bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Food Habits of Five Fish Species from A Blackwater Creek in The Colombian Amazon
Authors: Prieto Piraquive Edgar Francisco , Taphorn Donald , Sabogal Alexander , Duque Santiago Roberto , Damaso Yoni Jesús
Published: March 2023

To provide baseline life history information for some of the many small fishes found in blackwater forest streams in the Colombian Amazon near the town of Leticia, we describe trophic aspects of five species of fishes. Collections were made in April (high water), July (falling water) and November (rising water) of 1999. Diverse fishing gear was used, and sampling occurred in the afternoon and night, and usually lasted an average of five hours. We studied stomach contents of four characids: Ctenobrycon hauxwellianus (Cope 1870), Moenkhausia melogramma Eigenmann 1908, Tetragonopterus argenteus Cuvier 1816, Hemigrammus bellottii (Steindachner 1882) and one cichlid: Bujurquina cf. peregrinabunda (Eigenmann 1922). Most are feeding generalists but M. melogramma had a great preference for aquatic invertebrates, and B.  cf. peregrinabunda ate both aquatic invertebrates and fishes.
Potencial agroecológico de la uña de gato en comunidades tikuna de la Amazonia colombiana
Authors: Garzón-Garzón Lina Paola , Franky-Calvo Carlos Eduardo
Published: March 2023

Uncaria guianensis (Aublet) J.F. Gmel y U. tomentosa (Willd. Ex Roemer & Schultes) DC., ambas especies conocidas popularmente como uña de gato, son reconocidas por su uso en la medicina tradicional y por su potencial comercial en la industria farmacéutica. El creciente interés por la comercialización especialmente de U. tomentosa ha llevado a una extracción intensiva principalmente en bosques primarios sin tener en cuenta aspectos de sustentabilidad. A pesar de su importancia en el mercado internacional, son pocas las experiencias que se conocen sobre el manejo agroecológico de estas especies, y en países como Perú y Costa Rica se ha investigado exclusivamente U. tomentosa. A través del análisis participativo del manejo agroecológico de la uña de gato, se encontró que las comunidades tikuna conocen las características morfológicas de las especies, las zonas de crecimiento, la regeneración natural, el control de malezas y los métodos de extracción de la corteza. No obstante, tienen deficiencias técnicas para la implementación de prácticas como el inventario de las especies, la multiplicación del material vegetal, las asociaciones agroforestales y el procesamiento de la corteza. La estructuración de la red de valores permitió identificar tanto los actores sociales como las actividades requeridas para llevar a cabo las iniciativas productivas, las cuales se pueden integrar a las actividades turísticas y artesanales, propias de estas comunidades. Se espera que este estudio aporte información adicional que conduzca al aprovechamiento de las especies de Uncaria, así como a la autonomía y manejo sustentable de las poblaciones indígenas amazónicas.
EVALUATION OF POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS AND β-GLUCAN CONTAINING DIET ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CONDITION FACTOR OF PABDAH CATFISH, OMPOK PABDA (HAMILTON, 1822)
Authors: Hossain Md. Sadam , Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Rahman Mohammad Matiur , Hossain Zakir
Published: March 2023

Nutritionally balanced diet and selection of appropriate species for culturing environment are important criteria in aquaculture. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and β-glucan containing diet (PBG) on growth performance, feed utilization, length-weight relationship, and condition factor of Pabdah catfish, Ompok pabda. In this study, squid extracted phospholipid and mushroom powder were used as the source of PUFAs and β-glucan, respectively, and formulated two isonitrogenous diets such as basal or control (CON) diet and PBG diet with maintaining 30% protein levels. During the study period, similar physicochemical conditions of water such as temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) were 26.5 ± 2 °C, 7.4 ± 0.2, and 6.7 ± 0.5 ppm, respectively were maintained in each cistern. The results showed that final mean body weight, final mean length gain, food conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), food conversion efficiency (%), hepato somatic index (HSI), kidney index (KI), and viscerosomatic index (VSI) were significantly (P<0.01 and P<0.05) higher in fish fed the PBG diet than that of fish fed the CON diet. The coefficient of determination showed a significant relationship (R2 = 0.956) between the length and weight of the treatment group. The length-weight relationship and relative condition factor (K) of Ompok pabda were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the PBG diet. The present study shows that the experimental diet more effective and achieves better growth performance, feed utilization, length-weight relationship, and condition factor of Ompok pabda.
Reproductive characteristics of malabar blood snapper \(\textit{Lutjanus malabaricus}\) (Bloch &Schneider, 1801) in coastal marine zone of Nghe An and Ha Tinh provinces, Vietnam
Authors: Hai Yen Dinh Thi , Lam Hoang Ngoc , Ha Vo Thi , F.V. Lishchenko , Luc Nguyen Van , Thuy Nguyen Thi , Duc Hieu Nguyen Trinh , Tuan Hoang Anh
Published: March 2023

