bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Common and Chronic Problems Among Nurses Working in Healthcare Units of Uttrakhand State of India
Authors: Karki Indu , Sharma Promila , Rastogi S.K. , Joshi Pratibha 
Published: February 2022

Nursing, the profession of caring for the sick and the convalescent, the disabled and the helpless, is one of the noblest professions throughout the world. From the general ward to the operation theatre in the hospital, nursing is the most important component of patient care. The process of restoring patients to normal health depends as much, if not more, on nurses as on doctors or surgeons. In fact, the availability of effective nursing services is an indicator of the health of a country's medicare system. Stress in the nursing profession is an ongoing worldwide problem. Of all health care professionals, nurses have been found to have especially high levels of stress. A study among a large sample of Swedish nurses revealed that more than 80 per cent of the nurses reported high or very high job strain. Job stress in the nursing profession has been associated with decreased job satisfaction, increased psychological and physical complaints and absenteeism. Work conditions that have been associated with stress outcomes are inappropriate levels of formalization of work procedures (too much or too little formalization of work procedures), lack of adequate communication within the organization, and organizational politic. On the whole, it was observed that 40 per cent of nurses were suffering from headache and few nurses i.e. 17.5 per cent having back pain. The individual observation of government nurses (27.14 per cent) reported headache from the job which were temporary in nature. However, skin rashes and allergy was reported by 17.14 per cent. Further, 17.14 per cent government nurses suffered from temporary cough and cold due to other sources then their work. Occurrence of common illness among private nurses reveals that maximum of 42 per cent nurses were suffering from temporary back pain from job and only 8 per cent reported skin rashes and allergy which was due to their job. Temporary cough, cold and fever were reported by 24 per cent of private nurses from other sources. Most prevalent chronic illness was anemia among 19.17 per cent nurses. A very few of 1.67 per cent of nurses were having thyroid problem. The prevalence of chronic illness among government nurses indicates that 8.57 per cent nurses suffering from temporary respiratory disease. Anemia due to other sources (apart from job) which was temporary in nature was reported by 15.17 per cent nurses. Continuous problem of blood pressure was prevalent among 17.14 per cent government nurses which were originated due to long hours of job. Again a few proportion of government nurses (15.71 per cent) reported problem of diabetes mellitus. In case of private nurses, each of 12 percent nurses reported problems of anemia and gastrointestinal disorder. Only, 4 per cent nurses were suffered from temporary respiratory diseases. However, 8 per cent nurses reported continuous problem of diabetes mellitus and blood pressure.
Safety Leadership Competence and Organizational Safety Performance
Authors: Tappura Sari , Nenonen Noora
Published: February 2022

Safety leadership is a key factor in promoting safety performance in organizations. Managers need safety leadership competencies when motivating employee safety participation and compliance, as well as in improving the related safety outcomes. Based on the current research, certain safety leadership styles are vital with regard to safety performance. By developing these competencies, organizations may improve their effectiveness via better safety performance. Information on a managers’ safety leadership competence is required in order to develop their competencies and to develop safety training for managers. The objective of this study is to suggest efficient safety leadership competencies for managers, and discuss the importance of developing managers’ safety leadership competence. The results are based on a literature review and 18 interviews carried out in a Finnish expert organization. The results were structured according to the transactional and transformational leadership facets based on leadership theory. The results point out the importance of all traditional facets of transactional and transformational leadership with relation to safety performance, and the idealized influence leadership facet was emphasized. Other important facets were inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and management by exception. Both the transactional and transformational safety leadership competencies of the managers should be trained and developed.
A Test of a Systems Theory-Based Incident Coding Taxonomy for Risk Managers
Authors: Goode Natassia , M. Salmon Paul , G. Lenné Michael , F. Finch Caroline
Published: February 2022

Organizations need to be able to collect reliable and accurate data on the causal factors that lead to near misses and injury causing incidents in order to design appropriate, informed, safety interventions. The aim of this study was to test the inter-rater reliability of a prototype taxonomy for classifying the causal factors involved in incidents in the outdoor education and recreation sector. The taxonomy consists of three levels, where each category level breaks the previous one down into a finer level of detail. The study involved 14 respondents, who play a key role in risk management within their organization, using the taxonomy to code 10 detailed incident reports. The incident reports were composited from reports and enquiries into actual events, and ranged in injury severity from fractures to fatalities. Participants were asked to: 1) identify the causal factors involved in each incident; and 2) identify the code/s from the taxonomy which best described those causal factors. The study demonstrated that the taxonomy can be used by risk managers to identify and code causal factors across all levels of the led outdoor activity system. However, identifying appropriate codes at the second and third level of detail was problematic.
Safety Climate and its Relationship with Furniture Companies’ Safety Performance
Authors: A. Rodrigues Matilde , Arezes Celina P. Leãoc Pedro
Published: February 2022

