bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Study of Service-Learning in a Spanish Heritage Speaker Course: Community Engagement, Identity, and Language in the Chicago Area
Authors: Petrov Lisa Amor
Published: July 2013

This article presents research findings from a pilot study of the use of service-learning in an intermediate-high class (“Spanish Language and Culture for Heritage Speakers”) in the fall semesters of 2010 and 2011. Students reported gains in the areas of communication skills, dispositional learning, language, identity formation, and identification and solidarity with Latino communities of the greater Chicago area. The author argues that service-learning in this context not only serves the goals of the discipline of teaching Spanish language and Hispanic cultures, but that it is also potentially transformative for students. Service-learning engages with social justice education, as well as education for democracy, pointing the discipline in a promising direction as Latino student enrollments continue to grow in the years to come.
How Service-Learning in Spanish Speaks to the Crisis in the Humanities
Authors: Carney Terri M.
Published: July 2013

Service-learning is a transformational pedagogy with timely application to the teaching and learning of foreign languages. In our current climate of assessment outcomes, language study and the humanities more generally tend to be devalued and rendered invisible by utilitarian models of evaluation. Incorporating service-learning courses and experiences into the foreign language classroom provides real-world immersion for students in their local linguistic and cultural communities, satisfies teachers’ desires to connect teaching and research to local community issues, and allows departments to meet institutional and educational goals. Indeed, service-learning points us to new definitions of old concepts—such as the role of the professor and the mission of the university—and embodies the paradoxes we must embrace in the new century.
Sustained Engagement with a Single Community Partner
Authors: Lear Darcy W. , Sánchez Alejandro
Published: July 2013

As scholarly work has recently turned its attention to the role of the community partner in Community Service-Learning (CSL) relationships, empirical frameworks for describing and executing community partnerships have emerged. This article applies those frameworks to one such partnership, which is presented from the perspective of both the community partner and the faculty member. The article details the work of the community partner and faculty member (coauthors) to design and revise CSL projects for a total of seven teams of business Spanish students. These projects advanced the work of a community organization serving Hispanic microentrepreneurs in need of support to formalize and grow their businesses.
Programas comunitarios de educación audiovisual como alternativa al aprendizaje-servicio en el extranjero
Authors: García Jorge , Pierce Joseph M. , Zambrano Alejandra
Published: July 2013

En julio de 2011, La Poderosa Media Project (LPMP) terminó su décimo programa comunitario de artes visuales en América Latina. Dicho programa reúne a jóvenes latinoamericanos con estudiantes universitarios estadounidenses en un taller de producción cinematográfica cuyo objetivo final es la realización de documentales y cortometrajes de ficción. El presente artículo se enfoca en el impacto de esta edición del programa de LPMP en los estudiantes de español como segunda lengua. Además se analiza, a partir de la afectividad, el efecto tanto de la producción artística como de la traducción intercultural en las subjetividades de los participantes estadounidenses. Más allá de una valoración del programa en su estado actual, este artículo es una proyección de sus implicaciones futuras para profesores y administradores que deseen diseñar e implementar programas de estudio en el extranjero con un componente de compromiso social en el que prime el aprendizaje experiencial a través de la integración de los estudiantes en la comunidad.
Social Networking, Microlending, and Translation in the Spanish Service-Learning Classroom
Authors: Faszer-McMahon Debra
Published: July 2013

This small-scale study analyzes the use of service-learning pedagogy via non-profit translation in the intermediate-level language classroom. Forty-three students at the intermediate-high level in three Spanish classes in Greensburg, Pennsylvania served as part of a translation team for the non-profit organization Kiva, which helps to fund microentrepreneurs throughout the Spanish-speaking world. This current study discusses theories of service-learning pedagogy, exploring how social networking and online collaborations can allow more students access to the benefits of service-learning, particularly those students studying in isolated regions with limited Spanish-speaking populations. This study also includes an analysis of student translations and student reflections and responses to the experience. Student work product demonstrates the promise of online collaborations for improving motivation as well as cultural and linguistic competence for students in regions with limited access to Spanish-speaking communities.
Community-based Learning, Internationalization of the Curriculum, and University Engagement with Latino Communities
Authors: Hartfield-Méndez Vialla
Published: July 2013

This article analyzes efforts at Emory University to understand international presences, focusing especially on Spanish-speaking communities and neighborhoods in Atlanta and Georgia, and to integrate these into the life of the university through engaged learning courses. Using a fresh look at the concepts of global citizenship and cosmopolitanism as a frame of reference, we consider the pedagogical goals of internationalization and of experiential learning, including ways that these can be met through innovative and thoughtful integration of the two. Of particular interest is the positioning of the Latino community as an internationalizing presence. Specific examples are curriculum revisions in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese and connections with other components of the undergraduate curriculum.
Linking Service-Learning Opportunities and Domestic Immersion Experiences in US Latino Communities: A Case Study of the “En Nuestra Lengua” Project
Authors: Tijunelis Viktorija , Satterfield Teresa , Benkí José R.
Published: July 2013

