bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pockets of Peace. Multi-sensory environments for young adults on the autism spectrum
Authors:   , Lockley Rebecca
Published: July 2022

The transition between adolescence and adulthood can be an emotionally and physically challenging time for everyone. This period of time is especially challenging for those who are on the autism spectrum as the change from a structured and supportive system to full independence can be sudden and unfamiliar. Unfortunately, there is little to no support systems in place to help aid young adults with this transition. Pockets of Peace explores how interior architecture can be used to help aid the well-being of young adults on the autism spectrum by creating a controllable and interactive multi-sensory experience that aims to cater to the vast diversity within autism.

The questions surrounding the design process were how to design for the vast diversity within autism, as well as how to improve the well-being of the users by reducing anxiety and stress without introducing negative behaviours and reactions. The method of tackling these uncertainties was to test the design in three ways, through the urban environment, within a program and through mass production. Each stage of design produced different questions and limitations surrounding the design’s effectiveness, which were then carried through to the next stage of the design to help aid development and to try and solve the questions and reduce the limitations. The final outcome of this project will be a set of design guidelines aimed as a guide to help future designers. These design guidelines will provide an important framework for autism design as well as contribute to the interior architecture discipline. By continuing this process, there will be a greater public understanding of autism as well as how design can either positively or negatively affect the daily lives of those who are on the autism spectrum.
The nature of phonological representations in a second language
Authors:   , La Cruz Erwin
Published: July 2022

This study explores the nature of phonological representations in a second language (L2). In particular, it explores whether abstract and exemplar phonological representations are available to adult learners of an L2. To do this, the study looks at the ability learners have to perceive and store fine phonetic detail in an L2, and their ability to generalise perceptual learning. Particular attention is paid to the effect of speaker variation in the perception of phonological categories that are difficult to learn in an L2. The population studied is Spanish native speakers who are learning English as a foreign language.

To investigate L2 learners’ ability to store acoustically rich representations in their L2, three experiments were conducted. The results from these experiments indicate that L2 learners can store phonetic detail which facilitates lexical access of words previously experienced in the same voice. However, this ability does not guarantee good discrimination of L2 phonological contrasts. On the contrary, acoustic variation due to different speakers can make the perception of non-native contrasts more difficult. Despite this difficulty, this study found that L2 learners can generalise to other voices and lexical items, which suggests that L2 learners can abstract the knowledge gained from exposure to a specific set of exemplars.

This study contributes to the ongoing discussion about the nature of phonological representations. The difficulty of learning new phonological categories in an L2 has been previously presented as evidence of the abstract nature of phonological representations. Nevertheless, the results of this study show that L2 learners can preserve some of the acoustic characteristics of words they have experienced, which indicates that, for L2 learners, phonological representations cannot be purely abstract. Considering that abstract representations are also available to L2 learners, the results of the thesis support the development of hybrid models of L2 phonology learning.
Validating the English Language Exam for university entry in Shanghai, China
Authors:   , Book Matthew
Published: July 2022

The University Entrance Exam (UEE) plays a vital role in the Chinese education system. Yet despite it being a high-stakes exam for over nine million senior high school students each year, there is little research demonstrating that the UEE is of an appropriate quality. This is partly due to the very nature of the UEE. Little information about it is publicly available and there has been no significant validation research.

This study provides the first comprehensive attempt to validate the University Entrance English Exam. The study is focused on the Shanghai English Language Exam, which is one of the principal tests for university entry in Shanghai. There were two phases in the study. The first was a qualitative content analysis, which compared the past 10 years of UEE papers with English Curriculum Standards, and with Bachman and Palmer’s model of language ability, in both instances with the aim of identifying what the UEE is actually testing. The second phase conducted empirical studies, namely mock exams, classroom observations and interviews, and think-aloud tasks. Six test qualities – reliability, construct validity, authenticity, interactiveness, impact, and practicality – were measured in these studies. The mock exam participants were first-year university students, whereas classroom observations, interviews and think-aloud task participants were senior high school students.

In the first phase the study found that by English Curriculum Standards, the UEE adequately tested language skills and language knowledge but failed to test affect and attitude, learning strategies, and cultural understanding by those same standards. Measured against Bachman and Palmer’s model of language ability, the UEE focused on grammatical and textual knowledge and strategic competence but not functional and sociolinguistic knowledge. In the second phase the study found variable responses, with impact registering highest and authenticity registering lowest.

The UEE has been the subject of much controversy, but this study, while critical of it in a number of aspects, finds that overall its performance is above average and better than many of its critics would concede. Given the controversy, the study has important implications for stakeholders, particularly curriculum developers, examination designers, universities and schools, and teachers and students, allowing them to make far better informed decisions concerning this high-stakes exam than has previously been possible.
Rehab: Recovery through atmospheric designed environments
Authors:   , Yung Gordon
Published: July 2022

The design of new healthcare environments in architecture are challenging the historical model of a centralized hospital typology. This has resulted in the establishment of public and private institutions which aim to offer a more personal service to their patients. This thesis questions: how can we design environments, to create a closer connection between people and place? and how can this design-research improve the relationship between patients and their social and physical environments, to further facilitate the rehabilitation process of spinal and brain injuries? This proposition led to an evolving design methodology that was developed through three distinct design phases, in order to understand the premise of atmosphere and its relationship with architecture. The first engaging with conceptual methods of design testing, all of which were analogue in their exploration and representation of atmosphere. The second bought focus to site and the establishment of place, through the act of form making and exterior relationships. Finally, the third design phase critically engaged with the learnings of the previous two phases, where the design process bought awareness to the reciprocal and sensitive relationship between the interior spaces and exterior landscape. This involved the final iteration being designed from inside to outside, as a method of facilitating patient recovery and rehabilitation. The result of this final design exploration is a building which connects people and place through a focus on thresholds and intimacy.

