bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Vocational Education and Training in the Integration of Refugees in Austria, Denmark and Germany
Authors: Jørgensen Christian Helms , Hautz Hannes , Li Junmin
Published: October 2021

Context: Vocational education and training (VET) plays a crucial role in the social inclusion of refugees. The aim of this paper is to examine how the VET systems of Austria, Denmark and Germany responded to the arrival of young refugees since 2015. VET in these countries are all categorised as systems of collective skill formation, which offer apprenticeships in addition to school-based training. The article examines and juxtaposes the legal rights, the actual opportunities and the barriers to refugees’ participation in and completion of VET at upper secondary level in the three selected countries.Methods: The study is based on reviews of literature and an analysis of refugee policies in the three countries. The literature search used a snowballing strategy and included policy documents, research publications and grey literature from organisations of civil society. The literature review employed a narrative, issue-focused approach to explore and compare key categories relating to the research question. To elaborate, refine and structure the categories for each of the three countries we used an input-process-output model (Adams, 1993) and a combination of deductive and inductive analysis procedure.Findings: The findings of the study are divided into six categories that structure the analysis: admission requirements, validation of prior learning, vocational guidance, language training, social support measures and access to apprenticeships. The analysis finds that both asylum seekers and recognised refugees have more opportunities in Germany than in the other two countries regarding the key categories. The findings show no major differences in the position of the social partners in the three countries in relation to refugees’ participation in VET, however the national governments reacted differently to the influx of refugees. In Austria and Denmark, new governments with strong anti-immigration agendas took office and reduced the access to and participation in VET for asylum seekers and refugees. At the same time, the German government introduced various integration measures for refugees in cooperation with employers with the aim of making VET more accessible to refugees.Conclusion: To access and complete VET, refugees depend on supporting measures to overcome a variety of barriers, e.g. regarding language training and access to apprenticeships. Overall, reforms in Germany demonstrate promising initiatives to overcome the barriers to the integration of refugees in VET, while reforms in Austria and Denmark have limited refugees’ opportunities to access and complete VET.
Measuring Quality in Indian VET Institutions: Development Steps Towards a Framework Adapted to the National Context
Authors: Ramasamy Muthuveeran , Regel Julia , Sharma Harshil , Rajagopalan Anjana , Pilz Matthias
Published: October 2021

Purpose:
Purpose: The quality of vocational education and training (VET) processes plays an important role in international education policies and research. In India, issues of quality came into focus in recent years due to an increased demand for skilled workers, and continuing challenges in the area of quality of VET. Existing quality assurance mechanisms of VET in India are characterised by a lack of comprehensiveness and uniform standards. This paper addresses the contextualised development of an Indian-specific approach for quality measurement. It centres on following research question: Which quality areas, criteria and related indicators are of relevance for measuring quality comprehensively? Approach: Design-based research substantiates the research objective, which is to develop a model that is theoretically and technically sound, as well as adapted to the national context. The question of how to create "cultural-fit" was essential for the research process illustrated in this paper. Starting point for the development of the approach was to build a structured review, and following analysis, with reference to existing models and approaches to quality management. The initial search examined national and international academic sources for quality management in business and education, as well as governmental sources for quality management strategies in VET. A significant number of models were selected, based on inclusion criteria, and these models were aggregated to provide a source for a first own conception of an approach. Results: Quality dimensions and criteria were collected and identified with reference to distribution across models. In total, seven major quality areas are identified, namely Institutional Sphere and Context; Personnel; Educational Planning, Provision and Assessment; Learning and Teaching; Leadership and School Management; Industry Linkage and Learner Achievements. In addition, 40 quality criteria are determined under these major quality fields, and relevant quantitative and qualitative sub-indicators for measurement are derived. Conclusion: The actual results will be a basis for the following pilot-based implementation in India. The model can provide meaningful feedback and data-based recommendations for continuous improvement of the Indian VET system and may furthermore provide for a reflected and contextually adapted implementation in other countries.
Chromatic-aberration-free multispectral optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy using reflective optics and a supercontinuum light source
Authors: Tachi Kazuyoshi , Hirasawa Takeshi , Okawa Shinpei , Horiguchi Akio , Ito Keiichi , Ishihara Miya
Published: October 2021

A supercontinuum (SC) light source enables multispectral photoacoustic imaging at excitation wavelengths in the visible-to-near-infrared range. However, for such a broad optical wavelength range, chromatic aberration is non-negligible. We developed a multispectral optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (MS-OR-PAM) setup with a nanosecond pulsed SC light source and a reflective objective lens to avoid chromatic aberration. Chromatic aberrations generated by reflective and conventional objective lenses were compared, and the images acquired using the reflective objective were not affected by chromatic aberration. Hence, MS-OR-PAM with the reflective objective was used to distinguish red blood cells from melanoma cells via spectral subtraction processing.
Focusing characteristics of polarized second-harmonic emission at non-Ising polar domain walls
Authors: Zhang Yide , Cherifi-Hertel Salia
Published: October 2021

