bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coordenação do cuidado e ordenação nas redes de atenção pela Atenção Primária à Saúde – uma proposta de itens para avaliação destes atributos
Authors: Chueiri Patricia Sampaio , Harzheim Erno , Takeda Silvia Maristela Pasa
Published: August 2017

Introdução: A formação de redes de atenção à saúde (RAS) tem se mostrado como uma forma de organização de sistemas de saúde eficaz para responder a alguns dos atuais desafios epidemiológicos e estruturais destes sistemas. O Brasil vem caminhando para a regionalização e a conformação de redes de atenção à saúde. A fim de avaliar o desenvolvimento das RAS, propõe-se um conjunto de itens para inferir dois dos atributos das redes: a coordenação do cuidado individual e a ordenação das RAS pela Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: Utilizou-se o Método Delphi, composto pelas seguintes etapas: definição inicial dos itens a serem avaliados e composição do grupo de experts, realização de quatro rodadas do Delphi e avaliação dos resultados. Resultados: O produto final foi uma lista de 69 itens, destes, 59 questões atingiram estabilidade de opinião entre os experts e podem ser divididas em: um grupo de 44 itens que atingiram grau de consenso alto entre os experts para inclusão do item na lista final; um grupo de 12 itens que atingiram grau de consenso intermediário; e um grupo de 3 itens que atingiram grau de consenso baixo. A construção desta proposta de itens para avaliação das RAS tem por intuito central colaborar com as pesquisas relacionadas às avaliações sistêmicas dos serviços de saúde.
Processo de trabalho entre a Equipe de Atenção Básica e o Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família
Authors: Da Silva Isabelle Cristina Borba , Da Silva Laís Alves Bernardino , E Lima Reíza Stéfany de Araújo , Rodrigues Jailson Alberto , Valença Ana Maria Gondim , Sampaio Juliana
Published: August 2017

O Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF) atua conjuntamente às Equipes da Atenção Básica (EqAB), sendo importante compreender o processo de trabalho entre essas equipes e o planejamento das ações conjuntas. Objetivo: Analisar, na Paraíba, a organização do processo de trabalho entre o NASF e as EqAB quanto ao acesso destas às equipes NASF e ao planejamento das ações conjuntas. Métodos: Estudo descritivo de recorte transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram obtidos do 2º Ciclo de Avaliação Externa do PMAQ-AB, realizado na Paraíba, e analisados descritivamente pelo software IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0. Resultados: 75,9% das EqAB articularam ações conjuntas com o NASF, no início das atividades de apoio; dentre essas, 85,0% conhece o cronograma de atividades do NASF. Quanto ao acesso, o tempo de atendimento à solicitação de apoio pela EqAB é avaliado positivamente por 81,1% dos respondentes e o compartilhamento de casos ocorre em sua maioria por escrito (70,6%), pelo agendamento direto de consultas para o profissional do NASF (54,9%) e em discussão de casos (54,3%). Conclusão: Há, entre as EqAB e equipe NASF, um planejamento inicial de ações conjuntas, definição de atribuições e de critérios de fluxo/encaminhamento, mas o planejamento dinâmico tende a ser menos frequente. Quanto ao acesso, há satisfação das EqAB com o apoio que recebem do NASF, mas predominam o encaminhamento por escrito e o agendamento direto como forma de compartilhamento de casos entre as equipes; a satisfação pode estar associada à divisão das demandas na AB.
Ubiquitination-dependent control of sexual differentiation in fission yeast
Authors: Simonetti Fabrizio , Candelli Tito , Leon Sebastien , Libri Domenico , Rougemaille Mathieu
Published: August 2017

In fission yeast, meiosis-specific transcripts are selectively eliminated during vegetative growth by the combined action of the YTH-family RNA-binding protein Mmi1 and the nuclear exosome. Upon nutritional starvation, the master regulator of meiosis Mei2 inactivates Mmi1, thereby allowing expression of the meiotic program. Here, we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit Not4/Mot2 of the evolutionarily conserved Ccr4-Not complex, which associates with Mmi1, promotes suppression of meiotic transcripts expression in mitotic cells. Our analyses suggest that Mot2 directs ubiquitination of Mei2 to preserve the activity of Mmi1 during vegetative growth. Importantly, Mot2 is not involved in the constitutive pathway of Mei2 turnover, but rather plays a regulatory role to limit its accumulation or inhibit its function. We propose that Mmi1 recruits the Ccr4-Not complex to counteract its own inhibitor Mei2, thereby locking the system in a stable state that ensures the repression of the meiotic program by Mmi1.
Explanation and Analysis of the Reasons of Occurring Sedition in Kalila and Dimna
Authors: HosseinAli Kennedy Mehdi Ebrahimi , Gozashti Mohammadali
Published: August 2017

Sedition is one of the political and social disorders in humankind societies. In case of occurring sedition, a society will involve in not only disturbance and chaos, but also it is possible to destroy the political system, so this factor is considered as severe threaten from creation and forming the political systems up to now.Most of the scientists considered the valuable book of Kalila and Dimna as political constitution which was written by Nasrollah Monshi and this important factor was expressed in different dimensions as evidenced by this statement.In this Article, it is attempted to be involved in explanation and analysis of the reasons of occurring the sedition such as jealousy, greed and avidity, aversion, pride and revenge in Kalila and Dimna.
Exploring the Causes of Listening Comprehension Anxiety from EFL Saudi Learners’ Perspectives: A Pilot Study
Authors: Otair Ibrahim , Abd Aziz Noor Hashima
Published: August 2017

