bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective Soil Type Classification Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Ronaldo Antomy David
Published: November 2021

Soil classification is a growing research area in the current era. Various studies have proposed different techniques to deal with the issues, including rule-based, statistical, and traditional learning methods. However, the plans remain drawbacks to producing an accurate classification result. Therefore, we propose a novel technique to address soil classification by implementing a deep learning algorithm to construct an effective model. Based on the experiment result, the proposed model can obtain classification results with an accuracy rate of 97% and a loss of 0.1606. Furthermore, we also received an F1-score of 98%.
Sentiment Analysis of Hotel User Review using RNN Algorithm
Authors: Utami Theresia Arwila
Published: November 2021

Sentiment analysis in user review is a growing research area at the current time. Usually, the website becomes a source of data in knowing the quality of the hotel services, and the provider can utilize the review for monitoring and evaluation. However, determining the positive or negative sentiment of a user review in unstructured textual data takes a long time. As a result, we present a model to classify positive or negative sentiment in user reviews in this article. This study suggests the RNN method in building an effective model to classify user sentiment. Based on the experiment, our model can produce accurate results in organizing hotel reviews. Furthermore, the proposed method achieved a higher evaluation metrics score with an f1-score of 91.0%.
Sistem Monitoring Penghitungan Barang Otomatis Berbasis Internet of Things
Authors: Rafli Ahmad , Setiyadi Didik , Rofiah Syahbaniar
Published: November 2021

Technology is something that was created to help and facilitate human work in various aspects needed for the survival and comfort of life in the company. All goods produced will be counted before distribution. The calculation and input of goods in PT Winner Pratama has not been done automatically, so the researchers solved the solution by creating an automated item counting system based on the Internet of Things and Website. This system is designed using Infrared (IR) Sensor, Nodemcu esp8266, Breadboard, Jumper cable, Buzzer, Push Button, Lcd I2c, Database, and Dcmotor. With the prototype method to simulate this system before it is applied in the production field to find out how the system works. And based on testing infrared sensors as much as 10x by means of an object closer to the sensor with a distance of 2-6 cm successfully, this system can help employees to find out the number of items automatically generated every day, without having to do the calculations manually. In addition to automatic counting, the system also performs input automatically and the data is stored in a database.
Pengembangan Model Pengukuran Sistem Informasi Akademik Terhadap Kepuasan Pengguna Menggunakan Technology Acceptance Model Dan Delone&Mclean
Authors: . Herlina , Lestari Ninik Sri
Published: November 2021

Peran teknologi sebagai penunjang kebutuhan administrasi kependidikan salah satunya adalah Sistem Informasi Akademik (SIAK) yang di rancang untuk mempermudah para pengguna khususnya mahasiswa dalam melakukan kegiatan akademik.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menguji pengaruh perilaku pengguna Sistem Informasi Akademik Berbasis Web terhadap kepuasan pengguna sistem informasi. Model penelitian yang digunakan mengacu pada model penerimaan dan kepuasan terhadap penerapan teknologi sistem informasi yakni Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) dan model Delone McLean. Data dikumpulkan dari kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada 400 mahasiswaÂ  Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia (ISBI) Bandung. Analisis data menggunakan software AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structure) dan analisis regresi melalui program SPSS. Hasil penelitan menunjukkan bahwa pengguna sistem informasi akademik berbasis Web memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan pengguna sistem informasi pada Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia (ISBI) Bandung. Analisis koefisien determinasi (0,474) menunjukkan bahwa sebesar 47,4% dari total tingkat kepuasan pengguna sistem informasi dipengaruhi oleh variabel perilaku. Hal ini menunjukkan semakin baik penggunaan sistem informasi akademik berbasis web yang diterapkan, maka tingkat kepuasan pengguna sistem informasi akademik tersebut semakin tinggi
Penentuan Algoritma Similarity Yang Akurat Pada Sistem Berbasis Cased Based Reasoning Untuk Identifikasi Ikan
Authors: . Suhadi , Atika Prima Dina , Lestari Panca Indah , Ramadian Afzil
Published: November 2021

Abstrak - Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan memiliki potensi perikanan yang sangat besar dan beragam, Indonesia memiliki 17.508 pulau dengan garis pantai sepanjang 81.000 km dan 70% (5,8 juta km2) dari luas Indonesia adalah lautan, adapun keragaman sumberdaya laut untuk beragam jenis ikan merupakan ciri tersendiri untuk mengenali dan memahami suatu spesies secara detail. Identifikasi jenis ikan yang bersifat computing masih terbatas, dalam penelitian analisa yang digunakan adalah sistem Case Based Reasoning (CBR). CBR merupakan penalaran berbasis kasus yang mempunyai metode penyelesaian masalah berbasis pengetahuan untuk mempelajari dan memecahkan masalah berdasarkan pengalaman masa lalu. CBR adalah suatu model komputasi untuk meniru penalaran manusia untuk memberikan kemudahan dalam mencari kasus berdasarkan kemiripan, kemudian case based reasoner mencari kasus-kasus yang ada pada basis kasus untuk menemukan kasus yang memiliki kemiripan dengan persoalan yang sedang dihadapi (retrieve). Oleh karena itu, proses CBR sering juga disebut dengan istilah â€œ4 Reâ€ yaitu Retrive, Retain, Revise, Reuse. Dalam paradigma pemecahan masalah sebuah permasalahan baru diselesaikan dengan cara membandingkan dengan kasus-kasus pada dimasa lampau dan menggunakannya kembali kasus-kasus yang ada untuk menyelesaikan suatu masalah sekarang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan evaluasi dan komparasi Algoritma Weighted Euclidean Distance (WED), Algoritma Hamming and Levenshtein Distances (HLD), Algoritma Cosine Coefficient for Text-Based Cases (CCFTBC) dan Algoritma k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) untuk identifikasi jenis ikan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari pemilihan hasil komparasi algoritma pada sistem CBR yang cepat dan akurat.Â Copyright Â© 2019 LPPM - STMIK IKMI CirebonThis is an open access article under the CC-BY licenseÂ
Evaluasi Usability Pada Aplikasi Pembelajaran Tari Menggunakan System Usability Scale (SUS)
Authors: Purnamasari Ade Irma , Setiawan Andi , . Kaslani
Published: November 2021

