bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface-induced phase transitions in thin films of dendrimer block copolymers
Authors: Lin Bo , Zheng Chen , Zhu Qingying , Xie Fang
Published: March 2020

The phase morphologies and phase transitions of dendrimer block copolymer thin films confined between two homogeneous, planar hard substrates had been investigated by a three-dimensional real space self-consistent field theory (SCFT). From the perspectives of property and strength of the preferential substrate, when the film system confined within neutral substrates, the thinner film was easier to take the undulated and perpendicular cylinder phases. For the attractive preference of the substrate on block segment A, the polymer films tended to take the surface-wetting structures that was composed by block segment A. On the contrary, for the repulsive preference of the substrate on block segment A, a phase transition of cylinder-lamellae could be observed increasing with the relative surface strength of the preferential substrate.
Analysis, Assessment and Early Warning of Mudflow Disasters along the Shigatse Section of the China–Nepal Highway
Authors: Xiao Liming , Zhang Yonghong , Ge Taotao , Wang Chen , Wei Ming
Published: March 2020

China–Nepal Highway is an important international passage connecting China and Nepal. Owing to its location in a complex mountainous area in the Qinghai– Tibet Plateau, the Shigatse section of the China–Nepal Highway is often impacted and troubled by mudflow. In order to effectively conduct road construction and maintenance and improve early disaster-warning capability, the relationship between various hazard factors and disaster points was analysed. It is found that four factors such as slope, precipitation, soil type and digital elevation have the strongest correlation with the occurrence of the disasters. From the distribution of disaster points, it is observed that the disaster point is closely related to the slope, its local correlation with precipitation is good and the its local correlation with the soil type and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data is significant. In order to quantitatively evaluate the susceptibility of mudflow disasters in the Shigatse region, this paper uses the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) as the main analysis method supplemented by the fuzzy clustering method. The results show that the slope, when accompanied by heavy rainfall, is the most important factor among four factors. In this paper, the neural network method is used to establish the identification and early warning model of mudflow susceptibility. When the recognition rate reaches 66% or above, it can be used as an early-warning threshold for mudflow disasters. This study has conducted a useful exploration of the research, assessment and early warning of mudflow disasters along the Shigatse section of the China–Nepal Highway.
Redefining proteostasis transcription factors in organismal stress responses, development, metabolism, and health
Authors: Jones Laura M. , Chen Yannic , van Oosten-Hawle Patricija
Published: March 2020

Eukaryotic organisms have evolved complex and robust cellular stress response pathways to ensure maintenance of proteostasis and survival during fluctuating environmental conditions. Highly conserved stress response pathways can be triggered and coordinated at the cell-autonomous and cell-nonautonomous level by proteostasis transcription factors, including HSF1, SKN-1/NRF2, HIF1, and DAF-16/FOXO that combat proteotoxic stress caused by environmental challenges. While these transcription factors are often associated with a specific stress condition, they also direct “noncanonical” transcriptional programs that serve to integrate a multitude of physiological responses required for development, metabolism, and defense responses to pathogen infections. In this review, we outline the established function of these key proteostasis transcription factors at the cell-autonomous and cell-nonautonomous level and discuss a newly emerging stress responsive transcription factor, PQM-1, within the proteostasis network. We look beyond the canonical stress response roles of proteostasis transcription factors and highlight their function in integrating different physiological stimuli to maintain cytosolic organismal proteostasis.
Radiofrequency ablation triggers the migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by suppressing miR-148a-5p
Authors: Wang Haicun , Cao Yang , Hu Kaiwen , Li Quanwang , Yang Yufei , Wang Lanrong , Qin Xiaoyan , Qiao Bingli , Cheng Liuqi , Li Peipei , Dui Weihua
Published: March 2020

Increasing evidences suggest that insufficient radiofrequency ablation (IRFA) can paradoxically promote tumor invasion and metastatic processes, whereas the effects of moderate hyperthermia on cancer progression are not well illustrated. Our study found that IRFA can increase the in vitro migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells via induction of Snail, a master regulator of EMT events. Among measured miRNAs, IRFA can decrease the expression of miR-148a-5p in HCC cells. Whereas overexpression of miR-148a-5p can reverse IRFA-induced migration of HCC cells and upregulation of Snail, mechanistically overexpression of miR-148a-5p can directly target and decrease the expression of protein kinase ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated), which can increase protein stability of Snail. Collectively, our data suggest that IRFA can regulate the miR-148a-5p/ATM/Snail axis to trigger migration of HCC cells.
Gödels ontologischer Gottesbeweis im Kontext der Systematischen Theologie
Authors: Alles Thorben
Published: March 2020

Kurt Gödels Ontological Proof von 1970 ist einer der bedeutendsten Beweise der Existenz Gottes unserer Zeit. Die Formulierung in formaler Logik erschwert erstens das Verständnis und scheint zweitens einen unbedingten Wahrheitsbezug zu implizieren. Seit seiner Veröffentlichung bis heute wurde sich auf vielfältige Weise mit dem Beweis auseinandergesetzt und dazu publiziert. Allerdings fehlt bislang eine theologische – insbesondere eine protestantisch-theologische – Auseinandersetzung. Dieser Aufsatz soll eine systematische Übersicht über die bisherige Forschung sowie eine Einführung und Erläuterung des Beweises geben. Der theologische Forschungsbeitrag besteht hierbei vor allem in einer Relativierung einiger mit dem Beweis und seiner Rezeption verbundenen Ansprüche.
PUREZA LINGUÍSTICA X ALTERNÂNCIA RACIOCINADA DE LÍNGUAS: IDEOLOGIAS LINGUÍSTICAS SOBRE O ENSINO DE LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA
Authors: Medeiros da Rosa Aires Débora , Ferreira Mozzillo Isabella
Published: March 2020

