bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Competition between photochemical and biological degradation of dissolved organic matter from the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa
Authors: Bittar Thais B. , Vieira Armando A. H. , Stubbins Aron , Mopper Kenneth
Published: April 2015

Extracellular and intracellular dissolved organic matter (E‐DOM and I‐DOM, respectively) produced in axenic cultures by the cosmopolitan cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa were characterized, and photoreactivity, bioreactivity, and the effects of phototransformations on bioavailability of E‐DOM and I‐DOM were assessed in laboratory experiments. Chromophoric (CDOM) and fluorescent (FDOM) properties were analyzed by spectrophotometry, and chemical signatures were obtained by ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR‐MS). E‐DOM was more heterogeneous regarding optical characteristics as indicated by the presence of multiple CDOM peaks and the more even distribution of FDOM components, and had less absolute and relative numbers for molecular formulae containing nitrogen (N) than I‐DOM. E‐DOM was more photolabile, with greater photochemical removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), CDOM and FDOM, and exhibited more pronounced photochemical alterations in molecular formulae composition than I‐DOM. E‐DOM was less biolabile, with less biological removal of DOC, CDOM, and protein‐like fluorescent material, and supported lower rates of bacterial productivity than I‐DOM. Phototransformations reduced the bioavailability of E‐DOM and I‐DOM, as shown by lower bacterial productivity and longer DOC and CDOM half‐lives in bioassays with photoirradiated DOM in comparison to those with nonirradiated DOM. Analyses of CDOM, FDOM, and FTICR‐MS revealed that the decrease in bioavailability was caused primarily by photolysis of the biolabile DOM, indicating competition between photochemical and biological removal of cyanobacterial DOM. These results provided insights into mechanistic effects of independent and combined photochemical and biological degradation on M. aeruginosa‐derived DOM.
The Contribution of Symptom Incongruence to Prehospital Delay for Acute Myocardial Infarction Symptoms Among Jordanian Patients
Authors: Abed Mona A. , Khalil Amani A. , Moser Debra K.
Published: April 2015

Qualitative investigators have suggested that symptom incongruence, or a mismatch between symptoms that patients expect and those they experience in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), increases the time to hospitalization by affecting emotional, cognitive, and behavioral factors. No quantitative studies have been conducted that verify these relationships. We aimed to (a) examine the relationships among symptom incongruence, prehospital delay, anxiety level at onset of symptoms, perceived seriousness and importance of symptoms, source to which symptoms were attributed, and patients’ first response at symptom onset and (b) test the independent association of symptom incongruence to prehospital delay. Jordanian patients with AMI (n = 299) were interviewed using validated questionnaires, and medical records were reviewed to collect information on patients’ prehospital delay time, symptom incongruence, and response to AMI symptoms. Patients had low mean (7.5 ± 3.6) symptom incongruence scores (range 0–21 out of 24) and relatively short median prehospital delay (1.3 hours). Symptom incongruence was positively correlated with and independently predicted prehospital delay. Greater anxiety and greater perceived seriousness and importance of symptoms were associated with less incongruence and shorter prehospital delay. Patients who attributed their symptoms to a cardiac etiology had significantly shorter prehospital delay and less symptom incongruence than their counterparts. Patients who contacted the emergency medical service directly after symptom onset had shorter prehospital delay than their counterparts who did not, but did not differ on the level of symptom incongruence. Symptom incongruence may increase prehospital delay by complicating patients’ efforts to label and respond to AMI symptoms. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimental analyses of an optimized shear load transfer in the circumferential joints of concrete segmental linings
Authors: Putke Thomas , Bohun Roksana , Mark Peter
Published: April 2015

The coupling of subsequent rings in the circumferential joints of tunnel lining systems is of particular interest in mechanized tunnelling and a controversial issue in discussions. On the one hand, interlocking systems such as “cam & pot” can be of use in limiting the lining's deformation. But on the other hand, unfavourable conditions often lead to repetitive and significant damage that decreases the tunnel's lifetime. This paper describes the experimental results of a three‐part optimization concept (structural analysis, topological optimization and experimental verification) that was tested for concrete linings using the example of the shear coupling mechanism. First, geometrical dependencies are analysed which reveal predominantly stronger cams than corresponding pots. Hence, pot bearing capacities are increased, transferring topological optimization results to reinforcement concepts featuring micro‐mesh reinforcement, steel fibre cocktails and rebars welded to anchor plates. The latter especially resulted in comparatively stronger pots along with considerably better ductility. Nevertheless, pots still represent the weaker part and are crucial for the design. Therefore, a concept with steel dowels and predefined static boundary conditions was tested. The results are characterized by a significantly lower scatter of bearing capacities accompanied by much better ductility.
TakoTsubo cardiomyopathy: unravelling the malignant consequences of a benign disease with cardiac magnetic resonance
Authors: Dastidar Amardeep Ghosh , Frontera Antonio , Palazzuoli Alberto , Bucciarelli-Ducci Chiara
Published: April 2015

TakoTsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is a unique type of reversible cardiomyopathy that is precipitated by a stressful emotional or physical event. The increasing incidence is due to the greater use of emergency coronary angiography, newer cardiac biomarkers together with more sensitive cardiac imaging techniques. Few case reports have documented how TCM can present with malignant arrhythmias such as torsades de pointes caused by the repolarisation abnormalities or QTc prolongation. Although TCM is usually considered a benign reversible condition, its associated arrhythmic risk is increasingly recognised. TCM often presents as an acute coronary syndrome with unobstructed coronary arteries at angiography. In this patient population, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is a useful tool to establish a differential diagnosis, discriminating TCM from acute myocarditis and myocardial infarction with spontaneous recanalisation. CMR is becoming a promising new diagnostic modality in risk stratifying patients with potential higher arrhythmic risk.
Competing Risks Data Analysis with High-Dimensional Covariates: An Application in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Tapak Leili , Saidijam Massoud , Sadeghifar Majid , Poorolajal Jalal , Mahjub Hossein
Published: April 2015

Analysis of microarray data is associated with the methodological problems of high dimension and small sample size. Various methods have been used for variable selection in high-dimension and small sample size cases with a single survival endpoint. However, little effort has been directed toward addressing competing risks where there is more than one failure risks. This study compared three typical variable selection techniques including Lasso, elastic net, and likelihood-based boosting for high-dimensional time-to-event data with competing risks. The performance of these methods was evaluated via a simulation study by analyzing a real dataset related to bladder cancer patients using time-dependent receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and bootstrap .632+ prediction error curves. The elastic net penalization method was shown to outperform Lasso and boosting. Based on the elastic net, 33 genes out of 1381 genes related to bladder cancer were selected. By fitting to the Fine and Gray model, eight genes were highly significant (P  < 0.001). Among them, expression of RTN4, SON, IGF1R, SNRPE, PTGR1, PLEK, and ETFDH was associated with a decrease in survival time, whereas SMARCAD1 expression was associated with an increase in survival time. This study indicates that the elastic net has a higher capacity than the Lasso and boosting for the prediction of survival time in bladder cancer patients. Moreover, genes selected by all methods improved the predictive power of the model based on only clinical variables, indicating the value of information contained in the microarray features.
Hepatocellular carcinoma first presenting as a tumor of the oral cavity
Authors: Alrumaih Redha Ali , Arian Asif Ali , Alhedyani Alanoud A , Al-Zaher Nabil , Dababo M Anas
Published: April 2015

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common neoplasm worldwide; HCC metastasis is common affecting 50% of cases. However, metastasis to the oral cavity is extremely infrequent. We present a case of hepatocellular cancer first presenting as a mass lesion at the upper alveolus and review metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma to the oral cavity in 73-year-old male patient.
Plasma cell leukemia
Authors: Alghasham Nahlah , Alnounou Randa , Alzahrani Hazzaa , Alsharif Fahad
Published: April 2015

Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare hematologic malignancy with very poor outcome. It is defined by the presence of >2 × 109/L plasma cells or >20%s plasmacytosis of the differential white cell count in the peripheral blood. Primary PCL is first diagnosed in the leukemic phase, while secondary PCL corresponds to the leukemic transformation of a previously diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). The incidence of PCL ranges between 2-4% of patients with MM and 0.9% of patients with acute leukemia. In this case series, we describe the clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic findings of four patients diagnosed with PCL within a ten-year period (2002-2012) at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (General Organization), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Preoperative staging of rectal cancer with MRI: correlation with pathologic staging
Authors: Abreu Soraia Filipa Macado , Martins Sandra Fátima Fernandes
Published: April 2015

Introduction An accurate preoperative rectal cancer staging is crucial to the correct management of the disease. Despite great controversy around this issue, pelvic magnetic resonance (RM) is said to be the imagiologic standard modality. This work aimed to evaluate magnetic resonance accuracy in preoperative rectal cancer staging comparing with the anatomopathological results.

Methods We calculated sensibility, specificity, positive (VP positive) and negative (VP negative) predictive values for each T and N. We evaluated the concordance between both methods of staging using the Cohen weighted K (K
w), and through ROC curves, we evaluated magnetic resonance accuracy in rectal cancer staging.

Results 41 patients met the inclusion criteria. We achieved an efficacy of 43.9% for T and 61% for N staging. The respective sensibility, specificity, positive and negative predictive values are 33.3%, 94.7%, 33.3% and 94.7% for T1; 62.5%, 32%, 37.0% and 57.1% for T2; 31.8%, 79%, 63.6% and 50% for T3 and 27.8%, 87%, 62.5% and 60.6% for N. We obtained a poor concordance for T and N staging and the anatomopathological results. The ROC curves indicated that magnetic resonance is ineffective in rectal cancer staging.

Conclusion Magnetic resonance has a moderate efficacy in rectal cancer staging and the major difficulty is in differentiating T2 and T3.
Enterorrhagia due to pelvic hematoma after femoral catheterization
Authors: Silveira Júnior Sérgio , de Souza Kock Kaiser , Silvano Diego Machado , Soares Mariana , Delgado Daniel Rufato
Published: April 2015

Arterial puncture, better known as catheterization, has become an important diagnostic tool in recent years. For its realization, generally the option is the Seldinger technique, which is considered today the safest and most often used procedure. This technique allows the insertion of large-caliber or multiple-lumen catheters in the vessel. Arterial catheterization helps in several exams, for instance, mesenteric angiography and cardiac output assessment, and contributes in cineangiocoronariography procedures. We report the case of a 67-year-old male patient who was submitted to cineangiocoronariography and evolved with enterorrhagia due to pelvic hematoma. Throughout the patient's care, a conservative treatment was chosen. The progression of the patient was uneventful and then the patient was discharged. It is very hard to determine which arterial segment was injured; however, as the hematoma was located predominantly in the pelvic region, it is believed that an injury occurred at the internal iliac artery, or directly at the bifurcation of the common iliac artery. Furthermore, it is assumed that a catheter kinking occurred during its progression, due to any tortuosity or to the presence of an atheromatous plaque, thus favoring the occurrence of the more distal lesion, rather than the proximal one. We decided to report this case because of its high degree of rarity, with a scarce number of papers in the literature related to the topic. Thus, with the description of this report we believe that other medical teams will have facilitated their decision-making process, when facing a similar case.
Connectedness of the space of smooth actions of on the interval
Authors: BONATTI CHRISTIAN , EYNARD-BONTEMPS HÉLÈNE
Published: April 2015

