bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tykhonov Well-Posedness and Convergence Results for Contact Problems with Unilateral Constraints
Authors: Sofonea Mircea , Shillor Meir
Published: December 2020

This work presents a unified approach to the analysis of contact problems with various interface laws that model the processes involved in contact between a deformable body and a rigid or reactive foundation. These laws are then used in the formulation of a general static frictional contact problem with unilateral constraints for elastic materials, which is governed by three parameters. A weak formulation of the problem is derived, which is in the form of an elliptic variational inequality, and the Tykhonov well-posedness of the problem is established, under appropriate assumptions on the data and parameters, with respect to a special Tykhonov triple. The proof is based on arguments on coercivity, compactness, and lower-semicontinuity. This abstract result leads to different convergence results, which establish the continuous dependence of the weak solution on the data and the parameters. Moreover, these results elucidate the links among the weak solutions of the different models. Finally, the corresponding mechanical interpretations of the conditions and the results are provided. The novelty in this work is the application of the Tykhonov well-posedness concept, which allows a unified and elegant framework for this class of static contact problems.
Effects of Dietary Ochratoxin A on Growth Performance and Intestinal Apical Junctional Complex of Juvenile Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
Authors: Liu Xin , Wu Pei , Jiang Wei-Dan , Liu Yang , Jiang Jun , Kuang Sheng-Yao , Tang Ling , Zhou Xiao-Qiu , Feng Lin
Published: December 2020

Ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination widely occurs in various feed ingredients and food crops, potentially posing a serious health threat to animals. In this research, 1260 juvenile grass carp were separately fed with seven distinct experimental diets (0, 406, 795, 1209, 1612, 2003 and 2406 µg of OTA/kg of diet) for 60 consecutive days to evaluate OTA’s toxic effect on the intestinal apical junctional complex (including the tight junction (TJ) and the adherents junction (AJ)) and the underlying action mechanisms. Our experiment firstly confirmed that OTA caused fish growth retardation and disrupted the intestinal structural integrity. The detailed results show that OTA (1) depressed the feed efficiency, percentage weight gain and specific growth rate; (2) accumulated in the intestine; (3) caused oxidative damage and increased intestinal permeability; and (4) induced the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway, destroying intestinal apical junctional complexes. Notably, OTA intervention did not result in changes in the gene expression of claudin-3c (in the proximal intestine (PI)), claudin-b and ZO-2b (in the mid intestine (MI) and distal intestine (DI)) in the fish intestine.
Virulence Factors Found in Nasal Colonization and Infection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates and Their Ability to Form a Biofilm
Authors: Machado Thamiris Santana , Pinheiro Felipe Ramos , Andre Lialyz Soares Pereira , Pereira Renata Freire Alves , Correa Reginaldo Fernandes , de Mello Gabriela Coutinho , Ribeiro Tainara Aparecida Nunes , Penna Bruno , Sachs Daniela , Aguiar-Alves Fábio
Published: December 2020

Hospitalizations related to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are frequent, increasing mortality and health costs. In this way, this study aimed to compare the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of MRSA isolates that colonize and infect patients seen at two hospitals in the city of Niterói—Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total of 147 samples collected between March 2013 and December 2015 were phenotyped and genotyped to identify the protein A (SPA) gene, the mec staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCCmec), mecA, Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL), icaC, icaR, ACME, and hla virulence genes. The strength of biofilm formation has also been exploited. The prevalence of SCCmec type IV (77.1%) was observed in the colonization group; however, in the invasive infection group, SCCmec type II was prevalent (62.9%). The Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), ST5/ST30, and ST5/ST239 analyses were the most frequent clones in colonization, and invasive infection isolates, respectively. Among the isolates selected to assess the ability to form a biofilm, 51.06% were classified as strong biofilm builders. Surprisingly, we observed that isolates other than the Brazilian Epidemic Clone (BEC) have appeared in Brazilian hospitals. The virulence profile has changed among these isolates since the ACME type I and II genes were also identified in this collection.
Impacts of the Invasive Seaweed Asparagopsis armata Exudate on Energetic Metabolism of Rock Pool Invertebrates
Authors: Silva Carla , Novais Sara , Soares Amadeu , Barata Carlos , Lemos Marco
Published: December 2020

