bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute Coronary Stent Thrombosis: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Laudari Shankar , Yadav Krishna , Yadav Kamlesh , Yadav Rachit , Ghimire Raksha
Published: December 2024

Coronary stent thrombosis is an uncommon but potentially catastrophic complication of percutaneous coronary intervention, which can result in acute myocardial infarction and often death. The most consistent predictive factors include premature discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy, the extent of coronary disease, and stent number/length. We present a case of acute stent thrombosis in a patient with Acute Myocardial infarction undergoing Coronary Angiolplasty which occured within half an hour of stents placement along with a review of the literature
Spectrum of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Cardiology Unit of Bharatpur Hospital
Authors: Gautam Mani Prasad , Bhattarai Surakshya , Kandel Sanjog , Panjiyar Rajesh , Shrestha Bishal
Published: December 2024

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and its burden is on rise. CVDs encompass a range of disorders, including ischemic heart disease, valvular heart diseases, heart failure, arrhythmias, and hypertensive heart disease. Understanding the patterns of CVDs in our setting, where advanced interventional care is unavailable, can inform strategies for improving patient care, optimizing resources, and guiding healthcare policy. The study aimed to evaluate the spectrum of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in the cardiology unit of Bharatpur Hospital.Methods: A retrospective observational study was designed and conducted at the cardiology unit of Bharatpur Hospital from September 1, 2023, to August 31, 2024. A total of 294 subjects were included in the study. Data were collected from hospital records and cardiovascular conditions were categorized into major groups: heart failure, ischemic heart disease, valvular heart diseases, arrhythmias, hypertensive heart disease. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, with continuous variables summarized as means and standard deviations, and categorical variables presented as frequencies and percentages.. Results: Mean ±SD of age was 65.2± 12.8 years. Hypertension (40.14%), diabetes mellitus (29.93%), and smoking (25.17%) were the common comorbidities. Among cardiovascular conditions, heart failure was the commonest (46.60% )followed by ischemic heart Disease (18.03%), valvular heart disease ((16.33%) and hypertensive heart disease: (6.46% ). Arrhythmias was noted in 6.12% with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia as the commonest one. In-hospital mortality was 6.12%, highest in those with decompensated heart failure and advanced valvular heart disease. Conclusion: The study highlights the significant burden of heart failure, ischemic heart disease and valvular heart disease in cardiology unit. Other less common conditions included hypertensive heart disease and arrhythmias. The study emphasizes the need for improving cardiovascular disease management, advocating for the establishment of advanced interventional cardiology facilitiesand better management strategies for chronic risk factors.
Hypocalcemia and Anemia in Pregnancy: A Hospital Based Study in Jumla, Nepal
Authors: Shah Tirtha Narayan , Gurung Sonam , Koirala Sagar
Published: December 2024

Background Hypocalcemia is a condition where the serum calcium is below the optimum level. Calcium supplements demand increases in pregnancy. Some complications of pregnancy may be associated with lower serum calcium level e.g. pre-eclampsia during pregnancy, low birth weight, preterm delivery, and neonatal death. Iron deficiency in pregnant women is a cause of anemia and predisposes women to urinary tract infections, low birth weight of newborns and a higher risk of premature birth.
Methods This is an observational, descriptive, prospective study which was done after the IRC approval. Blood samples were obtained from the pregnant women in their routine antenatal check-up and serum total calcium and hemoglobin were estimated by O – Cresolphthalein Complexone (OCPC) method and Cyanmethemoglobin method respectively. Initially the data were recorded in MS-Excel 2007 and analyzed by SPSS16. Level of significance was defined at p<0.05 at 95% confidence interval.
Results There were 280 participants in this study with age varying from 19 to 40 and the median age was 24 years. 68.2% of it had hypocalcemia and 11.8% had anemia.
Conclusions Hypocalcemia and anemia alone or together is a severe condition during pregnancy. Enhancing dietary calcium and iron intake together with knowledge and awareness during pregnancy could mitigate the high prevalence of hypocalcemia and anemia, thereby improving maternal and fetal outcomes.
Prevalence of Thyroid Disorders in the Patient Visiting Tertiary Care Hospital in Jhapa District, Nepal
Authors: Sinha Amar Kumar , Shah Tirtha Narayan , Rai Ujwal
Published: December 2024

Background Thyroid dysfunction is a leading global endocrine disorder, affecting 30-40% of endocrine patients. Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism, growth, and cardiovascular health. Both hyper- and hypothyroidism are linked to serious health issues. Undiagnosed cases are common, with 42 million affected in India. Screening programs, especially for women, are vital for early detection and treatment.
Methods This is a prospective hospital based study was conducted in the central laboratory at B&CMedical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre Birtamode, Jhapa from March 2022 to January 2023.Venous Blood samples was collected and fT3,fT4 and TSH was estimated by Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) method using Backman Coulter Access 2 analyser. Thyroid statuses were categorized as euthyroid, hypothyroid, subclinical hypothyroid, hyperthyroid, and subclinical hyperthyroid based on test results.
Results The most common thyroid disorder in female was sub-clinical hypothyroidism (14.7%) and the least common was hypothyroidism (0.8%). The most common thyroid disorders  was sub-clinical hypothyroidism (11.8%) and the least common was hypothyroidism (1.2%) in male. Among the thyroid disorders, subclinical hypothyroidism was most prevalent in all the age groups. Hyperthyroidism and its subclinical type (0.6%) were the least prevalent in the age group less than 15 years.
Conclusions The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was more significant and it increased with the age. Cross-sectional study comparing with different etiological factors like stress levels, geographic, environment, auto immunity, drugs, iodine status etc. may be required.
Effect of Vitamin B12 Deficiency on Thyroid Function Tests Among Adults Visiting Tertiary Health Care Centre in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Nisha , Mukhopadhyay Soumitra , Limbu Rekha , Chaudhary Prabesh Kumar , Shah Surendra Prasad , Das Pawan Kumar Lal
Published: December 2024

