bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological Relevance and Prognostic Value of Androgen Receptor in Mammary Paget’s Disease with Underlying Invasive Ductal Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Menglu , Meng Xiangzhi , Guo Changyuan , Liu Jiaqi , Xing Zeyu , Wang Xin , Wang Xiang
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Mammary Paget’s disease (MPD) is a rare cutaneous manifestation. Epidemiologically, more than half of the MPD patients concurrently have underlying invasive ductal carcinoma (MPD-IDC), and their prognosis remains poor despite multimodal treatments of breast cancer have markedly improved patients’ survival. Accordingly, it is crucial to seek out novel therapeutic targets of MPD-IDC. As an emerging biological marker, the value of androgen receptor (AR) in MPD-IDC is inconsistent. Our objectives were to investigate the associations between AR and clinicopathological factors, and to explore its prognostic value in MPD-IDC. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 103 MPD-IDC patients, and immunohistochemical staining was used to determine their AR statuses. Results: AR was expressed in 44 patients (42.7%), and AR expression was significantly correlated with body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.038) and axillary lymph node (ALN) status (p = 0.025). Kaplan-Meier curves showed that AR positivity was significantly associated with better overall survival (OS) in MPD-IDC patients (p = 0.019) and estrogen receptor-negative MPD-IDC patients (p = 0.039). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that AR was not an independent prognostic indicator of disease-free survival (DFS) or OS in MPD-IDC patients (p = 0.395 and p = 0.073, respectively). Conclusions: In contrast to AR-negative tumors, patients with AR-positive ones were more likely to have lower BMI, no ALN metastasis, and better OS. AR-targeted treatments for MPD-IDC may add to existing therapeutic approaches to improve their effectiveness.
An Exploration into Mothers’ Experiences of Feeding Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in South Africa
Authors: Adams Skye Nandi , Dadabhay Attiya , Neille Joanne
Published: July 2020

Objectives: To explore the experiences of mothers feeding their children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in South Africa as well as to better understand the impact of context and culture on feeding disorders. Participants and Methods: A qualitative research design was employed. Seven mothers of 8 children (1 mother had twins), aged 4—9 years, who were diagnosed with ASD and who had associated feeding difficulties participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and data were transcribed and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: Findings indicated that children with ASD and feeding difficulties increase parental stress and anxiety. Novel findings pertaining to context and culture showed the negative impact feeding difficulties have on the siblings, the role taken on by the mother as the caregiver and the provider, and an additional financial burden associated with feeding a child with ASD. Conclusions: Findings add to the field of speech therapy by providing awareness of the challenges experienced by these mothers as well as those that are unique to the South African context. In addition, the current study provides insight into the experiences of mothers from different contexts and cultural backgrounds to those reported in previous literature.
Fungal infection risks associated with the use of cytokine antagonists and immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Li Xin , Lau Susanna KP , Woo Patrick CY
Published: July 2020

The revolutionary success of biologic agents in treating various malignant and autoimmune conditions has been met with increased risk of opportunistic infections due to perturbations in immunity. In patients receiving biologic-containing regimens, the risk of fungal infection is less well-understood, and there is a lack of established guideline on the standard of care in terms of screening and prophylaxis. In this article, we reviewed the risk of fungal infections associated with cytokine antagonists, including anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents and interleukin (IL) antagonists, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. The risk of fungal infection in this group of patients is drug-, pathogen-, host-, and context-dependent. Among the biologic agents reviewed, anti-TNF agents are associated with highest number of reported cases of fungal infection, especially histoplasmosis. In fact, infection due to all dimorphic fungi except Talaromyces marneffei have been reported in patients receiving TNF-α inhibitors, despite their widespread use in T. marneffei-endemic regions. The risk is higher with TNF-α inhibitors that block both the membrane-bound and soluble forms of TNF-α, i.e., infliximab and adalimumab, compared with etanercept which inhibits the soluble form only. In addition to the preferential suppression of Th1 pathway and granuloma formation leading to genuinely higher risk of infection, the longer history and extensive use of infliximab coupled with the endemicity of histoplasmosis in the United States lead to an apparent increase in reported cases. IL-17 antagonists lead to a moderate increase in mucocutaneous candidiasis, but not the risk of life-threatening mycosis, consistent with the essential role of Th17 cells in mucosal defense. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, on the other hand, do not significantly increase the risk of invasive fungal infections when used alone and may even be of therapeutic value in the treatment of severe and refractory mycosis.

