bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh fasciolosis pada sapi bali berdasarkan pemeriksaan darah, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), dan alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
Authors: Amirullah Amirullah , AS Dradjat , M Sriasih , Maskur Maskur , SN Depamede , D Kisworo , Kurniasih Kurniasih
Published: November 2022

Investation of Fasciola sp. On several species of cattle in Indonesia has occurred since a long time ago. Fasciolosis caused a high economical loss such as decreasing of carcass and organs, sometimes caused death of calves. The objectives of the research were to evaluate the effect of fasciolosis on Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), and  the obstruction of  bile duct by Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) in Bali cattle suffered from fasciolosis. Faeces of Bali cattle raised in endemic areas of fasciolosis were examinated by sedimentation test to identify eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) of Fasciola sp. The blood samples of cattle which positive to fasciolosis were use to study the hematology by autoanalyser, SGPT  and ALP.  The results of research showed that from 89 cattle, 28 were infected by Fasciola sp. whithin of 7-115 EPG (min-max). From 20 fasciolosis cattle were indicated that MCHC of 90%, RBC of 30%, HB of 20%,  and  eosinophils of 2 % of cattle were lower than that of normal standard, while  lymphocytes of 60%, MCV of 40%, ALP of 10%  and SGPT of 5% of cattle were higher than that of normal standard. hematological appearances of cattle suffered from fasciolosis  had macrocytichypochromic anemia, eosinopenia, and lymphocytosis. The increase of SGPT may be caused byhepatic cells destruction by young liver flukes, and the increase of  ALP was caused by the obstruction of bile duct by mature liver flukes.
Morfologi dan Morfometri Struktur Anatomis Lambung Codot (Rosettus sp) dan Lawa (Myotis sp)
Authors: . Ariana , Budipitojo Teguh
Published: November 2022

.
Pengaruh Pemberian Teri Asin Terhadap Ekskresi Kalsium Urin dan Mineralisasi Tulang Femur Tikus Penderita
Authors: . Hartiningsih , Widiyono Irkham , Wuryastuty Hastari
Published: November 2022

.
Ovulatory Follicular Dynamics After Estrus Synchronization using Prostaglandin F2a in Dairy Cows
Authors: Putro Prabowo Purwono , Kusumawati Asmarani
Published: November 2022

The study aimed to follow development of ovulatory follicular dynamics as well as plasma progesterone profile after estrus synchronization using PGF2 and GnRH.   A total of 15 non-pregnant dairy cows, 4-5 years of age, healthy and reproductively sound were used in the present study.     Treatment 1, given intramuscular injection of PGF2 25 mg (PGF2), treatment 2 PGF2 25 mg and GnRH 250 g 2 days later (PGF2-GnRH), and treatment 3 with GnRH 250 g (7 days prior to injection of PGF2), PGF2 25 mg and GnRH 250 g (2 days after injection of PGF2)  (GnRH-PGF2a-GnRH) (the Ovsynch method).   Transrectal ultrasonographic examination using real time, B-mode, with 7.5 MHz tranducer was performed everyday for 12 days to follow ovulatory follicular and luteal dynamics.   Blood plasma was taken every day for progesterone determination using EIA technique.   Data of follicular, luteal development and progesterone levels were tested using analysis of variance and correlation analysis.   The animals showed estrus within 70.70 + 01.90 hours following PGF2 injection.   Prostaglandin F2 induced corpus luteum regression, decreased  in progesterone plasma levels, followed by ovulatory follicular development and eventually underwent ovulation.   Administration of first GnRH increased corpus luteum size, enhanced its regression and decreased plasma progesterone levels, while  the second administration induce  better ovulatory follicular development.   Rate of the corpus luteum regression, progesterone decrease and ovulatory follicular development following PGF2 injection for respective treatments 1, 2 and 3 were 2.53 + 0.24a, 2.73 + 0.36a and 3.53 + 0.28b mm/day; 1.39 + 0.14a,  1.35 + 0.18a dan 1.57 + 0.12b ng/ml/day; and 1.33 + 0.15a,  1.63 + 0.19b and 1.67 + 0.23b mm/day, respectively (P < 0.05).   It can be concluded that PGF2 induced corpus luteum regression, decreased in  progesterone plasma levels and ovulatory follicular development.   Addition of GnRH increased corpus luteum size and plasma progesterone levels,  after PGF2 injection corpus luteum regression and progesterone decrease became more prominent, while ovulatory folliculkar development occurred much better.   .
Review of The Artificial Insemination Result Based on Anestrus Post Insemination in Bali Cattle Herds at The Regency of Sikka, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Topianong Tarsisius Considus , Budiyanto Agung , Setyawan Erif Maha Nugraha
Published: November 2022

Anestrus is one of indirect clinical signs of cattle pregnancy. Based on the present of sufficient progesterone on the blood,  the cattle with pregnancy condition will not show the signs of estrus.  The success of artificial insemination (AI) is the occurrence of fertilization followed by pregnancy and parturition. This involves a complex relationship between semen quality and oocytes, estrus detection, AI punctuality, inseminator and farmers ability. Artificial insemination should be performed at the relative optimum time to ovulation. Estrus detection is an important factor to determine the time of AI. Estrus Detection of Bali cattles of the farmer is often difficult observed or not observed, especially in semi-intensive system maintenance. From this review it can be seen that there is the different proportion of inseminators on the incidence of estrus after AI. However, determination of  the role of inseminator on the success of AI and  then the other factors that affect the success of the AI should be under ideal conditions. Straw from the different bulls breed gave the same of AI result. The estimate of pregnancy rate of 80 cows after AI is 55 %.  Estrus detection on 21st days after AI can be used as a detection method for early diagnosis of pregnancy, especially for the  farmers who did not have any ability or authority to perform  medical acts of reproduction which is only owned by a veterinarian. Observation, recording and evaluation of the implementation of the AI should be made until the end of pregnancy  followed by the process of parturition.
Prevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Sheep Slaughtered in Ngampilan Slaughterhouse Yogyakarta Using CATT Method
Authors: Siregar Rika Yuniar , . Yuswandi
Published: November 2022

