bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
System of innovative business strategic management of the enterprise
Authors: Aziza Tohirovna Ahmedova
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the system of innovative business strategic management of the enterprise. The relationship between the content of competitive strategies and the adoption of innovative decisions in a specific strategic area of ​​management is substantiated, a mechanism for the formation and implementation of innovative strategies is proposed, including the analysis of the external environment, the definition of the goals and objectives of the innovative development of the enterprise.
The process of laying the rover on the surface of the cartridge
Authors: Djurabekova.D.R.,  , Babadjanov.S.Kh  , Joldasova.A
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the force acting on the roving turn in the winding body under various flooring conditions. When the thread touches the rigid chuck, on the surface of the roving package, if there is a thick layer of winding under the roving.
Formation of ecological culture and education through photography
Authors: Tashmukhamedova Gulnora Khudayberdievna  , Bazarbayev Batyr Zholdasovich  , Azamat-Akhunova Nozima
Published: January 2021

Issues related to environmental pollution are considered. It is shown that the root cause of this phenomenon is the lack of environmental culture and education in people. It is proposed by means of photography to influence the consciousness of the public and, through emotions, cause an appropriate reaction in people and give them an impulse to assess their attitude to nature.
Methodological features of graphic tools
Authors: Anvar Haydarov
Published: January 2021

This article discusses graphic stylistic devices in the English and Uzbek languages, the “additional” meanings expressed in them. Some similarities and differences between graphic devices in English and Uzbek have been analyzed on the basis of examples from literary works in both languages. Attention is also paid to the fact that graphic stylistic devices are represented by various punctuation marks.
Attitude to labor in Russian and Uzbek cultures (on the example of folk proverbs)
Authors: Isaeva Gulnora Abdukadirovna
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the study of Russian and Uzbek proverbs about labor. As a result of the research, five categories were identified: attitudes toward work, effort, timely work, skill, and patience. The authors of the article identified similar and distinctive features in the proverbs of the studied languages.
National cultural features of the concept “OSTONA” (on the example of S.Ahmad’s Novel “UFQ”)
Authors: Mahmudova Sadoqat
Published: January 2021

To date, the problem of language and culture compatibility has attracted the attention of many scholars, linguists and researchers. Different approaches to this topic are being studied in the fields of linguistics, such as linguocultural studies, psycholinguistics, ethnolinguistics, sociolinguistics, history, and literature. Researchers have explored the relationship between language and culture, and have explored whether they are interconnected permanent units or important complementary components.
Combination of image and spirituality in Odil Yakubov's novel "Old World"
Authors: Zaynutdinova Gulnoza
Published: January 2021

This article examines in detail the imagery methods used in Odil Yakubov's novel “Old World”, such as portraits, landscapes, and battle scenes, and analyzes the author's effective use of these imagery techniques in illuminating artistic psychology.
Improving the mechanism as a means of sustainable industries of Uzbekistan
Authors: Safarov B.Sh
Published: January 2021

The article examines and highlights the problems , related to the poor use of the capacity of the regions of Uzbekistan . To improve the current situation during a pandemic, some sectors of the economy, taking into account world experience, need strengthening and marketing. Today different mechanisms for production of interaction have been proposedat the regional level. This approach is capable of radically changing the structure of the regional economy.
A healthy lifestyle in the family is an important factor in developing living standards of our people
Authors: Siroj  Ruzimuradov
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes a healthy environment developing issues in the family that has been shaping for centuries. It provides recommendations for upbringing children in a family setting and raising them healthy.
Mythology in folklore and its features
Authors: Hikmatova Muqadas Nurilloevna
Published: January 2021

In the article, folk art - artistic, creative-practical and amateur activity of the masses; folklore, folk music (folklore), folk theater (performing arts), folk dances (dances), puppetry, wood and wooden foot games (folk circus), folk fine and applied arts of traditional material and intangible culture information and examples of art and technical and artistic hobbies
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF CARIES PREVENTION DUE TO THE TIMING OF THE ERUPTION AND MINERALIZATION OF PERMANENT TEETH IN CHILDREN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors: M. SH. Afakova  , S. S. Murtazaev
Published: January 2021

The process of mineralization or maturation of enamel occurs within 3-5 years after teething. Numerous clinical observations indicate that caries develops most intensively in the first years after teething, which coincides with the period of immature enamel. Due to the mineralization of enamel, its resistance to caries increases. The terms of eruption and mineralization of permanent teeth in school-age children with the physiological development of the child coincide with the terms of complete resorption of the roots of temporary teeth.
The role of phrasal verbs in phraseology
Authors: Adizova Munira
Published: January 2021

The aim of this article is to supplement existing research on English phraseology and its use in literary works by exploring the behavioural patterns of phrasal verbs, which is a recognized challenge among English language learners. This article contrasts a number of phrasal verbs and highlights their active use among the language speakers. This work includes collocation of phrasal verbs, their semantic preference and sequence. Each idea is supported by a definition and fairly illustrated by examples
Lagerstroemia indica l. high potential medicinal plant in introduction conditions of kashkadarya
Authors: Sharonova Mohidil Amanovna  , Rashit Rakhimovich Rakhmonov  , Zulfikarov Abdurayim Naimovich
Published: January 2021

