bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution of strontium isotopes in river waters across the Tarim Basin: a map for migration studies
Authors: Wang Xueye , Tang Zihua , Dong Xinxin
Published: July 2018

As the junction of the Silk Roads, the Tarim Basin played a critical role in human migration and cultural interaction between the East and the West. Recently, population migration patterns have been increasingly reconstructed from strontium isotope ratios (
87
Sr/
86
Sr) in archaeological human skeletons, and further constraints on their provenance require a bioavailable
87
Sr/
86
Sr map across the basin. Based on measurement data from 44 river samples in this study and 29 samples from published data, we generate the first map of bioavailable
87
Sr/
86
Sr values across the Tarim Basin and the neighbouring area. From the baseline map, three geologically distinct regions can be identified: (1) the Yili Block, Tian Shan orogenic belt and northern Tarim Block with lower ratios (0.7105 ± 0.0007 (1σ),
n
 = 25); (2) the southern Tarim Block with higher ratios (0.7118 ± 0.0008,
n
 = 29); and (3) the eastern Pamir Block with diverse values (0.7110 ± 0.0009,
n
 = 19). This map is a promising tool for recognizing the origins of immigrants in the Tarim Basin and may aid understanding of the migration patterns and cultural communication along the Silk Roads.
Deep Neural Network Optimized to Resistive Memory with Nonlinear Current-Voltage Characteristics
Authors: Kim Hyungjun , Kim Taesu , Kim Jinseok , Kim Jae-Joon
Published: July 2018

Artificial Neural Network computation relies on intensive vector-matrix multiplications. Recently, the emerging nonvolatile memory (NVM) crossbar array showed a feasibility of implementing such operations with high energy efficiency. Thus, there have been many works on efficiently utilizing emerging NVM crossbar arrays as analog vector-matrix multipliers. However, nonlinear I-V characteristics of NVM restrain critical design parameters, such as the read voltage and weight range, resulting in substantial accuracy loss. In this article, instead of optimizing hardware parameters to a given neural network, we propose a methodology of reconstructing the neural network itself to be optimized to resistive memory crossbar arrays. To verify the validity of the proposed method, we simulated various neural networks with MNIST and CIFAR-10 dataset using two different Resistive Random Access Memory models. Simulation results show that our proposed neural network produces inference accuracies significantly higher than conventional neural network when the network is mapped to synapse devices with nonlinear I-V characteristics.
Reducing Power Consumption of Lasers in Photonic NoCs through Application-Specific Mapping
Authors: Fusella Edoardo , Cilardo Alessandro
Published: July 2018

To face the complex communication problems that arise as the number of on-chip components grows up, photonic networks-on-chip (NoCs) have been recently proposed to replace electronic interconnects. However, photonic NoCs lack efficient laser sources, possibly resulting in an inefficient or inoperable architecture. In this article, we introduce a methodology for the design space exploration of optical NoC mapping solutions, which automatically assigns IPs/cores to the network tiles such that the laser power consumption is minimized. The experimental evaluation shows average reductions of 34.7% and 27.3% in the power consumption compared to, respectively, application-oblivious and randomly mapped photonic NoCs, allowing improved energy efficiency.
Offline Optimization of Wavelength Allocation and Laser Power in Nanophotonic Interconnects
Authors: Luo Jiating , Killian Cedric , Beux Sebastien Le , Chillet Daniel , Sentieys Olivier , O’connor Ian
Published: July 2018

Optical Network-on-Chip (ONoC) is a promising communication medium for large-scale multiprocessor systems-on-chips. Indeed, ONoC can outperform classical electrical NoCs in terms of energy efficiency and bandwidth density, in particular, because this medium can support multiple transactions at the same time on different wavelengths by using Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM). However, multiple signals sharing simultaneously the same part of a waveguide can lead to inter-channel crosstalk noise. This problem impacts the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical signals, which leads to an increase in the Bit Error Rate (BER) at the receiver side. If a specific BER is targeted, an increase of laser power should be necessary to satisfy the SNR. In this context, an important issue is to evaluate the laser power needed to satisfy the various desired communication bandwidths based on the BER performance requirements. In this article, we propose an off-line approach that concurrently optimizes the laser power scaling and execution time of a global application. A set of different levels of power is introduced for each laser, to ensure that optical signals can be emitted with just-enough power to ensure targeted BER. As a result, most promising solutions are highlighted for mapping a defined application onto a 16-core ring-based WDM ONoC.
Kogge-Stone Adder Realization using 1S1R Resistive Switching Crossbar Arrays
Authors: Bhattacharjee Debjyoti , Siemon Anne , Linn Eike , Menzel Stephan , Chattopadhyay Anupam
Published: July 2018

Low operating voltage, high storage density, non-volatile storage capabilities, and relative low access latencies have popularized memristive devices as storage devices. Memristors can be ideally used for in-memory computing in the form of hybrid CMOS nano-crossbar arrays. In-memory serial adders have been theoretically and experimentally proven for crossbar arrays. To harness the parallelism of memristive arrays, parallel-prefix adders can be effective. In this work, a novel mapping scheme for in-memory Kogge-Stone adder has been presented. The number of cycles increases logarithmically with the bit width
N
of the operands, i.e.,
O
(
log
2
N
), and the device count is 5
N
. We verify the correctness of the proposed scheme by means of TaO
×
device model-based memristive simulations. We compare the proposed scheme with other proposed schemes in terms of number of cycle and number of devices.
Autonomous infrastructure for a suckless internet
Authors: Milan Stefania
Published: July 2018

