bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing Self-Awareness: Learning Processes for Self- and Interpersonal Growth
Authors: London Manuel , Sessa Valerie I. , Shelley Loren A.
Published: November 2022

Self-awareness—how we see ourselves and the effects we have on our environment—influences our behavior and the type of person we want to become. This article examines recent research and areas of practice that address the meaning of self-awareness and how it develops over time. We build on extant comprehensive reviews of the literature to define self-awareness and its accuracy, measurement, and effects, including the dark side of being overly introspective. We offer a framework to integrate theory-based processes. We present the results of a literature search of educational interventions aimed at increasing mindfulness through reflection, feedback, and coaching. We conclude with calls for research and implications for practice in areas of measurement, tracking changes, interventions, and self in relation to others in areas of societal impact, self-presentation on digital media, and promoting self-awareness in relation to organization and team membership.
Crisis Leadership
Authors: Riggio Ronald E. , Newstead Toby
Published: November 2022

There is no situation where leadership is more important than during a crisis, and yet crisis leadership is a relatively underdeveloped field. This article explores what we know and what remains unknown about crisis leadership. We begin with an overview of what crises are, including different types and key dynamics of crises. We then review four leadership theories that offer insights into crisis leadership before elucidating five key competencies for crisis leadership. Three distinct avenues for future research are proposed, including exploring the distinctions and intersections of crisis leadership and crisis management, the cross-national and intercultural implications for leading through crises, and the role of ethics in leading well through crisis. Crises are increasingly frequent and complex, warranting a concerted effort to research, teach, and develop good crisis leadership.
The Role of Statistics in Promoting Data Reusability and Research Transparency
Authors: Nusser Sarah M.
Published: November 2022

The value of research data has grown as the emphasis on research transparency and data-intensive research has increased. Data sharing is now required by funders and publishers and is becoming a disciplinary expectation in many fields. However, practices promoting data reusability and research transparency are poorly understood, making it difficult for statisticians and other researchers to reframe study methods to facilitate data sharing. This article reviews the larger landscape of open research and describes contextual information that data reusers need to understand, evaluate, and appropriately analyze shared data. The article connects data reusability to statistical thinking by considering the impact of the type and quality of shared research artifacts on the capacity to reproduce or replicate studies and examining quality evaluation frameworks to understand the nature of data errors and how they can be mitigated prior to sharing. Actions statisticians can take to update their research approaches for their own and collaborative investigations are suggested.
Simulation-Based Bayesian Analysis
Authors: Plummer Martyn
Published: November 2022

I consider the development of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, from late-1980s Gibbs sampling to present-day gradient-based methods and piecewise-deterministic Markov processes. In parallel, I show how these ideas have been implemented in successive generations of statistical software for Bayesian inference. These software packages have been instrumental in popularizing applied Bayesian modeling across a wide variety of scientific domains. They provide an invaluable service to applied statisticians in hiding the complexities of MCMC from the user while providing a convenient modeling language and tools to summarize the output from a Bayesian model. As research into new MCMC methods remains very active, it is likely that future generations of software will incorporate new methods to improve the user experience.
The diversity of neuroimmune circuits controlling lung inflammation
Authors: Cremin Michael , Schreiber Sierra , Murray Kaitlin , Tay Emmy Xue Yun , Reardon Colin
Published: November 2022

It is becoming increasingly appreciated that the nervous and immune systems communicate bidirectionally to regulate immunological outcomes in a variety of organs including the lung. Activation of neuronal signaling can be induced by inflammation, tissue damage, or pathogens to evoke or reduce immune cell activation in what has been termed a neuroimmune reflex. In the periphery, these reflexes include the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, sympathetic reflex, and sensory nociceptor-immune cell pathways. Continual advances in neuroimmunology in peripheral organ systems have fueled small-scale clinical trials that have yielded encouraging results for a range of immunopathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis. Despite these successes, several limitations should give clinical investigators pause in the application of neural stimulation as a therapeutic for lung inflammation, especially if inflammation arises from a novel pathogen. In this review, the general mechanisms of each reflex, the evidence for these circuits in the control of lung inflammation, and the key knowledge gaps in our understanding of these neuroimmune circuits will be discussed. These limitations can be overcome not only through a better understanding of neuroanatomy but also through a systematic evaluation of stimulation parameters using immune activation in lung tissues as primary readouts. Our rapidly evolving understanding of the nervous and immune systems highlights the importance of communication between these cells in health and disease. This integrative approach has tremendous potential in the development of targeted therapeutics if specific challenges can be overcome.
Aqp5−/− mice exhibit reduced maximal body O2 consumption under cold exposure, normal pulmonary gas exchange, and impaired formation of brown adipose tissue
Authors: Al-Samir Samer , Yildirim Ali Önder , Sidhaye Venkataramana K. , King Landon S. , Breves Gerhard , Conlon Thomas M. , Stoeger Claudia , Gailus-Durner Valerie , Fuchs Helmut , Hrabé de Angelis Martin , Gros Gerolf , Endeward Volker
Published: November 2022

