bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APPLICABILITY OF THE PREDICTIVE FORMULAE FOR SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION ON FULL-SCALE RIPPLED BED AND SHEET FLOW
Authors: Jayaratne Ravindra , Shibayama Tomoya
Published: October 2012

A significant proportion of the sediment transported in coastal waters consists of sand, which moves in suspension. Transport of sediment suspension in and outside the surf zone occurs predominantly due to vortical motion over wave-generated sand ripples, from sheet flow layer and turbulence under breaking waves. A new set of explicit theoretical formulae was deduced to predict sediment concentration over full-scale rippled beds and sheet flows from the predictive models given in Jayaratne and Shibayama (2007). Previous predictive models were derived using 325 test cases from 1977-1996. The new formulae were also established using dimensional analysis and a best-fit technique. Parameterisation of formulae was carried out with the help of large-scale wave, sediment and concentration data appeared in SANTOSS database (see Van der Werf et al., 2009) which covered 298 test cases from 1987-2007. Reference level was taken where the concentration could be measured without affecting the bed.

Formulae for predicting bed reference concentration (ca), diffusion coefficient (Îµs) and concentration profile [c(z)] on full-scale rippled bed and sheet flow from Jayaratne and Shibayama (2007) were initially assessed with the new datasets. It was identified that the measured and predicted concentration do not agree well in magnitudes and distribution profile since the measured field-scale wave tunnel data have stronger bed shear effect than in the wave flume data used for the previous formulation. Therefore, some variables in previous equations were replaced appropriately with suitable parameters such as Shields parameter with the mobility number (Ïˆ) etc. Bed reference levels (z0) were adjusted based on the value of ca. Empirical constants and exponents in those equations were carefully modified in order to match the measured values using the regression analysis. The applicability of modified empirical formulae on full-scale rippled bed and sheet flow depends highly on z and Ïˆ. Two different suspension regions were identified within the datasets over the rippled beds due to the enhanced mixing processes in the upper layer and the coherent vortex structure in the osillatory boundary layer, hence two types of equations were proposed. Conversely, four distinct suspension regimes were identified over full-scale sheet flow and predictive models were given for upper sheet flow (exponential) and suspension layers (power relationship). The cause for this different behaviour was identified as the presence of different mixing processes in the upper sheet flow and suspension layer.

REFERENCES

Jayaratne, M.P.R. and Shibayama, T. (2007). Suspended sediment concentration on beaches under three different mechanisms, Coastal Engineering Journal, 49(4), 357-392.

Van der Werf, J.J., Schretlen, J.J.L.M., Ribberink, J.S. and O'Donoghue, T. (2009). Database of full-scale laboratory experiments on wave-driven sand transport processes, Coastal Engineering, 56, 726-732.
WAVE LOADS ON AND BENEATH BONDED PERMEABLE REVETMENTS
Authors: Ludwigs Gisa , Oumeraci Hocine , Staal Tijl
Published: October 2012

Permeable revetments made of bonded mineral aggregates may increasingly be favoured compared to standard revetments. However, the physical processes associated with the water-structure-soil-interaction for a wide range of wave conditions are still not well understood. Therefore, systematic large-scale model tests have been performed in the Large Wave Flume (GWK) of the Coastal Research Centre (FZK) in Hannover, with the intention of improving the understanding of these processes.
A STATISTICAL MODEL FOR DAMAGE ACCUMULATION IN BREAKWATERS
Authors: Castillo Carmen , Molina Rafael , Gómez Rebeca , Castillo Enrique
Published: October 2012

Rehabilitation and maintenance studies are a great concern for Port Authorities and other Administrations.

For a complete risk analysis, probability of failure due to instability of the armour layer must be analyzed and therefore a knowledge on its deterioration rate is needed.

Breakwater armour stability is highly variable and difficult to quantify for many variables are involved in the problem.

Breakwater armour stability is stochastic in nature as both loading and armour conditions are. There is uncertainty in armour placing and shape and in loading by waves and water level.

Dimensionality, compatibility conditions and the central limit theorem are suggested to be considered for building consistent statistical models reproducing random breakwater damage progression due to general random wave actions.
COMPARISON OF DRAG AND INERTIA COEFFICIENTS FOR A CIRCULAR CYLINDER IN RANDOM WAVES DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT METHODS
Authors: Mai Tri Cao , Wilms Mayumi , Hildebrandt Arndt , Schlurmann Torsten
Published: October 2012

This paper presents results from experimental works to investigate wave loading on a vertical circular cylinder in random wave conditions in a wave flume with different water depths . In-line force coefficients (drag and inertia coefficient) are estimated from the measured pressures on cylinder's surface at different elevations along the length of the cylinder. The wave kinematics are estimated by using different wave theories. Methods of max-min and least-squares (simplified by fit on wave-by-wave basis) are applied to determine force coefficients.
WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AFTER ESTABLISHING SEAWATER EXCHANGE SYSTEM AT JUMUNJIN HARBOR IN KOREA
Authors: Oh Sang-Ho , Lee Dal Soo , Lee Kwang Soo , Han Dong Jun , Kim Chang Il
Published: October 2012

