bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil Sensitivity Index as an Indicator for Climate-Smart Urban ForestrySoil Sensitivity Index as an Indicator for Climate-Smart Urban Forestry
Authors: Kašanin-Grubin Milica , Antić Nevena , Stojadinović Sanja , Živanović Nikola , Rončević Vukašin , Štrbac Snežana
Published: December 2024

Concept of climate-smart forestry, designed for mountain forests, was modified and applied to urban forest areas which are under high anthropogenic and climate change pressures. Accordingly, main objective of the UrbanFoS project is to define soil degradation indicators in urban forests under the umbrella of climate-smart forestry concept. It will be done through three steps: 1. determination of key sensitive properties of soil to degradation processes; 2. field and laboratory climate simulations; 3. definition of ecosystem services of urban forests. As the indicators that define the susceptibility of soil to degradation processes are of key importance for urban forest sustainability, the knowledge gained will be used to develop soil degradation index applicable to urban forest soils under climate change conditions.
Análise da degradação de terras na bacia hidrográfica do rio Lifidzi no Planalto de Angónia, província de Tete – Moçambique
Authors: Mandala Sabil Damião , Simão Isidro Alexandre , Macamo Laurinda Milagre , Caetano Ali José Santos , Uiliamo Eza Bento , Massuanganhe Edna Aminosse
Published: December 2024

Land degradation is one of the biggest global environmental problems facing humanity today. Human activities that cause land degradation include: tree felling, burning, inadequate agricultural practices, among others. The research aimed to develop a land degradation and risk map, on a scale of 1: 250,000, of the Lifidzi River basin, using geoprocessing in QGIS and ARGIS, with a weighted analysis of the parameters of the natural and cultural environment, seeking to measure the occurrence of land degradation in the study area. The choice of this river basin was due to its pedological and climatic peculiarities, high population density and scarcity of studies of this nature in this district. As a result, it was possible to carry out a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the anthropogenic influence on land degradation in the basin.
The levadas and their implications for the dynamics of the slopes in the north of Portugal
Authors: Vieira Antonio , Silva Renato Emanuel , Costa Francisco da Silva , Rodrigues Silvio Carlos
Published: December 2024

Hydraulic works are commonly investigated in terms of efficiency and installation and operating costs. However, it is also important to assess their impact on environmental aspects, especially their repercussions on river and slope systems. The aim of this study is to present an example of works that have been responsible for hydraulic, sedimentary, erosive and depositional changes in a stretch of a river channel in northern Portugal. Documentary analysis and field activities were carried out to identify the main changes suffered in the Levada do Piscaredo area. The research revealed that the ancient occupation represented by the levada generated significant changes, especially in the slopes, which underwent alterations both in their shape and in the erosive and depositional processes.
Trend Research in Communication Management: Introducing an Interdisciplinary Approach Based on Futures Research Methodology
Authors: Zerfass Ansgar
Published: December 2024

Dynamic changes in organizations and their environments offer multiple opportunities for communication
leaders if they are able to anticipate where their professional advice and services might be
needed. Gaining such insights early on is by no means easy. Known trend studies tend to uncover what
is already known in the field, while academic research is mainly concerned with deepening knowledge
on current and past practices. This article shows how this gap can be closed by introducing a novel
ap¬proach to identify trends in communication management. The proposed methodological approach
combines a systematic analysis of developments in society, management, and technology with the assessments
of researchers from different disciplines and communication leaders. The approach has been
applied in four consecutive trend research projects to date. It contributes to the body of knowledge in
communication management and corporate communications and allows scholars and practitioners to
take a fresh look at potential concepts and topics for knowledge transfer and continuous education.
Neither yield nor phenology scale from single row to whole plot in chickpea and lentil
Authors: Lake Lachlan , Gimenez R. , Martinez R. Ortega , Weller James , Javid M. , Butler J. B. , James L. E. , Dreccer M. , French R. , Cossanni C.M. , Hayes J.E. , Sadras Victor
Published: December 2024

Reliable phenotyping is critical for crop improvement. Some traits such
as herbicide tolerance are more likely to scale from plant to crop than
others such as yield. Here we compared phenology, yield and its
components in two arrangements - single rows and whole plots - for 10
chickpea and 10 lentil cultivars in 11 (chickpea) and 10 (lentil)
Australian environments resulting from the combination of location,
season, and sowing date. The cultivars were characterised for key
genetic loci for phenology: Elf3a, GI and the FT
gene cluster in chickpea, and GWAS-chr2 and the FTb gene
cluster in lentil. Across environments, yield of chickpea ranged from 33
to 268 g per lineal m (g m -1) in single rows and 5 to
77 g m -1 in whole plots, and yield of lentil ranged
from 20 to 174 g m -1 in single rows and 9 to 104 g m
-1 in whole plots. Across environments and genotypes,
time to flowering was later in 207 of 275 chickpea whole plots compared
to single rows and in 175 out of 234 lentil whole plots compared with
single rows. In both chickpea and lentil, flowering and podding varied
with the interaction between genotype, arrangement, and environment,
resulting in altered genotypic rankings between single row and whole
plot within and between environments. Yield components were variably
affected by the three-way interaction; biomass was the only trait
showing no interaction in either crop. Broad sense heritability of seed
size fell from 0.60 in whole plots to 0.37 in single rows for chickpea,
and from 0.87 to 0.62 in lentil. Traits showed variable and sometimes
contrary correlations with yield depending on crop arrangement. In
chickpea, early flowering and the early allele ELF3a were
associated with harvest index and yield in whole plots. In lentil, the
early allele of FTb was negatively associated with time to
flowering and podding in whole plots and with the phenological
differences between arrangements. Chickpea and lentil genotypes that
were more responsive to crop arrangement were lower yielding in whole
plots. We highlight the need to understand scaling for agronomically
important traits to avoid wasteful or counterproductive phenotyping and
breeding efforts.
Exploring Alternate Teaching Models: Understanding Space away from the Design Studio
Authors: Ahmed Suneela , Pasha Yasira , Arsalan Rahat
Published: December 2024

