bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of the Behavioural Intentions of Households to Recycle E-Waste in Sri Lanka
Authors: Deyshappriya N.P Ravindra , Kumari M.M.T.D.M
Published: December 2021

This study seeks to recognize the determinants of behavioural intentions of households to recycle e-waste (ER = e-waste recycling) in Sri Lanka. Structural equation modelling was applied to analyse the data of 230 households. The measurement model confirmed the appropriateness of the considered constructs and variables to estimate statistical relationships among the recognized variables. The structural model emphasized that factors such as environmental awareness, attitude to recycling, social pressure, and rules and regulations positively affect the behavioural intentions to recycle e-waste while the inconvenience and cost of recycling affect it negatively in Sri Lanka. Apart from that the moderating effect stresses that previous experience in ER reduces the inconvenience of recycling and therefore past experience of ER indirectly increases the perception of ER. This study also highlights that socio-economic factors such as education, age, household size, gender, and income significantly affect the behavioural intentions to recycle e-waste and the impact of these demographic factors varies across the urban, rural, and state sectors.
Impact of Demonetization on Shareholders’ Wealth: Case of India
Authors: Abhishek Parikh
Published: December 2021

This paper examines the impact of demonetization on shareholders’ return in India. After the demonetization announcement in India (8 November 2016) money became a significant source of stress. It is documented that this announcement had various effects on individual, social, and economic levels. The data of shareholders’ returns from before and after demonetization for 60 months from October 2012 to November 2017 were collected using a capital line database. The results depict that demonetization ruined shareholders’ wealth for 12 months. However, in the long run it gives investors very attractive returns.
The Effects of Market and Macroeconomic Uncertainties on Corporate Investment Decisions in Nigeria
Authors: OSOSUAKPOR Jonathan Oniovosa
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the effect of market and macroeconomic uncertainties on corporate investment decisions was examined using the real option investment theory. Two types of uncertainties were investigated: macroeconomic uncertainties (exchange, interest and inflation rates) and market uncertainty (stock market volatility) while corporate investments were measured as the sum of the changes in capital stock and depreciation. Data were obtained for the period 2005-2019 and the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) estimation technique was employed. The results showed a significant difference between the effects of macroeconomic and market uncertainties on corporate investment decisions. We found that macroeconomic uncertainty of inflation rate has positive relationship with corporate investments, with a coefficient of 0.35071, and interest rate uncertainty (0.15567) and exchange rate uncertainty (-0.07852) were also statistically significant, whereas the linear market uncertainty has a negative value of -0.00173 and the quadratic market uncertainty (0.00520) was statistically insignificant. Therefore, interest rate volatility and inflation expectations are not factors constraining investment growth; however, exchange rate uncertainty exerts a substantial negative influence on corporate investment in Nigeria. Given the findings, the study recommends, among others, an appropriate and stable exchange rate policy that makes for easy business planning and forecasting by rational investors. To achieve a stable exchange rate that would bring about increased investment, the government should implement efficient macroeconomic policies, such as those that minimize the structural rigidities in the economy.
A Smart Shelf Design for Retail Store Real Time Inventory Management Automation
Authors: TAMER Ozgur , KOKLU Tunca
Published: December 2021

Conventional retail store inventory management systems rely on stockroom actions. However, especially in big scale retail stores, a certain amount of goods is placed on the display shelves. The items placed on the display shelves are not counted until their tags are identified by a cash register and marked as sold in the inventory management system. In this study, we propose a smart shelf that is capable of counting the specific items placed on it by detecting the location and the weight of the items. Our approach assumes that specific items in a retail store are placed in a specified location on each shelf, which is a widely preferred approach. The identified product information is then transferred to the inventory management system through the local network connection, and products on the display shelves can be counted in real time. The results show that the location and weight of the items can be identified with remarkable accuracy.
Perception of the city in different groups of children residing in a megapolis: comparative analysis
Authors:   Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Drobysheva Tatiana V. , Voytenko Maria Yu. ,   Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

