bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of nutritional value of complete feed on the chemical composition of rabbit meat
Authors: Kvartnikov M P , Kvartnikova E G
Published: September 2021

Rabbit breeding, one of the oldest branches of animal husbandry, provides man with a wide range of agricultural products, the main one being dietary meat. Many domestic and foreign scientists pay great attention to the chemical composition of rabbit meat and the factors affecting it. It is known that the protein content in rabbit meat increases with age, but no significant difference in the protein content in rabbit meat of different breeds has been established. The article shows the dependence of the chemical composition of rabbit meat on the ratio of nutrients in the diet with a dry type of feeding. In a scientific and economic experiment on young rabbits of the Soviet chinchilla breed, the influence of the ratio of nutrients in a complete granulated feed on the chemical composition of meat at slaughter at the age of 90 days was established. It was formed on the principle of analogs of the 2nd group of young animals at the age of 45 days, 60 heads in each: group 1 - control, 2 - experiment. The rabbits were fed with full-feed granulated feed (FGF), consisting of the same plant and mineral components: barley, oats, corn, grass flour, sunflower meal, feed chalk, monocalcium phosphate, table salt. The composition of the FGF 1 of the control group contained 1% of the vitamin and mineral premix P 90-2T; the composition of the FGF of the experimental group contained no vitamin and mineral premix. The diets of the control and experimental groups differed in the ratio of protein, fat and fiber. As a result of laboratory studies by the method of full zootechnical analysis, it was found that the chemical composition of rabbit meat from the hip part does not depend on the nutritional value of the diet, and the neck part does, and the protein content is inversely related.
Cooked and smoked meat products with the addition of L- carnitine for the nutrition of athletes
Authors: Khramova V N , Gorlov I F , Chekhova E A , Khramova Ya I , Kartushina Yu N , Korotkova A A
Published: September 2021

The article discusses the issue of organizing the production of cooked-smoked meat products for the nutrition of athletes and increasing the functionality of the assortment positions of the line of cooked-smoked products by using L-carnitine as a food additive. It was proposed to use pork, turkey and chicken in the form of whole muscle pieces as the main raw material. For a sports diet, the use of poultry meat is promising and relevant, since it is known that the proteins of chicken and turkey meat are successfully absorbed by the body. Pork use is directed at a target consumer group other than athletes. A recipe and technology for the production of cooked-smoked meat products were developed, taking into account the requirements for sports nutrition, the technological properties of L-carnitine were also taken into account and a number of laboratory studies were carried out to substantiate them, physical, chemical and organoleptic studies of the product were carried out.
The influence of reproductive functions on productivity of cows of various live weight
Authors: Gorelik O V , Gorelik A S , Galushina P S , Kosilov V I , Krovikova A N
Published: September 2021

In Sverdlovsk region Holstenized black-and-white cattle of the Ural type are used for milk production. Animals of this type feature high productivity indices, however, the breeding stock encountered decrease in the productive longevity. The first-calves showed an increase in milk yield per lactation, along with an increase in their live weight up to 624 kg. The difference in milk yield was significant in favor of cows with a live weight of 600-624 kg. in comparison with the groups of cows with a live weight below 575 kg at P≤0.05-P≤0.01. Among the cows of the third lactation the highest milk yield was obtained from the cows with the highest live weight - 625 kg and more - 10122 ± 118.59 kg. All animals feature an excess over the optimal duration of service period by 19-83 days, i.e. by 23.8-103.8%. The average duration of the lactation period for first-calves is 140 ± 4.69 days, for the full-aged cows - 149 ± 3.98 days. The coefficient of reproductive capacity is 0.85 on average. The positive relationship between milk yield per lactation period and the duration of the service period is confirmed. No general pattern for correlation of live weight and duration of service period.
Influence of the breed lineorigin of cows on correlation of productive qualities depending on lactation
Authors: Harlap S Yu , Sorokina N I , Moskvina L A , Kulmakova N I , Bezhinar TI
Published: September 2021

In Sverdlovsk region new Ural type of black-and-white breed with a high proportion of Holstein breed blood relationship has been created. Animals of this type feature high productivity rates. The research of the productive qualities of modern black-and-white cattle, depending on its origin and lactation, is relevant and of practical importance. Milk yield increases from the first lactation to the third. The most significant increase was recorded between the first and second lactations, when the increase in milk yield during the second lactation was 934 and 1.165 kg respectively, or 9.86 and 12.26% (P≤0.05 in favor of the second lactation). For the third lactation, the increase was insignificant and unreliable. There were no significant differences between the lines of cows’ origin. In our opinion, it is explained by thorough and uniform selection of the servicing bulls, a high level of inbred animals in the herd (more than 65%) and cross-breeding. The increase of MFF and MFP in the milk of cows during the second lactation and a slight decrease in these parameters in full-age cows after the third lactation was observed. Correlation of quality indicators and milk yield per lactation varied depending on the ordinal number of lactation, but the quality indicators were almost equally independent from the linear origin of cows. So, the correlation between milk yield and MFF in milk per each lactation increased in negative direction, and content of milk protein ranged from low negative (1stlactation) to low positive (3rdlactation).
Correlation of performance traits of black-and-white first- calves
Authors: Gorelik A S , Gorelik O V , Miftakhutdinov A V , Smolyakova N P , Zernina S G
Published: September 2021

