bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Refrains of Friendship in Young Children's Postdigital Play
Authors: Pettersen Kenneth , Ehret Christian
Published: January 2024

Today, digital media technologies are ubiquitous and mundane, making the relationship between digital and analog messy and porous. This postdigital condition prompts new analyses of how young children's local encounters with digital media technologies unfold, and how their relationships with digital media technologies carry on after they leave their devices. While sociomaterial approaches to literacy are apt to study how such messy literacies are enacted through singular events, they struggle to account for consistencies that emerge across events. Plugging into the concept of the refrain, we explore how felt consistencies were produced and scored two boys’ friendship through and across events as they watched YouTube, played Minecraft, and played with construction playthings. We find that felt refrains of “dwelling in novelty” were enacted, referring to the set-up of conditions where materialities acted together to produce affectively intense moments of surprise. As moments accumulated, deeply felt friendships were produced over time.
Effects of Stimulant Treatment on Changes in Brain Activation During Reward Notifications in Drug Naïve Youth With ADHD
Authors: Ivanov Iliyan , Krone Beth , Schulz Kurt , Shaik Riaz B. , Parvaz Muhammad A. , Newcorn Jeffrey H.
Published: January 2024

Background:

Research examining the potential effects of stimulant exposure in childhood on subsequent development of substance use disorder (SUD) have focused on differences in the brain reward system as a function of risk.

Methods:

18 drug naïve children ages 7 to 12 years (11 High Risk [ADHD + ODD/CD]; 7 Low Risk [ADHD only]), underwent fMRI scans before and after treatment with mixed amphetamine salts, extended release (MAS-XR). We examined correlations between clinical ratings and fMRI activation at baseline and following treatment as a function of risk status.

Results:

High Risk children had higher activation than Low Risk children at baseline during both the Reward and Surprising Non-Reward conditions. Treatment produced strong differential effects on brain activation pertinent to group and reward outcome.

Conclusions:

Findings support the hypothesized role of reward mechanisms in SUD risk, and suggest that stimulant treatment may have differential effects on reward processing in relation to SUD risk.
Bilateral central retinal vein occlusion following COVID-19 vaccination: Cause or coincidence?
Authors: Matri Khaled El , Werda Slim , Chebbi Zouheir , Saidane Rahma , Doukh Meryem , Choura Racem , Falfoul Yousra , Limaiem Rim , Matri Leila El
Published: January 2024

Aim

To report a case of sequential bilateral ischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) following the third dose of anti-COVID 19 vaccination.

Methods

Observational case report.

Results

A 73-year-old Caucasian male patient, with no known medical history, complained of sudden vision loss in his right eye (RE) 18 days following the third dose of Pfizer-BioNTech anti-COVID 19 vaccination. Ten days later, he suffered from sudden vision loss in his left eye (LE). Best-corrected visual acuity was limited to counting fingers at 50cm in both eyes. Fundus examination of both eyes revealed signs of ischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) with diffuse superficial and deep retinal hemorrhages in all four quadrants. Diagnosis was confirmed of fluorescein angiography. Optical coherent tomography (OCT) showed an ischemic hyperreflectivity and disorganization of the inner retinal layers in both eyes with significantly increased central macular thickness, associated to intraretinal fluid accumulation in LE. An urgent systemic assessment was requested. A mild hypertension was discovered and the rest of the work up was unremarkable.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, we report the first case of bilateral CRVO in a healthy patient after anti-COVID 19 vaccination. CRVO occurred few days following third shot of vaccine followed by a sequential CRVO in the fellow eye in a patient with recently diagnosed very mild hypertension and no thrombo-embolic risk factors, strongly suggesting a relationship between both events. Nowadays, CRVO should be kept in mind as a potential side effect of Covid-19 vaccination and should be added to the spectrum of their ophthalmic complications.
Caveolin-1, a Determinant of the Fate of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Chai Tina , Yue Wei , Xu Peng , Gildea John , Felder Robin
Published: January 2024

Background:

The scaffolding protein, caveolin-1 (Cav-1), participates in multiple cellular functions including promotion of sodium excretion from the kidney. Loss of expression of Cav-1 is associated with tumorigenesis of various types of cancer. We have shown the potential link between hypertension and breast cancer via abnormal function of the G protein–coupled receptor kinase type 4 (GRK4).

Objective:

The current studies tested the hypothesis that Cav-1 acts as a tumor-suppressive factor in breast cancer cells and enhances the sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of the type 1 dopaminergic receptor (D1R).

Methods:

Michigan Cancer Foundation (MCF) MCF-7 cells stably expressing a Cav-1/mCherry fusion protein or mCherry alone were used as models to examine the effect of Cav-1 on cell growth, apoptosis, and senescence. Cell proliferation was determined by cell counting, cell cycle analysis (flow cytometry), and BrdU incorporation. Apoptosis was determined using the Cell Death Detection ELISA kit from Roche Diagnosis. Senescence was determined using the senescence associated beta galactosidase (SA-β-gal) assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Western blot analysis was used to measure activation of signaling pathway molecules. All statistical analyses were conducted with Microsoft Excel.

