bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ACE2-like enzyme B38-CAP suppresses abdominal sepsis and severe acute lung injury
Authors: Minato Takafumi , Yamaguchi Tomokazu , Hoshizaki Midori , Nirasawa Satoru , An Jianbo , Takahashi Saori , Penninger Josef M. , Imai Yumiko , Kuba Keiji
Published: July 2022

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the carboxypeptidase to degrade angiotensin II (Ang II) to angiotensin 1–7 (Ang 1–7) and improves the pathologies of cardiovascular disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)/acute lung injury. B38-CAP is a bacteria-derived ACE2-like carboxypeptidase as potent as human ACE2 and ameliorates hypertension, heart failure and SARS-CoV-2-induced lung injury in mice. Recombinant B38-CAP is prepared with E. coli protein expression system more efficiently than recombinant soluble human ACE2. Here we show therapeutic effects of B38-CAP on abdominal sepsis- or acid aspiration-induced acute lung injury. ACE2 expression was downregulated in the lungs of mice with cecal ligation puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis or acid-induced lung injury thereby leading to upregulation of Ang II levels. Intraperitoneal injection of B38-CAP significantly decreased Ang II levels while upregulated angiotensin 1–7 levels. B38-CAP improved survival rate of the mice under sepsis. B38-CAP suppressed the pathologies of lung inflammation, improved lung dysfunction and downregulated elevated cytokine mRNA levels in the mice with acute lung injury. Thus, systemic treatment with an ACE2-like enzyme might be a potential therapeutic strategy for the patients with severe sepsis or ARDS.
Kinetics of Bovine leukemia virus aspartic protease reveals its dimerization and conformational change
Authors: Fló Martín , Carrión Federico , Olivero-Deibe Natalia , Bianchi Sergio , Portela Madelón , Rammauro Florencia , Alvarez Beatriz , Pritsch Otto
Published: July 2022

The retropepsin (PR) of the Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) plays, as in other retroviruses, a crucial role in the transition from the non-infective viral particle to the infective virion by processing the polyprotein Gag. PR is expressed as an immature precursor associated with Gag, after an occasional −1 ribosomal frameshifting event. Self-hydrolysis of PR at specific N- and C-terminal sites releases the monomer that dimerizes giving rise to the active protease. We designed a strategy to express BLV PR in E. coli as a fusion protein with maltose binding protein, with a six-histidine tag at its N-terminal end, and bearing a tobacco etch virus protease hydrolysis site. This allowed us to obtain soluble and mature recombinant PR in relatively good yields, with exactly the same amino acid composition as the native protein. As PR presents relative promiscuity for the hydrolysis sites we designed four fluorogenic peptide substrates based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in order to characterize the activity of the recombinant enzyme. These substrates opened the way to perform kinetic studies, allowing us to characterize the dimer-monomer equilibrium. Furthermore, we obtained kinetic evidence for the existence of a conformational change that enables the interaction with the substrate. These results constitute a starting point for the elucidation of the kinetic properties of BLV-PR, and may be relevant not only to improve the chemical warfare against this virus but also to better understand other viral PRs.
Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Chinese version of self-efficacy and attitudes for providing Mouth Care scale
Authors: Chen Lan , Gu Liyan , Li Xianchen , Chen Wenyao , Zhang Lingjuan
Published: July 2022

Background

In recent years, oral care for older people has received extensive attention in long-term care facilities. The Self-Efficacy for Providing Mouth Care (SE-PMC) and Attitudes for Providing Mouth Care (A-PMC) scale evaluated the self-efficacy and attitude of nursing staff while providing oral care. However, whether this scale is valid and reliable for Chinese nursing staff in China remains unverified. This study aims to translate the English version of SE-PMC and A-PMC into Chinese and determine their reliability and validity.

Methods

After obtaining the author’s consent, the procedure for a double-back translation and cross-cultural adaptation was conducted to develop the Chinese version of SE-PMC and A-PMC. The validity and reliability of the Chinese version of SE-PMC and A-PMC were evaluated in a cross-sectional observational study with 852 nurses from 42 Geriatric Care Facilities (GCFs). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (n = 427) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (n = 425) were conducted to test the construct validity and quality of the factor structures. We applied the item discrimination test and homogeneity test for item analysis. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and split-half coefficient were adopted to evaluate internal consistency.

Results

The Chinese version of SE-PMC (11 items, 3 factors) and A-PMC (11 items, 2 factors) included 22 items, reflecting adequate construct validity and reliability. In addition, test-retest reliability was 0.809 for SE-PMC and 0.811 for A-PMC, evincing good stability. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of SE-PMC was 0.831, with each factor ranging from 0.793~0.906. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the A-PMC was 0.768, with each factor ranging from 0.814~0.824. Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) of SE-PMC and A-PMC ranged from 0.84 ~1.00 and 0.82~1.00, respectively.

