bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Probabilistic Seismic Demand Model for Regular Highway Bridges
Authors: Ma Hai Bin , Zhuo Wei Dong , Yin Gu , Sun Ying , Chen Li Bo
Published: July 2016

Probabilistic seismic demand models are important for the design of structures based on the seismic probability and the performance of the structure. In this paper, the probabilistic seismic demands of 8 representative regular highway bridges are calculated using the cloud approach by selecting 2390 earthquake records for 3 different site conditions. These demands are expressed in terms of an intensity measure (IM), which is the spectral acceleration at the fundamental period with 5% damping, and an engineering demand parameter (EDP), which is the drift ratio at the top of pier. The probability distributions of the EDP are established at several IM levels. The results show that the EDPs have reasonably standard beta distributions at different IM levels. A correlation between the mean EDP and the IM is also established using regression analysis. The probabilistic seismic demand model is suitable for 3 different site conditions and can greatly simplify the calculation of seismic demand in the probability-based and performance-based seismic design of regular bridges.
Seismic Performance of Full-Scale FRP Retrofitted Substandard RC Columns Loaded in the Weak Direction
Authors: Ghatte Hamid F. , Comert Mustafa , Demir Cem , Ilki Alper
Published: July 2016

FRP confinement of sub-standard columns with low quality concrete, light transverse reinforcement and improper reinforcement detailing is widely accepted as an efficient retrofitting strategy. This paper introduces an improved method using carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) and external steel ties for seismic retrofitting of full-scale rectangular reinforced concrete columns loaded in their weak directions. Three cantilever columns with a cross-sectional aspect ratio of two (600 mm x 300 mm) are tested under constant axial load and reversed cyclic lateral loads. The columns are representative of existing substandard members with characteristics such as low concrete quality, low transverse reinforcement ratio, plain bars and high axial load level. The test results indicate that columns retrofitted with FRP jacketing and external steel ties significantly benefit from the applied retrofit scheme particularly in terms of ductility and energy dissipation. Additionally, the experimental results are compared with the performance predictions of seismic assessment and design documents.
Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Larch Glulam Columns under Axial Compression
Authors: Zhou Xian Yan , Zeng Dan , Wang Zhi Feng
Published: July 2016

At present, the relevant researches of Glulam columns in China are mainly restricted to short columns. In order to study the mechanical properties of long columns under axial loading, an experimental study on five different slenderness ratios of Larch Glulam columns was carried out. With slenderness ratio changing, the variations of experimental data such as axial strain, lateral deflection at mid-height, ultimate bearing capacity, and peak strain were comparatively analyzed. The failure pattern and failure mechanism of long columns were discussed. The results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity of Larch Glulam columns gradually decreases as the slenderness radio increases and the failure mode is gradually converted from strength failure to instability failure. The ultimate load reduction factor is obtained by regression analysis based on the experiment results of Larch Glulam short columns. The basis for design and application of Larch Glulam columns are provided.
Influence of Traffic Load on the Crack Widths of Full Jointless Bridges
Authors: Zhan Xue Fang , Zhang Yu Hui
Published: July 2016

Traffic load not only increases the original crack widths of the reinforced approach pavement of full jointless bridges, but also generates the development of new small cracks. Using lab experiments, this paper mainly studies the influence of traffic load on the crack width of the approach pavement of full jointless bridges. The results show that the load of traffic not only increases the crack width, but also increases the vertical settlement. In order to control the crack width we need to consider the influence of the traffic load. And the traffic load influence factor here we choose to be equal to 1.45.
Time-Variant Reliability of RC Structures
Authors: Palazzo Bruno , Castaldo Paolo , Mariniello Alessio
Published: July 2016

Reinforced concrete structures are generally affected by degradation phenomena, which results in a time variability in strength and stiffness beyond the baseline conditions which are assumed in structural design, in particular when the concrete is exposed to an aggressive environment. Therefore, structural safety should realistically be considered time-variant. This paper provides a probabilistic approach to predict the time-evolution of the mechanical and geometrical properties of a reinforced concrete structural element (i.e., bridge pier) subjected to corrosion-induced deterioration, due to diffusive attack of chlorides, in order to evaluate its service life. The proposed model is based on Monte Carlo simulations in order to evaluate time variant axial force-bending moment resistance domains, with the aim to estimate the time-variant reliability index. Finally, an application to estimate the expected lifetime of a deteriorating reinforced concrete bridge pile is proposed.
A Calculation Method of Coupled Nonlinearities in Slender Bridge Piers
Authors: Munoz Miguel , Iuliano Michele , Briseghella Bruno
Published: July 2016