Background Vitamin B12 deficiency is commonly observed in hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis. Low vitamin B12 can disrupt thyroid function. Though the prevalence of this deficiency has been documented in various regions of Nepal, studies in Eastern Nepal are limited. The objective of this study was to assess the percentage distribution of vitamin B12 deficiency among adults visiting the tertiary health care centre in Eastern Nepal and to find out the effect of vitamin B12 deficiency on thyroid function test.
Methods This study, conducted at Nobel Medical College from January 2022 to December 2023, was cross-sectional in design and included 379 patients. Subjects underwent general health check-ups, including Vitamin B12 and thyroid function tests. Descriptive analysis was performed, and Pearson’s correlation assessed the relationship between vitamin B12 levels and thyroid hormones. Independent t-tests compared hormone levels between groups. P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results The vitamin B12 status distribution was as follows: 62.5% normal (>300pg/ml), 18.2% borderline deficient (200-300pg/ml), and 19.3% deficient (<200pg/ml). Prevalence was higher among females. Group II subjects (vitamin B12 <300pg/dl) had significantly lower mean free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels (2.82±0.742 vs. 3.14±0.49 pg/mL, p=0.003) and higher mean thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (4.69±3.56 vs. 2.55±1.47 mIU/L, p<0.001) compared to group I (B12 >300pg/ml). Vitamin B12 showed a negative correlation with TSH (p=0.013).
Conclusion The study indicates a decrease in FT3 levels and an increase in TSH levels among those with vitamin B12 deficiency or borderline cases
Role of Enterococcus Fecalis in Endodontic Treatment Failure
Authors: Anand Priyanka , Kasarla Rajeshwar Reddy
Published: December 2024

Endodontic treatment is generally an effective and safe treatment with a high success rate, but failure may occur in many cases. The main reason for endodontic failure is attributed to the presence of some bacteria inside the root canal system such as Enterococcus faecalis.  This article reviews and summarizes the different conditions and attributes that make E.faecalis a potential threat in endodontic treatment failure.
Spontaneous Vulvar Hematoma in Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Shrestha Salina , Shrestha Salina , Lama Jyoti Bhaju , Neupane Sujata Khadka , Mahato Suruchi , Gurung Saraswati
Published: December 2024

Spontaneous vulvar hematoma is a rare occurrence during pregnancy but can be seen as an uncommon complication of childbirth or may present after traumatic injury. Here we present a case of a 19-year-old female with a vulvar hematoma who presented with complaints of vulvar swelling and pain with no preceding traumatic event at 32 weeks of pregnancy. The diagnosis was made through physical examination and radiological evaluation. Due to increasing size and unbearable pain, surgical evacuation of the hematoma along with blood transfusion was done. The postoperative period was uneventful, vulval swelling resolved, and she was discharged on the 4th postoperative day.
Emotional Experiences and its Influence on Identity Construction: English Language Teachers’ Narratives
Authors: Neupane Bharat Prasad
Published: December 2024

Teacher emotion is a relatively less explored area in the context of English language  education research in general and teacher professional identity in particular. This study reports the emotional experiences of four secondary-level English language teachers from public schools in Nepal, exploring their life stories through informal conversations and in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis of their life stories indicated that as a roller coaster ride, teachers underwent positive, happy, and exciting moments to negative emotional experiences like sadness, dissatisfaction, humiliation, and vulnerability influencing their becoming. Vulnerability emerged as significant motif in their stories, which, though generally considered a negative emotion, immensely contributed to teachers’ development. In addition, emotional attachment with students, colleagues, and school; compliment and appreciation by colleagues,parents, and students; and students’ success and satisfaction enhanced self-esteem and commitment to teaching, positively contributing to identity construction. In contrast, sad and depressing moments arising from students’ disruptive behaviour, exclusion of teachers in crucial decision-making, and misrepresentation and misrecognition of their contributions by seniors and administrators in their discourses posed a crisis on their identity, stimulating feelings like quitting the job. The study’s findings implied an urge to pay due consideration to the affective dimension of teachers by policymakers and administrators for their professional development and identity construction, thereby enhancing students’ learning outcomes.
Correction Codes: A Tool for Enhancing Writing Qualities
Authors: Thakur Rameshwar
Published: December 2024

