bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interactive Design of Museum Display Space Based on Virtual and Reality Technology
Authors: Li Manqi , Wang Guohua , Fu Xiao , Ren Lili
Published: April 2022

Virtual reality technology has brought new vitality to the display of museum exhibits. With the vigorous development of virtual reality technology, the application of virtual reality technology is becoming more and more frequent. Now, the application of virtual reality technology can be seen in many museums. This paper is aimed at using virtual reality technology to study the exhibition space and interaction design of museums. This paper proposes a virtual space display technology based on the octahedral projection method and hemisphere projection method and investigates and analyzes the application of virtual reality technology. Although the realism of the virtual display is not as good as that of the traditional display, it can be improved in terms of technology and other aspects in the future.
Bioinspired Advances in Nanomaterials for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Malini S. , Raj Kalyan , Madhumathy S. , El-Hady Khalid Mohamed , Islam Saiful , Dutta Mycal
Published: April 2022

Rising demand for food production and an intensified usage of hazardous substances on the farmland are the driving force behind the emergence of green nanotechnology. Eco‐friendly nanomaterials synthesised using plant sources and microorganisms are expected to catalyse a revolution in the agricultural sector by introducing nano‐enabled smart sensors for metals along with organic toxins, supplying micronutrients; balancing the plant hormones, soil quality, and moisture content; stimulating plant growth; and minimising the usage of toxic chemicals by nanofertilizers and nanopesticides. As no single nanocompound has proved to be completely sustainable, this review discusses a wide variety of sustainable routes to implement nanomaterials to increase productivity, protect, and monitor crops through innovative nano‐aided agricultural practices. Nevertheless, as the progress of research and commercialization in this area is still marginal, an understanding of complex dynamic behaviour, careful evaluation with targeted delivery of these compounds in the environment, and strong governmental regulatory norms are necessary to realize the effectiveness of green nanotechnology for sustainable agriculture. This article outlines some major advancements in recent years related to the implementation of eco‐friendly nanomaterials in the agricultural sector. A systematic and comprehensive approach to adopting green nanotechnology would certainly promote a sustainable movement resulting in a beneficial economic and ecological impact.
Analysis of Complex Networks via Some Novel Topological Indices
Authors: Amin Shahid , Rehman M. A. , Naseem Amir , Khan Ilyas , Alshammari Nawa , Hamadneh Nawaf N.
Published: April 2022

Chemical graph theory is a field of mathematical chemistry that links mathematics, chemistry, and graph theory to solve chemistry-related issues quantitatively. Mathematical chemistry is an area of mathematics that employs mathematical methods to tackle chemical-related problems. A graphical representation of chemical molecules, known as the molecular graph of the chemical substance, is one of these tools. A topological index (TI) is a mathematical function that assigns a numerical value to a (molecular) graph and predicts many physical, chemical, biological, thermodynamical, and structural features of that network. In this work, we calculate a new topological index namely, the Sombor index, the Super Sombor index, and its reduced version for chemical networks. We also plot our computed results to examine how they were affected by the parameters involved. This document lists the distinct degrees and degree sums of enhanced mesh network, triangular mesh network, star of silicate network, and rhenium trioxide lattice. The edge partitions of these families of networks are tabled which depend on the sum of degrees of end vertices and the sum of the degree-based edges. These edge partitions are used to find closed formulae for numerous degree-based topological indices of the networks.
Personalized Music Hybrid Recommendation Algorithms Fusing Gene Features
Authors: Cao Yixiao , Liu Peng
Published: April 2022

Aiming at the shortcomings of current music recommendation algorithms, such as low accuracy and poor timeliness, a personalized hybrid recommendation algorithm incorporating genetic features is proposed. The user-based collaborative filtering (UserCF) algorithm analyzes the degree of users’ preference for music genes. The improved neural matrix decomposition collaborative filtering (B-NCF) algorithm calculates the correlation between similar users and constructs the adjacency relationship between users. The results of the two algorithms are fused by using a weighted hybrid approach to generate the recommendation list. Finally, the hybrid recommendation model is built on the Spark platform. The paper’s traditional and hybrid recommendation algorithms are validated using the Yahoo Music dataset. The experimental results show that the advantages of the algorithm in this paper are more significant under the MAE and F1-measure indexes, and the recommendation accuracy and precision have been greatly improved; the hybrid algorithm can ensure the diversity of the recommended contents, the recommendation hit rate is higher, and the timeliness meets the demand of personalized music recommendation.
Feature Sequencing Method of Industrial Control Data Set Based on Multidimensional Evaluation Parameters
Authors: Liu Xue-Jun , Kong Xiang-Min , Zhang Xiao-Ni , Luan Hai-Ying , Yan Yong , Sha Yun , Li Kai-Li , Cao Xue-Ying , Chen Jian-Ping
Published: April 2022

