bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMAGINING A BETTER WORLD:
Authors: Bonnette-Bailey Lakeyta M. , Block Ray , McClerking Harwood K.
Published: April 2019

Despite a recent increase in research on its sociopolitical implications, many questions regarding rap music’s influence on mass-level participation remain unanswered. We consider the possibility that “imagining a better world” (measured here as the degree to which young African Americans are critical of the music’s negative messages) can correlate with a desire to “build a better world” (operationalized as an individual’s level of political participation). Evidence from the Black Youth Project (BYP)’s Youth Culture Survey (Cohen 2005) demonstrates that rap critique exerts a conditional impact on non-voting forms of activism. Rap critique enhances heavy consumers’ civic engagement, but this relationship does not occur among Blacks who consume the music infrequently. By demonstrating rap’s politicizing power and contradicting certain criticisms of Hip Hop culture, our research celebrates the possibilities of Black youth and Black music.
Is Apostasy Heritable? A Behavior Genetics Study
Authors: Freeman Jason A.
Published: April 2019

The present study explores whether genetic factors explain variation in the levels of apostasy — defined as a disengagement from religious belief, identity and/or practice — in a US-based sample during the transition from adolescence to early adulthood. I posit that genetic factors at least partially explain the variance of three measures of apostasy: disengagement from religious institutions, cessation of prayer and religious disaffiliation. I argue that genetic factors associated with risk-taking behaviors, externalizing behaviors and/or correlates of apostasy may all influence the likelihood of becoming an apostate during the transition from adolescence to early adulthood in the USA. Results reveal that genetic factors explain approximately 34% of the variance in cessation of prayer and 75% of the variance in religious disaffiliation. However, genetic factors do not influence disengagement from religious institutions. This study advances our knowledge of the etiology of apostasy and highlights the need to incorporate genetic data into social scientific research.
Evaluation of cover crop sensitivity to residual herbicides applied in the previous soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] crop
Authors: Whalen Derek M. , Bish Mandy D. , Young Bryan G. , Hager Aaron G. , Conley Shawn P. , Reynolds Daniel B. , Steckel Lawrence E. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Bradley Kevin W.
Published: April 2019

In recent years, the use of cover crops has increased in U.S. crop production systems. An important aspect of successful cover crop establishment is the preceding crop and herbicide program, because some herbicides have the potential to persist in the soil for several months. Few studies have been conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of cover crops to common residual herbicides used in soybean production. The same field experiment was conducted in 2016 in Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Tennessee, and Wisconsin, and repeated in Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Mississippi, and Missouri in 2017 to evaluate the potential of residual soybean herbicides to carryover and reduce cover crop establishment. Herbicides applied during the soybean growing season included acetochlor; acetochlor plus fomesafen; chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron; fomesafen; fomesafen plus S-metolachlor followed by acetochlor; imazethapyr; pyroxasulfone; S-metolachlor; S-metolachlor plus fomesafen; sulfentrazone plus S-metolachlor; sulfentrazone plus S-metolachlor followed by fomesafen plus S-metolachlor; and sulfentrazone plus S-metolachlor followed by fomesafen plus S-metolachlor followed by acetochlor. Across all herbicide treatments, the sensitivity of cover crops to herbicide residues in the fall, from greatest to least, was forage radish = turnip > annual ryegrass = winter oat = triticale > cereal rye = Austrian winter pea = hairy vetch = wheat > crimson clover. Fomesafen (applied 21 and 42 days after planting [(DAP]); chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron and pyroxasulfone applied 42 DAP; sulfentrazone plus S-metolachlor followed by fomesafen plus S-metolachlor; and sulfentrazone plus S-metolachlor followed by fomesafen plus S-metolachlor followed by acetochlor caused the highest visual ground cover reduction to cover crop species at the fall rating. Study results indicate cover crops are most at risk when following herbicide applications in soybean containing certain active ingredients such as fomesafen, but overall there is a fairly low risk of cover crop injury from residual soybean herbicides applied in the previous soybean crop.
Alpha lipoic acid supplementation improved antioxidant enzyme activities in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Mahdavi Reza , khabbazi Tannaz , Safa Javid
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death in hemodialysis (HD) patients and oxidative stress is an important risk factor for CVD. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) are primary antioxidant enzymes in human cells acting against toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their reduced activity may contribute to oxidative disorders in HD patients. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) as a potent strong antioxidant may affect these enzymes. Objective: We examined the effects of ALA supplementation on antioxidant enzyme activities in HD patients. Method: In this double-blinded, randomized clinical trial, 63 HD patients (43 males and 20 females; age range: 22–79 years) were assigned into the ALA group (n: 31), receiving a daily dose of ALA (600 mg), or a control group (n: 32), receiving placebo for 8 weeks. Body mass index (BMI), antioxidant enzymes, albumin (Alb) and hemoglobin (Hb) were determined before and after intervention.

