bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Through the looking glass: envisioning new library technologies” AI and the information interface
Authors: Fernandez Peter
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This study aims to inform and guide information professionals in thinking clearly about the challenges and opportunities this technology may create.

Design/methodology/approach

This column uses the Web browser Arc as a focal point for exploring elements that seem key to understanding how artificial intelligence (AI) may change our relationship with information. Large language model’s were used to help draft or rewrite sentences. That text was then reviewed or revised by the author.

Findings

The following elements are key to understanding the potential of informational interface software like Arc. The ability to abstract information from the original content. The ability to produce multimedia compelling user experiences. The ability to “read” multimodal forms of information and take action based on that “understanding”. This may impact the value exchange between the user and the underlying information, with implications for libraries.

Research limitations/implications

Everything about AI the future of AI or any technology is speculative.

Practical implications

Libraries that wish to continue to be part of adding value to how users interact with information need to pay attention and find ways to adapt.

Originality/value

As new paradigms are created to ensure information exchange is sustainable for everyone, there may be opportunities for libraries. And even if not, libraries may leverage their expertise or relationships to build something that could not be imagined without them. Yet these are only possible if libraries engage.
Organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior: exploring the mediating role of psychological well-being at work
Authors: Changaranchola Mohamed Nisfar , Samantara Rabinarayan
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The present research paper aims to examine the inter-relationship between organizational justice (Henceforth termed as OJ), psychological well-being at work (henceforth termed as PWBW) and organizational citizenship behavior (henceforth termed as OCB). More specifically, this paper attempts to critically analyze the mediating role of PWBW in the relationship between OJ and OCB. The study solely focuses on nurses working at private hospitals in Kerala, who are the largest group of healthcare personnel.

Design/methodology/approach

Data collected from 308 nursing employees were analyzed by using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) software.

Findings

The outcomes of the analysis demonstrate that significant correlations exist between all the three key variables and their dimensions. Moreover, it has been found that the relationship between OJ and OCB is partially mediated by PWBW.

Research limitations/implications

In the present healthcare scenario, just after the Covid-19 pandemic, there is a paramount need for the well-being of healthcare staff in order to improve the functioning of the healthcare system.

Originality/value

The study enabled us to develop and provide an explanation as to how social exchange relationship works between OJ and OCB.
The data sharing conundrum: revisiting established theory in the age of digital transformation
Authors: Culot Giovanna , Orzes Guido , Sartor Marco , Nassimbeni Guido
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This study aims to analyze the factors that drive or prevent interorganizational data sharing in the context of digital transformation (DT). Data sharing appears as a precondition for companies to capture emerging opportunities in supply chain management and for product-related servitization; however, there are ongoing concerns, and data are often perceived as the “new oil.” It is thus important to gain a better understanding of the determinants of firms’ decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors develop an embedded case study analysis involving 16 firms within an extended supply network in the automotive industry. The authors focus on the peculiarities of the new context, as opposed to elements highlighted by research prior to the advent of the latest technologies. Abductive reasoning is applied to the theoretical foundations of the resource-based view, resource dependence theory and the complex adaptive systems perspective.

Findings

Data sharing is largely underpinned by factors identified prior to DT, such as data specificity, dependence dynamics and protection mechanisms and the dynamism of the business context. DT, however, can influence the extent of data sharing. New factors concern complementarities whenever data are pooled from different sources and digital platforms, as well as different forms of data ownership protection.

Originality/value

This study stresses that data sharing in the context of DT can be explained through established theoretical lenses, providing the integration of elements accounting for new technological opportunities.
What and how to train for strategic crisis management: A systematic literature review
Authors: Sætren Gunhild B. , Vaag Jonas R. , Lund Mass S.
Published: April 2024

This article provides a systematic literature review of existing strategic crisis management training research. The review explores practices on which strategic crisis management skills to prioritize and how to train these skills to be prepared when a crisis strikes. Our research question was: How is strategic crisis management trained, and is there a best practice? In all, we identified 538 articles from 3 databases and read the abstracts. From this, we selected 41 articles based on the defined inclusion criteria and read them as a whole. In the end, eight articles were a part of this analysis. A thematic analysis based on the categorization of repetitions of concepts was used to analyse the data. The analysis resulted in two main categories: what to train, which focuses on the outcome and skills, and how to train, which focuses on the process and pedagogy. The outcome (what to train) categories were (1) related to working together, (2) related to understanding the situation, (3) related to making adequate decisions in complex contexts, and (4) related to practicalities. The process (how to train) categories were (1) training methods and (2) learning theories. A model considering three main strategic crisis management training approaches, outcome‐focused training, process‐focused training, and learning‐focused training, was developed. The latter was concluded to be the desired option, as it is a balanced approach of both outcome and process focus.
Acellular fish skin grafts in the treatment of diabetic wounds: Advantages and clinical translation
Authors: Zhao Chenyu , Feng Mengyi , Gluchman Martin , Ma Xianghe , Li Jinhao , Wang Hui
Published: April 2024

Diabetic wounds cannot undergo normal wound healing due to changes in the concentration of hyperglycemia in the body and soon evolve into chronic wounds causing amputation or even death of patients. Diabetic wounds directly affect the quality of patients and social medical management; thus researchers started to focus on skin transplantation technology. The acellular fish skin grafts (AFSGs) are derived from wild fish, which avoids the influence of human immune function and the spread of the virus through low‐cost decellularization. AFSGs contain a large amount of collagen and omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and they have an amazing effect on wound regeneration. However, after our search in major databases, we found that there were few research trials in this field, and only one was clinically approved. Therefore, we summarized the advantages of AFSGs and listed the problems faced in clinical use. The purpose of this paper is to enable researchers to better carry out original experiments at various stages.

