bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment Of Cekehan (Cough) Based On The Local Activity Of Bali In Usada Tenung Tanyalara
Authors: Prasetya I Made Slamet Putra
Published: May 2022

Usada Tenung Tanyalara merupakan salah satu bentuk kearifan lokal Bali yang berisi tentang pengobatan tradisional Bali. Usada Tenung Tanyalara masih terbatas pada nama penyakit, bahan yang digunakan untuk mengobati penyakit cara pengolahan, serta penggunaan yang dibuktikan secara empiris. Penting dilakukan pengkajian lebih lanjut terkait pengobatan yang ada pada Usada Tenung Tanyalara. Batuk atau dalam Bahasa Bali disebut cekehan merupakan respon refleks pertahanan tubuh untuk mengeluarkan benda asing dari saluran pernafasan yang melindungi paru-paru dari benda asing dari saluran cerna maupun saluran nafas bagian atas. Batuk dapat disebabkan karena infeksi dan bukan infeksi. Pengobatan batuk dalam Usada Tenung Tanyalara yaitu dengan putih telur ayam mentah, santan kelapa berkulit hijau dan rimpang temu tin (temu putih). Kandungan albumin pada putih telur ayam dapat mengurangi keluhan batuk dan meningkatkan sistem imunitas melalui mekanisme meningkatkan sistem sirkulasi membantu metabolisme zat gizi, dan mempercepat pemulihan jaringan. Rimpang temu putih (temu tin) memiliki aktifitas antiinflamasi sehingga mengurangi gejala batuk yang disertai dengan sekresi mukosa. Santan kelapa memiliki sifat antibakteri sehingga dapat menekan bakteri patogen penyebab batuk. Berdasarkan sifat-sifat bahan pengobatan batuk dalam kearifan lokal Bali yakni Usada Tenung Tanyalara terbukti memiliki efek farmakologi untuk menyembuhkan batuk.

Kata Kunci: Batuk, Usada Bali, Usada Tenung Tanyalara, Pengobatan tradisional
Model PBI Dalam Setting Kooperatif Tipe STAD Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Mahasiswa
Authors: Fitriani Linna , Nopiyanti Nopa
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kemampuan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa yang menggunakan model PBI dalam setting kooperatif tipe STAD dengan model PBI dan Model Konvensional. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah quasy eksperimen dengan pre-test dan post-test group design. Sampel penelitian 3 kelas dari 5 kelas yang ada diambil secara acak. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen berbentuk soal tes. Data dianalisis dengan ANAVA satu Jalur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Pembelajaran model PBI dalam setting kooperatif tipe STAD dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa pada mata kuliah fisiologi tumbuhan di Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kemampuan berpikir kreatif antara mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan pembelajaran model PBI dalam setting kooperatif tipe STAD dan mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kemampuan berpikir kreatif antara mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan pembelajaran model PBI dan mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional. Kemampuan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan pembelajaran model PBI dalam setting kooperatif tipe STAD dikategorikan ke dalam kelas tinggi.

Kata kunci: BerpikirKreatif, Model PBI, STAD
Comorbidities Influence the Predictive Power of Hematological Markers for Mortality in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Parthasarathi Ashwaghosha , Basavaraja Chetak Kadabasal , Arunachala Sumalata , Chandran Shreya , Venkataraman Hariharan , Satheesh Athira , Mahesh Padukudru Anand
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused unprecedented mortality and has stretched the health infrastructure thin worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries. There is a need to evaluate easily available biomarkers for their clinical relevance for poor outcomes in severe cases of COVID-19. It is also known that comorbidities affect these biomarkers with or without COVID-19. We aimed to unearth the influence of comorbidities on feasible hematological predictive markers for mortality in hospitalized severe COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study done on severe COVID-19 hospitalized patients, diagnosed with RT polymerase chain reaction (n = 205), were investigated. Comorbidities associated with the patients were tracked and scored according to Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). CCI score of zero was grouped in A, those with CCI score 1–4 into group B and those with CCI scores ≥ 5 into group C. Correlation between hematological parameters and CCI scores was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefﬁcient. Optimal cut-off and odds ratio was derived from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Among the 205 severe COVID-19 patients age, C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived NLR (dNLR), absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and total leukocyte count (TLC) were found to be statistically significant independent risk factors for predicting COVID-19 mortality (p < 0.01). In group A, cut off for CRP was 51.5 mg/L (odds ratio [OR]: 26.7; area under curve [AUC]: 0.867), TLC was 11,850 cells/mm³ (OR: 11.7; AUC: 0.731), NLR was 11.76 (OR: 14.3; AUC: 0.756), dNLR was 5.77 (OR: 4.89; AUC: 0.659), ANC was 13,110 cells/mm³ (OR: 1.68; AUC: 0.553). In group B, cut off for CRP was 36.5 mg/L (OR: 32.1; AUC: 0.886), TLC was 11,077 cells/mm³ (OR: 12.1; AUC: 0.722), NLR was 8.27 (OR: 18.9; AUC: 0.827), dNLR was 3.79 (OR: 9.26; AUC: 0.727), ANC was 11,420 cells/mm³ (OR: 2.42; AUC: 0.564). In group C, cut-off for CRP was 23.7 mg/L (OR: 32.7; AUC: 0.904), TLC was 10,480 cells/mm³ (OR: 21.2; AUC: 0.651), NLR was 6.29 (OR: 23.5; AUC: 0.647), dNLR was 1.93 (OR: 20.8; AUC: 0.698), ANC was 6650 cells/mm³ (OR: 2.45; AUC: 0.564). Conclusions: In severe COVID-19 patients, CRP was the most reliable biomarker to predict mortality followed by NLR. Presence, type, and number of co-morbidities influence the levels of the biomarkers and the clinically relevant cut-offs associated with mortality.
Therapeutic Use of Intravenous Selenium in Respiratory and Immunological Diseases: A Narrative Review
Authors: Oliveira Carlos Rocha , Viana Emille Tejo , Gonçalves Thaina Ferreira , Silva José Roberto Mateus , Vieira Rodolfo P
Published: May 2022

