bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preacher and prophet: intersecting voices of St John the Evangelist in late medieval ‘s-Hertogenbosch
Authors: SAUCIER CATHERINE
Published: March 2023

The church of Sint-Jan in the town of ‘s-Hertogenbosch, on the northern frontier of the medieval diocese of Liège, cultivated unique local devotions to the widely venerated apostle St John the Evangelist. Most notable are five annual feasts, two of which are unknown elsewhere in Western Christendom – John's Exile on the Island of Patmos (27 September) and Return from Exile (3 December). Although Patmos figured prominently in the Western iconography of John's prophetic vision and writing of the Apocalypse, this event was largely overlooked in the Western Johannine liturgy. Drawing from an exhaustive study of all extant service books, my comparative analysis of the office chants and readings for John's Exile and Return examines how the ‘s-Hertogenbosch clergy synthesised Eastern and Western narratives of John's evangelical and prophetic activities on Patmos. A previously ignored liturgical imprint sheds new light on local reception of a fifth-century text of Syrian origin – the Acts of John by Prochorus – widely disseminated in Byzantium but little known in the Latin West. The Matins readings from this source contradict the Western prophetic association of Patmos by imagining this island as the locus for John's preaching and writing of the Gospel, yet the concluding versified responsories, unique to ‘s-Hertogenbosch, call on John as both a preacher and a prophet – attributes that merge in the musical form and melodic embellishment of these previously unstudied chants. More broadly, this case study demonstrates how the office liturgy might conflate different hagiographic narratives.
Relationship between iodine knowledge and dietary iodine intake in pregnant and lactating women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nie Jiaoyang , Zhu Yuming , Wang Chenchen , Lin Qin , Tayier Rishalaiti , Cai Zhuoxuan , Ma Pinjiang , Zhang Ling
Published: March 2023

Objective:

This study assessed the iodine knowledge of pregnant and lactating women and the relationship to dietary iodine intake and iodine status. The factors influencing iodine intake were analysed.

Design:

Basic information and iodine knowledge were collected via a questionnaire. A FFQ assessed dietary iodine intake. The urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured using the arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometric determination of iodine in urine (WS/T 107 -2016).

Setting:

A cross-sectional study involving pregnant and lactating women in Xinjiang, China was conducted.

Participants:

A total of 1181 pregnant women and 504 lactating women were enrolled in the study.

Results:

The median UIC for pregnant and lactating women was 179·27 and 192·81 µg/l, respectively, and the dietary iodine intake was 407·16 and 356·89 µg/d, respectively. Of the pregnant and lactating women, 73·4 % and 82·5 % had medium iodine knowledge, respectively. In pregnant women, iodine knowledge and dietary iodine intake were positively correlated. High iodine knowledge and iodine education were shown to be protective factors for excessive iodine intake in pregnant women.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that the iodine nutritional status of women in Xinjiang was appropriate, and iodine knowledge was at a medium level, but there was confusion about iodine nutrition. Public education is needed to improve iodine knowledge and active iodine supplementation awareness among these populations of women.
Memory and Management: Competing Controls on Long‐Term Nitrate Trajectories in U.S. Rivers
Authors: Van Meter Kimberly J. , Byrnes Danyka K. , Basu Nandita B.
Published: March 2023

Excess nitrogen from intensive agricultural production, atmospheric N deposition, and urban point sources elevates stream nitrate concentrations, leading to problems of eutrophication and ecosystem degradation in coastal waters. A major emphasis of current US‐scale analysis of water quality is to better our understanding of the relationship between changes in anthropogenic N inputs within watersheds and subsequent changes in riverine N loads. While most water quality modeling assumes a positive linear correlation between watershed N inputs and riverine N, many efforts to reduce riverine N through improved nutrient management practices result in little or no short‐term improvements in water quality. Here, we use nitrate concentration and load data from 478 US watersheds, along with developed N input trajectories for these watersheds, to quantify time‐varying relationships between N inputs and riverine N export. Our results show substantial variations in watershed N import‐export relationships over time, with quantifiable hysteresis effects. Our results show that more population‐dense urban watersheds in the northeastern U.S. more frequently show clockwise hysteresis relationships between N imports and riverine N export, with accelerated improvements in water quality being achieved through the implementation of point‐source controls. In contrast, counterclockwise hysteresis dynamics are more common in agricultural watersheds, where time lags occur between the implementation of nutrient management practices and water‐quality improvements. Finally, we find higher tile‐drainage densities to be associated with more linear relationships between N inputs and riverine N. The empirical analysis in this study is bolstered by modeled simulations to reproduce and further explain drivers behind the hysteretic relationships commonly observed in the monitored watersheds.
Analysis of Fluid Flow Pathways in the Mount Meager Volcanic Complex, Southwestern Canada, Utilizing AMT and Petrophysical Data
Authors: Hormozzade Ghalati F. , Craven J. A. , Motazedian D. , Grasby S. E. , Roots E. , Tschirhart V. , Chen Z. , Liu X.
Published: March 2023

