bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation Research on Effects of Ambient Pressure on Plug-Holing Phenomenon in Tunnel Fires with a Shaft
Authors: Yao Yongzheng , Wang Yintong , Zhang Yue , Zhao Jinlong
Published: April 2023

This paper studied the effects of ambient pressure on the plug-holing phenomenon in tunnel fires with a shaft by a Fire Dynamics Simulator. The influence of ambient pressures on the smoke movement, temperature distribution, critical Richard number (Ric) and critical shaft height for plug-holing were analyzed in detail. A new prediction formula of smoke flow velocity considering different pressures was modified. A prediction formula of smoke temperature distribution beneath the ceiling under different pressures was developed. As a result, a prediction model of Richard numbers to determine whether the plug-holing occurs was proposed by combining smoke flow velocity and smoke temperature distribution. The critical Richard numbers (Ric) and critical shaft height (hc) increases as the pressure decreases. Outcomes in this study can provide references for the design of a natural ventilation system in tunnel fires at a higher altitude.
Preparation and Characterization of Multilayer pH-Responsive Hydrogel Loaded Ganoderma lucidum Peptides
Authors: Liu Ruobing , Gan Jing , Du Mengdi , Kong Xiao , Xu Chunxia , Lü Yue , Cao Shengliang , Meng Ting , Wang Bo , Yu Tianying
Published: April 2023

To develop a safe, targeted, and efficient assembly of a stable polypeptide delivery system, in this work, chitosan, sodium alginate, and sodium tripolyphosphate were used as materials for the preparation of hydrogels. M-SCT hydrogels were prepared by ionic gelation and the layer-by-layer (LBL) method. The composite hydrogels exhibited excellent pH sensitivity and Ganoderma lucidum peptides (GLP) loading capacity. The prepared hydrogels were characterized and evaluated. The internal three-dimensional network structure of the hydrogel was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed the electrostatic interactions among the components. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to observe the crystal structure of the hydrogel. The maximum peptide encapsulation efficiency was determined to be 81.73%. The digestion stability and thermal stability of M-SCT hydrogels loaded GLP were demonstrated to be improved. The amount of peptides released from the GLP/M-SCT-0.75 hydrogels in simulated gastric fluid was lower than 30%. In addition, the ABTS assays showed that the free radical scavenging ability of the GLP/M-SCT-0.75 hydrogels confirmed the efficacy of the hydrogels in retaining the antioxidant activity of GLP. The study suggested the M-SCT-0.75 hydrogels had a great deal of potential as a peptide carrier for oral delivery.
The Accumulation and Biosynthesis of Anthocyanin in Black, White, and Yellow Waxy Corns (Zea mays L. sinensis kulesh) during Kernel Maturation
Authors: Hu Xiaodan , Liu Jianhua , Shan Qiji , Bai Song , Li Wu , Wen Tianxiang , Guo Xinbo , Hu Jianguang
Published: April 2023

Waxy corn kernels with different colors have high phenolic content and good application potential in medicine and food healthcare. In our work, the content changes of phenolic and anthocyanins profiles were related to genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, and the antioxidant activities of three different colors of waxy corn kernels (black, white, and yellow) were determined during kernel development. Results showed that growing temperature and light intensity could affect the accumulation of phytochemicals and antioxidant activities in waxy corns during maturation. Phenolic and antioxidant activities decreased over kernel maturation, and spring had higher nutrition levels during the best harvest time (20 and 25 days after pollination in the spring and autumn, respectively) for waxy corns. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside were the main anthocyanins detected in the black waxy corns. The contents of cyanidin are higher than pelargonidin followed by peonidin in the autumn, while on the other hand, pelargonidin had a slightly higher content compared to cyanidin in the spring. DFR, CF1, and ANS were the key genes affecting anthocyanin accumulation. This work provided information on the best harvest time for the pigment of waxy corn in order to achieve relatively high phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities. It also illustrated the possible relationship between weather conditions, gene expression levels, and phenolic content during kernel development.
Effect and Mechanism of Theaflavins on Fluoride Transport and Absorption in Caco-2 Cells
Authors: Fan Yueqin , Lei Zhendong , Huang Jiasheng , Su Dan , Ni Dejiang , Chen Yuqiong
Published: April 2023

This paper investigated the effect and mechanism of theaflavins (TFs) on fluoride (F−) uptake and transport in the Caco-2 cell model through structural chemistry and transcriptome analysis. The results showed that the four major TFs (TF, TF3G, TF3′G and TFDG) at a 150 μg/mL concentration could all significantly decrease F− transport in Caco-2 cells after 2 h of treatment and, at 2 μg/mL F− concentration, the F− transport was more inclined to efflux. During transport, the F− retention in Caco-2 cells was significantly increased by TF3G while it was clearly decreased by TF. The interaction between TFs and F− was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry, and F− was shown to affect the π bond vibration on the benzene ring of TFs, thus influencing their stability. Additionally, F− showed weak binding to TF3G, TF3′G and TFDG, which may inhibit F− transport and absorption in the Caco-2 cell line. Transcriptome and RT-PCR analysis identified three key differentially expressed genes related to cell permeability, and TFs can be assumed to mediate F− transport by regulating the expression of permeability-related genes to change cell monolayer permeability and enhance cell barrier function; however, this needs to be further elucidated in future studies.
Evaluation of a Proteinase K-Based Extraction Method to Detect Hepatitis A Virus, Hepatitis E Virus and Norovirus in Artificially Contaminated Dairy Products
Authors: Hennechart-Collette Catherine , Fourniol Lisa , Fraisse Audrey , Martin-Latil Sandra , Perelle Sylvie
Published: April 2023

