bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finite element analysis of radial temperature of transmission conductor in low-temperature environment
Authors: Wang Ying , Gao Xiuyun , Hou Meng , Zhang Lingquan , Zhang Xiao
Published: July 2024

Most existing studies simplify conductors as isothermal cylinders, neglecting their actual structure and the inter-conductor contacts. This is especially problematic in regions like Northeast and Northwest China, where the conductors face harsh working environments due to significant seasonal temperature variations. Additionally, there is a lack of research under extreme low-temperature conditions. Considering these factors, a temperature field in low-temperature environments was established based on the heat conduction equation. A finite element model and a mathematical model for the transmission conductor were developed using the actual structure of the JL/G1A-240/30 type steel-core aluminum stranded conductor as a reference. Constraint conditions were set, and the model was simulated under various environmental conditions using the finite element ANSYS software. This simulation calculated the radial temperature distribution of the conductors in low-temperature environments, along with the combined effects of transmission line current load, air convection cooling, sunlight intensity, and wind speed on the radial temperature distribution. The results indicate that this method can effectively determine the radial temperature values of transmission conductors under different meteorological conditions, which are significantly influenced by environmental temperature and wind speed. This is beneficial for enhancing the operational safety and stability of transmission lines, achieving dynamic capacity expansion, and improving the transmission capacity of the lines.
Analysis on Fuel Spillage from Surge Tank and Optimization of Vent System for Civil Aircraft
Authors: Zhao Shiyang
Published: July 2024

This paper introduces the composition and function of civil aircraft fuel tank ventilation and inerting systems. The ventilation and inerting systems are closely related to the fuel tank, so there is a cross-link between the two. Given the fuel spillage phenomenon of the surge tank, which occurs during the climb of the aircraft due to the imperfect design of the fuel tank vent system, the mechanism of the fuel spillage and the role of the inerting system in the fuel spillage process are analyzed. Meanwhile, the optimization measures of the fuel tank vent system are introduced, which can provide experience reference for the cross-linking design of the fuel tank system and inerting system of other aircraft.
Research on the analysis strategy of electric vehicle charging demand based on multi-correlation daily scenario generation
Authors: Jiang Weixing , Han Wei , Wan Ye , Yang Wenhui , Li Jiayi
Published: July 2024

With the continuous increase of the penetration rate of OFELECTRIC vehicles, their high random charging loads exert a more significant effect on the stability of the electrical system. Simultaneously, the past charging patterns of electric vehicles indirectly influence the possible future charging activities of these vehicles. Therefore, in order to characterize the correlation between the predicted daily charging behavior of electric vehicles and its historical daily charging behavior, this article uses scene generation theory to fully mine the original multi-correlation Internal characteristics of electric vehicle charging behavior among the original multi-correlation day charging scenario set (OMCDCSS), generating massively generating multi-correlation day charging scenarios (GMCDCS) similar to the probability distribution of OMCDCSS. Secondly, the related scene set (RSS) is screened in the generation of multi-correlation day billing scenario (GMCDCSS) on the basis of weighted Spearman rank (SR). Get the forecast result of electric vehicle load interval.
Combined Rotor-Side and Grid-Side Suppression of Sub-Synchronous Oscillation in Doubly-Fed Wind Turbines
Authors: Wang Haobo , Wang Hongtao , Xin Peiqi , Xu Changmeng
Published: July 2024

In the field of wind power generation, the significant geographical separation between wind farms and load centers often necessitated the long-distance and large-scale transmission of wind energy, which was typically achieved through transmission lines equipped with series compensation capacitors. However, this setup led to interactions between the series compensation capacitors and the control systems of doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs), potentially causing sub-synchronous oscillations in grid-connected systems. To address this issue, our study focused on a DFIG-based wind farm interconnected via a series-compensated line. We proposed an innovative suppression strategy that incorporated additional virtual damping on the grid side. This strategy was effectively combined with an ancillary approach of adding virtual inductance on the rotor side, offering a robust solution to mitigate sub-synchronous oscillations. The simulation results showed that the joint application of these two strategies was more effective than implementing them individually. Notably, the strategy involving additional virtual damping on the grid side outperformed the approach of adding virtual inductance on the rotor side.
Simulation Analysis of Corona Pulse Propagation along the Line Based on an Actual Transmission Line
Authors: Zhang Borong
Published: July 2024

In the partial discharge test of the shunt reactor of the ultra-high voltage transmission line, the corona discharge caused by high voltage interferes with the test. To further study the propagation rules of the corona pulse on the line side in the transmission line during the ultra-high voltage partial discharge test, based on the parameters of an actual transmission line, the ATP-EMTP electromagnetic simulation software was used for modeling. The propagation rules of corona pulses in the transmission line were analyzed in detail through the simulation model. As the propagation distance increases, different frequency components show different degrees of attenuation. The higher the frequency is, the faster it attenuates.
Infrared Gas Sensor Based on MEMS Technology for Gas Detection
Authors: Xiao Ning , Li Weichao , Tian Yuewei , Wang Weijun , Yuan Chao
Published: July 2024

