bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of eco-culture tourism in Burung Island and Suwangi Island in South Kalimantan
Authors: Budiningsih K , Aryadi M
Published: November 2021

Ecotourism is becoming increasingly popular as a tourist attraction. South Kalimantan is not one of the top ten tourist destinations, but the province ranked 15th in terms of the number of trips taken by Indonesian tourists in 2017. Tanah Bumbu Regional Government in South Kalimantan intends to promote ecotourism on its land. This study reveals local government initiatives to build and develop natural tourism in the natural tourism potential of Burung Island and Suwangi Island in Tanah Bumbu District using a qualitative approach and data collection techniques through interviews, field observations, and literature studies. Respondents include members of the community, community leaders, village government, and local government. The scope of the study includes the actual conditions on Burung Island and Suwangi Island, the potential for nature tourism, and the development of the tourism concept. The findings reveal that Burung Island and Suwangi Island, which are part of Selat Laut Nature Reserve, have deteriorated. On the other hand, there are interesting objects that have abundant potencies for natural tourism, such as the spectrum of regional ecosystems from lowland rain forests, mangrove forests, and coastal forests; traditions in the form of traditional ceremonies; fauna of birds and proboscis monkeys; and man-made products such as durian gardens and seed nurseries as educational components. As a result, both Burung Island and Suwangi Island have the potencies to become natural tourism parks. Natural tourism development can provide an opportunity for alternative solutions to the problems of degraded conservation areas through field discoveries.
The patterns of agroforestry: the implementation and its impact on local community income and carbon stock in Sesaot Forest, Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Markum  , Ichsan A C , Saputra M , Lestari A T , Anugrah G
Published: November 2021

This article aims to explore the implementation of agroforestry patterns in the Sesaot forest area and the impacts on the local community income and the carbon stocks. It is written based on descriptive research, data are collected through observation, interviews, and FGDs to 42 respondents, and measuring carbon stocks in 18 locations. The analysis in this study is divided into three: 1) clustering based on plant dominance to identify existing agroforestry patterns, 2) allometric equations to measure the amount of carbon stock, and 3) using scoring to analyze the identified agroforestry patterns to find out the most optimal. This study finds that there are four agroforestry patterns in this area: candlenut dominant, mahogany dominant, mixed agroforestry, and simple agroforestry. From these patterns, mixed agroforestry seems to be the best practice in this area since it has complied with the principles of sustainable forest management both from the perspective of economic and the environment.
Analysis of financial feasibility of cultivation of bambu ampel kuning (Bambusa vulgaris var. striata) as a bamboo shoot resource
Authors: Darmawan UW , Sutiyono
Published: November 2021

Bamboo shoots are buds in the root system of bamboo that grow and develop into young bamboo culm. The root system of bamboo, which has many internodes and buds produces many shoots but not all of them can grow and develop into bamboo shoots. Bamboo shoots can be used as a horticultural food commodity because they are usually harvested and consumed as a vegetable for several dishes. The purpose of this study is to analyze the financial feasibility of bambu ampel kuning (Bambusa vulgaris var striata) cultivation as a producer of bamboo shoots based on indicator criteria NPV, Net B/C, IRR, and payback period. Data are collected using field observations, interviews, and discussions with bamboo garden owners covering cultivation techniques, production facilities, and labor. The results show that the NPV value of Rp. 137,097,914.5 is greater than zero, the Net B/C of 2.309 is greater than one, the IRR value of 42% is greater than the interest rate used by 12%, and the payback period in the 5th year of the age of the bamboo shoot-producing business of 15 years. Based on the criteria for financial feasibility indicators, the cultivation of bambu ampel kuning (Bambusa vulgaris var striata) as a producer of bamboo shoots is feasible. We recommended cultivating bamboo shoots in marginal areas.
Review of standard regulations on the processing of fishery products in Indonesia
Authors: Suseno H , Suadi
Published: November 2021

Standards for processing fishery products are intended to provide quality assurance and safety for fishery products. The implementation of standards involves various parties, including the governments, business actors, and consumers. Regulation on the application of standards need to be issued so that it can provide optimal benefits in accordance with the objectives of the standard. This study aimed to review the regulations regarding the application of standards governing the implementation of a quality assurance system and food safety in fishery products. This study is a policy review on legal and documents related to processed fish products. The application of standards is to provide an understanding of the methods, to practices how to produce fishery products in accordance with the requirements and food safety concerns, as well as to meet the regulatory requirements. The standards for fishery processing products include regulations in several ministries which include SKP, PMMT/HACCP, Distribution License, Halal, and SNI. The standards are enforced by some institutions that have the potential for over-regulation and duplication. The regulations need to be simplified and integrated to hinder fishery business yet improving the business ecosystem. The Government stipulated the CK Law and its derivative regulations to simplify the regulations without ignoring the food safety requirements and ensuring a conducive business environment. After being fully implemented, the effectiveness of the CK Law needs to be reviewed for improving the implementation of regulations, particularly for fish and fishery products in the future.
Population structure and biological aspects of lobster (Panulirus spp.) of the Madura Strait landed in Situbondo of East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Setyanto A , Sambah A B , Widhiastika D , Soemarno  , Wiadnya D G R , Prayogo C
Published: November 2021

