bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Voice notes in the car: capturing immediate emotions from fieldwork with Sri Lankan refugees
Authors: Ratnam Charishma
Published: January 2024

As researchers, we are trained to publish the most polished versions of our core findings. Yet, what is hidden away when we do so are the raw and sometimes messy accounts of what we see, feel, hear, and experience during fieldwork. Integrating fieldwork challenges into research outputs is still uncommon in human geography. In this paper, I present an excerpt of field notes from research that examined the (re)creations of home by Sri Lankan refugees resettling in Sydney, Australia that were made using the ‘Voice Memos’ application on a smartphone. I reflect on the process of capturing voice field notes using a smartphone, the emotional aspects of fieldwork, and the benefits of documenting fieldwork experiences and challenges at different times and places. This paper champions digital technologies as useful tools to capture immediate emotions felt during fieldwork.
Sensing for survival: specialised regulatory mechanisms of Type III secretion systems in Gram‐negative pathogens
Authors: Manisha Yadav , Srinivasan Mahalashmi , Jobichen Chacko , Rosenshine Ilan , Sivaraman J.
Published: January 2024

For centuries, Gram‐negative pathogens have infected the human population and been responsible for numerous diseases in animals and plants. Despite advancements in therapeutics, Gram‐negative pathogens continue to evolve, with some having developed multi‐drug resistant phenotypes. For the successful control of infections caused by these bacteria, we need to widen our understanding of the mechanisms of host–pathogen interactions. Gram‐negative pathogens utilise an array of effector proteins to hijack the host system to survive within the host environment. These proteins are secreted into the host system via various secretion systems, including the integral Type III secretion system (T3SS). The T3SS spans two bacterial membranes and one host membrane to deliver effector proteins (virulence factors) into the host cell. This multifaceted process has multiple layers of regulation and various checkpoints. In this review, we highlight the multiple strategies adopted by these pathogens to regulate or maintain virulence via the T3SS, encompassing the regulation of small molecules to sense and communicate with the host system, as well as master regulators, gatekeepers, chaperones, and other effectors that recognise successful host contact. Further, we discuss the regulatory links between the T3SS and other systems, like flagella and metabolic pathways including the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, anaerobic metabolism, and stringent cell response.
ISRIB facilitates the co‐culture of human trophoblast stem cells and embryonic stem cells
Authors: Xia Shuwei , Yu Dainan , Wang Yue , He Beijia , Rong Yin , Chen Shuo , Xiao Zhenyu , Wang Hongmei , Wu Hao , Yan Long
Published: January 2024

The embryo‐like structures (embryoids) constructed by aggregating embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) have provided revolutionary tools for studying the intricate interaction between embryonic and extra‐embryonic tissues during early embryonic development, which has been achieved in mice. However, due to the opposite dependence on some signalling pathways for in vitro culture of human ESCs (hESCs) and TSCs (hTSCs), particularly WNT and TGFβ signalling pathways, which limits the construction of human post‐implantation embryoids by aggregating hESCs and hTSCs. To overcome this challenge, here, by screening 1639 chemicals, we found that an inhibitor of integrated stress response, ISRIB, can replace WNT agonists and TGFβ inhibitors to maintain the stemness and differentiation capacity of hTSCs. Thus, we developed an ISRIB‐dependent in vitro culture medium for hTSCs, namely nTSM. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ISRIB could also maintain the hESC stemness. Using a 3D co‐culture system (hESCs and hTSCs aggregate, ETA), we demonstrated that a 1:1 mixture of hESC culture medium (ESM) and nTSM improved the cell proliferation and organisation of both hESC‐ and hTSC‐compartments and the lumenogenesis of hESC‐compartment in ETAs. Overall, our study provided an ISRIB‐dependent system for co‐culturing hESCs and hTSCs, which facilitated the construction of human embryoids by aggregating hESCs and hTSCs.
Human‐associated genetic landscape of walnuts in the Himalaya: implications for conservation and utilization
Authors: Yan Li‐Jun , Fan Peng‐Zhen , Wambulwa Moses C. , Qi Hai‐Ling , Chen Ying , Wu Zeng‐Yuan , Milne Richard I. , Khan Raees , Luo Ya‐Huang , Gao Lian‐Ming , Shen Shi‐Kang , Rashid Irfan , Khan Shujaul Mulk , Maity Debabrata , Li De‐Zhu , Liu Jie
Published: January 2024

Aims

A comprehensive understanding of the genetic variation of walnuts (Juglans regia and J. sigillata) in the Himalaya and its potential drivers are essential for the conservation and sustainable utilization of these plant genetic resources. In this study, we aimed to uncover the genetic landscape of walnuts and potential drivers in the Himalaya for better utilization, awareness, sustainable management and conservation of the extant genetic resources of walnuts in the vast Himalayan landscape.

Location

The Himalaya biodiversity hotspot.

Methods

A total of 1410 wild or feral walnut trees from 65 populations of J. regia and J. sigillata across four countries in the Himalaya were collected. The genetic diversity, population structure, hybridization and gene flow were thoroughly investigated based on the chloroplast genome and 31 nuclear microsatellite markers. The patterns and drivers of the walnut genetic landscape were further explored.

