bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internal tides off the Amazon shelf Part I : importance for the structuring of ocean temperature during two contrasted seasons
Authors: Assene Fernand , Koch-Larrouy Ariane , Dadou Isabelle , Tchilibou Michel , Morvan Guillaume , Chanut Jérôme , Vantrepotte Vincent , Allain Damien , Tran Trung-Kien
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Tides and internal tides (IT) in the ocean can significantly affect local to regional ocean temperature, including sea surface temperature (SST), via physical processes such as diffusion (vertical mixing) and advection (vertical and horizontal) of water masses. Offshore of the Amazon River, strong IT have been detected by satellite observations and well modelled ; however, their impact on temperature, SST and the identification of the associated processes have not been studied so far. In this work, we use high resolution (1/36°) numerical simulations with and without the tides from an ocean circulation model (NEMO). This model explicitly resolves the internal tides (IT) and is therefore suitable to assess how they can affect ocean temperature in the studied area. We distinguish the analysis for two contrasted seasons, from April to June (AMJ) and from August to October (ASO), since the seasonal stratification off the Amazon River modulates the IT’s response and their influence in temperature. The generation and the propagation of the IT in the model are in good agreement with observations. The SST reproduced by the simulation including tides is in better agreement with satellite SST data compared to the simulation without tides. During ASO season, stronger meso-scale currents, deeper and weaker pycnocline are observed in contrast to the AMJ season. The observed coastal upwelling during ASO season is better reproduced by the model including tides, whereas the no-tide simulation is too warm by +0.3 °C for the SST. In the subsurface above the thermocline, the tide simulation is cooler by −1.2 °C, and warmer below the thermocline by +1.2 °C compared to the simulation without the tides. The IT induce vertical mixing on their generation site along the shelf break and on their propagation pathways towards the open ocean. This process mainly explains the cooler temperature at the ocean surface and is combined with vertical and horizontal advection to explain the cooling in the subsurface water above the thermocline and a warming in the deeper layers below the thermocline. The surface cooling induced in turn an increase of the net heat flux from the atmosphere to the ocean surface, which could induce significant changes in the local and even for the regional tropical Atlantic atmospheric circulation and precipitation. We therefore demonstrate that IT, via vertical mixing and advection along their propagation pathways, and tides over the continental shelf, can play a role on the temperature structure off the Amazon River mouth, particularly in the coastal cooling enhanced by the IT. Keywords: internal tides, Amazon continental shelf and slope, temperature, modeling, satellite data, mixing, heat flux.
The intrinsic relationship between cyclones, anticyclones, and Rossby Wave Breakings in the North-Atlantic
Authors: Tamarin-Brodsky Talia , Harnik Nili
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Rossby wave breaking events describe the last stage in the life-cycle of baroclinic atmospheric disturbances. These breaking events can strongly influence the large-scale circulation, and are also related to weather extremes such as heat waves, blockings, and extreme precipitation events. Nonetheless, a complete understanding of the synoptic-scale dynamics involved with wave breaking events is still absent. Here we highlight the fundamental relation between low-level weather systems and upper-level wave breaking events in the North Atlantic region, by combining a storm-tracking technique together with a wave breaking detection algorithm. We show that Anticyclonic Wave Breaking (AWB) events are associated with a strong upper-level ridge and a low-level anticyclone to its east, which are both located in the anticyclonic side of the jet. During the breaking, a strong cyclone is often found to the north-northwest of the anticyclone, while a weaker one is often found to its south-southeast. Time evolution composites centered around anticyclones during AWB show that as the downstream trough wraps anticyclonically to the east and south of the ridge, the upper-level jet weakens to the south, hence the upper-level jet becomes more split into an upstream poleward tilted jet, and a downstream zonal jet. In addition, the Sea Level Pressure (SLP) anomalies rotate in an anticyclonic manner relative to each other, such that the initially zonally oriented low-high SLP anomaly dipole become meridionally oriented by the end of the life-cycle (low-above-high). On the contrary, Cyclonic Wave Breaking (CWB) events are associated with a strong upper-level trough and a low-level cyclone to its east, which are both located in the cyclonic side of the jet. An additional anticyclone is often found to the northeast of the cyclone. Time evolution composites centered around cyclones during CWB show that as the downstream ridge wraps cyclonically to the east and north of the trough, the zonal and more southward shifted upper-level jet weakens further to the north. A relative cyclonic rotation is observed at low-levels, such that a high-above-low SLP anomaly dipole is found by the end of the life-cycle. A simple kinematic interpretation is suggested for the poleward and equatorward shifted jets associated with AWB and CWB events, respectively. Anomalous life-cycles of anticyclones during CWB events and cyclones during AWB events are also discussed.
Low temperature thermochronology as an investigation tool for deep geothermal energy: insights from the Midland Valley sedimentary basin (Scotland).
Authors: Persano Cristina , Wildman Mark , McKenna Eamon , Hattie Andrew , Monaghan Alison
Published: March 2023

