bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hardness and Microstructural Characterization of Pack Carburizing AISI 1020 Low-Carbon Steel by Temperature and Holding Time Variations
Authors: Santoso Edi , Fatkhurrohman Fatkhurrohman , Firmansyah Addie Restu , Putra Septian Candra
Published: February 2024

Recently, low-carbon steel is often used as a basic material for automotive spare parts on the market. This study aims to improve the quality of carbon steel which is not inferior to that made by manufacturers where the price is relatively affordable by carrying out pack carburizing. This study used the pack carburizing method, AISI 1020 low-carbon steel as a starting material and used fine coconut shell charcoal powder as a carbon source mixed with Na2CO3 as an energizer. Pack carburizing uses temperature variations of 850oC, 875oC and 900oC, aims to find out how the results of hardness and microstructure values for variations of temperature and holding time. And also use SAE 20w-40 oil as a quenching medium. The highest hardness results were obtained on specimens with a heating temperature of 900oC with a holding time of 60 minutes, with an average hardness value of 54.21 HRC. Accompanied by the phase formed, namely 61% pearlite 39% ferrite.
Analisis Pendahuluan Media Pembelajaran Muatan Pembelajaran IPA di SMP Negeri 4 Pekanbaru
Authors: Hamdani Cindy Gusvita , Ernidawati Ernidawati , Ma'aruf Zuhdi
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini membahas tentang pengetahuan dan pengalaman siswa dan guru dalam menggunakan media pembelajaran untuk materi gerak dan gaya di SMP Negeri 4 Pekanbaru. Hasil penelitian ini digunakan sebagai bahan penyelidikan awal untuk merancang media pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan pada materi gerak dan gaya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 38 siswa dan 3 guru SMP Negeri 4 Pekanbaru. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik angket tertutup dan wawancara, serta teknik analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa jenis media yang sering digunakan guru dalam pembelajaran fisika dari 38 siswa sebanyak 45% yang menyatakan menggunakan media gambar dan 34% yang menyatakan menggunakan media video, hanya 21% yang menyatakan menggunakan alat peraga. Artinya, media yang sering digunakan yaitu media gambar dan video. Sebagian besar guru masih mengalami kesulitan dan kendala dalam mengembangkan media pembelajaran dan pengajaran di sekolah tentang materi gerak dan gaya. Oleh karena itu, perlu dirancang media pembelajaran untuk membantu guru mengatasi kesulitan dan hambatan dalam mengajar serta diharapkan dapat membantu mentransfer pengetahuan tentang konsep-konsep dalam materi gerak dan gaya.
The development and validation of the Self-Confidence Scale (SSCS): classical test theory analysis
Authors: Suhartiwi Suhartiwi
Published: February 2024

The cultural context of Lombok, Indonesia, presents a unique backdrop for understanding and assessing self-confidence among students. Against this backdrop, the study aims to develop a self-confidence scale specifically tailored to the cultural nuances and characteristics of the region. The research sample, comprising 244 students selected through incidental sampling techniques, reflects the diverse socio-cultural landscape of Lombok. To ensure the validity and reliability of the developed scale, the study employs rigorous validation and reliability testing methods, including the Pearson Product Moment technique for validity testing and the Alpha Chronbach technique for reliability testing. The research results show that the Suhartiwi Self-Confidence Scale (SSCS) measures student self-confidence in Lombok accurately and reliably. With correlation values from 0.313 to 0.636, all SSCS questions are legitimate. Cronbach's alpha of 0.842 indicates the SSCS's high dependability. Thus, research into culturally appropriate self-confidence scales will ensure fairness and sustainability in Lombok student self-confidence initiatives.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DOS IMIGRANTES ITALIANOS NA PRODUÇÃO DO ESPAÇO NO MUNICÍPIO DE JAGUAQUARA/BA
Authors:   , Santos Edinaldo da Silva
Published: February 2024

Esse trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar as contribuições dos imigrantes italianos na produção do espaço no município de Jaguaquara/BA, gerando a reflexão da importância de se compreender o processo imigratório ocorrido em Jaguaquara-BA para o conhecimento da realidade vivida nesse município baiano. Buscando, assim descobrir a relação do município de Jaguaquara/BA com a imigração italiana, saber quem foram os primeiros imigrantes italianos a se instalarem em Jaguaquara-BA e de que localidades vieram; também, o que motivou e favoreceu a instalação dos italianos nessa localidade baiana, quais foram as transformações que os imigrantes italianos proporcionaram a esse município do Vale do Jiquiriçá, e de que forma eles contribuíram na produção do espaço jaguaquarense. Nesse intuito, foram utilizadas diferentes metodologias a começar por uma revisão bibliográfica e documental, sobre o estudo do conceito de espaço geográfico e dos conceitos ligados a migração, além dos dados primários do município em estudo. Além disso, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com imigrantes e descendentes de imigrantes italianos que residem no município de Jaguaquara-BA e também com escritor local e antigos moradores da região que presenciaram a chegada desses a fim de melhor entender as contribuições e influências dos imigrantes italianos em Jaguaquara-BA.
Analisis Kandungan Piroksikam dan Deksametason pada Jamu Pegal Linu yang Beredar di Lombok Timur
Authors:   Universitas Hamzanwadi, Hanifa Ahdiani , Febriani Yuyun , Gemantari Baiq Maylinda ,   Universitas Hamzanwadi
Published: February 2024