The research was conducted to find out the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in sheeps which were slaughtered in Ngampilan Slaughterhouse Yogyakarta using card agglutination test (CATT) method. Blood samples were collected from 50 sheeps. The blood samples were then centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes in 4°C in order to obtain the sera of the sheeps. After that, each serum in the amounts of 10 µl was tested using CATT method. The positive CATT test resulted in the green background with red aggregate in the middle, whereas the negative CATT test resulted in the uniform brown discoloration. In conclusion, about 72% of sheeps slaughtered in Ngampilan Slaughterhouse Yogyakarta was positively infected toxoplasma. Toxoplasmosis prevalences for ewes, rams, sheeps and lambs are 79 %, 59 %, 72 % and 67 %, respectively.
Immunocytochemical Study on Blood and Organ Suspension of Tiger Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) Infected with Field Isolate of Viral Nervous Necrosis
Authors: Lestari Artanti Tri , Sudaryatma Putu Eka
Published: November 2022

One potential marine cultures that have been developed and started to show the international market is grouper. Grouper culture can not be separated from factors that can affect disease and thwart cultivation. One of the diseases that has been reported by researchers is viral nervous necrosis (VNN) causing mass mortality in fish, especially grouper larvae and juvenile stadia. Laboratory of Balai KIPM kelas l Denpasar develop rapid diagnostic techniques, precise and accurate test using immunocytochemistry of blood and organs as one of the initial inspection. Tiger grouper sized 150-300 g as much as 50 and acclimatized, then 10 fishes used as controls, 40 fishes were injected with inoculum VNN 101.5 reared without water replacement cycle for ten days. Clinical observation and organ sampling performed 12 hours post-infection and consecutive every 12 hours. Blood samples and organs were collected for immunocytochemical (streptavidin-biotin) and a confirmatory test using RT - PCR using kit IQ -2000 VNN. Immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR showed positive results against VNN blood smears and suspensions organs of grouper fish with 24 hours post-infection . Based on the test results, the immunocytochemistry test on the blood and organ suspensions can be used as a detection technique VNN which is rapid, precise and accurate.
Developmental Anatomy of Cerebellum of Long-Tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) at the First Trimester of Gestation
Authors: Pangestiningsih Tri Wahyu , Megawati Saputra Irene Linda , Suminar Agnya Sinung
Published: November 2022

Long tailed macaque was one of animal models in biomedical research because it has  many similarities with humans, both anatomical and physiological properties. There were many research about cerebellum associated with its role in the coordination of muscle activity. Understanding of normal development of cerebellum long tailed macaque may help to understand about the development in human cerebellum and its abnormalities. Embryonic and fetal brain samples were obtained through caesarean section and were  then made for histological preparation stained with cresyl violet. Staining results were observed using a microscope with a digital camera. Images obtained are processed by graphics software Adobe Photoshop CS 8.0. Cerebellum Macaca fascicularis Ed40 showed the isthmus and rhombic lip that were composed of ventricular layer, mantle layer, and marginal layer. Cerebellum Macaca fascicularis Fd55 showed future lobes and future  fissures, but the cortex and medulla are not bounded clear. The cortex consisted of the external granular layer, neuroblast basket, and neuroblast stellate, while the  medulla consisted of neuroblast deep cerebellar nuclei. From this research, we concluded that neurons were on stage of proliferation and migration in the embryo aged 40 days, then differentiated and migrated to form cortex  cerebellum and deep cerebellar nuclei at the age of 55 days, but the development of the cerebellum was not fully completed yet.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Thymidin Kinase Gene Koi HerpesVirus (KHV) in Some Freshwater Fish Aquaculture Centers in East Java
Authors: Wahidi Budi Rianto
Published: November 2022

Koi Herpesvirus ( KHV ) is a virus that infects goldfish and koi that resulted in mass death and cause economic and social losses. The use of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique to detect KHV was done  in nila and gurame. Proof that KHV could infect nila and gurame KHV following genetic variation in each definitive host and spreading area have not been done. Based on these problems, this research was conducted to study the genetic variability and genetic relationships between KHV isolates in some freshwater fish as the definitive host koi, komet , koki, nila and gurame that exist in the area of East Java. The results showed that clinically the gills were pale and hemorrage the end of the tail fin. Electrophoresis results showed that all samples from  KHV infected  koi, koki, komet, nila and gurame  were all  positive but the sequencing results for tilapia and carp could not be further identified using the BLAST program. Genetically,  koi fish, koki and komet isolates were identical to GenBank isolates code KHV-GZ11 and Indo_0K02SS.
The Accuracy of Transrectal Ultrasonography Diagnostic for Examination of Ovarian Structures in Cattle
Authors: Putro Prabowo Purwono
Published: November 2022

