bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O pensamento de Milton Santos e a análise crítica do planejamento corporativo do território
Authors: Teixeira Sérgio Henrique de Oliveira
Published: May 2022

O presente artigo busca analisar a contribuição do geógrafo Milton Santos para o campo do planejamento territorial. Para isso, traça-se um diagnóstico sobre os principais aportes teóricos e metodológicos que foram desenvolvidos e se desdobram em agendas de pesquisa a respeito do tema, tendo como referência as categorias e abordagens de inspiração miltoniana. Como resultado, verifica-se que o planejamento visto como uma técnica, sob a aura de neutralidade, tem servido à subordinação dos países subdesenvolvidos (ou periféricos) aos ditames de uma globalização cada vez mais predatória dos recursos naturais e das condições de vida da população. Sob essa lógica, sustenta-se que o planejamento tem servido como correia de transmissão da lógica global capitalista, verticalizada e importada à formação socioespacial brasileira por agentes corporativos. Por meio das análises e das categorias miltonianas, o texto que se apresenta discute as principais causas e consequências desse processo. Propondo um olhar sobre o território usado, tomando a escala da formação socioespacial, o texto destaca ainda as intencionalidades que levaram e levam ao uso cada vez mais corporativo do território.
O crime organizado como objeto de pesquisa na História: entrevista com Fernando Afonso Salla – (NEV/USP)
Authors: Farias Eduardo Müller
Published: May 2022

No Brasil, as organizações criminosas constituem uma ameaça à ordem estatal, sendo historicamente um problema de segurança pública nacional, relacionado diretamente com o sistema penitenciário, o qual se desenvolveu como local de origem e gestão desses grupos. Na área das Ciências Humanas, ainda são escassas as pesquisas acerca do crime organizado no campo da História, sendo as produções científicas mais avançadas provenientes dos estudos sociológicos. Portanto, o objetivo desta entrevista com Fernando Afonso Salla, do Núcleo de Estudos da Violência (USP), é pensar a interlocução entre a História e as pesquisas sobre o crime organizado, os espaços que podem ser preenchidos para agregar novas problematizações e os principais caminhos para realizar tais possibilidades. A entrevista foi realizada em 11/10/2021.
O cuidado com as imagens de crianças nos estágios de pedagogia
Authors: Domingues Cristiane Lumertz Klein , Silva Gabriele Bonotto
Published: May 2022

Este texto tem por objetivo discutir como a escola aborda o direito de imagem da criança, de modo a refletir positivamente para os registros dos trabalhos dos alunos do curso de Pedagogia nas escolas de estágio, sendo escolas mescladas entre privado e público, dos Anos Iniciais, Educação Infantil e alguns espaços não escolares (Lar de idosos, Centro de condutores, Secretária de Educação). Recorremos à coleta de dados documental realizada em relatórios de observação desde o ano de 2014 até 2019, do estágio supervisionado do curso de Pedagogia, e sobretudo aos dados coletados nas escolas de estágio pelos alunos do curso. Argumentamos com base nos resultados encontrados que é necessária uma mudança de atitudes quanto ao uso da imagem das crianças na escola, começando com reflexões importantes sobre o assunto em cursos de formação de professores, almejando uma mudança comportamental que possa proteger a criança nesse sentido, quando falamos em prática pedagógica. Em especial, uma prática diferenciada pelos estagiários em seus campos de estágio no tocante ao registro das atividades realizadas.
Tecnologias da informação e conhecimento geográfico: análise do uso das geotecnologias a partir da obra de Milton Santos
Authors: Esteves Marcel Petrocino
Published: May 2022

Este artigo visa abordar o papel das denominadas geotecnologias (sensoriamento remoto orbital, sistemas de informação geográfica e sistemas de posicionamento global - GPS) e suas implicações para o conhecimento geográfico a partir da obra de Milton Santos e, particularmente, apresentar exemplos do papel assumido pelo emprego de tecnologias da informação e seus sistemas técnicos como subsídio para a formulação e suporte de políticas públicas territoriais. As tecnologias da informação, entendidas como densidade técnico-informacional do espaço geográfico, ocasionam novas formas de uso, organização e regulação do território. Os sistemas técnicos que envolvem as geotecnologias tendem à unicidade técnica e à totalidade dos lugares, possibilitando a instantaneidade e a simultaneidade da informação e, assim, o aumento qualitativo da cognoscibilidade do planeta. São apresentadas algumas limitações das geotecnologias que poderiam levar a um reducionismo do entendimento do espaço geográfico às suas formas instrumentais e também as possibilidades latentes de usos diferentes ao sentido em que foram concebidas.
Energy price indices and discount factors for life-cycle cost analysis 2022 :
Authors: Kneifel Joshua D , Lavappa Priya D
Published: May 2022

This is the 2022 edition of energy price indices and discount factors for performing life-cycle cost analyses of energy and water conservation and renewable energy projects in federal facilities. It will be effective from the publication date to the publication of the 2023 edition. This publication supports the federal life cycle costing methodology described in 10 CFR 436A and OMB Circular A-94 by updating the energy price projections and discount factors that are described, explained, and illustrated in NIST Handbook 135 (HB 135, Life-Cycle Costing Manual for the Federal Energy Management Program.)
Growth of Lahontan cutthroat trout from multiple sources re-introduced into Sagehen Creek, CA
Authors: Stead Jonathan E. , Boucher Virginia L. , Moyle Peter B. , Rypel Andrew L.
Published: May 2022

