bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surfaceome of classical Hodgkin and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Hofmann Andreas , Thiesler Thore , Gerrits Bertran , Behnke Silvia , Sobotzki Nadine , Omasits Ulrich , Bausch‐Fluck Damaris , Bock Thomas , Aebersold Ruedi , Moch Holger , Tinguely Marianne , Wollscheid Bernd
Published: June 2015

Purpose

Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is characterized by a low percentage of tumor cells in a background of diverse, reactive immune cells. cHL cells commonly derive from preapoptotic germinal‐center B cells and are characterized by the loss of B‐cell markers and the varying expression of other hematopoietic lineage markers. This phenotypic variability and the scarcity of currently available cHL‐specific cell surface markers can prevent clear distinction of cHL from related lymphomas.

Experimental design

We applied the cell surface capture technology to directly measure the pool of cell surface exposed proteins in four cHL and four non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cell lines.

Results

More than 1000 membrane proteins, including 178 cluster of differentiation annotated proteins, were identified and allowed the generation of lymphoma surfaceome maps. The functional properties of identified cell surface proteins enable, but also limit the information exchange of lymphoma cells with their microenvironment.

Conclusion and clinical relevance

Selected candidate proteins with potential diagnostic value were evaluated on a tissue microarray (TMA). Primary lymphoma tissues of 126 different B cell‐derived lymphoma cases were included in the TMA analysis. The TMA analysis indicated gamma‐glutamyltranspeptidase 1 as a potential additional marker that can be included in a panel of markers for differential diagnosis of cHL versus NHL.
Himalayan Cambrian brachiopods
Authors: Popov Leonid E. , Holmer Lars E. , Hughes Nigel C. , Ghobadi Pour Mansoureh , Myrow Paul M.
Published: June 2015

A synoptic analysis of previously published material and new finds reveals that Himalayan Cambrian brachiopods can be referred to 18 genera, of which 17 are considered herein. These contain 20 taxa assigned to species, of which five are new: Eohadrotreta haydeni, Aphelotreta khemangarensis, Hadrotreta timchristiorum, Prototreta? sumnaensis and Amictocracens? brocki. Well‐preserved topotype material from the classic Parahio Valley section is described for three species that have not previously been illustrated photographically. A biostratigraphical scheme based on Cambrian brachiopod occurrence is integrated with that recently proposed for trilobites. Regional correlations based on shared taxa within and across Himalayan lithotectonic belts demonstrate that erosion of Cambrian rocks in the Kurgiakh orogeny in the Parahio Valley removed little of the Parahio Formation and that all of the fossil‐bearing lithotectonic zones share similar late early Cambrian brachiopods, suggesting regional faunal continuity at the time. Palaeobiogeographical analysis of the Cambrian brachiopod faunas from the Himalaya shows that they occupied a marginal position of the Australasian segment of Gondwana.
Comparison of Damage Evolution in Different Steels by Means of 3D X Ray Tomography
Authors: Fabrègue Damien , Landron Caroline , Bouaziz Olivier , Maire Eric
Published: June 2015

In this paper, the damage behavior of three different steels is studied by the means of 3D X ray tomography in tension: a Fe22Mn0.6C austenitic TWIP steel, a 316 L austenitic stainless steel, and an interstitial‐free (IF) ferritic one. The comparison gives a better insight into the damage of the twinning‐induced plasticity steel (Fe22Mn0.6C), which is a promising one due its very high mechanical properties. It is shown that the damage process of this type of steel involves not only an important nucleation of small voids but also a large growth of the biggest cavities. This last conclusion is true even if a constant macroscopical triaxiality is observed.
Glasfassaden – Konvergenz der Gewerke?
Authors: Heusler Winfried
Published: June 2015

Konvergenz, das Zusammenwachsen von Branchen und das Verschwimmen der bisher klar umrissenen Grenzen, innerhalb derer sich einzelne Unternehmen bisher positionierten, ist auch bei Glasfassaden im Vormarsch. Durch einen modularen Aufbau der Fassade mit integrierten, skalierbaren Funktionsgruppen lassen sich projektspezifische Lösungen effizienter und qualitativ hochwertiger planen sowie ausführen. Die Grundlage bilden optimierte Schnittstellen zwischen den Funktionsgruppen. Hilfreich sind Systembaukästen mit serienübergreifenden Funktionsprinzipien und Gleichteilen, systemspezifischen Konstruktionsmerkmalen sowie typischen Füge‐ sowie Anschlusstechniken. Je interoperabler die Bauteile sind, desto geringer ist der Aufwand zur Integration.

Adaptive Glass Facades – Convergence of trades? Convergence (as in) the merging of trades and the blurring of existing lines, within which single enterprises used to position themselves, is on the rise. This is applicable to glass fronts as well. By building a façade modularly with integrated and scalable functional groups, project specific solutions can be planned and executed more efficiently and with a higher quality. The foundation for this is an optimized cooperation between the functional modules. Modular systems with functional principles and COPs (carry over parts) across all series, system‐specific construction characteristics and typical joining and connection technologies are advantageous for that purpose. More interoperable building elements lead to a smaller integration effort.
Teehaus am Timmendorfer Strand
Authors: Siebert Barbara , Pistora Arthur
Published: June 2015

Das Teehaus steht quasi in der Ostsee, und ist nur über einen Steg zu erreichen. Entsprechend groß sind die Einflüsse infolge starkem Wind und Seewasser, die bei der Planung diverser Gebäudeteile beachtet werden mussten. Es kamen großflächige Fassadenscheiben – auch absturzsichernd, eine begehbare Scheibe im Inneren aus einer Isolierverglasung – nur knapp über der Wasseroberfläche, Brüstungsverglasungen im Inneren und ein nachträglich errichteter Windschutz im Terrassenbereich zur Ausführung. Auf Besonderheiten bei der Planung und Berechnung der Glasbauteile sowie die baurechtlichen Hintergründe bei diesem außergewöhnlichen Projekt soll in diesem Beitrag näher eingegangen werden.