In conclusion this thesis argues that creating atmospheric architecture provides the potential for the patients to engage with their environment - to support their wellbeing – by connecting them through the scale and atmosphere of the domestic.
The role of the serotonin reuptake transporter on cytoskeletal drebrin A expression in dendritic spines: Implications for neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors:   , Chaji Daniel
Published: July 2022

Knockout of the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) in murine animals has been shown to model various neuropsychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and substance use disorder. Moreover, evidence suggests that abnormalities in glutamatergic synapses at the level of dendritic spines may be involved in the aetiology of these disorders. This thesis investigated the extent to which the SERT knockout model adequately parallels dendritic spine abnormalities associated with these disorders. This investigation focused on an oft-neglected F-actin binding protein highly-localised to dendritic spines, drebrin A, because any changes to dendritic spines would result in changes to drebrin expression, alongside more common markers for assessing synaptic activity, PSD95 and synaptophysin. The frontal cortex was assessed across the three SERT knockout genotypes at a pre-weaning timepoint and at early adulthood. Results indicated a pattern towards reduced expression for drebrin, PSD95 and synaptophysin at the mRNA level, as well as reduced synaptophysin expression at the protein level, at the pre-weaning stage among SERT knockout animals. No synaptic abnormalities were observed at early adulthood. These abnormalities during development were mirrored by a substantial reduction in dendritic spine density on SERT knockout mature cortical neurons in vitro. The recently developed and highly-sensitive in situ hybridization method for assessing mRNA expression in tissue, RNAscope®, was also optimised for drebrin mRNA. Altogether, the results suggested that serotonergic activity influences dendritic spine density and synaptic marker expression insofar as the serotonin system acts as a neuromodulator of the glutamate system, which coincides with the peri- and post- natal development period. These effects seemed to result in aberrations to glutamatergic neurotransmission and dendritic spine activity, which may be contribute to the mechanisms involved in neuropsychiatric disorder pathophysiology. Finally, a model involving activation of the 5-HT2A receptor to partly explain the findings in this thesis, is proposed.
Crystal-specific insights from rhyolite eruptive deposits into volatile element transfer in the magmatic system below Taupō volcano
Authors:   , Sharpe Max
Published: July 2022

Knowledge on the chemical pathways of volatiles in large silicic magmatic systems, from the parental mantle-derived mafic magmas to their more evolved silicic derivatives, is central to understanding a range of topics from magmatic processes through to the climate impacts of volcanism, as well as geothermal and ore resources. However, establishing the pre-eruptive volatile contents of magma from silicic eruptive deposits requires capturing the intermediate steps of the magmatic evolution. The concentrations of sulfur, chlorine, and fluorine were investigated in selected deposits from Taupō volcano: (1) silicic groundmass glass and microphenocryst apatite that equilibrated in the shallow melt-dominant magma body; (2) silicic melt and apatite inclusions sourced from deeper in the crystal mush; and (3) olivine-hosted basaltic melt inclusions representing the most primitive magmas. In-situ geochemical analyses were carried out on orthopyroxene and apatite from the Oruanui supereruption, orthopyroxene from post-Oruanui dacites and rhyolites, and high-Mg olivine from Taupō basaltic-andesite. The volatile contents at each stage reveal unique magmatic volatile pathways from the source magmas through to the silicic system, that are primarily a function of intensive parameters (pressure, temperature, oxygen fugacity), crystallising mineral phases, and the presence of an aqueous fluid phase. The relatively high sulfur contents in the basalts drop by ~2000 ppm to near detection limits in dacitic compositions due to pyrrhotite crystallisation during the magnetite crisis. In contrast, chlorine increases from basaltic to dacitic compositions, due to the incompatibility of chlorine in magmatic minerals. Fluorine values are similar between basaltic and dacitic-rhyolitic compositions, primarily controlled by the onset of amphibole/apatite crystallisation. Sulfur and chlorine are both inferred to partition strongly into an aqueous vapour across the whole range of silicic compositions analysed. Volatile pathways within the silicic magmas are faithfully recorded in apatite compositions, which can be a valuable petrological tool for assessing magmatic processes.
Gentle Pull How can the architecture within our dreams become real?
Authors:   , Roberts Alice
Published: July 2022

