bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Build quality evaluation of a series of lattice structures of AlSi10Mg using X-ray tomography
Authors:   Stellenbosch University, Du Plessis Anton ,   The University of Texas at El Paso, MacDonald Eric ,   Youngstown State University, Wysocki Bartlomiej ,   Stellenbosch University, Tshibalanganda Muofhe ,   Stellenbosch University, Wells Carlyn ,   Youngstown State University, Cortes Pedro ,   Youngstown State University, Yelamanchi Bharat
Published: February 2023

Additive manufacturing is a manufacturing technology that has grown from prototyping applications to the production of end-use parts in various industries. It is today possible to produce complex-shaped parts such as cellular or lattice structures in various popular metal alloys relevant to engineering applications. These intentionally designed porous metamaterials allow unique properties that have applications in next-generation aerospace components and medical implants, amongst others. The wide adoption of lattice structures has been in part held back by quality concerns in the manufactured material, including porosity, surface roughness, microcracks, residual stress and microstructural nuances. These issues are generic to all AM materials, but at the scale of lattice structures they have a stronger influence on mechanical and other performance; and are more critical to the successful manufacturing and final application. While lattices have widely studied in the last few years, few comparisons of build quality exist for different designs or architectures. In this work, using the laser powder bed fusion process with AlSi10Mg alloy, we report an extensive and detailed characterization of the build quality of a range of different cellular architectures, utilizing X-ray computed tomography (CT). Some key conclusions are made that can be used to inform future designs, enhancing build success and design confidence. Some recommendations are made regarding the use of CT for lattice structure characterization.
Scanning strategies for composite overwrapped high pressure vessels for hydrogen
Authors:   RayScan Technologies GmbH, Jatzlau Philipp ,   RayScan Technologies GmbH, Von Eisenhart-Rothe Kayo ,   Fraunhofer-Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems (IMWS), Schäuble Ralf ,   RayScan Technologies GmbH, Sauerwein Christoph
Published: February 2023

Against the background of climate change, hydrogen from renewable energy sources is considered one of the keys to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A crucial challenge in the use of hydrogen as an energy carrier is its transport and storage, which for efficiency reasons should be carried out at the highest possible pressure. Due to its specific strength, CFRP is an ideal material for pressure vessels that have to withstand high loads at up to 1000 bar and still be easy to handle due to being relatively lightweight. To this end, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research is funding the development of innovative concepts for the design, manufacture and analysis of the vessels in the H2-HD project (FKZ: 03ZZ0743B). In addition to manufacturing processes, microstructure analysis and FE modelling, the development of a fast, efficient scan concept using 3D X-ray CT is a central element of the project. One aspect is the characterization of local properties resulting from the filament winding process, such as fiber angle deviations, pores, etc. after different stages of manufacturing and testing. Furthermore, critical vessel regions and typical defect patterns are specifically investigated with different scanning methods and suitable scanning strategies are derived from this. The final result is a detailed concept for a CT system for 100% quality monitoring of CFRP high pressure vessels.
Correlative Laser Confocal Microscopy Study and Multimodal 2D/3D Registration as Ground Truth for X-ray Inspection of Internal Defects in LPBF Manufacturing
Authors:   École Polytechnique de Montréal, Desrosiers Catherine ,   École de Technologie Supérieure [ETS], Letenneur Morgan ,   National Research Council of Canada (NRC), Bernier Fabrice ,   École Polytechnique de Montréal, Cheriet Farida ,   École de Technologie Supérieure [ETS], Brailovski Vladimir ,   Object Research Systems, Piché Nicolas ,   École Polytechnique de Montréal, Guibault François
Published: February 2023

In a time when engineers working in the additive manufacturing field are interested in the standardized x-ray computed tomography (XCT) image analysis workflow, an insight into a higher resolution imaging and ground truth validation become invaluable. In this work, we propose a repeatable and automated 2D/3D registration protocol between an XCT volume and a laser confocal microscopy image, thus allowing a correlative multiscale validation and comparison study of the flaw detection capabilities and uncertainties of an XCT analysis of additivelymanufactured parts. Once the spatial correlation achieved, a comparison study evaluating the level of confidence of the flaw detection and measurement computed from the XCT volume is presented. To this end, a pore-to-pore comparison between the XCT volume and the laser confocal image, which offers a 4 times higher resolution as well as a better signal to noise ratio, is carried out and various pore morphology metric distributions are compared. The generality of the proposed approach is ensured by the use of printed Ti64 LPBF samples with different levels of the intentionally seeded and controlled porosity.
Non-destructive evaluation of patient-specific cranial implants using microcomputed tomography
Authors:   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Wittner Claudia ,   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Kastner Johann ,   Medizinische Universität Graz, Schäfer Ute ,   Medizinische Universität Graz, Tödtling Martin ,   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Trieb Klemens ,   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Senck Sascha
Published: February 2023

