bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different arrival times of CM and CI-like bodies from the outer Solar System to the asteroid belt
Authors: Anderson Sarah , Vernazza Pierre , Brož Miroslav
Published: May 2024

Understanding the provenance of CI and CM chondrites, the most primitive materials in our meteorite collections, is critical for shedding light on the Solar System’s early evolution [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] and contextualizing findings from recent sample return missions [6, 7]. Here we show that the parent bodies of CM chondrites originate from the Saturn formation region, whereas those of CI chondrites originate essentially from the primordial trans-Uranian disk. Using N-body simulations to investigate the effect of giant planet growth and inward Type-I migration [8, 9], along with the current observed distribution of CM, CI, and comet-like (P types) bodies in the asteroid belt [10], we demonstrate that CI and CM-like bodies must have been implanted at different times in the belt, while CI and comet-like bodies were implanted at the same time. These different implantation periods are imposed by the fact that the gas disk profile entirely governs the radial distribution of bodies implanted by aerodynamic drag in the asteroid belt. A preferred location coincides with the inner edge of a ‘gap’ opened by Jupiter. Saturn’s growth likely drove the migration of CM-like bodies, whereas CI and comet-like bodies were transported at a later stage, during the outward migration of Uranus and Neptune driven by remaining planetesimals. Since CM chondrites are chondrule-rich, it follows that chondrule formation occurred mostly inward of the ice giant’s formation zone (ď10 au). A by-product of our simulations is that only CM-like (not CI-like) bodies contributed to the water budget of the telluric planets.
Qanat Discharge Prediction Using a Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Samani Saeideh , Vadiati Meysam , Kisi Ozgur , Ghasemi Leyla , Farajzadeh Reza
Published: May 2024

The Qanat (also known as kariz) is one of the significant water resources in many arid and semiarid regions. The present research aims to use machine learning techniques for Qanat discharge (QD) prediction and find a practical model that predicts QD well. Gene expression programming (GEP), artificial neural network (ANN), group method of data handling (GMDH), least-square support vector machine (LSSVM) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), are employed to predict one-, two-, and five-months time step ahead QD in an unconfined aquifer. QD for one, two, and three lag-times (QDt−1, QDt−2, QDt−3), QD for adjacent Qanat, the main meteorological components (Tt, ETt, Pt) and GWL for one, two, and three lag-times are utilized as input dataset to accomplish accurate QD prediction. The GMDH model, according to its best results, had promising accuracy in predicting multi-step ahead monthly QD, followed by the LSSVM, ANFIS, ANN and GEP, respectively.
The effect of different weaning strategies on piglet growth performance, onset of feed intake and gut health
Authors: Leal Diego Feitosa , de Paula Ygor Henrique , Faria Caroline Beatriz de Sousa , Costa Gabriel Augusto Martins e , Tavares Izabel Cristina , CANTARELLI VINICIUS
Published: May 2024

In the present study, we evaluated the effects of weaning strategy on piglet growth performance and intestinal health. A total of 254 crossbred piglets were used. The experimental period lasted 45 days. The piglets were assigned to the fallowing treatments: early strategic weaning (ESW, n = 85), piglets weaned at 16 days of age and transferred to the pre-nursery unit; strategic segregated weaning (SSW, n = 85), piglets weaned at 21 days of age and kept in the farrowing crate until 24 days of age; and conventional weaning (CW, n = 84), piglet weaned at 24 days of age and transferred directly to the nursery unity; this experimental group was used as a control. Piglets from all treatments were transferred to the nursery unit at 24 days of age. For the nursery phase three periods of evaluation was considered: nursery phase I (0–7 d), nursery phase II (7–14 d), and nursery phase III (14–21 days). Piglets from the ESW and CW had greater (P < 0.001) ADG in the lactation period 16–21 days. The BW at 24 day of age was higher (P < 0.001) for piglets in the ESW and CW groups. In the nursery phase I, the ESW group had higher (P = 0.003) DFI. Piglets from the ESW group had higher (P = 0.004) BW at the end of the experimental period. The ESW and SSW groups had a higher percentage of piglets (88% and 92%, respectively; P < 0,001) consuming feed in the first 24 h after transference to the nursery facility. When the total experimental period is considered, a reduction (P < 0.001) in the incidence of diarrhea was observed for ESW piglets. Overall, there was no effect of weaning strategy on intestinal permeability. In conclusion, the results of our study showed that the weaning strategy, Segregated Strategic Weaning, can be used to mitigate the deleterious effects of early weaning.
Parents' Distress & Demands for Children with Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment in Western China: A qualitative study
Authors: Liu Tao , Xu Lifang , Shen Yuqing , Chen Zefang , Yao Juan , mo lin
Published: May 2024