Os aspectos ideológicos são constituintes dos processos de significação social e dos usos da linguagem. Ao ensinar e/ou aprender uma língua exercem fundamental influência as ideologias linguísticas de todos os sujeitos envolvidos. Del Valle (2007) define as ideologias linguísticas como sistemas de ideias que articulam noções de linguagem, línguas, fala e comunicação com formações culturais, políticas e sociais específicas. O processo de tornar as representações sociolinguísticas naturalizadas e normalizadas se articula e se apoia em ideologemas, que são os postulados ou máximas que funcionam como pressupostos do discurso e que embasam e guiam as ideologias (ARNOUX; DEL VALLE, 2010). Objetiva-se propor reflexões acerca de ideologias linguísticas implicadas na relação entre a língua portuguesa como língua materna e a língua espanhola como língua estrangeira. Os ideologemas apresentados demonstram haver múltiplas visões sobre o contato de línguas, a presença, a função e o uso do português nas aulas de espanhol. Em alguns momentos, a proximidade e a alternância entre as línguas são vistas como facilitadoras, como um auxílio para a compreensão e o desenvolvimento de muitas competências na língua estrangeira. Já em outros momentos, há um destaque para a necessidade de separação entre as línguas para que a aprendizagem não sofra interferências e há a aspiração por um ideal de pureza linguística, como se pudesse haver uma construção de conhecimentos limpa, ou seja, sem a mácula das influências de elementos externos ao sistema linguístico.Palavras-chave: Ideologias linguísticas; ideologemas; línguas em contato; ensino de língua estrangeira.
RELAÇÕES ENTRE EXPERIÊNCIA DE LEITURA, HABILIDADES LINGUÍSTICAS E ACESSO LEXICAL NA L2
Authors: Cassol Rigatti Pietra , Arêas da Luz Fontes Ana Beatriz
Published: March 2020

A literatura aponta a importância da experiência de leitura para o desenvolvimento de uma L1 e o aprendizado de uma L2, em especial ao se tratar do acesso lexical em uma L2. Além disso, as habilidades de leitura e de escrita são aprimoradas, podendo influenciar uma à outra. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as relações entre a experiência de leitura em L2, as habilidades autoavaliadas de leitura e de escrita em L2 e o acesso lexical em L2. Para tanto, 82 estudantes universitários bilíngues português-inglês responderam um questionário de histórico de uso de língua e um de hábitos de leitura em L2 e realizaram uma tarefa de decisão de significado na sua L2, em que decidiam se uma palavra-alvo era relacionada semanticamente a uma palavra-prime. Os resultados indicaram correlações negativas fracas entre as medidas de acesso lexical na L2 e as habilidades de leitura e escrita na L2; correlações positivas fracas entre a experiência de leitura em L2 e as habilidades de leitura e escrita na L2; e correlação positiva e moderada entre as habilidades de leitura e de escrita. Não houve correlação significativa entre o acesso lexical na L2 e a experiência de leitura na L2, o que foi inesperado. Esses achados corroboram a Hipótese da Qualidade Lexical, a Hipótese do Atraso de Frequência e estudos que relacionam os processos de leitura e escrita. A ausência da correlação entre acesso lexical na L2 e experiência de leitura na L2 difere da literatura e é discutida relativamente a falhas metodológicas.Palavras-chave: Experiência de leitura; habilidades linguísticas; acesso lexical; bilinguismo.
Association between obesity and venous thromboembolism
Authors: Hotoleanu Cristina
Published: March 2020

Background and aims. Obesity is associated with numerous pathological conditions, including venous thromboembolism (VTE). VTE is a multifactorial disease; more than half of the hospitalized patients are at risk for VTE.

We aimed to assess the risk of VTE associated with obesity, taking into account the class of obesity (according to the body mass index), gender, age and the intervention of other acquired risk factors.

Method. A case-control study including 732 patients was designed. Collected data included: age, gender, body mass index, pregnancy/ postpartum state, use of hormonal therapy, personal and family history of VTE, smoking, prolonged immobilization and the presence of comorbidities- acquired risk factors for VTE. The risk of VTE was expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to detect the independent risk factors. P value < 0.05 was considered significant statistic.

Results. Obesity was associated with a 6.2- fold increased risk for VTE. The risk of VTE associated with obesity was highest in patients aged >50 years and in cases included in classes II and III of obesity. The interaction between obesity and another acquired risk factor has almost doubled the risk of VTE. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed obesity as an independent risk factor for VTE for both female and male patients.

Conclusion. Obesity is an independent and moderate risk factor for VTE. The risk increases with body mass index, age and the presence of other acquired risk factors.
Local staging of prostate cancer with multiparametric-MRI: accuracy and inter-reader agreement
Authors: Popita Cristian , Popiţa Anca-Raluca , Andrei Adina , Rusu Adriana , Petruţ Bogdan , Kacso Gabriel , Bungărdean Cătălina , Bolog Nicolae , Coman Ioan
Published: March 2020

Background. The accuracy of prostate cancer local staging at the time of diagnosis directly influences patient prognosis and treatment.

