bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Egy félévszázados diskurzus a hadtörténelem helyéről és szerepéről
Authors: Hausner Gábor
Published: October 2024

2005-ben a Hadtörténeti Intézet vitaülést szervezett a magyar hadtörténetírás helyzetéről. A vita a hadtörténetírás, mint részdiszciplina helye, szerepe, megújításának feladatai, a hadtörténetírói beszédmód új lehetőségei körül folyt. Az akkor és azóta megjelent írások olvastán nyugodtan állítható, hogy a felmerült kérdésekben nem sikerült konszenzusra jutni, annál is kevésbé, mert azok összekapcsolódtak a hazai hadtudomány autonómiájáról, struktúrája, szakterületei körülhatárolásáról folyó diskurzusokkal. Így azok a Magyarországon már a 19. század közepén feltett alapvető kérdések: mi a hadtörténelmi kutatás tulajdonképpeni célja és feladata, hol a hadtörténetírás helye a tudományok rendszerében – ma sincsenek megnyugtatóan megválaszolva. Ezért is tanulságos és aktuális a 20. század legnagyobb hatású magyar hadtörténészének, Perjés Gézának (1917–2003) az 1956 nyarán megfogalmazott, kéziratban maradt részletes véleménye, amely hagyatékából került elő, s amelyet a tanulmány teljes terjedelmében közread. Perjés szerint a hadtörténelem a történettudomány segédtudománya, és feladata nem az, hogy a mai katonai gyakorlatot segítse elő, mivel a hadtörténelmi múlt és ama katonai praxisa között az összefüggés egyáltalán nem közvetlen, nem szoros.
A mesterséges intelligencia és a hadseregek
Authors: Négyesi Imre
Published: October 2024

A cikk megírásának aktualitását a Honvédelmiés Haderő-fejlesztési Konferencia és a meghirdetett Digital Soldier 2.0 program és egy 2019 elején elérhetővé vált amerikai dokumentum jelenti. Ez utóbbi dokumentumot az USA Védelmi Minisztériuma adta ki a „Mesterséges Intelligencia Stratégia 2018” címmel, amely hosszú távú program ismét a figyelem központjába irányította a hadseregek mesterséges intelligencia kutatásait.
A közigazgatás információbiztonsága: megjósolhatók az incidensek?
Authors: Beláz Annamária
Published: October 2024

Az állami feladatok hatékony, eredményes és gazdaságos ellátását a modern, digitális közigazgatási szolgáltatások segítik. A közigazgatási rendszerekben tárolt, feldolgozott és továbbított adatok védelmének, biztonságának mindenkor prioritást kell élveznie. Jelen tanulmány bemutatja, hogyan használhatóak fel a valószínűségszámítás és a statisztikai elemzés módszerei a biztonsági incidensek előrejelzésében és elhárításában.
A háborús igazságosság elméletének egy példája a magyar hadtörténelemben
Authors: Boda Mihály
Published: October 2024

A háborús igazságosság ideológiája egyidős az emberi civilizáció történetével, manapság pedig fontos és elterjedt kutatási terület. A közelmúltban széleskörű kísérletek történtek az európai ókor, középkor és (korai) újkor során kialakult háborús ideológia, az igazságos háború elmélete szempontrendszerének alkalmazására, például az indiai eposzok háborús igazolástechnikájának leírásában, az ókori kínai birodalomépítés ideológiai környezetének vizsgálatában, vagy az iszlám és a Sri Lanka-i buddhizmus háborús ideológiájának az elemzésében. A magyar hadtörténelem hasonló szemléletű elemzése ugyan nem példa nélküli, azonban az átfogó elemzését eddig még nem végezték el. Alább egy ilyen elemzés során figyelmen kívül hagyhatatlan háborús ideológiát, a szentkorona-eszmére alapozott háborús ideológiát vizsgálok meg.
Önkéntesség és kötelesség a katasztrófavédelmi beavatkozások során
Authors: Muhoray Árpád , Hábermayer Tamás , Czinczár Krisztián
Published: October 2024

A hivatásos Katasztrófavédelmi szervek munkáját önkéntes és köteles polgári védelmi szervezetek tagjai fogják segíteni háború vagy katasztrófa esetén. A hatékonyság érdekében a létszámukat növelni elemi érdek. A szerzők a régmúlttól napjainkig vizsgálják az önkéntesség és kötelesség helyzetét, továbbá a szervezetek tagjainak katasztrófavédelmi vagy honvédelmi műveletekben való részvételi hajlandóságát.
Az oltóvízzel történő szennyezés megelőzésével kapcsolatos nemzetközi szabályozás vizsgálata (II. rész)
Authors: Kátai-Urbán Maxim , Cimer Zsolt , Lévai Zoltán
Published: October 2024