In recent year 2020 and 2021 BPOM discovered aching herbs containing medicinal chemicals such as piroxicam and dexamethasone. The addition of piroxicam and dexamethasone to herbal rheumatic pain can cause dangerous side effects such as myopathy, impaired kidney function, edema, hypertension, and gastrointestinal bleeding. The aim of this study was to determine the presence and levels of piroxicam and dexamethasone in herbal aches and pains circulating in East Lombok. The qualitative and quatittaive analysis of piroxicam and dexamethasone used in this research. The qualitative analysis used test of drug class compounds to determine the presence or absence of piroxicam and dexamethasone with FeCl3 reagent to detect piroxicam and acetic anhydrous and sulfuric acid reagent to detect dexamethasone. Therefore, using TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) as confirmation of the presence or absence of piroxicam and dexamethasone also used in this study. Each positive sample in the TLC process has confirmed and searched for levels using UV-Visible Spectrophotometry as quantitave analysis. The data result have analyzed by SPSS version 16 to show the signification data in each sample. The TLC analysis results showed 6 positive samples containing piroxicam and 5 positive samples containing dexamethasone. According to assay results, the piroxicam levels were 13,71 ppm, 13,74 ppm, 14, 49 ppm, 13,87 ppm, 13, 99 ppm resepectively. The results for dexamethasone levels were 25,20 ppm, 0,45 ppm, 2,20ppm respectively. So, this show that herbal rheumatic pain in east Lombok contained piroxicam and dexamethasone with diffrence level in each sample with signification value p<0,05.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Bintaro (Cerbera odollam) dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans dan Escherichia coli
Authors:   Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Mahdi Nur , Susanti Susi ,   STIKes Darul Azhar Batulicin, Agustina Ani ,   STIKes Darul Azhar Batulicin, Mukhlis Andi Zsazsa Rafiatul ,   STIKes Darul Azhar Batulicin
Published: February 2024

Tanaman bintaro (Cerbera odollam) salah satu dari banyak tanaman antimikroba yang ditemukan di Indonesia. Tanaman bintaro efektif dalam mengendalikan serangan hama, namun dalam penelitian antibakteri belum banyak diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun bintaro menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans dan Escherichia coli. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan konsentrasi ekstrak daun bintaro terdiri dari 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100%, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis data menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis dan uji Chi Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun bintaro memiliki sifat antibakteri. Pada konsentrasi ekstrak 75% terhadap Streptococcus mutans diperoleh rata-rata zona hambat sebesar 6,125 mm dengan kategori daya hambat sedang dan pada Escherichia coli diperoleh rata-rata zona hambat sebesar 6,5mm. Kemudian pada pada konsentrasi 100% diperoleh pada kedua bakteri tersebut dengan zona hambat 7,5 mm dengan kategori daya hambat sedang. Uji Kruskal Wallis diperoleh nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,003 atau (p < 0,05) menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna. Uji Chi Square menunjukkan nilai signifikansi untuk Streptococcus mutans sebesar 0,433 atau (p < 0,05) dan Escherichia coli sebesar 0,433 atau (p < 0,05). Pada konsentrasi 100% diameter zona hambat 7,5 mm, hasil ekstrak etanol daun bintaro menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri dengan kategori sedang terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans dan Escherichia coli.
Injury, Affirmation, and the Disability Masquerade in Ye’s “Through the Wire”
Authors: Tatar Jeremy
Published: February 2024

Ye’s song “Through the Wire” exists in two versions. The first was recorded in late 2002 after a near-fatal car crash and features Ye rapping through a jaw wired shut as he recovered from reconstructive surgery. After he healed, a second version was recorded in 2003 and released as the lead single from his debut album. Although Ye raps unimpeded in this later version, it was still marketed as the authentic product of physical disablement.

This study explores Ye’s performance of disability across these two versions of “Through the Wire,” focusing on his engagement with a phenomenon known as the masquerade. Adapted from queer and feminist studies to a disability context by Tobin Siebers, the masquerade encompasses a set of strategies for the public negotiation of disabled identities. Two prominent approaches involve 1) exaggerating a disability through a performative act of disclosure, and 2) disguising one disability behind another. I argue that Ye engages in both strategies throughout “Through the Wire,” and that attending to their roles in the song greatly nuances the straightforward narrative of overcoming that he otherwise projects.
Windows into Beethoven’s Lessons in Bonn: Kirnberger’sDie wahren Grundsätze zum Gebrauch der Harmonie(1773) and Vogler’sGründe der Kuhrpfälzischen Tonschule in Beyspielen(1776/1778)
Authors: Posen Thomas William
Published: February 2024

Beethoven’s lessons in Vienna with Haydn, Albrechtsberger, and Salieri are well known, but considerably less has been written about his earlier studies in Bonn. This article examines what Beethoven may have learned from two treatises that Gustav Nottebohm (Nottebohn 1873) connected to Beethoven’s Bonn manuscripts: Johann Philipp Kirnberger’sDie wahren Grundsätze zum Gebrauch der Harmonie(Kirnberger 1773) and Georg Joseph Vogler’sGründe der Kuhrpfälzischen Tonschule in Beyspielen(1776, revised in 1778). I corroborate the evidence that links these treatises to Beethoven, analyze and categorize their contents, and suggest some parallels between materials in these treatises and Beethoven’s Bonn works including his “Elector” piano sonatas (WoO 47; 1783) and his two unusual preludes for piano or organ (op. 39; 1789, published in 1803).

