bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple intravenous infusions versus a single infusion of mesenchymal stem cells in a rat model of cerebral ischemia
Authors: Yokoyama Takahiro , Sasaki Masanori , Nagahama Hiroshi , Kataoka-Sasaki Yuko , Ukai Ryo , Oka Shinichi , Kocsis Jeffery D. , Honmou Osamu
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

Recent randomized clinical trials of a single infusion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for acute cerebral stroke revealed a limited functional recovery outcome. Conversely, animal studies suggest that multiple MSC infusions may enhance functional recovery by inducing neural plasticity, which indicates that a multiple-infusion approach might be effective for stroke treatment in humans. The objective of this study was to investigate whether multiple infusions of MSCs enhance functional outcomes during the acute phase of cerebral ischemia.

METHODS

Rats subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were randomized into four groups: 1) vehicle group (infusion of vehicle only), 2) MSC-1 group (single administration of the standard MSC dose on day 3), 3) high-dose MSC group (single administration of three times the standard MSC dose on day 3), and 4) MSC-3 group (multiple administrations of the standard MSC dose on days 3, 10, and 17). MSCs were administered via the femoral vein. Behavioral performance and ischemic lesion volume were examined using in vivo MRI every 7 days from day 3 to day 45 after MCAO induction. The thickness of the corpus callosum (CC) was determined using Nissl staining, and the area of the CC was measured using ex vivo MRI. Interhemispheric connections within the CC were assessed using ex vivo MRI diffusion tensor imaging.

RESULTS

The MSC-3 group exhibited the most significant motor recovery and increased CC thickness and area among all groups. Increased CC thickness and area were correlated with improved behavioral function 45 days after MCAO induction. Neural tracts through interhemispheric connections via the CC were most pronounced in the MSC-3 group, and this anatomical change showed a positive relationship with behavioral function.

CONCLUSIONS

Multiple infusions of MSCs led to histological changes in the CC and neural tracts within the CC. These results indicate that multiple systemic infusions of MSCs had a greater beneficial effect in the acute phase of MCAO than a single standard or high-dose infusion of MSCs.
Regional differences in reimbursement rates from Medicare, Medicaid, and FAIR Health across common procedures for neurological surgeons
Authors: McGuire Laura Stone , Huntoon Kristin , Gerald Brittany M. , Stacy Jason D. , Ruebenacker Michael P. , Kelly Katherine A. , Houston Rebecca , Mazzola Catherine A.
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

FAIR Health—a nonprofit, state-funded database—was created as an independent repository of healthcare claims paid data to address allegations of price fixing. Many insurers have forced physicians to negotiate payments based on Medicare rates, rather than utilizing FAIR Health. The authors’ objective was to provide an overview of regional differences in reimbursement rates per several sample neurosurgical Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes and to compare Medicare, Medicaid, and usual, customary, and reasonable rates via FAIR Health rate estimates.

METHODS

The authors compared FAIR Health rates for three common neurosurgical CPT codes: 61510 (removal of bone from skull for removal of upper brain tumor), 22630 (fusion of lower spine bones with removal of disc, posterior approach, single interspace), and 62223 (creation of a brain fluid drainage shunt, ventriculoperitoneal, ventriculopleural, or other terminus), with Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement to evaluate differences in five different regions in the US.

RESULTS

Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement rates were consistently and significantly lower than FAIR Health in-network rates across all three CPT codes evaluated (p < 0.001 for all). Significant regional differences exist per census data in median age, median income, employment rates, and degree of health coverage (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.002, and p = 0.001, respectively). Reimbursement estimates were found to have regional variation: Medicare/Medicaid rates were significantly lower than FAIR Health in-network rates for all codes across regions with a region-based interaction for reimbursement for code 62223 (p = 0.020). Medicare and Medicaid rates did not significantly vary across regions.

CONCLUSIONS

Inherent differences exist between cities and states, including median income, employment rates, and health coverage. Despite geographic cost practice indices for Medicare and state-specific production of Medicaid, Medicaid/Medicare reimbursement rates did not vary across regions but were consistently and significantly lower than FAIR Health estimates throughout the US. Locale-specific variation in FAIR Health may further indicate a better accounting of regional differences in cost of practice.
Effects of paroxetine, a P2X4 inhibitor, on cerebral aneurysm growth and recanalization after coil embolization: the NHO Drug for Aneurysm Study
Authors: Fukuda Shunichi , Niwa Youko , Ren Nice , Yonemoto Naohiro , Kasahara Masato , Yasaka Masahiro , Ezura Masayuki , Asai Takumi , Miyazono Masayuki , Korai Masaaki , Tsutsumi Keisuke , Shigeta Keigo , Oi Yuta , Nishimura Ataru , Fukuda Hitoshi , Goto Masanori , Yoshida Takashi , Fukuda Miyuki , Yasoda Akihiro , Iihara Koji
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

Rupture of cerebral aneurysms has a poor prognosis, and growing aneurysms are prone to rupture. Although the number of coil embolization procedures is increasing worldwide, they are more prone to recurrence than clipping surgeries. However, there is still no drug that prevents aneurysm growth or recanalization after coil embolization. The authors have previously focused on the role of hemodynamics in cerebral aneurysm development and reported that inhibition of the P2X4 purinoceptor, by which vascular endothelial cells sense blood flow, reduced the induction and growth of aneurysms in an animal model. In this study, the authors investigated the effects of paroxetine, a P2X4 inhibitor also used as an antidepressant, on aneurysm growth and recanalization after endovascular coiling.

