bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Situ Synthesis of VO2 Embedded in Graphite/Si as a High Performance Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Yan Yi , Peng Wei Jia , Fan Rui Jun , Cao Guo Lin , Guo Hua Jun , Shen Xiao Hui , Tian Zhan Yuan
Published: June 2020

To buffer the volume changes of silicon-based anode material and stabilize the solid-electrolyte-interface (SEI) layer formed in the electrolyte, a core-shell structure with VO2 coating is newly designed. In this composite, the pitch modified spherical graphite serves as a core, and the Si particles are uniformly dispersed on its surface, then the VO2 is synthesized in situ. The modified graphite/Si/VO2 (Si@G@V) anode exhibits a reversible capacity of 1247 mAh g-1 at the current density of 0.1 A g-1 after 50 cycles, obtain a capacity retention of ~99%. The rate capability of ~320 mAh g-1 at the current density of 10 A g-1 is also obtained. The excellent cyclic stability and superior rate performance mainly attributed to the uniform dispersion of Si particles in the pitch modified spherical graphite, the core-shell structure of the material as well as the in-situ synthesis of VO2. This simple synthesis process is of great significance to reduce the reunion and constrain the volume changes of silicon.
Preparation of Functionalized Graphene Multilayer Composite Films Supported Pt Catalyst and its Electro-Oxidation for Methanol
Authors: Luo Ming Hong , Ai Yin , Xia Ke Jian
Published: June 2020

The multilayer composite films consisting of poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) functionalized graphene (PDDA-rGO) and phosphomolybdic acid functionalized graphene (PMo12-rGO) were prepared by layer-by-layer self-assembly method. The {PDDA-rGO/PMo12-rGO}n multilayer composite films were used as a support for electro-deposition of Pt particles in situ. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were employed for examining the composition, structure, and morphology of the catalyst. Results revealed that the Pt/{PDDA-rGO/PMo12-rGO}n catalyst is successfully prepared and that the multilayer composite films support improves the dispersion of the Pt particles. CV and chronoamperometry were employed to evaluate the electrocatalytic performance for methanol oxidation. Results revealed that the electrocatalytic activity and stability of the Pt/{PDDA-rGO/PMo12-rGO}3 catalyst for methanol oxidation are considerably improved in comparison with that of the Pt/GCE catalyst. The current density for the oxidation of methanol increased from 0.66 mA/cm2 to 1.21 mA/cm2. In addition, the ratio of the forward current density to the backward current density (If/Ib) was 1.92 for Pt/{PDDA-rGO/PMo12-rGO}3 catalyst, corresponding to 1.3 times that of the Pt/GCE catalyst. This result indicated that the multilayer composite films remarkably enhanced the electrocatalytic activity regarding methanol oxidation.
Metal Phthalocyanine Modified Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes; DC-Conductivity and Optical Properties
Authors: Jassim Abdalla H. Mihdy , Banimuslem Hikmat Adnan
Published: June 2020

Hybrid materials of multi walled carbon nanotubes-zinc phthalocyanine (MWCNTs-ZnPc) and multi walled carbon nanotubes-aluminum phthalocyanine (MWCNTs-AlPc) have been prepared. MWCNTs were treated with mixture of nitric and sulfuric acid pre to the mixing with phthalocyanines for the de-bundling effect. Hybrid materials have been drop casted onto glass slides and interdigitated electrodes from their solution in dimethylformamide. UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) have revealed the successful hybridization due π-π interaction between MWCNTs and phthalocyanine species. I-V measurements and DC conductivity of the hybrid films has been investigated. The behavior of DC electrical conductivity and the activation energy with the variation of temperature were studied.
Testing the Profitability of Technical Trading Rules across Market Cycles: Evidence from India
Authors: Muruganandan S.
Published: June 2020

This study examines the economic feasibility of technical analysis, such as relative strength index, moving average convergence and divergence in Indian context. Bombay Stock Exchange Sensex Index historical data were collected from BSE data base for the period from February, 2000 to May, 2018. The selected data were further categorised into Bull and Bear markets to test the technical tools performance across market cycle. The results exhibited that relative strength index trading rule failed to deliver the positive return even before deducting transaction cost. However, moving average convergence and divergence trading rules’ sell signal outperformed the unconditional mean return and buy signal mean return, during the Bear market period before deducting transaction cost. However,  in accordance with the Sharpe ratio, returns generated were not at the level of risk associated in technical trading rules. The findings question the possibility for traders to consistently earn abnormal return with technical analysis.
Scale Development for M-Commerce Acceptance vis-à-vis Young, Educated, Non-Metropolitan Small Town Consumers in India
Authors: Sabir Lamay Bin , Kirmani Mohd Danish
Published: June 2020

