bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESSENTIAL OIL CONTENTS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF THYMUS CANOVIRIDIS JALAS AND THYMUS SIPYLEUS BOISS.
Authors: Yiğitkan Serkan , Fırat Mehmet
Published: August 2024

Objective: Members of the Lamiaceae family are considered to be major sources of bioactive therapeutic agents. Many of them are important medicinal and aromatic plants used in traditional and modern medicine and in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this study was to investigate in detail the biological activities and chemical composition of the essential oils of Thymus canoviridis Jalas and Thymus sipyleus Boiss. species belonging to the genus Thymus, one of the most important genera of the Lamiaceae family.
Material and Method: The essential oil content of the species was determined by GC-MS. Antioxidant activities of the essential oils were determined using lipid peroxidation, DPPH free radical, ABTS cation radical and CUPRAC methods. In addition, cytotoxic activities against breast cancer (MCF-7) and colon cancer (HT-29) cell lines and anticholinesterase (against AChE and BChE enzymes), urease, tyrosinase, elastase, collagenase and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition activities were determined.
Result and Discussion: When the essential oil composition of T. sipyleus was analyzed, the major compounds were 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) (18.16%), camphor (15.08%) and endo-borneol (11.63%), while T. canoviridis was found to be rich in carvacrol (72.88%). T. canoviridis showed high antioxidant activity in lipid peroxidation (IC50: 45.72±0.12 μg/ml), ABTS (IC50: 6.12±0.03 μg/ml) and CUPRAC (IC50: 5.31±0.01 μg/ml) methods. The selectivities of T. canoviridis and T. sipyleus species against MCF-7 cell line were 4.39 and 6.81, respectively. In the enzyme inhibition studies, both Thymus species showed moderate inhibition activity against BChE enzyme (Inhibition%: 57.88±1.14, 39.21±0.89, respectively). In addition, T. sipyleus showed moderate inhibition of elastase enzyme (Inhibition%: 25.33±0.79). When the results are evaluated in general, it can be said that T. canoviridis essential oil with its rich carvacrol content and high cytotoxic and antioxidant activity can be preferred as a safer and natural option instead of synthetic preservatives in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries to extend shelf life and ensure food safety.
BAZI UÇUCU YAĞLARIN ORAL BAKTERİLER ÜZERİNDE ANTİBAKTERİYEL ETKİNLİĞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Karaaslan Murat Sefa , Altanlar Nurten
Published: August 2024

Amaç: Ağız sağlığı ve genel sağlık arasında önemli bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Ağızda görülen hastalıklar bireylerin günlük hayatını etkilemekte ve yaşam kalitesini düşürmektedir. Diş çürükleri ve periodontal hastalıklar ağız sağlığını bozan başlıca nedenler arasındadır. Diş fırçalarının bakterilerin kolonize olduğu bölgelere ulaşamaması, kimyasal içerikli gargara kullanımında görülen yan etki gibi nedenlerden dolayı güvenli ve etkili ürünlere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada bazı uçucu yağların oral bakteriler üzerindeki antibakteriyel etkinliğinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 11975 ve L. casei RSKK 06029 test bakterileri olarak kullanılmıştır. Uçucu yağların antibakteriyel aktiviteleri disk difüzyon ve agar kuyu difüzyon yöntemleriyle araştırılmıştır.
Sonuç ve Tartışma: Her iki yöntemde de test bakterilerine karşı en yüksek antibakteriyel aktiviteyi kekik uçucu yağı göstermiştir. Kekik uçucu yağının disk difüzyon yönteminde L. acidophilus’a karşı ve agar kuyu difüzyon yönteminde S. mutans’a karşı inhibisyon zon çapları sırasıyla 57.6±0.8 ve 58±0.9 mm olarak belirlenmiştir. Disk difüzyon yönteminde okaliptüs uçucu yağının E. faecalis, L. acidophilus ve S. mutans test bakterilerine karşı inhibisyon zon çapı saptanırken, kuyu difüzyon yönteminde zon çapı gözlemlenmemiştir. Yöntem bulguları literatürle kıyaslandığında gözlemlenen aktivite farklılıkları uçucu yağların farklı bileşenler içermesi, izole edildikleri bitkilerin toplanma zamanına göre değişkenlik gösterebilmektedir. Gözlemlenen aktivite sonuçlarındaki farklılığın daha iyi aydınlatılabilmesi için uçucu yağların karakterizasyonunun yapılması önem taşımaktadır.
THE IMPACT OF THE WAR ON THE COUNTRY’S FOOD SECURITY IN MODERN CONDITIONS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: KOLISNICHENKO NATALІA , SAKHANIENKO SIERHIEI , KOBETІAK ANDRIІ , FEDORCHAK OLGA , KOBETIAK TARAS
Published: August 2024

The article makes an attempt to systematize theoretical provisions, experience, good practices, and cases. In the field of the provision of food security in territorial coomunities during armed conflicts. Global approaches to food security are analyzed, and the correlations between food insecurity and the intensity of war conflicts is traced. The article considers, in particular, cases of Ukraine and African countries. It is shown that good governance on local level is crucial in tackling the root causes of food insecurity.
Bragg Matching when Multiplexing Volume Holograms
Authors: Zhumaliev K. , Tynyshova T. , Ismanov Y. , Alymkulov S.
Published: August 2024