We prove that the spaces of${\mathcal{C}}^{\infty }$orientation preserving actions of$\mathbb{Z}^{n}$on$[0,1]$and non-free actions of$\mathbb{Z}^{2}$on the circle are connected.
Modelling intrusions through quiescent and moving ambients
Authors: Johnson Christopher G. , Hogg Andrew J. , Huppert Herbert E. , Sparks R. Stephen J. , Phillips Jeremy C. , Slim Anja C. , Woodhouse Mark J.
Published: April 2015

Volcanic eruptions commonly produce buoyant ash-laden plumes that rise through the stratified atmosphere. On reaching their level of neutral buoyancy, these plumes cease rising and transition to horizontally spreading intrusions. Such intrusions occur widely in density-stratified fluid environments, and in this paper we develop a shallow-layer model that governs their motion. We couple this dynamical model to a model for particle transport and sedimentation, to predict both the time-dependent distribution of ash within volcanic intrusions and the flux of ash that falls towards the ground. In an otherwise quiescent atmosphere, the intrusions spread axisymmetrically. We find that the buoyancy-inertial scalings previously identified for continuously supplied axisymmetric intrusions are not realised by solutions of the governing equations. By calculating asymptotic solutions to our model we show that the flow is not self-similar, but is instead time-dependent only in a narrow region at the front of the intrusion. This non-self-similar behaviour results in the radius of the intrusion growing with time$t$as$t^{3/4}$, rather than$t^{2/3}$as suggested previously. We also identify a transition to drag-dominated flow, which is described by a similarity solution with radial growth now proportional to$t^{5/9}$. In the presence of an ambient wind, intrusions are not axisymmetric. Instead, they are predominantly advected downstream, while at the same time spreading laterally and thinning vertically due to persistent buoyancy forces. We show that close to the source, this lateral spreading is in a buoyancy-inertial regime, whereas far downwind, the horizontal buoyancy forces that drive the spreading are balanced by drag. Our results emphasise the important role of buoyancy-driven spreading, even at large distances from the source, in the formation of the flowing thin horizontally extensive layers of ash that form in the atmosphere as a result of volcanic eruptions.
Sources and fluxes of scale energy in the overlap layer of wall turbulence
Authors: Cimarelli A. , De Angelis E. , Schlatter P. , Brethouwer G. , Talamelli A. , Casciola C. M.
Published: April 2015

Direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flows at friction Reynolds numbers (Re) of 550, 1000 and 1500 are used to analyse the turbulent production, transfer and dissipation mechanisms in the compound space of scales and wall distances by means of the Kolmogorov equation generalized to inhomogeneous anisotropic flows. Two distinct peaks of scale-energy source are identified. The first, stronger one, belongs to the near-wall cycle. Its location in the space of scales and physical space is found to scale in viscous units, while its intensity grows slowly with $\mathit{Re}$, indicating a near-wall modulation. The second source peak is found further away from the wall in the putative overlap layer, and it is separated from the near-wall source by a layer of significant scale-energy sink. The dynamics of the second outer source appears to be strongly dependent on the Reynolds number. The detailed scale-by-scale analysis of this source highlights well-defined features that are used to make the properties of the outer turbulent source independent of Reynolds number and wall distance by rescaling the problem. Overall, the present results suggest a strong connection of the observed outer scale-energy source with the presence of an outer region of turbulence production whose mechanisms are well separated from the near-wall region and whose statistical features agree with the hypothesis of an overlap layer dominated by attached eddies. Inner–outer interactions between the near-wall and outer source region in terms of scale-energy fluxes are also analysed. It is conjectured that the near-wall modulation of the statistics at increasing Reynolds number can be related to a confinement of the near-wall turbulence production due to the presence of increasingly large production scales in the outer scale-energy source region.
Localised turbulence in a circular pipe flow with gradual expansion
Authors: Selvam Kamal , Peixinho Jorge , Willis Ashley P.
Published: April 2015

We report the results of three-dimensional direct numerical simulations for incompressible viscous fluid in a circular pipe flow with a gradual expansion. At the inlet, a parabolic velocity profile is applied together with a constant finite-amplitude perturbation to represent experimental imperfections. Initially, at low Reynolds number, the solution is steady. As the Reynolds number is increased, the length of the recirculation region near the wall grows linearly. Then, at a critical Reynolds number, a symmetry-breaking bifurcation occurs, where linear growth of asymmetry is observed. Near the point of transition to turbulence, the flow experiences oscillations due to a shear layer instability for a narrow range of Reynolds numbers. At higher Reynolds numbers, the recirculation region breaks into a turbulent state which remains spatially localised and unchanged when the perturbation is removed from the flow. Spatial correlation analysis suggests that the localised turbulence in the gradual expansion possesses a different flow structure from the turbulent puff of uniform pipe flow.
Whole grain intake and its association with intakes of other foods, nutrients and markers of health in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey rolling programme 2008–11
Authors: Mann Kay D. , Pearce Mark S. , McKevith Brigid , Thielecke Frank , Seal Chris J.
Published: April 2015