Aim. To evaluate the diagnostic performance and interobserver variability of mp-MRI in local staging of prostate cancer, using the histopathologic findings at prostatectomy as the reference standard.

Methods. Fifty patients (mean age 64.4±7.2) with biopsy confirmed prostate cancer were included in this prospective study. All patients were examined with mp-MRI before radical prostatectomy and images were read by three independent radiologists. Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy rate were calculated and compared for all three readers. Interobserver agreement was evaluated using Kappa Cohen coefficient of agreement.

Results. The overall Se, Sp, PPV, NPV and accuracy rates for detecting extraprostatic tumor extension (EPE) ranged between 76.5-94.1%, 45.5-84.9%, 43.8-76.2%, 83.3-96.6% and 58-88%. For evaluation of seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), the overall Se, Sp, PPV, NPV and accuracy rates ranged between 57.1-85.7%, 86.1-97.7%, 40.0-85.7%, 92.5-97.7% and 82-96%, respectively. The overall Kappa Cohen coefficient of agreement varied between 0.349-0.638 for EPE and between 0.507-0.668 for SVI.

Conclusions. Our results showed that 1.5T mp-MRI is a reliable method for local staging of prostate cancer, with good diagnostic performance in detecting EPE and SVI. The overall interobserver agreement rates between readers with the same level of experience in prostate MRI ranged from fair to good in the evaluation of EPE and from moderate to good for the assessment of SVI.

 

Conclusions. Our results showed that 1.5T mp-MRI is a reliable method for local staging of prostate cancer, with good diagnostic performance in detecting EPE and SVI. The overall interobserver agreement rates between readers with the same level of experience in prostate MRI ranged from fair to good in the evaluation of EPE and from moderate to good for the assessment of SVI.
ТРАНСНАЦІОНАЛІЗАЦІЯ АГРАРНОГО СЕКТОРУ ЕКОНОМІКИ: ОСНОВНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ПРОЦЕСУ
Authors: ШУБРАВСЬКА Олена
Published: March 2020

Виявлено основні тенденції процесу транснаціоналізації аграрного сектору економіки. Показано, що у ланцюжок створення вартості у світовому агробізнесі включаються власне сільськогосподарські ТНК, а також ті, які обслуговують аграрну діяльність і пов’язані з нею (постачання сільськогосподарської техніки, обладнання, насіння і добрив, переробка, оптова і роздрібна торгівля). Розкрито, що діяльність ТНК в аграрній сфері дедалі більше зосереджується на високоприбуткових, близьких до аграрного, сегментах глобального ланцюжка. Це призводить до посилення припливу до аграрної сфери раніше не пов’язаного з нею капіталу, а також не дозволяє чітко розмежувати суто сільськогосподарські та інші із згаданих ТНК. Зазначено, що агропродовольчий комплекс України в цілому істотною мірою залучений у процес транснаціоналізації, причому входження іноземного капіталу має тенденцію до нарощування. Підвищується концентрація сільськогосподарських земель ТНК та їх структурами шляхом придбання або поглинання українських агрокомпаній. Порівняння основних проявів процесів транснаціоналізації та холдингізації аграрного сектору України (зокрема, залучення корпорацій до глобального фінансового простору, в тому числі й як інвесторів, відносно вищий рівень їх технічної оснащеності та інноваційної активності, переважно експортоорієнтована діяльність тощо) дозволяють зробити висновок про їх подібність.Посилення присутності в аграрному секторі України зазначених структур мало ряд економічних позитивів. Проте при цьому відсутні достатні підстави вважати, що прихід іноземного капіталу у вітчизняний аграрний сектор дозволить значно збільшити створення доданої вартості та масштаби інноваційної діяльності. Відкритим також залишається питання щодо співвідношення можливих економічних вигод і збитків від порушення корпораціями принципів екологічної та соціальної стійкості агровиробництва. Наголошено, що значною мірою характер діяльності корпоративних структур, у тому числі й ТНК, у межах національних аграрних комплексів зумовлений прийнятими і дотримуваними в кожній конкретній країні нормами.
СПЕЦИФІКА ВАРТІСНОГО ВИМІРУ ЦІННОСТІ ЕКОСИСТЕМНИХ ПОСЛУГ ПРИ ВИЗНАЧЕННІ ЗБИТКУ ВІД ЗАБРУДНЕННЯ НАВКОЛИШНЬОГО ПРИРОДНОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА
Authors: ВЕКЛИЧ Оксана
Published: March 2020