Defining the spatial distribution of geological structures and rock properties is important for understanding how fluid flow is controlled in a geothermal reservoir. Here, we present a procedure to examine the potential fluid pathways. By combining 3‐D resistivity models derived from audio‐magnetotelluric (AMT) data with available rock properties (porosity and permeability) and fluid sample data (fluid resistivity, salinity, and temperature), we investigated the relationship between electrical resistivity and fluid flow in an active volcanic system. Different petrophysical models and empirical relations are evaluated to determine the relationship between the fluid flow system at Mount Meager, British Columbia, and the resistivity model. In addition, we utilized porosity and permeability measured in the laboratory to define the porosity‐permeability relationship. The porosity of the volcanic core samples showed a range of 2.6%–23.2% and the permeability was in a range of 0.001–5,186.57 mD. The results showed the potential of 3‐D inversion of AMT data to map the fluid pathways at Mount Meager. These pathways are correlated with loss circulation zones in boreholes and can account for porosity up to 8.5%, which using the porosity‐permeability relationship translates to permeability of the order 0.249 mD. Not only are the fault and fracture zones important for reservoir exploitation, but they also provide permeability for the circulation of meteoric water. Our studies suggest that a set of fractures with 0.1 m spacing and 20 mm aperture can keep 40% fluid in pores and transmit fluid with possible permeability of 666 mD.
High Pressure Melting Curve of Fe Determined by Inter‐Metallic Fast Diffusion Technique
Authors: Ezenwa Innocent C. , Fei Yingwei
Published: March 2023

The heat extracted from the core by the overlying mantle across the core‐mantle boundary controls the thermal evolution of the core. This in turn leads to the solidification of the inner core in association with the exsolution of light alloying elements into the liquid outer core. Although the temperature (T) at the inner core boundary (ICB) would be adjusted to account for the effects of the light elements, the melting T of Fe places an upper bound at the ICB and it is a vital point in the thermal profile of the core. Here, we determine the melting T of Fe in the multi‐anvil press by characterizing the interface of Fe‐W interaction. Our data place a tighter constraint on the melting curve of Fe between 8 and 21 GPa, that is directly applicable to small planetary bodies and serves as an anchor for melting curve of Fe at higher pressure.
Vegetation Reconfigures Barrier Coasts and Affects Tidal Basin Infilling Under Sea Level Rise
Authors: Boechat Albernaz M. , Brückner M. Z. M. , van Maanen B. , van der Spek A. J. F. , Kleinhans M. G.
Published: March 2023

Worldwide, many tidal basins associated with barrier coasts have infilled over the past millennia due to the combination of sediment supply, wave‐tidal sediment transport, and eco‐engineering effects of vegetation. However, the biogeomorphological interactions between saltmarsh and the morphodynamics of an entire coastal barrier system are poorly understood, especially under sea level rise (SLR). Here, we study the evolution of a barrier coast for combinations of mud availability, presence of vegetation, and SLR. We developed a novel biogeomorphological model of an idealized barrier coast enclosing a tidal basin with sandy‐clayey sediments that was subjected to tides and waves for a century. The morphodynamic Delft3D model was coupled to a vegetation code which accounts for the dynamics of marsh‐type vegetation. Initially, vegetation contributed to reducing the tidal prism while sediment was imported. However, with SLR this trend was reversed and the tidal basins started to export sediment for vegetated runs after about 50–60 years while the unvegetated scenarios continued to infill in pace with the SLR. The sediment export was caused by cascading biomorphodynamic feedback effects triggered by vegetation which modified channel and shoal dynamics. Even under higher mud supply, the SLR resulted in vegetation collapse. The hypsometries, similar to natural systems, showed that vegetated systems converge to an alternative stable state condition. We conclude that the long‐term resilience of the tidal basin associated with sediment infilling under SLR can be reduced by cascading large‐scale effects of vegetation on the morphodynamics of barrier coasts.
Turning Noise Into Data: Characterization of the Van Allen Radiation Belt Using SDO Spikes Data
Authors: Kasapis Spiridon , Thompson Barbara J. , Rodriguez Juan V. , Attie Raphael , Cucho‐Padin Gonzalo , da Silva Daniel , Jin Meng , Pesnell William D.
Published: March 2023

The Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) is a solar mission in an inclined geosynchronous orbit. Since commissioning, images acquired by Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) instrument on‐board the SDO have frequently displayed “spikes,” pixel regions yielding extreme number of digital counts. These are theorized to occur from energetic electron collisions with the instrument detector system. These spikes are regularly removed from AIA Level 1.0 images to produce clean and reliable data. A study of historical data has found over 100 trillion spikes in the past decade. This project correlates spike detection frequency with radiation environment parameters in order to generate an augmented data product from SDO. We conduct a correlation study between SDO/AIA data and radiation belt activity within the SDO's orbit. By extracting radiation “spike” data from the SDO/AIA images, we produce a comprehensive data product which is correlated not only with geomagnetic parameters such as Kp, Ap, and Sym‐H but also with the electron and proton fluxes measured by the GOES‐14 satellite. As a result, we find that AIA spikes are highly correlated with the GOES‐14 electrons detected by the magnetospheric electron detector and energetic proton, electron and alpha detectors instruments at the equator (where the two satellites meet) with Spearman's Correlation values of ρ = 0.73 and ρ = 0.53, respectively, while a weaker correlation of ρ = 0.47 is shown with magnetospheric proton detector protons for the 2 year period where both missions returned data uninterruptedly. This correlation proves that the SDO spike data can be proven useful for characterizing the Van Allen radiation belt, especially at areas where other satellites cannot.
Evolution of Bottom Boundary Layers on Three Dimensional Topography—Buoyancy Adjustment and Instabilities
Authors: Jagannathan Arjun , Srinivasan Kaushik , McWilliams James C. , Molemaker Jeroen , Stewart Andrew L.
Published: March 2023