The marine red algae Asparagopsis armata is an invasive species gaining competitive advantage by releasing large amounts of toxic compounds to the surrounding invaded area. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of this invasive seaweed on marine invertebrates by exposing the common prawn Palaemon elegans and the marine snail Gibbula umbilicalis to the exudate of this seaweed. The seaweed was collected and placed in a tank for 12 h in the dark in a 1:10 ratio. Afterwards the seawater medium containing the released secondary metabolites was collected for further testing. Lethal and sublethal effects of A. armata were investigated. Biochemical biomarker responses associated with energy metabolism (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH; electron transport system activity, ETS; lipid, protein and carbohydrate content) were analysed. The biomarker responses showed physiological status impairment of invertebrates after exposure to low concentrations of this algal exudate. The highest concentrations of exudate significantly increased lipid content in both organisms. In the shrimp, protein content, ETS, and LDH were also significantly increased. By contrast, these parameters were significantly decreased in G. umbilicalis. A behavioural impairment was also observed in G. umbilicalis exposed to A. armata exudate, reducing feeding consumption. These results represent an important step in the research of natural toxic exudates released to the environment and prospective effects of this seaweed in invaded communities under increasing global change scenarios.
African Swine Fever Virus Structural Protein p17 Inhibits Cell Proliferation through ER Stress—ROS Mediated Cell Cycle Arrest
Authors: Xia Nengwen , Wang Hui , Liu Xueliang , Shao Qi , Ao Da , Xu Yulin , Jiang Sen , Luo Jia , Zhang Jiajia , Chen Nanhua , Meurens François , Zheng Wanglong , Zhu Jianzhong
Published: December 2020

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly pathogenic large DNA virus that causes African swine fever (ASF) in domestic pigs and wild boars. The p17 protein, encoded by the D117L gene, is a major transmembrane protein of the capsid and the inner lipid envelope. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of p17 on cell proliferation and the underlying mechanisms of action. The effects of p17 on cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress have been examined in 293T, PK15, and PAM cells, respectively. The results showed that p17 reduced cell proliferation by causing cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Further, p17-induced oxidative stress and increased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Decreasing the level of ROS partially reversed the cell cycle arrest and prevented the decrease of cell proliferation induced by p17 protein. In addition, p17-induced ER stress, and alleviating ER stress decreased the production of ROS and prevented the decrease of cell proliferation induced by p17. Taken together, this study suggests that p17 can inhibit cell proliferation through ER stress and ROS-mediated cell cycle arrest, which might implicate the involvement of p17 in ASF pathogenesis.
Genomic Medicine and Advances in Vaccine Technology and Development in the Developing and Developed World
Authors: Cianci Rossella , Franza Laura
Published: December 2020

Vaccinations are one of the most effective public health measures available at present [...]
Growth and Collapse Dynamics of a Vapor Bubble near or at a Wall
Authors: Wang Huigang , Zhang Chengyu , Xiong Hongbing
Published: December 2020

This study investigated the dynamics of vapor bubble growth and collapse for a laser-induced bubble. The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was utilized, considering the liquid and vapor phases as the van der Waals (VDW) fluid and the solid wall as a boundary. We compared our numerical results with analytical solutions of bubble density distribution and radius curve slope near a wall and the experimental bubble shape at a wall, which all obtained a fairly good agreement. After validation, nine cases with varying heating distances (L2 to L4) or liquid heights (h2 to h10) were simulated to reproduce bubbles near or at a wall. Average bubble radius, density, vapor mass, velocity, pressure, and temperature during growth and collapse were tracked. A new recognition method based on bubble density was recommended to distinguish the three substages of bubble growth: (a) inertia-controlled, (b) transition, and (c) thermally controlled. A new precollapse substage (Stage (d)) was revealed between the three growth stages and collapse stage (Stage (e)). These five stages were explained from the out-sync between the bubble radius change rate and vapor mass change rate. Further discussions focused on the occurrence of secondary bubbles, shockwave impact on the wall, system entropy change, and energy conversion. The main differences between bubbles near and at the wall were finally concluded.
Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Carbon and Water FootPrints of Maize Production in Jilin Province, China
Authors: Jia Li , Qin Lijie , Zhang Huiyun , Wang Jianqin , Li Bo , Dang Yongcai
Published: December 2020

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and freshwater scarcity are central environmental concerns that are closely linked to crop production. The carbon footprint (CF) and water footprint (WF) of a crop can reflect the effects of crop production on GHG emissions and water use (WU), respectively. Studying the CFs and WFs associated with crop production will be conducive to understanding the environmental changes caused by agricultural activities, and exploring the relationship between CFs and WFs can provide a basis for strategies that reduce environmental pressures. We estimated the CF and WF of maize production in Jilin Province from 2004 to 2017 and analyzed their spatiotemporal characteristics. The results showed that the average CF and WF were 0.177 kg CO2eq/kg and 0.806 m3/kg from 2004 to 2017, respectively; 69% of the GHG emissions were due to the manufacture; transportation and application of fertilizer; and 84% of the water use was attributed to the green WF. The relationship between the CF and WF of maize production was significantly positive and indicated the possibility of simultaneous mitigation. Potential practices such as the optimization of fertilization and of agricultural machinery use and the incorporation of no-till technologies with the straw return are recommended to mitigate both GHG emissions and water use and achieve triple-win agriculture with low carbon use and water and energy savings
Digestate Liquid Fraction Treatment with Filters Filled with Recovery Materials
Authors: Piccoli Ilaria , Virga Giuseppe , Maucieri Carmelo , Borin Maurizio
Published: December 2020

