bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, Magnetic Properties, and Electronic Structure of New Copper(II) μ‐isophthalato Dimers
Authors: Shakhatreh Saleh K. , Bakalbassis Evangelos G. , Tsipis Constantinos A. , Mrozinski Jerzy
Published: January 2011

Five new Cu(II) dimers were obtained by reacting piperidinium isophthalate with Cu(ClO4)2 · 6H2O and the corresponding polyamine in methanol. All complexes were characterized by elemental analysis and by their IR, UV‐VIS reflectance, and EPR spectra. The exchange parameters, J values of −1.10 to −0.10 cm–1 were found (least‐squares fitting to the spin Hamiltonian H = −2 J · S1 · S2) by evaluation of the magnetic susceptibility of all complexes in the temperature range 4.2 to 290 K. Despite the low experimental J values derived, there is a dependence of the J values on both the local geometry around each magnetic center and the bonding mode of the intervening isophthalato ligand. These effects, are further investigated through EHMO calculations performed on model compounds exhibiting a wide range of stereochemistry on the two magnetic centers. Estimates of the J parameters experimentally derived were in close agreement with corresponding trend theoretically calculated.

Synthese, spektroskopische Charakterisierung, magnetische Eigenschaften und elektronische Struktur neuer Kupfer (II)‐μ‐isophthalato Dimere

Inhaltsübersicht. Fünf neue CuII‐Dimere wurden durch Reaktion des Piperidiniumisophthalats mit Cu(ClO4)2 · 6H2O und eines Polyamins in Methanol erhalten. Die Komplexe wurden durch Elementaranalyse sowie ihre IR, UV‐VIS und EPR‐Spektren charakterisiert. Die magnetischen Suszeptibilitäten der Komplexe im Bereich von 4,2 bis 290 K ergaben Austauschparameter, J‐Werte, von −1,10 bis −0,10 cm−1 auf der Basis eines Spin‐Hamiltonoperators, H = −2J · S1 · S2; die J‐Werte wurden mit der Methode der kleinsten Quadrate über die magnetischen Suszeptibilitäten gefittet. Obwohl die experimentell ermittelten J‐Werte sehr niedrig liegen, kann eine Abhängigkeit der J‐Werte sowohl von der lokalen Geometrie jedes magnetischen Zentrums als auch von der Bindungsart des dazwischenliegenden Isophthalato‐Liganden festgestellt werden. Diese Effekte wurden ferner durch EHMO‐Berechnungen an Modellverbindungen, unter Variation der lokalen Geometrie an den zwei magnetischen Zentren, untersucht. Die Reihe der experimentell ermittelten J‐Parameter steht in guter Übereinstimmung mit den entsprechenden berechneten Werten.
Lipoproteinstoffwechsel und koronare Herzkrankheit
Authors: Utermann G.
Published: January 2011

Untersuchungen von genetischen Störungen des Lipoproteinstoffwechsels und deren Zusammenhang mit der koronaren Herzkrankheit (KHK) haben eine VorreiteroIIe für das Verständnis der Genetik komplexer Erkrankungen gespielt. Sie haben darüber hinaus zur Entwicklung von Medikamenten zur Prävention der Atherosklerose als häufigster Todesursache in den lndustrieländem geführt. So hat die Analyse der familiären Hypercholesterinämie (FH), deren häufigste Ursache Mutationen im LDLR-Gen sind, zur Entwicklung der HMG-CoA-Reduktasehemmer (Statine) beigetragen. Mittlerweile wurden durch genomweite Assoziationsstudien (GWAS) Varianten in über 90 Genen gefunden, die die Konzentrationen von Plasmalipiden beeinflussen. Diese erklären aber nur einen geringen Teil der genetischen Varianz. Am Beispiel des klassischen Apo-E-Polymorphismus wird als ein möglicher Grund für die „missing heritability“ die Auswahl der auf den Arrays repräsentierten SNPs diskutiert und gezeigt, dass Interaktionen dazu führen können, dass Assoziationen von Genotypen mit Erkrankungen übersehen werden. Aufgrund genetischer Untersuchungen nach dem Prinzip der „Mendelian randomization“ ist die pathophysiologische Relevanz einer hohen Lp(a)-Konzentration als Risikofaktor für KHK heutzutage unbestritten. Für Patienten mit terminaler Niereninsuffizienz ist jedoch ein Polymorphismus (KIV-2-CNV) im LPA-Gen ein besserer Prädiktor für die KHK als erhöhte Lp(a)-Konzentrationen im Plasma.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in muscle tissue of complex regional pain syndrome type I patients
Authors: Tanl Edward C.T. , Janssenl Antoon J.M. , Roestenbergl Peggy , van den Heuvell Lambert P. , Gorisl R. Jan A. , Rodenburgl Richard J.T.
Published: January 2011

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to be involved in the pathophysiology of complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I). Since the mitochondrial respiratory chain is a major source of ROS, we hypothesized that mitochondria play a role in the pathophysiology of CRPS I. The hypothesis was tested by studying mitochondrial energy metabolism in muscle tissue from amputated limbs of CRPS I patients. We observed that mitochondria obtained from CRPS I muscle tissue displayed reduced mitochondrial ATP production and substrate oxidation rates in comparison to control muscle tissue. Moreover, we observed reactive oxygen species evoked damage to mitochondrial proteins and reduced MnSOD levels. It remains to be established if the mitochondrial dysfunction that is apparent at the end‐stage of CRPS I is also present in earlier stages of the disease, or are secondary to CRPS I. The observation of a reduced mitochondrial energy production combined with reactive oxygen species induced damage in muscle tissue from CRPS I patients warrants further studies into the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunctioning in the pathophysiology of CRPS I.
Accuracy of visual inspection with acetic acid for cervical cancer screening
Authors: Sauvaget Catherine , Fayette Jean‐Marie , Muwonge Richard , Wesley Ramani , Sankaranarayanan Rengaswamy
Published: January 2011

Objective

To provide an updated estimation of the accuracy of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) in detecting true disease.

