bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seizures, behavioral deficits, and adverse drug responses in two new genetic mouse models of HCN1 epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Merseburg Andrea , Kasemir Jacquelin , Buss Eric W , Leroy Felix , Bock Tobias , Porro Alessandro , Barnett Anastasia , Tröder Simon E , Engeland Birgit , Stockebrand Malte , Moroni Anna , Siegelbaum Steven A , Isbrandt Dirk , Santoro Bina
Published: August 2022

De novo mutations in voltage- and ligand-gated channels have been associated with an increasing number of cases of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, which often fail to respond to classic antiseizure medications. Here, we examine two knock-in mouse models replicating de novo sequence variations in the human HCN1 voltage-gated channel gene, p.G391D and p.M153I (Hcn1G380D/+ and Hcn1M142I/+ in mouse), associated with severe drug-resistant neonatal- and childhood-onset epilepsy, respectively. Heterozygous mice from both lines displayed spontaneous generalized tonic–clonic seizures. Animals replicating the p.G391D variant had an overall more severe phenotype, with pronounced alterations in the levels and distribution of HCN1 protein, including disrupted targeting to the axon terminals of basket cell interneurons. In line with clinical reports from patients with pathogenic HCN1 sequence variations, administration of the antiepileptic Na+ channel antagonists lamotrigine and phenytoin resulted in the paradoxical induction of seizures in both mouse lines, consistent with an impairment in inhibitory neuron function. We also show that these variants can render HCN1 channels unresponsive to classic antagonists, indicating the need to screen mutated channels to identify novel compounds with diverse mechanism of action. Our results underscore the necessity of tailoring effective therapies for specific channel gene variants, and how strongly validated animal models may provide an invaluable tool toward reaching this objective.
MKK6 deficiency promotes cardiac dysfunction through MKK3-p38γ/δ-mTOR hyperactivation
Authors: Romero-Becerra Rafael , Mora Alfonso , Manieri Elisa , Nikolic Ivana , Santamans Ayelén Melina , Montalvo-Romeral Valle , Cruz Francisco Miguel , Rodríguez Elena , León Marta , Leiva-Vega Luis , Sanz Laura , Bondía Víctor , Filgueiras-Rama David , Jiménez-Borreguero Luis Jesús , Jalife José , Gonzalez-Teran Barbara , Sabio Guadalupe
Published: August 2022

Stress-activated p38 kinases control a plethora of functions, and their dysregulation has been linked to the development of steatosis, obesity, immune disorders, and cancer. Therefore, they have been identified as potential targets for novel therapeutic strategies. There are four p38 family members (p38α, p38β, p38γ, and p38δ) that are activated by MKK3 and MKK6. Here, we demonstrate that lack of MKK6 reduces the lifespan in mice. Longitudinal study of cardiac function in MKK6 KO mice showed that young mice develop cardiac hypertrophy which progresses to cardiac dilatation and fibrosis with age. Mechanistically, lack of MKK6 blunts p38α activation while causing MKK3-p38γ/δ hyperphosphorylation and increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, resulting in cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy in MKK6 KO mice is reverted by knocking out either p38γ or p38δ or by inhibiting the mTOR pathway with rapamycin. In conclusion, we have identified a key role for the MKK3/6-p38γ/δ pathway in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, which has important implications for the clinical use of p38α inhibitors in the long-term treatment since they might result in cardiotoxicity.
Effects of side-effect risk framing strategies on COVID-19 vaccine intentions: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sudharsanan Nikkil , Favaretti Caterina , Hachaturyan Violetta , Bärnighausen Till , Vandormael Alain
Published: August 2022

Background:

Fear over side-effects is one of the main drivers of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. A large literature in the behavioral and communication sciences finds that how risks are framed and presented to individuals affects their judgments of its severity. However, it remains unknown whether such framing changes can affect COVID-19 vaccine behavior and be deployed as policy solutions to reduce hesitancy.

Methods:

We conducted a pre-registered randomized controlled trial among 8998 participants in the United States and the United Kingdom to examine the effects of different ways of framing and presenting vaccine side-effects on individuals’ willingness to get vaccinated and their perceptions of vaccine safety.

Results:

Adding a descriptive risk label (‘very low risk’) next to the numerical side-effect and providing a comparison to motor-vehicle mortality increased participants’ willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine by 3.0 percentage points (p=0.003) and 2.4 percentage points (p=0.049), respectively. These effects were independent and additive and combining both framing strategies increased willingness to receive the vaccine by 6.1 percentage points (p<0.001). Mechanistically, we find evidence that these framing effects operate by increasing individuals’ perceptions of how safe the vaccine is.

Conclusions:

Low-cost side-effect framing strategies can meaningfully affect vaccine intentions at a population level.

Funding:

Heidelberg Institute of Global Health.

