bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementing IWRM approaches with climate-change adaptation on riverside slum upgrading, Indonesia
Authors: Wicaksono Andie Arif , Suprapti Atiek , Sunarti S. , Ariyanti Vicky
Published: June 2024

Characterized by limited access to basic services, slums are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. The Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) approach plays a vital role in addressing these challenges by improving urban resilience. This paper discusses the implementation of the IWRM approach with a climate-change adaptation (CCA) outlook on riverside slum upgrading in Indonesia using the qualitative methodology and a case-study approach. These implementations are analyzed in two layers, at the river-basin and the kampung level. The study found that a multilayered continuation of policy is required to plan the whole-basin water resources management, while the practices at the kampung level require scaling down and contextualization for specific locations. The involvement of multisector stakeholders collaborating with communities at different levels and secured land-tenure status are crucial for success. Different strategies linking water resources management in urban riverside slums with prioritization in addressing hazard control above other pillars of IWRM are a prerequisite for a safe settlement. The paper also highlights the need for more effective implementation, the importance of bridging the gaps between policy orientation and management, and implementations at all levels to ensure success.
Global publication trend in the field of resource recovery from wastewater: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Jain Mohit , Raghavan Vijaya
Published: June 2024

In the 19th century, wastewater was not given the proper attention, leading to its mismanagement and neglect. The increase in wastewater volume over time led to the adoption of treatment methods. Technological advancements have enabled a shift from wastewater treatment to resource recovery. Recently, resource recovery from wastewater has gained global attention, generating a wealth of information. Therefore, it is critical to evaluate that information as it could shed light on unexplored areas. A bibliometric analysis was conducted over 20 years, from 2002 to 2021. The study revealed that publication productivity was initially low, but there was a significant increase in productivity starting in 2013. A 5-fold increase in contributions was observed from 2013 to 2021, specifically in the number of countries. Among these countries, China and the USA were the major contributors, accounting for 50% of the publication productivity. Further, the importance of international collaboration in this field is evident, as it accounted for 40% of the publication. Wastewater is now recognized as a valuable renewable resource, rather than a liability, and continued exploration is necessary to find solutions to freshwater scarcity challenges.
Global insights from local actions: a case study on enhancing flood disaster management efficiency in China's Greater Bay Area
Authors: Chen Zhaoxu , Zhang Li , Cao Yi , Chen Haoxuan
Published: June 2024

This study examines the flood disaster management network within the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) from 2015 to 2021, identifying government department involvement and influence shifts. Key findings indicate a decrease in the centrality of the Public Security Office and Department of Transportation, suggesting a strategic shift toward more specialized, technology-driven disaster management. Conversely, the Science Bureau's increased engagement, from 8.43% to 12.84%, highlights a policy shift toward scientific research and technological innovation in managing flood risks. The analysis reveals underutilized communication between the Central Committee, the Poverty Alleviation Office, and the Publicity Department, highlighting opportunities for improved integration in disaster management and public communication strategies. To address these issues, the study suggests strengthening inter-departmental collaboration to leverage technological advancements in disaster management. It also recommends integrating flood disaster management with poverty alleviation initiatives to support affected populations comprehensively. Increasing the involvement of the Publicity Department is crucial for improving timely and transparent communication of flood-related data to the public. The conclusions advocate for an adaptive, strategically planned network approach to flood disaster management in the GBA, aiming to bolster responsiveness and preparedness for future flood events.
La relevancia de la pregunta normativa para el enfoque responsabilista en epistemología de las virtudes y la posibilidad de una epistemología deontológica
Authors: Álvarez Osorio Felipe Alejandro
Published: June 2024

En este artículo se cuestiona el desempeño del enfoque responsabilidad en epistemología de las virtudes para responder a la pregunta normativa. Para ello, se indica que el concepto de virtud no es suficiente para dar cuenta los motivos de nuestros actos epistémicos ni individual ni socialmente, por lo que se sugiere recurrir a una reconstrucción de la epistemología del testimonio kantiana para mostrar cómo la ética subyacente a dicha propuesta permitiría concebir una teoría del conocimiento basada en una alternativa que sí puede responder a la pregunta normativa. Así, se presenta como línea novedosa de investigación el analizar la posibilidad de una epistemología deontológica, es decir, una epistemología cuyo fundamento moral (y, por tanto, normativo respecto de todas las acciones que impliquen personas y no mero procesos en la adquisición y difusión de conocimiento) se sostiene por cuenta propia. De este modo, se concluye que es necesario considerar la propuesta kantiana como fundamento para investigaciones epistemológicas, cuestión que, tradicionalmente, no ha sido abordada en profundidad
Figuras de la Ironía: La Fenomenología del Espíritu ante las irrupciones del yo
Authors: Curotto Ezequiel
Published: June 2024