METHODS

Using the J-ASPECT Study registry, the largest comprehensive reimbursement database system for acute stroke inpatient care in Japan, the authors searched for patients incidentally taking paroxetine who were registered in the decade 2010–2019 with an unruptured cerebral aneurysm or who underwent aneurysm coiling. They calculated the growth incidence and growth rate by the person-year method and the odds ratio for recanalization within 1 year after coiling and statistically compared to controls.

RESULTS

Seventy-eight stroke facilities participated, and 275 patients were identified as potentially eligible. Thirty-seven patients with unruptured aneurysms and 38 after coil embolization met all eligibility criteria. They were compared with 396 control cases of unruptured aneurysms and 308 coil-placement controls. Multivariate analysis showed that paroxetine significantly reduced the incidence of aneurysm growth (number of cases with growth/person/year; incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.24, 95% CI 0.05–0.66; p = 0.003) and the growth rate (total increase in maximum diameter in millimeters/person/year; IRR 0.57, 95% CI 0.28–0.98; p = 0.04). Paroxetine also significantly reduced the odds of recanalization in the year after coiling (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.05–0.95; p = 0.04). The authors then performed propensity score matching to reduce bias due to imbalances in patient characteristics between the two groups; the outcome confirmed that paroxetine significantly reduced aneurysm growth incidence (IRR 0.02, 95% CI 0.008–0.05; p < 0.0001) and growth rate (IRR 0.03, 95% CI 0.01–0.06; p < 0.0001) and the 1-year recanalization (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.03–0.99; p = 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS

This observational cohort study suggests that P2X4 inhibitors such as paroxetine may be clinically applicable as prophylaxis against aneurysm rupture and postoperative recanalization.
Modified transforaminal lumbar endoscopic discectomy for surgical management of extraforaminal lumbar disc herniation: case series and technical note
Authors: Kapetanakis Stylianos , Gkantsinikoudis Nikolaos
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

Extraforaminal lumbar disc herniation (ELDH) represents a unique clinical entity, presenting particular challenges in surgical management. Transforaminal lumbar endoscopic discectomy (TLED) represents a minimally invasive, full-endoscopic procedure that is increasingly selected for surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation, being theoretically ideal in patients with ELDH. Performance of TLED for management of ELDH has been reported in specific studies in the recent literature. However, foraminal anatomy is significantly disrupted in cases of ELDH, a fact that may represent a true challenge for the operating surgeon, in terms of proper endoscopic visualization. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate midterm clinical outcomes of a unique modification of the TLED technique in patients with ELDH, in an attempt to enhance endoscopic visualization of foraminal structures and to facilitate safe and effective decompression in these cases.

METHODS

Twenty-five patients with ELDH were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent modified TLED (mTLED) in the authors’ center and were retrospectively assessed. Clinical evaluation was performed via the visual analog scale at 6 weeks; at 3, 6, and 12 months; and at 2 and 5 years postoperatively on an outpatient basis. Moreover, the functional status of enrolled individuals was evaluated with modified Macnab criteria at the end of follow-up.

RESULTS

All patients underwent successful mTLED; the mean operative time was 23.7 ± 3.4 minutes. All patients were discharged on the same day as their operation, exhibiting no major perioperative complications. Three patients (12%) reported transient postoperative dysesthesia, which was completely resolved 6 weeks postoperatively. Recorded visual analog scale values were significantly ameliorated up to the end of follow-up, featuring maximal improvement at 6 weeks, with subsequent minimal amelioration and stabilization. According to modified Macnab criteria, excellent or good outcomes were observed in 23 patients (92%), whereas the outcome was fair in 2 patients (8%).

CONCLUSIONS

mTLED represents a feasible, safe, and effective alternative to conventional TLED and conventional open procedures for the management of ELDH. However, the precise role of this technical modification should be further investigated in future studies.
Augmented Reality-Based Car Showroom Application as a Promotional Media at Alya Motor Car Showroom
Authors: Kandiaz Muhammad , Ekawati Nia
Published: October 2024

In today's fast-paced world, transportation is crucial in facilitating the movement of people and goods. As a popular means of land transportation, automobiles have continuously evolved with advanced technologies to enhance fuel efficiency and driving safety. Established in 2014, Alya Motor has served hundreds of customers using social media platforms for marketing. However, innovative marketing strategies are essential to enhance the shopping experience, especially amidst declining purchasing power. This research aims to design, implement, and test a car showroom application based on Augmented Reality (AR) as a promotional medium for Alya Motor. An Android application was developed using Blender, Unity 3D, and Vuforia to offer an interactive car viewing experience. The research followed the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) methodology, ensuring a user-centric approach. The application was successfully tested, achieving an 86% acceptance rate in User Acceptance Testing (UAT). The AR-based application significantly improves the promotional strategy by providing potential buyers with an engaging and effective shopping experience.
Implementation of AES-256 Algorithm for Encryption on Chatting Platforms
Authors: Nirwan Saepudin , Hamidin Dini , Azzalea Shifa Eldita
Published: October 2024