The fundamental body functions that determine maximal O2 uptake (V̇o2max) have not been studied in Aqp5−/− mice (aquaporin 5, AQP5). We measured V̇o2max to globally assess these functions and then investigated why it was found altered in Aqp5−/− mice. V̇o2max was measured by the Helox technique, which elicits maximal metabolic rate by intense cold exposure of the animals. We found V̇o2max reduced in Aqp5−/− mice by 20%–30% compared with wild-type (WT) mice. As AQP5 has been implicated to act as a membrane channel for respiratory gases, we studied whether this is caused by the known lack of AQP5 in the alveolar epithelial membranes of Aqp5−/− mice. Lung function parameters as well as arterial O2 saturation were normal and identical between Aqp5−/− and WT mice, indicating that AQP5 does not contribute to pulmonary O2 exchange. The cause for the decreased V̇o2max thus might be found in decreased O2 consumption of an intensely O2-consuming peripheral organ such as activated brown adipose tissue (BAT). We found indeed that absence of AQP5 greatly reduces the amount of interscapular BAT formed in response to 4 wk of cold exposure, from 63% in WT to 25% in Aqp5−/− animals. We conclude that lack of AQP5 does not affect pulmonary O2 exchange, but greatly inhibits transformation of white to brown adipose tissue. As under cold exposure, BAT is a major source of the animals’ heat production, reduction of BAT likely causes the decrease in V̇o2max under this condition.
Recent Progress on Carbon Nanomaterials for Resisting the Wear Damages
Authors: Yin Xue , Chen Hao , Zhang Feizhi , Yu Haiyang , Li Shitan , Zhao Zhiheng , Zhu Yanfang , Yang Kang
Published: November 2022

In recent years, carbon nanomaterials such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and nanodiamonds have been regarded as versatile triboproducts such as copper coins for various engineering/commerce‐scaled applications. Their large‐scale usages as ideal reinforcements for the key tribomaterials are motivated by their huge interfacial areas, unique physical/chemical characteristics, as well as multiple scale load‐transferring mechanisms. Numerous investigators have kept on studying the possibilities of using carbon nanomaterials as solid lubricants, lubricating additives, or the superlubricated push hand. This review offers a comprehensive discussion of up‐to‐date survey in carbon nanomaterials for achieving the low friction and high wear resistant in the forms of coatings, bulk materials, lubricants; or even superlubric state in the tribosystems from nanoscale to macroscale. Finally, important conclusions, foreseeable challenges, and future outlooks for carbon nanomaterials are highlighted as the concluding remarks that are needed to impulse nanotechnology maturation and developments of tribological fields such as copper coin protections.
Optimal Placement of Photovoltaic Distributed Generation Units in Radial Unbalanced Distribution Systems Using MATLAB and OpenDSS-Based Cosimulation and a Proposed Metaheuristic Algorithm
Authors: Pham Thai Dinh , Nguyen Thang Trung , Kien Le Chi
Published: November 2022

In this paper, an improved slime mould algorithm (ISMA) is proposed for finding the optimal location and sizing of photovoltaic distributed generation units (PVDGUs) in unbalanced distribution systems (UDSs). The proposed method is developed by changing the control variable update mechanism of the original slime mould algorithm (SMA). Total power losses on distribution lines and voltage deviation index of all buses are minimized under the consideration of various constraints. The location and sizing of PVDGUs found by ISMA are added into the cosimulation between MATLAB and OpenDSS for reaching other remaining parameters of UDSs. In addition, sunflower optimization (SFO), social-ski drive (SSD), cuckoo search algorithm (CSA), salp swarm algorithm (SSA), bonobo optimizer (BO), and SMA are also run for finding PVDGUs placement solution on the unbalanced three-phase IEEE 123-bus test feeder. As a result, the proposed ISMA can reduce the power loss up to 78.88% and cut the voltage deviation up to 1.4779 pu while that of others is from 69.10% to 78.87% and from 1.5759 to 1.4996 pu. Thus, ISMA should be used to place PVDGUs in UDSs meanwhile the cosimulation between MATLAB and OpenDSS should be applied as a power flow calculation tool for UDSs.
Detection of Mycoplasma columbinasale in Cases of Respiratory Disease in Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia var. domestica)
Authors: Giglia Giuseppe , Porcellato Ilaria , Marenzoni Maria Luisa , Rampacci Elisa , Bottinelli Marco , Matucci Andrea , Passamonti Fabrizio , Lepri Elvio
Published: November 2022

