bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elephants, rainbows, flowers and bees: Interdisciplinary research driven by botanic garden collections
Authors: Glover Beverley J.
Published: August 2022

Societal Impact Statement

From its beginning in 1846, Cambridge University Botanic Garden was conceived of as a plant science research and teaching facility. It has supported major advances in biology, including understanding of evolution and genetics. It promotes outreach to the public and students, explaining to all the importance of plants for life on Earth. It is part of a global network of botanic gardens and similar institutions dedicated to plant conservation and knowledge exchange. Perhaps most importantly, it celebrates the life‐enhancing beauty of plants in all their diversity.

Cambridge University Botanic Garden was established on its current site in 1846 by Charles Darwin's mentor, John Stevens Henslow. Many of Henslow's plantings and herbarium specimens still exist. William Bateson, who was one of the rediscoverers of Mendel's laws of inheritance and who coined the term ‘genetics’, worked at the Garden at the dawn of the last century. The attractive landscape is visited by 330,000 members of the public annually, and as originally intended by Henslow, it is an important resource for botanical teaching and research by the University and its collaborators. The Garden's collection comprises about 8000 plant species, 14,000 accessions, nine national collections and a diverse 2000 tree arboretum. Detailed analyses have revealed that, while most of the accessions are also held by other botanic gardens worldwide, several hundred are unique to Cambridge. As well as studies on fundamental principles of biology, the Garden's collection underpins research on global food security and applications in diverse fields such as engineering. As an example of research exploiting the Garden's range of floral forms, analyses of the visual factors determining the interaction between flowers and pollinating insects are described. Bee foraging behaviour may be altered by experimentally manipulating the structural and developmental bases of petal iridescence. The phylogenetic distribution of petal iridescence is consistent with the trait having evolved independently several times in the angiosperms.
Proteomic and lipidomic biomarkers in the diagnosis and progression of inflammatory bowel disease – a review
Authors: Cecerska‐Heryć Elżbieta , Ronkowski Bartosz , Heryć Rafał , Serwin Natalia , Grygorcewicz Bartłomiej , Roszak Marta , Galant Katarzyna , Dołęgowska Barbara
Published: August 2022

Purpose

There is an increasing prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to date, no effective treatment has been developed and the exact etiology of this disease remains unknown. Nevertheless, a growing number of proteomic and lipidomic studies have identified certain proteins and lipids which can be used successfully in patients to improve diagnoses and monitoring of treatment.

Experimental Design

We have focused on the applications of proteins and lipids for IBD diagnostics, including differentiation of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), treatment monitoring, monitoring of clinical state, likelihood of relapse, and their potential for novel targeted treatments.

Results

Analysis of protein and lipid profiles can: improve the availability and use of diagnostic markers; improve understanding of the pathomechanisms of IBD, for example, several studies have implicated platelet dysfunction (PF4), autoimmune responses (granzyme B, perforin), and abnormal metabolism (arachidonic acid pathways); aid in monitoring patient health; and improve therapeutics (experimental phosphatidylcholine therapy has been shown to result in an improvement in intestinal condition).

Conclusions

Despite the enormous progress of proteomics and lipidomics in recent years and the development of new technologies, further research is needed to select some of the most sensitive and specific markers applicable in diagnosing and treating IBD.
Microstructure Analysis, Optical, and Electrical Transport Properties of NiAl2O4/Al2O3 Nanocomposite Powder
Authors: Dhara Arup , Sain Sumanta , Ray Apurba , Das Sachindranath , Kumar Pradhan Swapan
Published: August 2022

The microstructure characterization, optical properties, electrical transport, and dielectric properties of the thermally stable NiAl2O4/Al2O3 nanocomposite powder sample synthesized by the mechanochemical‐assisted solid‐state reaction from the equimolar mixture of NiO and Al2O3 powders are reported. Rietveld refinement, selected‐area electron diffraction pattern, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectrum analyses confirm the formation of a NiAl2O4 spinel phase with a minor Al2O3 phase in the as‐synthesized powder. Transmission electron microscope images reveal the particle size of the powder sample, ≈26 nm. Raman spectrum reveals the presence of NiAl2O4 normal spinel as a major phase in the sample. The temperature and frequency dependence of the dielectric constants of the NiAl2O4/Al2O3 nanocomposite are explained by Koop's phenomenological theory. The electric modulus approach is used to analyze the electrical transport and dielectric relaxation of NiAl2O4/Al2O3 at different temperatures. The electric modulus plot with elevated temperature shows a dielectric loss peak and reflects interesting information on the grains and grain boundaries of the material with varying temperatures.
Effects of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) on factors related to metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trial
Authors: Geng Yaping , Wang Jing , Chen Ke , Li Qianwen , Ping Zhiguang , Xue Ran , Zhang Shenshen
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this meta‐analysis is to explore whether the supplement of sea buckthorn affects the factors related to metabolic syndrome. The related RCTs from five databases were systematically searched and comprehensively random effects model was used to calculate SMD and 95% CI. The Cochrane deviation risk tool was used to evaluate the deviation risk. Fifteen studies were involved in the meta‐analysis. First, sea buckthorn supplementation reduced triglycerides [−0.722 (−1.129, −0.316); p < .001], total cholesterol [−0.345 (−0.639, −0.051); p = .021], low density lipoprotein cholesterol [−0.396 (−0.755, −0.037); p = .031], and increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol [0.370 (0.056, 0.684); p = .021] in overall subjects. Second, subgroup analysis showed that sea buckthorn supplementation reduced lipids only in people with abnormal lipid metabolism. Third, sea buckthorn had no effect on blood sugar, blood pressure, and BMI of the overall subjects. Sea buckthorn may affect the lipid metabolism in circulation, but it cannot affect blood glucose, blood pressure, and BMI. These indicators are closely associated with metabolic syndrome. This study may contribute to the development and utilization of sea buckthorn, and may provide a new and safer way for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. The limitation of this study is high heterogeneity, even if subgroup analysis is used. However, more clinical studies are needed to determine the real effect of sea buckthorn on metabolic syndrome.
Dynamic modeling of the Italians' attitude towards Covid‐19
Authors: Aliverti Emanuele , Russo Massimiliano
Published: August 2022