We report on the service-learning component of a Spanish-language Saturday school in Ann Arbor, Michigan, for elementary-aged Spanish-language heritage learners and also examine the newly forming Latino community served by this innovative program. The US Spanish-speaking population is growing throughout the country, resulting in greatly increased numbers of English language learners who enter the school system as heritage Spanish speakers. The current study provides compelling data that first language Spanish literacy support can be very beneficial for these students as they acquire English literacy. Such efforts also provide numerous experiential- and service-learning opportunities for native Spanish speakers, as well as for intermediate and advanced second language Spanish learners in this study. Both first- and second-language service-learners benefit from the Spanish immersion environment of the Saturday program outlined. Moreover, our case-study findings show that heritage students in the program and their largely immigrant parents are forming part of a diverse community that values bilingualism, Spanish literacy, and academic achievement.
Translation as a Multilingual and Multicultural Mirror Framed by Service-Learning
Authors: Bugel Talia
Published: July 2013

The service-learning Spanish translation course (Spanish 315: “Spanish in the Business World”) taught at Indiana University–Purdue University Fort Wayne in the fall of 2010 and spring of 2012 provided an ideal context for the students to connect with the Hispanic community in our geographical region. Once the connection through service was established, students learned about the significance of education for the Hispanic community and about the role of translation in ensuring full participation of Spanish-speaking parents in their children’s school experiences. Such connections and the knowledge that ensued were crucial to developing and delivering the best Spanish translations possible. The impact of our work extended beyond the initial expectations of engaging in community partnership and translating learning materials for use by Spanish-speaking families with children attending one of the local elementary schools. Apart from the translations, our products included a poster presentation by students at a service-learning summit, three faculty presentations at professional development events at the university, a 2011–12 community engagement faculty fellowship encompassing service, teaching and research, and a coauthored poster symposium at the National Research Outreach Conference. Regarding scholarship, a significant gain has been to learn how much translation and service-learning complement each other and engage the parties involved in partnership, providing a sound basis for the development of long-term multilingual and multicultural community projects.
Spanish Teacher Education Programs and Community Engagement
Authors: Jovanović Ana , Filipović Jelena
Published: July 2013

Theories of situated knowledge support that knowledge involves experience of practices rather than just accumulated information. While an important segment of foreign language teacher education programs focuses on the theoretical component of second/foreign language acquisition theories and relevant methodological concerns, it is mainly through practice that novice teachers construct their new professional identities. Consequently, typical teacher preparation programs require a number of classroom practice hours, which is not easily carried out in the educational context where there is a limited number of target language courses; such is the case of Spanish language instruction in Serbia. This study presents examples of two service-learning programs aimed at providing teaching practice for pre-service Spanish teachers in Serbia, while answering to the needs and interests of specific communities. The theoretical and practical implications of this investigation may help outline a model of foreign language teacher education programs for social and educational contexts that lack a large-scale target language audience. Issues of future foreign language teachers’ identity and cognition regarding the language education policy creation and the teaching process itself are also addressed.
Service-Learning Course Design for Languages for Specific Purposes Programs
Authors: Sánchez-López Lourdes
Published: July 2013

Experiential learning has become an important part of the higher education curriculum in the United States. Due to the integration of a “Community Engagement” category in the Classification of Institutions of Higher Education in the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching in 2006, many colleges and universities have recently included experiential learning credits in their graduation requirements. Although appealing to most students and many faculty members, this type of course can be very challenging to design and execute, and, therefore, it frequently diverts from the students’ area of specialty. This article proposes a model for incorporating meaningful experiential learning in Languages for Specific Purposes programs. The purpose of this model is to facilitate the course design and execution processes for faculty, students, and community partners, and to maximize the linguistic and educational learning outcomes of the students and the professional needs of the community.
When Service-Learning Is Not a “Border-crossing” Experience: Outcomes of a Graduate Spanish Online Course
Authors: Carracelas-Juncal Carmen
Published: July 2013

Research on Spanish service-learning has focused mainly on the outcomes of service-learning for undergraduate students learning Spanish as a second language. This article examines the role of service-learning in a graduate online course for practicing Spanish teachers and the outcomes of the service-learning experience for three participants who identified themselves as members of the Spanish-speaking community. The results of the study illustrate the need to design service-learning courses that take into account the backgrounds and specific learning outcomes of these students.
Integrated or Isolated Experiences?: Considering the Role of Service-Learning in the Spanish Language Curriculum
Authors: Barreneche Gabriel Ignacio , Ramos-Flores Héctor
Published: July 2013

The principal aim of this project is to examine whether academic service-learning deserves a more intentional place in foreign language programs, given its success on the individual course level. The focus will be on Spanish language programs, since they teach the most commonly learned foreign language in the United States and have proven to be on the vanguard of service-learning and language instruction. Following a careful evaluation of the theoretical frameworks of service-learning pedagogy on the whole and in the realm of language instruction, we will explore national trends in the implementation of service-learning on the curricular level of language programs. Finally, this paper will discuss the future of implementing service-learning in language program curricula by examining the conditions necessary for the successful institutionalization of service-learning in the Spanish curriculum as well as potential drawbacks and obstacles to this increased presence in the language curriculum.
Taking Spanish into the Community: A Novice’s Guide to Service-Learning
Authors: Ebacher Colleen
Published: July 2013

