bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-presentation at hospital following a suicide attempt: a national survey
Authors: Jollant Fabrice , Hawton Keith , Vaiva Guillaume , Chan-Chee Christine , du Roscoat Enguerrand , Leon Christophe
Published: July 2020

Background

A few previous studies suggest that a large number of individuals do not present at hospital following a suicide attempt, complicating recurrence prevention and prevalence estimation.

Methods

Data were extracted from a regular phone survey in representative samples of the French population aged 18–75 years old. Five surveys between 2000 and 2017 collected data about the occurrence of a previous suicide attempt and subsequent care contacts. A total of 102,729 individuals were surveyed. Among them, 6,500 (6.4%) reported a lifetime history of suicide attempt.

Results

Following their last suicide attempt, 39.3% reported they did not present to hospital (53.4% in 18–24 year-olds), with limited changes in rates with time. Risk factors for non-presentation were being male [adjusted odds ratio = 1.3, 95% confidence interval (1.1–1.5)], living with someone [1.2 (1.0–1.4)], being a non-smoker [1.4 (1.2–1.6)], and being younger at time of attempt [0.97 (0.96–0.98) per year]. Of those who did not present to hospital, only 37.7% reported visiting a doctor or a psychiatrist/psychologist after their act v. 67.1% in those who presented to hospital (as a second health contact). In both cases, half disclosed their act to someone else. Prevalence rates of suicide attempts reported in community were 4.6 times higher than those in hospital administrative databases.

Conclusions

This survey at a national level confirmed that a large proportion of individuals does not go to the hospital and does not meet any health care professionals following a suicidal act. Assessment of unmet needs is necessary.
English as a facilitator of social mobility in India
Authors: Sharma Abhimanyu
Published: July 2020

In the introduction to the book he co-edited, Social Justice through Multilingual Education, Mohanty (2009: 3) mentions how, while conducting research in a remote underdeveloped area of the Indian state of Orissa, he came across a schoolboy who asked him about the purpose of his research. The schoolboy told him that indigenous tribal people in ‘this part of the world’ were the subject of too much research, but ‘nothing has changed, nothing will’ (ibid.). Mohanty (ibid.) notes that the encounter had a lasting impact on his thinking and academic work. This is reflected in the ideas underpinning the above-named book that focuses on the question of designing education in a manner that brings social justice to learners. One of its central points concerns the role of English in the Indian education system. It focuses especially on the debate of whether an English-medium education for speakers of minority languages further endangers their language. There are two seemingly intransigent approaches to the role of English in the Indian education system that shape the instrumentality vs. identity debate in language policy research. The instrumentality approach promotes English as a means of socioeconomic mobility for disadvantaged communities (Vaish, 2005; Weber, 2014). The identity approach argues that English-medium instruction leads to cultural alienation of schoolchildren and proposes mother-tongue-based multilingual education as the alternative (Skutnabb–Kangas et al., 2009; Mohanty, 2010). In this paper, I take a closer look at this debate by examining its four key aspects, namely the ‘decolonising’ role of English, language hierarchies, the linguistic double divide, and the problem of defining the term mother tongue. On the basis of this investigation, I describe the challenges this debate poses for policymakers, and explain why the instrumentality approach is a better way of addressing these challenges.
Assessment of technical errors and validation processes in economic models submitted by the company for NICE technology appraisals
Authors: Radeva Demi , Hopkin Gareth , Mossialos Elias , Borrill John , Osipenko Leeza , Naci Huseyin
Published: July 2020

Background

Economic models play a central role in the decision-making process of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Inadequate validation methods allow for errors to be included in economic models. These errors may alter the final recommendations and have a significant impact on outcomes for stakeholders.

Objective

To describe the patterns of technical errors found in NICE submissions and to provide an insight into the validation exercises carried out by the companies prior to submission.

Methods

All forty-one single technology appraisals (STAs) completed in 2017 by NICE were reviewed and all were on medicines. The frequency of errors and information on their type, magnitude, and impact was extracted from publicly available NICE documentation along with the details of model validation methods used.

Results

Two STAs (5 percent) had no reported errors, nineteen (46 percent) had between one and four errors, sixteen (39 percent) had between five and nine errors, and four (10 percent) had more than ten errors. The most common errors were transcription errors (29 percent), logic errors (29 percent), and computational errors (25 percent). All STAs went through at least one type of validation. Moreover, errors that were notable enough were reported in the final appraisal document (FAD) in eight (20 percent) of the STAs assessed but each of these eight STAs received positive recommendations.