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Micro‐computed tomography analysis of shaping ability of nickel–titanium instruments activated by continuous rotation or adaptive motion
Authors: Ürgüplüoğlu Sevde Nur , Akıncı Levent , Şimşek Neslihan
Published: April 2024

This study assessed the ability of Twisted File Adaptive (TFA), TruNatomy (TRN) and VDW.Rotate (VR) instruments activated by continuous rotation (CR) and adaptive motion (AM) to shape curved root canals. Thirty mandibular molars with two separate mesial canals 20°–40° curved were collected and scanned using micro‐computed tomography (μCT). The canals were then randomly assigned into six groups (n = 10): TRN, VR or TFA instruments activated by CR or AM. TRN groups 17.02, 20.04 and 26.04; VR groups 15.04, 20.05 and 25.06; TFA groups were shaped consecutively using 15K‐file, 20.04 and 25.06. After they were shaped, the canals were scanned again. The volume of removed dentin, canal transportation and centring ratio were calculated μCT images. All data were analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis test or one‐way analysis of variance (p < 0.05). With both kinematics, the TRN instrument removed the least amount of dentin, the VR‐CR and the TFA‐AM removed the most (p < 0.05). The transportation and centring ratios among all groups were similar (p > 0.05). The volume of dentin removed, the diameter or design features of the instruments and different kinematics did not affect the centring ratio and the amount of transportation and remained within safe limits. All three instruments activated by either kinematics were found to have similar effectiveness in shaping curved root canals.
Long‐term clinical outcomes in steatotic liver disease and incidence of liver‐related events, cardiovascular events and all‐cause mortality
Authors: Tamaki Nobuharu , Kimura Takefumi , Wakabayashi Shun‐Ichi , Umemura Takeji , Kurosaki Masayuki , Loomba Rohit , Izumi Namiki
Published: April 2024

Background

A multi‐society consensus group proposed a new nomenclature for steatotic liver disease (SLD) including metabolic‐dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), MASLD and increased alcohol intake (MetALD) and alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD). However, the risk of liver‐related events, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all‐cause mortality among various sub‐groups is unknown.

Aims

To evaluate the risk of liver‐related events, MACE and death among patients with SLD.

Methods

We conducted a nationwide, population‐based study and enrolled 761,400 patients diagnosed with MASLD, MetALD or ALD. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of liver‐related events, MACE and death in patients with MASLD, MetALD and ALD.

Results

The cumulative incidence of liver‐related events and death were highest in ALD, followed by MetALD and MASLD (p < 0.001 for both liver‐related events and death), while the incidence of MACE was highest in MASLD, followed by MetALD and ALD (p < 0.001). Using MASLD as the reference and adjusting for age, sex, smoking, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and hypertension, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for liver‐related events, MACE and death in MetALD were 1.42 (1.1–1.8), 0.68 (0.63–0.73) and 1.13 (0.98–1.3), respectively. In ALD, they were 3.42 (2.6–4.6), 0.58 (0.49–0.67) and 1.60 (1.3–2.0), respectively, for liver‐related events, MACE and death.

Conclusions

The new consensus nomenclature can be used to stratify the risk of complications and prognosis. The nomenclature is beneficial for risk stratification and identifying new mechanisms for disease‐specific therapeutic implications.
Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adult T‐lymphoblastic lymphoma: A real‐world multicentre analysis in China
Authors: Huo Wenxuan , Gao Lu , Song Kaidi , Huang Jiayu , Wang Na , Cao Leqing , Liu Yang , Wang Fengrong , Li Chuan , Zhu Xiaoyu , Wu Xiaojin , Cao Yang , Mo Xiaodong , Hu Xiaoxia
Published: April 2024