Si lo que afirma Hegel en Phänomenologie des Geistes respecto a la filosofía como consumación del escepticismo, debe ser tenido como una de las modalidades correctas de interpretar el método fenomenológico, entonces es claro que la superación de dicho escepticismo compondrá la novedad que aliente al proceso de conocimiento hacia su culminación absoluta. De este modo, queda claro que el parentesco conceptual que puede establecerse entre el escepticismo y el pensamiento romántico liga de tal modo a ambos con el proceder fenomenológico hegeliano que una superación del escepticismo compondrá de igual manera la superación del romanticismo como modalidad irónica de pensamiento.  En este sentido, ofrecemos en este trabajo un análisis del concepto de ironía tal y como es planteado en la Fenomenología del Espíritu a través de sus figuras fenomenológicas.
Novel Dual COX-2/5-LOX Inhibitory Activity by Chalcone Derivatives: A Safe and Efficacious Anti-inflammatory Agent
Authors: Mittal Roopal , Sharma Shailesh , Mittal Amit , Kushwah Ajay Singh
Published: June 2024

Background:

Non-communicable diseases are chronic systemic inflammation in humans that occurs because of enhanced inflammatory mediators of the arachidonic acid cas-cade. We aimed to explore whether the lead chalcone compounds could exhibit anti-inflam-matory activity via dual blockage of COX-2/5-LOX enzymes and their regulatory mechanism.

Methods:

RAW 264.7 macrophages were collected from NCC, Pune, for in-vitro experiments. The IC50 values of chalcone compounds C45 and C64 were calculated. RAW 264.7 macro-phages were treated with C45 and C64 (10%, 5%, 2.5%, 0.125%, and 0.0625% concentration). The cell viability was carried out with an MTT assay. The COX-1, COX-2, 5-LOX, PGE2, and LTB4 levels were detected by ELISA-based kits. The in-vivo evaluation was carried out in Male Wistar rats (250-300 g, 7-8 weeks old) with acute and chronic anti-inflammatory models and histopathological studies on the stomach, liver, and kidney.

Results:

The present study described the in-vitro and in-vivo biological evaluation of dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitors in chalcone derivatives (C45 and C64) compounds showed the most effective COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibition with IC50 values 0.092 and 0.136μM respectively. Simultaneously, compound C64 showed comparable selectivity towards COX-2 with a Selec-tivity Index (SI) of 68.43 compared to etoricoxib, with an SI of 89.32. In-vivo carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema activity, the compound C64 showed a significant reduction in oedema with 78.28% compared to indomethacin with 88.07% inhibition. Furthermore, cotton pellet-induced granuloma activity revealed that compound C64 significantly reduced 32.85% com-pared with standard 40.13% granuloma inhibition.

Conclusion:

The chalcone compound C64, (E)-1-(4-Amino-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,4,5-tri-methoxyphenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one was proved to be a potent and novel Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitor with improved gastric safety profiling.
Exploring New COVID-19 Incertitude: JN.1 Variant- JN.1: The Queer Bird among Omicron Sublineages
Authors: Ray Suman Kumar , Mukherjee Sukhes
Published: June 2024

:

The COVID-19 pandemic is casting a long shadow, and the appearance of the JN.1 variety calls attention to the necessity of maintaining heightened awareness. It considers the strength that has been developed via immunization programs and the necessity of global collaboration to find a solution in light of the emergence of new strains of severe acute res-piratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Phylogenetically, the SARS-CoV-2 Omi-cron XBB lineages, which include EG.5.1 and HK.3, are different from the SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 lineage, which was initially discovered in August 2023. More than 30 mutations in the spike (S) protein are carried by BA.2.86 compared to XBB and BA.2, suggesting a high potential for immune evasion. JN.1 (BA.2.86.1.1), appeared in late 2023 after the format had undergone evolution. JN.1 carries three mutations in proteins that do not include S, as well as S: L455S. As previously demonstrated, the HK.3 and other "FLip" variations possess the S: L455F mutation, which enhances transmissibility and immune escape capacity in compar-ison to the parental EG.5.1 variety. This mutation is a characteristic of JN.1. The COVID-19 virus is dynamic and evolves over time. New varieties can sometimes spread more quickly or effectively after these alterations. If that happens, the new variant has a chance to outpace the current varieties in terms of frequency.
Selective Hydrogenation of Furfural into Cyclopentanone Over Composite Metal Catalysts under Mild Conditions
Authors: Long Wei , Lin Yaoxu , Huang Yinfei , Su Zhanhua
Published: June 2024

Background/Introduction:

The direct hydrogenate conversion of furfural to cyclopentanone
is very interesting technology in biomass conversion and utilization. Many kinds of metal catalysts
were used in this field, and composite metal catalysts exhibited superior catalytic performance.
The hydrogenation process and rearrangement of the furan ring are competitive, polymerization of
furfural can prevent the improvement of yield for the main product.

Objective:

Efficient and high selective catalyst need to be prepared for the improvement the yield of
cyclopentanone from hydrogenate conversion of furfural under mild conditions.

Methods:

Preparation of many composite metal catalysts and catalytic test for the direct hydrogenate
conversion of furfural to cyclopentanone. Characterization is chosen to explore the strong metal synergistic
effect and micro react mechanism.

Results:

MCM-41 was chosen as the carrier, and both WO3 and TiO2 were selected as the modifiable
assistant, Ru-Cu-WO3@TiO2-MCM-41 were prepared successfully and performed a strong metal
synergistic effect in this reaction. The 2%Ru-5%Cu-4%WO3@TiO2-MCM-41 exhibited a 98.54%
yield of cyclopentanone when water was chosen as solvent and good stability was found in the recycle
tests in mild conditions.

