bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SKILLS ACQUISITION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME OF NYSC FOR ECONOMY RECOVERY AND SUSTAINABILITY IN OYO STATE
Authors: OLUWASEUN CHRISTOPHER OWOJORI  , MORUFU ALARABA AKANJI  , MICHELLE ODUH
Published: December 2024

This paper investigated the impacts of the Skills Acquisition and Entrepreneurial Development Program (SAED) of the National Youth Service Corp Scheme, particularly in the Oyo State on economic growth and development of the State emanating from emerging micro, small and medium enterprises. This is necessary in light of the fourth objective of the National Youth Service Corp which is to enable Nigerian youths to develop the spirit of self-reliance by encouraging them to develop skills for self-employment, job and wealth creation, and economy recovery and sustainability. Current corp-members enrolled in the SAED programme in Oyo State of Nigeria were surveyed through a descriptive qualitative and quantitative research design involving Questionnaire Administration (QA) across five (5) Local Government Areas in Ogbomoso of Oyo State. Data generated was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The paper was used to verify the program's level of participation, the state of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), Entrepreneurship Education (EE) and Sustainability Knowledge (SK) before, during, and after the SAED training. The paper concluded that the trained corp-members' entrepreneurial activities have positive impacts on economic growth and development across Ogbomosoland. The findings allowed researchers to make recommendations that will be practical for policy reform in line with contemporary circumstances in respect of capacity building on skills acquisition and entrepreneurship development, development of small and medium-scale businesses, and credit facility accessibility for corp-members and youths in Ogbomosoland.
COMMUNICATION CHANNELS EMPLOYED BY CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY PROFESSIONALS IN GOMBE METROPOLIS NIGERIA
Authors: RAYMOND Daniel  , IBRAHIM Idris  , AUWAL Umar  , IBRAHIM Iliyasu  , MAMMAN Mathew
Published: December 2024

