bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of driver’s seat rigidity in the case of rear-end collisions using a virtual multibody model
Authors: Radu A I
Published: August 2021

The aim of the paper was to analyse the injury potential of the occupant in the case where the backrest of the seat had lower value than normal simulating a broken seat for a rear-end collision. The study was conducted using a virtual environment and a multibody model for the occupant. Two test scenarios were taken into account, a rear end collision at 50 km/h with the normal seat and the second where the seat had a lower rigidity value. The results of the simulation show that while the head acceleration values were similar, due to the “whiplash “phenomenon when the seat had a lower rigidity, the injury potential for the occupant was two times higher compared to the normal seat.
Kuka KR5 arc Welding Industrial Manipulator Workspace Modelling Based on Kinematics Study
Authors: Saadah A , Husi G
Published: August 2021

In this study Kuka KR5 arc industrial manipulator was study using Denavait Hartenberg (DH) parameters representation and homogeneous matrix in order to obtain the transformation matrix for six degree of freedom articulated robot using MATLAB. The workspace of Kuka robot can be deduce by computing the transformation matrix with each motor workspace range. finally, the study in this paper allows us to control the manipulator in order to achieve any wanted orientation and position.
Research of the influence of axial displacement on the wear of hob milling tools
Authors: Sovilj B , Sovilj-Nikić I , Sovilj-Nikić S , Blanuša V
Published: August 2021

The need to increase productivity and cost-effectiveness of gear cutting of cylindrical gears with oblique teeth creates favorable conditions for the development of research in the field of tribology and the increasing application of tribological knowledge in industrial practice. Improving the gear cutting process by hob milling is important and useful for both gear manufacturers and hob milling tools manufacturers. Increasing productivity and increasing of the quality of serration are the basic directions of improving the process of gear cutting by hob milling. Technological parameters significantly affect the wear of cutters and taking into account the parameters for defining the economy of the process affect the achievement of optimal parameters of the cutting regimes. Based on experimental research, the paper presents an analysis of the influence of axial displacement, as one of the technological parameters, on the wear of hob milling tools in the gear cutting of cylindrical gears with oblique teeth.
Research on the biomechanical behavior of dental implants
Authors: Rohan A , Baritz M
Published: August 2021

As shown in a large series of researches, dental implants are generally made of titanium because this material allows a stable and functional connection between the bone and the contact surface of the implant. From the point of view of the mechanical behavior of dental implants, it was found that too large or incorrectly directed forces developed in the mastication process can change these connections at the same time as affecting the osseointegration process, compromising the stability of the implant. That is why modelling the behavior of dental implants represents a pre-analysis solution to understand the effect of the correct development of the mastication process. In the first part of the paper a series of researches are presented and their results regarding the importance and effect of the dimensions of dental implants on their behavior. The second part of the paper presents the analysis scheme on dental implants and establishes the procedures for making the 3D model with convertible properties compared to the real implant. The third part of the paper mentions some aspects related to the design of the experimental installation and the design of dental implant testing procedures. The final part of the paper presents the observations and conclusions of this approach of developing a system for behavioral analysis of dental implants.
Stripping of plated plastic materials
Authors: Ilea S , Veres R
Published: August 2021

Many of the nowadays materials used in the large sectors of industry are resuming to the plastics. A first hand competitor of the metals, plastics are more and more suitable for many kind of applications due to their improved characteristics, being also more simple to process and also being more cost effective. Starting from automotive sector going through mass industry and finishing in the medical devices sectors, plastic have been proved as efficient materials, taking into account a more supple finishing without sacrificing the utility and endurance of it. In this paper we are presenting the stripping of the plating that can be done to refurbish plastic waste that may occur in the automotive industry.
Promoting the physical and the mechanical properties of concrete using nano and waste materials
Authors: Abdel Ghafaar Ahmed A. , Faried Ahmed S. , Mokhtar M. , Morsy M. , Osman Khaled M.
Published: August 2021

the industry of producing Portland cement concrete (PCC) depends on Portland cement (PC) as a major element. One of the main usages of the PCC is producing concrete members. The use of waste materials in concrete manufacture could be useful to improve the properties of concrete and reduce production costs by replacing the Cementous material with waste materials. Researchers had invested efforts in investigating the effect of using nanomaterials as an add-on to the concrete mixture on the mechanical properties of concrete. As a result, it was concluded that nanomaterials have a considerable impact on promoting the compressive and flexural strength of the PCC. This research illustrates the effect of utilizing nanomaterials, as an add-on to the concrete mixture, combined with using waste materials, as a replacement to PC, to improve the mechanical properties of plain concrete with different types of materials in different dosages. The experimental part has been carried out by using waste materials and nano-based material. The used waste materials were ceramic waste (CW), and marble powder (MP). The nano-based materials that were used were Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) and Graphene oxide (GO). The results were compared in terms of compressive strength and flexure strength to the control concrete mix. These tests aim to investigate the impact of the modified mixtures on the mechanical properties after elapsing 7 and 28 days to obtain the maximum partial replacement percentage of cement with waste and nano-based materials. It could be concluded that using CW and MP combined with either CNTs or GO could be effectively utilized as a replacement of cement in PCC.
Magnetic field induced multichannel tunable filter properties of photonic band gap materials
Authors: Aly Arafa H , Awasthi Suneet K , Mohamed Asmaa M , Sabra Walied , Mobarak M , Matar Z.S. , Shalaby A S
Published: August 2021

