bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultra‐Black Pinecone for Efficient Solar Steam Generation under Omnidirectional Illumination
Authors: Wang Hongqiang , Zhang Chen , Zhou Bin , Zhang Zhihua , Shen Jun , Du Ai
Published: December 2020

It has been a goal to create artificial evaporators that have highly efficient solar steam generation (SSG) performance under omnidirectional illumination to solve the global drinking water crisis. Although some evaporators with high evaporation rates and efficiencies have been reported, their inefficient performance under oblique illumination conditions remain to be overcome. Pinecones, with their delicate transpiration channels, photo‐thermal moisture‐sensitive deployable structure, and 3D Fibonacci helically‐arranged scales, inspire the design of this efficient evaporator under omnidirectional illumination. Herein, ultra‐black pinecone (UBP) with multi‐branched, arterially porous, and hierarchical structures shows excellent SSG performance under omnidirectional illumination. UBP achieves a high evaporation rate and efficiency of 1.86 kg m−2 h−1 and 97.85% respectively, under one sun illumination. The SSG performance under oblique incidence conditions of UBP are not degraded but improved (2.194 g h−1 under incident angle of 90°) because the UBP can recover reflection and radiation energy losses, avoid cosine energy losses, and absorb heat from the warm environment. The UBP also exhibits high evaporation rate in real weather and good durability and salt resistance in concentrated brine, which ensures its great potential applications in wastewater treatment and solar desalination.
A Low‐Cost 3D Spherical Evaporator with Unique Surface Topology and Inner Structure for Solar Water Evaporation‐Assisted Dye Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Yuan Baohua , Zhang Chaofan , Liang Ying , Yang Lixia , Yang Huawei , Bai Liangjiu , Wei Donglei , Wang Wenxiang , Wang Qingyao , Chen Hou
Published: December 2020

Solar steam generation and adsorption, as promising technologies to tackle water pollution, have gained increasing research interest in recent years. In this paper, 3D spherical carbonized platanus fruit with special surface topology and inner interconnected porous structure is used as a superior solar evaporator and an adsorbent for dye removal with easy separation from treated water. The dual‐functional material with single component is prepared by a simply carbonizing biowaste platanus fruit. A high evaporation rate up to 2.00 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun is achieved by 3D spherical evaporator. 3D evaporator also presents outstanding water evaporation under low light intensity, angle‐independent water evaporation, and long‐term cycling stability. Importantly, high‐capacity dye adsorption and generation of purified water are simultaneously achieved with the assistance of solar‐driven evaporation under one sun. Thus, the monolithic, dual‐functional 3D material with a simple preparation process, low cost, mechanical robustness, and environmental friendliness has great potential for solar steam generation and solar water evaporation‐assisted adsorption. This study proposes a simple route to design 3D solar evaporators with surface topology and innovatively provides a high‐efficiency method for tackling water pollution.
A Novel Method of 3D Printing High‐Loaded Oxide/H‐ZSM‐5 Catalyst Monoliths for Carbon Dioxide Reduction in Tandem with Propane Dehydrogenation
Authors: Lawson Shane , Farsad Alireza , Adebayo Busuyi , Newport Kyle , Schueddig Kurt , Lowrey Ethan , Polo‐Garzon Felipe , Rezaei Fateme , Rownaghi Ali A.
Published: December 2020

Oxidative propane dehydrogenation using CO2 (CO2‐ODHP) is a potential alternative for propylene synthesis. In this study, bifunctional catalysts (V2O5, ZrO2, Cr2O3, and Ga2O3 doped H‐ZSM‐5) are synthesized through additive manufacturing for CO2‐ODHP. Characterization and correlation between the various characterizations and the catalytic results indicates that the direct 3D printing of metal oxides alongside H‐ZSM‐5 can considerably modify the surface properties and bulk oxide phase dispersion, thus leading to enhanced metal oxide reducibility and exceptional CO2‐ODHP performance. Among the metal monoliths, the mixed oxide sample with 5 wt% Cr, 10 wt% V, 10 wt% Zr, 10 wt% Ga and 65 wt% H‐ZSM‐5 displays the best activity, achieving ≈40% propane conversion, 95% propylene selectivity, and zero benzene/toluene/xylene production. Upon eliminating CO2, the catalyst monoliths all retain their long‐term stability; however, the propane conversions decrease by ≈3% and the propylene selectivities decreased by 5–15%. Nevertheless, all five samples examined here demonstrate exceptional catalytic activities and prolonged stabilities, which are attributed to the even distribution of surface acid sites produced by direct printing of the oxide and zeolite components. Overall, this study presents a novel way of manufacturing bifunctional structured catalysts that exhibit exceptional ODHP performance.
Conductive Silver Grid Electrode for Flexible and Transparent Memristor Applications
Authors: Han Xu , Xu Ruixue , Sun Bowen , Xu Jing , Hong Wang , Cai Guofa , Qian Kai
Published: December 2020

