bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of (±)-3,4-dimethoxybenzyl-4-methyloctanoate as a novel internal standard for capsinoid determination by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS(QTOF)
Authors: Fayos O , Barbero GF , Savirón M , Orduna J , Durán AG , Palma M , Molinillo JMG , Macías FA , Barroso CG , Mallor C , Garcés-Claver A
Published: February 2018

Capsinoids exhibit health-promoting properties and are therefore compounds of interest for medical and food sciences. They are minor compounds present in relatively high concentrations in only a few number of pepper cultivars. It is desirable to quantify capsinoids to provide selected cultivars with high capsinoid contents, which can then be employed as health food product. Quantifying low concentrations of capsinoids from pepper fruit requires a precise and selective analytical technique such as HPLC coupled to electrospray ionization - mass spectrometry, with development of an internal standard essential. In this work, the synthesis method of a novel compound analogue of capsinoids, the (±)-3,4-dimethoxybenzyl-4-methyloctanoate, which could be a suitable internal standard for capsinoid determination by electrospray ionization - mass spectrometry is described.

(±)-3,4-dimethoxybenzyl-4-methyloctanoate was stable under the analysis conditions and exerted chemical and physical properties similar to those of capsinoids. This internal standard will provide an accurate capsinoid determination by electrospray ionization - mass spectrometry, thus facilitating the pepper breeding programs, screening pepper cultivars and a better understanding of capsinoid biosynthetic pathway.
Determination of the country of origin of true mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) wood in five Latin American countries using handheld NIR devices and multivariate data analysis
Authors: Silva Diego C. , Pastore Tereza C.M. , Soares Liz F. , de Barros Filipe A.S. , Bergo Maria C.J. , Coradin Vera T.H. , Gontijo Alexandre Bahia , Sosa Mirna Herrera , Chacón Cesar Beltetón , Braga Jez W.B.
Published: February 2018

A rapid and reliable identification of the country of origin of protected timbers is one of the measures for combating illegal logging. Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) trees are distributed from Mexico to Bolivia and the Brazilian Amazon and are included in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been proven to be a promising technique for calibration based and rapid species identification. There are only a few studies concerning the origin determination of mahogany wood. The present study is dedicated to trace back mahogany wood from Bolivia, Brazil, Guatemala, Mexico and Peru by means of two different handheld NIR spectrometers. The spectra were obtained directly from the wood samples, and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) and partial least squares for discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were developed for data evaluation. The SIMCA model was efficient and 67–100% and 70–98% of the origins were identified based on the spectral ranges from 1595 to 2396 nm and 950 to 1650 nm, respectively. The best results were obtained by the PLS-DA approach, in which the efficiency rates (EFR) vary from 90 to 100% with both spectrometers. In summary, both instruments were highly effective and are suitable for preliminary identification of the country of origin for mahogany wood.
Mitochondrial contributions to neuronal development and function
Authors: Princz Andrea , Kounakis Konstantinos , Tavernarakis Nektarios
Published: February 2018

Mitochondria are critical to tissues and organs characterized by high-energy demands, such as the nervous system. They provide essential energy and metabolites, and maintain Ca2+balance, which is imperative for proper neuronal function and development. Emerging findings further underline the role of mitochondria in neurons. Technical advances in the last decades made it possible to investigate key mechanisms in neuronal development and the contribution of mitochondria therein. In this article, we discuss the latest findings relevant to the involvement of mitochondria in neuronal development, placing emphasis on mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics. In addition, we survey the role of mitochondrial energy metabolism and Ca2+homeostasis in proper neuronal function, and the involvement of mitochondria in axon myelination.
Effect of Drying on the Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Rubus lambertianus
Authors: Yu Jun , Shangguan Zijian , Yang Xingju , Sun Dan , Zhu Baoqing , Ouyang Jie
Published: February 2018

Different drying methods, including hot air drying (HAD), freeze drying (FD), spray drying and vacuum drying (VD), were investigated to determine their influence on the chromatic coordinates, phenolics, anthocyanins and antioxidant activities of dried red raspberry (Rubus lambertianus). Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside and catechin were found to be the main anthocyanin and non-anthocyanin phenolics, respectively, in fresh red raspberry. The most effective method for controlling browning was FD. The highest protective effects against bioactive compounds were observed in freeze-dried powders, when measuring the total anthocyanins, the scavenging of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and hydroxyl radicals and the inhibition effects on lard oxidation. HAD was effective for the preservation of total phenolics, while VD was useful for protecting catechin and procyanidin B1.
Optimising crowdsourcing efficiency: Amplifying human computation with validation
Authors: Chamberlain Jon , Kruschwitz Udo , Poesio Massimo
Published: February 2018

Crowdsourcing has revolutionised the way tasks can be completed but the process is frequently inefficient, costing practitioners time and money. This research investigates whether crowdsourcing can be optimised with a validation process, as measured by four criteria: quality; cost; noise; and speed. A validation model is described, simulated and tested on real data from an online crowdsourcing game to collect data about human language. Results show that by adding an agreement validation (or a like/upvote) step fewer annotations are required, noise and collection time are reduced and quality may be improved.
Collective organization of discourse expertise using information technology – CODE IT!
Authors: Paul Katharina T.
Published: February 2018

