bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Commercially available glutenases: a potential hazard in coeliac disease
Authors: Krishnareddy Suneeta , Stier Kenneth , Recanati Maya , Lebwohl Benjamin , Green Peter HR
Published: April 2017

Background:

The only treatment for celiac disease (CD) is a gluten-free diet (GFD). However, there is interest among patients in a medical therapy to replace or help with a GFD. Therapies include gluten-degrading enzymes (glutenases). There are glutenases available marketed as dietary supplements that have not been demonstrated to digest the toxic epitopes of gluten.

Methods:

We investigated the contents, claims, and disclaimers of glutenase products and assessed patient interest using Google AdWords to obtain Google search frequencies.

Results:

Among 14 glutenase product, all contained proteases, eight contained X-prolyl exopeptidase dipeptidyl peptidase IV, two did not state the protease contents, and eight failed to specify the name or origin of all proteases. Eleven contained carbohydrases and lipases and three probiotics. One declared wheat and milk as allergens, two contained herbal products (type not stated) and one Carica papaya. Thirteen claimed to degrade immunogenic gluten fragments, four claimed to help alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms associated with eating gluten. Disclaimers included not being evaluated by the US Food and Drug Administration and products not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. On Google AdWords, the search frequency for the product names and the search terms was 3173 searches per month.

Conclusions:

The names of these products make implicit claims that appear to be supported by the claims on the labels and websites for which there is no scientific basis. Google search data suggest great interest and therefore possible use by patients with CD. There needs to be greater oversight of these ‘drugs’.
Closing the Loop in Adults, Children and Adolescents With Suboptimally Controlled Type 1 Diabetes Under Free Living Conditions: A Psychosocial Substudy
Authors: Barnard Katharine D. , Wysocki Timothy , Ully Vanessa , Mader Julia K. , Pieber Thomas R. , Thabit Hood , Tauschmann Martin , Leelarathna Lalantha , Hartnell Sara , Acerini Carlo L. , Wilinska Malgorzata E. , Dellweg Sibylle , Benesch Carsten , Arnolds Sabine , Holzer Manuel , Kojzar Harald , Campbell Fiona , Yong James , Pichierri Jennifer , Hindmarsh Peter , Heinemann Lutz , Evans Mark L. , Hovorka Roman
Published: April 2017

Objective:

The objective was to explore psychosocial experiences of closed loop technology for adults, children, and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents taking part in two multicenter, free-living, randomized crossover home studies.

Methods:

Participants using insulin pump therapy were randomized to either 12 weeks of automated closed-loop glucose control, then 12 weeks of sensor augmented insulin pump therapy (open loop), or vice versa. Closed loop was used for 24 hours by adults and overnight only by children and adolescents. Participants completed the Diabetes Technology Questionnaire (DTQ) periodically and shared their views in semistructured interviews. This analysis characterizes the impact of the technology, positive and negative aspects of living with the device, alongside participants’ expectations, hopes, and anxieties.

Results:

Participants were 32 adults, age 38.6 ± 9.6 years, 55% male, and 26 children, mean age 12 years (range 6-18 years), 54% male. DTQ results indicated moderately favorable impact of, and satisfaction with, both open and closed loop interventions, but little evidence of a comparative advantage of either. Key positive themes included perceived improved blood glucose control, improved general well-being, particularly on waking, improved sleep, reduced burden of diabetes, and visibility of data. Key negative themes included having to carry around the equipment and dislike of the pump and second cannula (ie, sensor) inserted.

Conclusions:

Overall, participants reported a positive experience of the closed loop technology. Results are consistent with previous research with size of equipment continuing to be a problem. Progress is being made in the usability of the closed-loop system.
Curve Appeal: Exploring Individual Differences in Preference for Curved Versus Angular Objects
Authors: Cotter Katherine N. , Silvia Paul J. , Bertamini Marco , Palumbo Letizia , Vartanian Oshin
Published: April 2017

A preference for smooth curvature, as opposed to angularity, is a well-established finding for lines, two-dimensional shapes, and complex objects, but little is known about individual differences. We used two-dimensional black-and-white shapes—randomly generated irregular polygons, and arrays of circles and hexagons—and measured many individual differences, including artistic expertise, personality, and cognitive style. As expected, people preferred curved over angular stimuli, and people’s degree of curvature preference correlated across the two sets of shapes. Multilevel models showed varying patterns of interaction between shape and individual differences. For the irregular polygons, people higher in artistic expertise or openness to experience showed a greater preference for curvature. This pattern was not evident for the arrays of circles and hexagons. We discuss the results in relation to the nature of the stimuli, and we conclude that individual differences do play a role in moderating the preference for smooth curvature.
Stereoscopic Segmentation Cues Improve Visual Timing Performance in Spatiotemporally Cluttered Environments
Authors: Talbot Daniel , Van der Burg Erik , Cass John
Published: April 2017