Cancer-related Cognitive impairment is one of the common complications in children with cancer, yet our understanding of their experience with cognitive deficits remains limited.From the perspective of parents, this study aims to understand the distress and demands faced by children with cancer-related cognitive dysfunction, in order to provide references for developing targeted intervention strategies for these children.This study used a purposeful sampling method to conduct semi-structured interviews with the parents of 18 children with cancer-related cognitive impairment. The transcripts were analyzed using Colaizzi's method. Three categories and 11 subcategories were obtained from the data analysis.(a)Parents face multiple distressing symptoms of cognitive in children,including speech communication difficulties, impaired executive function,attention deficit, and intellectual disability.(b)Presistent negative emotions,including anxiety and worry,complaints and resentment,negative avoidance and positive experiences after psychological adjustment.(c)Multiple needs, including the need for disease information, the need for professional management, and an urgent need for more external support.Parents of children with cancer-related cognitive impairments are faced with the burden of multiple symptoms, coupled with significant confusion and demands regarding the symptoms of cognitive dysfunction. It is imperative for medical professionals to strengthen the dissemination of information related to cancer-associated cognitive impairments, while promptly recognizing and intervening in related symptoms. Rational allocation of resources, establishment of targeted support systems, and enhancing social acceptance are strategies that policymakers may consider.These efforts hold immense significance, as they play a pivotal role in elevating the cognitive capabilities and enhancing the overall quality of life for children afflicted with cancer.
The effect of neurofeedback and somatosensory exercises on balance and physical performance of elderly individuals: A parallel single-blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sedighi Saeedeh , Sahebozamani Mansour , Eslami Mahin , Babakhanian Shima , Alimoradi Mohammad , Iranmanesh Mojtaba
Published: May 2024

This study explores the impact of 5 weeks of neurofeedback and somatosensory exercises on balance and physical performance in elderly communities, aiming to mitigate age-related declines in sensory processing and motor function. Sixty healthy elderly men were randomly assigned to one of three groups: neurofeedback + somatosensory training, somatosensory training alone, or a control group. The interventions were conducted over a period of 5 weeks, with three sessions per week. Before and after interventions, static balance by Stork test, dynamic balance by Timed up and Go test and physical performance by Continuous Scale-Physical Functional Performance-10 (CS-PFP—10) test were measured. Significant improvements were observed in balance and physical performance among healthy elderly men following 5 weeks of neurofeedback + somatosensory training or somatosensory training alone. The Stork test (open and closed eyes) and Timed Up and Go test demonstrated significant reductions in duration across both intervention groups (p = 0.001), indicating improved balance and mobility. However, no significant difference was observed among groups in the CS-PFP-10 test (p = 0.066). The results demonstrated that incorporating neurofeedback training into somatosensory exercises can offer benefits for healthy elderly individuals in terms of balance and mobility parameters.
Co-designing chip package structure on the ceramic vapor chamber for the high-conducting heat packaging
Authors: Bai Pengfei , Wang Huawei , Zhang Xiaotong , Cui He , Tang Yifan , Liang Shaoyu , Li Shixiao , Zhou Guofu
Published: May 2024

Conventional chip packaging generates a huge thermal resistance due to the low thermal conductivity of the packaging materials that separate chip dies and coolant. Some chip package structures with liquid cooling are developed, but at the same time, these will bring additional risks to running safety. Here we propose and fabricate a completely closed high-conducting heat chip package based on the passive phase change and the compatible material with the chip dies: chip on vapor chamber (CoVC), to realize the rapid diffusion of the heat of hot spots, so as to completely eliminate the energy consumption of the refrigeration which usually takes up the largest share in the power of the heat management. Multi-scale wicks and bionic vein structures are applied to CoVC. The multi-scale wick could increase the turning heat load of the CoVC from 20 W to 140 W, which was a 600% increase. The combination of bionic vein structure and CoVC has an increase of 164% in the heat transfer performance. The thermal resistance of the package was only a third of that traditional package. This means that the structure of CoVC has a good ability in thermal conducting and can reduce energy consumption for heat dissipation.
Evaluation of high-resolution precipitation datasets CHIRPS, TerraClimate and TAMSAT over the Enkangala Escarpment of South Africa
Authors: Abubakar Hadisu Bello
Published: May 2024

This study evaluates the performance three high resolution rainfall products (CHIRPS, TerraClimate and TAMSAT) with reference to ground rain observations network of 25 weather stations data over Enkangala Escarpment of South Africa, for the period of 40 years. We used continuous, categorical, and volumetric indices, and at various elevations, and temporal scales (monthly, seasonal, and annual). CHIRPS have shown the best statistical scores at monthly, seasonal (DJF, SON, and MAM) and annual scales owing to it high r values, lower RMSE, higher IA and relatively low bias for the magnitude. The correlation analysis of elevation shows CHIRPS resolve problem of orographic rainfall better than TerraClimate and TAMSAT. Overall, the underestimation of rainfall by CHIRPS at monthly scale is approximately 1.6 mm, seasonal (6.5–15) mm and annual 29.47 mm while TerraClimate overestimate at annual scale (17.1) mm with higher RSME. Based on the categorical metrics it shows both data set can detect rainfall estimate at various scale but varies with increase in elevation. TAMSAT provide poor estimations at monthly and annual scale but render it not suitable for hydrological studies over Enkangala Escarpment. We recommend CHIRPS as alternative to station dataset.
Integrated Influence of Changing LULC and Aridity on Runoff Curve Numbers
Authors: Prashant Prashant , Mishra Surendra Kumar , Lohani Anil Kumar
Published: May 2024

