bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green synthesis of triazolo-nucleoside conjugates via azide–alkyne C–N bond formation
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Maity Jyotirmoy , Mathur Divya , Verma Abhishek , Rana Neha , Kumar Manish , Kumar Sandeep , Prasad Ashok K.
Published: January 2022

Modified nucleosides are the core precursors for the synthesis of artificial nucleic acids, and are important in the field of synthetic and medicinal chemistry. In order to synthesize various triazolo-compounds, copper and ruthenium catalysed azide–alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions also known as click reaction have emerged as a facile and efficient tool due to its simplicity and convenient conditions. Introduction of a triazole ring in nucleosides enhances their therapeutic value and various photophysical properties. This review primarily focuses on the plethora of synthetic methodologies being employed to synthesize sugar modified triazolyl nucleosides, their therapeutic importance and various other applications.
Influence of innovative hydrogen multi strut injector with different spacing on cavity-based scramjet combustor
Authors: Kireeti Sribhashyam K. , Gadepalli Ravikiran Sastry , Gugulothu Santhosh K.
Published: January 2022

In this study, the flow dynamics with finite volume approach on commercial software Ansys-Fluent 20.0 to solve the compressible two-dimensional fluid flow with Reynolds Average Navier Stokes equation (RANS) equation by considering the density-based solver with Shaer stress transport model (SST) k- ω turbulent model. The species transport model with volumetric reaction and finite rate/eddy dissipation turbulence chemistry interaction is adopted to study the combustion phenomena. Additionally, the effect of spacing between the struts on the flow characters and performance of the combustor is studied by increasing the spacing of struts from 1 mm to 4 mm for each increment of 1 mm. It is found that the multi strut improves the mixing and combustion efficiency compared with that of the single strut owing to the formation of a significant separation layer, resulting in multiple shocks, vortices, and a larger recirculation zone. However, when the spacing of struts is increased further, the performance of the combustor is found to be deteriorating owing to the formation of larger separation layers. The recirculation zone is significant when the strut spacing is minimal and shrinks and restricts itself within the cavity when spacing is increased. So, for better performance of combustor, multi strut with minimum spacing is preferable.
Low Load With BFR vs. High Load Without BFR Eccentric Hamstring Training Have Similar Outcomes on Muscle Adaptation
Authors: Jones Malcolm J. , Dominguez Jesus F. , Macatugal Clarizzah , Coleman Keairez , Reed Bryan , Schroeder E. T.
Published: January 2022

Jones, MJ, Dominguez, JF, Macatugal, C, Coleman, K, Reed, B, and Schroeder, ET. Low load with BFR vs. high load without BFR eccentric hamstring training have similar outcomes on muscle adaptation. J Strength Cond Res 37(1): 55–61, 2023—A key principle of hamstring injury rehabilitation is developing high eccentric force capability through resistance training (RT). However, it can take months before high-load RT is deemed safe and appropriate for rehabilitating serious hamstring injuries. Low-load blood flow restriction (BFR) RT has been identified as an effective alternative when high-load RT is contraindicated but has been scarcely investigated in the hamstring. To address this gap in knowledge, we sought to compare the effect of longitudinal BFR RT with traditional RT on eccentric hamstring power, strength, lean mass, perceived soreness, and acute muscle swell in healthy adults (n = 40; 19 F, 21 M; mean ± SD; age: 24.3 ± 2.6 years). Our crossover design compared the effects of low-load (30% 1RM) eccentric lower extremity training with BFR (BFR-ELET) with traditional high-load (80% 1RM) eccentric lower extremity training (TRAD-ELET) without BFR biweekly for 6 weeks. Outcomes were tested pre/post-intervention with significance at α = 0.05. Both interventions yielded dependent variable outcomes that did not differ significantly except for muscle swell assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis, which decreased significantly more in the BFR-ELET condition compared with TRAD-ELET (mean ± SD: −0.32 ± 0.02, Φ° 50 kHz), CI: −0.35 to −0.28, Φ° 50 kHz, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 2.95). Our findings support BFT-ELET as an effective alternative to TRAD-ELET for enhancing strength and identify myocellular swelling as a potential mediator for strength outcomes associated with BFR training.
Short Post-warm-up Transition Times Are Required for Optimized Explosive Performance in Team Sports
Authors: Silva Luís M. , Neiva Henrique P. , Marques Mário C. , Izquierdo Mikel , Marinho Daniel A.
Published: January 2022

Silva, LM, Neiva, HP, Marques, MC, Izquierdo, M, and Marinho, DA. Short post-warm-up transition times are required for optimized explosive performance in team sports. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 1134–1140, 2022—This study aimed to compare the effect of 3 different post-warm-up transition times (3, 10, and 17 minutes) on team sports performance. A randomized crossover research design was used. Fourteen university male basketball players completed the same 10-minute warm-up followed by a transition time of 3, 10, or 17 minutes until the performance assessment. In the control condition, no warm-up was performed. The performance was measured using the repeated sprint and jump ability test. Performance variables (time, jump height, and peak power) and physiological variables (lactate and tympanic temperature) were analyzed. Moderate effects were found between conditions for the best first 12.5-m sprint (F = 1.91, p = 0.17,