The long-term use of Holstein breeding bulls of foreign selection has led to the creation of a large quantity of Holsteinzed cattle in various climatic and ecological forage zones of the country, which also differs in their economically useful traits and biological features inherited from the breed resources of cattle in the breeding zone and the country of origin of the breeding bulls involved in crossing. In Sverdlovsk region the Holsteinzed black-and-white cattle of the Ural type are being bred, which are represented by large highly productive animals with a high genetic potential for milk productivity. The aim of the work is to study the correlation of productive qualities parameters among first-calves of black-and-white cattle. There is no difference between the breed lines in their productivity or they are so insignificant that they prove the uniformity of the bred livestock. This uniformity is achieved by strict selection and constant observance of the same type of selection applied for breeding bulls to serve in the herd. An insignificant difference in milk productivity parameters of cows of different Holstein lines is caused to the high level of inbreeding in the herd. The inbred animals account for up to 65 percent or more, depending on the age. A low positive correlation between the live weight of cows and their productive qualities is established, which practically has no dependence on the linear origin of cows.
Goats producing biosimilar human lactoferrin
Authors: Bogdanovich D M , Radchikov V F , Kuznetsova V N , Petrushko E V , Spivak M E , Sivko A N
Published: September 2021

Herd of goats producing biosimilar human lactoferrin has been created. The nature of transmission of the transgene through a number of generations, productivity according to target protein, as well as technological parameters of milk containing recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLF) have been studied. The frequency of transgene transmission from parents to offspring was recorded to be in the range of 42.4-52.6%. The median rhLF content in milk of F1 animals was 2.60 g/L, F6 – 2.00±0.85 g/L. In terms of physical and chemical and technological parameters, milk with rhLF meets quality standards. The somatic cells count, being the marker of mammary inflammation (mastitis), has been decreased in milk of producing goats.
Perspectives and challenges of global cattle and sheep meat and milk production
Authors: Petrovic M P , Caro Petrovic V , Gorlov I F , Slozenkina M I , Selionova M I , Nikolaevna I S , Itckovich A Yu
Published: September 2021

Cattle and sheep meat and milk production is an imperative of animal husbandry in the world. Statistics show a constant trend of increasing the number of inhabitants of the planet, and thus the need for livestock products. Scientists are trying to find a balance between food needs and sustainable development. Special emphasis must be placed on respecting the differences in the understanding and choice of food, and thus milk and meat. Not all cultures have the same habits, on the other hand, the conditions for the development of animal husbandry differ significantly in terms of the natural potentials of individual countries. With the development of new technologies, it is possible to find optimal models for the successful development of animal husbandry in the future, taking into account the conservation of biodiversity.
Approaches of growing chicken at poultry plants for food industry
Authors: Efimenko A L , Yakovleva E G , Merzlenko R A
Published: September 2021

Serological control of transovarial and post-vaccination immunity to Newcastle disease was carried out in Hisex Brown chickens. Day old chickens had group transovarian immunity stress of 20% with a range of titers from 1: 2 to 1:32, with the absence of zero titers. After triple vaccination of day-old chickens in a control group, serological control after 18 days revealed zero titers of immunity to Newcastle disease. Chickens of both experimental groups, not vaccinated at one day of age against Newcastle disease, but received preparations of the "Prodaktiv" line with drinking water, had the same level of transovarial immunity stress to Newcastle disease at the age of 18 days. Serological monitoring at age of 40 days revealed group immunity in all chickens from 80 to 85%, which corresponds to normal values, but in a control group, in contrast to experimental ones, there were zero titers, i.e. there were intact chickens. At the age of 90 days, after the next scheduled complex vaccination, carried out associated with high rates of immunity to Newcastle disease, there was a slight increase in it in all groups, with intact chickens in the control group. Positive dynamics of live weight of experimental chickens was noted, especially in the group that received "Prodaktiv Forte" with drinking water.
Problems and trends in the development of dairy livestock in Russia
Authors: Semina L K , Avduevskya N N , Skulyabina Z A , Remizova EV , Gorbatov A V
Published: September 2021

