bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Improvement of students’ metacognition skills on natural science education using guided inquiry models
Authors: Huda K , Suyanta  , Priambodo Y A , Ardwiyanti D , Usman M , Alvionita D
Published: May 2021

This research aimed to find out the effectiveness of guided inquiry learning toward student metacognition skill, the level of metacognition skill, learning implementation and student response in science learning. The research was kind of pre-experimental research and using one pretest and postest group design. The population used student VII class of Junior High School 1 of Labang with sample on VII class. The data analysis technique used the Wilcoxon Non-Parametric test because the data were not normally distributed. The research instrument used a Metacognition Awareness Inventory (MAI) questionnaire. There was an influence of guided inquiry learning toward student metacognition skill by the signification level of MSI questionnaire was 0.006. Based on the level of significance of the data, it showed that learning using a guided inquiry model could improve students’ metacognition skills. There are three types of distribution of metacognition skills. The level of metacognition skill analysis was obtained from MAI questionnaire after learning as follows: Planning Skill was very good level, Monitoring Skill very good level and Evaluation Skill good level. The implementation of guided inquiry learning has a very high category. Student responses to the guided inquiry model obtained an average indicates a very interesting category.
Self-regulated learning of first-year students at physics education department, FKIP – Universitas Syiah Kuala
Authors: Herliana F , Farhan A , Elisa E , Evendi E , Mutiara W
Published: May 2021

This study examines the problem of how the criteria for self-regulated learning of first-year students at the Physics Education Department and aims to determine the self-regulated learning of freshman year students in the department. Quantitative research methods and descriptive approaches used in this study. A total of 61 students in 2017 became research subjects and obtained 83.60% of students believed in their abilities (criteria; very independent), 75.40% of students were satisfied with their effort (criteria; independent), 70.50% of students were able to make decisions and have learning initiatives (criteria; independent), and 62.30% of students are responsible for their studies (criteria; independent). That shows the Physics Education Department, FKIP Unsyiah class of 2018 has the self-regulated learning with independent to very independent criteria. The results of the study become a reference for the preparation and improvement of the curriculum.
Student responses toward worksheets based on stem approach through project-based learning model
Authors: Syukri M , Maghfirah S , Halim A , Herliana F
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine student responses toward student worksheets based on the STEM approach through the PjBL model. The study was conducted on students of Class XI Science 4 at SMA Negeri 5 in Banda Aceh involving 27 students. The research method of the study used descriptive research which described student responses toward student worksheets based on the STEM approach through the PjBL model that has been previously developed. The data collection techniques utilized the student’s response questionnaire consisted of 10 statements and arranged using four alternative answers. The data processing of the research results used a Likert scale. Based on the result, the study obtained an average percentage of student responses of 85.09% with very good criteria. It showed that the students gave a positive response to student worksheets based on the STEM approach through the PjBL model.
Stability analysis of a diarrheal disease model elucidated multiple transmission pathways and infants as the most vulnerable
Authors: Fitriyah A
Published: May 2021

This study forms and analyzes a mathematical model of diarrheal disease.The model allows two pathways of disease transmission through infected people and water resources contaminated by pathogens that cause diarrhea. Babies are the most vulnerable to diarrhea, so that this modeling considers the difference in effective contact rate between susceptible babies and adults. Based on the assumptions, the model has formed a system of ordinary differential equations. A literature study is used to analyze the equilibrium and stability of it. Analysis found a disease-free equilibrium and an endemic equilibrium that are stable depends on a basic reproduction number (R0). The disease-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when R0 < 1. It means diarrhea will disappear so that population is free from diarrhea for a long time. Furthermore, if R0 > 1 and several conditions are fulfilled, then the endemic equilibrium is also locally asymptotically stable. It means that for a long time, diarrhea will be an epidemic in population. Simulation of the model is given by using Matlab to verify the result of analysis.
A Rasch model analysis on the ability to analyze descriptive statistics: A case Study of FMIPA Universitas Syiah Kuala new students
Authors: Ferdhiana R , Santigana I , Abdurrahman F , Nurhasanah
Published: May 2021

Data literacy skills are essential in the current industrial 4.0 era. Data literacy skills include the ability to read and analyze data in a descriptive form. This study aims to measure the ability to analyze descriptive data and analyze the statistical analysis results of responses from new students of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala. The test instrument consisted of 29 questions divided into three parts: understanding, application, and analysis. The tool was tested with a time limit of 30 minutes to 436 respondents from 7 study programs at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. The average score obtained by students was 67.66, with a standard deviation of 12.48. The implementation of Rasch model provides a difficulty index ranging from-3.80 to 2.45, with a difficulty average approaching zero and a standard deviation of 1.4. The result concluded that the respondent’s ability to answer the questions is average.
Exploring the potential use of GeoGebra augmented reality in a project-based learning environment: The case of geometry
Authors: Lainufar  , Mailizar M , Johar R
Published: May 2021