Impact statement

The risk of opportunistic infections due to fungi is relatively less well addressed in patients receiving biologic agents, compared with other opportunistic bacterial and viral infections. There is a lack of consensus guideline on the screening, prophylaxis, and management of fungal infection in patients anticipated to receive or actively receiving biologic therapy. In addition, invasive mycosis in immunocompromised patients is associated with high mortality and morbidity. This review highlighted the risk of fungal infection in patients receiving cytokine antagonists and immune checkpoint inhibitors, two big categories of biologic agents that are widely used in the treatment of various autoimmune and malignant conditions, often in combination with other immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive agents but also as standalone therapy. The adverse outcomes of opportunistic fungal infection in these patients can be reduced by heightened awareness, active case finding, and prompt treatment.
Correction to: In search of potential predictors of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) hyporesponsiveness: a population-based study
Authors: Ingrasciotta Ylenia , Lacava Viviana , Marcianò Ilaria , Giorgianni Francesco , Tripepi Giovanni , Arrigo Graziella D’. , Chinellato Alessandro , Tari Daniele Ugo , Santoro Domenico , Trifirò Gianluca
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
A mobile app for Glaucoma diagnosis and its possible clinical applications
Authors: Guo Fan , Li Weiqing , Zhao Xin , Qiu Junfeng , Mai Yuxiang
Published: July 2020

Background

Nowadays, the latent power of technology, which can offer innovative resolutions to disease diagnosis, has awakened high-level anticipation in the community of patients as well as professionals. An easy-to-use mobile app is developed by us, which is purposefully intended for those patients with glaucoma.

Methods

A mobile App has been invented for smartphones for the convenient use wherever and whenever. The corresponding experiments carried out by public retinal image database and real captured clinical data reveal the ideal classification accuracy of the App. Also, user feedback evaluation is also carried out in terms of performance test as well as and users’ experience.

Results

For clinical test using Yanbao App, we found 274 patients for the identification with 648 retinal images to be evaluated by glaucoma classification. Of the 243 glaucoma patients, 191 were screened out with an accuracy of 0.7860 (sensitivity); the number of non-glaucoma patients was 310 of 405, and the accuracy reached 0.7654 (specificity).` The total Accuracy amounted to 0.7731, and the result is close to the test performance obtained on public dataset ORIGA and DRISHTI-GS1.

Conclusions

Yanbao App can be applied as an innovative approach exploiting mobile technology to enhance the clinicians’ efficiency and a balanced medical resources as well as a provided better tiered medical service system.
Analysis of Non-Formal Education Tutor Capabilities in Exploring Assessment for Science Learning
Authors: Darmawan D. , Yatimah D. , Sasmita K. , Syah R.
Published: July 2020

This study aims to explore cognitive assessment techniques based on teaching experience. The method in this study uses a descriptive survey with data collection techniques using purposive sampling of tutors who have taught at PKBM for 5 years. The population in this study were PKBM (Pusat Kegiatan Masyarakat or Community Learning Center) tutors in Jakarta at Package A, Package B, and Package C, namely 158 tutors with details as follows; Package A 45 tutors, Package B 53 Tutors, and Package C 60 tutors. Data collection was done by using question forms and data analysis used descriptive translation to obtain an average frequency of learning assessment techniques. The statistical analysis used Confirmatory Factor Analysis, so that it can be seen directly and indirectly. The results showed that the dominant assessment technique used in non-formal science tutors was a written test that averaged 32 times in one semester. A group of tutors with 5 to 10 years of teaching experience using a variety of assessment techniques. Descriptively, it can be said that the use of the frequency spectrum of cognitive assessment techniques is coupled with experienced tutors with a tendency in written tests. In this study, the results show that the preparation of assessment in non-formal education there is an influence between the preparation of the assessment of the implementation of the assessment. So it is necessary to improve tutor assessment preparation.
Deformation analysis of deep foundation pit excavation in China under time–space effect
Authors: Zhang Qingwei
Published: July 2020

The excavation of a deep foundation pit often causes deformation, so it is of great value to analyse the issue. In this study, the space–time effect of foundation pit deformation was introduced, and then the deformation of a deep foundation pit in Anyang, China, was monitored and analysed. The results showed that the displacement of the foundation pit enclosure structure increased gradually with the progress of the project, and there was a gap between the displacement values of different parts. The maximum displacement at the middle point of the long side was 13 mm, and that of the corner was only 5 mm. The vertical displacement of the surrounding buildings increased with the progress of the project, and the displacement value near the corner of the foundation pit was relatively small. The closer the surrounding pipelines were to the middle point of the foundation pit, the larger the displacement value was, and the displacement value also increased with the progress of the project. The results of this study show that the deformation of a deep foundation pit accords with the time–space effect, which provides some references for the deformation analysis of deep foundation pit engineering.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) protocol for imaging living materials v1
Authors: Priks Hans , Butelmann Tobias
Published: July 2020

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can be used to image cells and colonies immobilized inside hydrogels after supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) extraction. Supercritical CO2 extraction can also be used on suspension cells after filtering the sample onto a 0.2 μM filter attached into the extractors carriers. This protocol gives an overview on how different techniques can be used to characterize triblock copolymer hydrogels.
SARS-CoV2 GISAID submission protocol v1
Authors: Alikhan Nabil-Fareed , Griffiths Emma , Timme Ruth , MacCannell Duncan
Published: July 2020

This protocol provides the steps needed to establish a new GISAID submission environment for your laboratory. Once established, this protocol covers genome submission sample meta to GISAID.
SARS-CoV-2 EBI submission protocol: ENA, BioSample, and BioProject v1
Authors: Alikhan Nabil-Fareed , Timme Ruth , Griffiths Emma , MacCannell Duncan
Published: July 2020