The combination of computer – aided design (CAD) techniques based on computed tomography (CT) data support the planning of patient – specific implants massively. During the last decade, Geometric Morphometric (GMM) methods utilizing thin – plate splines (TPS) were increasingly used to estimate missing data in clinical cases that are characterized by large skull defects featuring partly and completely missing midsagittal planes. Applying a dedicated reconstruction protocol, GMM methods enable the design of personalized cranial implants that accurately reproduce the bone thickness of the affected area. In this study we applied a TPS based reconstruction approach to design a cranial implant of a clinical case that features the bone thickness distribution in the affected region. This virtual model was subsequently additively manufactured (AM) by fused filament fabrication (FFF) using polyetheretherketone (PEEK). The 3D - printed implant was non – destructively investigated via X-ray microcomputed tomography (XCT). The nominal – actual comparison between the designed virtual model and XCT scan of the final implant showed an average deviation in terms of root mean square (RMS) error of 0.168 mm. Additionally, a pore analysis of the 3D printed implant was carried out showing a porosity of 0.07%.
Phase Change Material numerical simulation: enthalpy-porosity model validation against liquid fraction data from a computed tomograph
Authors:   Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts (HSLU), Guarda Dario ,   Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts (HSLU), Wahli Fabian ,   Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts (HSLU), Gwerder Damian ,   Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts (HSLU), Martinez-Garcia Jorge ,   Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts (HSLU), Stamatiou Anastasia ,   Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts (HSLU), Worlitschek Jörg ,   University of Padova (UNIPD), Mancin Simone ,   Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts (HSLU), Schütz Philipp
Published: February 2023

Nowadays, Latent Thermal Energy Storage systems (LTESs) are becoming the key enabling technology for the achievement of the 2050 EU targets on energy savings and CO2 emission reduction. LTESs are based on Phase Change Materials (PCMs), which, during the liquid-solid phase change, can store and release a great amount of thermal energy compared to sensible systems. Several studies have already been conducted to properly design LTESs based on PCMs and many of those aimed at developing reliable numerical tools. The main way to model the phase change with a CFD approach is through the use of the enthalpyporosity method, which has already been successfully validated in several articles, especially against the average PCM temperature. However, due to the experimental complexity, the liquid fraction evolution is hard to be measured and monitored and only symmetrical systems could have been tested so far. Computed Tomography (CT) can become a strong and reliable tool to experimentally evaluate the liquid fraction profile during either the melting, and solidification process in real geometries becoming extremely useful to validate the numerical models. In the present study, a first attempt to combine the described experimental-numerical approach is proposed: an enthalpy-porosity model was developed and validated against liquid fraction data from a computed tomography system. The liquid fraction profile of an ice cylinder melting at ambient temperature was measured using the CT and then compared against the numerical results. The results show the promising capabilities of the proposed method.
Multi-Source-CT for inline inspection of extruded profiles
Authors:   Fraunhofer IIS, Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Rettenberger Simon ,   Fraunhofer IIS, Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Landstorfer Peter ,   Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Herl Gabriel ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics Electron Beam and Plasma Technology (FEP), Meyer Björn ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics Electron Beam and Plasma Technology (FEP), Mattausch Gösta ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics Electron Beam and Plasma Technology (FEP), Labitzke Rainer
Published: February 2023

The market for extruded profiles for different applications (automotive, construction sector) is a big part of the plastics processing industry. Currently, the whole production process runs almost without quality checks. Only random tests are done to check the profile for its geometry, dimensions and defects. For extruded pipes and other rotation-symmetric products, there are special inline-inspection systems. However, none of these systems is capable of checking the whole inner and outer geometry of an arbitrarily formed profile. Due to this, we evaluate a concept for a multi-source-CT system, which is able to inspect the whole geometry of extruded profiles during the production process. In this work, we evaluate a concept and build a prototype system to validate the functional capability. Considerable attention is paid to the use of commercially available components because of the cost-effectiveness of the whole system. On the whole, the system comprises 16 x-ray-sources and two polygon-shaped detectors. The components are separated into two rings, each with eight x-ray sources and one detector. The rings are arranged around the extrusion line so that extruded profile traverses through the rings during the extrusion. The whole system is semi-static, which means the components are rigid relative to each other, but the system makes an eccentric movement perpendicular to the direction of extrusion. Due to this, the number of projection angles increases from 16 to about 420 projection angles, which is sufficient for reconstruction. To further increase the sampling rate, three x-ray-sources are pulsed simultaneously. Therefore, we are able to do a full 3D scan of extruded profiles with an extrusion feed of up 100 mm/sec.
Defect detectability analysis via Probability of defect detection between traditional and deep learning methods in numerical simulations
Authors:   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Yosifov Miroslav ,   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Weinberger Patrick ,   Nemak Linz GmbH, Reiter Michael ,   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Fröhler Bernhard ,   University of Antwerpen, Beenhouwer Jan De ,   University of Antwerpen, Sijbers Jan ,   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Kastner Johann ,   University of Passau, Heinzl Christoph
Published: February 2023