A veszélyes üzemekben esetlegesen bekövetkező, veszélyes anyaggal kapcsolatos súlyos balesetek a tűzoltásnál keletkezett szennyezett oltóvíz által a felszíni- és felszín alatti vizekbe, vagy a talajba kerülve jelentős környezeti károkat okozhatnak. Jelen cikksorozatban a szerzők célja: elemezni és értékelni az oltóvíz fel fogó- és tároló létesítmények tervezésével és létesítésével kapcsolatos nemzetközi előírásokat. A tanulmány első részében, szakirodalmi áttekintést követően bemutatásra kerültek az oltóvíz-szennyezés megelőzési nemzetközi szabályrendszer kialakulásának előzményei. A második részben a szerzők elvégzik az oltóvíz kezelés és felfogás műszaki és tervezési intézkedéseihez tartozó ajánlások, valamint az oltóvíz mennyiségének számítására használt nemzetközileg elfogadott eljárások vizsgálatát.
A birodalmi rendfenntartástól a műveletek átfogó megközelítéséig
Authors: Jobbágy Zoltán
Published: October 2024

A NATO a XXI. század elején megfogalmazta a biztonsággal kapcsolatos átfogó megközelítést. Ezzel lényegében alkalmazkodott azokhoz a folyamatosan változó biztonsági kihívásokhoz, amelyeknek egyre kevésbé tudott egyedül megfelelni. Az átfogó megközelítés tükrözi azt a felismerést, hogy kizárólag a katonai erő alkalmazásával nem lehet a biztonságot fenyegető összetett kihívásokat megfelelően kezelni, ezért szükség van a politikai, a katonai és a polgári válságkezelési eszközök összehangolására. Könnyen az lehet a következtetés, hogy az átfogó megközelítés a XXI. század biztonságpolitikai kihívásainak eredményeként jött létre. Ez azonban nem igaz, mivel az átfogó megközelítés kialakulása részben visszavezethető a Brit Birodalom nagy gyarmatosítási hullámát követő, XX. század első harmadában lezajlott konszolidációra.
A magyarországi vasúthálózat támadásokkal szembeni ellenállósága
Authors: Horváth Attila , Tóth Bence
Published: October 2024

A magyarországi vasút-hálózat állomásközeinek forgalomból való véletlenszerű kizárása csak kismértékben zavarja meg a hálózat működését. Egy megfelelően célzott támadás azonban már néhány állomásköz rombolása esetén is jelentősen csökkenti a hálózat teljesítőképességét. Cikkünkben azonosítjuk ezen kiemelten védendő hálózati elemet.
Educação bilíngue de surdos: Instrumento de Avaliação da Expressão em Língua Brasileira de Sinais
Authors: Paiutto Isabela , Broglia Feitosa de Lacerda Cristina
Published: October 2024

O desenvolvimento dos sujeitos surdos está diretamente ligado ao seu domínio da Língua Brasileira de Sinais, e em muitos casos é apenas na escola que a aquisição dessa língua se inicia. É essencial ao trabalho docente um conhecimento linguístico que possibilite a avaliação efetiva da expressão em Libras dos estudantes para planejamento dos caminhos educacionais a serem seguidos. Dessa forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa é entender as percepções de uma Professora Bilíngue da educação básica sobre um Instrumento de Avaliação da Expressão em Língua de Sinais: Libras, o NarVaL-Libras/Prod, por meio de sua avaliação sobre narrativas em Libras. Se caracteriza enquanto um estudo de caso de caráter exploratório, em que os dados foram analisados de forma qualitativa. O instrumento utilizado foi criado por pesquisadores da Universidade de Barcelona e da Universidade Federal de São Carlos e contribui com uma avaliação eficaz das narrativas em Libras, provocando uma compreensão mais ampla sobre o uso da língua na escola, no ensino dos educadores e no desenvolvimento dos estudantes. Os resultados apontam reflexões sobre o uso do instrumento no trabalho docente e seu potencial caráter formativo nos aspectos linguísticos da Libras.
Memórias e Ancestralidade no Diário de Bitita Memories and Ancestry in Bitita's Diary
Authors: Sousa Josilene , Macedo Mendes Algemira de Macedo Mendes
Published: October 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a obra de Carolina Maria de Jesus (1986) através de uma análise critico-social e bibliográfica no livro Diário de Bitita, que é uma continuação do conhecido livro Quarto de Despejo, ambos os livros são autobiográficos, pois contam desde a infância da autora até sua vida adulta. O trabalho busca uma discussão a respeito da perspectiva da memória e da ancestralidade na obra, posto que a narrativa, inicialmente, trata-se de uma autobiografia de Carolina Maria de Jesus, em que apresenta relatos de sua vida e denúncias da desigualdade social e econômica. Para tanto, utilizaremos, para pensamos sobre a memória, os estudos de Evaristo (2008); Halbwachs (1990); Izquierdo (2018); Pollak (1992) e Ribeiro (2010). Trazemos ao debate sobre a questão da ancestralidade as discussões de teóricos como Matheus Gato (2020); Leda Martins (2021) e Oliveira (2007) e sobre a biografia da autora Farias (2017), entre outros teóricos. Portanto, as temáticas, memória e ancestralidade, acerca da comunidade afro-brasileira, são alguns dos elementos discursivos que caracterizam a riqueza da obra, permitindo ao leitor estabelecer um olhar crítico sobre a narrativa autobiográfica de Carolina Maria de Jesus.
 