Writing is essential for documenting ideas, feelings and information. Students submit assigned tasks in written forms, which teachers mark for errors using codes to prevent their recurrence in the future. The symbols teachers use to provide written feedback should help improve student writing. However, most students’ fail to understand such symbols. Consequently, they pay less attention to the feedback, and continue to make similar mistakes in their subsequent writings. This qualitative study aimed to explore various forms of codes used by 10 English language teachers teaching in grades 11/12 in diff erent schools in Kavrepalanchok district of Bagmati Province. The study found that students did not understand most of the correction codes used by teachers, nor did they contact the teachers morever for clarifi cation. This lack of interaction hindered the eff ectiveness of these codes in improving writing. Teachers did not orient students about such codes, and most students did not seek help to understand them. It was recommended that the teacher use context-based techniques for scoring and providing written corrective feedback.
ChatGPT’s Impact on Students’ Writing: Lessons Learned from Nepali Undergraduate Students
Authors: Sherma Ammar Bahadur
Published: December 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly evolved and is widely applied across various sectors, including education. The advent of ChatGPT has generated interest among users and researchers. Some express concerns about student dependency, while others advocate its incorporation into education due to its growing indispensability. ChatGPT   offers a platform for students to address difficult theoretical questions and generate ideas for application-based questions. A study was conducted to understand  undergraduate students’ perceptions of Chat GPT’s usefulness in academic writing and explore its potential in Nepali education. Using a mixed-method approach, data was gathered through a structured questionnaire distributed online via Messenger and email. The respondents, 64 Nepali students pursuing undergraduate degrees in Nepal and abroad, answered six questions: 5 questions were structured, and 1 question was unstructured. The study revealed that most students found ChatGPT easy to use and beneficial for idea generation, rephrasing, and correcting grammatical errors. However, concerns about dependency and its impact on creativity were noted. While ChatGPT is a valuable tool for enhancing writing skills, a balanced approach is necessary to leverage AI’s capabilities while fostering independent thinking. Further research is recommended to explore long-term impacts and effective integration strategies in education.
Exploring and Addressing Factors Contributing to Reading Proficiency Differences: Teachers’ Perspectives
Authors: Dhakal Basanta Raj
Published: December 2024

Proficient reading is fundamental to succeed in all academic success. However, there are significant reading proficiency differences among secondary level students in Nepal. This article identifies a multitude of factors contributing to reading proficiency differences and teacher strategies in the classroom to mitigate these differences. By using a qualitative case study design, two secondary level English teachers in Kathmandu were interviewed to explore their experiences with students who exhibit varied reading profiles. Thematic analysis of data revealed three categories of factors influencing reading proficiency differences among students: reader factors, home literacy environment, and text factors. Moreover, teachers employed a number of strategies to address reading disparities among students. These strategies include: differentiated instruction, explicit instruction, fostering motivation and interest, creating a learning environment, building background knowledge, addressing anxiety, and promoting self-efficacy.
Eight Levels of writing problems: Critical Examination of Research Findings Putting Them into Practice
Authors: Nepal Arun
Published: December 2024

This article critically examines the findings of the large-scale action research that identified eight levels of writing problems faced by Bachelor’s first-year students. The same writing problems are examined, putting them into practice after a year of the completion of the action research. The aim was to measure their credibility and trustworthiness in a natural classroom setting, which was identical to the action research. The research context for both studies was also similar except for the participants. The participants were also selected purposefully, and the data were collected through tests in both studies. The tests were administered among the twelve students in the action research and the thirteen students in this study. The findings indicated that the participants in both studies faced the eight levels of writing problems, and three writing problems, namely sentence level (SL), paragraph level (PL)and full body level (FBL) were found more difficult for almost all of them. Thus, this article further justified the need to involve students in writing processes as a part of their academic life to help them develop writing skills and achieve academic success.
English Language Teaching Problems in Nepal: Teachers’ Perspectives
Authors: Bhandari Bhim Lal , Bhandari Sabina
Published: December 2024

This paper, using the narrative inquiry method, explores English language teachers' perspectives on English Language Teaching (ELT) problems in Nepal. For this purpose, four English language instructors from four community schools located in the Rupandehi area were purposively chosen. The data were collected using semi structured interviews, and the analysis of the data was made using thematic analysis. The findings show that the mixed ability classrooms, unprepared and over-loaded teachers with low payment, poor infrastructure and resource limitations and lack of implementation of the education policy were the major challenges teachers face in ELT practices. The study implies that it can contribute to a better understanding of English teachers’ teaching problems in Nepal to minimize problems and enhance a better learning environment.
Reflections on a la Carte Issues in English Language Teaching
Authors: Patil Z N
Published: December 2024

I have taught English literature, English language, and linguistics for fifty years now. My experience as a teacher, teacher trainer, and researcher has given me some personalized insights into issues such as the difference between teaching children and teaching adults, the evolution of the author of this paper as a teacher, the role of technology in teaching, paradigm shifts in English language teaching, the deterioration in the quality of research, the perceptions of the role of the mother tongue, the impact of the linguistic hegemony on English language teaching, and the literature-language divide. The present paper attempts to understand the influence of these issueson language policy, language teaching, language learning, materials production, evaluation, assessment, etc.
‘Research Methods in Education’ A Valuable Companion for Researchers and Educators
Authors: Lamsal Hiranya Lal
Published: December 2024

N/A
Leadership Dynamics and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Banking Sector: An Essence of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles
Authors: Chaudhary Manoj Kumar , Neupane Krishna , Dhungana Madan
Published: December 2024