Safety climate has been stated as a relevant measure to monitor safety performance. However, it is important to demonstrate that the measures used by companies are appropriate for this purpose. In this context, the current study aims to analyze the relationship between safety climate level and the companies’ safety performance in the Portuguese furniture sector. A total of 14 Portuguese furniture companies were studied. The assessment of the safety climate, considering a multilevel structure, was performed by the use of the Safety Climate in Wood Industries (SCWI) tool. The companies’ safety performance was analyzed trough the application of a checklist. The analysis of the results showed a strong linear positive relation between safety climate scores and the percentage of safety performance. A further analysis was carried out to investigate the relationships between each analyzed scale with the work group’ safety performance. The organizational scale was identified as the most correlated with that variable. In general, the study showed that safety climate, particularly the SCWI tool, is a good measure to analyze and to monitor the furniture companies’ safety performance, identifying the most problematic work groups and showing that as higher the safety climate scores, higher safety behaviors and workplace with better safety conditions are expected.
The Study of Work Ability for the Staff of Chain Hair Salons in Central Taiwan
Authors: Lin a Hsiao-Ting Lu Hsin-Chieh Wu Yu-Cheng
Published: February 2022

With the social development and economy improvement in Taiwan, people are pursuing a better life quality. The “better life quality” maybe means a self-satisfied life style for most of young people in Taiwan. They pay more attention and spend more money and time on their appearance, just like their hair styles and dressing. The growing rate of number of employees in styles hair industry is about 2% per year. Musculoskeletal disorders and chemicals exposure are the major factors to affect the working ability for the employees in hair-styling industry. However, the situation becomes worse because of the rise and development of chain hair salons and prolonged working time. The purpose of this study is to investigate the work ability with the Work Ability Index Questionnaire for staff working at chain hair salons in central Taiwan, including supervisors, hair stylists and assistants. According to the result of Work Ability questionnaire, overall Work Ability Index (WAI) is 35.14 and the work ability category is “moderate”. If the gender is considered, the WAI for male and female are 37.26 and 33.8, and their work ability categories are “good” and “moderate” respectively. If the job position is considered, only the work ability category for supervisors/branch manager is good. There are significant differences of work ability between job positions and gender. Thus, the present situation of work ability for these hair-styling staff in central Taiwan is evident and related improvement suggestions are made.
Risk Management as
Authors: Strategic Tool in Elderly Care A
Published: February 2022

The aim of this two-year intervention study was to provide information on the work-related physical demands and risks among nurses working in elderly 24-hour care units and to determine what kind of measures and management means can reduce physical strain on nurses. A variety of measures were used. This paper presents the key findings of nurses' physical load and risks associated with nursing care (The Care Thermometer method) and perceived workload of nurses (job strain and satisfaction questionnaire).The level of working safety increased from 56% to 71.5%. High-risk tasks have been reduced from 22.5% to 13.9%.There were significant differences (p-value <.001) in perceived stress between physical and psychological stress and by activities (long term care; homes for elderly; service homes) and by professions (nurses; practical nurses; nursing aids; first-line managers). Both physical stress and psychological stress increased, but physical stress increased less than psychological stress. It can be assumed that the interventions in this study had a positive impact on physical stress. Additional tests are needed to explain the differences between physical and psychological stress and the measures and management means that can best reduce physical strain on nurses.
Semi-quantitative Approach in Risk Assessment: Inter and Intra-rater Reliability
Authors: Carvalho Filipa , B. Melo Rui
Published: February 2022

The semi-quantitative approach used in occupational risk assessments is quite popular among safety practitioners, namely because it allies the advantages of both the quantitative and the qualitative approaches and overcomes some of their limitations. However it still rises some concerns as the sort of methods involved haven’t been fully studied in order to assure high levels of confidence in the results they produce. This is a particularly relevant issue as the workers’ health and safety may be compromised if risk assessment results are not reliable. Therefore, a comparative study on the reliability of matrix based risk assessment methods was accomplished, particularly focused on their stability and reproducibility. The Krippendorff’s Alpha Coefficient (K) was chosen to assess inter-coder (reproducibility) and intra-coder (stability) reliability. In most cases, inter and intra coder reliability proved to be low (K <0.6) for both the risk level and the intermediate variables of each assessment method. Consequently, different priority interventions may be suggested, depending on the analyst involved and/or the moment of the risk assessment accomplishment. The obtained K values for the three groups of analysts seem contrary to the literature as the risk assessment results appear not to be dependent on their levels of experience and expertise.
Occupational Hazards Faced by the Agricultural Hill Population
Authors: Bhatt Hema , Sharma Promila
Published: February 2022

