bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Rational Requirement Area Estimation of Municipal Sewage Treatment Facilities Using Statistical Techniques
Authors: Koo Donghyun , Park No-Suk , Oh Jeong Ik , Yoon Sukmin
Published: April 2020

Objectives:In this study, a adjusted sewage & wastewater treatment capacity-required area estimation methodology was proposed through various data analysis for the required area of domestic sewage & wastewater treatment, the occupancy ratio of each sub-facility, and the treatment processing method. In addition, the reduction rate of the required area according to the application of the adjustment methodology presented in this study was evaluated quantitatively by comparing the actual area with the expected area.Methods:Statistical analysis was performed by collecting 654 data of more than 500 m3/day of treatment capacity in domestic sewage & wastewater treatment facilities. The 33 sewage & wastewater treatment facilities constructed by the LH sample groups were divided into functional areas and analyzed for occupancy rates by each facility.Results and Discussion:A capacity-required area regression model was developed for the collected each samples. As a result, the distributions of the regression model were divided into two clusters according to the analysis sample differences. It was analyzed that the estimated required area using the local government sample group was estimated to be relatively higher than the LH sample group. In this study, a adjusted capacity-required area model based on regression model derived from LH sample was proposed by considering green site ratio and treatment processing methods in sewage & wastewater treatment plant. The results are as follows: A = 15.638×Q0.7414×α×β (α: conversion factor for green site ratio, β: conversion factor for treatment processing method). Conclusions:Recently, the wastewater treatment facilities have been in decentralization and small scale, and the introduction of the advanced treatment method that requires a relatively small area such as MBR or SBR has been accelerating. Consequently, it could be expected that the methodology proposed in this study will save about 50~60% of the required area for wastewater treatment facilities.
Bioethanol Production Using Microalgae
Authors: Park Jongkwan , Mun Hansol , Park Min-Ju , Jang Heewon , Jeong Dae-Woon
Published: April 2020

Objectives:Bioethanol is known as an important energy source that comes from plants, uses existing energy infrastructure without additional investment, and emits a low concentration of pollutants during combustion as eco-friendly renewable energy. Microalgae is reported as an effective material for producing bioethanol because of rapid biomass growth and relatively easy pretreatment steps. The objectives of this study are 1) to introduce general information of bioethanol production, 2) to show various processes for bioethanol production from microalgae, and 3) to provide an economic perspective of bioethanol. Methods:Recent published peer-reviewed papers were collected and analyzed. The contents follow the order: 1) introduction, 2) general information about microalgae for bioethanol production, 3) bioethanol producing processes, 4) economic feasibility, and 5) conclusion.Results and Discussion:The selection of the microalgae species and growing method are important to obtain high yield bioethanol. Physical, chemical, biological pretreatment was introduced. Also, comparison of the bioethanol producing processes was provided. Conclusions:Bioethanol production from microalgae is a promising energy source because microalgae have lots of advantages as effective biomass such as rapid growth, high polysaccharide contents, and easy preparing step for bioethanol production. However, it has some limitations that need to overcome. Algae growing method, pretreatment technology, and fermentation steps still require advanced technology, which can improve economic feasibility.
A note on rank 2 diagonals
Authors: Bella Angelo , Spadaro Santi
Published: April 2020

We solve two questions regarding spaces with a (Gδ)-diagonal of rank 2. One is a question of Basile, Bella and Ridderbos about weakly Lindelöf spaces with a Gδ-diagonal of rank 2 and the other is a question of Arhangel’skii and Bella asking whether every space with a diagonal of rank 2 and cellularity continuum has cardinality at most continuum.
Fejér monotonicity and fixed point theorems with applications to a nonlinear integral equation in complex valued Banach spaces
Authors: Okeke Godwin Amechi , Abbas Mujahid
Published: April 2020

It is our purpose in this paper to prove some fixed point results and Fej´er monotonicity of some faster fixed point iterative sequences generated by some nonlinear operators satisfying rational inequality in complex valued Banach spaces. We prove that results in complex valued Banach spaces are valid in cone metric spaces with Banach algebras. Furthermore, we apply our results in solving certain mixed type VolterraFredholm functional nonlinear integral equation in complex valued Banach spaces.
Approaching the Arctic: the occurrence of Parin’s spinyfin Diretmichthys parini (Beryciformes: Diretmidae) in the Nordic Seas
Authors: Lynghammar Arve , Byrkjedal Ingvar , Bugjerde Berit Margrete , Wienerroither Rupert
Published: April 2020

Two adult specimens of the tropical to subtropical fish species Diretmichthys parini are reported from the North Sea and the northern Norwegian Sea, respectively. Both were accidentally caught as bycatch by commercial trawlers. Although not uncommon in Icelandic waters, it has not been documented from the Nordic Seas previously. In light of the major currents and water temperatures in the area, this is puzzling. Whether this pattern reflects a true distributional change or increased awareness and reporting from fishermen is not known.
Una mirada hacia el español que hablamos
Authors: Zamora Úbeda Zobeyda
Published: April 2020