The study aimed to determine the accuracy of ovarian follicle and corpus luteum measurements in vivo using ultrasonography diagnostic and in vitro after slicing of the ovaries. A total of 15 cows were examined using transrectal ultrasonography just before being slaughtered. Ultrasonographic examination was performed using 7.5 MHz transrectal tranducer on ovaries, measured dominant follicle and corpus luteum diameters. Follicleappeared echogenic, black with round shape. Corpus luteum, appeared as low echogenicity structure and grayish in color.Ovaries were taken out soon after animals slaughtered, soaked in 10% buffered formalin for 12 hours,then cut in thin slices and measured follicle and corpus luteum diameters. Results of follicle and corpus luteum diameter measurements in vitro and in vivo compared using two sample or paired t-test, correlation and regression analyses. The two methods of follicle and corpus luteum measurements had linear orrelation (follicle measurement, R2 = 0.933 , r = 0.966, n = 15, P < 0.05) (corpus luteum, R2 = 0.912, r = 0.955, n = 15, P < 0.05).Measurements of dominant follicle diameter and corpus luteum size manifested the real size of the two ovarian structures. Transrectal ultrasonography diagnostic on ovaries proved to be having high accuracy and reliability for identification, measurement of ovarian structure diameters, follicle and corpus luteum in cattle.
Pathogen Inventory of Botia (Chromobotia macracanthus Bleeker) in Fish Quarantine Supadio, Pontianak
Authors: Herawati Ristyana Dewi
Published: November 2022

Disease was a major obstacle in the cultivation of orrnamental fish, one of them is botia. The many types of diseases that infected botia can cause huge losses. The efforts that could minimize these losses was prevented the spread of disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of pathogen that infected botia (Chromobotia macracanthus Bleeker) in fish quarantine Supadio, Pontianak. The observations were identification of parasites, bacteria and fungi. The results showed that the agent of disease affecting botia are Gyrodactylus sp., Myxobolus sp., Argulus sp., Vorticella sp. from parasite agent, Neisseria sp., Aeromonashydrophila, Chromobacterium violaceum, Pasteurella hemolytica from bacteria agent and Saprolegnia sp. from fungi agent. All of agent diseases are not belonged to fish disease quarantine.
EVALUATION OF LEAD LEVEL IN VARIOUS TISSUES OF PIGEONS (Columbia livia) IN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Santosa Edi Boedi , Hariono Bambang , Mudasir Mudasir
Published: November 2022

Lead is one of major air pollutants. Lead is a dangerous poison for human and animals. Pigeon meat is one of popular food consumed by many people in Yogyakana. The aim of this research was to evaluate whether the lead concentration in the pigeon in Yogyakarta is considered safe for human consumption or not Forty birds 3-4 months old were collected from 4 locations in Yogyakarta, Group I (10 birds) were collected from people who sole fried birds around UripBumodibflTjo, C. Simanjuntak, Kaliurang, Gcjayan, Johanes streets, and North Ringroad. Group II (10 birds) were collected from the bird markets (Ngasem, Terban, Lempuyangan), group III (10 birds) were collected from the bird owners who raised the birds extensivelly (not in cages). Group IV (10 birds) were obtained from the bird owners who raised tho birds imeosivdly (in cages). All experimental animals were euthanized by chloroform then necropsied. Kidney, liver and breast muscle were collected for lead examination using atomic absorption spectrophotorneter {AAS). The results of the experiment showed that lead concentrations in the kidneys, liver and breast muscle of pigeons obtained from several locations in Yogyakarta were higher than the recommended standard value from WHO (0,1 ppm).
EFFECTS OF PAPAYA LEAF EXTRACT ADMINISTRATION IN CHICKENS: I. DUODENUM PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE
Authors: Kamaruddin Mufti , Salim M Nur
Published: November 2022

The pathophysiological effects of papaya leaf extract administration were studied in 20 local-three month-old chickens weighing 577±69.979 g. The chickens were randomly evenly divided into 4 groups. P0 group just orally received one single dose Of 3.0 ml aquadest. The P1 P2 P3 and P4 groups were treated orally with one single dose of 1,5 ml, 2.0ml, 2.5 ml and 3.0 ml papaya leaf extract respectively. The extract was made from 400 g papaya leaves, extracted directly by simple traditional methods. Four days after treatment, the chickens were sacrificed, the duodenum were excised for macroscopic examinations, than fixed in 10% formalin prepared for microscopic examination using paraffin method and routine hematoxylin-eosin staining. The results indicated that pathological duodenum effects occurred in groups P2, P3 and P4. Macroscopically, the duodenum were hyperaemic and haemorrhagic. Microscopically the duodenum of these groups showed erosions of ephitelial mucous cells, hyperaemic and haemorrhagic propia. The P0 and Pt did not show any macroscopic and microscopic changes. It was concluded that one single dose of 3.0 ml aquadest or 1.5 ml of papaya leaf did not cause any pathophysiological effects in duodenum chicken, but a single dose of 2.0 ml, 2.5 ml or 3.0 ml did. The greater the dose the worse the effects.
THE EFFECTS OF SOME IONOPHORE COCCIDIOSTATS ON THE INDEX OF DIGESTIVE TRACT WEIGHT OF BROILERS
Authors: Hana Amelia
Published: November 2022