The primary aim of the present study was to develop a validated measuring scale for m-commerce acceptance among educated young people in non-metropolitan India. Data was generated from students enrolled in higher educational institutions located in Aligarh district in Uttar Pradesh employing a close-ended structured questionnaire. Analysis utilized Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Based on findings, the study proposes Mobile Commerce (MC) scale for measuring the level of m-commerce acceptance by  Indian consumers. MC scale comprise of four factors, namely, utility, perceived ease of use, perceived innovation in information technology and intention to use. Findings also revealed that the educated young Indian consumers of non-metropolitan cities are ambitious and choose innovativeness over cost and risk for using  new technology. On a broader note, it can be proposed that educated youth of non-metropolitan India resemble their global counterparts through relying more on positive factors than negative factors such as cost and risk.
Model of the broadband interferometric optical biosensor in a planar configuration
Authors: Blahut Marek
Published: June 2020

The paper presents numerical studies of the model of an optical sensor based on interference of modes in planar one-dimensional step-index configuration, excited by a broadband light source from a selected spectral range. The refractive index variation of measured external surrounding affects the modal properties of multimode waveguide and the spectral field distribution at the output of the structure. The optical system described is designed to the analysis of biological substances. Full Text: PDF ReferencesM. Blahut, "Optical sensor in planar configuration based on multimode interference" Proc. SPIE, 10455, (2017). CrossRef K. Misiakos, et al, "Broad-band Mach-Zehnder interferometers as high performance refractive index sensors: Theory and monolithic implementation", Opt. Express, 22, 8856, (2014). CrossRef K. Gut, "Study of a Broadband Difference Interferometer Based on Low-Cost Polymer Slab Waveguides", Nanomaterials, 9, 729 (2019). CrossRef M. Nordstrom, et al, "Single-Mode Waveguides With SU-8 Polymer Core and Cladding for MOEMS Applications", J. Light. Techn., 25, 1284, (2007). CrossRef D. Segelstein, "The complex refractive index of water", M.S. Thesis, University of Missouri, (1981). DirectLink https://www.yokogawa.com/pl/solutions/products-platforms/ DirectLink
Atwood in Numbers: A Numerical Approach Comparing the Illustrations in Bones and Murder and The Tent
Authors: Tutek Nikola
Published: June 2020

This paper offers analyses of the semantic interrelations between illustrations and written text in short stories from two flash fiction collections by Margaret Atwood: Bones and Murder (1994) and The Tent (2006). The analyses are based on the technical, generic, and thematic features of the illustrations, on the influences traceable in both illustrations and texts, and on the set of defined multimodal interrelations. The results of the analyses are expressed numerically and comparatively.
Othering, Resistance and Recovery in Margaret Atwood’s Cat’s Eye
Authors: Vukelić Aleksandra
Published: June 2020

This paper deals with Margaret Atwood’s novel Cat’s Eye and its depiction of alienation, victimization and recovery in the life of its protagonist, Elaine Risley. Highlighting Elaine’s sense of displacement and her feelings of fellowship with minority figures, the paper provides insights into these processes by relying on postcolonial theories of othering and cultural resistance. It first explores how Elaine is bullied, marginalized and alienated when the cultural and social differences of a new environment make her a target for allegations of abnormality. The focus then shifts to Elaine’s development and maturation as a form of recovery, as well as to the roles that art, memory and compassion play in this process. Ultimately, the paper concludes that Cat’s Eye depicts both an instance of othering and the heroine’s struggle to reverse it. However, even for Elaine, a member of the white middle class, such a reversal remains inevitably incomplete.
Elimination of Gender Equality in Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale
Authors: Kiss Beatrix
Published: June 2020

This paper explores the elimination of equality in The Handmaid’s Tale in four areas, called the “4Ds”: distinction, dependence, division and dominance. Distinction is a biological point of view in which the Handmaids’ fertility becomes the foundation of their victimization. Dependence analyzes turning fertility into their obligation, integrating Foucault’s “socialization of procreative behavior,” leading to dependence on men. Division entails the physical division of Gilead into subgroups – Handmaids, Wives, etc. – along with the mental division created by distrust among people, harnessed to forestall rebellion. The last area, Dominance, connects the previous areas. Judith Butler’s idea that “the body is a variable boundary,” shows that the political power over the Handmaids’ bodies equals dominance over society and the future, too. The article ends with the conclusion that destruction of women’s rights eventually erases the notion of “woman.”
Mothers, Daughters, Sisters: The Intergenerational Transmission of Womanhood in Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale and The Testaments
Authors: Feldman Kołodziejuk Ewelina
Published: June 2020

The article reads The Handmaid’s Tale and The Testaments as a response to changes in the feminist movement. Less radical than their mothers’ generation, second-wave feminists’ daughters often abandoned the struggle for equality and focused on homemaking. Nevertheless, the 1990s saw a resurgence of the women’s liberation movement known as the third wave. These feminism(s) significantly redefined the notion of womanhood and emphasised the diversity of the female. After 2010, critics argue, third-wave feminism entered the fourth wave. This analysis of The Handmaid’s Tale focuses on Offred’s relationship with her mother, which is representative of the wider phenomenon of the Backlash. It investigates how the mother and her generation influenced the maternal choices of the Handmaid and discusses the trauma of child removal suffered by Offred. The final section examines The Testaments through the lens of third-wave feminism and analyzes the plight of Offred’s daughters, focusing on their attitudes towards womanhood and maternity.
Introduction: Atwood at 80
Authors: Gadpaille Michelle , Blake Jason
Published: June 2020