Conclusion

The Chinese version of SE-PMC and A-PMC was validated as a reliable assessment tool to evaluate the self-efficacy and attitude of nursing staff in GCFs for providing oral care in China.
Multilevel theorizing in health communication: Integrating the Risk Perception Attitude (RPA) framework and the Theory of Normative Social Behavior (TNSB)
Authors: Yilma Hagere , Rimal Rajiv N. , Parida Manoj
Published: July 2022

Research testing the risk perception attitudes (RPA) framework has demonstrated that efficacy can moderate the effect of risk perceptions on behavior. This effect of efficacy has also been seen at the social-level through tests of the theory of normative social behavior (TNSB). We tested if efficacy could bridge normative factors at a social-level and risk perception at an individual-level. Data for this study come from the Reduction in Anemia through Normative Innovations (RANI) project’s baseline survey in Odisha, India. We used hierarchical regressions to analyze interactions between predictors at various levels and efficacy to predict behavioral intention. Efficacy beliefs moderated the effect of injunctive norms (β = 0.07, p < 0.01), collective norms (β = 0.06, p < 0.01), and risk perception (β = 0.04, p < 0.01) on intentions. This study provides preliminary evidence for a multilevel theoretical framework.
Ozone treatment effectively eliminates SARS-CoV-2 from infected face masks
Authors: Córdoba-Lanús Elizabeth , García-Pérez Omar , Rodríguez-Esparragón Francisco , Bethencourt-Estrella Carlos J. , Torres-Mata Laura B. , Blanco Angeles , Villar Jesús , Sanz Oscar , Díaz Juan J. , Martín-Barrasa José L. , Serrano-Aguilar Pedro , Piñero José-Enrique , Clavo Bernardino , Lorenzo-Morales Jacob
Published: July 2022

The current COVID-19 pandemic is causing profound health, economic, and social problems worldwide. The global shortage of medical and personal protective equipment (PPE) in specialized centers during the outbreak demonstrated the need for efficient methods to disinfect and recycle them in times of emergency. We have previously described that high ozone concentrations destroyed viral RNA in an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 strain within a few minutes. However, the efficient ozone dosages for active SARS-CoV-2 are still unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the systematic effects of ozone exposure on face masks from hospitalized patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Face masks from COVID-19 patients were collected and treated with a clinical ozone generator at high ozone concentrations in small volumes for short periods. The study focused on SARS-CoV-2 gene detection (assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)) and on the virus inactivation by in vitro studies. We assessed the effects of different high ozone concentrations and exposure times on decontamination efficiency. We showed that high ozone concentrations (10,000, 2,000, and 4,000 ppm) and short exposure times (10, 10, and 2 minutes, respectively), inactivated both the original strain and the B.1.1.7 strain of SARS-CoV-2 from 24 contaminated face masks from COVID-19 patients. The validation results showed that the best condition for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation was a treatment of 4,000 ppm of ozone for 2 minutes. Further studies are in progress to advance the potential applications of these findings.
Multiplex peptide microarray profiling of antibody reactivity against neglected tropical diseases derived B-cell epitopes for serodiagnosis in Zimbabwe
Authors: Vengesai Arthur , Naicker Thajasvarie , Midzi Herald , Kasambala Maritha , Mduluza-Jokonya Tariro L. , Rusakaniko Simbarashe , Mutapi Francisca , Mduluza Takafira
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Peptides (B-cell epitopes) have broad applications in disease diagnosis and surveillance of pathogen exposure. In this framework, we present a pilot study to design and produce a peptide microarray for the integrated surveillance of neglected tropical diseases. The peptide microarray was evaluated against peptides derived from Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator americanus, Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma mansoni, Trichuris trichiura, Bacillus anthracis, Mycobacterium leprae, Wuchereria bancrofti, Rabies lyssavirus, Chlamydia trachomatis and Trypanosoma brucei.

Methods

S. haematobium was diagnosed using the urine filtration technique. S. mansoni, A. lumbricoides, N. americanus and T. trichiura were diagnosed using the Kato Katz and formal ether concentration techniques. Immunogenic peptides were retrieved from the Tackling Infection to Benefit Africa infectious diseases epitope microarray. Further peptides were predicted using ABCpred. IgG and IgM reactivity against the derived peptides were evaluated using peptide microarray multiplex immunoassays. Positive response was defined as fluorescence intensity ≥ 500 fluorescence units. Immunodominant peptides were identified using color-coded heat maps and bar graphs reflecting the obtained fluorescence signal intensities. Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis and Mann-Whitney-U test were performed to determine the diagnostic validity of the peptides.

Results

Species-specific responses with at least one peptide derived from each NTD pathogen were observed. The reactive peptides included; for S. haematobium, XP_035588858.1-206-220 and XP_035588858.1-206-220 immunodominant for IgG and IgM respectively, for S. mansoni, P20287.1-58-72 immunodominant for both antibodies and for T. trichiura, CDW52482.1-326-340 immunodominant for IgG and CDW57769.1-2017-2031 and CDW57769.1-1518-1532 immunodominant for IgM. According to ROC analysis most of the peptides selected were inaccurate; with AUC < 0.5. Some peptides had AUC values ranging from 0.5 to 0.5875 for both IgM and IgG suggesting no discrimination.