Methods

A PubMed search provided original studies on VIA accuracy in which the gold standard for confirmatory testing was histology alone or colposcopy followed by biopsy. The numbers of true‐positive, false‐positive, false‐negative, and true‐negative results were extracted from each study. Meta‐analyses were then performed with different categories of studies according to confirmatory diagnosis threshold, category of women who received confirmatory testing, and whether a medical condition that could affect VIA accuracy was present at screening. The reference category consisted of 26 studies in which VIA was performed on asymptomatic women who all underwent confirmatory testing and in which the disease threshold was cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2.

Results

We report an 80% sensitivity (range, 79%–82%) and a 92% specificity (range, 91%–92%) for VIA. Study region, capacity of screener, or size of the study population did not modify VIA accuracy. The positive predictive value was 10% (range, 9%–10%).

Conclusion

Screening for precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions using VIA is a simple, low‐cost, and efficient alternative to cytologic testing in low‐resource areas.
Prevalence and correlates of intimate partner violence among women attending HIV voluntary counseling and testing in northern Tanzania, 2005–2008
Authors: Prabhu Malavika , Mchome Bariki , Ostermann Jan , Itemba Dafrosa , Njau Bernard , Thielman Nathan ,   KIWAKKUKI‐Duke VCT Study Group
Published: January 2011

Objective

To investigate the prevalence and correlates of intimate partner violence (IPV) among women at an HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) center in northern Tanzania.

Methods

In a cross‐sectional study, the lifetime history of IPV experienced by women attending an HIV VCT center in Moshi, Tanzania, from June 2005 to January 2008 was assessed. Bivariate and ordered logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for IPV.

Results

Of 2436 enrolled women, 432 (17.7%) reported IPV during their lifetime. Older, unemployed, and less‐educated women, and those with children were more likely to have experienced IPV (P < 0.05). IPV exposure differed by marital status (P < 0.001). Adjusting for sociodemographics, the odds ratio of IPV was 1.51 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–2.07) for married women and 2.25 (95% CI 1.63–3.10) for divorced women, compared with single women. HIV prevalence did not differ by IPV exposure or severity; however, 22.4% of single women who had experienced IPV were HIV seropositive, compared with 15.1% of women with no experience of IPV (P = 0.041).

Conclusion

Given that IPV represents both a risk factor for and a consequence of HIV infection, VCT sites are an appropriate and accessible venue for IPV screening and counseling in resource‐poor settings.
Lohnt sich die partizipative Entscheidungsfindung?
Authors: Klemperer David
Published: January 2011

Einleitung

Das Konzept der partizipativen Entscheidungsfindung (Synonym: Shared Decision Making) ist ein wesentliches Element der Patientenorientierung. Die Systematik, die der partizipativen Entscheidungsfindung (PEF) zugrunde liegt, soll sicherstellen, dass der Arzt alle Aspekte anspricht, die für eine von beiden Seiten getragene medizinische Entscheidung relevant sind.
Modification of anin vitromodel simulating the whole digestive process to investigate cellular endpoints of chemoprevention
Authors: Stein Katrin , Borowicki Anke , Scharlau Daniel , Scheu Kerstin , Brenner-Weiß Gerald , Obst Ursula , Hollmann Jürgen , Lindhauer Meinolf , Wachter Norbert , Glei Michael
Published: January 2011

In vitrogut fermentation systems are relevant tools to study health benefits of foodstuffs. Most of them are commonly used to investigate the degradation of nutrients or the development of gut flora. Using these models, strong cytotoxic effects of the resulting samples on cultured cells were observed. Hence, the aim of the present study was to develop a modifiedin vitrofermentation model that simulates the whole digestive tract and generates fermented samples that are suitable for testing in cell culture experiments. Wholemeal wheat flour (wwf) was digested and fermentedin vitrowith a fermentation model using different ox gall concentrations (41·6 and 0·6 g/l). The resulting fermentation supernatants (fs) were characterised for metabolites and biological effects in HT29 cells. The fermentation of wwf increased chemopreventive SCFA and decreased carcinogenic deoxycholic acid (DCA). The strong cytotoxic effects of the fs, which were partly due to cholic acid and DCA, were diminished by lowering the ox gall concentration, allowing the use of the samples in cell culture experiments. In conclusion, anin vitrodigestion model, which can be used to study the effects of foodstuffs on chemoprevention and gut health in colon cells, is introduced and its physiological relevance is demonstrated.
Periconceptional folic acid supplementation and anthropometric measures at birth in a cohort of pregnant women in Valencia, Spain
Authors: Pastor-Valero Maria , Navarrete-Muñoz Eva Maria , Rebagliato Marisa , Iñiguez Carmen , Murcia Mario , Marco Alfredo , Ballester Ferran , Vioque Jesus
Published: January 2011

