bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“The ultimate academic sin”: Students’ awareness and perceptions of plagiarism
Authors: Burris-Melville Tashieka S , Burris Shalieka T
Published: August 2024

Plagiarism is one of the main ethical issues affecting higher education in the digital age. One area of academic writing that students struggle with is their ability to synthesize and integrate information gathered from disparate sources using the appropriate conventions, which can ultimately lead to academic misconduct. Academic dishonesty has become a growing concern for faculty in colleges and universities. Despite many efforts by educational institutions to implement policies that discourage the occurrence of academic misconduct, many students have been found guilty of not adhering to universities’ policies and codes of conduct. This paper examines students’ perceptions of plagiarism at two Jamaican universities, discusses an academic literacy approach to plagiarism and outlines strategies that can be used to minimize and deter such practices. Data were collected from 160 students, comprising 115 females and 45 males. The results showed that most participants could not identify plagiarized text and did not view some types of plagiarism as serious. The limited ability to identify plagiarism and the downplaying of its severity highlight a critical need for improved academic literacy programs that equip students with the skills to recognize and avoid plagiarism and promote a culture of academic integrity.
The Use of Complementary and Integrative Medicine in Combination With Pharmacological Antiemetics to Address Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Pediatric Oncology: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kajencki Madeleine , Turcotte Lucie , Claar Melissa , Weinfurter Elizabeth V. , Whipple Mary O.
Published: August 2024

Background: Chemotherapy is a common treatment in childhood cancer but causes significant side effects, among the most notable being nausea and vomiting, known as chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Pharmacological antiemetics and complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) have been studied separately to manage CINV, but a gap exists in understanding their use together. We aimed to investigate the potential multimodal effects of CIM and pharmacological antiemetics on CINV in pediatric oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy. Method: Systematic searches were conducted in four databases to identify studies evaluating the efficacy of CIM in combination with pharmacological antiemetics in patients ages 0–21 with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Relevant data were extracted from each study and evaluated. Results: Eighteen sources examining CIM therapies in three distinct categories (herbal, physical, and psychological) were identified. Three of four herbal interventions yielded significant results, all of which implemented oral ginger. Physical interventions included manual and wristband acupressure, auricular acupuncture, and needle and laser acupuncture. Significant results were found in only four of these 10 studies. Among psychological interventions, two of four yielded significant results. Discussion: There is no clear evidence of benefit from CIM therapies in addition to pharmacological antiemetics to better control CINV. However, this review provides support and direction for future research to examine potential effects. Complementary therapies generally have little potential for harm, are relatively low cost, and low burden. Therefore, if there is a perceived benefit for patients and families, complementary and integrative therapies should be considered.
The Groundswell Community Surf Therapy Intervention for At-Risk Women and Changes in Body Acceptance, Resilience, and Emotional Regulation
Authors: Franceschi Laura , Small Natalie , Goldsby Tamara , Goldsby Michael , Padamada Shane , Ziegler Michael G. , Mills Paul J
Published: August 2024

Background

Surf therapy combines physical activity with social support to provide a healing environment.

Objective

This exploratory pre-to post-intervention study examined the effects of a novel surf therapy program for women who experienced abuse, trauma, and/or mental illness on emotional regulation, resilience, body acceptance, and gratitude.

Methods

Twenty-seven women (ages 25 to 54; mean 36.32 + SD 7.79) participated in an 8-week Groundswell Surf Therapy Program held in four different coastal cities in California. Standardized self-report questionnaires were administered prior to and following the therapy program, including the Body Acceptance Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Affective Style Questionnaire, and the Gratitude Questionnaire-Six-Item Form (GQ-6) in a pre-post study design. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results

Body acceptance [ P < 0.001; partial Eta squared = 0.472] and resilience were increased [ P = 0.005; partial Eta squared = 0.319] following the surf therapy intervention. Emotional regulation was examined according to three subscales, with the adjust [ P < 0.001; partial Eta squared = 0.397] and tolerate [ P < 0.001; partial Eta squared = 0.299] subscales increasing following the intervention, and the conceal subscale [ P = 0.459; partial Eta squared = 0.031] remaining unchanged. Gratitude scores were unchanged [ P = 0.425; partial Eta squared = 0.026].