Results:

Overexpression of Cav-1 in MCF-7 cells reduced cellular growth rate. Both inhibition of proliferation and induction of cell death are contributing factors. Multiple signaling pathways were activated in Cav-1-expressing MCF-7 cells. Activation of Akt was prominent. In MCF-7-expressing Cav-1 (MCF-7 Cav-1) cells, the levels of phosphorylated Akt at S473 and T308 were increased 28- and 8.7-fold, respectively. Instead of protecting cells from apoptosis, extremely high levels of activated Akt resulted in increased levels of ROS which led to apoptosis and senescence. The tumor-suppressive effect plus downregulation of GRK4 makes Cav-1-expressing MCF-7 cells significantly more sensitive to the inhibitory effect of the D1R agonist, SKF38393.

Conclusion:

Caveolin-1 acts as a tumor-suppressing factor via extreme activation of Akt and down regulation of survival factors such as GRK4, survivin, and cyclin D1.
Familial Psychomotor Delay of an Uncommon Cause: Type II Congenital Methemoglobinemia
Authors: Barakizou Hager , Chaieb Selma
Published: January 2024

Methemoglobinemia is due to oxidization of divalent ferro-iron of hemoglobin to ferri-iron of methemoglobin (MetHb) which is incapable of transferring oxygen to tissues. This disease may be acquired by intoxication with oxidizing agents or inherited with a mutation of CYB5R3, the gene coding for the methemoglobin reductase or cytochrome B5 reductase 3 responsible for the reduction of MetHb to hemoglobin. We report the case of 2 sisters aged respectively of 15 and 8 months. They were born to a second-degree consanguineous marriage with a history of precocious and unexplained deaths in 3 relatives. Both sisters presented neurological features including psychomotor retardation, microcephaly, and axial hypotonia. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging revealed cerebral atrophy in both cases associated with hypoplasia of the corpus callosum in the younger child. The association of neurological disability, cyanosis, and hypoxemia prompted a search for methemoglobinemia, with MetHB levels respectively of 26% and 15.8%in the 2 sisters. Initial treatment was based on methylene blue, then ascorbic acid. The genetic study revealed a c.463+8G>C mutation of CYB5R3 confirming the diagnosis of methemoglobinemia type II. The diagnosis of methemoglobinemia, although rare, should be considered in the presence of psychomotor retardation with cyanosis and subacute onset hypoxemia, especially in the presence of a family history.
Who has access to a career in Western classical music? Building a tool to evaluate intersectionality in barriers to music education and careers
Authors: Trienekens Sandra , Escobar Campos Juan Carlos , Schutte Lili , Bremmer Melissa
Published: January 2024

This article reflects on the “Hiddenness Index” we developed, implemented, and evaluated for Concertgebouworkest Young (Young), the youth orchestra of the Dutch Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra (Concertgebouworkest) for musicians with “hidden talents.” “Hiddenness” alludes to various barriers that young musicians aspiring to a career in Western classical music may face, due to their social identity and positioning. These barriers may cause their talent to remain underdeveloped, invisible, or undiscovered; that is, “hidden.” We developed the Index in response to Concertgebouworkest’s request for an “evaluation and learning tool.” Informed by intersectionality theory, it is an alternative to quantitative research into arts and culture, which takes a single-axis approach to the explanation of inequality in access to cultural production and participation. The first phase of our design-based research consisted of a theory- and practice-based mapping of the dimensions of “hiddenness.” The outcome was that Geographical, Socio-economic, Family networks, Ethno-cultural, and Confidence-support dimensions should form the basis of the Hiddenness Index, which was constructed as a composite indicator. In the second phase of research, the Index was applied to the backgrounds of Young participants. The evaluation of the Index’s strengths and weaknesses was central to the third phase. Complementing qualitative research, the Index offered a statistical way to evaluate the extent to which Young participants’ talents were hidden and which dimensions of hiddenness were most prevalent at the group level. The Index affirmed and illustrated intersectionality theory, including the way two or more dimensions can compensate or reinforce one another. Through the use of the Index, the Young team gained a better understanding of intersectionality, which enabled them to fine-tune the selection process for future cohorts. The Index helped the team members to check their preconceptions (unconscious bias) and made them more aware of and able to attend to the different needs of individual participants.
Development and performance research of a new-type air foil bearing with combined bump foils
Authors: Shao CongPeng , Xu HaoJie , Li ShuangMin , Wang Xu , An Qi
Published: January 2024