Transparent nonvolatile memory fabricated on flexible substrates is expected to meet the requirement of integrated flexible transparent circuits. Here, a simple route to prepare flexible transparent memristors is presented. Flexible transparent conducting Ag grids with low sheet resistance are self‐assembled on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, and the WO3 dielectric layer is selectively deposited on the Ag grids via a low‐cost cathodic electrodeposition method under ambient condition. Finally, the Au/WO3/Ag grids/PET device exhibits fair good optical transmittance in the visible region, low operating voltages, fast switching speed, and long retention time against electric and mechanical stimulus. Therefore, a universal approach is demonstrated for flexible transparent memristors application by combining Ag grids electrode with cathodic electrodeposition technology.
Enabling 6C Fast Charging of Li‐Ion Batteries with Graphite/Hard Carbon Hybrid Anodes
Authors: Chen Kuan‐Hung , Goel Vishwas , Namkoong Min Ji , Wied Markus , Müller Simon , Wood Vanessa , Sakamoto Jeff , Thornton Katsuyo , Dasgupta Neil P.
Published: December 2020

Li‐ion batteries that can simultaneously achieve high‐energy density and fast charging are essential for electric vehicles. Graphite anodes enable a high‐energy density, but suffer from an inhomogeneous reaction current and irreversible Li plating during fast charging. In contrast, hard carbon exhibits superior rate performance but lower energy density owing to its lower initial coulombic efficiency and higher average voltage. In this work, these tradeoffs are overcome by fabricating hybrid anodes with uniform mixtures of graphite and hard carbon, using industrially‐relevant multi‐layer pouch cells (>1 Ah) and electrode loadings (3 mAh cm−2). By controlling the graphite/hard carbon ratio, this study shows that battery performance can be systematically tuned to achieve both high‐energy density and efficient fast charging. Pouch cells with optimized hybrid anodes retain 87% and 82% of their initial specific energy after 500 cycles of 4C and 6C fast‐charge cycling, respectively. This is significantly higher than the 61% and 48% specific energy retention with graphite anodes under the same conditions. The enhanced performance is attributed to improved homogeneity of the reaction current throughout the hybrid anode, which is supported by continuum‐scale modeling. This process is directly compatible with existing roll‐to‐roll battery manufacturing, representing a scalable pathway to fast charging.
Red Phosphorous‐Derived Protective Layers with High Ionic Conductivity and Mechanical Strength on Dendrite‐Free Sodium and Potassium Metal Anodes
Authors: Shi Pengcheng , Zhang Shipeng , Lu Gongxun , Wang Lifeng , Jiang Yu , Liu Fanfan , Yao Yu , Yang Hai , Ma Mingze , Ye Shufen , Tao Xinyong , Feng Yuezhan , Wu Xiaojun , Rui Xianhong , Yu Yan
Published: December 2020

Sodium metal anodes are ideal candidates for advanced high energy density Na metal batteries. Nevertheless, the unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), the uncontrollable dendrite growth, and low Coulombic efficiency during cycling have prevented their applications. Herein, a high‐performance Na anode is achieved by introduction of an ex situ artificial Na3P layer on the surface via a simple red phosphorus pretreatment method. The artificial SEI layer possesses high ionic conductivity and high Young's modulus, which regulates uniform deposition of ions and prevents the dendrite growth. Benefiting from these merits, the Na||Na cells with the protected layers demonstrate excellent electrochemical performance (780 h at 1.0 mA cm–2, 1.0 mAh cm–2). When assembled into a full battery with a Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode, the Na metal battery exhibits a long lifespan of 400 cycles at 15 C and a high rate capacity of ≈53.2 mAh g–1 at 30 C. In addition the red P pretreatment method can be applied to potassium metal anodes. Outstanding performance is also achieved in K||K cells with the formation of a KxPy protecting layer (550 h at 0.5 mA cm–2, 0.5 mAh cm–2). The artificial P‐derived protection approach can also be extended to solid‐state alkali metal batteries with high power density and energy density.
Magnetic Field Assisted Construction of Hollow Red P Nanospheres Confined in Hierarchical N‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets/Nanotubes 3D Framework for Efficient Potassium Storage
Authors: Qin Guohui , Liu Yihui , Liu Fusheng , Sun Xuan , Hou Linrui , Liu Bingbing , Yuan Changzhou
Published: December 2020

Red P has drawn extensive attention as a promising low‐cost anode for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) thanks to its large theoretical capacity and natural abundance. However, serious pulverization/aggregation issues during consecutive cycles and sluggish kinetics limit its practical commercial applications. Herein, hollow red P nanospheres confined in hierarchical N‐doped carbon nanosheets/nanotubes framework are designed and controllably fabricated via a simple yet efficient magnetic field assisted methodology. The involved magnetic field induced formation mechanism of the 3D hybrid architecture is tentatively put forward here. Comprehensive physicochemical/structural characteristics and theoretical simulation authenticate that the resultant hybrid anode is endowed with exceptional structural/compositional merits, which ameliorate volumetric expansion/compression over potassiation/depotassiation processes, and guarantee abundant active sites, rigid structure stability, and convenient electronic/ionic transport network for efficient potassium storage. As a result, the unique hollow red P based hybrid electrode delivers superb electrochemical performance in both half and full cells in terms of reversible capacities, rate properties, and long‐duration cycling behaviors as a competitive anode toward advanced PIBs. More significantly, this work proposes an innovative strategy for efficient fabrication of hollow red P architectures for next‐generation PIBs and beyond.
Field‐Induced Radial Junction for Dopant‐Free Crystalline Silicon Microwire Solar Cells with an Efficiency of Over 20%
Authors: Choi Deokjae , Seo Kwanyong
Published: December 2020