X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is one of the most powerful imaging techniques in non-destructive testing (NDT) for detecting, analysing and visualising defects such as pores, fibres, cracks etc. in industrial specimens. Detecting defects in X-ray images, however, is still a challenging problem, as it strongly depends on the quality of the XCT images. Numerical XCT simulation proved to be valuable in order to increase both image quality and detection performance. In this work, we thus analyse the differences between traditional segmentation techniques (i.e., k-means, watershed, Otsu thresholding) and deep learning-based methods (i.e., U-Net, V-Net, modified 3D U-Net) in terms of their defect detection capacity using virtual XCT images. For this purpose, we apply the probability of defect detection (POD) approach on simulated X-ray computed tomography data from aluminium cylinder heads. The XCT simulation tool SimCT was used to generate X-ray radiographs and respective reconstructions from a specimen series which features different well-defined defects with varying sizes, shapes and locations. To generate POD curves and to specify detection limits, the segmentation algorithms are used in predefined regions for defect detection via a hit/miss approach. A comparison and visualisation of six different types of defects is illustrated in 2D and 3D images, together with their POD curves and detection limits.
Porosity Prediction in Selective Laser Melting Combining Photodiode-based In-Process Monitoring and X-CT
Authors:   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Tao Zhengrui ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Thanki Aditi ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Goossens Louca ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Witvrouw Ann ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Vrancken Bey ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Dewulf Wim
Published: February 2023

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) currently faces challenges in consistency, complexity, and cost associated with quality ensurance. In-situ process monitoring is a potential approach to this problem. This work investigates the feasibility of using photodiodes for quality monitoring and correlates photodiode signals with X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) based on deep learning. A cube of Ti-6Al-4V grade 23 was produced with optimum energy density parameters. Porosity was analyzed using X-CT to help understand the size, shape, location, and the number of pores formed. The photodiode signals were recorded using the coaxial melt-pool monitoring system on an in-house developed LPBF machine. The photodiode signals collected during processing were segmented per layer accordingly using different window sizes. The classifiers were trained to predict the presence and location of porosities considering the inter-hatch effect. Moreover, different models were trained and compared, which will act as a baseline for further research. The results showed that using photodiode signals can yield a prediction sensitivity of 68% and an accuracy of 84% for pores with a cross-section larger than 100 μm2, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.86. These findings suggest that photodiodes can be a promising approach to quality monitoring in LPBF with sub-layer spatial resolution.
Parametric optimization of TIG welding of low alloy steel structures by comparison of microstructure and CT analysis
Authors:   Center of Science and Technology, Butt Asif
Published: February 2023

Tungsten inert Arc welding (TIG) is the most important process for welding high strength steel (HSS) alloy sheets in manufacturing industry. Typically welding parameters namely current, type of shielding gas, electrode and quality of material are the important parameters. Altering the weld parameters can achieve desired welding requirements, especially the strength and consistency of weld are determined through radiography, tensile testing for strength analysis. Optimization of the results for weldments in the case of low alloy steel sheets is based upon the relationship between current and weld strength analyzed through tensile strength analysis. The analysis is accentuated by microstructure analysis that indicates strong relationship in attaining good weld quality. The correct understanding of TIG parameters is the most important task required to obtain optimized weld of low alloy steel sheets with high quality standards for pressure vessels used for boilers in the manufacturing industry. In this study an effort is made to evaluate the existing weld parameters to attain an optimal solution in terms of strength and load bearing parameters based on the comparative analysis of CT vis-a vis microstructure analysis of TIG welding. It is therefore investigated the effects of connected parameters to obtain high quality weld in low alloy steel sheets and finalize recommendation of optimized TIG welding.
CT-based dimensional metrology developments in Brazil: Current status and outlook
Authors:   Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Baldo Crhistian Raffaelo ,   University of Padova (UNIPD), Fernandes Thiago Linhares
Published: February 2023

Since the 1980s Computed Tomography (CT) has been used in many industrial sectors for non-destructive inspection, including flaw detection, failure analysis, and assembly analysis. Back to the 2000s CT has become a metrology tool for dimensioning and tolerancing analysis as well, in which some topics have gained attention of researchers, such as the traceability of a measurement result and the evaluation of the measurement uncertainty. In Brazil, the first two CT systems for dimensional applications were installed about a decade ago in two research centers. For years these two CT infrastructures for dimensional metrology allowed companies of different segments to benefit from the technique and made it possible for researchers to be involved in the field of CT for dimensional metrology. More recently, those promising initiatives have been drastically reduced for reasons such as the obsolescence of those CT infrastructures, despite the significant research efforts that have been observed in other venues. To reverse this negative outlook associated with the field of CT dimensional metrology in Brazil, this paper outlines an integrative framework for collaborative research and development in the subject, which encourages measures, e.g., to fund basic and applied researches, to train and educate people, and to support industries through measurement services and bespoke solutions.
Usage of 3D U-net Convolutional Neural Network for the inspection of aerospace components
Authors:   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Yosifov Miroslav ,   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Weinberger Patrick ,   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Fröhler Bernhard ,   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Plank Bernhard ,   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Kastner Johann ,   University of Passau, Heinzl Christoph
Published: February 2023

This work illustrates the use of deep learning methods applied on X-ray computed tomography (XCT) datasets to segment pores and fibres in reinforced composite components from the aeronautic industry by binary semantic segmentation. We first apply data pre-processing, and then employ a modified 3D U-Net, representing a convolutional neural network. Tweaking hyper-parameters, we have reached an optimal model for our datasets. One of the models has reached 99% segmentation accuracy when testing using a Dice function. In our experiments, pores and fibres in XCT datasets of aerospace components, more specifically of glass and carbon fibre reinforced composites, were segmented and analysed. In order to compare this modified 3D U-Net architecture with segmentation methods currently used in the industry, the datasets were also input to conventional Otsu thresholding. Our results shows that modified 3D U-Net performs better than Otsu thresholding, especially on the segmentation of small pores. Modified 3D U-Net also showed reasonable prediction accuracy when testing with an optimised model which was trained with a low number of dataset both for fibre and pore segmentation.
N-Dimensional Image Encoding on Quantum Computers
Authors:   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Semmler Simon ,   Fraunhofer Institut für Integrierte Schaltungen IIS/NCTS, Dremel Kilian ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Suth Daniel ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Lang Thomas ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Basting Melanie ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Firsching Markus ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Fuchs Theobald ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Kasperl Stefan ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Prjamkov Dimitri ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Weule Mareike ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Schielein Richard
Published: February 2023