The industrial control data set has many features and large redundancy, which has a certain impact on the training speed and classification results of the neural network anomaly detection algorithm. However, features are independent of each other, and dimension reduction often increases the false positive rate and false negative rate. The feature sequencing algorithm can reduce this effect. In order to select the appropriate feature sequencing algorithm for different data sets, this paper proposes an adaptive feature sequencing method based on data set evaluation index parameters. Firstly, the evaluation index system is constructed by the basic information of the data set, the mathematical characteristics of the data set, and the association degree of the data set. Then, the selection model is obtained by the decision tree training with the data label and the evaluation index, and the suitable feature sequencing algorithm is selected. Experiments were conducted on 11 data sets, including Batadal data set, CICIDS 2017, and Mississippi data set. The sequenced data sets are classified by ResNet. The accuracy of the sequenced data sets increases by 2.568% on average in 30 generations, and the average time reduction per epoch is 24.143%. Experiments show that this method can effectively select the feature sequencing algorithm with the best comprehensive performance.
Research on the 3D Virtual Product Network Display Algorithm Based on Digital Drive
Authors: Zhang Qian , Guo Xiaoying , Liang Hui , Sun Maojun
Published: April 2022

In order to improve the effect of 3D virtual product network display, this paper combines digital drive technology to analyze the virtual simulation algorithm and proposes a digital drive-based Hough transform clustering virtual image processing algorithm. Through the knowledge of clustering and generalized Hough transform, generalized Hough transform is applied to clustering. Moreover, this paper uses cluster analysis to determine the image characteristics of three-dimensional virtual products. In addition, this article combines the methods proposed in this article to construct a three-dimensional virtual product network display system. The research shows that the digital-driven 3D virtual product network display algorithm model proposed in this paper has a good 3D virtual display effect.
Surface Roughness Evaluation in Turning of Nimonic C263 Super Alloy Using 2D DWT Histogram Equalization
Authors: Lakshmana Kumar S. , Thenmozhi M. , Bommi R. M. , Ezilarasan Chakaravarthy , Sivaraman V. , Palani Sivaprakasam
Published: April 2022

Surface roughness of specimens is an important area of research since it influences the performance of machined parts. Meanwhile, employing a vision system to judge the roughness of the machined surface of specimens via captured images acquired from the specimen is an innovative and extensively used method. In this investigation, a vision system is used to capture the SEM images of the machined surface. The two‐dimensional images of the machined surface of the Nimonic263 alloy are used to approximate the profile of the surface of specimens in finish turning. Surface roughness was detected in simulated images of specimens in a variety of machining conditions using the imaging technology. In this research work, the surface texture is extracted using a technique that combines 2D surface images and wavelet transform approach. The 2D wavelet transform has the capability to disintegrate a machined surface image into multiresolution depiction for several surface characteristics and can be utilized for surface evaluation. The difference in the histogram frequency of an illuminated region of interest (ROI) from turned surface images was analyzed to aid in the evaluation of surface roughness with an average prediction error of less than 3.2%.
Single and Multiple Ramp Progressive Stress with Binomial Removal: Practical Application for Industry
Authors: Hussam Eslam , Alharbi Randa , Almetwally Ehab M. , Alruwaili Bader , Gemeay Ahmed M. , Riad Fathy H.
Published: April 2022

The objective of this article is to conduct a full study on the failure times of items when subjected to a progressive-stress accelerated life test. These failure times follow the Modified Kies exponential distribution. We performed the experiments under a type-II censoring scheme with binomial removal. The stress design has two ways to be applied either the simple ramp-stress test or the multiple ramp-stress level design of acceleration. We made a comparison between these two designs to decide which design is better. When the lifetime of test units follows the Modified Kies distributions, the cumulative exposure model has been used to apply the acceleration on the failure times to produce early failures. The simulation study was done to compare two types of progressive-stress designs. Different estimation techniques such as maximum likelihood estimation and Bayes estimation are employed to estimate the model parameters. The Metropolis Hasting method is used to derive the Bayesian estimates under symmetric and asymmetric loss functions. We also developed interval estimation as well as point estimation, and we estimated the asymptotic confidence intervals, bootstrap, and credible for the distribution parameters. We made a comparison between different estimation methods. We used real data from a practical experiment as a real data set example to assess the performance of the estimations methods. These data are analyzed to demonstrate the adequacy and superiority of the distribution to fit accelerated failure times. Also, we studied the existence and uniqueness of the roots and we used graphs to assure that the estimates used are unique and global maximum. Finally, some noteworthy conclusions are reached.
The Evaluation of University Course Quality under the Background of Wireless Communication and Big Data
Authors: Lin Yi , Yu Boen
Published: April 2022