Coccidiosis is one of the problems in poultry husbandry since it causes a lot of loss. Nowadays, several ionophore coccidiostats have been used to prevent coccidiosis. However, because of some complaints for ionphore coccidios­tats usage, especially Monensin which effect to the weight of digestive tract, therefore the use of coccidiostats should be taken with care. This investigation is intended to undestand the Increase of weight and some changes in diges­tive tract because of the use of 4 ionophore coccidiosis.This investigation used 52 Hubbard broiler of 1 days age. After 2 weeks of adaption 4 broiler were taken randomly as a control group (without coccidiostat). and the remaining 46 broilers were divided randomly into A group, that is. Monensin (Mo). Karacin (Na). Salinomicin (Sal), and Madura­micin (Mad)- The Mo group was divided futher into 3 sub­groups, those are Mo 70, Mo 110, and mo 130 that were fed containing Monensin 70, 110. and 130 mg/kg feed. The other groups were also divided similarly into 3 subgroups, those are, Na 50, Na 70. Na 90; Sal 40, Sal 60, Sal 80; and Mad 4, Mad 5, Mad 6. Number after the abbreviation of coccidiostats indicated the amount of mg/kg reed. The coccidiostats were used to the broilers since 14 until 45 days old. and finally all of the broilers were Killed 4 days later.Using variance analysis with split plot pattern showed that all of the coccidiostats did not effect to the weight growth of broilers (the weighting of broilers was carried out every week since 14 until 49 days old). The use of orthogonal polynomial contrast test indicated that the Monensin coccidiostat effected to the index (the related organ weight/the total weight x 100%) of praventriculus to Cloaca by an equation of VA = 26,9736 - 0,4602 X + G,0024X^P therefore the suggested dosage is 96,53 mg/kg feed. For the Maduramicin coccidiostat. besides it effected to the index of proventriculus-to cloaca by an equation of VR = -12.790 + 7,461 X - 0.696 X*. it also effected to the inffex of duode­num to cloaca by an equation of yc = -5,910+3,585 X - 0.315 X * therefore the suggested dosage is 4 mg/kg feed. The use of Naracin and Salinomicin did not influence to the Index of tractdigestive. All of the coccidiostats did not effect on the thickness of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. covering diameter (by macroscopic measurement), also the indexes of epithelium/villi weight, mucosa layer thickness, and mus-culer layer thickness that measured by microscopic method-From this investigation can conlcuded that the use of Monensin in 96,53 mg/kg feed. Naracin In 50-90 mg/kg feed, Salinomicin in 40-80 mg/kg feed, and Maduramicin in 4 mg/kg feed will be safe, which means that they willnot increase the weight of tractusgastrointestine.
SEROLOGIC PREVALENCE OF TOXOPLASMOSIS IN SHEEP, GOATS CATTLE. AND PIGS FROM YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Hartati Sri
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the investigation is to find out the serologically prevalence oT toxoplasrnosis in animal husban­dry primarily in sheep, goats, cattle and pigs-Serum samples were taken from 100 sheep. 50 goats, 50 cattle and 100 pigs in a Yogyakarta abattoir. The sera were examined for Toxoplasma gonddi antibody by using direct agglutination test with Toxo-Scrven DA. It was considered that titers of 1:40 or greater were positive.The obtained results showed that prevalence of anti­bodies to T. gondii were : Sheep 50%, goats 15&. cattle 2% and pigs 44X. The sex was no err 1.1 on the prevalence of toxoplasmosis.
THE EFFECT OF INCUBATION TIME ON EXCYSTATION OF EIMERIA TENELLA SPOROZOITES IN VITRO
Authors: Prastowo Joko , Mufasirin Mufasirin , Sumartono Sumartono
Published: November 2022

This purpose of the research is to know the effect of incubation time on excystation of Eimeria tenella sporo-zoites in vitro.Eimeria tenella oocystes treated in clorox were broken by glass beads. Sporocystes liberated from oocys were divid­ed in six groups (I - VI), each ghroup contained 1.68.106 sporocystes. All of the groups were treated by 0,75% taur-ocholat sodium and 0,25% trypsin. Those sporocystes were incubated at 41°C for 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 minutes respectively. The data collected was the percentage at the number of sporozoites found in each group.The result showed that the increase of the number of sporozoites was paralelly with the incubation time. The highest number of sporozoites excystation was found in the 90 minutes of incubation group.
THE EFFECT OF STORAGE LENGTH ON THE PATHOGENICITY OF EIMERIA TENELLA OOCYSTS
Authors: Rohayati Eryl Sri
Published: November 2022

A research has been conducted to evaluate storage length effect on the pathogeniclty of E. tenella oocysts in broiler chickens.Two groups consist eight day old chickens, four chickens in group I and four chichkens in group II were used in this research. At the age of seventeen days, all the chickens in both groups were infected with 20,000 E. tenella oocysts. Group I was infected with Eimeria tenella oocyst that had been stored for 107 days at 4°C in the refrigerator and group II was infected with E. tenella oocysts that had been stored for two days at room temperature.The data collected were the caeca lesion score and the histopathology of the caeca. Of all chichkens in both groups that were killed on the fifth days after infection.The data of the caeca lesion score was analysed using the Rank test (Ferguson and Takane, 1989) while the data of caeca histopathology was analyzed descriptively.The result of the research on the caeca lesion score showed that there was a significant difference between group I and group II (P < 0,01). In group I the caeca lesion score was relative light (0) - (+1) if compared with group two (+4). The result of the research on the caeca histopathology showed that in group I the histopathological changes were relative light if compared with group II. In group II there was a great inflamation reaction and the coccidia stadia varied greatly.The conclusion of the research was when oocysts storage for 107 days will be influence the pathogenicity of the E. tenel1 a oocyst s.
ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND SENSITIVITY TEST OF BACTERIA FROM DIARRHEA CASES IN DOG AT THE VETERINARY CLINIC, FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, GADJAH MADA UNIVERSITY
Authors: Yuriadi Yuriadi , Tjahajati Ida
Published: November 2022