Anxiety is an important factor in foreign language learning. Very few studies have been done on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Saudi students in listening classes. Therefore, this pilot study was aimed at exploring the causes of listening comprehension anxiety from EFL Saudi learners’ perspectives at Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia. The pilot study involved two students who were selected based on the following criteria: 1) Only Saudi male undergraduate students who enrolled in Preparatory Year Program (PYP) at Majmaah University would be involved in this study, 2) The students who had studied or lived in native English speaking countries would be excluded. The researcher used pseudonyms to refer to the participants as Mohammad and Ismail. This study employed a qualitative case study research design. The data were collected through Semi-structured interviews with the participants. The interview sessions were audiotaped and transcribed. The results show that the participants experienced a high level of anxiety when doing the listening comprehension tasks. Three main causes of listening comprehension anxiety emerged from this study: 1) the problematic nature of listening comprehension, 2) the classroom atmosphere, and 3) the low English proficiency of the students.
Narrativity in The Thousand and One Nights
Authors: Nayebpour Karam
Published: August 2017

Scheherazade’s art of storytelling is the main vehicle for the fictional worldmaking in The Thousand and One Nights. The overall structure of the folktale narrative depends on the tales she recounts to King Shahriyar, and it is through these tales that she finally is able to change his mind. The richness of the narrative qualities, properties, and techniques in The Thousand and One Nights has attracted narrative scholars and narratologists for a long time. Besides applying the frame narrative as a basic narrative technique for storytelling practices, Scheherazade’s tales include many other narrative aspects, including narrativity-affecting features. Narrativity generally refers to the qualities and features that cause a narrative to be accepted or evaluated as a (prototype) narrative. This paper argues that Scheherazade’s first tale for the king Shahryar, “The Tale of the Merchant and the Ifrit,” includes some narrativity-affecting features which have the potential to inspire its narratee’s, Shahryar’s, emotional and cognitive responses, and hence facilitate his transportation into the storyworld. By capturing his interest with her art of storytelling, Scheherazade is able to avert the king’s heinous crime against herself.
The extracellular vesicles secreted by lung cancer cells in radiation therapy promote endothelial cell angiogenesis by transferring miR-23a
Authors: Zheng Yongfa , Liu Liang , Chen Cong , Ming Pingpo , Huang Qin , Li Changhu , Cao Dedong , Xu Ximing , Ge Wei
Published: August 2017

Angiogenesis is an important factor contributing to the radioresistance of lung cancer. However, the associated mechanisms underlying radiotherapy-induced pro-angiogenesis are unclear. Here, we demonstrated that Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from cultured cells in vitro enhanced HUVEC proliferation and migration, and the enhancement effect became more obvious when HUVECs were treated with EV derived from A549 or H1299, two lung cancer cell lines. Additionally, the pro-angiogenesis effect induced by EV could be strengthened when the lung cancer cells were exposed to X-ray irradiation. Furthermore, we verified that the downregulation of PTEN plays a vital role in this process. By evaluating the changes in the levels of microRNAs(miRNAs) targeting PTEN in EV, we found that miR-23a was significantly upregulated and mediated a decrease in PTEN. A luciferase reporter gene transfer experiment demonstrated that PTEN was the direct target of miR-23a, and the kinetics of PTEN expression were opposite to those of miR-23a. Our results show that the miR-23a/PTEN pathway plays an important role in EV-induced angiogenesis. These findings implicate the miR-23a/PTEN axis as a novel therapeutic target for lung cancer radiotherapy.
Fluctuating selection across years and phenotypic variation in food-deceptive orchids
Authors: Scopece Giovanni , Juillet Nicolas , Lexer Christian , Cozzolino Salvatore
Published: August 2017

Nectarless flowers that deceive pollinators offer an opportunity to study asymmetric plant-insect interactions. Orchids are a widely used model for studying these interactions because they encompass several thousand species adopting deceptive pollination systems. High levels of intra-specific phenotypic variation have been reported in deceptive orchids, suggesting a reduced consistency of pollinator-mediated selection on their floral traits. Nevertheless, several studies report on widespread directional selection mediated by pollinators even in these deceptive orchids. In this study we test the hypothesis that the observed selection can fluctuate across years in strength and direction thus likely contributing to the phenotypic variability of this orchid group. We performed a three-year study estimating selection differentials and selection gradients for nine phenotypic traits involved in insect attraction in two Mediterranean orchid species, namelyOrchis masculaandO. pauciflora, both relying on a well-described food-deceptive pollination strategy. We found weak directional selection and marginally significant selection gradients in the two investigated species with significant intra-specific differences in selection differentials across years. Our data do not link this variation with a specific environmental cause, but our results suggest that pollinator-mediated selection in food-deceptive orchids can change in strength and in direction over time. In perennial plants, such as orchids, different selection differentials in the same populations in different flowering seasons can contribute to the maintenance of phenotypic variation often reported in deceptive orchids.
New record of Hafoguignardiu irritans (Sphaeriales, Ascomycetes) for the mexican pacific coast
Authors: Aguilar-Rosas R
Published: August 2017

