bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
E-7 ülkelerinde sosyo-demografik faktörlerin sağlık harcamalarına etkisinin ekonometrik analizi
Authors: Tıraş Hacı Hayrettin , Özbek Sefa
Published: June 2021

Sağlık harcamaları bir taraftan insanların sağlık düzeyini yükseltirken diğer taraftan beşerî sermayeye yaptığı katkılarla gelişmeyi hızlandırmaktadır. İnsan sağlığının korunup geliştirilmesi, devamlılığının sağlanması ve var olan hastalıklarının tedavisi için yapılan tüm harcamalar sağlık harcamaları olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı 1995-2018 döneminde E-7 ülkelerinde (Brezilya, Meksika, Hindistan, Çin, Endonezya, Türkiye ve Rusya) sağlık harcamalarına etki eden faktörlerin analiz edilmesidir. Çalışmada bağımlı değişken olarak kişi başı sağlık harcaması kullanılırken doğuşta yaşam beklentisi, kentleşme, işsizlik ve 65 yaş ve üstü nüfusun oranı bağımsız değişkenleri oluşturmaktadır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi test etmek için çoklu yapısal kırılmalara izin veren ve yatay kesit bağımlılığını dikkate alan Westerlund (2006) panel eş bütünleşme testi kullanılmıştır. Eşbütünleşme katsayıları, heterojeniteyi ve kesitler arası bağımlılığı dikkate alan Eberhardt & Bond (2009) tarafından geliştirilen Augmented Mean Group (AMG) tahmicisi ile elde edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda, E-7 ülkelerinde sağlık harcamalarına etki eden en önemli faktörlerin doğuşta yaşam beklentisi ve işsizlik olduğu, kentleşme ve 65 yaş ve üzeri nüfusun oranının herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Doğuşta yaşam beklentisinin %1artması sağlık harcamalarında yaklaşık %15 artışa, işsizlik oranın %1 artması ise sağlık harcamalarında yaklaşık %0,4 düşüşe neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca, bağımsız değişkenlerde meydana gelen bir değişikliğin sağlık harcamaları üzerindeki etkisi E-7 ülkelerinin her birinde farklılıklar göstermektedir.
Üçüncü boyutta üretmek: Bir mimari tasarım stüdyosu örneği
Authors: Sönmez Filiz
Published: June 2021

Mimarlık tarihi boyunca maketle ifade yöntemi en önemli araçlardan biri olarak kullanılagelmiştir. Mimari nesnenin zihindeki soyut temsili, maket aracılığıyla duyularla algılanabilen somut bir hale geçerek deneyimlenebilmektedir. Özellikle iki boyutlu tasarım araçlarına destek olarak gelişen maket, günümüzde tasarım eğitiminde yaratıcı bir ifade biçimi alarak tasarım fikrinin üretilmesinde etkili rol oynayan bir öğrenme aracıdır. Mimarlık eğitiminde maket çalışmaları, yaparak öğrenilen mimarlık bilgisinin üretildiği, paylaşıldığı ve son olarak da biçimlendirildiği dinamik bir süreci kapsamaktadır. Dolayısıyla maketin, mimarlık eğitiminde “bir tasarım, uygulama ve sunum aracı” olarak önemli bir rolü bulunmaktadır. Son yıllarda maketin mimarlık eğitimindeki yerinin, değişen tasarım yaklaşımları ve ortaya çıkan yeni mimari temsil araçları ile birlikte dönüşüm geçirdiğini söylemek mümkündür. Özellikle bilgisayar simülasyonlarıyla birlikte maketin sunum aracı olarak önemi azalmış olmasına rağmen, bir tasarım ve uygulama aracı olarak kullanımı halen önemini korumaktadır.Bu çalışmanın amacı, mimarlık eğitiminde maketle üretmenin önemini vurgulamak ve bir tasarım aracı olarak nasıl işlevlendiğini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada örnek olay incelemesi kapsamında Erciyes Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi öğrencilerinin “Mimari Tasarım III” stüdyosunda (2015) ürettiği öğrenci projeleri ele alınmıştır. Proje süreci değerlendirildiğinde, temel bulgu “süreç odaklı tasarım anlayışı” çerçevesinde öğrencilerin maketi bir üretim yöntemi olarak kullanıp arazi analizinden başlayarak üç boyutlu hacimsel niteliği ve topoğrafyası ile ilişkisi içinde düşünmeyi öğrenmeleridir. Bu öğrenimle birlikte proje üretme biçimleri ve yöntemleri iki boyutlu üretimlerden farklılaşmaktadır.Sonuç olarak tasarım sürecinin en başında maket yaparak araziyi tanımak ve potansiyellerini belirleyerek tasarımı üçüncü boyutta algılamak, mimarlık eğitimini zenginleştirdiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu ifadeden yola çıkarak stüdyoda üç boyutlu yaparak düşünme ve üretimin, öğrencilere tasarımın bilgi alanı ile yüzleşme açısından katkı sağlayacağı ortaya konulmuştur.
Crise ambiental: Evidências e iminências
Authors: Zanetti Pessôa Candiotto Luciano
Published: June 2021

Editorial referente ao Número 1 do Volume 3
Borderless Firms e a configuração global do empreendimento: estudo de caso
Authors: Fonseca Luíza da , Rocha Angela da
Published: June 2021