Проведено формалізацію економічного збитку від погіршення або знищення екосистемних послуг, на основі якої встановлено його вихідний складник – показник шкоди, завданої екосистемним товарам і послугам як активам природного капіталу. Уперше розкрито змістове наповнення економічного збитку від втрат екосистемних товарів і послуг як вартісного оцінювання сумарної величини завданої їм шкоди (1), обсягу відповідних суспільних витрат і фінансових ресурсів для заміщення певних видів екосистемних послуг, втрачених повністю або частково (2), витрат, необхідних для запобігання шкоді від негативних соціоекономічних і екологічних наслідків втрат екосистемних послуг (3) та усунення цих втрат (4), а також упущеної вигоди від втрачених можливостей (доходу) через деградовані екосистемні послуги і зумовлених цим суспільних витрат (5). Обґрунтовано, що при визначенні загального показника економічного збитку від забруднення навколишнього природного середовища за екосистемними об’єктами його ключовим параметром є саме вартісна оцінка цінності екосистемних послуг на основі економічної оцінки деградаційних змін екосистем-продуцентів. Представлено послідовну параметризацію економічної цінності екосистемних послуг; узагальнено прикладні результати вартісного оцінювання екосистемних послуг, які становлять опорну методичну допомогу для аналогічного оцінювання іншими розробниками, зокрема професійними оцінювачами, ліцензованими Міністерством екології та природних ресурсів України.Уведено в науковий обіг положення щодо визначення економічної цінності екосистемних послуг та їх внеску в добробут, які прописані в чотирьох найважливіших конститутивних офіційних документах, розроблених у 2012–2017 рр. Статистичною комісією ООН, ФАО, МВФ і Світовим банком.Уперше здійснено розрахунок орієнтовної вартості екосистемних послуг басейну річки Дніпро в межах України, в тому числі Київської області, а також встановлено подвійне перевищення вартості послуг екосистем Київської області (як регіону басейну середньої течії Дніпра) над величиною регіонального валового продукту за однаковий часовий період. Доведено необхідність урахування вагомого внеску екосистемних послуг у суспільний дохід (або, навпаки, їх втрат) з метою створення науково вірогідної основи для прийняття обґрунтованіших і достовірніших практичних рішень при формуванні та реалізації соціально-економічної й екологічної політики.
ОХОРОНА ПРАВ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЇ ВЛАСНОСТІ В ГЛОБАЛЬНИХ ПРОЦЕСАХ РОЗВИТКУ ЦИФРОВОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ
Authors: ХАУСТОВ Володимир
Published: March 2020

Показано, що рівень розвитку цифрових технологій відіграє визначальну роль у конкурентоспроможності окремих країн та регіонів. Лідерами створення і впровадження ІКТ стали розвинуті країни та держави Південно-Східної Азії.Обґрунтовано, що перехід до цифрової економіки розглядається як рушійна сила інноваційно орієнтованого економічного зростання, якщо створено сприятливі умови для інституційного та бізнес-середовища, трансформації систем охорони інтелектуальної власності, включення до глобальних ланцюжків створення доданої власності. Виграш у таких ланцюжках отримують компанії та країни, які володіють значними ресурсами у вигляді нематеріальних активів. Розвиток цифрової економіки неможливий без створення міцного аналогового фундаменту: нормативно-правової бази, вагомого людського капіталу, спеціальних інститутів електронного управління.Систематизовано сучасні тенденції трансформації правовідносин у сфері охорони інтелектуальної власності, а також структуризації об’єктів і суб’єктів права промислової власності та авторського і суміжного прав. Спостерігається як посилення захисту особистих немайнових (моральних) прав творців інтелектуальних цінностей, так і подальша комерціалізація майнових (економічних) прав. На рівні держави необхідно забезпечити баланс між захистом авторського права і пріоритетними напрямами державної політики у сферах освіти, досліджень, інновацій тощо.Україна не є активним учасником глобальних ланцюжків створення доданої вартості, попри наявний потенціал. Результати аналізу складових Глобального індексу конкурентоспроможності дозволили виявити сильні та слабкі сторони України, зокрема, достатньо високі рейтингові позиції та оцінки нематеріальних активів, безпосередньо пов’язаних з процесами цифровізації, але загрозливо низькі позиції при оцінюванні інституційного середовища, макроекономічної стабільності та фінансової системи.Ключовою стратегією підвищення глобальної конкурентоспроможності України мають стати цифровізація країни, формування внутрішнього ринку ІКТ, включення до глобальних ланцюжків створення доданої вартості.
Tawḥīd Ḥākimiyyah Verses In Ibn ‘Āshūr’s Interpretation
Authors: Munthe Saifuddin Herlambang
Published: March 2020

This paper discusses Ibn 'Āshūr's interpretation of the verses which serve as the basis of the Tawḥīd ḥākimiyyah concept. Despitebeing an expert in Islamic law, Ibn ‘Āshūr did not perceive the Tawḥīd ḥākimiyyah verses as a basis for the necessity to apply Shari'a law at the level of government. Perhaps the thought of "hākimiyyatullāh" had not developed in the time of Ibn 'Āshūr. Another reason, Ibn ‘Āshūr used a linguistic-sociological contextual approach when interpreting the verses claimed to be the basis of the Tawḥīd ḥākimiyyah concept. With this approach, Ibn ‘Āshūr did not use the Tawḥīd ḥākimiyyah verse to judge the behavior of the Muslims because in fact these verses were revealed to explain the behavior of the polytheists who opposed Islamic da'wah.
AL-QUR’AN ANTARA WAHYU AURAL DAN KODIFIKASI ‘UTHMĀNĪ
Authors: Azizy Jauhar , Sairi Muhammad
Published: March 2020