Human norovirus and hepatitis viruses (hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis E (HEV)) are leading causes of foodborne disease worldwide. Among the various food products, different types of dairy products can be implicated in viral foodborne outbreaks and contamination can occur at different stages, such as preparation, contact with contaminated equipment or via other foods. The aim of this study was to characterise a proteinase K method adapted from the ISO 15216 method for the detection of HAV, HEV and norovirus in artificially contaminated dairy products, based on the recent international standard of ISO 16140-4. Results showed that the recovery yields obtained from pure RNA in dairy products ranged from 5.76% to 76.40% for HAV, from 35.09% to 100.00% for HEV, from 25.09% to 100.00% for norovirus GI and from 47.83% to 100.00% for norovirus GII. The process control MNV-1 was detected in all RNA extracts, with recovery yields between 36.83% and 100.00%. The limit of detection (LOD) of the method was between 184 and 642 genome copies/mL (or/g) for the LOD50 and 802 and 2800 genome copies/mL or/g for the LOD95 according to the virus analysed. This method proved to be suitable for detecting viruses in dairy products for routine diagnostic needs.
Neuroprotective Effects of a Novel Tetrapeptide SGGY from Walnut against H2O2-Stimulated Oxidative Stress in SH-SY5Y Cells: Possible Involved JNK, p38 and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways
Authors: Feng Li , Wu Yingmin , Wang Jiankang , Han Yuting , Huang Junrong , Xu Huaide
Published: April 2023

SGGY, an antioxidant tetrapeptide identified from walnut protein hydrolysate in our previous study, has been suggested to possess the potential to alleviate oxidative stress in cells. In this paper, the neuroprotective effects of SGGY on H2O2-stimulated oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Results showed that SGGY alleviated H2O2-induced oxidative stress by decreasing the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and altering the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), thereby inhibiting apoptosis and increasing cell viability. SGGY significantly restored antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content accordingly. Moreover, SGGY promoted the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and suppressed the H2O2-induced activation of JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Taken together, these results suggested that SGGY protected SH-SY5Y cells from H2O2-provoked oxidative stress by enhancing the ability of cellular antioxidant defense, and the possible mechanism involved MAPKs and Nrf2 signaling pathways.
College Students’ Preferences for Milk Tea: Results from a Choice Experiment
Authors: Lin Xi , Yang Jiangfan , Chen Qian
Published: April 2023

(1) Background: Although China is one of the largest tea-producing countries in the world, the Chinese tea industry is facing a decline in profits. However, an explosive market, namely milk tea, has garnered the attention of certain famous tea companies, several of which have launched milk tea products through sub-branding or co-branding. However, there is a scarce amount of literature on consumers’ attitudes toward these marketing strategies of the milk tea market. (2) Methods: Utilizing the choice experiment (CE) approach, the aim of this study was to explore consumer preferences for milk tea and investigate consumers’ socio-demographic characteristics regarding the preference for milk tea. (3) Results: Firstly, although consumers show positive attitudes toward tea bases that come from famous tea companies, they barely pay attention to the types of tea bases of milk tea products. As for ingredients, consumers show significantly negative attitudes toward non-dairy creamers when compared with fruit bases. Moreover, new brands could undermine consumers’ evaluations of milk tea. Secondly, education, the weekly frequency of drinking milk tea, and monthly allowance have a significant influence on consumer preferences. (4) Conclusions: Tea bases from famous tea companies can enhance consumer utility and promote consumer preference for milk tea. Thus, famous tea companies could seek cooperation with milk tea manufacturers, which would be a win–win strategy for both sides. On the other hand, tea companies should make use of their established reputations to gain consumers in the milk tea market, and co-branding or sub-branding strategies could be cost-effective methods to achieve this goal in the highly competitive milk tea market.
A Novel Cu2+ Quantitative Detection Nucleic Acid Biosensors Based on DNAzyme and “Blocker” Beacon
Authors: Zhang Hanyue , Dong Kai , Xiang Shuna , Lin Yingting , Cha Xiaoyan , Shang Ying , Xu Wentao
Published: April 2023

In this paper, a “turn-off” biosensor for detecting copper (II) ions based on Cu2+-dependent DNAzyme and a “blocker” beacon were developed. Upon the copper ion being added, the Cu2+-dependent DNAzyme substrate strand was irreversibly cleaved, thereby blocking the occurrence of the ligation reaction and PCR, which inhibited the G-rich sequence from forming the G-quadruplex structure, efficiently reducing the detection signal. This method had the characteristics of strong specificity and high sensitivity compared with the existing method due to the application of ligation-dependent probe signal recognition and amplification procedures. Under the optimized conditions, this method proved to be highly sensitive. The signal decreased as the concentration of copper ions increased, exhibiting a linear calibration from 0.03125 μM to 0.5 μM and a limit of detection of 18.25 nM. Subsequently, the selectivity of this biosensor was verified to be excellent by testing different relevant metal ions. Furthermore, this detection system of copper (II) ions was successfully applied to monitor Cu2+ contained in actual water samples, which demonstrated the feasibility of the biosensor.
Phytochemicals Determination, and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of Blackberry Fruits
Authors: Gil-Martínez Lidia , Mut-Salud Nuria , Ruiz-García José Antonio , Falcón-Piñeiro Ana , Maijó-Ferré Mònica , Baños Alberto , De la Torre-Ramírez José Manuel , Guillamón Enrique , Verardo Vito , Gómez-Caravaca Ana María
Published: April 2023

