bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospects of reinforcement learning for the simultaneous damping of many mechanical modes
Authors: Sommer Christian , Asjad Muhammad , Genes Claudiu
Published: February 2020

We apply adaptive feedback for the partial refrigeration of a mechanical resonator, i.e. with the aim to simultaneously cool the classical thermal motion of more than one vibrational degree of freedom. The feedback is obtained from a neural network parametrized policy trained via a reinforcement learning strategy to choose the correct sequence of actions from a finite set in order to simultaneously reduce the energy of many modes of vibration. The actions are realized either as optical modulations of the spring constants in the so-called quadratic optomechanical coupling regime or as radiation pressure induced momentum kicks in the linear coupling regime. As a proof of principle we numerically illustrate efficient simultaneous cooling of four independent modes with an overall strong reduction of the total system temperature.
Positive intergroup contact modulates fusiform gyrus activity to black and white faces
Authors: Farmer H. , Hewstone M. , Spiegler O. , Morse H. , Saifullah A. , Pan X. , Fell B. , Charlesford J. , Terbeck S.
Published: February 2020

In this study, we investigated the effect of intergroup contact on processing of own- and other-race faces using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Previous studies have shown a neural own-race effect with greater BOLD response to own race compared to other race faces. In our study, white participants completed a social-categorization task and an individuation task while viewing the faces of both black and white strangers after having answered questions about their previous experiences with black people. We found that positive contact modulated BOLD activity in the right fusiform gyrus (rFG) and left inferior occipital gyrus (lIOC), regions associated with face processing. Within these regions, higher positive contact was associated with higher activity when processing black, compared to white faces during the social categorisation task. We also found that in both regions a greater amount of individuating experience with black people was associated with greater activation for black vs. white faces in the individuation task. Quantity of contact, implicit racial bias and negatively valenced contact showed no effects. Our findings suggest that positive contact and individuating experience directly modulate processing of out-group faces in the visual cortex, and illustrate that contact quality rather than mere familiarity is an important factor in reducing the own race face effect.
Guidelines and trends for next-generation rechargeable lithium and lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wu Feixiang , Maier Joachim , Yu Yan
Published: February 2020

This review article summarizes the current trends and provides guidelines towards next-generation rechargeable lithium and lithium-ion battery chemistries.
Three-dimensional macroporous gold electrodes superior to conventional gold disk electrodes in the construction of an electrochemical immunobiosensor for Staphylococcus aureus detection
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhao Xiao , Yang Hui , Cao Lin , Deng Wenfang , Tan Yueming , Xie Qingji
Published: February 2020

Three-dimensional macroporous gold electrodes are superior to conventional gold disk electrodes in the construction of an electrochemical immunobiosensor for Staphylococcus aureus detection.
TrimethylamineN-oxide (TMAO) resists the compression of water structure by magnesium perchlorate: terrestrial kosmotropevs.Martian chaotrope
Authors: Laurent Harrison , Soper Alan K. , Dougan Lorna
Published: February 2020

Neutron diffraction and computational modelling provide insight into water structure.
Mild and controlled lignin methylation with trimethyl phosphate: towards a precise control of lignin functionality
Authors: Duval Antoine , Avérous Luc
Published: February 2020

A novel protocol for a mild, controlled and selective methylation of lignin phenolic OH groups with trimethylphosphate has been developed.
An adaptable soft-mold embossing process for fabricating optically-accessible, microfeature-based culture systems and application toward liver stage antimalarial compound testing
Authors: Maher Steven P. , Conway Amy J. , Roth Alison , Adapa Swamy R. , Cualing Phillip , Andolina Chiara , Hsiao James , Turgeon Jessica , Chaumeau Victor , Johnson Myles , Palmiotti Chris , Singh Naresh , Barnes Samantha J. , Patel Raahil , Van Grod Virginia , Carter Robert , Sun H.-C. Steve , Sattabongkot Jetsumon , Campo Brice , Nosten François , Saadi Wajeeh M. , Adams John H. , Jiang Rays H. Y. , Kyle Dennis E.
Published: February 2020

An intrahepatic Plasmodium vivax liver stage schizont and hypnozoite develop in a microfeature-based, 384-well culture system for primary human hepatocytes.
Cross-dehydrogenative coupling of acetanilides with aromatic aldehydes
Authors: Kianmehr Ebrahim , Afaridoun Hadi
Published: February 2020

A practical, versatile, and efficient method for N-acylation of acetanilides with aromatic aldehydes, benzyl halides, benzyl alcohols and toluenes as the acylating agents has been described.
Application of magnesium ion doped carbon dots obtained via hydrothermal synthesis for arginine detection
Authors: Zhang Ziting , Fan Zhefeng
Published: February 2020

As a new-type of nanomaterial, carbon dots (CDs) have been extensively applied in biochemistry-related fields.
Immuno-DNA binding directed template-free DNA extension and enzyme catalysis for sensitive electrochemical DNA methyltransferase activity assay and inhibitor screening
Authors: Zhang Ying , Hao Lijie , Zhao Zhen , Yang Xiaoyan , Wang Li , Liu Shufeng
Published: February 2020

A new electrochemical immuno-DNA sensing platform for DNA methyltransferase activity assay and inhibitor screening.
Cyclodextrins: from solute to solvent
Authors: El Achkar Tracy , Moufawad Tarek , Ruellan Steven , Landy David , Greige-Gerges Hélène , Fourmentin Sophie
Published: February 2020