Conclusion

Multiplex peptide microarrays are a valuable tool for integrated NTDs surveillance and for screening parasites exposure in endemic areas. Species sero-reactivity observed in the study maybe indicative of exposure to the different NTDs parasites. However, although peptides with the least cross reactivity were selected there is need to validate the sero-reactivity with recombinant antigens and immune-blotting techniques such as western blotting.
Integral, mean and covariance of the simplex-truncated multivariate normal distribution
Authors: Adams Matthew P.
Published: July 2022

Compositional data, which is data consisting of fractions or probabilities, is common in many fields including ecology, economics, physical science and political science. If these data would otherwise be normally distributed, their spread can be conveniently represented by a multivariate normal distribution truncated to the non-negative space under a unit simplex. Here this distribution is called the simplex-truncated multivariate normal distribution. For calculations on truncated distributions, it is often useful to obtain rapid estimates of their integral, mean and covariance; these quantities characterising the truncated distribution will generally possess different values to the corresponding non-truncated distribution. In this paper, three different approaches that can estimate the integral, mean and covariance of any simplex-truncated multivariate normal distribution are described and compared. These three approaches are (1) naive rejection sampling, (2) a method described by Gessner et al. that unifies subset simulation and the Holmes-Diaconis-Ross algorithm with an analytical version of elliptical slice sampling, and (3) a semi-analytical method that expresses the integral, mean and covariance in terms of integrals of hyperrectangularly-truncated multivariate normal distributions, the latter of which are readily computed in modern mathematical and statistical packages. Strong agreement is demonstrated between all three approaches, but the most computationally efficient approach depends strongly both on implementation details and the dimension of the simplex-truncated multivariate normal distribution. For computations in low-dimensional distributions, the semi-analytical method is fast and thus should be considered. As the dimension increases, the Gessner et al. method becomes the only practically efficient approach of the methods tested here.
Cohort profile: The Growing Up Healthy Study (GUHS)—A prospective and observational cohort study investigating the long-term health outcomes of offspring conceived after assisted reproductive technologies
Authors: Penova-Veselinovic Blagica , Wijs Laura A. , Yovich John L. , Burton Peter , Hart Roger J.
Published: July 2022

Worldwide, over 8 million children and adults are conceived following assisted reproductive technologies (ART), and their long-term health is of consequential public health interest. The objective of this paper is to describe the Growing up Healthy Study (GUHS) cohort in detail, publicise it and invite collaboration. Combining the data collected in the GUHS with other cohorts or databases will improve the much-needed knowledge about the effects of ART, and allow for better understanding of the long-term health outcomes of offspring conceived after ART. The GUHS cohort is a prospective observational study of adolescents and young adults conceived after assisted reproductive technologies (ART). It was established to determine if the long-term health of offspring conceived by ART differs from that of the general population. This was investigated by comparing a substantial number of health parameters to those of a representative population of offspring conceived without ART. The n = 303 GUHS participants were born between 1991–2001 in the two fertility clinics operating at the time in Perth, Western Australia, and undertook assessments at ages 14, 17 and 20, replicating the pre-defined study protocols from the reference cohort—the Raine Study. Participants were comprehensively phenotyped through detailed questionnaires, anthropometry, biochemical analyses, as well as age-specific assessments (asthma, atopy, cardiometabolic health, body composition, mental health, thyroid function, epigenetics and vision). To date the GUHS cohort has been used to study the methylation, cardiometabolic, and thyroid profiles, as well as respiratory and mental health. To summarise, the GUHS cohort provides a valuable addition to the limited knowledge of the long-term health outcomes of ART-conceived offspring.
Giovanni Botero e gli itinerari del sapere fra Umanesimo e prime inquietudini barocche
Authors: Raviola Blythe Alice
Published: July 2022

Questo studio mira a mettere in luce l’opinione di Giovanni Botero, l’autore delDella ragion di Stato (1589) e della grande opera Le relazioni universali (1591), riguardole università e la loro funzione culturale in Europa. Si introduce un ipotetico parallelofra Erasmo da Rotterdam e la sua carriera europea, e l’intellettuale della ControriformaBotero, gesuita fino al 1580, per vedere come le università abbiamo influito sulla loro formazione.Entrambi furono intellettuali instancabili, entrambi furono soliti viaggiare edentrare in contatto con diversi contesti accademici. Un focus sulle idee di Botero circa gliStudia del suo tempo offre qualche spunto di riflessione sul sistema culturale e sul legamecruciale fra centri d’istruzione e prosperità economica.
Uma obra (in)consequente: a Vala da Azambuja em meados do século XIX
Authors: Brandão José Manuel , Fiocchi Elisabetta
Published: July 2022

Este texto contextualiza a criação e os trabalhos da Companhia dos Canais da Azambuja (1844), com a qual o governo contratou a realização de trabalhos visando tornar a “vala da Azambuja” navegável durante todo o ano, ampliando-a até às Onias de Santarém, onde seria aberta uma nova ligação com o Tejo. Segundo os planos originais dos engenheiros holandeses Ortts, os trabalhos dirigidos por Mouzinho de Albuquerque e depois pelo milanês Giulio Sarti, deveriam contemplar também, a drenagem das águas das chuvas e das cheias que se acumulavam nos campos adjacentes e garantir a sua irrigação na estação quente. Três objetivos de difícil conciliação prática, como se verificou, em particular numa época em que o país conheceria uma grande destabilização política e económica.
Olive grove landscape: the hydraulic pressing machine and its importance in the cultural heritage of Andalusia (Spain)
Authors: Palomares Sheila
Published: July 2022

The hydraulic press was patented by Bramah in 1795. Initially, it was used for keeping paper flat or pressing maps, but, in 1833, in Montilla (Córdoba, Spain), the machine was properly adapted by Diego de Alvear to produce olive oil. It was an extraordinary technological advance in the olive oil sector, not only in Spain but also in other countries of the Mediterranean Basin, because it made it possible to produce better olive oil in less time. The aim of this article is to analyse: the importance of the invention of the hydraulic press for the olive oil industry; the influence it had on the configuration of the olive grove landscape and its heritage value as an example of the evolution of Andalusian society.
Crianças refugiadas que se salvaram através de Portugal durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial (1940-1944)
Authors: Pereira Carolina Henriques
Published: July 2022

Durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1945) e, sobretudo, a partir de 1940, ano das principais ocupações e anexações da Europa Ocidental por parte do exército alemão, centenas de crianças em fuga encontraram refúgio provisório neste pequeno, pobre e isolado país do sudoeste europeu, antes de conseguirem embarcar para territórios além-mar, como os Estados Unidos da América. Para além do caso mais conhecido da Colónia Infantil e Balnear de São Pedro do Estoril, algumas crianças ficaram “internadas” na Escola Agrícola de Paiã (Lisboa); no Colégio da Bafureira, na vila de Parede, em Cascais; na Casa Pia (Lisboa); na Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa; e em centros de acolhimento, como o caso do Centro de Acolhimento da Cruz Vermelha, no Estoril. Organizações internacionais de auxílio como a American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JOINT), o American Friends Service Committee (AFSC, Quakers) e o Unitarian Service Committee (USC) organizaram e financiaram, sob o patrocínio de Eleanor Roosevelt e do United States Committee for the Care of European Children (USCOM), o salvamento e a estadia destas crianças. Apesar de terem permanecido em Portugal por um breve período, foi-lhes possível escapar de uma Europa em chamas e partir sãs e salvas para países além-mar. Através de uma análise qualitativa e quantitativa, este artigo visa contribuir para o conhecimento histórico do fenómeno do refúgio de crianças em Portugal durante esta Guerra fratricida.
Seguimiento de la extensión areal de los humedales subtropicales del noreste de Argentina mediante la aplicación de Google Earth Engine
Authors: Smichowski Humberto , Contreras Felix Ignacio , Giese Adriana Carolina
Published: July 2022

El estudio sobre las fluctuaciones de los niveles de agua en los humedales como respuestas a la variabilidad pluviométrica, es el punto de partida si se pretende lograr su conservación y/o uso sustentable como recurso. En este sentido, utilizando Google Earth Engine, en este trabajo se realiza como estudio de caso un seguimiento de la variación espacio-temporal de la superficie de los humedales subtropicales en el noreste de Argentina desde 1990 hasta el 2020 en períodos quinquenales. Para ello, fueron procesadas 931 escenas de Landsat sobre las cuales se generaron máscaras de nubes, compuestos de calidad basados en índices de agua y se extrajeron las cubiertas de agua con técnicas de umbrales. Para el análisis climático, se correlacionaron datos pluviométricos directos, índices de precipitaciones y los efectos del El Niño-Oscilación del Sur. Los resultados indican con alta precisión que existe una gran diferencia entre momentos húmedos y secos, con máximos que superan el 60 % del área cubierta con agua y mínimos menores al 5 %. Se comprobó la relación directa entre los montos pluviométricos y las extensiones de agua en superficie y la elasticidad del sistema. Los resultados obtenidos se consideran muy valiosos para la gestión integral de los recursos hídricos y del riesgo.
Entre discursos patrimoniales y turísticos. Análisis comparado de los programas “Los pueblos más bonitos de España” y “Pueblos Auténticos” de Argentina
Authors: Albarrán Periáñez Jose David , Pinassi Andrés
Published: July 2022

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar de manera comparada dos programas de desarrollo turístico de escala estatal, “Los pueblos más bonitos de España” y “Pueblos Auténticos” de Argentina, enfatizando en los discursos patrimoniales y turísticos construidos en cada uno de ellos. En este sentido, se indaga en la estructuración de ambas iniciativas, sus relatos y actores participantes, identificando convergencias y discrepancias. Para ello se define una metodología de alcance descriptivo, con elementos explicativos, y un enfoque cualitativo, realizando un análisis discursivo de los documentos oficiales e instrumentos de divulgación, y entrevistas semi-estructuradas a informantes clave, como técnicas de recolección de datos. En cuanto a resultados, a partir de una matriz comparativa elaborada al efecto, se identifican una serie de coincidencias y divergencias entre ambos programas, relacionadas, en gran medida, con los requerimientos de selección y participación de los lugares adscritos y los agentes intervinientes. En términos generales, se concluye que dichas propuestas se fundamentan en un discurso patrimonial asociado a la visión dominante del término, pregonada desde las esferas de poder. En relación al relato turístico, éste se alinea bajo la idea del desarrollo, como práctica promotora de múltiples impactos positivos, principalmente de carácter económico, contribuyente a la reducción de los desequilibrios territoriales.
La comunicación en redes sociales de los geoparques españoles durante el estado de alarma
Authors: López Fernández Míriam , Moreno Gallo Miguel Ángel , Chicharro Merayo Mar
Published: July 2022

