bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving energy efficiency and reliability of heating networks through the use of multilayer thermal insulation structures
Authors: Biryuzova E A , Glukhanov A S
Published: November 2020

Thermal insulation of pipelines is actively used to reduce heat losses in heat supply systems, as well as to reduce the temperature on the utilities surfaces, for safety during daily operation. This method ensures uninterrupted operation of heating systems in the winter, eliminating the risk of the heat carrier freezing and, consequently, their failure. At the moment, the application of effective thermal insulation of heating network equipment and pipelines is of great importance. The lack of a high-quality heat-insulating coating on the pipeline surface leads to significant losses of fund from various level budgets and a decrease in the quality of the heat carrier, that is, its temperature. Special requirements are imposed on thermal insulation materials, according to current regulatory documents, compliance with which is monitored by specialized organizations. The thermophysical indicators study of modern heat-insulating materials of domestic production and their application impact on the efficiency of the heat supply system is an urgent task aimed at improving energy efficiency and reducing energy consumption by reducing heat losses in heating networks pipelines.
An analysis of IT outsourcing models in the digital education process
Authors: Fedorova S V
Published: November 2020

One of the issues of development of the digital educational process is the use of IT outsourcing technologies. IT outsourcing is a group of services provided by a third-party company specializing in these processes. This type of outsourcing has recently appeared, but it has become one of the most popular outsourcing services. Many companies prefer are implementing outsourcing schemes. They usually start with IT outsourcing, which is one of the most relevant and successful business models that allows you to get competitive advantages. The paper attempts to summarize and analyze the IT outsourcing market from the perspective of analyzing models used in the digital process for enterprises in various sectors of the economy. The object of this study is MAYKOR, the largest IT outsourcer in the Russian market. The goal of the work is to analyze IT outsourcing models in the context of various professional fields.
Developing optimal ventilation system for a pasta production workshop using mathematical model
Authors: Starkova L G , Shcherbak M S , Indykov V S
Published: November 2020

The more real conditions differ from the rated ones, the greater error is observed when calculating the aerodynamics and air temperature for specific premises. The paper considers a technique for estimating the efficiency of ventilation systems at the stage of choosing design solutions using mathematical simulation exemplified by a pasta production workshop in Magnitogorsk. Two air change circuits with central and local air conditioners to remove heat have been estimated. Mathematical models were built with the boundary conditions preset, which allowed visually estimating the airflow temperature and velocity field distribution for the circuits studied. Based on the simulation results, conclusions have been drawn on the efficiency of the circuits proposed.
Purification of fat-containing effluents with probiotic substances
Authors: Strelkov A K , Bazarova A O , Teplykh S Yu
Published: November 2020

The paper focuses upon modern methods of wastewater purification in the oil-and-fat industry. The researchers draw attention to the fact that if wastewater of food production is not properly purified it starts to decompose and extricate highly toxic substances. They further describe intensification methods dividing them into two groups and discuss pros and cons of the reagent method of wastewater treatment. Significant advantages of probiotic agents in contrast to the reagent treatment method are revealed. Probiotic agents for wastewater treatment are then proposed for use. It is stressed that is a relatively new method and it has not yet been widely studied. The article describes probiotic products composition and their action. It also explains the impact of various groups of bacteria at the stages of mechanical wastewater treatment in anaerobiosis and aerobic biological treatment. The researchers examine variants of probiotics addition and consider advantages and disadvantages of this method. To compare the results, it is proposed to use probiotic agents at municipal sewage treatment plants and at the oil-and-fat production enterprises. These experiments of probiotics application show the potential of their use for intensifying wastewater treatment processes, reducing the level of unpleasant odours and improving sanitary safety of sewage facilities.
Taking into account nonlinear character of heaving pressure development at frost penetration into the soil in confined space
Authors: Kim V , Kim M
Published: November 2020

The article describes the results of a study of the nonlinear nature of the development of frost heaving pressure during freezing of soil in confined space. It was revealed that the development of freezing pressure in firm and firm-stiff clay soils is due to various processes that occur in them when lowering the temperatures. In water-saturated firm clay soils, heaving pressure occurs mainly when free water freezes in a closed pore volume, and in stiff clay soils, it is caused mainly by the pressure that occurs when film water freezes. Equations are proposed for determining heaving pressure in firm and firm-stiff clay soils.
Oscillations of offshore drilling platforms on layerd anisotropic base
Authors: Brzhanov R T , Nigmetov M Zh
Published: November 2020