Results: At baseline, the mean blood activities of SOD, GPx, and CAT in ALA group were 1032±366, 18.9±5.09 and 191±82.7 U/gHb which increased at the end of study to 1149±502, 19.1±7.19 and 208±86.6 U/gHb respectively. However, only the increase of SOD was statistically significant in comparison with placebo group (P = 0.04). The mean levels of Alb, Hb, weight and BMI were not significantly changed in study groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: ALA may be beneficial for HD patients by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes; however, further studies are needed to achieve precise results.
The Intense Substorm Incidence in Response to Interplanetary Shock Impacts and Influence on Energetic Electron Fluxes at Geosynchronous Orbit
Authors: Ma X.‐H. , Zong Q.‐G. , Liu Ying
Published: April 2019

The interaction between interplanetary (IP) shocks and the Earth's magnetosphere would generate/excite various types of geomagnetic phenomena. In order to analyze what kind of IP shock is more likely to trigger intense substorms (SME/AE > 1,000 nT) and how the energetic electrons response to intense substorms at geosynchronous orbit, we perform a systematic survey of 246 IP shock events using SuperMag and LANL observations between 2001 and 2013. The statistical analysis shows that intense substorms (SME > 1,000 nT) triggered by IP shocks are most likely to occur under the southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and fast solar wind preconditions. Besides, intense substorms after the IP shock arrival are much more likely to occur when IMF points toward (away from) the Sun around spring (autumn) equinox, which can be ascribed to the Russell‐McPherron effect. Thus, the IMF Bs precondition of an IP shock and the Russell‐McPherron effect can be considered as precursors of an intense substorm. Furthermore, after the shock arrival associated with intense substorms, low‐energy (<200 keV) electron fluxes increase significantly at geosynchronous orbit, and high‐energy (>200 keV) electron fluxes decrease. The spectral index becomes softer with intense substorms and remains almost unchanged with moderate substorms no matter whether the IMF precondition is southward or northward.
Detailed Structure and Plate Reconstructions of the Central Indian Ocean Between 83.0 and 42.5 Ma (Chrons 34 and 20)
Authors: Yatheesh V. , Dyment J. , Bhattacharya G. C. , Royer J. Y. , Kamesh Raju K. A. , Ramprasad T. , Chaubey A. K. , Patriat P. , Srinivas K. , Choi Y.
Published: April 2019

The Central Indian Ocean, namely the Central Indian, Crozet, and Madagascar basins, formed by rifting and subsequent drifting of India (now Capricorn), Antarctica, and Africa (now Somalia). We gathered a comprehensive set of sea surface magnetic anomaly profiles over these basins and revisited location and identification of magnetic isochrons between C34ny (83.0 Ma) and C20ny (42.536 Ma) using the objective analytic signal technique. We present high‐resolution magnetic isochrons for 29 periods based on ~1,400 magnetic anomaly picks. From the conjugate sets of picks, we derive two‐plate finite rotation parameters for both the Capricorn‐Antarctica and Capricorn‐Somalia motions. These finite rotations are compared to three‐plate reconstructions of the plate boundaries between the Capricorn, Antarctica, and Somalia plates, constrained by the closure of the Indian Ocean Triple junction. In general, the three‐plate reconstructions slightly overrotate the reconstructed isochrons with respect to the Capricorn‐Antarctica and Capricorn‐Somalia two‐plate reconstructions. Conversely, the two‐plate reconstructions for Somalia‐Antarctica slightly underrotate the isochrons compared to the Capricorn‐Antarctica‐Somalia three‐plate reconstructions. We suspect that the discrepancies between the two‐plate and three‐plate methods result from the recent seafloor deformation in the Capricorn‐India diffuse plate boundary and/or from the contrasted nature and geometry of magnetic isochrons at different spreading rates (i.e., magnetic structure of the three spreading centers). Three‐plate reconstructions better constrain the closure of the triple junction but spread any misfit among all three plate boundaries. When enough quality data are available, two‐plate reconstructions may lead to more realistic plate motion estimates from which additional geological problems can be identified and solved.
How Do Intergranular Particles Affect the Flow of Ice?
Authors: Cook Terri
Published: April 2019

Laboratory experiments that indicate rock particles can impede sliding along grain boundaries in ice may help researchers more accurately determine the composition of planetary ice masses.
Satellite Imagery Reveals Plastic Garbage in the Ocean
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: April 2019

Using high-resolution satellite data, scientists pinpoint discarded plastics floating off the coasts of Canada and Scotland.
Physical and Statistical Behavior of Multifault Earthquakes: Darfield Earthquake Case Study, New Zealand
Authors: Quigley M. C. , Jiménez A. , Duffy B. , King T. R.
Published: April 2019

We use Coulomb stress change (CSC) analyses and seismicity data to model the physical and statistical behavior of the multifault source of the 4 September 2010 Mw 7.1 Darfield earthquake in New Zealand. Geodetic and seismologic data indicate this earthquake initiated on a severely misoriented reverse fault and propagated across a structurally complex fault network including optimally oriented faults. The observed rupture sequence is most successfully modeled if maximum CSC imposed by rupture of the hypocentral fault on to receiver faults exceeds theoretical threshold values of 1 to 5 MPa that are assigned based on fault slip tendency and stress drop analyses. CSC modeling using the same criteria but initiating the earthquake on other faults in the network results in a multifault rupture cascade for five of seven scenarios. Analysis of earthquake frequency‐magnitude distributions indicates that a Gutenberg‐Richter frequency‐magnitude distribution for the near‐source region cannot be rejected in favor of a characteristic earthquake distribution. However, characteristic behavior is more favored probabilistically because ruptures initiating on individual source faults in the system are statistically more likely to cascade into multifault ruptures with larger amalgamated Mw (Mwmax = 7.1) than to remain confined to the hypocentral source fault (Mw = 6.3 to 6.8). Our favored hypothesis is that system rupture behavior is regulated by misoriented faults that occupy critical geometric positions within the network, as previously proposed for the 2010 El Mayor‐Cucapah earthquake in Baja California. Other fault networks globally may exhibit similar physical and statistical behaviors.
Different Cooperation of the Arctic Oscillation and the Madden‐Julian Oscillation in the East Asian Cold Events During Early and Late Winter
Authors: Song Lei , Wu Renguang
Published: April 2019