Clinical trial number:

German Clinical Trials Registry (#DRKS00025551).
My Sapphire-hued Lord, My Beloved! Kulacēkara Ā̱lvār’s Perumāl Tirumo̱li. By Suganya Ananda-Kichenin
Authors: Clooney Francis X.
Published: August 2022

My Sapphire-hued Lord, My Beloved! Kulacēkara Ā̱lvār’s Perumāl Tirumo̱li. By Suganya Ananda-Kichenin. Collection Indologie, vol. 136. NETamil Series, vol. 2. Pondichéry: Ecole française d’extrême-Orient, 2018. Pp. xi + 604.
L’Europe et les géographes arabes du Moyen Âge (IXe–XVe siècle): “La grande terre” et ses peuples. Conceptualisation d’un espace ethnique et politique. By Jean-Charles Ducène
Authors: Antrim Zayde
Published: August 2022

L’Europe et les géographes arabes du Moyen Âge (IXe–XVe siècle): “La grande terre” et ses peuples. Conceptualisation d’un espace ethnique et politique. By Jean-Charles Ducène. Paris: CNRS Éditions, 2018. Pp. 502. €27.
Ruby in the Dust: Poetry and History in Padmāvat by the South Asian Sufi Poet Muḥammad Jāyasī. By Thomas de Bruijn
Authors: Sreenivasan Ramya
Published: August 2022

Ruby in the Dust: Poetry and History in Padmāvat by the South Asian Sufi Poet Muḥammad Jāyasī. By Thomas de Bruijn. Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2012. Pp. 371. [American ed., 2013. Dist. by University of Chicago Press.]
Grammar of Mandarin. By Jeroen Wiedenhof
Authors: VanNess Simmons Richard
Published: August 2022

A Grammar of Mandarin. By Jeroen Wiedenhof. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2015. Pp. xxiii + 477. $158 (cloth); $54 (paper).
Wenzi: Creativity and Intertextuality in Early Chinese Philosophy. By Paul van Els
Authors: Meyer Andrew
Published: August 2022

The Wenzi: Creativity and Intertextuality in Early Chinese Philosophy. By Paul van Els. Studies in

the History of Chinese Texts, vol. 9. Leiden: Brill, 2018. Pp. xiv + 233. $108, €90.
Parthika: Greek and Roman Authors’ Views of the Arsacid Empire. Edited by Josef Wiesehöfer and Sabine Müller
Authors: Drivers Jan Willem
Published: August 2022

Parthika: Greek and Roman Authors’ Views of the Arsacid Empire. Edited by Josef Wiesehöfer and Sabine Müller. Classica et Orientalia, vol. 15. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2017. Pp. xiii + 312. €78.
Neo-Assyrian Specialists: Crafts, Offices, and Other Professional Designations. By Heather D. Baker
Authors: Jakob Stefan
Published: August 2022

Neo-Assyrian Specialists: Crafts, Offices, and Other Professional Designations. By Heather D. Baker. The Prosopography of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, vol. 4, pt. 1, Professions Index . Helsinki: The Neo- ASssrian Text Corpus Project, 2017. Pp. xvii + 397. $94 (paper). [Distributed by Penn State Univ . Press, University Park, PA]
Shinra Myōjin and Buddhist Networks of the East Asian “Mediterranean”. By SuJung Kim
Authors: Eubanks Charlotte
Published: August 2022

Shinra Myōjin and Buddhist Networks of the East Asian “Mediterranean”. By SuJung Kim. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 2020. Pp. x + 180. $68.
Medieval Jerusalem: Forging an Islamic City in Spaces Sacred to Christians and Jews. By Jacob Lassner
Authors: Frenkel Miriam
Published: August 2022

Medieval Jerusalem: Forging an Islamic City in Spaces Sacred to Christians and Jews. By Jacob Lassner. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2017. Pp. xxv + 242. $75.
Carriage of HBs Antigen and Hepatitis C Virus in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Positive People at the Grand-Yoff General Hospital in Dakar, Senegal
Authors: Diop Abdou , Sylva Antoine , Diouf Niokhor Ndane , Boye Ousseynou , Fall Khadidiatou Sarr , Mbow Moustapha , Mbengue Babacar , Dièye Alioune , Niang Maguette Sylla
Published: August 2022

Objective: To investigate the carriage of HBs antigen (Ag) and hepatitis C virus in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at Grand-Yoff General Hospital.

Materials and Methods: Sera from patients living with HIV and monitored at Grand-Yoff General Hospital have benefited from research for HBs Ag, HBe Ag, anti-H[8] Be antibodies and on these co-infected patients, a test for hepatitis C virus was also carried out.

Results: This study included 147 HIV-infected patients and including 95 women (64.63%) and 52 men (35, 37%) with a median age of 46 years (16-78 years). The gender ratio is M/W was 0.54 and the age group most represented at inclusion was 30-39 years old with 31.97% of patients. 12, 25% of patients were co-infected HIV and hepatitis B including 11 women (61.11%) and 7 men (38.89%). The median age was 39.5 years (33-60 years), women were the affected by co-infection and 44.44% of them were married. Chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C markers were tested for in HIV/HBV coinfected patients using a microparticulate chemiluminescence immunoassay technic. Investigation of hepatitis B chronicity markers indicated that all patient, except one, underwent anti-HBe seroconversion (94.4%) and no case of co-infection with HCV had been noted. During follow-up, all patients were under antiretroviral therapy with mainly tenofovir (TDF) which was the most used molecule with 83.33%, followed by lamivudine (3TC) 16.67%.