Focusing on transformational and transactional leadership, the study investigates how leadership styles affect organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in Nepal's banking industry. Fostering OCB, essential in fiercely competitive industries like banking, requires strong leadership. Despite its importance, this relationship has not received much attention in the Nepalese context. Data was gathered quantitatively from 278 officers and assistants working for six commercial banks. Transformational and transactional leadership and the organizational (OCBO) and individual (OCBI) aspects of OCB were assessed using a structured questionnaire. The results show that, whereas transactional leadership has a smaller, non-significant effect, transformational leadership has a significant, positive correlation with both OCBI and OCBO. By encouraging motivation, teamwork, and dedication, transformational leaders encourage staff members to go above and beyond their assigned duties, which improves OCB. On the other hand, transactional leadership, which emphasizes performance and rewards, has little impact on OCB. These findings support earlier research and highlight the importance of transformational leadership in encouraging proactive employee conduct. Among the limitations that affect generalizability are the sample size and the reliance on self-reported data.  Future studies should examine various industries, include more leadership philosophies, and examine mediating elements such as corporate culture. These observations can help firms implement leadership techniques to improve worker performance and engagement.
Knowledge, Perceptions and Practices Regarding Menstrual Hygiene among Students
Authors: Jatal Manika , Chaudhary Neha
Published: December 2024

Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is a critical aspect of public health, especially for adolescent students. This study investigates the knowledge, perceptions, and practices regarding menstrual hygiene among students. Menstrual hygiene is a critical aspect of health and well-being, yet it remains a taboo topic in many cultures, affecting the knowledge, perceptions, and practices of individuals, particularly students. This study aims to explore and analyze the knowledge, perceptions, and practices regarding menstrual hygiene among students. Through a comprehensive literature review and a structured survey, this research investigates the awareness levels, cultural and societal influences, and hygiene practices adopted by students during menstruation. The findings reveal significant gaps in knowledge, influenced by socio-cultural norms and educational disparities, which impact the perceptions and practices of menstrual hygiene. The study highlights the need for improved educational interventions and policy changes to promote better menstrual hygiene management, ensuring a healthier and more supportive environment for students. The implications of this research extend to public health policies, educational curricula, and community programs aimed at enhancing menstrual hygiene awareness and practices among the youth. Findings suggest that while there is a general awareness of menstrual hygiene, significant gaps persist in knowledge and practices, often exacerbated by cultural taboos and inadequate resources. The study highlights the need for comprehensive education programs and improved facilities to support menstrual health, ultimately advocating for policies that address these gaps to enhance the quality of life and educational outcomes for female.
Parenting Styles and Its Impact on Emerging Adults in Nepal
Authors: Bhattrai Namrata
Published: December 2024

This study investigates gender variations in parenting practices and how they affect the resilience of emerging adults in Nepal. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional methodology, data were obtained from 565 participants aged 18-28 from Kathmandu colleges using proportional stratified random sampling. To ensure clarity, standardized measures such as the Parenting Inventory II, Adult Wellbeing Assessment, and Brief Resilience Scale were administered online in both Nepali and English from January to May 2023. The data suggest that responsive parenting and autonomy-granting greatly contribute to resilience, whereas demandingness has no noticeable impact. Gender differences were minimal, with males expressing somewhat more autonomy than females. These results emphasize the importance of responsive and autonomy-supportive parenting practices in fostering resilience among emerging adults.
Adoption and Trust in QR Code Technology: Insights from Kathmandu
Authors: Dhamala Manisha
Published: December 2024

The rapid advancement of technology has revolutionized payment methods globally, and QR (Quick Response) codes have emerged as a pivotal tool in this transformation. Originating in 1994 for inventory management, QR codes have extended their utility to various sectors, including retail, marketing, logistics, and education. In Nepal, the adoption of QR codes gained momentum during the COVID-19 pandemic as a contactless payment method, enhancing convenience and safety for consumers. Despite the growing popularity of QR codes, limited research has been conducted on their usage, especially in the context of developing countries like Nepal. This study aims to examine the factors influencing QR code usage in Kathmandu Valley, focusing on user perceptions, behavior, and adoption patterns. Employing a descriptive research design, primary data was collected through structured questionnaires administered to 124 respondents aged 18 and above, using convenience sampling. The data was analyzed using SPSS, with descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation employed to evaluate respondents' attitudes and behaviors toward QR code usage. The findings revealed that the majority of respondents had a positive view of QR codes, with a significant portion using them for payments within the past six months. Younger age groups and students constituted the largest demographic among users, underscoring the influence of digital-savvy generations on the adoption of technology. Key factors influencing usage included convenience, time-saving benefits, and ease of use, though concerns about privacy and security persisted. The study concludes that QR codes have significantly impacted payment systems in Kathmandu, providing insights for businesses, marketers, and policymakers to enhance user experience and address security concerns. Novelty lies in its contribution to understanding QR code adoption in a developing country, offering valuable perspectives and practical implications for stakeholders and setting the foundation for future research in this domain.
Perceived Impact of Social Media on Students’ Health Conditions in Pokhara Valley
Authors: Subedi Chudamani , Upadhyay Thakur
Published: December 2024

