bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consumer Attitudes towards Ethical Attributes of Organic Food
Authors: Zander Katrin , Hamm Ulrich
Published: August 2024

This contribution determines the relevance of ethical attributes of organic food exceeding the EU regulation on organic farming for consumers’ purchase decisions. The information acquisition behaviour of consumers regarding additional ethical values of organic food was analysed by means of an Information-Display-Matrix (IDM)and an accompanying consumer survey in five European countries. Seven ethical attributes were tested of which ‘animal welfare’, ‘regional production’ and ‘fair prices for farmers’ were identified to be most important. Consumers showed an increased willingness to pay for organic food with these additional ethical attributes. Thus, producers of organic food should increasingly focus on additional ethical attributes such as ‘animal welfare’, ‘local production’ and ‘fair prices for farmers’ in production and communication with consumers. With respect to the methodology used, the IDM turned out to be helpful in reducing the problem of social desirability of answers.
Rede zur Verabschiedung von Prof. Dr. Stefan Tangermann
Authors: Ahner Dirk
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Development of Productivity in Organic and Conventional Agriculture: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Tiedemann Torben , Latacz-Lohmann Uwe
Published: August 2024

This article sets out to investigate the development of total factor productivity in organic and conventional agriculture in the period from 1999/2000 to 2006/07. Productivity development is assessed with the use of Malmquist Indices based on Stochastic Frontier Ana-lysis. The analysis is based on a balanced panel of farm records of 151 organic and conventional farms, respectively. A matching procedure is applied to identify for each organic farm a conventional counterpart with similar structural features. The study reveals a similar development of productivity in organic grazing livestock and mixed farms, but the productivity level is still lower compared to their conventional counterparts. Only organic arable farms had started off with a higher level of productivity in 1999/2000 but they were not able to maintain their advantage over their conventional counterparts. The Malmquist analysis highlights that these changes cannot be attributed to low rates of technical progress. Lack of technical and scale efficiency are rather to be seen as the key drivers of the slowed productivity development in organic agriculture.
Der Markt für Bioenergie 2011
Authors: Schaper Christian , Emmann Carsten H. , Theuvsen Ludwig
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Measuring the Subjective Risk Attitude of Decision-Makers: Are there Differences between Groups of Methods and of Persons?
Authors: Ewald Jörn , Maart Syster Christin , Mußhoff Oliver
Published: August 2024

Many studies quantifying individual risk preferences of test persons show that results of different measuring methods may vary. Additional reservations about the reliability of the results arise from the fact that most studies are based on convenience groups, such as students or business-men in developing countries. With this in mind, we systematically compare different measuring methods to answer the question how the choice of method affects the results. Moreover, we compare the risk preferences of German farmers to those of students and Kazakhstani farmers in order to investigate whether farmers’ risk preferences can be approximated through those of convenience groups. The methods applied comprise an incentive-compatible Holt and Laury lottery, as well as two psychometric methods, namely self-assessment and the selection of a business-related contextualized statement, with which the test persons are most likely to agree. Results show that the risk preferences determined by applying the aforementioned methods exhibit slightly positive but significant correlations across all three elicitation methods. Significant differences, however, only exist between the responses of students and those of German farmers, implying that it is not possible to draw conclusions from the risk attitudes of students to those of farmers. The comparison of the risk preferences of German and Kazakhstani farmers, however, reveals significant similarities with respect to the self-assessment and the business-related contextualized statements.
Farmers’ Preferences regarding the Design of Substrate Supply Contracts for Biogas Plants: A Choice Experiment
Authors: Reise Christian , Liebe Ulf , Mußhoff Oliver
Published: August 2024

Substrate supply, which is often regulated by corresponding contracts, is essential for a sustainable expansion of renewable energies generated in biogas plants. To the authors’ knowledge, no quantitative investigations of farmers’ preferences with regard to supply contracts for biogas plants have been carried out so far. Hence, it has been only possible to a limited extent to make predictions for a targeted ar-rangement of supply contracts. We, therefore, investigated, to what extent different factors have relevance for the conclusion of substrate supply contracts. This has been done by conducting a survey with 178 German farm managers. The survey included a choice experiment in which participants were confronted with different contract features. These features were varied systematically and thus revealed the influence of each individual feature on the probability of contract conclusion. It becomes clear that the farmers who were interviewed preferred to conclude contracts with other farmers or with a bioenergy village rather than with external investors. The probability of contract conclusion decreases with an increasing lifetime of the contract. However, a contract with a higher sales price is more attractive for the farmers. The investigation of the characteristics of respondents shows that the amount of the premium for one additional year of contractual lifetime depends on the individual valuation of the entrepreneurial freedom of the respective farm manager. It cannot be established that risk-averse farmers tend to prefer contracts with fixed prices over contracts with price adjustment clauses. In addition, there are no great differences in the choice behavior of farmers who have already signed a substrate supply contract and farmers without this experience.
Revisiting the Impact of Trade Liberalization and Mergers on the Malting Industry of North America
Authors: Brewin Derek , Gray Richard , Karagiannis Giannis
Published: August 2024