Recently, Cass and Van der Burg demonstrated that temporal order judgment (TOJ) precision could be profoundly impaired by the mere presence of dynamic visual clutter elsewhere in the visual field. This study examines whether presenting target and distractor objects in different depth planes might ameliorate this remote temporal camouflage (RTC) effect. TOJ thresholds were measured under static and dynamic (flickering) distractor conditions. In Experiment 1, targets were presented at zero, crossed, or uncrossed disparity, with distractors fixed at zero disparity. Thresholds were significantly elevated under dynamic compared with static contextual conditions, replicating the RTC effect. Crossed but not uncrossed disparity targets improved performance in dynamic distractor contexts, which otherwise produce substantial RTC. In Experiment 2, the assignment of disparity was reversed: targets fixed at zero disparity; distractors crossed, uncrossed, or zero. Under these conditions, thresholds improved significantly in the nonzero distractor disparity conditions. These results indicate that presenting target and distractor objects in different planes can significantly improve TOJ performance in dynamic conditions. In Experiment 3, targets were each presented with a different sign of disparity (e.g., one crossed and the other uncrossed), with no resulting performance benefits. Results suggest that disparity can be used to alleviate the performance-diminishing effects of RTC, but only if both targets constitute a single and unique disparity-defined surface.
Sensitivity to Nonaccidental Configurations of Two-Line Stimuli
Authors: Kubilius Jonas , Sleurs Charlotte , Wagemans Johan
Published: April 2017

According to Recognition-By-Components theory, object recognition relies on a specific subset of three-dimensional shapes called geons. In particular, these configurations constitute a powerful cue to three-dimensional object reconstruction because their two-dimensional projection remains viewpoint-invariant. While a large body of literature has demonstrated sensitivity to changes in these so-called nonaccidental configurations, it remains unclear what information is used in establishing such sensitivity. In this study, we explored the possibility that nonaccidental configurations can already be inferred from the basic constituents of objects, namely, their edges. We constructed a set of stimuli composed of two lines corresponding to various nonaccidental properties and configurations underlying the distinction between geons, including collinearity, alignment, curvature of contours, curvature of configuration axis, expansion, cotermination, and junction type. Using a simple visual search paradigm, we demonstrated that participants were faster at detecting targets that differed from distractors in a nonaccidental property than in a metric property. We also found that only some but not all of the observed sensitivity could have resulted from simple low-level properties of our stimuli. Given that such sensitivity emerged from a configuration of only two lines, our results support the view that nonaccidental configurations could be encoded throughout the visual processing hierarchy even in the absence of object context.
Improved metabolism and redox state with a novel preservation solution: implications for donor lungs after cardiac death (DCD)
Authors: Schipper David A. , Louis Anthony V. , Dicken Destiny S. , Johnson Kitsie , Smolenski Ryszard T. , Black Stephen M. , Runyan Ray , Konhilas John , Garcia Joe G.N. , Khalpey Zain
Published: April 2017

Lungs donated after cardiac death (DCD) are an underutilized resource for a dwindling donor lung transplant pool. Our study investigates the potential of a novel preservation solution, Somah, to better preserve statically stored DCD lungs, for an extended time period, when compared to low‐potassium dextran solution (LPD). We hypothesize that Somah is a metabolically superior organ preservation solution for hypothermic statically stored porcine DCD lungs, possibly improving lung transplant outcomes. Porcine DCD lungs (n = 3 per group) were flushed with and submerged in cold preservation solution. The lungs were stored up to 12 h, and samples were taken from lung tissue and the preservation medium throughout. Metabolomic and redox potential were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and RedoxSYS®, comparing substrate and pathway utilization in both preservation solutions. Glutathione reduction was seen in Somah but not in LPD during preservation. Carnitine, carnosine, and n‐acetylcarnosine levels were elevated in the Somah medium compared with LPD throughout. Biopsies of Somah exposed lungs demonstrated similar trends after 2 h, up to 12 h. Adenosine gradually decreased in Somah medium over 12 h, but not in LPD. An inversely proportional increase in inosine was found in Somah. Higher oxidative stress levels were measured in LPD. Our study suggests suboptimal metabolic preservation in lungs stored in LPD. LPD had poor antioxidant potential, cytoprotection, and an insufficient redox potential. These findings may have immediate clinical implications for human organs; however, further investigation is needed to evaluate DCD lung preservation in Somah as a viable option for transplant.
Research in marketing ethics: Continuing and emerging themes
Authors: Murphy Patrick E
Published: April 2017

This article discusses both longstanding and emergent research themes in marketing ethics. It begins with a section on definitions and moves to an examination of research on: consumer ethics, product issues, pricing questions, channels challenges, and two emerging trends having to do with advertising and promotion. A latter part of the article provides a number of suggestions for junior scholars in conducting research on topics in marketing ethics. It concludes with a few thoughts on teaching marketing ethics and a mention of privacy as an area of growing ethical concern in marketing.
Burkholderia cepacia complex and limited cutaneous vasculitis in patients with cystic fibrosis: a case series
Authors: Kayria Muttardi , Chris Orchard , Dhasmana Devesh J , Nilesh Morar , Hodson Margaret E , Khin Gyi , Diana Bilton , Simmonds Nicholas J
Published: April 2017

Lesson

There is a high association of reactive skin presentations, mainly limited cutaneous vasculitis in patients with cystic fibrosis and Burkholderia cepcia complex chronic infection. This may be due to raised levels of circulating inflammatory mediators.
Linking Incidents in Long-Term Care Facilities to Worker Activities
Authors: McCloskey Rose , Donovan Cindy , Donovan Alicia
Published: April 2017

