bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Telar digital: Una herramienta facilitadora de la comunicación y el dialogo entre estudiantes, apoderados/as y docentes de enseñanza media del Colegio Carlos Alessandri Altamirano de Algarrobo, Chile
Authors:   , Elgueta Sandoval Tomás Francisco
Published: October 2023

El proyecto "Telar Digital" busca mejorar la comunicación y las relaciones entre los actores de la comunidad educativa del Colegio Carlos Alessandri Altamirano a través de la implementación de un muro virtual para la expresión y reflexión. El proyecto contempla cuatro fases o módulos que involucran acciones sincrónicas y asincrónicas, trabajando a través de jornadas presenciales y el uso de cápsulas audiovisuales. Además, se utilizará una plataforma que permita un trabajo colaborativo en tiempo real y de forma asincrónica, con opciones de seguridad, integración multimedia y accesible desde diferentes dispositivos. El proyecto tiene un enfoque inclusivo y participativo, y busca promover la reflexión crítica, la construcción colectiva del pensamiento y la participación activa de los miembros de la comunidad. El proyecto tiene un potencial de replicabilidad y proyección en diversas instituciones y áreas del cambio social.
Oralidad para el monitoreo de la escritura: una secuencia didáctica para detectar problemas de correferencia y solucionarlos a través del diálogo metalingüístico
Authors:   , Zañartu Reyes Bárbara Lissett
Published: October 2023

La escritura es una competencia esencial para la vida en sociedad, además de ser cognitivamente demandante. Por ello, resulta imperativo contar con estrategias que permitan andamiarla. Este Trabajo Final de Egreso presenta una secuencia didáctica de escritura, mediada a través una estrategia oral: el diálogo metalingüístico (Myhill, Jones y Wilson, 2016). Si bien la escritura no constituye una traducción del discurso oral (Myhill, 2018), la investigación señala que la oralidad puede facilitar el aprendizaje de la gramática, un recurso fundamental para escribir. Esta secuencia consiste en la escritura de una columna de opinión, sujeta a una revisión entre pares a través de un diálogo metalingüístico. La estrategia está orientada a detectar errores correferenciales y enmendarlos para resguardar la cohesión textual. En este documento se detallan las decisiones didácticas que configuraron la propuesta y sus impactos positivos en la calidad de la escritura de estudiantes de primero medio. De esta manera, se ofrece una estrategia de oralidad probada en un contexto escolar real y plenamente transferible a otros espacios.
Desarrollo de estrategias de aprendizaje para mejorar la retención en educación online: propuesta trabajada en la Escuela de Administración IACC
Authors:   , Chiang García Victoria Eugenia
Published: October 2023

En este informe se presenta una propuesta de mejora que pretende contribuir a la retención de estudiantes en IACC, a través de la comunicación de estrategias de aprendizaje que permitirán una mejor planificación, ejecución y evaluación de su proceso de enseñanza, esto dado a que la principal causa de deserción en la Institución es la falta de organización personal y falta de tiempo. Esta propuesta se compone primero de una revisión de literatura, para desarrollar posteriormente una propuesta de creación de tips relacionados con el modelo de autorregulación, pasando por la validación de la propuesta a través de grupos focales y para finalmente presentar los principales hallazgos. El orden consta de una introducción, en donde se presenta las grandes características de la institución, para posteriormente presentar el marco teórico, la problemática, el posicionamiento profesional y por ultimo las conclusiones. El resultado de este trabajo es una propuesta de mejora validada por diferentes actores de la Institución, entorno a estrategias de aprendizaje que le permitirán al estudiante contar con una guía que le contribuya al desarrollo de la competencia de autorregulación y gestión del tiempo
Tres clérigos revolucionarios durante la independencia suramericana: 1810-1830
Authors:   , Petit M. David L.
Published: October 2023

La presente investigación examina las ideas, relaciones y proyección política de tres clérigos suramericanos durante la etapa independentista (1810-1830). El objetivo fue analizar el pensamiento y actuación política de Camilo Henríquez, José Cortés y Madariaga y Juan Fernández de Sotomayor y Picón de forma simultánea y paralela. Para responder a dicho propósito, se plantea como hipótesis de estudio que los tres actores eclesiásticos utilizaron diversas herramientas para cambiar el modelo político por medio de una revolución. Entre estas se hallan: redes de contacto, posición eclesiástica y social, así como variadas formas y expresiones de doctrinas políticas (entre los cuales están distintos proyectos y planes cívico-pedagógicos). La investigación se divide en tres capítulos. En el primer capítulo explora los vínculos familiares, sociales, políticos y académicos se utilizaron y debieron entrelazarse de forma continua buscando mejoras en torno a poder y autoridad. Esencialmente, los clérigos buscaron posicionarse y establecerse en el ámbito personal. El segundo capítulo profundiza en cómo emplearon su investidura eclesiástica y social, así como la utilización de una multiplicidad de mecanismos ideológicos tales como catecismos político-religiosos, sermones, oraciones, proclamas, prensa, recursos literarios y teatrales, cartas personales y propuestas legislativas. La polisemia en torno a los lenguajes y retóricas políticas constituyó un vasto repertorio que fue usado acorde a cada contexto. El tercer capítulo analiza la acción política desde las eventualidades y vicisitudes que afectaron a cada clérigo, así como los proyectos emprendidos por estos durante la última etapa de sus vidas. Los resultados de la investigación fueron los siguientes: a) La reconstrucción de las principales ideas, redes de relaciones de los actores, junto con la incidencia de ello en sus fines políticos; b) La demostración del uso de múltiples lenguajes políticos, tanto tradicionales como racionalistas por parte de los tres actores, a partir de las necesidades y manejos políticos; c) Un análisis individual y comparado, a nivel de pensamiento, de tres eclesiásticos que tuvieron un importante aporte a la política suramericana de su tiempo; d) El uso de perspectivas y enfoques teórico-metodológicos transversales para dicho análisis. En definitiva, se propone una alternativa historiográfica tanto para el estudio de agentes en entornos particulares y comparados para la reconstrucción de procesos históricos.
Effect of Zinc and Sulphur on Growth, Yield Attributes and Seed Yield of Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (L). Czern and Coss]
Authors: Verma Anupama , Singh P. K. , Singh A. K. , Jatav A. L. , Verma V. K. , Pratap Mayank , Chaudhary Bipin Kumar , Kumar Dhirendra
Published: October 2023