Water quality of the harbor encompassed by a conventional breakwater is easily deteriorated when pollutants that exceed capability of natural purification are entered into the harbor. Jumunjin harbor, located on the east coast of Korean peninsula, had suffered such a serious pollution problem owing to severe stagnation of the seawater circulation inside and outside the harbor. As a countermeasure to this environmental problem, a seawater exchange system was established in some section of the existing breakwater in order to accelerate seawater circulation around the harbor. The two-year construction of the seawater exchange system was accomplished in January 2004, and since then the water quality of the harbor has been greatly improved. In this paper, we present the results of monitoring on the water quality at Jumunjin harbor during the time period before, during, and after the construction of the seawater exchange system.
AN EMPIRICAL APPROACH TO DETECT AN ACCELERATED SEA-LEVEL RISE
Authors: Fickert Maja
Published: October 2012

Among all consequences of climate change the expected global sea-level rise will have the greatest impact on seaborne navigation and maintaining the seaports. Also for coastal protection planning the knowledge of current sea-level rise is essential.

A hind cast of the global numerical models for the climate scenarios especially for the sea level data is hardly to perform precisely because time series of uneffected sea level data are too short and include no regional aspects. With the knowledge of the sea-level rise in the past and a detection of an accelerated rise the results and predictions of numerical models can be underlined.
HIGH RESOLUTION TSUNAMI MODELING AT THE MEDITERRANEAN COAST OF ISRAEL TOWARDS AN EARLY WARNING TSUNAMI SCENARIOS DATA BANK
Authors: Galanti Barak , Rosen Sergiu Dov , Salamon Amos
Published: October 2012

This poster paper presents first the a tsunami modelling investigation using the state of the art, open source tsunami model (GeoClaw), its adaptation to investigate the impact of tsunami wave generation, propagation and inundation at the Mediterranean coast of Israel using high resolution bathymetric and topographic grid , aided by additional tsunami generation modelling tools simulating the initial stages of tsunami generation by earthquake induced tectonic plates rupture and movement or by landslide on the coastal shelf, as well as visualization tools, adapted by the first author under LINUX operating system as an integral modelling package.
A HYDRO-MORPHODYNAMIC NUMERICAL MODEL OF A WADDEN SEA AREA
Authors: Falke Eva , Albers Thorsten , Pasche Erik
Published: October 2012

Based on field measurements a numerical model is developed to improve the knowledge of high

resoluted morphodynamic processes in shallow water sections of Wadden Sea areas.
RELIABILITY OF DUNE EROSION ASSESSMENT ALONG CURVED COASTLINES
Authors: Hoonhout Bas , Den Heijer Kees
Published: October 2012

The dune assessment methods used to ensure the safety of the lower areas in The Netherlands are based on simple empirical relations that are, strictly speaking, only valid for infinitely long, uniform and straight coasts. The wide application of these relations is mainly justified due to intentional overestimation of the expected dune erosion. In context of climate change and expected sea level rise, it is worthwhile to investigate the needs for this overestimation before any physical measures are taken. This paper describes a research to the influence on the dune erosion process of two longshore phenomena that are neglected in these relations so far: coastal curvatures and oblique wave attack. It is shown that the normative retreat distance can increase over 100% for curvatures relevant for The Netherlands. Furthermore, it is shown that the sensitivity of dune erosion models changes when working with curved coastlines. It is also shown that the importance of several model parameters is influenced by coastal curvatures and special attention should be paid to the correlations between storm surge levels and wave parameters.
LOCAL SCOUR CHARACTERISTICS OF GROINS AT TIDAL WATERWAYS AND THEIR SIMULATION
Authors: Dou Xiping , Zhang Xinzhou , Zhao Xiao-dong , Wang Xiangming
Published: October 2012

For the channel regulation in tidal rivers, groins are often used as typical hydraulic structures. Precisely predicting the local scour depth at the groin head is the key for the project of river regulation. The local scour of groins for tidal rivers is significantly different from that for the undirectional steady flow of general rivers. In the present paper, a three-dimendional (3D) mathematical model for turbulence and sediment transport are establishmented. The local scour near the groin under the actions of tidal current and steady flow are simulated by established 3D turbulence and sediment transport numerical model.The differences of the scour development and the scour pattern near the groin under these two actions are compared.
MORPHODYNAMIC PROCESSES IN ESTUARIES - COMPARISON OF MARINE AND LIMNIC TIDAL FLATS
Authors: Albers Thorsten , Much Dagmar , Ohle Nino , Von Lieberman Nicole , Falke Eva
Published: October 2012