Palavras-Chave: Carolina Maria de Jesus; Memória; Ancestralidade.
Decolonialidade nos Estudos Literários latino-americanos: amefricanidades em Pregón de Marimorena, de Virginia Brindis de Salas e Roteiro dos tantãs, de Oliveira Silveira
Authors: Ramos Liliam
Published: October 2024

Com o crescente interesse das universidades pelas pesquisas de obras poéticas, ficcionais e ensaísticas examinadas pelo viés decolonial, a presente reflexão apresenta a categoria da amefricanidade como metodologia de análise das produções de autoria negra na América Latina. O estudo se divide em três partes: na primeira, autores decoloniais como Segato, Segales e Restrepo apontam para a necessidade de decolonizar o espaço universitário objetivando a abordagem de perspectivas teóricas baseadas em epistemologias invisibilizadas; na segunda, será apresentado o conceito de amefricanidade da intelectual brasileira Lélia Gonzalez como possibilidade de aplicação no campo dos Estudos Literários; por fim, os livros de poemas Pregón de Marimorena (1947), da uruguaia Virginia Brindis de Salas e Roteiro dos tantãs (1981), do sul-rio-grandense Oliveira Silveira serão examinados sob a ótica da amefricanidade. Conclui-se que, a partir das experiências e dos princípios comuns das populações de origem africana, a amefricanidade desponta como um conceito de aplicabilidade nas obras ao evidenciar características comuns nos diálogos identitários entre as autorias negras no espaço latino-americano.
Como o conhecimento psicolinguístico e neurocientífico pode ajudar na aquisição da literacia: O exemplo do curso de Alfabetização de Adultos e Adolescentes da plataforma on-line “LER”
Authors: Kolinsky Regine
Published: October 2024

Neste artigo, ilustrarei um curso de literacia estruturado de acordo com dois objetivos intercalares: (i) a compreensão e o domínio do princípio alfabético e (ii) a utilização do código ortográfico na decodificação (para a leitura) e na codificação (para a escrita) de palavras. Mais especificamente, ilustrarei os princípios subjacentes a esse curso, e como foram baseados em dados científicos que nos ajudaram a desenvolver uma versão de método fónico que chamamos de “otimizada”. Também aprensentarei  um resumo em 12 pontos dos conceitos básicos e dos passos da progressão da literacia, baseados nesses objetivos e princípios.
Notes on Günther’s Oriental Slender Snake (Trachischium guentheri) from the Himalayan Realm of North Sikkim, India
Authors: Sarkar Vivek , Thakur Rupali , Nath Anukul , Das Abhijit
Published: October 2024

The Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) is known for its biodiversity, yet it faces substantial threats fromanthropogenic activities and climate change. Despite the ecological importance of the IHR, herpetofaunal studies,especially in the eastern Himalayan State of Sikkim, remain limited. We herein address aspects of natural history ofa fossorial snake, Günther’s Oriental Slender Snake (Trachischium guentheri) in North Sikkim. We encountered 25snakes during field surveys from 30 September to 12 October 2023 in the Lachen region at elevations of 2,549–2,918m asl. Responses of snakes to unusually high rainfall led to increased road mortality during the peak tourist season. Inresponse, we propose two specialized structures, featuring elevated barriers and elaborate hollow, trapezoidal concreteslabs, to mitigate roadkills. We also emphasize the importance of monitoring to identify areas with high traffic wheremeasures to mitigate road mortality should be employed.
Does Philosophical Anthropology Need a “Sociogenetic Turn”?
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Russian Federation, Cheshev Vladislav
Published: October 2024

Philosophical anthropology, which arose each time in a specific historical reality, sought to create a universal image of man, calling this process the revelation of his essence. This problem was solved by Russian philosophy, which developed the Orthodox Christian tradition within certain historical boundaries. Modern philosophy, solving this problem, cannot ignore the basic philosophical and anthropological ideas of different civilizations, primarily Eastern, Western and Russian philosophy. The space for their comparison and synthesis can be the semantic conceptual field of sociogenesis, which opens up a universal approach to the formation of a human being as a global cultural and biological species. The sociogenetic approach reveals the opportunity to compare two main essential models of man, which are represented by the version of the self-sufficient individual, which developed in the European Enlightenment, and the version of the conciliar (communal) man, the discussion of which began in Russian philosophy of the 19th century. In the context of sociogenesis, the basis for distinguishing anthropological versions is the opposition of individualistic and communal (conciliar) principles of behavior. A specifi c synthesis of these principles in one or another cultural-historical model appears as a solution to the contradiction between the individual and species model of behavior within the cultural-biological species “human being”. In the natural world, the coordination of individual and species behavior is resolved through the genetic inheritance of species behavior, eliminating the conflict between species and individual. The sociogenetic evolution of a human being has posed the task of searching for species-specifi c universal principles of behavior, which has complicated the solution of the problem of harmonizing species and individual behavior. The complexity of the situation is that human behavior is directed by cultural programs in the context of a sociogenetic search for a species program capable of ensuring the global consolidation of the human species. In this context, philosophical anthropology requires a sociogenetic support, and the appeal to it can be called the “sociogenetic turn” in philosophical anthropology.
The Category “Synthetic” in Modern Natural Science
Authors:   Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Russian Federation, Nikolaeva Evgeniya , Lagutin Mark ,   Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to rethinking the content of the category ‘synthetic’ in the conditions of modern natural science (fi rst of all, synthetic biology) and its epistemological value. In this paper the category ‘synthetic’ is explored as a product of the epistemological method. The authors carried out an exposition of ‘the synthetic’ category based on the most modern materials of scientifi c and philosophical research. The article attempts to determine the content of the category ‘synthetic’, its place and scope in modern science, by taking into account options for defi ning ‘synthetic’, its advantages and disadvantages. The works of J. Schummer, in which he develops an ontology of biochemical interactions and the epistemic possibilities arising in this connection, were taken as a basis for the classifi cation and epistemological evaluation of specifi c manifestations of ‘the synthetic’ in the scientifi c fi eld. The concept of F. Bianchini defi nes any ‘synthetic’ as ‘artifi cial’. The article shows that the category ‘synthetic’ is considered as a theoretical construct that allows for the comprehension of phenomena which epistemological status cannot be unambiguously defi ned as ‘natural’. In the process of convergence of technosciences, there is a tendency towards the emergence of the ‘synthetic’ phenomenon as the main resource through which scientifi c knowledge is obtained. Due to the achievements of synthetic biology in modern science, the problem of the relationship between ‘natural’ and ‘artifi cial’ is reshaped. This happens due to the qualitative and quantitative expansion of the phenomenon of ‘artifi cial’ / ‘synthetic’ and rethinking the differences between them. Recent advances in the synthesis of organisms and their structural parts, such as the extended genome, allows for ontologists and epistemologists signifi cantly expand the possibilities of categorizing ‘the synthetic’ and build an ontology of ‘the synthetic’.
Review of Russian Śaṁkara Studies of the Beginning of the XXI Century
Authors:   Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kanaeva Nataliya , Lanshakov Maxim ,   Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