we have explored the tunable multichannel characteristics of one-dimensional (1D) plasma photonic structure in presence of static magnetic field applied externally parallel and anti-parallel to the direction of propagation under normal incidence. We have theoretically examined the transmission characteristics of the binary photonic design consisting of alternate layers of CaF2and magnetic cold plasma layers by means of transfer matrix method (TMM) which is amongst the one of the popular techniques for simulating 1D multilayer periodic structures based on MATLAB. The proposed structure possessN-1number of distinct transmission peaks, each of unit transmission called as transmission channels in transmission spectra for given the number of periodsN> 1. In this study N varies from 2 to 6 in steps of 1 to get 1 to 5 transmission channels respectively. Further we have also investigated how these transmission channels can be repositioned inside PBG by applying the static magnetic field (B) externally under right hand polarization (RHP) and lift hand polarization (LHP) configurations for givenNat B = 0T, 0.02T, 0.04T and 0.06T. The reason behind the existence of these transmission channels is due to the superposition of evanescent and propagating waves inside plasma and dielectric layers respectively. The existence of these transmission channels inside PBG is different from the transmission bands which are formed due to the interference of forward and backward propagating waves. Besides this the tuning sense of the transmission channels at fixed B applied parallel or anti parallel to direction of periodicity, by changing the angle of incidence corresponding to TE and TM polarization case has also been examined to get some more useful and interesting tunable multichannel characteristics of the current design which cannot be obtained in conventional PPCs.
Hopping frequency and conductivity relaxation of promising chalcogenides: AC conductivity and dielectric relaxation approaches
Authors: Ojha Swarupa , Ali Mir Sahidul , Roy Madhab , Bhattacharya Sanjib
Published: August 2021

Ag2S doped chalcogenide glassy systems have been characterised on the basis of AC conductivity and electric modulus formalism. Various nanophases such as Ag2Se, Te0.5 Se3.5 etc. and dislocation (defects) have been identified and their roles in the conduction process have been established. XRD analysis provides that incorporation of more Ag2S content in the present system should play important role to enhance the dislocation and to decrease the crystallite sizes. The Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) confirm the characteristic vibration of Ag–S at 500–650 cm−1, stretching vibrations of the O–H bond near 3400 cm−1 and bending vibrations of the adsorbed H2O molecules on the surface of Ag2S near 1600 cm−1. Composition dependent optical phonon frequency (ν0) and Debye temperature (θ
D) have been estimated from FT-IR and it is noteworthy that θ
D increases with Ag2S content in the compositions up to x = 0.1, but decreases for x = 0.2. This result suggests higher kinetic energy of the constituent atoms/molecules, which may refer to higher electrical conductivity due to polaron hopping. Correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model in its modified version has been found most suitable model to explore the conduction mechanism. Short time relaxation process may be considered to be trivially associated with conduction of polaron. universal scaling approach proposed by Ghosh and Pan has been adopted to interpret electrical relaxation process from time-temperature superposition principle. AC conductivity spectra at various temperatures exhibit a perfect overlap into a single master curve. This feature must be an indication of the temperature independent relaxation process. On the other hand, conductivity spectra of all the compositions at a particular temperature do not exhibit perfect overlapping into a single master curve. This result indicates that the relaxation dynamics of charge carriers (polarons) is strongly dependent on compositions.
Evaluation of Perampanel in the Presence of its Degradation Products and Process-Related Impurities by Validated Stability-Indicating Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method
Authors: Varghese Susheel John , Mohanakishore G , Ravi Thengungal Kochupappy
Published: August 2021

A novel stability-indicating isocratic reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the quantitative determination of perampanel in the presence of degradation products and its process-related impurities. Good resolution was achieved between the peaks corresponding to process-related impurities and degradation products from the analyte using Shim-pack GIST C18 column with mobile phase, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 2.5; 30 mM)-acetonitrile (45: 55, v/v) at a wavelength of 294 nm. Perampanel and its impurities were well-separated within a run time of 7 min. To show the stability-indicating power of the method, forced degradation studies were performed on bulk samples of perampanel as per ICH prescribed stress condition using acid, base, hydrolytic, oxidative and photolytic degradation conditions. The degradation products were resolved from main peak and its impurities. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision and robustness. This method was also applied for assay and related substances determination of perampanel in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.
Relapsing minimal change disease superimposed on late-onset p.N215S Fabry nephropathy
Authors: Salerno Fabio R , Roggero Letizia , Rossi Federica , Binaggia Agnese , Bertoli Silvio , Pieruzzi Federico
Published: August 2021