Radial junctions on crystalline silicon (c‐Si) microwire structures considerably reduce the diffusion length of photoinduced minority carriers required for energy generation by decoupling light absorption and carrier separation in orthogonal spatial directions. Hence, radial junctions mitigate the need for high‐purity materials, and thus reduce the fabrication cost of c‐Si solar cells. In this study, the formation of dopant‐free radial junctions from atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 on an n‐c‐Si microwire surface is reported. ALD‐Al2O3 generates a p+ inversion layer, which eventually forms the radial junction on the n‐c‐Si surface. The width of depletion region induced by the p+ inversion layer is calculated from PC1D simulation as 900 nm. The fabricated dopant‐free radial junction c‐Si solar cells exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 20.1%, which is higher than those of previously reported microwire‐based radial junction solar cells. Notably, internal quantum efficiencies of over 90% are obtained in the 300–980 nm wavelength region, thereby verifying the successful formation of radial junctions.
“Essential non‐essentials”:COVID‐19policy missteps inNigeria rooted in persistent myths aboutAfrican food supply chains
Authors: Liverpool‐Tasie Lenis Saweda O. , Reardon Thomas , Belton Ben
Published: December 2020

Food supply chains are extremely important for food access and livelihoods across Africa, but their role is often overlooked and underappreciated. Under normal conditions, the gap between myth and reality can result in the design of policies and programs with limited or negative impacts on food security and welfare. The shock of COVID‐19 has heightened this disconnect, with potentially dire consequences for food security. This paper demonstrates the importance of recognizing and accounting for the essential role of food supply chains when designing policy and interventions, particularly in response to COVID‐19, and provides recommendations for action based on current realities.
Cerebro‐oculo‐facio‐skeletal syndrome caused by the homozygous pathogenic variant Gly47Arg in ERCC2
Authors: Reunert Janine , van den Heuvel Alijda , Rust Stephan , Marquardt Thorsten
Published: December 2020

DNA damage repair is a pivotal mechanism in life. The nucleotide excision repair pathway protects the cells against DNA damage and involves XPD, an ATP dependent helicase that is part of the multisubunit protein complex TFIIH. XPD is encoded by the excision repair cross‐complementation group 2 gene (ERCC2). Only three patients with cerebro‐oculo‐facio‐skeletal syndrome (COFS), caused by mutations in ERCC2, have been published so far. This report describes a boy with the homozygous amino acid change p.Gly47Arg in XPD. He presented with profound microcephaly, psychomotor retardation, failure to thrive, cutaneous photosensitivity, a bilateral hearing deficit and optic atrophy, thrombocytopenia, and recurrent episodes of pneumonia. We report the first homozygous occurrence of the pathogenic variant Gly47Arg in the ERCC2 gene. Occurring homozygous, this variant was associated with COFS syndrome, leading to early death of the patient at the age of 21 months.
Ranging behavior and the potential for territoriality in pair‐living titi monkeys (Plecturocebus discolor)
Authors: Van Belle Sarie , Porter Amy M. , Fernandez‐Duque Eduardo , Di Fiore Anthony
Published: December 2020

Patterns of ranging behavior and space use are key for evaluating current ideas about the evolution and maintenance of pair‐living and sexual monogamy as they provide insights into the dispersion of females, the potential for territoriality, and whether males are limited to defending an area that can support only one female and her offspring. We examined ranging behavior and space use to evaluate the potential for territoriality in five groups of red titi monkeys (Plecturocebus discolor) during a 10‐year study in Ecuadorian Amazonia. Mean home range size, calculated using a time‐sensitive local convex hull estimation procedure, was 4.0 ± 1.4 ha. Annual home ranges of neighboring groups overlapped, on average, 0%–7%. Mean daily path length was 670 ± 194 m, resulting in defendability indices of 2.2–3.6 across groups. Groups visited, on average, 4 of 12 sections of their home range border area per day, but that was not more often than would be expected by chance, and intergroup encounters were infrequent. We did not find evidence of active monitoring for intruders in border areas, in that groups did not travel either faster or slower when at the border than when in central areas of their range. The absence of overt monitoring might be compensated for by engaging in loud calls, which the study groups did throughout their home ranges; these calls may serve as an advertisement of occupancy and a deterrent to intruding conspecifics. Our finding that red titis have a high potential for territoriality is consistent with several of the main hypotheses proposed to explain pair‐living in mammals.
Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Low Voltage Loss Achieved by a Pyridine‐Based Dopant‐Free Polymer Semiconductor
Authors: Sun Xianglang , Li Zhen , Yu Xinyu , Wu Xin , Zhong Cheng , Liu Danjun , Lei Dangyuan , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Li Zhong'an , Zhu Zonglong
Published: December 2020

Currently, the performance improvement for inverted perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) is mainly limited by the high open circuit voltage (VOC) loss caused by detrimental non‐radiative recombination (NRR) processes. Herein, we report a simple and efficient way to simultaneously reduce the NRR processes inside perovskites and at the interface by rationally designing a new pyridine‐based polymer hole‐transporting material (HTM),PPY2, which exhibits suitable energy levels with perovskites, high hole mobility, effective passivation of the uncoordinated Pb2+and iodide defects, as well as the capability of promoting the formation of high‐quality polycrystalline perovskite films. In absence of any dopants, the inverted PVSCs usingPPY2as the HTM deliver an encouraging PCE up to 22.41 % with a smallVOCloss (0.40 V), among the best device performances for inverted PVSCs reported so far. Furthermore,PPY2‐based unencapsulated devices show an excellent long‐term photostability, and over 97 % of its initial PCE can be maintained after one sun constant illumination for 500 h.
Enantioselective Synthesis of 3,3′‐Disubstituted 2‐Amino‐2′‐hydroxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyls by Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Zhao Xiao‐Jing , Li Zi‐Hao , Ding Tong‐Mei , Tian Jin‐Miao , Tu Yong‐Qiang , Wang Ai‐Fang , Xie Yu‐Yang
Published: December 2020