There are many researches that explore alternate tools for studio teaching in Architecture, ranging from hands-on material explorations, working on live sites, reliance on digital technologies, and inquiry by design, to introduction of an angle of advocacy and engagement with the community. The purpose of this research is to introduce the concept of scale and space to B. Arch students away from physical presence in a studio. The research question explored is, can an online studio teaching method inculcate in the students’ similar learnings as a physical studio if multi-disciplinary methods become part of the teaching tools and methodology?, The research looked into the notion of space and how it can be understood away from the studio space and what methods of teaching should be used. The methods and measures used to develop this understanding went beyond the conventional methods of a typical design studio, and relied on multi-disciplinary and alternate methods for getting access to research information. These included online tutorials, documentaries, online discussions and feedback, online interviews, home-based workshops and self-learning exercises. The research procedure focused around two architectural design studios at different public sector universities in Karachi in 2020. Eighty-two students from both universities answered quantitative research questions and qualitative interviews were conducted of three faculty members from each university who were part of these studios. The students of both the universities were part of the sample. All students included were in their final year of study. Similarly all faculty members teaching them were interviewed.  The findings point towards the importance and outcomes of using multi-disciplinary methodology, with heavy reliance on alternative pedagogical methods, and how this methodology led to inculcating an understanding of scale and led towards development of the thesis projects.
Identifying the Causes of Learning Difficulties in Mathematics among Primary School Students
Authors: Nazish Anila , Kang Dr Muhammad Akhtar
Published: December 2024

A variety of factors are associated with the learning difficulty in mathematics in the context of Pakistani schools. This study explored the different causes of learning difficulties in mathematics faced by primary school students in Karachi, Pakistan. Using a quantitative research design, the data was gathered from the parents and teachers of primary-going students in Karachi. The data was gathered using an adapted questionnaire having demographic and construct sections. The constructs were adopted by reviewing the literature. The findings of the study reveal a significant effect of Mathematics Efficacy, Grade Anxiety, Future Factors and Confidence level of students on their mathematic performance in classrooms. The study recommends that teachers serving to teach mathematics to primary school students consider the explored factors while preparing the lesson plans. This study contributes into the existing literature in terms of the impotence of increasing teachers’ awareness regarding the preparation of lesson plans having the source of fun and enjoyment in the classroom, as enjoyable mathematics learning increases the motivation of students to keep their future enjoyment in the mathematics tasks.
Ethnography: A Method of Research and A Genera of Writing for Informing, Reforming and Transforming Lives
Authors: Qutoshi Sadruddin Bahadur
Published: December 2024

Ethnography is one of the richest research approaches within the qualitative research paradigm for studying the cultural life worlds of others and/or oneself at a deeper level of consciousness. Additionally, it is a genre of writing that uses multi-epistemic lenses to go deeper into the phenomenon in order to inform, reform, and transform lives. The term ‘ethno’(graphy) is a compound word made up of the words ethno and graphy, which stand for culture and writing, respectively. In order to conduct ethnographic research, a researcher must possess a thorough understanding of a specific cultural context, be able to communicate in the language used by the informants, and be able to bracket one’s biases, while understanding how to "recover meaning" from their complex lifeworld. In doing so, it gives the researcher—the ethnographer in the role of an outsider the chance to chronicle the ‘noodle moments’ of the insiders as informants, within their cultural context, by witnessing their way of life and recording what truly takes place there. To this purpose, through their involvement over an extended length of time, ethnographers must generate detailed accounts of the discussions, observations of the events, symbols, artifacts, festivals, and everyday activities of the researched, among other things. Through critically analyzing behaviors, it offers a window into the meaning that people attribute to their cultural sensibility and a source of insights to inform, reform, and transform communities. Thus, it is a more comprehensive way of examining through the perspective of an insider, which sets it apart from other inquiry techniques.
A new tibial insert design with ball-in-socket medial conformity and posterior cruciate ligament retention has low tibial baseplate migration after unrestricted kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty: a cohort study using radiostereometric analysis
Authors: Niesen Abigail E , Tirumalai Pranav A , Howell Stephen M , Hull Maury L
Published: December 2024