Epidemiological evidence suggests an inverse association between whole grain consumption and the risk of non-communicable diseases, such as CVD, type 2 diabetes, obesity and some cancers. A recent analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey rolling programme (NDNS-RP) has shown lower intake of whole grain in the UK. It is important to understand whether the health benefits associated with whole grain intake are present at low levels of consumption. The present study aimed to investigate the association of whole grain intake with intakes of other foods, nutrients and markers of health (anthropometric and blood measures) in the NDNS-RP 2008–11, a representative dietary survey of UK households. A 4-d diet diary was completed by 3073 individuals. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure levels, and blood and urine samples were collected after diary completion. Individual whole grain intake was calculated with consumers categorised into tertiles of intake. Higher intake of whole grain was associated with significantly decreased leucocyte counts. Significantly higher concentrations of C-reactive protein were seen in adults in the lowest tertile of whole grain intake. No associations with the remaining health markers were seen, after adjustments for sex and age. Over 70 % of this population did not consume the minimum recommend intake associated with disease risk reduction, which may explain small variation across health markers. Nutrient intakes in consumers compared with non-consumers were closer to dietary reference values, such as higher intakes of fibre, Mg and Fe, and lower intakes of Na, suggesting that higher intake of whole grain is associated with improved diet quality.
Tracking year-to-year changes in intestinal nematode communities of rufous mouse lemurs (Microcebus rufus)
Authors: AIVELO TUOMAS , MEDLAR ALAN , LÖYTYNOJA ARI , LAAKKONEN JUHA , JERNVALL JUKKA
Published: April 2015

While it is known that intestinal parasite communities vary in their composition over time, there is a lack of studies addressing how variation in component communities (between-hosts) manifests in infracommunities (within-host) during the host lifespan. In this study, we investigate the changes in the intestinal parasite infracommunities in wild-living rufous mouse lemurs (Microcebus rufus) from Ranomafana National Park in southeastern Madagascar from 2010 to 2012. We used high-throughput barcoding of the 18S rRNA gene to interrogate parasite community structure. Our results show that in these nematode communities, there were two frequently occurring putative species and four rarer putative species. All putative species were randomly distributed over host individuals and they did not occur in clear temporal patterns. For the individuals caught in at least two different years, there was high turnover of putative species and high variation in fecal egg counts. Our study shows that while there was remarkable variation in infracommunities over time, the component community was relatively stable. Nevertheless, the patterns of prevalence varied substantially between years in each component community.
American Religious Freedom
Authors: Perry Michael J.
Published: April 2015

Among contemporary scholars of American religious freedom, Andrew Koppelman and Steven Smith are two of the most esteemed. They address, in their respective books, a broad range of important issues. Space limitations constrain me to be selective in this review essay; I comment here on what Koppelman and Smith say, and don't say, about two of the most fundamental issues regarding American religious freedom: the meaning of the nonestablishment norm and the constitutionality of granting conscience-protecting exemptions only to religious believers.
Explaining deviations from the Stability and Growth Pact: power, ideology, economic need or diffusion?
Authors: Hansen Michael A.
Published: April 2015

Why do some countries deviate from European Union law? More specifically, why do countries violate the Stability and Growth Pact, which is a cornerstone piece of legislation for the shared economy? Is it that violators simply have no other choice due to economic need? Are the violators intentional deviators that are simply able to violate the Stability and Growth Pact because of their power in the European Union? This article answers these questions and identifies those factors that are most likely to impact a country’s deviation from the two main clauses of the Stability and Growth Pact. The major finding is that it is economic need, not a country’s relative power, governing ideology or diffusion, that has a large impact on which clause will be violated.
Semi-cores in imperial relations: The cases of Scotland and Norway
Authors: SKUMSRUD ANDERSEN MORTEN
Published: April 2015

Recently, the field of International Relations has seen increased interest in international hierarchy, and also an upswing in the analytical study of imperial logics of rule. Nonetheless, existing structural models of empire focus on core-periphery dynamics, and so cannot explain polities that display elements of both core and periphery. Therefore, I offer the new concept of ‘semi-cores’. Semi-cores are a specific form of historical political associations whereby certain imperial provinces are different from the others in terms of the close relationships it maintains with the imperial metropolis. Semi-cores are different by virtue of being relatively similar. The conceptualisation of semi-cores is followed by a section illustrating its logic, examining the relatively unfamiliar cases of Scotland and Norway and their position within the Danish and British empires, respectively. Although being separate imperial provinces, these were tightly connected to an imperial core. This concept helps us better understand imperial logics, and in the process shows how cultural factors can be formalised into accounts of structural logics of rule, impacting our understanding of both historical and contemporary hierarchical international affairs.
STRUCTURAL THRESHOLD REGRESSION
Authors: Kourtellos Andros , Stengos Thanasis , Tan Chih Ming
Published: April 2015