In this multicentre, real‐world study, we aimed to identify the clinical outcomes and safety of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) in T‐lymphoblastic lymphoma (T‐LBL). A total of 130 Ann Arbor stage III or IV T‐LBL patients (>16 years) treated with allo‐HSCT across five transplant centres were enrolled. The 2‐year cumulative incidence of disease progression, the probabilities of progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and non‐relapse mortality (NRM) after allo‐HSCT were 21.0%, 69.8%, 79.5% and 9.2% respectively. Patients with central nervous system (CNS) involvement had a higher cumulative incidence of disease progression compared with those without CNS involvement (57.1% vs. 18.9%, HR 3.78, p = 0.014). Patients receiving allo‐HSCT in non‐remission (NR) had a poorer PFS compared with those receiving allo‐HSCT in complete remission (CR) or partial remission (49.2% vs. 72.7%, HR 2.21, p = 0.041). Particularly for patients with bone marrow involvement and achieving CR before allo‐HSCT, measurable residual disease (MRD) positivity before allo‐HSCT was associated with a poorer PFS compared with MRD negativity (62.7% vs. 86.8%, HR 1.94, p = 0.036). On multivariate analysis, CNS involvement at diagnosis and receiving allo‐HSCT in NR were associated with disease progression. Thus, our real‐world data suggested that allo‐HSCT appeared to be an effective therapy for adult T‐LBL patients with Ann Arbor stage III or IV disease.
A dynamic view of strategic innovation for sustainability: A longitudinal case study of a luxury fashion engineering company
Authors: Franzè Claudia , Paolucci Emilio , Ravetti Chiara
Published: April 2024

In this article, we study how a luxury fashion engineering company strategically introduced sustainability‐oriented innovations (SOIs) over time through an in‐depth longitudinal analysis of a leading Italian business‐to‐business (B2B) firm. We apply a strategic management perspective to this first‐tier engineering manufacturer to bring new insights into how upstream firms deploy SOIs and to what effect, thus determining long‐term technological choices in the industry. We observe that such innovations evolved dynamically from the process dimension to the supply chain and, lastly, to the product dimension, thereby spanning explorational, procedural and communicational practices. We find that the company sustained significant growth over a decade while implementing its sustainability transition, thanks to three elements: a broad and wide‐ranging experimentation in all areas of the company, a continuous dynamic process of learning‐by‐doing and a commitment of the top management to prioritize new sustainable practices. The propositions developed from this case study can inform future strategic analysis and management of SOIs in other firms/industrial sectors.
Free, full‐day programming for four‐year‐old children in Nova Scotia and women's labour market outcomes
Authors: Thomas Jasmin
Published: April 2024

Despite significant changes in gender norms over the 20th century and a substantial increase in women's labour force participation, women continue to provide the majority of unpaid child care. This poses a barrier to further improvements in women's labour force participation, especially when child care is limited, inaccessible or unaffordable. This paper explores the impact of substantial increases in child care accessibility and affordability on women's labour market outcomes by exploiting the rollout of free, full‐day programming for four‐year‐old children in Nova Scotia from 2017/18 to 2020/21 using a staggered difference‐in‐differences approach. The program led to a 21 percentage‐point increase in the labour force participation of mothers with four‐year‐old children in Nova Scotia, via increased employment. Unsurprisingly, these impacts are significantly larger for women whose youngest child is four years old.
Usmani‐Riazuddin syndrome can have a recognizable phenotype: Report of a novel AP1G1 variant
Authors: Gnazzo Maria , Pascolini Giulia , Parlapiano Giovanni , Petrizzelli Francesco , Perrino Daniele , Porco Luigina , Bartuli Andrea , Novelli Antonio , Baban Anwar
Published: April 2024

Usmani‐Riazuddin syndrome (USRISR, MIM# 619548; USRISD, MIM#619467) is a very rare genetic condition. recently associated with deleterious variants in AP1G1 (MIM* 603533). It is characterized by multisystemic involvement including intellectual disability, speech and developmental delay, behavioral anomalies, muscular tone disorders, seizures, limb defects, and unspecified facial gestalt. In this report, we describe this syndrome for the second time, in association to a novel AP1G1 variant identified in a toddler with multisystemic involvement including intellectual disability, speech and developmental delay, behavioral anomalies, arrhythmias, hearing loss, skin changes, and limb defects. Next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis through clinical exome disclosed AP1G1: c.1969C>G (p.Leu657Val), de novo, likely pathogenic variant, according to ACMG classification criteria. Proband's facial features resembled the spectrum of chromatinopathies. Clinical pictures were analyzed and a clinical overlap was supported by DeepGestalt analysis (www.face2gene.com). The system identified 6 chromatin disorders out of 30 possible diagnoses. The remaining 24 included 9 miscellaneous cryptic chromosomal abnormalities (excluded due to normal microarray study). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of likely distinctive facial features in a patient with Usmani‐Riazuddin syndrome. Further multicentric analyses are needed for a better definition of this aspect.
Studying of anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects of tectorigenin in ovalbumin‐induced asthma mice models
Authors: Guo Jingning , Shi Yanping , Wang Yujun , Athari Seyyed Shamsadin , Chen Tao
Published: April 2024

Background

Allergic asthma is an important respiratory system problem characterized by airway inflammation, breathlessness, and bronchoconstriction. Allergic asthma and its outcomes are triggered by type 2 allergic immune responses. Tectorigenin is a methoxy‐isoflavone with anti‐inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of tectorigenin on the pathophysiology of allergic asthma in an animal model.

Methods

Asthmatic mice were treated with tectorigenin. Then airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), eosinophil percentage, levels of interleukin (IL)‐33, IL‐25, IL‐13, IL‐5, IL‐4, total and ovalbumin (OVA)‐specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E, and lung histopathology were evaluated.