The research focused on the evaluation of communication channels employed by construction industry professionals in Gombe metropolis Nigeria. The following question was articulated for this paper: What are the various communication channels employed by construction industry professionals and several literatures were reviewed to arrive at the identified communication channels designed for data collection. The study used an accessible population of ten construction firms, sample frame and size of 100 and 80 respectively. A total of 80 questionnaires were distributed and 71 were retrieved. Convenience sampling method was used and data collected were presented in tables and were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 23 version. The study found that a site review meetings is the most important channel of communication through which information can be passed across to professionals and inexperience in interpreting drawings and other technical aspects of construction work. The study recommends that site review meetings, general meetings and formal communication be employed as channels of communication when carrying out construction work. The study recommends that experienced professionals should always take the responsibility of interpreting drawings and the execution of other technical aspect of the construction work for the realization and delivery of quality projects.
EFFECTS OF LAND DEGRADATION ON SUSTAINABILITY OF MOUNTAINOUS SETTLEMENTS IN PERI-URBAN IBADAN, NIGERIA
Authors: ADEWOYIN, ISMAIL BIMPE  , FALEGAN, ABAYOMI VINCENT  , AJIJOLA, SAUDAT OLUWAKEMI  , ADEDIRAN, ADESOLA FREDRICK  , ADEDIRE, FUNMILAYO MOKUNFAYO
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the effects of land degradation on the sustainability of mountainous settlements in the peri-urban areas of Eleyele, Adetokun, Alafara, and Ologuneru in Ibadan. The research aims to assess how environmental changes impact the quality of life and overall sustainability in these regions. Methodologically, a structured survey was administered to a sample of 346 residents across these settlements, with a high response rate of 325 completed surveys, resulting in an effective response rate of 94%. The survey sought to capture residents' perceptions of their living conditions, the impact of land degradation, and the general sustainability of their environment. The findings reveal that a significant majority, 87.6%, of respondents expressed satisfaction with their living conditions in the study area, indicating a positive perception despite challenges. Conversely, 22.4% of respondents reported dissatisfaction, highlighting areas for improvement. The study identified several key issues related to land degradation. The hilly terrain in these areas is notably prone to flooding, which can exacerbate the effects of land degradation and increase the vulnerability of the settlements. However, these regions also benefit from certain environmental advantages, such as reduced exposure to heat waves compared to lower-lying areas. This can contribute to a more comfortable living environment and partially offset some of the adverse impacts associated with land degradation. In conclusion, while land degradation in Eleyele, Adetokun, Alafara, and Ologuneru presents challenges, including susceptibility to flooding, residents generally maintain a positive outlook on their living conditions. The lower incidence of heat waves in these mountainous areas offers some relief. Addressing the impacts of land degradation through targeted interventions can enhance sustainability and improve overall resident satisfaction.
WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN CONSTRUCTION FIRMS: A CASE STUDY OF TRIACTA NIGERIA LTD IN BAUCHI, NIGERIA
Authors: EBENEHI IBRAHIM YAKUBU  , SHUAIBU NURU MAMMAN  , BALTEH MOHAMMED  , BELLO KABIR  , ADAJI ADEJOH AHMODU  , IBRAHIM IDRIS  , KYAKFO FAVOUR UMARU
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the impact of construction firms' waste management practices. It focuses on Triacta Nigeria Ltd in Bauchi. The study utilised a survey research design and collected data from 84 permanent staff members to understand their perceptions and experiences related to waste management practices. The findings reveal that significant types of construction waste generated include demolition materials, excavated earth, and unused materials. While certain recycling techniques exist, their efficiency varies, emphasising the need for improved policy enforcement, trash segregation procedures, and staff training. Key challenges identified include resistance to change, logistical complexities, inadequate infrastructure, and high costs, all of which hinder effective recycling adoption. Based on these findings, the study recommends improving policy implementation, enhancing training programmes, and investing in infrastructure to optimize waste management and promote organisational sustainability. This study offers important insights for stakeholders aiming to improve construction waste management practices.
THE ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE IN THE TRANS AMADI INDUSTRIAL LAYOUT AREA IN RIVERS STATE
Authors: NWOBUOKE-FRANK BEAUTY CHINGARUM  , JOSHUA CHUKWUEMMEKA EMEGHAI  , OYEBUKOLA SIMEON ADEBAYO  , ADEPOJU IBRAHIM ADEYINK  , MUHAMMAD ALLAHTOSIN OLANIYI  , OHIWASOLA MATTHEW OLORUNTOBI
Published: December 2024

The relationship of man with the environment is necessarily symbiotic; the equilibrium between the two must be maintained at all cost. This study has been conducted to elaborate on the environmental and socioeconomic impacts that result from industrial hazardous waste due to indiscriminate dumping of waste. Trans Amadi industrial area was chosen as the study area and follows its waste from the resource generator up to the dumping of waste. The research followed many ways of collecting data and information to assess the impacts of industrial waste on the environment, which results in a series of harmful problems. The negative impact of environmental pollution accumulates and appears as a serious problem after many years if not properly managed, causing natural resources degradation such as surface and groundwater pollution, soil degradation due to accumulation of chemicals such (as zinc and manganese) and waste on surface and loss of vegetation cover. This also leads to air pollution, which increases respiratory disease in the area. Consequently, it results in human health deterioration and a decrease in income.
GUIDANCE COUNSELLOR’S STRATEGIC ROLES AND SCHOLASTIC ADJUSTMENT OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN RIVERS-EAST SENATORIAL DISTRICT, RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: CHRISTIANA A. OSARO
Published: December 2024