A new deep eutectic solvent (DES), based on a methylated-β-cyclodextrin and levulinic acid, exhibiting supramolecular properties is presented here for the first time.
A microfluidic approach to micromembrane synthesis for complex release profiles of nanocarriers
Authors: Jia Nan , Rosella Erica , Juère Estelle , Pouliot Roxane , Kleitz Freddy , Greener Jesse
Published: February 2020

Physically crosslinked layered microscale biomembranes from pure chitosan are demonstrated for pH-triggered release functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The work opens the door to synthesis of complex nano-enhanced micro membranes.
Rational design of semiconducting polymer brushes as cancer theranostics
Authors: Yang Zhen , Li Ling , Jin Albert J. , Huang Wei , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: February 2020

In this review, recent progress in the development of semiconducting polymer brushes for advanced cancer theranostics has been presented.
Influence of the ammonium salts used in the Brønsted acid catalyzed hydrothermal decomposition of d-glucose towards 5-HMF
Authors: Maruani Victor , Framery Eric , Andrioletti Bruno
Published: February 2020

A graphical resume of the hydrothermal decomposition of d-glucose at 150 °C in the presence of ammonium sulfate.
Ligand rigidity and electronic effect on the complexation of hexavalent plutonyl with three dicarboxylic acids: a combined spectrophotometric and computational study
Authors: Xu Lei , Pu Ning , Yuan Jianhua , Wei Pingping , Dong Xue , Wang Yingcai , Chen Jing , Xu Chao
Published: February 2020

Both the ligands’ rigidity and electronic structure contribute to the stability and coordination mode of Pu(vi) complexes with three dicarboxylic acids.
Irrelevance of USF2 rs916145 polymorphism with the risk of biliary atresia susceptibility in Southern Chinese children
Authors: Chen Lei , Fu Ming , Tan Ledong , Zhao Jinglu , Xu Xiaogang , Lin Yuzhen , Zhong Qian , Zhong Ruisui , Zhang RuiZhong , Zeng Jixiao
Published: February 2020

Backgrounds: Biliary atresia (BA) is a very rare neonatal disease, however, it has been the most common cause of obstructive jaundice in infancy. The complex pathogenesis of BA is not entirely clear and a lot of possible pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed to explain the etiology of BA, including genetic, inflammatory, environmental and developmental abnormalities. As a transcription factor, USF2 gene rs916145 polymorphism has been shown to be related to the risk of BA.

Methods: We examined the USF2 rs916145 genotype in a large case–control study consisting of 506 BA patients and 1473 healthy controls, using the MassARRAY iPLEX Gold system (Sequenom). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the association between the USF2 gene rs916145 polymorphism and BA susceptibility.

Results: The frequency of different genotypes showed no statistical significance (GG/GC, OR: 1.09, P=0.470, 95% CI: 0.87–1.35; GG/CC, OR: 0.86, P=0.378, 95% CI: 0.62–1.20). No obvious association was revealed between the USF2 gene rs916145 polymorphism and BA susceptibility.

Conclusion: USF2 rs916145 polymorphism may not be the best predictor of BA.
‐norm feature least mean square algorithm
Authors: Haddad D.B. , dos Santos L.O. , Almeida L.F. , Santos G.A.S. , Petraglia M.R.
Published: February 2020

In many practical applications, systems and signals show energy concentration in a few coefficients. This prior knowledge can often be incorporated into algorithms designed for tasks such as compressive sensing and system identification. This Letter proposes a new least mean square (LMS)‐based algorithm that exploits the hidden sparsity of the system that the adaptive filter intends to estimate. The algorithm minimises the ‐norm of a linear transformation of the coefficient vector, using the minimum distortion principle. Simulation results demonstrate good performance of the proposed algorithm with respect to the LMS algorithm. In addition, a stochastic model of the advanced algorithm is proposed, which provides accurate mean‐square deviation and mean‐square error predictions.
Resonant converter with less voltage rating of power switches and wide voltage operation
Authors: Lin B.‐R. , Lin Y.‐K.
Published: February 2020

A resonant converter with less voltage rating of power switches and wide voltage operation is investigated in this Letter for medium voltage applications. Four active switches and two split capacitors are adopted on the primary side to reduce the voltage rating on power semiconductors. The resonant converter is adopted in the converter to have a wide soft switching operation range. Two flying capacitors are used in the presented circuit to operate as the resonant capacitor and also to achieve voltage balance of two input split capacitors. The variable winding turns are used on the secondary side to overcome the problem of the limited voltage operation in the conventional resonant converter. If the input voltage is in the low‐input voltage range, the low turns‐ratio of the power transformer is used to increase the voltage gain of the resonant converter. If the input voltage is in a high‐voltage range, then the high turns‐ratio of the transformer is adopted to reduce the voltage gain. Thus, the proposed converter can achieve wide input voltage operation. Experimental results with a 0.8 kW prototype are provided to confirm the effectiveness of wide input voltage operation from 260 to 800 V.
Gas–solid interface charge characterisation techniques for HVDC GIS/GIL insulators
Authors: Zhang Lei , Lin Chuanjie , Li Chuanyang , Suraci Simone Vincenzo , Chen Geng , Riechert Uwe , Shahsavarian Tohid , Hikita Masayuki , Tu Youping , Zhang Zhousheng , Fabiani Davide , He Jinliang
Published: February 2020

