bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les variations des sens : le texte, le hors texte et le corpus
Authors: Williams Geoffrey
Published: January 2021

Ce texte pose la question de la nature des humanités numériques, ainsi que des disciplines et des outils qu’elles impliquent. Si la désignation « Humanités numériques » est récente, certains des constituants, notamment la linguistique de corpus et la TEI, Text Encoding Initiative, ont des racines dans les années quatre-vingt, alors que d’autres outils comme les CAQDAS, Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software, sont plus récents. Après un brève historique de ces trois derniers, le texte examinera le rôle de ces disciplines et outils à travers deux exemples : la numérisation des pièces de théâtre de Louis de Boissy et du Dictionnaire universel d’Antoine Furetière dans sa version élargie de 1701.
Patrimoine, _Public History_ et Humanités numériques.
Authors: Clavert Frédéric
Published: January 2021

Entendant ici la « patrimonialisation » numérique comme un processus allant de la numérisation à l’usage large d’un ensemble photographique, cet article explique comment, de 2013 à 2015, le LabEx EHNE a projeté de transformer une série de boîtes de photographies sur plaques de verre en un corpus iconographique numérisé jouant un rôle dans un projet de recherche d’une part, mis à disposition à un public large d’autre part. Dans ce processus, le rôle des méthodologies et outils issus des Humanités numériques est fondamental. Ils ont assuré une base solide et pérenne à la « mise en données » du fonds (sa numérisation et, notamment, l’amélioration des métadonnées), processus indispensable. Ils jouent un rôle de soutien dans le cas des exploitations pédagogiques du fonds. Ils permettent la « [mise en réseau » de ce fonds, par le biais de sa mise en ligne et de son usage dans l’Encyclopédie pour une Histoire nouvelle de l’Europe. La mise en données du fonds grâce aux méthodologies des Humanités numériques est ainsi ce qui permet d’en faire un patrimoine numérique.
Patrimonialiser « le numérique » ?
Authors: Bellin Stéphane
Published: January 2021

L’auteur de cet article propose d’étudier la patrimonialisation confrontée au « numérique » à travers l’exemple du Répertoire des arts hypermédiatiques. Celui-ci est constitué par les chercheurs du laboratoire québécois NT2 en vue de remédier à la disparition rapide de leur corpus artistique, provoquée par l’obsolescence des technologies numériques. Cette patrimonialisation se manifeste par l’élaboration de substituts documentaires numériques destinés à remplacer l’œuvre. Il en résulte l’émergence d’un patrimoine conçu comme un espace documentaire en perpétuelle modification. Ce régime patrimonial vient répondre à un des principes fondamentaux du médium numérique : sa variabilité. La condition informationnelle et communicationnelle du patrimoine est alors privilégiée plutôt que sa condition esthétique et symbolique.
PROCEDURES IN THE SCIENCE OF LABOUR LAW
Authors:   6 judicial district of Dzerzhinsk judicial district of Novosibirsk (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation), Nasalevich Tatiana S.
Published: January 2021

The science of labour law distinguishes, among others, between procedural rules of law. According to labour scientists, procedural rules streamline, ensure and guarantee the process of implementing the substantive norms of labour law and determine the procedure for the activities of subjects to enforce the rights and obligations enshrined in the regulatory substan-tive norms. The subject of legal regulation is the activity of creating substantive norms of labour law and ensuring their implementation, as well as the activity of non-jurisdictional bodies involved in resolving individual and collective labour disputes. The definitions of procedural norms proposed by several authors ultimately boil down to the process of implementing the legal norm. It is therefore difficult to agree that procedural norms are a separate kind of legal norm. The separation of procedural norms is unlikely to be justified simply because any norm of labour law cannot be understood, let alone implemented, in isolation from the procedure for its application. Since the separation of procedural norms is questionable, the theory of the autonomy of labour procedural law cannot be justified. The features of the procedural rules of labour law reflected in scientific research are the features of the procedures of labour law. Procedures of labour law are part of the logical norm and are contained in its disposition. Procedures of labour law are the legal means of imple-menting substantive or procedural norms of labour law and their main objective is to maintain the law and order in the company (or individual employer). As an integral part of the rule of law and part of the mechanism of legal regulation, the procedure ensures its effectiveness. The more detailed the procedure in the rule of law is, the fewer disputes arise between the parties to the employment relationship, which has a positive impact on the results of law enforcement. Legal provisions "need" procedures for the imple-mentation of legal provisions, because it is the procedures that "animate" the provision and allow it to achieve the desired result.
FORMS OF EXTREMISM IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Geymbukh Nadezhda G.
Published: January 2021