Results

We detected three genetic groups of J. regia (JR1, JR2, JR3), one of J. sigillata (JS) and two hybrid types (JR1 × JS and JR3 × JS) of walnut in the Himalaya, with the western Himalaya identified as the genetic diversity hotspot of J. regia. The spatial genetic pattern of the J. regia was significantly influenced by geographic and climatic factors. Human‐mediated dispersal probably promoted the hybridization and gene introgression between J. regia and J. sigillata, which reshaped the genetic landscape of walnut populations in the Himalaya.

Main Conclusions

The extant genetic landscape of walnuts in the Himalaya was driven by natural and anthropogenic forces. Regarding conservation, the western and eastern Himalaya are the genetic reservoir of J. regia and J. sigillata, and hence, pure individuals should be urgently protected from frequent hybridization and introgression. In addition, we propose the utilization of natural hybrid resources coupled with new breeding techniques that combine genomic and phenotypic data.
Similarity of stream insect trait profiles across biogeographic regions
Authors: Kunz Stefan , Kefford Ben J. , Usseglio‐Polatera Philippe , Hawkins Charles P. , Poff N. LeRoy , Akamagwuna Frank , Odume Nelson , Schmidt‐Kloiber Astrid , Graf Wolfram , Metzeling Leon , Matthaei Christoph D. , Phillips Ngaire , Schäfer Ralf B.
Published: January 2024

Aim

Habitat templet theory predicts that the functional niches of species evolved in response to selection pressures imposed by each species' spatial–temporal environment. Consequently, similar environmental conditions should lead to convergence in the biological trait composition of biogeographically independent assemblages. Given their high diversity and ubiquitous occurrence, stream insects represent an ideal group to test convergence. Such an analysis should provide insight into both how spatially variable stream insect traits are and how transferable trait–environment relationships are across large spatial scales. We tested two hypotheses: (1) functional niches of stream insects are similar across Australia, Europe, North America, New Zealand and Southern Africa, and (2) the variability in trait profiles of stream insects is positively related to climatic variability within regions.

Location

Australia, Europe, North America, New Zealand and Southern Africa.

Methods

We used trait datasets from each region to compare functional niches and to delineate groups of insects with similar trait profiles (hereafter, trait profile groups or TPGs) in each region. We identified the traits most important in separating TPGs. Finally, we assessed if trait profile variability between TPGs was associated with climatic variability within each region.

Results

We found that functional niches of families largely overlapped across the regions examined, except for partial deviations of some Australian families, but that only two trait combinations characterized TPGs across all regions. Feeding mode and respiration traits consistently drove the separation of families into TPGs. The variability of trait profiles slightly increased with increasing climatic variability.

Main Conclusions

Although our study did not allow to demonstrate mechanisms, it is the first to show large similarities between stream insect functional niches across different biogeographic regions, which might be an indication of their convergence. An important factor shaping stream insect assemblages over these large scales might be climate, indicated by the higher trait profile variation in regions with more diverse climates.
Nitrogen availability and plant functional composition modify biodiversity‐multifunctionality relationships
Authors: Pichon Noémie A. , Cappelli Seraina L. , Soliveres Santiago , Mannall Tosca , Nwe Thu Zar , Hölzel Norbert , Klaus Valentin H. , Kleinebecker Till , Vincent Hugo , Allan Eric
Published: January 2024

Biodiversity typically increases multiple ecosystem functions simultaneously (multifunctionality) but variation in the strength and direction of biodiversity effects between studies suggests context dependency. To determine how different factors modulate the diversity effect on multifunctionality, we established a large grassland experiment manipulating plant species richness, resource addition, functional composition (exploitative vs. conservative species), functional diversity and enemy abundance. We measured ten above‐ and belowground functions and calculated ecosystem multifunctionality. Species richness and functional diversity both increased multifunctionality, but their effects were context dependent. Richness increased multifunctionality when communities were assembled with fast‐growing species. This was because slow species were more redundant in their functional effects, whereas different fast species promoted different functions. Functional diversity also increased multifunctionality but this effect was dampened by nitrogen enrichment and enemy presence. Our study suggests that a shift towards fast‐growing communities will not only alter ecosystem functioning but also the strength of biodiversity‐functioning relationships.
Redefine photoprotection: Sun protection beyond sunburn
Authors: van Bodegraven Mirja , Kröger Marius , Zamudio Díaz Daniela F. , Lohan Silke B. , Moritz Rose K. C. , Möller Nadine , Knoblich Chiara , Vogelsang Alexandra , Milinic Zorica , Hallhuber Matthias , Weise Julia M. , Kolbe Ludger , Gallinger Julia , Graupner Cindy , Klose Holger , Ulrich Claas , Meinke Martina C.
Published: January 2024