Conclusion

A surf therapy program rooted in somatic and trauma-informed models was associated with improved resilience, emotional regulation, and body acceptance in at-risk women.
Neurodivergent-designed and neurodivergent-led peer support in school: A feasibility and acceptability study of the neurodivergent peer support toolkit (NEST)
Authors: Crompton Catherine J , Fotheringham Francesca , Cebula Katie , Webber Charlotte , Foley Sarah , Fletcher-Watson Sue
Published: August 2024

Most neurodivergent students attend mainstream schools; however, it can be difficult to make and keep friends, and it is common for neurodivergent people to feel excluded at school. Neurodivergent peer support is the idea that young neurodivergent people spend time together, which provides the opportunity to spend time with like-minded others as well as to learn about neurodivergence. This might help make being at school more welcoming. In this study, we asked four schools to run neurodivergent peer support groups using materials called the Neurodivergent peer Support Toolkit (NEST). These materials were co-designed with neurodivergent young people, and we wanted to find out if the groups that used them thought the materials worked for them. We wanted to find out whether NEST-based peer support groups were suitable for mainstream school settings. Students and staff took part in focus groups and interviews to give feedback and results were generally promising. Students enjoyed spending time with their peers and doing new activities. Staff enjoyed facilitating the group and felt it was useful for the young people too.
3D Roughness Prediction Modeling and Evaluation of Textured Liner of Piston Component-Cylinder System
Authors: Lü Yanjun , Liu Cheng , Zhang Yongfang , Jiang Cheng , Bai Xudong , Xing Zhiguo
Published: August 2024

In this study, a machine vision method is proposed to characterize 3D roughness of the textured surface on cylinder liner processed by plateau honing. The least absolute value (L∞) regression robust algorithm and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm are employed to reconstruct image reference plane. On this basis, a single-hidden layer feedforward neural network (SLFNN) based on the extreme learning machine (ELM) is employed to model the relationship between high frequency information and 3D roughness. The characteristic parameters of Abbott-Firestone curve and 3D roughness measured by a confocal microscope are used to construct ELM-SLFNN prediction model for 3D roughness. The results indicate that the proposed method can effectively characterize 3D roughness of the textured surface of cylinder liner.
Predicting informal dementia caregivers’ desire to institutionalize through mining data from an eHealth platform
Authors: Teles Soraia , Viana João , Freitas Alberto , Ribeiro Óscar , Alves Sara , Ferreira Ana , Paúl Constança
Published: August 2024

Background

Dementia is a leading factor in the institutionalization of older adults. Informal caregivers’ desire to institutionalize (DI) their care recipient with dementia (PwD) is a primary predictor of institutionalization. This study aims to develop a prediction model for caregivers’ DI by mining data from an eHealth platform in a high-prevalence dementia country.

Methods

Cross-sectional data were collected from caregivers registering on isupport-portugal.pt. One hundred and four caregivers completed the Desire to Institutionalize Scale (DIS) and were grouped into DI (DIS score ≥ 1) and no DI (DIS score = 0). Participants completed a comprehensive set of sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial measures, pertaining to the caregiver and the PwD, which were accounted as model predictors. The selected model was a classification tree, enabling the visualization of rules for predictions.

Results

Caregivers, mostly female (82.5%), offspring of the PwD (70.2), employed (65.4%), and highly educated (M 15 years of schooling), provided intensive care (Mdn 24 h. week) over a median course of 2.8 years. Two-thirds (66.3%) endorsed at least one item on the DIS (DI group). The model, with caregivers’ perceived stress as the root of the classification tree (split at 28.5 points on the Zarit Burden Interview) and including the ages of caregivers and PwD (split at 46 and 88 years, respectively), as well as cohabitation, employed five rules to predict DI. Caregivers scoring 28.5 and above on burden and caring for PwD under 88 are more prone to DI than those caring for older PwD (rules 1–2), suggesting the influence of expectations on caregiving duration. The model demonstrated high accuracy (0.83, 95%CI 0.75, 0.89), sensitivity (0.88, 95%CI 0.81, 0.95), and good specificity (0.71, 95%CI 0.56, 0.86).

Conclusions

This study distilled a comprehensive range of modifiable and non-modifiable variables into a simplified, interpretable, and accurate model, particularly useful at identifying caregivers with actual DI. Considering the nature of variables within the prediction rules, this model holds promise for application to other existing datasets and as a proxy for actual institutionalization. Predicting the institutional placement of PwD is crucial for intervening on modifiable factors as caregiver burden, and for care planning and financing.
“Letting themselves go during care” – exploring patient autonomy during co-designed intrapartum care in a Beninese maternity ward
Authors: Neufeld Nicole S. Rodriguez , Hounsou Christelle Boyi , Vigan Armelle Akouavi , Unkels Regine , Houngbo Gisèle , Stockart Alice , Hanson Claudia , Dossou Jean-Paul , Alvesson Helle Mölsted
Published: August 2024

Background

Patient autonomy is central to the provision of respectful maternity care. Enabling women to make decisions free of discrimination and coercion, and respecting their privacy and confidentiality can contribute to positive childbirth experiences. This study aimed to deepen the understanding of how patient autonomy is reflected through social practices during intrapartum care in Benin.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews with women and midwives, a focus-group discussion with women’s birth companions, and non-participant observations in the delivery room were conducted within the frame of the ALERT research project. This study analysed data through a reflexive thematic analysis approach, in line with Braun and Clarke.

