bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High levels of AAV vector integration into CRISPR-induced DNA breaks
Authors: Hanlon Killian S. , Kleinstiver Benjamin P. , Garcia Sara P. , Zaborowski Mikołaj P. , Volak Adrienn , Spirig Stefan E. , Muller Alissa , Sousa Alexander A. , Tsai Shengdar Q. , Bengtsson Niclas E. , Lööv Camilla , Ingelsson Martin , Chamberlain Jeffrey S. , Corey David P. , Aryee Martin J. , Joung J. Keith , Breakefield Xandra O. , Maguire Casey A. , György Bence
Published: September 2019

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have shown promising results in preclinical models, but the genomic consequences of transduction with AAV vectors encoding CRISPR-Cas nucleases is still being examined. In this study, we observe high levels of AAV integration (up to 47%) into Cas9-induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) in therapeutically relevant genes in cultured murine neurons, mouse brain, muscle and cochlea. Genome-wide AAV mapping in mouse brain shows no overall increase of AAV integration except at the CRISPR/Cas9 target site. To allow detailed characterization of integration events we engineer a miniature AAV encoding a 465 bp lambda bacteriophage DNA (AAV-λ465), enabling sequencing of the entire integrated vector genome. The integration profile of AAV-465λ in cultured cells display both full-length and fragmented AAV genomes at Cas9 on-target sites. Our data indicate that AAV integration should be recognized as a common outcome for applications that utilize AAV for genome editing.
SEEDS, simultaneous recordings of high-density EMG and finger joint angles during multiple hand movements
Authors: Matran-Fernandez Ana , Rodríguez Martínez Itzel Jared , Poli Riccardo , Cipriani Christian , Citi Luca
Published: September 2019

We present the SurfacE Electromyographic with hanD kinematicS (SEEDS) database. It contains electromyographic (EMG) signals and hand kinematics recorded from the forearm muscles of 25 non-disabled subjects while performing 13 different movements at normal and slow-paced speeds. EMG signals were recorded with a high-density 126-channel array centered on the extrinsic flexors of the fingers and 8 further electrodes placed on the extrinsic extensor muscles. A data-glove was used to record 18 angles from the joints of the wrist and fingers. The correct synchronisation of the data-glove and the EMG was ascertained and the resulting data were further validated by implementing a simple classification of the movements. These data can be used to test experimental hypotheses regarding EMG and hand kinematics. Our database allows for the extraction of the neural drive as well as performing electrode selection from the high-density EMG signals. Moreover, the hand kinematic signals allow the development of proportional methods of control of the hand in addition to the more traditional movement classification approaches.
Author Correction: Intestinal crypts recover rapidly from focal damage with coordinated motion of stem cells that is impaired by aging
Authors: Choi Jiahn , Rakhilin Nikolai , Gadamsetty Poornima , Joe Daniel J. , Tabrizian Tahmineh , Lipkin Steven M. , Huffman Derek M. , Shen Xiling , Nishimura Nozomi
Published: September 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
M1 muscarinic receptor is a key target of neuroprotection, neuroregeneration and memory recovery by i-Extract from Withania somnifera
Authors: Konar Arpita , Gupta Richa , Shukla Rajendra K. , Maloney Bryan , Khanna Vinay K. , Wadhwa Renu , Lahiri Debomoy K. , Thakur Mahendra K.
Published: September 2019

Memory loss is one of the most tragic symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that ‘i-Extract’ of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) restores memory loss in scopolamine (SC)-induced mice. The prime target of i-Extract is obscure. We hypothesize that i-Extract may primarily target muscarinic subtype acetylcholine receptors that regulate memory processes. The present study elucidates key target(s) of i-Extract via cellular, biochemical, and molecular techniques in a relevant amnesia mouse model and primary hippocampal neuronal cultures. Wild type Swiss albino mice were fed i-Extract, and hippocampal cells from naïve mice were treated with i-Extract, followed by muscarinic antagonist (dicyclomine) and agonist (pilocarpine) treatments. We measured dendritic formation and growth by immunocytochemistry, kallikrein 8 (KLK8) mRNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and levels of KLK8 and microtubule-associated protein 2, c isoform (MAP2c) proteins by western blotting. We performed muscarinic receptor radioligand binding. i-Extract stimulated an increase in dendrite growth markers, KLK8 and MAP2. Scopolamine-mediated reduction was significantly reversed by i-Extract in mouse cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Our study identified muscarinic receptor as a key target of i-Extract, providing mechanistic evidence for its clinical application in neurodegenerative cognitive disorders.
Development of an sEMG sensor composed of two-layered conductive silicone with different carbon concentrations
Authors: Togo Shunta , Murai Yuta , Jiang Yinlai , Yokoi Hiroshi
Published: September 2019