When Margaret Atwood celebrated her 80th birthday in November 2019, there was a feeling that the occasion called for a burst of applause – figuratively speaking. Around Europe, many Canadian scholars and Canadian Studies Associations responded with a range of activities. Slovenia contributed handsomely: first, with an event at the Univerzitetna knjižnica Maribor – Fourscore and More: Margaret Atwood at Eighty – and second, with this special issue dedicated to Atwood’s recent work.
Ljubljanska Opera med obema vojnama
Authors: Bogunović Hočevar Katarina
Published: June 2020

Raziskovanje ljubljanske Opere odpira opazovanje različnih področij delovanja te ustanove – umetniškega, organizacijskega in nenazadnje družbenega –, ki se v soodvisnosti vzajemno prepletajo in vplivajo na temeljno poslanstvo umetniškega zavoda – uprizarjanje glasbenogledališkega dela ter v širši perspektivi posredovanje in etabliranje umetnostnih teženj operne hiše. Pričujoči prispevek osvetljuje čas ljubljanske Opere med obema vojnama, v ospredje pa postavlja vprašanje operne režije oz. umetniško emancipacijo opernega režiserja skozi prizmo najpomembnejših akterjev te ustanove.
The Routledge Research Companion to Modernism in Music
Authors: Stefanija Leon
Published: June 2020

Urediti zbornik na takó izmuzljivo temo, kot je »modernizem v glasbi«, je precej zahtevna naloga, ki sta ji bila urednika Björn Heile in Charles Wilson več kot kos z delom The Routledge Research Companion to Modernism in Music. Še zmeraj pertinenten pojem, o katerem se v muzikoloških praksah pogosto razpravlja, sta urednika predstavila kot kompleksno tonsko lestvico perspektiv in vprašanj, ki »nenehno terja teoretsko podlago za svoj obstoj.« (str. 3) Avtorja spretno nakažeta na plejado glasov, zbranih v tem zborniku, pri čemer pojasnjujeta razlike med »modernizmom v glasbi« kot »splošnim kulturnim in umetniškim pojavom«, »modernistično glasbo« z »modernističnimi atributi ali modernističnimi vidiki v glasbi, pri katerih pa se vendarle zaustavimo, predem bi jih označili kot modernistične« in označbo »glasbeni modernizem« za vse pojave, ki sodijo nekako med oba termina.« (str. 4) Koristna diferenciacija teoretičnega okvira sopostavlja prakse, ki se nanašajo na pojav z dvoumnimi pomeni in časovnimi spremenljivkami (npr. »nedavno« ali »pravkar«), kot tudi z metodološkimi (npr. »modus«). Na hitro bi lahko dejali, da avtorja avtoritativno obravnavata koncept, ki »nenehno terja teoretsko podlago za svoj obstoj.« (str. 3)
Skice za zgodovino slovenske glasbe 20. stoletja
Authors: Vrhunc Larisa
Published: June 2020

Izid knjige, ki jo avtor označi kot »work in progress«, je pomemben mejnik na poti spoznavanja osebnega raziskovalnega procesa, katerega zametke lahko postavimo v zadnja leta prejšnjega stoletja, krono pa predstavlja konec lanskega leta izdana monumentalna monografija istega avtorja, ki obravnava isti časovni izsek kot pričujoča knjiga. Avtorjeva oznaka dela kot nedokončnega najbrž korenini v dvojem: poleg očitnega, saj gre za preizkus, kako v smiselno celoto povezati posamezne ozko usmerjene raziskave starejših datumov, je razlog mogoče iskati tudi v dejstvu, da je govoriti o glasbi tega obdobja kot o monolitni celoti težko. Za dvajseto stoletje je značilno, da ima precej obrazov, je obdobje osebnih slogov in sobivajočih usmeritev, ki se po svoji naravnanosti močno razlikujejo. Gregor Pompe si je za cilj zadal zaobjeti celotno paleto ustvarjalnih hotenj, kar je zaradi hitrega menjavanja slogovnih značilnosti in vpeljevanja vedno novih kompozicijskih tehnik zahtevna naloga. Vsako »skico«, članek o izbranem aspektu dela določenega skladatelja, lahko razbiramo kot kamenček mozaika, ki naj ustvari sliko o najznačilnejših potezah bogatega, raznorodnega, pa tudi z več izrazitimi prelomi zaznamovanega glasbenega 20. stoletja na Slovenskem. Zato ne gre le za zbirko večinoma v slovenščini še neobjavljenih besedil, ampak jih je avtor želel nadgraditi s širšim pogledom na naš glasbeni prostor, z izrisom nekakšnega glasbenega zemljevida, in se ob tem jasno opredelil do številnih do tedaj odprtih vprašanj. Delo pa vendarle še ostaja na stopnji skic, saj na glasbenem zemljevidu ostaja precej belih lis.
Simfonija v F-duru, opus 68: »ljubljanski prepis«
Authors: Dufner Jens
Published: June 2020