Staphylococci are widespread in the environment, which is facilitated by the duration of their survival on various objects. In this regard, rapid and accurate identification of staphylococcal species is in demand, with the aim to assess their pathogenic properties and prescribe adequate drug therapy. This year, 48 staphylococcal cultures were isolated from the udder secretions of cows (sick with mastitis) from six regional agricultural enterprises and tested for a number of biochemical properties. By the minimum number of tests, including catalase activity, mannitol fermentation and plasma coagulation, isolated cultures were differentiated into coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative ones. According to the research results for S. aureus, the three above-mentioned tests are sufficiently informative to classify them as pathogenic staphylococci. S. intermedius strains are catalase- and coagulase-positive, and with respect to mannitol fermentation, the reaction can be either positive or negative, which requires additional research. In addition to the tests listed above, the presence of hemolytic and DNAse activity was confirmed in strains of pathogenic staphylococci. The use of the reagents set of “Multimicrotests for biochemical identification of staphylococci (“MMT S”)” makes it possible to determine the species belonging of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Determination of biochemical properties of staphylococci isolated during bacteriological analysis makes it possible to identify them and assess their pathogenic properties.
Feasibility study of the project of using sesame oil of its own production in a public catering enterprise
Authors: Bugaets Natalia , Yakimenko Andrew , Tereshchenko Igor , Bugaets Ivan , Shamkova Natalia
Published: September 2021

Development of technology for new food products with desired properties is a long-term process and requires the involvement of significant resources. At the early stages of innovation, when developing a technical and technological image of a new product, it is necessary to assess the risks and future efficiency of its production and implementation. On the basis of preliminary studies, a technology and formulation of fat and oil products based on a composition of stabilizers and structure-forming agents, including protein products from sesame seeds, have been developed. The article is devoted to the assessment of factors associated with the purchase of raw materials, their quality and availability in the conditions of a public catering enterprise.
Technological parameters and chemical composition of soya beans
Authors: Beshimov Yusuf , Akhmedova Mekhriniso
Published: September 2021

This article covers technological characteristics of localized soybeans, data on obtaining cereals and other types of products from them. Data based on analyzes obtained for soybean grain varieties are also provided. Physical-chemical properties of soybean varieties, proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the obtained products are widely analyzed. The macro-, micronutrients, and biologically active substances in soybeans are analyzed, and it is determined that they cause biological and physical-chemical changes in human health, and their deficiency leads to various immune-related diseases.
Efficiency of growth regulators with anti-stress properties in agricultural technology of winter wheat in the Middle Volga region
Authors: Bakaeva N P
Published: September 2021

The use of growth regulators with anti-stress properties Albit and Moddus was studied during winter wheat cultivation in the conditions of the Middle Volga region. During the study period, the effectiveness of biological products was high; in the autumn period, treatment with biological products allowed winter wheat plants to overwinter with less losses, to reduce the duration from germination to autumn tillering, to increase the number of shoots, the weight of plants and roots, the number of leaves and sugar content. The biostimulator Moddus has shown the effectiveness of action at the heading stage on such parameters as the content of sugars, starch and fibre in the leaves; at the stage of grain full ripeness – sugar, starch and fibre content in grain, yielding ability and realization of the yield potential. The antistressant Albit showed great efficiency by influencing such indicators as the duration of growing season, the weight of 1000 grains, the value of the activities of α-amylase, β-amylase and α + β-amylase.
Types of wastewater treatment technologies for facilities with a capacity up to 1000 m3/day
Authors: Nepogodin A M , Abramova A A , Dyagelev M Yu , Grakhova E V , Pantuchina A A
Published: September 2021

The article presents an algorithm of making a decision for choosing a technological scheme of wastewater treatment for facilities with a capacity up to 1000 m3/day. There are factors, which help to determine the scheme: plant performance, amount of suspended solids and indicator of wastewater pollution with organic compounds - biological oxygen demand. The best solution according to these parameters can be one or more from 14 considered options of technological schemes, that simplifies and speeds up the process of selecting and designing the main structures of a wastewater treatment plant.
Green technologies as a factor in the sustainable development of the national economy
Authors: Mantaeva E I , Slobodchikova I V , Goldenova V S , Avadaeva I V , Nimgirov A G
Published: September 2021

Since the late 1980s, there has been a rethinking of views on the human impact on the environment in the world. In this regard, various theories have emerged that emphasize environmental friendliness while maintaining sustainable economic growth. These theories are called the concept of sustainable development. The ecological component of sustainable development focuses on a lean attitude towards the ecosystem, "green" technologies as the basis for innovative growth and protection of the right of future generations to the quality of the environment. Most developed countries are already focusing on the development of such "green" technologies as hydropower, wind energy, solar and bioenergy, as well as geothermal energy. In connection with the growing needs of countries for energy resources, it is the development of "green" energy that can become a key point of economic growth of the national economy without harming the environment.
Hierarchical analysis and modelling of regional environmental and economic security
Authors: Skiter N N , Ketko N V , Simonov A B , Kuznetsov S Yu , Velikanov V V
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes a number of indicators characterizing the environmental and economic state of the region. It is established that the state of the environment has already moved from the category of exogenous parameters for the economic system into the category of intra-economic characteristics, which, first of all, changes the structure and nature of methods of analysis and assessment of the impact of pollution on the environment. The method of hierarchical analysis, which allows to systematize the elements of environmental and economic security of the region, is applied. The mathematical support of the method of analysis hierarchies is considered. To assess the quality of environmental and economic security of the region a hierarchy is built, which provides for the allocation of the criteria of the upper and lower levels. It is proved that the economic basis of regional environmental-economic interests is the ownership of natural resources, and the environmental basis is the integrity of ecosystems in the region. It is proved that the formation and improvement of the mechanism of security should be based on the coordination of environmental and economic interests and the resolution of contradictions between them. The authors proposed an original software product for the justification of the safety parameters of ecological and economic systems. The structure and parameters of the developed decision support system, allowing to carry out the convolution of the group of economic and environmental factors that influence the quality of management decisions, are considered. The hierarchical model built allows the decision maker to form a system of ranked indicators that determine the level of environmental safety of regional environmental-economic systems, and provide a reasoned choice of project alternatives.
Diversity of Dendrobionts, Hortobionts, and Herpetobionts of Some Biotopes of Specially Protected Natural Territory «Sosnovaya Rosha»
Authors: Turmukhametova N V , Vorobeva I G , Bedova P V
Published: September 2021