In 2017, respiratory disease and low mortality were reported in domestic flying pigeons (Columba livia var. domestica) trained as hunting live bait in a breeding farm in Umbria, Italy. Clinically, open beak breathing, dropped wings, and pharyngeal and laryngeal hyperaemia were observed. Three birds were submitted for necropsy. Gross pathological evaluation revealed in all cases diffuses hyperaemia of the tracheal mucosa in association with mild emaciation and multiorgan congestion. Microscopically, diffuse epithelial hyperplasia of the trachea (

n
=
3

) and diffuse lymphocytic infiltration of the lamina propria (

n
=
3

) were observed. No lesions were reported in other organs. Based on reported clinical signs and lesions, Mycoplasma spp. were suspected, and molecular detection was performed on tracheal specimens leading to the identification of Mycoplasma columbinasale. Immunohistochemistry was subsequently performed to localize the microorganism within tissue lesions. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of Mycoplasma species on the tracheal epithelial cells of all birds. Following tylosin administration, complete resolution of the clinical condition and lack of recurrence of clinical signs were reported in the breeding farm. These findings suggest that M. columbinasale could potentially have a role in the respiratory disease and low mortality in domestic pigeons.
Optimizing the Crystallinity of Heptazine‐Based Crystalline Carbon Nitride by Regulating Temperature for Enhanced Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Tang Haomiao , Wang Wenbin , Zhou Jun , Li Tiantian , Shu Zhu
Published: November 2022

Polymeric carbon nitride (PCN), as a metal‐free photocatalyst, has drawn wide attention in the photocatalytic H2 evolution. However, the photocatalytic activity of directly synthesized PCN is limited by its low crystallinity. Currently, regulating the melon‐based PCN into tri‐s‐triazine‐based crystalline PCN to further optimize its structure has been proved to effectively improve its photocatalytic activity. The heptazine‐based crystalline carbon nitride, potassium poly(heptazine imide) (abbreviated as K‐PHI), has been used in photocatalytic H2 evolution benefiting from its high crystallinity, as the high crystallinity narrows the bandgap and increases the light capture efficiency and increases the charge mobility. Nevertheless, the effect of synthesis temperature on crystallinity has not yet been reported. In this work, the effect of temperature on the crystallinity of heptazine‐based crystalline carbon nitride was studied by one‐step synthesis at different temperatures. It shows that the heptazine‐based crystalline structure appears when the temperature exceeds 540°C. Additionally, the crystallinity of all samples is gradually improved with increasing temperature until the sample begins to decompose beyond 630°C. The sample synthesized at 630°C demonstrates the highest photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of 1.798 mmol h−1 g−1 under visible light irradiation, which is 31.5 times that of bulk PCN. Based on systematic material characterizations, the mechanism of the effect of synthesis temperature on crystallinity and the contribution of crystallinity to photocatalytic efficiency were revealed.
Silence is Golden: A Source Location Privacy Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Silent Nodes
Authors: Gu Chen , Jhumka Arshad , Maple Carsten
Published: November 2022

Source location privacy (SLP) is an important property for security-critical wireless sensor network applications such as monitoring and tracking. However, cryptology-based schemes cannot protect the SLP effectively since an adversary can capture the source node regardless of the contents of messages. Most techniques use fake sources or message delay to provide SLP, but at the cost of high energy consumption or high message delivery latency. In this paper, we present a new technique to address SLP by selecting sets of nodes that are to be silent for a short period, forcing an attacker to either be delayed or to trace back to the source along a longer route. As such, we make a number of important contributions: (i) we formalise the silent nodes selection (SiNS) problem, (ii) we prove it to be NP-complete, and (iii) to circumvent the high complexity of SiNS, we propose a novel SLP-aware routing protocol. Results from extensive simulations show that our proposed routing protocol provides a high level of SLP under appropriate parameterization at the expense of only negligible latency and messages overhead.
EEG-Based Spectral Dynamic in Characterization of Poststroke Patients with Cognitive Impairment for Early Detection of Vascular Dementia
Authors: Hadiyoso Sugondo , Ong Paulus Anam , Zakaria Hasballah , Rajab Tati Latifah E.
Published: November 2022

One common type of vascular dementia (VaD) is poststroke dementia (PSD). Vascular dementia can occur in one-third of stroke patients. The worsening of cognitive function can occur quickly if not detected and treated early. One of the potential medical modalities for observing this disorder by considering costs and safety factors is electroencephalogram (EEG). It is thought that there are differences in the spectral dynamics of the EEG signal between the normal group and stroke patients with cognitive impairment so that it can be used in detection. Therefore, this study proposes an EEG signal characterization method using EEG spectral power complexity measurements to obtain features of poststroke patients with cognitive impairment and normal subjects. Working memory EEGs were collected and analyzed from forty-two participants, consisting of sixteen normal subjects, fifteen poststroke patients with mild cognitive impairment, and eleven poststroke patients with dementia. From the analysis results, it was found that there were differences in the dynamics of the power spectral in each group, where the spectral power of the cognitively impaired group was more regular than the normal group. Notably, (1) significant differences in spectral entropy (SpecEn) with a

p

value <0.05 were found for all electrodes, (2) there was a relationship between SpecEn values and the severity of dementia (SpecEnDem < SpecEnMCI < SpecEnNormal), and (3) a post hoc multiple comparison test showed significant differences between groups at the F7 electrode. This study shows that spectral complexity analysis can discriminate between normal and poststroke patients with cognitive impairment. For further studies, it is necessary to simulate performance validation so that the proposed approach can be used in the early detection of poststroke dementia and monitoring the development of dementia.
[Retracted] First Record of Ichthyofauna from Gomal Zam Dam, District South Waziristan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Rehman Aziz Ur , Ullah Sami , Zuberi Amina , Dawar Farman Ullah , Khattak Muhammad Nasir Khan
Published: November 2022