The problem of interaction of preschool children with the urban environment is analyzed. The study appears to be of relevance due to its focus on children’s personal agency investigated through their perception of objects and phenomena of the social and physical space of the megalopolis. The study aims to perform a comparative analysis of how groups of children who differ in their modality and orientation of their attitude to the urban environment perceive the city. Presumably, there are differences in the perception of the megalopolis by preschool children. It is also assumed that there is correlation between the attitude of children to the city and the degree of their personal agency properties. The study involved 115 children aged 5.5 to 6.5 years old, living in full families, in two districts of Moscow (58% of them are girls, 42% of them are boys). The experts were teachers of preschool institutions attended by the respondents. Psychodiagnostic tools were used including a semi-structured interview, a drawing test "The City Where I Live", the methodology "Peculiarities of Manifestation of the Preschoolers’ Will" (R.M. Gevorkyan), the scale "autonomy" of the methodology "Typology of Subject Regulation of the Child" (S. V. Khusainova and G. S. Prygin), and a questionnaire. The results of the research demonstrate that children differ in their orientation and modality of attitude to objects and phenomena of the social, natural, objective and spatial environment of the city, and in their attitude to environmental problems of the city and orientation towards their solution. The selectivity and scope of the perception of the urban environment depends on the meaning which children attribute to these objects and phenomena, as well as on personal experience of interacting with them. The importance of the social environment of the city is associated with children’s pronounced independence and self-control; the negative modality of attitude to objects and phenomena of the social environment is associated with reduced self-control of behavior. The increased attention of children to the environmental problems of the city is due to the upbringing by grandparents. The research shows that in conditions of limited interaction with objects and phenomena of the urban environment, children compensate for the lack of experience with fantasies about a fabulous and ideal city. The results of the study can be used to identify priorities in the field of social policy in relation to children at the stage of early socialization, as well as when making decisions on optimizing the urban environment which is friendly to children.
Professional development training of cadets at military universities
Authors:   Branch of the Federal State Military Educational Institution of Higher Education Military Training and Research Center of the Air Force “Air Force Academy named after Professor N. E. Zhukovsky and Yu. A. Gagarin”, Pichkurov Alexey A.
Published: December 2021

The research appears to be of relevance due to the ongoing modernization of the system of military training. One of its directions is to establish the compatibility of personal and professional qualities of cadets with the model of a modern military specialist. The aim of the research is to carry out a qualitative analysis of the requirements imposed on the modern military by society and the state in order to reveal the essence of the professional development training of cadets. The study hypothesizes that the collective and co-operational nature of professional development training implemented on the basis of a culturological approach to education creates optimal conditions for the professional and personal growth of cadets in the process of their introduction to military culture. The difference between professional training and military training is analyzed. The culturological approach to cadet professional development training is justified as the methodological basis of professional development training. The author proposes an axiological interpretation of the process of professional development training within the framework of the culturological approach. The main aspects of professional development training are briefly described: intellectual, moral, physical, labor. The key principles of professional development training based on the culturological approach are identified: purposefulness, consistency, continuity, professional orientation, patriotic orientation, humanism, and collectivism. The article emphasizes the collective and co-operational nature (polysubjectivity) of professional development training. The author suggests the definition of the “subject of professional development training”. The subjects of professional development training are cadets, officers, teachers, and university cultural organizations. Apparently, the structure of professional development training (its organizational, content and procedural aspects) varies depending on the subject of professional development training. The article concludes that introduction of practices of psychological and pedagogical support of the prospective military into their professional development training can be seen as the way to modernize the system of professional development training at military universities.
RESEARCH OF MODERN PASSENQER TRANSPORTATION OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT IN UKRAINE
Authors: Кonstantinov D. V. , Konovalyuk L. V.
Published: December 2021

In the article deals with the study of modern high-speed passenger railway transport of Ukraine andthe proposals on their improvement. The sides discussed the efficiency of operation of modern systems ofhigh-speed traffic on the example of trains category intercity+ and intercity and determined prospects of itsdevelopment. As the most promising areas was selected the necessity of introduction of domestic high-speedrolling stock, creation of the system of decision support for flexible control of the operation of the rollingstock and the application of the elements of the marketing and logistics management to improve the quality of passenger service.
IMPROVING PASSENGER ON THE BASED OF RATIONALIZATION OF PASSENGER CAR FLEET
Authors: Kovalenko V. V. , Malakhovа O. A.
Published: December 2021

The analysis of the systemic problems that hinder the organization and development of passengertraffic. A significant deficiency fleet of passenger cars and the lack of sufficient funding leads to a reductionin Route trains, increase usage , and therefore the depreciation of cars, frequency change plying.The solution of these problems , at present , possible due to rationalization Route train with theelimination of re downtime in fixed and working depot, ringing schemes trains, railroad closure low-densitystations and depots. The task of rationalizing the routes proposed to solve using mathematical tools of graph theory.
OPTIMIZING THE USE OF EMPTY WAGONS IN THE DEFICIT OF ROLLING STOCK
Authors: Rybalchenko Liliya Igorivna , Frankowski Dmitry
Published: December 2021

In the current economic conditions it becomes necessary to increase the competitiveness of railtransport. Due to the lack of cars and their poor condition, there are situations when it is impossible totimely provide the required type of wagons all shippers because railroads suffer some losses. To purchasenew rolling stock requires significant investment, so there is a problem of rational use of available transportunits in operation. One option is the rationalization of the development of new approaches to car traffic,such as the use of new information management systems that help decide the operational staff.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE CONTAINER TERMINAL STATION IN KHARKOV-LISKY CALCULATION AND ITS ABILITY PROCESSING
Authors: Pogrebna G. , Petrushov V. V.
Published: December 2021