This paper presents an infrared gas sensor based on MEMS technology. The sensor can detect the input, output light intensity, and perform data processing. According to the corresponding results, the concentration of the gas to be measured can be obtained. The thickness of the protective layer and supporting layer of the infrared sensor transmitting unit can be changed. The proper size can make the transmitting unit work in a state of low deformation and high efficiency. The concentration of gas to be measured can be measured indirectly by using the sensor to detect the change of resistance of the unit. In this paper, the thickness of the protective layer and the supporting layer of the sensor transmitting unit is analyzed by finite element analysis. It is found that the thickness has a linear relationship with the deformation and temperature of the bridge deck. Further, it can be seen that when the thickness of the emission layer and the support layer is selected at the appropriate size, it has a good working state. Therefore, the sensor has good infrared emission intensity and stability. It has a broad application prospect in the early fire characteristic gas monitoring of cable.
On-line error monitoring of capacitive voltage transformer based on substation topology and distribution analysis
Authors: Liu Ziyuan , Zeng Feitong , Li Dong , Hu Haoliang
Published: July 2024

The capacitor voltage transformer (CVT) is widely used in power systems with high voltage levels. The operation state of CVT is related to the accuracy of electric energy metering. Because the internal structure of CVT is complex and vulnerable to the external environment, the error may be out of tolerance in the actual operation process. The error is composed of system error and random error. The change of error is mainly the change of system error. In general, random errors satisfy specific distributions and will not change easily. In this paper, the voltage amplitude and phase effective value output by the CVT acquisition device at the same voltage level are used to compare the amplitude effective value of the in-phase output to obtain the ratio characteristic quantity K, and the phase effective value is subtracted to obtain the difference characteristic quantity θK
. K and θK
contain the information of two CVT ratio differences and angle differences. The probability density distribution obeyed by K and θK
during the normal operation of CVT is taken as the reference probability density distribution and compared with the probability density distribution to be measured during online monitoring. If the probability density distribution changes significantly, it shows that the ratio difference and angle difference have exceeded the difference under the premise of this paper. Finally, the contribution method is used to locate the out-of-tolerance CVT. In this paper, the online monitoring method is verified by simulation data. The test results show that the ±0.1% range ratio difference and the ±5′ range angle difference can be identified, and the online monitoring of the 0.1-stage CVT error is realized.
The study of multi-discs hydraulic brake pressure dynamic characteristics
Authors: Wang Xiaomei , Zhu Fanghui
Published: July 2024

The pressure dynamic characteristics of hydraulic brakes directly impact the efficiency of the brake control system and aircraft stop distance. A simulation model of hydraulic brake is established with Simulink software. The simulation results are compared with the test results, which proves the reliability of the analysis model. The simulation results visually give the microscopic process of pressure rise and fall in the brake assembly. The study of dynamic characteristics is performed with the correlated simulation model to figure out the reasons for the slow rate of pressure rise and fall, for which suggestions are proposed for future system design improvements.
Compact Valve Hall Layout of DC Transformer for Offshore Wind Farm All-DC Collection Platform
Authors: Huang Junwei , Chao Wujie , Deng Chaoping , Dai Liyu , Wang Jinke
Published: July 2024

To solve the problems of high investment cost, difficulty in improving AC collection efficiency, and broadband resonance in flexible DC transmission of offshore wind power, researchers have proposed an all-DC collection system. To further optimize the economic efficiency of offshore wind farm engineering, this paper studies on the compact valve hall layout of DC transformer for offshore wind farm all-DC collection platforms. The minimum air clearance inside the valve hall was determined based on the insulation level of the DC transformer, and a compact valve hall layout plan for the DC transformer was proposed, taking into account factors such as the electrical main wiring scheme, weight distribution, and symmetrical balance. The proposed compact valve hall layout scheme for DC transformers can reduce the volume of offshore all-DC collection platforms, save engineering construction costs, and improve the efficiency of offshore wind farms. This article can provide reference and guidance for subsequent research on all-DC collection and economic transmission of large-scale offshore wind farms.
Efficient performance analysis and rapid evaluation for spot-welded stainless steel vehicles
Authors: Zhang Zeyang , Li Yana , Sun Xinli , Qiu Xinyu
Published: July 2024

The structural performance analysis and solder joint strength evaluation of spot-welded stainless-steel vehicles are associated with many working conditions, significant data, and repeated work. This will help researchers evaluate and improve calculation efficiency quickly. Taking the body structure of a spot-welded stainless-steel vehicle as the research object, this study conducted a finite element simulation analysis of its stiffness, static strength, mode, fatigue strength, and solder joint strength by the EN12663 standard. A rapid evaluation system for the solder joint strength was developed. The results showed that the performance of the vehicle body under various working conditions can meet the design requirements, and the evaluation results of the solder joint strength confirm the practicability and rapidity of the system, which can provide technical support for the subsequent improvement and optimization of vehicle body structures.
Research on microstructure and properties of laser cladding Ti-Al-WC composite coating on TC4 surface
Authors: Chen Haojie , Li Shuang , Zhao Haitao , Liu Hongwei , Zhao Hui , Gong Xun , Wang Tao , Yang Jinmei
Published: July 2024