This research aims to design and build a web-based corporate chat media using prototype methodology and AES (Advanced et al.) algorithm for data encryption. The platform has been developed with MERN technology (MongoDB et al.), which allows the application to be dynamic and responsive. Prototype methodology is used for iterative development based on user feedback, ensuring the application meets user needs. The AES algorithm is applied to maintain the confidentiality and security of each message sent and received. The results show that the application effectively provides efficient and secure communication for the company, with an intuitive and easy-to-use interface. Implementing MERN technology provides flexibility in the development and maintenance of the application, making it the right solution for corporate communication needs.
Implementation of Load Balancing Using the PCC (Per Connection Classifier) Method on Computer Networks to Improve Responsiveness
Authors: Arfianita Arfianita , Wahid Abdul , Zain Satria Gunawan , Parenreng Jumadi M
Published: October 2024

Dependence on a single ISP can lead to the risk of internet disconnection, necessitating a solution to enhance network performance and responsiveness. This research explores the implementation of load balancing using the Per Connection Classifier (PCC) method to improve the responsiveness of computer networks utilizing three ISPs (Internet Service Providers). The test results indicate that the PCC method across the three ISPs can increase throughput by 9.32 Mbps, reduce delay by 43.54 ms, and decrease jitter by 74.17 ms while packet loss remains stable at 0.0%. Additionally, the recursive gateway failover technique in PCC load balancing demonstrates a significant increase in throughput up to 83.3 Mbps, a reduction in delay by 0.27 ms, and a reduction in jitter by 1.15 ms. Packet loss remains stable at 0.0% under varying ISP conditions. Moreover, a comparison between the PCC and PBR methods with the least connection algorithm shows that both methods effectively enhance network responsiveness, with the PCC method exhibiting superior performance in throughput.
Development of an Information System for eTax Return Reporting PPh 21 Employees at PT. FBR Mitra Sejati
Authors: Hasibuan Maimunah Permata Hati , Prasetio Primadi
Published: October 2024

This research aims to develop an information system that supports collecting Income Tax (PPh) for employees in a tax consulting company. This research analyzes the suitability of the tax collection procedures applied by the company and the applicable tax provisions. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis based on data obtained through interviews, observations, and literature review. The results show that the principle of income tax collection in tax consulting companies is in line with the general tax withholding method, with estimated net income as the basis for calculation. The tax rate variations applied include the provisions in Article 17 of the Income Tax Law and related government regulations. The information system developed aims to improve efficiency and accuracy in the reporting of Income Tax Return 21 and support better tax compliance.
Artificial Intelligence in the Politics of the EU and China
Authors: Litvak N. V , Pomozova N. B
Published: October 2024

The article analyzed different concepts of the regulation of the artificial intelligence in the context of the competition between EU and China. In just the last few years artificial intelligence has evolved from academic research and futuristic discussions into the most dynamically developing practice. The speed and scale of implementation of this technology, and even more so, the prospects, are confusing an increasing number of people ‒ from politicians and businessmen to ordinary citizens and the developers of these AI systems themselves. As a result of a comparative interdisciplinary study of the approaches of the European Union and China to the topic of artificial intelligence, common and distinctive features that are determined by value differences have been identified. The main difference, according to the Europeans themselves, is ethics based on the European understanding of human rights. Modern China, challenging global primacy, is promoting its concept in this area. The examples of problems of ethics, competition, and security show the differences in the regulation of AI implementation processes, as well as the uncertainty that increasingly determines the actions of European politicians. This may contribute to an ideologically determined loss in competition in the field of artificial intelligence. It is possible that, despite solemn statements, Europe will have to use elements of the Chinese pragmatic approach to the problem.
France’s Development Assistance Strategy to African Countries
Authors: Klinova M. V , Trofimova O. E
Published: October 2024

This article is focused on French economic assistance that is a “soft power” tool and is used to maintain and strengthen influence in developing countries and in Africa in particular – bilateral Official development assistance (ODA). The targets of this research include analysis of the ODA transformation because of changes in geopolitical situation on African continent. The authors use historical-genetic method allowing to show the evolution in French development assistance strategy from the colonial system breakdown up to 2020s, and comparative statistical method of quantitative analysis of ODA. Various concepts of France’s assistance as ex-colonial empire to the least developed African countries are considered. France`s place and role within the bilateral ODA of the OECD Development Assistance Committee are highlighted; types and sectoral areas of this aid to Africa as the main beneficiary and key direction of French ODA. The institutional ecosystem of the ODA organization in France, the functions of government agencies involved in the organization and provision of such assistance are examined; a historical survey of the evolution of the size of ODA – in absolute figures and percentage of GNI is presented. Data of ODA budget funds allocation of government structural divisions and the legally established solidarity priorities in development, the fight against poverty, global inequalities, and protecting global public goods (Law-Programming 2021) are analyzed. In conclusion, the authors give an assessment of transition to a new post-colonial model of France–Africa relations based on sharing responsibilities and submit revised ODA concept. The results of the study prove that France is facing the crisis of development assistance policy in real geopolitical situation and enhanced competition on the continent.
Mechanisms of Monetary Cooperation in BRICS: First Results and New Challenges
Authors: Gusev K. N , Tsibulina A. N
Published: October 2024