We analyze repeated cross‐sectional survey data collected by the Institute of Global Health Innovation, to characterize the perception and behavior of the Italian population during the Covid‐19 pandemic, focusing on the period that spans from April 2020 to July 2021. To accomplish this goal, we propose a Bayesian dynamic latent‐class regression model, that accounts for the effect of sampling bias including survey weights into the likelihood function. According to the proposed approach, attitudes towards covid‐19 are described via ideal behaviors that are fixed over time, corresponding to different degrees of compliance with spread‐preventive measures. The overall tendency toward a specific profile dynamically changes across survey waves via a latent Gaussian process regression, that adjusts for subject‐specific covariates. We illustrate the evolution of Italians' behaviors during the pandemic, providing insights on how the proportion of ideal behaviors has varied during the phases of the lockdown, while measuring the effect of age, sex, region and employment of the respondents on the attitude toward covid‐19.
Case study: Observing the World Music School Helsinki as a social ecological system to enhance community connectivity and resilience
Authors: Chen Jian , Nousala Susu , Landa Timothee , Aibéo Pedro
Published: August 2022

The World Music School community is a Non‐Government Organisation (NGO) that teaches music and organises events internationally around dance and music activities. This case study investigates community connectivity and resilience development in the World Music School (WMS) Helsinki community of practice and the Shanghai WMS community of interest. Using a social ecological system approach, the community structures and relationships were explored and supported by the literature. In particular, the research focused on the feedback loops at different levels within each community structure. The WMS core activities are viewed as inclusive and human connectivity enhancers. Focusing on human connectivity, the research investigated the ‘what’ and ‘why’ of the NGO's involvement in building its community structure as it revealed what is essential for community resilience. This research discusses how connections between shocks and disturbances within the community systems were identified and the various outcomes when identifying and approaching acute weakness within the community structures. This case study examines how the WMS communities enhance community resilience across a complex social system starting at the individual level and then extending to physically close environmental relationships. These complex community structures provided a lens to focus on identifying the initial stages for resilient community connectivity. Observing these connections provided a basis for developing a synthesised model based on discussions in previous literature reviews. The processes involved with the model development included the critical roles, impacts and evolution of the World Music School community. This article argues that systemic change can happen when small but fundamental changes are longitudinally obtained through bottom‐up approaches. The WMS communities have displayed the potential to make a difference towards connectivity and subsequent community resilience, beginning with the individual and extending to the overall social ecological system level.
Effect of CaF2 Contents in Slag on Inclusion Absorption in a Bearing Steel
Authors: Wen Xin , Ren Ying , Zhang Lifeng
Published: August 2022

In the current study, laboratory experiments of the slag‐steel reaction are performed to investigate the effect of CaF2 contents in the refining slag on the inclusion absorption of the bearing steel. The increase of the CaO/Al2O3 ratio effectively enhances the absorption of inclusions by slag. The increase of the CaO/Al2O3 ratio enhances the driving force of the inclusion dissolution and lowers the slag viscosity. It is noted that the excessive CaO/Al2O3 ratio led to the formation of solid phases in the slag, lowering the absorption effect of slag. The appropriate addition of CaF2 in the slag is helpful to remove inclusions while aggravating the corrosion of MgO crucibles. The addition of CaF2 mainly reduces the viscosity and melting temperature of slag. The inclusion removal factor is proposed to effectively evaluate the inclusion removal rate in steel during slag steel reaction. As a result, the most recommended composition of slags is 7% CaF2; the CaO/Al2O3 ratio is 2.0.
Effectiveness of Using Low‐Strength‐Grade Filler Wires for 800 MPa Grade Ultra‐High‐Strength Steels Laser Beam Welds
Authors: Lee Yoona , Park Sanghyeon , Choi Myeonghwan , Park Jooil , Han Haksoo , Lee Kwanghyeon , Kang Namhyun
Published: August 2022