We present the case of a 76-year-old man with late-onset Fabry disease caused by the p.N215S missense mutation, with Fabry cardiomyopathy and nephropathy. In this case, the diagnosis of Fabry disease was incidental and followed minimal change disease (MCD) onset, with nephrotic syndrome and acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy. Fabry nephropathy associated with the p.N215S mutation is becoming increasingly recognized among older patients. The importance of electron microscopy is herein highlighted and histological features common to Fabry nephropathy and MCD are discussed, along with the challenges associated with the diagnosis and clinical management.
Humoral response to a third injection of BNT162b2 vaccine in patients on maintenance haemodialysis
Authors: Dekervel Marine , Henry Nicolas , Torreggiani Massimo , Pouteau Lise-Marie , Imiela Jean-Paul , Mellaza Chloé , Garnier Anne-Sophie , Dujardin Amaury , Asfar Marine , Ducancelle Alexandra , Paquin Axelle , Blanchi Sophie , Besson Virginie , Piccoli Giorgina Barbara , Augusto Jean-François
Published: August 2021

Background

Humoral response against sudden acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) after two doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) has been proven to be less intense in maintenance dialysis patients as compared with healthy subjects, leading the French authorities to recommend a third injection in this population. Here we investigated the response to the third injection in two cohorts of haemodialysis (HD) patients.

Methods

Data from two prospective observational cohorts were collected. In the first (‘systematic’) cohort, patients from two HD centres (n = 66) received a third injection of BNT162b2, regardless of the response after two injections. In the second (‘conditional’) cohort, the injection was only prescribed to patients (n = 34) with no or low response to the previous two doses. In both cohorts, the third dose was injected 1–2 months after the second dose. Serology was performed after the second and third doses to assess anti-Spike immunoglobulin G (S IgG) antibody titre.

Results

In the systematic cohort, anti-S IgG was found in 83.3 and 92.4% of patients after the second and third doses of BNT162b2, respectively. In this cohort, 6/11 (54.5%) and 20/21 (95.2%) patients switched from non-responder to low responder and from low responder to high responder, respectively. In low and high responders to two doses, 50/55 (90.9%) at least doubled their anti-S IgG titre. Similar trends were observed in the conditional cohort.

Conclusions

In maintenance HD patients, humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 was boosted after a third dose of BNT162b2, allowing seroconversion in more than half of non-responders. These data may support an intensified vaccination protocol with a third dose of BNT162b2 in dialysis patients.
A Self-Tallying Electronic Voting Based on Blockchain
Authors: Zeng Gongxian , He Meiqi , Yiu Siu Ming , Huang Zhengan
Published: August 2021

Electronic voting (e-voting) has been studied for many years. Recently, researchers find that blockchain can provide an alternative secure platform for e-voting systems, because of its properties of tamper resistance and transparency. However, existing blockchain-based schemes either require central authorities to tally ballots or can only handle a limited number of voters. This paper tries to propose a self-tallying e-voting system, i.e. the public can verify the validity of all ballots and tally the ballots without a centralized authority. To achieve this goal, we solve two challenges, namely how to cancel out all random numbers used for ballots and to prove the validity of ballots using a non-interactive zero knowledge proof. Our scheme is proved to be secure and shown to be practical by experiments.
Risk prediction in patients with COVID-19 based on haemodynamic assessment of left and right ventricular function
Authors: Taieb Philippe , Szekely Yishay , Lupu Lior , Ghantous Eihab , Borohovitz Ariel , Sadon Sapir , Lichter Yael , Ben-Gal Yanai , Banai Ariel , Hochstadt Aviram , Merdler Ilan , Sapir Orly , Granot Yoav , Laufer-Perl Michal , Banai Shmuel , Topilsky Yan
Published: August 2021

Aims

Cardiovascular involvement is common in COVID-19. We sought to describe the haemodynamic profiles of hospitalized COVID-19 patients and determine their association with mortality.

Methods and results

Consecutive hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection underwent clinical evaluation using the Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) and a full non-invasive echocardiographic haemodynamic evaluation, irrespective of clinical indication, as part of a prospective predefined protocol. Patients were stratified based on filling pressure and output into four groups. Multivariable Cox-Hazard analyses determined the association between haemodynamic parameters with mortality. Among 531 consecutive patients, 44% of patients had normal left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) haemodynamic status. In contrast to LV haemodynamic parameters, RV parameters worsened with higher MEWS stage. While RV parameters did not have incremental risk prediction value above MEWS, LV stroke volume index, E/e′ ratio, and LV stroke work index were all independent predictors of outcome, particularly in severe disease. Patients with LV or RV with high filling pressure and low output had the worse outcome, and patients with normal haemodynamics had the best (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