The oxidative stress caused by systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), septic shock, and sepsis, is a risk factor triggering an increase in mortality in patients diagnosed with these pathologies. Selenium (Se) is an essential mineral that has antioxidant and cytoprotective functions, being strongly associated with the proper functioning of intracellular metabolic processes. In this context, the present study aims to investigate de therapeutic effects of intravenous selenium use considering pathologies such as SIRS, septic shock, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), and coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This is an narrative literature review in which six main articles found in databases of SciELO, PubMed, and Google Scholar, were selected and analyzed. As a result, articles were found evidencing the benefit of Se in the inflammatory response, increasing the GPx-3 activity and decreasing the inflammatory cytokines, in addition to generating a lower risk of VAP, shortening the hospitalization time, and mortality. Thus, Se supplementation has beneficial evidence for acute respiratory diseases and should be considered as a viable option as adjuvant therapy.
Presentación para la revista de posgrado: Pacha
Authors: Espezúa Salmón Boris
Published: May 2022

Escribir para ser leído es una de las realizaciones de todo escritor, intelectual académico e investigador que sabe muy bien que uno de sus deberes centrales es proporcionar conocimiento a una sociedad ávida de novedades, de reflexiones y de motivación crítica.
Relationship between propensity to social innovation and striving for gender equality: sample study based on the example of India
Authors: Singh Swapnil , Singh Guru Ashish , Kaur Rajwant
Published: May 2022

Social innovation is the search for new and conclusive solutions to social problems aimed at improving the welfare of individuals and communities. Studies on social innovation and its implementation, especially with regard to the importance of gender equality and the impact of the gendered perspective on the implementation of such social innovations, are still scarce. Based on Gabriel Tarde’s social theory, our study shows the urgency of addressing pressing social problems. The research objective is to statistically assess the implementation of social innovation in India, specifically from a gendered perspective. 400 responses were collected in August and September 2021 through a structured survey questionnaire which used simple random sampling of probability sampling method. The responses came from the northern states of India (especially Punjab, Delhi, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh). The data analysis was done by means of statistical tests (using the SPSS 25 program) after validating the concepts, and was based on the results of frequency and percentage distribution of responses, one-sample t-test, ANOVA and correlation-regression tests. The study concludes that gender plays an important role in the implementation of social innovation in India, and gender equality must be incorporated into every facet of social innovation to reach its full potential and benefit everyone.
Editorial
Authors: Flores Osorio Jorge Mario , Acevedo Muriel Andrés Felipe
Published: May 2022

La Universidad de Tijuana CUT en alianza con la Corporación Latinoamericana de Educación Superior pone a disposición de profesores e investigadores el número de lanzamiento de la revista internacional Psicología y pedagogía crítica integrado por un conjunto de artículos escritos por investigadores de Grecia, México, Chile y Guatemala que fueron invitados y, a su vez, tuvieron un proceso de evaluación por parte de miembros del consejo editorial de la revista.

La revista se plantea como un espacio de publicación para los académicos e investigadores que, a través de visiones críticas, analizan la incidencia de la pedagogía, la educación y la psicología en la transformación o conservación de la sociedad opresora. Visiones que, más allá de pensar la realidad, también contribuyen de forma significativa al desarrollo de las disciplinas en cuestión.

El número de lanzamiento, además de constituirse en un acto de presentación en sociedad de la revista, es una oportunidad para invitar a los académicos y científicos a contribuir con el desarrollo y consolidación de la misma, a través de sus contribuciones a cada uno de los números que se publicarán en febrero y agosto de cada año. En ese marco abrimos desde ya la convocatoria para el número 2 que se publicará en febrero de 2022 y cuya convocatoria de recepción se abre al momento de esta publicación y se cierra el 15 de julio de 2022.

Los editores de la revista estamos convencidos del vacío que llenará la revista en los espacios de formación de psicólogos y pedagogos más allá de las visiones hegemónicas, en ocasiones poco apegadas a las realidades concretas del ejercicio profesional, especialmente en lo que concierne al ámbito latinoamericano o de los países subdesarrollados.

En síntesis, consideramos que la revista se postula como un espacio de diálogo entre los saberes hegemónicos y los contra-hegemónicos o emergentes que surgen de los procesos de recuperación de la memoria histórica y del proceso de concientización que el acercamiento al sufrimiento de los excluidos-pauperizados que genera una sociedad centrada en la injusticia.