To achieve robust sEMG measurements in an EMG prosthetic system, this study proposes a surface electromyogram (sEMG) sensor with a novel electrode structure composed of two-layered conductive silicone with different carbon concentrations. We hypothesized there is an optimal carbon concentration for achieving a large sEMG amplitude with robustness to external perturbation, and we empirically determined this optimal concentration. We produced fourteen sets of electrodes, with the weight ratio of carbon to silicone ranging from 1.7% to 4.0%. Using these electrodes, the user sEMG and electrical properties of the electrodes were measured. An external perturbation was applied on one side of the electrode to introduce a condition of unbalanced contact to the sEMG sensor. We defined an index of robustness for the sEMG sensor based on the signal-to-noise ratio in the balanced and unbalanced contact conditions. Based on the results of the robustness index, two optimal carbon concentrations, at weight ratios of 2.0%–2.1% and 2.6%–2.7%, were observed. Moreover, the double-peak property was correlated to the capacitance. Our results clearly demonstrate an optimal carbon concentration for robust sEMG measurements, and suggest that the robust measurement of sEMG is supported by the capacitance component of the sensor system.
Simple lysis of bacterial cells for DNA-based diagnostics using hydrophilic ionic liquids
Authors: Martzy Roland , Bica-Schröder Katharina , Pálvölgyi Ádám Márk , Kolm Claudia , Jakwerth Stefan , Kirschner Alexander K. T. , Sommer Regina , Krska Rudolf , Mach Robert L. , Farnleitner Andreas H. , Reischer Georg H.
Published: September 2019

The extraction of nucleic acids from microorganisms for subsequent molecular diagnostic applications is still a tedious and time-consuming procedure. We developed a method for the rapid preparation of genomic DNA from bacteria based on hydrophilic ionic liquids (ILs). First, we tested eight ILs in different buffer systems for their inhibitory effects on quantitative PCR. The cell lysis potential of different IL/buffer combinations was assessed by application on Enterococcus faecalis as a model organism for Gram-positive bacteria. The two best ILs, choline hexanoate and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, were compared with the reference enzymatic method and two commercial DNA extraction kits. All methods were evaluated on four Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacterial species that are highly relevant for environmental, food, or clinical diagnostics. In comparison to the reference method, extraction yields of the IL-based procedure were within one order of magnitude for most of the strains. The final protocol for DNA extraction using the two ILs is very low-cost, avoids the use of hazardous chemicals and can be performed in five minutes on a simple heating block. This makes the method ideal for high sample throughput and offers the opportunity for DNA extraction from bacteria in resource-limited settings or even in the field.
Yield-strength prediction of flattened steel pipes by competing Bauschinger effect and strain hardening during pipe-forming
Authors: Kim Dae Woong , Kim Wan-Keun , Bae Jin-ho , Choi Won-Doo , Kim Hyoung Seop , Lee Sunghak
Published: September 2019

Since flattened steel sheets often show the unexpectedly lower or higher yield strength than leveled sheets, unceasing efforts have been made to accurately predict the yield strength in pipe-forming industries. In the present investigation, the yield strength of line-pipe or casing-pipe steels was predicted by competing Bauschinger effect and strain hardening occurred during the pipe-forming. Yield drop (YD) and yield rise (YR) parameters were newly defined from cyclic simulation analyses of outer and inner walls of pipes to express more reasonably the Bauschinger effect and strain hardening. The YD increased abruptly until the pre-strain of about 1%, and then saturated, while the YR increased linearly with increasing pre-strain. By combining the YD and YR, the variation in yield strength (Δσ) showed a down-and-up behavior as the Bauschinger effect and strain hardening were dominant at low and high pre-strains, respectively, and plausibly explained the relationship of Δσ and piping strain used in pipe-forming industries. According to the microstructural analyses related to the down-and-up Δσ behavior, the polygonal ferrite reduced the yield-strength reduction in the low pre-strain range, whereas the granular bainite or pearlite expanded it. This yield strength prediction coupled with microstructural analyses provide a good idea for designing and reliably predicting the yield strength of in various steel pipes.
Corticosteroid-Binding Globulin is expressed in the adrenal gland and its absence impairs corticosterone synthesis and secretion in a sex-dependent manner
Authors: Gulfo José , Castel Ricard , Ledda Angelo , Romero María del Mar , Esteve Montserrat , Grasa Mar
Published: September 2019

Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) is synthesized by the liver and secreted into the bloodstream where binds to glucocorticoids. Thus CBG has the role of glucocorticoid transport and free hormone control. In addition, CBG has been detected in some extrahepatic tissues without a known role. CBG-deficient mice show decreased total corticosterone levels with missing of classical sexual dimorphism, increased free corticosterone, higher adrenal gland size and altered HPA axis response to stress. Our aim was to ascertain whether CBG deficiency could affect the endocrine synthetic activity of adrenal gland and if the adrenal gland produces CBG. We determined the expression in adrenal gland of proteins involved in the cholesterol uptake and its transport to mitochondria and the main enzymes involved in the corticosterone, aldosterone and catecholamine synthesis. The results showed that CBG is synthesized in the adrenal gland. CBG-deficiency reduced the expression of ACTH receptor, SRB1 and the main genes involved in the adrenal hormones synthesis, stronger in females resulting in the loss of sexual dimorphism in corticosteroid adrenal synthesis, despite corticosterone content in adrenal glands from CBG-deficient females was similar to wildtype ones. In conclusion, these results point to an unexplored and relevant role of CBG in the adrenal gland functionality related to corticosterone production and release.
Predicting DNA damage foci and their experimental readout with 2D microscopy: a unified approach applied to photon and neutron exposures
Authors: Barbieri Sofia , Babini Gabriele , Morini Jacopo , Friedland Werner , Buonanno Manuela , Grilj Veljko , Brenner David J. , Ottolenghi Andrea , Baiocco Giorgio
Published: September 2019