A comprehensive characterization of the phytochemicals present in a blackberry fruit extract by HPLC-TOF-MS has been carried out. The main compounds in the extract were ursane-type terpenoids which, along with phenolic compounds, may be responsible for the bioactivity of the extract. In vitro antioxidant capacity was assessed through Folin–Ciocalteu (31.05 ± 4.9 mg GAE/g d.w.), FRAP (637.8 ± 3.2 μmol Fe2+/g d.w.), DPPH (IC50 97.1 ± 2.4 μg d.w./mL) and TEAC (576.6 ± 8.3 μmol TE/g d.w.) assays. Furthermore, the extract exerted remarkable effects on in vitro cellular antioxidant activity in HUVEC cells at a concentration of 5 mg/mL. Antimicrobial activity of the extract was also tested. Most sensible microorganisms were Gram-positive bacteria, such as E. faecalis, B. cereus and Gram-negative E. coli (MBC of 12.5 mg/mL). IC50 values against colon tumoral cells HT-29 (4.9 ± 0.2 mg/mL), T-84 (5.9 ± 0.3 mg/mL) and SW-837 (5.9 ± 0.2 mg/mL) were also obtained. Furthermore, blackberry extract demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity inhibiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory IL-8 cytokines in two cellular models (HT-29 and T-84) in a concentration-dependent manner. These results support that blackberry fruits are an interesting source of bioactive compounds that may be useful in the prevention and treatment of different diseases, mainly related to oxidative stress.
Alkali-Induced Phenolic Acid Oxidation Enhanced Gelation of Ginkgo Seed Protein
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Changqi , Zhao Jing , Guo Fengxian , You Jieyu , Zhang Luyan , Wang Yaosong
Published: April 2023

The effect of alkali-induced oxidation of three phenolic acids, namely gallic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, and tannic acid, on the structure and gelation of ginkgo seed protein isolate (GSPI) was investigated. A mixture of 12% (w/v) GSPI and different concentrations of alkali-treated phenolic acids (0, 0.06, 0.24, and 0.48% w/w) were heated at 90 °C, pH 6.0, for 30 min to form composite gels. The phenolic treatment decreased the hydrophobicity of the GSPI sol while enhancing their rheological properties. Despite a reduced protein solubility, water holding capacity, stiffness, and viscoelasticity of the gels were improved by the treatments. Among them, the modification effect of 0.24% (w/v) EGCG was the most prominent. Through the analysis of microstructure and composition, it was found to be due to the covalent addition, disulfide bond formation, etc., between the quinone derivatives of phenolic acids and the side chains of nucleophilic amino acids. Phenolic acid modification of GSPI may be a potential ingredient strategy in its processing.
Changes in the Fruit Quality, Phenolic Compounds, and Antioxidant Potential of Red-Fleshed Kiwifruit during Postharvest Ripening
Authors: Chen Yi , Hu Xiaomin , Shi Qingke , Lu Yue , Yan Jing , Wu Ding-Tao , Qin Wen
Published: April 2023

Kiwifruit is very popular for its unique flavor and nutritional value, and for its potential health benefits, which are closely related to its richness in a variety of natural antioxidant substances, in which polyphenolics play a non-negligible role. This study investigated changes in the fruit quality, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant potential of Chinese red-fleshed kiwifruit “Hongshi No. 2” during postharvest ripening at room temperature (20 ± 1 °C). Results showed that the weight loss rate slowly increased, the firmness rapidly decreased, and the soluble solid concentration gradually increased during the postharvest ripening of red-flesh kiwifruit. In addition, the total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC), and total proanthocyanidin (TPAC) contents gradually increased during postharvest ripening. The most abundant phenolic compounds in kiwifruit throughout postharvest ripening were catechin (CC), proanthocyanidin B1 (PB1), and proanthocyanidin B2 (PB2). Furthermore, the methanolic extracts of red-flesh kiwifruit exhibited remarkable antioxidant activities throughout postharvest ripening stages. Indeed, some phenolic compounds showed good correlations with antioxidant activities; for instance, chlorogenic acid (CHL) showed a significantly positive correlation with ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and isoquercitrin (IS) showed a significantly negative correlation with DPPH free radical scavenging ability. The findings from this study are beneficial to better understanding the quality profile of red-flesh kiwifruit “Hongshi No. 2” during postharvest ripening.
Prevention of Dry Socket with Ozone Oil-Based Gel after Inferior Third Molar Extraction: A Double-Blind Split-Mouth Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Materni Alberto , Pasquale Claudio , Longo Eugenio , Frosecchi Massimo , Benedicenti Stefano , Bozzo Matteo , Amaroli Andrea
Published: April 2023