Los editores.
Concepciones mesoamericanas de la intersubjetividadcomo pauta para la psicología crítica y para la praxis comunitaria
Authors: David Pavón Cuéllar
Published: May 2022

Se presentan diversas formas en que se concibe la intersubjetividad entre los pueblos originarios del espacio cultural mesoamericano. También se considera cómo estas concepciones pueden servir para orientar el trabajo teórico de la psicología crítica y la praxis de la psicología comunitaria en América Latina. Tras discutirse el concepto de “Mesoamérica”, así como el empleo del término “intersubjetividad” en el contexto mesoamericano, se revisan algunas ideas indígenas precisas sobre lo intersubjetivo en la comunidad, se examinan sus implicaciones políticas, se contraponen a las de la psicología dominante y se asocian con las creencias animistas de pueblos originarios mesoamericanos como los tojolabales, los tzeltales, los mayas yucatecos y los totonacas, así como los nahuas y mayas de la época prehispánica. El animismo es interpretado como una expresión de respeto, diálogo, horizontalidad y humildad entre los popolucas, los nahuas y grupos mayenses.
Repeated-dose 28-day dermal toxicity study of TiO2 catalyst (GST) in Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Kim Jun Ho , Park Myeong kyu , Im Jae Min , Seo Heung Sik , Park Hee Ju , Nah Sung Soon
Published: May 2022

TiO2 have been studied on inhalation and skin exposure due to the properties of the materials’ use (cosmetics, paints and other products) and the additional safety information on other intake routes for the potential risk assessment is limited. The aim of this study was to obtain dose-range for subchronic study (repeated 90-day dermal toxicity) new TiO2 powder, GST produced through sludge recycling of the sewage treatment plant through repeated-dose toxicity in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Three test groups for the GST were administered at 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg B.W/day in addition to a control group (distilled water for injection). 5 male and 5 female rats were included in each group, and we examined the clinical signs, body weights, food consumption, necropsy (organ weights, macroscopic findings), hematological / biochemical parameters and histopathological findings (eye, skin). As a result of observations, there were no treatment-related effects including clinical signs, mortality, necropsy findings etc. Therefore, the present results suggest that the TiO2-related effects were not observed for dermal during 28-day and dose selection for repeated 90-day study was considered to be 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg B.W/day under the present study conditions.
Die Wohnungsfrage als Teil der sozialen Frage
Authors: KRONAUER MARTIN
Published: May 2022

The housing question in German cities manifests itself in the shortage of affordable housing for an ever-increasing section of inhabitants. It is part of the new social question: the growing divide in German society. The housing issue exacerbates the social consequences of the inequal development of income and wealth. It is to be observed in the inequality of rental levels, restrictions in the choice of housing and includes exposing individuals to the risk of eviction. In addition, low-income households are concentrated in neighbourhoods that contribute to their disadvantages. The article argues that issues of housing, employment and income, public infrastructure and services together constitute the housing question and have to be tackled accordingly. It also discusses the responsibilities which the local authorities will be faced with when having to deal with the situation.
Projekte, Instrumente und Konzepte einer alternativen Wohnungspolitik
Authors: HOLM ANDREJ
Published: May 2022

Soziale, ökologische und demografische Herausforderungen des Wohnens betreffen die gesamte Gesellschaft, doch sie stehen einem überwiegend privat organisierten Wohnungsmarkt gegenüber. Die Durchsetzung von Gemeinwohlzielen im Bereich des Wohnens setzt, wie der Autor in diesem Beitrag ausführt, die möglichst weitgehende Dekommodifizierung und Demokratisierung des Wohnungswesens voraus. Anhand von Erfahrungen des genossenschaftlichen und gemeinsamen Bauens, von Formen des gemeinnützigen Wohnungsbaus und von Konzepten, das Wohnen als Soziale Infrastruktur aus Steuern zu finanzieren, zeigt er, dass eine soziale Wohnversorgung jenseits der Marktlogiken möglich ist. Voraussetzung für die Durchsetzung von Projekten und Ideen einer sozialen Wohnversorgung ist die politische Konfrontation mit der renditeorientierten Wohnungswirtschaft, das öffentliche Bekenntnis zu einer öffentlichen Verantwortung für die soziale Wohnversorgung und der Aufbau neuer gemeinwirtschaftlicher Strukturen sowie eine Überwindung von Eigentums- und Marktideologien, die sowohl im Alltagsbewusstsein als auch im staatlichen Handeln die Vorstellungen des Wohnens bestimmen.
Modulators of Tumor Angiogenesis: Insights into the Role of Galectin-3 and IL-17 Signaling
Authors: D. Radosavljevic Gordana , Pantic Jelena , Simovic Markovic Bojana , Arsenijevic Nebojsa
Published: May 2022

