bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamicly Observing Influence of Ambient PM2.5 on Human Lymphocyte Subsets
Authors: Yuan Zhong Hai , Hou Yi Ju , Zhao Chen , Li Yan
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjective: To dynamicly observe the impact of changes of ambient PM2.5 on lymphocyte subsets of healthy young people. Method: During the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, we dynamic detected changes of lymphocyte subsets from125 healthy young people living in the center area of Beijing, and detected changes of lymphocytes’ immunophenotype by flow cytometry (FCM). Air samplers installed in the same area monitored continuously changes of ambient PM2.5. Results: The PM2.5 in August was obviously decreased comparing with that in June and in October. Repeated measures ANOVA suggested that the changes of PM2.5 were statistically significant (P<0.05). With the improvement of ambient PM2.5, under the total number of lymphocytes, T cell number, the total number of Naïve T cells not change significantly (P>0.05), helper T cell (TH) increased, suppressor T cell (TS) decreased, the ratio of TH/TS increased, regulatory T cell (RT) increased, NK cells decreased. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the correlation between PM2.5 and TH, TH/TS, RT was negatively statistically significant (P<0.05), whereas no statistically significant correlation with TS, NK cell. Conclusion: The changes of ambient PM2.5 in the shortterm effected obviously on healthy human lymphocyte subsets. With the improvement of PM2.5, on behalf of immune surveillance function of TH cell increased, TH/TS and RT cell increased, whereas representative excessive immune TS cell, NK cell reduced.
A Comparative Study on Antibacterial and Wash Durability Behaviour of ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles Treated Cotton Fabric Using Sodium Alginate as Cross Linker
Authors: Yuvakkumar R. , Suresh J. , Nathanael A. Joseph , Sundrarajan M. , Hong Sun Ig
Published: January 2014

The effects of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles on antibacterial and wash durability behaviour of nanoparticles treated cotton fabric using sodium alginate as cross linker were studied. The metal oxide nanoparticles treated cotton fabric using sodium alginate as a crosslinker was characterized employing SEM-EDX and their antibacterial activity was analyzed. The obtained zone of inhibition and estimated wash durability behaviour is in the order of ZnO>CuO.
High Aspect Ratio Hydroxyapatite Nanorods Formed by Polymer Assisted Synthesis
Authors: Nathanael A. Joseph , Yuvakkumar R. , Oh Tae Hwan , Hong Sun Ig
Published: January 2014

High aspect ratio (length/width) of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanorods were prepared by polymer assisted hydrothermal synthesis. The aspect ratio of the nanorods was increased in the presence of polymer in hydrothermal method. Structural analysis was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to find the purity and the crystal structure of the material. Morphological analysis was carried out by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) to find the morphological variation in the presence of polymer concentration compared to pristine HA. The increased aspect ratio of the HA was visible from the morphological analysis. This shape and size controlled synthesis have an important impact in many field of research.
Research on Influencing Factors of Crystallization of Caffeine from Tea
Authors: Guan Shu Xia , Song Chun Hong , Ji Lei
Published: January 2014

Abstract:This article studied with emphasis in the caffeine crystallization condition of soaked raises in the crystallization law, separately inspected the ratio of mass of material,the time of soaking,the temperature of soaking,pH effect on the extraction of the caffeine, and the amount of precipitation and other factors on the extraction rate of caffeine to identify the most excellent condition to extract caffeine, in these conditions. Using a melting point and IR identification analysis check the final product which it maybe contain, Have put forward a recovery method precipitated to much phenol of tea polyphenols in experiment course.
Steelmaking Desulfurization Process
Authors: Li Hui , Liang Jing Long
Published: January 2014

Some rare elements in steel caused by defects on the steel, the sulfur as a harmful element in the converter, the sulfur removal is essential, introduced converter sulfur removal process and some technical viewpoint shallow herein.
Efficient Extraction of SiO2 and Al2O3 from Coal Gangue by Means of Acidic Leaching
Authors: Dong Ling , Li Yu , Yan Jie , Shu Xin Qian
Published: January 2014

Coal gangue is mainly composed of SiO2, Al2O3 and other components. It is a huge reserve of aluminum and silicon resources. The coal gangue stockpiles in China is more than 5 billion tons at present, of which contain Al2O3 more than 1 billion tons, SiO2 more than 2.5 billion tons. It will make supplement for the lack of bauxite resources in China to some extent by extracting Al2O3 with appropriate methods. In the same time, it will meet the strong demand of national economic growth for aluminum and silicon requirement, and to ensure the safety of national mineral resources. Research for extraction of Al2O3, SiO2 by acid leaching way was carried out in this paper. The influence of acid material ratio, leaching temperature, and leaching time on Al2O3, SiO2 extraction was dealt with in detail. Al2O3, SiO2 in accordance with China national products standard were obtained by optimization of the leaching conditions and parameters.
Characterization of a Sorbent Derived from Construction and Demolition Waste
Authors: Li Yin Ming , Zhang Fu Shen
Published: January 2014