Tooth extraction is followed by a sequence of elaborate local changes affecting hard and soft tissues. Dry socket (DS) can occur as intense pain around and in the extraction site, with an incidence from 1–4% after generic tooth extraction to 45% for mandibular third molars. Ozone therapy has gained attention in the medical field because of its success in the treatment of various diseases, its biocompatible properties and its fewer side effects or discomfort than drugs. To investigate the preventive effect of the sunflower oil-based ozone gel Ozosan® (Sanipan srl, Clivio (VA), Italy) on DS, a double-blind split-mouth randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted according to the CONSORT guidelines. Ozosan® or the placebo gel were put in the socket, and the gels were washed off 2 min later. In total, 200 patients were included in our study. The patient population comprised 87 Caucasian males and 113 Caucasian females. The mean age of the included patients was 33.1 ± 12.4 years. Ozosan reduced the incidence of DS after inferior third molar extraction from 21.5% of the control to 2% (p < 0.001). Concerning the dry socket epidemiology, the incidence was not significantly correlated with gender, smoking or mesioangular, vertical or distoangular Winter’s classification. Post hoc power calculation showed a power of 99.8% for this data, with alpha = 0.001.
Vaginal Sheets with Thymbra capitata Essential Oil for the Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis: Design, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety
Authors: Tomás Mariana , Sousa Lúcia G. V. , Oliveira Ana Sofia , Gomes Carolina P. , Palmeira-de-Oliveira Ana , Cavaleiro Carlos , Salgueiro Lígia , Cerca Nuno , Martinez-de-Oliveira José , Palmeira-de-Oliveira Rita
Published: April 2023

We aimed to incorporate Thymbra capitata essential oil (TCEO), a potent antimicrobial natural product against bacterial vaginosis (BV)-related bacteria, in a suitable drug delivery system. We used vaginal sheets as dosage form to promote immediate relief of the typical abundant vaginal discharge with unpleasant odour. Excipients were selected to promote the healthy vaginal environment reestablishment and bioadhesion of formulations, while the TCEO acts directly on BV pathogens. We characterized vaginal sheets with TCEO in regard to technological characterization, predictable in vivo performance, in vitro efficacy and safety. Vaginal sheet D.O (acid lactic buffer, gelatine, glycerine, chitosan coated with TCEO 1% w/w) presented a higher buffer capacity and ability to absorb vaginal fluid simulant (VFS) among all vaginal sheets with EO, showing one of the most promising bioadhesive profiles, an excellent flexibility and structure that allow it to be easily rolled for application. Vaginal sheet D.O with 0.32 µL/mL TCEO was able to significantly reduce the bacterial load of all in vitro tested Gardnerella species. Although vaginal sheet D.O presented toxicity at some concentrations, this product was developed for a short time period of treatment, so this toxicity can probably be limited or even reversed when the treatment ends.
Molecular Characterization of the Acyl-CoA-Binding Protein Genes Reveals Their Significant Roles in Oil Accumulation and Abiotic Stress Response in Cotton
Authors: Chen Yizhen , Fu Mingchuan , Li Hao , Wang Liguo , Liu Renzhong , Liu Zhanji
Published: April 2023

Members of the acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) gene family play vital roles in diverse processes related to lipid metabolism, growth and development, and environmental response. Plant ACBP genes have been well-studied in a variety of species including Arabidopsis, soybean, rice and maize. However, the identification and functions of ACBP genes in cotton remain to be elucidated. In this study, a total of 11 GaACBP, 12 GrACBP, 20 GbACBP, and 19 GhACBP genes were identified in the genomes of Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii, Gossypium babardense, and Gossypium hirsutum, respectively, and grouped into four clades. Forty-nine duplicated gene pairs were identified in Gossypium ACBP genes, and almost all of which have undergone purifying selection during the long evolutionary process. In addition, expression analyses showed that most of the GhACBP genes were highly expressed in the developing embryos. Furthermore, GhACBP1 and GhACBP2 were induced by salt and drought stress based on a real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay, indicating that these genes may play an important role in salt- and drought-stress tolerance. This study will provide a basic resource for further functional analysis of the ACBP gene family in cotton.
Spatiotemporal Evolution of Ground Subsidence and Extensional Basin Bedrock Organization: An Application of Multitemporal Multi-Satellite SAR Interferometry
Authors: Brunori Carlo Alberto , Murgia Federica
Published: April 2023

Since the early 1990s, the European (ESA) and Italian (ASI) space agencies have managed and distributed a huge amount of satellite-recorded SAR data to the research community and private industries. Moreover, the availability of advanced cloud computing services implementing different multi-temporal SAR interferometry techniques allows the generation of deformation time series from massive SAR images. We exploit the information provided by a large PS dataset to determine the temporal trend of ground deformation and the relative deformation rate with millimetric accuracy to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of land subsidence induced by water pumping from a deep confined aquifer in the Northern Valle Umbra Basin (Central Italy), exploiting 24 years of Permanent Scatterers—interferometric SAR data archives. The SAR images were acquired between 1992 and 2016 by satellites ERS1/2 and ENVISAT, the Sentinel 1 ESA missions and the COSMO-SkyMed ASI mission. We observed ground velocities and deformation geometries between 1992 and 2016, with displacements of more than 70 cm and velocities of up to 55 mm/yr. The results suggest that the shape and position of the surface ground displacement are controlled by the fault activity hidden under the valley deposits.
Vein Formation and Reopening in a Cooling Yet Intermittently Pressurized Hydrothermal System: The Single-Intrusion Tongchang Porphyry Cu Deposit
Authors: Liu Xuan , Richard Antonin , Pironon Jacques , Rusk Brian G.
Published: April 2023