This article reports on a study examining staff activities being performed when incidents were reported to have occurred. The risk for injury among health care providers who engage in patient handling activities is widely acknowledged. For those working in long-term care, the risk of occupational injury is particularly high. Although injuries and injury prevention have been widely studied, the work has generally focused on incident rates and the impact of specific assistive devices on worker safety. The purpose of this study was to examine reported staff incidents in relation to staff activities. A multicenter cross-sectional exploratory study used retrospective data from reported staff incidents (2010, 2011, and 2012) and prospective data from 360 hours of staff observations in five long-term care facilities during 2013. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data. A total of 898 staff incidents were reviewed from the facilities. Incidents were most likely to occur in resident rooms. Resident aides were more likely to be engaged in high-risk activities than other care providers. Times when staff incidents were reported to have occurred were not associated with periods of high staff-to-resident contact. Safe handling during low and moderate risk activities should be promoted. Education on what constitutes a reportable incident and strategies to ensure compliance with reporting policies and procedures may be needed to ensure accuracy and completeness of incident data.
Prevalence and Correlates of Probable HIV-Associated Dementia in HIV Outpatients in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Thai Thanh Truc , Jones Mairwen K. , Harris Lynne M. , Heard Robert C.
Published: April 2017

This study identified prevalence and correlates of HIV-associated dementia (HAD) among people living with HIV (PLWHA) in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Four hundred PLWHA completed a self-report questionnaire and were interviewed by a trained researcher to assess HAD using the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS). Clinical information concerning HIV treatment was also extracted from medical records. The results indicate the prevalence of probable HAD based on IHDS score <10.5 was 39.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 35.0%-44.5%). Probable HAD was significantly higher among female, older PLWHA and among those with low education level (≤ primary school), moderate level of adherence to HIV medication and HIV stage 3. Those PLWHA with depressive symptoms also had higher odds of having probable HAD (odds ratio = 3.23, 95% CI: 2.05-5.11). These findings underscore the importance of early HAD screening and appropriate referral for further assessment and management of PLWHA especially those with higher risk of HAD.
Isotropic and anisotropic velocity model building for subsalt seismic imaging
Authors: Keys Robert , Matava Tim , Foster Douglas , Ashabranner Don
Published: April 2017

The effectiveness of basin simulators for deriving subsalt velocity models has been previously shown through the use of a correlation to relate effective stress to velocity. We build on this and others’ work by using physical models to relate porosity to velocity. This process yields a physically realizable isotropic velocity model that is consistent with the geologic model and matches the tomographic velocity model above salt and in regions where the tomographic velocity estimate is accurate. We then use a geomechanical simulator to model the stress distribution in and around allochthonous salt in which material properties between salt and sediment change. Our stress model is the basis for an anisotropic velocity model using Murnaghan’s theory for finite elastic deformation. This formulation, with bounds placed on the elastic coefficients, leads to significant imaging improvements adjacent to salt.
Perturbational and nonperturbational inversion of Rayleigh-wave velocities
Authors: Haney Matthew M. , Tsai Victor C.
Published: April 2017

The inversion of Rayleigh-wave dispersion curves is a classic geophysical inverse problem. We have developed a set of MATLAB codes that performs forward modeling and inversion of Rayleigh-wave phase or group velocity measurements. We describe two different methods of inversion: a perturbational method based on finite elements and a nonperturbational method based on the recently developed Dix-type relation for Rayleigh waves. In practice, the nonperturbational method can be used to provide a good starting model that can be iteratively improved with the perturbational method. Although the perturbational method is well-known, we solve the forward problem using an eigenvalue/eigenvector solver instead of the conventional approach of root finding. Features of the codes include the ability to handle any mix of phase or group velocity measurements, combinations of modes of any order, the presence of a surface water layer, computation of partial derivatives due to changes in material properties and layer boundaries, and the implementation of an automatic grid of layers that is optimally suited for the depth sensitivity of Rayleigh waves.
An adaptive multiscale algorithm for efficient extended waveform inversion
Authors: Fu Lei , Symes William W.
Published: April 2017

Subsurface-offset extended full-waveform inversion (FWI) may converge to kinematically accurate velocity models without the low-frequency data accuracy required for standard data-domain FWI. However, this robust alternative approach to waveform inversion suffers from a very high computational cost resulting from its use of nonlocal wave physics: The computation of strain from stress involves an integral over the subsurface offset axis, which must be performed at every space-time grid point. We found that a combination of data-fit driven offset limits, grid coarsening, and low-pass data filtering can reduce the cost of extended inversion by one to two orders of magnitude.
Numerical simulation of in-pipe particle transportation in CO2 foam
Authors: Huang Cheng , Sun Xiao , Wu Jinqiao
Published: April 2017

Proppant-carrying foam fracturing fluids have complex rheological and transportation properties. Current studies on these fluids often focus on experimental phenomena. However, due to the limitation of experimental research, only macroscopic properties, such as the critical settling velocity, can be obtained. Transportation mechanisms and volume fraction distributions are poorly understood as well. In our study, the liquid-solid drag coefficient is corrected, and the mathematical physical model of non-Newtonian fluids of the particle-foam multiple phase is established by using a two-phase model. Proppant settling and transport properties in foam fracturing fluids are numerically studied, particle distribution on pipe cross section is obtained at various conditions, and a criterion for full development of fluid flow in pipe is set. We also find that when the Reynolds number (Re) is less than 190, the critical point of full development of flow increases with Re, whereas when Re is greater than 190, the critical point of full development decreases exponentially with the increasing of Re before stabilizing at approximately 45.
Enhanced coherence using principal component analysis
Authors: Liu Zhining , Song Chengyun , Cai Hanpeng , Yao Xingmiao , Hu Guangmin
Published: April 2017