Constructed wetlands (CWs) represent a green technology for digestate liquid fraction (DLF) treatment. However, previous research has warned about their performance when treating wastewater with high suspended solid and organic loads. In addition, the high NH4-N concentration typical of this wastewater can compromise vegetation establishment and activity. In view of this, a digestate pretreatment is needed. This study aimed to test the performance of filters filled with recovery materials, such as brick and refractory material, for DLF pretreatment. The effect on DLF physical (electrical conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature) and chemical (total nitrogen, ammonia–nitrogen, nitrate–nitrogen, total phosphorus, soluble phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand) characteristics was monitored during eight weekly cycles. The effect of filtration on total nitrogen and ammonia–nitrogen removal began after about one month of loading, suggesting that an activation period is necessary for bacteria. For effective N removal, the presence of multiple digestate recirculations per day through the filters appears mandatory to guarantee the alternation of nitrification and denitrification conditions. For P removal, filling material particle size appeared to be more important than its composition. Unclear performances were observed considering chemical oxygen demand. Further studies on filling media and microbial community interactions, and the long-term efficiency of filters, are desirable.
Irrigation Protocols in Different Water Availability Scenarios for ‘Crimson Seedless’ Table Grapes under Mediterranean Semi-Arid Conditions
Authors: Temnani Abdelmalek , Conesa María R. , Ruiz Manuel , López Juan A. , Berríos Pablo , Pérez-Pastor Alejandro
Published: December 2020

For three consecutive years (2015–2017), two deficit irrigation (DI) strategies were used in a 12-year old vineyard (cv. ‘Crimson Seedless’) to implement a sustainable irrigation protocol according to the available water for the farmer. Four different irrigation treatments were assessed: (i) Control (CTL), irrigated to satisfy the maximum crop water requirements throughout the entire growing season; two DI treatments irrigated as CTL except during post-veraison, when the vines were irrigated at 50% CTL: (ii) Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI); and (iii) Partial Root Drying (PRD), alternating the wet and dry sides of the root zone, and (iv) irrigated according to the criteria followed by the farmer (FARM), and conditioned by the availability of water each season. The DI strategies resulted in a 50% increase in water use efficiency in the first two years and 81% during the third year. Weekly deficit irrigation protocols are proposed, which specify a maximum difference of 0.22 MPa of midday stem water potential with respect to well-watered vines for a range of irrigation water availabilities between 4000 and 7000 m3 ha−1. An applied water prediction model based on the Gaussian regression using day of the year and maximum temperature of the day is also proposed.
Adsorption by Granular Activated Carbon and Nano Zerovalent Iron from Wastewater: A Study on Removal of Selenomethionine and Selenocysteine
Authors: Okonji Stanley Onyinye , Yu Linlong , Dominic John Albino , Pernitsky David , Achari Gopal
Published: December 2020

Selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenocysteine (SeCys) are the most common forms of organic selenium, which is often found in the effluent of industrial wastewater. These organic selenium compounds are toxic, bioavailable and most likely to bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms. This study investigated the use of two adsorbent candidates (granular activated carbon (GAC) and nano zerovalent iron (nZVI)) as treatment technologies for SeMet and SeCys removal. Batch experiments were performed and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used for sample analysis. Experimental data showed GAC demonstrated a higher affinity towards the removal of SeMet and SeCys compared to nZVI. The removal efficiency of SeCys and SeMet by GAC was 96.1% and 86.7%, respectively. NZVI adsorption capacity for SeCys was 39.4% and SeMet < 1.1%. Irrespective of the adsorbent, SeMet is more refractory to be adsorbed compared to SeCys. Kinetics data of GAC and nZVI agreed well with the pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.990). The experimental data of SeCys was characterized by Langmuir model, indicating monolayer adsorption. The adsorption capacity of nZVI for SeCys increased significantly by about 35%, with a decrease in pH from 9.0 to 4.0, indicating that SeCy removal by nZVI is pH dependent. While electrostatic attraction is considered the driving mechanism for nZVI adsorption, GAC uptake capacity is controlled by weak van der Waal forces. The adsorption of binary adsorbates (SeMet and SeCys) exhibited an inhibitory effect due to the competitive interaction between contaminant molecules.
Potential Sources of Ammonium-Nitrogen in the Coastal Groundwater Determined from a Combined Analysis of Nitrogen Isotope, Biological and Geological Parameters, and Land Use
Authors: Rusydi Anna Fadliah , Onodera Shin-Ichi , Saito Mitsuyo , Hyodo Fujio , Maeda Morihiro , Sugianti Khori , Wibawa Sunarya
Published: December 2020