Conclusion: HIV infection is a major public health problem when it is associated with hepatitis B and C virus.
Acute and Chronic Pain Management in Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Alsomali Dunya Yunus , Harshan Fahad Mohammed , Alnakhlie Walaa Saleh , Alsadiq Zahra Malik , Alenazi Mansour Menwi , Alshammari Faisal Dubayyan , Shaman Salem Ahmed , Albiek Hawra Fawzi , Algubashi Abdulmalek Hassan , Almuhaidib Meshal Abdulrahman , Alnaeem Yasser Abdulrhman
Published: August 2022

Sickle cell disease is a genetic haemoglobin disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. Pain is one of the most commonly reported complication of sickle cell disease. Pain is further classified into two categories acute pain and chronic pain. Chronic pain is associated with more serious complications. Management of pain has a significant impact on quality of life of sickle cell disease patients. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about acute and chronic pain management in sickle cell disease. The best treatment for both acute and chronic pain requires a customized, varied approach. This approach combines therapeutic, non-pharmacological therapies, as well as integrated therapies as per the specific needs of each patient. Opioids are effectively used in management of the pain of sickle cell disease and their use is supported by literature especially in chronic pain. Methadone, ketamine, and nitrous oxide are also used to manage pain. For the treatment of acute pain, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, short-acting opioids, and adjuvants are used effectively in clinical practice. Opioids have become the recommended treatment for pain in sickle cell disease, and many chronic pain patients are sustained on opioid therapy for the rest of their lives. However, the distinction between acute and chronic opioid therapy modalities is blurred in sickle cell disease due to the association between recurring acute pain and chronic pain. Limited literature is available regarding management guidelines and therapeutic strategies so more clinical research and trials are needed in future to design and study effective management strategies for both acute and chronic pain.
Estimating abundance in unmarked populations of Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)
Authors: Stien Jennifer , Stien Audun , Tveraa Torkild , Rød‐Eriksen Lars , Eide Nina E. , Killengreen Siw T.
Published: August 2022

Estimates of species abundance are of key importance in population and ecosystem level research but can be hard to obtain. Study designs using camera traps are increasingly being used for large‐scale monitoring of species that are elusive and/or occur naturally at low densities.

Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) is one such species, and we investigate whether existing large‐scale monitoring programs using baited camera traps can be used to estimate the abundance of golden eagles, as an alternative to traditional labour‐intensive searches for active territories and nest sites during the breeding period.

The camera‐trap data allowed two measures of abundance to be estimated within each of four main study areas in mid and northern Norway; occupancy was measured as the probability of camera site use, and population size was measured as the number of individuals using camera sites within a study area. Spatial and temporal patterns in occupancy and population size were explored and evaluated against independent estimates of breeding pair density in the study areas.

Annual estimates of golden eagle occupancy showed low precision, while estimates of population size were more precise in relation to both estimated and anticipated abundance fluctuations. Estimates of population size may therefore be suitable for monitoring within‐study area temporal abundance trends, while estimates of occupancy seem unsuitable for such for golden eagles. Across study areas, patterns in both average occupancy and average population density estimated from population size were consistent with the spatial pattern in average breeding pair densities (r = 0.99, and r = 0.89, respectively). This suggests that camera‐trap‐based estimates of occupancy and population density, both reflect territory density at large spatial scales. In conclusion, our results suggest that baited camera traps can be a cost‐effective strategy for monitoring the abundance of golden eagles.
Carbon‐Shielded Single‐Atom Alloy Material Family for Multi‐Functional Electrocatalysis
Authors: Tong Yueyu , Liu Jiaxin , Wang Liqun , Su Bing‐Jian , Wu Kuang‐Hsu , Juang Jenh‐Yih , Hou Feng , Yin Lichang , Dou Shi Xue , Liu Jian , Liang Ji
Published: August 2022

Encapsulating metal‐based catalysts inside carbon sheaths is a frequently‐adopted strategy to enhance their durability under various harsh situations and improve their catalytic activity simultaneously. Such carbon encapsulation, however, imposes significant complications for directly modifying materials’ surface atomic/electronic configurations, fundamentally impeding the accurate tuning of their catalytic capabilities. Herein, a universal single‐atom alloy (SAA) strategy is reported to indirectly yet precisely manipulate the surface electronic structure of carbon‐encapsulated electrocatalysts. By versatilely constructing a SAA core inside an N‐doped carbon sheath, material's electrocatalytic capability can be flexibly tuned. The one with Ru‐SAA cores serves as an excellent bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen/hydrogen evolution, exhibiting minimal cell voltage of 1.55 V (10 mA cm−2) and outstanding mass activity of 1251 mA m for overall water splitting, while the one with Ir‐SAA cores possesses superior oxygen reduction activity with a half‐wave potential of 919 mV. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the doped atoms can simultaneously optimize the adsorption of protons (H*) and oxygenated intermediates (OH*, O*, and OOH*) to achieve the remarkable thermoneutral hydrogen evolution and enhanced oxygen evolution. This work thus demonstrates a versatile strategy to precisely modify the surface electronic properties of carbon‐shielded materials for optimized performances.
Visible‐Blind Deep Ultraviolet Photomultiplication Organic Photodetectors with Ultrahigh Gain for UVB and UVC Light Detection
Authors: Yang Liqing , Yang Dezhi , Guo Dechao , Zheng Jingbo , Tao Sizhe , Li Ji , He Guo , Ma Dongge
Published: August 2022

Photomultiplication‐type organic photodetectors (PM‐OPDs) have developed rapidly in UVA, visible and near‐infrared ranges, but they face great challenges in the UVB and UVC ranges, mainly due to the difficulty of simultaneously realizing deep UV light‐transmittance electrode and high gain structure. Here, the copper and silver bilayer composite electrodes are developed to overcome the problem of silver island growth, thus ensuring high deep UV light transmittance and good matching with electrical gain mechanism. The fabricated device shows high external quantum efficiency as high as 195,665% at 255 nm in UVC region. Furthermore, the above electrodes are integrated with low‐cost UV filter glass ZWB1 by simple vacuum evaporation. Finally, low‐cost visible‐blind deep UV PM‐OPDs with a rejection ratio of up to 4788 is achieved through an additional strategy of adjusting the absorption spectrum of the active layer. Benefiting from its fast response speed, the device can be directly applied to faint flame monitoring in real‐time.
A High‐Performance Self‐Powered Photodetector Based on MAPbBr3 Single Crystal Thin Film/MoS2 Vertical Van Der Waals Heterostructure
Authors: Xu Zhongquan , Zeng Yonghong , Meng Fanxu , Gao Shan , Fan Sidi , Liu Yi , Zhang Yule , Wageh Swelm , Al‐Ghamdi Ahmed A. , Xiao Jing , Guo Zhinan , Zhang Han
Published: August 2022

Methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) single crystal thin film shows great opportunities in high‐performance optoelectronic devices due to its high absorption coefficient, high photoelectric conversion efficiency, and low trap‐state density properties. In order to fabricate a highly sensitive self‐powered photodetectors, herein, a MAPbBr3 single crystal thin film/molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) vertical p‐n heterostructure based photodetector has been built by typical polymer film assisted dry transfer method and micromachining technique. Attributing to the built‐in electric field and the shortened transmit distance for the photogenerated carriers in this heterostructure, the device shows excellent photovoltaic characteristics with a maximum output electrical power of 7 nW and power conversion efficiency of 8% at 0.34 V under 532 nm laser. Moreover, prominent photoelectric properties with responsivity of 368 mA W−1 and detectivity of 3.74 × 1012 Jones for 532 nm laser without any bias have been achieved, which are ranking high among the organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites based self‐power photodetectors. These results demonstrate that the MAPbBr3 single crystal thin film/MoS2 vertical heterostructure can pave a new way to develop high‐performance photovoltaic devices.
A Pathway to Fabricate Gallium Nitride Embedded 3D High‐Index‐Contrast Optical Structures
Authors: ElAfandy Rami T. , Mi Chenziyi , Wang Sizhen , Han Jung
Published: August 2022

Optical engineering of gallium nitride (GaN) semiconductor material has enabled novel applications and technologies. 3D optical engineering is challenging and mostly accomplished by surface‐level patterning with subtractive or additive means. In this work a pathway, based on epitaxial conductivity control in conjunction with ion implant and subsequent electrochemical etching, to generate complex embedded nanoporous (NP)‐GaN/GaN or air/GaN 3D optical structures is presented. A range of subsurface structures is demonstrated including in‐plane NP‐GaN stripes and curved patterns, air/GaN microchannels, and localized, embedded distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) as micromirrors. To further demonstrate the versatility of the technique, adjacent DBR micromirrors, of different thicknesses, embedded depths, and widths, are created in the same fabrication steps. Computer simulations are used to shed light on the limitations of feature sizes of the presented technique. The approach is a simple, scalable, and versatile approach for fabricating embedded 3D optical structures readily extendable beyond GaN semiconductors.
Preparation and Evaluation of Sterically Hindered Acridine Photocatalysts
Authors: Zhilyaev Kirill A. , Lipilin Dmitry L. , Kosobokov Mikhail D. , Samigullina Aida I. , Dilman Alexander D.
Published: August 2022

A practical nickel‐catalyzed protocol for the synthesis of sterically hindered 9‐arylacridines via Negishi type cross‐coupling was developed. The method enables a convenient approach to a set of active acridine photocatalysts starting from commercially available 9‐chloroacridine, inexpensive catalyst [NiCl2(Ph3P)2], and organozinc reagent with no need for additional ligands and precious metals. The synthetic protocol could be readily performed on a gram scale. The photocatalytic efficiency of obtained acridines was tested in decarboxylative thiolation and amination reactions. Structures of 19 acridines were studied by X‐ray analysis, which allowed to propose a steric descriptor relevant to the catalytic activity.

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First report of a short in‐frame biallelic deletion removing part of the EGF‐like domain calcium‐binding motif in LTBP4 and causing autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 1C
Authors: Ravel Jean‐Marie , Comel Margot , Wandzel Marion , Bronner Myriam , Tatopoulos Aurélie , Renaud Mathilde , Lambert Laëtitia , Bursztejn Anne‐Claire , Bonnet Céline
Published: August 2022

Cutis laxa (CL) is a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by wrinkled, abundant and sagging skin, sometimes associated with systemic impairment. Biallelic alterations in latent transforming growth factor beta‐binding protein 4 gene (LTBP4) cause autosomal recessive type 1C cutis laxa (ARCL1C, MIM #613177). The present report describes the case of a 17‐months‐old girl with cutis laxa together with a literature review of previous ARCL1C cases. Based on proband main clinical signs (cutis laxa and pulmonary emphysema), clinical exome sequencing (CES) was performed and showed a new nine base‐pairs homozygous in‐frame deletion in LTBP4 gene. RT‐PCR and cDNA Sanger sequencing were performed in order to clarify its impact on RNA. This report demonstrates that a genetic alteration in the EGF‐like 14 domain calcium‐binding motif of LTBP4 gene is likely responsible for cutis laxa in our patient.
Tetrazine Linkers as Plug‐and‐Play Tags for General Metal‐Organic Framework Functionalization and C60 Conjugation
Authors: Lerma‐Berlanga Belén , Ganivet Carolina R. , Almora‐Barrios Neyvis , Vismara Rebecca , Navarro Jorge A. R. , Tatay Sergio , Padial Natalia M. , Martí‐Gastaldo Carlos
Published: August 2022