In this work, we analyzed the influence of Bragg matching on the recording and reconstruction of animated holograms on thick media. It is shown that in order to prevent overlapping of images reconstructed from different holograms on a CCD-type receiving device (charge-coupled device), it is very important that two requirements are met, or at least one of them: when restoring an animated hologram, the reference beam usually overlaps several holograms, however, only one reconstructed image should fall on the CCD, the one that we want to read from the hologram we need; the reference beam falls on an area where several holograms are recorded, however, only one hologram we need is restored, i.e. the restoration circuit is built in such a way that the reference beam has the ability to filter out unnecessary images. This sampling capability is specified by changing the characteristics of the reconstruction wave relative to the characteristics of the recording reference wave. These include changes in the angle of incidence, phase characteristics of the wave, wavelength, etc. Restoration with other characteristics leads to a sharp decrease in the diffraction efficiency of the hologram to negligible values.
Asymptotics of the Solution of a Two-Point Bundary-Value Problem with Single Points
Authors: Tursunov D. , Bekmurzauulu Y.
Published: August 2024

In many areas of science, complex problems are described by differential equations with a small parameter. One famous physicist is credited with the phrase: A phenomenon is not physical if it lacks a small parameter. A differential equation (ordinary or partial differential) with a small parameter at the highest derivative is called a singularly perturbed differential equation. Such equations arise in electrical and radio engineering, mechanics, hydraulic and aerodynamics, etc. The article is devoted to the construction of a complete expansion of the solution to a singularly perturbed two-point boundary value problem with two singular points on the boundaries of the segment under consideration. The solution is sought in the form of a sum of three functions that can be represented by asymptotic series. It is impossible to construct a uniform asymptotic expansion on a straight line, so an auxiliary function is introduced, with the help of which it is possible to construct an asymptotic expansion on the entire segment, including singular points.
Introduction of Bixa orellanaL. in Apsheron Conditions
Authors: Huseynova A.
Published: August 2024

The article, for the first time at the Institute of Dendrology of Azerbaijan NAS, presents information on the introduction, reproduction and bioecological characteristics of the species Bixa orellana L. in the conditions of Absheron. Seeds of Bixa orellana L. were obtained by exchange from the Central Botanical Garden of Padua, Italy. For the first time, the biological characteristics of Bixa orellana L. were studied in Absheron conditions, the morphological characteristics of its shoots, the growth dynamics of 1-2-year-old seedlings, the root system, and nutritional value. The plant is propagated by seeds and cuttings. Soil sowing (06.10.2021) was carried out in the first ten days of June. The first shoots were observed on 06.23.2021, mass shoots were observed on 06.30.2021. Germination was 80%, sprout survival rate was 60%. When propagating by cuttings, young shoots 8-10 cm high are selected and planted in fertile soil or wet sand. After 7-9 weeks they produce a lot of roots. After this, they can be moved to the field. In 1–2-year-old plant seedlings, the above-ground part (39-80 cm) develops better than the underground part (14-26.5 cm). The growth of Bixa orellana L. is divided into 2 periods; intensive height growth in the first period lasts from the second ten days of May to the end of June, the second - from the end of August to the third ten days of October. The annual growth was 20-25 cm. The growing season ranges from 280±5 days. This species is tolerant to the climatic conditions of Absheron.
Entomophilous Pollen and Bees as Biomonitors and Bioindicators of the Anthropogenic Triad
Authors: Kobzar V. , Peresadin N.
Published: August 2024

The progressive increase in the concentration of harmful pollutants in the environment threatens human health. To record them, researchers use biomonitors; plant pollen and honeybees (Apis mellifera) have proven themselves well in this capacity. The peculiarity of bees is that while searching for food, they collect pollutants from the environment: air, soil and water within a radius of no more than 3 km. Not only plant pollen, but also honeybees can act as bioindicators of the anthropogenic triad: climate change and traditional land use systems and environmental pollution. In various search engines, Internet users are interested in these issues, because their point of refraction is beekeeping products, including honey. It includes almost the entire spectrum of allergenic pollen, starting from wormwood pollen — the regional allergen of the republic and ending with pollen of trees and shrubs. The problem of allergies to ornamental plants is still poorly understood. Reports of occupational flower allergies are few and usually involve gardeners, greenhouse workers, landscapers, and florists. Handling, smelling and caring for flowers can cause rhino conjunctivitis, asthma, urticaria, and contact dermatitis. When studying the pollen spectrum in the air of cities, entomophilous pollen grains of the families Malvaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, and Rosaceae were identified. In the modern world, the concept of “One Health” has gained popularity, which recognizes the interconnectedness of the health of people, animals and ecosystems, therefore it is accepted both at the national and global levels. Within its framework, we are forming a new concept: “Entomophilous pollen and bees as biomonitors and bioindicators of the anthropogenic triad: climate change and land use systems; environmental pollution”. The purpose of the presented article is to systematize the results obtained and literature sources within the framework of the formulated concept.
Thoracic Spine Neurinoma Removal by Transthoracic Approach: Clinical Case and Literature Review
Authors: Yarikov A. , Vishnevsky A. , Tutkin A. , Perlmutter O. , Fraerman A. , Lipatov K. , Rychkova K. , Shklyanov R. , Tsybusov S.
Published: August 2024