The consideration of how a given technique affects results of experimental measurements is a must to achieve correct data interpretation. This might be challenging when it comes to measurements on biological systems, where it is unrealistic to have full control (e.g. through a software replica) of all steps in the measurement chain. In this work we address how the effectiveness of different radiation qualities in inducing biological damage can be assessed measuring DNA damage foci yields, only provided that artefacts related to the scoring technique are adequately considered. To this aim, we developed a unified stochastic modelling approach that, starting from radiation tracks, predicts both the induction, spatial distribution and complexity of DNA damage, and the experimental readout of foci when immunocytochemistry coupled to 2D fluorescence microscopy is used. The approach is used to interpret γ-H2AX data for photon and neutron exposures. When foci are reconstructed in the whole cell nucleus, we obtain information on damage characteristics “behind” experimental observations, as the average damage content of a focus. We reproduce how the detection technique affects experimental findings, e.g. contributing to the saturation of foci yields scored at 30 minutes after exposure with increasing dose and to the lack of dose dependence for yields at 24 hours.
Investigation of the core binding regions of human Werner syndrome and Fanconi anemia group J helicases on replication protein A
Authors: Yeom Gyuho , Kim Jinwoo , Park Chin-Ju
Published: September 2019

Werner syndrome protein (WRN) and Fanconi anemia group J protein (FANCJ) are human DNA helicases that contribute to genome maintenance. They interact with replication protein A (RPA), and these interactions dramatically enhance the unwinding activities of both helicases. Even though the interplay between these helicases and RPA is particularly important in the chemoresistance pathway of cancer cells, the precise binding regions, interfaces, and properties have not yet been characterized. Here we present systematic NMR analyses and fluorescence polarization anisotropy assays of both helicase-RPA interactions for defining core binding regions and binding affinities. Our results showed that two acidic repeats of human WRN bind to RPA70N and RPA70A. For FANCJ, the acidic-rich sequence in the C-terminal domain is the binding region for RPA70N. Our results suggest that each helicase interaction has unique features, although they both fit an acidic peptide into a basic cleft for RPA binding. Our findings shed light on the protein interactions involved in overcoming the DNA-damaging agents employed in the treatment of cancer and thus potentially provide insight into enhancing the efficacy of cancer therapy.
Structural characterization of vanadium environments in MCM-41 molecular sieve catalysts by solid state51V NMR
Authors: de Oliveira Marcos , Seeburg Dominik , Weiß Jana , Wohlrab Sebastian , Buntkowsky Gerd , Bentrup Ursula , Gutmann Torsten
Published: September 2019

Advanced analysis of51V NMR chemical shift and quadrupolar tensor parameters revealed novel insights into the structure of vanadium species in MCM-41-based catalysts.
Fast and deep oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene with catalysts of MoO3–TiO2@MCM-22 featuring adjustable Lewis and Brønsted acid sites
Authors: Luo Qian , Zhou Qi , Lin Yan , Wu Shaohua , Liu Hongyu , Du Cheng , Zhong Yuanyuan , Yang Chunping
Published: September 2019

The synthesis of high-performance and recyclable catalysts for oxidative desulfurization (ODS) from fuels has been a significant challenge.
Inkjet-printed aligned quantum rod enhancement films for their application in liquid crystal displays
Authors: Gupta Swadesh K. , Prodanov Maksym F. , Zhang Wanlong , Vashchenko Valerii V. , Dudka Tetiana , Rogach Andrey L. , Srivastava Abhishek K.
Published: September 2019

Inkjet printing of quantum rods on to the photoaligned substrate opens up the possibility of both brightness and color enhancement for liquid crystal displays (LCD) in the form of quantum rod enhancement films (QREF) for LCD backlights.
Mechanical probing of ferroelectrics at the nanoscale
Authors: Heo Y. , Sharma P. , Liu Y. Y. , Li J. Y. , Seidel J.
Published: September 2019

This article reviews AFM-based mechanical probing methods for ferroelectrics and discusses recent developments and future opportunities in this research area.
Universal versus Risk-Based Management of Unknown Group B Streptococcus Status at Term
Authors: Jones Danielle M. , Haikal Samantha O. , Whitham Megan D. , Howard David L.
Published: September 2019

Objectives This article estimates and compares public health costs of universal versus risk-based intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) administration for women with unknown Group B streptococcus (GBS) status at term.

Study Design The annual number of women in the U.S. who are: unscreened for GBS, without risk factors, delivering vaginally, multiparous, and eligible for discharge within 24 hours was estimated. Under the risk-based strategy, women and neonates were assumed to stay another day for observation and incur the cost of an additional 24-hour stay. With universal IAP administration, women delivering without complications were assumed to be discharged within 24 hours, with an incurred cost of penicillin.