Result

Tectorigenin significantly (P 〈 0.05) reduced eosinophil infiltration (41 ± 7%) in the broncho‐alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), serum IL‐5 level (41 ± 5, pg/mL), and bronchial and vascular inflammation (scores of 1.3 ± 0.2 and 1.1 ± 0.3, respectively) but had no significant effects on AHR, serum levels of IL‐33, −25, −13, and −4 (403 ± 24, 56 ± 7, 154 ± 11, and 89 ± 6 pg/mL, respectively), total and OVA‐specific IgE (2684 ± 265 and 264 ± 19 ng/mL, respectively), goblet cell hyperplasia, and mucus production.

Conclusion

Tectorigenin could control inflammation and the secretion of inflammatory mediators of asthma, so it can be regarded as a potential antiasthma treatment with the ability to control eosinophilia‐related problems.
Subungual melanoma with cartilaginous differentiation: Molecular insights
Authors: Shaikh Umayr , Shah Payal , Jones Victoria , Ramos‐Rodriguez Alvaro J. , Sriharan Aravindhan , Loo Eric , Khan Wahab A. , Simmons Brian , Cloutier Jeffrey M.
Published: April 2024

Melanoma's rare capacity to undergo heterologous differentiation can create significant diagnostic challenges. The molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not well understood. We present an unusual case of subungual melanoma exhibiting extensive cartilaginous differentiation and provide insights into its molecular and cytogenomic features. Histopathologically, the tumor was predominantly composed of nodules of malignant cartilage in association with a smaller population of nested epithelioid to rhabdoid cells. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells in both components were positive for S100, SOX10, and PRAME, and were negative for Melan‐A and HMB‐45. Molecular analysis by whole exome DNA sequence did not detect any pathogenic variants in genes commonly implicated in melanoma. Additional analysis by SNP chromosomal microarray revealed a complex genome characterized by numerous chromosomal losses and gains, including a homozygous deletion of the CDKN2A locus and a heterozygous deletion of the locus containing EXT2, a tumor suppressor implicated in hereditary multiple osteochondromas and secondary chondrosarcomas. This case underscores the importance of recognizing cartilaginous differentiation as a rare manifestation of melanoma, particularly at subungual sites, and suggests that at least some of these melanomas may be driven by non‐canonical molecular pathways.
Defining paediatric neurorehabilitation: You cannot improve what you cannot characterize
Authors: Forsyth Rob , Whyte John
Published: April 2024

Neurorehabilitation is the primary therapy for neurological impairment in children, yet its potential to achieve change remains incompletely understood and probably underestimated. Understanding ‘the difference neurorehabilitation can make’ against a background of neurological repair and recovery as well as ongoing neurological development is an enormous challenge, exacerbated to no small extent by the lack of a ‘common currency’ for the description and measurement of the neurorehabilitation services a child is receiving. This review addresses attempts to parse neurorehabilitation treatment content in theoretically and mechanistically valid ways that might help address this challenge.
Maternal stress, parenting, and mother–child interactions in unaffected siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder in China
Authors: Ng Catalina S. M.
Published: April 2024

This commentary is on the original article by Chang et al. on pages 1446–1456 of this issue.
Embracing complexity to find simplicity in designing and assessing rehabilitation interventions
Authors: Carroll Jenny
Published: April 2024

This commentary is on the invited review by Forsyth and Whyte on pages 1123–1132 of this issue.
Predictive value of quality of life as measured by KCCQ in heart failure patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Kao Guoying , Xu Gang , Zhang Ying , Li Chuanwei , Xiao Jun
Published: April 2024

Background

Studies on the predictive ability of disease‐specific health quality of life (QoL) in patients with heart failure (HF) have produced conflicting results. To address these gaps in knowledge, we conducted a meta‐analysis to evaluate the predictive value of QoL measured by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) in patients with HF.

Materials and Methods

We searched PubMed, and Embase databases to identify studies investigating the predictive utility of baseline QoL measured by the KCCQ in HF patients. The outcome measures were all‐cause mortality and HF hospitalisation. The predictive value of QoL was expressed by pooling the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the bottom versus the top category of KCCQ score or for per 10‐point KCCQ score decrease.

Results

Twelve studies reporting on 11 articles with a total of 34,927 HF patients were identified. Comparison of the bottom with the top KCCQ score, the pooled adjusted HR was 2.34 (95% CI 2.10–2.60) and 2.53 (95% CI 2.23–2.88) for all‐cause mortality and HF hospitalisation, respectively. Additionally, a 10‐point decrease in KCCQ score was associated with a 12% (95% CI 7%–16%) increased risk of all‐cause mortality and a 14% (95% CI 13%–15%) increased risk of HF hospitalisation.