The present study reports the fish fauna of Gomal Zam Dam at three different sites from October 2018 to July 2019. The total sampled fish belong to 18 species, 15 genera, 5 families, and 4 orders. Fourteen species belong to family Cyprinidae, which was the most abundant, while one species belong to each family Mastacembelidae, Channidae, Siluridae, and Sisoridae. The prominent species were Labeo dyochielus (18.6%), Barilius vagra (16.5%), and Barilius pakistanicus (13.8%), while the rare species were Tor zhobensis, Wallago attu, Hyphophthalmicthys molitrix, Ctenophyrngodon idella, and Bagarius bagarius each one forming (0.1%). Species were rich in spring with ideal temperature, followed by summer, whereas species abundance was high in summer with high temperature and minimum abundance was recorded in autumn. In conclusion, the Gomal Zam Dam is a favorable reservoir for the fish particularly for family Cyprinidae. This present study will provide useful information about the diversity of fish fauna of Gomal Zam Dam that could be used in systematic fisheries management and conservation of the country.
Fairness-Oriented Transmission Schemes for Multiuser MISO Broadcast Channels
Authors: Wu Jianjian , Liu Xinyu , Liu Chanzi , Cheng Chi-Tsun , Zhou Qingfeng
Published: November 2022

With the increasing number of Internet of Things (IoT), Industry 4.0 (I4.0), and mobile devices, it can be expected that base stations will have to serve more and more clients with a limited number of antennas. For their broadcast channels, nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and blind interference alignment (BIA) are two efficient and commonly adopted transmission schemes. This paper conducts a comparison study on these techniques on a 3-user

2
×
1

multiple-input single-output (MISO) broadcast channel with a limited number of transmit antennas. Specifically, space-time block coding based NOMA (STBC-NOMA) and NOMA-assisted beamforming (NOMA-BF) are compared with BIA. Both perfect and imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) have been considered for NOMA-based schemes, and the theoretical achievable rates of all schemes have been derived. Furthermore, with a given fairness constraint among end users, the power allocation (PA) problems have been solved for cases when accurate channel state information is available at the transmitter (CSIT) as well as when only path loss information is available. Numerical results show the following: (1) none of the schemes under this study can always outperform the others under different SNR regions. (2) With imperfect SIC, NOMA-BF, and STBC-NOMA both suffer from a significant performance loss under a high SNR condition. (3) Fairness PA with only path loss information provides similar performance as that with perfect CSIT, thus partial CSIT is adequate for system or scheme designs in practice.
HSPA8 Is a New Biomarker of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Related to Prognosis and Immune Infiltration
Authors: Ying Bicheng , Xu Wenting , Nie Yan , Li Yongtao
Published: November 2022

Objective. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a kind of cancer that endangers the lives of women all over the world in the 21st century. Heat shock protein member 8 (HSPA8) is the chaperone gene of the heat shock protein family. It is involved in many cellular functions. For example, it promotes the circulation between ATP and ADP, participates in protein folding, and can change the vitality of the cell and inhibit its growth. However, the abnormal expression of HSPA8 gene in TNBC and its diagnostic and prognostic significance still need to be further studied. Methods. First, we used related databases (such as TCGA, GEO, GTEx, ONCOMINE, TIMER2.0, UALCAN, HPA, STRING, CCLE, and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases) to analyze the relationship between HSPA8 and TNBC by bioinformatics. Then, the analysis using only a small part of the experimental work is used to explain our findings. For example, HSPA8 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical method in TNBC tissues. Western blotting experiments were carried out to verify the results. Then, the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with TNBC were analyzed by R software and Cox regression analysis. On the basis, a nomogram is constructed to estimate the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS). The prognostic nomogram performance was calibrated and evaluated by the calibration curve and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results. In the study, we analyzed the three GEO databases (including GSE86945, GSE106977, and GSE102088) and found that HSPA8 is one of the central genes of TNBC. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) researches indicated that HSPA8 was mainly involved in partner-mediated autophagy, mRNA catabolism, neutrophil activation, immune response, protein targeting, RNA splicing, RNA catabolism, and other biological processes. Next, we used bioinformatics technology to find that the expression level of HSPA8 in breast cancer (BC) and TNBC samples was significantly higher than that in normal breast tissues, which was determined by analyzing hospital patient samples and related experiments. In addition, the expression level of HSPA8 in BC and TNBC samples was significantly correlated with clinical indexes such as TNM stage. The Cox analysis revealed that the expression of HSPA8 in TNBC had significant clinical prognostic value. The results of nomogram and ROC test show that HSPA8 has significant predictive ability in TNBC. The results of immune infiltration of HSPA8 through the TIMER2.0 database showed that there was a significant correlation between HSPA8 and immune cell subsets. Conclusions. Our results show that the expression of HSPA8 in TNBC has important clinical diagnostic significance and clarify the potential molecular mechanism that promotes the evolution of TNBC. The high expression of HSPA8 may be related with the poor clinical outcome of TNBC. This helps to provide us with a new direction of TNBC targeted therapy.
Influence of the Preexisting Fracture Network on the Mechanical Properties of Rock Mass and the Secondary Crack Propagation
Authors: Guo Ping , Li Guodong , Luo Feng , Tang Xiaojun
Published: November 2022

