bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structures, stabilities and electronic properties of carbon monoxide adsorbed and embedded boron nitride nanotubes with different lengths
Authors: Li Zhi , Li Jia-Cong , Yang Shu-Qi , Yin Jia-Hui
Published: February 2024

The boron nitrides as excellent sensors are adopted to detect some harmful gases. The adsorption sites and lengths of the boron nitrides are very important to improve the adsorption capacity. The structures, stabilities and electronic properties of the COBmNm and CO@BmNm ([Formula: see text], 96 and 144) nanotubes with different lengths have been investigated by using density functional theory. The longer BmNm, COBmNm and CO@BmNm clusters are more stable. The adsorption of the CO molecules at the ends of BmNm nanotubes competes with the insertion of the CO molecules in the BmNm nanotubes. The COBmNm clusters exhibit higher chemical reactivity than the CO@BmNm clusters. The lengths of the BmNm nanotubes have little effect on the chemical reactivity of the nanotubes. The charge transfer amounts of the O atoms increase while those of the C atoms of the COBmNm and CO@BmNm clusters are almost the same with the increase of cluster lengths. The CO molecules lose fewer electrons ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) to the BmNm nanotubes of the COBmNm clusters while the CO molecules obtain fewer electrons ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) from the BmNm nanotubes of the CO@BmNm clusters.
Effect of thickness and applied pressure on quality factor in defective photonic crystals composed of polymer materials
Authors: Segovia-Chaves Francis , Dakhlaoui Hassen , Beltrán Santiago Santos
Published: February 2024

In this work, we employed the transfer-matrix method to obtain the transmittance spectrum of a defective one-dimensional photonic crystal composed of polymer materials. We consider that the dielectric constant of the polymers is a function of the applied pressure, and the cavity is infiltrated by plasma cells. When blood plasma concentration and cavity thickness are increased, we observe a defective mode tuned to long wavelengths within the photonic band gap. By calculating the energy stored in the cavity, a maximization of the quality factor to [Formula: see text] for a 2350[Formula: see text]nm cavity was observed. In addition, we report that as the applied pressure increases, the defective mode shifts to shorter wavelengths, accompanied by a decrease in the quality factor to [Formula: see text] for a pressure of 100[Formula: see text]MPa.
A Low-Power Tunable Differentiator Using Voltage Difference Transconductance Amplifier (VDTA) for Tunable PD Controller
Authors: Routu Santosh , Chandra Satish , Priya M. Shanmukha , Kumar Pankaj
Published: February 2024

The electronically tunable differentiator using a voltage difference transconductance amplifier (VDTA) is proposed, designed, and analyzed. The simulation was done using the Cadence Virtuoso tool of 45 nm CMOS technology with a supply voltage of ±0.9 V. The maximum power consumption of the proposed circuit is 246 [Formula: see text]W with a total harmonic distortion of 5.4%. The output can be tuned using four parameters: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. The transconductance can be varied using bias current and aspect ratio of CMOS transistors. The utilized area of VDTA layout is 1075.81 [Formula: see text]m2. The parasitic impedance affects the output of post-layout simulation and causes little delay compared to schematic. The design has been experimentally verified using LM13700 integrated circuit. The results of the proposed circuit show good agreement with the experimental results and mathematical expressions. The proposed circuit can be used as a tunable PD controller, in which the voltage gain of the proposed circuit is [Formula: see text]. The design is versatile and can be used in different applications such as temperature control systems, photo voltaic cells, waveform generators, microwave communications systems, and instrumentation systems.
Analysis and Simulation of Current Balancer Circuit for Phase-Gain Correction of Unbalanced Differential Signals
Authors: Baharvand Zainab , Nabavi Abdolreza , Zolfkhani Habibollah
Published: February 2024

The phase and gain imbalance of a balun output can be adjusted by a differential current balancer (DCB) circuit. The performance of DCB circuit, for correcting the phase (gain) imbalance, is analyzed for a wide range of input signal level, and the accuracy is verified with circuit simulation. To illustrate the phase-error/gain-error (PE/GE) correction, a 30–40 GHz DCB circuit is designed and simulated in a 180-nm CMOS process. The DCB is examined for input PE, [Formula: see text], of [Formula: see text] and input GE, GA, of [Formula: see text]dB[Formula: see text] log [Formula: see text] dB. Analysis and simulation illustrate an output phase error (OPEDCB) of [Formula: see text] and output gain error (OGEDCB) of [Formula: see text] dB [Formula: see text] dB, over frequency range of 20–50[Formula: see text]GHz. The results of DCB circuit for PE (GE) compensation are compared to that of phase-correction technique (PCT) circuit, illustrating the superior phase (gain) imbalance correction of the DCB circuit with lower NF and DC power consumption.
Composition and distribution of sedimentary organic matter in nearshore Berriasian strata (‘German Wealden’) of the eastern Lower Saxony Basin, NW Germany
Authors: Stoepke Fritz-Lukas , Götz Annette E. , Blumenberg Martin , Gravendyck Julia , Erbacher Jochen , Pierau Roberto , Schöner Robert , Heimhofer Ulrich
Published: February 2024