Results

We identified two themes and five sub-themes. Patient autonomy was systemically suppressed over the course of birth as a result of the conditions of care provision, various forms of coercion and women’s surrendering of their autonomy. Women used other care practices, such as alternative medicine and spiritual care, to counteract experiences of limited autonomy during intrapartum care.

Conclusions

The results pointed to women’s experiences of limited patient autonomy and their use of alternative and spiritual care practices to reclaim their patient autonomy. This study identified spiritual autonomy as an emergent dimension of patient autonomy. Increasing women’s autonomy during childbirth may improve their experiences of childbirth, and the provision of quality and respectful maternity care.
Mental health profiles of 15-year-old adolescents in the Nordic Countries from 2002 to 2022: person-oriented analyses
Authors: Eriksson Charli , Stattin Håkan
Published: August 2024

Background

Studies of time trends in Nordic adolescents' mental health have often relied on analyses of adolescents’ psychosomatic symptoms. In this study, we examine adolescents' self-reports on mental health in the context of the dual factor model, which encompasses both overt manifestations of mental health symptoms and subjective perception of one's health status.

Method

The objective of this study was to employ a person-oriented approach utilizing cluster analysis to discern time trends in mental health profiles of Nordic adolescents, using their psychosomatic complaints and their perception of their overall health as cluster variables. The resulting health profiles were then subjected to a comparative analysis with regard to different measures of psychological and social adjustment. The mental health profiles were based on data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey, which was conducted among almost 50000 15-year-olds in five Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) between 2002 and 2022.

Results

Mental health profiles exhibiting comparable content were observed in all Nordic countries, including profiles indicating adequate health, perceived good health, perceived poor health, high psychosomatic complaints, and dual health problems (defined as both high psychosomatic complaints and perceived poor health). These health profiles showed similar trends over time in the Nordic countries. Significant gender differences were observed. In 2002, adequate health was the dominant profile for both sexes. After 20 years, however, the high psychosomatic profile became the most common profile among girls. Among the three risk profiles, namely perceived poor health, high psychosomatic complaints and dual health problems, adolescents in the dual problems profile had the most psychological and social adjustment problems.

Conclusions

The comparatively lower incidence of adjustment problems among adolescents in the high psychosomatic profile relative to the dual mental health group challenges the prevailing view that there has been a sharp increase in mental health problems among Nordic adolescents. This view was largely based on the observed rise in psychosomatic symptoms. Indeed, there was a doubling in the proportion of adolescents in the high psychosomatic complaints profile between 2002 and 2022. This increase was considerably more pronounced than that observed for the dual health problems profile which exhibited most problems.
Factors associated with patients’ experience of accessibility to general practice: results from a national survey in Norway
Authors: Jelin Elma , Bjertnaes Oyvind , Norman Rebecka Maria
Published: August 2024

Background

This study aimed to explore the influence of patient-, general practitioners (GP)-, and GP practice-level predictor variables on patient-experienced accessibility to GPs and GP practices. Additionally, we aimed to enhance our understanding of patient-experienced accessibility by analysing the free-text comments from patients who reported lowest accessibility scores to GPs and GP practices.

Methods

We performed a secondary analysis of data from a 2021-2022 national Norwegian survey on patient experiences with their GP and GP practice. We identified seven accessibility-related items including experience and acceptance of regular waiting time and for urgent appointments, time spent with the GP, waiting time in the wating-room, and getting in touch with the GP practice by telephone. A composite accessibility score was computed. Predictor variables consisted of patient’s self-reported characteristics, as well as background data about the GP and GP practice from National GP registry. The analysis included multiple linear regression of the composite accessibility score and seven accessibility items. Finally, a qualitative analysis was conducted of free-text survey comments among patients that had a score of 0 (unfavourable) on all the seven accessibility items.

Results

The key factor for patient-experienced accessibility to general practice was seeing their own GP, showing a statistically significant positive correlation (p<0.001) across all seven accessibility items and the composite accessibility score in regression analyses. Other associations with positive experience included better self-reported health, and at the GP-level, a specialization in general medicine. Conversely, a negative experience was associated with longer time since the last GP consultation, female patients, and a higher number of GPs at the practice. Qualitative data confirmed accessibility challenges, detailing quantitative scores and highlighted that low accessibility scores were related to difficulties in seeing one’s own GP.

Conclusions

This study highlights the importance of continuity between patient and their GP in improving patients’ experiences of accessibility to general practice. Several GP and GP practice-level factors were related to patient-reported accessibility. These results can be used to inform initiatives aimed at improving accessibility to general practice.
It is safe to use the ulnar length difference to correct the radial length difference in the 3D-planning process of a radius osteotomy in patients with a distal radius malunion
Authors: Smees Camiel J. , Oude Nijhuis Koen D. , van der Heide Stein , olde Heuvel Judith , Doornberg Job N. , Vochteloo Anne J.H. , Tuijthof Gabriëlle J.M.
Published: August 2024

Background

A corrective radius osteotomy is often performed in patients with a symptomatic distal radius malunion. In 3D-planned osteotomies, the unaffected radius is mirrored over the malunited radius after adjusting for left-right length differences using both ulnae. This approach assumes that ulnar length differences in a malunion population are similar to those in a healthy population. This study was conducted to analyze the difference in ulnar length in a distal radius malunion population and to assess the potential influence of age, sex, or malunion side on this difference.