Porphyry deposits are the dominant sources of copper and major sources of several base and precious metals. They are commonly formed via the repeated emplacement of hydrous magmas and associated fluid exsolution. As a result, mineralized hydrothermal veins may undergo multiple deposition and reopening processes that are not fully accounted for by existing fluid models. The Tongchang porphyry Cu deposit is a rare example of being related to a single intrusion. The simplicity in intrusive history provides an ideal starting point for studying fluid processes in more complex multi-intrusion porphyry systems. Detailed scanning electron microscope (SEM) cathodoluminescence imaging (CL) revealed rich microtextures in quartz and anhydrite that point to a fluid timeline encompassing early quartz deposition followed by fluid-aided dynamic recrystallization, which was succeeded by an intermediate stage of quartz dissolution and subsequent deposition, and ended with a late stage of continuous quartz deposition, brecciation, and fracturing. Vein reopening is more common than expected. Fifteen out of seventeen examined vein samples contained quartz and/or anhydrite that was older or younger than the vein age defined by vein sequences. Thermobarometry and solubility analysis suggests that the fluid events occurred in a general cooling path (from 650 °C to 250 °C), interspersed with two episodes of fluid pressurization. The first episode occurred at high-T (>500 °C), under lithostatic conditions alongside dynamic recrystallization, whereas the second one took place at a lower temperature (~400 °C), under lithostatic to hydrostatic transition conditions. The main episode of chalcopyrite veining took place subsequent to the second overpressure episode at temperatures of 380–300 °C. The results of this study reaffirm that thermal and hydraulic conditions are the main causative factors for vein reopening and growth in porphyry deposits.
Efficiency of Using Superabsorbent Polymers in Reducing Mineral Fertilizer Rates Applied in Autumn Royal Vineyards
Authors: Ali Mervat A. , Farag Samir G. , Sillanpää Mika , Al-Farraj Saleh , El-Sayed Mohamed E. A.
Published: April 2023

Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) addition to soil enhances the properties of soil and increase plant yields. Investigation of the efficacy of SAPs to reduce the rate of mineral fertilizers and produce high-quality grapes was the study’s main goal. This investigation was carried out for three seasons (2019, 2020, and 2021) in a private vineyard located in El-Menofia Governorate, Egypt. Autumn Royal grapevines were grafted on Freedom. The vines were seven years old and grown in newly reclaimed sandy soil irrigated by drip irrigation. Several concentrations of polyacrylamide polymer (50, 75, and 100 g/vine/three years) were applied to the examined soil with nitrogen and potassium fertilization rates of 100%, 75%, and 50% of the recommended rate of fertilizer. The data revealed that increasing the amount of applied polymer significantly improved bud burst and fruitful buds percentages; growth parameters; total leaf chlorophyll content; N, P, and K percentages in leaves; and yield. Thus, the most effective method for increasing fruit production was to apply 45 units of N and 75 units of K per feddan, along with 70 kg per feddan of soil conditioner, which is safe for humans and improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil. This treatment considers the impact of SAPs on the preservation of nutrients.
Best Nitrogen Management Practices Using Sensor-Based Smart Agriculture in Nursery Production of Cacao
Authors: Khoddamzadeh Amir Ali , Souza Costa Bárbara Nogueira
Published: April 2023

Reducing fertilizer costs and ensuring environmental sustainability are critical issues given the challenges posed by nutrient run-off. The use of smart technologies such as optical sensors is essential in achieving these goals. This study was conducted to determine the most efficient fertilizer regime based on chlorophyll content monitoring using optical sensor technology in cacao samplings in the nursery setting. The 8N-3P-9K (slow-released fertilizer) was used at 15 g (control), 15 g (supplemented with +15 g applied 2 times), 15 g (+15 g), 30 g (+15 g applied 2 times), 30 g (+15 g), and 45 g (+15 g applied two times). Chlorophyll content (measured using optical sensors such as soil plant analysis development (SPAD), atLEAF, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)), plant height, number of leaves, total nitrogen of leachate samples, and the total nitrogen and total carbon contents of the leaf and soil samples were evaluated over six months. The results show that the lower application of nitrogen fertilizer can provide the necessary required nutrients of cocoa plants and cause less contamination via run-off. Using 45 g (+15 g applied 2 times) causes more pollution through nutrient run-off. This study demonstrates the importance of handheld sensor technology in determining the best nitrogen management practices in fruit nurseries to reduce excessive fertilization while decreasing the extra costs and mitigating environmental pollution.
The Influences of Genotype and Year on Some Biologically Active Compounds in Honeysuckle Berries
Authors: Cosmulescu Sina Niculina , Enescu (Mazilu) Ivona Cristina , Badea Georgiana , Vijan Loredana Elena
Published: April 2023