Conclusions

Technical errors are common in the economic models submitted to NICE. Some errors were considered important enough to be reported in the FAD. Improvements are needed in the model development process to ensure technical errors are kept to a minimum.
THE “LAND OF FISH”: RECONSTRUCTING THE ANCIENT AQUATIC LIFEWAY IN MICHOACÁN, WESTERN MEXICO
Authors: Williams Eduardo
Published: July 2020

This article deals with the cultural activities linked to subsistence in aquatic environments (fishing, hunting, gathering, and manufacture) in Michoacán from ca. a.d. 1540 to the present. First, I present an ethnohistorical account of aquatic landscapes and resources based on the major written sources from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries. Second, I discuss the extant ethnographic information about subsistence activities in the Lake Pátzcuaro Basin (Michoacán) during the twentieth century. Finally, I discuss the archaeological implications of all the information presented here, through an ethnoarchaeological analysis of the subsistence strategies and the material culture associated with the aquatic lifeway in the study area. The main goal of this study is to provide bridging arguments for the reconstruction and interpretation (through analogy) of the archaeological assemblages associated with production and consumption activities in aquatic landscapes within the Tarascan region and elsewhere in Mesoamerica.
Staged repair of transposition of the great arteries with anomalous coronary anatomy and complete atrioventricular canal
Authors: Sabatino Marlena E. , Chalela Tomás , Sandoval Néstor
Published: July 2020

The association of complete atrioventricular canal with transposition of the great arteries is rare, with a prevalence of less than 3–5%. We present an 18-month-old patient with a complete atrioventricular canal, side-by-side transposition of the great arteries, and anomalous coronary anatomy, managed initially with pulmonary banding and then by arterial switch with complete atrioventricular canal repair at early infancy.
The effects of migration and pollution on cognitive skills in Caribbean economies: a theoretical analysis
Authors: Cassin Lesly
Published: July 2020

This work examines the interaction between demographic features and environmental constraints in Caribbean small island developing states. Specifically, it aims to clarify human capital dynamics when migration and environmental quality matter. To do so, two main ingredients are introduced in an overlapping generations model: countries may benefit from migration through a brain gain or remittances, and production emits pollution that hinders the accumulation of human capital. Two cases emerge from the analysis. In the first case, an environmental policy is sufficient to correct the externality, and migration should stay at a relatively low level. In the second case, if pollution emissions are high relative to the effectiveness of environmental policy, migration leads to an increase in per capita output and human capital. This only happens if the emigration rate is already high, because it leads to a reduction in demographic pressure on the environment.
Prevalence and strategies of energy drink, soda, processed snack, candy and restaurant product marketing on the online streaming platform Twitch
Authors: Pollack Catherine C , Kim Jason , Emond Jennifer A , Brand John , Gilbert-Diamond Diane , Masterson Travis D
Published: July 2020

Objective:

To evaluate the prevalence of food and beverage marketing on Twitch.tv (Twitch), a social media platform where individuals broadcast live audiovisual material to millions of daily users.

Design:

Observational analysis of the prevalence of 238 food and beverage brands in five distinct categories (processed snacks; food delivery services and restaurants; candies, energy drinks/coffees/teas; and sodas and other sugar-sweetened beverages) over the course of 18 months.

Setting:

Twitch streamer profiles and stream titles between January 2018 and July 2019. Twitch chat room messages during July 2019.

Participants:

None.

Results:

There was a significant increase in brand exposure on Twitch both in stream titles (sodas and candies, P < 0·05) and on streamer profiles (sodas, restaurants/food delivery services, candies, and energy drinks/coffees/teas, P < 0·05) over the 18-month study period. Energy drinks, coffees and teas had the most exposure with 1·08 billion exposure hours from profiles and 83 million exposure hours from titles. Restaurants/food delivery services and sugar-sweetened beverages were the most frequently mentioned products in chat rooms with 1·24 million messages and 1·10 million messages, respectively.

Conclusions:

This study is the first to demonstrate the extent by which food and beverage brands garner millions of hours of exposure on Twitch. Future studies should evaluate the impact that this level of exposure to nutrient-poor, energy-dense products may have on behavioural and health outcomes.
Angst und Depression in der Transition – Desiderate für eine verbesserte Versorgung und Forschung: Ergebnisse der gemeinsamen Task-Force Transition von DGPPN und DGKJP
Authors: Kölch Michael G. , Romanos Marcel , Roth-Sackenheim Christa , Schramm Elisabeth
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung. Affektive und Angststörungen sind häufige Erkrankungen und beginnen meist vor dem Erwachsenenalter. Die Behandlungsstrategien im Jugendalter unterscheiden sich von denen im Erwachsenenalter. In der Übergangsphase zum Erwachsenenalter besteht die Gefahr der Diskontinuität in der Behandlung, was gerade für die Integration in das Berufsleben hinderlich sein kann. Störungsspezifische Konzepte mit Bezug zu den besonderen Themen in diesem Alter müssen gemeinsam von der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Erwachsenenpsychiatrie entwickelt werden. Bisher fehlen transitionsspezifische Konzepte in der Forschung und Versorgungsplanung.
The Influence of Tattoo Content on Perceptions of Employment Suitability Across the Generational Divide
Authors: Tews Michael J. , Stafford Kathryn , Kudler Ethan P.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The present study extends research on tattoos and employment suitability by examining the extent to which the effects of tattoos on perceived competence and hiring recommendations are contingent upon the generational cohort of hiring managers, tattoo content, and candidate gender. Respondents evaluated hypothetical candidates in a between-subjects design framework. The results demonstrated that candidates with light (more innocent) tattoos were rated lower in perceived competence than candidates with dark (more threatening) tattoos or no tattoos. Regarding hiring recommendations, there were more nuances. Millennial hiring managers viewed candidates with light tattoos more positively than did older managers, and this generational difference was more pronounced for male candidates. Moreover, older hiring managers viewed male candidates with no tattoos more positively than millennials.
Judging Performance – General Mental Ability and the Convergence of Operational Performance Ratings
Authors: Speer Andrew B.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. This research examined whether general mental ability (GMA) predicts rater convergence with other performance measures in operational performance appraisals (PAs). GMA is consistently related to accurate judgments of others. However, contexts in which these effects have been examined differ from real PA environments. In this study, ratings from managers who also took a GMA test were compared to ratings from other knowledgeable sources (peers, subordinates, self). Ratings from managers with higher GMA converged more with others' evaluations of ratee job performance, with correlations ranging from .15 (peers) to .28 (self), and .30 with a composite across the three sources. These findings establish external validity in support of past research examining the relationship between GMA and PA rating convergence.
Will COVID’s Cleaner Skies Muddy Climate Models?
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: July 2020

