bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HGF facilitates methylation of MEG3, potentially implicated in vemurafenib resistance in melanoma
Authors: Jia Xiaomin , Feng Hao , He Shan , Chen Xiao , Feng Hao , Chen Mingliang , Hu Xing
Published: December 2023

Background

Melanoma, a frequently encountered cutaneous malignancy characterized by a poor prognosis, persists in presenting formidable challenges despite the advancement in molecularly targeted drugs designed to improve survival rates significantly. Unfortunately, as more therapeutic choices have developed over time, the gradual emergence of drug resistance has become a notable impediment to the effectiveness of these therapeutic interventions. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c‐met signaling pathway has attracted considerable attention, associated with drug resistance stemming from multiple potential mutations within the c‐met gene. The activation of the HGF/c‐met pathway operates in an autocrine manner in melanoma. Notably, a key player in the regulatory orchestration of HGF/c‐met activation is the long non‐coding RNA MEG3.

Methods

Melanoma tissues were collected to measure MEG3 expression. In vitro validation was performed on MEG3 to prove its oncogenic roles. Bioinformatic analyses were conducted on the TCGA database to build the MEG3‐related score. The immune characteristics and mutation features of the MEG3‐related score were explored.

Results

We revealed a negative correlation between HGF and MEG3. In melanoma cells, HGF inhibited MEG3 expression by augmenting the methylation of the MEG3 promoter. Significantly, MEG3 exhibits a suppressive impact on the proliferation and migration of melanoma cells, concurrently inhibiting c‐met expression. Moreover, a predictive model centered around MEG3 demonstrates notable efficacy in forecasting critical prognostic indicators, immunological profiles, and mutation statuses among melanoma patients.

Conclusions

The present study highlights the potential of MEG3 as a pivotal regulator of c‐met, establishing it as a promising candidate for targeted drug development in the ongoing pursuit of effective therapeutic interventions.
Relevance, quick hits, and vibe: Features of meaningful teaching and learning during trainee consult interactions
Authors: Rutsky Jessica , Schumacher Daniel , Mallon Daniel
Published: December 2023

Background

Consults are increasingly frequent in inpatient pediatric services. Consult interactions between trainees provide a rich opportunity for teaching and learning. What constitutes meaningful teaching interactions with trainees has not been described.

Objective

Explore how consulting fellows and residents define “meaningful teaching interactions” associated with inpatient consult interactions.

Methods

Four focus groups were conducted with 21 pediatric trainees (11 subspecialty fellows and 10 residents) at one institution. Transcriptions were analyzed using thematic analysis to inductively create categories and themes.

Results

Five factors define meaningful teaching interactions: (1) Relevance; (2) Quick Hits; (3) Vibe; (4) Face‐to‐face Interactions; and (5) Timing and Busyness. Meaningful content was described as relevant to current or future patient care. Residents valued content that would enable them to explain the reasoning behind recommendations and think through the next steps. Trainees highlighted brief clinical pearls as superior to longer teaching sessions. The “vibe” between resident and fellow was described as a prerequisite to meaningful teaching and included aspects of interest, receptivity, tone, and attitude. Face‐to‐face interactions were preferred by many trainees, from initial consults to seeing patients or co‐rounding. Timing and workload reflected discordant schedules, including time of day and week, but setting a planned time for teaching was beneficial.

Conclusion

Relevant, bite‐sized educational content combined with a good vibe and optimal timing creates a context in which consult fellows can foster meaningful teaching opportunities for residents.
Secular stagnation: Is immigration part of the solution?
Authors: Alves José , Morgado Sandro
Published: December 2023

We review the secular stagnation hypothesis, first postulated by Hansen in 1939, to describe the current macroeconomic dynamics faced by developed economies. We argue that these economies are experiencing secular stagnation and that demographic factors play a significant role in this macroeconomic environment. Using a panel data analysis covering the period 1965–2020 for 15 European Union economies, our paper suggests that immigration should be considered as a potential solution to this problem. Our results show that demographic factors do indeed play a significant role in secular stagnation and that immigration has a positive impact in this macroeconomic context.
Liming leads to changes in the physical properties of acidified forest soils
Authors: Hartmann Peter , Jansone Lelde , Mahlau Lucas , Maier Martin , Lang Verena , Puhlmann Heike
Published: December 2023

Background

Forest liming is a common practice in many German forests, which aims primarily at improving soil chemical properties that have been negatively impacted by acid rain. Effects on physical functions have not yet been studied widely.

Aims

The hypothesis of this study is that chemical changes after liming lead to changes in the physical properties of the humus layer and mineral soil.

Methods

We studied soil physical characteristics (water retention characteristics, air and water permeabilities, and conductivities) of limed and adjacent control plots of sandy to loamy, acidified soils under spruce and beech‐dominated stands.

Results

We found differences between limed and control plots, especially in the humus layer and mineral top soil. Here, air capacity values (representing air‐filled macropores at −6 kPa) have experienced an increase, while available water capacities (representing the sum of dewatered mesopores between −6 and −1500 kPa) were reduced to a variable extent. These changes in pore size distributions affected gas diffusion as well as gas permeability positively. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity was not affected. Below the top mineral soil, a tendency to a reduced macroporosity and gas permeability was observed, but no clear changes were detected.