Teahouse on “Timmendorfer Strand”. The Teahouse is situated in the Baltic Sea, only accessible over a pedestrian bridge. The impacts of wind and seawater on the building are very high; this had to be taken into account during design of the building and the transparent parts: Large Façade Areas, also with function as anti drop device, accessible glassing – scarcely above the water surface, railings inside and a wind protection outside are all made of glass. In this paper aspects of design and analysis are presented.
Aktueller Stand der Glasnormung
Authors: Siebert Geralt
Published: June 2015

Im Vergleich zu anderen Werkstoffen wie Mauerwerk oder Stahl ist der Glasbau relativ jung. Um ausreichende Sicherheit einfach gewährleisten zu können, wurde für die zunehmenden Anwendungsgebiete entsprechende Regeln für Bemessung und Konstruktion erarbeitet. Die Technischen Regeln werden aktuell durch die in der bauaufsichtlichen Einführung befindlichen DIN 18008 abgelöst. Damit existieren auch für die Bemessung von Glaskonstruktionen Regeln entsprechend des aktuell verbindlichen Bemessungskonzepts mit Teilsicherheitsbeiwerten. Die Erfahrungen aus der nationalen Normungsarbeit sollen auch für die entsprechenden Arbeiten auf europäischer Ebene genutzt werden.

The current state of glass standardization. Compared to other, traditional building materials like masonry or steel glass can be regarded as new material. Of course sufficient safety has to be guaranteed also for structures made of glass, so appropriate design rules have been developed. At the moment the so called Technical Rules are drawn back and replaced by DIN 18008; the list of mandatory building codes was recently updated. With DIN 18008 also for the design of glass structures a code following the modern principle of partial safety factors like defined in Eurocode does exist. Experience and knowledge gained in terms of developing national design rules can be used for comparable work on European level.
Stabilitätsverhalten von Kragträgern aus Verbundsicherheitsglas
Authors: Silvestru Vlad Alexandru , Englhardt Oliver
Published: June 2015

Kragträger aus Verbundsicherheitsglas, wie sie bei transparenten Fassaden in der Form von hängenden Glasfinnen eingesetzt werden, sind aufgrund ihrer Schlankheit, der produktionsspezifischen Imperfektionen und der auftretenden Belastungen kippgefährdet. Numerische und analytische Modelle, die für das Stabilitätsverhalten von Einfeldträger aus Glas bereits in der Fachliteratur vorhanden sind, werden für Kragträger untersucht und erweitert. Zusätzlich wird, ausgehend von praxisüblichen konstruktiven Ausführungen, der Einfluss der Einspannung unter Berücksichtigung weicher Zwischenschichtmaterialien wie Thermoplasten oder Kunstharzmörtel analysiert.

Stability behaviour of cantilevered beams made of laminated safety glass. Cantilevered beams made of laminated safety glass, as they are used for transparent facades in the form of suspended glass fins, are susceptible to lateral torsional buckling due to their slenderness, imperfections caused by production and the occurring loading. Numerical and analytical models, which already exist for the buckling behaviour of single‐span beams made of glass, are analysed and extended for cantilevered beams. Additionally, the influence of the clamped support, by considering the softer intermediate materials like thermoplastics or resin‐based grouts, is investigated based on connection details from practice.
Verglasungsregeln
Authors: Elstner Michael , Lunau Swantje , Wiegand Lutz
Published: June 2015

Die fachgerechte Auflagerung von Mehrscheiben‐Isolierglas ist die Basis für eine dauerhafte Funktionalität der gesamten Verglasung. Lange Zeit oblag dieses Thema ausschließlich der Erfahrung und Gewissenhaftigkeit der ausführenden Handwerker und Monteure. Bis heute ist die Basis für die Klotzung eine handwerkliche Regel. Sie ist sowohl Bestandteil der Ausschreibungen als auch der Montage der einzelnen Elemente. Zukünftig werden die Vorgaben für die Klotzung in einer europäischen Norm geregelt. Mit immer schwereren, größeren und auch anspruchsvolleren Glaseinheiten erhöhen sich auch die Anforderungen an die Klotzung. Ein rechnerischer Nachweis der Lastabtragung wurde im Rahmen der Erarbeitung des Norm‐Entwurfes von der deutschen Arbeitsgruppe diskutiert. Ein erster Ansatz hierfür soll vorgestellt werden. Darüber hinaus werden in diesem Beitrag die Struktur und die wesentlichen Anforderungen und Unterschiede gegenüber nationalen Vorgaben beschrieben.