This study investigated guidance counsellor’s strategic roles and scholastic adjustment of senior secondary school students in Rivers-East Senatorial District, Rivers State, Nigeria. The study adopted correlational research design. The study was guided by three research questions and three null hypotheses. The population of the study consisted of 82,649 public senior secondary school students in the area. The sample size was 400 senior secondary school students which was adopted through the use of simple random sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire, titled: “Guidance Counsellor’s Strategic Roles Questionnaire’’ (GCSRQ) and Scholastic Adjustment Scale (SAS)”. The instruments were validated by experts in department of Educational Psychology, Guidance and Counselling. The reliability of the instrument was determined through test re-test reliability method which a reliability index of r=0.73 for (GCSRQ) and r=0.72 for (SAS).  Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was used to answer the research questions and test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that there was a positively strong correlation between guidance counsellors assessment role, guidance counsellors career-guidance role, guidance counsellors emotional support role and scholastic adjustment of senior secondary school students in Rivers-East Senatorial District, Rivers State. It further revealed that there was significant relationship between guidance counsellors assessment role, guidance counsellors career-guidance role, guidance counsellors emotional support role and scholastic adjustment of senior secondary school students in Rivers-East Senatorial District, Rivers State. It was recommended among others that the; Government in collaboration with the Counselling Association of Nigeria (CASSON) should set-up counselling centres at all secondary schools in Rivers-East Senatorial District to help combat adjustment challenges of students.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS AND TEXTS ANXIETY ON PERFORMANCE OF ECONOMICS STUDENTS IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: DR. SALIHU ABDULLAHI GALLE  , DR. BALA, SANI ABDULLAHI  , KANA, AMINU ISYAKU
Published: December 2024

The study investigated the relationship between stress and texts anxiety on performance of Economics students in Kano State, Nigeria. Two research questions with its corresponding hypotheses guided the study.  A correlational research design was adopted. Population of all 7,333 students offering Economics from 17 public secondary school in Kano State, Nigeria, and 365 students offering Economics were as a sample size of the study. Stress Questionnaire (SQ) and Anxiety Questionnaire (AQ) was used as instruments anchored on five pints Likert scale. SQ and AQ were validated which gave 0.77, 075 validity indexes and 0.77 and 0.76 reliability indexes. The SQ and AQ ware administered and data collected was analyse using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) to answer the research questions while regression analysis   was used to test the hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significant. Finding revealed that here is significant relationship between stress and students' academic performance in Economics and there is significant relationship between test anxiety and students' academic performance in Economics. the study recommended that, schools should enhance students' academic performance by addressing factors like teaching quality, study environments, and socio-economic challenges, offering counseling services, mentorship programs, and innovative teaching methods.
INNOVATIVE EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR AFRICA
Authors: MOHAMMED AHMED JIBRIN  , U.V. OYINVWI  , AKWADEN JOSHUA IBRAHIM
Published: December 2024

Africa faces considerable challenges in providing quality education to all citizens, a situation worsened by the digital divide, which limits access to modern learning tools. Many communities, especially in rural areas, lack adequate infrastructure, such as internet connectivity and electricity, preventing equitable access to educational resources. Additionally, underfunded schools, a shortage of trained teachers, and socio-economic disparities further undermine efforts to deliver effective education. However, the rise of educational technology (EdTech) offers a promising solution. Digital platforms, mobile learning tools, and low-cost educational devices can transform how education is accessed, delivered, and experienced across the continent. These technologies enable remote learning and provide opportunities for personalized education, overcoming traditional barriers like inadequate classrooms and physical materials. This paper explores how innovative EdTech solutions are helping to bridge the digital divide in Africa. Successful case studies, such as mobile learning programs and internet-enabled schools, illustrate how technology can enhance educational outcomes in underserved areas. However, widespread adoption of these solutions faces several barriers, including lack of infrastructure, high costs, and limited digital literacy. To overcome these obstacles, the paper proposes strategies such as improving digital infrastructure, fostering public-private partnerships, and integrating technology into education policies. By leveraging technology for education, African countries can promote sustainable development and achieve inclusive growth, ensuring all citizens benefit from the digital revolution in learning. This approach is crucial for preparing Africa’s youth for a globalized economy and future challenges.
PSYCHOSOCIAL VARIABLES AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG STUDENTS WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT IN JUNIOR SPECIAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: DIODEMISE PRECIOUS ONOME  , HOLYDOM TORBARI SANIKPEGE
Published: December 2024