El presente estudio es un acercamiento sobre las actitudes lingüísticas de los nicaragüenses hacia el español nacional y las variantes lingüísticas de los países de habla hispana, los resultados globales de este estudio han sido recopilados en el libro Las actitudes lingüísticas en Nicaragua: lo que pensamos los nicaragüenses sobre el español que hablamos (Zamora, 2015). En este ensayo se presenta una aproximación sobre la percepción cognitiva lingüística y afectiva de los hablantes nicaragüenses hacia el español  nacional, nombre dado a la lengua española; la corrección idiomática y el español correcto e incorrecto en los países hispano parlantes.
El discurso apocalíptico y las atribulaciones de su enunciador en la obra de Rubén Darío
Authors: Campos Ruiz Ignacio
Published: April 2020

En este trabajo hacemos un recorrido por la obra de Rubén Darío con el interés de examinar cómo el discurso apocalíptico involucra un imaginario que ayuda a sistematizar el planteamiento disconforme del enunciador literario. Asimismo, destacamos que Darío tuvo la capacidad de percibir y plantear de manera crítica distintas problemáticas que hacían peligrar la convivencia colectiva en el momento de la modernidad. Precisamente, se trata de la actitud del poeta de incidir en la sensibilidad humana, como una respuesta a la escisión de la modernidad, a la pérdida de orientación y vacío de Dios.
Glosario miskitu, con comentario etnográfico
Authors: Heath G. R.
Published: April 2020

El glosario miskito, con comentarios etnográficos, que presentamos aquí en español, fue publicado originalmente en inglés el año de 1950 en el volumen 16 del Internacional Journal of American Linguistics con una introducción de Glen Turner, de la Universidad de Indiana. La lista de palabras que el glosario contiene fue extraída de un léxico miskito de 510 páginas manuscritas completado por del misionero moravo George Reinke Heath en 1947. De ese trabajo más extenso del misionero Heath (que también sirvió de base al diccionario miskito-español, español miskito, publicado conjuntamente en 1961 por los misioneros Heath y Marx en la imprenta Calderon de Tegucigalpa) se seleccionaron términos de interés etnográfico: por ejemplo referentes a la fauna local y los nombres de las plantas utilizadas para curar y otros fines culturales; artículos del folclore miskito, de sus costumbres, de su organización social así como otros términos referentes a sus creencias. Algunas entradas son pequeños ensayos, por ejemplo, bajo la palabra pasa sobre diversos tipos de direcciones cardinales o en la entrada correspondiente a kati el sistema de calendarización anual. Otras entradas son más breves, pero en todos estos casos han sido seleccionadas porque incluyen comentarios etnográficos. En el contexto de erosión cultural inexorable de nuestros pueblos originarios, este trabajo del misionero Heath –activo en la Mosquitia desde comienzos del siglo XX – es una valiosa contribución al rescate de palabras costumbres y conocimientos cuyo uso tiende a desdibujarse con el tiempo. Precede a este artículo una nota biográfica de Heath por el lingüista Danilo Salamanca quien también revisó y anotó la traducción para complementar la información ahí proporcionada, por ejemplo con los nombres científicos de las plantas, cuando esto fue posible.
Diabetes education mobile APP prototype for Hispanic communities
Authors: Harris Amanda J. , Fathman Amy E.
Published: April 2020

When compared with the general United States population, Hispanic Americans are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and are far more likely to suffer devastating complications related to the disease. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to determine whether the use of a culturally tailored, mobile application prototype educational tool increased DM2 prevention knowledge among Hispanic patients at risk for DM2. The educational tool contained information about DM2 including risk factors, prevention, and health maintenance. The prototype was developed to function like a working mobile application and a pre/posttest was administered to participants at three local Hispanic community health fairs in Cincinnati, Ohio. Paired t test analysis of the 27 completed surveys showed a statistically significant improvement in posttest scores. The results showed that the average score was 4.1 out of a total of five possible points in the pre-test. The mean total score of the post-test was 4.7, with a total improvement of the mean score of 0.6 (0.0001). It was concluded that there was a statistically significant improvement in the knowledge of DM2 prevention after reviewing the material presented in the application prototype. In addition, participants expressed a strong interest in a working mobile application that offers culturally tailored DM2 prevention education.
Knowledge of nursing students on the subject of pressure ulcers prevention and treatment
Authors: Szymański Sławomir , Porębska Emanuela , Sipak- Szmigiel Olimpia
Published: April 2020

Pressure ulcers and their consequences can occur in any patient regardless of the underlying disease, so the knowledge of their prevention and treatment is extremely important.
The aim of the study: The aim of the study was to analyze the state of students' knowledge on pressure ulcers.
Material and methods: The research was carried out in the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin among students of nursing. The study involved 203 full-time students. Data was collected using a questionnaire consisting of 27 questions. The questions addressed the issues of the formation, prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers. The Kolmogorow-Smirnow, Fisher-Snedecor test, (ANOVA) with Spearman's correlation and Student’s t-test were applied for statistical analysis. The statistical significance was assumed to be p0.05.
Results: Over half of the respondents (57.64%) had a sufficient level of knowledge on pressure ulcers prevention and treatment. The level increased with the duration of the study, the highest was in the last few years, both I and II cycle of studies. The better (the higher) subjects assessed their knowledge about prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers, they were characterized by a higher level of knowledge.
Conclusions: The knowledge of nursing students on pressure ulcers increases with subsequent years of study. The self-assessment of students' knowledge about pressure ulcers, their prevention and treatment is accurate. Students of the consecutive years are better prepared to carry out anti-bedsore prevention. Students are aware of the need to have knowledge, as well as practice in the field of prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers.
Keywords: pressure ulcers, nursing students, knowledge
Internacionalização do ensino: relação entre formação no exterior e publicações internacionais dos programas em stricto sensu em administração
Authors: Chinelato Flávia Braga , Ziviani Fabrício , Cruz Diogo Batista de Freitas
Published: April 2020