From what we know of Beethoven’s studies in Vienna, several pillars of standard eighteenth-century musical education are missing: the study of solfeggio, thoroughbass, and harmony. This article makes the case that Beethoven encountered this training in Bonn. From Kirnberger’sGrundsätze, he would have learned about the fundamental bass, harmonic function and progression, and the principles of prolongation. In Vogler’s book, he would have encountered solfeggio exercises, common thoroughbass patterns including the Rule of the Octave, invertible sequences, diminution patterns, modulations schemes to every key, the fundamental bass, and more. Although these two treatises were not the only books Beethoven likely studied in Bonn, they offer probable windows into his formative lessons in music theory, improvisation, and composition.
Reimagining Organicism
Authors: Li Mingyue
Published: February 2024

Does it make sense to refer to musical sounds as “animated beings”? What does it mean to treat music as an essential part of our sonic reality? How do Sciarrino’s music and his general aesthetic, both of which he describes as organic or ecological, respond to theories of organicism, ecological approaches to musical perception, and ties between the human and non-human worlds? In this article, I attempt to weave together a framework that facilitates fruitful answers to these questions. The starting points for this theorization of Sciarrino’s organicism are Holly Watkins’s (2017, 2018) biotic aesthetics of music and Eric Clarke’s (2005) ecological approach to the perception of musical meaning, which emphasize the role of the listener and question the stance that separates meaning from form, culture from nature, and the human from the non-human. Through analyses of examples from works includingLohengrin, Azione invisibile(1982–84),Il cerchio tagliato dei suoni(1997), andStudi per l’intonazione del mare(2000), I argue that Sciarrino’s music and thinking venture into a holistic reinvention of organicism. A key aspect of this organicism is its formal affinity with behaviors characteristic of systems of chaos, including self-similarity, circularity, and turbulence. In addition, I illustrate how the wide-ranging analogies that Sciarrino’s music draws to the world of animate and inanimate beings involve both formal issues and the bodily, performative, and societal dimensions of music-making.
Firms Financial Inclusion and Export Performance: Evidence from Manufacturing Sector Firms in Pakistan
Authors: Fareeha Adil  , Rabia Nazir
Published: February 2024

Financial inclusion of firms is crucial to create jobs, boost economic growth, and promote sustainable development. The study examines how financial inclusion affects enterprise export performance based on access to finance ratios. The study analyses the effects of firms’ financial inclusion determinants and macro environment factors on firms’ export values. The data comes from Pakistan’s manufacturing sector covering 400 firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange from 1999-2021. Driven by the nature of the data, the Method of Moment Quantile Regression is employed to assess the below and above mean regression estimations, and a two-step system GMM approach is used to address endogeneity concerns. The results of the study are robust against different specifications. The study reveals that assets positively impact a firm’s export performance, emphasising the importance of asset investment for foreign market competition. Asset tangibility negatively impacts export performance, except for low-gearing corporations, and fixed assets dominate. A balanced asset mix is crucial for improving exports. Debt-to-equity ratios, except for high-gearing firms, boost export performance, but domestic firms with high leverage ratios are more likely to fail. To avoid excessive leverage risks, firms must balance debt and equity. Diversifying the asset mix to include liquid and intellectual property can boost export success. Gearing affects export performance differently depending on a firm’s debt levels. Low-geared enterprises can leverage assets and debt to boost exports, while high-geared enterprises may be financially constrained and face challenges from excessive debt. Therefore, enterprises must carefully examine their gearing levels and make informed decisions on optimising their asset composition for optimal export performance. The study also opens up the possibility of further research on the role of exchange rates and firms’ investment in line with export performance.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Anak Melalui Kegiatan Musical Water Glasses Experiment
Authors: Astari Risa Tsani
Published: February 2024

This research aims to improve children's critical thinking skills through the musical water glasses experiment activity. This musical water glasses experiment is a learning activity that contains STEAM elements. This research uses the Classroom Action Research method, which is implemented through four repeated stages, namely planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The research subjects studied were 14 students from group B RA Al-Irsyad, Soreang, Bandung. Based on the results of data analysis, the critical thinking ability of children in group B RA Al-Irsyad, Soreang, Bandung before the musical water glasses experiment activity was implemented, obtained an average score of 34% which categorised as starting to develop. After implementing the musical water glasses experiment activity, children's critical thinking abilities in cycle I obtained an average score of 58%, which categorised as developing as expected and in cycle II it increased to 83.5%, which shows the category of developing very well. Thus, the musical water glasses experiment activity was proven to be able to improve the critical thinking skills of group B children at RA Al-Irsyad, Soreang, Bandung.
Perception Towards Illness/Treatment and Satisfaction Towards Healthcare Services in the Advanced Level Referral Health Facilities
Authors: Astaruddin Ryan , Dwi Endarti  , Andayani Tri Murti , Phodha Tuangrat
Published: February 2024