Rules for Glazing. The foundation for the continued good functioning of the entire glazing structure over the long term is the professional and technically competent placing of the insulating glass units. For a long time this aspect of the glazing work was entrusted solely to the conscientiousness and the acquired experience of the craftsmen and the workmen carrying out the work. Right up to the present, the basis for procedures for blocking has been provided simply by the recognized rules of good craftsmanship applying in the case. The basis formed by these rules has generally formed both a component element specifications and also of instructions for the assembly of the individual elements. In future, however, precise specifications for blocking will be established in an official European Standard. As glazing units become heavier, larger and also designed to bear greater and greater loads and stresses, requirements placed on setting and location blocks are also becoming stricter. Procedures for a general calculated verification of load distribution were discussed by the German working group as part of the process of drawing up a draft for this European Standard and an outline of an initial approach to such calculated verification is presented here. In addition, this contribution discusses structural issues as well as the most important requirements under the European Standard; it also outlines the differences between these latter and the specifications established by domestic German rules and regulations.
Schiebetürbeschläge für Verbundsicherheitsglas mit lastabtragender Verklebung
Authors: Hartwig Peter , Winkler Sascha , Kothe Michael
Published: June 2015

Neben Einscheibensicherheitsglas (ESG) kommt heute bei Ganzglas‐Innentüren vermehrt auch Verbundsicherheitsglas (VSG) aus ESG zum Einsatz. Der Verbund bei VSG bietet eine erhöhte Sicherheit und die Möglichkeit mit speziellen Folien einen zusätzlichen Schallschutz sowie gestalterische Akzente zu realisieren. Bricht das Glas unter extremer mechanischer Belastung, so sorgt die hohe Reißfestigkeit der Folie für eine entsprechende Resttragfähigkeit. Dafür bietet DORMA‐Glas GmbH für das manuelle Schiebetürsystem AGILE 150 modifizierte Klemmlaufwagen an, die mit einer speziellen beidseitigen Verklebung der Beschläge am Glas sicher halten und die reduzierte Klemmkraft ausgleichen. Sie verhindern ein Absenken der Türblätter auch bei hoher Belastung in stark frequentierten Bereichen. Die Leistungsfähigkeit der Klebung hinsichtlich der erwarteten Belastungen soll über Traglastversuche an großformatigen Prüfkörpern sowohl unter kurzzeitiger als auch unter dauerhafter Beanspruchung experimentell nachgewiesen werden.

Sliding door fittings for laminated safety glass with load‐bearing bonding. In addition to toughened glass, all‐glass sliding doors are now increasingly realized with laminated safety glass. The composite of laminated safety glass offers a higher security and allows the possibility for better sound insulation by using modified interlayer materials. The high tensile strength of the interlayer provides an appropriate residual bearing capacity in case of glass breakage under extreme mechanical stress. DORMA‐Glas GmbH offers a modified clamping carriage for the manual sliding door systems AGILE 150 with a special double‐sided bonding of the fittings to the glass. They prevent a lowering of the door leaves even under high loads in highly frequented areas. The performance of the bonding in terms of the expected loads should be experimentally proved via load test on large‐size specimens under short‐term and permanent loads.
Mehrachsige Spannungszustände bei geklebten Stahl‐Glas‐Fassadenelementen
Authors: Richter Carl , Abeln Björn , Geßler Achim , Feldmann Markus
Published: June 2015

In moderner Architektur sind Stahl‐Glas‐Fassaden prägnante Gestaltungselemente. Während in der Vergangenheit Stahl‐Glas‐Fassaden üblicherweise mit geschraubten Punkthaltern montiert wurden, findet man inzwischen bei vielen dieser Fassaden stattdessen verklebte Rahmenstrukturen. Die nachfolgend beschriebenen Arbeiten befassen sich mit mehrachsigen Spannungszustände in solchen geklebten Verbindungen, wie bspw. bei L‐förmigen Klebfugen. Sowohl experimentelle Untersuchungen als auch numerische Simulationen (unter Verwendung von verschiedenen, bereits vorhandenen hyperelastischen Materialmodellen) wurden innerhalb der Untersuchungen durchgeführt, um insbesondere die verschiedenen Materialmodelle zu vergleichen. Hierzu wurden Bauteilversuche an zwischen 6 und 15 mm dicken Glasscheiben durchgeführt und numerisch simuliert, unter Verwendung von zwei verschiedenen Klebstoffsystemen: einem 2K‐Silikon und einem 1K‐Polyurethan.

Multi‐axial stress‐strain behaviour of bonded structural steel‐glass facade panels. In today’s building, architecture the application of modern structural steel‐glass facades is very popular. While the typical assembly of such steel‐glass facades used to be with bolted point fixings, more and more facade panels are now designed using multi‐side bonded joints. The work described in this paper deals with multi‐axial stress states in bonded joints, e.g. with L‐shaped edge frame. Both experimental testing as well as numerical calculations have been carried out, leading to a thorough comparison of different numerical models. Large‐scale component tests were performed with two different adhesives (a 2C silicone and a 1C polyurethane) on glass plates between 6 and 15 mm thick.
Design und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten flächiger Silikonverklebungen
Authors: Doebbel Florian , Teich Martien , Müller Ulli
Published: June 2015

Glas wird nicht nur als transparente Ausfachung von Öffnungen in der Fassade eingesetzt, sondern dient ebenfalls als gestalterisches Element in der Gebäudehülle. Die Vielfalt an Bedruckung, Farb‐ und Formgebung ist gross. Vielschichtig sind aber auch die Anforderungen an Temperatur‐ und Witterungsbeständigkeit, Gestaltung, Sicherheit, Verarbeitung und Wirtschaftlichkeit. Hier werden durch die Entwicklung einer multifunktionalen Silikonapplikation neue Möglichkeiten eröffnet. Durch die direkte und vollflächige Verklebung von gläsernen Deckschichten mit der rückwärtigen Tragstruktur können diverse Funktionen in der Klebschicht vereint werden. Dieser Beitrag zeigt neue Möglichkeiten der konstruktiven Umsetzung und der rechnerischen Bemessung auf.