This study investigated psychosocial variables and academic performance among students with hearing impairment in junior special secondary schools in Rivers State. The study adopted correlational research design. The study was guided by six research questions and six null hypotheses. The population of the study comprised three hundred and seventy-two (372) students with hearing impairment in the area. The sample size was 92 students with hearing impairment. The convenience sampling technique was used for the study. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire, titled: “Psychosocial Variables and Academic Performance Questionnaire’’ (PSVAPQ)”. The reliability of the instrument was determined through test re-test reliability method which yielded a reliability index of r=0.86 for depression subscale, r=0.79 for stress subscale, r=0.75 for self-concept subscale, r=0.80 for interpersonal relationship subscale, r=0.75 for social support subscale, r=0.74 for peer pressure subscale and r=0.82 for academic performance scale. Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was used to answer research questions and test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed there was a positively strong correlation between depression, depression, stress, self-concept, interpersonal relationship, social support, peer pressure and academic performance among students with hearing impairment in junior secondary special schools in Rivers State. It was recommended among others that; teachers, peers and families should be encouraged to provide avenue for social support to students with hearing impairment through social clubs, meetings, field trips and class activities.
INVESTMENT RISKS AND SUSTAINABILITY OF OCCUPATIONAL PENSION FUND ASSET IN NIGERIA
Authors: EPETIMEHIN FESTUS MOBOLUWAJI  , ADEYEMO DAMOLA LUKMAN  , ADEBAYO OLUWASEUN AKOREDE  , ABIIBA RAPHAEL ADESHAKIN
Published: December 2024

Investment of occupational pension fund assets was intended to enhance retirement savings account balances of the employees. There have been growing concerns about the need to address the sustainability challenge of occupational pension fund assets in Nigeria. The study investigated the effect of investment risks on occupational pension fund assets in Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive research design, using correlation and multiple regression analysis to analyze the data extracted from the distributed questionnaires. Taken investment risks proxy by (Purchasing power risk (PPR); market risk (MAR); interest rate risk (IRR); and business risk (BUR) as the set of independent variables, while occupational pension fund assets (PFA) are taken as the dependent variable. Population of the study comprised the risk management and compliance personnel of PFAs in Nigeria while the sample size comprised One hundred selected employees through purposive sampling technique. Ninety five (95) copies of returned questionnaire were analysed for the study. The findings of the study revealed that the set of independent variable (IRR) and (BUR) have significant effects on the dependent variable (PFA) with the coefficient (0.416 & 0.691) and associated probability (0.000 & 0.000) respectively. Also, set of independent variables (PPR) and (MAR) have effects but not significant on dependent variable (PFA) with coefficient (0.133 & 0.044) and associated probability (0.086 & 0.414) respectively. The study concludes that Investment Risks such as Purchasing power risk and Market risk significantly effects sustainability of pension fund assets in Nigeria. It also concludes that Investment Risks such as Interest rate risk and Business risk has effects but not significant on sustainability of pension fund assets in Nigeria. The study recommends that investment risks needs careful consideration when planning investment of pension fund assets in Nigeria.
WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTING GOING CONCERN
Authors: MONDAY OLADE, IZEVBEKHAI  , AFEIDIA KOFI IWEOKHAI
Published: December 2024

The study evaluated working capital management and accounting going concern of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The objective of the study was to investigate whether cash conversion cycle, current ratio, payable days and inventory days have significant effect on accounting going concern of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The secondary source of data collection was adopted in the study where the purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample size of forty-four (44) listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria for the study. Least Square regression analysis was used in this study and the findings revealed that cash conversion cycle, current ratio, payable days and inventory days have significant effect on accounting going concern of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study concluded that working capital is a life giving force for any productive economic activity and therefore, its management is categorized among the highly important functions of corporate management. Finally, it was recommended that optimal cash conversion cycle with respect to working capital, liquidity, and trade credits for firms based on sectorial analysis should be developed to enhance their performance of firms in Nigeria.
HOMOTOPY PERTURBATION ANALYSIS ON RADIATIVE MHD CONVECTIVE TIME DEPENDENT Fe3Cl2 NANO FLUID ON A VERTICAL PLATE
Authors: MUSA, ALEX  , WARIBOKO, B. G.
Published: December 2024