Coherence is a measure of similarity between seismic waveforms. It gives a quantitative description of lateral reflection changes and highlights variations of the geologic features within a seismic image. However, subtle changes in waveforms are often difficult to capture using traditional coherence measures because of the high similarity among the remaining parts in the vertical analysis window. We have developed an attribute called enhanced coherence based on principal component analysis (PCA) with the goal of reducing redundancy within the vertical analysis window, which is often composed of the parts with a high similarity between neighboring traces, and highlighting subtle lateral changes. In computing such a coherence image, we first extract seismic data within a specified time window along a picked horizon. Then, we calculate the enhanced coherence from reduced data obtained using a dimension-reduction technique. Because seismic data typically consist of large volumes, PCA is chosen for dimension reduction due to its insensitivity to the amount of data. We also find that reduced data based on PCA is equivalent to applying texture model regression with multiple models obtained from the data. We have evaluated the enhanced coherence by applying it to poststack data and prestack data acquired over the Sichuan Basin in southwestern China. We determined that the enhanced coherence has a higher resolution for delineating subtle lateral changes. Additionally, enhanced coherence calculated from prestack data is proven to be able to capture anisotropic features.
Autism and schizophrenia: One, two or many disorders?
Authors: Wood Stephen J.
Published: April 2017

Autism and psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia co-occur more frequently than would be expected by chance alone. Exactly why this should be remains unclear, but a better understanding would have important implications for diagnosis, treatment and for biological explanations of both conditions.
Distribution of Salivary Testosterone in Men and Women in a British General Population-Based Sample: The Third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3)
Authors: Keevil Brian G. , Clifton Soazig , Tanton Clare , Macdowall Wendy , Copas Andrew J. , Lee David , Field Nigel , Mitchell Kirstin R. , Sonnenberg Pam , Bancroft John , Mercer Cath H. , Johnson Anne M. , Wellings Kaye , Wu Frederick C. W.
Published: April 2017

Introduction:

Measurement of salivary testosterone (Sal-T) to assess androgen status offers important potential advantages in epidemiological research. The utility of the method depends on the interpretation of the results against robustly determined population distributions, which are currently lacking.

Aim:

To determine age-specific Sal-T population distributions for men and women.

Methods:

Morning saliva samples were obtained from participants in the third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles, a probability sample survey of the British general population. Sal-T was measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Linear and quantile regression analyses were used to determine the age-specific 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles for the general population (1675 men and 2453 women) and the population with health exclusions (1145 men and 1276 women).

Results:

In the general population, the mean Sal-T level in men decreased from 322.6 pmol/L at 18 years of age to 153.9 pmol/L at 69 years of age. In women, the decrease in the geometric mean Sal-T level was from 39.8 pmol/L at 18 years of age to 19.5 pmol/L at 74 years of age. The annual decrease varied with age, with an average of 1.0% to 1.4% in men and 1.3% to 1.5% in women. For women, the 2.5th percentile fell below the detection limit (<6.5 pmol/L) from age 52 years onward. The mean Sal-T level was approximately 6 times greater in men than in women, and this remained constant over the age range. The Sal-T level was lowest for men and highest for women in the summer. The results were similar for the general population with exclusions.

Conclusions:

To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the sex- and age-specific distributions for Sal-T in a large representative population using a specific and sensitive LC-MS/MS technique. The present data can inform future population research by facilitating the interpretation of Sal-T results as a marker of androgen status.
“As Forming Becomes Form”
Authors: Tan Daphne
Published: April 2017

Ernst Kurth's writings on musical form, while celebrated by many scholars, have been subject to differing interpretations and outright dismissal. Bruckner (1925), his best-known exposition on form, is daunting in scope and idiosyncratic in tone. A more sizable challenge, however, is understanding just what Kurth means by form. This article proposes that his final publication, Musikpsychologie (1931), offers the greatest source of elucidation, and it focuses on a central topic in Musikpsychologie: musical listening as active and participatory. The article begins by outlining two intellectual developments in the early twentieth century on which Kurth's ideas hinge. This is followed by an examination of Kurth's general ideas about musical listening and his specific notion of Erformung—the development of an impression of form through “multitrack listening.” The article discusses why Kurth considers existing theories of form (those of Hugo Riemann and Alfred Lorenz in particular) inadequate for conveying the process of Erformung. Finally, it examines Kurth's 1925 analysis of the opening of Bruckner's Sixth Symphony Finale in light of Musikpsychologie. The discussion emphasizes ways in which Kurth's approach to the analysis of form overlaps with more recent approaches to embodied musical listening.
Making a Virtue of Necessity
Authors: Parkhurst Bryan J.
Published: April 2017

Schenker has a puzzling and controversial habit of claiming that musical works must be as they are and that their features are somehow necessary. I argue that Schenker's necessitarianism becomes comprehensible if it is recognized as an outgrowth of his methodological organicism, which is in turn motivated by his Hanslickian musical absolutism. What emerges from this triangulation of commitments is that Schenker's interpretive practice accords with the scientific precepts Kant's philosophy of biology attempts to establish. This result casts new light on the purport of Schenker's graphical technique.
Béla Bartók's Evolution of Tonal Resources
Authors: Bennett James N.
Published: April 2017