Preexisting fracture network (PFN) is ubiquitous in natural rock mass and is one of the key factors affecting the mechanical properties of rock mass. This research employed a combined approach of theoretical analysis and finite element numerical simulation to investigate the mechanical behavior of PFN-containing rock mass. Based on the sliding crack model and fracture mechanics theory, the initiation mechanism of closed and open cracks driven by compressive and shear stress was theoretically analyzed. Rock mass models with different inclination angles (β) of PFN were built in Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3 Dimensions. The complete stress–strain curves of rock mass and the secondary crack propagation were obtained. Results indicated that the increase of β reduced the strength and elastic modulus of rock mass. When β is less than 45°, this influence is more prominent. Based on the load-bearing capacity of PFN-containing rock mass, the stress–strain curves can be classified into two types: type I curve has multipeak and is strain-softening in the postpeak stage when β is 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°; type II curve is unimodal and with brittle failure when β is 60° and 75°. Secondary crack propagation can be classified into four main types: type I is the coplanar crack, type II is the wing crack around PFN, type III is the near-field wing crack, and type IV is the macroscopic shear crack.
Loss of NF1 in Melanoma Confers Sensitivity to SYK Kinase Inhibition
Authors: Abecunas Cara , Whitehead Christopher E. , Ziemke Elizabeth K. , Baumann Douglas G. , Frankowski-McGregor Christy L. , Sebolt-Leopold Judith S. , Fallahi-Sichani Mohammad
Published: November 2022

Neurofibromin 1 (NF1) loss of function (LoF) mutations are frequent in melanoma and drive hyperactivated RAS and tumor growth. NF1LoF melanoma cells, however, do not show consistent sensitivity to individual MEK, ERK, or PI3K/mTOR inhibitors. To identify more effective therapeutic strategies for treating NF1LoF melanoma, we performed a targeted kinase inhibitor screen. A tool compound named MTX-216 was highly effective in blocking NF1LoF melanoma growth in vitro and in vivo. Single-cell analysis indicated that drug-induced cytotoxicity was linked to effective cosuppression of proliferation marker Ki-67 and ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation. The antitumor efficacy of MTX-216 was dependent on its ability to inhibit not only PI3K, its nominal target, but also SYK. MTX-216 suppressed expression of a group of genes that regulate mitochondrial electron transport chain and are associated with poor survival in patients with NF1LoF melanoma. Furthermore, combinations of inhibitors targeting either MEK or PI3K/mTOR with an independent SYK kinase inhibitor or SYK knockdown reduced the growth of NF1LoF melanoma cells. These studies provide a path to exploit SYK dependency to selectively target NF1LoF melanoma cells.

Significance:

A kinase inhibitor screen identifies SYK as a targetable vulnerability in melanoma cells with NF1 loss of function.
Circadian Disruption and Colorectal Cancer Incidence in Black Women
Authors: Barber Lauren E. , VoPham Trang , White Laura F. , Roy Hemant K. , Palmer Julie R. , Bertrand Kimberly A.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Animal and experimental studies suggest circadian disruption increases colorectal cancer risk, but evidence in humans is limited. We examined night shift work, chronotype, and residential position within a time zone, proxies for circadian disruption, in relation to colorectal cancer risk.

Methods:

Participants in the Black Women's Health Study, a prospective cohort of 59,000 Black American women established in 1995, reported history of night shift work and chronotype on follow-up questionnaires. Residential position within a time zone was estimated using participant addresses at each questionnaire cycle. Number of colorectal cancer cases and follow-up duration varied by analysis depending on timing of exposure assessment, ranging from 204 over the 2005 to 2018 night shift work study period to 452 over the 1995 to 2018 residential position study period. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results:

Compared with never having worked a night shift, working a night shift for ≥10 years was associated with increased colorectal cancer risk (HR = 1.64; 95% CI, 1.01–2.66). However, shorter duration was not. The HR for evening versus morning chronotype was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.73–1.27). Westward position of residence within a time zone was not associated with colorectal cancer risk (HR per 5-degree longitude increase: 0.92; 95% CI, 0.82–1.03).

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest a possible increased risk of colorectal cancer associated with long duration night shift work; however, results require confirmation in larger studies.

Impact:

Circadian disruption from long-term night shift work may contribute to colorectal cancer development in Black women.
Relation of Pulse Wave Velocity to Contemporaneous and Historical Blood Pressure in Female Twins
Authors: Keehn Louise , Mangino Massimo , Spector Tim , Chowienczyk Phil , Cecelja Marina
Published: November 2022

Background:

An association between blood pressure and aortic stiffness is well known, but ambiguity remains as to whether one precedes the other. This study aimed to investigate the association of aortic stiffness with contemporaneous versus historic blood pressure and direction of causality between aortic stiffening and hypertension in female twins.