Results The estimated cost for the risk-based management of unscreened women at term without rupture of membranes (ROM) > 18 hours ranged from $468,886,831 to $850,556,179. Similarly, the cost of managing unscreened women without maternal intrapartum fever (MIF) ranged from $742,024,791 to $919,269,233. Alternatively, universal IAP administration costs ranged from $470,107,674 to $568,359,086.5. Cost comparisons yielded an equivalence or up to a 33.2% reduction in cost, and 36.6 to 38.2% reduction in cost for women without ROM > 18 hours and MIF, respectively.

Conclusions Universal IAP may be cost saving due to the reduction in extended hospitalizations for neonates and healthy mothers.
Osteochondroma of the Coronoid Process and Joint Formation with Zygomatic Arch (Jacob Disease): Report of a Case
Authors: Yesildag Ahmet , Yariktas Murat , Doner Fehmi , Aydin Gulsen , Munduz Mehmet , Topal Ummuhan
Published: September 2019

Jacob disease is a rare condition consisting of pseudo joint formation between enlarged mandibular coronoid process and the inner surface of the zygoma. We report a 16-years-old male patient with Jacob disease who presented with restricted mouth opening and swelling of the right zygoma. In this report, clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings of the Jacob disease and its surgical approach are discussed. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:91-94)
Evaluation of Gaps or Voids Occurring in Roots Filled with Three Different Sealers
Authors: Akman Melek , Akman Serhan , Derinbay Oznur , Belli Sema
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate gaps or voids occurring in roots filled with three different sealers.

Methods: Thirty extracted human single-rooted teeth were decoronated, instrumented using NiTi rotary instruments, divided into three groups (n=10 per group) and obturated with one of the following: Epiphany with Resilon, MetaSEAL with gutta-percha or AH Plus with gutta-percha using the match-taper single-cone technique. After storage for one week in 100% humidity at 37°C, the teeth were horizontally sectioned (n=10). Photographs were taken from the coronal, median and apical parts of the roots using a stereomicroscope at 10X magnification, and the images were then transferred to a computer. The mathematical method known as the ‘Affine Transformation’ was used for the transformation of pixel coordinates to ground coordinates in the Netcad Software program. The mean areas (μm2) of the gaps between the sealer and root dentin or gutta percha/resilon and the gaps between the sealer and/or voids inside the sealer mass were measured, scored on a 0-3 scale and statistically analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results: The mean total area of gaps or voids for each sealer was 4631.80 μm2 for the Epiphany- Resilon, 3826.80 μm2 for the MetaSEAL-gutta-percha and 31334 μm2 for the AH Plus-gutta-percha. The MetaSEAL-gutta-percha group showed more gap or void-free interfaces. No significant differences were found among the sealers in the scores for the gap areas (P<.05), and the MetaSEAL showed similar interfaces with Epiphany.

Conclusions: No significant differences in the mean areas of gaps or voids were found among the tested resin-based sealers. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:101-109)
Effect of Different Bonding Strategies on Adhesion to Deep and Superficial Permanent Dentin
Authors: Fernandes Pegado Rafael Eduardo , Botelho do Amaral Flávia Lucisano , Flório Flávia Martão , Basting Roberta Tarkany
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of different bonding strategies on the microtensile bond strength to deep and superficial permanent dentin.

Methods: Forty-eight teeth were randomly flattened according to the dentin depth: superficial dentin (SD) and deep dentin (DD). Subsequently, three adhesive systems were applied (n=8): an etchand- rinse (Adper Single Bond 2 - SB), a “mild” two-step self-etching (Clearfil SE Bond - SE) and a one-step self-etching adhesive system (Futurabond – FB). Each specimen was restored with a composite resin and sectioned into 1.0-mm2 thick slabs. After 24 hours, resin-dentin sticks were submitted to tensile stress in a universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min). Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test at a level of 0.05%.

Results: Superficial dentin showed the highest microtensile bond strength values, which differed statistically from those obtained in the deep dentin, irrespective of the adhesive system used. FB yielded the highest bond strength values, which were statistically similar to the bond strength values of SE, but statistically different from those obtained when the SB adhesive was used.

Conclusions: Bond strength obtained in superficial dentin was significantly higher than in deep dentin, for all adhesive systems tested. Adhesion was affected by the different bonding strategies: the one-step, low pH, acetone-based self-etching adhesive promoted the higher bond strength values, which were statistically similar to those obtained with the two-step, water-based self-etching adhesive. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:110-117)
Evaluation of Demands and Needs For Dental Care in a Sample of the Turkish Population
Authors: Pekiner Filiz , Gumru Birsay , Borahan Mehmet Oguz , Aytugar Emre
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To evaluate the demands and needs for dental care and to identify the level of dental and periodontal status in patients of different age groups visiting the Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Methods: A total of 1000 first-visit patients (517 female and 483 male) were examined and questioned. The main complaint of each patient was recorded and considered to be a measure of demand for dental care. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) basic methods were used to determine the tooth-based and orthodontic normative treatment needs. Periodontal status was determined by using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN). In addition, prosthetic normative needs were assessed.