The dream is elusive. It sits comfortably just beyond grasp, oblivious to the waking world, giving and taking both influence and encouragement that reflects our memories. This push and pull is underestimated, mostly forgotten by one once awake. A process has been crafted in this research to bridge the gap between the two worlds (that of the dream and that of the awake). As a result of this process the dream moves from its metaphysical form to a more graspable reality, a tangible response that in turn settles the ambiguous disconnect between dreams and reality Dreams, here personal to the author, have been recorded over a period of nine months and their accumulation resulted in a Book of Dreams, which is presented as part of this thesis. Each dream was recorded consistently each morning using a process of text, sketching and painting to translate, interpret and represent it or to illustrate what had been experienced in the dream state during the preceding night. Such crafted recording process follows the lead of Carl Jung and Frederik van Eeden. Both psychoanalysts recorded their dreams over extended periods of time, to grasp their meaning for use in the psychology realm. Here, the process used dreams as an instigator and evolved as a design process. This thesis tests the idea of manifesting interior architecture through such design process.
Enigmatic High Palaeolatitude Forests of Gondwanaland - a Case Study from the New Zealand Jurassic
Authors:   , Thorn Vanessa C
Published: July 2022

Middle Jurassic fossil forest deposits from New Zealand, at a palaeolatitude of ~75-78 [degrees] South, provide evidence for a diverse vegetation association dominated by Filicopsida and Gymnospermopsida plants. Macrofloral and microfloral studies at present day Kawhia Harbour (North Island) and in the Curio Bay region (South Island) also recognise the preserved remains of Chlorophyta, Bryophyta and Lycopsida and interpret vegetation palaeo-profiles from the fossil flora assemblages. Fossil wood analysis identifies distinct, newly described taxa: Araucarioxylon sp. A, Araucarioxylon sp., Protocupressinoxylon sp. A, Podocarpoxylon sp. A and Protopodocarpoxylon sp.. Facies analysis implies vegetation growth in riverine depositional settings located on merged alluvial fan-toes along the Murihiku basin margin of the south-eastern Gondwanaland coast. Evidence from palaeosols and in-growth-position fossilised tree stumps suggest major floods inundated and destroyed successive forest generations at a minimum recurrence interval of at least 100-150 years. Interpretations from the distribution and structure of the in-growth-position fossilised tree stumps imply the growth of forests during the Middle Jurassic of varying, but generally high, densities with a distinct vertical structure of undergrowth, canopy and emergent layers. Analysis of fossil wood growth ring widths implies the trees grew rapidly when environmental conditions were favourable and that the forest productivity levels were comparable to those of modern tropical woodlands. Growth ring sequences studied imply dominantly uniform growing conditions, year to year, with variations possibly reflecting fluctuations in water supply. Rarely, variation in cell widths within individual growth rings suggests growth was disrupted during the first half of certain growing seasons, perhaps also due to changes in water supply or the occurrence of severe storms. Empirical solar radiation data from 75 [degrees] North applied to the Middle Jurassic palaeoenvironment and comparison with late-early Permian high palaeolatitude wood from Allan Hills in Antarctica suggests the trees were highly adapted to the near-polar light regime. Wood production was maximised even within the shaded canopy. Climatic parameters interpreted from the sediments and fossil flora suggest a near-tropical, but seasonal, palaeoclimate with wet and warm summers and arid, cool winters. These criteria compare well to simulated Jurassic Global Climate Models for the southeastern margin of Gondwanaland implying model reliability for the prediction of future global temperature trends
Synergised Ecologies: How can Landscape architecture intervene in fragmented landscapes of infrastructure?
Authors:   , McLachlan Eve Louise
Published: July 2022

This practice-led research critically investigates development patterns in transitional peri-urban landscapes through the lens of landscape design. Concerned with prevailing atomised land use, over-scaled infrastructures and resulting bereft social and non-human ecologies, the research pursues opportunities in the landscape for synergies between uses. Using a critical understanding of networked ecologies, the project aims to create landscapes that are more than the sum of their parts.

The research is sited in Taita Gorge, extending between the Silverstream and Pomare rail bridges and Western and Eastern Hutt Roads. This is a fragmented landscape, and an ideal site to investigate such prevailing tendencies amidst flooding risk. The study site is impacted by tectonic compaction resulting in tension between installed infrastructural systems and compressed spatial land uses¬. Here moments of conflict, or disharmonies, can be identified. The research discovers these points within the landscape milieu as both evident and latent conditions of the peri-urban situation. Using the notion of networked ecologies, the project finds a way to use conflict in the design process towards greater spatial integration and opportunity for public engagement to accrue quality and value for all human and non-human participants.

Using research into ecologies through key landscape discourse and precedent example projects, a clear understanding of open-system ecologies as a design tool is innovated. Thorough fieldwork and analytic is applied to understand and test the proposition that identified points of spatial conflict subtend compressed infrastructures of transport, and flooding incidence. The practice of landscape architecture is tasked with holding the potential to re-harmonise Identification of these conflict points is key to the design process. They are found through the exploration of past, existing and likely future infrastructural systems. By re-arranging these systems to allow for evolution together in a more coherent way, conflict points are exposed and realigned. This redefined spatial use generates design and identity gathering value in the process. The design led research thus labours to define discrete infrastructures acting in the landscape and reorganise them to create a revised network that is more than the sum of its parts. This research will contribute an alternative approach to the design of infrastructural landscapes that provision the social and the ecological in confined peri-urban contexts and may critically impact on land use zonings.
Analysis of Gas Flow Rate and Pressure Loss of Medical Mask Differential Pressure Tester
Authors: Lin Zechen , Zhang Qing , Sun Jianjun , Yao Xiujun
Published: July 2022