Conclusions

Small but significant changes of soil physical properties and functions in the humus layer and top mineral soil are discussed to be an indirect effect of forest liming. Liming improves pH and nutrient availability, which in turn should have stimulated activity and abundance of soil fauna, especially earthworms. Where observed, their activity could explain the observed changes in soil physical properties. We believe that effects below the top soil might be due to mobilization and translocation of soil particles and a clogging of pores, but these depths were only studied at three plots. Compared to common liming practices, however, the investigated sites are characterized by significantly higher lime applications. The effects on practice liming areas in forestry praxis are therefore likely to be smaller than in this study.
Exploring the mechanisms of diverging mechanical and water stability in macro‐ and microaggregates
Authors: Roosch Svenja , Felde Vincent J. M. N. L. , Uteau Daniel , Peth Stephan
Published: December 2023

Background

Soil stability is often evaluated using either mechanical or hydraulic stress. The few studies that use both approaches suggest that these two types of stability behave differently.

Aims

Our aim was to explore the mechanisms of aggregate stability regarding mechanical and water stability at the macro‐ and microscale, among other things, the effect of differing pore structure and soil organic matter content.

Methods

Samples were taken from two adjacent plots that were expected to differ in stability due to land use, that is, cropped versus bare fallow (BF). The stability of dry‐separated macroaggregates (8–16 mm) and microaggregates (53–250 µm) was determined via wet sieving and unconfined uniaxial compression tests. To explore the mechanisms of stability, 3D pore characteristics were analyzed with microtomography scans. Furthermore, the contents of carbon and exchangeable polyvalent cations as well as contact angles were determined.

Results

Water stability of macroaggregates was much higher in the cropped plot (geometric mean diameter 0.65–2.37 mm [cropped] vs. 0.31–0.56 mm [BF]), while mechanical stability was very similar (median work 17.3 [cropped] and 17.5 N mm [BF]). The two size fractions behaved similarly regarding both types of stability, with more pronounced differences in macroaggregates. Several soil characteristics, like carbon, exchangeable calcium, and higher connectivity of pores to the aggregate exterior, contributed to water stability. Regarding mechanical stability, the destabilizing effect of lower carbon content and exchangeable calcium in the BF plot was counterbalanced by a lower porosity.

Conclusions

Mechanical and water stability behaved differently in the two plots due to the different deformation mechanisms.
Long term co‐application of biochar and fertilizer could increase soybean yield under continuous cropping: insights from photosynthetic physiology
Authors: Wu Di , Zhang Yuxue , Gu Wenqi , Feng Zhibo , Xiu Liqun , Zhang Weiming , Chen Wenfu
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Photosynthesis is the key to crop yield. The effect of biochar on photosynthetic physiology and soybean yield under continuous cropping is unclear. We conducted a long‐term field experiment to investigate the effects of co‐application of biochar and fertilizer (BCAF) on these parameters. Five treatments were established: F2 (fertilizer), B1F1 (3 t hm−2 biochar plus fertilizer), B1F2 (3 t hm−2 biochar plus reduced fertilizer), B2F1 (6 t hm−2 biochar plus fertilizer), and B2F2 (6 t hm−2 biochar plus reduced fertilizer).

RESULTS

BCAF increased chlorophyll and leaf area, enhancing soybean photosynthesis. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), water use efficiency (WUE) and intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration (Ci) were enhanced by BCAF. In addition, BCAF improved soybean photosystem II (PSII) photosynthetic performance, driving force, potential photochemical efficiency (Fv/F0), and quantum yield of electron transfer (φE0). Furthermore, BCAF enhanced the accumulation of photosynthetic products, such as soluble proteins, soluble sugars and sucrose content, resulting in higher leaf dry weight. Consequently, BCAF increased the soybean yield, with the highest increase of 41.54% in B2F1. The correlation analysis revealed positive relationships between soybean yield and chlorophyll, leaf area, maximal quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), electron transport flux per cross‐section at t = 0 (ET0/CS0), trapped energy flux per cross‐section at t = 0 (TR0/CS0), composite blade driving force (DFTotal), and leaf dry weight.

CONCLUSIONS

We demonstrated that long‐term BCAF enhances soybean photosynthesis under continuous planting, reduces fertilizer use and increases yield. This study reveals a novel way and theory to sustainably increase soybean productivity. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Survival and cause‐specific mortality of male wild turkeys across the southeastern United States
Authors: Wightman Patrick H. , Ulrey Erin E. , Bakner Nicholas W. , Cantrell Jay R. , Ruth Charles R. , Rushton Emily , Cedotal Cody A. , Kilgo John C. , Moscicki David J. , Pacifici Krishna , Moorman Christopher E. , Collier Bret A. , Chamberlain Michael J.
Published: December 2023