Tidal flat areas in estuaries are affected by strong morphodynamics. Changes of sedimentation and erosion occur on different temporal and spatial scales. These changes challenge the responsible authorities due to the high importance of sufficient navigation channel depths and the ecological importance of those unique zones. In cooperation with the Hamburg Port Authority the Hamburg University of Technology runs broad field measurements on tidal flat areas in the Elbe estuary. The results provide a fundamental data set to improve the knowledge about morphodynamic processes. For more than 3 years water levels, waves, current parameters and suspended sediment concentrations are being recorded continuously and in a high resolution at different positions on a marine investigation area. Therefore, ADCP's, optical backscatter sensors (OBS) and pressure transducers (PT) are used. To observe the consequences of the morphodynamic processes, the bathymetry of the investigation areas is determined with a multi-beam echo sounder (MBES) in frequent intervals as well as after extreme events like storm surges. Derived from the field data certain patterns of erosion, sediment transport and sedimentation could be observed depending on tidal currents, waves and large scale weather conditions. Seasonal effects are analyzed as well as the influence of extreme events. The observed processes are compared with data from a limnic investigation area, where a second, shorter field study was carried out.
PRACTICAL MEASURES AGAINST SEA SALT PARTICLES FROM AN EXISTING VERTICAL WALL
Authors: Yamashiro Masaru , Yoshida Akinori , Nishii Yasuhiro
Published: October 2012

At Waku fishing port, facing to Japan Sea, in Yamaguchi prefecture, Japan, a vertical type breakwater was constructed in front of the mouth of the port to protect the inside against incoming waves about 10 years ago. Residents in the area have been troubled with heavy seawater spray and much smaller sea salt particles caused at the breakwater by sever waves and strong winds ever since. To reduce the generation of and the damage from the seawater spray and the sea salt particles, three different types of measures were proposed: (a) covering the breakwater with wave dissipating blocks, (b) construction of a low crested offshore breakwater some distance ahead of the breakwater, and (c) construction of an artificial reef some distance ahead of the breakwater. Laboratory experiments using a wave flume with a wind tunnel were conducted to compare the effects of suppressing the water spray generation. The results of the comparative experiments showed that the covering with the wave dissipating blocks (Plan (a)) is the most effective means.
TOE ROCK STABILITY FOR RUBBLE MOUND BREAKWATERS
Authors: Baart Stephan , Ebbens Reinder , Nammuni-Krohn Julia , Verhagen Henk Jan
Published: October 2012

Present design tools, as found in the Rock Manual or Coastal Engineering Manual, for the determination of toe rock size for rubble mound breakwaters are based on test data with a large spread: data is relatively dispersed around the centre and descriptive equations have limited applicability ranges. New research has been undertaken to contribute to a more accurate description of toe rock stability. Flume tests have lead to an empirical design criterion for toe bunds in very shallow water based on the Hudson-type stability number. Herein the foreshore slope turns out to have an important influence. An approach with theoretical background has been used for toe bunds in surging wave conditions. The resulting stability description, based on local flow velocities, has been verified with existing data sets. Additional flume tests were performed to measure flow velocities at the toe bund. Results are used to calibrate the velocity-approach, providing an improved design criterion.
BASIC DESIGN OF THE PARS PETROCHEMICAL PORT BREAKWATERS WITHIN A REGION OF DEEP WATER AND HIGH SEISMIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Banijamali Babak , Banijamali Morteza
Published: October 2012

This article addresses certain notable breakwater design aspects for the rare case of the Pars Petrochemical Port, where fairly slender rubble-mound breakwaters are located in water depths exceeding 32 meters within a seismically active zone. Due to the cryogenic cargo pipe-racks being placed atop breakwater crests, the design process has had to be concerned with seismic risks where the stability and deformations of breakwaters during earthquakes are important enough to govern the overall design as well as the more conventional hydraulic and geotechnical considerations. Moreover, some construction related issues pertinent to this fast-track project and the use of dredged material in the breakwater core are also discussed.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ENGINEERING EFFECT OF HOLLOW-BLOCK
Authors: Wu Hualin , Zhang Junyong , Liu Gaofeng
Published: October 2012

Effects of estuary regulation engineering are related to structure type of its dykes, but it is difficult to study the effect of local complex structure with physical model directly. Taking Nâ...¡C segment of the 2nd phase project of Deep Water Channel at Yangtze Estuary as a case, the paper discussed the method of research on engineering effect of hollow block structure by combining flume experiment with physical model. The method makes it possible to research the effects on current and riverbed induced by complex local structure with large-scale physical model. By comparison of different schemes, it is derived that the scheme without 2600m-long training dike of NIIC segment do harm to the exit channel of North Passage, and there are little influence with the scheme of the height of 2600m-long training dike of NIIC segment debasing 1m or the scheme of adopting hollow-block mound breakwater structure.
WAVES OVERTOPPING A WIDE-CRESTED DIKE
Authors: Verwaest Toon , Vanpoucke Philippe , Willems Marc , De Mulder Tom
Published: October 2012

If a coastal dike has a crest width of more than say a few meters, then wave overtopping will be significantly reduced due to the crest width, because kinetic energy can be dissipated on the crest and water on the crest can flow back towards the seaside. In coastal towns built on dune belts often a wide-crested coastal dike was constructed as both coastal protection and sea promenade. However, quantifying the effect of such a wide crest on wave overtopping is not straightforward because no empirical overtopping formulas are given in literature for this kind of configuration. Therefore physical scale model research was carried out. Also a simplified theoretical model concept was used based on an energy balance formulation of a single overtopping wave. Combining the scale model measurements with the theoretical model, a semi-empirical formula was developed and calibrated.
DESTRUCTIVE WAVE OVERTOPPING TESTS ON GRASS COVERED LANDWARD SLOPES OF DIKES AND TRANSITIONS TO BERMS
Authors: Steendam Gosse Jan , Van der Meer Jentsje W. , Hardeman Bianca , Van Hoven André
Published: October 2012