Surface charge accumulation on the spacers is one of the key issues restraining the development of HVDC GIS/GIL. The precise measurement of surface charge properties provides the basis for further study of the surface charge transport mechanism as well as the charge‐induced flashover mechanism under DC voltage. In this study, the authors discuss their perspective on the current status, development needs and potential developing orientation of surface charge characterisation techniques. Different surface potential measurement methods and charge inversion algorithms are reviewed regarding the previous studies and future research needs. Drawbacks and outlooks of surface charge measurement techniques are also discussed with the background of laboratory experiment results and on‐site measurements. It is hopefully that this study can serve as a useful guide reference for researchers within the same research field. More importantly, it is authors’ hope that this study can inspire some novel ideas for readers into developing of more accurate and scientific interface charge characterisation techniques.
Enhancing the performance of wind energy conversion systems using unified power flow controller
Authors: Mosaad Mohamed I. , Alenany Ahmed , Abu‐Siada Ahmed
Published: February 2020

Due to the low converters rating and cost of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) along with its ability to function under variable wind speed, DFIG has been widely employed in wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). Unfortunately, the performance of DFIG is sensitive to the variation in the operating conditions and disturbance events at the grid side. This includes wind gust, voltage fluctuation and faults at the point of common coupling of the DFIG and the grid. In this study, a model‐free adaptive control (MFAC) is developed for a unified power flow controller (UPFC) in order to improve the overall dynamic performance of a DFIG‐based WECS during wind gusts and enhance the fault ride through capability of the DFIG during various disturbance events. The effective performance of the proposed controller is assessed through a comparison with a conventional proportional–integral (PI) controller optimised by a modified flower pollination algorithm. Results reveal the superiority of the proposed UPFC‐MFAC technique over the conventional PI controller currently used in most of the UPFC‐WECS applications.
Space, time and velocity association of successive coronal mass ejections
Authors: Lara Alejandro , Gopalswamy Nat , Niembro Tatiana , Pérez-Enríquez Román , Yashiro Seiji
Published: February 2020

Aims.Our aim is to investigate the possible physical association between consecutive coronal mass ejections (CMEs).

Methods.Through a statistical study of the main characteristics of 27 761 CMEs observed by SOHO/LASCO during the past 20 years.

Results.We found the waiting time (WT) or time elapsed between two consecutive CMEs is < 5 h for 59% and < 25 h for 97% of the events, and the CME WTs follow a Pareto Type IV statistical distribution. The difference of the position-angle of a considerable population of consecutive CME pairs is less than 30°, indicating the possibility that their source locations are in the same region. The difference between the speed of trailing and leading consecutive CMEs follows a generalized Studentt-distribution. The fact that the WT and the speed difference have heavy-tailed distributions along with a detrended fluctuation analysis shows that the CME process has a long-range dependence. As a consequence of the long-range dependence, we found a small but significative difference between the speed of consecutive CMEs, with the speed of the trailing CME being higher than the speed of the leading CME. The difference is largest for WTs < 2 h and tends to be zero for WTs > 10 h, and it is more evident during the ascending and descending phases of the solar cycle. We suggest that this difference may be caused by a drag force acting over CMEs closely related in space and time.

Conclusions.Our results show that the initiation and early propagation of a significant population of CMEs cannot be considered as a “pure” stochastic process; instead they have temporal, spatial, and velocity relationship.
The origin of globular cluster FSR 1758
Authors: Yeh Fu-Chi , Carraro Giovanni , Korchagin Vladimir I. , Pianta Camilla , Ortolani Sergio
Published: February 2020

Context. Globular clusters in the Milky Way are thought to have either an in situ origin, or to have been deposited in the Galaxy by past accretion events, like the spectacular Sagittarius dwarf galaxy merger.

Aims. We probe the origin of the recently discovered globular cluster FSR 1758, often associated with some past merger event and which happens to be projected toward the Galactic bulge. We performed a detailed study of its Galactic orbit, and assign it to the most suitable Galactic component.

Methods. We employed three different analytical time-independent potential models to calculate the orbit of the cluster by using the Gauss Radau spacings integration method. In addition, a time-dependent bar potential model is added to account for the influence of the Galactic bar. We ran a large suite of simulations via a Montecarlo method to account for the uncertainties in the initial conditions.

Results. We confirm previous indications that the globular cluster FSR 1758 possesses a retrograde orbit with high eccentricity. The comparative analysis of the orbital parameters of star clusters in the Milky Way, in tandem with recent metallicity estimates, allows us to conclude that FSR 1758 is indeed a Galactic bulge intruder. The cluster can therefore be considered an old metal-poor halo globular cluster formed in situ that is passing right now in the bulge region. Its properties, however, can be roughly accounted for by also assuming that the cluster is part of some stream of extra-Galactic origin.