Approach of designing composite panels with laminar applied silicone adhesive. Glass is not just a transparent skin used to cover openings in curtain wall units. Additionally it is an architectural element what forms the face of a building. The diversity of prints, colors and shapes is huge. But there is also a variety of demands on temperature and weathering resistance, design, safety, processing and profitability. Referring to that, the development of a multifunctional silicone application opens new opportunities. Realizing a direct and laminar bonding between a cover made of glass and the load‐bearing structure on the backside, several functions can be combined in the silicone layer. This paper shows opportunities of structural design and calculation.
Semitransparente Photovoltaik. Ein historischer Überblick und die Frage zur zukünftigen Entwicklung.
Authors: Moor Dieter
Published: June 2015

Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit der Entwicklung semitransparenter Photovoltaik für die architektonische Gebäudeintegration. In den vergangen Jahren wurde von verschiedenen Fassadenbauern, Bauherren oder Architekten entsprechende Lösungen nachgefragt, die sich nun aufgrund der aktuellen wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung mehr oder weniger durchsetzen. In diesem Paper soll einerseits die Entwicklung dieses Trends erörtert und aufgrund der sich ständig ändernden Bedingungen in der Solarindustrie ein mögliches Zukunftsszenario gezeichnet werden.

Semitransparent photovoltaic. A historical overview and the question for the future. This article addresses the development of semitransparent photovoltaic for architectural building integration. In the past years, diverse facade engineers, builders or architects have been approached for respective solutions, which are now becoming more or less popular due to the current economic development. This paper discusses these trends and provides a possible scenario for the future to accommodate the continuously changing requirements in the solar industry.
Thermisch vorgespannte Gläser für den Architekturbereich ohne optisch wahrnehmbare Anisotropien
Authors: Dehner Hermann , Schweitzer Albert
Published: June 2015

Das Thema Anisotropie findet zunehmend mehr Bedeutung in Spezifikationen von Gläsern für den Architekturbereich. Meist findet man Angaben qualitativer Art. Konkrete Angaben oder gar Grenzwerte werden nicht festgelegt, da bislang keine Möglichkeiten einer messtechnischen Bewertung existierten. Die Bewertung von Mockups ist nicht geeignet und gegenüber keiner Partei zu vertreten, da Anisotropien in Abhängigkeit von der Lichtpolarisation unterschiedlich stark sichtbar sind. Durch die Verfügbarkeit einer Messapparatur wurde nun die Voraussetzung für eine objektive Bewertung geschaffen. Darauf aufbauend wurde eine optimierte Technologie entwickelt, welche die Herstellung von thermisch vorgespanntem Glas ohne störende Anisotropien ermöglicht.

Thermally toughened glass panes for architectural applications without visible anisotropy. Anisotropy is becoming more important in glass specifications for architectural applications. On those specifications, there are usually just qualitative indications but no specific details or even limits or tolerances for anisotropy as up to now it was not possible to perform any objective evaluation. The review of mock‐ups is not suitable as anisotropy is more or less visible depending on the light polarization and therefore there is no party responsible. Due to the recent existence of a measuring device, the requirement of an objective assessment or evaluation of anisotropy is now possible. Based on this, an optimized technology has been developed and it enables the production of thermally toughened glass without disturbing anisotropy.
Neue optische Verfahren zur Sicherstellung einer hervorragenden Funktionalität und Qualität des Architekturglases der Zukunft
Authors: Mercier Bertrand
Published: June 2015

In vielen Technologiegebieten ist Glas ein hoch geschätztes Material für Applikations‐ und Designzwecke. Speziell im Architektursektor ist der Anspruch an Funktionalität und Optik von Glasplatten signifikant gestiegen. Eine gleichmäßige, verzerrungsfreie Transparenz setzt makellose Oberflächen und Strukturen voraus. Homogenität, festgelegte Farbbeschichtung, Ebenheit und exakte Maßhaltigkeit sind weitere entscheidende Qualitätskriterien für Glasplatten. Hier kann eine kontinuierliche 100 %‐Qualitätsinspektion helfen. Der Vortrag gibt einen Überblick über neue, innovative optische Inline‐Inspektionslösungen – besonders in 3D – für optische Verzerrung, Ebenheit, Verzerrung in der Reflexion sowie für die vollautomatische Beschichtungs‐ und Farbprozesskontrolle, um einer Vielfalt von Qualitätsbedürfnissen gerecht zu werden.