RESUMO
O artigo analisa um tipo emergente de novo empreendimento internacional, a Borderless Firm (BF), com base em estudo de caso de uma jovem empresa empreendedora brasileira que se enquadra nas características distintivas deste tipo de empresa. Investigou-se como ocorreu o processo de estabelecimento de cada uma das atividades coordenadas internacionalmente, buscando entender as motivações dos empreendedores e a relevância das redes de relacionamento em sua trajetória. O caso contribui para corroborar certos aspectos desta nova concepção de firma empreendedora internacional, identificando a diversidade de motivos que influenciam as decisões de internacionalização de uma BF, a alternância entre as lógicas de controle e causalidade que parecem guiar esse processo e a importância das redes de relacionamento. No que se refere às redes de relacionamento, evidencia-se não só o uso de redes pré-existentes à concepção da empresa, mas também o processo de construção de novos relacionamentos necessários à configuração global da cadeia de valor da empresa, pautada na coordenação de atividades geograficamente dispersas.
Palavras-chave: INV; Empresa sem Fronteiras; Cadeia de Valor Global; Internacionalização.
“A rede social”: uma análise fílmica do comportamento empreendedor em estudantes universitários
Authors: Gomes Marília Lima Ferreira , Machado Diego de Queiroz , Reinaldo Hugo Osvaldo Acosta , Guimarães Daniel Barboza , Silva Luís Matheus Tavares
Published: June 2021

RESUMO
A presente pesquisa tem como tema o empreendedorismo universitário, cujo objetivo principal é analisar as características do comportamento empreendedor universitário dos personagens principais do filme “A Rede Social”. Para isto, estabeleceram-se os seguintes objetivos específicos: Identificar as principais características empreendedoras presentes nos personagens principais do filme “A Rede Social”; Traçar o perfil empreendedor dos personagens; Comparar os perfis empreendedores dos personagens principais na perspectiva das características de perfil do empreendedor universitário. A técnica de análise de dados seguiu a narrativa do filme, observando o comportamento de cada personagem, identificando as características do empreendedorismo universitário encontradas ao longo do referencial teórico e classificando cada personagem de acordo com as características de perfil do empreendedor universitário. Dentre os dois personagens analisados, um deles apresentou todas as características empreendedoras propostas de forma significativa, e o outro apresentou apenas algumas delas e de forma menos expressiva, demonstrando que não existe um padrão de comportamento no empreendedorismo universitário, e que podem existir diferentes perfis empreendedores a depender da atitude do empreendedor.
Palavras-chave: Empreendedorismo universitário. Características empreendedoras. Análise fílmica.
Processo de formação estratégica como ferramenta de gestão: análise do processo organizacional das pequenas empresas
Authors: Silva Rosângela Sarmento , Ettinger Thais Oliveira Salgado , Silva Filho José Ribamar Tomaz da , Santos Juliana Moreira
Published: June 2021

Resumo
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar o processo de formação estratégica em micro e pequenas empresas, bem como, analisar as relações existentes entre o processo e o desempenho dessas, acima ou abaixo da média em relação aos seus concorrentes. Para tanto, este estudo descritivo de natureza quantitativa aplicou um questionário estruturado baseado nos estudos de Santos, Alves e Almeida (2007) junto aos gestores de 41 micro e pequenas empresas situadas no município de Goiânia (GO). Para tratamento dos dados auferidos na pesquisa de campo, foram empregadas as técnicas de regressão linear múltipla e análise discriminante. Os resultados indicam que as variáveis, tanto no modelo de regressão linear, quanto na análise discriminante, confirmam a afirmação de Alves et al., (2013) quanto a incapacidade das pequenas empresas para decisões estratégicas. Em complemento, verificou-se que nas pequenas empresas analisadas, a elaboração do planejamento estratégico não se dá por análises sistemáticas, mas sim por motivos ignorados pelos próprios gestores e por intuição dos empresários. Além disso, constatou-se que o desenvolvimento de estratégias exigiu mudanças nas competências e habilidades que as empresas possuem até então.

Palavras-chave: Estratégia. Pequenas e Médias Empresas. Planejamento Estratégico.
Covid-19’da Kullanılan İlaçların Hesapsal Çalışmaları
Authors: ALOĞLU Fatma , TURHAN Zeynep Şilan
Published: June 2021

Bu yazıda dünyayı etkisi altına alan Covid-19 hastalığının tedavisinde kullanılan ilaçların literatürde olan hesapsal çalışmaları bir araya getirilmiştir. Covid-19 için Favipiravir (F), Hidroksiklorokin (H) ve Oseltamivir (O) moleküllerin kombinasyon çalışmaları incelenmiştir. Oluşturulan kombinasyonlar F + H, F + O, H + O ve F + H + O şeklindedir. İki inhibitörün kombinasyonu arasında, F + H kombinasyonun iyi bağlanma afinitesi gösterdiğine ulaşılmıştır. Benzer şekilde, üç kombinasyon ilaç için F+H+O, ilgili protein ile bağlanma afinitesinde daha fazla önemli artış gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, moleküler yerleştirmenin sonuçları, kombinasyon ilacının daha güçlü bağlanma afinitesini doğrulayan çalışmalar elde edilmiştir.
Comentários ao julgamento da Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade 1.335: Decreto Estadual e Greve
Authors: Gonçalves Fernandes Felipe
Published: June 2021

O presente trabalho se debruça sobre o teor do julgamento da Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade 1.335/BA, no bojo da qual o Supremo Tribunal Federal reconheceu a constitucionalidade de Decreto estadual que estabelece medidas a serem tomadas pela Administração Pública em caso de deflagração de movimento grevista por parte dos servidores daquela unidade federativa. Realizamos, assim, análise tanto da validade formal quanto da validade material do Decreto, concluindo pela sua juridicidade, em tese, mas não sem a realização de algumas ressalvas no que tange às medidas impostas, em especial aquelas de cunho disciplinar.
La naturaleza y estructura de las teorías científicas
Authors: Moulines C. Ulises
Published: June 2021