Since it was enacted in 2014, it has been reported that the number of JKN participants has increased every year. This increase was influenced by perceptions of illness, perceptions of treatment, and service satisfaction. This study aims to describe perception towards illness/treatment and satisfaction towards satisfaction of health services in the advanced level referral health facility (FKRTL) among national health insurance (JKN) participants and determine the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and the perceptions and satisfaction. Method: This research is an analytic observational study with a survey data collection using a cross-sectional approach. The study used a convenience sampling technique with a minimum sample size of 400 respondents. The survey was conducted online to cover respondents from all areas of Indonesia. Result: The study showed that 220 respondents (55%) had positive perceptions of illness, 213 respondents (53.2%) had positive perceptions of treatment, meanwhile 217 respondents (54.2%) %) had a satisfied perception of health services. There was a significant relationship between income level and the perception of illness (p=0.048). Conclusion: Most of the respondents have a positive perception of illness and medicine. In addition, some respondents were satisfied with the health services at the advanced-level referral health facility. The income level variable has a significant relationship with the perception of pain.
Analisis Struktur dan Tekstur Drama dalam Pementasan Pagi Bening Karya Seravin dan Joaquin Alvarez Quintero Terjemahan Sapardi Djoko Damono
Authors: Amelia Tria , Az-Zahra Zahra
Published: February 2024

Sastra dan pertunjukan adalah dua cara kontribusi drama yang berbeda satu sama lain. Perspektif ini memungkinkan pemahaman drama yang lebih lengkap, sehingga memberikan informasi yang lebih menyeluruh. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menyelidiki struktur dan tekstur drama dalam lakon Pagi Bening karya Seravin dan Joaquin Alvarez Quintero serta versi terjemahan oleh Sapardi Djoko Damono. Demikian, lakon Pagi Bening akan dianalisis dari naskah dramanya serta dari video dokumentasi dari pertunjukannya yang di mainkan oleh Teater Stemka Yogyakarta di tahun 2022. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan metode analitik deskriptif. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah naskah drama Pagi Bening dan video dokumentasi pertunjukan Pagi Bening yang dipentaskan pada tahun 2022. Hasil penelitian ini mencakup dua aspek utama, yaitu struktur drama dan tekstur drama. Struktur drama membahas tentang karakter tokoh, alur cerita, dan tema. Empat tokoh utama yang dianalisis adalah Laura, Gonzalo, Petra, dan Juanito. Alur cerita dieksplorisasi berdasarkan naskah yang hanya memiliki satu babak. Tema yang diangkat dalam lakon Pagi Bening berkisah tentang pertemuan cinta masa lalu di masa kini. Sementara itu, analisis tekstur drama fokus pada mood atau suasana emosional yang terlihat dalam pertunjukan. Terdapat lima mood drama yang muncul dalam video pementasan "Pagi Bening." Mood ini dipahami melalui dialog dan pementasan visual yang mendukung adegan, termasuk mood senang, mood kesal, mood mesra, mood sedih, dan mood khawatir.
Pendekatan Teun A Van Dijk Terhadap Berita “Geger Potongan Jari Manusia di dalam Makanan”
Authors: Suyatna Dedi , Hamdani Agus
Published: February 2024

Analisis wacana adalah studi tentang bahasa yang digunakan, baik secara tertulis maupun lisan. Sangat mudah untuk mengidentifikasi ideologi yang tersembunyi di balik berita dengan menganalisis wacana. Analisis ini akan mengungkapkan beberapa pertanyaan. 1. Bagaimana cara melakukan analisis kritis wacana dalam berita? 2. Bagaimana teori Van Dijk mempengaruhi wacana berita sosial sosial “Geger Potongan Jari Manusia di Dalam Makanan” Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode wacana kritis analisis Teun A Van Dijk sebagai dasar. Data deskriptif tidak dikumpulkan dalam bentuk angka, tetapi dalam bentuk kata-kata dan gambar. Oleh karena itu, laporan penelitian ini akan berisi informasi yang menjelaskan cara laporan disajikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa analisis wacana dapat mempertahankan stabilitas sosial di masyarakat sehingga orang tidak mudah terpengaruh oleh berita sebelum menganalisa lebih lanjut. Dalam penelitian ini, ditemukan bahwa Sindonews berusaha untuk mempromosikan pihak yang merasa dirugikan dengan memberikan deskripsi tentang masalah tersebut.
Analisis Wacana Kritis pada Lirik Lagu “Hati-Hati di Jalan” Karya Tulus (Teori Teun A. Van Dijk)
Authors: Nisa' Azkiyatun , Haerussaleh Haerussaleh , Huda Nuril
Published: February 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan aspek teks dan aspek konteks sosial pada lirik lagu “hati-hati di jalan” karya Tulus. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang menggunakan analisis wacana kritis (AWK) dengan model Teun A Van Dijk. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan aspek teks yang terdiri atas struktur makro (tematik), superstruktur (skematik), dan struktur mikro (semantik, sintaksis, stilistik, dan retoris) serta konteks sosial yang terdiri atas elemen akses dan elemen kekuasaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa struktur makro memiliki elemen topik berupa ragam dinamika perasaan manusia, superstruktur memiliki elemen skema berupa introduction, verse, pre-chorus, chorus, reffrein, bridge, modulasi, ending, dan coda, dan struktur mikro memuat makna yang tersirat, kalimat yang berkesinambungan, kosa kata yang tersurat, dan penekanan yang berulang. Penelitian dengan jenis kualitatif deskriptif ini juga memperoleh elemen akses berbentuk penerimaan pendengar terhadap lirik lagu “hati-hati di jalan” karya Tulus dan elemen kekuasaan berbentuk efek ekstrem yang diberikan lirik lagu “hati-hati di jalan”  karya Tulus kepada pedengar.
УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИМИ СИСТЕМАМИ
Authors:   Институт проблем управления им. В.А. Трапезникова РАН, НИЖЕГОРОДЦЕВ Р. М. , ГОРИДЬКО Н. П. ,   Институт проблем управления им. В.А. Трапезникова РАН
Published: February 2024