In some cases, due to particular conditions, the project of a bridge requires the construction of high piers. The study of these structural elements needs to go beyond a simple linear analysis, especially considering the second order effects, that contemplate the possibility of instability of the pier due to the slenderness it. In this paper a toolbox that considers the geometrical nonlinearity, the nonlinearity mechanical behaviour of the materials and the time dependent properties of the concrete is presented. The assessment of the pier starts with the possibility of cracking in the section (material non linearity) with consequent loses of stiffness. The second step takes into account the increment of bending moment caused by the P-d effect (geometrical non linearity) and strictly related to the slenderness of the member. The last step is the evaluation of the increment of deformation caused by permanent loads, mainly due to the loss of the concrete stiffness in time for creep effect of concrete. In this paper, a detailed explanation of the automatic procedure is provided and finally the application to a real case of a bridge pier under a critical stage construction condition is presented.
Application of BP Neural Network in Structural Damage Diagnosis of Bridge behind Abutment
Authors: Zhang Yu Hui
Published: July 2016

BP neural network is introduced and applied to identify and diagnose both location and extent of bridge structural damage; static load tests and dynamic calculations are also made on bridge structural damage behind abutment. The key step of this method is to design a reasonably perfect BP network model. According to the current knowledge, three BP neural networks are designed with horizontal displacement rate and inherent frequency rate as damage identification indexes. The neural networks are used to identify the measurement of structure behind abutment and the calculation of damage location and extent, at the same time, they can also be used to compare and analyze the results. The test results show that: taking the two factors (static structural deformation rate and the change rate of natural frequency in dynamic response) as input vector, the BP neural network can accurately identify the damage location and extent, implying a promising perspective for future applications.
Experimental Investigation on the Compressive Behaviour of Clay Brick Masonry Columns Confined by BFRP or Steel Wires
Authors: Fossetti Marinella , Minafò Giovanni , Giacchino Carmelo
Published: July 2016

This paper presents the results of an experimental research aiming to investigate on the compressive behavior of full size clay brick masonry columns reinforced with Basalt Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (BFRCM) or with steel wires collaring. Uniaxial compressive tests were performed on eight retrofitted columns and four control specimens. Two masonry strength were considered by varying the mortar grade. Results are presented and discussed in terms of axial stress-strain relationships, failure modes and crack patterns of the specimens tested up to failure. For the limit of investigated variables, comparisons with unreinforced specimens show the ability of these alternative techniques in increasing ductility with limited strength enhancements, even if further investigations should be addressed on detail effectiveness and scale effect.
Study on Vibration-Based Detection Methods for Determining the Elastic Modulus of Glulam Beams
Authors: Wang Jie Jun , Liu Yan Ge , Xia Di Yang
Published: July 2016

This paper presents the vibration test method of the elastic modulus of glulam beams. Under the condition of simply supported, the elastic modulus of glulam beams is tested based on the vibration method. Compared with the static modulus tested by static load test and the natural frequency tested by finite element method, vibration-based detection method is proved to be feasible and accurate in measuring the elastic modulus of glued laminated beams.
Highly Standardized Long-Span Hybrid Trusses
Authors: Caruso Simona , Wang Rui , Li Zhi , Marnetto Roberto , Monti Giorgio
Published: July 2016

This paper presents an innovative technology in the field of truss structures, which is based on an innovative concept of mixing two different types of materials and joining them with a newly conceived connection, able to carry high loads with a small size. After an initial feasibility study aimed at pursuing the realization of sustainable and green structures, the project of the hybrid space truss was finally developed. Here, hybridization is the keyword, that is, making use of two different building materials, steel and wood, to achieve lighter roofs through a specialization of their functions and an optimization of their mechanical properties. Another key point is modularity, which is an important aspect that allows easy and fast assembly of structures and, most of all, standardization of parts. The trusses have been designed in detail, with special attention to the connections, and have been built and tested at the Laboratories of the Hunan University at Changsha (China). In a typical process of “designing by experimenting”, the prototypes have been produced and the assembly process has been tested in order to confirm the feasibility of the whole process, from production to construction to ultimate performance conditions.
Multi-Performance Innovative Infill Panels
Authors: Vailati Marco , Monti Giorgio , di Gangi Giorgia
Published: July 2016

Infill panels and partitions are widely used non-structural elements in reinforced concrete buildings, characterized by a significant seismic vulnerability as testified by disastrous collapses observed during recent earthquakes, for both in-plane and out-of-plane actions. The most advanced building codes foresee mandatory verifications of these elements, both when designing a new building and when assessing the seismic adequacy of an existing one. Moreover, recent evaluations have shown that, after low-intensity earthquakes, damage of non-structural parts strongly influences repair costs for typical multi-storey buildings. In this paper, an innovative concept for infill panels and partitions is presented, in which (either concrete or clay) blocks are connected, rather than with the usual mortar layers, by means of recycled-plastic joints. A comparison is also carried out with respect to conventional infill typologies, by evaluating their performance in terms of energy efficiency and acoustic. A brief description of seismic performances of innovative infill panels are shown at the end of work.
Validation of a Shear Model for RC and Hybrid Beams with Two Different Inclinations of Transversal Reinforcement
Authors: Colajanni Piero , La Mendola Lidia , Monaco Alessia , Recupero Antonino
Published: July 2016