This protocol provides the steps needed to establish a new EBI submission environment for your laboratory, including BioProject(s). Once established, this protocol covers raw read submission to EBI and sample metadata to BioSample. For new submitters, there's quite a bit of groundwork that needs to be established before a laboratory can start its first data submission. We recommend that one person in the laboratory take a few days to get everything set up in advance of when you expect to do your first data submission. Two protocols cover the PHA4GE guidance for SARS-CoV-2 submission to EBI Complete in order (1 then 2): 1. SARS-CoV-2 EBI submission protocol: ENA, BioSample, and BioProject (included protocol) Step-by-step instructions for establishing a new EBI (Webin) submission account and for creating and linking a new BioProject to an existing umbrella effort. SARS-CoV-2 raw data submission to ENA (European Nucleotide Archive) and metadata to BioSample. 2. SARS-CoV-2 EBI assembly submission protocol Required: established BioProject and BioSamples Submit SARS-CoV-2 assemblies to EBI, linking to existing BioProject, BioSamples, and raw data.
SARS-CoV2 EBI assembly submission protocol v1
Authors: Alikhan Nabil-Fareed , Griffiths Emma , Timme Ruth , MacCannell Duncan
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE: This protocol covers the steps for submitting a SARS-CoV-2 assembly to ENA For new submitters, there's quite a bit of groundwork that needs to be established before a laboratory can start its first data submission. We recommend that one person in the laboratory take a few days to get everything set up in advance of when you expect to do your first data submission. Two protocols cover the PHA4GE guidance for SARS-CoV-2 submission to ENA (Raw sequence data, metadata, and assemblies) Complete in order (1 then 2): 1. SARS-CoV-2 EBI submission protocol: ENA, BioSample, and BioProject Step-by-step instructions for establishing a new Webin laboratory submission account and for creating and linking a new BioProject to an existing umbrella effort. Submit SARS-CoV-2 raw data to ENA (European Nucleotide Archive) and metadata. 2. SARS-CoV-2 EBI assembly submission protocol (included protocol) Required: established BioProject and BioSamples Submit SARS-CoV-2 assemblies to ENA linking to existing BioProject, BioSamples, and raw data.
COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria: Palliative Measures and the Politics of Vulnerability
Authors: Eranga Isaac Omo-Ehiabhi
Published: July 2020

In a bid to slow the rate of spread of the virus, the Federal Government of Nigeria, on several occasions, imposed targeted lockdown measures in areas with rapid increase of Covid-19 cases. The states in which the federal government imposed the targeted lockdown included Lagos, Ogun, and the Federal Capital Territory in Abuja. Some States in the country imposed partial lockdown and closure of interstate boarders. Curfews have also been introduced in all the states nationwide. To alleviate the effects of the lockdown, the Federal Government of Nigeria rolled out palliative measures for targeted groups. However, lamentations have trailed the distribution of government palliatives by the masses. Citizens allege that the process of distribution of palliatives had been politicized.

Key words: • Corona virus • Covid-19 • Nigeria • Palliatives

 

Copyright © 2020 Eranga. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
Cholera in the Time of MINUSTAH: Experiences of Community Members Affected by Cholera in Haiti
Authors: Bartels Susan , Fraulin Georgia , Lee Sabine
Published: July 2020

Background: In October 2010, 10 months after a catastrophic earthquake, Haiti experienced the largest and most deadly cholera outbreak of the 21st century with 820,000 reported cases and up to 10,000 deaths. Nepalese United Nations (UN) peacekeepers are widely believed to have introduced cholera, and the UN formally accepted responsibility for the outbreak in 2016. The current analysis examines how Haitian community members experienced the cholera epidemic and documents their attitudes around accountability and delayed reparations from the UN.Methods: Using a narrative capture tool, 12 Haitian research assistants collected micronarratives in 2017 from participants surrounding 10 UN bases in Haiti. Seventy-seven micronarratives focused on cholera were selected for thematic analysis, which was conducted by two independent coders. Relevant stories were chosen to present a diverse selection of experiences and attitudes related to cholera.Results: Five major themes were identified: 1) Cholera cases and deaths; 2) Accessing care and services; 3) Protests and riots against the UN; 4) Reparations; and 5) Anti-colonialism. Findings highlight the fear and frustration caused by the cholera outbreak and the devastating impact it had on affected families and communities, which was compounded in some cases by an inability to access life-saving medical care. Widespread anger against the UN was also evident and led to protests and riots against the peacekeepers. Most participants believed that the UN should compensate cholera victims but there was significant misinformation about the reparation process. The UN’s culpability in the cholera epidemic provoked anti-colonial sentiments and a call to end the UN’s ‘occupation’ of Haiti.Conclusions: Haiti’s cholera victims and their families deserve clear and transparent updates from the UN and the committed material compensation for cholera must be delivered to affected families. Focused investments to improve access to safe water and adequate sanitation must be instituted to eradicate cholera in Haiti. To rebuild trust in the UN and foreign aid, the committed material compensation must be provided in partnership with local Haitians organizations who consult with community members throughout each step of the process.
New insights into the crystal chemistry of sauconite (Zn-smectite) from the Skorpion zinc deposit (Namibia) via a multi-methodological approach
Authors: Schingaro Emanuela , Ventruti Gennaro , Vinci Doriana , Balassone Giuseppina , Mondillo Nicola , Nieto Fernando , Lacalamita Maria , Leoni Matteo
Published: July 2020