The article presents the results of the studies, including the elements of a theoretical calculation, factors of internal strength and deformation field during volumetric vibrations of offshore drilling platforms on a layered basis. The influence of factors such as seismic dynamic impacts at the regional scale and dynamics of the geomorphology of the sea floor have been studied. Structures with spatial resilient links connected rigidly, hingedly or otherwise are subjected to dynamic force action. Depending on the size of the external forces and the forces of inertia, the flexible elements of the structure of the offshore drilling platform are in a complex three-dimensional stress-strain state. In dynamic calculation of the characteristics of the systems, the finite element method was used by replacing the platform with a system with a finite number of nodal points interconnected by inertia less rods. The masses are concentrated at the nodal points.
Experimental studies of a weak clay base reinforced with sand piles
Authors: Safin D R
Published: November 2020

The study was aimed at assessing the deformability of a weak water-saturated clay base reinforced with a group of sand piles in the form of a continuous pile field, when they are jointly deformed under load. Existing studies consider the interaction of free-standing soil piles with the surrounding soil, methods for their calculation, without taking into account the joint operation of a group of piles in a deformable soil massif. The main research results were obtained in the form of new experimental data on the operation of a group of sand piles during their joint deformation with weak water-saturated clay soil massif under a stamp. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry lies in the fact that the experimental data presented can be used in further theoretical studies to develop a calculation model that allows taking into account the peculiarities of the interaction of sand piles in a pile field with each other and with the surrounding soil massif and are of practical value.
Mathematical model of underground structure-soil interaction
Authors: Sultanov K S , Khusanov B E , Rikhsieva B B
Published: November 2020

Based on existing data of experimental studies of underground structure-soil interaction, a condition for boundary interaction between the underground pipeline and soil was developed. The proposed condition (a model) of interaction at the contact boundary takes into account the structural destruction of the contact soil layer and the cyclical nature of interaction process. The authors have shown by parametric analysis of the interaction model, that under cyclic interaction of the underground pipeline with soil, the structural disturbance of the soil contact layer does not reach the peak shear stress; the applicability of the problems of underground structure-soil interaction is also shown. The model of interaction on the contact structure-soil surface in particular cases passes into the existing conditions of interaction, including Coulomb friction.
Wedge-shaped surfaces with constant length generators in architectural design
Authors: Korotkiy V A , Usmanova E A
Published: November 2020

The characteristic feature of ruled surfaces is that they are easy to describe and manufacture; therefore, they are widely used in the design of various architectural forms and building structures. Ruled surfaces are formed when a rectilinear generator moves along the guide curves. The shape of the surface does not only substantially depend on the shape of the guides, but also the law of the generator movement. Three conditions should be specified to select a surface from the whole variety of three-dimensional space lines. The article considers the surfaces distinguished from a linear congruence with u, v axes, subjecting only to two geometric conditions, namely: the conditions of the intersection of the rectilinear surface generators with the congruence axes. The third condition is metric: the length of the segments of all the generators enclosed between u, v axes should be the same. The design parameters of a surface with constant length generators are selected based on the theorem proved in the article. We recommend using the proposed solution in the manufacture of temporary or mobile T-tent structures. We presented examples of portable structures (tent circus, indoor stage for public events).
Smart urban planning: modern technologies for ensuring sustainable territorial development
Authors: Spiridonov V Yu , Shabiev S G
Published: November 2020

The issues of improving the methodological foundations on urban planning based on the requirements of “smart” planning and managing sustainable development of territories are considered. The concepts of “smart urban planning”, “urban planning information platform”, “digital twin” of a territory and “cyber physical urban development system” are defined. A brief review of the world experience in adopting “smart” technologies for urban development is given. The paper sets the long-term problems associated with theoretical and practical development in the field. Finally, the authors propose the concept of “smart urban planning”, aimed at providing comfortable and safe living conditions. It provides fundamental principles of goal-setting, planning and adopting the sustainable territorial development using information and communication technologies; a theoretical model of the urban planning information platform based on automation methods, adaptation conditions, as well as describing the “digital twin” layers of an urban development object.
Systematic approach to design
Authors: Surina L
Published: November 2020