Construction and demolition waste (C&D) was employed as a raw material to synthesize sorbent by fusion-hydrothermal process in order to effectively use this type of waste material. The specific surface area and the cation exchange capacity (CEC) values of the sorbent were 308.2 m2 g-1 and 625.6 mmol/100 g-1, respectively. It was found that the sorbent was quite effective for ammonium ion due to the high CEC value. The sorbent possessed high PFOS sorption capacities after load with cationic surfactant (Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide, CTAB), the sorption capacities of CTAB-modified sorbents enhanced with the increase of CTAB loading amount. This study provides an effective way for the C&D waste utilization.
Effects of Basicity (CaO/SiO2) on the Behavior of Heavy Metals from Sludge Incineration Ash by Vitrification Treatment
Authors: Zhang Zhi Kun , Li Ai Min , Liang Xuan Ye
Published: January 2014

Heavy metals are one of the important factors that need to be considering for the disposal of sludge incineration ash. Vitrification by melting has been identified as a potentially effective tool that can solidify the heavy metals into the glass matrix structure. In this paper, the characteristics of heavy metals in sludge incineration ash (SIA) were studied by using Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure. Fractions extracted by the BCR sequential procedure were acid soluble/exchangeable, reducible, oxidizable and residual fraction, respectively. The total contents of Cu were the highest, followed by then Zn, Cr and Ni, and the content of Pb was the least. The effects of basicity (CaO/SiO2) on the solidification efficiency of heavy metals and the leaching toxicity of obtained molten slag were investigated. The molten slags demonstrated strong capacity on the stabilization/ solidification of heavy metals. With the basicity value increasing from 0.4 to 0.8, the solidification efficiency of Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni decreased first and then increased, while that of Cr decreased straightly. The heavy metal leaching test results of the molten slags were far lower than the limits required by the regulatory standard of EPA, confirming the possibility of engineering and construction applications.
Analysis of the Factors Affected Construction Waste’s Management in Structure Equation Model
Authors: Lu Mei , Wei Miao
Published: January 2014

Plenty of construction waste comes into being while the economic developing with a high speed, which brings tremendous harm to human beings and the environment. How to resolve this problem is being an awkward job. This paper builds a structure equation model to analyze the factors affected path and affected degree on the basis of theoretical analysis of the factors from every related subjects, so that we can find effectual measures to resolve the problem of construction wastes management.
Refining Slag Treatment with Flotation Cell
Authors: Yang Li Jun , Zhang Yue Jun , Feng Tian Ran , Wu Feng
Published: January 2014

In past years, the exploitation of mineral resource in our country was stressed on capacity and the solid waste recycle and innocent treatment was ignored. Much valuable metal is associated and coexist with waste, it is in difficult position for present technology to recycle valuable composition in that waste, which leads to valuable component loss and environment pollution. Therefore, the development and utilization of copper refining slag is in significance. In this paper, the advantages and difficulties to process refining slag by flotation method are discussed based on property analysis of copper refining slag. The refining slag is featured by high specific gravity, high concentration, and its particles distributing at both ends of small and large size. A flotation cell with special structure of barrier grid plate and multi-loop channel is developed for refining slag processing, which provides a proper way to solve the sediment problem during refining slag flotation. The application of CLF-40(effective volume,40m3) flotation cell for processing slag mixture from flash furnace and converter is expounded, the production index shows that the Cu grade is up to 27.18% at recovery of 83.93% when slurry concentrate being 70%
Extraction of Precious Metals with a New Amide Extractant
Authors: Huang Ying , Li Nan , Li Yong Hua , Wu Jian , Li Shang Hua , Chen Sheng , Zhu Lin
Published: January 2014

Precious metals are used widely in electronic industry because of their excellent heat resistance, corrosion resistance and catalytic property. Therefore it is important to recycle precious metals from E-waste. In this study, a new amid extractant N,N-Dimethyl-N,N-didecyl-3-thiopentanediamide (MDTDGA) was firstly synthesized through N-alkylated and N-acylation reaction. The extraction behavior of precious metals with MDTDGA in 80% dodecane-20% 2-ethylhexanol from hydrochloric acid was studied. The extraction ration increases with HCl concentration and extractant concentration, but it is not influenced by H+ concentration. It is indicated that the extraction of precious metals Pd (II), Pt (IV), Au (III) with MDTDGA is neutral coordination. High extraction efficiency of Au (III) of 99.5% using MDTDGA was obtained.
Performances of Leaching-UBF Anaerobic Digestion for Biogas Production of Kitchen Waste
Authors: Kong Feng , Zhang Xiao Ye , Cheng Jie Hong , Mao Zai Xin , Wang Yong Qiang , Wang Pan Li
Published: January 2014

The performances of leaching-upflow blanket filter (UBF) anaerobic digestion for biogas production of kitchen waste was investigated. To find out the process parameter variations of acidification phase and the methane production performance of methanogenic phase, kitchen waste from division of environment sanitation management of Changzhou was used as feedstock. The results show that the ammonia in anaerobic system cumulated continuously throughout the digestion; pH value maintained at7.6; At first the value of COD ranged from 20000 mg/L to 140000 mg/L to the final UBF water 10000mg/L to 12000 mg/L; Volatile fatty acid (VFA) reduced to 150mg/L with the increase of the days; total nitrogen increases first and then decreases, finally, it keeps at 1600 mg/L; The concentration of alkalinity increased slightly; biogas production is stable, The rate of gas generation is above0.30 m3/kgCOD . These results provide a proof of the feasibility for kitchen waste anaerobic methane fermentation.
Analysis on Medical Waste Management and Disposal in Kunming City
Authors: Qiu Cheng , Ye Chun Li , Ye Chang Bing
Published: January 2014