Methods

We evaluated 65 adult patients with distal radius malunion using bilateral forearm CT scans. 3D models of both ulnae were constructed, and length differences were determined along a standardized length axis. The results were compared to two populations without a radius malunion.

Results

The average absolute ulnar length difference was 2.57 mm (SD 1.81), which was comparable to the two healthy populations. This difference was not significantly affected by age, sex, or malunion side.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that using the ulnar length difference to correct for radial length difference in the current 3D planning process, before using the contralateral radius as a template for a corrective osteotomy in patients with radius malunion, is safe.
Osteoinductive potential of graphene and graphene oxide for bone tissue engineering: a comparative study
Authors: Kashte Shivaji Bhikaji , Kadam Sachin , Maffulli Nicola , Potty Anish G. , Migliorini Filippo , Gupta Ashim
Published: August 2024

Background

Bone defects, especially critical-size bone defects, and their repair pose a treatment challenge. Osteoinductive scaffolds have gained importance given their potential in bone tissue engineering applications.

Methods

Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds are used for their morphological, physical, cell-compatible and osteoinductive properties. The PCL scaffolds were prepared by electrospinning, and the surface was modified by layer-by-layer deposition using either graphene or graphene oxide.

Results

Graphene oxide-coated PCL (PCL-GO) scaffolds showed a trend for enhanced physical properties such as fibre diameter, wettability and mechanical properties, yield strength, and tensile strength, compared to graphene-modified PCL scaffolds (PCL-GP). However, the surface roughness of PCL-GP scaffolds showed a higher trend than PCL-GO scaffolds. In vitro studies showed that both scaffolds were cell-compatible. Graphene oxide on PCL scaffold showed a trend for enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells without any differentiation media than graphene on PCL scaffolds after 21 days.

Conclusion

Graphene oxide showed a trend for higher mineralisation, but this trend is not statistically significant. Therefore, graphene and graphene oxide have the potential for bone regeneration and tissue engineering applications. Future in vivo studies and clinical trials are warranted to justify their ultimate clinical use.

Graphical abstract
An extensible and unifying approach to retrospective clinical data modeling: the BrainTeaser Ontology
Authors: Faggioli Guglielmo , Menotti Laura , Marchesin Stefano , Chió Adriano , Dagliati Arianna , de Carvalho Mamede , Gromicho Marta , Manera Umberto , Tavazzi Eleonora , Di Nunzio Giorgio Maria , Silvello Gianmaria , Ferro Nicola
Published: August 2024

Automatic disease progression prediction models require large amounts of training data, which are seldom available, especially when it comes to rare diseases. A possible solution is to integrate data from different medical centres. Nevertheless, various centres often follow diverse data collection procedures and assign different semantics to collected data. Ontologies, used as schemas for interoperable knowledge bases, represent a state-of-the-art solution to homologate the semantics and foster data integration from various sources. This work presents the BrainTeaser Ontology (BTO), an ontology that models the clinical data associated with two brain-related rare diseases (ALS and MS) in a comprehensive and modular manner. BTO assists in organizing and standardizing the data collected during patient follow-up. It was created by harmonizing schemas currently used by multiple medical centers into a common ontology, following a bottom-up approach. As a result, BTO effectively addresses the practical data collection needs of various real-world situations and promotes data portability and interoperability. BTO captures various clinical occurrences, such as disease onset, symptoms, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and relapses, using an event-based approach. Developed in collaboration with medical partners and domain experts, BTO offers a holistic view of ALS and MS for supporting the representation of retrospective and prospective data. Furthermore, BTO adheres to Open Science and FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) principles, making it a reliable framework for developing predictive tools to aid in medical decision-making and patient care. Although BTO is designed for ALS and MS, its modular structure makes it easily extendable to other brain-related diseases, showcasing its potential for broader applicability.

Database URL https://zenodo.org/records/7886998.
Endovascular treatment of contained ruptured internal thoracic artery aneurysm mimicking a tumor in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1: a case report
Authors: Oda Ryoma , Endo Daisuke , Udagawa Takeshi , Okada Shingo , Kuwatsuru Ryohei , Tabata Minoru
Published: August 2024

Background

An internal thoracic artery aneurysm (ITAA) is an exceedingly rare condition, with approximately two-thirds of reported cases being iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms. The remainder are attributed to various causes, including vasculitis, connective tissue disease, and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). NF-1 is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by distinct clinical manifestations that occasionally include life-threatening vascular complications. Although NF-1 patients may develop various vascular abnormalities, ruptured ITAA is rarely reported, with only seven published cases.

