bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Foaming on the Electrical Conductivity of Thermoplastic/Carbon Composites Containing Nano and Micro Carbon Fillers in Compression and Injection Molding
Authors: Nikravan G. , Motlagh G.H. , Foroozani A. , Motahari S.
Published: September 2018

The effect of foaming on the electrical conductivity of polystyrene/carbon composites with emphasis on the particle size of conductive filler and molding method has been studied. Carbon black and expanded graphite, as nano carbon fillers, and natural flake graphite, as a micro carbon filler, were used as conductive fillers. Compression and injection molding were employed to investigate the impact of molding method while foaming the composites. Polystyrene and the carbon fillers were mixed in a batch melt mixer and subsequently molded to rectangular sheets either by injection or compression molding. The electrical conductivity of the foam and solid composites were measured by two or four probe methods. The microstructure of the samples was studied by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The optical images showed a good dispersion and distribution of the filler particles in polystyrene with some degree of agglomeration. The results of electrical conductivity measurements showed that foaming can considerably enhance the electrical conductivity of the composites containing nano carbon fillers i.e. carbon black and expanded graphite but reduced that of the composites containing micro carbon fillers i.e. graphite. The enhancement was more significant in injection molding than compression molding. In the nanocomposites, the nano particles must have been re-localized, redistributed, reoriented or restructured via foaming to increase the electrical conductivity. Such phenomena are not likely to happen for large micro fillers so that the electrical conductivity of polystyrene/graphite composites reduced with foaming due to excluded volume of the cells.
Variothermal Foam Injection Molding - Dimensional Stability with High Surface Quality
Authors: Hopmann Christian , Lammert Nicolai , Zhang Yuxiao
Published: September 2018

Thermoplastic foam injection moulding offers various advantages for both processing and product design. Despite its many benefits, the moderate surface quality still constitutes a major disadvantage of this process. The mould temperature can be controlled dynamically to improve the surface quality. Different dynamic temperature control strategies are employed and analysed regarding their effectiveness and scope of application. Mould temperatures above the specific material transition temperatures allow the surface defects to be cured and enable the production of foamed thermoplastic parts with surface qualities comparable to those of the compact reference samples. The high mould temperatures during the injection phase alter the foam structure and the skin layer thicknesses, which impacts the mechanical properties.
Resting regional brain activity and connectivity vary with resting blood pressure but not muscle sympathetic nerve activity in normotensive humans: An exploratory study
Authors: Kobuch Sophie , Macefield Vaughan G , Henderson Luke A
Published: September 2018

Blood pressure is tightly controlled by the central nervous system, particularly the brainstem. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mean blood pressure (MBP), muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and resting regional brain activity in healthy human subjects. Pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling and functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain were performed immediately following a laboratory microneurography recording of MSNA and BP measurement in 31 young, healthy normotensive subjects. Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) correlated significantly with resting MBP levels in the region encompassing the rostroventrolateral medulla (RVLM), dorsolateral pons, and insular, prefrontal and cingulate cortices. Functional connectivity analysis revealed that the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex displayed greater resting connectivity strength within the RVLM in the lower compared with the higher MBP group. No significant differences in CBF were found when subjects were divided based on their MSNA levels. These results suggest that even subtle differences in resting MBP are associated with significant differences in resting activity in brain regions, which are well known to play a role in cardiovascular function. These data raise the question of the potential long-term consequences of differences in regional brain activity levels and their relationship with systemic blood pressure.
Fanning the Flames: Understanding Gang Involvement Among Philippine Prisoners
Authors: Lee Sou , Narag Raymund E.
Published: September 2018

Utilizing intensive interview and observational data from inmates in one of the most overcrowded and underresourced jail in Metro Manila, Philippines, this study presents the first in-depth analysis of the factors associated with pangkat (prison gangs) and querna (nongang affiliation) membership. The results suggest that inmates join pangkats to ensure their safety and survival. In contrast, those who remain unaffiliated do so given their negative perceptions of the pangkat, sufficient access to social support, and desire to maintain their preprison identity. Furthermore, these major themes are situated within a modified general strain framework, which integrates traditional models of inmate adjustment, namely, deprivation, importation, and coping perspectives. In light of these findings, several implications for future research and policy are advanced, including the continued application of traditional criminological theories for understanding incarcerated populations and the formal integration of pangkats to jail administration given the lack of current reform strategies for addressing structural and institutional deficiencies.
Multiple Controlled Graft Copolymers by Transition Metal-Catalyzed Living Radical Polymerization
Authors: Satoh K , Kamigaito M
Published: September 2018

This study is directed to the synthesis of a series of well-defined graft copolymers with the controlled lengths of both the backbone and graft chains by the ruthenium-catalysed living radical polymerisation. The backbone polymer was first synthesised by the ruthenium-catalysed living radical random copolymerisation of methyl methacrylate and 2-(trimethylsilyloxy)ethyl methacrylate followed by the in-situ transformation of the silyloxyl group into the ester with a C-Br bond, which resulted in efficient multifunctional macroinitiators for living radical graft copolymerisation. The methodology led to the novel controlled architectural copolymers, Ax-BAx-type block-graft copolymers, which can function as new building blocks for controlled nanostructures based on microphase separation and is different from that of the conventional ABA triblock copolymers. A series of well-defined Ax-BAx-type block-graft copolymers consisting of soft middle segments (dodecyl methacrylate) and hard outer graft chains (styrene) were synthesised by the ruthenium-catalysed block and graft polymerisations to exhibit characteristics of a thermoplastic elastomer.
Compression Set of Silicone Elastomers
Authors: Bayerl H.
Published: September 2018