In 2009 tests have been performed at the Afsluitdijk, the closure dike of Lake IJssel in the Netherlands. This dike has a sand core covered by layers of clay and boulder clay, and a grass cover. In 2010 succeeding tests were performed at a river dike near Zwolle. This dike was a sand dike with a grass cover. In all of these tests research was performed on the behaviour of the grass cover on the landward slope of the dikes. Furthermore, the influence on erodibility of the grass cover caused by damage of the grass cover by mice, moles or other influences like tractor tracks were investigated. Also the influence of obstacles or other elements, which may be present at dikes, was part of the investigations (tree, stairs, fence, maintenance road). It was observed that all of these influences are to some extent contributing to a decrease of the resistance against failure.
EXPERIMENTAL FORMULA FOR THE WAVE-INDUCED SHIP MOORING FORCE
Authors: Meng Xiangwei , Gao Xue-ping , Zhang Wen-zhong , Jiang Yun-peng
Published: October 2012

The wave force dose not considered at the formula of mooring ship cable force in the Load Code for Harbor Engineering[JTJ215-98]. This brought the inconvenience to the calculation of designed cable force for mooring ship. By means of analysis for the laboratory model test result of mooring ship cable force under wave effect, Wave force formula of mooring ship under wave effect was gained. This formula well reflected the influence of ship size, ship load , ship rolling period, ship pitch period, wave period and wave height. The formula can be used in the calculation of standard value of mooring ship cable force under the wave effection, also it can be used to instruct the wave model test for mooring ship.

References

Zhang Ri-xiang. Liu Zhong-bo. Zhang Ning-chuan. 2003 .An Experimental Study on the Mooring Line Forces & Impact Forces of a Moored Ship Under the Combined Action of Wind,Wave and Current [J].,China offshore Platform, (01).15-18.

Li Yan. Zheng Bao-you.Gao Feng. Meng Xiang-wei.2007.Model test study on the impact forces and mooring line forces of a moored ship under the combined action of wave and current [J].;The Ocean Engineering, (02).57-63.

Ministry of transport of the People's Republic of China(1998).The Load Code for Harbor Engineering(JTJ215-98). [S].

Jiang Qing. Ge Hong-zheng.Xie Peng.2007.Influence of Ship's Type and Tonnage on the Ship's Mooring Force [J]. Port & Waterway Engineering, (09).51-59.

Wu Xiuhuan. 1999.Ship and maneuverability and seakeeping [M]. Ministry of transport of the People's Republic of China. p220.

Zhang Wen-zhong. Etc.(2006): Model test of Mooring LNG ship at Jiangsu Provence, Tianjin Port Engineering Institute Ltd. of CCCC.
Combustion synthesis of high‐purity β‐SiAlON fine powders using natural kaolin
Authors: Niu Jing , Akiyama Tomohiro , Yi Xuemei , Nakatsugawa Isao
Published: October 2012

Significance

Single‐phase β‐SiAlON particles with submicron size were prepared via combustion synthesis (CS) using natural kaolin, Si, and Al as raw materials under a nitrogen atmosphere of 1 MPa. Kaolin could not only act as the raw material to provide the source of oxygen, but also act as the diluent to reduce the reaction temperature by eliminating the structural water during reaction process.
Palladium‐catalyzed cyclization of β‐bromo‐α,β‐unsaturated ketones with arylhydrazines leading to 3‐substituted 1‐aryl‐1 H‐pyrazoles
Authors: Lee Hye Kyung , Cho Chan Sik
Published: October 2012

β‐Bromo‐α,β‐unsaturated ketones are condensed with arylhydrazines to form hydrazones, which are in situ intramolecularly cyclized into 3‐substituted 1‐aryl‐1 H‐pyrazoles under a catalytic system of Pd(OAc)2/1,3‐bis(diphenylhosphino)propane (dppp)/NaOtBu. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aqueous/organic biphasic hydroformylation of 1‐octene catalyzed by Co2(CO)8/Ph2P(CH2CH2O)nMe
Authors: Wu Dan , Zhang Jianwei , Wang Yanhua , Jiang Jingyang , Jin Zilin
Published: October 2012

The aqueous/organic biphasic hydroformylation of 1‐octene catalyzed by Co2(CO)8/Ph2P(CH2CH2O)nMe, anin situformed thermoregulated phase‐transfer cobalt catalyst, has been developed. The catalyst activity in this biphasic system was as high as that in the homogeneous system. The yield of oxo‐products was 93% when the reaction was carried out at 180 °C and under 4.0 MPa syngas pressure for 20 h. The catalyst could be easily recovered in the aqueous phase by decanting after the reaction system was cooled, and reused in consecutive reaction without any treatment. The loss of Co in the organic phase was less than 1% on average of five successive runs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic review of predictors of surgical performance
Authors: Maan Z N , Maan I N , Darzi A W , Aggarwal R
Published: October 2012

Background

Selection criteria for surgical training are not scientifically proven. There is a need to define which attributes predict future surgical performance. The aim of this study was to examine the predictive value of specific attributes that impact on surgical performance.