Berries of three Romanian Lonicera caerulea cultivars ‘Cera’, ‘Kami’, and ‘Loni’, grown at the Research Institute for Fruit Growing, Pitesti, Romania, were analyzed between 2020 and 2022 in terms of chemical composition. The study aimed to determine the concentrations of some compounds with antioxidant activity, highlight the most valuable cultivar, encourage the consumption of honeysuckle berries, and indirectly stimulate growers’ interest in this little-known species in Romania. Some phenolic compounds—lycopene, β-carotene, and vitamin C—were quantified. As a result of the study, the ‘Loni’ cultivar’s high total phenolic content, flavonoids, anthocyanins, vitamin C, lycopene, chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids, catechin, and rutin are to be noted. ‘Cera’ cultivar had the highest cryptochlorogenic acid content, and ‘Kami’ summarized the highest carotenoid level. These characteristics indicated that the three honeysuckle cultivars’ berries could have multiple uses, from fresh consumption, as part of a diet focused on maintaining human health, to being used as raw materials in the para-pharmaceutical industry, to obtain food supplements. The novelty characteristics and the nutritional value of its berries highlighted by this study have indicated that honeysuckle can become a crop of interest and profitability.
Identification of Nutritional Ingredients and Medicinal Components of Hawk Tea and Insect Tea Using Widely Targeted Secondary Metabolomics
Authors: Sheng Qi , Yao Xinzhuan , Chen Hufang , Tang Hu , Lu Litang
Published: April 2023

In this study, the metabolites in insect tea and hawk tea were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. We found 49 metabolites in insect tea and hawk tea that can be used as key active components in traditional Chinese medicine, as well as 98 metabolites that can be used as active components of pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment of cancers, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Comparative analysis found that insect tea and hawk tea had significant differences in their metabolic profiles. Insect tea contains more metabolites beneficial to human health than hawk tea; insect tea also has higher antioxidant activity in vitro than hawk tea. The results of this study will contribute to the development of new health foods using insect tea.
The Association between Physical Activity and Intrinsic Capacity in Chinese Older Adults and Its Connection to Primary Care: China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)
Authors: Zhou Mengping , Kuang Li , Hu Nan
Published: April 2023

Background: In 2015, intrinsic capacity (IC) was proposed by the WHO as a new measure for healthy aging. Evidence has shown that physical activity (PA) benefits the physical and mental health of older adults. However, the association between PA and IC among older adults was not well evaluated or reported. This study aims to investigate the association between PA and general and specific IC among Chinese older adults. Method: The study included individuals aged 60 and above from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2015. The IC scores were constructed based on the WHO concept of five domains: psychological capacity, cognition, locomotion, vitality, and sensory abilities. Total PA and leisure PA were measured based on different activity purposes. Linear mixed-effects models and generalized linear mixed-effects models were developed to assess the associations between PA and IC. Results: A total of 3359 participants were included in this study. Older adults who reported some PA were associated with a higher composite IC score, with a mean difference of 0.14 (95% CI: 0.09–0.18, p < 0.001) compared to those who reported no PA. In terms of leisure PA, physically active adults had a higher composite IC score with a mean difference of 0.06 (95% CI: 0.03–0.09, p < 0.001). Older adults with a high level of leisure PA also had a significantly higher composite IC score (diff. in mean = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01–0.13, p < 0.05) compared to those with low-level leisure PA. In addition, PA was positively and significantly associated with three specific IC domains: locomotion, cognition, and vitality. Conclusions: Improving both general and leisure PA can be an effective way to prevent the decline in IC among older adults, thus reducing the personal and public load of primary healthcare for aging countries such as China.
The Moderating Role of Online Social Media in the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and Investment Decisions: Evidence from Egypt
Authors: Abdel Magid Ahmed , Hussainey Khaled , De Andrés Javier , Lorca Pedro
Published: April 2023

Despite the spread and progress in the literature related to the disclosure of corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance around the world as one of the most essential tools for achieving sustainable development in society, its value relevance is still uncertain. Using a survey approach involving investors dealing in stocks of 60 enterprises listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange (EGX) and included in the environmental, social, and governance index (S&P/EGX ESG index) and the equal-weight index (EGX100 EWI index), we empirically examine the importance of CSR financial performance disclosure by examining the extent to which it can influence investors’ choices. In addition, we assess whether company reputation acquired through online social media (OSM) influences the extent to which CSR performance disclosure influences such judgments. To examine these matters, we conduct two tests: the first examines the influence of disclosure of company environmental activities on investors’ decisions and the other examines the influence of disclosure of company social activities on investor decisions. Turning to our key results, we find that investment decision makers in both experiments tend to invest only in companies that have higher CSR performance scores. In the context of OSM, we provide and discuss empirical evidence that investment decision makers are more responsive to investing in companies included in the S&P/EGX ESG index, which have a positive e-reputation for CSR performance, than companies included in the EGX100 EWI index, which do not have such a reputation, which confirms that e-reputation, as one of the most important outputs of OSM, has a marginal impact on investment decisions and moderates the relation between disclosure of high CSR scores and investors’ decisions. Therefore, this paper presents a modern starting point for CSR experts and academics, particularly in the emerging markets. In general, our paper expands the CSR-related investment literature. In line with the affect-as-information theory, our paper also expands the OSM literature by indicating that the effects of OSM depend on the information context, where failure to provide information to investors or other stakeholders in a timely manner may render the information useless.
Joint Deep Learning and Information Propagation for Fast 3D City Modeling
Authors: Dong Yang , Song Jiaxuan , Fan Dazhao , Ji Song , Lei Rong
Published: April 2023