Lahontan cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi have experienced massive declines in their native range and are now a threatened species under the US Endangered Species Act. A key management goal for this species is re-establishing extirpated populations using translocations and conservation hatcheries. In California USA, two broodstocks (Pilot Peak and Independence Lake) are available for reintroduction, in addition to translocations from wild and naturalized sources. Pilot Peak and Independence Lake fish are hatchery stocks derived from native fish from the Truckee River basin and used for recovery activities in the western Geographic Management Unit Areas only, specifically within the Truckee River basin. Yet suitability of these sources for re-introduction in different ecosystem types remains an open and important topic. We conducted growth experiments using Lahontan cutthroat trout stocked into Sagehen Creek, CA, USA. Experiments evaluated both available broodstocks and a smaller sample of fish translocated representing a naturalized population of unknown origin from a nearby creek. Fish from the Independence Lake source had significantly higher growth in weight and length compared to the other sources. Further, Independence Lake fish were the only stock that gained weight on average over the duration of the experiment. Our experiments suggest fish from the Independence Lake brood stock should be considered in reintroduction efforts.
Late Preterm Infant Growth and Body Composition at Corrected Term Gestation: A Cohort Study
Authors: Deshabhotla Saikiran , Pallod Snehal , Tandur Baswaraj
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Worldwide major proportion of preterm births is late preterm infants. Preterm infants are deprived of optimal in-utero nutrition leading to immediate consequences of growth failure and long-term complications like adverse neurodevelopment outcomes whereas preterm infants with fast catch up growth after birth have health consequences like obesity and hypertension in adulthood. Aim: To assess growth of late preterm infants at their term equivalent Gestational Age (GA) and compare their growth and body composition with term infants. Materials and Methods: This was a cohort study of late preterm (34 0/7 to 36 6/7 weeks) infants that were Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA) and controls that were AGA term infants (39 0/7 to 40 6/7 weeks). All enrolled late preterm infants were followed-up at term equivalent (39 0/7 to 40 6/7 weeks). Growth plotted on Fenton’s chart and body composition were calculated using pre-defined formula for total mid-upper arm area (cm2), mid-upper arm muscle area (cm2), mid-upper arm fat area (cm2), and the Arm Fat Index (AFI) (%). The data was analysed using Epi info (version 7.2) with student t-test for continuous variables and chi-square test for dichotomous variables. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of the 135 infants enrolled, 45 were late preterm and 90 were term born infants. Median GA of the case cohort was 35 (IQR 35-36) weeks and in the control cohort it was 39 (IQR 39-40) weeks. Total 45.7% (N=35) of the late preterm infants (after excluding loss to follow-up) were below 10th percentile (EUGR) at term GA. At term follow-up, mean weight and length of late preterm infants compared to term born infants was less and statistically significant. The mean Skin Fold Thickness (SKT) (cm) at triceps level 0.55 (SD 0.07) vs. 0.49 (SD 0.06), mean of calculated AFI (%) 31.25 (SD 3.08) vs. 28.19 (SD 2.5) and among late preterm infants at follow-up was more than in term infants and was statistically significant. Conclusion: Failure to thrive is common among the late preterm infants at term equivalent GA. Late preterm infants show postnatal growth characterised by predominant fat mass accretion and less lean mass.
Perinatal Acute Kidney Injury in a Preterm Neonate Associated with Maternal COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Rao Anusha , Parikh Tushar B
Published: May 2022