In hospitalized patients with COVID-19, almost half have normal left and right haemodynamics at presentation. RV but not LV haemodynamics are related to easily obtainable clinical parameters. LV but not RV haemodynamics are independent predictors of mortality, mostly in patients with severe disease.
‘CandidatusChloroploca mongolica’ sp. nov. a new mesophilic filamentous anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium
Authors: Bryantseva Irina A , Grouzdev Denis S , Krutkina Maria S , Ashikhmin Aleksandr A , Kostrikina Nadezda A , Koziaeva Veronika V , Gorlenko Vladimir M
Published: August 2021

A mesophilic filamentous anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium, designated M50-1, was isolated from a microbial mat of the Chukhyn Nur soda lake (northeastern Mongolia) with salinity of 5−14 g/L and pH 8.0−9.3. The organism is a strictly anaerobic phototrophic bacterium, which required sulfide for phototrophic growth. The cells formed short undulate trichomes surrounded by a thin sheath and containing gas vesicles. Motility of the trichomes was not observed. The cells contained chlorosomes. The antenna pigments were bacteriochlorophyll d and β- and γ-carotenes. Analysis of the genome assembled from the metagenome of the enrichment culture revealed all the enzymes of the 3-hydroxypropionate bi-cycle for autotrophic CO2 assimilation. The genome also contained the genes encoding a type IV sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (sqrX). The organism had no nifHDBK genes, encoding the proteins of the nitrogenase complex responsible for dinitrogen fixation. The DNA G + C content was 58.6%. The values for in silico DNA‒DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity between M50-1 and a closely related bacterium ‘Ca. Chloroploca asiatica’ B7-9 containing bacteriochlorophyll c were 53.4% and 94.0%, respectively, which corresponds to interspecies differences. Classification of the filamentous anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium M50-1 as a new ‘Ca. Chloroploca’ species was proposed, with the species name ‘Candidatus Chloroploca mongolica’ sp. nov.
Involvement of RNA granule proteins in meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA
Authors: Xiao Hua , Vierling Michael M , Kennedy Rana F , Boone Erin C , Decker Logan M , Sy Victor T , Haynes Jackson B , Williams Michelle A , Shiu Patrick K T
Published: August 2021

In Neurospora crassa, expression from an unpaired gene is suppressed by a mechanism known as meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA (MSUD). MSUD utilizes common RNA interference (RNAi) factors to silence target mRNAs. Here, we report that Neurospora CAR-1 and CGH-1, homologs of two Caenorhabditis elegans RNA granule components, are involved in MSUD. These fungal proteins are found in the perinuclear region and P-bodies, much like their worm counterparts. They interact with components of the meiotic silencing complex (MSC), including the SMS-2 Argonaute. This is the first time MSUD has been linked to RNA granule proteins.
The dual inverse scaling and squaring algorithm for the matrix logarithm
Authors: Fasi Massimiliano , Iannazzo Bruno
Published: August 2021

The inverse scaling and squaring algorithm computes the logarithm of a square matrix $A$ by evaluating a rational approximant to the logarithm at the matrix $B:=A^{2^{-s}}$ for a suitable choice of $s$. We introduce a dual approach and approximate the logarithm of $B$ by solving the rational equation $r(X)=B$, where $r$ is a diagonal Padé approximant to the matrix exponential at $0$. This equation is solved by a substitution technique in the style of those developed by Fasi & Iannazzo (2020, Substitution algorithms for rational matrix equations. Elect. Trans. Num. Anal., 53, 500–521). The new method is tailored to the special structure of the diagonal Padé approximants to the exponential and in terms of computational cost is more efficient than the state-of-the-art inverse scaling and squaring algorithm.
Consumers as Naive Physicists: How Visual Entropy Cues Shift Temporal Focus and Influence Product Evaluations
Authors: Biliciler Gunes , Raghunathan Rajagopal , Ward Adrian F
Published: August 2021

Marketers often use images to promote their products. For example, an advertisement for kitchen tools might display the tools alongside various ingredients, or an advertisement for a bookstore might showcase pictures of the store’s interior. One underlying visual characteristic of such images is the degree of “entropy”—or disorder—in their content. Motivated by a fundamental principle from physics—namely, that entropy can only increase over time—the present research examines how entropy influences consumers’ judgments and decisions. Across two pilot studies and five experiments, we find that while high-entropy images shift consumers’ temporal focus to the past, low-entropy images shift their temporal focus to the future. These entropy-induced shifts in temporal focus influence consumers’ decisions. Specifically, consistent with the notion of “fit fluency,” we find that consumers evaluate past-related (e.g., vintage) products more favorably when they are accompanied by high-entropy images and future-related (e.g., futuristic) products more favorably when they are accompanied by low-entropy images. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of our findings.
Small bowel evisceration from vagina
Authors: Wan Hassan Wan Amir , Narasimhan Vignesh , Arachchi Asiri , Manolitsas Thomas , Teoh William
Published: August 2021