Skladateljski proces se praviloma ne konča z izdelavo avtografa. Kopije, ki so jih pripravljali profesionalni pisarji, so Beethovnu pogosto služile kot osnova za včasih tudi obsežne revizije; pogosto dokončni avtorjev notni zapis iz avtografa niti še ni razviden. Razveseljivo je, da imamo zdaj na voljo obsežen kopistov prepis neke celotne simfonije, ki ga je Beethoven tudi sam pregledal, in sicer kljub temu da je ohranjen tudi avtograf – tako v tiskani faksimilirani kakor v digitalizirani lahko dostopni spletni obliki – in kljub temu da prepis niti nima veliko Beethovnovih pripisov. Gre za prepis partiture Pastoralne simfonije, ki jo je kopist Joseph Klumpar izdelal kot tretjo kopijo simfonije (pred tem je prepisal že orkestrske glasove in partituro za založnika Breitkopf & Härtel) in je pri prvi javni izvedbi decembra 1808 služila kot izvajalska partitura. Danes jo hrani Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica v Ljubljani.
Renaissance Music and Culture in Croatia
Authors: Grabnar Klemen
Published: June 2020

Knjiga Ennia Stipčevića z naslovom Renaissance Music and Culture in Croatia je v precejšnji meri napisana za nestrokovnjake, izobraženo splošno publiko, ki jo zanima glasbena in širša renesančna kultura, povezana s historičnim hrvaškim ozemljem. Osredotočena je ne le na samo glasbo, temveč tudi na tiste, ki so jo ustvarili, izvajali, tiskali ipd., in na okoliščine, v katerih je glasba nastala, bila izvajana in tiskana. Po eni strani je zastavljena široko, po drugi pa je bogata s fascinantnimi podrobnostmi in ponuja vpogled v najnovejše stanje vedenja. Poleg tega odraža zanimanja, predsodke in usmeritve današnjega časa.
The Organ Compositions of Bedřich Antonín Wiedermann
Authors: Michálková Slimáčková Jana
Published: June 2020

This article deals with the compositions of the Czech organist Bedřich Antonín Wiedermann (1883–1951), who, unlike his contemporaries, was also a composer. He wrote around 340 works, of which more than a quarter are for organ. Most survive in the collection of his manuscripts deposited at the Czech Museum of Music (České muzeum hudby) in Prague.
Yaşlı Dostu İç Mekânlar Yaratmak: Kullanıcı Gözünden Bakış
Authors: CİLASUN Arzu , CETİN Cigdem , SEVER Müge , KARAGÖZLER Selin , AYDINLIK GÜNTÜRKÜN Fatma , TEKİN Nil
Published: June 2020

Tıptaki ilerlemelerle birlikte uzayan yaşam süresi yaşlı nüfusunun genel nüfusa oranının giderek artmasına neden olmaktadır. Değişen toplumsal yapı ile birlikte artan yaşlı nüfusunun barınması ve bakımı toplumsal sorunlardan biri olmaya başlayınca kurumlarca üstlenilen bakım modelleri geliştirilmiştir. Yaşlı bakımının yapıldığı kurumsal bakım yapılan tesislerin sayıları hızla artarken, sunulan hizmet kadar hizmetin sunulduğu alanın niteliği de oldukça önemlidir. Yaşlıların zamanlarının büyük kısmını kapalı/iç mekânlarda geçirdiği göz önüne alındığında, kullanıcılarının beklentisine uygun tasarlanmamış alanlar, yaşam kalitesini düşürürken, iyi tasarlanmış kurumsal bakım alanlarındaysa mekânla kurulan etkileşim sayesinde yaşlı kullanıcılar hem psikolojik hem fizyolojik hem de fiziksel imkânları ile desteklenir. Bu çalışmada İzmir’de örnek olarak seçilen huzurevinde konaklayan toplamda 250 yaşlı ile gerçekleşen; algı, aydınlatma, ısıl konfor ve yönlendirme konularını kapsayan anket sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir. Katılımcıların hem kaldıkları kurumsal bakım alanını değerlendirmesi hem de beklentilerini belirttikleri anket çalışmasının sonuçları, literatürden edinilen bilgilerle birleştirilip, seçilen başlıklar altında ayrı ayrı öneriler haline getirilmiştir. Sunulan önerilerin hem yaşlı dostu iç mekânların tasarlanmasında hem de başka yayınların hazırlanmasında katkı sağlaması planlanmaktadır.
Role of Women Director on Productivity Performance: A Study on Listed Private Commercial Banks of Bangladesh
Authors: Chaity Naznin Sultana , Akhter Parul , Bokhari Rifat Parveen
Published: June 2020