In this paper, a new-type air foil bearing with combined bump foils is proposed. The bump foils are arranged and combined in the axial direction. The local and global stiffness of the bearing can be adjusted by the combination of the bump foils. Mechanical analysis of the bearing is carried out, and the mechanical model of the elastic deformation of the flat foil and the bump foils is constructed. Combined with non-isothermal Reynolds equation and energy equation, a fluid–solid coupling numerical calculation model is constructed. Through the actual bearing test research, the reliability of the established theoretical model is verified. On this basis, combined with the specific example, the influences of the structural parameters of the new-type foil bearing on its mechanical properties and lubrication performance are studied, and the specific influence curves are obtained. It is also found that the new-type bearing proposed in this paper has good adaptability to the shaft deflection. When the shaft is deflected, the bump foil at the axial end increases the minimum film height by generating large elastic deformation, which can help to avoid wear caused by direct contact between the shaft and the foil.
Numerical and experimental study of the relationship between friction area and temperature of aluminium-based brake disc
Authors: Chen Youjie , Yao ManQi , Yang Junying , Fu Rong , Su Linlin , Gao Fei
Published: January 2024

Clarifying the relationship between friction area and brake disc temperature is helpful to optimizing the brake pad structure. Aluminium-based brake disc temperature paired with circular friction blocks of different diameters (45, 60, and 65 mm) is obtained by the TM-I-type reduced-scale inertial braking dynamometer at braking speeds 60–160 km/h and braking force 1.66 kN. On the basis, the thermo-mechanical coupling model of friction pair is established to simulate the evolution of brake disc temperature by ADINA finite-element software, and the thermal energy gradient factor is proposed. Results indicate that the numerical brake disc temperature agrees with the measured, validating the numerical model. The friction area caused the difference of braking pressure, which affects the brake disc temperature. The decrease in the friction area accelerates the disc temperature rise and increases the area ratio of high-temperature zone and maximum temperature difference. The influence degree of friction area on the brake disc temperature varies with friction zone. The thermal energy gradient factor can effectively predict the distribution of temperature gradient on the disc surface.
Input inefficiencies in the hotel industry. A non-radial directional performance measurement
Authors: Hernández-Guedes Christian , Pérez-Rodríguez Jorge V , Manrique-de-Lara-Peñate Casiano
Published: January 2024

This paper investigates the inefficiencies of inputs in the hotel industry. To do this, we apply the weighted Russell directional distance model (Barros et al., 2012; Chen et al., 2014) considering an input-oriented approach. This model allows to obtain not only aggregate inefficiency measures, but also their components. In a second stage, we analyze the individual and overall efficiency measures considering several factors in a truncated Bayesian Tobit regression. The empirical analysis is based on the hotel sector of two mature Spanish destinations (the Canary and Balearic Islands). Results show that although hotels located in both regions obtain high efficiency levels, they are notably inefficient in terms of capital costs management. Furthermore, overall results show that Canarian hotels are less efficient than Balearic hotels in the management of all inputs. Finally, the type of chain and location variables appear to affect the overall and individual efficiency scores obtained by Canarian hotels.
Planetary health: Creating rapid impact assessment tools
Authors: Brousselle Astrid , Curren Megan , Dunbar Bronwyn , McDavid James , Logtenberg Rik , Ney Tara
Published: January 2024

Addressing current environmental, social, health, and democratic challenges requires projects and evaluations to be conceptualized differently. This article proposes a pathway to creating rapid impact assessment tools that consider the dimensions that matter the most to ensure positive impacts for a thriving future. This work is based on three premises for evaluation practice, which needs to: contribute to a positive ecosystem, adopt a holistic perspective, and engage participants in deliberative and democratic practices. We first review related evaluation approaches—health impact and environmental impact assessments—to learn from these experiences and avoid their pitfalls. Second, we present and illustrate how the Planetary Health Rapid Impact Assessment tools can be developed and used. This article, is intended to inspire and support policymakers, program designers, decision-makers, administrators, and evaluators willing to positively influence planetary health and introduce such tools in their projects.
Embroidering Infertility: Using Art to Reveal and Resist Technobiopower in In Vitro Fertilisation Experiences
Authors: Einboden Rochelle , Wylie Brooke , Simons Rachael , Gullick Janice
Published: January 2024

In the Western context of delayed motherhood and declining fertility, an array of fertility enhancements have emerged. While bioethical debates and literature on the technological prowess of these enhancements proliferate, it is useful to explore the lived experience of women undergoing them. This article uses Tabitha Moses’ artwork Investment, a series of embroidered hospital gowns, as a vehicle to explore lived experience of women engaging with fertility enhancements, including in vitro fertilisation. This analysis challenges dominant biomedical and corporate discourses framing fertility enhancements as benign. Using constructs of patriarchy, biopower, biopolitics (Foucault), and technobiopower (Haraway), we identify how power over women’s bodies is extended through fertility enhancements. Haraway’s notion of figuration supports the analysis. Understood as a tropic melding of semiotic and material, the figuration of The Infertile Woman offers a way to explore discursive operations of power and amid them the creation of a new form of reproductive labour.
Prevalence, severity and risk factors of psychiatric disorders amongst sexual and gender diverse young people during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review
Authors: O’Shea Jonathan , James Rachel , Nicholls Dasha , Downs James , Hudson Lee D
Published: January 2024