Учебное пособие ориентировано на студентов магистратуры и старших курсов бакалавриата, обучающихся по программам направлений Экономика и Менеджмент. Центральные группы вопросов, обсуждаемые в нем, связаны с методологией управления изменениями, цикло-ориентированным управлением экономическими системами, оценкой эффективности реализации управленческих решений. Пособие также предназначено для преподавателей, научных сотрудников, специалистов в области управления развитием экономических систем, менеджмента, экономической политики, аспирантов экономических и инженерно-экономических специальностей.
Una ontología híbrida de género: cromosomas, fotografías y ecografías en la circulación de la imaginería fetal en España, 1950-1970
Authors: Santesmases María Jesús
Published: February 2024

Este texto presenta una propuesta de cronología de imágenes fetales en España, que incluye el proceso de producción y circulación de representaciones de cromosomas humanos —el cariotipo como retrato—, de las fotografías hechas y publicadas por el fotógrafo sueco Lennart Nilsson y de las figuras obtenidas por ecografía. Este conjunto de representaciones construyó la cultura visual del feto como una ontología híbrida que tomó la forma de sujeto histórico de género. Esa manufactura medicalizó y tecnificó el embarazo, privilegió al embrión y al feto y restó protagonismo al cuerpo de las mujeres. El trabajo se suma a la historiografía sobre la centralidad del feto, que se analiza aquí como producto de la interacción entre tres tecnologías: la citológica, la fotográfica y la ecográfica.
الملك هنري الثامن ‏وعلاقته بالبابوية
Authors: م. د. عدنان صالح محمد ‏الصياد
Published: February 2024

لم يعرف القارئ العربي ‏الكثير عن علاقة الملك هنري الثامن بالبابوية، على الرغم من احتكاك بريطانيا بالعالم العربي منذ أمد بعيد. وتعد مسألة طلاق هنري الثامن من كاثرين الاراغوانية السبب المباشر للخلاف ‏بين انكلترا والبابوية، وعلى الرغم من مسألة الطلاق، كانت هناك عوامل مهمة ‏أخرى، لم تكن أقل تأثيراً من قضية الملك، تجمعت بمرور الزمن ودفعت بإنكلترا ‏لقطع علاقتها مع البابوية. فقد كانت سياسة البابوات تتعارض مع التطلعات القومية، وكانت سلطة البابا ‏ورجال الدين في فرض الضرائب والمسائل القضائية تتعارض مع الروح القومية، ‏ومساعي الملك هنري الثامن في تقوية السلطة في بلاده، فضلا عن رغبة الانكليز بتوطين الكنيسة في بلادهم والمطالبة بوضع حد لسلطة ونفوذ رجال الدين، الذين كانوا ‏هيأة منفصلة على صورة دولة داخل دولة لا يتبعون سوى رئاستهم ولا يدفعون شيئاً إلا ‏لخزانتهم، وكان الرأي العام مهيئاً لتأييد الملكية في الاستقلال عن كنيسة روما.‏
تم تقسيم البحث إلى ثلاثة محاور، تناول الأول نشأة هنري الثامن ‏وتعليمه وبداية نشاطه السياسي، فيما تناول المحور الثاني اعتلاء هنري الثامن ‏العرش الانكليزي، أما المحور الثالث فقد تطرق إلى جذور الخلاف بين الملك هنري ‏الثامن والبابوية.
شعراء المهن والحرف في العصر المملوكي
Authors: م. م سجى جواد مهدي
Published: February 2024

نجد بعض الشعراء في العصر المملوكي لم يحظوا بمجالس السلاطين, والأمراء إلَّا قليلاً، لذا لم يحصلوا على الجوائز, والهدايا ، فاتجهوا الشعراء أصحاب المهن , والحرف , والصناعات إلى حرفهم باعتباره وسيلة لكسب العيش ، وتميزوا جميعاً بانعكاس طبيعة الحرفة , أو الصنعة على حركتهم الشعرية ، وكتبوا في الكثير من الأغراض الشعرية ، ولوحظ أنَّ هؤلاء الرموز إلى جانب ما احترفوه من مهن , وصناعات مختلفة، لم يتخلفوا عن ملاحقة حركة الشعر في عصرهم ، وعن حمل لواء الإبداع عن فطرة , وطبع , وتلقائية ، واتجه هؤلاء الشعراء الحرفيون إلى الناس ، وتعايشوا معهم بأسلوب بسيط وسهل ، ونلحظ  أَنَّ بعض الشعراء يسخرون من حرفهم , ويذمونها , وأظهروا تبرماً منها ، والغريب أنهم كانوا يمدحونها أحياناً ويهجونها أحياناً أخرى ، فلم تَعُدْ عليهم حرفهم إلَّا بالمهانة , واستخفاف الناس بهم ، لذلك كانت تتملكهم رغبة شديدة بترك حرفهم ، فرأوها سبباً من أسباب تعاستهم , وانحطاط مكانتهم ، وهذا ما دفعهم إلى اللجوء للشعر بغية التكسب ، غير أن آمالهم خابت ، ولم يستفيدوا منه شيئاً في تحسين ظروفهم , وأحوالهم ، فقد كانوا يُعْطَوْنَ النزر اليسير، ويتجرعون الذلَّ , والهوان طلباً لاستجداء المال ، ومع ذلك فقد جمعوا بين الحرفة وصناعة الشعر ، وقد نجد في أشعارهم تبرم الزمان بهم ، وأكثروا من الشكوى , ووصف سوء الحال ، فوصل ضيقهم ندب حظهم العاثر الذي أوقعهم بهذه الحرفة
The Adoption and Efficacy of Large Language Models: Evidence From Consumer Complaints in the Financial Industry
Authors: Shin Minkyu , Kim Jin , Shin Jiwoong
Published: February 2024

