bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Experimental and CFD Results for RAIDER X® Competitive Prototype
Authors:   Sikorsky a Lockheed Martin Company, Sharma Kalki ,   Science and Technology Corporation, Bodling Andrew , Klimchenko Vera , Lorber Peter , Gruber Katherine , Dziuba Dylan , Bunting Colin , Wake Brian , Tuozzo Nick , Bowles Patrick
Published: August 2024

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analyses are compared with 1/9th model-scale wind-tunnel test measurements for the RAIDER X® Competitive Prototype (CP). A multitude of comparisons with experiment are made, including measured airframe aerodynamic forces and moments, surface pressures, propulsor performance and propulsor-airframe interactions, surface flow visualization, and flow field velocimetry. The CFD tools STAR-CCM+ and CREATE-AVTM Helios were both utilized to simulate the test conditions. The CFD analyses, both using the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model, yielded results which showed good trending with the experimental data. Overall, the CFD tools demonstrated their ability to accurately analyze the behavior of flow over a complex geometry at a variety of orientations. At the same time, a few areas of improvement were identified, such as in regimes of flow separation and complex airflow interactions (such as the hubs' wake impacting the tail). In these areas, trends are often captured, but further investigation and refinements in the CFD analyses are warranted to improve correlations with the experimental data.
Navigating the Nexus: Acute Kidney Injury in Acute Stroke – A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Arora Sameer , Agrawal Arpit , Vishnu Venugopalan Y. , Singh Mamta B. , Goyal Vinay , Srivastava Padma M. V.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is prevalent in patients with acute stroke. Although AKI is linked to poor clinical outcomes, data about its incidence and effect on stroke outcomes is limited.

Methods:

This was a prospective observational study carried out at a single tertiary care center that analyzed the data of 204 consecutive subjects with acute ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage. Considering serum creatinine at admission as the baseline, AKI was defined as a rise in serum creatinine value of 0.3 mg/dl over 48 h or a percentage increase of at least 50% from baseline over 7 days during hospitalization. The primary outcome was to measure the prevalence of AKI in patients with acute stroke. Secondary outcome measures were all-cause mortality, duration of hospital stay, need for dialysis, and comparison of outcomes in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. For both the stroke subtypes, we employed a multivariate logistic regression model, with AKI and hospital mortality being the outcomes. Covariates included gender, age, ventilatory requirement, duration of hospital stay, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission.

Results:

There were 144 cases of ischemic stroke with 12 deaths (8.3%) and 60 cases of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) with 22 deaths (36.7%). The mean age was 55 years, 72.6% were males, and AKI complicated 34% of ischemic stroke and 66.7% of ICH hospitalizations. AKI was linked to increased hospital mortality from ischemic stroke (odds ratio [OR] 27.21, 95% CI 3.39–218.13) and hemorrhagic stroke (OR 5.12, 95% CI 1.29–20.28) in multivariate analysis stratified by stroke type.

Conclusions:

AKI complicates stroke frequently and increases hospital mortality. Additional studies are required to assess if the association is causal and if remedies to prevent AKI would decrease mortality.
Cerebellar Haemorrhage After Corrective Surgery for Scoliosis in a Girl with Arrested Hydrocephalus
Authors: Thomas Dona T. , Mohammed P.A Kunju , Kalpana D.
Published: August 2024

A 14-year-old girl with congenital hydrocephalus and early-onset scoliosis presented with sudden onset of severe headache on the fourth postoperative day of scoliosis correction (definitive fusion). On evaluation, she was found to have cerebellar haemorrhage on computed tomography scan with the findings of obstructive hydrocephalus. Posterior fossa bleed with hydrocephalus contributing to raised ICP was suspected initially. Headache persisted despite treating the patient with analgesics and antioedema measures. There was no history of postural variation of headache. As the drain output was not coming down, even by the sixth postoperative day, low cerebrospinal fluid pressure headache was considered and the drain was removed, which resulted in marked improvement of headache. Subsequent wound exploration revealed grade III dural tear at D10 level, which was repaired and the headache subsided completely. The linear pattern of haemorrhage in the cerebellum is classical of remote cerebellar haemorrhage, which is seen rarely following spinal surgeries with associated dural tear.
Efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation in persistent somatoform pain disorder (psychosomatic pain): A narrative review
Authors: Joshi Shailja , Mishra Preeti , Garg Shobit , Godi Sangha Mitra , Tikka Sai Krishna , Dhyani Mohan
Published: August 2024

Background:

Persistent somatoform pain disorder (PSPD) is a chronic bodily pain condition associated with psychological and emotional distress. It is highly comorbid with other psychiatric disorders and up to 50% or more of the general population report one or more somatic symptoms in their lifetime. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been proven as a safe and effective cortical stimulation technique to alleviate the symptoms in chronic pain conditions.

Aim:

With this narrative review, we planned to evaluate all the existing studies to know the efficacy and tolerability of TMS in patients with PSPD.

Materials and Methods:

The review has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). On the basis of predefined selection criteria, 13 studies were found to be related to TMS in somatoform pain. Upon further screening, a total of 7 potentially relevant studies (n = 445) were included in this review.