Lobster is an important economic fishery resource in domestic and international trade. The high economic value of lobster due to increasing market demand has led to its intensive exploitation. The enactment of specific regulations on lobster proves the urgency of its management. Madura Strait is one of the unique biogeographical sea regions of East Java. This research was conducted in January-March 2021 at Pasir Hitam Beach, Situbondo. The purpose of this study was to determine the species composition of lobsters, the frequency distribution and the growth form, and the sex ratio. The analysis applied is class distribution of length and weight classes, regression analysis, and chi-square. The lobster catches consist of 4 species, namely Scalloped spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus), Ornate spiny lobster (P. ornatus), Painted spiny lobster (P. versicolor), and Mud spiny lobster (P. polyphagus). P. homarus is the most dominant species. The frequency distribution of carapace length and weight of P. homarus, P. ornatus, and P. versicolor has met the minimum size limits rules. The length and weight relationship of P. Homarus and P. ornatus were negative allometric, while P. versicolor isometric. Lobster sex ratio is in a balanced condition.
The effect of escape gap on the cube folding trap on fish catches composition and trap rate at the northern coast of Tuban regency
Authors: Huda G N , Adyatma F N , Alfiatunnisa N , Rachman F , Djasmani S S , Setiawan R Y , Partosuwiryo S , Djumanto  , Setyobudi Eko
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of escape gap on catch composition, CPUE, and trap rate at the northern coast of Tuban Regency. The research was conducted by ten trips of experimental fishing at different locations in November 2019. A total of 60 units of cube folding traps were installed long line, consisting of cube folding traps without escape gaps, cube folding traps with escape gaps 6x3 cm, cube folding traps escape gaps 7x4 cm, 20 units, respectively. The fish catch composition consists of 18 species of 6 groups, i.e., fish, swimmer crab, shrimp, hermit crab, and snail. Fish were the most dominant group captured by cube folding traps in the northern coast of Tuban Regency (59.7%), followed by swimmer crab, snail, crab, shrimp, and hermit crab. The highest catch per unit effort was found in cube folding traps with escape gaps 7x4 cm as much as 6,94 gr/traps/trip. The highest of the trap rate (18%) was obtained in the cube folding traps without escape gap. There was a significant difference (p=95%) in the weight of fish catches and CPUE between cube folding traps without escape gaps and the cube folding traps with escape gaps 7 x 4 cm.
The bottom gillnet catch composition in Sasak Ranah Pasisie coastal water, Pasaman Barat regency
Authors: Fisabilillah W , Alfiatunnisa N , Setyobudi E
Published: November 2021

This research aimed to determine the catch composition of the bottom gillnet at Sasak Ranah Pasisie coastal water, Pasaman Barat Regency, West Sumatera. The research was conducted from January to February 2019 with total of 15 fishing trip using the bottom gillnet. The gillnet used 100 m of length, 3 m of width, and 2 inches of mesh size. Each of fish sample was identified, counted, measured their length and weight, and determined the way of fish captured by gillnets. The result showed that fish catches composition using bottom gillnet consist of 26 species, i.e., 22 species of fish, two species of crabs, and two species of shrimps. The highest catch was Common ponyfish (Leiognathus sp.) as much as 23%. The other captured species were Silver grunt (Pomadasys sp.) 20,2%; Leaftail croaker (Otolithes sp.) 14,5%; Largehead hairtail (Trichiurus sp.) 6%; Moustached thryssa (Thryssa sp.) 5%; and Black pomfret (Parastromateus sp.) 5%. Based on the way of fish captured on the bottom gillnet, the predominantly fish were wedged as much as 39% from the total of fish catches, followed by gilled (30%), entangled (26%), and snagged (6%).
Stichopodidae (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) from Nyamuk Island, Karimunjawa National Park, Central of Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hartati R , Ambariyanto A , Widianingsih W , Mahendrajaya R T , Mustagfirin M , Prihatinningsih P
Published: November 2021

Sea cucumbers have been the subject of increased worldwide interest for scientific knowledge, sustainable use and conservation purposes. One family found in Karimunjawa National Park Area, Jepara was Stichopudidae. The present work was aimed to identify the species of Stichopudidae caught from the waters around Nyamuk Island, Karimunjawa National Park prior to sea ranching for their conservation. The samples were taken during 2018-2019 directly from fisher, processor, traders and wholesaler. By fisher, collections relied on free diving (in depth of 5-10 meters); diving with compressor (in depth of 10-25 meters) and all sea cucumbers were capture by hand. In the processors, the species were samples taken before being processed. They usually were gutted/un-gutted, boiled, smoked or brined. The identification was done through their morphological characters. There were eleven species found belonged to two genera (Stichopus and Thelenota), i.e. Stichopus horrens, S. pseudohorrens, S. naso, S. vastus, S. chloronatus, S. herrmanni, S. monotuberculatus, S. ocellatus, S. quadrifasciatus, Thelenota anax and T. ananas. All Stichopodid sea cucumber called as gamet or gamat by all stake holders of sea cucumber fisheries. With the increasing demand and good price of these species, the conservation effort, especially through sea ranching was urged to be done.
The ecological vulnerability of Semarang’s coastal waters, a brief review
Authors: Rositasari R , Puspitasari R
Published: November 2021