Deep (> 500 m below ground) geothermal energy is generated by heat sources within the Earth, including unusually high  lithospheric basal heat flow and/or intrusive bodies rich in radioactive isotopes, that heat the surrounding rocks and aquifers. This warm water can then be used for electricity production or to provide heat for buildings. These relatively high geothermal gradients can be found at depth in sedimentary basins where aquifers are surrounded by rocks with low thermal conductivity. Investigating the suitability of a basin for deep geothermal energy exploration requires, therefore, a thorough geological investigation of its spatially variable structure, stratigraphy and evolution. Low temperature thermochronology, namely apatite fission track and (U-Th-Sm)/He methods, are able to reconstruct the thermal structure of the shallow crust through time and, when data are available from boreholes, to quantify the evolution of the geothermal gradient, providing insights on the most promising areas where aquifers could be unusually warm. We have applied low temperature thermochronology to the study of the Midland Valley (MV) Basin, an extensive sedimentary basin onshore Scotland, hosting many potential energy consumers in the cities of Glasgow and Edinburgh. The Midland Valley mainly consists of alternating succession of sandstone and siltstone with mudstone, limestone and coal, predominantly of Carboniferous and Devonian age. The MV also experienced folding and faulting throughout its geological history; therefore, the succession is spatially highly variable, difficult to reconstruct by simply using the sparse borehole-derived stratigraphic constraints. Apatite fission track data from across the eastern sector of the basin and the UK Geoenergy Observatories borehole in Glasgow indicate a 1) rapid burial in the Carboniferous-Permian; 2) Permian-Mesozoic cooling and a 3) a relatively rapid early Cenozoic cooling, an event that is asynchronous across the basin. Using a combination of forward and inverse modelling techniques, we constrain the palaeo-geothermal gradients and highlight areas where the thermal structure of the shallow crust could still be relatively hot for aquifer geothermal energy.
Validation of a new spatially explicit process-based model (HETEROFOR) to simulate structurally and compositionally complex forest stands in eastern North America
Authors: Guignabert Arthur , Ponette Quentin , André Frédéric , Messier Christian , Nolet Philippe , Jonard Mathieu
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Process-based forest growth models with spatially explicit representation
are relevant tools to investigate innovative silviculture practices and/or
climate change effects because they are based on key ecophysiological
processes and account for the effects of local competition for resources on
tree growth. Such models are rare and are often calibrated for a very limited
number of species and rarely for mixed and/or uneven-aged stands, and none
are suitable for the temperate forests of Québec. The aim of this study
was to calibrate and evaluate HETEROFOR (HETEROgeneous FORest), a process-based and spatially
explicit model based on resource sharing, for 23 functionally diverse tree
species in forest stands with contrasting species compositions and
environmental conditions in southern Quebec. Using data from the forest
inventory of Quebec, we evaluated the ability of HETEROFOR to predict
the short-term growth (5–16 years) of these species at the tree and stand
levels and the long-term dynamics (120 years) of red and sugar maple
stands. The comparison between the prediction quality of the calibration
and evaluation datasets showed the robustness of the model performance in
predicting individual-tree growth. The model reproduced correctly the individual
basal area increment (BAI) of the validation dataset, with a mean Pearson's
correlation coefficient of 0.56 and a mean bias of 18 %. Our results also highlighted that considering tree position is of importance for predicting individual-tree growth most accurately in complex stands with both vertically and horizontally heterogeneous structures. The model also showed a good ability
to reproduce BAI at the stand level, both for monospecific (bias of
−3.7 %; Pearson's r=0.55) and multi-species stands (bias of −9.1 %;
Pearson's r=0.62). Long-term simulations of red maple and sugar maple
showed that HETEROFOR was able to accurately predict the growth (basal area
and height) and mortality processes from the seedling stage to the mature
stand. Our results suggest that HETEROFOR is a reliable option to simulate
forest growth in southern Quebec and to test new forestry practices under
future climate scenarios.
Front Matter
Authors: Nara Hiroshi
Published: March 2023

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Fransız Örgüt Kültürü: Fransız Devrimi’nin Etkileri ve Hofstede’nin Kültür Boyutları Açısından Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: TUNÇ Tülin
Published: March 2023