The issues of creating a more equitable global monetary and financial system have been constantly in the focus of the BRIC countries since 2006. Gradual introduction of unprecedented restrictive measures against one of the participants – Russia – forced member states to intensify the work on diminishing their dependence on actions of the United States, searching for alternative ways of payment for goods and services and reducing transactions in US dollars. The article analyses prerequisites for development of monetary cooperation within BRICS and implications of the measures already taken in this direction. The extent to which introduction of a common currency can contribute or, on the contrary, create barriers to deepening economic integration within BRICS is explored. The experience of introducing euro in the EU shows that the decision on joining a common currency is not just an economic, but also a political one. Ignoring the risks associated with a radical change in payment systems can lead to serious disruptions in the world economy and push exporters and importers away from implementation of agreements reached at the highest level. The authors come to the conclusion that speeding up currency cooperation without relying on comprehensive consideration of the interests of BRICS countries and assessment of potential costs and benefits can lead to deterioration of the terms of mutual trade against the backdrop of the US attempts to maintain the existing architecture of global monetary system with absolute domination of the US dollar.
Factors of Foreign Trade Resilience of European Countries in the Context of Global Competition: the Role of Intra-industry Trade
Authors: Plyusnin R. M , Vasilchenko A. D
Published: October 2024

The article dwells onto the identification and quantitative assessment of the factors of the European countries’ bilateral trade resilience. The factors were studied separately for two groups, namely those responsible for maintaining of trade linkages and those characterising their ability to recover after external shocks. The paper covers only the first group of factors that were furtherly split onto inherent (endogenous) and acquired (exogenous). The inherent factors include geographical proximity and historical linkages, whereas acquired factors consist of bilateral trade intensity and degree of intra-industry trade between a pair of countries. Identifying factors that ensure resistance to foreign trade shocks using the example of relations within Europe is useful because from a historical and geographical point of view, this region is an example of the deep development of trade relations. Therefore, the identified factors will be significant for conducting research in the case of other countries. The indicators allowing for the factors’ assessment are calculated for the European states, except Turkey, Russia and several microstates. The conclusion is drawn that it is only degree of intra-industry trade that is responsible for preserving bilateral trade flows during crises. The results obtained suggest that upgrading intra-industry trade through participation in global value chains is necessary for trade resilience. This takeaway is critical for the foreign trade and industrial policies’ recalibration both in Europe and other regions, such as Africa and the Middle East.
Employed or Self-Employed: the Problem of Regulating Platform Work in the EU
Authors: Potemkina O. Yu
Published: October 2024

The article analyses the process of decision-making to regulate platform work in the European Union. The author underlines that the EU strived to introduce legal certainty and improve the working conditions of platform workers. Despite the fact that many platform workers are classified as self-employed, their status remains unclear, since it is often difficult to distinguish between real and bogus self-employment, which the employer uses to evade social payments. There are two key principles of the new directive: it allows to determine correctly the status of people working on digital platforms, and sets rules for the use of algorithmic systems in the workplace. At the same time, the conclusion is drawn that the difference in approaches among member states, political groups of the European Parliament, and EU institutions turns the regulation of platform employment into the most controversial EU files, resulting in the adoption of compromise legislation on minimum standards.
EU Social Economy: Means to ending Inequality?
Authors: Govorova N. V
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the European Union has been facing increasing technological, economic, environmental and social challenges. The issues of strengthening the social economy are becoming increasingly important in an era of instability and uncertainty in the prospects of global development. The subjects of this business model can play a positive role in achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals, increasing productivity and competitiveness of both individual enterprises and states and their associations through increased solidarity at the territorial and local levels, reducing poverty and inequality. The social economy is designed to create quality jobs, guarantee equal learning opportunities and provide the necessary social services, especially for vulnerable segments of the population, such as migrants, persons with disabilities and unskilled workers. To realise its mission, its enterprises and organisations need to collaborate with public authorities, stakeholders and users capable of finding solutions to collective problems, such as ethical financing and socially responsible banking. This collaboration can give impetus to social inclusion, economic development and territorial cohesion in depressed underdeveloped areas and regions. Today, social indicators in EU countries such as poverty, inequality, long-term and youth unemployment continue to be high, making it difficult to ensure social sustainability. This article analyses EU policies on the social economy as well as its ecosystem in the region.
The Ecological Dimension of Modern European Culture
Authors: Vodopianova E. V
Published: October 2024

In the article modern European culture is analysed in an ecological dimension through the model of cultural ecology/ecology of culture. The paradigm of cultural ecology is considered as a way to study the changing relations between culture and the environment in the post-industrial world. The phenomenon of cultural ecology is examined through the prism of genesis in the European and Russian research traditions. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate how modern theoretical concepts of cultural ecology are fulfilled in the EU cultural policy. It is shown that the ecology of culture is the preservation of culture through conservation of nature and overcoming natural disasters. It is demonstrated that trends in the ecologisation of the cultural policy of the EU and the management of European cultural heritage are aimed at joint evolution/coevolution of culture and nature. These trends cancel out their traditional alternative. The need for a unified consideration of environmental and social factors of cultural heritage conservation in the European Union is illustrated by cases of the negative impact of tourism on a number of locations. Modern European culture as a social phenomenon is consistently evolving in the direction of optimising interaction with the nature. The conclusion is drawn that the status of modern European culture in the paradigm of cultural ecology corresponds to modern development of the information society in the version of its Green dimension.
Catholic School as a Model of Interaction Between Church and State in Italy
Authors: Yazkova V. E
Published: October 2024