The article analyzes the basic algorithm of the professional activity of a designer as a complex, voluminous, complex process, consisting of a number of successive stages. Definitions, concepts related to the basics of project activities are given. The need for the formation of a universal design method as a complex technological process related to the collection of a large amount of information and factual material has been actualized. The author’s approved methods are analyzed, the design principles are systematized. The technology of a systematic approach to working design as an algorithm of phased actions is revealed. The competencies of the designer, which helps to increase his reputation and competitiveness in the services market, are indicated. The information collected will give impetus to design activities aimed at solving design problems.
Rotunda churches of the Urals as an integral part of the world architectural heritage
Authors: Tereshina O B
Published: November 2020

The article deals with rotunda churches of the Urals geographical region (Russia) identified during a comprehensive study of the rotunda church architecture in the history of world and Russian architecture. It gives information on the time, geography, historical context, and project owners for the construction of the Ural rotunda churches. It analyses space-planning and compositional solutions of the rotunda churches of the Urals by their types in the context of the author’s typology. The article considers monuments of the rotunda church architecture of Russia, which are analogous to the Ural rotunda churches. It reveals the features of the Ural rotunda churches linked with the regional traditions of church architecture and the identity of construction project owners. It solves the problem of attributing the Ural rotunda churches based on the analysis of the collected graphic and factual material. Possible authorship is determined by the stylistic analysis method. The master’s handwriting is revealed by comparison with several other already known buildings. In the absence of direct analogues, we determine a circle of architects whose projects could be used in the construction of the Ural rotunda churches.
Enhancing bus transit service efficiency under conditions of high street congestion
Authors: Bulavina L V , Bannikova L A , Mukhametgaliyeva A R
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to solving the problems of transport services for residents of the city of Yekaterinburg. The authors consider public transport as one of the important solutions to the transport problems of the city. This work analyses speed and time characteristics of bus transit services in high-traffic main streets in the city of Ekaterinburg. It also defines structure and duration of delays on route, share of general route duration, travel speed on route runs and general service speed. Foreign experience in bus transit services has been analysed. This work proposes measures to improve the service accessibility for remote residential districts with use of BRT system. It also includes measures to improve bus transit services in Ekaterinburg and assessment of their expected efficiency.
Colour Science as one of the designer’s tools
Authors: Vargot T
Published: November 2020

In the modern age of globalization and high-tech, when information can be obtained in unlimited quantities, there is an acute problem of selecting really important aspects of harmony. In Russian design, unfortunately, little attention is paid to the consideration of things as an image, its functions and attitudes towards culture. It is obvious that harmonious colour perception is developed in the process of studying the colour science, its bases and laws such as the laws of subjective color perception, optical mixing, mutual influence of colors and types of contracts, as well as the ability to assess the size and consistency of the ojectes color relations, the integrity of perception, the vividness and expressiveness of colour, which from the internal basis of the visual image.
Regional tradition in the architectural culture of Nizhneye Povolzhye (by the example of the Volgograd region)
Authors: Serebryanaya V , Kolyshev Yu
Published: November 2020

The article considers issues connected with the co-existence and intensive cultural interaction of indigenous population and migrants, nomadic and settled population, as well as spreading of the world’s religions in the Volgograd region. The territory of the examined region enjoys a great cultural heritage connected with a unique history and traditions and many creeds The most significant objects of historical and cultural heritage of the Volgograd region are highlighted in the article, with their characteristic features given. The problem of the architectural heritage preservation has been touched upon, too. It is regarded not only as an aggregate of objects which need to be preserved physically, but also as an essential factor of mutual understanding of peoples in the contemporary restless world. In many respects the deciding point for preserving architectural heritage is the level of knowledge about the culture of a certain region, which directly promotes solving a problem of inter-confidence between peoples. Today it is possible to solve the problem of strengthening interethnic peace and interfaith harmony through acquaintance with the culture and traditions of the non-settlement of the region. That is why the issues under consideration in the article seem vital under present conditions.
Implementation of the conditions for successful preparation of the designer for project activities
Authors: Surina L , Surin D
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the conditions for the successful preparation of the designer for project activities, as well as the implementation of these conditions using technology based on accumulated knowledge about the logical laws of compositional structure. It is established that the designer in the selection of techniques, methods and graphic tools relies on compositional training. The structure of the basic compositional concepts on the basis of professional terminology is considered, a methodically justified sequence of mastering professional competencies is built, which ensures the implementation of step-by-step preparation of the designer for design activities.
A draft decision on the issue of urban expansion of a densely populated city
Authors: Vasilyev A S , Zemlyak V L , Boychin R E
Published: November 2020