LAGERSTROEMIA INDICA L. has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, Alzheimer's, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective and antithrombin effects. 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene, n-Undekan, Pelargonaldehyde, n-Dodekan, 1,1-Dibutoxibutane, Triacetylglycerin, 4,4,7a-trimethyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydrobenzofuran-2 (4H) –on, tsis-Pinan, neophytadiene, chlorpyrifos, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, saponins, sterols, triterpenes, anthraquinones, reducing compounds, flavonoids (flavanones / dihydroflavonols and chalcones) and phenolic glycosides. This article discusses the chemical composition, components, and pharmacological effects of Indian lagerstroemia indica L
Klasifikasi Aktivitas Manusia menggunakan metode Ensemble Stacking berbasis Smartphone
Authors: Aziz Firman
Published: January 2021

Dengan perkembangan teknologi yang semakin pesat, kini smartphone dapat mengenali aktivitas manusia menggunakan sensor accelerometer dan gyroscope yang telah tertanam didalamnya dengan menghasilkan ratusan bahkan ribuan record dan membutuhkan metode data mining untuk melakukan pengelompokkan berdasarkan output tersebut. Metode data mining yang memiliki kinerja lebih baik dibandingkan metode lainnya adalah SVM tetapi sensitif terhadap parameter setting dan training sample yang menyebabkan performa tidak maksimal maka ensemble adalah solusinya. Penelitian ini mengusulkan penerapan metode ensemble Stacking untuk melakukan klasifikasi aktivitas manusia berbasis sensor accelerometer dan gyroscope. Hasil menunjukkan kinerja ensemble Stacking dengan akurasi 99.2%, sensitivity 99.6% dan specificity 98.7%.
Implementation of Data Mining Using C4.5 Algorithm on Customer Satisfaction in Tirta Lihou PDAM
Authors: Sinaga Titin Handayani , Wanto Anjar , Gunawan Indra , Sumarno Sumarno , Nasution Zulaini Masruro
Published: January 2021

This application applies the C4.5 Algorithm to decide customer satisfaction, the C4.5 algorithm is one of the algorithms used to classify or segment, or group and it is predictive. This type of research is a classification with the concept of data mining involving 150 customers of PDAM Tirta Lihou in Totap Majawa Kab. Simalungun can be categorized as: "Satisfied and Dissatisfied". The meaning of Data Mining is an interdisciplinary subfield of computer science and statistics with the overall objective of extracting information (with intelligent methods) from data sets and converting information into understandable structures for further use. There are 5 criteria that can affect customer satisfaction, among others: Service Facilities (x1), Price Rates (x2), Smooth Water (x3), Corporate Image (x4), and Location (x5). The results of processing the C4.5 method using the RapidMiner Studio 5.3 software mean that Rapid Miner is a solution for analyzing data mining, text mining, and predictive analysis. Rapid Miner uses various descriptive and predictive techniques in providing insight to users so that they can make the best decisions with the level of accuracy, namely, class recall and class precision values, it is explained that the "Satisfied" category produces a class recall of 97.80% and a class precision of 97.80%. 98.89% and the "Not Satisfied" category resulted in a class recall of 98.31% and a class of precision of 96.67%. And the above accuracy results from the calculation of the C4.5 algorithm is 98.0%.
Keywords: C4.5 Algorithm, Data Mining, Customer Satisfaction, PDAM Tirta Lihou
Individual • Society • Country: A Study on the Triple Path of College Students’ Ideal Personality Cultivation in the New Era
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: January 2021

The new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics requires qualified builders and successors. At present, some students have problems such as self-alienation and personality loss. They are weak in psychological quality, lacking in ideological and moral cultivation. Their ndividual subjective personality has not been well developed. The main reason is that they have not adapted well to the social transformation caused by the rapid development of China, and have failed to deal with personal physical and mental relations, personal and social relations, and personal and national relations. Therefore, we need the joint efforts of individuals, society and the state to help them get out of the personality dilemma as soon as possible and cultivate the ideal personality to adapt to the development of society through the integrated education system of individual selfeducation, social pluralism, common education and national guidance.
Statistical Analysis of AC Dielectric Strength for Palm Oil under the Influence of Moisture
Authors: Shukri Muhammad Safwan , Azis Norhafiz , Jasni Jasronita , Yunus Robiah , Yaakub Zaini
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a statistical study on the AC Breakdown Voltage (BDV) of Refined, Bleached and Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) olein under the influence of moisture. Different moisture contents of the RBPDPO were prepared by drying the RBDPO in the oven at different time intervals. The AC BDV test of RBDPO was performed whereby the distance between 2 electrodes was set to 1 mm. The statistical analyses of AC BDV data for RBDPO were carried out based on normal, lognormal and Weibull distributions. It was shown that as the moisture content increased, the AC BDV of RDBPO decreased exponentially. Statistical analyses revealed that the AC BDV data with different moisture contents had platykurtic distributions. Moisture could influence the skewness of the distribution whereby the tail shifted from right to left as the content increased. At different moisture contents of RBDPO, most of the AC BDV data of RBDPO could be represented by Weibull distribution.
Diversity Profiling of Helminth Eggs in Waste Stabilisation Ponds in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana
Authors: ABAGALE Felix K. , OSEI Richard A
Published: January 2021