The validation of an analytical model recently proposed for evaluation of the shear capacity in Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams containing multiple inclination of transverse stirrups is presented. The model is a suitable extension of that currently proposed in Eurocode 2 for the evaluation of the shear resistance, and it is derived by means of the the variable-inclination stress-field theory based on Nielsen’s plastic approach. Experimental and numerical data available in the literature on Hybrid Steel-Trussed Concrete Beams (HSTCBs) are used for model validation and result discussion. Finally, also the comparison with a different analytical approach for the assessment of the shear resistance of HSTCBs is provided.
Mechanical Performance of Connections for GluBam-Concrete Composite Beams
Authors: Shan Bo , Xiao Yan , Zhang Wei Liang , Liu Bo
Published: July 2016

Selecting composite connections is a crucial factor for researching mechanical performance of GluBam-concrete composite structure (BCC). An initial stage of research on the feasibility of GluBam-concrete composite beams is described. Total three types of composite connector, six specimens in each type, have been conducted direct shear tests on small blocks. The shear-relative slip curves were measured and all the relevant mechanical properties such as slip moduli and shear capacities were calculated. According to the test results, all connectors can be classified into two types, which owned strong and stiff mechanical properties but low ductility, or less strength and stiffness but high ductility. The BCC systems presented own characteristics compared with the outcomes obtained from the TCC system. It was founded that some of connection systems were suitable for constructed GluBam-concrete composite structures. However only qualitative conclusions can be drawn at this stage and the performance of GluBam-concrete composite beams need to be investigated further.
Lightweight Woodframe Shear Walls with Ply-Bamboo Sheathings
Authors: Li Zhi , Xiao Yan , Monti Giorgio , Wang Rui
Published: July 2016

A new type of hybrid wood-bamboo shear wall was studied. Ply-bamboo is used as the sheathing panel for conventional two-by-four lightweight woodframe shear walls herein. Two different nails were adopted for the ease constructability and used for constructing the shear walls, as follows: gun-driven T shape nail and 6d common nail. Monotonic and cyclic test results of sheathing-frame connectors and corresponding full scare shear walls were also reported. The results obtained from the research reported in this paper indicated that ply-bamboo panels can be used as sheathings for light-weight timber shear walls.
A Review on Microscopic Property of Concrete’s Aggregate-Mortar Interface Transition Zone
Authors: Xiong Yao , Yin Jian
Published: July 2016

Aggregate-mortar interface transition zone is a major factor for mechanical properties and durability of materials. Owing to the distinctive features of interface transition zone, this study reviewed research methods, structure models, improving methods and the influence to mechanics and durability of concrete of this zone. We also analyzed various test methods which are referred to in this review and their applicability, and discussed the formation mechanism and improving approach for interface transition zone. Our investigation suggested further scientific test is necessary for researching mechanical property of the interface.
Experimental Tests on Composite Steel-Concrete Truss Beams
Authors: Kareemi Muhammad Ajmal , Petrone Floriana , Monti Giorgio
Published: July 2016

This paper reports the results of an experimental campaign conducted on a set of eight composite beams made of prefabricated steel trusses encased in structural concrete. The test setup is organized in such a way to apply an evenly distributed load on the beam, so to simulate the actual loading condition in real buildings. This is also to avoid the formation of peculiar and unusual shear resisting mechanisms occurring in three or four-point bending tests. The experimental results are presented in terms of force-displacement graphs and also in terms of stress-strain diagrams in the steel members. The outcome of this study highlights that Composite Truss Beams (CTBs) have an effective performance in the shear resisting mechanism, showing a capacity higher than that estimated through the current capacity equations given by Codes.
A Theoretical Model to Evaluate the Compressive Behaviour of RС Jacketed Columns
Authors: Minafò Giovanni , Fossetti Marinella , Papia Maurizio , Patti Giuseppe
Published: July 2016

Reinforced concrete (RC) jacketing is becoming increasingly common among the different retrofit techniques for poor RC members, due to its economical and practical advantages. Experimental investigations in the literature have shown that the actual axial capacity of RC jacketed members can be substantially lower than that analytically evaluated by adapting the most common theoretical models for confined concrete. This fact can be explained by taking into account the presence of tensile stresses developing in the concrete, due to a mutual interaction between the inner core and the external jacket. This phenomenon is relevant especially in members where the concrete properties of the jacket are different with respect to those of the core, causing the premature failure of the external layer. This paper presents a simplified approach able to evaluate these effects. Circular RC jacketed sections are studied and a model is presented to predict the concrete softening effect. The section is modeled by joining circular hollow layers and circumferential and radial stresses are firstly calculated under the assumption of linear elastic behaviour and plane strain state. The model is extended in the non-linear range by adopting a secant constitutive law. Finally, comparisons are made with experimental data available in the literature, showing good agreement.
Potential for Extrinsic Incubation Temperature to Alter Interplay between Transmission Potential and Mortality of Dengue-Infected Aedes aegypti
Authors: Christofferson Rebecca C. , Mores Christopher N.
Published: July 2016