A clinical case of surgical treatment of thoracic spine neurinoma is presented. A block resection of the tumor from the transthoracic access was performed. The technical nuances of the intervention are described and the operational possibilities of transthoracic access for the removal of tumors of the posterior mediastinum of neurogenic origin are demonstrated. The experience of using transthoracic access has shown its effectiveness in removing thoracic spine neurinomas.
Theoretical and General Philosophical Foundations Operational and Investigative Support of Criminal Prosecution.
Authors: Baigaziev A.
Published: August 2024

This article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of theoretical and general philosophical foundations of operational and investigative support of criminal prosecution. Various aspects of this activity are considered, including philosophical concepts, theoretical approaches, ethical aspects, epistemological and axiological foundations. The paper provides an overview of the contribution of Soviet, Russian and Central Asian scientists to the development of the theory of operative-search activity. Special attention is paid to the concept of V.A. Lukashov, who expanded the understanding of operational and investigative support to the entire system of law enforcement agencies. The study relies on a number of methods, including dialectical, hermeneutic, system analysis and comparative approach. As a result, the concept of the philosophical and legal foundations of operational and investigative support is formulated, key theoretical approaches to its understanding are identified, a system of ethical principles is developed and an epistemological model of information acquisition is proposed. Operative and investigative support is considered as a complex phenomenon that integrates elements of various philosophical concepts and legal theories. The importance of the balance between public safety and protection of individual rights is emphasized, as well as the necessity of constant rethinking of ethical principles in the context of society and technology development. The article analyzes informative-cognitive, preventive-prophylactic, procedural-security and other approaches to the understanding of operational and investigative support. The issues of integration of operational and investigative support into the system of social control and crime control are considered. Special attention is paid to the influence of technological progress on the development of methods and means of operative-search activity. The conclusion is made about the need for continuous theoretical understanding and practical improvement of operational and investigative support of criminal prosecution in the context of changing social, technological and legal realities.
Organized Criminal Groups in the Modern World: Theoretical Foundations, Structure and Functional Aspects
Authors: Baigaziev A.
Published: August 2024

This article is a comprehensive study of organized criminal groups (OCGs) in the modern world, covering the theoretical foundations of their study, structural characteristics and functional aspects of their activities. The paper traces the evolution of the concept of organized crime in criminological science, analyzes modern approaches to the definition and classification of OCGs, and considers the legal aspects of their definition at the international and national levels. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the structural characteristics of modern organized crime groups, including traditional hierarchical models, network structures, hybrid forms of organization, as well as new forms such as cluster and project organization. The study shows a trend away from rigid hierarchical structures towards more flexible and adaptive forms of organization, which allows OCGs to effectively resist law enforcement pressure and adapt to changing conditions. The article also examines key functional aspects of organized crime groups, including their role in the shadow economy, establishment of corruption links, transnational activities, use of modern technologies and adaptation to countermeasures. The impact of globalization and technological progress on the evolution of OCG forms and methods of operation is highlighted. The study demonstrates the need for an interdisciplinary approach to the study of organized crime, taking into account the complexity and dynamism of this phenomenon. The work contributes to the understanding of current trends in the development of organized crime and can serve as a basis for the development of effective strategies to counter organized crime.
Essence and Importance of the Constitutional Legal Status of the Executive Bodies of the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Mamasaidov A.
Published: August 2024

In this article, the author analyzed the significance of the constitutional and legal status of executive authorities of the Kyrgyz Republic. In the course of the study, the author clearly defined the legal features of the terms “executive power”, “public administration” and “executive authorities”. In addition, the article examines the place of executive authorities in the system of state power and the peculiarities of performing the functions and tasks of the state.
Methods of Teaching Python Programming in Basic School
Authors: Talipov A. , Kaldybaev S.
Published: August 2024

The article discusses methods for teaching Python programming in primary schools, which will help to interest students and give them a solid foundation for further study of programming. The use of various teaching methods and modern educational technologies will make the learning process effective and interesting for students. Teaching Python programming in primary school is a promising direction. The article provides examples of programs in Python.
Formation of the Youth Union (Komsomol) in Kyrgyzstan in the 10-20s of the XX Century
Authors: Asilbekuulu B. , Osmonov S. , Abdyrazakova Z. , Kurbanova A.
Published: August 2024

On the initiative of the Central Committee of the RCP (b), in July 1918, the Organizing Bureau was created to convene a youth congress. On October 29, 1918, the First Congress of the All-Russian Congress of Workers’ Peasant Youth Unions opened in Moscow. He discussed reports from the field, approved the Charter and the main theses of the Komsomol Program. In the theses, emphasizing the solidarity of the Russian Communist Youth Union (RCYU) and the RCP(b), the congress formulated the goals of the Komsomol: active participation in the propaganda of the idea of ​​communism, the involvement of worker and peasant youth in active Soviet construction; determined the forms and methods of cultural and educational work among young people, etc.
Key Aspects of the Translation of Works of the Epic Genre from English to Russian
Authors: Alieva M. , Abdykalykov N.
Published: August 2024