The article describes and analyzes technology issues Container Terminal, payment processing abilitywas done by means of mechanization for local container and payment processing ability by means ofmechanization for transit containers empirical method. Set targets for improvements in technologyContainer Terminal. Implemented by the old methods of calculations showed that existing stream processing platform container parameters (size,technical equipment) are sufficient , with a significant margin. That existing technical equipment should be sufficient in the short term .And to optimize container item should beone tapremoved, which will enable to save operating costscontainer yards. But due to the existence ofcustoms control,Terminal operation , technical and technological obsolescence cargohandling mechanismsin the most intense months of processingcapacity is not provided in full.If all parts of the production will runsmoothly, namelycontainer item handling equipment , the current workflow Station Kharkov - Liska willprovidefour basic principles: continuity , rhythm , parallelism andpotochnist all operations of the maximumcombination with high quality unconditional use.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PARTICULARITIES OF THE SHAPING TURNING MOMENTS IN MECHANICAL SYSTEM OF THE ENERGY INSTALLING THE DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE ON BASE OF THE USE THE HARMONIOUS ANALYSIS
Authors: Bratchenko Alexander Vasilyevich
Published: December 2021

Motivated urgency of the undertaking accounting-experimental studies tense-deformed conditions ofthe separate nodes and details of the energy installation diesel locomotive z diesel of the type D49, to whichin the first place follows to refer the crankshaft. Considered importance of the creation to mathematicalmodel, which allows on stage of the designing already or at modernizations forced much cylinders of thediesels to value the influence of the fluctuations turning moments on dynamic loads not only, which areformed in sections cylinder modules, but and on work mechanism distribution exhaust gas and presentingfuel in cylinder. The Presented description of the particularities of the shaping turning moments inmechanical system of the energy installing the diesel locomotive on base of the use the harmonious analysis.As example of the use designed mathematical model is brought row of the harmonicas, from which forms thecurve of the change turning moment in section of the crankshaft eighth cylinder module of the energyinstallation with diesel D49.
Morality, Deviance, and Regulation: Pragmatist Motifs in Plato's "Republic" and "Laws"
Authors: Prus Robert
Published: December 2021

Envisioning morality, deviance, and regulation as enduring features of human group life, and using symbolic interaction (Mead 1934; Blumer 1969; Prus 1996; Prus and Grills 2003) as a conceptual device for traversing the corridors of time, this paper asks what we may learn about deviance and morality as humanly engaged realms of community life by examining Plato's (420-348 BCE) Republic and Laws. Focusing on the articulation of two model communities, with Republic primarily under the guidance of a set of philosopher-kings and Laws more comprehensively under the rule of a constitution, Plato considers a wide array of matters pertinent to the study of morality, deviance, and regulation. Thus, whereas many social scientists have dismissed Plato's texts as the works of a “utopian idealist” and/or an “ancient philosopher,” Republic and Laws have much to offer to those who approach the study of human knowing and acting in more distinctively pragmatist sociological terms. Indeed, because these two volumes address so many basic features of community life (including morality, religion, politics, poetics, and education) in extended detail, they represent particularly valuable transhistorical and transcultural comparison points for contemporary analysis. Although the products of a somewhat unique period in Western civilization (i.e., the classical Greek era, circa 700-300 BCE), Plato's Republic and Laws are very much studies of social order. Plato's speakers, in each case, clearly have notions of the moral order that they wish to promote, but, to their sociological credit, they also embark on more distinctively analytic considerations of the broader processes and problematics of humanly engaged life worlds. Still, given the practical restraints of a single paper and the extended relevance of Plato's texts for the topics at hand, readers are cautioned that the present statement focuses primarily on those materials from Republic that most directly address deviance and regulation and mainly the first six books of Laws. Employing Prus and Grills (2003) depictions of deviance as a series of generic social processes as a contemporary reference point, the paper concludes with a consideration of the relevance and contributions of Plato's Republic and Laws for the study of morality, deviance, and regulation as fundamental features of human group life.
When Symbolic Action Fails: Illustrations from Small-Claims Court
Authors: Yarbrough Michael W.
Published: December 2021