Like many sectors of the economy, universities need to worry about increasing competitiveness. Internationalization has been an alternative that permits companies to be part of the global scenario, expanding their interaction network, but can also be explored in the field of education, mainly linked to network theory. This research examined the training of teachers of graduate programs in Administration in stricto sensu evaluated with grades 6 and 7 by CAPES in 2013. The purpose was to investigate whether the fact that the teachers have their training or part of it abroad contributes significantly to the increase of international publications. This is a qualitative research and secondary data has been worked with. The results indicate that the two countries that received most publications from Brazil in relation to the programs studied were the United States and then England, the same countries where most of the institutions have trained teachers or part of them abroad. The fact of having part or complete formation abroad can be interpreted as a greater possibility of interactions with other institutions and raise the actions in the indicators of internationalization proposed by CAPES, both for the possibility of the teacher to increase his network, and for the possibility of expanding knowledge in new languages, which would promote communication between teachers and consequently the programs evaluated.
As capacidades dinâmicas para o desenvolvimento da capacidade de inovação
Authors: Froehlich Cristiane , Bitencourt Claudia Cristina
Published: April 2020

The present article aims at analyzing the dynamic capabilities’ contributions for the development of innovation capability in a chemical sector company. The company headquarters are located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with branches in other states in Brazil, Latin America and China. More specifically, it concerns the company’s innovation strategies and practices related to sensing, seizing and reconfiguration capabilities and their micro-foundations, as presented by Teece (2007). This research is classified as a descriptive and qualitative case study. Data were collected through 10 semi-structured interviews and analyzed through the qualitative content analysis. The main results show that the dynamic capabilities help to develop innovation capability. This research checked that the approach on dynamic capabilities is of fundamental importance for the development of innovation capability by reinforcing it as an organizational strategy.
Lean and green: the contribution of lean production and environmental management to the waste reduction
Authors: Vasconcelos Danilo Cavalcante , Viana Fernando Emerenciano , Neto José De Paula Barros
Published: April 2020

In the current environment of high competitiveness between companies, production systems can constitute threats if the performance of their operational processes is not able to reduce costs, waste, controlling environmental impacts and increase productivity. So, this study aims to investigate the contribution of lean production (Lean) and environmental management (Green) to reduce waste in production processes. This is an exploratory and qualitative research and it was conducted through a multiple case study applied in three companies from Ceará state in different economic sectors, using the lean production system associated with the practice of environmental management. The results provided evidence indicating that lean production associated with environmental management contributes to reducing waste in production processes.
Traços de personalidade de gerentes de projetos: diferenças de conhecimentos, experiência profissional e setor de atuação
Authors: Moura Ralf Luis de , Carneiro Teresa Cristina Janes , Dias Taciana De Lemos , Oliveira Bruno Silva
Published: April 2020

This study aims to verify if there is any difference in the personality traits of Project Managers with different professional backgrounds – training, experience, and business sector (public or private). Using as theoretical basis the Big Five personality traits, this research was conducted with 244 Project Managers who work in Brazil. The results of tests of mean differences between groups showed that Project Managers with more experience have the trait agreeableness more pronounced than managers with less experience, while Project Managers with more schooling have a higher Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience, and Emotional Stability than Managers with less schooling. Project Managers who work in the public and private sectors showed different personality traits between themselves, and only for agreeableness no significant difference was found. These findings may contribute to the targeting of selection and training policies and the development of interpersonal and technical skills for this professional.
O nível de concentração de capital influencia a estrutura de capital das empresas brasileiras?
Authors: Mamede Samuel De Paiva Naves , Nakamura Wilson Toshiro , Jardim José Renato De Paula Souza , Jones Graciela Dias Coelho , Nakamura Elaine Aparecida Maruyama Vieira
Published: April 2020

The purpose of the present research is to identify whether the capital structure of the Brazilian listed companies is influenced by the capital concentration level. The sample comprises 104 Brazilian publicly traded companies listed on the BMFBOVESPA, totaling 1,258 observations for annual data in the period from January 1st, 2008 to December 31st, 2014. By using panel data analysis and taking into account the control variables identified as relevant in the literature, the main results show that (i) capital concentration has a positive relation with market indebtedness and with long-term net debt to market equity; (ii) the variables size, volatility, profitability and tangibility, highlighted in the theoretical archetype, evidence a significant influence on long-term debt to market equity and book equity, and (iii) there are no findings and/or inferences that net debt to EBITDA may bring implications for shareholders´ capital concentration. For future studies, suggestions are: i) to increase observations of Brazilian privately held companies; ii) to compare the results obtained with the capital structure of other countries, and iii) to highlight and relate other variables in the literature which are not addressed by the present research.
Análise da significância do rating e outras variáveis na remuneração das debêntures brasileiras
Authors: Luiz Érika Letícia de Assis , Gaio Luiz Eduardo , Ambrozini Marcelo Augusto , Pimenta Júnior Tabajara
Published: April 2020