Hill terrains have always posed enormous challenges for human habitation. India, being a vast subcontinent, has an extensive area of hilly terrain. This paper highlights the challenges faced and the need of improving the occupational safety of hill population. For the present investigation data was collected purposively from Bageshwar and Almora districts of the Uttarakhand state in India. t was reported that hill women performed various tasks including on farm activities like harvesting, weeding, land preparation, transplanting, sowing. The main off farm activities performed by them include making firewood, making fodder, carrying firewood, carrying fodder, carrying milk/food. The domestic activities performed by them include cooking, washing, mopping, milking, collecting dung. It was found that almost 96 per cent of these tasks were found to be performed by women only while men did just the 4 per cent of these tasks. While performing these tasks the hazards reported by the respondents were attack of wild animal, slip/trip/falls, fog, flood, temperature extremities, torrential rain, earthquake, thunderstorm, snowfall, landslide, road accidents, and forest fire.
Risk Assessment for Occupational Exposure to Chemicals in an Electroplating Industry
Authors: Silva Marco , Corticeiro Neves Miguel
Published: February 2022

Risk assessment for occupational exposure to chemicals should be one concern of all electroplating industries. The quantities and characteristics of hazardous substances and mixtures used, requires a risk assessment to ensure the protection of workers, and the legal compliance to the requirements in this area. This paper aims to apply a general method (NTP 330) for this assessment and compare the results with the results obtained from the application of three qualitative methods of risk assessment of exposure to chemical agents: NTP 934, NTP 936 and NTP 937, all published by the Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo Espanhol. After a description of the risk assessment methods applied, it will be performed a comparative analysis of risk level results and of the control measures to be implemented, with the aim of describing the advantages and disadvantages of each method and in what conditions it can be carried out. This will allow in certain situations the adoption of measures to control the risk without recourse to quantitative methodologies. Although in cases of high risk, assessment should be more detailed and use methodologies for measuring the concentration of chemicals in workplace atmosphere, for comparison with the threshold limit values.
Ergonomics and Resilience in Crisis Management
Authors: Cesar R. Vidal Mario , Victor R. de Carvalho Paulo
Published: February 2022

The aim of this article is to discuss the crisis management from the ergonomics point of view, i.e., presenting useful and applied recommendations, coming from a joint process of diagnostic and conception, conducted by experts capable to produce significant changes in the organizations’ productive processes. The article is structured in three parts. In the first we present the historical evolution of the risk management concepts, since their military-strategic origins up to their actual definitions as a strategic and integrated part of the organizations business management processes. In the second part, we discuss some crisis management models and events from the ergonomics and resilience engineering point of view, i.e., the analysis inside the activity. We conclude this article based on resilience and ergonomic concepts, claiming how essential an adequate crisis management process is for the efficient functioning and even survival of any modern organization.
Soldier Narrative Analysis as Part of a Rapid Fielding Program
Authors: Jaye Michael , J. Driscoll* Patrick , Choe Donnie , Diaz Victor , Keller Anthony
Published: February 2022

The Warfighter Technology Tradespace Methodology (WTTM) employs technology acceptance and decision analysis theories, applying them to systems for developers to garner accurate understanding of end user expectations and concerns. WTTM applies a tradespace construct that is reliant upon three primary components as input – technical performance, logistic supportability, and human factors. The intent of this tradespace approach is two-fold: (1) to understand and assess the current state of systems as solutions to combat outpost challenges; and (2) to provide information to system developers participating in the activity as to how to tailor implemented design elements to better align with warfighter expectations, thereby maximizing the likelihood of technology acceptance upon fielding. To inform that process via a feedback mechanism, we gathered and analyzed narratives from soldier end users. We collected and tagged soldier sense-making items regarding newly fielded equipment, creating metadata for quantitative research and analysis. Here, we present the collection process as well as the results of sense-making analyses of narratives obtained from soldiers who worked with several pieces of newly fielded equipment. The intent is to highlight user dispositions as well as those factors influencing acceptance or rejection of the newly fielded equipment.
Basic Study on Prevention of Human Error-Anchoring Bias in Relationship between Objective and Subjective Probability-
Authors: MURATA Atsuo , MORIWAKA Makoto
Published: February 2022