Background and purpose: In total knee arthroplasty (TKA), an insert with ball-in-socket (BS) medial conformity (MC) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) retention restores kinematics closer to native than an insert with intermediate (I) MC. However, high medial conformity might compromise baseplate stability as indicated by maximum total point motion (MTPM). Using the BS MC insert with PCL retention, we aimed to determine whether (i) the baseplate is stable as indicated by mean MTPM < 0.5 mm, (ii) baseplate stability is not strongly correlated to varus baseplate alignment, and (iii) baseplate stability, clinical outcome scores, and flexion are comparable with that of an I MC insert cohort which has demonstrated high stability, clinical outcome scores, and flexion.Methods: Unrestricted kinematic alignment (unKA) TKA was performed on a cohort of 35 patients using a cemented baseplate. Biplanar radiographs acquired at timepoints up to 12 months were processed with model-based radiostereometric analysis (RSA) software to determine MTPM.Results: At 1 year, mean MTPM of 0.35 mm was significantly below 0.5 mm (P < 0.001). MTPM was not strongly correlated to varus baseplate alignment up to 9° (r = 0.12, 95% confidence interval –0.22 to 0.44). Equivalence analyses revealed that MTPM, Forgotten Joint Score, Oxford Knee Score, and maximum flexion for the sBS MC insert were comparable with the I MC insert.Conclusion: Using the new BS MC insert with PCL retention, the tibial baseplate was stable at the group level at 1 year. Baseplate stability was not strongly related to varus baseplate and limb alignment. Comparable patient-reported outcome scores and maximum flexion/extension at 1 year were shown between the 2 insert designs.
Immunotherapeutic Efficacy of Dietary Black Cumin Seed Synergistic Action of Curcumin Experimental Eimeria Tenella Infections in Chicks
Authors: HF Daiar , FA Deyab , NM Laji
Published: December 2024

Coccidiosis is a major health and economic problem in the poultry industry. This work was planned to study the effect of
Nigella sativa grinded seeds and Curcumin on experimental infection of chicks with Eimeria tenella. Chicks were divided
into six groups; G (1) received N. sativa 500 part million (ppm), and curcumin 500 ppm, G (2) received N. sativa 1000 ppm,
G (3) received Curcumin 1000 ppm, G (4) received anticoccidial drug (diclazuril), G (5) received no herbs or drugs as a
control infected and G (6)10 normal non-infected control. All chicks were infected at 28 days old with 20,000 sporulated
Eimeria tenella oocysts. Daily counting of oocysts was done for eight days post infection (p. i.). Chicks were weighed during
the six weeks of the experiment. Blood was collected at 30 and 42 days for total WBCs count and total protein determination.
Caeca from chicks were collected and preserved in 10% formalin to see gross pathological changes and (6µm) sections for
histopathological examination. The results of this work showed that group (1) had a higher body weight gain from 14 to 21
d of age. Also, it had total WBCs count as normal healthy birds (32,250± 3,218 /µl) and a total serum protein (5.5 ± 1.2 g/
dl). However, after experimental infection with Eimeria tenella, group (2) had higher body weight (1767.2 ± 64.1g). Also,
total WBC count as normal healthy birds (57,750 ± 5,687/ µl), a total serum protein (5.1 ± 1.15 g/dl) and the lowest oocyst
count. Histopathological examination during the recovery phase in Nigella ration showed mild infection of schizonts and
inflammation of all layers of intestinal wall with crypt abscess composed of Eimeria schizonts and chronic inflammatory cells
and parasitic granuloma composed of chronic inflammatory cells and fibrosis. These results are statistically significant. Thus,
it can be concluded that Nigella sativa and curcumin have significant anticoccidial activity comparable to/ or better than
Diclazoril.
COALIZAÇÃO DE DEFESA NO PARQUE AMBIENTAL MUNICIPAL GUNNAR VINGREN EM BELÉM - PARÁ COMO FORMA DE EVITAR SUA EXTINÇÃO
Authors: Picanço Hugo Sanches da Silva , Jares Martha , Vasconcelos Tatiane Rodrigues de
Published: December 2024

Este artigo examina as estratégias adotadas pelos envolvidos na revitalização do Parque Ambiental Municipal Gunnar Vingren, no Pará, com o intuito de identificar abordagens específicas e as janelas de oportunidades ao longo do tempo. O estudo tem três objetivos principais: primeiro, identificar os obstáculos na implantação de políticas de preservação de áreas verdes na região metropolitana de Belém; segundo, analisar o papel dos stakeholders, destacando a Associação de Moradores do Conjunto Médici I e II e a equipe técnica da Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente e do Governo do Estado do Pará; terceiro, comparar modelos de gestão participativa e burocrática aplicados ao parque através de revisão bibliográfica, identificando suas características e diferenças em períodos distintos, principalmente em um momento da COP-30. O estudo utiliza uma abordagem qualitativa, combinando revisão de literatura com análise documental, para investigar os desafios enfrentados e as oportunidades na implementação de políticas voltadas à preservação de áreas verdes urbanas. Como estudo de caso, o Parque Ambiental Municipal Gunnar Vingren oferece uma perspectiva prática sobre a eficácia de diferentes modelos de gestão em parques ecológicos urbanos. A pesquisa visa ampliar a compreensão sobre a eficácia dessas políticas e modelos, fornecendo insights valiosos para gestores e comunidades envolvidas na preservação ambiental urbana. Ao analisar as dinâmicas entre os diversos atores e suas estratégias, o artigo contribui para o debate sobre gestão sustentável de espaços verdes, destacando a importância de modelos participativos em contraste com abordagens mais burocráticas. Dessa forma, oferece subsídios teóricos e práticos para aprimorar políticas públicas de meio ambiente e gestão de áreas verdes em contextos urbanos.
Effect of Inulin Fortified Diet on the Growth, Carcass Composition, Haematological Responses, Intestinal Microbiota and Histological Alterations of GIFT
Authors: Joshna M. , Manimaran H.
Published: December 2024