The objective of this study is to find a suitable method to overcome the pressure loss problem in the gas pipe during the gas exchange detection of medical masks. Based on the European Standards EN 14683, the parameters of a medical mask differential pressure tester were selected, subsequently two schemes of gas pipe layouts were designed, including four kinds of pipe diameter which are 4, 5, 6.5, and 8mm respectively. Lastly, the models of each scheme were established and imported into Fluent, and the relevant parameters were set for simulation. After data analysis, the results showed that among the four different pipe diameters, the pressure loss of 8mm diameter of the pipe was lower in both the schemes, additionally the pressure loss of the second scheme (the gas pipe was short and smooth) was lower under the same pipe diameter. At the flow rate of v = 8L/min, the pressure loss from the inlet to the measurement point is less than 200Pa, and the estimated measurement error is less than 1.5%. In conclusion, shortening the length of the pipe, and increasing the diameter of the pipe can reduce the gas pressure loss, subsequently improve the measurement accuracy of the medical mask differential pressure tester.
Analysis of Recurrence and Influencing Factors of Spontaneous Pneumothorax After Thoracoscopic Surgery
Authors: Zhang Duo , Dong Shaoyong , Li Hefei
Published: July 2022

This study was conducted to explore the factors that are influencing the recurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax after thoracoscopic surgery. Around 110 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax who underwent thoracoscopic bullectomy in Hebei Hospital from May 2017 to May 2021 were included in this study. The patients were divided into the recurrence group (15 cases) and the non-recurrence group (95 cases), and the influences of gender, age, smoking history, height, weight, operation time, the weight of the excised tissue, number of excised pulmonary bullae, postoperative chest tube maintenance time, duration of air leakage, and length of hospital stay on the recurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax after thoracoscopic surgery were investigated. This study found that the height/weight, operation time, duration of air leakage, number of pulmonary bullae removed, weight of the removed tissue, postoperative chest tube maintenance time, and duration of hospital stay in the recurrence group was 3.2 ± 0.4, 50.9 ± 1.2, 2.1 ± 0.4, 1.6 ± 0.2, 4.2 ± 1.3, 2.4 ± 1.5 and 7.2 ± 1.5, respectively. Meanwhile, the recurrence group was 2.6 ± 0.3, 50.8 ± 1.3, 1.3 ± 0.2, 1.8 ± 0.9, 4.4 ± 1.2, 4.1 ± 1.7 and 6.9 ± 1.6, respectively. After comparing the relevant factors between the recurrence group and the non-recurrence group, it was found that there was comparability between age, height/weight, duration of air leakage and postoperative chest tube maintenance time, where these factors were shown to affect the recurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax after thoracoscopic surgery, while gender, smoking, operation time, number of resected bullae, weight of resected tissue and length of hospital stay had no effect on recurrence after spontaneous pneumothoracoscopic surgery. In short, thoracoscopic bullectomy is the best clinical treatment for spontaneous pneumothorax, however the occurrence of recurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax after the operation, which is mainly influenced by the patient’s height/weight, postoperative air leakage duration, and chest tube maintenance time. Therefore, it is essential to pay attention to the surgical treatment of the patients, and fully identify the related factors of postoperative recurrence, thereby the follow-up clinical treatment can be carried out effectively.
Research Progress on the Relationship Between Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Premature Ovarian Failure from the Perspective of TCM Treatment
Authors: Yan Xiaoli , Li Nan
Published: July 2022

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a prevalent yet challenging condition in gynecology. Its incidence rate has been steadily rising in recent years and is trending among younger age groups. The premature failure of ovarian function, which poses a serious threat to women’s physical and mental health, has emerged as a topic of concern in current research. At present, it is believed that the causes of premature ovarian failure are multifaceted, and its pathogenesis is complex, some of which are still not well-understood. Therefore, this article discusses the research progress of the pathogenesis of premature ovarian failure caused by mitochondrial dysfunction and serves as a reference for the prevention and further research of this condition from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine treatment.
A Correlation Analysis of Postoperative Hypercoagulability and Peripheral Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhang Xuguang , Zhang Duo , Li Hefei
Published: July 2022

Objective: To explore the correlation between peripheral circulating tumor cells and hypercoagulability in patients with lung cancer after surgery. Methods: From January 2017 to December 2021, 89 patients with lung cancer who were treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University were selected as the research subjects, and a retrospective analysis was conducted to analyze and observe the D-dimer (DD), fibrinogen (FIB), and platelet (PLT) levels in peripheral blood, as well as detect peripheral CTC. Results: There were statistical differences in TMN staging, tumor metastasis, and lymph node metastasis in the clinical data, but there were no statistical differences in gender, smoking history, and pathological classification. After retrospective analysis and comparison of the patients, the DD (mg/ml), FIB (g/L), and PLT (×109/L) levels of the CTC positive group were 3.41 ± 0.58, 3.98 ± 0.87, and 367.26 ± 34.98, respectively; the CTC negative group’s DD (mg/ml), FIB (g/L), and PLT (×109/L) levels were 0.89 ± 0.49, 1.06 ± 0.45, and 234.69 ± 35.69, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant. The factors affecting the prognosis of patients included TMN staging and CTC; the number of CTC positives in the death group was significantly higher than that in the survival group, and there was a statistical difference between the groups. Gender, age, smoking history, pathological type, and surgical resection had no effect on the prognosis of patients. Among the enrolled patients, the survival rate was 71.91%. Conclusion: CTC-positive patients have a higher probability of hypercoagulability after surgery and are prone to tumor metastasis; thus, CTC can be used as a judgment index for the prognosis of patients.
The Level of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Its Relationship with Tumor Markers
Authors: Liu Rongfang , Li Ben , Zhang Xuguang
Published: July 2022