Greater interest from students, universities, and communities has increased pressure on faculty to design and implement service-learning courses. Often with no prior experience and limited institutional and programmatic guidance, faculty must make their way through a growing body of literature on service-learning. This article presents a novice service-learning instructor’s guide to designing, implementing, and assessing a service-learning course through the example of an upper-division Spanish translation course. I present theoretical explanations of why service-learning works and how to design and assess the course while delineating the fundamental principles of successful service-learning. Results show that service-learning strengthens student learning and civic engagement and that service-learning courses may be led successfully by instructors with limited time and experience.
The Brain and the Unconscious Soul in Eighteenth-Century Nervous Physiology: Robert Whytt’s Sensorium Commune
Authors: Bassiri Nima
Published: July 2013

This article examines the work of eighteenth-century Scottish physician Robert Whytt. With a philosophical sensibility, Whytt produced a theory of the nerves that viewed the nervous system as an organic unity, one that continuously integrated man’s vital motions and rational capacities. With Whytt, the human had become “nervous” through and through, that is, neurologically self-unified to the point that nervous illness itself became a contingency that folded back into the nervous norm. The article examines Whytt’s writings along with some of the conceptual challenges surrounding the nature of the brain and nerves that historically converged in his work.
The Reception of Reginald Scot’s Discovery of Witchcraft: Witchcraft, Magic, and Radical Religion
Authors: Davies S. F.
Published: July 2013

This article considers the reception of Reginald Scot’s skeptical Discouerie of Witchcraft (1584). As well as the surprisingly mixed reception of the first edition, this article examines the publication of the second edition. The latter appeared in 1651, long after Scot’s death; the possible reasons for its publication have never been examined. Not only interest in witchcraft but other kinds of magic and even religious radicalism may have been involved. Such an examination offers an insight into the possible ways in which Scot’s work was read, and suggests that the work had an impact beyond the field of witchcraft theory.
Idolatry and Accommodation: “Histoires” and Their Natural-Philosophical Interpretations in Simon Goulart’s Commentaires et annotations sur la Sepmaine de Du Bartas (1583)
Authors: Garrod Raphaële
Published: July 2013

This paper focuses on a specific instance of early modern Calvinist natural theology:
what hermeneutics did reading the book of Nature through the spectacles of Scripture entail in Simon Goulart’s Commentaires et annotations sur la Sepmaine de Du Bartas? Goulart systematically reduces “idolatrous” mythological fables to their natural-philosophical content. He distinguishes these deceitful fables or “histories” from the natural-philosophical lessons that God accommodated to man’s understanding in the true “histories” of Scripture. However, this paper shows that the dismantling of idolatrous fables and the natural-philosophical interpretation of divine accommodation rely on the same rhetorical processes, namely allegory and narrative
Philo Judaeus and Hugo Grotius’s Modern Natural Law
Authors: Jones Meirav
Published: July 2013

Hugo Grotius is commonly accepted as the first modern natural law theorist, yet Grotius’s definition of natural law was not new and what, if anything, was “modern” about his natural law remains a subject of debate. This paper suggests that a key to the novelty of Grotius’s natural law may be in the prominent role Philo Judaeus, cited 114 times in The Laws of War and Peace, played in Grotius’s natural law theory. Philo’s natural law is explored, and Philo’s connection between will and reason, among other aspects of his thought, are found to have contributed to Grotius’s modern conception.
Ernst Cassirer’s Writings
Authors: Meyer Thomas
Published: July 2013

This article analyses the main topics of Ernst Cassirer’s philosophy: the “unity of culture,” the “history of philosophy,” “philosophical anthropology,” and “political philosophy.” At the center of the essay are the new edition of Cassirer’s collected works, the twenty volumes of the “Hamburger Edition,” and new volumes of the “Nachlass-Edition,” both published by the Meiner Publishing House, Hamburg. The essay also offers a review of new English literature on Cassirer and emphasizes the importance and the relevance of Cassirer’s thought today.
Environmentalism and Civilizational Development in the Colonial British Histories of the Indian Archipelago (1783–1820)
Authors: Tsao Tiffany
Published: July 2013

This article argues that the British Histories of the Indian Archipelago written by William Marsden, Thomas Stamford Raffles, and John Crawfurd can be read as documents advocating better care and protection of the natural environment in the region. Extant scholarship has tended to discourage such a reading, although the writers express many beliefs and sentiments that suggest their ascription to what have been identified as early environmentalist views. The environmentalism of the Histories, however, rests on the belief that human cultivation was necessary for nature’s well being—a belief now seen as antithetical to the values of modern-day environmentalism.
Algeria versus the Arab Spring
Authors: Volpi Frédéric
Published: July 2013