In recent years, education issues have been the focus of attention from all walks of life. An important indicator for measuring the level of education in colleges and universities is the quality of teaching. It determines the level of the students' basic quality that is the target of training. Curriculum is the core of forming teaching quality and the core element of cultivating talents. Curriculum evaluation is an important means to detect and diagnose the teaching quality of schools and the source of talent training quality.The purpose of this article is to study the quality evaluation system of college courses under the background of wireless communication and big data, taking students as the initiators of evaluation activities, positioning the factors that they are interested in, and referring to the selection of evaluation indicators in other research results to determine the evaluation system of this study. Through students’ evaluation of Japanese MOOC courses, the evaluation system constructed by the laboratory is evaluated. The method of collecting evaluation data is to issue electronic questionnaires and then perform statistical analysis on the results of the questionnaires after collection, to understand the current status of MOOC course learning and the degree of recognition between learners and evaluation indicators. Through the analysis of the questionnaire data, the reliability and validity of the questionnaire are tested to ensure the validity and reliability of the questionnaire data. The evaluation indicators are screened by factor analysis, and the entropy method is used to determine the weight of the evaluation indicators, thus forming the final MOOC course evaluation. Reorganizing and constructing the Japanese curriculum quality evaluation index system conforms to the general law of the construction of the index system.
Evaluation Model of Sports Culture Industry Competitiveness Based on Fuzzy Analysis Algorithm
Authors: Sun Guoqiang , Zhang Xinxin , Lin Yu
Published: April 2022

Since reform and opening, our country’s sports and cultural industries have grown from nothing. Due to the complexity of the evaluation factors and methods used to determine the competitiveness of the sports cultural industry, this paper establishes a seven-dimensional sports cultural industry competition based on the integration and development of the sports tourism industry and national culture, drawing on the theory and methods used to determine the tourism industry’s competitiveness. Based on a fuzzy analysis algorithm, we developed a system for evaluating strength and a model for evaluating the competitiveness of the sports culture industry. According to the results of the evaluation of the competitiveness of the sports culture industry in numerous regions of China, the evaluation method proposed in this paper is superior to the traditional evaluation method and has contributed to the development of China’s sports culture industry.
Genome-Protective Topoisomerase 2a-Dependent G2 Arrest Requires p53 in hTERT-Positive Cancer Cells
Authors: Lockwood Nicola , Martini Silvia , Lopez-Pardo Ainara , Deiss Katharina , Segeren Hendrika A. , Semple Robert K. , Collins Ian , Repana Dimitra , Cobbaut Mathias , Soliman Tanya , Ciccarelli Francesca , Parker Peter J.
Published: April 2022

Topoisomerase 2a (Topo2a)-dependent G2 arrest engenders faithful segregation of sister chromatids, yet in certain tumor cell lines where this arrest is dysfunctional, a PKCε-dependent failsafe pathway can be triggered. Here we elaborate on recent advances in understanding the underlying mechanisms associated with this G2 arrest by determining that p53–p21 signaling is essential for efficient arrest in cell lines, in patient-derived cells, and in colorectal cancer organoids. Regulation of this p53 axis required the SMC5/6 complex, which is distinct from the p53 pathways observed in the DNA damage response. Topo2a inhibition specifically during S phase did not trigger G2 arrest despite affecting completion of DNA replication. Moreover, in cancer cells reliant upon the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism, a distinct form of Topo2a-dependent, p53-independent G2 arrest was found to be mediated by BLM and Chk1. Importantly, the previously described PKCε-dependent mitotic failsafe was engaged in hTERT-positive cells when Topo2a-dependent G2 arrest was dysfunctional and where p53 was absent, but not in cells dependent on the ALT mechanism. In PKCε knockout mice, p53 deletion elicited tumors were less aggressive than in PKCε-replete animals and exhibited a distinct pattern of chromosomal rearrangements. This evidence suggests the potential of exploiting synthetic lethality in arrest-defective hTERT-positive tumors through PKCε-directed therapeutic intervention.

Significance:

The identification of a requirement for p53 in stringent Topo2a-dependent G2 arrest and engagement of PKCε failsafe pathways in arrest-defective hTERT-positive cells provides a therapeutic opportunity to induce selective synthetic lethality.
Tumor Purity in Preclinical Mouse Tumor Models
Authors: Qian Wubin , Chen Xiaobo , Sheng Yanghui , Zhang Likun , Wang Jingjing , Song Zhenzhen , Li Qi-Xiang , Guo Sheng
Published: April 2022

Tumor biology is determined not only by immortal cancer cells but also by the tumor microenvironment consisting of noncancerous cells and extracellular matrix, together they dictate the pathogenesis and response to treatments. Tumor purity is the proportion of cancer cells in a tumor. It is a fundamental property of cancer and is associated with many clinical features and outcomes. Here we report the first systematic study of tumor purity in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and syngeneic tumor models using next-generation sequencing data from >9,000 tumors. We found that tumor purity in PDX models is cancer specific and mimics patient tumors, with variation in stromal content and immune infiltration influenced by immune systems of host mice. After the initial engraftment, human stroma in a PDX tumor is quickly replaced by mouse stroma, and tumor purity then stays stable in subsequent transplantations and increases only slightly by passage. Similarly, in syngeneic mouse cancer cell line models, tumor purity also turns out to be an intrinsic property with model and cancer specificities. Computational and pathology analysis confirmed the impact on tumor purity by the diverse stromal and immune profiles. Our study deepens the understanding of mouse tumor models, which will enable their better and novel uses in developing cancer therapeutics, especially ones targeting tumor microenvironment.