Case presentation

A 32-year-old man with NF-1 consulted for a three-day history of persistent left back and upper arm pain. Initial chest radiography indicated left pleural effusion and an opacity at the left lung apex. Computed tomography scan revealed a mass in the left upper mediastinum that was initially suspected to be a tumor. Subsequent contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed the mass to be a subclavian artery aneurysm. Detailed contrast-enhanced computed tomography with 1-mm slices was performed for surgical planning, identifying the mass as a left ITAA with contained rupture. Given the risk of re-rupture, emergency angiography was performed, which confirmed rupture of the left ITAA without extravasation. The ITAA was successfully treated with multiple microcoils at the proximal and distal ends. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged on the fourth postoperative day.

Conclusions

This case highlights the importance of considering vascular lesions in NF-1 patients who present with pleural effusion. It also emphasizes the challenges in diagnosing ITAA and the effectiveness of thin-slice contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans and endovascular treatment.
Surpass Evolve flow diverter in the treatment for complex wide neck ruptured internal carotid artery aneurysm: technical report of two cases with brief literature review
Authors: Karki Mohan , Rajpal Girish
Published: August 2024

Background

Treatment of complex wide neck internal carotid aneurysm is technically difficult with both surgical as well as endovascular therapy. In this study, we work with flow diverter device to construct vascular lumen which diverts the blood flow from aneurysm sac.

Case presentation

We report on two patients with two complex wide neck ruptured aneurysms located in the internal carotid artery associated with two small aneurysms who presented with severe headache and vomiting. All aneurysms were treated with single Surpass Evolve flow diverter (SE-FD) placement. Post-procedural clinical and angiographic outcomes were evaluated

Conclusion

This study shows that Surpass Evolve flow diverter is safe and validity for management of complex wide neck internal carotid artery aneurysm and able to terminate all blister aneurysms associated with the parent artery.
Judicial Territory
Authors: Potts Shaina
Published: August 2024

In Judicial Territory, Shaina Potts reveals how the American empire has benefited from the post-World War II expansion of United States judicial authority over the economic decisions of postcolonial governments. Introducing the term “judicial territory” to refer to the increasingly transnational space over which US courts wield authority, Potts argues that law is an essential tool for US geopolitical and economic interests. Through close examination of cases involving private US companies, on the one hand, and foreign state-owned enterprises, nationalizations, and sovereign debt, on the other, she shows that technical changes relating to the treatment of foreign sovereigns in domestic US law allowed the United States to extend its purview over global financial and economic relations, including many economic decisions of foreign governments. Throughout, Potts argues, US law has not become divorced from territoriality but instead actively remapped it; it has not merely responded to globalization, but actively produced it—making the whole world part of US economic space in the process.
Understanding the interplay between dNTP metabolism and genome stability in cancer
Authors: Yagüe-Capilla Miriam , Rudd Sean G.
Published: August 2024

The size and composition of the intracellular DNA precursor pool is integral to the maintenance of genome stability, and this relationship is fundamental to our understanding of cancer. Key aspects of carcinogenesis, including elevated mutation rates and induction of certain types of DNA damage in cancer cells, can be linked to disturbances in deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pools. Furthermore, our approaches to treat cancer heavily exploit the metabolic interplay between the DNA and the dNTP pool, with a long-standing example being the use of antimetabolite-based cancer therapies, and this strategy continues to show promise with the development of new targeted therapies. In this Review, we compile the current knowledge on both the causes and consequences of dNTP pool perturbations in cancer cells, together with their impact on genome stability. We outline several outstanding questions remaining in the field, such as the role of dNTP catabolism in genome stability and the consequences of dNTP pool expansion. Importantly, we detail how our mechanistic understanding of these processes can be utilised with the aim of providing better informed treatment options to patients with cancer.
Biomechanical and morphological determinants of maximal jumping performance in callitrichine monkeys
Authors: Boulinguez-Ambroise Grégoire , Boyer Doug M. , Dunham Noah T. , Yapuncich Gabriel S. , Bradley-Cronkwright Madison , Zeininger Angel , Schmitt Daniel , Young Jesse W.
Published: August 2024