This paper offers a short report on a participatory citizen science project and offers some reflections on the lessons learned. In particular, we report on our aims and methods, and the development and use of a web application that we designed to enable a collective analysis of press releases allowing a high number of users. Specifically, we give a brief account of the HTML- and PHP-based platform, which was used to analyze and review press releases on a controversial vaccine.
Review on effect of chemical, thermal, additive treatment on mechanical properties of basalt fiber and their composites
Authors: Jain Naman , Singh Vinay Kumar , Chauhan Sakshi
Published: February 2018

Basalt fiber is emerging out the new reinforcing material for composites. To overcome some of the disadvantages of fibers such as poor bonding to polymers, low thermal stability and high moisture absorption fiber characteristics are modified with chemical, thermal and additive treatments. Chemical treatment corrosive resistance to alkali and acid were investigated which were used to clean and modify the surface of fiber for higher bonding with resins. To improve the thermal stability and reduce moisture uptake thermal treatment such as plasma and non thermal plasma were used which increased the surface roughness and change the chemical composition of surface of basalt fiber. Additive treatment is used to improve the mechanical properties of fibers, in basalt fiber additive treatment was done with SiO2 additive because of its chemical composition which contains major content of SiO2. In present investigation review on the effect of different treatment such as chemical, thermal and additive were studied. Effect of these treatment on chemical composition of the surface of basalt fiber and corrosion to acidic and alkali solution were studied with their effect on mechanical properties of basalt fiber and their composite.
Word problems and make-believe: Using frame analysis and ethnomethodology to explore aspects of the culture of schooling
Authors: Benincasa Luciana
Published: February 2018

The paper applies Goffman’s frame analysis and ethnomethodology to student performance on mathematical word problems. In educational research, frame analysis has usually been limited to primary frames. Instead, in this paper I focus on the kind of secondary frame that Goffman calls ‘utilitarian make-believe’. The data consist of a fragment of verbal interaction between a teacher and a 12-year-old pupil during an oral mathematics exam. By evoking the idea of ‘as-ifness’, word problems introduce pupils to a make-believe world. The text consists only of ‘filler words’ because what really matters are the figures. Word problems and possibly other aspects of schooling can be interpreted in terms of a utilitarian make-believe key. Readiness to adopt this make-believe frame when required may be the difference between school success and failure. I argue that maths achievement takes more than just ‘being good with numbers’. It is a joint enterprise of people interacting within a culturally-shaped setting, organized so as to make some phenomena stand out rather than others. Finally, I argue that ‘word problems and possibly other ‘school genres’ could be added to the list of utilitarian make-believe frames provided by Goffman.
Review of Cryptographic Schemes applied to Remote Electronic Voting systems: remaining challenges and the upcoming post-quantum paradigm
Authors: Marcos del Blanco David Yeregui , Panizo Alonso Luis , Hermida Alonso Jose Angel
Published: February 2018

The implantation of Remote Electronic Voting (REV) systems to Electoral Processes is happening at a slower pace than anticipated. One of the relevant factors explaining that reality is the lack of studies about the Cryptographic Schemes and Primitives applied to the existing REV solutions. In this paper, the authors review the main cryptographic schemes applied to date, as well as the most relevant Post Quantum research in the field. The aim is twofold: contribute to clarify the strengths and weaknesses of each scheme as well as expose the remaining challenges, as a necessary step towards a broader introduction of REV solutions in binding elections.
Color Doppler Ultrasound in Uterine Arterial Embolization
Authors: Jinhe Ren
Published: February 2018

Objective

To observe and analyze the effect of color doppler ultrasonography (CDU) in uterine arterial embolization (UAE).

Methods

160 cases of patients with uterine fibroid were selected in this study. CDU were performed on all patients before UAE as well as 5-9 days and 3- 6 months after UAE, so as to observe the shape, size and ultrasonogram of the uterus and uterine fibroid, and the blood flow changes of the uterine fibroid. In addition, analysis was carried out on the improvement of the clinical symptoms 3 months to 6 months after UAE.

Results

5-9 days and 3-6 months after UAE, the blood flow of uterine fibroid was significantly reduced or even disappeared, with P <0.05; according to the observation carried out 3-6 months after UAE, irregular menstruation and uterine fibroid compression were significantly relieved; the uterine size and the uterine fibroid volume were significantly decreased;high-level echo was generated inside of the uterine fibroid, which was then gradually reduced into slightly higher echo, equal echo and low echo. High-level echo was found around the uterine fibroid.

Conclusion

It is safe and reliable for the patients with symptomatic uterine fibroid to take UAE. The application of CDU can also provide a good basis and has great significance.
Effects of out-of-hospital continuing nursing on schizophrenia patients' rehabilitation and quality of life
Authors: Ye Maoting , Guo Jia , Song Caiping , Zheng Feiyu
Published: February 2018

Objective

This paper aims to explore specific effects of out-of-hospital continuing nursing on schizophrenia patients’ health rehabilitation and quality of life, and further improve application and popularization of out-of-hospital continuing nursing.