How can we promote an internet that respects human rights? Investing in autonomous infrastructure built and operated by politically motivated techies, who put their skills at the service of the public interest, may be the answer.
Breaking the Last Chains of Poliovirus Transmission: Progress and Challenges in Global Polio Eradication
Authors: Kew Olen , Pallansch Mark
Published: July 2018

Since the launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), paralytic cases associated with wild poliovirus (WPV) have fallen from ∼350,000 in 1988 to 22 in 2017. WPV type 2 (WPV2) was last detected in 1999, WPV3 in 2012, and WPV1 appeared to be localized to Pakistan and Afghanistan in 2017. Through continuous refinement, the GPEI has overcome operational and biological challenges far more complex and daunting than originally envisioned. Operational challenges had led to sustained WPV endemicity in core reservoirs and widespread dissemination to polio-free countries. The biological challenges derive from intrinsic limitations to the oral poliovirus vaccine: ( a) reduced immunogenicity in high-risk settings and ( b) genetic instability, leading to repeated outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses and prolonged infections in individuals with primary immunodeficiencies. As polio eradication enters its multifaceted endgame, the GPEI, with its technical, operational, and social innovations, stands as the preeminent model for control of vaccine-preventable diseases worldwide.
Muscarinic suppression of ATP-sensitive K+channels mediated by the M3/Gq/11/phospholipase C pathway contributes to mouse ileal smooth muscle contractions
Authors: Wang Ban , Murakami Yuri , Ono Maiki , Fujikawa Saki , Matsuyama Hayato , Unno Toshihiro , Naitou Kiyotada , Tanahashi Yasuyuki
Published: July 2018

ATP-sensitive K+(KATP) channels are expressed in gastrointestinal smooth muscles, and their activity is regulated by muscarinic receptor stimulation. However, the physiological significance and mechanisms of muscarinic regulation of KATPchannels are not fully understood. We examined the effects of the KATPchannel opener cromakalim and the KATPchannel blocker glibenclamide on electrical activity of single mouse ileal myocytes and on mechanical activity in ileal segment preparations. To explore muscarinic regulation of KATPchannel activity and its underlying mechanisms, the effect of carbachol (CCh) on cromakalim-induced KATPchannel currents ( IKATP) was studied in myocytes of M2or M3muscarinic receptor-knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Cromakalim (10 µM) induced membrane hyperpolarization in single myocytes and relaxation in segment preparations from WT mice, whereas glibenclamide (10 µM) caused membrane depolarization and contraction. CCh (100 µM) induced sustained suppression of IKATPin cells from both WT and M2KO mice. However, CCh had a minimal effect on IKATPin M3KO and M2/M3double-KO cells. The Gq/11inhibitor YM-254890 (10 μM) and PLC inhibitor U73122 (1 μM), but not the PKC inhibitor calphostin C (1 μM), markedly decreased CCh-induced suppression of IKATPin WT cells. These results indicated that KATPchannels are constitutively active and contribute to the setting of resting membrane potential in mouse ileal smooth muscles. M3receptors inhibit the activity of these channels via a Gq/11/PLC-dependent but PKC-independent pathways, thereby contributing to membrane depolarization and contraction of smooth muscles.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY We systematically investigated the regulation of ATP-sensitive K+channels by muscarinic receptors expressed on mouse ileal smooth muscles. We found that M3receptors inhibit the activity of ATP-sensitive K+channels via a Gq/11/PLC-dependent, but PKC-independent, pathway. This muscarinic suppression of ATP-sensitive K+channels contributes to membrane depolarization and contraction of smooth muscles.
Vagus nerve cholinergic circuitry to the liver and the gastrointestinal tract in the neuroimmune communicatome
Authors: Metz Christine N. , Pavlov Valentin A.
Published: July 2018

Improved understanding of neuroimmune communication and the neural regulation of immunity and inflammation has recently led to proposing the concept of the “neuroimmune communicatome.” This advance is based on experimental evidence for an organized and brain-integrated reflex-like relationship and dialogue between the nervous and the immune systems. A key circuitry in this communicatome is provided by efferent vagus nerve fibers and cholinergic signaling. Inflammation and metabolic alterations coexist in many disorders affecting the liver and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, fatty liver disease, liver injury, and liver failure, as well as inflammatory bowel disease. Here, we outline mechanistic insights regarding the role of the vagus nerve and cholinergic signaling in the regulation of inflammation linked to metabolic derangements and the pathogenesis of these disorders in preclinical settings. Recent clinical advances using this knowledge in novel therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches within the field of bioelectronic medicine are also briefly summarized.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate induces airway smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and contraction by modulating Hippo signaling effector YAP
Authors: Liu Lu , Zhai Cui , Pan Yilin , Zhu Yanting , Shi Wenhua , Wang Jian , Yan Xin , Su Xiaofan , Song Yang , Gao Li , Li Manxiang
Published: July 2018