The paper describes the diversity of invertebrates belonging to dendro-, horto-, and herpetobionts in conditions of Specially Protected Natural Territory «Sosnovaya Rosha» in the city of Yoshkar-Ola, Republic of Mari El Russia. The diversity of invertebrates in different biotopes of the studied protected territory was 323 species: 3 species of Chilopoda; 63, Arachnida with prevalence of Aranei; and 257, Insecta with prevalence of Coleoptera. The variety of consortive relations may indicate resistance of the cenopopulation of the consortium determinant to adverse conditions. The diversity and abundance of hortobionts is determined by the type of the herbaceous community. The abundance of animals and the number of dominant groups of the soil herpetobionts depend on the location of the protected territory in the vicinity of Yoshkar-Ola, on soil composition and phytocenosis composition, on ontogeny stages, and on climatic factors. Heterogeneity of conditions of different biotopes in the forest park «Sosnovaya Rosha» contributes to an increase in the diversity of groups of invertebrates along the vertical gradient of a community (herpetobionts, hortobionts, and dendrobionts), which may preserve the stability of the community under the impact of anthropogenic factors.
Conservation of biological diversity of rare animal species in the Boguchansky district
Authors: Zhilenko N A , Buyanov I Yu , Shestak K V
Published: September 2021

The paper states that biological diversity preservation involves maintaining the historically established habitats of various groups of living organisms, including rare species. A list of animal species found on the territory of the forestry, included in the Red Data Books of the Russian Federation and the Krasnoyarsk Territory, has been compiled. The recommendations for the of habitats and seasonal places of concentration have been proposed. The fauna is characterized by the uniqueness of complexes of taiga and subtaiga species. In this area, 29 species of mammals and 117 species of birds are recorded. Migrating and nesting birds as well as flying through the region are of great international importance. It is necessary to make recommendations to the forestry regulations of the forestry to preserve rare and endangered species of animals. It will create a legal basis for the preservation of key objects of biological diversity. The application of these unified measures in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, within the framework of the requirements of the legislation, will contribute to the preservation and restoration of biodiversity with an intense anthropogenic impact on ecosystems.
Phytopathogenic complex of the genus Fusarium in wheat varieties grown in Siberia
Authors: Litovka Y A , Makolova P V , Leonenko A A , Vasilieva A A , Kokorin A N , Pavlov I N
Published: September 2021

A phytopathogenic complex of the genus Fusarium, common on 19 wheat varieties cultivated in Siberia, was investigated. It was found eleven fungal species in wheat grain (Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. diversisporum, F. heterosporum, F. oxysporum, F.poae, F. sambucinum, F. incarnatum, F. sporotrichioides, F. tricinctum, Neocosmospora solani), with the dominant one being F. sporotrichioides (from 23 to 68 % of the total number of species). Seven species were found in the rhizosphere of wheat (F. avenaceum, F.incarnatum, F. oxysporum, F. sambucinum, F. sporotrichioides, F. tricinctum, N. solani), with the most common being F. oxysporum (up to 39 %) and F. sporotrichioides (up to 35%). Biotesting a mixture of metabolites in wheat seeds and seedlings revealed highly toxic species, namely F. sporotrichioides and F. oxysporum (a decrease of in vitro seed germination by more than 55 % and a prolonged inhibitory effect on seedling development). F. avenaceum, N.solani and F. culmorum are moderately toxic species. The greatest danger for the development of wheat fusariosis in Siberia in terms of the total frequency of occurrence, phytotoxic and phytopathogenic properties is represented by F. sporotrichioides.
Important physical and mechanical properties of the mung bean seed for harvesting and cleaning process
Authors: Astanakulov K D , Rasulov A D , Baimakhanov K A , Eshankulov Kh M , Kurbanov A J
Published: September 2021