Field experiments were conducted to study the effect Zinc and Sulphur on growth parameters, yield components and yield of Mustard during rabi season of 2021-22 at students instructional farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur. The experiment consist of 14 treatments combinations in factorial randomized block design with three replications consisted of 7 fertility levels (including sulphur and zinc) and two variatal factors (i.e. Rohini & Maya). Mustard varieties Rohini & Maya were grown with the recommended agronomic practices. On the basis of results emanated from investigation it can be concluded that among the growth parameters maximum plant height at harvest is 160.6 cm and 161.2 cm, maximum number of primary branches is 8.5 and 8.3 and secondary branches is 14.4 and 14.8 during both the years of experimentation are associated with the treatment T14[Var. Maya with Sulphur @900 ppm]. Similarly, among the yield components and productivity parameters maximum number of siliquae per plant, number of seed siliqua-1, 1000 test wt. (gm), grain yield (q ha-1), stover yield (q ha-1) was also found in the treatment T14 [Var. Maya with Sulphur @900 ppm] followed by treatment T11 [Var. Maya with ZnSo4 @1500] and treatment T7 [Var. Rohini with Sulphur @1500].
Costs of Prescription Drugs for Children and Parental Adherence to Long-Term Medications
Authors: Lauffenburger Julie C. , Barlev Renee A. , Olatunji Eniola , Brill Gregory , Choudhry Niteesh K.
Published: October 2023

Importance

The adverse effects of prescription drug costs on medication adherence and health have been well described for individuals. Because many families share financial resources, high medication costs for one could lead to cost-related nonadherence in another; however, these family-level spillover effects have not been explored.

Objective

To evaluate whether the cost of a child’s newly initiated medication was associated with changes in their parent’s adherence to their own medications and whether that differed by likely duration of treatment.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used interrupted time-series analysis with a propensity score-matched control group from a large national US health insurer database (2010-2020) and included children initiating medication and their linked presumed parents using long-term medications.

Exposure

The cost of the child’s initiated medication. Child medication cost was classified based on highest (≥90th) or lowest (<10th) decile from out-of-pocket medication spending, stratified by whether the medication was intended for short- or long-term use. Children initiating high-cost medications (based on the highest decile) were propensity-score matched with children initiating low-cost medications.

Main Outcome and Measures

The child’s parent’s adherence to long-term medication assessed by the widely used proportion of days covered metric in 30-day increments before and after the child’s first fill date. Parent demographic characteristics, baseline adherence, and length of treatment, and family unit size and out-of-pocket medication spending were key subgroups.

Results

Across 47 154 included pairs, the parents’ mean (SD) age was 42.8 (7.7) years. Compared with a low-cost medication, initiating a high-cost, long-term medication was associated with an immediate 1.9% (95% CI, −3.8% to −0.9%) reduction in parental adherence sustained over time (0.2%; 95% CI, −0.1% to 0.4%). Similar results were observed for short-term medications (0.6% immediate change; 95% CI, −1.3% to −0.01%). Previously adherent parents, parents using treatment for longer periods, and families who spent more out-of-pocket on medications were more sensitive to high costs, with immediate adherence reductions of 2.8% (95% CI, −4.9% to −0.6%), 2.7% (95% CI, −4.7% to −0.7%), and −3.8% (95% CI, −7.2% to −0.5%), respectively, after long-term medication initiation.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study small reductions in adherence across parents with higher child drug costs were observed. Health care systems should consider child-level or even household-level spending in adherence interventions or prescription policy design.
Association Between a State-Level Fat Tax and Fast Food Purchases
Authors: Agarwal Sumit , Ghosh Pulak , Zhan Changwei
Published: October 2023

Importance

India faces an increasing obesity problem, including in the Indian state of Kerala in which the fat tax was implemented but was nullified 11 months later. A fat tax, defined as a tax on unhealthy foods, may be associated with changes in food purchases and outcomes for multiple diet-related diseases.

Objective

To investigate the association between the state-level fat tax and fast food purchases in Kerala, India.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study analyzed a large-scale credit and debit card transaction data set and aggregated this sample at the account-year-month level of fast food purchases in Kerala state and 9 major cities in other Indian states (Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Bhubaneswar, Chennai, Delhi, Gurgaon, Kolkata, Mumbai, and Surat). Purchase records were obtained for January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2017. The association between the fat tax and fast food purchases was examined using the difference-in-differences method. This analysis was initiated on December 1, 2022.

Exposures

The exposure was the fat tax. Kerala was the exposed group, and 9 major Indian cities were the control group.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was the fast food purchase ratio, defined as the proportion of fast food purchases of the total food purchases. Changes in the fast food purchase ratio were estimated in Kerala across the sample period and then compared with 9 major cities.