Results: This study showed that patients in different age groups required different treatments and had different main complaints. In total, 89.3, 74.1 and 57.7% of the patients named periodontal, restorative and prosthetic care as their main complaint, respectively. Approximately 21% of the total did not need restorations and extractions, and only 12% of the sample did not have a normative periodontal treatment need. About half of subjects needed fixed partial dentures.

Conclusions: Normative treatment needs of patients were very high. Therefore, a new national strategy for oral health must be devised for Turkey. This study can assist in setting the baseline for that strategy. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:143-149)
Endogenous pH, Titratable Acidity and Total Soluble Solid Content of Mouthwashes Available in the Brazilian Market
Authors: Cavalcanti Alessandro Leite , Ramos Ianny Alves , Leite Rafaela Bastos , Oliveira Mariana da Costa , Menezes Karynna de Melo , Fernandes Lígia Virgínio , de Castro Ricardo Dias , Vieira Fernando Fernandes
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To evaluate in vitro the endogenous pH, titratable acidity and total soluble solid content (TSSC) of mouthwashes available in the Brazilian market.

Methods: The study sample was composed of 10 commercial brands of mouthwashes based on different active ingredients: Cepacol®, Clinerize®, Equate®, Listerine Cool Citrus®, Oral-B®, Periogard ®, Peroxyl®, Plax Overnight®, Prevident 220® and Sanifill®. The experiments were performed in triplicate. The endogenous pH was evaluated by potentiometry, titratable acidity was evaluated by the addition of 0.1N KOH increments to the mouthwashes, and TSSC readings were performed by Brix refractometry using the Abbé refractometer.

Results: pH values ranged from 3.56 (Peroxyl®) to 7.43 (Cepacol®) and three mouthwashes presented pHs below 5.5. The titratable acidity values ranged from 0.007 (Periograd®) to 0.530 (Prevident ®). Oral B® and Clinerize® presented the lowest (4.7%) and the highest (23.70%) TSSC, respectively.

Conclusions: Some of the mouthwashes evaluated in this study presented low endogenous pH, even below the critical value for enamel dissolution (pH<5.5), high titratable acidity and high TSSC, and may be potentially erosive to the dental tissues if not properly used. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:156-159)
Color Preferences of Patients Receiving Elastic Ligatures
Authors: Elekdag-Turk Selma , Ozkalayci Nurhat , Isci Devrim , Turk Tamer
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To determine the color preferences for elastic ligatures among patients receiving fixed-appliance orthodontic therapy.

Methods: Five hundred patients with metal brackets (336 female patients and 164 male patients) were included, and their color preferences for elastic ligatures were recorded using a color scale. Chi-square analysis was performed to evaluate the color preferences and to determine the influence of age and gender on color preferences (P<.05).

Results: Two hundred and seventy-six patients (55.2%) preferred strikingly colorful elastic ligatures, while 224 patients (44.8%) preferred less noticeable elastic ligatures. No significant difference was observed between the color preferences of female and male patients (P>.05). However, significant differences were observed between the color preferences of adolescents and older patients (P<.001).

Conclusions: Female patients preferred red–purple-colored tones, while male patients preferred blue–black-colored tones. Adolescents preferred colorful elastic ligatures, while older patients preferred ligatures with less-noticeable colors. A stock of 10–12 colorful and less-noticeable elastic ligatures seems to be adequate to ensure patient satisfaction. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:171-174)
Effect of Energy Density on the Physical Properties of Resin-Based Restorative Materials when Polymerized with Quartz-Tungsten Halogen or LED-Light
Authors: Ruttermann Stefan , Tomruk Senay , Raab Wolfgang H. M. , Janda Ralf
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate flexural strengths, moduli, and maximum deflection of Clearfil AP-X (APX) and Ceram-X Mono (CXM) when cured with a quartz-tungsten halogen (QTH) or an LED-light (LED).

Methods: Specimens were made according to ISO 4049 and cured with QTH or LED for 10, 20 or 60 s. Flexural strength, modulus, and deflection were determined after 24 h water storage at 37°C and after thermocycling. Statistical significance was P<.05.

Results: Flexural strength did not depend on energy density or curing light and was significantly higher for APX than for CXM but decreased after thermocycling for both materials. Modulus and deflection depended on energy density. Modulus was significantly higher for APX than for CXM and increased for APX but decreased for CXM after thermocycling. Deflection decreased with increasing energy density and decreased after thermocycling. Though energy density did not influence flexural strength, it positively correlated with flexural modulus and negatively with maximum deflection.