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light leads to acute and chronic UV damage and is the main risk factor for the development of skin cancer. In most countries with western lifestyle, the topical application of sunscreens on UV‐exposed skin areas is by far the most frequently used preventive measure against sunburn. Further than preventing sunburns, increasing numbers of consumers are appreciating sunscreens with a medium‐ to high‐level sun protective factor (SPF) as basis for sustainable‐skin ageing or skin cancer prevention programs. However, recent investigations indicate that clinically significant DNA damages as well as a lasting impairment of cutaneous immunosurveillance already occur far below the standard of one minimal erythema dose (MED) sunburn level, which contributes to the current discussion of the clinical value of high‐protective SPF values. Ex vivo investigations on human skin showed that the application of SPF30 reduces DNA damage for a day long sun exposure (24 MED) drastically by about 53% but is significantly surpassed by SPF100 reducing DNA damage by approx. 73%. Further analysis on different SPF protection levels in UV‐exposed cell culture assays focusing on IL‐18, cell vitality and cis/trans‐urocanic acid support these findings. Whereas SPF30 and SPF50+ sunscreens already offer a solid UVB cover for most indications, our results indicate that SPF100 provides significant additional protection against mutagenic (non‐apoptotic‐) DNA damage and functional impairment of the cutaneous immunosurveillance and therefore qualifies as an optimized sunscreen for specifically vulnerable patient groups such as immunosuppressed patients, or skin cancer patients.
Pennies and power: finances, relational power, and marital outcomes
Authors: LeBaron‐Black Ashley B. , Dew Jeffrey P. , Wilmarth Melissa J. , Holmes Erin K. , Serido Joyce , Yorgason Jeremy B. , James Spencer
Published: January 2024

Objective

Using feminist theory as a lens, we tested whether couple finance behaviors are associated with marital outcomes and whether shared relational power mediates these associations.

Background

Building on a previous study, we sought to understand financial dynamics and relational power (a) in early marriage, (b) using a nationally representative sample, and (c) considering financial deception.

Method

We tested these associations with a nationally representative sample of mixed‐gender U.S. newlyweds (N = 1,654 couples; data are from the CREATE [Couple Relationships and Transition Experiences] project) using an actor–partner interdependence mediation model.

Results

In support of our hypotheses, we found significant actor and partner associations from financial conflict, financial deception, and unequal influence in financial decision‐making with relational power, marital satisfaction, and marital stability. Additionally, many associations between couple finance variables and marital outcomes were mediated by relational power. We did not find expected associations from employment status and joint/separate bank accounts to relational power, marital satisfaction, or marital stability.

Conclusion

Our findings support feminist claims suggesting that unequal financial power is linked to unequal relational power, which is in turn associated with lower marital satisfaction and stability.

Implications

Financial conflict, financial deception, and unequal financial influence can unbalance relational power and weaken new marriages.
The illusion of balance in the history of the biosphere
Authors: Vermeij Geerat J.
Published: January 2024

Earth's surface has been irreversibly altered by the activity of organisms, a process that has accelerated as the power of the biosphere (the rate at which life extracts and deploys energy) has increased over time. This trend is incompatible with the expectation that the inputs to Earth's surface of life's materials from the crust and mantle be matched by export from Earth's surface to long‐term reservoirs. Here, I suggest that the collective activity of organisms has always violated this balance. The biosphere's ability to extract, retain, recycle, and accumulate materials has allowed living biomass to increase and for exports to decrease over very long timescales. This collective metabolism implies a net transfer of materials from the planet's interior to its surface. The combination of metabolic innovations, competition, adaptive evolution, and the establishment of collaborative economic feedback in ecosystems created dynamic ecological stability despite great spatial and temporal heterogeneity in physical and biological inputs and export of nutrients into and out of the biosphere. Models of geochemical cycling must take the fundamental role of living organisms and the evolutionary changes in these roles into account to explain past and future conditions.
High temperatures and low soil moisture synergistically reduce switchgrass yields from marginal field sites and inhibit fermentation
Authors: Chipkar Sarvada , Kahmark Kevin , Bohm Sven , Hussain Mir Zaman , Joshi Leela , Krieg Karleigh M. , Aguado Jacob , Cassidy Jasmine , Lozano Pablo , Garland Kevin , Senyk Andrea , Debrauske Derek J. , Whelan Elizabeth , Davies Morgan , Urban Paul , Robertson G. Philip , Sato Trey K. , Hamilton Stephen K. , Thelen Kurt D. , Ong Rebecca G.
Published: January 2024

‘Marginal lands’ are low productivity sites abandoned from agriculture for reasons such as low or high soil water content, challenging topography, or nutrient deficiency. To avoid competition with crop production, cellulosic bioenergy crops have been proposed for cultivation on marginal lands, however on these sites they may be more strongly affected by environmental stresses such as low soil water content. In this study we used rainout shelters to induce low soil moisture on marginal lands and determine the effect of soil water stress on switchgrass growth and the subsequent production of bioethanol. Five marginal land sites that span a latitudinal gradient in Michigan and Wisconsin were planted to switchgrass in 2013 and during the 2018–2021 growing seasons were exposed to reduced precipitation under rainout shelters in comparison to ambient precipitation. The effect of reduced precipitation was related to the environmental conditions at each site and biofuel production metrics (switchgrass biomass yields and composition and ethanol production). During the first year (2018), the rainout shelters were designed with 60% rain exclusion, which did not affect biomass yields compared to ambient conditions at any of the field sites, but decreased switchgrass fermentability at the Wisconsin Central–Hancock site. In subsequent years, the shelters were redesigned to fully exclude rainfall, which led to reduced biomass yields and inhibited fermentation for three sites. When switchgrass was grown in soils with large reductions in moisture and increases in temperature, the potential for biofuel production was significantly reduced, exposing some of the challenges associated with producing biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass grown under drought conditions.
Rodents show darker and redder coloration in warm and rainy environments
Authors: Cerezer Felipe O. , Campos Amanda B. , Dambros Cristian S. , Maestri Renan , Bubadué Jamile M. , Cáceres Nilton C.
Published: January 2024

