bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dampak Kebijakan Pembatasan Kegiatan Akibat Covid-19 Terhadap Kecepatan Perjalanan di Wilayah Sarbagita Dengan Menggunakan Google Maps Distance Matrix API
Authors: Sukmayasa I Made , Ariyanti Octaviani
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTThe Impact of the Covid -19 Activity Restriction Policy on Speed in Sarbagita Area Using Google Maps Distance Matrix API: The Sarbagita area has variations in dealing with Covid-19 with saveral policies from limiting community activities to implementing the concept of a new normal where international  tourism and education mobility excluded. This policy certainly has an impact on the activities of travelers. Data collection was performed using the Google Maps Distance Matrix API to obtain travel speed data for 24 hours from 22 June  to 8 September 2020. Descriptive quantitative analysis was deployed  to explain speed variations  through tables and graphs. Based on data analysis, it was found that at the beginning of the policy the average travel speed in the Sabagita area was higher than the travel speed after the restriction policy ended with decrease 0.4%-2.4%. In addition, there is fluctuation in peak hours based on travel speed data at the beginning of the implementation of the travel restriction policy and there is a equalibrium of activity travel patterns in which origin and destination due to the activities of the traveler has stabilized after the policy allows domestic tourists to go to Bali Island. These results are very important as material for evaluating policies that have been implemented regarding Covid-19 and transportation management in order to gain optimal results.Keywords: Covid-19; travel speed; google maps distance matrix API.ABSTRAKDaerah Sarbagita memiliki variasi dalam menghadapi Covid-19 dengan beberapa kebijakan dari  pembatasan kegiatan masyarakat sampai dengan penerapan konsep tatanan kehidupan baru di wilayah bali dimana sektor pariwisata dan pendidikan masih belum berjalan. Kebijakan ini tentunya berdampak pada aktivitas pelaku perjalanan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan Google Maps Distance Matrix API untuk mendapatkan data kecepatan perjalanan selama 24 jam dari tanggal 22 Juni-8 September 2020. Analisa kuantitatif deskriptif digunakan untuk memperoleh hasil kecepatan melalui tabel dan grafik. Dari hasil analisa data diperoleh bahwa pada awal kebijakan kecepatan perjalanan rata rata di wilayah Sabagita lebih tinggi dari pada kecepatan perjalanan setelah kebijakan pembatasan berakhir dimana kecepatan menurun sebesar 0.4%-2.4%. Selain itu, terjadi fluktuasi terhadap jam sibuk berdasarkan data kecepatan perjalanan pada awal penerapan kebijakan pembatasan perjalanan dan terjadinya keseimbangan pola perjalanan dimana asal dan tujuan akibat aktivitas pelaku perjalanan kembali stabil setelah kebijakan diizinkannya wisatawan domestik menuju Pulau Bali. Hasil ini sangat penting sebagai bahan evaluasi terhadap kebijakan yang telah diterpakan terkait Covid-19 dan manajemen transportasi untuk memperoleh hasil yang optimal. Kata Kunci: Covid-19; kecepatan perjalanan; google maps distance matrix API
Dampak Ekonomi Pengoperasian Transjakarta Ditinjau dari Persepsi Pengguna
Authors: Rita Kurniati Ni Luh Wayan
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTEconomic Impacts of Transjakarta Operation Judging from User Perception: The Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta has used a service purchase scheme for public transport operators known as Buy The Service. In this study, an analysis of the Transjakarta passenger perception index will be carried out in terms of the economic impact of the Transjakarta operation using cross tabulation analysis and community satisfaction index. The perception of 461 Transjakarta users shows that the value of Transjakarta services is 85.69 with very good criteria which indicates that Transjakarta users feel happy seen from the economic impact with the lowest average repair value, the lowest average value, the value, the lowest average score, the lowest, 3.8 integration between transportation, and the range of Transjakarta service areas.    Keywords: Transjakarta; Buy The Service; Perception Index.ABSTRAKPemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta telah menggunakan skema pembelian pelayanan kepada pihak operator angkutan umum yang di kenal dengan istilah Buy The Service. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan analisis terhadap indeks persepsi penumpang Transjakarta ditinjau dari dampak ekonomi dari pengoperasian Transjakarta menggunakan analisis tabulasi silang dan indeks kepuasan masyarakat. Persepsi dari 461 pengguna Transjakarta menunjukkan bahwa nilai pelayanan Transjakarta sebesar 85,69 dengan kriteria sangat baik yang mengindikasikan bahwa pengguna Transjakarta merasa bahagia dilihat dari dampak ekonomi dengan nilai rata-rata tertinggi  sebesar 3,85, Nilai terendah dan harus mendapat perhatian fokus perbaikan, yaitu integrasi antar angkutan, dan jangkauan wilayah pelayanan Transjakarta.Kata Kunci: Transjakarta; Buy The Service; Indek Persepsi
Restriction of public subjective rights to use the environment and freedom of economic activity – concessions and permits
Authors: Czech Katarzyna
Published: February 2021

Public subjective rights, as all rights and freedoms set out in the Polish legal order can, in principle, be restricted. Freedom of economic activity is a public subjective right regulated by the standards of the Constitution. In turn, the public subjective right to use the environment was regulated by the provisions of Article 4 of the Environmental Protection Law. In such a legal environment, concessions and permits treated as a restriction of public subjective right of constitutional rank can at the same time be limitations to the public subjective rights provided for in the relevant statutes. It should be noted that the less strategic the sphere of life of the state and citizens is, the gentler the form of restriction. It should be borne in mind, however, that the strategic importance of the state’s or citizens’ activity cannot be determined in isolation from the state’s obligation to protect the environment. This may also be applied to other legal goods, including the environment. However, special care is required in application with reference to the latter. Concessions and permits affect the enjoyment of public subjective right to the environment, both by entitiesengaged in a business activity and those affected by the said activity. This impact may differ and depends on whether a given permit or concession is granted or refused. However, both granting or refusing to grant them will result in restrictions of public subjective rights to use the environment.
Crediting donations towards the legitimate share according to the jurisdiction of the Krakow- and Lvov-based district courts in the Interwar period
Authors: Koredczuk Józef
Published: February 2021