Large Language Models (LLMs) are reshaping consumer decision-making, particularly in communication with firms, yet our understanding of their impact remains limited. This research explores the effect of LLMs on consumer complaints submitted to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau from 2015 to 2024, documenting the adoption of LLMs for drafting complaints and evaluating the likelihood of obtaining relief from financial firms. Utilizing a leading AI detection tool, we analyzed over 1 million complaints and identified a significant increase in LLM usage following the release of ChatGPT. We establish a causal relationship between LLM usage and an increased likelihood of obtaining relief by employing instrumental variables to address endogeneity in LLM adoption. Experimental data further support this link, demonstrating that LLMs enhance the clarity and persuasiveness of consumer narratives. Our findings suggest that facilitating access to LLMs can help firms better understand consumer concerns and level the playing field among consumers. This underscores the importance of policies promoting technological accessibility, enabling all consumers to effectively voice their concerns.
Ojcowskie troski i radości Bazylego Rudomicza, czyli o dzieciach w rodzinie zamojskiego patrycjusza w drugiej połowie XVII wieku
Authors: Szamik Monika
Published: February 2024

Celem artykułu jest analiza dzieciństwa widzianego z perspektywy ojca i jego roli w życiu dzieci w rodzinie nowożytnej. Brak opracowań na ten temat wynika m.in. z przewagi przydatnych w takich badaniach źródeł narracyjnych wytworzonych przez kobiety nad tymi wytworzonymi przez mężczyzn. Na tym tle wyróżnia się słabo znany diariusz zamojskiego mieszczanina Bazylego Rudomicza (ok. 1620—1672). Zawiera on liczne zapiski o udziale autora w wychowaniu dzieci i ich codzienności. Badania nad tym źródłem pokazują w nowym świetle rolę ojca w rodzinie nowożytnej i umożliwiają porównywanie różnych sposobów jej realizowania.
Renegotiating Patriarchy: Gender, Agency and the Bangladesh Paradox
Authors: Kabeer Naila
Published: February 2024

The idea of the ‘Bangladesh paradox’ describes the unexpected social progress that Bangladesh has made in recent decades that has been both pro-poor and gender equitable. This began at a time when the country was characterised by extreme levels of poverty, poor quality governance, an oppressive patriarchy and rising Islamic orthodoxy. This ‘paradox’ has evoked a great deal of interest within the international development community because Bangladesh had been dubbed an ‘international basket case’ at the time of its independence in 1971, seemingly trapped in a development impasse. Previous attempts to explain this paradox have generally taken a top-down approach, focusing on the role of leading institutional actors – donors, government, NGOs and the private sector. In Renegotiating Patriarchy: Gender, Agency and the Bangladesh Paradox, Naila Kabeer starts with the rationale that policy actions taken at the top are unlikely to materialise into actual changes if they are not acted on by the mass of ordinary women and men. But what led these women and men to act? And why did they act in ways that modified some of the more oppressive aspects of patriarchy in the country? That is what this book sets out to investigate. It describes the history of the Bengal delta, and the forces that gave rise to the kind of society that Bangladesh was at the time of its independence. It considers the policy and politics that characterised post-independence Bangladesh and how these contributed to the progress captured in the idea of the Bangladesh paradox. But the key argument of the book is that much of this progress reflected the agency exercised by ordinary, often very poor, women in the course of their everyday lives. Their agency helped to translate institutional actions into concrete changes on the ground. To explore why and how this happened, the book draws on a rich body of ethnographic, qualitative and quantitative research on social change in Bangladesh – including studies by the author herself. The book is therefore about how norms and practices can change in progressive ways despite unpropitious circumstances as a result of the efforts of poor women in Bangladesh to renegotiate what had been described as one of the most non-negotiable patriarchies in the world.
Resolution of geotechnical engineering problems with plaxis 2D
Authors: García Ros Gonzalo , Jiménez Valera José Antonio , Alhama Manteca Iván , Martínez Moreno María Encarnación
Published: February 2024

The book consists of seven exercises, each of them easy to identify and relate to the different thematic units that students study throughout their training in soil engineering: safety factors in cuttings and embankments, soil consolidation, seepage flow under retaining structures, shallow foundations, diaphragm walls, and deep foundations. The book is designed to gradually learn the use of the software PLAXIS 2D, so a user with no previous experience with the software should follow the order in which the exercises appear in the text. This book and its contents are only for educational purposes. Its elaboration has been authorized by the PLAXIS brand, owned by the company Bentley Systems.
Master’s Degree Students Training in Higher Education Management in Ukraine
Authors: Saiuk Mariia
Published: February 2024