Reduced greenhouse gas emissions for a year or two won’t slow down climate change, but they may throw off scientists’ ability to model short-term phenomena.
Dynamic modules of the coactivator SAGA in eukaryotic transcription
Authors: Cheon Youngseo , Kim Harim , Park Kyubin , Kim Minhoo , Lee Daeyoup
Published: July 2020

SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase) is a highly conserved transcriptional coactivator that consists of four functionally independent modules. Its two distinct enzymatic activities, histone acetylation and deubiquitylation, establish specific epigenetic patterns on chromatin and thereby regulate gene expression. Whereas earlier studies emphasized the importance of SAGA in regulating global transcription, more recent reports have indicated that SAGA is involved in other aspects of gene expression and thus plays a more comprehensive role in regulating the overall process. Here, we discuss recent structural and functional studies of each SAGA module and compare the subunit compositions of SAGA with related complexes in yeast and metazoans. We discuss the regulatory role of the SAGA deubiquitylating module (DUBm) in mRNA surveillance and export, and in transcription initiation and elongation. The findings suggest that SAGA plays numerous roles in multiple stages of transcription. Further, we describe how SAGA is related to human disease. Overall, in this report, we illustrate the newly revealed understanding of SAGA in transcription regulation and disease implications for fine-tuning gene expression.
Correlation between cognition and plasma noradrenaline level in Alzheimer’s disease: a potential new blood marker of disease evolution
Authors: Pillet Laure-Elise , Taccola Camille , Cotoni Justine , Thiriez Hervé , André Karine , Verpillot Romain
Published: July 2020

Recent evidence showing degeneration of the noradrenergic system in the locus coeruleus (LC) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has motivated great interest in noradrenaline (NA) as a potential brain hallmark of the disease. Despite the current exploration of blood markers for AD, the deregulation of the plasma NA concentration ([NA]plasma) in AD is currently not well understood. This retrospective study includes a cohort of 71 patients (32 AD patients, 22 with other dementia and 17 without dementia) who were given consultations for memory complaints in the Cognitive Neurology Center of Lariboisière (Paris) between 2009 and 2014. As previously described in brain tissue, we show for the first time a linear correlation between [NA]plasma and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score in AD patients. We observed that high [NA]plasma in AD patients was associated with higher [Aβ1–42]CSF than in other AD patients with [NA]plasma similar to NC patients. In parallel, we observed a lower (p-Tau/Tau)CSF in AD patients with low [NA]plasma than in non-AD patients with [NA]plasma similar to [NA]plasma in NC patients. Our data suggest that [NA]plasma could be a potential biomarker of disease evolution in the context of AD and could possibly improve early diagnosis.
MiR-1976 knockdown promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell properties inducing triple-negative breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Li Minghui , Han Xu , Wang Hui , Wang Xinyang , Ma Ge , Xia Tiansong , Wang Shui
Published: July 2020

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), characterized by high aggression and invasiveness, has a worse prognosis than other subtypes of breast cancer. Establishing a novel animal model is helpful to understand the mechanisms involved in the progress of TNBC metastasis. In a self-established mouse model consisting normal human breast tissues and normal human bone tissues, TNBC cell line SUM-1315 could spontaneously form species-specific bone metastasis. The expression level of miR-1976 in SUM-1315-bo (derived from metastatic bone tumor) was found lower than that in SUM-1315-br (derived from orthotopic breast tumor). MiR-1976 was found to be downregulated in TNBC tissues, and lower expression of miR-1976 was correlated with worse overall survival in a patient cohort obtained from TCGA database. MiR-1976 knockdown promoted epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC) properties in vitro and in vivo. Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma (PIK3CG) was verified as a target gene by sequencing, biotinylated miRNA pull-down, and luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, overexpression and suppression analysis implicated PIK3CG as a mediator of the biological effects of miR-1976. Our study demonstrated that miR-1976 knockdown could promote EMT and CSCs by PIK3CG. These findings may reveal mechanisms of TNBC metastasis, and represent a potential treatment target for patients with TNBC.
NCLX prevents cell death during adrenergic activation of the brown adipose tissue
Authors: Assali Essam A. , Jones Anthony E. , Veliova Michaela , Acín-Pérez Rebeca , Taha Mahmoud , Miller Nathanael , Shum Michaël , Oliveira Marcus F. , Las Guy , Liesa Marc , Sekler Israel , Shirihai Orian S.
Published: July 2020