The Austrian Civil Code (ABGB), which was in force in the districts of the courts based in Lvov and Krakow in the Interwar period, stipulated the principle of freedom of testing by the testator. That freedom, however, could harm the inheritance rights of the persons who were the nearest to the testator. The institution protecting the rights of these persons was the legitimate share which they were entitled to as heirs-at-law. The basis to assess the height of the legitim was the size of inheritance. However, while estimating thelegitimate share, donations which the heirs-at-law (persons entitled to the legitim), heirs and legatees had received from testators were taken into consideration as well. The ABGB provided that in the case where the legitim which the heirs-at-law were entitled to was depleted (not at full height) they could demand completion of it. Questions concerning which donations were taken into account and which were not while estimating the height of the legitim due to different practices in this respect were the subject of many courts’ adjudgments. The jurisprudence in this sphere was not uniform. It stipulated compensation of the depleted legitimate share both in kind (in the form of proportional part of the donation) and as a financial benefit, with time evolving towards the latter to a greater and greater extent.
Intimate relations in the workplace and sex harassment – remarks following the Supreme Court ruling of 23 January 2018, number III PK 13/17
Authors: Skowron Radosław T.
Published: February 2021

In the paper, the author, revolving around the Supreme Court’s ruling linking close human relations in the workplace to the deterioration of management practices, critically analyses the dominant viewpoint espousing the need to strike out intimate behaviours from organizations. The author points to the significant impact of management theories, feminist trends and managerialization of law on the escalating de-sexualization of the workplace. In the article, it is evidenced that the overbearing conviction about the negative impact of intimate and sexual bonds on the working relations demands reinterpretation. It is alsoshown that consideration of sexual and intimate behaviours in organizations, irrespective of sex structures in these organizations, may paradoxically contribute to sex discrimination. The author offers the idea to modify the rules of employers’ liability depending on the sex structure and the number of women holding positions of authority and responsibility.
The crime of the so-called prenatal injury and the question of non-punishability of the mother of a conceived child
Authors: Sobiech Jan
Published: February 2021

The article considers the crime of the so-called prenatal injury, which is stipulated in Article 157a of the Polish Criminal Code. The question of the possibility of unpunished interference of the mother in the body of her unborn child is undoubtedly an important and controversial aspect of modern criminal law, especially in the context of the principles of protecting human life and health. The article also touches on philosophical and legal subjects, namely the moment when a person is created and subsequently protected by the state and law. Finally, the article answers the question whether the current legal status should be maintained and how it could possibly be revised.
Metropolitan Union in the Pomorskie Voivodeship. Analysis of the Senate bill
Authors: Szlachetko Jakub H.
Published: February 2021

Reformy samorządu terytorialnego z lat 90. XX wieku stworzyły trójszczeblowy system samorządu terytorialnego. Rezultaty reform są odbierane, generalnie rzecz ujmując, pozytywnie. Wskazuje się jednak, że prawodawca nie zamknął procesu transformacji ustrojowej. Nie wprowadził bowiem adekwatnego i skutecznego systemu zarządzania wielkimi miastami – metropoliami. W 2017 r. została powołana pierwsza „metropolia” w postaci Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowskiej Metropolii. Ustawa otworzyła ogólnokrajową dyskusję, w której swoje żądania artykułowały inne metropolie, w tym też Gdańsk, Gdynia i Sopot stanowiące rdzeń Trójmiasta. Senat Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, wsłuchując się w głos pomorskich samorządowców i ekspertów, wystąpił z inicjatywą ustawodawczą. O niej jest ten artykuł.
Proceedings relating to the disciplinary liability of prisoners in the state of New York
Authors: Sobecki Tomasz
Published: February 2021

Prison disciplinary actions constitute one of the essential and – at the same time – necessary elements of penitentiary proceedings, which serve to ensure order and institutional security. When they are undertaken and conducted in a reasonable and moderate, and especially fair manner, then these activities not only protect the health, safety and security of all people participating in prison life, but also constitute a positive factor in the process of rehabilitation of prisoners. The article presents the rules of disciplinary proceedings in the State of New York.
Fake News
Authors: Ferreira Marta Aparecida Paulo
Published: February 2021

As tecnologias digitais possibilitaram ao homem a democratização do conhecimento e das informações, ao mesmo tempo em que o expuseram a uma infinidade de desinformação, ou seja, as “fake news”. No contexto acadêmico, elas são publicações que viralizam em redes sociais a partir de informações comprovadamente falsas, com um formato que simula o estilo jornalístico para enganar o público, ocultando sua autoria. Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as emoções como estratégias discursivas para obter possíveis efeitos persuasivos nas fake news. Além disso, visa a contribuir com os estudos sobre fake news/desinformação, no que se refere à importância do pathos na construção das estratégias discursivas. Para tanto, selecionamos, como corpus, as desinformações checadas pelo portal “Saúde sem Fake News” do Ministério da Saúde, no que tange às vacinas e ao câncer. Adotaremos, como aporte teórico, a teoria semiolinguística e os modos de organização do discurso, além do conceito de pathos de Charaudeau (2015), mais precisamente “a visada do pathos, que consiste em ‘fazer-sentir’, ou seja, provoca no outro um estado emocional agradável ou desagradável” (Ibid., p.69). E ainda, de modo a conceituar fake news, fundamentamo-nos em Frias (2018), Genesini (2018), Ferrari (2018), Santaella (2018) e Wardle e Derakhshan (2017). Os resultados da análise mostram que as desinformações construídas com intuito de alcançar a emoção do interlocutor são mais passiveis de persuadi-lo, levando –o não só a acreditar no conteúdo falso como também a compartilhá-lo.
DELINHAMENTO ECOLÓGICO DOS CASOS DE DENGUE NO INTERIOR DO CEARÁ
Authors: Lima Dayse Fonseca , Cerdeira Denilson de Queiroz
Published: February 2021