This article extends the cultural-pragmatics model of symbolic action developed by Jeffrey Alexander and his associates, which observes that symbolic action has become difficult in contemporary, highly differentiated societies. When symbolic action succeeds, the cultural-pragmatics approach argues it does so by re-“fusing” the elements of social performance, which have been disaggregated by the effects of social differentiation. Fusion produces affectively charged shared interpretations with the power to reshape the social world in important ways. Drawing on an example from my own ethnographic research, I argue that the current articulation of cultural pragmatics is unable to apprehend instances when such affectively charged shared interpretations are produced even when the actor or actors in a performance fail to achieve their performative goals. In this article I introduce the concept of “meta-performance” as a tool for analyzing such instances, arguing that this enables us to consider interpretive vantage points that are not conditioned by the actor’s intent. I then apply my extended meta-performative model to the ethnographic episode that inspired it. This bitterly fought court case between an adult daughter and her family produced a shared feeling among those assembled of hopeless deadlock between the family members, drawing a series of sharp symbolic boundaries – inter alia, between the daughter and her family and between “love” and “money” – not only despite, but precisely because all the participants’ component performances failed.
What Counts as Qualitative Research? Some Cautionary Comments
Authors: Silverman David
Published: December 2021

Many PhD students begin as unconscious Naturalists or Emotionalists using interview studies to report people’s “experience” of an unquestioned social “problem.” An analysis of articles in one journal shows that this naïve use of interview data has become the common currency of qualitative research. In a critique of one such article, I show how interview studies may simply reproduce interviewees’ own accounts, glossed over by a few social science categories. By “mining” interviews for apposite extracts, such researchers lose sight of how sequence is consequential for what we say and do. Much more needs to be done if qualitative research is not to be just a set of techniques but an analytic project, different from journalism.
Ethnography and Craft Knowledge
Authors: Atkinson Paul
Published: December 2021

The paper has twin themes: the creative work of ethnographic interpretation, and the ethnographic interpretation of creative work. Illustrated with reference to recent and current fieldwork on craft, dance, and opera, it suggests some ways in which the ethnographer might creatively engage with her or his chosen fields. It criticizes the current view of “grounded theory,” which is found to be far too procedurally driven, in favor of more creative explorations of data.
A Dyadic View on the Post-separation Network of Single Mothers
Authors: Mortelmans Dimitri , Verheyen Wendy
Published: December 2021

Many empirical studies have focused on the quantitative changes in the social networks of divorced and separated people. In this qualitative study, we use interviews with dyads to construct a two-sided view of the support network after separation. The aim of the study is to gain insight into the needs for support after a relational breakup. Including a network member in the analysis enables a more detailed view on the interaction at hand in the bond between these women and their supportive network members. The results show that personal coping resources are left untouched. Giving advice on ones daily activities is counter-productive. This is better understood by non family members compared to the women’s parents (especially the mother). With respect to the reciprocity in these relationships, network members do not expect a return in the period after the separation.
Anchoring Amongst the Waves: Discursive Constructions of Motherhood and Addiction
Authors: Kilty Jennifer M. , Dej Erin
Published: December 2021

The authors problematize essentialized notions of motherhood both ideologically and through criminalized women’s accounts of correctional programming discourses that engage these notions as a way to foster “motherhood as praxis.” Using data from interviews conducted with former female prisoners, we analyze how substance using mothers invoke the concept of a “good” mother by negotiating its meaning through techniques of self-surveillance and the surveillance of other criminalized mothers. Women use this renegotiated identity as inspiration to move away from activities in conflict with motherhood, such as using drugs and/or alcohol. Correctional authorities in drug rehabilitation programs encourage women to use motherhood as an “anchor” upon which to stop using and the women appeal to this identity to responsibilize their actions. Dichotomizing conceptualizations of a selfless, nurturing, and chaste mother with an addict identity is in fact a precarious rehabilitation tactic. We hypothesize that women who feel they cannot live up to the idealized notion of motherhood might use drugs to cope with feelings of inadequacy, a point that requires further research. Using a framework where motherhood is the key to recovery not only reinforces the addict identity should a woman relapse, it necessarily indicates failure as a mother.
Constructing and Deconstructing Teen Pregnancy as a Social Problem
Authors: Neiterman Elena
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this paper is to examine teenage pregnancy as a social problem using social constructionist perspective. Analyzing qualitative interviews with 11 young mothers and relying on the media analysis of popular North American newspapers and magazines, I examine claims-making activity around the definition of teenage pregnancy as a social problem. I start this paper, situating my arguments in the social constructionist literature on social problems. In the second part of this paper I review the literature on teen pregnancy and identify three major themes that dominate academic and public discourse on pregnancy as a social problem. After describing the methodological approach I took to conduct this study, I move on to present my findings. I demonstrate that in negotiating their mothering skills, young teenage mothers construct their claims about pregnancy, parenthood and their future vis-à-vis the dominant public discourse on teen pregnancy. They reconstruct their pregnancy and mothering as non-deviant, claim their status as mature and responsible mothers and challenge the importance of biological age as a predictor of successful mothering. I summarize this paper suggesting that these young women’s narratives should be considered the claims-making activity of a marginalized population of young mothers who are rarely heard in public, yet they do challenge our assumptions about teen mothering and find their own way to resist the dominant discourse on teen pregnancy.
​Studies on Heterotic Trends in Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] for Yield and Earliness
Authors: Reddy A. Kavitha , Reddy D. Mohan , Vemireddy Lakshminarayana R. , Sudhakar P. , Reddy B.V. Bhaskara
Published: December 2021