In the Lower Saxony Basin of Northern Germany, the Earliest Cretaceous (Berriasian, ‘German Wealden’) is represented by organic-rich shales assigned to the Isterberg Formation, which have been deposited under brackish-lacustrine conditions in a partially restricted basin. Towards the southern basin margin, these shales interfinger with nearshore sandstones sourced from the Deister-Hils delta. In order to better understand the environmental conditions and depositional dynamics of the Isterberg Fm, the sedimentary organic matter has been studied with a combined approach including bulk rock organic geochemistry and palynofacies analysis. The lower part (W 1 to W 3) is interpreted to reflect very shallow-water conditions and episodic emergence, indicated by multiple occurrences of palaeosol horizons, rhizoliths and intercalated coal beds formed within a mud-dominated and protected domain of the delta plain. The overlying sand-rich interval represents a nearshore deltaic setting. A distinct change is observed in the upper part (W 4), indicating more distal conditions characterized by clay-dominated sedimentation, abundant lumachelle interbeds and a predominance of aquatic-derived organic matter. The newly acquired data fill a gap in the record between the proximal and distal strata of the Berriasian Lower Saxony Basin and provide new insights into the accumulation and preservation of organic matter within this exceptional depositional setting.
Speaking and Writing: Essentially the Same and Importantly Different
Authors: Yaffe Philip
Published: February 2024

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.

If you have been following these Communication Corner essays, you have read the above paragraph many, many times. However, this essay will be radically different because is not self-contained; rather it is the summation of everything that has gone before. Every effort has been made to make each section self-contained. Where this was not possible, links to previous Communication Corner essays have been included.
EWTN: Quantifying Mass Transport to Enable Water Electrolyzer Architectures with Low Flow-Rate Sensitivity
Authors: Roy Anirban , Roenning Frida H. , Aaron Douglas S. , Zhang Feng-Yuan , Mench Matthew M.
Published: February 2024

To develop cost-effective and high-performing polymer electrolyte water electrolyzers (PEWEs) for gigawatt-scale applications, researchers have focused on reducing precious metal catalyst loadings and optimizing porous transport layers. However, the performance of PEWEs is also affected by system architecture. Mass transport losses are dependent on localized architecture and material interactions. In-situ measurements, such as current density distribution maps have demonstrated advantages in understanding the intricate characteristics and influence of two-phase flow within PEWEs. This study proposes the parameter of effective water transport number (EWTN) as a quantitative tool to investigate such current density distribution (CDD) measurements for PEWEs. Results show that higher flow-rates have EWTN values of 0.95 and above, indicating no mass transport limitations; while lower flow-rates with large gradients CDD have EWTN values between 0.6-0.8, indicating mass transport limited conditions. The new analysis also identified a correlation between mass transport losses due to bubble accumulation, membrane hydration, and ohmic overpotentials. To address these limitations, an unitized pin-type LGDL/flow-field design was developed, which effectively prevents local gas phase accumulation, resulting in improved mass transport characteristics. The results of this work show reduced flow-rate sensitivity with the pin-type architecture and ∼13% increased performance at

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Data‐Driven Fatigue Failure Probability Updating of OSD by Bayesian Backward Propagation
Authors: Su You-Hua , Ye Xiao-Wei , Ding Yang , Chen Bin
Published: February 2024

This study introduces a data‐driven approach for updating the fatigue failure probability of the orthotropic steel deck (OSD) using Bayesian backward propagation. The OSD in steel bridges is considered as a parallel system composed of two critical fatigue‐prone components, namely, the rib‐to‐diaphragm and rib‐to‐deck joints. A probabilistic model for fatigue reliability is established based on the equivalent structural stress method and limit state function. The system‐level fatigue reliability model is then constructed, taking into account the correlations between limit states of individual components through Bayesian network forward propagation. The key advantage of the Bayesian network‐based framework is its ability to perform backward propagation, allowing for the updating of failure probabilities for critical components when the system‐level failure of the OSD is observed. Consequently, the proposed approach enables the identification of vulnerable components through data‐driven fatigue failure probability updating. Finally, the approach is applied to a real instrumented steel bridge to determine the time‐dependent fatigue failure probability at both the system and component levels over its service life. The results show that the component‐level fatigue failure probability model will underestimate the fatigue life in comparison to the system‐level model. Meanwhile, the proposed method could identify vulnerable components by quantifying the fatigue failure probability of in‐service steel bridges.
The Looming Cancer: A Qualitative Study on the Experience of Living with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) before the Initiation of Treatment
Authors: Kyrou Dimitrios , Stavrogianni Konstantina , Koulierakis George , Vrontaras Nikolaos , Stamatopoulos Kostas , Karamanidou Christina
Published: February 2024

Purpose. This study aimed to study the challenges and ways of coping with living with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) before the initiation of treatment. Methods. Semistructured interviews were carried out with 8 people living with CLL (4 males and 4 females) who had never received any treatment. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was utilized for the analysis of the data. Results. The following three themes were developed: (1) “Still waters run deep” highlights the contrast between living with minimal symptoms while experiencing high anxiety for the future, (2) “Surviving uncertainty” portrays participants’ supportive networks, communication challenges, and internal coping mechanisms to face the threatening overtones of CLL, and (3) “Turning over a new leaf” delineates participants’ realization of life’s finiteness and the way this acts as a nudge for psychological growth. Conclusion. Despite the limited physical discomfort, the CLL diagnosis and the watch-and-wait phase bring about psychological distress, which drives meaning-making efforts and an array of coping mechanisms, potentially leading to posttraumatic growth processes for people living with CLL.
Microbial Biofungicides as a Substitute for Chemical Fungicides in the Control of Phytopathogens: Current Perspectives and Research Directions
Authors: Fenta Lamenew , Mekonnen Habtamu
Published: February 2024