Conclusions

Poor health‐related QoL as determined by the lower KCCQ score, was associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality and HF hospitalisation in patients with HF. Measuring disease‐specific health‐related QoL using the KCCQ score may provide valuable predictive information for HF patients.
Unravelling the relationship between English reading habits and individual, family and school factors: A Chinese perspective
Authors: Ao Narentuya , Zhang Mengchen
Published: April 2024

In English teaching, developing students' reading habits has been emphasized for its critical role in promoting overall core competencies. However, in practice, many teachers and parents are not informed of the effective approaches to developing good English reading habits, hindering the overall development of students' core competencies. In light of this, an empirical study was carried out to explore the developmental features of students' English reading habits and individual, family and school factors that affect its development. A questionnaire was adopted to collect quantitative data. A total of 2,130 primary and secondary school students from China participated in the study. The results indicated that their English reading habits varied with age and gender. In terms of age, secondary school students, especially middle school students, performed better than primary school students. In terms of gender, females performed better in reading frequency, reading time and ways of reading, while males had a larger reading volume. Reading habits were found to be impacted by individual, school and family factors. Among them, age had the strongest influence on the development of English reading habits. These findings shed light on effective ways to develop English reading habits, especially in foreign‐language‐learning contexts.
MEF2C contributes to axonal branching by regulating Kif2c transcription
Authors: Wu Ronghua , Sun Ying , Zhou Zhihao , Dong Zhangji , Liu Yan , Liu Mei , Gao Huasong
Published: April 2024

Neurons are post‐mitotic cells, with microtubules playing crucial roles in axonal transport and growth. Kinesin family member 2c (KIF2C), a member of the Kinesin‐13 family, possesses the ability to depolymerize microtubules and is involved in remodelling the microtubule lattice. Myocyte enhancer factor 2c (MEF2C) was initially identified as a regulator of muscle differentiation but has recently been associated with neurological abnormalities such as severe cognitive impairment, stereotyping, epilepsy and brain malformations when mutated or deleted. However, further investigation is required to determine which target genes MEF2C acts upon to influence neuronal function as a transcription regulator. Our data demonstrate that knockdown of both Mef2c and Kif2c significantly impacts spinal motor neuron development and behaviour in zebrafish. Luciferase reporter assays and chromosome immunoprecipitation assays, along with down/upregulated expression analysis, revealed that MFE2C functions as a novel transcription regulator for the Kif2c gene. Additionally, the knockdown of either Mef2c or Kif2c expression in E18 cortical neurons substantially reduces the number of primary neurites and axonal branches during neuronal development in vitro without affecting neurite length. Finally, depletion of Kif2c eliminated the effects of overexpression of Mef2c on the neurite branching. Based on these findings, we provided novel evidence demonstrating that MEF2C regulates the transcription of the Kif2c gene thereby influencing the axonal branching.
Release, availability and geochemical interaction of Fe in soil after long‐term integrated nutrient management in wheat
Authors: Saroha Diksha , Yadav Narender , Raj Dev , Mukhopadhyay Raj , Duhan Anil , Kumar Rohtas
Published: April 2024

Wheat contributes to about one‐fifth of the total calories and protein consumption by humans but is found lower in total iron (Fe) concentration than the targeted nutritional requirement, leading to increasing cases of anaemia and malnutrition in humans, especially in the developing countries. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to understand the dynamics of Fe in soil and its supply in relation to wheat productivity and grain quality. The objectives of this study were to examine the impact of long‐term (54 years) annual and biannual application of different doses of farmyard manure (FYM) (0, 5, 10 and 15 Mg ha−1) and nitrogen (0, 60 and 120 kg ha−1) under integrated nutrient management on the dynamics of Fe in soil along with its relationship with total Fe uptake in wheat. Additionally, the release pattern of native soil Fe and risk of Fe toxicity were evaluated. The highest grain yield of wheat (6.08 Mg ha−1) was observed under biannual application of FYM and nitrogen at 10 Mg ha−1 and 120 kg ha−1, respectively, which was approximately 155% higher than the control plot (F0N0). Under the dual season application of 15 Mg ha−1 FYM and 120 kg ha−1 nitrogen, the total Fe content (48.48 mg kg−1) and its uptake (270.52 g ha−1) in wheat grains were found at maximum. The soil incubation study revealed that the rate of release of Fe increased up to 30 days of incubation followed by constant rates indicating the establishment of dynamic equilibrium among the different Fe fractions. Thus, the present study was conducted for the first time to improve the understanding of changes in Fe concentration and rate of release in soil, which directly influence the Fe uptake in wheat grain under the long‐term integrated nutrient management practices.
Optimization on selecting XGBoost hyperparameters using meta‐learning
Authors: Lima Marinho Tiago , do Nascimento Diego Carvalho , Pimentel Bruno Almeida
Published: April 2024