The extrinsic incubation period is a critical component in the assessment of arboviral transmission potential. It defines the time it takes for a mosquito to become infectious following exposure to an arbovirus. Since this is a temporal process, the lifespan of a mosquito is intimately tied to the extrinsic incubation period and thus transmission potential of these viruses. Temperature is a known effector of both vector competence (the ability of a vector to transmit a pathogen) and mosquito mortality, but the interaction among temperature, vector competence, and mosquito mortality is not well characterized. Herein, we investigate this interaction for dengue virus, serotype 2, and its primary vector Aedes aegypti where we found that at 30 °C, infection and/or dissemination shortened the average lifespan of the mosquito and that when considering only mosquitoes with a disseminated infection, those incubated at 26 °C lived significantly longer.
Structure of classical (finite and affine) $\mathcal W$-algebras
Authors: De Sole Alberto , Kac Victor G. , Valeri Daniele
Published: July 2016

First, we derive an explicit formula for the Poisson bracket of the classical finite

\mathcal W

-algebra

\mathcal W^{\mathrm {fin}}(\mathfrak g,f)

, the algebra of polynomial functions on the Slodowy slice associated to a simple Lie algebra

\mathfrak g

and its nilpotent element

f

. On the other hand, we produce an explicit set of generators and we derive an explicit formula for the Poisson vertex algebra structure of the classical affine

\mathcal W

-algebra

\mathcal W(\mathfrak g,f)

. As an immediate consequence, we obtain a Poisson algebra isomorphism between

\mathcal W^{\mathrm {fin}}(\mathfrak g,f)

and the Zhu algebra of

\mathcal W(\mathfrak g,f)

. We also study the generalized Miura map for classical

\mathcal W

-algebras.
Fibrous dysplasia of the maxilla: a case report
Authors: Sousa R. , Tavares R. , Lins C.
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Fibrous dysplasia is a benign bone lesion characterized by replacement of normal bone by fibrous connective tissue, and its diagnosis is based on clinical, radiological and histological findings. Objective: The aim of this study was to report a case of unilateral fibrous dysplasia in the maxilla, in the palate region, by using computed tomography. Results: On examination it was observed: a nodular lesion, with similar staining to the palatal mucosa with varicosities, regular edges, irm and painless. The radiographic indings on computed tomography showed one diffuse and heterogeneous thickening of the bony elements involving the hard palate extending to the posterior wall of the maxillary antrum. We opted for the preservation of the case, considering the age of the patient, the absence of facial asymmetry and lack of aesthetic and functional impairment. Conclusion: Thus, we emphasize that the knowledge of morphological changes is important for the diagnosis of bone pathologies, and the dentist must be familiar with the normal morphology of the structures and their possible abnormalities.
Prenatal development of palatine tonsil in sheep (Ovis aries)
Authors: Raju N. , Ramesh G. , Basha S. , Ushakumary S.
Published: July 2016

Introduction: The palatine tonsil play a key role in initiating immune responses against the antigenic material entering the mouth. Materials and Methods: Tissue pieces of oropharynx for the palatine tonsilwere collected from different prenatal age groups of sheep. These tissue pieces were fixed and processed for routine paraffin embedding technique to get 3-5pm thick sections. The paraffin sections were subjected to routine haematoxylin and eosin and some other special staining methods. Results: In three months foetal age of sheep, the palatine tonsils appeared as diffused lymphocytic infiltration in the propria submucosa overlaid by the mucosa of the oropharynx. The surface epithelium of the mucosa of the oropharynx formed primary crypts. The primary crypts in turn invaginated to form secondary crypts. The collagen fibres from the submucosa appeared to enter at the base of the developing tonsil. In the fourth month of foetus, the tonsillar surface epithelium became thicker and many crypts arose from that of primary crypts. Organized lymphocytic infiltration as isolated units was noticed near or around the secondary crypts. In five months of foetal age, the crypt epithelium was found to be infiltrated with lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells and mesenchymal cells. The connective tissue capsule and septa were completely formed. The lymphocytic tissue was characterized by an increased population of lymphocytes in the primary follicles without germinal centres. Conclusion: The results were compared with the literature and the palatine tonsil showed the gradual changes of histoarchitecture from third to fifth month of foetal age.
Glycoconjugate composition of ovine parotid glands elucidated by lectins
Authors: Çinar K. , Öztop M. , Özkarasu B.
Published: July 2016

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the distribution of glycoconjugates found in sheep (Ovis aries) parotid glands by lectin histochemistry. Methods: Following routine histological tissue processing, tissue sections were labelled with the lectins Con-A (Canavalia ensiformis), UEA-I (Ulex europaeus), BSA-I-B4 (Bandeiraea simplicifolia), PNA (Arachishypogaea), WGA (Triticum vulgaris) and SBA (Glycine max). Results: The results of lectin staining indicated that fitcose sugar was the most abundant sugar on the surface of serous cells, although absence of N-acetylgalactosamine on the serous cells surface. Fucose, N-acetylglucosamine, mannose, galactose, and N-acetylgalactosamine were present on the surface of duct cells. All lectins stained with duct epithelial cells in a similar manner - from weak to moderate. Serous cells were labelled with all the lectins, except for PNA, in various degrees. Conclusion: The data obtained from this study can provide new insight into characterizing the glycoconjugate profiles in different species in an effort to be capable of understanding detailed structure and function of parotid gland in both normal- and abnormal states.
Neuroanatomical structures manufacture: an alternative in the practical teaching of neuroanatomy
Authors: Falcão J. , Sandes A. , Rodrigues B. , Nascimento I. , Schwingel P. , Silva Júnior E.
Published: July 2016