The existence of dance in an area needs to be preserved so that it is not displaced by the entry of foreign cultural arts, The lack of interest of the younger generation in local culture needs to be watched out for because it has an impact on the sustainability of traditional dance. To introduce and motivate the younger generation to learn dance, an Android-based dance learning application has been developed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Android-based dance learning application, in the evaluation process involving 20 respondents to provide statements from the aspect of usability using the system usability scale (SUS) method consisting of the testing phase using 10 instruments for assessment, the data processing stage, the result analysis stage, and the result conclusion. The test results obtained a value of 79.37 with grade "B" means that the learning application that has been tested can be declared acceptable in the Acceptability Ranges category and it can be stated that the dance learning application is easy to use and can be used as a learning tools.
Biopolitica ed ecologia
Authors: Angelini Andrea
Published: November 2021

One of the core issues in Michel Foucault’s and Georges Canguilhem’s works is the study of the epistemological status and political functioning of biological discourse, explored in its fully heterogeneous, plural, and conflictual character. Starting from the relations and tensions between their theoretical orientations, the present work attempts a critical re-reading of their researchs, with the aim of integrating and mobilizing their analysis in light of contemporary political and epistemological debates. In this respect, Canguilhem’s biological philosophy allows us to re-examine the foucauldian conceptions of history, society, subjectivity, technology, and environment; moreover, it enables a re-questioning about the spaces of intervention of biopolitical technologies from a socio-ecological and eco-historical perspective.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menulis dan Self-Efficacy Mahasiswa Pada Mata Kuliah Intermediate Writing Dengan Metode Self-Assessment
Authors: Annisah Annisah , Samsudin Samsudin , Waliyudin Waliyudin
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis dan self-afficacy mahasiswa dengan menggunakan metode penilaian self-assessment. Penelitian ini akan diterapkan pada mata kuliah Intermediate Writing. Metode yang digunakan adalah pre-eksperimen dengan desain one pretest dan posttest.   Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa semester II Program Studi pendidikan Bahasa Inggris STKIP Taman Siswa Bima yang berjumlah satu kelas. Tahap penelitian dilakukan dalam 3 tahap yang mencakup; Tahap I: melakukan observasi dan wawancara, penyusunan instrument, penyusunan materi ajar, validasi instrument, uji coba instrument, menganalisis hasil uji coba instrument untuk mengetahui validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Tahap II: melakukan pretest, treatment, observasi, dan posttest. Tahap III: mengolah data hasil pretest, posttest, dan instrument lainnya, membandingkan hasil sebelum dan sesudah pemberian treatment, memberikan saran dan kesimpulan. Hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian adalah terjadi peningkatan kemampuan menulis dan self-efficacy mahasiswa pada mata kuliah Intermediate Writing. hasil pre-test menunjukkan nilai minimum yang diperoleh mahasiswa adalah 43 dan nilai maksimum adalah 65, sedangkan pada post test terjadi peningkatan yang cukup baik yaitu nilai minimum yang diperoleh mahasiswa adalah 75 dan nilai maksimum adalah 90.
Penerapan Aplikasi Google Classroom Dalam Matakuliah Matematika Diskrit Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Juliangkary Eliska , Pujilestari Pujilestari
Published: November 2021