The problem of urbanization turns up from the urban compaction. This project is designed to solve this problem in the densely populated city of Tokyo, the population of which is more than 13 million people today. The project of a new neighborhood in the city takes into account social, economic, environmental and geographical characteristics of the Land of the Rising Sun. The project provides one to combine the idea of a universal city with high population density in a small territory. The territory involves a residential area, an industrial area and an agricultural area simultaneously that promotes well-balanced relations between man and nature. The purpose of the survey is to show that it is necessary and possible to use a new strategy of city planning and building, relevant for large, densely populated cities, to make cities more comfortable and economical. The quarter is located on a man-made island in Tokyo Bay. The quarter was built after burning solid household waste without causing damage to the environment by a waste burning plant located on this island to the north. In addition, the plant produces gravel material for creating an artificial island. Besides, it yields surplus electric energy that is fed into the power grid of Tokyo.
War memorial architecture: Rossoshki military memorial cemetery, Russia
Authors: Ptichnikova G A , Antyufeev A V
Published: November 2020

Memorial culture has undergone fundamental changes since the II World War. In place of bombastic victors’ monuments, sites arose in honor of heroically fallen soldiers. Recent memorials have in common an architecture that avoids emotional pathos of any sort by means of restraint and simple design. They possess a moral and ethical educational mission. The article is devoted to the study of the problem of the formation of new approaches to the architectural and planning organization of war memorials. The topic is revealed on the example of the military memorial cemetery “Rossoshki” near Volgograd City (former Stalingrad), consisting of two parts — the Soviet cemetery and German burial grounds. The authors examine the symbolic, architectural, planning and landscape aspects of the concepts of memorial. Particular attention is paid to the Chapel of Peace, which linked together the composition of the complex.
University environment today: problems and prospects of spatial organization. INRTU
Authors: Zheleznyak O Ye , Korelina M V
Published: November 2020

When it comes to advancing the higher education system, the Government’s priority is to create a state-of-the-art university environment with a one-of-a-kind innovation space. This paper analyzes the core factors behind this process: the specifics of the University’s life in the era of new technology; interpretation of the learning environment and its spatial organization as part of the University’s image; presenting the Campus as a progressive approach to embedding the University in the real world of today and its problems, as part of the University’s identity. The University herein means Irkutsk National Research Technical University, or INRTU. An important feature of this paper is that it addresses INRTU’s existence in the modern learning space as the learning environment is increasingly digitalized and the University needs to reorganize its environment to improve its quality, architectural and artistic value and significance. The author’s R&D efforts breathe new life into INRTU’s facilities to make them good for studies and research and suitable for commercial and cultural initiatives taken in the university environment; these efforts include creating a special entrance design for better image, designing innovative technology parks and communication spaces (coworking and creativity areas).
Semantic modelling as a means of forming an architectural object’s artistic image
Authors: Moor V , Erysheva E , Gavrilov A
Published: November 2020

The problem of the artistic image in architecture is of great importance, which is confirmed by scientific research in this area. However, the methods of an architectural objects artistic image’s purposeful formation remain poorly understood. The method of designed object’s figurative structure semantic modeling is an effective way to search for an artistic image in the architectural design process. The technique is based on an artistic understanding of the designed object’s internal and external semantics. Concepts and archetypes of the projected object’s art-shaped structure are generated in the semantics comprehension process. Semantic modeling can be materialized in various forms, for example, in the form of a kind of matrix. The designer realizes a substantively detailed comprehension of the future object’s artistic-figurative structure by means of filling matrix cells with graphical or volumetric models. Based on the developed methodology, a series of experimental works and projects aimed at preserving and developing the Vladivostok’s architectural and artistic originality were carried out at the Department of Architecture and Urban Planning of the Far Eastern Federal University. Experimental testing has shown certain instrumental capabilities and effectiveness of this technique in working on an artistic image, both at urban planning and at volumetric levels.
Architectural image of modern police buildings in the context of safe urban environment
Authors: Permyakov M B , Krasnova T V
Published: November 2020