Compression set is one of the most important properties of rubber, particularly for sealing applications. Nevertheless, this key characteristic is frequently disregarded or misinterpreted when it comes to material selection. Compression set and the method of determining this material property are described by reference to silicone elastomers. Critical parameters influencing compression set are illustrated by means of examples and a comparison is made between established test standards.
Hysteresis Improvement of Passenger Tyres Using Chemically Activated Aramid Fibre
Authors: Datta R. , Pierik B. , Made M. v/d , Huntink N.
Published: September 2018

The tyre industry is constantly striving to reduce the hysteresis of its products while maintaining a high level of product quality and performance. Using silica aids hysteresis but at the expense of processing and cost disadvantages. Increasing the addition of silane has environmental implications because of the ethanol that is formed and released during compounding, curing and storage. Nevertheless, improving hysteresis in passenger tread compounds containing carbon black as the primary filler remains a challenge for tyre compounders.

Chemically activated aramid fibre (Sulfron 3001), an extremely effective hysteresis improvement agent, reduces hysteresis significantly without compromising the other physical properties of the vulcanisates. This paper summarises laboratory results obtained by adding Sulfron 3001 to a passenger tread compound which demonstrate the potential it offers for hysteresis improvement.
Investigating the Structure and Properties of Materials Based on Composites of a Polysulphide Oligomer and a Polymerising Compound
Authors: Novakov I.A. , Nistratov A.V. , Frolova V.I. , Lukasik V.A. , Reznikova O.A. , Lymareva P.N.
Published: September 2018

An investigation was made of the rheological characteristics of composites consisting of a polysulphide oligomer and a polymerising compound, cured by redox systems. It was established that the polysulphide oligomer with polymerising compounds acts by the terminal mercapto groups and by the disulphide bonds of the liquid thiokol, with the formation of crosslinked polymers. It was shown that, during the curing of coatings in the presence of the polysulphide oligomer, shrinkage processes and spontaneous heating of the reaction mass are practically absent, which lowers imperfection.
Structural and Mechanical Features of Blends of Polyvinyl Chloride and Segmented Polyurethanes
Authors: Malysheva T.L. , Golovan' S.V.
Published: September 2018

An investigation was made of the influence of the concentration of rigid blocks of polyurethane elastomers on the microphase structure and physicomechanical properties of polymer blends based on polyvinyl chloride. New thermoplastic elastomers with increased strength characteristics were obtained.
Influence of the Nature of the Cyclic Component in the Composition of Ternary Ethylene–Propylene Rubber on the Structural and Dynamic State of Blends with Chlorosulphonated Polyethylene
Authors: Sukhanov P.P. , Perukhin M.Yu. , Arkhireev V.P.
Published: September 2018

NMR relaxometry showed that, in spite of its small proportion in the composition of the macrochain, corresponding to the “small additive” range (≤5 parts), the cyclic component has a considerable effect on the structural and dynamic state of ternary copolymeric ethylene–propylene rubber in a blend with chlorosulphonated polyethylene owing to the topochemical processes occurring during mixing of the polymers. The results obtained also indicate the most probable or stable centres of intermolecular interactions of a non-chemical nature that determine the short-range conformational order in the given blends.
Rheological Investigations of Weak Solutions of Copolymers of Styrene and Vinylpyridines
Authors: Usacheva T.S. , Karlyuk M.V. , Mitasova Yu.V. , Ageeva T.A. , Koifman O.I.
Published: September 2018

An investigation was made of the properties of weak solutions of polystyrene and copolymers of styrene with 2- and 4-vinylpyridine in toluene and dimethylformamide in the temperature range 20–35°C. The dependences of the intrinsic viscosity and the Huggins constants in the indicated temperature range were determined. The influence of the composition of the copolymers on the rheological properties of their solutions was shown, and the size of the macromolecular coils was estimated. The “quality” of the solvents was compared with the composition of the copolymers.
Mould Design Tailor Made for Water Injection Technology
Authors: Michaeli W. , Hopmann C. , Gründler M. , Neuß A.
Published: September 2018

Using the water injection technique, the part and mould design has a decisive influence on the hollow space formation and thus on the part quality. Only with a suitable design of the mould with regard to the gate and injector position and the part geometry can the WIT process be operated reproducibly, reliably, and thus economically. By using a modular test mould the influence of the design is systematically investigated and converted into useful design guidelines.
New Polymer Matrices for Chemical Optical Sensors
Authors: Baranov O.V. , Istratov V.V. , Vasnev V.A.
Published: September 2018

New comb-shaped polymers containing side polyoxyethylene blocks were synthesised. For the case of model compounds, the possibility of using the polymers obtained as matrices of chemical optical sensors was assessed. The influence of the length and number of block substituents on the swelling of the polymers in water was investigated. Almost 100% binding of the model compounds by the polymer matrix was observed, and also the practically complete absence of hydrolysis of the model compounds for 1 h. The conducted investigations showed the promise of using the polymers obtained as matrices for chemical optical sensors.
Investigating the Properties of Modified Epoxy-Containing Oligomers
Authors: Osipov P.V. , Osipchik V.S. , Smotrova S.A. , Tomil'chik A.Ya.
Published: September 2018