Methods

The 180 schizophrenia patients discharged from our hospital from March 2014 to March 2016 were selected as the subjects. The patients were divided into two groups according to the randomized double-blind method. Both groups received routine discharge guidance, and the observation group received out-of-hospital continuing nursing on this basis. Questionnaires and scales were used to compare differences of the two groups after discharge from hospital, such as medication compliance, recurrence rate of schizophrenia, awareness of health knowledge and quality of life.

Results

After 6 months of nursing for the observation group, complete medication compliance rate was 71.11% (64/90), awareness rate of schizophrenia-related health knowledge was 96.67% (87/90), and recurrence rate was 8.89% (8/90). For the control group, complete medication compliance rate was 45.56% (41/90), awareness rate of schizophrenia-related knowledge was 46.67% (42/90) and the recurrence rate of disease was 26.67% (24/90). Hence, the observation group enjoys significant advantages compared with the control group. Statistical analysis (P <0.05) showed statistical significance; In addition, life quality scores showed that the quality of life of the observation group was obviously better than the control group; the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).

Conclusion

Out-of-hospital continuing nursing for schizophrenia patients after discharge can effectively improve medication compliance, awareness rate of health knowledge, effectively reduce incidence of schizophrenia and improve the quality of life of patients. Thus, the nursing concept and related methods are worthy of publicity and application in a wider range.
Crystal structure of tetrakis(μ2-acetato-κ2
O:O′)-bis{[(E)-2,6-diisopropyl-N-(pyridin-3-ylmethylene)aniline]copper (II)}, C44H56Cu2N4O8
Authors: Njogu Eric M. , Omondi Bernard , Nyamori Vincent O.
Published: February 2018

C44H56Cu2N4O8, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.1061(10) Å, b = 20.5117(17) Å, c = 9.8185(9) Å, β = 101.302(2)°, V = 2193.27(15) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0283, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0753, T = 100 K.
What is Pythagorean in the Pseudo-Pythagorean Literature?
Authors: Zhmud Leonid
Published: February 2018

This paper discusses continuity between ancient Pythagoreanism and the pseudo-Pythagorean writings, which began to appear after the end of the Pythagorean school ca. 350 BC. Relying on a combination of temporal, formal and substantial criteria, I dividePseudopythagoricainto three categories: 1) early Hellenistic writings (late fourth – late second centuries BC) ascribed to Pythagoras and his family members; 2) philosophical treatises written mostly, yet not exclusively, in pseudo-Doric from the turn of the first century BC under the names of real or fictional Pythagoreans; 3) writings attributed to Pythagoras and his relatives that continued to appear in the late Hellenistic and Imperial periods. I will argue that all three categories of pseudepigrapha contain astonishingly little that is authentically Pythagorean.
Usability of dielectric properties for evaluation and research of deconsolidation of endless fiber-reinforced thermoplastics
Authors: Mattner Tobias , Drummer Dietmar
Published: February 2018

Understanding the deconsolidation behavior of endless fiber-reinforced thermoplastics is essential for reliable predictions of parts behavior and advancements in the corresponding processing technologies. Deconsolidation is usually described by an increasing void ratio of the part volume arising due to fiber relaxation effects, which can strongly affect the mechanical performance. Most methods for measuring the degree of deconsolidation are destructive and require long testing or preparation times. As the dielectric permittivity of a material is usually proportional to its porosity, often reported in foam-related research, dielectric measurements are evaluated as a nondestructive alternative to identify the degree of deconsolidation of endless fiber-reinforced thermoplastics. Polypropylene and glass-woven–based organo-sheets are deconsolidated and density measurements are compared with dielectric measurements for their effect strength and measurement deviations. A relative permittivity in the range of 5–20 MHz was found to allow for a proper differentiation of different degrees of deconsolidation with a ratio of measurement deviation to sample deviation of 26.31% for a single-layer composite (42.96% for a four-layer composite). Additional research is required to identify all relevant influences and to further qualify the method for the research of the deconsolidation behavior or quality control.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study of the Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular Anterior Teeth in Serbian Population
Authors: Popovic Milica , Papic Milos , Zivanovic Suzana , Acovic Aleksandar , Loncarevic Slobodan , Ristic Vladimir
Published: February 2018

The aim of this study is to describe the morphological characteristics, the number of roots and number of root canals of mandibular central incisors, lateral incisors and canines, and the relationship of these characteristics with the sex and the jaw side where the tooth is located, in the Serbian population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

CBCT images of a total of 902 mandible front teeth, including 296 central incisors, 294 lateral incisors and 312 canines were analyzed in the database. For assessing the morphology of the root canal, Vertucci method of classification was used.

Central incisors had two canals in 27%, similar as lateral incisor which had two canals in 26.5%. Mandibular canines had two canals in 7.1% and there was a significant difference between genders. The most prevalent root canal configuration type in all mandibular anterior teeth was type I. In the groups of mandibular incisors with two root canals the most common was type III. In the group of mandibular canines with two root canals, type V had the greatest occurrence.