The French Revolution of 1789 which is one of the most important events in European and World history, affects other societies as well as the French society. Famous for its nationalism, traditionalism and uniqueness, France is seen as the pioneer of European civilization, particularly after the Enlightenment movement and the French Revolution. By breaking down the feudal structure of the Ancien Régime (Old order) period in which the greater proportion of the population lived in rural areas where the king was standing as a central authority of the society consisted of three estates in which the influence of the church and traditions were strong, the French Revolution was proposed with the hope of creating a modern France and building a free future influened by the Enlightenment movement. How did this Revolution affect French national culture and organizational culture? How effective was the change brought by the French Revolution in terms of society, industry, business organizations and business life? Certain results have been achieved in this review which tried to find answers to these questions by making an evaluation in terms of the cultural dimensions that Hofstede expressed as ‘individualism-collectivism, masculinity-femininity, uncertainty avoidance, power distance, time orientation, and indulgence-constraint’. Keywords: French Revolution, Enlightenment, national culture, organizational culture, business life.
Nowe aspekty spektroskopii papieru w podczerwieni i obszarze teraherców
Authors: Witowski Andrzej M. , Sawicka Martyna , Girdwoyń Piotr A. , Tomaszewski Tadeusz J.
Published: March 2023

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów transmisji i odbicia w zakresie widmowym podczerwieni i teraherców dla papierów wyprodukowanych pod koniec XX i na początku XXI wieku. Współczesne spektrometry fourierowskie pozwalają na wiarygodne pomiary współczynnika transmisji poniżej 0,01, a więc typowego dla papieru. Badania wykazały wpływ dokonywanych w latach 90. ubiegłego wieku zmian materiałów wykorzystywanych w produkcji papieru na wygląd widma. Daje to możliwość określenia granicy wieku badanego papieru. Często taka informacja jest wystarczająca dla celów dowodowych. Kilka „nowych” pasm absorpcyjnych występujących w obszarze teraherców może maskować pasma występujące np. dla materiałów wybuchowych, co utrudnia spektroskopowe wyszukiwanie takich materiałów w opakowaniach papierowych.
Problems of achieving legal efficiency in the consideration of class actions
Authors: Trezubov E. S. , Zvyagina N. S.
Published: March 2023

The paper examines the procedure for considering a class action in the Russian civil procedure in order to identify obstacles to the effective application of this institution. In developed foreign legal orders, group proceedings are a popular socially significant jurisdictional procedure for considering a large number of the same type of requirements, which allows optimizing the burden on the judicial system, ensuring the achievement of legal certainty and the effectiveness of judicial protection. As a result of the reform of group production, an institution sui generis appeared, which differs in many respects from foreign analogues. Given that group proceedings in Russia are still not in demand, the authors has identified obstacles to the intensification of this procedure, many of which indicate a superficial regulation of the procedural form.

The study used comparative legal, formal logical and systemic structural methods, which made it possible to give a comprehensive assessment of the identified gaps in the legal regulation of group proceedings in Russian civil, commercial and administrative litigation. The first of the identified problems is related to the lack of regulatory rules for certification of a group of persons. To initiate proceedings on a class action, it is necessary to join a significant number of co-plaintiffs, whose claims are based on homogeneous legal and factual circumstances. However Russian procedural codes do not regulate the criteria by which certification of a group should be carried out, and also do not establish rules for accepting a court ruling on preparing a case for trial, allowing members to subsequently authorize. It is noted that for effective group proceedings it is necessary to issue an appropriate definition, which would define the criteria for the homogeneity of the grounds for claims and the method of protecting the violated right chosen by the applicant. The law should directly provide for the possibility of appealing against such a judicial act. Also, for the purposes of joining the requirements to protect the interests of a group of persons, it is proposed to publish a notice on the initiation of proceedings not only on the websites of the court and the defendant, but also in the official media.

The problems of implementing the qualities of the legal force of a court decision on a class action, such as exclusivity and prejudice, are also identified, since the law allows challenging the circumstances established when considering a class action when considering a personal claim of a member of a class who has not joined a class action in the future.
Problems of calculation of the terms of appeals of decisions made in the order of summary proceedings
Authors: Galkovskaya N. G.
Published: March 2023

The subject of the research is the features of the appeal of court decisions in cases considered in summary proceedings.

The methodology. Analysis and synthesis, dialectical method as well as formal legal interpretation of Russian legislative acts.

The main results. The author critically assesses the provisions of the procedural legislation, focuses on the problems that exist in practice. (1) There is a different procedure for notifying a decision adopted as a result of summary proceedings, according to the norms of the Civil Procedure Code and of the Arbitration Procedure Code. (2) It is concluded that the dependence of the beginning of the period for filing an application for drawing up a reasoned decision on the day of placement of the operative part of the decision or on the day of its adoption significantly complicates the timely implementation of such a right. A different construction will be justified and practically convenient: fixing in the law a single moment of the beginning of the period for an appeal against a decision - from the moment a copy of the operative part is delivered (irrespective of the application for drawing up a reasoned decision). (3) If the deadline for filing an application for the preparation of a reasoned decision is missed, the issue of its restoration should be resolved only if the deadline for filing an appeal has not been missed. If the deadline for filing an appeal is missed, then a reasoned decision on the case should be made only if the specified dead-line is restored.