This work was devoted to the development of modified epoxy–phenol binders and reinforced plastics based on them (carbon-fibre-reinforced plastics). The composition of the binder was optimised using different types of modifier, and trial specimens of carbon-microfibre-reinforced plastics were manufactured. Their deformation and strength properties were investigated, and also the properties at the phase interface between binder and carbon fibre. It was shown that the use of the investigated modifiers makes it possible to increase the deformation and strength characteristics of the binders and of the carbon-fibre-reinforced plastics based on them.
Investigating the Fireproofing Properties of the Components of Low-Flammability Vibration-Damping Polymeric Material
Authors: Vagin S.Yu. , Vasin V.P. , Rudakova T.A. , Zdorikova G.A. , Ozerin A.N.
Published: September 2018

The results are given of work on creating a low-flammability vibration-damping material based on a non-drying sealant by using chlorinated butyl rubber and non-toxic fireproofing agents (aluminium and magnesium hydroxides) in the sealant composition. The possible chemical reactions during thermal action on the material and their role in the formation of coke residue are analysed. The prospects for practical use of the material are shown.
Structural Dynamic Analysis of Polymer Blends Containing Additives of Polyurethane Nature in Different Phase Aggregate States
Authors: Sukhanov P.P. , Perukhin M.Yu. , Arkhireev V.P.
Published: September 2018

A comparative analysis by the method of NMR relaxometry of the structural dynamic state of blends of chlorosulphonated polyethylene and ternary ethylene–propylene rubber, containing additives of polyurethane nature in the form of a liquid oligomer and a powder polymer filler, indicates their participation in chemical reactions and processes of phase formation that occur in three-component polymer composites as they are prepared.
Comparative Investigations of the Properties of Weak Solutions of Copolymers of Styrene and Methyl Acrylate
Authors: Usacheva T.S. , Nikolaeva O.I. , Zaitseva P.A. , Ageeva T.A. , Koifman O.I.
Published: September 2018

Rheological investigations were conducted on solutions of copolymers of styrene and methyl acrylate in toluene in the temperature range 20–35°C. The influence of the temperature, molecular weight, and composition of the copolymers on their interaction with solvent was shown, expressed quantitatively in terms of the parameters of intrinsic viscosity, the Huggins constant, and the mean square distance between the chain ends.
Competing Processes Occurring at Different Stages of the Thermolysis of Poly(Arylate-Arylene Sulphonoxide) Block Copolymers
Authors: Shelgaev V.N. , Gazaev M.M. , Zaikov G.E. , Shabaev A.S. , Gokzhaev M.B. , Mikitaev A.K.
Published: September 2018

An investigation was made of the thermolysis of poly(arylate-arylene sulphonoxides) containing different amounts of oligoarylene sulphonoxide blocks in a wide temperature range in open and closed systems. It was established that, at relatively low temperatures, the main process of their transformation is structure formation of the polymer; at elevated temperatures (above 400°C), degradation processes predominate over structure formation. It was established that structure formation can be used as a method for increasing the thermal stability of the polymers investigated.
The Use of Raman Scattering Spectroscopy in the Study of Polymers
Authors: Tikhomirov S.V.
Published: September 2018

Modern Raman scattering spectroscopy is a powerful means of non-destructive investigation of polymers in any form: granules, powders, and end products.
New Plasticisers for Polyvinyl Chloride
Authors: Sadieva N.F. , Iskenderova S.A. , Zeinalov E.B. , Agaev B.K.
Published: September 2018

An examination is made of a method for producing symmetric 1,4-butanediol esters in the presence of catalyst titanium nanodioxide of grade R-25 with a surface area of 140.9 m2/g and a particle size of 25 nm by the esterification of 1,4-butanediol with aliphatic fatty acids. The esters obtained have been tested as a plasticiser for polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Influence of the Nature of the Synthanes and Emulsifiers on the Adhesion of Latex Polymers to Leather. Part 1
Authors: Blieva M.V.
Published: September 2018

An examination is made of the influence of synthetic tanning agents (synthanes) and emulsifiers on the adhesion properties of latex films when they are used in the production of fibroporous polymer composites.
Structure and Properties of Mixtures of Phthalocyanine Pigment and Di-Para-Methyldibenzylidene-Sorbitol with Isotactic Polypropylene
Authors: Pankrashkin A.V. , Chalykh A.E. , Matveev V.V. , Ivanov A.N. , Kalugina E.V. , Ushakova O.B.
Published: September 2018

A study was made of the structure and properties of mixtures of phthalocyanine pigment (PCP) and di-paramethyldibenzylidene-sorbitol (MDBS) with isotactic polypropylene (PP). The similarity and difference in the mechanism of the nucleating effect of PCP by comparison with MDBS are shown. The effects of MDBS and PCP on the physicomechanical properties of modified PP are compared.
Influence of Processing Methods on the Structure and Properties of Composite Polymeric Materials
Authors: Fatoev I.I. , Sharipov M.S. , Mavlyanov Kh.N. , Yariev O.M.
Published: September 2018