Aim

Animal coloration varies in response to environmental conditions. One well‐known principle, Gloger's rule, suggests that warmer and wetter environments lead to more pigmented animals. Yet, the original formulation lacks differentiation between the two primary melanin pigments: eumelanin and pheomelanin. We examined spatial eumelanin and pheomelanin variation to unravel the impact of various ecological factors on pigment deposition, and to assess support for the complex version of Gloger's rule.

Location

South America.

Time Period

Contemporary.

Major Taxa Studied

Sigmodontine rodents.

Methods

We extracted pelage color data from 231 species and quantified the geographic variation in eu‐ and pheomelanin deposition. We performed linear multiple regression to investigate the influence of temperature, precipitation, predator diversity, and UVA‐B radiance in eumelanin (lightness) and pheomelanin (redness).

Results

Our findings support the original formulations of Gloger's rule. Rodents in warmer and rainier regions, which also entails greater exposure to UV radiation and a diverse range of predators, exhibit darker‐colored pelage. In addition, redder rodents prevail in warmer environments. However, contrary to the rule predictions, we observe a reversal for reddish patterns in relation to precipitation, with rainier regions showcasing more intense red rodents.

Main Conclusions

Our study breaks new ground by investigating previously unexplored facets of Gloger's rule in a continental mammalian group. We discovered compelling evidence that darker and redder coloration aligns closely with temperature and rainfall gradients. Although we found support for eumelanin–pelage predictions, expectations for pheomelanin pigmentation were only partially met. Our results might suggest that selective pressures act differently on dark and reddish coloration, revealing that coloration patterns in response to climate are more intricate than previously formulated.
Climate change and mental health and wellbeing: Reflections from a health geography lens
Authors: Martin Gina
Published: January 2024

There is a growing recognition of the importance of research into the effects of climate change on mental health and wellbeing. This paper provides an overview of the pathways through which climate change can affect mental health and wellbeing, highlighting the valuable contribution that health geography can make in this field of study. Given expertise in spatial processes, human‐environment interactions, and diverse research methods, health geographers are well‐equipped to enhance our understanding of the connection between climate change and mental health and wellbeing. The paper proposes two key areas of future focus: (1) exploring the reciprocal relationships between mental health and place, and (2) integrating knowledge from health geography and environmental sustainability. Health geography can play a critical role in developing knowledge to support mitigation strategies and promote mental health and wellbeing in the face of climate change.
“Über dies eigene Ich wieder hinaus”: Stefan Zweig and Adlerian Psychology
Authors: Resch Stephan
Published: January 2024

This article examines the biographical and literary connections between Austrian writer Stefan Zweig and psychologist Alfred Adler. While Zweig's reception of Freudian psychoanalysis has been widely documented by scholarship, the impact of Adler's Individual Psychology on Zweig's works has so far received little attention. The article will first establish the nature and extent of their personal relationship and Zweig's engagement with and reception of Individual Psychology. It will then draw on Zweig's posthumously published novella War er es? (1942) and provide an Adlerian reading of the text. It will be argued that Zweig's focus on Adler in his exile works owes much to his concept of Finalität, which Zweig adopts as a fundamental future‐oriented outlook in much of his later fiction and nonfiction.
A cross‐sectional analysis of medications used by patients reporting alopecia areata on the FDA adverse events reporting system
Authors: Ravipati Advaitaa , Pradeep Tejus , Tosti Antonella
Published: January 2024

Background

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune condition that leads to patchy, nonscarring hair loss. Its etiology remains unknown; the condition can be debilitating for patients, impacting their psychosocial wellbeing. Various triggers have been reported, ranging from genetic predisposition and infections to environmental factors. Medications have also been thought to be an inciting factor in AA.

Methods

Using the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS), all cases reporting AA as an adverse event were used to capture associated medications and patient characteristics.

Results

There were 1,331 AA cases reported as an adverse event with medication use. Monoclonal antibodies accounted for 6 out of the top 10 drugs associated with the highest number of AA cases. Males were more likely to report AA when taking adalimumab (OR: 1.79, P = 0.04) and dupilumab (OR: 2.56, P = 0.03) compared to females. Individuals between 42 and 64 years old accounted for 46.7% of AA cases. Lastly, females in older age groups showed greater odds of developing AA compared to males (OR: 1.03, P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Based on the FAERS, there has been a steady rise in AA cases, and monoclonal antibodies were the most frequently cited medication class tied to AA. With a dearth of literature on triggers and patient demographics, we sought to describe features of AA cases that could increase awareness and be used to improve future clinical outcomes in patients.
Brassica microgreens cabbage (Brassica oleracea), radish (Raphanus sativus) and rocket (Eruca vesicaria) (L.) Cav: application of red‐light emitting diodes lighting during postharvest storage and in vitro digestion on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity
Authors: Ntsoane Manyasha L. L. , Manhivi Vimbainashe E. , Shoko Tinotenda , Seke Faith , Sultanbawa Yasmina , Sivakumar Dharini
Published: January 2024