As the capital city of the Central Java Province, Semarang has a very unique regional profile. Economic activity in Semarang has accelerated rapidly and many industrial estates have been established, but the latent problem of inundation and subsidence has been a threat in the northern region of the city for almost a century. Under these conditions, the burden of pollution as a by-product of various activities in the coastal and upland areas becomes a threat magnification for ecological sustainability of coastal waters and surrounding areas. This review will reveal the ecological vulnerability of coastal waters based on biogeochemical aspects. The major references for the review were several research papers dan repots based on the research activities of The Research Centre for Oceanography, Indonesian Science Institute (LIPI) in Semarang coastal water on the last decade. Geological studies, heavy metal contamination and retrospection study using benthic foraminifera as proxies based on two core samples are the major aspects on the review. The results show that the eastern coastal of Semarang was more susceptible to ecological disasters such as accretion, pollution of several metals and total suspended solids compared to the western coastal waters. Retrospective study based on core sample showed that Pb and Zn contaminations were occurred higher at the East Flood Canal estuary since 1910, so was the imprint of hypoxia was found since 1939.
Current (2021) status of surimi industry in Indonesia and possible solutions: A review
Authors: Sihono  , Purnomo A H , Wibowo S , Dewi F R
Published: November 2021

The surimi industry in Indonesia, especially located on the North Coast Java, has an important role in boosting both regional and national economy. In the last 5 years, the surimi industry has been affected by the policy of prohibiting the use of destructive seine and trawl nets, known locally as cantrang. Most of the surimi industry in Indonesia use bycatches and discards of cantrang as raw material. On the other hand, the policy drives the opportunity to use the aquaculture fishes and non cantrang catches as a raw materials substitution of the surimi. Many laboratory scale observations have shown that aquaculture and small pelagic fish can be used as the raw material for surimi. However, the information around using several species of fish (multi-species) as raw material of surimi is not well provided. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to generate the recommendations regarding the use of multi-species fish as an alternative raw material for the surimi industry to replace the bycatches of cantrang. The information will allow industry both small and medium size to have a better option that suits their need to be able to fulfill the market demand.
A preliminary study of metal accumulation in fish from Cimanuk and Cimandiri, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Puspitasari R , Purbonegoro T , Oktaviyani S , Rositasari R , Kaisupy M T
Published: November 2021

Fish is known to be a source of animal protein consisting of low cholesterol and non fatty acid. It also promotes sustainable consumption in coastal communities. Metal contamination in aquatic bodies, particularly rivers and oceans, is made more likely by anthropogenic factors. Metal may accumulate in fish as a result of the food web, posing a health risk to humans. Metal contamination in ingested fish should be monitored as part of risk mitigation. The goal of this research was to investigate six elements (Cr, Cu, Se, Pb, Cd, and As) in the edible tissues of fish from Cimanuk and Cimandiri, West Java. Karangsong and Palabuhan Ratu were two locus of fishing ports in Cimanuk and Cimandiri, respectively. In April of 2017, commercial demersal fish were obtained. Three fish from Palabuhan ratu and four fish from Karangsong were captured. Metal analysis was conducted using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES). The results revealed that the non-essential elements such as cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) had exceeded the permissible limits of the BPOM. Practically, organic arsenic (arsenobetain) is the most common arsenic found in fish (90-95%), and relatively safe compared to inorganic arsenic. Indications of Cd enrichment can come from anthropogenic factors and reinforce the necessity for environmental monitoring of habitats around fishing areas. Essential metals like selenium, copper, and chromium are maintained at a certain concentration based on metabolic activity and vary according to fish body homeostasis.
Characteristic of margarine with ingredient mixed of catfish (Pangasius sp.) oil and vegetable oil
Authors: Hastarini E , Nabilla M , Permadi A , Adi C P , Nurbayasari R
Published: November 2021

The use of fish oil is still not optimal whether it is crude or refined fish oil. One of the alternative uses is processing it into food ingredients or as an ingredient for food product enrichment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the combination of catfish oil and vegetable oil on the characteristics of margarine. Refined catfish oil was analyzed for peroxide content, free fatty acids, iodine number, and saponification number. Margarine products are made with the main ingredient of stearin and a mixture of refined catfish oil and corn oil with a ratio of 100: 0; 75:25 and 50:50. The analysis carried out included proximate, peroxide value, color, sensory and microbiology. The results showed that refined catfish oil had a peroxide value of 1.74%, free fatty acids 0.21%, Iodine value 50.48% and saponification value 102.10%. Based on the quality characteristics of margarine, the treatment with a ratio of 50:50 has the best result with a moisture content of 9.03%, 78% fat content, 1.75% peroxide value and have a bright yellow color, conform the margarine standard SNI 01-3541-2002. The results of the analysis of total plate count (ALT) ranged from 1.0x101 to 4.0x101, Stapphylococcus aureus showed that the colony did not grow up to 4.0 X 101. The hedonic test results for the color, taste and aroma of the margarine, panelists preferred the fish oil concentration 50:50 while the panelists preferred margarine with the addition of fish oil 75:25 for the texture.
Physical characteristics of effervescent tablet probiotics in various concentration of tapioca coatings
Authors: Oktavia D A , Ayudiarti D L , Febrianti D , Yanuar V
Published: November 2021