Malabar blood snapper Lutjanus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) inhabits in coastal marine waters of Nghe An and Ha Tinh provinces, Vietnam. An investigation of the reproductive characteristics of Lutjanus malabaricus in the coastal marine waters of Nghe An and Ha Tinh provinces was undertaken between June 2020 and May 2021. The spawning season of L. malabaricus occurred throughout the year, fish were in the ripe or spawning condition in most months; but spawning peaks from late March/April and August. Females matured at a smaller size than males, with total length (TL) at first maturity being 280–330 mm for males and 230–280 mm for females. The sex ratios of 365 individuals were approximately 1/1, and the total ratio G/W was approximately 0.08−5.65% with a mean of 0.32%. The highest GSI mean value in males was 0.77 (stage IV in July) and the lowest mean value 0.03−0.11 was recorded during stages I and II in November and December. Females had the highest mean value of 1.22−1.41 (stage IV in May) and the lowest mean value of 0.07 during stages I and II in January, and 0.20 at stages I and II in October. These show that fish (L. malabaricus) were ripe or spawning from March and August in the studied waters. The first maturity size was 280−330 mm for males and 230–280 mm for females. Absolute fecundity (Fa) ranged from 24.000 to 769.000 (the mean value 112.000) ova per ovaries for L. malabaricus. In the main spawning period, high gonadal index values were found around the time of the last quarter to the first quarter moon for each month from late March or early April to August. It is suggested that L. malabaricus is a lunar-synchronized spanner in the studied waters.
Cloning, expression and rapid purification of recombinant chicken interferon-alpha
Authors: Phuong Thao Phuong Thi , Van Truong Le , Chia Wen Yi , Van Quyen Dong
Published: March 2023

The poultry industry in Vietnam is vulnerable to many viral diseases. Since antibiotics and vaccination provide inadequate protection, it will be beneficial to have alternative immunostimulants to boost non-specific immunity in poultry. Chicken interferon-alpha (ChIFNα) has been described previously with antiviral activity against many pathogens. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clone and express recombinant ChIFNα in Escherichia coli. The ChIFNα gene was successfully cloned into the pET32a(+) vector, then expressed in the E. coli Rosetta strain. Different expression conditions were tested for the best yield of the expressed protein. Results showed that recombinant ChIFNα was expressed in Rosetta E. coli as inclusion bodies with a yield of 30 mg/100 L culture after induction with 0.5 mM IPTG in 4 hours at 37 oC. The recombinant protein was purified using affinity column chromatography under denaturing conditions with the purity > 94%. Western blot analysis indicated that recombinant ChIFNα reacted specifically with its antibody. Further studies will be carried out to characterize the biological activities of recombinant ChIFNα and its application in the poultry industry.
Grafiti en América Latina
Authors:   Instituto de Estudios Internacionales de Universidad de Lodz, Sociedad Polaca de Estudios Latinoamericanos, Kotarski Jędrzej
Published: March 2023

The article concerns the outline of the history of graffiti in Latin America. In the first part the author discusses the general genesis of graffiti and its development in the New World, and in the second part focuses on the example of Brazil. Characterizing a complex phenomenon of graffiti, the author shows its specific character in the metropolitan realities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The morphological analysis (techniques, compositions, divisions) and the analysis of the physiology of functioning (theme, motivation, perception) allow the reader to discover the specific character of graffiti and to understand why Brazil on the South American continent, just like the United States in the world, has become a leading place of the development of a subculture which stands for graffiti. The street painting also in this region is placed between vandalism and art. The Brazilian specific character of graffiti is its expression and meaning of communication, showing serious social-political problems troubling the inhabitants of districts, who have no other opportunities to express their often right, full of rebellion opinions.
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS FORMED BY BLACK MEN IN UNDERGRADUATE ENGINEERING PROGRAMS: AN EXAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES
Authors: Boyd-Sinkler Karis , Cotton Maso H. , Lee Walter C.
Published: March 2023

This qualitative inquiry aimed to explore how interpersonal relationships are shaped by the contexts in which Black men enrolled in undergraduate engineering degree programs are learning. There is ample evidence demonstrating the importance of interpersonal relationships for student success and persistence. However, few researchers have focused on the interpersonal relationships formed by Black men in undergraduate engineering programs. We analyzed 14 semi-structured interviews to examine the interplay between Black men's interpersonal relationships and learning environments. Situated in Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory, we identified three environmental influences: (1) student classification, (2) institutional classification, and (3) national events. Our findings may inform efforts aimed at improving the relational experiences of Black men in undergraduate engineering programs.
Development and evaluation of coal mine waste materials for gainful utilization
Authors: Choudhury Subhasrita , Mishra Manoj Kumar
Published: March 2023