A multi-methodical characterization of a sauconite (Zn-bearing trioctahedral smectite) specimen from the Skorpion ore deposit (Namibia) was performed by combining X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), cation exchange capacity (CEC) analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermo-gravimetry (TG), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM-HRTEM-AEM). The X-ray diffraction pattern exhibits the typical features of turbostratic stacking disorder with symmetrical basal 00l reflections and long-tailed hk bands, as confirmed by TEM observations. Besides sauconite, the sample contains minor amounts of kaolinite, dioctahedral smectite, and quartz. CEC analysis provides a total of Ca (~69%), Mg (~26%), Na (~4%), and K (0.7%) exchangeable cations. Therefore, Zn is located exclusively within the octahedral site of sauconite. TG analysis of the sample yields a total mass loss of about 17%. Three endothermic peaks can be observed in the DTA curve, associated with dehydration and dehydroxylation of the material. An exothermic peak at 820 °C is also present as a consequence of decomposition and recrystallization. The infrared spectrum shows the typical Zn3OH stretching signature at 3648 cm–1, whereas, in the OH/H2O stretching region two bands at 3585 and 3440 cm–1 can be attributed to stretching vibrations of the inner hydration sphere of the interlayer cations and to absorbed H2O stretching vibration, respectively. Diagnostic bands of kaolinite impurity at ~3698 and 3620 cm–1 are also found, whereas 2:1 dioctahedral layer silicates may contribute to the 3585 and 3620 cm–1 bands. Finally, using the one-layer supercell approach implemented in the BGMN software, a satisfactory XRPD profile fitting model for the Skorpion sauconite was obtained. These findings have implications not only for economic geology/recovery of critical metals but also, more generally, in the field of environmental sciences.
Penyembuhan Baby Blues Syndrome dan Post-Partum Depression Melalui Chandra Namaskara dan Brahmari Pranayama
Authors: Dewi Ni Wayan Sri Prabawati Kusuma
Published: July 2020

Babies born through both normal and caesarean (sc) procedures, 50-80% make the mother face the risk of baby blues syndrome and post-partum depression. Baby blues syndrome, occurs in the first 2 weeks after giving birth, triggered by physical changes such as  swelling of the breast, pain in the area around the birth canal and uterus, changes in muscle tone, physical and mental fatigue that the mother feels. While post-partum depression lasts several months to many years later, this syndrome begins with a psychiatric disorder suffered by the mother before pregnancy, psychosocial stress, inadequate social support, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. For that, this condition needs to be addressed immediately, through the healing techniques of Chandra namaskara and Brahmari Pranayama. Chandra namaskara arouses the feminine energy, the lunar energy in the mother’s body, keeping the cerebral circulation fresh so that the sympathetic nerve activity diminishes. The effect of massage on the organs in the abdomen, increase peristaltic activity in the intestine, the lateral wall of the heart stretched perfectly so that no ischaemia occurs. Alteration of arthritis of the spinal joint can be removed by stretching the spinal muscles and ligaments between the vertebral bones through this series of asanas. While brahmari pranayama stimulates the brain part of the hypothalamus to activate the adrenal cortex system by sending signals to the pituitary gland so as not to secrete adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), so that ACTH, which had previously stimulated the outer layer of the adrenal glands (the adrenal cortex) to release a group of hormones (cortisol) did not secrete cortisol, but instead produced by the brain is actually the endhorpine that works for the body’s immune, regulate emotions, relax of the body and be able to eliminate depression.
Does Political Risk affect Foreign Direct Investment Inflows? Empirical Evidence From Selected MENA Economies
Authors: Nassour Abdelkader , Meftah Saliha , Mirani Sajid Hussain
Published: July 2020

The current political uncertainty, economic problems, permanent religious conflicts, and crisis continue to frustrate investors and hold back potential stabilization. This paper investigates the impact of Political risk on Foreign Direct Investment inflows in three selected MENA countries (Algeria Turkey and Arabia-Saudi) during the period (1984-2017) using the Panel Data model. The Hausman Test confirms that the random effects model is a more appropriate technique for this model to explain the effect of Political Risk on FDI inflows. The results of our study show that: Democratic Accountability and Investment Profile, Law Order have a significant positive impact on FDI inflow. Besides that, another interesting finding of the research is the significant negative relationship between the Military in Politics and FDI. These results are important for policymakers to implement a strategy that would ensure the reduction of the level of political instability related by the indicators of the Corruption and the Military in Politics, in the aim to increase the inflows of FDI in these three selected countries of MENA. Furthermore, the results give a more comprehensive picture for the foreign investors that these selected countries of MENA can be the best host for their investments.
Antibacterial and antioxidants effects of anthraquinones fraction from Clerodendron inerme leaves
Authors: AbdulMuhsin M. Shami  , Shurook Mohammad K. Saadedin  , Suha F. Hasan
Published: July 2020