To match the strength of ultra‐high‐strength steel (850 MPa) during laser beam welding (LBW), various filler wires having under‐matching (520–640 MPa) and comparable‐matching (890 MPa) strength grades are used. All‐weld metals with no filler or fillers comprise low‐temperature transformation microstructures such as martensite and bainite, while the base metal (BM) comprises bainite, ferrite, and pearlite. All tensile fractures occur in the BM having the lowest hardness as compared to weld metal and heat‐affected zone. Therefore, the hardness and tensile properties of LBW exhibit insignificant variation regardless of the use of filler and their strength grades. This is because the cooling rate of LBW is fast, where a large dilution of the BM with high hardenability and a small deposition of the under‐matching filler occur at zero gap butt joints. To examine these LBW characteristics, the microstructural and hardness behaviors are successfully discussed through simulation of a continuous‐cooling transformation diagram using JMatPro software and cooling rate T9/3 using Rosenthal's two‐dimensional solution. To obtain the effect of lowering weld metal strength in LBW, it is necessary to increase more deposition of under‐matching filler by creating a gap between BMs, and/or to develop a filler of lower hardenability suitable for LBW.
Flatness Defect Recognition Method of Cold Rolling Strip with a New Stacked Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Xu Yanghuan , Wang Dongcheng , Liu Hongmin , Duan Bowei , Yu Huaxin
Published: August 2022

Accurate and rapid recognition of flatness defects is important to produce high‐quality cold rolling strips. First, this study collects the flatness defect images and creates the first image dataset of flatness defect (YSU_CFC_1) according to its characteristics. Then, a flatness defect recognition model of the cold rolling strip with a new stacked generative adversarial network is proposed; it is trained through a recurrent strategy. The generators in this recognition model can generate more real and various fake image samples of flatness defects according to categories. The classifier is used to classify flatness defect images. The recognition results of this model are compared with recognition models established by four convolution neural networks. Results show that the accuracy of this model is the highest, and the accuracy reaches 98.625%, the recognition accuracy of single type defects is ≥95%, and the average recognition time of a single defect image is 24.13 ms, which meets the engineering requirements. Finally, the classification and recognition mechanism of this model is interpretably analyzed, the causes of the recognition error are explored, and the direction of further optimization is provided. The results of this research provide new methods and ideas for the sophisticated detection of flatness defects.
The impact of training on communication quality during interpreter‐mediated cognitive assessments: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Brijnath Bianca , Gonzalez Erika , Hlavac Jim , Enticott Joanne , Woodward‐Kron Robyn , LoGiudice Dina , Low Lee‐Fay , Antoniades Josefine , White Jenni , Hwang Kerry , Lin Xiaoping , Gilbert Andrew Simon
Published: August 2022

Introduction

The number of Australian residents with dementia is projected to double by 2058, with 28% currently being migrants from non‐Anglophone countries. There will be growing demand for professional interpreters for cognitive assessments and dementia‐related health consultations in the future. Interpreting cognitive assessments can be challenging for interpreters; inaccurate interpreting can influence assessment outcomes. The Improving Interpreting for Dementia Assessments (MINDSET) project will upskill interpreters through an online training course in dementia and cognitive assessments. The training has been co‐designed with key stakeholders from the interpreting sector, dementia‐related services, and family caregivers, and has been user‐tested with 12 interpreters. The training aims to improve the quality of interpreter‐mediated communication during cognitive assessments, and thereby improve the accuracy and acceptability of cognitive assessments with older people who have limited English proficiency.

Methods

We are conducting a single‐blinded randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of the training. We aim to enroll 150 interpreters, and allocate them to equal parallel groups. The intervention group will receive access to the MINDSET training, which comprises 4 hours of resources covering five domains: dementia knowledge, cross‐cultural communication, briefings and debriefings, interpreting skills, and interpreting ethics. The control group will be assigned to a wait list, and will receive access to the training after the trial. Participants will be assessed according to the five domains, via the Dementia Knowledge and Assessment Scale, multiple‐choice questions, video‐simulated assessments, and ethical scenarios. Assessments will occur at baseline (prior to the intervention group completing the training), 3 months after enrollment, and 6 months after enrollment.

Results

The trial is ongoing. Recruitment began in June 2022.

Discussion

This is the first time a training resource for interpreters in dementia has been trialed. If successful it may represent a technologically innovative way to offer training to both trainee and practicing interpreters.

Highlights

Interpreters are crucial in facilitating cognitive assessments for allophone speakers.

Interpreters would benefit from training to improve assessment accuracy.

Our study has co‐designed specialized dementia training for interpreters.