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid, has been shown to be elevated in the airways of individuals with asthma and modulates the airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) functions, yet its underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. The aim of the present study is to address this issue. S1P induced yes-associated protein (YAP) dephosphorylation and nuclear localization via the S1PR2/3/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) pathway, and this in turn increased forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) and cyclin D1 expression leading to ASMC proliferation, migration, and contraction. Pretreatment of cells with S1PR2 antagonist JTE013, S1PR3 antagonist CAY10444, or ROCK inhibitor Y27632 blocked S1P-induced alterations of YAP, FOXM1, cyclin D1, and ASMC proliferation, migration, and contraction. In addition, prior silencing of YAP or FOXM1 with siRNA reversed the effect of S1P on ASMC functions. Taken together, our study indicates that S1P stimulates ASMC proliferation, migration, and contraction by binding to S1PR2/3 and modulating ROCK/YAP/FOXM1 axis and suggests that targeting this pathway might have potential value in the management of asthma.
Infant Skin Barrier, Structure, and Enzymatic Activity Differ from Those of Adult in an East Asian Cohort
Authors: Liu Qiwei , Zhang Yanhui , Danby Simon G. , Cork Michael J. , Stamatas Georgios N.
Published: July 2018

Skin physiology is dynamically changing over the first years of postnatal life; however, ethnic variations are still unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize infant skin barrier function, epidermal structure, and desquamation-related enzymatic activity as compared to that of adult skin in an East Asian population. The skin properties of 52 infants (3-24 months) and 27 adults (20-40 years) were assessed by noninvasive methods at the dorsal forearm and upper inner arm. Transepidermal water loss and skin surface conductance values were higher and more dispersed for infants compared to adults. Infant skin surface pH was slightly lower than adult on the dorsal forearm. The infant SC and viable epidermis were thinner compared to adults with differences that were site-specific. Although the chymotrypsin-like activity for infant skin was comparable to adult level, the caseinolytic specific activity was significantly higher for the infant cohort. These observations indicate a differently controlled pattern of corneocyte desquamation in infants. In conclusion, structural and functional differences exist between infant and adult skin in the East Asian population pointing to dynamic maturation of the epidermal barrier early in life.
Numerical Investigation of Particle Concentration Distribution Characteristics in Twin-Tunnel Complementary Ventilation System
Authors: Ren Rui , Xu Shuoshuo , Ren Zhaodan , Zhang Shuangzhuo , Wang Hao , Wang Xiuling , He Siyue
Published: July 2018

Longitudinal ventilation systems are commonly installed in new tunnels. In this paper, based on the similarity law, the scale model with a view to different conditions is carried out to study the effectiveness of twin-tunnel complementary ventilation system. The system can offer enough amount of fresh air to meet requirement of driving safety by using longitudinal ventilation without ventilation shaft. Field measurements were also performed to validate the numerical model. Results reveal that particle concentration distribution is influenced by the distance from air interchange cross-passages to uphill tunnel inlet (Lex) and the flow volume of air interchange cross (Qex) passage and jet fan thrust (Pjet) in tunnel. And Lex is the most important factor about influencing the ventilation efficiency.
Role of MAPKs in HSP70’s Protection against Heat Stress-Induced Injury in Rat Small Intestine
Authors: Hao Yue , Feng Yuejin , Li Jielei , Gu Xianhong
Published: July 2018

Aim. To evaluate the role of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) on the MAPK pathway activation with quercetin treatment and its protection against small intestine impairments of heat stressed rats. Methods. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6 weeks were randomized to three groups (n=16/group), namely, control (CON), heat stress (HS), and heat stress + quercetin (HQ). The experiment lasted for 14 days with daily 50 min of heat stress treatment (43°C) for the HS and HQ groups. Rats of HQ group were intragastrically given 0.5 ml quercetin solution (50 mg/kg body weight) before the heat stress treatment. Half of the animals were sacrificed on day 7 and the rest on day 14 for tissue sampling. Intestinal morphology, small intestine morphology and permeability, protein expression of HSP70, phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and caspase-3 activity were examined. Results. Heat stress caused morphological damage to the small intestine and increased intestinal permeability. HSP70 expression and MAPK activity in the small intestine were increased by heat stress. Inhibition of HSP70 by quercetin did not change intestinal permeability compared with the HS group but aggravated intestinal injury and affected the activation of MAPKs and caspase-3. Conclusions. HSP70 may modulate stress-activated signaling and acts in a protective manner via MAPK signaling. Affecting HSP70 protective mechanisms could be useful for protection against heat stress-induced injury in rat small intestine.
Group Decision-Making Approach without Weighted Aggregation Operators
Authors: Jiang Min , Meng Zhiqing , Shen Rui
Published: July 2018

This paper introduces an approach for group decision-making problems (GDMP) without weighted aggregation operators. This approach is more suitable for scenarios with infinite number of individuals. A mathematical model approach is established based on the new concept of s⁎-optimal concession equilibrium solution without weighted aggregation operators for group decision-making problems. It is of practical significance for all decision-makers (experts) to find an optimal solution or to sort out all the candidate solutions. We prove that the s⁎-optimal concession equilibrium solution is equivalent to solving a single objective optimization problem, and, under certain conditions, the s⁎-optimal equilibrium solution always exists. Moreover, it is proven that the s⁎-optimal concession equilibrium solution is equivalent to the robust optimal solution of the group weight aggregation and the optimal solution under the worst weighted aggregation operators.
Vitiligo Appearing after Oral Isotretinoin Therapy for Acne
Authors: Kokandi Amal A.
Published: July 2018