The authors review the existing concepts of organizing the environment which prevents criminogenic phenomena occurrence. As a result, the authors draw a conclusion that a system approach towards the organization of public spaces is quite prospective while the combination of physical and social space in the context of safe territory is one of the main tasks for making up an architectural & construction object. The article considers the examples of foreign expertise in design and construction of the penitentiary system buildings. The analysis of the available information leads the authors to the conclusion that modern police buildings are characterized by the use of up-to-date technologies and materials, creative and visually attractive solutions, laconic and distinct structures, application of a proper landscape organization of external environment. Most of the considered examples reflect the idea of openness and transparency, the inclusion in the social environment and reliability and safety at the same time. The practical part presents a variant for the building of the police office (department) made with the consideration of the results of the approaches towards the formation of the architectural image of modern police buildings in the context of safe urban environment.
Analysis of options for using objects of a municipality property complex in urban area development management
Authors: Savina O V , Sadovnikova N P , Parygin D S
Published: November 2020

Development planning of urban areas is based on existing legislation in the field of land use, architecture and urban planning. However, the planning process does not have a single algorithm of action. An important stage in the analysis of the effectiveness of the implementation of alternative possible options for using the object of property complex within the territory under consideration is missing in the planning process. The issue of assessing the options for using the object of property complex at the stage of analysis of further use is analyzed in this study. The process of current management of urban areas by local authorities formalized. An example of the implementation of a fuzzy conclusion to assess the effectiveness of the use of free land is considered. The introduction of this stage in planning the development of urbanized territories will help to avoid making incorrect decisions by local authorities and reduce the risk of irrational use for object of property complex. This procedure will help create optimal conditions for a comfortable stay of the local population.
The formation of open spaces in residential construction in view of decreasing the laibour intensity of their maintenance
Authors: Belyaeva T V
Published: November 2020

The article analyses various schemes of development and maintenance of urban environment. It reveals the characteristics which improve the condition of open architectural spaces, systematizes the leading directions in this field and presents optimization schemes of load and modular stages. They serve the base for the improved optimization schemes of structure and functional zoning of open spaces. Growing load on territories necessitates the reviewing of such concepts and working out modern optimization schemes of developing urban environment. On the basis of analytical studies in this field we defined three directions and enumerated the requirements for structural and planning organization of space in a conceptual aspect. The highlighted issue is highly relevant and the suggested directions of developing city-construction on the whole are assuming priority importance.
Territory development in the Neva delta (1703-1844) - St. Petersburg model of urbanization
Authors: Molotkova E G
Published: November 2020

The urbanization process of 1703-1844 in the Neva delta is considered as a consistent implementation of five urban planning installations. Key indicators showed the evolution of development are highlighted, and the connection between architectural and urban planning solutions and the changing level of resource provision and the state of the construction complex is emphasized. The evolution of the development of the Neva delta over the past century and a half is analyzed. The role of the initial stage, when the principle of regular development and the hippodamus model of urban fabric formation were introduced, is highlighted. Key determinants are identified.
To the problem of renovation of the industrial areas in Khabarovsk. Multifunctional waste processing complex on the site of the former Amurkabel plant
Authors: Sadredinov S A , Bazilevich M E
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of renovation of abandoned industrial facilities in Khabarovsk city. On the example of the territory of the former Amurkabel factory located in the southern part of the city, the possibility of reequipping the old factory buildings and the adjacent territory with a new, more technological and relevant industrial production for the city is considered. Based on the former plant, the creation of a modern multifunctional waste recycling complex using advanced environmentally friendly technologies is proposed. The possibility of integration and interaction of the industrial production environment with social and recreational spaces is considered. The results of the pre-project analysis of the designed territory are presented. A set of measures for engineering protection was developed in connection with the location of the facility near the water area.
The main stages of landscape-environmental reconstruction of the “Green Ring” of Russian cities
Authors: Stetsenko S E , Yastrebova N A , Emelyanova O E
Published: November 2020