This study will begin by discussing the history of the Qur’an, the Qur’an as a revelation, the history of the writing of the Qur’an and the content of the discussion of the Qur’an. By describing what the initial scriptures were written about and when the general codification of the Koran was agreed upon became the main global reference, it could be understood by educated people, especially the laity. As we already know that the Koran in general is initially a complex thing, meaning that the process of occurrence requires stages that are not instantaneous. Various concepts related to the scriptures, such as “God, Angels, Revelations, Prophets,” are often understood as taken forgranted. Likewise the process of revelation of the Qur’an, such as narration, writing, gathering and opening, is often not a concern. This paper intends to discuss the Qur’an from a Historical-Theological perspective. Other things accepted in dogma, such as God's word, verse structure, spelling, and structure of the text, are questioned again by positioning in the historical context at the time the revelation was revealed and then written. The emphasis of this paper is on the process of sacralization of the Koran having a long journey and intersecting with the historical events of the Muslims between the aural and the codification of ‘Uthmānī. Briefly, outlining the history of revelation and writing of the Koran becomes a “holy book” for religious communities. The process of sacralization of the "holy book" cannot be separated from the increasingly mature written tradition of human life that is complex. But does not deny the tradition of previous writings, such as the Bible or books of the Jews and Christians. Because the tradition of writing al-Qur’an is imitating from previous books. Is that right?.
Complex regional pain syndrome secondary to sacrococcygeal dislocation following trauma to the lumbosacral region. Case report
Authors: Torres-Salguero Iván , Rubiano Andrés Mariano
Published: March 2020

Introduction: The complex regional pain síndrome (CRPS) is a rare condition characterized by inflammatory, vasomotor and central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Its clinical presentation can be subacute, acute or chronic, and may have severe effects on the patient’s quality of life.Case description: 21-year-old female patient with trauma in the lumbosacral region associated with pain and functional limitation. Diagnostic imaging showed sacrococcygeal dislocation with subsequent inflammatory and acute and chronic autonomic symptoms that were treated medically and surgically. The patient responded to treatment with long-term improvement of the symptoms.Discussion: In this case, CRPS occurred after trauma and caused subacute symptoms that became even more acute until reaching a chronic presentation. Inflammation, vasomotor dysfunction and CNS involvement made this case a multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.Conclusion: CRPS is a rare disease that is difficult to diagnose. However, diagnosis should be timely in order to initiate personalized treatment, since this disease considerably affects the patient’s quality of life.
Management of Enamel Hypomineralization with Resin Infiltration Technique: A Clinical Case Report
Authors: Şişmanoğlu DDS, PhD Soner
Published: March 2020

Defects that occur during the development of anterior teeth are often associated with aesthetic problems. Although enamel hypomineralization does not significantly increase the risk of caries, it causes patients to experience psychosocial problems. A 23-year-old female patient presented to our clinic complaining of white opacity and discolorations in her anterior teeth.  After the systemic and dental anamnesis of the patient, minimally invasive treatment of resin infiltration was planned. In addition, anterior composite resin restorations with impaired color matching was renewed. The patient was recalled 13 months after the treatment. A significant decrease was observed in the appearance of enamel hypomineralizations. The patient was satisfied with the outcome of the treatment. Furthermore, the durability of the treatment after 13 months is satisfactory.
Угорські запозичення в західноукраїнських топонімічних переказах
Authors: МУШКЕТИК ЛЕСЯ
Published: March 2020

The oral folk prose of Transcarpathia is a valuable source of history and culture of the region. Supplementing the written sources, it has maintained popular attitudes towards events, giving assessments and interpretations that are often different from the official one. In the Ukrainian oral tradition, we find many words borrowed from other languages, in particular Hungarian, which reflects the long period of cohabitation as well as shared historical events and contacts. They also occur in local toponymic legends, which in their own way explain the origin of the local names and are closely linked with the life and culture of the region, contain a lot of ethnographic, historical, mythological, and other information. They are represented mainly by lexical borrowings, Hungarian proper names and realities, which were transformed, absorbed and modified in another system, and, among other things, has served the originality of the Transcarpathian folklore. The process of borrowing the Hungarianisms is marked by heterochronology and a significant degree of assimilation in the receiving environment.

It is known about the long-lasting contacts of the Hungarians with Rus at the time of birth of the homeland - the Honfoglalás, as evidenced by the current geographical names associated with the heroes of the events of that time - the leaders of uprisings Attila, Almash, Prince Latorets (the legends Almashivka, About the Laborets and the White Horse Mukachevo Castle). In the names of toponymic legends and writings there are mentions of the famous Hungarian leaders, the leaders of the uprisings - King Matthias Corvinus, Prince Ferenc Rákóczi II, Lajos Kossuth (the legends Matyashivka, Bovtsar, Koshutova riberiya). Many names of villages, castles and rivers originate from Hungarian lexemes and are their derivatives, explaining the name itself (narratives Sevlyuskyy castle, Gotar, village Gedfork). The times of the Tatar invasion were reflected in the legends The Great Ravine Bovdogovanya and The village Goronda. Sometimes, the nomination is made up of two words - Ukrainian and Hungarian (Mount Goverla, Canyon Grobtedie). In legends, one can find mythological and legendary elements.

The process of borrowing Hungarianisms into Ukrainian is marked by heterochronology, meanwhile borrowings remain unchanged only partially, and in general, they are assimilated in accordance with the phonetic and morphological rules of the Ukrainian language. Consequently, this is a creative process, caused by a number of different factors - social, ethnocultural, aesthetic, etc. In the course of time, events and characters in oral narratives are erased from human memory, so they can be mixed, modified and updated, adapting to new realities.
Лексичні засоби позначення дитячого віку в писемних пам’ятках української мови ХVІ-ХVІІІ ст.
Authors: ЗЕЛІНСЬКА ОКСАНА
Published: March 2020

Research devoted to childhood as a social-cultural phenomenon has become more active in present-day science. Scientists study some peculiarities of the perception of child and childhood by society in different historical epochs, try to fix childhood limits and to define age periods within child age, and make a conclusion that in many cases, periods of man's life are correlated with social roles of people rather than with biological age, and they were formed under the influence of social institutes developing together with the evolution of society.