The article deals with the phenomenon of Catholic schools as a model of interaction between the Church and the State in Italy. The objective of work is to consider the principle of “equality” as an alternative state option in education. The author concludes that the “equification” of Catholic and public schools in 2000 did not de facto give Italians the opportunity to choose freely the type of education for their children – a principle enshrined in the Italian Constitution. With the reduction of state subsidies, some “equal” schools are forced to close. The State's policy towards such schools is criticised by the Catholic Church and by Catholic public opinion, which rightly consider what is happening in view of the conflict between secular and religious culture. Christian principles, study of European culture, recognition of the dominant role of the family, centrality of the person, education in the spirit of solidarity, priority of collective values on individualism, respect for diversity, including those linked to disability – these fundamental principles of the Catholic educational project are appreciated by Italians who would like to raise their children in the respect of the Christian cultural tradition. The author concludes that in the context of globalisation, secularism, the state monopoly on education, Catholic education continues to be perceived by some Italians as the most important component of national identity.
Use of lithium capillary structures in Ohmic discharges of T-10 Tokamak
Authors: Vershkov V. A. , Sarychev D. V. , Shelukhin D. A. , Nemets A. R. , Mirnov S. V. , Lyublinski I. E. , Vertkov A. V. , Zharkov M. Yu.
Published: October 2024

The results of experiments at the T-10 tokamak using lithium capillary-porous structures are presented. It is shown that lithium sputtering under conditions of graphite diaphragms can significantly reduce deuterium recycling and the level of impurities in the plasma. At the same time, recycling increases significantly five discharges after the start of the day of the experiment, and the effect of reducing the level of impurities persists for 150—300 discharges. The results of using a capillary-porous structure with lithium filling as a movable rail diaphragm in the T-10 configuration with tungsten main diaphragms are presented. The introduction of a lithium diaphragm into the SOL region makes it possible to reduce recycling and obtain discharges with an effective plasma charge approaching unity. In this case, the effect increases as the lithium sputtered in the chamber is accumulated. It is shown experimentally that a capillary-porous structure with lithium filling can be used as a main diaphragm with longitudinal plasma heat fluxes up to 3.6 MW/m2. However, a necessary condition is the complete impregnation of the porous structure with lithium and the prevention of extrusion of lithium into the discharge as a result of the interaction of the current flowing to the diaphragm with the toroidal magnetic field. Experiments have shown that to obtain discharges with a small lithium admixture, a strong gas injection of deuterium or impurity is required to reduce the temperature of the plasma periphery and effective cooling of the diaphragm below 450 Å°C. Otherwise, the diaphragm transfers into a strong evaporation mode with high lithium flows, which lead to a significant increase in the lithium concentration in the plasma. Strong evaporation reduces the heat inflow and stabilizes the diaphragm temperature.
Effect of the method of excitation of the plasma antenna on the spectral characteristics of the radiated signal
Authors: Bogachev N. N. , Bogdankevich I. L. , Andreev S. E. , Gusein-zade N. G. , Usachenok M. S.
Published: October 2024

The radiation of signal by the plasma asymmetrical vibrator antenna is studied for two methods of its excitation. Earlier, it was shown that the 2nd and 3rd harmonics of the input signal frequency in the radiation spectrum of the plasma antenna are 10—20 dB stronger than those of a metal antenna with the same geometry. In this work, we study experimentally and by computer simulations the effect of the method of excitation of the plasma asymmetrical vibrator antenna on the spectral characteristics of the signal that it radiates. For the two excitation methods of the antenna, through an electrode and through a coaxial coupler, it was shown that the strength of the signal components at the frequency of the radiated signal and its multiple harmonics is different. The introduction of the coaxial coupler in the antenna excitation scheme allowed us to improve the coupling at the input signal frequency and decrease its components at the 2nd and 3rd harmonics. For the plasma antenna with the coaxial coupler, the difference between the 1st and 2nd harmonics was increased by almost 6 dB, and between the 1st and the 3rd ones by almost 20 dB compared to the antenna excitation scheme through the electrode.
Skin morphology of five species of rock lizards of the genus Darevskia (Lacertidae, Squamata)
Authors: Chernova O. F. , Galoyan E. A. , Ivlev Yu. F.
Published: October 2024

The microstructure of the tuberculate dorsal and lamellar ventral skin of the body in rock lizards of different ages (Darevskia raddei, D. nairensis, D. valentini, D. dahli, D. armeniaca) has been described for the first time. The thickness of the skin in the most xerophilic species (D. raddei) is less than that in the more hygrophilic species. Rock lizards have single or paired longitudinal skin folds that are not closed from the side, which stretch along the inner side of the scales to its distal edge. Small folds are also present in the lining of the squamous pocket; they consist of all layers of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. A large fold is able to completely block the cavity of the squamous pocket, the volume of which changes with the contraction of the subcutaneous muscle bundles reaching the bases of the scales. Small folds are also present on the scales of tuberous skin. In hygrophilic lizards (Zootoca vivipara), similar formations appear at later stages of postnatal ontogenesis than in rock lizards. The probable functional significance of the described skin structures is discussed.
Measuring Docility, Boldness, and Exploration in the Free-Living Yellow Ground Squirrel Spermophilus fulvus Licht. (Sciuridae)
Authors: Vasilieva N. A. , Markina M. O. , Vasiliev N. S.
Published: October 2024