This paper has two main aims:  to conduct a survey of the main characteristics of debentures issued by Brazilian companies in the last ten years and check which variables influenced the determination of debenture coupons.  In order to do so, the information of 1,520 debentures issued in Brazil from 2004 to 2013 was analyzed.  The main findings of the exploratory study were that most of the debentures issued offered neither fixed nor floating charges; that the average security maturity was about six years; that almost all of the securities issued are not convertible into shares; and that the main destination for the funds raised was the lengthening of the company´s indebtedness profile. The analysis of the descriptive statistics of the regression model showed that the debentures linked to the Interbank Deposit paid the highest average yearly coupons (11%), presented the worst grades of credit ratings (ratings) and had the lowest average maturity (6.5 years).  The regression model proposed presented better explanatory power for the coupons of the debentures linked to the IGPM, and for these debentures, the maturity and rating explanatory variables presented statistical significance.
Logística reversa no varejo: barreiras e motivações para retorno de produtos e embalagens
Authors: Demajorovic Jacques , Campos Laida Da Silva Oliveira , Campos Juliana Bonomi Santos de
Published: April 2020

The objective of this research is to analyze the development of the relationships between the internal areas of a retail company, its suppliers and customers involved in the management of reverse logistics (RL) in two contexts: product return and return packaging used in moving product logistics. A single case study with two units of analysis was conducted in one of the leading supermarket retailers in Brazil to answer the research questions. The results show that there are conflicts between the external actors, i.e. suppliers, producers and partners, and within the focal firms, between the commercial and logistics departments. The lack of objective alignment between the actors and the perception that RL is a cost-generating process undermines the effectiveness of the reverse flows of products and packaging in retail. It was observed; however, that a more collaborative relationship, driven by voluntary action and not by legislation, resulted in economic and environmental benefits for the retailer, indicating the potential intra and interdepartmental has to enable the management of reverse logistics in retail.
Investimento social privado: a estratégia e gestão das fundações e institutos
Authors: Gentil Daniela , Ferreira Gleriani , Rodrigues Ivete
Published: April 2020

This article is the result of a qualitative research with multiple case studies in CSI portfolio companies with Foundation or Institute, and an exploratory research in articles; sustainability, integrated, or socioenvironmental reports; books; and websites on Private Social Investment and CSI (Corporate Sustainability Index). The return assesment of the PSI is increasingly required in the corporate world, because besides being positively ranked on the São Paulo Stock Exchange, it is critical for the maintenance of social projects, as well as to invest in new actions for the communities. The general objective of this study is to analyze how companies with Foundations and Institutes integrating the CSI portfolio evaluate the return of the PSI. The specific objectives are: i) to identify strategical policies and guidelines for PSI application; ii) analyze the leadership involvement with the PSI decisions; iii) identify possible impacts of PSI actions on the reputational image of the companies. iv) identify the focal point of action; v) check how the community needs are assessed; vi) check how the PSI impacts are evaluated. Among other relevant conclusions, it was found that the way in which PSI management is carried out, expresses the alignment of the sustainability to the business strategy. The study provides scholarly and practical contributions, by highlighting that the PSI actions are important in terms of the reputational image of the companies.
Practices for Mathematics and Science Integration
Authors: Araujo Zandra de , Hanuscin Deborah , Otten Samuel
Published: April 2020

In this paper we discuss different ways teachers can integrate science and mathematics into their curriculum. In particular, we focus on science and mathematics integration via the disciplinary practices.
Planning Questions to Help Surface Understanding
Authors: Stohlmann Micah S.
Published: April 2020

Dude Perfect has one of the most popular YouTube channels in the United States. An example mathematical activity connected to a Dude Perfect video is described along with the incorporation of assessing and advancing questions.
Envelope Curves Unify Sinusoidal Graphing
Authors: Harrow Christopher , Merchant Nurfatimah
Published: April 2020

Transferring fundamental concepts across contexts is difficult, even when deep similarities exist. This article leverages Desmos-enhanced visualizations to unify conceptual understanding of the behavior of sinusoidal function graphs through envelope curve analogies across Cartesian and polar coordinate systems.
Leveraging Read Alouds for Mathematical Connections
Authors: Linder Sandra M. , Bennett Amanda
Published: April 2020

This article presents examples of how early childhood educators (prek-2nd grade) might use their daily read alouds as a vehicle for increasing mathematical talk and mathematical connections for their students.
Um lugar no mundo entre o visível e o invisível: o ato fotográfico como proposta de ensino para o despertar de uma consciência ético-estética do lugar
Authors: Lopes André Camargo
Published: April 2020