Efficiency measurement and productivity performance analysis now become a point of interest for many researchers'. Because it is established that efficient and productive banks could ensure superior performance by achieving the objective of wealth maximization. Board of Directors issues have also become an integral part of corporate governance studies. This study is conducted to know the bank efficiency and productivity change for the representation of women directors on board. This study examines the productivity and efficiency performance of twenty-two (22) listed private commercial banks in Bangladesh based on the Malmquist Productivity Index (Total Factor Productivity) over the period of 2007 to 2016. A low degree of relationship found between women directors representation in a board and productivity performance. But, there are significant differences found in productivity performance among the different generation banks.
The Spanish Women Poet’s Contribution To The Literature Of The 20th Century
Authors: García María Isabel Maldonado
Published: June 2020

The 20th century offers us a wealth of literary authors. The Spanish poets of the 20th century that usually come to mind are mainly male due to the fact that the female poets never received proper recognition and were ignored for many years. The historical events of the 20th century could have ceasedthe literary works of the Spanish authors. However, instead, the Spanish utilized the poetry of protest as a means of rebelling towards their social reality. Not only male poets but also women were extremely prolific in their craft. First during the Civil War and after during the thirty six years of dictatorship that followed in spite of the hardships, censorship and vigorous opposition. A few of these women are Carmen Conde, Rosa Chacel, Ernestina de Champourcin and others. This research studies thecontribution of a few outstanding women poets to the 20th century Spanish literature and language.
Deficient Feminine Nature Theory: Functional Ability Analysis in North-Western Society of Pakistan
Authors: Khattak Mamoon Khan , Khattak Khanzadi Fatima , Khattak Zubaida Khatoon
Published: June 2020

This research task is based on application analysis of the Marxist’s “The Deficient Feminine Nature Theory (DFNT)” which explains the nature of people’s attitude especially of males and this attitude’s underlying causes towards females. This theory provides and furthers the explanation of the phenomenon that how the women are unjustly exploited on the basis of this assumption that they are deficient. The core objective of the research has been to analyze the functional-ability of the said theory in the context of the society of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, a traditional and cultural values preserving society within the world. A number of 600 male respondents were interviewed of married status who were within the age group ranging from 25 years to 55 years; this category of the respondents were selected with the assumption that they may have a significant influential status over females within the community. The North-Western province i.e. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) was selected at random for samples’ selection.
Co-Management Approach And Its Impact On Women’s Livelihood Strategies: Lawachara Protected Forest Area Perspective
Authors: Islam Md. Mynul
Published: June 2020

Women’s position has not changed greatly in the patriarchal society of Bangladesh. The cultural interpretation of social practices creates a lot of obstacles for women to survive properly. Most of the time conventional development projects and policies prefer men’s issue to ensure their rights and opportunities rather than women’s as human being. Today’s socio-economic political situation has also affected poor people’s livelihood improvement especially for the poorest of the poor group. Among them, forest areas women are living in the most vulnerable situation to meet their livelihood. They have to face unthinkable problem to maintain their livelihood strategies as they do not have enough food, education, voice, power to exercise their capacity to bring some changes in both public and private places. To improve forest areas people’s livelihood strategy USAID/Bangladesh is playing a very significant role in association with states initiatives. They identified some areas as protected areas to take innovative development projects named co-management approach to development local people’s sustainable development. Lawachara is one of the oldest protected forest areas, under co-management approach in Bangladesh and USAID/Bangladesh has already launched different types of strategy to improve local people’s livelihood and as well as natural resource development. Through comanagement approach women in Lawachara are now really having some positive changes regarding their livelihood improvement but still there are some problems regarding policies, implementation strategies, monitoring and evaluation strategies. Greater recognition of this problem will be helpful for women in Lawachara to improve their livelihood strategies by incorporating gender issues into different mechanisms. In this regard this study examines the co-management approach from gender perspective to analyze the improvement of women’s livelihood strategy.
Gender And Political Participation In Pakistan: Issues And Constraints
Authors: Hassan Rukhsana , Keyani Saima
Published: June 2020