Introduction: The neuroanatomy discipline is seen by students as one of the most complex and difficult of the basic cycle in health courses. This is taught with lectures and practical classes, where in the last one, the use is made of corpse parts. However, the use of this type of material has been decreasing making it professors and monitors search for new alternatives. One of these alternatives is the manufacture and the use of neuroanatomical models that assist and facilitate the understanding of practical teaching and learning. The study aims to manufacture neuroanatomical models alternative for the practical Neuroanatomy classes. Materials and Methods: The study is an action research, exploratory, descriptive, where were made neuroanatomical models in the Human Anatomy Laboratory at the University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, with cheap materials in order to improve learning in practical teaching. The confections of these models were made with polystyrene, biscuit dough, string, colored acrylic paint, ink colored oil, rubberized, cardboard and plaster bandages. Results: Were made ten neuroanatomical parts that corresponding to the spinal cord, reticular formation and the dermatomes of the limbs. Conclusion: It was observed that the manufacturing of these models is necessary for conducting practical classes being possible elaborate them with quality at low cost, being an alternative in front of real difficulties in obtaining corpse parts and being a strong tool in the teaching and learning of the Neuroanatomy discipline. But regardless of the alternatives utilized, the confection of models will never replace the use of corpse parts.
Venous arrangement of the head and neck in humans - anatomic variability and its clinical inferences
Authors: Silva M. , Henriques J. , Silva J. , Camargos V. , Moreira P.
Published: July 2016

Introduction: The knowledge of morphological variations of the veins of the head and neck is essential for health professionals, both for diagnostic procedures as for clinical and surgical planning. This study described changes in the following structures: retromandibular vein and its divisions, including the relationship with the facial nerve, facial vein, common facial vein and jugular veins. Material and Methods: The variations of the veins were analyzed in three heads, five hemi-heads (right side) and two hemi-heads (left side) of unknown age and sex. Results: The changes only on the right side of the face were: union between the superficial temporal and maxillary veins at a lower level; absence of the common facial vein and facial vein draining into the external jugular vein. While on the left, only, it was noted: posterior division of retromandibular, after unite with the common facial vein, led to the internal jugular vein; union between the posterior auricular and common facial veins to form the external jugular and union between posterior auricular and common facial veins to terminate into internal jugular. The absence of the anterior and posterior divisions of retromandibular vein was observed on both sides of the face. Conclusion: These findings provide relevant informations about important vessels of the head and neck and will contribute to the appropriate clinical and / or surgical planning, aiming at the preservation of important structures.
Late Development of a Lamellar Macular hole after the Spontaneous Separation of Vitreoretinal Traction: Case Report
Authors: Rodríguez Alvaro , Rodríguez Francisco J. , Valencia Marcela , Castaño Claudia
Published: July 2016

Purpose

To report a case of epiretinal macular membrane and a lamellar macular hole developing after the spontaneous separation of an idiopathic vitreoretinal traction.

Methods

Retrospective, observational, long follow-up of a case evaluated and documented with optical coherence tomography and managed with current therapies including pars plana vitrectomy.

Results

Good anatomic and functional results with stable 20/30 best-corrected visual acuity.

Conclusions

The natural course of idiopathic vitreomacular traction has been documented during prolonged observation after its spontaneous separation from the fovea leading to the development of an epiretinal membrane and a lamellar macular hole.
Ranibizumab for Persistent Diabetic Macular Edema after Bevacizumab Treatment
Authors: Katz Gabriel , Moisseiev Elad , Goldenberg Dafna , Moisseiev Joseph , Lomnicky Yosef , Abend Yitzchak , Treister Giora , Levkovitch-Verbin Hani
Published: July 2016

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy of switching from bevacizumab to ranibizumab in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods

This was a retrospective study of patients with DME initially treated with bevacizumab and switched to ranibizumab. Visual acuity (VA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) were retrieved at fixed timepoints prior to and after the switch.

Results

Forty eyes of 32 patients were included in the study. The difference in VA between any of these fixed timepoints was not statistically significant. A significant gain in VA was found in eyes that lost more than 0.1 logMAR during treatment with the last 3 bevacizumab injections. The mean CRT was significantly lower after the first 3 ranibizumab injections and at the final follow-up (p<0.001), a 67 ± 14 μm and 78 ± 18 μm reduction in thickness, respectively.

Conclusions

Switching to ranibizumab resulted in a significant decrease in the CRT of eyes with DME, and should be considered when there is a lack of response or deterioration while on bevacizumab injections. A significant gain in VA was observed in a subgroup of eyes that lost more than one line while receiving the last 3 bevacizumab injections prior to the switch.
Short-Term Outcomes of Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) for Low, Medium, and High Myopia
Authors: Fernández Joaquín , Valero Almudena , Martínez Javier , Piñero David P. , Rodríguez-Vallejo Manuel
Published: July 2016

Purpose

To determine the safety, efficacy, and predictability of small-incision lenticule extraction at 6-month follow-up, depending on the level of the myopic refractive error. The surgeries were performed by a surgeon new to this technique.