These days, two important issues are causing concern in the global community: the alarmingly growing trend of the human population and the issue of food security. To this end, people around the world have been searching for solutions that could feed the needy in a sustainable way. In response to this urgent call, scientists from around the world started working on increasing crop production and productivity by controlling crop pathogens that could harm the productivity of crops. Synthetic fungicides have been in use for controlling crop diseases for several decades, but later, due to the evidenced side effects of the fungicides, there have been attempts to shift towards a less cost-effective and eco-friendly method of controlling crop diseases, and so far, many remarkable results have been achieved. However, due to the less effective and shorter shelf life of microbial biofungicides, as well as the less accessibility of these microbial biofungicides to growers around the world, it became difficult to remove the fungicides totally from the market. To minimize this problem, researchers suggested an integrated approach: the combination of microbial biofungicides with a reduced dose of synthetic fungicides. Hence, this review explored the status as well as the merits and demerits of microbial biofungicides as compared to synthetic fungicides.
Spinal Accessory Nerve Injury following Spinal Adjustment: Case Report and Literature Review of the Outcome of Accessory Nerve Pathology as Result of Blunt Trauma (Spinal Accessory Nerve Palsy after Spinal Adjustment)
Authors: Alanazi Sulaiman , Alawfi Areej M. , Alrashedan Bander S. , Almohaini Reem A. , Shogair Majed M. , Alshehri Talal A.
Published: February 2024

Spinal accessory nerve palsy (SANP) is rare and is commonly presented following iatrogenic injury. Their diagnosis is often missed on initial presentation. Injury following blunt trauma is rare, with few cases reported in literature describing blunt‐associated SANP and their treatment and recovery. We present and discuss a case of SANP following an aggressive soft tissue adjustment by an uncertified individual that has been responsive to nonsurgical measures over 18 months. We also reviewed the related literature on similar cases that were presented as result of direct pressure on the nerve from soft tissue manipulation or heavy lifting and their outcome following treatment. Chiropractic is generally a safe complimentary medicine and must only be practiced by trained personnel. We found that blunt‐caused SANP injuries should initially be treated conservatively as they are likely to respond and recover unlike when presented following invasive trauma accordingly to what we found in literature.
Aspergillus fumigatus Epidural Abscess and Postsurgical Wound Infection in an Immunocompetent Host
Authors: Montreuil Nadine , Martinez Andres , Budrie Leon , Goyal Shriya , Quiroz Tanya , Vu Christine , Ayoade Folusakin , Sternberg Candice A.
Published: February 2024

In this case, we present an immunocompetent patient who had a wound infection secondary to Aspergillus fumigatus after undergoing a neurosurgical procedure that was complicated by an epidural abscess. The patient was treated with voriconazole and responded favorably. We highlight the need for awareness of the possibility of an Aspergillus infection in people without any obvious immunocompromise and advocate for the inclusion of this opportunistic fungus in the workup of postneurosurgical infections and dura-based collections. A brief review of relevant literature is also included.
TABLE 1 from Cumulative Incidence, Risk Factors, and Overall Survival of Disease Recurrence after Curative Resection of Stage II–III Colorectal Cancer: A Population-based Study
Authors: Boute Tara C. , Swartjes Hidde , Greuter Marjolein J.E. , Elferink Marloes A.G. , van Eekelen Rik , Vink Geraldine R. , de Wilt Johannes H.W. , Coupé Veerle M.H.
Published: February 2024

Patient and tumor characteristics of patients with primary colon and rectal cancer
Supplementary Table 5 from Cumulative Incidence, Risk Factors, and Overall Survival of Disease Recurrence after Curative Resection of Stage II–III Colorectal Cancer: A Population-based Study
Authors: Boute Tara C. , Swartjes Hidde , Greuter Marjolein J.E. , Elferink Marloes A.G. , van Eekelen Rik , Vink Geraldine R. , de Wilt Johannes H.W. , Coupé Veerle M.H.
Published: February 2024

Univariable and multivariable competing risk regression output for the risk of recurrent disease in colon cancer patients
Supplementary Table 4 from Cumulative Incidence, Risk Factors, and Overall Survival of Disease Recurrence after Curative Resection of Stage II–III Colorectal Cancer: A Population-based Study
Authors: Boute Tara C. , Swartjes Hidde , Greuter Marjolein J.E. , Elferink Marloes A.G. , van Eekelen Rik , Vink Geraldine R. , de Wilt Johannes H.W. , Coupé Veerle M.H.
Published: February 2024

Univariable and multivariable competing risk regression output for the risk of recurrent disease in rectal cancer patients
Supplementary Table 2 from Cumulative Incidence, Risk Factors, and Overall Survival of Disease Recurrence after Curative Resection of Stage II–III Colorectal Cancer: A Population-based Study
Authors: Boute Tara C. , Swartjes Hidde , Greuter Marjolein J.E. , Elferink Marloes A.G. , van Eekelen Rik , Vink Geraldine R. , de Wilt Johannes H.W. , Coupé Veerle M.H.
Published: February 2024