A dengue é uma moléstia ocasionada por um arbovírus do gênero Flavivírus, endêmica que exibe surtos anuais desde 1986. Sendo conhecidos os sorotipos 1, 2, 3 e 4, apresentando-se como dengue clássica e hemorrágica. Até o momento, a intervenção é com tratamento farmacológico que mostra baixa eficácia e alta toxidade, e a fisioterapia que pode intervir de maneira considerável na mobilização precoce desses pacientes, expondo melhorias na qualidade de vida. O objetivo do artigo é delinear um perfil epidemiológico entre a faixa etária de clientes com diagnóstico de dengue, averiguar e identificar a magnitude de casos da febre e suas consequências no município de Aracati-CE. Foi realizada uma pesquisa ecológica, descritiva e quantitativa onde se buscou compreender fatores associados a altos índices notificados da febre dengue. Coleta de dados foi realizada através de dados do SINAN, período do segundo semestre de 2019. Evidenciou que no ano de 2015 foi confirmado 32,4% de casos de dengue, o maior dos anos estudados no presente manuscrito, sendo 58,6% da população feminina afetada. A faixa etária com maior prevalência foi 29 a 39 anos com 41,4%, quanto à distribuição da sua classificação foram confirmados 43,8% de dengue clássica nos anos estudados. Este estudo evidenciou e contribuiu com o conhecimento acerca de casos da febre dengue no município de Aracati-CE, mostrando com caráter científico as mais recentes evidências sobre o tema, embora ainda sejam escassos estudos ressaltando a importância da fisioterapia em pacientes acometidos com a dengue.
ARMAZENAMENTO E DESCARTE DE MEDICAMENTOS EM RESIDÊNCIAS DE UMA CIDADE DO SERTÃO CENTRAL CEARENSE
Authors: Santos Sandna Larissa Freitas dos , Lima Joelson Pinheiro de , Mormino Karla Bruna Nogueira Torres , Fonteles Marta Maria de França
Published: February 2021

O incentivo da mídia e a facilidade de aquisição tornaram o uso de medicamentos rotineiro, gerando acúmulo desses produtos nas residências. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o local de armazenamento e a forma de descarte dos medicamentos em residências no centro de Quixadá-CE. Foi realizado um estudo do tipo observacional, descritivo, transversal, consistindo em uma abordagem eminentemente quantitativa, com a população das residências cadastradas no Posto de Saúde do Centro, de agosto a outubro de 2016. Foram selecionadas 50 residências, com um número de 140 pessoas e com média de 2,8 pessoa por residência. A presença de alguma doença crônica foi relatada por 38 (76%) dos indivíduos, sendo a Hipertensão a condição de maior prevalência, encontrada em 43 (63,2%) dos indivíduos. A existência de algum medicamento na residência foi apresentada por 42 (84%) dos entrevistados, sendo encontrado um total de 380 medicamentos e não houve relato de uso de preparações caseiras de plantas medicinais. Quanto ao local de armazenamento dos medicamentos, 39 entrevistados disseram armazenar no armário da cozinha e 03 sobre o refrigerador. A ação de guardar a bula e a embalagem original dos medicamentos foi positiva por 32 (76%) dos participantes. A respeito do descarte dos medicamentos (sobras danificadas ou vencidos) observou-se que 31 (74%) afirmaram realizá-lo pelo lixo doméstico, destes 28 (90%) no lixo seco e 03 (10%) no lixo úmido. Percebe-se que a população armazena quantidade considerável de medicamentos em suas residências e que há necessidade de orientação de um profissional Farmacêutico, a fim de minimizar os danos oriundos do descarte em locais inapropriados.
EFEITOS DO EXERCÍCIO RESISTIDO EM INDIVÍDUOS COM DOR CRÔNICA DECORRENTES DA CHIKUNGUNYA: UTILIZAÇÃO DE PERCEPÇÃO DE FADIGA
Authors: Silva Thiago Lopes de Souza , Castro Cássia Borges Lima de
Published: February 2021

A doença causada pelo vírus conhecido como chikungunya é evidenciado por febre, cefaléia, mialgias, exantema e artralgia, sintomatologia mais marcante, que na maioria dos pacientes se prolonga por meses ou anos, consequentemente pode evoluir para artropatia crônica incapacitante. A palavra chikungunya é do vocabulário Makonde no sudeste da Tanzânia, que significa “dobrar-se ou manter-se torto”. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar os possíveis efeitos da musculação em indivíduos que tiveram Chikungunya na cidade de Quixadá. O estudo teve caráter quantitativo de abordagem descritiva, a amostra foi composta por 61 participantes com idade entre 18 e 80 anos de ambos os sexos nos seguintes grupos: grupo 1 foi composto por Indivíduos que já praticavam musculação antes da Chikungunya; grupo 2 foi composto por Indivíduos que iniciaram a prática de musculação depois da Chikungunya; grupo 3 foi composto por indivíduos não praticantes, sendo este o grupo controle. Os resultados evidenciaram que a fadiga é um fator presente em indivíduos com dor crônica decorrentes da Chikungunya, porém o exercício físico resistido promove uma melhora no bem-estar físico e mental, melhora do quadro de dor e melhora na disposição com que realiza suas atividades diárias. Com este estudo foi possível concluir que a musculação pode ser benéfica para a diminuição do quadro de fadiga causada pela dor articular crônica decorrente da Chikungunya.
Perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade materna no estado do Espírito Santo durante o período de 2014 a 2018
Authors: Figueiredo Lívia Carolina Andrade , Aguiar Fernanda Braz , Cardoso Débora Oliveira , De Castro Frederico Bregunci , De Almeida Luiz Fernando , Cunha Anna Karolyna Rodrigues , Lara Bárbara Marques de Castro , De Souza Gilberto , Mita Larissa , De Melo Saulo Nascimento
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Analisar a mortalidade materna no estado do Espírito Santo, no período de 2014 a 2018. Métodos: Este é um estudo epidemiológico do tipo ecológico transversal retrospectivo, foi utilizado o Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade para a coleta dos dados nas macrorregiões do estado, pelas variáveis: macrorregião de saúde, ano de ocorrência, faixa etária, cor e raça, escolaridade e estado civil. Resultados: As maiores taxas de mortalidade materna ocorreram em mulheres de pele parda (47.1%), com 8 a 11 anos de escolaridade (39.0%), faixa etária de 30 a 39 anos (44.2%) e solteiras (49.0%). A macrorregião Sul apresentou os maiores números de mortes maternas, sendo 386.1 óbitos por 100.000 habitantes. Conclusão: A mortalidade materna é um indicador da saúde feminina no mundo, por isso é fundamental o reforço da atenção à saúde de gestantes que se encaixam nos grupos expostos, assim como a implementação de políticas públicas direcionadas às gestantes.
Temporomandibular joint reankylosis: A case report
Authors: Valluvan Sahaana , Murali Kruthika , Duraisamy Vinola , Gopalam Thiruvenkadam
Published: February 2021

Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) occurs when the base of the skull fuses with condyle to the mandible. This can cause deleterious effects on the growth and development of the jaws and teeth when occurred in childhood. Recurrence of TMJ ankylosis is a known complication. Studies have contributed to the various treatment options in recurrent ankylosis. The causes of reankylosis of TMJ are due to inadequate gap arthroplasty, insufficient interpositional material, adhesion, and elongation of the coronoid process. This case report is about a 6-year-old female child who is not able to open the mouth. The child was diagnosed with TMJ reankylosis. The treatment consisted of gap arthroplasty with dermis-fat graft along with bilateral coronoidectomy followed by vigorous physiotherapy. Later, full-mouth rehabilitation with speech and functional therapy and psychological counseling was done. Treating TMJ ankylosis is challenging as it has technical difficulties and a high incidence of recurrence. Hence, the treatment is always a multidisciplinary approach inclusive of an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, a pediatric dentist, and a psychologist and a physical therapist.
Standard values for temporal muscle thickness in the Japanese population who undergo brain check-up by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Katsuki Masahito , Narita Norio , Sasaki Keisuke , Sato Yoshimichi , Suzuki Yasuhiro , Mashiyama Shoji , Tominaga Teiji
Published: February 2021

Background:

Skeletal muscle mass is an important factor for various diseases’ outcomes. The psoas muscle cross-sectional area on the abdominal computed tomography (CT), gait speed, and handgrip strength is used to measure it. However, it is difficult to measure the neurological patients’ muscle mass or function because (1) we do not perform abdominal CT. (2) Such patients have impaired consciousness, gait disturbance, paresis, and need of rest. Temporal muscle thickness (TMT) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now attractive for skeletal muscle volume indicator, but the reference values are not established. We herein investigated the standard value of the Japanese TMT using the brain check-up database by MRI.

Methods:

We retrospectively investigated 360 Japanese individuals from two institutions between 2017 and 2019. We measured TMT on the T1-weighted images in the previously reported way. The associations between TMT and other variables were analyzed.

Results:

TMT of 214 women and 146 men, ranging from 35 to 84 years old, was investigated. TMT ranged from 3.69 to 16.90 mm. Mean TMT values were significantly higher in men compared to women except for the over 70-year-old cohort. TMT was correlated to weight and body mass index in both sexes.

Conclusion:

This is the first retrospective study on the standard TMT values from the Japanese brain check-up database. Our results were just reference values, but these would be useful for further investigation in other neurosurgical and neurological diseases regarding muscle volume or sarcopenia.
Seizure outcome in moyamoya after indirect revascularization in pediatric patients: Retrospective study and literature review
Authors: Alramadan Abdullah , Ul Haq Anwar , Basindwah Sarah , Alshail Essam
Published: February 2021

Background:

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a unique cerebrovascular disorder characterized by progressive stenosis of anterior cerebral circulation. Moyamoya is not an uncommon disease in Saudi Arabia. Although a less common symptom of the disease, the incidence of seizure in MMD ranges from 6 to 30%. Indirect revascularization through Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis technique is one of the surgical treatment options for MMD. In our cohort, we aim to evaluate seizure outcome in pediatric patients with moyamoya.

Methods:

Eleven patients with seizure as primary presentation for MMD over a period of 10 years were included in the study. All patients underwent EDAS surgery. All patients underwent pre- and postoperative assessment of multiple factors contributing to seizure outcome. Patients were evaluated for surgery control clinically and radiologically.

Results:

About 73% of MMD patients with seizures improved after EDAS surgery (P < 0.0005). Six patients out of 11 became seizure free. Patients with bilateral involvement of disease undergoing bilateral surgery had better seizure control than those undergoing unilateral surgery (P < 0.07).

Conclusion:

Patients with controlled seizure before surgery are more likely to be seizure free after intervention. Seizure outcome is favorable after indirect surgical revascularization in pediatric moyamoya patients.
A surgical case of C1 arch stenosis: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Yunoki Masatoshi
Published: February 2021

Background:

Isolated symptomatic cervical stenosis of the atlas is quite rare; there have been 11 cases reported in literature.

Case Description:

A 76-year-old male presented with myelopathy attributed to C1 arch stenosis. Neuroimaging studies revealed posterior atlas compression of the spinal cord. Following a cervical laminectomy involving excision of the arch of the atlas, and the patient’s symptoms resolved.

Conclusion:

C1 stenosis resulting in cervical myelopathy due to posterior compression from the arch of the atlas is easily missed. Notably, C1 arch laminectomy may be very effective in resolving this entity.
Snowfall reduces the risk of chronic subdural hematoma onset: Analysis of an administrative database in Japan
Authors: Oda Kazunori , Aso Shotaro , Hattori Yujiro , Yamaguchi Fumio , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo , Morita Akio
Published: February 2021

Background:

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a frequently observed disease in neurosurgical practice. Although first snowfall has been considered to increase the onset of CSDH, few reports have assessed the relationship between snowfall and CSDH. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between CSDH onset and first snowfall events.

Methods:

This retrospective study was based on the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database from July 1, 2010, to March 31, 2016, and on the global observation of snowfall events in Japan obtained from the Japan Meteorological Agency. We used a binomial approximation to evaluate the average number of CSDH patients after first snowfall events compared with that before first snowfall events. We calculated the odds ratio of CSDH onset on the first snowfall.

Results:

We identified 8526 CSDH patients from the database. A total of 5573 (65.4%) were observed before first snowfall events, and 2953 (34.6%) after first snowfall events. The first snowfall of winter was significantly associated with a reduction in the occurrence of CSDH (odds ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval; 0.51–0.55). In subgroup analysis, only the first snowfall in October was not associated with reduction in the occurrence of CSDH.