The analytical review examines the most signifi cant publications of Russian researchers devoted to Śaṁkara (VII–VIII centuries), issued since 2000. The review is divided into parts devoted to individual authors, and their works are evaluated according to their contribution to Russian Śaṁkara studies, the criterion of which is the author’s translations of Śaṁkara’s texts from Sanskrit into Russian, and their conceptual interpretations. The “calling card” of V.K. Shokhin’s works is the inclusion of Śaṁkara’s discourse within the discussion of topical issues of philosophical Indology, theoretical philosophy and religious studies. The review examines the monograph “Stratifi cation of Reality in the Ontology of Advaita-Vedānta” and a number of articles; it explicates the methods by which Śaṁkara “fi ts” into the history of world philosophy. In S.L. Burmistrov’s publications, Śaṁkaraa’s texts are also used not only to solve special historical and philosophical problems, but also to solve topical problems of philosophy. The article “The Concept of Consciousness in the Philosophy of Śaṁkara” makes a completely reasonable conclusion on the decisive role of Śaṁkara in the formation of the Vedāntist concept of consciousness. In the article “Religious Consciousness in Classical Advaita-Vedānta”, Śaṁkara’s interpretations of Ātman are placed in the context of modern discussions on the forms of religious consciousness. N.V. Isaeva’s publication “The Teachings of Śaṁkara – Brahman as a Look and a Tail ...” contains interesting material that contributes to Śaṁkara’s understanding of Brahman as “full of bliss” (ānandamaya), and an assessment of the importance of the philosopher’s ideas in the development of Vedānta concepts. In V.G. Lysenko’s article “Sleep and Dreaming as States of Consciousness...”, structured as a “slow reading of the text”, two versions of Śaṁkara’s topology of consciousness are considered. The researcher reveals ambiguity of Vedāntist terminology, leading to different models of consciousness. Y.V. Predtechenskaya in her article “Defi nitions of Brahman in the Upaniṣads: Apophatic and Cataphatic Approaches ...” quite productively draws Śaṁkara’s comment to the solution of the religious problem of contrasting apophatic and cataphatic approaches to the defi nition of the Absolute. The book by R.V. Pshu “Vedārthasaṁgraha by Rāmānuja and the Formation of Viśiṣṭā-dvaita-vedānta” brings some new information of the infl uence of Śaṁkara’s ideas on t he Vedānta movement. The author notes that the Vedāntists lived after Śaṁkara did not consider his ideas as fundamental to them, and they did not develop them, but Śaṁkara’s teachings provoked their criticism, and they formulated their conceptions as antitheses to Śaṁkara’s ideas. There in the book, the reader can also fi nd useful information on the history of world Śaṁkara Studies.
Bernard Mandeville’s “The Fable of the Bees” or a Hymn to Economic Freedom
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Russian Federation, Shmat Vladimir
Published: October 2024

Institutions (norms and rules) play an important role in the development of any socio-economic system, and largely determine its direction and speed. Economic freedom is one of the most important ‘products’ generated by the institutional environment. Strictly speaking, there is no unambiguous understanding of this phenomenon, but there is an almost universally accepted opinion that without freedom it’s difficult to achieve success in economic development and thereby ensure the growth of public welfare. The degree of freedom determines the extent and forms in which the interests of economic agents, related to the desire to obtain private benefits, which ultimately benefits the whole society, can manifest themselves. Bernard Mandeville, who can be considered the “petrel of economic freedom” almost the first among scientists and philosophers of Modern times, addressed this issue long before the founders of classical political economy and presented his judgments in allegorical form in “The Fable of the Bees”. Mandeville’s understanding of economic freedom as an opportunity for the manifestation of socially useful ‘private vices’ differs markedly from the interpretations of economic freedom that currently prevail and on the basis of which the relevant international indices are built. Nevertheless, Mandeville’s views, which were frank and devoid of any hypocrisy, served as the ideological foundation of modern views on economic freedom as an extremely useful, but very contradictory phenomenon in people’s lives.
Sanctions – a Strange Phenomenon
Authors:   Institute of Economics and Organization of Industrial Production SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Teslya Pavel
Published: October 2024