New optical inspection solutions and applications to assure best functionality and quality for architectural glass of tomorrow. Glass is a highly valued material in many areas of technology for application and design. Especial in the architectural sector the demand on functionality as well as on the visual appearance of glass sheets has risen significantly. Uniform, distortion‐free transparency requires flawless surfaces and structures. In addition, homogeneity, defined color coating, flatness and dimensional accuracy are critical quality attributes for glass plates. This is where continuous automatic 100 % quality inspection can help. The lecture will give an overview about new innovative inline optical inspection solutions – particular even in 3D – for optical distortion, flatness, reflected distortion as well as the full automatic coating and color process control to account for the variety of quality needs.
Wohnen im Hochhaus
Authors: Lutz Martin
Published: June 2015

Qualitativ hochwertiges Wohnen im Hochhaus in Großstädten ist nicht nur ein neuer Trend, sondern bezogen auf die Gebäudehülle eine neue Entwicklungsaufgabe. 2014 wurden nie dagewesen viele Wohnhochhaus‐Wettbewerbe ausgelobt und zur Weiterplanung entschieden. Dieses Zukunftsthema setzt sich unmittelbar in 2015 fort. Die Wohnhochhaus‐Fassade muss im Vergleich zur Bürofassade völlig andere Anforderungen erfüllen. Der Wohnkomfort und auch der täglich erlebbare visuelle Komfort stehen im Vordergrund. Die Wirtschaftlichkeit von neu zu entwickelnden Fassadenkomfortlösungen hat ebenfalls einen sehr hohen Stellenwert, denn die Bauherren und Investoren von Wohnhochhäusern sind nahezu ausnahmslos Projektentwickler.

High‐rise residential buildings. High quality living in high‐rise buildings in big cities is not just a new trend, but concerning the building envelope a new development task. An unprecedented amount of competitions for residential high‐rise buildings were set up and a considerable amount of corresponding buildings have been built in 2014. This continues unrelentingly in 2015. The residential skyscraper facade must meet completely different requirements compared to office facades. Personal, thermal and visual comfort are paramount. As Clients for these kind of buildings are almost without exception Developers and Investors the cost‐effectiveness of newly developed facade solutions has a very high priority.
:envihab – Deutsches Zentrum für Luft‐ und Raumfahrt e.V., Institut für Luft‐ und Raumfahrtmedizin
Authors: Tückmantel Peter , Schleuchardt Stefan
Published: June 2015

Bei der in Teilen öffentlich zugänglichen, begeh‐ und erfahrbaren medizinischen Großforschungsanlage :envihab wurde in vorbildlicher Weise Glas eingesetzt. Das fein ausgewogene Verhältnis des transparenten Baustoffes zur massiven Hülle stellt einen anregenden Kontrast her. Das Glas erscheint als integraler Bestandteil und im besten Sinne entmaterialisiert, leicht und diaphan wie die Haut einer Zelle. Glas wird, dies ist so einfach wie selbstverständlich, eingesetzt, da es DER transparente Baustoff ist, und kein anderer Stoff so wie dieser Licht transmittiert. Neben der Schutzfunktion muss jedes Gebäude Licht, Luft und sonstige Ver‐ und Entsorgungsdienste etwa über die Haustechnik bereitstellen, für :envihab als Forschungslabor gilt dies im Besonderen.

:envihab – German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine. In the partially publicly available, accessible and tangible large‐scale medical research facility :envihab glass was used in an exemplary manner. The well‐balanced ratio of the transparent building material to the massive shell produces a stimulating contrast. The glass appears as an integral part and dematerialized in the best sense, light and diaphanous like the skin of a cell. As easy as a matter of course glass is used, because it is THE transparent building material. No other material offers as much transparency as glass. In addition to the protective function each building must provide light, air and other supply and disposal services through general building services for instance. This applies in particular to :envihab as a research laboratory.
Glacier Skywalk – Aussichtsbrücke mit Glasboden
Authors: Schmitt Felix , Zimmermann Stefan , Brown Simon
Published: June 2015

Inmitten des Jasper National Parks in den Rocky Mountains von Kanada wurde im Wettlauf mit den Witterungsbedingungen 2013 eine neue Besucherattraktion mit dem Glacier Discovery Walk errichtet. Das Touristenunternehmen Brewster Travel Kanada beauftragte die Errichtung eines neuen Natur‐Erlebniswegs der im Glacier Skywalk endet. Dieser bietet dem Besucher das einmalige Erlebnis auf einem Glasboden in 280 m Höhe über dem Sunwapta Tal die umliegenden Gletscher barrierefrei zu besichtigen. In Rekordzeit wurde die Planung, Fertigung, Transport aus Deutschland und Montage bewältigt. Dabei gab es neue Überlegungen zur Ausführung der Stahlmontage, Glasbodenaufbau und Gestaltung der Brüstungsgläser unter Berücksichtigung von Windkanaluntersuchungen.

Glacier Skywalk – Glass‐floored Observation Platform. At Jasper National Park in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, a stunning new tourist attraction, the Glacier Skywalk, was constructed in 2013 in a race against the Canadian winter. The cliff‐edge walkway, which ends in the Glacier Skywalk is owned and operated by the tourist company Brewster Travel Canada. 280 m above the Sunwapta Valley, the barrier‐free glass‐floored skywalk offers visitors an exhilarating panoramic view on the surrounding mountains, glaciers and into the glacier‐carved valleys. Within a 6 month period, the planning, manufacturing and supply from Germany as well as the installation procedure on site was finalized. During this time, additional considerations regarding the steel installation, glass floor body and the incorporation of the glass wind deflectors had to be taken into account.
OPE of the stress tensors and surface operators
Authors: Huang Xing , Hung Ling-Yan , Lin Feng-Li
Published: June 2015