= 0.13), with faster times after 3-minute transition (control: 2.51 ± 0.12 vs. 3 minutes: 2.41 ± 0.15, p = 0.02, effect size [ES] = 0.74). Jump heights were higher after transitions of 3 minutes (38.55 ± 5.07 cm, p < 0.01, ES = 0.58), 10 minutes (37.69 ± 4.92 cm, p < 0.01, ES = 0.40), and 17 minutes (37.87 ± 5.33 cm, p < 0.01, ES = 0.42) compared with the control condition (35.84 ± 4.18 cm). However, no significant differences were found between resting conditions. The warm-up caused a moderate increase in lactate and temperature compared with no activity (F = 11.90, p < 0.01,

= 0.48; F = 2.56, p = 0.07,

= 0.16, respectively), but changes from preperformance to postperformance evaluation showed no differences between experimental conditions. The results showed that the warm-up maximized the performance of explosive efforts. However, no significant differences were found between transition times. Despite a trend toward optimized explosive performances after a short post-warm-up transition time (3 minutes), further research is needed.
The OSCE in the Era of a Threat to the European Security ‒ Challenges and Prospects
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Shcherbak Igor
Published: January 2022

The article analyses the fundamental research “Multilateralism in Transition: Challenges and Opportunities for the OSCE”, prepared by a team of Swiss experts under the leadership of the renowned Swiss diplomat Thomas Greminger (the Permanent Representative of Switzerland to the OSCE, the UN and the International Organizations in Vienna). The fact that T. Greminger served as Secretary General of the OSCE from 2017 to 2020 gives added value to the research. This created a unique opportunity to combine in the research his vast experience, personal impressions from the observance of the “internal kitchen” of the Organization and his analyses of the main directions of the work of the OSCE. The research focuses on the central problems of the OSCE’s activities- preservation of the European security, prevention and regulation of conflicts, new challenges to the European security, strategic partnership of the OSCE with major international organizations, introduction of modern technologies to the operational activities of the Organization, reformation and modernization of the OSCE’ s management system and operational functions. Special attention is payed to the revitalization of the OSCE Structured Dialogue ‒ the main platform for discussions of the most important politico-military problems and confidence-building measures, exchange of information on current perceptions of threat, military capacity, de-escalation measures, best practices for the prevention and improved management of military incidents. The book contains a positive assessment of the concept of cooperative actions aimed at a collective response to the new challenges to the European security: climate change and environment destruction, impact of technology on the societies, illegal migration, pandemics, cross- border organised crime, cyber threats, nuclear security. The authors of the book consider that the collective security initiative could stimulate trust, convergence of interests of participating states and finally would improve European security through cooperation. They also bring to attention the problems of the longstanding reform of the OSCE through presentation of the ten-point reform agenda, including management reform of the OSCE Secretariat, reform of the budget cycle, information security and automating work processes. leveraging partnerships with international and regional organizations.
Contemporary Policy Challenges Identity in the EU
Authors:   Perm State National Research University, Fadeeva Lyubov
Published: January 2022

The author of the article attempts to use the theories of the European identity, memory politics, identity politics by placing them in the context of the European (international) security. The author considers it fundamentally important to pay attention not so much to the threats to European identity, but to how identity is used to legitimize foreign policy of the European Union. The article highlights such perspectives of this problem as the confrontation inside the EU on the politics of memory and identity and the justification of the EU foreign policy towards Russia by the need to protect the European identity and European values. The author uses the discourse-analysis and identity research methods. The main emphasis is placed on the competitiveness of identity politics and the possibilities of using it for political purposes, to legitimize solutions to ensure the security of the European Union and the world as a whole.
“Rapport Duclert” and France’s Responsibility for the Genocide in Rwanda
Authors:   University of Tyumen, Andreeva Anna
Published: January 2022

In March 2021 the Duclert Commission, a commission of French experts appointed by President Macron, presented their report which immediately became the subject of academic and political debates. The Report examined the French involvement in Rwandan genocide in 1994, and pointed to the major ethical, legal and political dilemmas accompanying states’ involvement into the affairs of other states. We seek to identify major topics raised by the French media in relation to the report, and how possible reconciliation between France and Rwanda was presented in French periodicals. Through post-colonial lenses to the study of states’ foreign policy, we examine how the French role in the genocide was seen in media discourses, and how the media addressed such painful questions as accepting/avoiding state responsibility for its actions. Using qualitative content-analysis, we studied articles from French media outlets Le Monde, Libération and Le Figaro in the period of late March 2021 ‒ July 2021, as well as a few randomly selected articles from other French outlets to have a more complete picture of public debates across a political spectrum. The article concludes that while the media stressed the importance of the Committee’s work for bilateral relations, still, there is no consensus in the French society over France’s responsibility for the genocide: whether acknowledging state responsibility would be a manifestation of weakness and a threat to state security, or masking of certain colonial inclinations.
Measles-Associated Severe Pneumonia in a Patient with HBeAg-Negative Chronic Hepatitis B: A Case Report
Authors: Zhao Zhangyan , Tang Haicheng , Li Feng
Published: January 2022

Background:

Every year, approximately 800,000 people die from liver diseases associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Complications outside the liver are common, such as fungal lung infections and viral infections. These complications may be associated with poor immune function, thus making clinical treatment difficult and increasing the risk of death. Therefore, HBV-infection-related liver diseases are worthy of clinical attention and further research.