Results

The sample for analysis included 238 015 credit and debit card accounts, of which 36.7% were in Kerala and 63.3% were in 9 major cities. The cardholders included 191 603 males (80.5%) with a mean (SD) age of 36.6 (12.8) years. During the fat tax implementation (August 2016-June 2017), Kerala’s fast food purchase ratio decreased by 3.9 percentage points (β [SE], −0.039 [0.002]; 95% CI, −0.042 to −0.036), compared with 9 major cities. After the fat tax was nullified, the fast food purchase ratio reduced by 5.6 percentage points (γ [SE], −0.056 [0.002]; 95% CI, −0.059 to −0.052) compared with 9 major cities and using the pretax period as the benchmark.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this cohort study suggest that the Kerala fat tax was associated with fewer fast food purchases. Food tax policies need to have an elaborate design, and related issues, such as social inequality, nutritional deficiency, and political concerns, need to be evaluated in future studies.
I Do Care
Authors: Franklin Gustavo L.
Published: October 2023

This essay recalls the importance of compassion in medicine.
Early Childhood Education and Midlife Ideal Cardiovascular Health in a Prospective Urban Cohort
Authors: Reynolds Arthur J. , Varshney Nishank , Ou Suh-Ruu , Kritzik Rachel , Loveman-Brown Marley
Published: October 2023

This cohort study assesses whether preschool is associated with long-term cardiovascular health as measured by the American Heart Association’s Ideal Cardiovascular Health Index.
Investigation of Immunostimulatory Effects of IFN‐γ Cytokine and CD40 Ligand Costimulatory Molecule for Development of HIV‐1 Therapeutic Vaccine Candidate
Authors: Heidarnejad Fatemeh , Bolhassani Azam , Ajdary Soheila , Milani Alireza , Sadeghi Seyed Amir
Published: October 2023

The most crucial disadvantage of DNA‐based vaccines is their low immunogenicity; therefore, finding an effectual adjuvant is essential for their development. Herein, immunostimulatory effects of IFNγ cytokine and a CD40 ligand (CD40L) costimulatory molecule are evaluated as combined with an antigen, and also linked to an antigen in mice. For this purpose, after preparation of the HIV‐1 Nef, IFNγ, and CD40L DNA constructs, and also their recombinant protein in an Escherichia coli expression system, nine groups of female BALB/c mice are immunized with different regimens of DNA constructs. About 3 weeks and also 3 months after the last injection, humoral and cellular immune responses are assessed in mice sera and splenocytes. Additionally, mice splenocytes are exposed to single‐cycle replicable (SCR) HIV‐1 virions for evaluating their potency in the secretion of cytokines in vitro. The data indicate that the linkage of IFNγ and CD40L to Nef antigen can significantly induce the Th‐1 pathway and activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes compared to other regimens. Moreover, groups receiving the IFNγ‐Nef and CD40L‐Nef fusion DNA constructs show higher secretion of IFNγ and TNF‐α from virion‐infected lymphocytes than other groups. Therefore, the IFNγ‐Nef and CD40L‐Nef fusion DNA constructs are suggested to be a potential option for development of an efficient HIV‐1 vaccine.
Magnetic Field Modulated Intrinsic Charge and Spin Ordering in Ferromagnetic Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zn–Air Battery
Authors: Qian Jinmei , Zhang Hong , Li Gaoyang , Jia Lei , Peng Xuebing , Zhong Chenglin , Li Feng , Chao Dongliang , Gao Daqiang
Published: October 2023

Magnetic field‐enhanced electrocatalytic activity has recently emerged as an effective strategy for electrocatalytic reactions. However, modulating the electrical behavior and spin ordering in real‐time using magnetic field during the electrocatalytic process remains challenging. Herein, based on the coexistence of room‐temperature ferromagnetic and magnetoresistance (MR) properties in La1−xSrxMnO3, it demonstrates that in addition to spin polarization, the negative MR effect contributes significantly to the enhancement of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) owing to the considerable MR value (−7.32% for La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 at 1.0 T). Accordingly, a lessened OER overpotential of ≈120 mV (at 10 mA cm−2) and a reduced charge‐transfer resistance are observed in La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 under a magnetic field of 1.0 T. Additionally, the power density of self‐assembled Zn–air battery (ZnAB) based on La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 improves by 5.9 times under 1.0 T. Calculation results reveal that spin alignment can induce more unoccupied electronic states near the Fermi level, decrease the energy level of the Mn d‐band center, and significantly reduce the O* formation barrier to enhance the OER activity of Sr‐doped LaMnO3. Thus, the in situ regulation of charge and spin ordering by magnetic field offers a deeper understanding for designing high‐performance ZnABs.
Rationally Designing Closed Pore Structure by Carbon Dots to Evoke Sodium Storage Sites of Hard Carbon in Low‐Potential Region
Authors: Huang Yujie , Zhong Xue , Hu Xinyu , Li Yujin , Wang Kai , Tu Hanyu , Deng Wentao , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo
Published: October 2023

Hard carbon (HC) is widely regarded as the most promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). For improving the sodium storage capacity of HC anode, current research primarily focuses on the high‐voltage slope region. Actually, increasing the storage capability in the low‐voltage plateau region is more important for enhancing the energy density of full cells. Therefore, in this study, HC anode with rich closed pore structure is designed and constructed with the help of carbon dots (CDs), and it is demonstrated that the presence of closed pore structure can provide more sodium storage sites in the plateau region, resulting in an obvious increase of sodium storage capacity. Moreover, the pore‐filling and intercalation mechanism for sodium storage in plateau region is revealed by in situ Raman spectroscopy and ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is worth noting that the increase in capacity induced by closed pore‐filling is not accompanied by a decrease in initial coulombic efficiency (ICE), due to the fact that the introduction of closed pores does not increase the contact area between electrode and electrolyte. This work presents novel concepts for the structural design of HC and provides valuable insights into the effective utilization of plateau region in SIBs.
De Novo Design of Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Agents Activated by Peroxynitrite and Glutathione‐Responsive Imaging for Diabetic Liver Disease
Authors: Jiang Renfeng , Zhang Hongshuai , Liu Qian , Yang Xuefeng , He Longwei , Yuan Lin , Cheng Dan
Published: October 2023