This paper builds on the work of BUSCHENA and GRAY (1999) to look at the effects of mergers in the North American malting industry as ten firms in two separated markets merged into four firms in an integrated market. We explore the sensitivity of our results to the assumption of market power. We show that welfare gains from free trade are not generally lost but can face considerable redistribution under reasonable assumptions of market power. Varying the rival reactions did not change the result that total economic surplus with four firms after NAFTA is greater than when there were ten firms but no trade. Mergers reduce the trade gains of malt consumers and barley producers in both countries and reduce the welfare losses of malting plants in the U.S. According to our estimates, the second wave of mergers may have led to a positive total welfare effect for malting plants in Canada if the oligopoly is exercising significant market power.
Der Markt für Fleisch und Fleischprodukte
Authors: Efken Josef , Bäurle Helmut , Haxsen Gerhard , Niemann Christa , Tamásy Christine
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Agricultural Land Markets – Recent Developments and Determinants
Authors: Hüttel Silke , Odening Martin , Balmann Alfons
Published: August 2024

No summary available.
ARIEL DINAR and ROBERT MENDELSOHN (eds.) (2011): Handbook On Climate Change And Agriculture.
Authors: Finger Robert
Published: August 2024

No summary available.
Call for papers
Authors: GJAE
Published: August 2024

European agricultural development, climate change and food security interact in complex ways. Climate change, for example, will induce regional shifts of crop production, while mitigation measures in the livestock sector will increase production costs, especially in case major reduction schemes are agreed upon like the EU goal of 80% emission reduction by 2050. Such mitigation measures may have strong effects on food supplies and food security, both inside Europe, and also on a global scale. European agriculture also seeks for opportunities implementing climate smart agriculture, to balance mitigation/adaptation strategies, while maintaining productivity in agriculture. European strategies for smart, green, and inclusive growth also aim at increasing the role of the biobased economy, processing agro-raw material for biofuels, pharmaceutics, textile and new bio-medical material. What are potential win-win actions for mitigation that could reduce costs and emissions? How to address water scarcity as part of adaptation strategies in agriculture to cope with climate change? What are the relevant economic drives of agricultural development at different scales (farm, sectoral, regional, European, and global)? How does climate change impact international trade, both within Europe and with other non-European countries? Against this background the special issue aims at understanding the recent developments related to European agriculture and climate change, particularly in Germany and the EU. The focus will be on quantitative modelling and empirical analyses. Topics: • Examples of existing tools • Linking economic and biophysical models • Modelling land use and climate change • Water, agriculture, and climate change. Submission procedure: Please submit your full paper to Floor Brouwer (e-mail: floor.brouwer@wur.nl). For the full paper submission please follow the “Instruction for Authors” of the GJAE. Full papers will follow the usual double-blind review process of the GJAE. Papers that pass the review process and cannot be fitted into the special issue will be published in a regular issue of the GJAE. Deadlines: Submission of full papers for review: 01.10.2013. The special issue will be published as the third issue at 01.09.2014.
Factors affecting Participation and Compensation Requirements in Agri-Environmental Schemes: Insights from a Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Breustedt Gunnar , Schulz Norbert , Latacz-Lohmann Uwe
Published: August 2024

This paper uses data from a discrete choice experiment to investigate the factors affecting participation in agri-environmental schemes in Eiderstedt and Südtondern, two grassland regions in Schleswig-Holstein. As expected, higher payment rates increase farmers’ willingness to sign a conservation contract whereas stricter management prescriptions reduce participation. Besides contract design variables, a number of farm-specific variables affect farmers’ willingness to participate. Farmers, for instance, with previous experience in agri-environmental contracting are more likely to choose a contract than those without such experience. Our estimates of marginal willingness-to-accept show that farmers regard contractual obligations relating to fertilizer use and mowing dates as particularly demanding, resulting in high compensation requirements of €100 - 200 per hectare. Farms with high land use intensities – e.g. high stocking rates or low shares of permanent pasture – request higher compensation payments than less intensive farms.
An Investigation into the Factors which Determine Farmers’Acceptance of Supply Contracts: The Ethanol Beet Example
Authors: Mußhoff Oliver , Hirschauer Norbert , Fahlbusch Markus
Published: August 2024