coming...
The application of threshold gold values based on geochemical exploration in complex regolith terrains: A case study at Lawra Greenstone Belt of Northwest Ghana
Authors: ARHIN Emmanuel , ARHIN Atta A. Y.
Published: January 2021

coming....
Síndrome de Rubinstein-Taybi: Reporte de caso con 7 años de seguimiento
Authors: Monteiro de Oliveira Suzana Cavalcanti , Campos Burigo Robson , Araujo de Lucena Lira Gerana , Bissoto Calvo Ana Flávia , Kerber Tedesco Tamara , Pettorossi Imparato José Carlos
Published: January 2021

El síndrome de Rubinstein-Taybi (SRT) es una rara anomalía congénita, de etiología todavía incierta. Su incidencia es de 1:100 000 a 1:300 000 nacimientos. El objetivo de este reporte de caso fue describir los hallazgos orofaciales y el acompañamiento dental por 7 años de un paciente del sexo masculino diagnosticado como portador del SRT. Las principales características orofaciales observadas fueron: mirada antimongoloide, “nariz en pico”, orejas grandes y de baja inserción, estatura corta, gran cantidad de cabello, pequeña abertura de boca, queilitis angular, paladar estrecho y profundo, apiñamiento dental, mordida cruzada posterior bilateral, hipomineralización de molares primarios (HMP), hipomineralización de molares e incisivos (HMI), mala higiene oral, presencia de cálculos supragingival, gingivitis y gran número de lesiones de caries activas. El SRT muestra muchas manifestaciones orofaciales y su conocimiento puede ayudar en el diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano. Las consultas odontológicas a intervalos más cortos ayudan a acondicionar al paciente y reducen el riesgo de lesiones de caries y problemas gingivales.
INVENTORY OF THE GEOMORPHOSITES OF THE COAST OF THE PIAUÍ/INVENTÁRIO DOS GEOFORMOSSÍTIOS DO LITORAL DO PIAUÍ
Authors: SHEYDDER DE OLIVEIRA LOPES LARYSSA
Published: January 2021

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi fazer o inventário dos geomorfossítios do litoral piauiense. Apesar da pouca extensão de sua linha de costa - 66km - a área em estudo, é marcada por uma variedade de feições geomorfológicas, como: faixa praial; campos de dunas; planícies fluviais; planícies flúvio-marinhas; planícies flúvio-lacustres e tabuleiro costeiro. A metodologia baseou-se na pesquisa de gabinete, pesquisa de campo e mapeamento dos geomorfossítios. Os geomorfossítios Delta do Parnaíba, Pedra do Sal, Lagoa do Portinho, Estuário Cardoso/Camurupim, Macapá, e Estuário Ubatuba/Timonha apresentampotencial geoturístico e todos são passíveis de serem utilizados para fins didático e científico. Ressalta-se a importância do mapeamento geoturístico, a indicação de roteiros didáticos para auxiliar professores e alunos na pesquisa de campo, assim como a elaboração de meios interpretativos
Application of Singular Spectrum Analysis in Deep-Ocean Tide Reconstruction and Prediction
Authors: KOAD Peeravit , JAROENSUTASINEE Krisanadej
Published: January 2021

This study utilized the Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) approach to perform time series orthogonalization and demonstrated its use by analyzing vertical tidal acceleration and sea level time series from different deep-ocean locations. This method quantifies astronomical variations by using decomposed vertical tidal acceleration to reconstruct and predict deep-ocean tide. The results show that each decomposed vertical tidal acceleration can be associated with the decomposed sea level having at least 5 astronomical variations. Their associated energies can also be used to diagnose the change of the oceanic tide response to tidal acceleration. Performance evaluation also shows that this method can give comparable reconstruction accuracy and slightly better prediction accuracy compared to the harmonic analysis-based method. It is indicated that the proposed method is accurate enough to be applied in a tsunami detection algorithm. The results also indicate that the proposed method is stable enough to provide unpropagated prediction residuals.
Análisis de resultados área de competencias ciudadanas en seis instituciones educativas de la ciudad de Medellín (Colombia)
Authors: LUJAN David A. , LEMMEL-VELEZ Karen ,   Instituto Técnico industrial Pascual Bravo. Colombia, RIOS Rosalba ,   Instituto Técnico industrial Pascual Bravo. Colombia, MEJIA Bernardo A. ,   Instituto Técnico industrial Pascual Bravo. Colombiat
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se reflexiona sobre los resultados obtenidos en seis instituciones educativas de la ciudad de Medellín de los grados 3°, 5°, 7°, 9° y 11° en cuanto a competencias ciudadanas se refiere. Se aplicaron pruebas de 20 ítems cada una con diferentes niveles de desempeño y complejidad. Se obtuvo como resultado la existencia de dificultades en relación a lo cognitivo y no cognitivo de las competencias ciudadanas.
Digitalization - relationship with the research area and education. One of the principal strategic directions of growth of agricultural land users
Authors:   Vyatka State Agricultural Academy, Russia, DYACHKOV Valery P. , SOFINA Elena V. ,   Vyatka State Agricultural Academy, Russia
Published: January 2021