Most mandibular anterior teeth had one root canal. Two root canals were found in 27% of the mandibular incisors. There is a significant difference in root morphology between genders. It is important for dental practitioner to expect different morphological variations when performing endodontic treatment. More studies are needed to further define morphological characteristics of roots of mandibular anterior teeth in Serbian population.
Prescription of opioids to post-operative orthopaedic patients at time of discharge from hospital: a prospective observational study
Authors: Ho Edward , Doherty Matthew , Thomas Robert , Attia John , Oldmeadow Christopher , Clapham Matthew
Published: February 2018

Background and aims:

Excessive opioid prescribing can lead to adverse consequences including stockpiling, misuse, dependency, diversion and mortality. Increased prescriptions to post-operative inpatients as part of their discharge planning may be a significant contributor. Primary aims included comparing the amount of opioids prescribed, consumed, left unused and their relationship with pain and functionality.

Methods:

A total of 132 consecutive patients who underwent elective orthopaedic surgery were prospectively audited. Daily oral morphine equivalent (DME) of opioids prescribed was compared with opioids consumed and amount left unused 7–10 days after discharge. For analysis, patients were split into three groups: total knee replacement (TKR), hand surgery (Hands), and miscellaneous (Misc).

Results:

The mean dose of opioid prescribed per patient was 108.5 mg DME. TKR consumed 33–35% more opioids than Misc (p=0.0283) and Hands (p=0.0975). Age was a significant independent factor for opioid consumption in the 50th and 75th percentiles of Hands (p≤0.05). An average of 36 mg DME per patient was left unused with Hands having the highest median DME (37 mg) unused. In the total cohort, 26% of patients were discharged with more DME than their last 24 h as an inpatient and had at least 50% of their tablets left unused at follow-up.

Conclusions:

Over-prescription of opioids occurs at discharge which can increase the risk of harm. New intervention is needed to optimise prescribing practises.

Implications:

Changes to prescribing habits and workplace culture are required to minimise unnecessary opioid prescribing but will be challenging to implement. A multi-layered approach of electronic prescribing, opioid stewardship and targeted educational awareness programmes is recommended.
Silber(I)-cyanid-Komplexe mit Aminen und Azaaromaten
Authors: Strey Mark , Döring Cindy
Published: February 2018

Silver cyanide can be treated with liquid amines or azaaromatics L to give crystalline complexes of various compositions, among them complexes of the simple type cyanido(amine)silver(I): L=isobutylamine and 4-picoline. Other AgCN:L ratios obtained were: 1:2 (benzylamine and 4-benzylpiperidine), 2:1 (2,4-lutidine), 2:3 (morpholine and 3,4-lutidine) and 3:4 (3,5-lutidine). The packing diagrams were analyzed in terms of Ag–Ag and Ag–CN contacts and N–H···N hydrogen bonds. The contacts often give rise to chains, which are sometimes linked to layers by hydrogen bonds.
Evaluation of Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas L., Mentha spicata L. subsp. spicata L. essential oils and their main components against sinusitis pathogens
Authors: Karaca Nursenem , Demirci Betül , Demirci Fatih
Published: February 2018

Lavandula stoechas subsp. stoechas and Mentha spicata subsp. spicata are used for the treatment of sinusitis in Turkish folk medicine. The components of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation were determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Major components of L. stoechas and M. spicata oils were determined as camphor (46.7%) and carvone (60.6%), respectively. The antibacterial activity of essential oils and their main components were tested against the common selected sinusitis pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using in vitro agar diffusion, microdilution, and vapor diffusion methods. As a result, the tested plant materials, which are locally and natively used against sinusitis, were relatively mild antibacterial (in vitro MICs 310–1250 μg/mL) in action. To use essential oils and their components safely in sinusitis therapy, further detailed in vivo experiments are needed to support their efficacy.
Cell-Specific Deletion of PGC-1α from Medium Spiny Neurons Causes Transcriptional Alterations and Age-Related Motor Impairment
Authors: McMeekin Laura J. , Li Ye , Fox Stephanie N. , Rowe Glenn C. , Crossman David K. , Day Jeremy J. , Li Yuqing , Detloff Peter J. , Cowell Rita M.
Published: February 2018

Multiple lines of evidence indicate that a reduction in the expression and function of the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is associated with neurodegeneration in diseases such as Huntington's disease (HD). Polymorphisms in the PGC-1α gene modify HD progression and PGC-1α expression is reduced in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of HD patients and mouse models. However, neither the MSN-specific function of PGC-1α nor the contribution of PGC-1α deficiency to motor dysfunction is known. We identified novel, PGC-1α-dependent transcripts involved in RNA processing, signal transduction, and neuronal morphology and confirmed reductions in these transcripts in male and female mice lacking PGC-1α specifically in MSNs, indicating a cell-autonomous effect in this population. MSN-specific PGC-1α deletion caused reductions in previously identified neuronal and metabolic PGC-1α-dependent genes without causing striatal vacuolizations. Interestingly, these mice exhibited a hypoactivity with age, similar to several HD animal models. However, these newly identified PGC-1α-dependent genes were upregulated with disease severity and age in knock-in HD mouse models independent of changes in PGC-1α transcript, contrary to what would be predicted from a loss-of-function etiological mechanism. These data indicate that PGC-1α is necessary for MSN transcriptional homeostasis and function with age and that, whereas PGC-1α loss in MSNs does not replicate an HD-like phenocopy, its downstream genes are altered in a repeat-length and age-dependent fashion. Understanding the additive effects of PGC-1α gene functional variation and mutant huntingtin on transcription in this cell type may provide insight into the selective vulnerability of MSNs in HD.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTReductions in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α)-mediated transcription have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease (HD). We show that, although PGC-1α-dependent transcription is necessary to maintain medium spiny neuron (MSN) function with age, its loss is insufficient to cause striatal atrophy in mice. We also highlight a set of genes that can serve as proxies for PGC-1α functional activity in the striatum for target engagement studies. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PGC-1α-dependent genes are upregulated in a dose- and age-dependent fashion in HD mouse models, contrary to what would be predicted from a loss-of-function etiological mechanism. However, given this role for PGC-1α in MSN transcriptional homeostasis, it is important to consider how genetic variation in PGC-1α could contribute to mutant-huntingtin-induced cell death and disease progression.
Celecoxib Ameliorates Seizure Susceptibility in Autosomal Dominant Lateral Temporal Epilepsy
Authors: Zhou Lin , Zhou Liang , Su Li-da , Cao Sheng-Long , Xie Ya-Jun , Wang Na , Shao Chong-Yu , Wang Ya-Nan , Zhou Jia-Huan , Cowell John K. , Shen Ying
Published: February 2018

Autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy (ADLTE) is an inherited syndrome caused by mutations in the leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) gene. It is known that glutamatergic transmission is altered in LGI1 mutant mice, and seizures can be reduced by restoring LGI1 function. Yet, the mechanism underlying ADLTE is unclear. Here, we propose that seizures in maleLGI1−/−mice are due to nonsynaptic epileptiform activity in cortical neurons. We examined the intrinsic excitability of pyramidal neurons in the temporal cortex of maleLGI1−/−mice and found that the voltage-gated K+channel Kv1.2 was significantly downregulated. We also found that cytosolic phospholipase A2(cPLA2)-cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox2) signaling was enhanced inLGI1−/−mice. Interestingly, Cox2 inhibition effectively restored the dysregulated Kv1.2 and reduced the intrinsic excitability of pyramidal neurons. Moreover,in vivoinjection of celecoxib, an FDA-approved nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, rescued the defective Kv1.2 (an ∼1.9-fold increase), thereby alleviating the seizure susceptibility and extending the life ofLGI1−/−mice by 5 d. In summary, we conclude that LGI1 deficiency dysregulates cPLA2-Cox2 signaling to cause hyperexcitability of cortical pyramidal neurons, and celecoxib is a potential agent to manage human ADLTE.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHaploinsufficiency of the leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) gene is the major pathogenic basis for ADLTE, an inherited syndrome with no cure to date. Existing studies suggest that altered glutamatergic transmission in the hippocampus causes this disease, but the data are paradoxical. We demonstrate that the loss of LGI1 decreases Kv1.2 expression, enhances intrinsic excitability, and thereby causes epilepsy. Interestingly, for the first time, we show that an FDA-approved drug, celecoxib, rescues the Kv1.2 defect and alleviates seizure susceptibility inLGI1−/−mice, as well as improving their survival. Thus, we suggest that celecoxib is a promising drug for the treatment of ADLTE patients.
River linking in India: Downstream impacts on water discharge and suspended sediment transport to deltas
Authors: Higgins Stephanie A. , Overeem Irina , Rogers Kimberly G. , Kalina Evan A.
Published: February 2018

To expand agricultural production and address water scarcity, India is moving forward with the National River Linking Project (NRLP), which will connect 44 rivers via 9,600 km of canals. Here, we compile the first complete database of proposed NRLP dams, reservoirs and canals, including operating schedules for Himalayan infrastructure. We evaluate potential NRLP-derived changes to mean annual water discharge for 29 rivers and mean monthly water and sediment discharge for six rivers flowing to five major deltas. Sediment rating curves are used to quantify the impacts of changing water discharge within the rivers, and basin-wide trapping efficiency is established for new reservoirs. Given full implementation of the NRLP, we forecast reductions in annual suspended sediment transport to deltas of 40–85% (Mahanadi), 71–99% (Godavari) and 60–97% (Krishna) due to profound reservoir trapping and peak streamflow reductions. The Ganga before its confluence with the Brahmaputra is projected to experience a 39–75% reduction in annual suspended load. The Brahmaputra before its confluence with the Ganga is projected to experience a 9–25% reduction in suspended load, despite losing only 6% of its annual water flow. We calculate a projected corresponding aggradation decrease for the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta from 3.6 to 2.5 mm y–1, which is a large enough change to drive relative sea-level rise at the delta front. At the remaining four deltas, the NRLP will exacerbate current sediment starvation. We reconstruct the annual water transfer volume proposed for the NRLP to be 245 km3 y–1, higher than previous estimates due to the inclusion of along-canal usage. If completed, the NRLP will transform watershed boundaries, with more than half of the land in India contributing a portion of its runoff to a new mouth. These impacts may have profound environmental and public health implications, particularly in the context of future climate change.
Metabolic reprogramming in type 2 diabetes and the development of breast cancer
Authors: Martin Sheree D , McGee Sean L
Published: February 2018