Diabetes and its complications, such as diabetes liver disease, is a major problem puzzling people's health. The detection of redox states in its pathological process can effectively help us gain a deeper understanding of the disease. The pair of oxidation–reduction substances peroxynitrite (ONOO−) and glutathione (GSH) is considered to be closely related to their occurrence and development. Thus, direct visualization of ONOO− and GSH in diabetes liver disease is critical to evaluate the disease at the molecular level. Herein, two activatable agents NTCF‐ONOO− and NTCF‐GSH are prepared for selectively detecting ONOO− and GSH through protection and deprotection strategies based on hydroxyl and amino groups of near‐infrared fluorophore. Fluorescence imaging of exogenous and endogenous ONOO− and GSH changes in living cells and in vivo is observed. The ONOO− and GSH level in the diabetes liver disease cellular model are visualized and the possible redox imbalance mechanism related to the oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides is explored in this process. Moreover, these probes can sensitively recognize ONOO− and GSH in the process of oxidative stress resulting from streptozotocin and streptozotocin/acetaminophen‐induced complex diabetic liver disease in vivo. In addition, they can be applied for monitoring the clinical serum sample related with diabetic patients.
A Sequential Dual Functional Supramolecular Hydrogel with Promoted Drug Release to Scavenge ROS and Stabilize HIF‐1α for Myocardial Infarction Treatment
Authors: Wang Kai , Yao Shun‐Yu , Wang Zhaoyi , Shen Liyin , Guo Dong‐Sheng , Zhu Yang , Yang Xiayan , Yu Qifeng , Gao Changyou
Published: October 2023

Myocardial infarction (MI) has a characteristic inflammatory microenvironment due to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and causes the extraordinary deposition of collagen and thereby fibrosis. An on‐demand adaptive drug releasing hydrogel is designed to modulate the inflammatory microenvironment and inhibit cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) proliferation post MI by scavenging the overproduced ROS and releasing 1,4‐dihydrophenonthrolin‐4‐one‐3‐carboxylic acid (DPCA) to maintain the expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α). DPCA is prefabricated to a prodrug linked with disulfide bond (DPCA‐S‐S‐OH). The DPCA‐S‐S‐OH and carboxylated calixarene (CSAC4A) are grafted onto the backbone of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) to obtain HAMA‐S‐S‐DPCA and HAMA‐CA, respectively, which are further reacted to form a dual network hydrogel (R+/DPCA(CA)) with covalent linking and host–guest interaction between DPCA and CSAC4A. The ROS‐triggered hydrolysis of ester bond and subsequently sustaining release of DPCA from the cavity of CSAC4A jointly cause the constant expression of HIF‐1α, which significantly restricts the CFs proliferation, leading to suppressed fibrosis and promoted heart repair.
Dual‐Effect Coupling for Superior Dielectric and Thermal Conductivity of Polyimide Composite Films Featuring “Crystal‐Like Phase” Structure
Authors: Dong Xiaodi , Wan Baoquan , Zheng Ming‐Sheng , Huang Langbiao , Feng Yang , Yao Ruifeng , Gao Jinghui , Zhao Quan‐Liang , Zha Jun‐Wei
Published: October 2023

To match the increasing miniaturization and integration of electronic devices, higher requirements are put on the dielectric and thermal properties of the dielectrics to overcome the problems of delayed signal transmission and heat accumulation. Here, a 3D  porous thermal conductivity network is successfully constructed inside the polyimide (PI) matrix by the combination of ionic liquids (IL) and calcium fluoride (CaF2) nanofillers, motivated by the bubble‐hole forming orientation force. Benefiting from the 3D thermal network formed by IL as a porogenic template and “crystal‐like phase” structures induced by CaF2‐ polyamide acid charge transfer, IL‐10 vol% CaF2/PI porous film exhibits a low permittivity of 2.14 and a thermal conductivity of 7.22 W m−1 K−1. This design strategy breaks the bottleneck that low permittivity and high thermal conductivity in microelectronic systems are difficult to be jointly controlled, and provides a feasible solution for the development of intelligent microelectronics.
Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Fluid Medium: From Fundamental Mechanisms toward Multifunctional Applications
Authors: Jiang Feng , Zhan Liuxiang , Lee Jin Pyo , Lee Pooi See
Published: October 2023

Fluid‐based triboelectric nanogenerators (FB‐TENGs) are at the forefront of promising energy technologies, demonstrating the ability to generate electricity through the dynamic interaction between two dissimilar materials, wherein at least one is a fluidic medium (such as gas or liquid). By capitalizing on the dynamic and continuous properties of fluids and their interface interactions, FB‐TENGs exhibit a larger effective contact area and a longer‐lasting triboelectric effect in comparison to their solid‐based counterparts, thereby affording longer‐term energy harvesting and higher‐precision self‐powered sensors in harsh conditions. In this review, various fluid‐based mechanical energy harvesters, including liquid‐solid, gas‐solid, liquid‐liquid, and gas‐liquid TENGs, have been systematically summarized. Their working mechanism, optimization strategies, respective advantages and applications, theoretical and simulation analysis, as well as the existing challenges, have also been comprehensively discussed, which provide prospective directions for device design and mechanism understanding of FB‐TENGs.
The Role of the Bottom Oxide Layer in Oxide‐Metal‐Oxide (OMO) Electrode for Stretchable Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lee Chang Min , Kim Yeong Beom , Sarker Subrata , Kim Dong Hyun , Kim Tae Wook , Shah Syed Hamad Ullah , Cho Hyun Woo , Bae Tae‐Sung , Yu Seung Min , Kang Yong‐Cheol , Han Sangmin , Jesuraj P. Justin , Ko Keum‐Jin , Song Myungkwan , Kim Chang‐Su , Ryu Seung Yoon
Published: October 2023