Results:

The result outcomes reflect a reduction in pain perception and pain intensity in the TMS group. There was also subjective improvement in associated symptoms such as low mood, anxiety, and dysfunction. However, there were considerable variations in study parameters such as hypothesis, stimulation protocol, and study methodology, which may have impacted the final review outcomes.

Conclusion:

TMS is an effective and safe treatment for PSPD, but the evidence is still anecdotal and theta burst stimulation can be a potential better option than conventional TMS. There is a need for larger, longer, and possibly multicentric replication of trials with TMS and PSPD.
Enhancing esthetic practice: The efficacy of intravenous drips
Authors: Gorai Surajit
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the role of intravenous (IV) drips in enhancing esthetic practices, focusing on their efficacy in improving skin health, hydration, and overall appearance. IV drips, which deliver vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients directly into the bloodstream, have gained popularity in esthetic medicine due to their potential to provide quick and noticeable results. The paper reviews current research on the bioavailability and effectiveness of these treatments compared to oral supplements. Additionally, it examines the potential benefits, such as improved skin elasticity, radiance, and anti-aging effects, while also considering the risks and ethical considerations in their use. The findings suggest that while IV drips may offer a valuable tool in esthetic practice, further research is needed to fully understand their long-term effects and optimal use.
Is acanthosis nigricans, periorbital/perioral pigmentation, maturational hyperpigmentation, pigmented transverse nasal band, and cutaneous amyloidosis a frictional dermatitis a feature of frictional dermatitis developed on Atopic dermatitis skin?
Authors: Sirka Chandra Sekhar
Published: August 2024

Frictional dermatitis is a cutaneous change resulting from prolonged friction on the Atopic dermatitis skin. Over the last 6 months, we came across 20 atopic dermatitis patients with acanthosis nigricans, periorbital perioral pigmentation, maturational hyperpigmentation, pigmented transverse nasal band, and/or cutaneous amyloidosis lesion. Treatment given for atopic dermatitis (oral steroid, tofacitinib, and cytotoxic drugs improved atopic dermatitis and frictional dermatitis change (acanthosis nigricans, periorbital and/or perioral pigmentation, maturational hyperpigmentation, pigmented transverse nasal band, and cutaneous amyloidosis lesion). However, both atopic dermatitis and frictional dermatitic change recurred within 2–4 weeks of discontinuing the therapy for atopic dermatitis. Based on the site of occurrence (body fold and possible friction on the body), and response atopic dermatitis treatment these changes were hypothesized to be possibly due to the result of 1) trauma on the atopic skin developed frictional dermatitic change due to flexion, extension, and friction. This is reported to bring awareness among the physicians that the changes like acanthosis nigricans, periorbital perioral pigmentation, maturational hyperpigmentation, pigmented transverse nasal band, cutaneous amyloidosis may the atopic dermatitis developed following friction induced by frictional dermatitis induced by itch, friction, or body fold movement (flection and extension), in atopic dermatitis patients.
Comparative Evaluation of Various Antioxidants on the Shear Bond Strength of Composite Resin to Bleached Enamel – An In Vitro Study
Authors: Bhasker N , Sailaja Pachalla Mayuri , Sandeep Shiva , Krishnaveni J
Published: August 2024

Aim:

To evaluate and compare the effect of various antioxidants on the shear bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel.

Materials and Methods:

Labial enamel surfaces of 90 extracted human maxillary central incisors were randomly divided into five groups based on the antioxidant used as follows: Group I (n = 20): Bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide gel for 10 min, without the use of an antioxidant; Group II (n = 20): Bleaching followed by the use of 10% sodium ascorbate solution; Group III (n = 20): Bleaching followed by the use of 5% grape seed extract solution; Group IV (n=20): Bleaching followed by the use of 5% pine bark extract solution; and Group V (n=20): Control group in which no bleaching was done. Groups I–IV were further subdivided into two subgroups of 10 teeth each, whether the antioxidant application and composite build-up was done immediately (subgroup A) or after 2 weeks of postbleaching (subgroup B). Shear bond strength of the specimens was tested under a universal testing machine.

Results:

One-way analysis of variance followed by Mann–Tukey posthoc multiple comparison test was used to analyse the data. The level of significance was established at P < 0.05.

Conclusion:

Within the limitations of this study, it was observed that the use of antioxidants effectively reversed the compromised bond strength of bleached enamel. Among the antioxidants, 5% pine bark extract application after bleaching showed better bond strength.
A case report of nasoalveolar molding procedure using modified MU hook in a bilateral cleft lip and palate
Authors: Shetty Divya , Shetty Swathi , Shetty Soumya B , Naik Shilpa S. , Ratnaparkhi Ishani , Mehrotra Deepshikha
Published: August 2024

The objective of nasoalveolar molding is to provide an approximation of lip and palatal segments, to reduce tension in the tissues in a nonsurgical way along with reshaping of gums, lips, and nostrils to give a symmetrical appearance, and help in narrowing the cleft width before surgery. The goal of this case report is to describe the use of a modified MU hook appliance in a case of a bilateral cleft lip and palate. This appliance aids in lengthening the columella and significantly improves the surgical outcome. This report also highlights the benefits, adjustments required, proper training for parents, and clinical management of the appliance.
An innovative appliance to prevent trauma to the pedicle of buccal myomucosal flap
Authors: Sharma Chirag , Singhal Gargi , Agrawal Karoon
Published: August 2024