We examined the relationship between dietary folate intake and periconceptional use of folic acid (FA) supplements, and small-for-gestational age for weight (SGA-W) and height (SGA-H). The study is based on 786 Spanish women aged 16 years or above, who attended the first-term prenatal population-based screening programme (10–13 weeks) at the reference hospital ‘La Fe’, Valencia, with singleton pregnancy. Periconceptional use of FA supplements was categorised as non-users, moderate users ( ≤ 1 mg/d) and high users (>1 mg/d). Babies born to mothers who used high doses of FA supplements had a significant reduction in mean birth height compared with babies of non-users (β = − 0·53, 95 % CI − 0·96, − 0·09). As regards weight, mothers using moderate and high doses of FA supplements had lower-birth-weight babies for gestational age than non-users (β = − 22·96, 95 % CI − 101·14, 55·23; β = − 89·72, 95 % CI − 188·64, 9·21, respectively), although these decreases were not significant. Results from the multivariate logistic regression models showed that high FA supplement users had a higher significant risk for SGA-H (OR 5·33, 95 % CI 2·08, 13·7), and that users of moderate doses were not associated with a higher risk of either a SGA-W or a SGA-H baby. In contrast, increased quintiles of the dietary intake of folate were associated with a decreased risk of SGA-W (Pfor trend = 0·002), although no association was observed for SGA-H. Our findings suggest that periconceptional use of FA supplements greater than 1 mg/d is associated with decreased birth height and may entail a risk of decreased birth weight.
Characterisation of DDT and Pyrethroid Resistance in Trinidad and Tobago populations ofAedes aegypti
Authors: Polson K.A. , Rawlins S.C. , Brogdon W.G. , Chadee D.D.
Published: January 2011

Insecticide resistance is an important factor in the effectiveness ofAedes aegypticontrol and the related spread of dengue. The objectives of this study were to investigate the status of the organochlorine dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and pyrethroid (permethrin and deltamethrin) resistance in Trinidad and Tobago populations ofAe. aegyptiand the underlying biochemical mechanisms. Nine populations ofAe. aegyptilarvae from Trinidad and Tobago were assayed to DDT and PYs using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) time-mortality-based bioassay method. A diagnostic dosage (DD) was established for each insecticide using the CAREC reference susceptibleAe. aegyptistrain and a resistance threshold (RT), time in which 98–100% mortality was observed in the CAREC strain, was calculated for each insecticide. Mosquitoes which survived the DD and RT were considered as resistant, and the resistance status of each population was categorised based on the WHO criteria with mortality <80% indicative of resistance. Biochemical assays were conducted to determine the activities of α and β esterases, mixed function oxidases (MFO) and glutathione-S-transferases (GST) enzymes which are involved in resistance of mosquitoes to DDT and PYs. Enzymatic activity levels in each population were compared with those obtained for the CAREC susceptible strain, and significant differences were determined by Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey's non-parametric tests (P<0.05). The established DDs were 0.01 mg l−1, 0.2 mg l−1and 1.0 mg l−1for deltamethrin, permethrin and DDT, respectively; and the RTs for deltamethrin, permethrin and DDT were 30, 75 and 120 min, respectively. AllAe. aegyptipopulations were resistant to DDT (<80% mortality); two strains were incipiently resistant to deltamethrin and three to permethrin (80–98% mortality). Biochemical assays revealed elevated levels of α-esterase and MFO enzymes in allAe. aegyptipopulations. All, except three populations, showed increased levels of β-esterases; and all populations, except Curepe, demonstrated elevated GST levels.

Metabolic detoxification of enzymes is correlated with the manifestation of DDT and PY resistance in Trinidad and Tobago populations ofAe. aegypti.The presence of this resistance also suggests that knock down (kdr)-type resistance may be involved, hence the need for further investigations. This information can contribute to the development of an insecticide resistance surveillance programme and improvement of resistance management strategies aimed at combatting the spread of dengue in Trinidad and Tobago.
Soil organic carbon dynamics and crop yield for different crop rotations in a degraded ferruginous tropical soil in a semi-arid region: a simulation approach
Authors: SOLER C. M. TOJO , BADO V. B. , TRAORE K. , BOSTICK W. MCNAIR , JONES J. W. , HOOGENBOOM G.
Published: January 2011

In recent years, simulation models have been used as a complementary tool for research and for quantifying soil carbon sequestration under widely varying conditions. This has improved the understanding and prediction of soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics and crop yield responses to soil and climate conditions and crop management scenarios. The goal of the present study was to estimate the changes in SOC for different cropping systems in West Africa using a simulation model. A crop rotation experiment conducted in Farakô-Ba, Burkina Faso was used to evaluate the performance of the cropping system model (CSM) of the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) for simulating yield of different crops. Eight crop rotations that included cotton, sorghum, peanut, maize and fallow, and three different management scenarios, one without N (control), one with chemical fertilizer (N) and one with manure applications, were studied. The CSM was able to simulate the yield trends of various crops, with inconsistencies for a few years. The simulated SOC increased slightly across the years for the sorghum–fallow rotation with manure application. However, SOC decreased for all other rotations except for the continuous fallow (native grassland), in which the SOC remained stable. The model simulated SOC for the continuous fallow system with a high degree of accuracy normalized root mean square error (RMSE)=0·001, while for the other crop rotations the simulated SOC values were generally within the standard deviation (s.d.) range of the observed data. The crop rotations that included a supplemental N-fertilizer or manure application showed an increase in the average simulated aboveground biomass for all crops. The incorporation of this biomass into the soil after harvest reduced the loss of SOC. In the present study, the observed SOC data were used for characterization of production systems with different SOC dynamics. Following careful evaluation of the CSM with observed soil organic matter (SOM) data similar to the study presented here, there are many opportunities for the application of the CSM for carbon sequestration and resource management in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Current use of and attitudes to e-learning in otolaryngology: questionnaire survey of UK otolaryngology trainees
Authors: Fraser L , Gunasekaran S , Mistry D , Ward V M M
Published: January 2011