Known physical and mechanical properties of the mung bean and its seed is importent for harvesting and cleaning. Experiments for determining were performed according to defined methods by sorts of mash bean "Turon", "Durdona", "Kakhrabo" and "Radost" that are being grown in large amount in present days and during the experiments the fraction content of the mash bean seed as well other impurities in its content also length, width and thickness of the seed were defined. There are pure seed between 85-86 % in content of seed mixtures, about 2 % broken and free seeds as well between 12-14 % other impurities. The seed of mash bean sort "Durdona" is the biggest among other sorts, its average grain length is 6.29 mm, width is 4.25 mm and thickness is 3.96 mm. "Turon" and "Kakhrabo" sorts’ seeds have average sizes, their average seed lengths are 5.85 mm and 5.58 mm, their widths are 4.25 and 4.16 mm also their thicknesses are 3.68 mm and 3.96 mm respectively. According to size, the smallest grains belong to "Radost" sort, their sizes were defined at 4.58 mm, 3.46 mm and 3.60 mm respectively. According to researches, it was defined that there are other impurities around 11.1-11.4 per cent, free and broken seeds about 1.9-3.4 per cent in the content of mash bean that harvested by cereal harvester combine and they should be separated before using consumption or sending to sell, as well it is expedient to separate to fractions according to dimension of seed.
Economic substantiation for the creation of the seed production center for the soybeans domestic varieties
Authors: Chepeleva K V , Shmeleva Zh N
Published: September 2021

The article presents the economic substantiation of the project to create a center for selection and seed production of soybeans of the East Siberian ecotype domestic varieties. The aim of the project is the system formation and development for the selection and seed production of the East Siberian ecotype soybeans through the development and implementation of molecular genetics technologies in the selection process and industrial seed production of the crop. The enlarged investment plan of the project is given. The planned production program, pricing parameters for seed material and seed production services are calculated. The dynamics of sales volume for the years of project implementation is reflected, the tax environment of the project is described. The forecast of fixed and variable costs is made. The statement of cash flows and financial results for 5 years of the project implementation is formed. The forecast of the project investment efficiency is presented. The expected effects of the project: economic, social, budgetary, as well as the multiplicative effects are given. As a result of R & D, within the project framework, the following products will be obtained: the set of DNA markers, the germplasm of soybean samples and the seed material of two varieties.
Effect of crop rotation on the incidence of soil-borne fungal wheat pathogens
Authors: Kukushkina K V , Keler V V , Ovsyankina S V , Oleynikova E N , Khizhnyak S V
Published: September 2021

Nine varieties of soft spring wheat (Altayskaya 70, Altayskaya 75, Krasnoyarskaya 12, Novosibirskaya 15, Novosibirskaya 16, Novosibirskaya 29, Novosibirskaya 31, Novosibirskaya 41 and Svirel) were studied in the field experiment using fallow as a predecessor and wheat as a predecessor both with and without nitrogen fertilizer for an incidence of root infection caused by Fusarium spp., Alternaria spp. and Bipolaris sorokiniana. Average by varieties and variants of experiment incidence of Fusarium spp., Alternaria spp. and B. sorokiniana was 7.5, 5.7 and 10.8%, respectively. Wheat as a predecessor statistically significantly increased average by varieties incidence of both Fusarium spp. and Alternaria spp. in comparison with fallow. Nitrogen fertilizer statistically significantly increased average incidence of Fusarium spp., Alternaria spp. and B. sorokiniana. The incidence of fungal root infection and the effects of predecessor and fertilization statistically significantly depended on the variety.
Assessment of stress resistance of wheat varieties based on the cluster analysis of biopotential parameters
Authors: Seroklinov G V , Gunko A V
Published: September 2021

Resistance of three wheat varieties (Omskaya 18, Novosibirskaya 18, and Novosibirskaya 44) to temperature stress was explored. Seven - and 14-day old seedlings were subjected to heat and cold stress and biopotential signals were recorded. As a preliminary evaluation step, the signals were processed using a MatLab platform. Specifically, raw signal was passed through low-frequency nonrecursive filters, which was followed by signal centering to remove the baseline component as well as by temperature-dependent signal normalization. Filtered signal was then differentiated and this differential signal was subjected to centering and normalization. Each of these implementations were used to calculate minimum, maximum, and average biopotential values. The data obtained formed three pairwise groups displaying variety-specific trait clustering. Our results indicate that biopotential parameters collected from wheat seedlings can be used to reliably identify and group together the plants that share the same variety traits.
Immune-enzyme methods of food safety analysis
Authors: Kurbanov Murod , Mukhamadiev Bakhodir , Kalanova Dilafruz , Muzafarova Kholida , Kurbanova Shakhnoza
Published: September 2021

One of the topical issues of agricultural production is the quality and safety of raw materials and products. Food safety primarily concerns biological, more precisely microbiological objects, namely, viruses, pathogenic bacteria (salmonella, listeria, etc.) and fungi (mycotoxins), the analysis of which requires cheap, specific and fast methods. This article covers the essence of ELISA – enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods, as well as PSR - polymerase chain reactions, their varieties and advantages in comparison with traditional methods of analyzing microorganisms that pose a certain danger to human health (through food products) and animals (through feed). The article is relevant in the light of recent events, namely outbreaks of various epidemics (e.g., the Covid-19 coronavirus)
Evaluations of successful practices in the implementation of green management
Authors: Lamzin R M , Mosolova D A , Knyazhechenko O A
Published: September 2021