Buccal myomucosal flap or buccal flap is an established procedure for the treatment of velopharyngeal dysfunction. This flap is harvested from cheek based posteriorly in retromolar region and transferred to the soft palate region for lengthening of the palate. This is used for nasal lining and/or for closure of oral mucosa defect. There is a risk of crushing of pedicle of the flap in adolescents and adults when molars are erupted. An innovative orthodontic appliance has been designed to be placed over mandibular anteriors to create an open bite in the region of molars. This appliance has been used in 2 clinical cases successfully preventing trauma to the pedicle of the flap. This appliance is fabricated in the dental laboratory after taking mandibular and maxillary impressions. This appliance is fitted over the mandibular anterior teeth and patient can remove and put back. The patient can be trained about the use of the appliance peroperatively. It is easy to fabricate, user-friendly, and inexpensive. There was no complication in terms of temporomandibular joint pain or teeth movement.
Factors Associated with Clinical Pregnancy following Assisted Reproductive Technology: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ottun Tawaqualit Abimbola , Adewunmi Adeniyi Abiodun , Olumodeji Ayokunle Moses , Jinadu Faosat Olayiwola
Published: August 2024

Background:

Over the years, the numbers of centres performing assisted reproductive technology (ART) have increased in urban regions of Africa. We reviewed a 10-year record of ART in a public hospital in a bid to determine the pregnancy rate and identify factors associated with achieving clinical pregnancy.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective, analytical, cross-sectional study of 604 women who had undergone in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or IVF/intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection, over a 10-year period, at the [Institute of Fertility Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital]. Data were obtained from the medical records of couples who had undergone IVF at the study location and analysed using relevant descriptive and inferential statistics. Regression analysis was used to determine possible predictors of clinical pregnancy outcomes at 95% confidence level and significant P value of <0.05.

Results:

The clinical pregnancy rate observed was 23.7%. Women aged ≥35 years of age had 2.9 odds of achieving pregnancy compared to women <35 years of age. The quality of embryo and dose of the follicle-stimulating hormone used were not significantly different when compared in pregnant and non-pregnant women (P = 0.612 vs 0.881). Endometrial preparation techniques, number of embryos transferred, types of embryos transferred, sperm quality, and source of gametes used were not significantly different in pregnant and non-pregnant women. There was a 0.77 odds of achieving pregnancy when a day-5 embryo was used compared to a day-3 embryo (P = 0.008).

Conclusion:

Overall, these results emphasise the multifaceted nature of IVF outcomes, urging further research to elucidate the intricate factors influencing success rates in assisted reproduction.
Role of Local Flaps in the Reconstruction of Extensive Anterolateral Noma Defect: A Case Report
Authors: Abdullahi Mohammed Adam Sheikh , Alhaji Ahmed Mohammed , Mbaya Kefas Mari , Bala Mujtaba , Tahir Chubado
Published: August 2024

The scarring stage of noma disease often presents with composite tissue loss involving hard and soft tissues with resultant fibrosis making reconstruction a challenge. Microvascular reconstruction option is associated with good outcomes when the expertise is available. Trismus, which is caused by either soft tissue fibrosis or the union of the coronoid to the zygomatic complex, is also a common presentation. Effective treatment necessitates the involvement of a diverse team of specialists and the establishment of clear treatment objectives. This report presents a case of an extensive composite noma defect with trismus in a 9-year-old female managed using local flaps.
Premalignant and Malignant Ocular Surface Squamous Cell Neoplasia: A Retrospective Hospital-Based Study Spanning 18 Years
Authors: Kayoma Dumebi Hedwig , Imasogie Dele Eradebamwen
Published: August 2024

Ocular surface squamous cell neoplasia can arise from a premalignant lesion (conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia or ocular surface squamous cell intraepithelial neoplasia). Their respective magnitudes will provide an indication of early treatment or progression of the disease. This study, therefore, aims to determine the frequency of premalignant and malignant ocular surface squamous neoplasia. This is a retrospective study of all cases of premalignant and malignant ocular surface squamous neoplastic lesions histologically diagnosed over an 18-year period at the Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital. The results showed that there were more malignant ocular surface squamous neoplastic lesions relative to ocular surface squamous cell intraepithelial neoplastic lesions. Also, the latter occurs at a relatively lower median age in comparison to the former. In conclusion, our findings suggest that late presentation of symptoms may account for higher frequency of malignant ocular surface squamous neoplastic lesions.
Unlocking the Mysteries of Epicardial Adipose Tissue: Implications of Cardiometabolic Syndrome
Authors: Cacciapuoti Federico , Liguori Carlo , Nasti Rodolfo , Capone Valentina , Cacciapuoti Fulvio
Published: August 2024