In order to achieve the objectives of poverty alleviation, sustainable development, and even human resource development it is imperative that women should be a part of governance and decision making bodies at all levels. In Pakistan too since independence, like other countries of the world, over the period of last six decades different regimes, both civil and military,have attempted to integrate women in the political process of the country. In the year 2000 under the patronage of the military regime, Pakistan has made significant progress in enhancing women’s political participation. In the local government ordinance of 2001 women representation in the different tiers of local government was raised to 33%. Regardless of this progress women access to the political institutions is not without constraints. Data for the research was collected, through interviews and close ended questionnaires, from 20 women parliamentarians. The major constraint, according to the respondents, is the mindset which women have to face in order to participate in the political process. The mindset is based upon the stereotypical division of roles and domain into male and female, which restrict women’s roles to domestic sphere and deter their participation in the public life. Although, women parliamentarian did acknowledge the role of family support in overcoming barriers to women participation in the political process, still in 21st century this support is not available to majority of women in Pakistani society. Apart from it role of media and the support of political parties are two other important dimensions which play an important role in creating barriers to women participation in the political process.
A Study About Measuring The Level Of Depression, Anxiety, And Locus Of Control In Asthmatic Women
Authors: Naz Shaista , Sulman Nasir
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression, anxiety, and locus of control in mild, moderate, and severe asthmatic women. The analysis focused on the relationship between the severity of illness as a major factor in emotional responding. In order to investigate these relationships, the Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale were administered to 150 asthmatic women between the ages of 18 to 55 who were being seen for a general medical appointment. The results of the investigation revealed a significant association between asthma severity and psychological functioning. The findings supported the general hypothesis of the study that a significant difference would exist between mild, moderate, and severe asthmatic women in their levels of depression, anxiety, and locus of control.
Civic Engagement And Islamic Ethos In Pakistan
Authors: Kalia Sumrin , Iraqi Khalid Mahmood
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this article is to investigate the idea of civic engagement and Islamic ethos in the context of Pakistan. Since Pakistan’s society and concept about citizenship are based on the premise of religious nationalism, therefore, Islam forms the basis of people’s perceptions and belief of public life. There has been a lot of change in the conceptions of societies throughout the world after modernization and large-scale spread of scientific and technological knowledge. Several nations have redesigned their lifestyle in the wake of modern sciences as they realize the significance of new discoveries and innovative advancements. Ethical value of religious teachings stands as a reality. However, change is always the order of the day. The peoples accepting change manage to sustain with success and dignity. Accordingly, an increasing emphasis on social change and development, human rights and democratic values, combined with declining performance of successive governments in public service delivery, demands a well-informed public splinted and engaged citizenry in Pakistan. In the contemporary world civic engagement is about promoting the quality of life in a community in a real term rather than as symbolic values. The various successive governments in Pakistan have failed to address this issue. In a true context whether we take Islamic or the western perception, the welfare of the people is the corner stone of governance which demands a very realistic balance between the concepts of people and the principles of management of public life.
Determinants Of Fertility And Fertility Preferences In Pakistan: Comparative Secondary Analysis Of PDHS 2007-2013
Authors: Jalil Aisha , Zakar Rubeena , Usman Ahmed , Amjad Aaisha
Published: June 2020

Fertility rate is on gradual decline in Pakistan like other developing countries with increased acceptance of family planning methods. Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys revealed a slow decline from 4.1 in 2007 to 3.8 children per woman in 2013. Despite availability of nationally representative primary data, empirical researches on demographic and health determinants of fertility and fertility preferences in Pakistan are rare. The aim of this study is to assess the major differences in factors determining fertility and fertility preferences in Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2006- 2007 and 2012-2013. Using two data sets Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2006-2007 and 2012-2013, researchers conducted a comparison of findings generated in secondary analyses. Researchers studied the association of social demographics, reproductive history and infant mortality with fertility and fertility preferences among ever-married women of reproductive age (15-49). Results are indicated using binary logistic regression and multivariate analysis. Findings support the association of social demographics of women, living sons, child mortality and reproductive history with ideal number of children; desire to reproduce more and number of living children. Injection induced labour pains, C-section deliveries, fistula problem, abortions and spotting during gestation are associated significantly with lower ideal number of children. Living sons are positively associated with ideal number of children and negatively associated with desire to reproduce more. The desire to reproduce more in association with women’s age 15-29, rural place of residence and C-section deliveries has reduced over time from 2007 to 2013 in country. Complications during pregnancies and delivery are important determinants of fertility and fertility preferences among women. Further research is needed to assess the association of pregnancy and delivery problems with fertility and fertility preferences in Pakistan.
Do Females In Top Management Affect Firm Performance? Evidence From Pakistan
Authors: Malik Muhammad Shaukat , Zahoor Nida
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of females on top management on firm performance. For this purpose, proportion of the females on top management and firm performance are considered. Secondary data of KSE-100 index firms is used from the year 2010 to year 2014 for this research. STATA 13 is employed to analyze the data and formulate the results. Results revealed that the impact of females in top management on firm performance changes with the job they perform. There is significantly negative impact of female top managers on firm performance. Whereas, females on board does not have any significant impact on firm performance.
Psychosocial Boundaries Leading Towards Women Low Economic Participation
Authors: Madani Munazza , Mamdani Kaneez Fatima , Sarfraz Huzaifa
Published: June 2020

Females are less in numbers when it comes to professional life, females are far behind in economic independence; male gender is the one which is ruling in labour market. The ratio of working women is very low as compared to men; especially in developing nations like Pakistan, this ratio is very depressed due to many social constraints. Women are surrounded by religious, cultural and traditional pressures and gate ways which they need to pass through. All hindrances make it difficult for women to get their piece of cake without any snag. To confirm these facts, middle class women aged 20 to 50 years were interviewed. Sadaf Stress Scale (SSS) was utilized to evaluate the level of emotional and mental stress in both groups. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Majority women in both groups expressed marriage and children’s socialization as a main hurdle in their professionalism; majority believed that it was not women’s responsibility to earn. Majority unmarried working females were ready to quit their jobs if their financial problems are solved in future. The proportion of women with high level stress was found in women of non-working group, who were of opinion that careers would have been good for them but would disturb their family lives. Level of stress was low in women whose religious level was high and they were against the concept of women empowerment. Rigid and orthodox interpretation of religious and society’s cultural values were found one of the important factors that held back women from economic participation.
Human Resource Management: Challenges And Strategies For Retaining Nurses At A Private University Hospital In Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Karamaliani Rozina , Rahim Shirin , Hameed Syed Aamir
Published: June 2020