Previous studies indicated that boreal winter cold events over East Asia are related to the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) convection situating over the tropical Indian Ocean (commonly known as MJO phases 2–3). The present study identified that more than 70% of intraseasonal cold events over eastern China are associated with the MJO phases 2–3 in early winter (November–December) but less than 50% of the cold events are linked to MJO phases 2–3 in late winter (February–March). This difference is related to a change in the connection between the MJO and the Arctic Oscillation (AO) from early winter to late winter. In early winter, MJO phases 2–3 related cold events over eastern China are related to a midlatitude Rossby wave train triggered by negative AO, as MJO phases 2–3 tend to follow negative AO. In late winter, the connection between the MJO and the AO is weak, which leads to a weakened relationship between MJO phases 2–3 and cold events. The weakened connection between the MJO and the AO in late winter is caused by the weakened meridional heat fluxes and their weakened constructive interference with climatological stationary waves and a decrease in the poleward propagation of tropospheric eddy momentum and heat fluxes over the western Pacific.
Freshwater microalgae (Schizochytrium sp.) as a substitute to fish oil for shrimp feed
Authors: Allen Kristy M. , Habte-Tsion Habte-Michael , Thompson Kenneth R. , Filer Keith , Tidwell James H. , Kumar Vikas
Published: April 2019

Micro-algae, Schizochytrium sp., is rich source of docosahexaenoic acid, DHA (66%-lipid with 27%-DHA). Eight nutritionally balanced-diets were formulated: diet 1 (control) consisted of only fish oil (FO); diets 2 and 3 had increasing amounts of algae-meal and soybean oil (SBO) at the expense of FO; diet 4 consisted of a combination of algae meal (37-g/kg), SBO (21-g/kg), and linseed oil (LSO) at 4-g/kg each; diet 5 had microalgae meal at 50-g/kg and equal amounts of LSO and SBO at 8-g/kg; diets 6 and 7 contained equal amounts of algae-meal at 62-g/kg, but with LSO or SBO added at 8-mg/g, respectively; diet 8 contained only algae-meal at 75-mg/g. Growth and feeding efficiencies of L. vannamei were not significantly different among treatments. Fatty acid composition of muscle generally reflected that of the diet. The amount of muscle sub-epidermal adipose tissue was significantly higher for shrimp fed diets 3 and 7, while intestinal lipase was significantly higher in shrimp fed diets 7 and 8. Muscle lipid peroxidation was unaffected by the dietary treatments, although antioxidant activities were significantly higher in shrimp fed diet 7 compared to those fed diet 1. Overall algal-meal can completely replace the FO in shrimp feed.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals differences in the regulation of amino acid metabolism in asexual and sexual planarians
Authors: Sekii Kiyono , Yorimoto Shunta , Okamoto Hikaru , Nagao Nanna , Maezawa Takanobu , Matsui Yasuhisa , Yamaguchi Katsushi , Furukawa Ryohei , Shigenobu Shuji , Kobayashi Kazuya
Published: April 2019

Many flatworms can alternate between asexual and sexual reproduction. This is a powerful reproductive strategy enabling them to benefit from the features of the two reproductive modes, namely, rapid multiplication and genetic shuffling. The two reproductive modes are enabled by the presence of pluripotent adult stem cells (neoblasts), by generating any type of tissue in the asexual mode, and producing and maintaining germ cells in the sexual mode. In the current study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to compare the transcriptomes of two phenotypes of the planarian Dugesia ryukyuensis: an asexual OH strain and an experimentally sexualized OH strain. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed striking differences in amino acid metabolism in the two worm types. Further, the analysis identified serotonin as a new bioactive substance that induced the planarian ovary de novo in a postembryonic manner. These findings suggest that different metabolic states and physiological conditions evoked by sex-inducing substances likely modulate stem cell behavior, depending on their different function in the asexual and sexual reproductive modes. The combination of RNA-seq and a feeding assay in D. ryukyuensis is a powerful tool for studying the alternation of reproductive modes, disentangling the relationship between gene expression and chemical signaling molecules.
Antimicrobial agent susceptibilities of Legionella pneumophila MLVA-8 genotypes
Authors: Sharaby Yehonatan , Nitzan Orna , Brettar Ingrid , Höfle Manfred G. , Peretz Avi , Halpern Malka
Published: April 2019

Legionella pneumophila causes human lung infections resulting in severe pneumonia. High-resolution genotyping of L. pneumophila isolates can be achieved by multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA-8). Legionella infections in humans occur as a result of inhalation of bacteria-containing aerosols, thus, our aim was to study the antimicrobial susceptibilities of different MLVA-8 genotypes to ten commonly used antimicrobial agents in legionellosis therapy. Epidemiological cut-off values were determined for all antibiotics. Significant differences were found between the antimicrobial agents’ susceptibilities of the three studied environmental genotypes (Gt4, Gt6, and Gt15). Each genotype exhibited a significantly different susceptibility profile, with Gt4 strains (Sequence Type 1) significantly more resistant towards most studied antimicrobial agents. In contrast, Gt6 strains (also Sequence Type 1) were more susceptible to six of the ten studied antimicrobial agents compared to the other genotypes. Our findings show that environmental strains isolated from adjacent points of the same water system, exhibit distinct antimicrobial resistance profiles. These differences highlight the importance of susceptibility testing of Legionella strains. In Israel, the most extensively used macrolide for pneumonia is azithromycin. Our results point at the fact that clarithromycin (another macrolide) and trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole (SXT) were the most effective antimicrobial agents towards L. pneumophila strains. Moreover, legionellosis can be caused by multiple L. pneumophila genotypes, thus, the treatment approach should be the use of combined antibiotic therapy. Further studies are needed to evaluate specific antimicrobial combinations for legionellosis therapy.
Timing and periodicity of Phanerozoic marine biodiversity and environmental change
Authors: Roberts Gareth G. , Mannion Philip D.
Published: April 2019