Recommendations are offered on the possible improvement of procedural rules on summary proceedings. In particular, the issue of increasing the period for applying for a reasoned decision was raised. It is proposed that the start time for filing an application for the preparation of a reasoned decision be determined from the day a copy of the decision is handed over to the persons participating in the case, or the decision is posted on the court's website.

Conclusions. The identified problems call into question the merits of the summary procedure, show in practice its difficult and complicated order. The existing model of summary proceedings needs to be significantly detailed in order to increase the guarantees of judicial protection.
Child's legal personality: actualization of opportunities and their limitations
Authors: Tarusina N. N. , Koneva E. V. , Simonova S. V.
Published: March 2023

The subject of this research is the concept of a child’s legal capacity in an interdisciplinary context and the validity of various approaches for determining the essence and scope of a child’s legal capacity in terms of Russian public and private legislation and to provide suggestions for improvement.

Methodology: The authors’ general research methods for cognition are: analysis, synthesis, and abstraction. This research is also based on legal acts and judicial practice, as well as on the opinions of scientists.

Results: On the one hand, differentiations in terms of the essence, structure and scope of a child’s legal capacity within the branches of Russian law are justified according to the specifics of their subject and methods of legal regulation. On the other hand, the differences in approaches presented in them, especially according to age criterion, are far from universally justified, and this is especially characteristic of the active component of legal personality – or legal capacity. Thus, 14 and 16 are the ages of legal capacity in terms of constitutional law; 6, 14 and 16 for civil law; 14, 15 and 16 for labour law; 15 for medical law; 10, 14, 15, 16 for family law; etc. The law on education does not indicate any age benchmarks, being oriented towards the school education periods. At the same time, the lower boundaries of ‘minimal legal capacity’ are established only for the sake of civil legal relations and administrative and criminal liability. In other cases, in the assessment of a child’s ability to make legally significant decisions, the law enforcement officer considers a child’s individual psychological characteristics. Typically this approach proves to be correct. Psychological data indicate the development of an acceptable level of cognitive ability by the age of 12; therefore, the formally enshrined concept of child consent to certain legally significant acts beginning at the age of 10 requires discussion and possible adjustment. The ages of 14 and 16 as starting points for basic elements of the legal capacity (legal personality) are reasonable and must be applied systematically; other intermediate solutions are not justified. In terms of a generally correct decision with regard to the moment when the age of legal capacity begins, it would be reasonable to correlate this with the protection of a child’s interests before his/her birth. There is no unified approach to understanding a child’s ability to perform legal duties: in civil law such ability is denied, while in other legal spheres it exists. As for family law, it should be assimilated into the general group. Conclusions: the concept of a child’s legal capacity requires systematization and enhancement as a prerequisite for a reasonable and justified arrangement of children's world – both within the family and in the public sphere.
Legal aspects of ways to monetize rights in the computer games industry
Authors: Andreev N. Yu. , Arkhipov V. V. , Vasiliev A. A. , Pechatnova Yu. V.
Published: March 2023

The subject. The authors attempt a legal analysis of several forms of monetization of rights to computer games.

The purpose of the article is the legal qualification of donations, crowdfunding, loot boxes as means of monetization.

The research methodology includes general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as specific scientific methods of comparative law and formal legal analysis.

The scientific problem of the article lies in the existing contradiction between the rapid development of the computer games market and the state of modern legal science in terms of scientific understanding and regulation of the entertainment industry.

The main results, scope of application. There are two main forms of public funding in the gaming industry: (1) donations; (2) crowdfunding. Donations are more common for streamers, crowdfunding for computer developers. Donat is money sent without the condition of reciprocity. In recent years, crowdfunding has become a common way to attract investments. The purchase of a digital (or physical) copy of a game is the acquisition of the right to use (access) a computer game. Therefore, the funds we transfer are investments. We become beneficiaries of the published product. As a result, the developer will have to pay taxes on the funds raised. A loot box is a virtual item – a random set of additional features.

The process of loot distribution is similar to a game of chance: players choose the level of need for a thing. Lootbox, despite the deceived expectations of the player, still brings some benefits to the player. In other words, the player pays a few dollars and expects to receive something of value in return, but the amount of winnings can be both large and small. In this regard, it seems that the loot box is a classic win-win lottery. Therefore, loot boxes should not be equated with gambling, otherwise the gaming industry could respond by referring to the need to include lotteries (and insurance) as gambling. At the same time, the similarity of several elements indicates that there is always a risk of turning a computer game into gambling.