What accounts for continuing authoritarian success in the Arab world today? In light of the “Arab Spring,” explanations of “authoritarian resilience” in the region clearly need to be revised. Consider the example of Algeria, which exemplifies a type of authoritarian resistance to popular challenges that is based on pseudodemocratization, redistributive patronage, and an effective use of the security apparatus. Despite its unsteady mode of authoritarian governance, the Algerian regime currently possesses the means to cope with the difficulties presented by popular uprisings. Yet it cannot survive in its current form for long, given its dwindling legitimacy, its lack of truly institutionalized mechanisms for transferring power, and the intrinsic limits of its system of patronage.
Transforming the Arab World’s Protection-Racket Politics
Authors: Brumberg Daniel
Published: July 2013

In the Arab world, pact-making has proven painful and sometimes politically (if not literally) fatal. There are many reasons for this. Two particularly worth mentioning are the persistence of sharp identity conflicts in Arab societies, and the skill with which the Arab world’s “protection-racket” autocracies have played upon these tensions for so long. Where they have fallen, these autocracies have left behind a tricky dilemma: Groups that they once shielded remain significant but cannot win elections, while their rivals (who can win elections) wonder why they should make concessions to sure losers.
The Durability of Revolutionary Regimes
Authors: Levitsky Steven , Way Lucan
Published: July 2013

Authoritarian regimes that have their origins in revolution boast a much higher survival rate than other brands of authoritarianism. What accounts for the durability of these revolutionary regimes (which the authors define—building on the work of Samuel Huntington and Theda Skocpol—as those which emerge out of sustained, ideological, and violent struggle from below, and whose establishment is accompanied by mass mobilization and significant efforts to transform state structures and the existing social order). Four variables emerge as decisive in explaining the durability of revolutionary regimes: The destruction of independent power centers, strong ruling parties, invulnerability to coups, and enhanced coercive capacity.
Latin America’s Authoritarian Drift: The Threat from the Populist Left
Authors: Weyland Kurt
Published: July 2013

Abstract:
Democracy has been on the defensive in contemporary Latin America; under the cover of progressive rhetoric, competitive authoritarianism has emerged. Leftist leaders like Hugo Chávez relied on populism to establish their political hegemony, erode institutional checks and balances, marginalize the opposition through discriminatory legalism, and severely skew political competition. Left-wing populism has done more damage to democracy than the rightist, neoliberal populism of the 1990s. Self-styled socialist leaders command more solid, durable support, use growing economic interventionism to boost their power, invoke nationalism as a shield against foreign democracy promotion, and act as a coordinated group in suffocating democracy.
Kenya’s 2013 Elections: Technology Is Not Democracy
Authors: Barkan Joel D.
Published: July 2013

Abstract:
The 2013 elections were Kenya’s fifth since the country returned to multiparty politics and the direct election of its president in 1992. Three of the preceding four elections were marked by violence. But in only one—the 2007 presidential contest—was the violence triggered by deep dissatisfaction with the electoral process and the electoral commission that administered the balloting. In an effort to avoid repeating the 2007 electoral debacle, Kenya’s election commission turned to technology, but its high-tech voter-registration and vote-count processes fell short. Its experience has important lessons both for emerging democracies and for international donors.
Kishore’s World
Authors: Emmerson Donald K.
Published: July 2013

This critique of the writings of Singaporean analyst Kishore Mahbubani argues that he reduces diversity and complexity to crude either-or stereotypes, as in his master narrative pitting “the West” against “the Rest.” In accusing “the Western mind” of being able to think only in black-and-white terms, he contradicts his own Manichean method. His prejudice against “the West” leads him to patronize Aung San Suu Kyi while distorting and deriding her motives as insufficiently pro-Asian. He falsely suggests that the people of China are happily enjoying good governance. And the great global “convergence” of countries and peoples that he claims to have discovered is incoherent.
Latin America’s Authoritarian Drift: Chavismo After Chávez?
Authors: Kornblith Miriam
Published: July 2013

Abstract:
Following Hugo Chávez’s election to the Venezuela’s presidency, where he remained from 1999 till his death of cancer in March 2013, the country went from being a representative, albeit flawed, democracy (1958–98) to being an “electoral authoritarian” or “competitive authoritarian” regime. But can the chavista model survive the demise of the strongman from whom it takes its name? By all appearances it has begun to break down with surprising speed since his death.
Jordan: The Ruse of Reform
Authors: Yom Sean L.
Published: July 2013

Why has Jordan’s authoritarianism remained so stubborn? What makes the country’s Hashemite monarchy exceptional is that virtually no constituency apart from domestic oppositionists and international human-rights organizations puts consistent pressure on the kingdom to democratize. Western policy makers and Jordanian officials have successfully cultivated the kingdom’s image as a “moderate” Arab state, an oasis of stability and key ally in the world’s most strategic and turbulent region. Foreign aid from the United States and its allies remains the kingdom’s economic lifeline, and thus the best means by which to encourage the regime to actually take popular demands into account in its next reform gambit. With stability on the line, the next five years will prove to be the crucible for the Jordanian crown.
Putin versus Civil Society: The Long Struggle for Freedom
Authors: Aron Leon
Published: July 2013