The article reveals a new structure for the implementation of the electronic textbook for the study of the discipline "Financial Management" in the form of a system of electronic educational complexes (EEC). This system includes twelve independent electronic educational complexes, each of which consists of five modules necessary for studying new material, developing practical skills in applying theoretical knowledge based on problem solving, and also testing generated competencies through testing.
Factores que inciden en la prueba de competencias científicas en estudiantes colombianos
Authors:   Universidad Industrial de Santander, VELASCO Andres , BARRIOS Nelson , PALACIOS Jairo
Published: January 2021

El estudio de los factores asociados al desarrollo de competencias científicas en estudiantes de primaria de las instituciones educativas oficiales se realiza mediante un análisis estadístico de significancia bivariada que permite observar el nivel de asociación entre las categorías utilizadas. Para esta investigación se diseña y aplican tres instrumentos: dos a estudiantes (prueba de competencias científicas y factores asociados) y uno a docentes (factores asociados). Los resultados enfocan la atención del aprendizaje en aspectos propios del contexto, enseñanza de las ciencias, escuela y familia, resaltando la influencia de estos en la apropiación de las competencias científicas.
Factores que influyen en el deportista de rendimiento para avanzar en su práctica en el patinaje modalidad carreras
Authors:   Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas. Colombia, MARTINEZ-MONROY Sorayda , MURCIA Immer O. ,   Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas. Colombia, ALVARADO-TORRES Jhon E. ,   Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas. Colombia
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo es producto de investigación desde una perspectiva Bio-ética, con enfoque cualitativo y alcance descriptivo que permitió identificar factores que influyen en el deportista de rendimiento para avanzar en su práctica en el patinaje modalidad carreras, afiliados a clubes y/o escuelas de la localidad de Kennedy de la ciudad de Bogotá, D.C. Se realiza contexto sobre deporte y adolescencia, incluyendo a los actores que intervienen en el proceso deportivo (padres de familia, entrenadores, academia y clubes de patinaje).
Criterios de usabilidad para la evaluación de repositorios institucionales de investigación
Authors:   Universidad Cesar Vallejo - Sede Los Olivos. Peru, ALVITES Pedro A. , CHANCHI Gabriel E. ,   Universidad de Cartagena. Colombia, DE LA CRUZ Percy E. ,   Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Perut
Published: January 2021

Uno de los medios más importantes para almacenar, usar y divulgar diferentes recursos académicos son los repositorios de investigación. Con el propósito de mejorar el diseño centrado en el usuario en estos repositorios, se propuso como aporte un conjunto de criterios de verificación categorizados en siete heurísticas de usabilidad. Mediante estos criterios y heurísticas, se desarrolló una herramienta de evaluación que fue utilizada para la conducción de una inspección sobre el repositorio académico de la Universidad de Lima, permitiendo obtener un conjunto de recomendaciones para mejorar la usabilidad del repositorio.
Portfolios electrónicos de lenguas: un estudio comparativo
Authors:   Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. España, LUELMO Maria J.
Published: January 2021

El Portfolio Europeo de Lenguas es hoy una herramienta en desuso, aunque en el contexto educativo actual sería deseable contar con un portfolio específico para el aprendizaje de idiomas. Se ha identificado que uno de los aspectos clave que podría contribuir tanto a la reactivación del proyecto como a las buenas prácticas es la creación de portfolios con un formato actualizado. Este artículo analizará diversos e-portfolios de lenguas para poder identificar las características que un potencial nuevo PEL debería tener.
Gebelerin Doğumda Ebelerden Beklentileri
Authors: İLDAN ÇALIM Selda , DEMİRCİ Hülya , CAMBAZ ULAŞ Seval
Published: January 2021

Amaç: Araştırmanın amacı, gebe kadınların doğumda ebelerden beklentilerini incelemektir.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırma, tanımlayıcı tiptedir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, bir devlet hastanesinin gebe polikliniğine başvuran 170 gebe oluşturmuştur. Araştırmaya, 20.gebelik haftası üzerinde, iletişim engeli olmayan ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden gebeler alınmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında anket formu kullanılmıştır. Anket formu, sosyodemografik veriler, obstetrik öykü ve doğumda ebelerden beklentilere ilişkin 17 sorudan oluşmaktadır. Araştırma için kurum izni, etik kurul izni ve katılımcılardan yazılı onam belgesi alınmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve ki-kare testi kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Araştırma grubunu oluşturan gebelerin yaş ortalamaları 27,00±5,27’dir. Çalışmaya katılan gebelerin %58,2’si 36-40 gebelik haftalar arasında yer almaktadır. Gebelerin doğumlarına katılan ebelerde en fazla olmasını beklediği ilk üç özellik; empati kurma (%24,1), güler yüzlü olma (%21,2) ve iyi davranmadır (%15,9). Gebelerin doğumlarına katılan ebelerde olmasını istemedikleri özellikler ise; asabi (%50,6), kaba davranma (%27,6) ve ilgisiz olma (%5,9) belirtilmiştir. Yaş, eğitim, çalışma durumu, gebelik haftası, parite, gebe bilgilendirme sınıfına katılma ile ebelerden beklenilen ve beklenilmeyen bazı özellikler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p
The similarities between the Arab spring and the 2013 protests in Brazil
Authors: Arafa Mohamed , Silva Lucas Reis da , Santos Rafael Moreno de Santiago
Published: January 2021