Pada penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan belajar mahasiswa menggunakan Aplikasi Google Classroom dalam matakuliah Matematika Diskrit pada masa pandemic covid-19. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai semester ganjil tahun akademik 2020/2021 pada Mahasiswa semester V matakuliah Matematika Diskrit sebanyak 34 orang, Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika. FSTT UNDIKMA Mataram. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah berupa angket/kuisioner dengan menggunakan google form. Wawancara dilakukan pada saat akhir kegiatan belajar mengajar secara daring. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan excel untuk menghitung jumlah persentase serta nilai rata-rata. Indikator angket diberikan pada mahasiswa terdiri dari ; 1) Respon siswa mudah dalam mengakses Aplikasi Google Classroom, 2) keefektifan dalam pembelajaran Matematika Diskrit dalam menggunakan Aplikasi Google Classroom, 3) pemahaman terhadap materi dalam pembelajaran dengan menggunakan Aplikasi Google Classroom, (4) mudah pemahaman materi Matematika Diskrit  jika menggunakan aplikasi Aplikasi Google Classroom selama masa Pandemi Covid 19. (5) motivasi mahasiswa  dalam melakukan belajar online karena menggunakan Aplikasi Google Classroom,(6) kualiatas interaksi guru dan siswa dalam Pembelajaran menggunakan Aplikasi Google Classroom. Berdasarkan indikator penerapan  Aplikasi Google Classroom menunjukan rata-rata mahasiswa menjawab setuju sebesar 75.5% dan tidak setuju sebesar 25.5%. Hasil tersebut menunjukan bahwa penerapan Google Classroom mendapatkan tanggapan yang baik dari mahasiswa, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk pembelajaran pada matakuliah Matematika Diskrit.
THE USE OF SNOWBALLING TECHNIQUE TO LEARN APPLYING VOCABULARY AFTER THE PANDEMIC THE USE OF SNOWBALLING TECHNIQUE TO LEARN APPLYING VOCABULARY AFTER THE PANDEMIC
Authors: Setianingsih Tri , Qomariyah Siti Syafi’atul , Nafisah Bq. Zuhrotun
Published: November 2021

The Use of Snowballing Technique to Learn Applying Vocabulary After the Pandemic. This research is aimed at finding out the effectiveness of using snowballing technique to learn applying vocabulary at the third grade students of SMAN 1 Batulayar in academic year 2020/2021. This research is an experimental research with quasi experimental and category of this research is non-equivalent control group design. The population of this research is the third grade students of SMAN 1 Batulayar consist of 62 students. The instrument that will be used to collect the data is test consists of post-test. The data will be analysed by using statistical formula of t-test.The result of data analysis showed that the value of t-test was 4.39 and t-table 2.00. The value of t-testis higher than t-table in significance level0.05 and degree of freedom 62-2. It meant that t-critical value was significant fot this confidence level. Then, alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepeted and null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected. It could be concluded that there was an effect of using snowballing technique to teach vocabulary at the third grade students of SMAN 1 Batulayar in Academic year 2021/2022.
Pluralisme Masyarakat Adat Donggo Dalam Merawat Kerukunan Beragama
Authors: Haryanto Lutfin , Oya Abas , Atmaja Jessy Parmawati
Published: November 2021

Pluralism is a view of life in understanding, acknowledging and accepting the existence of pluralism and diversity in a community group. The people of Donggo, Bima Regency, West Nusa Tenggara have different religious beliefs, in which there are different cultures and customs. There are three religions that developed in Palama Village 2, Nggerukopa hamlet, Donggo District, namely Islam, Catholicism and Protestantism. With a variety of religious beliefs, of course, each individual community has different desires, and this can lead to conflict between individuals in the community, for this reason it is necessary to understand pluralism which refers to the meaning of tolerance in order to live in harmony, to unite the diversity of a nation. The formulation of the problem raised in this study is how is the form of religious harmony in the Donggo custom community? The formulation of the problem raised. The purpose of this study is to find out the pluralism of the Donggo custom people in maintaining religious harmony. Researchers obtain data in this study is from observation, interviews and documentation. The data were analyzed by qualitative descriptive method. Based on the results of the study it was found that the forms of harmony of the Donggo custom people in maintaining religious harmony were cua kaco'i angi (mutual respect), doho kaboro weki (sitting together), inga dasa uma (helping to build a house), batu rawi rasa (participating in events) and tio kasama weki rasa ra dana (guarding with the village). Thus, the researcher concludes that the Donggo custom people in Nggerukopa really care for their religious harmony in any form to continue to live in harmony with each other.
The effectiveness of web-based technology platforms in facilitating construction project collaboration: a qualitative analysis of 1,152 user reviews
Authors: Chowdhury Mahmuda , Hosseini M. Reza , Martek Igor , Edwards David John , Wang Jun
Published: November 2021

The construction industry accounts for 9% of global GDP. Efforts at addressing construction’s inherent inefficiencies have over the last decade increasingly involved the deployment of web-based collaborative tools. Consequently, much research has been devoted to assessing these platforms; including interoperability, workflow management and technological limits. What has not been considered to date are the views of web-based tool users themselves as to the functionality, potency and usability of the various platforms available on the market. Currently, there are 5,300,000 documented users of web-based collaborative tools. If web-based collaboration is to be further enhanced, the views of users must be known. This study explores this dimension. Financeonline’s top six tools were considered: CoCostruct, PlanGrid, Autodesk BIM 360, Procore, e-builder and Aconex. Around 200 reviews for each tool were collected from ‘Business Software Reviews from Software Advice,’ resulting in a total dataset of 1,152 complete reviews. Text-mining analysis was applied to this dataset, using RapidMiner Studio 7.5. Thirty key terms with a frequency of over 100 occurrences were retrieved; terms such as software, manage, inform, support, easy use, function, track and friendly. These constitute the subject of the reviews. These terms were then analyzed for sentiment qualifiers; either positive or negative. A total of 804 sentiments were positive, 322 negative and 26 neutral. This study thus highlights that while 70% of user reviews of web-based collaborative tools are positive, there remains much room for improvement. Areas for improvement are also indicated by this study.
PERAN PENGAWASAN DALAM OPERASIONAL KOPERASI KONSUMEN YAYASAN PUSAKA RAUDHATUL IRFAN DESA KUTAWARGI KEC. RAWAMERTA KAB. KARAWANG
Authors: Sungkono
Published: November 2021