Quantum computing is currently one of the fastest emerging branches of information processing due to its theoretical computation powers exceeding conventional computers by far. However, currently well-known quantum-powered algorithms are of theoretical nature and its effect on practical problems has yet to be discovered. This work reviews current approaches in context of the applicability of quantum computing for the domain of image processing with respect to 3D computed tomography. It focuses on the encoding of n-dimensional images on a quantum computer and also the quantum measurement process, i.e., the image read-out. First results show that while the encoding is indeed highly efficient and is well-suited for representing 3D voxel data as obtained from computed tomography, the decoding to a classical representation is rather expensive. The latter part is also very sensitive to quantum hardware noise as was evidenced by both noisy simulator and real quantum hardware experiments.
Toward denoising of 3D CT scans with few data
Authors:   University of Antwerpen, Liang Zhihua ,   Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Heteren Anneke H. van ,   University of Antwerpen, Sijbers Jan ,   University of Antwerpen, Beenhouwer Jan De
Published: February 2023

We propose a new method for denoising of 3D CT scans with few data. Like any other form of imaging data, CT scans are susceptible to noise and artifacts. Noise in CT scan images is not only stochastic, but can be frequency dependent and introduced by the measuring device itself or by signal processing algorithms. Unfortunately, most state-of-the-art Deep Learning methods are mainly focusing on denoising random noise only. Therefore, we propose a new method for denoising 3D CT scans, which is based on a 3D AutoEncoder, a GAN, and self-supervised learning. Our method works not only on random noise but also the frequency dependent noise. It exploits the fact that, in a CT scan image, an object’s features are similar between different regions and easy to be encoded. In contrast, the features of structured noise are very different from the object, while the random noise is pixel-wise independent. Our method can be trained on few data, with or without ground truth, and is computationally inexpensive. Our experiments show that our method outperforms other methods in terms of several metrics, and outperforms most state-of-the-art methods in terms of computational efficiency.
High Energy CT applications for cultural heritage
Authors:   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Böhnel Michael ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Reims Nils ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Prjamkov Dimitri ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Salamon Michael
Published: February 2023

The application of computed tomography (CT) in the field of cultural heritage is no new concept and widely applied mainly by usage of medical or industrial CT systems. Nevertheless, CT setups based on conventional X-ray tubes with energy spectra up to 600 kV face several limitations considering the overall maximum specimen dimension due to the available foot print of the CT system and therefore scanning volume (approx. < 1 m x 1 m x 1m), object weight (load limit of the manipulation system, usually < 100 kg) and material properties, e.g. highly absorbing metal components. To overcome these boundaries High Energy CT systems with a linear accelerator (linac) radiation source with up to 9 MeV spectra prove to be a successful tool to push the limits of conventional CT and to provide a comprehensive extension for a new class of cultural heritage objects. In this paper, we demonstrate the beneficial application of high-energy photons for the digitization of historic objects and artifacts, as well as strategies for democratizing access to this still expensive but valuable technology for digital preservation, research and exhibition.
Development of energy-dispersive diffraction and grayscale quantification in polychromatic synchrotron tomography
Authors:   Argonne National Laboratory, Kastengren Alan Leonard
Published: February 2023

Synchrotron white-beam tomography has important applications for temporally evolving or highly absorbing samples. The polychromatic nature of the white beam results in beam hardening artifacts unless measures are taken to correct these artifacts. Moreover, while the absorption tomography data show the morphology of samples, for some applications, the ability to probe crystallographic phase would enhance both the interpretation of the tomography data and the overall understanding of the sample. This work will describe developments at the 7-BM beamline of the Advanced Photon Source to both effectively correct for the polychromatic nature of the white beam and to provide energy-dispersive diffraction data which can be coupled with white-beam tomography.
Image Enhancement in Lens-Coupled Detectors for industrial CT systems
Authors:   Sharif University of Technology, Saedpanah Amirhossein ,   University of Tehran, Hosseini Seyed Mohammad Hossein ,   Sharif University of Technology, Movahed Hossein Modarresi ,   University of Qom, Mohammadkazemi Abbas
Published: February 2023

These days, lens-coupled detectors have been taken into consideration due to their cost effectiveness, but they have some disadvantages relative to other detectors such as flat panel detectors. Meanwhile, white spot noise and light spreading due to optical distance, will result in reduction of the quality of the reconstructed object in computed tomography applications. In this paper, due to limited power of classical methods, to fix these dysfunctions, we have learned a Neural network for improvement of the images.
Transmitting, mutational and pandemic nature of corona: the role of transposons, is1: tn:is1 and crispr- cas-9
Authors: Brahma Nitosh Kumar
Published: February 2023