Conclusions. There are a number of ways to monetize the material incentives for players. These methods include donations, funds received in the course of crowdinvesting, as well as loot boxes. Donations are an intermediate phenomenon between donation and payment. For individuals, income from donations will not be taxed if there is no consideration. Also, sometimes donations should be understood as funds from crowdinvestments, which developers sometimes collect to create the next game. These funds, in most cases, should still be treated as developer income, not donations. The boundary between the payment of in-game property and gambling is the phenomenon of loot boxes, which should be qualified as a win-win lottery.
Integrated cloud computing and blockchain systems: A review
Authors: Alshinwan Mohammad , Shdefat Ahmed Younes , Mostafa Nour , AlSokkar Abdullah A.M , Alsarhan Tamam , Almajali Dmaithan
Published: March 2023

Blockchain technology is one of the crypto-currency technologies that has received a lot of attention. It has also found use in various applications, including the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud computing. Nonetheless, Blockchain has a signiﬁcant scalability issue, restricting its ability to support services with various transactions. On the other hand, cloud computing is the on-demand availability of shared computer system resources, although issues now beset it in automation, processes, management, policies, and human aspects. Combining cloud computing and blockchain technology into a single system can improve network control, task scheduling, data integrity, resource management, pricing, fair payment, and resource allocation. In this article, we oﬀered a comprehensive and up-to-date survey of cloud computing and Blockchain integration, a critical service for business applications due to the beneﬁts of privacy, security, and service support. The lack of a comprehensive assessment examining the signiﬁcance of BaaS platforms used in cloud computing prompted this review. We focus on the various BaaS tools that are currently in use. This report also examines the most common BaaS platforms incorporating Blockchain as a cloud service, such as Alibaba, Oracle, Azure, Amazon, and IBM. Furthermore, this research highlighted some major technological issues associated with merging Blockchain with cloud computing.
The digital adoption of blockchain technology in the project management information systems: A value creation mediation model
Authors: Al-Faouri Abeer Hmoud , Al-Bazaiah Sakher A. I. , Alnsour Muhammed S. , Abuanzeh Asma A. , Alshurideh Muhammad Turki
Published: March 2023

Blockchain technology adoption among the businesses has become a new updated technological improvement and calls all businesses to care with it. This research aims to address its effect with project management information systems with a possible moderation effect of the value creation gained of this factor. The study used a quantitative research method to meet its objective and collected the data from Jordanian e-commerce enterprises with a total of 320 participants. PLS-SEM technique was used to perform the key analyses. The results found a significant effect of all hypothesized research assumptions and a significant moderating effect of value creation on the respective effect of study’s variables. The findings also expanded the current understanding and application of this technology and showed some implications and applicable insights that supported the existing literature and evidence in this field. The study would contribute to cover the limited research works and knowledge gaps with a suggestion to integrate this technology and application within different contextual settings.
Increasing the security of transmitted text messages using chaotic key and image key cryptography
Authors: Abu-Faraj Mua’ad , Al-Hyari Abeer , Altaharwa Ismail , Alqad Zaid , Ali Basel J. A.
Published: March 2023

It is critical to safeguard confidential data, especially secret and private messages. This study introduces a novel data cryptography approach. The new approach will be capable of encrypting and decrypting any communication size. The suggested approach will use a sophisticated private key with a convoluted structure. The private key will have 5 components with a double data type to prevent guessing or hacking. The confidential data will produce two secret keys, the first of which will be taken from the image key. These keys will be vulnerable to slight changes in private key information. To maximize the approach's efficiency, the suggested method will deal with lengthy messages by splitting them into chunks. On the other hand, the chaotic logistic map model will be used to create the second key. The suggested technique will be implemented, and several sorts of analysis (sensitivity, quality, security, and speed analysis) will be undertaken to demonstrate the benefits of the proposed method. The quality metrics MSE, PSNR, and CC will be computed to validate the suggested method's quality. To illustrate the efficiency of the proposed technique, encryption and decryption times will be measured, and cryptography throughputs will be determined. Various PKs will be tried throughout the decryption process to demonstrate how sensitive the produced outputs are to changes in the private key. The suggested approach will be tested, and the results will be compared to the results of existing methods to demonstrate the improvement offered by the proposed method.
The effects of smart human resources 4.0 on employee job effectiveness: The mediating role of employee job satisfaction
Authors: Shamaileh Nancy Abdullah , Eldahamsheh Mohammad Mousa , Alneimat Suleiman , Istaiteyeh Rasha , Azzam Islam A. , Al-Hawary Sulieman Ibraheem Shelash
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study is twofold. First, to explore the effect of smart human resources (HR) 4.0 practices on employee effectiveness. Second, to investigate the mediating role of employee job satisfaction in the relationship between these two latent variables. Distributing a questionnaire to gather data from a sample of HR managers and employees in Ministry of Digital Economy and Entrepreneurship, the results point out that smart HR 4.0 practices as a whole construct represent a significant predictor of employee job effectiveness as measured by employee performance based on their personal, social, methodological, and technical skills. As well, the results revealed that smart HR 4.0 embodies a significant predictor of employee job satisfaction. The results found a significant effect of the latter on employee job effectiveness, a significant mediating role of employee job satisfaction was established. The study provides a theoretical basis for further studies on such effects as well as an empirical ground from which companies could start to boost employee satisfaction and effectiveness through smart HR 4.0 technologies.
Digitalization and logistics service quality: Evidence from Indonesia national shipping companies
Authors: Ricardianto Prasadja , Christy Elvira , Pahala Yosi , Abdurachman Edi , Soekirman Atong , Purba Okin Ringan , Prasetiawan Saptana Tri , Wiguna Esa Setia , Wibawanti Andjar Budi , Endri Endri
Published: March 2023