Introduction:

The E-lefENT programme is a collaborative e-learning project developed by the Department of Health and ENTUK. Prior to its introduction, we aimed to assess current use of and attitudes towards e-learning amongst UK otolaryngology trainees.

Method:

A web-based questionnaire was distributed to UK otolaryngology trainees via regional programme directors.

Results:

A total of 117 responses was received (35 per cent response rate). Most trainees reported increasing exposure to e-learning throughout their training and rated their current computer literacy skills highly, although satisfaction with current e-learning resources was found to vary widely for a variety of reasons.

Conclusion:

Meeting the educational needs of otolaryngology trainees in the current era continues to be a challenge. Most trainees are already familiar with e-learning, although the quality and delivery of available websites is currently variable. The majority of trainees who responded seemed receptive to the implementation of a free, otolaryngology-specific e-learning resource.
Attributive adjectives, infinitival relatives, and the semantics of inappropriateness
Authors: FLEISHER NICHOLAS
Published: January 2011

I investigate the syntax and semantics of a previously unexamined English adjective construction, exemplified by sentences like Middlemarch is a long book to assign. The construction, which I call the nominal attributive-with-infinitive construction (nominal AIC), is of interest for the semantics of gradability and modality. I argue that the major interpretive characteristic of the nominal AIC – the interpretation of inappropriateness associated with it – arises from the interaction between the positive degree operator associated with the gradable adjective and the modality of the infinitival relative clause, which contributes to the computation of the standard of comparison. Nominal AICs are compared and contrasted with a surface-identical construction I call the clausal AIC, with attributive too, and with attributive comparatives; they are shown to exhibit major syntactic and semantic differences from all of these. The paper serves both as a contribution to the semantic literature on gradability and as a contribution to the descriptive grammar of English, as it is, to the best of my knowledge, the first systematic description and analysis of the nominal AIC.
Immune-mediated pathology of nematode infection in sheep – is immunity beneficial to the animal?
Authors: WILLIAMS ANDREW R.
Published: January 2011

Nematode parasitism is a severe impediment to sustainable and profitable sheep production in many countries in the world. Parasite resistance to anthelmintic treatment and consumer demand for organic agricultural products has led to much research into harnessing natural immunity as a long-term control measure. However, there is evidence that many of the clinical signs of nematode infection in sheep are due to immune-mediated pathology rather than direct effects of the parasite. Therefore, the desirability of promoting a strong natural immunity in sheep has been questioned. This review attempts to clarify some of the arguments for and against promoting strong natural immunity, particularly through selective breeding of parasite-resistant animals. It is concluded that the detrimental effects of immune-mediated pathology are outweighed by epidemiological and welfare benefits. Thus, control of nematode parasites through selection of naturally resistant sheep is a sustainable and desirable objective.
The changing occurrences of tetralogy of Fallot and simple transposition of the great arteries in Southern Nevada
Authors: Evans William N. , Acherman Ruben J. , Castillo William J. , Restrepo Humberto
Published: January 2011

We analysed the occurrence of tetralogy of Fallot and simple transposition in the Hispanic and non-Hispanic populations of Clark County, Nevada, in the United States of America over a 30-year period from 1980 to 2009. We found a downward trend in the incidence of simple transposition of the great arteries in the non-Hispanic population but an upward trend in the incidence in the Hispanic population. For tetralogy of Fallot, we found an upward trend in the incidence in both populations; the trend, however, was more dramatic in the Hispanic population. We also noted differences in the male to female ratios in the different groups. Even though we make no definitive conclusions regarding the causes of these incidence curves or the differences in occurrence between males or females, the data suggest an interplay of genetics and the environment.
Consumer segmentation based on the level and structure of fruit and vegetable intake: an empirical evidence for US adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006
Authors: Demydas Tetyana
Published: January 2011

Objective

To identify consumption patterns of fruit and vegetables within a representative sample of US adults with a focus on degree of produce processing and to explore sociodemographic, lifestyle and nutritional profiles associated with these patterns.

Design

Cross-sectional analysis. Fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption data were collected using two non-consecutive 24 h recalls. For the purpose of the study, F&V intakes were aggregated into seven subgroups indicating degree of processing, which afterwards were used as inputs into cluster analysis.

Setting

The 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Subjects

The sample consisted of 2444 adults aged 20–59 years.