The history of international economic sanctions is simultaneously old and relatively young. The first sanctions recorded in written history were applied in ancient times, but the newly introduced punitive economic measures received legal status only after the First World War. At first, sanctions were not given much political significance and there were not many of them. The situation changed radically after the Second World War and especially after the collapse of the USSR. The rapid increase in sanction activity over the past two decades is a manifestation of the desire of the United States and its satellites to protect their position as a world hegemon. The punitive economic apparatus, the most powerful in the United States, is set up for sanction activity and generates restrictions and prohibitions as the main products of its activity. To paraphrase the philosopher Rene Descartes, the western sanctions government officer use to say: “I authorize, therefore I exist”. International economic sanctions are losing their original function as a means of preventing military conflicts and are turning into an economic weapon. But, paradoxically, attempts to interpret them as an instrument of economic policy are not valid, if only due to the fact that working with the categories of “efficiency”, widely used in economic science, is impossible in the case of sanctions. Instead of “efficiency”, the term “effectiveness” should be used, but measuring the latter, unlike “efficiency”, is impossible; therefore, the phenomenon of sanctions, as such, largely goes beyond the scope of economic science. The nature of modern sanctions is perverse. Their use not only entails economic degradation and destruction of the institutional structure of society in the target countries, but also causes damage to the sending countries. Most modern sanctions are illegitimate and have no moral justification. Sanctions and their systematic application are nothing more than a geopolitical weapon used to undermine the sovereignty of independent states. This article shows the historical evolution of the sanctions mechanism, its degeneration and transformation into a stable institutional entity.
The World of Objective Knowledge and Socio-Economic Reality (K. Popper & K. Marx)
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Dyatel Evgeny
Published: October 2024

The growing specialization and formalization of economic knowledge threatens to break away from the general scientific base that forms the worldview of the researcher. An urgent task is presented in the reintegration of basic methodological principles and categories of science into modern social science and economic theory. The article conducts a comparative analysis of the works of K. Marx and K. Popper, who made revolutionary changes in the methodology and ideological attitudes (conceptual frameworks) of scientific knowledge. Marx’s contribution focuses on dialectical and historical materialism, the doctrine of the economic basis of society and the change of socio-economic formations; Popper’s contribution focuses on his trial and error method with falsifying interpretation of results and the concept of successive three worlds of the universe. Popper’s criticisms of Marxist doctrine (essentialism, elements of mythology, teleologism) and the counterarguments of consistent Marxists are evaluated. The paper characterizes Popper’s positions on the realism of scientific knowledge, the world of predispositions, flexible management in animate and inanimate nature, the world of mental states of consciousness and the world of the objective content of thinking. Their commonality with the provisions of dialectical and historical materialism (the material nature of objective reality, the theory of reflection, the role of objective mental forms and ideological social relations) in the formation of the ‘world of objective knowledge’ is shown. The insufficiency of Popper’s epistemology for the study of the economic basis of social life is revealed. Based on a structural and logical analysis of the methodological principles and theoretical positions of Marx and Popper, the paper outlines the paths to the development of a system of concepts that brings together the complementary results of their apparently opposing research programs. Also presented are sources showing the relevance of the ideas of Marx and Popper in modern methodological and socio-economic literature. It is concluded that the world of objective knowledge (the key category of Popper’s social science) is part of the socio-economic life of society (in its Marxist interpretation), which, in turn, is incomplete without taking into account the realities of this world and needs additional study from the appropriate angle.
Vasiliy Rozanov: the Religious Search as Tragedy
Authors:   Western Branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Kaliningrad, Akimov Oleg
Published: October 2024