An analysis is performed to study the influence of radiation on time dependent   nano fluid on a vertical plate. The flow is assumed to be finitely conductive two-dimensional MHD, in the vertical direction. The governing equations were transformed, using the nondimensional parameters and transformational variable to partial differential equations. A semi analytical method of Homotopy perturbation was applied in the computations. Numerical results reveal that, an increase in the Hartmann’s number lead to a decrease in the velocity profile. Also, it is observed that, there is a decrease in temperature profile of the fluid in the presence of radiation.
A REVIEW OF MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES APPLICATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Authors: EGWU L.S.  , ENAYABA, O.F.  , AJIBOYE, A.A.  , DAMOYE T  , OGUNDEJI, I. S.  , AGBAMS P.
Published: December 2024

Advances in Machine Learning (ML) and Data Science (DS) hold immense potential to transform various aspects of environmental science (ES). DS, a broad field focused on extracting insights from data using techniques like statistical analysis plays a crucial role in this process. Machine learning, on the other hand, specializes in creating algorithms that enable computers to learn from data and make predictions. Together, these technologies can deepen our understanding of complex environmental systems, refine predictive models for climate change, support conservation efforts, and optimize resource management practices. Such scientific discovery will enhance ES to make autonomous, real-time decisions by deriving valuable insights from extensive data.  By analysing large datasets, machine learning algorithms can reveal hidden patterns and insights, empowering scientists to make data-driven decisions and tackle environmental challenges more effectively. This article offers a review of the fundamental concepts of Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Data Analytics for two groups: individuals familiar with ML who seek to expand their knowledge, and domain scientists passionate about integrating these transformative tools into their research in the environmental science profession.
FLOOD HAZARD ESTIMATION AND EVALUATION IN LAGOS STATE USING MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES
Authors: CONFIDENCE ADIMCHI CHINONYEREM  , IYENOMA KELVIN OGHOGHO  , ABRAHAM TEMILADE OLUMIDE  , SEGUN BAMIDELE  , ADENIYI IBRAHIM KAYODE  , FAVOUR ENAYABA
Published: December 2024

Floods threaten human life, infrastructure, and economic stability in Lagos State, Nigeria. Accurate flood hazard estimation is crucial for effective flood risk management and mitigation. This study employs machine learning techniques to estimate flood hazards in Lagos State. A dataset comprising historical flood events, meteorological factors (rainfall, temperature, humidity), topographical features (elevation, slope, land cover), and socioeconomic variables (population density, urbanization) is compiled. Feature selection and engineering techniques are applied to optimize model performance. Flooding is the most frequent and destructive natural catastrophe that may happen anywhere in the globe. The frequency and severity of flooding events have increased worldwide in recent years due to climate change and human activity. Flooding has caused widespread death and devastation of property, farms, and vegetation in several emerging Nigeria, including Lagos State, and has forced the relocation of many more. Flooding has been Lagos State’s most common natural disaster during the last decade. Modern machine learning methods have shown great promise for improving flood Estimation and Evaluation. The optimum machine learning algorithm for flood Estimation and Evaluation is debated. To reduce the harm caused by floods, finding better ways to anticipate their occurrence is crucial. This paper initially applied 4 machine learning algorithms (Support Vector Machine SVM, Classification and Regression Trees CART, K-Nearest Neighbors KNN, and 4. Generalized Linear Model Network GLMNET) on the default dataset. The results reveal fair accuracy (over 60%) and kappa values (< 0.4). The same ML algorithms were again applied to the transformed dataset using the Boxcox transformation technique; the accuracy and kappa values improved but not significantly. Finally, Models for predicting floods were implemented using 3 different ensemble algorithms: Bagged CART (Bootstrap Aggregating BAG), Random Forest (RF), and Stochastic Gradient Boosting ( Gradient Boosting Machine GBM). Compared to the other three models, the performance of RF (Area Under the Curve AUC = 0.93) and BAG (AUC = 0.92) indicated superior accuracy.
COMPARATIVE RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF CRANES AND FORKLIFTS USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK-BASED MODELS
Authors: OBI NADU EMMANUEL  , NWOSU HAROLD UGOCHUKWU  , SHADRACK MATHEW UZOMA  , EZENDIOKWERE NNAMDI EMMANUEL
Published: December 2024