This is a protocol to evaluate the training's efficacy in a randomized controlled trial.
Clear cell variant mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary gland in a grey wolf (Canis lupus)
Authors: Yang Myeon‐Sik , Yun Hyejin , Lee Ki Chang , Lim Chae Woong , Kim Bumseok
Published: August 2022

A 14‐year‐old male grey wolf (Canis lupus) with a history of severe facial swelling was submitted for necropsy. Clinical and radiological examination demonstrated an expansile neoplastic mass in the nasal and frontal sinuses. On necropsy, an amorphous neoplastic mass and extensive necrosis were observed in the nasal turbinate. Microscopic examination revealed a tumour principally composed of obvious clear tumour cells characterised by small hyperchromatic nuclei and abundant clear cytoplasm. These clear cells were positive for mucin with PAS, PAS‐D reaction, and alcian blue (pH 2.5) staining, but negative for PTAH staining. Immunohistochemically, some of tumour cells were strongly positive for mesenchymal cells (vimentin), whereas they were negative for myoepithelial antigen (alpha‐SMA) and cytokeratin. Based on the histopathological and immunohistochemical features, the present case was diagnosed as high‐grade clear cell variant mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). This is the first description of clear cell variant MEC in a wolf.
Soil water isotherm model for particle surface sorption and interlamellar sorption
Authors: Wang Yijie , Hu Liming , Luo Shengmin , Lu Ning
Published: August 2022

Soil–water retention curve (SWRC) describes the relationship between soil matric potential and soil water content, which is recognized as the most important constitutive function for unsaturated soil that governs many hydrological and mechanical properties, such as fluid flow, hydraulic conductivity, chemical transport, and soil freezing and thawing, etc. Soil–water isotherm (SWI) measured from vapor adsorption technique captures the SWRC at medium to high matric potential range, where three physical mechanisms of soil–water retention (SWR) with distinct free energy levels are involved: adsorption on external particle surface, adsorption in interlamellar space, and capillarity. So far, there is not a single SWI model that can take all three mechanisms into full consideration in full matric potential range. Here a closed‐form SWI model is formulated as the mathematical sum of three independent SWIs, which are external sorptive SWI, internal sorptive SWI, and capillary SWI; each corresponds to one of the aforementioned SWR processes. The generality and effectiveness of the proposed model are experimentally validated through a suite of 21 soils, covering all common soil types with plasticity index (PI) of 4–132. The proposed SWI model shows excellent performance as it nearly perfectly (R2 > 0.99) fits both the adsorption isotherm and the desorption isotherm for each soil, validating the generality of the model. The external specific surface area (SSA) obtained from the external sorptive SWI correlates well with that determined from the classic Brunauer–Emmett–Teller equation, while the internal SSA obtained from the internal sorptive SWI also coincides with that measured independently; both further confirm the capability of the proposed SWI model to distinguish between external surface adsorption and interlamellar adsorption.
INCREASED SUPEROXIDE RADICALS GENERATION FROM ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES IN IMMATURE GUINEA‐PIGS
Authors: Kato Masahiko , Tokuyama Kenichi , Minakami Hisanori , Nagai Akira , Kozawa Kunihisa , Goto Hideo , Morikawa Akihiro , Kimura Hirokazu
Published: August 2022

To study the effect of maturation on abilities of superoxide radicals (O−2) generation in the airways, we compared stimuli‐induced O−2 generation by alveolar macrophages in immature (aged 10±2 days) and adult (aged 90±2 days) guinea‐pigs. The production of O−2 was assayed by chemiluminescence method, using aCypridina luciferin analog as a highly sensitive and specific probe for O−2. Whereas no significant difference in cell components of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was observed between immature and adult animals, O−2 generation induced by stimulation of alveolar macrophages was greater in immature than in adult animals, with significant differences observed after platelet‐activating factor (100nM) or phorbol myristate acetate (0.5μg/ml). The results suggest that alveolar macrophages from immature animals are far more potent O−2 generators than the same cells of adult animals.
ENDOCYTOSIS OF apoE‐EGFP BY PRIMARY HUMAN BRAIN CULTURES
Authors: Dekroon Robert M. , Armati Patricia J.
Published: August 2022

Apolipoprotein E (apoE), a well characterized protein, forms lipoprotein complexes with cholesterol. Such complexes formed are endocytosed via the LDL receptor family by many cell types in particular within the human central nervous system (CNS). The apoE‐endocytic pathway leads to apoE degradation. However, it has recently been indirectly shown that apoE can be retained intracellularly and then re‐secreted. To investigate the fate of endocytosed apoE isoforms E2 and E3 within human CNS cells in real‐time, we added the CNS form of these apoE isoforms, linked to a green fluorescent protein (EGFP), to cultured human foetal brain tissue. There was bi‐directional trafficking of apoE‐EGFP in neuron and astrocyte processes and ‘stationary’ perinuclear vesicles in type‐I astrocytes. Thus, active apoE recycling in cells with defined processes suggests a role for apoE in mediating signalling through receptor‐mediated endocytosis.
CENTROSOME‐DEPENDENT ANISOTROPIC RANDOM WALK OF CYTOPLASMIC VESICLES
Authors: Maly Ivan V. , Vorobjev Ivan A.
Published: August 2022

