bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond Triple-Negative: High Prevalence of Quadruple-Negative Breast Cancer in African Americans
Authors: Oladeru Oluwadamilola , Rajack Fareed , Esnakula Ashwini , Naab Tammey J. , Kanaan Yasmine , Ricks-Santi Luisel
Published: July 2024

Quadruple-negative breast cancer (QNBC) is a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype that lacks expression of the androgen (AR) receptor. Few studies have focused on this highly aggressive breast cancer, portending worse survival rates. We aimed to determine the following: (1) QNBC’s molecular and clinical characteristics and compare them with other subtypes and (2) QNBC’s association with clinicopathological factors and prognostic markers. We performed immunohistochemical evaluations of ARs on tissue tumor microarrays from FFPE tumor blocks of invasive ductal breast carcinomas in 202 African American women. Univariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test, with survival rates calculated using Kaplan–Meier curves. Overall, 75.8% of TNBCs were AR-negative. Compared to the luminal subtypes, TNBC and QNBC tumors were likely to be a higher grade (p < 0.001); HER2+/AR- and QNBCs were also larger than the other subtypes (p < 0.001). They also expressed increasing mean levels of proteins involved in invasion, such as CD44, fascin, and vimentin, as well as decreasing the expression of proteins involved in mammary differentiation, such as GATA3 and mammaglobin. We found no association between QNBC and stage, recurrence-free survival, or overall survival rates. The high prevalence of TNBC AR-negativity in these women could explain observed worse outcomes, supporting the existence of the unique QNBC subtype.
Family Support, Resilience, and Life Goals of Young People in Residential Care
Authors: Alves Cristina Peixoto , Relva Inês Carvalho , Costa Mónica , Mota Catarina Pinheiro
Published: July 2024

Establishing goals for young people in residential care (RC) is a gap in the literature, especially in terms of the relationship between family support and resilience. The literature suggests that RC is associated with the breakdown of family relationships, so the possibility of the family playing a positive role in establishing life goals for young people is reduced. However, family support in the context of organization and stability can be assumed to be a protective factor for the formulation of life goals and contribute to the resilient development of young people. This study aimed to analyze the role of family support in the process of setting goals for young people in RC, as well as to analyze the potential mediating role of resilience in the previous association. The sample included 124 young people aged between 12 and 23 years living in RC. The results point to a positive association between family support (autonomy) and the planning of life goals and verify the total mediating effect of resilience in this association. The results are discussed considering attachment theory and the role of the family in the adaptive development of young people. This study’s findings provide important indications for developing future interventions.
Et tu Brute? The Roles of Subordinate–Supervisor Similarities on the Relationship between Abusive Supervision and Employee Silence Behavior: A Study from the Subordinates’ Perspectives
Authors: Bayhan Karapinar Pınar , Tayfur Ekmekci Ozge , Metin Camgoz Selin , López Bohle Sergio , Miski Aydin Eren
Published: July 2024

The current study examined the moderating effects of subordinate–supervisor similarities on abusive supervision and employee silence relationships. We addressed the question of whether employees’ silence reactions are alleviated or aggravated when the abuse comes from a supervisor who shares a similar gender and other sociodemographic attributes with the employee. The results indicated that abusive supervision led to more silence behavior and supported the moderating effect of perceived sociodemographic similarity on this relationship. However, regardless of gender similarities with their supervisors, the findings postulated that employees experiencing abusive supervision were more likely to remain silent at work. When there is a perceived sociodemographic similarity between the employee and the supervisor, abusive supervision has been found to have a harsher influence on employee’s silence behavior. These findings help us better understand the antecedents of employee silence behavior and provide important implications for subordinate–supervisor similarity dynamics in exposure to abusive supervision.
The Inclusion and Initial Damage Inspection of Intelligent Cementitious Materials Containing Graphene Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT)
Authors: Wang Shijun , Peng Shengjiang , Liu Qiong , Li Wanwei
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the theoretical foundations of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) technology, followed by the finite element analysis method, for the positive problem and the linear back-projection (LBP) procedure for the inverse problem. The conductivity distribution image of the modeled concrete is then reconstructed, which includes one circular aggregate and the surrounding mortar. It is discovered that the conductivity obtained can be used to find the inclusive aggregate, mortar, and interfacial transition zone (ITZ). Natural aggregate and mortar have conductivities of 0.046 ms/cm and 0.115 ms/cm, respectively. Additionally, the conductivity of the ITZ, which is always regarded as the initial damage, is about 0.081 ms/cm. ERT is a cost-effective and readily available technique for determining the initial distribution of the aggregate and related ITZ. Therefore, ERT is a promising tool for determining inclusions and initial damage in concrete.
A New Methodology to Estimate the Early-Age Compressive Strength of Concrete before Demolding
Authors: Narantogtokh Bayarjavkhlan , Nishiwaki Tomoya , Takasugi Fumiya , Koyama Ken , Lehmann Timo , Jagiello Anna , Droin Félix , Ding Yao
Published: July 2024