The article explores the key aspects of translating epic genre works from English to Russian. Translating epic texts is a complex task that requires not only linguistic skills but also a deep understanding of cultural context and artistic devices. The article discusses methods and strategies aimed at preserving cultural features, rhythm, and melodiousness, as well as ways of conveying metaphors and images. Studying these issues can contribute to a broader understanding of the relationship between language, culture, and literary art.
The Environmental Function of Animal Characters Across Different Literary Genres
Authors: Makhmudova N.
Published: August 2024

This article explores the remarkable versatility of animal images and characters through their function in literature. The representation of animals in literature has emerged as one of the powerful tools for promoting environmental awareness and advocacy. Across diverse literary genres, the use of animal imagery and characters serves a multitude of functions in catalyzing ecological consciousness. In lyrical nature writing, vivid descriptions of animals and their habitats evoke emotional resonance, inviting readers to appreciate the fragility and resilience of ecosystems. Allegorical narratives, meanwhile, employ animal protagonists to challenge societal norms and expose environmental injustices through metaphorical storytelling. Even in children's literature, charming portrayals of animal characters serve as accessible gateways for young readers to the natural world.
O Patrimônio Cultural preservado pelo IPHAN no Rio Grande do Norte e o papel de Oswaldo Câmara de Souza
Authors: Oliveira Almir Félix Batista de
Published: August 2024

Resumo: Este trabalho tem por objetivos apreender, analisar e discutir o papel desempenhado pelo Instituto de Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN) na definição, escolha e preservação dos patrimônios culturais norte-rio-grandense. Para tanto, realizamos uma análise do trabalho (teórico e prático) desenvolvido por Oswaldo Câmara de Souza a partir de sua obra intitulada “Acervo do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte”, privilegiando a metodologia analítica. Esses patrimônios, incluídos no rol de exemplos e representantes da identidade brasileira e potiguar, além de locais e eventos privilegiados para o turismo na região, vão desde monumentos arquitetônicos (a exemplo do tombamento do Forte dos Reis Magos e da Pinacoteca do Estado), passando pelo patrimônio arqueológico (como os diversos sítios inscritos e conservados) e chegando ao patrimônio imaterial (a exemplo do registro da Festa de Sant’Ana na cidade de Caicó).
Palavras-Chave: IPHAN; Oswaldo Câmara de Sousa; Patrimônio Cultural Potiguar; Preservação e Proteção.
 
Referências Bibliográficas:
BRASIL/IPHAN. Portaria MinC nº 72, de 16 de julho de 2014. Homologa o tombamento do Conjunto Arquitetônico, Urbanístico e Paisagístico do Município de Natal, no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Brasília/DF: IPHAN, 2014.
BRASIL. Ministério do Turismo. Turismo Cultural: orientações básicas. Ministério do Turismo, Secretaria Nacional de Políticas de Turismo, Departamento de Estruturação, Articulação e Ordenamento Turístico, Coordenação-Geral de Segmentação. – 3. ed.- Brasília: Ministério do Turismo, 2010.
Decreto-Lei n.º 25 de 30 de novembro de 1937 in: Proteção e Revitalização do patrimônio cultural no Brasil: uma trajetória, p. 111-119.
FREYRE, Gilberto. Mestre Rodrigo. In: A Lição de Rodrigo. Recife, Amigos do DPHAN, 1969.
CASTRO, John Kennedy Pereira de. Oswaldo de Souza [manuscrito]: uma abordagem semiológico musical de suas canções à performance da canção de câmara brasileira. 2017. Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Música.
CAVALCANTI, Lauro (org.). Modernistas na Repartição. 2. ed. rev. Rio de Janeiro: Editora UFRJ: Minc – IPHAN, 2000 – p. 37-52
FREYRE, Gilberto. Mestre Rodrigo. In: A Lição de Rodrigo. Recife, Amigos do DPHAN, 1969.
GALVÃO, Cláudio Augusto Pinto. Oswaldo de Souza: o canto do nordeste. Rio de Janeiro – RJ: FUNARTE, 1988.
OLIVEIRA, Almir Félix Batista de. Memória, História e Patrimônio Histórico. São Cristóvão: Editora UFS, 2010.
OLIVEIRA, Fernanda Rocha de. Novos olhares e antigas práticas no tombamento de centros históricos: o caso de Natal-RN. 2015. 219 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Preservação do Patrimônio Cultural) - IPHAN, Rio de Janeiro, 2015.
SOUZA, Oswaldo Câmara de. Acervo do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Natal: EDUFRN, 2018.
Mujeres que se inyectan drogas en Mexicali, Baja California: una mirada desde la autoatención en salud
Authors: Acuña Valverde Bianca Vianey , Arellano Gálvez María del Carmen
Published: August 2024