Conscious use of multifunctional green spaces is the most important direction in the greening of the city. As a constructive full-fledged urban development element, urban and suburban protective green spaces can be considered, which participate in the organization of the city territory, in the formation of the urban landscape, and also have an environmental protection function, determining the ecological well-being of the urban environment [1]. Protective plantations are strips consisting of several rows of plants. In addition to direct protective functions, namely: protecting the soil and microclimate, camouflage and barriers (fences), plantings contribute to the dismemberment and strengthening of the landscape structure, its biological enrichment They not only provide the natural existence of living organisms of various species (microorganisms, insects, small mammals, birds, etc.), but also contribute to the biological regeneration of adjacent land areas.
Art metal in the space of a modern city
Authors: Shabalina N M , Tasheva S B
Published: November 2020

The relevance of the topic follows the current revival and evolution of design and architectural application of some key decorative elements of the urban environment: the structural and the artistic metal fences, peaks and awnings, and also the popular forms of the traditional outdoor equipment (again widespread in the world of design practice). Old or renovated metal elements coexist with completely new designs and products in the cityscape, so the use of both traditional and new methods of metal processing is also fully enabled. The persistence of these developing design practices in the organization of the urban space is clear, but today the problem is not sufficiently investigated. Here, researchers provide content and context analysis of some artistic and the architectural features of the organization of contemporary cities. A comprehensive examination of some design approaches and solutions is carried out in the paper, based on cases from selected cities of Eurasia. Hence, the authors conclude the development of particular utilities and decorative metal structures stays constant in time, and designers today use the flavour of visual, monumental and decorative citations of previously developed urban environment, or recreate the senses of game in the works.
Right to the city: youth’s view to live in the city
Authors: Antonova N L , Musaev T I , Antonova P O
Published: November 2020

The article represents possibilities and problems of realization of the right to the city of youth in Yekaterinburg. According to the H. Lefebvre’ concept, the article states that the next generation is aimed at appropriation of surrounding environment through changing it. By using questionnaires, there were 750 students and working youth interrogated, as well as there were 25 standard interviews with young citizens. The research results showed that young people mostly prefer cultural or recreational usage of urban spaces during the stability period. Youth as an active and dynamic social community acts as a carrier of protest sentiments. These moods become actual in cases of realizations of any administrative decisions directed to privatization of public spaces or affecting the interests of young generation. Materials suggest that the period of transition from consumption to appropriation and changing of urban spaces is observed. The Do-It-Yourself movement is becoming the instrument of Transition.
Space structure of the Garden of Pleasance in the context of traditional private gardens of Suzhou
Authors: Tceluiko D S
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the study of space structure of the Garden of Pleasance. The history of the appearance of the complex is described. The article explores the history of the formation of the planning structure, which consists of two parts: East - the former Wu Guan estate, West - a new site, built at the end of the XIX century. The principles of garden design and its main elements are considered, citation and cultural borrowing of elements from the famous gardens of the city of Suzhou are shown. The estate consists of several spaces, and has a traditional layout for private gardens of Jiangnan. The main volume with a large pond located in the eastern zone is bordered by several smaller sections. The estate also became the center of development of the traditional musical art of playing Qin (guqin), which contributed to the development of music throughout the Jiangnan region. The syntactic analysis of gardens helps to understand space structure, to identify the basic spatial elements and the relationships between them. Many elements of the garden have from one to three topological connections with the surrounding architectural elements. The set of basic space structures of the garden is not diverse in comparison with other private gardens in Suzhou. There are: Hall, Pavilion, Gallery, Entry group, Room and Veranda. The combination of methods and techniques of the two Ming and Qing dynasties created an unusual space structure of the garden, consisting mainly of secluded places.
Factors determining modern museum complexes architecture
Authors: Finaeva O
Published: November 2020

This paper presents a brief analysis of the environmental and functional technology factors determining the architectural and planning concepts of contemporary museum complexes. The introduction provides a brief overview of current trends in the museum architecture design. The main body analyzes the factors affecting the contemporary museum architecture. The role of the sociocultural, economic, and aesthetic functions of contemporary museums in the design of the museum environment is considered. The paper also discusses the role of initial conditions in design. As a result of the analysis, the types of space-planning solutions for buildings are specified, and the requirements for their technical equipment are described. Based on the research, a classification of factors affecting the contemporary museum architecture is proposed. The developed classification is accompanied by examples of specific architectural solutions for museums. The results present two categories of key factors that influence the architectural and planning decisions of contemporary museums: environmental and functional technology factors. In conclusion, we note the need for new approaches to the design of the museum environment, due to the changing role of museums in modern society.
Winter city and the potential/space of Siberian identity
Authors: Zheleznyak O Ye
Published: November 2020