The research aimed to know the impact of electronic delivery orders and logistics digitalization on the import document activities mediated by logistics service quality in the national shipping lines, especially the members of Regional Container Lines. Several logistics companies in Indonesia have now begun to utilize digital technology supported by the national logistics ecosystem platform to advance logistics activities, to assist logistics processes in all sectors, including the industrial sector. Shipping, especially by sea shipping. One of the research problems, among others, is that the TSJ/T3 terminal still uses manual delivery orders. The research used the path analysis method and Sobel test with a random sample of 102 PT Bhum Mulia Prima customers. The result of the study showed that electronic delivery orders and logistics digitalization partially contribute to the import document activities through logistics service quality. Furthermore, logistics service quality as the intervening variable strengthened the contribution of an electronic delivery order to the import document activities. Testing is also needed by comparing digital systems between the shipping companies that still do not use manual documents and those that have used online processes in import activities.
Simulation and analysis performance of ad-hoc routing protocols under DDoS attack and proposed solution
Authors: Mughaid Ala , Obaidat Ibrahim , Aljammal Ashraf , AlZu’bi Shadi , Quiam Fatima , Laila Dena Abu , Al-zou’bi Aseel , Abualigah Laith
Published: March 2023

Ad hoc networks, known as infrastructure-less networks, are composed of mobile nodes that connect without a centralized system controlling them. These networks have a wide range of potential applications, including emergency response, events, military operations, wireless access, and intelligent transportation. They can take on various forms, such as wireless sensor networks, wireless mesh networks, and mobile ad hoc networks. Because users in these networks can move around at any time, routing protocols must adapt to the constantly changing network layout. However, these networks are also susceptible to various security threats, including DDoS attacks. This paper aims to analyze the performance and impact of security attacks on the performance of reactive and proactive routing protocols in CBR connection patterns with different pause times. The analysis is provided in metrics such as throughput, packet loss, end-to-end delay, and load. The simulation results show that, on average, the OPNET Modeler simulator analyzed the performance results under DDoS attacks under voice and video traffic conditions. Furthermore, the paper explores the use of Honeypot intelligent agents as a solution to increase security by creating a dummy node to fool DDoS attackers. The results show that the OLSR protocol is most affected by DDoS attacks in terms of quality-of-service metrics such as packet loss, throughput, end-to-end delay, and load. The number of responses to the honeypot solutions differs for each protocol.
From physical to virtual: The impact of mixed reality technologies on students' engagement in Kuwait universities using structural equation modeling
Authors: Aldaihani Faraj Mazyed Faraj
Published: March 2023

This paper sought to test the impact of mixed reality technologies on student engagement in Kuwait universities. Physical reality, augmented reality, augmented virtuality, and virtual reality have been relied upon as mixed reality technologies. Moreover, behavioural, cognitive, and emotional engagement were used as measures of students' engagement according to self-determination theory. The data used in the analysis were received from 812 students in various disciplines in Kuwaiti universities with a response rate of 86.19%. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was the statistical approach used in data analysis. The results indicated varying relative importance levels for mixed reality techniques, although the relative importance level for students' engagement was high. Besides, all mixed reality technologies had a positive impact on students' engagement, with the highest impact of augmented reality and the lowest impact of augmented virtuality. This paper provided contributions to the development of an empirical approach based on new technologies to improve student engagement in developing country universities. Accordingly, the paper emphasized the need for Kuwaiti universities to invest in augmented reality technologies, for example, interactive screens and 3D mobile applications to increase students' exploratory ability.
A new class of Laguerre based Frobenius type Eulerian numbers and polynomials
Authors: Khan Waseem Ahmad , Nisar Koottakkaran Sooppy
Published: March 2023

In this article, we introduce a new class of generalized Laguerre-based Frobenius type Eulerian polynomials and then derive diverse explicit and implicit summation formulae and symmetric identities by using series manipulation techniques. Multifarious summation formulas and identities are given earlier for some well known polynomials such as Eulerian polynomials and Frobenius type Eulerian polynomials are generalized.
The "Elliptic" matrices and a new kind of cryptography
Authors: Cheddour Zakariae , Chillali Abdelhakim , Mouhib Ali
Published: March 2023