Background: As blackgram cultivation is majorly spread in rain fed areas, breeding short duration and high yielding blackgram varieties is of profound importance to tackle terminal moisture stress and reap impressive yields by breaking the yield plateau. Hence, the present study was aimed to identify highly heterotic cross combinations for yield and earliness. Methods: Six parents along with 15 F1s were evaluated (rabi, 2019) for seed yield and its component traits along with earliness to estimate the magnitude of heterosis. Result: The cross LBG-752 × TBG-104 exhibited heterosis estimates in desirable direction for yield and earliness. The next best crosses were LBG-752 × PU-31, TU-40 × TBG-104, LBG-752 × TU-40 and IPU-2-43 × TBG-104. Because of its autogamous genetic architecture and biological constraints in large scale economic hybrid seed production, heterosis could be exploited only by isolating the early maturing and high yielding segregants followed by bi-parental or recurrent selection in early segregating generations and single plant selection in subsequent generations that would result in short duration and high yielding blackgram variety that fits well into different ecological niches.
Optimización del diseño en manufactura y ensamblaje de un producto de ayuda técnica para personas con movilidad reducida en la playa
Authors: Vásquez-Carvajal Hilda , Arce-Murillo María F. , Gamboa-Salas Tiffany
Published: December 2021

Las playas han sido uno de los mayores atractivos turísticos de Costa Rica y el 76 % de los turistas extranjeros las han frecuentado en su estadía en el país. De hecho, Costa Rica fue elegido el mejor destino a nivel mundial para la población jubilada. Pero, curiosamente, una de sus mayores problemáticas ha sido que muy pocas playas son accesibles y amigables para personas con discapacidad o adultos mayores. Actualmente, existen solo siete playas con rampas para sillas de ruedas o entradas accesibles en el país. Para solventar este problema, fueron diseñadas las muletas Amphibio, una ayuda técnica para que personas con movilidad inferior reducida puedan disfrutar de este ambiente. Se estudió y aplicó la metodología de Design for X y Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DFMA), con lo cual se logró optimizar el proceso de manufactura del producto y se concluyó con una nueva versión con mejoras significativas en su proceso de ensamble y fabricación.  La implementación de estas metodologías en el desarrollo del producto logró generar un nuevo diseño tomando en cuenta no solo al usuario, sino también su fabricación y ensamblaje. Se observaron mejoras significativas en términos de cantidad de piezas, materiales principales, tipos de uniones y procesos de manufactura.
Obeziteye Multidisipliner Yaklaşım: Sağlıklı - Kalıcı Kilo Verme ve Psikolojik Belirtiler Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: ŞAYIK Dilek , AK Ahmet , DİNİBÜTÜN ÖĞRÜNÇ Ezgi , ERMİS Sevilay Süreyya , MUSMUL Ahmet
Published: December 2021

Obez bireyler normal kilolu olan bireylere göre fiziksel ve psikolojik hastalıklar yönünden daha fazla risk taşıyabilmektedir. Bu çalışma, obez hastalara Obezite Merkezinde uygulanan multidisipliner yaklaşımın sağlıklı - kalıcı kilo verme ve psikolojik belirtilere etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Kesitsel tipte olan bu araştırma 12 aylık (6 modül) Obezite Merkezi Eğitim Programını (OMEP) tamamlamış 50 obez birey ile yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 47,36±12,88 ve %96,0’ı (n=48) kadındır. İlkokul ve ortaokul mezunu olan katılımcıların Beden Kitle İndeksi (BKİ) daha yüksektir. Katılımcıların 12 aylık multidispliner yaklaşımlı OMEP sonrasında metabolizma yaşı, vücut ağırlığı, BKİ, vücut yağ kitlesi ağırlığı ve yağsız doku kitlesi ağırlığının anlamlı olarak azaldığı saptanmıştır. Katılımcıların Beck Depresyon ortalamasının 18,68±7,94’ten (orta derece depresyon) 10,56±5,60’a (hafif derecede depresyon) anlamlı olarak düştüğü belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların uygulama sonrasındaki depresyon düzeyi (10,56±5,60) ile modül sonu BKİ değeri (34,48±4,86) arasında ileri düzeyde pozitif pozitif yönde ilişki saptanmıştır. Obezite ile mücadele için obez bireylere uygulanan multidisipliner yaklaşımın kalıcı ve sağlıklı kilo vermede etkili olduğu ve psikolojik semptomları azalttığı görülmektedir. Obez bireylerin kilo verme sürecinde sağlık profesyonelleri tarafından desteklenmeleri önemlidir.
Segurança privada e tortura
Authors: Dias Camila Caldeira , De Souza Gomes Mayara , Marques Gorete , Donofrio Walter
Published: December 2021