The article dwells upon making winter cities livable not by means of “survival” programs but by unlocking the positive living experience, identifying the unique winter potential of a location, and its suitability for living a fulfilling life. The relevance of this research stems from the industrial development of winter/northern cities being prioritized over the establishment of living culture, which has degraded the urban and cultural environment. Viewing a winter city as a self-sustaining territory, capitalizing on the unique features of the region in winter helps unleash the productive potential of “winter life.” The article dwells upon the relevant features of winter cities, tourism industry, and festive culture as the enablers of city development and prosperity. An important aspect of the paper lies in addressing the uniqueness of a location and the winter potential of the Siberian identity. The author’s research and project designs seek to give Irkutsk a positive winter city image; they cover winter festivals and the Baikal identity. This research shows the value of having a unique location and creating a positive winter city image, etc. in the context of making Irkutsk a comfortable and investment-attractive winter city. In general, the ideology of developing a winter city as a place that will attract investment and generate technological initiative in a blend with traditional values is what makes the winter environment livable not just as a survival system, but as a self-sustainable and unique city that has its positive vibes.
To the problem of organization and design of psychoneurological complexes for children in the context of modern architecture
Authors: Maltseva I N , Kaganovich N N , Tkachuk K A
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the functional organization of complexes of children’s specialized clinics. It is noted that mental health is one of the main parameters of the population, which largely determines the present and future development of the world community. The main reasons for the growth in the number of mental disorders in the modern world, including those relevant to Russia, are listed. Statistical data, main social-economic and ecological factors, modern requirements and tendencies of development of a network of medical institutions, expediency of their use in approaches for designing of children’s neurological clinics are outlined. The role and contribution of modern architecturally-building practice in process of development of this social sphere and special problems facing designers are emphasized. The authors have considered typological analogues from modern foreign architectural practice. In the analysis, along with the solution of the main technological problems, a unified approach in the organization of both internal and external spatial environments that promotes social, environmental, psychological rehabilitation and healing of patients is proposed. A conceptual model of a children’s psychoneurological clinic, which offers not only the creation of a functionally reasonable, constructive and technologically literate structure, but also the active inclusion of social and recreational spaces and natural components in interaction with the surrounding landscape, is presented. The goal of the project was to create a model of “internal city” in which patients, staff and parents would feel comfortable not only physically but also psychologically.
The natural aspect in the visual comfort of the architectural space of an individual house
Authors: Ilvitskaya S V , Lobkov V A , Lobkova T V
Published: November 2020

When designing an individual apartment building, there are great requirements for the organization of comfortable living conditions. Among the necessary components of the full functioning of the dwelling should be the visual favorability of the architectural space, which is, among other things, in relation to the natural environment in all its diversity. Man is surrounded by nature, which is harmonious and unique in all respects. For this reason, there has always been and is a need to see some of this nature in the architecture of the house and other buildings. In architectural design, natural components are actively involved in enhancing aesthetic harmony. The article is devoted to the study of the role of the natural aspect in ensuring the visual comfort of the architectural environment. The work also considers the importance of the natural component for the visual perception of the architecture of the building, the interior space and the personal territory of the residential building.
The study of urban factors in the human comfort system
Authors: Cherunova I V , Kuleshova A A , Kokuashvili N B
Published: November 2020

The modern format of people’s livelihoods is characterized by pronounced trends toward concentration in large settlements. These processes relate to the processes and technologies of urbanism. One of the key human problems in urbanism is the problem of comfort. The authors developed the structure of the formation of signs of human comfort by environmental factors, structure of human interaction with the physical components of the environment under urbanism. Studies show that the thermal load on a person increases in areas of urban space, where the surfaces of structures have a high density. The authors developed the system for generating thermal comfort for design of architectural objects in high temperature. Heat loss by convection requires external air movement. The article presents new scheme the surface microstructure of small local objects (for the facade decoration, objects of restrictive structures, window decorations and additional design objects of the urban environment). Additional layers of materials include heat-storing components. The development of a variety of design solutions based on the proposed concept will allow us to solve the problems of not only comfort in urbanism, but also to form new directions in the range of functional building materials and architectural objects.
Building of alleviated territories of Vasilievsky Island
Authors: Molotkova E G
Published: November 2020