Um dos desafios de se ensinar é fazer que aquilo que se ensina dialogue com as subjetividades daqueles que aprendem neste processo. Tornando assim a prática pedagógica algo significativo. O texto corresponde a um relato de experiências educacionais no ensino de Arte desenvolvidas em uma escola pública da rede de ensino do estado do Paraná, na periferia do município de Londrina. Pretende-se debater o processo e os resultados obtidos com alunos do nono ano do ensino fundamental e primeiro e segundo ano do ensino médio. Sendo assim, o texto se volta para os desdobramentos da construção de uma reflexão significativa no processo educacional pautada no desenvolvimento da consciência ético-estética no conjunto de alunos. Como relato de experiência de ensino, o texto se pauta em reflexões e argumentações teóricas e processuais desta ação que resultou na produção de inúmeras imagens fotográficas, assim como centenas de relatos reflexivos de pós-produção apontando as pequenas descobertas críticas do cotidiano. E são nestas descobertas que surgiu no grupo de alunos colocações sobre onde estão inseridos, o espaço naquele momento assumia a condição de lugar.
Discussões sobre o envelhecimento e a imagem corporal com mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade
Authors: Weinreb Mara Evanisa , Vidal Fernanda Araújo
Published: April 2020

Este é um relato sobre a realização das atividades da Oficina de criatividade desenvolvidas durante o ano de 2016/2017, integrando projeto de Extensão: Laços de Vida – bem-estar de mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade, da Universidade Feevale.  O Presente projeto que atuando no município de Ivoti/RS no Centro de Referência da Mulher (CRM), atendeu aproximadamente 25 mulheres com faixa etária em sua maioria acima dos 60 anos, em um total de aproximadamente 64 encontros.A Oficina de criatividades e propôs a desenvolver uma linguagem expressiva, utilizando recursos artísticos como mediação de suas questões de vida. Essas Oficinas foram coordenadas por uma professora da Universidade Feevale, uma aluna bolsista e uma aluna voluntária. Depois das reflexões sobre os temas surgidos ao longo da realização da Oficina, foi percebida a recorrência do tema envelhecimento em seus diversos aspectos. O Presente artigo, portanto, buscou investigar o processo de envelhecimento vivido pelas mulheres atendidas, revelando a complexidade das transformações corporais que ocorrem durante o envelhecimento e suas consequências emocionais e sociais.
Mudanças, motivos e (re)significações: um estudo sobre a construção dos novos olhares de uma instituição educacional especializada frente à inclusão escolar
Authors: De Oliveira Francélio Ângelo , De Figueiredo Rita Vieira , Limaverde Gomes Adriana Leite
Published: April 2020

Este artigo visa compreender as mudanças de concepções vivenciadas pela Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais-APAE/Maranguape, no período de 2010 a 2013, com relação à inclusão escolar dos alunos que são público-alvo da educação especial. A fundamentação teórica se ancora em Vygotsky e Leontiev, que integram a chamada Psicologia histórico-cultural soviética ou socio-histórica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, cujo delineamento é o estudo de caso. Buscou-se compreender as singularidades existentes nos processos de ressignificações elaboradas pela instituição pesquisada. Os resultados mostraram que a construção do novo sentido que permeia e fundamenta os novos saberes e práticas da instituição, foram construídos através da relação interna de seus membros com outras formas de pensar a educação especial. Esse novo olhar aponta para o direito dos alunos da educação especial de se incluírem nas escolas comuns do ensino regular como principal recurso de mediação de sua aprendizagem.
Ensino versátil: metodologia criada para pessoas com deficiência visual aplicada ao ensino de alunos videntes
Authors: De Araujo Thalyta Nogueira , Sant'Anna Nadir Francisca
Published: April 2020

Paraque o processo de ensino seja realmente inclusivo, é necessário que ele contemple todos os alunos de uma sala de aula, sejam deficientes ou não. As diversas metodologias de ensino que atualmente são aplicadas para os alunos com deficiência visual também podem ser utilizadas para o ensino de alunos com visão normal, agregando assim, conhecimento e novas experiências para todos os estudantes de uma sala de aula. Sendo assim, nos propomos neste trabalho, a oferecer uma nova vertente a metodologia de adaptação de imagens para pessoas com deficiência visual desenvolvida por Araujo e Sant’Anna et al. (2016), de forma que essa metodologia, a priori, criada apenas para contemplar o ensino de deficientes visuais, também possa ser aplicada ao ensino de alunos videntes, no qual o processo de adaptação das estruturas foi utilizado como ferramenta para complementar o aprendizado dos conteúdos de Histologia. Através da nova possibilidade de utilização dessa ferramenta os alunos normovisuais puderam alcançar maior interação com as estruturas histológicas, logo, melhores resultados nas provas aplicadas e aprovação na disciplina.
Educação matemática: uma experiência da escola do campo
Authors: Ferreira Andrade Paulo Marcos
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo relata uma experiência de ensino de matemática que envolve os conceitos de número, numeral e a compreensão do sistema monetário, por meio de atividades ligadas ao cotidiano dos aprendizes. O aprendizado matemático será muito significativo quando são trazidos para o cenário de ensino os elementos que matizam as vivências imediatas dos aprendentes. Neste sentido a escola do campo tem sido favorecida pelas múltiplas experiências dos sujeitos que tomam parte do processo de ensino. Compreendendo que a etnomatemática, seja de fato a concepção multicultural e holística da educação, tem-se como objetivo principal evidenciar por meio da pesquisa exploratória o jeito de fazer educação matemática na educação do campo, na experiência de uma turma multisseriada de alfabetização, vivenciando a experiência da escola do campo consubstanciando com os aportes teóricos de Ubiratan D’Ambrósio (2002) e outros autores cujo pensamento corrobore para compreensão da temática. É  necessário compreender como se ensina e se aprende matemática na escola a fim de que esta seja vista como parte indissociável da vida humana. O trabalho está dividido em seções que se dispõe: A educação do campo: breve reflexão, breve histórico da escola Raimunda Leão, relatando a experiência abordando, discutindo os dados.
Editorial e Sumário - Dossiê Contexto e especificidades de inclusão: a arte como fio condutor
Authors: Inclusão Revista Educação, Artes e
Published: April 2020