Representatives of German state (constitutional) law define political extremism as "a set of political beliefs and aspirations... which are aimed at denying the democratic constitutional state and its fundamental values". Based on the definition, the criterion for recognising any "political belief or aspiration" as extremist is the notion of a democratic constitutional state. In line with this, the Federal Constitutional Court of the Federal Republic of Germany has given an expansive interpretation of a "free democratic state" that "constitutes a legal state order whose basis is the self-determination of the people according to the will of the majority, freedom and equality. It excludes all forms of despotism or arbitrariness. Among the basic principles of this order are at least: the protection of human rights as laid down in the Basic Law of Germany, the sovereignty of the people, the separation of powers, the responsibility of the government, the legitimacy of government, the independence of the judiciary and the principle of multi-partyism. According to article 21, paragraph 2 of the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany (1949), political parties that "endeavour to harm or destroy the foundation of the free demo-cratic order or to endanger the existence of the Federal Republic of Germany" are declared unconstitutional by the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany. The possibility to ban political parties as provided for in the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany guarantees the development of a democratic political system of the state. It is worth emphasising that the stability and democratism of the German political system and the stability of the constitutional order in the state depend not only on the prohibition provision in the Basic Law of the FRG, but above all on the ability of political parties to reach agreement on the basic principles of a "free democratic state system" and to implement these principles in the minds of the people. To realise these goals, Germany has the Federal Office for the Protection of the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany of 1949, a public authority whose task is to control and supervise the legality of the activities of political parties. The forms of extremism in the Federal Republic of Germany are "left-wing extremism" and "right-wing extremism". In right-wing extremism, the older generation is gradually being freed from the aggressive youth, in an increased willingness to use force. Left-wing extremism has become less focused on global global themes - it has become more local and regional, more relatable and at the same time integrated. Because of the new nature of the development of extremism in a united Germany a left-right antagonism has emerged. At the same time, different tendencies of West and East Germany can be observed: in West Germany the struggle "left vs. right" prevails, in East Germany the struggle "right vs. left" prevails.
CONCEPTUAL AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PROCEDURAL OBLIGATION
Authors:   Saratov State Law Academy (Sаrаtov, Russian Federation), Nikolaychenko Olga V.
Published: January 2021

For the legal characteristic of procedural duties in their content aspect, the concepts of "procedural duty" and "performance of procedural duty" are correlated. Dialectical, herme-neutic and deterministic methods of cognition were of particular methodological importance for the formation of a scientific concept of the content of procedural duty. They made it pos-sible to identify the existing scientific concepts of the definition of procedural obligation. General scientific systemic method of cognition in conjunction with analysis and synthesis predetermined the consideration of procedural obligation as an ideal-model behavior of a person, as well as actually implemented. In this way the "establishment - execution" of obli-gation as legal categories gets different normative content and interpretative coloring. The characteristic of procedural obligation, based on system-structural and system-functional approaches, is proposed. The first one is predetermined by the place of duties in the norms of law, where they are personified in the norms-prescriptions, norms-prohibitions. The classifi-cation of legal prescriptions into general normative and specific (sectoral) ones has been car-ried out. The second approach predetermined the study of the execution of procedural obliga-tion in "movement", through the study of stage-by-stage and private (single) implementation of normative potential. Ideally, the objective of any scientific concept, especially in jurisprudence, is to program the behaviour in which the sectoral objective is achieved. In law enforcement practice, how-ever, there is a different legal result that falls far short of the normative setting and the realisa-tion of the dispositive powers of those concerned. This manifests itself when the court in-stances erroneously failed to take into account the specific factual circumstances of the case in question as a basis for applying a particular part of the legal act's article. Consequently, the court has formally fulfilled the procedural obligations imposed on it by the law, but in fact their fulfilment did not lead to the intended goal, which constitutes the broader justification for the substantive part of the procedural obligation. It is also possible to look at the duty in a narrower way. This is the case when the court has not fulfilled the procedural obligation imposed on it as a formally defined obligation and has not performed the procedural act or has not performed it in full and in an inappropriate manner.
Problems of Lexicographic Description of Dialect and Common Parlance Vocabulary (On the Example of the Word Chyo)
Authors:   Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation), Bobrova Maria V. , Kolos’ko Elena V. ,   Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Published: January 2021

The problems of describing dialect and common parlance lexemes in a dialect dictionary are raised in the article. These problems are illustrated by the example of the word chyo. The aim of the study was to reflect the issues caused by the use of such words (and the word chyo too) in dialect speech in content, formal and functionalcommunicative aspects, in connection with general issues of lexicographic theory. The material for the study was the card file for the Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects, data from regional dictionaries. The identified problems form two main groups: 1) related to general methodological guidelines (justification for including the dialect and common parlance words in a dialect dictionary) and 2) related to the principles of describing such lexemes in a dictionary entry. Within the first group, particular questions are highlighted: 1) about the correctness of including dialect and common parlance words in a differential dialect dictionary due to their functional and stylistic attribution, 2) about the differentiation of speech variants of dialect and common parlance words. Within the second group, particular questions are highlighted: 1) on the spelling of dialect and common parlance words: a) on the spelling of header words, b) on the spelling of dialect and common parlance words in illustrative material, 2) on the lexico-grammatical attribution of dialect and common parlance words, 3) on the definition of semantics of dialect and common parlance words: a) on the definition of semantics of dialect and common parlance words in a specific context, b) on the definition of semantics of polysemantic dialect and common parlance words, 4) on the determination of the status and description of the combinations of dialect and common parlance words with other words, 5) on the reflection of the functional and communicative status of dialect and common parlance words in a dictionary. It is concluded that the raised problems determine approaches to the lexicographic description of dialect and common parlance vocabulary in dialect dictionaries. Dialect lexicographers should work taking into account active processes in live spoken speech and language, and rely on the modern theory of discourse. The problems lexicographers face require special training in virtually all areas of modern linguistic and lexicographic theory. Lexicographers have a high responsibility in making a decision that can lead to the overcoming of problems that have arisen when writing a dictionary entry, as well as to the emergence of new ones.
From “Abarmo” to “Yashchichishko”: Creating the Lexicographic Component of the Tomsk Dialect Corpus
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Zemicheva Svetlana S.
Published: January 2021