Non-Ising polar domain walls have recently emerged as individual two-dimensional materials exhibiting localized nonlinear optical emission. The analysis of this emitted light often requires focusing with high apertures. As a result, the vectorial properties of light come into play. This study provides an analytic treatment of the vector light fields’ effect on the polarized second-harmonic emission (SHG) arising at polar domain walls. While confined optical fields are expected to alter the SHG polarization response, we identify extrinsic and intrinsic properties capable of canceling focusing effects. We determine a precise combination of the fundamental wave polarization and orientation of the domain walls at which focusing effects are negligible. Furthermore, the perimeter defined by the domain walls intrinsic optical parameters below which focusing effects are negligible is extracted from a systematic focus-dependent analysis. Our study provides the necessary methodology and precautions to probe the internal structure of non-Ising domain walls with confined optical fields, and it can be extended to explore newly discovered ferroelectric topologic nanostructures.
Pulmonary valve tissue engineering strategies in large animal models
Authors: Uiterwijk M. , van der Valk D. C. , van Vliet R. , de Brouwer I. J. , Hooijmans C. R. , Kluin J.
Published: October 2021

In the last 25 years, numerous tissue engineered heart valve (TEHV) strategies have been studied in large animal models. To evaluate, qualify and summarize all available publications, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. We identified 80 reports that studied TEHVs of synthetic or natural scaffolds in pulmonary position (n = 693 animals). We identified substantial heterogeneity in study designs, methods and outcomes. Most importantly, the quality assessment showed poor reporting in randomization and blinding strategies. Meta-analysis showed no differences in mortality and rate of valve regurgitation between different scaffolds or strategies. However, it revealed a higher transvalvular pressure gradient in synthetic scaffolds (11.6 mmHg; 95% CI, [7.31–15.89]) compared to natural scaffolds (4,67 mmHg; 95% CI, [3,94–5.39]; p = 0.003). These results should be interpreted with caution due to lack of a standardized control group, substantial study heterogeneity, and relatively low number of comparable studies in subgroup analyses. Based on this review, the most adequate scaffold model is still undefined. This review endorses that, to move the TEHV field forward and enable reliable comparisons, it is essential to define standardized methods and ways of reporting. This would greatly enhance the value of individual large animal studies.
Missionárias brasileiras em Angola
Authors: Otto Claricia
Published: October 2021

O artigo apresenta reflexões sobre práticas interculturais em Angola (África) narradas em 2008 por trinta religiosas da Congregação das Irmãs Catequistas Franciscanas (CICAF), ano em que a Congregação celebrava 25 anos de presença missionária entre os vários povos do referido país angolano: Bantu, Kikongo, Umbunto, Ibinda, entre outros. Ao todo são oitenta narrativas publicadas num caderno intitulado Cores da vida: 25 anos de presença em Angola (2010). Na perspectiva de Walter Benjamin, essas religiosas são compreendidas como narradoras, e suas narrativas, permeadas pela memória de aprendizes, constituem-se em experiência. A substância de cada narrativa é a experiência que foi sendo tecida por elementos da vivência, do acontecido, visto ou ouvido, da subjetividade que, ao se enraizar na objetividade, é narrada. Conclui que a rememoração das práticas interculturais, à luz de princípios da Teologia da Libertação e do franciscanismo, toma feições de educação popular. Nesse sentido, no escopo de compreender a experiência das narradoras, o artigo busca relacionar tal experiência com a educação popular em geral e, especialmente, a vinculada ao pensamento de Paulo Freire, que ganhou força na década de 1960.
Escola em Torto Arado
Authors: Pereira Mariana Fernandes , Faria Gustavo
Published: October 2021