Vaginal evisceration is a rare condition where abdominal contents herniate through a vaginal wall defect. The estimated incidence is 0.032–1.2% after hysterectomy, trachelectomy or upper vaginectomy. We present a 78-year-old lady who developed vaginal evisceration 2 years after radical cystectomy and hysterectomy for bladder cancer. It is rare surgical emergency that requires prompt recognition and damage control with bowel reduction and packing. We discuss the initial management and surgical options for definitive repair.
Inguinal bladder hernia: a case report
Authors: Mejri Ramzi , Chaker Kays , Mokhtar Bibi , Rhouma Sami Ben , Nouira Yassine
Published: August 2021

Inguinal hernia is a common disorder that requires urgent and adequate surgical management. Multiple organs may be associated with inguinal hernias, but bladder involvement is rarely seen. The diagnosis is frequently done during surgery. It can be evoked before surgery when the patient presents with irritative and obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms. Retrograde urethrocystography or intravenous urography confirms the diagnosis. We report a case of inguinal hernia involving the bladder at the right side with a 72-year-old man. We performed a hernia repair after reintegration of the bladder.
Urine Organic Acid Analysis: Key Diagnostic Test for Fumaric Aciduria in a Sri Lankan Child
Authors: Jasinge Eresha , Fernando Mihika , Indika Neluwa-Liyanage R , Trunzo Roberta , Schröder Sabine , Vidanapathirana Dinesha Maduri , Jones Patricia M , Jayasena Subashini , Gunarathne Anusha Varuni , Ratnayake Pyara
Published: August 2021

Fumaric aciduria resulting from fumarate hydratase deficiency is a rare inherited disorder of the Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle that is characterized by neurologic manifestations, a spectrum of brain abnormalities, and the excretion of fumaric acid in urine. We describe a 3 year old Sri Lankan boy who was referred at age 10 months with poor weight gain and hypotonia for further laboratory investigations. In addition to global developmental delay, there were noticeable dysmorphic features with a prominent forehead, low-set ears, micrognathia, and hypertelorism with persistent neutropenia. Urine organic acid assay revealed a massive elevation of fumaric acid on 2 occasions. Molecular analysis revealed a homozygous likely pathogenic missense variant, NM000143.3:c.1048C>T p. (Arg350Trp), in the FH gene, confirming the biochemical diagnosis. Our patient was the first patient in Sri Lanka molecularly diagnosed with fumaric aciduria. This case study highlights the importance of performing organic acid assays in children presenting with neurologic manifestations especially when these are suspected to have a metabolic basis.
Defining the molecular features of radiation-induced glioma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Whitehouse Jacqueline P , Howlett Meegan , Federico Aniello , Kool Marcel , Endersby Raelene , Gottardo Nicholas G
Published: August 2021

Background

Cranial radiation therapy is essential in treating many pediatric cancers, especially brain tumors; however, its use comes with the risk of developing second malignancies. Cranial radiation-induced gliomas (RIGs) are aggressive high-grade tumors with a dismal prognosis, for which no standard therapy exists. A definitive molecular signature for RIGs has not yet been established. We sought to address this gap by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of the molecular features of cranial RIGs.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Articles and case reports that described molecular analyses of cranial radiation-induced high-grade gliomas were identified and evaluated, and data extracted for collation.

Results

Of 1727 records identified, 31 were eligible, containing 102 unique RIGs with molecular data. The most frequent genetic alterations in RIGs included PDGFRA or TP53 mutations, PDGFRA or CDK4 amplifications, and CDKN2A deletion, along with 1q gain, 1p loss and 13q loss. Of note, mutations in ACVR1, EGFR, H3F3A, HIST1H3B, HIST1H3C, IDH2, SMARCB1 or the TERT promoter were not observed. A comparative analysis revealed that RIGs are molecularly distinct from most other astrocytomas and gliomas and instead align most closely with the pedGBM_RTK1 subgroup of pediatric glioblastoma.

Conclusions

This comprehensive analysis highlights the major molecular features of RIGs, demonstrates their molecular distinction from many other astrocytomas and gliomas, and reveals potential genetic drivers and therapeutic targets for this currently fatal disease.
Endovascular Coil Embolization of a Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Darwal Maureen A , Hakma Zakaria , Binning Mandy J ,   Endovascular Neurosurgery Research Group (ENRG), Arthur Adam , Mark Bain , Bendock Bernard , Binning Mandy Jo , Boulos Alan S , Crowley Webster , Fessler Richard , Grande Andrew , Guterman Lee , Hanel Ricardo , Hoit Daniel , Hopkins L Nelson , Howington Jay , James Robert , Jankowitz Brian , Kan Peter , Khalessi Alex A , Kim Louis , Langer David , Lanzino Giuseppe , Levitt Michael , Levy Elad , Lopes Demetrius , Mack William , Mericle Robert , Mocco J , Ogilvy Chris , Pandey Aditya , Replogle Robert , Riina Howard , Ringer Andrew , Rodriguez Rafael , Saugaveau Eric , Schirmer Clemens , Siddiqui Adnan , Spiotta Alex , Sultan Ali , Tawk Rabih , Thomas Ajith , Turner Raymond , Veznedaroglu Erol , Welch Babu , White Jonathan
Published: August 2021