Objective: To explore the level of circulating tumor cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and its relationship with tumor markers. Methods: Fifty patients with NSCLC admitted to a hospital from March 2019 to February 2022 were retrospectively selected as the research subjects; their clinical data were sorted out and analyzed. All patients were examined for CTCs. According to their levels, the patients were divided into a positive group (30 cases, ? 4%) and a negative group (20 cases, < 4%). The positive rate of peripheral CTCs in patients with different gender, age, and pathological types of NSCLC, the positive rate of peripheral CTCs in patients with different staging of NSCLC, and the relationship between serum CEA, CA125, CYFRA21-1, and peripheral CTCs were analyzed and observed. Results: There was no significant difference in gender, age, and pathological type between the positive group and the negative group. There was also no significant difference in the T staging, N staging, and M staging between the positive group and the negative group. However, there was significant difference in the clinical staging of the positive group and the negative group. The CEA, CA125, and CYFRA21-1 of the positive group were 7.45 ± 1.26, 38.56 ± 4.12, and 5.01 ± 1.36, respectively, whereas those of the negative group were 5.12 ± 1.22, 32.69 ± 4.01, and 3.87 ± 1.25, respectively. The comparison between the two groups was statistically significant. Conclusion: CTCs provide the possibility of detecting cancer before the use of imaging methods, guide treatment in combination with other tumor markers, monitor postoperative treatment, and predict patients’ outcome.
An In Vitro Comparison of Different Irrigants Used for the Removal of Calcium Hydroxide from Root Canal Walls
Authors: Poornima Prabhavathi
Published: July 2022

Aim: This study was aimed to appraise the effectiveness of different activated irrigants in removing the inter appointment calcium hydroxide dressing from the walls of root canal system. Methodology: Forty single rooted premolars were collected and instrumented using ProTaper rotary files, followed by the application of calcium hydroxide dressing. After incubating for a week, the teeth were randomly allocated into four experimental groups (n= 10), based upon the irrigant used: saline, sodium hypochlorite, 70% ethanol, 10% citric acid. The sample teeth were then cleaved buccolingually and the amount of residual calcium hydroxide on the walls of root canal was assessed under a stereomicroscope with 40x magnification. Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s post hoc test compared the groups and the level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: None of the irrigants could completely get rid of calcium hydroxide from the root canals. Irrigation with 10% citric acid produced significantly cleaner canal walls, followed by 70% ethanol. There was no significant statistical difference between the saline and sodium hypochlorite groups. Conclusion: The present study denotes that citric acid and ethanol enhanced the cleansing of the root canal walls, leaving least amount of residual calcium hydroxide when compared to the commonly used irrigants such as saline and sodium hypochlorite
Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis – Need for Early Recognition: A Case Report
Authors: N Sanjeev , Singh Madhumati , S Rohit
Published: July 2022

An uncommon, yet severe condition, Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) arises from sinus infections, most commonly in the ethmoid or the sphenoid, and less commonly from odontogenic or otogenic. CST is caused due to venous drainage obstruction in the orbital region and the cranial nerves, which are compressed as they are in close association with the cavernous sinus (CS). Before the use of antibiotics, there was a fatality and mortality rate of 80%–100%; however, the new generation of antibiotics has significantly reduced the incidence, mortality, and morbidity of CST. Conditions causing immunosuppression not only increase the risk of incidence of CST but also severe complications associated with it. Despite improvements in imaging modalities and antibiotics, morbidity remains high. Most of the patients experience neurological sequelae. This article highlights the severity of CST, along with the need for its early recognition, diagnosis, and different treatment modalities.
Biological post: An Avant-Garde approach
Authors: Sanketh Archana K , Kalavathy N , Shetty Vikash , Shetty Mitha M , Kumar P Roshan , Rajendran Gayathri
Published: July 2022

It is not uncommon to see fracture or loss of tooth structure due to caries of the anterior teeth, be it primary or permanent dentition. Successful functional, structural and esthetic rehabilitation of anterior teeth has always been a challenge in restorative dentistry. Though there are various accepted treatment modalities, there is always continuous hope of developing newer techniques, in order to overcome the drawback of existing treatments. This paper discusses the use of a simple, yet successful, cost-effective treatment option of restoring anterior teeth with the use of biological posts through two case reports.
Effectiveness of Chlorhexidine Varnish on the Prevention of Root Caries: A Narrative Review
Authors: Pawar Pallavi , Puranik Manjunath P , S R Uma
Published: July 2022