RICA (Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture) Maros in South Sulawesi has developed 5 probiotic preparations, namely RICA-1, RICA-2, Rica-3, RICA-4 and RICA-5 in liquid form to improve shrimp farming in ponds. In practice, the use of liquid probiotics has been very optimal but the distribution is constrained because of its liquid form. For this reason, microencapsulation of liquid probiotics is carried out to protect from the external environment and maintain the viability of probiotic cells in the encapsulated matrix. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical properties of probiotic effervescent tablets using tapioca coating with different concentration variants (10 and 20%) with four effervescent tablet formulas. The results showed that the pH of the probiotic effervescent tablet Formula 3 with a coating concentration of 10% tapioca had a neutral pH compared to all existing formulas. However, the pH for probiotic effervescent tablets produced by all formulas can still be applied to shrimp ponds. Formula 4 with 10% tapioca coating has a mean weight and hardness that is close to the standard as well as a disintegration time that meets the specified standard of tablet physical properties. Meanwhile, the tablet friability value was met by Formula 3 with a concentration of 10% tapioca coating. It can be concluded that the best formula that meets the standard physical properties of tablets is Formula 4 with 10% tapioca coating. The probiotic effervescent tablet with tapioca coating has a weakness in the hardness value which causes the average weight to be not uniform. These results indicate that tapioca coating is not suitable for use as a coating for probiotic effervescent tablets.
Dried acetes as growth promoter for guppy (Poecilia reticulata) nutrition
Authors: Komilus C F , Mufit N M M
Published: November 2021

Acetes is a marine shrimp that is still an under-studied source as feed ingredient for tropical ornamental fish. Ornamental fish is regarded as pet fish due to its mystic attractiveness for pet fish enthusiasts and requires good protein source to attain good growth and skin colour enhancement. The prevailing feed industry due to continuos pandemic has resulted many enthusiasts to look for alternative growth promoter as feed for guppy. The aims of this study were to determine the nutritional composition in dried Acetes and to investigate the effects of dietary dried Acetes meal on growth performance of Guppy (Poecilia reticulate). Five dietary isocaloric feeds namely Tcontrol (commercial feed only), T0 (100% commercial feed and 0% of dried Acetes.), T1 (75% commercial diet and 25% of dried Acetes spp.), T2 (50% commercial diet and 50% of dried Acetes), T3 (25% commercial diet and 75% of dried Acetes) and T4 (0% commercial diet and 100% of dried Acetes) were formulated as feed for juveniles of Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) reared in triplicates for 30 days. Growth indices like Body Weight Gain, Feed Conversion Rate, Feed Intake and Survival Rate were observed in every 10 days. Results indicated that T4 with 100% dried Acetes attained a significantly high BWG of 222.6% with low feed intake and FCR of less than 3.5. It can be concluded that inclusion of 50 to 100% dried Acetes in feed has contributed to optimal growth performance of guppy. It is also recommended that further studies on dietary Acetes could be done to examine other properties that could be further developed as superfeed for ornamental fish and thereby enhance growth and productivity of the ornamental fish industry as well as economic efficiency.
Land use change due to road construction
Authors: Hadi P L , Wasanta T , Santosa W
Published: November 2021

Roads is one of the main infrastructures to support the realization of economic development. The economic development resulting economic activity and the emergence of new industrial and activity centers, and then will stimulate population movement and growth. The increase of the population number and movement will encourage changes in land use. This study conducted to analyze the effect of road construction on the rate of land use change. Land use change caused by the construction of this road was identified by analyzing land use change with the help of a geographic information system. Satellite imageries are processed into maps based on geographic information systems to classify land use gradually over years. The results of this classification are then used for land use change analysis. The analysis carried out shows that there is a change in land use rate growth for building classification before and after road construction. Land use for growth for building classification is developed faster when a new road is built than before a road is built. In the area around the Salatiga and Ambarawa Ring Roads, the increase in the proportion of built-in land use is the conversion of forest land use and open land. Meanwhile, in the area around the Manado Ring Road, the increase in the proportion of built-in land use is the conversion of forest land use.
Fire resistance of lightweight foam concrete by incorporating lightweight bio-based aggregate
Authors: Yew M K , Yew M C , Beh J H , Saw L H , Lee Y L , Lim J H , C Y T
Published: November 2021