Angiogenesis is a pivotal point in tumor progression driven by firmly orchestrated process of forming the new blood vessels relying on the complex signaling network. Here, the pleiotropic functions of Galectin-3 and IL-17 in tumor progression have been overviewed through their impacts on angiogenesis. As a key player in tumor microenvironment, Galectin-3 orchestrates practically all critical events during angiogenic cascade through interaction with various ligands and their downstream signaling pathways. Galectin-3 shapes chronic inflammatory tumor microenvironment that is closely related to angiogenesis by sharing common signaling cascades and molecules. In chronic inflammatory makeup of tumor microenvironment, IL-17 contributes to tumorigenesis and progression via promoting critical events such as angiogenesis and creation of immunosuppressive milieu. VEGF, as the master regulator of tumor angiogenesis, is the main target of Galectin-3 and IL-17 action. The better understanding of Galectin-3 and IL-17 in tumor biology will undoubtedly contribute to controlling tumor progression. Therefore, as important modulators of tumor angiogenesis, Galectin-3 and IL-17 may be perceived as the potential therapeutic targets in tumor including anti-angiogenic therapy.
Exploring Problems Encountered by Six Indonesian Teachers in Teaching English: A Case Study in an EFL Context
Authors: Listyani Listyani
Published: May 2022

It is known worldwide that according to Kachru, there are three circles of world Englishes. The first one is the inner circle, then the outer circle, and the last one is the expanding circle. The last one, the expanding circle refers to the countries where English is a foreign language, including Indonesia. People living in the expanding circle may not get as much exposure as the ones living in the inner or outer circles. They are not exposed to both the spoken and written language as much as those living in the previously mentioned circles. Language learners have to struggle in learning English. This paper describes the challenges and difficulties encountered by six EFL teachers in Indonesia. Two research questions guided this study: What challenges are faced by six Indonesian teachers in teaching English? And what solutions do the teachers implement to solve the problems? The six teachers were selected as respondents because they faced special challenges and difficulties in teaching their high school students. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to the teachers and interviews done via Google Meet. The findings revealed that the problems the teachers faced varied from social, personal, psychological, as well as financial problems, which the language learners encountered.
Biomass Electrospinning: Recycling Materials for Green Economy Applications
Authors: Dziike Farai , Makurunje Phylis , Matshitse Refilwe
Published: May 2022

The development and advancement of electrospinning (ES) presents a unique material technology of the future achieved by fabricating novel nanofibrous materials with multifunctional physical (three-dimensional [3D] structure, nanoscalable sizes) and chemical characteristics (functional groups). Advancing the possibility of preparing various classes of novel organic and inorganic electrospun fiber composites with unique features such as polymer alloys, nanoparticles (NPs), active agents, and devices. This feature gives provision for internal access of the setup parameters such as polymer precursor material, polymer concentration, solvent, and the method of fiber collection that consequentially improves the intrinsic control of the construction mechanism of the final nanofibrous architecture. In synthetic electrospinning, the nanofibrous material processing allows for internal control of the electrospinning mechanism and foster chemical crosslinking to generate covalent connections between polymeric fibers. Comparing technologies according to materials of the future revealed that electrospinning supports the formation of micro-scale and in some cases nano-scale fibers while the formation of thin films is facilitated by the electrospraying system. Recent innovations point to various biomass waste streams that may be used as an alternative source of polymeric materials for application in electrospinning to produce materials for the future.
Modulation of Host Cell Apoptosis byTrypanosoma cruzi: Repercussions in the Development of Chronic Chagasic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Carolina Román-Carraro Fiordaliso , Maurizio Coria-Paredes Diego , A. Wilkins-Rodríguez Arturo , Gutiérrez-Kobeh Laila
Published: May 2022

Trypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular parasite, which causes Chagas disease, affecting millions of people throughout the world. T. cruzi can invade several cell types, among which macrophages and cardiomyocytes stand out. Chagas disease goes through two stages: acute and chronic. If it becomes chronic, its most severe form is the chagasic chronic cardiomyopathy, which accounts for most of the fatalities due to this disease. For parasites to persist for long enough in cells, they should evade several host immune responses, one of these being apoptosis. Apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death described as a well-ordered and silent collection of steps that inevitably lead cells to a noninflammatory death. Cells respond to infection by initiating their own death to combat the infection. As a result, several intracellular microorganisms have developed different strategies to overcome host cell apoptosis and persist inside cells. It has been shown that T. cruzi has the ability to inhibit host cells apoptosis and can also induce apoptosis of cells that combat the parasite such as cytotoxic T cells. The aim of this chapter is to present up-to-date information about the molecules and mechanisms engaged by T. cruzi to achieve this goal and how the modulation of apoptosis by T. cruzi reflects in the development of chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy.
Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide as Electron Transport Layer of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ali Umar Akrajas , Ain Abd Malek Nurul , Alias Nabilah , Anuar Ehsan Abang
Published: May 2022

Conventional perovskite solar cells utilize a combination of a compact and mesoporous layer of TiO2 or SnO2 as the electron transport layer. This structure is vulnerable to massive loss of photogenerated carriers due to grain boundary resistance in the layer. In this chapter, we will discuss a potential electron transport layer that might drive higher power conversion efficiency, i.e., thin and single-crystalline 2D transition metal dichalcogenide. Because of their ultimate thin structure, they facilitate rapid electron transport and enhanced carrier extraction in the solar cells device. We will also discuss the current state of the art of 2D transition metal dichalcogenide atomic layer application as an electron transport layer in the perovskite solar cells as well as our recent attempt in this field.
Unveiling the Uncertainty-Revolutionizing Medical Education in COVID-19 Era
Authors: Saeed Rabeeya , Sharif Salman , Amin Faridah
Published: May 2022