Haloguignardia irritans (Setchell et Estee in Estee) Cribb and Cribb 1956, a parasitic ascomycete fungi formerly known only for California, USA, is reported for the first time for the west coast of Baja California, Mexico. Galls or tumor-like growths were found in lower parts of the brown algae Halidrys dioica Gardner. Ecological and morphological observations are included and the geographic distribution of this algicolous fungi along the North American Pacific coast is discussed.
Gonadal cycle of Pteria sterna (>Gould, 1851) (Mollusca, Bivalvia) in Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Díaz AH , Bückle-Ramirez LF
Published: August 2017

Histological analyses were conducted on 376 organisms of Pteria sterna obtained from an experimental raft located in the Bay of los Angeles, Baja California, Mexico. From August 1987 to August 1988, seven bimonthly samplings were made that covered animals from two to fourteen months of age. We propose a gonadal cycle with seven maturity phases and a histological scale of sexual maturity with nine conspicuous stages. The age of first maturity occurred in the females in October and in the males in December. Based on the observations, it is concluded that the population of P. sterna, settled on the experimental raft in August 1987, spawned continuously, with peaks in December, February and August.
Seasonal biomass variation of Chondracanthus canaliculatus (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) associated with environmental factors, using a principal components analysis
Authors: Ballesteros-Grijalva G , Zertuche-Gonzalez JA , García-Lepe MG
Published: August 2017

Associations between biomass (dry weight) of Chondracanthus canaliculatus (Harvey) Guiry and atmospheric and seawater temperature, wave energy and hours of tidal emersion were determined using a principal components analysis. Bimonthly samples of C. canaliculatus biomass were collected from November 1988 to November 1989, Chondracanthus canaliculatus biomass had a marked seasonal cycle, with maximum values of biomass in summer (670 g m–2) and minimum in winter (126 g m–2). The principal components analysis showed that high biomass (grater than 543 g m–2) was associated with high atmospheric temperatures (greater than 21.4ºC) and low wave energy (less than 95.7 cm). Low biomass (less than 323 g m–2) was associated with low atmospheric temperatures (less than 17.2ºC) and tidal emersion between 81.5 and 109 h. Medium biomass values (323-543 g m–2) were associated with high water temperatures (grater than 16ºC).
Size structure and reproduction of Gefidium robusturn (Rhodophyta) in the central part of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico
Authors: Espinoza-Avalos J
Published: August 2017

The size structure and reproduction of Gelidium robustum were studied at Punta San Hipólito at 6 m depth, and at Isla Natividad at 8 and I5 m depth. Both sites are located on the Pacific coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico. Vegetative reproduction was greater, but average frond size was smaller at the two shallow sites than at 15 m. The degree of reproduction by sporophytes was directly related to frond size and occurred year-round. Tetrasporic fronds outnumbered carposporic ones. Carposporic fronds were less abundant at 15 m depth than at 6 and 8 m, and were shorter, on average, than tetrasporic fronds at all sites. The minimum reproductive size was also smaller for carposporic fronds than for tetrasporic fronds. The minimum reproductive size of tetrasporic fronds was smaller at Punta San Hipolito (7.4 cm), followed by Isla Natividad 8-m fronds (16.5 cm) and Isla Natividad 15-m fronds (22.8 cm). It is thought that maintaining the rhizoidal part of a plant with the associated juvenile fronds (less than IO cm in length) is very important for the recovery of a bed after harvesting.
The Fatty Acid Profile Of Sparus Aurata Larvae Is Correlated To The Composition Of The Enrichment Diets Of Brachionus Plicatilis And Artemia sp
Authors: Posau-Ferreira P. , Cairrao F. , Nery F. , Narciso L.
Published: August 2017

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto del enriquecimiento de rotíferos (Brachionus plicatilis) y camarones de salina (Artemia sp.) con diferentes emulsiones comerciales y microalgas sobre la composición de los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (PUFA) de larvas de pargo dorado, Sparus aurata. Se alimentaron los rotíferos con cuatro dietas de enriquecimiento (Chlorella sp. marino y tres emulsiones comerciales: Algal RotíferoMR, FrippakMR Booster y SelcoMR). Se realizó el enriquecimiento de Artemiu sp. (Artemia SystemsMR, tipo AF) con nauplios instar I a una densidad de 250-300 nauplios/ml en estanques cónicos de 20 l, usando dos emulsiones comerciales (TrofficMR y SelcoMR) y una microalga (Chlorella sp.). A pesar de que el método de enriquecimiento parece ser eficiente para incorporar el tratamiento de ácidos grasos en las larvas, los resultados muestran que las presas enriquecidas tuvieron una deficiencia de PUPA n-3 y que posiblemente no aportan los requisitos alimenticios de las larvas de pargo dorado.

The objective of the present work was to determine the effect of the enrichment of rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) and brine shrimp (Artemia sp.) with different commercial emulsions and microalgae on polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition of gilthead sea bream larvae. Sparus aurata. Rotifers were fed four enrichment diets (marine Chlorella sp., and three commercial emulsions: Algal RotíferoTM, FrippakrTM booster and SelcoTM). The enrichment of Artemia sp. (Artemia SystemsTM, AF type) was carried out with instar 1 nauplii at a density of 250-300 nauplii/ml in 20-l conical tanks, using two commercial emulsions (TrofficTM and SelcoTM) and a microalgae (Chlorelia sp.). The results showed that enriched preys were deficient in PUFA n-3 and may not provide the nutritional requirements of sea bream larvae, although the enrichment methodology seems to be efficient in order to incorporate in the larvae the fatty acid treatment.
Daily zooplankton grazing rates off the coast of baja california
Authors: Lara-Lara J.R. , Matus-Hernandez M.E.
Published: August 2017