Coal mine overburden and thick inseam parting materials found in the lower Gondwana basin are treated as mine wastes. Unused fly ash from coal-fired plants is another waste material. This investigation focused on using these wastes to develop better composite materials. Composite materials of varying compositions with coal mine wastes from 50 to 90% and fly ash from 10 to 50% with 2–6% cement additives were developed and evaluated. Their physical, chemical and geotechnical properties were determined. Ordinary Portland cement strongly influenced the geotechnical parameters. The fly ash content was optimized for unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio for both mine wastes. Composite materials with 70% overburden, 30% fly ash and 6% cement showed a UCS of 4.01 MPa at 56 days. Composites with 80% inseam parting, 20% fly ash and 6% cement produced 4.90 MPa UCS at 56 days. Linear correlations were observed between fly ash percentage in the two composites and their UCS values. Pearson’s and Spearman’s coefficients produced a high correlation of −0.9 for the composite prepared with parting material. Microstructural analysis showed calcium silicate hydrate gel formation occurring at 28 days. The composites meet the strength criterion for the base and subbase of coal mine haul roads.
Accuracy of GFR Estimating Equations in Patients with Discordances between Creatinine and Cystatin C-Based Estimations
Authors: Fu Edouard L. , Levey Andrew S. , Coresh Josef , Elinder Carl-Gustaf , Rotmans Joris I. , Dekker Friedo W. , Paik Julie M. , Barany Peter , Grams Morgan E. , Inker Lesley A. , Carrero Juan-Jesus
Published: March 2023

Significance Statement

Large discordances between eGFR on the basis of creatinine (eGFRcr) or cystatin C (eGFRcys) are common in clinical practice. However, which GFR estimating equation (eGFRcr, eGFRcys, or eGFRcr-cys) is most accurate in these settings is not known. In this real-world study of 9404 concurrent measurements of creatinine, cystatin C, and iohexol clearance, all three equations performed similarly when eGFRcr and eGFRcys were similar (45% of cases). However, with large discordances (55% of cases), eGFRcr-cys was much more accurate than either alone. These findings were consistent among individuals with cardiovascular disease, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and cancer who have been underrepresented in research cohorts. Thus, when eGFRcr and eGFRcys are largely discordant in clinical practice, eGFRcr-cys is more accurate than eGFRcr or eGFRcys.

Background

Cystatin C is recommended as a confirmatory test to eGFR when more precise estimates are needed for clinical decision making. Although eGFR on the basis of both creatinine and cystatin (eGFRcr-cys) is the most accurate estimate in research studies, it is uncertain whether this is true in real-world settings, particularly when there are large discordances between eGFR based on creatinine (eGFRcr) and that based on cystatin C (eGFRcys)

Methods

We included 6185 adults referred for measured GFR (mGFR) using plasma clearance of iohexol in Stockholm, Sweden, who had 9404 concurrent measurements of creatinine, cystatin C, and iohexol clearance. The performance of eGFRcr, eGFRcys, and eGFRcr-cys was assessed against mGFR with median bias, P
30, and correct classification of GFR categories. We stratified analyses within three categories: eGFRcys at least 20% lower than eGFRcr (eGFRcyseGFRcr).

Results

eGFRcr and eGFRcys were similar in 4226 (45%) samples, and among these samples all three estimating equations performed similarly. By contrast, eGFRcr-cys was much more accurate in cases of discordance. For example, when eGFRcys<eGFRcr (47% of samples), the median biases were 15.0 (overestimation), −8.5 (underestimation), and 0.8 ml/min per 1.73 m2 for eGFRcr, eGFRcys, and eGFRcr-cys, respectively; P
30 was 50%, 73%, and 84%, respectively; and correct classification was 38%, 45%, and 62%, respectively. When eGFRcys>eGFRcr (8% of samples), the median biases were −4.5, 8.4, and 1.4 ml/min per 1.73m2. The findings were consistent among individuals with cardiovascular disease, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and cancer.

Conclusions

When eGFRcr and eGFRcys are highly discordant in clinical practice, eGFRcr-cys is more accurate than either eGFRcr or eGFRcys.
How to Estimate Kidney Growth in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Borrego Utiel Francisco José , Espinosa Hernández Mario
Published: March 2023

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a disease characterized by a progressive kidney growth due to the development of cysts that lead to gradual destruction of the surrounding parenchyma. In the first stage, the estimated GFR will remain stable despite the reduction of the renal parenchyma because of an increase in glomerular hyperfiltration. The total kidney volume (TKV) measured with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is related to the future GFR decline. Thus, TKV has become an early marker to be analyzed in all patients with ADPKD. In addition, in recent years, it has been pointed out that kidney growth rate estimated with a single TKV measurement can be a clear prognostic marker for future glomerular filtration decline. However, there is no consensus on how to measure kidney volume growth in ADPKD, so each author has used different models that, not having the same meaning, have been handled as if they produced similar values. This may lead to erroneous estimates of kidney growth rate with the consequent prognostic error. The Mayo Clinic classification is now the most widely accepted prognostic model in clinical practice to predict patients who will deteriorate faster and to decide what patients should be treated with tolvaptan. However, some aspects of this model have not been discussed in depth. Our aim in this review was to present the models that can be used to estimate kidney volume growth rate in ADPKD, to facilitate their applicability in daily clinical practice.
Examination of the factors affecting the adjustment of the children of divorced families
Authors: ÇİÇEK Ecem , NAZLI Serap
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the complex relationships in the school and family environment that influence the divorce adjustment of children aged 6-11. The framework of the research is the ecological theory put forward by Bronfenbrenner. The research was designed and conducted in a qualitative design and phenomenological design was used to provide a comprehensive understanding of the divorce adjustment experience. Within the scope of the research, the custodial parents, the classroom teachers and the school counselors of the ten children in the focus were interviewed. The findings obtained from the interviews can be classified into five themes: a)family microsystem, b) school microsystem, c) mesosystem d) exosystem and macrosystem. The first theme is divided into four categories: family structure, custodial parent-child relationships, noncustodial parent-child relationships and relationships with root family. The second theme is divided into three categories: the teacher-student relationship, peer relationships, and the school counselor-student relationship. The third theme is divided into two categories: teacher-parent colloboration and school counselor-parent colloboration. The fourth theme is divided into three categories: dynamics of the education, law, and economic systems. The fifth theme is divided into two categories: the societal economic structure and the sociocultural structure. As a result, supporting children's adjustment to divorce necessitates a holistic approach and organized interventions at various levels.
Agregação de fatores de risco cardiovascular como preditor para desfecho negativo em indivíduos acometidos por Covid-19
Authors: Santana Giulia Carolina de Almada Souza , Vargas Mylena Saldanha , Oliveira Lívia Brito , Mendes Andreia Santos , Lordello Gleide Glícia Gama , Gama Glicia Gleide Gonçalves
Published: March 2023