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex condition characterized by various factors, including abdominal obesity, high triglyceride levels, low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high blood pressure, and elevated fasting blood sugar. Obesity, marked by the expansion of fat mass and increased fat cell production, is closely linked to MS. This review explores the role of adipose tissue (AT), particularly epicardial AT (EAT), in the development of MS and other cardiovascular complications. Notably, EAT, located around the heart and coronary arteries, is implicated in cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure through the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Emerging therapies, including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, have shown promise in reducing EAT thickness and improving cardiovascular outcomes. However, distinguishing visceral fat from subcutaneous fat in obese individuals remains a challenge, necessitating further research to develop targeted interventions. In conclusion, EAT plays a critical role in cardiovascular health, and ongoing studies are required to advance our understanding and develop precise interventions to mitigate its impact on cardiovascular diseases in at-risk individuals.
Stigma in steatotic liver disease: A survey of patients from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alqahtani Saleh A. , Alswat Khalid , Mawardi Mohamed , Sanai Faisal M. , Abaakhail Faisal , Alghamdi Saad , Al-Hamoudi Waleed K. , Nader Fatema , Stepanova Maria , Younossi Zobair M. ,   on behalf of the Global NASH Council
Published: August 2024

Background:

A recent name change of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease was primarily driven by potential stigma associated with the terminology. This stigma can be different between patients and healthcare providers and differ according to geographic regions of the world. Our aim was to better understand stigma and disease burden among patients with NAFLD enrolled in the global survey from Saudi Arabia (SA).

Methods:

Members of the Global NASH Council created a 68-item survey about patients’ experience with NAFLD, covering history of stigmatization and discrimination due to the disease, various aspects of the disease burden [(Liver Disease Burden (LDB), 35 items, 7 domains], and perception of various diagnostic terms for NAFLD. Patients whose country of residence was SA were asked to complete the survey.

Results:

The survey was completed by 804 patients with NAFLD from SA. Of all enrolled patients, 17% ever disclosed having NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to family/friends. The most commonly used term for the disease was “fatty liver” (96% used it at least sometimes, 79% frequently or always). There were 3.7% who reported experiencing stigma or discrimination (at least sometimes) due to obesity/overweight versus only 2.7% due to NAFLD. Female patients reported a history of stigmatization or discrimination more frequently than males: 5.9% versus 3.0% due to obesity (P = 0.06) and 5.4% versus 1.8% due to NAFLD (P = 0.01). There were 43% of patients who reported ever missing or avoiding a visit to a primary care provider due to NAFLD (48% male vs 28% female, P < 0.0001). The greatest social-emotional burden among patients with NAFLD (by LDB) was being or being identified as a person with liver disease (10% agree, 4% male vs 26% female) and feeling like they could not do anything about their liver disease (6.4% agree, 3% male vs 16% female). Regarding how patients perceived diagnostic terms, there were no substantial differences between “fatty liver disease”, “NAFLD”, “NASH”, and “MAFLD”.

Conclusion:

Stigmatization in terms of disease burden, disease-related stigma, and perception of various diagnostic terms are rarely observed in patients with NAFLD in SA. In comparison to male patients, female patients with NAFLD reported more commonly a history of stigmatization and discrimination and a significantly greater disease burden. The findings will help inform policymakers to develop programs to increase awareness and provide education about stigma related to NAFLD.
Priority Controlled Data Transmission in Sensor Networks
Authors: Cherian Mary
Published: August 2024

In any real time communication the selected protocol has a major role in determining QoS provision. This paper illustrates the working of a protocol which provides real time provision by discovery of multiple paths. The algorithm manages the dynamic changes by computation of alternate routes. Priority of data determines its share of bandwidth. The performance is assessed with different node distributions and scenarios. The protocol resolves congestion, contention, and static route switching limitation. The other advantages include, but not limited to better delivery times, less requirement of bandwidth, and better throughput.
Detection of Anomalous Bitcoin Transactions in Blockchain Using ML
Authors: Bajpai Soumya , Sharma Kapil , Kumar Chaurasia Brijesh
Published: August 2024

An Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled blockchain helps to ensure quick and efficient immutable transactions. Low-power IoT integration with the Bitcoin network has created new opportunities and difficulties for blockchain transactions. Utilising data gathered from IoT-enabled devices, this study investigates the application of ML regression models to analyse and forecast Bitcoin transaction patterns. Several ML regression algorithms, including Lasso Regression, Gradient Boosting, Extreme Boosting, Extra Tree, and Random Forest Regression, are employed to build predictive models. These models are trained using historical Bitcoin transaction data to capture intricate relationships between various transaction parameters. To ensure model robustness and generalisation, cross-validation techniques and hyperparameter tuning are also applied. The empirical results show that the Bitcoin cost prediction of blockchain transactions in terms of time series. Additionally, it highlights the possibility of fusing block- chain analytics with IoT data streams, illuminating how new technologies might work together to enhance financial institutions.
NLP and Machine Learning for Sentiment Analysis in COVID-19 Tweets: A Comparative Study
Authors: Shaik Shahedhadeennisa , S P Chaitra
Published: August 2024

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, a novel technique is given for assessing the sentiment of individuals using Twitter data obtained from the UCI repository. Our approach involves the identification of tweets with a discernible sentiment, followed by the application of specific data preprocessing techniques to enhance data quality. We have developed a robust model capable of effectively discerning the sentiments behind these tweets. To evaluate the performance of our model, we employ four distinct machine learning algorithms: logistic regres sion, decision tree, k-nearest neighbor and BLSTM. We classify the tweets into three categories: positive, neutral, and negative sentiments. Our performance evaluation is based on several key metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Our experimental results indicate that our proposed model excels in accurately capturing the perceptions of individuals regarding the COVID-19 pandemic.
Boosting Productivity: The Impact of Improved Sesame Varieties on Small-Scale Farmers in Mtwara, Tanzania
Authors: Hyera Dennis , Isango Emmanuel
Published: August 2024