Las severas restricciones a la movilidad a las que nos enfrentamos entre marzo y junio de 2020 a causa de las medidas tomadas por el Gobierno de España para frenar el avance de la pandemia derivada de la COVID-19 obligaron a muchas organizaciones, entre ellas los geoparques españoles, a adaptarse a una comunicación únicamente digital. En este trabajo se observa la estrategia seguida en redes sociales por los geoparques mediante un estudio de todas sus publicaciones durante dicho periodo. A través de un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo, la investigación se fija en cuestiones como la regularidad, el tipo de contenido, el uso de las diferentes redes o la creación de nuevas propuestas comunicativas adaptadas a las exigencias de tan repentina situación. Los datos, que reflejan grandes diferencias entre las estrategias que siguen los parques en el aprovechamiento de estas herramientas, nos ofrecen claves para repensar el uso y el tipo de información compartida en redes de cara a un futuro cada vez más digital.
Turismo cinematográfico: análisis de la promoción del destino a través de la prensa
Authors: Roger-Monzó Vanessa , Llopis-Amorós Malar , Santos-Rojo Cristina
Published: July 2022

Esta investigación examina las estrategias empleadas en la promoción del turismo cinematográfico a través de un análisis de la representación mediática proyectada en la prensa. Se realiza un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de noticias aparecidas en medios nacionales y en lengua española. El período de análisis comprende desde el 1 de enero de 2015 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2016. La búsqueda de contenidos se realiza para todos los medios españoles mediante la base de datos Factiva®. El análisis textual de los contenidos publicados se realiza mediante el software T-LAB. Los resultados revelan que, en los años 2015 y 2016, como consecuencia del rodaje de la serie “Juego de Tronos”, se produjo un incremento de la notoriedad de la marca-destino en diferentes regiones del territorio nacional. El análisis del período 2015-2016 con 419 registros revela estrategias diseñadas especialmente desde el sector público, que actúan como estrategias tractoras para el turismo cinematográfico en la agenda de medios.
"Starke Weiblichkeit entfesseln.!" Sportlicher Eigensinn, Misogynie und Selbstbehauptung. Über Frauenpower im Fußball
Authors: Güldenpfennig Sven
Published: July 2022

Sven Güldenpfennig widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage, wie der Fußball von Frauen und Mädchen sich aus bescheidenen, aber mutigen Anfängen zu einem heute weltweit sportlich anspruchsvollen Niveau entwickeln konnte. Im Vordergrund stand für die meisten Pionierinnen dabei weniger das Engagement für allgemeine politische Ziele der Frauenbewegung, sondern das Ziel, auch diesen meist als "männlich" konnotierten und institutionell von historisch hergebrachter männlicher Arroganz und Hegemonie geprägten Sport für sich selbst zu erobern. Dieser Kampf war nicht nur "auf dem Platz" erfolgreich, sondern auch in der medialen Darstellung, in der Geringschätzung und verbale Diskriminierung auf dem Rückmarsch sind.
Von den Schwierigkeiten einer weiblichen Fußballmannschaft sich im Rahmen eines historisch gewachsenen Profifußballvereins zu behaupten Die Frauenfußballabteilung des FC Metz, 2014-2019
Authors: Grün Laurent
Published: July 2022

L'exemple de l'équipe féminine du FC Metz durant la période 2014-2019 démontre que les footballeuses évoluant dans une équipe française de haut niveau ne sont pas encore totalement prises au sérieux dans le milieu du football. A partir de plusieurs entretiens semi-directifs menés avec des joueuses, des entraîneurs et des dirigeants, il est possible de mettre en évidence une différence de traitement entre femmes et hommes au sein du même club professionnel. Ces inégalités sont perceptibles à la fois dans l'environnement humain, c'est-à-dire la qualité et la quantité de l'encadrement mis à disposition, et dans l'environnement physique, c'est-à-dire l'accès aux facilités d'entraînement. De plus, on peut souligner des représentations négatives de la part de certains entraîneurs masculins du centre de formation du club envers les joueuses, même si elles n'émanent pas de la totalité d'entre eux. Certes, de 2014 à 2019, la situation des équipes de filles du FC Metz s'est progressivement améliorée. De plus, les joueuses ont pris rapidement conscience de la nécessité d'un comportement professionnel en toutes circonstances. Cependant, le regard porté sur elles au sein du club, que ce soit sur l'équipe première ou sur les équipes de jeunes, reste encore parfois condescendant. Et malgré tout, l'accès des équipes féminines du FC Metz à de bonnes conditions de pratique demeure trop souvent subordonné à la volonté d'un dirigeant haut placé.
Islamist Ideology and Its Effect on the Global Conflict: Comparative Study between Hamas and ISIS
Authors: Hannase Mulawarman
Published: July 2022