The results of investigating the influence of processing methods on the structure and properties of composite polymeric materials are given. It has been established that the defectiveness of the structure of highly filled composite polymeric materials is closely tied with the inhomogeneity of the molecular weight characteristics of the polymer and with the non-uniformity of distribution of the filler particles in morphological zones of the article, and may be attributed to the difference in the moulding conditions of the material in the mould cross-section.
Functionally Substituted 3-Cyclohexene-1-Carboxylic Acid Esters as Plasticisers/Modifiers for Epoxy Resins
Authors: Kerimov A.Kh. , Dzhafarova E.S. , Orudzhova A.T.
Published: September 2018

Functionally substituted mono-, di-, and polyesters of 3-cyclohexene series acids were synthesised, and their effectiveness as plasticisers/modifiers for epoxy composites based on ED-20 epoxy–bisphenol A resin was studied.
New Aspects of the Mechanism of Oxidative Polymerisation of Aniline
Authors: Mezhuev Ya.O. , Korshak Yu.V. , Shtil'man M.I. , Koledenkov A.A. , Ustinova M.S.
Published: September 2018

On the basis of potentiometric investigations of the kinetics, a new mechanism of aniline polymerisation is proposed, including the formation of a charge-transfer complex with the participation of the monomer; also, a kinetic model is constructed and some of its parameters are evaluated.
Ir Spectroscopic Study of Water Sorbed by Polymers of Different Polarity
Authors: Gud' V.N. , Kolupaev B.S.
Published: September 2018

On the basis of the differential spectra of systems, an analysis was made of the state of water in polymers of different polarity. It was shown that water sorption by polymers is accompanied with change in the mobility of structural elements of the macromolecules.
The Influence of the Nature of the Synthanes and Emulsifiers on the Adhesion of Latex Polymers to Leather. Part 2
Authors: Blieva M.V.
Published: September 2018

An examination is made of the influence of synthetic tanning agents and emulsifiers on the adhesion properties of latex films when used in the production of fibrous porous polymer composites.
The Laws Governing the Formation of Thermoplastic Matrices during the Chemical Forming of Continuously Reinforced Thermoplastics
Authors: Golovkin G.S. , Chalaya N.M.
Published: September 2018

The results of investigating technology of current interest, known as “chemical forming”, are set out. The laws governing the formation of matrices of reinforced thermoplastics during polymerisation of the initial monomers were studied. Several variants of the “glass fabric–polystyrene” model composition were investigated. The influence of lubricants, chemical components of the glass fibres, and the volume content of reinforcing fibres on the molecular weight of the polystyrene matrix was shown.
Controlling the Properties of Filled Epoxy Oligomers
Authors: Osipov P.V. , Osipchik V.S. , Smotrova S.A. , Savel'ev D.N.
Published: September 2018

This work is devoted to the development of highly effective polymer matrices (binders) based on modified epoxy oligomers for polymer composite materials. The processing, physicochemical, and physicomechanical properties of the developed epoxy composites were investigated, including the dynamic elastic modulus in bend E*, the strength properties (tensile strength, compression strength, shear strength, and bending strength), adhesion at the polymer–substrate boundary, and impact strength. It was shown that the developed composites have higher values of the above-mentioned characteristics than analogous unmodified composites. The developed composites can be used as binders for the production from polymer composite materials of engineering constructions and structures, including design units and elements of future aircraft and their models.
Investigating the Electret Properties of Expanded Polystyrene
Authors: Galikhanov M.F. , Dymova M.A. , Deberdeev R.Ya. , Muslimova A.A.
Published: September 2018

A study is made of processes of producing gas-filled polymer electrets and their properties. It is established that corona electrets based on expanded polystyrene have considerably higher characteristics than polystyrene electrets, and the causes of the behaviour patterns observed are explained. The optimum technology is chosen for producing gas-filled electret materials, consisting of the polarisation of sheets preheld in solvent, with their subsequent foaming. In this case, the values of the electret potential difference of the plastic foams are sufficient for their practical application.
Investigating the Influence of Polysulphide Oligomers in Oligoacrylate-Based Composites on the Structure Formation and the Properties of Photocurable Materials
Authors: Novakov I.A. , Chalykh A.E. , Nistratov A.V. , Frolova V.I. , Khasbuillin R.R. , Klimov V.V.
Published: September 2018

An investigation was made of the influence of polysulphide oligomers on the curing process and the structure and properties of materials based on photocurable composites. It was shown that the use of a polysulphide oligomer lowers the shrinkage and internal stresses in materials. It was established that the introduction of thiokol polysulphide into photocurable composites makes it possible to increase the elastic strength and deformation properties and the corrosion resistance of the materials.
Plasticisation of a Blend of Polypropylene with Acrylonitrile Rubber
Authors: Sugonyako D.V. , Zaikin A.E. , Bikmullin R.S.
Published: September 2018

A study was made of the effect of plasticisers on the properties of thermoplastic elastomers based on polypropylene and acrylonitrile rubber SKN-40. It was found that the plasticisers are distributed unevenly between components of the polymer network and according to their solubility in these polymers. The melting and crystallisation of polypropylene with change in temperature can cause redistribution of the plasticisers.
Polyethylene-Based Composites Filled with Aluminosilicate
Authors: Shostak T.S. , Budash Yu.A. , Pakharenko V.V. , Stashkevich I.A. , Fedoriv U.V. , Pakharenko V.A.
Published: September 2018