A current along a sloping bottom gives rise to upwelling, or downwelling Ekman transport within the stratified bottom boundary layer (BBL), also known as the bottom Ekman layer. In 1D models of slope currents, geostrophic vertical shear resulting from horizontal buoyancy gradients within the BBL is predicted to eventually bring the bottom stress to zero, leading to a shutdown, or “arrest,” of the BBL. Using 3D ROMS simulations, we explore how the dynamics of buoyancy adjustment in a current‐ridge encounter problem differs from 1D and 2D temporal spin up problems. We show that in a downwelling BBL, the destruction of the ageostrophic BBL shear, and hence the bottom stress, is accomplished primarily by nonlinear straining effects during the initial topographic encounter. As the current advects along the ridge slopes, the BBL deepens and evolves toward thermal wind balance. The onset of negative potential vorticitymodes of instability and their subsequent dissipation partially offsets the reduction of the BBL dissipation during the ridge‐current interaction. On the upwelling side, although the bottom stress weakens substantially during the encounter, the BBL experiences a horizontal inflectional point instability and separates from the slopes before sustained along‐slope stress reduction can occur. In all our solutions, both the upwelling and downwelling BBLs are in a partially arrested state when the current separates from the ridge slope, characterized by a reduced, but non‐zero bottom stress on the slopes.
Asciminib monotherapy in patients with CML-CP without BCR::ABL1 T315I mutations treated with at least two prior TKIs: 4-year phase 1 safety and efficacy results
Authors: Mauro Michael J. , Hughes Timothy P. , Kim Dong-Wook , Rea Delphine , Cortes Jorge E. , Hochhaus Andreas , Sasaki Koji , Breccia Massimo , Talpaz Moshe , Ottmann Oliver , Minami Hironobu , Goh Yeow Tee , DeAngelo Daniel J. , Heinrich Michael C. , Gómez-García de Soria Valle , le Coutre Philipp , Mahon Francois-Xavier , Janssen Jeroen J. W. M. , Deininger Michael , Shanmuganathan Naranie , Geyer Mark B. , Cacciatore Silvia , Polydoros Fotis , Agrawal Nithya , Hoch Matthias , Lang Fabian
Published: March 2023

Asciminib is approved for patients with Philadelphia chromosome–positive chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-CP) who received ≥2 prior tyrosine kinase inhibitors or have the T315I mutation. We report updated results of a phase 1, open-label, nonrandomized trial (NCT02081378) assessing the safety, tolerability, and antileukemic activity of asciminib monotherapy 10–200 mg once or twice daily in 115 patients with CML-CP without T315I (data cutoff: January 6, 2021). After ≈4-year median exposure, 69.6% of patients remained on asciminib. The most common grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) included increased pancreatic enzymes (22.6%), thrombocytopenia (13.9%), hypertension (13.0%), and neutropenia (12.2%); all-grade AEs (mostly grade 1/2) included musculoskeletal pain (59.1%), upper respiratory tract infection (41.7%), and fatigue (40.9%). Clinical pancreatitis and arterial occlusive events (AOEs) occurred in 7.0% and 8.7%, respectively. Most AEs occurred during year 1; the subsequent likelihood of new events, including AOEs, was low. By data cutoff, among patients without the indicated response at baseline, 61.3% achieved BCR::ABL1 ≤ 1%, 61.6% achieved ≤0.1% (major molecular response [MMR]), and 33.7% achieved ≤0.01% on the International Scale. MMR was maintained in 48/53 patients who achieved it and 19/20 who were in MMR at screening, supporting the long-term safety and efficacy of asciminib in this population.
Predicting breast cancer types on and beyond molecular level in a multi-modal fashion
Authors: Zhang Tianyu , Tan Tao , Han Luyi , Appelman Linda , Veltman Jeroen , Wessels Ronni , Duvivier Katya M. , Loo Claudette , Gao Yuan , Wang Xin , Horlings Hugo M. , Beets-Tan Regina G. H. , Mann Ritse M.
Published: March 2023

Accurately determining the molecular subtypes of breast cancer is important for the prognosis of breast cancer patients and can guide treatment selection. In this study, we develop a deep learning-based model for predicting the molecular subtypes of breast cancer directly from the diagnostic mammography and ultrasound images. Multi-modal deep learning with intra- and inter-modality attention modules (MDL-IIA) is proposed to extract important relations between mammography and ultrasound for this task. MDL-IIA leads to the best diagnostic performance compared to other cohort models in predicting 4-category molecular subtypes with Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.837 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.803, 0.870). The MDL-IIA model can also discriminate between Luminal and Non-Luminal disease with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.929 (95% CI: 0.903, 0.951). These results significantly outperform clinicians’ predictions based on radiographic imaging. Beyond molecular-level test, based on gene-level ground truth, our method can bypass the inherent uncertainty from immunohistochemistry test. This work thus provides a noninvasive method to predict the molecular subtypes of breast cancer, potentially guiding treatment selection for breast cancer patients and providing decision support for clinicians.
Political endorsement by Nature and trust in scientific expertise during COVID-19
Authors: Zhang Floyd Jiuyun
Published: March 2023