The Curriculum in Indonesia requires teachers to be more interactive using one of the potential learning models, namely Project-Based Learning (PjBL) and technology integration. However, the existing learning instruments with that model are still superficial and limited in number. Augmented Reality (AR) as interactive technology is able to increase learning motivation and visual-spatial skills of students. This current study mainly aims to develop learning instrument with PJBL model and GeoGebra AR for geometry topic. We conducted this development study with the Plomp model. Yet, this paper merely reported the result from the prototyping stage and assessment phase. Six students were chosen for the small group trial, while for the field test, thirty-two students and a teacher were selected, and six validators participated. To collect data, this study utilized a questionnaire, an observation log, and an interview guide. The findings showed that the learning instrument has been valid since it was built on firm theory, and the components of the instrument were consistently connected and practical. The instrument is easy, appropriate, and effective to use in the learning process. Finally, students’ visual-spatial skills had been improved, and they responded positively to the learning with PjBL and GeoGebra AR.
Teachers’ perception of learning mathematics with medical waste management context
Authors: Mahlisa U , Zubainur C M , Anwar
Published: May 2021

This study aims to reveal teachers’ perceptions of mathematics learning in the context of medical waste management. The study was conducted by surveying 54 mathematics teachers in Banda Aceh using a questionnaire based on three perceptual indicators made by researchers, namely cognition, affection, and conation. The data were analyzed by classifying the answers based on perceptual indicators. The results showed that all the teachers had a good perception of mathematics learning by utilizing medical waste management as a learning context. They believe that the context of medical waste management would encourage students to contribute to protecting the environment and foster positive attitudes in students. Nevertheless, some teachers think that the context of medical waste management is a context that is difficult to use in learning mathematics. Also, the teachers are difficult to use medical waste management as a context for learning mathematics and increase their workload. This is due to a lack of knowledge about the use of the context of medical waste management in mathematics learning caused by the limited training on learning mathematics in the context of medical waste management and the unavailability of the teaching materials and learning tools needed, besides requiring more time.
Improving high school students’ critical thinking ability in linear programming through problem based learning assisted by GeoGebra
Authors: Rahman O , Usman  , Johar R
Published: May 2021

Critical thinking is one of the important abilities in learning mathematics, but the fact shows most high school students in Aceh have not developed the thinking skill yet. One of the causes is the mathematics learning that is carried out does not pay attention to critical thinking skills. This study aims to determine the increase in students’ critical thinking skills in linear programming learning through the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by GeoGebra Software in SMA Negeri 2 Teupah Barat. This research is a semi-experimental study with one group pre-test post-test design. The population in this study were all 24 students of class XI at SMA Negeri 2 Teupah Barat. A sample of 10 students was selected using the purposive sampling technique. The instrument used was the pre-test and post-test questions on critical thinking skills. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25 software including data description, normality test, paired sample t-test, and N-Gain score. The results showed that the use of the PBL model assisted by GeoGebra software can improve students’critical thinking skills on linear programming material at SMA Negeri 2 Teupah Barat with an average increase in students’ critical thinking skills of 50.05%, a minimum increase of 36.53% and a maximum increase of 63.57%.
Adapting solution: mathematical thinking abilities that facilitate problem solving ability in students
Authors: Septriwanto J V , Retnowati E , Rampean B A O
Published: May 2021

This article aims to present the results of the synthesis of adapting solutions in helping students solve mathematical problems. Adapting solution is a transfer strategy that adapts solutions provided in problem-solving. The selection of the right solution helps solve students’ mathematical problems by adapting to see the relationship between examples of identical problems or not identical to the given problem solutions. It is easy for students to adapt solutions to similar types of problems and the same solutions. However, what if students find two or more examples, one of which is more complicated than their assignment problem, and one of them is less complicated. Which should they choose as a more helpful guide? Alternatively, the difficulty is due to the inability to modify examples of simple problems to complex problems or vice versa. To answer the above problem formulation, in this article we will propose the use of learning strategies with adapting solutions and the proposed learning procedures of adapting solutions that are focused on facilitating students’ problem-solving abilities.
Analysis of students’ mathematical reasoning ability in geometry through distance learning
Authors: Novianda D , Darhim  , Prabawanto S
Published: May 2021

This study investigates the mathematical reasoning abilities of middle school students in geometry during the implementation of distance learning. This research is qualitative with a case study design by analyzing students’ mathematical reasoning abilities. The subjects in this study were 64 tenth grade senior high school students. The instrument in this study was a written test consisting of 5 questions. The questions were distributed to students by using google form due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the research, it was obtained that the average mathematical reasoning ability of students was 64.5, which was categorized as a moderate category. Furthermore, the indicators of mathematical reasoning abilities that are mastered by students are (1) mathematical manipulation and (2) draw conclusions and compile evidence, while indicators of reasoning abilities that are less mastered by students are (1) draw conclusions from a statement, (2) assess argument validation, and (3) perform the generalization. These results indicate that the three indicators need to be improved in optimize students’ mathematical reasoning abilities.
Synthetisation of an affinity matrix (Procainamide Sepharose Cl-6b) for brain cholinesterase purification and separation source from Monopterus albus
Authors: Sabullah M K , Nordin N , Wahid D N A , Khalidi S A M , Abdulla R , Jawan R , Shukor M Y
Published: May 2021