Significance:

PDX models are an ideal experimental system to study tumor purity because of its distinct separation of human tumor cells and mouse stromal and immune cells. This study provides a comprehensive view of tumor purity in 27 cancers in PDX models. It also investigates tumor purity in 19 syngeneic models based on unambiguously identified somatic mutations. It will facilitate tumor microenvironment research and drug development in mouse tumor models.
proANP Metabolism Provides New Insights Into Sacubitril/Valsartan Mode of Action
Authors: Michel Thibault , Nougué Hélène , Cartailler Jérôme , Lefèvre Guillaume , Sadoune Malha , Picard François , Cohen-Solal Alain , Logeart Damien , Launay Jean-Marie , Vodovar Nicolas
Published: April 2022

Background:

Sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) treatment is beneficial in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but its mode of action remains elusive, although it involves the increase in ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).

Methods:

Combining mass spectrometry and enzymatic assay in the plasma of 73 HFrEF patients treated with S/V and controls, we deciphered proANP processing that converts proANP into 4 vasoactive peptides.

Results:

We found that proANP processing is sequential and involved meprin B, ECE (endothelin-converting enzyme) 1, and ANPEP (aminopeptidase N). This processing is limited in HFrEF patients via the downregulation of proANP production, corin, and meprin B activities by miR-425 and miR1-3p. S/V restored or compensated proANP processing by downregulating miR-425 and miR1-3p, hence increasing levels of proANP-derived bioactive peptides. In contrast, S/V directly and indirectly partially inhibited ECE1 and ANPEP. ECE1 partial inhibition resulted in a lower-than-expected increase in ET1 (endothelin 1), tilting the vasoactive balance toward vasodilation, and possibly hypotension. Furthermore, proANP glycosylation interferes with the midregional proANP assay –a clinical surrogate for proANP production, preventing any pathophysiological interpretation of the results. The analysis of S/V dose escalation with respect to baseline treatments suggests S/V-specific effects.

Conclusions:

These findings offer mechanistic evidence to the natriuretic peptide -defective state in HFrEF, which is improved by S/V. These data also strongly suggests that S/V increases plasma ANP by multiple mechanisms that involve 2 microRNAs, besides its protection from NEP (neprilysin) cleavage. Altogether, these data provide new insights on HFrEF pathophysiology and the mode of action of S/V.
Population estimates of the endangered Callithrix aurita and Callithrix hybrids records in a large Atlantic Forest remnant
Authors: Gestich Carla C. , Gonçalves João M. , Saranholi Bruno H. , Freitas Patrícia D. , Galetti Pedro M.
Published: April 2022

Forest-dependent species are among the most threatened species due to landscape changes, and this is the case of the buffy-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix aurita), an Atlantic Forest endemic primate. Besides its extensive habitat reduction across Atlantic Forest, the species suffers from the negative impact of the presence of non-native congeners that threatens its local populations due to competition and hybridization events. Knowing the population status of this endangered species is important to guide conservation efforts. Thus, we estimated the population density of C. aurita and recorded the presence of invasive Callithrix species and Callithrix hybrids in Serra do Japi, a large forest remnant with mountainous terrain within the most human-populated region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. We surveyed a 14.8 km2 area with 387.2 km of survey effort. We estimated a sighting rate of 4.4 groups/10 km walked. The maximum number of individuals recorded per group ranged from 7 to 12. We identified 15 groups throughout the sampled area, totalling 1.01 groups/km2. Two individuals from two distinct groups presented body pelage characteristic of hybrids between C. aurita and other Callithrix species. No individuals of other Callithrix species were recorded within the surveyed area. Considering the total size of this remnant and the potential population size of C. aurita inhabiting this area, this local population may be an important source of individuals for helping the conservation and long-term persistence of the species. However, the presence of Callithrix hybrids in the area is worrying and may threaten the local native population. Our study reinforces the concern with C. aurita conservation and the need for studies focused on the management of hybrids and invasive Callithrix species. Mitigation measures should be directed to readily control hybridization to keep this large population of Serra do Japi safe.
International Criminal Law, Everyday Spaces and Feminist Legal Theory
Authors: Marshall Jill
Published: April 2022

In this piece, I advocate using everyday spaces research methods, more common in anthropology and cultural studies than law, to ensure the participation and inclusion of the voices of survivors of conflict-related sexual violence (crsv). I argue these methods are in harmony with a feminist holistic interpretation of the International legal framework, including International Criminal Law, purporting to bring justice for survivors of crsv, and recent United Nations’ calls for survivor-centred approaches to crsv.
Sex, Age, Education, Marital Status, Number of Children, and Employment – the Impact of Extralegal Factors on Sentencing Disparities
Authors: Mamak Kamil , Dudek Joanna , Koniewski Maciej , Kwiatkowski Daniel
Published: April 2022