The value of covalent post‐synthetic modification in expanding the chemistry and pore versatility of reticular solids is well documented. Here we use mesoporous crystals of the metal–organic framework (MOF) UiO‐68‐TZDC to demonstrate the value of tetrazine connectors for all‐purpose inverse electron‐demand Diels–Alder ligation chemistry. Our results suggest a positive effect of tetrazine reticulation over its reactivity for quantitative one‐step functionalization with a broad scope of alkene or alkyne dienophiles into pyridazine and dihydropyridazine frameworks. This permits generating multiple pore environments with diverse chemical functionalities and the expected accessible porosities, that is also extended to the synthesis of crystalline fulleretic materials by covalent conjugation of fullerene molecules.
Unshared Pair Electrons of Zincophilic Lewis Base Enable Long‐life Zn Anodes under “Three High” Conditions
Authors: Zhou Lijun , Wang Fuxin , Yang Fan , Liu Xiaoqing , Yu Yanxia , Zheng Dezhou , Lu Xihong
Published: August 2022

The hydrogen evolution and dendrite issues are the notorious culprits of the limited lifespan and Coulombic efficiency (CE) of Zn anodes, particularly at harsh test conditions. Herein, considering the Lewis acidic feature of Zn2+, abundant unshared pair electrons of zincophilic Lewis bases are proposed as decent electrolyte additives to stabilize Zn anodes at “Three High” conditions (high depth of discharge, high areal capacity and high current). The unshared pair electrons can remove H2O from Zn2+ solvated sheaths and confine the activity of H2O by breaking its hydrogen bonding network. The combination of these factors effectively restricts H2O‐involved side reactions and enables dendrite‐free Zn deposition, even at harsh conditions. The effectiveness of this strategy is fully proved by a series of Lewis base molecules. Noticeably, the Zn||Zn cell with an area of 20 cm2, using DMF‐containing electrolyte can be stably cycled over 1000 h at 60 % DOD, with a 100 % CE.
Dearomative Aminocarbonylation of Arenes via Bifunctional Coordination to Chromium
Authors: Wang Ming‐Yang , Wu Cheng‐Jie , Zeng Wei‐Long , Jiang Xu , Li Wei
Published: August 2022

Amides are ubiquitous in physical and life sciences. Given the significant abundance of arenes, dearomative aminocarbonylation of arenes would lead to a large and underexplored chemical space for amide discovery. However, such reactions are challenging due to the high degree of resonance stabilization and selectivity issues. Herein, we disclose an unprecedented dearomative trifluoromethylative aminocarbonylation of arenes via bifunctional coordination to chromium, providing a modular platform for the construction of amides possessing trifluoromethyl (CF3) groups and three‐dimensional rings. Its versatility further enabled a switchable difluoromethylation or trifluoromethylation aminocarbonylation of arene C−H bonds. A possible mechanism was proposed based on control experiments. Finally, the synthetic utility was well demonstrated by diverse applications in the total synthesis of CF3‐functionalized amide‐type drugs, including praziquantel, nateglinide, maraviroc and alloyohimbane.
Synthesis of novel methacrylate‐based nanocomposites containing ZnO via the hydrothermal method and determination of thermal, optical, and biocidal properties
Authors: Erol Ibrahim , Aksu Mecit , Gürler Zeki
Published: August 2022

In this work, the hydrothermal method was used to prepare nanocomposites of a new methacrylate polymer (PFPAMA) carrying the aryl fluoro group in the side branch and containing different mass ratios (1%, 3%, and 5%) of nano ZnO. Morphological and structural properties of the PFPAMA‐ZnO nanocomposites were determined via scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet (UV), and X‐ray diffraction, whereas the thermal properties of the nanocomposites were determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. The obtained results showed that the thermal stability and glass transition temperature (Tg) of the nanocomposites had increased with the increase in the amount of ZnO. Thermal degradation activation energies (Ea) of the nanocomposites were calculated via non‐isothermal TGA experiments using the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose methods. Both calculated Ea values were compatible with each other and increased in parallel with the ZnO increases. The UV measurements showed that the ZnO nanoparticles added to the PFPAMA played an important role as a UV barrier, and thus expanding the potential applications of the PFPAMA polymer. Finally, the biological activities of the PFPAMA/ZnO nanocomposites against Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria were also tested.
Investigation of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity of benzenesulfonamides incorporating substituted fused‐pyrimidine tails
Authors: Abdel‐Mohsen Heba T. , Petreni Andrea , Supuran Claudiu T.
Published: August 2022

Two new series of 2‐thiocyclopenta[d]pyrimidine‐benzenesulfonamides 12a–l and 2‐thiotetrahydroquinazoline‐benzenesulfonamides 13a–j were synthesized and evaluated for their carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitory acivity and cytotoxic activity. The derivatives 12a and 12i exerted effective inhibition against CA II with Ki = 0.11 and 0.15 µM, while 12a, 12e, 12i, and 13d (Ki = 0.083–0.087 µM) were found to be the most potent against CA XII. In addition, higher selectivity toward CA II and CA XII over CA I and CA IX was observed for the majority of the synthesized conjugates. Analysis of the effect of the synthesized compounds on NCI cancer cell lines revealed that compounds 12b and 13d showed mean growth inhibitory effects of 53.59% and 49.25%, respectively. Docking of the synthesized hybrids in the CA II and CA XII binding pockets displayed the capability of the benzenesulfonamide derivatives to form, through their SO2NH2 moiety, the characteristic interactions of the traditional CA inhibitors, besides additional interactions achieved by the tail with isoform‐specific residues in the peripheral part of the CA binding sites.
HPLC and GC–MS–based metabolic profiles and in vivo anticonvulsant, sedative, and antinociceptive potentials of truffles Tirmania nivea and Tirmania pinoyi hydromethanolic extracts in mice
Authors: Aboutabl Mona E. , Elkhateeb Waill A. , Masoud Marwa A. , Daba Ghoson M. , Afifi Ahmed H. , Hussein Rehab A.
Published: August 2022