OBJETIVO: Verificar se a agregação de fatores de risco cardiovascular (FRCV) é preditora para desfechos negativos em indivíduos acometidos por COVID-19. MÉTODOS: Estudo epidemiológico com dados secundários sobre COVID-19 em Salvador/Bahia, de março a dezembro de 2020. Houve 10.077 registros obtidos através do banco de dados disponibilizado pelo Centro de Informações Estratégicas de Vigilância em Saúde do município de Salvador. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos indivíduos foi 60,40 anos (dp ± 19,30), a maioria sexo masculino (53,88%), raça/cor parda (71,83%) e cursou ensino médio (43,53%). Diabetes mellitus estava presente em 48,83% das pessoas, cardiopatia crônica em 60,58%, e IMC médio de 34,79 (dp ± 8,48). A maioria das internações (52,79%) evoluiu para admissão em UTI, após 1,20 dias (dp ± 4,03). A média de permanência na UTI foi 8,76 dias (dp ± 11,17). A maioria desses indivíduos evoluiu para a cura (61,88%), porém 37,97% foram à óbito. Na associação dos desfechos 54,83% (p<0,01) das pessoas com cardiopatias e 54,71% (p<0,01) com diabetes ficaram curadas da COVID-19. Dentre os indivíduos que não foram para UTI 85,43% (p<0,01) ficaram curados e 55,90% (p<0,01) dos que foram evoluíram à óbito. Análise descritiva do acúmulo de FRCV não apontou diferenças no desfecho quando se tem um ou mais fatores associados CONCLUSÃO: A presença de um ou mais FRCV não foi preditor para desfecho grave nos indivíduos com COVID-19 no município de Salvador em 2020.
The role of chidamide in the treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: An updated systematic review
Authors: Ridwansyah Hastono , Wijaya Indra , Bashari Muhammad Hasan , Sundawa Kartamihardja Achmad Hussein , Hernowo Bethy Suryawathy
Published: March 2023

B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) is a lymphoid malignancy derived from B-cells that remains difficult to treat. Moreover, relapses and refractory cases are common. Abnormalities in epigenetic mechanisms, such as imbalanced histone acetylation affecting certain genes, contribute to relapses and refractory cases. Chidamide (tucidinostat) is a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor that can reverse this epigenetic imbalance and has been approved for the treatment of T-cell malignancies. However, the use of chidamide for B-NHL remains limited, and the lack of relevant literature exacerbates this limitation. We conducted this review to summarize the anticancer activity of chidamide against B-NHL and its clinical applications to overcome drug resistance. This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, using some keyword combinations from MEDLINE and EBSCO. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were also defined. Of the 131 records retrieved from databases, 16 were included in the review. Nine articles revealed that chidamide limited tumor progression by modifying the tumor microenvironment, stopping the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis and autophagy, and enhancing complement-dependent and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicities.According to seven other studies, administering chidamide in combination with another existing therapeutic regimen may benefit not only patients with relapsed/refractory B-NHL, but also those with newly diagnosed B-NHL. Chidamide plays many important roles in limiting B-NHL progression through epigenetic modifications. Thus, combining chidamide with other anticancer drugs may be more beneficial for patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory B-NHL.
Simulation of Fused Deposition Modeling of Glass Fiber Reinforced ABS Impact Samples: The Effect of Fiber Ratio, Infill Rate, and Infill Pattern on Warpage and Residual Stresses
Authors: ERGENE Berkay , BOLAT Çağın
Published: March 2023