Affinity chromatography for acetylcholinesterase; AChE namely Procainamide Sepharose CL-6B was synthesised through the coupling method between soluble procainamide hydrochloride immobilised by a cross-linked agarose size exclusion, sepharose CL-6B. 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether plays a role in building up a productive and rigid connecting of a biospecific ligand (Procainamide hydrochloride) to an insoluble matrix (Sephacryl CL-6B). Local freshwater eel brain was extracted and centrifuge at high speed. The supernatant was collected, and seven different volumes were separately loaded on to the column for isocratic purification where 12 fractions were collected at the end of elution stage. This study shows 1000 μL of extractant; considered as the maximum volume to load onto the column. Lastly, a stepwise elution was performed with five different concentrations of NaCl, and each of 1 mL fraction was collected then assay for determination of enzyme activity and protein content. The data shows AChE was successfully purified with percentage recovery of 38 % after 21 purification fold. Kinetic study strengthens the data where the efficient coefficient ratio of ATCi was much higher compared to PTCi and BTCi at 3.03, 2.67 and 1.52 Vmax⋅Km
−1, respectively, prove that the collected fraction predominantly contained with AChE, which is a targeted enzyme to be used as a sensitive biosensor to detect the presence of carbamate and organophosphate contamination in the environment.
Characterization of Hydrochloric Acid Activated Natural Kaolin and its application as adsorbent for Mg2+
Authors: Wahyuni N , Zaharah TA , Ria R
Published: May 2021

Hard water can form deposits (scale) on pipe walls and operating units in industrial machines. One way to soften hard water is by using adsorbents to reduce the number of ions causing hardness, one of which is Mg2+. Kaolin is a natural mineral which has potential as an adsorbent. The ability of kaolin as an adsorbent can be enhanced utilizing activation. In this study, kaolin was chemically activated using HCl solution with varying concentrations, namely 4, 5, and 6 M. The activation was carried out by stirring kaolin with the activator solution for 24 hours. The adsorbent characterization was performed by the infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) and the gravimetric method. The adsorption test for Mg2+ by activated kaolin was determined by adding 1g of adsorbent to 25 mL of 10 ppm Mg2+ solution with stirring rate 150 rpm. Furthermore, the adsorption contact time was varied, namely 30, 90, 150, and 180 minutes. The concentration of Mg2+was determined by a titration method using ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA). The percentage of Mg2+ adsorbed was calculated as the concentration of Mg2+ adsorbed against the initial concentration. The results showed that kaolin activated by 6 M HCl could adsorb 68.9% of Mg2+ at the optimum contact time of 150 minutes. Activation of kaolin with HCl 6M can release organic impurities present in natural kaolin, which is thought to affect increasing its adsorption capacity for Mg2+.
The impact of the last stage of 4S TMD in chemistry books using knowledge building environment
Authors: Oktasari C , Anwar S , Munawaroh H S H , Fibrianto S
Published: May 2021

This research is a follow-up study which aims to describe how to develop a chemistry book in hydrocarbon materials based on KBE with the 4S TMD model. The 4S TMD model consists of four stages, namely selection, structuring, characterization and didactic reduction. This research will focus on the stage of characterization and didactic reduction. The Knowledge Building Environment (KBE) is a theory used to build values and knowledge in the environment to improve the quality of teaching materials. The values to be developed include attentiveness, caring, curiosity, critical, moderation, respect for the environment, respect for health and wisdom. The research uses design, development and evaluation research methods. In this article, we will discuss how the chemistry book is in the didactic characterization and reduction stages. The characterization stage finds difficult concepts that need to be reduced. Didactic reduction stage to reduce difficult concepts to be concrete and simple. The didactic reduction method is to return to the qualitative stage; neglect; use of explanations in the form of pictures, symbols, sketches and experiments; use of analogy; use of historical development levels; generalization; particularization; and ignoring different concept statements.
Identification phytochemical compound of ethanol and acetone extract of Cocoa Pods (Theobroma cacao L.) using GC-MS
Authors: Chusniasih D , Tutik T
Published: May 2021