We approach the problem of an apparently random movement of small cytoplasmic vesicles and its relationship to centrosome functioning. Motion of small vesicles in the cytoplasm of BSC‐1 cells was quantified using computer‐assisted microscopy. The vesicles move across the cytoplasm frequently changing their directions with negligible net displacement. The autocorrelation function for consecutive velocities of individual vesicles becomes indistinguishable from zero in 10s. Variance in the displacement is proportional to time. The motion of vesicles is anisotropic: It has diffusivity along the radii drawn from the centrosome several times higher than the tangential diffusivity. This anisotropy is abolished by ultraviolet microbeam irradiation of the centrosome when the microtubule array loses radial structure. We conclude that the motion of the vesicles in the cytoplasm can be described as diffusion‐like random walk with centrosome‐dependent anisotropy. The present analysis quantitatively corroborates the ‘trial and error’ model of vesicular transport.
Introduction
Authors: Garrido-Cumbrera Marco , Navarro-Compán Victoria , Bundy Christine , Mahapatra Raj , Makri Souzi ,   Universidad de Sevilla, Plazuelo-Ramos Pedro , Poddubnyy Denis
Published: August 2022

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), a chronic inflammatory condition that encompasses radiographic (also known as ankylosing spondylitis [AS]) and non-radiographic (nr-axSpA) forms of the disease (Rudwaleit et al. Ann Rheum Dis 68:777–783, 2009), can lead to chronic pain, structural damage, and disability. While understanding of the pathophysiology of axSpA and its management (classification, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment) has increased over recent years (Sieper and Poddubnyy Lancet (london, England). 390:73–84, 2017), still relatively little is known about the disease from the perspective of the patient.
Physical Health
Authors: Garrido-Cumbrera Marco , Navarro-Compán Victoria , Bundy Christine , Mahapatra Raj , Makri Souzi ,   Universidad de Sevilla, Plazuelo-Ramos Pedro , Poddubnyy Denis
Published: August 2022

In this chapter, the physical health of European IMAS participants is examined, including disease activity, spinal stiffness, inflammation, and comorbidities.
Social Support
Authors: Garrido-Cumbrera Marco , Navarro-Compán Victoria , Bundy Christine , Mahapatra Raj , Makri Souzi ,   Universidad de Sevilla, Plazuelo-Ramos Pedro , Poddubnyy Denis
Published: August 2022

The key symptoms of axSpA such as pain, fatigue, and stiffness can combine to have a profound impact on a patient’s ability to maintain a healthy social life.
Healthcare
Authors: Garrido-Cumbrera Marco , Navarro-Compán Victoria , Bundy Christine , Mahapatra Raj , Makri Souzi ,   Universidad de Sevilla, Plazuelo-Ramos Pedro , Poddubnyy Denis
Published: August 2022

axSpA has a considerable impact on healthcare systems, both in terms of absolute monetary costs and healthcare resource utilization (Heijde et al. Ann Rheum Dis 76:978–991, 2017; Harvard S, Guh D, Bansback N, et al. Costs of early spondyloarthritis: estimates from the first 3 years of the DESIR cohort. RMD Open. 2016;2:e000230.).
Four Phases of South China Sea Disputes 1990–2020
Authors: Koga Kei
Published: August 2022

This chapter chronologically explores the strategic trend of the SCS situation from 1990 to 2020 over four phases: 1990–2002, 2003–2012, 2013–2016, and 2017–2020. The main purpose of this chapter is to understand the timing of changes in the subregional power configuration in the South China Sea in a more nuanced way. Of course, environmental changes are not the sole determinant of institutional strategy shifts among regional security institutions. However, without understanding the subregional trends in the context of China’s increasing military and economic capabilities, it becomes difficult to clarify the responses or non-responses of ASEAN and ASEAN-led institutions to the changing environment.
Glyceride composition of fats and oils determined by oxidation and crystallization methods
Authors: Luddy Francis E. , Fertsch George R. , Riemenschneider Roy W.
Published: August 2022

The glyceride composition of four dissimilar fats and oils was determined by two independent methods a) systematic fractional crystallization from acetone, and b) Kartha’s modification of Hilditch’s acetone permanganate oxidation method. Results by the two methods were in fair agreement for lard, chicken fat, and cottonseed oil but not for palm oil.

Calculations were also made of glyceride distribution according to the patterns of random and restricted (Kartha’s hypothesis) distribution. The values calculated for either pattern however did not agree well with those obtained experimentally by either method, except for one of the four fats, chicken fat.
Phase relations pertaining to the solvent winterization of crude peanut oil in 85–15 Acetone‐hexane mixture
Authors: Boucher Richard E. , Skau Evald L.
Published: August 2022

Fundamental phase relation data have been obtained on a laboratory scale which show that solvent winterization of crude peanut oil is feasible in a solvent consisting of 85 parts by weight of acetone and 15 parts of commercial hexane. The results show the effect of oil‐solvent ratio, chilling temperature, and holding‐time upon the percentage of solid removed. The behavior of crude peanut oil is very similar to that of the refined oil in the same solvent except that a slightly lower chilling temperature is required and that the crystals tend to form a little more slowly and do not settle out as readily. The advantage of winterizing hexane‐extracted peanut oils before refining is discussed.
High prevalence of meniscal ramp lesions in anterior cruciate ligament injuries
Authors: Cristiani Riccardo , van de Bunt Fabian , Kvist Joanna , Stålman Anders
Published: August 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the prevalence of and factors associated with meniscal ramp lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries.