Isotretinoin is an effective treatment for severe and scarring acne. In this report, we describe a case developing vitiligo after isotretinoin therapy for scarring acne. It is not known whether this was a coincidence or might be precipitated by the treatment.
Vertical Structure of Moisture Content over Europe
Authors: Wypych Agnieszka , Bochenek Bogdan
Published: July 2018

The vertical structure of water vapor content in the atmosphere strongly affects the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth’s surface and processes associated with the formation of clouds and atmospheric precipitation. The purpose of this study was to assess the vertical differentiation of water vapor over Europe on a seasonal basis and also to evaluate the role of atmospheric circulation in changes therein. Daily values of specific humidity (SHUM) for the time period 1981–2015 were obtained from pressure levels available from ECMWF Era-Interim reanalysis data and used in the study. Eight grid points were analyzed in detail. Each point is representative of a region with different moisture conditions. SHUM profiles were then used to identify cases of moisture inversion. Horizontal flux of specific humidity (SHUMF) was analyzed for principal pressure levels that occur in both inversion-type and inversion-free situations. In addition, SHUM and SHUMF anomalies were identified for advection directions. The research results showed the existence of differences in the vertical structure of water vapor content in the troposphere over Europe, and the Northeastern Atlantic and the presence of moisture inversions not only in areas north of 60°N but also in temperate and subtropical zones. Inversions can occur in two different forms—surface-based and elevated. The occurrence of inversions varies with the seasons. The role of atmospheric circulation is observable in the winter and triggers both surpluses and shortages of moisture via the effect of specific pressure system types (significant role of seasonal pressure high) and via advection directions. In addition, there exists a clear difference between the structure of moisture in the atmospheric boundary layer and in the free atmosphere.
Local Injection of Allogeneic Stem Cells from Apical Papilla Enhanced Periodontal Tissue Regeneration in Minipig Model of Periodontitis
Authors: Li Guoqing , Han Nannan , Zhang Xiuli , Yang Haoqing , Cao Yangyang , Wang Songlin , Fan Zhipeng
Published: July 2018

Background. Discovering suitable seeding cells and simple application technique will be beneficial for MSC-mediated treatment of periodontitis. Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) might be the candidate seeding cell for the periodontal tissues regeneration based on their origin and characters. In this research, we investigated the effect of SCAPs on periodontal tissue regeneration in swine by local injection. Methods. We established experimental periodontitis model in miniature pigs and then treated them with SCAPs by local injection. Clinical assessments, computed tomography (CT) scanning, histologic examination, and quantitative measurements were used to evaluate the effect of periodontal tissues regeneration. Results. At 12 weeks after injection, clinical assessments showed that probing depth, gingival recession, and attachment loss values were 5.44±0.77 mm versus 7.33±1.0 mm (p<0.01), 2.33±0.33 mm versus 2.11±0.69 mm (p>0.05), and 7.78±0.84 mm versus 9.44±1.07 mm (p<0.01) in SCAPs group and 0.9% NaCl group, respectively. CT scan results showed a significant increase of 12.86 mm3 alveolar bone regeneration in SCAPs group compared with 0.9% NaCl group. In addition, histopathology results demonstrated remarkable regeneration in SCAPs group, whereas regeneration of periodontal tissue was hardly found in 0.9% NaCl group. Conclusion. Local injection of SCAPs could effectively restore tissue defects brought about by periodontitis in the swine model. Thus, SCAPs, as an easily accessible dental-deriving stem cell, may serve as an alternative application for periodontitis treatment.
Development of a Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome‐Specific Scale for Ulcerative Colitis: The Large Intestine Dampness‐Heat Syndrome Questionnaire
Authors: Chen Xin-lin , Wen Yi , Wu Zu-chun , Zhang Bei-ping , Hou Zheng-kun , Xiao Jun-lin , Lin Man-qing , Hu Yue , Wu Zhe-li , Deng Jie-min , Liu Feng-bin , Liu Tian-wen
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study was to develop and validate the large intestine dampness‐heat syndrome questionnaire (LIDHSQ) for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). The domains and items of the LIDHSQ were developed according to standard procedures, namely, construct definition, item generation, language testing, content validity, pilot study, and validation study. At first, a total of 20 items in 3 domains were generated based on literature review and expert consultation. After the item selection, the LIDHSQ contains 11 items in three domains: disease‐related domain (diarrhoea, abdominal pain, bloody purulent stool, and mucus stool), heat domain (fever, dry mouth, red tongue, yellow fur, and anal burning), and dampness domain (greasy fur and defecation disorder). The Cronbach′s alphas of all domains were greater than 0.6. All of the intraclass correlation coefficients were greater than 0.8. The LIDHSQ and domain scores of the patients with LIDHS were higher than those of the patients with other syndromes (P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the LIDHSQ was 0.900, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.872–0.928. When the cut‐off value of the LIDHSQ was ≥ 7, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.867 and 0.854, respectively. The LIDHSQ is valid and reliable for measuring LIDHS in UC patients with good diagnostic efficacy. We recommend the use of the LIDHSQ in Chinese UC patients.
The Effect of 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor Antagonist in Preventing Pain/Limb Shrinkage Reaction Associated with Rocuronium Injection
Authors: He Qixiong , Zhou Chengmao , Zhu Yu
Published: July 2018