The origin of ammonium-nitrogen in Indonesian coastal groundwater has not been intensively examined, meanwhile the elevated concentration remains a concern. This research aims at tracing the potential sources of ammonium-nitrogen in the groundwater of Indramayu, Indonesia where groundwater is vital for livelihood. From results, a combined examination of nitrogen isotope, coliform bacteria, land-use, and geology confirmed the natural and anthropogenic origins of ammonium-nitrogen in the groundwater. In the brackish-water aquaculture region, groundwater has δ15NNH4 values from +1.8 to +4.8‰ signifying that ammonium-nitrogen is derived from mineralization of organic nitrogen to ammonium. Furthermore, ammonium has a significantly positive relationship with sodium indicating the exchangeable ammonium is mobilized to groundwater via cation exchange. Meanwhile ammonium-nitrogen from anthropogenic waste was detected in agricultural and residential region. The groundwater has more varied δ15NNH4 values, from −2.9 to +16.1‰, which implies attenuation of ammonium-nitrogen from several sources namely manure, mineral fertilizer, sewage, and pit latrines. Also, the presence of E. coli confirms the indication of human and animal waste contamination. However, since ammonium has no relationship with sodium, cation exchange is not feasible and ammonium-nitrogen flows into the groundwater from anthropogenic sources along with liquid wastes.
Mahmûd Sâmî el-Bârûdî’nin Şiirinde Özlem
Authors: GÖÇEMEN Yakup
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışma, pek çok Arap edebiyatı eleştirmeninin Modern Mısır şiirinin öncüsü kabul ettiği Mahmûd Sâmî el-Bârûdî’nin şiirlerinde özlem konusunu ele almaktadır. Şiire karşı duyduğu özel ilgi ve doğal yeteneğe sahip olan el-Bârûdî, Abbâsî dönemi şairlerinin üslûplarını taklit etmiştir. Abbâsîlerden sonraki süreçte zayıflamaya yüz tutan Arap şiirinin şekil ve içerik bakımından yenilenmesi gerektiğini savunmuştur. Eski anlayıştan farklı olarak, şiirde edebî sanatlardan ziyade anlamı öne çıkaran ve toplumun duygu, düşünce ve sorunlarını konu edinen şiirler üreten Neo-Klasik akımı başlatmıştır. Şair kişiliğinin yanı sıra bir asker olduğu için “kalem ve kılıcın efendisi” lakabıyla anılan el-Bârûdî, ʻUrâbî isyanına katıldığı için Hidiv Tevfîk tarafından 1882 yılında Seylan’a sürgüne gönde-rilmiştir. Tasvir, gazel, hamâset, medîh, mersiye, zühd ve hikmet gibi türlerde şiirler kaleme alan şairin en etkili eserleri, vatanı ve sevdiklerinden uzaklarda 17 yıl geçirdiği sürgünde söylediği özlem yüklü şiirleridir. Özlem, el-Bârûdî’nin vatanı, ailesi, dostları, geçmişi ve sevgiliye duyduğu hasreti tüm içtenliğiyle mısralara döktüğü şiirlerde yoğun bir biçimde hissedilmektedir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Arap Dili Belâğatı, Şiir, Neo-Klasik, el-Bârûdî, Özlem.
The Implication of EMI Education for Graduates Employment Conditions
Authors: ALTAY Mehmet
Published: December 2020

The exponential growth of EMI is attributed to various factors depending on social differences. In the context of Turkey, the promising nature of EMI over the job prospects plays a significant role for students’ academic decisions. Turkish universities generally implement either full EMI or partial EMI. Previous studies have mainly addressed EMI at tertiary level and often failed to refer to the implications of it for graduates’ business lives. The aim of this current paper is to report the influence of different EMI types over four aspects of employment as: employment status of graduates, being employed in a subject-related field, being employed in a division-related field, and finally the duration of seeking for a job after graduation. The findings revealed that there is a significant difference between the graduates of the two EMI types regarding the first two, whereas there seems to have no difference in the latter aspects.
An overview of the Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union
Authors: Dr. Muhammad Tariq  , Amjad Ali Khan  , Ejaz Khan
Published: December 2020

The European Union comprises 27 countries that aim at carving out a separate foreign and security policy for their unification and singleness. The whole union is a symbol of unity and cohesiveness for which the theory of bargain provides the basic framework.  This article focuses on the elements of the European Union's external policy, the principles and policy of the European Union, the foreign policy, security strategy, and the common foreign and security policy coupled with the defense strategy of the European Union. It also aims at describing the coherence and consensus of the EU on all important measures with particular reference to foreign and security policy and importance in the world as a global actor.
Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe (Benefits And Bioactivity)
Authors: Silalahi Marina
Published: December 2020

Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe or temu putih is native plant in India,have been long cultivated in Indonesia. By the local commuities in Java, its havebeen used as component of the jamu and the traditional maedicine. This article isbased on literature offline and online media. Offline literature used the books, whereasonline media used Web, Scopus, Pubmed, and scientific journals. Based on astudy of ethnobotany Curcuma zedoaria used as medicine and spices. The mainof secondary metabolites of Curcuma zedoaria rhizomes are terpenoids esspeciallyseskuiterpenoid and monoterpenoid. Curcuma zedoaria have bioactivitiesas anticholesterol, anti tumor/ canker, anti inflamation, demam, antipiretik,analgesic dan anti microbial
Features of the Harvesting and Logging Equipment Market in Russia
Authors:   Petrozavodsk State University, Piskunov M.A.
Published: December 2020