O livro Torto Arado, de Itamar Vieira Junior, é um fenômeno da literatura contemporânea no Brasil. Sua importância está não apenas em uma escrita fluida e interessante, mas também na temática atual a que se dedica. Uma questão social que aparece na narrativa é a construção de uma escola na comunidade de Água Negra e a partir dali duas questões se colocam: Bibiana vê na educação uma possibilidade de alcançar as melhorias necessárias para seu povo e deseja se tornar professora. Por outro lado, Belonísia enxerga na educação formal uma perda de tempo, pois não se enxerga inserida nas atividades escolares guiadas por dona Lourdes, a professora que vem ensinar em Água Negra. As duas formas de enxergar a educação podem ilustrar a importância da teoria freiriana e a necessidade de uma educação inclusiva e libertadora. Para este trabalho, buscou-se encontrar no enredo da obra, ilustrações para a educação bancária e para a educação humanista, conforme a teoria de Freire. Para isso, foram feitos recortes do texto do livro que pudessem ser analogias para a aplicação da teoria em questão. O que se encontra é um retrato da mudança social teorizada por Freire e que se opera na narrativa.
A prática educativa de Amílcar Cabral no processo de descolonização
Authors: Cavalcanti Ana Paula , Moraes Mônica Costa Marçal de , Amaral Slaine Senra Mattos do
Published: October 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo geral analisar os conteúdos de áudios gravados por Paulo Freire em entrevistas realizadas por ele em Guiné-Bissau, disponíveis na home page do Acervo Educador Paulo Freire, abordando o revolucionário e líder africano, Amílcar Cabral. Para tanto utilizou-se da análise de conteúdo e da pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, em consonância com as obras primárias de Freire. No primeiro momento, buscou-se apresentar quem foi Amílcar Cabral e sua importância na libertação da África, com levantamento documental e revisão de trabalhos anteriores. Na segunda parte, mostrou-se como se deu o processo da chegada de Freire à Guiné-Bissau e a sua contribuição no processo formativo de alfabetização do país. Para finalizar as análises dos dados, fez-se uma comparação das obras de Freire em conformidade com os áudios e as relevâncias de Amílcar Cabral na concepção freireana.
A efetivação do direito à educação com qualidade social: o início do contexto pandêmico no estado do Rio Grande do Sul na percepção de gestores escolares
Authors: Fontoura Julian Silveira Diogo de Ávila
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo busca evidenciar os primeiros movimentos da relação estado-escola no contexto da pandemia do novo coronavírus, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, à luz da efetivação do direito à educação com qualidade social na perspectiva de gestores escolares. Como estratégia metodológica na produção de dados utilizamos a abordagem qualitativa junto a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, incluindo entrevistas semiestruturadas com diretores de escolas públicas. O processo analítico se deu pela análise textual discursiva com viés dialético-materialista. Os resultados indicam o complexo cenário de efetivação do direito à educação com qualidade social, especialmente pela forma como o engendramento político não se consubstancia na materialidade do cotidiano escolar.
Os efeitos da covid -19 na educação básica de Mato grosso do Sul: como a rede estadual de ensino enfrenta a pandemia?
Authors: Adamiski Eleida da Silva Arce , Bessa-Oliveira Marcos Antônio
Published: October 2021

Considerando a crise sanitária mundial causada pela pandemia da COVID-19 e, como as medidas de enfrentamento a doença vem atingindo diretamente a educação, este estudo pretende refletir e discutir, por meio da epistemologia do pensamento descolonial, a situação vigente da educação básica de Mato Grosso do Sul, mais especificamente a atuação do professor da rede estadual nas aulas não presenciais. Para tanto, temas como a organização de aulas remotas, a exclusão escolar de estudantes inviabilizados pelo não acesso à escola e a equipamentos tecnológicos, a falta de domínio para uso de novos recursos eletrônicos por parte dos professores, o excesso de atividades em frente a computadores que faz com que os corpos sejam diretamente atingidos e o iminente risco a saúde mental dos envolvidos com processos educacionais, nos fazem refletir na educação que precisamos ter no pós-pandemia.
Le participatif à la télévision en France
Authors: Ségur Céline
Published: October 2021

L’évolution de la télévision et des pratiques des publics invite à considérer la communication télévisuelle au XXIe siècle sous l’angle du participatif, c’est-à-dire un modèle dans lequel les producteurs et les consommateurs de médias sont en interactions les uns avec les autres. Si le modèle de l’usager passif semble bel et bien révolu, les modalités précises de la participation médiatique et l’imaginaire communicationnel qu’elle suscite appellent à nuance. Cet article questionne les manifestations et les enjeux de l’idéal participatif à la télévision en France. La construction cathodique de la place des téléspectateurs dans la fabrique de la télévision de l’après-guerre a donné naissance à une culture de la participation qui n’est pas sans ambivalences : appel à témoignage vs instrumentalisation, communication à distance vs interaction, vote vs stratégie de fidélisation. En d’autres termes, les publics sont régulièrement invités à s’exprimer, débattre, jouer ou encore voter, c’est-à-dire à prendre part aux dispositifs télévisuels, mais leur parole est filtrée, instrumentalisée, voire insignifiante.
Scholars and Literati at the Academy of the Gelati (1588– 1799)
Authors: Rolla Cecilia , Vitale Mara
Published: October 2021

This note is a summary description of the set of scholars and literati who were members or associates of the Academy of the Gelati from its inception in 1588 to the end of its activity, around 1799.
EDITORIAL Desastres y territorios en la historia de América Latina
Authors: Arango López Diego , Altez Rogelio
Published: October 2021

Presentación del dosier.
Recomponiendo con cortos medios: Las prontas estrategias reconstructivas de los oficiales reales tras el terremoto que asoló la Ciudad de Los Reyes (Lima, Perú), en 1687
Authors: Mansilla Judith María
Published: October 2021