Abstract:
The Kremlin faces an existential dilemma. The semiauthoritarianism that has characterized Russia for two decades has within it sufficient basic freedoms, affluence, and access to the outside world to permit the emergence of new social movements that demand transparency, accountability and political participation. Russia has had a great deal of personal freedom but a small circle of people hold an almost complete monopoly on politics. The year 2011–2012 showed that this formula is no longer durable. The middle class is demanding political participation. To maintain a total monopoly on political offices at all levels the Russian government must now limit freedom for the society as a whole. It is not clear that this can be achieved without undermining their own appeal to the public and support within the elite.
Bahrain’s Decade of Discontent
Authors: Wehrey Frederic
Published: July 2013

Sparked by the protests in Tunis and Cairo, the 2011 Pearl Roundabout uprising was a watershed in the political life of Bahrain—an unprecedented challenge to the tiny island kingdom’s ruling bargain and, ultimately, its social fabric. And while the dramatic events unfolding in Tunis and in Tahrir Square may have sparked the Pearl Roundabout uprising, the seeds of dissent were sown much earlier, as Bahrain’s post-2001 parliamentary experiment came undone. Behind the tentative steps toward dialogue, the Bahraini parliament continues to loom as the country’s most contested institution and also the best-available foundation for lasting peace in the country and even for a political solution that would preserve al-Khalifa rule.
‘Time + materials: Choreographic experiments with labour and finance in The Dangerologists’ Work Songs’
Authors: Chow Broderick D. V.
Published: July 2013

This article discusses the process of choreographing labour in Work Songs, a practice as research investigation in dance theatre that poses the question: how is labour as such made present and perceptible within the representational frame of the theatre? Work Songs was created between November 2011 and December 2012 by Broderick Chow and Tom Wells (The Dangerologists) and has been seen in London, Manchester, Leeds, Edinburgh and Gießen, Germany. Departing from Karl Marx’s analyses of abstract and concrete labour, the article describes the economic and social context of post-Fordist production and financial capitalism to which this piece is a response. It then discusses the apparatuses of theatre and dance in terms of their ‘erasure’ of labour through, respectively, dramatic representation and naturalized virtuosity. It then argues that the perception of labour as such within the frame of the theatre is directly related to the interlinked dynamics of temporality and materiality – when narrative/chronological temporality is suspended, materiality is made present. This is demonstrated in Work Songs by the insertion of blockages into the smooth flow of its choreography, and the suspension of its dramatic narrative.
Their hands in the dirt: How Kazuo Ohno and Stephanie Skura cultivate dance practices and alterity from nature
Authors: Hamp Amanda E.
Published: July 2013

As city-based artists, Kazuo Ohno and Stephanie Skura each create for themselves excursions into ‘nature’, which are departures from their daily modern, urban lives, plus fecund sources for their artistic practices. Ohno and Skura are part of the tradition in dance of turning to and connecting with nature, but are distinct from it in their practices – and the effects in the practitioner – of embodying and ‘becoming’ images. Paradoxically, Ohno’s and Skura’s embodiment of imagery from nature cultivates experiences of alterity, which yields aesthetics of inclusion.
Short-term estimation and application of biological variation of small dense low-density lipoproteins in healthy individuals
Authors: Lara-Riegos Julio , Brambila Eduardo , Ake-Ku Ana , Villegas-Hernández Vanessa , Quintero-Carrilo Carmen , Ortiz-Andrade Rolffy , Yza-Villanueva Rubén , Torres-Romero Julio , Lozano-Zarain Patricia
Published: July 2013

Background: A number of methods have been developed to measure small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sd-LDL-C) to evaluate atherogenic risk in the population. However, to our knowledge there are no reports about the biologic variability of these lipoproteins. Therefore, the aim of this work was to estimate sd-LDL-C biological variability, and with this information establish quality specifications, index of individuality (II) and reference change values (RCV).

Methods: To estimate within- and between-subject biological variability, sd-LDL-C in serum was measured in 24 individuals (11 female and 13 male) for 5 consecutive days and then, at 2 and 3 weeks. Quality specifications, II, and RCVs were estimated according to procedures described.

Results: Total within- and between-subject biological variability, expressed as coefficient of variation, was 9.1% and 20%. Meanwhile, within- and between-biological variability in female and men was 10.9% and 6.7%, and 22% and 17%, respectively. Desirable quality specification to the sd-LDL-C method was 4.6% for analytical imprecision, bias 5.5% and total allowable error of 11.4%; the II was 0.46 and the RCV (calculated at 95% and 99% of significance) was 27.1% and 35.7%, for the total data.

Conclusions: Short-term biological variability components were determined, and then used to estimate quality specifications, II and RCV for sd-LDL-C precipitation assay. To our knowledge, this is one of the first reports about sd-LDL-C biological variability, so that this information can be used as a starting point to develop long-term studies of biological variability for sd-LDL-C.
Full-length Vpu and human CD4(372–433) in phospholipid bilayers as seen by magic angle spinning NMR
Authors: Do Hoa Q. , Wittlich Marc , Glück Julian M. , Möckel Luis , Willbold Dieter , Koenig Bernd W. , Heise Henrike
Published: July 2013