The challenges for stretchable organic light‐emitting diodes (SOLEDs) have led research into advanced manufacturing processes. Several electrodes have been researched to replace conventional indium tin oxide in SOLEDs due to its brittleness, indium scarcity in earth, and poor deformation capabilities. Oxide–metal–oxide (OMO) electrodes are promising alternatives for flexible/stretchable electronics owing their excellent charge injection and optical transparencies, including mechanical compliance. In this study, two oxides (i.e., MoO3 and V2O5) with different surface energies in an OMO structure to effectively inhibit the island growth of the ultra‐thin Au (5 nm) metal is incorporated. The morphology and interfacial coordinate covalent bonds between the seed layer and ultra‐thin Au film are extensively studied. The improved ultra‐thin Au growth in OMO structure together with figure‐of‐merit have been employed as the anode for a phosphorescent SOLED structure. The SOLEDs with OMO electrode under V2O5 as bottom oxide remain stable after peeling‐off and sustain a >50% uniaxial strain with a negligible reduction in luminance and current efficiencies. The surface energy and interface of the bottom oxide in the OMO structure are crucial for thin metals to attain superior optical, structural, electronic, and mechanical stability in SOLEDs.
Thermochromism in Bismuth Halide Perovskites with Cation and Anion Transmutation
Authors: Tailor Naveen Kumar , Kruszyńska Joanna , Prochowicz Daniel , Yadav Pankaj , Satapathi Soumitra
Published: October 2023

Bismuth halide perovskites are highly promising for various applications owing to their lower toxicity and greater environmental stability. The temperature‐dependent color tunability of these materials renders them a strong contender for use in smart window applications and temperature sensors. To delve deeper into their properties, the thermochromism and fundamental lattice dynamics are investigated in bismuth halide perovskites through the transmutation of cation and anions, specifically focusing on Cs3Bi2Br9, MA3Bi2Br9, Cs2AgBiBr6, and Cs2AgBiCl6 perovskites. Absorption spectroscopy and powder‐XRD patterns as a function of temperature reveal that 2D‐layered Cs3Bi2Br9 and MA3Bi2Br9 perovskites exhibit significantly greater bandgap changes and thermal expansion compared to 3D connected Cs2AgBiCl6 and Cs2AgBiBr6 perovskites attributed to more space in the 2D connected lattice. The reduction in bandgap and color variation in these perovskites stems from the intricate interplay between electron‐phonon interactions and thermal expansion. Notably, it is found that the type of cation and anion play a crucial role in influencing the degree of thermochromism, as the electron‐phonon coupling depends on this transformation. This study sheds new light on the fundamental mechanisms underlying the thermochromic behavior of bismuth halide perovskites and paves the way for the rational design and engineering of novel thermochromic materials with tailored properties.
Meta‐Magnetic All‐Optical Helicity Dependent Switching of Ferromagnetic Thin Films
Authors: Khalid Muhammad Waleed , Ha Jeongho , Hadri Mohammed Salah El , Hsu Liyi , Hemayat Saeed , Xiao Yuxuan , Sergienko Alexander , Fullerton Eric E. , Ndao Abdoulaye
Published: October 2023

To address the ever‐increasing need for higher speed and density of information storage, recent developments in ultrafast optical switching have focused on deterministic control of magnetic properties of materials using femtosecond circularly polarized optical pulses. However, a monolithic high‐speed optical helicity‐dependent switching at room temperature has remained elusive. In recent years, ultra‐thin flat optical structures, known as metasurfaces, have been developed that offer a versatile way to manipulate electromagnetic fields using subwavelength spatial resolution. Here, a monolithic multilayer nanostructure capable of achieving optical helicity‐dependent switching in arbitrary geometries using femtosecond meta‐circularly polarized optical pulses is theoretically described and experimentally demonstrated at room temperature. The proposed monolithic meta‐magnetic platform provides a practical route to reform the current data memory, storage, and information processing technologies in integrated opto‐magnetic systems, holding great promise for cutting‐edge applications in information, spintronics, sensing, and memory storage devices.
Thulium‐Doped Sodium‐Ytterbium Double Perovskite Single Crystals: A Novel and Efficient Upconverter for Achieving Highly Sensitive Narrowband Near‐Infrared Perovskite Photodetectors
Authors: Xue Wenfeng , Pan Gencai , Li Chao , Zhu Yaxian , Wang Yaqiong , Kong Bingyin , Gao Huiping , Zhang Huafang , You Wenwu , Mao Yanli
Published: October 2023