High-profile political endorsements by scientific publications have become common in recent years, raising concerns about backlash against the endorsing organizations and scientific expertise. In a preregistered large-sample controlled experiment, I randomly assigned participants to receive information about the endorsement of Joe Biden by the scientific journalNatureduring the COVID-19 pandemic. The endorsement message caused large reductions in stated trust inNatureamong Trump supporters. This distrust lowered the demand for COVID-related information provided byNature, as evidenced by substantially reduced requests forNaturearticles on vaccine efficacy when offered. The endorsement also reduced Trump supporters’ trust in scientists in general. The estimated effects on Biden supporters’ trust inNatureand scientists were positive, small and mostly statistically insignificant. I found little evidence that the endorsement changed views about Biden and Trump. These results suggest that political endorsement by scientific journals can undermine and polarize public confidence in the endorsing journals and the scientific community.
Political polarization of news media and influencers on Twitter in the 2016 and 2020 US presidential elections
Authors: Flamino James , Galeazzi Alessandro , Feldman Stuart , Macy Michael W. , Cross Brendan , Zhou Zhenkun , Serafino Matteo , Bovet Alexandre , Makse Hernán A. , Szymanski Boleslaw K.
Published: March 2023

Social media has been transforming political communication dynamics for over a decade. Here using nearly a billion tweets, we analyse the change in Twitter’s news media landscape between the 2016 and 2020 US presidential elections. Using political bias and fact-checking tools, we measure the volume of politically biased content and the number of users propagating such information. We then identify influencers—users with the greatest ability to spread news in the Twitter network. We observe that the fraction of fake and extremely biased content declined between 2016 and 2020. However, results show increasing echo chamber behaviours and latent ideological polarization across the two elections at the user and influencer levels.
Beating the break-even point with a discrete-variable-encoded logical qubit
Authors: Ni Zhongchu , Li Sai , Deng Xiaowei , Cai Yanyan , Zhang Libo , Wang Weiting , Yang Zhen-Biao , Yu Haifeng , Yan Fei , Liu Song , Zou Chang-Ling , Sun Luyan , Zheng Shi-Biao , Xu Yuan , Yu Dapeng
Published: March 2023

Quantum error correction (QEC) aims to protect logical qubits from noises by using the redundancy of a large Hilbert space, which allows errors to be detected and corrected in real time1. In most QEC codes2–8, a logical qubit is encoded in some discrete variables, for example photon numbers, so that the encoded quantum information can be unambiguously extracted after processing. Over the past decade, repetitive QEC has been demonstrated with various discrete-variable-encoded scenarios9–17. However, extending the lifetimes of thus-encoded logical qubits beyond the best available physical qubit still remains elusive, which represents a break-even point for judging the practical usefulness of QEC. Here we demonstrate a QEC procedure in a circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture18, where the logical qubit is binomially encoded in photon-number states of a microwave cavity8, dispersively coupled to an auxiliary superconducting qubit. By applying a pulse featuring a tailored frequency comb to the auxiliary qubit, we can repetitively extract the error syndrome with high fidelity and perform error correction with feedback control accordingly, thereby exceeding the break-even point by about 16% lifetime enhancement. Our work illustrates the potential of hardware-efficient discrete-variable encodings for fault-tolerant quantum computation19.
Interhemispheric competition during sleep
Authors: Fenk Lorenz A. , Riquelme Juan Luis , Laurent Gilles
Published: March 2023

Our understanding of the functions and mechanisms of sleep remains incomplete, reflecting their increasingly evident complexity1–3. Likewise, studies of interhemispheric coordination during sleep4–6are often hard to connect precisely to known sleep circuits and mechanisms. Here, by recording from the claustra of sleeping bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps), we show that, although the onsets and offsets ofPogonarapid-eye-movement (REMP) and slow-wave sleep are coordinated bilaterally, these two sleep states differ markedly in their inter-claustral coordination. During slow-wave sleep, the claustra produce sharp-wave ripples independently of one another, showing no coordination. By contrast, during REMPsleep, the potentials produced by the two claustra are precisely coordinated in amplitude and time. These signals, however, are not synchronous: one side leads the other by about 20 ms, with the leading side switching typically once per REMPepisode or in between successive episodes. The leading claustrum expresses the stronger activity, suggesting bilateral competition. This competition does not occur directly between the two claustra or telencephalic hemispheres. Rather, it occurs in the midbrain and depends on the integrity of a GABAergic (γ-aminobutyric-acid-producing) nucleus of the isthmic complex, which exists in all vertebrates and is known in birds to underlie bottom-up attention and gaze control. These results reveal that a winner-take-all-type competition exists between the two sides of the brain ofPogona, which originates in the midbrain and has precise consequences for claustrum activity and coordination during REMPsleep.
From primordial clocks to circadian oscillators
Authors: Pitsawong Warintra , Pádua Ricardo A. P. , Grant Timothy , Hoemberger Marc , Otten Renee , Bradshaw Niels , Grigorieff Nikolaus , Kern Dorothee
Published: March 2023

Circadian rhythms play an essential part in many biological processes, and only three prokaryotic proteins are required to constitute a true post-translational circadian oscillator1. The evolutionary history of the three Kai proteins indicates that KaiC is the oldest member and a central component of the clock2. Subsequent additions of KaiB and KaiA regulate the phosphorylation state of KaiC for time synchronization. The canonical KaiABC system in cyanobacteria is well understood3–6, but little is known about more ancient systems that only possess KaiBC. However, there are reports that they might exhibit a basic, hourglass-like timekeeping mechanism7–9. Here we investigate the primordial circadian clock in Rhodobacter sphaeroides, which contains only KaiBC, to elucidate its inner workings despite missing KaiA. Using a combination of X-ray crystallography and cryogenic electron microscopy, we find a new dodecameric fold for KaiC, in which two hexamers are held together by a coiled-coil bundle of 12 helices. This interaction is formed by the carboxy-terminal extension of KaiC and serves as an ancient regulatory moiety that is later superseded by KaiA. A coiled-coil register shift between daytime and night-time conformations is connected to phosphorylation sites through a long-range allosteric network that spans over 140 Å. Our kinetic data identify the difference in the ATP-to-ADP ratio between day and night as the environmental cue that drives the clock. They also unravel mechanistic details that shed light on the evolution of self-sustained oscillators.
CFTR function, pathology and pharmacology at single-molecule resolution
Authors: Levring Jesper , Terry Daniel S. , Kilic Zeliha , Fitzgerald Gabriel , Blanchard Scott C. , Chen Jue
Published: March 2023