Conclusions: Energy density did not influence flexural strength but modulus and deflection. Thermocycling affected all material properties. The LED was as effective as the QTH. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:183-191)
Restoration of the Severely Decayed Tooth Using Crown Lengthening with Simultaneous Tooth-Preparation
Authors: Park Jun-Beom
Published: September 2019

This clinical case describes a treatment approach that combines, in a single appointment, a crown lengthening procedure and the final crown preparation for the restoration of a severely decayed tooth. This approach allows for a more accurate placement of the crown margin in relation to the bone crest while reducing treatment time. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:197-201)
Ectodermal Dysplasia with Anodontia: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Bani Mehmet , Tezkirecioglu Ali Melih , Akal Nese , Tuzuner Tamer
Published: September 2019

Ectodermal dysplasia is a hereditary disorder that occurs as a consequence of disturbances in the ectoderm of the developing embryo. The triad of nail dystrophy, alopecia or hypotrichosis and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis is usually accompanied by a lack of sweat glands and a partial or complete absence of primary and/or permanent dentition. Two case reports illustrating the prosthetic rehabilitation of 2 young boys with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia associated with severe anodontia are presented. Since the oral rehabilitation of these cases is often difficult; particularly in pediatric patients, treatment should be administered by a multidisciplinary team involving pediatric dentistry, orthodontics, prosthodontics and oral-maxillofacial surgery. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:215-222)
Frequency of Developmental Dental Anomalies in the Indian Population
Authors: Guttal Kruthika S , Naikmasur Venkatesh G , Bhargava Puneet , Bathi Renuka J
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of developmental dental anomalies in the Indian population.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted over a period of 1 year and comprised both clinical and radiographic examinations in oral medicine and radiology outpatient department. Adult patients were screened for the presence of dental anomalies with appropriate radiographs. A comprehensive clinical examination was performed to detect hyperdontia, talon cusp, fused teeth, gemination, concrescence, hypodontia, dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, macro- and microdontia and taurodontism. Patients with syndromes were not included in the study.

Results: Of the 20,182 patients screened, 350 had dental anomalies. Of these, 57.43% of anomalies occurred in male patients and 42.57% occurred in females. Hyperdontia, root dilaceration, pegshaped laterals (microdontia), and hypodontia were more frequent compared to other dental anomalies of size and shape.

Conclusions: Dental anomalies are clinically evident abnormalities. They may be the cause of various dental problems. Careful observation and appropriate investigations are required to diagnose the condition and institute treatment. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:263-269)
The Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma in Edentulous Patients: Report of Three Unique Cases
Authors: Etoz Osman A. , Demirbas Ahmet Emin , Bulbul Mehmet , Akay Ebru
Published: September 2019

The peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a rare reactive exophytic lesion taking place on the gingiva and alveolar ridge usually as a result of local irritating factors such as trauma, tooth extraction, badly finished fillings, unstable dental prosthesis, plaque, calculus, chronic infections, and impacted food. This article presents 3 cases of PGCG that presented at the same location of the edentulous mandible of patients that using complete denture for over ten years. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:329-333)
The Effect of Framework Design on Stress Distribution in Implant-Supported FPDs: A 3-D FEM Study
Authors: Eraslan Oguz , Inan Ozgur , Secilmis Asli
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The biomechanical behavior of the superstructure plays an important role in the functional longevity of dental implants. However, information about the influence of framework design on stresses transmitted to the implants and supporting tissues is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of framework designs on stress distribution at the supporting bone and supporting implants.

Methods: In this study, the three-dimensional (3D) finite element stress analysis method was used. Three types of 3D mathematical models simulating three different framework designs for implant- supported 3-unit posterior fixed partial dentures were prepared with supporting structures. Convex (1), concave (2), and conventional (3) pontic framework designs were simulated. A 300-N static vertical occlusal load was applied on the node at the center of occlusal surface of the pontic to calculate the stress distributions. As a second condition, frameworks were directly loaded to evaluate the effect of the framework design clearly. The Solidworks/Cosmosworks structural analysis programs were used for finite element modeling/analysis.

Results: The analysis of the von Mises stress values revealed that maximum stress concentrations were located at the loading areas for all models. The pontic side marginal edges of restorations and the necks of implants were other stress concentration regions. There was no clear difference among models when the restorations were loaded at occlusal surfaces. When the veneering porcelain was removed, and load was applied directly to the framework, there was a clear increase in stress concentration with a concave design on supporting implants and bone structure.

Conclusions: The present study showed that the use of a concave design in the pontic frameworks of fixed partial dentures increases the von Mises stress levels on implant abutments and supporting bone structure. However, the veneering porcelain element reduces the effect of the framework and compensates for design weaknesses. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:374-382)
Effects of Finger Pressure Applied By Dentists during Cementation of All-Ceramic Crowns
Authors: Zortuk Mustafa , Bolpaca Pinar , Kilic Kerem , Ozdemir Eylem , Aguloglu Suleyman
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To compare the finger pressure applied by dentists during cementation and to examine the effect of gender and time of day on finger pressure.

Methods: Fifteen dentists (9 males, 6 females) formed a study group and 10 master dies in premolar shape and Turcom Cera all-ceramic crowns were prepared to measure the maximum finger pressure applied by dentists during cementation. The dentists performed a total of 300 cementation processes. One-way analysis of variance and independent t tests were used to evaluate the results.

Results: A statistically significant difference was found in the amount of pressure applied during cementation (P<.005). However, there was no significant difference for time of day or gender according to one-way analysis of variance.