A sharp increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ marks the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, yet the mechanisms preventing Ca2+ deleterious effects are poorly understood. Here, we show that adrenergic stimulation of BAT activates a PKA-dependent mitochondrial Ca2+ extrusion via the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, NCLX. Adrenergic stimulation of NCLX-null brown adipocytes (BA) induces a profound mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and impaired uncoupled respiration. Core body temperature, PET imaging of glucose uptake and VO2 measurements confirm a thermogenic defect in NCLX-null mice. We show that Ca2+ overload induced by adrenergic stimulation of NCLX-null BAT, triggers the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, leading to a remarkable mitochondrial swelling and cell death. Treatment with mPTP inhibitors rescue mitochondrial function and thermogenesis in NCLX-null BAT, while calcium overload persists. Our findings identify a key pathway through which BA evade apoptosis during adrenergic stimulation of uncoupling. NCLX deletion transforms the adrenergic pathway responsible for thermogenesis activation into a death pathway.
Dual RNA-seq of Orientia tsutsugamushi informs on host-pathogen interactions for this neglected intracellular human pathogen
Authors: Mika-Gospodorz Bozena , Giengkam Suparat , Westermann Alexander J. , Wongsantichon Jantana , Kion-Crosby Willow , Chuenklin Suthida , Wang Loo Chien , Sunyakumthorn Piyanate , Sobota Radoslaw M. , Subbian Selvakumar , Vogel Jörg , Barquist Lars , Salje Jeanne
Published: July 2020

Studying emerging or neglected pathogens is often challenging due to insufficient information and absence of genetic tools. Dual RNA-seq provides insights into host-pathogen interactions, and is particularly informative for intracellular organisms. Here we apply dual RNA-seq to Orientia tsutsugamushi (Ot), an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes the vector-borne human disease scrub typhus. Half the Ot genome is composed of repetitive DNA, and there is minimal collinearity in gene order between strains. Integrating RNA-seq, comparative genomics, proteomics, and machine learning to study the transcriptional architecture of Ot, we find evidence for wide-spread post-transcriptional antisense regulation. Comparing the host response to two clinical isolates, we identify distinct immune response networks for each strain, leading to predictions of relative virulence that are validated in a mouse infection model. Thus, dual RNA-seq can provide insight into the biology and host-pathogen interactions of a poorly characterized and genetically intractable organism such as Ot.
Recent accelerated diversification in rosids occurred outside the tropics
Authors: Sun Miao , Folk Ryan A. , Gitzendanner Matthew A. , Soltis Pamela S. , Chen Zhiduan , Soltis Douglas E. , Guralnick Robert P.
Published: July 2020

Conflicting relationships have been found between diversification rate and temperature across disparate clades of life. Here, we use a supermatrix comprising nearly 20,000 species of rosids—a clade of ~25% of all angiosperm species—to understand global patterns of diversification and its climatic association. Our approach incorporates historical global temperature, assessment of species’ temperature niche, and two broad-scale characterizations of tropical versus non-tropical niche occupancy. We find the diversification rates of most subclades dramatically increased over the last 15 million years (Myr) during cooling associated with global expansion of temperate habitats. Climatic niche is negatively associated with diversification rates, with tropical rosids forming older communities and experiencing speciation rates ~2-fold below rosids in cooler climates. Our results suggest long-term cooling had a disproportionate effect on non-tropical diversification rates, leading to dynamic young communities outside of the tropics, while relative stability in tropical climes led to older, slower-evolving but still species-rich communities.
Super hygroscopic nanofibrous membrane-based moisture pump for solar-driven indoor dehumidification
Authors: Zhang Yufei , Wu Lei , Wang Xianfeng , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin
Published: July 2020

Desiccants play vital roles in dehumidification and atmospheric water harvesting; however, current desiccants have mediocre hygroscopicity, limited recyclability, and high energy consumption. Herein, we report a wood-inspired moisture pump based on electrospun nanofibrous membrane for solar-driven continuous indoor dehumidification. The developed moisture pump with multilayer wood-like cellular networks and interconnected open channels is composed of a desiccant layer and a photothermal layer. The desiccant layer exhibits an unprecedented moisture absorption capacity of 3.01 g g−1 at 90% relative humidity (RH), fast moisture absorption and transport rates, enabling atmospheric water harvesting. The photothermal layer shows a high solar absorption of 93%, efficient solar thermal conversion, and good moisture permeability, thus promoting water evaporation. The moisture pump efficiently reduces the indoor relative humidity to a comfort level (40‒60% RH) under one-sun illumination. This work opens the way to develop new-generation, high-performance nanofibrous membrane-based desiccants for energy-efficient humidity control and atmospheric water harvesting.
π covalency in the halogen bond
Authors: Kellett Cameron W. , Kennepohl Pierre , Berlinguette Curtis P.
Published: July 2020