The experiment was conducted in the year 2021 at wet laboratory, Advanced Research Farm Facility, Dr. M.G.R. Fisheries College and Research Institute, TNJFU, Madhavaram, Tamil Nadu, India to investigate the effect of inulin on the growth performance, haematology, carcass composition, intestinal microbiota and histology alterations of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT). Four experimental diets were designed to incorporated inulin at 0 (basal diet), 0.5 g kg-1, 1.0 g kg-1 and 1.5 g kg-1. Fish with an initial mean weight of 0.85±0.02 g were allotted 12 tanks of 50 L capacity at a density of 20 fish per tank and fed with 5% of their body weight, two times a day. At the end of the experiment, the growth performance, feed utilization and haematology parameters were improved in fish fed with inulin at 1.5 g kg-1 of diet compared to control and other dietary treatments. A diet with 1.5 g kg-1 of inulin improved the total bacteria and lactic acid bacteria in the intestine of GIFT. The addition of inulin altered the intestine and liver histology. In the intestine, villi are short and dilated in fish fed with inulin on the 60th day, whereas hepatocytes and sinusoids showed vacuolation and congestion in the liver in fish fed with inulin on the 30th and 60th day. No histological change was observed in the gill. Substantially dietary inulin at 1.5 g kg-1 had beneficial effects on the growth performance, haematology and intestinal microbiota of GIFT.
Genetic Variability in Distinct Genotypes of Forage Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) for Forage Yield and Forage Yield Attributing Traits
Authors: Sharma Ritu , Viradiya Y. A. , Donga A. R. , Parsaniya T. A. , Beniwal Jogender , Jivan Patel Parth
Published: December 2024

The experiment was conducted during kharif (July–October, 2023) at Centre for Forage Research, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat, India to study to appraise genetic variability in pearl millet genotypes for fodder yield and associating traits. Thirty forage pearl millet genotypes were evaluated for genetic parameters in terms of days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of tiller plant-1, stem thickness (cm), number of leaf plant-1, leaf length (cm), leaf: stem ratio, dry fodder content (%), dry fodder yield plant-1 (g), crude protein content (%), green forage yield plant-1 (g). Range, mean, phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), heritability, and genetic advance as per cent of mean were studied. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation for all the traits indicating slight dominance of environment in the expression as compared to genetic contribution. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation were high for green forage yield plant-1, dry fodder yield plant-1, plant height, and number of tiller plant-1. The high heritability with high genetic advance as a per cent of mean has been observed for green forage yield plant-1, crude protein content, dry fodder yield plant-1, leaf: stem ratio, leaf width, number of leaves plant-1, plant height, number of tiller plant-1, and stem thickness. This indicated that there is a lesser influence of environment in the expression of these traits and are predominantly governed by additive genes in their inheritance and selection for these traits will be effective for improvement of both forage yield and quality.
KEEFEKTIFAN SERBUK DAUN SERAI (Cymbopogon citratus) DAN PANDAN WANGI (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) TERHADAP MORTALITAS Callosobruchus chinensis L. PADA KACANG HIJAU
Authors: Pramono Sudi , Wibowo Lestari , Solikhin Solikhin , Jesica Dispy
Published: December 2024

Kumbang kacang hijau (Callosobrucuhus chinensis L.) adalah hama penting pada biji kacang hijau yang berada di penyimpanan. Hama ini dapat menimbulkan penurunan secara kualitas dan kuantitas. Hama tersebut perlu dilakukan pengendalian agar tidak menimbulkan kerugian. Salah satu cara pengendaliannya yaitu menggunakan pestisida nabati, di antaranya serbuk daun serai (C. citratus), dan serbuk daun pandan (P.amaryllifolius). Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh daun serai (Cymbopogon citratus) dan pandan wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) terhadap mortalotas hama C. chinensis  pada kacang hijau. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 8 perlakuan antaranya kontrol, serbuk daun serai 3, 6 , dan 9 g, serbuk daun pandan wangi 3 , 6 , dan 9 g/standing pouch. Data dianalisis sidik ragam pada taraf nyata 5% dan dilanjutkan dengan analisis uji lanjutan DMRT. Serbuk daun serai pada dosis 9 g paling efektif menyebabkan mortalitas kumbang kacang hijau sebesar 38% dan menurunkan susut bobot terendah kacang hijau sebesar 0.50%.
ANALISIS PEMBENTUK PERINGKAT OBLIGASI PADA PERUSAHAAN NON KEUANGAN
Authors: Karolina Sagala Tridayanti Rafni
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor-faktor yang terdiri dari profitabilitas, likuiditas, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap peringkat obligasi pada perusahaan non keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2015-2019. Sampel dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, sehingga diperoleh sebanyak 17 sampel. Metode analisis yang digunakan ialah analisis regresi data panel dengan software Eviews for Windows Versi 10. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder yang terdiri dari laporan keuangan tahunan dan peringkat obligasi tahun 2015-2019. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peringkat obligasi. Sedangkan likuiditas dan ukuran perusahaan secara parsial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peringkat obligasi. Secara simultan, profitabilitas, likuiditas, dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peringkat obligasi.
Kata Kunci: Peringkat Obligasi, Profitabilitas, Likuiditas, Ukuran Perusahaan
DETERMINAN PENGGUNAAN LAYANAN PINJAMAN PEER-TO-PEER PADA GENERASI Z: STUDI EMPIRIS TENTANG PERAN LITERASI KEUANGAN, PERSEPSI KEMUDAHAN, PERSEPSI RISIKO, DAN FEAR OF MISSING OUT
Authors: Suitra Kalista Manna , Suripto  , K Bagus Wardianto
Published: December 2024