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel that regulates salt and fluid homeostasis across epithelial membranes1. Alterations in CFTR cause cystic fibrosis, a fatal disease without a cure2,3. Electrophysiological properties of CFTR have been analysed for decades4–6. The structure of CFTR, determined in two globally distinct conformations, underscores its evolutionary relationship with other ATP-binding cassette transporters. However, direct correlations between the essential functions of CFTR and extant structures are lacking at present. Here we combine ensemble functional measurements, single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer, electrophysiology and kinetic simulations to show that the two nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) of human CFTR dimerize before channel opening. CFTR exhibits an allosteric gating mechanism in which conformational changes within the NBD-dimerized channel, governed by ATP hydrolysis, regulate chloride conductance. The potentiators ivacaftor and GLPG1837 enhance channel activity by increasing pore opening while NBDs are dimerized. Disease-causing substitutions proximal (G551D) or distal (L927P) to the ATPase site both reduce the efficiency of NBD dimerization. These findings collectively enable the framing of a gating mechanism that informs on the search for more efficacious clinical therapies.
In silico and in vivo hepatoprotective activity of the synthesized 5-benzylidene-2-thiohydantoin against diethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury in a rat model
Authors: Akree Lana S. , Amin Zahra A. , Ahmad Hiwa O.
Published: March 2023

In the present study, the hepatoprotective effect of 5-benzylidine-2-thiohydantoin (5B2T), a unique derivative of the thiohydantoin group, on liver injury induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in male rats was investigated. The experimental animals were divided into three groups, each with 14 rats. Rats in group I were considered to be controls and received only 10% Tween 80. Rats in group II were injected with 200 mg/kg DEN intraperitoneally. Rats in group III were injected with a single dose of DEN 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally and received the treatment orally (50 mg/kg, 5B2T) for two durations, 3 and 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood was collected for the analysis of liver function and pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels. Additionally, liver specimens were used for histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry. The single intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg DEN into rats resulted in significant elevation of serum enzyme levels of AST, ALT and ALP, which are indicators of hepatocellular damage, along with elevation in TNF-α and IL-6 in the DEN group. The results of both LFTs and ELISA in the treatment group showed improvements and a decline in the levels of the markers. Histopathological examination showed fibrosis, necrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the DEN group, with lower intensity in the treatment group. The results of immunohistochemical staining revealed strong positive staining of both HSA and Ki-67 antibodies in the DEN group, with much lower intensity in the treatment group. The results of the docking study indicated that 5B2T has a remarkable interaction with TNF-α (PDB ID: 1TNF) and human IL-6 (PDB ID: 1IL6) with binding site energies of − 7.1 and − 6.1 (kcal/mol), respectively. The correct absorption and binding between the drug and the receptor was evaluated through computerized molecular docking by using the AutoDock program. The conclusion of the results from the current study reflected the interesting hepatoprotective abilities of 5B2T against DEN-induced hepatocellular damage and cancer in experimental rats.
In vitro antiviral effect of ethanolic extracts from Azadirachta indica and Melia azedarach against goat lentivirus in colostrum and milk
Authors: de Sousa Ana Lidia Madeira , Rizaldo Pinheiro Raymundo , Furtado Araujo Juscilania , Mesquita Peixoto Renato , de Azevedo Dalva Alana Aragao , Cesar Lima Ana Milena , Marques Canuto Kirley , Vasconcelos Ribeiro Paulo Riceli , de Queiroz Souza Ana Sheila , Rocha Souza Samara Cristina , de Amorim Sara Lucena , Paula Amaral Gabriel , de Souza Viviane , de Morais Selene Maia , Andrioli Alice , da Silva Teixeira Maria Fatima
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, the use of leaf extracts ofAzadirachta indica(A. indica) andMelia azedarach(M. azedarach) as antivirals against caprine lentivirus (CLV) in colostrum and milk of goat nannies. These were collected from eight individuals and infected with the standard strain of CLV. Samples were then subdivided into aliquots and treated with 150 µg/mL of crude extract, and with ethyl acetate and methanol fractions for 30, 60, and 90 min. Next, somatic cells from colostrum and milk were co-cultured with cells from the ovine third eyelid. After this step, viral titers of the supernatants collected from treatments with greater efficacy in co-culture were assessed. The organic ethyl acetate fractions of both plants at 90 min possibly inhibited the viral activity of CLV by up to a thousandfold in colostrum. In milk, this inhibition was up to 800 times for the respective Meliaceae. In conclusion, the ethanolic fraction of ethyl acetate from both plants demonstrated efficacy against CLV in samples from colostrum and milk when subjected to treatment, which was more effective in colostrum.
Feature-based interaction between masks and target in continuous flash suppression
Authors: Drewes Jan , Witzel Christoph , Zhu Weina
Published: March 2023