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence and severity of psychiatric disorders among sexual and gender diverse (SGD) young people was greater than in their heterosexual/cisgender peers. We systematically reviewed literature examining the prevalence, severity, and risk factors for psychiatric disorders among SGD young people aged 25 and under during the pandemic. Four databases (MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched. Eligibility criteria were studies assessing prevalence rates, mean symptomology scores and risk factors of psychiatric disorders using contemporaneous screening measures or diagnosis. Thirteen studies of mixed quality were identified. Most studies indicated SGD young people were at high risk of experiencing several psychiatric disorders including depressive and generalised anxiety disorder compared to the general population. This group also experienced more severe symptomology of various psychiatric disorders compared to their heterosexual/cisgender peers. Risk factors included those specific to the pandemic along with factors that led to greater risk before the pandemic. This systematic review has indicated evidence of heightened risk of psychiatric disorders among SGD young people during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important for clinicians to acknowledge the needs of SGD young people, working with them to co-develop more inclusive care as they deal with the pandemic’s fallout.
Experts’ consensus on the design of a technical communication module for vocational college students in the manufacturing sector
Authors: Luo Mingdan , DeWitt Dorothy , Alias Norlidah
Published: January 2024

In the twenty-first century one of the most significant challenges is preparing professionals to adequately communicate technical information when writing and speaking. A number of studies have been published on various aspects of technical communication (TC), but few studies in China have investigated the curriculum design for TC. In this study, expert consensus was sought to explore elements required for a TC module for vocational college students in the manufacturing sector using the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM). The FDM was employed to determine consensus among a panel of 12 experts. Two rounds of data collection were conducted to garner opinions from the experts. The first round was semi-structured interviews among five experts to design the items for the FDM questionnaire with a five-point linguistic scale. The designed FDM questionnaire was distributed to 12 experts to gather their opinions on the elements required for the TC module. The data analysis determined the consensus on the elements of the TC module in four categories: objectives, contents, learning activities, and assessment methods. Their levels of agreement were assessed to determine elements that needed to be highlighted for implementation in the classroom. These findings could be used to develop a more relevant instructional module for TC in the manufacturing sector.
Does vocalization enhance L2 formulaic sequence learning?
Authors: Hashizaki Ryotaro
Published: January 2024

In foreign or second language (L2) classrooms, learners often vocalize when learning new words. Indeed, previous studies have demonstrated that vocalization is effective for memorization and this is called the production effect (PE). Furthermore, PE has been observed in the learning of L2 word meanings as well. However, whether this can be applied to larger language items is unknown. Thus, the present study tested the effect of vocalization on learning L2 formulaic sequence (FS), a sequence of words such as collocations. To achieve this, the participants in the present study learned 90 verb–noun collocations and were tested on recognition of their forms and meanings both immediately and one week after the learning session. The result showed that vocalization enhances learning of forms and meanings of L2 FSs, and this effect is persistent over a one-week delay. This implies that PE is not affected by the nature of learned items and can be applied to larger units including L2 FSs such as collocations.
Beyond “pride or prejudice”: Conservatism, opposition to political correctness, and support for Confederate and other controversial statues
Authors: Burns Mason D. , Granz Erica L. , Williams Kipling D.
Published: January 2024

Although controversial, numerous memorials venerating the Confederacy of the American Civil War remain standing across America, and removal efforts are met with backlash. Although research has investigated how racial bias and Southerner identification predict Confederate statue/symbol support, we investigated how conservatism and opposition to political correctness (anti-PC attitudes) explain attitudes toward controversial public statues. Across Studies 1a–5 ( N = 885), results revealed that conservatives consistently reported greater anti-PC attitudes than liberals, and anti-PC attitudes predicted support for Confederate statues even after accounting for anti-Black bias. However, conservatives’ anti-PC attitudes were not applied in a principled way. In Studies 2 to 5, conservatives and participants high in anti-PC attitudes opposed the removal of Confederate statues and statues of controversial right-wing figures. However, this pattern was reversed when participants considered statues of controversial left-wing figures. Furthermore, Study 5 investigated how participants’ immediate negative reactions (e.g., moral outrage) predicted their attitudes toward removing controversial statues.
Technocratic myopia: On the pitfalls of depoliticising the future
Authors: White Jonathan
Published: January 2024

That democratic authorities are systematically focused on short-term considerations is a charge often made. This ‘democratic myopia’ thesis typically becomes the basis for advocating the empowerment of technocratic institutions, for example in economic policy. Much less examined is what one may call the technocratic myopia thesis – the possibility that technocratic institutions have their own distinctive drivers of short-termism. This article presents the case, with reference to the legitimacy forms, epistemologies and organisational structures in which technocratic authority is grounded. The suggestion is that not only may technocrats fall short of the claims to long-sightedness made of them, but that this is directly bound up in some of the core features of the technocratic method. The article goes on to discuss the implications for how contemporary societies govern the future in key domains of public policy.
Microstructural Design and Mechanical Enhancement of δ-TRIP Steel Through Mo Micro-alloying and Isothermal Bainitic Transformation
Authors: Gholambargani Mahsa , Palizdar Yahya , Khanlarkhani Ali , Najafi Soroush
Published: January 2024

This research was done to investigate third-generation Advanced High-Strength Steel (AHSS) to improve mechanical properties and reduce production costs in the automotive industry. The potential of TRIP-assisted steel has been studied to address this issue, with a special focus on δ-TRIP steels. This research studied the δ-TRIP samples, which were micro-alloyed with 0.05 and 0.30 wt.% Mo, with isothermal bainitic transformation (IBT) time parameters. Microstructural analyses were conducted using optical microscopy (OM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). The volume percentage of retained austenite (RA) phase, critical to achieving the requisite mechanical characteristics, was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD).