Methods:

Aortic stiffness, measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was recorded in 2037 female TwinsUK participants (mean age: 62.4±9.7 years) at a single time point. A subset of 947 participants had repeat PWV and MAP measures (mean interval 5.5±1.7 years) with additional historic MAP (mean interval 6.6±3.3 years before baseline).

Results:

Cross-sectional multivariable linear regression analysis confirmed PWV significantly associated with age and MAP. In longitudinal analysis, annual progression of PWV was not associated with historic MAP (standardized beta coefficient [β]=-0.02,
P
=0.698), weakly associated with baseline MAP (β=0.09,
P
=0.049) but strongly associated with progression (from baseline to most recent measurement) of MAP (β= 0.26,
P
<0.001). Progression of MAP associated with both baseline and progression of PWV (β=0.13,
P
=0.003 and β=0.24,
P
<0.001, respectively).

Conclusions:

Progression of aortic stiffness associates more strongly with contemporaneous MAP compared with historic MAP. In contrast, progression of MAP is associated with prior arterial stiffness. These findings suggest a bidirectional relationship between arterial stiffness and blood pressure, and that lowering blood pressure may prevent a cycle of arterial stiffening and hypertension.
Flexible Devices Based on Soybean-Derived High-Quality N-Doped Graphene
Authors: Wu Kaiqiang , Deng Haijing , Li Xingyang
Published: November 2022

Graphene with exceptional properties has attracted significant attention in many fields. Chemical vapor deposition has been a vital method for synthesizing high-quality graphene with controlled size, thickness, and quality. Intrinsic graphene is a zero bandgap 2D material with weak
ambipolar behavior, and the transistors based on such graphene show a low on/off current ratio. It is important to achieve the controllable preparation of graphene with adjustable electrical properties. Doping the graphene with heteroatoms is a standard method to achieve this goal. Here, we
demonstrate that high-quality N-doped graphene can be prepared using soybeans as the carbon source. We can control the preparation of high-quality N-doped graphene on Cu catalyst using soybean as the carbon source, including, N-doped single-crystal graphene domains and N-doped monolayer films.
Electrical measurements show that the N-doped graphene exhibits an n-type behavior, indicating that doping can effectively modulate graphene’s electrical properties. Based on the high-quality N-doped graphene, we demonstrate its applications in flexible supercapacitors and skin-like
electrophysiological monitors, showing high application value in wearable electronic devices.
Evaluating the Protective Effect of Ginsenoside Re on Hippocampal Mitochondria in a Rat Model of Vascular Dementia
Authors: Li Zhaodong , Fei Rui , Kong Xiangyi , Yang Lijie , Li Wanze , Yang Yiming , Zhao Qing
Published: November 2022

Vascular dementia (VD) is a common disease among elderly individuals that results in cognitive dysfunction. Although pharmaceutical treatments are used to temporarily improve the symptoms, these have side effects, including mental disorders and epilepsy. Therefore, identifying therapeutic
strategies for VD which limit side effects would be advantageous. Previous studies have demonstrated the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of VD. As the major saponin type of Panax ginseng, Ginsenoside Re, exerts anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation effects,
Re may have a therapeutic role in the management of VD. Our aim was to evaluate this potential therapeutic role of Re in a rat model of VD. We compared mitochondrial function in hippocampal neurons in groups with or without Re administration. Our findings show that Re
administration can reverse the effects of VD on mitochondrial structure and function in hippocampal neurons, including protecting against a reduction in the number of mitochondria and preventing mitochondrial vacuolization. The relative expression levels of COX IV and PDH-A1 also increased
after Re treatment, with a reduction in mitochondrial H2O2 production, in a time-and dose-dependent manner. These improvements in mitochondrial function protected against VD-associated cognitive dysfunction, measured by performance in a Morris water maze. Based on these findings, we
concluded that Ginsenoside Re may ameliorate cognitive impairment in VD by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress in the brain. Collectively, we provide valuable experimental data which could inform the development of safe and effective drugs for the management of VD from ischemia.
Research on the Forming Process of a Selective Laser Melting-Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel Based on Multi-Index Evaluation
Authors: Fan Heng-Liang , Wei Tian-lu , Zhang Jie , Wang Chao
Published: November 2022

This paper investigate a laser processing parameters effects on the tensile properties and surface roughness of a SLM-manufactured 316L stainless steel sample. A multi-index weight model was established using the orthogonal test and entropy weight method. Then, the model assessed the
effect of three process factors (scanning speed v, filling laser power P, and scan spacing s). The influence of different combinations of processing parameters on tensile properties and surface roughness was also analyzed. The results revealed that the level of the effects
on the sample’s properties from high to low was P, v, and s (P > v > s), respectively. Tensile properties were influenced by laser power and scanning speed first with an increase, followed by a decrease, while scan spacing affected tensile
properties with a decrease followed by an increase; the maximum tensile strength was 693 MPa. Surface roughness was affected by filling laser power and scanning power and scanning speed first with a decrease, followed by an increase, while scan spacing affected surface roughness with an increase
followed by a decrease. Under experimental conditions, when the laser energy density (E) was 69.44 J·mm−3, the surface roughness of formed parts was the best; Ra was 2.04 μm.
Structural Reliability Analysis and Reliability Index Calculation Method Based on Measurement Uncertainty
Authors: Tang Limin , Liao Bin , Peng Shoubo
Published: November 2022