The study to be done in the courseof this article aims to analyze the influence of the Arab Spring on the manifestations that occurred in Brazil in 2013, culminating in the impeachment of the then President of the Republic. As a result, there is still the scope to identify the correlation between the attitudes adopted by protesters in the Arab world and in Brazil. Methodologically, the research is classified as inductive, of scientific and explicative character, with aqualitative approach and is characterized as an observational case study. The research instrument was only bibliographic analysis.
Picturing the Woman-Child
Authors: Laing Morna
Published: January 2021

The childlike character of ideal femininity has long been critiqued by feminists from Mary Wollstonecraft to Simone de Beauvoir. This book examines the representation of women as childlike in western fashion media, and asks why this figure continues to hold appeal to women following three (or even four) waves of feminism.

Exploring the ways in which the childlike model of femininity has cemented inequality between the sexes, Picturing the Woman-Child interrogates the centrality of this model in today’s fashion media. Drawing on British fashion magazines including Vogue, i-D and Lula, and based on original research into audience response, it focuses on how the meaning of childlike femininity has evolved in the years between 1990 and 2015.

Taking us from Lolita to the catwalks of haute couture fashion houses, the book tests out theories on the ‘female gaze’ by inviting contemporary women to comment on images of the ‘woman-child’. Both scholarly and accessible, it paves the way for future studies on how individuals make sense of fashion imagery.
Middle Eastern American Theatre
Authors: Malek Najjar Michael
Published: January 2021

Middle Eastern American Theatre explores the burgeoning Middle Eastern American theatre movement with a focus on Arab American, Jewish American, Armenian American, Iranian American, and Turkish American theatres, playwrights, directors, and actors. By exploring the rich religious and cultural heritage of this diverse group - which includes Arabs, Armenians, Iranians, Jews, and Turks - and religions that include the Bahai faith, Christianity, Chaldean, Druze, Ishik Alevism, Judaism, Islam, Mandaeism, Samaratin, Shabakism, Yazidi, and Zoroastrianism - the rich and paradoxical nature of the term 'Middle Eastern' is interrogated through the dramas written and performed by those in the Diaspora.

The author provides a clear introduction and examination of the context and the various push and pull factors that have contributed to the mass migrations to North America - including the so-called “Great Migration” of 1890-1915, the Armenian Genocide, the European Holocaust, the two world wars, the Israeli/Palestinian conflict, and other social and political conflicts. With chapters devoted to Arab American, Israeli American, Iranian American and Turkish American theatre, Middle Eastern American Theatre traces the history and examines the work of key artists including Heather Raffo, Yussef El Guindi, Jamil Khoury, Mona Mansour, Danny Bryck, Ken Kaissar, Ari Roth, Torange Yeghiazarian, Reza Abdoh, Sedef Ecer, Melis Aker, and Evren Odcikin.

The volume provides readers with a deeper and more nuanced understanding of millions of Middle Eastern Americans, and how they have contributed to American theatre today.
Writing in Coffee Shops
Authors: Craig Ryan
Published: January 2021

What makes someone a playwright?

How do their identities and ideas interweave and co-exist?

What permanent truths can we discern from examining existing texts?

How can we write theatre that encapsulates the contemporary moment?

How do we develop an idea from the embryonic impulse to a full and robust piece of theatre?

In this fresh, lively and often very funny book, playwright Ryan Craig makes a case for the vitality of playwriting in our contemporary world and offers a way into writing those plays.

From the very first moment of the process, as you sit in a coffee shop, staring at your ‘laptop yawning open like some big, gormless mouth, the screen a flickering blank’, to seeing your play staged and reviewed, the author takes you through the complete journey.

Drawing on his own experience of writing for theatres such as the National, Hampstead and Tricycle and Menier Chocolate Factory, TV drama scripts for BBC, ITV and Channel Four, radio plays and adaptation, as well as commercial theatre, the author explores what practical tools the dramatist can use to write plays that build bridges between us.

Full of practical advice for the aspiring – and practising – playwright, this book is also an important call-to-arms for playwrights everywhere, arguing for its necessity in the context of an increasingly fractured, distracted, disconnected world.
Experiencing Cinema
Authors: Pett Emma
Published: January 2021

Film is often conceived as a medium that is watched rather than experienced. Existing studies of film audiences, and of media reception more broadly, have revealed the complexity of viewing practices and cultures surrounding cinema-going and its exhibition spaces. Experiencing Cinema offers the first in-depth study of participant engagement with a range of experiential media forms derived from cinema culture. From sing-a-long screenings to theatrical extravaganzas, a broad spectrum of alternative film-going practices and immersive spaces are explored and analysed in this original audience study.