A challenging direct asymmetric catalytic aerobic oxidative cross‐coupling of 2‐naphthylamine and 2‐naphthol, using a novel CuI/SPDO system, has been successfully developed for the first time. Enantioenriched 3,3′‐disubstituted NOBINs were achieved and could be readily derived to divergent chiral ligands and catalysts. This reaction features high enantioselectivities (up to 96 % ee) and good yields (up to 80 %). The DFT calculations suggest that the F–H interactions between CF3 of L17 and H‐1,8 of 2‐naphthol, and the π–π stacking between the two coupling partners could play vital roles in the enantiocontrol of this cross‐coupling reaction.
Bifunctional luminescent Eu metal–organic framework for sensing nitroaromatic pollutants and Fe3+ ion with high sensitivity and selectivity
Authors: Li Zhipeng , Zhu Xiaopeng , Gao Enjun , Wu Shuangyan , Zhang Ying , Zhu Mingchang
Published: December 2020

In recent years, heavy metal ions and nitroaromatic explosives in environmental pollutants have been a serious threat to human health due to their high toxicity, carcinogenicity, and nondegradability. The detection of metal ions and nitroaromatics has become an urgent problem. In this paper, a new water stable luminescent Eu‐based metal–organic framework ([Eu(L)(DMF)2]n) was prepared by the reaction of rigid ligand H3L (3,5‐bis‐(3‐carboxyphenoxy)benzoic acid) and Eu (NO3)3·6H2O under solvothermal conditions. Luminescent detection of the nitroaromatic compounds and metal ions showed that the complex had high sensitivity to Fe3+, o‐nitrophenol, p‐nitrophenol, and m‐nitrophenol.
α‐Amylase and cellulase production by novel halotolerant Bacillus sp.PM06 isolated from sugarcane pressmud
Authors: Rajesh Rekha , Gummadi Sathyanarayana N.
Published: December 2020

A novel Bacillus sp.PM06 isolated from sugarcane waste pressmud was tested for extracellular α‐amylase and cellulase enzyme production. The effect of different substrates, nitrogen sources, pH, and temperature on growth and extracellular enzyme production was examined. Bacillus sp.PM06 was able to grow with starch and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a sole source of carbon and ammonium chloride was found to be the best nitrogen source. Maximum enzyme production was obtained at 48 H for both α‐amylase and cellulase. The optimal condition for measuring enzyme activity was found to be pH 5.5 at 50 °C for α‐amylase and pH 6.4 at 60 °C for cellulase respectively. It was found that Bacillus sp.PM06 exhibited halotolerance up to 2 M Sodium chloride (NaCl) and Potassium chloride (KCl). The isolate could produce α‐amylase in the presence of 2 M NaCl and 1 M KCl. However, the strain produced cellulase even in the presence of 2 M NaCl and KCl. Concomitant production of both enzymes was observed when the medium was supplemented with starch and CMC. A maximum of 31 ± 1.15 U/mL of amylase and 15 ± 1.5 U/mL of cellulase was produced in 48 H. The enzyme was partially purified by Ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4 precipitation with 2.2 and 2.3‐fold purification.
Joint frailty model for recurrent events and death in presence of cure fraction: Application to breast cancer data
Authors: Talebi‐Ghane Elaheh , Baghestani AhmadReza , Zayeri Farid , Rondeau Virgine , Akhavan Ali
Published: December 2020

In many biomedical cohort studies, recurrent or repeated events for individuals can be terminated by a dependent terminal event like death. In this context, the time of death may be associated with the underlying recurrent process and there often exists the dependence between the occurrences of recurrent events. Moreover, there are some situations in which a portion of patients could be cured. In the present study, the term “cured” means that some patients may neither experience any recurrent events nor death induced by the disease under study. We proposed a joint frailty model in the presence of cure fraction for analysis of the recurrent and terminal events and estimated the effect of covariates on the cure rate and both aforementioned events concurrently. The use of two independent gamma distributed frailties in this model enabled us to consider both the dependence between the recurrences and the survival times and the interrecurrences dependence. The model parameters were estimated employing the maximum likelihood method for a piecewise constant and a parametric baseline hazard function. Our proposed model was evaluated by a simulation study and illustrated using a real data set on patients with breast cancer who had undergone surgery.
Synthesis and Structure of a New Pentanary One‐Dimensional Palladium Thiophosphate, K2PdPS4I
Authors: Yoon Woojin , Yun Hoseop
Published: December 2020