One-, three- and five-year cumulative incidence estimates of recurrent disease in primary colon and rectal cancer patients.
FIGURE 4 from Cumulative Incidence, Risk Factors, and Overall Survival of Disease Recurrence after Curative Resection of Stage II–III Colorectal Cancer: A Population-based Study
Authors: Boute Tara C. , Swartjes Hidde , Greuter Marjolein J.E. , Elferink Marloes A.G. , van Eekelen Rik , Vink Geraldine R. , de Wilt Johannes H.W. , Coupé Veerle M.H.
Published: February 2024

OS plot of patients diagnosed with recurrent colorectal cancer with corresponding 95% confidence bands, stratified for locoregionally recurrent colorectal cancer only (LRR), distantly recurrent colorectal cancer (DR) at one site, DR at two sites, DR at two or more sites, and the synchronous diagnosis of DR+LRR. Vertically dashed lines represent median OS.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Characterizing Neutrophil Subtypes in Cancer Using scRNA Sequencing Demonstrates the Importance of IL1β/CXCR2 Axis in Generation of Metastasis-specific Neutrophils
Authors: Fetit Rana , McLaren Alistair S. , White Mark , Mills Megan L. , Falconer John , Cortes-Lavaud Xabier , Gilroy Kathryn , Lannagan Tamsin R.M. , Ridgway Rachel A. , Nixon Colin , Naiker Varushka , Njunge Renee , Clarke Cassie J. , Whyte Declan , Kirschner Kristina , Jackstadt Rene , Norman Jim , Carlin Leo M. , Campbell Andrew D. , Sansom Owen J. , Steele Colin W.
Published: February 2024

Figure S1. Neutrophil proportions in KPN CRC models and in integrated mouse neutrophil dataset.
Increased Pulmonary-Aortic Interspace in Fetal Right Aortic Arch: A Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Bet Bo B. , van Steijn Agnes E. , Linskens Ingeborg H. , Knobbe Ingmar , van Leeuwen Elisabeth , Pajkrt Eva , Clur Sally-Ann
Published: February 2024

Introduction: The prenatal detection rate of a right aortic arch (RAA) has increased with the implementation of the three-vessel view (3VV) to the second-trimester anomaly scan formed by the pulmonary artery (PA), aorta (Ao), and superior vena cava (SVC). We examined the value of measuring the distance between PA and Ao in the 3VV in cases with an RAA. Methods: We conducted a case-control study in which fetuses with an isolated RAA were matched to 3 healthy controls. Using 3VV images, the distances between PA, Ao, and SVC were measured and the ratio between PA to Ao (PAAo) distance and Ao to SVC (AoSVC) distance was calculated. Results: Fifty-four RAA cases and 162 matched controls were included. The mean absolute distance PAAo was 3.1 mm in cases and 1.8 mm in controls (p < 0.001), and the mean PAAo/AoSVC ratio was 2.9 and 1.4, respectively (p < 0.001). The ROC curve of PAAo/AoSVC ratio showed a cut-off point of 1.9 with sensitivity and specificity over 87% for the diagnosis of RAA. Conclusions: The pulmonary-aortic interspace and the PAAo/AoSVC ratio were significantly larger for RAA cases as compared to controls. If an increased pulmonary-aortic interspace is observed, a PAAo/AoSVC of ≥1.9 can be helpful in the diagnosis of an RAA.
Learnings, Issues, and Challenges Encountered by Students and Faculty Members in the Implementation of Small Private Online Courses (SPOCs)
Authors: Geronimo Cecilia A. , Adriano Raquel C. , Celestino Joseph Roy F.
Published: February 2024

Consistent with the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) design of ISO 9001:2015, performance evaluation of policies pertaining to the University’s main functions, i.e., instruction, research, and extension, should be pursued, especially for a newly implemented policy. Small Private Online Courses (SPOCs) at Bulacan State University were crafted, developed, and enhanced not only in compliance with the demands of continuing education but also to suit the standard of learning that is equal to classroom instruction catered physically. Whether these courses became effective and efficient within the duration of implementation remains to be determined. In the hope of having a fair and honest assessment that willlead towards relevant refinement of offering SPOCs, this mixed method of research undertaking aims to re-examine its efficiency and effectiveness, specifically, the learnings, issues and challenges encountered by the facultymembers and students when using SPOC as modality. Thesurvey questionnaire and interview questions were developed and validated and the interview among faculty members were face to face while the survey questionnaire for the SPOC students was through Google form for answering online, and the respondents were five thousand and eight students and twenty-five faculty members were interviewed. The findings indicate the factors that may impede the success of the implementation of SPOCs, aside from personal logistic challenges, the lack of discipline to manage time and sustain the interest in a given lesson are problems that require attention and further innovation. While connectivity can be identified as a personal logistic challenge, it can also be a challenge on the part of the University. The problem of connectivity may be seen as an opportunity for the University to create its own Learning Management System that can be customized to suit fit according to bandwidth, accessible and affordable to students. It can be concluded that SPOC is a promising learning platform in a world where hybrid interactions are highly relevant and can help save a lot of time and resources which brings in the recommendation to revisit, redesign, and recalibrate it for the ever-changing landscape of education.
Arterial Health Markers in Relation to Behavior and Cognitive Outcomes at School Age
Authors: Gonçalves Romy , Gaillard Romy , Cecil Charlotte , Defina Serena , Steegers Eric. A. P. , Jaddoe Vincent W. V.
Published: February 2024

Background

Impaired arterial health is associated with a decline in cognitive function and psychopathology in adults. We hypothesized that these associations originate in early life. We examined the associations of blood pressure, common carotid artery intima media thickness, and carotid distensibility with behavior and cognitive outcomes during adolescence.