To improve the surface properties of TC4, laser cladding was used to prepare Ti-Al-WC composite coatings with varying WC content on the surface of TC4. XRD and SEM were used to examine the physical phase composition and microstructure of the coatings. At various WC contents, the microhardness distribution and wear friction properties of the coatings were also examined. The results revealed a strong metallurgical connection between the cladding layer and the matrix. When no WC was present, the coating was mostly formed of TiAl and Ti3Al phases; however, when WC was present, the coating also contained WC, TiC, W2C, and MAX phases, as well as a minor amount of partially dissolved WC particles. When compared to the substrate, the average hardness of the coating was increased by 1.08-1.76 times. When the WC content was 20 and the wear amount was 1.9 mg, the best wear resistance was obtained. Mainly abrasive and adhesive wear was observed.
Prediction and study of impact performance of mining plastic shell based on PSO-BP neural network
Authors: Gao Fei
Published: July 2024

In order to accurately and quickly predict the anti-impact performance of the plastic shell of a mining sensor, taking the plastic shell of a mine dust concentration sensor as the research object, finite element simulation software is used to simulate and predict its performance in the impact test. Compared with the experimental results, the accuracy of finite element simulation is verified. The batch simulation is carried out by using the finite element method, and the BP neural network and the PSO (particle swarm optimization)-BP neural network are established. The comparison results show that the PSO (particle swarm optimization)-BP neural network has higher accuracy than the BP neural network, and can more accurately predict the mechanical properties of the mine sensor shell under impact conditions. At the same time, compared with the finite element method, it has the advantage of efficiency. The prediction time can be improved to 5-10 milliseconds by using PSO-BP neural network mode, compared to hours of the finite element simulation. This method provides a research method for efficiently and accurately obtaining the impact mechanical performance of mine plastic shells and optimizing structural parameters.
Study on Densification and Defects of Cu-Cr-Zr Alloy Formed by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Chen Yaolong , Hu Qiang , Wang Linshan , Guo Wenqian , Zhang Jinhui
Published: July 2024

Selective laser melting (SLM) technology features high forming accuracy and a short preparation cycle, providing a significant advantage for shaping complex structural components. Copper-chromium-zirconium exhibits outstanding comprehensive performance and finds wide applications in rocket combustion chambers, automotive inductor coils, nuclear shielding materials, welding electrodes, and other areas. However, due to its low laser absorption rate and high thermal conductivity, the forming process of copper-chromium-zirconium is unstable and prone to forming defects. This study aims to address this issue by employing the response surface method to design process parameters and investigate the impact of these parameters on microstructure and properties, to obtain high-density Cu-Cr-Zr alloy.
Study on low-temperature performance of silicone rubber for aerospace thermal control
Authors: Wang Yunbin , Xia Chenhui , Yu Feng , Yang Tao , Kong Qingle , Liu Fulong , Wang Lei
Published: July 2024

Adhesive bonding technology is the primary method for installing thermal control products on spacecraft. Studying the bonding methods of electric heaters at low temperatures has become particularly important. To validate the feasibility of GD-414 silicone rubber in bonding electric heaters at low temperatures, GD-414 silicone rubber tensile test specimens were designed and fabricated. After thermal testing, it was found that the peel strength and failure mode of the specimens changed after low-temperature storage at -120℃ and temperature cycling from -200℃ to 40℃. The peel strength of the specimens improved after pressure treatment, while the differences in peel strength between different metal substrates with the same roughness were not significant. The research findings demonstrate that GD-414 retains strong bonding performance even after low-temperature storage and temperature cycling, making it suitable for bonding electric heaters.
Mechanical performance of cement mortar with clear glass waste powder as a partial sand replacement
Authors: Ng Wei Yean , Lim Jee Hock , Lee Foo Wei , Lim Siong Kang
Published: July 2024

This research addresses Malaysia’s glass waste predicament, primarily stemming from discarded glass bottles in the food and beverage sector. Typically consigned to landfills, these bottles not only occupy valuable space but also deplete essential resources like siliceous sand crucial for glass production. To combat this environmental issue, the study explores the viability of repurposing waste glass as a construction material. By processing the waste glass to match sand’s size distribution, it is incorporated into cement mortar. The investigation assesses the fresh and hardened properties of cement mortar, including density, flow spread diameter, and various strengths. Analysis of parameters, such as the cement/sand/water ratio, and the extent of glass waste replacement, reveals that 100 % replacement of sand with glass waste powder yields the highest strengths, notably in compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural tests. Maintaining a cement/sand/water ratio of 1:5:1.24 achieves a 7 MPa compressive strength at 28 days and a 200 mm spread diameter in the flow table test. The study concludes that increasing glass waste replacement enhances cement mortar strengths, providing a sustainable solution to Malaysia’s glass waste issue and enhancing construction materials like bricks and concrete products.
Seismic fragility assessment of embankment: A displacement-based approach using dynamic finite element model analysis
Authors: Ahmed Tanvir , Alel Mohd Nur Asmawisham , Kadir Mariyana Aida Ab , Rahim Afikah , Shahrin Muhammad Irfan
Published: July 2024