The beginning of the year 2020 marked the biggest pandemic of the twenty-first century. COVID-19 not only jeopardized the global health care system but also lead to unprecedented effects on every aspect of life. The tragedy evoked by the virus, resulted in disruption of face-to-face learning across the globe. The aftermath of this pandemic on medical education will be enormous and long-lasting. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to identify the challenges and threats facing medical education, both at undergraduate and postgraduate level. Comparative analysis of the innovative models adapted globally in post-COVID era will help countries learn from success stories. Amidst the uncertainty posed by the pandemic, there is a special prospect for medical education. Medical educationist and health policy makers may convert this crisis into opportunity through innovative strategies maximizing the outcome of e-learning. This is the time to relook medical curricula, redesign assessment, focus on standardization of e-learning and upgrade faculty development programs to produce doctors equipped and prepared to serve in the new era.
New and Emerging Technologies for Integrative Ambulatory Autonomic Assessment and Intervention as a Catalyst in the Synergy of Remote Geocoded Biosensing, Algorithmic Networked Cloud Computing, Deep Learning, and Regenerative/Biomic Medicine: Further Real
Authors: L. Drury Robert
Published: May 2022

While the important role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) has been historically underappreciated, recently there has been a rapid proliferation of empirical, methodological and theoretical progress in our more detailed understanding of the ANS. Previous more simplistic models of the role of the ANS using the construct of homeostasis have been enhanced by the use of the construct of allostasis and a wide variety of technological innovations including wearable and implantable biosensors have led to improved understanding of both basic and applied knowledge. This chapter will explore in particular heart rate variability (HRV) as a rich variable which has developed an extensive literature, beginning with predicting all-cause mortality, but now encompassing a wide variety of disease and illness states; cognitive, affective and behavioral processes and performance optimization. A critical analysis of HRV from the perspective of complex adaptive systems and non-linear processes will be included and innovative future uses of HRV will be described.
Perspective Chapter: Impact of Interferon Alpha/Beta in the Management of Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders
Authors: Prochwicz Anna , Krochmalczyk Dorota
Published: May 2022

It has been noted that interferon can exert an antiproliferative effect by stimulating cells of the immune system. Interferon has been shown to be effective in the treatment of chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. Over the years, interferon alpha-2a and interferon alpha-2b have been introduced into the treatment of chronic myeloproliferation, followed by their pegylated forms. Studies have been showing the effectiveness of interferon alpha in reducing the number of platelets in essential thrombocythemia, reducing the need for phlebotomies in patients with polycythemia vera and also in reducing the number of leukocytes. Additionally, it turned out to be effective in reducing the size of the spleen. Interferon has also been shown to be effective in inducing long-term molecular remissions. The introduction of new forms of interferon such as ropeginterferon and the combination of interferon alpha with newly introduced drugs from other groups causes that interferon remains an important drug in the field of chronic myeloproliferative disorders. The chapter presents the results of clinical trials and the experiences of various centers in its usage for mieloproliferative neoplasms.
The Role of Cognitive Reserve in Executive Functioning and Its Relationship to Cognitive Decline and Dementia
Authors: Álvares-Pereira Gabriela , Maruta Carolina , Vânia Silva-Nunes Maria
Published: May 2022

In this chapter, we explore how cognitive reserve is implicated in coping with the negative consequences of brain pathology and age-related cognitive decline. Individual differences in cognitive performance are based on different brain mechanisms (neural reserve and neural compensation), and reflect, among others, the effect of education, occupational attainment, leisure activities, and social involvement. These cognitive reserve proxies have been extensively associated with efficient executive functioning. We discuss and focus particularly on the compensation mechanisms related to the frontal lobe and its protective role, in maintaining cognitive performance in old age or even mitigating the clinical expression of dementia.
Ketamine and Low-Resource Countries
Authors: Tim Nnaji Chimaobi
Published: May 2022

Safe anaesthesia and surgery are piloted to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with anaesthesia and surgery, and improve surgical outcomes. This goal is far-fetched in developing countries as a result of limited manpower, poor operation theatre infrastructure, unavailability of equipment, life-saving drugs, and anaesthetic agents. Postoperative pain is also widely undertreated in this environment, mostly due to financial constraints patients and their relatives face and the unavailability of analgesics. Sometimes the physicians face problems associated with their resource-limited working environment, such as unreliable electricity, unavailability of compressed oxygen and other gases, sophisticated machines, and modern drugs. Thus, easy adaptability and proper utilisation of available resources have been described as a resounding quality required of anaesthetists working in developing countries, to thrive and provide anaesthetic services. Ketamine is readily available in resource-limited environments, and adaptability to the use of this drug has made it possible for the anaesthetist to provide anaesthesia, pain care services, sedation, and save lives.
Effect of Curcumin on Experimental Models of Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Faramarzi Elnaz , Mahdavi Reza , Nikniaz Zeinab , Rafeey Mandana , Farshi Radvar Fatemeh
Published: May 2022