Conclusions: Our results show that finger pressure varies by dentist. For this reason, the optimum pressure should be determined exactly. Special equipment or an apparatus could be developed to apply that pressure. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:383-388)
Age Estimation for Dental Patients Using Orthopantomographs
Authors: Karaarslan Bekir , Karaarslan Emine Sirin , Ozsevik Abdul Semih , Ertas Ertan
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to conduct age estimates for dental patients using orthopantomographs (OPGs). The OPGs were selected by an independent author with respect to criteria and evaluated by two independent dentists. The results were compared to chronologic ages. The reliability of the estimates, concurrently made by the two independent dentists using OPGs, was also evaluated.

Methods: In this retrospective study, the OPGs of 238 Turkish individuals of known chronological age, ranging from 1 to 60 years, were measured. Patients were then classified. Radiographs were evaluated by two independent dentists and age estimation was achieved according to the decades.

Results: The truest age estimates made by the dentists were in the 1-10 years age range (89.6%), the most inaccurate age estimates were in the 41-50 years age range (41.7%). Results indicate that the accuracy of age estimation diminishes with age.

Conclusions: Despite the variations related to the practitioners, in this study, there were no significant differences in age estimations between the two participant practitioners. Age estimation through evaluating OPGs was the most accurate in the first decade and the least in fourth decade. It can be concluded that OPGs are not adequate for accurate age estimation. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:389-394)
An Assessment of the Relationship between the Maxillary Sinus Floor and the Maxillary Posterior Teeth Root Tips Using Dental Cone-beam Computerized Tomography
Authors: Kilic Cenk , Kamburoglu Kivanc , Yuksel Selcen Pehlivan , Ozen Tuncer
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between the maxillary sinus floor and the maxillary posterior teeth root tips using dental cone-beam CT.

Methods: A total of 87 right and 89 left maxillary sinus regions from 92 patients were examined using dental cone-beam CT. Images were analyzed by a specialist in oral and maxillofacial radiology. Perpendicular lines were drawn on the cross-sectional images between the deepest point of the maxillary sinus floor and the root tips of the maxillary first and second premolars and first, second and third molars, and the distances were measured using built-in measurement tools. Means, standard deviations and minimum and maximum values were calculated for all right and left premolars and molars. T-tests were used to compare measurements between left and right sides and between female and male patients.

Results: The distance between sinus floor and root tip was longest for the first premolar root tip and shortest for the second molar buccodistal root tip for both right and left sides. No statistically significant differences were found between the right and left side measurements or between female and male patients (P>.05).