The objective is to analyze self-care practices of women who inject drugs and request harm reduction services in an NGO in Mexicali Baja California. Qualitative methodology was used through participant observation in 2021 and 10 semi-structured interviews in 2023. Results show that women put into practice their knowledge—and others that they have incorporated—when attending harm reduction services, to treat their conditions. Some limitations of the study are related to the field work conditions, as it is still difficult to access the analyzed population. Conclusions indicate that self-care is linked to structural processes such as displacement, stigma and gender, which make seeking professional attention difficult. The participation of this group of women in harm reduction programs has allowed them to adopt self-care practices in favor of their health.
Physics guided machine learning modelling of compressor stall flutter
Authors: Rauseo Marco , Zhao Fanzhou , Vahdati Mehdi
Published: August 2024

Modern aircraft engines need to meet ever more stringent requirements that greatly increase the complexity of design, which strives for enhanced performance, reduced operating costs, emissions and noise simultaneously. The drive for performance leads to the development of thin, lightweight, highly loaded fan and compressor blades which are increasingly more prone to incur high, sustained vibratory stresses and aeroelastic problems such as flutter. The current practice employs preliminary design tools for flutter that are often based on empiricism or simplified analytical models, requiring extensive use of computational fluid dynamics to verify aeroelastic stability. As the industry moves to new designs, fast and accurate prediction tools are needed. In this work, data-driven techniques are employed to model the aeroelastic response of compressor blades. Machine learning has been applied to a plethora of engineering problems, with particular success in the field of turbulence modelling. However, conventional, black-box data-driven methods based on simple input parameters require large databases and are unable to generalise. In this work a combination of machine learning techniques and reduced order models is proposed to address both limitations at the same time. Previous knowledge of flutter is introduced in the physics guided framework by formulating relevant, steady state input features, and by injecting results from low-fidelity analytical models. The models are tested on several unseen cascades and it is found that training on even a single geometry yields accurate results. The models developed here allow flutter prediction of fan and compressor flutter stability based on the steady state flow only without a need for any CPU intensive unsteady simulations. Hence, one can predict flutter stability of a given blade for different mechanical properties (mode shape, frequency) at near zero additional cost once the mean flow is known.
KELAS DIABETES BAGI JAMAAH CALON HAJI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN DAN KETERAMPILAN PERAWATAN MANDIRI DIABETES SELAMA MENJALANKAN IBADAH HAJI
Authors: Sh Sugiharto , Natalya Wiwiek
Published: August 2024

Pendidikan kesehatan bagi jamaah calon haji penderita diabetes mellitus merupakan aspek penting dalam persiapan ibadah haji. Kejadian-kejadian yang tidak diharapkan seperti hipoglikemi, hiperglikemi, atau luka kaki akibat panas dapat muncul selama menjalankan ibadah haji. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini berbentuk kelas diabetes bagi calon haji penderita DM yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan manajemen diabetes pada calon jamaah haji. Peserta kelas diabetes ini ada 96 calon jamaah haji penderita diabetes mellitus. Intervensi berupa program pendidikan kesehatan selama 3 jam mencakup materi tentang pengelolaan diabetes, nutrisi, aktivitas fisik, dan pencegahan komplikasi selama ibadah haji. Hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan pada pengetahuan manajemen diabetes selama haji. Kesimpulannya, program pendidikan kesehatan efektif dalam meningkatkan kesiapan jamaah calon haji penderita diabetes mellitus dalam mengelola kondisi kesehatannya selama menunaikan ibadah haji.
Advancements in Phase Change Materials: Stabilization Techniques and Applications
Authors: Mandal Soumen
Published: August 2024

Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are innovative materials that absorb and release thermal energy during phase transitions, making them ideal for thermal energy storage applications. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of PCMs, focusing on their functioning mechanisms, classifications, and shape stabilization methods. PCMs operate by storing latent heat during melting and releasing it upon solidification, thereby maintaining a stable temperature during phase changes. They are classified into three main categories: organic, inorganic, and eutectic. Organic PCMs, such as paraffins and fatty acids, offer high latent heat storage but suffer from low thermal conductivity. Inorganic PCMs, including salt hydrates and metals, provide better thermal conductivity but face challenges like supercooling and corrosiveness. Eutectic PCMs, which are mixtures of compounds, offer customizable melting points and enhanced thermal properties. To address leakage and improve thermal conductivity, shape stabilization methods are employed, such as encapsulation, stabilization by porous matrix, and polymer hybridized shape stabilization. These techniques enhance the structural integrity and thermal performance of PCMs, making them more suitable for practical applications. The paper highlights the potential of PCMs to improve energy efficiency and outlines future research directions for optimizing their performance in various industries.
Technological advances and challenges in constructing complex gut organoid systems
Authors: Zheng Longjin , Zhan Yang , Wang Chenxuan , Fan Qigui , Sun Denglong , Li Yingmeng , Xiong Yanxia
Published: August 2024