Root surface caries is a common problem encountered in elderly dental patients. It is an increasingly serious problem; especially amongst the institutionalized elderly population where poor oral hygiene arises primarily from the lack of appropriate supervision and support from care staff. The prevention of caries on the root surface is targeted at the control of plaque. As it is difficult to ensure adequate plaque removal by mechanical means, there lies an interest in the use of antimicrobial agents as replacements or to be adjuncts to the mechanical approaches. Among all chemical plaque control agents, chlorhexidine has proven to be effective. Chlorhexidine (CHX) has been studied as an antimicrobial agent for the chemical control of plaque formation and the prevention of root caries. It is bactericidal at higher concentrations. Its antibacterial spectrum covers Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, yeast, and virus. The inhibition of Streptococcus mutans was persistent with CHX varnishes (CHX-V), followed by gels and mouthwashes, and also helped to control established root lesions and also reduced the root caries lesion incidence. This article provides a review regarding the effectiveness of CHX-V on the prevention of root caries.
Pengaruh Mobilitas dan Jumlah Pengguna pada Kualitas Layanan Software Defined Wireless Network (SDWN)
Authors: Tama Arsy Bilahil , Suartana I Made
Published: July 2022

Abstrak— Dari kemajuan teknologi jaringan yang sangat pesat lahirlah Software Defined Network (SDN) pada pertengahan tahun 1990-an, untuk mengatasi kerumitan konfigurasi jaringan yang sangat kompleks. SDN menawarkan fungsionalitas jaringan yang fleksibel, dinamis, dan dapat diprogram, serta banyak keuntungan lain seperti kontrol yang terpusat, pengurangan kompleksitas konfigurasi, dan penghematan dalam instalasi jaringan. Sehingga saat ini konsep SDN digunakan termasuk pada jaringan nirkabel. Jaringan nirkabel sendiri berkembang karena kesederhanaan dan kebebasan, akan tetapi karena faktor mobilitas itu sendiri sangat berpengaruh terhadap kinerja jaringan. Mobilitas menjadi tantangan dan pertimbangan saat pengembangan jaringan nirkabel. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analisis terhadap jaringan SDN yang berbasis teknologi nirkabel atau dikenal dengan Software Defined Wireless Network (SDWN). Pada penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh model mobilitas Gauss Markov, Random Direction, Random Walk, dan Random Waypoint terhadap kinerja jaringan SDWN. Dari hasil uji coba didapatkan dari keempat model mobilitas terhadap jumlah 4 station, 10 station, 20 station. Pada hasil parameter Throughput setiap pertambahan station nilai Throughput mengalami penurunan, pada parameter packet loss dengan setiap pertambahan stations nilai packet loss semakin naik, hasil pengukuran Receive Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) dilihat secara keluruhan setiap mobilitas dengan seiringan pertambahan station nilai RSSI semakin naik, pada pengujian Tx-bytes pada model mobilitas Random Direction dan Random Waypoint memiliki nilai konstan tetapi pada model mobiliatas Gauss-Markov dan Random Walk.
Penerapan Data Mining Untuk Clustering Menu Favorit Menggunakan Algoritma K-Means (Studi Kasus Kedai Expo)
Authors: Prasetiani Setri Dwi , Rochmawati Naim
Published: July 2022

Abstrak— Perkembangan bisnis tentang café di Indonesia sekarang, sedang berkembang dengan pesat. Hal ini dikarenakan lifestyle generasi millennial sekarang adalah bermain di café untuk sekedar menghabiskan waktu luang, rapat maupun kegiatan lainnya, sehingga banyak café baru yang buka. Setiap café pasti akan menyediakan menu makanan, minuman dan camilan yang kekinian dan harga terjangkau.  Makanan, minuman dan camilan atau daftar menu ini bisa di cluster untuk mengetahui mana daftar menu apa saja yang menjadi menu favorit di cafe tersebut. Salah satu algoritma clustering adalah k-means. Beberapa penelitian serupa dilakukan menggunakan k-means dengan menghitung jarak menggunakan rumus euclidean distance.

            Penelitian ini akan meng-cluster makanan, minuman dan camilan dengan menggunakan k-means dengan menghitung jarak menggunakan manhattan distance dengan studi kasus di kedai expo. Dari hasil perhitungan clustering tersebut menghasilkan menu favorit Cluster 1, untuk nilai tertinggi pada makanan Bule Fried Rice, minuman Greentea Frappe, dan camilan Greentea Madness. Cluster 2, untuk nilai tertinggi pada makanan OOT Bolognese, minuman Ice Milo Coffee, dan camilan Pisang Ceper Cokju. Cluster 3, untuk nilai tertinggi pada makanan Indomie Blackpaper Beef, minuman Choco Nutella Shake, dan camilan Chocoreo Banana Nugget. Hasil perhitungan nilai akurasi yang didapatkan dari masing – masing kategori adalah 92% untuk kategori makanan; 84,2% untuk kategori minuman dan 85 % untuk kategori camilan.
Identifikasi Citra Daun Tanaman Herbal Menggunakan Metode Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
Authors: Pujiati Rosida , Rochmawati Naim
Published: July 2022