Estimating survival and cause‐specific mortality of male eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) is important for understanding population dynamics and implementing appropriate harvest management. To better understand age‐specific estimates of annual survival and harvest rates, we captured and marked male wild turkeys with leg bands (n = 311) or bands and transmitters (n = 549) in Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina, USA, during 2014–2022. We fitted time to event models to data from radio‐marked birds to estimate cause‐specific mortality and annual survival. We used band recovery models incorporating both band recovery and telemetry data to further investigate harvest rates and survival. Annual survival from known‐fate models in hunted populations was 0.54 (95% CI = 0.49–0.59) for adults and 0.86 (95% CI = 0.81–0.92) for juveniles. Cause‐specific mortality analysis produced an annual harvest estimate of 0.29 (95% CI = 0.24–0.33) for adults and 0.02 (95% CI = 0.01–0.03) for juveniles, whereas predation was 0.15 (95% CI = 0.10–0.20) and 0.12 (95% CI = 0.08–0.17), respectively. Annual survival for adult males in a non‐hunted population was 0.83 (95% CI = 0.72–0.97). Survival rate was negatively correlated with harvest rate, indicating harvest was an additive mortality source. Annual survival from band recovery models was 0.40 (95% CI = 0.37–0.44) for adults and 0.88 (95% CI = 0.81– 0.93) for juveniles, whereas annual harvest estimates were 0.24 (95% CI = 0.23–0.25) for adults and 0.04 (95% CI = 0.03–0.05) for juveniles. Both models suggested no differences in annual survival across years or among study areas, which included privately owned and public properties. Harvest was an additive mortality source for male wild turkeys, suggesting that managers interested in increasing annual survival of adult males could consider ways of reducing harvest rates.
Comparative study of the high‐temperature auto‐ignition of cyclopentane and tetrahydrofuran
Authors: Do Hong‐Quan , Lefort Benoîte , Serinyel Zeynep , LeMoyne Luis , Dayma Guillaume
Published: December 2023

Cyclopentane (C5H10) and tetrahydrofuran (C4H8O) are both five‐membered ring compounds. The present study compares the auto‐ignition of cyclopentane and tetrahydrofuran in a high‐pressure shock‐tube (20 atm). Twelve different mixtures were investigated at two different fuel initial mole fractions (1% and 2%): at Xfuel = 1%, three equivalence ratios, kept constant between cyclopentane and tetrahydrofuran, were studied (0.5, 1, and 2), whereas three Xfuel/XO2 were investigated when Xfuel = 2%. A detailed kinetic mechanism was developed to reproduce cyclopentane and tetrahydrofuran auto‐ignition. The agreement between our experimental results and the modeling is very good. This mechanism was used to explain the similarities and differences observed between cyclopentane and tetrahydrofuran auto‐ignition.
Cr3+↔Fe3+ Energy Transfer Offset Enabling Anti‐Thermal Quenching Near‐Infrared Emission for Coded Wireless‐Communication Applications
Authors: He Fanquan , Song Enhai , Zhang Chuang , Chang Hui , Dong Guoping , Xia Zhiguo , Wang Weichao , Zhang Qinyuan
Published: December 2023

Broadband near‐infrared (NIR) emission phosphors are crucial for the construction of next‐generation smart lighting sources; however, the thermal quenching (TQ) issue poses a significant challenge to their applications. In this study, anti‐TQ NIR emission is demonstrated in hexafluoride phosphors, using a facile Cr3+/Fe3+ co‐doping strategy. Owing to the controlled forward resonance energy transfer (ET) from Cr3+ to Fe3+ and one‐phonon‐assisted back ET from Fe3+ to Cr3+, the thermally enhanced broadband NIR luminescence is realised in series of fluoride such as Na3FeF6:Cr3+, Na3GaF6:Cr3+, Fe3+, K2NaScF6:Cr3+, Fe3+, etc. By varying the chemical composition of the phosphor, the anti‐TQ emission is achieved even upon raising the temperature to ≈423 K. The anti‐TQ luminescence mechanism is investigated, and the ET offset effect on luminescence TQ is demonstrated. More importantly, by combining these phosphors with blue InGaN chip, anti‐/zero‐TQ NIR light emitting diodes with a high photoelectric conversion efficiency even up to 19.13%@20 mA are further fabricated to realize the emerging coded optical wireless‐communication applications. These findings can initiate the exploration of NIR phosphors with anti‐TQ luminescence properties for advanced optoelectronic applications.
Optimization of Fiber Laydown During the Fiber Spinning Process by Utilizing the Coanda‐Effect
Authors: Bier Alexander M. , Büchler Julian , Schubert Dirk W.
Published: December 2023

The laydown of aerodynamically stretched fibers during fiber spinning is a key feature of the non‐woven quality. The desired properties of the produced non‐woven are mostly determined by the mechanical properties of the single fiber and the homogeneity of the spunbond. While the former is studied widely, the homogeneity is mostly studied by simulations and not experimentally. Cloudiness or formation of non‐wovens is a known phenomenon that describes deviations from the ideal laydown. Thin areas have a huge impact on the mechanical properties of the spunbond; And subsequently, the investigation of the fiber laydown is of great interest. This work presents an experimental approach to optimize the fiber laydown of a pilot plant fiber spinning device consisting of two aerodynamic stretching devices (aspirators) that stretch eight single fibers each. Due to fiber accumulation on the lay‐down belt under each of the aspirators, a metal rod is placed in‐between to deflect the fibers into the center utilizing the Coanda‐effect to achieve a broad homogeneous fiber distribution.
Compact convex sets free of inner points in infinite‐dimensional topological vector spaces
Authors: Campos‐Jiménez Almudena , García‐Pacheco Francisco Javier
Published: December 2023

An inner point of a non‐singleton convex set is a point satisfying that for all there exists such that . We prove the existence of convex compact subsets free of inner points in the infinite‐dimensional setting. Following our pathway to this result, we come up with other several geometric hits, such as the existence of a non‐convex subset that coincides with its starlike envelope.
Sequence‐discrete species for prokaryotes and other microbes: A historical perspective and pending issues
Authors: Konstantinidis Konstantinos T.
Published: December 2023