This article develops a method for interpreting Béla Bartók's early tonal practice that supposes a conceptual shift from a relatively historically static major-minor tonality to a multivalent, “evolving” tonality in which works express individual variations on abstract, communal ideas of key. Starting with Edward Gollin's recent generalization of Moritz Hauptmann's key representations as “multiaggregate cycles”—which he also uncovers on the surface of and in the relations between harmonies in Bartók's music—the article briefly reconsiders Hauptmann's theories and depictions and then elaborates on the relation between those key depictions and multiaggregate cycles. Ultimately, it argues that augmented and diminished triads—the harmonies disjunctive to the alternating major and minor thirds that generate Hauptmann's representations—form the primary basis for Bartók's multiaggregate cycles and that these “(048) or (0369) chains” exemplify augmented and diminished tendencies propelling the development of new key variations. By way of demonstration, the article ends with several analyses of Bartók's works from the decade 1908–17: the first movement of the Second String Quartet (1914–17), “Three Autumn Teardrops” from the Five Songs, op. 16 (1916), the fourth of the Four Dirges (1910), and the Tenth Bagatelle (1908).
Patterns of ocular inflammation in patients with miliary tuberculosis
Authors: Mehta Salil
Published: April 2017

Background: Ocular morbidity associated with systemic tuberculosis is common. The clinical picture varies from anterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis and posterior uveitis to even panuveitis. There is little data on the correlation between specific systemic presentations and the ocular inflammation. We conducted a retrospective review of the ocular findings in the case records of patients admitted with a diagnosis of miliary tuberculosis. These patients were then referred for a more detailed ophthalmic evaluation.

Methods: We analysed the case records of patients with a clinical diagnosis of miliary tuberculosis over a 10-year period at Lilavati Hospital  and Research Center, Mumbai.

Results: In total, 11 immunocompetent patients were identified. All 22 eyes showed normal findings on slit lamp examination. Dilated fundus examination showed single or multiple tubercles. In our cohort, the ocular findings were exclusively in the form of choroidal tuberculosis, either unilaterally or bilaterally. Slit lamp examination revealed no anterior segment inflammation

Conclusions: We suggest that this pattern of choroidal/retinal tuberculosis in the absence of anterior and intermediate segment inflammation is specific for miliary tuberculosis and may be related to a specific immune response.
Autophagy and airway fibrosis: Is there a link?
Authors: Kota Anudeep , Deshpande Deepak A. , Haghi Mehra , Oliver Brian , Sharma Pawan
Published: April 2017

In the past decade, an emerging process named “autophagy” has generated intense interest in many chronic lung diseases. Tissue remodeling and fibrosis is a common feature of many airway diseases, and current therapies do not prevent or reverse these structural changes. Autophagy has evolved as a conserved process for bulk degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic components to maintain basal cellular homeostasis and healthy organelle populations in the cell. Furthermore, autophagy serves as a cell survival mechanism and can also be induced by chemical and physical stress to the cell. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that autophagy plays an essential role in vital cellular processes, including tissue remodeling. This review will discuss some of the recent advancements made in understanding the role of this fundamental process in airway fibrosis with emphasis on airway remodeling, and how autophagy can be exploited as a target for airway remodeling in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Pay-as-You-Wish Pricing
Authors: Chen Yuxin , Koenigsberg Oded , Zhang Z. John
Published: April 2017

Some firms use a curious pricing mechanism called “pay as you wish” pricing (PAYW). When PAYW is used, a firm lets consumers decide what a product is worth to them and how much they want to pay to get the product. This practice has been observed in a number of industries. In this paper, we theoretically investigate why and where PAYW can be a profitable pricing strategy relative to the conventional “pay as asked” pricing (PAAP) strategy. We show that PAYW has a number of advantages over PAAP such that it is well suited for some industries but not for others. These advantages are as follows: (1) PAYW helps a firm to maximally penetrate a market; (2) it allows a firm to price discriminate among heterogenous consumers; (3) it helps to moderate price competition. We derive conditions under which PAYW dominates PAAP and discuss ways to improve the profitability of PAYW.
Modified transformation laws of coordinates and composition of velocities
Authors: Khilji Mohd. Javed
Published: April 2017

A new transformation law of coordinates is determined, which allows the inclusion of complex velocity vectors. It is found that in an isotropic universe which is filled with matter throughout, each frame can have references for its position of rest or of motion in a localized domain wherein a frame at rest does not change its position with time relative to surroundings. However, in the system, the moving frame sees only a reflection of its own motion in the rest-frame to appear it moving in antipodal direction. It is therefore, the relative motion cannot be said to be a just direction reversal with two real velocities having a single magnitude common between them; however, it is a synthesis of both real and imaginary motions. The proposed transformation laws are similar to that of Lorentz under which vector quantities be in cross product or in dot product remain invariant such as Maxwell equations. However, inherent scalar quantities such as mass, time etc. vary to distinguish rest-frame from the moving one. It is seen that the physical processes are exactly the same as Einstein predicted but without reciprocity effects and thus provide a justification of quantization of red-shift and particle decay. These considerations are useful in understanding the intricacies of the micro world such as short-lived particle, antimatter, subatomic particles, gamma rays, gamma-ray burst (GRBs), cosmic rays, dark matter, and asymmetry of Dopplerâ€™s shifting images.
ESTUDO DAS PRESCRIÇÕES DE PSICOTRÓPICOS EM UMA FARMÁCIA DA CIDADE DE SOBRAL, CEARÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Costa George Muniz Portela da , Oliveira Maria Auxiliadora Silva
Published: April 2017