Halogen bonds are a highly directional class of intermolecular interactions widely employed in chemistry and chemical biology. This linear interaction is commonly viewed to be analogous to the hydrogen bond because hydrogen bonding models also intuitively describe the σ-symmetric component of halogen bonding. The possibility of π-covalency in a halogen bond is not contemplated in any known models. Here we present evidence of π-covalency being operative in halogen bonds formed between chloride and halogenated triphenylamine-based radical cations. We reach this conclusion through computational analysis of chlorine K-edge X-ray absorption spectra recorded on these halogen bonded pairs. In light of this result, we contend that halogen bonding is better described by analogy to metal coordination bonds rather than hydrogen bonds. Our revised description of the halogen bond suggests that these interactions could be employed to influence the electronic properties of conjugated molecules in unique ways.
Fast three-color single-molecule FRET using statistical inference
Authors: Yoo Janghyun , Kim Jae-Yeol , Louis John M. , Gopich Irina V. , Chung Hoi Sung
Published: July 2020

We describe theory, experiments, and analyses of three-color Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) spectroscopy for probing sub-millisecond conformational dynamics of protein folding and binding of disordered proteins. We devise a scheme that uses single continuous-wave laser excitation of the donor instead of alternating excitation of the donor and one of the acceptors. This scheme alleviates photophysical problems of acceptors such as rapid photobleaching, which is crucial for high time resolution experiments with elevated illumination intensity. Our method exploits the molecular species with one of the acceptors absent or photobleached, from which two-color FRET data is collected in the same experiment. We show that three FRET efficiencies and kinetic parameters can be determined without alternating excitation from a global maximum likelihood analysis of two-color and three-color photon trajectories. We implement co-parallelization of CPU-GPU processing, which leads to a significant reduction of the likelihood calculation time for efficient parameter determination.
The RNA quality control pathway nonsense-mediated mRNA decay targets cellular and viral RNAs to restrict KSHV
Authors: Zhao Yang , Ye Xiang , Shehata Myriam , Dunker William , Xie Zhihang , Karijolich John
Published: July 2020

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is an evolutionarily conserved RNA decay mechanism that has emerged as a potent cell-intrinsic restriction mechanism of retroviruses and positive-strand RNA viruses. However, whether NMD is capable of restricting DNA viruses is not known. The DNA virus Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). Here, we demonstrate that NMD restricts KSHV lytic reactivation. Leveraging high-throughput transcriptomics we identify NMD targets transcriptome-wide in PEL cells and identify host and viral RNAs as substrates. Moreover, we identified an NMD-regulated link between activation of the unfolded protein response and transcriptional activation of the main KSHV transcription factor RTA, itself an NMD target. Collectively, our study describes an intricate relationship between cellular targets of an RNA quality control pathway and KSHV lytic gene expression, and demonstrates that NMD can function as a cell intrinsic restriction mechanism acting upon DNA viruses.
Quantum interference of currents in an atomtronic SQUID
Authors: Ryu C. , Samson E. C. , Boshier M. G.
Published: July 2020

Quantum interference of currents is the most important and well known quantum phenomenon in a conventional superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). Here, we report the observation of quantum interference of currents in an atomtronic SQUID. Analogous to a conventional SQUID, currents flowing through two junctions in an atomtronic SQUID interfere due to the phase difference from rotation. This interference results in modulation of critical currents. This modulation was observed for three different radii with clear modulation periods which were measured to be consistent with fundamental rotation rates. This observation shows the possibility of studying various interesting SQUID physics with an atomtronic SQUID and especially, macroscopic quantum phenomena with currents may be realized with an atomtronic SQUID toward the goal of quantum metrology of rotation sensing.
Decisions bias future choices by modifying hippocampal associative memories
Authors: Luettgau Lennart , Tempelmann Claus , Kaiser Luca Franziska , Jocham Gerhard
Published: July 2020

Decision-making is guided by memories of option values. However, retrieving items from memory renders them malleable. Here, we show that merely retrieving values from memory and making a choice between options is sufficient both to induce changes to stimulus-reward associations in the hippocampus and to bias future decision-making. After allowing participants to make repeated choices between reward-conditioned stimuli, in the absence of any outcome, we observe that participants prefer stimuli they have previously chosen, and neglect previously unchosen stimuli, over otherwise identical-valued options. Using functional brain imaging, we show that decisions induce changes to hippocampal representations of stimulus-outcome associations. These changes are correlated with future decision biases. Our results indicate that choice-induced preference changes are partially driven by choice-induced modification of memory representations and suggest that merely making a choice - even without experiencing any outcomes - induces associative plasticity.
Boosting hydrogen evolution on MoS2 via co-confining selenium in surface and cobalt in inner layer
Authors: Zheng Zhilong , Yu Liang , Gao Meng , Chen Xiya , Zhou Wu , Ma Chao , Wu Lihui , Zhu Junfa , Meng Xiangyu , Hu Jingting , Tu Yunchuan , Wu Sisi , Mao Jun , Tian Zhongqun , Deng Dehui
Published: July 2020