This paper introduces the structural threshold regression (STR) model that allows for an endogenous threshold variable as well as for endogenous regressors. This model provides a parsimonious way of modeling nonlinearities and has many potential applications in economics and finance. Our framework can be viewed as a generalization of the simple threshold regression framework of Hansen (2000, Econometrica 68, 575–603) and Caner and Hansen (2004, Econometric Theory 20, 813–843) to allow for the endogeneity of the threshold variable and regime-specific heteroskedasticity. Our estimation of the threshold parameter is based on a two-stage concentrated least squares method that involves an inverse Mills ratio bias correction term in each regime. We derive its asymptotic distribution and propose a method to construct confidence intervals. We also provide inference for the slope parameters based on a generalized method of moments. Finally, we investigate the performance of the asymptotic approximations using a Monte Carlo simulation, which shows the applicability of the method in finite samples.
Electrical equivalent model of meta-materials based on circular SRR
Authors: Labidi Mondher , Choubani Fethi
Published: April 2015

This work focuses on the circuit modeling and full-wave analysis behavior of circular split ring resonator (SRR). We investigate an equivalent circuit model that allows calculating the resonant frequency from the geometric parameters. Equivalent LC parameters of inductance and capacitance are derived using conformal mapping and constitutive equations. Lumped element equivalent circuit models of resonator are investigated highlighting the behavior of inductance and capacitance. In order to validate our proposed analytical LC model, a comparison of theoretical and simulation results has been performed and a good agreement is achieved with a maximum error of 4.23% and a minimum error of 0.52%, which supports the validity of the equivalent model.
The Role of Pediatric Psychologists in Facilitating Medical Decision Making in the Care of Critically Ill Young Children
Authors: Ernst Michelle M. , Piazza-Waggoner Carrie , Ciesielski Heather
Published: April 2015

The aim of the current article is to highlight the ways pediatric psychologists can support families and teams in medical decision making for critically ill young children. To address this, we review the challenges related to medical decision making and highlight both professional competencies and clinical considerations related to the role of the psychologist. Then, we present 2 cases that illustrate how psychologists can support parents and teams in navigating these factors during decision-making tasks. Finally, we highlight common intervention strategies using the cases as examples, and note the importance of adding this pediatric psychologist role to the repertoire of issues for which we can add value within the medical setting.
Real-time observation of epitaxial graphene domain reorientation
Authors: Rogge Paul C. , Thürmer Konrad , Foster Michael E. , McCarty Kevin F. , Dubon Oscar D. , Bartelt Norman C.
Published: April 2015

Graphene films grown by vapour deposition tend to be polycrystalline due to the nucleation and growth of islands with different in-plane orientations. Here, using low-energy electron microscopy, we find that micron-sized graphene islands on Ir(111) rotate to a preferred orientation during thermal annealing. We observe three alignment mechanisms: the simultaneous growth of aligned domains and dissolution of rotated domains, that is, ‘ripening’; domain boundary motion within islands; and continuous lattice rotation of entire domains. By measuring the relative growth velocity of domains during ripening, we estimate that the driving force for alignment is on the order of 0.1 meV per C atom and increases with rotation angle. A simple model of the orientation-dependent energy associated with the moiré corrugation of the graphene sheet due to local variations in the graphene–substrate interaction reproduces the results. This work suggests new strategies for improving the van der Waals epitaxy of 2D materials.
Universal structure of transmission eigenchannels inside opaque media
Authors: Davy Matthieu , Shi Zhou , Park Jongchul , Tian Chushun , Genack Azriel Z.
Published: April 2015

As the desire to explore opaque materials is ordinarily frustrated by multiple scattering of waves, attention has focused on the transmission matrix of the wave field. This matrix gives the fullest account of transmission and conductance and enables the control of the transmitted flux; however, it cannot address the fundamental issue of the spatial profile of eigenchannels of the transmission matrix inside the sample. Here we obtain a universal expression for the average disposition of energy of transmission eigenchannels within random diffusive systems in terms of auxiliary localization lengths determined by the corresponding transmission eigenvalues. The spatial profile of each eigenchannel is shown to be a solution of a generalized diffusion equation. These results reveal the rich structure of transmission eigenchannels and enable the control of the energy distribution inside random media.
Metabolite localization in living drosophila using High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning NMR
Authors: Sarou-Kanian Vincent , Joudiou Nicolas , Louat Fanny , Yon Maxime , Szeremeta Frédéric , Même Sandra , Massiot Dominique , Decoville Martine , Fayon Franck , Beloeil Jean-Claude
Published: April 2015

We have developed new methods enabling in vivo localization and identification of metabolites through their 1H NMR signatures, in a drosophila. Metabolic profiles in localized regions were obtained using HR-MAS Slice Localized Spectroscopy and Chemical Shift Imaging at high magnetic fields. These methods enabled measurement of metabolite contents in anatomic regions of the fly, demonstrated by a decrease in β-alanine signals in the thorax of flies showing muscle degeneration.
Office Paper Platform for Bioelectrochromic Detection of Electrochemically Active Bacteria using Tungsten Trioxide Nanoprobes
Authors: Marques A. C. , Santos L. , Costa M. N. , Dantas J. M. , Duarte P. , Gonçalves A. , Martins R. , Salgueiro C. A. , Fortunato E.
Published: April 2015

Electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) have the capability to transfer electrons to cell exterior, a feature that is currently explored for important applications in bioremediation and biotechnology fields. However, the number of isolated and characterized EAB species is still very limited regarding their abundance in nature. Colorimetric detection has emerged recently as an attractive mean for fast identification and characterization of analytes based on the use of electrochromic materials. In this work, WO3 nanoparticles were synthesized by microwave assisted hydrothermal synthesis and used to impregnate non-treated regular office paper substrates. This allowed the production of a paper-based colorimetric sensor able to detect EAB in a simple, rapid, reliable, inexpensive and eco-friendly method. The developed platform was then tested with Geobacter sulfurreducens, as a proof of concept. G. sulfurreducens cells were detected at latent phase with an RGB ratio of 1.10 ± 0.04 and a response time of two hours.
Mixed ligand copper(ii) dicarboxylate complexes: the role of co-ligand hydrophobicity in DNA binding, double-strand DNA cleavage, protein binding and cytotoxicity
Authors: Loganathan Rangasamy , Ramakrishnan Sethu , Ganeshpandian Mani , Bhuvanesh Nattamai S. P. , Palaniandavar Mallayan , Riyasdeen Anvarbatcha , Akbarsha Mohamad Abdulkadhar
Published: April 2015

Mixed ligand 5,6-dmp and 3,4,7,8-tmp complexes display more prominent cytotoxicity and higher apoptotic inducing ability.
Lanthanide phosphonates with pseudo-D5h local symmetry exhibiting magnetic and luminescence bifunctional properties
Authors: Ren Min , Bao Song-Song , Wang Bing-Wu , Ferreira Rute A. S. , Zheng Li-Min , Carlos Luis D.
Published: April 2015

Layered lanthanide(iii) phosphonates [Ln(notpH4)(H2O)]ClO4·3H2O [Ln = Dy(1), Ho(2)] in which the lanthanide ion has a pseudo-D5h symmetry show field-induced slow relaxation at low temperatures as well as luminescence properties.
Solvent-free heteropolyacid-catalyzed glycerol ketalization at room temperature
Authors: da Silva M. J. , Julio A. A. , Dorigetto F. C. S.
Published: April 2015

In this work, we assessed the activity of H3PW12O40 heteropolyacid on glycerol ketalization with different ketones at room temperature and in the absence of an auxiliary solvent.
Evaluation of separation properties of a modified strong cation exchange material named MEX and its application in 2D-MEX × C18 system to separate peptides from scorpion venom
Authors: Chen Bo , Xu Junyan , Fu Qing , Dong Xuefang , Guo Zhimou , Jin Yu , Liang Xinmiao
Published: April 2015

Peptides from scorpion venom represent one of the most promising sources for drug discovery in some specific disease.
Green synthesis of multifunctional carbon dots from coriander leaves and their potential application as antioxidants, sensors and bioimaging agents
Authors: Sachdev Abhay , Gopinath P.
Published: April 2015

A facile one-step hydrothermal synthesis of multifunctional carbon dots from coriander leaves for versatile applications is reported.
Masking agent-free and channel-switch-mode simultaneous sensing of Fe3+ and Hg2+ using dual-excitation graphene quantum dots
Authors: Xu Fengzhou , Shi Hui , He Xiaoxiao , Wang Kemin , He Dinggeng , Yan Lv'an , Ye Xiaosheng , Tang Jinlu , Shangguan Jingfang , Luo Lan
Published: April 2015

Utilizing dual-excitation single-emission graphene quantum dots, a novel channel-switch-mode strategy for simultaneous sensing of Fe3+ and Hg2+ is developed.
A review of traditional and emerging methods to characterize lipid–protein interactions in biological membranes
Authors: Hsia Chih-Yun , Richards Mark J. , Daniel Susan
Published: April 2015

Lipid–protein interactions are essential for modulating membrane protein structures and biological functions in the cell plasma membrane. In this review we describe the salient features of classical and emerging methodologies for studying protein–lipid interactions and their limitations.
Intramolecular thiol–yne cyclisation as a novel strategy for thioglycal synthesis
Authors: Corcé Vincent , McSweeney Lauren , Malone Aoife , Scanlan Eoin M.
Published: April 2015

Intramolecular thiol–yne cyclisation reactions has been developed for the synthesis of both exo- and endo-thioglycals.
Microengine-assisted electrochemical measurements at printable sensor strips
Authors: Cinti Stefano , Valdés-Ramírez Gabriela , Gao Wei , Li Jinxing , Palleschi Giuseppe , Wang Joseph
Published: April 2015

A new microengine-based built-in-platform exploiting a surprising dual action with solution mixing and control of the reaction parameters, has been applied for accelerating chemical reactions (organophosphorous nerve agents hydrolysis) and electrochemical detection of non-hazardous by-product (p-nitrophenol) using printable sensor strip.
Cleavage of hydrogen by activation at a single non-metal centre – towards new hydrogen storage materials
Authors: Grabowski Sławomir J.
Published: April 2015

The dihydrogen activation at the non-metal centres is analyzed; the molecular H2addition to such centres is an exothermic reaction in polar solvents.
An adaptive finite-element method for large-scale ab initio molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Tsuchida Eiji , Choe Yoong-Kee , Ohkubo Takahiro
Published: April 2015

A snapshot ofab initiomolecular dynamics simulations for a polymer electrolyte membrane at low hydration.
Bringing light into the dark triplet space of molecular systems
Authors: Ge Jing , Zhang Qun , Jiang Jun , Geng Zhigang , Jiang Shenlong , Fan Kaili , Guo Zhenkun , Hu Jiahua , Chen Zongwei , Chen Yang , Wang Xiaoping , Luo Yi
Published: April 2015