In [17], A. chillali et al introduce a new cryptographic method based on matrices over a finite field Fpn , where p is a prime number. In this paper, we will generate this method in a new group of square block matrices based on an elliptic curve, called "elliptic" matrices.
Entropy solution for a nonlinear degenerate parabolic problem in weighted Sobolev space via Rothe's time-discretization approach
Authors: Sabri Abdelali , Jamea Ahmed
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we prove the existence and uniqueness results of an entropy solution to a class of nonlinear degenerate parabolic problem with Dirichlet-type boundary condition and L1 data. The main tool used here is the Rothe's time-discretization approach combined with the theory of weighted Sobolev spaces.
Explicit formulas for the matrix exponential
Authors: Mouçouf Mohammed , Zriaa Said
Published: March 2023

In this work, new closed-form formulas for the matrix exponential are provided using certain polynomials which areconstructed with the help of a generalization of Hermite's interpolation formula. Our method is direct and elementary, it gives tractable and manageable formulas not current inthe extensive literature on this essential subject. Moreover, others are recuperated and generalized. Several particular cases and examples are formulated to illustrate the method presented in this paper.
Effectiveness of Shrimp Allergenic Extract as an Immunotherapy Agent in Mice Model of Gastrointestinal Allergy
Authors: Bagus Sagitaras Ilham , Dzikri Marhaeny Honey , Alif Pratama Yusuf , Ardianto Chrismawan , Suasana Dian , Dzulfikri Nurhan Ahmad , Fatma Sari Winda , Dinina Fakhriyah , Taher Muhammad , Khotib Junaidi
Published: March 2023

Allergen extract as allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only causative therapy and provides protection or tolerance to an allergen in the long term. However, allergen extracts from different countries may have different effectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Indonesian shrimp allergen extract (SAE) as an immunotherapy agent with a mouse model of allergies in the gastrointestinal tract. Mice were divided into five groups consisting of the naïve group, allergic group, and the allergic group received SAE immunotherapy at high dose (100µg/week), moderate dose (50µg/week), and low dose (10µg/week). Each group received treatment in the sensitization and desensitization phases, which was then followed by an oral challenge of SAE 100µg. The effectiveness of SAE immunotherapy was assessed based on the parameters of systemic allergic symptoms, IL-10 mRNA expression in ileum tissue, and IgG2a serum concentration. We found that SAE immunotherapy decreased the systemic allergic symptoms score, regardless of dosage, and the effect persisted on the third challenge. IgG2a as a parameter of humoral immunity showed a significant increase in the high-dose immunotherapy group, and IL-10mRNA expression as a parameter of cellular immunity also showed an increase in the high-dose group. Both data showed a dose-dependent manner. It can be concluded that SAE has excellent effectiveness as an immunotherapy agent and dose-dependent characteristics.
Association of High sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) with poor Glycaemic control and Coronary Heart Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Aziz dayoub , Mohammad Imad Khayat , Afraa Zrieki
Published: March 2023

High sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) is a sensitive marker of subclinical inflammation associated with atherosclerosis. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the important risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between Hs-CRP levels and both glycaemic control and CHD in Syrian type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. A random sample of 108 subjects was selected from T2DM and/or CHD patients seen in the National Centre for Diabetes, and the outpatient clinic of cardiology department at Tishreen University Hospital in Latakia. Four groups were formed: Group 1 [T2DM (+) CHD (-), N=29], Group 2 [T2DM (-) CHD (+), N=25], Group 3 [T2DM (+) CHD (+), N=29], and Group 4 (T2DM (-) CHD (-), N=25). Serum Hs-CRP and glycated haemoglobin (HBA1C) were determined. The SPSS 25.0 program was used for the statistical analysis. Probability (P) value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Mean Hs-CRP level was higher in T2DM subjects with (5.23±1.56mg/l) or without (2.29±0.78mg/l) CHD compared to T2DM (-) CHD (-) patients (0.16±0.04mg/l), (p<0.0001 for both). Mean Hs-CRP level in T2DM with CHD was not only higher than T2DM patients without CHD (p<0.0001), but also than non-diabetic subjects with CHD (2.56±0.45mg/l) (p<0.0001). There was a positive correlation between serum Hs-CRP and HBA1C in T2DM patients with CHD (r=0.781, P<0.0001), Similarly, Hs-CRP levels were positively and significantly correlated with HBA1C in T2DM patients without CHD (r=0.800, p<0.0001). We also noticed that for every 1.0% increase in HbA1c there was an 77% increase in the likelihood of having an elevated Hs-CRP. We concluded that Hs-CRP was strongly correlated with glycaemic control in T2DM patients. The highest Hs-CRP level was observed in T2DM with CHD patients. Hs-CRP could predict the incidence of coronary heart disease in T2DM patients.
Biochemical study on Anti Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody Enzyme in Serum Blood of women with Thyroid Disease
Authors: N. Shaker Razan , Th. Younis Nawal
Published: March 2023