Medical waste is a special category of waste with potential health and environment risks. Medical waste management and disposal is a difficult problem in the western China because the shortage of financial support. Kunming city was selected to assess the current achievement and experience of medical waste management and disposal. Kunming municipal government solved the problem of medical waste disposal by adopting the model of BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer). The analyzed results showed that there was a good achievement of medical waste disposal in Kunming city that medical waste disposal realized centralized and normalized disposal, and centralized disposal had amounted to one hundred percent in urban area since 2006. Medical waste disposal in Kunming city mainly includes three steps, that is,the sort and collection of respective medical institutions, the centralized collection and transport of Kunming Center for Medical Waste Centralized Disposal (KCMWCD) and incineration . Kunming municipal government approved franchise for Medical waste disposal. The government has strengthened the medical waste disposal by building the effective administrative monitoring system of medical waste, organizing some meetings and visiting the place of medical waste disposal for relevant person and training them, and imposing the medical waste disposal fee on medical institution.
A Mini-Review on Disposal of WEEE Plastics Containing PBDEs with a Special Focus on China
Authors: Deng Chao , Li Ying , Li Jin Hui , Li Hua Fen
Published: January 2014

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), especially pentaBDE and decaBDE have been extensively used as flame retardants in plastics of most electronic equipment. However, PBDE congeners have been found in the environment, in wildlife and in human body worldwide with evidences that they pose risks both to human health and to the entire ecosystem. China has become an important pentaBDE and decaBDE production country because of the increasing domestic demand due to rapid development of electronic industry in recent years. Although pentaBDE was phased out in 2004, decaBDE still remains in production and is used in electrical industry. Additionally, large amounts of plastics containing these pollutants from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) are generated in China each year and their disposal has been a vital environmental challenge. Machaniclal recycling, fedlock recycling and landfilling are three main means of disposal of WEEE plastics. This article reviews the production of PBDEs, the amounts of WEEE and the disposal of WEEE plastics worldwide, with a special focus on China. The state of the emission of PBDEs and highly toxic polybrominated dibenzo dioxins/furans in the process of disposal is summed up based on previous studies. This article recommends that mechanical recycling should be the main means of disposal of WEEE recycling with regards to the summaries, the current practices and the status in China.
Effects of Land Application of Municipal Sewage Sludge on Growth, Physiology and Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Dai Liang , Peng Biao Lin , Wei Bi Gui , Ma Gui
Published: January 2014

The application of sewage sludge on agricultural soils is a promising technical solution. Pot experiments were performed to study the effect of sewage sludge application on growth, physiology and accumulation of heavy metals in three kinds of wheat. The experimental results showed soil pH decreased significantly with the increase of the application of sewage sludge. The contents of Cu, Zn and Pb in the mixed soil did not exceed the Environmental quality standards for soils in China for Grade II (GB-1518-1995).Wheat obtained good growth activities after the application of sewage sludge, however, high land application of sewage sludge (the ratio of sludge in the mixed soil of dry weight was 20% and 25%) inhibited seed emergence and root length. The content of total chlorophyll in wheat increased with the increase of sewage sludge application first and reached a maximum, and then decreased with a further increase of sewage sludge. Compared with the control, the a/b value in chlorophyll showed trace change. The content of proline in wheat increased with the increase of sewage sludge in low doses of sewage sludge (5%, 10% and 15%), while there was no significant increase in the content in high land application of sewage sludge. The physiological metabolism of wheat will exhibit abnormality as the stress of pollutants from sludge exceeded the tolerance of wheat. The content of three kinds of heavy metals in wheat grain increased obviously with sludge application increasing, indicating an increasing trend, and had the phenomenon of exceeded the safety qualification of non-environmental pollution food in china at high doses of sewage sludge. Taking account of the effects of sewage sludge application on growth,physiology and accumulation of heavy metals in wheat, the doses of sludge in the mixed soil of dry weight should be lower than 15%.
Response Surface Optimization of Trace Element Requirement for the Production of Volatile Fatty Acids from Excess Sludge
Authors: Liu Xiao Ling , Wang Jian , Song Yong Hui , Zeng Ping
Published: January 2014

Anaerobic microorganisms involved in VFAs fermentation have inherent requirements for trace metals. It is inferred that excess sludge contains inadequate amounts of bioavailable trace metals for high-rate VFAs fermentation. The unavailability of these trace metals is probably the primary reason of poor yield without any other obvious reason. However, trace metal requirements in VFAs fermentation are not often reported in literature. Therefore, minimum requirements for trace metals including Zn, Co, Cu, Fe and Mn in VFAs fermentation from excess sludge were investigated. Firstly, the effect of each trace metal element on the VFAs production was investigated, respectively. And then, response surface methology was employed to optimize the requirement conditions of these five trace elements. The results showed that these five metal elements had the potential to enhance the production of VFAs, and the improved influences were as follows: Fe > Co > Mn > Cu > Zn. However, the production of VFAs decreased obviously with a further increase of each trace element. The optimal mixed conditions of these five trace elements were found to be 0.0982% Fe, 0.0047% Co, 0.0053% Zn, 0.0038% Cu and 0.0936% Mn. Under the optimal conditions, the concentration of VFAs reached 8410 mg/L, and increased by 2.5 times compare with the control. Finally, the consistent results between the prediction and the experiment indicated that the established polynomial model was feasible, and VFAs production could be described well by this model.
Mechanism and Application Prospects of Sewage Sludge Conditioning with Fly-Ash
Authors: Yue Min , Zhang Meng , Liu Bin , Ma Chun Yuan
Published: January 2014