The popular Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) method is widely used for direct surface runoff estimation from a given amount of rainfall in a watershed. The present urban sprawl, socioeconomic anthropogenic activities, and environmental changes all have affected the cosmic extent of land use-land cover (LULC) complex and climate, both spatially and temporally, which directly affect the parameter curve number (CN) and, in turn, the direct surface runoff. Therefore, the study propels the disparity of representative CNs of SCS-CN methodology, which is usually derived from NEH-4 tables based on land use and soil type (CNLU−ST) and from the observed rainfall(P)-runoff(Q) events (CNP−Q). The annual series of CNP−Q and CNLU−ST (from 1980 to 2020) showed the existence of trends and the inconsistency between CNP−Q and CNLU−ST for the Ong River basin (India). The land use and land cover (LULC) alteration analysis utilized the supervised machine learning algorithm and indicated two major LULC classes as the contributing factors for increasing CNs. Furthermore, the study attributes the implications of shifting LULC dynamics (~ 70%) and climate variations (~ 30%) to the watershed. Employing Aridity Index (AI), as a parameter in solving the disparity for representative CNs for annual/decadal values revealed strong evidence with a fit of high R2 range (0.72, 0.99) of LULC and aridity influencing CNs.
p.L1795F LRRK2 variant is a common cause of Parkinson’s disease in Central Europe
Authors: Ostrozovicova Miriam , Tamas Gertrud , Dušek Petr , Grofik Milan , Han Vladimir , Holly Petr , Jech Robert , Kalinova Katarina , Klivenyi Peter , Kovacs Norbert , Kulcsarova Kristina , Kurca Egon , Lackova Alexandra , Lee Hamin , Lewis Patrick , Magocova Veronika , Marekova Maria , Murphy David , Necpal Jan , Pinter David , Rabajdova Miroslava , Růžička Evžen , Serranova Tereza , Smilowska Katarzyna , Soos Krisztina , Straka Igor , Svorenova Tatiana , Valkovic Peter , Zarubova Katerina , Gdovinova Zuzana , Houlden Henry , Rizig Mie , Skorvanek Matei
Published: May 2024

Pathogenic variants in LRRK2 are one of the most common genetic risk factors for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recently, the lesser-known p.L1795F variant was proposed as a strong genetic risk factor for PD, however, further families are currently lacking in literature. A multicentre young onset and familial PD cohort (n = 220) from 9 movement disorder centres across Central Europe within the CEGEMOD consortium was screened for rare LRRK2 variants using whole exome sequencing data. We identified 4 PD cases with heterozygous p.L1795F variant. All 4 cases were characterised by akinetic-rigid PD phenotype with early onset of severe motor fluctuations, 2 receiving LCIG therapy and 2 implanted with STN DBS; all 4 cases showed unsatisfactory effect of advanced therapies on motor fluctuations. Our data also suggest that p.L1795F may represent the most common currently known pathogenic LRRK2 variant in Central Europe compared to the more studied p.G2019S, being present in 1.81% of PD cases within the Central European cohort and 3.23% of familial PD cases. Together with the ongoing clinical trials for LRRK2 inhibitors, this finding emphasises the urgent need for more ethnic diversity in PD genetic research.
Vaping-associated illness: a reassessment
Authors: Schiffman Jonathan S.
Published: May 2024

Background: Recently, there was widespread presentation of respiratory distress as well as other organ system involvement is patients with a history of vaping. There continue to be reports of vaping-associated illness. This has come to be known as e-cigarette and vaping product associated lung injury (EVALI). The mechanism of injury remains unclear. Objectives: This study reexamines the clinical characteristics of patients affected by vaping and suggests that lung injury may not be the primary organ dysfunction but be part of a larger systemic illness.
Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of all patients presenting to one hospital identified as having vaping-associated illness.
Results: 14 patients were identified ranging in age from 15 to 33 years. Patients had a broad range of clinical severity. Respiratory symptoms occurred in 64%, gastrointestinal symptoms in 57%, fever in 78%, neurological symptoms in 15% and other constitutional symptoms in 50%. 35% presented with no respiratory symptoms.
Conclusion: While the lungs are certainly involved in vaping-associated illness, recognizing the extent of involvement of other organ systems may provide insight into the pathophysiology of the disease. Providers should not focus on lung injury exclusively but be aware that vaping-associated illness may present with abdominal pain or headache or even fever without other complaints.
Dietary intake and risk of metabolic syndrome in long-term survivors of pediatric allogeneic hema-topoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Müller Klaus , Pedersen Louise , Gerbek Tina , Sorum Maria , Muhic Ena , Christiansen Terkel , Kok Karin , Sørensen Kaspar , Mølgaard Christian
Published: May 2024