The analysis of the samples revealed a complex, multi-phased structure comprising δ-ferrite matrix, α-ferrite, bainite, RA, and martensite. The quantity and morphology of RA significantly influenced the resulting mechanical characteristics. The experimental results demonstrated yield stresses (YS) of 400–440 MPa, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 790–870 MPa, and total elongations to failure (TEL) of 24–34% in δ-TRIP steels containing 0.05 and 0.30 wt.% Mo alloy. The optimal combination of UTS and TEL (UTS × TEL) is achieved at an impressive 850 MPa × 32% (27200 MPa.%). This remarkable achievement was made possible by adding only 0.30 wt.% Mo and IBT, which were carried out at 450°C for 10 min. Focusing on the effects of Mo-alloy content and heat treatment duration on microstructure and mechanical characteristics, this study provided insights into enhancing the quality of δ-TRIP steel while decreasing manufacturing costs.
Mode-I and II fracture behavior of metal-to-composite bonded interfaces with a graphene nanoplatelet-reinforced structural epoxy adhesive
Authors: Javanmard Sistani Ali , Shariati Mahmoud , Zamani Pedram , da Silva Lucas FM
Published: January 2024

Epoxy adhesive joints are increasingly being used to bond structural components in automotive, marine, and aircraft bodies. However, poor fracture toughness energy and low resistance to crack growth in structural epoxy adhesives are important drawbacks of these adhesives. To overcome this challenge, this paper aims to investigate the influence of dispersing graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) into Axson-Sika Adekit A 140-1 structural epoxy adhesive on the fracture behavior of aluminum-to-glass fiber-reinforced polymer composite joints under mode-I and mode-II fracture tests. Double cantilever beam (DCB) and end-notched flexure specimens were fabricated to perform mode-I and mode-II fracture tests. For each specimen, three specimen groups including neat and graphene nanoplatelet reinforced with 0.05 wt.%, 0.1 wt.%, and 0.2 wt.% were considered. Results revealed that, for both of mode-I and mode-II tests, the optimum fracture toughness energy was obtained by inserting 0.1 wt.% of nanoparticles. By addition of 0.05 wt.% and 0.1 wt.% of GNPs, mode-I fracture toughness energy was improved by 90% and 115% compared with neat DCB specimens, while mode-II energy release rate increased by 55% and 83%, respectively. Finally, debonded surfaces were examined using optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy in order to find failure patterns and microstructural reinforcing mechanisms.
Phase-field simulation and high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscope experimental study of Martensite transformation during the disk laser quenching process
Authors: Li Chang , Feng Lei , Sun Han , Han Xing
Published: January 2024

Laser quenching has significant advantages over conventional heat treatment. The main microstructure of C30E4 steel after quenching at a specific temperature is Martensite. Accurately obtaining the microscopic characteristics of the Martensite transformation process is the key to obtaining the best material properties, which is significant to material design. In this paper, the C30E4 steel was disk-laser-quenched, the metallographic and high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscope experiment was carried out. The microstructure of the fully phase-change hardened zone, heat-affected transition zone and matrix zone after quenching was obtained. The C30E4 martensitic transformation process in-situ was obtained. The mathematical physics model of Martensite transformation from metastable to steady state was established by phase field method. The finite-element method was used to solve the model, and the quenching Martensite transformation law was obtained. The Martensite formation process in austenite grain boundaries and microstructure defects was discussed. The experimental and the numerical simulation were compared to get consistent results, which verify the validity of the calculation method. This study lays a significant foundation for effectively revealing the Martensite formation and transformation during the disk laser quenching process, and provides a theoretical basis for quantifying the influence of Martensite transformation process on material properties.
Conduction-strain model for heat transfer characterization in internal combustion engines
Authors: Dejima Kazuhito , Nakabeppu Osamu
Published: January 2024