Case summary:

We report a case of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in which the patient received entecavir as an anti-HBV treatment after liver dysfunction. During the treatment, the patient was diagnosed with measles and severe viral pneumonia. After comprehensive treatment, including active antiviral medications and mechanical ventilation, the patient recovered and was discharged.

Conclusion:

HBV infection causes liver damage, affects immune function, and is likely to be associated with viral infections such as measles. Consequently, infections may lead to complications, such as severe viral pneumonia, that endanger patients’ lives. To decrease complications and mortality, better understanding of the disease is necessary to enable early diagnosis.
Lyso-Lipid-Induced Oligodendrocyte Maturation Underlies Restoration of Optic Nerve Function
Authors: Valdivia Anddre Osmar , Bhattacharya Sanjoy K.
Published: January 2022

Protein hyperdeimination and deficiency of lyso-phospholipids (LPC 18:1) has been associated with the pathology of demyelinating disease in both humans and mice. We uncovered interesting biology of LPC 18:1, in which LPC 18:1 induced optic nerve function restoration through oligodendrocyte maturation and remyelination in mouse model systems. Ourin vitrostudies show LPC 18:1 protection against neuron-ectopic hyperdeimination and stimulation of oligodendrocyte maturation, whilein vivoinvestigations recorded optic nerve function improvement following optic nerve injections of LPC 18:1, in contrast with LPC 18:0. Thus, just a change in a single bond renders a dramatic alternation in biological function. The incorporation of isobaric C13-histidine in newly synthesized myelin proteins and quantitative proteome shifts are consistent with remyelination underlying restoration in optic nerve function. These results suggest that exogenous LPC 18:1 may provide a therapeutic avenue for stemming vision loss in demyelinating diseases.
Neuroimmunometabolism: A New Pathological Nexus Underlying Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Mitra Swarup , Banik Avijit , Saurabh Sumit , Maulik Malabika , Khatri Shailesh N.
Published: January 2022

Neuroimmunometabolism is an emerging field that examines the intersection of immunologic and metabolic cascades in the brain. Neuroinflammatory conditions often involve differential metabolic reprogramming in neuronal and glial cells through their immunometabolic sensors. The impact of such bioenergetic adaptation on general brain function is poorly understood, but this cross-talk becomes increasingly important in neurodegenerative disorders that exhibit reshaping of neuroimmunometabolic pathways. Here we summarize the intrinsic balance of neuroimmunometabolic substrates and sensors in the healthy brain and how their dysregulation can contribute to the pathophysiology of various neurodegenerative disorders. This review also proposes possible avenues for disease management through neuroimmunometabolic profiling and therapeutics to bridge translational gaps and guide future treatment strategies.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuroimmunometabolism intersects with neuroinflammation and immunometabolic regulation of neurons and glial cells in the CNS. There is emerging evidence that neuroimmunometabolism plays an essential role in the manifestation of CNS degeneration. This review highlights how neuroimmunometabolic homeostasis is disrupted in various neurodegenerative conditions and could be a target for new therapeutic strategies.
JOBCHANCE DEUTSCH – UČEBNICE NĚMECKÉ FIREMNÍ KOMUNIKACE PRO STŘEDNĚ POKROČILÉ
Authors: Höppnerová Věra
Published: January 2022

The paper summarizes the results of previous research on educational needs of German students at universities of economics in the Czech Republic. The new textbook of German corporate communication entitled “Jobchance Deutsch”, intended for intermediate B1 students, is based on this research. The texts it contains encourage studets to express their opinion concerning controversial topics. Grammatical phenomena are selected with regard to their frequency in professional communication. The most comprehensive section of the textbook—the exercises section—contains exercises designed for pairwork, collocation ones or lexical and phonetic ones as well as those meant to make develop students’ written expression and many others.
DEUTSCH IN DER WIRTSCHAFT (WIDAF®) – STANDARDIZOVANÁ ZKOUŠKA Z ODBORNÉHO JAZYKA SE ZAMĚŘENÍM NA HOSPODÁŘSKOU NĚMČINU NA EKONOMICKÉ FAKULTĚ TECHNICKÉ UNIVERZITY V LIBERCI (TUL)
Authors: Neumannová Helena , Vlčková Irena
Published: January 2022

The article presents various types of standardized examinations and provides more detailed information on the German in der Wirtschaft (WiDaF®) Business German examination. Based on the data obtained over a period of several years during which the WiDaF® examinations have been organized at TUL, the paper deals with the evaluation of the overall results of this examination as well as its individual parts. The data obtained are a valuable indicator of students’ knowledge as well as its deficiencies, and have been taken into account in updating the curricula.
Demetriusz z Faleronu a organizacja Musejonu w Aleksandrii
Authors: Charytoniuk Joanna
Published: January 2022