Conclusions. We conclude that assessing the origin, either Galactic or extra-galactic, of globular clusters is surely a tantalising task. In any case, by using an Occam’s razor argument, we tend to prefer an in situ origin for FSR 1758.
The XXL Survey
Authors: Šlaus B. , Smolčić V. , Novak M. , Fotopoulou S. , Ciliegi P. , Jurlin N. , Ceraj L. , Tisanić K. , Birkinshaw M. , Bremer M. , Chiappetti L. , Horellou C. , Huynh M. , Intema H. , Kolokythas K. , Pierre M. , Raychaudhury S. , Rottgering H.
Published: February 2020

We study the space density evolution of active galactic nuclei (AGN) using the 610 MHz radio survey of the XXL-North field, performed with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. The survey covers an area of 30.4 deg2, with a beamsize of 6.5 arcsec. The survey is divided into two parts, one covering an area of 11.9 deg2 with 1σ rms noise of 200 μJy beam−1 and the other spanning 18.5 deg2 with rms noise of 45 μJy beam−1. We extracted the catalog of radio components above 7σ. The catalog was cross-matched with a multi-wavelength catalog of the XXL-North field (covering about 80% of the radio XXL-North field) using a likelihood ratio method, which determines the counterparts based on their positions and their optical properties. The multi-component sources were matched visually with the aid of a computer code: Multi-Catalog Visual Cross-Matching. A flux density cut above 1 mJy selects AGN hosts with a high purity in terms of star formation contamination based on the available source counts. After cross-matching and elimination of observational biases arising from survey incompletenesses, the number of remaining sources was 1150. We constructed the rest-frame 1.4 GHz radio luminosity functions of these sources using the maximum volume method. This survey allows us to probe luminosities of 23 ≲ log(L1.4 GHz[W Hz−1]) ≲ 28 up to redshifts of z ≈ 2.1. Our results are consistent with the results from the literature in which AGN are comprised of two differently evolving populations, where the high luminosity end of the luminosity functions evolves more strongly than the low-luminosity end.
The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey
Authors: Leclercq Floriane , Bacon Roland , Verhamme Anne , Garel Thibault , Blaizot Jérémy , Brinchmann Jarle , Cantalupo Sebastiano , Claeyssens Adélaïde , Conseil Simon , Contini Thierry , Hashimoto Takuya , Herenz Edmund Christian , Kusakabe Haruka , Marino Raffaella Anna , Maseda Michael , Matthee Jorryt , Mitchell Peter , Pezzulli Gabriele , Richard Johan , Schmidt Kasper Borello , Wisotzki Lutz
Published: February 2020

We present spatially resolved maps of six individually-detected Lyman α haloes (LAHs) as well as a first statistical analysis of the Lyman α (Lyα) spectral signature in the circum-galactic medium of high-redshift star-forming galaxies (−17.5 >  MUV >  −21.5) using the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer. Our resolved spectroscopic analysis of the LAHs reveals significant intrahalo variations of the Lyα line profile. Using a three-dimensional two-component model for the Lyα emission, we measured the full width at half maximum (FWHM), the peak velocity shift, and the asymmetry of the Lyα line in the core and in the halo of 19 galaxies. We find that the Lyα line shape is statistically different in the halo compared to the core (in terms of width, peak wavelength, and asymmetry) for ≈40% of our galaxies. Similarly to object-by-object based studies and a recent resolved study using lensing, we find a correlation between the peak velocity shift and the width of the Lyα line both at the interstellar and circum-galactic scales. This trend has been predicted by radiative transfer simulations of galactic winds as a result of resonant scattering in outflows. While there is a lack of correlation between the spectral properties and the spatial scale lengths of our LAHs, we find a correlation between the width of the line in the LAH and the halo flux fraction. Interestingly, UV bright galaxies (MUV <  −20) show broader, more redshifted, and less asymmetric Lyα lines in their haloes. The most significant correlation found is for the FWHM of the line and the UV continuum slope of the galaxy, suggesting that the redder galaxies have broader Lyα lines. The generally broad and red line shapes found in the halo component suggest that the Lyα haloes are powered either by scattering processes through an outflowing medium, fluorescent emission from outflowing cold clumps of gas, or a mix of both. Considering the large diversity of the Lyα line profiles observed in our sample and the lack of strong correlation, the interpretation of our results is still broadly open and underlines the need for realistic spatially resolved models of the LAHs.
Magnetic twist profile inside magnetic clouds derived with a superposed epoch analysis
Authors: Lanabere V. , Dasso S. , Démoulin P. , Janvier M. , Rodriguez L. , Masías-Meza J. J.
Published: February 2020

Context. Magnetic clouds (MCs) are large-scale interplanetary transient structures in the heliosphere that travel from the Sun into the interplanetary medium. The internal magnetic field lines inside the MCs are twisted, forming a flux rope (FR). This magnetic field structuring is determined by its initial solar configuration, by the processes involved during its eruption from the Sun, and by the dynamical evolution during its interaction with the ambient solar wind.

Aims. One of the most important properties of the magnetic structure inside MCs is the twist of the field lines forming the FR (the number of turns per unit length). The detailed internal distribution of twist is under debate mainly because the magnetic field (B) in MCs is observed only along the spacecraft trajectory, and thus it is necessary to complete observations with theoretical assumptions. Estimating the twist from the study of a single event is difficult because the field fluctuations significantly increase the noise of the observed B time series and thus the bias of the deduced twist.

Methods. The superposed epoch applied to MCs has proven to be a powerful technique, permitting the extraction of their common features, and removing the peculiarity of individual cases. We apply a superposed epoch technique to analyse the magnetic components in the local FR frame of a significant sample of moderately asymmetric MCs observed at 1 au.