The assessment of seismic fragility of highway embankments is a key component of seismic risk modeling for traffic infrastructure. This study examines the seismic fragility of an embankment using advanced finite element dynamic analysis, contrasting findings with prior research to validate results. Based on established methodologies, an incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) was executed, with the Probabilistic Seismic Demand Analysis (PSDA) for the development of fragility curves. A comparative study was conducted between two modeling methods; one employing finite difference (FD) method and other employing finite element (FE)method. The analysis revealed that, selection of inputs like the nature of earthquake time history and number of records selected along with the analysis method influences the seismic fragility assessment of embankments. The choice between finite difference and finite element methods can yield differing results, with FD, being grid-based, can face challenges with complex geometries and boundary conditions, on the other hand, FE’s mesh-based approach offers flexibility in modeling intricate domains, handles complex boundary conditions more adeptly, and provides a more continuous representation of material behavior. A distinct dynamic stability test based on Newmark sliding block principles showed the embankment slope’s inherent resilience, with no permanent deformation, underscoring the requirement for further research.
Brine waste from seawater desalination in Malaysia: Assessment on public awareness and understanding
Authors: Mahadi Cynthia , Kasmuri Norhafezah , Miskon Mohd Fuad
Published: July 2024

Water scarcity is a growing concern, and saltwater desalination is being explored as a potential solution, including in Malaysia. Therefore, it is important to assess public awareness of the outcome of desalination and the harmful effects of improper disposal of brine in the ecosystem. Hence, a survey was conducted and analyzed using the relative importance index method to gather information on public awareness of brine waste management practices and the negative impacts of brine waste. One hundred respondents from the public in Malaysia were randomly selected for this sample study. The results indicated that the public has an average level of awareness about desalination. Despite that, their perception of brine waste and its impact on the ecosystem ranges from average to high. Nevertheless, the study also reveals significant findings related to the low understanding among Malaysians regarding the detrimental effects of untreated brine wastewater disposal. Thus, the experts emphasize the importance of education and awareness to the public and encourage the government to implement stricter regulations on brine disposal with more effective policies. Moreover, the output of this paper gauged the public awareness level in Malaysia regarding the increasing use of desalination technology and the potential negative consequences of brine waste. It later equips the policymakers with the necessary information to make well-informed decisions by actively engaging the understanding of local communities' needs, perspectives, and aspirations on matters that directly affect them.
Comparative assessment of hot and warm mix asphalt to develop a sustainable pavement: Kg Ayer Merah Mersing case study
Authors: Kamarudin S N N , Hainin M R , Satar M K I M , Warid M N M , Yaacob H , Lazi M K A M
Published: July 2024

In this study, the construction and pavement properties of warm mix asphalt (WMA) in rural areas were examined in comparison with the conventional mixture of hot mix asphalt (HMA). Both WMA and HMA mixtures were constructed at Kg Ayer Merah, Mersing, Johor in accordance with Public Work Department specifications, regarding redesign of road pavements in rural areas. This study to evaluate the comparison performance of WMA and HMA mixtures at one month and four months after construction based on performance in mechanical (Rate of cooling, density, Marshall, resilient modulus and dynamic creep) and macrotexture performance (sand patch and pendulum test value) and environmental analysis (carbon emission). The findings showed that WMA mixtures showed similar and better performance over HMA mixtures after four months construction in mechanical performance. WMA also obtained a higher rate of cooling than HMA besides reducing carbon emissions during production and road construction indicating the mixture more convenient to cater for double handling in rural areas. This huge impact is in line with the sustainable development goals (SDGs), which aim to develop sustainable infrastructure and reduce global warming issues.
Effects of coal fly ash as partial replacement for cement towards concrete properties
Authors: Amat Roshazita Che , Ibrahim Norlia Mohamad , Rahim Nur Liza , Afiza Mohamed Syakirah , Hui Yi Foo
Published: July 2024