Jumping is a crucial behavior in fitness-critical activities including locomotion, resource acquisition, courtship displays and predator avoidance. In primates, paleontological evidence suggests selection for enhanced jumping ability during their early evolution. However, our interpretation of the fossil record remains limited, as no studies have explicitly linked levels of jumping performance with interspecific skeletal variation. We used force platform analyses to generate biomechanical data on maximal jumping performance in three genera of callitrichine monkeys falling along a continuum of jumping propensity: Callimico (relatively high propensity jumper), Saguinus (intermediate jumping propensity) and Callithrix (relatively low propensity jumper). Individuals performed vertical jumps to perches of increasing height within a custom-built tower. We coupled performance data with high-resolution micro-CT data quantifying bony features thought to reflect jumping ability. Levels of maximal performance between species – e.g. maximal take-off velocity of the center of mass (CoM) – parallel established gradients of jumping propensity. Both biomechanical analysis of jumping performance determinants (e.g. CoM displacement, maximal force production and peak mechanical power during push-off) and multivariate analyses of bony hindlimb morphology highlight different mechanical strategies among taxa. For instance, Callimico, which has relatively long hindlimbs, followed a strategy of fully extending of the limbs to maximize CoM displacement – rather than force production – during push-off. In contrast, relatively shorter-limbed Callithrix depended mostly on relatively high push-off forces. Overall, these results suggest that leaping performance is at least partially associated with correlated anatomical and behavioral adaptations, suggesting the possibility of improving inferences about performance in the fossil record.
Zooming to Class? Experimental Evidence on College Students’ Online Learning during COVID-19
Authors: Kofoed Michael S. , Gebhart Lucas , Gilmore Dallas , Moschitto Ryan
Published: August 2024

One persistent question in higher education is the efficacy of online education. In the fall of 2020, we randomized 551 West Point students in a required introductory economics course across 12 instructors to either an online or in-person class as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Final grades for online students dropped by 0.215 standard deviations, a result apparent in both assignments and exams and largest for academically at-risk students. A postcourse survey finds that online students struggled to concentrate in class and felt less connected to their instructors and peers. Our results show detrimental effects for online learning. (JEL A22, I12, I23, I26)
Regulating Transformative Technologies
Authors: Acemoglu Daron , Lensman Todd
Published: August 2024

Transformative technologies like generative AI promise to accelerate productivity growth across many sectors, but they also present new risks from potential misuse. We develop a multisector technology adoption model to study the optimal regulation of transformative technologies when society can learn about these risks over time. Socially optimal adoption is gradual and typically convex. If social damages are large and proportional to the new technology’s productivity, a higher growth rate paradoxically leads to slower optimal adoption. Equilibrium adoption is inefficient when firms do not internalize all social damages, and sector-independent regulation is helpful but generally not sufficient to restore optimality. (JEL D21, H21, H25, O31, O33)
Ética no atendimento de enfermagem na unidade de terapia intensiva no contexto da pandemia pelo novo coronavírus
Authors: Silva Donizete Azevedo dos Santos , Borba Kátia Pereira de , Oliveira Bruna Eduarda Schreiner de , Daniella Machado Araújo Marília , Borba Evandro de
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: Identificar a percepção da equipe de enfermagem atuante em uma unidade de terapia intensiva sobre as questões éticas que envolveram o atendimento de pessoas infectadas pelo Covid 19. Método: Estudo descritivo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa.  Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa seis técnicas de enfermagem e uma enfermeira, na faixa etária 30 a 40 anos, com tempo de atuação superior a seis meses na UTI Covid. Entre as questões éticas percebidas pelo grupo investigado, a impotência e a tristeza por não conseguir salvar uma vida; medo de adquirir Covid 19 ao realizar o cuidado e por conseguinte transmitir aos familiares e a satisfação em reverter a doença dos acometidos pela gravidade da infecção, foram sentimentos exaltados. As situações vividas junto as famílias das vítimas pelo Covid 19, as quais desencadearam sintomas de ansiedade na equipe pesquisada, foram apontadas como dilemas éticos vivenciados. Destarte, a união da equipe, interdisciplinar e de enfermagem, pareceu ter contribuído beneficamente para o desenvolvimento do trabalho. Conclusão: As questões éticas percebidas pelas participantes no estudo envolveram a satisfação no sucesso do tratamento, e em grande proporção, o sentimento de impotência pelo agravamento e ou óbito das vítimas pelo Covid 19.  Enaltecendo a grandeza das investigadas, reconhece-se um grupo imerso em um ambiente laboral envolvido em um processo de trabalho rico em superação de valores e princípios, e com potencialidade para a incorporação de novos valores e virtudes morais.
The spectrum of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: a Tunisian cohort
Authors: Naceur Ines , Baya chatti Amal , Jridi Maysam , Ben Achour Tayssir , Smiti Monia , Said Fatma
Published: August 2024