Whether prokaryotes, and other microorganisms, form distinct clusters that can be recognized as species remains an issue of paramount theoretical as well as practical consequence in identifying, regulating, and communicating about these organisms. In the past decade, comparisons of thousands of genomes of isolates and hundreds of metagenomes have shown that prokaryotic diversity may be predominantly organized in such sequence‐discrete clusters, albeit organisms of intermediate relatedness between the identified clusters are also frequently found. Accumulating evidence suggests, however, that the latter “intermediate” organisms show enough ecological and/or functional distinctiveness to be considered different species. Notably, the area of discontinuity between clusters often—but not always—appears to be around 85%–95% genome‐average nucleotide identity, consistently among different taxa. More recent studies have revealed remarkably similar diversity patterns for viruses and microbial eukaryotes as well. This high consistency across taxa implies a specific mechanistic process that underlies the maintenance of the clusters. The underlying mechanism may be a substantial reduction in the efficiency of homologous recombination, which mediates (successful) horizontal gene transfer, around 95% nucleotide identity. Deviations from the 95% threshold (e.g., species showing lower intraspecies diversity) may be caused by ecological differentiation that imposes barriers to otherwise frequent gene transfer. While this hypothesis that clusters are driven by ecological differentiation coupled to recombination frequency (i.e., higher recombination within vs. between groups) is appealing, the supporting evidence remains anecdotal. The data needed to rigorously test the hypothesis toward advancing the species concept are also outlined.
Effect of Fiber‐Rich Diet and Rope Skipping on Memory, Executive Function, and Gut Microbiota in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhu Lewei , Ming Yingan , Wu Miao , Zhang Xin , Wang Xiaotong , Li Hailin , Lin Zongyu , Gao Fei , Zhu Yanna
Published: December 2023

Scope

To investigate the effects of fiber‐rich diets (FDs), rope skipping (RS), and the combination of these two interventions (fiber‐rich diet with rope skipping [FD‐RS]) on memory, executive function in young adults, and to explore their relationship with gut microbiota.

Materials and results

The study is a 12‐week parallel‐design randomized controlled trial in which 120 undergraduates (19 ± 1 years) are randomized to FD (fiber ≥ 20 g day−1), RS (3 × 2000 times per week), FD‐RS or control group (n = 30 per group). Memory and executive function are assessed by scales, and stool samples are collected at baseline and after the intervention. FD group and FD‐RS group show fewer prospective and retrospective subjective memory impairments than the control group, but there is no significant difference between FD‐RS and the intervention alone (FD or RS). No obvious change in executive function is observed throughout the trial. In terms of the gut microbiota, the α‐diversity does not increase, but the microbial community evenness improves after the RS and FD intervention. Additionally, the relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes and genera Faecalibacterium, Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group in the RS group and NK4A214_group in the FD group significantly increase. In the RS group, a correlation is found between the increase in microbial evenness and the improvement in retrospective memory.

Conclusion

The FD and FD‐RS have beneficial effects on memory in young adults. Meanwhile, FD and RS can improve the microbial evenness and increase several beneficial genera of phylum Firmicutes.
Facilitating diffusion tensor imaging of the brain during continuous gross head motion with first and second order motion compensating diffusion gradients
Authors: Kara Danielle , Koenig Katherine , Lowe Mark , Nguyen Christopher T. , Sakaie Ken
Published: December 2023

Purpose

To demonstrate the feasibility of motion compensating diffusion gradient schemes in the acquisition of quality diffusion tensor images (DTI) of the brain during continuous gross head motion.

Methods

Five healthy subjects were scanned using a clinical 3 T MRI with and without continuous head motion. For one volunteer, DTI data was acquired using standard (M0) diffusion‐weighted (DW) gradients, and first (M1) and second (M2) order gradient schemes that were previously developed for use in cardiac DTI. In four additional volunteers, DTI data was acquired with M0 and M2 gradients. DTI parameters were calculated and compared with established retrospective motion corrections.

Results

In the absence of motion, DTI parameters calculated from M0, M1, and M2 data were consistent. In the presence of motion, up to 44% of DW images acquired with M0 gradients were corrupted by signal dropout, compared to 0% of the M2 images. In voxelwise comparisons, DTI parameters calculated using motion‐M0 data were elevated compared to reference data. Retrospective corrections for extreme motion applied to motion‐M0 data did not improve consistency with reference data in cases where motion corrupted >15% of DW images. In contrast, DTI parameters calculated with motion‐M2 data were consistent with reference data.