Structural reliability is a probabilistic measure of structural reliability. Reliability indicators can be calculated from the average and standard deviation. The standard deviation only reflects the degree of dispersion of the series of measured values such as structural resistance
and load effects. However, the acquisition of measurement values is related to the measurement objects, instruments, methods, conditions, and measurement personnel. It is difficult to reflect the impact of these five aspects on the measurement values of structural resistance and load effects
using standard deviation. Based on this, this article deeply analyzes the measurement uncertainty evaluation theory and method and proposes to use the synthetic standard uncertainty instead of the standard deviation to calculate the standard value of the structural resistance and load effect.
This article establishes the structural performance function, structural reliability calculation formula, the reliable index calculation formula, the calculation formula of variation coefficient and the calculation formula of the safety factor based on the measurement uncertainty. The conclusion
of this article provides a new application approach for China national standard “Measurement Uncertainty Evaluation and Representation” and also builds a new bridge for the measurement uncertainty evaluation theory to enter the field of structural reliability analysis.
Application Values of Coumarin Compound Against Pediatric Bronchopneumonia and Autonomous Prediction of Novel Structures with Machine Learning
Authors: Chang Yanyan , Guo Li
Published: November 2022

In this research, a new coumarin compound was obtained, and then its crystal architecture was determined. This complex’s application value against pediatric bronchopneumonia was identified, and the specific mechanism was simultaneously discussed. First, real time RT-PCR was conducted, and the suppressive activity on the relative expression ofStreptococcus pneumoniasurvival gene was measured. Next, the inflammatory cytokines released into the alveolar lavage fluid was tested using ELISA. Through reinforcement learning and molecular docking simulation, several novel molecules with low binding affinity energy and high quantitative estimate of drug-likeness and synthetic accessibility scores were predicted, and their biological activities were evaluated due to the multiple hydrogen bonds with the given receptor.
Anti-Corrosive Effects of Calcareous Deposit Films Formed by Electrodeposition in Submerged and Tidal Zones
Authors: Park J. M. , Lee M. H. , Lee S. H.
Published: November 2022

In this study, homogeneous calcareous deposit films were formed via electrodeposition, and the characteristics of the films were studied using various surface analytical techniques. In addition, the optimal conditions were determined, and the anti-corrosive effect was confirmed via
electrodeposition to form uniform and compact aragonite films in marine environments such as submerged and tidal zones. The calcareous deposit films formed in the tidal zone were thinner compared to those formed in the submerged zone. However, the aragonite–CaCO3 ratio in
the tidal zone was high and the films were firm and dense. The adhesion properties were excellent at 3 and 1 A/m2, and the current density was reduced by more than 90% because the films were formed on the steel surface.
Characteristics of Tropical Convective Gravity Waves Resolved by ERA5 Reanalysis
Authors: Pahlavan Hamid A. , Wallace John M. , Fu Qiang
Published: November 2022

The ERA5 reanalysis with hourly time steps and ∼30 km horizontal resolution resolves a substantially larger fraction of the gravity wave spectrum than its predecessors. Based on a representation of the two-sided zonal wavenumber–frequency spectrum, we show evidence of gravity wave signatures in a suite of atmospheric fields. Cross-spectrum analysis reveals (i) a substantial upward flux of geopotential for both eastward- and westward-propagating waves, (ii) an upward flux of westerly momentum in eastward-propagating waves and easterly momentum in westward-propagating waves, and (iii) anticyclonic rotation of the wind vector with time—all characteristics of vertically propagating gravity and inertio-gravity waves. Two-sided meridional wavenumber–frequency spectra, which are computed along individual meridians and then zonally averaged, exhibit characteristics similar to the spectra computed on latitude circles, indicating that these waves propagate in all directions. The three-dimensional structure of these waves is also documented in composites of the temperature field relative to grid-resolved, wave-induced downwelling events at individual reference grid points along the equator. It is shown that the waves radiate outward and upward relative to the respective reference grid points, and their amplitude decreases rapidly with time. Within the broad continuum of gravity wave phase speeds there are preferred values around ±49 and ±23 m s−1, the former associated with the first baroclinic mode in which the vertical velocity perturbations are of the same sign throughout the depth of the troposphere, and the latter with the second mode in which they are of opposing polarity in the lower and upper troposphere.
Applicability of the Zwolle score for selection of very high-risk ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients treated with primary angioplasty
Authors: Cordero Alberto , Cid-Alvarez Belén , Monteiro Pedro , García-Acuña Jose M , Gonçalves Fernando , Escribano David , Trillo Ramiro , Alvarez-Alvarez Belén , Gonçalves Lino , Bertomeu-Gonzalez Vicente , González-Juanatey José R
Published: November 2022