Methods

All studies assessing the predictive power of specified attributes with regard to outcome measures of surgical performance in MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Educational Resources Information Centre databases, and bibliographies of selected articles from 1950 to November 2010 were considered for inclusion by two independent reviewers. Information on study identifiers, participant characteristics, predictors assessed, evaluation methods for predictors, outcome measures, results and statistical analysis was collected. Quality assessment was carried out using the Hayden criteria.

Results

Visual–spatial perception correlated with both subjective and objective assessments of surgical performance, including rate of skill acquisition. Visual–spatial perception did not correlate with operative ability in experts, although it did with operative ability at the end of a training programme. Psychomotor aptitude, assessed collectively, correlated with rate of skill acquisition. Academic achievement predicted completion of a training programme and passing end-of-training examinations, but did not predict clinical performance during the training programme.

Conclusion

Intermediate- and high-level visual–spatial perception, as well as psychomotor aptitude, can be used as criteria for assessing candidates for surgical training. Academic achievement is an effective predictor of successful completion of training programmes and should continue to form part of the assessment of surgical candidates.
Vacuum and mesh-mediated fascial traction for primary closure of the open abdomen in critically ill surgical patients
Authors: Rasilainen S K , Mentula P J , Leppäniemi A K
Published: October 2012

Background

Several temporary abdominal closure techniques have been used in the management of open abdomen. Failure to achieve delayed primary fascial closure results in a large ventral hernia. This retrospective analysis evaluated whether the use of vacuum-assisted closure and mesh-mediated fascial traction (VACM) as temporary abdominal closure improved the delayed primary fascial closure rate compared with non-traction methods.

Methods

Patients treated with an open abdomen between 2004 and 2010 were analysed.

Results

Among 50 patients treated with VACM and 54 using non-traction techniques (control group), the delayed primary fascial closure rate was 78 and 44 per cent respectively (P < 0·001); rates among those who survived to abdominal closure were 93 and 59 per cent respectively. Independent predictors of delayed primary fascial closure in multivariable logistic regression analysis were the use of VACM (odds ratio (OR) 4·43, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·64 to 11·99) and diagnosis other than peritonitis, severe acute pancreatitis or ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (OR 3·45, 1·07 to 11·04), which represented the main diagnoses. Prophylactic open abdomen was used to inhibit the development of intra-abdominal hypertension more frequently in the VACM group (28 versus 7 per cent; P = 0·008). Twelve per cent of patients in the VACM group developed an enteroatmospheric fistula compared with 19 per cent of control patients. Among survivors, three of 31 treated with VACM and 17 of 36 controls were left with a planned ventral hernia (P = 0·001).

Conclusion

The indication for open abdomen contributed to the probability of delayed primary fascial closure. VACM resulted in a higher fascial closure rate and lower planned hernia rate than methods that did not provide fascial traction.
Accuracy and precision of quantitative digital coronary arteriography: Observer‐, short‐, and medium‐term variabilities
Authors: Reiber Johan H.C. , van der Zwet Pieter M.J. , Koning Gerhard , von Land Craig D. , van Meurs Bert , Gerbrands Jan J. , Buis Beert , van Voorthuisen Ad E.
Published: October 2012

Coronary arteriograms are increasingly acquired and stored in digital format, which allows instantaneous review of the pictorial data during the cardiac catheterization procedure. To support the angiographer in choosing the optimal sizes of the recanalization devices and studying the efficacy of the recanalization procedures, we have developed a new analytical software package (Automated Coronary Analysis = ACA) on the Philips DCI (‐SX) digital cardiac imaging system. The ACA‐package allows the objective and reproducible assessment of the morphologic and functional severity of coronary obstructions. Required user interaction is limited to the definition of the start and end points of the coronary segment to be analyzed. Automated contour detection is based on the use of first and second derivative functions along scanlines perpendicular to the automatically computed vessel pathline in the first iteration and perpendicular to the initial contours in the second iteration. These derivative functions have been modified based on the line spread function of the X‐ray imaging chain, which is of particular importance for the accurate measurement of small vessel sizes. Phantom studies have indeed demonstrated that vessel sizes down to 0·66 mm can be measured accurately and reproducibly. Inter‐ and intraobserver variability studies have demonstrated a variability in the obstruction diameter of 0·11 mm and 0·10 mm, respectively, and in the percent diameter stenosis of 5·64% and 3·18%, respectively. These variability studies have been extended to short‐term studies with repeated acquisition in the same angiographic views after 5 min and to medium‐term studies with repeated acquisition in the initial angiographic views at the end of the catheterization procedures. With these standardized repeated acquisition and analysis procedures, the variabilities in the obstruction diameters increased to 0·19 and 0·18 mm, respectively, and remained below 6% in the percent diameter stenosis (5·61 % and 5·28%, respectively). With an analysis time of ∼15 sec on the DCI‐SX, an efficient tool is now available in the catheterization laboratory for the objective and reproducible assessment of vessel dimensions and changes therein as a result of recanalization procedures.
Coronary artery spasm culminating in thrombosis following ergonovine stimulation
Authors: Hays John T. , Hamill R. Dennis , Defelice Clement A. , Raizner Albert E.
Published: October 2012