Results

Total average F&V intake of the adults was below the recommended level. Thereby, 20 % of the respondents consumed fruit only in the form of juice. Three F&V consumption patterns were identified: ‘low-intake F&V consumers’ (74 % of respondents), ‘consumers of healthier F&V options’ (13 %) and ‘intensive fruit juice consumers’ (13 %). These groups differed markedly in terms of their sociodemographic, lifestyle and health characteristics, such as gender, age, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, weight status, etc. Differences in nutrient profiles were also found, with the ‘consumers of healthier F&V options’ showing better nutritional quality compared with other clusters.

Conclusions

Only a small share of US adults combines high F&V intakes with healthier F&V options that lead to a better nutritional profile. This raises discussion about a need to deliver more specific F&V promotion messages, including advice on healthier preparation methods, especially for the specific population groups.
Frühe psychische Auffälligkeiten bei Kindern mit schwerer geistiger Behinderung
Authors: Sarimski Klaus
Published: January 2011

Fragestellung: Im Rahmen eines Projekts zur Analyse der frühen Belastungs- und Beziehungsentwicklung bei Kindern mit sehr schwerer Behinderung wird untersucht, wie häufig Regulationsstörungen und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten bei Kindern mit unterschiedlichen Behinderungsgraden im frühen Kindesalter auftreten. Methodik: Die Rekrutierung der Mütter erfolgte über Selbsthilfegruppen. Von 133 Müttern liegen Einschätzungen der adaptiven Kompetenzen (VABS-II) und der Temperaments- und Verhaltensmerkmale (TABS) der Kinder vor. Ergebnisse: 58 % der Kinder mit geistiger Behinderung zeigen frühe Regulations- und Verhaltensstörungen. Die Ausprägung variiert mit dem Schweregrad der Behinderung. 80 % der Kinder mit schwerer Behinderung werden als sozial sehr zurückgezogen, über 50 % als wenig reaktionsbereit und dysreguliert geschildert. Diskussion: Die Ergebnisse sprechen für die Tauglichkeit des TABS als psychodiagnostisches Verfahren bei sehr jungen behinderten Kindern. Diese Gruppe weist ein hohes Risiko für die Entwicklung psychischer Auffälligkeiten auf, so dass frühe Interventionen indiziert sind.
Somato-sensorische Phänomene und die Rolle senso-motorischer Regelkreise beim Gilles de la Tourette Syndrom
Authors: Münchau Alexander , Thomalla Götz , Roessner Veit
Published: January 2011

Das Gilles de la Tourette Syndrom (GTS) ist durch fluktuierend auftretende motorische und vokale Tics gekennzeichnet. Oft geht Tics ein Vorgefühl voraus, das teils als «Drang», teils als verstärkt wahrgenommene Körperempfindungen beschrieben wird. Sie wurden als treibende Kraft der Tics interpretiert. Allerdings liegt nicht immer eine eindeutige Abfolge von Vorgefühl und Tic vor. Auch entwickeln sich Vorgefühle zumeist erst nach dem 10. Lebensjahr und damit Jahre nach dem Auftreten erster Tics. Insofern ist die Beziehung zwischen sensorischen und motorischen Phänomenen beim GTS unklar. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über den aktuellen Wissensstand. Bisherige neurophysiologische Untersuchungen sprechen für eine gestörte senso-motorische Integration beim GTS. Strukturelle Untersuchungen mittels MRT zeigten einerseits eine Ausdünnung des senso-motorischen Kortex bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit GTS, andererseits eine Zunahme der fraktionellen Anisotropie als Maß der Gerichtetheit von Faserbündeln in der weißen Substanz unterhalb des Gyrus post- und präcentralis bei Erwachsenen mit GTS. Diese Daten deuten auf die Rolle von Reifungsstörungen und Reorganisationsvorgängen im somato-sensorischen System beim GTS hin. Multimodale Untersuchungen mit struktureller und funktioneller Bildgebung und elektrophysiologischen Methoden in klinisch gut charakterisierten GTS Subgruppen könnten in Zukunft zu einem besseren Verständnis der somato-sensorischen Phänomene und der Veränderungen in senso-motorischen Regelkreisen beim GTS führen.
The Impact of Social and Interpersonal Resources on Adjustment Disorder Symptoms in Older Age
Authors: Fankhauser Sonja , Wagner Birgit , Krammer Sandy , Aeschbach Mirjam , Pepe Alessandra , Maercker Andreas , Forstmeier Simon
Published: January 2011

This study investigates self-efficacy and motivation regulation as possible mediators of the relationship between social and interpersonal resources (i.e., social network, social support, social acknowledgment as a victim, and disclosure) and adjustment disorder (AJD) symptoms in a sample of 121 adults aged 65–97 years. AJD was conceptualized as a form of stress-response syndrome, core symptoms of which are intrusions, avoidance, and failure to adapt after having experienced a critical event. Motivational variables mediated the relationship between social acknowledgment and AJD symptoms. Contrary to expectations, motivational variables were not found to mediate the link between reluctance to disclose and AJD symptoms. This study casts new light on the psychological processes that enable older adults to adjust to critical life events and to exhibit resilience, which is important for successful aging.
The Effects of Suffering in Chronically Ill Older Adults on the Health and Well-Being of Family Members Involved in Their Care
Authors: Monin Joan K. , Schulz Richard
Published: January 2011