The new pentanary thiophosphate, K2PdPS4I was prepared with the use of the reactive halide flux and the crystal structure of the compound was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction method. The structure of K2PdPS4I is comprised of anionic infinite one‐dimensional [PdPS4−] chains separated from one another by the K+ ions. In addition, The K+ ions surround the I− ions through ionic interactions, but there is no direct contact between I− and S2− ions. Although the title compound, K2PdPS4I can be regarded as a combination of KPdPS4 and KI, the one‐dimensional [PdPS4−] chain found in the title compound is different from that of the previously reported KPdPS4. The bond valence calculations and the structural features indicate that the charge balance of the title compound should be described as [K+]2[Pd2+][P5+][S2−]4[I−].
Establishment of import tolerance for the insecticide thiacloprid in strawberry
Authors: Rahman Md. Musfiqur , Oh Young Goun , Lee Dong‐Gi , Moon Joon‐Kwan , Shim Jae‐Han , Cho Il Kyu
Published: December 2020

To promote exports, import tolerance (IT) of thiacloprid in strawberry was proposed using the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) maximum residue limit (MRL) calculator after conducting three different field trials. The pre‐harvest interval of residual pattern and degradation dynamics of thiacloprid in strawberry were determined using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile and a mixture of salts and dilution was performed for purification. A six‐point matrix‐matched calibration curve was constructed which provided excellent linearity with coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9998 or more. Detection and quantification limits were 0.003 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. The method was validated in quintuplicate at three different concentrations, which resulted in acceptable recovery ranging from 80.86% to 101.71% with relative standard deviation of 6.50 or less among the three field sites. The developed method was applied to the field‐treated sample harvested at different intervals. In the pre‐harvest interval trial, the amount of thiacloprid residues ranged from 0.24 to 0.70 mg/kg in field site 1 (Nonsan), 0.16 to 0.50 mg/kg in field site 2 (Sunchang), and 0.36 to 0.50 mg/kg in field site 3 (Sacheon). By contrast, in the degradation trial, the observed residues were 0.03–0.81 mg/kg in field site 1 and 0.02–0.48 mg/kg in field site 2. Consequently, the IT of thiacloprid in strawberry using the OECD MRL calculator was proposed as 2 mg/kg, which is exactly the same as the MRL established by the Republic of Korea. In conclusion, the residue study proposes 2.0 mg/kg as the MRL of thiacloprid in strawberries.
Enduring Systemic Changes: Lessons From TAACCCT
Authors: Freeman Jennifer , Lagarde Christian , Acevedo Erica
Published: December 2020

This chapter describes examples of Trade Adjustment Assistance Community College and Career Training‐funded innovations that resulted in statewide systemic change, including approaches to accelerate adult credential attainment, new approaches to data collection and analysis, enhanced individualized student support, and stronger industry alignment.
Use of Developmental Evaluation for Organizational Learning
Authors: Dunham Kate , Negoita Marian
Published: December 2020

In this chapter, we draw on the data collected during our evaluations of six TAACCCT grants to describe the challenges, successes, and transformative effect of adopting a developmental evaluation approach for community college programs.
Optical coherence tomography analysis of late lumen enlargement after paclitaxel‐coated balloon angioplasty for de‐novo coronary artery disease
Authors: Sogabe Koji , Koide Masahiro , Fukui Kento , Kato Yukinori , Kitajima Hiroki , Akabame Satoshi , Zen Kan , Nakamura Takeshi , Matoba Satoaki
Published: December 2020

Background

Paclitaxel‐coated balloon angioplasty for de‐novo coronary artery lesions causes late lumen enlargement (LLE), however, the mechanisms and predictors of LLE have not been elucidated.

Methods and Results

We retrospectively analyzed 91 consecutive patients with 95 de‐novo coronary lesions, who underwent paclitaxel‐coated balloon angioplasty without stenting from August 2018 to July 2019 as well as follow‐up coronary angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The mean follow‐up duration was 8.2 ± 2.9 months. The target lesion revascularization rate was 7.3%. OCT demonstrated LLE in 50.5% of lesions. The lesions with LLE had a higher incidence of vessel enlargement (76.6 vs. 29.2%, p < .01), regression of plaque or dissection flap (55.3 vs. 10.4%, p < 0.01; 40.4 vs. 14.6%, p < .01, respectively), and reattachment and healing of dissection flaps (74.5 vs. 27.1%, p < .01) compared with those without LLE. Preprocedure thick‐cap fibroatheroma plaques and postprocedure deep dissection reaching the tunica media were positive predictors of LLE (hazard ratio, HR 3.74 [1.93–7.25], p < .001; HR 2.04 [1.02–4.05], p < .05, respectively).

Conclusions

OCT analysis after paclitaxel‐coated balloon treatment of de‐novo coronary artery lesions revealed that the mechanism of LLE was associated with vessel enlargement, healing of dissection flaps, and regression of plaque or dissection flap. Preprocedure thick‐cap fibroatheroma plaques and postprocedure deep dissection reaching the tunica media on OCT were predictors of LLE.
Isolated tricuspid valve infective endocarditis with multiple septic pulmonary emboli in a patient with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Shioya Nobuki , Inoue Nozomu , Miyano Erina , Nakayama Miyabi , Tsukamoto Yuki , Hazama Koji , Shichinohe Yasuo
Published: December 2020

Multiple lung nodules in atopic dermatitis patients may reflect infective endocarditis. Our case underlines the importance of potentially severe infections due to staphylococci associated with atopic dermatitis.
Conductive Na2Zn2TeO6 Filler Modified Gel Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Application in Sodium‐Ions Batteries
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Liu Zehua , Wang Yingqi , Chen Jingjing , Mao Zhiyong , Wang Dajian
Published: December 2020

Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are preferable in energy storage devices, owing to their high ionic conductivity and excellent compatibility with electrodes. In the current work, sodium‐conductive Na2Zn2TeO6 filler modified GPE membranes are fabricated, and their application performances in sodium‐ions batteries (SIBs) are demonstrated. With the modification of Na2Zn2TeO6 filler, the ionic conductivity of the GPEs is enhanced significantly, due to the decreased crystallinity and enlarged porosity of polymer membranes induced by Na2Zn2TeO6 modifier, which itself is a high ionic conductor. The modified GPE membranes exhibit enhanced ionic conductivity as high as 2.52×10−3 S/cm with a low activation energy of approximately 0.040 eV. The assembled Na3V2(PO4)3/C|GPE|Na battery delivers a high first discharge capacity of 93.3 mAh ⋅ g−1 at 0.5 C and promising capacity retention capability (98.4 % after 100 cycles) as well as excellent rate performance (83.5 mAh ⋅ g−1 at 5 C). This work proves that the performances of GPEs can be enhanced with the modification of ionic conductors similar to Na2Zn2TeO6, promoting the application of GPEs in energy storage devices.
Organic Materials as Electrodes in Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Weisheng , Huang Weiwei , Zhang Qichun
Published: December 2020

The integrated advantages of organic electrode materials and potassium metal make the organic potassium‐ion batteries (OPIBs) promising secondary batteries. This review summarizes the latest research progress on OPIBs according to the different types of electrode materials (namely, organic small molecules compounds, polymers, and frameworks (metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs)). Additionally, the research prospects and outlook for OPIBs are also provided.
Clinical effects and applications of the gut microbiome in hematologic malignancies
Authors: D’Angelo Christopher R. , Sudakaran Sailendharan , Callander Natalie S.
Published: December 2020

The gut microbiome and its effects on host immunity have exciting implications for cancer prognosis and therapy. Examples in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) demonstrate the role of the gut microbiome as a biomarker for clinical outcomes, and animal models demonstrate how microbiota manipulation may augment therapeutic responses. There are multiple mechanisms that gut microbiota may have in affecting distant tumor environments, including control of cytokine release, dendritic cell activation, and T‐cell lymphocyte stimulation. Recently, there has been a marked interest in understanding interactions between host and microbiome in hematologic malignancies. This review summarizes the current understanding of the gut microbiome and its impact on leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and allo‐SCT and highlights several broad methods for targeting the gut microbiome in therapeutic trials.
Enhanced Nanostructure Dynamics on Au(111) with Adsorbed Sulfur due to Au−S Complex Formation
Authors: Spurgeon Peter M. , Liu Da‐Jiang , Windus Theresa L. , Evans James W. , Thiel Patricia A.
Published: December 2020

Chemisorbed species can enhance the fluxional dynamics of nanostructured metal surfaces which has implications for applications such as catalysis. Scanning tunneling microscopy studies at room temperature reveal that the presence of adsorbed sulfur (S) greatly enhances the decay rate of 2D Au islands in the vicinity of extended step edges on Au(111). This enhancement is already significant at S coverages,θS, of a few hundredths of a monolayer (ML), and is most pronounced for 0.1–0.3 ML where the decay rate is increased by a factor of around 30. ForθSclose to saturation at about 0.6 ML, sulfur induces pitting and reconstruction of the entire surface, and Au islands are stabilized. Enhanced coarsening at lowerθSis attributed to the formation and diffusion across terraces of Au−S complexes, particularly AuS2and Au4S4, with some lesser contribution from Au3S4. This picture is supported by density functional theory analysis of complex formation energies and diffusion barriers.
The fate of Meconopsis species in the Tibeto‐Himalayan region under future climate change
Authors: Wang Wen‐Ting , Guo Wen‐Yong , Jarvie Scott , Svenning Jens‐Christian
Published: December 2020

High‐mountain areas such as the Tibeto‐Himalayan region (THR) host cold‐adapted biota expected to be sensitive to anthropogenic climate change. Meconopsis is a representative endangered genus confined to alpine meadow or subnival habitats in the THR. We used climate‐niche factor analysis to study the vulnerability of ten Meconopsis species to climate change, comparing current climate (representative of 1960–1990) to future climate scenarios (2070: average 2061–2080). For these ten Meconopsis species, we then identified potential future climate refugia and determined optimal routes for each species to disperse to the proposed refugia. Our results indicate that for the ten Meconopsis species, the regions with low vulnerability to climate change in the THR are the central Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, the Hengduan Mountains (HDM), the eastern Himalayas, and the West Qinling Mountain (WQL), and can be considered potential future climate refugia. Under future climate change, we found for the ten Meconopsis species potential dispersal routes to three of the four identified refugia: the HDM, the eastern Himalayas, and the WQL. Our results suggest that past refugia on the THR will also be the future climate refugia for the ten Meconopsis species, and these species may potentially persist in multiple future climate refugia, likely reducing risks from climate change. Furthermore, climate change may affect the threat ranking of Red Listed Species for Meconopsis species, as Least Concern species were estimated to become more vulnerable to climate change than the only Near Threatened species.
Implications for the mesopelagic microbial gardening hypothesis as determined by experimental fragmentation of Antarctic krill fecal pellets
Authors: Cavan Emma L. , Kawaguchi So , Boyd Philip W.
Published: December 2020

Detritivores need to upgrade their food to increase its nutritional value. One method is to fragment detritus promoting the colonization of nutrient‐rich microbes, which consumers then ingest along with the detritus; so‐called microbial gardening. Observations and numerical models of the detritus‐dominated ocean mesopelagic zone have suggested microbial gardening by zooplankton is a fundamental process in the ocean carbon cycle leading to increased respiration of carbon‐rich detritus. However, no experimental evidence exists to demonstrate that microbial respiration rates are higher on recently fragmented sinking detrital particles.