Results. From the superposed profile of B components in the FR frame, we determine the typical twist distribution in MCs. The twist is nearly uniform in the FR core (central half part), and it increases moderately, up to a factor two, towards the MC boundaries. This profile is close to the Lundquist field model limited to the FR core where the axial field component is above about one-third of its central value.
Dam Foundation Treatment: High Stress Watetightness
Authors: Ben Tahar Maha , Bahi Lahcen , Ouadif Latifa
Published: February 2020

By its dual function of consolidation and sealing, injection treatment is the most appropriate process to solve the majority of problems in the most diverse soils. Concerning a foundation, the use of this treatment makes it possible to reduce or eliminate karst risks by taking into account the geological implications of each region. However, its effectiveness is difficult to measure, especially when it comes to the treatment of a dam site where the waterthigtness of the foundation is essential for overall stability. A control of the parameters that regulate the injectability of the karst as well as a good knowledge of the karst environment allows the correct evaluation of the nature of the products and the methods of implementation of the grout curtain guaranteeing the safety of the structure. It is from this perspective that a statistical study of karst anomalies was carried out on the foundation of El Ghrass dam in order to define an adequate distribution of these karsts, which is essential for the determination of the pattern of injection (drilling spacing, alignments) necessary for the preparation of the quantities of the injection market.
Effect of adding insulation on the energy performances of rammed earth buildings in hot and arid climates
Authors: Cheikhi Wical , Baba Khadija , Nounah Abderrahman , Cherradi Choukri
Published: February 2020

In a world context focused on energy efficiency and sustainable construction, returning to the use of raw earth in construction constitutes a good alternative to concrete construction, a system more energy consuming and yet more used nowadays. This return is justified by the excellent energy performance and the high level of thermal comfort provided by earth constructions in different climates. In cold climates, adding an insulation on earth walls has proven to be effective in improving their thermal performances. However, the influence of adding an insulation on the energy performance of rammed earth buildings in hot and arid climates remains to this day little explored. The present work comes in this order of ideas; it is based on a comparative study of the energetic performances of a mud building before and after the addition of the insulation. In order to compare between their performances, we have performed a simulation of the thermal behaviour of each by the dynamic thermal simulation software Design Builder.
Characterization of the residual sludge from the wastewater treatment plant of JERADA
Authors: Khnaijer B. , Cherkaoui E. , Khamar M. , Nounah A.
Published: February 2020

The wastewater treatment plant of the city of JERADA is an aerated lagoon type, it is located in the west of the city of JERADA, It was put into service in 2016 and it is part of the national Moroccan liquid sanitation program, which requires an increasing of the rate of wastewater treatment. Indeed, said STEP generates on the one hand a clean sanitized water with an average flow of 2500 m3/d, which is discharged into the receiving environment without any environmental damage, and on the other handa huge quantities of residual sludge 1740.24 kg/d.

The most suitable technique for the management of sewage sludge of the JERADA STATION is their valorization in agriculture after their composting. Such a process requires beforehand a physico-chemical and biological characterization of the station residual sludge.
Study of the geometrical and the geotechnical stability of the concrete lozenges channels
Authors: El Bouanani Latifa , Baba Khadija , Bahi Lahcen , Cherradi Choukri
Published: February 2020

Several methods are proposed for improving the slopes stability. We are studying the use of a new technique: concrete lozenges channels. The objective of this technique is to stabilize the slope against water erosion. In addition, it makes it possible to combine both mechanical protection with concrete lozenges channels and protection by plant engineering techniques with plants adapted to the area. The present study is part of the continuation of a parametric study whose purpose was to define the optimal design of concrete lozenges channels. Using the finite element method, the purpose is to study the geotechnical stability of a slope stabilized by said lozenges and to define their constructive arrangements.
Physical Quality Assessment of Aceh Cattle Meat and Their Relationship with Meat Types and Hair Color Differences
Authors: Azhar Al , Akmal Muslim , Hambal Muhammad , Sabri Mustafa , Rosa Teuku S. , Rahmaddiansyah Rahmaddiansyah , Purwantara Bambang , Dasrul Dasrul
Published: February 2020

This study aimed to investigate the physical quality of silverside and sirloin meats of aceh cattle, Indonesian beef cattle native to Aceh Province. Meat samples, 250-300 gram each, were collected in triplicate from cull female Aceh cattle have different hair colors slaughtered at the Slaughter House of Banda Aceh. Meat and fat colors, marbling, texture, pH, drip loss and cooking loss were determined using the SNI method and analyzed using Chi-Square and Pearson's correlation tests. The results showed that meat color of cull female Aceh cattle have different hair colors ranged from bright to dark red and were insignificant (p>0.05) between hair colors and meat types. The texture of sirloin meat ranged from smooth to medium and that of silverside was medium. Silverside meat fat color (6.06 1.61), marbling (3.50 1.42), pH (6.68 > 0.40), drip loss (9.06 3.14%) and cooking loss (30.13 10.84%) were indifferent from those of sirloin meat (fat color 6.06 1.63, marbling 3.67 1.81, pH 6.72 0.49, drip loss 9.12 5.84%, cooking loss 32.06 7.30%). In conclusion, the physical quality of sirloin and silverside meats of cull female Aceh cattle were categorized into grade I-III and not influenced by hair colors.
Decreased bull fertility: age-related changes in sperm motility and DNA fragmentation
Authors: Pardede Berlin P. , Supriatna Iman , Yudi Yudi , Agil Muhammad
Published: February 2020