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a late effect of stem cell transplantation and has been ascribed to conditioning including total body irradiation (TBI), but the influence of lifestyle factors has not yet been studied. We explored the dietary intake and MetS in 85 long-term survivors (median age 30 years and median follow-up time 20 years). Results: Overall, the distribution of fatty acid deviated from the recommendations with a higher intake of saturated fat and a lower intake of monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fat, and N-3 fatty acids, but was comparable to that of the background population. The prevalence of MetS was 27%, corresponding to that of the elderly background population. Both in the total cohort and within the subgroup treated with TBI we found a higher fat intake in patients with fulfilling MetS criteria (36.8E% [range: 27.2-51.2E%] versus 32.0E% [range: 24.6-42.1E%], (P = 0.013)). This was confirmed in a multivariate analysis adjusted for TBI, sex and age at follow-up (OR 1.20 (1.06–1.39) P = 0.008). Conclusion: Although comparable with the diet in the background population the intake of fat is a key factor for the occurrence of MetS in young TBI treated survivors. This highlights the importance of a reduced fat intake in survivors conditioned with TBI.
Large-scale global retrospective study on the interaction between ancestry and risk of comorbid autoimmune diseases in patients with pemphigus
Authors: Saurabh Rochi , Cani Anikamila , Möller Marius , Busch Hauke
Published: May 2024

The pemphigus family of skin blistering diseases represents a rare yet potentially life-threatening condition characterized by multiple known genetic loci associated with other autoimmune disorders. While several studies have empirically indicated an increased risk of developing additional autoimmune diseases in individuals with pemphigus, the scarcity of data and the rarity of pemphigus have hindered efforts to establish and generalize these associations across diverse populations. In this study, we analyzed a dataset comprising 126 million patients, including 18,000 with pemphigus, to assess the likelihood of developing any of 74 autoimmune diseases following a diagnosis of pemphigus. For a subset of 26 diseases from this list with adequate patient numbers, we conducted further case-control retrospective analyses to quantify the odds and hazard ratios of developing comorbid conditions across various ethnicities. Our findings reveal highly significant and generalizable associations between pemphigus and pemphigoid diseases, discoid lupus erythematosus, lichen planus, and undifferentiated connective tissue disease, among others.
Development and piloting of an online course to improve knowledge, confidence and attitudes towards triaging images of skin lesions submitted online in Primary Care
Authors: Ntessalen Maria , Krasniqi Albana , Murchie Peter
Published: May 2024

Background Melanoma is the 5th commonest cancer in the UK and survivors require frequent and thorough skin checks. During the Achieving Self-directed Integrated Cancer Aftercare (ASICA) trial, melanoma survivors used an app to submit images of concerning lesions for assessment by a dermatology nurse. In the past, online courses have been used to train non-specialist primary care practitioners (PCPs) in this skill.Objectives This study aimed to determine whether an online course could increase knowledge, confidence, and attitudes towards skin image triage in PCPs in the Grampian area.Methods Preliminary discussions were held with PCPs to determine the need for an online course. The course was designed at the University of Aberdeen and included an introduction to the skin, case studies and quizzes on a variety of skin conditions based on melanoma survivors’ submissions via the ASICA app. Two pre- and post-course questionnaires were administered to all participants to 1) assess knowledge gained and 2) assess any improvements in confidence and attitudes towards triaging. All PCPs in the Grampian area were invited to participate. Results were analysed using a paired sample T-test.Results The course was advertised to all GP practices in the Grampian area and 38 PCPs completed all its stages. Undertaking the course improved all PCPs’ confidence and attitudes towards triaging (p < 0.001). It also improved knowledge in all non-GP PCPs (p = 0.01). Most participants found the course useful; thought it was at the right level of difficulty, right format and thought the design was good.Conclusions Our online course in triaging skin lesions submitted digitally to PCPs was able to improve knowledge, confidence, and attitudes towards triaging. The course was acceptable in its design and was deemed useful and applicable to practice. Further research should investigate the effect the course has on secondary care referral numbers.
An Inverted U-shaped Relationship between Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Hypertension in Overweight and Obese Populations: Evidence from a Large-scale Health Screening Data
Authors: Sun Yongbing , Li Fengli , Zhou Yang , Liu Ao , Lin Xinbei , Zou Zhi , Lv Xue , Zhou Jing , Li Zhonglin , Wu Xiaoling , Dou Shewei , Zhang Michael , Zhu Jiadong , Chen Yalong , Xiao Xinguang , Hu Yangxi , Li Hao , Li Yongli
Published: May 2024