Identification of phytochemical components of ethanol and acetone extract of cocoa pods (Theobroma cacao L) has been carried out. Cocoa pods samples were extracted with maceration method using two kind of solvent, ethanol 96% and acetone 80%. Phytochemical compound of extract then identified using qualitative and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS) method. From the results of identification, both ethanol and acetone extract contained flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, and saponins. It was found that the ethanol extract of cocoa pods contained 36 types of compound, and acetone extract of cocoa pods contained 26 types of compounds. Three major component of ethanol extract were isopropyl palmitate, 2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-, and oleic acid. Three major component of acetone extract were n-Hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid, and octadecanoic acid, 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl ester.
Effect of drying on antioxidant capacity, sugar content, water content, physical and organoleptic properties of dried candied Dewandaru fruit (Eugeia uniflora L.)
Authors: Asri N K T , Devi M , Soekopitojo S
Published: May 2021

Dewandaru fruit is a fruit that has many benefits for health. It’s distinctive characteristics make Dewandaru fruit suitable for use as food products in the form of dried sweets. This research is an experimental study using RAL to analyze chemical properties, physical properties and organoeptic properties of dried candied from dewandaru fruits with 4 treatments, drying time for 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours and 9 hours with 2 repetitions. The data obtained will be analyzed using One Way ANOVA followed byDMRT further test. The results showed that 9 hours of drying time had the highest chemical properties, namely the antioxidant capacity of 71.49 ppm, sugar content of 47.70 g / 100 grams and water content 35, 33 gr / 100 gram, the highest physical properties were at the reddish level (a +) which was 18.53 but low at the level of brightness (L), namely 9.23 and the yellow level (b +), 57. While the physical properties of the texture of the 9 hour drying time had the highest yield, namely 0.1 Kg / cm2. The highest score for organoleptic properties were taste with 8 hours of drying time, color with 6 hours of drying time, aroma with 6 hours of drying time and no difference in texture.
Application of continuous system electrocoagulation method for textile industry wastewater treatment
Authors: Sutanto  , Warnasih S , Mulyati A H , Intan Y M
Published: May 2021

Wastewater of textile industry containing any pollutants, turbid and strong color appearance. Electrocoagulation (EC) is a wastewater treatment alternative, which are some factors: distance of electrode, voltage application, and time operation. This research was determined the optimum voltage density and flow rate by continuous system EC. The couples of Al electrode was immercing in the EC chamber by various distance: 1, 5; 3.0; 4.5; 6 cm, and applide 18 volts. The wastewater was passed to the EC chamber by ascending in varieous flow rate: 1, 0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5 mL s−1. The product was evaluated according to the regulations PermenLH RI no 5/2014, including: COD, TSS, pH, DO, Conductivity, and Al concentration. The result optimum voltage density application is 12 Vcm−1 (18 volts/1.5 cm), and a flow rate 1 mL s−1. COD Removel is 91.80% (1.683 to 138 mgL−1; fulfil the regulations), TSS removel is 87.83% (937 to 114 mg L−1, (not fullfil the regulations), color degradation is 83.98% (239, 14 to 38, 31 mgL−1 PtCo). The others are pH increase in the range of tolerant, DO increase up to 8, 2 mg L−1, Conductivity increase up to 5350 μs cm−1, and Al increase up to 2, 71 mgL−1.
Comparative study of methylene blue adsorption using alkali-activated pumice from Bali and Banten
Authors: Prajaputra V , Abidin Z , Budiarti S , Suryaningtyas D T , Isnaini N
Published: May 2021

This study presents the comparison of methylene blue (MB) adsorption using alkali-activated pumice from Bali (A-P1) and Banten (A-P2). Pumice samples were activated under alkaline solution and followed by simple hydrothermal treatment in a polypropylene bottle at 100 °C for 24 hours. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that both treated pumices have different peak characteristics, where only A-P1 was dominated by the mineral phase of GIS-NaP1 zeolite. The change of amorphous to zeolite phases increased negative sides and caused A-P1 to have a higher adsorption capacity than A-P2. Based on the adsorption data of AP1 and AP2, the Langmuir isotherm model shows a better fit with high correlation values (R2) compared to the Freundlich model. This means the interaction between the treated pumice and MB followed the assumption of monolayer coverage on homogeneous surfaces, in which the maximum values of MB adsorption were found to be 51.546 mg/g for A-P1 and 27.027 mg/g for A-P2. In addition, A-P1 and A-P2 were also potentially used as heterogeneous catalysts for MB degradation through Fenton-like process due to the presence of iron oxide contents.
Termiticidal and Nematicidal activities of five extracts from Garlic (Allium sativum)
Authors: Khairan K , Aulina  , Yusra N , Eriana C N , Bahi M , Syaukani S , Sriwati R , Jacob C
Published: May 2021