Little is known about the actual behavior of farmers who are offered forward contracts for renewable resources. The present survey explores farmers’ acceptance of sugar beet supply contracts. We find that the farmers’ responses are not in line with forecasts that are based on critical prices derived from naïve gross margin comparisons. Instead, farmers take into account that the contractual obligation to supply a certain amount of beets in combination with the volumetric production risk produces an asymmetry in revenues. They also consider risk and dynamic changes of the relative competitiveness of sugar beet and competing crop alternatives. We furthermore find that the past matters: a subsequent improvement of a contract offer that is made after an initial offer has been rejected by farmers finds lower acceptance than an initially better offer.
Integrated Analysis of Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Measures in Austrian Agriculture
Authors: Schönhart Martin , Mitter Hermine , Schmid Erwin , Heinrich Georg , Gobiet Andreas
Published: August 2024

An integrated modelling framework (IMF) has been developed and applied to analyse climate change impacts and the effectiveness of adaptation measures in Austrian agriculture. The IMF couples the crop rotation model CropRota, the bio-physical process model EPIC and the bottom-up economic land use model PASMA at regional level (NUTS-3) considering agrienvironmental indicators. Four contrasting regional climate model (RCM) simulations represent climate change until 2050. The RCM simulations are applied to a baseline and three adaptation and policy scenarios. Climate change increases crop productivity on national average in the IMF. Changes in average gross margins at national level range from 0% to +5% between the baseline and the three adaptation and policy scenarios. The impacts at NUTS-3 level range from -5% to +7% between the baseline and the three adaptation and policy scenarios. Adaptation measures such as planting of winter cover crops, reduced tillage and irrigation are effective in reducing yield losses, increasing revenues, or in improving environmental states under climate change. Future research should account for extreme weather events in order to analyse whether average productivity gains at the aggregated level suffice to cover costs from expected higher climate variability.
Income Impacts of Climate Change: Irrigated Farming in the Mediterranean and Expected Changes in Probability of Favorable and Adverse Weather Conditions
Authors: Dono Gabriele , Cortignani Raffaele , Giraldo Luca , Pasqui Massimiliano , Roggero Pier Paolo
Published: August 2024

EU rural development policy (RDP) regulation 1305/2013 aims to protect farmers’ incomes from ongoing change of climate variability (CCV), and the increase in frequency of adverse climatic events. An income stabilization tool (IST) is provided to compensate drastic drops in income, including those caused by climatic events. The present study examines some aspect of its application focussing on Mediterranean irrigation area where frequent water shortages may generate significant income reductions in the current climate conditions, and may be further exacerbated by climate change. This enhanced loss of income in the future would occur due to a change in climate variability. This change would appreciably reduce the probability of weather conditions that are favourable for irrigation, but would not significantly increase either the probability of unfavourable weather conditions or the magnitude of their impact. As the IST and other insurance tools that protect against adversity and catastrophic events are only activated under extreme conditions, farmers may not consider them to be suitable in dealing with the new climate regime. This would leave a portion of the financial resources allocated by the RDP unused, resulting in less support for climate change adaptation.
Investment Behavior of Organic and Conventional Pig Farmers in Germany – An Experimental Approach
Authors: Hermann Daniel , Agethen Katrin , Mußhoff Oliver
Published: August 2024

Despite the economic benefits of organic farming, the conversion rates to this production method are low. The reasons for this reluctance are largely unknown. We experimentally investigate and compare the investment behavior of organic and conventional pig farmers and examine the question whether the investment behavior changes ceteris paribus due to a varying framing – different description – of an investment possibility with organic or conventional farming. Our results show that pig farmers are more reluctant to invest in the production method which they are not currently applying compared to an investment in the production method in use on their farm. Conventional, risk-averse pig farmers and farmers who holding a university degree invest later in a hog barn. The results provide some evidence for that the effect of subsidies granted to encourage the conversion to organic farming is overestimated.
Estimation of the Willingness to Pay for CO2 Savings – A Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Holm-Müller Thore , Latacz-Lohmann Uwe , Loy Jens-Peter , Schulz Norbert
Published: August 2024

In this article the willingness to pay for different methods to save carbon dioxide emissions in northern Germany are examined by a Discrete Choice Experiment. The results of a latent-class estimation show, that the respondents could be disposed into four different classes. The membership to a certain class is mostly determined by the age and the common preferences for climate protection of the respondents. All respondents have the highest preference to save CO2 emissions by CO2-certificates, the lowest preferences exist for the carbon dioxide capture and storage method. The results vary between a willingness to pay for saving CO2 emissions of 644 €/t and a willingness to accept a certain method for a compensation of 161 €/t carbon dioxide.
Does Spatial Dependence Depend on Spatial Resolution? – An Empirical Analysis of Organic Farming in Southern Germany
Authors: Schmidtner Eva , Lippert Christian , Dabbert Stephan
Published: August 2024