Conclusion

This proof‐of‐principle study demonstrates that motion compensating diffusion gradients can mitigate artifacts because of continuous motion in DTI of the brain and offers promise for improved DTI accessibility. Further study will be necessary to determine the robustness of the approach in patient populations with high susceptibility to head motion.
Development of frontal boundaries during the extratropical transition of tropical cyclones
Authors: Jones Evan , Parfitt Rhys , Wing Allison A.
Published: December 2023

This study seeks to characterize the development of atmospheric fronts during the extratropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclones (TCs) as a function of their evolution during ET. Composite histograms indicate that the magnitude of the lower atmospheric frontogenesis and average sea‐surface temperature is different based on the nature of the TC's structural change during ET. We find that the development of cold and warm fronts evolves as expected from conceptual models of extratropical cyclones. Composites of these fronts relative to the completion of ET show that azimuth, storm motion, and deep‐layer shear all appear to have equal influence on the frontal positions. TCs that have more fronts at the time of ET onset complete ET more quickly, suggesting that pre‐existing fronts before ET begins may contribute to a shorter ET duration. The orientations of fronts at ET completion in the North Atlantic and west Pacific align with the climatological distributions of the sea‐surface temperatures associated with the western boundary currents in each of those basins. These results provide a perspective on the locations of frontal development within TCs undergoing ET.
Northern Hemisphere extratropical cyclone biases in ECMWF subseasonal forecasts
Authors: Büeler Dominik , Sprenger Michael , Wernli Heini
Published: December 2023

Extratropical cyclones influence midlatitude surface weather directly via precipitation and wind and indirectly via upscale feedbacks on the large‐scale flow. Biases in cyclone frequency and characteristics in medium‐range to subseasonal numerical weather prediction might therefore hinder exploitation of potential predictability on these timescales. We thus, for the first time, identify and track extratropical cyclones in 20 years (2000–2020) of subseasonal ensemble reforecasts from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) in the Northern Hemisphere in all seasons. The reforecasts reproduce the climatology of cyclone frequency and life‐cycle characteristics qualitatively well up to six weeks ahead. However, there are significant regional biases in cyclone frequency, which can result from a complex combination of biases in cyclone genesis, size, location, lifetime, and propagation speed. Their magnitude is largest in summer, with the strongest regional deficit of cyclones of more than 30% in the North Atlantic, relatively large in spring, and smallest in winter and autumn. Moreover, the reforecast cyclones reach too‐high intensities during most seasons, although intensification rates are captured well. An overestimation of cyclone lifetime might partly but not exclusively explain this intensity bias. While the cyclone bias patterns often appear in lead‐time weeks 1 and 2, their magnitudes typically grow further at subseasonal lead times, in some cases up to weeks 5 and 6. Most of the dynamical sources of these biases thus likely appear in the early medium range, but sources on longer timescales probably contribute to the further increase of biases with lead time. Our study provides a useful basis to identify, better understand, and ultimately reduce biases in the large‐scale flow and in surface weather in subseasonal weather forecasts. Given the considerable biases during summer, when subseasonal predictions of precipitation and surface temperature will become increasingly important, this season deserves particular attention for future research.
Inference for dependent complementary competing risks model from an inverted Kumaraswamy distribution under ranked set sampling
Authors: Wang Liang , Lio Yuhlong , Tripathi Yogesh Mani , Dey Sanku
Published: December 2023

Ranked set sampling (RSS) has been proved to be an efficient sampling design for parametric and nonparametric inference. This paper explores inference for a maximum RSS procedure with unequal samples (MRSSU) with multiple dependent failure causes. When the lifetimes of units are characterized by a proposed complementary competing risks model, classical likelihood and Bayesian approaches are discussed for parameters and reliability estimation. Maximum likelihood estimators of model parameters and associated existence and uniqueness are established, and approximate confidence intervals are constructed using asymptotic theory and delta methods. With respect to general flexible priors, Bayesian estimates of interested quantities are also performed and a Monte Carlo sampling algorithm is proposed for complex posterior computation. Additionally, when extra historical information between the competing risks parameters is available, likelihood and Bayesian estimation are also studied under an order restriction case. Different methods are compared based on extensive simulation studies, and another real data example is demonstrated for application propose.
Role of the VEGF in virus‐associated cancers
Authors: Tavakolian Shaian , Tabaeian Seidamir Pasha , Namazi Abolfazl , Faghihloo Ebrahim , Akbari Abolfazl
Published: December 2023

The role of numerous risk factors, including consumption of alcohol, smoking, having diet high in fat and sugar and many other items, on caner progression cannot be denied. Viral diseases are one these factors, and they can initiate some signalling pathways causing cancer. For example, they can be effective on providing oxygen and nutrients by inducing VEGF expression. In this review article, we summarised the mechanisms of angiogenesis and VEGF expression in cancerous tissues which are infected with oncoviruses (Epstein‐Barr virus, Human papillomavirus infection, Human T‐lymphotropic virus, Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus, Hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus).
Metal‐Organic Framework‐Mediated Synergistic Hypoxia‐Activated Chemo‐Immunotherapy Induced by High Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Enhanced Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Sun Tingyu , Li Jingnan , Zhou Yinglin , Zeng Chao , Luo Chengyan , Luo Xirui , Li Huanan
Published: December 2023