One of the most important trends in modern dialectological science is creating new electronic resources. The article gives an overview of Russian resources of this kind. Among them dialectal corpora hold a special place. The author of the article focuses on the Tomsk Dialect Corpus, which today includes more than 1,700,000 tokens. This resource is unparalleled in Russian scientific practice. It is designed as a universal information retrieval system which includes three modules: 1) textual, 2) grammatical, 3) lexicographic. The aim of the lexicographic component is to provide definitions of dialect lexemes. To do this, it is proposed to use the Dictionary of Russian Old-Timers’ Dialects of the Middle Part of the River Ob Basin (1964–1967) edited by V.V. Palagina and two supplements to it (1975, 1983–1986). The phases of the implementation of the lexicographic module into the Tomsk Dialect Corpus are described. The first phase was the automatic recognition of the above-mentioned paper dictionary. The second stage is editing the dictionary. The principles of editing the source material are determined by the fact that the lexicographic component is considered as part of a universal electronic system. Two basic editing principles are: the possibility to process a word automatically and the autonomous functioning of each dictionary entry. In accordance with them, the vocabulary and the structure of the dictionary entry were formed. At the stage of forming the vocabulary, some dictionary entries (for example, two-word ones) were discarded. The structure of the dictionary entry contains the main areas: headword, definition and contexts. One of the main editing tasks is to combine dictionary entries from different volumes of the dictionary into one. These words are marked either as homonyms, or as the meanings of one word. Examples of dictionary entries before and after editing are presented in the article. By now, about a half of the original vocabulary has been processed (letters from A to M, 12,450 entries). The final version of the electronic dictionary as part of the Tomsk Dialect Corpus is planned to be presented on the website of the Laboratory of General and Siberian Lexicography (http://losl.tsu.ru/) by June 2021. The prospects of the project include, firstly, the expansion of the vocabulary, and secondly, the implementation of search by dictionary labels (diminutives, augmentative, etc.) into the corpus. The presented solutions can be used in the development of other dialect corpora.
The Terminological Data Bank “Classification Parameters of Phraseological Units” as an Electronic Terminographic Product: Design Experience
Authors:   Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University (Vinnytsia, Ukraine), Krasnobaieva-Chernaya Zhanna V.
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study is to design an electronic terminographic product in the form of a terminological data bank (TDB) “Classification Parameters of Phraseological Units” with consistent implementation of infological and datological stages. The object in the study is the TDB, the focus is terms for designation of types of phraseological units (PU), which actively function in Ukrainian and Russian linguistics in the 2nd half of the 20th century to 2020. The methodology of the study is based on theoretical foundations of phraseology, terminology, applied linguistics, and computer terminography (linguistic database/data bank technology). The general and specific scientific methods are used: analysis and synthesis, ascent from the abstract to the concrete, classification, definitional analysis, identification, linguistic observation and description, selection, elements of a statistical method. The infological stage is related to the solution of a set of information problems: 1) definition of the principle of regularization of terms of phraseology, 2) selection of terms with the archeseme “phraseoclassification type” from scientific literature in order to form an alphabetical register, 3) establishment of the composition of the dedicated terminology subsystems, 4) description of terminology subsystems, 5) creation of an electronic catalog of terms for further computer processing of collected information. The main principle of systematization is the thesaurus: “terminological system – terminological microsystem – terminological subsystem – term”. The next step is to develop a datalogical scheme, which is a system of tables whose fields display information about the described terms in the form of data, for example: number, term, terminology subsystem, scientific source, definition, illustration, paradigm relations of the term. The TDB modeled in the work is a special terminology dictionary (monolingual (Ukrainian) in terms of the number of languages involved), which has 113 terms to denote types of PUs and covers 17 classifications of PUs. The TDB “Classification Parameters of Phraseological Units” is positioned as an electronic terminographic product created for storage of information, optimization and intensification of system research on fundamental issues of phraseology and phraseography, works devoted to problems of comprehensive analysis and parameterization of PUs. The prospect of the study is to create a Russian-language version of this terminographic product.
Crosslinking Immunoprecipitation Beads v1
Authors: Drown Bryon , DeHart Caroline , KRG KRG Research Group Kelleher
Published: January 2021

Immunoprecipitation with non-covalent capture of antibodies is a rapid and effective method for enriching samples with desired antigens. Interference by the antibody in down-stream analysis of intact proteins by mass spectrometry can be eliminated by covalent linkage of antibodies to magnetic beads. While several amine-reactive bifunctional linkers have been used for this application, dimethyl pimelimidate (DMP) are particularly advantageous due to its water-solubility, stability of resulting amidines at low pH, and retention of positive charge at reaction sites. By cross-linking to Protein A/G magnetic beads, a greater portion of antibodies are correctly oriented and able to engage their antigen. Cross-linking antibodies to Protein A/G beads with DMP is a quick and effective method that mitigates interference from heavy and light chain IgG in down-stream mass spectrometry applications.
Finansal Haberlerin Bitcoin Fiyatlarına Etkisinin Yapay Sinir Ağları İle Analizi
Authors: ÇAĞLAR Berat , YAVUZ Uğur
Published: January 2021