Methods

Seventy-one subjects with a mean age of 31.86 ± 5.57 years were included in this retrospective observational study. Subjects were divided into 3 groups depending on the preoperative spherical equivalent (SE): low group from -1.00 D to -3.00 D, medium from -3.25 D to -5.00 D, and high from -5.25 D to -7.00 D. Manifest refraction, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) were measured before surgery and at 6 months after the treatment.

Results

In total, 1.4% of the eyes lost 1 line of CDVA after the procedure, whereas 95.8% remained unchanged and 2.8% gained 1 line. A significant undercorrection (p = 0.031) was found in the high myopia group (median -0.50 D), whereas the low and medium groups remained near to emmetropia. In terms of efficacy, no statistically significant intergroup differences for postoperative UDVA (p = 0.282) were found. The vector analysis also showed undercorrection of the preoperative cylinder, even though the standard deviations decreased from 0.9 D in the x axis and 0.7 D in the y axis to 0.24 D and 0.27 D, respectively.

Conclusions

Small-incision lenticule extraction might be a safe, effective, and predictable procedure even for inexperienced surgeons. No differences in efficacy were found among myopia levels even though undercorrections were found for SE and cylinder in high myopia.
Ewing Sarcoma in Patients over 40 Years of Age: A Prospective Analysis of 31 Patients Treated at a Single Institution
Authors: Cesari Marilena , Righi Alberto , Cevolani Luca , Palmerini Emanuela , Vanel Daniel , Donati Davide M. , Cammelli Silvia , Gambarotti Marco , Ferrari Cristina , Paioli Anna , Longhi Alessandra , Abate Massimo E. , Picci Piero , Ferrari Stefano
Published: July 2016

Purpose

Patients with Ewing sarcoma who are 40 years old or older are usually excluded from clinical trials. For this reason, information on this subset of patients is limited.

Methods

Clinical characteristics and treatment-related variables of patients aged 40 years or more, with a diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma, treated at the authors’ institution had been prospectively collected since 1999.

Results

Thirty-one patients were identified, with ages ranging from 40 to 70 years (median 45 years). Twenty-six (84%) had localized disease, 4 patients presented with lung metastases, and 1 patient had multiple metastases (bone, lung, abdominal nodes, and bone marrow). The primary tumors were skeletal in 19 (61%) patients, while 12 (39%) had extraskeletal disease. All patients received chemotherapy according to regimens similar to those adopted in younger patients, based on doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, vincristine, dactinomycin, and ifosfamide. All patients experienced grade 4 leukopenia (100%); red blood cells or platelets transfusions were needed in 50% and 16% of patients, respectively. Toxicity-related dose reduction was required in 13 patients (43%). The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 54% for the whole group. In patients with complete remission, 5-year disease-free survival was 57%. Survival was different for patients with skeletal and extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma (5-year OS: 64% vs 40%, p = 0.2).

Conclusions

In older patients, the incidence of extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma is high. Intensive chemotherapy treatment can be recommended in this group. The high chemotherapy toxicity can be justified by expected results, similar to those of younger patients.
The application of population based health surveys in pharmacoepidemiologic studies in Norway
Authors: Eggen Anne Elise
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThere has been a modest interest in pharmacoepidemiologic research in Norway, especially when consideringthat drugs are comprising the most common medical treatment and the health care segment with themost rapidly increasing costs in health care. There may be several explanation for the relatively lowresearch output. One may be the generally poor access to information from issued drug prescriptions.Comprehensive population based health surveys have been carried out in Norway for many years. Thehealth surveys have also been used as a basis for studies of drug use, and they have made it possible tocollect important background information associated with drug use. However, health surveys have primarilyhad their origin in etiological research and the charting of major diseases in the population. Informationon drug use has primarily been included as indicators of morbidity. The questions about drug use havetherefore been general and covered the use of most drug groups. They have usually included both prescriptionand non-prescription drugs.The more recent health surveys include questions on drugs with a more focused approach. More questionsare now directed towards more defined health problems and drugs.Access to individual based drug information from issued prescriptions, with the possibility of doing recordlinkage studies combining data from the health surveys and prescription information, may contributesignificantly to the quality of pharmacoepidemiologic research in Norway.
Drug prescribing data used in the assessment of general practitioners’ treatment of asthma and urinary tract infection – Experience from the European Drug Education Project
Authors: Lagerløv Per
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTDescribing drug treatment given by general practitioners, and quantifying changes in their prescribingbehaviour due to educational intervention, were important parts of the method developed and appliedby the European Drug Education Project. Based on the physicians’ prescription data, individual patientswere defined as having either asthma or urinary tract infections. Prescribing indicators were establishedfor assessing the quality (acceptable or unacceptable) of the drug treatment. The diagnose definitionsand prescribing indicators are discussed in more detail in relation to feeding back individual prescribingdata to educational groups of physicians to improve the quality of their drug therapy.
Om helseskader og avhengighet ved tobakksbruk. Med kommentarer til Robert Lund-saken
Authors: Kreyberg Sidsel
Published: July 2016