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has attracted considerable attention as a noninvasive, efficient, and economic therapeutic modality for solid tumors. However, HIFU surgery has its intrinsic limitation in completely ablating tumors, leading to residual tumor tissue. Furthermore, the severely hypoxic environment ensuring after surgery can exacerbate the unrestricted proliferation and metabolism of residual tumor cells, leading to tumor recurrence and metastasis. To address these limitations, a versatile HIFU‐specific metal‐organic framework nanosystem (called ADMOFs) is developed by coordinating hypoxia‐activated prodrug AQ4N, Mn2+, and DOX based on the postoperative response to changes in the tumor microenvironment. ADMOFs loaded with AQ4N/Mn2+ exhibited remarkable tumor‐targeting behavior in vivo and enhanced photoacoustic/magnetic resonance imaging effects, enabling more accurate guidance for HIFU surgery. After surgery, the ADMOFs exploited the severely hypoxic tumor environment induced by HIFU, overcoming hypoxia‐associated drug resistance, and inducing immunogenic cell death. Finally, it effectively inhibited tumor growth and eliminated lung metastasis. Transcriptome studies revealed that this strategy significantly up‐regulated genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle, and HIF‐1 signaling pathway while downregulating genes related to tumor proliferation and metastasis. These findings suggest that combining hypoxia‐activated chemo‐immunotherapy with HIFU is a promising strategy for enhancing cancer theranostics.
Tunable Crystallinity and Electron Conduction in Wavy 2D Conjugated Metal–Organic Frameworks via Halogen Substitution
Authors: Jastrzembski Kamil , Zhang Yingying , Lu Yang , Sporrer Lukas , Pohl Darius , Rellinghaus Bernd , Waentig Albrecht L. , Zhang Haojie , Mücke David , Fu Shuai , Polozij Miroslav , Li Xue , Zhang Jianjun , Wang Mingchao , Morag Ahiud , Yu Minghao , Mateo‐Alonso Aurelio , Wang Hai I. , Bonn Mischa , Kaiser Ute , Heine Thomas , Dong Renhao , Feng Xinliang
Published: December 2023

Currently, most reported 2D conjugated metal–organic frameworks (2D c‐MOFs) are based on planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with symmetrical functional groups, limiting the possibility of introducing additional substituents to fine‐tune the crystallinity and electrical properties. Herein, a novel class of wavy 2D c‐MOFs with highly substituted, core‐twisted hexahydroxy‐hexa‐cata‐benzocoronenes (HH‐cHBCs) as ligands is reported. By tailoring the substitution of the c‐HBC ligands with electron‐withdrawing groups (EWGs), such as fluorine, chlorine, and bromine, it is demonstrated that the crystallinity and electrical conductivity at the molecular level can be tuned. The theoretical calculations demonstrate that F‐substitution leads to a more reversible coordination bonding between HH‐cHBCs and copper metal center, due to smaller atomic size and stronger electron‐withdrawing effect. As a result, the achieved F‐substituted 2D c‐MOF exhibits superior crystallinity, comprising ribbon‐like single crystals up to tens of micrometers in length. Moreover, the F‐substituted 2D c‐MOF displays higher electrical conductivity (two orders of magnitude) and higher charge carrier mobility (almost three times) than the Cl‐substituted one. This work provides a new molecular design strategy for the development of wavy 2D c‐MOFs and opens a new route for tailoring the coordination reversibility by ligand substitution toward increased crystallinity and superior electric conductivity.
Synthesis of Cu2‐xSe‐MoSe2 Edge‐Epitaxial Heterostructure for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Ma Yanbo , Yang Lei , Li Ye , Li Hai , Huang Yanping , Chen Junze
Published: December 2023

The exposure of active edge sites of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) in TMD‐based heterostructures is essential to enhance the catalytic activity toward electrochemical catalytic hydrogen evolution (HER). The construction of TMD‐based edge‐epitaxial heterostructures can maximally expose the active edge sites. However, owing to the 2D crystal structures, it remains a great challenge to vertically align layered TMDs on non‐layered metal chalcogenides. Herein, the synthesis of Cu2‐xSe‐MoSe2 edge‐epitaxial heterostructure is reported by a facile one‐pot wet‐chemical method. A high density of MoSe2 nanosheets grown vertically to the <111>Cu2‐xSe on the surface of Cu2‐xSe nanocrystals is observed. Such edge‐epitaxial configuration allows the exposure of abundant active edge sites of MoSe2 and enhances the changer transfer between MoSe2 and Cu2‐xSe. As a result, the obtained Cu2‐xSe‐MoSe2 epitaxial heterostructures show excellent HER performance as compared to that of Cu2‐xSe@1T/2H‐MoSe2 core@shell heterostructure with similar size. This work not only offers a novel approach for designing efficient electrochemical catalysis but also enriches the diversity of TMD‐based heterostructures, holding promise for various applications in the future.
Highly Efficient MAPbI3‐Based Quantum Dots Exhibiting Unusual Nonblinking Single Photon Emission at Room Temperature
Authors: Chuang Yung‐Tang , Lin Tzu‐Yu , Tan Guang‐Hsun , Jan Pei‐En , Lin Hao‐Cheng , Chen Hung‐Ming , Hsiao Kai‐Yuan , Chen Bo‐Han , Lu Chih‐Hsuan , Lee Chi‐Hsuan , Pao Chun‐Wei , Yang Shang‐Da , Lu Ming‐Yen , Lin Hao‐Wu
Published: December 2023