Artificial neural network-based models were developed for assessing the reliability of two types of machinery: cranes and forklifts. This was done to be able to predict the operating conditions of the machinery. It entails the ability to predict the functional days of the machinery without failures and the exact days on which they would experience failure given a number of input variables. The input variables considered in these models were an easy-start variable, hours run per day and cumulative time between failure, while the output variable was failure potential for a given day. The output variable assesses whether the machinery would fail on a given working day or not. Hence, the input data variables for cranes were obtained from Hyster RS45-27 CH and Konecranes Liftace TFC 45 97-2002, while forklift input data was from Hyster H6.00XL. The data was gotten from machines which were found in a Lagos seaport. The neural network models were later developed, trained, tested and validated using MATLAB. From the results, the PRN-LMA models for both crane and forklifts gave the highest prediction accuracy.
IMPACT OF TRADITIONAL CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES OF NDIEZE AND UMUADA ON SECURITY IN NGWA CLAN IN ABIA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: OBIAGELI BRIDGET OGBONNA  , EUGENE T. ALIEGBA  , DR. ABDULLAHI MOHAMMED ABDUL
Published: December 2024

In spite of conflict management strategies adopted by Ndieze and Umuada in Ngwa clan to manage conflicts such as land disputes, inheritance and inter-family quarrels in Ngwa clan are still grossly understudied. Even when the variables were examined, they were not linked to security of people in Ngwa clan. The study examined the conflict management strategies of the Ndieze and Umuada in Ngwa Clan and its relevance security in Abia State, Nigeria. The study was anchored on the structural-functional theory in order to understand the Ndieze and Umuada as structures of Ngwa clan and how their functions whether manifest or latent affect security in the clan. The population of the study was 1,911,900 comprising of population of Ndieze, Umuada and residents of Isiala Ngwa North, Isiala Ngwa South, Osisioma Ngwa, Aba North, Aba South, Obingwa and Ugwunagbo , which are Ngwa settlements. The sample size is 400 determined using Taro Yamane formula. Data were collected using 5-Point Likert Questionnaire and interview guide. While data from questionnaire were analysed using frequency distribution, mean and percentages, data from interview were analysed using thematic content analysis. Finding from the study showed that there is significant relationship between conflict management strategies of the Ndieze and Umuada and relevance for security in Ngwa clan. It was recommended that due to the significant relationship between conflict management strategies of the Ndieze and Umuada and relevance for security in Ngwa clan, conflict management strategies such as banishment, naming and shaming of individuals that committed offence, payment of fines, ex-communication, among others should be largely used by Ndieze and Umuada in ensuring the protection of lives and properties in Ngwa clan. This is because if the individuals who committed crimes are note named and shamed or punished, the level of disputes in the clan would increase with its attendant adverse impact on security in the clan.
Trust Dynamics in the Digital Economy: Ethical AI and Data Governance Frameworks
Authors:   Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Shah Syed
Published: December 2024

This study presents a fuzzy logic framework for modelling trust dynamics and ethical decision-making in artificial intelligence (AI) systems within the digital economy. The research investigates how trust, a crucial component of AI adoption, evolves based on adherence to ethical principles, such as privacy, fairness, and transparency. A fuzzy rule-based system was developed to quantify trust as a dynamic, context-dependent variable, rather than a binary concept. The model incorporates fuzzy membership functions for key ethical dimensions, with privacy, fairness, and transparency being treated as fuzzy variables. The study further analyzes how varying adherence levels to these ethical principles impact the overall trust score of AI systems.

The results show that trust increases incrementally based on an AI system’s ethical behaviour. High adherence to privacy, fairness, and transparency results in higher trust scores, with privacy being the most influential factor. A sensitivity analysis demonstrates that reduced privacy significantly lowers trust, indicating the importance of data governance in AI trust dynamics. The fuzzy logic framework effectively models trust as a continuum, addressing the complexities of ethical decision-making in AI systems. This approach allows for adaptable, context-aware ethical decision-making, emphasizing the importance of privacy in data governance and providing practical insights for developers, policymakers, and organizations aiming to build trustworthy AI systems. Future research could integrate machine learning to dynamically adjust ethical dimensions, further refining the trust model.
Una perspectiva multianalítica acerca del proceso productivo de una serie de marcos dorados: "Los Gobernadores del Reino de Chile"
Authors: Chiostergi Picchio Sara , Espinosa Ipinza Fernanda , Aguayo Alvarado Tomás
Published: December 2024