Objectives. To evaluate the effect and safety of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor antagonist in alleviating the pain of patients under general anesthesia induced by rocuronium injection and preemptive analgesia. Methods. Meta-analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.1 software by electronically retrieving the databases of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, WanFang Data, and CNKI and collecting the published random control tests (RCTs) where 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist was used to alleviate the pain/limb shrinkage reaction associated with rocuronium injection. Results. Seven RTCs, including 556 patients, were included. The results of meta-analysis showed the following. (1) Compared to the control group, 5-HT receptor antagonist could prevent the total pain/limb shrinkage reaction associated with rocuronium injection [RR=0.62, 95% CI (0.54, 0.71), P<0.00001] and reduce the incidence rate of mild and moderate pain/limb shrinkage reaction associated with rocuronium injection [RR=0.46, 95% CI (0.33, 0.63), P<0.00001; RR=0.18, 95% CI (0.11, 0.31), P<0.000 01]. (2) Compared to the lidocaine group, the incidence rate was higher in preventing the pain/limb shrinkage reaction associated with rocuronium injection by 5-HT receptor antagonist, which was statistically significant [RR=1.33, 95% CI (1.05, 1.68), P=0.02]. Conclusion. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist may be effective in preventing the pain/limb shrinkage reaction associated with rocuronium injection.
Abdominal Adiposity and Physical Inactivity Are Positively Associated with Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Godinho-Mota Jordana C. M. , Gonçalves Larissa V. , Soares Leonardo R. , Mota João F. , Martins Karine A. , Freitas-Junior Ismael , Freitas-Junior Ruffo
Published: July 2018

Objective. To examine whether breast cancer is associated with body composition and level of physical activity, considering the menstrual status. Methods. This was a case-control study with 116 women recently diagnosed with breast cancer and 226 controls. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and cardiometabolic risk was assessed by conicity index and waist-to-height ratio. The short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to estimate the level of physical activity. All analyses were adjusted for age and BMI. Results. The total body fat percentage, android body fat, android-gynoid ratio, and waist circumference were positively associated (p < 0.05), whereas the percentage of lean body mass (p <0.05) and the level of physical activity (p < 0.01) were inversely associated with breast cancer in premenopausal women. Among postmenopausal women, physical activity decreased the chance of developing breast cancer by 49% (95% CI = 0.29 to 0.92, p = 0.02). Conclusion. A low percentage of lean body mass and high abdominal adiposity in the premenopausal period increase the chances of developing breast cancer. Regular physical activity is inversely associated with breast cancer in pre- and postmenopausal women.
Cell-Free Strategies for Repair and Regeneration of Meniscus Injuries through the Recruitment of Endogenous Stem/Progenitor Cells
Authors: Guo Weimin , Xu Wenjing , Wang Zhenyong , Chen Mingxue , Hao Chunxiang , Zheng Xifu , Huang Jingxiang , Sui Xiang , Yuan Zhiguo , Zhang Yu , Wang Mingjie , Li Xu , Wang Zehao , Peng Jiang , Wang Aiyuan , Wang Yu , Liu Shuyun , Lu Shibi , Guo Quanyi
Published: July 2018

The meniscus plays a vital role in protecting the articular cartilage of the knee joint. The inner two-thirds of the meniscus are avascular, and injuries to this region often fail to heal without intervention. The use of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine techniques may offer novel and effective approaches to repairing meniscal injuries. Meniscal tissue engineering and regenerative medicine typically use one of two techniques, cell-based or cell-free. While numerous cell-based strategies have been applied to repair and regenerate meniscal defects, these techniques possess certain limitations including cellular contamination and an increased risk of disease transmission. Cell-free strategies attempt to repair and regenerate the injured tissues by recruiting endogenous stem/progenitor cells. Cell-free strategies avoid several of the disadvantages of cell-based techniques and, therefore, may have a wider clinical application. This review first compares cell-based to cell-free techniques. Next, it summarizes potential sources for endogenous stem/progenitor cells. Finally, it discusses important recruitment factors for meniscal repair and regeneration. In conclusion, cell-free techniques, which focus on the recruitment of endogenous stem and progenitor cells, are growing in efficacy and may play a critical role in the future of meniscal repair and regeneration.
A Meta-Analysis of the Influencing Factors for Tracheostomy after Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Wang Yan , Guo Zhiliang , Fan Dehong , Lu Haijiang , Xie Dong , Zhang Dahai , Jiang Yongtian , Li Pei , Teng Haijun
Published: July 2018