The present paper analyzes lexical means used in written records of the Ukrainian language in the 16th-18th centuries to denote child age and express the concept of an age differentiation of childhood. The written records of the Ukrainian language of different genres in the mentioned period were the sources of the research: e.g. business language records, P. Berynda's dictionary, religious texts, sermons, and poetic works.

Lexical units expressing child age to denote childhood as an age period of man's life and general names originating from colloquial language and taken from Church Slavonic were used to denote children. Written sources confirm an active use of hypocoristic forms.

The lack of a clear classification of childhood into separate age periods is seen in the system of children's names. Most of the general names denoting children did not represent an age gradation of childhood and only some words were special names of a child expressing an age characteristic: those were the names of a newly-born child and a baby.

Some adjectives combination with nouns to denote children indicated a relative age characteristic (little, minor) but the contexts in which phrases with the adjective little were used did not give a reason to distinguish between a little child and a young man.

In several sources, a seven-year period was classified as a special stage in a child's life, first of all, due to religious practice. According to Christian tradition, a child was considered to have no sins until the age of 7 since he or she cannot distinguish between good and bad. After that, he or she had to shrive. In secular practice, the age of 7 became the time when a child would be sent to an educational institution. The texts of pedagogical orientation prove the synonymy of common names denoting children with special names of the individuals who get education.

A differentiation according to an age characteristic “adulthood” vs. “minority” can be seen clearly, which is explained by the legal status of an adult and, correspondingly, is expressed by the corresponding lexical denotations. The vocabulary denoting this age period is mostly represented by sources written in business language.

One can see that lexical semantics, with help of which child age is marked in records of the Ukrainian language in the 16th-18th centuries, gives a general concept of childhood common for Ukrainian and European social communities of that time.
Polarization Observables in WZ Production at the 13 TeV LHC: Inclusive Case
Authors: Baglio Julien , Le Duc Ninh
Published: March 2020

We present a study of the polarization observables of the $W$ and $Z$ bosons in the process \(p p \to W^\pm Z\to e^\pm \nu_e \mu^+\mu^-\) at the 13 TeV Large Hadron Collider. The calculation is performed at next-to-leading order, including the full QCD corrections as well as the electroweak corrections, the latter being calculated in the double-pole approximation. The results are presented in the helicity coordinate system adopted by ATLAS and for different inclusive cuts on the di-muon invariant mass. We define left-right charge asymmetries related to the polarization fractions between the \(W^+ Z\) and \(W^- Z\) channels and we find that these asymmetries are large and sensitive to higher-order effects. Similar findings are also presented for charge asymmetries related to a P-even angular coefficient.
Applying the international esco concept to energy saving projects in the energy production sector in northwest Russia
Authors: Honkanen Hannariina
Published: March 2020

The economy of the Russian Federation and its growth rate currently depend greatly on thecountry's fuel and energy industry and actual development of the business. To maintain theenergy production at least at the present level, capacity must be increased by several gigawattsannually. This sets up an extensive need for investments. One effective solution to theproblem is the realization of energy saving investments, which have very high potential inRussia.The EU project FRESCO (I 0/2003-12/2005), administered by Lappeenranta University ofTechnology, studies the possibilities to promote Finnish energy business in Northwest Russia.The project examines the ESCO concept that is proposed and anticipated to be a potentialfinance tool in energy saving projects in the target area. The international ESCO businessaims at finding solutions to the following problems: the lack of investments, undevelopedtechnology in use, ineffective energy systems, bureaucracy and risks.Potential and feasible ESCO project targets in energy production include a new pre-furnacefor utilization of bio fuels, a new economizer and a boiler automation upgrade. In the nearfuture - when markets exist - the ESCO concept could also be a finance tool in utilizing wastein energy production. For example bio waste from sawmills has significant potential as fuelfor local boilers.Through energy efficiency projects, greenhouse gas em1ss10ns can also be reduced. Theinternational climate policy brings in its own possibilities to finance energy investments andclimate projects. Russia ratified the Kyoto Protocol in February 2005 and can therefore takepart in international emissions trading in 2008 if the country observes the provisions of theProtocol concerning emission reduction units. Alternatives for carbon finance options couldbe, in addition to international emissions trading, Joint Implementation projects and GISprojects, in which so called "hot air" is utilized.
Biowaste recycling technologies in Latvia
Authors: Mezapuke Kristina , Bendere Rute , Zarina Dz. , Dubova L.
Published: March 2020