Assuming that agglomeration effects do matter in organic farming we analyse (a) the difficulties due to data aggregation arising when trying to statistically verify neighbourhood effects and (b) whether results can be confirmed at different spatial resolutions. Explaining the spatial distribution of organic farming in southern Germany (2007) we compare results of spatial lag models at two measurement scales. The results suggest that essential factors determining the decision to convert from conventional to organic farming are found at different spatial resolutions. The results at the lower spatial resolution are not artificially generated through the aggregation process in this case, strengthening the relevance of previous studies.
EU Member States’ Voting for Authorizing Genetically Engineered Crops: a Regulatory Gridlock
Authors: Smart Richard D. , Blum Matthias , Wesseler Justus
Published: August 2024

Several authors suggest a gridlock of the European Union’s (EU’s) approval process for genetically engineered (GE) crops. We analyse the voting behaviour of EU Member States (MSs) for voting results from 2003 to 2015 on the approval of GE crops to test for a gridlock; no reliable data are available pre-2003 - a time which included the EU’s moratorium on GE crops. After the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has given a favourable opinion on the safety of a GE crop, the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health (SCFCAH) votes on the application. If the SCFCAH reaches no decision, the Appeal Committee (AC) (pre the Treaty of Lisbon: the Council) votes on the application; if no decision is reached here, the final decision is left to the European Commission. All EU Member States (MSs) are represented on both committees; decisions are made by a qualified majority (QM) voting system, the rules of which have changed over time. Our data include 50 events; and 61 ballots at the SCFCAH and 57 ballots at the Council / AC. A QM has been achieved once only at the SCFCAH, but never at Council. At Council / AC level, Austria and Croatia have consistently voted against an approval, while The Netherlands has always supported approvals. All other MSs showed differences in their voting decisions at the SCFCAH and Council / AC level at least once. MS-fixed-effects are the major factors explaining the voting results supporting the gridlock hypothesis, while crop characteristics and crop use play no apparent role in MSs' voting behaviour. We maintain that a QM is unlikely following the latest directive for MSs to ‘opt-out’ on GE crop cultivation in their territories.
The Public Debate on Biofuels in Germany: Who Drives the Discourse?
Authors: Puttkammer Judith , Grethe Harald
Published: August 2024

Following the European Commission’s concept of a “Knowledge-based Bioeconomy” (KBBE), great significance in the process of political decision-making shall be attached to scientific expertise. In contrast, the conducted print media analysis on the German biofuel discourse for the period from 1995 to 2012 only found a marginal role of scientific actors in the debate. Even though support for biofuels has been largely rejected as inefficient by several scientific brain trusts for many years, the German government, as well as the EU adhere to this policy. This raises the question of the underlying interests that drive the persistent support for biofuels. In this context, the paper investigates the standing and positioning of different actors in the public media and thereby it contributes to a better understanding of why the political support for biofuels is continued, despite the doubts of scientists. One of the core findings of the study states, that one reason for this political support can be seen in the dominance of a coalition of biofuel advocates, mainly formed by political and economic actors, in the public discourse.
Dissertationen SS 2015 – WS 2015/16 aus dem Bereich der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften des Landbaus
Authors: GJAE
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Consumer Understanding of the Terms Alpine Milk and Pasture-raised Milk
Authors: Weinrich Ramona , Kühl Sarah , Zühlsdorf Anke , Spiller Achim
Published: August 2024

In recent years in the course of product differentiation more and more dairy products have been introduced promising additional benefits for consumers. The present article analyses the consumers’ understanding of the products alpine milk and pasture-raised milk by means of two empirical studies. Currently, both product designations are legally unprotected terms. Therefore, producers and marketers implement the labelling with very different product concepts. Against this background it is empirically analysed how consumers understand alpine milk and pasture-raised milk. Do consumers think that cows giving the milk for alpine milk are kept in a certain geographical region? And does pasture-raised milk mean to them that dairy cattle have access to pasture and if yes during which period? The results of the case studies show that consumer expectations with respect to products which are advertised with unobservable process characteristics are very high which could lead to consumer disappointment.
Der Markt für Obst und Gemüse
Authors: Wellner Marie , Schulte Michael , Thiermann Christian , Theuvsen Ludwig
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Comparing the Use of Risk-influencing Production Inputs and Experimentally Measured Risk Attitude: Do the Decisions of Indonesian Small-scale Rubber Farmers Match?
Authors: Moser Stefan , Mußhoff Oliver
Published: August 2024