Studi ini mengkaji dampak literasi keuangan, persepsi kemudahan penggunaan, persepsi risiko, dan fear of missing out (FoMO) terhadap adopsi platform pinjaman peer-to-peer di kalangan Generasi Z di Bandar Lampung. Menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, data diperoleh melalui survei daring yang disebarkan via media sosial, dengan sampel terdiri dari 100 responden Generasi Z di Bandar Lampung. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan SPSS. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa literasi keuangan, persepsi kemudahan, dan FoMO memiliki arah hubungan positif yang signifikan terhadap penggunaan platform pinjaman peer-to-peer. Sebaliknya, persepsi risiko menunjukkan arah hubungan negatif yang signifikan. Hasil ini memberikan wawasan berharga tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi adopsi teknologi keuangan di kalangan generasi muda, dengan implikasi potensial bagi pengembangan dan pemasaran layanan keuangan digital
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN BANK SAMPAH EMAK.ID DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Indra Permana Rifki , Hartono  , Fenny Saptiani
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui alternatif strategi pengembangan usaha pada jasa pengelolaan sampah Bank Sampah Emak.ID dengan menganalisis lingkungan internal dan lingkungan eksternal. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan pengambilan data melalui observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara mendalam. Data diambil dengan menggunakan teknik snowball sampling. Kemudian data yang diperoleh diolah dan dianalisis dengan bantuan matriks evaluasi faktor internal (IFE), evaluasi faktor eksternal (EFE), dan matriks SWOT. Hasil dalam penelitian ini yaitu bahwa jasa pengelolaan sampah Bank Sampah Emak.ID berada pada kuadran I yaitu strategi SO atau strategi pertumbuhan yang agresif. Pada posisi ini artinya perusahaan pada posisi yang sangat menguntungkan yang dimana perusahaan memiliki kekuatan internal untuk memanfaatkan dan merebut peluang yang sebesar-besarnya.
Terveyskasvatuskampanjoiden vaikuttavuus lähtökohtana McGuiren informaatioprosessimalli
Authors: Salminen Merja , Airaksinen Marja
Published: December 2024

Pääasiassa joukkotiedotukseen tukeutuvat terveyskasvatuskampanjat ovat suosittu tapa pyrkiä muuttamaan väestön terveyskäyttäytymistä. Kampanjoiden vaikuttavuuden arviointimenetelmiä on kehitetty 1960-luvulta lähtien. Vaikuttavuuteen yhteydessä olevia tekijöitä ei kuitenkaan tunneta riittävästi, jotta niitä pystyttäisiin tehokkaasti kontrolloimaan. Tämän katsauksen tavoitteena on tarkastella tunnettuja tekijöitä kampanjasuunnittelun näkökulmasta. Lähtökohtana tarkastelulle on McGuiren informaatioprosessimalli. Mallin mukaan asenteiden ja käyttäytymisen muuttaminen on monivaiheinen, hierarkinen prosessi, jossa pelkkä tiedon jakaminen ei välttämättä muuta terveyskäyttäytymistä. Kampanjoiden onnistumiseen vaikuttavista tekijöistä tarkastellaan kampanjan suunnittelua ja formatiivista arviointia, joukkoviestintää ja yhteiskunnallisia tekijöitä sekä viestintätilanteen osatekijöitä.
Potilas ja hänen haamunsa
Authors: Nokso-Koivisto Pekka , Laato Antti
Published: December 2024

Artikkelissa käsitellään SvB-lausunnon semioottisia ongelmia siitä näkökulmasta käsin, miten potilaan realismi välittyy lausunnon lukijalle. Semiotiikan avulla voidaan selventää, miten tieteelliset lähestymiskulmat, "common sense" -argumentit ja tavallinen inhimillinen ajattelu vaikuttavat lääkärin tapaan kirjoittaa SvB-lausunto. Semiotiikka ei siis ole vaihtoehto lääketieteellisille, sosiaalisille, retorisille tai millekään muulle tieteelliselle lähestymiskulmalle, vaan näitä täydentävä. Artikkelin kirjoittajien mielestä tulee tehdä selkeä ero potilaan realismin ja hänen SvB-lausunnossa esitetyn kuvauksensa välillä. Potilaan realismia ei voida koskaan välittää kokonaisuudessaan SvB-lausunnossa. Potilas on mukana lääketieteellisissä prosesseissa ja arvioinneissa, ja SvB sisältää vain yhden mahdollisen kuvauksen hänestä. Tämä kuvaus voi ontologisessa mielessä olla kaukana potilaan todellisuudesta. Koska eri asiantuntijalääkärit ovat arvioineet potilaan realismia ja kirjoittaneet hänestä lausuntoja, vaikuttavat ne puolestaan potilaan omaan tapaan hahmottaa sairautensa tai vammansa. Näitä tietoja potilas hyödyntää uusissa yhteydenotoissa lääkäreihin. Tämän vuoksi SvB-lausunto tulisi kirjoittaa siten, että tehdään selkeä ero lääkärin havaintojen, lääketieteellisten faktojen, lääkärien omien päätelmien ja potilaan oman kertoman välillä. Näin SvB-lausunnon lukijan on helpompi lähestyä potilaan realismia SvB-lausunnossa esiintyvän haamun takaa.
Aikuisväestön hammashoidollisen terveyskäyttäytymisen kehitys 1970-luvulla
Authors: Murtomaa Heikki , Ainamo Jukka
Published: December 2024