Developing fluorescent materials that can achieve efficient upconversion (UC) emission under low power density excitation has always been a great challenge, especially for Tm3+ ions. Here, Tm3+‐doped Cs2NaYbCl6 double perovskite single‐crystals (DPSCs) are prepared successfully. The DPSCs exhibit efficient UC emission under 980‐nm laser excitation, and the optimum UC efficiency reaches 9.48%. It is a recorded value. More importantly, its efficient UC emission can be achieved under low‐power density of 0.117 W cm−2 excitation. Moreover, the luminescence color of the DPSCs can be regulated from blue to red by increasing the doping concentration of Tm3+ ions. This is because the severe cross‐relaxation occurs between Tm3+ ions at high doping concentrations. The Cs2NaYb0.98Tm0.02Cl6 DPSCs with efficient UC emission are coupled to the CsPbI3 perovskite photodetector, achieving good visible and near‐infrared (NIR) detection without an external bias. It is worth emphasizing that the detectivity for 980 nm light can reach 1.26 × 1011 Jones, which is the highest value for self‐powered NIR photodetectors. Finally, given the dual functional characteristics of the device's response to broadband visible and narrowband NIR light, the dual encryption function is implemented during information transmission. This work will open new chances for applications in advanced integrated photonics devices.
Improving Photocurrent in Sb2Se3 Thin‐Film Solar Cells Through Sb2S3 Electron Reflector Layer: A Simulation Study
Authors: Jalali Hadi , Orouji Ali A. , Gharibshahian Iman
Published: October 2023

In this paper, antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) material is utilized as an electron reflector layer (ERL) in antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) solar cells. The primary objective of this simulation study is to mitigate recombination at the back contact and improve cell performance. It is demonstrated that incorporating Sb2S3 ERL into a traditional Sb2Se3 cell yields enhancements in both the short‐circuit current density (Jsc) and carrier collection rate. This enhancement is assigned to the reduced interface recombination rate at the back electrical contact. The strong electric field at the p+‐Sb2S3/p‐Sb2Se3 electrical contact creates a barrier with a height of 0.34 eV in the conduction band that hinders the electron carriers' access to the back contact. This barrier effectively improves cell efficiency. The use of this method has demonstrated a significant improvement in the external quantum efficiency (EQE) at longer wavelengths, specifically ranging from ≈800 to 1100 nm. Using this method, the Sb2Se3 active layer thickness is reduced to 1 µm, which reduces the fabrication cost. After optimizing the device, the cell efficiency enhances from 9.2% to 13.1%, resulting in a significant improvement compared to traditional Sb2Se3 solar cells without an ERL, thanks to the incorporation of a suitable Sb2S3 ERL.
Bilayer Kagome Borophene with Multiple van Hove Singularities
Authors: Gao Qian , Yan Qimin , Hu Zhenpeng , Chen Lan
Published: October 2023

The appearance of van Hove singularities near the Fermi level leads to prominent phenomena, including superconductivity, charge density wave, and ferromagnetism. Here a bilayer Kagome lattice with multiple van Hove singularities is designed and a novel borophene with such lattice (BK‐borophene) is proposed by the first‐principles calculations. BK‐borophene, which is formed via three‐center two‐electron (3c–2e) σ‐type bonds, is predicted to be energetically, dynamically, thermodynamically, and mechanically stable. The electronic structure hosts both conventional and high‐order van Hove singularities in one band. The conventional van Hove singularity resulting from the horse saddle is 0.065 eV lower than the Fermi level, while the high‐order one resulting from the monkey saddle is 0.385 eV below the Fermi level. Both the singularities lead to the divergence of electronic density of states. Besides, the high‐order singularity is just intersected to a Dirac‐like cone, where the Fermi velocity can reach 1.34 × 106 m s−1. The interaction between the two Kagome lattices is critical for the appearance of high‐order van Hove singularities. The novel bilayer Kagome borophene with rich and intriguing electronic structure offers an unprecedented platform for studying correlation phenomena in quantum material systems and beyond.
A novel de novo intragenic duplication in FBN1 associated with early‐onset Marfan syndrome in a 16‐month‐old: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Piscopo Anthony , Warner Taylor , Nagy Jaime , Nagrale Vidya , Stence Aaron , Guseva Natalya , Bernat John A. , Calhoun Amy
Published: October 2023

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder due to pathogenic variants in Fibrillin‐1 (FBN1) affecting nearly one in every 10,000 individuals. We report a 16‐month‐old female with early‐onset MFS heterozygous for an 11.2 kb de novo duplication within the FBN1 gene. Tandem location of the duplication was further confirmed by optical genome mapping in addition to genetic sequencing and chromosomal microarray. This is the third reported case of a large multi‐exon duplication in FBN1, and the only one confirmed to be in tandem. As the vast majority of pathogenic variants associated with MFS are point mutations, this expands the landscape of known FBN1 pathogenic variants and supports consistent use of genetic testing strategies that can detect large, indel‐type variants.
Near Infrared Light‐Triggered Photocatalytic Decaging for Remote‐Controlled Spatiotemporal Activation in Living Mice**
Authors: Liang Xuan , Qian Shan , Lou Zhizheng , Hu Renming , Hou Yuchen , Chen Peng R. , Fan Xinyuan
Published: October 2023

Spatiotemporal manipulation of biological processes in living animals using noninvasive, remote‐controlled stimuli is a captivating but challenging endeavor. Herein, we present the development of a biocompatible photocatalytic technology termed CAT‐NIR, which uses external near infrared light (NIR, 740 nm) to trigger decaging reactions in living mice. The Os(II) terpyridine complex was identified as an efficient NIR photocatalyst for promoting deboronative hydroxylation reactions via superoxide generation in the presence of NIR light, resulting in the deprotection of phenol groups and the release of bioactive molecules under living conditions. The validation of the CAT‐NIR system was demonstrated through the NIR‐triggered rescue of fluorophores, prodrugs as well as biomolecules ranging from amino acids, peptides to proteins. Furthermore, by combining genetic code expansion and computer‐aided screening, CAT‐NIR could regulate affibody binding to the cell surface receptor HER2, providing a selective cell tagging technology through external NIR light. In particular, the tissue‐penetrating ability of NIR light allowed for facile prodrug activation in living mice, enabling noninvasive, remote‐controlled rescue of drug molecules. Given its broad adaptability, this CAT‐NIR system may open new opportunities for manipulating the functions of bioactive molecules in living animals using external NIR light with spatiotemporal resolution.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Atroposelective Kinetic C−H Olefination and Allylation for the Synthesis of C−B Axial Chirality
Authors: Xu Jie , Qiu Weihua , Zhang Xu , Wu Zhihan , Zhang Zhen , Yang Kai , Song Qiuling
Published: October 2023