O presente estudo teve como finalidade traçar o perfil das prescrições de psicotrópicos em farmácia comunitária no município de Sobral, CE. Para elaboração deste trabalho foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo quantitativa, que teve como instrumento as notificações dos receituários coletados no período de janeiro a junho de 2014, onde foram analisadas 1.637 notificações de receitas, observando os seguintes aspectos: tipo de receituário, classe terapêutica que apresentava maior dispensação, gênero do paciente, especialidade médica que mais prescreveu psicotrópicos, a tipologia mais prescrita de medicamento psicotrópico, e preenchimento correto das notificações de receitas pelos profissionais de saúde. Os principais erros observados foram: nome do medicamento em desacordo com a DCB (DenominaçãoComum Brasileira) em 79% das prescrições. O gênero que mais fez uso desse tipo de fármaco foi o feminino (65%).A notificação de receita mais numerosa foi da classe C1 (52%). A classe de medicamento mais prescrita foi de antidepressivos (32,13%). Os medicamentos de referência foram os mais prescritos (71%). A especialidade médica que mais prescreveu foi Clínica Geral (38,76%). Os resultados expõem a fragilidade no processo de prescrição e dispensação dos medicamentos psicotrópicos, além de evidenciar o despreparo dos profissionais de saúde, que prescrevem os medicamentos e os dispensam, revelando muitas vezes irresponsabilidade no exercício de sua atividade profissional.
INSTITUCIONALIZAÇÃO E RECONHECIMENTO DA ASSISTÊNCIA FARMACÊUTICA EM MUNICÍPIOS PARANAENSES, BRASIL
Authors: Klein Traudi , Skupien Suellen Vienscoski
Published: April 2017

A Assistência Farmacêutica (AF) tem como objetivo principal o medicamento, seu uso racional e a gestão apropriada nos sistemas de saúde, visando ao bem-estar dos usuários dos serviços. Portanto, é essencial que esteja operacionalizada e reconhecida pelos gestores em saúde. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar os Planos Municipais de Saúde (PM) paranaenses e como a AF está inserida nas secretarias de saúde. O estudo tem caráter exploratório, utilizando levantamento documental e bibliográfico. Foram identificados 26 PM. Foi constatado que os profissionais envolvidos na maioria dos municípios pesquisados têm conhecimento restrito quanto aos conceitos de AF,  limitando-se ao ciclo de aquisição, armazenamento e dispensação; poucos ampliam os serviços de modo a fortalecer a gestão e garantir o uso racional dos medicamentos pelos pacientes. Foi possível concluir que os gestores devem ser orientados e  cobrados a desenvolver os serviços de AF, integrando os serviços de maneira multidisciplinar e oferecendo qualidade na prestação dos serviços em saúde.
INTERFERÊNCIA DAS ESTATINAS EM EXAMES LABORATORIAIS
Authors: Marini Danyelle Cristine , Ferreira Francielen Rita , Zuim Nadia Regina Borim
Published: April 2017

Medicamentos assume importante papel na rotina laboratorial das Análises Clinicas, pela probabilidade de interferir nos ensaios e modificar o diagnóstico clínico-laboratorial. Cabe ao profissional analista clínico responsável detectar essas interferências a fim de evitar diagnósticos equivocados e intervenções clínicas errôneas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as possíveis interferências do fármaco sinvastatina nos exames laboratoriais bioquímicos. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo retrospectivo, no período de abril a julho de 2015. Foram avaliados os exames laboratoriais realizadospelos pacientes portadores de dislipidemia e usuários de medicamento específico, que utilizaram os serviços prestados pelo Laboratório Municipal de Análises Clínicas de Santo Antônio de Posse (SP). Aos participantes voluntários foi aplicado um questionário para avaliar o estilo de vida e o tempo de uso do medicamento. Foram analisadas as enzimas Fosfatase Alcalina, Creatinofosfoquinase (CPK), Aspartato Aminotransferase (AST) e Alanina lminotransferase (ALT). O estudo mostrou que dos 43 pacientes avaliados, 69,8% apresentaram alterações em pelo menos um dos exames avaliados. Foi observada alteração da enzima ALT em 53% dos pacientes avaliados e nenhuma modificação no valor da CPK em 51% dos sujeitos. As interferências nos resultados de exames causadas por fármacos é um problema real, devido à grande utilização por toda a população, e comprova a necessidade de mais estudos relacionados às possíveis interferências nos exames clínicos.
Arthur Schopenhauer, Evolution, and Ecology in Thomas Hardy’s The Woodlanders
Authors: Heaney John
Published: April 2017

John Heaney, “Arthur Schopenhauer, Evolution, and Ecology in Thomas Hardy’s The Woodlanders” (pp. 516–545)