Durante el verano de 1990, se generó una serie de tiempo de 15 días (14 al 28 de julio) de tasas diarias de pastoreo, por el método del cambio en la concentración de clorofila a, para la fracción del macrozooplancton (>200 um) en una estación en la costa de Baja California, México. La columna de agua presentó condiciones hidrográficas estables. Los copépodos y eufáusidos fueron las poblaciones más abundantes dentro del zooplancton. En general, las tasas de pastoreo (0 a 2.5 d-1) y filtración (0 a 8.8 ml erg-1 d-1) fueron del mismo orden de magnitud que las reportadas previamente. El macrozooplancton consumió alrededor del 25% del titoplancton disponible. Las tasas de filtración y pastoreo presentaron una gran variabilidad de día a día (mayor que l00%). Es, por tanto, recomendable la realización de series de tiempo de al menos 7 a 10 días, para tener una mejor comprensión de la presión de los consumidores sobre las poblaciones del fitoplancton.

During the summer of 1990, a 15-day (14 to 28 July) time series was generated to measure the daily grazing rates of macrozooplankton (>200 um), studying the changes in the chlorophyll a concentration at a station on the coast of Baja California, Mexico. The water column showed stable hydrographic conditions. Copepods and euphasiids were the most abundant organisms within the macrozooplankton populations. In general, grazing (0 to 2.5 d-|00E2|??) and filtration (0 to 8.8 ml erg-1 d-1) rates were of the same order of magnitude as values previously reported. Overall phytoplankton consumption by the macrozooplankton was about 25%. Grazing and filtration rates showed great variability from day to day (greater than l00%). It would, therefore, be advisable to generate time series studies of at least 7 to 10 days, in order to arrive at a better understanding of the zooplankton pressure on the phytoplankton populations.
Spatial wave behavior analysis in todos santos bay, baja california, by means of images of the sea surface
Authors: Meillon-Menchaca O. , Alvarez-Borrego J.
Published: August 2017

La relación que existe entre el espectro direccional del oleaje y el patrón de difracción óptico o digital de una imagen de la superficie del mar es un hecho ya conocido. Barber (1954) mostró que la direccionalidad del oleaje puede ser estimada del patrón de difracción de una imagen fotográfica. Este trabajo presenta el análisis de imágenes aéreas de la superficie marina. En cada imagen se obtuvo el patrón de difracción o espectro de potencia para determinar su espectro direccional. La técnica aplicada a imágenes de la superficie marina, obtenidas el 12 de mayo de 1993, muestra que el oleaje presentó una dirección predominante hacia los 65ºN, así como la procedencia de éste, en un intervalo de los 250ºSO. Las longitudes de onda de 200 a 12 m fueron las más frecuentemente encontradas. Dentro de este artículo, se describe en detalle la implementación y el diseño del sistema fotográfico utilizado. Se concluye y discute sobre la aplicabilidad, las limitaciones, así como el potencial que el método tiene en la oceanografía.

The relationship between the directional spectrum of sea surface waves and the optical or digital diffraction pattern is well established. Barber (1954) proved that the wave direction can be estimated from the diffraction pattern of a photographic image. This work presents the analysis of aerial sea surface images. The diffraction pattern or power spectrum of each image was obtained to determine the directional spectrum. The technique applied to the sea surface images obtained 12 May, 1993 showed that the waves presented a predominant direction to 65ºN and an origin in the 250ºSW range. The 200 to 12 m wavelengths were the most frequently found. The implementation and design of the photographic system is described in this paper. We discuss its applicability and limitations, as well as the potential this method has in oceanography.
Nesting of water birds in ensenada de la paz, baja california sur, mexico (1992-1994)
Authors: Becerril-M. F. , Carmona R.
Published: August 2017

Se registra la anidación de aves acuáticas en la Ensenada de La Paz, de 1992 a 1994. Se contabilizaron 13 especies anidantes: Ardea herodias, Bubulcus ibis, Egretta rufescens, E. thula, E. tricolor, E. caerulea, Nyctanassa violacea, Nycticorax nycticorax, Eudocimus albus, Butorides striatus, Rallus limicola, Charardius wilsonia y Sterna antillarum. Los lugares más importantes para la anidación fueron los manglares El Conchalito y CETMAR, donde se registraron 11 especies. Se observó una disminución paulatina del número de nidos de varias especies.

Water birds nesting in Ensenada de La Paz were recorded from 1992 to 1994. Thirteen nesting species were observed: Ardea herodias, Bubulcus ibis, Egretta rufescens, E. thula, E. tricolor, E. caerulen, Nyctanassa violacea, Nycticorax nycticorax, Eudocimus albus, Butorides striatus, Rallus limicola, Charardius wilsonia and Sterna antillarum. The most important nesting sites were the mangrove forests of El Conchalito and CETMAR, where 11 species were recorded. A gradual decrease in the number of nests of several species was observed.
Characterization of the structure and cross‐shore transport properties of a coastal upwelling filament using three‐dimensional finite‐size Lyapunov exponents
Authors: Bettencourt João H. , Rossi Vincent , Hernández‐García Emilio , Marta‐Almeida Martinho , López Cristóbal
Published: August 2017