Clerodendron inerme is used to treat asthma, inflammation, Parkinson’s diseases, and other diseases.This research is aimed to determine antibacterial and antioxidant effects in the anthraquinones’ fraction of Clerodendron inerme leaves.Well-diffusion agar, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimal bactericidal concentration were used to test the antibacterial properties of the four types of bacteria.DPPH radical scavenging assay was used to evaluate their antioxidant activity.GC-MS and FTIR analysis were used to identify anthraquinones compounds of the leaves in the plant.Anthraquinones component from the leaves of C.inerme has shown significant inhibition against pathogenic bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The anthraquinones extract of plant leaves has higher antioxidant activity compared to the control (ascorbic acid).IR spectra of anthraquinones extract from the leaves of C.inerme exhibited O-H stretching as a strong band at 3347.84 cm-1.C-H stretch bands are found in bands 2924.15 and 2857.29 cm-1. C= O group are located in the bands of 1733.18 cm-1 and 1637.72 cm-1. The C-H bending groups at 1375.64 cm-1 and the C-O groups at 1236.81 and 1050.16 cm-1 were detected. GC-MS results of the leaves of C.inerme identified specific anthraquinones compounds are Emodin, 1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone, 1-ethoxyanthraquinone, 2-Ethylanthraquinone, 9,10-Anthracenedione, 1,5- Dihydroxyanthrachinon, 1,4-Dimethoxybenzene, 1,4-Cyclohexanedione, and 2,3-Dimethylquinone. In conclusion, the anthraquinones of the green part of this plant have good antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The results suggest that anthraquinones from the leaves of C.inerme are a source of antimicrobials agents against harmful bacteria and antioxidant sources.
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN (SPK) PENERIMA BANTUAN PROGRAM KELUARGA HARAPAN (PKH) PADA DESA DULUKAPA KECAMATAN SUMALATA TIMUR KABUPATEN GORONTALO UTARA MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)
Authors: Dunggio Zufrianto K , Suleman Fitrianti , Senung Bahtiar , Yuliani Farha
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini mengangkat tentang salah satu program yang dimiliki oleh Perangkat Desa Dulukapa, yaitu pemberian bantuan Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) kepada masyarakat yang layak menerimanya. Namun sesuai observasi, ternyata pembagian penerimaan bantuan Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) tersebut tidak sesuai dengan aturan yang telah di tetapkan oleh pemerintah, karena masih ada beberapa masyarakat yang sudah mendapatkan bantuanProgram Keluarga Harapan (PKH ) tersebut meskipun sudah termasuk dalam kategori tidak layak menerima, dan terkadang hanya berdasarkan kekeluargaan. Hasil Penelitian ini Menunjukan bahwa penerapan metode test case dengan pendekatan whitebox testing dapat menghasilkan sistem baik dan proses perulangan pada flowchart di sistem menjadi lebih efisien. Hal ini Dapat membantu dalam proses seleksi penerima bantuan Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) sehingga proses hasil keputusan sesuai dengan kriteria yang dimiliki oleh pemohon sehingga proses penilaian bisa dilakukan dengan baik.
Impact of Autonomous Vehicles on Parking Spaces
Authors: YEKOLLU NIKHIL SAI , Korkmaz Kasim A
Published: July 2020

The United States has an enormous supply of parking and with the appropriation of Autonomous vehicles, the interest for these spaces could change drastically. Parking is among the most pervasive land utilizes involving up to 31% of urban territory. With completely automated vehicles expected on the customer advertise by 2020, the $30 billion leaving industry will encounter gigantic changes as autos develop. The purpose of this paper is to analyse how the parking and garage spaces can be utilized after the implementation of automated vehicles in every household. Analysis has been conducted about different households in Ypsilanti Township using Zillow application which includes the address, area of the house, parking area and year in which it is built. Results are based on the analysis conducted on the houses and the impact of the autonomous vehicles on their parking space.
Gender Differences in Telecommuting and Implications for Inequality at Home and Work
Authors: Lyttelton Thomas , Zang Emma , Musick Kelly
Published: July 2020

The global pandemic has led to an unprecedented shift to remote work that will likely persist to some degree into the future. Telecommuting’s impact on flexibility and work family conflict is a critical question for researchers and policy-makers. Our study addresses this question with data collected before and during the COVID-19 crisis: the 2003-2018 American Time Use Survey (ATUS, N = 19,179) and the April and May 2020 COVID Impact Survey (N = 784). Comparing mothers and fathers who work exclusively at the workplace, exclusively from home, and part-day from home, we describe differences in time spent on housework, childcare, and leisure; the nature of time worked at home; and the subjective experiences of telecommuting. In addition to a broad descriptive portrait, we take advantage of a quasi-experimental design in the ATUS leave supplements to examine time working at home among those who report ever telecommuting, providing estimates of telecommuting’s effect on other uses of time that better approximate causal relationships than prior studies. We find that gender gaps in housework are larger for telecommuters, and, among telecommuters, larger on telecommuting days. Conversely, telecommuting may shrink the gender gap in childcare, particularly among couples with two full time earners, although childcare more frequently impinges upon mothers’ work time. Survey data collected following the March COVID19 stay-at-home orders show that telecommuting mothers more frequently report feelings of anxiety, loneliness and depression than telecommuting fathers. Early estimates of responses to the COVID19 pandemic offer insights into future implications of telecommuting for gender equality at work.
The Evolution of Erasmus’ Epistolary Style
Authors: Fantazzi Charles
Published: July 2020