Conclusion:

First snowfall events did not affect the onset of CSDH in Japan.
Computed tomographic analysis of cervical spine pedicles in the adult Indian population
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Saini Naresh Kumar , Singh Devender , Chadha Manish , Mehrotra Gopesh
Published: February 2021

Background:

Cervical pedicle screw insertion is a technically demanding procedure that carries the risk of catastrophic damage to surrounding neurovascular structures. Here, we analyzed computed tomography (CT)-based three-dimensional cervical spine pedicle geometry to determine the level and sex-specific morphologic differences in the adult Indian population.

Methods:

The CT scans of 200 patients (2400 pedicles) without significant cervical spine pathology were collected. The mean pedicle width (PW), pedicle height (PH), pedicle axial length (PAL), and pedicle transverse angle (PTA) from C2 to C7 were measured.

Results:

The smallest mean PW was at C3 in both males (4.85 ± 0.73 mm) and females (4.31 ± 0.43 mm); 7.08% of all pedicles were found to have mean PW of <4 mm. The smallest mean PH was at C5 in both males (6.25 ± 0.67mm) and females (5.54 ± 0.52 mm). The smallest mean PAL was at C2 in both males (27.46 ± 1.69mm) and females (25.90 ± 1.88 mm). The mean PW, PH, and PAL were significantly greater in males than females at all levels (P < 0.05). The smallest mean PTA was at C3 in males (41.79 ± 2.53°) and at C7 in females (42.40 ± 2.27°).

Conclusion:

In the adult Indian population, the PW, PH and PAL were smaller than in the typical western population. Females had even smaller PW, PH and PAL as compared to males. We recommend that a small inventory of 3.5mm screws between 20mm to 30mm length be used in most cases where cervical pedicle screws are being used in the Indian population. However, individual vertebrae should be screened preoperatively with CT scans to exclude gross anatomical variations, especially in females and at the C3 and C4 levels.
Preoperative simulation of a middle cerebral artery aneurysm clipping using a rotational three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography
Authors: Kimura Yuiko , Mashiko Toshihiro , Watanabe Eiju , Kawai Kensuke
Published: February 2021

Background:

In recent years, young neurosurgeons have had few opportunities to gain experience with clipping surgeries. The first author was sometimes surprised that she could not predict the anatomical relationships between the aneurysm and vessels during actual surgery. This study investigated the differences between the expected and actual operative findings during clipping surgery for aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery.

Methods:

Medical records for 15 patients who underwent rotational three-dimensional (3D) digital subtraction angiography (3D-DSA) before the clipping surgery were analyzed after the surgery. The anatomical relationships between the aneurysm and parent arteries were defined by the intraoperative findings just before clipping. The viewing direction to obtain this definitive perspective (virtual viewing direction) was measured. The angle between this viewing direction and the coordinate axis was denoted as the “virtual angle for clipping (VAC).”

Results:

The VAC between the X-axis and viewing direction on the XY-plane (VAC-XY) ranged from –43° to +73° (mean, +27°), and the angle between the XY-plane and viewing direction (VAC-Z) ranged from +25° to –34° (mean, 5.5°). The difference between the VAC-XY and mean angle was significantly larger in cases with hidden branches behind the aneurysm. In these cases, the virtual viewing direction visualized the neck of the aneurysm. There is no correlation between M1 length and VAC-XY or VAC-Z discrepancy.

Conclusion:

3D-DSA or 3D computed tomography angiography images visualizing the neck of the aneurysm should be obtained in combination with images obtained from the standard oblique angle.
A titanium implant for Chiari malformation Type 1 surgery
Authors: Mishinov Sergey , Samokhin Alexander , Panchenko Andrey , Stupak Vyacheslav
Published: February 2021

Background:

Concepts of Chiari malformation Type 1 (CM1) surgery in the present time significantly different. The most common complications are pseudomeningocele (12%) and postoperative CSF leak (5%). The development of pseudomeningocele may be associated with inappropriate restoration of bone and muscles relations.

Methods:

The pilot study involved 11 patients aged 24–64 years with a diagnosis of CM1 who had indications for surgical treatment. Special titanium implant enabling fixation of the occipital and cervical muscles at the projections of their normal attachments was developed, it was placed to occipital bone on the final stages of surgical intervention. Surgical technique promoted tightened wound closure neutralizing formation of “dead space” at the place of occipital craniectomy and between muscle layers. The implant was produced by direct metal laser sintering method for each patient individually.

Results:

There were no complications during the hospitalization and follow-up period. Postoperative MRI demonstrated adequate formation of the cisterna magna and the absence of pseudomeningocele. During follow-up period there were no signs of pseudomeningocele, CSF leak, surgical scar complications, implant-associated infections, and other complications.

Conclusion:

In the study group, no pseudomeningocele cases as long as any other complications associated with surgery had been revealed. The efficacy of the proposed surgical technique using the developed implant should be evaluated in clinical trials with larger patient samples. To simplify preoperative planning and manufacturing of the implant for each patient individually, a set of implants with different specified sizes was developed.
COVİD-19 Pandemisinde Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesinin Eğitim Deneyimi
Authors: AYDEMİR Hande , BAKKAL Bekir , CAN Murat
Published: February 2021

Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesinde COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde eğitim deneyimlerimizi paylaşmayı amaçladık. Fakültemizde YÖK’ün 13 Mart 2020’de eğitim ilgili kararı sonrası tüm dönemlerde eğitim online dijital platformlar üzerinden senkron ve asenkron olarak başladı. Tüm sınavlar dijital platform üzerinden yapıldı. Bu süreçte hem öğretim üyeleri, hem de öğrencilerle düzenli aralıklarla dijital platformlar üzerinden toplantılar yapıldı ve geri bildirimleri alındı. Her ne kadar bu süreç içinde bazı yetersizlikler yaşandıysa da öğrenci ve öğretim üyelerinin adaptasyonu hızlı oldu. Eğitime ara verilmemesiyle öğrenci mağduriyeti yaşanmadı. Bundan sonraki süreçte uzaktan eğitimin tıp eğitiminin ayrılmaz bir parçası olacağını düşünmekteyiz.
Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’nde Pandemi Döneminde Eğitim
Authors: ONCU Selcen
Published: February 2021