Religion is the dominant aspect of Rozanov’s creativity. The main topics of Rozanov’s spiritual search include: God, the world and man are focused around this dominant. The peculiarity of this topics is the explication of intuition of a single whole. This intuition was realized by means of symbols that belong to the world of traditional religions. Rozanov’s creativity actualizes the opportunity of vision of religion as a phenomenon despite the prevalence of images of material things in his texts. This vision is based on a metaphysical foundation of suggestions, examined in the work “On Understanding”, where he understands religion as a temporal undetermined phenomenon. Contact with the world of religion allows us to explicate the human spirit as unity. Rozanov’s vision moves from a description of religion as unity to the description of single images of paganism, Judaism and the Christianity. Rozanov emphasizes this particular content, but his search is inspired by the doctrine of religion as having a certain potency. The realization of this certain potency is the historical development of religions, that conditions the occurrence of new religion in a cultural vacuum, and appears after the distraction of Christianity. The presentiment of metaphysical emptiness is the culmination of Rozanov’s search for God and at the same time the tragedy. Rozanov conceptualizes this intention as the absolutisation of particular things. The transparency of the religious search and the concentration on religion itself makes Rozanov’s position in some aspects close to the narrative of the classic phenomenology of religion. We study the creativity of Rozanov by means of historical-philosophical reconstruction, using elements of hermeneutic analysis.
Optimal choice of initial conditions of the Cauchy problem and its application to the calculation of the initial composition of the reaction mixture
Authors:   Ufa University of Science and Technology, Antipina Evgenia V. , Mustafina Svetlana A. ,   Ufa University of Science and Technology, Antipin Andrey F. ,   Sterlitamak branch of Ufa University of Science and Technology
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the development of a numerical algorithm for optimal selection of initial conditions of the Cauchy problem and its application to the problem of optimal selection of initial concentrations of substances in a chemical reaction. In general form, the problem of determining the optimal composition of the reaction mixture is formulated based on the kinetic model of the reaction. A step-by-step algorithm has been developed to solve the problem using the penalty method and the Hooke-Jeeves method. The advantage of the algorithm is that it takes into account the physical and chemical features of the problem. Based on the formulated algorithm, a software package has been developed for the catalytic reaction of the synthesis of N-(adamantyl)acetamide. With its help, the optimal concentrations of the reaction reagents were calculated, at which the highest concentration of the target product is achieved.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RESIDUAL VARIANCE ESTIMATORS CONSTRUCTED WITHOUT OR WITH THE PRESENCE OF ATYPICAL VALUES: CASE OF THE PARTIALLY LINEAR MODEL
Authors: AHOUTOU Belly N. M. , YODE Armel F. E. , KOUAKOU Kouamé F.
Published: October 2024

Error variance is a measure of the goodness of fit for a regression model. Ahoutou et al. [1] proposed estimators of the error variance under the assumption that the dimension of the nonlinear covariate is one. In this paper, assuming that the dimension of the nonlinear covariate is greater than or equal to 2, we propose estimators of error variance in homogeneous and heterogeneous cases. We propose estimators of the error variance that are constructed without taking atypical values into account and others that are constructed by taking all the data into account. Using simulations, we compare the performance of estimators designed without taking into account atypical values with estimators designed taking into account all the data.
A FRAMEWORK TO ANALYZE OS SYSTEMS ARTIFACTS FROM LINUX MACHINES
Authors: Mubarak Ghaida , Alasmari Sultan
Published: October 2024

Memory forensics plays a pivotal role in digital investigations, providing crucial insights into the activities and artifacts of an operating system. This paper explores the application of deep learning techniques in the domain of memory forensics within the Linux environment. Linux-based systems are widely used in various contexts, including servers, embedded devices, and desktops, making memory analysis in this ecosystem of paramount importance. Traditional memory forensics techniques have relied on manual analysis, which is often time-consuming and error prone. Deep learning, a subfield of machine learning, has demonstrated remarkable capabilities in pattern recognition and feature extraction tasks. In response, this paper presents a novel framework that automates and improves memory analysis through deep learning. Key components of this framework include data collection, preprocessing, feature extraction, and model selection. We introduce a unique dataset specifically curated for Linux memory forensics, facilitating the development and evaluation of deep learning models. Our experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of using a ResNet-50 model for detecting and classifying malware from memory dumps, achieving a detection rate of 98.75% and an accuracy rate of 89% in classifying malware types. Additionally, we acknowledged the challenges and limitations of applying deep learning in memory forensics, such as model interpretability and data privacy concerns. Future research directions are discussed, including real-time memory analysis integration and techniques for handling encrypted and compressed memory data.
Profit Tax as a Character of Regional Budget of Our Time
Authors:   Siberian State Medical University, Kichko Natalya I. , Lozhnikova Anna V. ,   Tomsk State University, Kudelina Olga V. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Elmurzaeva Raisa A. ,   Siberian State Medical University
Published: October 2024

The authors develop approaches to tax decentralization based on the theory of imperfect institutions by T. Eggertsson, in terms of the critically important profit tax for regional budgets of Russia. We see the goal of our research in finding a balance between the action of formal rules and informal, social norms, technologies, and models for distributing the profits of the largest Russian companies as a tax base between the federal center of Russia and the regions depending on the actual location of employees and assets. The article is devoted to the action of a successful and unique formal rule of the tax institution for the Russian Federation – the formation of consolidated groups of taxpayers (CGT). The novelty of the article lies in the study of the phenomenon of transformation of the domestic system of paying profit tax in 2023 as a replacement of one formal rule (action of CGTs) with another formal rule – the introduction of a new excess profit tax for Russia. An empirical study of the regional distribution of payments of legal entities-payers of profit tax according to the formal rules of the CGTs from among the largest Russian companies registered outside Moscow was conducted. Based on the results of the study, a general conclusion was made about the acute contradiction of the current economic policy in Russia in the content of the tax institution: between the new informal social norm on territorial decentralization of the largest Russian companies and the opposite formal rules of tax centralization in terms of profit tax. In this regard, the current policy of coincidence of territorial and tax decentralization in terms of state-owned companies in China deserves attention.
Disinformation and Polarization in the Algorithmic Society. Online Hate Speech Trilogy (vol. 1)
Authors: Carratalá Adolfo ,   Universidad de Valencia, Dunne Sarah Anne ,   University College Dublin, Siapera Eugenia ,   University College Dublin, Uribe-Henao Lina ,   Universidad Icesi, Soto-Narváez Maria Juliana ,   Universidad Icesi, Guerrero-Caicedo Mauricio ,   Universidad Icesi, Grabosky Sergio Gustavo ,   Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Freire Marcelo ,   Federal University of Ouro Preto, Lopez Debora Cristina ,   Federal University of Ouro Preto, Martín-Pena Daniel ,   Universidad de Extremadura, ul Haq Imran ,   Bahria University, Hussain Shabir ,   Bahria University, ud Din Jamal ,   Bahria University, Díez-Gutiérrez Enrique Javier ,   Universidad de León, Verdeja María ,   Universidad de Oviedo, Palomo-Cermeño, Eva ,   Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
Published: October 2024