Highly emissive semiconductor nanocrystals, or so‐called quantum dots (QDs) possess a variety of applications from displays and biology labeling, to quantum communication and modern security. Though ensembles of QDs have already shown very high photoluminescent quantum yields (PLQYs) and have been widely utilized in current optoelectronic products, QDs that exhibit high absorption cross‐section, high emission intensity, and, most important, nonblinking behavior at single‐dot level have long been desired and not yet realized at room temperature. In this work, infrared‐emissive MAPbI3‐based halide perovskite QDs is demonstrated. These QDs not only show a ≈100% PLQY at the ensemble level but also, surprisingly, at the single‐dot level, display an extra‐large absorption cross‐section up to 1.80 × 10−12 cm2 and non‐blinking single photon emission with a high single photon purity of 95.3%, a unique property that is extremely rare among all types of quantum emitters operated at room temperature. An in‐depth analysis indicates that neither trion formation nor band‐edge carrier trapping is observed in MAPbI3 QDs, resulting in the suppression of intensity blinking and lifetime blinking. Fluence‐dependent transient absorption measurements reveal that the coexistence of non‐blinking behavior and high single photon purity in these perovskite QDs results from a significant repulsive exciton‐exciton interaction, which suppresses the formation of biexciton, and thus greatly reduces photocharging. The robustness of these QDs is confirmed by their excellent stability under continuous 1 h electron irradiation in high‐resolution transmission electron microscope inspection. It is believed that these results mark an important milestone in realizing nonblinking single photon emission in semiconductor QDs.
Controllable Solid Electrolyte Interphase by Ionic Environment Regulation for Stable Zn‐Ion Battery
Authors: Liu Jingwen , Li Caixia , Zhang Kai , Zhang Shenghao , Zhang Chao , Yang Yu , Wang Lei
Published: December 2023

Artificial solid electrolyte interphase in organic solutions is effective and facile for long‐cycling aqueous zinc ion batteries. However, the specific effects on different ionic environments have not been thoroughly investigated. Herein, pyromellitic acid (PA) are employed as organic ligand to coordinate with Zn2+ under various ionic environments. The connection between the ionic environment and reaction spontaneity is analyzed to provide insights into the reasons behind the effectiveness of the SEI layer and to characterize its protective impact on the zinc anode. Notably, the PA solution (pH4) lacking OH− contributes to the formation of a dense and ultrathin SEI with Zn‐PA coordination, preventing direct contact between the anode and electrolyte. Moreover, the presence of organic functional groups facilitates a uniform flux of Zn2+. These advantages enable stable cycling of the PA4‐Zn symmetric cell at a current density of 3 mA cm−2 for over 3500 h. The PA4‐Zn//MVO full cell demonstrates excellent electrochemical reversibility. Investigating the influence of the ionic environment on SEI generation informs the development of novel SEI strategies.
Highly Transparent, Yet Photoluminescent: 2D CdSe/CdS Nanoplatelet‐Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Composites Sensitive to Gas Adsorption
Authors: Klepzig Lars F. , Keppler Nils C. , Rudolph Dominik A. , Schaate Andreas , Behrens Peter , Lauth Jannika
Published: December 2023

In this work, thin composite films of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) and colloidal two‐dimensional (2D) core‐crown CdSe/CdS nanoplatelet (NPL) emitters with minimal scattering are formed by a cycled growth method and yield highly transparent coatings with strong and narrow photoluminescence of the NPLs at 546 nm (FWHM: 25 nm) in a solid‐state composite structure. The porous ZIF matrix acts as functional encapsulation for the emitters and enables the adsorption of the guest molecules water and ethanol. The adsorption and desorption of the guest molecules is then characterized by a reversable photoluminescence change of the embedded NPLs. The transmittance of the composite films exceeds the values of uncoated glass at visible wavelengths where the NPL emitters show no absorption (>540 nm) and renders them anti‐reflective coatings. At NPL absorption wavelengths (440–540 nm), the transmittance of the thin composite film‐coated glass lies close to the transmittance of uncoated glass. The fast formation of innovative, smooth NPL/ZIF composite films without pre‐polymerizing the colloidal 2D nanostructures first provides a powerful tool toward application‐oriented photoluminescence‐based gas sensing.
The Nanoscale Ordering of Cellulose in a Hierarchically Structured Hybrid Material Revealed Using Scanning Electron Diffraction
Authors: Nero Mathias , Ali Hasan , Li Yuanyuan , Willhammar Tom
Published: December 2023

Cellulose, being a renewable and abundant biopolymer, has garnered significant attention for its unique properties and potential applications in hybrid materials. Understanding the hierarchical arrangement of cellulose nanofibers is crucial for developing cellulose‐based materials with enhanced mechanical properties. In this study, the use of Scanning Electron Diffraction (SED) is presented to map the nanoscale orientation of cellulose fibers in a bio‐composite material with a preserved wood cell structure. The SED data provides detailed insights into the ordering of cellulose with an extraordinary resolution of ≈15 nm. It enables a quantitative analysis of the fiber orientation over regions as large as entire cells. A highly organized arrangement of cellulose fibers within the secondary cell wall is observed, with a gradient of orientations toward the outer part of the wall. The in‐plane fiber rotation is quantified, revealing a uniform orientation close to the middle lamella. Transversely sectioned material exhibits similar trends, suggesting a layered cell wall structure. Based on the SED data, a 3D model depicting the complex helical alignment of fibers throughout the cell wall is constructed. This study demonstrates the unique opportunities SED provides for characterizing the nanoscale hierarchical arrangement of cellulose nanofibers, empowering further research on a range of hybrid materials.
Wide‐Range Mode Variable Strategy Design and Switching Process Optimization for LLC Resonant Converter
Authors: Lin Huipin , Jin Kai , Xie Wangjie , Qian Jiaxin , Li Ping , Zhou Mingyue , Tang Xiaozhou
Published: December 2023