Este estudio examina las estrategias que implementaron las autoridades coloniales para responder a los efectos del terremoto que azotó a Lima en 1687. Este evento natural trastocó la vida cotidiana de las personas y los asuntos rutinarios del gobierno. La gran destrucción material fue evidente en la mayoría de los edificios de la capital del virreinato peruano. Su gobierno local, liderado por el virrey, tuvo que organizarse rápidamente para diseñar e implementar diversas medidas con las cuales atender las crecientes necesidades de la gente de Lima. Además de esto, las autoridades coloniales también se encargaron de reconstruir aquellas edificaciones que simbolizaban el poder real, como las sedes de las oficinas de gobierno y tribunales reales. Con un tesoro real agotado, los representantes reales recurrieron a varios mecanismos para completar sus proyectos de construcción, reduciendo la carga sobre el tesoro de los reyes tanto como fuera posible. Este trabajo ilustra varios casos en los que las autoridades coloniales prefirieron proyectos de costos reducidos, buscaron fuentes alternativas de ingresos o transfirieron el costo de la construcción a terceros. Es esta capacidad para lidiar con circunstancias inesperadas que eclipsa efectivamente los discursos tradicionales de decadencia sobre la monarquía española a fines del siglo XVII.
Regional intergovernmental organizations in the Global South: Emerging education policy nodes between the global and the national
Authors: Bekele Teklu Abate , Toprak Mustafa , Karkouti Ibrahim M. , Wolsey Thomas
Published: October 2021

Regional Intergovernmental Organizations (RIGOs) play unclear roles in education policy making and transfer. Much comparative education scholarship on the topic focuses on exploring the interplay between global and local/national actors in education policy, overlooking regional dimensions. To deepen our understanding, we analyzed the strategic plans of four RIGOs in Africa, the Arab and Islamic worlds, and Southeast Asia. Qualitative policy analysis is employed to reveal the roles RIGOs aspire to play in educational development. Of the what, how, and why dimensions of policy, this study focuses on the last two, as they reveal the rationales the RIGOs provided to justify their organizational positioning, their strategies to contribute to education policy, and their mediations with the national and the global. Our analysis has showed that RIGOs position themselves as significant actors in educational development in their respective regions, playing several complementary and sometimes conflicting roles. Analysis via institutional theory of the interplay of national, regional, and global contexts has revealed organizational isomorphism, decoupling between policy and practice, expansive structuration, otherhood engagements, and scientization and rationalization of organizational work. The RIGOs view themselves as elaborators of global models and, simultaneously, promoters of regionalism. Implications for education policy and research are identified.
Magnetic nanoparticle-supported sulfonic acid as a green catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Sakhdari Mahnaz , Amoozadeh Ali , Kolvari Eskandar
Published: October 2021

In this work, magnetic nanoparticle-supported sulfonic acid (γ-Fe2O3-SO3H) is used as an efficient catalyst in the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles in a short time (40–70 min for trisubstituted imidazoles and 30–40 min for tetrasubstituted imidazoles) and high-purity products were obtained (92–98% for trisubstituted imidazoles and 94–98% for tetrasubstituted imidazoles) in simple multicomponent reactions. The structure of these products was confirmed via FT-IR and NMR. Green and recyclable catalysts, eco-friendly and solvent-free conditions, high catalytic activity, shorter reaction time, easy recovery by an external magnet, high purity, and excellent yields are some features of these reactions.
Sufficient conditions for p-valent functions
Authors: Khan Qaiser , Dziok Jacek , Raza Mohsan , Arif Muhammad
Published: October 2021

In the current article, we examine some properties of analytic functions associated with cosine and exponential functions. We calculate some conditions on α so that; if

1
+

α

z

2
−
p

f
′

(
z
)

p

$1+\frac{\alpha z^{2-p}f'(z)}{p}$

,

1
+
α

z

2

f
′

(
z
)

p
f
(
z
)

$1+\alpha \frac{z^{2}f'(z)}{pf(z)}$

,

1
+
α

z

p
+
2

f
′

(
z
)

p

f

2

(
z
)

$1+\alpha \frac{z^{p+2}f'(z)}{pf^{2}(z)}$

and

1
+
α

z

2
p
+
2

f
′

(
z
)

p

f

3

(
z
)

$1+\alpha \frac{z^{2p+2}f'(z)}{pf^{3}(z)}$

are subordinated by Janowski functions, then

f
(
z
)

z

p

≺
cos
⁡
(
z
)

$\frac{f(z)}{z^{p}}\prec \cos (z)$

. Further, we also discuss the same implications for

f
(
z
)

z

p

≺

e

z

$\frac{f(z)}{z^{p}}\prec \textrm{e}^{z}$

.
Stability analysis of implicit semi-Lagrangian methods for numerical solution of non-hydrostatic atmospheric dynamics
equations
Authors: Shashkin Vladimir V.
Published: October 2021

The stability of implicit semi-Lagrangian schemes for time-integration of the non-hydrostatic atmosphere dynamics equations is analyzed in the present paper. The main reason for the instability of the considered class of schemes is the semi-Lagrangian advection of stratified thermodynamic variables coupled to the fixed point iteration method used to solve the implicit in time upstream trajectory computation problem. We identify two types of unstable modes and obtain stability conditions in terms of the scheme parameters. Stabilization of sound modes requires the use of a pressure reference profile and time off-centering. Gravity waves are stable only for an even number of fixed point method iterations. The maximum time step is determined by inverse buoyancy frequency in the case when the reference profile of the potential temperature is not used. Generally, applying time off-centering and reference profile to pressure variable is necessary for stability. Using reference profile for potential temperature and an even number of the iterations allows one to significantly increase the maximum time-step value.
A novel high entropy spinel-type aluminate MAl2O4 (M = Zn, Mg, Cu, Co) and its lithiated oxyfluoride and oxychloride derivatives prepared by one-step mechanosynthesis
Authors: Porodko Olena , Fabián Martin , Kolev Hristo , Lisnichuk Maksym , Zukalová Markéta , Vinarčíková Monika , Girman Vladimír , Da Silva Klebson Lucenildo , Šepelák Vladimír
Published: October 2021