The article presents the state of research on the circumstances of the creation of the Alexandrian Mouseion, as well as confronts current opinions on the creation of the Mouseion and the Library of Alexandria with the preserved ancient sources. In particular, the theses about the key role of Demetrius of Phaleron in the organization of the Mouseion and the Library of Alexandria were critically assessed.
Pomiara włóczna Bielska sporządzona przez Stanisława Dziewałtowskiego Skoczka w 1560 r.
Authors: Sierba Michał
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the question of the Volok Reform carried out in Bielsk in Podlasie in 1560 by Stanisław Dziewiałtowski Skoczek. It is supplemented by the source edition of the note made on the basis of the register of this reform, which has not been preserved in the original. The whole is a supplement to the plan of Bielsk in 1563, together with a commentary that will be published as part of the Historical Atlas of Poland.
Локус молодежной тусовки в современной русскоязычной драме
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Maliutina Nataliia
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes how the nature of space (or place) representation in modern drama of Russian-speaking authors (L. Dukhanina, I. Vaskovskaya and D. Utkina, I. Shpritsa, Y. Tupikina) contributes to the symbolization of the processes of self-awareness and self-identification among characters. There are patterns of transformation of private and public places into a type of lifestyle that can be traced, as well as the behavior of a certain sociocultural institution – youth party. In the plays, the party is presented as a self-organizing phenomenon in which a metatheatrical scenario of the behavior of its participants is realized, and personal and collective interests create a certain model of socialization among youth groups. Real and virtual space in plays has the properties of immersive reload for the reader/viewer.
Ku wstępnej typologii ironicznych wyrazów metajęzykowych (na podstawie języka rosyjskiego i polskiego)
Authors:   Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Starodvorskaia Ekaterina
Published: January 2022

The paper is an attempt to determine the features of an ironical metalinguistic (reflexive) expressions that could be used as a criteria for these expressions typology and to present the draft of such typology. Relevant features of units studied here are provided by results of semantic, pragmatic and discourse analysis of some examples. It is shown that basic criteria include the identity of reflexive comment sender, the relations between communicative agents and the type of contradiction between the metalinguistic expression and the context (generally the utterance commented by an ironist).
Juxtaglomerular cell tumour of the kidney: a rare cause of resistant hypertension
Authors: Skarakis Nikitas S , Papadimitriou Irene , Papanastasiou Labrini , Pappa Sofia , Dimitriadi Anastasia , Glykas Ioannis , Ntoumas Konstantinos , Lampropoulou Penelope , Kounadi Theodora
Published: January 2022

Juxtaglomerular cell tumour (JGCT) is an unusually encountered clinical entity. A 33-year-old man with severe long-standing hypertension and hypokalaemia is described. The patient also suffered from polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia and severe headaches. On admission, laboratory investigation revealed hypokalaemia, kaliuresis, high aldosterone and renin levels, and the abdomen CT identified a mass of 4 cm at the right kidney. Kidney function was normal. Following nephrectomy, the histological investigation revealed the presence of a JGCT. Immunostaining was positive for CD34 as well as for smooth muscle actin and vimentin. Following surgery, a marked control of his hypertension with calcium channel blockers and normalization of the serum potassium, renin or aldosterone levels were reached. According to our findings, JGCT could be included in the differential diagnosis of secondary hypertension as it consists of a curable cause. The association of JGCT with hypertension and hypokalaemia focusing on the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation and management is herein discussed and a brief review of the existing literature is provided.

Learning points

Juxtaglomerular cell tumours (JGCT), despite their rarity, should be included in the differential diagnosis of secondary hypertension as they consist of a curable cause of hypertension.

JGCT could be presented with resistant hypertension along with hypokalaemia, kaliuresis and metabolic alkalosis. Early recognition and management can help to prevent cardiovascular complications.

Imaging (enhanced CT scans) may be considered as the primary diagnostic tool for the detection of renal or JGCT.

For the confirmation of the diagnosis, a histopathologic examination is needed.
Pitfalls and progress in adrenocortical carcinoma diagnosis: the utility of a multidisciplinary approach, immunohistochemistry and genomics
Authors: Wang Ray , Solomon Benjamin , Luen Stephen J , Prall Owen W.J. , Khoo Christine , Gill Anthony J , Lewin Jeremy , Sachithanandan Nirupa
Published: January 2022

Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare disease with poor prognosis whose clinical heterogeneity can at times present a challenge to accurate and timely diagnosis. We present the case of a patient who presented with extensive pulmonary lesions, mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy and an adrenal mass in whom the oncological diagnosis was initially uncertain. Through the use of immunohistochemistry, biochemistry and genomic testing, an accurate diagnosis of adrenocortical carcinoma was ultimately made which resulted in more directed treatment being administered. The use of multidisciplinary input and genomics to aid in diagnosis and prognosis of adrenocortical carcinoma is discussed.

Learning points

Adrenocortical carcinomas can present a diagnostic challenge to clinicians given it is a rare malignancy with significant clinical heterogeneity.