Garlic (Allium sativum Linn) has been known and used as therapeutic agents to prevent several pathologies diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of five garlic extracts, namely, aqueous garlic extract (AGE), methanol garlic extract (MGE), ethyl acetate garlic extract, EAGE), and n-hexane garlic extract (HGE) against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne sp. and termite, Nasutitermes sp. The nematicidal and termiticidal activities of five garlic extracts were performed at concentration of 10; 25; and 50%. The nematicidal assay revealed that aqueous garlic extract (AGE) and ethyl acetate garlic extract (EAGE) have higher activities against Melodogyne sp at all concentrations tested at 5 h of time incubation with the percentages of viabilities between 4.67%-15.63% and 0%-10.23% respectively. Meanwhile, the termiticidal assay results showed that aqueous garlic extract (AGE), ethyl acetate garlic extract (EAGE), and n-hexane garlic extract (HGE) have stronger activity against Melodogyne sp at all concentrations tested at 8 h of time incubation with the percentages of viabilities of the extracts were 0%. Overall, the results showed that ethyl acetate garlic extract (EAGE) has highest activity against Meloidogyne sp, while the n-hexane garlic extract (HGE) has strongest activity against Nasutitermes sp.
Person’s multiple intelligence classification based on tweet post using SentiStrength and processed on the Apache Spark framework
Authors: Siregar B , Misyuari M N , Nababan E B , Fahmi
Published: May 2021

A person’s self-development is influenced by his ability in solving problems and adapting to his environment. This ability is commonly known as intelligence. Every person has a different dominant intelligence. Honed intelligence can result in managed self-development and self-mastery. A person can discover his talent and expertise to be more advanced in his field. However, discovering one’s dominant intelligence requires several variables to assess his behaviours. This research makes use of a person’s activities on the social media Twitter. Twitter is a platform on which its users share thoughts. Posted tweets are used as objects to determine the corresponding user’s dominant intelligence. The user’s tweet will go through a sentiment analysis and intelligence type classification by applying the SentiStrength method to the Apache Spark framework. This research was conducted on 20 Twitter user accounts with the types of intelligence consisting of musical-rhythmic, visual-spatial, verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetics, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, and spiritual intelligence. The 72% average accuracy is obtained by calculating the correlation between manual testing and the system using the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (α = 0.05 and the Spearman’s value of 0.700).
Web-based smart LED for saving energy consumption
Authors: Al-Maghribi F , Al Fayyedh I , Hernandi K A , Nugraha R , Estananto  , Abdurohman M
Published: May 2021

The lighting system takes a dominant part in the building. However, its use is still inefficient because the light provided by the lamp exceeds its needs and often the light stays on when it is not needed. It can be done by creating a lighting system that provide appropriate light for saving the use of energy. A smart lighting system is designed to control light intensity by using a device that is able to detect light intensity and movement. The lighting system will turn on when there is activity in the room, then the system will adjust the intensity in the room. Also, the energy consumption will be saved in the database to ease monitoring process. By using this system, working room’s light intensity will be maintained at standard light intensity value. And also, this system will save power consumption 50.7%.
Development of Gamelan music instruments using HC-SR04 sensor on arduino and operated using android-based applications
Authors: Siregar B , Hesananta M B , Seniman  , Fahmi
Published: May 2021

Gamelan is one of Indonesia’s traditional music which has become a cultural identity and has survived for a long time. Bonang is a gamelan musical instrument that is played by being hit on the protruding upper part. The importance of preserving traditional music culture makes us realize that traditional music is not lost in today’s technological era. This research is to design a virtual bonang musical instrument using the Arduino Mega2560 microcontroller and the HC-SR04 sensor as tone identification. The result of this research is a virtual bonang musical instrument prototype that can be operated via an Android-based smartphone. This prototype is also useful for introducing art as part of STEAM to students.
Investigating learning in a STEM makerspace: India case study
Authors: Sheffield R , Koul R
Published: May 2021

In recent years Makerspace has developed within both online (Hackerspaces) and physical ‘spaces’ (Makerspaces) and provides students with opportunities for more open-ended learning experiences where they can ‘make’ and create. In open making teacher cannot control or direct the learning and with a crowded curriculum of facts and knowledge there is little time for open-ended making in schools. In India there is a strong focus on more traditional ways of teaching and learning including a transmissive approach of instruction from teacher to student. This paper posits that using a ‘directed’ or scaffolded Makerspace Approach to create a carefully defined product enables teachers or facilitators to bridge the gap between highly structured and open-ended pedagogical approaches to embed measurable STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) knowledge and 21st century competencies into their program.. The paper examines how a Makerspace impacts on the learning and engagement of primary school students in India and explores the creating of several artefacts including: Wigglebots, Catapults, and Pipelines. The collected data demonstrated primary students’ engagement in, and enjoyment of, the Makerspace program. This paper develops and trials a STEM theoretical framework which resulted from the comparison of several existing frameworks to incorporate content knowledge and 21st century skills.
Prospective science teachers’ views about models and modelling
Authors: Mitrevski B
Published: May 2021