DOSSIÊ TEMÁTICO - REVISTA EDUCAÇÃO ARTES E INCLUSÃOCONTEXTO E ESPECIFICIDADES DE INCLUSÃO: A ARTE COMO FIO CONDUTOR SUMÁRIO1) ENCONTROS INTERGERACIONAIS MEDIADOS POR IMAGENS E MEMÓRIAS DO BAIRRO E DA ESCOLA - Maria Angélica Vago-Soares e Gerda Margit Schütz-Foerste2) O ENSINO DE TEATRO PARA IDOSAS NA PERIFERIA DE SANTA MARIA - Laís Jacques Marques3) MULHERES D’AQUI/AGORA: UM EXERCÍCIO DE CURADORIA COMPARTILHADA COM ESTUDANTES DE PEDAGOGIA - Maria Emilia Sardelich4) SENTIDOS DE ENSINO DE MÚSICA NAS NARRATIVAS DE DOCENTES DOS ANOS INICIAIS - Isamar Marques Cândido Pales, Sandra Suely Oliveira Souza, Sandra Márcia Campos Pereira e Benedito Eugenio5) O ENSINO DE ARTES VISUAIS E A FORMAÇÃO NO CONTEXTO CONTEMPORÂNEO - Selma Machado Simão6) DIORAMA SENSORIAL INTERDISCIPLINAR: UMA VIAGEM COM A EXPEDIÇÃO BEAGLE, DE CHARLES DARWIN - Fernanda Maria Trentini Carneiro,  Alessandra Daniele da Silva Boos, Vanessa Arlésia de Souza Ferretti7) A ARTE NAS LICENCIATURAS DA UFABC - Marcelo Alecsander Chagas Leite e Mirian Pacheco Silva Albrecht8) SOBRE A NECESSIDADE DA ARTE - Filipe Mattos de Salles9) DIZEM AS PAREDES: A escola pública como espaço de disputa e negociação de vozes e silêncios - Marilia Alves de Carvalho
Radiological Quality and Dangerousness of Ferrous and Non-ferrous Metals Waste in Cotonou (Benin)
Authors: Hounsou Francis Théotime Mahudjro , Sina Haziz , Avocefohoun Alphonse S. , Aina Pepin , Gbaguidi Ahotondji Bertin , Amoussou-Guenou Kuassi Marcellin , Baba-Moussa Lamine
Published: April 2020

The peoples in Cotonou give themselves to sorting and recycling activities of scrap metal for lack of financial means. The uncontrolled use of this scrap metal has effects on the health of users (waste pickers, sorters, recyclers …). It was to assess the radiological quality and the degrees of dangerousness of this scrap metal waste that we conducted a study on the urban scrap storage site in Cotonou. Thus, this study is a contribution to improving the health of scrap metal collectors, sorters and recyclers in Cotonou.

To achieve this objective, measurements of the dose rates of ionizing radiation from scrap metal were measured using a radiation survey meter. Measurements are made on contact and from a distance. In addition, analyzes of the waste of the powder samples by gamma spectrometry were also carried out.

It emerges from this study that the quantities of ionizing radiation doses vary ranging from 7.14 msv for simple copper to 7.17 msv for iron per year. Thus the quantities of ionizing radiation doses increase with burnt copper 22 msv per year and stainless steel 53 msv per year. These doses are significantly higher than the standard of the dose threshold accepted by the IAEA, which is 100 msv over 5 years for workers or on average 20 msv on contact. Ionizing radiation emitted by scrap metal, engine batteries and battery cells cannot be detected by our survey meter beyond 95 cm. In the case of powder waste, it appears that the powder waste contains radionuclides such as K40, Pb 214 and Ra 226, which give off variable energies and exhibit various activities.