A partir de um estudo de caso, este artigo discute como práticas de tortura têm sido utilizadas em interações sociais que envolvem agentes privados. Em particular, de que maneira a expansão de novos atores no exercício do controle social no país, como é o caso das empresas de segurança privada, têm colaborado para uma nova compreensão do uso da violência e de que forma essa prática e a repressão aparecem como dispositivos presentes nas rotinas de controle, proteção patrimonial e vigilância de espaços comerciais. Por meio da análise documental do inquérito policial que apurou um caso de tortura de um adolescente, ocorrido em um supermercado na cidade de São Paulo, procuramos trazer alguns elementos para essa reflexão. Somado a isso, argumentamos como estas novas configurações da tortura, com contextos e atores cada vez mais plurais, acabam por refletir também na percepção daqueles que são incumbidos de classificar, processar e punir legalmente indivíduos por práticas de tortura, ou seja, como os atores do sistema de justiça criminal atualizam os significados desse tipo de violência através de suas próprias compreensões e reinterpretações polissêmicas acerca da prática da tortura. Depreende-se, portanto, como a tortura além de estar presente em contextos cada vez mais diversos, tem igualmente servido para perpetuar relações de poder historicamente baseadas na desigualdade social e racial.
İndüktif Eşleşmiş Plazma-Kütle Spektrometresi ile Hypericum triquetrifolium Türünün Elementel Analizi
Authors: Aydınoğlu Sabriye , Serbetcı Tuba
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada Adana-Tarsus bölgesinden toplanan Hypericum triquetrifolium bitkisinin topraküstü kısımındaki metaller; kurşun(Pb), civa(Hg), arsenik(As), selenyum(Se) ve yarı metaller; alüminyum (Al), kadmiyum (Cd) bakır (Cu), demir (Fe), nikel (Ni), çinko (Zn), kobalt (Co), kalsiyum (Ca), potasyum(K) içerikleri indüktif eşleşmiş plazma-kütle spektrometresi (ICP-MS) yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Bitki numunesinin analize hazır hale getirilmesi aşamasında mikrodalga yakma yöntemi ile numuneler çözünür hale getirilmiştir. ICP-MS ölçümleri sonucunda, yüksek toksik özellik gösteren kadmiyum ve arsenik metallerine rastlanmazken, diğer yüksek toksik özellik gösteren ağır metal içerikleri; civa (0,35±0,01mg.kg-1) ve kurşun (6,36±0,25mg.kg-1) olarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, bitki numunesinde toprak alkali metallerden kalsiyum (1226,780±43,4 mg.kg-1) ve potasyum (10308±103,7 mg.kg-1) içeriklerinin oldukça yüksek oranda bulundukları tespit edilmiştir. Bitki içeriğinde analizi gerçekleştirilen diğer elementlerin miktarları; Se (129,8± 3,9mg.kg-1) Al (373,95±17,1 mg.kg-1), Cu (12,6±0.7 mg.kg-1), Fe (609,3±24,1 mg.kg-1), Ni(8,7±0,4 mg.kg-1), Zn(25,2±1,2 mg.kg-1), Co (0,08±0,01 mg.kg-1) olarak belirlenmiştir.
Social Networks in Modern Russia: Scale, Structure and Functioning Mechanisms
Authors: Karavay Anastasia
Published: December 2021

In the article, based on the data of the Institute of Sociology of the FCTAS RAS in 2021, it is shown that most representatives of mass segments of the population have access to resource exchange in social networks and only 16% of them are completely excluded from it. It is also demonstrated that the resource potential of the networks of representatives of these layers is in most cases limited to simple monetary types of help. At the same time, the structure of the networks is asymmetric – there are fewer donors in them than recipients. It is shown that among the participants of social networks there are “pure recipients” who receive aid, but do not provide it, and donors are heterogeneous in their resource potential, and three quarters of them have it at a very low level. It is also recorded that the basis of resource exchange in Russian networks is approximately 7% of the population, which can be described as high-resource donors. They not only help others, but also receive help from networks, moreover, they are the main beneficiaries of membership in networks. As a result of this structure and principles of functioning, social networks tend to deepen social inequalities rather than smooth them out. The mechanisms of formation and functioning of social networks are related to the opportunities for close communication of their participants and their lifestyle in general. The pandemic had a positive impact on mutual help in Russian society, which was expressed in increasing access to resource exchange in networks, converting it into real help and expanding the prevalence of previously atypical forms of social network development for post-Soviet Russia.
Civilizational features of the development of Russia in the context of modern social transformations
Authors: Pantin Vladimir I.
Published: December 2021