Countries that have judicial discretion in their legal system usually struggle with sentencing disparities. This is no different in Poland. The current study examined whether extralegal factors such as age, sex, education, marital status, number of children, and having a job impact sentencing disparities. We examined court files from 13 district courts in Poland for two offenses: drug possession and drunk driving. Our findings show that sex, age, and number of children have no or little effect on outcomes, whilst marital status and employment status have small to medium effects on sentencing. The clearest result pattern to emerge from our analyses is that defendants with tertiary education are treated more leniently than those with primary or lower secondary education.
R2P, Terrorism, and the Protection of Civilians – ‘Are All Humans Human? Or Are Some More Human than Others?’
Authors: Nanlohy Sascha
Published: April 2022

Terrorism is often cited in the justifications of state perpetrators of mass atrocities. The reality behind these claims runs the gamut from thin pretext to genuine security threats. Irrespective of this reality, the discursive abuse of counter-terrorism to perpetrate atrocities is a key challenge to the Responsibility to Protect. Perpetrators employing the language of counter-terrorism to justify their actions, in an attempt to pre-empt objections or interventions, disincentivises external action by actors unwilling to incur the risk that they may inadvertently protect terrorists. This risks limiting the application and successful operationalisation of the Responsibility to Protect to relatively simple or ideal cases. This article provides a comparative analysis of two crises often described as successes or failures for R2P, Kenya (2007–08) and Sri Lanka (2009) respectively, to demonstrate this challenge for the operationalisation of R2P even in cases with complex conflict dynamics.
The Philippines in 2021: Duterte’s Limited Achievements and Unkept Promises
Authors: Tana Maria Thaemar C.
Published: April 2022

The article examines the main issues and events that defined 2021. It looks at the Duterte government’s key domestic and foreign policies, as well as its successes and failures in addressing new and existing challenges. The article finds that while there had been some accomplishments, Duterte falls short in fulfilling most of his 2016 campaign promises. However, despite Duterte’s shortcomings, his popularity remains high, although it remains to be seen if this will carry over to next year’s elections and whether or not his legacies will endure.
Diyanet Imams between Turkish Majoritarianism and German ‘Majority Society’
Authors: Yaşar Aysun
Published: April 2022

Religious majoritarianism was established in Turkey with the fall of the Ottoman Empire. The Diyanet became the new home for the Ottoman Sunni ulema and supported the implementation of Sunni majoritarianism by assimilating minorities, e.g. Alevis. With the AKP government in power in the last decades in Turkey, Turkish majoritarianism has come to the fore. Turkish majoritarianism consists of Sunni Islam along with Turkish cultural and political dimensions. Diyanet imams function as important transmitters of Turkish majoritarianism to the Muslim community. At the same time, imams in Germany are seen as mediators for German integration policies. German politicians set the framework for integration with the expression ‘majority society’ (Mehrheitsgesellschaft) in policies regarding Islam, although a concrete definition of this seems to be problematic. Elements of Christian religion and German culture are used as elements in the construction of a ‘majority society’.
Nontheoretical Presuppositions in Science and Scholarship: Critique of an Uncritical Critique
Authors: Dooyeweerd Herman
Published: April 2022

Translation of “De niet-theoretische voor-oordeelen in de wetenschap: Critiek op een oncritische critiek” by Herman Dooyeweerd (1938), Philosophia Reformata 3 (4), pp. 193–201.
The Institutionalization of Research Ethics Committees in Germany – International Integration or in the Shadow of Nuremberg?
Authors: Krischel Matthis
Published: April 2022

Although already established in West Germany since the 1970s, with the introduction of research ethics committees (rec s) into the Tokyo revision of the Declaration of Helsinki, they gained in importance. From 1985, a duty to consult rec s in human subject research was written into West German physicians’ codes of conduct. In East Germany (“Deutsche Demokratische Republik”, ddr), a central rec was set up in 1981 within the ddr Ministry of Health, and after German reunification, a duty to consult rec s was introduced in the federal Medical Products Act (Arzneimittelgesetz). Since 2001, European regulations were incorporated into national laws which applied in Germany as in other member states. Regarding the institution and legal history of rec s in Germany, this contribution seeks to answer three questions: (1) Were rec s developed in response to a specifically German experience of medical crimes and the abuse of human research subjects, or were they part of an internationalization of medical research ethics and international integration of German research? (2) Was the setting up of rec s in Germany a more top-down, centralized process or a more bottom-up, grassroots undertaking, and what does this tell us about the status that biomedical researchers gave to the ethics of human subject research in that period? And (3) who has traditionally held authority over human subject research in Germany and who holds it today?
Who Cares for the Children? Debating Public and Private Involvement in Maternity Protection and Childcare in Post-wwii Italy
Authors: Inaudi Silvia
Published: April 2022

This contribution aims to provide an analysis of the debate on maternal and child welfare in post-World War ii Italy in the broader context of the building of social citizenship in the brand-new Italian Republic. In the perspective of path dependency, the research shows how democratic welfare in this domain has been conditioned by the gendered and cultural assumptions of different political visions, the legacy of Fascism, the influence of the Church, and new psychological knowledge about children.
Habenaria geerinckiana (Orchidaceae), an updated description, extended distribution and conservation assessment
Authors: BYTEBIER BENNY , McCLELAND WARREN , WIGHTMAN NICHOLAS
Published: April 2022