Studying intraspecific variation in animal behavior is one of the key trends in recent biology. Comparative behavioral studies of different species require developing an adequate methodology for every new species. We performed three types of behavioral tests with juveniles of the yellow ground squirrel, a large hibernating rodent. Docility tests with an estimation of the time and intensity of the animal locomotor activity in a bag showed low repeatability and appeared to be inappropriate for this species since most of the pups demonstrated freezing behavior. Boldness tests with an action camera installed near the squirrel’s burrow were more promising, but the juveniles still did not emerge aboveground for a long time after they escaped to their burrows, remained vigilant, and did not explore the new object. Test results indicate that yellow ground squirrels are very shy and cautious, which may be a persistent behavioral trait of this species.
Genetic consequences of the dramatic decline in the north-west pre-caspian saiga (Saiga tatarica tatarica) population: a comparison of modern and museum samples on mtDNA and microsatellite loci
Authors: Kashinina N. V. , Lushchekina A. A. , Sorokin P. A. , Kholodova M. V.
Published: October 2024

The North-West Pre-Caspian saiga (Saiga tatarica tatarica) population numbers was about 800 thousand individuals in the middle of the last century. There was a dramatic decline at the end of the 20th century, and by 2015 this saiga population numbers and was about five thousand animals. Our paper presents the results of microsatellite loci and of the mtDNA control region analysis obtained for the museum saiga samples from the North-West Pre-Caspian population, collected at the peak of their numbers in the 1950s. We compared these data with our previous results for the samples collected during the population depression in1999–2016. There were no noticeable differences of mtDNA control region diversity between the museum and modern saiga samples. The most vivid genetic consequence of the severe decline in population numbers was a significant increase of the inbreeding coefficient (Fis) calculated from the microsatellite loci.
Phenolic compounds and spare carbohydrates content dynamics in seeds of the invasive species Acer negundo and the native species Acer tataricum in connection with their competitiveness in biocenoses
Authors: Semenova M. V. , Kondrat’eva V. V. , Kuklina A. G. , Olekhnovich L. S. , Voronkova T. V.
Published: October 2024

Changes in the content of various phenolic carboxylic acids (FCC) – chlorogenic (HC), caffeic (CC), ferulic (FC), as well as the amounts of flavonoids and spare carbohydrates (monosaccharides, polysaccharides and starch) in the tissues of Acer tataricum and Acer negundo seed embryos (indigenous and invasive species, respectively) during their storage were studied from October to March (cold chamber, t° = +5°C, humidity 80%). There was a significant increase in the content of HC and the absence of CC in December-January in an aboriginal species with a long dormant period. In the invasive species A. negundo, which does not have a rest period, the level of HC also increased, but was ten times lower than in A. tataricum, while a high level of CC was identified. In terms of flavonoid content, the native species A. tataricum is ten times superior to the invasive A. negundo. The carbohydrate content in A. tataricum was about 40%, and in the tissues of A. negundo seed embryos about 15% and did not change during the entire storage period. The dynamics of the content of phenolic compounds and forms of spare carbohydrates, their relationship with the activation of metabolic processes and protective anti-stress mechanisms during the cold storage of seeds and competitiveness in biocenoses are discussed.
The role of root systems of Pinus sylvestris L. during the formation of secondary pine forests in deforestation in the Kola North
Authors: Yarmishko V. T.
Published: October 2024

The role of the roots and root systems of Pinus sylvestris L. in the formation of secondary pine forests in the cuttings of the Kola North was studied. It has been established that in pine seedlings in disturbed areas, root and shoot systems are formed quite quickly. Already in the I-th grade of age, characteristic morphological signs of root systems appear, the feeding areas of trees begin to overlap each other. The bulk of the roots (80–85%) is concentrated in the upper 20-centimeter soil layer. A linear relationship between the taxation indicators of trees and the mass of root systems has been revealed. The conducted studies have shown that the formation of forest communities of Scots pine in the cuttings of the Kola North, their stability and productivity are directly dependent on the degree of development of individual roots and root systems as a whole.
AKUNTANSI MANAJEMEN STRATEGIS DALAM ERA DIGITAL : REVIEW LITERATUR TENTANG TRANSFORMASI DAN INOVASI
Authors: Bhaktiningsih Tri Yuni , Surbakti Lidya Primta
Published: October 2024

Aspek bisnis termasuk di dalam akuntansi manajemen sudah mengalami perubahan signifikan terhadap perkembangan teknologi digital. Teknologi-teknologi yang bermunculan memungkinkan dapat membantu dalam pengolahan data yang lebih cepat, akurat, dan mendalam seperti Big Data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), dan Blockchain. Kajian literatur tentang bagaimana akuntansi manajemen strategis mampu beradaptasi dan berinovasi merupakan hal yang penting untuk menambah pemahaman. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan literature review untuk mengumpulkan, menganalisis, dan mensintesis temuan penelitian yang ada terkait transformasi dan inovasi akuntansi manajemen strategis di era digital. Dampak positif dari teknologi ini antara lain pemrosesan data yang lebih cepat dan akurat serta peningkatan kemampuan dalam memprediksi tren masa depan untuk mendukung pengambilan keputusan strategis.
РАЗВИТИЕ КОМПЕТЕНЦИЙ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ В ПРЕПОДАВАНИИ ФИЗИКИ ПУТЕМ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫХ МОДЕЛЕЙ
Authors: Жарылгапова Д.М. , Алмагамбетова А.А. , Абитаева У.А.
Published: October 2024