Background
The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is associated with the development and progression of hypertension, and obesity is a significant risk factor for hypertension. However, the relationship between NLR and overweight and obese hypertension remains unclear.
Methods
This study was a cross-sectional analysis of data from 40,623 participants with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24 kg/m2 who were health screened from January 2018 to December 2023 at Henan Provincial People's Hospital. Participants were divided into groups with hypertension and those without hypertension, according to hypertension diagnostic criteria. The NLR, our dependent variable, was determined using the equation [neutrophil/ lymphocyte]. We explored the association between NLR and hypertension in overweight and obese individuals through multivariate logistic regression, generalized additive models, smoothed curve fitting, analysis of threshold effects, and subgroup analysis.
Results
After adjusting for other covariates, increased risk of hypertension was still associated with an elevated NLR [OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.20–1.36; P < 0.001; P for trend < 0.001, when Q4 was compared with Q1 in model II]. Smoothed curve fitting showed an inverse U-shaped relationship between NLR and risk of hypertension, with a decreased risk of hypertension when NLR was greater than 2.91. In addition, subgroup analyses showed that the relationship between NLR and hypertension was robust across gender, age, BMI, and occupational subgroups.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrated a significant inverted U-shaped association between NLR and hypertension in overweight and obese Chinese adults.
How do temperature and plant resistance shape the colonisation dynamics of wheat plants by Rhopalosiphum padi L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV)?
Authors: Engel Eduardo , Lau Douglas , Zanini Wellington Rogério , Godoy Wesley A. C.
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the colonisation dynamics of wheat plants by Rhopalosiphum padi L. and Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV), considering air temperature and host plant genetic resistance as key factors. Bioassays were conducted at different temperatures (5 to 35°C) with two wheat genotypes, partially resistant (BRS Timbaúva) and susceptible (Embrapa 16) to R. padi. Aphid dispersal was assessed every two days, cumulative thermal sum was estimated, and the proportion of plants with R. padi colonies was recorded. After 15 and 30 days, the total aphid population and its age structure on each plant were determined, as well as the viral titres of BYDV-PAV (ELISA). Generalised linear models were used to analyse of colonization data. The optimal temperatures were more explored with a logistic growth model analysis. The effect of genetic resistance was temperature-dependent; at 25°C, R. padi colonised Embrapa 16 more rapidly than BRS Timbaúva. Plant seropositivity differed significantly at the end of the experiment, with a higher percentage of seropositive plants for BRS Timbaúva, especially at temperatures optimal for R. padi development. These results were used to estimate the relationship between aphid populations and indirect damage derived from BYDV transmission, crucial for proper pest management and forming the basis for models estimating aphid focus progression, BYDV dissemination, and grain yield reduction.
Comparison of EfficientNet-B0 and Res2Net Models for Distinguishing Malignant and Benign Pulmonary Nodules
Authors: Shao Meihua , Xu Gang , Chen Xu , Zhang Cui , Tian Fengjuan , Ji Hongli , He Linyang , Yang Dengfa , Shi Hengfeng , Wang Jian
Published: May 2024

To develop and validate two models for convolutional neural networks (CNNs), namely EfficientNet-B0 and Res2Net, constructed from non-contrast CT images for discriminate malignant and benign pulmonary nodules.We recruited 3579 cases of solitary pulmonary nodules, among which 335 cases were benign and 3244 cases were malignant. The EfficientNet-B0 model and Res2Net model were constructed as two-dimensional(2D), and three- dimensional (3D) models, respectively. Furthermore, 4 clinical factors (sex, age, smoking status, and tumor marker) and all clinical factors were combined with Res2Net model to build Res2Net-4F model, and Res2Net-20F model, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were utilized to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency and discriminative capability of these models, and ROC curves of these models were compared with Delong test.The diagnostic accuracy of Res2Net, Res2Net-4F, and Res2Net-20F [areas under ROC curves (AUC) = 0.9301, AUC = 0.9811, and AUC = 0.9357, respectively] were higher than that of the EfficientNet B0 (AUC = 0.8801) in the training data set. The results were confirmed by the validation data set (AUC = 0.8282 for the Res2Net; AUC = 0.8299 for Res2Net-4F; AUC = 0.8468 for Res2Net-20F; AUC = 0.7737 for the EfficientNet B0). There was a significant difference between Res2Net model and EfficientNet-B0 model in discriminating malignant and benign pulmonary nodules in both the training data set and validation set (Delong test, both p < 0.05). We developed two novel deep learning models to distinguish malignant and benign pulmonary nodules, and the Res2Net model showed better differentiation accuracy and sensitivity than EfficientNet-B0 model.
Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide increased Nicotiana tabacum L. resistance against drought by the improved photosynthesis and antioxidant system
Authors: Wang Hang , Moussa Mohamed G. , Huang Wuxing , Han Dan , Dang Bingjun , Hao Haohao , Zhang Li , Xu Zicheng , Jia Wei
Published: May 2024

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as a potential regulator of plant responses to abiotic stress. In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) on tobacco seedlings subjected to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced drought stress. Compared to control conditions, drought stress significantly reduced several parameters in tobacco seedlings, including shoot dry weight (22.83%), net photosynthesis (37.55%), stomatal conductance (33.56%), maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) (11.31%), photochemical quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSⅡ) (25.51%), and photochemical quenching (qP) (18.17%). However, applying NaHS, an H2S donor, mitigated these effects, ultimately enhancing photosynthetic performance in tobacco seedlings. Furthermore, optimal NaHS concentration (0.4 mmol/L) effectively increased leaf relative water content (RWC) and root activity while promoting the accumulation of soluble sugars and proline content to maintain osmotic pressure balance under drought stress. NaHS pretreatment also bolstered the antioxidant defense system in leaves, leading to a reduction in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and an increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). Consequently, NaHS protected chloroplast structure and attenuated chlorophyll degradation, thus mitigating severe oxidative damage. Overall, our findings provide valuable insights into exogenous NaHS's role in enhancing tobacco drought tolerance. These results lay the foundation for further research utilizing H2S-based treatments to improve crop resilience to water deficit conditions.
Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 on the Epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii: A Longitudinal Study Spanning from 2014 to 2023
Authors: Zhang Wei , Lei Chunmei , Liu Jianhua , Yang Wenhang , Zhao Jianqing , Zhan Changwen , Liu Ziye , Wang Xinsheng , Zhang Zhihua
Published: May 2024