Using aquaria‐reared Antarctic krill fecal pellets, we showed fragmentation increased microbial particulate organic carbon (POC) turnover by 1.9×, but only on brown fecal pellets, formed from the consumption of other pellets. Microbial POC turnover on un‐ and fragmented green fecal pellets, formed from consuming fresh phytoplankton, was equal. Thus, POC content, fragmentation, and potentially nutritional value together drive POC turnover rates.

Mesopelagic microbial gardening could be a risky strategy, as the dominant detrital food source is settling particles; even though fragmentation decreases particle size and sinking rate, it is unlikely that an organism would remain with the particle long enough to nutritionally benefit from attached microbes. We propose “communal gardening” occurs whereby additional mesopelagic organisms nearby or below the site of fragmentation consume the particle and the colonized microbes.

To determine how fragmentation impacts the remineralization of sinking carbon‐rich detritus and to parameterize microbial gardening in mesopelagic carbon models, three key metrics from further controlled experiments and observations are needed; how particle composition (here, pellet color/krill diet) impacts the response of microbes to the fragmentation of particles; the nutritional benefit to zooplankton from ingesting microbes after fragmentation along with identification of which essential nutrients are being targeted; how both these factors vary between physical (shear) and biological particle fragmentation.
The cost of ectoparasitism in Cliff Swallows declines over 35 years
Authors: Brown Charles R. , Hannebaum Stacey L. , O’Brien Valerie A. , Page Catherine E. , Rannala Bruce , Roche Erin A. , Wagnon Gigi S. , Knutie Sarah A. , Moore Amy T. , Brown Mary B.
Published: December 2020

Host–parasite dynamics often vary over time, brought about by changes in the parasite’s virulence or the host’s ability to resist or tolerate the parasite. Although virulence evolution in microparasites is well studied, we know little about temporal change in the pathogenicity of macroparasites such as blood‐feeding insects. Using data collected over 35 yr, we report a reduction in pathogenicity of the hematophagous swallow bug (Cimex vicarius) on its Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) host. Relative to experimentally fumigated, parasite‐free nests, the negative effects of bugs on nestling swallow body mass and survival were less in the later years of the study than in the earlier years, and the negative relationship between nestling body mass and bug abundance became weaker over time. The survival of adult birds exposed to swallow bugs increased throughout the study, while survival of birds from parasite‐free nests decreased over time. Swallow bug abundance per nest, bug body size, and bug age ratios did not change during the study. Between‐colony transmission of bugs showed less immigration into larger colonies than in earlier studies, but there was no net change in transmission. Cliff Swallows did not reduce their exposure to bugs over time by being more likely to avoid infested nest or colony sites. Parents increased the number of food deliveries to their offspring over time in the presence of parasites, but the total amount of food delivered was unchanged. The reduced cost of swallow bug ectoparasitism does not seem related to changes in parasite narrow‐sense virulence, the host’s avoidance of parasites, the presence of alternative hosts for bugs, or climate‐driven phenological mismatches. The results probably reflect the Cliff Swallow’s evolving of greater tolerance to swallow bugs, brought about by the bird’s shift from natural cliff nesting sites to artificial structures that may harbor more bugs than natural cliffs. This study shows that hosts can respond relatively rapidly to high levels of parasitism, and provides support for models that suggest the evolution of tolerance should be expected in some host–parasite systems.
Flexible Piezoelectric Chitosan and Barium Titanate Biocomposite Films for Sensor Applications
Authors: Guzmán Sierra Dayana L. , Bdikin Igor , Tkach Alexander , Vilarinho Paula M. , Nunes Cláudia , Ferreira Paula
Published: December 2020

There is currently a demand for flexible biomedical sensors. Characteristics as soft, thin, elastic, flexible and comfortable to the contact with skin should be matched with performance and ultimately made of sustainable, and biocompatible materials. In this work, chitosan as a flexible biodegradable polymeric matrix was combined with ferroelectric BaTiO3 particles obtained by hydrothermal synthesis to prepare flexible films. The biocomposites have high flexibility and the addition of particles improves the elasticity of pristine chitosan films. Of relevance towards the targeted application, the biocomposites exhibit a better resistance to water than chitosan. The dielectric permittivity increases with the addition of BaTiO3 particles. The observation of d33 and d15 by PFM, confirms the presence of piezoelectric domains corresponding to the location of BaTiO3 particles. These results contribute to the understanding of the role of functional oxides on the chemical and physical behavior of biobased polymers, creating opportunities to design optimized and more sustainable flexible piezoelectric sensor films.
A Tunable Amorphous Heteronuclear Iron and Cobalt Imidazolate Framework Analogue for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Zhao Qingyun , Lin Xiao , Zhou Jing , Zhao Chong , Zheng Dehua , Song Sanzhao , Jing Chao , Zhang Linjuan , Wang Jian‐Qiang
Published: December 2020