Bilgisayar ve internet teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler, hayatımızın her alanında etkisini gösterdiği gibi ekonomi boyutunda da etkileri yadsınamaz. Ekonomi alanındaki yeni ekonomik reform mahiyetinde kabul gören bu yenilikler FinTek (Finans ve Teknoloji) kapsamı içerisinde yer almaktadır. FinTech inovasyonu ile ekonomide ademi merkeziyetçi bir akım başlatan Bitcoin, şu an dünya ekonomisinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bitcoin ile hayatımıza giren Blockchain (Blokzincir) teknolojisinin ise yakın gelecekte hayatımızın vazgeçilmez bir parçası haline geleceği öngörülmektedir. Tüm bu gelişmeler ışığında günümüzün popüler teknolojilerinden olan yapay zeka yöntemlerinden yararlanılarak, kitle haberleşme aracı olarak tanımlanan gazetelerde yer alan, insan ve toplumu ilgilendiren ve toplumun en önemli ihtiyaçlarından olan haberlerin, geleceğin para birimi olarak görülen Bitcoin üzerindeki etkileri ortaya konmak istenmiştir. Bu bağlamda 5 ulusal finans gazetesi belirlenip, Bitcoin’in ilk halka arz yılından itibaren yayınlanan haberleri olumlu ve olumsuz yorum içeriklerine göre sayısallaştırarak, Bitcoin altyapı teknolojisi olan blokzinciri verileri ile ikinci en popüler kripto para olan Ethereum’un ABD dolar karşılığı alınarak, yapay sinir ağları teknikleri ile oluşturulan ağ içerisinde ilişkilendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda %99’luk tahminsel başarı içeren yapay sinir ağında, finansal gazetelerin yayınlamış olduğu Bitcoin içerikli haberlerin, Bitcoin fiyat tahminine güçlü bir etkisinin olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Bunulan birlikte seçilen finansal gazetelerden The Wall Street gazetesinin diğer finansal gazetelere oranla Bitcoin fiyat tahminde nispeten etkisinin olduğu saptanmıştır.
Kuantum Kriptolojisi ve Siber Güvenlik
Authors: ÇELİK Sadullah
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı gelişen kuantum teknolojilerinin siber güvenlik sisteminde kullanılan şifreleme sistemlerini nasıl etkileyeceğini kuantum algoritmalarıyla açıklamaktır. Bu amaçla, çalışmada öncelikle, modern kriptografi de yaygın olarak kullanılan bazı algoritmalar verilmektedir. Daha sonra, kuantum bilgisayarlarda kullanılan Shor ve Grover algoritmalarının modern kriptografide kullanılan algoritmaları nasıl etkileyeceği hakkında bilgiler verilmektedir. Bilişim ve iletişim teknolojilerinde yaşanan son gelişmeler, üretilen ve saklanan bilginin miktarında ve hızında büyük artışa sebep olmuştur. Bilgi miktarındaki bu artış beraberinde birtakım güvenlik sorunlarını da ortaya çıkarmıştır. İşletmeler, bankalar, devlet kurumları ve diğer kuruluşların güvenlik sistemleri, zor matematiksel problemlerin çözülmesi esasına dayanmaktadır. Bu problemlerin çözülmesi, en güçlü bilgisayarlar ve modern algoritmalar kullanılsa bile çok uzun zaman almaktadır. Literatürde yapılan çalışmalarda bugün için kuantum bilgisayarların güvenlik açısından çok büyük tehlikeler oluşturmadığını göstermektedir. Ancak bilim insanları, kuantum hesaplamanın beklenenden daha hızlı gelişeceğini ve büyük güvenlik zafiyetlerini ortaya çıkaracağını ön görüyor. Bu nedenle yakın gelecekte birçok kuruluşun şifreleme sistemleri ciddi siber güvenlik sorunlarıyla karşı karşıya kalacaktır. Gerek devletlerin gerekse özel sektörün bu tehlikeleri bugünden ön görerek gelecekte ortaya çıkabilecek güvenlik sorunlarına şimdiden hazır olmaları gerekir.
Türkiye’de Dağıtık Hesap Defteri Teknolojili Nesnelerin İnterneti Ödeme Sistemleri için Sistem Tasarım Önerileri
Authors: ŞAFAK Ilgın , ÜNSAL Ersin
Published: January 2021