The effects of fly-ash on dewatering of sewage sludge were studied according to sludge specific resistance (SSR), dehydrated speed, and moisture content of sludge cake as investigation indexes through single-factor experiments by contrasting to cationic polyacrylamide (PAM). The results showed that SSR kept decreasing with the rising of fly-ash dosage. When the dosage of fly-ash was 0.02 g/(ml sludge), SSR reduced by 65.2%. When the dosage of fly-ash was over 0.03 g/(ml sludge) adding with PAM, the dehydrated speed will be increased by three fourths. Through the analyses of Zeta potential, scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation, combined with the dehydration experiments, it was thought that the mechanism of fly-ash on dewatering of sewage sludge was that their particles evenly dispersed in sludge floc skeleton structure and thus decreased the SSR and improved the permeability of the sludge cake. The disposal of dewatering sludge and recycling approaches after fly-ash condition were also discussed. They can be used as landfill or as raw materials in building fields.
Study of PCP Photodegradation by TiO2 Catalyst Based on Different Properties of Soil Washing Effluents
Authors: Zhang Ya Xin , Wang Hong Tao
Published: January 2014

Remediation of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in soils and groundwater has becoming an issue of extensive concern around the world. Surfactant enhanced remediation has been suggested as a promising technology for abating such contaminants, and the nonionic surfactants have often been employed based on their high solubilization capabilities and comparatively low critical micelle concentrations (CMCs). A major problem arises after soil washing because the collected surfactant-containing wastes must be properly disposed or treated. In this study, 13 different soil with different basic properties were artificially contaminated with pentachlorophenol (PCP) and washed with TX100, a widely used nonionic surfactant. The properites of the as-required 13 washing effluents were test, and photocatalystic degradation of PCP using commercial P25 TiO2 was carried out. The degradation curves were fitted to the pseudo-first-order kinetic law, and simple correlation coefficients were obtained between the first-order rate constants k and washing effluents properties. The results obtained indicated that the degradation rate of PCP mainly depended on the concentration of PCP and TX100 in the wasted effluents, while othe substances washed out from soil showed very limited impact on the photocatalysis procedure.
Innovative Metal Injection Molding (MIM) Method for Producing CoCrMo Alloy Metallic Prosthesis for Orthopedic Applications
Authors: Abdullah Noorsyakirah , Omar Mohd Afian , Jamaludin Shamsul Baharin , Zainon Nurazilah Mohd , Roslani Norazlan , Meh Bakar , Jalil Mohd Nizam Abd , Hijazi Mohd Bakri Mohd , Omar Ahmad Zahid
Published: January 2014

Powder injection molding (PIM) is a powder metallurgy process currently used for the production of complicated and near net shape parts of high performance materials [. This technique basically combines the advantages of plastic injection molding and the versatility of the conventional powder metallurgy technique. The process overcomes the shape limitation of powder compaction, the cost of machining, the productivity limits of isostatic pressing and slip casting, and the defect and tolerance limitations of conventional casting [1, 2, . According to German and Bose [, the technology of metal injection molding (MIM) is more complicated than that of the plastic injection molding, which arises from the need to remove the binder and to densify and strengthen the part. The process composed of four sequential steps: mixing of the powder and organic binder, injection molding, debinding where all binders are removed and sintering [1, 2, 3, 4]. If it necessary, secondary operations such as heat treatments after sintering can be performed [1, 2, 3, 4, .
Solid Supported [hmim][Tf2N] for CO2 Adsorption
Authors: Md Nurul Safiah , Azmi Bustam Mohammad , Yunus Normawati M. , Man Zakaria
Published: January 2014

Ionic liquids are new alternative solvents that can be used to separate carbon dioxide in the gas separation process. However, the high viscosity of ionic liquids limits the mass transfer of solutes into ionic liquids. In this work, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide ([hmi [Tf2) was impregnated onto porous Al2O3 and SiO2 and tested for CO2 adsorption at pressure up to 40 bar at 25 °C. The screening process showed that [hmi [Tf2-Si gave higher CO2 adsorption capacity compared to [hmi [Tf2-Al and pure [hmi [Tf2. The experimental work was further investigated by varying the composition of [hmi [Tf2 inside SiO2 pores. The composition of [hmi [Tf2 was varied from 10 wt% to 40 wt%. The result showed the 10 wt% composition gave the highest CO2 adsorption compared to 20 wt%, 30 wt% and 40 wt%. The lower CO2 adsorption by 20 wt%, 30 wt% and 40 wt% might be due to the blockage of SiO2 pores by excess [hmi [Tf2. From this research, it proved that porous solid support can provide high surface area that is necessary to accommodate intimate contact between CO2 and solid supported ionic liquid and increases the CO2 adsorption capacity.
The Influence of Sintering Atmosphere for Metal Injection Moulding M2 High Speed Steel
Authors: Sauti R. , Wahab N.A. , Omar M.A. , Ahmad I.N.
Published: January 2014