This article compares the use of risk-increasing and risk-reducing production inputs with the experimentally measured risk attitudes of farmers. For this purpose, a Just-Pope production function indicates production inputs’ influence on output risk, and a Holt-Laury lottery is used to measure farmers’ risk attitudes. We then test whether more risk averse farmers use more risk-reducing and
Can Global Climate Change affect Prices in the World Banana Market?
Authors: Blake Daniella , Dawson Carolina , Leoillet Denis , Staver Charles
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the potential impacts of extreme weather events associated with climate change on prices in the international banana market. First, we made an inventory of the events reported to have affected banana export volumes for six exporter countries, as well as events reported to have affected banana import prices in the French market, between the years 2000 to 2015. We used weekly time-series to examine the impact of reported events on banana export volumes and on banana import prices. The first results indicate that weather events were the most frequently reported events to impact on export volumes and on consumer demand, thus confirming that they play a frequent role in determining prices. However, we also identified a wide range of other non-weather events which affect volumes, consumer demand and thus prices. We demonstrated that the extent to which extreme weather events affect prices is primarily determined by the coincidence of events and by the structural context of the exporting and importing countries. This study helps to put the potential impact of weather events related to climate change into perspective and highlights the ongoing role of market mechanisms, policy makers and stakeholders’ strategies in price variations in international commodity markets.
The Future of Milk Delivery Relations from the Perspective of German Farmers
Authors: Petersen Julian , Hess Sebastian
Published: August 2024

In typical contractual relations between milk producers and processors in Germany, prices may currently function only to a limited extend as signals for quantity adjustments of milk production. This is one of the reasons why a reform of the contractual relationships has been frequently discussed. However, little is
known about the preferences of German milk producers regarding their preferred attributes of an ideal milk delivery relationship. Therefore, randomly selected farmers in different German regions where presented with Discrete-Choice-Experiments about different contractual attributes such as duration, pricing, cancellation period and quantity regulation. A random parameter logit model was estimated to identify drivers of preference heterogeneity. Results indicate that larger milk producers tend to favor fixed contractual solutions, while small and medium-sized producers tend to adhere to the currently prevailing cooperative delivery system of unregulated quantities of delivery and ex post pricing. However, the majority of milk producers want shorter cancellation periods with their dairy companies, and milk producers in East German federal states reject the typical cooperative delivery system more frequently than the respondents in West Germany.
The Effects of Green Nudges in Water Protection – An Experimental Investigation using a Business Management Game
Authors: Peth Denise , Mußhoff Oliver , Funke Katja , Hirschauer Norbert
Published: August 2024

Nitrogen runoffs induced by agricultural fertilization cause serious environmental damage to surface waters. Environmental and consumer protectionists demand government intervention to mitigate these externalities. With this in mind, the present study examines the effects of nudge-based regulatory strategies. We use an incentivized multi-period single-player business management game as experimental device to study how nudges affect compliance with the minimum-distance-to-water rule in a sample of agricultural science students. We analyse two different nudge treatments: a nudge with pictures showing environmental and health damages that are presumably caused by breaching the minimum-distance-to-water rule, and a nudge with an additional social comparison, which suggests that the majority of farmers in the same region comply with the rule. We observe three core experimental outcomes: first, nudging has a preventive effect and reduces not only the share of non-compliant participants but also the total acreage that is irregularly fertilised. Second, against all expectations, the preventive effect of the nudge with pictures and a social comparison is weaker than that of the nudge with pictures alone. A further contra-intuitive result is that nudging increases the severity of infringements (in terms of the irregularly fertilised acreages) among the nonetheless remaining offenders; and this effect is even a bit stronger for the nudge with additional social comparison. Despite the overall limited generalizability of experimental findings based on student participants, the results show that nudging produced very different behavioural effects in different groups: It worked well as a preventive device in one subgroup, but within the rule-breaking group it increased the severity of offences. At present, we can only speculate about the drivers behind these contrary effects (e.g., reactance). However, the indication that the same policy measures might work in opposite directions in different subgroups provides an important subject of future research (policy impact analysis).
Dissertationen SS 2017 – WS 2017/18 aus dem Bereich der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften des Landbaus
Authors: GJAE
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Farms Employing Foreign Workers in Italy: An Analysis with Census Micro Data
Authors: Coderoni Silvia , Cardillo Concetta , Macrì Maria Carmela , Perito Maria Angela
Published: August 2024