The lack of highly efficient, inexpensive catalysts severely hinders large-scale application of electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) for producing hydrogen. MoS2 as a low-cost candidate suffers from low catalytic performance. Herein, taking advantage of its tri-layer structure, we report a MoS2 nanofoam catalyst co-confining selenium in surface and cobalt in inner layer, exhibiting an ultra-high large-current-density HER activity surpassing all previously reported heteroatom-doped MoS2. At a large current density of 1000 mA cm−2, a much lower overpotential of 382 mV than that of 671 mV over commercial Pt/C catalyst is achieved and stably maintained for 360 hours without decay. First-principles calculations demonstrate that inner layer-confined cobalt atoms stimulate neighbouring sulfur atoms while surface-confined selenium atoms stabilize the structure, which cooperatively enable the massive generation of both in-plane and edge active sites with optimized hydrogen adsorption activity. This strategy provides a viable route for developing MoS2-based catalysts for industrial HER applications.
Solid-state qubits integrated with superconducting through-silicon vias
Authors: Yost D. R. W. , Schwartz M. E. , Mallek J. , Rosenberg D. , Stull C. , Yoder J. L. , Calusine G. , Cook M. , Das R. , Day A. L. , Golden E. B. , Kim D. K. , Melville A. , Niedzielski B. M. , Woods W. , Kerman A. J. , Oliver W. D.
Published: July 2020

As superconducting qubit circuits become more complex, addressing a large array of qubits becomes a challenging engineering problem. Dense arrays of qubits benefit from, and may require, access via the third dimension to alleviate interconnect crowding. Through-silicon vias (TSVs) represent a promising approach to three-dimensional (3D) integration in superconducting qubit arrays—provided they are compact enough to support densely-packed qubit systems without compromising qubit performance or low-loss signal and control routing. In this work, we demonstrate the integration of superconducting, high-aspect ratio TSVs—10 μm wide by 20 μm long by 200 μm deep—with superconducting qubits. We utilize TSVs for baseband control and high-fidelity microwave readout of qubits using a two-chip, bump-bonded architecture. We also validate the fabrication of qubits directly upon the surface of a TSV-integrated chip. These key 3D-integration milestones pave the way for the control and readout of high-density superconducting qubit arrays using superconducting TSVs.
Author Correction: A Small Compound Targeting Prohibitin with Potential Interest for Cognitive Deficit Rescue in Aging mice and Tau Pathology Treatment
Authors: Guyot Anne-Cécile , Leuxe Charlotte , Disdier Clémence , Oumata Nassima , Costa Narciso , Le Roux Gwenaëlle , Varela Paloma F. , Duchon Arnaud , Charbonnier Jean Baptiste , Herault Yann , Pavoni Serena , Galons Hervé , Andriambeloson Emile , Wagner Stéphanie , Meijer Laurent , Lund Amie K. , Mabondzo Aloïse
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Insights into the molecular diversity of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein-3γ (pvmsp3γ), a polymorphic member in the msp3 multi-gene family
Authors: Kuamsab Napaporn , Putaporntip Chaturong , Pattanawong Urassaya , Jongwutiwes Somchai
Published: July 2020

Plasmodium vivaxmerozoite surface protein 3 (PvMSP3) is encoded by a multi-gene family. Of these, PvMSP3α, PvMSP3β and PvMSP3γ, are considered to be vaccine targets. Despite comprehensive analyses of PvMSP3α and PvMSP3β, little is known about structural and sequence diversity in PvMSP3γ. Analysis of 118 completepvmsp3γsequences from diverse endemic areas of Thailand and 9 reported sequences has shown 86 distinct haplotypes. Based on variation in insert domains,pvmsp3γcan be classified into 3 types, i.e. Belem, Salvador I and NR520. Imperfect nucleotide repeats were found in six regions of the gene; none encoded tandem amino acid repeats. Predicted coiled-coil heptad repeats were abundant in the protein and displayed variation in length and location. Interspersed phase shifts occurred in the heptad arrays that may have an impact on protein structure. Polymorphism inpvmsp3γseems to be generated by intragenic recombination and driven by natural selection. MostP. vivaxisolates in Thailand exhibit population structure, suggesting limited gene flow across endemic areas. Phylogenetic analysis has suggested that insert domains could have been subsequently acquired during the evolution ofpvmsp3γ. Sequence and structural diversity of PvMSP3γ may complicate vaccine design due to alteration in predicted immunogenic epitopes among variants.
Brain correlates of motor complexity during observed and executed actions
Authors: Li Xinge , Krol Manon A. , Jahani Sahar , Boas David A. , Tager-Flusberg Helen , Yücel Meryem A.
Published: July 2020

Recently, cortical areas with motor properties have attracted attention widely to their involvement in both action generation and perception. Inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and inferior parietal lobule (IPL), presumably consisting of motor-related areas, are of particular interest, given that they respond to motor behaviors both when they are performed and observed. Converging neuroimaging evidence has shown the functional roles of IFG, PMv and IPL in action understanding. Most studies have focused on the effects of modulations in goals and kinematics of observed actions on the brain response, but little research has explored the effects of manipulations in motor complexity. To address this, we used fNIRS to examine the brain activity in the frontal, motor, parietal and occipital regions, aiming to better understand the brain correlates involved in encoding motor complexity. Twenty-one healthy adults executed and observed two hand actions that differed in motor complexity. We found that motor complexity sensitive brain regions were present in the pars opercularis IFG/PMv, primary motor cortex (M1), IPL/supramarginal gyrus and middle occipital gyrus (MOG) during action execution, and in pars opercularis IFG/PMv and M1 during action observation. Our findings suggest that the processing of motor complexity involves not only M1 but also pars opercularis IFG, PMv and IPL, each of which plays a critical role in action perception and execution.
Theory of quantum path computing with Fourier optics and future applications for quantum supremacy, neural networks and nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Gulbahar Burhan
Published: July 2020