This paper reports on the compatibility of waste rubber as binder for M2 High Speed Steel injection moulding. The feedstock was prepared at a powder loading of 65 vol.% using 22μm M2 High Speed Steel powder and the binders consisting of 55wt.% paraffin wax, 21wt.% polyethylene, 14wt.% waste rubber and 10wt.% stearic acid. The specimens were then sintered in vacuum and 95%N2/5%H2 atmosphere. The sintering in vacuum atmosphere occurred within a temperature range from1200°C to 1260°C, whilst the 95%N2/5%H2 atmosphere was carried out within a temperature range from 1220°C to 1300°C. The effects of the sintering atmosphere and temperature on the physical properties, mechanical properties and microstructure were investigated.
Magnetic Properties of Irradiated Nickel Ferrite Thermoplastic Natural Rubber Nanocomposite
Authors: Appadu Sivanesan , Ahmad Sahrim Hj. , Ratnam Chantara Thevy , Razali Meor Yahaya , Flaifel Moayad Husein , Yu Lih Jiun
Published: January 2014

The effect of electron beam (EB) irradiation at different doses on the magnetic, microstructure, morphological and thermal properties of NiFe2O4/Thermoplastic Natural Rubber (TPNR) nanocomposite was investigated. The NiFe2O4/TPNR nanocomposite samples were prepared by using a Haake mixer in weight ratio of 12:88. The TPNR matrix consists of natural rubber (NR), liquid natural rubber (LNR) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) in weight ratio of 20:10:70. The samples were irradiated using a 2 MeV EB machine in doses from 0 - 200 kGy. Magnetic properties studied by using the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature showed that the values of saturation magnetization (MS), remanence magnetization (MR) and the coercivity (HC) value increased with increasing doses of irradiation. The increase in MSand MRvalues is attributed to the increase in concentration of Fe3+ions at octahedral B-site and decrease of concentration at the tetrahedral A-site in the NiFe2O4cubic structure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the samples showed that peak intensities decreased and the width of the peaks increased with increasing doses of irradiation. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the nanocomposite cross section showed the presence of defects which is more visible with increasing doses of irradiation. In the case of thermal properties, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that the crystallization temperature (Tc) and the degree of crystallinity (Xc) of the nanocomposite samples decreased with increasing doses of irradiation due to crosslinking of polymeric chains which hinders the growth of crystals.
Recovery of 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Idaham Nurul Fasihah , Mohamad Azmi Bustam-Khalil , Kait Chong Fai , Man Zakaria
Published: January 2014

Ionic liquids have been recognized as an alternative solvent applicable in synthesis, separation, catalysis and electrochemistry. However, the synthesis costs, performance efficiencies and problems related to waste waters contaminated with ionic liquids are the major issues that need to be considered. Thus, recovery method is one of the alternatives to overcome the current issues. 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids were chosen for the study. The recovery process was conducted in two steps; water-washing and recovery using solvent. All the selected ionic liquids were extracted with water and BMIM CH3SO4was 100% recovered. However the ionic liquids contained high percentage of water which may change the properties of the ionic liquids. This current work has studied not only on the performance of recovery, but also on the properties and the behaviour of the ionic liquids to be further reused in a particular application.
Bending Strength of Glulam from Selected Malaysian Hardwood Timber
Authors: Wan Mohamad Wan Hazira , Ahmad Zakiah , Abd. Jalil Ashari
Published: January 2014

Malaysian government has already built the first glulam structure in Malaysia with the aim of demonstrating the potentialities of using indigenous hardwood timber for glulam. Since Malaysia possesses a vast variety of timber species, hence there is a need to identify suitable species for glulam manufacturing. This paper presents the bending performance of Malaysian hardwood glulam beams, manufactured from different categories namely heavy, medium and light hardwood timbers. A series of tests were carried out on the glulam beam that includes bending test, delamination test and shear test of glue line. Results in this study will be useful to manufacturers interested in using Malaysian hardwood for glulam beams.
Optimization of TiAlN Coatings on HSS Inserts by Physical Vapour Deposition Process Using Taguchi Technique
Authors: Fazira Mohamed Fadzil , Samsiah A.M. , Selamat M.A. , Amin M. , Talib R.J.
Published: January 2014

High-speed machining is one of the modern technologies that enable the increase in efficiency, accuracy and quality of workpieces, as compared to conventional cutting. At the same time, it decreases costs and machining time [.
Structural and Photoluminescence Properties of Co-Doped ZnO Nanorods Prepared by RF-Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Al-Salman Husam S. , Abdullah Mat Johar
Published: January 2014

Cobalt-doped ZnO nanorods were successfully synthesized on SiO2/Si substrate using RF-magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The structural, morphological, and photoluminescence (PL) properties of undoped and Co-doped ZnO nanostructure were characterized using X-ray diffraction, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, and PL analyses. The results showed that Co2+ replaces Zn2+ in the ZnO lattice without changing the wurtzite structure. As the Co concentration increases, the structure becomes highly crystalline and is gradually converted into nanorods with no extra phases. The as-synthesized nanorod arrays are dense and vertically grow on the SiO2 substrate. The arrays exhibit diameters of approximately 56.89 nm as well as lengths that range from 247.9 nm to 527.5 nm. PL analysis reveals that the ultraviolet (UV) emission intensity decreases and exhibits a blue shift as the Co doping level is increase.
Analysis of the Rheological Behavior and Stability of Inconel 718 Powder Injection Molding (PIM) Feedstock
Authors: bin Abdullah Ahmad Nizam , binti Johari Nurhaslina , bin Suleiman Ahmad Muhammad Jabir , Ibrahim Rosdi , Talib Abdul Rahim Abu
Published: January 2014