Methods

Data from the Natural Corollaries and Recovery after ACL injury multicentre longitudinal cohort study (NACOX) were analysed. Only patients who underwent MRI were included in this study. All MRI scans were reviewed by an orthopaedic knee surgeon and a musculoskeletal radiologist. The patients were divided into two groups, those with and without ramp lesions according to MRI findings. Univariable and stepwise forward multiple logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate patient characteristics (age, gender, body mass index, pre-injury Tegner activity level, activity at injury) and concomitant injuries on MRI (lateral meniscus, medial collateral ligament [MCL], isolated deep MCL, lateral collateral ligament, pivot-shift-type bone bruising, posteromedial tibial [PMT] bone bruising, medial femoral condyle bone bruising, lateral femoral condyle [LFC] impaction and a Segond fracture) associated with the presence of meniscal ramp lesions.

Results

A total of 253 patients (52.2% males) with a mean age of 25.4 ± 7.1 years were included. The overall prevalence of meniscal ramp lesions was 39.5% (100/253). Univariate analyses showed that contact sports at ACL injury, pivot-shift-type bone bruising, PMT bone bruising, LFC impaction and the presence of a Segond fracture increased the odds of having a meniscal ramp lesion. Stepwise forward multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of a meniscal ramp lesion was associated with contact sports at ACL injury [odds ratio (OR) 2.50; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.32–4.72; P = 0.005], pivot-shift-type bone bruising (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.01–1.67; P = 0.04), PMT bone bruising (OR 4.62; 95% CI 2.61–8.19; P < 0.001) and the presence of a Segond fracture (OR 4.38; 95% CI 1.40–13.68; P = 0.001).

Conclusion

The overall prevalence of meniscal ramp lesions in patients with ACL injuries was high (39.5%). Contact sports at ACL injury, pivot-shift-type bone bruising, PMT bone bruising and the presence of a Segond fracture on MRI were associated with meniscal ramp lesions. Given their high prevalence, meniscal ramp lesions should be systematically searched for on MRI in patients with ACL injuries. Knowledge of the factors associated with meniscal ramp lesions may facilitate their diagnosis, raising surgeons’ and radiologists’ suspicion of these tears.

Level of evidence

III.
Ultrasound-Assisted Liposuction (UAL) Arm Contouring in Non-Post-Bariatric Patients: No Rush for Brachioplasty
Authors: El-Fahar Mohammed Hassan , El-Gharbawi Ahmed Hassan
Published: August 2022

Background

A witnessed rise in patients’ requests for arm contouring reflects the parallel public’s pursuit of slimmed bodies and rapid advancement in weight reduction methods. Brachioplasty with its known complications is still the traditional method of management, but nearly all patients feel worried about the length and appearance of the scar and seek other non-excisional alternatives. The authors wanted to share their experience in arm contouring in non-post-bariatric patients using ultrasound-assisted liposuction (UAL).

Patients and Methods

Over 16 month period, 28 female patients complaining of arm lipodystrophy (classes IIA, IIB, III) underwent UAL contouring under general anesthesia. Preoperative and postoperative mid-arm circumferences were measured and recorded. Outcome evaluation was done by the complication incidence, patient satisfaction survey, and independent surgeon evaluation of patients' photographs.

Results

There were no complications in the study group. The outcome evaluation survey has shown high patient satisfaction. The outcome survey demonstrated that 85.71% of the patients were very satisfied, while 14.29 % were satisfied with the procedure and all of them recommend the procedure to others. On the other hand, the independent surgeon evaluation showed that 92.86% of the results were excellent and 7.14 % were very good.

Conclusion

Our work has shown how versatile is the UAL in contouring a wide spectrum of arm lipodystrophy stages in non-post-bariatric patients and presents a non-excisional alternative for arm aesthetic refinements without a rush for brachioplasty with its unpleasant complications.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Exploring the impact of urogenital organ displacement after abdominoperineal resection on urinary and sexual function
Authors: Sharabiany Sarah , Kreisel Saskia I. , Strijk Gaby J. , Blok Robin D. , Bosschieter Judith , Laan Ellen T. M. , Cunningham Christopher , Hompes Roel , Musters Gijsbert D. , Tanis Pieter J.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to establish the functional impact of displacement of urogenital organs after abdominoperineal resection (APR) using validated questionnaires.

Methods

Patients who underwent APR for primary or recurrent rectal cancer (2001–2018) with evaluable pre- and postoperative radiological imaging and completed urinary (UDI-6, IIQ-7) and sexual questionnaires (male, IIEF; female, FSFI, FSDS-R) were included from 16 centers. Absolute displacement of the internal urethral orifice, posterior bladder wall, distal end of the prostatic urethra, and cervix were correlated to urogenital function by calculating Spearman’s Rho (ρ). Median function scores were compared between minimal or substantial displacement using median split.