Concrete is widely used in the industry due to its effectiveness in terms of cost and strength. In this study, the introduction of bio-based aggregate as coarse aggregate in lightweight foam concrete will be investigated to find a better solution for fire incidents that are commonly happened. As such, lightweight foam concrete (LWFC) has been applied in many buildings especially in non-load bearing wall to enhance thermal conductivity, sound insulation and fire resistance. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of incorporating bio-based aggregate namely oil palm shell (OPS) into lightweight form concrete in terms of strength properties and fire resistance. Three different concrete mix was designed containing different percentage of OPS aggregate replacement (0, 5, 10 and 15%). From the result, the compressive strength of the LWFC-CTR mixture had achieved the highest compressive strength at 28-day, which is recorded at 3.82 MPa. The fire resistance of LWFC-OPS 15% had showed a positive outcome with improvement by almost 23.5% compared to control mix at 15 minutes. Therefore, the major finding of this research is the incorporation of eco-friendly OPS aggregate has improved the fire resistance of lightweight foam concrete, which can be used as an alternative solution for non-load bearing walls.
Batch adsorption studies for ketoprofen removal via Dillenia Indica peel activated carbon
Authors: Fadzail F , Hasan M , Mokhtar Z , Ibrahim N , An O S , Abidin C Z A
Published: November 2021

Removal of ketoprofen using Dillenia Indica peel activated carbon was investigated using batch adsorption at a laboratory scale. Chemical activation method with the aid of phosphoric acid was utilised in preparing the activated carbon. The adsorption experiments were evaluated using various factors which, are initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, and pH of ketoprofen. The optimum condition was determined to be at pH 6 and adsorbent dosage of 0.4 g with a most KTP uptake of 8.354 mg/g. The experimental findings showed that adsorption is favorable at lower pH. Isotherm studies were conducted and the data indicated that Langmuir isotherm was well fitted to the adsorption process and the pseudo-second-order model was more preferable in simulating the kinetic process. In essence, Dillenia Indica peel activated carbon was proven as being a favourable adsorbent for the uptake of ketoprofen in batch mode.
Application of Steel Fibre to Improve the Self-Healing Mechanism of Bituminous Mixtures: A Review
Authors: Shiong F , Shaffie E
Published: November 2021

The self-healing mechanism of bituminous mixtures was demonstrated through several studies and was recognised for developing sustainable road pavement. This paper presents a comprehensive summary of various studies related to steel fibre as a self-healing mechanism of bituminous materials. Based on the extensive literature, it was found that steel fibre was likely to be used in the asphalt industry due to several benefits. First, the idea of using steel fibre in pavement engineering materials gives great attention to their utilisation in asphalt. It helps increase the self-healing mechanism and contribute to reducing the problem related to potholes, ravelling, slipping during raining while driving and many more. Second, this study identifies the gap of research for future research in pavement engineering. Finally, some proposals were made for the possible construction of self-healing asphalt.
Effects of Alkylamines-Based and Polyalkylene Glycol-Based Bonding Enhancers on the Performance of Asphalt Binders
Authors: Osman H , Hasan M R M , Mukhtar N , Ghazali M F H M , Raman N A A
Published: November 2021

The premature deterioration of asphalt pavements usually occurs due to different moisture damage mechanisms resulting in stripping, ravelling, potholes, and disintegration without proper treatment. Numerous efforts have been taken into consideration to improve the bonding between materials, hence prolonging the pavement life. This study evaluates the performance of asphalt binders incorporating Alkylamines-based (ALM) and Polyalkylene Glycol-based (PLG) bonding enhancers. Each bonding enhancer at 0.5% and 1.0% based on the weight of asphalt binder was separately blended with the conventional asphalt binder 60/70 penetration grade using a high shear mixer at 1000 rpm for 30 minutes at 160°C. The physical and rheological properties of modified binders were evaluated through penetration value, softening point, ductility, elastic recovery, rotational viscosity (RV), and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) tests. Overall, additions of ALM and PLG show identical penetration grade compared to the control sample. Both ALM and PLG showcase a higher ductility and elastic recovery than the neat binder. The DSR test indicates the incorporation of bonding enhancers improves the modified binders’ rutting performance. While the application of ALM at 0.5% dosage increased the binder failure temperature out of all the tested samples, where the failure temperature is at 70°C, compared to others at 64°C. Studies at mastics and mixture levels should be conducted to appropriately understand the effect of bonding enhancer on the bituminous materials.
Assessment of hydraulic conductivity improvement due to vibration application at riverbank
Authors: Baharudin F , Hamzah N , Mohamad I N , Zaki Z Z M
Published: November 2021

Groundwater abstraction is a process of obtaining subsurface water sources for variety purpose of consumption. However, due to long and continuous pumping, the efficiency might decrease because of soil clogging. This decreased can be quantified and reflected as the change of hydraulic conductivity (K) values at the pumping site. This study aims to assess the variability of soil hydraulic conductivity at groundwater pumping site and also to study the effectiveness of vibration method to improve the hydraulic conductivity by comparing the result of before and after vibration is applied. The study was carried out by measuring theKvalues using slug test at wells MW01 and MW02 with two durations of vibration which were 45 minutes and 60 minutes. The result shows that values of hydraulic conductivity of the soil were found to have increased for both MW0l and MW02 wells. On first trial, the hydraulic conductivity increases for MW0l and MW02 are 16.7% and 39.3% while on second trial, the percentage increases for MW01 and MW02 are 54.3% and 11.1% respectively. Although the change for MW02 decreased for 60 minutes vibration, it can still be noted as there is a positive impact of vibration to theKvalue and further extensive data collection will be able to provide better assessment. Thus, it has been proven that the vibration method can be effective in reducing the soil clogging effect and also able to improve the hydraulic conductivity of the soil.
A comparative study on generation and composition of food waste in Kundasang, Sabah
Authors: Zakarya A , Yabainus A F , Halis R , Beson M R
Published: November 2021