The stability of modern socio-economic processes is determined by the rational regulation of the relationship between the optimal provision of production and consumer relations and the scientifically grounded use of the components of the natural environment. In this regard, by analyzing and summarizing various methods of obtaining economic products in demand on the market, as well as by methods of statistical and economic analysis of multidirectional information data, the need to find a multidimensional organizational and management structure that combines productive forms of use and disposal of available production technologies is revealed, subject to full compliance conditions of the minimum possible impact on the natural environment. The main goal of green management is to obtain the maximum possible economic and production effects, which is expressed in the form of the maximum possible level of profit with the maximum satisfaction of consumer demands with the maximum possible extraction of raw materials and energy from the minimum possible amount of components of the natural environment. As a result of the study, it was established that in conditions of violation of natural-natural relationships and natural-climatic conditions of life of modern society, green management is a productive system for the development of promising forms and methods of economic activity in conditions of natural and climatic instability with the receipt of innovative economic products.
Forecasting the winter wheat yield based on the vegetation index NDVI dynamic model
Authors: Bukhovets A G , Semin E A , Kucherenko M V , Iablonovskaia S I
Published: September 2021

The proposed vegetation index NDVI dynamic model allows us to move from describing the plants’ development and growth phenomenological way to model ideas about the vegetation process as a whole. The biological research previously obtained experimental material is linked within a mathematical model framework with the vegetation indices values calculated from satellite images. This makes it possible to quantitatively evaluate the plant development characteristics and indicators in the crops observations framework carried out using spacecraft. This work main task is to explicate the mathematical model main provisions, which allows combining these two viewpoints obtained in different ways: experimentally and through visual analysis. This approach allows explaining how the processes occurring in plants are displayed in a data mathematical model obtained from space. In this paper, we consider an approach based solely on a dynamic model parameter for the current field season and an introduced new integral characteristic that depends on the vegetation index NDVI current values. This approach advantage to yield forecasting is that the forecast is made on the data basis coming from the spacecraft, i.e. is operational. At the same time, the forecast is based on a dynamic model that takes into account the agricultural plants physiological characteristics, in particular, winter wheat.
Risk insurance of agricultural organizations in Russia: trends, problems, directions of development
Authors: Naminova K A , Makaeva K I , Uchurova E O , Boldyreva E S , Godzhaeva E S
Published: September 2021

The historical heterogeneity of the Russian economic space has a significant impact on the evolution of the state structure, the structure and efficiency of the economy. Agriculture is carried out in conditions of risky farming, due to droughts, waterlogs, cold weather, which leads to poor harvest years, to high losses of livestock of farm animals. Thus, the weight of the frost, hail, in the South of Russia in 2018 caused great damage to the development of agriculture in the amount of 7.3 billion rubles, floods in Siberia, the Far East in 2019 caused damage costing more than 13 billion rubles. High risks rooted in the peculiarities of agricultural activities, crisis financial condition, debt burden of agricultural enterprises do not allow them to cope with losses on their own. However, the role of such enterprises and their products is the subject of national policy aimed at ensuring the country’s food security. Despite notable achievements in the economic development, expansion of agriculture, the protection of the interests of the farmers remains low. The problems of crop loss, animal deaths, the issues of establishing insurance conditions with state support containing a combined list of insurance risks, without taking into account natural and climatic conditions, the imperfection of the procedure for providing state subsidies to the regions stays quite acute and relevant.
The role of dyeing safflower in ensuring food security of the Volgograd region
Authors: Belikina A V , Sukhareva E P
Published: September 2021

The Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation which was adopted on January 20th, 2020 which he obtained the level of self-sufficiency in the seeds crop of agriculture from domestic section should be at least 75%. The Volgograd region is a large agricultural region of Russia, which produces about 70% of agricultural crops from agricultural products in the region where various crops are grown, which provide most of the oilseed crops with sunflower. It was determined that its crops negatively affect the ecological situation in the region; safflower, which has up to 35% oil in oilseeds, could serve as an alternative crop. At the same time, in arid regions, forage production requires optimization, and for a variety of rations for farm animals, it is possible to use thornless safflower varieties, which are grown for green fodder and for obtaining meal, after extracting oil from safflower oilseeds. The usefulness of safflower meal for farm animals, containing up to 55 feed units, is confirmed by foreign researchers in their works. So, when feeding lambs, the color of the meat increases while the linoleic acid in it increases. The researchers state that the addition of 15% safflower seeds improves the sensory properties of lamb meat and also improves the quality of the meat. The factors of choosing a competitive focusing strategy for farms that cultivate a niche crop of safflower are considered. In 2020, 16 varieties of crops were included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements, of which 4 are breeding of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 of them have no thorns and are suitable for obtaining green mass from safflower crops, up to two mows per season. The supply and demand in the market, market factors of their change have been studied. The economic efficiency of the cultivation of dyeing safflower for seeds and commercial purposes has been calculated.
Environmental adaptive features of local dogs and Kalmyk’s shepherd dog “Barg”
Authors: Yuldashbayev Yusup , Arylov Khongor , Arylov Yuri , Frantsuzov Oleg , Natyrov Arkady
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results on the study of the biological characteristics of the Kalmyk’s shepherd dog "Barg" and local dogs, as well as indicators of the physiological state of animals (pulse frequency, breathing and body temperature). The indicators of natural immunity in the studied dog breeds and morphological, biochemical blood composition of animals were investigated. Analyzing the above mentioned data, it is possible to conclude that the extrusion of feed for experimental dogs contributes to a more intense metabolic process in the body, which is confirmed by the best biochemical blood indicators.
Biomedical and biotechnological aspects of the production of functional ingredients based on yeast biomass
Authors: Serba E M , Rimareva L V , Yuraskina T V , Sokolova E N , Revyakina V A
Published: September 2021

The results obtained in recent studies shown that use of the biologically active substances of microbial origin is prospect as natural components of nutrition, including the non-pathogenic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, applying in the food industry. The aim of this work was to study the peptide and amino acid composition of yeast fermentolysates as factors that form their functional properties and biomedical activity. As a result of biocatalytic destruction during 6 and 12 hours, yeast biomass fermentolysates were produced, that mainly contained low molecular weight peptides (57.3% and 85.0% of the protein substances total mass) and free form amino acids (15.7% and 50.2% of the total amino acids). Spectral composition analysis of low molecular weight peptides confirmed a high degree of the protein hydrolysis. It was established that after 12 h of the hydrolysis, fermentolysate mainly contained peptides with a molecular weight of 80 to 300 Da, as well as free amino acids. The efficiency and safety of yeast fermentolysates that are sources of low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids, that determine their functional properties, was proven using in diets of experimental animals. Biomedical research and clinical trials confirmed that yeast fermentolysates had a high digestibility, promoted the normalization of metabolism, improved the functional state of the body, the recovery of patients and the restoration of their operability, had a general fortifying and immunomodulatory effect.
Etiological structure of pig colibacillosis on the territory of the Russian Federation
Authors: Yakimova E A , Matyash E A , Belyaeva A S , Kapustin A V , Laishevtsev A I
Published: September 2021

In the course of the study, the results were obtained proving that on the territory of pig breeding enterprises in some regions of the Russian Federation, at least 29 E. Coli serogroups are circulating, both intestinal (enterotoxigenic - ETEC, enteropathogenic - EPEC, enterohemorragic - EHEC, enteroaggregative - EAEC, diffusely adherent - DAEC), and extraintestinal (uropathogenic - UPEC, neonatal meningitis - NMEC, avian pathogenic - APEC). The O2 serogroup has the largest share in this structure - 10.13%, then comes O4 – 9.13%, O20 – 6.98%, O41 – 6.95%, O35 – 5.74%, O55 – 5.62%, O33 – 5.38%, O26 – 5.02%, O119 – 4.14%, O111 – 3.93%, O18 – 3.23%, O103 – 2.99%, O8 – 2.96%, O1 and O126 - 2.93% each, O127 – 2.54%, O141 – 2.39%, O15 – 2.27%, O78 – 2.21%, O117 – 2.12%, O139 – 1.06%, O101 – 2.00%, O115 – 1.36%, O86 – 1.33%, O138 – 1.12%, O142 and O9 - 0.85 %, O149 – 0.67% and O3 – 0.18% each. Most of the E. Coli isolates were not serotyped due to the limited capabilities of the diagnostic kit. Most of the identified Escherichia serogroups (28 out of 29) were isolated from adult sows on a commercial reproducer, which suggests that this physiological group of animals is the main source of E. coli. At the same time, it was recorded that in addition to the vertical path of transmission of the pathogen (from sows to young animals), the horizontal path of transmission (for example, from people, with food, with water, with rodents, etc.) has an important role in the spread of colibacillosis. The results obtained can be useful for practicing veterinary specialists when planning therapeutic measures for pig colibacillosis.
Browning of subcutaneous adipose tissue in wild-caught rodents of Siberia
Authors: Elsukova E I , Yakunenkov A V
Published: September 2021