Context: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder characterized by CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene defects and chronic inflammation. Management of CF patients is challenging, and no definitive treatment is available. Although evidence suggests that curcumin is effective against inflammation and can regulate ion channels, its effect on CF patients is not well established. Objectives: This systematic review evaluated the available evidence for the application of curcumin in experimental models of CF. Evidence Acquisition: The data in this study were selected from articles published in PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and Springer until July 2021. Articles on the use of curcumin in CF patients were included based on the purpose of the study. In this review, 11 articles were found in the final search. Then, a quality assessment was performed using SYRCLE’s RoB tool. Results: Eleven out of 2188 screened studies were eligible for this systematic review. Most in vitro studies (7 out of 8) reported that curcumin influences channel function through a variety of mechanisms, while only 1 study provided comparable results. Regarding anti-inflammatory function, 1 study showed that curcumin could suppress the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene and protein expression in the CF bronchial epithelial cell line. Two of 3 in vivo studies reported channel correction with curcumin. Conclusions: The available evidence in this systematic study demonstrates the usefulness of curcumin via different mechanisms among different study models. Given that few studies have been conducted in this field, this systematic review suggests more investigations be undertaken to facilitate generalization to human studies.
National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE) cybersecurity workforce framework (Ukrainian translation)
Authors: Newhouse William , Keith Stephanie , Scribner Benjamin , Witte Greg
Published: May 2022

This publication describes the National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE) Cybersecurity Workforce Framework (NICE Framework), a reference structure that describes the interdisciplinary nature of the cybersecurity work. It serves as a fundamental reference resource for describing and sharing information about cybersecurity work and the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) needed to complete tasks that can strengthen the cybersecurity posture of an organization. As a common, consistent lexicon that categorizes and describes cybersecurity work, the NICE Framework improves communication about how to identify, recruit, develop, and retain cybersecurity talent. The NICE Framework is a reference source from which organizations or sectors can develop additional publications or tools that meet their needs to define or provide guidance on different aspects of cybersecurity workforce development, planning, training, and education.
Traducción y multimodalidad para la divulgación de la ciencia dirigida a un público infantil
Authors: Cobos López Ingrid
Published: May 2022

La literatura y la divulgación científica comparten la posibilidad de adaptar sus textos en función del receptor al que se dirigen. Si pensamos en un público infantil, además, han de cumplir una serie de características en base a ciertas necesidades y capacidades que presenta el destinatario de estos textos. En este contexto, la traducción se convierte en una herramienta funcional para acercar la ciencia a los niños a través de la literatura, un excelente instrumento para la divulgación y educación de la población. En el presente trabajo, basándonos en la metodología presentada en el proyecto OncoTRAD, pretendemos traducir y adaptar un texto científico en formato multimodal, en este caso un cómic, dirigido a un público infantil, cumpliendo así con el propósito de acercar la ciencia a los niños y de educar e informar a la población infantil y juvenil.
Las Cenicientas del siglo XXI en euskera: un recorrido intermedial entre versiones ilustradas y una obra teatral
Authors: Elizalde Estenaga Amaia , Ibarluzea Santisteban Miren
Published: May 2022

Cenicienta es un clásico con gran permeabilidad a influencias intertextuales e intermediales. Apuntaremos cuestiones sobre el versionado de obras en LIJ y sobre intermedialidad y revisaremos estudios en torno a la evolución de Cenicienta, para analizar, atendiendo a relaciones texto-imagen, elementos narratológicos y descripciones de personajes femeninos en 13 versiones de Cenicienta en la LIJ en euskera del siglo XXI. Daremos cuenta de un diálogo entre versiones que responde en gran medida a la línea marcada por Disney, cuya influencia, reflejada tanto a nivel textual como a nivel de ilustración o imagen, afecta no solo a la historia, sino también a la caracterización de los personajes.
La traducción de elementos ideológicos y didácticos a través del Análisis Crítico del Discurso. El caso de Los cinco y el tesoro de la isla, de Enid Blyton (EN-FR-ES)
Authors: López Ruiz María del Carmen
Published: May 2022

En este trabajo, analizamos la obra de Los cinco y el tesoro de la isla de Enid Blyton partiendo de un análisis en lengua origen (inglés) que emplea el enfoque del Análisis Crítico del Discurso de Van Dijk para localizar los elementos ideológicos, moralizadores y didácticos que mayores dificultades se le plantean al traductor de literatura infantil y juvenil. Posteriormente, se analizan de forma contrastiva algunos de estos elementos a partir de las versiones traducidas al francés y al español. Los resultados muestran dos enfoques traductores diferentes para cada una de estas lenguas y subrayan la importancia del Análisis Crítico para incidir en los valores didácticos de la obra.
La traducció per al doblatge de l’adaptació d’un clàssic de la literatura infantil: El gat amb botes
Authors: Oltra Ripoll Maria Dolores
Published: May 2022

En aquest article es du a terme una anàlisi qualitativa i quantitativa dels principals problemes de traducció presents en la sèrie d’animació The Adventures of Puss in Boots (DreamWorks 2011-2018, EUA) i la seua versió traduïda per al doblatge al valencià per al canal de televisió À Punt Mèdia. A partir d’una metodologia d’anàlisi contrastiva i descriptiva, aquest estudi se centra en les tècniques i estratègies de traducció emprades en el text meta per a resoldre aquests problemes.
La traducción amateur en lengua de signos catalana: ¿una alternativa para la adaptación de literatura infantil?
Authors: Segura Giménez Daniel , Rovira-Esteva Sara , Casas-Tost Helena
Published: May 2022