The use of industrial waste, particularly fly ash (FA), as a substitute for ordinary portland cement (OPC) has gained attention due to global trends promoting the recovery and utilization of waste materials in construction. Previous research has demonstrated that fly ash has the potential to replace cement without compromising the strength of concrete, driving further exploration and validation of this concept. In a study investigating the effects of fly ash replacement in concrete, different percentages of fly ash were used to replace OPC in C25 grade concrete. Various tests were conducted, including X-ray fluorescent (XRF) analysis, sieve analysis, workability test, compression test, and water absorption test, to assess the characteristics, properties of the materials, fresh and hardened concrete. The results indicated that the replacement of FA in cement showed significant effects, with the strength at 12.5 % and 15 % replacements reaching the target strength of pure concrete at both 7 days and 28 days. These findings suggest that fly ash, at these replacement levels, exhibits desirable strength comparable to OPC, making it a viable alternative.
Performance of steel fibre reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete in fresh and hardened state
Authors: Zamri Nor Fazlin , Awalluddin Dinie , Mohamed Roslli Noor , Mastor Muhammad Najmi Mohamad Ali
Published: July 2024

There is a growing interest in the manufacture of lightweight aggregate concrete (LWC) due to its low density, which is below 2000 kg/m3. However, the trade-off for the lower density is a reduction in strength, leading to a drop in crack resistance. Therefore, steel fibre inclusion was implemented to augment the crack resistance of lightweight concrete (LWC). Thus, the present study aims to examine the impact of steel fibre on both the workability and mechanical properties of lightweight aggregate concrete (LWC) that incorporates lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA). Three varieties of concrete were fabricated, namely normal weight aggregate concrete (NC), lightweight concrete (LWC), and steel fibre lightweight concrete (SFWLC). The SFLWC incorporated hooked-end steel fibres as reinforcement, with fibre volume percentages of 1 % and 2 %. A strength assessment was undertaken to ascertain the concrete properties, with particular emphasis on compressive and tensile strength. The findings indicate that the incorporation of both LECA and steel fibre led to a notable reduction in the workability of concrete. Incorporating a 2 % steel fibre content into LWC yields a marginal enhancement in compressive strength. Steel fibre demonstrates enhanced efficacy when subjected to tension, with the most significant increase measured at around 152 %.
Exploring the opportunities in circular design as an affordable housing solution in Nigeria
Authors: Suleman T A , Ezema I C , Aderonmu P A
Published: July 2024

The shortage of adequate housing is caused by global challenges such as urbanisation, economic instability, pandemics, and displacements. Additionally, the building sector is resource-intensive, leading to the emergence of the circular economy (CE) that is focused on resource efficiency. The design stage plays a central role in the CE model. However, circular housing design (CHD) in Nigeria has not been thoroughly explored. This study examined the opportunities for implementing CHD in Nigeria. Through a desk review approach, relevant data from the critical review of selected articles from reputable databases in the last five years were synthesized and incorporated into the study. The findings revealed that the adoption of CHD in Nigeria can assist in achieving affordability, decarbonisation, climate change mitigation, improving environmental value, energy optimisation, resource efficiency, and urban mining. More specifically, it will stimulate sustainability in the housing sector, digitalisation, technical expertise development, policies and regulations, land provision, coordination and collaboration, local voluntary stewardship programme, and new market opportunities in housing delivery in Nigeria. There is a need to develop technical skills in CHD through knowledge sharing among design professionals via multi-stakeholder collaborations and investment in technologies, as well as adopting integrated circular project delivery methods in the supply chain.
Overview of issues, challenge, and potential ground water extraction for Kelantan people.
Authors: Noh Narita , Asfar Juwita , Rahim Noor Raifana Ab , Darwis Nur Zaidani Wati Mohd
Published: July 2024

Clean water is a vital element in humankind’s ecosystem for sustainability of living on earth. Limitation of surface water in Kelantan leads toward ground water extraction as an alternative for water supply. However, there are issues and challenges with the current practice including water quality index (WQI), pollution and monitoring of capacity extraction for ground water. Thus, the objective of this paper is to summary the current scenario of ground water extraction in Kelantan. Hence, identify the potential problems that occur based on current practice and look forward for potential ground water extraction in Kelantan in future. This finding is extracted from previous study done by other researchers, or any electronic media related to the objective of the paper. Due to limited source of indexed paper, Google, official related agencies website and ResearchGate are being adopted as main platforms for search engines for data and literature needed. It is hoped that these findings would be able to help authority and relevant parties to improve the framework and government policy for groundwater extraction in Kelantan. It is also viewed to help Kelantanese to have better ground water supply as stipulated by Ministry of Health.
Double Hanle resonance dependence on light polarization angle and transverse magnetic field direction
Authors: Kumari Pooja , Mehta Shrey , Singh Grewal Raghwinder , Singh R P
Published: July 2024

We present experimental and theoretical investigations of the dependence of double Hanle resonance spectrum on the light polarization angle and the direction of the applied transverse magnetic field (TMF). The experiments are done for