Abstract

We demonstrate that the divergent terms in the OPE of a stress tensor and a line (co-dimension two) operator of general shape in three dimensional spacetime cannot be constructed only from local geometric data depending only on the shape of the line. We verify this holographically for Wilson line operators or equivalently the twist operator corresponding to computing the entanglement entropy using the Ryu-Takayanagi formula. We discuss possible implications of this result.
Improvement and characterization of a hyperthermophilic glucose isomerase from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus and its application in production of high fructose corn syrup
Authors: Liu Zhi-Qiang , Zheng Wei , Huang Jian-Feng , Jin Li-Qun , Jia Dong-Xu , Zhou Hai-Yan , Xu Jian-Miao , Liao Cheng-Jun , Cheng Xin-Ping , Mao Bao-Xing , Zheng Yu-Guo
Published: June 2015

High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is an alternative of liquid sweetener to sucrose that is isomerized by commercial glucose isomerase (GI). One-step production of 55 % HFCS by thermostable GI has been drawn more and more attentions. In this study, a new hyperthermophilic GI from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus CCSD1 (TEGI) was identified by genome mining, and then a 1317 bp fragment encoding the TEGI was synthesized and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). To improve the activity of TEGI, two amino acid residues, Trp139 and Val186, around the active site and substrate-binding pocket based on the structural analysis and molecular docking were selected for site-directed mutagenesis. The specific activity of mutant TEGI-W139F/V186T was 2.3-fold and the value of k  cat/K  m was 1.86-fold as compared to the wild type TEGI, respectively. Thermostability of mutant TEGI-W139F/V186T at 90 °C for 24 h showed 1.21-fold extension than that of wild type TEGI. During the isomerization of glucose to fructose, the yield of fructose could maintain above 55.4 % by mutant TEGI-W139F/V186T as compared to 53.8 % by wild type TEGI at 90 °C. This study paved foundation for the production of 55 % HFCS using the thermostable TEGI.
Characterization of knee alignment in children with mucopolysaccharidosis types I and II and outcome of treatment with guided growth
Authors: Ashby Elizabeth , Eastwood Deborah
Published: June 2015

Purpose

To describe knee alignment in children of different ages with severe mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) I and II and the outcome of treatment with guided growth in a patient subgroup.

Methods

This is a retrospective observational study of 58 knees in 29 children with severe MPS I and II. Long-leg standing radiographs were evaluated to determine mechanical axis deviation, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle and medial proximal tibial angle at different ages throughout childhood. The change in deformity in individual children over time is reported. 20 knees in 10 patients were treated with guided growth using eight-plates. Radiographic measurements were recorded at the time of plate insertion, at plate removal and at 1 year following removal.

Results

At 8 years of age, all MPS I children and three-quarters of MPS II children had valgus knee alignment. There was deformity progression in two-thirds of MPS I knees and half of MPS II knees. Guided growth corrected the deformities. There was recurrence in most cases 1 year after plate removal.

Conclusions

Knee deformity is common in children with severe MPS I and II. Guided growth can be considered where there is significant and/or or progressive deformity with the aim of halting progression and correcting existing deformity and thus minimizing the risk of gross deformity. Patients should be aware of the high rate of recurrence and the need for repeat surgery.
Polarised and Fractured Us Political Parties and the Challenges of Governing
Authors: Fortier John C.
Published: June 2015

The US has one of the longest traditions of a two-party political system of any nation. Although in recent years there has been a steep rise in the number of people who describe themselves as political independents, the two parties are still dominant, and the prospect of a third party is remote. However, the US party system faces several challenges which have made governing more difficult. The two parties have become much more ideologically polarised. They remain weaker than many European parties in their ability to select their candidates and maintain party discipline among their representatives. The two parties also face strengthened competition in fundraising and campaign spending from outside independent groups. All of these developments have made it more difficult for the parties to secure majorities and pass major legislation.
On full groups of non-ergodic probability-measure-preserving equivalence relations
Authors: LE MAÎTRE FRANÇOIS
Published: June 2015

This article generalizes our previous results [Le Maître. The number of topological generators for full groups of ergodic equivalence relations. Invent. Math. 198 (2014), 261–268] to the non-ergodic case by giving a formula relating the topological rank of the full group of an aperiodic probability-measure-preserving (pmp) equivalence relation to the cost of its ergodic components. Furthermore, we obtain examples of full groups that have a dense free subgroup whose rank is equal to the topological rank of the full group, using a Baire category argument. We then study the automatic continuity property for full groups of aperiodic equivalence relations, and find a connected metric for which they have the automatic continuity property. This allows us to provide an algebraic characterization of aperiodicity for pmp equivalence relations, namely the non-existence of homomorphisms from their full groups into totally disconnected separable groups. A simple proof of the extreme amenability of full groups of hyperfinite pmp equivalence relations is also given, generalizing a result of Giordano and Pestov to the non-ergodic case [Giordano and Pestov. Some extremely amenable groups related to operator algebras and ergodic theory. J. Inst. Math. Jussieu6(2) (2007), 279–315, Theorem 5.7].
Global cross sections for Anosov flows
Authors: SIMIĆ SLOBODAN N.
Published: June 2015

We provide a new criterion for the existence of a global cross section to a volume-preserving Anosov flow. The criterion is expressed in terms of expansion and contraction rates of the flow and generalizes known results of this type.
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Multidrug-ResistantAcinetobacter baumanniiColonization Among High-Risk Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Mody Lona , Gibson Kristen E. , Horcher Amanda , Prenovost Katherine , McNamara Sara E. , Foxman Betsy , Kaye Keith S. , Bradley Suzanne
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVE

To characterize the epidemiology of multidrug-resistant (MDR)Acinetobacter baumanniicolonization in high-risk nursing home (NH) residents.