It was established that, as a result of mixing low-density polyethylene and aluminosilicate, there is a change in the geometric parameters and in the size and shape distribution of the dispersed phase particles, which may be the consequence of their aggregation. For the composites investigated, there is an increase in the proportion of particles of smallest size and of lower anisotropy than in the initial filler. This may indicate the mechanical breakdown of the filler particles as a result of mixing with the polymer. The surface activity of the aluminosilicate particles during the crystallisation of polyethylene in the production of composite films was shown. The laws governing change in the physicomechanical characteristics of the filled composite films with increase in the filler concentration and their relationship with structural changes in the films were established.
Investigation of the Possibility of Developing Nanosilver-Containing Synthetic Fibres and Strands with Prolonged Bioactivity
Authors: Arishina I.V. , Rodionova T.E. , Annenkova N.G. , Sosin A.N. , Andreeva T.I.
Published: September 2018

The results of investigating composite materials based on polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate that contain different bioactive silver-containing additives developed for the production of bioactive synthetic fibres are presented. Investigations of the migration of silver from polymer fibre materials into water showed that the lowest silver concentration in aqueous abstracts is observed when cluster nanosilver is used as the bioactive additive, which provides the fibre with prolonged bioactivity at low toxicity.
Producing Peroxide–Ammonia Cellulose from Wood Waste
Authors: Efanov M.V. , Dudkin D.V.
Published: September 2018

The oxidation of wood by hydrogen peroxide in aqueous ammonia was studied in order to develop a method for producing cellulose and nitrogen-containing lignohumate fertilisers. Cellulose (in ≤54.6% yield) containing up to 1.1% lignin and liquor containing nitrogen-containing lignin compounds were obtained.
The Possibility of Predicting Prolongation of the Pharmacological Action of Biologically Active Polymeric Substances
Authors: Shal'nova L.I. , Lavrov N.A. , Nikolaev A.F.
Published: September 2018

The physicochemical properties and the formation, stability, and dissociation constants of complexes of poly acids with organic bases possessing physiological activity were determined by methods of potentiometric titration, conductometry, and equilibrium dialysis, and by biological methods. The relationship between the level of physicochemical characteristics of complexes and the possibility of predicting the prolonged pharmacological (antimicrobial, anaesthetising) action of physiologically active substances in complexes with polymers was established.
Plastic Foams Based on Novolac Phenol–Formaldehyde Composites Modified with Oligoethers
Authors: Dvorko I.M. , Mokhov M.V.
Published: September 2018

The results of investigating the properties of plastic foams based on novolac phenol–formaldehyde powder composites modified with oligoethers with terminal hydroxyl or epoxy groups are presented.
Investigation of the Temperature Dependences of the Resistance of Crosslinked Polyethylene Matrices to Tearing by a Reinforcing Element
Authors: Kovriga V.V. , Pyatin I.N. , Samoilov S.V. , Pendik S.S. , Sergeev V.I.
Published: September 2018

A method is described for determining the temperature dependence of resistance to tearing by a reinforcing element in a single experiment.
The Rheokinetic Laws Governing the Curing of a Compound Based on a Chlorine-Containing Epoxy Oligomer
Authors: Sidorov O.I. , Milekhin Yu.M. , Merkulov V.M. , Sidorova N.I. , Zhurba A.A.
Published: September 2018

The influence of the components of a compound based on a chlorine-containing epoxy oligomer on the rheokinetic laws governing its curing was investigated. It was established that the filler slows down the curing of the compound. The constants of the processes of viscous flow and curing of the compound were determined.
Cold-Anhydride-Curing Epoxy Composites Based on Ed-20
Authors: Shved E.N. , Sinel'nikova M.A. , Bespal'ko Yu.N. , Oleinik N.M. , Karas' A.V. , Kolodina L.A. , Zatirka A.N.
Published: September 2018

Kinetic investigations were conducted on the anhydride curing of epoxy resin ED-20 in the presence of complexes of amines with boron trifluoride in the temperature range 30–120°C. The influence of the structure of the reactants and temperature on the rate of the process was assessed. The given series of catalysts makes it possible to obtain articles based on ED-20 with improved service characteristics.
The Thermal Oxidation of Polypropylene–Octene-1 Copolymers Synthesised Using a Highly Effective Metallocene Catalyst
Authors: Monakhova T.V. , Nedorezova P.M. , Klyamkina A.N. , Chapurina A.V. , Popov A.A. , Shibryaeva L.S.
Published: September 2018

This work is devoted to a study of the properties of copolymers of polypropylene with a content of octene units of 1.5–8.4 mol%. A study was made of the kinetics of oxidation of nascent specimens of polypropylene and its copolymers with octene at temperatures of 90–130°C. At all temperatures, both the oxidation rates and the induction periods of oxidation depend extremally on the composition of the copolymer. It seems that the observed effects are connected with change in the chemical or physical structure of the amorphous regions.
Prediction of the Ageing of Polymer Composites with Improved Dielectric Characteristics
Authors: Rodionov N.N.
Published: September 2018

Methods of accelerated ageing of polymer composites are compared. The effect of microwave radiation on polymeric materials with improved dielectric characteristics is examined.
Applying the Calvert–Billingham Model to Predict the Kinetics of Desorption of Ingredients from Polymers
Authors: Dedov A.V. , Stolyarov V.P. , Nazarov V.G.
Published: September 2018