Specialist multidisciplinary team input is vital in the diagnosis and management of adrenocortical carcinomas.

Hormonal testing is recommended in the diagnostic workup of adrenal masses, even in the absence of overt clinical signs/symptoms of hormone excess.

Immunostaining for the highly sensitive and specific steroidogenic factor-1 is vital for accurate diagnosis.

Genomics can provide prognostic utility in management of adrenocortical carcinoma.
Effects of Levosimendan Preconditioning on Left Ventricular Remodeling after Myocardial Reperfusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients Receiving Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Yu Shengqin , Zhang Jindong
Published: January 2022

Objective: Levosimendan is a novel drug often used to treat heart failure. We aimed to explore the effects of levosimendan preconditioning on left ventricular remodeling (LVR) after myocardial reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients receiving the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods: A total of 258 AMI patients treated from January 2018 to September 2020 were randomly divided into control and observation groups. Based on conventional drug therapy, levosimendan was given 30 min before PCI for the observation group, and dobutamine was intravenously injected for the control group. Baseline data, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) blood flow grade, myocardial injury markers, and LVR indices were compared, and the influencing factors for LVR were analyzed.
Results: After treatment, various degrees of blood perfusion were found, and the TIMI grade was better than that before treatment in both groups (P < .05). The levels of aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase-MB, cardiac troponin T, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) declined in both groups, more significantly in the observation group (P < .05). Left ventricular end-systolic diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and left ventricular end-diastolic volume declined, whereas left ventricular ejection fraction rose in both groups, more significantly in the observation group (P < .05). Age and BNP were risk factors for LVR, whereas levosimendan preconditioning was a protective factor (P < .05).
Conclusion: Levosimendan preconditioning can protect cardiac function and promote the recovery of the left ventricular structure. Age and BNP are risk factors for LVR after myocardial reperfusion in AMI patients undergoing PCI, and levosimendan preconditioning is a protective factor.
Airijos lietuvių gimtosios kalbos atricijos požymiai žodyne
Authors:   , Vaisėtaitė Eglė
Published: January 2022

Kalbų kontaktas emigravus yra vienas iš pagrindinių veiksnių, galinčių lemti gimtosios kalbos atriciją. Disertacijos tikslas – išsiaiškinti, ar lietuvių emigrantų gimtosios kalbos žodynas patiria atriciją; jeigu taip, pažvelgti, kokie žodyno pokyčiai pastebimi, ir pateikti įžvalgų, kokie sociolingvistiniai veiksniai turi tam reikšmingos įtakos. Tiriamas Airijos lietuvių gimtosios kalbos žodynas, pasitelkiant kiekybinio ir kokybinio tyrimo metodus. Darbe aprašomas Airijos lietuvių gimtosios kalbos žodyno dydis ir jį lemiantys veiksniai, tiriamas leksinis prieinamumas stebint dvejonės žymenis, aptariamas leksinis parinkimas. Išvados daromos Airijos lietuvių rezultatus lyginant su Lietuvoje gyvenančių (neemigravusių) gimtakalbių lietuvių rezultatais. Analizė atlikta taikant aprašomosios ir išvadų statistikos metodus, naudojant R studio programą. Rezultatai rodo, kad Airijos lietuvių žodynas yra mažesnis nei Lietuvoje gyvenančių lietuvių ir skirtumas yra statistiškai reikšmingas. Be to, Airijos lietuvių kalboje pasitaiko daugiau dvejonės žymenų ir leksinis parinkimas vyksta sunkiau negu neemigravusių lietuvių kalboje, tad galima manyti, kad Airijos lietuvių K1 žodynas patiria atriciją.
Dubens funkcija, gyvenimo kokybė ir mirtingumas po dubens kaulų lūžių
Authors:   , Petryla Giedrius
Published: January 2022

Pelvic function, quality of life and mortality after pelvic fractures
“A casa torta” e a formação pedagógica: deslizando os sentidos da infância
Authors: De Lima Gleici Kelly , Ferreira Resende Mário , Nunes Sara
Published: January 2022

Este trabalho toma a obra "A Casa Torta" como ponto de injunção de três planos discursivos entorno da representação da infância. 1º, da autora, Agatha Christie, circunscrita pelas regras que regem o romance policial enquanto gênero literário. 2º, da narrativa, a criança Josephine, elevada ao estatuto de personagem conceitual, e, 3º, da experiência da leitura desse livro como possibilidade para o processo de formação em pedagogia. Propõe-se a articulação desses planos como forma de contraposição aos discursos homogeneizadores entorno da infância, como efeito de deslocamentos na produção dos sentidos. Apoiados pela Análise de Discurso Francesa, que assinala os limites das interpretações como o próprio lugar do trabalho do analista, destacamos a potência da representação da criança torta quando desconectada do erro ou do patológico, e atrelada à presença de um hiato que nos desafia a preencher com a precariedade da palavra. Nesse mesmo processo, a criança torta na educação é aquela que resiste tanto às rotinas escolares, quanto à aprendizagem, colocando-se em posição deslocada e dando a ver o processo de produção de sentidos em suas formas históricas.
Comparative Cohort Epidemiological Study of Collective Immunity against New Coronavirus Infection among Different Groups of Military Personnel
Authors: Kryukov Evgenij V. , Trishkin Dmitrij V. , Ivanov Andrej M. , Ovchinnikov Dmitrii V. , Kuzin Aleksandr A. , Lancov Evgeniy V. , Artebjakin Sergej V. , Zobov Andrej E.
Published: January 2022