This study aimed to analyze the effect of the age of bulls on sperm motility and DNA fragmentation and its impact on fertility. Ninety-six frozen semen straw from eight bulls were divided into four groups based on age (group-1: 5-6 years; group-2: 7-8 years; group-3: 9-10 years; group-4: 11-12 years). Total and progressive motility were detected by using computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA), while DNA fragmentation was detected by Toluidine blue staining. Over 500 artificial insemination services in the field were used for fertility rate analysis. The results of the analysis of total motility, progressive, and DNA fragmentation in all age groups still meet the minimum standard for artificial insemination programs. Analysis of progressive motility and DNA fragmentation showed significant differences in each age group (P<0.01), whereas analysis of total motility showed no significant differences in group-2 (7-8 years) and group-3 (9-10 years) (P>0.01). Increased age in bulls correlated significantly with increased sperm DNA fragmentation (P<0.01), decreased total and progressive motility (P<0,01), and potentially reduced the fertility rate (P<0.01). In conclusion, although the quality of frozen semen still meets the standards for artificial insemination programs, the age factor in bulls needs to be considered for achieving maximum fertility.
Conservation status of shark fish in the Aceh province coastal area
Authors: Awanis Hazia , Huda Ismul , Sarong Muhammad A.
Published: February 2020

Shark fishing activities in Aceh Province take place in the Straits of Malacca and the Indian Ocean. Knowledge and understanding of fisher in the coastal areas of Aceh Province regarding shark protection and conservation regulations are still very limited so that the exploitation of sharks has increased. Observations were made in five coastal areas of Aceh Province. The sample in this study is the shark fish fished of fishermen. This study aims to determine the percentage of conservation status based on IUCN and CITES of sharks fish fished by the fishermen in the coastal region of Aceh Province. Data was collected in April-May 2019 using the survey method. Descriptive analysis results showbased on IUCN one species (10%) in the least concern category (LC), five species (50%) in the category of near threatened (NT), two species (20%) in the vulnerable category (VU), one species (10%) in the endangered category (EN), while one species (10%) in the critically endangered category (CR) and based on CITES two species (20%) in category nonendangered species, but if the trade continues without regulations, with extinction, it will be threatened (the Appendix II CITES). From these results, it can be concluded that the sharks caught in the coastal area of Aceh Province as a whole are in the IUCN red list category.
Isolation, Identification, and Critical Points of Risk of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Contamination at Aceh Cattle Breeding Centre
Authors: Ferasyi Teuku R. , Abrar Mahdi , Subianto Muhammad , Afrianandra Cut , Hambal Muhammad , Razali Razali , Ismail Ismail , Nurliana Nurliana , Rastina Rastina , Sari Wahyu E. , Safika Safika , Vierman Vierman , Mutia Nellita , Barus Rina A. , Yusmadi Yusmadi , Rosa Teuku S. , Ramadhan Rezky
Published: February 2020

This study was aimed to identify possible critical points of Escherichia coli (E. coli ) O157:H7, a pathogenic agent, contamination in aceh cattle breeding centre. For this purpose, samples were collected from cattle faeces, hand of workers (animal keepers), and water sources in the farm using cross-sectional approach. A number of 85 samples of cattle faecal swab were collected randomly from the animals in the breeding centre. The samples of swab of hand of all workers (15 persons) were collected before and after work. Then, the water sources from 11 cattle house locations in the breeding centre were collected. The water sources were divided into three different locations, namely the water containers, taps, and water puddle on the floors. At each source a number of 11 samples were collected. Isolation of E. coli was conducted on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA), followed by identification on Sorbitol MacConkey Agar (SMAC). Then Molecular subtyping of E. coli O157:H7 genes was conducted using multiplex-PCR analysis. Data were analysed descriptively. The results of this study showed that 72 samples (85 %) among 85 samples were positive for E. coli and the rest of samples were positive for other types of bacteria. Sample isolation from swabs of hand was found 3 positive E. coli before work and 1 positive E. coli after work from 15 workers. The most potential water sources for E. coli contamination were the water in taps, and water puddle on the floor of cattle houses. Then, two of samples of E. coli isolated from rectal swab were confirmed as E. coli O157:H7 using PCR test, based on the presence of stx2 gene. In conclusion, the risk of presence of E. coli as zoonotic agents of E. coli O157:H7 in aceh cattle as well as from the farm workers and surrounding area are high. An appropriate control strategy is needed to apply in the aceh cattle farm to prevent from E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in the future.
Potential Natural Aromatase Blockers on Enhance the Frequency and Sound Quality of Male Canaries
Authors: Astuti Pudji , Airin Claude M. , Nurrurozi Alfarisa , Aidi Rizal , Hana Amelia , Hadi Susilo , Harimurti Harimurti
Published: February 2020

The quality sound of singing birds strongly depends on testosterone. Unfortunately, most of the testosterone will be converted to estradiol by the aromatase enzyme. The study aimed to examine the potential of natural aromatase blockers for increasing the frequency and quality of canary chirps. Five adult male canaries, with bodyweight 25-30 g were used in the study. After being adapted for a week, birds were fed a mixture of aromatase blockers and canary seed for 20 days at a dose of 0.3 mg /30 g body weight. Quantities of a song using Hagemon touch methods were calculated by frequency of chirping for 10 minutes, whereas the quality of the song was counted by the periods of once chirping for 10 minutes. Recording begins when the bird is given standard feeding and repeated after treatment for 20 days. The results showed that the frequency of chirping before given a mixture of ingredients was 15.3 /10 min, after being treated with aromatase blockers the frequency increased up to 78.9 /10 min. The length of the tweet before treatment was <1s while after treatment up to 17s. It can be concluded that aromatase blockers can increase the frequency and quality of male Canary's song.
Fecal Cortisol and Progesterone Concentrations in Post Partus of Etawah Crossbreed Goat
Authors: Airin Claude M. , Hana Amelia , Sarmin Sarmin , Astuti Pudji
Published: February 2020