Educators agree about importance of models and modelling in teaching and learning science and other disciplines. Models provide representations of scientific concepts that can make the ideas more understandable to learners. They serve to describe, explain, or predict objects, interactions, systems, and processes. Models as a methods and products of science provide non-linguistic representation of its target. Modelling is the essence of thinking and working scientifically. Models and modelling can bridge the gap and support a natural link between STEM disciplines. Some textbooks use different representations of the same model without explanation of the form and purpose of the model. The aim of this study is to determine prospective science teachers’ views about models and modelling. Prospective science teachers’ perception of models are complex, sometimes inconsistent and dissimilar depending of subject of study. Science teacher educators must devote more time on this topic. They also need strong literature basis for supporting complex issue about models and modelling.
Development of STEM tissue culture module in promoting plant biotechnology
Authors: Moid M Md , Alam N A S S , Rasidi I Z A N , Suliman N A , Azman H H
Published: May 2021

Tissue culture is a part of modern biotechnology, which offers a lot of potential in tackling food security, genetic conservation and plant breeding. Thus, it is important to introduce plant biotechnology to the young generation in order to foster their positive attitude, which ultimately in the future, will result in human capital and public awareness in the field itself. This study focused on the development of STEM tissue culture module as a teaching aids to introduce plant biotechnology and exposing the variety of STEM career at school level among primary school students of ages 10-12 years old. This module consists of four activities focusing on the seed identification, water transportation in plants, grass doll and carrot tissue culture. Based on the conducted survey, 80% of the participants exhibited interest in the tissue culture module with 42% reacted positively on the statement that this module triggered their curiosity on plant biotechnology. Hence, this module is a promising teaching aid to promote STEM especially in plant biotechnology.
Coastal residential landscape model to support disaster risk reduction
Authors: Wardana M , Achmad A , Idawati D E
Published: May 2021

Coastal settlements are formed in a fairly strong kinship system. Space that has the power of place will have an advantage over the natural environment and local wisdom. Coastal areas with high utilization rates face various negative impacts due to various human activities. Ecosystem damage, environmental pollution, land-use change, conflicts of social interest are some of the main problems that arise because of human exploitation of coastal areas. Coastal areas can be the areas most affected by disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, abrasion, and sea-level rise. Therefore, quality landscape models and approaches are needed to strengthen community resilience in disaster-prone coastal areas. This study uses a library research method or approach. The results of the research in the form of a coastal-settlement landscape development concept can be done through ecological, functional/economic, socio-political, behavioral, and cultural approaches.
Comment on ‘Changes of inundation area and water turbidity of Tonle Sap Lake: responses to climate changes or upstream dam construction?’
Authors: Kallio Marko , Kummu Matti
Published: May 2021

Recent hydropower development in the Mekong River has triggered a lot of discussion about its impact on flood dynamics along the river, as well as in one of the world’s most productive lake-floodplain systems—the Tonle Sap Lake. A recent article by Wang et al (2020 Environ. Res. Lett.
15 0940a1) in this journal conclude that changes in precipitation have played a much larger role than the operation of hydropower dams, contradicting existing research. However, we argue that by using an annual mean discharge and inundation area Wang et al (2020 Environ. Res. Lett.
15 0940a1) ignore the fundamentals of the system: the difference between dry season water level and peak water level, and thus the extent of the flooded area, which is the key function of the flood pulse. Further, by using annual mean discharge authors are not able to capture the actual operation of hydropower dams, and thus their impacts. Hydropower dams consume very little water through evaporation, but shift the flow regime from wet to dry season. We show here that when taking into account the characteristics of the system, and analysing changes from anthropogenic impacts on low and high flows separately, dams play a central role in recent changes in the flood characteristics of the Mekong.
Comparison of the root–soil water relationship of two typical revegetation species along a precipitation gradient on the Loess Plateau
Authors: Wang Shaofei , Yang Min , Gao Xiaodong , Zhang Zhibo , Wang Xianzhi , Zhao Xining , Wu Pute
Published: May 2021

Soil water and root distribution following revegetation are key research topics in water-limited ecosystems. However, little is known about the interaction between soil water and root distribution in deep soils under different precipitation conditions. Knowledge of the root–soil water relationship of revegetated land and its response to precipitation is crucial for the management of water resources and ecological restoration worldwide, including on the Chinese Loess Plateau. In this study, we investigated soil water and root distribution under apple orchard and black locust down a 10 m soil profile and exposed to different amounts of annual precipitation on the Loess Plateau. The results showed that soil water content (SWC) under two typical planted forests both significantly decreased as the mean annual precipitation (MAP) decreased. SWC spatial variation is demarcated by a 500–550 mm precipitation threshold, being relatively high when MAP > 550 mm but extremely low when MAP < 500 mm. In apple orchards, the depth above which 50% of the roots were present increased with increasing precipitation, but in black locust it became shallower. The results of a linear mixed model revealed a significant relationship between fine root length density and SWC depletion degree for black locust irrespective of the amount of precipitation, but it was only found in the 200–1000 cm soil layers with MAP > 550 mm and the 0–200 cm soil layers with MAP < 550 mm for apple orchards. The MAP × depth interaction was significant with respect to SWC depletion degree for MAP > 550 mm, but not for MAP < 550 mm in both vegetation types. These findings add to our current understanding of the root–soil water relationship of species used for revegetation and highlight the need to assess the long-term effect of revegetation on soil water consumption in water-limited ecosystems.
Perspectives on the development of local food policy using the Analytical Hierarchy Process
Authors: Arsil P , Sularso K E , Mulyani A , Hardana N F
Published: May 2021