Methods and Results

This study was embedded in the Dutch Generation R Study, a population‐based prospective cohort study from early fetal life onwards. Blood pressure, carotid intima media thickness, and carotid distensibility were measured at the age of 10 years. At the age of 13 years, total, internalizing and externalizing problems and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms were measured using the parent‐reported Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/6–18), autistic traits were assessed by the Social Responsiveness Scale, and IQ was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children‐Fifth Edition. A 1‐SD score higher mean arterial pressure was associated with lower odds of internalizing problems (odds ratio [OR], 0.92 [95% CI, 0.85–0.99]). However, this association was nonsignificant after correction for multiple testing. Carotid intima media thickness and carotid distensibility were not associated with behavior and cognitive outcomes at 13 years old.

Conclusions

From our results, we cannot conclude that the associations of blood pressure, carotid intima media thickness, and carotid distensibility at age 10 years with behavior and cognitive outcomes are present in early adolescence. Further follow‐up studies are needed to identify the critical ages for arterial health in relation to behavior and cognitive outcomes at older ages.
Redescription of two known species of Taeniacanthidae (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) parasitic on Japanese filefishes (Actinopterygii)
Authors: Izawa Kunihiko
Published: February 2024

Cirracanthus monacanthi (Yamaguti, 1939) and Taeniacanthus balistae (Claus, 1864) are redescribed based on specimens recovered from Stephanolepis cirrhifer (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) and Aluterus monoceros (Linnaeus, 1758) (Tetraodontiformes, Monacanthidae), respectively, in Japan. The description of the copepodid V female of T. balistae is the first time for the species.
Impact of the co-cultivation of macroalgae (Ulva lactuca f. fasciata) on the composition of biofloc in a zero water exchange system used for rearing Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) (Decapoda, Dendrobranchiata)
Authors: Turan Gamze , Carvalho Chagas Andrezza , Costa César S.B. , Wasielesky Jr. Wilson F.B. , da Silva Poersch Luís H.
Published: February 2024

In a closed, or zero water exchange, greenhouse aquaculture system, this study examined the interaction between the aggregation flocs in the mono- and co-cultivation of Pasific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (300 individuals/m3) with macroalgae, Ulva lactuca f. fasciata at different densities of Ulva (1, 2 and 3 g/l). The investigation was conducted under zero water exchange conditions. The accumulated flocs were compared between the various treatment groups: without Ulva (Treatment Control Group), Ulva at 1 g/l density (T1: Treatment 1), Ulva at 2 g/l (T2: Treatment 2), and Ulva at 3 g/l (T3: Treatment 3). Ultimately, it was determined that Ulva cultivation using the Biofloc system actually helped to ensure the water quality in the zero water exchange culture system during the 35-day experimental period with reduced cyanophyte densities, that can cause toxic algal blooms in aquaculture systems. This was interpreted to result from the fact that Ulva is a naturally occurring bioremediation agent.
The species and physiological diversity of Bifidobacterium genus in Gallus gallus domesticus are influenced by feeding model and niche adaptations
Authors: Grande S.M.M. , Argañaraz Martı́nez E. , Babot J.D. , Andrada E. , Quiroga M. , Garro M. , Saguir F. , Perez Chaia A.
Published: February 2024

Species diversity of the Bifidobacterium genus was scarcely explored in different rearing systems of poultry. The aim of the study was to isolate intestinal species and compare their physiological and traits for adaptation to the avian intestinal niche. Fourteen strains isolated from chickens of intensive rearing farms and free-range hens, were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing, rep-PCR fingerprinting, and carbohydrates fermentation. Strains belonged to species Bifidobacterium pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum and subsp. globosum, B. pullorum, B. animalis subsp lactis, B. boum, B. thermacidophilum subsp. thermacidophilum and B. thermophilum. One strain of B. animalis and B. pullorum, and two of B. pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum were obtained from chicks, while the others were from free-range adult hens. Growth (in MRSc) at the poultry physiological temperature, acids production in caecal water with raffinose (rCW), ex vivo adhesion (%) to avian intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), and auto-aggregation (%) were used for discrimination inter- and intra-specific. Significantly different acetic and lactic acids production and growth temperatures were observed in strains of the same species/subspecies. Remarkable auto-aggregation capability was observed in B. thermacidophilum subsp. thermacidophilum LET 406 (40.2 ± 1.1%), while adhesion property was highlighted in B. pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum LET 408 (65.30 ± 4.75% in jejunum; 46.05 ± 2.80 in ileum). Scanning Electronic Microscopy of the interaction IEC-LET 408 revealed an irregular bacterial surface exhibiting vesicle-like arrangements and filaments that formed a network among bacteria cells and with the epithelial cells, as possible adaptative response to promote its persistence in the gut. These finds will be valuable for bacterial supplements design intended to intensive rearing.
Effect of total flavonoids of hawthorn leaves on H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury of rats
Authors: Geng Lei , Gao Lichao , Ou Santao , Gan Linwang
Published: February 2024