Tutkimuksessa on selvitetty suomalaisen aikuisväestön hammashoitoista terveyskäyttäytymistä vuosina 1970–1972 ja 1977 kerättyjen surveyaineistojen avulla. Tuloksia tarkastellaan hampaallisten osalta. Oman käsityksensä mukaan vailla ienongelmia olevien henkilöiden osuus ei tutkimusaikana muuttunut, kuten ei myöskään irrotettavien proteesien yleisyys. Päivittäinen hampaiden harjaamistiheys kasvoi naisten, nuorten ja maaseudulla asuvien keskuudessa. Hammastahnan käyttö oli yleistä, mutta hammasvälin puhdistaminen edelleenkin vierasta. Makeisten ja purukumin syöntinsä vastaajat arvioivat yleensö satunnaiseksi.
Metallityöväen liiton kuntoloman jälkiseuranta
Authors: Härkäpää Kristiina , Järvikoski Aila
Published: December 2024

Metallityöväen liitto on järjestänyt jäsenilleen ns. kuntolomia vuodesta 1977. Pääpaino tässä 10-päiväisessä kuntolomajaksossa on ollut tuki- ja liikuntaelinten vaivojen hoidossa. Vuonna 1979 osallistui 175 kuntolomalaista lomakekyselyyn suoritettuun jälkiseurantatutkimukseen, jossa selviteltiin kuntoloman vaikutuksia tuki- ja liikuntaelinten vaivoihin, yleiseen terveydentilaan ja työkykyyn. Kyselyt tehtiin ennen kuntolomaa ja 2 kuukautta sen jälkeen. Tulokset osoittavat, että oireissa oli tapahtunut myönteisiä muutoksia kuntoloman jälkeen. Tutkittavien subjektiiviset arviot kuntoloman vaikutuksista yleensä näyttivät myönteisemmältä kuin muutokset oireiden tiheydessä tai vaikeusasteessa.
Terveydenhuollon rahoitus ja toimeentulo 1990-luvulla
Authors: Klavus Jan , Häkkinen Unto
Published: December 2024

Terveydenhuollon rahoitus on perustunut julkisen sektorin ja talouden vakaaseen kasvuun. 1990-luvun alun talouslaman seurauksena tilanne muuttui monella tavalla: kotitalouksien tulot alenivat, mikä johti valtion ja kuntien verotulojen pienenemiseen; julkisen sektorin osuutta terveydenhuollon rahoituksesta supistettiin ja vastaavasti palvelujen käyttäjien rahoitusosuus kasvoi; verotuksessa ja maksupolitiikassa tehtiin uudistuksia.
Artikkelissa arvioidaan terveydenhuollon rahoituksessa tapahtuneiden muutosten vaikutuksia terveydenhuollon kokonaisrahoituksen ja kotitalouksien toimeentulon kannalta. Kokonaisuudessaan pienituloiset kotitaloudet osallistuivat terveydenhuollon rahoitukseen suuremmalla osuudella laman jälkeen kuin sitä ennen. Tämä johtui pääosin palvelujen käyttäjien rahoitusosuuden voimakkaasta kasvusta tällä vuosikymmenellä. Terveydenhuollon rahoitusrakenteessa tapahtuneista muutoksista huolimatta eriarvoisuus rahoituksessa lisääntyi odotettua vähemmän. Ansiotulojen menetyksiä korvanneiden tulonsiirtojen ansiosta tulonjako säilyi lähes ennallaan, ja verorahoitteinen terveydenhuoltojärjestelmä kohdentui rahoitusjärjestelmän rakenteelliset muutokset väestöryhmittäin tasaisesti.
Kuntien sosiaalihuollon menot ja sosiaalihuollon menotarve vuosina 1990 ja 1995
Authors: Valtonen Hannu
Published: December 2024

Tässä artikkelissa verrataan kuntien sosiaalihuollon tarpeen ja sosiaalihuollon menojen yhteyksiä. Menojen suuruuteen kunnissa vaikuttavat hyvin monet erilaiset seikat. Pelkästään kunnan sosiaalihuollon menojen suuruuden perusteella ei voida sanoa, hoitaako kunta asiansa hyvin vai huonosti. Esimerkiksi pienet menot voivat olla seurausta tehokkaasta toiminnasta, mutta myös pienestä tarpeesta, tai tarpeeseen verraten liian vähäisestä palvelujen tarjonnasta. Sosiaalitoimen menojen suuruuteen vaikuttaa myös työnjako terveydenhuollon kanssa.
Tarve-erojen huomioinnin jälkeenkin Suomen kuntien sosiaalihuollon menojen vaihtelu on suurta. Menojen erot ovat kuitenkin vuonna 1995 pienemmät kuin 1990. Mahdollisesti myös menot ja tarve korreloivat paremmin vuonna 1995 kuin vuonna 1990. Kuntien sosiaalitoimen menojen vaihtelun syitä ei tässä tutkimuksessa ole selvitetty, mutta tutkimus viittaa siihen, että kunnassa tehtävällä päätöksenteolla ja toiminnan organisoinnilla voi olla suuri vaikutus kunnan sosiaalitoimen menojen suuruuteen, ja siksi näiden menojen suuruuteen vaikuttavien tekijöiden selvittäminen on aiheellista.
Промышленный и научно-популярный туризм: актуальные практики
Authors: Танкиева Тамара , Смолина Дарья , Иванова Александра
Published: December 2024