Ödeme sistemlerinde gittikçe yaygınlaşan Internet üzerinden (online/mobil) ve temassız ödemeler, ödeme sistemlerinde kullanıcı deneyiminin ve bu sistemlerin kullanıcı dostu olmasının önemini göstermektedir. Akıllı saat gibi giyilebilir nesneler ve nesnelerin internetinin (NesNet) sunabileceği kullanıcı deneyiminin dijital ödemeleri devrimleştirmesi beklenmektedir. Bununla birlikte, NesNet’in güvenlik açıkları olduğu bilinmektedir. Bunun en önemli nedenlerinden biri NesNet’te genelde bulut tabanlı merkezi yapı kullanılmasıdır. NesNet’in merkezi yapıdan dağıtık yapıya geçişini sağlamak için ödeme altyapısı olarak dağıtık hesap defteri teknolojisi (DHT) kullanılabilir. Türkiye’de dijital ödemelerde DHT’nin NesNet ile birlikte kullanımı ile ilgili çalışmalar yeterli değildir ve, bilgimiz dahilinde, halihazırda ülkemiz hukuku ile uyumlu bir NesNet-DHT sistemi bulunmamaktadır. Bu makalede ülkemiz kanunlarına (Kişisel Veri Korunumu Kanunu ve Bilgi ve İletişim Tedbirleri Genelgesi) uygun olarak NesNet ve DHT ile güvenli dijital ödeme sistemleri tasarımında dikkat edilmesi gereken konular ve öneriler sunulmaktadır.
COVID-19 Sürecinde Esnek Personel Çalışma Düzeni için Excel Tabanlı Planlama Sistemi
Authors: KEÇECİ Barış
Published: January 2021

COVID-19 salgını tüm dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de bütün sistemleri etkilemiş ve dengeleri değiştirmiştir. Dengeler yeniden şekillenirken, sistemler geri beslemelerle yeni tepkiler vererek devamlılıklarını sürdürmeye çalışmaktadır. Özellikle örgütler çalışma düzenlerini yeniden yapılandırmaktadır. İşten çıkarmaların kanunen yasaklandığı bu süreçte bazı örgütler çalışanlarını ücretsiz izne çıkartırken, bazıları ise kısa çalışma ödeneğinden yararlanarak çalışanlarını esnek çalışma sistemine geçirmiştir. Esnek çalışma sisteminde, örneğin bir bölümde, her gün çalışanların tamamı yerine bir kısmı işe gelmektedir. Böylece aslında dönüşümlü ve esnek bir çalışma düzeni oluşmaktadır. Bu makalede “esnek personel çalışma düzeni”, ek kısıtların bulunduğu bir atama problemi olarak ele alınmıştır. Bu karar probleminin çözümü için karma tam sayılı bir matematiksel model kullanılmıştır. Yetkili karar verici amirin kullanabilmesi için, Excel tabanlı bir karar destek sistemi geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen bu karar destek sistemi, COVID-19 salgın sürecinde esnek çalışma sistemine geçen bir üniversitenin Endüstri Mühendisliği Bölümü öğretim üyelerinin çalışma planlarının oluşturulmasında başarıyla uygulanmıştır. Sistem kolay kullanıma sahip, hızlı, uyarlanabilir ve etkin özelliktedir.
Securing Cloud Computing Through IT Governance
Authors: Shawon Rahman Salman M. Faizi,
Published: January 2021

Lack of alignment between information technology (IT) and the business is a problem facing many organizations. Most organizations, today, fundamentally depend on IT. When IT and the business are aligned in an organization, IT delivers what the business needs and the business is able to deliver what the market needs. IT has become a strategic function for most organizations, and it is imperative that IT and business are aligned. IT governance is one of the most powerful ways to achieve IT to business alignment. Furthermore, as the use of cloud computing for delivering IT functions becomes pervasive, organizations using cloud computing must effectively apply IT governance to it. While cloud computing presents tremendous opportunities, it comes with risks as well. Information security is one of the top risks in cloud computing. Thus, IT governance must be applied to cloud computing information security to help manage the risks associated with cloud computing information security. This study advances knowledge by extending IT governance to cloud computing and information security governance.
Methods and Technologies for Protecting Pharmaceutical Products in Polymer Packaging from Counterfeiting
Authors: Sadykov I. A, Kohlert C Chistyakova T. B, Makaruk R. V,
Published: January 2021

This article considers the problem of protecting pharmaceutical products with polymer packaging from counterfeiting. This issue has grown vital in almost the entire world, as the significant harm can come not only to the producer, but the legitimate producer, but the consumers as well. Due to this, the issue of protecting these products against forgery, and creating and improving existing approaches to anti-forgery protection, becomes a crucial one. The authors suggest methods and technologies for protecting pharmaceutical products’ polymer packaging based on modern ideas from IT and manufacturing such as image recognition, client-server software architecture, mobile apps, digital signatures, luminophores, and PVC film. Testing the authors’ approach showed the effectiveness of the presented methods and technologies. The results should be of interest to companies producing pharmaceuticals.
Security Professionals Must Reinforce Detect Attacks to Avoid Unauthorized Data Exposure
Authors: Shawon S. M. Rahman Alain Loukaka,
Published: January 2021