A novel pump–probe technique is developed to map out the excited-state dynamics in the triplet space of molecular systems.
Hybrid nanostructures for SERS: materials development and chemical detection
Authors: Fateixa Sara , Nogueira Helena I. S. , Trindade Tito
Published: April 2015

A perspective of recent developments on nanostructures composed of hybrid materials for SERS applications, including Chemical detection of analytes.
Two-dimensional electronic-vibrational spectra: modeling correlated electronic and nuclear motion
Authors: Terenziani F. , Painelli A.
Published: April 2015

2D-EV spectra of solvated organic dyes modeled in terms of a reduced set of electronic diabatic states.
Phase engineering of transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Voiry Damien , Mohite Aditya , Chhowalla Manish
Published: April 2015

The co-existence of 2H, 1T and 1T′ phases in monolayered TMDs.
Mechanism of N-heterocylic carbene-catalyzed annulation of allenals with chalcones to 3-pyrancarbaldehydes or cyclopentene
Authors: Wei Xiaoxiao , Fang Ran , Yang Lizi
Published: April 2015

The reaction mechanisms of N-heterocylic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed annulation to 3-pyrancarbaldehydes or cyclopentene were theoretically analyzed.
Transition metal complexes of phyllobilins – a new realm of bioinorganic chemistry
Authors: Li Chengjie , Kräutler Bernhard
Published: April 2015

Phyllobilins may function as natural ligand molecules for biologically important transition metal ions, giving complexes with remarkable chemical and photophysical properties.
Solid state synthesis of nano-sized AlH3 and its dehydriding behaviour
Authors: Duan C. W. , Hu L. X. , Xue D.
Published: April 2015

An investigation on the synthesis of nano-sized AlH3 by the solid state reaction between aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and cheap magnesium hydride (MgH2).
Effects of culture media on metabolic profiling of the human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901
Authors: Huang Zicheng , Shao Wei , Gu Jinping , Hu Xiaomin , Shi Yuanzhi , Xu Wenqi , Huang Caihua , Lin Donghai
Published: April 2015

Culture media significantly affect cellular metabolic profiling.
3-Aminooxazolidinone AHL analogs as hydrolytically-stable quorum sensingagonists in Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Guo Min , Zheng Yue , Starks Rusty , Opoku-Temeng Clement , Ma Xiaochu , Sintim Herman O.
Published: April 2015

Hydrolytically stable 3-aminooxazolidinone analogs of acylhomoserine lactone quorum sensing autoinducers can modulate LuxR-type proteins and hence analogs thereof hold promise as quorum sensing modulators for diverse applications.
Exploring the recognition pathway at the human A2A adenosine receptor of the endogenous agonist adenosine using supervised molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Sabbadin Davide , Ciancetta Antonella , Deganutti Giuseppe , Cuzzolin Alberto , Moro Stefano
Published: April 2015

The putative adenosine-hA2A AR recognition pathway is suggested by a series of Supervised Molecular Dynamics (SuMD) simulations.
Novel indole-based sigma-2 receptor ligands: synthesis, structure–affinity relationship and antiproliferative activity
Authors: Xie Fang , Kniess Torsten , Neuber Christin , Deuther-Conrad Winnie , Mamat Constantin , Lieberman Brian P. , Liu Boli , Mach Robert H. , Brust Peter , Steinbach Jörg , Pietzsch Jens , Jia Hongmei
Published: April 2015

Novel sigma-2 ligand 1b induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest in DU145 cells and displayed antiproliferative activity.
Characterization of zinc uptake by mouse primary cultured astrocytes and microglia
Authors: Segawa Shohei , Tatsumi Nao , Ohishi Akihiro , Nishida Kentaro , Nagasawa Kazuki
Published: April 2015

To elucidate the regulatory mechanism for extracellular zinc in the CNS, we examined the zinc uptake characteristics in mouse astrocytes and microglia. Zinc was taken up into the two cell types time-dependently, and the cell-to-medium concentration (C/M) ratio in the initial uptake phase in astrocytes was significantly smaller than that in microglia, while in the steady state phase, there was no difference in their C/M ratios. In both astrocytes and microglia, the zinc uptake was mediated, at least in part, by high- and low-affinity systems. There were no differences for both in the Km values for zinc uptake between astrocytes and microglia, and those for the low-affinity system in both cell types were the same as that for mouse ZIP1 reported previously. On the other hand, the Vmax values for both systems were greater in microglia than in astrocytes. Among ZIP isoforms, expression of ZIP1 was high in astrocytes and microglia. Nickel, a competitive inhibitor of ZIP1, and ZIP1 knock-down decreased zinc uptake by both types of cells. Overall, it is demonstrated that astrocytes and microglia had a similar uptake system for zinc including ZIP1, and the differences found in their uptake profiles imply that they play different roles in the regulation of extracellular zinc to maintain brain homeostasis.
Absolute asymmetric synthesis of five-coordinate complexes
Authors: Lennartson Anders , Håkansson Mikael
Published: April 2015

Three examples of optical resolution of five-coordinate complexes displaying only achiral mono- or bidentate ligands are reported.
MOF-derived, N-doped, hierarchically porous carbon sponges as immobilizers to confine selenium as cathodes for Li–Se batteries with superior storage capacity and perfect cycling stability
Authors: Li Zhaoqiang , Yin Longwei
Published: April 2015