L'évolution du style épistolaire d'Érasme

Il existe de nombreuses preuves qu'Érasme a soigneusement planifié la publication de différents recueils de ses lettres. Pour d'autres lettres, il donna la permission qu'elles soient recopiées et distribuées. Il est intéressant, d'une part, d'étudier les critères qui ont déterminé la sélection de certaines lettres pour la publication et, d'autre part, d'examiner quelques-unes des lettres qui n'ont été incluses dans aucun recueil officiel. Ce faisant, on peut observer l'évolution du style versatile d'Érasme depuis ses expériences de jeunesse, quand il s'exerçait à l'art d'écrire, jusqu'aux premiers recueils officiels. Dans ses toutes premières lettres, les préceptes tirés de ses ouvrages pédagogiques, spécialement les Familiarium colloquiorum formulae et le De conscribendis epistolis, sont mis en pratique. La première apparition officielle d'un groupe de quatre lettres (1515) est un peu déguisée puisqu'elles forment la dernière partie d'une brève anthologie de poèmes et de lettres de louanges dédiées au pape Léon X. Le deuxième recueil, Epistulae aliquot virorum illustrium ad Erasmum (1516), est surtout consacré à l'accueil favorable reçu par le Novum Instrumentum. Les correspondants ont été choisis avec beaucoup de soin de même que l'ordre dans lequel les lettres apparaissent Le troisième recueil, Epistulae sanequam elegantes (1517), est plus important et, comme l'indique le titre, les lettres sont très soignées.
The development of synthetic compounds in German: Relating diachrony with L1 acquisition
Authors: Werner Martina , Mattes Veronika , Korecky-Kröll Katharina
Published: July 2020

The development of synthetic compounds with deverbal heads in German, namely nominalizations with ung (such as Kindererziehung ‘child education’) and the nominalized infinitive (such as Eierlegen ‘laying of eggs’) has not been studied for language acquisition, due to their late emergence and the poor documentation in later acquisition stages. The historical emergence of synthetic compounding has had little attention. Our aim is to bring together both ‘emergence-driven’ perspectives for investigating what formal properties of synthetic compounding can be observed from the perspective of the most frequent nominalization patterns of present-day German for abstract nouns. The theoretical comparison shows that both developments (child language development and the historical development) display an increase in morphological complexity: while both kinds of nominalizations start with simple verbs, prefix and particle verbs follow. In a next step, the nominalization patterns are widened in favor of complex bases.
Effect of Hyaluronic Acid Filler Injection on the Interdental Papilla in a Mouse Model of Open Gingival Embrasure
Authors: Kim Soo-Bin , Cho Jaehun , Jue Seong-Suk , Park Jae Hyun , Kim Ji- Youn
Published: July 2020

The black triangle resulting from interdental papilla (IDP) loss is associated with poor aesthetics and difficulty in pronunciation and food impaction. There is limited knowledge of gingival tissue inflammatory response to hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injection, a minimally invasive IDP reconstruction method. This study aimed to examine the morphological and histological changes in IDP and the inflammatory cytokine localization to the IDP post-HA filler injection using an open gingival embrasure (OGE) mouse model. Mice from the control, sham, and OGE groups were attached with reference, inactive, and activated wires for 5 days, respectively. The degree of IDP loss was determined based on the spring-papilla distance (SPD). Morphological and histological changes in the OGE group injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or HA fillers were examined on days 2 and 7 post-injection. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to determine the localization patterns of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and Ki67. Five days post-wire attachment, the control and OGE groups exhibited a significantly higher SPD than the sham group (p < 0.0167). The SPD of the HA filler injection group was significantly lower than that of the PBS injection group on days 2, 4, and 7 post-injection (p < 0.05). The IDP of the OGE group was wide and flat. HA filler was stable in the connective tissue underlying the epithelial tissue even on day 7 post-injection. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MPO, and Ki67 were highly localized to the connective tissue surrounding the filler on day 2, which decreased on day 7 post-injection. Thus, HA filler can safely and successfully reconstruct the IDP in cases of OGE.
Characterization and Analysis of Porosities in High Pressure Die Cast Aluminum by Using Metallography, X-Ray Radiography, and Micro-Computed Tomography
Authors: Nourian-Avval Ahmad , Fatemi Ali
Published: July 2020

Mechanical performance of cast aluminum alloys is strongly affected by the defects formed during solidification. For example, fractography studies of the fatigue specimens have shown that fatigue failure in aluminum castings containing defects is almost always initiated from defects, among which pores are most detrimental. However, elimination of these pores is neither always economically nor technically possible. This work characterizes defects in high pressure die cast aluminum alloy as an illustrative material, but the methods used can be applicable to other types of castings and defects. The defects were evaluated using metallography as well as micro-computed tomography techniques. The variability of defects between the specimens of two sizes as well as different porosity levels are studied statistically. The distributions of defects based on location within the specimens are also analyzed. Moreover, the maximum defect size within the specimens are estimated using extreme value statistics, which can be used as an input to fatigue life prediction models. Extreme value statistics is applied on both 2D and 3D defect data. The accuracy of each approach is verified by comparing the estimated maximum defect size within the specimens with the maximum observed defects on fracture surfaces of fatigue specimens.
DESEMPEÑO AGRONÓMICO DE VARIEDADES DE TOMATE DE CÁSCARA EN INVERNADERO Y CAMPO ABIERTO
Authors: Peña-Lomelí Aureliano , Ponce-Valerio Juan J. , Sánchez-del-Castillo Felipe , Magaña-Lira Natanael
Published: July 2020