Background Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) encompass a heterogenous group of auto-immune diseases. The identification of myositis specific antibodies (MSA) and their associations with distinct phenotypes has improved the categorization of these conditions. Objective The aim of this study was to describe and report the clinical and immunological characteristics of IIM among Tunisian patients. Method A retrospective study conducted in the internal medicine department at the Rabta University Hospital Center over 22 years, including adult patients with IIM according to the American college of rheumatology/European league against rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) classification criteria and Connors’ criteria for anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS). Inclusion body myositis and myositis associated with other conditions were excluded. Demographic, clinical, and immunological characteristics were analyzed and compared. Results Ninety-seven patients were included (Male/female ratio= 0.36, mean age = 48.4 +- 13.8 years). Muscular involvement was present in 88% of patients, affecting locomotor muscles (88%), gastrointestinal (43%), laryngeal (10%), cardiac (8%), and respiratory (1%) systems. Muscle weakness was primarily noted in the pelvic girdle (81%), scapular region (74%), axial muscles (20%), and distal muscles (5%). Myolysis was observed in 77% of patients, and histological evidence of myositis in 73%. Diffuse interstitial pneumonia (DIP) was present in 45% of patients, cutaneous involvement in 85%, and articular involvement in 48%. MSAs were detected in 52% of patients. Analysis revealed significantly higher frequencies of amyopathic forms, DIP, palmar hyperkeratosis, and articular involvement in the ASS group. The DM group exhibited higher frequencies of gastrointestinal signs, Gottron’s papules, heliotrope rash, photosensitive rashes, ulcerations, and skin necrosis. The NAM group had higher frequencies of gastrointestinal signs, myolysis, and lower frequencies of DIP and cutaneous involvement. Conclusion Our findings corroborate previously established clinico-immunological associations reported in the literature underscoring the need for a combined clinico-serological approach in classifying IIM.
Code and Data Repository Product Redesign and Innovation Based on Online Reviews: A Multistage Combined Search Method
Authors: Qin Jindong , Zheng Pan , Wang Xiaojun
Published: August 2024

Online reviews published on the e-commerce platform provide a new source of information for designers to develop new products. Past research on new product development (NPD) using user-generated textual data commonly focused solely on extracting and identifying product features to be improved. However, the competitive analysis of product features and more specific improvement strategies have not been explored deeply. This study {fully uses} the rich semantic attributes of online review texts and proposes a novel online review--driven modeling framework. This new approach can extract fine-grained product features; calculate their importance, performance, and competitiveness; and build a competitiveness network for each feature. As a result, decision-making is assisted, and specific product improvement strategies are developed for NPD beyond existing modeling approaches in this domain. Specifically, online reviews are first classified into redesign- and innovation-related themes using a multiple embedding model, and the redesign and innovation product features can be extracted accordingly using a mutual information multilevel feature extraction method. Moreover, the importance and performance of features are calculated, and the competitiveness and competitiveness network of features are obtained through a personalized unidirectional bipartite graph algorithm. Finally, the importance—performance—competitiveness analysis plot is constructed, and the product improvement strategy is developed via a multistage combined search algorithm. Case studies and comparative experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method and provide novel business insights for stakeholders, such as product providers, managers, and designers.
Determinant of Stunting in Indonesia: A Review Article
Authors: Budiastutik Indah , Nugraheni Sri Achadi
Published: August 2024

Background: Stunting prevalence data in Indonesia has sufficient number relatively similar with riskesdas result year 2007 (36.8%), 2010 (35.6%) until 2013 increase to 37.2% (1), although riskesdas 2018 result decline 6.4%. It becomes 30.8% (2), but the problem of stunting in Indonesia is still above prevalence globally, 22.2% (3). WHO determines definition of nutrition case is fewer than 20% (4), therefore Indonesia included to state which has public health problem, especially stunting case. Stunting has long risk such as PTM when going adult, though it can be prevented early.Objective: this article review aims to identify determinant factors which take a risk to stunting of Indonesian children.Methodology: We applies concept framework from WHO about stunting on children. By using designs of non-randomized control trials, observational studies, this article review applied through browsing the article using Google scholer, Proquest, Medline and several on line journals which published 10 years latest, then taking research subject of mother and child, Research applied in West Kalimantan.Result: From browsing finding obtained 2.435 relevant articles to conduct the citation, there are 2.122 completed the requirement after conducting the title and absract review, after carrying out the screening throuh full text review of articles obtained 360 titles, then 15 articles which completed the inclusive/ exclusive criteria. Based on literature finding of review consistently shows that giving inclusive motherâ€˜s milk, low economic status of household, premature birthing, length of birthing and low education of mother, and also children live in the village, bad sanitation, and the culture is a determinant factor of children stunting in Indonesia.Conclusion: From the comprehensive synthesis concerning stunting on Indonesian children can be found out who is the most susceptible of stunting and the factors influence of stunting on children.
Prediction PCC Cement Compressive Strength Based on Chemical Compounds and Physical Properties with Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Aswamedhika Aswamedhika , Santoso Bagus Jati
Published: August 2024

Indonesia has a mission to become a developed country by 2045. To achieve this mission, the government is aggressively carrying out equitable development through infrastructure development. Cement is one of the important components in infrastructure development. Compressive strength is one of the quality requirements that must be met by cement products. Compressive strength testing in industry using laboratory equipment takes a long time of up to 28 days for the entire set of test results to be completed. Data collection was taken at PT XYZ with a duration of 5 years. Data was taken from laboratory tests and operational data. In this study, machine learning algorithms used is linear regression, random forest, and neural networks. The modeling of the system obtained is expected to be able to predict the compressive strength of cement aged 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days so that the quality of the cement produced can be estimated quickly and does not take a long time. In addition, it is expected to know chemical compounds and physical properties that can affect the compressive strength of cement. The final result is the decision-making if the parameter changes can be mitigated quickly.
Bernard Mandeville’s Fashionable Consumerism as Public Virtue
Authors: Finley Autumn
Published: August 2024