The three‐dimensional structure, dynamics, and dispersion characteristics of a simulated upwelling filament in the Iberian upwelling system are analyzed using Lagrangian tools. We used a realistic regional simulation of the western Iberian shelf which is concomitant with an in situ oceanographic campaign that surveyed the area. We compute 3‐D fields of finite‐size Lyapunov exponents (FSLE) from 3‐D velocity fields and extract the field's ridges to study the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of the Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCSs) evolving around the filament. We find that the most intense curtain‐like LCSs delimit the boundaries of the whole filamentary structure whose general properties match well the observations. The filament interior is characterized by small dispersion of fluid elements. Furthermore, we identify a weak LCS separating the filament into a warmer vein and a colder filament associated with the interaction of a mesoscale eddy with the upwelling front. The cold upwelled water parcels move along the filament conserving their density. The filament itself is characterized by small dispersion of fluid elements in its interior. The comparison of LCSs with potential temperature and salinity gradient fields shows that the outer limits of the filament coincide with regions of large hydrographic gradients, similar to those observed, explaining the isolation of the interior of the filament with the surrounding waters. We conclude that the Lagrangian analysis used in this work is useful in explaining the dynamics of cross‐shore exchanges of materials between coastal regions and the open ocean due to mesoscale processes.
Thermohaline staircases in the Amundsen Basin: Possible disruption by shear and mixing
Authors: Guthrie John D. , Fer Ilker , Morison James H.
Published: August 2017

As part of the 2013 and 2014 North Pole Environmental Observatories (NPEO) in the Amundsen Basin of the Arctic Ocean, two similar temperature microstructure experiments were performed with different results. In 2013, vertical fluxes were through a thermohaline staircase, and in 2014, the thermohaline staircase was largely absent. Here we investigate the reasons for this difference. The 2013 data set was characterized by an extensive thermohaline staircase, indicative of the diffusive convective type of double diffusion (DC), from 120 to 250 m depths. The staircase was absent above 200 m in 2014, even though analysis of density ratio, Rρ, still shows high susceptibility to DDC. In the depth range of interest, survey‐averaged Rρ = 3.8 in 2013 and Rρ = 3.6 in 2014, indicating that the temperature‐salinity structure in the pycnocline was not the cause of the lack of a staircase in 2014. We propose that exceptionally weak turbulent mixing, even for the typically quiescent Arctic Ocean, allowed formation of the staircase in 2013. Average thermal diffusivity, KT, between 50 and 120 m is elevated in 2014, 2 × 10−5 m2 s−1, compared to 2013, 1 × 10−6 m2 s−1. However, vertical Atlantic Water (AW) DC heat fluxes in 2013 are remarkably consistent with turbulent heat fluxes in 2014. Similar data sets collected in 2007 and 2008 both resemble 2014, showing consistently higher mixing values compared to 2013. The suppression of turbulence during NPEO 2013 resulted from increased near‐surface stratification, possibly caused by a different large‐scale circulation pattern that year.
Late‐summer biogeochemistry in the Mertz Polynya: East Antarctica
Authors: Shadwick E. H. , Tilbrook B. , Currie K. I.
Published: August 2017

A marked reconfiguration of the Mertz Polynya following the 2010 calving of the Mertz Glacier Tongue has been associated with a decrease in the size and activity of the polynya. We report observations of the oceanic carbonate (CO2) system in late‐summer 2013, the third post‐calving summer season. Estimates of seasonal net community production (NCP) based on inorganic carbon deficits and the oxygen‐argon ratio indicate that the waters on the shelf to the east of Commonwealth Bay (adjacent to the Mertz Glacier) remain productive compared to pre‐calving conditions. The input of residual or excess alkalinity from melting sea ice is found to contribute to the seasonal enhancement of carbonate saturation state and pH in shelf waters. Mean rates of NCP in 2012–2013 are more than twice as large as those observed in the pre‐calving summers of 2001 and 2008 and suggest that the new (post‐calving) configuration of the polynya favors enhanced net community production and a stronger surface ocean sink for atmospheric CO2 due at least in part to the redistribution of sea ice and associated changes in summer surface stratification.
The origins of the anomalous warming in the California coastal ocean and San Francisco Bay during 2014–2016
Authors: Chao Yi , Farrara John D. , Bjorkstedt Eric , Chai Fei , Chavez Francisco , Rudnick Daniel L. , Enright Wendy , Fisher Jennifer L. , Peterson William T. , Welch Gregory F. , Davis Curtiss O. , Dugdale Richard C. , Wilkerson Frances P. , Zhang Hongchun , Zhang Yinglong , Ateljevich Eli
Published: August 2017

During 2014 exceptionally warm water temperatures developed across a wide area off the California coast and within San Francisco Bay (SFB) and persisted into 2016. Observations and numerical model output are used to document this warming and determine its origins. The coastal warming was mostly confined to the upper 100 m of the ocean and was manifested strongly in the two leading modes of upper ocean (0–100 m) temperature variability in the extratropical eastern Pacific. Observations suggest that the coastal warming in 2014 propagated into nearshore regions from the west while later indicating a warming influence that propagated from south to north into the region associated with the 2015–2016 El Niño event. An analysis of the upper ocean (0–100 m) heat budget in a Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) simulation confirmed this scenario. The results from a set of sensitivity runs with the model in which the lateral boundary conditions varied supported the conclusions drawn from the heat budget analysis. Concerning the warming in the SFB, an examination of the observations and the heat budget in an unstructured‐grid numerical model simulation suggested that the warming during the second half of 2014 and early 2016 originated in the adjacent California coastal ocean and propagated through the Golden Gate into the Bay. The finding that the coastal and Bay warming are due to the relatively slow propagation of signals from remote sources raises the possibility that such warming events may be predictable many months or even several seasons in advance.
Effects of Cu on Microstructures, Mechanical, and Magnetic Properties of Fe–Ni–P Alloys Fabricated by Liquid Phase Sintering
Authors: Jiang Runjian , Hu Yang , Cui Guodong , Zhang Chengsong , Li Ai
Published: August 2017