A large literature shows that caregivers of chronically ill older adults have a higher risk for impaired health and decreased longevity. In this paper we review research that addresses pathways through which family members experience negative health consequences from exposure to a partner’s suffering. We first provide a conceptualization of suffering and describe how it can be measured, then review empirical evidence that exposure to suffering uniquely influences caregivers’ health, and discuss individual differences in caregivers’ emotional reactions to partners’ suffering using three emotion theories (Gross’ process model of emotion regulation, attachment theory, and a functionalist perspective on emotion). Finally, we discuss implications of the effects of suffering for the health and well-being of family caregivers.
Expenditures for Long-Term Care
Authors: Rodrigues Ricardo , Schmidt Andrea E.
Published: January 2011

This paper concerns itself with public expenditures for long-term care (LTC) and seeks to make sense of the differences among European countries, using the concept of de-familialization under the welfare regime framework. For this we rely on a comparative analysis of data on public expenditures for 22 countries in Europe and on private expenditures for a smaller set of countries, supplemented by other indicators. Rather than simply mirroring dissimilarities in the aging process of the respective population, differences in public expenditures seem to reflect the degree to which care is still a strong family obligation in some countries. This is visible also in the way welfare states support care through cash or services, and potentially different public/private mixes of financing.
How Science and Hollywood Can Work Together Is Focus of Fall Meeting Panel
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: January 2011

Jon Amiel, director of the 2003 science fiction blockbuster movie The Core, told a room packed with geophysicists at the recent AGU Fall Meeting that he had a confession to make. The confession had nothing to do with what he called the “preposterous premises” of the movie, including that humans could start or stop the spinning of Earth's core. Rather, he told the crowd at the Tuesday evening presentation “Science and the Cinema: AGU Sciences Meet Hollywood” about his recurring dream of being on stage wearing nothing but a skimpy T‐shirt. “This dream now has come true. Here I am, I'm talking to a whole room of geophysicists about The Core. I've never felt like the T‐shirt was this short,” he said.
Becoming a Strategy‐Driven Organization
Authors: McEntee Chris
Published: January 2011

AGU is well on its way to implementing its new governance structure and strategic plan. Several significant steps were taken in San Francisco as key leadership events were held in conjunction with the 2010 Fall Meeting. The AGU Board of Directors and Council each held meetings, and an open forum was held for members to hear directly from leaders. We are moving forward!
Colored non-Gaussian noise driven open systems: Generalization of Kramers’ theory with a unified approach
Authors: Baura Alendu , Sen Monoj Kumar , Goswami Gurupada , Bag Bidhan Chandra
Published: January 2011

In this paper we have calculated escape rate from a meta stable state in the presence of both colored internal thermal and external nonthermal noises. For the internal noise we have considered usual Gaussian distribution but the external noise may be Gaussian or non-Gaussian in characteristic. The calculated rate is valid for low noise strength of non-Gaussian noise such that an effective Gaussian approximation of non-Gaussian noise wherein the higher order even cumulants of order “4” and higher are neglected. The rate expression we derived here reduces to the known results of the literature, as well as for purely external noise driven activated rate process. The latter exhibits how the rate changes if one switches from non-Gaussian to Gaussian character of the external noise.
Self-consistent, constrained linear-combination-of-atomic-potentials approach to quantum mechanics
Authors: Dunlap Brett I. , Schweigert Igor V.
Published: January 2011

Variational fitting gives a stationary linear-combination of atomic potentials (LCAP) approximation to the Kohn–Sham (KS) potential, V. That potential is central to density-functional theory because it generates all orbitals, occupied as well as virtual. Perturbation theory links two self-consistent field (SCF) calculations that differ by the perturbation. Using the same variational LCAP methods and basis sets in the two SCF calculations gives precise KS potentials for each order. Variational V perturbation theory, developed herein through second order, gives stationary potentials at each order and stationary even-order perturbed energies that precisely link the two SCF calculations. Iterative methods are unnecessary because the dimension of the matrix that must be inverted is the KS basis size, not the number of occupied times virtual orbitals of coupled-perturbed methods. With variational perturbation theory, the precision of derivatives and the fidelity of the LCAP KS potential are not related. Finite differences of SCF calculations allow the precision of analytic derivatives from double-precision code to be verified to roughly seven significant digits. For a simple functional, the fourth derivatives of the energy and the first and second derivative of the KS potentials with respect to orbital occupation are computed for a standard set of molecules and basis sets, with and without constraints on the fit to the KS potential. There is no significant difference between the constrained and unconstrained calculations.
Ambient wind energy harvesting using cross-flow fluttering
Authors: Li Shuguang , Yuan Jianping , Lipson Hod
Published: January 2011

In this experimental study, we propose and test a bioinspired piezo-leaf architecture which converts wind energy into electrical energy by wind-induced fluttering motion. While conventional fluttering devices are arranged in parallel with the flow direction, here we explore a dangling cross-flow stalk arrangement. This architecture amplifies the vibration by an order of magnitude, making it appropriate for low-cost organic piezomaterials. We fabricated prototypes using flexible piezoelectric materials as stalks and polymer film as leaves. A series of experiments demonstrated a peak output power of approximately 600 μW and maximum power density of approximately 2 mW/cm3 from a single leaf.
Tensor factorizations of local second-order Møller–Plesset theory
Authors: Yang Jun , Kurashige Yuki , Manby Frederick R. , Chan Garnet K. L.
Published: January 2011