Este artículo analiza los resultados de un estudio de recepción con cuestionarios cuyo objetivo era comparar la aceptación por parte de los usuarios finales de las traducciones profesionales y no profesionales en lengua de signos catalana. Para ello, se pidió a cuatro voluntarios de diferentes perfiles (hablantes nativos y estudiantes de traducción) que grabasen en vídeo la traducción de dos cuentos infantiles. Después se diseñó un cuestionario en el que se mostraban dos vídeos (uno de una traducción profesional y otro de una amateur) y se pedía a los encuestados que puntuasen en una escala de Likert ocho categorías que definimos como criterios de calidad de la traducción. En total, 29 personas respondieron el cuestionario, cuyos resultados demostraron que las traducciones amateurs pueden llegar al nivel de las profesionales, siempre y cuando el traductor tenga un buen dominio de la lengua de llegada.
Destinatarios y lecturas múltiples de El principe feliz de Oscar Wilde: análisis de la adaptación fílmica de Rupert Everett
Authors: Villanueva-Jordán Iván
Published: May 2022

En este artículo se presenta el análisis de la película The Happy Prince (2018), escrita, dirigida y protagonizada por Rupert Everett, actor inglés con una amplia carrera wildeana. El filme ha integrado en su narrativa pasajes clave del cuento de 1888 “The Happy Prince”, relatados en inglés y francés por el personaje de Oscar Wilde. Debido a estos cambios de medio y de lengua —traducción intermedial e intersistémica en la terminología de Kaindl (2020)—, la película revela dimensiones sobre las infancias queer no exploradas en investigaciones precedentes en torno a este cuento y sus traducciones. Asimismo, los subtítulos de la película en español muestran cómo la “fosilización” de una decisión traductora de las primeras décadas del siglo xx, que omite la pasión intermasculina, resulta en el síntoma de una manipulación cuando interactúan tres sistemas lingüísticos a la vez en pantalla.
Doing Economics
Authors: Bellemare Marc F.
Published: May 2022

A guide for research economists: how to write papers, give talks, navigate the peer-review process, advise students, and more.

Newly minted research economists are equipped with a PhD's worth of technical and scientific expertise but often lack some of the practical tools necessary for “doing economics.” With this book, economics professor Marc Bellemare breaks down the components of doing research economics and examines each in turn: communicating your research findings in a paper; presenting your findings to other researchers by giving a talk; submitting your paper to a peer-reviewed journal; funding your research program through grants (necessary more often than not for all social scientists); knowing what kind of professional service opportunities to pursue; and advising PhD, master's, and undergraduate students.

With increasing data availability and decreasing computational costs, economics has taken an empirical turn in recent decades. Academic economics is no longer the domain only of the theoretical; many young economists choose applied fields when the time comes to specialize. Yet there is no manual for surviving and thriving as a professional research economist. Doing Economics fills that gap, offering an essential guide for research economists at any stage of their careers.
An open source and convenient method for the wide-spread testing of COVID-19 using deep throat sputum samples
Authors: Huang Sunny C. , Pak Thomas K. , Graber Cameron P. , Searby Charles C. , Liu Guanghao , Marcy Jennifer , Yaszemski Alexandra K. , Bedell Kurt , Bui Emily , Perlman Stanley , Zhang Qihong , Wang Kai , Sheffield Val C. , Carter Calvin S.
Published: May 2022

Importance

The rise of novel, more infectious SARS-CoV-2 variants has made clear the need to rapidly deploy large-scale testing for COVID-19 to protect public health. However, testing remains limited due to shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE), naso- and oropharyngeal swabs, and healthcare workers. Simple test methods are needed to enhance COVID-19 screening. Here, we describe a simple, and inexpensive spit-test for COVID-19 screening called Patient Self-Collection of Sample-CoV2 (PSCS-CoV2).

Objective

To evaluate an affordable and convenient test for COVID-19.

Methods

The collection method relies on deep throat sputum (DTS) self-collected by the subject without the use of swabs, and was hence termed the Self-Collection of Sample for SARS-CoV-2 (abbreviated PSCS-CoV2). We used a phenol-chloroform extraction method for the viral RNA. We then tested for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with primers against at least two coding regions of the viral nucleocapsid protein (N1 and N2 or E) of SARS-CoV-2. We evaluted the sensitivity and specificity of our protocol. In addition we assess the limit of detection, and efficacy of our Viral Inactivating Solution. We also evaluated our protocol, and pooling strategy from volunteers on a local college campus.

Results

We show that the PSCS-CoV2 method accurately identified 42 confirmed COVID-19 positives, which were confirmed through the nasopharyngeal swabbing method of an FDA approved testing facility. For samples negative for COVID-19, we show that the cycle threshold for N1, N2, and RP are similar between the PSCS-CoV2 and nasopharynx swab collection method (n = 30). We found a sensitivity of 100% (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 92-100) and specifity of 100% (95% CI, 89-100) for our PSCS-CoV2 method. We determined our protocol has a limit of detection of 1/10,000 for DTS from a COVID-19 patient. In addition, we show field data of the PSCS-CoV2 method on a college campus. Ten of the twelve volunteers (N1 < 30) that we tested as positive were subsequently tested positive by an independent laboratory. Finally, we show proof of concept of a pooling strategy to test for COVID-19, and recommend pool sizes of four if the positivity rate is less than 15%.