DESIGN

Nested case-control study within a multicenter prospective intervention trial.

SETTING

Four NHs in Southeast Michigan.

PARTICIPANTS

Case patients and control subjects were NH residents with an indwelling device (urinary catheter and/or feeding tube) selected from the control arm of the Targeted Infection Prevention study. Cases were residents colonized with MDR (resistant to ≥3 classes of antibiotics)A. baumannii; controls were never colonized with MDRA. baumannii.

METHODS

For active surveillance cultures, specimens from the nares, oropharynx, groin, perianal area, wounds, and device insertion site(s) were collected upon study enrollment, day 14, and monthly thereafter.A. baumanniistrains and their susceptibilities were identified using standard microbiologic methods.

RESULTS

Of 168 NH residents, 25 (15%) were colonized with MDRA. baumannii. Compared with the 143 controls, cases were more functionally disabled (Physical Self-Maintenance Score >24; odds ratio, 5.1 [95% CI, 1.8–14.9];P<.004), colonized withProteus mirabilis(5.8 [1.9–17.9];P<.003), and diabetic (3.4 [1.2–9.9];P<.03). Most cases (22 [88%]) were colonized with multiple antibiotic-resistant organisms and 16 (64%) exhibited co-colonization with at least one other resistant gram-negative bacteria.

CONCLUSION

Functional disability,P. mirabiliscolonization, and diabetes mellitus are important risk factors for colonization with MDRA. baumanniiin high-risk NH residents.A. baumanniiexhibits widespread antibiotic resistance and a preference to colonize with other antibiotic-resistant organisms, meriting enhanced attention and improved infection control practices in these residents.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;36(10):1155–1162
Assessment in the Digital Age: An Overview of Online Tools and Considerations for School Psychologists and School Counsellors
Authors: Jellins Laura
Published: June 2015

With recent developments in technology, online tests and digital tools offer school psychologists and school counsellors alternate modes of assessment. These new technologies have the potential to increase accessibility to tests (through greater portability), allow school psychologists and school counsellors to service more students (through greater efficiency), enable practitioners to provide more comprehensive assessments, and build professional capacity. This article will outline some examples of online tools and their benefits for time-poor school psychologists and school counsellors as well as identify ethical implications to be considered when adopting new technologies.
Electoral Systems, Ethnic Heterogeneity and Party System Fragmentation
Authors: Lublin David
Published: June 2015

Taking into proper account the geographic distribution of ethnic groups and the operation of electoral systems within individual countries reveals that the impact of ethnic diversity and electoral systems on the number of parties has been underestimated. Contrary to earlier findings, this study reveals that ethnic diversity spurs party proliferation in countries with both majoritarian and proportional electoral systems, though the effect is stronger in the latter. The insights gained here provide a theoretically derived measure of ethnic diversity that is useful for estimating its effect on specifically political phenomena and generating an improved holistic measure of the impact of electoral systems. More crucially, the results indicate that electoral system designers have a greater capacity to structure electoral outcomes. The results rely on multivariate models created using a new database with election results from 1990 through 2011 in sixty-five free democracies.
Facies associations in warm-temperate siliciclastic deposits: insights from early Pleistocene eastern Mediterranean (Rhodes, Greece)
Authors: MOISSETTE PIERRE , KOSKERIDOU EFTERPI , DRINIA HARA , CORNÉE JEAN-JACQUES
Published: June 2015

Diverse, abundant and usually well-preserved communities of skeletal organisms occur in the lower Pleistocene (Gelasian) siliciclastic deposits of the Greek island of Rhodes. Benthic foraminifers, molluscs and bryozoans have been studied in four measured and sampled sections located in the northern part of the island. Among these bottom-dwelling organisms, numerous extant taxa are good environmental indicators and, combined with field observations and sedimentological data, they provide information on the probable conditions in which they developed. The siliciclastic deposits of the Kritika Formation have been divided into 14 different bio- and lithofacies, which have been further grouped into four facies associations corresponding to four different environmental settings: (1) continental to fluviatile; (2) brackish-water (lagoonal/deltaic); (3) infralittoral (0–20 m); and (4) upper circalittoral (depths of 20–40 m, but also down toc.50–60 m). Among the marine facies associations, several characteristic biocoenoses have been recognized: soft-bottoms (fine to coarse sands and gravels); seagrass meadows; biogenic calcareous crusts on drowned beachrock slabs; red algal rhodoliths; and bivalve shell beds. In the studied sections, 13 superimposed genetic sequences have been documented. The repetition of similar facies associations within each sequence suggests: (1) a possibly eustasy-controlled, cyclic sedimentation; (2) a general subsidence of Rhodes during the deposition of the studied facies associations; and (3) a mostly constant range of environmental conditions (i.e. sedimentation rates and temperature) throughout the Gelasian.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of chronic rhinosinusitis and potential therapeutic strategies: review on cytokines, nuclear factor kappa B and transforming growth factor beta
Authors: Phan N T , Cabot P J , Wallwork B D , Cervin A U , Panizza B J
Published: June 2015

Background:

Chronic rhinosinusitis is characterised by persistent inflammation of the sinonasal mucosa. Multiple pathophysiological mechanisms are likely to exist. Previous research has focused predominantly on T-helper type cytokines to highlight the inflammatory mechanisms. However, proteins such as nuclear factor kappa B and transforming growth factor beta are increasingly recognised to have important roles in sinonasal inflammation and tissue remodelling.