Russian forest sector forms an attractive market for harvesting and logging equipment, however the position of Russian manufacturers is extremely weak. A brief overview of the current state of the market is presented with reference to the open sources. Its features are mentioned as compared to the road construction and agricultural machinery sectors. Three transnational companies dominate the Russian market of harvesting and logging equipment: John Deere, Ponsse and Komatsu. Most of the purchased equipment falls on machines for cut-tolength technology, such as harvester and forwarder. The market volume of new machines is estimated at 330–420 forwarders, 165–300 harvesters, about 30–40 feller bunchers and the same number of skidders. There were two waves in the consolidation of the position of foreign companies in Russia. The first was connected with the delivery of equipment and the development of foreign brands in Russia against the background of still high-profile positions of Russian manufacturers in the market. The second is the takeover of enterprises having a service network and reputation by diversified transnational corporations. The main strategies of the leading companies in the current situation are the export of equipment to Russia and the development of a service network. Companies do not turn to another level associated with the opening of production sites or joint ventures for the production of harvesting and logging machines. The Russian market is characterized by the absence of a strong Russian manufacturer of harvesting and logging machines, which is ready to significantly influence or actively participate in the processes of import substitution. The position of such a manufacturer is gradually occupied by the Belarusian Amkodor Holding. The purchase of new harvesting and logging machines can afford major timber companies. The main production sites of harvesting and logging machines are located in Finland, Sweden, USA, and Canada. In order to support forestry machine engineering, in addition to economic measures of stimulation approved in other sectors, it is proposed: to organize the work of scientific forest engineering centers on the base of public-private partnership with the financial support from the major vertically-integrated timber corporate groups; to stimulate the development of Russian sector-specific information technologies for harvesting and logging; to initiate the partnership with companies from the People’s Republic of China to launch the design and production of new-generation harvesting and logging machines.
Mathematical Modeling of the Bark Drying Process
Authors:   Cherepovets State University, Sinitsyn N.N. , Telin N.V.
Published: December 2020

Currently, a large amount of wood bark waste is generated at the timber processing enterprises of the Russian Federation, which is not widely used in industry and has a negative impact on the environment. One of the feasible directions for the processing of such waste is its burning in layered furnaces. However, tree bark, due to its high moisture content and extremely heterogeneous fractional composition, belongs to a low-energy, difficult-to-burn fuel. High humidity reduces the energy density of the bark. The extremely heterogeneous fractional composition of tree bark (linear dimensions of random bark chips can vary from millimeters to tens of centimeters) complicates the organization of the burning process. Effective utilization of tree bark is ensured when it is pre-dried to a moisture content of 55–60 % and the size of bark chips not exceeding 100 mm. The purpose of the presented work is to study the temperature field in a dense blown layer of high-moisture bark when drying it with high-temperature flue gases from boiler units. A mathematical model for heating the dense layer of high moisture tree bark has been developed based on the physics analysis. It was done taking into account the assessment of the bark dense layer thickness, which uses the method of calculating the aerodynamic resistance of a transversely blown layer to a gas flow. Numerical experiments were carried out in order to calculate the temperature fields during the heating of a single chip of high moisture tree bark located in the front part of the dense blown layer. The calculation data were compared with the results obtained using the developed model. A procedure that allows calculating the total duration of heating the wet material until the layer is completely dry, the time spent on heating the blown dense layer until the complete release of volatile substances, and the temperature fields in the bark layer and gas flow has been developed on the basis of mathematical modeling of the process of the dense layer heating and thermal preparation of high moisture tree bark for burning. A scheme for preparing high moisture tree bark for burning and a method for determining the characteristic parameters of a two-stage scheme of energy use of high moisture tree bark in layered furnaces of boilers and heat generators are proposed.
Improving the Stability of Wood-Cutting Saws by Thermoplastic Action on the Distribution of Residual Stresses in the Blade
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Melekhov V.I. , Solovev I.I. , Tyurikova T.V. , Ponomareva N.V.
Published: December 2020