We examine how the history of Phanerozoic marine biodiversity relates to environmental change. Our focus is on North America, which has a relatively densely sampled history. By transforming time series into the time-frequency domain using wavelets, histories of biodiversity are shown to be similar to sea level, temperature and oceanic chemistry at multiple timescales. Fluctuations in sea level play an important role in driving Phanerozoic biodiversity at timescales >50 Myr, and during finite intervals at shorter periods. Subsampled and transformed marine genera time series reinforce the idea that Permian-Triassic, Triassic-Jurassic, and Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinctions were geologically rapid, whereas the Ordovician-Silurian and Late Devonian ‘events’ were longer lived. High cross wavelet power indicates that biodiversity is most similar to environmental variables (sea level, plate fragmentation, δ18O, δ13C, δ34S and 87Sr/86Sr) at periods >200 Myr, when they are broadly in phase (i.e. no time lag). They are also similar at shorter periods for finite durations of time (e.g. during some mass extinctions). These results suggest that long timescale processes (e.g. plate kinematics) are the primary drivers of biodiversity, whilst processes with significant variability at shorter periods (e.g. glacio-eustasy, continental uplift and erosion, volcanism, asteroid impact) play a moderating role. Wavelet transforms are a useful approach for isolating information about times and frequencies of biological activity and commonalities with environmental variables.
Extending r/K selection with a maternal risk-management model that classifies animal species into divergent natural selection categories
Authors: Cassill Deby L.
Published: April 2019

Reproduction is a defining process of biological systems. Every generation, across all species, breeding females repopulate ecosystems with offspring. r/K selection was the first theory to classify animal species by linking the rates with which breeding females repopulated ecosystems, to the stability of ecosystems. Here, I introduce a species classification scheme that extends the reach of r-K selection and CSR selection by linking breeder investments in offspring quantity, quality, and diversity to specific natural selection pressures. The species classification scheme is predicated on the assumption that high rates of predation favor breeders that invest more in offspring quantity than quality; and that spatiotemporal scarcity favors breeders that investment more in offspring quality than quantity. I present equations that convert the species classification scheme into a maternal risk-management model. Thereafter, using the equations, I classify eighty-seven animal species into the model’s natural selection categories. Species of reptiles, fish, and marine invertebrates clustered in the predation selection category. Species of birds and mammals clustered in the scarcity selection category. Several species of apex predators clustered in the weak selection category. Several species of social insects and social mammals clustered in the convergent selection category. In summary, by acknowledging breeding females as the individuals upon which natural selection acts to repopulate ecosystems with offspring, the proposed maternal risk-management model offers a testable, theoretical framework for the field of ecology.
Network properties of salmonella epidemics
Authors: Cliff Oliver M. , Sintchenko Vitali , Sorrell Tania C. , Vadlamudi Kiranmayi , McLean Natalia , Prokopenko Mikhail
Published: April 2019

We examine non-typhoidal Salmonella (S. Typhimurium or STM) epidemics as complex systems, driven by evolution and interactions of diverse microbial strains, and focus on emergence of successful strains. Our findings challenge the established view that seasonal epidemics are associated with random sets of co-circulating STM genotypes. We use high-resolution molecular genotyping data comprising 17,107 STM isolates representing nine consecutive seasonal epidemics in Australia, genotyped by multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis (MLVA). From these data, we infer weighted undirected networks based on distances between the MLVA profiles, depicting epidemics as networks of individual bacterial strains. The network analysis demonstrated dichotomy in STM populations which split into two distinct genetic branches, with markedly different prevalences. This distinction revealed the emergence of dominant STM strains defined by their local network topological properties, such as centrality, while correlating the development of new epidemics with global network features, such as small-world propensity.
Size distributions of droplets produced by ultrasonic nebulizers
Authors: Kooij Stefan , Astefanei Alina , Corthals Garry L. , Bonn Daniel
Published: April 2019

In many applications where small, similar-sized droplets are needed, ultrasonic nebulizers are employed. Little is known about the mechanism of nebulization, for example about what determines the median droplet size. Even less understood, is the droplet size distribution, which is often simply fitted with a log-normal distribution or assumed to be very narrow. We perform the first systematic study of droplet size distributions for different nebulizer technologies, showing that these distributions can be very well fitted with distributions found for sprays, where the size distribution is completely determined by the corrugation of ligaments and the distribution of ligament sizes. In our case, breakup is believed to be due to pinch-off of Faraday instabilities. The droplet size distribution is then set by the distribution of wavelengths of the standing capillary waves and the roughness of the pinch-off ligaments. We show that different nebulizer technologies produce different size distributions, which we relate to (variation in) wavelengths of the waves that contribute to the droplet formation. We further show that the median droplet size scales with the capillary wavelength, with a proportionality constant that depends only slightly on the type of nebulizer, despite order-of-magnitude differences in other parameters.
CteG is a Chlamydia trachomatis effector protein that associates with the Golgi complex of infected host cells
Authors: Pais Sara V. , Key Charlotte E. , Borges Vítor , Pereira Inês S. , Gomes João Paulo , Fisher Derek J. , Mota Luís Jaime
Published: April 2019

Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterial pathogen causing ocular and genital infections in humans. C. trachomatis multiplies exclusively inside host cells within a characteristic vacuole, from where it manipulates host cells by injecting them with type III secretion effector proteins. Here, we identified CteG as the first C. trachomatiseffector associated with the Golgi. For this, C. trachomatis strains expressing candidate effectors fused to a double hemagglutinin (2HA) tag were constructed. Then, among these strains, immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that CteG-2HA was delivered into the cytoplasm of infected cells. Between 16–20 h post-infection, CteG-2HA mostly associated with the Golgi; however, CteG-2HA also appeared at the host cell plasma membrane, and at 30 or 40 h post-infection this was its predominant localization. This change in the main localization of CteG-2HA was independent of intact microfilaments or microtubules. Ectopic expression of different regions of CteG (656 amino acid residues) in uninfected cells revealed that its first 100 residues contain a Golgi targeting region. Although a C. trachomatis cteG mutant did not display a defect in intracellular multiplication, CteG induced a vacuolar protein sorting defect when expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This suggested that CteG might function by subverting host cell vesicular transport.
Comprehensive comparison of antioxidant properties of tinctures
Authors: Polak Justyna , Bartoszek Mariola , Bernat Roksana
Published: April 2019

Homemade tinctures, traditional Polish alcoholic beverages called “nalewkas” (similar to alcohol herbal tinctures), which antioxidant capacity have never been studied before, were characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. The antioxidant properties of nalewkas made according to homemade recipes were compared to commercially produced nalewkas. The impact of aging on antioxidant properties of nalewkas was investigated. The results showed that all of examined nalewkas exhibited strong antioxidant properties (antioxidant capacity TEACDPPH 466 μmol TE/100 mL – 11890 μmol TE/100 mL). It was found that the value of the antioxidant capacity corresponds to the total phenolic and aromatic proton content. The impact of the production method and the type of fruit used on the TEACDPPH value was also noted. The unripe walnuts with green husks has the highest value of the antioxidant capacity TEACDPPH (11890 µM/100 mL) not only for alcoholic beverages, but also among food products.
Beneficial effects of tea water extracts on the body weight and gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice fed with a high-fat diet
Authors: Liu Jianhui , Hao Wangjun , He Zouyan , Kwek Erika , Zhao Yimin , Zhu Hanyue , Liang Ning , Ma Ka Ying , Lei Lin , He Wen-Sen , Chen Zhen-Yu
Published: April 2019

Anti-obesity activity of tea water extracts is partially mediated by altering intestinal microbiota via suppressing production of LPS and promoting production of SCFAs.
Physicochemical and functional properties of a protein isolate from maca (Lepidium meyenii) and the secondary structure and immunomodulatory activity of its major protein component
Authors: Wu Liying , Zhang Mengmeng , Xin Xuan , Lai Furao , Wu Hui
Published: April 2019

Introduction of the maca protein and its physicochemical and functional properties, structure and immunomodulatory activity.
Preparation of mesoporous ZnAl2O4 nanoflakes by ion exchange from a Na-dawsonite parent material in the presence of an ionic liquid
Authors: Kim TongIl , Yun HakSung , Han GwangBok , Lian Jiabiao , Ma Jianmin , Duan Xiaochuan , Zhu Lianjie , Zheng Wenjun
Published: April 2019

Herein, mesoporous ZnAl2O4 spinel nanoflakes were prepared by an ion-exchange method from a Na-dawsonite parent material in the presence of an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride ([bdmim][Cl]), followed by calcination at 700 °C for 2 h.
Evaluation of the effect of nickel clusters on the formation of incipient soot particles from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Shabnam Sharmin , Mao Qian , van Duin Adri C. T. , Luo K. H.
Published: April 2019

Effect of nickel clusters on the formation of incipient soot from PAH precursors via ReaxFF-MD simulations.
Calculations of NO reduction with CO over a Cu1/PMA single-atom catalyst: a study of surface oxygen species, active sites, and the reaction mechanism
Authors: Liu Chun-Guang , Sun Cong , Jiang Meng-Xu , Zhang Li-Long , Sun Mo-Jie
Published: April 2019

Density functional theory calculations have been employed to probe the reaction mechanism of NO reduction with CO over a Cu1/PMA (PMA is the phosphomolybdate, Cs3PMo12O40) single-atom catalyst.
Effect of whey protein supplementation during resistance training sessions on body mass and muscular strength: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Meng , Liu Feng
Published: April 2019

This study evaluates the effect of whey protein (WP) supplementation with resistance training (RT) on body mass and muscular strength through randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
Identifying the best metal–organic frameworks and unravelling different mechanisms for the separation of pentane isomers
Authors: Qiao Zhiwei , Cheetham Anthony K. , Jiang Jianwen
Published: April 2019

Six different mechanisms are unraveled for the shape and inverse-shape selective adsorption of C5 isomers in metal–organic frameworks by high-throughput computational screening.
The construction of accelerated catalytic Fenton reaction based on Pd/MIL-101(Cr) and H2
Authors: Liu Xin , Gao Shi-Qian , Fan Jin-Hong , Li Xiao-Meng , Qin He-He , Wang Jun-Xia , Ma San-Jian , Liu Zhong-Xing , Yu Yang
Published: April 2019

A novel catalytic Fenton system based on H2 and the solid catalyst Pd/MIL-101(Cr) (MHACF-MIL-101(Cr)) was developed at normal temperature and pressure. In this system, the reduction process of FeIII back to FeII was accelerated significantly.
Sacrificial carbonaceous coating over alumina supported Ni–MoS2 catalyst for hydrodesulfurization
Authors: Xu Yingrui , Li Pengyun , Yuan Shenghua , Sui Baokuan , Lai Weikun , Yi Xiaodong , Fang Weiping
Published: April 2019