Non-destructive testing has many advantages, such as the ability to obtain a large number of data without destroying existing structures. However, the reliability of the estimation accuracy and the limited range of applicable targets remain an issue. This study proposes a novel pin penetration test method to determine the early-age compressive strength of concrete before demolding. The timing of demolding and initial curing is determined according to the strength development of concrete. Therefore, it is important to determine the compressive strength at an early age before demolding at the actual construction site. The applicability of this strength estimation methodology at actual construction is investigated. Small test holes (12 mm in diameter) are prepared on the mold surface in real construction sites and mock-up specimens in advance. The pin is penetrated into these test holes to obtain the relationship between the compressive strength and the penetration depth. As a result, it is confirmed that the pin penetration test method is suitable for measuring the early-age compressive strength at the actual construction site. This allows the benchmark values for compressive strength, necessary to avoid early frost damage, to be directly verified on the concrete structural members at the construction site. For instance, the compressive strengths of greater than 5 MPa and 10 MPa can be confirmed by the penetration depths benchmark values of 8.0 mm and 6.7 mm or less, respectively.
Four-Dimensional Digital Monitoring and Registering of Historical Architecture for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage
Authors: Sedek Mohamed Saleh , Touahmia Mabrouk , Albaqawy Ghazy Abdullah , Latifee Enamur , Mahioub Tarek , Sallam Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Preserving cultural heritage through monitoring, registering, and analyzing damage in historical architectural structures presents significant financial and logistical burdens. Developed approaches for monitoring and registering 4D (4-dimensional)-scanned range and raster images of damaged objects were investigated in a case study of historical Baron Palace in Egypt. In the methodology, we first prepared and observed the damaged historical models. The damaged historical models were scanned using a laser scanner at a predetermined date and time. Simultaneously, digital images of the models were captured (by a calibrated digital camera) and stored on a researcher’s tablet device. By observing and comparing the scanned models with the digital images, geometric defects and their extent are identified. Then, the observed data components were detected on the map. Then, damaged statue materials were investigated using system of energy dispersive (SEM; scanning electron microscope, Gemini Zeiss-Ultra 55) and XRF (X-ray fluorescence) spectroscopic analysis to identify the statue’s marble elements, and the results indicate that SEM-EDX and XRF analyses accurately identify major and minor compositions of the damaged statue. Then, the damaged models were registered in two stages. In the registration stages, the corresponding points were determined automatically by detecting the closest points in the clouds and ICP (iterative closest point) algorithm in RiSCAN. The point clouds (of the Palace and damaged statues) gave very detailed resolutions and more realistic images in RiSCAN, but it is a costly program. Finally, the accuracies of the registration tasks were assessed; the standard deviations are within acceptable limits and tend to increase irregularly as the number of polydata observations used in the registration calculations increase.
Analysis of the Urban Form of Bechar through the Attributes of Space Syntax “for a More Sustainable City”
Authors: Meknaci Mohammed El Fatih , Wang Xingping , Biara Ratiba Wided , Zerouati Wiem
Published: July 2024

Located in the vast Algerian Sahara, Bechar has experienced over the years uncontrolled urban growth. It has evolved from a simple oasis and ksar (traditional settlement) to a city with a contrasting center and segregated outskirts. This growth has led to significant urban fragmentation that affected residents’ quality of life. This research uses space syntax theory to analyze Bechar’s urban configurations and their impact on functionality and sustainability. The study examines integration, connectivity, control, and intelligibility through axial maps and syntactic measures. Findings reveal that areas with high integration show better accessibility and reduced vehicle reliance, while segregated areas face accessibility challenges and limited services. Global integration values range from −1 to 1.192, averaging at 0.767, which indicates different accessibility among neighborhoods. These insights are crucial to identify areas where sustainable urban planning can mitigate adverse effects and enhance city efficiency. We created an axial map using DepthmapX v0.8.0 software and a modified digital QGIS map to collect data and measure Bechar’s urban properties. The methodology we used translates social behaviors into spatial representations, generating interpretative models for social and spatial phenomena. This article provides valuable information on the infrastructure and service needs, guiding strategic resource allocation. The proposed urban design strategies include urban canopies and optimized building ratios to reduce energy consumption and promote sustainability. To conclude, we recommend practical solutions to enhance the sustainability and functioning of urban areas similar to Bechar.
Advocate-BREAST80+: A Comprehensive Patient and Advocate-Led Study to Enhance Breast Cancer Care Delivery and Patient-Centered Research in Women Aged ≥80 Years
Authors: O’Sullivan Ciara C. , Vierkant Robert A. , Larson Nicole L. , Smith Mary Lou , Chauhan Cynthia , Couch Fergus J. , Olson Janet E. , D’Andre Stacy , Jatoi Aminah , Ruddy Kathryn J.
Published: July 2024