Las superficies doradas son un acabado especial dentro del ámbito de la policromía, en particular por los elementos metálicos presentes. Se realizó un estudio acerca de ellas en cinco marcos de la serie Los Gobernadores del Reino de Chile, para conocer aspectos de la técnica de realización y los materiales utilizados. Mediante la comparación y complementación de análisis no invasivos e invasivos, se pudo observar la aplicación de técnicas de dorado y distintos materiales en las zonas de los marcos. Esto abrió la posibilidad de proponer una batería secuencial de métodos de análisis aplicable a la investigación de este tipo de obras, lo que permite optimizar la cantidad y tratamiento de las muestras recogidas. A pesar de que no existen antecedentes acerca de la producción de estos marcos, los resultados de los análisis permitieron inferir la posibilidad de que hayan sido fabricados en serie, aplicando de forma manual los estratos dorados.
Multi-branch Collaboration Based Person Re-identification
Authors: Yin Shoulin , Laghari Asif Ali
Published: December 2024

As computer vision algorithms have advanced rapidly, the widespread deployment of video surveillance systems has enhanced traffic safety and propelled the growth of intelligent highway systems. However, the intricate nature of real-world scenarios, particularly the presence of occlusions, introduces noise that can cause the loss of critical feature information for identified individuals or objects. This poses significant challenges to current person re-identification algorithms. In response, this study introduces an innovative person re-identification approach that leverages a hybrid network architecture. The method performs feature extraction across four collaborative branches: a local branch, a global branch, a global contrast pooling branch, and an associative branch. This comprehensive approach yields a robust and diverse representation of person features, addressing the limitations posed by occlusion and noise in the environment. The neural network presented in this study is versatile and can be integrated with various backbone architectures. Empirical evaluations demonstrate that our proposed algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art techniques, while deep ablation studies substantiate the efficacy of the network’s design. This suggests that the architecture contributes significantly to the performance gains observed.
Territorio marítimo uruguayo: soberanía, naturaleza y recursos
Authors: de Santa Ana Héctor
Published: December 2024

En esta obra se presenta una síntesis actualizada del conocimiento sobre el territorio marítimo uruguayo, abordando temas diversos que recorren la historia y el derecho, el ambiente físico y biológico, los recursos naturales y su potencial de desarrollo, y una discusión sobre los desafíos y perspectivas que presenta su administración, conservación y aprovechamiento. Está dirigida a un amplio público, que incluye a estudiantes universitarios de grado y posgrado, a profesionales y técnicos que investigan y se desenvuelven en el sector marino, y a tomadores de decisión públicos y privados. Recoge la contribución de investigadores y profesionales pertenecientes a diversas disciplinas, con amplia trayectoria en los temas abordados en el ámbito académico, público y empresarial. El libro está organizado en cuatro secciones temáticas que contienen capítulos sobre áreas de conocimiento específicas. En la primera parte, «Identidad y soberanía», se desarrolla una síntesis sobre la historia, la jurisdicción y el derecho centrados en el espacio geográfico definido en el libro como territorio marítimo uruguayo: su mar territorial y su zona económica exclusiva, más allá de las 200 millas náuticas, así como se describen los trabajos que llevaron a la extensión de la plataforma continental aprobada por las Naciones Unidas. La segunda parte, «Naturaleza», sintetiza buena parte del conocimiento sobre la geomorfología, la geología y la oceanografía física y biológica, así como el ambiente y la biodiversidad marina en este territorio. En la tercera parte, «Recursos», se aborda el potencial del subsuelo y el lecho marino para el petróleo y el gas, los hidratos de gas y los minerales marinos, el desarrollo de recursos marinos renovables y los recursos marinos pesqueros, actuales y potenciales, en el lecho y la columna de agua. La cuarta parte, «Desafíos y oportunidades», comprende el análisis y la discusión sobre el desarrollo y la planificación del territorio marítimo desde la perspectiva de la ingeniería marítima, del sector marítimo y la navegación, de la gestión ambiental de los usos y actividades, de la planificación espacial marina y del rol de este territorio en la transición energética.
ECOLOGICAL SECURITY IN THE BROADER CONTEXT LEVEL OF GLOBAL PROCESSES
Authors:   Security Research Center, Nikole Pasica 60, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Simic Slobodan
Published: December 2024