For nearly five decades, Indonesia's agriculture ministry has promoted food diversification. Despite this, few studies have looked at government policies to increase local food consumption. We interviewed a diverse group consisting of local government officials, local business executives, consumers and food decision-makers in both urban and rural households. Respondents were chosen using a stratified random sampling technique. Purwokerto in Central Java and Kupang in East Nusa Tenggara were purposefully chosen to represent urban areas. To represent rural areas, the Banyumas Regency in Central Java and the Alor Regency in East Nusa Tenggara provinces were chosen. To assist decisionmakers in identifying the dimension for the development of local food, the Analytical Hierarchy Method (AHP) was used as a decision support model. The findings show that important strategies to increase the local food consumption involved 1) empowering women as change agents and 2) developing local food councils. Alternative strategies include developing a master plan for rural development related to local food, strengthening capital and insurance for local industries, and policies encouraging food diversification.
The Primary culture of caudal fin, gill lamella, hepatopancreas and spleen of Osteochilus vittatus
Authors: Wijayanti Gratiana E. , Atang
Published: May 2021

The cell lines play an important role in the development of basic research and applied research. Most of the available cell lines derived from mammalian tissue and only 5% of cell lines derived from fish tissue. This experimental study was conducted to evaluate the potency of caudal fin, gill lamella, hepatopancreas and spleen explant of the Osteochilus vittatus as resources for cell line development. The explants were culture in DMEM/-Ham’s 12 with 15mM HEPES supplemented with 5% L-glutamine, 5% penicillin-streptomycin, and 10% Fetal Bovine Serum for 9 days at 25°C. The results showed that the caudal fin, hepatopancreas, spleen and gill filament cell outgrowth formed confluent monolayer. In addition to monolayer cells, floating life cells were found in the culture media of spleen (1.74×106 cells) and gill lamella (1.54×105 cells). The time needed to reach confluent was significantly different among explant type (p<0.05) with the fastest growth was observed in spleen explant culture. These results indicated that the four tested explants have good potency as resources for cell line development in Osteochilus vittatus.
Portable wastewater treatment plant using banana stem filter media in small scale motor vehicle washing services
Authors: Kusumawardani Y , Subekti S , Astuti W , Soehartono S
Published: May 2021

One of the technology that can be applied to small-scale wastewater treatment was used simple filtering system. In general, water filter media uses a mixture with layered system such as silica sand media, zeolite, manganese green sand, and activated carbon. Portable WWTP can be used for effective and efficient motorized vehicle washing wastewater treatment so that the wastewater was environmentally friendly and can be reused. The variables used in the design test are TSS, Detergent and pH. Filter media that used were banana stem, zeolite sand and activated carbon with a thickness of 50 cm, a downflow-upflow flow and a duration of 3 days. The results showed that the average percentage of effectiveness after going through IPAL were 31% BP-BP (banana stem-banana stem), 46% BP-PK (banana stem-sand carbon), and PZ-KA (zeolite-activated carbon) by 48%. The use of banana stem filters was considered more economical, easy to obtain, fast, lightweight and practise. Banana stem filter media was also more effective in lowering pH. The use of variety banana stem filter media with a combination sand and carbon (BP-PK) can minimize the weakness of the sand filter, which generally requires a long flow time and sufficient pressure.
Experimental study on flow pattern in forebay pump station and rectification scheme
Authors: Li Xixi , Zhou Shengzhi , Xu Gang
Published: May 2021

The joint construction of sluice stations in the coastal plain area is widely used, but due to the complex inflow conditions, it is easy to produce reflux, vortex and other undesirable flow patterns, which have extremely adverse effects on the operation of pumping station units. For a sluice station project into the flow pattern problem, the model test to optimize the flow pattern of the front pool of the pumping station, the pumping station forebay with additional flow isolation pier program. The study found that: rectification scheme, pumping station before the pool flow pattern has a more obvious improvement, 1#, 2# inlet flow uniformity distribution increased by 9% and 2%. There will be no obvious adverse effects on the inflow conditions of the sluice. The optimized scheme has better inlet flow conditions than the original scheme, and the proposed optimized scheme can provide reference experience for other similar projects.
Experimental study of the effects of moisture content on the mechanical properties of sandstone under uniaxial compression
Authors: Jiang Da-Chao , Yang Wu-song , Bai Hao
Published: May 2021