For the first time, a spinel-type high entropy oxide (Zn0.25Cu0.25Mg0.25Co0.25)Al2O4 as well as its derivative lithiated high entropy oxyfluoride Li0.5(Zn0.25Cu0.25Mg0.25Co0.25)0.5Al2O3.5F0.5 and oxychloride Li0.5(Zn0.25Cu0.25Mg0.25Co0.25)0.5Al2O3.5Cl0.5 are prepared in the nanostructured state via high-energy co-milling of the simple oxide precursors and the halides (LiF or LiCl) as sources of lithium, fluorine and chlorine. Their nanostructure is investigated by XRD, HR-TEM, EDX and XPS spectroscopy. It is revealed that incorporation of lithium into the structure of spinel oxide together with the anionic substitution has significant effect on its short-range order, size and morphology of crystallites as well as on its oxidation/reduction processes. The charge capacity of the as-prepared nanomaterials tested by cyclic voltammetry is found to be rather poor despite lithiation of the samples in comparison to previously reported spinel-type high entropy oxides. Nevertheless, the present work offers the alternative one-step mechanochemical route to novel classes of high entropy oxides as well as to lithiated oxyfluorides and oxychlorides with the possibility to vary their cationic and anionic elemental composition.
Combined water extraction and sodium chlorite pretreated spent mushroom compost for protease production by separate hydrolysis and fermentation and simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation
Authors: Lu Pei , Hu Bin-Bin , Wang Yu-Tao , Zhu Ming-Jun
Published: October 2021

A process of simultaneous saccharification and protease production was successfully established from spent mushroom compost (SMC) created through edible fungi cultivation. The combined water extraction and sodium chlorite pretreatment significantly (p < 0.05) improved enzymatic digestibility of SMC, which led to a reducing sugar yield of 0.759 g/g that was 12 times higher than raw SMC. The water extract from SMC was recycled for simultaneous saccharification and protease production from pretreated SMC by Bacillus subtilis DES-59, which promoted the protein concentration and neutral protease activity by 21.9% and 11.6%, respectively. The simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SScF) of pretreated SMC by Bacillus subtilis DES-59 produced 5518 U/mL protease, which was superior to the separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) process. Fermentation residues containing Bacillus subtilis cells could be further converted into fertilizer. The closed-loop utilization of SMC was achieved using established processes, which indicates potential for application in future biorefineries.
Aluminium trihydrate-filled poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA/ATH) waste powder utilization in wood-plastic composite boards bonded by MUF resin
Authors: Vovk Matej , Šernek Milan
Published: October 2021

An alternative approach to producing a wood-plastic composite (WPC) from wood particles, aluminium trihydrate-filled poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA/ATH) waste powder, and melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin is described. The surface of PMMA/ATH powder was modified with ureido- and amino-functional silane coupling agents at four different degrees of modification: 0.3%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%. An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was executed on a silane-modified PMMA/ATH material, and the results revealed the presence of chemically bonded silanes on the PMMA/ATH surface. Contact angle measurements were also performed to calculate the surface free energies of the modified powders. Water contact angles of modified powders slightly decreased as surface free energy increased with the degree of surface modification. Mechanical tests of the composites showed that different degrees of surface modification had a significant influence on modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of the composite boards. However, there were no significant differences between the silanes used.
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health (anxiety and depression symptoms) in the United States of America
Authors: Baysan Caner , Palanbek-Yavaş Seher , Emel-Önal Ayşe
Published: October 2021

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant mental health impact in the United States of America and around the world.
Objective: To assess some of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of U.S. adult population, as well as the relationship between the average number of new COVID-19 cases and the average frequency of symptoms of anxiety, depression, and anxiety or depression between April 23 and October 26, 2020.
Materials and methods: Retrospective study. Psychosocial and demographic data were obtained from the Household Pulse Survey community-based website. Data about the number of new COVID-19 cases detected in the USA during the study period were taken from the Our World in Data website. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the strength of the relationships between the average of new COVID-19 cases during the study period and the average frequency of symptoms of anxiety, depression, and anxiety or depression. These correlations were also assessed in a subgroup analysis (sex, age group, education level, and ethnicity).
Results: A total of 1 351 911 U.S. adults completed the survey. The average rates of depression, anxiety, and anxiety or depression symptoms were 25.7±1.6%, 31.9±2.0%, and 36.8±2.0%, respectively. The average number of new COVID-19 cases was positively correlated with the mean frequency of anxiety, depression, and anxiety or depression symptoms (r=0.858, r=0.710, and r=0.887; p<0.001). Likewise, positive correlations between the average number of new cases and the mean frequency of anxiety or depressive symptoms were found in the subgroups (r=0.484-0.917).
Conclusions: According to our findings, the number of new COVID-19 cases detected during the study period in the USA was positively correlated with the frequency of anxiety or depression symptoms in the participants, that is, as the number of new cases increased, so did the frequency of the symptoms associated with these mental disorders.
Características sociodemográficas, familiares y clínicas asociadas con la intención de cesación del tabaquismo en fumadores atendidos en un hospital de cuarto nivel
Authors: Olaya Lina , Becerra Nelci , Cuevas Virginia , Almonacid Ingrid , Olejua Peter , Alba Luz Helena
Published: October 2021