The Fe–Ni–P–Cu alloys with different copper content (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 wt%) are fabricated by liquid phase sintering (LPS) at 950 °C. The nano‐Cu powder is mechanically mixed for 90 min with Fe–Ni–P composite powder using the ethanol as the medium. The microstructure, microhardness and compressive properties of Fe–Ni–P–Cu alloys are investigated. The results indicate that the copper is beneficial to improve the mechanical properties of sintered specimens. The sample contains a small amount of γ‐(Fe, Ni) phase when the copper content is 1 wt%, which results in its the highest compressive yield strength (948.1 MPa). The highest microhardness of 371 HV is accessible in Fe–Ni–P–Cu alloy with 2 wt% Cu. The fracture surface analysis indicates that sintered specimens with Cu addition exhibit a typical intergranular mode.
Ultralow Thermal Conductivity of Single‐Crystalline Porous Silicon Nanowires
Authors: Zhao Yunshan , Yang Lina , Kong Lingyu , Nai Mui Hoon , Liu Dan , Wu Jing , Liu Yi , Chiam Sing Yang , Chim Wai Kin , Lim Chwee Teck , Li Baowen , Thong John T. L. , Hippalgaonkar Kedar
Published: August 2017

Porous materials provide a large surface‐to‐volume ratio, thereby providing a knob to alter fundamental properties in unprecedented ways. In thermal transport, porous nanomaterials can reduce thermal conductivity by not only enhancing phonon scattering from the boundaries of the pores and therefore decreasing the phonon mean free path, but also by reducing the phonon group velocity. Herein, a structure–property relationship is established by measuring the porosity and thermal conductivity of individual electrolessly etched single‐crystalline silicon nanowires using a novel electron‐beam heating technique. Such porous silicon nanowires exhibit extremely low diffusive thermal conductivity (as low as 0.33 W m−1 K−1 at 300 K for 43% porosity), even lower than that of amorphous silicon. The origin of such ultralow thermal conductivity is understood as a reduction in the phonon group velocity, experimentally verified by measuring the Young's modulus, as well as the smallest structural size ever reported in crystalline silicon (<5 nm). Molecular dynamics simulations support the observation of a drastic reduction in thermal conductivity of silicon nanowires as a function of porosity. Such porous materials provide an intriguing platform to tune phonon transport, which can be useful in the design of functional materials toward electronics and nanoelectromechanical systems.
Rational Design of Glucose‐Responsive Insulin Using Pharmacokinetic Modeling
Authors: Bakh Naveed A. , Bisker Gili , Lee Michael A. , Gong Xun , Strano Michael S.
Published: August 2017

A glucose responsive insulin (GRI) is a therapeutic that modulates its potency, concentration, or dosing of insulin in relation to a patient's dynamic glucose concentration, thereby approximating aspects of a normally functioning pancreas. Current GRI design lacks a theoretical basis on which to base fundamental design parameters such as glucose reactivity, dissociation constant or potency, and in vivo efficacy. In this work, an approach to mathematically model the relevant parameter space for effective GRIs is induced, and design rules for linking GRI performance to therapeutic benefit are developed. Well‐developed pharmacokinetic models of human glucose and insulin metabolism coupled to a kinetic model representation of a freely circulating GRI are used to determine the desired kinetic parameters and dosing for optimal glycemic control. The model examines a subcutaneous dose of GRI with kinetic parameters in an optimal range that results in successful glycemic control within prescribed constraints over a 24 h period. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the modeling approach can find GRI parameters that enable stable glucose levels that persist through a skipped meal. The results provide a framework for exploring the parameter space of GRIs, potentially without extensive, iterative in vivo animal testing.
Enhanced Stability and Electrochemical Performance of Carbon‐Coated Ti3+ Self‐Doped TiO2‐Reduced Graphene Oxide Hollow Nanostructure‐Supported Pt‐Catalyzed Fuel Cell Electrodes
Authors: Sung Chang Hyun , Boppella Ramireddy , Yoo Jai‐Wook , Lim Dong‐Hee , Moon Byung‐Moo , Kim Dong Ha , Kim Jin Young
Published: August 2017

Stable alternative catalyst supports to replace conventional carbon‐based materials in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are being explored to achieve dramatic improvements in the performance and durability of fuel cells. Herein, conductive Ti3+ self‐doped and carbon‐coated TiO2‐reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hollow nanosphere‐supported Pt nanoparticles (Pt/rGO/TiO2) are investigated as cathode electrocatalysts for PEMFCs. Importantly, the rGO/TiO2 hollow nanospheres display excellent electrochemical stability under high potential cycling (1.2–1.7 V) compared with conventional carbon black (CB) support materials that normally induce electrochemical corrosion during fuel cell operation. The Pt/rGO/TiO2 is tested to establish its catalytic activity and stability using accelerated durability testing that mimics the conditions and degradation modes encountered during long‐term fuel cell operation. The Pt/rGO/TiO2 cathode catalyst demonstrates comparable catalytic activity toward oxygen reduction and exhibits much higher stability than the Pt/CB one at high potentials in terms of minimal loss of the Pt electrochemical surface area. More importantly, Pt/rGO/TiO2 displays a negligible voltage drop over long‐term cycling during practical fuel cell operation. The high stability of the Pt/rGO/TiO2 electrocatalyst synthesized in this investigation offers a new approach to improve the reliability and durability of PEMFC cathode catalysts.
Design of Core–Shell‐Structured ZnO/ZnS Hybridized with Graphite‐Like C3N4 for Highly Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Liu Changhai , Qiu Yangyang , Wang Fang , Wang Ke , Liang Qian , Chen Zhidong
Published: August 2017