A 53‐yr‐old active man with angina but no angiographically significant obstructive coronary artery disease developed refractory spasm following ergonovine provocation. This resulted in thrombus formation and myocardial infarction. As such, this is the first case in which thrombosis developed at the site of intense coronary artery spasm induced by ergonovine, all of which were documented angiographically. Despite the notable safety of this test, this case re‐emphasizes the potential of ergonovine to produce intractable myocardial ischemia and infarction.
Patent ductus arteriosus presenting in old age
Authors: Hang Chi‐Ling , Sullebarger J. Thompson
Published: October 2012

This report describes an unusual case of patent ductus arteriosus, presenting in old age. The patient is the oldest living female with patent ductus reported thus far in the medical literature [1,2]. She initially presented with chest pressure and dyspnea, and subsequently developed subacute bacterial endocarditis and typical angina pectoris with ECG changes, but with normal coronary anatomy.
Angiographic recognition of a proximal balloon tear during inoue balloon mitral valvotomy
Authors: Chow Wing‐Hing , Chow Tsun‐Cheung , Cheung King‐Loong
Published: October 2012

Two patients in whom a proximal balloon tear accompanied by a unique angiographic appearance occurred during percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy using the Inoue balloon catheter are described.
Repeat balloon occlusion of a pulmonary arteriovenous fistula following cavopulmonary anastomosis in tetralogy of fallot
Authors: Chen Henry J. , Wargovich Thomas J. , Mickle J. Parker , Hill James A.
Published: October 2012

A 30‐year‐old woman with Tetralogy of Fallot and cavopulmonary anastomosis (Glenn shunt) presented with a large pulmonary arteriovenous fistula in the right lower lobe. This report describes the successful management following two successive therapeutic balloon embolizations.
The influence of positive and negative emotional associations on semantic processing in depression: An fMRI study
Authors: Sass Katharina , Habel Ute , Kellermann Thilo , Mathiak Klaus , Gauggel Siegfried , Kircher Tilo
Published: October 2012

In depression, patients suffer from emotional and cognitive deficits, among others in semantic processing. If these semantic deficits are cognitive or interact with emotional dysfunctions, is still an open question. The aim of the current study was to investigate the influence of emotional valence on the neural correlates of semantic priming in major depression. In a lexical decision task, positive, negative, and neutral word pairs were presented during fMRI measurement. Nineteen inpatients and 19 demographically matched controls were recruited. Behaviorally, positive and neutral valence induced a priming effect whereas negative valence induced no effect (controls) or even inhibition (slower RT for related stimuli) in patients. At the neural level, the semantic relation effect revealed similar neural activation in right middle frontal regions for patients and controls. Group differences emerged in the right fusiform gyrus and the ACC. Activity associated with positive valence differed at the DLPFC and amygdala and for negative valence at putamen and cerebellum. The activation of amygdala and DLPFC correlated negatively with the severity of depression. To conclude, semantic processing deficits in depression are modulated by emotional valence of the stimulus on the behavioral as well as on neural level in right‐lateralized prefrontal areas and the amygdala. The results highlighted an influence of depression severity on emotion information processing as the severity of symptoms correlated negatively with neural responses to positively and negatively valenced information. Hence, the dysfunctional emotion processing may further enhance the cognitive deficits in depression. Hum Brain Mapp 35:471–482, 2014. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SEM‐EDX and microftir studies on evaluation of protection capacity of some thin phosphate layers
Authors: Sandu Andrei Victor , Ciomaga Alexandra , Nemtoi Gheorghe , Bejinariu Costica , Sandu Ion
Published: October 2012

This article presents the SEM‐EDX and microFTIR study and the corrosion behavior of new five types of phosphated coatings obtained by coprecipitation in acid aqueous medium of some metal cations, pursuing the influence of the addition of other cations and a moderator of precipitation, on the uniformity and compactness of the layers and on the morphology of dendritic structure of Zn(II) and Fe(II) phosphates. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytochemistry of sialoglycoconjugates, lysozyme, and β‐defensin in eccrine glands of porcine snout skin as studied by electron microscopy
Authors: Fukui Kousuke , Yasui Tadashi , Gomi Hiroshi , Sugiya Hiroshi , Fujimori Osamu , Meyer Wilfried , Tsukise Azuma
Published: October 2012

In most mammals except for humanoid primates, eccrine glands are confined to the skin of a series of specific body regions. Sialic acids and antimicrobial substances exhibit various functional properties and serve as a component of nonspecific defense against micro‐organisms, respectively. In this study, the distribution of these moieties was studied by electron microscopic histochemical methods. The eccrine glandular acini consisted of two types of dark cells as well as clear cells. The secretory granules and Golgi apparatus of both types of dark cells contained sialic acid residues linked to α2‐6Gal/GalNAc. On the other hand, sialoglycoconjugates with Siα2‐3Galβ1‐4GlcNAc sequence were confined to those of the Type II dark cells. In addition, lysozyme and β‐defensin were mainly detected in the secretory granules of the Type II dark cells. These secretory products may create a defensive barrier against microbial invasion and play an essential role in preservation of the integrity of porcine snout skin as a sensory organ. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of cerebral spinal fluid suppression for diffusional kurtosis imaging
Authors: Yang Alicia W. , Jensen Jens H. , Hu Caixia C. , Tabesh Ali , Falangola Maria F. , Helpern Joseph A.
Published: October 2012

Purpose:

To evaluate the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) partial volume effect on diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) metrics in white matter and cortical gray matter.