Objective:

This review article explores the roles of T-helper type cytokines, nuclear factor kappa B and transforming growth factor beta in the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic rhinosinusitis. An understanding of these mechanisms will allow for better identification and classification of chronic rhinosinusitis endotypes, and, ultimately, improved therapeutic strategies.
Building systemic capacity for nutrition: training towards a professionalised workforce for Africa
Authors: Ellahi Basma , Annan Reginald , Sarkar Swrajit , Amuna Paul , Jackson Alan A.
Published: June 2015

The fundamental role played by good nutrition in enabling personal, social and economic development is now widely recognised as presenting a fundamental global challenge that has to be addressed if major national and international problems are to be resolved in the coming decades. The recent focus provided by the Millennium Development Goals and the Scaling-Up-Nutrition (SUN) movement has been towards reducing the extent of nutrition-related malnutrition in high-burden countries. This has served to emphasise that there is a problem of inadequate professional capacity in nutrition that is sufficiently widespread to severely limit all attempts at the effective delivery and sustainability of nutrition-related and nutrition-enabling interventions that have impact at scale. Many high-burden countries are in sub-Saharan Africa where there is a high dependency on external technical support to address nutrition-related problems. We have sought to explore the nature and magnitude of the capacity needs with a particular focus on achieving levels of competency within standardised professional pre-service training which is fit-for-purpose to meet the objectives within the SUN movement in Africa. We review our experience of engaging with stakeholders through workshops, a gap analysis of the extent of the problem to be addressed, and a review of current efforts in Africa to move the agenda forward. We conclude that there are high aspirations but severely limited human resource and capacity for training that is fit-for-purpose at all skill levels in nutrition-related subjects in Africa. There are no structured or collaborative plans within professional groups to address the wide gap between what is currently available, the ongoing needs and the future expectations for meeting local technical and professional capability. Programmatic initiatives encouraged by agencies and other external players, will need to be matched by improved local capabilities to address the serious efforts required to meet the needs for sustained improvements related to SUN in high-burden countries. Importantly, there are pockets of effort which need to be encouraged within a context in which experience can be shared and mutual support provided.
Influence of DAT1 and COMT variants on neural activation during response inhibition in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and healthy controls
Authors: van Rooij D. , Hoekstra P. J. , Bralten J. , Hakobjan M. , Oosterlaan J. , Franke B. , Rommelse N. , Buitelaar J. K. , Hartman C. A.
Published: June 2015

Background.

Impairment of response inhibition has been implicated in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Dopamine neurotransmission has been linked to the behavioural and neural correlates of response inhibition. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship of polymorphisms in two dopamine-related genes, the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT) and the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3 or DAT1), with the neural and behavioural correlates of response inhibition.

Method.

Behavioural and neural measures of response inhibition were obtained in 185 adolescents with ADHD, 111 of their unaffected siblings and 124 healthy controls (mean age 16.9 years). We investigated the association of DAT1 and COMT variants on task performance and whole-brain neural activation during response inhibition in a hypothesis-free manner. Additionally, we attempted to explain variance in previously found ADHD effects on neural activation during response inhibition using these DAT1 and COMT polymorphisms.

Results.

The whole-brain analyses demonstrated large-scale neural activation changes in the medial and lateral prefrontal, subcortical and parietal regions of the response inhibition network in relation to DAT1 and COMT polymorphisms. Although these neural activation changes were associated with different task performance measures, no relationship was found between DAT1 or COMT variants and ADHD, nor did variants in these genes explain variance in the effects of ADHD on neural activation.

Conclusions.

These results suggest that dopamine-related genes play a role in the neurobiology of response inhibition. The limited associations between gene polymorphisms and task performance further indicate the added value of neural measures in linking genetic factors and behavioural measures.
Controls on diel soil CO2 flux across moisture gradients in a polar desert
Authors: Ball Becky A. , Virginia Ross A.
Published: June 2015

The McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica are a climate-sensitive ecosystem, where future projected climate warming will increase liquid water availability to release soil biology from physical limitations and alter ecosystem processes. For example, many studies have shown that CO2 flux, an important aspect of the carbon cycle, is controlled by temperature and moisture, which often overwhelm biotic contributions in desert ecosystems. However, these studies used either single-point measurements during peak times of biological activity or diel cycles at individual locations. Here, we present diel cycles of CO2 flux from a range of soil moisture conditions and a variety of locations and habitats to determine how diel cycles of CO2 flux vary across gradients of wet-to-dry soil and whether the water source influences the diel cycle of moist soil. Soil temperature, water content and microbial biomass significantly influenced CO2 flux. Soil temperature explained most of the variation. Soil CO2 flux moderately increased with microbial biomass, demonstrating a sometimes small but significant role of biological fluxes. Our results show that over gradients of soil moisture, both geochemical and biological fluxes contribute to soil CO2 flux, and physical factors must be considered when estimating biological CO2 flux in systems with low microbial biomass.