Microgreens grow best under light‐emitting diodes (LED), an artificial light source. In this study, LED lights (red, blue and far‐red) were tested on brassica microgreens to see if they induced an increase in bioactive compounds (glucosinolates and phenolics). In vitro digestion also measured bioavailable bioactive compounds in the intestinal phase. LED lights (red, blue and far‐red) were applied for 6 h in storage at 5 °C and 85% RH for 5 days on cabbage (Brassica oleracea), radish (Raphanus sativus) and rocket (Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav). Red light significantly enhanced ascorbic acid, total phenols, kaempferol and quercetin glycoside concentrations in all three Brassica microgreens and antioxidant activities. Exposure to red LED light increased 4‐methoxyglucobrassicin (cabbage), glucoraphenin (radish), glucoraphanin A and glucoerucin (rocket). Red light stress may have resulted in secondary metabolite production in immature plants. An in vitro digestion showed higher concentrations of phenolic compounds, glucosinolate components and antioxidants in the intestinal phase. Red LED light is recommended as a postharvest treatment for improving cabbage, rocket and radish bioactive compounds.
Exploring the potential applications of biopeptides from seaweeds, insects, and food wastes: mechanisms, utilisation, and industry implications
Authors: Le Thanh‐Do , Suttikhana Itthanan , Ashaolu Tolulope Joshua
Published: January 2024

The quest for a green and sustainable environment has created innovative ways of recycling and valorising agro‐based wastes, as well as using uncommon raw materials for food products. Likewise, food proteins and peptides are potentially generated from unique sources such as seaweeds, insects, hemp, rapeseed cake, olive meal cake, sesame meal, flaxseed cake, sunflower meal, spent grain, pomace, and pit for the development of functional foods and biopeptide‐based products. These biopeptides confer numerous positive health benefits against chronic diseases such as cancer, obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and neurodegeneration. In this review, diligent efforts were made to provide an updated status on the biopeptides produced from various unusual sources with certain salient considerations towards their production, biological activities, action mechanisms, and safety. We also discussed the possible drawbacks encountered during their applications in the nutraceutical and functional food industries.
Mental health and lifestyle behavior changes during COVID‐19 among families living in poverty: A descriptive phenomenological study
Authors: Zahry Nagwan R. , Ling Jiying , Robbins Lorraine B.
Published: January 2024

Problem

Families living in poverty may be particularly vulnerable to the deleterious effects of the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). The current study focuses on caregivers of preschoolers aged 3–5 years old who lived in poverty to explore how COVID‐19 affected mental health and lifestyle behaviors and what coping strategies were helpful for dealing with challenges induced by COVID‐19.

Methods

A qualitative study was conducted using individual semi‐structured interviews with 17 caregivers.

Findings

Both caregivers and preschoolers experienced high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression and reported unhealthy eating habits and excessive screen time. Physical activity increased in preschoolers, but declined among caregivers during COVID‐19. Caregivers’ coping strategies included taking short walks, seeking professional and social support, and praying; avoidant caregiver coping strategies including eating when stressed and increased screen time.

Conclusions

Future interventions are warranted to empower caregivers who live in poverty with the skills needed to maintain optimal physical and mental health, as well as assisting them to cope with challenges that may continue post‐COVID‐19.
Effectiveness of an evidenced‐based cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for adolescents in a school setting
Authors: Gray Sarah E. , Carter Michaela , Harper Amanda
Published: January 2024

Problem

The adolescent years are a formative time when rapid hormonal and physical changes stimulate the developing mind. Exposure to poverty, abuse, violence, and lack of peer and social support causes an increase in vulnerability to the development of mental health problems. The COVID‐19 pandemic has also exacerbated symptoms of depression and anxiety. Regardless of the risk factors, anxiety and depression continue to be significant health problems, affecting thousands of adolescents yearly in the United States. The first‐line treatment recommendation for managing anxiety and depression symptoms is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). However, access to a provider for CBT treatment is not always an option for many reasons.

Methods

This pilot evidenced‐based practice project aims to increase access to skills acquired through CBT and improve adolescents' mental health by implementing a brief and evidenced‐based CBT program in a school setting. The CBT program for this project is the Creating Opportunities for Personal Empowerment (COPE) for Teens program consisting of seven 50−55‐min sessions. The COPE program was delivered to 22 students in a 7th‐grade health class. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7‐Item and Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 Modified for Adolescents measured anxiety and depression scores at baseline, post‐intervention, and 2‐month follow‐up.

Findings

Results indicate clinically significant improvements in anxiety and depression scores and showed participant satisfaction.

Conclusions

COPE in the school setting offers a low‐risk solution to improving behaviors and emotional intelligence. COPE is a cost‐effective solution to the mental health provider shortage.
A systematic and comprehensive protocol for rapid orthodontic extrusion
Authors: Crljenica Mirjam Uravić , Perasso Roberto , Imelio Monica , Viganoni Chiara , Pozzan Lucia
Published: January 2024

Objective

The aim of the present paper is to describe a systematic and detailed protocol for rapid orthodontic extrusion, and to summarize the main results of this protocol in terms of migration of dental, hard and soft tissues, for 10 cases.