The pervasive use of social media (SM) technology has brought both negative and positive impacts on health conditions among college students. This study attempts to analyse the impacts of SM on the students’ physical and mental health in Pokhara valley. Descriptive statistical tools as well as multiple regression models were applied to analyse the impacts. It showed that majority of students used Facebook, YouTube and Instagram as SM platforms for various communication and entertainment purposes. On average, the SM usage time that includes all the media types was about eight hours per day, and there was a significant difference of mean usage time between male and female students. There was a significant difference among different student groups regarding the rating on eating habit disorder due to SM. The findings suggested that the severity of impacts on the physical and mental health were significantly positively related with the SM usage time, implying that the more the students engage on SM the worse the impacts on their health conditions. However, the study also pointed out that there were positive mental health benefits in terms of SM’s role to make the social connectedness better and make them feel good about finding the right information on SM. The overall finding of the study was that the SM usage time, especially for entertainment purpose, needs to be checked for reducing the negative health impacts. However, the usefulness of SM in terms of enhanced social connectedness and finding useful information on the SM sites cannot be underestimated.
Evaluation of Ambient Air Quality and Health Risk Awareness in Vulnerable Workplaces of Pokhara City, Nepal
Authors: Regmi Jeevan , Poudel Resham , Baral Raj Kumar , Budha Magar Jharana , Adhikari Subash , Khanal Lekha Nath
Published: December 2024

The ambient air pollution in workplaces poses adverse effects on the health of individuals, which in turn directly affects the competence of the workers and overall productivity. Rapid urbanization, vehicle emissions, factory exhausts, cooking, and the burning of agricultural and domestic waste in growing cities are the major contributors to air pollution, which is harming the health of occupants. The purpose of this study is to assess the levels of particulate matter, the degree of awareness, preventive measures, and the health status of workers at the vulnerable workplaces in Pokhara, Nepal. We assessed the concentration of particulate matter in workstations using a portable pollution meter and carried out a detailed survey with the employees during the peak pollution season in April 2024. The results reveal that the average PM2.5 level at the sampling site (201.4 µg/m³) significantly exceeds the safe pollution threshold of annual average 35 µg/m³ and 24-hour average of 75 µg/m³ set by the World Health Organization (WHO) whereas the interim target is to reduce to 25 µg/m³ annually and 50 µg/m³ daily average. A comprehensive survey conducted at 10 randomly selected sites revealed that most workers are engaged without sufficient awareness, precautionary measures, health care services, or emergency requirements. The findings of this study highlight the necessity for public awareness and consolidate the importance of communal efforts to endorse a safe environment and healthy working conditions for sustainable urban development.
From Tourism Capital to Smart City: A Strategic Framework for Sustainable Tourism in Pokhara
Authors: Khatri Shanta Kumari , Upadhyay Rajeev , Baral Samir , Regmi Sabitri Devi , Sigdel Narayani
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the tourism landscape of Pokhara Metropolitan City, a key destination in Nepal, to explore its transition into a smart city through sustainable tourism practices. Specifically, it aims to analyze tourist perceptions, assess the quality of infrastructure, and identify development opportunities in less frequented areas. The objectives of this study are to assess tourist perceptions, analyze the quality of tourism-related infrastructure, and identify development opportunities in less explored areas like Damside, Begnastal, and Pumdikot. By integrating technology and sustainability, this study seeks to present a strategic framework to enhance Pokhara’s tourism potential. The methodology employs a mixed-methods approach, utilizing an exploratory sequential design that begins with qualitative insights gathered through interviews with key stakeholders, followed by quantitative surveys administered to tourists and residents. Findings reveal Lakeside as the most popular area, while places like Begnastal, Damside, and Pumdikot have untapped potential. The study emphasizes sustainable infrastructure and technology integration to enhance public transportation, electronic payment systems, and overall tourist satisfaction. Statistical analysis confirms the significant relationships between tourists’ perceptions of service quality and accommodation facilities, highlighting the need for improved lodging options and pedestrian-friendly streets to elevate Pokhara's appeal.
Teachings of Shrimad Bhagavad Gita to Modern Education: Exploring Life Lessons
Authors: Subedi Ram Prasad
Published: December 2024

The main purpose of this paper is to explore life lessons through the teachings of Shrimad Bhagavad Gita, which can be helpful for modern education. The Shrimad Bhagavad Gita is knowledge in the form of a song sung from the battleground in the twenty-fifth to forty-second chapters of the Bhishma Parva of the Mahabharata. It has been sung in seven hundred verses as God-given knowledge. The Shrimad Bhagavad Gita has 645 Anushtup and 55 Tristup verses and 23066 letters. All of them are divided into the eighteen chapters. All the verses are educational for life and the world. To explore life lessons through the teachings of Shrimad Bhagavad Gita, four teachers, two former teachers, one current teacher, one retired teacher and the principals of Kedareshwor and Bindabasini temple with each one student have been interviewed. A total of eight people filled the questionnaire. Thus, data were collected by interviewing five members of the Shrimad Bhagavad Gita study group and one former Sanskrit teacher. Analyzing the obtained data, everyone was of the opinion that the knowledge of Shrimad Bhagavad Gita is an indispensable tool for today's newly literate people. Everyone is of the same opinion that there is a suitable and effective teaching method given by Shri Krishna to Arjuna and if it is used in the classroom, it can make the classroom more productive and change the behavior of students. The study concludes that if today's teachers also identify this method and use it in the classroom, education and classroom teaching in schools will be effective and the relationship between Shrimad Bhagavad Gita and modern education can be established.
सिद्घिचरण श्रेष्ठको उर्वशी खण्डकाव्यमा उर्वशी पात्रको जीवभावीय स्वरूप [Urvashi Character’s Worldly Desires in Siddhicharan Shrestha’s Epic Urvashi]
Authors: [Bodha Raj Dhakal] बोधराज ढकाल , [Ishwor Ghimire] ईश्वर घिमिरे , [Gyaneshwor Subedi] ज्ञानेश्वर सुबेदी
Published: December 2024