Conclusion:

A certain amount of WO3 is helpful to enhance the Ru and Cu atoms’ dispersion and
the number of acidic sites on the surface of nano catalyst, which may weaken the cracking of C-C
bonds and improved the yield of cyclopentanone in mild conditions. A certain amount of TiO2-
anatase species adjusted the textural properties of the carrier and show good synergism catalytic
function. The best catalytic hydrogenation conversion of furfural was high at 99.75%, and the best
selectivity to cyclopentanone was high at 98.79% over 2%Ru-5%Cu-4%WO3@TiO2-MCM-41 catalyst
under mild conditions.
BIOAKTIVITAS EKSTRAK LIMBAH TEMBAKAU SEBAGAI PESTISIDA NABATI TERHADAP HAMA Plutella xylostella PADA TANAMAN KUBIS
Authors: Abdurrahman Shafa Ghaziyah , Ikawati Silvi , Choliq Fery Abdul , Mustofa Oki
Published: June 2024

Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Ypnomeutidae) merupakan salah satu hama pada tanaman kubis. Serangga ini dapat menyebabkan kerusakan yang parah. Perlu adanya tindakan pengendalian, seperti penggunaan pestisida nabati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji toksisitas ekstrak limbah tembakau rokok terhadap P xylostella, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengendalian hama yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Toksikologi, Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang pada Bulan Desember 2022 sampai dengan Bulan Februari 2023. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 6 tingkat konsentrasi yaitu 0, 10, 30, 50, 70, dan 90 % dengan 3 kali pengulangan. Setiap perlakuan menggunakan 10 larva P. xylostella. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan ANOVA dan uji lanjut dengan menggunakan uji Duncan, serta analisis probit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak limbah tembakau mampu menyebabkan mortalitas larva P. xylostella hingga 85 %, menyebabkan penurunan aktivitas makan larva mencapai 81,68 %, menghambat pembentukan pupa dan imago. Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) terdapat pada konsentrasi ekstrak limbah tembakau 63,4 %, dengan Median Lethal Time (LT50) tercepat yaitu pada 14 jam setelah aplikasi.
The queer effect of matrilineal genealogies in Pedro Almodóvar's 'Todo sobre mi madre' (1999)
Authors: Middleton McKenna
Published: June 2024

How can alternative kinship formations begin to challenge heteronormative and patriarchal family structures? Matrilineal genealogies are not subject to the limitations of patriarchal lineages. They do not necessarily rely only on biological connections between family members nor do they reproduce traditional Oedipal or nuclear family structures. The inclusion of substitute mother figures in matrilineal genealogies points to the anti-heteronormative potential of alternative kinships formed through formal or improvised networks of women. These figures queer the limitations of the category mother, questioning the boundaries of the term by operating both within and outside of patriarchal notions of motherhood. Pedro Almodóvar’s 1999 film Todo sobre mi madre (All About My Mother) serves for me as a case study for investigating the matrilineal genealogies that obtain a spontaneous and improvised quality rather than reflect a normative family structure, instead incorporating friends, lovers, and even strangers. The matrifocal solidarity of the film indicates the subversive and utopian power of walking together. This paper begins by considering the idea of queer motherhood and then analyzes how Manuela as the mother without child, Manuela as substitute mother, and Lola as transgender father complicate the notion of family and the concept of mother.
An Application of Problem-Solving Based Student Facilitating and Explaining Teaching Model to Improve Students’ Metacognitive Ability
Authors: Anggraeni Yusida , Listiaji Prasetyo
Published: June 2024

This research aims to reveal (1) the impact of implementing the student facilitating-and-explaining teaching model based on problem-solving on the improvement of students' metacognitive abilities, (2) the profile of metacognitive abilities, and (3) students' responses. This research is a quasi-experiment with a nonequivalent control group design. The sample was established using the simple random sampling technique, resulting in one control group and one experimental group. Research data were obtained from pretest and posttest scores of metacognitive abilities, the MAI self-assessment questionnaire, and students' response questionnaires. The t-test results show that the tcount is higher than ttable, indicating a significant difference between the post-test scores of the experimental and control groups. Additionally, the profile of students' metacognitive abilities before the learning process was mostly in the low and sufficient criteria, while after the implementation of the learning model, metacognitive abilities were mostly in the good criteria. The research findings were also supported by students' response questionnaire, with an 80.66% rating in the good category. In conclusion, the student facilitator and explaining model based on problem-solving have a significant impact on the improvement of students' metacognitive abilities.
Research Trends in Group Investigation Learning Model for Critical Thinking Skills in Science Learning
Authors: Solikah Anisa Ayu , Saputro Sulistyo , Yamtinah Sri , Masykuri Mohammad
Published: June 2024