The possibilities of the previously developed Calvert–Billingham model, intended for predicting the evaporation rate of stabilisers from polyolefins, have been expanded. The possibility of applying the improved model for predicting the kinetics of desorption of plasticisers from polyvinyl chloride has been substantiated, and also the extraction rate and migration rate of different ingredients from polymers differing in chemical nature. The possibility of exclusion from the equation of the model of calculated coefficients that require correction depending on the service conditions of the polymer has been substantiated.
The Development of Fire-Resistant Plasticised Polyvinyl Chloride
Authors: Vindizheva A.S. , Sapaev Kh.Kh. , Musov I.V. , Khashirova S.Yu. , Ligidov M.Kh. , Mikitaev A.K.
Published: September 2018

A study was made of the influence of organic clay and its mixture with magnesium hydroxide on the processing properties and flammability of plasticised PVC of grade I40-13A.
The Effect of Ethyl Silicate on the Adhesion Strength of Ethylene Copolymers
Authors: Rusanova S.N. , Yanaeva A.O. , Stoyanov O.V. , Shcherbina A.A. , Chalykh A.E. , Gerasimov V.K.
Published: September 2018

The effect of ethyl silicate on the strength of adhesion between modified polymer and steel was studied for binary and ternary acetate and acrylate copolymers of ethylene.
The Effect of Nano Titanium Dioxide on the Physicomechanical Properties and Heat Ageing of Low-Density Polyethylene
Authors: Zeinalov E.B. , Guseinova Z.N. , Ishchenko N.Ya. , Agaev B.K. , Kabetkina Yu.P.
Published: September 2018

An examination was made of the effect of titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2, “Showa Denko”) on the physicomechanical properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE). It was established that LDPE specimens filled with industrial titanium dioxide TiO2 of micron size and with nano-TiO2 “Showa Denko” exhibit different physicomechanical properties after composite preparation and thermooxidative ageing. In spite of a certain reduction in strength and elasticity after milling and pressing, the composite material containing nanopigment exhibits higher heat ageing resistance than material containing standard industrial titanium dioxide.
Polyurethane Films with Antimicrobial Properties, Intended for the Development of Coatings Preventing Catheter-Associated Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Zhukova E.E. , Shtil'man M.I. , Iordanskii A.L. , Biber B.L. , Gorshkov A.V.
Published: September 2018

An investigation was made of the production and properties of a system based on polyurethane of grade Elastollan 1154 D (BASF, West Germany) (PU) containing antiseptic chlorhexidine (1,6-di-(p-chlorophenyl-guanido)-hexane) (CH), intended for the development of an antimicrobial coating for catheters. It was shown that the release of CH into water from PU films of 70 μm thickness occurs over a period of 70–190 h, depending on the quantity of CH introduced. The obtained data on the release of CH were correlated with data on the antimicrobial activity of films, assessed by the modified Kirby–Bauer test. For the series of obtained systems, antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (golden staph) was retained for 15 days.
The Moisture Sorption and Mechanical Behaviour in a Humid Atmosphere of Polyurethane Urea with Mixed Polar and Non-Polar Flexible Blocks
Authors: Tereshatov V.V. , Makarova M.A. , Gladkova O.A. , Strel'nikov V.N. , Volkova E.R.
Published: September 2018

The laws governing the influence of mixed polar and non-polar flexible blocks on the moisture absorption and physicomechanical properties of polyurethane urea were studied, and the relative ratio of these blocks that ensures increased moisture resistance of the material was established.
Thermophysical Properties of a Polyolefin Composite
Authors: Guseinova Z.N.
Published: September 2018

This work was devoted to the production of a polyethylene– polypropylene composite modified with different rubbers – butadiene–styrene rubber, butadiene–acrylonitrile rubber, butyl rubber – in the presence of selenium. It was shown that the obtained composite possesses high thermophysical properties. During processing, there were no significant changes in the structure of the polymer.
Investigating the Solid-State Alkaline Deacetylation of Polyvinyl Acetate by Exposure to Pressure and Shear Strains
Authors: Lesnyakova L.V. , Chernyshenko A.O. , Akopova T.A. , Vladimirov L.V. , Vikhoreva G.A. , Zelenetskii A.N. , Gal'braikh L.S.
Published: September 2018

By exposure to shear strains in solid phase, polyvinyl alcohol was obtained from polyvinyl acetate. The reaction mixture of solid NaOH and polyvinyl acetate was subjected to the combined action of pressure and shear strains in an extruder. The obtained products were characterised by their composition, solubility, molecular weight, and thermal properties. The influence of the amount of NaOH introduced and the use of a less alkaline reagent on the composition of the obtained products was investigated.
Optimising the Process of Neutralising Acrylate-Production Mother Liquor
Authors: Ramazanov K.R. , Afonin A.V.
Published: September 2018

The effect of the temperature of the exothermic reaction of the neutralisation by gaseous ammonia of acrylate-production mother liquor on the physical state of the high-molecular-weight sulphonated organic matter was studied on a pilot and on an industrial unit. The established optimum conditions for processing acrylate-production mother liquor by means of neutralisation using gaseous ammonia (maximum temperature 90°C, pH 4.2-5.5) have been introduced into ammonium sulphate production, making it possible to avoid “ageing” of the high-molecular-weight sulphonated organic matter with transition into the suspended state, and to prevent technological difficulties.
Analysis of Ir Spectra of Aromatic Polyamines
Authors: Mezhuev Ya.O. , Korshak Yu.V. , Shtil'man M.I. , Osadchenko S.V. , Salop M.A.
Published: September 2018