A study was conducted to find out bacteria which probably play an important role in causing diarrhea in dog at the veterinary clinic Gadjah Mada University. Sample were collected from diarrhea cases of dog, during the periode of September to December 1997, by rectal swabbing. Samples were then sent to the laboratory for bacterial isolation and identification.The result indicated that E. coli was found from 50% of the sample, Streptococcus sp 41.9%, Staphylococcus sp 33.3% of sample, Enterobacter sp 16.7%, Bacillus sp 8.3%.Some of E. coli isolates were pathogenic to mice. The pathogenic E. coli were resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, streptomycin, erythromycin, doxycycline, besides sensitive to neomycin, gentamycin, kanamycin, polymyxin B, chloram-phenicol and sulfisoksale.
EFFECTS OF ACTIVE GUMBORO VACCINE OF INTERMEDIATE STRAIN HIGH PATHOGENICITY ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF BURSA FABRICIUS AND THE IMMUNE RESPONSE OF BROILER TO VACCINATION AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE
Authors: Tabbu Charles Rangga
Published: November 2022

This experiment was designed to study the effects of active Gumboro vaccine of high pathogenicity on the morphology of bursa Fabricius and the immune response of broiler to vaccination against Newcastle disease (ND). This experiment was conducted in 330 broilers, which were vaccinated with aviive Gumboro vaccine of high, intermediate and low pathogenicity (control) at the age of 12 days. Experimental chickens were also vaccinated against ND at the age of 4 and 18 days. Diameter of bursas were measured at day 1st through 7th, 14th, 21th, 28th, 35th post Gumboro vaccination. Evaluation of hemaggutination inhibition (HI) liters against ND virus (NDV) were done only at day 7th, 14th, 2lth, 28th and 35th. Samples of bursa were stained with the method of hematoxylin and eosin (H & E). Pathologic evaluation revealed lesions in the bursa Fabricius of chickens vaccinated with Gumboro vaccine of high pathogenicity as well as changes in the diameter of bursa of lesions in this organ. The HI titers against NDV were lower in the group of chickens vaccinated with Gumboro vaccine of high pathogenicity compared with them of other groups. Results indicated that active Gumboro vaccine of high pathogenicity caused lesions in the bursa,which were similar to lesions caused by exposure to field Gumboro virus.
INTERPRETATION OF DIAGNOSTIC TESTS IN CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
Authors: Sumiarto Bambang
Published: November 2022

A test is process designed to detect a sign, substance tissue change, or response. The detection of signs or tissue abnormalities during [he diagnostic process, pregnancy diagnostic activities, and meat inspection findings, are also tests. Indeed, tests are used in virtually all problem solving activities and therefore the understanding of the principles of lest evaluation and interpretation are basic to many of practical veterinarian and researcher. Clinical epidemiology revolves around the use and interpretation of tests.
COLIBACILLOSIS IN BURAS CHICKENS IN SOUTH KALIMANTAN (KOLIBASILOSIS PADA AYAM BURAS DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN)
Authors: Utomo Bambang Nganji
Published: November 2022

Thirty eight buras chickens of various ages with clinical signs diseases of illness were diagnosed for colibacillosis and other diseases, The diagnoses were carried out by isolation and identification of causative agents, pathological and histopathological examination. The isolated E. coli were tested serologically and their sensitivity towards antibiotics and sulfouamid.The results indicated that E. coli were isolated from 42.11 % chickens, either as single infection or in the connection with Newcastle Disease, salmonellosis, coccidiosis, aspergillosis, pasteurellosis aad mycoplasmosis. Serological test indicated that 25% of E. coli isolates belong to serotype 0,2 : KI and 18.75% serotype 078 : K80. The Sensitivity test showed that 73.33% of E. coli isolates were resistant to the antibiotics and sulfonamid, where as 26.67% were sensitive.
RADIO RECEPTOR ASSAY FOR DIAGNOSTIC SERUM AND MILK 1,25-DIHYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL
Authors: Wuryastuti Hastari
Published: November 2022

The objectives of this study were to modify and develop technique for determination of 1,25-(OH)2D3 concentrations in sera and milk samples. The developed technique, used non-HPLC for extraction and purification of the samples and involved radio receptor assay which used calf thymus as 1,25-{OH)2Dj receptor for quantitation of 1,25-(OH)2D3 Results of this study were compare to that of the technique developed by Horst et at. (1981) which used HPLC for samples extraction and purification. The correlation between the two techniques was r=0,95. Using the modified technique the 1,25-(OH)2D3 concentrations in cow and sow sera were 57,42 ±5,3 pg/ml (n=20) and 75.22 ±6.05 pg/ml (n=20) respectively, whereas the laSHOH^D., concentrations in cow and sow milk were 16.62 ±2.2 pg/ml (n=20) and 21.52 + 3.125 pg/ml (n=20). Based on the results could be concluded that the technique that had been developed in this study was found satisfactory for determination the l,25-(OH)2Dj concentration either in serum or milk samples.
DYNAMICS OF NUMBER OF NEMATODE LARVAE IN GRASS IN THE PASTURE
Authors: Prastowo Joko , Sumartono Sumartono
Published: November 2022

The existence of nematode larvae in a pasture can be used as an indication of infection or reinfection in animal grazing on it. The objective of the current study was to reveal the dynamics of the number of nematode larvae found on the grass of a pasture.Three locations of the pasture of the teaching farm of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine GMU, were chosen as sampling areas. Grass of the areas was cut just on top of the soO five times a day for ten day namely at 5, 6-9 am - 1 pm, 2-5 pm and 6 pm. Following cutting, the grass was kef t m a tube and washed with detergent solution. The washing solution was examined under a stereomicroscope, and the larvae observed were counted. Differences in the number of larvae between locations and collection times were analysed statistically by names of factorial analysis of variance.The results show that the mean number of larvae varies between 03 ± 0.67 and 6.1 ± 2.95 per grass. The number of larvae is not significantly different (F > 0,05). Cutting at however, is influenced by collection time (P < 0,05). Cutting at 5-9 am gives the largest number of larvae, while 6 pm gives the lowest count.  '
ARTIFICIAL INFECTION STUDY OF FASCIOLA GIGANTICA IN LOCAL SHEEP AND ITS IMPACT ON WEIGHT GAIN, HEMATOLOGY AND	ENZYME GAMMA GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE
Authors: Khajadatun Khajadatun , DP Wardiarto , Budiharta Setyawan
Published: November 2022