This essay takes issue with two truisms within Thomas Hardy criticism: first, the widely accepted view that The Woodlanders (1887) is Hardy’s most “Darwinian” work; and second, the standard assumption that Arthur Schopenhauer’s influence on Hardy’s writing can be discerned specifically in the works from Tess of the D’Urbervilles (1891) onward, and primarily in the unrelenting pessimism that characterizes both writers’ worldviews. The essay calls into question the simplification underlying both positions by suggesting ways in which Schopenhauer’s metaphysics may have influenced Hardy’s treatment of evolutionary themes in The Woodlanders, paying particular attention to Hardy’s choice of plant life as the dominant metaphor within the novel, and the numerous ways in which the evolutionary model it depicts diverges from that formulated by thinkers such as Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer. It argues furthermore that Schopenhauer’s philosophy of nature therefore offers the optimum framework through which to interpret Hardy’s unique ecological vision in the novel, and calls for renewed attention to the philosopher’s proto-phenomenological description of reality, the significance of which has been largely overlooked by recent ecocritical scholars searching for a non-Cartesian framework in which to couch their readings.
La herencia escotista en la filosofía política moderna
Authors: Miralbell Ignacio
Published: April 2017

Se busca mostrar la fuerte herencia voluntarista tardo-medieval de origen escotista en la filosofía política moderna, sobre todo en Bodino, Maquiavelo y Hobbes, pero también en Locke, Rousseau y Kant. Se examina la concepción escotista del poder y su fundamentación filosófico-teológica, así como algunos tópicos de su “nueva” metafísica y antropología para desglosar sus consecuencias directas o indirectas en la filosofía política moderna.
Tres enfoques del pluralismo para la política del siglo XXI
Authors: Pérez Moira
Published: April 2017

Desde diversos ámbitos se ha señalado la necesidad de abordar las nociones y difi-cultades del pluralismo que caracteriza a la sociedad actual. Se busca aportar una lectura crítica de tres abordajes considerablemente diferentes del tema: En torno a lo político (2005) de Chantal Mouffe, Political Liberalism (1996) de John Rawls y Pluralism (2005) de William E. Connolly. Se sopesan sus fortalezas y debilidades, así como las posibilidades que brindan para comprender el pluralismo y llevar los aportes teóricos a la esfera práctica.
¿Es la vida familiar relevante para la justicia social?
Authors: Fascioli Alvarez Ana Carolina
Published: April 2017

Desde la crítica feminista a John Rawls y la teoría del reconocimiento de Axel Honneth, se propone ampliar la noción liberal de justicia social para que las relaciones de amor y cuidado recuperen su papel vital. Se examina en qué medida y sentido la vida familiar constituye una esfera de justicia para mostrar cómo, además de la regulación externa, es necesaria una mirada valorativa de sus relaciones internas, sin olvidar que en la familia intervienen virtudes que exceden a la justicia.
¿Soluciona el descriptivismo causal el problema de la referencia de los términos teóricos?
Authors: Borge Bruno
Published: April 2017

Las teorías de la referencia puramente descriptivistas o causales fracasan a la hora de dar cuenta del modo en que se fija y puede rastrearse la referencia de los términos teóricos. Psillos propuso dos versiones del descriptivismo causal que recogen argu-mentos presentes en defensas previas de dicha posición. Se trata de una teoría mixta que pretende solucionar el problema y acomodarse a intuiciones presentes en enfo-ques alternativos, como el que apela a oraciones de Ramsey. El artículo se propone mostrar la insuficiencia del descriptivismo causal como solución al problema de la referencia de los términos teóricos.
“Exportando” el conocimiento de los modelos económicos
Authors: Ivarola Leonardo
Published: April 2017

Se critican dos tesis de Nancy Cartwright. Por un lado, se examina el enfoque de las “capacidades” en el campo de lo económico para argumentar que estas responden a la lógica de los “árboles de posibilidades” o resultados de final abierto; por el otro, se ofrece una alternativa al problema de “sobre-restricción” de los modelos económicos para mostrar cómo el gran número de supuestos auxiliares acota las posibilidades de extrapolar las conclusiones obtenidas en el modelo a condiciones distintas de las explicitadas en él. Se muestra la utilidad del análisis de robustez para descubrir las condiciones esenciales que cierran el árbol de posibilidades.
Sobre valores e normas Hilary Putnam e a busca de um meio-termo entre a vinculação moral e o relativismo
Authors: Bueno Ferreira Carlos Roberto
Published: April 2017

Analisa-se a possibilidade de conciliar o ceticismo diante das teorias morais e a ideia de que a filosofia moral é o tribunal supremo de toda justificativa moral. As máximas universalmente válidas não podem ser tomadas como mandamentos descritivos nem cair num relativismo individualista. H. Putmann procura desconstruir a separação habermasiana entre valores e normas, e mostra a necessidade dessa conciliação.
Noologia y técnica en Zubiri
Authors: Espinoza Lolas Ricardo , Soto García Pamela , Durán Allimant Ronald
Published: April 2017

Se muestra cómo la “inteligencia sentiente”, en sus elementos “noológicos”, adquiere cierto carácter “técnico” primario y constitutivo que se despliega en el logos y en la razón de manera individual, social e histórica. En la aprehensión primordial de la realidad se juega la viabilidad misma del hombre en su estar siendo en el mundo como animal humano, donde lo “técnico” juega un papel relevante. En los elementos noológicos primarios de la aprehensión primordial se hallan los cimientos de los que surge la “técnica”, que no es entonces elemento accesorio, sino parte constitutiva del hacerse cargo de la realidad.
El sentimiento de muerte como límite existencial en la obra de E.M. Cioran
Authors: Aldana-Piñeros Alexander , Garzón-Pascagaza Edgar-Javier
Published: April 2017