A wealth of epidemiological data has found that patients with type 2 diabetes have a greater risk of developing breast cancer. The molecular mechanisms underpinning this relationship are yet to be elucidated; however, this review examines the available evidence suggesting that the metabolic abnormalities observed in type 2 diabetes can predispose to the development of breast cancer. Alterations in substrate availability and the hormonal milieu, particularly hyperinsulinemia, not only create a favorable metabolic environment for tumorigenesis, but also induce metabolic reprogramming events that are required for the transformation of breast cancer cells. In addition, the dysfunction and hypoxia of adipose tissue surrounding the breast cancer niche is another putative link that will be discussed. Finally, the mechanisms by which breast cancer cells evade checkpoints associated with nutrient overload will be examined. Experimentally validating these potential links will be important for prediction and treatment of breast cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Descripción de dos nuevas especies y nuevos registros del género Epilachna Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) en el Perú
Authors: Bustamante-Navarrete Abdhiel Arnaldo , Oroz-Ramos Anahi Jeannette , Elme-Tumpay Araseli , Marquina-Montesinos Edgar Luis , Yabar-Landa Erick
Published: February 2018

Epilachna lucianae n. sp. y Epilachna matei n.sp. son descritas en base a ejemplares colectados en las regiones peruanas de Huánuco y Cusco; se proveen además nuevos registros para algunas especies del genero Epilachna Chevrolat para el Perú.
Tres nuevas especies del género Theages Walker, 1855 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiini) de Perú y Ecuador
Authors: Grados Juan , Mantilla Karla
Published: February 2018

Se describen e ilustran tres nuevas especies del género Theages Walker, 1855 que ocurren en los bosques montanos de los Andes de Perú y Ecuador.
Prospective Observational Study on High-Value Care Topics Discussed on Multidisciplinary Rounds
Authors: Beck Jimmy B. , McDaniel Corrie E. , Bradford Miranda C. , Brock Doug , Sy Carolyn D. , Chen Tiffany , Foti Jeffrey , White Andrew A.
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVES:

Establishing a high-value care (HVC) culture within an institution requires a multidisciplinary commitment and participation. Bedside rounds provide an ideal environment for role modeling and learning behaviors that promote an HVC culture. However, little is understood regarding the types of HVC discussions that take place at the bedside and who participates in those discussions.

METHODS:

A prospective observational study at a tertiary-care, university-affiliated, free-standing children’s hospital. The prevalence of HVC discussions was captured by using the HVC Rounding Tool, a previously developed instrument with established validity evidence. For each observed HVC discussion, raters recorded who initiated the discussion and a description of the topic.

RESULTS:

Raters observed 660 patient encounters over 59 separate dates. Of all patient encounters, 29% (191 of 660; 95% confidence interval: 26%–33%) included at least 1 observed HVC discussion. The attending physician or fellow initiated 41% of all HVC discussions, followed by residents or medical students (31%), families (12%), and nurses (7%).

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite a recent focus on improving health care value and educating trainees in the practice of HVC, our study demonstrated that bedside discussions of HVC are occurring with a limited frequency at our institution and that attending physicians initiate the majority of discussions. The capacity of the nonphysician team members to contribute to establishing and sustaining an HVC culture may be underused. Multi-institutional studies are necessary to determine if this is a national trend and whether discussions have an impact on patient outcomes and hospital costs.
Agricultura familiar e dendeicultura no município de Moju, na Amazônia paraense
Authors: Nahum João Santos , Dos Santos Cleison Bastos
Published: February 2018

Analizamos los proyectos de agricultura familiar desarrollados por Agropalma en el espacio rural del municipio de Moju. Sostenemos que esta empresa se apropia de la renta de la tierra, de las áreas y los usos, vía renta campesina, sin establecer relaciones de salario o sin ser propietaria de la tierra. El trabajo se fundamentó en categorías, conceptos, teorías y métodos. Recolectamos datos primarios por medio de trabajo de campo y entrevistas. En la primera sección del texto, caracterizamos la expansión de los cultivos de palma africana, ligados al Programa Nacional de Producción y Uso del Biodiesel y al Programa de Producción Sostenible de Aceite de Palma en Brasil; en la segunda, los rasgos generales de los proyectos de agricultura familiar de palma africana relacionados con las empresas en Moju; por fin, presentamos las consideraciones finales, en las que sintetizamos los resultados.
Book Review: An Introduction to Music Therapy Research
Authors: Gooding Lori Fogus
Published: March 2018

An Introduction to Music Therapy Research, edited by Barbara Wheeler and Kathleen Murphy, is a 20-chapter that provides overview of how research has been conceived and implemented in music therapy. The text is geared to those beginning their studies in music therapy and as such address all stages of research, beginning with foundational aspects like selection of a topic before moving to a more detailed presentation of specific research components like data analysis and interpretation of results. Objectivist (qualitative) and interpretivist (quantitative research) theoretical perspectives, methodologies, and methods are included in the book, as well as information on mixed methods research and important historical, ethical, and multicultural considerations.
Optimization of therapy for hepatobiliary disorders in psoriatic patients
Authors: Kozlova I V , Myalina Yu N , Lipina L P , Bakulev A L
Published: February 2018