This research was to investigate the effect of infection of Fasciola gigantica on weight gain, blood picture and the level of iiver damage of local sheep, and the correlation between the number of metacercariae infectH and the number of the fluke recovered.                                                                           Twenty male local sheep, were allocated randomly into 4 different groups. One group used as uninfected control and a total of 200, 500 and 1.000 metacercariae was infected into animals of groups 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Variables evaluated include weight gain, blood picture, gamma glutamyl tons/erase (GGTase) activity, and the number of egg and the fluke recovered. All individual sheep were weighed every week, whole blood and sera were taken every 3 weeks, fecal samples were started to b« examined 8 weeks after infection and every week thereafter. Weight gain, hematology picture and enzyme GGTase activity were anafized by split-plot, the number of egg and fluke recovered were analized by correlation. All sheep were killed 18 weeks after infection.                          The results show that infection F. gigantica causes norntocytic normochromic anemia in local sheep. Increased GGTase acitivity is observed. The number of fluke recovered correlates with the number of metacercariae infected.
CALCULATION OF % PROGESTERONE IN SKIM MILK FRACTION WHEN CENTRIFUGATION TEMPERATURE AND % BUTTERFAT OF WHOLE MILK ARE KNOWN
Authors: Hartantyo Sri
Published: November 2022

Air susu dikumpelkan dari 70 fkor sapi perah, Departemen Animal Science, Michigan State University, USA-, sampel-sampel tersebut diperlakukan terhadop berbagai temperatur perlakuan, yaitu : 0.10 C : I 0C : 30 C : 50 C : 100 C : 200 C : 300 C dan kontrol Periode inkubasi dilakukan 10 jam. Hasil dari studi ini menunjukkan bahwa dari grafik kalkulasi persentase progesteron pada skim milk apabila temperatur sentrifugasi dan kadar lemak susu diketahui maka diperoleh hasil bahwa semakin tinggi kadar lemak ternyata persentase progesteron dalam skim milk akan menurun. Dapat diketahui pula  bahwa semakin  tinggi temperatur, kadar progesteron dalam skim milk  akain  menurun sejajar dengan peningkatan kadar  lemak.
EFFECTS OF RIBOFLAV1N SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE TERATOGENIC EFFECTS OF SODIUM BORATE IN WHITE RATS
Authors: Pangestiningsih Tri Wahyu , Sunaryo Sumiyati
Published: November 2022

Na-borate gave teratogenic effects both to rats and chickens. In chickens the fetal malformations caused by borate treatments were similar to those due to riboflavin deficiency. It was proposed that in embryonated eggs borate built a bond with riboflavin, so that riboflavin could not junction properly. This present investigation was conducted to assess the possibility of riboflavin  in  prevent  the  teratogenic effects of  Na-borate in rats.Nineteen primigravida Wistar rats were allocated randomly to one of treatment groups, i. e, 9 rats were orally treated with 180 mg/200g BW/day, No-borate the other 10 rats beside treated with Na-borate, they were also treated orally with 2.5 mg/rat/day riboflavin. The treatments were done during the pregnancy on day 6 to 15. On day 20 the pregnant does were caesarean sectioned under ether anaesthesia. After all fetal malformations were noted, then all fetuses were placed in alcohol 70%, prepared for alizarin method for microscopic skeleton inspection. Chi square analysis of the gross inspection malformations, i e. the resorbed vs. the unresorbed, the alive vs. the dead, the haemorrhage vs. the non Hemorrhage fetuses of the two treatments showed unsignificant difference. Riboflavin supplementation increased singnificantly the number of fetuses with omphalocel. T-test analysis indicated that riboflavinsupplementation highly significantly caused the fore and hind paw, costal, sternal defects became more serious, if also significantly reduced the weight and the length of the fetuses. This investigation revealed that riboflavin supplementation failed to prevent, but even caused the teratogenic effects of the Na-borate to rats became more serious.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SURFACE HYDROPHOBICiTY, HAEMAGGLUTTNATION AND ADHERENCE MECHANISM OF STREPTOCOCCUS SUIS
Authors: Salasia Siti Isrina Oktavia
Published: November 2022

Streptococcus suis is well known as the causative agent of disease in various animal including pigs and human. The streptococcal cultures isolated from pigs and human have been characterized and identified biochemically and serologically as Streptococcus suis. The Cultures could be serotyped with 28 different monospecific antisera. Tne result of tins study indicated that the predominant antigen types of the S. suis cultures belonged to serotypes 2, 1/2, 1. The occurrence of the type specific microcapsule appeared to be realed with the surface hydrophobicity of the bacteria. Toe surface hydrophobicity could be demonstrated by hexadecan adherence tests. The S. suis cultures with hydrophobic surface agglutinated erythrocytes of humans, pigs and rabbits. The relationship between surface hydrophobicity, haemagglutinating and adherence properties of cultures could be demonstrated with 3 cell models. The haemagglutinating cultures adhered in high number to HeLa cells, ephitelial cells and to alveolar macrophages from rabbits. The non haemagglutinating cultures with hydrophobic surfaces adhered only to ephitelial cells and to alveolar macrophages S, suis cultures with hydrophilic surfaces showed no comparable reaction with 3 cell models.
Cost-Effectiveness of Dapagliflozin as a Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: McEwan Phil , Darlington Oliver , Miller Ryan , McMurray John J.V. , Wheeler David C. , Heerspink Hiddo J.L. , Briggs Andrew , Bergenheim Klas , Garcia Sanchez Juan Jose
Published: November 2022