Se aborda el pensamiento de E.M. Cioran desde la perspectiva de un sinsabor vital denominado sentimiento de muerte. El término, aunque aparece solo en su primer escrito, es transversal a toda su obra, puesto que para el autor los seres humanos nos intuimos como posesos de la muerte en cada momento de nuestra existencia. Esto cambia el tono normal de la vida, al poner frente a la persona una realidad carente de sentido y dominada por circunstancias radicales y limitantes como el dolor y la agonía, que culmina en una atmósfera gobernada por la intuición trágica de la vida.
La plausible impronta (política) de Diderot en Kant
Authors: R. Aramayo Roberto
Published: April 2017

Así como Hume despertó a Kant del sueño dogmático y Rousseau le descubrió el mundo moral, Diderot le habría hecho acceder al universo de la política. El último Kant podría estar muy influido, sin saberlo, por el Diderot que convirtió la Historia de las dos Indias en la "Biblia de las revoluciones", así como por el de la Enciclopedia. Se defiende la tesis de que todo el proyecto ilustrado tendría una índole radical, y conviene matizar la distinción entre Ilustración moderada e Ilustración radical, toda vez que los puntos en común parecen superar a las discrepancias. Spinoza y Heine podrían resultar útiles para enfatizar este parecer.
A mio-inozitol jótékony hatása inzulint igénylő 2-es típusú cukorbetegséghez társuló polycystás ovarium szindrómás várandós terápiájában
Authors: Kun Attila , Tornóczky János
Published: April 2017

Abstract:

Authors would like to demonstrate the beneficial effect of myo-inositol supplementation in a pregnant woman with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus and polycystic ovary syndrome. Insulin and metformin treatment could not achieve normalization of glucose homeostasis for 3 years, and hypoglycemic episodes were frequent. Myo-inositol and folic acid supplementation added to the basic treatment resulted in improved glucose levels in 2 months. At this time she became pregnant. During pregnancy serum glucose levels still improved in the next 2 months. The amniotic membrane ruptured at the 19th gestational week, and pregnancy had to be finished. Developmental disturbances were excluded by the pathologist. She became pregnant again and gave birth to a premature male neonate at the 29th gestational week. The aim of the report was to demonstrate that myo-inositol supplementation may improve the efficacy of the therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(14), 541–545.
STUDI BIOLOGI IKAN BELIDA (NOTOP[TERUS CHITALA) DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI BATANGHARI, PROPINSI JAMBI
Authors: Adjie Susilo , Husnah Husnah , Gaffar Abdul Karirn
Published: April 2017

Penelitian biologi ikan belida cii daei'nh alii'an Sungai Batrrnghari, Propinsi Jambi relal-r dilakr.rkan pada bulan Xler sampai dengan bulan November 1996 bertujuan r,rntuk menclapathal infbi'masi tet'Ltaug sifat pelttrnbr-rhan. r'eprodr-rksi, habirat dan kebiasaan makan.
PERIKANAN RAWAI TUNA UNTUK MENANGKAP TUNA SIRIP BIRU SELATAN ( 7n unnus maccoJ/ii) SERTA BSTIMASI TOTAL PENDARATAN DAN EKSPORNYA DARI BALI, 1993-1996
Authors: Bahar Sofri , Naarnin Nurzali
Published: April 2017

l)ata hourl;osisi jenis hlsil taugkiLpan liap;rl-l<aptrl lnwarr tuna tlilrantar-t piirl:r rlrtir 1t'r'rt1r;it1tr:ntlai'atarr ilian sejali tahun 1.993.
PENGARUH VITAMIN A DALAM PAI(AN TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN GONAD INDUK UDANG WINDU (Penaeus monodor2) ASAL TAMBAK
Authors: Giri Nyoman Adiasmara , Marzuqi Muhamad , Suwirya Ketut , Tsumura Seiichi
Published: April 2017

Percobaan Ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan kebutuhan Vitamin A Dalam Pakan untuk Pematangan Gonad udang Winda Asal Tambak.
DISTRIBUSI RESIDU ENDOSULFAN DI PERAIRAN PANTAI BARAT SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Rachmansyah Rachmansyah , Usman Usman , Yulianingsih Reni , Radiarta I Nyoman
Published: April 2017

peneraan residu endosulfan di perairan Pantai Barat Sulawesi Selatan dan Tenggara telah dilakukan dari bulan Juli sampai dengan September 1995
PENGGUNAAN COPEPOD Acartia sp. SEBAGAI MAKANAN PADA PEMELIHARAAN LARVA KERAPU BEBEK (Cromilepfes altivelis)
Authors: Lsmi Suko , Wardoyo Wardoyo , Setiawati Ketut M. , Hutapea Jhon H , Aslianti Titiek
Published: April 2017

Salah satu kendala yang menyebabkan tingginya kematian larva pada pemeliharaan kerapu adalah besarnya ukuran pakan larva awal yang tidak sesuai dengan bukaan mulut larva, jenis, dan jumlah pakan yang diberikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan nattplius Acaftia sp. sebagai pakan awal pemeliharaan larva kerapu bebek.