This study empirically identified the relationship between the objective and the subjective probabilities, and confirmed whether the relationship corresponded with the hypothesized weighting function proposed in prospect theory. As a result, it was found that the experimentally identified relationship between the objective and the subjective probabilities corresponded with the hypothetical weighting function above. In other words, the estimated number of deaths was underestimated for moderate and high number of deaths, while the estimated number of deaths was overestimated for the small or rare number of deaths. Moreover, in order to examine how cognitive bias occurred in the estimation of number of deaths for a variety of deaths and accidents, it was discussed whether the different anchor biased the relationship above. The estimated numbers of deaths were remarkably affected by the anchor, and the estimated numbers of deaths for the group given the anchor A (large number of deaths) was larger than that for the group given the anchor B (small number of deaths). Some implications for risk management were given from the perspective of cognitive biases.
Semantic Enrichment and Reasoning for Mobile Data Collection of Socio-Cultural Data
Authors: Caglayan Alper , Cassani Laura , Clark Tim , Alavedra Jose , Bharadwaj Vinay , Lee Nick , Parkes John
Published: February 2022

Leveraging the widespread adoption of mobile devices, we have developed a semantic knowledge management, mobile data collection, and situational awareness capability that enables the automatic semantic annotation and fusion of mobile collected data. The major components of our semantic knowledge management system consist of form management; data collection, aggregation, and storage; and spatially aware semantic analysis. Our research transforms the analysis of large amounts of data collected from mobile devices from an unstructured process to a structured approach leveraging semantic technology and automated tagging. Semantic technology is used to author, publish, and distribute forms to mobile devices. When submitted from the mobile device, the structured form is mapped to a semantic form to automatically generate semantic annotations from the mobile collected data for semantic enrichment. The semantic representation of the data enables users to organize, analyze, visualize, and create custom information products from the aggregated data.
The End of a Civilization: What Moderns Might Learn from Thucydides’ Peloponnesian War
Authors: A. McBrayer G.
Published: February 2022

Thucydides self-consciously presents the Peloponnesian War as the greatest war the world had ever seen to that point in history, insofar as it was a contest between the two greatest Greek powers—Athens and Sparta—at the peak of Greek Civilization.  The war, however, would mark the beginning of the end of this great civilization.  Although Thucydides does not unequivocally blame Athens for the war that ultimately leads to the destruction of Greece, it is clear that he thinks Athenian devotion to motion, or to the perpetual pursuit of progress, spurred it on.  Thucydides appears to lament the great expansion of education, in particular the sophistic education that became prevalent in Greece and contributed heavily to the theoretical justification behind the Athenian Empire.  Even or especially education at its highest—Socratic philosophy—seems to bear some culpability for, or is at least symptomatic of, Athens’ decline, and ultimately Greece’s decline as well, in Thucydides’ view.  This paper will examine Thucydides' teaching regarding the decline of civilization to see if it can offer any guidance to the current crisis of civilization in the West.
PSYMDEV, a System Intended for Assisting the Military Analyst to Construct Psychological Messages
Authors: Faucher Colette , Machtoune Malika
Published: February 2022

In asymmetric conflicts, the Armed Forces generally have to intervene in countries where the internal peace is in danger. They must make the local population an ally in order for them to be able to deploy the necessary military actions with its support. For this purpose, psychological operations (PSYOPS) are used to shape people’s behaviors and feelings by spreading out messages thanks to different media (tracts, loudspeakers, video clips, etc.). In this paper, we present PSYMDEV (PSYchological Message DEViser), a system that helps the military analyst to construct messages that trigger specific feelings in members of the population selected by social criteria like age or political opinion and called the info-targets. Given such a sociocultural group and a feeling that the latter must feel, the system provides a twofold-situation that consists of, on the one hand, a categorization-situation meant to induce a positive or negative initial state of mind in the info-targets depending on the type of feeling to be triggered through a psychological mechanism inspired by theories stemming from Social Psychology and an action-situation aiming at effectively triggering the specific feeling through a psychological process explained by the Intergroup Emotion Theory, an extension of the Appraisal Theory of Emotions. These situations are illustrated by means of images or a film or some auditive elements, thanks to adapted media generally used by the military like tracts or video clips, for example. Therefore, the twofold-situation gives birth to a psychological message intended to trigger a feeling. After presenting the theories underlying the system and its overall structure and functioning, we more specifically focus on the conception of a categorization-situation.
Managing Safety-Related Compliance of Machines in Global Market
Authors: Vasara Juha , Kivistö-Rahnasto Jouni
Published: February 2022