Sacrificial carbon coating over NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst effectively tailor the interaction between the active phase and support, which result in more easily reducible active components and enhanced HDS performance.
Predictive current control for seven‐phase induction motor based on the optimal operating time of four‐dimensional vector
Authors: Yin Rongsen , Yang Jiaqiang
Published: April 2019

This article proposes predictive current control (PCC) using a four‐dimensional finite control set (4D‐FCS) based on the optimal operating time of vector for a seven‐phase induction motor drive system. In this approach, the candidate vectors are remodelled into 4D‐FCS considering the magnitude index, the angle index, the harmonic current plane index, and the variation trend index of a virtual vector as four dimensions. By taking advantage of the 4D‐FCS, the proposed approach can significantly reduce the number of candidate vectors and take comprehensive consideration of 4D influence. Further, the virtual vector operating time replaces the voltage vector in the cost function, which is used to evaluate the action effect of vectors. This upgrade can guarantee the duty cycle properly function in PCC with duty cycle modulation. Finally, experiments verify the fast calculation viability and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Phasing methods of tiled-aperture coherent beam combining for high peak power lasers
Authors: Peng Chun , Liang Xiaoyan , Liu Renqi , Li Wenqi , Li Ruxin
Published: April 2019

We demonstrate two type phasing methods for tiled-aperture coherent beam combining for high-power lasers based on the near and far field measurement techniques respectively, a comparison is made.
First-principles method for propagation of ultrashort pulsed light in thin films
Authors: Yamada Shunsuke , Noda Masashi , Nobusada Katsuyuki , Yabana Kazuhiro
Published: April 2019

We develop a first-principles method to simulate the propagation of intense and ultrashort pulsed light in crystalline thin films solving the Maxwell equations for light electromagnetic fields and the time-dependent Kohn-Sham equation for electrons simultaneously using common spatial and temporal grids. As a demonstration, we apply the method to silicon thin films.
Generation of sub-two-cycle CEP-stable optical pulses at 3.5 μm by multiple-plate pulse compression for high-harmonic generation in crystals
Authors: Peiyu Xia , Faming Lu , Nobuhisa Ishii , Teruto Kanai , Jiro Itatani
Published: April 2019

Multiple-plate pulse compression of femtosecond mid-infrared pulses is demonstrated using YAG and Si windows. With this robust compression scheme, we produce sub-two-cycle, CEP-stable optical pulses and observe CEP-dependent high harmonic generation in crystals.
BOXCARS-geometry 2DES setup in the 300-340nm range with pulse-to-pulse phase correction at 50kHz
Authors: Roland Thomas , Kemlin Vincent , Nillon Julien , Pellé Jean-Sébastien , Crégutt Olivier , Brazard Johanna , Léonard Jérémie , Haacke Stefan
Published: April 2019

A 40-nm broad pulse centred at 320nm is produced from an amplified Yb-doped fiber laser operated at 50kHz, and used in a BOXCARS geometry setup for 2DES, with shot-to-shot monitoring of the relative optical phase stability.
33-fold pulse compression down to 1.5 cycles in a 6m long hollo-core fiber
Authors: Jeong Young-Gyun , Piccoli Riccardo , Ferachou Denis , Cardin Vincent , Chini Michael , Hädrich Steffen , Limpert Jens , Morandotti Roberto , Légaré François , Bruno E. Schmidt , Razzari Luca
Published: April 2019

We demonstrate 33-fold pulse compression employing a 6-m-long hollow-core fiber and chirped mirrors. 1 mJ, 170 fs pulses at 1030 nm are compressed to 5.1 fs (1.5 optical cycles) with 70% efficiency.
Peak power & average power scaling via fourier domain OPA (FOPA)
Authors: Bruno E. Schmidt , Gruson Vincent , Lassonde Philippe , Ernotte Guilmot , Ibrahim Heide , Ferachou Denis , Hage Arvid , Mans Torsten , Di Mauro Lou , Paul B. Corkum , Wörner Hans Jakob , Légaré François
Published: April 2019

FoTaking advantage of pulse shortening upon amplification, we demonstrate 2.5TW pulses (30mJ, 2 cycle, 1.8 μm) based on TiSa pumping, while for boosting average power we utilize a 500W Yb platform for pump and seed pulses.
Generation of narrowband, high-intensity, carrier-envelope phase-stable pulses tunable between 4 and 18 THz
Authors: Liu Biaolong , Först Michael , Bromberger Hubertus , Cartella Andrea , Gebert Thomas , Cavalleri Andrea
Published: April 2019

We demonstrate the generation of narrowband (<1 THz) high-energy (~2 uJ) carrier-envelope phase-stable pulses, tunable between 4 and 18 THz as achieved by difference-frequency mixing between chirped near-infrared pulses in organic DSTMS.
Direct time-domain shaping of high-energy femtosecond pulses at THz burst frequencies
Authors: Flöry Tobias , Kaksis Edgar , Astrauskas Ignas , Balčiūnas Tadas , Pugžlys Audrius , Baltuška Andrius , Kartashov Daniil , Mitrofanov Alexander , Fedotov Andrey , Sidorov-Biryukov Dmitriy , Zheltikov Alexei , Krizsán Gergö , Polónyi Gyula , Fülöp József
Published: April 2019