Heat transfer between combustion gases and walls is one of the most important phenomena for internal combustion engines; however, its mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. This study proposed a new model based on one-dimensional heat conduction to characterize and predict engine heat transfer. This model assumes a conduction thickness of a thermal boundary layer determined by heat conduction and strain. Through comparison with numerical simulation, it was found that the heat flux from the conduction-strain model was comparable to that in laminar heat transfer. The heat flux calculated with the conduction-strain model is considered to be the minimum heat flux under each operating condition and engine specification. Therefore, the ratio of the measured heat flux to modeled heat flux indicates the intensity of convection and radiation, particularly turbulent mixing. It was also found that the conduction-strain model reproduced the measured heat flux well with a single coefficient, exhibiting a small error of 10.2%; meanwhile, the errors of Woschni and Annand models were greater than 20%, suggesting that the proposed model has good potential in predicting the instantaneous heat flux more accurately than conventional models.
A numerical study of ignition and flame development characteristics in GCI combustion using large eddy simulations and chemical explosive mode analysis
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Xu Chao , Zhang Yan , Yue Zongyu , Wang Chenchen , Ming Zhenyang , Cai Yuqing , Zheng Zunqing , Wang Hu , Yao Mingfa
Published: January 2024

This work investigates the ignition and flame development processes of low reactivity fuel combustion under compression ignition conditions based on the large eddy simulation approach. The chemical explosive mode analysis (CEMA) is employed to characterize the local combustion features, including gas-liquid fuel zone, auto-ignition, diffusion-assisted, extinction, cool flame and post-ignition zone, among which auto-ignition and post-ignition are found to play a key role in the overall heat release process. The local flame propagation modes in gasoline compression ignition (GCI) are determined by quantifying the relative magnitude of diffusion/chemistry at a representative progress variable in the pre-ignition zone. The results show that autoignition fronts and deflagration waves exist simultaneously in the ignition and intense high temperature heat release (HTHR) stages, but autoignition fronts dominate. In addition, the chemical kinetic processes of four heat release periods are analyzed. The heat release during the ignition period is found to be dominated by the reactions CH3+ H (+M) <=> CH4 (+M) and CH3CHO + H <=> CH2CHO + H2. The reaction CH2OH + OH <=> CH2O + H2O always plays an important role in the heat releases during the other three combustion stages including intense HTHR, moderate HTHR and post-combustion.
Platform cooperativism and freedom as non-domination in the gig economy
Authors: Christiaens Tim
Published: January 2024

While the challenges workers face in the gig economy are now well-known, reflections on emancipatory solutions in political philosophy are still underdeveloped. Some have pleaded for enhancing workers’ bargaining power through unionisation; others for enhancing exit options in the labour market. Both strategies, however, come with unintended side-effects and do not exhaust the full potential for worker self-government present in the digital gig economy. Using the republican theory of freedom as non-domination, I argue that G.D.H. Cole's 20th-century defence of guild socialism offers a promising avenue for enhancing worker autonomy in the gig economy. Platform companies rely on relational and structural domination to undermine worker autonomy, but Cole's guild socialism was specifically designed to enhance autonomy in the workplace. Following Cole's advice today would amount to a defence of worker-owned cooperative platforms. By putting workers in control of platform design and governance, cooperative platforms create new opportunities for worker autonomy. However, platform cooperativism faces serious challenges if it plans on becoming a realistic alternative to the traditional gig economy.
The Long March: The quest for valid text-based indicators of exploration and exploitation
Authors: Ugur Nazlihan , Belderbos Rene , Kelchtermans Stijn , Leten Bart
Published: January 2024

Since March outlined the importance of balancing exploration and exploitation in organizational learning, the exploration–exploitation paradigm has received substantial attention in the management literature. Recent studies have used computer-aided text analysis to construct measures of firms’ inclination towards exploration or exploitation, using the original set of keywords proposed by James G. March. We propose a structured series of tests to assess the validity of computer-aided text analysis-based measures and demonstrate that the approach used in prior studies is unlikely to deliver valid indicators. We demonstrate that an alternative approach, which relies on a larger library of keywords, including synonyms of the March keywords and selects only those keywords that are informative and that pass validity tests, delivers valid computer-aided text analysis indicators – both for unstructured (news articles) and structured text-bases (annual reports). Our study contributes to the literature on construct validity and has broader implications for the development of computer-aided text analysis-based indicators in strategy and organization research.
Achievement Goals, Imposter Syndrome, and Psychological Distress Among Female STEM Students: A Structural Equation Model
Authors: Yang Yao , Xu Chunyu , Karatas Tugce , Glass Tybresha E. , Maeda Yukiko
Published: January 2024

Psychological distress can influence a student's decision-making process regarding whether to persist in their academic journey. This study examined the influence of achievement goals and imposter syndrome on female STEM college students’ psychological distress. It involved 395 participants, with 37.72% identifying as minoritized and 44.05% as first-generation students, who completed an online survey. Findings of structural equation modeling indicated that higher imposter syndrome levels mediated the link between performance-avoidance and mastery-avoidance goals and psychological distress. Conversely, emphasizing mastery-approach goals was linked to lower imposter syndrome levels, reducing psychological distress. Multigroup analyses revealed these effects were consistent across different student groups, regardless of their minoritized status. But these effects are different between first-generation and continuing-generation college students. This suggests that educational institutions can implement strategies to support the mental wellbeing and retention of female STEM students.
Research mapping of policy network: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Tamrin Muhammad Husni , Muhafidin Didin , Nurasa Heru , Muhtar Entang Adhy
Published: January 2024