Tobakksepidemien har vært kalt den største epidemien i vår tid. Den deler praktisk talt befolkningen i to medhensyn til forebyggende så vel som behandlende helsearbeid. Tobakk, særlig aktiv røyking, representerer enformidabel risikoøkning for en rekke sykdommer, både alene og sammen med andre risikofaktorer ellersykdomsdisposisjoner.Det begynner etter hvert å gå opp for dem som driver tobakksforebyggende arbeid, og for befolkningenellers, at tobakk ikke bare inneholder helseskadelige stoffer, men også er sterkt avhengighetsskapende. Disseto effektene er knyttet til forskjellige stoffer i tobakken, og de opptrer med stor avstand i tid. Som pedagogiskvirkemiddel gjør kunnskapen om nikotinets raskt inntredende avhengighetsskapende effekt kanskje størreinntrykk enn de helseskadelige effektene som inntrer flere tiår senere. Økt kunnskap om nikotinets avhengighetsskapendeeffekt kan bli den viktigste motivasjonsfaktor for å forhindre at ungdom begynner med tobakkog kan få foreldregenerasjonen til å ta større ansvar for den sosiale arv den bringer videre.Som et foreløpig siste kapittel i røykeepidemiens historie, har vi nå også fått erstatningssaker mot tobakksindustrienhit til landet. Disse sakene vil kunne ha en bevisstgjørende effekt gjennom media, men det fordrerryddige problemstillinger og konsistent begrepsbruk.Den statistiske og biologiske sammenheng mellom eksponering for et kreftfremkallende stoff og tumortypeer grunnleggende i kreftepidemiologien. I motsetning til rulletobakk, er ferdigsigaretter underlagt begrensningeri tjære- og nikotininnhold og har i hemmelighet vært manipulert kjemisk for å øke den avhengighetsskapendeeffekten av nikotin. Robert Lund hadde røkt rulletobakk siden tjue års alder. I følge det som blefremført i retten, hadde han en tumortype (adenokarsinom) som er lite karakteristisk for eksponering for "ren"tobakk (tjære). Det forelå heller ingen yrkeseksponering for andre stoffer. Saksøkte, Tiedemanns Tobakksfabrik,aksepterte likevel årsakssammenheng mellom Lunds røykekarriere og hans helseskade. Saksøkte fikkdermed en prøvesak mot seg som var uegnet til å belyse industriens hemmelighold av potensielt kreftfremkallendetilsetningsstoffer og kunne spille saken over til å bli et spørsmål om moral hos våre myndigheter oghos brukeren selv. Dommen ga industrien medhold. Saken er anket, og flere saker er på trappene til tross for atTiedemanns Tobakksfabrik krevde millionbeløp fra boet etter Lund til dekning av sine saksomkostninger.
Useful Numerical Statistics of Some Response Surface Methodology Designs
Authors: M. P. Iwundu
Published: July 2016

Useful numerical evaluations associated with three categories of Response Surface Methodology designs are presented with respect to five commonly encountered alphabetic optimality criteria. The first-order Plackett-Burman designs and the  Factorial designs are examined for the main effects models and the complete first-order models respectively. The second-order Central Composite Designs are examined for second-order models. The A-, D-, E-, G- and T-optimality criteria are employed as commonly encountered optimality criteria summarizing how good the experimental designs are. Relationships among the optimality criteria are pointed out with regards to the designs and the models. Generally the designs do not show uniform preferences in terms of the considered optimality criteria. However, one interesting finding is that central composite designs defined on cubes and hypercubes with unit axial distances are uniformly preferred in terms of E-optimality and G-optimality criteria.
Improved Regulatory Approaches for the Remuneration of Electricity Distribution Utilities with High Penetrations of Distributed Energy Resources
Authors: Jenkins Jesse D. , Perez-Arriaga Ignacio J.
Published: July 2016

Under increasing penetration of distributed resources, regulators and electricity distribution utilities face greater uncertainty regarding the evolution of network uses and efficient system costs. This uncertainty can threaten revenue adequacy and challenges both cost of service/rate of return and incentive/performance-based approaches to the remuneration of distribution utilities. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel methodology to establish allowed utility revenues over a multi-year regulatory period. This method combines several “state of the art” regulatory tools designed to overcome information asymmetries, manage uncertainty, and align incentives for utilities to cost-effectively integrate distributed energy resources while taking advantage of opportunities to reduce system costs and improve performance. We use a reference network model to simulate a large-scale urban distribution network, demonstrate the practical application of this regulatory method, and illustrate its performance in the face of both benchmark and forecast errors.
Aldomà, Ignasi (2009): Atles de la nova ruralitat
Authors: Cuadrado Ciuraneta Sergi
Published: July 2016

Aldomà, Ignasi (2009)Atles de la nova ruralitatFundació del Món Rural, 264 p.ISBN: 978-84-613-2287-9
Benach, Núria i Albet, Abel (2010): Edward W. Soja: La perspectiva postmoderna de un geógrafo radical
Authors: Estévez Villarino Brais
Published: July 2016