The structural diversity and tunable functionality of the amorphous metal‐organic frameworks (aMOFs) highlights this class of materials as a promising candidate for the development of sustainable energy technologies. The electrocatalytic performance in oxygen evolution reaction (OER) can be greatly improved by incorporating the hetero‐metallics into MOFs. Herein, the OER performance was significantly improved by the incorporation of Fe3+ ions into the crystalline cobalt‐based MOF, leading to amorphous structure. Benefiting from the optimized surface morphology and electrochemical surface area, charge transport, was greatly facilitated. The Fe/Co aMOF with 1/4 ratio (labeled as AFC‐MOFs (1 : 4)) exhibited an excellent and stable OER activity, with an ultralow overpotential (256 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and Tafel slope of 42.7 mV dec−1. XAS found that the majority of Co2+ in AFC‐MOFs (1 : 4) is converted to low‐spin Co3+ upon OER, while Fe3+ is maintained during the OER process, supporting the synergistic catalytic mechanism between Fe and Co. This material outperforms benchmark IrO2, which could be attributed to the hollow amorphous structure and the optimized electronic properties.
From Missing Links to New Records: A Series of Novel Polychlorine Anions
Authors: Voßnacker Patrick , Keilhack Thomas , Schwarze Nico , Sonnenberg Karsten , Seppelt Konrad , Malischewski Moritz , Riedel Sebastian
Published: December 2020

Herein we report the synthesis and structural characterization of four novel polychloride compounds. The compounds [CCl(NMe2)2][Cl(Cl2)3] and [NPr4][Cl(Cl2)4] have been obtained from the reaction of the corresponding chloride salts with elemental chlorine at low temperature. They are the missing links in the series of polychloride monoanions [Cl(Cl)n]− (n=1–6). Additionally, the reaction of decamethylferrocene with elemental chlorine was studied yielding [Cp*2Fe]2[Cl20], which contains the largest known polychloride [Cl20]2− to date, and [Cp*2Fe][Cl(Cl2)4(HF)], which is the first example of a polychloride‐HF network stabilized by strong hydrogen and halogen bonding. All compounds have been characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and quantum‐chemical calculations.
Characterization of hypercrosslinked polymer adsorbent based on carbazole to achieve higher CO2 capture
Authors: Ramezanipour Penchah Hamid , Najafi Pegah , Ghaemi Ahad , Ghanadzadeh Gilani Hossein
Published: December 2020

In this study, a hypercrosslinked polymer (HCP) adsorbent based on Friedel–Crafts reaction and carbazole as a monomer was synthesized and used for CO2 capture. The HCP adsorbent is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller analysis, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The effects of crosslinker to carbazole ratio, synthesis time and catalyst type, and their interactions were evaluated by response surface methodology using central composite design. The result showed that the optimum adsorption capacity (191.2 mg/g) was obtained at a crosslinker to carbazole ratio of 2.7, synthesis time of 11.2 h, and FeCl3 as catalyst of the reaction. The experimental adsorption data fitted by adsorption isotherm and kinetic models in the optimized parameter values and correlation coefficient (R2) were considered to select the best model. The results showed that Hill isotherm and Elovich kinetic models have higher R2 values than other models. Finally, the feasibility of the adsorption process was determined by thermodynamic modeling and enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy differences of adsorption at 298.15 K and 5 bar were calculated −15.035 kJ/mol, −0.025 kJ/mol.K and −7.822 kJ/mol, respectively.
Acute Polychlorinated Biphenyl Benthic Invertebrate Toxicity Testing to Support the 2017 Chronic Dose–Response Sediment Injury Model
Authors: Finkelstein Kenneth , Wirth Edward F. , Chung K.W. , Shaddrix B.S. , Pisarski E.C. , Rios C.
Published: December 2020

As managers and decision makers evaluate pollutant risk, it is critical that we are able to measure an assessment of the injury. Often, these estimates are difficult to determine for benthic organisms, so in 2017 a chronic polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) sediment dose–response model to predict benthic invertebrate injury was proposed. Given both natural resource trustee and consultant questions following publication concerning that the aqueous chronic toxicity testing data used in the 2017 model development were primarily from the 1970s and 1980s, this follow-up short communication is meant to provide the user some additional data that are more recent. With the advances in analytical and quantitative environmental chemistry (i.e., better detection limits and congener separation), we chose to complete acute aquatic toxicity testing using 3 estuarine invertebrates and lethal endpoints (20 and 50% lethal concentrations). This acute testing was selected because chronic aquatic testing for PCBs outside of the data used in the 2017 study was not available to us. The aquatic results used in the present study were changed to sediment using equilibrium partitioning, as done in the 2017 chronic model, after using the same organic–carbon partition coefficient and total organic carbon for our equilibrium partitioning (EqP)–measured calculations. Based on these acute aquatic toxicity results and a general acute-to-chronic injury concentration ratio of approximately 10, we found that the 2017 model was valid and, hence, that a 1.0 µg/g chronic PCB sediment criterion is a reasonable estimation of potential benthic invertebrate injury. This was followed by spiked sediment tests where percent acute sediment injury was compared to the EqP-derived chronic value and the results from 2017; modest agreement is shown. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1188–1193. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.