Conclusions: Knowledge of the anatomical relationship between the maxillary sinus floor and the maxillary posterior teeth root tips is important for the preoperative treatment planning of maxillary posterior teeth. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:462-467)
Oral Health Attitudes and Behavior among a Group of Dental Students in Bangalore, India
Authors: Neeraja R , Kayalvizhi G , Sangeetha P
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To evaluate self-reported oral health attitudes and behavior among a group of dental students in Bangalore, India and to compare the oral health attitudes of students of different years of dental school. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire based on a modified version of the Hiroshima University Dental Behavior Inventory (HU-DBI) was administered to 250 dental students. Results: Significant differences (P<.05) were observed among students of different years in the degree of worrying about the color of the teeth, not having been to the dentist before and brushing each tooth carefully. Strongly significant differences (P<.001) were observed among students of different years in brushing the teeth twice daily, being satisfied with the appearance of the teeth, cleaning the teeth well without toothpaste, visiting dentist only when having a toothache, taking too much time to brush their teeth, worrying about having bad breath and using mouth rinse on a regular basis. Conclusions: Among dental students, the overall knowledge of oral health was good, even though there were deficits in knowledge in a few areas. The oral health attitudes and behavior of dental students improved with increasing levels of education. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:163-167)
Children’s Perception of Their Dentists
Authors: AlSarheed Maha
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess school children’s feelings and attitudes toward their dentist. Methods: A questionnaire designed to evaluate children’s attitudes and preferences toward dentists was completed by 583 children (289 females, 294 males) with age range 9-12 years attending public schools. Results: 76% of the children who completed the questionnaire reported that they had been to the dentist before. Of the children who had visited the dentist, approximately 64% reported liking their visit, 11% didn’t like their visit, and 12% were afraid. 90% of the children preferred their dentist to wear a white coat, while 40% preferred them to wear a mask and protective eye glasses as protective measures during treatment. When asked to choose between two pictures of different clinical settings, 63% of the children indicated that they preferred a decorated dental clinic over a plain clinic. Fear of local anesthesia and tooth extraction were the most common reasons cited for not liking dental treatment. Conclusions: Children have strong perceptions and preferences regarding their dentists. Data collected for this study can be used by dentists to improve delivery of care. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:186-190)
Do Resin Cements Alter Action Potentials of Isolated Rat Sciatic Nerve?
Authors: Ertan Ahmet Atila , Beriat Nilufer Celebi , Onur Mehmet Ali , Tan Gamze , Cehreli Murat Cavit
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects dual-cure resin cements on nerve conduction. Methods: Panavia F, RelyX ARC, and Variolink II polymerized either by light-emitting diode (LED) or quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) were used in the study (n=10). The conductance of sciatic nerves of 50 rats were measured before and after contact with the specimens for 1 h. Results: The time-dependent change in nerve conductance and the comparison of LED versus QTH showed that differences between groups are significant (P&.05). For both polymerization techniques, pair-wise comparisons of resin cements showed that the nerve conductance between groups is different (P&.05). RelyX ARC elicited irreversible inhibition of compound action potentials (more than 50% change) and Panavia F and Variolink II polymerized by LED and QTH did not alter nerve conduction beyond physiologic limits. Conclusions: Resin cements may alter nerve conductance and even lead to neurotoxic effects. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:199-205)
Nanoleakage for Self-Adhesive Resin Cements used in Bonding CAD/CAD Ceramic Material to Dentin
Authors: El-Badrawy Wafa , Hafez Randa Mohamed , El Naga Abeer Ibrahim Abo , Ahmed Doaa Ragai
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To determine nanoleakage of CAD/CAM ceramic blocks bonded to dentin with selfadhesive resin cement. Methods: Eighteen sound extracted human molars were sterilized and sectioned into 3 mm-thick dentin sections. Trilux Cerec Vitablocks (Vita) were also sectioned into 3 mm sections, surfacetreated using 5% hydrofluoric acid-etchant, and then coated with silane primer (Vita). Trilux and dentin sections were cemented together by means of three resin cements: Rely-X Unicem (3M/ ESPE), BisCem (Bisco), and Calibra (Dentsply), according to manufacturers' recommendations. Calibra was used in conjunction with Prime/Bond-NT adhesive (Dentsply), while the other two are self-adhesive. The bonded specimens were stored for 24h in distilled water at 37°C. Specimens were vertically sectioned into 1 mm- thick slabs, yielding up to six per specimen. Two central slabs were randomly chosen from each specimen making up the cement groups (n=12). Each group was subdivided into two subgroups (n=6), a control and a thermocycled subgroup (5-55°C) for 500 cycles. Slabs were coated with nail polish up to 1 mm from the interface, immersed in a 50% silver nitrate solution for 24h, and tested for nanoleakage using Quanta Environmental SEM and EDAX. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests. Results: Rely-X Unicem and Calibra groups demonstrated no significant difference in the percentage of silver penetration, while the BisCem group revealed a significantly higher percentage (P≤.05). Thermocycling (500 cycles) did not have a statistically significant effect on the percentage of silver penetration (P>.05). Conclusions: One self-adhesive-resin cement demonstrated a similar sealing ability when compared with a standard resin cement. Thermo-cycling did not significantly increase dye penetration under the test conditions. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:281-290)
Resolution of Anterior Scleritis after Periodontal Therapy
Authors: Guncu Guliz Nigar , Caglayan Feriha
Published: September 2019

Scleritis is a chronic inflammation that involves the outermost coat and the skeleton of the eye. Scleritis may be associated with a systemic or immune mediated disease and it might be caused by an infection, trauma or drug reaction. This case presents a patient with generalized chronic periodontitis and anterior diffuse scleritis. A 30-year-old female complained of pain and persistent scleritis in the left eye was referred to the Periodontology department due to her periodontal problems. She was treated with oral non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and topical medications (corticosteroid) for her scleritis during last two years. However, these treatments failed to control the progression of the disease. After periodontal examination, deep periodontal pockets and serious bone loss was detected radiographically. She was treated by flap procedures and 3 teeth were extracted. After a 4-month healing period, scleritis was resulted in rapid resolution. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:337-339)
The Frequency and Characteristics of Mesiodens in a Turkish Patient Population
Authors: Kazanci Fatih , Celikoglu Mevlut , Miloglu Ozkan , Yildirim Hanifi , Ceylan Ismail
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and characteristics of mesiodens among a group of orthodontic patients in Turkey. Methods: A retrospective study was performed using panoramic radiographs of 3,351 patients ranging in age from 8 to 16 subjected to dental treatment in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Department of Orthodontics (Erzurum, Turkey) between 1996 and 2008. All medical and demographic data (age and sex) were obtained from the files. Descriptive characteristics of mesiodentes, including number, shape, position, complication caused by mesiodens and treatment were recorded. The Chi-squared test was used. Results: Results show that the frequency of mesiodens was 0.3% with the ratio of boys (6 cases) to girls (4 cases) being 1.5:1 and this was not statistically significant (P>.05). Of the 10 children, 8 (80.0%) had 1 mesiodens and 2 (20.0%) had 2 mesiodentes bilaterally to midline. Of the 12 mesiodentes, 8 (66.7%) were fully impacted, 7 (58.3%) in a vertical position and 9 (75.0%) conical shape. The most common complication caused by mesiodens was delayed eruption of the permanent incisors in 4 cases (40.0%). Conclusions: The frequency of mesiodens in Turkish orthodontic patients was found to be 0.3% and more frequently in males with the ratio being approximately 1.5:1. Most of the mesiodentes were in conical shape (75.0%). Sixty-seven percent of the cases were fully impacted. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:361-365)