HIV-1 Vpu and CD4(372–433), a peptide comprising the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domain of human CD4, were recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli, uniformly labeled with 13C and 15N isotopes, and separately reconstituted into phospholipid bilayers. Highly resolved dipolar cross-polarization (CP)-based solid-state NMR spectra of the two transmembrane proteins were recorded under magic angle sample spinning. Partial assignment of 13C resonances was achieved. Site-specific assignments were obtained for 13 amino acid residues of CD4(372–433) and two Vpu residues. Additional amino acid type-specific assignments were achieved for 10 amino acid spin systems for both CD4(372–433) and Vpu. Further, structural flexibility was probed with different dipolar recoupling techniques, and the correct insertion of the transmembrane domains into the lipid bilayers was confirmed by proton spin diffusion experiments.
Spatial variability of air dry bulb temperature and black globe humidity index in a broiler house during the heating phase
Authors: Ponciano Patrícia F. , Yanagi Junior Tadayuki , Ferraz Gabriel A. E S. , Scalon João D. , Schiassi Leonardo
Published: July 2013

The air dry-bulb temperature (t db),as well as the black globe humidity index (BGHI), exert great influence on the development of broiler chickens during their heating phase. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the structure and the magnitude of the t db and BGHI spatial variability, using geostatistics tools such as semivariogram analysis and also producing kriging maps. The experiment was conducted in the west mesoregion of the states of Minas Gerais in 2010, in a commercial broiler house with heating system consisting of two furnaces that heat the air indirectly, in the firsts 14 days of the birds' life. The data were registered at intervals of five minutes in the period from 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. The variables were evaluated by variograms fitted by residual maximum likelihood (REML) testing the Spherical and Exponential models. Kriging maps were generated based on the best model used to fit the variogram. It was possible to characterize the variability of the t db and BGHI, which allowed observing the spatial dependence by using geostatistics techniques. In addition, the use of geostatistics and distribution maps made possible to identify problems in the heating system in regions inside the broiler house that may harm the development of chicks.
Data mining techniques for identification of spectrally homogeneous areas using NDVI temporal profiles of soybean crop
Authors: Johann Jerry A. , Rocha Jansle V. , Oliveira Stanley R. de M. , Rodrigues Luiz H. A. , Lamparelli Rubens A. C.
Published: July 2013

The aim of this study was to group temporal profiles of 10-day composites NDVI product by similarity, which was obtained by the SPOT Vegetation sensor, for municipalities with high soybean production in the state of Paraná, Brazil, in the 2005/2006 cropping season. Data mining is a valuable tool that allows extracting knowledge from a database, identifying valid, new, potentially useful and understandable patterns. Therefore, it was used the methods for clusters generation by means of the algorithms K-Means, MAXVER and DBSCAN, implemented in the WEKA software package. Clusters were created based on the average temporal profiles of NDVI of the 277 municipalities with high soybean production in the state and the best results were found with the K-Means algorithm, grouping the municipalities into six clusters, considering the period from the beginning of October until the end of March, which is equivalent to the crop vegetative cycle. Half of the generated clusters presented spectro-temporal pattern, a characteristic of soybeans and were mostly under the soybean belt in the state of Paraná, which shows good results that were obtained with the proposed methodology as for identification of homogeneous areas. These results will be useful for the creation of regional soybean "masks" to estimate the planted area for this crop.
Aplicação de túnel de vento na avaliação de linhas de fluxo geradas por crepinas de filtros de areia
Authors: Santos Marcelo B. dos , Mesquita Marcio , Testezlaf Roberto
Published: July 2013

Visando à obtenção de informações técnicas que auxiliem aprimorar a eficiência hidráulica de filtros de areia nos processos de filtragem e retrolavagem, buscou-se avaliar o potencial de utilização de uma bancada didática de túnel de vento como método de visualização e caracterização das linhas de fluxo geradas pela interação da geometria de um modelo de dreno (crepina) com diferentes velocidades de escoamento. Os ensaios foram realizados, instalando-se um modelo comercial de dreno, do tipo cilíndrico, em um módulo experimental construído para ser acoplado a um túnel de vento vertical. Simularam-se as três vazões de escoamento de ar fornecidas pelo módulo, obtendo-se registros fotográficos com uma câmara de alta velocidade, cujas imagens foram tratadas para destacar a disposição das linhas de fluxo e os caminhos preferenciais de escoamento para os sentidos de escoamento de filtragem e retrolavagem. Correlacionou-se, por similitude, o intervalo de operação do túnel de vento com valores de vazão praticados em processos de filtração com água, em filtros de areia comerciais, com 40; 60 e 100 cm de diâmetro. Os resultados obtidos validaram a metodologia proposta, permitindo analisar o efeito da geometria da crepina nas linhas de fluxo experimentais, tanto no modo de filtragem quanto no de retrolavagem.
Longitudinal distribution of bean seeds in horizontal plate meter operating with one or two seed outlets
Authors: Teixeira Sandro S. , Reis Ângelo V. dos , Machado Antônio L. T.
Published: July 2013