Corona/ Covid19/Omicron / SARS/ MARS similar viruses have no individual genetic mechanism to make them encapsulated spore forming microbes similar to bacteria, fungi, algal blooms involved spreading allergy. Transmission in all such cases need fluid dynamics of water and air. This flow does not require any support of matrix, i.e., nano particles of carbon, silicates and dust of animate inanimate molecules. They enter into lung alveoli surface epithelial cell, adhere on the surface of body saliva, originated due to cold and other infections. In support of ACE-I and II (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme I and II). So, there are two releasing mechanisms are existing in corona infection; one is the release of corona virus from the alveoli cells with matrix binds of one co-morbid patients directly to other healthy recipient at the distance of 6 m in a closed environment by its self-development irritation and allergy, as received by sudden irritating smoke developed from kitchen, pollen, that grows during grass cutting, cleaning and sanitization. Transcription of m-RNA, in a matrix based single corona after entering into lung alveoli starts to transcribe and translate to many molecules of corona viruses, damages alveoli cells of lung, caused due to individual physiological conditions, old (above 70 years) and young (below 40), co-morbid(sick) and healthy people at similar age groups. IS: Tn:IS), Crispr/Cas-9 DNA transposons existing in corona m-RNA starts to act during transcription, and translation
Truman Doktrini ve Marshall Planı’nın Türk Askeri Havacılığı Boyutuyla Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KORKMAZ Erdal
Published: February 2023

Türkiye, İkinci Dünya Harbi’ne girmemiş, ancak savaşın getirdiği olumsuz etkilerle karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Özellikle ülkenin her an harbe girme ihtimali Mihver ve Müttefik Devletlere karşı dengeli bir politika yürütmesine etki etmiştir. Türkiye’nin savaş sırasında izlediği aktif tarafsızlık politikası, savaştan sonra uluslararası alanda yalnız kalmasına yol açmıştır. Türkiye bu yalnızlık döneminde SSCB’nin Boğazlarda üs ve Doğu Anadolu’da toprak talepleri ile karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Bu ortamda Türkiye, SSCB’nin istekleri karşısında İngiltere ve ABD’nin desteğini sağlamaya çalışmıştır. Ancak Türkiye, savaş sırasında askeri ve ekonomik olarak çok yıpranan İngiltere’den aradığı desteği görememiştir. Bunun üzerine Türkiye, ABD’den yardım sağlamak için girişimlerde bulunmuştur.
Türkiye’nin siyasal yalnızlık içerisinde bulunduğu bir dönemde ABD, komünizmin yayılmasının önüne geçmek ve SSCB’yi çevrelemek maksadı ile önce Truman Doktrini, ardından da Marshall Planı’nı devreye sokarak Türkiye’nin de içerisinde yer aldığı bazı ülkelere askeri ve ekonomik yardım yapmayı öngörmüştür. Türkiye ile ABD’nin siyasi, askeri ve ekonomik çıkarları dâhilinde yapılan yardımlar, Türk Kara, Hava ve Deniz Kuvvetlerinin modernize edilmesi için kullanılmıştır. Özellikle havacılık ekseninde değerlendirildiğinde yardım programı; Türk Hava Kuvvetlerinin yeni uçak, silah ve sistemler ile donatılmasına zemin hazırlamıştır. Ayrıca ABD tarafından Türkiye’ye uçaklar yanında radar sistemleri, ikmal ve lojistik entegrasyon sistemleri gibi farklı ve nitelikli araç-gereç hibe edilmiştir. İlave etmek gerekirki yardım programı ekseninde Türk personelin eğitimi, uçak ve sistemlerin kullanımı, yabancı dil eğitimi ve hava meydanlarının yenilenmesi gibi birçok alanda kurs ve seminerler verilmiştir. Amerikan Yardım Programı çerçevesinde yapılan yardımlar önce İkinci Dünya Harbi’nin son yıllarında kullanılan uçak ve sistemlerden oluşmuştur. Zaman içerisinde bu yardımlara son sistem jet savaş uçakları da dâhil edilmiştir.
Bu çalışmada Amerikan Askeri YardımProgramı kapsamında Türk Hava Kuvvetlerine verilen pervaneli uçaklar ile silah ve sistemlerin nicel ve nitel durumuna arşiv belgeleri ve tetkik eserler çerçevesinde yer verilecektir. Ayrıca, Amerikan Yardım Programı çerçevesinde verilen uçak, silah ve sistemlerin Türkiye’nin savunma sanayii ile dış politika histerlerine etkisi değerlendirilecektir.
Türk Kültüründe On Beş Sayısı ve On Beşi Geleneği
Authors: ÜNALAN Özlem
Published: February 2023