Perkembangan koperasi di Indonesia dapat dikatakan timbul teggelam, pada saatnya maju namu kadang menjadi mengalami kemunduran karena lemahnya Pengawan. Pada kondisi ini, penting untuk memberikan edukasi kepada segenap unsur yang menangani koperasi tersebut. Pengabdi merasa perlu utnuk memberikan masukankepada Pengurus khusunya kepada Pengawas Koerasi yaitu tentang Peran Pengawasan dalam Operasional Koperasi Konsumen Yayasan Pusaka Raudhatul Irfan Desa Kutawargi Kec. Rawamerta Kab. Karawang

Kergiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat secara daring (online) selama satu hari ( 7 jam

) dapat disimpulkan bahwa : (a). Secara umum para pihak yang berkepentingan pada Koperasi Konsumen Yayasan Pusaka Raudhatul Irfan Desa Kutawargi Kecamatan Rawamerta Kabupaten Karawang menyadari masih kurangnya sistem pengawasan; (b). Peran kepengawasan pada Koperasi Konsumen Yayasan Pusaka Raudhatul Irfan Desa Kutawargi Kecamatan Rawamerta Kabupaten Karawang belum berjalan secara optimal; (c). Tingkat kepercayaan terhadap fungsi kepengawasan yang dilakukan masih rendah, oleh karena itu semua setuju untuk dilakukan sistem aplikasi

 

Kata kunci : Pengawas, Amanah, Maju.
PENYULUHAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN USAHA MIKRO, KECIL DAN MENENGAH (UMKM) MASYARAKAT DESA PAMEKARAN KECAMATAN BANYUSARI KARAWANG
Authors: Sinta Maria Dewi  , Lilis Astutiawaty
Published: November 2021

Covid-19 memiliki dampak yang besar untuk masyarakat menengah ke bawah, karena perekonomian menurun dan juga banyak pengurangan hak kerja (phk) bagi para pegawai di perusahaan/pabrik. Banyak pedagang kaki lima yang tidak bisa berjualan dengan normal karena adaanya wabah virus corona dan kekurangan mata pencaharian, dan jasa ojek online pun tidak bisa beroperasi seperti biasa karena adanya aturan PSBB dan beberapa orderan jasa yang menurun karena adanya social distancing. Pemerintah sudah berusaha maksimal dalam membantu masyarakat yang kekurangan dengan memberikan bantuan sosial berupa sembako dan bantuan lainnya. Pemerintah pun telah memberikan kelonggaran untuk membayar kredit, pajak dan keringanan tagihan listrik. Masyarakat dan pemerintah perlu bekerja sama dalam memerangi covid-19, agar perekonomian indonesia dapat membaik.Kata Kunci : Covid-19 , PSBB , Social Distancing

Covid-19 had a great impact for the lower middle society, as the economy declined and also much reduction in employment rights (phk) for employees in companies/factory. Many street vendors cannot sell normally due to the presence of corona virus outbreaks and lack of livelihoods, then even online ojek services cannot operate as usual due to the presence of PSBB rules and declining service order due to the presence of social distancing. The government is already trying to utmost in helping the deprived public by providing social aid in the form of a sembako, etc. Then the government also provided credit-paying leeway, taxes were also borne by the government, and the leniency of electricity bills. The public and government need to cooperate in combating covid-19, in order for the economy of indonesia to improve.Keywords : Covid-19 , PSBB , Social Distancing
ANALISIS JABATAN PADA KOPERASI KONSUMEN YAYASAN PUSAKA RAUDHATUL IRFAN DESA KUTAWARGI KEC. RAWAMERTA KAB.KARAWANG
Authors: Enjang Suherman  , Neni Sumarni  , Suroso
Published: November 2021

Pelaksanaan perkoperasian ini terntu harus memiliki struktur organisasi yang jelas dan jabatan apa saja yang harus ada didalam koperasi tersebut. Serperti pengurus dan pengawas serta pegawainya. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan analisis jabatan untuk merancang setiap jabatan pada koperasi tersebut.Metode penulisan ini mengunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriftif, Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara dan obsevasi. Analisis data menggunakan penggabungan studi literasi dengan wawancara sehingga menghasilakan job description dan job specification. Data sekunder dikumpulkan dari buku, jurnal, internet serta dokumen-dokumen yang lain yang relevan. Hasil penulisan artikel ini mengenai hasil dan pembahasan mengenai produk dari suatu analisis jabatan yaitu deskripsi jabatan dan spesifikasi jabatan pengurus sebagai contohnya pada organisasi koperasi yang diperoleh dari beberapa tahap analisis jabatan. Namun penulisan artikel ini tidak membahas korelasi analisis jabatan dengan praktik MSDM lainnya seperti remunerasi,beban kerja dan penilaian kinerja pada setiap jabatan.Kata kunci: Analisis Jabatan, Koperasi
Notizen zum koptischen Dialekt H
Authors: Peust Carsten
Published: November 2021