GC–MS and HPLC analyses of the hydromethanolic extracts of the truffles Tirmania nivea (TN) and Tirmania pinoyi (TP) revealed the presence of 18 metabolites and 11 polyphenols, respectively. In vivo, TP extract protected against subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) and maximal electric shock (MES)‐induced convulsions faster than TN extract. TP extract (100 and 300 mg/kg) showed 100% protection and longer duration than TN extract in the scPTZ test. Similarly, at 300 mg/kg, TP demonstrated a quicker start (75%) and longer duration of action (100%) than TN in MES test. In the scPTZ test, ED50 of TP demonstrated greater anticonvulsant efficacy than that of TN. In mice given TP and TN treatments, the brain GABA levels noticeably increased. TP (100 and 300 mg/kg) produced a notable sedative effect in open‐field test, whereas TN (100 or 300 mg/kg) and TP (300 mg/kg) reduced sleep latency by 52%, 45%, and 79%, respectively. In writhing test, TN (100 or 300 mg/kg) significantly enhanced analgesic efficacy by 50 and 87%, respectively. Comparatively, in formalin test, TP and TN at a dosage of 300 mg/kg decreased the length of the licking by 34 and 59%, respectively. For the first time, this study explains the anticonvulsant, sedative, central, and peripheral analgesic activities of truffle extracts.
CircSERPINA3 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by targeting miR‐885‐5p
Authors: Xu Qiushi , Yu Bing , Chen Wenjing , Li Wenlong , Sun Yuanhao , Fang Yanchun
Published: August 2022

CircSERPINA3 has been shown to be upregulated in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC); however, whether it regulates the development of LSCC and the specific molecular mechanism remains unclear, which is to be explored in this study. Expressions of circSERPINA3, miR‐885‐5p, and Malic enzyme 1 (ME1) in LSCC tissues or cell lines were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). The regulation of circSERPINA3 on the biological behavior of LSCC cells was confirmed by loss and gain experiments (cell counting kit‐8, transwell, and colony formation assay). The correlation between circSERPINA3/ME1 and miR‐885‐5p was predicted and confirmed by bioinformatics analysis, dual‐luciferase reporter assay, and qRT‐PCR. The effect of circSERPINA3/miR‐885‐5p axis on the biological behavior of LSCC cells and expressions of epithelial–mesenchymal transition‐related proteins was confirmed by rescue experiments. CircSERPINA3 and ME1 was upregulated in LSCC tissues, whereas miR‐885‐5p was downregulated. MiR‐885‐5p was the target gene of circSERPINA3, whereas ME1 was the target gene of miR‐885‐5p. Silent circSERPINA3 suppressed viability, invasion, migration, colony formation, and expression of ME1, claudin‐4, snail, and vimentin but elevated expression of miR‐885‐5p and E‐cadherin, whereas overexpressed circSERPINA3 was the opposite. However, miR‐885‐5p inhibitor or mimic reversed the effects of silent circSERPINA3 or overexpressed circSERPINA3. Collectively, circSERPINA3 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of LSCC cells by targeting miR‐885‐5p.
SARM suppresses glioma progression in GL261 glioma cells and regulates microglial polarization
Authors: Zhou Chun , Li Tianzun , Dong Qian , Liang Hong , Xu Lunshan
Published: August 2022

Microglia is the major cellular component of glioma mass that promotes glioma growth, invasion, and chemoresistance by releasing inflammatory factors. Sterile alpha and HEAT/Armadillo motif (SARM), a member of the Toll‐interleukin‐1 receptor (TIR) domain‐containing adaptor family, is primarily expressed in the central nervous system. However, the role of SARM in glioma is still undefined. In the present work, we examined the function of SARM in microglial polarization and glioma progression. Our results showed that forced the expression of SARM in GL261 glioma cells inhibited tumor growth, and reduced interleukin (IL)‐6 secretion in conditioned media. Silencing of SARM in microglia cells inhibited IL‐4‐induced M2 polarization, enhanced lipopolysaccharide ‐induced M1 microglial polarization. Furthermore, overexpression of SARM increased the migration of microglia cells upon TGFβ stimulation. These data suggested that SARM is involved in neuro‐inflammation and microglia activation. In summary, this study provides novel insight into the mechanisms of microglial polarization.
Porcn as a novel therapeutic target in cancer therapy:  A review
Authors: Raeisi Mortaza , Saberivand Maryam , Velaei Kobra , Aghaei Negar , Rahimi‐Farsi Nasim , Kharrati‐Shishavan Hengameh , Hassanzadeh Davoud , Mehdizadeh Amir
Published: August 2022