These effective doses being clearly above the thresholds accepted by the IAEA confirms the fact that scrap metal is dangerous to the health of workers.
The Toxicity of Ethanolic Extract of Alchornea cordifolia Leaf on Clarias gariepinus Fingerlings
Authors: Essien-Ibok Mandu A.
Published: April 2020

Acute toxicity effects of ethanol extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaf on Clarias gariepinus fingerlings was investigated over a 96hr exposure period as a potential organic piscicide. A static toxicity bioassay was performed after preliminary trial tests (range-finding test) were conducted. Five hundred (500) post-fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus were distributed randomly in duplicate concentrations. The test fishes were treated with concentrations of 1.31, 1.96, 2.97, 4.45 and 6.67 mg/1 of Alchornea cordifolia. Exposure to the plant toxicant caused visible behavioural changes which include erratic swimming, air gulping, discolouration, loss of body equilibrium, the settlement at the bottom and death. Mortality was recorded in some of the exposed fish while the LC50 lethal concentration of 2.138 mg/1 was established and safe concentration was established as 0.2138 mg/l. There were significant changes (p˃0.0.5) in the water quality parameters except for electrical conductivity, the unstable behaviour of the fish must have been as a result of irritation from the toxicant. Therefore, the use of A. cordifolia in fish harvesting should be regulated and not allowed to gain access unnecessarily into the aquatic ecosystem and regulatory bodies should maintain the safe concentration of 0.2138 mg/l.
Assessment of Interleukin 6 and C-reactive Protein as Inflammatory Markers among Patients with Substance Use Disorder in Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Kaduna
Authors: Olatunbosun S. Y. , Musa B. O. P. , Yusuf A. J. , Obiakor O. R. , Elfulaty A. A.
Published: April 2020

Aim: This research aimed to determine the relationship between substance use disorder (SUD) and the biomarkers of inflammation: (C-reactive protein: CRP and Interleukin-6: IL-6) to investigate inflammatory reaction among SUD patients.

Study Design: This is a cross sectional comparative study.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital (FNPH) Kaduna, North-western Nigeria which serve as a referral center for patients with psychiatric disorders from all the North Western states and the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja between August 2018 and August 2019.

Methodology: The study population was drawn from SUD patients who were positive to urine drug test. The serum CRP and IL-6 levels of 180 SUD patients (study group) were compared with the serum CRP and IL-6 levels of 180 apparently normal individuals who do not have history of substance abuse.

Results: The median and interquartile range of the ages of both the study group and the control group were 30 (23 – 40) and 33.5 (24-41) years respectively. The study population consist of 162 (90%) males and 18 (10%) females with median ages and range of 30.5 (15 – 72) and 26 (14 – 40) years respectively. A significant increase in IL-6 in SUD was observed (P = .0001) but no significant difference observed in CRP at 95% confidence interval (P = .73). It was observed that there was a strong positive relationship between IL-6 and CRP (r = 0.6646); P = .0001) in SUD patients.

Conclusion: IL-6 was significantly higher in people with SUD and as CRP levels increases IL-6 increases. This suggests that there is a level of inflammatory reaction in substance use disorder patients. Thus both serum CRP and IL-6 level can be considered as biomarkers of inflammation in patients with SUD.
PMTCT Service Uptake among Pregnant Women in 3 Internally Displace Persons Camps in Borno State Northeast Nigeria
Authors: Nsikan Affiah , Sunkanmi Fadoju , Peter Dickson , Joseph Jasini , Emmanuel Opada , Paul Yunana , Jonah John
Published: April 2020

Background: Humanitarian emergencies upset and wreck existing healthcare services and systems. Pregnant women and infant are incredibly defenseless, as these infants are exposed to the risk of preventable childhood disease which includes HIV that is transmitted from their HIV positive mother. In the absence of any intervention, the risk of HIV transmission increases to about 40% among infant born to HIV positive mothers.

Objectives: To examine the prevalence and uptake of HIV services among pregnant women and to assess the level of Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) by PCR uptake for children under 2 months born to HIV positive mothers.

Methods: A sentinel case study approach conducted in 3 internally displaced people (IDP) camps in 3 LGAs (Banki, Dikwa and Ngala) of Borno state Nigeria, from January 2018 to May 2019. Data collected using standard tools and DHIS 2.0 used for data extraction and MS Excel used for analysis.

Results: Prevalence of HIV among pregnant women (1st ANC Visits) in the 3 IDP camps were 1.22% (Ngala), 0.44% (Banki) and 0.16% (Dikwa) with an average of 0.61% compared to the 2018 National zonal average for the North East of1.1%. Uptake of HIV testing service among pregnant women in the 3 IDP camps were 90.65% (Ngala), 100% (Banki) and 100% (Dikwa), with an average uptake of 96.9%; while EID uptake for HIV exposed children within 2 months of age were: 50.0% (Dikwa), 12.5% (Banki) and 0% (Ngala).

Conclusions: The study also shows that none of the 3 IDP camps were able to optimize Early Infant Diagnosis at 2 months of birth. It is hereby recommended that Care-giver Focused Approach should be prioritized in preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) service delivery.
A Comparison of Linear Anthropometric Body Features of the Igbo, Ijaw and Yoruba Ethnic Groups of Southern Nigeria
Authors: Okoh P. D. , Amadi M. A.
Published: April 2020

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the linear anthropometric body features of the Igbo, Ijaw and Yoruba, the three major ethnic groups in Southern Nigeria. The research design was a cross-sectional design.