Over the last decades, foreign workers have become a significant component of Italian agriculture workforce. Their presence and incidence are highly diversified with respect to farm typologies, type of contract and geographic location. A comprehensive representation of this complex phenomenon is thus the first step to understand the different problems and needs associated to the employment of foreign workforce. This study uses micro data from the 2010 Italian Agricultural Census to first describe what are the structural and geographical features of Italian farms employing foreign workers and then to group farms through a cluster analysis. Results give a detailed representation of the incidence of foreign workers employed, revealing which part of Italian agriculture relies more on foreign workers. The cluster analysis allows the definition of six groups: foreign workers are especially involved in livestock activities, both indoor and grazing and in farms specialized in permanent crops. Among major policy implications, analysing the presence of foreign workers can help targeting policies to agricultural production system needs.
Einladung zur Einreichung von Beiträgen 59. Jahrestagung der GEWISOLA 25. bis 27. September 2019 am Thünen-Institut, Braunschweig
Authors: GJAE
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Der Markt für Fleisch und Fleischprodukte
Authors: Efken Josef , Osterburg Bernhard
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Current State of the German and International Wine Markets
Authors: Loose Simone , Pabst Evelyn
Published: August 2024

No summary available.
Der Markt für Bioenergie
Authors: Drittler Lara , Rübcke von Veltheim Friedrich , Schaper Christian , Theuvsen Ludwig
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
An Empirical Study of Internet Use Intensity in German Agriculture
Authors: Michels Marius , Fecke Wilm , Feil Jan-Henning , Mußhoff Oliver , Pigisch Johanna , Krone Saskia
Published: August 2024

The internet plays a promising role for the future development of rural areas and offers several potential business relevant applications for agricultural entrepreneurs. Yet, little is known about the determinants of internet use intensity of German farmers. Thus, this paper empirically explores factors affecting internet use intensity in German agriculture using a representative data set collected in 2016. The representative data were analyzed using an ordered probit model. The results indicate that age, education, farm size and farm location play a statistical significant role. Moreover, our results show that farmers, who feel informed about dangers of the web, are more likely to be frequent internet user. Our results can be of interest for both policy makers and providers since they offer first insights into the determinants of German farmers’ internet use intensity and, thus, provide hints for potential improvements in this area.
Implicit Prices of Sustainability on the German Online Market for Honey
Authors: Bissinger Katharina , Herrmann Roland , Krandick Lisa
Published: August 2024

Sustainability characteristics play an increasing role in food markets. At least some consumers are willing to pay a price for organic or regional production, animal welfare or fairtrade. In order to analyse implicit prices of sustainability characteristics, it is important to go beyond consumer studies as such characteristics affect marginal costs as well. We employ a hedonic price analysis to compare the price premium of very different sustainability characteristics on the German online market for honey. Honey is particularly interesting, because it is perceived as a natural product, and regional and organic production competes with, for example, fairtrade products from developing countries. Consumer prices for honey contain positive as well as negative implicit prices for sustainability characteristics. Apparently, consumer valuation in terms of the marginal willingness to pay and marginal costs differ strongly across the sustainability
Marketing Potential for Biocyclic-Vegan Products? A Qualitative, Explorative Study with Experts and Consumers
Authors: Jürkenbeck Kristin , Schleicher Lara , Meyerding Stephan G.H.
Published: August 2024

The number of consumers who follow a vegetarian or vegan diet and people who purchase organic food is increasing worldwide. The labelling of food products with a vegan label only refers to the ingredients, not to the production method. Therefore, animal products e.g. slurry, meal pellets and animal by-products can be used in the chain of agricultural production. A new biocyclic-vegan label, which refers to an exclusion of any animal by-product during production, was introduced in Germany in 2017. The product life cycle consists of five stages. The production method of biocyclic-vegan agricultural products is a new approach. Therefore, very little is known about consumer awareness of these products. As a result, this study is of an exploratory nature and investigates which needs biocyclic-vegan products can satisfy and which additional values these products offer in comparison to organic products. As little is known about the biocyclic-vegan production method, telephone interviews involving six experts and six vegetarian/vegan consumers from Germany were carried out. The interviews took place in January 2018. The consumer convenience sample was selected based on age, gender and profession while the experts were selected based on their expertise. On average the interviews lasted 20 minutes. The interviews consisted of 20 questions. Both, consumers and experts were included to gain knowledge from each perspective. The three key results are that most interviewees knew about biocyclic-vegan production and were able to explain the meaning. Another major result is that consumers mention that the purchase reason is to support the idea of biocyclic-vegan agriculture while experts name ethical reasons as a main purchase reason. The third key result is that the barriers of purchasing the products are the price, lack of knowledge and credibility. As this is an explorative study, further research is needed e.g. more in-depth interviews consisting of a larger sample size and a more diverse sample including consumers following different diets such as flexitarians. Moreover quantitative approaches would give valuable insights into the topic.
State of the German and International Wine Markets
Authors: Loose Simone , Pabst Evelyn
Published: August 2024