En filosofía de la ciencia, dos cuestiones resultan centrales en la discusión acerca de la naturaleza de la ciencia empírica: 1) ¿qué es una teoría (científica)?, es decir, ¿cómo está constituida y cómo funciona? y 2) ¿cómo se relaciona una teoría con su correspondiente base experiencial? Para tratar estas dos cuestiones, la moderna filosofía de la ciencia ha desarrollado varios “modelos” (metateóricos) sobre la naturaleza y el funcionamiento de las teorías científicas. Algunos aspectos de estos modelos son ampliamente aceptados por la comunidad de filósofos de la ciencia, mientras que otros son todavía discutidos de manera bastante controvertida. En este trabajo, consideraremos ambos tipos de aspectos. En particular, analizaremos cómo se determina el significado de los conceptos teóricos, la construcción axiomática de una teoría científica, la idea de las concepciones sobre la construcción de modelos como puente entre la teoría y la experiencia, la tesis semántica holista de la ciencia, la cuestión acerca de la verdad de las teorías científicas y, finalmente, la estructura jerárquica de las teorías.
Evolution of the Web: from Web 1.0 to 4.0
Authors: Khaleel Ibrahim Asaad
Published: June 2021

The internet has become a vital component of the twenty-first century as technology has advanced. The number of new technologies emerging in tandem with the qualities supplied by the Internet is rapidly increasing. The World Wide Web (WWW), which is commonly referred to as the world's largest information environment, is a vital virtual environment in which internet users may trade, read, and publish information using a Web browser. Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and Web 3.0 technologies have all been seen and are still being observed in this review paper. However, there is no clear definition for Web 4.0, which is a 4th generation web technology, in the literature. Web 4.0 has multiple dimensions, as seen by the first examples that have appeared. Big data, augmented reality, machine-to-machine communication (M2M), cloud computing, and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, as well as smart agents, will be able to integrate in the future years. Web 4.0 is a web technology revolution that includes a new internet of things (IoT) that interacts with a variety of models. The goal of this study is to clarify the notion of Web 4.0, which is viewed as an intelligent and symbiotic (human-machine interaction) network with massive interfaces and linkages, as well as to contribute to the literature by studying its many dimensions and investigating its links with new generation technologies.
Fractional diffusion equation described by the Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative and its approximate solution
Authors: Sene Ndolane
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we propose the approximate solution of the fractional diffusion equation described by a non-singular fractional derivative. We use the Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo fractional derivative in our studies. The integral balance methods as the heat balance integral method introduced by Goodman and the double integral method developed by Hristov have been used for getting the approximate solution. In this paper, the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the fractional diffusion equation have been provided. We analyze the impact of the fractional operator in the diffusion process. We represent graphically the approximate solution of the fractional diffusion equation.
Análisis de la concentración del mercado del sector agrícola en el Ecuador. Período 2015 – 2019
Authors: Armijos Bravo Manuela
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo estudia la competencia del mercado del sector agrícola en el Ecuador, específicamente de los subgrupos correspondientes a:  A011 cultivo de plantas no perennes, y A012 cultivo de plantas perennes de la clasificación Industrial Internacional Uniforme para los años 2015 al 2019. En consiguiente, el objetivo que se plantea en el presente estudio es el de analizar la concentración del mercado del sector agrícola en el Ecuador empleando indicadores de concentración, tales como Cr4, Cr8, Herfindahl-Hirschman y número equivalente, para lo cual se ha utilizado las ventas netas en dólares reportadas por las empresas que operan en este sector, información que ha sido proporcionada por la Superintendencia de Compañías, Valores y Seguros del Ecuador para los años 2015-2019. Como principales conclusiones se puede mencionar que el mercado de los segmentos correspondientes a los cultivos de plantas no perennes, y cultivo de plantas perennes del 2015 al 2019 no se encuentra concentrado.
Levantamiento del taller dels Canets, siglos XIX-XX: la antigua fábrica de carruajes de madera San Antonio, Beneixama (Alicante, España)
Authors: Ortín Molina Sergio , Ortín Molina Miguel Ángel
Published: June 2021

El centenario taller ‘San Antonio’ acogió el auge industrial de un negocio familiar dedicado al oficio artesanal de construcción de carruajes, hoy desaparecido. Una actividad empresarial que se inició en 1860 y casi alcanzó a ver los albores del siglo XXI. El conjunto ha sido objeto de labores de conservación tan escasas que sus cubiertas amenazan ruina, comprometiendo la pervivencia del complejo fabril, abandonado desde su cierre. Casi 2.000 metros cuadrados de Historia industrial que languidecen a la espera de una intervención urgente. La publicación, pues, se inserta en una corriente de puesta en valor y recuperación del sitio patrimonial. El levantamiento se ha realizado con la finalidad esencial de capturar su estado actual, pudiendo servir de base para una futura y necesaria restauración. Ante la ausencia de los planos originales, anteriores a 1909, este trabajo constituye el único documento planimétrico que existe del edificio. Y se muestra en este artículo por vez primera.
Percepción de estudiantes universitarios sobre el pensamiento computacional
Authors: Pérez J.
Published: June 2021