Continuous flash suppression (CFS) has become one of the most popular tools in the study of visual processing in the absence of conscious awareness. Studies use different kinds of masks, like colorful Mondrians or random noise. Even though the use of CFS is widespread, little is known about some of the underlying neuronal mechanisms, such as the interactions between masks and stimuli. We designed a b-CFS experiment with feature-reduced targets and masks in order to investigate possible effects of feature-similarity or -orthogonality between masks and targets. Masks were pink noise patterns filtered with an orientation band pass to generate a strong directionality. Target stimuli were Gabors varying systematically in their orientational alignment with the masks. We found that stimuli whose orientational alignment was more similar to that of the masks are suppressed significantly longer. This feature-similarity (here: orientation) based enhancement of suppression duration can be overcome by feature orthogonality in another feature dimension (here: color). We conclude that mask–target interactions exist in continuous flash suppression, and the human visual system can use orthogonality within a feature dimension or across feature dimensions to facilitate the breaking of the CFS.
Metamaterial properties of Babinet complementary complex structures
Authors: Tóth Emese , Bánhelyi Balázs , Fekete Olivér , Csete Mária
Published: March 2023

Single and multiple layers of sub-wavelength periodic Babinet complementary patterns composed of rounded nano-object miniarrays were investigated. In case of illumination with linearly and circularly polarized light the azimuthal orientation and handedness (in)dependence of (cross-polarized) copolarized transmitted signal components was proven for all types of patterns. Considerable (weak) asymmetric transmission was demonstrated in extended bands exclusively for both types of copolarized (cross-polarized) signals transmitted through single layer of convex miniarrays. Three-dimensional structures constructed with convex–concave–convex complex pattern-layers resulted in a negative index at the visible region boundary both for linearly and circularly polarized light illuminations. This is because dipolar modes on the convex nano-objects are synchronized with co-existent reversal dipoles on the concave nano-objects via interlayer coupling. Although during linearly polarized light illumination, the interlayer interaction decouples the localized and propagating modes excitable on the concave pattern in the 90° azimuthal orientation, the synchronization via tilted-rotating nanoring dipoles is almost perfect in the 0° azimuthal orientation. For circularly polarized light illumination, both the dispersion maps and the negative index phenomena synthesize the characteristics of the two orthogonal linearly polarized light illuminations. Important aspect is the appearance of a small/intermediate (large) time-averaged amplitude magnetic dipole due to the tilted (twisted) electric dipole on the concave nanoring, which less/more quickly turns (continuously rotates) with large/intermediate (small) out-of-plane tilting, when illumination is realized with linearly polarized light in the 90°/0° azimuthal orientation (with circularly polarized light). The location of the negative index can be predicted based on the copolarized transmittance signals computed for circularly polarized light illumination by using the linear base representation of Jones transmission matrix elements.
An induced annual modulation signature in COSINE-100 data by DAMA/LIBRA’s analysis method
Authors: Adhikari Govinda , Carlin Nelson , Choi JaeJin , Choi Seonho , Ezeribe Anthony , França Luis Eduardo , Ha Chang Hyon , Hahn In Sik , Hollick Sophia J. , Jeon Eunju , Jo Jay Hyun , Joo Han Wool , Kang Woon Gu , Kauer Matthew , Kim Bongho , Kim Hongjoo , Kim Jinyoung , Kim Kyungwon , Kim SungHyun , Kim Sun Kee , Kim Won Kyung , Kim Yeongduk , Kim Yong-Hamb , Ko Young Ju , Lee Doo Hyok , Lee Eun Kyung , Lee Hyunseok , Lee Hyun Su , Lee Hye Young , Lee In Soo , Lee Jaison , Lee Jooyoung , Lee Moo Hyun , Lee Seo Hyun , Lee Seung Mok , Lee Yu Jin , Leonard Douglas , Manzato Bruno B. , Maruyama Reina H. , Neal Robert J. , Nikkel James A. , Olsen Stephen L. , Park Byung Ju , Park Hyang Kyu , Park Hyeonseo , Park Kangsoon , Park Se Dong , Pitta Ricardo L. C. , Prihtiadi Hafizh , Ra Sejin , Rott Carsten , Shin Keon Ah , Scarff Andrew , Spooner Neil J. C. , Thompson William G. , Yang Liang , Yu Gyun Ho
Published: March 2023

The DAMA/LIBRA collaboration has reported the observation of an annual modulation in the event rate that has been attributed to dark matter interactions over the last two decades. However, even though tremendous efforts to detect similar dark matter interactions were pursued, no definitive evidence has been observed to corroborate the DAMA/LIBRA signal. Many studies assuming various dark matter models have attempted to reconcile DAMA/LIBRA’s modulation signals and null results from other experiments, however no clear conclusion can be drawn. Apart from the dark matter hypothesis, several studies have examined the possibility that the modulation is induced by variations in detector’s environment or their specific analysis methods. In particular, a recent study presents a possible cause of the annual modulation from an analysis method adopted by the DAMA/LIBRA experiment in which the observed annual modulation could be reproduced by a slowly varying time-dependent background. Here, we study the COSINE-100 data using an analysis method similar to the one adopted by the DAMA/LIBRA experiment and observe a significant annual modulation, however the modulation phase is almost opposite to that of the DAMA/LIBRA data. Assuming the same background composition for COSINE-100 and DAMA/LIBRA, simulated experiments for the DAMA/LIBRA without dark matter signals also provide significant annual modulation with an amplitude similar to DAMA/LIBRA with opposite phase. Even though this observation does not directly explain the DAMA/LIBRA results directly, this interesting phenomenon motivates more profound studies of the time-dependent DAMA/LIBRA background data.
Evaluation of biometric formulas in the calculation of intraocular lens according to axial length and type of the lens
Authors: Sánchez-Liñan Noelia , Pérez-Rueda Antonio , Parrón-Carreño Tesifón , Nievas-Soriano Bruno-José , Castro-Luna Gracia
Published: March 2023