This is the first book of the Online Hate Speech Trilogy. It focuses on the relationship between disinformation, political polarisation, and virtual attacks involving toxic language. These phenomena are much more complex than they may initially appear, and they are strongly interrelated with each other in the algorithmic society. The authors analyse the deep origins of hate speech and its manifestations online. They highlight attacks against the LGBTQ+ community in Europe, journalists in Asia, and black politicians in Latin America. Additionally, these researchers examine the crucial role of fact-checking agencies in confronting toxic language and combating hate speech.
Terminological features of the concept of signal-to-noise ratio when processing ultra-wideband signals
Authors: Korchagin Yu.E. , Titov K.D. , Vinogradov A.D.
Published: October 2024

Currently, when processing various signals and studying various types of receivers, there are many definitions for one of the basic characteristics of radio systems – signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). At the same time, the terminological feature of the SNR concept is that any definition within the framework of a locally solvable signal processing problem is correct. However, difficulties arise when comparing the effectiveness of one algorithm with another, when studying different signal models, or when measuring the SNR in different parts of the receiving system. Some researchers ignore this fact due to the apparent absolute clarity of this issue, which leads to incorrect comparison of various processing algorithms or the formation of obviously unrealizable requirements for the designed equipment. In each locally solved problem, the determination of SNR will be individual, and comparison of efficiency at a fixed SNR must be carried out with mandatory scaling of signal energies depending on the formulation of the problem. This paper systematizes the terminological features of the SNR concept in order to ensure uniformity of its application by researchers and engineers. The purpose of the work is to systematize the definition of SNR for various signal models and conditions for measuring this characteristic, to specify the results in terms of terminological features of UWB signal processing and to propose a model for recalculating the SNR depending on the stage of the signal transmission and reception process. The paper examines the determination of SNR at the input and output of optimal and matched filters, at the output of optimal receivers operating under conditions of various a priori uncertainties, as well as when processing various classes of signals. By determining the SNR at the output of the matched filter and the SNR at the output of the maximum likelihood receiver for a rectangular video pulse, the discrepancy between the signal energies, all other things being equal, is clearly demonstrated. A connection has been established between the SNR when processing ultra-wideband signals at the output of the optimal receiver with similar devices for processing other types of signals, as well as with the SNR at the input of the receiving system. Systematization of the terminological features of the SNR concept will allow theoretical researchers to choose SNR definitions that are as close as possible to practical applications when analyzing the effectiveness of synthesized algorithms, and will allow practicing engineers to correctly interpret the results of theoretical calculations when developing or testing radio engineering systems.
Synthesis and analysis of an ensemble of SAR signals
Authors: Borisenkov A.V. , Goryachkin O.V. , Lifanov A.S. , Ruznikov V.A.
Published: October 2024

Due to the development of digital technologies for receiving and transmitting radio location signals, the development of modern radars with a synthesized aperture has made it possible to widely use an ensemble of probing signals with periodic sequences of identical pulses. The manipulation of probing pulses in transmission opens up opportunities to reduce the level of interference of ambiguity in range, expand the capture bands, improve azimuth resolution, and reduce interference from the background surrounding the target. However, the literature currently does not sufficiently address the issues of synthesis and analysis of ensembles of probing signals for a synthetic aperture radar (RSA) placed on board an unmanned aerial vehicle. Several variants of the implementation of ensembles of probing signals in the RSA are considered, mathematical modeling and experimental testing are carried out on the basis of the RSA operating in the VHF frequency range, placed on board an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The conducted modeling allows us to draw the following conclusions. The best characteristics are possessed by an ensemble of signals encoded by Huffman codes, where M-sequences were used to "scatter" the roots. In second place is an ensemble of signals encoded by composite M-sequences. However, with an increase in the base of probing signals (N>64), the best results are shown by an ensemble of signals based on composite M-sequences.
Conformal cylindrical microstrip loop radiator input impedance calculation
Authors: Dementev A.N. , Klyuev D.S. , Krivobokov E.E. , Sokolova Yu.V.
Published: October 2024