Background. The need to study the population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus is due to the intensive spread of COVID-19 and the implementation of immunoprophylaxis of this infection. The identification of the features of the formation of immunoresistance in organized military collectives will allow us to predict the development of the epidemic situation, including among comparable population groups.
Aims the study of population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic against the background of specific immunoprophylaxis in organized military collectives.
Methods. According to epidemiological indications, an epidemiological study of collective immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus was conducted against the background of vaccination among cadets of military educational organizations. The study involved 497 people, divided into groups by epidemiological and vaccination history for COVID-19, blood groups and Rh factor. The assessment of the immunity intensity was carried out by the levels of class G immunoglobulins (IgG) to SARS-CoV-2 in the blood serum by the method of solid-phase enzyme immunoassay.
Results. Seroprevalence in the total sample was 92.6%. The highest rates were observed among vaccinated patients: those who were not ill and vaccinated 99.0 0.7%, those who were ill and vaccinated-100% (mean geometric antibody titers 1:2234 and 1:4399). Among the ill, unvaccinated individuals, the seroprevalence index was 84.5 3.2% (1:220). Among those who were not ill, not vaccinated 8.2 3.1% (1:113), which may indicate a hidden course of the epidemic process in the team. A negative immune response was more common (tSt = 2.01; p 0.05) in individuals A(II)Rh+ blood group. The highest proportion of maximum antibody titers (1:32001:6400) was determined in AB(IV) individuals. Rh-blood groups (tSt=2.21; p 0.05).
Conclusions. For the first time, the formation of combined immunity with the highest concentrations of specific antibodies was revealed in patients who have been ill and vaccinated has been revealed, which allows us to recommend vaccination to those who have suffered from COVID-19. The emergence of post-infectious immunity in organized groups with a latent epidemic process has been established. The relationship between the intensity of immunity with blood groups and the Rh factor was found.
Trends in Morbidity and Hospital Lethality from Neoplasms before and during the New Coronavirus Infection COVID-19
Authors: Starodubov Vladimir I. , Stupak Valerij S. , Manoshkina Elena M. , Son Irina M.
Published: January 2022

Background. Taking into account the special medical and social significance of oncological diseases, as well as taking into account that patients suffering from neoplasms are a special risk group for developing complications of coronavirus infection, it seems relevant to study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the level of morbidity and hospital lethality of patients with neoplasms.
Aims to study the trends of morbidity and hospital lethality due to neoplasms in the Russian Federation before and during the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19.
Methods. The indicators of primary and general morbidity, hospital lethality from neoplasms of the adult population were calculated on the basis of federal statistical observation data contained in reporting forms No. 12 and No. 14 of all subjects of the Russian Federation for 20152020.
Results. During the period from 2015 to 2019, an increase in the general (by 14.8%) and primary (by 4.8%) incidence of neoplasms was noted in the Russian Federation. In 2020, compared with 2019, on the contrary, the indicators of general (by 5.0%) and primary (by 17.4%) incidence of neoplasms decreased. Hospital lethality due to neoplasms also increased during 20152019, in total it increased by 19.2%, in one year (2020) hospital lethality increased by 6.6%. A similar situation has developed in all federal districts and most regions of the country.
Conclusions. The decline in the incidence of neoplasms in 2020, with their previous continuous growth, reflects the difficult situation that has developed during the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection in the healthcare of the Russian Federation. The increase in hospital lethality from neoplasms indicates a more severe course of coronavirus infection in adult patients with malignant neoplasms and a more frequent development of fatal complications in them.
Vaccination Against COVID-19: Emerging Issues and Future Prospects
Authors: Onischenko Gennadiy G. , Sizikova Tatiana E. , Lebedev Vitaliy N. , Borisevich Sergey V.
Published: January 2022

The most effective means of combating the COVID-19 pandemic s the formation of herd immunity, with the formation of an immune population to infection. Vaccination rates are continuously increasing. In early February 2021, WHO announced that the number of people vaccinated against the disease for the first time exceeded the number of infected. In early June 2021 the vaccinated number exceeded 2 billion which is more than 12 times the total number infected for the entire duration of the pandemic. The high rate of vaccination leads to the formulation of a number of questions concerning the effectiveness of vaccines currently used for mass immunization the level of herd immunity, necessary to stop the spread of the disease, the actual duration of the vaccination carried out, long-term prospects of the platforms, used in the creation of vaccines. The purpose of this paper is to substantiate reasoned answers to the questions posed.
Influence of Genetic Factors on Immunopathogenesis and Clinical Phenotypes of ANCA-associated Vasculitis
Authors: Vlasenko Natalia V. , Bulanov Nikolay M. , Moiseev Sergey V. , Semenenko Tatiana A. , Kuzin Stanislav N. , Akimkin Vasily G.
Published: January 2022