Aralık 2019 sonunda Çin’de ortaya çıkarak kısa sürede tüm dünyayı etkileyen bir pandemiye dönüşen Koronavirüs (Covid–19) küresel çapta bir krize neden olarak yaşamın pek çok alanında etkisini göstermiştir. Virüsün damlacık yolu ile bulaşması, pandeminin hızla ilerlemesi ve ölümcül olması nedeni ile çok sayıda ülkede sosyal mesafenin korunması ve yayılımın kısıtlanması amacı ile yüz yüze eğitime ara verilmiştir. Bu ülkelerden biri olan ülkemizde üniversitelerde yüz yüze eğitime ara verilmesi ile 23 Mart 2020 tarihinden itibaren eğitimin aksamaması için uzaktan eğitime geçilmesine karar verilmiştir. Üniversitemiz Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi bu kararı takiben mevcut uzaktan eğitim sisteminde gerekli düzenlemeleri yaparak 30 Mart 2020 tarihinde uzaktan eğitime başlamıştır. Fakültemizde ise uzaktan eğitim süreci eğitim programının uzaktan eğitime uygun hale getirilmesi, öğrenci ve öğretim üyelerinin bilgilendirilmeleri ile 6 Nisan 2020 tarihinde başlamıştır. Bu yazıda Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’nin pandemi dönemi uzaktan eğitim deneyimi aktarılmıştır
Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’nde COVID-19 Salgını Sürecinde Eğitim
Authors: GÜRGÜN Cemil , YAZAN SERTÖZ Rüçhan , ÜLKER GÖKSEL Sibel , YAMAZHAN Tansu , PARILTAY Erhan , BATI A.hilal , TÖRÜN Sıla Elif
Published: February 2021

Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’nde salgın döneminde uzaktan öğretim sürecinde kararlar, öğretim üyeleri ve öğrencilerin katılımı ile kurul ve komisyonlarca alınmıştır. Alt komisyon ve kurullarda alınan kararlar, Eğitim Komisyonunda görüşülüp kabul edildikten sonra fakültenin ve üniversitenin ilgili kurullarının onayı ile yürürlüğe girmiştir. Salgının gidişatına göre eğitimle ilgili tüm değişiklikler iç paydaşlarla dinamik bir şekilde paylaşılarak yürürlüğe konmuştur. Tüm kararlar, Fakülte ve Dönem Temsilcileri, Ege Tıp Öğrenci Kurulu ile yapılan toplantılar, öğrenci ve öğretim üyelerinin geri bildirimleri doğrultusunda “öğrenen merkezli” olacak şekilde alınmış ve yürütülmüştür. Uzaktan öğretim kapsamında, öğrenme materyalleri Fakültemizin Öğrenme Kaynakları Merkezi (ÖKM) sunucusuna yüklenmiş; senkron dersler ise Üniversitemizin sağlamış olduğu çevrimiçi alt yapı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Eğitim programımızda yatay ve dikey entegrasyonu güçlendiren multidisipliner entegre oturum/panellerin tamamı ve bazı teorik dersler blok yürütme kurullarının organizasyonuyla senkron olarak yapılmıştır. Çevrimiçi Ölçme Değerlendirme Usul ve Esasları oluşturulmuş, sınavlar ödev şeklinde planlanarak ÖKM üzerinden uygulanmıştır. Mezuniyet sonrası uzmanlık eğitiminin sürekliliği çevrimiçi ortamda yapılan seminer, olgu tartışmaları, konseyler ve devam eden sağlık hizmeti ile sağlanmıştır. Öğretim elemanlarına yönelik sürekli mesleksel gelişim etkinlikleri çevrimiçi ortamda sürdürülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, salgın döneminde Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’nde “tıp eğitimi”, tüm paydaşların katılımıyla, eğitim programının kazanımları doğrultusunda, “öğrenen merkezli” ve dinamik bir çalışma süreci ile yürütülmüştür.
CONSTRUCTION OF RISK ASSESSMENT SYSTEM FOR ANTI- CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Bondarchuk Mariia , Voloshyn Orysia ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Skoropad Iryna ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Chervinska Oksana ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: February 2021

The article further develops the system of early warning and response to crisis situations in the local community through the consideration of risks. At the same time, the list of external and internal risks for ensuring effective anti-crisis management at the enterprises of territorial communities is defined. The methods of prevention of internal risks of occurrence of financial crisis at participants of territorial community are offered. In this context, it is justified that the system of early warning and response to crises in the local community will include methods to prevent the risks of financial crisis in the members of the local community. The article presents theoretical aspects of taking into account the risk of investing funds of members of the territorial community in the enterprise, which is in danger of crisis, actualizes the assessment and analysis of the implementation of a new direction of enterprise development, which requires additional financial resources in adverse (crisis). In the study, effective methods of preventing external risks in members of the local community are substantiated. It is established that the external risks that affect the management of crisis phenomena in the territorial community will include: a) economic; b) political; c) social. It is established that diversification is reflected as an influential factor in crisis management. It is substantiated that effective regulation of external risks affecting the management of crisis phenomena includes government regulation. According to the authors, the study of the theoretical foundations for building a risk assessment system to ensure effective crisis management in the enterprises of territorial communities will ensure the effective functioning of various participants in territorial communities.
SOME PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATION OF ACCOUNTING AND CONTROL OF FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION SERVICES’ IMPLEMENTATION BY SMALL ENTERPRISES
Authors:   National University «Lviv Polytechnic», Olshanska Maria , Tereshchenko Anna ,   National University «Lviv Polytechnic»
Published: February 2021

Constant changes in economic and legal conditions of management, the complexity of accounting of the freight transportation services’ implementation, require further study in terms of organization of accounting and control, taking into account the characteristics of the industry and belonging to a small enterprise. The purpose of the article is to identify problem areas in the process of organizing the accounting and control of the freight transportation services by small businesses, and also finding ways to solve them. The result of the study is identified and substantiated the following problem areas of freight transportations’ accounting and control, taking into account the characteristics of the industry and belonging to small businesses: cumbersome regulations; specifics of cost accounting; organization of internal control. In particular, it has been established, that the legislative system is rather cumbersome and outdated; also needs improvement taking into account the conditions of globalization of states’ economies, deregulation of freight transportation in Ukraine, protection of workers during pandemic. Based on the study of the regulatory framework, grouped regulatory and regulatory documents for the freight transportation services’ regulation in terms of articles for calculating of the freight transportation services’ costs. Generalized sources of information for effective internal control of cargo transportation of the transport enterprise by the accounting service are offered, taking into account the limited financial resources of small businesses. Emphasis is placed on the need to take into account in the organization of such control such sectoral features as: a large share in non-current assets of rolling stock, accounting of the costs of its maintenance and storage; accounting of fuel and lubricants and spare parts; accompanying flight loading.
MECHANISM OF STATE REGULATION OF THE ECONOMY: ESSENTIAL ASPECT
Authors:   National Academy for Public Administration under the President of Ukraine, Marukhlenko Oksana
Published: February 2021