The saw stability in operation defines the ability of the saw blade to resist the forces acting on it in the plane of greatest rigidity. The saw can work reliably only in case of maintaining stable balance, which is achieved through the creation of normalized residual stresses in certain zones of the saw blade by different methods. The stresses balance the forces of external influences. Compressive stresses are created in the central part of the blade to make the circular saw operational. These stresses compensate the forces of centrifugal acceleration, temperature heating of individual zones of the saw blade, external longitudinal and transverse bending forces arising in material processing. In practice, the creation of normalized stresses in the saw disk is traditionally carried out only by local mechanical contact action (forging, rolling) of the saw blade tool on the steel saw blade. It is proposed to form the stressed state of the disk by thermophysical action instead of the traditional mechanical processing of the saw blade. The thermophysical action involves the creation of normalized residual stresses in the saw blade by the concentrated thermal exposure to local differently directed narrow-band zones of straight or deflected shape, mainly radial or along concentric traces, controlling the process in real time. A new approach to the formation of residual stress fields in the saw blade by thermoplastic action enables to radically change the settingup procedure of the circular saw, ensuring its stability in operation.
Accounting and Control as Mechanisms for Solving Economic Problems as Viewed by Russian Citizens of the Perestroika Era (Based on the Analysis of Letters to the Authorities)
Authors:   Ryazan State University named for S. Yesenin, Popova Ol’ga D.
Published: December 2020

This article deals with the public attitude toward the economic reforms of 1989–1990, specifically, the citizens’ suggestions on how to improve the country’s economy. The author analyses previously unpublished letters written by Russian citizens and addressed to the country’s leaders (Boris Yeltsin and Mikhail Gorbachev) or sent to Soviet newspapers. To investigate people’s mental attitudes, the article focuses not only on social polling, but also on emotions, feelings, and thoughts shared by the letterwriters. The author of this article maintains that many citizens feared that the country would be swept away by the avalanche of capitalism and were prejudiced against perestroika-induced innovations. Habitual mental attitudes were undermined by the cooperative movement and private entrepreneurship. Various unrealistic and paradoxical suggestions were not infrequently made by the letter-writers who knew very little, if anything, about market economy. The majority of people suggested that command economy with its bureaucratic flavour should be improved. The analysis shows that Russian citizens’ mental attitudes were predominantly shaped by the notion of a bipolar world, as well as by Vladimir Lenin’s teaching about the socialist state and its role in the accounting and control over the Soviet state. The letters demonstrate that Russian citizens hoped to upgrade the Soviet economy through improvements introduced into the system of accounting and control, through harsher regulatory measures imposed on the economic system, as well as through rationing and strictly supervised distribution of goods. Many people believed that socialism was inviolable and that the Soviet economy could be improved by means of administrative reforms.
Studying the History of the State Control in the Russian Empire During the Period of the Duma Monarchy
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Chen Ziqiu
Published: December 2020

After the establishment of constitutional monarchy in Russia as a result of the 1905–1906 reforms, the position of the Russian State Control (imperial audit service) changed. Formerly relatively independent, the State Control, whose head was directly accountable to the Emperor, now found itself in the united government, i.e. the Council of Ministers. The undermined independence of the State Control provoked a wide public discussion, which involved Duma deputies, employees of the State Control as well as competent Russian economists and financial experts, who made relevant recommendations calling for reducing the number of state institutions that were unaccountable to the audit service and giving the latter more independence. This paper analyses the key works of pre-revolutionary authors published in the early 20th century and devoted to the history of the State Control of the Russian Empire. Both in the imperial period and today, the Russian audit institution, in contrast with political, historical and military topics, has been of primary interest not to historians, but to economists, financiers and lawyers, since it requires special knowledge of the State Control’s technical mechanisms. Based on this, the author selected the following works that require thorough examination: How People’s Money Is Spent in Russia by I.Kh. Ozerov, On the Transformation of the State Control by Yu.V. Tansky, an official anniversary edition State Control. 1811–1911, and Essays on the Russian Budget Law. Part 1 by L.N. Yasnopolsky. The author of this article considers these works to be the highest quality studies on the Russian State Control at the beginning of the 20th century and their analysis to be of unquestionable importance for contemporary research into the history of the Russian audit institution.
Logos and Prosthesis: Bernard Stiegler’s Theory of Tertiary Memory
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Podoroga Boris V.
Published: December 2020

This article discusses the relationship between the concepts of writing and tertiary memory in Bernard Stiegler’s philosophy of technology. It is demonstrated that tertiary memory, being a process of sensuality exteriorization (espacement) that defines the specifics of human existence, is almost identical to Derrida’s writing. Tertiary memory is expressed in everything that falls under the rubric “record”, from the most primitive tools to socio-political institutions and cybernetic technologies. Unlike Derrida, Stiegler believed that tertiary memory is most clearly expressed in material and technical objects. As an example the paper takes Stiegler’s critical analysis of Husserl’s phenomenology and Martin Heidegger’s existential ontology. Stiegler shows that in Husserl’s phenomenology, tertiary memory is represented by tertiary retention (determining a set of symbols, signs and images that implicitly constitute phenomenological experience), while in Heidegger’s philosophy, by the world-historical, determining the objective historical heritage of humankind, without which, as Stiegler demonstrates, there can be no existential experience. Further, the article discusses Stiegler’s thesis about historical and ontological duality of tertiary memory, containing both creative and destructive potential. Referring to Derrida, Stiegler shows that technics should be understood as what Plato called pharmakon, meaning a substance that can be both poison and remedy. This thesis defines the contemporary problem of lacking reflexion of the above-mentioned structural technical duality, which leads to excessive instrumentalization of the technics and its destructive effect on humans, similar to that during the time of Greek sophists.
Factors Affecting Grain Storage Processes On Quality Indicators
Authors:   Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan, Ikromovich Mamatojiev Sharip , Azamovna Mirzaeva Mutabar ,   Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan, Abdusamadovna Xadyatullaeva Nafisa ,   Assistant, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan
Published: December 2020