Organizations face the probability of being hacked because of weak and inadequate cybersecurity implementations. Hackers are still able to breach a system when security tools such as firewalls, SIEM, anti-virus software, encryption, and IDPS are readily in place within an organization. Digital criminals are responsible for increased network breaches using elusive security tools to penetrate secure environments with sophistication. Cyberattacks are continually increasing due to the sophistication and innovation of cyber attackers. Many vulnerable areas must be reinforced against cybercriminals, Insider threats, inadequate employee training, and negligence. Monetary investment in cybersecurity and management support plays a significant role in assuring the implementation of information security throughout any organizational processes. The implication for practice can provide organizations with approaches on how to mitigate cyber exploits and safeguard the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information by bridging the gap between incident detection and response.
VoIP Security: A Performance and Cost-benefit Analysis
Authors: Moiz Hussain, Praniti Gupta, Shirin Bano, Vineet Kulkarni Levi Perigo, Rahil Gandotra, Dewang Gedia,
Published: January 2021

Voice over IP (VoIP) has become the standard technology for telephony and has replaced the old Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). This research focuses on the security aspect of VoIP systems. Unsecured VoIP systems are vulnerable to malicious attacks. However, the overhead of the security techniques hampers the performance of VoIP systems. This research analyzes how a VoIP system performs with different security techniques. The performance of the VoIP system is analyzed on different types of data networks such as IPv4, IPv6, and IPv4/IPv6 mixed networks, and in scenarios such as with and without network traffic. Additionally, the research includes a cost-benefit analysis of the security techniques, to determine their cost effectiveness. Based on the performance analysis and cost-benefit analysis, this research proposes three security techniques that can be applied to VoIP systems deployed on IPv4, IPv6, and IPv4/IPv6 networks.
La lexicografía asturiana en el siglo XIX
Authors: Busto Cortina Juan Carlos
Published: January 2021

Se traza una panorámica de los trabajos lexicográficos sobre el asturiano y sus variedades dialectales a lo largo del XIX. Dos ocupan toda la primera mitad del siglo. Uno el Vocabulario asturiano y castellano de la «Hispanic Society», dado a conocer recientemente. El análisis de su léxico (procedencia de las voces, hápax, ghost words) muestra su vinculación con los textos editados por Caveda y Nava en su Colección (1839). Además, algunas propuestas léxicas normalizadoras son las mismas en ambos corpus. Otros indicios apuntan hacia el entorno de Caveda, y más en concreto hacia su amigo Pedro José Pidal, probable autor de la copia manuscrita según revela el análisis caligráfico. El segundo es el Diccionario de Junquera Huergo, del que se analizan ciertos aspectos metodológicos (neologismos, manejo de fuentes, etc.) y se refieren las vicisitudes de sus copias manuscritas aún inéditas.De los once repertorios léxicos que se realizan en la segunda mitad de siglo, dos son de muy dudosa existencia: el de Benito Canella y el de Arias de Miranda, limitado este último a algunos apuntes dispersos que han permitido conocer la parte de terminología médica. El artículo pasa revista al resto de léxicos y diccionarios, de valor y extensión desigual, que se elaboran en el último cuarto de siglo. De ellos se destacan algunos aspectos poco conocidos como la relación epistolar entre Hugo Schuchardt y Laverde Ruiz coetánea de la publicación de sus Apuntes lexicográficos. También se ofrece una valoración de los métodos y alcance de estos repertorios, y, cuando ello es posible, se hace revisión de las críticas de los contemporáneos como las formuladas por Acevedo y Huelves y por Braulio Vigón al Vocabulario de Apolinar Rato.
Garcés Gómez, María Pilar (2018): Perspectivas teóricas y metodológicas en la elaboración de un diccionario histórico, Madrid-Frankfurt, Iberoamericana-Vervuert, 348 páginas.
Authors: Cotelo García Rosalía
Published: January 2021

Reseña de Garcés Gómez, María Pilar (2018): Perspectivas teóricas y metodológicas en la elaboración de un diccionario histórico, Madrid-Frankfurt, Iberoamericana-Vervuert, 348 páginas.
Elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein among apparently healthy adults with concomitant prediabetes and latent tuberculosis infection in Nigeria
Authors: Akinshipe Benson O. , Yusuf Edirin O. , Ehiaghe Alfred F. , Egunjobi Tunde O. , Yusuf Opeoluwa A.
Published: January 2021

Background: The increasing prevalence and convergence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and active tuberculosis (TB) comorbidity, especially in adults in the lower-and middle-income countries, demand new approaches to control the ‘syndemic’. Consequently, we set out to investigate the possibility of early detection of prediabetes mellitus and/or latent tuberculosis infection using novel method.Methods: This was a case-control study of 105 adults classified into 4 groups: Healthy Community Controls (HCC, n=30); Prediabetes mellitus (PDM, n=25); Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI, n=23); Individuals with Prediabetes mellitus+Latent Tuberculosis Infection (PDM+LTBI, n=27). Sera collected were assayed for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) using the ultra-sensitive Human high sensitivity C-reactive protein ELISA Kit (Melsin Medical Co., Ltd, China). Other ancillary tests and measurements done include Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, serum Glycated-hemoglobin (HbA1c), Interferon-gamma (INF-ϒ) and Waist circumference.Results: A total of 88 (83.8%) of the enrolled participants had full complement of results and were included in the analysis of four study groups: HCC (n=25), PDM (n=21), LTBI (n=19) and PDM+ LTBI (n=23). With respect to the serum biomarkers, isolated PDM and LTBI cases recorded significantly higher HbA1c (%) and INF-ϒ positivity respectively. Predictors of PDM+LTBI show statistically significant higher tertile (T3), representing elevated hs-CRP levels, (OR=6.50, 95% CI=4.83-22.39, p=0.0037).Conclusions: This study revealed that persons harboring the two associated asymptomatic conditions, PDM + LTBI have higher inflammatory state detectable by assaying the biomarker, hs-CRP, which could be used for ‘one-time bi-directional targeted screening’ for PDM in LTBI and vice versa.
Diagnostic accuracy of strain ultrasound elastography in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules, taking histopathology as gold standard
Authors: Fatima Maham , Younus Shifa , Maqsood Hamza , Younas Amna , Mukhtar Farah , Shah Mahnoor Fatima , Raza Hassan , Mazhar Saim , Qasim Muhammad , Khakwani Muhammad Shahzeb Khan
Published: January 2021