Effect of Perinatal maternal Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) on growing foetus is not fully understood. There are early reports of biochemical Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in the foetus with maternal COVID-19 infection. Present case is the first clinical case of perinatal AKI in a preterm neonate associated with maternal severe COVID-19. Preterm baby (34+4 weeks) was born to mother having COVID-19 pneumonia with raised inflammatory markers. She had history of decrease foetal movements and anhydraminos a day prior to delivery. Baby showed signs of AKI in form of weight gain, oedema and hypertension with initial serum creatinine of 3.54 mg/dL and blood urea of 95.2 mg/dL at 48 hours of age. Subsequently baby showed diuresis and improving Renal Function Tests (RFT). The foetal AKI resulted in anuria followed by anhydraminos with postnatal recovering AKI; even though the baby tested negative for COVID-19 RT-PCR, The baby did not have any clinical or biochemical evidence of asphyxia or sepsis. Possible explanation could be foetal renal hyoxic ischaemic insult due to Vasomotor Nephropathy (VMNP) or AKI due to cytokine storm in mother or direct viral injury to developing kidneys without nasopharyngeal colonisation.
Role of Hand Hygiene and Sterile Blood Sampling in Reduction of False Positive Blood Cultures from a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a Rural Teaching Hospital: A Quasi-experimental Study
Authors: Chandrashekar MA , Narayanaswamy Vindhya , Iyer Chandrakala R , Vijayashankara CN , Chandran GP , Vishnuvardhan O , Sahithi P , Sravya G
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Blood culture remains the gold standard for diagnosis of newborn infections. Its contamination not only results in inadvertent use of antimicrobials against the false positives but also causes substantial financial burden and patient safety concerns. There are various ways to reduce blood contamination, of which hand hygiene and sterile blood sampling are most crucial. Aim: To evaluate and reduce the blood contamination rate and false positive blood cultures from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Materials and Methods: The prevalent bacteriology and Blood Culture Contamination Rate (BCCR) at the NICU was assessed by a retrospective study on all the neonates with suspected sepsis who had blood culture at admission. Healthcare workers at NICU were observed for their hand wash and sterile blood sampling technique by dedicated team members. Identified deficiencies among them were intervened by an educational model with regular training and reinforcement on hygienic practices for three months. Postintervention prospective study was done on all the neonates with suspected sepsis who had blood culture at admission. During this period the same educational model continued, to know its efficacy in reduction of blood contamination and change of bacteriology pattern. Data collected was entered into Microsoft excel sheet 2010 version and analysed using software Stata 14.0 version. Results: Preintervention blood culture reports of 205 neonates screened for sepsis showed 58 (28.3%) samples with positive growth. Of this, 18 were contaminants, 31 were Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS), three gram negative and six gram positive organisms with blood contamination rate of 8.7%. Blood culture reports of postintervention study on 200 neonates screened for sepsis showed 41 (20.5%) samples positive for growth. Bacteriology showed 12 contaminants, 13 CoNS, eight gram positives, seven gram negatives and one fungal growth with BCCR of 6%. After intervention growth of CoNS was reduced which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Simple inexpensive education programme helps the healthcare workers to follow the standard technique of hand wash and sterile blood sampling which goes a long way in reducing blood culture contamination.
Prevalence of Birth Defects and Associated Risk Factors among Neonates in Tertiary Care Hospital, Shivamogga, Karnataka
Authors: Vijayalakshmi P , Chandrashekar B , Navya NP , Manoj GM
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Birth Defects (BD) account for a significant proportion of neonatal mortality. BD can result in long-term disability with a significant impact on individuals, families, societies and healthcare systems. Aim: To estimate prevalence, types, clinical profile and perinatal profile of BD among neonates. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Department of Paediatrics, from November 2018 to May 2019. A total of 71 cases were admitted to NICU with total 95 BD. All the demographic details, natal, antenatal, prenatal clinical data and family histories were collected with the help of a predesigned proforma, entered in Excel sheet and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software; version 25.0. The p-value was calculated using Chi-square test and p-value < 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Total number of neonates with BD was 71 (4.16% of total NICU admissions, 1.18% of total live births i.e., 6033). Neonates with single BD were 53 (74.65%) and multiple BDs were 18 (25.35%). Mean age was 3.89±5.29 days. Out of the 71 neonates, 37 (52.11%) were males while 28 (39.44%) were females, and the rest 6 (8.45%) had ambiguous genitalia. Prevalence of BD was more in Low Birth Weight (LBW) (6.27%, 34/542 cases) than normal birth weight babies (3.33%, 36/1080 babies). Prevalence of BD was highest in mothers of 26-30 years age group (28/433, 6.46%). The predominant system involved was cardiovascular system (29/95 BDs, 30.53%). The most common major BD was Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) (13/95 BDs, 13.68%). The predominant type of BD found was malformation (83/95 BDs, 87.37%). Case fatality rate of BDs was 30.99% (22/71). Neonatal mortality rate of BDs was 0.35 per 1000 live births. Conclusion: Prevalence of birth defects was 1.18% of the total live births. Cardiovascular system was the most common system involved, VSD being the most common defect. BDs were significantly associated with late twenties parity, LBW and pre-existing medical diseases in mothers. Single and major BDs were more common than their counterparts.
Exploration of Various Microbial Systems for the Biofuel Production
Authors: Singh Kalyani , Gurung Vijay , Gupta Sarika
Published: May 2022

Fuels on a broad scale are divided into two categories based on their renewability, i.e., renewable and non-renewable. The increasing scarcity, prices of fossil fuels, and the constantly increasing level of CO2 in the environment have led to an immediate need to investigate alternative fuels. Microorganisms are extensively being used for the generation of biofuels. The qualities of E. coli to be accessible to culture and maintenance have made it stand out among the microbes. Their ability to metabolize pentoses further draws it near to being used for biofuel production. Fermentative bacteria, particularly the class clostridia (obligate anaerobe), have been successful hydrogen producers. Dark fermentation employed by clostridia has dual advantages, i.e., production of biohydrogen and waste reduction since clostridia can utilize a broad range of substrates, including organic wastes. Moreover, the application of metabolic engineering can provide additional processes to clostridia required for the efficient production of biobutanol. The review further explores the two yeast systems, conventional and non-conventional systems. Synthetic biology tools have explored the traditional system, which comprises Saccharomyces cerevisiae for commercial purposes. The non-conventional yeast system has several advantages over the conventional ones, like ethanol tolerance, thermotolerance, inhibitor tolerance, and genetic diversity. However, the application of synthetic biology tools is still being explored in microbes like E. coli, Clostridia species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Yarrowia lipolytica. The review also incorporates excellent commercial strain features like economical fuel tolerance, inhibitor tolerance, and thermotolerance control on redox balance and yield increases. The main focus is to bridge the gap between lab-scale production and commercialization.
Stigonema
Authors: Golubic Stjepko , Hoffmann Lucien , Castenholz Richard W.
Published: May 2022

Gr. masc. n.stygeys, one who marks; Gr. neut. n.nema, thread; N.L. neut. n.Stigonema, segmented filament.