Background: There are limited evidence-based data to guide treatment recommendations for breast cancer (BC) patients ≥80 years (P80+). Identifying and addressing unmet needs are critical. Aims: Advocate-BREAST80+ compared the needs of P80+ vs. patients < 80 years (P80−). Methods: In 12/2021, a REDCap survey was electronically circulated to 6918 persons enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Breast Disease Registry. The survey asked about concerns and satisfaction with multiple aspects of BC care. Results: Overall, 2437 participants responded (35% response rate); 202 (8.3%) were P80+. P80+ were less likely to undergo local regional and systemic therapies vs. P80− (p < 0.01). Notably, P80+ were significantly less satisfied with information about the short and long-term side effects of BC therapies and managing toxicities. P80+ were also less likely to have participated in a clinical trial (p < 0.001) or to want to do so in the future (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: Although P80+ experienced less anxiety and symptom-related distress compared with P80−, they were significantly less satisfied with information regarding the side effects of BC therapies and their management. P80+ were significantly less likely to have participated in a clinical trial or be open to considering this option. Future studies should address educational needs pertaining to side effects and barriers to research participation in P80+.
Correction: Ma et al. Extracellular Vesicles from BMSCs Prevent Glucocorticoid-Induced BMECs Injury by Regulating Autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway. Cells 2022, 11, 2104
Authors: Ma Jinhui , Shen Mengran , Yue Debo , Wang Weiguo , Gao Fuqiang , Wang Bailiang
Published: July 2024

In the original publication [...]
Simulating Climatic Patterns and Their Impacts on the Food Security Stability System in Jammu, Kashmir and Adjoining Regions, India
Authors: Bhat Aaqib , Gupta Saurabh , Singh Suraj , Meraj Gowhar , Kumar Pankaj , Kanga Shruti , Singh Saurabh , Sajan Bhartendu
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the historical climate data and future projections under the SSP5-8.5 scenario for Jammu, Kashmir (J&K), and its adjoining regions in India. Agriculture is a critical economic pillar of this region, making it highly vulnerable to climate change. This study focused on temperature and precipitation trends. Statistical analysis and modeling methods, including cloud computing, were employed to predict changes and assess their impact on agricultural productivity and water resources. The results indicated that by 2100, the mean maximum and minimum temperatures are projected to increase by approximately 2.90 °C and 2.86 °C, respectively. Precipitation variability is expected to rise, with a mean increase of 2.64 × 10−6 mm per day. These changes have significant consequences for crop yield, water stress, and ecosystem dynamics. An analysis of Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) as a proxy for agricultural productivity using linear regression revealed a concerning trend. Although the total GPP of the study area remained stable over time, it declined by −570 g yr−1 in 2010, coinciding with a 1 °C temperature rise. Projections based on the expected 3 °C temperature increase by 2100 suggest a total GPP loss of −2500 g yr−1. These findings highlight the urgent need for proactive adaptation measures, including sustainable agricultural practices, improved water management, and enhanced socioeconomic infrastructure, to mitigate the impact of climate change and ensure long-term resilience and food security in the region.
An Analysis of Romania’s Energy Strategy: Perspectives and Developments since 2020
Authors: Bulmez Alexandru-Mihai , Brezeanu Alin-Ionuț , Dragomir George , Talabă Ovidiu-Mircea , Năstase Gabriel
Published: July 2024

Earth’s climate cannot be ignored any longer. Policies are vital in order to mitigate the negative effects of climate change. The energy crisis created by the Russo-Ukrainian war in Europe and COVID-19 pandemic affected the EU and its member states. The focus is more than ever on its energy policies and independence. The EU revised the energy strategy in response to the regional conflict, and it sped up all the processes for energetic independence from other countries outside of the EU. This benefited the climate change policies the most, as all the measures involved reducing energy consumption and increasing renewables, thus contributing to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. As a member state of the EU, Romania is committed to complying with EU regulations. With a high degree of energy independence compared with the other EU members, Romania plans to become a regional energy provider and modernize the energy infrastructure internally as a response to the regional conflict. The measures that the EU and Romania implemented after the conflict started in 2022 have come to fruition, and the effects are becoming visible a year later. This study aims to study the energy strategy of Romania in correlation with the EU strategy in the turbulent period of pandemics and conflict between 2019 and 2023, with the latest available data.
A Non-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma That Changed to a Prolactinoma
Authors: Santiago-Vazquez Cristina , Palacios-Paino Nuria , Cordido Fernando
Published: July 2024

Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are the third most common brain tumors in adults right after meningiomas and gliomas. Taking into account their hormonal activity in vivo, they can be divided in functioning PAs, which secrete hormones, and nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs), which are not associated with increased hormone secretion. We present the case of a man diagnosed with pituitary apoplexy. A transsphenoidal surgery was performed with subtotal removal of the mass. Pituitary hormones were measured before and after the procedure on several occasions, showing always normal PRL values, so he was diagnosed with a clinically NFPA. Two years later, the patient noticed a visual deficit. A new magnetic resonance imaging study was performed, showing adenomatous recurrence, and the patient underwent a new surgery. After this, hormonal evaluation revealed high levels of PRL on several occasions. After treatment with cabergoline was started, PRL levels normalized, the visual deficit improved, and there was a slight adenoma reduction. This case report represents an exception to the paradigm that in the presence of a macroadenoma and normal PRL levels (avoiding the “hook effect”), a prolactinoma can be discarded. Moreover, it stresses the importance of comprehensive, regular, and lifelong surveillance of patients with NFPAs and the close monitoring of serum PRL.
Critical Issues for Patients and Caregivers in Neuro-Oncology during the COVID-19 Pandemic: What We Have Learnt from an Observational Study
Authors: Anghileri Elena , Tramacere Irene , Morlino Sara , Leuzzi Catia , Gutierrez Lorena Pareja , Motta Saba , Silvani Antonio , Amato Anna , Berrini Francesca Romana
Published: July 2024

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic affected neuro-oncological patients and their caregivers regarding tumor care and emotional functioning, including Quality of Life (QoL). This study aimed to understand how COVID-19 affected their psychological state and the relations between patients and health personnel in neuro-oncology. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on neuro-oncological patients and their caregivers. Results: A total of 162 patients and 66 caregivers completed the questionnaire. Altogether, 37.5% of patients perceived a greater risk of contracting COVID-19 compared to the general population. On a 0–10 scale, the patients’ tumor-related anxiety score was 5.8, and their COVID-19-related score was 4.6. The caregivers reported 7.7 and 5.5, respectively. QoL was described as at least good in 75% of both patients and caregivers; the caregivers’ care burden increased in 22.7% of cases during the pandemic, with no correlation with QoL. Future perception often changed, both in patients and caregivers. In 18% of cases, the cancer treatment schedule was changed, either by patient decision or by medical decision. However, 93.5% of patients were satisfied with their overall care. Conclusions: A considerable proportion of patients and caregivers still perceived the tumor disease as more burdensome than the pandemic, and their future as more uncertain. Such data suggest the need to build a productive alliance between patients and health professionals.
Review of CAR T-Cell Therapy in Multiple Myeloma: A Canadian Perspective
Authors: Shih Steven Chun-Min , Bhella Sita
Published: July 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy. In the context of the current standard of care therapies in Canada, outcomes among patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), particularly those with triple-class (or more) refractory disease remain poor. Immunotherapies have significantly changed the treatment landscape of MM. Since 2021, two BCMA-targeting CAR T-cell therapy products have been approved for RRMM—namely Idecabtagene vicleucel (Ide-cel) (ABECMA®) and Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (Cilta-cel) (CARVYKTI®), both of which are available in the US and Europe. Although they have shown unprecedented efficacy in RRMM, their clinical and logistical limitations must be acknowledged. MM CAR T-cell therapy is likely to be approved in Canada soon. Therefore, it is timely that we review the latest evidence for commercially available CAR T-cell therapy in multiple myeloma, with a focus on its relevance and impact in the Canadian setting. There will be challenges to access and strategies must be in place to ensure equitable care for all Canadians with MM. Alongside haematologists working in the immune effector cell therapy programs, providers in the community will also play a role in the ongoing monitoring and management of long-term side effects including opportunistic infections and late neurotoxicity.
Evaluation of the Relationship between Impacted Maxillary Canine Teeth and Root Resorption in Adjacent Teeth: A Cross-Sectional Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Aktı Ahmet , Dolunay Uğur , Kaya Doğan Ilgaz , Gürses Gökhan , Yeşil Doğucan
Published: July 2024

Background: This study aims to determine the position of impacted maxillary canines on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, to determine the presence of resorption in adjacent teeth, and to investigate the position and type of resorption of impacted canines if resorption is present. Methods: Patients over 14 years of age with maxillary canine teeth who had CBCT images taken for any dental reason were included in the study. Resorption of teeth adjacent to maxillary canines was analyzed according to transversal, vertical, and buccopalatinal positions on the CBCT. The study evaluated 162 maxillary canine teeth on tomography images of 134 patients. Results: Of the affected adjacent teeth, 32.1% of the central incisor, 58.0% of the lateral incisor, and 19.1% of the first premolars showed mild-to-severe resorption. The relationships between transversal position and resorption in the central and lateral incisor, vertical position and resorption in the central incisor and buccopalatinal position and resorption in the first premolars were found to be significant. Maxillary canine teeth can cause mild-to-severe resorption of adjacent teeth, especially lateral incisors. Conclusion: For this reason, we think that a detailed examination with CBCT is essential in the early diagnosis of resorption of adjacent teeth.
Demographic and Radiographic Characteristics Associated with the Occurrence of Impacted Third Molars in Indonesian Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Hadikrishna Indra , Sylvyana Melita , Pattamatta Madhuri , Mulyawati Folli , Maulina Tantry
Published: July 2024