“Notes on the Coptic dialect H” - The sole witness of the little-known Coptic dialect H still remains unpublished, but quite a bit of information is nevertheless scattered in various published sources and is assembled here, including a glossary of almost 600 lexical items provided at the end of this paper. The evidence of lexical and morphological isoglosses shows that H does not belong to the Fayyumic dialect cluster, as has been suggested, but must be considered a late, vulgar offshoot of Sahidic, possibly of a northern subvariety of Sahidic. A number of sound laws and morphological issues are discussed, which also bear on the understanding of Coptic dialects other than H.
Iconicity and Semantic-Structural Mapping in Earlier Egyptian Complementation
Authors: Uljas Sami
Published: November 2021

Earlier (Old and Middle) Egyptian object complement structures are shown to form a hierarchy of increasing semantic integration with the matrix clause that directly corresponds to growing morpho-syntactic integration between the two. This is argued to provide a prima facie case of the so-called iconicity of cohesion that appears to be a major factor in organising the grammar of complementation in languages generally.
The Informational Response of Different Investor Types on Futures Return Fluctuations: Evidence from Taiwan’s Index Futures Market
Authors: Chien Chen-Cheng , Chen Chun-Nan
Published: November 2021

This article examines the price impact of different types of investors' trading activities in the Taiwan index futures market on the market, and explores the information roles of different types of investors. We find the trading volumes of different investors in the index futures market affect futures returns through information. The impact on index futures returns in the current period is small, showing the ability of foreign institutional investors to quickly respond to negative news and obtain information advantages. Further, from the MSE and QLIKE loss functions, individual investors use EGARCH(1,1), domestic institutional investors TGARCH(1,1), and foreign institutional investors GARCH(1,1). Further, the imbalance of buy and sell orders is suitable for the fluctuation of futures returns using EGARCH(1,1).
ABOUT STYLES AND METAMORPHOSES (the Issue of Definitions in the Study of Sarmatian Animal Style)
Authors: Korolkova E. F.
Published: November 2021

This paper is devoted to the problems of scientific definitions concerning the study of the Sarmatian animal style art. This art is represented with the gold decorative objects which often ornamented with colour inlays of different shapes, mostly made of turquoise often used together with other minerals. This art shows the specific features to distinct it from the phenomenon of the Scythian animal style. Decoration of the artistic wares with colour inlays reflects a specific aesthetic tastes and typical method of jewelry of the Sarmatian era. This polychromic effect used to be considered as a very essential feature of the Sarmatian era.

But there were some different heterogeneous cultures which show artistic traditions of different origin in the area inhabited by Sarmatian tribes in the turn of Christian era. Polychromic styles were of different character and type. So, the so called polychromic style is a very conventional definition which comprises some different variants.

One of the groups of objects belonging to Sarmatian culture is characterized with very abundant decoration of turquoise inlays. This visual feature inspired Mark Schukin to launch a new term «turquoise-golden style» which was taken up by archaeologists and became a professional definition. But even scholars mean different comprehension in this term. So, now it is clear that this term is too indeterminate and it is not able to describe the certain artistic style and artistic culture. There were a lot of golden objects in heterogeneous cultures and in different times which were decorated with inlays made of turquoise. They show different styles and the only feature could not determine the artistic style. Any style could be determined with a complex of essential features.

The definition «turquoise-golden style» nothing means and should be forgotten to avoid confusion and mess in scientific studies.
BRONZE SCABBARD-CHAPE AND BIMETALLIC SWORD FROM M. F. SUMTSOV KHARKIV HISTORICAL MUSEUM
Authors: Babenko L. I.
Published: November 2021

In M. F. Sumtsov Kharkiv Historical Museum archaeological collection a bronze scabbard-chape can be found, which has a form of a rhomb-shaped plug that ends with a head of a carnivorous bird. The bird’s head is conveyed by three expressive elements — an eye in the eyesocket, a beak, and a tonguelet. Chapes of such type count a bit more than twenty exemplars, which are located preferably on the Caucasus and Northern Black Sea coastal area territories. Chape was included in the so-called «Kharkiv treasure». This treasure was supposedly found by two teenagers in their yard in 1957; they gave it to the museum. The treasure is very variegated by its content and counts 236 objects of different epochs — from the Neolithic Age to the Middle Ages and modern ages. By the range of symptoms the treasure can be linked to the Archaeological exhibition opened in occupied Kharkiv in 1942 and which was demolished by the fire in February 1943. The exhibition was based on the materials of the Historical Museum collections and the Archaeological Museum of the Kharkiv University; it demonstrated as wide chronological period as the content of the «Kharkiv treasure» was — from the Stone Age to the Cossacks times. So, apparently before the war, the chape belonged to the collection of one of these museums. The loss of the accounting records of both museums prevents from determining the more precise origin of the chape.
In the Archaeological exhibition remnants after the fire a bimetallic sword with an iron blade and bronze handle was also found. The sword and the chape belong to the same cultural and chronological context and are tied with each other functionally. At the same time, they are quite rare findings. It allows admitting a possible connection between them and their belonging to the same complex. Visually the Kharkiv chape is the closest to the findings from the Northern Black Sea coastal area, which allows defining the possible territory of origin of this complex, which is just hypothetic for now.
SWORDS AND DAGGERS IN THE FUNERAL RITUAL OF THE UST-ALMA NECROPOLIS
Authors: Medvedev G. V.
Published: November 2021

In terms of the number of weapons the Ust-Alma necropolis stands out among the Late Scythian sites of the Crimea.