No summary available.
Agricultural Economics Research and the Global Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Qaim Matin
Published: August 2024

This paper discusses the relevance of agricultural economics research in the context of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. During the last few decades, agricultural economics has made important contributions to hunger and poverty reduction and rural development. Many of the traditional topics of agricultural economics remain important, but several new topics and research questions have also emerged more recently. New topics involve the manifold interactions between agriculture, nutrition, health, the environment, climate change, and societal attitudes. Analysis of these interactions increasingly requires interdisciplinary and systemic approaches. In principle, the agricultural economics profession is well equipped to address such new interdisciplinary topics, but it could do so more confidently and visibly, in order to remain relevant for the big policy topics also in the future.
Assessing the Universality of Universal Health Coverage: Israel and the Occupation of Palestine
Authors: Hanbali Layth , Asi Yara M.
Published: August 2024

Universal health coverage (UHC) is founded on a commitment to health coverage for all. Israel claims to have achieved UHC, while public health services in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT) are left primarily to the Palestinian Authority (PA). In this article, we assess Israel’s responsibility for health in the OPT by examining Israel’s sovereignty over the OPT. We argue that Israel legally and practically remains the sole sovereign entity in the OPT, and then assess the health disparities faced by Palestinians. We conducted a side-by-side comparison of indicators and inputs of the Israeli and PA health systems, including health expenditure and the density of healthcare professionals and facilities, using data from the World Bank, Physicians for Human Rights, the World Health Organization, and the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. On all selected measures, Israel reports better outcomes. Nearly 20% more of the Israeli population has essential service coverage; fewer Israeli citizens report catastrophic health expenditure. Israel reports more than double the proportion of beds and physicians and more than 10 times the health expenditure per capita. Life expectancy is eight years greater for Israelis. We conclude that these disparities amount to systemic exclusion of Palestinians from health services by Israel, undermining Israel’s claim to have achieved UHC. This has important implications for Palestinians, as it reveals Israel’s systematic neglect of the health of Palestinians as a form of structural violence, on top of which it inflicts frequent escalations of violence against Palestinians. It also highlights the importance of looking beyond aggregated indicators to expose the exclusion of marginalized communities.
Notes towards the Creative Biography of A. Carbonnier, the First Curator of the Museum of Applied Arts of the Baron von Stieglitz Central School of Technical Drawing
Authors: Власов А.В.
Published: August 2024

В статье представлен опыт научной реконструкции биографии хранителя Музея прикладного искусства училища барона Штиглица Андрея Александровича Карбоньера (1845–1908). Особый акцент сделан на работе А.А. Карбоньера по инвентаризации и систематизации экспонатов Музея прикладного искусства, а также уделено внимание его творческой и преподавательской деятельности. Статья основана на архивных документах.

The article presents the experience of a research reconstruction of the biography of Andrey Aleksandrovich Carbonnier (1845–1908) the first curator of the Museum of Applied Arts of the Baron von Stieglitz Central School of Technical Drawing. Special emphasis is placed on the work of A.A. Carbonnier on the inventory and systematisation of the exhibits of the Museum of Applied Arts, attention is also paid to his art and teaching. The article is based on archival documents.
Porcelain Iconostases of Churches in Saint Petersburg
Authors: Миттал А.В.
Published: August 2024

В статье рассматривается история появления в убранстве православных храмов фарфоровых иконостасов, а также их декоративные особенности. В качестве примера были рассмотрены иконостасы церкви Происхождения честных древ Креста Господня (Спасо-Бочаринской церкви) и Свято-Духовской церкви на Фарфоровском (Спасо-Преображенском) кладбище в Санкт-Петербурге, изготовленные на Императорском фарфоровом заводе и на фарфоровом заводе братьев Корниловых. Также был изучен первый в России фарфоровый иконостас, изготовленный на фарфоровом заводе А.М. Миклашевского для Покровской церкви в с. Волокитино Черниговской губернии. Рассмотрена проблема атрибуции керамического материала по архивным данным без возможности предметного осмотра фрагментов иконостасов. Также проведен сравнительный анализ фарфора и фаянса как материалов для производства керамических иконостасов с опорой на их физические характеристики. Разобрана актуальная на сегодняшний день проблема восстановления фарфоровых керамических иконостасов и трудности, связанные с конструированием иконостасов в интерьере современных или восстановленных храмов. Также стоит отметить, что восстановление убранства православных храмов из фарфора рассматривается в статье как способ развития современного декоративно-прикладного искусства религиозного назначения.