This study was to investigate the role of total flavonoids of hawthorn leaves (TFHL) in oxidative stress injury in rats with diabetic nephropathy (DN). CCK-8 method was used to study the effect of TFHL on the oxidative damage of kidney HK-2 cells induced by H2O2.
40 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with DN induced by streptozotocin were divided into normal saline group and treatment groups treated with TFHL (10, 20, 40 mg/kg). During the 6 weeks of treatment, metabolic parameters such as body weight and fasting blood glucose levels were recorded along with
analysis of renal function, levels of renal tissue apoptosis, and fibrosis-related factors. The relative levels of Nrf-2/ARE pathway-related factors in kidney tissue were detected by qPCR and Western blot. 320 μg/mL TFHL significantly improved the survival rate of HK-2 cells with
oxidative damage (92.9%). In treatment group, GPX1, SOD2 and GSH were significantly up-regulated, leading to down-regulation of ROS. In addition, after administration for 6 weeks, TFHL improved the renal function of DN rats and worsened the morphology of nephropathy. They also improved Bcl-2,
Nrf-2, NQO-1 and HO-1 levels, and regulated Nrf-2/ARE signaling, thus having a protective effect on the kidney tissue of DN rats. After TFHL acted on kidney cells, the nuclear expression of Nrf-2 protein was significantly increased. TFHL pretreatment up-regulated NQO-1, Nrf-2 and HO-1. Our
data showed that in DN rats, TFHL protected renal cells and alleviated renal tissue damage.
Biological properties of multifocal intraocular lens and evaluation of their visual quality in cataract
Authors: Liu Yi , Li Yingying , Li Yuanyuan , Wang Ning , Ma Yu
Published: February 2024

To enhance the visual quality of cataract patients after surgery, we conducted an innovative investigation into the biological properties of multifocal intraocular lens (MIOL) for cataract treatment. Our studies revealed that hydrophilic acrylates exhibited optimal biocompatibility
with lens epithelial cells, effectively enhancing cell activity and inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, hydrophilic acrylates demonstrated superior inhibition against Staphylococcus epidermidis attachment, thereby reducing the risk of postoperative infection. In
terms of postoperative visual quality assessment, MIOL exhibited superior efficacy in enhancing patients’ visual acuity levels, particularly for corrected near and intermediate distances. Additionally, MIOL exhibits enhanced visual acuity within the defocus curve range of −1.00
D to −4.00 D. Compared to the single-focal IOL group, patients in the MIOL group exhibited enhanced contrast sensitivity across all spatial frequencies. Therefore, hydrophilic acrylate MIOL displayed excellent biocompatibility and resistance against bacterial adhesion while significantly
improving patients’ visual quality at near and intermediate distances as well as contrast sensitivity.
Application of solid-phase microextraction and LCMS/MS for the detection of pesticide residues
Authors: Meng Xinxin
Published: February 2024

Aiming at the organophosphorus pesticide residues in tea, a method integrating solid-phase microextraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was investigated for the detection of organophosphorus pesticide residues in tea. Firstly, the conditions in the process were optimized;
then the method was established to analyze the organophosphorus pesticides in tea; finally, the method feasibility was verified by using actual sample determination. In terms of the results, the standard curve correlation coefficients of the solid-phase microextraction and liquid chromatography-mass
spectrometry methods used in the study were greater than 0.99, while the average recoveries ranged from 72 to 109% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 9.0%. This indicates that the method has a good linear range, low detection limit and high recovery. In the application
validation in real samples, the concentrations of organophosphorus pesticide residues in tea were within the safe range. The method was validated to be suitable for the monitoring and control of organophosphorus pesticide residues in tea with low cost and simplified sample preparation.
Clinical study of iRoot-BP combined with collagen sponge in treatment of periapical inflammation
Authors: Qin Han , Cai Jun
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this research was to observe the clinical effect of iRoot-BP combined with collagen sponge for the treatment of periapical inflammation with lesions larger than 10 mm and undeveloped apical foramen. 26 teeth from 25 patients with periapical inflammation meeting the inclusion
criteria were randomly assigned into two groups with 13 teeth per group. In collagen sponge group, the apical barrier was performed using iRoot-BP combined with collagen sponge, and in non-collagen sponge group was only treated with iRoot-BP. Patients in two groups were followed up at 3, 6
and 12 months respectively, and the therapeutic effect was judged according to the clinical and imaging findings. The prognosis of periapical lesions indicated that there were 13 of treated teeth in collagen sponge group and 11 of treated teeth in non-collagen sponge group show no signs of
clinical or radiographic failure (χ2 = 2.167, p = 0.14). The observation results of continued root growth suggested that the average root growth of collagen group was 2 mm, while no continuous root growth was observed in non-collagen sponge group (p <
0.05). Application of iRoot-BP combined with collagen sponge has obvious advantages in treatment of large-scale periapical inflammation with undeveloped apical foramen, which can promote the formation of immature roots closer to the normal roots.
Effects of angiopoietin (Ang) 1/endothelial-enriched Tunica interna endothelial cell kinase 2 (Tie2) signaling pathway on autophagy-based neuroprotection and expression of aquaporin 4
Authors: Wu Wenjuan , Liu Xiaojuan , Song Qingyun , Geng Lijiao , Guo Ying , Liu Xiaoliang , Liu Chunling , Wang Youming
Published: February 2024