In this era, we are facing a very troublesome problem, and that is food waste. Food wastage started happening decades ago and is still happening today. This not only comes from large-scale food and beverage production but, unfortunately, also comes from people’s behavior. Which had made the research to study the generation and composition of food waste in Kundasang, Sabah and identify the awareness of food waste management. the collection of the food waste involved in residential and commercial and then, divide into two types which are cooked and uncooked food waste. As a result, the food waste generated from the commercial was more than residential area. Then, the food waste generation rate for every person is 0.14 kg/person/day. Most of the people in Kundasang know about food waste management but they do not know the proper way to manage the food waste but 64 % of them, interest to involve minimize the food waste in the future. Knowledge and skills can be spread among family residents through sports and awareness activities related to food management. In short, appropriate methods should be introduced to overcome the restrictions on the residents of Kundasang’s households to minimize food waste.
Effect of operational time on the chemical oxygen demand performance of sequencing batch reactor treating disperse dye synthetic wastewater
Authors: Rashid N A , Mohtar S A W , Rani A L , Omar M F , Abdullah M A H , Noordeka A
Published: November 2021

This work examines the effect of operational time of 6 hours on the removal of disperse dye from synthetic textile wastewater. Experiments were conducted daily at fill, react, settle, draw, and idle phase at 1 h, 1 h, 2 h, 1 h, 1 h respectively. The results showed that the highest removal efficiency of COD reached 77 %. Short operational time resulted in low COD removal efficiencies of disperse dye. The findings also revealed that when applying optimum operational time, sequencing batch reactor will achieve the highest growth of the bacteria responsible for the degradation of COD. When operational time increases, degradation becomes the dominant removal mechanisms of COD.
Numerical Simulation of Flow within a storage area of HDPE modular pavement
Authors: Amirah A S N , Boon F Y , Nihla K A , Salwa Z M , Mahyun A W , Yaacof N
Published: November 2021

The development of stromwater management usually promote to provide the safe passage of stromwater. However physical modelling need expensive laboratory experiments. Due to that this numerical study is performed to study the flow within storage area of HDPE modular pavement. This paper studied and compared the infiltration rate of diagonal modular and conventional pavement (control), determined the velocity magnitude and pressure of modular pavement at various rainfall intensities. FLOW-3D was used to run a simulation on a porous media flow model using the Navier-Stokes equation. Real rainfall data of Malaysia was used as the model inputs to get better analysis of pavement design. The present findings showed that storage area modular pavement has lower fraction of fluid than control, which means that it has greater holding capacity and capable to capture all the rainfall volume from 5mm/h to 85mm/h. Besides, rainfall intensity has a strong influence on velocity magnitude and pressure. The HDPE diagonal modular pavement strong enough to sustain with an increasing of velocity magnitude and pressure during extreme rainfall. Therefore, HDPE modular pavement indicates a better water interception capacity than conventional pavement. FLOW-3D helps the critical analysis of pavement design process and useful as supplementary tool.
Study of The Effect of Hot Water Extract of Garlic and Pepper Plants, With Different Concentrations Saline Solution on The Mortalityon Parlatoria Blanchardi (Targioni-Tozzetti) on Date Palms
Authors: Al-Hussainawy Khalid J. , Hasan Sabreen Mohsen , Chebaani Hana
Published: November 2021

The scale insect Parlatoria blanchardi (Homoptera : Diaspdidae) is one of the important pests, that cause damage to all parts of the date palm in the central and southern governorates of Iraq, In order to reduce the negative effects of pesticides on the environment. Two types of hot water extracts, of Capsicum annuam and Alliu sativum, were used in the field at three concentrations of 5, 10 and 15 g/liter of water, in addition to the use of the saline solution in three concentrations of 15, 20 and 25 g/liter of water, to reduce the population density of P. blanchardi. The results showed that the plant extracts and the saline solution, had high efficiency in reducing the population density of P. blanchardi after one week of spraying, as the saline solution registered the best mortality of 100% at the three concentrations used and with a significant difference from A. sativum extract, which recorded the highest mortality of 80% for the insect at the concentration of 15 g/L and the lowest mortality was 56% over the concentration of 10 g/L, while the C. annuam extract recorded the highest mortality of 80% at a concentration of 15 g/L, and the lowest mortality at a concentration of 5 g/L was 55%.
Pattern of Distribution of Spatial Phenomena to Communities Prevailing in Mount Gara Using Function L(r)
Authors: Abdullah Osama Mohammed Saleh , Mohammed Ammar Jassim
Published: November 2021