To compare the accuracy of the modern biometric formulas in cataract surgery according to axial length and lens type. It is a Cross-sectional design from 365 patients who underwent cataract surgery. The SRK/T, Hoffer Q, Haigis, and Holladay I formulas were extracted from the IOLMaster 500 biometer. Barret formulas and the Kane were obtained from the online calculator. Patients are classified according to axial length (AL) into three groups: AL ≤ 22 mm, 22 < AL < 25 mm, and AL ≥ 25 mm. In addition, implanted intraocular lenses are classified as Monofocal, extended focus, and Multifocal. There are no significant differences between the formulas. In short, the Kane formula was more accurate than the other biometric formulas. Kane and SRK/T were the most accurate in monofocal lenses, with the lowest residual refractive error. The Holladay I formula obtained the lowest mean absolute error with the highest number of eyes with minimum residual ± 0.5Dp in the multifocal lenses in the 22 < AL < 25 mm eyes. In the long AL eyes, SRK/T and Kane's obtained the lowest mean absolute error and the best percentage of eyes with ± 0.5Dp of residual refractive error. There are no significant differences between the formulas. However Kane's formula has shown high accuracy, especially in short and long eyes with monofocal lenses.
Quasi-band structure of quantum-confined nanocrystals
Authors: Buerkle Marius , Lozac’h Mickaël , Mariotti Davide , Švrček Vladimir
Published: March 2023

We discuss the electronic properties of quantum-confined nanocrystals. In particular, we show how, starting from the discrete molecular states of small nanocrystals, an approximate band structure (quasi-band structure) emerges with increasing particle size. Finite temperature is found to broaden the discrete states in energy space forming even for nanocrystals in the quantum-confinement regime quasi-continuous bands in k-space. This bands can be, to a certain extend, interpreted along the lines of standard band structure theory, while taking also finite size and surface effects into account. We discuss this on various prototypical nanocrystal systems.
Increases in extreme precipitation over the Northeast United States using high-resolution climate model simulations
Authors: Jong Bor-Ting , Delworth Thomas L. , Cooke William F. , Tseng Kai-Chih , Murakami Hiroyuki
Published: March 2023

Extreme precipitation is among the most destructive natural disasters. Simulating changes in regional extreme precipitation remains challenging, partially limited by climate models’ horizontal resolution. Here, we use an ensemble of high-resolution global climate model simulations to study September–November extreme precipitation over the Northeastern United States, where extremes have increased rapidly since the mid-1990s. We show that a model with 25 km horizontal resolution simulates much more realistic extreme precipitation than comparable models with 50 or 100 km resolution, including frequency, amplitude, and temporal variability. The 25 km model simulated trends are quantitatively consistent with observed trends over recent decades. We use the same model for future projections. By the mid-21st century, the model projects unprecedented rainfall events over the region, driven by increasing anthropogenic radiative forcing and distinguishable from natural variability. Very extreme events (>150 mm/day) may be six times more likely by 2100 than in the early 21st century.
NSUN3-mediated mitochondrial tRNA 5-formylcytidine modification is essential for embryonic development and respiratory complexes in mice
Authors: Murakami Yoshitaka , Wei Fan-Yan , Kawamura Yoshimi , Horiguchi Haruki , Kadomatsu Tsuyoshi , Miyata Keishi , Miura Kyoko , Oike Yuichi , Ando Yukio , Ueda Mitsuharu , Tomizawa Kazuhito , Chujo Takeshi
Published: March 2023

In mammalian mitochondria, translation of the AUA codon is supported by 5-formylcytidine (f5C) modification in the mitochondrial methionine tRNA anticodon. The 5-formylation is initiated by NSUN3 methylase. Human NSUN3 mutations are associated with mitochondrial diseases. Here we show that Nsun3 is essential for embryonic development in mice with whole-body Nsun3 knockout embryos dying between E10.5 and E12.5. To determine the functions of NSUN3 in adult tissue, we generated heart-specific Nsun3 knockout (Nsun3HKO) mice. Nsun3HKO heart mitochondria were enlarged and contained fragmented cristae. Nsun3HKO resulted in enhanced heart contraction and age-associated mild heart enlargement. In the Nsun3HKO hearts, mitochondrial mRNAs that encode respiratory complex subunits were not down regulated, but the enzymatic activities of the respiratory complexes decreased, especially in older mice. Our study emphasizes that mitochondrial tRNA anticodon modification is essential for mammalian embryonic development and shows that tissue-specific loss of a single mitochondrial tRNA modification can induce tissue aberration that worsens in later adulthood.
Single-tailed heterocyclic carboxamide lipids for macrophage immune-modulation
Authors: Mei Kuo-Ching , Stiepel Rebeca T. , Bonacquisti Emily , Jasiewicz Natalie E. , Chaudhari Ameya Pravin , Tiwade Palas B. , Bachelder Eric M. , Ainslie Kristy M. , Fenton Owen S. , Nguyen Juliane
Published: March 2023