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of horizontal plate meter with oblong holes operating with one or two seed outlets at different speeds over the accuracy of longitudinal distribution of common bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The experiment was performed in laboratory using the meter with one and two seed outlet points in relation to ten tangential disk plate speeds (0.03 to 0.30 m s-1). It was used a complete randomized design with four replications, summing up 80 experimental treatments. Tangential speed quantitative factor was estimated through a 2nd order polynomial regression. There was no significant difference in the behavior of the seed meter operating with one or two outlets in the metering of bean seeds in all tested speeds, with percentage of single seeds spacing over 60% in tangential speeds below of 0.24 m s-1.
Intelectuais, democratização e combate à pobreza no Brasil contemporâneo
Authors: Freire Américo Oscar Guichard
Published: July 2013

O texto aborda o tema da participação de intelectuais em projetos e programas de inclusão social no Brasil contemporâneo e toma como objeto de análise a trajetória político-intelectual de Herbert de Souza, o Betinho, e Carlos Alberto Libânio Christo, Frei Betto. Depois de examinar as formulações dos autores em torno dos problemas relativos ao elitismo das esquerdas brasileiras, volta-se para a análise da atuação de Betinho à frente da "Ação da Cidadania contra a fome, a miséria e pela vida", e de Frei Betto como um dos dirigentes do "Fome Zero".
Os lugares da produção do saber histórico escolar no Brasil: compêndios de história e narrativas conciliadoras no Paraná (1876-1905)
Authors: Toledo Maria Aparecida Leopoldino Tursi
Published: July 2013

O artigo trata da disciplina de História no Paraná entre 1876 e 1905. Toma como fonte investigativa compêndios adotados à época na instituição de ensino secundário, analisa o discurso histórico escolar presente nas obras e o relaciona à narrativa produzida sobre o sentido de nação. Embora a questão que liga o nascimento da disciplina com a construção do Estado nacional seja amplamente conhecida, a forma como ela foi tratada e as nuanças que ela assumiu em diferentes províncias do Império brasileiro ainda permanecem por se conhecer. A análise constata que os livros didáticos, objeto de estudo do trabalho, estabeleceram coexistência ou concordância entre as abordagens gerais - sejam universais ou civilistas - e as nacionais, indicando como a História nacional teve dificuldades em se firmar como disciplina autônoma até os anos iniciais da República brasileira.
Morfometria do aparelho genital e resposta superovulatória de coelhas suplementadas com geleia real
Authors: Dutra P.A. , Barbosa L.P. , Santana A.L.A. , Aguiar C.S. , Souza R.S. , Cardoso Neto B.M. , Araújo M.L. , Araújo R.C.S.A.
Published: July 2013

Avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação com geleia real sobre a morfometria do aparelho genital, resposta superovulatória e qualidade embrionária de coelhas. Trinta e seis fêmeas foram distribuídas em quatro grupos (G), sendo: G1 (n=9) formado por animais não suplementados com geleia real, e G2, G3 e G4 (n=9 em cada grupo) por animais suplementados com 10, 20 e 40mg/dia de geleia real. A superovulação consistiu na aplicação de 40UI de gonadotrofina coriônica equina, seguida por 40UI de gonadotrofina coriônica humana, via intramuscular, 48 horas após, e submetidas à cobrição natural. Os animais foram sacrificados, e os embriões coletados 72 horas após a cópula. Não houve diferença estatística entre tratamentos para as variáveis analisadas. O peso médio do aparelho genital foi de 10,88±0,38g; dos ovários - direito e esquerdo -, 0,28±0,02g; e o índice gonadossomático, 0,02±0,0g. O número médio de estruturas totais recuperadas foi de 9,2±1,4; de embriões viáveis, 8,7±1,4; e de degenerados, 0,5±0,2. Dos embriões viáveis, 5,6±0,8 foram classificados como grau I; 2,3±0,5, como grau II; e 0,8±0,2, como grau III. A suplementação com geleia real na dose de até 40mg/dia não apresentou efeito estimulador sobre o aparelho genital e a qualidade embrionária de coelhas.
Septicemia decorrente de pododermatites em canários de cor (Serinus canarius)
Authors: Borsa A. , Sanches O.C. , Oliveira G.R.
Published: July 2013

Relataram-se um surto de pododermatite e quadro septicêmico em aves de um canaril comercial. Quarenta e quatro canários de cor foram escolhidos de forma aleatória, sem distinção de sexo, idade ou cor, os quais vieram a óbito naturalmente, após terem sido afetados pela pododermatite, sem que tivessem se submetido a tratamento prévio. As aves mortas foram encaminhadas para o exame necroscópico, onde amostras de tecidos das áreas afetadas foram colhidas para exames microbiológico, micológico e histológico. Todas as aves necropsiadas apresentavam pododermatite, com inflamação em um ou mais dedos, de aspecto nodular, com ou sem presença de úlceras ou necrose. Staphylococcus aureus plasma coagulase positivo foi isolado dos pés e do fígado de todas as aves. Foi observado que todas as linhagens isoladas foram resistentes aos antimicrobianos da classe das penicilinas (penicilina G e ampicilina) e parcialmente sensíveis ou resistentes à ciprofloxacina. Apenas metade dos isolados foram sensíveis à neomicina e à estreptomicina. Problemas de saúde pública podem estar relacionados ao surgimento de animais reservatórios de cepas multirresistentes para seres humanos contactantes, como neste caso.
Prevalência de neoplasias diagnosticadas em cães no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Moçambique
Authors: Santos I.F.C. , Cardoso J.M.M. , Oliveira K.C. , Laisse C.J.M. , Bessa S.A.T.
Published: July 2013

Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo em 210 cães acometidos por neoplasias, atendidos no Hospital Veterinário (HV) da Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Moçambique, no período de janeiro de 2004 a janeiro de 2009. Foram utilizados dados das fichas clínico-cirúrgicas, referentes às amostras de neoplasias removidas cirurgicamente, achados de exames necroscópicos e citológicos, os quais, posteriormente, foram enviados para o diagnóstico histopatológico. As neoplasias foram correlacionadas com o sexo, a idade e a raça. Foram identificadas 210 neoplasias durante o período de estudo, e dos 27 tipos diferentes as que se destacaram foram as de pele (61,0%), seguidas das neoplasias de glândula mamária (27,60%), do sistema reprodutor (11,90%) e do sistema musculoesquelético (11,0%). As neoplasias de glândula mamária foram identificadas somente em cadelas, observando-se maior prevalência em cadelas não castradas ou castradas após os dois anos de idade. Concluiu-se que o aumento da prevalência das neoplasias estava correlacionado com a maior longevidade dos cães, e a raça, também, predispôs ao desenvolvimento de determinados tumores, haja vista a alta incidência de mastocitomas grau II em cães das raças Boxer e Pastor Alemão. A incidência de 100% das neoplasias de glândula mamária em fêmeas confirmou a maior predisposição das fêmeas no desenvolvimento desse tipo de neoplasia.
Caracterização bromatológica e agronômica de genótipos de milho para produção de silagem
Authors: Vieira V.C. , Martin T.N. , Menezes L.F.G. , Assmann T. , Ortiz S. , Bertoncelli P. , Piran Filho F.A. , Schimitz T.H.
Published: July 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características bromatológicas e agronômicas dos genótipos de milho para a produção de silagem dos cultivares do Ensaio Centro Superprecoce da Rede Nacional de Genótipos de Milho, bem como avaliar se a base genética (híbridos simples, duplos, tripos, intervarietais e variedades cultivadas) ou a dureza dos grãos (duro, semiduro e dentado mole) alteram a indicação de cultivares de milho para silagem. O experimento foi realizado na área experimental da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (campus Dois Vizinhos). Os trinta e dois genótipos avaliados foram colhidos quando os grãos encontravam-se no estádio pastoso a farináceo, ensilados em microssilos de PVC e desensilados após 53 dias. Avaliou-se a relação entre as bases genéticas, a dureza do grão e as características individuais dos genótipos quanto à aptidão para a produção de silagem. Não se verificaram diferenças significativas entre os contrastes formados entre as bases genéticas, bem como a dureza dos grãos, para os caracteres estudados. Porém, foi possível identificar genótipos superiores para a produção de silagem pela produção de matéria seca pelos genótipos AS 1555 YG, AS 1572 YG, 30A37, 30A77, 20A78, Dx 908, Dx 603, 2A550, 2B433, AL2007A, Embrapa 1F640, PRE 22T10, PREXT0109, PRE 22D11, DKB330 YG (Test).
Análise de interações familiares: um estudo de caso
Authors: Naves Ana Rita Coutinho Xavier , Vasconcelos Laércia Abreu
Published: July 2013

Este trabalho analisou as interações de uma família, em um contexto de laboratório, a partir de entrevistas com os pais e da participação dos membros familiares em tarefas análogas às do cotidiano - Lanche, Cartaz, Brincadeira e Organização da Sala, em um delineamento ABACA. A condição A correspondeu à linha de base. A variável independente foi um texto escrito, o qual descrevia comportamentos de uma família tradicional (Condição B) e de uma família contemporânea (Condição C). A partir da categorização dos comportamentos dos participantes e do registro de intervalo parcial, observou-se que as interações familiares diferiram mais entre as tarefas, independentemente da condição, do que entre linha de base e condição experimental. Os resultados indicaram que os comportamentos dos participantes se assemelharam àqueles observados no ambiente natural.
Validação do questionário crenças acerca da medicação em pacientes diabéticos tipo 2
Authors: Pereira Maria da Graça , Pedras Susana , Machado J. Cunha
Published: July 2013

O presente trabalho teve como objectivo validar o Questionário Crenças sobre a Medicação, que avalia Crenças Gerais e Crenças Específicas, estudando suas propriedades psicométricas em uma amostra de 387 pacientes diabéticos tipo 2. O estudo de validade para as Crenças Gerais revelou uma solução de um factor, com um alfa de 0,76, e para as Crenças Específicas, dois factores - Necessidades e Preocupações -, com um alfa de 0,77 e 0,69 respectivamente. Quanto à validade de constructo, verificou-se uma relação entre as Crenças Gerais e a subescala Necessidades das Crenças Específicas com Adesão à Medicação, avaliada pela Escala de Avaliação de Aderência Médica. O instrumento apresenta boas qualidades psicométricas para ser utilizado em pacientes diabéticos tipo 2.