The spatial pattern of species is an important feature to understand why these species coexist and remain in position or not, and using the single Ripley function and the L(r) function, we analyzed the spatial pattern of types of broad-leaf tree and tree covers and the needles for mixed brawls in the forests of Mount Gara, using PASSAGE V.2, L(r) analysis of the species under study showed a variation in the pattern distribution of trees and gave the highest percentage of random form distribution pattern with a cluster pattern of 11.25%, Through the ratios and forms of distribution of the L(r) function of the various samples of the study, we find that these stands generally tend to be regular, indicating that these species remain at the end of the life cycle in the structure of a more stable stand.
The Effect of Using Rice Bran With Enzymes on The Production Performance of Turkey
Authors: Aldouri Asaad D. Saber , Allaw Ahmed A.
Published: November 2021

This study was conducted in the poultry field of the Department of Animal Production at the University of Tikrit, Faculty of Agriculture, and the aim of this study was to know the effect of using rice bran at a rate of (0, 15, 20%) with and without adding a mixture of enzymes containing amylase, protease and cellulose by 0.5 g/kg in turkey rations for a period of 10 weeks, 120 unsexed Bronze turkeys were used. The birds were distributed into six treatments, each treatment included four replicates (cage) five birds. The results showed a significant superiority (P ≤ 0.05). For the second treatment (0 % rice bran + 0.5 g/kg mixture of enzymes) in live body weight, weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, while it was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) superior to the sixth treatment (20% rice bran + 0.5 g/kg mixture of enzymes) In feed consumption compared to the third treatment, and there were no deaths in any of the study treatments throughout the experiment period.
Effect of Different Level of Zeolite and Perlite on The Physiological Performance of Awassi Lambs
Authors: Tarsh Asaad Fadhel , Al-Yasseri Ahmed Jawad
Published: November 2021

A total of 24 male Awassi lamb aged (4-6) months were used, to determine the effect of different level of zeolite and perlite on the physiological traits of Awassi sheep. Results show that te use of zeolite led to the presence of high significant differences at the level (P ≤ 0.05) of the studied values between the experimental groups and according to the weeks of the study, as the values varied between different weeks in the characteristics of the biochemical blood parameters and values, which are (both cholesterol values, the values of high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and fats). All treatments of zeolite and perylite and their mixture outperformed the control group, while the fourth treatment T4 outperformed the other treatments, followed by the third treatment T3 over the studied treatments T2 and T1.
In Vitro Detection of Some Active Compounds in Stressed Callus of Mungbean (Vigna Radiata L.)
Authors: El-Kaaby Ekhlas A.J. , Al-Saady Hassan A. A. , Al-Kaisy Wifaq A. M.
Published: November 2021

An experiment was conducted at the Ministry of Sciences and Technology/Directorate of Agricultural Research, Genetic Engineering Department. In Vitro callus cultured on (MS) medium supplemented with different levels of NaCl, brassinolides and vitamin C. H.P.L.C technique was used to detect the phenolic compounds in different treatments of mungbean stressed callus. The results showed various responses for accumulation of phenolic compounds in different treatments of mungbean stressed callus for example, 15dS.m−1NaCl+40mg.L−1vitamin C+0.04mg.L−1brassinolide) accumulated highest concentration of Hydroxybenzonic acid, Tannic acid, Gallic acid, Quercetin and Syrinigic acid (280.44, 135.16, 286.49, 778.93 and 778.93 μg.ml−1) respectively, while highest accumulation of Chlorogenic acid, Gentisic acid, Sikimick acid and Coumaric acid were found in (6dS.m−1NaCl+40mg.L−1vitamin C+0.04mg.L−1brassinolide) treatment reached (230.27, 208.21, 846.52 and 522.62 μ.mg−1)respectively. Furthermore, 6dS.m−1NaCl+0.04mg.L−1 brassinolide and 15dS.m−1 NaCl+0.04mg.L−1 brassinolide achieved highest accumulation (933.83 and 407.48 μg.ml−1) for Ferulic acid and Protocatechuric acid respectively.
Productivity Test of Wheat Genotypes Under Water Stress Conditions
Authors: Al-Omary Hassan Jasim Obead , Mohsen Haider Abdul Hussain , AlSalem Saleh Hadi
Published: November 2021

A field experiment was carried out in Dhi Qar Governorate, Iraq, during the agricultural season (2020-2021), with the aim of studying the effect of water stress on the productivity of some genotypes of bread wheat. The experiment included studying the effect of four levels of water depletion from field capacity, which are 25% (W1), 50% (W2) and 75% (W3), in addition to the comparison treatment without water stress (W0), and six genotypes of bread wheat (N29, N12, Aba99, N14, N28, and Bohouth 22). The experiment was applied using the RCBD randomized complete plot design according to the split plot design with three replications. Water stress dish in lining stage. The results showed that water stress (W3) caused a significant decrease in the mean characteristics of the number of grains per spike, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield and biological yield. The compositions differed significantly among themselves if the composition N14 outperformed in the trait and yield of grain (5.390 tons ha−1), biological yield (14.98 tons.ha−1) and weight of 1000 grains (48.10 g), while the superiority of the variety Bohouth22 in the number of grains in the spike (36.73 grains spike_1). This study suggests to more cultivation of the genotypes N14, N28 and N12, which gave the best grain yield under water stress conditions in order to adopt them and expand their cultivation in Iraq, and to conduct more studies on the cultivation of genotypes of bread wheat under the influence of water stress, as well as the adoption of the variety Bohouth 22 instead of From the of Apa99 in areas that suffer from water scarcity in Iraq.
The Effect of Different Levels of Potassium on The Productivity of Genotypes of Wheat Triticum Aestivum L
Authors: Al-Taher Faisal Mihbes , Al-Naser Howraa Hussein
Published: November 2021