Doğumdan başlayarak insan yaşamının her döneminde ve genel olarak insan hayatında sayılar önemli bir yere sahiptir. Türk kültüründe özellikle üç, yedi, dokuz ve kırk sayıları etrafında çeşitli inanışlar gelişmiştir. Formel rakamlar olarak bilinen bu tür sayılar Türk mitolojinde yer almış; destanlarda, masallarda ve efsanelerde sıkça kullanılmıştır. Formel özellik gösteren bu sayıların dışında yine Türk kültüründe ve halk inanışlarında önemli yeri olan başka sayılar da mevcuttur. Söz konusu bu sayılardan biri de on beştir. Fiziksel ve ruhî birtakım değişikliklerin olduğu bu yaş, erlik yaşı olarak da nitelendirilir. Destanlarda on beş yaş kahramanlık yaşı olarak geçer. Belli bir olgunluğa ve fiziki görünüme sahip olan kahraman, on beş yaşındayken çeşitli mücadelelere katılır ve bunlarda üstün başarı gösterir. Kızlar on beş yaşındaki görünümleriyle ve davranışlarıyla şiirlere, türkülere ve mânilere konu olur. Anadolu kültüründe belli ayların on beşinci günleri, on beş günlük süreçler ve zaman dilimleri de önemli bir yer ihtiva eder. Doğum, evlilik ve ölüm âdetleri çerçevesinde on beş gün önce veya sonra yapılması gereken uygulamalar ve gelenekler vardır. Halk takviminde belirli ayların on beşinci günlerinde çeşitli şenlikler tertip edilir. Bazı yörelerde ramazan ayının on beşinci günü çeşitli etkinliklerle kutlanır. Aynı zamanda on beş rakamı, Türk halk hekimliğinde bazı tedavilerin ve kürlerin uygulanma süresidir.
Bu çalışmada yaştan güne on beş sayısı çevresinde gelişen uygulamalara ve inanışlara yer verilmiştir. On beş sayısının Türk kültürü içindeki önemi ortaya konulmuştur. Mânilerde, türkülerde, hikâyelerde, masallarda ve yaş destanlarında on beş yaşa bağlı durumlar tespit edilmiştir. Dede Korkut kitabında geçen on beş yaşın özellikleri ve on beş sayısıyla ilgili diğer hususlar analiz edilmiştir. Doğum, evlenme ve ölüm merasimlerinde on beş sayısı çevresinde uygulanan çeşitli ritüeller belirlenmiştir. Şaban ve ramazan ayı gibi dinî günlerde on beşinci günün belirli özellikleri saptanmıştır. Bu konuda Bayburt’ta gözlemlenen on beşi geleneğinin Azerbaycan’ın İsmailli Bölgesi’nde de yaşatıldığı bilgisine ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmada literatür taraması ve veri analizi yapılmış, konuyla ilgili olan kaynaklar taranmış, on beş sayısı çevresinde gelişen inanışlar, uygulamalar, âdetler vb. veriler incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bilgiler tasnif edilerek konunun değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır.
Tarım Ürünlerine Yönelik Tüketici Talebi Ve Onu Etkileyen Faktörler
Authors: MİRZAZADE Narmin
Published: February 2023

Makalede talep, tüketici talebinin özü ve talebin karşılanmasında tarımın önemi açıklanmıştır. Özellikle tüketici talebini karşılamanın önemi vurgulanmış ve tüketici talebini etkileyen faktörler tespit edilmiştir. Tüketici talebinin memnuniyet düzeyi ve tatmin düzeyi araştırılmış, mevcut durum ve geçmiş yıllara ait istatistiksel veriler karşılaştırılmıştır. Tüketici talebini etkileyen temel unsurlardan biri olarak fiyat kriteri gerekçelendirilmiş ve tarım ürünleri üretici fiyat endeksi analizine dikkat çekilmiştir. Makale aynı zamanda hane halkının gelir dinamiklerini ve nihai tüketim harcamalarını da göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, bahsedilen faktörlerin tüketici talebi üzerindeki etkilerinin ayrı ayrı ve karşılıklı olarak analizi yapılmıştır.
Pandemi Döneminde Öğretmenlerin Spor Yapma Alışkanlıklarını Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÇOBAN Murat , GENCO Buket , TEMEL Cemil , DEMİRLİ İbrahim Hakkı
Published: February 2023

Bu çalışmada, Pandemi süreci ile karşımıza çıkan olağan dışı süreçte Resmi okullarda görev yapan her kademeden (ilk, orta ve lise düzeyi) öğretmenlerin spor yapma alışkanlıklarının belirlenmesi ve incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Hatay ili Antakya ilçesinde görev yapan öğretmenler oluşturmaktadır. 60 kadın ve 42 erkek olmak üzere 102 öğretmen de çalışmanın örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak (Özdedeoğlu, 2014) tarafından geliştirilen 26 sorudan oluşan anket uygulanmıştır. Toplanan veriler SPSS programı ile incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya katılanların verdikleri cevaplara göre; katılımcıların en fazla ilgi duydukları spor aktivitesi sırasıyla Rekreasyon amaçlı yürüyüşler, zindelik aktiviteleri ve eşit düzeyde takım sporları ve yavaş tempolu koşular olarak karşımıza çıkmakta. Spor yapmadığını belirten katılımcıların çok büyük bir kısmı ise imkanları olsa yüzme sporu ile ilgilenmek istediklerini belirtmişlerdir. Bu sorulara verilen cevaplardan çıkan sonuçlarla sporun topluma faydalı bireyler yetişmesinde, sporun etkili iletişim kurmada ve spor yapanların kendisi ile barışık olduğu gibi sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır.
Ermeni Tarihçi Mesrob K. Krokian’a Göre Erzurum’da Ermeniler ve Türklerle İlgili İleri Sürdüğü Nüfus Verilerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YAYLACI Mehmet
Published: February 2023