Sebagian masyarakat Indonesia memanfaatkan sumber bahan obat tradisional dan obat alam secara turun-temurun. Sumber bahan obat tradisional dan obat alam tersebut didapatkan dari tanaman herbal. Tanaman herbal diketahui memiliki senyawa tertentu sehingga dapat berkhasiat bagi kesehatan. Banyak spesies tanaman herbal memiliki kemiripan yang tinggi sehingga sulit untuk membedakannya. Dengan begitu, sistem pengenalan tanaman otomatis akan bermanfaat untuk membantu masyarakat dalam mengidentifikasi tanaman herbal. Sistem identifikasi pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Convolutional Neural Network. Metode CNN merupakan suatu metode Deep Learning yang dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi serta mengklasifikasikan sebuah objek pada citra digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan 33 kelas tumbuhan herbal. Dataset yang digunakan yaitu 21.450 citra tumbuhan herbal, dimana dataset tersebut dibagi menjadi 16.500 training, 3.300 validasi, dan 1.650 testing. Pada proses training dan validasi  dilakukan sebanyak 150 epoch, yang mendapatkan akurasi tertinggi sebesar 94% dengan loss terendah 0,28. Untuk nilai akurasi pada proses testing sebesar 84%, dengan mengidentifikasi 1.382 citra daun tanaman herbal secara benar dari total 1.650 citra yang ada.
Analisis Quality Of Service (QoS) Pada Routing Protocol Routing OSPF (Open Short Path First)
Authors: Kurniawan Kevin , Prihanto Agus
Published: July 2022

Pada saat ini kemajuan perkembangan jaringan komputer dan teknologi informasi sangatlah pesat, karena bertambah tingginya kebutuhan dalam mencari informasi. Jaringan komputer merupakan teknologi penggabungan antara beberapa komputer dengan jalur komunikasi seperti internet. Internet adalah sebuah Autonomous System yang saling terhubung untuk melakukan pengiriman paket data dimana diperlukan protokol routing tertentu. Terdapat 2 jenis routing yaitu routing statis dan routing dinamis,. Open Short Path First (OSPF) merupakan salah satu macam routing dinamis. Routing OSPF dapat membuat jaringan yang telah terhubung tidak mengalami terjadinya looping, karena jalur utama dan terbaik telah dipilih dan jalur yang lainnya dicadangkan. Maka jika jalur yang utama bermasalah, maka jalur cadangan akan mengambil alih fungsi tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan agar dapat mengetahui protokol routing mana yang memiliki kinerja terbaik. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah membandingkan performansi antara Routing Statis dengan Routing Dinamis OSPF.  Penelitian dibangun pada software GNS3 dan dilakukan 5 kali pengukuran dengan paramater Quality Of Service (QoS) yaitu throughput, delay dan jitter menggunakan Wireshark Network Analizer Tools serta mengukur Waktu Konvergensi pada Routing OSPF.

Hasil pengujian simulasi yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa routing protocol OSPF lebih baik dengan pengukuran delay saat kondisi normal dan saat terjadi pemutusan jalur juga lebih optimal untuk hasil parameter throughput, delay dan jitter dibandingkan dengan routing statis. Sedangkan hasil pengujian Waktu Konvergensi  menunjukkan bahwa routing OSPF memiliki nilai 2,4 ms dan 1,2 dengan menggunakan 5 router dan pada 3 router memiliki nilai 0,45.  Dengan demikian semakin kecil jumlah node, maka jaringan OSPF semakin cepat waktu konvergensi yang diperlukan.  

Kata Kunci— OSPF, GSN3, Wireshark, QoS, Konvergensi
Implementasi K-Nearest Neighbor dengan Pemilihan Fitur pada Aplikasi Prediksi Kelayakan Pengajuan Pinjaman
Authors: Hermawan Fani Fadillah , Yamasari Yuni
Published: July 2022

Dalam kehidupan manusia tidak lepas dari yang dinamakan pemenuhan kebutuhan sehari-hari. Baik itu kebutuhan primer ataupun sekunder. Dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan tersebut pasti dibutuhkan dengan alat transaksi yang disebut dengan uang. Uang dapat didapatkan oleh manusia dari berbagai macam cara, mulai dari bekerja sebagai pencaharian utama atau primer hingga melakukan peminjaman uang sebagai pendapatan penunjang seorang manusia selain bekerja. Pada umumnya proses seleksi pemberian pinjaman, pihak kreditur akan melakukan proses seleksi dengan metode analisis kredit atau bisa disebut dengan prinsip 5C. Namun seiring dengan majunya komputerisasi proses tersebut bisa diprediksi dengan menggunakan salah satu metode dalam data mining. Metode tersebut adalah K-Nearest Neighbor dengan seleksi fitur menggunakan korelasi Pearson. Fitur dengan peringkat tiga teratas dengan hasil korelasi paling tinggi yang akan digunakan untuk proses prediksi.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membantu kreditur dalam memprediksi kelayakan pengajuan pinjaman seorang debitur. Selama uji coba dengan memakai fitur yang telah terseleksi dan nilai K sebesar 3. Pencatatan dilakukan saat hasil kinerja terendah hingga tertinggi algoritma K-NN.  Kinerja terendah terjadi pada saat rasio perbandingan 5% data uji dan 95% data latih. Hal tersebut diindikasikan dengan hasil pengukuran MAE sebesar 0,26315789, Precission sebesar 76,92 , Recall sebesar 83,3 dan Accuracy sebesar 73,68%. Kemudian kinerja tertinggi terjadi pada saat rasio perbandingan 20% data uji dan 80% data latih. Hal tersebut diindikasikan dengan hasil pengukuran MAE sebesar 0, Precission sebesar 100 , Recall sebesar 100 dan Accuracy sebesar 100%.
Aplikasi Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Berbasis Web Dengan Pendekatan Gamifikasi Menggunakan Algoritma Linear Congruent Method
Authors: Sugiarto Alfin Falah , Qoiriah Anita
Published: July 2022