The review presents the recent data on assumed risk factors for the development of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), among which environmental factors, such as climatic, chemical, etc., are of particular interest of researchers. Controversial opinions of various authors on the role of individual causative agents of infectious diseases in the development of AAV are analyzed. The review pays special attention to scientific data on the influence of variants of the structure of genes encoding various components of the immune system on the development of the pathogenetic process of AAV. Up-to-date information on the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the course, risk of development and the likelihood of AAV recurrence is indicated, the most associated of which are genes encoding proteins of the main histocompatibility complex (HLA), a toll-like receptors (TLR`s), as well as an inhibitor of serine proteinases-alpha-antitrypsin (AAT). The analysis of scientific publications describing the molecular mechanism of the development of a pathological focus that forms the conditions for the synthesis of PR3ANCA and MPOANCA complexes characteristic of AAV has been carried out. The data of a number of foreign studies on the relationship of individual SNPs associated with the features of the course of granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis, as well as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis are presented and summarized. The review presents current AAV treatment regimens and promising directions for the development of medical care for patients.
Distribution and Abundance of Marine Mammals in the Estuarine Waters of the Piscataqua River, Maine, USA
Authors: Zoidis Ann M. , Olson Paula A. , Jefferson Thomas A. , Johnson Niccolas C. , Soucier Christian P. , Bassi Jessica H.
Published: January 2022

The estuaries and tidal rivers of the Gulf of Maine have rarely been surveyed systematically for marine mammals. We report here on three years of survey data, 2017 to 2019. This study employed a shipboard visual line-transect methodology study design, collecting data on marine mammals in the lower Piscataqua River, which is confluent with the Gulf of Maine. Marine mammal species observed most often were harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and gray seals (Halichoerus grypus), with a resulting in-water density estimate of 1.02 seals/km2 and an abundance estimate of seven harbor seals and one gray seal (CV = 19.3%) in the survey area. Seals were present in all months of the year. No live pups were detected. Harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) were also observed, but the sightings (6 harbor porpoises; 7 minke whales) did not yield enough data to estimate density or abundance. The minke whales were present during August and September 2018, concurrent with an influx of Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus), a prey species. The consistent albeit relatively low marine mammal species sightings and abundances suggest that the lower Piscataqua River is used regularly by a relatively small number of harbor and gray seals, although not for pupping, and occasionally by harbor porpoises and by foraging minke whales. This is the first study of its kind in an estuarine environment in the Gulf of Maine.
Doubly Robust Crowdsourcing
Authors: Liu Chong , Wang Yu-Xiang
Published: January 2022

Large-scale labeled dataset is the indispensable fuel that ignites the AI revolution as we see today. Most such datasets are constructed using crowdsourcing services such as Amazon Mechanical Turk which provides noisy labels from non-experts at a fair price. The sheer size of such datasets mandates that it is only feasible to collect a few labels per data point. We formulate the problem of test-time label aggregation as a statistical estimation problem of inferring the expected voting score. By imitating workers with supervised learners and using them in a doubly robust estimation framework, we prove that the variance of estimation can be substantially reduced, even if the learner is a poor approximation. Synthetic and real-world experiments show that by combining the doubly robust approach with adaptive worker/item selection rules, we often need much lower label cost to achieve nearly the same accuracy as in the ideal world where all workers label all data points.
Az országhatáron túl telepített katonai bázisok relevanciája napjainkban
Authors: Csengeri János
Published: January 2022

A publikációban bemutatásra kerül az országhatáron túli katonai bázisok létesítésének elméleti háttere, az erőkivetítés mibenléte és a hozzá kapcsolódó tevékenységek, infrastrukturális elemek, a különböző katonai bázisok általánosított fajtái, illetve a katonai bázisok létesítésekor figyelembe veendő tényezők. Az írás rámutat, hogy a technikai fejlődés ellenére továbbra is, napjainkban és a jövő konfliktusaiban jelentős szerepük lesz a távoli, országhatáron túl telepített bázisoknak, katonai erőnek a nemzetek érdekérvényesítésében. A tanulmány releváns, ugyanis Magyarország a jelenben, valamint a jövőben talán még inkább helyszínt ad a Szövetség, esetleg az Amerikai Egyesült Államok bázis-struktúrájának, továbbá a rendszerváltás óta hazánk is rendszeresen (folyamatosan) jelen van az ország határán túl katonai erővel.
Földrengések következményeként várható sérültek és halottak számának becslése – 1. rész
Authors: Hábermayer Tamás , Muhoray Árpád
Published: January 2022