Efficient electronic structure methods can be built around efficient tensor representations of the wavefunction. Here we first describe a general view of tensor factorization for the compact representation of electronic wavefunctions. Next, we use this language to construct a low-complexity representation of the doubles amplitudes in local second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory. We introduce two approximations—the direct orbital-specific virtual approximation and the full orbital-specific virtual approximation. In these approximations, each occupied orbital is associated with a small set of correlating virtual orbitals. Conceptually, the representation lies between the projected atomic orbital representation in Pulay–Saebø local correlation theories and pair natural orbital correlation theories. We have tested the orbital-specific virtual approximations on a variety of systems and properties including total energies, reaction energies, and potential energy curves. Compared to the Pulay–Saebø ansatz, we find that these approximations exhibit favorable accuracy and computational times while yielding smooth potential energy curves.
Thickness dependence of the integrated Bragg intensity for statistically disturbed silicon crystals
Authors: Will J. , Gröschel A. , Weißer M. , Magerl A.
Published: January 2011

The thickness dependence of the integrated Bragg intensities for Czochralski-grown silicon was measured with the characteristic tungsten Kα1-line at 59.3 keV. In contrast to previous experiments the sample is wedge shaped, which allows to take data over a wide range of Pendellösung fringes in one exposure only and without any mechanical movement of the sample. The period length, the oscillation amplitude, and the mean value of the Bragg intensity can be explored to identify the presence of point defects, and the temperature dependence of the period length allows to quantify the thermal Debye-coefficient with high precision.
Highly repulsive interaction in novel inclusion D2–N2 compound at high pressure: Raman and x-ray evidence
Authors: Kim Minseob , Yoo Choong-Shik
Published: January 2011

We present spectral and structural evidences for the formation of a homogeneous cubic δ-N2-like, noncrystalline solid and an incommensuratelike hexagonal (P6322) inclusion compound (N2)12D2, formed by compressing a nitrogen-rich mixture to 5.5 and 10 GPa, respectively. A strong repulsive coupling in (N2)12D2 is evident from a blue shift, discontinuous changes, and the absence of turnover of the D2 vibron to 70 GPa—all in sharp contrast to both pure D2 and other inclusion compounds. This repulsive interaction is responsible to the observed incommensuratelike structure and large internal pressure.
Designing the plasmonic response of shell nanoparticles: Spectral representation
Authors: Román-Velázquez Carlos E. , Noguez Cecilia
Published: January 2011

A spectral representation formalism in the quasistatic limit is developed to study the optical response of nanoparticles, such as nanospheres, nanospheroids, and concentric nanoshells. A transfer matrix theory is formulated for systems with an arbitrary number of shells. The spectral representation formalism allows us to analyze the optical response in terms of the interacting surface plasmons excited at the interfaces by separating the contributions of the geometry from those of the dielectric properties of each shell and surroundings. Neither numerical nor analytical methods can do this separation. These insights into the physical origin of the optical response of multishelled nanoparticles are very useful for engineering systems with desired properties for applications in different fields ranging from materials science and electronics to medicine and biochemistry.
Transport properties of the new Fe-based superconductor KxFe2Se2 (Tc=33 K)
Authors: Mizuguchi Yoshikazu , Takeya Hiroyuki , Kawasaki Yasuna , Ozaki Toshinori , Tsuda Shunsuke , Yamaguchi Takahide , Takano Yoshihiko
Published: January 2011

We synthesized the new Fe-based superconductor K0.8Fe2Se2 single crystals. The obtained single crystal exhibited a sharp superconducting transition and the onset and zero-resistivity tempera-ture were estimated to be 33 and 31.8 K, respectively. A high upper critical field of 192 T was obtained. The anisotropy of superconductivity of K0.8Fe2Se2 was ∼3.6. Both the high upper critical field and comparably low anisotropy are advantageous for applications under a high magnetic field.
Thermoelectric effect of multiferroic oxide interfaces
Authors: Jia Chenglong , Berakdar Jamal
Published: January 2011

We investigate the thermoelectric properties of electrons at the interface of an oxide heterostructure and in the presence of a multiferroic oxide with spiral spin order. We find that there is no (spin) Hall current generated by the temperature gradient. A Seebeck effect is, however, present. Due to the magnetoelectric coupling, the charge and thermal conductivities are electrically controllable via the spin spiral helicity. Moreover, the thermopower exhibits a sign change when tuning the carrier density electro-statically.
Effect of prolonged exposure to continuous heat and humidity similar to long haul live export voyages in Merino wethers
Authors: Stockman C. A. , Barnes A. L. , Maloney S. K. , Taylor E. , McCarthy M. , Pethick D.
Published: January 2011