Cyanobacteria / Subsection V / Stigonemataceae / Stigonema

Stigonemais a filamentous heterocystous cyanobacterium with true branching (Subsection. V) that exemplifies the structural and functional complexity of multicellular filamentous cyanobacteria. Cell differentiation results in the formation of hormogonia, simple uniserial and complex multicellular filaments with true and false branching, intercalary and marginal heterocysts. All cells are joined by pit connections (pore channels with bundled synapses of microplasmodesmata) organized during cell division.

Type species:Stigonema mamillosumAgardh ex Bornet and Flahault 1886.
Gemmata
Authors: Fuerst John A. , Butler Margaret K.
Published: May 2022

Gem.ma'ta. L. past. part. used as L. fem. n. (from L. v.
gemmare
, to put forth buds),
Gemmata
, one provided with buds.

Planctomycetota / Planctomycetia / Gemmatales / Gemmataceae / Gemmata

Gem.ma'ta. L. fem. adj. used as L. fem. n. Gemmata, one provided with buds.

The genus
Gemmata
belongs to the family
Gemmataceae
of the order
Gemmatales
(phylum
Planctomycetota/
class
Planctomycetia
) and comprises two named species, the type species
Gemmata obscuriglobus
, from a freshwater dam, and “
Gemmata massiliana
,” from a hospital water distribution system.
Gemmata
species are aerobic chemoorganotrophic heterotrophs for which carbohydrates are the carbon and energy sources, but the type species has the ability to take up proteins or polysaccharides from the external milieu. The type species and other members of the genus possess spherical cells, reproduce via budding, are motile via multitrichous flagella, and grow as pink colonies. The surfaces of whole cells, when observed by electron microscopy, have uniformly distributed round pit‐like crateriform structures, and at least in the type strain, sectioned cells viewed by electron microscopy display complex intracellular membranes.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 64–67 (genome sequence).

Type species
:
Gemmata obscuriglobus
Franzmann and Skerman 1984, VL18 emend. Scheuner et al. 2014.
Anisotropic Thermally Conductive Composites Enabled by Acoustophoresis and Stereolithography
Authors: Melchert Drew S. , Tahmasebipour Amir , Liu Xin , Mancini Julie , Moran Bryan , Giera Brian , Joshipura Ishan D. , Shusteff Maxim , Meinhart Carl D. , Cobb Corie L. , Spadaccini Christopher , Gianola Daniel S. , Begley Matthew R.
Published: May 2022

Opportunities to improve thermal management in electronic devices are currently hindered by processing constraints that limit thermal conductivity in polymer‐matrix composites. Active patterning of filler particles is a promising route to improve conductivity while retaining processability by improving particle contact density and directing heat along optimized pathways. This study employs acoustic patterning to align and compact filler particles into stripes during stereolithographic 3D printing. This approach produces polymer‐based composite materials with highly efficient embedded heat transport pathways which reach 95 vol% particle utilization (relative to the parallel conduction upper limit). These composites exhibit anisotropic thermal conductivity up to 300% higher than unpatterned composites, with in‐plane anisotropy ratios of up to 350%. Combining this high conductivity with 3D printing enables materials with engineered heat networks that optimize transport from hot spots to heatsinks while maintaining low viscosity for fast particle patterning and for infiltration around electronic components. Finally, numerical simulations of acoustic assembly of particles with varied geometry, when compared to experimentally characterized particle packing, illuminate pathways for further improving conductivity by optimizing particle geometry for alignment and stacking of particles with maximum contact surface area.
A Bioinspired Photocatalysis and Electrochemiluminescence Scaffold for Simultaneous Degradation and In Situ Evaluation
Authors: Cao Yue , Wu Ru , Zhou Yuanzhen , Jiang Dechen , Zhu Wenlei
Published: May 2022

Nanostructured scaffolds that optimize self‐responsive ability, visible light harvesting, redox center distribution, and species shuttling porosity have been mimicked much less often, especially using organic crystalline substances. Inspired by a natural photosynthetic thylakoid membrane, a synthetic strategy with general applicability to construct a hollow organic crystalline nanosphere by orderly hybridizing imine‐linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with polymeric hollow g‐C3N4 nanosphere is proposed. As a proof‐of‐concept application, in a homemade microreaction cell, these hollow organic nanospheres are shown to function as robust scaffolds, heterojunction shells, and light‐harvesting antennas, enabling excellent visible‐light‐driven photocatalysis for the almost complete degradation of tetracycline, a gravely residual antibiotic worldwide. Significantly, a new electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technology derived from biomimetic self‐responsiveness is developed for in situ evaluation of the photodegradation process, accessing kinetics and other relevant parameters at an extremely low‐abundance target, which remains challenging to date, albeit highly desirable. This work provides a general synthetic strategy for obtaining COFs‐derived hollow crystalline organic nanospheres for promising photocatalysis applications and offers a new perspective on the development of ECL technology for simultaneous analysis and treatment of actual sewage.
Molecular‐Level Methylcellulose/MXene Hybrids with Greatly Enhanced Electrochemical Actuation
Authors: Chen Shaohua , Ciou Jing‐Hao , Yu Fei , Chen Jian , Lv Jian , Lee Pooi See
Published: May 2022