In global trade a machine manufacturer must localize their products for different customers and market areas and they need to manage large variety of product safety requirements, conformity declarations and product liability issues. The aim of this study is to determine 1) which kind of problems there are involved in managing product safety-related requirements of machines intended for use at work internationally and 2) how globally operating companies designing and manufacturing machines have managed this issue in global market. The study is based on literature review and interviews of representatives of two large internationally operating European companies manufacturing machines intended for use at work. The companies’ representatives experienced that the European integration has clarified the product safety requirements, but the actual practices may still vary between different member countries within the EU. The compliance with European product safety requirements were seen as a good basis for re-engineering the machines to the global market. The typical strategies to localize the products were 1) to meet the requirements locally in the front line, and 2) identify and take into account the local requirements and needs during the initial design and manufacturing of the machine.
Do you feel... like I do? Individual Differences and Military Multi-Modal Displays
Authors: W. Cholewiak Roger
Published: February 2022

The design and implementation of multi-modal information displays can be affected by individual differences within the target user population. These differences manifest themselves at a number of sensory, perceptual, and cognitive levels. In general, such differences and their ranges are rarely taken into account in system design. Instances of significant differences among “normal” individuals will be considered particularly in the visual, auditory, and tactile sensory modalities. As will be discussed in this review of some of the pertinent literature, there can be substantial variation in sensation, perception, and cognition both within an age group as well as over the age span of the target population. For example, because the ages of military personnel can range over five or six decades, device designers have to account for the fact that levels of sensory sensitivity and acuity deteriorate significantly with age. This paper will survey a number of these individual differences, particularly those that have the potential for complicating the design and general application of informational displays for the military. Subtle variations in individual sensitivity and even perceptual “style” can undermine the “one-size-fits-all” philosophy of display design. These have the potential to affect the utility of the system under battlefield stress conditions.
Impact of Device Reliability and Route Exposure on Navigational Performance
Authors: D. Kennedya Kellie , P. Blissa James , L. Nunesb Isabel
Published: February 2022

Some researchers now suggest that the relationship between signal reliability and behavior may not be mediated by trust in all circumstances. Driving is an ideal task domain for investigating the reliability-trust relationship because drivers increasingly rely on automated navigational systems for guidance. The primary goal of this investigation was to evaluate participant performance in a simulated navigational task while using a navigational aid with a specified level of reliability (75% or 95%). We predicted that drivers would choose to comply with an aid more often when the expected reliability was high than when it was low. Participants were provided cursory exposure to a target route to provide route familiarity. Performance measures included speed, duration, distance, time stopped, time moving, time out, and task success. We found no significant effect of reliability on any of the driving performance measures; however, performance significantly improved for repeated task presentation. We contend that route exposure and navigational aid experience influenced driver performance more than the stated aid reliability. These results yield further information about the limitations of evaluating automation trust using behavioral measures.
Effect of fNIRS on Physiological Index and Performance Under Vibratory Stimulus
Authors: Sugimoto Junya , Hagiwara Hiroshi
Published: February 2022

Many traffic accidents are caused by human error. In order to help prevent human such error, we investigated brain hemodynamics in both the frontal and the somatosensory areas by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), electrocardiogram (ECG), and the following two types of task performance with vibratory stimulation: a Tracking task and the Stroop test. To evaluate changes in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (oxyHb), we used δoxyHb as previously defined (H. Iwasaki: Availability and future prospects of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in usability evaluation, Human Factors and Ergonomics). Briefly, the waveform data of oxyHb are passed through a differential filter. A sum of more than zero is defined as a positive component, whereas a sum of less than zero is defined as a negative component. δoxyHb is defined as a positive component minus a negative component. δoxyHb > 0 indicates an increasing trend of oxyHb and δoxyHb < 0 indicates a decreasing trend of oxyHb. Our results show that tracking error and the variance of tracking error were reduced when vibratory stimulation was present. Marginally statistically significant (p < 0.1) differences for both tracking and Stroop indices were observed when comparing measures with and without vibratory stimulation. These results suggest that subjects were able to track targets more stably with than without vibratory stimulation. On the other hand, performance on the Stroop test (reaction time, variance of Stroop test, and percentage of correct answers) was not affected by vibratory stimulation. ECG HF (high frequency) in both tasks was lower with than without vibratory stimuli. ECG LF (low frequency)/HF in both tasks was higher with than without vibratory stimuli. The results of HF and LF/HF stimulation imply the predominance of both the sympathetic nervous system during vibratory stimulation and the parasympathetic nervous system with no stimulus. δoxyHb showed differences in the somatosensory area during the Tracking task between vibratory stimulation and no stimulation. In summary, presentation of vibratory stimuli improved performance in the Tracking task. Therefore, use of vibratory stimulation during driving may decrease traffic accidents caused by human error.
The Role of Three-dimensional Immersive Environments in Assessment and Training of Spatial Skills
Authors: Kozhevnikov Maria , Amihai Ido , Kozhevnikov Michael
Published: February 2022