The article deals with the issue of improving higher education management, which is one of the priorities at the stage of Ukraine’s integration to the European Union. The state of Master’s degree students training in higher education management is determined based on the analysis of national legislation, higher education standards in particular, and appropriative Master’s degree programmes. Based on the educational policies of Ukraine, the approaches to providing such training are comprehensively characterized. It has been identified that in Ukraine, the training in higher education management is carried out within two specialties: “011 Educational and Pedagogical Sciences”, “073 Management”, where study programmes in management prevail quantitatively. Based on enrolment data, it has been determined that pedagogical education programmes are in high demand among applicants. The content, purpose, learning outcomes, educational components of the study programmes, the fulfilment of licensed scope of student number for such Master’s degree programmes and their graduates employment is revealed. For the first time, the common features of the goal of the study programmes in higher education management are summarized in the frame of the two specialties specified above: the training of highly qualified specialists with a high level of management and communication competence as well as capacity to solve problems in the education management sphere. The partial implementation of the principles laid down as the basis of the legislation on higher education quality assurance through the accreditation of study programmes and the strengthening trust in higher education in Ukraine has been revealed. The distribution of higher education entrants between the specialities is determined based on a comparative analysis of the data. The issues concerning the feasibility of higher education managers training in frame of the specialty “281 Public Administration and Management” is considered. It is found out that the most programmes are aimed at the institutional level management. It is proposed that providing higher education managers training at the national and regional levels can be achieved by the implementation of the interdisciplinary study programmes.
PERAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM MENDORONG PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI LOKAL DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN POTENSI SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DAN SUMBER DAYA ALAM MELALUI CAR FREE DAY TEBU KAYAN DI TANJUNG SELOR
Authors: Budiarti Ika Niswatin , Imelda Dewi Qomariah , Yuliansyah Yuliansyah , Rezaisra Gusti Refly
Published: February 2024

Memanfaatkan potensi Sumber Daya Manusia dan Sumber Daya Alam dalam upaya meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi adalah strategi yang sangat penting. Di Indonesia, Car Free Day umumnya digunakan sebagai ruang untuk berolahraga bagi masyarakat perkotaan. Penutupan jalan sebagai dampak dari pemberlakuan Car Free Day memberikan kesempatan bagi masyarakat untuk berolahraga di jalan-jalan yang biasa dilewati kendaraan pribadi. Di Tanjung Selor sendiri Car Free Day dilakukan setiap hari minggu yang berlokasi di sepanjang tepian Sungai kayan mulai dari Tugu Cinta Damai. Car Free Day telah menjadi suatu kegiatan dengan New Trend Activism yang cenderung pada suatu ajang hiburan bagi masyarakat kota dalam menikmati hiburan dan berbelanja. Banyaknya pedagang dan pelaku UMKM memasarkan produk mereka masing-masing. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui bagaimana Peran Pemerintah Daerah dalam mendorong Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Lokal dengan Memanfaatkan Potensi Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) dan Sumber Daya Alam (SDA) Melalui Car Free Day Tebu Kayan di Tanjung Selor. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualtitatif deskriptif Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu: Dinas Perindustrian Perdagangan dan Koperasi (DISPERINDAGKOP), Dinas Pemuda Olahraga dan Pariwisata (DISPORA), Kecamatan Tanjung Selor, Pedagang di Car Free Day, dan pengunjung Car Free Day. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Peran Pemerintah Daerah Dalam upaya mendorong Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Lokal di Tanjung Selor sudah ada peningkatan ekonomi meskipun belum maksimal, dengan memanfaatkan SDA yaitu tepian Sungai kayan dan SDM yang kreatif, inovatif, inisiatif, dan mampu menangkap peluang usaha, selain itu juga adanya peningkatan minat kewirausahaan yang dialami Masyarakat.
ANALYSIS OF THE EXCHANGE RATE LEVEL OF EMERGING MARKET COUNTRIES DURING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK
Authors: Fredo Ramiandrisoa , Heriqbaldi Unggul
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the influences of the COVID-19 Pandemic on exchange rate level in two emerging countries, India and Indonesia, using ARDL Model with time series data from 2020 to 2022. The research examines how the exchange rate level of these two countries changed during the pandemic, and how the factors affected their sovereign bond yields and capital flows. Furthermore, this study compares and contrasts the exchange rate performance of these two countries with different macroeconomic vulnerabilities, such as Interest Rate Differential, Inflation Rate Differential, Industrial Production Index, and Stock Market. The findings reveal that the interest rate differential is the most significant factor influencing exchange rates for both countries in the short run and long run, while the inflation rate differential and the industrial production index are also important for Indonesia. Overall, these two countries should adopt monetary and fiscal policies that maintain a competitive interest rate level, control the inflation rate, stimulate the industrial production, and enhance the transparency and the efficiency of their stock markets. This paper provides policy implications and recommendations for financial stability in the post-pandemic.
Exploring the Association Between Physical Activity and Cognitive Function Among People Living with Dementia
Authors: Jehu Deborah A. , Pottayil Faheem , Dong Yanbin , Zhu Haidong , Sams Richard , Young Lufei
Published: February 2024