This paper aims to explain that the spread of the ideology of Islamism in the Middle East in recent decades has led to conflict, both intra and inter-religion that continues until today. From these Islamist groups, Hamas Movement and ISIS provided significant effects of the conflict are. This study is qualitative research. Conflict Theory of John Spanier (higt-politic conflict) used to analyze how the two groups model of ideological construction influenced the political and economic stability as well as conflict in the Middle East and the Islamic world. Based on the observations of these two groups, it can be found that theologically, Hamas adheres to religious doctrines which prompted him to undertake armed resistance against Israel. At the same time, ISIS is a militant group that is strongly influenced by religious doctrine. However, from the aspect of rigidity doctrine and strategy of the movement, both groups are much different. ISIS is an ultra-radical group hostile to all other communities and brutally attacked the community of which he considered infidels. While Hamas has a more soft ideology and commit acts of violence in the context of resistance against Israeli colonialism.[Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bahwa penyebaran ideologi Islamisme di Timur Tengah dalam beberapa dekade terakhir telah menyebabkan konflik, baik intra maupun antar-agama yang berlanjut hingga saat ini. Dari kelompok-kelompok Islam ini, Gerakan Hamas dan ISIS memberikan efek  signifikan  dari  konflik  tersebut.  Penelitian  ini  adalah  penelitian  kualitatif. Teori  Konflik John Spanier (konflik politik berskala tinggi) digunakan untuk menganalisis bagaimana model konstruksi ideologis kedua kelompok mempengaruhi stabilitas politik dan ekonomi serta konflik di Timur Tengah dan dunia Islam. Berdasarkan pengamatan kedua kelompok ini, dapat ditemukan bahwa secara teologis, Hamas menganut doktrin agama yang mendorong mereka untuk melakukan perlawanan bersenjata terhadap Israel. Pada saat yang sama, ISIS adalah kelompok militan yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh doktrin agama. Namun, dari aspek kekakuan doktrin dan strategi pergerakan, kedua kelompok jauh berbeda. ISIS adalah kelompok ultra-radikal yang memusuhi semua komunitas lain dan secara brutal menyerang komunitas yang dianggapnya sebagai orang kafir. Sementara Hamas memiliki ideologi yang lebih lunak dan melakukan tindakan kekerasan dalam konteks perlawanan terhadap kolonialisme Israel.]
Flor-libertad, fuego-imaginación, fuerza-unidad, revolución-arte: el simbolismo de la guerrilla cultural en el proceso revolucionario portugués (1974-1976)
Authors: Pratas Cruzeiro Cristina
Published: July 2022

El 25 de abril de 1974, la revolución portuguesa acabó con una dictadura fascista que había durado 48 años. En el contexto político y social global de la Guerra Fría, la nueva situación del país se entendió como una victoria para el movimiento antimperialista y anticapitalista, particularmente en Europa. Este artículo analiza las prácticas artísticas llevadas a cabo durante el proceso de revolución portugués (1974-1976), específicamente la adopción simbólica de una estrategia de guerrilla en las artes: una guerrilla cultural. En primer lugar, el artículo introduce el tema y se pregunta cómo una guerrilla cultural era relevante en el contexto artístico nacional durante el periodo estudiado, asumiendo el colectivismo como la característica básica y esencial de la estrategia. A esto le sigue una discusión sobre las formas de autoorganización y acción directa lideradas por los colectivos. En esta línea, la estrategia de una guerrilla cultural se utilizó en articulación con los centros de decisión política como medio para proyectar las voces de los artistas en la esfera político-social. La conclusión subraya las circunstancias extraordinarias de Portugal en el contexto político y social de la Guerra Fría y la relevancia de las prácticas artísticas durante el periodo en aras de un entendimiento internacional de la temática.
Virtualidad y teatro ficstórico. Algunas ideas sobre el formato ‘en vivo virtual’
Authors: Ramírez Triana Camilo Andrés
Published: July 2022

¿Puede considerarse arte el formato de teatro en vivo virtual desarrollado por el Teatro Vargastejada a través de plataformas tecnológicas corrientes en la época del confinamiento pandémico? Sirve de marco a esta reflexión el ensayo de Walter Benjamin, La obra de arte en la época de su reproductibilidad técnica. El contraste de esta visión con aquella experiencia teatral nos permitió no solo dejar testimonio, sino descubrir el valor de lo hecho y pensar en su vigencia futura. Utilizando tecnología de fácil acceso, con el propósito de establecer un diálogo creativo, inteligente, crítico y permanente con los espectadores, se puede preservar el teatro como instrumento para la construcción de democracia cultural y tejido social. El formato teatral que implementamos durante el periodo de confinamiento pandémico, si bien ofrece una posibilidad creativa para el intercambio humano, no trivial e informado en la sociedad actual, depende de la relación incierta con la hoy llamada ‘presencialidad’.
New Jersey’s Barbary Diplomat (Part 1 of 2)
Authors: Freund Lawrence S.
Published: July 2022

Charles Davenport Coxe, the descendant of a prominent New Jersey family, likely inspired by the exploits of a small detachment of U.S. Marines in the spring of 1805 in Libya, accepted a commission as a second lieutenant in the Corps that fall, leading to an unanticipated (but coveted) diplomatic career. A few years earlier, Coxe had lobbied for consular appointments in France. Now, arriving aboard a U.S. warship in Tunis harbor, he found himself ordered ashore by his ship’s commander to replace the late American chargé d’affaires. While exploiting the commercial opportunities of his consular post, Coxe also became directly involved in the politics of the region, notably the seizure of American ships by both the Barbary regencies as well as European powers. In 1810, he exercised considerable diplomatic skill in avoiding a clash between Tunis and the United States over the contested ownership of a commercial vessel. Coxe departed Tunis in 1815, returning to the United States and the family home in New Jersey, although not without hope of reclaiming one of his former positions. That story, however, will unfold in part two of this piece, in the Winter 2023 issue of NJ Studies.
A Convergence of Science and Art: Simpson-Middleman Paintings Featured in Boeing Advertisements from the 1950s
Authors: Hammond Joseph W.
Published: July 2022