Aim. To optimize management tactics in patients with diseases of the liver and gallbladder in the presence of progressive psoriasis. Subjects and methods. The investigation enrolled 78 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and different forms of gallbladder abnormality in the presence of progressive moderate and severe psoriasis. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: 1) phosphogliv; 2) ursosan with the main active ingredient ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). A prospective follow-up study accompanied by dynamic clinical, laboratory, and instrumental monitoring was carried out for 24 weeks. Clinical, biochemical, and ultrasound studies, including liver elastography, were applied. Results. The use of UDCA (Ursosan 15 mg/kg for 24 weeks) to treat NAFLD and gallbladder abnormality in methotrexate-treated patients with progressive moderate and severe psoriasis contributed to the normalization of hepatic steatosis index, lipid composition, and lithogenic index, to the reduction of biliary sludge, and to the stabilization of liver fibrosis. Improvement in the functional status of the liver and gallbladder has contributed to the achievement of a more complete remission of dermatosis. Conclusion. The effects of UDCA in the therapy of NAFLD and gallbladder abnormality in patients with progressive psoriasis were greater than those of phosphogliv.
Common variable immune deficiency in adults: focus on pulmonary complications
Authors: Fomina D S , Bobrikova E N , Sinyavkin D O , Parshin V V
Published: February 2018

Common variable immune deficiency is the most common form of a group of primary immunodeficiencies in adult patients. Pulmonary complications occupy leading positions. It is the development of recurrent bronchopulmonary inflammatory diseases that is considered to be one of the main causes of death and disability in patients with this disease. By presenting two clinical cases with long diagnostic delays, the authors try to attract the attention of specialists of related professions, which will minimize the development of irreversible complications in the patients.
A paradigm of early gonarthrosis: a review of the current diagnostic and treatment options (Part 1)
Authors: Kornilov N N , Denisov A A
Published: February 2018

The prevalence of chronic joint diseases, among which osteoarthritis (OA) prevails, continues to grow worldwide. So far, many OA patients starting to get any kind of treatment only at the stage of organ failure, when the progression of the pathological process cannot be considerably delayed. The long-felt need for a change in thinking how to effectively diagnose and treat OA patients at early stage induced to prepare this review. Its first part is devoted to discussion of the limitations of traditional approaches and to analysis of the current diagnostic capabilities, particularly the clinical features of early OA, its morphological characteristics based on the magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopic criteria, as well as the perspectives of biochemical and genetic markers implementation.
Oliver Tambo en die kommunisme
Authors: Scholtz L , Scholtz I
Published: March 2018

Oliver Tambo word dikwels deur die ANC/SAKP-alliansie en historici afgeskilder as ŉ gelowige Christen wat slegs om pragmatiese redes met die SAKP saamgewerk het. Sy houding teenoor die kommunisme word hier nou vir die eerste keer akademies ondersoek. Die basiese gevolgtrekking is dat Tambo sy boodskap vir verskillende gehore aangepas het. Voor Westerse gehore was hy ŉ gematigde sosiaal-demokraat; voor Derdewêreldse gehore het hy die sosialisme geprys, en by kommuniste was hy byna ortodokser kommunisties as die Kremlin. Uiteindelik word bevind dat Tambo se politieke idees formeel slegs nuanseverskille met dié van die ortodokse Marxisme-Leninisme vertoon het, ofskoon ŉ mens die indruk kry dat sy idees in dié opsig in sekere sin opportunisties was.
ANÁLISE FÍSICO FUNCIONAL E CARDIORRESPIRATÓRIA DE PACIENTES EM LISTA DE ESPERA PARA O TRANSPLANTE RENAL: ESTUDO TRANSVERSAL
Authors: Da Silva Martins Daniela , Caitano Fontela Paula , Bernardes do Amaral Padilha Maria Leocadia , Winkelmann Eliane Roseli
Published: February 2018

Introdução: Para o tratamento da doença renal crônica os pacientes necessitam de hemodiálise ou diálise peritoneal enquanto aguardam em lista de espera pelo transplante renal. Apesar dos avanços nos procedimentos de diálise, os pacientes que fazem esse tratamento apresentam baixa capacidade física e funcional e comorbidades que influenciam no tempo de espera. Objetivo: Descrever as características físicas, antropométricas e cardiorrespiratórias de pacientes em lista de espera para o transplante renal, assim como, analisar as variáveis de acordo com o tempo em lista de espera e tempo de diagnóstico da doença. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico, submetido e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UNIJUÍ parecer n° 1.992.013. Foram avaliados 11 pacientes cadastrados no Hospital de Caridade de Ijuí, quanto aos dados sobre a doença renal e seu tratamento, tempo em lista de espera, fatores de risco cardiovasculares, resistência muscular de membros inferiores, força muscular respiratória e capacidade funcional submáxima. Resultados: Foram avaliados 11 pacientes, sendo 54,5% do sexo feminino, média de idade de 51,9±11,4 anos, 45,5% tinham doença renal de origem hipertensiva, tempo de diagnóstico da doença de 84,0 (48,0-180,0) meses, 90,9% realizavam hemodiálise há uma mediana de 15,0 (8,0-41,0) meses e estavam em lista de espera há 12,0 (6,0-32,0) meses. Os fatores de risco cardiovasculares mais prevalentes foram hipertensão e sedentarismo. No teste de sentar e levantar em um minuto realizaram 17,0 (16,0-22,0) repetições, pressão inspiratória máxima de 62,0 (50,0-80,0) cmH2O, pressão expiratória máxima de 78,0 (64,0-99,0) cmH2O e percorreram  452,5 (416,1-503,2) metros no teste de caminhada em seis minutos. Conclusão: Os pacientes cadastrados em lista de espera para o transplante renal do nosso estudo apresentaram uma boa condição físico funcional e cardiorrespiratória. O tempo de diagnóstico da doença renal se correlacionou moderada e negativamente com a pressão expiratória máxima. O tempo de permanência em lista de espera não se correlacionou com a resistência de membros inferiores, força muscular respiratória e capacidade funcional submáxima.
Cognitive and affective neuroscience of chronic pain: relevance for Physiotherapy
Authors: Montoya Pedro
Published: February 2018