The direct C−H functionalization of 1,2‐benzazaborines, especially asymmetric version, remains a great challenge. Here we report a palladium‐catalyzed enantioselective C−H olefination and allylation reactions of 1,2‐benzazaborines. This asymmetric approach is a kinetic resolution (KR), providing various C−B axially chiral 2‐aryl‐1,2‐benzazaborines and 3‐substituted 2‐aryl‐1,2‐benzazaborines in generally high yields with excellent enantioselectivities (selectivity (S) factor up to 354). The synthetic potential of this reaction is showcased by late‐stage modification of complex molecules, scale‐up reaction, and applications.
Polymer Photocatalysts Containing Segregated π‐Conjugation Units with Electron‐Trap Activity for Efficient Natural‐light‐driven Bacterial Inactivation
Authors: Wu Xiaojie , Hu Bochen , Li Di , Chen Biyi , Huang Yuanyong , Xie Zhongkai , Li Longhua , Shen Nanjun , Yang Fuchen , Shi Weidong , Chen Ming , Zhu Yongfa
Published: October 2023

Development of highly efficient and metal‐free photocatalysts for bacterial inactivation under natural light is a major challenge in photocatalytic antibiosis. Herein, we developed an acidizing solvent‐thermal approach for inserting a non‐conjugated ethylenediamine segment into the conjugated planes of 3,4,9,10‐perylene tetracarboxylic anhydride to generate a photocatalyst containing segregated π‐conjugation units (EDA‐PTCDA). Under natural light, EDA‐PTCDA achieved 99.9 % inactivation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (60 and 45 min), which is the highest efficiency among all the natural light antibacterial reports. The difference in the surface potential and excited charge density corroborated the possibility of a built‐in electron‐trap effect of the non‐conjugated segments of EDA‐PTCDA, thus forming a highly active EDA‐PTDA/bacteria interface. In addition, EDA‐PTCDA exhibited negligible toxicity and damage to normal tissue cells. This catalyst provides a new opportunity for photocatalytic antibiosis under natural light conditions.
Asymmetric Substitution by Alkynyl Copper Driven Dearomatization and Rearomatization
Authors: Sun Yu‐Ze , Ren Zi‐Yang , Yang Yuan‐Xiang , Liu Yang , Lin Guo‐Qiang , He Zhi‐Tao
Published: October 2023

Catalytic asymmetric transformations by dearomatization have developed into a widely applicable synthetic strategy, but heavily relied on the use of arenes bearing a heteroatom. In this case, the dearomatization is facilitated by the involvement of a p‐orbital electron of the heteroatom. Different from the conventional substrate‐dependent model, here we demonstrate that the activation by a d‐orbital electron of the transition‐metal center can serve as a driving force for dearomatization, and is applied to the development of a novel asymmetric alkynyl copper facilitated remote substitution reaction. A newly modified PyBox chiral ligand enables the construction of valuable diarylmethyl and triarylmethyl skeletons in high enantioselectivities. An unexpected tandem process involving sequential remote substitution/cyclization/1,5‐H shift leads to the formation of the enantioenriched C−N axis. A gram‐scale reaction and various downstream transformations highlight the robustness of this method and the potential transformations of the products. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal a mononuclear Cu‐catalyzed remote substitution process.
Reaction Chemistry at Discrete Organometallic Fragments on Black Phosphorus
Authors: Mitra Kendahl L. Walz , Riehs Michael , Draguicevic Andrei , Swann William A. , Li Christina W. , Velian Alexandra
Published: October 2023

Black phosphorus (bP) is a two‐dimensional van der Waals material unique in its potential to serve as a support for single‐site catalysts due to its similarity to molecular phosphines, ligands quintessential in homogeneous catalysis. However, there is a scarcity of synthetic methods to install single metal centers on the bP lattice. Here, we demonstrate the functionalization of bP nanosheets with molecular Re and Mo complexes. A suite of characterization techniques, including infrared, X‐ray photoelectron and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy as well as scanning transmission electron microscopy corroborate that the functionalized nanosheets contain a high density of discrete metal centers directly bound to the bP surface. Moreover, the supported metal centers are chemically accessible and can undergo ligand exchange transformations without detaching from the surface. The steric and electronic properties of bP as a ligand are estimated with respect to molecular phosphines. Sterically, bP resembles tri(tolyl)phosphine when monodentate to a metal center, and bis(diphenylphosphino)propane when bidentate, whereas electronically bP is a σ‐donor as strong as a trialkyl phosphine. This work is foundational in elucidating the nature of black phosphorus as a ligand and underscores the viability of using bP as a basis for single‐site catalysts.
Enhanced Gain in Organic Photodetectors Using the Polymer with Singlet Open‐Shell Ground State
Authors: Dang Qianxi , Hu Lanzhen , Yuan Likai , Miao Xincheng , Huang Arui , Su Junsheng , Wang Jiaqiang , Zhou Yongheng , Chen Xiaolong , Li Qianqian , Li Zhen , Deng Xianyu
Published: October 2023