The exploration of policy network has consistently gained popularity for its use in various contemporary public administration and policy reports. Therefore, this research aims to identify and analyze the extent of research developments regarding Policy Network in the past 37 years, from 1985 to 2022 using bibliometric data. The procedure comprised collecting data from the SCOPUS database with the keyword “Policy Network,” followed by bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer software. The results showed that several studies related to the keyword have been carried out on various important issues in society, including environmental, health, economic, poverty, national security, and tourism management. The term policy network occupied a central position and was widely discussed in previous reports. Furthermore, the majority of these reports were influenced by leading authors and published in top-tier journals in the field of public administration.
Measuring Neuroplasticity in Response to Cardiovascular Exercise in People With Stroke: A Critical Perspective
Authors: De Las Heras Bernat , Rodrigues Lynden , Cristini Jacopo , Moncion Kevin , Ploughman Michelle , Tang Ada , Fung Joyce , Roig Marc
Published: January 2024

Background

Rehabilitative treatments that promote neuroplasticity are believed to improve recovery after stroke. Animal studies have shown that cardiovascular exercise (CE) promotes neuroplasticity but the effects of this intervention on the human brain and its implications for the functional recovery of patients remain unclear. The use of biomarkers has enabled the assessment of cellular and molecular events that occur in the central nervous system after brain injury. Some of these biomarkers have proven to be particularly valuable for the diagnosis of severity, prognosis of recovery, as well as for measuring the neuroplastic response to different treatments after stroke.

Objectives

To provide a critical analysis on the current evidence supporting the use of neurophysiological, neuroimaging, and blood biomarkers to assess the neuroplastic response to CE in individuals poststroke.

Results

Most biomarkers used are responsive to the effects of acute and chronic CE interventions, but the response appears to be variable and is not consistently associated with functional improvements. Small sample sizes, methodological variability, incomplete information regarding patient’s characteristics, inadequate standardization of training parameters, and lack of reporting of associations with functional outcomes preclude the quantification of the neuroplastic effects of CE poststroke using biomarkers.

Conclusion

Consensus on the optimal biomarkers to monitor the neuroplastic response to CE is currently lacking. By addressing critical methodological issues, future studies could advance our understanding of the use of biomarkers to measure the impact of CE on neuroplasticity and functional recovery in patients with stroke.
Disobeying the Leader: Creative Deviance as a Mechanism Between Psychological Ownership and Social Undermining
Authors: Shukla Jigyashu , Bennett Rebecca , Folger Robert , Kark Ronit
Published: January 2024

Many innovative products are attributable to employees disobeying the mandate of their supervisors to stop working on a creative idea, that is, creative deviance. Surprisingly, there has been a dearth of empirical research on this important construct, and the possible negative social outcomes of creative deviance remain unexplored. This research integrates psychological ownership theory and motivated information processing theory to theoretically delineate psychological ownership as an antecedent of creative deviance. We further explore social undermining as a negative outcome of creative deviance and investigate the leader–member exchange (LMX) as a boundary condition of the association between creative deviance and social undermining. In a series of three studies, we validate an existing scale for creative deviance, and utilize multiple methods to test our full moderated-mediation model. Findings suggest that creative deviance partially mediates the relationship between psychological ownership and experienced social undermining and LMX attenuates the relationship between creative deviance and experienced social undermining. Our research has important theoretical and practical implications as it explores the darker sides of creative deviance.
“Your Hands are Tied, Literally:” Mothers Navigating Relationships With Their Children While System-Involved
Authors: Boppre Breanna
Published: January 2024

This study examines mothers’ experiences and relationships with their children while incarcerated and under community supervision. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with 16 mothers/primary caregivers under community supervision in a Pacific Northwestern state. The findings highlight the complex realities mothers face at the intersections of the criminal legal and child welfare systems. Further, mothers face distinct structural and emotional barriers to maintaining relationships with their children during and following incarceration. Finally, the findings reveal the importance of mothers’ relationships with their children towards motivation for sobriety and desistance. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.
Penile Strangulation: Analysis of Postextrication Follow-Up, Sequelae, and a Review of Literature
Authors: Campbell Kevin J. , Kwenda Elizabeth P. , Bozorgmehri Shahab , Terry Russell S. , Yeung Lawrence L.
Published: January 2024