Numerous efforts have been focused on the heterojunction structure for enhancing the electron injection across the interface in application of photocatalysis or photoelectrochemical (PEC) catalysis. The electrochemically deposited ZnO nanorods arrays are sulfurated following hydrothermal reaction to form core–shell heterojunction structure. Furthermore, the graphite‐like C3N4 (g‐C3N4) is added into the formed ZnO/ZnS core–shell nanorods during the sulfuration process to get ZnO/ZnS/g‐C3N4 photoanode. The heterojunction structure is characterized via X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV‐vis diffuse‐reflectance spectra, time‐resolved photoluminescence, and Raman. The ZnO/ZnS/g‐C3N4 photoanode yields a photocurrent of ≈0.66 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, which is fourfold as large as pure ZnO electrode. The enhanced photocurrent is attributed to the improved separation efficiency of photogenerated electron–hole pairs and accelerated transport of hole to the electrode surface for the oxidation of water. These results suggest substantial potential of metal oxide nanorods arrays with controlled heterojunction construction in PEC water splitting applications.
Understanding the Collective Optical Properties of Complex Plasmonic Vesicles
Authors: Randrianalisoa Jaona , Li Xiuying , Serre Maud , Qin Zhenpeng
Published: August 2017

Vesicular assembly of small plasmonic nanoparticles, or plasmonic vesicle, is a promising multifunctional theranostic platform for photothermal therapy, near infrared (NIR) light‐responsive drug release, and rapid clearance of small inorganic particles from the body. Wide ranges of optical properties are reported including characteristic absorption peak in the visible or NIR ranges, or broadband absorption. It is unclear how the complex interaction among a large number of small gold nanoparticles contribute to the collective optical property of a plasmonic vesicle. In this study, the collective optical properties of plasmonic vesicles are examined and four characteristic regimes, namely the isolated nanoparticle regime, Coulomb interaction regime, black gold regime, and nanoshell regime, are revealed. Small plasmonic nanoparticles need to be very close or weakly overlap to give a broadband absorption (i.e., black gold regime) or form a NIR plasmon peak. Furthermore, smaller gold nanoparticle or larger core size leads to higher NIR peak shift and photothermal conversion efficiency. It is anticipated that this study provides design guidelines and thus have a significant impact on further design and development of complex plasmonic nanostructures and vesicles for biomedical applications.
Tunable Black Gold: Controlling the Near‐Field Coupling of Immobilized Au Nanoparticles Embedded in Mesoporous Silica Capsules
Authors: ElKabbash Mohamed , Sousa‐Castillo Ana , Nguyen Quang , Mariño‐Fernández Rosalia , Hoffman Nathaniel , Correa‐Duarte Miguel A. , Strangi Giuseppe
Published: August 2017

Efficient light‐to‐heat conversion is central for various applications such as thermo‐photovoltaics and solar steam generation. Although metals can strongly absorb light and generate heat, their free electrons shield the electric field before any substantial penetration in the metal. Excitation of surface plasmons can suppress metal reflection and convert it into a black metal, for example, black gold. In this work, mesoporous silica capsules grafted with immobilized Au nanoparticles (NPs) with different sizes via controlled chemical synthesis are synthesized. It is shown that changing the size of immobilized NPs modifies the interparticle coupling strength, thus, modifying the NPs absorption. The broadness of the plasmon resonance is tuned across the visible, near‐infrared, and short wavelength infrared regions. The ability to control the broadness of black gold absorption is not possible in other systems based on bottom‐up synthesis. The proposed approach broadens the possibilities of utilizing black gold in many applications such as thermo‐photovoltaics, and solar energy harvesting especially in hybrid solar converters.
High Solar Desalination Efficiency Achieved with 3D Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanosheet‐Assembled Membranes
Authors: Mu Chunhong , Song Yuanqiang , Deng Kai , Lin Shuai , Bi Yutie , Scarpa Fabrizio , Crouse David
Published: August 2017

Plasmonic structures are gaining tremendous interest due to their unique capability to trap light into subwavelength units, beneficial for high efficient light harvesting and related applications. Here, a plasmonic structure realized on a monocrystallized Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanosheet‐assembled membrane is presented. This unique CZTS structure exhibits high absorption efficiency (≈92.25%) in a broad solar spectrum (200–2500 nm), leading to a solar desalination efficiency of ≈84.5% under 1 Sun irradiation. This highly efficient broadband absorption is due to the structure induced localized surface plasmon resonance absorption. Besides, owing to its high chemical stability, salty water containing heavy metal ions can be effectively desalinated with a constant long time (>20 h) durability using this CZTS membranes as the absorber. The combination of the robust desalination effect, high stability and durability, as well as the low‐cost and scalable process for production, makes this type of CZTS membranes one of the most competitive desalination candidates.
Outstanding Performance of Hole‐Blocking Layer‐Free Perovskite Solar Cell Using Hierarchically Porous Fluorine‐Doped Tin Oxide Substrate
Authors: Yu Haejun , Lee Jong Woo , Yun Juyoung , Lee Kisu , Ryu Jaehoon , Lee Jungsup , Hwang Doyk , Kim Seong Keun , Jang Jyongsik
Published: August 2017