Introducción. Las intervenciones dirigidas a la cesación del tabaquismo son una prioridad en los escenarios de atención médica, incluido el hospitalario.
Objetivo. Describir las características sociodemográficas, familiares y clínicas de fumadores atendidos en un hospital de cuarto nivel y establecer las variables asociadas con la intención de cesación del tabaquismo con el fin de optimizar el manejo del tabaquismo en el entorno hospitalario.
Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal realizado en 321 fumadores activos atendidos entre abril de 2018 y noviembre de 2019 en Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Se calculó la prevalencia de tabaquismo y se obtuvo información sociodemográfica, familiar y clínica, la cual fue analizada mediante estadística descriptiva. Se establecieron asociaciones entre dichas variables y la intención de cesación mediante un análisis bivariado (prueba χ²) y uno multivariado (modelo de regresión logística ordinal con sus correspondientes intervalos de confianza al 95%).
Resultados. La prevalencia de tabaquismo activo fue de 8.89% (IC95%: 7.97-9.82), (N=3609; n=321 fumadores activos). La mayoría fueron hombres (66.67%), de estrato socioeconómico bajo o medio (96.89%), con nivel educativo básico (52.34%) y el 42.06% estaban entre los 46 y 64 años. La mayoría de los fumadores activos tenían un grado leve de tabaquismo y un bajo nivel de dependencia a la nicotina (78.82% y 81.62%, respectivamente); además, el 78.82% reportó intentos previos de cesación. El tipo de familia predominante fue la nuclear (58.57%) y 40.19% de los fumadores experimentaban algún grado de disfuncionalidad familiar. Los fumadores con mayor percepción de beneficios derivados de dejar de fumar y con alta autoeficacia tienen una mayor probabilidad de realizar un intento de cesación de tabaquismo (OR=9.44; IC95%:1.27–85.03 y OR=3.73; IC95%: 1.55–8.78, respectivamente).
Conclusiones. La identificación y caracterización de fumadores en el entorno hospitalario brinda claves para personalizar las intervenciones de cesación del tabaquismo.
Nivel de satisfacción y correlación entre el desempeño y la autoevaluación de los estudiantes de fisioterapia en el examen clínico objetivo estructurado (ECOE) al utilizar agentes físicos
Authors: De la barra-Ortiz Hernán Andrés , Gómez-Miranda Luis Adrián , De la Fuente-Astroza Juan Ignacio
Published: October 2021