By 1956, the Newark, New Jersey–based, art team of Marshall S. Simpson (1900–1958) and Roslynn E. Middleman (1929–2003) had produced a large and important series of abstract paintings that depicted various interpretations of space and the night sky. Eleven of these works were featured in employment advertisements placed over the next two years by the Boeing Airplane Company (now the Boeing Company) in Scientific American and elsewhere. Signed “Simpson-Middleman,” the paintings combined science, mathematics, and art into a single medium. Only one of the original works used by Boeing can now be located. This article tells for the first time the story of the unusual Simpson-Middleman art collaboration and the Boeing ad campaign, then documents in an illustrated checklist their paintings with related captions used in each of the seventeen Scientific American advertisements that incorporated them.
“For the Defense of the Liberties and Independence of the United States”: Remembering a Forgotten Militia Post and Quasi-War Cantonment in Plainfield, New Jersey (Part 1 of 2)
Authors: Radice Ryan
Published: July 2022

The area around Green Brook Park in Plainfield, New Jersey, was the site of two significant military encampments during the American Revolution and the new nation’s first international conflict, the Quasi-War. This is part one of a two-part article arguing the significance of the site in both conflicts through an analysis of surviving primary source material. Part one concerns the Vermeule militia post during the American Revolution. In late December 1776, a militia post was established on the property of Cornelius Vermeule, a well-known Patriot and significant landholder. This militia post is examined in the context of the forage war, the petite-guerre that raged in the New Jersey countryside between January and late June 1777. Various aspects of the post are interpreted, including its role in defending the countryside from Crown depredation, what life may have been like at the post, and what impact the militia and the post at Vermeules had on the course of the forage war and raising American military skill and morale. Part two, which is forthcoming, concerns the reuse of the site as a winter cantonment by Alexander Hamilton, Aaron Ogden, William S. Smith, and three regiments of the “New Army” during the winter of 1799–1800.
Toward Camden
Authors: Gillette, Jr. Howard
Published: July 2022

Howard Gillette Jr. reviewing Toward Camden, by Mercy Romero.
Beneath the Floorboards: Whispers of the Enslaved at Marlpit Hall
Authors: Manna Leanne
Published: July 2022

Leanne Manna reviewing Beneath the Floorboards: Whispers of the Enslaved at Marlpit Hall, by the Monmouth County Historical Association.
Modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (a literature review)
Authors: Stepanchenko K. A. , Marchenko V. H. , Shmatko Yu. V. , Bondar O. B.
Published: July 2022

The aim of this review is to analyze and summarize the existing evidence regarding the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension occurs due to a decrease in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume as a result of its spontaneous leakage and has a variety of clinical and neuroimaging features, sometimes different from CSF hypotension after a lumbar puncture. Anatomical changes in spontaneous CSF leakage are complex and are often associated with structural disorders of the connective tissue, weakness of certain areas of the dura mater and its diverticulosis. One consequence of decreased CSF volume is brain descent. This leads to traction of pain-sensitive brain structures and, therefore, to headaches that are orthostatic or with some orthostatic features. The methods of choice to identify the site of CSF leak are CT-myelography and radioisotope cisternography. Epidural blood patch is the main treatment in most cases.
Conclusions. The study on the most informative and minimally invasive methods to locate the site of CSF leak, conservative and surgical methods of treatment efficacy evaluation depending on the etiological factors of spontaneous intracranial hypotension are extremely important and promising scientific fields requiring further research with the development of personalized approaches considering the individual characteristics of each patient.
GLN27GLU polymorphism in the β2-adrenergic receptor gene in patients with bronchial asthma
Authors: Kachkovska V. V.
Published: July 2022

The aim of the study was to analyze the frequency of the polymorphism in the β2-adrenoceptor (Gln27Glu) gene in patients with bronchial asthma (BA) and to assess the association of the polymorphism with disease risks.
Materials and methods. A total of 553 patients with BA and 95 apparently healthy individuals were examined. The Gln27Glu polymorphism in the β2-АR gene (rs1042714) was determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using SPSS-17 program.
Results. The allele and genotype distribution of the Gln27Glu polymorphism in the β2-АR gene in apparently healthy individuals and BA patients was consistent with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). The analysis revealed that heterozygotes for the Gln27Glu polymorphic variant in the β2-АR gene were more frequent among BA patients vs. apparently healthy individuals (P = 0.018). The minor allele homozygotes (Glu/Glu) were 1.5 times more frequent among BA patients vs. the controls only in terms of trends without statistical significance. There was no statistically significant difference in the genotype distribution of the studied polymorphic variant between men and women in the control group and BA patient group (P = 0.55; P = 0.47). The analysis of BA risk showed a statistically significant association within the dominant (P = 0.01), super-dominant (P = 0.02), and additive (P = 0.01) models. The minor allele carriers Glu (predominantly heterozygotes) had 1.9 times higher risk of BA in the dominant model and 1.6 times higher risk of BA in the additive model vs. the major allele homozygotes.
Conclusions. The statistically significant difference in the distribution of the homozygous and heterozygous genotypes of the β2-AR gene (Gln27Glu) polymorphism was found between asthma patients and apparently healthy individuals regardless of sex. The minor allele carriers (Gln/Glu genotypes) had the higher risk of BA vs. the major allele homozygotes.
Pathobiochemical aspects of alcoholic cardiomyopathy. The role of hydrogen sulfide in the mechanism of cardiocytoprotection (a review)
Authors: Voloshchuk N. I. , Rudenko K. V. , Matiash O. R. , Denysiuk O. M.
Published: July 2022