Materials and Methods:

Four healthy volunteers participated in this study. Standard DKI and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) DKI experiments were performed using a twice‐refocused‐spin‐echo diffusion sequence. The conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean, axial, and radial diffusivity (MD, D‖, D⟂) together with DKI metrics of mean, axial, and radial kurtosis (MK, K‖, K⟂), were measured and compared. Single image slices located above the lateral ventricles, with similar anatomical features for each subject, were selected to minimize the effect of CSF from the ventricles.

Results:

In white matter, differences of less than 10% were observed between diffusion metrics measured with standard DKI and FLAIR‐DKI sequences, suggesting minimal CSF contamination. For gray matter, conventional DTI metrics differed by 19% to 52%, reflecting significant CSF partial volume effects. Kurtosis metrics, however, changed by 11% or less, indicating greater robustness with respect to CSF contamination.

Conclusion:

Kurtosis metrics are less sensitive to CSF partial voluming in cortical gray matter than conventional diffusion metrics. The kurtosis metrics may then be more specific indicators of changes in tissue microstructure, provided the effect sizes for the changes are comparable. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:365–371. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ift88 regulates Hedgehog signaling, Sfrp5 expression, and β‐catenin activity in post‐natal growth plate
Authors: Chang Ching‐Fang , Serra Rosa
Published: October 2012

Primary cilia are present on most cell types including chondrocytes. Dysfunction of primary cilia results in pleiotropic symptoms including skeletal dysplasia. Previously, we showed that deletion of Ift88 and subsequent depletion of primary cilia from chondrocytes resulted in disorganized columnar structure and early loss of growth plate. To understand underlying mechanisms whereby Ift88 regulates growth plate function, we compared gene expression profiles in normal and Ift88 deleted growth plates. Pathway analysis indicated that Hedgehog (Hh) signaling was the most affected pathway in mutant growth plate. Expression of the Wnt antagonist, Sfrp5, was also down‐regulated. In addition, Sfrp5 was up‐regulated by Shh in rib chondrocytes and regulation of Sfrp5 by Shh was attenuated in mutant cells. This result suggests Sfrp5 is a downstream target of Hh and that Ift88 regulates its expression. Sfrp5 is an extracellular antagonist of Wnt signaling. We observed an increase in Wnt/β‐catenin signaling specifically in flat columnar cells of the growth plate in Ift88 mutant mice as measured by increased expression of Axin2 and Lef1 as well as increased nuclear localization of β‐catenin. We propose that Ift88 and primary cilia regulate expression of Sfrp5 and Wnt signaling pathways in growth plate via regulation of Ihh signaling. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 350–356, 2013
Adolescent perspectives on phase I cancer research
Authors: Miller Victoria A. , Baker Justin N. , Leek Angela C. , Hizlan Sabahat , Rheingold Susan R. , Yamokoski Amy D. , Drotar Dennis , Kodish Eric
Published: October 2012

Background

The aim of this study was to examine adolescent patients' perspectives on their understanding and decision making about a pediatric Phase I cancer study.

Procedure

Participants included adolescents ages 14–21 years with cancer (N = 20), all of whom attended a Phase I study consent conference. Participants responded to closed‐ and open‐ended questions on a verbally administered structured interview, which assessed aspects of understanding and decision making about the Phase I study.

Results

All participants decided to enroll in the Phase I study. The majority of participants understood that participation was voluntary, entailed risks, and that they could withdraw. Most also believed that participation in the Phase I study would increase the length of their lives. The most frequent reasons for enrolling were positive clinical benefit, needing an option, impact on quality of life, and few side effects or fewer than those of current or past treatments. Eighty‐five percent of participants reported that they themselves made the final decision about enrollment in the Phase I study.

Conclusions

Most participants hoped or expected that the Phase I study would provide a direct benefit (increased survival time or cure) and reported that they themselves were the final decision‐maker about enrollment. Clinicians may underestimate the role of adolescents, especially if they believe that parents typically make such decisions. Future research should assess the actual participation of children and adolescents during the informed consent process and explore the role of hope in their decision making about Phase I studies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 873–878. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficacy and safety of transdermal buprenorphine in the management of children with cancer‐related pain
Authors: Ruggiero Antonio , Coccia Paola , Arena Roberta , Maurizi Palma , Battista Andrea , Ridola Vita , Attinà Giorgio , Riccardi Riccardo
Published: October 2012

Background

The current study investigated the efficacy, safety, tolerability, and compliance of a transdermal buprenorphine delivery system for the management of chronic cancer pain in the pediatric population.