Recent advancements in organoid technology have heralded a transformative era in biomedical research, characterized by the emergence of gut organoids that replicate the structural and functional complexity of the human intestines. These stem cell-derived structures provide a dynamic platform for investigating intestinal physiology, disease pathogenesis, and therapeutic interventions. This model outperforms traditional two-dimensional cell cultures in replicating cell interactions and tissue dynamics. Gut organoids represent a significant leap towards personalized medicine. They provide a predictive model for human drug responses, thereby minimizing reliance on animal models and paving the path for more ethical and relevant research approaches. However, the transition from basic organoid models to more sophisticated, biomimetic systems that encapsulate the gut’s multifaceted environment—including its interactions with microbial communities, immune cells, and neural networks—presents significant scientific challenges. This review concentrates on recent technological strides in overcoming these barriers, emphasizing innovative engineering approaches for integrating diverse cell types to replicate the gut’s immune and neural components. It also explores the application of advanced fabrication techniques, such as 3D bioprinting and microfluidics, to construct organoids that more accurately replicate human tissue architecture. They provide insights into the intricate workings of the human gut, fostering the development of targeted, effective treatments. These advancements hold promise in revolutionizing disease modeling and drug discovery. Future research directions aim at refining these models further, making them more accessible and scalable for wider applications in scientific inquiry and clinical practice, thus heralding a new era of personalized and predictive medicine.
Re-designing nano-silver technology exploiting one-pot hydroxyethyl cellulose-driven green synthesis
Authors: Blosi M. , Brigliadori A. , Ortelli S. , Zanoni I. , Gardini D. , Vineis C. , Varesano A. , Ballarin B. , Perucca M. , Costa A. L.
Published: August 2024

Re-designing existing nano-silver technologies to optimize efficacy and sustainability has a tangible impact on preventing infections and limiting the spread of pathogenic microorganisms. Advancements in manufacturing processes could lead to more cost-effective and scalable production methods, making nano-silver-based antimicrobial products more accessible in various applications, such as medical devices, textiles, and water purification systems. In this paper, we present a new, versatile, and eco-friendly one-pot process for preparing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at room temperature by using a quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), a green ingredient, acting as a capping and reducing agent. The resulting nano-hybrid phase, AgHEC, consists of AgNPs embedded into a hydrogel matrix with a tunable viscosity depending on the conversion grade, from ions to nanoparticles, and on the pH. To investigate the synthesis kinetics, we monitored the reaction progress within the first 24 h by analyzing the obtained NPs in terms of particle size (dynamic light scattering (DLS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM)), Z-potential (ELS), surface plasmon resonance (UV-VIS), crystallographic phase (XRD), viscosity, and reaction yield (inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)). To explore the design space associated with AgHEC synthesis, we prepared a set of sample variants by changing two independent key parameters that affect nucleation and growth steps, thereby impacting the physicochemical properties and the investigated antimicrobial activity. One of the identified design alternatives pointed out an improved antimicrobial activity in the suspension, which was confirmed after application as a coating on nonwoven cellulose fabrics. This enhancement was attributed to a lower particle size distribution and a positive synergistic effect with the HEC matrix.
Scenario planning for climate adaptation and management: a high-level synthesis and standardization of methodology
Authors: Oriol Lunia Evodie , Jorns Jenna , Channell Kimberly , Rood Richard B.
Published: August 2024

Scenario planning is a tool used to explore a set of plausible futures shaped by specific trajectories. When applied in participatory contexts, it is known as participatory scenario planning (PSP), which has grown in its usage for planning, policy, and decision-making within the context of climate change. There has been no high-level synthesis of systematic reviews covering the overall state and direction of PSP for climate adaptation and management. We draw from four systematic reviews on PSP published between 2015 and 2021 to substantiate the credibility of the process and identify a set of standard practices to make PSP a more accessible and usable tool for not only researchers, but policymakers, practitioners, and other end users who may benefit from PSP. We summarize and synthesize the range of PSP processes and characteristics, highlighting four common trends that provoke additional inquiry: PSP’s contribution to social learning and bias, the varying use of quantitative information in scenario development, issues related to carrying out monitoring and evaluation, and the varying completion of practices recommended by established PSP literature. We propose four processes as integral to maximizing PSP’s usability for end users and recommend these areas for further study: identifying social imbalances throughout the PSP process, recognizing bias as inherent to PSP, explicitly addressing, and incorporating uncertainty, and allocating resources for monitoring and evaluation.
A typhoon-induced debris flow warning model integrating rainfall thresholds with geological factors
Authors: Wang Yiming , Xu Dengcai , Yang Youjian , Zhou Minglang , Chen Wenqing , Lin Wei
Published: August 2024

Typhoon-induced debris flows pose a significant threat to the southeastern coastal regions of China. The existing typhoon-induced debris flow warning models, however, are largely limited in the refinement of their rainfall thresholds and in their lack of integration with geological factors. This study proposes a typhoon-induced debris flow warning model based on refined rainfall thresholds by integrating them with geological factors. Firstly, based on the characteristic rainfall of 159 debris flows in seven typhoon rainstorms between 1999 and 2019, the rainfall thresholds of debris flow under different geological conditions were obtained. Close relationships were noticed between rainfall thresholds and the number and density of debris flow disasters. The deterministic coefficient method (DCM) and sensitivity index were used to derive the weights of the geological factors, and the geological groups of the rock masses and vegetation type were the most important geological factors for debris flows. Finally, a typhoon-induced debris flow warning model was constructed, and refined rainfall thresholds were obtained. Due to different geological backgrounds, there were significant differences in the warning rainfall thresholds for debris flow disasters in different regions of the study area. The ROC indicator showed the high accuracy of this debris flow warning model. This research provides a scientific basis for the early warning and prediction of debris flows in typhoon-prone area of China.
The genetic link between thyroid dysfunction and alopecia areata: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Gao Le , Li Wenrui , Song Qiang , Gao Hengxing , Chen Mingwei
Published: August 2024

Background

Although descriptive studies have found an association between thyroid dysfunction (TD) and alopecia areata (AA), however, the causal relationship between TD and AA remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the causal relationship between the two and the specific directions.