Clinical considerations

The working design was to apply a protocol lasting 4 weeks of active phase with intense forces (greater than 300 g), perform weekly the circumferential supra‐crestal fiberotomy procedure associated with root‐planning, follow up with a passive stabilization phase of another 4 weeks and evaluate the results.

Conclusions

We believe that despite the partial migration of periodontal tissue, the defined protocol we used is, for simplicity of application, brevity of treatment and results, a viable alternative to the surgical technique of clinical crown lengthening in those cases where it is necessary to have more dental tissue exposed for restorative and prosthetic purposes.
Isolation, identification and characterization of Aeromonas jandaei from diseased Chinese soft‐shell turtles
Authors: Chen Mengmeng , Xue Mingyang , Chen Jingtao , Xiao Zidong , Hu Xiaowei , Zhang Chunjie , Jiang Nan , Fan Yuding , Meng Yan , Zhou Yong
Published: January 2024

Aeromonas jandaei is a gram‐negative bacterium commonly found in aquatic environments and can induce illnesses in amphibians, reptiles and aquatic animals. In this study, a strain of bacteria was isolated from the diseased Chinese soft‐shell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis), then named strain JDP‐FX. This isolate was identified as A. jandaei after analysis of morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, as well as 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences. Virulence genetic testing further detected temperature‐sensitive protease (eprCAI), type III secretion system (TTSS) (ascv), nuclease (nuc), cytotonic enterotoxin (alt) and serine proteinase (ser) in JDP‐FX. Compared with healthy Chinese soft‐shell turtle, the serum levels of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB) and globulin (GLB) were significantly decreased in the diseased Chinese soft‐shell turtle, while, the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly increased. Histopathological observations showed that multiple tissues, including intestinal mucosa, liver and kidney, were severely damaged in the diseased Chinese soft‐shell turtle. Moreover, the diseased Chinese soft‐shell turtle had significant cell degeneration, necrosis, sloughing and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration. The pathogenicity of JDP‐FX was tested via artificial infection. The median lethal dosage (LD50) of the strain was 1.05 × 105 colony forming units (CFU/g) per weight of Chinese soft‐shell turtle. Drug susceptibility analysis revealed that JDP‐FX was susceptible to ceftazidime, minocycline, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone and piperacillin. In addition, JDP‐FX was resistant to doxycycline, florfenicol, sulfonamides, gentamicin, ampicillin and neomycin. Therefore, this study may provide guidance for further research into the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of JDP‐FX infection.
Establishment of a gill cell line from yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) for studying Amyloodinium ocellatum infection of fish
Authors: Li Zhicheng , Zhuang Jingyu , Chen Jiaming , Cao Jizhen , Han Qing , Luo Zhi , Wang Baotun , Wang Hebing , Li Anxing
Published: January 2024

Amyloodinium ocellatum is among the most devastating protozoan parasites, causing huge economic losses in the mariculture industry. However, the pathogenesis of amyloodiniosis remains unknown, hindering the development of targeted anti‐parasitic drugs. The A. ocellatum in vitro model is an indispensable tool for investigating the pathogenic mechanism of amyloodiniosis at the cellular and molecular levels. The present work developed a new cell line, ALG, from the gill of yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus). The cell line was routinely cultured at 28°C in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS). ALG cells were adherent and exhibited an epithelioid morphology; the cells were stably passed over 30 generations and successfully cryopreserved. The cell line derived from A. latus was identified based on partial sequence amplification and sequencing of cytochrome B (Cyt b). The ALG was seeded onto transwell inserts and found to be a platform for in vitro infection of A. ocellatum, with a 37.23 ± 5.75% infection rate. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that A. ocellatum parasitizes cell monolayers via rhizoids. A. ocellatum infection increased the expression of apoptosis and inflammation‐related genes, including caspase 3 (Casp 3), interleukin 1 (IL‐1), interleukin 10 (IL‐10), tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), in vivo or in vitro. These results demonstrated that the in vitro gill cell monolayer successfully recapitulated in vivo A. latus host responses to A. ocellatum infection. The ALG cell line holds great promise as a valuable tool for investigating parasite–host interactions in vitro.
Awaiting the verdict: Statins and the road ahead for primary prevention in older adults
Authors: Aliberti Márlon Juliano Romero , Tavares Caio A. M. , Pajewski Nicholas M.
Published: January 2024

This editorial comments on the article by Orkaby et al. in this issue.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of critical care nurses and their influence on acute skin failure patients in China: A multicenter cross‐sectional study
Authors: Fu Lisang , Chen Yiyuan , Lin Libin , Xu Zhenmei , Zhuang Yaoning
Published: January 2024

Aim

Acute skin failure (ASF) can happen in critically ill patients. Therefore, adequate knowledge and skills regarding ASF are essential to manage this disorder. The aim of this work was to investigate the nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding ASF patients and to analyze its influencing factors in the intensive care unit.