Results

There were 89 male and 36 female patients included, of whom 45 and 19 were sexually active after surgery. Absolute displacement of the internal urethral orifice and posterior bladder wall was not correlated with UDI-6 in men (ρ = 0.119 and ρ = 0.022) nor in women (ρ =  − 0.098 and ρ =  − 0.154). In men with minimal and substantial displacement of the internal urethral orifice, median UDI-6 scores were 10 (IQR 0–22) and 17 (IQR 5–21), respectively, with corresponding scores of 25 (IQR 10–46) and 21 (IQR 16–36) in women. Displacement of the cervix and FSDS-R were correlated (ρ = 0.433) in sexually active patients.

Conclusion

This first analysis on functional impact of urogenital organ displacement after APR suggests that more displacement of the cervix might be associated with worse sexual function, while the data does not indicate any potential functional impact of bladder displacement. Studies are needed to further explore this underexposed topic.
Historic Spatial Patterns of Storm-Driven Compound Events in UK Estuaries
Authors: Lyddon C. , Robins P. , Lewis M. , Barkwith A. , Vasilopoulos G. , Haigh I. , Coulthard T.
Published: August 2022

Compound estuarine flooding is driven by extreme sea-levels and river discharge occurring concurrently, or in close succession, and threatens low-lying coastal regions worldwide. We hypothesise that these drivers of flooding rarely occur independently and co-operate at sub-daily timescales. This research aimed to identify regions and individual estuaries within Britain susceptible to storm-driven compound events, using 27 tide gauges linked to 126 river gauges covering a 30-year record. Five methods were evaluated, based on daily mean, daily maximum, and instantaneous 15-min discharge data to identify extremes in the river records, with corresponding skew surges identified within a ‘storm window’ based on average hydrograph duration. The durations, relative timings, and overlap of these extreme events were also calculated. Dependence between extreme skew surge and river discharge in Britain displayed a clear east–west split, with gauges on the west coast showing stronger correlations up to 0.33. Interpreting dependence based on correlation alone can be misleading and should be considered alongside number of historic extreme events. The analyses identified 46 gauges, notably the Rivers Lune and Orchy, where there has been the greatest chance and most occurrences of river-sea extremes coinciding, and where these events readily overlapped one another. Our results were sensitive to the analysis method used. Most notably, daily mean discharge underestimated peaks in the record and did not accurately capture likelihood of compound events in 68% of estuaries. This has implications for future flood risk in Britain, whereby studies should capture sub-daily timescale and concurrent sea-fluvial climatology to support long-term flood management plans.
Real Fakes: The Epistemology of Online Misinformation
Authors: Harris Keith Raymond
Published: August 2022

Many of our beliefs are acquired online. Online epistemic environments are replete with fake news, fake science, fake photographs and videos, and fake people in the form of trolls and social bots. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the threat that such online fakes pose to the acquisition of knowledge. I argue that fakes can interfere with one or more of the truth, belief, and warrant conditions on knowledge. I devote most of my attention to the effects of online fakes on satisfaction of the warrant condition, as these have received comparatively little attention. I consider three accounts of the conditions under which fakes compromise the warrant condition. I argue for the third of these accounts, according to which the propensity of fakes to exist in an environment threatens warrant acquisition in that environment. Finally, I consider some limitations on the epistemic threat of fakes and suggest some strategies by which this threat can be mitigated.
Alternative Finanzierung der erneuerbaren Energien: Experimentelle Evidenz für Deutschland
Authors: Eßer Jana , Frondel Manuel , Sommer Stephan
Published: August 2022

Die jüngste Verschärfung der nationalen Klimaschutzziele erfordert die Ergreifung zusätzlicher umwelt- und klimapolitischer Maßnahmen sowie eventuelle Nachbesserungen bei den bestehenden Maßnahmen, etwa einen beschleunigten Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien. Dies führt unweigerlich zu höheren Lasten für die Bürgerinnen und Bürger. Damit einher gehen zahlreiche Fragen, etwa zu deren Präferenzen und Gerechtigkeitsvorstellungen bezüglich dieser Maßnahmen. Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen wurde im Juni 2021 eine Erhebung unter rund 8000 Mitgliedern des forsa-Haushaltspanels durchgeführt. Die Erhebung beinhaltete ein randomisiertes Kontrollexperiment, um herauszufinden, welche von zwei Finanzierungsalternativen die Befragten beim Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien bevorzugen: die Finanzierung über die Stromrechnung oder durch den Staat, der dazu auf Steuereinnahmen zurückgreift. Das zentrale Ergebnis bezüglich der beiden zur Wahl gestellten Finanzierungsalternativen lautet: Die große Mehrheit der Befragten votiert dafür, dass der Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien aus Steuermitteln des Staates finanziert wird. So halten 69,7 % der Befragten der Kontrollgruppe eine Finanzierung durch den Staat für die gerechtere Alternative. Mit der Abschaffung der EEG-Umlage zum 1. Juli 2022 und der gänzlichen Finanzierung der Kosten der Förderung der Erneuerbaren aus Steuermitteln hat die Politik den Präferenzen der Mehrheit der Befragten entsprochen. Allerdings konterkarieren die insbesondere aufgrund der explodierenden Erdgaspreise stark gestiegenen Stromerzeugungskosten die dämpfenden Effekte der Abschaffung der EEG-Umlage. Dadurch steigen die Strompreise für die Verbraucher aktuell massiv an, um 50 % und mehr gegenüber dem Jahr 2021. Deshalb sollte die Politik weitere Maßnahmen ergreifen, um die privaten Haushalte beim Strompreis substantiell zu entlasten, nicht zuletzt durch die Senkung der Stromsteuer auf den EU-Mindestsatz. Andernfalls könnten die stark gestiegenen Strompreise in Kombination mit den mit der Zeit wachsenden Belastungen durch die neu eingeführte CO2-Bepreisung fossiler Brenn- und Kraftstoffe eine hohe soziale Sprengkraft entfalten.
Relation of Mindfulness, Heartfulness and Well-Being in Students during the Coronavirus-Pandemic
Authors: Rahe Martina , Wolff Fabian , Jansen Petra
Published: August 2022