The scalability, error correction and practical problem solving are important challenges for quantum computing (QC) as more emphasized by quantum supremacy (QS) experiments. Quantum path computing (QPC), recently introduced for linear optic based QCs as an unconventional design, targets to obtain scalability and practical problem solving. It samples the intensity from the interference of exponentially increasing number of propagation paths obtained in multi-plane diffraction (MPD) of classical particle sources. QPC exploits MPD based quantum temporal correlations of the paths and freely entangled projections at different time instants, for the first time, with the classical light source and intensity measurement while not requiring photon interactions or single photon sources and receivers. In this article, photonic QPC is defined, theoretically modeled and numerically analyzed for arbitrary Fourier optical or quadratic phase set-ups while utilizing both Gaussian and Hermite-Gaussian source laser modes. Problem solving capabilities already including partial sum of Riemann theta functions are extended. Important future applications, implementation challenges and open issues such as universal computation and quantum circuit implementations determining the scope of QC capabilities are discussed. The applications include QS experiments reaching more than $$2^{100}$$2100 Feynman paths, quantum neuron implementations and solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
Effect of occlusal splint on oxidative stress markers and psychological aspects of chronic temporomandibular pain: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Alajbeg Iva Z. , Vrbanović Ema , Lapić Ivana , Alajbeg Ivan , Vuletić Lea
Published: July 2020

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD), when progress to a chronic state, might contribute to psychosocial or psychological distress. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of stabilization splint (SS) therapy on pain, pain-related disability and psychological traits of chronic TMD patients, as well as to assess selected oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers during 6-month treatment and associate them with the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Thirty-four participants were randomly assigned into two treatment groups [SS and placebo splint (PS)]. Primary outcomes were pain intensity and pain-related disability while secondary outcomes included depressive and anxiety symptoms. The influence of the treatment type was analyzed with regards to the levels of OS biomarkers in saliva. Participants treated with SS demonstrated significantly greater improvement in pain-related disability (Pain-free mouth opening: p = 0.018, η2 = 0.166; Number of disability days: p = 0.023, η2 = 0.155) and greater reduction of depressive symptoms scores (p = 0.007, η2 = 0.207). When compared to the PS group, participants in the SS group showed a significant reduction of oxidant/antioxidant ratio (p = 0.018, η2 = 0.167) at a 3-month follow-up. A stabilization splint provides advantages over PS in the treatment of depressive symptoms and pain-related disability. Furthermore, clinical success in terms of reduction of depressive symptoms, which correlates with the reduction of oxidative stress markers in the SS group, indicates that oxidative stress is related to psychological factors in chronic TMD patients.
Remarkable thermal conductivity enhancement in Ag—decorated graphene nanocomposites based nanofluid by laser liquid solid interaction in ethylene glycol
Authors: Mbambo M. C. , Khamlich S. , Khamliche T. , Moodley M. K. , Kaviyarasu K. , Madiba I. G. , Madito M. J. , Khenfouch M. , Kennedy J. , Henini M. , Manikandan E. , Maaza M.
Published: July 2020

We report on the synthesis and enhanced thermal conductivity of stable Ag-decorated 2-D graphene nanocomposite in ethylene glycol based nanofluid by laser liquid solid interaction. A surfactant free nanofluid of Ag nanoparticles anchored onto the 2-D graphene sheets were synthesized using a two-step laser liquid solid interaction approach. In order to understand a pulsed Nd:YAG laser at the fundamental frequency (λ = 1,064 nm) to ablate Ag and graphite composite target submerged in ethylene glycol (EG) to form AgNPs decorated 2-D GNs-EG based nanofluid. From a heat transfer point of view, it was observed that the thermal conductivity of this stable Ag-graphene/EG is significantly enhanced by a factor of about 32.3%; this is highest reported value for a graphene based nanofluid.
Carbohydrate antigen 125 for mortality risk prediction following acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Falcão Felipe , Oliveira Flávio , Cantarelli Fabiano , Cantarelli Rodigo , Brito Júnior Paulo , Lemos Hygor , Silva Paloma , Camboim Irla , Freire Maria Cleide , Carvalho Osmário , Sobral Filho Dário Celestino
Published: July 2020

Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) is a congestion and inflammation biomarker and has been proved to be related to a worse prognosis in heart diseases. However, the precise relationship between elevated CA125 in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has not yet been sufficiently studied. We set out to determine the association of CA125 with all-cause mortality at 6 months in STEMI. CA125, N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured in 245 patients admitted consecutively with STEMI undergoing coronary angioplasty. The mean age in our sample was 63.7 years, 64.9% were males, 28.3% had diabetes and 17.7% presented with acute heart failure (Killip ≥ 2). The median serum level of CA125 was 8.1 U/ml. At 6 months, the rate of all-cause mortality was 18% (44 patients). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that CA125 presented similar performance to predict mortality as NTproBNP and hs-CRP. Patients with CA125 ≥ 11.48 had a higher rate of mortality (Hazard Ratio = 2.07, 95% confidence interval = 1.13–3.77, p = 0.017) than patients with CA125 < 11.48. This study suggests that elevated CA125 levels might be used to identify patients with STEMI with a higher risk of death at 6 months. CA125 seems to be a similar predictor of mortality compared to NTproBNP and hs-CRP.
Spatiotemporal and hotspot detection of U5-children diarrhea in resource-limited areas of Ethiopia
Authors: Alemayehu Bezuayehu , Ayele Birhanu Teshome , Valsangiacomo Claudio , Ambelu Argaw
Published: July 2020