Methods

We performed large-scale, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to examine whether there was an association between TD (such as Graves’ disease (GD), Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), thyroid cancer (TC), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), etc.) and AA. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for TD and AA were from the IEU OpenGwas project. The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analysis method to evaluate the causality between TD and AA, supplemented by the weighted median, MR-Egger, simple mode and weighted mode. In addition, sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the reliability of the study results.

Results

Our study found that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HT (IVW OR = 1.396, 95% CI 1.030-1.892, P=0.031) and hypothyroidism (IVW OR = 1.431, 95% CI 1.138-1.799, P=0.002) significantly increased the risk of AA. Reverse MR analysis indicated that genetic susceptibility to AA (β=-0.029, 95%CI=-0.051 to -0.007, P=0.009) may be a risk for TRH. Positive MR analysis observed no statistically significant causal relationship between other TD and AA (IVW P>0.05). Reverse MR analysis also showed no statistically significant association between AA and other TD (IVW P>0.05) other than TRH. Furthermore, additional sensitivity analyses were performed, including a leave-one-out test, a heterogeneity test, and a pleiotropy test to assess the robustness of the results.

Conclusions

This study provides a very comprehensive analysis of the causal relationship between TD and AA, providing convincing genetic evidence to support the causal relationship between TD and alopecia areata. It reveals some causes of AA patients, which is of great significance for the management and treatment of AA patients.
Triiodothyronine levels in athyreotic pediatric patients during levothyroxine therapy
Authors: Baran Julia , Isaza Amber , Bojarsky Mya , Alzoebie Lama , Song Minkeun , Halada Stephen , Sisko Lindsay , Gonzales Stephanie , Mostoufi-Moab Sogol , Bauer Andrew J.
Published: August 2024

Objective

Levothyroxine (LT4) monotherapy is the current recommended approach for treating pediatric patients post-total thyroidectomy (TT) based on the assumption that peripheral conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) normalizes thyroid hormone levels. In adults, approximately 15% of post-TT patients on LT4 monotherapy have altered T4:T3 ratios with ongoing debate in regard to the clinical impact with respect to health-related quality of life (hrQOL). The ability to normalize T3 and T4 levels on LT4 monotherapy for pediatric patients’ post-TT is important but not previously described. This study reports data on T3 levels in athyreotic pediatric patients to determine if a similar cohort of patients exists on LT4 monotherapy targeting normalization of TSH (LT4 replacement) or suppression (LT4 suppression).

Methods

Thyroid function tests (TFTs) were retrospectively extracted from medical charts for patients <19 years old who underwent TT for definitive treatment of Graves’ disease (GD) or differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) between 2010–2021. LT4 dosing was selected to normalize the TSH in GD patients (LT4 replacement) or suppress TSH in DTC patients (LT4 suppression). Pre- and post-surgical TSH, T3 and T4 levels were compared.

Results

Of 108 patients on LT4 replacement (n=53) or LT4 suppression (n=55) therapy, 94% (102/108) of patients demonstrated T3 levels in the normal range post-TT. However, the majority of patients on LT4 replacement (44/53; 83%) and LT4 suppression (31/55; 56%) displayed post-TT T3 levels in the lower half of the normal range despite 50% (22/44) and 48% (15/31) of these patients, respectively, having post-TT fT4 levels above the upper limit of the normal range.

Conclusion

A significant number of pediatric patients do not achieve similar T3 and T4:T3 levels pre- and post-TT. Future multi-center, prospective studies evaluating LT4 monotherapy in comparison to combined LT4/LT3 therapy are warranted to determine the potential clinical impact of altered T3 levels in athyreotic pediatric patients.
Promoting carbon neutrality in China: do financial development, foreign direct investment, and industrialization play a material role?
Authors: Yan Jun , Li Kaodui , Musah Mohammed , Zhang Lijuan , Zhou Yutong , Gao Dan , Akwasi Nkyi Joseph , Gyimah Sackey Frank , Attah Kumah Emmanuel , Cao Siqi , Yao Linnan
Published: August 2024