Background
Understanding the changes in the epidemiological characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii before and after the COVID-19 pandemic may provide a scientific basis for clinical treatment and public health management.
Methods
Over a 10-year span from 2014 to 2023, a tertiary hospital in China separated A. baumannii isolated from patients according to whether it was carbapenem-resistant or carbapenem-sensitive. Information, such as sample type, drug sensitivities, MIC50, seasonal differences, and variances in patient sex, age, department, and outpatient and inpatient status, was examined.
Results
A total of 3,498 isolates of A. baumannii were assessed, including 1909 (54.6%) carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB), 1501 (42.9%) carbapenem-sensitive A. baumannii (CSAB) isolates, and 88 (2.5%) carbapenem-intermediate A. baumannii isolates. Since the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, the isolation rate of A. baumannii in outpatients had sharply decreased to 6.4%, while it had surged to 110% in inpatients. Simultaneously, the proportion of CRAB isolates had decreased to 67.3%, whereas that of CSAB isolates had increased to 150.8%. Notably, overall, the resistance rate of A. baumannii to 17 antibiotics decreased, with the most significant decreases in the combined sulfamethoxazole and amikacin, with decreases to 51.1% and 53.9%, respectively (p < 0.05). However there was an increase in the usage rate of moxifloxacin to 146.9%. The distribution proportion of CSAB in the third quarter was 0.6 times higher than that in the other three quarters, while the distribution of CRAB throughout the year was relatively balanced.
Conclusions
During the COVID-19 pandemic, significant changes occurred in people’s lifestyle. The notable decrease in the CRAB isolation rate highlights the effectiveness of strict isolation measures for controlling the transmission of drug-resistant bacteria in hospitals.
Adenosine stress myocardial contrast echocardiography combined with myocardial work function in patients with ischemia and nonobstructive coronary artery disease
Authors: ZHANG Xuemei , LI Yuhan , LI Fengsheng , DOU Shuixiu , ZHANG Feifei , LOU Ping , JIN Jing , ZHAO Ying , ZHAO Xin
Published: May 2024

Objective To evaluate the abnormal myocardial perfusion in patients with INOCA using adenosine-stressed myocardial contrast echocardiography (AS-MCE) combined with myocardial work (MW).
Methods A total of 102 patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) or Coronary Artery CT Angiography (CCTA) for chest pain in Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were enrolled, those with normal results were then examined by AS-MCE, and 42 patients with INOCA results were classified as the INOCA group, while 30 normal results were classified as the control group. Conventional parameters were measured by two-dimensional echocardiography, left ventricular ejection fraction (Simpson's method) was measured, and the global longitudinal strain (GLS) and MW parameters of the left ventricle were analyzed by the Echo PAC (version 203) workstation. The myocardial perfusion parameters: peak signal intensity (A-value), curve upward slope (β value) and A×β value (reflecting myocardial blood volume) were obtained by analyzing the perfusion parameters of each group of all subjects under rest and stress states using QLab software, and the differences between the above two groups were compared.
Results The INOCA group and the control group did not show significant differences in gender, age, heart rate, weight, height, body surface area, prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, hyperlipidemia, alcohol history, smoking history, and conventional ultrasound parameters such as left atrial diameter, left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters and volumes, LVEF, diastolic mitral valve velocity, E/A, e, EDT, E/e, MW parameters, and A-value, β-value, and A-× β value at rest (P>0.05, Table 1). However, after hypertension medication, the parameters in the INOCA group decreased significantly compared to those in the control group, and the β-value in the INOCA group was significantly lower than that in the control group at rest (P<0.05).
Conclusion Compared to myocardial work, adenosine-stressed myocardial echocardiography is more suitable for the clinical diagnosis of ischemia with non-obstructive coronary artery disease and its application is worthy of clinical practice promotion.
Analysis of Intracellular Communication Reveals Consistent Gene Changes Associated with Early-Stage Acne Skin
Authors: Deng Min , Odhiambo Woodvine O. , Qin Min , To Thao Tam , Brewer Gregory M. , Kheshvadjian Alexander R. , Cheng Carol , Agak George W.
Published: May 2024

A comprehensive understanding of the intricate cellular and molecular changes governing the complex interactions between cells within acne lesions is currently lacking. Herein, we analyzed early papules from six subjects with active acne vulgaris, utilizing single-cell and high-resolution spatial RNA sequencing. We observed significant changes in signaling pathways across seven different cell types when comparing lesional skin samples (LSS) to healthy skin samples (HSS). Using CellChat, we constructed an atlas of signaling pathways for the HSS, identifying key signal distributions and cell-specific genes within individual clusters. Further, our comparative analysis revealed changes in 49 signaling pathways across all cell clusters in the LSS— 4 exhibited decreased activity, whereas 45 were upregulated, suggesting that acne significantly alters cellular dynamics. We identified ten molecules, including GRN, IL-13RA1 and SDC1 that were consistently altered in all donors. Subsequently, we focused on the function of GRN and IL-13RA1 in TREM2 macrophages and keratinocytes as these cells participate in inflammation and hyperkeratinization in the early stages of acne development. We evaluated their function in TREM2 macrophages and the HaCaT cell line. We found that GRN increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-18, CCL5, and CXCL2 in TREM2 macrophages. Additionally, the activation of IL-13RA1 by IL-13 in HaCaT cells promoted the dysregulation of genes associated with hyperkeratinization, including KRT17, KRT16, and FLG. These findings suggest that modulating the GRN-SORT1 and IL-13-IL-13RA1 signaling pathways could be a promising approach for developing new acne treatments.
Greater inhibition of female rat binge alcohol intake by adrenergic receptor blockers using a novel Two-Shot rat binge drinking model
Authors: Sergio Thatiane De Oliveira , Smith Rebecca Jane , Wean Sarah E. , Engleman Eric A. , Hopf Frederic W.
Published: May 2024