New lipids are of great interest for drug/gene delivery. We discovered single-tailed heterocyclic carboxamide lipids for stimulating S1P lysate and IFN-alpha responses in macrophages, providing new bioactive lipid biomaterials for immune modulation.
Materials design of edge-modified polymeric carbon nitride nanoribbons for the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction
Authors: Liu Shaohua , Li Yi , Zhang Yongfan , Lin Wei
Published: March 2023

Functional group-modified carbon nitride nanoribbons can effectively improve the photocatalytic performance and reduce the Gibbs free energy of CO2 reduction.
Imaging the photodissociation dynamics of internally excited ethyl radicals from high Rydberg states
Authors: Rubio-Lago Luis , Chicharro David V. , Poullain Sonia Marggi , Zanchet Alexandre , Koumarianou Greta , Glodic Pavle , Samartzis Peter C. , García-Vela Alberto , Bañares Luis
Published: March 2023

Photodynamics of the ethyl radical from highly excited Rydberg states studied using velocity map imaging and ab initio calculations.
Challenges and opportunities for SERS in the infrared: materials and methods
Authors: Deriu Chiara , Thakur Shaila , Tammaro Olimpia , Fabris Laura
Published: March 2023

NIR-SERS and the concomitant tailoring of the detection setup, as well as the tuning of shape, material, and architecture of the enhancing substrates, allow for bioanalytical studies, including cell and through-tissue measurements.
A study on the catalytic performance of the ZrO2@γ-Al2O3 hollow sphere catalyst for COS hydrolysis
Authors: Lei Zhang , Hengliang Wang , Zhang Lei , Yang Jia , Qi Wang
Published: March 2023

A nanoscale hollow sphere hydrolysis catalyst with low catalytic energy consumption, long catalytic lifetime and high conversion COS efficiency.
Controllable carbonyl-assisted C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond reduction and reorganization
Authors: Wang Shengke , Wang Yitu , Hu Kun , Wang Kai , Zhou Xigeng
Published: March 2023

Unprecedentedly preferential reduction of unstrained C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond over ketone, hydrogenative [2+2+2]-cycloreversion of 2,4-diacylcyclohexanols, and cyclizative degradation of poly(vinylketone) have been achieved by organolanthanide catalysis.
Refined definition of the critical micelle concentration and application to alkyl maltosides used in membrane protein research
Authors: Bothe Adrian , Zouni Athina , Müh Frank
Published: March 2023

A refined definition of the critical micelle concentration is connected to fluorescence methods and applied to test a molecular thermodynamic model of nonionic detergents used for in vitro studies of membrane proteins.
Facile synthesis of NiS nanowires via ion exchange reaction as an efficient counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Fan Zhe , Chen Xu , Shi Xiaoqing , Jiang Qiwei , Zhang Yang
Published: March 2023

This paper proposes a strategy for the facile preparation of NiS nanowires via ion exchange reaction. This special synthesis process enables NiS nanowires to form a tightly connected network of transported electrons and a hierarchical porous structure with a large specific surface area.
Piezochromic fluorescence of anthracene derivative crystals with different stacking patterns designed around excimers
Authors: Dai Yuxiang , Liu Haichao , Geng Ting , Duan Ruijie , Li Xiaoming , Liu Yongli , Liu Wengang , He Ben-Guo , Sui Laizhi , Wang Kai , Zou Bo , Yang Bing , Qi Yang
Published: March 2023

Three anthracene derivative molecule crystals with three typical aggregating structures were prepared and they showed different pressure fluorescence color responses.
Zero-dimensional Cu(i)-based organometallic halide with green cluster-centred emission for high resolution X-ray imaging screens
Authors: Almushaikeh Alaa M. , Wang Hong , Gutiérrez-Arzaluz Luis , Yin Jun , Huang Ren-Wu , Bakr Osman M. , Mohammed Omar F.
Published: March 2023

Zero-dimensional cupper(i) organometallic metal halide, with a perovskite-related structure, exhibits an efficient green cluster-centred emission for next-generation X-ray imaging screens.
Amorphous/crystalline heterostructure of NiFe (oxy)hydroxides for efficient oxygen evolution and urea oxidation
Authors: Song Tianshan , Xue Hui , Sun Jing , Guo Niankun , Sun Jiawen , Hao Yi-Ru , Wang Qin
Published: March 2023

A V-doped amorphous/crystalline heterostructure of NiFe (oxy)hydroxide is developed with superior OER and UOR performances. V doping can effectively regulate electron transfer, and the unique heterostructures can expose more active sites.
Correction: 5D total scattering computed tomography reveals the full reaction mechanism of a bismuth vanadate lithium ion battery anode
Authors: Sottmann Jonas , Ruud Amund , Fjellvåg Øystein S. , Vaughan Gavin B. M. , Di Michel Marco , Fjellvåg Helmer , Lebedev Oleg I. , Vajeeston Ponniah , Wragg David S.
Published: March 2023

Correction for ‘5D total scattering computed tomography reveals the full reaction mechanism of a bismuth vanadate lithium ion battery anode’ by Jonas Sottmann et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, 27075–27085, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CP03892G.
Boron phosphide as an efficient metal-free catalyst for nitrate electroreduction to ammonia
Authors: Zhang Nana , Zhang Guike , Tian Ye , Guo Yali , Chu Ke
Published: March 2023

BP is demonstrated as an efficient metal-free catalyst for electrochemical NO3−reduction to NH3(NO3RR), which is attributed to the active B sites to effectively promote the NO3RR and prohibit the hydrogen evolution.