Abstrak—. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan pada tahun 2019 silam, pengguna Internet di Indonesia mencapai 274,9 Juta pengguna. Angka ini meningkat lagi pada saat Virus Covid-19 menyebar pada 2020 silam yang membuat semua pembelajaran dilakukan secara online. Data yang diambil dari Kemendikbud adalah rata-rata nilai UN (Ujian Nasional) untuk mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di bawah 65 pada tahun 2018 dan 2019. Angka ini sangat disayangkan karena Bahasa Indonesia digunakan sebagai bahasa sehari-hari tetapi mendapatkan nilai yang kurang maksismal. Dari fakta ini, penulis mencoba mengembangkan sebuah Web pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Web pembelajaran ini menggunakan menerapkan Gamifikasi dan metode pengacakan soal dengan Algoritma LCM (Linear Congruent Method). Web ini terdiri atas materi yang bisa dibaca oleh siswa dan Level yang bisa digunakan untuk menguji kemampuan pemahaman siswa atas materi tersebut. Pada Level diterapkan sistem KKM untuk mengetahui tolak ukur seorang siswa dalam penguasaanny pada materi tersebut. Apabila siswa tidak bisa memenuhi KKM maka siswa tidak bisa mengakses ke Level selanjutnya. Tujuan penggunaan Algoritma ini adalah untuk mengurangi kecurangan pengguna dalam mengerjakan soal. Pengujian pengacakan soal dilakukan oleh lima siswa dengan dua Level yang berbeda dan hasilnya tidak satupun dari setiap pengujian itu mendapatkan urutan soal yang sama. Black Box Testing juga dilakukan guna menguji jalannya program agar sesuai rancangan dan bisa segera memperbaiki bila ada kekurangan dalam program. Setelah dilakukan perancangan, pembuatan dan pengujian maka hasilnya adalah Web berhasil mengacak soal setiap kali ditampilkan oleh pengguna dan berhasil menerapkan Gamifikasi dengan sistem Level. Dan juga laman riwayat yang mempermudah guru untuk memantau hasil pengerjaan murid pada Level tersebut.

Kata Kunci— LCM (Linear Congruent Method), Web Pembelajaran, Algoritma, Metode Pengacakan Soal, Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia, Level
Implementasi Digital Watermarking Pada File Audio Mp3 Menggunakan Metode FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) Dan Fourier Transform
Authors: Yuana Defta Pradana , Prihanto Agus
Published: July 2022

Abstrak --- Digital Watermarking merupakan gambaran besar alur bagaimana pengguna digital salah satunya perusahaan musik atau musisi itu sendiri mengelolah data musiknya yang berupa file master mp3 dengan bertujuan memberi watermark agar data tersebut tidak mudah diplagiasi maupun disalin lalu disebarluaskan melalui pasar digital yang ada. Ada beberapa metode yang mempermudah bagi para developer dalam mengembangkan software aplikasi yaitu salah satunya metode FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum). FHSS sendiri ini adalah metode yang digunakan untuk bagaimana nantinya watermark akan disematkan melalui domain frekuensi, dimana frekuensi pembawa (spektrum audio) yang sebelumnya telah disematkan kode biner watermark selama hopping frekuensi yang telah ditentukan. Sebelum mengimplementasikan metode FHSS, ada beberapa metode pendekatan yaitu Fourier Transforms atau dengan cara framming (mengolah sample framerate data sinyal)  untuk menghitung nilai koefisien dari sinyal gelombang pembawa yang ditelah disematkan kode bit dari watermark, kemudian bit hasilnya akan disebar menggunakan angka pseudo acak dan parameter ketinggian amplitude alpha sebesar 0.005, beta 1, gama 0.5 kedalam data sinyal audio yang sudah disegmentasi, lalu menghasilkan output file audio yang telah diberi watermark. Ada beberapa metode untuk mengetahui seberapa jauh kuat watermark yang disematkan yaitu dengan cara pengujian ketahanan suatu file dengan 1) pengujian Kompresi dimana memberikan hasil memiliki keakuratan informasi watermark dan sedikit mengubah ukuran file, 2) pengujian Resampling dengan nilai samplerate/2 dimana memberikan hasil keakuratan informasi watermark dan beberapa file memiliki ukuran berbeda, 3) pengujian Cropping pada detik 00.02.00 sampai 00.03.00 dimana memberikan hasil tidak akurat terhadap informasi watermark dan secara ukuran file, jelas sekali memiliki perbedaan yang jauh, 4) pengujian Penambahan Noise memberikan hasil memiliki keakuratan informasi watermark dan ukuran file tidak terlalu berubah

 

Kata Kunci --- Audio, Watermarking, FHSS, Domain Frekuensi