Moving from intimate community gatherings to blockbuster urban venues, from isolated farmhouses to Olympic stadia, Experiencing Cinema considers the lure and value of these popular events. Often attracting a diverse, intergenerational range of participants, from early-adopter urban hipsters to DIY rural communities, the growing demand for participatory cinema within the contemporary marketplace is analysed alongside broader debates circulating around the move away from traditional tiered seating and increased audience mobility and the de-centring of the film text.
The Role of Information Technology (IT) in the Economic Development of Palestine
Authors:   Department of Computerized Financing and Banking, College of Business and Economics, Palestine Technical University- Kadoorie, Tulkarm, Palestine., Ayyash Issam
Published: January 2021

Information technology plays vital role in the development of every country. Developed country transformed all they operations but developing counties are still struggling for implementation. The aim of this study is to empirically investigate the impact of information technology in economic development of Palestine. This is quantitative study and the questionnaire was adopted from well reputed studies. The data was collected through convenience sampling and analyzed through multiple regression method by using SPSS. The finding of this study revealed that all hypothesis is accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that all four aspects of IT have positive and significant effect of economic development of the country. This study help manages to understand the importance of IT while decision making. This study help government in policy making. Next study can be conducted on the other aspects of economic development and IT.
Catastrophe in an Age of Enlightenment
Authors: Kierner Cynthia A.
Published: January 2021

The greatest European calamity of the eighteenth century, the 1755 Lisbon earthquake is often called the “first modern disaster” in part because of the vigorously rational inquiry into its causes, which informed a self-consciously scientific post-disaster rebuilding effort. Examining responses to the Lisbon earthquake (and to the seemingly related Cape Ann earthquake, which occurred in Massachusetts three weeks later), this chapter interprets these episodes as a cultural event that drew on both Enlightenment rationalism and ideals of sensibility to forge a modern culture of disaster in embryonic form. This chapter focuses on three key developments: the interplay between religious and scientific explanations for the earthquake, even among some clergy; its unusually rich popular culture, which included unprecedented numbers of visual representations and Voltaire’s Candide, along with widely circulated eyewitness accounts by merchants and sea captains; and the remarkable international relief effort to aid earthquake victims, which included significant and widely publicized contributions from King George II and the British Parliament.
Eloquence Embodied
Authors: Carayon Céline
Published: January 2021

Taking a fresh look at the first two centuries of French colonialism in the Americas, this book answers the long-standing question of how and how well Indigenous Americans and Europeans communicated with each other during colonial encounters. French explorers and colonists in the sixteenth century noticed that Indigenous peoples from Brazil to Canada used signs to communicate. The newcomers, in response, quickly embraced the nonverbal as a means to overcome cultural and language barriers throughout French America. Céline Carayon's close examination of French accounts, combined with her multidisciplinary methodology, enables her to recover these sophisticated Native practices of embodied expression. In a colonial world where communication and trust were essential but complicated by the multiplicity of Indigenous languages, intimate and sensory communications ensured that colonists and Indigenous peoples understood each other well. Understanding, in turn, bred both genuine personal bonds and violent antagonisms. Nonverbal communication shaped Indigenous resistance to colonial pressures across the Americas just as it fueled the French imperial imagination and strategies. Challenging the notion of colonial America as a site of misunderstandings and insurmountable cultural clashes, Carayon shows that Natives and newcomers used nonverbal means to build relationships before the rise of linguistic fluency--and, crucially, well afterward.
Conclusion
Authors: Carayon Céline
Published: January 2021

The conclusion provides a synthetic summary of the book’s main arguments and extends its lessons into the eighteenth century. Long after the age of exploration, nonverbal communication continued to occupy a crucial place in French colonization schemes and strategies, in Indigenous resistance to colonial ambitions and the pursuit of Indian nations’ agendas, and in the joint creation of an evolving balance of power in the Atlantic world. The French claimed a special proficiency in nonverbal forms of expression that gave them an edge against their European competitors. Because Indigenous practices and oral traditions were in reality so influential in shaping colonies, the conclusion puts to the test the French’ claim of exceptionalism, and brings comparisons to the experiences of the Spanish and the English in select regions of the Americas. Drawing preliminary conclusions, the author invites further scholarship on nonverbal communication in these colonial contexts. In the end, the French mastery of nonverbal communication was not a mark of a more benign style of colonialism, but instead directly contributed to the violence, erasure, and subjection applied against Indigenous peoples in colonial America.
Disparate Designs
Authors: Crandall Maurice
Published: January 2021

This chapter illustrates how the United States pursued a variety of policies in its attempts to incorporate Indigenous peoples in Arizona during the territorial period. Hopis in northern Arizona appeared to be ideal candidates for citizenship. The federal government attempted allotment in severalty, boarding school education, opening business ventures in Hopi territory, and outright force, but Hopis proved resistant to all such efforts, never embracing citizenship and the franchise. After decades of genocidal policies by the governments of Sonora and Mexico, many Yaquis eventually sought refuge across the border in the United States, establishing communities such as Pascua and Guadalupe. As refugees in southern Arizona, Yaquis largely stayed out of the eyes of public officials while participating widely in the regional economy. They did not participate in Arizona electoral politics, nor did they fully transplant their Spanish-influenced systems of town government. Similar to Hopis, Tohono O’odhams were also subjected to allotment (on the San Xavier del Bac Reservation) and boarding schools, and viewed as promising potential citizens by U.S. officials. But similar to New Mexico Pueblos, Hopis, and Yaquis, Tohono O’odams preferred to stay outside of mainstream electoral politics in favor of protecting their own national sovereignty.
The Second American Revolution
Authors: Downs Gregory P.
Published: January 2021