Binge drinking (BD) contributes strongly to the harms of alcohol use disorder. Most rodent models do not result in binge-level blood alcohol concentrations (BACs), and to better understand individual and sex differences in neurobiological mechanisms related to BD, the use of outbred rat strains would be valuable. Here, we developed a novel BD model where after 3+ months of intermittent access to 20% alcohol Wistar rats drank, twice a week, with two 5-minute intake (what we called Two-shot) separated by a 10-minute break. Our findings showed during Two-Shot that most animals reached ≥ 80mg% BAC levels (when briefly food-restricted). However, when increasing alcohol concentrations from 20% to 30%, 40%, or 50%, rats titrated to similar intake levels, suggesting rapid sensing of alcohol effects even when front-loading. Two-Shot drinking was reduced in both sexes by naltrexone (1mg/kg), validating intake suppression by a clinical therapeutic agent. Further, both propranolol (β adrenergic receptor antagonist) and prazosin (α1 adrenergic receptor antagonist) reduced female but not male BD at the lower dose. Thus, our results provide a novel model for BD in outbred rats and suggest that female binging is more sensitive to adrenergic modulation than males, perhaps providing a novel sex-related therapy.
Real-life experience with a “modified-MEMMAT” regimen for relapsed medulloblastoma
Authors: Cacchione Antonella , Baldo Giada Del , D’Antonio Federica , Ruscio Valentina Di , Megaro Giacomina , Pilotto Chiara , Tornesello Assunta , Cocciolo Alessandro , Vennarini Sabina , Chiesa Silvia , Carai Andrea , De Salvo Andrea , Albino Giulia , Colafati Giovanna Stefania , Slavc Irene , Mastronuzzi Angela
Published: May 2024

Medulloblastoma (MB) relapse is typically resistant to available treatments. An emerging alternative strategy focuses on disrupting tumor angiogenesis at various stages, using a combined metronomic antiangiogenic approach. This retrospective observational study involved 14 pediatric patients with first or multiple MB recurrence, treated with a modified Medulloblastoma European Multitarget Metronomic Anti-Angiogenic Trial (MEMMAT) strategy. Median patients age was 11.6 years (range 6.4–26 years). All 14 patients presented with a metastatic relapse after conventional treatments. The median time from primary diagnosis/prior relapse to the start of "modified MEMMAT" was 22 months (range 2–60 months). Fifty-seven percent received the "modified MEMMAT" schema as second-line treatment, while 43% received it as third-line or beyond after recurrence. At a median follow-up of 17.9 months, the median overall survival (OS) from the MEMMAT start date was 18.2 months and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 12.8 months. OS at 12 and 24 months were 78.6% (IC 95% 47.2%-92.5%) and 14.3% (IC 95% 2.3%-36.6%), respectively. PFS at 12 and 24 months were 55.0% (95% IC: 25.8%-76.8%) and 15.7% (95% IC 2.5%-39.4%), respectively. Treatment was globally well tolerated. In conclusion, the “modified-MEMMAT” strategy is feasible and a well-tolerated outpatient regimen, leading to a prolonged OS compared to other salvage approaches.
Classification of African ground pangolin behaviour based on accelerometer readouts: validation of bio- logging methods
Authors: Harvey-Carroll Jessica , Carroll Daire , Trivella Cara-Marie , Connelly Ellen
Published: May 2024

Background
Quantifying animal behaviour is important to many areas of ecology and conservation. Understanding how free ranging animals behave can help in the design of optimal management strategies to both conserve species and enable individuals to express natural behaviours, maximising welfare. This is particularly important for endangered species for which a high level of human intervention is needed to counteract population declines and extinctions. Animal-borne bio-logging devices, such as accelerometers, present the opportunity to passively collect data on the behaviour of free ranging animals. Accelerometers are increasingly used in behavioural research. Validation of accelerometer readouts to enable classification of discrete behaviours, however, has only been carried out for a small number of species. This presents a barrier to the meaningful interpretation of data. Pangolins are a heavily trafficked clade of mammals, all of which are considered vulnerable to extinction. They are also under-researched, with little known about their behaviour in the wild. In this study, we present the first validation of behavioural classification based on accelerometer readouts for a pangolin species; the ground pangolin (Smutsia temminckii).
Results
We present a standardised attachment protocol to minimize the impact of devices on pangolin welfare. We match the readouts from accelerometers to behaviours defined through video observations. Using a Random Forest (RF) classification, we defined five discreet behaviours (walking, digging, feeding, investigating ground, and stationary, accuracy of 85%) and three activity levels (low, medium, and high, accuracy of 94%) from accelerometer readouts. We determine optimal sampling frequency and smoothing window (50 hz and 5 seconds for full behaviour, 10 Hz and 7 seconds for activity level). We then deploy accelerometers and classify the behaviour of three free ranging pangolins for between two and four days.
Conclusion
The methods we present will enable the quantification of ground pangolin behaviour in the wild to improve our understanding of the species’ ecology and help inform conservation efforts. This will also help to improve our fundamental understanding of animal behaviour and ecology.
Panvariome and pangenome of 1,020 global peach accessions shed light on evolution pattern, hidden natural variation and efficient gene discovery
Authors: Li Yong , Arús Pere , Wu Jinlong , Zhu Gengrui , Fang Weichao , Chen Changwen , Wang Xinwei , Cao Ke , Wang Lirong
Published: May 2024