Yüzyıllar boyunca Osmanlı Devleti’nin tebaası olan Ermeni milleti 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren Rumlar ve Sırplar gibi kendi bağımsızlıklarını kazanmak için uzun soluklu bir çalışma başlatmış, 1878 Osmanlı Rus savaşı ile emellerine ulaşamayınca, çareyi kendi kaderlerini kendilerinin belirleyebilmesi amacıyla 1890-1915 yıllarına kadar süren bir ayaklanmalar devresine girmekte bulmuşlardır. Ancak bu ayaklanmaların hemen her defasında Ermeni milletine hüsrandan başka bir şey getirmediği aşikardır. Mesrob K. Krikorian, (1976). Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Hizmetinde Ermeniler, 1860-1908, Viyana adlı doktora tezinde bu hususa dikkat çekmekle beraber, Osmanlı Devleti’nin Sevk ve İskan Kanununu bir sürgün yasasından çok Ermenilerin yok ediliş yasası gibi yansıtıyor olsa da, eserin geneli ele alındığında 1860-1915 yılları arasında Osmanlı emrinde bulunan ve henüz bir bağımsızlık havasına girmemişken Ermenilerle Türkler arasındaki idari ve kültürel bağları ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır. Diğer taraftan eser verdiği istatistiki bilgiler ile Osmanlı tezlerine çok yakın veriler sunmakta ve Türklerin iddialarının aksine Doğu Anadolu’da Ermenilerin çoğunlukta olduğunu ispat etmeye çalışan veriler sunmaktadır.
Bu makale, Krikorian’ın ileri sürdüğü Ermeni yanlısı görüşleri düzeltmek ve konu hakkındaki Türk tarafının tezlerini ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır.
Identidade corporativa do Twitter: ethé, discursos e (re)significações
Authors: Perez Katia
Published: February 2023

Compreender como se constrói a identidade corporativa a partir de um ethos organizacional foi o objetivo deste trabalho. Tendo como base os estudos sobre comunicação organizacional e o campo teórico da Análise de Discurso, em sua vertente francesa, foi realizado um estudo sobre o Twitter. Ao avaliar seu ethos efetivo – e sua identidade percebida – percebe-se que se (re)constroem sentidos e representações imaginárias contraditórios sobre o Twitter.
Restricted rotation distance between k-ary trees
Authors: Cleary Sean
Published: February 2023

We study restricted rotation distance between ternary and higher-valence trees
using approaches based upon generalizations of Thompson's group $F$.
We obtain bounds and a method for computing these distances exactly in linear time,
as well as a linear-time algorithm for computing rotations needed to realize these
distances. Unlike the binary case, the higher-valence notions of rotation distance
do not give Tamari lattices, so there are fewer tools
for analysis in the higher-valence settings. Higher-valence trees arise in a range
of database and filesystem applications where balance is important for
efficient performance.
Star-Struck by Fixed Embeddings: Modern Crossing Number Heuristics
Authors: Chimani Markus , Ilsen Max , Wiedera Tilo
Published: February 2023

We present a thorough experimental evaluation of several crossing
minimization heuristics that are based on the construction and iterative
improvement of a planarization, i.e., a planar representation of a graph
with crossings replaced by dummy vertices.
The evaluated heuristics include variations and combinations of the
well-known planarization method, the recently implemented star reinsertion
method, and a new approach proposed herein: the mixed insertion method.
Our experiments reveal the importance of several implementation details such
as the detection of non-simple crossings (i.e., crossings between adjacent
edges, multiple crossings between the same two edges, or crossings of an
edge with itself).
The most notable finding, however, is that the insertion of stars in a fixed
embedding setting is not only significantly faster than the insertion of
edges in a variable embedding setting, but also leads to solutions of higher
quality.
Planar and Toroidal Morphs Made Easier
Authors: Erickson Jeff , Lin Patrick
Published: February 2023

We present simpler algorithms for two closely related morphing problems, both based on the barycentric interpolation paradigm introduced by Floater and Gotsman, which is in turn based on Floater’s asymmetric extension of Tutte’s classical spring-embedding theorem.

First, we give a very simple algorithm to construct piecewise-linear morphs between planar straight-line graphs. Our algorithm entirely avoids the classical edge-collapsing strategy dating back to Cairns; instead, in each morphing step, we interpolate the pair of weights associated with a single edge. Specifically, given equivalent straight-line drawings $\Gamma_0$ and $\Gamma_1$ of the same 3-connected planar graph $G$, with the same convex outer face, we construct a morph from $\Gamma_0$ to $\Gamma_1$ that consists of $O(n)$ unidirectional morphing steps, in $O(n^{1+\omega/2})$ time, where $n$ is the number of vertices and $\omega$ is the matrix multiplication constant.