This study examines the adoption patterns of sesame varieties among small-scale farmers in the Mtwara region of Tanzania and analyzes the effects of adopting improved varieties on productivity the study Utilizing a non-experimental cross-sectional research design, the study collects data from a sample of 150 farmers using simple random sampling to ensure representativeness. The research area, Nanyumbu, Mtwara was chosen due to its significance in sesame production, diverse agro-climatic conditions, and substantial small-scale farming community. Data is gathered through primary sources and analyzed using the Endogenous Switching Regression (ESR) model to address self-selection bias. The research reveals that 67.13% of farmers continue to use local sesame varieties, while 27.9% utilize a combination of improved and local varieties, and 13.33% have fully adopted improved sesame varieties. The study identifies significant factors influencing adoption and productivity, including access to credit, market connectivity, and land ownership for adopters, and age, marital status, education level, and access to agricultural inputs for non-adopters. The analysis demonstrates that adopters of improved varieties experience a substantial increase in productivity, with a mean difference of 37.94 bags per acre compared to non-adopters. These findings underscore the role of financial access and market connections in enhancing agricultural outcomes and provide valuable insights for improving sesame production practices in the region.
Effect of Media Composition on Biohydrogen Production from Fig (Ficus carica) by Dark Fermentation
Authors: Abibu W. , Kaya M. , Karadas Y. , Karapinar I.
Published: August 2024

In this study, mesophilic batch fermentation experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of varying C/N ratios (25 -100) on  biohydrogen production. The fermentable sugar was obtained from microwave hydrolyzed waste fig (Ficus carica). A control experiment  without external nitrogen addition was also set-up to evaluate if the nitrogen content of hydrolyzed fig could sustain biohydrogen production. The highest cumulative hydrogen volume (861± 0.5 ml) and volumetric production (4.3 ± 0.3 L/Lreactor) were obtained at C/ N=50. The yields varied between 0.9 ± 0.21 and 1.1 ± 0.23 mol H2 mol-1 TSconsumed for C/N= 25-100. The highest production rates achieved  were 11.5 ± 0.12 ml h-1 and 57.5 ± 0.14 ml L-1 h -1 at C/N=50. Thus, the best ratio in terms of substrate conversion to hydrogen  is C/N=50 which can be evaluated as the nitrogen-sufficient condition. The nitrogen content of the hydrolyzed waste fig (control) was not  sufficient for efficient biohydrogen production and external nitrogen addition is required to obtain a higher production rate. There were  significant differences between the C/N ratio for cumulative hydrogen volumes, hydrogen production rate and volumetric hydrogen  production rate.
Isolation, Characterization and Biodegradability Tests of Cellulase from Bacterium Obtained from the Soil of Agro Dumpsite
Authors: Odufuwa K.T. , Otuyemi K.M. , Fagbohunka B.S. , Ezima E.N. , Faponle A.S. , Itakorode B.O.
Published: August 2024

The study investigated the waste biodegradation potential of cellulase produced by bacteria isolated from soil at an agro dumpsite, along  with their physicochemical properties. The bacterium was identified as Bacillus subtilis and subjected to extracellular cellulase production via shaking flask fermentation. The production conditions such as pH, temperature, and incubation time were optimized  using random surface methodology (RSM). The response was predicted by second-order polynomial model. In addition, the enzyme produced was partially purified, characterized, and explored in the biodegradation of agricultural waste products using standard  methods. Cellulase yield in the experiment varied from 3.00 to 10.30 U/mL and under the optimum conditions of pH 7.0, 40 oC and 18 hr incubation time, the value for cellulase yield was 10.70 U/mL. The enzyme purification resulted in a specific activity of 3.3 Units/ mg of  protein and 20 % yield. The Km and Vmax of the partially purified enzyme were 3.33 mg/mL and 52.0 U/mL respectively. The optimum pH and temperature of B. subtilis cellulase were at pH 5.0 and 50oC respectively. The inhibitory study showed that Na+ did not inhibit the  activity of the enzyme while the enzyme activity was moderately inhibited by Mg2+, Sn2+ and Hg2+. Potassium ions (K+) strongly inhibited enzyme activity. The substrate specificity test showed that the enzyme was able to utilize other substrates. CMC, orange peel, pectin,  pineapple peel and maize cob all showed 100% activity while rice husk and maize starch had an activity of 89 and 14 % respectively. The study concluded that response surface methodology (RSM) could be used to optimize bacteria cellulase production conditions and that  the enzyme is suitable for various biotechnological processes such as waste management.
Dynamics of Foliar Application of Silver Nitrate on Fusarium wilt Severity, Growth and Fruit Yield of Tomato
Authors: Ganiyu S.A. , Popoola A.R. , Wahab O.Y , Imonmion J.E. , Yekini B.A. , Oke M.O. , Danbabuwa M.Y.
Published: August 2024