IR spectroscopy was used to investigate the structure of polyaniline, poly(2-methoxyaniline), polyanthranilic acid, and poly(N-ethylaniline). Absorption bands were assigned to the corresponding groups. The existence of a number of characteristic absorption bands of aromatic polyamines was shown.
Calculating the Geometric Parameters of Articles Produced by Free Thermoforming in Apertures of Arbitrary Shape
Authors: Sheryshev A.E. , Sheryshev M.A.
Published: September 2018

An examination is made of the free thermoforming of articles for which more stringent requirements are specified with respect to optical properties. For articles formed in apertures of complex configuration, an analytical variant is proposed for calculating their geometric parameters, based on conformal transformation methods.
The Degradation of Materials Based on Low-Density Polyethylene and Natural Fillers
Authors: Pantyukhov P.V. , Khvatov A.V. , Monakhova T.V. , Popov A.A. , Kolesnikova N.N.
Published: September 2018

An investigation was made of the process of thermal degradation of blended composites based on low-density polyethylene with different natural fillers. The different effects of additives of dissimilar nature on the kinetic parameters of thermal oxidation, the deformation, the thermal degradation, and the water absorption of composites were established.
Protection of Textile Materials against Biodamage. Immobilisation of Oligohexamethylene Guanidine Hydrochloride on the Surface of Fibres
Authors: Rodlovskaya E.N. , Izmailov B.A. , Vasnev V.A. , Mishina E.S.
Published: September 2018

A method has been developed for producing chemically modified fibre materials containing, on their surface, covalently fixed, micro/nanosized organosiloxane coatings with oligohexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride groups. The possibilities are shown of their practical use for protecting materials against biodamage by gram-positive and gram-negative microflora and insects (Ceratophaga).
The Dielectric Properties of Polymer Composites Based on Nitrile–Butadiene Rubber Skn-26 and Polyvinyl Chloride and Containing Nanosized Particles
Authors: Kumykov T.S. , Karmov M.A. , Nafonova M.N. , Tkhakakhov R.B. , Kunizhev B.I. , Karamurzov B.S.
Published: September 2018

An investigation was made of the dependence of the dielectric loss tangent and dielectric permittivity of polymer blends based on nitrile–butadiene rubber SKN-26 and polyvinyl chloride and modified with nanosized aluminium oxide and carbon black particles in different concentrations.
Comparative Assessment of the Possibility of Using Gel Fraction and Network Density Indices to Characterise the Degree of Crosslinking and the Service Properties of Radiation-Crosslinked Polyethylene for Cable Insulation
Authors: Lyamkin D.I. , Skroznikov S.V. , Zhemerikin A.N. , Kobets A.V. , Cherkashin P.A. , Cherepennikov S.V.
Published: September 2018

An investigation was made of the influence of the conditions of radiation crosslinking on the network density and mechanical properties of crosslinked polyethylene (XPE) at high temperatures. The optimum electron radiator generator current and speed of cable drawing that ensure the maximum network density were found. It was shown that the gel fraction does not fully characterise the degree of crosslinking and the mechanical properties of XPE.
Investigating the Modifying Properties of Certain Conjugated Unsaturated Esters
Authors: Veliev M.G. , Guseinova Z.N. , Ishchenko N.Ya. , Shatirova M.I. , Ibragimova A.I.
Published: September 2018

Synthesised unsaturated esters are used as modifiers of polyethylene and epoxy resin, and it has been established that in this case the thermal characteristics of composites based on them are increased.
Processes of Relaxation and Failure in Composites with a Nanostructural Morphology
Authors: Tkhakakhov R.B. , Karamurzov B.S. , Tkhakakhov E.R. , Pshikhachev A.G.
Published: September 2018

A study was made of processes of relaxation and failure in composites based on a polymer blend of nitrile–butadiene rubber SKN-26 and polyvinyl chloride with different ratios of the components and different concentrations of carbon black filler. The structure and the strength, mechanical, and surface properties of the composites under different temperature conditions were investigated.
New Epoxy Composites Based on Potassium Polytitanates
Authors: Mostovoi A.S. , Plakunova E.V. , Panova L.G.
Published: September 2018

The possibility of using polytitanates as fillers was studied. The conducted tests showed the possibility of controlling the structure formation processes and properties of an epoxy composite by introducing small additions of potassium polytitanates.
Water-Repellent Graft Organosiloxane Coatings with Dodecylalkenyl Sulphide Groups on the Surface of Fibrous Materials
Authors: Rodlovskaya E.N. , Izmailov B.A. , Vasnev V.A. , Baranov O.V. , Yambulatova O.V. , Mishina E.S.
Published: September 2018

A method has been developed for the layer molecular assembly of graft organosiloxane coatings with dodecylalkenyl sulphide groups on the surface of fibres of textile materials. The possibilities of their practical use for the water-repellency finishing of textile materials are shown.
The Effect of Mineral Fillers on the Processability and Physicomechanical Properties of Modified Polyethylene
Authors: Shikhaliev K.S. , Musaeva A.Yu.
Published: September 2018