In practice, the durability of the combine harvester is of great importance because during this period the seeds acquire a conditioning character during cultivation and meet the requirements of state standards for sowing quality. Technological longevity is a term in which baking, fodder or technical properties must be preserved during the grain harvesting period. For cereal or polluting mixtures in accordance with current standards, seeds of wild plants and some cultivated plants that belong to them breathe during storage, they undergo the last ripening processes from the collection and bruising under certain conditions. These include all the patterns and features inherent in the main type of culture that makes up the grain mass.
Періодична кулонівська динаміка двох рівних від’ємних зарядів у полі фіксованих шістьох рівних додатних зарядів
Authors: Skrypnyk V. I.
Published: December 2020

УДК 517.9Знайдено періодичні розв'язки -вимірних рівнянь руху Кулона двох від'ємних точкових однакових зарядів у полі шістьох однакових додатних точкових зарядів, зафіксованих у вершинах опуклого симетричного шестикутника та октаедра. Ці системи мають рівноважний стан. Періодичні розв'язки отримано за допомогою центральної теореми Ляпунова.
Plant growth promoting characteristics and stress tolerance of yeasts isolated from Algerian agricultural soils
Authors: F.N. Bilek , M. A. Rezki , C. Grondin , N. Yahia , A Bekki
Published: December 2020

Soil is an important microbial reservoir and studies on soil-plant-microorganism interactions have been particularly interested in bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi roles in soil bio-fertilization unlike yeasts, which remain very little studied. In this context, isolations of various yeast strains have been made from the rhizosphere of different legumes. The molecular taxonomy of the nine isolated strains revealed that they belong to the following three genera: Meyerozyma guillieromondii, Debaryomyces hansenii and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. These strains, alongside a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain considered as a reference strain in this work, have been the subject of a study for tolerance to the most encountered stresses in the Algerian biotope mainly salinity, temperature and pH. The latter was carried out on two media (rich medium and minimum medium) where the maximum tolerance reached by certain strains of yeast was 2.1M for salinity and 42°C for temperature. Regarding the pH, the isolated strains for the most part showed a preference for the alkaline pH. The second part of this work was devoted to the demonstration of the PGP (Plant Growth Promoting) function of these strains by studying the following characters: IAA, zinc solubilization, production of NH3, catalase, protease and phosphorus solubilization. Indeed, the vast majority of studied yeasts have at least five of the six PGP characters tested. These results allowed us to select five strains for a study of their PGP effects on the legume Phaseolus vulgaris and this with the aim of using them in soil biofertilization.
Необходимые и достаточные условия сопряженности регулярных гомеоморфизмов Смейла
Authors: Zhuzhoma Evgenii Viktorovich , Medvedev Vladislav Sergeevich
Published: December 2020

Рассматривается класс регулярных гомеоморфизмов Смейла, неблуждающее множество которых состоит из конечного числа периодических орбит, имеющих гиперболический тип, на замкнутых топологических многообразиях. Этот класс содержит диффеоморфизмы Морса-Смейла на замкнутых гладких многообразиях. Для регулярных гомеоморфизмов Смейла приводятся необходимые и достаточные условия сопряженности.
Библиография: 26 названий.
Критические процессы Гальтона-Ватсона со счетным множеством типов частиц и бесконечными вторыми моментами
Authors: Vatutin Vladimir Alekseevich , Dyakonova Elena Evgen'evna , Topchii Valentin Alekseevich
Published: December 2020

Рассматривается неразложимый ветвящийся процесс Гальтона-Ватсона со счетным множеством типов частиц. Предполагая, что процесс является критическим, а частицы некоторых (или всех) его типов могут иметь бесконечную дисперсию числа непосредственных потомков, мы описываем асимптотическое поведение вероятности невырождения процесса и доказываем условную предельную теорему ягломовского типа о распределении бесконечномерного вектора числа частиц всех типов. Библиография: 20 названий.
Adaptation and Perception of Online Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic by Albanian University Students
Authors: Xhelili Paola , Ibrahimi Eliana , Rruci Erinda , Sheme Kristina
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study is to evaluate the perceptions and challenges of Albanian students during online learning carried out due to COVID-19 pandemic. The students were invited via email to give their perception of ongoing online learning. Responses were obtained from 627 college students from various study fields, such as natural, medical, and life sciences. The results showed that students had a more positive attitude towards the classroom learning environment. The main challenges that students faced were the unavailability of internet connection and the lack of technology devices. Students enrolled in technology-based programs and also those with high academic performance were more comfortable and satisfied with online classes (p<0.001). The % of students who preferred the learning process be continued in the classroom was higher than those who preferred online education or a combination of both on-campus and online learning environments (p<0.001). Students firmly state that online learning cannot replace the classroom. The findings suggested that Albanian students are not familiar enough with technology-based education. Online teaching must be integrated gradually into Albanian education depending also on students’ characteristics. The learning process must be effectively organized by professors, taking into account students’ dissatisfactions and difficulties with e-learning and considering the overall limitations of this method.
Concerns and confidences expressed by teaching staff about the shift of medical education to online mode in South India during the COVID 19 pandemic
Authors: Rafi Aboobacker Mohammed , Varghese Pulikkottil Raphael , Kuttichira Praveenlal
Published: December 2020