N/A
Bioactive Small Molecule Enhances Skin Burn Wound Healing and Hair Follicle Regeneration by Activating PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway: A Preclinical Evaluation in Animal Model
Authors: Wu Tinghui , Zhang Yan Man , Krishnan Sasirekha , Jaisankar Abinaya , Wan Yu , Gong Shu Juan , Zhou Hang Zhen , Wang Hai Tao , Ramalingam Murugan , Li Shu-Wei
Published: April 2022

Rational: A bioactive small molecule of precision medicine involves targeted therapies. Shikonin, a herbal extract, is an active small molecule that is traditionally used in wound healing for its anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the present study aims to
evaluate the anti-inflammatory role of shikonin in skin burn wound healing and hair follicle regeneration and to identify molecular signaling pathways that promote the regeneration. Method: A secondary skin burn model of mice was established by conventional method. The burn wound was
externally treated with shikonin ointment and excipient treated mice were used as controls. Skin samples were taken on the day 3 and 7 after drug treatment and the dosage was unified in the experiments. The wound healing process was observed by histopathological and immunofluorescence (IF)
staining. The proliferation of hair follicle cells in wound skin was tracked by 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridne (EdU) staining. The inflammatory factors at the wound healing site were quantified by polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The PI3K/Akt, P65, Ki67 signaling proteins and Bax/BCL2 apoptosis
proteins were studied by western blot analysis. The functionality of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was tested using LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K. Result: Shikonin treated mice group exhibited better and faster skin burn wound healing in comparison with the controls. The proliferation
of new skin cells and hair follicle regeneration in the wound site of the shikonin treated group was more active. The recruitment of macrophages in shikonin treated group was inhibited inturn decreased the expression of inflammatory factors. However, LY294002 inhibited the shikonin-mediated
PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and affected the wound healing process. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study strengthens the hypothesis that bioactive small molecule, shikonin, inhibits inflammation, promotes wound healing and has a significant protective effect on the deep hair follicles
against burn skin injury by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Mechanism for Bioactive Nanomaterial circ0024831 Regulation of Staphylococcal Nuclease Domain Containing 1 via RNA Methylation Recognition in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Zheng Hongrui , Wang Juan , Zhang Wenjie , He Bin , Wang Yunhua , Zhang Xiaotong , Mao Hui , Fan Lei
Published: April 2022

Bioactive nanomaterial circular RNA (circRNA) is an important non-coding RNA with a strong specificity, stable structure and high expression abundance. It can affect many diseases and physiological processes and may become a new way of disease diagnosis and targeted therapy. Recent
studies have shown that Staphylococcal Nuclease Domain-Containing Protein 1 (SND1) can recognize N6-methyladenine (M6A) modified mRNA and regulate target mRNA stability. It can then control the expression of a series of downstream genes. However, whether SND1 can directly combine with circRNA
and regulate its stability and function are new issues to be discussed. Results showed bioactive nanomaterial circ0024831 could directly bind to the Tudor domain of SND1 in the cytoplasm to block the recognition of SND1 to M6A modified RNA thus reducing the stability of downstream target gene
mRNA and inhibiting the expression of downstream regulatory proteins. The down-regulation of circ0024831 expression in osteosarcoma cells relieved inhibition of SND1 which lead to change of tumor-related gene expression profile, promoting the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma.
Effect of Polysaccharide Sulfate-Loaded Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticles on Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Gao Wei , Liang Linlang
Published: April 2022

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) mainly results from development of coronary microcirculatory dysfunction (CMD). Polysaccharide sulfate (PSS), as one heparin drug, has a variety of biological activities. This study examined the efficacy of a new type of PSS-loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (PSS-NPs) on DCM, in finding a theoretical basis for CMD treatment. After establishment of DCM model, the animals were administrated with PSS, PSS-NPs, normal saline or poly(ethylene glycol)1 (PEG1) through intraperitoneal injection. 8 weeks after injection of streptozotocin (STZ), heart function of rats was assessed by echocardiography. The rat tissues were collected and detected by histological analysis. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analyses determined the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and pro-inflammatory factors. PSS-NPs had a good protective effect on cardiac insufficiency in rats. Administration of PSS-NPs prolonged survival state, and enhanced cardiac function, thereby alleviating the symptoms, and inducing formation of micro vessels. Importantly, it improved the symptoms of DCM patients and their quality of life. Moreover, pro-inflammatory factor levels decreased upon the treatment, accompanied with inactivation of NF-κB signaling pathways, thereby improving DCM. This study demonstrated that the PSS-NPs significantly relieved DCM and restored cardiac function in rats through NF-κB signaling pathways, providing a theoretical basis for development of PSS-NPs, and new treatment ideas for CMD of DCM.
Effect of Nano-Oleanolic Acid Combined With Lipid-Lowering Ketones on Insulin Resistance in Rats with Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Yan Yan , Wang Shiqing , Gu Jinping , Min Zhihong , Wang Ruizhi
Published: April 2022