The article examines the main civilisational features of the development of Russia and their role in the modern socio-political transformations of Russian society. These features, according to the author, include the leading role of the state in the implementation of development projects and resource mobilisation; uneven socio-political development in time and space (development of society by impulses and jerks); combination in social dynamics of numerous opposite tendencies; periodic change of cultural and geopolitical vectors of development, caused by social delimitation and divisions. Arguments are given in favour of the fact that many of these features of the development of Russian society are due to the special, intermediate geographical, geopolitical and cultural-civilisational position of Russia between the civilisations of the West and the East. The author proves that a simple, uncritical borrowing and copying of Western political institutions without reformatting and adapting them to the conditions of modern Russia will either lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of these institutions, or to their serious degeneration and change. It is concluded that in the development and implementation of any projects of socio-political and economic development, it is essential to take into account both the general civilisational features of Russia and the internal Russian regional, local specifics, local socio-cultural norms and traditions, since their ignoring can lead to breaking the main social, cultural and value structures of Russian society.In addition, in modern conditions of global socio-political transformations and the numerous challenges associated with them it is extremely important for successful socio-political development to organically combine traditions with the necessary social innovations. However, as shown in the article, at present in Russia there is no such organic combination, and this seriously hinders socio-economic and cultural development. This implies the need to combine centralised planning and the development of federal development projects with the initiatives and proposals of local and regional communities, to focus not only on regional and local bureaucratic structures, but also on initiatives coming "from below" from groups of active citizens, from public organisations, volunteers and others. The author comes to the conclusion that this is especially important in the situation of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the crisis socio-economic and political phenomena caused by it.
Attitudes towards professions as an indicator of social changes
Authors: Konstantinovskiy David L.
Published: December 2021

Analysis of attitude towards various professions (attractiveness or prestige) is a integral part of studying the choice of profession. The dynamics of the attitude of young people to the studies indicates that it is clearly connected with the current situation and changes when new phenomena arise in it. Thus, in the data of the 1960s echoes of recent events are noticeable - the launch of the first Soviet "Sputniks", the Yuri Gagarin's flight. The connection with the demand for professions, one way or another related to science and technology, is obvious: the attractiveness of the occupations of scientists and engineers is great. During the years of economic difficulties and shortages, attention was drawn to the rise in the attractiveness of the professions of a seller, an accountant, which had previously been among the lowest rated. Then the time came when the leaders were professions of a bank employee, a lawyer, a businessman, a foreign trade worker, and scientists, teachers fell lower and lower on the scale of attractiveness. In the 2010s, a civil servant joined the leaders.

The opinions expressed in each subsequent year belong to a different cohort of young people. Analysis of the dynamics over a long period of time also allows one to draw conclusions about the characteristics belonging to different generations. At the same time, it is found that in order to interpret the data, it is necessary to consider the attitude towards classes in connection with the accumulated experience of the family as well. Family experiences are translated into educational and vocational orientations of children. This is confirmed by data on motivation and the actual choice of education and profession. The conclusion that the formation of youth orientations is associated not only with the perception of the current situation, but also with the social experience of previous generations, is based on the materials of over 50 years of data.
Legal awareness of citizens and legal information burnout issue
Authors: Gertsog Tamara Y.
Published: December 2021

We analyze the concept of legal awareness of citizens, its structure, significance for a particular individual and for society as a whole, ways to increase the level of legal awareness of the population, as well as the con-sequences due to an increase in the level of legal awareness. We cover the is-sue of excess information in the legal sphere, its causes and consequences. We consider the essence of legal information burnout, its signs, potential danger and impact, identified preventive measures and methods to combat this phenomenon. We comprehend the impact of excessive legal information on professional deformation and professional burnout of lawyers, we have determined the functional significance of excessive legal information to citi-zens to maintain the proper level of their legal functional literacy. The pur-pose of the study is to determine the relationship between the increased vol-ume of legal awareness, information overload, legal information burnout and, as a consequence, the professional deformation of lawyers. We make an attempt to declare the existence of the phenomenon, which is conventionally called by the author legal information burnout. The study will be of interest to specialists in the field of jurisprudence, psychology, information technology, and may also be useful for other specialists and all those who are interested in the issues of this issue.
The legal status of emigrants from Russia in the first years after the October Revolution of 1917 (on the example of North Caucasians)
Authors: Murdalov Anzor A. , Tovsultanov Rustam A.
Published: December 2021