F
g

=
2
→

F
e

=
1

transition of 87Rb D1 line using a rubidium vapor cell containing buffer gas. We show that a small light polarization component along the direction of TMF introduces asymmetry in the double Hanle resonance signal. Both the magnitude and sign of asymmetry in the signal are sensitive to the TMF orientation, suggesting a possible method for in-situ measurement of the direction of the magnetic fields generated by the coils. The physical origin of this asymmetry is explained by considering the redistribution of population among the ground-state Zeeman sublevels in the presence of TMF. In addition, we systematically vary both the polarization angle and TMF direction to study their effect on the line profile of Hanle resonances. We demonstrate that a double Hanle resonance changes to a dark Hanle resonance by rotating the light polarization vector irrespective of the TMF direction. We have developed a simple theoretical model based on a degenerate two-level system to explain our experimental observations.
HSPA8 inhibitors augment cancer chemotherapeutic effectiveness via potentiating necroptosis
Authors: Wu Erpeng , Wu Chenlu , Jia Kelong , Zhou Shen’ao , Sun Liming
Published: July 2024

Our recent work has uncovered a novel function of HSPA8 as an amyloidase, capable of dismantling the RHIM-containing protein fibrils to suppress necroptosis. However, the impact of HSPA8 inhibitors on cancer regression via necroptosis remains unexplored. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation to assess the potential of HSPA8 inhibitors in enhancing necroptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings indicate that pharmacologic inhibition of HSPA8, achieved either through VER (VER-155008) targeting the nucleotide binding domain or pifithrin-μ targeting the substrate binding domain of HSPA8, significantly potentiates necroptosis induced by diverse treatments in cellular assays. These inhibitors effectively disrupt the binding of HSPA8 to the RHIM protein, impeding its regulatory function on RHIM amyloid formation. Importantly, HSPA8 inhibitors significantly enhanced cancer cell sensitivity to microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) in vitro, while reversing chemoresistance and facilitating tumor regression by augmenting necroptosis in vivo. Our findings suggest a promising therapeutic approach to cancer through necroptosis modulation via HSPA8 targeting, particularly in combination with MTA drugs for enhanced treatment efficacy.
Internal to What? A Novel Account of the Task of Political Liberalism
Authors: Badano Gabriele , Nuti Alasia
Published: July 2024

This chapter advances a novel account of the purpose of Rawlsian political liberalism. The prominent ‘internal view’ of political liberalism conceives of it as meant to establish liberalism’s internal coherence; political liberals’ job is to show that legitimate and stable liberal institutions are possible despite the reasonable pluralism they fuel. On this view, the scope of political liberalism only includes societies characterized by reasonable pluralism and reasonable pluralism arises exclusively in well-ordered ideal liberal societies, which are governed by reasonable liberal justice and inhabited only by reasonable citizens. Therefore, the very project of investigating the containment of unreasonable beliefs is effectively thrown out of political liberalism properly understood. We criticize this view by arguing that it misunderstands the notion of reasonable pluralism, which features also in non-ideal ‘minimally liberal’ societies. Consequently, the purpose of political liberalism should also include showing how minimally liberal societies can move closer to a reasonably just society overwhelmingly populated by reasonable persons without contradicting any basic liberal democratic commitments. In turn, this makes understanding containment a priority. The resulting view of political liberalism, which we label the view ‘internal to at least minimally liberal societies’, remains safe from the traditional objections the internal view was created to sidestep. In defending such a view, we also propose an original methodological approach, according to which ideal and non-ideal theory are both important but largely independent projects within political liberalism. This broad independence of non-ideal from ideal theory constitutes an important building block of our politicized political liberalism.
The Folk Theory of Well-Being
Authors: Bronsteen John , Leiter Brian , Masur Jonathan S , Tobia Kevin
Published: July 2024

What constitutes a “good” life—not necessarily a morally good life, but a life that is good for the person who lived it? In response to this question of “well-being,” philosophers have offered three significant answers: A good life is one in which a person can satisfy their desires (“Desire-Satisfaction” or “Preferentism”), one that includes certain good features (“Objectivism”), or one in which pleasurable states dominate or outweigh painful ones (“Hedonism”). This chapter presents a pair of experimental studies that examine whether the three theories reflect laypeople’s intuitions about well-being. The empirical studies yield two primary findings. First, they provide evidence for lay “well-being pluralism”: laypeople treat desire-satisfaction, positive objective conditions, and happiness as all constitutive of well-being. Second, the studies provide evidence of “hedonic dominance”: laypeople evaluate an individual’s happiness as more important to an individual’s overall well-being than desire-satisfaction or objective conditions.
Practices Make Perfect
Authors: Alexander Joshua , Weinberg Jonathan M
Published: July 2024

This chapter argues that debates over philosophical methodology would be well-served by a greater attention to the specifics of philosophical practice. Intuition deniers such as Max Deutsch and Herman Cappelen have claimed that philosophers do not generally rely on intuitions, but simply make arguments, perhaps elliptical ones. Their claims turn out to be inconsistent with, for example, the sorts of dialectical moves that are licensed in philosophical practice when mooting a case; and with much of the historical evidence about the reception of Gettier’s classic paper. Others, like Joshua Knobe, have argued that intuitions are so stable and uniform that a proper reading of the empirical evidence indicates that no methodological concerns should arise. Yet such arguments do not adequately consider just how much current philosophical practices, especially inferential practices, are susceptible to even fairly modest sources of error.
Fiction versus Pretence
Authors: Levinson Jerrold
Published: July 2024