Water inside the micropores has a tremendous influence on the mechanical properties and damage patterns of rocks. To investigate the effects of different moisture contents on the cracking behavior of sandstone under different compression conditions, four groups of sandstone samples with moisture contents of 1.00%, 2.50%, 3.50% and 4.50% were used for uniaxial compression and cyclic loading-unloading experiments. The results show that the compressive strength and elastic modulus decrease with the increase of moisture content. The ultimate failure patterns for samples are all shear failure modes with different dip angles. In the unloading experiments, the dissipated energy and residual strain decreases with the increase of moisture content during the unloading stage with low stress and increases obviously during the unloading stage with high stress.
Study on Salt Spray Delayed Cracking Performance of Ultra-high Strength Martensitic Steel
Authors: Rongchun Wan , Yimeng Fang , Liming Fu , Baoshan Cao , Qingyan Ma , Xun Gong
Published: May 2021

The delayed cracking performance of three kinds of automotive ultra-high strength martensite steels, MS980, MS1180 and MS1300, was studied by the salt spray delayed cracking test of deep drawing and punching cup, and the relationship between delayed cracking performance and microstructure was analyzed. The results show that the best of anti-delayed fracture resistance is MS980 steel. The worst of anti-delayed fracture resistance is MS1300 steel. In addition, the results also show that there is a critical forming ratio of three MS steels (MS980 steel is 1.7, MS1180 steel is between 1.5 and 1.6, and MS1300 steel is between 1.3 and 1.4). Below the critical forming ratio, there is no delay cracking in deep drawing specimen. And the critical forming ratio can be used as a basis for evaluating the delay fracture of ultra high-strength steel under some condition.
Construction Method of Seepage Control and Leakage Stoppage in Water Conservancy Project Construction
Authors: XuDong Ni , Hou Xiaoyue
Published: May 2021

In order to promote the development of water conservancy and improve the quality of water conservancy project, this paper expounds the causes of leakage in water conservancy project construction through theoretical analysis, and expounds two basic construction methods of seepage prevention and plugging in water conservancy project, and puts forward guarantee measures for seepage prevention and plugging construction in water conservancy project, for reference of relevant personnel.
Research on Landscape Design of Country Parks in Cold Regions Based on Ecological Restoration
Authors: Wu Xukun
Published: May 2021

As a special form of urban green space, country parks can provide precious resources, leisure space and a good natural environment for the region. As the suburbs of cities are areas with fuzzy boundaries in the urban-rural integration zone, urban planning often only pays attention to the construction of the central area and neglects the maintenance of the urban edges, forcing the suburbs to suffer from agricultural pollution, domestic waste pollution and industrial pollution, and the ecological environment continues to deteriorate. As a result, the suburban ecological security system has become fragile, and the city has lost its green protection circle. There are many cold cities in China, and each cold city has different ecological problems due to human activities and different geographical conditions. This article is based on the existing theoretical research in cold cities, and comprehensively analyzes the ecological problems faced by cold cities. Based on the ecological restoration technology, this article explores the landscape design of the ecological restoration of country parks in cold regions, and provides references for restoring the ecological barriers of cold cities and promoting the sustainable development of the cold city ecosystem.
Influence of silt content on shear strength of sandy soil
Authors: Li Jinbu , Geng Hao , Zhang Guorong , Jin Guangri
Published: May 2021

Direct shear tests were carried out on silt standard sand specimens with four silt contents of 0%, 5%, 10%, 20% under three conditions of average maximum dry density, optimal moisture content and saturation, respectively. The effects of different contents and different states on internal friction angle and cohesion of sand specimens were studied. It is found that the internal friction angle and cohesion increase with the increase of silt content under the condition of average maximum dry density and optimal water content, and with the increase of silt content, the internal friction angle decreases and the cohesion increases in saturated state.
An Aseismic Design Model Based on Flexible Suspension and Lateral Elastic Support and Its Dynamics Analysis
Authors: Bai Jitao , Liu Chongyang , Yang Zewen
Published: May 2021

Suspension-type structures are of excellent seismic performance. It is expected to realize a better anti-seismic effect by integrating the elastic constraints that can absorb the seismic energy with the suspension-type structures. A structure consisting of vertical suspension and lateral elastic support was designed according to seismic damage characteristics for engineering structures, and some hypotheses were made to its stress conditions, which were properly simplified. Next, a basic mechanical model was established, followed by the structural dynamics analysis, so as to obtain the design value of elastic rigidity needed to ensure the minimum vibration amplitude. In the end, the seismic response characteristics and optimal aseismic design of the entire structure were acquired through an equivalent analogy. This study can be taken for reference in the new-type aseismic structural design based on the abovementioned model.