Wingless‐related integration site (Wnt) signaling is one of the main oncogenic pathways in different malignancies. Therefore, targeting this pathway has been considered an exciting strategy in cancer treatment. Porcn is among the central enzymes in this pathway that has recently been considered for cancer‐targeted therapy. As a membrane‐bound O‐acyltransferase, Porcn plays a critical role in wnt ligand palmitoylation and its subsequent secretion. In addition to Porcn's role in stem cell signaling and differentiation, recent findings have shown its role in developing and progressing colorectal, pancreatic, liver, head, and neck cancers. Developed small molecule inhibitors have also opened a promising window toward cancer treatment strategies. In this review, the structure and biological role of Porcn in different cancer‐related signaling pathways and inhibitors used for inhibiting this enzyme are discussed.
Chemiluminescent Imaging Assay of SARS‐CoV‐2 Protein with Target‐Induced Enzyme Activity Regulation
Authors: Chen Yuhui , Ao Hang , Xiao Wencheng , Ju Huangxian , Wu Jie
Published: August 2022

Simple but robust testing assays are essential for screening and diagnosis of individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in COVID‐19 pandemic. Here, we described a chemiluminescent imaging assay (CLIA) for sensitive and convenient detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein (NP) by a target‐induced enzyme activity regulation (T‐EAR) strategy. The T‐EAR used a pair of antibody‐DNA probes to recognize SARS‐CoV‐2 NP and proximity‐induce rolling circle amplification for mass‐production of pyrophosphate to coordinate with Cu2+, which prevented the reduction of Cu2+ to Cu+ by sodium ascorbate as well as the Cu+‐caused inactivation of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The activity retention of HRP produced strong CL signal for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 NP by catalyzing the oxidation of luminol by H2O2. The T‐EAR based CLIA showed a wide detection range from 1 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL (13 fM to 1.3 nM) with the requirement of only 0.75 μL of sample. This CLIA had advantages of good sensitivity, simple wash‐free operation, acceptable accuracy, and high‐throughput imaging detection, displaying potential applicability in screening assay of COVID‐19 infection.
Dual MOF‐Derived MoS2/CdS Photocatalysts with Rich Sulfur Vacancies for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Shi Jinyan , Yang Le , Zhang Jie , Wang Zejin , Zhu Wenbo , Wang Ying , Zou Zhigang
Published: August 2022

Cocatalyst plays an important role in efficient charge transfer and separation for photocatalysis. Herein, a MoS2/CdS photocatalyst with MoS2 as cocatalyst was designed by using Mo‐MOF and Cd‐MOF as precursors. Due to the existence of rich sulfur vacancies and 1T phase, MoS2 shows strong charge capture and transport ability. The photo‐generated electrons on conduction band (CB) can be bound by the sulfur vacancy of CdS and effectively transported to MoS2 through the compact interface between the CdS nanoparticles and 2D large‐scale MoS2. The optimal photocatalyst 1 %MoS2/CdS exhibited dramatically improved photocatalytic hydrogen production activity, which is 28 times that of pristine CdS and even about 2 times that of 1 %Pt/CdS with same loading amount of noble metal Pt. This work highlights the role of Mo‐MOF derived MoS2 with 1T‐2H phases as a sustainable and prospective candidate of cocatalyst for improving charge separation and photocatalytic stability of MoS2/CdS composites.
Soil Nitrogen and Carbon Are Affected by Tapping and Weed Covering in a Rubber Plantation
Authors: Chen Yongchuan , Zhang Degang , Deng Yueye , He Xinhua
Published: August 2022

Clarifying the effects of rubber‐tapping and natural growth weed cover on the variations in the concentrations of soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) may be beneficial to rubber plantation management via optimizing soil N and C accumulations and reducing the risk of environmental pollution due to NO3− leaching. This study aims to compare the concentrations of soil total‐N, available‐N, NH4+‐N, NO3−‐N, and SOC for addressing N and C variations as affected by rubber‐tapping or weed covering in a 14‐year‐old rubber (Hevea brasiliensis cv. GT1) plantation in Xishuangbanna, southwest China. The soil samples at 0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm depths between July and December 2018 were examined monthly from no‐rubber‐tapping tree belt (NRTB) or rubber‐tapping tree belt and no‐rubber‐tapping weed zone (NRTWZ) or rubber‐tapping weed zone. The concentrations of SOC, total‐N, available‐N, NH4+‐N, and NO3−‐N vary with soil depths and sampling date. The average concentrations of SOC, total‐N, available‐N, NH4+‐N, and NO3−‐N at 0–60 cm soil depth are significantly higher for the NRTWZs than for the NRTBs. Soil total‐N was positively correlated with SOC; either positive or negative relationships are found among different soil N forms. More soil available‐N and NO3−‐N accumulate for tree growth under weed covering or no‐rubber‐tapping. These findings indicate that the variations in soil N and SOC concentrations should be taken into account as a part of rubber plantation management to improve soil N and C accumulations.
Institutional and stakeholder pressures on organisational performance and green human resources management
Authors: Marrucci Luca , Daddi Tiberio , Iraldo Fabio
Published: August 2022

Green human resource management (GHRM) has recently received increasing attention from scholars and practitioners. In addition to environmental management systems, the circular economy has become a primary strategy for tackling environmental issues. Other studies have suggested that more research is required to identify the drivers of GHRM and explore how it is related to performance outcomes. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of both institutional and stakeholder pressure on environmental and circular economy, economic performance, and environmental reputation of organisations. We also test the mediating roles of performance outcomes on GHRM adoption. Based on data collected from European environmentally certified organisations, we found that both institutional and stakeholder pressures are positively related to organisational performance and GHRM adoption. Performance outcomes also have a positive relationship with GHRM practices. However, our findings also highlight the risk that GHRM can become an elitist practice in high‐performing organisations.
On the noise performances of fractal‐fractional electrical circuits
Authors: Banchuin Rawid
Published: August 2022