We investigated Ang-1/Tie2 signaling’s role in cellular autophagy-based neuroprotection and aquaporins expression. 40 mice were randomized into sham surgery group, model group, Tie2-antagonist group, and Ang-1+Tie2 agonist group, followed by observing brain pathological changes,
and mRNA levels of LC3-I, LC3-II and aquaporin 4 (AQP4), together with levels of TNF-α and IL-1β. A certain regularity of brain tissue structure was observed in sham surgery group but not in model group. In Ang-1+Tie2 agonist group, the brain tissue structure was more
disordered, which was ameliorated in Tie2-antagonist group, along with a proportion of intact cells. The neurological score of mice in Tie2 antagonist group was lower than Ang-1+Tie2 agonist and model groups. Levels of LC3-I and AQP4 in Tie2 antagonist group were also lower, along with higher
levels of LC3-I and AQP4. LC3-II levels were higher in Tie2 antagonist group compared with those in Ang-1+Tie2 agonist and model groups. Whereas LC3-II and IL-1β/TNF-α levels in Ang-1+Tie2 agonist group were lower with higher levels of IL-1β and TNF-α.
Inhibition of Ang-1/Tie2 signaling could have a restorative effect on neural function in stroke mice.
Structural design and antibacterial properties of porous SiO2/ZnO/Cu2O composites
Authors: Li Manna , Chen Chao , Chen Zhaofeng , Shen Kai , Yang Lixia
Published: February 2024

In this study, the main antibacterial agent employed was nano-ZnO/Cu2O composite powder. The nano-ZnO/Cu2O composite powder was thoroughly dispersed within the gel precursor and subsequently utilized as a carrier for the preparation of porous SiO2 via
sol–gel method. Finally, porous SiO2/ZnO/Cu2O composites were obtained. Through the characterization of the phase and structure of the composites, it can be found that nano-ZnO/Cu2O is physically embedded in the porous SiO2 skeleton and fully
combined with the porous SiO2. Finally, porous SiO2/ZnO/Cu2O composites were successfully synthesized. The phase and structure of the composites were thoroughly characterized, revealing that nano-ZnO/Cu2O was physically embedded within the porous
SiO2 framework and exhibits excellent integration with the porous SiO2 matrix. Compared to single-component nano-ZnO/Cu2O, the composite exhibits significantly enhanced specific surface area and improved pore properties, thereby leading to an enhancement in
photocatalytic performance. Furthermore, the antibacterial performance test of the composites clearly demonstrates a remarkable 100% antibacterial rate. Porous SiO2/ZnO/Cu2O composites offer a novel avenue for enhancing the antibacterial properties of ZnO and Cu2O.
Effect of alteplase thrombolytic therapy on acute cerebral infarction to promote recovery of nerve function and reduce inflammatory response
Authors: Xiong Bo , Zhou Jianju , Li Hang , Wen Yuanchao
Published: February 2024

Thrombolysis with alteplase can promote neurological function recovery and reduce inflammatory response in acute cerebral infarction, but specific mechanism is unknown. This study analyzed the effect of alteplase on neurological function recovery and inflammatory responses. A mouse
model of acute cerebral infarction was prepared and intervened to obtain the mouse behavioral ability and neurological deficit score (mNSS), followed by detection of TNF-α and IL-6, Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining of brain, and expression of TNF-α, IL-6
and HMGB1. The weight, diet and water consumption of mice in model group were lower and TTC staining found no cerebral ischemia in control group, while mice in the model group showed small and scattered infarcts and focal infarcts in the cortex and subcortex. Moreover, alteplase had a positive
recovery effect on neurological function of acute cerebral infarction, and this process may be related to decreased HMGB1 level. Enzyme thrombolytic therapy can promote neurological function recovery and reduce inflammatory response in mice with acute cerebral infarction. Alteplase thrombolytic
therapy can promote neurological function recovery and reduce inflammatory response in acute cerebral infarction by inhibiting HMGB1 level, down-regulating TNF-α and IL-6, and slowing down the disease development.
Reducing the injury of hippocampal vascular endothelial cells after stroke via targeting SIRT1 by butylphthalide
Authors: Yang Xiaoli , Wang Zheng , Zhang Yanru , Ji Jingjing , Wang Mengshuai , Ma Haifang
Published: February 2024