One of the crucial issues confronting China is high carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Despite the numerous measures outlined to promote the country’s carbon neutrality target, CO2 emissions in the nation continue to increase. This means that more policy options are needed to help improve environmental sustainability (ES) in the nation. Hence, examining the relationship between financial development (FD), foreign direct investment, industrialization, and environmental sustainability in China to provide proper recommendations to drive the carbon neutrality agenda of the nation is deemed fitting. In attaining this goal, time-series data from the period 1990 to 2018 is employed. According to the results, foreign direct investment deteriorates environmental sustainability by promoting more CO2 emissions. This validates the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH). In addition, industrialization and financial development are not friendly to the nation’s environmental quality. Furthermore, economic growth and urbanization escalate environmental pollution in the nation. In addition, the interactions between financial development and foreign direct investment and between financial development and industrialization deteriorate the environment in China. Moreover, foreign direct investment and financial development have an inverted U-shaped association with environmental degradation, but industrialization and environmental pollution are not nonlinearly related. The study advocated for the implementation of measures that could help advance the carbon-neutrality targets of the nation.
Genomic insights into prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defects: value of CNV-seq and WES in clinical practice
Authors: Sun Shiyu , Ji Yizhen , Shao Di , Xu Yasong , Yang Xiaomei , Sun Li , Li Nan , Huang Hui , Wu Qichang
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to assess the efficiency of CNV-seq and WES in detecting genetic cause of congenital heart disease (CHDs) in prenatal diagnoses and to compare CNV detection rate between isolated and non-isolated CHD cases. We conducted a retrospective study of 118 Chinese fetuses diagnosed with CHD by prenatal ultrasound. Participants underwent CNV-seq and, if necessary, WES to detect chromosomal and single nucleotide variations. The overall detection rate for pathogenic or likely pathogenic chromosomal abnormalities was 16.9%, including 7.6% aneuploidies and 9.3% pathogenic/likely pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs), predominantly 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (54.4%). The sensitivity and specificity of CNV-Seq for detecting P/Lp CNVs were 95% and 100%, respectively. CNV-Seq offered a 6.7% improvement in detecting chromosomal abnormalities over karyotyping. WES further identified significant single nucleotide and small indel variations contributing to CHD in genes such as TMEM67, PLD1, ANKRD11, and PNKP, enhancing diagnostic yield by 14.8% in cases negative for CNVs. Non-isolated CHD cases exhibited higher rates of detectable chromosomal abnormalities compared to isolated cases (32.4% vs. 9.9%, p = 0.005), underlining the genetic complexity of these conditions. The combined use of CNV-seq and WES provides a comprehensive approach to prenatal genetic testing for CHDs, unveiling significant genetic cause that could impact clinical management and parental decision-making. This study supports the integration of these advanced genomic technologies in routine prenatal diagnostics to increase detection diagnostic yields of causal genetic variants associated with CHDs.
The genetic characterization of germplasm and identification of the litter size trait associated candidate genes in Dexin mutton and fine-wool sheep
Authors: Zhu Mengting , Li Pengfei , Wu Weiwei , Zheng Wenxin , Huang Juncheng , Tulafu Hanikzi , Lin Changchun , Tao Weikun , Aladaer Qi
Published: August 2024

Xinjiang is a major province of sheep breeding in China, which plays an important role in meeting people’s needs for meat products, increasing farmers’ income and sustainable development of animal husbandry. However, the genetic differentiation relationship between breeds was not clear, and most sheep had low fecundity, which seriously restricted the efficient development of sheep industry. Therefore, this study used the whole genome resequencing to detect the genetic variation of Dexin mutton and fine-wool sheep, explored the selected regions and important genes of the litter size traits, analyzed the genetic mechanism of reproductive traits, and provided new insights for the high fecundity breeding of sheep. A total of 5,236.338 G genome data and 35,884,037 SNPs were obtained. Furthermore, we identified 39 selection signals spanning candidate genes, 99 genes were significantly associated related to growth, reproduction and immunity, among which, BRIP1, BMPR1B, BMP4, NGF, etc. genes, and MAKP signaling pathway, Fanconi anemia pathway and Thyroid hormone signaling pathway and other signaling pathways were significantly correlated with litter size trait. Among them, we identified NGF, TrKA and BRIP1 genes was the important genes for sheep litter size traits and the mutation frequencies of 9 SNPs in BRIP1 gene were significantly different in domestic sheep in the world. The research provided new insights for the breeding of self-cultivated meat fine-wool sheep.
Can the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio be used as an early marker of small fetuses for gestational age? A prospective study
Authors: Salomon David , Fruscalzo Arrigo , Boulvain Michel , Feki Anis , Ben Ali Nordine
Published: August 2024

Background

Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses are at increased risk of mortality and morbidity, and less than 30% will be detected by any ultrasound scan within 4 weeks before delivery. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the first trimester of pregnancy and SGA fetuses.

Method

We performed a prospective study between June 2021 and August 2022, to evaluate the relationship between the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in maternal blood in the first trimester of pregnancy, with the birth of an SGA fetus. One hundred ninety-four participants with singleton pregnancies between 11 + 1 and 13 + 6 weeks of gestation were recruited. Pregnancies affected with diagnosed fetal chromosomal abnormalities, or chronic pathologies were excluded. SGA was defined as birthweight less than the 10th centile (N = 42) and severe SGA as birthweight less than the 3rd centile for gestation (N = 10) according to a locally derived descriptive charts. The NLR value measured in the first trimester was compared between these two groups and controls.

Results

We found no statistically significant difference in NLR, (3.5 +/−1.2 vs. 3.4+/−1.2, p-value of 0.78) when comparing the SGA less than the 10th centile group to the control group. NLR was also not different between severe SGA and controls (3.6+/−1.4 vs. 3.4+/−1.2 p-value of 0.78).

Conclusion

We found no association between first-trimester NLR ratio and SGA.