Progesterone (P4) is a dominant hormone during pregnancy. In the later stage of pregnancy, the stress hormone particularly cortisol (C) may increase for initiating the parturition process as a consequence of fetal stress. This study was a preliminary study to compare the concentration of P4 and C in feces of Etawah Crossbreed Goat during their last stage of pregnancy and post partus. This study used 5 pregnant Etawah Crossbreed Goats (t 20th weeks) of pregnancy. Fecal samples were collected in the 20th week of pregnancy to 2 weeks of postpartum. All fecal samples were then dried using a freeze dryer (Labfreez FD10-MR) for 7 days at -80°C. Afterward, dried feces were pulverized and extracted by using 3ml of methanol 80%. The fecal extract was then analyzed the P4 and C concentrations using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Concentrations of P4 and C metabolites in the last stage of pregnancy were 5,506.18 3,396.72 ng/g dry feces and 136,625.83 42,479.22 ng/g feces, respectively. Concentrations of P4 and C metabolites in the 2 weeks postpartum decreased at 669.38 P 643.9 ng/g feces and 110,295 / 14,378, 8 ng/g feces, respectively. It canbe concluded that there was a difference in the fecal progesterone and cortisol concentrations between the last phase of pregnancy and the postpartum phase.
Levels of protein and fat produced by black soldier fly (hementia illucens) larvae in the bioconversion of organic waste
Authors: Aristi Heni , Mudji Era H. , Soepranianondo Koesnoto , Haridjani Nenny , Aprilia Zelvy
Published: February 2020

Larvae are the longest phase in the life cycle of Black Soldier Fly (BSF), making them classified as bioconversion agents. This study aims to determine the protein and fat levels of Black Soldier Fly larvae that are fed with different organic wastes (cabbage, tomatoes, carrots and a mixture of all three). This study is an experimental study using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and six replications. The four treatments are P1 (6 kg mixed cabbage, tomato, and carrot waste), P2 (6 kg cabbage waste), P3 (6 kg tomato waste), and P4 (6 kg carrot waste). The research was conducted for 12 days using 5day-old larvae. Collected data were analyzed using a one-way Variance of Analysis (ANOVA) method. The results showed a significant difference (P <0.01) between mixed media, cabbage media, tomato media, and carrot media with the highest average protein content found in tomato media 11,4267. While the fat level test did not show a significant difference (P> 0.05) with the highest average fat content found in carrot media by 0.9533. The nutrition of Black Soldier Fly larvae is greatly influenced by the breeding media. Different nutrients will cause different nutrient content in the larvae.
In Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Coffee Grounds Extracts against Fish Pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Sari Wahyu E. , Hambal Muhammad , Vanda Henni , Dewi Maryulia , Zamzami Rumi S. , Santosa Sukmawan F. , Ritonga Mudhita Z. , Awaluddin Awaluddin , Ayuti Siti R. , Luksmana Roby , Sari Femi J. , Wahyuni Sri
Published: February 2020

Fish diseases caused bypathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the obstacles for fish farming because it can cause death and loss for farmers. A. hydrophila was reported to possess resistance to several antibiotics. Therefore, there is a need to seek an alternative source of natural antimicrobials. This in vitro study aimed to examinethe effect of ethanol extracts of coffee grounds as an antimicrobial to A. hydrophila which infects carp (Cyprinus carpio). The coffee grounds were collected from four traditional coffee shops in Banda Aceh, and a total of 500 g coffee grounds were extracted using 96% ethanol. Antimicrobial assay of ethanol extracts of coffee grounds was performed by the agar well diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) plates. The result showed that all coffee ground extracts at concentration of 10%, 50%, and 100% were able to inhibit A. hydrophila bacteria with the highest inhibition zone of 10.96 mm posses a strong inhibition, while negative control does not indicate the existence of clear zone. The experiment confirmed the efficacy of coffee ground extracts as natural antimicrobials and suggested the possibility of utilizing them as a drugs for treatment of fish pathogenic caused by A. hydrophila.
Histology of Watersnake (Enhydris enhydris) Lung
Authors: Zainuddin Zainuddin , Fadhilah Nurul , Masyitha Dian , Salim Muhammad N. , Rahmi Erdiansyah , Gani Fadli A. , Jalaluddin Muhammad
Published: February 2020