Linear selenium molecules are highly dispersed in the micropores of MOF-derived, nitrogen-doped carbon sponges, exhibiting outstanding Li–Se electrochemical performance.
An organic approach for nanostructured multiferroics
Authors: Qin Wei , Xu Beibei , Ren Shenqiang
Published: April 2015

Multiferroics are materials that simultaneously exhibit more than one ferroic order parameters, such as ferroelectricity, ferroelasticity and ferromagnetism.
Atomic-scale dynamics of triangular hole growth in monolayer hexagonal boron nitride under electron irradiation
Authors: Ryu Gyeong Hee , Park Hyo Ju , Ryou Junga , Park Jinwoo , Lee Jongyeong , Kim Gwangwoo , Shin Hyeon Suk , Bielawski Christopher W. , Ruoff Rodney S. , Hong Suklyun , Lee Zonghoon
Published: April 2015

The production of holes by electron beam irradiation in hexagonal boron nitride is monitored over time using atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy.
B-doped 3C-SiC nanowires with a finned microstructure for efficient visible light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Yang Tao , Chang Xiwang , Chen Junhong , Chou Kuo-Chih , Hou Xinmei
Published: April 2015

B-doped 3C-SiC nanowires with a finned microstructure have been synthesized. Due to the smaller band gap, the finned microstructure, and the single crystalline nature, the B-doped 3C-SiC nanowires demonstrate efficient activity as high as 108.4 μmol h−1g−1for H2production.
NaV3O8 nanosheet@polypyrrole core–shell composites with good electrochemical performance as cathodes for Na-ion batteries
Authors: Kang Hongyan , Liu Yongchang , Shang Minghui , Lu Tianyu , Wang Yijing , Jiao Lifang
Published: April 2015

A novel NaV3O8 nanosheet@polypyrrole core–shell composite is prepared with good electrochemical performance as a cathode for Na-ion batteries.
Targeting intracellular bacteria with an extended cationic amphiphilic polyproline helix
Authors: Nepal Manish , Thangamani Shankar , Seleem Mohamed N. , Chmielewski Jean
Published: April 2015

Eradicating pathogenic bacteria that reside within mammalian cells is currently quite difficult. Herein we describe an agent with the dual properties of efficient mammalian cell penetration and potent antibacterial activity. Significantly, these activities can be combined to target pathogenic bacteria within macrophages.
Carbonic anhydrase II as host protein for the creation of a biocompatible artificial metathesase
Authors: Zhao Jingming , Kajetanowicz Anna , Ward Thomas R.
Published: April 2015

We report an efficient artificial metathesase which combines an arylsulfonamide anchor within the protein scaffold human carbonic anhydrase II.
Novel aligned sodium vanadate nanowire arrays for high-performance lithium-ion battery electrodes
Authors: Cao Yunhe , Fang Dong , Wang Chang , Li Licheng , Xu Weilin , Luo Zhiping , Liu Xiaoqing , Xiong Chuanxi , Liu Suqin
Published: April 2015

One-dimensional (1D) Na5V15O32nanowire arrays have been fabricated which exhibit remarkable electrochemical performances in secondary organic lithium batteries.
Microporous activated carbon from pinewood and wheat straw by microwave-assisted KOH treatment for the adsorption of toluene and acetone vapors
Authors: Mao Haiyan , Zhou Dingguo , Hashisho Zaher , Wang Sunguo , Chen Heng , Wang Haiyan (Helena) , Lashaki Masoud Jahandar
Published: April 2015

Pore size distribution of raw char, pinewood char activated with KOH/char mass ratios 0.5, 1.5 and 3.0 was explored.
Rational design of Au nanorods assemblies for highly sensitive and selective SERS detection of prostate specific antigen
Authors: Yang An-qi , Wang Dong , Wang Xiang , Han Yu , Ke Xue-bin , Wang Hong-jun , Zhou Xi , Ren Lei
Published: April 2015

A simple SERS immunosensor based on AuNRs assembly was developed for rapid detection of specific antigen in early diagnostics.
Synthesis, nanostructure evaluation and tunable anomalous 3D hopping transport of manganese ferrite encapsulated poly[3,4-(ethylenedioxy)thiophene] decorated graphene layer
Authors: Nandi Debabrata , Maity Arjun
Published: April 2015

A straightforward novel synthetic approach of manganese ferrite encapsulated poly[3,4-(ethylenedioxy)thiophene] nanocomposite decorated on a graphene layer (NIPG) is engineered assisted by dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid as surfactant.
Synthesis and properties poly(arylene ether sulfone)s with pendant hyper-sulfonic acid
Authors: Pang Jinhui , Feng Sinan , Zhang Haibo , Jiang Zhenhua , Wang Guibin
Published: April 2015

A novel poly(arylene ether sulfone)s with pendant multiple sulfonic acid groups on aromatic side chains was prepared by graft method, they displayed high proton conductivity and good dimensional stability.
Smart cleaning cotton fabrics cross-linked with thermo-responsive and flexible poly(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxyethyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol methacrylate)
Authors: Zhong Q. , Chen Y. Y. , Guan S. L. , Fang Q. S. , Chen T. , Müller-Buschbaum P. , Wang J. P.
Published: April 2015

The smart cleaning ability of cotton fabrics is realized by cross-linking thermo-responsive random copolymer to the cotton.
Visible light induced enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in aqueous media using Ag doped hollow TiO2nanospheres
Authors: Boxi Siddhartha Sankar , Paria Santanu
Published: April 2015

Visible light induced photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds using silver doped hollow TiO2nano-catalyst.