El pensamiento computacional ha sido incorporado formalmente en el sistema educativo de varios países, sin embargo, no hay consenso sobre un marco conceptual para incorporar el pensamiento computacional en el currículo. Como etapa previa a la incorporación formal del pensamiento computacional en una asignatura de introducción a la programación a nivel universitario, el objetivo de esta investigación es develar la percepción de los estudiantes sobre el pensamiento computacional para obtener un marco de referencia. Esta investigación se llevó a cabo con un enfoque cualitativo de alcance descriptivo mediante entrevistas que estuvieron basadas en la escalera metacognitiva y fueron aplicadas a algunos informantes clave que aprobaron una asignatura de introducción a la programación con diferentes rendimientos: bajo, regular, y alto. El análisis de las entrevistas permitió develar la percepción de los estudiantes como un marco conceptual que incluye una definición, tres características, un procedimiento, y dos contextos principales de aplicación. La definición está orientada a la resolución de problemas y la ejecución de actividades. Las características están relacionadas con cuatro conceptos, dos formas de adquisición, y beneficios para la resolución de problemas. El procedimiento tiene seis pasos: comprensión de la situación, identificación de la dificultad, descomposición en las partes constituyentes, reconocimiento de patrones, selección de información relevante, y diseño y ejecución de un algoritmo. Los contextos principales de aplicación son la universidad y la vida cotidiana. Finalmente, la comparación con otros marcos conceptuales permitió concluir que los estudiantes tienen una percepción acertada del pensamiento computacional, pero en los términos básicos.
Sustainability of the build environment and its impact on user performance. Case study Polis University
Authors: Korançe Françeska
Published: June 2021

The built environment is important not only for its users and owners, but also for the community and society as a hole, and yet, construction is one of the most energy consuming, destructive, and moreover material consuming industries. Deficiencies with adaptability to meet changing needs in terms of sustainability in architecture can eventually cause needless costs, environmental pressure and dissatisfaction. The aim of this study is to explore whether the circular construction and sustainability of built environments is not only a matter of reducing environmental impacts and limiting the use of non-renewable resources, but it can be successfully used to enhance of environmental protection, social equity, and economic development of a facility. Furthermore, the study tries to understand whether we can use circularity principles not only for the building to be more sustainable and in line with circular economy principles, but also be used to enhance user performance, in this specific case the performance of student and academic staff. The study was applied to Polis University and its premises. Two survey formats were specifically designed to collect data on overall functionality and comfort of Polis University facilities, as well as data on academic staff and student self assessment performance. The study emphasizes the importance of the elements of sustainable built environment, and the care that designers and builders need to achieve what is called optimal comfort and functionality of each element, keeping in mind not only end users but also environmental, social and economical aspects as a fully accomplished sustainable architecture design.
Resilient connections
Authors: Rossi Adriana , Gonizzi Barsanti Sara
Published: June 2021

The paper presents Axis Strutture, patented by the authors, awarded with V:alere funds (VAnvitelli pER la ricErca 2020) for the establishment of an innovative start-up, now academic spin-off. It is based on the assemble of iron and wood with 'pins' (in Latin 'axis') threaded to ensure an economic profit in line with the Sustainable Development Goals, reviewing ancient technologies in the light of advanced research. The focus is on the structural connections of a construction system that clamps the steel frame elements with the wooden infill, allowing to assemble modular, prefabricated and flexible components customized on the design phase’s request. It provides effective emergency shelters assembled or dismantled as quickly as tents but more stable, healthier and comfortable. With a single star key, the steel uprights can be attested with wooden and similar tampons avoiding nails and screws which allows the total reuse of the components. The patented connections implement a new construction method promoting the self-construction of garden houses, leisure environments, bungalows, garages and quality housing modules, since they are resilient, resistant and with a controllable impact on the environment. The case study provides an opportunity to verify actions aimed at the implementation of Design for Adaptability strategies promoting virtuous life cycles that involves the entire community in sustainable models from an economic, environmental and social point of view.
Interview Benedetta Tagliabue
Authors: Palmero Iglesias Luis M. , Gilabert Sanz Salva
Published: June 2021

Benedetta Tagliabue studied architecture at the Istituto di Architettura di Venezia (IUAV) and currently acts as director of the international architecture firm Miralles Tagliabue EMBT, founded in 1994 in collaboration with Enric Miralles, based in Barcelona, Shanghai and Paris.
Glutathione supplementation in semen extender improves rabbit sperm attributes during refrigeration
Authors: Ahmad Ejaz , Naseer Zahid , Aksoy Melih
Published: June 2021

In the present study, we evaluated the sustaining effect of various glutathione (GSH) concentrations in extender on rabbit sperm attributes during storage at 5°C for 24 h. Semen was collected from regular donor rabbit bucks using an artificial vagina and initially evaluated for sperm quality. The qualifying ejaculates were diluted with one of the extenders having 0, 1, 2, 4 or 8 mM GSH, to achieve a final concentration of 1×108 sperm/mL. The extended samples were stored at 5°C for 24 h. Sperm motility, motion kinetics, acrosome integrity and viability were assessed after 3, 6, 12 and 24 h of storage. The results showed that total sperm motility and sperm motion kinetics (oscillation index of the sperm, straightness index and beat cross frequency) were influenced (P<0.05) by glutathione dose and refrigeration time. An interaction of (P<0.05) GSH concentrations and refrigeration time was observed for sperm viability and acrosome reaction rate. In conclusion, the 4 mM GSH supplemented extender’s protective influence was remarkable to maintainrabbit sperm quality for 24 h 5°C.
Teori Belajar Behavioristik Dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Sekolah Dasar Berdasarkan Kurikulum 2013
Authors: Mukhlesi Yeni Ety , Marisa Riandi
Published: June 2021