We generate fully controllable fs multimillijoule pulse bursts with the energy handling, throughput efficiency and frequency resolution substantially exceeding that achievable in spatial-light-modulator and interferometric techniques. The demonstrated proof-of-concept experiments include coherent control of nitrogen-ion emission via multiple-pulse excitation and generation of tunable narrowband THz pulses via optical rectification.
Colliding pulse mode locking of quantum cascade lasers
Authors: Abundis-Patino Jesus Humberto , Riesch Michael , Tzenov Petar , Jirauschek Christian
Published: April 2019

We study the possibility for ultrashort pulse generation from THz quantum cascade lasers via the colliding pulse mode locking technique. Our analysis shows that this approach could enable sub-ps pulses from QCLs, even in devices with carrier recovery times as short as ~ 10 ps.
Efficient generation of broadband MIR radiation by difference–frequency generation in LiGaS2
Authors: Chen Bo-Han , Nagy Tamas , Baum Peter
Published: April 2019

We report a surprisingly infrared (MIR) pulse generation in simultaneous interplay of intra-pulse self-phase-modulation and dispersion. broadband and efficient middle-LiGaS2 (LGS) by invoking a difference frequency generation,
Demonstration of a tilted-pulse-front pumped planparallel slab terahertz source
Authors: Nugraha Priyo S. , Krizsán Gergő , Lombosi Csaba , Tóth György , Pálfalvi László , Almási Gábor , Fülöp József A. , Hebling János
Published: April 2019

THz pulse generation in a nonlinear optical slab with an entrance surface having an echelon structure is demonstrated. The setup uses a transmission grating and a planeparallel lithium-niobate crystal slab, and ensures a good-quality, symmetric THz beam and enables scalability to high pulse energies.
Complete characterisation of attosecond SXR pulses generated by MIR laser sources
Authors: Gaumnitz Thomas , Jain Arohi , Huppert Martin , Jordan Inga , Ardana-Lamas Fernando , Wörner Hans Jakob
Published: April 2019

Attosecond streaking with broadband SXR continua leads to contributions from multiple overlapping lines in the photoelectron spectrum. The Volkov-transform generalized projection algorithm (VTGPA) is generalised to include all contributing photoelectron bands (multi-line VTGPA) for the reconstruction of ultra-broadband SXR continua. We further investigate the influence of the collection angle of photoelectron detectors on attosecond streaking spectrograms and show full reconstruction for angle-integrated streaking traces. Also, the effects of the photoionization dipole matrix elements on the reconstruction are demonstrated.
Widely tunable cavity-enhanced ultrafast spectroscopy
Authors: Silfies Myles C. , Chen Yuning , Timmers Henry , Kowligy Abijith S. , Lind Alex , Diddams Scott A. , Allison Thomas K.
Published: April 2019

Generation of widely tunable frequency combs in the UV, visible, and infrared is discussed for use in cavity-enhanced transient absorption spectroscopy on gas-phase clusters. Progress towards cavity-enhanced two-dimensional spectroscopy is also presented.
The molecular attoclock: sub-cycle control of electronic dynamics during H2 double ionization
Authors: Hanus Václav , Kangaparambil Sarayoo , Larimian Seyedreza , Xie Xinhua , Schöffler Markus , Staudte André , Paulus Gerhard , Baltuska Andrius , Kitzler Markus
Published: April 2019

We introduce and employ the molecular attoclock method. This allows us to simultaneously trace the nuclear and electron dynamics during H2 fragmentation, and to CEP-control the two-electron emission dynamics on sub-cycle time scales.
Ultrafast extreme ultraviolet photoemission without space charge
Authors: Zhao Peng , Corder Christopher , Bakalis Jin , Li Xinlong , Kershis Matthew D. , Muraca Amanda R. , White Michael G. , Allison Thomas K.
Published: April 2019

We present photoelectron spectroscopy experiments using an 88 MHz cavityenhanced high-harmonic source operating from 8 to 40 eV. Nanoampere space-charge free sample photo currents enable us to record time-resolved photoelectron spectra from weakly excited samples.
Photoemission time versus streaking delay in attosecond time-resolved solid state photo-emission
Authors: Gebauer Andreas , Neb Sergej , Enns Walter , Heinzmann Ulrich , Kazansky Andrey K. , Pfeiffer Walter
Published: April 2019

Time-dependent Schrodinger equation simulations for a one-dimensional model potential reveal that the delay extracted from a streaking spectrogram does not reflect the photoemission time if the streaking field inside the solid cannot be neglected.
Femtosecond XUV induced dynamics of the methyl iodide cation
Authors: Reitsma Geert , Murillo-Sánchez Marta L. , de Nalda Rebeca , Corrales Mariu E. , Marggi Poullain Sonia , González-Vázquez Jesús , Vrakking Marc J.J. , Bañares Luis , Kornilov Oleg
Published: April 2019

Ultrashort XUV wavelength-selected pulses obtained with high harmonic generation are used to study the dynamics of molecular cations with state-to-state resolution. We demonstrate this by XUV pump - IR probe experiments on CH3I+ cations and identify both resonant and non-resonant dynamics.
Experimental verification of selection rules for circularly polarized high harmonics from a solid
Authors: Saito Nariyuki , Xia Peiyu , Lu Faming , Ishii Nobuhisa , Kanai Teruto , Itatani Jiro
Published: April 2019

We experimentally verify selection rules for circularly polarized high harmonics from solids by using single-color circularly polarized mid-infrared pulses. Our result offers a novel way to produce circularly polarized, coherent short-wavelength light.
High harmonic generation in solids driven by sub-cycle mid-infrared pulses from laser filamentation
Authors: Kumaki Fumitoshi , Shirai Hideto , Nomura Yutaka , Fuji Takao
Published: April 2019