Background. Traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) is a common disease that has high complication, disability, and mortality rates and a poor prognosis. Tracheostomy is an important supportive therapy for patients with CSCI. However, a consensus on the predictive factors for tracheostomy after CSCI has not been reached.Objective. This meta-analysis study assessed the influencing factors for tracheostomy after CSCI.Methods. We searched for relevant studies on the influencing factors for tracheostomy after CSCI. The extracted data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) or mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results. Sixteen eligible studies containing 9697 patients with CSCI were selected. The pooled OR (MD) and 95% CI of the influencing factors were as follows: age (mean ± SD): -0.98 (-4.00 to 2.03), advanced age: 1.93 (0.80 to 4.63), sex (male): 1.29 (1.12 to 1.49), American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) A grade: 7.79 (5.28 to 11.50), AIS B grade: 1.15 (1.13 to 2.02), AIS C grade: 0.28 (0.20 to 0.41), AIS D grade: 0.04 (0.02 to 0.09), neurological level of injury (upper CSCI): 2.36 (1.51 to 3.68), injury severity score (ISS): 8.97 (8.11 to 9.82), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ≤8: 6.03 (2.19 to 16.61), thoracic injury: 1.78 (1.55 to 2.04), brain injury: 0.96 (0.55 to 1.69), respiratory complications: 5.97 (4.03 to 8.86), smoking history: 1.45 (0.99 to 2.13), traffic accident injury: 1.27 (0.92 to 1.74), and fall injury: 0.72 (0.52 to 1.01).Conclusions. The current evidence shows that male sex, AIS A grade, AIS B grade, neurological level of injury (upper CSCI), high ISS, GCS≤8, thoracic injury, and respiratory complications are risk factors for tracheostomy after CSCI, and AIS C grade and AIS D grade are protective factors. This study will allow us to use these factors for tracheostomy decisions and ultimately optimize airway management in patients with CSCI.
Failure Predictor Factors of Conservative Treatment in Pediatric Forearm Fractures
Authors: Maccagnano G. , Notarnicola A. , Pesce V. , Tafuri S. , Mudoni S. , Nappi V. , Moretti B.
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the radiographic parameters and the relationship between the radiographic results and the clinical data. We carried out a retrospective study analyzing the data of 225 pediatric patients with forearm fractures treated conservatively. Two orthopaedists examined 4 different radiographic parameters. They compared CI and radial translation parameters at T0, in terms of indication of type of treatment and predictive efficacy. Afterwards, the two orthopaedists analyzed X-rays performed at T1, evaluating radiographic results according to radial shortening and angle parameters. From the analysis of the CI measured by Observer 1, 135 patients out of 225 had retrospective indication to conservative treatment; the frequency of failure was 18/135 (13.3%). Observer 2 indicated conservative treatment in 144 patients out of 225 and the proportion of failure was 21/144 (14.6%). As regards the radial translation, Observer 1 reported a frequency of failure of 78/225 (34.7%) and Observer 2 reported 75/222 (33.8%). Furthermore the authors detected a deficit of pronosupination for the patients considered to have failure according to radiographic results. The authors defined the greater reliability of CI with respect to the radial translation parameter and the direct relationship between radiographic failure and clinical-functional data.
Serum Level of D-Lactate in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis: Preliminary Data
Authors: Więcek Sabina , Chudek Jerzy , Woś Halina , Bożentowicz-Wikarek Maria , Kordys-Darmolinska Bożena , Grzybowska-Chlebowczyk Urszula
Published: July 2018

D-Lactate is produced by the intestinal biota and later absorbed into circulation. Some patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) develop exocrine pancreatic insufficiency that may disturb the gut microbiome and enhance the production of D-lactate. However, this concept has not been studied yet. The aim of the study was to assess D-lactate concentration in relation to the occurrence of clinical features, activity of CF, and diet composition in paediatric patients. Patients and Method. Serum concentrations of D-lactate were measured in 38 CF patients (19 girls and 19 boys) from 6 months to 18 years of age. The analysis included age, sex, clinical symptoms, diet (the variety and calorie needs), the laboratory tests for pancreatic efficiency (serum levels of albumin and glucose, faecal elastase activity, and faecal fat index) and faecal calprotectin (the marker of intestinal inflammation), and parameters of liver damage and of cholestasis (the activity of aminotransferases, γ-glutamyltransferase, level of bilirubin, and international normalized ratio). Results. The median level of D-lactate was 0.86 μg/ml (1Q–3Q: 0.48–2.03) and correlated with the CF severity in the Schwachman-Kulczycki score, parameters of pancreatic insufficiency, and the presence of intestinal inflammation. An increased level of D-lactate was observed in the subgroup with pancreas insufficiency (1.05 versus 0.73; p<0.05), parallel with an elevated level of calprotectin (0.948 versus 0.755; p=0.08). There was no relationship between energy consumption and diet composition and serum D-lactates. Conclusion. Serum D-lactate concentration in CF patients is a promising new marker of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency probably related to intestinal flora dysbiosis/overgrowth.
Ag-Introduced Antibacterial Ability and Corrosion Resistance for Bio-Mg Alloys
Authors: Shuai Cijun , Zhou Yuanzhuo , Yang Youwen , Gao Chengde , Peng Shuping , Wang Guoyong
Published: July 2018

Bone implants are expected to possess antibacterial ability and favorable biodegradability. Ag possesses broad-spectrum antibacterial effects through destroying the respiration and substance transport of bacteria. In this study, Ag was introduced into Mg-3Zn-0.5Zr (ZK30) via selective laser melting technology. Results showed that ZK30-Ag exhibited a strong and stable antibacterial activity against the bacterium Escherichia coli. Moreover, the degradation resistance was enhanced due to the comprehensive effect of positive shifted corrosion potential (from -1.64 to -1.53 V) and grains refinement. The positive shifted corrosion potential reduced the severe galvanic corrosion by lowering the corrosion potential difference between the matrix and the second phase. Meanwhile, the introduction of Ag caused the grain refinement strengthening and precipitated-phase strengthening, resulting in improved compressive yield strength and hardness. Furthermore, ZK30-0.5Ag exhibited good biocompatibility. It was suggested that Ag-modified ZK30 was potential candidate for bone implants.
Management of Pregnancy with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome: A Case Report and Review
Authors: Chadha Rati
Published: July 2018