The 21st-century learning needs to be applied in science learning amidst the rapid development of this era to equip students with important skills, such as critical thinking skills. One of the factors that affect the success of learning is a learning model that has unique characteristics. The Group Investigation Learning Model is a learning model that allows students to play an active role in determining their learning goals and processes, including critical thinking skills. To see the application of the Group Investigation Learning Model in improving critical thinking skills, it is necessary to carry out a literature review study using the VOSviewer. This research used the publish or publish method with the Google Scholar database and obtained 985 articles selected using certain criteria to obtain 76 relevant articles. The results of the analysis with the VOSviewer based on network, overlay, and density visualization, show that the Group Investigation Learning Model is used to improve 21st-century skills, including critical thinking skills. Further analysis shows that research on high school biology subjects that apply the Group Investigation Learning Model dominates compared to other science fields. The implications of the results of this review can be a reference for further research to implement and develop learning models to improve critical thinking skills at the elementary and junior high school levels.
Students’ Alternative Concept on the Topic of Energy in Life
Authors: Dewi Safira Permata , Saparini Saparini , Destiansari Elvira , Anjelina Ersa Lois , Setiani Liska
Published: June 2024

This research aims to get the alternative concepts of students regarding the concept of energy in life using integrative instruments. The concept of energy in life consists of two topics, photosynthesis and cellular respiration. A sample of 375 students was established using the random sampling technique. They were from 14 junior high schools in Palembang City using the stratified cluster sampling. The instrument used consists of 30 free-response. The results of this research show that students understand the concept that photosynthesis can only occur in leaves (23.70%) and takes place during the day (33%) by utilizing oxygen (25.80%) while existing sunlight functions as the lighting in the photosynthesis process (17.20%) and chlorophyll plays a role in providing coloring to plants (16.50%). On the topic of cellular respiration, students understand that cellular respiration is an activity for the formation and addition of energy in living things (30.40%) and can occur in all parts of the body of living things (31.30%). Both ordinary cellular respiration and fermentation are carried out utilizing oxygen (72.40%). The results show that the alternative concepts possessed by students are very diverse with basic concepts, even though these basic concepts have been studied at previous levels of education.
Assessment of the biological effect of combined irradiation in sheep for “safe” levels of radiation exposure
Authors:   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Sarukhanov V.Ya. , Epimakhov V.G. ,   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute»
Published: June 2024

After a ground-based nuclear explosion, a large amount of fused melted radioactive particles (MRP) is formed. Entering the body of pasture animals with food, they accumulate in the proventriculus and abomasum, irradiating them against the background of total radiation exposure in sublethal doses. Research on combined irradiation of sheep (MRP+1.6 Gy) was carried out under the guidance of Professor B.N. Annenkov in 1978 on 48 sheep irradiated at a dose of 1.6 Gy in combination with feeding sheep with ORF activity from 9.99 to 51.80 MBq/kg of live weight. One group of animals served as non-irradiated controls. In addition, the work used experimental data obtained on 10 sheep irradiated at a dose of 2 Gy. Experimental data were analyzed using mathematical statistics methods. Combined irradiation is accompanied by moderate leukopenia, increased blood viscosity and damage to the gastrointestinal tract. Changes in the gastrointestinal tract are characterized by atony of the proventriculus, pain in the area of the xiphoid cartilage (mesh) and abomasum, hemorrhages and ulcers on the mucous membranes, as well as a decrease in the consumption of feed and water, which led to loss of live weight and death of animals. A study of the dynamics of death of irradiated sheep (probit analysis) showed that the minimum values of death (1 and 5%) can be caused by the consumption of MRP + 1.6 Gy with activity from 4.07 to 6.57 MBq/kg of live weight. Similar data were obtained when analyzing the values of ruminal motility (rumination) in irradiated sheep (3.6 and 5.4 MBq/kg live weight). Therefore, the “safe” level of ORS activity can reach 6.6 MBq/kg live weight of sheep +1.6 Gy of total irradiation.
The Interplay of Nutrition, Exercise, and Dietary Intervention for Enhanced Performance of Athletes and General Well-Being of Non-Athletes: A Review
Authors: Emakpor Oghenerume Lucky , Edo Great Iruoghene , Yousif Emad , Samuel Princess Oghenekeno , Jikah Agatha Ngukuran , Zainulabdeen Khalid , Mohammed Athraa Abdulameer , Ndudi Winifred , Nwachukwu Susan Chinedu , Ugbune Ufuoma , Agbo Joy Johnson , Ainyanbhor Irene Ebosereme , Umar Huzaifa , Ekokotu Helen Avuokerie , Oghroro Ephraim Evi Alex , Akpoghelie Patrick Othuke , Owheruo Joseph Oghenewogaga , Ekpekpo Lauretta Dohwodakpo , Onyibe Priscillia Nkem , Igbukuc Ufuoma Augustina , Isojec Endurance Fegor , Essaghahk Arthur Efeoghene Athan
Published: June 2024

The optimal enhancement of athletic performance, recovery from exhaustion after exercise, and injury prevention are products of appropriate nutrition. Nutritional supplements that contain proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals are frequently utilized in various sports to complement the recommended daily amounts. Several of these supplements have been identified to have physiological effects and, thus, are known to help enhance athletic performance and prevent injuries. Our review intends to show the interplay between nutrition, exercise, and dietary intervention on the physical performance of athletic individuals and their importance for the general well-being of non-athletes. Ergogenic aids that help enhance athletic performance are also discussed.
Digitally Enabled Peer Support and Social Health Platform for Vulnerable Adults With Loneliness and Symptomatic Mental Illness: Cohort Analysis
Authors: Bravata Dena , Russell Daniel , Fellows Annette , Goldman Ron , Pace Elizabeth
Published: June 2024