Recently, increasingly realistic three-dimensional (3D) visual displays have been designed to serve as new, more ecologically valid alternatives to conventional two-dimensional (2D) displays. However, research has thus far provided inconsistent evidence regarding the effectiveness of 3D displays in facilitating training and task performance. Here we investigated how individuals generate and transform mental images within 3D immersive environments, in which the viewers perceive themselves as being surrounded by a 3D world. In Experiment 1, we compared participants’ performance on the mental rotation task across the following types of visual presentation environments: traditional 2D non-immersive (2DNI), 3D non-immersive (3DNI – anaglyphic glasses), and two 3D immersive (3DI) environments: 3DI/HMD - head mounted display with position and head orientation tracking, and 3DI/A –augmented virtual reality technology implementing “see-though” head mounted display.  In Experiment 2, we compared electroencephalogram (EEG) data recorded while participants were mentally rotating spatial images presented in 3DI/HMD vs. 2DNI environments. The findings suggest that in a non-immersive environment, participants may utilize more “artificial” encoding, during which the 3D images are encoded with respect to a scene-based frame of reference (i.e. the computer screen). On the other hand, in an immersive environment, participants use egocentric encoding strategy, during which the 3D images are encoded in relation to the observer, the same strategy they would use in a real-world. Overall, the results of both experiments indicate that immersivity aspect of an environment might be one of the most important aspects to be considered for assessment and training in domains that rely on visual-spatial performance (e.g., robotics, navigation, medical surgery).
What Eye Tracking Can Reveal about Dynamic Decision-Making
Authors: Vachon François , Tremblay Sébastien
Published: February 2022

While eye tracking can provide invaluable information on visual cognition, it is uncertain whether the pattern of one’s ocular behavior could reflect mental processes beyond the mere visual encoding of task-relevant information. The present study is concerned with the use of eye-movement measures as indicators of the cognitive processing involved in situation monitoring and dynamic decision-making tasks. In the context of a computer-controlled simulation of radar-based risk assessment, we monitored eye movements and extracted metrics relative to 1) scanpath, 2) eye fixations, and 3) pupillary response in order to predict the quality of decisions and time taken to classify aircraft displayed on a radar screen according to their threat level. Based on multiple regressions performed on almost 10,000 classifications, eye-tracking data can explain 77.9% of the variance in decision time but failed to predict classification accuracy. However, when regressions were applied to individual differences, eye movements can predict both classification time (69.2%) and accuracy (45.9%). While the analysis of scanpath and fixation duration is a good indicator of information seeking and can predict the time taken to make a decision, pupil dilation appears to be informative on the quality of that decision. These findings show how dynamic, event-based measures of eye movements could serve as an assessment method that goes beyond traditional usability testing and provide insights in the design of user interface and decision support systems.
Eye Tracking Study: Overhead Menu Board and Its Effect on Consumer Purchase Decision
Authors: Abegail Magadia Aleli , Bernadette Medel Krichelle , Maris Reyes Stella , Grepo Lorelie
Published: February 2022

Overhead menu boards are intended to aid the business in its operation. Aside from informing the customers on what the store has to offer, it could also be used as marketing tool to influence the decision of the customer and increase sales. Up until now, there has been no concrete data on how people examine menu boards and how it actually affects their purchase decision.To help maximize the use of these menu boards, a survey was conducted on their effectiveness in the tea shop business. Students and young professionals were asked to assess these menu boards based on their experience. At the same time, an eye tracking study was also conducted to give clear explanation on how consumers look and process the pieces of information presented on these boards.From these, it has been found out that indeed overhead menu boards affect the purchase decision of customers especially those who are not frequent buyers. Guidelines such as the number of boards consisting the menu, emphasis on the best sellers, font style and color to be used, text spacing and format, placement of the menu board in the shop, and the how these pieces of information should be presented/arranged on the menu board were suggested.To further improve the study, it was suggested that a study on menu boards used in another type of business could be done. Major differences with the optimal design derived for tea shop menu boards, if any, could then be assessed. Also, a more general set of samples/subjects could be used to further strengthen or validate the results obtained in this study.
Resource Allocation Strategies in Multitasking after Switch in Task Priorities
Authors: Matton Nadine , Paubel Pierre , Cegarra Julien , Raufaste Eric
Published: February 2022