Human resource for health, especially nurses, is the greatest challenge worldwide for most of the countries. This shortage has compelled hospital’s management and leadership to identify its causes and strategize interventions to overcome the deficit in order to improve and sustain quality health care for patients. This paper identifies issues affecting nurses’ retention and suggests recommendations for creating job enrichment and enhancing retention at a private university hospital in Karachi Pakistan. A contextual secondary data analysis of M.Sc. Nursing thesis, exit interviews and external evaluators’ report (2004) of a private university hospital in Karachi Pakistan along with review national and international studies published during 2001- 2013 on the factors affecting and strategies to improve nurses’ retention, attrition and job satisfaction. The contextual secondary analysis identifies the 5Ms including “management, migration, marriage, money and mother in law” to be the reasons of resignations identified among nurses. Whereas global literature highlighted two sets of reasons one is related to work life including higher education opportunities for career advancement, personal reasons, marriage, family commitment, and relocation for better prospects. The other set of reasons are work environment including overwork, lack of collegiality with co-workers, and lack of recognition from management. Moreover a model for nurses’ retention was developed to suggest ways to protect health human capital investment in a private university hospital. With prevailing country security situation in Pakistan, high cost impact of retention, sponsorship and escalating overseas demand, turnover will continue to remain a constant challenge. Healthcare organizations are strongly advised to invest in talent management practices that will have the greatest value for ensuring a steady workforce of qualified and engaged nurses.
Gender Differences In Determinants Of Medical Career Choice
Authors: Hafeez Aamir , Shah Syed Manzoor Hussain
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to identify the determinants of medical career whether these determinants varied across gender. Drawing from extensive study of existing literature, twenty determinants of medical career were shortlisted. A 60-item purposespecific reliable instrument, designed to assess the comparative influence of determinants, was administered on cross-gender sample of 550 respondents from four public and private medical colleges in Hazara Division of Pakistan. The sample was selected through systematic random sampling, giving gender representation due weight; 293 female students were selected against 253 males. The results showed significant gender-based differences across determinants. The female medical students were found to possess greater social motivation and stronger personality traits than their male counterparts who, with weak personality traits, suffered social and economic compulsions and were only motivated by pecuniary considerations. In the light of findings of the study, it is recommended that due caution be exercised in forming gender-related opinions and sanctifying age-old ‘established’ views. It is preferable that natural inclinations are nurtured to eventually pave way for a psychologically healthy society comprising individuals seeking success through inner fulfilment than through adjustment to unbending and arbitrary social dictates.
Gender Differences In Modernization Of Leisure: Changing Trends In Sports And Recreation In Rural Punjab
Authors: Farooq Ayesha , Ahmed Khalil
Published: June 2020

The main objective of present study is to measure changes in leisure activities of a rural community in the Punjab, Pakistan. Gender differences and changes in participation of sports are also assessed over a period of fifty years. The changes have been identified from 1960s through 2008 retrospectively. Data are taken from a larger sample survey covering various social institutions in the village. An interview schedule permitting multiple responses was developed to interview persons, age 55 + years. Out of 223 eligible persons, 109 respondents (54 males and 55 females) were systematically selected. Our findings are based on descriptive and trend analyses. It is found that watching television is a popular leisure activity in the village. Leisure activities such as folklores, visiting neighbors and smoking huqa disappeared during the last two decades. Traditional sports are almost replaced by modern ones such as cricket, football and badminton from 1990s and onwards. Girls have also started participating in outdoor games which used to be exclusively meant for boys.
SAARC Female Prime Ministers Policies For Women Empowerment In Their Region
Authors: Magsi Hussan Ara , Wajidi Faraz Ahmed
Published: June 2020

This article aims to assess the perceptions and practical steps of All female Prime Ministers of SAARC Countries (Benazir Bhutto, Indra Gandhi, Sheikh Hasina Wajid, Begum Khalida Zia and Sirimavo Bandranaike etc), had taken for the betterment of women in their respective countries etc. The socio-economic and geographical approach will be applied in this research paper to gauge to progressive measures introduced by the female prime ministers of SAARC countries. The female prime ministers rose to such a high position due to dynastical family background. These female prime ministers are symbol of female empowerment and representation, and they are gender sensitive and gender conscious to promote the womenfolk in every walk of life. All of them had worked in the areas: health, education, and economic, political representation, control the violence etc. The mirror is placed among the SAARC female prime ministers that how they wore the gender lens to prove themselves as a dynamic leader and also worked by rejecting the orthodox traditions in a patriarchal society to empower their women in their regions. They had signed different international instruments i.e. CEDAW (Convention regarding the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women) 1979, Beijing Declaration 1995, in order to transform their national policies according to the principles of these documents. They were highly aware that SAARC region is less gender sensitive, and had taken various steps to promote the womenfolk in every walk of life. They had accepted all the national and international challenges to tread upon the path of modernization and progressiveness and to bring at par their women with men. Their progressive policies laid far-reaching imprints upon the sand of SAARC soil that they realized that nation cannot progress until and unless our women are supported to participate in national building activities.
Cross Border Marriages (CBM’s) Between Pakistan To Developed Countries: A Socio-Economic Perspective
Authors: Jahangir Shagufta , Manzoor Asma
Published: June 2020