This paper argues for a distinction between pretending and imagining. Pretending has a public and observable aspect, which imagining does not. The paper then uses this distinction to argue that various forms of fiction, including literature and the theater, do not essentially involve pretence.
How much could anemia-related interventions reduce the HIV disparity in adverse birth outcomes?
Authors: Caniglia Ellen C , Zash Rebecca , Diseko Modiegi , Mayondi Gloria , Mabuta Judith , Mmalane Mompati , Makhema Joseph , Jacobson Denise L , Bengtson Angela M , Lockman Shahin , Shapiro Roger , Swanson Sonja A
Published: July 2024

Women and other people of childbearing potential living with HIV (WLHIV) have a higher risk of adverse birth outcomes than those without HIV (WWHIV). A higher risk of anemia in WLHIV could partially explain this disparity. Using a birth outcomes surveillance study in Botswana, we emulated target trials corresponding to currently available or feasible interventions on anemia. The first target trial evaluated 2 interventions: initiate multiple micronutrient supplementation (MMS), and MMS or iron and folic acid supplementation by 24 weeks gestation. The remaining target trials evaluated the interventions: eliminate anemia before pregnancy; and jointly eliminate anemia before pregnancy and initiate MMS. We estimated the observed disparity in adverse birth outcomes between WLHIV and WWHIV and compared the observed disparity measure (ODM) to the counterfactual disparity measure (CDM) under each intervention. Of 137 499 individuals (22% WLHIV), the observed risk of any adverse birth outcome was 26.0% in WWHIV and 34.5% in WLHIV (ODM, 8.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.9-9.1%). Counterfactual disparity measures (95% CIs) ranged from 6.6% (4.8-8.4%) for the intervention to eliminate anemia and initiate MMS to 8.4% (7.7%-9.1%) for the intervention to eliminate anemia only. Preventing anemia and expanding MMS may reduce HIV disparities in birth outcomes, but interventions with greater impact should be identified.
Prediagnostic whole-blood cadmium and molybdenum associated with pancreatic cancer in an American cohort
Authors: Stolzenberg-Solomon Rachael , Jin David , Huang Wen-Yi , Brockman John
Published: July 2024

Environmental exposures to elements such as cadmium might be contributing to the increasing incidence of pancreatic cancer. Few prospective studies have examined the association between trace elements and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We conducted a nested case-control study in participants aged 55-74 years at baseline from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial cohort to examine the association between 12 trace elements measured in prediagnostic whole-blood samples and PDAC. From May 1998 through December 2014, 318 incident PDAC cases were identified during follow-up to 16.7 years. Of 636 control participants, 2 who were alive when each case patient was diagnosed were selected and matched by age (±5 years), sex, calendar date of blood sample collection (2-month blocks), and race and ethnic group. We used multivariable adjusted conditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Cadmium and molybdenum were associated with PDAC (highest compared with lowest quintile: for cadmium, OR = 1.81 [95% CI, 01.12-2.95], P = .03 for trend; for molybdenum, OR = 0.50 [95% CI, 0.32-0.80], P = .02 for trend). The inverse molybdenum association was only observed among ever smokers (OR = 0.31 [95% CI, 0.17-0.58]; P = .003 for trend, P = .03 for interaction) with no association in never smokers. Lead, arsenic, and other trace elements were not associated with PDAC. Our results support that an increasing prediagnostic whole-blood level of cadmium is associated with increased PDAS risk, whereas that for molybdenum reduces PDAC risk.
PlasmidHunter: accurate and fast prediction of plasmid sequences using gene content profile and machine learning
Authors: Tian Renmao , Zhou Jizhong , Imanian Behzad
Published: July 2024

Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA found in microorganisms. They often carry beneficial genes that help bacteria adapt to harsh conditions. Plasmids are also important tools in genetic engineering, gene therapy, and drug production. However, it can be difficult to identify plasmid sequences from chromosomal sequences in genomic and metagenomic data. Here, we have developed a new tool called PlasmidHunter, which uses machine learning to predict plasmid sequences based on gene content profile. PlasmidHunter can achieve high accuracies (up to 97.6%) and high speeds in benchmark tests including both simulated contigs and real metagenomic plasmidome data, outperforming other existing tools.
Reproductive & developmental toxicity of quaternary ammonium compounds
Authors: Bobic Leyla , Harbolic Allison , Warner Genoa R
Published: July 2024

Quaternary ammonium compounds are a class of chemicals commonly used as disinfectants in household and healthcare settings. Their usage has significantly increased in recent years due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, quaternary ammonium compounds have replaced the recently banned disinfectants triclosan and triclocarban in consumer products. Quaternary ammonium compounds are found in daily antimicrobial and personal care products such as household disinfectants, mouthwash, and hair care products. Due to the pervasiveness of quaternary ammonium compounds in daily use products, humans are constantly exposed. However, little is known about the health effects of everyday quaternary ammonium compound exposure, particularly effects on human reproduction and development. Studies that investigate the harmful effects of quaternary ammonium compounds on reproduction are largely limited to high-dose studies, which may not be predictive of low-dose, daily exposure, especially as quaternary ammonium compounds may be endocrine-disrupting chemicals. This review analyzes recent studies on quaternary ammonium compound effects on reproductive health, identifies knowledge gaps, and recommends future directions in quaternary ammonium compound–related research.