It is known that products made of polymer materials or especially polymer materials with glass fiber and carbon fiber are used in many different areas such as automotive, aerospace, and defense. At this point, studies in the literature have gained momentum due to the combination of fiber-reinforced polymer materials emerging as a result of technological developments and industrial demands, and the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method providing the production of parts in desired sizes and complexity. Residual stresses and distortions occurring in polymer-based composite parts produced with FDM are among the problems that should be minimized. In this study, the influences of fiber ratio (%10, %15, and %20), infill rate (%20, %50, and %80), and infill pattern (line, honeycomb, and triangle) on the residual stresses and warpages generating in impact test specimens produced from glass fiber reinforced ABS filaments by fused deposition modeling were tried to be determined with the Digimat 2021 program. As a result of the findings, it was determined that the distortion values decreased and the thermal residual stress values went up with the increase in fiber ratio and infill rate. In addition, it can be reported that the distortions that bring out as a result of the separation of the produced parts from the production platform are caused by the high deformations condensing at the lower corner points of the parts.
Monitoring of Lead and Some Heavy Metals in Wheat Flour of Corum Province, Turkey: An Air Quality Comparison
Authors: ÖLMEZ Esra , GÖKMEŞE Ebru , ERGUN Ümit , GOKMEŞE Faruk
Published: March 2023

Food security is a priority issue for sustainable global development. Metal uptake by plants could have a significant impact on crop quality in areas of rapid industrialization with high fallout of airborne particles. In this study, concentrations of some heavy metals (copper, Cu; zinc, Zn; and lead, Pb) in flour samples supplied in Çorum, defined as one of the “New Industry Focus”, were investigated using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) to determine the heavy metal contamination. The results showed that the concentration of Pb in all samples examined exceeded the maximum permissible limit. To monitor the increase in Pb concentration and its relationship with air pollution, a two-year laboratory experiment was conducted. It was found that the increase in Pb concentration of about 47% and 77% for two flour samples was consistent with the increase in annual average particulate matter with diameter 10 micrometers PM10 concentrations (55% and 82%) obtained from two stations.
Influence of Past Climate Changes on the Current Distribution of a Rare and Endemic Species: Anatolian Spiny Mouse
Authors: HELVACI Zeycan
Published: March 2023

This research focuses on species distribution modelling (SDM) to have an idea of distribution of Anatolian spiny mouse, Acomys cilicicus in the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the mid-Holocene and present by using coordinates along Silifke which is the only location the species found. Three ensembled species distribution models (generalized additive mod-els, maximum entropy and boosted regression trees) were used to project Anatolian spiny mouse environmental suitability. Results indicate that current distribution of A. cilicicus populations shifted east to west since during the Last Glacial Maximum and apparently eastern part of the Mediterranean region of Turkey is potential refugia for this species.
Strengthened primary health care for universal health coverage through improved community diagnosis and management of pneumonia in Zimbabwe
Authors: Portia Manangazira , Itai Rusike , Mandy Mathias , Tjedu Moyo , Moreblessing Chibaya , Joshua Panashe Rusike
Published: March 2023

Pneumonia is the world’s leading infectious killer, claiming the lives of an estimated 2.5 million including more than 670,000 children under five years and 1.2 million adults in 2019 alone. Caused largely by viruses, and bacteria, COVID-19 also increased the pneumonia burden, while environmental factors, poor hygiene, sanitation and underlying conditions including malnutrition predispose. The latter translates into a considerable pneumonia burden that is preventable, provided the requisite provisions are made for community-level protection such as environmental management, water, sanitation and hygiene; and key persons are informed and educated on preventive and therapeutic measures, especially what to look for and what to do at home while seeking medical attention. Irked by the high numbers of under-five deaths against a background of limited case management caused by the system-wide collapse of the health services in the country, we sought to utilize the opportunity offered by world pneumonia day 2022 to go down to the community and elicit both the disease burden and strategies to address pneumonia that can be applied within the home and community. We also wanted to hear from the community their experiences with and functionality of the referral system. This paper presents the findings, challenges and suggestions for improving primary healthcare implementation to address the current high morbidity and mortality attributable to pneumonia. We found the Goromonzi community to be literate in many health issues but need more information and training to better manage pneumonia. They were knowledgeable about pneumonia, tuberculosis, and the recent COVID-19 through their interactions with the local clinic staff, the media, and interpersonal communication. Some were members of the health center committee or were village health workers or local leaders. We had limitations of resources and time for a detailed study, but conclude that the community visited had a sound understanding of health, primary health care and pneumonia, but lacked the comprehensive education and support to effectively manage pneumonia at home. More work needs to be done to quantify the pneumonia burden, the contribution of each intervention, (environment, vaccination, exclusive breastfeeding, safe water, sanitation, hand hygiene, reduced smoke and case management) the benefit of home and community management alongside an effective referral chain.
Schistosoma mansoni cercariae transformation (without needle) v1
Authors: K Buddenborg Sarah
Published: March 2023

Free-living aquatic S. mansoni cercariae transform into the first intramammalian stage, called schistosomula or somules, by burrowing in the host skin. Upon contact, cercariae begin to enter the skin and lose their tails, becoming schistosomula. Somules migrate through the epidermis to the dermis to find a small venule or lymphatic vessel to enter the vasculature. Transformation of cercariae to schistosomula can be mimicked in the laboratory by centrifuging cercariae to remove tails and then culturing the somules in somule media. This method is particularly useful when the number of cercariae is low (i.e. clonal cercariae from an individual snail). Somules can be cultured for several weeks with regular media changes.
Validation into Spanish of a Scale to Detect the Post-intensive Care Syndrome
Authors: Narváez Martínez Mario Andrés , Henao Castaño Ángela María
Published: March 2023

Objective. This work sought to validate the Spanish version of the scale Healthy Aging Brain-Care Monitor (HABC-M) scale as clinical tool to detect the Post-intensive Care Syndrome.