Background.Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome is a rare neurocutaneous syndrome with vascular involvement. Given the rarity of the syndrome, its management in pregnancy is based on the outcome of a few case reports and expert opinion.Case Summary.The management of a complicated case with its antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum concerns has been addressed in this review.Conclusions.Prenatal consults with anesthesia, general surgery, intervention radiology, and internal medicine should be arranged, prior to delivery in anticipation of all the possible complications. Apart from the pregnancy management, preconceptional counselling including the genetics, prognosis, and contraception has an important role in patient management.
Multicriteria Spatial Decision Analysis for the Development of the Italian Minor Airport System
Authors: Guarini Maria Rosaria , Chiovitti Anthea , Rocca Francesco
Published: July 2018

The infrastructures supporting air transport throughout the world in the civil sector are classified as primary-level (large numbers of passengers and goods on both commercial and charter long- and medium-haul flights) and secondary-level (few passengers and goods on general aviation private, short-haul flights). In parallel with primary-level air traffic general growth all over the world and in Italy, the popularity of “individual” nonscheduled general aviation traffic increased in many countries since 1990s. The latter aviation has proved to be a valid alternative to rail and road transport for short-medium distance journeys (100-500 km) for classes of business and tourist passengers. In keeping with the national and international airport system development scenarios, the paper illustrates the results of in-depth analyses aiming to construct an integrated GIS-based Multicriteria Decision Analysis evaluation methodology. It gears towards formulating strategies for the development and streamlining of some existing (51) Italian minor airports and for the right locations for the new hubs required to construct an efficient second-level air transport network (the “highway in the sky”). Different levels of evaluation verify the suitability of airport services and infrastructure (status quo) and the attractiveness of airport hubs given the territorial facilities found in their catchment areas.
Noninvasive Monitoring of Liver Disease Regression after Hepatitis C Eradication Using Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced MRI
Authors: Haider Lukas , Mandorfer Mattias , Güngören Zeynep , Reiberger Thomas , Bastati Nina , Hodge Jacqueline C. , Chromy David , Trauner Michael , Herold Christian , Peck-Radosavljevic Markus , Ba-Ssalamah Ahmed
Published: July 2018

We evaluated changes in relative liver enhancement (RLE) obtained by gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI (GA-MRI) in the hepatobiliary phase and changes in splenic volume (SV) after hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication as well as their predictive value for the development of (further) hepatic decompensation during follow-up. This retrospective study comprised 31 consecutive patients with HCV-induced advanced chronic liver disease who underwent GA-MRI before and after successful interferon-free treatment, as well as a cohort of 14 untreated chronic HCV-patients with paired GA-MRI. RLE increased by 66% (20%–94%; P<0.001) from pre- to posttreatment, while SV decreased by −16% (−28% to −8%; P<0.001). However, SV increased in 16% (5/31) of patients, the identical subjects who showed a decrease in RLE (GA-MRI-nonresponse). We observed an inverse correlation between the changes in RLE and SV (ρ=−0.608;  P<0.001). In the untreated patients, there was a decrease in RLE by −11% (−25% to −3%; P=0.019) and an increase in SV by 23% (7%–43%; P=0.004) (both P<0.001 versus treated patients). Interestingly, GA-MRI-nonresponse was associated with a substantially increased risk of (further) hepatic decompensation 2 years after the end of treatment: 80% versus 8%; P<0.001. GA-MRI might distinguish between individuals at low and high risk of (further) hepatic decompensation (GA-MRI-nonresponse) after HCV eradication. This could allow for individualized surveillance strategies.
Early Imaging Biomarker of Myocardial Glucose Adaptations in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance Model by Using 18F-FDG PET and [U-13C]glucose Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Tracer
Authors: Chung Yi-Hsiu , Lu Kuan-Ying , Chiu Shao-Chieh , Lo Chi-Jen , Hung Li-Man , Huang Jiung-Pang , Cheng Mei-Ling , Wang Chao-Hung , Tsai Cheng-Kun , Lin Yu-Chun , Chang Shang-Hung , Lin Gigin
Published: July 2018

Background. High-fat diet (HFD) induces systemic insulin resistance leading to myocardial dysfunction. We aim to characterize the early adaptations of myocardial glucose utility to HFD-induced insulin resistance. Methods. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were assigned into two groups, fed a regular chow diet or HFD ad libitum for 10 weeks. We used in vivo imaging of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), 18F-FDG PET, and ex vivo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic analysis for the carbon-13-labeled glucose ([U-13C]Glc) perfused myocardium. Results. As compared with controls, HFD rats had a higher ejection fraction and a smaller left ventricular end-systolic volume (P<0.05), with SUVmax of myocardium on 18F-FDG PET significantly increased in 4 weeks (P<0.005). The [U-13C]Glc probed the increased glucose uptake being metabolized into pyruvate and acetyl-CoA, undergoing oxidative phosphorylation via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and then synthesized into glutamic acid and glutamine, associated with overexpressed LC3B (P<0.05). Conclusions. HFD-induced IR associated with increased glucose utility undergoing oxidative phosphorylation via the TCA cycle in the myocardium is supported by overexpression of glucose transporter, acetyl-CoA synthase. Noninvasive imaging biomarker has potentials in detecting the metabolic perturbations prior to the decline of the left ventricular function.
Improving the Accuracy of the Martian Ephemeris Short-Term Prediction
Authors: Shan Quan , Li Peijia , Huang Yong , Fan Min , Li Haitao , Hu Xiaogong
Published: July 2018