This study prospectively evaluated the effects of digitally enabled peer support on mental health outcomes and estimated medical cost reductions among vulnerable adults with symptomatic depression, anxiety, and significant loneliness to address the mental health crisis in the United States.
Effects of web-based single-session growth mindset interventions for reducing adolescent anxiety: A four-armed randomised controlled trial (Preprint)
Authors: Zhu Shimin , Hu Yuxi , Qi Di , Tse Samson , Chan Ko Ling , Cheng Qijin , Sun Jessica , Lee Paul
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders worldwide. However, 65% of them do not access services. The high prevalence of anxiety and low intervention uptake indicate a pressing need to develop timely, scalable, and potent interventions suitable for adolescents.

OBJECTIVE

Adapting the existing single-session interventions (SSIs), the study further developed SSI on growth mindset about negative emotion for adolescent mental health. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of four SSIs: Single-session Intervention of Growth Mindset for Anxiety (SIGMA), SIGMA with boosters, SSI of Growth Mindset of Personality (SSI-GP) and active control (ST, support therapy), in reducing adolescent anxiety.

METHODS

Classes were randomised to one of four intervention conditions: the SIGMA, SIGMA with boosters, SSI-GP, or ST. Each intervention took approximately 45 minutes online. Participants reported anxiety symptoms (primary outcome), depressive symptoms, suicidal/self-hurting thoughts, perceived control, hopelessness, attitude toward help-seeking and psychological well-being (secondary outcomes) at pre-intervention, the 2-week and 8-week follow-up. Participants also filled out the feedback scale at post-intervention. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) was used to examine the effectiveness of the SSIs.

RESULTS

731 adolescents from seven secondary schools were randomised. The intent-to-treat analysis found a significant decrease in anxiety symptoms (the mean and 95% confidence interval(CI) at baseline: SIGMA-Booster: 6.8 [6.0, 7.6], SIGMA: 6.5 [5.8, 7.3], SSIGP: 7.0 [6.2, 7.7], ST: 6.9 [6.1, 7.7]) in two-week (the mean and 95%CI at two-week follow-up: SIGMA-Booster: 5.9 [5.1, 6.7], SIGMA: 5.7 [4.9, 6.5], SSIGP: 5.4 [4.6, 6.2], ST: 5.7 [4.9, 6.4]) and eight-week follow-ups (the mean and 95%CI at eight-week follow-up: SIGMA-Booster: 5.9 [5.1, 6.7], SIGMA: 5.3 [4.5, 6.0], SSIGP: 5.6 [4.8, 6.4], ST: 5.8 [5.1, 6.6]) in all four groups. Moderation analysis found participants with higher motivation for change and higher baseline anxiety scores and fixed mindsets had more improvements in anxiety symptoms. More than 70% of participants were positive about the feasibility and acceptability of the SSIs.

CONCLUSIONS

The single-session interventions were effective at reducing anxiety and depression among adolescents over 8 weeks. Our data revealed the potential benefits of brief web-based intervention for adolescents, which may be scalable destigmatized and cost-effective alternative to school-based programs.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05027880;
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05027880
OBESITY Medication Self-Injection Education Using “Digital Clinicians”: A Feasibility Randomised
Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Coleman Sean , Lynch Caitríona , Worlikar Hemendra , Kelly Emily , Loveys Kate , Simpkin Andrew J , Walsh Jane C , Broadbent Elizabeth , Finucane Francis M , O' Keeffe Derek
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots have shown competency in a range of areas
including clinical note taking, diagnosis, research and emotional support. An obesity epidemic,
alongside a growth in novel injectable pharmacological solutions has put a strain on limited
resources.

OBJECTIVE

This study investigates the use of an AI chatbot integrated with a digital avatar to create a
“digital clinician”. This was used to provide mandatory patient education for those beginning
semaglutide once-weekly self-administered injections for the treatment of overweight and obesity
at a national centre.

METHODS

A “Digital Clinician” with facial and vocal recognition technology was generated with a
bespoke 10-to-15-minute clinician-validated tutorial. A feasibility randomised controlled noninferiority
trial compared knowledge test scores, self-efficacy, consultation satisfaction, and trust
levels between those using the AI-powered clinician avatar and those receiving conventional
semaglutide education from nursing staff. Attitudes were recorded immediately after the
intervention and again at two-weeks after the education session.

RESULTS

43 participants were recruited, 27 to the intervention group and 16 to the control group.
Patients in the “digital clinician” group were significantly more knowledgeable post-consultation
(p<0.001) and had better feelings about their injections (p=.079). Patients in the control group were
more satisfied with their consultation (p<0.001) and had more trust in their education provider
(p<0.001). There was no significant difference in reported levels of self-efficacy. 81% of participants
said they would use the resource in their own time.