Экскурсии на производства или посещение научных лабораторий известны давно. Однако всякий раз всплеск интереса к таким путешествиям возникает в периоды смены технологического уклада. В настоящее время в мире, в том числе и в Российской Федерации, происходит переход к экономике шестого технологического уклада, который характеризует высокая доля наукоемких, высокотехнологичных производств и креативных индустрий в экономике стран. В статье проведен анализ современных практик научно-популярного и промышленного туризма в мире и РФ. Показано, что научно-популярный и промышленный туризмы развиваются в Российской федерации тремя независимыми путями. В качестве методов исследования используется общенаучный подход, основанный на анализе и синтезе, а также метод графического анализа. Теоретическую базу исследования составляют публикации отечественных и зарубежных авторов, размещенные в наукометрических базах данных, а также государственные стандарты и правовые акты РФ. В качестве исходных данных были использованы: статистическая информация Федеральной службы государственной статистики, а также данные открытых источников специализированных ресурсов сети Интернет. Авторами было проведено несплошное наблюдение путем анкетирования 152 человек в возрасте от 14 до 24 лет с целью выявления предпочтений к наполнению турпродукта научного или промышленного туризма.
Fraternity in French Republic: nature and application
Authors: Badyda A.Yu.
Published: December 2024

Among the number of constitutional principles on which the French Republic is based, one can single out a special one that cannot be found in other European countries - fraternity. The question of the essence of this principle became relevant after one of the decisions of the Constitutional Council of France, namely the decision of 2018. It was with this decision that the Council gave constitutional value to the above-mentioned principle.
The evolution of the fraternity dates back to the French Revolution of 1789, a series of Constitutions, particularly those of 1791 and 1793, to the Fourth and Fifth Republics. Being related to the principle of the welfare state, the principle of fraternity means a bond between society without elements of discrimination.
It is noted that the essence of the principle of fraternity, on the one hand, is that fraternity can exist only between free and equal people, on the other hand, freedom and equality cannot exist in a society where fraternity is ignored. That is, the republican motto is a component of sovereignty, that is, an element specific to the national regulatory system, a condition for the legitimacy of power; it is the ideal which the French ascribe to constitutional powers; a kind of higher constitutionalism, not to mention supra­constitutionality.
The modern understanding of this principle, formulated and explained in the decision of the Constitutional Council, should be equated with the values of tolerance, respect for human dignity, etc. More precisely, it is the freedom to help others, for humanitarian purposes, regardless of the regularity of his stay on the national territory. At the same time, the legislator must ensure coordination between the principle of fraternity and the protection of public law and order.
It was concluded that the principle of fraternity is universal, because it applies to all citizens and foreigners, even with illegal status.
It is indicated that among the fundamental constitutional principles contained in the texts of the Constitutions of most democratic states, in France, in addition to the principles of democracy, the rule of law, the social state, etc., the principle of fraternity applies. This is a unique principle that has been mentioned since the revolution of 1789, is characteristic of the identity of the legal system of the French Republic and will be the object of this study. Thus, along with the principles of equality and freedom, Article 2 of the French Constitution of 1958 contains the principle of fraternity. This is the so-called trilogic motto, each of its components complementing each other.
Comparative legal aspect of development of the civil service institution in Ukraine and Great Britain
Authors: Mykhailovska Ye.V. , Polishchuk D.V.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the civil service institution in Ukraine and the United Kingdom, and a comparative legal analysis is carried out which allows identifying both common features and significant differences in the organization and functioning of the state apparatus of these countries.
Particular attention is paid to the historical and cultural factors that influenced the formation of the modern civil service system. In Ukraine, the institution of civil service is considered to be an important element of administrative law and public administration, which ensures the implementation of state policy, fulfillment of state tasks and protection of citizens’ rights. At the same time, the civil service system of the United Kingdom, known as the ‘Civil Service’, demonstrates an example of a well-established, transparent and politically neutral model that has become a benchmark for many countries around the world.
The paper focuses on the need to reform public administration in Ukraine, taking into account global trends and British experience. In particular, the concepts of ‘Good Governance’, ‘New Public Management’ and ‘Policy Networks’, which are the basis for reforms in developed democracies, are explored.
The article analyses the importance of career development of civil servants as a key element of ensuring the effectiveness of public administration. Itis emphasized that the career development system in Ukraine is in the process of improvement, while in the UK it has a long tradition of transparency, integrity and political neutrality.
The role of ethical standards in shaping the professional culture of the civil service is considered separately. The author presents a model of ‘ethical infrastructure of a democratic state’ aimed at teaching ethical behavior and monitoring compliance with ethical standards by civil servants.
It is emphasized that enhancing the professio­nalism and ethics of civil servants is an integral factor in strengthening trust in the state apparatus, ensuring social stability and sustainable development, and the adaptation of British approaches to the Ukrainian reality will contribute to the creation of a transparent, efficient and accountable civil service system that will meet the current challenges and needs of society.
Peculiarities of patrol police activity during martial law
Authors: Molokova A.R. , Bukhtiyarova I.G.
Published: December 2024