Management of fungal diseases on crop plants has been towards developing safe and sustainable approaches that pose less danger to  man and the environment. The study examined the foliar application of silver nitrate in screenhouse for the management of the Fusarium wilt of tomato. A completely randomized design was used for the experiment and replicated three times. The experiment  consisted of a tomato variety (Roma round) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) at 10 ppm, 50 ppm, and 100 ppm. Untreated control (0 ppm) pots  served as negative control while Carbendazim (2500 ppm) served as a positive control. Results revealed that tomato plants treated with  silver nitrate at 100 ppm at 8th WAT had a severity index of 3.00, which was significantly lower than the 4.33 and 6.00 disease severity  recorded for plants treated with 50, 10 and 0 ppm concentrations of silver nitrate, respectively. The highest harvested fruit yield (35.90  tons/ha) was recorded for plants treated with Carbendazim, followed by 32.59 tons/ha recorded for plants treated with 100 ppm silver  nitrate, which were not significantly different from each other. However, both values were significantly different from 20.47, 0.40, and 0.31  tons/ha fruit yield recorded for plants treated with 50, 10, and 0 ppm silver nitrate concentrations, respectively. The results showed  that silver nitrate at 100 ppm concentration can reduce Fusarium wilt infection on tomato which would consequently translate to fruit  yield increase.
What have we learned about the kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin systems in neurological disorders?
Authors: Naffah-Mazzacoratti Maria da Graça
Published: August 2024

Laparoscopic surgery is the main treatment method for patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumors. Although laparoscopic surgery is minimally invasive, its tool stimulation and pneumoperitoneum pressure often cause strong stress reactions in patients. On the other hand, gastrointestinal surgery can cause stronger pain in patients, compared to other surgeries. Transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) can effectively inhibit the transmission of nerve impulses caused by surgical stimulation, alleviate patient pain, and thus alleviate stress reactions. Remazolam is an acting, safe, and effective sedative, which has little effect on hemodynamics and is suitable for most patients. TAPB combined with remazolam can reduce the dosage of total anesthetic drugs, reduce adverse reactions, reduce stress reactions, and facilitate the rapid postoperative recovery of patients.
Regulation and function of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
Authors: Qi Qian-Rong
Published: August 2024

Laparoscopic surgery is the main treatment method for patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumors. Although laparoscopic surgery is minimally invasive, its tool stimulation and pneumoperitoneum pressure often cause strong stress reactions in patients. On the other hand, gastrointestinal surgery can cause stronger pain in patients, compared to other surgeries. Transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) can effectively inhibit the transmission of nerve impulses caused by surgical stimulation, alleviate patient pain, and thus alleviate stress reactions. Remazolam is an acting, safe, and effective sedative, which has little effect on hemodynamics and is suitable for most patients. TAPB combined with remazolam can reduce the dosage of total anesthetic drugs, reduce adverse reactions, reduce stress reactions, and facilitate the rapid postoperative recovery of patients.
Investigation of the Deionization Rate of Asymmetric Capacitive Deionization Technology for the Treatment of Short-Chain Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)
Authors: Jeon SeongBeom , Min Taijin , Lim Sungil , Lee Chung Kyu , Yun Jinhan , Ryu Kyungha , Yoon Hongsik
Published: August 2024

Objectives : This study aims to introduce and evaluate the effectiveness of asymmetric membrane capacitive deionization (ACDI) in removing short-chain perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), specifically perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS), from aqueous solutions. This study offers important insights for the advancement of CDI technology in the sustainable treatment of industrial wastewater containing PFAS.Methods : ACDI was employed by removing the anion exchange membrane from conventional membrane capacitive deionization system. The effect of key operational parameters such as voltage (0.5~1.2 V), initial concentration (50~500 mg/L), and flow rate (1~5 ml/min) on PFBS removal efficiency was systematically investigated. Additionally, PFBS removal performance in the presence of chloride ions was also investigated to determine competing ion effects.Results and Discussion : The ACDI system significantly outperformed both CDI and MCDI, achieving a maximum deionization rate of 0.032 mg/g/s, compared to 0.012 mg/g/s for CDI and 0.01 mg/g/s for MCDI. Increasing the applied voltage from 0.5 V to 1.2 V enhanced the deionization rate, with the highest rate observed at 1.2 V. Higher initial PFBS concentrations also improved the deionization rate, increasing from 0.0009 mg/g/s at 50 mg/L to 0.032 mg/g/s at 500 mg/L. The optimal flow rate was found to be 2 ml/min, balancing ion contact time and throughput, resulting in the highest deionization rate. The presence of competing ions, such as chloride, reduced PFBS removal efficiency, as shown by the decrease in deionization rate when NaCl was added to the feed solution.Conclusion : Overall, the ACDI system demonstrated superior deionization capacity and energy efficiency for PFBS removal, highlighting its potential as a sustainable and efficient technology for treating water contaminated with short-chain PFAS. Future research should address the challenges posed by competing ions in real-world wastewater to further optimize the ACDI system’s performance.
Talip Apaydın'ın Sarı Traktör'ünün Başkahramanı Çocuk İşçi Arif ve Arif'in Eğitim Olanakları
Authors: Korkmaz Arda
Published: August 2024