Second, we describe a natural extension of barycentric interpolation to geodesic graphs on the flat torus. Barycentric interpolation cannot be applied directly in this setting, because the linear systems defining intermediate vertex positions are not necessarily solvable. We describe a simple scaling strategy that circumvents this issue. Computing the appropriate scaling requires $O(n^{\omega/2})$ time, after which we can compute the drawing at any point in the morph in $O(n^{\omega/2})$ time. Our algorithm is considerably simpler than the recent algorithm of Chambers, Erickson, Lin, and Parsa, and produces more natural morphs. Our techniques also yield a simple proof of a conjecture of Connelly, Henderson, Ho, and Starbird for geodesic torus triangulations.
Upward Planar Drawings with Three and More Slopes
Authors: Klawitter Jonathan , Zink Johannes
Published: February 2023

The slope number of a graph $G$ is the smallest number of slopes needed
for the segments representing the edges in any straight-line drawing of $G$.
It serves as a measure of the visual complexity of a graph drawing.
Several bounds on the slope number for particular graph classes have been established,
both in the planar and the non-planar setting.
Moreover, the slope number can also be defined for directed graphs and upward planar drawings.

We study upward planar straight-line drawings that use only a constant number of slopes.
In particular, for a fixed number $k$ of slopes,
we are interested in whether a given directed graph $G$
with maximum in- and outdegree at most $k$
admits an upward planar $k$-slope drawing.
We investigate this question both in the fixed and the
variable embedding scenario.
We show that this problem is in general NP-hard
to decide for outerplanar graphs ($k = 3$) and planar graphs ($k \ge 3$).
On the positive side, we can decide whether a given cactus graph
admits an upward planar $k$-slope drawing and, in the affirmative, construct such a drawing
in FPT time with parameter $k$.
Furthermore, we can determine the minimum number of slopes required for a given tree in linear time
and compute the corresponding drawing efficiently.
Licensing activities in the sphere of turnover of alcoholic and alcohol-containing products.
Authors: Subanova Natalia Viktorovna
Published: February 2023

The object of the study is a set of legal relations that develop in the process of carrying out licensing activities in the field of production and turnover of alcoholic and alcohol-containing products, which continues to be one of the most criminalized areas of the Russian economy, the high proportion of licensing regulation of which is due to stable profitability and turnover of goods, the presence of stable demand, as well as risks associated with damage to life or health citizens, the influence of alcoholization of the population on the demographic situation in the country, its close relationship with crime. The author examines in detail the features of the permissive impact on the regulated industry, paying attention to its legal basis and content, the main problems and areas of improvement, which is covered by the subject of this work. The novelty is distinguished by the author's position, which explains the specifics of the administrative and legal regime of the turnover of alcoholic and alcohol-containing products in the context of a combination of various forms of licensing activities affecting economic entities – first of all, we are talking about licensing. The progressive complication of the public-legal elements of alcohol market regulation aimed at protecting common (public) interests, which do not exclude fiscal interest, is carried out in the direction of detailing the order of turnover of such products and the conditions of licensees' activities. The author notes the undeniably positive impact on the state of legality in the implementation of licensing activities in the sphere of turnover of ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and alcohol-containing products of the tendency to improve its legal framework, unification and centralization of legal regulation. At the same time, some of its shortcomings have been identified, reflecting the peculiarities of licensing activities for the production and turnover of ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and alcohol-containing products based on the norms of a special law.
Reflection of the Activity of Baim Boltin in the Stolyarov Chronograph and the Private Discharge Book of Nikita and Grigory Zyuzin.
Authors: Vtiurin Andrei
Published: February 2023

This article is a study of the activities of the statesman of the first half of the XVII century, Baim Fedorovich Boltin, reflected in the Stolyarov chronograph and the private service book of Nikita and Grigory Zyuzin. The purpose of the work is to identify exaggerations of merit, inconsistencies of the studied information with other sources and other features of the narrative in the above sources. Setting such a goal is due to the particular origin of these sources, and as a consequence of their subjective nature. Moreover, the reason for the origin of such sources is obvious - the provision of official position in case of parochial disputes and other situations arising during promotion or accession to the throne of a new sovereign, which indicates the biased nature of the sources. The scientific novelty of the work is due to the insufficient study of such a source as the Stolyarov chronograph and the role of "heroes of the second plan" in the history of Russia. Baim Boltin is a bright representative of his time, who went from an Arzamas nobleman to a governor of large cities, a nursery and an ambassador. Not having a noble origin and a high service status, he compiled a unique private service book (Stolyarov chronograph), in which he reflected several important, in his opinion, his own achievements. The analysis of the chronograph and fragments of a private service book of his maternal relatives - brothers Nikita and Grigory Zyuzin, in comparison with more objective data, allowed us to find out certain features of the subjective reflection of information in sources of this kind. We attributed to them: minor distortions and exaggerations; shifting the emphasis of the narrative; the desire to put oneself closer to prominent statesmen when describing events; the obvious complementary nature of the description of one's own merits.
To røyser på Hernes Søndre, Bodø
Authors: Luneborg Andreas , Niemi Anja Roth , Lind Keth
Published: February 2023

I forbindelse med reguleringsplan for Bodø Lufthavn undersøkte Universitetsmuseet i 2021 to antatte gravrøyser. Det ble ikke påvist gjenstander, beinrester eller konstruksjonsdetaljer som kan henvise til at røysene har inngått i gravlegginger. Trekull fra den ene røysa ble datert til romertid, 233 – 290 e.v.t. Røysene tolkes som rydningsrøyser, som har blitt etablert i løpet eller i ettertid av jordbruksaktivitet som involverte svedjebrenning.