उर्वशी खण्डकाव्यमा उर्वशी पात्रको जीवभावीय स्वरूपको विश्लेषण गर्ने उद्देश्यले यस अनुसन्धानात्मक लेख तयार गरिएको हो । यस लेखको अध्ययनको प्रमुख क्षेत्रका रूपमा सिद्घिचरण श्रेष्ठको उर्वशी खण्डकाव्य रहेको छ । यस अध्ययनको समस्याका रूपमा उर्वशी खण्डकाव्यमा उर्वशी पात्रको जीवभावीय स्वरूपलाई लिइएको छ । उर्वशी खण्डकाव्यमा उर्वशी पात्रको जीवभावीय स्वरूप कस्तो रहेको छ यस जिज्ञासालाई यस अध्ययनमा निरूपण गरिएको छ । व्यक्तिमा जीवभाव प्रबल हुँदा उसले सांसारिक जीवनलाई नै शाश्वत मान्दै सांसारिक विषयभोग र देहेन्द्रिय सुखका निम्ति जस्तोसुकै कृत्य गर्न पनि पछि पर्दैन भन्ने योग र वेदान्त दर्शनका मान्यतालाई यस अध्ययनको विश्लेषणका लागि सैद्धान्तिक आधार बनाइएको छ । गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान ढाँचाको यस लेखमा व्यक्तिमा जीवभाव प्रबल भएपछि ऊ दैहिक सुखप्रति आसक्त हुन्छ भन्ने विषयलाई तत्वमीमांसाका रूपमा लिइएको छ । यस विषयलाई खण्डकाव्यमा प्रस्तुत काव्यांशलाई दृष्टान्त दिएर उर्वशीका व्रिmयाकलापमार्फत पुष्टि गरिएको छ । यिनै व्रिmयाकलापहरूको व्याख्यापरक विधिमार्फत विश्लेषण गरी ज्ञान निर्माण गरिएको छ । उद्देश्यमूलक नमुना छनौट विधिको प्रयोग गरी प्राथमिक र द्वितीयक स्रोतका सामग्रीबाट प्राप्त तथ्य एवम् प्रमाणका आधारमा उर्वशीमा रहेको जीवभावीय स्वरूपको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । खण्डकाव्यकी प्रमुख पात्र उर्वशीमा जीवभाव प्रबल रहेको र चित्तवृत्ति एवम् अविद्यात्मक चेतका कारण विषयवासना र दैहिक सुखभोगका निम्ति उनले अर्जुनका सामु अनेक रागात्मक कृत्य देखाएकी हुन् भन्ने निष्कर्ष यस अनुसन्धनात्मक लेखको रहेको छ । [This paper is prepared to analyze the worldly desires of Urvashi character in Siddhicharan Shrestha’s epic Urvashi. In the paper, the main issue of the epic is Urvashi’s worldly desires that include the physical and bodily pleasures. The study has attempted to answer the question of the character of Urvashi regarding her development of wordly desires. As claimed by Yog and Vedanta philosophy, a person is ready to take any action when there is the prevalence of materialistic appetite and sexual longing in him or her that regards the worldly materials as reality. In this sense, the study is regarded as the metaphysics of life. Employing qualitative research design, the paper has considered the worldly desires as physical pleasures, which add knowledge to this area of study, using the interpretative phenomenological analysis. To address the issue of worldly desires in the text, the study has used purposive sampling method to collect data both through the primary and secondary sources of information. The paper concludes that Urvashi, the protagonist of the epic, has the prevalence of worldly desires and has shown her sensuality in front of Arjun for her material and physical satisfaction, which is the result of her instinctual and unconscious mind.]
A Critique of the Chinese Radical Net-Philosophy Community
Authors: Qian Zhongkai , Pun Ngai
Published: December 2024

This article delves into the dynamics of the Chinese net-philosophy community, a unique digital and radical subculture where young enthusiasts engage with philosophical ideas outside of traditional academic frameworks. We examine how radical knowledge was produced, validated, and circulated within these net communities, focusing on the aestheticisation of knowledge and its impact on political engagement. This study reveals how alternative intellectual pursuit in a digitalised pile of debris, where form and style prioritise over substance, synchronising ideas and actions leads to the opposite of its progressive politics. Reviewing the aestheticisation and alienation of knowledge, we examine the recurrence of establishing authority and status and the implication of aesthetic hierarchies and performative politics on the net community’s capacity for meaningful political action. Ultimately, we argue that while the aestheticisation of knowledge acknowledged a broader post-millennial youth spiritual crisis, the net-philosophy community was marked by a depoliticisation of intellectual debates and the failure of political engagement in digital spaces.
Analisis Volatilitas Harga Komoditas Telur Ayam Ras di Provinsi Jawa Timur
Authors: Marzuqi Muhammad Ariq , Hidayat Syarif Imam , Setiawan Risqi Firdaus
Published: December 2024