Introducción. La evaluación clínica objetiva estructurada (ECOE) es un instrumento validado que permite medir las habilidades clínicas de los estudiantes de ciencias de la salud, por lo que es importante conocer su nivel de satisfacción con esta estrategia, así como la correlación entre desempeño y autoevaluación.
Objetivo. Evaluar el nivel de satisfacción y la correlación entre el desempeño y la autoevaluación de estudiantes chilenos de fisioterapia en una ECOE diseñada para evaluar sus habilidades clínicas a la hora de usar agentes físicos.
Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal realizado en 114 estudiantes de fisioterapia que participaron en una ECOE de siete estaciones. Se utilizaron listas de verificación de desempeño en las estaciones (nota aprobatoria: 70% de la nota máxima por estación) y 2 encuestas de percepción para la autoevaluación y determinar el nivel de satisfacción. Se realizó la prueba de Rho de Spearman para determinar la correlación entre los puntajes por estación y la autoevaluación (nivel de significancia p<0.05).
Resultados. Se observaron medianas de puntajes superiores al aprobatorio en 5 estaciones (E1=66, RIC:52-70; E2 = 55, RIC:45-60; E3= 60, RIC:50-69; E4=65, RIC:55-73; E7=40, RIC:33-45), pero no en las estaciones de fortalecimiento e interpretación de parámetros (E5=54, RIC:46-65; E6=10, RIC:9-13). Se observó una correlación positiva y significativa entre los puntajes de la ECOE y la autoevaluación en cinco estaciones (E3: p=0.042; E4: p<0.0001; E5: p=0.000; E6: p=0.000; E7: p<0.0001). El nivel de satisfacción con la ECOE fue alto, con un 89.18% de aprobación respecto a cómo fue organizada.
Conclusión. La ECOE permitió evaluar las habilidades clínicas de los participantes al usar agentes físicos, siendo sus puntajes consistentes con la autoevaluación, lo que demuestra la utilidad del instrumento. El alto nivel de satisfacción con esta metodología da soporte a su uso, ya que los estudiantes reconocen su aporte y la importancia de usar herramientas similares para mejorar su formación.
Clinical usefulness of cancer antigen 125 biomarker for tuberculosis diagnosis: experience in Cali, Colombia
Authors: Leib Carl Sebastian , Parra-Lara Luis Gabriel , Pacheco Robinson , García-Goez Jose Fernando
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Diagnosing extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is a challenge for physicians. It has been suggested that cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), which is produced by mesothelial cells, may be an EPTB diagnostic biomarker.
Objective: To describe serum CA-125 levels behavior in patients with TB treated in a referral university hospital located in Cali, Colombia.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 99 TB patients with CA-125 measurements (U/mL) made before TB treatment was started, and treated at Fundación Valle del Lili between 2007 and 2016. Cases were classified as pulmonary TB (PTB) (n=33) or EPTB (n=66). A bivariate analysis was performed to compare the variables of interest (sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory findings data) between EPTB and PTB groups, and to determine differences between patients with CA-125 positive results and those with negative results in relation to mortality.
Results: Elevated CA-125 levels were reported in 55 patients (55.56%). Positive CA-125 results (>35 U/mL) were more frequent in the EPTB group (59.09% vs. 48.48%). In the EPTB group, positive results were found in tuberculous serositis cases (100% pericardial TB, 68.42% peritoneal TB and 66.66% pleural TB), and in 66.66% of miliary TB and TB of the spine cases, respectively. Also, 15 TB infection-related deaths were reported in the follow-up period (n=66), of which 13 had a CA-125 positive result, finding a significant difference with those with negative results (p=0.021), however 47.05% of the surviving patients also had a positive result.
Conclusions: Most of tuberculous serositis, miliary and TB of the spine cases showed elevated CA-125 levels before starting TB treatment. CA-125 may prove to be useful for prognostic purposes in these patients.
Characteristics of cyclic undrained model SANISAND-MSu and their effects on response of monopiles for offshore wind structures
Authors: Liu Haoyuan , Kaynia Amir M.
Published: October 2021

Optimised design is essential to reduce the cost of monopiles for offshore wind turbines. For this purpose, an in-depth understanding of the behaviour of monopile–soil interaction is required. As more wind farms are planned in seismically active areas, the undrained behaviour of sandy soils (and the possibility of soil liquefaction) and these soils’ effects on monopile cyclic response need critical evaluation. Considering the lack of well-established test programs, implicit three-dimensional (3D) finite-element (FE) methods stand out as a robust tool to identify and highlight the governing geo-mechanisms in monopile design. In this work, an implicit 3D FE implementation of SANISAND-MS for undrained soil behaviour, termed SANISAND-MSu, is deployed in OpenSees to serve these objectives. The role of pore-water pressure on monopile performance is comprehensively investigated by comparisons between drained and undrained soil behaviour. Local soil responses are studied in detail in relation to parameters in laboratory soil testing and application to monopile geotechnical design. The results of simulations are also used to evaluate numerical p–y curves as a function of the number of load cycles on the pile. The conclusions in this work contribute to ongoing research on monopile–soil interaction and support the development of lifetime analysis for monopile–soil systems.
The influence of ethical climate on academic cheating conduct mediated by self-interest
Authors: Luz Igor Pereira da , Wagnitz Pamela Raquel , Rengel Rodrigo
Published: October 2021

Academic cheating proves to be a concern in the professional education of students. In this context, the culture of the individuals (self-interest) and the environment (ethical climate) that meet may explain such behaviors. This study aimed to analyze the influence of ethical climate on academic cheating conduct mediated by self-interest among accounting students. The study is characterized as descriptive, quantitative, and of the survey type. The sample included 158 responses from accounting students from public and private universities located in southern Brazil. Exploratory factorial analysis was used for analyzing the data, and the partial least squares Structural Equation Modeling for testing the hypotheses. The results point out that the ethical climate perceived by the students influences self-interest and academic cheating conduct negatively, and that self-interest positively influences academic cheating conduct. It was also observed that self-interest acts as a mediator variable in the relationship between ethical climate and academic cheating conduct. The findings demonstrate that the cheating conduct may be motivated by the defense of student self-interest, besides being minimized by the ethical climate present in the university environment. In this sense, the study contributed to the accounting education literature by emphasizing the importance of rules and social responsibility in the conduct of undergraduate students. Also, by demonstrating that both personal and academic environment aspects may mold student behavior. From the exposed, greater dissemination and monitoring of programs that encourage good conduct is suggested, with the goal of propagating ethically accepted practices to avoid an environment conducive to cheating.
Public Sector Financial Balances Based on the System of National Accounts
Authors: Pasynkov Аleksey F.
Published: October 2021