The Chinese Mars exploration mission is planned to be launched in 2020, which includes an orbiter, a lander, and a rover. High precision Martian ephemeris is very important in Mars exploration, especially for the Martian orbit insertion and the Martian lander/rover landing. In this paper, we used simulation data to analyze the short-term prediction accuracy of the Martian ephemeris. The simulation results show that the accuracy of Mars position is expected to be better than 50 m for 180-day prediction, when 90-150 days’ range measurements are used to estimate the orbit of the Mars. Range bias affects the prediction accuracy and the arc length for estimation is limited. The prediction accuracy will improve with higher orbit, and the orbit error of probes has an obvious effect on the prediction accuracy of the Martian ephemeris.
Bottomonium Suppression in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions Using Effective Fugacity Quasi-Particle Model
Authors: Nilima Indrani , Agotiya Vineet Kumar
Published: July 2018

We have studied the equation of state and dissociation temperature of bottomonium state by correcting the full Cornell potential in isotropic medium by employing the effective fugacity quasi-particle Debye mass. We had also calculated the bottomonium suppression in an expanding, dissipative strongly interacting QGP medium produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Finally we compared our results with experimental data from RHIC 200GeV/nucleon Au-Au collisions, LHC 2.76 TeV/nucleon Pb-Pb, and LHC 5.02 TeV/nucleon Pb-Pb collisions as a function of number of participants.
Overexpression of Salusin-α Inhibits Vascular Intimal Hyperplasia in an Atherosclerotic Rabbit Model
Authors: Qian Kun , Feng Li , Sun Yujie , Xiong Bowen , Ding Yi , Han Panting , Chen Hailun , Chen Xiao , Du Ling , Wang Yuxue
Published: July 2018

Inhibiting vascular endothelial foam is the focus of clinical attention. Using SonoVue (an ultrasound contrast agent), the salusin-α gene was transfected into the arterial intima of an atherosclerotic rabbit model induced by a high-fat diet in this study. Subsequently the model of blood lipid indexes, the pathological structure of the intima, and changes in molecules regulating atherosclerosis were investigated. The high-density lipoprotein C and apolipoprotein A values in the salusin-α gene overexpression (P) group were higher than those in the salusin-α gene interference (RP) group (P < 0.05), whereas the total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein C, and apolipoprotein B values were reversed. Rabbits in the P group showed significantly thinner vascular intimal thickness than that of other experimental groups (P < 0.05). The expression of positive regulators of atherosclerosis (ABCA1, ABCG1) was higher in the P group than that in the RP group (P < 0.05), and the opposite effect was observed for negative regulators (ACAT1, CD36). Thus, our results showed that the overexpression of salusin-α gene inhibited the proliferation of the vascular intima, thereby throwing some light on understanding the mechanism how salusin-α gene expression interfered with the foaming of vascular intimal cells.
The Effects of Conditioned Medium Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cocultured with Hepatocytes on Damaged Hepatocytes and Acute Liver Failure in Rats
Authors: Chen Li , Zhang Jiexin , Yang Lu , Zhang Guoying , Wang Yingjie , Zhang Shichang
Published: July 2018

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hepatocytes are two attractive sources of cell-based therapies for acute liver failure (ALF). The cotransplantation of hepatocytes with MSCs can improve the therapeutic performance for the treatment of ALF. However, the therapeutic potential of conditioned medium (CM) derived from MSCs cocultured with hepatocytes (MSC-H-CM) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of MSC-H-CM on damaged hepatocytes in vitro and on D-galactosamine-induced ALF in vivo. D-Galactosamine-treated L02 cells cultured in MSC-H-CM exhibited higher of cell viability and total protein synthesis than L02 cells cultured in MSC-CM, CM derived from hepatocytes (H-CM), MSC-CM + H-CM, or with nonconditioned medium (NCM). Lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were lower in the supernatant of damaged L02 cells cultured in MSC-H-CM than in that of L02 cells cultured in other types of CM. The lowest percentage of apoptotic cells was observed after the MSC-H-CM treatment. When CM was injected into the tail vein of rats with ALF, MSC-H-CM was the most successful at preventing the release of liver injury biomarkers and in promoting the recovery of liver structure. The greatest survival rate 7 days after the first treatment was observed in the MSC-H-CM-treated rats. Our results reveal that the delivery of MSC-H-CM could be a novel strategy for integrating the therapeutic potentials of hepatocytes and MSCs for the treatment of ALF.
3D-Dynamic Modelling and Performance Analysis of Service Behavior for Beam Pumping Unit
Authors: Zi-Ming Feng , Jing-Jing Tan , Yanan Sun , De-Shi Zhang , Wei-Bo Duan
Published: July 2018

In consideration of the rod, the tube, and the liquid column, a 3D dynamic model was established, which could be expressed as a set of partial differential equations. A measured torque curve and a calculated torque curve of Nan1-2-22 oil-well in Daqing oilfield were contrasted with each other which improved the rationality of this model. At last, we researched the influence of the stroke and the frequency of stroke on the displacement of rod, suspension velocity, suspension acceleration, polish rod load, and net torque of gearbox. This 3D dynamic model has a higher calculated accuracy and veracity and could be used to design and optimize the structure of rod pumping and the working process of pumping wells.