Summary Sentence 

Quaternary ammonium compounds, a class of disinfecting compounds that have skyrocketed in usage during the COVID-19 pandemic, are emerging as reproductive and developmental toxicants.
Great science does not communicate itself: but who should and how?
Authors: Kroon Cristina , Eickholt Britta J
Published: July 2024

Cristina Kroon and Britta Eickholt discuss current barriers to effective science communication and propose strategies to overcome them.
The Holocaust Propaganda Machine in Soviet Periodicals, 1941–1945
Authors: Kaganovitch Albert
Published: July 2024

The USSR entered the Second World War with the world’s most powerful propaganda apparatus, having twenty years of experience and a state monopoly on truth.1 All publications were subjected to a three-tiered system of censorship: personal, editorial, and official, with the common line of censorship determined at the highest level. In the Soviet Union, there were five primary sources of official information: (a) periodical publications, (b) fictional literature, (c) journalistic writing, (d) films, and (e) radio broadcasts. The author examines the Russian language periodical press, which was the most widely available print material in the USSR. These sources were entirely aimed at Soviet readers, as opposed to Yiddish-language publications, which were in part intended to arouse sympathy in readers abroad.2 Verification of casualty statistics and authenticating the facts of this published information is not the purpose of this article, but rather the author seeks to challenge the assumption that the USSR suppressed or censored reporting on the Holocaust during the Second World War.
O-001 Human Reproduction Keynote lecture: Progesterone for pregnant people with threatened miscarriage
Authors: Li W , McLindon L , Mol B
Published: July 2024

Threatened miscarriage, characterized by vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy, affects approximately 25% of all clinical pregnancies. Progesterone supplementation, typically administered vaginally, is a common clinical practice aimed at preventing miscarriage in cases of threatened miscarriage. However, the evidence regarding the effectiveness of this intervention is conflicting and subject to varying interpretations. In a randomized controlled trial conducted in Queensland, Australia, we evaluated the efficacy of nightly 400 mg vaginal progesterone administration, initiated at the onset of bleeding and continued until 12 weeks gestation, in increasing live birth rates among women experiencing threatened miscarriage. Our study did not find evidence supporting a treatment effect of vaginal progesterone in enhancing live birth rates, nor did we find evidence that progesterone improves live birth rates in women with a history of two or more previous miscarriages. We conclude that routine use of progesterone for threatened miscarriage cannot be recommended. However, the potential therapeutic benefit of progesterone in women with threatened miscarriage following recurrent pregnancy losses warrants further investigation through dedicated clinical trials in this population.
O-045 Does PGT improve outcomes in poor responders?
Authors: Ginsburg E
Published: July 2024

All studies randomizing women to undergo PGT-A or transfer of untested embryos are in patients with excellent blastocyst quality. No studies show that PGT-A improves live birth rate per stimulated cycle, only per embryo transfer in patients fortunate to have high quality blastocysts. There are also no randomized trials of cleavage stage vs blastocyst transfer in patients with fewer than 4 embryos. Normal babies have been reported after transfer of aneuploid (not only mosaic) embryos. Patients with decreased ovarian reserve have high chances of no embryo transfer and therefore no chance of pregnancy if they chose to undergo IVF with PGT-A.
O-099 Implantation 2024 - what do we know?
Authors: Quenby S
Published: July 2024

Three major factors are involved in implantation, the embryo, the endometrium and the microbiome. The interactions between these major participants need to, support normal pregnancies and reject abnormal ones and have an appropriate pro/anti-inflammatory response to the genital tract microbiome. Implantation is controlled by a series biological checks and balances in the context of an endometrium that regenerates monthly. Our understanding of these checks and balances has been advanced with the use of sequencing technologies.

• The high incidence of aneuploidy in early human embryos has been described in detail with low-coverage sequencing- based PGT-A.

• The contribution of karyotype abnormality to miscarriages has been clarified with the use of a microarray-based comparative genomic hybridisation and the cell free DNA.

• New insights into endometrial composition have been made through single cell sequencing that has revealed the existence of new subsets of cells at the maternal fetal interface.

• The genital tract microbiome has been investigated using high-throughput next-generation sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes.

This rich tapestry of information has revealed the complexity of cellular and molecular process controlling implantation. The challenge is to identify specific mechanisms and therapeutic targets for couples suffering reproductive failure.