Ti3C2Tx MXene film is promising for electrochemical actuators due to its high electrical conductivity and volumetric capacitance. However, its actuation performance is limited by the slow ion diffusion through the film and poor mechanical property in aqueous electrolytes. Here, molecular‐level methylcellulose (MC)/MXene hybrid films are assembled with obviously enlarged layer distance, improved wet strength, and ambient stability. The hybrid films show significantly higher in‐plane actuation strain in a liquid electrolyte. Based on direct strain measurements, in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses, the actuation enhancement can be ascribed to the enlarged layer distance allowing more water and ions to be intercalated/de‐intercalated and MC‐induced sliding of MXene sheets. The assembled soft actuator has a high Young's modulus of 1.93 GPa and can be operated in air, generating a peak‐to‐peak strain difference up to 0.541% under a triangular wave voltage of ±1 V and a blocking force of 4.7 times its own weight.
Responsive Hydrogels Based on Triggered Click Reactions for Liver Cancer
Authors: Zhu Jia‐Qi , Wu Han , Li Zhen‐Li , Xu Xin‐Fei , Xing Hao , Wang Ming‐Da , Jia Hang‐Dong , Liang Lei , Li Chao , Sun Li‐Yang , Wang Yu‐Guang , Shen Feng , Huang Dong‐Sheng , Yang Tian
Published: May 2022

Globally, liver cancer, which is one of the major cancers worldwide, has attracted the growing attention of technological researchers for its high mortality and limited treatment options. Hydrogels are soft 3D network materials containing a large number of hydrophilic monomers. By adding moieties such as nitrobenzyl groups to the network structure of a cross‐linked nanocomposite hydrogel, the click reaction improves drug‐release efficiency in vivo, which improves the survival rate and prolongs the survival time of liver cancer patients. The application of a nanocomposite hydrogel drug delivery system can not only enrich the drug concentration at the tumor site for a long time but also effectively prevents the distant metastasis of residual tumor cells. At present, a large number of researches have been working toward the construction of responsive nanocomposite hydrogel drug delivery systems, but there are few comprehensive articles to systematically summarize these discoveries. Here, this systematic review summarizes the synthesis methods and related applications of nanocomposite responsive hydrogels with actions to external or internal physiological stimuli. With different physical or chemical stimuli, the structural unit rearrangement and the controlled release of drugs can be used for responsive drug delivery in different states.
Large‐Scale Manufacturing of Pattern‐Integrated Paper Li‐Ion Microbatteries through Roll‐to‐Roll Flexographic Printing
Authors: Wang Ying , Cao Daxian , Sun Xiao , Ren Haoze , Ji Tongtai , Jin Xiaoning , Morse Jeffrey , Stewart Barbara , Zhu Hongli
Published: May 2022

Electrode architectures significantly influence the electrochemical performance, flexibility, and applications of lithium‐ion batteries (LiBs). However, the conventional bar coating for fabricating electrodes limits the addition of customized architecture or patterns. In this study, as a novel approach, patterns are integrated into electrodes through large‐scale roll‐to‐roll (R2R) flexographic printing. Additionally, flexible, recyclable, and biodegradable paper are innovatively used as a printing substrate during printing LiBs manufacturing, which exhibited superior printability. Moreover, the paper is modified with a thin‐layer Al2O3 to function as the separator in the printed LiB. The Al2O3‐coated paper enables an admirable wettability for printing, excellent mechanical properties for high‐speed R2R manufacturing, and outstanding thermal stability for the safe and stable operation of LiBs. The assembled paper cells exhibit nearly 100% discharge capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 3 C and outstanding rate performance. This work inspires future large‐scale microbatteries manufacturing integrated with high‐resolution architecture designs.
Rapid and Scalable Fabrication of Low Impedance, 3D Dry Electrodes for Physiological Sensing
Authors: Kaveh Ryan , Tetreault Natalie , Gopalan Karthik , Maravilla Julian , Lustig Michael , Muller Rikky , Arias Ana C.
Published: May 2022

Medical electrophysiological sensors that can study the body and diagnose diseases depend on consistently low impedance electrode–skin interfaces. Clinical‐standard wet electrodes use hydrogels and skin abrasion to improve the interface and thus the recorded signal quality. These electrodes are challenging to self‐administer and impede in‐home care. Wearable dry electrodes are more practical; however, they show higher impedances than wet electrodes and are costly to customize. This work presents a fabrication method for rapidly producing low impedance, anatomically fit dry electrodes that do not require hydrogels. By using electroless copper and gold plating with 3D printing, biocompatible electrodes can be optimized for individuals at a fraction of the cost of existing vacuum deposition‐based techniques. Example 3D dry electrodes made with this process are evaluated alongside clinical‐standard devices in typical scenarios to compare electrical performance and comfort. The resulting dry electrodes exhibit an average electrode‐skin impedance of 66.7 kΩ at 50 Hz and DC offset of −20 mV without any hydrogel, which, when area normalized, is within the range achieved by wet electrodes without skin abrasion.
Intramolecular Aerobic Ring Expansion of Cyclic Ketone: A Mild Method for the Synthesis of Medium‐Sized Lactones and Macrolactones
Authors: Liang Qi‐Ming , Zheng Jing‐Yun , Lu Si‐Yuan , Wang Hong‐Mei , Luo Lu , Zhang Xiang‐Zhi , Peng Jin‐Bao , Feng Na , Ma Ai‐Jun
Published: May 2022