CONCLUSIONS

Bespoke AI chatbots integrated with digital avatars to create a “digital clinician” may
perform healthcare education in a clinical environment. They can ensure higher levels of knowledge
transfer yet are not as trusted as their human counterparts. “Digital clinicians” may have the
potential to aid the redistribution of resources, alleviating pressure on bariatric services and
healthcare systems. The extent to which remains to be determined in future studies.

CLINICALTRIAL

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Impact of regional metastases on prognosis of patients with thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Deineko I.V.
Published: June 2024

Background. According to many studies, the tumor size, the degree of extrathyroidal spread of the primary tumor to the organs and tissues of the neck and mediastinum, the degree of morphological differentiation of the tumor, as well as regional and distant metastasis are among the factors that worsen the prognosis of thyroid cancer treatment. The purpose is to study the regional metastasis indicators and the degree of their spread in patients with thyroid malignancies, and their influence on the prognosis of treatment depending on the spread of the primary tumor and the degree of morphological differentiation. Materials and methods. The study included 1,959 patients with a local primary tumor without invasion (group T1–3a), 171 patients with initial extrathyroidal spread of the primary tumor into the prethyroid muscles (group T3b), 132 patients with more widespread tumors, most often with the invasion into the trachea and/or larynx, internal jugular vein, esophagus, subcuta­neous fascia and tissue and skin, recurrent nerve (group T4a) and 38 patients with neglected disseminated primary tumors in the prevertebral fascia, carotid artery and/or with massive spread into the mediastinum (group T4b). Results. With the spread of the primary tumor, the number of patients with N1 regional metastases increased, along with percentage of more widespread N1b metastases in the lateral parts of the neck. Indicators of regional metastasis directly depend on the degree of spread of the primary tumor, which confirms it as the main factor affecting the prognosis of thyroid cancer treatment. In the group of non-invasive T1–3a tumors, the presence of N1 regio­nal metastases did not reliably affect the prognosis of treatment. In the group of more widespread tumors with initial T3b invasions, the presence of only widespread lateral regional N1b metastases worse­ned the prognosis. With the further spread of the primary tumor in the T4a group, the treatment prognosis worsened in patients, and equally for both N1a and N1b, in the group of neglected T4b tumors. Conclusions. The presence of regional metastases did not affect the prognosis of treatment, which was poor both in patients with and without regional metastases. Regional metastasis can be considered as a factor that worsens the treatment prognosis, but not as the main one, which remains the degree of spread of the primary tumor.
Melatonin and blood pressure: a narrative review
Authors: Serhiyenko О.О. , Sehin V.B. , Kuznets V.О. , Serhiyenko V.О.
Published: June 2024

Melatonin has several impacts on the cardiovascular system, including the potential to reduce blood pressure in addition to its role in regulating sleep. It has the ability to decrease adrenergic system activity and indirectly enhance endothelial function. Melatonin can provide antihypertensive effects by stimu­lating own receptors in the central nervous system and peripheral arteries. In addition, melatonin is a potential treatment for patients with hypertension, including the “night-peaker” category. Howe­ver, the results of only a few randomized trials suggest that melatonin supplements are effective in the treatment of hypertension. Melatonin can lower blood pressure due to vasodilatation, direct blocking of Ca2+ channels and increased production of nitric oxide in the endothelium; antioxidant properties; suppression of the sympathetic nervous system, reduction of norepinephrine production, as well as activation of the parasympathetic nervous system. Because the drug is usually taken at bedtime, it may increase the duration and quality of sleep and therefore lower blood pressure during sleep. Low endogenous melatonin secretion during sleep may be associated with elevated nocturnal blood pressure and comorbid cardiovascular diseases. In addition, melatonin exhibits an excellent safety profile. Consequently, larger-scale, longer-term studies with higher patient heterogeneity, biomarker identification, and idiosyncrasies related to melatonin use are required. The aim of this narrative review is to analyze the peculiarities of the mecha­nisms of action, as well as the effect of exogenous melatonin on blood pressure parameters in the experiment and clinic. The search was conducted in Scopus, Science Direct (from Elsevier), and PubMed, including the MEDLINE databases. The key words used were “melatonin,” “blood pressure”, “hypertension”, “obesity”, “metabolic syndrome”. We manually searched the bibliography of publications to find study results that the online search did not yield.
Implementation of Sex Education in Indonesia: A “Sine Qua Non” in Taboo
Authors: Situmorang Dominikus David Biondi
Published: June 2024

There are significant differences between the methods used in Western and Eastern culture to discuss sex. Any topic related to sex in Eastern culture, specifically Indonesia, is often considered taboo compared to Western culture. This is due to the strong cultural and religious values prevalent in Eastern societies, making discussions about sex feel impolite and inappropriate. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the importance of sex education as a “sine qua non” in Indonesia and the consequences of treating sex education as a taboo. The exploration process would examine the role of parents, teachers, counselors, psychologists, and the community in sex education, new sex education policies, along with recommendations, implications, and directions for future investigations.
What Do States Maxìmize?
Authors: Lane Jan-erik
Published: June 2024