With computational evolution, there has been a growth in the number of machine learning algorithms and they became more complex and robust. A greater challenge is upon faster and more practical ways to find hyperparameters that will set up each algorithm individually. This article aims to use meta‐learning as a practicable solution for recommending hyperparameters from similar datasets, through their meta‐features structures, than to adopt the already trained XGBoost parameters for a new database. This reduced computational costs and also aimed to make real‐time decision‐making feasible or reduce any extra costs for companies for new information. The experimental results, adopting 198 data sets, attested to the success of the heuristics application using meta‐learning to compare datasets structure analysis. Initially, a characterization of the datasets was performed by combining three groups of meta‐features (general, statistical, and info‐theory), so that there would be a way to compare the similarity between sets and, thus, apply meta‐learning to recommend the hyperparameters. Later, the appropriate number of sets to characterize the XGBoost turning was tested. The obtained results were promising, showing an improved performance in the accuracy of the XGBoost, k = {4 − 6}, using the average of the hyperparameters values and, comparing to the standard grid‐search hyperparameters set by default, it was obtained that, in 78.28% of the datasets, the meta‐learning methodology performed better. This study, therefore, shows that the adoption of meta‐learning is a competitive alternative to generalize the XGBoost model, expecting better statistics performance (accuracy etc.) rather than adjusting to a single/particular model.
Modelling of healthcare data analytics using optimal machine learning model in big data environment
Authors: Fancy Chelladurai , Krishnaraj Nagappan , Ishwarya K. , Raja G. , Chandrasekaran Shyamala
Published: April 2024

Recent advances in wireless networking, big data technologies, namely Internet of Things (IoT) 5G networks, health care big data analytics, and other technologies in artificial intelligence (AI) and wearables, have supported the progression of intellectual disease diagnosis methods. Medical data covers all patient data such as pharmacy texts, electronic health reports (EHR), prescriptions, study data from medical journals, clinical photographs, and diagnostic reports. Big data is a renowned method in the healthcare sector, with beneficial datasets that are highly difficult, voluminous, and rapid for healthcare providers for interpreting and computing using prevailing tools. This study combines concepts like deep learning (DL) and big data analytics in medical field. This article develops a new healthcare data analytics using optimal machine learning model in big data environment (HDAOML‐BDE) technique. The presented HDAOML‐BDE technique mainly aims to examine the healthcare data for disease detection and classification in the big data environment. For handling big data, the HDAOML‐BDE technique uses Hadoop MapReduce environment. In addition, the HDAOML‐BDE technique uses manta ray foraging optimization‐based feature selection (MRFO‐FS) technique to reduce high dimensionality problems. Moreover, the HDAOML‐BDE method uses relevance vector machine (RVM) model for the healthcare data environment. Furthermore, the arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) is utilized for the parameter tuning of the RVM classifier. The simulation results of the HDAOML‐BDE technique are tested on a healthcare dataset, and the outcomes portray the improved performance of the HDAOML‐BDE strategy over recent approaches in different measures.
Lost in translation: Therapeutic Alliance as a mediator in the relationship between teletherapy and marital satisfaction
Authors: Bradford Angela B. , Witting Alyssa Banford , Anderson Shayne R. , Johnson Lee N. , Hunt Quintin A. , Miller Richard B. , Bean Roy A.
Published: April 2024

The global impact of the SARS‐COV‐2 pandemic necessitated a rapid shift to online/teletherapy psychotherapy services. While research suggests the feasibility and efficacy of teletherapy, there is limited investigation into couple teletherapy's impact on satisfaction and therapeutic alliance. This study aimed to address this gap by examining changes in couple satisfaction during tele‐ and in‐person therapy sessions over 12 sessions and exploring whether therapeutic alliance development mediates these changes. Using growth curve modeling in a sample of 416 couples, it found that teletherapy participants initially reported higher couple satisfaction, but improvement in this domain was slower than in‐person therapy recipients. The development of the therapeutic alliance mediated this effect via two indirect paths. Implications include the need for focused attention on alliance development in teletherapy and more empirically‐informed approaches in couple teletherapy.
Corrosion fatigue mechanisms and evaluation methods of high‐strength steel wires: A state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Jie Zhiyu , Zhang Zenghui , Susmel Luca , Zhang Lexin , Lu Wei
Published: April 2024

Corrosion significantly degrades the fatigue performance of high‐strength steel wires. This study conducts an extensive review of corrosion fatigue in corroded steel wires based on relevant literature. It outlines corrosion fatigue evolution mechanisms and discusses various test methodologies. Six distinct approaches are employed to assess corrosion fatigue life. A three‐stage multiscale corrosion fatigue evolution process involves pitting formation and growth, short crack propagation, and long crack propagation. Advanced fatigue assessment methods like the theory of critical distances (TCD) and the strain energy density (SED) are explored for predicting the corrosion fatigue life for corroded steel wires. A model utilizes an elastoplastic corrosion fatigue damage framework to comprehensively represent the complex interactions. The physics‐data‐driven method has garnered increasing attention due to its requirement of fewer sample data and good robustness. Moreover, the reliability method underscores its pivotal role in guaranteeing the longevity of suspenders and cables in practical settings.
PRIDASE 2024 guidelines for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies in endodontics: A consensus‐based development
Authors: Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Pigg Maria , Duncan Henry F. , Abbott Paul V. , Fouad Ashraf F. , Kruse Casper , Patel Shanon , Rechenberg Dan K. , Setzer Frank C , Rossi‐Fedele Giampiero , Dummer Paul M. H.
Published: April 2024