The physiological role of uncoupling protein 1 in white fat depot is not yet fully understood. Analysis of adipose tissues of animals from natural populations may be an informative addition to the laboratory experiment in the study of this problem. The paper presents the first case of the detection of uncoupling protein 1 in inguinal white fat depot of short-tailed field voles (Microtus agrestis) and Korean field mice (Apodemus peninsulae). The animals were caught in West Sayan in the summer of 2015. Their inguinal fat was of non-typical dark-pink color with the brown colored inclusions, increased content of total protein in comparison with these parameters of laboratory mice. Immunoreactive UCP1 was identified in this white fat pad of about two-thirds of the animals. The interscapular brown fat weight, morphology, biochemical properties were typical. We assumed the inguinal fat with uncoupling protein 1 to be responsible for heating the low limb muscles and triggering their high activity at low summer night temperatures in West Sayan.
Biodiversity and functional variability of the allele pool of horse breed populations
Authors: Blohina N V , Sorokin S I , Khrabrova L A , Zelenchenkova A A , Bazaron B Z
Published: September 2021

Polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM1) is a disease of excessive accumulation of glycogen in muscles, which is encoded by the enzyme glycogen synthase (GYS1). The horses with a mutation at the locus (GYS1) have substandard performance, they often experience muscle pain with intense work, get sweaty and have stiffness in movement, which is generally accompanied by a decrease in performance. The aim of our research was to study the GYS1 mutation (g.18940324 G> A) in glycogen accumulation in horses of different breeds. For the study, horses (n = 181) of ten factory and local breeds were selected, including Russian Donskaya, Bashkirskaya, Buryatskaya, Vladimirskaya, Vyatskaya, Percheronskaya, Russian heavy draft, Soviet heavy draft, Orlov trotter and Thoroughbred horse breeds. According to the results of testing, the GYS1 mutation was found in Bashkirskaya horse breed (3.2%), Buryatskaya horse breed (10%), Vyatskaya horse breed (9.5%), Soviet heavy draft horse breed (30%), Russian heavy draft horse breed (49.9%) and Percheronskaya horse breed (90%). Donskaya, Thoroughbred and Orlov trotter horse breeds showed no PSSM1 defect. Timely diagnostics and monitoring of horse breeds for the presence of genetic abnormalities that reduce their health and performance allow avoiding the accumulation of genetic burden in populations and contribute to increasing the efficiency of breeding programs.
Impact of mineral fertilizers on yield and grain quality of spring wheat cultivar Marsianka
Authors: Sultanov F S , Yudin A A , Gabdrakhimov O B
Published: September 2021

The article gives the results of studies on the effect of mineral fertilizers on yielding capacity and grain quality of a new variety of soft spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Marsianka. The research objectives included the study of mineral fertilizers impact on plant growth and development, ripening terms, yield structure, productivity, grain quality and economic efficiency of Marsianka cultivar. Field observations and laboratory assays of the obtained data confirmed that mineral fertilizers make a significant effect on plant growth and development, on yield components (the amount of productive stems, grain number per spike, thousand-grain weight) of the new variety. Resulting from the studies it has been established that the application of fertilizers rated for the planned yield 4.0 t/ha provides max. productivity 3.43 t/ha of good-quality grain containing crude protein 15.9 % and gluten 35.0 %. In terms of economic efficiency, the lowest prime cost of 1 t grain (5171.0 and 5242.1 rub.) and high payback level were obtained with N30 and N60 application. In these options, the cost recovery of 1 kg a. s. fertilizers was 11.6 and 10.7 kg of grain, respectively. The greatest pure income 15.2 thous. rub/ha was provided in the variant using N60P60K60. The further increase of fertilizers application rate leads to products overpricing and decline in economic indicators when cultivating the new spring wheat cultivar Marsianka.
Historical Tools of Anthropometric Facial Assessment: A Systematic Raw Data Analysis on the Applicability of the Neoclassical Canons and Golden Ratio
Authors: Khoshab Nima , Donnelly Megan R , Sayadi Lohrasb R , Vyas Raj M , Banyard Derek A
Published: September 2021

Background

The fundamental tenets of facial aesthetic surgery education have not changed in centuries. Research is beginning to demonstrate that the Neoclassical Canons and the Golden Ratio, Phi, have limited utilization in populations other than those of White European extraction.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to analyze comparable raw data in the literature to determine (1) if there is interethnic variability in Neoclassical Canon and Phi measurements, and (2) if the measurements in these representative samples differ from the “ideal.”

Methods

A PubMed/Scopus search was performed. Manuscripts with raw data and individuals aged ≥16 were included. Measurements were extracted and employed to calculate the Neoclassical Canons and Phi. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were conducted to compare mean measurements across 6 ethnic groups (P < 0.05).

Results

Twenty-seven articles were included. Every continent was represented except Antarctica and Australia. Men were less commonly studied than women. Participant ages ranged from 16 to 56. Averaged Canons 2, 6-8 measurements had significant interethnic differences in males, whereas Canons 5-8 had significant differences across ethnicities in females. For men, there was significant interethnic variability in measurements of Phi 2, 5, 8, 10, and 17. For women, Phi 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, and 17 varied across ethnicities. No ethnic/gender group showed consistent approximation of the “ideal” for both the Neoclassical Canons and Phi.

Conclusions

Today, the utility of the Neoclassical Canons and Phi is limited. It is incumbent on our field to systematically study and define the anthropometric measures that define the “ideal.”