Methods

A multicenter cross‐sectional study was performed in 10 tertiary hospitals in March 2022. Eligible nurses received a survey with a self‐designed questionnaire about their KAP regarding ASF, which included three dimensions and a maximum score of 120. A higher score corresponded to better KAP.

Results

A total of 255 nurses participated in this study. The mean KAP score was 75.6 ± 16.9. The mean scores of the knowledge, attitude, and practice dimensions were 26.2 ± 10.6, 38.2 ± 6.1, and 11.3 ± 4.3, respectively. The dimensions were ranked according to score (from low to high) as follows: knowledge (2.6 ± 1.1), practice (2.8 ± 1.1), and attitude (3.8 ± 0.6). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that more training sessions and an advanced professional title were associated with higher KAP scores.

Conclusions

The overall KAP score on ASF was low in nurses. Nurses had a positive attitude towards ASF, but their knowledge and practice required significant improvement. Those who had received more training and held a more advanced professional title exhibited higher KAP scores regarding ASF. Therefore, nurse managers should establish a relevant knowledge training system, strengthen relevant training, and improve nursing practices for ASF in order to achieve a high level of KAP in nurses who treat ASF patients.
Immunohistochemical characterization of integrin alfa 6 in uterus and cervix of the cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) with MfPV3 infection
Authors: Setyawaty Dyah , Mariya Silmi , Prabandari Silvia A. , Boilessen Ditte Rahbaek , Holst Peter Johannes , Darusman Huda Shalahudin
Published: January 2024

Background

Cervical cancer is an abnormal growth of cervical tissue epithelial cells due to persistent human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) can be naturally and spontaneously infected with M. fascicularis Papillomavirus Type 3 (MfPV3), a virus that is phylogenetically closely related to human oncogenic HPV (HPV‐16 and HPV‐34), and therefore a potentially beneficial for modeling HPV disease. This study aims to evaluate the expression of the integrin alpha 6 (ITGα6) receptor in cynomolgus monkeys spontaneously infected with MfPV3, which this receptor also found in human infected with HPV.

Methods

The study was done on archived Formalin‐fixed Paraffin‐Embedded (FFPE) samples of uterine and cervix tissue of cynomolgus monkeys. Immunohistochemistry was also performed to quantify the expression levels of ITGα6.

Results

The results showed 80% of the samples positive Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) and increased expression of ITGα6 significantly in Positive‐MfPV3 group than negative‐MfPV3 group.

Conclusions

This indicated the potential of cynomolgus monkeys as a spontaneous oncogenesis model of PV infection type.
Predicting preterm birth within 2 weeks in asymptomatic women with a short cervix: Combined effects of cervicovaginal fluid cytokine levels and fetal fibronectin test
Authors: Ohori Yukiko , Imai Kenji , Tano Sho , Owaki Taro , Miki Rika , Nozaki Yuki , Ushida Takafumi , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Kotani Tomomi
Published: January 2024

Aims

To predict preterm birth (PTB) accurately, we conducted a comprehensive cytokine assay using cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) and evaluated the additive effects of cytokine levels on the fetal fibronectin (fFN) test.

Methods

A total of 645 CVF samples were collected from 256 asymptomatic pregnant women between 24 and 35 weeks gestation, exhibiting short cervix. After selection based on specific criteria, 17 cytokines in 105 CVF samples were simultaneously measured using multiplex assay. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between cytokine levels and impending PTB, which is defined as PTB within 2 weeks after CVF collection. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed in women with positive fFN results, which was validated using another set of 65 CVF samples.

Results

In positive fFN women, the CCL2 level was significantly higher in the impending PTB group than the other group (p < 0.01) and a predictor of impending PTB (adjusted odds ratio 1.020, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.003–1.038, p = 0.020). The cutoff value of CCL2 was 64.8 pg/mL (are under the curve 0.726, p = 0.004, 95% CI 0.593–0.859, sensitivity 45.2%, specificity 91.7%). Additionally, the reliable classification performance of proposed ROC model could be validated. However, measuring cytokine levels could not help in predicting impending PTB in women with negative fFN or normal labor onset in healthy‐term women.

Conclusion

Comprehensive analysis of CVF cytokines revealed that the CCL2 level significantly improves the prediction of impending PTB in asymptomatic fFN‐positive women with a short cervix, which may contribute to better clinical management.
Personality dynamics turn positive and negative mood into creativity
Authors: Bledow Ronald , Kühnel Jana , Kuhl Julius
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Research on the link between affect and creativity rests on the assumption that creativity unfolds as a stimulus‐driven response to affective states. We challenge this assumption and examine whether personality dynamics moderate the relationships between positive and negative mood with creativity.

Theoretical Model

According to our model, personality dynamics that generate and maintain positive affect and downregulate negative affect energize creativity. Based on this model, we expect high creativity in response to negative mood if people engage in self‐motivation and achieve a reduction in negative mood. We further derive that individual differences in action versus state orientation moderate the within‐person relationship between mood and creativity.

Method

We conducted an experience‐sampling study and examined the relationship between mood and creativity in everyday work‐life. Two hundred and ten participants indicated their action‐state orientation and reported their mood three times a day over five consecutive workdays. At noon of each day, we assessed self‐motivation and in the evening the extent to which participants had generated novel and useful ideas during the day.