Studies investigating the accuracy of diagnostic tests should provide data on how effectively they identify or exclude disease in order to inform clinicians responsible for managing patients. This consensus‐based project was undertaken to develop reporting guidelines for authors submitting manuscripts, which describe studies that have evaluated the accuracy of diagnostic tests in endodontics. These guidelines are known as the Preferred Reporting Items for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies in Endodontics (PRIDASE) 2024 guidelines. A nine‐member steering committee created an initial checklist by integrating and modifying items from the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) 2015 checklist and the Clinical and Laboratory Images in Publications (CLIP) principles, as well as adding a number of new items specific to the specialty of endodontics. Thereafter, the steering committee formed the PRIDASE Delphi Group (PDG) and the PRIDASE Online Meeting Group (POMG) in order to collect expert feedback on the preliminary draft checklist. Members of the Delphi group engaged in an online Delphi process to reach consensus on the clarity and suitability of the items in the checklist. The online meeting group then held an in‐depth discussion on the online Delphi‐generated items via the Zoom platform on 20 October 2023. According to the feedback obtained, the steering committee revised the PRIDASE checklist, which was then piloted by several authors when preparing manuscripts describing diagnostic accuracy studies in endodontics. Feedback from this process resulted in the final version of the PRIDASE 2024 checklist, which has 11 sections and 66 items. Authors are encouraged to use the PRIDASE 2024 guidelines when developing manuscripts on diagnostic accuracy in endodontics in order to improve the quality of reporting in this area. Editors of relevant journals will be invited to include these guidelines in their instructions to authors.
A comparative analysis of the clinical and genetic profiles of blast phase BCR::ABL1‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasm and acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplasia‐related
Authors: Chen Dong , Geyer Julia , Bagg Adam , Hasserjian Robert , Weinberg Olga K.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The classic Philadelphia chromosome–negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Ph (‐) MPNs), have variable potential for progression to the blast phase (MPN‐BP) of the disease. Except initiated by distinct driver mutations, MPN‐BP frequently carry similar genetic abnormalities defining acute myeloid leukemia myelodysplasia‐related (AML‐MR). Because of dissimilar initial pathogenesis, MPN‐BP and AML‐MR are retained under different disease categories. To determine if separately classifying these entities is justified, we compare MPN‐BP with AML‐MR patients based on mutational landscape and clinical parameters.

Methods

104 MPN‐BP patients and 145 AML‐MR patients were identified with available clinical, cytogenetic, and genetic data.

Results

AML‐MR patients presented with a higher blast count (median, 51% vs. 30%) while MPN‐BP patients had higher WBC counts, platelet counts and bone marrow cellularity (all p<0.0001). Patients with MPN‐BP showed similar genetic mutations with similar mutation pattern (functional domain, hotspot and locus involved by the mutations) but a different mutation rate from AML‐MR, with more frequent JAK2, CALR, MPL, ASXL1, IDH2, SETBP1 and SRSF2 mutations and less frequent TP53 and DNMT3A mutations. The overall survival (OS) of MPN‐BP (OS post‐BP‐progression) is comparable to that of AML‐MR (median OS, 9.5 months vs. 13.1 months, p=0.20). In addition, the subgroups of MPN‐BP show similar OS as AML‐MR. When harboring certain mutation such as TP53, ASXL1, DNMT3A, TET2, RUNX1, IDH1, IDH2, EZH2, U2AF1, BCOR and SRSF2, MPN‐BP and AML‐MR patients carrying the same somatic mutation show no difference in OS.

Conclusion

MPN‐BP and AML‐MR harbor similar somatic mutations and clinical outcomes, suggesting a unified clinical disease entity.
The “V‐I penoscrotal reconfiguration”: A simple technique for the surgical treatment of congenital webbed penis
Authors: Bagnara Vincenzo , Donà Annadiletta , Berrettini Alfredo , Castagnetti Marco , Paraboschi Irene , Messina Mario , Sheridah Yasmin , Nascimben Francesca , Angotti Rossella
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To describe a new penoscrotal reconfiguration technique, named “V‐I penoscrotal reconfiguration” for the surgical reconstruction of a congenital webbed penis (CWP).

Methods

Twenty‐one patients who underwent the “V‐I penoscrotal reconfiguration technique” were included in this retrospective study. The CWP severity was assessed according to El‐Koutby's classification. Demographic and clinical data, surgical data, and postoperative outcomes were scheduled and analyzed. Specifically, the postoperative follow‐up included both physical and psychological assessments at 2 weeks, 1, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Parents' satisfaction degree was quantified by the Likert scale.

Results

CWP was grade 3 in 11 (52%) patients, 2 in five (24%), and 1 (24%) in five. Five (24%) CWP were isolated malformations, 11 (52%) were associated with phimosis, three (14%) with hypospadias, and two (10%) with hypospadias and phimosis. There were no postoperative complications and no cases of redo surgery. The cosmetic outcomes were excellent in all cases: the parents' satisfaction score was 4 in 17 (81%) cases and 3 (9%) in the other four cases.