Benach, Núria i Albet, Abel (2010)Edward W. Soja: La perspectiva postmoderna de un geógrafo radicalBarcelona: Icaria, 285 p.ISBN: 978-84-9888-243-8
Feria, José María; Albertos, Juan Miguel (coords.) (2010): La ciudad metropolitana en España: Procesos urbanos en los inicios del siglo XXI
Authors: Pastor Saberí Roser
Published: July 2016

Feria, José María; Albertos, Juan Miguel (coords.) (2010)La ciudad metropolitana en España: Procesos urbanos en los inicios del siglo XXICizur Menor (Navarra): Aranzadi, 442 p.ISBN: 978-84-470-3079-8
Gordi Serrat, Josep (2009): L’evolució del paisatge forestal a les terres gironines a la segona meitat del segle XX
Authors: Pèlachs Mañosa Albert
Published: July 2016

Gordi Serrat, Josep (2009)L’evolució del paisatge forestal a les terres gironines a la segona meitat del segle XXGirona: Associació d’Història Rural de les Comarques Gironines, Centre de Recerca d’Història Rural (Institut de Recerca Històrica) de la Universitat de Girona i Documenta Universitaria, 276 p.ISBN: 978-84-92707-20-1
Lacoste , Yves (2007): Atlas géopolitique
Authors: Oliveras González Xavier
Published: July 2016

Lacoste, Yves (2007)Atlas géopolitiqueParís: Larousse, 191 p.ISBN: 978-2-03582-625-1
Lluelles, Maria Jesús (coord.) (2010): Impacte de la immigració a Andorra
Authors: Solé Aimada
Published: July 2016

Lluelles, Maria Jesús (coord.) (2010)Impacte de la immigració a AndorraGovern d’Andorra. Departament de Recerca, Ministeri d’Educació i Cultura, 339 p.ISBN:978-99920-0-568-2
Moraes, Antonio Carlos Robert (2009): Geografia histórica do Brasil: Cinco ensaios, uma proposta e uma crítica
Authors: Mendizàbal Enric
Published: July 2016

Moraes, Antonio Carlos Robert (2009)Geografia histórica do Brasil: Cinco ensaios, uma proposta e uma críticaSão Paulo (Brasil): Annablume EditoraCol·lecció Geografias e Adjacências, 150 p.ISBN: 978-85-391-0007-1
Paquot, Thierry (dir.) (2009): Ghettos de riches: Tour du monde des enclaves résidentielles sécursisées
Authors: De Reymaeker Brice
Published: July 2016

Paquot, Thierry (dir.)Ghettos de riches: Tour du monde des enclaves résidentielles sécursiséesParís: Éditions Perrin, 2009, p. 298ISBN: 978-2-262-02979-1
Contribution to the lichen biota of the Stawy Milickie nature reserve and its adjacent area (Lower Silesia, southwestern Poland)
Authors: Kaźmierska Edyta , Kossowska Maria
Published: July 2016

The paper presents the results of lichenological investigations conducted in the eastern part of the Stawy Milickie nature reserve and its buffer zone (Barycz Valley, southwestern Poland). The study area is a famous waterfowl refuge, consisting of several fishpond complexes, together with adjacent forests, meadows, and villages. In total 72 lichen taxa were recorded, growing on bark and branches of trees and shrubs, stumps, wood, soil, and anthropogenic rock substrates (mortar, concrete, bricks, etc.). Six species, namely Evernia prunastri, Flavoparmelia caperata, Hypogymnia tubulosa, Parmelina tiliacea, Physconia distorta, and Pleurosticta acetabulum, are threatened in Poland. As represented by single young thalli, they indicate the recent improvement of environmental conditions. The lichen biota of the study area is typical for the lowland regions of western and southwestern Poland.
Effective Lateral Canthal Lengthening with Triangular Rotation Flap
Authors: Kim Min Soo
Published: July 2016

In Korea, lateral canthoplasty, along with medial epicanthoplasty, has become popular over the past years to widen the horizontal length of the palpebral fissure. However, the effect of the surgery differs greatly depending on the shape and structure of the eyes. If over-widened, complications such as eversion, scarring, and conjunctival exposure may occur. Thus, the author of this study suggests a more effective and safe method for lateral canthal lengthening that causes minimal complications. A total of 236 patients underwent lateral canthoplasty between July 2007 and December 2015. For each patient, a triangular flap 4–5 mm away from the lateral canthus was elevated and rotated 45 degrees laterally while the continuity of the lower eyelid gray line was maintained. A new lateral canthus was created by fixating the rotation flap to the lateral orbital rim with minimal skin trimming and tension-free sutures, preventing relapse and maintaining a triangular shape. In more than 95% of cases, effective and satisfactory extension was achieved. On average, a 3 mm extension of the lateral canthus was achieved. There were minor complications such as wound dehiscence, webbing, and scarring, which were easily corrected. The author not only extended the lateral canthus 3–4 mm laterally but also maintained the continuity of the gray line on the lower lid as a more natural-looking triangular shape, while minimizing complications such as webbing and conjunctival exposure.