An operationally simple protocol for the synthesis of medium‐sized lactones and macrolactones via an intramolecular ring expansion of cyclic ketones has been developed. Using this method, a series of 10‐ and 12‐membered lactones was synthesized under mild conditions. Preliminary mechanistic studies showed that a radical pathway might be involved in this reaction.

magnified image
Fabrication of Binder‐Free TiO2 Nanofibers@Carbon Cloth for Flexible and Ultra‐Stable Supercapacitor for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Rani Shalu , Kumar Nagesh , Sharma Yogesh
Published: May 2022

For the realization of the miniaturized devices for flexible/wearable electronics systems in the current electronics industry; flexible, safe, and compatible energy storage devices are of great research interest. Herein, carbon cloth (CC) textile is coated by TiO2 nanofibers (NFs) through a safe and facile electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique for flexible/wearable supercapacitor (SC) application. The modified microstructure of the flexible and binder‐free electrode fabricated via EPD shows a high areal capacitance of 1651 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2 current density. Moreover, the electrode shows the high cyclability with 100% capacitance retention after 15 000 cycles at 10 mA cm−2 current density, presents the ultra‐high stability for the fabricated electrode. Further, a fully flexible symmetric SC device is fabricated utilizing the fabricated electrodes assembled with the gel electrolyte. The device delivers an areal capacitance of 468 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2 current density with 97% capacitance retention after 30 000 successive cycles and 98% retention after 2000 bending cycles at 5 mA cm−2. Moreover, the SC device delivers the maximum areal energy density and areal power density of 0.14 mWh cm−2 and 3.6 mW cm−2, respectively.
Metathesis Reactions of a NHC‐Stabilized Phosphaborene
Authors: Koner Abhishek , Morgenstern Bernd , Andrada Diego M.
Published: May 2022

The BP unsaturated unit is a very attractive functional group as it provides novel reactivity and unique physical properties. Nonetheless, applications remain limited so far due to the bulky nature of B/P‐protecting groups, required to prevent oligomerization. Herein, we report the synthesis and isolation of aN‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐stabilized phosphaborene, bearing a trimethylsilyl (TMS) functionality at the P‐terminal, as a room‐temperature‐stable crystalline solid accessible via facile NHC‐induced trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCl) elimination from its phosphinoborane precursor. This phosphaborene compound, bearing a genuine B=P bond, exhibits a remarkable ability for undergoing P‐centre metathesis reactions, which allows the isolation of a series of unprecedented phosphaborenes. X‐ray crystallographic analysis, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and DFT calculations provide insights into the B=P bonding situation.
Intracellular Signal Amplification for Ultrasensitive Detection and Imaging: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Gong Liang , Shan Xiuzhi , Xu Lin , Tang Li , Zhang Xiao‐Bing
Published: May 2022

Disease signaling molecules and biomarkers are important in biosensing and biomedicine, and their ultra‐sensitive detection and imaging are critical in medical diagnosis. However, most biomarkers have low levels of expression in cells and are easily degraded; therefore, they cannot be accurately detected in real time by conventional amplification methods, which are typically confined to cell lysates. To achieve highly sensitive detection of intracellular low‐abundance molecules, extensive efforts have been devoted to the development of in situ signal amplification techniques. This review tracks the development of recent advances in in situ signal amplification strategies, and systematically summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of enzymatic and non‐enzymatic amplification techniques for detecting and tracing intracellular targets. Further, perspectives, challenges, and opportunities for intracellular signal amplification are discussed to promote its adoption for in situ signal amplification in clinical settings and to provide new insights into signaling molecules and biomarkers in cellular functions and associated diseases.
Unintentional racial microaggressions and the social unconscious
Authors: McCann Malik , Tudor Keith
Published: May 2022

This article explores the social unconscious as it is manifested through unintentional racial microaggressions. It is based on a heuristic self‐search inquiry conducted by the first author, as a result of a comment made in a class in a psychotherapy education/training program, which she subsequently examined further in a Master's dissertation, supervised by the second author. The article firstly elaborates a number of contexts, that is, the immediate context that provoked the research which forms the basis of this article; the broader social context of racism in Aotearoa New Zealand and the research context, namely heuristics. This is followed by two brief discussions of racial enactments and unconscious associations, which introduce the second part of the article in which the findings of the research are presented with regard to the social unconscious, specifically, unconscious racialization, racialized positioning, and dissociated racial self‐states.
A Risk Score to Detect Subclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Juge Pierre‐Antoine , Granger Benjamin , Debray Marie‐Pierre , Ebstein Esther , Louis‐Sidney Fabienne , Kedra Joanna , Doyle Tracy J. , Borie Raphaël , Constantin Arnaud , Combe Bernard , Flipo René‐Marc , Mariette Xavier , Vittecoq Olivier , Saraux Alain , Carvajal‐Alegria Guillermo , Sibilia Jean , Berenbaum Francis , Kannengiesser Caroline , Boileau Catherine , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Crestani Bruno , Fautrel Bruno , Dieudé Philippe
Published: May 2022

Objective

Patients at high risk of rheumatoid arthritis–associated interstitial lung disease (RA‐ILD) would benefit from being identified before the onset of respiratory symptoms; this can be done by screening patients with the use of chest high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Our objective was to develop and validate a risk score for patients who have subclinical RA‐ILD.