Provinsi Jawa Timur menjadi provinsi yang penting dalam mensuplai kebutuhan telur dalam negeri. Namun, pergerakan harga yang tidak stabil dan tidak dapat diperkirakan pada komoditas telur ayam ras akan menimbulkan resiko pada produsen, konsumen hingga keseimbangan ekonomi daerah lain.  Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat volatilitas harga dan melakukan proyeksi harga telur ayam ras di Jawa Timur pada tingkat produsen maupun konsumen. Untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian tersebut, Analisis model ARCH GARCH digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi volatilitas serta meramalkan pergerakan harga telur ayam ras dari tingkat konsumen hingga produsen. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwasanya 1) Volatilitas harga yang terjadi pada tingkat produsen menunjukan nilai yang tinggi sebesar 1,27092, sedangkan pada tingkat konsumen memiliki tingkat volatilitas yang rendah sebesar 0,5154. 2) Prediksi pergerekan harga telur ayam ras di tingkat produsen menunjukan nilai kenaikan rata – rata harga Rp52 hingga diprediksi menyentuh harga tertinggi Rp37.481, sedangkan pada tingkat produsen menujukan kenaikan rata – rata harga Rp2 hingga diprediksi menyentuh harga terendah Rp26.461. Hasil ini menunjukan bahwa harga telur ayam ras cenderung stabil di tingkat konsumen, tetapi mengalami fluktuasi signifikan di tingkat produsen. Oleh karena itu, diharapkan pemerintah daerah dapat merespons dengan cepat fluktuasi harga di tingkat produsen melalui kebijakan pengendalian harga
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN USAHATANI KOPI ARABIKA DI KECAMATAN RONGGUR NIHUTA KABUPATEN SAMOSIR
Authors: Ginting Albina , Nainggolan Hotden , Situmorang Nolima , Situmorang Echa , Simanjuntak Trinitatis
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mengetahui faktor internal dan eksternal  dalam pengembangan usahatani kopi arabika di Kecamatan Ronggur Nihuta Kabupaten samosir. 2) mengetahui strategi pengembangan usahatani kopi arabika di Kecamatan Ronggur Nihuta Kabupaten Samosir. Metode analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif melalui metode SWOT dengan melihat faktor-faktor internal dan eksternal usahatani kopi kemudian menyusun strategi dengan mengevaluasi kekuatan (strenghs), kelemahan (weakness), peluang (opportunities), dan ancaman(threats). Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa kekuatan pada pengembangan usahatani kopi arabika terdapat pada ketersediaan lahan, ketersedian bibit kopi, sarana dan prasarana yang mendukung usahatani, ketersediaan modal serta pengalaman bertani kopi. Peluang yang dimanfaatkan yaitu kondisi dan letak geografis, harga kopi stabil, ketersediaan pasar, peranan kelompok tani, serta permintaan kopi tinggi. Alternatif strategi pengembangan usahatani kopi arabika di Kecamatan Ronggur Nihuta yaitu memanfaatkan luas lahan seoptimal mungkin diikuti oleh peningkatan pengetahuan terhadap pemeliharaan kopi, penggunaan bibit unggul, pemanfaatan teknologi agar mampu meningkatkan produksi untuk memenuhi permintaan pasar. Untuk itu perlu peran penyuluh pertanian untuk mendampingi petani dalam hal pengenalan bibit unggul, teknologi dan informasi,  pemanfaatan pupuk organik, untuk pengembangan usahatani kopi, serta perlu penguatan kelompok tani dan lembaga koperasi untuk mendukung permodalan petani.
Peningkatan Daya Saing Kopi Arabika origin Timor Tengah Selatan
Authors: Setiawan Krisna , Tiri John Tibo Kana
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis daya saing kopi arabika origin TTS secara komparatif dan kompetitif serta merumuskan strategi yang tepat untuk meningkatkan daya saing kopi tersebut. Penentuan jumlah responden  menggunakan teknik quota sampling dan metode analisis data menggunakan Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) dan matriks SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kopi arabika origin TTS memiliki daya saing yang sangat tinggi dan sangat diprioritaskan untuk dikembangkan oleh pemerintah dan masyarakat setempat berdasarkan hasil analisis keuntungan privat dan keuntungan sosial serta analisis keunggulan kompetitif dan keunggulan komparatif yang semuanya (PP, SP, PCR, DRC) memberikan nilai positif sesuai kriteria penilaian daya saing. Dari hasil analisis matriks SWOT, diperoleh alternatif strategi yang dapat diterapkan dalam pengelolaan kopi arabika origin TTS yaitu: meningkatkan produksi kopi berkualitas dan mempertahankan keunikan citarasa, mengoptimalkan sistem pengelolaan lahan dan budidaya kopi yang tepat dengan meningkatkan kolaborasi, kerjasama dan kemitraan bersama dunia usaha, masyarakat dan institusi terkait seta meningkatkan promosi produk kopi asal TTS.
EVALUATION OF THE WASTE WATER TREATMENT INSTALLATION OF THE SELE BE SOLU REGIONAL PUBLIC HOSPITAL SORONG CITY
Authors: Dwangga Mierta , Asriadi Asriadi , Noor Irawan Mochammad Aziz
Published: December 2024

The Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is a system of hospital wastewater treatment designed based on the characteristics of waste water entering from several sources of waste discharge. The research location is at Sele Be Solu Regional Hospital, Sorong City, West Papua. The land owned by Sele Be Solu Regional Hospital is approximately 120,000 m2, and the number of beds is 158. This study uses laboratory tests to measure the quality of wastewater and the wastewater treatment plant. From the calculated results, the maximum discharge produced by Sele Be Solu Regional Hospital is 4343 m3/month. With the actual pollution load for the BOD parameters of 26.36 kg/month, COD of 157.98 kg/month, and TSS of 38,343 kg/month, all three are greater than the maximum pollution load allowed, namely for the BOD of 12,708 kg/month, COD of 105.9 kg/month, and TSS of 211.8 kg/month. The quality of wastewater from the Sele Be Solu Regional Hospital's wastewater treatment plant in 2017, which was tested by PT. Kehati Lab Indonesia, showed that all parameters met the quality standard requirements of the Minister of Environment Regulation Number P.68 of 2016. Meanwhile, the quality of processed wastewater in 2019 and 2021 showed that the parameters for Coli Group germs exceeded the permitted quality standards, while other parameters still meet the quality standards.
Ide dalam Dinamika Kebijakan Kekerasan Anak di Provinsi Lampung
Authors: Febriani Anita
Published: December 2024

Inevitably, policies to eliminate violence against children in Lampung Province often change. These changes lead to continuous efforts to make improvements. These changes were deemed necessary because the results achieved did not meet the desired expectations. Policies that continue to change cannot be separated from the basic ideas. Ideas will become basic guidelines for developing changes to existing policies. This is the main aim of this research. This research will look at the basic ideas that influence policy changes. This research does not look at the efforts or role of local stakeholders. This research attempts to look at the historical context to see and analyze the basic ideas behind the dynamics of policies to eliminate violence against children in Lampung Province so far.  The research results show that the idea of ​​the dynamics of policies to eliminate violence against children in Lampung Province was influenced by the 1989 Convention On The Rights Of The Child agreement.
Structural Analysis of Bappeda’s Role in Stunting Convergence Actions in Maluku Province
Authors: Nendissa Reghy Florencia , Purnomo Daru , Hadiwijoyo Suryo Sakti
Published: December 2024

Stunting can also be caused by problems with nutritional intake consumed during pregnancy and toddlerhood. Lack of maternal knowledge about health and nutrition before pregnancy, as well as the postpartum period, limited health services such as antenatal services, and postnatal services low access to nutritious food, and low access to sanitation and clean water are also causes of stunting. These very diverse multi-factors require the most decisive intervention, namely at 1000 HPK (the first 1000 days of life). Factors Causing stunting are also influenced by the mother's work, father's height, mother's height, income, number of household members, parenting, and exclusive breastfeeding, besides stunting is also caused by several other factors such as maternal education, maternal knowledge about nutrition, exclusive breastfeeding, MP-ASI age, zinc, and iron adequacy levels, history of infectious diseases and genetic factors. Bappeda serves as the primary sector, capable of coordinating the entire element. The study aims to 1) describe the stunting dynamics in Maluku Province, 2) describe the implementation of stunting convergence in Maluku Province, and 3) structurally analyze the role of Bappeda in stunting conversion action in Maluku Province using Anthony Giddens' structure theory. This type of research is qualitative descriptive and interviews are used to gather data. The results of this study show that the prevalence rate of stunting in Maluku Province in 2022 reached 26.1%, which means that the rate of prevalence of stopping in 2022 has decreased amounted to 2.6% of SSGI's results in 2021 which reached 28.7%. Bappeda as a sector leader in the implementation of convergence plays a role as a planner and director, as well as as a coordinator and facilitator in facilitating the achievement of the goal of preventing increased stunting cases. Bappeda strives for synergistic collaboration across actors and sectors, especially in massive comprehensive education and advocacy in districts/cities to implement their respective work programs more effectively and efficiently.
Analisis Proses Rekrutmen Anggota Komisi Independen Pemilihan Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang Tahun 2023
Authors: Ramadhan Wahyu Tio , Kusmanto Heri , GInting Bengkel
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini menganalisis proses rekrutmen anggota KIP Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang Tahun 2023 yang mengalami deadlock akibat konflik kepentingan antara Ketua DPRK Aceh Tamiang dan Komisi I DPRK Aceh Tamiang. Dengan menggunakan teori rekrutmen politik oleh Rush dan Althoff (1997) serta konsep Kekuatan Politik, penelitian ini mengkaji faktor-faktor penyebab deadlock dalam rekrutmen tersebut. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan informan yang terlibat, serta arsip rekrutmen di DPRK Aceh Tamiang, sementara data sekunder diperoleh dari buku, penelitian terdahulu, dan instrumen pendukung lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kontrol dan tuntutan berjalan kurang optimal karena dominasi kepentingan dan kekuatan politik, menyebabkan deadlock. Disarankan agar ada standar baku penilaian yang objektif dan penguatan regulasi melalui revisi Qanun Aceh tentang penyelenggara Pemilu, khususnya pasal 16, untuk mencegah deadlock akibat kepentingan politik.