The paper deals with burials accompanied by swords and daggers. Their types, quantity and chronology are defined in the paper. The main role of the bladed weapons in the funeral rite played its functional purpose but besides this it could have the sacred meaning or play the role of the social indicator in the military elite, female and children burials. The analysis of the burial assemblages showed that the large role in the burial rite of the Ust-Alma necropolis was played by bladed weapons.

From the mid-1st century AD. the number of bladed weapons in the burial assemblages of Ust-Alma necropolis increased. In the 1st century AD. Chersonesos and most of the Crimea (including the Late Scythian state) were controlled by the Bosporan kingdom. Crimean Scythia participated in the Roman-Bosporan war as the ally of Bosporus. In the 2nd century AD. the military actions of the Bosporan army also took place on the territory of the Crimean Scythia. This phenomena was reflected in the funeral rite.

In the first centuries AD. the traditions of the funeral rite characteristic for the Sarmatian Age population of the steppe regions of Northern Pontic area and the Volga region have appeared at the necropolis. This was reflected in a number of single but special features of the rite. In addition, there are changes in the ethnic and social structures of the population of the Ust-Alma Late Scythian settlement. Together with the public elite, the military one had formed whom graves are distinguished by rich grave goods (precious metal, bronze dishes, amphorae, horse bridle).

The funeral rite of the Ust-Alma necropolis has many similarities with the funeral rite of the Sarmatians in the Don and Kuban regions and the Asian Bosporus.
MASCULINE WOMEN OR FEMININE MEN? WEAPON FINDS IN SARMATIAN FEMALE GRAVES OF THE GREAT HUNGARIAN PLAIN
Authors: Istvánovits E. , Kulcsár V
Published: November 2021

When building up a database of Sarmatian burials in the Great Hungarian Plain (Alfцld), that presently includes the complete material of 3949 burial features, we noticed some cases of the presence of typically «masculine» pieces of grave-goods in burials determined as female ones. The article deals with this phenomenon widely known in different cultures, observed in the burial rite. These are the findings of weapons or their fragments in female graves. It is difficult to determine the precise number of such burials in the case of the Alfцld Sarmatians because of the high number of looted burials and the inaccuracy of anthropological data. In this study, we collected five cases from four sites, among them the two largest published cemeteries (Madaras: arrowhead, Budapest-Pйceli ъt: arrowhead), and one under publication (Nyнregyбza-Felsősima-Gyebrбs-tanya: sword fragments in two graves) and two less-known grave groups (Szeged-Szőreg: sword fragment, Ъjszentivбn: sword fragment). We do not think that — usually with one exception — fragmented weapons found in female graves could have been used in their original function; nor do we connect this element of burial rite with the phenomenon of the armed women, the «Amazons» well-known in the barrows of the Volga-Ural region in the Sauromatian and Middle Sarmatian Age. These cases are very distant in time and space, however, some traces of archaic traditions cannot be completely excluded. Based on the material at our disposal, we would rather suggest the existence of the rite called the «transfer of objects to the otherworld» the analogies for which are known both in the archaeological — including Sarmatian (such a case was published by O. V. Symonenko from the elite burial of Vesnyanoe) — and ethnographical material.
RESEARCH METHODS FOR THE WOMEN’S BURIES WITH WEAPONS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SARMATIAN BURIAL GROUND «NOVY»
Authors: Shevchenko E. B.
Published: November 2021

The universal methodology for the study of nomadic female burials with weapons is proposed in the paper. The methodology is based on a comparative analysis of female burials containing weapons with the control group which are synchronous male burials of the corresponding burial ground. The comparative analysis is carried out according to the following criteria: the set of weapons, the type of each individual weapon, and also the place of fixation. If most of the signs coincide, then the female burial is recognized as military (utilitarian function). If deviations are predominantly detected, then the semantics of the weapon are recognized as ritual.
To demonstrate the operability of the technique, the large Sarmatian burial ground «Novy» on the Lower Don was selected. As a result, 2 out of 23 female burials were confidently recognized as military, which is 8.6 % of the total female population included in the sample, and 4.5 % of all military burials. Whereas among 44 men there were 35 soldiers, which is 85.3 %. For this group, the percentage of female warriors turned out to be quite high, but, of course, the marker of aggressiveness of the male population is significantly higher than the female. It should be recognized that the vulnerability of the methodology is the quality problem of the control group itself. That is, whether all male burials containing weapons should be considered military.
The important observation is the fact that in two of the three burials, women were buried with infants. Thus, it cannot be ruled out that participation in hostilities did not block the possibility of motherhood from a woman. On the other hand, the assumption involuntarily arises whether the placement of weapons in a female burial is connected with the death of her and her child. Moreover, four female burials with infants containing weapons did not fall into the sample due to the fact that they were robbed.
The author is fully aware that the proposed study is not the last true in the issue of the semantics of weapons in the female burials of nomads. Many aspects still raise questions. It is possible that if modern researchers will accept the proposed methodology positively, then over time, with the advent of new facts, the spread of genetic research, the work will become only a historiographic link. And this is a completely natural process in any scientific field. The issue of the semantics of weapons in female burials, the issue of the participation of women in hostilities is extremely complex and controversial. It must be understood that if the study is gender-based, it is almost impossible to completely exclude the personal preferences of the study itself. These are creative questions, but if there is a universal methodology, there is an opportunity to circumvent the threat of subjective influence. A universal technique will allow for a qualitative comparative analysis. It is necessary to completely withdraw from the intuitive level.
THE FIBULA FROM BURIAL 4 IN THE HOLMSKE BURIAL GROUND AT NORTH-WEST PONTIC REGION
Authors: Kropotov V. V.
Published: November 2021