People often have to manage multiple tasks simultaneously or, more precisely, concurrently. In such situations, one has to allocate efficiently ones resources in order to attend to each subtask in a relevant order and proportion. Moreover, such resource repartition is usually not rigid. Indeed, people should ideally adapt their resource allocation flexibly to each particular context. For example, a pilot has to adapt his resource allocation strategy among the different cockpit instruments depending on the flight phase (e.g., take-off, cruise or landing). The present paper investigated the adaptation of resource allocation strategies to changing priorities. More precisely, 20 participants took the priority management test of the current ENAC pilot selection process with an eye tracking technology. In this test, four subtasks have to be performed concurrently with two conditions of assigned priorities: equal-priority and differential-priority (with two “low-priority” and two “high-priority subtasks). Results highlighted large individual differences of performance in the differential priority stage that could be related to a strategy of abandoning specifically one low-priority subtask. So, designating one subtask as being less important involves the risk that people neglect it completely, especially for those who have the most difficulties in multitasking.
Context aware interruptions: existing research and required research
Authors: Kolbeinsson Ari , Thorvald Peter , Lindblom Jessica
Published: February 2022

Companies in various fields are developing information systems that are supposed to show information in a context sensitive manner. This involves modifying user interfaces based on the current activity and location of the user. The research that exists for context aware, task aware, and location aware systems come mostly from research in the office environment and using stationary work computers using standard mouse and keyboard-operated systems. Other environments, such as manufacturing environments, have not received the same research attention, and therefore research is required to see whether existing theories and frameworks apply to the manufacturing domain. Adding to this, context aware systems are now being created for new classes of devices such as mobile and wearable devices, to be used in multiple domains. All this requires an investigation and validation of older research, and shows how the research of the basic human factors surrounding new devices and domains has fallen behind the development of the devices themselves. This paper examines shortly how recent changes advances in technology affect what is required from the field of interruption research, as well as what is needed to support other domains than the office environment.
Variability Handling in Multi-Mode Service Composition
Authors: Rudzajs Peteris , Kirikova Marite
Published: February 2022

Information services are designated for information processing intensive tasks and may require different levels of human involvement in their execution, e.g., in information processing and analysis. The handling of variability in information service systems incorporates the concern of human involvement in service execution or, as we denote it, functioning mode of service. The existence of different functioning modes of services raises a problem of multi-mode service composition. In the paper we propose the use and the extension of variability representation model to represent variability in the information service system and present the multi-mode service composition approach to derive consistent flows of both abstract and concrete services.
A Journey Recommender System Using Crowd Attention Monitoring for Facilitating a Collaborative Visiting Experience
Authors: Chen Rebecca , Ho Tina , J. Lin Raymund
Published: February 2022

Nowadays when people are visiting an exhibition or museum, the only available guidance is usually brochure or map, which shows location information statically. People are not able to get real-time situation of the exhibition or museum, such as which booth is currently popular. With the prevalence of mobile and social network, we can analyze people's booth visiting histories and provide valuable insights to users of a proposed journey recommender system. This presentation proposes a journey recommender system using crowd attention monitoring and dynamic route planning for facilitating a collaborative visiting experience. An exhibition case is used to demonstrate how the system works.
Meeting Service Needs of the Changing Profile of Student Customers
Authors: Nielsen Doreen , Lin Yong , White Anthony
Published: February 2022

The objective of this paper is to investigate how Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) in the United Kingdom (UK) can redefine education services to meet the needs of student customers. The student demographics extracted from the UK’s Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA), Key Information Sets (KIS) and an example HEI, University of Greenwich, UK, are explored and analysed. Additionally, the National Statistics Survey (NSS) on student satisfaction is also examined. Statistical analysis alone is insufficient to form a contextual view of the general student customers’ profile. The changing demographics and the current student customers’ prolific use of technology highlighted the fact that the past understanding of student profiles and their education needs no longer apply in the current context. A new method of student customer profiling is suggested. Service procurement in HEIs and the Service Consumption Life Cycle of student customers are discussed in the context of service needs and iterative interactions with specific service delivery focal areas within the HEI. A recommendation is made for periodic risk regulation assessments using new student customer profiles against areas of service needs to ensure a set of quality service delivery to meet the needs of these new students.
Supporting Decision Making and Policy Through Large Scale Pilots
Authors: Leitold Herbert
Published: February 2022