Studies on the impact of government expenditures on regional and municipal development mainly focus on examining local budgets. Simultaneously, each territory has various channels for financing public needs and collecting taxes and other payments. Therefore, this research develops and tests a methodology to construct the public sector financial balance at the municipal level. The presented approach in based on the System of National Accounts (SNA), which considers expenditures and revenues of the federal, regional or municipal budgets as a single institutional sector, regardless of their affiliation. Therefore, in order to achieve the municipal financial balance, it is necessary to analyse tax payments at various budget levels, grouping them in accordance with the SNA classification. For calculating municipal expenditures, an original technique was developed to consider the costs of all public sector financial flows, including direct federal and regional sources. We use official information on municipal payroll obtained from the Federal State Statistics Service database. The net lending/borrowing ratio is taken as a balance indicator of supply and use. Public sector financial balances were constructed for 69 municipalities of Sverdlovsk oblast. Calculations have shown that, on average, public sector expenditure is almost equally divided between regional and federal budgets (one half) and municipal budgets (another half). Various municipality types were identified: 9 donors of public administration resources in Sverdlovsk oblast; 5 territories (including Ekaterinburg city) with a moderate deficit of internal resources; 35 municipalities with a significant lack of finances; 11 areas completely dependent on public administration resources. This work is part of the research aiming to develop the System of Territorial Accounts, tat is, an SNA analogue that can be implemented at the regional and municipal levels.
Spatial Shift-Share Analysis as a Tool for Studying the Economic Development of Russia’s Macroregions
Authors: Kotov Alexandr V.
Published: October 2021

Structural analysis of regional economies plays a significant role in political decision-making. In the context of Russian regional development, a new research topic emerges at the level of economic macroregions as defined in the current Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation. The present work aims to empirically evaluate the use of shift-share analysis to clarify the contribution of the neighbourhood effect in addition to national and regional growth factors. The proposed approach incorporates structural shifts of spatial interactions into the classical method using various matrices (adjacency, neighbourhood). Macroregional economic growth was decomposed on the basis of consolidated sectoral structural dynamics and national development stages from 2004–2018 to reveal specific features of structural growth. It was determined that the most significant effects at all stages are those generated by national economic policy. Regional effects are especially important for macroregions whose development is characterised by substantial state support combined with an adequate resource base. Negative values of the spatial sectoral shift persisting across all macroregions testify to the positive mutual influence of macroregional specialisation and intensified interregional cooperation. Sectoral effects were observed only for particular economic sectors or at certain macroregional development stages. Recommendations for strengthening interregional interactions are proposed on the basis of the enlarged typology of structural effects in macroregions. Comparative analysis confirmed the consistency of estimates obtained using standard and spatial shift-share methods. Future research will focus on clarifying the structure of spatial relationships and detailing actual interregional economic interactions in the form of products and goods exchanged between macroregions.
Challenges impacting functional recovery experienced by Mental Health Care Users with Major Depressive Disorder after a short-term admission to hospital
Authors: de Witt Patricia A. , Roestorff-Hambrock Nadia , Adams Fasloen , Franzsen Denise
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Major Depressive Disorder often has a chronic course. Mental Health Care Users (MHCUs) with this diagnosis report experiencing challenges with the transition to their home and in resuming their previous activities of daily living or their functional recovery after a short-term admission to hospital. This research aimed to explore these challenges which these MHCUs perceived had contributed to their re-admission within a six-month period METHODS: A qualitative descriptive design was used to explore these challenges. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with eleven participants and analysed thematically RESULTS: Data analysis generated two themes: 'Inability to fully benefit from the therapeutic programme' and Life was not what I expected it to be after discharge'. Participants reported struggling to participate fully in the occupational therapy programme during admission and with the abrupt transition from hospital to home. They reported challenges in implementing changes that they had committed to in hospital and a lack of support from significant others. The greatest challenge reported by participants was in the social participation category of occupation and their experiencing extreme loneliness and isolation after discharge CONCLUSION: The unresolved challenges experienced by participants during hospitalisation and after discharge were perceived to be detrimental to their functional recovery Keywords: major depressive disorder, mental health, re-admission, functional recovery
Stratigraphy and Depositional Setting of the Lower Missourian (Pennsylvanian) Bethany Falls and Mound Valley Limestones, Analogues for Age-Equivalent Ooid-Grainstone Reservoirs, Kansas
Authors: French John A. , Watney W. Lynn
Published: October 2021

Significant quantities of mobile oil remain in Pennsylvanian reservoirsin the midcontinent region of the United States. To recover this oil efficiently, we mustunderstand the factors that control heterogeneity in these complex reservoirs. One wayto accomplish this is to evaluate reservoir-quality carbonate units that occur in both theoutcrop and the shallow subsurface as analogues to equivalent producing zones. Insoutheastern Kansas the lower Missourian Bethany Falls and Mound Valley limestonescontain oolitic grainstones similar to coeval productive lithofacies that occur in thedeeper subsurface to the west. Depositional sequence analysis of these grainstone-bearing units suggests that (1) at least two cycles of relative sea-level change led to thedeposition of discrete oolitic grainstones that are separated by subaerial exposuresurfaces, with these surfaces strongly influencing the vertical distribution of porosity,and (2) the character and distribution of reservoir-scale grainstone buildups werestrongly controlled by preexisting depositional topography.