Rainbow watersnake is a snake that can be found in ponds, has a relatively medium body, a maximum length of 80 cm, generally between 50-60 cm, small-headed, a rather large belly, and short-tailed. The aim of this study is to determine the structure of the histology of the lungs of watersnake (Enhydris enhydris). This study used a sample of 3 watersnakes (Enhydris enhydris) with a body length of ± 50 cm. This study conducted a micro technical method with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Data obtained from the results of this study were analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of images. Macroscopic observations of the warp in snakes are long, most of the trachea attaches to the warp, and there are water sacs or swimming pouches at the tip of the warp, as well as the histological features of the snakes' warp, alveolar ducts, alveolar sac and alveoli, the histological structure of the lungs in watersnakes (Enhydris enhydris) consist of type 1 alveoli epithelial cells, type 2 alveoli cells, muscle bundles, connective tissue, capillary vessels, and macrophage cells. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the histological structure of the watersnake (Enhydris enhydris) lung is different from the histological structure of the reptile function in general. In the lungs of watersnakes (Enhydris enhydris) only consists of alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli, and the presence of water sacs at the ends of the lungs.
Histology of Watersnake (Enhydris Enhydris) Digestive System
Authors: Masyitha Dian , Maulidar Lena , Zainuddin Zainuddin , Salim Muhammad N. , Aliza Dwinna , Gani Fadli A. , Rusli Rusli
Published: February 2020

This research aimed to study the histology of the digestive system of the watersnake (Enhydris enhydris). The digestive system taken was the esophagus, stomach, frontal small intestine and the back of the large intestine from three watersnakes. The samples were then made into histological preparations with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and observed exploratively. The results showed that the digestive system of the watersnake was composed of layers of tissue, namely the mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis, and serous tunica. Mucosal mucosa consisted of the lamina epithelium, lamina propria, and mucous lamina muscularis. The submucosal tunica consisted of connective tissue with blood vessels, lymph, and nerves. The muscular tunica was composed of circular muscles and elongated muscles. The serous tunica consisted of a thin layer of connective tissue that was covered by a thin layer of the mesothelium (mesothelium). The histological structure of the snake digestive system is not much different from the reptile digestive system. However, in the small intestine of the snake, Brunner, and liberkhun glands are not found. Lamina epithelial in the small intestine of the snake is composed of the layered cylindrical epithelium.
Health Status Examination of Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) Using Ultrasonography, Cortisol Analysis and Parasite Identification in Aek Nauli Elephant Conservation Camp (ANECC) and Tangkahan Conservation Response Unit (CRU), North Sumatra
Authors: Melia Juli , Sutriana Amalia , Hanafiah Muhammad , Wahyu Muhammad , Lubis Anhar , Fakhrurrozi Aulia , Maulana Teuku A. , Sari Masyitah N.
Published: February 2020

In North Sumatera, captive Sumatran elephants are maintained in several conservation units, 2 of them were Aek Nauli Elephant Conservation Camp (ANECC) and Tangkahan Conservation Response Unit (CRU). Although elephant conservation sites have implemented a management plan to address elephant health and welfare issues, Sumatran elephants in captivity are still susceptible to some of the health issues such as breeding problems, stress, and poor health. Therefore, the health examination is necessary to be conducted regularly as an effort to save the Sumatran elephant which has been categorized as one of the critically endangered animals. This study was carried out in Aek Nauli and Tangkahan which covered the assessment of elephant reproduction status using ultrasonography, cortisol analysis using ELISA, and parasite identification using sedimentation, floatation and Parfit and Banks methods. The ultrasonography examination was carried out on each conservation site, while the collected blood and feces were transferred to Veterinary Medicine Faculty Universitas Syiah Kuala for cortisol and parasite analysis, respectively. The data on reproductive status, cortisol level, and gastrointestinal parasite were analyzed descriptively. The sonography result showed that 3 Sumatran elephants in ANECC had uterine cysts, while one pregnant elephant and two elephants with involution uteri were recorded in CRU Tangkahan. Worm eggs from genus trematode and nematode were found during feces examination in ANECC, but the only nematode was observed in Tangkahan. Elephant maintained in Tangkahan had a higher cortisol level (82.11±61.49 ng/ml) compared to those maintained in ANECC (16.87±3.88 ng/ml). As a conclusion, the reproduction status, cortisol level, and parasite gastrointestinal observed in Sumatran elephant maintained in 2 conservation sites (ANECC and CRU Tangkahan) were different, probably due to different stress factor and management implemented on.
Potency ofMurraya koenigiiLeaves as Anti-Cancer Mammary in 7,12 dimethylbenz(α) anthracene (DMBA) induced-Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Aisyah Siti , Handharyani Ekowati , Bermawie Nurliani , Setiyono Agus
Published: February 2020

The purpose of the research was to study the potency ofMurraya koenigiileaves extract to overcome the mammary tumor in Sprague Dawley rat. Thirty-five female rats were divided into seven groups: control (P1), tumor without therapy (P2), methotrexate group (P3), curative groups (P4 and P5) were given extract after the tumor was formed, and preventive groups (P6 and P7) were given extract before the tumor was formed with dose of 300 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. The induction of mammary tumor in rats were carried out using 7,12 dimethylbenz(α) anthracene (DMBA) subcutaneously. Bodyweight and tumor size were measured every week for 4 weeks. At the end of treatment, rats were euthanized and mammary glands were collected for histopathological examination. The result showed tumor size in P2 was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in other groups. On the other hand, tumor size in P4 and P6 were significantly smaller (p<0.05) compared to P5 and P7. Histopathological changes showed PMN cells, 1-3 layers of cuboid epithelial and solid collagen fibers proliferation in P2, while in P3 to P7 showed moderate collagen fibers proliferation. In conclusion, the administration of the extract at a dose of 300 mg/kg can decelerate tumor development in Sprague Dawley rat mammary gland.