Under-five children (U5-children) diarrhea is a significant public health threat, where the World Health Organisation (WHO) reported it as the second leading cause of children’s death worldwide. Nearly 1.7 billion cases occur annually with varied temporal and spatial factors. Identification of the spatiotemporal pattern and hotspot areas of U5-children diarrhea can assist targeted intervention and provide an early warning for more effective response measures. This study aimed at examining spatiotemporal variability along with the detection of hotspot areas for U5-children diarrhea in the Bench Maji Zone of southwestern Ethiopia, where resources are limited and cultural heterogeneity is highest. Retrospective longitudinal data of ten years of diarrhea records from January 2008 to December 2017 were used to identify hotspot areas. The incidence rate per 1,000 per year among children was calculated along with seasonal patterns of cases. The spatiotemporal analysis was made using SaTScan version 9.4, while spatial autocorrelations and hotspot identification were generated using ArcGIS 10.5 software. A total of 90,716 U5-children diarrhea cases were reported with an annual incidence rate of 36.1 per 1,000 U5-children, indicating a relative risk (RR) of 1.6 and a log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of 1,347.32 (p < 0.001). The highest incidence of diarrhea illness was recorded during the dry season and showed incidence rate increment from October to February. The risky clusters (RR > 1) were in the districts of Bero, Maji, Surma, Minit Shasha, Guraferda, Mizan Aman Town, and Sheko with annual cases of 127.93, 68.5, 65.12, 55.03, 55.67, 54.14 and 44.97 per 1,000, respectively. The lowest annual cases reported were in the four districts of Shay Bench, South Bench, North Bench, and Minit Goldiya, where RR was less than a unit. Six most likely clusters (Bero, Minit Shasha, Surma, Guraferda, South Bench, and Maji) and one lower RR area (North Bench) were hotspot districts. The U5-children's diarrhea in the study area showed an overall increasing trend during the dry seasons with non-random distribution over space and time. The data recorded during ten years and analyzed with the proper statistical tools helped to identify the hotspot areas with risky seasons where diarrhea could increase.
Using larval barcoding to estimate stomatopod species richness at Lizard Island, Australia for conservation monitoring
Authors: Palecanda Sitara , Feller Kathryn D. , Porter Megan L.
Published: July 2020

Stomatopods (Crustacea, Stomatopoda) are well studied for their aggressive behavior and unique visual system as well as their commercial importance in Asian and European countries. Like many crustaceans, stomatopods undergo indirect development, passing though several larval stages before reaching maturity. Adult stomatopods can be difficult to catch due to their inaccessible habitats and cryptic coloration. By sampling larvae from the planktonic community, less effort is required to obtain accurate measures of species richness within a region. Stomatopod larvae were collected between 2006 and 2015 from the waters around the Lizard Island reef platform in Eastern Australia. Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial DNA sequences were generated from each larval sample and compared to a database of COI sequences tied to adult specimens. Of the 20 species collected from Lizard Island as adults which have COI data available, 18 species were identified from larval sampling. One additional species identified from larval samples, Busquilla plantei, was previously unknown from Lizard Island. Nine larval OTUs were found not to match any published adult sequences. Sampling larval stomatopod populations provides a comparable picture of the adult population to benthic sampling methods and may include species richness beyond what is measurable by sampling adult populations.
A new species of early-diverging Sauropodiformes from the Lower Jurassic Fengjiahe Formation of Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Peyre de Fabrègues Claire , Bi Shundong , Li Hongqing , Li Gang , Yang Lei , Xu Xing
Published: July 2020

Sauropodomorpha were herbivorous saurischian dinosaurs that incorporate Sauropoda and early-diverging sauropodomorphs. The oldest sauropodomorph remains are known from Late Triassic deposits, most of them Gondwanan. The Laurasian record comprises some Triassic forms, but the bulk is Jurassic in age. Among the 14 Jurassic non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs from Laurasia described in the past, 8 are from China. Here we describe a new non-sauropodan sauropodomorph,Irisosaurus yimenensisgen. et sp. nov., from the Early Jurassic Fengjiahe Formation of China. Nearly all of the non-sauropodan sauropodomorph genera currently known from China were first reported from the Lufeng Formation. The Fengjiahe Formation is its Southern equivalent, bringing a fauna similar to that of the Lufeng Formation to light. The new genus is defined based on an incomplete but unique maxilla, with a premaxillary ramus higher than long prior to the nasal process, a large and deep neurovascular foramen within the perinarial fossa, and a deep perinarial fossa defined by a sharp rim. Phylogenetic analysis placesIrisosaurusat the very base of Sauropodiformes, as the sister-taxon of the Argentinean genusMussaurus. This specimen adds to a growing assemblage of Chinese Jurassic non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs that offers new insight into the Laurasian evolution of this clade.