Conclusion and Relevance

We developed a DTS-based protocol for COVID-19 testing with high sensitivity and specificity. This protocol can be used by non-debilitated adults without the assistance of another adult, or by non-debilitated children with the assistance of a parent or guardian. We also discuss pooling strategies based on estimated positivity rates to help conserve resources, time, and increase throughput. The PSCS-CoV2 method can be a key component of community-wide efforts to slow the spread of COVID-19.
Conservation Problems of Urban Archaeological Sites: The Case of Konuralp
Authors: MUTLU Esra , KAYA Ayşegül
Published: May 2022

Kentler farklı tarihsel katmanlara ait bilginin, deneyimin, kültürün hatta sosyo-ekonomik dönemlerin birikiminden oluşmaktadır. Bu katmanlar somut veya somut olmayan kültürel miras değerlerin zeminde birlikteliği sayesinde tarihsel
ve kültürel sürekliliği sağlamakta ve kentin hikâyesini anlatmaktadır. Aynı zamanda kentlere özgünlüğünü kazandıran bu katmanlar tarihsel süreç içinde kentleşme ile birlikte değişip dönüşmekte, geçmişin izleri silinmekte veya zarar
görmektedir. Bu değişim ve dönüşümlere karşı stratejilerin geliştirilmesi amacıyla son dönemde ortaya çıkan kent arkeolojisi biliminin başlıca tartışma konusu, kentsel arkeolojik alanların sürdürülebilir bütünleşik korunmasıyla
erişilebilir duruma getirilmesidir. Mevcut koruma yöntemleri çok katmanlı kentlerin sorunlarını çözmede yetersiz kaldığından, konu özelindeki en büyük zorluk özellikle arkeolojik katmanların bugünle entegre olabilmesi durumudur.
Sosyo-ekonomik ve kültürel nedenlerle ortaya çıkan yeni gereksinimler ve buna bağlı gelişen kentleşme arkeolojik sit alanlarını ve tescilli mimarlık ürünlerini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu etki faktörü alan üzerindeki koruma
tartışmalarını önemli hale getirmektedir. Bu bağlamda, Düzce ili özelinde M.Ö. 3 yy’ a tarihlenen Prusias ad Hypium antik kentini, üzerinde barındırdığı Erken Cumhuriyet dönemi yerel sivil mimarlık örneklerini ve yakın döneme ait
kentsel dokuyu bütünleştiren çok katmanlı yapısını göz önünde bulunduran bir anlayışla ele almak ve koruma sorunlarını tespit etmek hedeflenmektedir. İlgili arkeolojik sit alanının kentteki koruma ve planlama çalışmalarına katılması
ve modern kentle bütünleştirilmesi için öneri birtakım yöntemler tartışılmış ve bu kapsamda Prusias ad Hypium antik kenti ve çevresi incelenerek koruma sorunları tespit edilerek öneriler sunulmuştur.
Clinical Course and Outcome of COVID-19 in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Single-centre Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Ammayappan Shiva Kumar , Rajagopalan Arul , Arunachalam Jegan , Prasath Arun , Durai Rakesh , Rajendran Manorajan , Varghese Benoy , Velu Shanmuganathan
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Solid Organ Transplants (SOT) is at increased risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, which may result in acute graft dysfunction and even death. While the disease has been well studied in the general population, it is not the case in renal transplant recipients. The poor immunological response of the vaccine in postrenal transplant patients, the emergence of newer strains, and the possibility of a third wave in India, makes it even more important to know more about the course and outcome of the disease in post renal transplant patients. Aim: To evaluate the demographics, clinical presentation, biochemical profile, course of hospitalisation in post kidney transplant patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study study with 18 patients was conducted in Madurai Medical College, Tamil Nadu, India for duration of four months, from May 2021 to August 2021 and data collection from May 2021 to July 2021 and data analysis in August 2021. All post kidney transplant patients having evidence of COVID-19 were included. Detailed clinical history, biochemical profile, radiological findings, treatment, and final outcomes were collected and compared. Non parametric statistical tests were used, in addition to Chi-square test and odds ratio. Kaplan-Meier plot was used for survival analysis. Results: The most common presentation was fever 15 (83.3%), followed by cough 10 (55.6%). C-reactive Protein (CRP) {65 mg/L (11.48-94.48)}, D-dimer {0.72 mcg/mL (0.59-1.1)}, serum creatinine {3.5 mg/dL (2.12-5.93)}, and platelet count {200,000 cells/cu.mm (1.75-2.22)} and showed statistically significant (p<0.05) association with the outcome. About 15 (83.3%) patients developed Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Seven patients (38.9%) had stage three AKI necessitating haemodialysis, of which six did not survive. The median survival time was 22 days, with 95% confidence interval (19.792-24.208), with case fatality rate of 33.3%. Conclusion: Postkidney transplant patients are at high risk of contracting COVID-19. CRP, D-dimer, serum creatinine, platelet counts, and arterial oxygen saturation may serve as prognostic markers. Dialysis may be required in view of high incidence of AKI and acute graft dysfunction, though the outcome seems dismal in such patients. Hence, the need for early hospitalisation and more effective treatment protocol is essential to improve outcome.