Makalenin ana eksenini oluşturan Cumhuriyet devrine bakıldığında Mahmut Makal’ın Bizim Köy adlı metni, Türk edebiyatı içerisinde “Köy Edebiyatı” tanımlaması noktasında bir eşik olarak görülmektedir. 1940’ların sonları ile 1950’lerin başlarında Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin siyasi yörüngesinde bulunan Marshall Planı gibi kimi yönelimlerle birlikte tarımdaki yöntemlerin değişmesi, tarımda makineleşmenin yaygınlaşması, iktidarın değişimi ile birlikte köy, köylüye bakış, köylünün içinde bulunduğu durumun değişimi, Türk yazar/aydınının dikkatini bu yöne çevirmesine sebep olmuş; Mahmut Makal ile başlayan serüven Samim Kocagöz, Talip Apaydın, Abbas Sayar, Fakir Baykurt, Yaşar Kemal, Orhan Kemal, Kemal Tahir gibi birçok yazar/aydın ile devam etmiştir. Bu noktada, roman özelinde yapılan çalışmaların tarımda makineleşme, köy ve köylüye bakış, köydeki öğretmen imgesinin ideolojik konumu, yapı ve izlek boyutlarında olduğu görülür. Bu çalışma, diğerlerinden farklı olarak romanın başkahramanı olan Arif’in çocuk işçiliğine ve eğitim olanaklarından uzaklığına odaklanacaktır. Bu zamana kadar Arif’in traktör arzusu ve bu arzu için verdiği uğraş özelinde şekillenen çalışmaların yanı sıra bu makale, köy öğretmenlerinin Arif’in nezdinde eğitim sorunlarını dile getirip getirmediklerini, köyün geneli tarafından Arif özelinde eğitim-öğretime dair beklentilerin olup olmadığını, bir çocuk olan Arif’e hangi sorumlulukların yüklendiği ve Arif’in bu sorumluluklar karşısındaki tavrı gibi meseleleri gündeme getirecektir.
Tautological relations and integrable systems
Authors: Buryak Alexandr , Shadrin Sergey
Published: August 2024

We present a family of conjectural relations in the tautological cohomology of the moduli spaces of stable algebraic curves of genus $g$ with $n$ marked points. A large part of these relations has a surprisingly simple form: the tautological classes involved in the relations are given by stable graphs that are trees and that are decorated only by powers of the psi-classes at half-edges. We show that the proposed conjectural relations imply certain fundamental properties of the Dubrovin-Zhang (DZ) and the double ramification (DR) hierarchies associated to F-cohomological field theories. Our relations naturally extend a similar system of conjectural relations, which were proposed in an earlier work of the first author together with Gu\'er\'e and Rossi and which are responsible for the normal Miura equivalence of the DZ and the DR hierarchy associated to an arbitrary cohomological field theory. Finally, we prove all the above mentioned relations in the case $n=1$ and arbitrary $g$ using a variation of the method from a paper by Liu and Pandharipande, this can be of independent interest. In particular, this proves the main conjecture from our previous joined work together with Hern\'andez Iglesias. We also prove all the above mentioned relations in the case $g=0$ and arbitrary $n$.

Comment: v3: final journal version, 44 pages
Advancing towards HIV-1 remission: Insights and innovations in stem cell therapies
Authors: Chatterjee Aditi , Matsangos Aerielle , Latinovic Olga S. , Heredia Alonso , Silvestri Giovannino
Published: August 2024

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) continues to pose a significant global health challenge despite advances in combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), which has transformed HIV-1 infection from a fatal disease to a manageable chronic condition. However, cART is not curative, and its long-term use is associated with challenges such as pill burden, drug toxicities, and the emergence of drug-resistant viral strains. The persistence of active viral reservoirs necessitates lifelong treatment, highlighting the need for alternative therapeutic strategies capable of achieving HIV-1 remission or cure. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising approach to address these challenges by targeting latent viral reservoirs, restoring host immune function, and potentially achieving sustained viral suppression in the absence of cART. This review critically evaluates current scientific literature on stem cell therapies for HIV-1, focusing on three major approaches: 1) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), 2) gene therapy, and 3) cell-based immunotherapies. Each approach is examined in terms of its underlying mechanisms, clinical feasibility, recent advancements, and associated challenges. Furthermore, future research directions are discussed, emphasizing the optimization of the current treatment protocols, enhancement of safety and efficacy, and the importance of large-scale clinical trials with different cohorts (different HIV clades, different genders of participants, and pediatric HIV) to evaluate long-term outcomes that include effective and scalable HIV cure challenges. Collaborative efforts across multidisciplinary fields are needed to overcome existing barriers so to realize the full therapeutic potential of stem cell-based approaches for developing an effective and scalable remission or cure strategies.
La recepción de métodos en la Teología Práctica en el contexto latinoamericano
Authors: Cerda-Planas Catalina , Cortés Rocío , Sánchez Olvani , Mazzini Marcela
Published: August 2024