Abstract: In The Fable of the Bees (1724), Bernard Mandeville acknowledges that humans are inherently selfish, yet he asserts that the feminized vice of conspicuous fashion consumption can lead to public virtue. While Mandeville understands that unchecked consumption of foreign goods is problematic, he also asserts that women’s vanity supports trade within the global British merchant economy. When women purchased foreign luxury goods—such as silk—it allowed merchants to sell more British homespun abroad, since no foreign economy had enough ready money to buy those goods outright.
Recent Studies in the Restoration and Eighteenth Century
Authors: Broglio Ron
Published: August 2024

Abstract: An assessment of recent scholarly work treating the literature of the Restoration and Eighteenth Century and some general observations on the state of the profession. A full bibliography and price list of works received by SEL for consideration follow. Prices are those listed at the time books were received by SEL for review.
The Chronotope of the Archive in the Stratford Festival's 2001 Henry V
Authors: Jenstad Janelle
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This essay reads the 2001 production of Henry V , directed by Jeannette Lambermont for the Stratford Festival of Canada, as an attempt to trouble the archive of the play-text. Going beyond the rabbit/duck duality of the play, the production provided additional framing for the Chorus: an archaeologically layered set, extensive live and archival video, interpolated transitional scenes, and an onstage cellist. Drawing on the Stratford Festival's own archives, as well as reviews of the production, this essay argues that these directorial additions located Agincourt as one of many battles fought on the same ground, the play as one of many nationalist archives, and the Chorus as a biased interpreter of the archive. The production, which opened before and closed after 9/11, remains relevant for its prescient interrogation of the relationship between war messaging and archival manipulation.
Analysis of high-quality ultrashort pulse generation based on a dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator and chirp compensation
Authors: Bai Zhuoya , Yu Jinghan , Hou Weichen , Li Shangyuan , Xue Xiaoxiao , Zheng Xiaoping
Published: August 2024

This study reports on high-quality picosecond pulse generation using a single-stage dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (DDMZM) and chirp compensation. Sinusoidal microwave signals with different amplitudes are sent to two RF ports of the DDMZM to form a pulse train and pulse compression is achieved by compensating for the linear frequency chirp with a single-mode fiber (SMF). Three parameters encompassing the power difference between two RF signals, the power of RF signals, and the bias point of the DDMZM that affect the pulse formation have been numerically studied. The optimum length of SMF used for chirp compensation is obtained by simulating the temporal propagation and evolution of the pulse in SMF and 3.56-ps chirp-compensated ultrashort pulses are realized at 1.55 µm with a 25-GHz repetition rate experimentally. Modulator-based flexible ultrashort pulse generation can be achieved easily by tuning the RF generator and light source, and customized high-quality pulses according to practical applications can be expected.
Ultraviolet positioning via TDOA: error analysis and system prototype
Authors: Yu Shihui , Lv Chubing , Yang Yueke , Pan Yuchen , Sun Lei , Cao Juliang , Yu Ruihang , Wu Wenqi , Gong Chen , Xu Zhengyuan
Published: August 2024

This work performs the design, real-time hardware realization, and experimental evaluation of a positioning system by ultra-violet (UV) communication under photon-level signal detection. The positioning is based on the time-difference of arrival (TDOA) principle. Time division-based transmission of synchronization sequence from three transmitters with known positions is applied. We investigate the positioning error by decomposing it into two parts, the transmitter-side timing error and the receiver-side synchronization error. The theoretical average error matches well with the simulation results, which indicates that theoretical fitting can provide reliable guidance and prediction for hardware experiments. We also conduct real-time hardware realization of the TDOA-based positioning system using field programmable gate array (FPGA), which is experimentally evaluated via outdoor experiments. Experimental results match well with the theoretical and simulation results.
High-precision short-distance dual-comb ranging system without carrier-envelope-offset locking
Authors: Yang Yuetang , Qian Shan , Zhou Siyu , Wu Guanhao
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we propose a high-precision dual-comb ranging (DCR) method for short-distance measurement, avoiding carrier-envelope-offset locking. Cross-polarization detection is introduced, which makes better use of the intrinsic coherence of interferogram pairs over a short distance. We analyze the noise in the DCR system and propose a carrier-wave phase difference (CPD) calculation algorithm based on centroid extraction. The standard deviation of CPD is eight times less than that of the method we had proposed in a previous work, and the dynamic distance resolution is less than 10 nm at a distance of 10 µm. Besides, we compare the DCR result with the He-Ne laser interferometer from 0 to 4.8 mm, and the residual is found to be less than ±40 nm.