Background: Chronic pain is the main reason for medical consultation, as well as one of the main burdens of the health system in the developed world. However, current therapies are still inadequate for certain types of chronic pain, as in the case of fibromyalgia syndrome, or cause intolerable side effects (such as opioids). Understanding the neurophysiological and psychobiological bases of chronic pain is crucial to develop adequate and efficient strategies for the multidisciplinary evaluation and treatment of pain. Objective: The aim of this work is to provide a brief summary of the current state of the art to clarify the most effective strategies for the treatment of chronic pain. Methods: Narrative literature study developed in a reference world center to study of chronic pain. Results: In the last decades, it has been demonstrated that the plastic changes that occur in the brain are key for understanding the maintenance of pain over time. Research has provided evidence that patients with chronic pain displayed abnormal brain processing of body information and that negative emotional states can significantly alter brain functioning and amplify the suffering associated with pain. On the other hand, it has been suggested that strengthening emotional regulation skills through cognitive reassessment and suppression as used in cognitive-behavioral therapy or mindfulness can help regulate pain and emotion in patients with chronic pain. However, the brain mechanisms involved in these regulatory processes must still be elucidated, before being transferred to clinical practice. Conclusion: Cognitive and affective neuroscience is fundamental to physiotherapists understanding chronic pain.
Videogames, academic performance and attention problems: practices and results of foreign empirical studies of children and adolescents
Authors: Soldatova G.U. , Teslavskaia O.I.
Published: February 2018

The article is a review of empirical studies on the problem of children and adolescents’ videogaming and its effects on academic performance and attention problems (including ADHD). Despite many types of research projects, and the variety of their designs and methods, the consistent point of view on how videogaming affect school marks and cognitive developments of schoolers of different ages is missing. There is an evidence of both negative and positive effects of videogaming on academic performance and ADHD; some results also show no significant effect. Diversity of research results may be caused by basic methodological position of research teams — whether videogaming is studied as a form of addiction, or normal leisure activity; a place which videogaming holds in conglomerate of determinants of children’ well-being; specificity of methods which are used for assess of academic performance, attention problems and intensiveness of videogaming.
Evolution of the concept of «mental strength» in foreign sport psychology
Authors: Fedunina N.Y.
Published: February 2018

This article discusses the stages of development of the concept of mental strength in foreign literature. It traces the evolution of approaches to understanding and study of this phenomenon from reliance on the experience of consultations and observations to development of a full qualitative and quantitative research. The article discusses the importance of this notion of positive psychology for modern sport psychology, as well as the problems associated with the lack of a generally accepted definition, valid and reliable research tools and a lack of longitudinal studies.
Ethnolinguistic tolerance in cross-cultural dialogue
Authors: Ravil A Vafeev
Published: February 2018

The article discusses interethnic units and between group contacts orientations in different spheres of communication. They become determining in corresponding strategies of interethnic interaction. Traditionally there are four main strategies of interethnic interaction in contactology: assimilation, separation, marginalization, and integration. Integration is considered as the optimal strategy of ethnos adaptation. Ethnolinguistics tolerance phenomena act as integration indicators.
Cooperative learning at the foreign language lessens
Authors: Svetlana V Vladimirova
Published: February 2018

This article is devoted to using of new study technologies. The author analyses the results of methods usage. The groundwork for the research conducted are works of such scholars as Sh. A. Amonashvili, M. A. Arian, I. L. Bim, I. A. Zimnyaya, E. I. Passov.
Contemporary migration processes as a “linguistic war” factor on a new development stage of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kensary Koyse K
Published: February 2018

The population migration is not only a simple mechanic movement of people but also a complex socio-psychological process affecting behavior and communication regularities of people, their function, caused by an integration of individuals in social groups, as well as psychological peculiarities of social psychology of the peoples. During the period of new independent states development one may observe the ethnic self-consciousness growth of the Turkic peoples, the understanding of their own identity, the value orientations formation.
The aesthetic experience as the goal and the form at the mass-media (travelog)
Authors: Svetlana M Tuzova-Schyokina
Published: February 2018

This article is concerned about the features of the travelog as a way of constructing special aesthetic reality. The analysis of the practice shows that the main goal of the TV-travelog is forming of the aesthetic experience.