The Zwolle risk score was designed to stratify in-hospital mortality risk of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) and for decision-making in the unit where patients are admitted. We assessed the accuracy of Zwolle risk score for in-hospital mortality estimation compared with the GRACE score in all patients (n = 4446) admitted for STEMI in 3 university hospitals. Only one fourth of the patients were classified as high-risk by the Zwolle risk score vs 60% by the GRACE score. In-hospital mortality was 10.6%. A statistically significant increase in in-hospital mortality, adjusted by age, gender, and revascularization, was observed with both scores. The assessment of the optimal cut-off points verified the accuracy of Zwolle score ≥4 as optimal threshold for high-risk categorization. In contrast, GRACE score ≥140 had very low specificity as well as percentage of patients correctly classified; GRACE score ≥175 was fairly better. The reclassification index of the Zwolle score after applying the GRACE score was 35.5%. Selection of high-risk STEMI patients treated with pPCI based on the Zwolle risk score has higher specificity than the GRACE score and might be useful in clinical practice.
War-Time Military Service Can Affect Partisan Preferences
Authors: Getmansky Anna , Weiss Chagai M.
Published: November 2022

Does war-time military service affect partisan preferences? We argue that military service increases the salience and potential costs of war. Therefore, soldiers who serve during mismanaged wars will associate the ruling party with incompetence and be less likely to support the ruling party in the future. To test our argument, we analyze almost 50 years of Israel National Election Studies. Employing a regression discontinuity design, we show that compared with respondents who were too young to serve in the Yom Kippur war, respondents just old enough to serve report lower support for the Labor party well after the war ended. This effect is likely driven by soldiers’ unwillingness to support a party they associate with security incompetence. We further show that the negative effect of military service does not materialize in well-managed wars, contributing to the literature on the political consequences of war and attitude formation.
Students and protests: A quantitative cross-national analysis
Authors: Ustyuzhanin Vadim V , Sawyer Patrick S , Korotayev Andrey V
Published: November 2022

Previous studies have found a positive relationship between the youth and the educated with protest number, but the form that these protests take needs further research. We argue that students are a unique group, acting neither as an educated nor a young population, and three possible mechanisms push students toward non-violent rather than violent forms of protest. By promoting values of tolerance, higher levels of human capital, and social mobility, education serves as a factor that pacifies destructive tendencies in protest movements. At the same time, universities are a platform for cooperation, and the large amounts of free time and energy make the costs of participating in protests for students minimal compared with other groups. Using a negative binomial regression and a rare events logistic regression, we find that the proportion of students is a strong and consistently significant predictor of the number of nonviolent demonstrations. However, the share of students in the total population does not turn out to be significantly associated with violent protests/armed uprisings.
The Ripple Effect of Firm-Generated Content on New Movie Releases
Authors: Lu Shijie , Dinner Isaac , Grewal Rajdeep
Published: November 2022

Marketers frequently create social media content (i.e., firm-generated content; FGC) to ignite interest in new movies. Thus, there is a clear need to understand the magnitude and heterogeneity of the effect of FGC on movie demand and associated user-generated content (UGC). The authors empirically examine the complex interactions among FGC, UGC, and sales using social media (tweet) data that are normally available to firms. They investigate two potential mechanisms by which FGC may drive box office revenues: (1) a direct mechanism, such that users who see FGC directly drive revenue, and (2) an indirect “ripple effect,” by which FGC increases movie-related UGC, which then drives consumption. By analyzing 145,502 firm-generated and 5.9 million user-generated Twitter posts associated with 159 movies, the authors find a positive and significant effect of FGC on movie sales, which UGC fully mediates, which supports the indirect ripple effect reasoning. Impressions of FGC by followers of firm accounts, as opposed to nonfollowers of firm accounts, mainly drive the effect of FGC on UGC. In addition, FGC by movie accounts is more effective than that by actors and studios. Firms’ regular posts with a movie-specific hashtag are more effective than replies, retweets, and posts without the hashtag. The finding of the ripple effect suggests that movie executives should focus on creating FGC that sparks conversations among followers when new movies are released.
Multi-level governance framework and its applicability to education policy research - the Canadian perspective
Authors: Tamtik Merli , Colorado Cara
Published: November 2022

Education policies are increasingly characterized as complex and dynamic, involving a multitude of actors and policy networks. As a result, there is a growing demand in education for research approaches that can help make sense of this complexity. This paper examines the applicability of multi-level governance (MLG) framework as a tool of education research from Canada’s decentralized federalist perspective. By conducting a comprehensive literature review of 50 peer-reviewed journal articles, we determine the applicability of MLG framework, the conditions necessary for its use, and its overall relevance to education policy, which is increasingly characterized by the involvement of a variety of stakeholder groups across government levels and policy sectors. The key findings are presented following Bowe et al.’s (1992) policy cycle framework. We conclude that MLG approach is a strong tool for education research to analyze policy making in federal decentralized educational systems, as it allows a more nuanced perspective for understanding the multilayered policy dynamics often unfolding in the context of federalism.