The article discusses the history of porcelain iconostases in the decoration of Orthodox churches and their decorative features. The iconostases of the Church of the Procession of the Honorable Wood of the Cross (the Spaso-Bocharinskaya Church) and the Holy Spirit Church at Farforovskoye (Spaso-Preobrazhenskoye) Cemetry in Saint Petersburg made at the Imperial Porcelain Factory and the private porcelain factory of the Kornilov brothers serve as examples. Ru Research was also made into Russia’s first-ever porcelain iconostasis made at the Miklashevsky Porcelain Factory for the decoration of the Church of the Intercession in the village of Volokitino in the Chernigov Governorate. The problem of attribution of ceramic material from archival data in cases where iconostasis fragments have not survived to the present day is discussed. Comparative analysis of porcelain and faience as materials for the manufacture of ceramic iconostases based on their natural characteristics was conducted. The modern-day problem of restoration of lost porcelain iconostases and the difficulties of iconostasis design for the interior of modern or reconstructed churches were investigated. The reconstruction of porcelain decorations of Russian Orthodox churches by modern ceramic workshops is discussed in the context of the development of modern decorative and applied arts for religious purposes.
Turkish Edged Weapons as Objects of Decorative and Applied Arts
Authors: Дудина А.Д.
Published: August 2024

Статья посвящена изучению турецкого холодного оружия как предмета декоративно-прикладного искусства. Дано краткое описание истории изучения и экспонирования восточного оружия. Рассмотрены примеры орнаментов, материалов и техник, применяемых при создании предметов оружия. Обозначены основные тенденции в развитии декоративного убранства оружия. Приведена классификация оружия и сферы его бытования.

The article discusses Turkish edged weapons as objects of decorative and applied arts. It offers a brief research and exhibition history of oriental weapons and an overview of ornaments, materials and techniques used in weapon-making. The author outlines the main trends in the development of weapon decoration and provides a classification of weapons and their spheres of application.
Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Siswa Pada Pembelajaran Matematika Materi Sudut di Kelas IV MI Tarbiyatus Sa’adah
Authors: Khotimah Nur , Humairah Humairah , Mudayan Arfian
Published: August 2024

Siswa di tingkat sekolah dasar sering mengalami kesulitan dalam mempelajari materi sudut matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat kesulitan yang dihadapi siswa saat belajar materi sudut, serta faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi pada kesulitan tersebut. Materi matematika banyak digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Studi ini melibatkan orang tua dan siswa-siswi MI Tarbiyatus Sa'adah, guru matematika kelas IV. Untuk mengumpulkan data, observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi digunakan. Penulis menggunakan model yang diciptakan oleh Miles dan Huberman untuk menganalisis data, yang mencakup pengurangan data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis kesulitan belajar yang dialami siswa terdiri dari kesulitan membaca dan memahami soal, kesulitan transformatif dan memproses, dan kesulitan menuliskan jawaban akhir. Ketiga masalah ini berbeda dalam cara siswa menjawab pertanyaan guru di kelas. Namun, ada dua jenis faktor yang mempengaruhi kesulitan belajar siswa: faktor internal, seperti motivasi, minat, dan rasa percaya diri; faktor eksternal, seperti keluarga dan lingkungan sekolah.
Método matricial para evaluación basado en valores y vectores propios
Authors: Pinto Erazo Alejandra Mabel , Benalcázar Gómez Jorge Ricardo
Published: August 2024

Frente a diversas causas que conducen a un bajo rendimiento académico estudiantil en temas de Matemática, se planteó como objetivo una métrica con método matricial para la evaluación del aprendizaje de Matemática Compleja; considerando los ejes actitudinal, procedimental y cognitivo, así también los aspectos conceptual, algebraico y gráfico-numérico, es decir una matriz 3x3 que permitió recopilar datos específicos. Luego de la aplicación de ensayos experimentales enfocados a la obtención, procesamiento e interpretación de datos numéricos, se obtuvo como resultado dos matrices específicas de evaluación. Una “matriz de estado” que describe el conocimiento del estudiante antes de la ejecución de la actividad y otra al finalizar el ensayo, las cuales permiten comparar el conocimiento antes y después, expresarlo como extremos de una cadena de Márkov; así también, comparar con otras métricas de evaluación existentes, siendo las matrices una rúbrica de calificación que ayuda a identificar las fallas y plantear mejoras. Mediante un programa en MATH LAB, se identificó un segundo resultado en forma de “Matriz de Transformación” que determina la evolución de la matriz de estado, es decir visualiza cuantitativamente el aprendizaje y por tanto mide la eficiencia de la actividad académica. Para ella se analizó la existencia de valores y vectores propios, los cuales se interpretan en la etapa de discusión.