Photodetectors are critical components in intelligent optoelectronic systems, and photomultiplication‐capable devices are essential for detecting weak optical signals. Despite significant advances, developing photomultiplication‐type organic photodetectors with high gain and low noise current simultaneously remains challenging. In this work, a new conjugated polymer PDN with singlet open‐shell ground state is introduced in active layers for electron capture, and the corresponding PDN‐based photodetectors exhibited an enhanced photoelectric gain and decreased dark current density at a low forward bias. At 1.5 V, the PDN‐based ternary photodetector has the external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 2552.3 % and the specific detectivity of 1.4×1014 Jones at 710 nm calculated by the measured noise current, with the gain 22 times higher than that of the control group. This study provides an approach for exploiting polymers with singlet open‐shell ground state to enhance the gain of organic photodetectors.
Cascade Energy Transfer and White‐Light Emission in Chirality‐Controlled Crystallization‐Driven Two‐Dimensional Co‐assemblies from Donor and Acceptor Dye‐Conjugated Polylactides
Authors: Rajak Aritra , Das Anindita
Published: October 2023

Achieving predictable and programmable two‐dimensional (2D) structures with specific functions from exclusively organic soft materials remains a scientific challenge. This article unravels stereocomplex crystallization‐driven self‐assembly as a facile method for producing thermally robust discrete 2D‐platelets of diamond shape from biodegradable semicrystalline polylactide (PLA) scaffolds. The method involves co‐assembling two PLA stereoisomers, namely, PY‐PDLA and NMI‐PLLA, which form stereocomplex (SC)‐crystals in isopropanol. By conjugating a well‐known Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) donor and acceptor dye, namely, pyrene (PY) and naphthalene monoimide (NMI), respectively, to the chain termini of these two interacting stereoisomers, a thermally robust FRET process can be stimulated from the 2D array of the co‐assembled dyes on the thermally resilient SC‐PLA crystal surfaces. Uniquely, by decorating the surface of the SC‐PLA crystals with an externally immobilized guest dye, Rhodamine‐B, similar diamond‐shaped structures could be produced that exhibit pure white‐light emission through a surface‐induced two‐step cascade energy transfer process. The FRET response in these systems displays remarkable dependence on the intrinsic crystalline packing, which could be modulated by the chirality of the co‐assembling PLA chains. This is supported by comparing the properties of similar 2D platelets generated from two homochiral PLLAs (PY‐PLLA and NMI‐PLLA) labeled with the same FRET pair.
Effect of fiber surface treatment on mechanical, interfacial, and moisture absorption properties of cattail fiber‐reinforced composites
Authors: Shadhin Md , Jayaraman Raghavan , Rahman Mashiur , Mann Danny
Published: October 2023

Surface treatment of cattail, a lignocellulosic renewable fiber, was investigated to determine the conditions that would reduce moisture absorption while maximizing the properties of cattail fiber‐reinforced unsaturated polyester composites. Surface modification of cattail fiber was studied by treating them with 2.5, 5, and 10% of 1,6‐diisocyanatohexane (DIH) and 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) for three different immersion times (10, 20, and 30 min). DIH‐HEA treated fibers were preformed into a non‐woven mat and impregnated with unsaturated polyester resin to manufacture composite. The existence of covalent bonds on the treated fibers via NH and CN groups was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The 10% DIH‐HEA resulted in the best results; while the mean diameter of the treated fiber decreased by ~37%, the modulus and the strength of it increased by ~267 and ~151%, respectively. Equilibrium moisture regain of the treated fibers and their composites decreased by ~43% and ~40%, respectively. The tensile modulus of the composites increased by ~171%. Enhancement in tensile strength is observed but could not be quantified due to the difference in Vf and scatter in the data. SEM examination confirmed the enhancement in fiber–matrix bonding due to surface treatment.
An Experimental and Theoretical Insight into I2/Br2 Oxidation of Bis(pyridin‐2‐yl)Diselane and Ditellane
Authors: Aragoni M. Carla , Podda Enrico , Chaudhary Savita , Bhasin Aman K. K. , Bhasin Kuldip K. , Coles Simon J. , Orton James B. , Isaia Francesco , Lippolis Vito , Pintus Anna , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Woollins J. Derek , Arca Massimiliano
Published: October 2023

The reactivity between bis(pyridin‐2‐yl)diselane oPy2Se2 and ditellane oPy2Te2 (L1 and L2, respectively; oPy=pyridyn‐2‐yl) and I2/Br2 is discussed. Single‐crystal structure analysis revealed that the reaction of L1 with I2 yielded [(HL1+)(I−)⋅5/2I2]∞ (1) in which monoprotonated cations HL1+ template a self‐assembled infinite pseudo‐cubic polyiodide 3D‐network, while the reaction with Br2 yielded the dibromide HoPySeIIBr2 (2). The oxidation of L2 with I2 and Br2 yielded the compounds HoPyTeIII2 (3) and HoPyTeIVBr4 (6), respectively, whose structures were elucidated by X‐ray diffraction analysis. FT‐Raman spectroscopy measurements are consistent with a 3c–4e description of all the X−Ch−X three‐body systems (Ch=Se, Te; X=Br, I) in compounds 2, 3, HoPyTeIIBr2 (5), and 6. The structural and spectroscopic observations are supported by extensive theoretical calculations carried out at the DFT level that were employed to study the electronic structure of the investigated compounds, the thermodynamic aspects of their formation, and the role of noncovalent σ‐hole halogen and chalcogen bonds in the X⋅⋅⋅X, X⋅⋅⋅Ch and Ch⋅⋅⋅Ch interactions evidenced structurally.