Methods

Our study included a discovery population and a replication population from 2 prospective RA cohorts (ESPOIR and TRANSLATE2, respectively) without pulmonary symptoms who had received chest HRCT scans. All patients were genotyped for MUC5B rs35705950. After multiple logistic regression, a risk score based on independent risk factors for subclinical RA‐ILD was developed in the discovery population and tested for validation in the replication population.

Results

The discovery population included 163 patients with RA, and the replication population included 89 patients with RA. The prevalence of subclinical RA‐ILD was 19.0% and 16.9%, respectively. In the discovery population, independent risk factors for subclinical RA‐ILD were presence of the MUC5B rs35705950 T allele (odds ratio [OR] 3.74 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.37, 10.39]), male sex (OR 3.93 [95% CI 1.40, 11.39]), older age at RA onset (for each year, OR 1.10 [95% CI 1.04, 1.16]), and increased mean Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (for each unit, OR 2.03 [95% CI 1.24, 3.42]). We developed and validated a derived risk score with receiver operating characteristic areas under the curve of 0.82 (95% CI 0.70–0.94) for the discovery population and 0.78 (95% CI 0.65–0.92) for the replication population. Excluding MUC5B rs35705950 from the model provided a lower goodness of fit (likelihood ratio test, P = 0.01).

Conclusion

We developed and validated a risk score that could help identify patients at high risk of subclinical RA‐ILD. Our findings support an important contribution of MUC5B rs35705950 to subclinical RA‐ILD risk.
Cobalt Nanoparticles Embedded into Nitrogen‐doped Graphene with Abundant Macropores as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Rechargeable Zinc‐air Batteries
Authors: Wang Han , Chen Xinyu , Sun Tiantian , Li Yanwei , Lv Xiaoling , Li Yanhui , Wang Heng‐guo
Published: May 2022

Nitrogen doped carbon materials containing transition metal nanoparticles have attracted much attention as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts. In this paper, the template etching method is used to obtain the nitrogen‐doped graphene with abundant macropores embedded with cobalt nanoparticles (Co@N−C). The prepared Co@NC‐800 catalyst has a half‐wave potential (E1/2=0.835 V) close to Pt/C and good stability in excess of Pt/C for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). At the same time, the catalyst has good oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance. In addition, zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) based on the Co@NC‐800 catalyst show good cycle stability of up to 200000 s and high power density of 73.5 mW cm−2. The synergistic effect of the integrated component between nitrogen‐doped graphene and cobalt nanoparticles as well as the macroporous structure endow Co@NC‐800 with abundant exposed active sites and mass/electron transfer capacity, thus leading to the high electrocatalytic activity. This work shows potential for practical applications in electrochemistry.
Impact of aerosol concentration on elevation‐dependent warming pattern in the mountains of Nepal
Authors: Dhital Yam Prasad , Tang Jianwu , Pokharel Ashok Kumar , Tang Qiuhong , Rai Mukesh
Published: May 2022

Greater warming rates in the mountain areas (higher elevations) compared to other parts of the world have drawn the attention of the scientific community in recent years. In this study, we first analyzed elevation‐dependent warming (EDW) patterns based on maximum temperature trends along the south–north temperature gradients of Nepal and then focused on influencing factors of EDW. Nonparametric statistical test was used to identify the warming trend (1970–2016) in each meteorological station along the altitude gradients. Furthermore, aerosol optical depth data was used to observe aerosol concentrations in different seasons across Nepal. Overall, the EDW trend was found positive on the mean annual and seasonal cycle in the study area. It was observed that there was more significant positive correlation of warming rates with altitude below the middle parts of the Lower Hills while a less pronounced correlation above it. This different behavior is attributed to high aerosol concentration on the lower part of this region.
3D‐printed PMMA implant for gingival smile treatment through the VISTA technique: A report of a new approach
Authors: de Castro Luiz F. , de Andrade Patrícia F. , Leite Gabriel G. , de Andrade Ana Júlia S. , Valentim Gustavo L. , de Souza Ernani T.
Published: May 2022

Background

A gingival display higher than 3 mm is considered a characteristic of a gingival smile (GS). Several etiological factors have been associated to GS and for this reason various treatments have been proposed according to its etiology. The aim of this study is to present a case with an alternative technique to treat GS with minimally invasive vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access (VISTA) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) implants for lip repositioning.

Methods and Results

The patient, a 25‐year‐old woman diagnosed with excessive gingival exposure, had previously done botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections and did not like the result. She had a major subnasal depression and the upper lip would lodge in there during spontaneous smile. She was informed about all options of treatment and agreed to a lip repositioning installing a customized PMMA implant.

Conclusion

This is the first study to our knowledge to present a case with use of a PMMA implant associated with the VISTA approach for lip repositioning and gingival smile correction. The results are encouraging, and the patient was satisfied with results accomplished by this technique.

Key points

Why is this case new information?

This is a new and innovative surgical approach for gingival smile with PMMA implants through a minimally invasive technique (VISTA).

What are the keys to successful management of this case?

Well‐defined presurgical planning and the presence of the upper lip lodging in the subnasal depression during spontaneous smile.

What are the primary limitations to success in this case?

Cases with vertical maxillary excess and those in which osteotomy/osteoplasty is indicated.