Развитие профессиональной компетентности –это формирование индивидуального творчества специалиста, способности воспринимать, оценивать новшества в профессиональной сфере, приспосабливаться к изменениям. В предлагаемой статье рассматривается способ реализации на элективном курсе формирования навыков и умений саморазвития профессиональных компетенций обучающихся при обучении в вузе.В данной статье рассмотрены значения лабораторной работы в процессе обучения и роли при усвоении предмета. Вместе с тем дан ход цифровой лаборатории для колебаний пружинного маятника. Придемонстрационных экспериментахобучающиеся играют роль пассивного наблюдателя, а при выполнениилабораторныхработ испытывают своими руками физические явления, делают  измерения, задают физические и постоянные величины. Задача на сегодня расширить физические знания учащихся при выполнении лабораторных работ с использованием новых информационных технологий, компьютеровпри онлайн-обучении лабораторных работ, проводимых в базовом курсе физики. А это внедрение компьютеров в методику преподавания физики, повышенает качества уроков, мотивациюу обучающихся к изучению предмета и влияет наформирование компетентности при обучении физикив условиях применения компьютерных моделей. Основными целями применения цифровой лаборатории в учебном процессе по физике являются: углубление знаний по физике на основе овладения новыми средствами реализации учебного эксперимента, повышение интереса к изучению физики, развитие исследовательских и коммуникативных умений учащихся.Использование компьютерных моделей в процессе обучения физики в целом дает обучающимся возможность самостоятельно углубить свои знания с помощью компьютера.
ШЕШЕНДІК ӨНЕР НЕГІЗІНДЕ ОҚУШЫЛАРДЫҢ ЭССЕ ЖАЗУ ДАҒДЫЛАРЫН ДАМЫТУ
Authors: Мыңбаева А.П. , Ибрагимов Г.Г. , Сапарбаева Қ.Ж.
Published: October 2024

Бұл зерттеу жұмысында шешендік өнерді үйрету негізінде білім алушылардың  эссе  жазу  дағдысын дамытудың теориялық және әдістемелік мәселелері қарастырылады. Авторлар мектептегі білім алушылардың эссе жазу барысында эссенің кіріспе бөлімінде тезис жазу, жазылған тезис-ұсынбасын негізгі бөлімде дәйектеп-дәлелдеу сияқты қиындықтарын шешендік өнер теориясының ақыл-кеңес сөзі мен шешендік сөз үлгілері негізінде шешу жолдарына назар аударады. Жүйелі түрде Аристотель «Риторикасында», Ж.Дәдебаевтың шешендік өнер теориясына қатысты зерттеу еңбегінде көрсетілген ақыл-кеңес сөздің қос түрін төрт түрлі деңгейден тұратын тапсырмалар көмегімен 9-сыныптың білім алушыларына игертудің әдістері мен тәсілдері баяндалады. Сонымен қатар Ахмет Байтұрсынұлының  шешен сөзді мәтіннің байымдама түріне жатқызатыны келтіріліп, байымдама мәтінінің бастама мен ұсынба, баяндама мен қорытпадан тұратын құрылымы кіріспе, кіріспедегі тезис, негізгі бөлім мен қорытындыдан тұратын эссенің құрылымына  сәйкес келетіні салыстырыла дәлелденеді. Зерттеу жұмысында айтылатын пікірді санамалап жүйеге салудың қажеттілігі Жүсіп Баласағұнның, Әнет би Кішікұлы мен Қазыбек би Келдібекұлының, Бөлтірік шешен Әлменұлы мен Абай Құнанбайұлының сөздерін мысал келтіру негізінде дәйектеледі.
Зерттеушілер білім алушылардың сыни ойлау, шығармашылық ойлау дағдыларын дамытуға бағытталған Жүсіп Баласағұнның «Құтты білік» шығармасынан бәйіттерді, Майқы би Төбейұлы айтқан нақыл сөздерді, Абай Құнанбайұлының «Ғылым таппай – мақтанба» өлеңінен үзінділерді пайдаланып, деңгейлік тапсырмаларды дайындаған. Құрастырылған тапсырмалар төрт деңгейден тұрады: репродуктивтік деңгей, алгоритмдік деңгей, эвристикалық деңгей, шығармашылық деңгей. Оқушылар репродуктивті деңгейде Абай Құнанбайұлының өлеңіне зерттеп, талдайды. Алгоритмдік деңгейде Жүсіп Баласағұн «Құтты білік» бәйіттерін талқыласа, үшінші деңгейде Майқы бидің нақыл сөздерін талқылайды. Ал шығармашылық деңгейде эссе жазады. Авторлардың деңгейлік тапсырмаларды құрастыруда оқушылардың шешендік өнердің көндіру сөзін меңгеруі шығармашылық деңгей жаттығуын  орындауға қаншалықты тиімді болатынын айқындауға жіті назар аударған.
Жаттығуларды деңгейлерге сәйкес білім алушылардың орындау кезеңі кестеде сипатталған. Сырттай бақылау әдісі мен құжатқа талдау жасау әдісі зерттеу әдістері ретінде пайдаланылған. Әдіснама негізінде жүргізілген эксперимент нәтижелері кесте мен диаграммаға түсірілген. Зерттеу жұмысының қорытындысында шешендік өнердің теориясына, шешендік сөз үлгілеріне негізделіп әзірленген деңгейлік жаттығуларды орындау арқылы оқушыларда эссе жазуға қажет болатын құзыреттіліктердің қалыптасуы мен дамуы сипатталған. Зерттеу жұмысы ҚР ҰҒК мақұлдаған АР 15473614 «Білім беру парадигмасындағы мәдени-тілдік құзыреттілік метатілдегі коннотация» тақырыбы аясында орындалған.
ҚАЗАҚ ТІЛІН МЕҢГЕРТУ БАРЫСЫНДА КРЕАТИВТІ ОЙЛАУ ДАҒДЫСЫН ҚАЛЫПТАСТЫРУ
Authors: Карбозова Б.Д. , Иманқұлова М. , Шормақова А.Б.
Published: October 2024