The well-known professor John Mearsheimer answers power or security in a world characterized by anarchy. Despite his insightful analyses of the Two major wars now, his theoretical postures cannot be upheld. States in fact do not maximise anything at all.
An Exploration of MALL for Enhancing College Students’ Oral English Proficiency
Authors: Zhao Xinyue
Published: June 2024

Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) has emerged as a promising tool within language education, presenting distinctive prospects for enhancing oral proficiency. This paper starts off by analyzing the current status of oral English learning among college-level English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in China in such aspects as syllabus emphasis, classroom dynamics, examination focus, and language anxiety. It then shifts focus to MALL and its potential to enhance students’ English speaking skills, particularly in a flexible and self-paced manner. Through a synthesis of existing studies and the proposition of effective pedagogical strategies, this paper seeks to elucidate the transformative capacity of MALL in reshaping oral English learning experiences within higher education contexts. Furthermore, practical recommendations for language educators, curriculum designers, and college students are provided to adapt oral English teaching methodologies, thereby fostering a more efficient and learner-centered language learning environment.
DETERMINANTES DEL DESEMPEÑO FINANCIERO EN LAS COOPERATIVAS DE AHORRO Y CRÉDITO DE ECUADOR, 2015-2020
Authors: Valdivieso Jonathan , Guerrero Alex J.
Published: June 2024

Los mercados financieros son uno de los factores determinantes del desempeño de las empresas a través de la financiación de proyectos. Las entidades financieras se ven afectadas por la asimetría de información, así como por la evolución del contexto económico. Esto es especialmente relevante para Ecuador, un país con un sector financiero influenciado por las Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito (COACs). El contexto económico incita a las COACs a ser más conservadoras y seleccionar cuidadosamente los sectores económicos a los que se asignan los recursos. Este estudio analiza los determinantes del desempeño financiero de las COACs en Ecuador durante el periodo 2015-2020. Los resultados muestran que la rentabilidad de las COACs se ve influenciada por la intermediación financiera y la calidad de los activos (como variables internas) y por la relación tecnológica de los sectores a nivel regional.
DETERMINANTS OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN SAVINGS AND CREDIT COOPERATIVES IN ECUADOR, 2015-2020
ABSTRACT
Financial markets are considered one of the determining factors of company performance, through project financing. Financial companies are affected by asymmetry of information, as well as by the evolution of the economic context. This is especially relevant for Ecuador, a country with a financial sector influenced by Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito (COACs). The economic context encourages COACs to be more conservative and carefully select the economic sectors to which resources are allocated. This study analyses the determinants of the financial performance of the COACs of Ecuador during the period 2015-2020. The results show that the profitability of the COACs is influenced by financial intermediation and the quality of assets (as internal variables) and by the technological relatedness of the sectors at the regional level.
CONCENTRACIÓN DE LAS EXPORTACIONES MANUFACTURERAS DE MÉXICO, 2007-2022
Authors: Gómez Zaldívar Manuel , Lona Rodriguéz Edgar N. , Gómez Zaldívar Fernando
Published: June 2024

Estudiamos la concentración de las exportaciones manufactureras mexicanas mediante una metodología que la calcula a partir de dos dimensiones simultáneamente, por estado y subsector manufacturero. Estudios previos han usado métodos que estiman la concentración usando sólo una dimensión a la vez (por tipo de bienes exportados, por país de destino, etc.), por lo que nos es posible hacer una mejor descripción de la estructura exportadora del país. Los resultados revelan que la medida de concentración de las exportaciones experimenta variaciones y que ésta está inversamente relacionada con las crisis globales existentes en el periodo analizado, esto es, el país exporta una mayor diversidad de productos durante los años no asociados a crisis globales. Además: 1) identificamos las entidades federativas que más y menos contribuyen a la concentración de las exportaciones del país, discriminando entre participación y diversidad (especialización); 2) determinamos los subsectores manufactureros más importantes, entre los que destacan el 336 y 334, no solamente porque representan el 61% de las exportaciones totales, sino porque muestran gran resiliencia cuando las exportaciones totales del país disminuyen.
ON THE MEXICAN MANUFACTURING EXPORTS CONCENTRATION, 2007-2022
ABSTRACT
We study Mexican manufacturing exports concentration through a methodology that assesses it from two dimensions simultaneously, by state and manufacturing subsector. Previous studies have used methods that estimate concentration using a single dimension at a time (by type of goods exported, by destination country, etc.), so it is possible for us to make a better description of the country’s export economic structure. The results reveal that the measure of exports concentration experience variations throughout the analyzed period and that it is inversely related to the existing global crises, i.e., the country exports a greater diversity of products during the years not associated with global crises. Moreover, we identify: i) the states that contribute the most and least to the country’s exports concentration, discriminating between participation and diversity (specialization); ii) the most important manufacturing subsectors are identified, notably, 336 and 334 are prominent, not only because they represent 61% of total exports, but also because they show great resilience in the face of stagnation or decline in the country’s overall exports figures.
Boost Software Quality with Devops Practices
Authors: Patil Shubham
Published: June 2024