Kajian pustaka ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan lebih mendalam tentang teori belajar behavioristik dalam pembelajaran matematika di sekolah dasar berdasarkan kurikulum 2013. Teori behavioristik menjadi salah satu landasan teori belajar yang digunakan dalam merancang perangkat pembelajaran. Siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika menggunakan teori behavioristik sama halnya dengan membentuk pola pikir siswa melalui pemberian stimulus respon. Sesuai karakteristik siswa sekolah dasar yang membutuhkan stimulus untuk memahami konsep-konsep materi matematika. Berdasarkan kurikulum 2013 yang memiliki tujuan bahwa pembelajaran harus bermakna bagi siswa, yaitu siswa dapat menerapkan ilmu pengetahuan yang diperoleh dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Maka, guru diharapkan mampu memahami pengetahuan awal, serta sikap dan keterampilan siswa untuk menentukan tujuan pembelajaran yang tertuang dalam rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Lalu, merancang evaluasi formatif yang berguna sebagai umpan balik dari proses pembelajaran yang telah dilaksanakan serta memberikan motivasi dan semangat baru kepada peserta didik dalam rangka mewujudkan perubahan perilaku yang diinginkan.
Meta Analisis Upaya Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Pembelajaran Tematik Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Aminah Aminah
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar pembelajaran tematik siswa sekolah dasar melalui metode meta analisis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode desain meta analisis, yaitu kajian atas sejumlah hasil penelitian dalam masalah yang sejenis. Unit analisis dalam penelitian adalah dokumen tertulis tentang pembelajaran tematik berupa artikel yang diambil secara purposive berdasarkan kesesuaiannya dengan tema penelitian. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan human instrument. Setelah fokus penelitian menjadi jelas, dikembangkan instrumen penelitian sederhana yang dapat melengkapi data dan membandingkan data yang ditemukan sebelumnya. Populasi penelitian adalah dokumen tertulis, berupa buku, artikel jurnal, dan laporan penelitian. Sampel penelitian diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling, karena data yang ingin diperoleh ditentukan atas kesesuaiannya dengan tema penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis data kuantitatif dengan prosentase dan analisis data kualitatif untuk data hasil kajian naratif terhadap penelitian yang ditemui. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan penelitian, disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran tematik dapat diajarkan dengan berbagai model, strategi, dan media pembelajaran, sehingga dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa SD. Oleh karena itu, pembelajaran tematik yang dikemas dalam aktivitas pembelajaran taktik secara kognitif berperan dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir siswa, kemampuan pengambilan keputusan, serta transfer dalam sebuah permainan
Analyzing the Impact of Learning Rate in development of the Prediction Model using Artificial Neural Network
Authors:   Computer Science & Information Technology, Mahatma Jyotibha Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, U.P. India., Kumar Bisht Anil , Singh Ravendra ,   Computer Science & Information Technology, Mahatma Jyotibha Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, U.P. India., Bhutiani Rakesh ,   Deptt. Of Environment Science, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India., Bhatt Ashutosh ,   Deptt. Of Computer Science, Uttarakhand Open University, Uttarakhand, India.
Published: June 2021

Water Quality (WQ) modeling and forecasting are very challenging for water management bodies due to the complex and nonlinear relationship between the parameters responsible for determining water quality. The main focus of this paper is the water quality prediction of the Ganges River by analyzing the impact of one of the critical configuration parameters of a neural network known as the learning rate. The proposed prediction model based on an artificial neural network (ANN) consists of different sets of experiments performed by comparing twelve different training functions against the variation in learning rates. A total of 360 experiments have been conducted on the dataset collected over the period 2001 to 2015 with five stations along the Ganges River in the state of Uttarakhand, India. All experiments have been conducted in MATLAB software. The ANN-based program is written in Matlab’s NN-Toolbox. As input parameters, we have used temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and total coliform. The water quality standard set by the Central Pollution Control Board of India has been used. The performance of the developed model has been calculated based on Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Trail training function-based artificial neural network models indicate higher predictive accuracy when compared to other models developed using the remaining eleven training functions when the learning rate is set to 0.04. In conclusion, ANN has the ability to efficiently predict the water quality of rivers and the learning rate has a greater impact on the development of such predictive models. So, it is required to be tuned very carefully.
Pravni položaj žene u Dušanovom zakoniku sa posebnim osvrtom na vlastelinke
Authors: Stepić Đorđe
Published: June 2021

Dušan’s Code continues the earlier regulation of legal relations following the local legal tradition, paying a lot of attention to the legalization of social stratification: determining the legal position of different categories of the population in different ways. In addition to their social status, their sex also had a great influence on their position: through the regulation of the general position of the „poor spinner” and the procedural one of the „poor woman”, as well as through other provisions on the legal position of women. At the opposite end of the social spectrum are female members of the ruling class – the noblewomen. They are found especially in the matter of inheritance law, less so in criminal and other branches of law. In addition to the analysis of the rules that apply to them, the paper will also address the specifics of the application of other, „neutral” rules to the status of women in Dušan’s empire, as well as those concerning the „Lady Empress”, to which certain issues of public law are related. Finally, conclusions will be drawn on the legal status of (noble)women in the Serbian Empire, as well as their placement in the context of the rights of the Nemanjić Serbia.
Overview of Macrophytes in The Tropical Wetland Ecosystem
Authors: Abd Hamid Muzzalifah , Ismail Siti Norasikin , Mansor Mashhor
Published: June 2021

Macrophytes are plants that adapted to wet environment and easily be found all over the world. Macrophytes have structures that are more complex, interdependent and physically substantial; make them one of the important components of rivers, lakes and any other wetland ecosystems. Macrophytes can be categorized into four different types; emergent, floating-leaved, submerged and free-floating plants based on their structure and life form. Light, water current and wind flow are among the most important limiting factors of macrophytes occurrence in the water system. Environmental conditions such as lotic and lentic environment influence the limiting factors and would be the key for successful macrophytes distribution. Each macrophyte species could respond differently to different environmental circumstances. It also has been widely used as subject for biological indicator of ecosystem health. This paper aimed to describe the general environmental condition for macrophytes distribution, discuss their role and impact of excessive growth.
Irradiance Optimation for Growing Spirulina fusiformis: Biomass, Phycocyanin, and Protein Production
Authors: Satya Awalina , Chrismadha Tjandra , Satya Ika Atman
Published: June 2021