Methods. Psychometric study, conducted in adult intensive care units from two high-complexity university hospitals in Colombia. The sample was integrated by 135 survivors of critical diseases with mean age of 55 years. The translation of the HABC-M was carried out through transcultural adaptation, evaluating content, face, and construct validity and determining the scale’s reliability.

Results. A replica was obtained of the HABC-M scale in its version into Spanish, semantically and conceptually equivalent to the original version. The construct was determined through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), evidencing a three-factor model comprised of the subscales: cognitive (6 items), functional (11 items), and psychological (10 items), with a confirmatory factor index (CFI) of 0.99, a Tucker Lewis index (TLI) of 0.98, and an approximate root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.073 (90% CI: 0.063 – 0.084). Internal consistency was determined through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, obtaining 0.94, (95% CI 0.93 – 0.96).

Conclusion. The Spanish of the HABC-M scale is a tool with adequate psychometric properties, validated and reliable to detect the Post-intensive Care Syndrome.
Client Violence Towards Social Workers in Spain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Vidal- Martí Cristina
Published: March 2023

Violence in the workplace has important consequences for workers and their own environment. Health and social services professionals are high-risk professional groups. This research has a main aim to identify the studies on client violence towards the social worker in Spain. This aim has four specific objectives to understand the phenomenon: (1) to identify those investigations that study the violence of clients against social workers; (2) to analyze the descriptive characteristics of the selected studies; (3) to analyze the methodological characteristics of the selected studies; (4) to identify the variables associated to client violence towards the social worker. In order to achieve these objectives, the method was based on a review of the literature on studies of violence towards social workers in Spain through the PRISMA-S guidelines (Rethlefsen et al., 2021). The results show that this phenomenon effectively exists, and cast a light on a situation that social workers experience in isolation. Exploring the phenomenon in a descriptive way, the review provides information on the variables studied and the current extent of violence towards social workers by clients. The lack of studies on this subject underlines the need to continue researching into the problem from both descriptive and inferential perspectives.
Prospects of etiopathogenetic treatment of Huntington’s disease
Authors: Kondakova O. B. , Demyanov S. V. , Krasivskaya A. V. , Demyanov G. V. , Grebenkin D. I. , Davydova Yu. I. , Lyalina A. A. , Radkevich E. R. , Savostyanov K. V.
Published: March 2023

Huntington’s disease is a serious inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by of motor, cognitive and psychiatric features. The disease is caused by an abnormally expanded CAG repeat expansion in the HTT gene and the production of mutant huntingtin protein.

The disease usually manifests in adulthood, but the manifestation in childhood and youth is also described, which is noted in 5–10 % of cases. The disease predominantly affects the neostriatum, resulting in a characteristic clinical picture.

The most promising approaches to etiotropic therapy of Huntington’s disease are a number of DNA- (CRISPR/Cas9 system) and RNA-directed methods (antisense oligonucleotides, RNA interference), methods that directly reduce the level of mutant gentingtin (chimera molecules), as well as approaches based on inactivating the DNA mismatch repair system using the FAN1 enzyme.
The influence of verbal encouragement on corporal stability during the traditional frontal plank exercise in young health adults: a pilot study
Authors: Costella Taís , Tamiris Beppler Martins  , Állan Goulart Medina  , Mayane dos Santos Amorim Botti  , Patrícia Parizotto  , Maria Elisa Duarte França  , Gilmar Moraes Santos
Published: March 2023

Background: It’s known that the frontal plank exercise presents a greater demand of the biomechanics stability and it is largely prescribed and used during the practice by the health professionals, known the verbal encouragement influence on corporal stability through the professional feedback can contribute positively in the clinical, social and scientific field. Objectives: Verify the verbal encouragement influences on corporal stability during the traditional frontal plank exercise in young health adults. Methods: Subjects were selected in an intentional non-probabilistic way, constituting a sample of young male adults, with normal body mass index, moderate to advanced self-reported physical activity level and with, at least, six months of previous resistance training experience. Participants were instructed to perform the traditional frontal plank for 30 seconds keeping all the items in the description of the technique, no command was given besides the following verbal incentives: “Contract, stabilize, force, maintain and force”. After the execution, the professional self-reported his perception of body stability, writing down his answers on the control form. Results: The sample consisted of 10 participants, with a mean age of 30.6 years (±4.03). All male, white and with no history of trauma/injury. For individuals with less than one time of weekly physical exercise, verbal encouragement showed a positive response in the perception of body stability. As for the remainder, who practiced physical exercise with greater recurrence, the evaluator's perception of high stability was given both with and without verbal encouragement. Conclusion: This pilot study showed that in individuals with less time of weekly physical exercise, verbal encouragement showed a positive response in body stability, changing from moderate to high. But, the individuals with more time of practice, the verbal encouragement showed no response in the perception of body stability.
Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of necrosis of a pulled-through colon segment after abdomino-anal resection of the rectum for cancer
Authors: Myalina Sofiya A. , Paziuk Ksenia I. , Berezovskaya Tatiana P. , Nevolskikh Alexey A. , Potapov Aleksandr L. , Ivanov Sergey A.
Published: March 2023