In PIM process, the molding stage is a critical step for the fabrication of sound parts without cracks and distortions. So, this step requires specific rheological behavior. Rheological analysis can be made to quantify the stability of the PIM feedstock during molding process. In this study, an experimental rheological study has been performed to evaluate the influence of palm stearin on the rheological behavior and stability of Inconel 718 powder injection molding (PIM) feedstock. The effects of shear rate and temperature were investigated via capillary rheometer method. The viscosity and shear rate of the feedstock were measured at various range of temperature and shear rate across the L/D = 1 capillary rheometer. The results show that the formulation binder system PSPE 7030 is the best feedstock to be injection molded because it has moderate value of flow sensitivity index, lower value for flow activation energy and higher value for mold ability index. Besides that, the increasing of PS content in the binder system has found reduce viscosity and value of flow activation energy and increase value of mold ability index of feedstock.
Investigation of Biomechanical and Biosafety of Injection Moulded Implant Materials
Authors: Omar Mohd Afian , Abdullah Noorsyakirah , Mohd Zainon Nurazilah , Roslani Norazlan , Zulkifly Ahmad Hafiz
Published: January 2014

This paper presents the attempt to manufacture metallic implant using medical grade 316L stainless steel alloy powder by MIM process. The powder with the median particle size of 15 μm and a binder consisting of palm stearin and poly ethylene were mixed at 160°C using a sigma-blade mixer for one hour to prepare the feedstock of the test bar. The rheological properties of the feedstock was tested using capillary rheometer. The test bar was injection moulded using vertical injection moulding machine with the nozzle temperature of 200°C. Prior to sintering, the specimens were debound using a combination of solvent extraction and thermal pyrolysis method. The specimens were then sintered under vacuum at the temperature between 1300oC to 1360oC. The properties of the sintered bar such as physical appearance and densities were presented and discussed. The biocompatibility including toxicity properties of the implant also been presented. The results showed that physical and mechanical properties of the sintered sample complied with the international standard
Photo Characterization of Spirooxazine and Naphthopyran Organic Dyes upon UV Irradiation
Authors: Mohamed Noor Zalikha Islam , Malik M.Z.A. , Nazri S.A.A.A. , Zainuddin M.T. , Aziz N.M.A. , Khairuldin M.I.
Published: January 2014

Organic dyes namely 1,3,3-trimethylindolino-naphtospirooxazine (TINS) and 3,3-diphenyl-3H-napthol [2,1-pyran DNP) were used in studies of photochromic transformation in ethanol solution. The samples were exposed to UV light ranging from 5, 10 and 15s respectively. TINS absorbs UV light at 613nm for multiple exposure time. The absorption initiated the opening of oxazine spirostructure with formation of open merocyanine species. Irradiation of DNP with UV at 5, 10 and 15s absorbs at 413nm with formation of opening cyclicstucture of naphthopyran, namely allenyl-naphtol. The intensity peaks of TINS and DNP were increased with increasing the period of irradiation time. TINS and DNP dyes exhibit normal photochromic in the polar protic solvent by displaying color changes form transparent to color blue and light orange under exposed UV light. The photochromic activity of these compounds is due to the reversible light-induced cleavage of the C-O bond between the heterocyclic oxygen atom and the quaternary carbon.
Measurement of Thermal Emission during Deformation of Metals
Authors: Egorov Alexander V. , Petrova Olga O. , Polyakov Viktor V. , Kolubaev Evgeny A.
Published: January 2014

Peculiarities of temperature variations on the surface of a solid under static loading are experimentally studied. We show how the surface temperature of the material under deformation is related to the stage of plastic flow and fracture. The found mechanisms can be applied to the material diagnostics during their deformation.
Numerical Comparison of Heterogeneous Combustion Waves in Horizontal and Vertical Porous Objects under Free Convection
Authors: Lutsenko Nickolay A. , Sorokova Svetlana N.
Published: January 2014

Using numerical experiment one-dimensional unsteady processes of heterogeneous combustion in porous object under free convection in horizontal case have been investigated and compared with vertical case. It is shown that in the case of the horizontal porous object the oxidizer supply, which is the result of natural convection, is not sufficient for the appearance of stable wave of heterogeneous combustion. In contrast to the vertical position of the object, there are no long-lived combustion waves in the horizontal case, which completely burns down the solid combustible material. When the ignition zone is on the border of the object, the combustion wave near the vicinity of the boundary burns the oxygen and becomes extinct. When the ignition zone is in the center of the porous object, two combustion waves arise which may move very slowly, burn oxygen and become extinct.
Digital X-Ray Apparatus Based on the Scanning R-Ray Gas-Discharge Detector for Studying of Interior Structure of Biological Objects
Authors: Stuchebrov Sergei , Verigin Dan , Lukyanenko Yelena , Siniagina Maria , Wagner Alexander
Published: January 2014