In the field of geoinformation science, multiview, image-based 3D city modeling has developed rapidly, and image depth estimation is an important step in it. To address the problems of the poor adaptability of training models of existing neural network methods and the long reconstruction time of traditional geometric methods, we propose a general depth estimation method for fast 3D city modeling that combines prior knowledge and information propagation. First, the original image is downsampled and input into the neural network to predict the initial depth value. Then, depth plane fitting and joint optimization are combined with the superpixel information and the superpixel optimized depth value is upsampled to the original resolution. Finally, the depth information propagation is checked pixel-by-pixel to obtain the final depth estimate. Experiments were conducted using multiple image datasets taken from actual indoor and outdoor scenes. Our method was compared and analyzed with a variety of existing widely used methods. The experimental results show that our method maintains high reconstruction accuracy and a fast reconstruction speed, and it achieves better performance. This paper offers a framework to integrate neural networks and traditional geometric methods, which provide a new approach for obtaining geographic information and fast 3D city modeling.
Enzymatic Debridement in Geriatric Burn Patients—A Reliable Option for Selective Eschar Removal
Authors: Tapking Christian , Rontoyanni Victoria G. , Diehm Yannick F. , Strübing Felix , Solimani Farzan , Bigdeli Amir K. , Hundeshagen Gabriel , Fischer Sebastian , Kneser Ulrich , Siegwart Laura C.
Published: April 2023

The treatment of geriatric burn patients represents a major challenge in burn care. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of enzymatic debridement (ED) in geriatric burn patients. Adult patients who received ED for treatment of mixed pattern and full thickness burns (August 2017–October 2022) were included in this study and grouped in the younger (18–65 years) and geriatric (≥65 years) groups. Primary outcome was a necessity of surgery subsequent to ED. Both groups (patient characteristics, surgical and non-surgical treatment) were compared. Multiple logistic and linear regression models were used to identify the effect of age on the outcomes. A total of 169 patients were included (younger group: 135 patients, geriatric group: 34 patients). The burn size as indicated by %TBSA (24.2 ± 20.4% vs. 26.8 ± 17.1%, p = 0.499) was similar in both groups. The ASA (2.5 ± 1.1 vs. 3.4 ± 1.1, p < 0.001) and ABSI scores (6.1 ± 2.8 vs. 8.6 ± 2.3, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the geriatric group. The %TBSA treated with ED (5.4 ± 5.0% vs. 4.4 ± 4.3%, p = 0.245) were similar in both groups. The necessity of additional surgical interventions (63.0 % vs. 58.8 %, p = 0.763) and the wound size debrided and grafted (2.9 ± 3.5% vs. 2.2 ± 2.1%; p = 0.301) were similar in both groups. Regression models yielded that age did not have an effect on efficacy of ED. We showed that ED is reliable and safe to use in geriatric patients. Age did not have a significant influence on the surgical outcomes of ED. In both groups, the size of the grafted area was reduced and, in many patients, surgery was avoided completely.
Chronic Urticaria Treatment with Omalizumab—Verification of NLR, PLR, SIRI and SII as Biomarkers and Predictors of Treatment Efficacy
Authors: Tarkowski Bartłomiej , Ławniczak Julia , Tomaszewska Katarzyna , Kurowski Marcin , Zalewska-Janowska Anna
Published: April 2023

Biomarkers that are able to predict the response to omalizumab (OMA) in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) are highly valued. The aim of our study was to evaluate the UAS7 (urticaria activity score assessed for 7 days), DLQI (dermatology life quality index), SII (systemic immune-inflammation index), SIRI (systemic inflammation response index), PLR (platelet/lymphocyte ratio) and NLR (neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio) in a group of 46 CSU a patients treated for 24 weeks with OMA (300 mg every 4 weeks). There were no statistically significant differences observed at the start nor at the end of the treatment between the two groups (responders vs. non-responders) and SII, SIRI, PLR and NLR. However, a statistically significant correlation was observed between severity of urticaria expressed in UAS7 scores and the quality of life (evaluated by DLQI). Furthermore, at week 24, both groups demonstrated significant improvement in quality of life. Our single center study did not confirm the usefulness of SII, SIRI, NLR or PLR as predictors of the response to OMA in CSU. However, it is of importance that even patients who did not respond to the treatment presented a significant improvement in quality of life. Additionally, we also observed that the efficacy of treatment was unchanged amongst patients who underwent a second series of treatment in cases of relapse.
Application of an Interpretable Machine Learning for Estimating Severity of Graves’ Orbitopathy Based on Initial Finding
Authors: Lee Seunghyun , Yu Jaeyong , Kim Yuri , Kim Myungjin , Lew Helen
Published: April 2023