Background: Elastography is a method recently being used in the evaluation of thyroid nodules by comparing tissue elasticity. Strain and shear wave elastography are two types of elastography still being used in clinical practice. Two kinds of elasticity can be assessed by strain elastography. First, colors around and within the nodules are evaluated and visually scored according to the 4-5 scale scoring systems. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of strain ultrasound elastography in differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules, taking histopathology as gold standardMethods: Total of 101 patients with palpable thyroid nodule of any size of age 30-70 years of either gender were included. Patients with previous thyroid surgery and already proven histopathology were excluded. Strain ultrasound elastography was performed in every patient by using a highresolution unit with a linear array probe centred at 7.5 MHz. Strain ultrasound elastography was performed in every patient by a consultant radiologist in the presence of researcher and benign or malignant thyroid nodules was noted. Strain USG elastography findings were compared with histopathology report.Results: All the patients were subjected to strain ultrasound elastography. USG supported the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules in all 52 patients. Histopathology confirmed malignant thyroid nodules in 47 (true positive) cases where as 5 (false positive) had no malignant lesion on histopathology. In USG negative patients, 46 were true negative while 3 were false negative. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of strain ultrasound elastography in differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules, taking histopathology as gold standard is 94.0%, 90.20%, 90.38%, 93.88% and 92.08% respectively.Conclusions: According to this study, strain ultrasound elastography is the non-invasive modality of choice with high diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing malignant thyroid nodules.
The relationship between tourniquet time and Il-6, D-Dimer and visual analogue scale in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Suyasa I. Ketut , Kawiyana I. Ketut Siki , Ridia Ketut Gede Mulyadi , Laksana Komang Mahendra
Published: January 2021

Background: The use of tourniquet during TKA aside from having several advantages, is also accompanied by several risks. This study was performed to prove the relation between the duration of tourniquet application to inflammatory response, pro-thrombotic condition, and pain response of the patients undergoing TKA procedures.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional analytical experimental research. A femoral tourniquet was applied to 34 primary osteoarthritis (OA) patients undergoing the standard procedure of TKA and the duration of tourniquet application data was noted and collected. Pain assessment was performed by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), whereas blood samples are taken from the patients and IL-6 cytokine and D-dimer levels were identified at 12 hours and 24 hours post-operatively. Statistical analysis (Pearson correlation) was performed to see the correlation of tourniquet duration to the VAS, IL-6, and D-dimer serum level at 12 hours and 24 hours post-operatively.Results: The result of this study showed a positive correlation between the duration of tourniquet use with IL-6 at 12 hours post operation (r=0.359) and 24 hours post operation (r=0.658); with D-dimer at 12 hours post operation (r=0.491) and 24 hours post operation (r=0.483); and with VAS at 12 hours post operation (r=0.647) and 24 hours post operation (r=0.507) with p<0,05. A positive correlation was found between tourniquet time and IL-6, D-dimer and VAS.Conclusions: The duration of tourniquet cut-off time of more than 122.5 minutes elevates IL-6 and D-Dimer which increases the risk for SIRS and DVT.
Electrocardiographic findings in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Galidevara Jyothi , A. S. Veeramani Kartheek
Published: January 2021

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV2) has caused the global pandemic, COVID-19. Though predominantly a respiratory illness, cardiac manifestations of COVID-19 significantly contribute to mortality. We wanted to determine whether admission electrocardiographic (ECG) characteristics provide prognostic information in COVID-19.Methods: We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional observational study in a designated District COVID hospital. COVID-19 patient’s medical records were converted into an electronic database which included demographic data, clinical characteristics and electrocardiogram recorded at/near the time of admission. Primary outcome assessed was the occurrence of severe COVID-19.Results: Of 180 patients, the majority were males (67.8%) and aged 31-50 years (38.9%). The predominant comorbidity among patients who were discharged (non-severe COVID-19 disease) and those who got referred (severe COVID-19 disease) was hypertension (56.5% vs 43.3%), followed by diabetes mellitus (37.7% vs 36.7%). Fatigue (41.9%) and cough (18.5%) were the most frequent symptoms among non-severe cases. Of 32.8% of the patients with abnormal ECG, abnormal axis (25.5%), poor R wave progression (23.5%), T inversion (15.3%), left ventricular hypertrophy (12.2%) followed by ST segment depression (8.3%) were the frequent findings. Logistic regression analysis revealed that elderly patients (>60 years) (β=2.276, OR=9.737, p=0.002), Heart rate (β=0.191, OR=1.211, p=0.045) and ST segment depression (β=9.986, OR=21725.39, p=0.022) showed statistically significant positive association with Severe COVID-19.Conclusions: ST segment abnormalities on admission ECG are markers of cardiac injury and may assist in prognostication of COVID-19. Early identification of these findings might play a crucial role in identifying patients likely to progress to severe COVID-19.
Impact of cataract surgery in quality of life of patients
Authors: Gupta Surbhi , Gupta Riya , Gupta Rajiv K
Published: January 2021