Aim: systematization of knowledge about the pathobiochemical mechanisms of heart disease in alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACMP) and the search for promising ways of cardiocytoprotection.
Alcohol abuse is an important medical and social problem, risk factor for metabolic disorders, malnutrition, cancers, dementia, neuropathy, and others. Consumption of large amounts of ethanol increases a risk of sudden cardiac death and cardiac arrhythmias. The term “alcoholic cardiomyopathy” describes a heart disease in people with a history of long-term alcohol use. ACMP is characterized by left ventricular dilatation, decreased wall thickness and (at the later stages) decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (less than 40 %).
Analysis of literature data about the mechanisms of alcohol-induced cardiotoxicity revealed trigger factors for myocardial damage. Negative effect of ethanol on the heart is realized through induction of oxidative-nitrosative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, fibrogenesis, hypoenergetic state and ion pump dysfunction, development of endothelial dysfunction, impaired ribosomal synthesis. In-depth study of biochemical mechanisms and identification of new molecular targets, integrated into the pathogenesis of ACMP, will optimize the pharmacotherapy for this pathology.
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), is a metabolic factor involved in the regulation of cardiovascular activity. Use of exogenous H2S has potent cardioprotective properties in cardio-vascular diseases. Donors of H2S and H2S-releasing drugs (hybrid molecules – H2S-aspirin, H2S-NO) show a powerful cardioprotective role in various pathological conditions. Therefore, it is advisable to further study the role of H2S system in the pathogenesis of ACMP to develop new approaches to more effective treatment of this disease.
Conclusions. Modulation of the H2S level in the organism may be a predictor of the severity of myocardial damage, as well as a promising vector in pharmacotherapy, including alcoholic cardiomyopathy.
Gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19-associated multisystem inflammatory response syndrome in children
Authors: Avramenko І. Yu. , Kosmynina N. S. , Pidvalna U. Ye. , Basa N. R.
Published: July 2022

Aim: analysis of the course of SARS-Cov-2-associated multisystem inflammatory response syndrome (MIS-C) with gastrointestinal disorders in comparison with MIS-C without gastrointestinal manifestations in children of the Lviv region.
Materials and methods. Analysis of medical records of children under the age of 15 years who were treated at the CNE LRC LRCCH “ОHMATDYТ” with a diagnosis of MIS-C associated with SARS-Cov-2.
Results. Gastrointestinal manifestations of MIS-C associated with SARS-Cov-2 were observed in 52.38 % of children, and other symptoms in this group of patients included headache and cough. Levels of specific SARS-Cov-2 IgG did not differ significantly in children with and without gastrointestinal symptoms. In contrast, patients with MIS-C without gastrointestinal manifestations were more likely to have myocardial dysfunction, requiring longer hospitalization. Children with gastrointestinal manifestations of MIS-C were more likely to be obese.
Conclusions. The severity of the clinical course of multi-inflammatory systemic response syndrome associated with SARS-Cov-2 did not depend on the severity and time elapsed since acute coronavirus disease and was not associated with gastrointestinal manifestations, which were observed in 52.38 % of patients. Cough and headache, even in the absence of such typical MIS-C manifestations as rash, scleral changes and swelling of the extremities, could be symptoms allowing a surgeon to think about conservative management of a patient with acute abdominal syndrome. MIS-C associated with SARS-Cov-2 should be included in clinical protocol guiding management of acute appendicitis in children.
The use of microvascular endothelial function indicators to calculate functional age of the microcirculation system
Authors: Korkushko O. V. , Shatylo V. B. , Bondarenko O. V. , Pysaruk A. V. , Antonyuk-Shchehlova I. A. , Naskalova S. S. , Duzhak H. V. , Bodretska L. A. , Shapovalenko I. S.
Published: July 2022

Aim. To find out the possibility of using microvascular endothelial function indicators to determine the biological age (BA) of a person.
Materials and methods. 390 patients aged 20–29 years (n = 31), 30–39 (n = 22), 40–49 (n = 45), 50–59 years (n = 72), 60–69 years (n = 129) and 70–79 years (n = 91) were examined. The functional state of the microvascular endothelium was analyzed by laser Doppler flowmetry on a BLF-21D (Transonic Systems Inc, USA) at the internal surface of the middle third of the forearm.
Platelet aggregation activity was measured on a two-channel laser platelet aggregation analyzer 23 LA (Biola, Russia) by turbidimetric method, blood viscosity – using a rotational viscometer AKR-2 (Russia) at a shear rate of 10–200 s-1 with the deformation index and erythrocyte aggregation index calculation.
Results. There was a statistically significant decrease in the volumetric rate of the skin blood flow (SBF) at rest and at the peak of post-occlusion reactive hyperemia, a reduced recovery time of SBF to baseline values from the age of 50–59 years, indicating endothelial dysfunction with aging. A progression of endothelial dysfunction in persons older than 60 years was accompanied by hemostatic parameters deterioration: increased blood viscosity, increased both spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation activity.
Blood viscosity was statistically significantly increased from the age of 40. The formula for calculating BA using indicators of the microvascular endothelium functional state, platelet aggregation capacity and anthropometric indicators was obtained.
Conclusions. The formula for calculating human BA using indicators of the microvascular endothelium functional state, platelet aggregation capacity and anthropometric indicators has been developed. Sufficiently high accuracy determination of the microcirculation system functional age based on the developed method has been shown.