Reconstruction of coastal area has become an important topic in modern urban development. In St. Petersburg, an active project is underway to reclaim the territory off the western coast of Vasilievsky Island, during which neglected circumstances are revealed, and many criticisms of design concepts appear. It seems that major omissions are caused by the lack of due attention to the experience of urban development in St. Petersburg. The article analyzes the development of coastal area in the east of Vasilievsky Island, identifies the key points that determined the formation of the Spit ensemble during the 1800s and radical reconstruction during the 1900s.
The role of ecological and environmental approach in shaping the architectural environment for preschool education
Authors: Lamekhova N V
Published: November 2020

The article considers the role of ecological and environmental approach in designing the architectural environment for preschool education based on the values of human interaction with the environment. Studying the specifics of designing the architectural environment for preschool education within the framework of the ecological and environmental approach identifies methods of the external space formation focused on children’s playing and providing educational features. The article addresses the specifics of playgrounds formation as the fundamental structural elements of the preschool institution territory for children of each age group taking into account the preschool environmental education. It identifies a range of special features of the building internal space design within the framework of environmental approach. Possible directions are identified for further development of the structural elements of the architectural environment for preschool education taking into account the improvement of efficiency of the environmental education.
Setting-up of ecological settlements to promote sustainable development of urban areas
Authors: Rastyapina O A , Ganzha O A , Prokopenko V V
Published: November 2020

Urbanization has a dual effect on the opportunities of sustainable development. On the one part, urbanization gives rise to favourable living conditions for the population, on the other part, man-induced impact on the environment and humans themselves grows because of the increased urban infrastructure and population density. Taking into account the diversity of land resources and regions in a country, it is necessary to work for the highest possible population distribution throughout the country. The adverse urbanization effect might be reduced and, consequently, sustainable development will be supported. Besides, land resources might be developed more effectively, the fact having a positive effect on the sustainability as well. The highest potential is seen in developing ecological settlement types based on rural settlements. The article demonstrates the statistical analysis of ecological settlements designed as a sustainable territorial unit. Such type of settlement contributes to the region’s economic base development while the environment factors are taken into account. Thus, in general, it facilitates the sustainable development of urban areas by means of making the population less concentrated and the man-induced impact reduced.
Plant-woven ornament as an ethno-cultural marker of the Orthodox community
Authors: Chernyh D G
Published: November 2020

The subject of scientific analysis in this research is the phenomenon of Russian woven ornament of the XI — XII centuries and its application in project design teaching. The objects of research are the monuments of decorative and applied art, book graphics, design, architectural decor and their using as sources for inspiration in the design. The characteristic features of the Russian wicker ornament were identified in the course of the design work and the basic element for further shaping was chosen as a prototype. On its basis the development of author’s woven ornaments was carried out using the stylization method. The method of constructing an ornament is combinatory: placing the base element according to the rules of symmetry. The main role for creating ornamental compositions was assigned to the module - the thickness of the weaving line, the order of overlapping weaving lines and the placement of the same type of decorative elements when creating borders, corner joints, rosettes, mesh ornaments, on the periphery of the compositional construction. The result of the design was the creation of an identity and an integral ornamental system using Russian ethno-cultural motives for the Odigitrievsky women’s monastery in Chelyabinsk.
Ozone layer destruction and ways of its recovery
Authors: Akhobadze G N
Published: November 2020

The authors analyze the process of stratospheric ozone layer destruction. The ozone layer is a protective biosphere shield. The authors identify and study the main causes of ozone sphere destruction having both natural and anthropogenic nature. The article explains a mechanism of the ozone layer depletion — this is caused by stratospheric aviation and natural sources, for example, nitric oxides, formed in the lightning channel. The authors stress an aggravating influence of nitrogen fertilizers getting into the atmosphere. They are considered to be one of the most destructive artificial pollution sources. It is pointed to the manifestation of the consequences of destructive factors in the biosphere life in the form of yield decrease in some world regions and the growth in the number of skin cancer incidence. The authors propose two compatible approaches for recovering the destroyed ozone layer. The first approach includes the use of laser emissions for the irradiation of ozone-containing atmospheric layers and ozone freezing in refrigerating machines on the Earth. The second way stipulates for the location of reflecting mirrors at the Earth orbit allowing to direct a part of solar energy to the atmosphere and generate electric discharges in the stratosphere by means of the radio waves of extra-high frequency.