Butylphthalide (NBP) can inhibit various pathological processes of ischemic stroke. This experiment explored the mechanism of NBP and SIRT1 on damage of hippocampal vascular endothelial cells after stroke. The neurons in the hippocampus of rats were stained with HE, and morphology and
density of neurons were observed. Flow cytometry, commercial kits and Western blotting detected apoptosis of endothelial cells, levels of antioxidant enzymes and apoptotic proteins, intracellular calcium level and activity of Ca2+-ATPase. The damage to rat nerve cells was alleviated
by butylphthalide to varying degrees, and the lost parts of rat nerve cells were recovered with decreased Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression after butylphthalide treatment, and increased Bcl-2 (P <0.05), as well as decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content and activity of catalase
(CAT) decreased and elevated Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (P <0.05). The concentration of calcium ion also decreased but activity of Ca2+-ATPase increased (P <0.05) and mitochondria in the model group appeared with severe vacuolation and swelling. The
vacuolation and swelling of mitochondria in the treatment group were improved. Additionally, mitochondrial membrane fluidity, potential and rat hippocampal ATPase activity in butylphthalide group were also increased. Compared to normal control group, model group, SIRT1 inhibitor group and
butylphthalide+SIRT1 inhibitor group had lower levels of SIRT1 and higher p-NF-kB p65/p-IkBα levels. Butylphthalide has a protective effect on hippocampal neurons in stroke rats and can alleviate the damage degree of rat nerve cells.
Geological and structural characteristics of the zengjiacun copper deposit in jinggu, southern yunnan: A comprehensive analysis of three-dimensional ore-controlling structures
Authors: Yang Fengming , Yang Changhua , Jiang Yongguo , Yang Dingbing , He Jinghua , Li Xing
Published: February 2024

The Zengjiacun copper deposit is situated in the northeastern part of the Minle copper deposit, located in Jinggu County, Yunnan Province. It is one of the typical deposits in southern Yunnan. In this paper, we employ the theory and method of ore field tectonics to elucidate the formation
mechanism of ore bodies and their structural controls on hosting spaces. The regional geological structure exerts control over lithofacies paleogeography and magmatic activity within this area, directly influencing the formation and distribution of various endogenetic and exogenetic minerals
such as Songjiapo, Nanwenghe, Wengkongba, and Dadutian. Under the combined influence of regional crustal uplift and nearly east-west compression stress during the Yanshanian period, strata within this region underwent folding and interlaminar sliding processes. Notably, due to differences
in rigidity between limestone and sand mudstone lithologies, limestone formations became brittle and prone to fracturing. This resulted in the development of interlaminar fracture zones that provided pathways for tectonic hydrothermal fluids to migrate and accumulate, ultimately leading to
the formation of a reformed copper deposit. Tectonic stress variations have led to increased complexity within strata and ore bodies present in the northern section where local closed folds have formed. However, the stratum and copper body in the south part are inclined to the East in a gentle
wave shape due to relatively small tectonic stress. Overall, understanding these structural controls on mineralization is crucial for guiding exploration efforts both at depth as well as around periphery areas surrounding this deposit.
Recycling of LiCoO2 from the cathode of a waste lithium battery via reduction in a molten salt
Authors: Yan Xu , Li Zhen , Wang Xiaomin , Li Jidong , Xing Hongxuan , Feng Enrui
Published: February 2024

A new method for recycling and resynthesizing a lithium battery cathode material was developed. A LiCl-KCl molten salt was used as a medium. The raw materials were LiOH·H2O obtained by membrane electrolysis and Co2O3 obtained by carbothermal reduction,
and the high-performance cathode material LiCoO2 was synthesized by molten salt method, and then placed into a battery for recycling. The specific reaction process and reaction kinetics for the LiCoO2 synthesis were studied by TG-DSC thermal analyses. The effects of different
reaction conditions on the structure and morphology of the LiCoO2 were studied by XRD and SEM. The battery performance of the LiCoO2 was characterized with electrochemical analyses. The activation energies of the three endothermic reactions occurring in the synthetic
process were calculated with the Kissinger method and were 34.212 kJ·mol−1, 168.53925 kJ·mol−1 and 221.26181 kJ·mol−1. The experimental battery prepared from a LiCoO2 sample calcined at 720 °C for 7 h showed
first charge–discharge specific capacities of 150 mAh/g and 147 mAh/g, and the coulombic efficiency was 98%. The discharge specific capacity after 50 charge and discharge cycles was still 129 mAh/g. The battery showed good charge and discharge performance after rate cycling.
Flexible pressure sensor based on thermoplastic polyurethane/polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber membranes
Authors: Song Lisha
Published: February 2024

The mechanical flexibility of flexible sensors primarily originates from sensitive flexible materials. Therefore, the key to developing new flexible mechanical sensors lies in constructing high-performance sensitive flexible materials. In this study, we employ a coaxial electrostatic
spinning technique to prepare thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofiber membranes (NFM) with a core–shell structure for the construction of flexible piezoelectric mechanosensors. The utilization of TPU/PVDF NFM in flexible mechanosensors for human health
monitoring and environmental sensing is investigated. As a result, the excellent performance of this composite membrane was demonstrated by its high mechanical strength and flexibility, resulting in high sensitivity (GF: 0.42 V/kPa), low response time (100 ms), and wide sensing range (0.2∼5.0
kPa). Additionally, The TPU/PVDF NFM not only demonstrates excellent pressure sensing performance but also exhibits exceptional capabilities for human body sensing applications. Therefore, these results highlight that the TPU/PVDF NFM exhibits excellent pressure-sensing properties and holds
significant potential for applications in the fields of flexible robotics and wearable devices such as human-computer interfaces, intelligent healthcare systems, and artificial intelligence skin technologies.