Diabetes is a widespread metabolic syndrome, an important complication during pregnancy. Most cases are type 2 diabetes, which has attracted the attention of the World Health Organization. The typical feature of T2DM is insulin resistance (IR). Its mechanism remains unclear, but it mainly manifests through parameters like insulin sensitivity, blood glucose level, and liver stability. Oxidative stress and insulin transduction play an important role in IR. This study simulates the disease situation, establishes a high-fat and high-fructose-induced model induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP), and adopts nano-sized oleanolic acid combined with lipid-lowering ketones to explore improvement in the IR mechanism. We found combining nano-sized oleanolic acid and lipid-lowering ketones can slow down the weight gain process in rats, reduce fasting blood glucose levels, increase the insulin sensitivity index, reduce the serum MDA, NO, and triglyceride content, and increase SOD, CAT activity. In summary, our results show that the combined use of nano-sized oleanolic acid and lipid-lowering ketone in pregnant rats with double height can reduce glucose metabolism, delay lipid production, and reduce oxidative stress, which is useful for further treatment and interpretation of T2DM The mechanism provides a theoretical basis.
Preparation of Eprinomectin Nanoemulsions and Determination of Their Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Dairy Cows
Authors: Gang Qiu , Yapei Rui
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to develop an anthelmintic that leaves no residues and is safe and efficient for use in cows. We constructed classical pseudoternary phase diagrams using experimental animal data to optimize and characterize the eprinomectin nanoemulsion formulas. The emulsion samples
prepared with ethyl acetate, polysorbate 80, and 1-propanediol as the main components were transparent and uniform when observed under a Hitachi transmission electron microscope (TEM) system. A Mastersizer 3000 laser particle size analyzer was used to determine the particle sizes of the prepared
nanoemulsions. The nanoemulsions were homogeneously dispersed, with an average particle size of 12.61 nm and a polydispersity index of (PDI) 0.297. High-performance liquid chromatography confirmed no statistically significant changes in the samples after 24 months at 4 °C, 25 °C, and
37 °C; the samples exhibited long-term stability. The PK/PD studies confirmed that the injection of eprinomectin nanoemulsions at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg body weight was effective, with a withdrawal period of 0 days for dairy cows. The total extermination rate of the nanoemulsions against
adult nematodes was 98.40±1.52%. The AUCmilk/plasma ratio was 0.67±0.03. The optimal dose was found to be 0.2 mg/kg body weight.
Study on the Collection Efficiency of Bioaerosol Nanoparticles by Andersen-Type Impactors
Authors: Tian Ying , Wu Yanqi , Zhang Guocheng , Chen Hui , Wu Dan , Liu Jiaqi , Li Yinglong , Shen Shangyi , Feng Duan , Pan Yiting , Li Jingjing
Published: April 2022

Airborne transmission is much more common than previously thought. Based on our knowledge about SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) infection, the aerosol transmission routes for all respiratory infections must be reassessed. Thus far, the COVID-19 outbreak has caused catastrophic public health and
economic crises, posing a serious threat to the lives and health of people around the world and directing public attention toward the airborne transmission of pathogens. The novel coronavirus transmission in the form of nanoaerosols in a wider range hinders prevention and early warning efforts.
As a classical bioaerosol sampler, the Andersen six-stage sampler is widely used in the collection and research of aerosol particles. In this study, the physical and biological collection efficiency of the six-stage sampler was explored by qPCR and colony counting method. Results showed that
the physical collection efficiency reached more than 50% when the particle size was larger than 0.75 μm. However, the overall biological collection efficiency was only 0.25%. In addition, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry were used to detect the microbial state after sampling,
and the results showed that the proportion of the collected live bacteria was less than 15% of the total. This result is of great significance not only for the application of the Andersen six-stage sampler in collecting nanosized bioaerosols, but also provides reference for the selection of
subsequent detection technologies for effective collection.
Isolated Hip Fractures in the Elderly: Best Practice Analysis of Perioperative Medical Optimization Including Effect of Comorbidities, Functional Status, and Demographics
Authors: Rhodes Heather , Coile Evelyn , Eversley-Kelso Tatiana , Shaw Eric , Harton Robert , Dunne James , Pepe Antonio
Published: April 2022