Much of the confusion about a central event in United States history begins with the name: the Civil War. In reality, the Civil War was not merely civil--meaning national--and not merely a war, but instead an international conflict of ideas as well as armies. Its implications transformed the U.S. Constitution and reshaped a world order, as political and economic systems grounded in slavery and empire clashed with the democratic process of republican forms of government. And it spilled over national boundaries, tying the United States together with Cuba, Spain, Mexico, Britain, and France in a struggle over the future of slavery and of republics. Gregory P. Downs argues that we can see the Civil War anew by understanding it as a revolution. More than a fight to preserve the Union and end slavery, the conflict refashioned a nation, in part by remaking its Constitution. More than a struggle of brother against brother, it entailed remaking an Atlantic world that centered in surprising ways on Cuba and Spain. Downs introduces a range of actors not often considered as central to the conflict but clearly engaged in broader questions and acts they regarded as revolutionary. This expansive canvas allows Downs to describe a broad and world-shaking war with implications far greater than often recognized.
Reunited with Bands of Iron
Authors: Huffard R. Scott
Published: January 2021

This chapter details how white southerners used the economic and cultural power of the railroad to reunify with the North and to move beyond the sectional tensions of the Civil War. For white southerners, the memory of the war and the destruction of the region’s railroads inspired calls for new development. Travel narratives and arguments from boosters like Henry Grady show how these elites saw the railroad as critical to idea that a New South would rise. The chapter then goes into a discussion of how northern railroad corporations like the Illinois Central and Louisville & Nashville pursued southern expansion strategies after the Civil War. Finally, the chapter discusses a key moment of reunification in 1886, when southern railroads shifted the gauge of thousands of miles of track to match the northern standard gauge.
Conjure the Railroad
Authors: Huffard R. Scott
Published: January 2021

This chapter discusses how African Americans tried to harness the magic of the southern railroad and how white southerners tried to circumscribe this power. It opens with a discussion of the myth of Black Ulysses and black folk songs to show how black men would “conjure the railroad” and invoke its magic as they toiled to build lines and moves into a discussion of the racialized convict labor system that companies used to build much of the railroad mileage in the South. In other aspects of railroad labor, white officials limited advancement of black workers and kept them in subservient roles like the Pullman Porter. Through a discussion of travel narratives, the chapter shows how white travellers used the railroad to apply new pernicious stereotypes to African Americans. While black activists like Ida B. Wells tried to fight for equal access to rail travel, white authorities moved to segregate railroads and the supreme court case that ultimately enshrined Jim Crow segregation – Plessy v Ferguson – took place after a challenge to a railroad’s segregation policies.
Damnable Conspiracies
Authors: Huffard R. Scott
Published: January 2021

This chapter traces anxieties over railroad safety and train wrecks in the South, which had the nation’s most dangerous railroads by the 1890s. As carnage piled up on the South’s rail lines, companies tried to shift blame to anonymous gangs of train wreckers as a strategy to avoid lawsuits and stave off attempts at state or federal regulation. The chapter uses two case studies of train wrecks – a wreck at Bostian Bridge in Statesville, NC and in Cahaba Creek in Alabama – to show how corporate lawyers and officials tried to perpetuate the myth of the train wrecker. The chapter gives quantitative data that shows how southern newspapers fuelled the panic over train wrecking. The chapter argues that this panic was racialized and many of the accused wreckers were African Americans that some of the same dynamics that led to lynchings. It closes with a discussion of train wreck ballads
Support the Brother People of Ethiopia
Authors: Lambe Ariel Mae
Published: January 2021

Chapter 2 examines Cuban responses to Mussolini’s invasion of Ethiopia in 1935, focusing on Communists and people of African descent. Distinctions between the two groups as well as their overlap introduce the diversity of Cuban antifascism. The chapter analyses the impact of shifting Comintern policy, asserting that the Cuban Communist Party’s response to the Ethiopian invasion was a barometer of change. It explores antifascism in the African diaspora, Cuban participation in this transnational network, and attempts by Cubans of color to reconcile the diaspora with their Cuban nationalism in the context of antifascist struggle. It concludes with a look at how black Cubans made a gradual and troubled transition from supporting the Ethiopian cause to supporting the Spanish Republican cause.
Future Publics
Authors: Seggerman Alex Dika
Published: January 2021