Under the European Commission’s ICT Policy Support Programme (ICT-PSP) so-called Large Scale Pilots (LSPs) have been launched to advance cross-border interoperability in key policy areas like eID, eHealth, eProcurement, eJustice or the Services Directive. Member States (MS) collaborated to make their existing services interoperable. The first LSPs started in 2008 and impressive results have meanwhile been achieved. Although being technical projects, key hurdles that had to be overcome wasn’t technology, but legal and operational issues, understanding the legacy and administrative cultures in the participating states, or governance of results. This paper will focus on those aspects. Taking the LSP STORK as an example, the experience made on decision making in such complex initiatives is discussed. The paper will discuss what activities preceded the piloting, like the ministerial declaration that expressed the political will, how the LSP was set up to implement it, and how it led to policy initiative like the upcoming Regulation on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market (eIDAS).
Collaborative Practices in Innovation Ecosystems
Authors: Russo-Spena Tiziana , Tregua Marco , Bifulco Francesco
Published: February 2022

In management literature “ecosystem” idea is becoming more and more relevant and it appears as a useful way to describe the set in which organizations operate. This is even more common when referring to innovation, in order to describe contributions arising outside from organization boundaries. Our research interests start from innovation ecosystem and are even framed in the domain of practice-based studies, leading to the overlapping of these two streams of research and to the chance to define the collaborative practices to convey innovation in ecosystems. We investigated this approach through a case study based on an innovation context composed by a high number of actors linked to cultural heritage issues, known as DATaBenC. The results of our analysis give us the chance to define this context as set by the proposers and tagged as an innovation ecosystem after defining its identity. Then each actor defines its own identities in the ecosystem and finally the actions are described as a way to operationalize the objectives. By summing up the three practices shed some more light on how innovation takes place, with a detailed description on how actors collaborate to reach common aims driven by innovation.
Learning Driven Collaboration Management for Unstructured Service Processes
Authors: Obata Akihiko , Kobayashi Noriyuki
Published: February 2022

We conducted ethnographic studies of several service works, such as social welfare case work in a city and, customer support desk work for a computer maintenance company, etc. We found the unstructured nature of service to be one of the major problems in improving service performance and quality. We propose a collaboration management model for structuring and improving unstructured service processes. We conducted an experiment in social welfare work in a city. An expert and two teams of case workers participated. The case workers successfully elaborated the initial work template created by the expert by two learning cycles of the proposed collaboration management model.
A Study on BEMS Based on Behavioral Economics for Small and Medium-Sized Buildings
Authors: Nishino Atsushi , Suzuki Masatomi , Inokuchi Yume , Hashimoto Satoshi
Published: February 2022

The authors have researched and developed Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) to promote energy-savings in small and medium-sized office buildings. In order to accelerate the installation of BEMS into these buildings, it is important to develop BEMS which meets the following two requirements;1) To achieve the system configuration through the ease of installation.2) To have functions of inducing energy-saving behaviors of people in the office.For the purpose of developing practical BEMS, it is essential to examine the above from a viewpoint of the human side. In this paper, a concept of the system developed by the authors is briefly introduced, and followed by the discussion on users' energy-saving behaviors induced by the information providing method. First, the outline and features of the system are introduced. Next, the research on the information providing method for inducing energy-saving behaviors is explained. Finally, based on these researches, we propose a design policy for the information providing method to induce energy-saving behaviors. It is to provide information that increases the motivation before actions are taken and to reduce the occurrences of dissatisfaction after taking such actions. Currently, the effects of the system are under validation regarding whether it maintains and induces energy-saving behaviors.
Re-thinking the concept of Ethics for Public Corporate Identity
Authors: Piciocchia Paolo , Bassanob Clara , Galvinc Maureen
Published: February 2022

In current debate a pertinent question pivots on how service systems can develop sensitivity to ethical values. In this perspective, we can assert that, sensitivity to ethical values is fundamental and corporate government (as observer) in designing service systems dynamics and addressing behaviors generally tends to transfer its own values, attitudes, beliefs and knowledge. As a result, observation requires contextualizing.Considering that the ethical issue is a subjective issue, it might be more appropriate to discuss observation in terms of ethical judgment. If we analyze a service system, its behavior and observer perceptions of its behavior, it emerges that ethical judgment depends on observer ethics with reference to observed behavior.The aim of this paper is to interpret subjective ethical behavior guided by the values individuals live by and share, in order to foster lasting and defendable corporate competitive advantage from a service system perspective. By confronting this issue, we believe that re-thinking the concept of ethics could contribute to the development of a “healthy culture” in Public companies which would lay the foundations for the shaping of a strong corporate identity.