Background and objectives

CKD imposes a significant burden on patients and health care providers, particularly upon reaching kidney failure when patients may require KRT. The Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in CKD (DAPA-CKD) trial demonstrated that dapagliflozin, with standard therapy, reduced CKD progression and KRT requirement. The study objective was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin for the treatment of CKD from payer perspectives in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Spain.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We constructed a lifetime Markov model to characterize outcomes in patients with CKD on the basis of the DAPA-CKD trial. Health states were defined by eGFR level and KRT type. Direct health care costs and utility values were sourced from published literature and the DAPA-CKD trial, respectively. Costs and benefits were discounted at 3.5% per annum in the United Kingdom and 3% in Germany and Spain.

Results

In patients eligible for the DAPA-CKD trial, treatment with dapagliflozin was predicted to reduce rates of CKD progression, with patients predicted to spend 1.7 (95% credibility interval, 0.8 to 2.4) more years in the eGFR range 15–89 ml/min per 1.73 m2 versus standard therapy alone (12.1; 95% credibility interval, 8.9 to 14.1 versus 10.4; 95% credibility interval, 7.7 to 12.4 years). Life expectancy (undiscounted) was correspondingly predicted to increase by 1.7 (95% credibility interval, 0.7 to 2.5) years (15.5; 95% credibility interval, 11.1 to 18.2 versus 13.8; 95% credibility interval, 9.9 to 16.5 years). This in addition to reduced incidence of adverse clinical outcomes, including hospitalization for heart failure, resulted in modeled quality-adjusted life year (discounted) gains between 0.82 (95% credibility interval, 0.38 to 1.18) and 1.00 (95% credibility interval, 0.46 to 1.41). These gains translated to incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of $8280, $17,623, and $11,687 in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Spain, respectively, indicating cost-effectiveness at willingness-to-pay thresholds (United Kingdom: $27,510 per quality-adjusted life year; Germany and Spain: $35,503 per quality-adjusted life year).

Conclusions

In patients meeting the eligibility requirements for the DAPA-CKD trial, dapagliflozin is likely to be a cost-effective treatment within the UK, German, and Spanish health care systems.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:

Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in CKD (DAPA-CKD), NCT03036150
Numerical Approximation of Poisson Equation Using the Finite Difference Method
Authors: Sundaram Arunachalam
Published: November 2022

Abstract: In this paper, we implement the Finite Difference Method to approximate the homogeneous form of the Poisson equation. The Poisson equation is discretized using the central difference approximation of the second derivative and the grid function is determined by the five point method approximates the exact solution of the Poisson equation. The finite difference approximation is consistent and convergent. The method of solving the numerical approximation of Poisson equation is implemented using Python Programming
COVID-19 and Other Pneumonia Diagnosis Using CNN
Authors: Rakesh J
Published: November 2022

Abstract: In the present scenario, a novel virus called COVID-19 is one of the substantial snags to the humans in this contemporary era. The present pace at which the virus is spreading has led to a significant spike in death rates across the globe, including in all countries and towns. In order to treat the ailment, one must therefore come up with a quick and accurate diagnosis. Deep learning has made a significant contribution to medical research, opening up new paths and opportunities for disease diagnosis methods. To counteract the COVID-19 outbreak, here we create a classifier distinguishing between positive and negative COVID scans. This study suggests a technique that utilizes chest X-ray images to first classify a patient into one of the bacterial or viral classifications, then further subclassifies them into one of the COVID-19 classes (Positive-1 & Negative-0).
Corrosion resistance of 12% chrome steel under the operation conditions of a steam generator of a reactor plant with sodium coolant
Authors: Kudryavtsev A. S. , Suvorov S. A. , Artemieva D. A. , Ramazanov R. M.
Published: November 2022

The influence of an aqueous medium and superheated steam on the corrosion resistance and resistance to corrosion-mechanical destruction of 07Kh12NMFB steel in various operating modes of a steam generator of a promising high-power sodium-cooled reactor plant has been studied. Steel of this grade meets the requirements for the operation of heat exchange pipes and vessel elements of direct-flow steam generators of a reactor plant in terms of corrosion resistance and corrosion-mechanical strength.
Behavior of localized strain under hot compression of cast specimen from Mg–Al–Zn alloy
Authors: Kochubey A. Ya. , Zhuravleva P. L.
Published: November 2022

Axisymmetric hot compression experiments of Mg–Al–Zn specimens in intervals of temperature 250–450 °С and deformation rate (10-3-5)·10–1 s–1 were carried out. Structure formation was studied by optical microscopy. Macroscopically localized strain of cylindrical specimens depending on temperature, strain rates and initial grain size (400 μm and 1400 μm) are investigated. Localized strain diagrams for different initial grain size can be used for development and optimization of hot processing technology parameters are plotting. It is shown that increase of the grain size direct to strain localization increment tendency.
Численная гомогенизация теплофизических свойств волокнистых композитов
Authors:   Национальный технический университет “Харьковский политехнический институт”, Львов Г. И.
Published: November 2022