This chapter argues that late nineteenth-century satirical cartoons and portrait photography in Egypt created a public conversant in a shared visual language of art and politics, and thus laid the groundwork for a modern art movement. The increased availability of mechanical image reproduction technology in Egypt, in addition to the country’s strategic position in international politics, fostered a visual system for identifying and critiquing late nineteenth-century Cairene politics among a transnational elite. This public included Ottoman, French, Italian, Syrian Christian, and Jewish individuals in addition to “local” Egyptians. The shared visual language spoke to all these diverse groups. I trace the visual history of caricature embedded in the satirical, illustrated Arabic- and French-language lithographic journal Abou Naddara Zarqaʾ, published by Yaʿqub (James) Sanua (1839–1912), and the significations of the cross-dressing by Princess Nazli Fazil (1853–1913) in photographic portraits. Both interpellate a public by means of images that reference a wide network of histories. Through visual analysis, I plot a constellation of complex visual and textual connections that, I argue, forms the “future public” of Egyptian modernism.
Lawyerly Luxury of Easel Painting
Authors: Seggerman Alex Dika
Published: January 2021

This chapter shifts focus from Cairo to Alexandria, away from the anticolonial nationalism of the former toward a deliberate cosmopolitanism observable in the latter. From the reign of Muhammad Ali Pasha in 1805 until Gamal Abdel Nasser’s rise in 1952, Alexandria was a veritable second capital to Cairo, and in many ways it was better connected with the Mediterranean world. The informal infrastructure of arts education and exhibition in Alexandria led to a subtler form of Egyptian modernism. Alexandrian artists visualized the multinational atmosphere of their coastal city rather than portraying an outward Egyptian nationalism. In the vibrant oil paintings of the aristocratic lawyer Mahmoud Said (1897–1966), I locate a visual code that echoes the transnationalism of the Mixed Courts, Said’s employer and a pioneering legal institution that adjudicated contracts between the international business communities in Alexandria. I employ this comparison to argue that late Ottoman representations of race repurpose Orientalist idioms to position the author as superior to both colonial powers and local subjects. Through this repurposing, Said visualizes multiple Mediterranean image traditions implicit in Egyptian modernism.
Godbeites and the Capital of Dissent
Authors: Walker David
Published: January 2021

This chapter discusses William S. Godbe’s background and role in leading the Godbeites. Godbeites imagined a Mormon state of prosperity consisting of interrelated social, economic, political, and ecclesiastical efforts. Opponents of Brigham Young’s policies, Godbeites argued for economic, spiritual, and political liberalisms, which earned them excommunication and helped formed Mormon orthodoxy. For example, Brigham Young opposed the opening of mines, Godbeites insisted that mining was a necessary and a religious issue. Although the Godbeites hoped to be in the favour of government and industrial support, the Cullom Bill contained several provisions specifically designed to reverse railroad era Mormon initiatives.
Conclusion
Authors: Walker David
Published: January 2021

This chapter shows how LDS officials and businessmen continuously found ways to bend railroads to their benefits or reshape Mormons institutions in order to flourish in their networks, such as the irrigation display at the Chicago World’s Fair. Regardless of the failure of the Bear River Irrigation company, it was proof of Mormon fortitude through cultural and locative righteousness. The company’s resources were reorganized by Mormon businessmen, and Mormons effectively promoted the LDS Church in other venues at World’s Fair. On the other hand, railroad barons’ contracts provided uninterrupted freighting, lucrative receipts of transcontinental tourism, and friendships with Mormon businessmen who intervened on their behalf in Congress. The results of their efforts were the combined naturalizing and mainlining of Mormonism, as tourists were convinced that they could learn from the Mormons to cultivate western lands and define religion in the modern west.
Introduction
Authors: Levin Kevin M.
Published: January 2021

The introduction begins by discussing Edmund Ruffin, a pro-secession Virginian who published Anticipations of the Future, to Serve as Lessons for the Present Time, a novel in which the South secedes and maintains the institution of slavery and even spreads it to states sick of aggressive New England abolitionists. Ruffin accurately predicted that the south would use its enslaved population to sustain the war effort while remaining subservient to the white population. He did not imagine African Americans fighting alongside whites as soldiers. Despite Ruffin’s and other Confederates’ aversion to allowing African Americans to enlist in the army, claims that racially integrated units existed in the confederate army are widespread. The Sons of Confederate Veterans (SCV) was the first organization, beginning in the late 1970s, to insist there were black Confederate soldiers. They hoped this narrative would negate any claims that the south fought to preserve slavery. In reality, most black people directly involved with the Confederate army were camp slaves or were forced to perform labor to keep the military running.
The Camp Slaves’ War
Authors: Levin Kevin M.
Published: January 2021

The chapter begins by stating that a widely circulated picture of a white soldier and a Black Confederate soldier is actually a photograph of Andrew Chandler and his family slave, Silas. Slaves were sometimes allowed to purchase military uniforms or were provided them by their masters, which explains why there are photographs of Black men in Confederate uniforms. At the onset of the war, Confederates believed they could offset the disadvantage of having a smaller population and less war-making power than the Union by utilizing slave labor. The government impressed enslaved people to work on earthworks, railroads, and weapon production. They also performed various jobs in camps such as cooking, performing music, and assisting in hospitals. White soldiers often brought slaves from home to act as personal servants. At times, the presence of personal slaves created class tensions within camps. Enslaved people often took on various tasks in camps for payment. While the shared experience of war likely brought the enslaved and their enslavers closer together, the racial hierarchy was strictly, and often violently enforced by the enslavers. Enslavers’ belief that their slaves were loyal to them and the Confederate cause sometimes caused emotional distress when a slave would run away or defect to the Union.