The metal fibula found in the grave 4 in the Holmske burial ground is comprehensively analyzed in the paper. This entombment is characterized in the majority of generalizing works as one of the Earliest Sarmatian sites of North-West Pontic Region. At the same time its absolute dating is remained debatable up to now. Researchers dates this assemblage to the beginning / first half of the 1st century BC, or to the end of this century, or even more later time, interpreting this fibula the derivate of the smooth clamped fibula of Middle La-Ten scheme of the 1st century BC. Watching the original stored in Odessa Archaeological Museum of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine has allowed us certainly identify this object. Such distinctive features as the low direct hull, the rectangular section of the backrest, the free end of leg not fixed on the hull, the receiver in the form of a uvula-ledge etc., pull together this sample with the oldest fibulae of the Early La Ten scheme that existed in the second half of the 2nd century BC. Apparently, the fibula from burial No. 4 in the Holmske burial ground must be dated to this time interval. Other grave goods from this assemblage does not contradict such attribution.

Is of interest that the nearest synchronous undoubtedly Sarmatian graves are known only on the inverse part of North Pontic Region — in Sea of Azov region and on the Lower Don area and have absolutely other cultural looking. On the contrary, burial 4 in the cemetery of Holmske has straight analogies among the graves of so-called Tiraspil barrows which are geographically close to it and for which the similar graves goods and funeral constructions are characteristic. Thus though burial 4 is not made in a catacomb, peculiar for Tiraspil sites, it nevertheless should be included into this cultural group.
СHRONOLOGY OF THE ARMLETS WITH CONICAL CONE ENDS FROM THE MАEOTIAN SITES OF THE KUBAN REGION
Authors: Limberis N. Yu. , Marchenko I. I.
Published: November 2021

Currently there is a need to develop of regional chronological schemes for certain categories and types of archaeological finds. The bronze armlets with the conical cones at the ends can be quite reliable chronological indicators for the assemblages of the first centuries AD in case of lack of other possibilities for dating. The assemblages with armlets from the Maeotian burial grounds of the Kuban region are analyzed in the paper. The published materials from the Don Maeotians burials are also used in order to compare and clarify the chronology. The analysis was mainly carried out basing of the burials with fibulae which are the base for chronology of the armlets. The types of fibulae are quite diverse: the Early Roman type «Aucissa», the «ocular» of Almgren 53 type, the provincial-Roman not enameled brooch, with a hinge of two racks, a round brooch with a clasp of a bow construction, highly profiled fibulae of the Black Sea types, lamellar fibulae with a S-prominent curl and with a button at the end, as well as bow garter fibulae. In separate burials glass vessels and Terra sigillata plate have been found which helped to clarify the dating.

In total, 38 burials from the Maeotian burial grounds of the Kuban and the Lower Don were analyzed. Among them 10 assemblages belong to the first half of the 1st century AD., 17 — to the second half of this century, 8 — to the 1st — beginning of the 2nd century AD., 1 — to the first half of the 2nd century AD. and only 2 burials date widely — the 2nd century. The main period of existence of the armlets with the conical cones at the ends among the Kuban Maeotians, as, however, on the Don, within the 1st to beginning the 2nd centuries AD. The burials of the 1st century BC. with such armlets are not yet known to us. Perhaps this is due to the difficulties in distinguishing assemblages of this time due to the small amount of imported items and the lack of reliable chronological indicators.
UNUSUAL BURIAL IN THE BARROW OF SCYTHIAN AGE NEAR ZHABOTIN VILLAGE
Authors: Kozak O. D. , Slobodуan T. I.
Published: November 2021

The funeral rite is a complex ritual process. It combines traditional worldview norms and rituals, includes various stages — the preparatory, process of burial and post-funeral actions as the funeral fest etc. From the archaeological point of view, the funeral rite is considered as the system of interrelated features which includes the funeral method, type of burial, form of the burial structure, grave goods and the remains of the buried people or animals.