Protection of environment is a worldwide problem. Generation of organic waste is increasingand strategies for its environmentally sound use must be developed and optimised.Accumulation of great quantities of organic wastes leads to the serious environmentalproblems: polluted water, contaminated soils, polluted air and solid wastes. Waste watertreatment plants produce in large quantities sewage sludge. Among the different types ofmunicipal organic wastes sewage sludge is the main product.Waste Management plan for Latvia sets that disposed biodegradable waste amount till 2010must not exceed 75 % from the biodegradable waste amount disposed in 1995. Proposal forthe Strategy on biodegradable waste management were elaborated by Waste ManagementAssociation of Latvia (WMAL), and in collaboration with Institute of Microbiology andBiotechnology, University of Latvia an approbation of organic municipal waste compostingtechnologies is performed in the frames of LIFE - ENVIRONMENT program project in Rigadistrict.
Environmental qualification of ash from wood-based recycled fuels for utilization in covers for landfills
Authors: Sjöblom Rolf , Tham Gustav , Haglund Jan-Erik , Sjöö Cecilia
Published: March 2020

Combustion of recycled fuels as well as incineration of waste are excellent means to generate heat and to convert redundant objects and spent items to a form that readily lends itself to sampling and characterization, Many harmful substances may be efficiently destroyed in the process and others, such as heavy metals, may become concentrated, Consequently, it is necessary that any decision on the future fate of an ash volume be based on the content (as checked by chemical analysis) as well as on the availability (as checked by leach tests) of possibly hazardous substances, However, in the case of heavy metals in ash, an assessment based on content - and by direct application of the existing legislation - is essentially impossible to carry out in practice, The reason is that the chemical form is very complex and cannot readily be associated with the substances appearing in the data bases on hazardousness of chemical substances, Another major concern is that the assessments need be valid for very long times while the time spans available for measurements and experiments is very short in comparison, A methodology to cope with these issues has been developed and applied in a project on utilization of ash in covers, including seals, for landfills, At present, four hectares of old domestic waste have been protected at Telge Atervinning AB (Telge Recycling Plant) in a full scale test and the plans for the subsequent step include another eleven hectares, The ash originates from recycled wood based fuel (also containing paper and plastics) combusted for district heating purposes at Soderenergi AB (lgelstaverket), It was found that it is possible to identify reference substances which appear in the data bases on hazardousness and which represent the actual chemical form of the various elements in a conservative manner, In order for such an approach to be valid and robust, it was found necessary that a knowledge base on chemical composition and speciation be developed and compiled, The knowledge base is also used for predictions of the future properties and behaviour of the ash in terms of content and availability of hazardous substances as well as and permeability The Swedish legislation is the prerequisites for the work together with the National strategy of the thousand year perspective as expressed by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Our legislation is based on that of the European Union and is thus very similar in a number of countries.
Kinetics of phenol degradation by selected bacterial strains with different genetic properties
Authors: Viggor Signe , Heinaru Eeva , Truu Jaak , Heinaru Ain
Published: March 2020

The major environmental problem in the northeastern Estonia is the semi-coke mounds in oilshale industry areas, Alternatives to the chemical methods (sorption, ozonation) for removingxenobiotic compounds from leachate are biological methods, like bioaugmentation, where theproperly selected microorganisms are used. Determination of the kinetic constants (maximumspecific growth rates (µmax), lag times (A.), half saturation constants (Kso for oxygenatingactivity and Ksa for growth) and inhibition constants (Ki)) will give us information about therate of pollutant degradation and is the basis for the selection of the most effective bacteria forbioaugmentation. In phenol degradation the initial and rate-limiting enzyme is phenolhydroxylase, encoded by different genes, The aim of this work was to carry out a kineticstudy of the aerobic degradation of phenol using single strains (Pseudomonas mendocinaPC 1, P. fluorescens PC 18, PC20 and PC24) isolated from river water continuously pollutedwith phenolic compounds, The strains PC 1 and PC 18 contain genes for multicomponentphenol hydroxylase, whereas single-component phenol hydroxylase (pheBA operon)characterizes the strains PC20 and PC24, The phenol-oxygenating activity (Kso) was obtainedfrom substrate-dependent oxygen uptake data (oxygen concentrations were measured with aClark-type oxygen electrode) using Michaelis-Mentens model. Specific growth rates µ andlag times). were calculated from absorbance growth curves on phenol concentrations 0,2-10.6mM and the growth kinetic constants (µmax, Ksa, Ki) were estimated using Haldanes, Edwardsand Aiba-Edwards model. The Kso values for phenol were one order of magnitude lower instrains PC 1 and PC 18 than in strains PC20 and PC24.
Sludge and waste water application for energy plantation - case study from Lodz region in Poland
Authors: Karczmarczyk Agnieszka , Komorowski Hubert , Mosiej Jozef
Published: March 2020

Within renewable energy sources available in Poland, biomass seems to have the largestpotential, estimated to 90%, About 70% of renewable energy should be obtained fromagricultural production of energy plants. Climatic conditions in Poland (vegetation period of210-215 days and precipitation of 500-700 mm) are profitable for willow plantation. Thenatural productivity can be as high as 14 Mg d,m. per ha, However, the productivity can beincreased by using waste water for irrigation and sludge for fertilisation,For decades an area of 4 500 ha of Ner River valley was used as a part of municipalwastewater treatment system for Lodz city, The valley has specific soil-water conditions withdeep sandy alluvial soils and shallow groundwater table. During the irrigation process theinflow of wastewater on an artificially formed border check infiltrates into the soil and fillsthe available porosity.Average outflow from wastewater treatment plant in Lodz (2 m3/s) and sludge dailyproduction of30 - 35 Mg d. m. (app, 170 Mg dewatering sludge) can be utilised on energybiomass plantation ( e.g. Salix Viminalis or grasslands) located in the Ner River valley
Adaptarse o sucumbir: estrategias de la Gobernación del departamento del Meta frente a los retos del Sistema General de Regalías colombiano
Authors: Fonseca María Alejandra Gutiérrez , Guzmán Alejandro Balanzó
Published: March 2020