Мақалада шет тілді аудиторияда (орта деңгей) қазақ тілін меңгерту барысында қазақ тілін креативті ойлауды дамыту арқылы меңгерту жолдары қарастырылған. Тілді жетік меңгеру үшін тек сөздерді және сөздердің мағынасын меңгерту жеткіліксіз болғандықтан, білім алушылар сыни және креативті ойлау дағдыларын да қосымша дамытып, тілдік қабілеттерін жетілдіруі қажет. Тілдік ерекшеліктерді сауатты қолданып, білім алушы ойын еркін, әрі нақты жеткізу шеберлігін меңгеру аса маңызды. Әлемдік білім беру жүйесінде қоғам дамуының қарқындылығы, ақпараттар ағымының жеделдігі, мәдениетаралық қатынастың кеңеюі, жаһандану үдерісінің дамуы, адам капиталы мәнінің артуына сәйкес дәстүрлі емес білім беруге аса мән берілуде.  Қабілетті, интеллектуалды, ерекше ойлайтын, тиімді шешім қабылдай алатын, ақпараттарды қажеттілігіне қарай өңдеп, өмірде қолдана алатын жеке тұлға қалыптастыру – Қазақстан Республикасының білім беру жүйесінде де басты мәселелердің бірі. Осыған сәйкес мақалада білім алушының ерекше ойлау қабілетін арттыратын креативті ойлау дағдысын қазақ тілін меңгерту арқылы дамыту жолдары анықталды.
Креативті ойлауды анықтау үшін конвергентті ойлаудан күрделі түрі дивергентті ойлаудың ерекшеліктерін ескеріп,  бір мәселенің бірнеше шешімін табуға жетелейтін  тапсырмалар жиынтығы құрастырылды. Мұндай тапсырмалар студенттердің тек шешім қабылдауға ғана емес, сондай-ақ шығармашыл көзқараспен қарап, жаңаша идеяларын, бір-біріне ұқсамайтын ерекше ойларын ұсынуға жол ашты. Қазақ тілін креативті ойлауды дамыта оқыту білім алушыларды тілді жан-жақты меңгеруімен қатар, ойларын терең пайымдап,  пікір-көзқарастарын қиял еркіне сүйеніп, түрлендіре алатын деңгейіне жеткізді.
БІЛІМ БЕРУДІ ЦИФРЛАНДЫРУ ЖАҒДАЙЫНДА ОҚУШЫЛАРДЫҢ МАТЕМАТИКА ПӘНІНЕН ОҚУ ЖЕТІСТІГІН БАҒАЛАУДЫҢ ӘДІСТЕМЕЛІК ТӘСІЛДЕРІ
Authors: Қожашева Г.О. , Бажи А.А. , Есенова М.И. , Лазат Н.
Published: October 2024

Мақала «Элементар математика» пәнінің мысалында білім беруді цифрландыру жағдайында болашақ математика мұғалімдерін оқушылардың оқу жетістіктерін бағалауға дайындаудың әдістемелік мәселелерін талдауға арналған. Білім беруді цифрландырудың заманауи тенденциялары және олардың орта мектепте математиканы оқыту процесіне әсері анықталды. «Элементар математика» пәні басқа математикалық  және әдістемелік пәндерді оқыту үшін негіз болып табылатындықтан,  оны оқыту болашақ математика мұғалімдерінің одан әрі дамуына әсер ететіні сөзсіз. Бұл мақала жазылып жатқан диссертациялық зерттеу жұмысының мақсат міндеттеріне сай жазылған. Зерттеу жұмысымның мақсаты білім саласын цифрландыру жағдайында болашақ математика пәні мұғалімдеріне оқушыларды бағалауға даярлаудың негізгі компоненттері және критерийлерімен таныстыра отырып, тиімді бағалаудың цифрлік әдістеріне талдау жасау, болашақ математика мұғалімдерін оқушылардың білім жетістігін бағалауға даярлауды ұйымдастыру жолдарын айқындау. «Элементар математика» курсы негізінде оқушылардың оқу жетістігін бағалаудың жолдарын қарастыра отырып, болашақ математика мұғалімдеріне меңгерту әдістемесін дайындап, болашақ математика мұғалімдеріне оқушылардың оқу жетістігін бағалау қабілетін қалыптастыру бойынша тәжірибелік-эксперименттік жұмыс жасалады.
Мақалада «Элементар математиканы» зерттеу контекстінде сандық бағалау әдістерінің ерекшеліктері мен артықшылықтары сипатталған. Болашақ математика мұғалімдеріне оқушылардың оқу жетістіктерін бағалауда цифрлік технологияларды сәтті пайдалану үшін қажетті негізгі құзыреттер айқындалды. «Элементар математика» пәнін оқыту мысалында дайындалған әдістемелік ұсыныстардың тиімділігіне баға берілді. Нәтижесінде болашақ математика мұғалімдерін оқушылардың оқу жетістіктерін бағалау процесінде цифрлік құралдарды тиімді қолдануға дайындауға арналған ұсыныстар берілген.