Background: Physical activity preserves cognitive function in people without dementia, but the relationship between physical activity and cognitive domains among people living with dementia is unclear. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the association between physical activity and cognition domains among people living with dementia. Methods: Participants living with dementia in residential care facilities (complete case analysis: n = 24/42) completed a battery of cognitive tests (global cognition: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; executive function: Trail-Making Test, Digit Span Forward Test; perception and orientation: Benton Judgement of Line Orientation Test; language: Boston Naming Test; learning and memory: Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; complex attention: Digit Symbol Substitution Test). Participants wore an actigraphy monitor on their non-dominant wrist over seven days. We conducted a linear regression for total physical activity (independent variable) with race (white/black), fall risk (Morse Fall Scale), and the number of comorbidities (Functional Comorbidities Index) as covariates, and cognitive tests as variables of interest. Results: Participants were primarily male (75%), white (87.5%), and 50%had unspecified dementia (Alzheimer’s disease: 33%). Greater physical activity was associated with poorer global cognition, better executive function, and better learning and memory (p s <  0.05). Physical activity was not related to visuospatial perception, language, or complex attention. Conclusions: Physical activity may preserve executive function and learning and memory among people living with dementia. Wandering is more common in later stages of dementia, which may explain greater physical activity observed with lower global cognition. Regularly assessing physical activity may be useful in screening and monitoring cognitive changes.
Trichosanthis Semen Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in Alzheimer’s Disease Models by Inhibiting Amyloid-β Accumulation and Regulating the Akt and ERK Signaling Pathways
Authors: Ju In Gyoung , Lee Seungmin , Kim Seong Hye , Im Hyeri , Eo Hyeyoon , Oh Myung Sook
Published: February 2024

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is characterized by memory loss and the abnormal accumulation of senile plaques composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein. Trichosanthis Semen (TS) is a traditional herbal medicine used to treat phlegm-related conditions. While TS is recognized for various bioactivities, including anti-neuroinflammatory effects, its ability to attenuate AD remains unknown. Objective: To evaluate the effects of TS extract (TSE) on neuronal damage, Aβ accumulation, and neuroinflammation in AD models. Methods: Thioflavin T and western blot assays were used to assess effects on Aβ aggregation in vitro. TS was treated to PC12 cells with Aβ to assess the neuroprotective effects. Memory functions and histological brain features were investigated in TSE-treated 5×FAD transgenic mice and mice with intracerebroventricularly injected Aβ. Results: TSE disrupted Aβ aggregation and increased the viability of cells and phosphorylation of both protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in vitro. TSE treatment also suppressed the accumulation of Aβ plaques in the brain of 5×FAD mice, protected neuronal cells in both the subiculum and medial septum, and upregulated Akt/ERK phosphorylation in the hippocampus. Moreover, TSE ameliorated the memory decline and glial overactivation observed in 5×FAD mice. As assessing whether TS affect Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in the Aβ-injected mice, the effects of TS on memory improvement and neuroinflammatory inhibition were confirmed. Conclusions: TSE disrupted Aβ aggregation, protected neurons against Aβ-induced toxicity, and suppressed neuroinflammation, suggesting that it can suppress the development of AD.
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Frontotemporal Dementia: More Than Just Noise?
Authors: Altomare Daniele , Rivolta Jasmine , Libri Ilenia , Mattioli Irene , Cantoni Valentina , Padovani Alessandro , Borroni Barbara
Published: February 2024

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms cause significant suffering and poor quality of life for patients and their caregivers. They are not considered specific to frontotemporal dementia (FTD); therefore, their clinical role and impact might be underestimated. Objective: The aims of the present study are to: 1) describe the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in FTD starting from the prodromal stage, 2) define their association with disease severity, 3) identify symptoms which are unrelated to FTD-specific symptoms, and 4) assess their association with clinical features and outcomes. Results: In this retrospective study, we analyzed data of 461 FTD patients, including behavioral variant of FTD (bvFTD, n = 318) and primary progressive aphasia (PPA, n = 143). Neuropsychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, and patients’ staging and global disease severity were estimated using the Clinical Dementia Rating plus NACC FTLD. Results: The most common neuropsychiatric symptoms in prodromal FTD were irritability (48%), depression (35%), and anxiety (34%); delusions were reported in 6%of prodromal bvFTD cases. The severity of most neuropsychiatric symptoms increased with global disease severity. Psychosis (delusions and hallucinations) and mood symptoms (depression and anxiety) were mostly independent from FTD-specific symptoms. Psychosis was associated with older age, higher disease severity, shorter survival rate, and was higher in bvFTD than in PPA. Conclusions: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common in patients with FTD, also in the prodromal phase. Psychosis might be unrelated to FTD pathology, and be associated with worse clinical outcomes. The prompt detection and treatment of these symptoms might improve patient’s management and quality of life.
The Effect of Visual Arts Educative Practices on Social Functionality in Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Engin Ali Osman , Satir Kayserili Menduha , Demirtaş Bircan , Engin Mustafa Çağrı
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this research is to examine the effectsof visual arts educative practices on social functionality of patients with schizophrenia. The study population of the research consisted of 196 schizophrenia patients who were registered in Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital Community Mental Health Center diagnosed with schizophrenia and still continuing their treatment. The study sample consisted 30 patients in total and 15 of which were experimental and 15 were control groups who read the informed consent form and accepted the information statement voluntarily. The criteria for inclusion in the study were to be between the ages of 18-68 to participate in the research voluntarily to answer the tests and to take part in educative visual arts practices. Social functionality scale was applied to the experimental and control groups as a pre-test and post-test. Visual arts applications were made to the experimental group, but no application was made to the control group. According to the findings it was concluded that the visual arts educative practices applied to the experimental group had a positive effect on the development of socialfunctionality of patients with schizophrenia.