Isolated hip fractures (IHFs) contribute to functional decline in the elderly. Our purpose was to evaluate IHF at two level 1 trauma centers and the effect of comorbidities on length of stay (LOS), ICU admission, disposition, and mortality. A retrospective study from July 2016 through December 2020 including patients ≥65 with IHFs identified 785 patients. Prior dependent functional status yielded a longer LOS (>6 days vs <6 days, P = .01). Comorbidities were not associated with increased LOS or ICU admission. ICU admission rate was 12.75%. Patients with advanced directive had increased ICU admission (8% vs 3%). The mortality rate was 2%. Increased mortality was seen with advanced directives (17% vs 2%, P < .05) and cirrhosis/substance abuse (12% vs 2%, P < .05). Disposition included home (20%), rehabilitation (43%), and SNF (31%). Comorbidities did not affect ICU admission, LOS, or disposition; however, cirrhosis/substance abuse demonstrated increased mortality.
Impact on Breast Cancer Survival by Surgical Facility Type Secondary to the ACOSOG Z0011 Trial
Authors: Hofmann Alana , Liu Huazhi , Copeland Edward , Ang Darwin
Published: April 2022

Background

Studies have reported differences between age, socioeconomic status, treatment facility, and tumor burden based on survival outcomes for breast cancer (BC). The goal of this study is to evaluate BC survival and mortality outcomes by facility type. To examine likely influence of evidence-based practices, these groups were then sub stratified by pre- and post-Z0011 trial.

Methods

This is a population-based study using the National Cancer Database of Commission on Cancer (CoC) designated centers. Intergroup comparisons of demographics were performed using chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox Hazard Ratios were used to evaluate survival differences. Multivariable regression methods were used to evaluate risk-adjusted 30- and 90-day mortality among BC patients. A difference-in-difference (DiD) analysis was used to evaluate the change of treatment over time pre- and post-Z0011 trial.

Results

Median survival was highest among comprehensive community facilities at 63.2 months and integrated community facilities at 62.7 months, while the lowest for community and academic facilities at 60.6 months and 61 months. Academic facilities had the lowest 30- and 90-day mortality. Community centers saw the largest improvement in overall mortality post-Z0011 trial. The benefit after the Z0011 trial was evident among community centers at the 90-day mortality period as their decrease in mortality (−1.7%) was significantly lower than the decrease of mortality among academic centers (−1.3%), P-value = .01.

Conclusion

While the Z0011 trial had a positive influence in both community and academic facilities, community programs benefited the most. Z0011 trial showed the most change in practice for the community centers.
Transplant Fellowship and Presenting at a Transplant-Specific Conference
Authors: Langford John T. , Yoo Peter S.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

The ASTS implemented a task force in 2018 to increase residents’ interest in careers in organ transplantation. National meetings offer important experiences that can increase interest. The present study examines an association that exists between presenting at a major transplant surgery meeting and a trainee’s likelihood of pursuing a career in transplant surgery.

Methods

All abstracts from the ASTS State of the Art Winter Symposium from 2010 to 2019 were evaluated. Using a combination of internet-based resources, it was determined if the presenter was a resident, what year of residency they were in, and if that individual went into a transplant fellowship.

Results

1544 abstracts were reviewed and 133 were presented by residents. Out of residents that presented, 68.4% (54/79) were senior residents and 31.6% (25/79) were junior residents. Of senior residents, 66.7% (36/54) went into transplant fellowships, while only 20.0% (5/25) of junior residents went into transplant fellowships. Being a senior resident when presenting was statistically significant for pursuing a transplant fellowship (P = .000113).

Discussion

Senior residents who present at ASTS SAWS are likely to pursue a transplant surgery fellowship. Junior residents who present are less likely to pursue transplantation, and this represents an opportunity to improve the engagement of young surgeons in the specialty.
An Eye for Artificial Intelligence: Insights Into the Governance of Artificial Intelligence and Vision for Future Research
Authors: Chhillar Deepika , Aguilera Ruth V.
Published: April 2022

In this 60th anniversary of Business & Society essay, we seek to make three main contributions at the intersection of governance and artificial intelligence (AI). First, we aim to illuminate some of the deeper social, legal, organizational, and democratic challenges of rising AI adoption and resulting algorithmic power by reviewing AI research through a governance lens. Second, we propose an AI governance framework that aims to better assess AI challenges as well as how different governance modalities (architecture, laws, norms, and market) can support AI. At the heart of our framework lies the governance forces that apply to institutions, organizations, and individuals, who ultimately provide, regulate, and use AI decision-making. We discuss how businesses may harness AI’s economic power through governance solutions without creating or amplifying societal biases and inequalities. Third, as part of our section on future research, we identify a set of governance trade-offs in AI adoption, suggest future research avenues to conceptually strengthen research on the governance of AI, and lay out key policy recommendations.
How Collaborating with NGOs Makes Green Innovations More Desirable
Authors: Schweitzer Fiona , Meng Yan
Published: April 2022

This research investigates how two different types of nongovernmental organization (NGO)–business collaboration for green innovation impact consumers’ purchase intentions. The authors carried out three studies, whose findings show that consumers prefer collaborations in which NGOs are integrated into the product development process (NGO co-development) over those that involve corporate giving to NGOs (sales-contingent donations). They show that green credibility works as a mediator, which explains why these two types of collaboration influence consumers’ purchase intentions differently. They also identify aspirational talk about a company’s future ambitions as an important boundary condition. These findings are important for literature on corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication, co-development, and co-branding and contribute to the discussion of the role of business in society.