A földrengések epicentruma és erőssége determinálja a várható emberi veszteségeket. Ha sűrűn lakott területen történik a természeti katasztrófa, akkor akár a kisebb rengések is jelentős számú sérültet és halottat eredményezhetnek. Ha az esemény középpontja a településektől távol helyezkedik el, akkor viszont az erősebb rengéseknek sem biztos, hogy számottevő lesz a kihatása. A sérültek és halottak, mentendő személyek becslése fontos információ a katasztrófavédelmi műveletek és a mentőerők létszámának megtervezése szempontjából. A cikkben a szerzők vizsgálják, hogy vajon hogyan számszerűsíthetőek a várható veszteségek földrengések során.
E-Learning System Development: Challenges and Threats in the Digital Economy
Authors: Derevtsova Irina , Kartapoltseva Maria , Snitsareva Polina , Sych Sofia
Published: January 2022

In the context of the digital transformation of all socio-economic processes of society and the complex situation with «live» communication (as a result of the coronavirus pandemic), in Russia and other countries of the world, the problem of organizing an effective e-learning system at all levels of education is first on the agenda. In the Russian Federation, the solution to this problem is currently being exacerbated by the digital inequality of territories that has developed for various reasons. This situation is explained by many factors, including the level of availability of high-speed Internet, the level of digitalization of the local telephone network, the cost of IT services in various regions of our country. The article identified the current problems of the modern system of electronic (distance) education in the Russian Federation, revealed the impact of these problems on the practice of digital learning, examined the challenges and threats of implementing the e-learning system in practice, including those related to the digital inequality of Russian territories. The authors presented an analysis of statistical data that characterize the level of students’ access to broadband internet in various regions of Russia, which is required for the normal functioning of modern educational platforms. As a result of the analysis, the authors of the article formulated proposals to reduce the risks of distance education, as well as possible ways of its improvement.
Customs Benefits: Mechanism of Establishment and Practice in the Application
Authors: Orlova Elena , Zavyalova Ekaterina
Published: January 2022

In the current context national goals in the field of economy are associated with further strengthening the competitiveness of Russian products on world markets, supporting national producers, stimulating investment activity. One of the conditions for their implementation is the application of regulation of foreign trade activities through the granting of benefits. The purpose of this article is to analyze and systematize the existing customs privileges within the framework of supranational and national legislation. A competent and transparent organization of system customs benefits allows not only foreign trade participants to save financial resources, but also to increase the investment attractiveness of the state. In the process of studying the EAEU legislation for customs privileges, it was revealed that different types of benefits are established by various regulatory legal acts; there is no understandable and clearly built system. The existing customs privileges are systematized and the basic rules for their application are described in the article. The content of each type of customs benefits has been disclosed. The analysis of the customs benefits in the Russian Federation during various periods of integration was carried out.
Keywords. Customs regulation, customs benefits, preferences, customs payments, tariff privileges.
Correction of Convicts in Operational, Educational and Psychological Work of Penitentiary System
Authors: Izakson Raisa , Pak Ivan
Published: January 2022

The article deals with the ways to achieve the goal of the penal legislation — the correction of convicts — from the point of view of educational, psychological and operational work. The authors prove their findings by providing statistics for 2020. The authors pay attention to the fact that the main goal of a penitentiary system is to correct a convict. If so, then failure in achieving this goal only leads to the isolation of the criminogenic subject from society for a certain period of time, but after leaving places of imprisonment, people commit crimes again.
Due to the fact that convicts have changed over the past few decades, the authorized bodies and officials need to work precisely in accordance with the characteristics of the “today's” convict. Thus, the most common crimes leading to imprisonment nowadays are various types of theft and injury as well as drugs and psychotropic substances trafficking. The authors attempted to outline some topical issues in operational, educational and psychological work of the penal system bodies.
The Prevention of Repeated Crimes in the Modern Society
Authors: Struganov Sergey , Polunin Viktor , Barkalov Sergey
Published: January 2022

Currently, much attention is paid to the prevention of recidivism in the modern society in the whole world. This problem is the most topical and relevant, because the process of criminalization of our society has been developed widely in the world, which, together with the process of preventing recidivism, takes a key place in the productive activity of decriminalization. The need for preventive work in the sphere of recidivism allows us to stable the general situation in the society, carry out various economic reforms, increase moral and psychological values and other factors that help influence positively the criminological situation. The article considers possible ways to solve this issue at the legislative level, as well as the practical activities of foreign countries to solve this problem. The results of the study allow us to show that the prevention of recidivism nowadays plays an important role in the decriminalization of the entire world community, which needs a comprehensive system of social rehabilitation of released persons from prisons in order to keep them from committing a repeated crime.
Criminological Security as the Ideological Basis of the Theory and Practice of Counteracting Crime
Authors: Boskholov Sergey
Published: January 2022

This work aims mainly at presenting the basic concepts of criminological security in the note form, which is reasonably evaluated as a complex scientific category and a real social phenomenon in criminology. Criminological security is considered to be the ideological basis and concept of the modern Russian criminal policy, made to set a new and truly humanistic vector for the development of the theory and practice of counteracting crime. The author believes that the development of the theoretical concepts of the criminological security has led to the emergence of a separate direction within the framework of national security — criminological security, which is structurally a part of the state and public security.
The article defines criminological security and characterizes its functions, analyzes internal and external threats to criminological security. The idea that criminological security has formed into a private criminological theory and is an important component of the national security is proved.
The indicators and trends of crime for the period from 1991 to 2020 are given.