This experiment investigated the physiological responses of Merino wethers (n = 12) to prolonged high heat and humidity similar to that experienced during long haul, live export voyages from Australia to the Middle East. Merino wethers were randomly assigned to individual pens in rooms with a controlled environment, and exposed to gradually increasing temperatures, and two exposures of 3–4 days of sustained high heat and humidity, up to a maximum of 31°C wet bulb temperature (37°C dry bulb and 67% relative humidity). There was 1 day at thermoneutral temperatures separating the heat exposures. The core temperatures and respiratory rates of Merino wethers increased during both heat exposures, with open-mouthed panting observed during both exposures. Plasma partial pressure carbon dioxide (pCO2) and bicarbonate concentration (HCO3–) decreased, and plasma pH increased during the second heat exposure. Both pCO2 and HCO3– returned to normal immediately following the heat exposures. Feed intake was maintained during the heat exposures. There were no large alterations in blood electrolyte concentrations attributable to the effects of the heat. The results show that Merino wethers experienced significant physiological changes during exposure to prolonged and continuous high heat and humidity, but maintained most aspects of homeostasis despite being hyperthermic and recovered quickly when conditions returned to thermoneutral.
Producing milk with uniform high selenium concentrations on commercial dairy farms
Authors: Doyle P. T. , Stockdale C. R. , Jenkin M. L. , Walker G. P. , Dunshea F. R. , Shields P. M. , McKenna A.
Published: January 2011

Six herds on five commercial dairy farms were involved in the production of high selenium (Se) milk. The farms had a range of herd sizes, herd structures, feeding systems and milk production per cow. On all farms, pelleted concentrate supplements containing Se yeast were fed twice daily in the dairy for 16 days. The objectives were to: (1) produce milk with Se concentrations exceeding 225 μg/kg on the five farms for pilot-scale production of a high protein milk powder; (2) validate a predictive relationship between Se intake and milk Se concentration developed in research; and (3) examine the time taken from the introduction of Se yeast to steady-state concentrations of Se in milk under a range of commercial farming conditions. We hypothesised that the relationship between Se intake and its concentration in milk found in research would apply on commercial farms. Daily Se intake, which was primarily from Se yeast in the pelleted concentrates, varied from 35 to 51 mg Se/cow. Grazed pasture and conserved forage contributed less than 1 mg Se/cow on all farms. The time taken from the introduction of pellets containing Se yeast to steady-state milk Se concentrations was 4–7 days. The steady-state Se concentrations in milk varied from 166 to 247 µg/kg, but these concentrations were only 55–72% of predicted values. All the milk produced from the five farms on the last 2 days of feeding of Se-enriched pellets was used to produce a milk protein concentrate with a Se concentration of 5.4 mg/kg. Factors that might have affected Se incorporation into milk and the implications of these results for commercial production of high Se milk or milk products are discussed.
Primary cilia membrane assembly is initiated by Rab11 and transport protein particle II (TRAPPII) complex-dependent trafficking of Rabin8 to the centrosome
Authors: Westlake Christopher J. , Baye Lisa M. , Nachury Maxence V. , Wright Kevin J. , Ervin Karen E. , Phu Lilian , Chalouni Cecile , Beck John S. , Kirkpatrick Donald S. , Slusarski Diane C. , Sheffield Val C. , Scheller Richard H. , Jackson Peter K.
Published: January 2011

Sensory and signaling pathways are exquisitely organized in primary cilia. Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) patients have compromised cilia and signaling. BBS proteins form the BBSome, which binds Rabin8, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activating the Rab8 GTPase, required for ciliary assembly. We now describe serum-regulated upstream vesicular transport events leading to centrosomal Rab8 activation and ciliary membrane formation. Using live microscopy imaging, we show that upon serum withdrawal Rab8 is observed to assemble the ciliary membrane in ∼100 min. Rab8-dependent ciliary assembly is initiated by the relocalization of Rabin8 to Rab11-positive vesicles that are transported to the centrosome. After ciliogenesis, Rab8 ciliary transport is strongly reduced, and this reduction appears to be associated with decreased Rabin8 centrosomal accumulation. Rab11-GTP associates with the Rabin8 COOH-terminal region and is required for Rabin8 preciliary membrane trafficking to the centrosome and for ciliogenesis. Using zebrafish as a model organism, we show that Rabin8 and Rab11 are associated with the BBS pathway. Finally, using tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometry, we determined that the transport protein particle (TRAPP) II complex associates with the Rabin8 NH
2
-terminal domain and show that TRAPP II subunits colocalize with centrosomal Rabin8 and are required for Rabin8 preciliary targeting and ciliogenesis.
Recovering key biological constituents through sparse representation of gene expression
Authors: Prat Yosef , Fromer Menachem , Linial Nathan , Linial Michal
Published: January 2011

Motivation: Large-scale RNA expression measurements are generating enormous quantities of data. During the last two decades, many methods were developed for extracting insights regarding the interrelationships between genes from such data. The mathematical and computational perspectives that underlie these methods are usually algebraic or probabilistic.

Results: Here, we introduce an unexplored geometric view point where expression levels of genes in multiple experiments are interpreted as vectors in a high-dimensional space. Specifically, we find, for the expression profile of each particular gene, its approximation as a linear combination of profiles of a few other genes. This method is inspired by recent developments in the realm of compressed sensing in the machine learning domain. To demonstrate the power of our approach in extracting valuable information from the expression data, we independently applied it to large-scale experiments carried out on the yeast and malaria parasite whole transcriptomes. The parameters extracted from the sparse reconstruction of the expression profiles, when fed to a supervised learning platform, were used to successfully predict the relationships between genes throughout the Gene Ontology hierarchy and protein–protein interaction map. Extensive assessment of the biological results shows high accuracy in both recovering known predictions and in yielding accurate predictions missing from the current databases. We suggest that the geometrical approach presented here is suitable for a broad range of high-dimensional experimental data.

Contact:  michall@cc.huji.ac.il

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.