The article deals with theoretical questions about the mechanism of state regulation of the economy. The content of the mechanism of state regulation of the economy is revealed on the basis of studying the mechanism of state administration, the etymology of the word "mechanism", taking into account the essence of state regulation of the economy. The issue of improving the mechanism of state regulation of processes related to the country's economy has been resolved, which is impossible without researching the theoretical foundations of this mechanism, determining the appropriate categories of state regulation of the economy. In an unstable economic environment, a special place is occupied by the "mechanism of state regulation of the economy." Without defining its essence, it is impossible to solve the problem of increasing the efficiency of the entire system of state regulation of the economy. This fact is confirmed by the processes aimed at the development of the economic system, which necessitates active regulation by the state. That is, without perfect mechanisms of state regulation of the economy, it is impossible to purposeful, coordinated and rational management of social and economic processes in the country, an appropriate level of organizational and managerial influence on the development of all spheres of state life, sustainable support for the actions of state authorities from various segments of the population.
Superdiffusive quantum stochastic walk definable on arbitrary directed graph
Authors: Domino Krzysztof , Glos Adam , Ostaszewski Mateusz
Published: February 2021

In this paper we define a quantum stochastic walk on arbitrary directed graph with super-diffusive propagation on a line graph. Our model is based on global environment interaction QSW, which is known to have ballistic propagation. However we discovered, that in this case additional amplitude transitions occur, hence graph topology is changed into moral graph. Because of that we call the effect a spontaneous moralization. We propose a general correction scheme, which is proved to remove unnecessary transition and thus to preserve the graph topology. In the end we numerically show, that superdiffusive propagation is preserved. Because of that our new model may be applied as effective evolution on arbitrary directed graph.
Magic coins are useful for small-space quantum machines
Authors: Say A.C. Cem , Yakaryilmaz Abuzer
Published: February 2021

Although polynomial-time probabilistic Turing machines can utilize uncomputable transition probabilities to recognize uncountably many languages with bounded error when allowed to use double logarithmic space, it is known that such “magic coins” give no additional computational power to constant-space versions of those machines. We show that adding a few quantum bits to the model changes the picture dramatically. For every language L, there exists such a two-way quantum finite automaton (2qcfa) that recognizes a language of the same Turing degree as L with bounded error in polynomial time. When used as verifiers in public-coin interactive proof systems, such automata can verify membership in all languages with bounded error, outperforming their classical counterparts, which are known to fail for the palindromes language. Corollaries demonstrate even faster machines when one is allowed to use a counter as memory, and an alternative proof of the uncountability of stochastic languages.
中小企业财务管理模式——基于某公司案例的分析
Authors: 张 文胜
Published: February 2021

中小型私营企业和民营企业对激活市场发挥了重要的作用，是未来中国经济发展不可缺少的重要动力。中小企业自身存在多方面不足，普遍追求短期利益，忽视长期利益；重视营销增长，忽视企业管理。只有找到和提出企业中财务管理存在的不足加以改善，才能给未来的发展打好基础。因此，论文对这些企业进行研究，分析它们在经营活动中，特别是财务管理活动中存在的问题，通过研究和探讨中小企业财务管理模式，旨在为企业提出改善企业财务管理的意见和方法。
零工经济的社保难题与应对思路
Authors: 董 珂
Published: February 2021

零工经济它在使用过程中具有成本低、门槛低、污染低的优势。然而，它信誉高、效率高、体验高。零工经济为资源供给方和需求方创造前所未有的社会价值。论文主要围绕零工经济理论基础、零工经济的社保难题以及零工经济背景下解决社保难题的对策这三个方面进行探究。
城中村公共空间利用策略
Authors: 伍 朝晖
Published: February 2021

论文研究城中村公共空间的利用策略，通过公共空间的特点进行归纳，提出城中村公共空间改造要关注多元人群的需求，强调合法性、多样性、区域性、包容性。以城市的公共空间利用为例，提倡分层级、多水准、复合功能的公共空间设计策略，为城中村物质生活和文脉传承提供新的可能
建筑智能化控制系统设计与应用
Authors: 马 朝国
Published: February 2021

信息时代有力地推动着建筑智能化的进一步发展。人们将智能化的控制系统更多地运用在建筑方面，使建筑更加智能化、信息化，这是时代发展给建筑行业带来的好处，在未来建筑会依靠智能系统继续发展。论文主要分析建筑智能化控制系统设计与应用，首先对智能建筑下定义，然后分析智能化系统的设计，最后对建筑智能化系统应用进行分析。
计算机网络信息安全及其防护对策研究
Authors: 杨 列娟 , 王 昌平
Published: February 2021

随着现如今科技逐渐发达，信息技术也在不断地发展，计算机网络为人们提供了很多信息渠道，给生活带来很大的便利，计算机网络技术被人们频繁地使用，但是计算机网络安全的问题也变得非常突出甚至亟待解决。网络安全也给人们带来了很多的困扰，给人们的信息安全带来了很大的威胁，在全球范围内，不论是发达国家还是发展中国家，都面临着计算机网络信息安全问题。论文先对计算机网络信息安全风险和所存在的安全问题进行了分析，并且提出了相应的防护对策，将制定的合理制度运用到计算机使用中，使中国的计算机网络信息安全能得到有效地保障。
矿山地质勘查与找矿技术要点分析
Authors: 杜 云龙
Published: February 2021