The optimization of cyanobacterium microalgae cultivation technology to provide the need for food or feedstocks has recently attracted many investigators. An optimum operation on microalgae cultivation is important to reduce the excessive workload on the aquatic environment. Therefore, this study describes how the varied irradiance (2000 lux, 4000 lux, 6000 lux, 8000 lux, and 10,000 lux) treatments on a bubble column photobioreactor system affected biomass production, phycocyanin, and protein from cyanobacterium Spirulina fusiformis. The objective of this study was to obtain the optimum irradiance for producing maximum biomass, phycocyanin, and protein simultaneously. The results demonstrated some findings those were: 1) irradiance 10,000 lux made doubling time of growth earliest (only 24 hours) while 2,000 lux doubled within five days later; 2) light response curve showed that the increase of biomass concentration was linear with the increasing of irradiance; 3) a predictive model (Response Surface Method) proof that the most optimum quantity of the biomass (0.58 ±0.035 gL-1 dry weight), chlorophyll-a (0.090 ±0.023 % dry weight), and phycocyanin (2.44 ±0.00 gL-1 dry weight) were obtained on 10,000 lux, while protein contents of 79.18±5.47 % dry weight attained on the irradiance of  6000 lux. The maximum productivity of the biomass, chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, and protein was ~Pbiomass of 24.95 mgL-1day-1; Pchl-a of 2.25E-02 mgL-1day-1; Pphycocyanin of 1.88E-02 mgL-1day-1; and Pprotein of 17.56 mgL-1day-1. Enhancement of irradiance up to 5 folds lead to the increasing of biomass chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, and protein productivity, attained to 1.7, 5.01, 4.13, and 2.81 folds, respectively. The irradiance had a significant influence on the production of the metabolites; therefore, the irradiance must be optimized.
Adesão à valores morais entre envolvidos em situações de bullying
Authors: Tognetta Luciene Regina Paulino , Oliveira Vitória Hellen Holanda , Bomfim Sanderli Aparecida Bicudo
Published: June 2021

Bullying é um fenômeno humano cujas manifestações em forma de humilhações e intimidações sistemáticas, repetitivas, intencionais e entre pares denotam sua complexidade. Do ponto de vista da Psicologia Moral, valores morais como respeito, justiça e solidariedade parecem estar comprometidos nessas situações violentas. Essa pesquisa tem como objetivos constatar a adesão a valores morais – o respeito, a justiça e a solidariedade – por adolescentes que se percebem autores, vítimas e espectadores em situações de bullying. A amostra, escolhida por conveniência, conta com a participação de 2.513 adolescentes de Ensino Fundamental II, de escolas públicas e particulares do Estado de São Paulo. Os resultados comprovam a hipótese inicial de que há diferenças nos modos de adesão a valores morais entre aqueles que se autoperceberem autores, vítimas ou espectadores desse fenômeno.
Docência na Educação Infantil: desafios diante de comportamentos agressivos das crianças
Authors: Euzébio Walquíria Souza , Luz Iza Rodrigues
Published: June 2021

Este artigo tem como foco as ações de professoras da Educação Infantil diante de comportamentos das crianças consideradas agressivas. O referencial teórico, que tem como principal autor a teoria de Winnicott sobre a agressividade, conjuga estudos da Educação e Psicanálise. A pesquisa foi realizada com 5 professoras da Educação Infantil e 36 crianças de uma Escola Municipal de Educação Infantil de Belo Horizonte/MG. Através da observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas identificamos que para as professoras os comportamentos agressivos das crianças eram ações como morder, bater, empurrar, gritar, fazer “birra”, dizer palavras hostis e/ou instigar o colega a agir/falar agressivamente. Como resposta a essas ações as professoras ameaçavam e castigavam as crianças. Argumentamos aqui, que reconhecer a agressividade como constitutiva é um dos possíveis caminhos para práticas de acolhimento às crianças.
Gestão pública no Sistema Penitenciário Paranaense: período de 2010-2014
Authors: Costa João Miguel Borro
Published: June 2021

O tema da pesquisa é o Sistema Prisional Paranaense com foco no período de 2010 a 2014, sendo essa uma das questões sociais mais complexas da realidade social do país, busca-se levantar a percepção dos Agentes Penitenciários, servidores responsáveis por exercer a vigilância e fazer cumprir as normas estabelecidas para o funcionamento do sistema penal, o que o coloca diretamente no ambiente de convivência e qualquer mudança ocorrido no ambiente deverá ser observado e relatado. Nesta perspectiva justifica-se a pesquisa considerando a realidade vivenciada no período em que o sistema vivenciou período tenso com motins e rebeliões. O Objetivo da pesquisa foi levantar a percepção dos Agentes Penitenciários em relação com ao Sistema Penitenciário Paranaense relacionando a gestão anterior com a 2010, em relação a possíveis mudanças no tratamento dos encarcerados, bem como, a gestão atual no que tange a percepção do tratamento dispensado aos funcionários do sistema penitenciário, incluso o encarcerado, atuando de forma a promover melhorias no sistema, visto que, impacta de forma direta com os resultados. A metodologia adotada foi de cunho exploratório, com abordagem qualiquantitativo na análise dos dados. A coleta foi realizada por meio de questionário objetivo no formato digital, como meio, mídia fechada, com uma amostra de 38 Agentes Penitenciários. O resultado da pesquisa evidenciou como sendo o maior problema no Sistema Penitenciário Paranaense a falta de efetivo.
Changes in the agrochemical and biological properties of the soil when applying various types and ratios of organic and mineral
Authors:   ООО ", Saakian Alexander ,   БАЛАНС ПРОФИ"
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the main approaches to assessing the stability of agrocenosis soils. It is revealed that the mechanisms of soil stability are embedded in the structure and nature of the connections between the biota and the abiotic parts of the system, as well as the intra-component and inter-component connections between them. It is established that the structure of the soil is the most important aspect of the stability of any agroecosystem, which persists when its conditions change. A basic model of integral stability of sod-podzolic light loamy soil and agricultural technologies for its provision are proposed. Keywords: SOIL, AGROCENOSIS, AGROECOSYSTEM, STABILITY, STABILITY, ELASTICITY, RECOVERABILITY, INERTIA, PLASTICITY
Diagnosis of congenital long QT interval syndrome in a 16-year old girl
Authors: Skuratova N. A. , Zaryankina A. I. , Kozlovsky A. A. , Ivkina S. S.
Published: June 2021