Carrier-envelope phase (CEP) controlled subcycle mid-infrared pulses from two-color laser filamentation have been applied for high harmonic (HH) generation in a crystalline silicon membrane. The HH spectrum reaches the ultraviolet region (<300 nm), beyond the direct band gap of the silicon. The shape of the HH spectrum shows the strong dependency on the CEP of the input pulse. The complete waveform characterization of the sub-cycle driver pulse with frequency-resolved optical gating capable of CEP determination is the effective method for the studies of the sub-cycle dynamics.
Antenna-enhancements of molecular vibrational responses in ultrafast infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Morichika Ikki , Sakurai Atsunori , Ashihara Satoshi
Published: April 2019

We demonstrate surface-enhanced ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy employing periodic arrays of infrared-resonant gold nanoantennas. The antenna-enhancements of molecular vibrational responses are analytically formulated with a simple coupled-dipole model, and the linear/nonlinear local signal enhancements are evaluated to be ~104and 107, respectively.
Photonic Time-Stretch Spectroscopy for Multiplex Stimulated Raman Scattering
Authors: Saltarelli Francesco , Kumar Vikas , Viola Daniele , Crisafi Francesco , Preda Fabrizio , Cerullo Giulio , Polli Dario
Published: April 2019

Stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopy enables label-free molecular identification, but its broadband implementation is technically challenging. We experimentally demonstrate a novel approach to multiplex stimulated Raman scattering based on photonic time stretch. A telecom fiber stretches the broadband femtosecond Stokes pulse after the sample to ∼15ns, mapping its spectrum in time. The signal is sampled through a fast oscilloscope, providing single-shot spectra at 80-kHz rate. We demonstrate high sensitivity in detecting the Raman vibrational modes of various samples over the entire high-frequency C-H stretching region. Our results pave the way to high-speed broadband vibrational imaging for materials science and biophotonics.
Development of an apparatus for femtosecond laser-assisted (e,2e) experiments
Authors: Hiroi Takashi , Morimoto Yuya , Kanya Reika , Yamanouchi Kaoru
Published: April 2019

We developed an electron scattering apparatus equipped with dual angle-resolved time-of-flight analyzers designed for laser-assisted (e,2e) experiments, with which atomic and molecular orbitals influenced by intense laser fields can be investigated.
Fourier transform vibrational spectroscopy of D2+ by few-cycle near-infrared laser pulses
Authors: Ando Toshiaki , Iwasaki Atsushi , Yamanouchi Kaoru
Published: April 2019

By strong-field Fourier transform spectroscopy using intense pump and probe few-cycle laser pulses, the vibrational level separations of D2+ were determined with high precision by taking advantage of the dressed-state formation by the probe pulse.
Frequency comb-based multidimensional coherent spectroscopy
Authors: Steven T. Cundiff , Lomsadze Bachana
Published: April 2019

We present multidimensional coherent spectroscopy that utilizes frequency combs and multi-heterodyne detection. We demonstrate its capability to measure collective hyperfine resonances in atomic vapor induced by long-range dipole-dipole interactions.
Ultrafast dynamic imaging of thermal and acoustic dynamics in nanosystems using a tabletop high harmonic source
Authors: Bevis Charles , Robert Karl Jr. , Mancini Giulia F. , Gardner Dennis , Shanblatt Elisabeth , Knobloch Joshua , Frazer Travis , Hernandez-Charpak Jorge N. , Mayor Begoña Abad , Tanksalvala Michael , Porter Christina , Adams Daniel , Kapteyn Henry , Murnane Margaret M.
Published: April 2019

We demonstrate the first stroboscopic full-field EUV nanoscope using high harmonics. We image the propagation of thermal and surface acoustic waves in nickel with 80nm transverse, 0.5 Å axial, and 10 fs resolution.
Ultra-low thermal conductivity and acoustic dynamics of Si nanostructured metalattices probed using ultrafast high harmonic beams
Authors: Abad Begoña , Frazer Travis , Knobloch Joshua , Hernández-Charpak Jorge , Cheng Hiu , Grede Alex , Giebink Noel , Mallouk Tom , Mahale Pratibha , Chen Weinan , Xiong Yihuang , Dabo Ismaila , Crespi Vincent , Talreja Disha , Gopalan Venkat , Badding John , Kapteyn Henry , Murnane Margaret
Published: April 2019

We extend optical nanometrology capabilities to smaller dimensions by using tabletop coherent extreme ultraviolet (EUV) beams. Specifically, we characterize thermal transport and acoustic wave propagation in 3D periodic silicon inverse metalattices with <15nm characteristic dimensions. Measurements of the thermal transport demonstrate that metalattices may significantly impede heat flow, making them promising candidates for thermoelectric applications. Extraction of the acoustic wave dispersion down to ~100nm shows good agreement with finite element predictions, confirming that these semiconductor metalattices were fabricated with a very high-quality. These results demonstrate that EUV nanometrology is capable of extracting both dispersion relations, and thermal properties of 3D complex nano-systems, with applications including informed design and process control of nanoscale devices.
Photodynamics of Fe complexes: Variation with number of NHC functions
Authors: Friedrich Aleksej , Zimmer Peter , Bauer Matthias , Lochbrunner Stefan
Published: April 2019

Ultrafast spectroscopy on a series of Fe(II) complexes finds an increase of the 3MLCT lifetime with increasing number of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) donor functions revealing a promising route for the design of Fe photosensitizers.