Natural variations are the basis of crop improvement. However, genomic variability remains largely understudied. We present the full-spectrum panvariome and pangenome of 1,020 peach accessions, including 10.5 million SNPs, indels, SVs, CNVs, TIPs, PAVs, uncovering 70.6% novel variants and 3,289 novel genes. Analysis of the panvariome reconstructs the globally evolutionary history of peach and identifies several trait-causally rare variants. Landraces and improved accessions encode more genes than wild accessions, suggesting gene gains during evolution. Global introgression patterns reveal its new utilizations in phenotype prediction and gene mining and suggest that the most likely wild progenitor of domesticated peach is Prunus mira and almond was involved in the origin of Prunus davidiana. We develop a novel panvariome-based solution for association study, GWASPV, that achieves rapid and precise identification of trait-conferring genes using only one-step GWAS. Our study provides a novel solution for gene mining, with important implications in accelerating plant breeding.
Preconception maternal gut dysbiosis affects enteric nervous system development and disease susceptibility in offspring
Authors: Duan Liping , Zhang Cunzheng , Chen Yuzhu , Duan Ruqiao , Zhang Yiming , Zheng Haonan , Zhang Jingdong , Zhang Tao , Xu Jingxian , Li Kailong , Pei Fei
Published: May 2024

Maternal health, specifically changes in the gut microbiota, profoundly affects the health of offspring. However, our understanding of how gut microbiota alterations during preconception period influence their offspring remains limited. In this study, we are dedicated to investigate the impact of preconception maternal gut microbiota disturbance on offspring enteric nervous system (ENS) development in mice and explore the underlying mechanisms. Through in vivo and in vitro experiments, we made a novel discovery that preconception maternal exposure to antibiotics before pregnant leads abnormal development of the offspring’s ENS, increasing their susceptibility to water avoidance stress. Supported by metagenomic, targeted metabolome, and transcriptome analysis, we identified that preconception antibiotic exposure disrupts the expression of genes crucial for embryonic ENS development by altering the composition of the maternal gut microbiota. Furthermore, our multi-omics analysis combined with Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) gestational supplementation illustrated that maternal gut microbiota and metabolites influence embryonic ENS development via the propionate-GPR41-GDNF/RET/SOX10 signaling pathway. Our findings highlight the critical importance of maintaining a healthy maternal gut microbiota during the preconception period for proper ENS development in offspring.
Exploring Transitions in Care Among Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: A Multimethod Study
Authors: Kersen Jaling , Roach Pamela , Chandarana Shamir , Ronksley Paul , Sauro Khara
Published: May 2024

Background: Patients with head and neck cancers (HNC) experience many transitions in care (TiC), occurring when patients are transferred between healthcare providers and/or settings.  TiC can compromise patient safety, decrease patient satisfaction, and increase healthcare costs. The evidence around TiC among patients with HNC is sparse. The objective of this study was to improve our understanding of TiC among patients with HNC to identify ways to improve care.
Methods: This multimethod study consisted of two phases: Phase I (retrospective population-based cohort study) characterized the number and type of TiC that patients with HNC experienced using deterministically linked, population-based administrative health data in Alberta, Canada (January 1, 2012, to December 1, 2019), and Phase II (qualitative descriptive study) used semi-structured interviews to explore the lived experiences of patients with HNC and their healthcare providers during TiC.
Results: There were 3,752 patients with HNC; most were male (70.8%) with a mean age at diagnosis of 63.3 years (SD 13.1). Patients underwent an average of 1.2 (SD 1.0) treatments, commonly transitioning from surgery to radiotherapy (21.2 %). Many patients with HNC were admitted to the hospital during the study period, averaging 3.3 (SD 3.0) hospital admissions and 7.8 (SD 12.6) emergency department visits per patient over a median follow up of 7 years (IQR 4,8). Visits to healthcare providers were also frequent, with the highest number of physician visits being to general practitioners (average=70.51 per patient). Analysis of sixteen semi-structured interviews (ten patients with HNC and six healthcare providers) revealed three themes: 1) Navigating the healthcare system including challenges with the complexity of HNC care amongst healthcare system pressures, 2) Relational head and neck cancer care which encompasses patient expectations and relationships, and 3) System and individual impact of transitions in care.
Conclusions: This study identified challenges faced by both patients with HNC and their healthcare providers amidst the frequent TiC within cancer care, which was perceived to have an impact on quality of care. These findings provide crucial insights that can inform and guide future research or the development of health interventions aiming to improve the quality of TiC within this patient population.