In response to the demand for new energy applications and wide‐range DC/DC converters, this study focuses on the LLC resonant converter. The traditional LLC working range is not wide enough, so this paper investigates variable mode control to increase the LLC working range without changing the topology. Different control strategies are selected for different modes, and simulation studies are conducted on variable mode control strategies such as full‐bridge frequency conversion, full‐bridge phase shifting, and half‐bridge frequency conversion. The LLC operates in full‐bridge frequency conversion mode at low input voltage, half‐bridge frequency conversion mode at high input voltage, and full‐bridge phase shifting mode at intermediate voltage. The transient process of mode switching is optimized to greatly improve the stability of the converter and reduce voltage fluctuations. Based on the simulation and analysis, the system design of software and hardware is completed, an LLC resonant converter prototype is made, and experimental verification is carried out, confirming the effectiveness of the variable mode strategy. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
1/2 BPS structure constants and random matrices
Authors: Holguin Adolfo
Published: December 2023

Abstract

We study three point functions of half BPS operators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills theory focusing on correlators of two of the operators with dimension of order ∆ ~ N2 and a light single trace operator. These describe vacuum expectation values of type IIB supergravity modes in LLM backgrounds that do not necessarily preserve the same symmetries as the background solution. We propose a class of complex matrix models that fully capture the combinatorics of the problem, and describe their solution in the large N limit. In simple regimes when the dual description is in terms of widely separated condensates of giant gravitons we find that the models are solvable in the large N and can be approximated by unitary Jacobi ensembles; we describe how these distributions are reproduced in the dual bubbling geometry picture for large droplets. In the case of two eigenvalue droplets the model is exactly solvable at finite N. As a result we compute all half-BPS structure constants of heavy-heavy-light type, and reproduce the formulas found via holographic renormalization in the large N limit. We also comment on structure constants of three heavy operators.
Effect of relative humidity on the thin-layer chromatographic separation of E 472 emulsifiers
Authors: Schuster Katharina , Oellig Claudia
Published: December 2023

E 472 emulsifiers are organic acid esters of mono- and diacylglycerides. These emulsifiers are categorized into six subgroups (E 472a-f) based on the specific acid component, e.g., acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, or mixtures of tartaric and acetic acid. The present study investigated the effect of relative humidity (RH) on the thin-layer chromatographic separation of four E 472 emulsifier subgroups, addressing practical concerns due to RH variations between seasons and within laboratories. Three RH-setting techniques affecting plate activity and chamber climate were assessed using saturated salt and aqueous sulfuric acid solutions. Aqueous sulfuric acid solutions for RH adjustment resulted in decreased hRF values, while no trends in hRF value changes were observed for saturated salt solutions. Unlike RH itself, the RH setting technique led to substantial changes in the chromatographic fingerprint. Thus, the choice of the RH setting method should be tailored to the specific analyte and analysis goal. Despite variations in chromatographic fingerprints between the three RH setting techniques, the fingerprint remained consistent within the same technique across the tested RH range.
Modelling pandemic behavior with a network-SIRD approach
Authors: Baude Mira , Kimms Alf
Published: December 2023

Due to the Corona pandemic, measures to control the spread of the virus are much debated in society. Different countries pursued different policy approaches to reduce the outbreak of the pandemic. This paper deals with the optimal selection of measures to control the outbreak of a pandemic. The focus is on the beginning of a pandemic, when no vaccines or medical supplies are available. To illustrate the different approaches taken by governments, we demonstrate some practical data. We formulate a mathematical program to minimize the economic damage caused by measures while simultaneously considering the humanitarian damage caused by infections. To consider the progress of the pandemic, our model is based on epidemiological multi-group-SIRD model. This model is looking at a bunch of districts and their contact rates with each other. In each district, the population is divided into subgroups. The measures restrict contacts between these subgroups and affect the pandemic process. In addition to the consideration of minimizing costs, a limited mortality rate is also considered. To illustrate the model, a small case study inspired by cities in Germany is presented.
Investigation of key performance indicators for performance management of the manufacturing industry in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Munmun Sajneen Akter , Moktadir Md. Abdul , Tiwari Sunil , Abedin Mohammad Zoynul , Jabbour Charbel Jose Chiappetta
Published: December 2023

The execution of constructive Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) is a critical tool for the Performance Management (PM) of the manufacturing industry to regulate operations. The companies rely on the PM strategies grounded on conventional KPIs assessment to achieve sustainability although the current dynamic manufacturing environment is undergoing complexities. The KPIs used in the past for PM are not mutually dependent, as they have not been adequately measured and updated to address emergency situations like the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly for the Leather Products Industry (LPI). Monitoring of plentiful KPIs is inconceivable and literature is also not available. Realizing these gaps, this study accumulates suggestions from a wide-ranging context of 25 experts’ feedback. Initially, a set of KPI was identified through literature review and experts survey. Later, employing a Pareto analysis, 15 KPIs were identified from 48 KPIs. Then the finalized KPIs investigated utilizing linguistic Z-digits and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) to find the “Cause-Effect” relationship. An industrial chronology is conferred to demonstrate the potency and functionality of the suggested method. The upshot signifies the “Target fulfillment within the delivery time during COVID-19” as the most important KPI for the studied case. The outcomes will assist the LPI managers to dictate crucial KPIs suitably and flourish the PM in attaining the goals and objectives.