In the work digital x-ray apparatus on the basis of the gas-discharge linear detector is considered. X-ray images of laboratory rats are presented. Application prospects of gas-discharge detectors as a solution of the up-to-date radiographic problems are deduced.
Solubility of Nickel Nanoparticles in Simulated Body Fluids
Authors: Abzhanova Diana , Godymchuk Anna Yu. , Gusev Alexander A. , Kuznetsov Denis V.
Published: January 2014

The paper is dedicated to nickel nanoparticles dissolution in simulated body fluids. By the example of industrial electroexplosive nickel nanopowder it has been demonstrated that dissolution degree in simulated lung fluid and simulated saliva can reach 98.0 and 62.8 wt.% for 24 hours, respectively. The mechanism of nickel dissolution has been proposed. It includes the dissolution of energy saturated oxide film, formed in oxygen saturated simulated saliva, the formation of nickel hydroxycitrate in simulated lung fluid as well.
The Possibility of Casting Surface Alloying by Nanopowders
Authors: Martyushev Nikita , Semenkov Ilya V.
Published: January 2014

The literature about the mold plastering casting structures applied in alloying the casting coating by various alloys was examined. On the basis of the examined literature the main conditions are revealed, which should be observed for the implementation of the alloying process. The data on plastering structures used for the casting molds with various heat conductivity is presented. The influence of such alloying on the structure and property both of the casting surface and the properties of the finished products is shown. The data on a classical set of covering components and on the features of the elements comprising them is also provided. The conditions necessary for the casting surface alloying by the nanopowder of the casting mold covering are described. A number of cases is described when such alloying was applied and was successful. The changes of the casting surface properties are described.
Bitumen Modification
Authors: Slavgorodskaya Olga I. , Bondaletov Vladimir G. , Ustimenko Yulia P.
Published: January 2014

The possibility of using epoxidized petroleum resins for modification of bitumen was shown. The dependence of the properties of coatings based on polymeric-bitumen compositions of the number of modifiers, hardening agent and the curing temperature was investigated. The optimum process parameters for polymeric-bitumen compositions were identified. The resistance of the coatings to different environments was investigated.
Effect of Bicyclic Polyfunctional Modifier (BPM) on the Characteristics of Wood Composite Materials Based on Urea Formaldehyde Oligomers
Authors: Perminova Daria A. , Malkov Victor S. , Kurzina Irina , Babushkina Tatiana B. , Nachkebiya Anton M.
Published: January 2014

The paper represents the results of research related to the application of urea and glyoxal condensation product to modify the urea-formaldehyde resins (UF resins) aiming to obtain low-toxicity wood plates on the basis thereof. It was stated that the bicyclic polyfunctional compound is an effective modifier which not only does allow reducing the toxicity of wood-composite materials based on UF resins, but also increasing their physical-mechanical characteristics.
Effect of Energy on Plasmodynamic Synthesis Product in the Carbon-Nitrogen System
Authors: Sivkov Alexander , Pak Alexander Y. , Shanenkov Ivan , Shanenkova Yuliya , Prosvirin Igor P.
Published: January 2014

Carbon nitride (CNx) powders were synthesized in the high-speed carbon electric discharge plasma jet flowing into the chamber filled with the nitrogen atmosphere at normal conditions. A coaxial magnetoplasma accelerator (CMPA) was used to generate the plasma flow. The CMPA was supplied from the pulse capacitive energy storage. Effect of input to the CMPA energy value on powders was studied by using several analytical methods (XRD, TEM, XPS). According to XRD with the increasing of input energy value the content of CNx in the product increased about 1.5 times. Its in a good accordance with the XPS data according to which the presence of nitrogen increased from 0.5 to 1.4 mass percent. Furthermore, the particles morphology was noticeable changed with the energy increasing. The obtained results revealed that by changing the energy parameters of the capacity energy storage its possible to influence on the product synthesized in the carbon-nitrogen system.
Estimation of Radiation Doses in X-Ray Visualization of Biological Objects
Authors: Stuchebrov Sergei , Batranin Andrey , Verigin Dan , Lukyanenko Yelena , Siniagina Maria , Wagner Alexander
Published: January 2014

Two setups for X-ray visualization of objects interior structure were designed and assembled in TPU. These radiographic systems are based on linear gas-discharge and GaAs semiconductor detectors. During investigation of biological object control of radiation doses has a high priority. In this report radiation dose calculations in X-ray visualization are presented. These calculation also includes dose calculations of sinograms which are used for reconstruction of tomography slices.
Evaluation of Operational Properties of Composite Reinforcement Used in Concrete Structures
Authors: Rodevich Viktor V. , Ovchinnikov Artem A. , Shilnikova Elena V.
Published: January 2014

The paper is devoted to the study of composite reinforcement made of glass fiber and basalt fiber, in particular their operational properties under the aggressive alkaline lightweight aggregate concrete environment. Their thermal resistance being sufficiently less than that of the regular steel composites they may be used in three-layered building envelopes to provide enhanced thermal properties. However there is lack of data and experimental results on the topic. Previous research indicated high alkali resistance of basalt fiber reinforcement, but there is a need in further studies. For the objective of the composite reinforcement that is used as flexible connectors for layer wall panels, a series of experimental studies. Research data have shown satisfactory performance study of flexible links.
Hydrogen Accumulation in Technically Pure Titanium Alloy at Saturation from Gas Atmosphere
Authors: Kudiiarov Viktor N. , Lider Andrey M. , Harchenko Sergey Y.
Published: January 2014