The article presents a clinical case of a 16-year-old girl with clinical manifestations of congenital long QT interval syndrome in the form of syncope which were primarily diagnosed as epileptic syndrome for which the patient was taking anticonvulsant drugs having qualities of secondary prolongation of QT interval. At the same time, the data of family anamnesis (sudden death of the mother at a young age) in combination with typical manifestations of disease and electrocardiographic signs (prolonged QT interval measured from the standard electrocardiogram, paroxysms of spindle-shaped ventricular tachycardia accompanied with syncope conditions) made it possible to diagnose congenital long QT interval syndrome and implant an electric cardiac pacemaker.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Manajemen Dalam Pengelolaan E-Komplain Layanan Laboratorium Universitas Nurul Jadid
Authors: Rahman M. Fadhilur , Syafiih M , Maulana Rahman Zidan Abdallah , Mawardi Imam , Romadhani Ahmad , Rahman Taufiqur
Published: June 2021

Laboratorium Komputer Universitas Nurul Jadidi menjadi tanggung jawab penuh Fakultas Teknik, pemanfaatan layanan laboratorium bagi mahasiswa teknik dan diluar Fakultas Teknik yang membutuhkan praktikum komputer. Penggunaan laboratorium diatur sesuai jadwal roster kuliah yang telah ditetapkan diawal perkuliahan pada setiap semesternya, sedangkan penggunaan ekstra akan disesuaikan diluar jadwal kuliah. Permasalahan yang terjadi adalah manajemen akan sulit menentukan jadwal tepat pagi pengguna laboratorium. Solusinya perlu adanya aplikasi yang mengatur penggunaaan serta kuluhan dari mahasiswa dan dosen, aplikasi tersebut akan mengakomodir semua kebutuhan dan keluhan yang ada di laboratorium komputer Fakultas Teknik. Agar manajemen paham menggunakan aplikasi perlu adanya pelatihan tujuannya agar mudah memahami penggunaan aplikasi e-komplain. Metode yang digunakan adalah Longitudinal Method merupakan metode untuk menentukan dan mengukur data secara berulang untuk satu atau beberapa variable. Hasilnya adalah aplikasi e-komplain yang sudah siap digunakan oleh Fakultas Teknik Universitas Nurul Jadid.
Prevalencia del hipogonadismo entre hombres infectados con VIH y su relación con los niveles de CD4: Evidencia desde Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Rodríguez Ibarra Fernando Rafael , Castillo Ixsoon Alberto , Borrero Párraga Patricia Lisseth , Marcillo Pin Tatiana Carolina
Published: June 2021

Introducción: Para el 2017 alrededor de 36.9 millones de personas eran portadoras del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), de las cuales, solo 21.7 millones recibían terapia antirretrovírica. Varias investigaciones exploratorias evidencian una alta tasa de incidencia de hipogonadismo en pacientes con VIH, observando cierta relación entre los niveles de CD4 y testosterona. Este trabajo investiga el impacto de los niveles de células CD4 sobre la posibilidad de ser diagnosticado con hipogonadismo en hombres infectados con VIH.
Materiales y Métodos: Se estimó un modelo Logit en el que la variable dependiente toma valores de 1 cuando el sujeto de muestra es diagnosticado con hipogonadismo y 0 para el caso contrario. Adicionalmente se incluyeron al modelo variables como la edad y los niveles de hormonas LH y FSH.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 114 hombres con VIH, con edad media de 35 años, de los cuales, el 6% padecía de hipogonadismo. Además, presentaron una media de niveles de testosterona de 274.45 ng/dl, de recuento de células CD4 de 376.04 c/mm3, y de LH y FSH de 5.89 mIU/ml y 5.68 mIU/ml, respectivamente.
Conclusiones: Se evidenció la ausencia de un impacto estadísticamente significativo de los niveles de células CD4 sobre la posibilidad de contraer hipogonadismo en los hombres con VIH.  Además, al evaluar si la edad de los participantes tiene algún efecto sobre la presencia de la enfermedad, se halló que este factor tampoco tiene relevancia.
ÇELİK LİFLİ KENDİLİĞİNDEN YERLEŞEN BETON HAKKINDA İNCELEME
Authors: CAFEROĞLU Yavuz Selim
Published: June 2021

Gelişen teknoloji ile paralel olarak inşaat sektörü de gelişim göstermektedir. Günümüz dünyasında gerek temini gerekse maliyetler açısından uygun oluşu ve çelik malzemesi ile birlikte kullanıldığı taktirde istenen dayanımlara ulaşması açısından beton en çok kullanılan yapı malzemesi olmuştur. Betonun inşaat sektöründe en çok kullanılan yapı malzemesi olduğu göz önüne alındığında inşaat sektöründe ki gelişmeler ve farklı ihtiyaçların ortaya çıkması ile birlikte farklı tip betonlar üretilmeye başlamıştır.