An impacted third molar is one of the most common abnormalities of the tooth position, impacting patients and their quality of life. Based on the impact and the invasive removal procedure, this study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of impacted third molars based on their radiographic features as well as their association with demographic characteristics. Outpatient dental records of the oral and maxillofacial surgery department of Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019, were sorted, and relevant clinical and demographic data and panoramic radiographic examination results were extracted from these records. All data were then tabulated and analyzed by using SPSS version 29. As many as 3019 impacted third molars were identified. Our findings suggested the association between age to the occurrence of impacted third molars where patients aged between 17 and 29 years old showed high occurrences of impacted third molars. Male patients with impacted third molars are more likely to have multiple impacted third molars, while this risk decreases in females. Radiographic examination showed that the mesioangular position is the most common position for mandibular third molars. The variation in high occurrences of the impacted third molar is associated with several demographic factors.
Faculty Support as Part of Faculty Strategy on the Academic Motivation of the Working Students
Authors: Raboca Horia Mihai , Cărbunărean Florin
Published: July 2024

Working students are an important and diverse category within today’s higher education institutions. Part of the strategies necessary for the academic motivation of working students and implicitly the increase of their performance concerns a series of strategies that involve individual, institutional and structural factors. This study investigates the relationship between working students perceptions of faculty support and their overall level of academic motivation (intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation or amotivation) grounded in self-determination theory. The findings indicated that there is a significant positive correlation between faculty support and the overall level of students’ academic motivation. At the same time, the results show that both psychological and functional support, as indicators of faculty support, have strong relationships with different types of academic motivation. In this sense, our results indicate that faculty support for working students has a strong positive relationship with students’ intrinsic academic motivation and respectively a weaker relationship with academic amotivation. These results show that any policy or strategy adopted by faculty decision-makers to help working students improve their academic motivation (performance) must include the provision of support on different dimensions (social, psychological and functional).
The Development of a Mathematical Model of an Algorithm for Constructing an Individual Educational Trajectory for the Development of Methodological Competence among IT Discipline Teachers
Authors: Toxanov Sapar , Abzhanova Dilara , Mukhatayev Aidos , Biloshchytskyi Andrii , Biloshchytska Svitlana
Published: July 2024

This article explores contemporary models of the development of methodological competence, focusing on the needs of IT discipline teachers. The challenges in implementing these features within modern educational conditions are identified, underscoring the necessity for creating innovative teaching methods adapted to the requirements of IT teachers. By analyzing current trends in the educational environment, the authors highlight key stages in the continuous education system for teachers, including the mastering of basic education, adapting young teachers, and fostering their professional development. The article reveals the actual possibilities of developing the methodological competence of teachers as an ongoing endeavor to elevate their professional pedagogical culture. In the article, the authors propose a conceptual model within the domain of education, serving as the basis for constructing an efficient mathematical model which is specifically designed to create individualized learning trajectories for IT discipline teachers with the focus on managing the process of methodological competence development during the synthesis of training courses. The authors propose an innovative approach to teacher retraining, centered around individualized needs and abilities, with the aim of enhancing the quality of education in the field of information technology.
The Information Security Issues of Distributed Economic Dispatch for New Generation Power Systems—Present Situation and Forecast
Authors: Le Jian , Lang Hongke , Wang Jing , Wang Weihao , Luo Guangyi
Published: July 2024

With the large scale and high proportion of distributed generation connected to the power grid, the distributed economic dispatch system has attracted more attention because of its significant advantages. However, the distributed economic dispatch system faces more serious information security issues due to the variation of communication topology. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review the information security issues that may occur in the distributed economic dispatch system and the defense measures. By summarizing the existing literature on information security issues and defense measures, it can be found that the current research focuses on the cyber-side defense for information security, and lacks consideration of the cyber-physical coupling characteristics. Additionally, the separate cyber-side defense measures still have a defense blind spot and cannot respond in a timely manner to the physical-side actions caused by information security issues. Finally, the establishment of the information security issues model and the construction of the integrated security defense system are discussed from the perspective of the power cyber-physical system. This research will be helpful in the construction of the security defense system for information issues in distributed economic dispatch systems.
Thermoelectric-Powered Remote Sensor for Frost Detection
Authors: Aguiar Martim Lima de , Gaspar Pedro Dinis , da Silva Pedro Dinho
Published: July 2024