The aim of this study was to improve the processability and to investigate the resistance of polyethylene to thermal oxidation in the presence of different mineral fillers. It was shown that the presence in crosslinked polyethylene of 5-10 parts aluminium powder promotes a 2-3-fold increase in thermal oxidation resistance by comparison with unfilled polyethylene.
The Elastic Hysteresis Properties of Dynamic Thermoplastic Elastomers Modified with a Nanofiller
Authors: Vol'fson S.I. , Okhotina N.A. , Nigmatullina A.I. , Sabirov R.K. , Kuznetsova O.A. , Akhmerova L.Z.
Published: September 2018

The elastic hysteresis properties of dynamic thermoplastic elastomers based on nitrile butadiene rubber and polypropylene and modified with the nanofiller montmorillonite were assessed using an RPA polymer dynamic analyser.
Comparative Investigations of the Mechanical Characteristics of the Material of Endotracheal Tubes
Authors: Koledenkov A.A. , Zyukin S.V. , Dyatlov V.A.
Published: September 2018

Standard methods were used to investigate the physicomechanical characteristics of the main parts of endotracheal tubes produced by six leading world manufacturers. It was shown that the articles have statistically significant, substantial differences in the physicomechanical properties of their main working units: the main tube and the sleeve. The sleeve is the least strong part on which the functionality of the entire article depends. The best strength characteristics are possessed by the Curity sleeve, but at the same time the Curity main tube possesses practically no thermal plasticity. The Rush main tube possesses high thermal plasticity but has the least strong sleeve. Most balanced from the viewpoint of physicomechanical characteristics is the Portex tube. Having sufficient tube elasticity and strength, among the investigated tubes it has the highest thermal plasticity with minimum hardness at body temperature and a sleeve of high strength.
Targeted Control of the Structure and Properties of Polyethylene Containing Disperse Fillers
Authors: Egorova O.V. , Kadykova Yu.A. , Artemenko S.E.
Published: September 2018

A study was made of the possibility and effectiveness of using disperse production waste as filler for polyethylene. The obtained data demonstrate the expediency of using phenolic plastic and basalt wool waste for the filling of polyethylene, which makes it possible to increase the properties of polyethylene, reduce the cost of the finished articles, and reduce the ecological impact.
Reducing the Flammability of Nylon-6 by Introducing a Fireproofing Agent during the Anionic Polymerisation of ∊-Caprolactam
Authors: Ehsan Karimi Yazdi Amir , Avramenko V.L. , Ahmadi Shervin
Published: September 2018

The results of research on the introduction of a fireproofing agent – polyaminophosphate – during the anionic polymerisation of ∊-caprolactam are set out. It is shown that, under certain conditions, the polyaminophosphate can act as a catalyst, which leads to an increase in the degree of polymerisation and to a reduction in the content of residual monomer.
The Kinetics of Single-Electron Transfer from a Pyrrole Molecule to a Persulphate Ion
Authors: Piskareva A.I. , Korshak Yu.V. , Mezhuev Ya.O. , Shtil'man M.I.
Published: September 2018

An investigation was made of the kinetics of single-electron transfer from a pyrrole molecule to a peroxy disulphate ion in the initial period of oxidative polymerisation. It was shown that the reaction is second order, and the rate constants and activation energy of single-electron transfer were determined.
The Suspension Copolymerisation of Butyl Methacrylate with Methacrylic Acid in the Presence of a Copolymer of 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulphonic Acid of Different Composition
Authors: Klyuzhin E.S. , Molyavina A.A. , Gritskova I.A. , Levachev S.N.
Published: September 2018

An investigation was made of the influence of the composition of a copolymer of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid with methyl methacrylate (MMA) on the suspension copolymerisation of butyl methacrylate (BMA) with methacrylic acid (MAA) and the particle size distribution of the polymer formed. With increase in the content of methyl methacrylate units in the studied polymeric dispersing agent, an increase was observed in the degree of dispersion of the BMA–MAA suspension copolymer, accompanied with an increase in the content of highly dispersed fraction. Possible reasons for the observed results are discussed.
Noxtite high-temperature ACM and special silica Sidistar R with low surface area
Authors: Schmaucks G. , Aamodt A. , Freitag A. , Zoumis K.
Published: September 2018

Spherical particles of a Sidistar R silica type with a BET surface area of only 20 m2/g can be used to improve the processing behaviour of Noxtite HT-ACM based compounds without loss of physical properties or chemical resistance to meet the requirements of automotive applications. This silica can be added on top of existing formulations or it can replace some of the reinforcing filler without negative effect. Higher total filler levels are therefore possible, which is also an economic advantage. The addition of Sidistar R to Noxtite HT-ACM based formulations leads to a viscosity reduction, which should result in improved processing. Physical properties are comparable or even improved. Ageing, especially of white-filled compounds, is improved considerably.
The Influence of the Composition of Copolymers of Chlorophosphorus- and Silicon-Containing Methacrylates with a Vinyl Ester Resin on their Properties
Authors: Novakov I.A. , Bakhtina G.D. , Kochnov A.B. , Ustinova K.S. , Rudakova T.A.
Published: September 2018

The results of investigating the radical copolymerisation of epoxy vinyl ester styrene resin of grade DION 9300 with chlorophosphorus- and silicon-containing methacrylates and the influence of the composition of the copolymers on their properties are presented. It is shown that the copolymers possess reduced flammability and have heat resistance, hardness, and resistance to thermo-oxidative degradation at the levels of a polymer of unmodified vinyl ester resin, but have inferior water resistance.