Bu çalışmada Çelik Lifli Kendiliğinden Yerleşen Beton un özellikleri, artı ve eksi yönleri anlatılmış, Çelik Lifli Kendiliğinden Yerleşen Beton üzerinde daha önce yapılmış çeşitli deneylerin sonuçları üzerinde durulmuştur. Sonuç olarak Çelik Lifli Kendiliğinden Yerleşen Beton üzerinde yapılan kıvam deneyleri sonucunda işlenebilirlik açısından çelik liflerin kendiliğinden yerleşen betonun işlenebilirlik oranlarını düşürdüğü fakat düşen bu işlenebilirliğin akışkanlaştırıcı miktarında artışa gidilerek istenen oranlara getirilebileceği gözlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte yapılan basınç deneyleri sonucunda çelik lifli kediliğinden yerleşen betonun çelik lif kullanılmayan kendiliğinden yerleşene betona oranla maksimum taşıma kapasitelerinin gözle görülür derecede arttığı gözlenmiştir.
PENURUNAN RASA HAUS DENGAN PERMEN KARET PADA PASIEN GGK YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISA
Authors: Hasibuan Zakiyah
Published: June 2021

Terapi hemodialisa merupakan salah satu cara penderita GGK untuk bisa bertahan hidup dan harus mempertahankan pembatasan asupan cairan. Pembatasan cairan menimbulkan keluhan rasa haus. Strategi mengurangi rasa haus adalah pemberian permen karet yang kemudian terjadinya stimulasi kelenjar saliva yang menyebabkan produksi saliva meningkat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penurunan rasa haus dengan permen karet pada pasien GGK yang menjalani hemodialisa. Jenis penelitian menggunakan Quasy ekspriment dengan desain one group pretest postest. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh pasien GGK yang menjalani hemodialisa sebanyak 43 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 20 orang. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar kuisioner. Analisa data dilakukan dengan analisa univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji wilcoxon  test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum intervensi mayoritas rasa haus sedang sebanyak 10 orang, dan sesudah intervensi mayoritas rasa haus ringan sebanyak 13 orang. Hasil analisa data menunjukkan nilai pvalue sebesar 0,001 (<0,05) dengan (SD = 6.343). Kesimpulan penelitian ini terdapat penurunan rasa haus dengan permen karet pada pasien GGK yang menjalani hemodialisa. Diharapkan penelitian ini menjadi sumber informasi bagi Pasien GGK yang menjalani hemodialisa dan pihak rumah sakit tentang manfaat pemberian permen karet dan sebagai salah satu terapi untuk menurunkan rasa haus pada pasien GGK yang menjalani hemodialisa.
SOME ISSUES OF THE HISTORY OF FOREST USE IN THE STEPPE LAND OF KAZAKHSTAN (II-half of the 19th - early 20th centuries)
Authors:   Doctor of History, Professor at Astana IT University, Shayakhmetov N.U.
Published: June 2021

Forests and woodlands of the steppe region of Kazakhstan are an important element of the agrarian landscape of this region. The colonial agrarian policy of the Russian Empire in Kazakhstan was carried out not only through the mass resettlement of peasants and the seizure of fertile land, but also the seizure of forests and forest lands of Kazakh lands. According to the Steppe Regulations of 1891, forests and forest lands in the Kazakh steppe were declared the state property of the Russian Empire. In the process of implementing the agrarian colonial policy, the forest lands of the steppe regions became objects of commercial production. These factors became a prerequisite for a change in the agrarian landscape and a crisis in the ecosystem of the steppe regions in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries
KAZAKH DIASPORA AND KAZAKH CULTURAL CENTERS
Authors:   South Kazakhstan state pedagogical university, associate professor,Shymkent, Issabek B.K , Kozgambayeva G.B. ,   al-Farabi Kazakh National University,Almaty
Published: June 2021

The article contains the culture and life of the Kazakh diaspora living in the countries of near and far abroad, that is, in various countries of the political and economic structure. Due to the different policies pursued under the white and red empires, our compatriots. who were forced to leave their homeland today live in different parts of the world. Among them there are those who have moved due to social crises, by the will of fate, and there are also people who have made a choice on the issues of conscious learning, work, etc. The laws of moving representatives of the Kazakh diaspora to their homeland, providing them with social support, and acquiring citizenship of the Republic have been resolved Kazakhstan and others. Today there are Kazakh cultural centers abroad that unite the Kazakh diaspora on various issues. Kazakh cultural centers work in close contact with the World Association of Kazakhs and the Otandastar Foundation. Some of the works carried out in the unity of the Kazakh cultural society and association and the "Otandastar Foundation" in solving urgent problems of the Kazakh diaspora are presented in the article.
PARTICIPATION OF THE KOMSOMOL AND YOUTH OF THE TATAR ASSR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF VIRGIN LANDS IN THE 1950s (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE ARCHIVE OF NUR-SULTAN)
Authors:   doctor of history, professorof humanitarian disciplines of the «Astana» UniversityNur Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, е-mail: mazhitova_69@mail.ru, Mazhitova Zh.S. , Zhalmurzina A.Zh. ,   lecturer in social Sciences and Humanities University «Astana medical University»
Published: June 2021

Based on archival documents of the state archive of Nur-Sultan, the author examines the history of the creation and development of student and youth teams that arrived to conquer virgin lands in Kazakhstan from the Tatar ASSR, assesses the role of the squad movement, the importance of competitions between youth teams in raising virgin land. It is concluded that with the development of the student and youth movement, it is formed as a special institution that was engaged not only in the organization of economic work, but also in public education.