Problem statement. Antennas that fully or partially repeat the shape of the object on which they are placed are called conformal. The main areas of application of conformal antennas are aviation, rocketry, and vehicles. Despite the presence of a large number of publications devoted to conformal antennas in our country and abroad, issues related to the formation of the radiation characteristics of conformal microstrip antennas, as well as the influence of the overall dimensions and geometry of the emitter on the radiation characteristics, have still not been sufficiently studied. Goal. The purpose of this work was to obtain an approximate formula for calculating the input impedance of a conformal cylindrical microstrip loop radiator. Results. In this article, an integral equation is obtained for the unknown current density distribution function on the surface of a conformal cylindrical microstrip loop radiator; as a result of its solution, an approximate formula for this function is obtained. An approximate formula for calculating the input impedance is obtained. The dependences of the input impedance of a conformal cylindrical microstrip loop radiator on its length normalized to the wavelength are calculated. Practical significance. The proposed method for calculating the input impedance of a conformal cylindrical microstrip loop radiator makes it possible to effectively calculate and study the dependence of the input impedance on the geometric dimensions of the emitter, as well as the dimensions and electrodynamic parameters of the substrate. This technique can be generalized to emitters located on substrates made of other materials, for example, chiral metamaterials.
Methodology for optimizing the radio absorption capacity and mechanical strength of composite structural materials
Authors: Zhdanov E.R. , Volkov A.V. , Kryukov A.V. , Tsvetkov K.A.
Published: October 2024

The possibility of impregnating high-strength fabrics under pressure with a modified binder is considered. The development of high-temperature composites that have not only high strength, but also microwave absorption properties is inextricably linked with new products being developed and the imposition of more stringent tactical and technical requirements on them. For the successful introduction of these composites into the field of mechanical engineering, one of the necessary conditions is the assessment of their stress-strain state at the design stage. This method allows producing the fabric for aircraft details with high strength. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the absorption of microwave waves and study the physical and mechanical characteristics of composites obtained by vacuum infusion.
Determination of the resolution intervals in time and frequency under the influence of multiplicative noise based on the Woodworth criterion
Authors: Artyushenko V.M. , Volovach V.I.
Published: October 2024

Issues related to estimating the influence of quasi-deterministic and fluctuating multiplicative noise on the delay resolution and frequency resolution of systems processing radio signals based on the Woodward criterion for narrow-band and broadband signals are considered. The problem of resolution when detecting or measuring signal parameters can be considered both for useful signals alone and for cases when interfering signals are present as well. It is pointed out that the effect of multiplicative noise on the signal almost always leads to a resolution problem. It is shown, that under the influence of significant broadband multiplicative noise, the time resolution interval is determined only by the signal envelope and does not depend on its phase structure. For instance, for signals with a rectangular or bell-shaped envelope, it is equal to the equivalent signal duration. Examples of calculating resolution intervals under the influence of multiplicative noise are given. Taking into account the effect of multiplicative noise on signal resolution leads to an increase in the efficiency of radio systems, detection of objects being an example.
Arthrospira platensis growth control system in semi-industrial environment
Authors: Chekushkin А.А. , Gulin A.S. , Lelekov A.S.
Published: October 2024

The paper proposes the design of a device based on the Arduino platform for obtaining data on the biomass of micro-algae, the temperature of the cultural suspension and the irradiation of the pool surface during semi-industrial cultivation of A. platensis. The task was to offer the simplest possible design, consisting of widely available components. In the course of the work, sensor designs were developed, calibration curves were taken, and correction factors were calculated that are necessary for using this device. The device includes a temperature, irradiance and optical density sensor connected to the Arduino Mega platform. The data from the sensors are displayed on the LCD screen and recorded on the Micro SD card.
Optimization of the acoustic influence for precipitation enhancing inside natural clouds with ground-based technique
Authors: Tulaykova T.V. , Wei Jiahua , Li Tiejian , Yan Diran , Chen Guoxin , Amirova S.R. , Wang Jinzhao
Published: October 2024

Problem setting. The paper belongs to precipitation enhancement methods. The new option is proposed inside natural clouds by using low-frequency acoustics, 40–300 Hz, emitted from air sirens near ground. The purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the necessary acoustic parameters, frequency and power, for effective collision of water droplet with their merge in natural clouds. Results. In this study convenient analytical formulas are derived for utilization during field experiments, and example calculations are provided for different environment. Increasing for acoustic intensity directly in atmosphere by diffraction is proposed. Practical significance. The paper indicates the optimal options and regimes for acoustics in natural clouds and ways to achieve this effect.
Artificial intelligence in e-health
Authors: Karunakaran N. , Maryam B. , Sadiq Mohammed Sanusi , Singh I. P. , Ahmad M. M.
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have had an impact on the healthcare industry for some time. The ongoing advancement of technology based on sophisticated machine learning and methods that can identify intricate patterns in data undoubtedly benefits this. A sophisticated model that can automate diagnosis could be created utilizing pooled healthcare data thanks to the quickly developing field of artificial intelligence. Additionally, customizing therapies and directing resources with maximum effectiveness in a timely and dynamic manner facilitates a more precise approach to medicine. Regrettably, a number of significant problems prevent AI's unambiguous affirmation. These range from the dearth of clinical studies that can show its dependability and superior effectiveness compared to conventional systems to the difficulties associated with allocating blame in the event of medical errors.