The Coronavirus Pandemic has affected the lives of almost everyone. The study’s primary goal is to analyze how mindfulness and heartfulness (gratitude and self-compassion) predict well-being and flourishing during the pandemic. Participants were 216 students completing questionnaires about well-being, flourishing, mindfulness, self-compassion, gratitude, physical activity, Coronavirus stress and strain, and demographic information. Participants’ physical activity, strain, stress, and gender were also investigated as possible predictors. Mindfulness predicted well-being and flourishing. These relations were mediated by gratitude and self-compassion. Physical activity also predicted well-being and flourishing, but the Coronavirus stress and strain were unrelated to students’ well-being or flourishing. In an exploratory analysis, three aspects of mindfulness (non-judging, observing, and acting with awareness) predicted well-being, and four (non-judging, describing, observing, and acting with awareness) predicted flourishing. Aspects of heartfulness mediated the relations between these aspects of mindfulness and well-being and flourishing.
From data to interpretable models: machine learning for soil moisture forecasting
Authors: Basak Aniruddha , Schmidt Kevin M. , Mengshoel Ole Jakob
Published: August 2022

Soil moisture is critical to agricultural business, ecosystem health, and certain hydrologically driven natural disasters. Monitoring data, though, is prone to instrumental noise, wide ranging extrema, and nonstationary response to rainfall where ground conditions change. Furthermore, existing soil moisture models generally forecast poorly for time periods greater than a few hours. To improve such forecasts, we introduce two data-driven models, the Naive Accumulative Representation (NAR) and the Additive Exponential Accumulative Representation (AEAR). Both of these models are rooted in deterministic, physically based hydrology, and we study their capabilities in forecasting soil moisture over time periods longer than a few hours. Learned model parameters represent the physically based unsaturated hydrological redistribution processes of gravity and suction. We validate our models using soil moisture and rainfall time series data collected from a steep gradient, post-wildfire site in southern California. Data analysis is complicated by rapid landscape change observed in steep, burned hillslopes in response to even small to moderate rain events. The proposed NAR and AEAR models are, in forecasting experiments, shown to be competitive with several established and state-of-the-art baselines. The AEAR model fits the data well for three distinct soil textures at variable depths below the ground surface (5, 15, and 30 cm). Similar robust results are demonstrated in controlled, laboratory-based experiments. Our AEAR model includes readily interpretable hydrologic parameters and provides more accurate forecasts than existing models for time horizons of 10–24 h. Such extended periods of warning for natural disasters, such as floods and landslides, provide actionable knowledge to reduce loss of life and property.
Publication Behavior in Different Fields of Business Administration: From Anecdotal to Empirical Evidence
Authors: Fernandes Mario , Walter Andreas
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we substitute anecdotal with empirical evidence regarding the publication behavior of German business administration professors. We find that in particular the publication behavior of accounting researchers differs strongly from the publication behavior of researchers in other business administration fields with respect to (i) the national focus, (ii) the focus on practitioner journals, (iii) the focus on particularly renowned journals, and (iv) the holistic publication output. More precisely, we document that accounting professors have a stronger national focus, publish more in practitioner journals, and publish less in particularly renowned journals. Overall, our analyses document distinct differences in publication behavior across the fields of business administration, which should presumably being considered when evaluating the publication portfolios of professors across fields, e.g., in the context of resource allocation in business administration faculties.
Hydronéphrose pendant la grossesse
Authors: Assayed Leonardi Nady , Martel Paul , Vachette Maud , Roth Beat
Published: August 2022

Au décours d’une grossesse, le système urinaire subit une importante adaptation physiologique qui pose fréquemment un défi clinique dans les soins aigus. En effet, la dilatation de la voie urinaire, signe cardinal de l’obstruction reste physiologique chez une majorité de femmes alors que la maladie lithiasique est en même temps favorisée par la grossesse. Cet article propose une revue structurée et pragmatique de cette situation particulière où les options diagnostiques comme thérapeutiques sont limitées.