矿产资源是支撑各行各业发展生产的重要资源，在中国矿产资源的种类以及总量在世界上都位居前列，但是因为中国地域面积相对较大，东西南北存在极大跨度，所以矿产资源所位于的地区比较偏远，并且地质条件也非常复杂，矿产勘查和开采难度都非常大，这就对矿山地质勘查和找矿技术提出了很高的要求和技术标准。因此，论文针对当下矿山地质勘查和放技术的关键点进行了分析和研究，并提出了相关建议，以供借鉴。
遥感解译在乡镇地质灾害风险评价工作中的应用
Authors: 张 强 , 李 俊
Published: February 2021

对乡镇地质灾害风险进行科学全面的评价，是实施地质灾害防治工作的基础和前提。随着科学技术的逐渐发展，遥感解译技术在乡镇地质灾害风险评价工作中发挥了越来越大的作用。遥感解译，即在基础图像上重现野外实际环境景观，基于地学原理进行地物识别及定性和定量、时间和空间分析，获取地质灾害及其发育环境信息。遥感解译在ARCGIS软件平台上以人机交互方式进行。论文主要讲述了地质灾害风险评价工作中的具体举措，详细分析了遥感解译技术在地质灾害风险评价中的具体应用。
BIM技术在机电安装中的实践探究
Authors: 潘 财华
Published: February 2021

现代社会的进步为各种技术的变更以及创新提供了良好的基础，也对各行各业提出了更高的要求。为了实现现代信息技术在机电工程中的深入应用，要求能充分集合机电行业的发展情况，对机电安装的实践内容进行探究。基于此，论文针对BIM技术在机电安装中的实践内容进行分析，思考更加合理的安装方式，以提高机电安装的具体价值和应用效果，充分地发挥机电安装的价值。
新课程理念下高中语文教学的有效性解析
Authors: 张 媛
Published: February 2021

在当前教育领域发展过程中，基于新课程改革工作要求以及新课程教育教学工作理念，重点关注有效性的思维模式，并且将有效性教学思维理念和当下的实际教学内容进行结合，充分摆脱了过去传统教学工作过程中存在的单一化的缺点。论文对新课程理念下高中语文教学工作中有效性教学的实际应用进行解析，并对该教学思维模式的实际应用途径进行分析论述。
高校图书馆服务能力评价指标体系构建研究
Authors: 张 慧敏
Published: February 2021

对于高等院校来说，高校图书馆的重要性是不言而喻的，高校所需的重要信息都由其提供，高校教研工作的成绩极大程度上取决于图书馆的服务能力。由此可见，图书馆的服务能力非常关键，在互联网时代下，各种各样的新技术层出不穷，Altmetrics理论现已在各大领域中取得极为不错的应用，将其引入图书馆评价领域是极具可能性的。要想有效提升服务能力，应有良好的评价体系，因而我们可基于Altmetrics理论之上建立服务能力评价体系，通过对服务能力评价寻找当中的不足，进而有针对性地提出解决对策，为高校提供更好的服务。
新世纪民航空乘英语教育现状及发展策略研究
Authors: 唐 文怡
Published: February 2021

随着民航业的快速发展，空乘英语也开始兴起。空乘英语专业是培养航空英语交流应用型人才的重要课程，对提高空乘人员的服务水平具有重要的作用，但是实际教育中却出现许多问题。论文研究新世纪民航空乘英语教育现状及发展策略，首先分析新世纪民航空乘英语教育的发展现状，然后分析空乘英语教育中存在的主要问题，最后提出改进空乘英语教育的发展策略，并得出如下结论：为了推动民航空乘英语的发展，民航学校需要加强空乘英语教师培训，优化教师结构，加强课堂的口语操练，采取师生互动教学，满足民航行业的需要，更新教学资源等。希望论文的研究可以完善空乘英语专业人才教育体系，推动民航事业的发展。
信息化环境下的大学美术教学研究
Authors: 刘 大明
Published: February 2021

论文分析当前美术教学问题的基础上，对课堂主题设计、课前教师备课以及课中营造良好的课堂教学氛围等层面进行全面化提升进行分析。论文指出，信息化教育对大学美术教学有着重要的意义。在核心素养高要求的大环境下，教师要加强自我认知，整合教学资源提高信息化教育有效性以提高学生能力。
略谈职业技能大赛选手的选拔和培养模式
Authors: 任 东
Published: February 2021

在首届全国职业技能大赛中，习近平特意致信祝贺，他在贺信中指出“技术工人队伍是支撑中国制造、中国创造的重要力量。职业技能竞赛为广大技能提供了展示精湛技能、相互切磋技艺的平台，对壮大技术工人队伍、推动经济社会发展具有积极作用”。论文重点针对职业技能大赛选手的选拔和培养模式进行了详细的分析，以供参考。
中国新疆尖果沙枣果实和叶片提取液活性分析研究
Authors: 开赛尔 买买提明特肯 , 艾尔肯 玉荪 , 古再丽努尔 艾则孜
Published: February 2021

目的：新疆尖果沙枣（Elaeagnus oxcarpa Schlecht）的抗菌实验结果表明没有明显的抑制能力，但不易被自身破坏。添加其他物质可以提高稳定性和一定程度的抑制作用。因此，有效地开发和使用尤为重要。先比较了常规水煮法和乙醇回流法，然后比较了沙枣的种子、果实和果皮的含量。方法：沙枣水提物和乙醇提取物的抗菌和杀菌作用。通过抑菌圈实验、最小抑菌浓度实验和最小杀菌浓度实验研究，采用滤纸法和管盘法研究了新疆枣果糖或乙醇提取物的抗菌活性。通过平板稀释法用于确定提取物的使用性能，提取的天然防腐剂用于酱油中。在蒸汽水中具有杀菌作用，3个月后食物中检出主要致病菌和抗腐菌的抗菌功效，发现抗菌效果强。结果：实验结果表明，尖果沙枣中的黄酮类化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌和酵母菌具有一定的约束作用。用于开发食品添加剂、药品和保健品，以达到防腐、抗菌和抗氧化的双重作用。结论：实验结果表明的方法效果顺序为：水沸萃取法＞乙醇回流法＞超声波萃取法。实验原料对象的抗菌或抑菌功能的排序：沙枣种子＞沙枣皮＞沙枣果。发现乙醇提取物具有很强的抗菌活性，浓度越高，抗菌效果越强，食品防腐实验越有效。