Conclusions

CWP may cause psychological distress and functional problems, especially during sexual intercourse. Its correction in childhood is advocated to prevent psychological and sexual issues. The “V‐I reconfiguration technique” is simple, and easy with excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes.
The expression of Catsup in the hindgut is essential for zinc homeostasis in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Jin Li , Tian Xueke , Ji Xiaowen , Xiao Guiran
Published: April 2024

Zinc excretion is crucial for zinc homeostasis. However, the mechanism of zinc excretion has not been well characterized. Zinc homeostasis in Drosophila seems well conserved to mammals. In this study, we screened all members of the zinc transporters ZnT (SLC30) and Zip (SLC39) for their potential roles in Drosophila hindgut, an insect organ that belongs to the excretory system. The results indicated that Catecholamines up (Catsup, CG10449), a ZIP member localized to the Golgi, is responsible for zinc homeostasis in the hindgut of Drosophila hindgut‐specific knockdown of Catsup leads to a developmental arrest in the larval stage, which could be rescued well by human ZIP7. Further study suggested that Catsup RNAi in the hindgut reduced zinc levels in the excretory system (containing the Malpighian tubule and hindgut) but exhibited systemic zinc overload. Besides, more calculi were observed in the Malpighian tubules of Catsup RNAi flies. The developmental arrest and calculi in the Malpighian tubules of hindgut‐specific Catsup RNAi flies could be rescued by dietary zinc restriction but hypersensitivity to zinc. These results will help us understand the fundamental process of zinc excretion in higher eukaryotes.
Clinical outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Hui Samuel , Nguyen Andrew , Le Suong , Dev Anouk , Bell Sally
Published: April 2024

Background

Ultrasound surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may improve early tumour detection but may additionally result in surveillance‐related harm through increased evaluation of non‐HCC lesions. The incidence of these outcomes has not been reported outside North America.

Aims

We aimed to report the outcomes of HCC surveillance with respect to both surveillance‐related benefits and harms.

Methods

We reviewed all HCC surveillance ultrasounds at a large Victorian tertiary hospital network in 2017 and followed their outcomes until 2021. Surveillance‐related benefits were defined as early‐stage HCC detection. Surveillance‐related harm was defined as contrast imaging, biopsies or surgery performed to evaluate non‐HCC liver lesions or false‐positive alpha‐fetoprotein levels.

Results

Five hundred and fifty‐three patients were included (mean age 54.5 ± 12.3 years, males 67.5%, cirrhosis 50.3%). The most common liver disease aetiology was hepatitis B (53.9%). Over a median of 4.7 years follow‐up, early‐stage HCC was detected in 3.3% (5.4% in cirrhotic vs 1.1% in non‐cirrhotic patients, P < 0.01). 75% of all HCCs were early‐stage. Surveillance‐related harm occurred in 12.5% (15.5% in cirrhotic vs 9.5% in non‐cirrhotic patients, P < 0.04), although most harm was mild (12.1%). In subgroup analysis, the detection of early‐stage HCC ranged between 0% (screened outside of guideline criteria and alcoholic cirrhotic patients) and 7.2% (hepatitis C cirrhosis). Harm occurred between 9% (non‐cirrhotic hepatitis B) and 20.8% (thrombocytopenia).

Conclusion

In our study, HCC surveillance was associated with early tumour detection, although many patients experienced mild surveillance‐related harm. Novel surveillance strategies and pathways are required to improve detection in high‐risk patients and minimise harm in low‐risk patients.
Investigation of geopolymer efflorescence durability problems: Causes and possible solutions
Authors: Mokhtari Pozhhan , Ozer Ali , de Sá Ribeiro Ruy Alexandre , Samuel Devon , Kriven Waltraud M.
Published: April 2024

Experimental investigations were conducted to assess the impact of factors such as relative humidity (RH%) and the H2O molarity of waterglass on the efflorescence behavior of geopolymer composites. Samples with sodium (Na) and potassium (K) bases were prepared, having varying waterglass molarities (M) (at 11 and 13 moles of water). These samples were categorized into three groups exposed to different average RH ranges: (i) 0%–70% RH, (ii) 70%–90% RH, and (iii) 90%–100% RH. This study analyzed the occurrence of efflorescence and its stability, employing analytical techniques such as x‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy to examine the formation and characteristics of efflorescent deposits. Additionally, mechanical testing was conducted to evaluate the compressive and flexural strengths of the geopolymer samples, considering the impact of efflorescence on their durability. For instance, in the composite geopolymer specimen containing 11 M water, at a RH of 80%, the compressive strength is decreased by approximately 25% from 56.4 to 42.3 MPa. The findings revealed that when the RH falls within the 70%–90% range, a decrease in water molar content from 13 M to 11 M leads to a more pronounced occurrence of efflorescence when compared to other conditions. Efflorescence may also occur in different RH ranges and water molarities, but its occurrence is significantly lower compared to the 70%–90% RH and 11 M water.