Methodology: The study made use of a total number of one thousand two hundred (1200) subjects divided into four hundred (400) subjects randomly selected from each of the Igbo, Yoruba and Ijaw ethnic groups of southern Nigeria whose ages ranged between 21 to 40 years with BMI of 18.50 to 30.00. Due to bone density, subjects whose BMI fell within the category of overweight according to conventional BMI classification, looked apparently healthy and were included in the study. Determination of minimum sample size was done using the Taro Yamane’s formula. BMI and linear body anthropometric measurements were taken using stadiometer, calibrated flexible meter tape, meter rule and weighing scale. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package for the social science (SPSS version 25.0) and Microsoft Excel 2019. Continuous variables were presented as mean±SD; minimum and maximum. Age was grouped into two categories (21 – 30 and 31 – 40) years. Body Mass Index (BMI) was also grouped into two; normal weight and slightly overweight. Independent sample t-test was thus carried out to determine significant difference in the measured anthropometric variables across age and BMI groups. Confidence interval was set at 95%, therefore p< 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Results were presented in charts and tables. Variations were observed across the different ethnic groups. Age related changes and variations in BMI were also observed in the anthropometric parameters studied. On comparison with other racial populations, certain parameters were close while most showed marked variation which underscores racial variation. Though certain degree of variation was observed across the three negroid ethnic groups, it is not adequate to subcategorise these Southern Nigerian ethnic groups.

Conclusion: These anthropometric values not only provide a description of the standard linear anthropometric body features of southern Nigeria but could find use in anthropological and medical studies, standardization of anatomical models as well as in the design of products to fit this negroid population.
The role of the history of science
Authors: SINGER CHARLES
Published: July 2002

The store of scientific knowledge is a general treasure-house

from which all men may draw.

And yet – perhaps because of the wide spread of scientific ideas

– we seldom remind

ourselves that the development of the stock of scientific ideas, the

heritage of all men, has

always been the work of a very small band. Men capable of great

scientific effort are rare

and, for their effectual working, an intellectual environment is

needed that is well nigh as

rare as themselves. Surely the contemplation of the conditions under

which such men have

laboured and lived, the examination of their training and mental history,

of their ways of

life, and of the human setting must be of some value to those who would

follow in their

footsteps or prepare others to do so. Nor is the reverse side of the

picture without its lesson.

The study of those social, economic and philosophical conditions that

fail to produce effective scientific fruits, or that yield only bizarre
or deformed

products, can at least

explain for us certain phases in the mental history of mankind.

Thus the study of the

scientific mood in its historical development needs little justification.
Obligatory amateurs: Annie Maunder (1868–1947) and British women astronomers at
the dawn of professional astronomy
Authors: BAILEY OGILVIE MARILYN
Published: July 2002

This paper explores the careers of several British women astronomers in the late
nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. I postulate that the only category of scientific practice
open to most of these women was that of an ‘amateur’. They would have become professionals
had they had the opportunity but since they were barred from professional status they used their
talents to promote the importance of amateur science. I propose the term ‘obligatory amateur’
for these women who, unlike men, were unable to choose amateur or professional status. I explore
this concept of a ‘gendered’ amateurism through the life and works of Annie Maunder, with
references to British women astronomers contemporary with her.
Social Capital: Explaining Its Origins and Effects on Government Performance
Authors: BOIX CARLES , POSNER DANIEL N.
Published: July 2002

With the rise of analytical or positive approaches to the study of politics over the last three decades, the collective action problem has emerged as one of the central concepts in political science. The concept's widespread acceptance as a descriptive and diagnostic tool, however, cannot obscure the fact that its predictions do not always hold. Co-operation sometimes does take place in contexts where, according to the theory, actors should have little incentive to engage in it.
Genetic variability in milking speed of dairy goats
Authors: ILAHI H. , MANFREDI E. , CHASTIN P. , MONOD F. , ELSEN J. M. , LE ROY P.
Published: July 2002

The present investigation deals with the genetic variability of milking speed, measured as the
volume of milk collected during the first minute of milking (MD1), and its association with dairy
traits. Data originated from 2589 lactations of 1421 Alpine goats, sired by 93 bucks, measured
between 1985 and 1997 at the Moissac Goat Experimental Station (Lozère, France). Two genetic
analyses were carried out. Firstly, a polygenic model was used to estimate genetic and phenotypic
parameters among milking speed and dairy traits using a multiple-trait animal model. Secondly,
segregation analysis was used to test the hypothesis of mixed model inheritance (polygenes+major
gene) for MF1. Heritability and repeatability of MF1 under the polygenic model were high (0·65
and 0·82, respectively). Estimated genetic and phenotypic correlations between milking speed and
dairy traits were low, positive for yields and negative for contents. Segregation analysis yielded a
highly significant likelihood ratio, confirming the segregation of a major gene with two alleles with
partial dominance. The difference between the mean values of the two homozygotes was around
2·3 phenotypic standard deviation units of the trait. The major gene explained more than 60% of
the estimated total genetic variance. The estimate of the ‘residual’ heritability, after taking into
account the effect of the major locus, was 0·30.