Since the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial,
1
endovascular treatment has been the favored treatment for appropriate ruptured intracranial aneurysms. While our endovascular technology has advanced to allow us to treat the majority of intracranial aneurysms, simple coil embolization is still the most common modality. This video demonstrates the fundamentals of aneurysm catheterization and coiling for safe treatment. In addition, the set-up and devices are detailed. This video is to add to the library of basic techniques that will aid a large number of practitioners. This patient consented to endovascular treatment. The video demonstrates endovascular coil embolization of a posterior communicating artery aneurysm in a 76-yr-old female who presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Image of biplane suite in video used courtesy of Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc. Illustration at 5:12 reprinted from Yasargil MG, et al, Microneurosurgery IV B, p. 9, Thieme, New York, 1995.
The Decadent Novel
Authors: Mahoney Kristin
Published: August 2021

This article argues that the decadent novel purposefully inverts the conventions of the nineteenth-century realist novel. Rather than developing bourgeois interiority, cultivating moral sympathy, and promoting conventional ideologies of gender and romance, the decadent novel focuses on detached individuals and damaging forms of desire. Refusing to provide reassuring narratives that reinforce myths of progress or camouflage the fractured, fraught nature of modern experience, these texts force readers to confront the anguish produced by modern conditions. They ask readers to meditate on the manner in which the increasing emphasis on individuation and an escalating sense of fragmentation at the turn of the century distort subjectivity and enable ever more horrifying forms of cruelty. In their representations of isolation and sadism, decadent novels amplify and exaggerate late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century forms of alienation in a way that enables further reflection on the dehumanization and deprivation engendered by modernity.
The Decadent Short Story
Authors: Boyiopoulos Kostas
Published: August 2021

The short story form and decadence are not only coterminous in 1890s Britain, but they also share common roots, as both hark back to Edgar Allan Poe. Even though the decadent short story eludes definition, it emphasizes style and rarefied subjectivity against the conventional Victorian novel’s emphasis on plot-driven narratives built around traditional moral values and social concerns. It is a self-conscious cross-genre that explores multifariously the tension between artificiality and life, thus reflecting the experimentalist ethos of its major outlet, the little magazine. In doing so, the decadent short story is distinguished by “excess in quintessence,” a paradox in which morbidity in its thematic and stylistic manifestations is enhanced by the delimiting nature of the form. This paradox makes the decadent short story “plotless,” static, and evanescent. Charlotte Mew’s “Passed” (1894), M. P. Shiel’s “Xélucha” (1895), and Jean Lorrain’s “The Man Who Loved Consumptives” (1891) consummately demonstrate its qualities.
Architecture
Authors: Smithey Lori
Published: August 2021

This article examines how decadence inflected modern architectural thought from the late eighteenth to the late twentieth century, starting with the polemical writings of the French architect Charles-François Viel, who dismissed scientific methods and engineering techniques as inferior to classical tradition. Later, decadence played a part in the Arts and Crafts critique of mechanized industrial production as well as twentieth-century condemnations of the managerial practices of late capitalism. Nevertheless, fin-de-siècle decadent culture also influenced architectural designers and theorists, exemplified by the art nouveau stylings of Charles Rennie Mackintosh and the theoretical writings of Ralph Adams Cram and Geoffrey Scott. From concerns about the sources and causes of social decadence to the aesthetic influence of decadent culture, the works explored here trace interchanges between decadence and modern conceptions of architecture.
France
Authors: Coste Bénédicte
Published: August 2021

Fin-de-siècle French decadence is one expression of the partial autonomy from political power in literature and the arts, both of which established their own frames of reference and legitimation. This article retraces the history of decadence in France in the 1880s. Envisaging decadence as both an infamous appellation and a literary movement embedded within a specific ecosystem of little magazines, it presents canonical works such as Huysmans’s À rebours and the poetry of Paul Verlaine and Stéphane Mallarmé, and explores some notable little magazines where decadent writings first appeared, paying attention to some of the quarrels that led to the emergence of symbolism and instrumentism originating from decadent works in the late 1880s. Literary decadence helped shape the little magazines of the 1890s while also heralding modern poetry.
The Biopolitics of Synthesizers
Authors: D’Errico Mike
Published: August 2021

This chapter outlines how the design of synthesizers and digital instruments in twenty-first-century EDM reflects a biopolitics of software that arises when sound and signal are analogized as dynamic bodies, and the core practices of music production center on the attempt to control, manipulate, and repair those bodies. Combining Tara Rodgers’ work on metaphor in audio-technical discourse and Robin James’s ideas about EDM and the sonic signatures of neoliberalism, this chapter argues that the intersonic control network of synthesizers—a modular, interconnected system of oscillating waveforms, filters, modulation envelopes, and effects—embodies fundamental shifts in the creative practice of electronic music production, the cultural economy of the music products industry, and the nature of labor in the software and media industries. The blurred lines between production and consumption, hardware and software, and labor and leisure define what the author calls the biopolitics of synthesizers. The author details three aspects of these biopolitics in this chapter, including the relationship between synthesizers and masculinity post-2008, synthesizer design and manufacturing as an agent of neoliberal capitalism, and the nature of commodity fetishism and gearlust in an era of plugins, sample packs, and other types of downloadable content.
Personality and Ideology
Authors: Osborne Danny , Satherley Nicole , Sibley Chris G.
Published: August 2021