This article proposes the use of a thermoelectric system as an energy-harvesting device for use in industrial refrigeration units. The energy generated by the device in this study can be used for remote, low-power applications, such as frost detection sensors. The accumulation of frost on the surfaces of evaporators causes inefficiency in the operation of refrigeration units by reducing the heat exchange rate. To revert this condition, the evaporator must be defrosted periodically. The proposed energy-autonomous sensors can be localized in key places to minimize not only the number of defrosting operations but also their duration. These sensors can transmit data wirelessly so that the control systems can better determine the ideal time to perform defrosting operations. This device eliminates the need for complex cable routing in long systems, where these components are often located far apart or in hard-to-reach places. The outcomes of this research not only offer solutions to a prevailing issue in refrigeration units but also aid in formulating strategies for optimally placing ice formation detection sensors. Additionally, these findings may boost overall refrigeration efficiency while cutting down on installation and maintenance costs.
Superior Electrochemical Performance and Cyclic Stability of WS2@CoMgS//AC Composite on the Nickel-Foam for Asymmetric Supercapacitor Devices
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Afzal Amir Muhammad , Iqbal Muhammad Waqas , Mumtaz Sohail , Alqarni Areej S.
Published: July 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) sulfide-based transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have shown their crucial importance in energy storage devices. In this study, the tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanosheets were combined with hydrothermally synthesized cobalt magnesium sulfide (CoMgS) nanocomposite for use as efficient electrodes in supercapattery energy storage devices. The characteristics of the WS2@CoMgS nanocomposite were better than those of the WS2 and CoMgS electrodes. XRD, SEM, and BET analyses were performed on the nanocomposite to examine its structure, morphology, and surface area in depth. In three-electrode assemblies, the composite (WS2@CoMgS) electrode showed a high specific capacity of 874.39 C g−1 or 1457.31 F g−1 at 1.5 A g−1. The supercapattery device (WS2@CoMgS//AC) electrode demonstrated a specific capacity of 325 C g−1 with an exceptional rate capability retention of 91% and columbic efficiency of 92% over 7000 cycles, according to electrochemical studies. Additionally, the high energy storage capacity of the WS2@CoMgS composite electrode was proved by structural and morphological investigations.
A Reliability Assessment Method for Natural Gas Pipelines with Corroded Defects That Considers Detection Cycles
Authors: Li An , Jin Feng , Li Yuan , Lan Wen , Liu Pan , Yu Zhifeng , Wen Kai
Published: July 2024

With the development of natural gas pipelines, the proportion of aged pipelines in service has been increasing, and corrosion remains a primary cause of pipeline failure. Regular inspections and reliability assessments are crucial to ensure the safe operation of pipelines. This study investigated an efficient reliability assessment method for corroded pipelines that considers in-line inspection intervals. First, this study compared the commonly used limit state equations for corrosion defects to select one suitable for X80-grade steel pipelines. Additionally, a Tail-Fit Monte Carlo Simulation (TF-MCS) algorithm was proposed to improve the computational speed by 30 times compared to traditional Monte Carlo simulations. Then, this study explored the inspection intervals used for reliability assessments of corroded pipelines. Finally, the parameter sensitivity was analyzed considering the yield strength, maximum operating pressure, and pipe diameter. This study ensures the reliable operation of corroded gas pipelines.
The Potential Diversity of Agricultural Biomass in the Context of the Organization of Agricultural Production and Circular Agriculture in Poland
Authors: Janiszewska Dorota , Ossowska Luiza
Published: July 2024

Agriculture is one of the key sectors of the economy, but it also generates many residues and waste that are only partially used (as, for example, feed, litter, and fertilizer). The resulting residues and waste can be valuable components for other sectors of the economy (e.g., energy), contributing to the implementation of a circular economy. The main aim of the research is to assess the diversity of the biomass potential from agricultural residues in the context of the level of organization of agricultural production and circular agriculture in Poland at the local level (314 counties). The level of organization of agricultural production was determined using the synthetic measure based on four variables (average farm size, number of tractors per farm, share of farms producing for the market, and the number of AWU per 100 ha of UAA). The potential of agricultural biomass was estimated on the basis of existing surpluses of straw, hay, energy crops grown on marginal lands, and residues from orchard maintenance. The data came from the General Agricultural Census conducted by the Polish Statistical Office in 2020. The conducted research showed that over 75% of counties are characterized by a high and medium level of organization of agricultural production. However, unused biomass resources from agricultural production residues are common (2/3 of counties are characterized by high and medium potential). There is a positive relationship between the level of biomass potential from agricultural residues and the level of organization of agricultural production at the local level in Poland, but the strength of this relationship is weak.
Italy’s Post-COVID-19 Stroke Network: Has It Returned to Pre-Pandemic Standards?
Authors: Kacerik Erika , Bottega Francesca , Andreassi Aida , Sechi Giuseppe , Zoli Alberto , Botteri Marco , Signorelli Carlo , Fagoni Nazzareno
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic strongly transformed the healthcare system in the Lombardy region (Italy), forcing a rapid reorganization of hospital structures. The emergency medical service (EMS) system and emergency departments (EDs) were among the most affected departments. Several studies have shown a change in the epidemiology of time-dependent pathologies, such as stroke, during the pandemic’s peak. However, there is little scientific evidence regarding the interpandemic phase. The regional register for ED accesses (EUOL) was analyzed, taking into consideration all accesses for stroke and stroke-like syndromes during the years 2019, 2020, and 2021. The analysis shows a significant difference in the average number of diagnoses per month [2092 vs. 1815 vs. 2015, respectively (p < 0.05)] and an increase in the percentage of transports carried out by EMS vehicles to EDs [17% vs. 25% vs. 22%, respectively (p < 0.05)]. The length of stay (LOS) increased for both discharged patients (9.0 vs. 10.1 vs. 11.2 h, respectively; p < 0.005) and hospitalized patients (7.5 vs. 9.7 vs. 10.6 h, respectively; p < 0.005). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the overall number of stroke diagnoses decreased, while the percentage of patients transported to EDs by EMS vehicles increased. Furthermore, an increased processing time in EDs was highlighted.
Prediction of Dielectric Loss Factor of Wood in Radio Frequency Heating and Drying Based on IPOA-BP Modeling
Authors: Gao Jingying , Wang Wei , Qu Zening
Published: July 2024