Se estudió la respuesta productiva de 40 variedades de tomate de cáscara (Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex Horm.) en cuatro sistemas de producción (riego rodado, riego por goteo con y sin acolchado plástico e hidroponía bajo invernadero), con el objetivo de determinar las mejores variedades para cada sistema y comparar la producción entre sistemas. La investigación se llevó a cabo en Chapingo, Estado de México, durante el ciclo primavera-verano 2003, bajo un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. El mejor sistema de producción fue a campo abierto con riego por goteo y acolchado plástico, tanto en rendimiento (948 g/planta) como en tamaño de fruto (31 g/fruto), aunque en este último rasgo no superó al sistema de hidroponía. En promedio de los cuatro sistemas de producción, las variedades de mayor rendimiento fueron Población 3 (1102 g/planta), Población 5 (1025 g/planta), CHF1-Chapingo (989 g/planta) y Manzano SM2R (972 g/planta), con frutos de tamaño mediano. Las variedades de mayor tamaño de fruto fueron Puebla SM2 (47 g/fruto), Puebla SM1 (46 g/fruto), San Mateo (45 g/fruto) y Mahune (45 g/fruto), pero presentaron bajo rendimiento. Las variedades de mayor rendimiento son de la raza Rendidora, y las de mayor tamaño de fruto de la raza Puebla. La variedad Diamante resultó de fruto grande (41 g/fruto) y rendimiento superior a la media (787 g/planta). Para cada sistema de producción, las variedades de mayor rendimiento fueron Población 3, Población 5, Población 3 y 124 USA 03, respectivamente; en tanto que las de mayor tamaño de fruto fueron Puebla SM1, San Mateo, Puebla SM2 y Mahune, respectivamente.
EFECTO DE LAS SALES INORGÁNICAS DEL MEDIO DE CULTIVO EN EL CRECIMIENTO DE PASCUITA (Euphorbia leucocephala Lotsy)
Authors: Martínez-Villegas Ylvi M. , Andrade-Rodríguez María , Colinas-León M. Teresa , Villegas-Torres Óscar G. , Castillo-Gutiérrez Antonio , Alia-Tejacal Irán
Published: July 2020

La pascuita (Euphorbia leucocephala Lotsy) es una euforbiacea semicultivada y comercializada para ornato en navidad, sea como maceta o como planta para jardín. En Morelos, México su propagación se hace por estacas; sin embargo, su producción es escasa debido a la poca disponibilidad de material vegetal, mala calidad del mismo, escaso enraizamiento, y pérdidas por pudriciones. Por ello resulta necesario evaluar otras formas de propagación masiva in vitro a partir de plantas madre sanas, y seleccionadas por la cantidad de inflorescencias, tamaño y color de las brácteas, así como por el vigor de su crecimiento. Aquí se planteó comparar diferentes medios de cultivo (MS 50 %, MS 25 %, WPMm, WPMm1, WPMm2 y WPMm3) sin reguladores del crecimiento, para elegir a los que mejor promovieran el crecimiento in vitro de brotes de pascuita. Las variables medidas fueron: altura de brote, diámetro de tallo, número de hojas, contenido relativo de clorofila y peso de materia seca. Los efectos más significativos se observaron cuando los propágulos fueron cultivados en el medio WMPm porque generaron brotes con mayor diámetro (1.35 mm), más contenido de clorofila (41.44 unidades Spad), más materia seca por brote (92.2 mg), follaje de color verde más intenso, y mayor producción de raíz. En contraste, el medio de cultivo MS 25 % produjo plantas con escaso crecimiento. Se concluyó que el medio de cultivo WPMm fue el que produjo mejor respuesta.
Possibilidades do ensino das lutas na escola: uma pesquisa-ação com professores de educação física
Authors: Hegele Bernhardt , González Fernando Jaime , Borges Robson Machado
Published: July 2020