Research since the 1990s reveals that openness to experience—a personality trait that captures interest in novelty, creativity, unconventionalism, and open-mindedness—correlates negatively with political conservatism. This chapter summarizes this vast literature by meta-analyzing 232 unique samples (N = 575,691) that examine the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and conservatism. The results reveal that the negative relationship between openness to experience and conservatism (r = −.145) is nearly twice as big as the next strongest correlation between personality and ideology (namely, conscientiousness and conservatism; r = .076). The associations between personality traits and conservatism were, however, substantively larger in Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) countries than in non-WEIRD countries. The chapter concludes by reviewing recent longitudinal work demonstrating that openness to experience and conservatism are non-causally related. Collectively, the chapter shows that openness to experience is by far the strongest (negative) correlate of conservatism but that there is little evidence that this association is causal.
Gating of Ion Channels
Authors: Barro-Soria Rene
Published: August 2021

Excitable cells, such as neurons and muscles, use ion channels to generate electrical and chemical signals that underlie their functions. Examples include the electrical signals underlying the complex neuronal circuitry in the brain, the secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters, skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction, and the signaling events that lead to fertility. Because of their pivotal role in cellular signaling and electrical excitability, a major goal in modern biology has been to determine the physical properties that control and modulate ion channel function. This chapter briefly reviews classical works about the gating of ion channels. Furthermore, it discusses some innovative approaches that when combined with biophysical and mathematical simulations have contributed to the current understanding of channel gating.
Durkheim and Economic Sociology
Authors: Steiner Philippe
Published: August 2021

Durkheim’s doctoral dissertation on the division of labor had an economic dimension, and his study on suicide rates put a strong emphasis on the professional group for the social reform he had in mind. Durkheim never entered into the technicalities of economic theory proper and limited himself to issues related to economic policy and economic reform, before he moved to study religious issues. Durkheim produced not only a personal work but also a collective one around L’Année sociologique. So, beyond Durkheim’s own achievement, this chapter considers the work of François Simiand and Maurice Halbwachs, who were at the head of the “economic sociology” section of L’Année sociologique, and Marcel Mauss for his work on gift-giving. Finally, the strength of the Durkheimian approach to economic sociology is illustrated through some contemporary inquiries.
In Defense of Collective Consciousness
Authors: Callegaro Francesco
Published: August 2021

Within the repertoire of concepts that Emile Durkheim has forged to introduce sociology, none has attracted as much criticism or provoked more controversy as “collective consciousness”. This key concept has been accused of being at the same time absurd, inadequate, and dangerous. Having clarified to what extent the issue at stake concerns the social philosophy underlying sociology, the article reconstructs Durkheim’s perspective, in order to assess his central thesis: that there is no collective or social life without a collective or social consciousness. First, it clarifies the meaning of the “collective”, by analyzing the criteria of “constraint”: it thus brings out Durkheim’s reference to those obligations that give access to an irreducible collective being. Second, it elucidates the nature of “collective representations”, by examining Durkheim’s criticism of “consciousness”: it thus explains how the “representations” making up the collective are embedded into the dispositional “unconscious” of acting subjects. Finally, it analyzes the nature of “reflexive consciousness”, by reference to those practical situations that trigger a dynamic process allowing the members of a group to make collective representations explicit. The paper concludes by reassessing Durkheim’s argument: the concept of collective consciousness has a definite sociological meaning insofar as it allows us to grasp those crucial effervescent social phenomena that produce a conscious collective being, made of subjects able to say “we” in knowledge of the cause.
Virtuosity, Obviously
Authors: VanderHamm David
Published: August 2021

This chapter employs a phenomenological framework to argue that virtuosity—often understood as individual musical excellence—is an intersubjective phenomenon that centers on skill made apparent and socially meaningful. Rather than locating virtuosity solely in a performer’s body, a piece’s demands, or a listener’s opinions, the author argues that it arises within the dynamic relationships—what Maurice Merleau-Ponty would call the “intentional threads”—that connect audiences, performers, and musical sound. Drawing on Edmund Husserl’s and Merleau-Ponty’s discussions of intersubjectivity, intercorporeality, and apperception, the author utilizes Ravi Shankar’s early reception in the United States as a case study in how audiences come to experience musical performances as virtuosic, despite their lack of background knowledge or musical understanding. A phenomenological approach to virtuosity reframes the issue not as one of objective measure or subjective opinion, but of intersubjective experience and value.
The Art of Slouching: Posture in Punk
Authors: Fogarty Mary
Published: August 2021