It is a technique‐sensitive treatment dependent on the clinician's experience.
Assessment of Distribution and Diversity of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in the Most Prevalent Boraginaceae Species in Macedonia
Authors: Stefova Elena , Cvetanoska Marinela , Bogdanov Jane , Matevski Vlado , Stanoeva Jasmina Petreska
Published: May 2022

Systematic study of extraction efficiency of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and corresponding pyrrolizidine alkaloid N‐oxides (PANOs) from plant material for subsequent LC/MS analysis was carried out. The optimal extraction was achieved with methanol and one clean up step using SPE C18 column. With the optimized LC‐ESI‐MS/MS method using ion trap, the distribution and diversity of PAs and PANOs in plant material (leaves, flowers and stems) obtained from wild‐growing E. vulgare, E. italicum, S. officinale L., C. creticum and O. heterophylla species from Macedonia was assessed. These widespread Boraginaceae species contain various PAs and PANOs and 25 of them were identified. Based on these qualitative and quantitative analyses, the profiles of 1,2‐unsaturated PAs for each sample were obtained and their toxic potential was estimated. The toxic potential of O. heterophylla and C. creticum were assumed to be highest (containing up to 4753 mg/kg and 3507 mg/kg), followed by E. vulgare (up to 1340 mg/kg), S. officinale L. (up to 479 mg/kg) and E. italicum (up to 16 mg/kg). This method can be used for monitoring the inclusion of these secondary metabolites in the food chain in order to contribute in their risk management.
Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam. as a Source of Health Promoting Products: Metabolomic Profile, Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities
Authors: Cacciola Anna , D'Angelo Valeria , Raimondo Francesco M. , Germanò Maria Paola , Braca Alessandra , De Leo Marinella
Published: May 2022

The methanolic extract of the stem bark of a wild species of jujube, Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam., growing in Sicily, was chemically and biologically investigated. The chemical profile was defined by UHPLC‐HR‐ESI‐Orbitrap/MS analysis whereas antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities were investigated by in vitro assays. The extract showed a high total phenolic and flavonoid content (TPC=271.65 GAE/g and TFC=188.11 RE/g extract). Metabolomic analysis revealed a rich phytocomplex characterized by phenols, cyclopeptide alkaloids, and triterpenoid saponins, some of which here detected for the first time. The mushroom tyrosinase inhibition assay displayed that the methanolic extract efficiently inhibits the monophenolase and diphenolase activity. Furthermore, the extract showed a strong ability to scavenge DPPH, a good Fe3+ reducing antioxidant power, in addition to a Fe2+ chelating activity. Taken together, these results suggest possible novel applications of wild jujube stem bark as a source of potential skin‐care agents with several uses in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
Thermal Performance of Microencapsulated Phase‐Change Slurry in a Circular Tube for Heat Storage
Authors: Ran Fengming , Zhang Huan , Xu Changlu , Fang Guiyin
Published: May 2022

The Eulerian‐Eulerian model was used to simulate microencapsulated phase‐change slurry (MPCS) flowing in a circular pipe. The reliability of the model was verified by comparing the experimental data. The influences of inlet velocity, volume fraction, latent heat, microencapsulated phase‐change material (MPCM) particle size, and pipe wall heat flow on heat transfer properties of MPCS were quantitatively analyzed. The results indicated that the heat transfer coefficient between the MPCS and the wall surface can be improved by raising the inlet velocity and wall heat flow appropriately. With the increase of the volume fraction, reduction of particle size, and higher latent heat, the heat transfer coefficient between the MPCS and wall surface rises. Compared with water, the heat transfer coefficient of MPCS was larger.
The new approval for the sustainable strengthening of existing structures with carbon reinforced concrete
Authors: May Maximilian , Schumann Alexander , May Sebastian
Published: May 2022

The latest global events have shown that climate protection belongs to the biggest current issues of today. In order to initiate the change that is urgently needed, future‐oriented processes are required. The excessive use of resources and the associated CO2 emissions in the construction sector have reached levels that are harmful to the environment and will burden the future generations. Furthermore, a worrisome trend has emerged in the construction industry in recent years. Instead of preserving old and existing building structures, demolition and replacement construction is preferred. Environmental aspects or the historical value of monuments and listed buildings play no role, even though these are essential considerations of our time! How can we put an end to the waste of resources and destruction of local building history? With new and innovative materials—such as the high‐performance composite material carbon reinforced concrete, especially in the field of renovation and strengthening of existing structures. A new and improved approval enables to strengthen structures more efficiently and therefore, to save material. As a result, buildings are not only protected from demolition, but also remain being used sustainably.
A focus review on 3D printing of wearable energy storage devices
Authors: Zhu Yuxuan , Qin Jiadong , Shi Ge , Sun Chuang , Ingram Malaika , Qian Shangshu , Lu Jiong , Zhang Shanqing , Zhong Yu Lin
Published: May 2022

Three‐dimensional (3D) printing has gained popularity in a variety of applications, particularly in the manufacture of wearable devices. Aided by the large degree of freedom in customizable fabrication, 3D printing can cater towards the practical requirements of wearable devices in terms of light weight and flexibility. In particular, this focus review aims to cover the important aspect of wearable energy storage devices (WESDs), which is an essential component of most wearable devices. Herein, the topics discussed are the fundamentals of 3D printing inks used, the optimizing strategies in improving the mechanical and electrochemical properties of wearable devices and the recent developments and challenges of wearable electrochemical systems such as batteries and supercapacitors. It can be expected that, with the development of 3D printing technology, realization of the full potential of WESDs and seamless integration into smart devices also needs further in‐depth investigations.