Numerous case reports exist on penile strangulation injuries and extrication methods; however, the care and long-term consequences of penile strangulation injuries have been under-reported. Our aim is to investigate the long-term outcomes and sequalae following penile strangulation injuries. The PubMed Medline database was searched using the keyword string “penile strangulation,” “penis strangulation,” and “constriction” for all studies reporting outcomes of published penile strangulation injuries. Articles were evaluated for follow-up after strangulation injury, strangulating agent, extricating agent, and sequelae of injury. Fifty-six studies resulted with reports of 100 cases of penile strangulation and extrication from January 2000 to December 2019. The mean patient age was 41 (range: 3–86) years. Twenty-four (24/100) cases reported sequalae following extrication. Follow-up ranged from 2 weeks to 7 years with median follow-up time in the 7- to 12-month grouping. Metal rings comprised 36% (36/100) of strangulation agents and 50% of reported incidents were attributed to sexual activity. To our knowledge, this is the only study focusing on long-term outcomes after penile strangulation. This review provides a summary of 56 studies that document penile strangulation injuries over the last 20 years. Although a wide array of penile strangulation injuries have been documented in the literature, reports lack secondary management and long-term outcomes after removal of the strangulation device. We recommend that providers report long-term penile strangulation outcomes for future urologic evaluations after extrication.
Mindfulness-Based Interventions Targeting Modifiable Lifestyle Behaviors Associated With Brain Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mace Ryan A. , Stauder Matthew J. , Hopkins Sarah W. , Cohen Joshua E. , Pietrzykowski Malvina O. , Philpotts Lisa L. , Luberto Christina M. , Vranceanu Ana-Maria
Published: January 2024

A systematic review and meta-analysis investigated randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) targeting lifestyle behaviors commonly associated with brain health in adults. Data sources included Ovid Medline, Ovid PsycINFO, CINAHL [EBSCO], Embase, Cochrane Library [Ovid], Web of Science, and https://ClinicalTrials.gov . Studies were screened using Covidence 2.0. A total of 79 published RCTs of MBIs for adults (18+, patient and non-patient populations) targeting one or more lifestyle behavior (physical activity, sleep, diet, alcohol use, tobacco cessation, and social and mental activities) met eligibility criteria. MBIs were associated with reduced sleep disturbance (40/54 RCTs; 3537 participants; SMD = −.53; 95% CI = −.74 to −.32; I 2 = 78%), increased physical activity (9/17 RCTs analyzed; 685 participants; SMD = .72; 95% CI = .04 to 1.40; I 2 = 89%), improved tobacco cessation (8/12 RCTs; 1234 participants; OR = 2.11; 95% CI = 1.12 to 3.97; I 2 = 55%), and lowered alcohol use (4/6 RCTs; 261 participants; SMD = −.39; 95% CI = −.45 to −.32; I 2 = 0%). This review found moderate to high-quality evidence for MBIs targeting sleep, physical activity, alcohol use, and tobacco cessation. Heterogeneity for these outcomes and insufficient data to analyze diet, mental activities, and cognitive functioning limit our ability to draw definitive conclusions about the effects of MBIs on brain health.
Exploring cooling of PV panels based on metallic and nonmetallic nanofluids: An experimental study
Authors: Ebaid Munzer SY , Ghrair Ayoup M , Batarseh Feras , Roscow James , Bowen Christopher R
Published: January 2024

An outdoor experimental study investigated the cooling of photovoltaic (PV) panels using nano-fluids containing metallic (calcium carbonate, CaCO3) and non-metallic (ferro-magnetite, Fe3O4) particles. The study compared the solar power output and efficiency of PV panels cooled by various nano-fluids, as well as uncooled and water-cooled systems, under laminar and turbulent flow conditions with flow rates ranging from 1000 to 7000 mL/min. Aluminum heat exchangers (460 mm in length, 10 mm in outer diameter, and 10 mm in thickness) were attached to the rear surface of each PV cell, enabling the analysis of cell temperature, thermal performance, and electrical performance. The use of CaCO3and Fe3O4nano-fluids notably reduced the average cell surface temperature compared to uncooled and water-cooled systems. Fe3O4nano-fluid, in particular, excelled due to its high thermal conductivity, which resulted in an improved heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number when compared to air and water cooling. The electrical performance, power output, and efficiency of the PV cells all improved when cooling systems were employed in contrast to the uncooled condition. Among the available cooling methods, Fe3O4nano-fluid stood out for its superior results, thanks to its exceptional thermal conductivity.
A multi-objective collaborative optimization method for excavator working devices based on knowledge engineering
Authors: Lu Zhe , Lin Shuwen , Chen Jianxiong , Gu Tianqi , Xie Yu , Zhao Zihao
Published: January 2024

To enhance the excavator performance considering the digging force and boom lift force under typical working conditions, this paper aims to solve the complex multiobjective optimization of the excavator by proposing a new knowledge-based method. The digging force at multiple key points is utilized to characterize the excavator’s performance during the working process. Then, a new optimization model is developed to address the imbalanced optimization quality among subobjectives obtained from the ordinary linear weighted model. The new model incorporates the loss degree relative to the optimal solution of each subobjective, aiming to achieve a more balanced optimization. Knowledge engineering is integrated into the optimization process to improve the optimization quality, utilizing a knowledge base incorporating seven different types of knowledge to store and reuse the information related to optimization. Furthermore, a knowledge-based multiobjective algorithm is proposed to perform the knowledge-guided optimization. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed knowledge-based method outperforms existing methods, resulting in an average increase of 15.1% in subobjective values.