El artículo explora la recepción creativa de cuatro métodos de Teología Práctica en América Latina, destacando la interacción dinámica entre las tradiciones teológicas locales y los enfoques metodológicos desarrollados en otras partes del mundo. En concreto, se presenta el modo en que cuatro métodos originarios “del norte” (Razonamiento de la Escritura, Teología de la Correlación, Estudios en Espiritualidad y Teología Empírica) han sido creativamente recibidos y transformados dentro del contexto teológico latinoamericano. Cada método se examina en términos de su desarrollo original y su reinterpretación en América Latina, mostrando cómo el diálogo con las tradiciones teológicas locales ha dado lugar a nuevas expresiones metodológicas. Este estudio no solo refleja la capacidad de adaptación e innovación en la Teología Práctica hecha en América Latina, sino que también subraya la contribución significativa de estos métodos al desarrollo continuo de la disciplina en la región. El artículo concluye discutiendo la relevancia de estos enfoques metodológicos para el avance de una Teología Práctica a su vez profundamente contextual pero abierta a las oportunidades y los desafíos del panorama teológico internacional.
DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF A SMALL SCALE PROCESSING CHARCOAL KILN
Authors: Gold I. L. , Umweni I. M. , Ataga E.
Published: August 2024

The design and evaluation of a small scale processing charcoal kiln was done in order to improve the existing practices employed by many local people in the carbonization of different Agricultural biomass (oil palm kernel shells, Coconut shells, Date palm stalk,Shea tree stalk and wood) to obtain charcoal. Charcoal making is the transformation of biomass through the process of slow pyrolysis. The process takes place in four main stages governed by the temperature required in each stage. The charcoal kiln is made from a cylindrical mild steel of 5mm plate thickness and it has five components which are the chimney, heat chamber, cover, burning chamber and the seal. The charcoal kiln was successfully used for the carbonization of the biomass of oil palm kernel shells and coconut shells. The time required, quantity of the biomass and temperature where factors taken into consideration during the carbonization process. At 90mins, 10kg of oil palm kernel shells totally carbonized at 629°C and yielded 2.738kg of charcoal. At 60mins, 10kg of Coconut shells totally carbonized at 656°C and yielded 1.768kg.
A REVIEW ARTICLE ON SANDHIGATA VATA
Authors: Pohiya Ritu , Singh Devjinder , Kumar Mishra Pramod , Sharma Indumati
Published: August 2024

Sandhigatavata is one such clinical entity among Vatavyadhi which affects the locomotion in which Dhatu
Kshaya is the prime factor, which is characterised by specific symptoms like joint pain, swelling, stiffness, pain
and restricted movement of joints, etc. Acharya Charaka and Vagbhaṭa have described the disease as Sandhigata
Anil with Sandhisula (joint pain), Sandhishotha (swelling in joint), Prasarankuncanayoḥ Savedanahpravṛttiḥ
(pain during movement like flexion and extension of the joints). Acharya Susruta and Mādhava have described
that Hanti Sandhīn (loss of function) is the main symptom of Sandhigatavata. General Hetu of Vatavyadhi can be
considered an etiological factor responsible for causing Sandhigatavata. Panchavidha kashaya kalpana can be
effective in Kostha-gata or the primary condition of Sandhigatavata, Sneha Kalpna can be helpful in Shakhagata
or moderately degenerative condition of Sandhigatavata and Guggulu Kalpana as well as Rasa Aushadhi can effectively treat the terminal or Marma-Asthi-Sandhigata stage of Sandhigatavata.
Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis: Pengaruh Lingkungan Sosial dan Perlakuan yang Diterima Remaja dari Lingkungan Sosialnya terhadap Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Ardini Sahening Dian , Sugiarti Rini
Published: August 2024

This study examines the influence of the social environment and the treatment that adolescents receive from their social environment on psychological well-being. Psychological well-being is a concept that refers to a person's feelings towards the activities of daily life, which includes six main dimensions. This study uses the literature study method (SLR) to collect and analyze data from various sources. The results of the study are expected to provide a deep understanding of the dynamics of these external factors and their impact on the psychological well-being of adolescents. In addition, the study also aims to identify strategies and interventions that can be used by parents, educators, and the community to support the psychological well-being of adolescents, by reducing the negative effects of bullying and implementing more positive and supportive parenting styles.
Deteksi Penipuan: Menganalisis Fraud Hexagon untuk Mendeteksi Fraud dengan Komite Audit sebagai Variabel Moderasi
Authors: Wibowo Novi Karsetio , Lastanti Hexana Sri
Published: August 2024

The aim of this research was to examine the impact of Pressure, Capability, Opportunity, Collusion, Rationalization, and Arrogance on Financial Report Fraud, with the Audit Committee serving as a moderating variable. The study utilized library research and documentation techniques for data collection, focusing on a sample of 54 real estate sector companies listed on the IDX from 2020 to 2022. Regression Analysis was employed to analyze the data, which was secondary in nature. The findings reveal the significant influence of Pressure, Opportunity, and Collusion on Financial Report Fraud, while Capability, Rationalization, and Arrogance did not exhibit a significant effect. Additionally, the Audit Committee as a moderating variable did not significantly impact the relationships between the Fraud Hexagon factors and Financial Report Fraud. These results offer new insights into the role of the Audit Committee in fraud prevention and the application of the Fraud Hexagon model in detecting financial report fraud. The study suggests further research to explore the interactions between these factors and the effectiveness of audit committees in mitigating fraud.