Resumen En 2012 entra en vigencia el Sistema General de Regalías (SGR) transformando el entorno de la gestión territorial colombiana. Este artículo analiza la capacidad de adaptación de la Gobernación del Meta al SGR, considerando los múltiples retos administrativos y presupuestales que supuso su puesta en marcha. Para tal efecto, se desarrolla con el caso un modelo analítico comprensivo de enfoque sistémico, que detalla los alcances de la adaptación del Meta para lograr los beneficios de la reforma. Los resultados muestran contraste entre una respuesta inmediata relativamente satisfactoria a la situación emergente, frente a un alcance reducido en su traducción a ajustes organizacionales e institucionales estructurales.
Apical Displacement and Residual Root Canal Filling with Single-Cone After Post Space Preparation: A Micro-CT Analysis
Authors: Rosatto Camila Maria Peres de , Oliveira Lilian Vieira , Ferraz Danilo Cassiano , Soares Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira , Soares Carlos José , Moura Camilla Christian Gomes
Published: March 2020

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of residues after post space preparation (PSP) and establish whether the apical displacement of the gutta-percha was affected by the moments and methods of PSP in teeth filled by the single-cone technique. The root canals of 20 bovine incisor teeth were instrumented with Reciproc and filled with single-cone and AH Plus. The specimens were divided into 4 groups according to the moment and method of PSP (n=5): immediate with drill, immediate with thermoplasticizer, delayed with drill and delayed with thermoplasticizer. Micro-CT scans were performed before and after the PSP for residues of the root canal filling (1) and analysis of apical displacement (2). Data were analyzed by using 2-way repeated measurement ANOVA (1) and 2-way ANOVA (2) followed by the Tukey’s test (a=0.05). Significance effect on the residues percentage remaining for methods (p=0.044), for moments (p=0.006), for thirds repetition (p<0.001), and for interaction between methods and thirds (p<0.001), and moments and thirds (p=0.044). Significance effect on the apical displacement of root canal filing was detected for methods (p=0.008), however no difference was found between moments (p=0.617). In general, PSP using drill resulted in more homogeneous root canal preparation, mainly when made immediately. For all other combinations between methods and moments for PSP, the middle and apical thirds presented significant higher residues remaining. Thermo method performed in both moments and the drill method performed immediately had displacement in the apical direction, representing extrusion of the root filling material.
Effect of Using Biomimetic Analogs on Dentin Remineralization with Bioactive Cements
Authors: Sadoon Noha Y , Fathy Salma M , Osman Manal F
Published: March 2020

Abstract This study evaluated the impact of using biomimetic analogs (poly-acrylic acid and sodium tri-meta-phosphate) on dentin remineralization using two cement materials, the first is calcium silicate based and the second is calcium hydroxide based materials. Two standardized occlusal cavities (mesial and distal) were prepared within dentin after removal of occlusal enamel. Artificial demineralized dentin was induced through pH cycling (8 h in demineralizing and 16 h in remineralizing solutions). Demineralized cavities were divided into four groups; two groups received cement materials. The other groups were first treated with biomimetic analogs then restored with pulp cement materials. Teeth were sectioned buccolingually into two halves. Treated cavities with analogs were stored in simulated body fluid containing poly-acrylic acid. Untreated cavities were stored in simulated body fluid only. Ground unstained sections of demineralized dentin were examined using light microscope. Specimens were examined after 1, 6 and 12 weeks of storage using energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Vickers microhardness was evaluated. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze data statistically. Calcium silicate-based cement group with biomimetic analogs showed the highest statistically significant calcium and phosphorous wt% in addition to highest surface hardness values after 12 weeks of storage. Demineralized dentin ground sections showed increase in light zones after total period of storage. Calcium silicate-based cement showed the best ability to enrich the artificial carious dentin with ions for remineralization. Using biomimetic analogs had a significant impact on demineralized dentin surface hardness improvement.
¿Hacia la regulación postburocrática de los sistemas educativos latinoamericanos? Un análisis del discurso de los organismos multilaterales de la región en el período 2012-2018
Authors: Gorostiaga Jorge M.
Published: March 2020

RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es analizar de qué manera y en qué medida la retórica de los organismos multilaterales se alinea con la promoción de los modelos de regulación postburocráticos de la educación en el contexto latinoamericano. Enmarcado en la teoría de la regulación y en la noción de campo global de política educativa, este artículo busca contribuir a comprender el componente discursivo de la regulación transnacional. Se analizan documentos auspiciados por tres organismos multilaterales de nivel regional publicados entre 2012 y 2018: la Oficina Regional de Educación para América Latina y el Caribe de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (OREALC/UNESCO), el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) y la Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (OEI). El foco está puesto en comprender cómo se articula el discurso de estas agencias sobre el gobierno de la educación, así como sus vinculaciones con el contexto de producción y su carácter político, en el sentido de que expresa recomendaciones basadas en valores y no meramente técnicas. Se busca identificar los temas y enfoques dominantes, pero también las contradicciones, las variaciones, diferentes énfasis y planteos alternativos.