In this chapter, the author argues that the way performers of punk music inhabit the stage, through hunched postures, gains significance when set against the backdrop of a longer history framing the meaning of posture. Punk postures often represent pain as both kinesthetic and visceral. As discourses about posture move away from questions about morality and class, attached to the upright postures of “proper” citizens, and toward scientific claims about alignment and health concerns, novel performance practices ensue, infused with new musical meanings. The author suggests that theatrical punk performers who display different body organizations demonstrate not only the pain of being asked to “align” and “fix” their bodies to fit in, but also alternative meanings of success in society that are not built on able-bodied discourses but often nevertheless attuned to the desire for power.
Licensing and the Mass Production of Luxury Goods
Authors: Okawa Tomoko
Published: August 2021

This chapter examines the licensing business adopted by luxury fashion companies to extend their businesses for international markets and product-development strategies. The licensing business appears to conflict with the nature of luxury brands because the latter face the possible risk of diluting the brand identity and losing credibility. This chapter outlines the licensing business, its incentives, and its purpose, before examining its historical evolution over the past fifty years. It also analyses the current value of licensing luxury goods and evaluates why licensing still works. The discussion is mostly based on examples from haute couture, which is the pinnacle of the fashion-industry hierarchy, and high-end clothing brands. We focus on examples from Japan because they demonstrate the symbolic phenomenon of the global licensing business.
Decolonizing Research Ethics
Authors: Brunger Fern , Russell Todd , Wall Darlene
Published: August 2021

Globally, there is widespread agreement that research involving indigenous peoples must be conducted with the consent, consultation, or collaboration of communities. However, there are practical challenges to implementing this ideal. This chapter critically engages with scholarship on research ethics in relation to indigenous communities, focusing on the challenges inherent in the global movement toward decolonizing methodologies and indigenous governance of research. The chapter presents recommendations for a decolonizing approach to research ethics. It emphasizes that research institutions need to take seriously that an indigenous group has the right to say “no” to research that has been deemed ethical by an institutional research ethics board. The authors argue further that this requires attention to the “politics of risk,” including the ways in which collective identity and research risks are co-constructed.
California’s Environmental Policy Leadership
Authors: Vogel David
Published: August 2021

California is a long-standing role leader in environmental regulation in the United States. Wilderness preservation and restrictions on coastal oil drilling began in California, as did the regulation of pollution from automobiles. More recently, California has played a prominent role in addressing the risks of global climate change through its programs promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy and its restrictions on greenhouse emissions from motor vehicles. The state has also been highly active in regulating chemicals. Many of California’s environmental regulations have been adopted by other states as well as by the federal government. However, because the United States is a federal system, its regulations have also brought the state into frequent conflict with the Trump administration.
Critical Perspectives on Representation, Equity, and Rights Developing a
Comparative Politics of Environmental Justice
Authors: Suiseeya Kimberly R. Marion
Published: August 2021

The politics of environmental justice increasingly feature in environmental governance across multiple levels. Environmental defenders risk their lives to protect land, water, and forests. Non-human actors like rivers are gaining rights. Frontline environmental justice communities now include nation-states like Fiji that faces existential threats from climate change. Indigenous Peoples’ fights for self-determination illuminate how deeply connected and inseparable are the politics of sovereignty, representation, and environment. This chapter explores these developments to chart and examine how a politics of environmental justice can inform environmental and social policies by treating environmental justice as a driver, rather than unintended consequence, of policy and politics. Through this critical, comparative review, the chapter illuminates how and why environmental justice concerns matter for environmental governance and for the study of comparative environmental politics.
Japanese -tatiand generalized associative plurals
Authors: Tomioka Satoshi
Published: August 2021

This chapter presents descriptive generalizations of plural marking in Japanese with the morpheme -tati and proposes an account for its distributional and interpretive properties that are puzzling in many ways. The semantic peculiarities of -tati plurals, such as their tendency to be definite and the lack of generic and kind interpretations, result from the use of -tati as an associative plural marker. When -tati attaches to an individual-denoting expression, it denotes a plurality that consists of the referent of the expression and entities associated with. It is argued that -tati maintains this associative meaning even when it combines with a common noun. The extended notion of associativity allows X-tati, where X is a common noun, to include non-Xs in its denotation as long as such entities are closely associated with X, yielding similative plurals. This potential heterogeneity can solve most, if not all, of the puzzles posed by -tati plurals.
Bare nominals and number in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Ferreira Marcelo
Published: August 2021

The chapter bears on the distribution and interpretation of bare nominals in Brazilian Portuguese, paying special attention to bare singulars and the number neutrality that seems to characterize them. Brazilian Portuguese displays overt plural morphology and a full range of definite and indefinite determiners, which makes the relatively free distribution of bare singulars an intriguing topic from a typological perspective. The chapter discusses some proposals and analytical tools that have been employed to account for their behaviour, as well as their theoretic implications for issues related to singular–plural, mass–count, and generic–episodic distinctions.