The article carries out a thorough analysis of the current legislation regarding the peculiarities of the patrol police during the period of martial law. To formulate the problems of this research, the relevance of the topic, the state of its research by the national legal science was substantiated.
The Patrol Police is a unit of the National Police of Ukraine that patrols the streets around the clock, and is also the first to respond to 102 calls, in order to ensure public order and safety, protect the rights of citizens, road safety, ensures public order and safety in the event of mass events, is involved to eliminate the consequences of an accident, disaster, natural disaster.
The patrol police work in nonstop mode (round the clock and continuously). Patrolling is carried out by a police crew, which consists of two police officers, and a foot patrol also operates in clearly defined areas. Police officers report to platoon commanders.
In modern conditions, the patrol police not only perform the traditional functions of maintaining public order, but are also actively involved in tasks related to ensuring the functioning of the military administration, protecting critical infrastructure, evacuating the civilian population, supporting public safety in the face of the threat of missile attacks and other military actions .
The goal is a doctrinal study and determination, based on the analysis of the current legislation, of the peculiarities of the patrol police during the period of martial law.
It has been established that during martial law, police officers perform not only law enforcement functions, but also social assistance functions — they organize evacuation, ensure order during the distribution of humanitarian aid, and provide psychological support to citizens. Therefore, there is a need to develop new skills for patrol officers. Patrol officers require specific combat training that includes the basics of tactical medicine, evacuating the wounded, avoiding minefields and other military threats. Without such training, their actions may be less effective, and the risks to life and health may be higher.
Analysis of organizational and legal aspects of mine action regulation in Ukraine
Authors: Porynos Ye.O. , Dmytriienko O.A. , Bogdan S.I.
Published: December 2024

During the repulse of armed aggression, the issue of demining territories contaminated with explosive objects arose acutely before Ukraine. In accordance with international standards, demining territories includes such components as: studying the risks associated with explosive objects; destruction of explosive ammunition and substances; propaganda measures to prohibit the use of anti-personnel mines; demining and disposal of explosive objects; assistance to persons injured as a result of explosive devices.
The conducted research studied modern domestic legislation that regulates mine action, analyzed foreign and international law, as well as the procedure for certification and testing of technical means of demining in Ukraine.
Problematic issues in the practical application of normative acts on the regulation of demining in Ukraine have been identified.
In the course of researching this topic, the authors came to the conclusion that the problem of demining is of a global nature. Ukraine ranks first in the area of mine-contaminated territories. It should be taken into account that a large part of the territories cannot be cleared, given the active hostilities. According to experts, it will take several decades for maximum guaranteed demining. An example of long-term demining can be explosive objects that did not explode during the Second World War and are still in significant quantities in the lands of Ukraine.
Taking into account the fact that the activity of cleaning the territories of Ukraine from explosive substances and objects requires significant efforts of state and local self-government bodies, public organizations, social institutes and interstate and international organizations. From foreign partners and international organizations, Ukraine strives to receive a lot of help, the components of which are the provision of demining equipment, the involvement of foreign specialists, the financing of appropriate equipment and measures for medical and social rehabilitation.
In order to implement effective state control over mine action in Ukraine, it is necessary to establish clearly defined standards and regulations that ensure the most effective management in this area.
Actual problems of the State Employment Service
Authors: Rostovskaya K.V.
Published: December 2024

The article highlights the current issues of the State Employment Service in wartime and suggests ways to solve them. It is noted that the problems of the State Employment Service of Ukraine in modern conditions are of particular importance, given the difficult socio-economic state of the country, caused by military aggression and the corresponding economic consequences. Attention is drawn to the fact that the sharp reduction of jobs, the growth of the unemployment rate, the massive internal displacement of citizens and the strengthening of social inequality have created unprecedented challenges for the employment system. It is concluded that this necessitates research and optimization of the State Employment Service as the leading body responsible for the implementation of state policy in the field of public employment and social protection of the unemployed. The article draws attention to the fact that the State Employment Service of Ukraine has identified several key areas of development aimed at improving the quality of service to citizens and supporting the labor market in conditions of martial law and economic instability. Among the main priorities are the introduction and improvement of active employment programs, the digitalization of services, the development of micro-grant programs and support for the «Recovery Army» project, the continuation of the implementation of the government project «Work on the provision of grants for the creation or development of one’s own business.» The article highlights the ways of implementing the mentioned directions and concludes that the success of the employment service in ensuring the support of employment of the population is manifested through the implementation of such measures as programs for the employment of internally displaced persons, short-term professional training, the provision of micro-grants and the development of compensation initiatives for employers who employ IDPs and war veterans. It is justified that in order to improve the efficiency of the State Employment Service, it is necessary to introduce a number of systemic reforms. These include simplifying procedures for aid recipients, expanding digital services, and ensuring access to vocational training for war-affected citizens. These measures will make it possible to significantly increase the level of employment in the country, ensure stability in the labor market and promote sustainable economic recovery after the end of the war.