According to many researches, the third world youth crave to go to developed countries just merely to get sustainable economic development. To accomplish their wish they use every possible way like cross border marriages (CBM’S) is one of them. The basic and main purpose of CBM’S is financial sustainability neither culture nor religion or others. The findings shows that most Pakistanis leave Pakistan only for economic stability, 10 per cent for better education, 10 per cent for improving living standard, while 16.6 per cent for economic (These all are simply economic reasons to pay court to women on inter-racial grounds) and education reasons while 3.4% leave for political or criminal issue. Due to these thoughts these people flipside to their native areas with only economic firmness rather social attitudes, moral attitudes behaviors, norms, myths and religion. The study shows that men do CBM’S to get firmness even they have families in their native areas. Second family formation is the easy way to get their desires, i.e. legal cover and residence. After satisfying their needs they come back to their native areas, even they leave behind their offspring because they give priority to their inhabitant families. In this situation foreigner wife or offspring face problems economically, socially and mentally. This article aims to describe that economic reasons are the basic phenomena of CBM’S for the third world countries’ people who prefer to go to developed countries and to live without facing legal issues.
An Assessment Of Trade Openness On Gender Inequality: An ARDL To Co-Integration Approach (A Case Study Of Pakistan)
Authors: Mujaheed Nooreen , Begum Azeema
Published: June 2020

The impacts of trade policies are ambiguous for male and females due to difference in social status, economic opportunity and control over resources in developing countries. Unfortunately, trade policies are gender blind and overlook female’s concern and objectives. It is fact that trade openness promotes economic development but it is still unclear its impact on females. The study investigates the impact of trade openness on gender inequality in case of Pakistan from the period of 1985 to 2015. We have taken gender inequality index generated by Ahmed and Bukhari (2007), foreign direct investment, trade openness, Female labour force participation, enrolment ratio of females, and government spending on health and education sector. After applying Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) to co-integration and Vector Error Correction Estimation (VECM) technique, the results demonstrate the sign of stationary of time series variables, and short run as well as of long-run equilibrium relation among variables. However, trade liberalization polices will be beneficial if its help to increase the export sector. Export sectors of Pakistan are on textile, clothing and mostly on agriculture products where mostly female are employed. Increasing share of government spending in health and education will indirectly affect the women health ability in order to enhance their social status and access over the economic recourses which can reduce the gender inequality in Pakistan.
An Analytical Study On Role Of Trade Association For Women Entrepreneurship And Their Capacity Building
Authors: Sharafat Shazia , Shah Nasreen Aslam
Published: June 2020

The chambers and associations in Pakistan are mainly represented by men. Meantime the representation of women entrepreneurs is also gaining momentum. Women entrepreneurs have formed chambers in the country to explore potentials and create platform for resolving issues arising during undertaking businesses. The study identified that women have potential and are working hard. Yet they are at takeoff position to get success in expanding the business set-up and getting recognition. The government has brought some changes in the rules for establishing trade organization and allowed formation of separate chambers for women considering their participation in different businesses. It is observed that some efforts have been made by women members under the umbrella of Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FPCCI) to organize conferences and roundtables to promote and explore business skill of women. The FPCCI, as the apex trade body of the country, organized national and international exhibitions in which they have given equal opportunities to women as men. However, women entrepreneurs are still facing problems due to lack of business knowledge while operating business.
Gender Construction And Media Narratives: Representations Of Gender In Animated Movies
Authors: Batool Sumera , Naeem Maria , Batool Feroza
Published: June 2020

Media, as an important and powerful social institution, contributes in the construction and reinforcement of perceptions and beliefs about gender. The media images of gender have been found stereotypical and discriminated while there have been many debates on the under representation and biased treatment of gender related issues. This research study particularly analyzed how media narratives play a part in the construction of gender identities in animated movies. The study focused to investigate how femininity and masculinity have been build up in movies, which sort of roles have been assigned to both genders and which identities have been emphasized in the animated movies of Time Warner and Walt Disney during the time period of 2008 to 2013. Gender schema and social learning theories gave implications to the research findings. Both quantitative and qualitative content analysis of fourteen animated movies was conducted. The study concluded that there is stereotypical representations of gender in movies. The women are under-represented and usually negatively portrayed while the men have shown with more societal powers.