In this work, the noise performances of the fractal‐fractional electrical circuits have been addressed. The nonlocal fractal calculus has been adopted as our mathematical basis. The fractal time component has also been included for the physical measurability of electrical quantities. The derivations of crucial stochastic parameters of circuit responses, which determine their noise performances, have been performed. Numerical simulations have also been conducted where the influences of Hausdorff dimension of the fractal set, orders of fractal‐fractional reactive components, and other parameters on the noise performances have been studied. Regardless to any specific circuit, we have found that the noise performances can be improved by increasing the orders of fractal‐fractional reactive components. The optimum Hausdorff dimensions, which the best noise performances can be achieved given the orders of fractal‐fractional reactive components, have also been calculated. The results proposed in this work serve as the foundation for understanding noise in fractal‐fractional electrical circuits and can be extensively applied to large‐scaled circuits, for example, the infinite circuit networks and so forth.
Aberrant gastric functioning in weight‐restored but not acute restricting‐type anorexia nervosa: An electrogastrography study
Authors: Kerr Kara L. , DeVille Danielle C. , Moseman Scott E. , Simmons W. Kyle
Published: August 2022

Objective

Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) have high levels of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, functional GI disorders, and alterations in interoception. The primary aims of the current study were to determine (1) whether individuals with AN differed in gastric physiology as measured by electrogastrography (EGG) as compared to healthy individuals and (2) whether their EGG activity changed from pre‐ to post‐weight restoration.

Method

Adolescent and young adult females receiving inpatient treatment for restricting‐type AN (n = 20) and healthy control females (n = 21) completed two EGG sessions, with measurements taken in fasting state and after administration of a water load. Participants with AN completed the first session while underweight and the second session following weight restoration. Healthy control participants also completed two sessions matched for length of time between sessions.

Results

Participants with AN exhibited decreased normogastria post‐water load when they were weight restored compared to when they were underweight. Healthy control participants' EGG measures were stable across sessions.

Discussion

Findings provide evidence for aberrant gastric physiology in individuals with AN who have been weight restored, but not those in the acute phase of the illness. This supports the need for further research on GI functioning in AN.

Public Significance

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a highly debilitating eating disorder that is difficult to treat. The causes of AN are largely unknown, but some theories suggest problems in gastrointestinal functioning may contribute to the disorder. This study found aberrant gastric functioning in individuals diagnosed with AN after weight restoration treatment. These findings contribute to our understanding of the causes and maintenance of AN and may ultimately lead to better treatments.
Strong plastid degradation is consistent within section Chondrophyllae, the most speciose lineage of Gentiana
Authors: Fu Peng‐Cheng , Chen Shi‐Long , Sun Shan‐Shan , Favre Adrien
Published: August 2022

Recovering phylogenetic relationships in lineages experiencing intense diversification has always been a persistent challenge in evolutionary studies, including in Gentiana section Chondrophyllae sensu lato (s.l.). Indeed, this subcosmopolitan taxon encompasses more than 180 mostly annual species distributed around the world. We sequenced and assembled 22 new plastomes representing 21 species in section Chondrophyllae s.l. In addition to previously released plastome data, our study includes all main lineages within the section. We reconstructed their phylogenetic relationships based on protein‐coding genes and recombinant DNA (rDNA) cistron sequences, and then investigated plastome structural evolution as well as divergence time. Despite an admittedly humble species cover overall, we recovered a well‐supported phylogenetic tree based on plastome data, and found significant discordance between phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic treatments. Our results show that G. capitata and G. leucomelaena diverged early within the section, which is then further divided into two clades. The divergence time estimation showed that section Chondrophyllae s.l. evolved in the second half of the Oligocene. We found that section Chondrophyllae s.l. had the smallest average plastome size (128 KB) in tribe Gentianeae (Gentianaceae), with frequent gene and sequence losses such as the ndh complex and its flanking regions. In addition, we detected both expansion and contraction of the inverted repeat (IR) regions. Our study suggests that plastome degradation parallels the diversification of this group, and illustrates the strong discordance between phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic treatments, which now need to be carefully revised.
Circadian modulation of microglial physiological processes and immune responses
Authors: Guzmán‐Ruiz Mara A. , Guerrero‐Vargas Natalí N. , Lagunes‐Cruz Alejandra , González‐González Shellye , García‐Aviles Jesús Enrique , Hurtado‐Alvarado Gabriela , Mendez‐Hernández Rebeca , Chavarría‐Krauser Anahí , Morin Jean‐Pascal , Arriaga‐Avila Virginia , Buijs Ruud M. , Guevara‐Guzmán Rosalinda
Published: August 2022

Microglia is considered the central nervous system (CNS) resident macrophages that establish an innate immune response against pathogens and toxins. However, the recent studies have shown that microglial gene and protein expression follows a circadian pattern; several immune activation markers and clock genes are expressed rhythmically without the need for an immune stimulus. Furthermore, microglia responds to an immune challenge with different magnitudes depending on the time of the day. This review examines the circadian control of microglia function and the possible physiological implications. For example, we discuss that synaptic prune is performed in the cortex at a certain moment of the day. We also consider the implications of daily microglial function for maintaining biological rhythms like general activity, body temperature, and food intake. We conclude that the developmental stage, brain region, and pathological state are not the only factors to consider for the evaluation of microglial functions; instead, emerging evidence indicates that circadian time as an essential aspect for a better understanding of the role of microglia in CNS physiology.