Mostly the reconstruction of the funeral rite is quite simple. However, there are the burials, practically having no analogies in archaeological culture and literature. Unusual postmortem transformations on the bones that appear during the preparation process or at the time of burial are sometimes hard to be seen, even more difficult to interpret. Recently, thanks to the spread of research methods, gaining the experience and opportunities to international consultations as well as fruitful cooperation with archaeologists we began (albeit very slowly) to collect the database of «unusual» cases of rites. The vast majority of such cases can be traced at the populations of Scythian Age. The examples are decapitated accompanying persons; skull fragments with signs of scalping and deliberate destruction; possibly boiled human bones found on the ash hills of the Bielsk hill-fort etc.

From this point of view the Early Scythian grave in the barrow 524 near Zhabotin village in the basin of the Tyasmin River is undoubtedly interesting. The primary burial (N 1) was completely destroyed and has no traces of any skeleton. Our paper is focused on the anthropological study of human remains from the other grave.

This is the burial of teenager aged 13—15 with the body of very gracile structure. Features on the skeleton indicate poor health from early childhood. The teenager suffered from frequent prolonged illnesses or starvation.

The process of preparing the body for burial in this case is very complicated. The body and a wooden platform located near grave were exposed to low-temperature fire (100—200 °C). One can assume that the body was placed on the platform. There are no reasons yet to determine the motive of such rite — the ritual cleaning the wooden structure or body by fire or the purposeful process of mummification by low-temperature drying of the body on a smoldering fire. Spectrometric analysis of the black plaque on the skull fragments confirms the presence of mummified organic tissues of the human body. Cases of this type of mummification are known from ethnographic sources. The incision in the skull may have been caused by a procedure to clean the bones of soft tissue or by cutting certain tendons before burial.

Until other similar cases would be found in similar cultural milieu the purpose and exact nature of the manipulation with the child’s body in the barrow near Zhabotin remain unknown.
TREPANATION IN THE SARMATIANS OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION (Revisiting its Causes and Origins)
Authors: Pererva E. V.
Published: November 2021

Skull trepanation of the is one of the most frequently performed operations on human skull by modern and ancient surgeons. Trepanation is often associated in the scientific literature with such widespread manipulations in ancient peoples’ bodies as deliberate head or extremities deformation, scalping, artificial scarification, decapitation and truncation of limbs, etc. Nowadays, it is known that trepanation is therapeutic or ritual manipulation done in vivo or posthumous. Also skull trepanation is performed by various techniques. The definition of all these criteria allows anthropologists to evaluate the nature of the development of medical knowledge of ancient societies, to determine the degree of technical sophistication of ancient doctors, to understand the traditions and customs of peoples who lived on earth in the distant past.

The paper is an attempt to summarize and consider cases of craniotomy on craniological materials dating back to the Sarmatian era. Evaluation of the described fixed manipulations from the point of view of the technique of carrying out the operations and the reasons for their conduct is also given in the study. An attempt was made to find the sources of the spread of the tradition of skull trepanation in the nomadic peoples of the Early Iron Age who inhabited the Lower Volga region.
HORSE FRONTLET PLATES FROM HORSE FRONTLETS FROM NOVOLABINSKY GRAVE 71 AND KURGANS NEAR THE VILLAGE OF GLINOE AS AN INDICATOR OF CONTACTS BETWEEN THE LOWER DNIESTR REGION AND THE KUBAN REGION
Authors: Raev B. A.
Published: November 2021

This publication presents an assemblage from a horse burial excavated in 2011 in the cemetery of the 4th Novolabinsky settlement in the Kuban region. Six horses placed in a pit, were accompanied by several sets of riding harness. It included one bit with straight check-pieces, C-shaped check-pieces, bridle decorations, breastgirth ornaments and three frontlets, each with a hook, two of them have zoomorphic ends. The closest parallels to the horse frontlets from the Bolshoi Kurgan of Vasyurinskaya Gora allow us to attribute the Novolabinsk grave to the 2nd century BC.

A series of eight similar frontlets without zoomorphic dйcor was found in kurgans near the village of Glinoe in Transnistria. The excavators dated the assemblages to the period from the first half of the 3rd century ВС to the first half of the 2nd century BC. Meanwhile, during this period there was a significant gap in 20—30 years when frontlets were not found in the graves. Considering the typological closeness of the Transnistrian and Kuban frontlets, the chronological gap looked questionable. Re-evaluation of the data of the Tiraspol kurgans, and an analysis of the grounds for their dating revealed that the authors of their initial publication assigned the materials to 15—90 years older. Assemblages with frontlets from kurgans near the village of Glinoe, according to the revised dating, make up a compact group, and a time period between the earliest and latest burials was no more than 50—60 years, from the first decade to the third quarter of the 2nd century BC.

The revision and specification of the dates of the Tiraspol kurgans reduces to a minimum the time gap between the graves with frontlets in the Transnistria and the graves with frontlets in the Kuban region. Such a chronology confirms the possibility of a hypothesis formulated in 2016 by A. V. Symonenko, according to which a part of the Tiraspol elite returned to the native lands of the North-Western Ciscaucasia. It was in the Kuban region, when zoomorphic decorative elements, as a result of an influence of the antique centers of the Black Sea region, appeared on frontlets with hook. The high quality of the frontlets from Kuban region, expressed not only in the dйcor but in the complicated technique of combining several metals (iron, silver, bronze, and gold) in the same object, was due to their manufacturing in the Bosporus workshops.