Представлена комплексная численная методика, позволяющая с единых позиций и на одном программном обеспечении определять компоненты тензоров теплопроводности и температурного расширения волокнистых композитов. Преимуществом разработанной методики является возможность определения температурных микронапряжений. Такие самоуравновешенные в пределах представительных объемов напряжения возникают даже в равномерно нагретом теле, перемещения которого не ограничиваются внешними связями. Учет микронапряжений важен при детальном анализе механики разрушения композитных материалов.
Точные уравнения и нахождение частот среза при свободных колебаниях пластин из функционально-градиентных материалов
Authors:   Российский университет транспорта (РУТ–МИИТ), Захаров Д. Д.
Published: November 2022

Рассмотрены в явном виде уравнения для нахождения частот среза при свободных колебаниях пластин, чья плотность и упругие модули зависят от поперечной координаты. Проанализированы случаи свободных или жестко защемленных лицевых поверхностей пластины и комбинации подобных условий. Показано, что соответствующие левые части частотных уравнений есть целые функции и представимы степенными рядами как частный случай рядов Пеано, приведены необходимые математические оценки. Показано, что предложенный метод эффективен и все этапы интегрирования легко реализуются современными математическими пакетами программ численных и символьных вычислений. Итоговый новый метод расчета частот среза проверен на численных примерах и в сравнении с результатами метода Вентцеля–Крамера–Бриллюэна, позволяющего находить асимптотики высоких частот.
Оценка работоспособности антифрикционных ПТФЭ-композитов при давлении свыше 60 МПа I. Cравнение твердости и деформационных свойств в условиях свободного и стесненного сжатия
Authors:   Институт механики сплошных сред УрО РАН, Адамов А. А. , Келлер И. Э. , Острер С. Г. , Селетков Д. В. ,   ООО “АльфаТех”,   ООО “Пермский завод фторопластовых изделий”
Published: November 2022

Исследованы механические характеристики некоторых антифрикционных полимерных материалов при комнатной температуре для анализа их работоспособности в подшипниках опорных частей с шаровым сегментом. В опубликованной литературе не выявлено данных, отвечающих специфике работы антифрикционного слоя в подобных конструкциях ― высоким контактным давлениям (не менее 60 МПа) и возвратно­поступательному характеру трения по схеме плоскость по плоскости с полированной нержавеющей сталью в качестве контртела, что мотивировало проведение данного систематического исследования. По единой технологии сухого смешивания, прессования и свободного спекания подготовлено по шесть образцов­таблеток для каждого из 19 видов композитов на основе порошков политетрафторэтилена и различных наполнителей с дисперсностью от единиц до десятков микрометров ― кокса, бронзы, углеволокна, коллоидного и терморасширенного графитов, дисульфида молибдена и их сочетаний. Для всех материалов определены твердость по Бринеллю, доля деформаций с разной реологией в полной деформации, модуль Юнга и напряжение при свободном сжатии, соответствующие деформации 1, 5 и 10%, жесткость при стесненном сжатии, соответствующая напряжению 50, 100 и 150 МПа, и их зависимость от наличия лунки ― пустой или заполненной смазкой. Все испытания выполняли по многоступенчатой программе с циклами нагружения, разгрузки и периодами релаксации и отдыха. Лучшие механические характеристики показали композиты с 50% по массе дендритной или крупнозернистой бронзы с добавлением 5% коллоидного графита, который проявляет себя как сухая смазка и эффективно увеличивает жесткость. Полученные данные совместно с трибологическими характеристиками (планируется опубликовать во второй части) могут служить основой выбора антифрикционных материалов (их рецептур и технологий изготовления) для шарниров мостовых опор.
Релаксационные процессы в нанокомпозитной системе поливиниловый спирт–йод–йодид калия
Authors:   Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки, Институт физической химии и электрохимии им. А. Н. Фрумкина РАН, Абатурова Н. А. , Ломовской В. А. , Галушко Т. Б. , Ломовская Н. Ю.
Published: November 2022

Путем сравнительного анализа спектров внутреннего трения исследован диссипативный α-процесс релаксации в пленках поливинилового спирта (ПВС) и в супрамолекулярной композитной структуре, образующейся при формировании упорядоченных областей в системе ПВС–I2–KI. Показано, что структурные изменения в образцах поливинилового спирта, происходящие при введении йода, вызывают увеличение релаксационной микронеоднородности всей системы в области температур α-процесса релаксации.
Свойства эпоксидных композиций, отвержденных продуктами аминолиза вторичных полиэтилентерефталата и поликарбоната
Authors:   Санкт-Петербургский государственный технологический институт (Технический университет), Аликин М. Б. , Алексеева К. Д. , Панфилов Д. А. , Дворко И. М. , Лавров Н. А.
Published: November 2022

Исследовали эпоксидные композиции, отвержденные олигомерами, полученными реакцией аминолиза из вторичных полиэтилентерефталата (ПЭТ) и поликарбоната (ПК) (бытовые отходы) с полиэтиленполиамином (ПЭПА). Для изучения физико­химических свойств разработанные олигомеры использовали в качестве сшивающих агентов эпоксидно­диановой смолы марки ЭД­20. Проведен анализ изменения вязкости в процессе отверждения термореактивной смолы, определены некоторые кинетические параметры, теплофизические и механические свойства отвержденных материалов, оптимальное содержание отвердителя в композиции. Совокупность данных указывает на целесообразность использования бытовых отходов ПЭТ и ПК для получения олигомеров реакцией аминолиза, их применение в качестве отвердителей позволяет повысить физико­механические свойства конструкционных материалов. Разработанные материалы демонстрируют улучшение свойств по следующим параметрам: упругости, пределу прочности при статическом изгибе и сжатии, твердости по Бринеллю и сдвиговому напряжению.