Background: Loss of vision invariably leads to loss of quality of life (QOL), which represents the general well-being of individuals and societies. Researchers have tended to indicate that visual acuity (VA) alone is an inadequate measure of visual impairment. Studies on QOL after cataract surgery are scarce in this part of India and there our present study holds potential to be really useful.Methods: This study was a prospective study consisting of 300 patients aged 50 years and above, who were operated for cataract in the Department of ophthalmology, GMC Jammu from May 2017-February 2018, a period of 10 months. Visual acuity was measured by logMaR method and generic health related quality of life (HRQoL) was measured using EuroQol (EQ-5D).Results: Only 182 turned up for the follow up after six months, mainly belonging to the age group: 60 to 70. 66.48% of the people studied upon belong to the lower strata of the society. Substantial improvement in visual acuity was observed with only 3.84% of patients showing less than 6/60 visual acuity during follow up after 6 months. All domains related to the generic health related QOL showed improvement. There was clear and marked improvement for performance of usual activities by the patients after surgery.Conclusions: In conclusion this study has provided valuable information about the change in vision related quality of life after cataract surgery there is statistically significant improvement in QOL of all patients enrolled in our study after the cataract surgery.
Comparison between isobaric levobupivacaine 0.5% and hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% in spinal anesthesia in lower limb surgeries and lower abdominal surgeries in adult patients
Authors: Parashar Preeti , Singh Anisha , Sharma Manoj Kumar , Raval Dipak L.
Published: January 2021

Background: The aim of our study was to compare sensory and motor block characteristics and hemodynamic changes following intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine (0.5%) and isobaric levobupivacaine (0.5%) in elective lower limb and lower abdominal surgeries.Methods: 60 patients of either sex, aged 18-60 years, ASA grade I or II scheduled for elective lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries were randomized into two groups, group B (n=30) and group L (n=30) and received either 3 ml of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine or isobaric levobupivacaine intrathecally.Results: The mean time of onset of sensory block at shin of tibia in both the groups was comparable i.e. levobupivacaine (1.19±0.2 minutes) and bupivacaine (1.1+0.2 minutes). The mean time for total duration of sensory block was 211.1±8.2 minutes in group L, while 193.13±13.7 minutes in group B. Time for total duration of motor block in group L was 198.76±8.428 minutes and in group B was 182.6±13.989 minutes. Statistically significant difference was observed in total duration of sensory and motor block in both levobupivaciane and bupivacaine group (p<0.0001). Patients in group L were hemodynamically more stable with significantly less decrease in pulse rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure as compared to group B.Conclusions: We observed that 0.5% isobaric levobupivacaine provided better hemodynamic stability, longer duration of sensory and motor block as compared to bupivacaine.
The significance of lipid profile and positive troponin-I in predicting cardiac event
Authors: Pullakanam S. P. Tejaswi , Barla Krishna , Nekkala Ramakrishna , Geriki Sarvari , A. V. Suresh Babu , N. Hanumanth
Published: January 2021

Background: Diagnosis of acute cardiac event in the early stage of its onset is important in the treatment process. The development of highly sensitive and specific immunoassays for myocardial proteins such as cardiac troponin-I had made it possible. However troponin indicates cardiac events only after its onset or after cardiac tissue necrosis. Traditionally such high risk subjects were identified using lipid profiles. The identification of subjects with high risk of developing cardiac event in the future is more significant as it will provide time to prevent such incidents.Methods: In this retrospective study data of the 250 patients presented to the emergency department with symptoms of cardiac ischemia who underwent both troponin-I and lipid profiles tests were compared with the lipid profiles of 100 normal healthy subjects (controls). The troponin-I was detected quantitatively when a specimen contains troponin-I above the 99th percentile (TnI >0.3 ng/ml). The total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins cholesterol, very low density lipoproteins cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels were also analyzed and low density lipoprotein cholesterol level was calculated using Friedewald’s formula.Results: Patients with chest pain and positive troponin-I test (with confirmed cardiac event) were found to have significantly elevated levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, low density lipoprotein cholesterol level and significantly reduced high density lipoproteins cholesterol levels when compared to the patients who experienced only chest pain with (negative troponin-I) and healthy controls.Conclusions: An acute cardiac event is best diagnosed by highly sensitive and specific positive troponin-I test (by quantitative method). However, traditional lipid profile levels still can be used in screening the populations to identify those subjects with high risk of developing cardiac event, in those centres where troponin-I test facility is unavailable.