In this paper, an Improved Pelican Optimization Algorithm (IPOA) was proposed to optimize a BP neural network model to predict the dielectric loss factor of wood in the RF heating and drying process. The neural network model was trained and optimized using MATLAB 2022b software, and the prediction results of the BP neural network with POA-BP and IPOA-BP models were compared. The results show that the IPOA-optimized BP neural network model is more accurate than the traditional BP neural network model. After the BP neural network model with IPOA optimization was used to predict the dielectric loss factor of wood, the value increased by 4.3%, the MAE decreased by 68%, and the RMSE decreased by 67%. The results provided by the study using the IPOA-BP model show that the prediction of the dielectric loss factor of wood under different macroscopic conditions in radio frequency heating and drying of wood can be realized without the need for highly costly and prolonged experimental studies.
Detection of Mulberry Leaf Diseases in Natural Environments Based on Improved YOLOv8
Authors: Zhang Ming , Yuan Chang , Liu Qinghua , Liu Hongrui , Qiu Xiulin , Zhao Mengdi
Published: July 2024

Mulberry leaves, when infected by pathogens, can suffer significant yield loss or even death if early disease detection and timely spraying are not performed. To enhance the detection performance of mulberry leaf diseases in natural environments and to precisely locate early small lesions, we propose a high-precision, high-efficiency disease detection algorithm named YOLOv8-RFMD. Based on improvements to You Only Look Once version 8 (YOLOv8), we first proposed the Multi-Dimension Feature Attention (MDFA) module, which integrates important features at the pixel-level, spatial, and channel dimensions. Building on this, we designed the RFMD Module, which consists of the Conv-BatchNomalization-SiLU (CBS) module, Receptive-Field Coordinated Attention (RFCA) Conv, and MDFA, replacing the Bottleneck in the model’s Residual block. We then employed the ADown down-sampling structure to reduce the model size and computational complexity. Finally, to improve the detection precision of small lesion features, we replaced the Complete Intersection over Union (CIOU) loss function with the Normalized Wasserstein Distance (NWD) loss function. Results show that the YOLOv8-RFMD model achieved a mAP50 of 94.3% and a mAP50:95 of 67.8% on experimental data, representing increases of 2.9% and 4.3%, respectively, compared to the original model. The model size was reduced by 0.53 MB to just 5.45 MB, and the GFLOPs were reduced by 0.3 to only 7.8. YOLOv8-RFMD has displayed great potential for application in real-world mulberry leaf disease detection systems and automatic spraying operations.
Dual-Responsive “Egg-Box” Shaped Microgel Beads Based on W1/O/W2 Double Emulsions for Colon-Targeted Delivery of Synbiotics
Authors: He Xian , Qin Yunyun , Liu Haoyue , Cheng Kang , Yang Wanshui , Qin Xinsheng
Published: July 2024