Abstract: DevOps, an extension of agile methods, integrates numerous principles to improve communication between development and operations teams. The fundamental goal of this research is to look at the effects of DevOps adoption on software quality, as well as to explore effective ways for improving quality effectively. An thorough literature investigation was conducted to investigate existing DevOps methods in the sector, resulting in the construction of a conceptual research model with five derived hypotheses. The study objectives were met by evaluating hypotheses with Pearson correlation and developing a linear model based on linear regression analysis. To collect quantifiable data, an online questionnaire was used, followed by interviews with DevOps and Quality Assurance professionals to determine how DevOps may improve software quality. Feedback from interviews, coupled with The hypotheses were tested using regression analysis, and suggestions were based on them. The quantitative study's findings show that adopting DevOps leads to considerable improvements in software quality, particularly when using the CAMS (Culture, Automation, Measurement, Sharing) architecture. Among the considerations, automation emerged as the most important component for improving software quality. The findings of multiple regression analysis highlight the relevance of culture, automation, measurement, and sharing in the goal of higher software quality. In conclusion, this study strongly argues for the use of DevOps to produce high-quality software. Organizations may significantly improve the overall quality of their software products by implementing the CAMS Framework and adhering to concepts such as automation.
Air Pollution Forecasting Using a Deep Learning Model Based on 1D ConvNets and Bidirectional GRU
Authors: Shrivastava Sagar
Published: June 2024

Abstract: This study presents a methodology for air pollution forecasting, aiming to improve accuracy through incorporating models for deep learning. Our goal is to create a reliable technique for forecasting air pollution concentrations. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) data undergoes exploratory data analysis. Analysis (EDA) and pre-processing before being split into training and testing sets. Two sequential models, Sequential-1 and Sequential-2, are compared, with Sequential-2 incorporating Conv1D layers alongside GRU for enhanced spatial-temporal modeling. Findings reveal that Sequential-2 consistently outperforms Sequential-1, exhibiting lower loss, mean squared error (MSE), validation loss, and validation MSE metrics. This indicates Sequential-2's superior predictive performance and generalization capability, attributed because of how well it can grasp spatial dependencies. In sum, the methodology proves that deep learning methods work well for predicting air pollution levels, offering promising avenues for accurately predicting pollutant concentrations and informing mitigation strategies for a healthier environment
Integrating Fuzzy C-Means Clustering with SVM and CNN Models for Enhanced Brain Tumor Classification in MRI Data
Authors: Maru Harsh
Published: June 2024

Abstract: This study proposes a novel method for combining fuzzy C-Means clustering (FCM) with support vector machines (SVM) models to accurately classify brain tumors in MRI data. It uses FCM for precise segmentation of MRI images, enhancing characterization of tumor regions, while SVM ensures robust classification into specific tumor categories such as meningioma, glioma, or pituitary tumor. Challenges such as parameter fine-tuning and system resilience are addressed through rigorous validation across diverse datasets. Evaluation metrics including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and the Dice coefficient provide comprehensive insights into model performance. Comparative analysis with existing methodologies underscores the efficacy of the proposed FCM-SVM integration. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models exhibit remarkable accuracy and outperform SVM in classification tasks. The combined model approach, aggregating predictions from both CNN and SVM, demonstrates promising results, leveraging the complementary strengths of each model. While CNN emerges as the superior classifier, the combined model holds potential for further accuracy enhancement. Overall, this methodology presents a significant advancement in brain tumor diagnosis and treatment planning, offering a reliable and accurate framework for clinical decision-making. By integrating FCM, SVM, and CNN, it paves leading to better medical imaging and tailored healthcare interventions for brain tumor diagnosis and classification.
Environmental Sustainability in Gated Communities
Authors: Safiuddin Mohammed
Published: June 2024

Abstract: Gated communities are residential areas with restricted access in which normally public spaces privatized. They are security developments with designated perimeters, usually walls or fences, and controlled entrances that are intended to prevent penetration by non-residents. They include new developments and older areas retrofitted with gates and fences, and they are found from the inner cities to the exurbs and from the richest neighborhood to the poorest. Many gated communities are being developed all over the world for providing housing facilities which often presents a unsustainable trends of security oriented urbanism. This project is an attempt to plan and design the layout according to building by laws and regulations of the governing authorities. In this project, we consider area which is located at Rajendra nagar to plan and design a layout, we designed the existing layout as a gated community by providing all facilities such as Drainage design, Overhead tank, Providing of Amenities such as open space, playschool for children, swimming pool, commercial facilities, play ground ,water Harvesting and a water treatment plant
Latency-Optimized Language Model Inference in Edge Computing Environments
Authors: Totlani Ketan
Published: June 2024

Abstract: Latency optimization is crucial for deploying large language models (LLMs) in edge computing environments, where real-time processing is often required for applications such as autonomous driving, smart healthcare, and industrial automation. This paper presents a comprehensive approach to minimizing inference latency for language models on edge devices. We explore various model compression techniques, including edge caching, model partitioning, task allocation, and lightweight model deployment, alongside advanced containerization and orchestration strategies. Our methodology involves an integrated edge computing platform that dynamically adapts data placement and function orchestration to reduce end-to-end latency. Experimental results demonstrate significant latency reductions and efficient resource utilization compared to traditional approaches. These findings underscore the potential of edge computing to support latency-sensitive applications by leveraging optimized LLM inference.