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are of great interest in current photovoltaic research due to their extraordinary power conversion efficiency of ≈20% and boundless potentialities. The high efficiency has been mostly obtained from TiO2‐based PSCs, where TiO2 is utilized as a hole‐blocking, mesoporous layer. However, trapped charges and the light‐induced photocatalytic effect of TiO2 seriously degrade the perovskite and preclude PSCs from being immediately commercialized. Herein, a simplified PSC is successfully fabricated by eliminating the problematic TiO2 layers, using instead a fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO)/perovskite/hole–conductor/Au design. Simultaneously, the sluggish charge extraction at the FTO/perovskite interface is overcome by modifying the surface of the FTO to a porous structure using electrochemical etching. This surface engineering enables a substantial increase in the photocurrent density and mitigation of the hysteretic behavior of the pristine FTO‐based PSC; a remarkable 19.22% efficiency with a low level of hysteresis is obtained. This performance is closely approaching that of conventional PSCs and may facilitate their commercialization due to improved convenience, lower cost, greater stability, and potentially more efficient mass production.
Stable Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with Low‐Temperature‐Processed Hole‐Transport Bilayer
Authors: Zhou Zhongmin , Li Xing , Cai Molang , Xie Fengxian , Wu Yongzhen , Lan Zhang , Yang Xudong , Qiang Yinghuai , Islam Ashraful , Han Liyuan
Published: August 2017

Low‐temperature‐processed perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which can be fabricated on rigid or flexible substrates, are attracting increasing attention because they have a wide range of potential applications. In this study, the stability of reduced graphene oxide and the ability of a poly(triarylamine) underlayer to improve the quality of overlying perovskite films to construct hole‐transport bilayer by means of a low‐temperature method are taken advantage of. The bilayer is used in both flexible and rigid inverted planar PSCs with the following configuration: substrate/indium tin oxide/reduced graphene oxide/polytriarylamine/CH3NH3PbI3/PCBM/bathocuproine/Ag (PCBM = [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester). The flexible and rigid PSCs show power conversion efficiencies of 15.7 and 17.2%, respectively, for the aperture area of 1.02 cm2. Moreover, the PSC based the bilayer shows outstanding light‐soaking stability, retaining ≈90% of its original efficiency after continuous illumination for 500 h at 100 mW cm−2.
All‐Nanomat Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A New Cell Architecture Platform for Ultrahigh Energy Density and Mechanical Flexibility
Authors: Kim Ju‐Myung , Kim Jeong A. , Kim Seung‐Hyeok , Uhm In Sung , Kang Sung Joong , Kim Guntae , Lee Sun‐Young , Yeon Sun‐Hwa , Lee Sang‐Young
Published: August 2017

The ongoing surge in demand for high‐energy/flexible rechargeable batteries relentlessly drives technological innovations in cell architecture as well as electrochemically active materials. Here, a new class of all‐nanomat lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) based on 1D building element‐interweaved heteronanomat skeletons is demonstrated. Among various electrode materials, silicon (Si, for anode) and overlithiated layered oxide (OLO, for cathode) materials are chosen as model systems to explore feasibility of this new cell architecture and achieve unprecedented cell capacity. Nanomat electrodes, which are completely different from conventional slurry‐cast electrodes, are fabricated through concurrent electrospinning (for polymeric nanofibers) and electrospraying (for electrode materials/carbon nanotubes (CNTs)). Si (or rambutan‐shaped OLO/CNT composite) powders are compactly embedded in the spatially interweaved polymeric nanofiber/CNT heteromat skeletons that play a crucial role in constructing 3D‐bicontinuous ion/electron transport pathways and allow for removal of metallic foil current collectors. The nanomat Si anodes and nanomat OLO cathodes are assembled with nanomat Al2O3 separators, leading to the fabrication of all‐nanomat LIB full cells. Driven by the aforementioned structural/chemical uniqueness, the all‐nanomat full cell shows exceptional improvement in electrochemical performance (notably, cell‐based gravimetric energy density = 479 W h kgCell−1) and also mechanical deformability, which lie far beyond those achievable with conventional LIB technologies.
De novo pathogenic variant in TUBB2A presenting with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, brain abnormalities, and severe developmental delay
Authors: Ejaz Resham , Lionel Anath C. , Blaser Susan , Walker Susan , Scherer Stephen W. , Babul‐Hirji Riyana , Marshall Christian R. , Stavropoulos Dimitri J. , Chitayat David
Published: August 2017

Disorders of brain formation can occur from pathogenic variants in various alpha and beta tubulin genes. Heterozygous pathogenic variants in the beta tubulin isotype A gene, TUBB2A, have been recently implicated in brain malformations, seizures, and developmental delay. Limited information is known regarding the phenotypic spectrum associated with pathogenic variants in this gene given the rarity of the condition. We report the sixth individual with a de novo heterozygous TUBB2A pathogenic variant, who presented with a severe neurological phenotype along with unique features of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, optic nerve hypoplasia, dysmorphic facial features, and vocal cord paralysis, thereby expanding the gene‐related phenotype.