Emigration has been known to mankind for more than a century. We name the factors contributing to emigration, give examples from the history of emigration both abroad and Russia. We emphasize that at the present time, Russian citizens emigrate to other countries, using the right to freely leave the state, and can also have dual citizenship under Russian law, or renounce citizenship, and then get it again. We pay special attention to the settlement of the territory of North Caucasus, which began in the 8th – 7th –
6th – 5th thousand BC. We analyze the features of emigration of people from North Caucasus after the October Revolution of 1917. The specifics of the emigration of people from this region of country are emphasized. Thus, the majority of people emigrated to the Ottoman Empire, and then moved to Europe. We indicate that in fact, after the adoption of the Decrees of the Central Executive Committee, the SNK of RSFSR in 1921, “On the deprivation of the rights of citizenship of certain categories of persons who are abroad” many emigrants from Russia, including North Caucasians, have become disenfranchised. This circumstance greatly influenced the publication of the Nansen passport (it was introduced in 1922 and became widespread in 1924), according to which emigrants were granted a number of legal and social rights. In addition, it is applicable to emigrants from Russia, including from the North Caucasus, in 1922 and 1926. The Geneva definition of “Russian refugee” was given, and the International Convention on the International Status of Refugees of 1933 created an alternative to naturalization for refugees from Russia. Subsequently, before the outbreak of the Second World War, people received, as a rule, the citizenship of the countries in which they began to live.
Comparative legal analysis of legal status models of state and municipal employee
Authors: Sadokhina Nataliya E. , Shadsky Oleg G.
Published: December 2021

The relevance of this study is due to the great importance of the institution of state and municipal service in ensuring the tasks and functions of the state. The legal status of state and municipal employees is being perma-nently reformed. The next stage of reforms is associated with the amend-ments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation made in 2020, which also affected the requirements for persons employed in the public service. In addition, the appearance in the Constitution of the term “public authority”, which includes not only state power, but also local self-government, largely predetermined the unification of requirements for persons employed in state and municipal service. The constitutional changes led to the reform of legislation in this area. We conclude about the importance of comparative legal research for the scientific substantiation of ongoing legislative reforms. The comparative legal method of research allows us to single out the general, special and singular in the development of normative regulation of the legal status of state and municipal employees in various legal families and systems of our time. Based on the analysis carried out, we determine the similarity in the structure of the legal status of state and municipal employees in Russia and foreign countries. At the same time, attention is drawn to the fact that the range of civil service positions in the Russian Federation is narrower than abroad. We forecast the ways of development of domestic legislation in this area.
Criminal legislation of foreign countries on fraudulent encroachments on property and legitimate interests of credit institutions
Authors: Savchenko Maya M.
Published: December 2021

We consider legislative problems of regulating liability for fraud in the field of lending. We conduct a comparative analysis of the provisions of the criminal legislation of foreign countries for credit fraud that infringes on the property and legitimate interests of credit institutions. We note that German criminal law provides for liability for crimes of fraud and abuse of con-fidence for criminal purposes. A feature of the German language is in this case the interpretation of the concept of “credit fraud” as “fraud”, the most correct in this case, the name of fraud in the field of credit will be as “credit fraud”. We analyze the controversial nature of the object of this crime within the framework of German criminal law and the concept of credit is given, which made it possible to conclude that the rule that ensures combating fraud in the credit sector is limited in its application exclusively to the sphere of lending. Based on the analysis of the signs of the objective side of fraudulent encroachments in the field of lending, it was concluded that the composition of credit fraud is formal. Investigative practice shows that when establishing guilt, certain difficulties arise in practice. The norm on credit fraud is characterized in criminal law as saturated with vague, evaluative signs, for example, the concept of “economy or enterprise”, “incorrectness” of documents and written information, their “significance” for making a decision on a loan. For a comparative analysis, the subject of the study was also taken the criminal law on credit fraud of the CIS member states. In the course of the analysis of the provisions of the criminal legislation of the CIS member states, it was concluded that there is no unambiguity in the formulation of the disposition of the rules on credit fraud among the member countries. Thus, the criminal legislation in matters of criminalization of fraud in the field of lending in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan tends more to the Russian one, while in Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, a tendency has been revealed that the norms are close to the criminal legislation of Germany. A study of the English and Australian court practice in criminal cases in the field of lending allows us to conclude that the temporary borrowing of credit funds qualifies as gratuitous fraudulent encroachment in the credit sector. US criminal law provides for liability for credit fraud as part of the general fraud rule.