Procedure

Sixteen pediatric patients with moderate to severe cancer‐related pain not satisfactorily controlled with previous non‐opioid therapies were enrolled. Transdermal buprenorphine was administered following a 72 hour schedule and rescue medication (tramadol) was allowed for breakthrough pain. Pain intensity was assessed using the Wong–Baker faces pain rating scale (WBS) and other parameters related to the global quality of life were evaluated. Children's evaluations of efficacy, compliance, and tolerability were recorded using numerical scales. Adverse events were monitored during the study and the medications needed to control opioid‐related nausea and constipation were recorded.

Results

Eleven patients (68.75%) responded to transdermal buprenorphine after 2 weeks of treatment. Pain intensity measured with WBS decreased from 6.25 at baseline to 1.38 at Day +60 (P < 0.001). All outcome measures of global quality of life (quality of sleep, alimentation, play and activity, speech, and crying) significantly improved over the 60‐day study period. Children's evaluations of compliance and tolerability of the drug were always positive over the entire period of treatment. No severe adverse events were recorded. Opioid‐related nausea was well controlled with medication on request, and the need for laxative therapy was greater at the end of the second month of treatment.

Conclusions

Transdermal buprenorphine was found to represent an efficient, safe and well tolerated approach to the management of children's chronic cancer pain. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 433–437. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
13C NMR relaxation and computational study of anisole and derivatives in the solution state
Authors: Ng Soon , Salleh Faizah Md. , Xie Yaoming , Schaefer Henry F.
Published: October 2012

13C NMR spin–lattice relaxation times and nuclear Overhauser effects were measured at several temperatures for the methoxyl methyl carbon and the phenyl ring carbons in neat samples and in dilute cyclohexane solution for anisole, 4‐methylanisole, and 4‐chloroanisole. Similar measurements were made for 2‐methylanisole, 2‐methyl‐4‐bromoanisole, and 2,4,6‐trimethylanisole in dilute cyclohexane solution. Density functional theory (DFT) computations were performed on anisole, 4‐chloroanisole and 2,4,6‐trimethylanisole to obtain the minimum energy structures and the potential energy barriers to the internal rotations of the methoxyl group. The shortest distance between a methoxyl methyl hydrogen and the ortho hydrogen in anisole is 1.920 Å. The DFT results point to steric interactions that arise thereof as the principal source of the energy barriers to the internal rotation of the methyl or of the methoxyl group. The carbon relaxation data are consistent with the existence of noncovalent intermolecular interaction, especially π − π stacking interaction. The nuclear magnetic resonance and DFT results are discussed with reference to the rotational characteristics of the methoxyl methyl and the anisotropy in the reorientational motion of anisole and its derivatives in dilute cyclohexane solution. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Auction‐based task allocation with trust management for shared sensor networks
Authors: Edalat Neda , Xiao Wendong , Motani Mehul , Roy Nirmalya , Das Sajal K.
Published: October 2012

Task allocation for wireless sensor networks with multiple concurrent applications (such as target tracking and event detection) requires sharing applications' tasks (such as sensing and computation) and available network resources. In this paper, we model the distributed task allocation problem for multiple concurrent applications by using a reverse combinatorial auction, in which the bidders (sensor nodes) are supposed to bid cost values (according to their available resources) for accomplishing the subset of the applications' tasks. Trust management schemes consist of a powerful tool for the detection of unexpected node behaviors (such as faulty or malicious). It is critical for participants (i.e., bidders and auctioneer) to estimate each other's trustworthiness before initiating the task allocation procedure. To address this issue, we introduce a real‐time trust management module for our auction system that is able to validate the reliable bid value and determine faulty nodes and malicious entities. The main objective of our task allocation scheme is to maximize the network lifetime by sharing tasks and network resources within applications, while enhancing the overall application quality of service (e.g., deadline). We also propose a heuristic two‐phase winner determination protocol to deal with the combinatorial reverse auction problem. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme offers the promising performance and efficiency. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seismic response of multistory reinforced concrete frame with vertical mass and stiffness irregularities
Authors: Varadharajan S. , Sehgal V. K. , Saini Babita
Published: October 2012

Irregular buildings behave differently as compared with regular buildings. Seismic design codes have quantified the irregularities in terms of magnitude only ignoring the effect of irregularity location. In the present study, a single parameter to quantify mass, stiffness and strength irregularity in terms of both magnitude and location is proposed on the basis of the dynamic characteristics of the building. Furthermore, building models with different types of irregularity with variation in magnitude and location of irregularity are analyzed by subjecting them to an ensemble of 27 ground motions to create a seismic response databank. In the analysis, the torsional effects generated due to irregularities in the building systems (as per EC 8:2004 provisions) are included. On the basis of regression analysis conducted on this seismic response databank, equations to estimate seismic response parameters such as fundamental period, maximum roof displacement and maximum inter‐story drift ratio etc. are proposed for the irregular buildings in terms of the proposed irregularity index. Finally, applicability of the proposed equations is discussed in brief, and these equations are validated for 2D and 3D building models. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
To what interventions are students responding?
Authors: Lipson Marjorie Y. , Wixson Karen K.
Published: October 2012

In this column we review research about effective literacy intervention(s) and guide language and literacy professionals in thinking through this critical aspect of a systemic approach to improving literacy outcomes for all students.