Results

We observed high creativity when negative mood declined and self‐motivation was high. Action‐state orientation moderated the within‐person relationships of positive and negative mood with creativity.

Conclusion

Personality dynamics determine whether positive and negative mood result in creativity.
ACVIM consensus statement on diagnosis and management of urinary incontinence in dogs
Authors: Kendall Allison , Byron Julie K. , Westropp Jodi L. , Coates Joan R. , Vaden Shelly , Adin Chris , Oetelaar Garrett , Bartges Joe W. , Foster Jonathan D. , Adams Larry G. , Olby Natasha , Berent Allyson
Published: January 2024

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a disorder of micturition that can occur in dogs of any age, sex, and breed depending on the underlying cause and time of onset. Diagnosis and treatment for various causes of UI in dogs have been described by multiple comprehensive single author review articles, but large prospective clinical trials comparing treatment outcomes in veterinary medicine are lacking. The objectives of this consensus statement therefore are to provide guidelines on both recommended diagnostic testing and treatment for various causes of UI in dogs. Specifically, pathophysiology directly related to the canine urinary system will be reviewed and diagnostic and therapeutic challenges will be addressed. A panel of 12 experts in the field (8 small animal internists [L. Adams, J. Bartges, A. Berent, J. Byron, J. Foster, A. Kendall, S. Vaden, J. Westropp], 2 neurologists [J. Coates, N. Olby], 1 radiologist [G. Oetelaar], and 1 surgeon [C. Adin]) was formed to assess and summarize evidence in the peer‐reviewed literature and to complement it with consensus recommendations using the Delphi method. Some statements were not voted on by all panelists. This consensus statement aims to provide guidance for management of both male and female dogs with underlying storage or voiding disorders resulting in UI.
Taxonomic richness and its relationship to the functional diversity of polychaetes in tropical estuaries
Authors: Gomes Wilma Izabelly Ananias , Jovem‐Azevêdo Daniele , de Melo Dalescka Barbosa , Veríssimo Maria Eduarda Santana , Milesi Silvia Vendruscolo , dos Santos Paulo Jorge Parreira , Molozzi Joseline
Published: January 2024

Biological diversity can be evaluated by the taxonomic and functional components. This study aimed to assess the relationship between taxonomic richness with the functional diversity components [functional richness (FRic), functional evenness (FEve) and functional divergence (FDiv)] and the functional trait dominance of polychaetes. In addition, we evaluated the environmental parameters that shape the functional structure in six tropical estuaries in north‐eastern Brazil. Three estuaries have a continuous environmental gradient (typical tropical), and the other three estuaries have no defined environmental gradient (semiarid tropical). We identified significant differences in the dominance of feeding strategy and habitat between estuaries, demonstrating that the functional space of the communities is not equally occupied. Also, the substrate particle size composition was correlated with the functional structure. FRic showed a positive relationship with taxonomic richness, regardless of the type of estuary. As taxonomic richness increases, the probability of different combinations of functional categories added to a community also increases. FEve and FDiv seem to be independent of taxonomic richness. Therefore, it is important to simultaneously evaluate diversity's taxonomic and functional components, considering the complementarity of the information provided by these diversity measures.
Associations of fish and meat intake with iron and anaemia in Malawian children
Authors: Werner E. Rochelle , Arnold Charles D. , Caswell Bess L. , Iannotti Lora L. , Maleta Kenneth M. , Stewart Christine P.
Published: January 2024

Animal flesh foods are rich in bioavailable iron but infrequently consumed by young children. We aimed to determine whether flesh food intake was associated with iron and anaemia status among 585 Malawian infants enroled in a 6‐month egg‐feeding trial. The percentage of days of small fish, large fish and meat consumption were assessed through weekly 7‐day animal‐source food screeners. Grams of intake were assessed through 24‐h recalls conducted at 6–9, 9–12 and 12–15 months of age. Plasma ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and haemoglobin concentrations were measured at 6–9 and 12–15 months of age. Iron biomarkers were adjusted for inflammation during analysis. At enrolment, each flesh food category was consumed by <5% of children in the past 24 h. Over the next 6 months, small fish, large fish and meat were consumed on 25%, 8% and 6% of days, respectively, with mean usual intakes of <5 g/day. More frequent small fish consumption was associated with lower sTfR (geometric mean ratio [95% CI]: 0.98 mg/L [0.96, 1.00] per 10 percentage point difference) but not ferritin (1.03 µg/L [0.98, 1.07]) or haemoglobin (1.01 g/dL [1.00, 1.01]). Large fish consumption was associated with higher anaemia (prevalence ratio [95% CI]: 1.09 [1.01, 1.19]) and lower iron deficiency (0.96 [0.93, 1.00]) prevalence. Gram intakes of flesh food categories were not associated with any iron or anaemia indicators. Small fish were a primary contributor to flesh food intake in this cohort of Malawian children, although usual portions were small. Fish was associated with modest improvements to iron status, but meat was too infrequent to be associated with anaemia and iron deficiency.
Long days and long nights: an integrative study reveals survival strategies of an Antarctic diatom during the cold and dark polar winter
Authors: Morgan‐Kiss Rachael
Published: January 2024

This article is a Commentary on Joli et al. (2024), 241: 2193–2208.