In this study, for enhancing the resistance of probiotics to environmental factors, we designed a microgel beads delivery system loaded with synbiotics. Multiple droplets of W1/O/W2 emulsions stabilized with zein–apple pectin hybrid nanoparticles (ZAHPs) acted as the inner “egg,” whereas a three-dimensional network of poly-L-lysine (PLL)-alginate-CaCl2 (Ca) crosslinked gel layers served as the outermost “box.” ZAHPs with a mass ratio of 2:1 zein-to-apple pectin showed excellent wettability (three-phase contact angle = 89.88°). The results of the ζ-potentials and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrate that electrostatic interaction forces and hydrogen bonding were the main forces involved in the formation of ZAHPs. On this basis, we prepared W1/O/W2 emulsions with other preparation parameters and observed their microstructures by optical microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscope. The multi-chambered structures of W1/O/W2 emulsions were successfully visualized. Finally, the W1/O/W2 emulsions were coated with PLL-alginate-Ca using the solution extrusion method. The results of the in vitro colonic digestion stage reveal that the survival rate of probiotics in the microgel beads was about 75.11%, which was significantly higher than that of the free. Moreover, probiotics encapsulated in microgel beads also showed positive storage stability. Apple pectin would serve as both an emulsifier and a prebiotic. Thus, the results indicate that the “egg-box” shaped microgel beads, designed on the basis of pH-sensitive and enzyme-triggered mechanisms, can enhance the efficiency of probiotics translocation in the digestive tract and mediate spatiotemporal controlled release.
Possibility of Isolated Mung Bean Protein as a Main Raw Material in the Production of an Extruded High-Moisture Meat Analog
Authors: Hwang Nam-Ki , Gu Bon-Jae , Zhang Yu , Ryu Gi-Hyung
Published: July 2024

As consumer demand for meat analogs continues to grow, various plant proteins are being explored for their production. This study uses isolated mung bean protein (IMBP) to replace isolated soy protein (ISP), investigating the effects of IMBP content (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) on the physicochemical and textural properties of high-moisture meat analogs (HMMAs) and exploring the potential of IMBP in the development and production of meat analogs. The results show that IMBP can bind water and cause protein denaturation, thus requiring more time and higher temperatures to be formed compared to HMMAs without IMBP. Additionally, increasing the IMBP content improves the gelling ability, thereby increasing the input of specific mechanical energy. As the IMBP content increases, the fibrous structure of the HMMA also increases. When the IMBP content reaches 40–50%, the most meat-like fibrous structure is observed. The water-holding capacity, water absorption capacity, springiness, and cohesiveness are negatively correlated with the IMBP content, while the oil absorption capacity is positively correlated with it. The integrity index and nitrogen solubility index show opposite trends with the increase in the IMBP content. When the IMBP content is 50%, the springiness and chewiness are the lowest, and the cutting strength is also the lowest, but the sample has a rich fibrous content, indicating that the HMMA with 50% IMBP content is soft and juicy. In conclusion, IMBP has the potential to be a substitute for ISP in the production of HMMAs.
Anxiolytic, Antidepression, and Memory-Enhancing Effects of the Novel Instant Soup RJ6601 in the Middle-Aged of Female Rats
Authors: Chaisanam Rujikan , Wattanathorn Jintanaporn , Thukham-mee Wipawee , Piyavhatkul Nawanant , Paholpak Pongsatorn
Published: July 2024

Due to the health benefits of polyphenols and dietary fiber in combating mental disorders, we hypothesized that a polyphenol- and dietary fiber-enriched soup (RJ6601) would improve mental wellness in a rat model of middle-aged women. To test this hypothesis, female Wistar rats aged 18 months (350–450 g) were orally administered RJ6601 at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg BW for 28 days. The anxiolytic, antidepression, and memory-enhancing effects were assessed every 7 days throughout the study period. The neuron density and levels of activities of AChE, total MAO, MAO-A, MAO-B, MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, IL-1β, IL-6, and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex at the end of study were also investigated. Furthermore, the amounts of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. in their feces were also determined. The results revealed that the developed soup shows anxiolytic, antidepression, and memory-enhancing effects. An increased neuron density; reductions in AChE, total MAO, MAO-A, MAO-B, and MDA; and an elevation of serum BDNF, together with increased amounts of both bacterial species in feces, were also observed. Our results suggest that RJ6601 is a potential mental wellness promotion supplement that enhances BDNF levels, brain plasticity, neurotransmitter balance, and oxidative stress and inflammation status, along with improving microbiota.
Systematic Mapping Study of Sales Forecasting: Methods, Trends, and Future Directions
Authors: Ahaggach Hamid , Abrouk Lylia , Lebon Eric
Published: July 2024

In a dynamic business environment, the accuracy of sales forecasts plays a pivotal role in strategic decision making and resource allocation. This article offers a systematic review of the existing literature on techniques and methodologies used in forecasting, especially in sales forecasting across various domains, aiming to provide a nuanced understanding of the field. Our study examines the literature from 2013 to 2023, identifying key techniques and their evolution over time. The methodology involves a detailed analysis of 516 articles, categorized into classical qualitative approaches, traditional statistical methods, machine learning models, deep learning techniques, and hybrid approaches. The results highlight a significant shift towards advanced methods, with machine learning and deep learning techniques experiencing an explosive increase in adoption. The popularity of these models has surged, as evidenced by a rise from 10 articles in 2013 to over 110 by 2023. This growth underscores their growing prominence and effectiveness in handling complex time series data. Additionally, we explore the challenges and limitations that influence forecasting accuracy, focusing on complex market structures and the benefits of extensive data availability.