This paper presents experimental results of study of hydrogen accumulation in technically pure titanium alloy at saturation from gas atmosphere. Automated complex Gas Reaction Controller has been used for hydrogen saturation from gas atmosphere. Temperatures increasing from 350 °C to 500 °C allow increase hydrogen sorption process and as a result significantly increase hydrogen concentration in technically pure titanium alloy. At hydrogen saturation from gas atmosphere at temperature 500 °C increasing of saturation time from 10 minutes to 120 minutes leads to hydrogen concentration increasing from 0.1 wt.% to 1 wt.% and increasing of hydrides volume content throughout the samples. The activation energy for hydrogen evolution has been estimated by thermal desorption spectroscopy method by equal 102 kJ/mol.
Calculation of Energy Release Function of Ion Beam in Solids
Authors: Ryabkina Xeniya , Stepanova Olga
Published: January 2014

The mathematical formulation of space-time energy release function of accelerated ions in solids is presented. High-power pulsed ion beam and continuous focused ion beam interaction with metals are considered. The power density of deposited energy and specific energy input in a target have been calculated. A beam energy fraction expended on the collisional sputtering of target atoms has been estimated.
Investigation of Commercially Pure Titanium Structure during Accumulation and Release of Hydrogen by Means of Positron Lifetime and Electrical Resistivity Measurements
Authors: Bordulev Yuriy S. , Laptev Roman S. , Kudiiarov Viktor N. , Lider Andrey M.
Published: January 2014

In this work the goal was to study the behavior of titanium-hydrogen system with hydrogen concentration of 1 wt. % at high temperature vacuum annealing by means of positron lifetime (PL) spectroscopy and electrical resistivity measurements. The range of hydrogen concentrations under investigation requires the γ phase formation. The study is related with the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal desorption spectra (TDS) analysis. The registered positron lifetime spectra were analyzed by multiexponential decomposition into two components. Correlation of changes of the parameters of the PL spectrum and the electrical resistivity is revealed in this paper.
Spherical Nanometer Strontium Carbonate by Ultrasonic Method in the Water Phase
Authors: Yang Zhan Shou , Qi Mi Xiang , Wang Shu Ya
Published: January 2014

strontium carbonate nanopowder materials were synthesized using Sr(OH)2 and Na2CO3 or CO2 as starting materials in the water by ultrasonic irradiation at 3h,and adding suitable amount of EDTA morphology agent.samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) through separating strontium oxide solution slurry through by centrifuge , washing strontium carbonate slurry by ethanol.XRD and SEM showed that These products were found to be orthorhombic and spherical nanometer strontium carbonate and to be explained the growth mechanism of nano strontium carbonate powder.
Adsorption of Cd(II) from Aqueous Solution by Magnetic Graphene
Authors: Liu Jun , Yuan Shao Wei , Du Hong Yan , Jiang Xu Yao
Published: January 2014

In the present study, Fe3O4/graphene nanoparticles (Fe3O4/GN NPs) were obtained and modified with silane coupling agent. The effects of Cd (II) adsorption experimental parameters such as contact time and initial Cd (II) ion concentration, were investigated. The adsorption dynamics follow the laws of pseudo-second-order kinetics and the rate was controlled by chemical adsorption. The Langmuir isotherm model provided the better correlation between adsorbing capacity and equilibrium concentration.
The Study of Composite Substituting Mercury Corrosion Inhibitors for Zinc in Zinc-Manganese Battery
Authors: Cui Yun , Zhao Di Shun , Qu Hai , Qu Guan Wei , Liu Jing , Ren Pei Bing
Published: January 2014

The inhibition behavior of a new type of mercury-free composite inhibitors for zinc corrosion in zinc-manganese dry battery was studied by single factor test and orthogonal experiment. Its inhibitor mechanism was investigated by Tafel polarization curve, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The performances of the coated paper and self-assembled battery were detected. The results showed that: the inhibition efficiency of the composite substituting mercury corrosion inhibitors was up to 93.33%. The performances of the coated paper and battery were consistent with standards. The composite corrosion inhibitors are a green environment- friendly corrosion inhibitor, which is expected to replace mercury in zinc-manganese dry batteries.
Study on the Oxidation Kinetics of In Situ β-Sialon Bonded Al2O3-C Refractories
Authors: Xu Bin , Zhu Hong Xi , Peng Nai , Deng Cheng Ji , Yuan Wen Jie
Published: January 2014

The oxidation behaviors and kinetics of in-situ β-Sialon bonded Al2O3-C refractories were investigated by TGA techniques via isothermal oxidation experiments at different temperatures. The results show that the oxidation process of in-situ β-Sialon bonded Al2O3-C refractories can be divided into three stages: oxidation reaction rate controlling stage, reaction and diffusion controlling stage, and diffusion controlling stage. The oxidation rate controlled by the reaction rate has no obvious changes as the temperature increases. The oxidation rate controlled by the reaction rate and the diffusion rate together has a trend of decline, so is the oxidation rate controlled by the diffusion rate.