This study presents a case of necrosis of the pulled-through colon after abdomino-anal resection of the rectum, which was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging.
A 47-year-old man underwent laparoscopically assisted abdomino-anal resection of the rectum with reconstruction of a coloplasty pouch and transverse colostomy in the course of combination treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. The postoperative period was complicated by the development of an inflammatory response syndrome. On postoperative day 3, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed swelling of the 15-cm segment of pulled-through colon up to the coloanal anastomosis with sharply attenuated contrast enhancement, whereas rectoscopy showed no changes. On postoperative day 6, a magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed a defect in the anterior wall of the coloplasty pouch with a parietal aerocele, and rectoscopy showed signs of necrosis of the bowel wall. On postoperative day 10, the magnetic resonance imaging scan presented no changes. Because of increasing signs of inflammation, relaparotomy with anastomosis disconnection and resection of the necrotized bowel segment were performed.
Ischemia of the pulled-through colon after rectal surgery is a rare but serious complication. Our clinical case report demonstrates the potential of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging as a non-invasive method in case follow-up in patients with a complicated postoperative period for early diagnosis of ischemia and bowel wall defects, which helps to make the appropriate patient management plan.
Effects of rotating electric fields on liver biopolymers: an experimental study
Authors: Vorontsova Tatyana S. , Vasileva Natalia  N. , Butolin Evgeny  G. , Ivanov Vadim  G. , Isakova Larisa  S.
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND: According to the classic works of H. Selye, a variety of factors can impact humans and trigger a complex bodily response known as a stress reaction. This can lead to an imbalance in the body's regulatory physiological systems.
AIM: To investigate the effects of a technogenic rotating electric field (REF) on the levels of carbohydrate-containing liver biopolymers in experimental animals.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 54 rats were used in the experiment. The levels of sialic acids, mucoproteins, fucose, and -L-fucosidase were measured in the liver homogenate before the study, on the 10th and 20th day of the experiment. To ensure accurate results, the rats were first diagnosed using the open field method to determine their stress resistance levels. Based on the results, the rats were then divided into three groups: stress-resistant, stress-unstable, and ambivalent.
RESULTS: By the 10th day of REF exposure, an increase in all the studied parameters in the liver homogenate in rats was observed indicating catabolic processes. Sialic acids concentration in stress-resistant, unstable and ambivalent rats increased by 14% (p=0.024), 29% (p=0.020) and 26% (p=0.021), respectively. Corresponding elevations of fucose concentration were 24% (p=0.019), 27% (p=0.019), 31% (p=0.019) while the activity of -L-fucosidase increased by 55% (p=0.024), in 63% (p=0.024) and 55% (p=0.011) in the abovementioned categories of rates. Mucoproteins concentrations increased by 58% (p=0.011) in stress-resistant, 76% (p=0.011) in stress-unstable and 65% (p=0.021) in stress-ambivalent rats. By the 20th day of the experiment, decomposition of carbohydrate-containing biopolymers slowed in all groups. When compared with the 10th day 10, sialic acids concentration decreased in stress resistant, unstable and ambivalent rats by 12% (p=0.041), 17% (p=0.021) and 20% (p=0.011), respectively. Corresponding decrease in of mucoproteins was 26% (p=0.011), 33% (p=0.024), and 32% (p=0.024). Fucose concentration increased by 34% (p=0.024) in stress-resistant, by 22% (p=0.024) in stress-unstable and by 28% (p=0.010) in stress-ambivalent rats. Correspondingly, -L-fucosidase activity increased by 15% (p=0.021), 46% (p=0.02) and 31% (p=0.011).
CONCLUSION: The study's findings indicate that technogenic REF can alter the levels of carbohydrate-containing biopolymers in animal livers, leading to the activation of catabolic processes. The group of stress-unstable individuals exhibited the most significant catabolic processes. Our results may have implications for occupations exposures to REF.
COVID-19 vaccination readiness among Russian-speaking residents in Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan in 2020–2022: a scoping review
Authors: Radionov Dmitriy  S. , Sorokin Mikhail Yu. , Karavaeva Tatiana  A. , Lutova Natalia  B.
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the mental health and overall well-being of people worldwide. Vaccination is a crucial component in preventing the spread of COVID-19. However, despite the high risks associated with COVID-19, there is widespread disapproval and hostility towards vaccination and restrictive measures aimed at stopping the infection process. The spread of misinformation about vaccines, which has a long history as far back as the 18th and 19th centuries, increases distrust of immunization. This distrust is based on different beliefs about the origins of health and disease accepted in society. Vaccine skepticism is considered a global threat to public health and the achievement of population immunity against infections. Therefore, collection of data on attitudes towards vaccination within the largest possible number of social subgroups is warranted.
AIM: To perform a systematic search and qualitative synthesis of scientific information on COVID-19 vaccination readiness among Russian-speaking residents in Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan as well as associated factors.
METHODS: A scoping review was conducted to examine scientific articles published in Russian from January 1, 2020, to February 28, 2022, that reported on the attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination among Russian-speaking residents of Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan. In total, there were more than 12,000 respondents in the selected papers that described the factors influencing the preparedness for COVID-19 immunization. The proportions of respondents who agreed, disagreed, and doubted the implementation of vaccination were recorded and used to calculate median values without taking into account the weights of each individual study.