Esta pesquisa buscou verificar quais são as consequências de uma experiência de formação colaborativa, nas concepções de professores acerca da abordagem das lutas nas aulas de Educação Física escolar. Para tanto, operou-se metodologicamente com a realização de uma pesquisa-ação com quatro docentes de Educação Física que atuam em escolas públicas no interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Os professores, juntamente com um dos pesquisadores, constituíram um grupo de estudos que se reuniu semanalmente em oito encontros, com o intuito de refletir sobre a abordagem das lutas na Educação Física escolar. Os resultados indicam que, inicialmente, os professores não se sentiam em condições de tematizar as lutas na escola. Especialmente, porque não tiveram um componente curricular específico em sua formação inicial. No entanto, após a realização do estudo, os docentes compreenderam que é possível trabalhar com as lutas nas aulas de Educação Física. Os principais fatores que geraram essa alteração foram o estudo dos jogos de lutas e sua classificação com base nas distâncias, a produção de tarefas durante os encontros e a vivência corporal nas reuniões.
Estudo sobre a influência dos factores psicossociais à prática dos crimes no Bairro Rocha Pinto
Authors: Bombo Damião Domingos
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo teve como objectivo analisar os factores psicossociais que se associam na prática dos crimes no Bairro Rocha Pinto. Neste estudo, os principais autores de base foram: Cesare Lombroso (2007), Émile Durkheim (2007), Anthony Giddens (2008), João Farias Júnior (2008) e Paulo de Carvalho (2010). Quanto a metodologia, utilizou-se a pesquisa quantitativa, o instrumento utilizado para a recolha de dados, foi o questionário e a pesquisa bibliográfica. Participaram no estudo 45 sujeitos (28 do género masculino e 17 do feminino), com a média de idade de 19,83 (Desvio Padrão = 9,3). Foi aplicada aos participantes um questionário com um formato que se ajusta à escala de Likert, composto por (3) três indicadores: comportamento, sociedade e doença mental, e (8) oito itens, cujos dados foram submetidos ao pacote informático SPSS. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os factores psicossociais estão ligados à prática dos crimes. Com base nos resultados apurados, chegou-se a duas conclusões, uma psicológica e outra social. Concluiu-se que, as diferenças individuais tais como à personalidade, desagregação familiar, a frustração, carências de sentimentos afectivos e morais, a desorganização social, problemas de auto-estima e outros mecanismos internos e instintivos do indivíduo, são factores que influenciam à prática de crimes.
Simulacro odontopediátrico com recurso à estratégia de ensino roleplaying em educação para a saúde oral
Authors: Dias Maria do Rosário , Antunes Ana , Dias Ana , Duarte Beatriz , Calejo Pires Maria
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo desmistificar no âmbito de um ato pedagógico, i) o acontecimento desenvolvimentista da erupção dos dentes definitivos na criança; ii) sedimentar precocemente hábitos salutogénicos; e iii) elaborar instrumentos de Educação para a Saúde, evidenciando-se, assim, a importância da comunicação relacional e terapêutica no setting terapêutico de Medicina Dentária. As bases teóricas foram fundamentadas de acordo com Chernoff (1973); Dranka (2012); Magalhães et al. (2013); Mota-Cardoso (2012); Santos (2017). Foi realizado pelos discentes de um simulacro terapêutico-pedagógico em setting odontopediátrico com recurso à técnica do roleplaying, consolidando a vivência de um vínculo terapêutico, a acessibilidade e o fortalecimento dos discentes, no contexto da aprendizagem das suas capacidades comunicacionais. É consentâneo que o roleplaying, enquanto estratégia de ensino-aprendizagem permite que os discentes edifiquem conhecimentos sobre as suas (auto) capacidades comunicacionais a partir de uma reflexão crítica das suas próprias experiências e/ou dos seus pares.
Machine Vision Techniques for Improve Rice Grain Quality Analyzing Process
Authors: Karunasena G.M.K.B. , Priyankara H.D.N.S. , Madushanka B.G.D.A.
Published: July 2020

Rice grain quality inspection is a major process in rice production. To provide quality and accurate results in rice grain analyzing it is important to analyze rice grains one by one in a testing sample. In the current situation, most of rice grain producers inspect rice grains manually without using any automated process. The major problem is the accuracy of testing results depends on human quality because manually processes include human errors. The manual inspection of rice grains is a very complicated and time-consuming process due to these reasons most of the inspector's effect by external factors such as fatigue, tension etc. In this research, we provide a time-efficient and low-cost solution for reducing above-mentioned limitations by developing software. It uses modern image processing to analyze rice grains one by one efficiently over the manual examination. The quality of rice samples can be determined with the help of colour, and geometric features such as area, maximum length, maximum width and aspect ratio. This analyzing system designed and developed for measure area, maximum length, maximum width and aspect ratio by using Java programming language, morphological and colour operations in computer vision and finally the accuracy of the system tested by comparing manually tested sample and results from the system. According to the results, it shows this system provides more than 85 percent accuracy with confirming this was a better solution
An Overview of Affordable Low Cost Housing in Nigeria; a Case for Stabilised Compressed Earth Block (SCEB)
Authors: Maduabum Anthony , Munonye Charles
Published: July 2020

Over the years, the Federal and State Governments of Nigeria mounted ‘low-cost’ housing schemes that were expected to be affordable to the low income earners. By the time some of these schemes were completed they were priced beyond the reach of the low-income earners, and even that of the middle-income earners. Various research works that looked into the failure of the provision of the ‘low-cost’ housings in Nigeria found out that the reason for the failure are political interference and corruption. This paper overviewed the various building materials used in building construction and concluded that the objectives of providing housing affordable ‘low cost’ housing schemes in Nigeria can be achieved if local building materials such as Stabilized Compressed Earth Block (SCEB) is used in the construction. The paper concludes that if professionals in the building sector are given the free will to do their jobs, it will also enhance the objective of providing affordable ‘low cost’ houses.