(1) Background: We constructed scores for moderate-to-severe and muscle-predominant types of Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) risk prediction based on initial ophthalmic findings. (2) Methods: 400 patients diagnosed with GO and followed up at both endocrinology and ophthalmology clinics with at least 6 months of follow-up. The Score for Moderate-to-Severe type of GO risk Prediction (SMSGOP) and the Score for Muscle-predominant type of GO risk Prediction (SMGOP) were constructed using the machine learning-based automatic clinical score generation algorithm. (3) Results: 55.3% were classified as mild type and 44.8% were classified as moderate-to-severe type. In the moderate-to-severe type group, 32.3% and 12.5% were classified as fat-predominant and muscle-predominant type, respectively. SMSGOP included age, central diplopia, thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin, modified NOSPECS classification, clinical activity score and ratio of the inferior rectus muscle cross-sectional area to total orbit in initial examination. SMGOP included age, central diplopia, amount of eye deviation, serum FT4 level and the interval between diagnosis of GD and GO in initial examination. Scores ≥46 and ≥49 had predictive value, respectively. (4) Conclusions: This is the first study to analyze factors in initial findings that can predict the severity of GO and to construct scores for risk prediction for Korean. We set the predictive scores using initial findings.
Molecular Understanding of ACE-2 and HLA-Conferred Differential Susceptibility to COVID-19: Host-Directed Insights Opening New Windows in COVID-19 Therapeutics
Authors: Haq Ihtisham Ul , Krukiewicz Katarzyna , Tayyab Hamnah , Khan Imran , Khan Mehtab , Yahya Galal , Cavalu Simona
Published: April 2023

The genetic variants of HLAs (human leukocyte antigens) play a crucial role in the virus–host interaction and pathology of COVID-19. The genetic variants of HLAs not only influence T cell immune responses but also B cell immune responses by presenting a variety of peptide fragments of invading pathogens. Peptide cocktail vaccines produced by using various conserved HLA-A2 epitopes provoke substantial specific CD8+ T cell responses in experimental animals. The HLA profiles vary among individuals and trigger different T cell-mediated immune responses in COVID-19 infections. Those with HLA-C*01 and HLA-B*44 are highly susceptible to the disease. However, HLA-A*02:01, HLA-DR*03:01, and HLA-Cw*15:02 alleles show resistance to SARS infection. Understanding the genetic association of HLA with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity is important because it can help in studying the transmission of COVID-19 and its physiopathogenesis. The HLA-C*01 and B*44 allele pathways can be studied to gain insight into disease transmission and physiopathogenesis. Therefore, integrating HLA testing is suggested in the ongoing pandemic, which will help in the rapid identification of highly susceptible populations worldwide and possibly acclimate vaccine development. Therefore, understanding the correlation between HLA and SARS-CoV-2 is critical in opening new insights into COVID-19 therapeutics, based on previous studies conducted.
Is Revascularization the Treatment of Choice for Traumatized Necrotic Immature Teeth? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Swaikat Mohamad , Faus-Matoses Ignacio , Zubizarreta-Macho Álvaro , Ashkar Israa , Faus-Matoses Vicente , Bellot-Arcís Carlos , Iranzo-Cortés José Enrique , Montiel-Company José María
Published: April 2023

Regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) has been considered a reliable procedure to treat immature necrotic teeth; however, the effect of dental trauma on the prognosis of RET is questionable. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the current level of evidence for revascularization techniques (the RET) in the management of traumatized necrotic immature permanent teeth with or without periapical radiolucent areas. Four electronic databases—PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase—were searched until November 2022. Only randomized clinical trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies with a minimum of 10 cases and 12 months of follow-ups were included. The search identified 363 preliminary results. After discarding the duplicates and screening the titles, abstracts, and full texts, 13 articles were considered eligible. The results showed that RET techniques seemed to have high survival and success rates, 93.8% and 88.3%, respectively, in the treatment of traumatized necrotic immature permanent teeth. Root maturation with RET techniques seemed to be lower in traumatized teeth. Future studies are needed to evaluate root maturation in traumatized teeth using 3-dimensional radiographic evaluations. In addition, the lack of literature on the studies comparing RET and apexification (calcium hydroxide or an MTA) in the treatment of traumatized necrotic immature teeth highlights the necessity for high-level clinical studies comparing these treatment modalities.
Decompression with or without Fusion for Lumbar Synovial Cysts—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Benato Alberto , Menna Grazia , Rapisarda Alessandro , Polli Filippo Maria , D’Ercole Manuela , Izzo Alessandro , D’Alessandris Quintino Giorgio , Montano Nicola
Published: April 2023

The management of symptomatic lumbar synovial cysts (LSC) is still a matter of debate. Previous systematic reviews did not stratify data according to different treatment techniques or incompletely reported comparative data on patients treated with lumbar posterior decompression (LPD) and lumbar decompression and fusion (LDF). The aim of our study was to compare LPD and LDF via a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing literature. The design of this study was in accordance with the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The review questions were as follows: among patients suffering from symptomatic lumbar synovial cysts (population) and treated with either posterior lumbar decompression or posterior decompression with fusion (intervention), who gets the best results (outcome), in terms of cyst recurrence, reoperation rates, and improvement of postoperative symptoms (comparison)? The search of the literature yielded a total of 1218 results. Duplicate records were then removed (n = 589). A total of 598 articles were screened, and 587 records were excluded via title and abstract screening; 11 studies were found to be relevant to our research question and were assessed for eligibility. Upon full-text review, 5 were excluded because they failed to report any parameter separately for both LPD and LDF. Finally, 6 studies for a total of 657 patients meeting the criteria stated above were included in the present investigation. Our analysis showed that LDF is associated with better results in terms of lower postoperative back pain and cyst recurrence compared with LPD. No differences were found in reoperation rates and complication rates between the two techniques. The impact of minimally invasive decompression techniques on the different outcomes in LSC should be assessed in the future and compared with instrumentation techniques.