RESULTS: Compared to many other countries, the Russian-speaking residents in Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan has demonstrated a reluctance to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, with 30% expressing unwillingness and only 47% indicating readiness for vaccination.
CONCLUSION: The use of theoretical models for describing health-related behavior is warranted to improve the quality and information content of Russian biomedical and socio-psychological research. This approach can aid in the development of effective interventions and preventive strategies for vaccine-preventable diseases.
The role of WNT and HOXA signaling cascades in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis
Authors: Malysheva Olga V. , Beganova Alexandra K. , Vashukova Elena S. , Shalina Maria A. , Yarmolinskaya Maria I. , Glotov Andrey S.
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND: Adenomyosis is a common gynecological disease with unknown pathogenesis. The HOXA10, HOXA11 and WNT4 genes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis both at the stage of embryonic development and in the postnatal period. The study of their expression in the endometrium of patients with adenomyosis can expand the understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease.
AIM: The aim of this work was to study the peculiarity of the WNT4, HOXA10 and HOXA11 gene expression in the eutopic endometrium of patients with isolated adenomyosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 38 women: the main group involved patients with isolated adenomyosis established by ultrasound / magnetic resonance imaging (n = 20) and the control group consisted of healthy patients (n = 18). Endometrial sampling was obtained during surgery or by aspiration biopsy at 512 day of the menstrual cycle (proliferative phase) or 2024 day of the menstrual cycle (secretory phase). The expression of the WNT4, HOXA10 and HOXA11 genes in endometrial samples was assessed by a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS: In the proliferative phase endometrial samples of patients with adenomyosis, a significant increase in the WNT4 (of almost two times), HOXA10 and HOXA11 (of one and a half to two times) gene expression levels was shown compared to the control group. In 88% of patients with adenomyosis, there is a significant increase (up to the level of fourth quartile) in the expression of at least one of these genes, such changes being not typical for the endometrium of women in the control group. In the secretory phase endometrial samples, the expression of the studied genes did not differ from the level characteristic of the corresponding groups in the proliferative phase of the cycle.
CONCLUSIONS: The aberrant expression of the WNT4, HOXA10 and HOXA11 genes in the endometrium of patients with adenomyosis indicates a significant role of these genes in the development of the disease and infertility associated with adenomyosis.
LRIG1 levels in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: KARABULUT UZUNÇAKMAK Sevgi , ŞAHİN Abdulkadir , TAVACI ÖZÇELİK Ayşegül , HALICI Zekai
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Nasal polyps (NPs), usually occurring together with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), are benign masses of mucosal origin arising from inflammation. The transmembrane protein known as leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (Lrig1) is a member of the Lrig family. Lrig1 is frequently expressed in the respiratory tract and epithelial tissues and can inhibit several signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to determine Lrig1 levels in NP tissues of patients with CRS.
Material and Methods: This study included 36 patients with CRS and NPs and 15 patients who underwent rhinoplasty as the control group. The Lrig1 levels of all participants were measured by the ELISA method.
Results: This study revealed that Lrig1 levels were significantly lower in NP tissues than in tissues of the control group. The mean level of Lrig1 of the NP tissues was 22.2 ng/ml, while the mean level of the control group was 28.5 ng/ml. According to the results of ROC analysis, Lrig1 levels have the power to distinguish polyp tissues from control tissues (AUC=0.794). Lrig1 levels were higher in tissues with scores of 4-8 than in tissues with scores of 16-20 based on the results of computed tomography scoring. According to endoscopic evaluations, Lrig1 levels of tissues with scores of 5-8 or 9-11 were relatively lower than those of tissues with scores of 2-4.
Conclusion: Lrig1 levels were found to be decreased in NP tissues. Thus, Lrig1 may be used to confirm the presence of NPs. Lrig1 may also be helpful in NP grading. Increasing the Lrig1 levels in cases of NPs has the potential to become a targetable treatment modality.
”Theirs was not to make reply, Theirs was not to reason why.”
Authors: Hoogland Margaret
Published: March 2023

Background: In 1974, the United States passed the Research Act, which required creating and implementing guidelines for conducting research on humans and animals. In 1978, universities and hospitals created Institutional Review Boards for reviewing and approving research protocols in the United States.
 
Objectives: This article will define and explain the components of a research protocol, research team member roles and responsibilities, pre-protocol submission training requirements, and provide suggestions for improving how researchers obtain research approval.
 
Lessons Learned: The author failed to provide all the required information before collecting Informed Consent to prospective participants for four different study protocols.
 
Conclusions: Obtaining research approval is necessary for most study designs. It is a complex and frequently tedious process, but obtaining approval gives research studies greater credibility.