The research involved study the relation between thyroid peroixdase (TPO) and some of the measured biochemical parameters related to the disease (Triiodothyhyronin T3, Thyroxine T4, Thyroid stimulating hormone TSH, glucosee, vitamin D, calcium, uric acid, albumin, alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP), transamination enzymes GOT and GPT)in serum blood patients compared with control group, the reasult demonstration is a significant increase in the mean of TPO enzyme (112.63±69.5 Iu/ml), (273.9±235.1 Iu/ml)in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism patient respectively compared with mean in control group was ( 33.9 ±18.99 Iu/ml), also the results showed the significant increase in the concentration of T3, glucose, ALP, GOT, GPT enzymes and non significant increase inT4, uric acid, while a significant decrease in TSH, vitamin D, calcium, and non significant decrease with albumin in hyperthyroidism while the results had been shown a significant increase in TSH, glucose, ALP and non-significant increase in uric acid, GOT, GPT enzymes and a significant decrease in T4, vitamin D, calcium, non- significant decrease in T3, albumin in hypothyroidism . Correlation coefficient of TPO enzyme with these clinical parameters showed a negative significant correlation with GPTenzyme in hyperthyroidism and vitamin D, calcium in hypothyroidism while the results showed that there is no significant relationship of TPO enzyme with the rest of boichemical parameters conclusion of this study was that anti-TPO enzyme is diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid disorders and TPO enzyme is plays an important role in making thyroid hormones
Accumulation of heavy metals in fish and their impacts on human health: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Aarabi Samar , Chauiyakh Oussama , Ninich Oumaima , Kettani Kamal , Et-tahir Aziz
Published: March 2023

Fish is the most preferred and consumed food by humans because it is a source of protein, vitamins and energy with low fat and calorie content. The risks of chemical contamination of foods for human health are recognized as one of the most important issues related to the consumption of aquatic foods, especially the toxicity associated with contamination by dangerous chemicals. The risk of this toxicity increases their dangers globally and at a remarkable trend. The development projects whose estuaries have been the subject of several studies since the middle of the last century because of their impact on the environment, in addition, the profound modification which has modified not only the geometry of the estuaries, but also natural hydrological and sedimentological processes. The objective of our research work is to study the impact of these development projects in estuaries (Bouregreg estuary as an example) on the accumulation of heavy metals in fish of aquatic origin. These studies were largely carried out within the framework of guaranteeing health safety on the one hand for fish and on the other hand for human beings.
Evaluation of Cutaneous Wound Healing Activity of Citrus aurantium Fruit Peel Extract-based Ointment in Albino Rats
Authors: Cherukuri Sowmya , Paramanayagam Anitha , R Prabakaran , M Mayakannan , Vuppalapati Lavakumar
Published: March 2023

The current study was aimed to evaluate the wound healing activity of ethyl acetate extract of fruit peels of Citrus aurantium. An ethyl acetate extract of fruit peel of Citrus aurantium was loaded into an ointment base with three different concentrations (0.25% w/w, 0.5% w/w and 1%w/w) and tested for wound healing activity using excision wound model by measuring the healing area and dermal toxicity. Wound healing activity and histopathology studies confirmed that all the tested three concentrations of extract accelerate the wound healing process by decreasing the surface area of the wound and increases the muscle tensile strength. Out of tested ointments, 5% w/w concentration showed comparative activity with the standard. Hence, natural Citrus aurantium peel-based ointment is an alternative ointment in wound healing.
Physical human Activity, Immunity and COVID-19
Authors: Mutar Mahdi Batool
Published: March 2023

Background: The global threat of COVID-19 outbreak and on the 11 March 2020, WHO acknowledged that the virus would likely spread to all countries across the globe and declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic which is the fifth pandemic since 20 century and this has brought human lives to a sudden and complete lockdown and the confirmed cases of this disease and deaths continue to rise in spite of people around the world are taking important actions to mitigate and decrease transmission and save lives. Objectives: To assess the effect of exercise and physical activity on the immunity against COVID-19. Methods: Collected electronic databases including (Medline, EMBASE, Google Scholar, PubMed and Web of Science) were searched without language restrictions to recognize all studies and reports on sports and physical activity related to COVID-19 due to alterations in the immune parameters. Results: Physical activity including sports and exercise induces obvious immune responses in many elements of the immune system whether transient or permanent that had a role in defense reaction against infection like COVID-19. This mediated through the nervous and endocrine systems that play a key role in determining exercise induced immune changes. Massive impact sports have on every aspect of our lives. Conclusions: Mild to moderate sports leads to stimulate an immune system that can subside COVID-19 infection and keep each other safe until this outbreak subsides and life is back to being greater than ever.