Background: Online education is prevalent in the country since the beginning of the 21st century. The outbreak of COVID-19, the government declared lockdown, and subsequent closing of institutions was unexpected, and it forced medical colleges to launch online programs for undergraduate courses. Due to the sudden shifting to online mode, most teaching staff members face the challenges of lacking online teaching experience, early preparation, or support from educational technology teams. This institution was in touch with the teachers and students through online mode, enquiring about their welfare and wellness. The present study focuses on concerns and confidences presented by the medical teaching staff on online medical education. 

Method: This study was conducted at Jubilee Mission Medical College & Research Institute, a medical college in central Kerala in south India. This institution conducted online classes for undergraduate (UG) medical students through Google classroom and YouTube platforms. There was 186 teaching staff from 21 departments involved in undergraduate (MBBS) teaching in this Institute. In this study, we collected information from the teaching staff about the online classes that they handled. A 27-point survey form was designed using a Google survey and mailed to them. The responses were collected in a week. The data collected was analyzed.

Result: Fifty-one members responded. All responding teachers preferred regular classroom teaching due to the provision for better teacher-student interaction. However, one-third of respondents wanted the continuation of online classes, even after resuming classroom teaching. Out of 51 responses, 24 teachers graded the success of the programs more than 90%. The major suggestions received for further improvement of the program were that the departments provided their hardware and software, centralized online sessions for practical purposes, and collected regular feedback from students.

Conclusion: The successes of our online teaching programs were limited to didactic teaching only. It could not replace the actual patient examination in a clinical setting, which involves communication skills and emotional relationships. This adversary must be converted into an opportunity to develop e-learning programs. This pandemic should open our eyes, so we learn from it and be better prepared for the future.
On the Art of Afzali’s Majma ‘U-L-Masoil
Authors:   PhD Student, Academy of Sciences, Republic of Uzbekistan State Museum of Literature, UZBEKISTAN, Gulomova Hilola Azizovna
Published: December 2020

This article deals with the arts used in the work “Majma’u-l-masoil” created by Afzali, who lived and worked in Central Asia in the XVIII, the article also analyzes for the first time the verbal arts used in this work, such as tajnis, tavze’, tarse’ and ishtiqoq, and the spiritual arts such as iltifot, ta’did, jam and taqsim, tanosub, mutobaqa and quote.
Humas dalam Perspektif Manajemen Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Rizal Saiful
Published: December 2020

Public Relations or in the Indonesian language known as public relations and abbreviated as PR has an important role in improving quality that leads to the progress of an institution as well as educational institutions. An understanding of public relations is often associated with Western theories regardless of the values ​​contained in them. whereas in Islam all theories that provide an understanding of public relations are clear, even the Qur'an comprehensively has provided universal and dynamic guidelines. In addition, Hadith as the second source of law after the Qur'an also shows exemplary values ​​that are the guideline in conducting public relations. The principles, rules, and ethics contained in both of them about public relations will provide more value so that understanding and developing Western theories that are rooted can be replaced. Especially in an Islamic educational institution, at least in implementing the concept of relations, the community adheres to the principles that exist in the Qur'an and the hadith of Prophet Muhammad SAW so that what can become a common goal is achieved.
Genurile romanului românesc (1901-1932). O analiză cantitativă
Authors: Terian Andrei , Gârdan Daiana , Modoc Emanuel , Borza Cosmin , Varga Dragoș , Olaru Ovio , Morariu David
Published: December 2020

Combining the instruments of quantitative analysis with those of genre theory, the present article studies the ratio, characteristics, and tendencies underpinning the most important subgenres of the Romanian novel between 1901 and 1932. Among these subgenres, we lay special emphasis on those of popular fiction, on the social, historical, sentimental, psychological, and philosophical novel, as well as on the so-called “event novel”. The conclusions of our inquiry illustrate the ever-growing divide between artistic literature and popular fiction, the recasting of the Romanian novelistic subgenres during the early 20th century, and the gradual relocation of the novelists’ focus from the unmediated depiction of events towards the world and the individual self.