A field experiment was carried out in the second agricultural station of the College of Agriculture - University of Al-Muthanna in the Al Bandar area (2 km from the city center), during the season (2020-2021) to know the effect of different levels of potassium fertilizer coated and are K0 (without addition), K1 (30 kg.K.H−1), K2 (60 kg.K.H−1), K3 (90 kg.K.H−1) and K4 (120 kg.K.H−1 without coated) On the vesponse of the genotypes of the wheat (Iksad 59, Iranian, Iksad 901, Iksad 133 and Boohooth 22), According to what the process requires of printing to arrange the splinter panels using a design R.C.B.D and three repetitions, As the potash fertilizer treatments were placed in the main panels (Main-plots) While the genotypes were placed in the secondary plates (Sub-plot). The results showed a significant difference between the genotypes in the traits studied as the Iksad 133 genotype superior in the biological yield, while the Iranian genotype was superior in the weight of 1,000 seeds and the harvest index, and as response to potassium fertilizer, The coated treatment has outperformed 30 kg.K.H−
1 The No. grains spike−1 and the weight 1000 seeds. It also excelled in the seed yield, vital yield and harvest index, which averaged reached 8.03 tons H−1 and 18.33 tons H−1 and 43.98 % respectively, while the coated treatment supertor 90 kg.K.H−
1 significantly in the No. of fertile spikes. M2. As for the interaction between the two factors, the combination (Iksad 133 x K3) was superior in the No. of fertile spikes, and the combination (Iksad 59 x K4) in the No. of spike grains, while the two combinations superior (Boohooth 22 x K1) and (Iksad 133 x K1) in grain yield, which averaged 9.11 and 9.06 tons ha−1 respectively, and the combination (Iksad 133 x K1) was superior in bio-it give high mea reached 21.27 tons.ha−1, The combination (Iranian × K2) was superior in the harvest index, It reached 48.75%.
Pretreatment of Seed With Hydrogen Peroxide for Mitigating Salt Stress of Some Hungarian Wheat Landraces at Seedlings Stage
Authors: Abido W. A. E. , Dhurgham S. , Altai K. , Zsombik L. , Hadházy Á. , Allem A. , Dulai S.
Published: November 2021

Salt stress is a stringent problem limiting germination and productivity of wheat all over the world, seed pretreatment can effectively induce salt tolerance. The present experiment conducted to investigate the germination, seedling and chemical parameters response of seven Hungarian wheat Landraces (Szentesi, Nyirádi, Kiszombori, Háromfai, Tapiószelei, Nagykállói and Szajlai) to seed soaking at four levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) i.e. control, 0.5,.0 and 1.5% subjected to five levels of salt stress (control, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0 and 2.0 dSm−1). Treatments were arranged in Factorial Experimental based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. Under non-saline and salt stress H2O2 soaking significantly influenced all parameters. Soaking at 1.5% resulted the highest germination ability, seedling parameters, relative water content (RWC%), tolerance index (TI%) and potassium (K+ ppm) as well proline level in parallel with the lowest sodium content. However, wheat landraces responded differently to the treatments. Háromfai landrace came in the first rank followed by Tapiószelei, Kiszombori, Szajlai, Nyirádi, Szentesi and Nagykállói landraces. Háromfai landrace resulted the highest values of germination parameters, RWC, TI, K+ and proline contents. At the same time, the maximum values of Na+ content was detected in reverse order. Increasing salinity stress levels from 3.0 to 12.0 dSm−1’ significantly decreased all studied character except Na+ which was increased as compared with control treatment. Therefore, pretreatment of seeds with 1.5 % of H2O2 increased proline and K+ in contrast to the Na+ content. These results suggest that H2O2 pretreatment helps to increase seedlings growth of Háromfai landrace under high salt stress compared to the other examined wheat landraces.
Effect of Walnut Extract on Germination Characteristics of Several Species of Weeds
Authors: Hamarashid Sahar Hussein
Published: November 2021

Some plants can prevent seed germination and growth in other plants by producing toxic allelochemicals materials. this study aimed was to effect of walnut extract on germination characteristics of several species of weeds. The experiment was conducted in factorial based on a completely random design with three replications. The treatments of the experiment were two walnut cultivars, four species of weeds) Soutani, Rajal, Khardel and Zivan) and four levels of walnut extract (0, 10, 20 and 30 percent). Results showed that there was a significant difference among walnut extract concentration, weed species, and interaction between them for all studied traits (P< 0.01). In present study with increase the concentration of walnut extract from zero to 30%, in all four types of weeds the germination rate, germination percentage, root, stem and seedling length, and seed vigor index were significantly reduced. Also in the treatment of 30%, walnut extract species of Khardel showed the highest, and Shoufan, Rajal, and Zivan showed the lowest germination rat, germination percentage, root, stem, and seedling length, and seed vigor index.