Environmental destruction is undoubtedly becoming a challenging issue for
current and future global processes. Based on the analytical approach in the field of
science and scientific disciplines that are correlated with environmental safety, it can
be seen that this problem is fateful for the future of civilization.
Knowledge of causes of endangerment and the cause-and-effect relationship with the
consequences have so far indicated the spread and strengthening of environmental
crises, but recent events in natural and socio-humanistic environment sygnificantly
indicate an increase in these crises. This alarmingly point to the need for reaction from
individuals as well as institutions, organizations and assosiations at various levels. The
logaritmic increase in environmental degradation indicates the need to increase
environmental awereness in many convergent directions emphasizing the need for an
ecological culture of valuation.
Factors that deepen the environmental crisis are determined through the evaluation of
the current state of environmental safety and design for the future. Establishing the
factors that most cause negative environmental tendencies indicates the need to direct
different activities in order to reduce them to an optimal extent. Contorversies,
paradoxes, discourses in this area indicate the need to provide scientific and
professional opinions. The paper aims to explain how intensified the interactions of
individual causes that directly and indirectly affect environmental security at the
global, regional and local levels.
THE STRENGTH OF RESILIENT CITIES AND THEIR CHALLENGES
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Security Studies, Gospodara Vucica 50, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Gacic Jasmina
Published: December 2024

The city is a complex and dynamic system which is constantly growing and
evolving. A large number of dangers with catastrophic consequences that have befallen
cities around the world, significantly disrupt this development. At the same time, they
contribute to a modern approach to resilience planning and have become a priority for
city administrations, planners, managers, architects, designers, sociologists,
environmentalists and international organizations advocating for a new resilience
agenda. Anticipating and planning the resilience of cities is a demanding process and
involves assessing the vulnerable components of cities, understanding the key
processes, procedures and interactions that affect these components. Urbanization and
growing megacities point to the need for more resilient cities that have the capacity to
withstand shocks to population growth, global economic crises, rapid population
demographic changes, and environmental disasters. In such circumstances, cities must
dedicate themselves not only to efforts to develop their own resilience capacities, but
also to cooperation with neighboring cities, countries and regions in facing new
challenges.
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF IMPORTANCE FOR THE DEFENSE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Authors:   Human Resources Sector Ministry of defence, Beograd, Republic of Serbia, Eric Slađana
Published: December 2024

Critical infrastructure has received a well-deserved place as a subject of
study within the corpus of security sciences, primarily from the aspect of national
security protection, but also from the aspect of state defense. In this context, states take
the first steps in identifying critical infrastructure sectors, and then, within each sector,
they approach the determination of systems and facilities whose disruption has far-
reaching consequences for national security, and above all, the ability to defend the
country in conditions of emergency and war. Critical infrastructure as an important
state resource dictates the necessity of undertaking measures and activities that, by
deterring and protecting against attacks, will serve to ensure the uninterrupted
operation of vital sectors in order to supply citizens, state authorities, the military and
all legal entities with dedicated services and goods.
The work is dedicated to the presentation of the definition of critical infrastructure at
the national level, the arrangement of critical infrastructure in the defense system, as
well as the measures taken to protect and improve the sustainability of the system in
crisis situations and situations when the highest preparedness measures are taken.
RESCUING FROM THE RUINS
Authors:   Higher Education Technical School of Professional Studies, Skolska 1, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia, Babic Branko
Published: December 2024

The process of forming specialist rescue teams from ruins started in 2009 as
a part of the Emergency services sector of the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of
Serbia. The teams were formed with the help of the Directorate for Civil Protection of
the Ministry of the Interior and Territorial Communities of the Republic of France,
whose members also trained the members of the fire-rescue units and the Gendarmerie.
Specialist teams are trained so that their members who work in fire-rescue units, in
addition to their regular duties, provide a quick and adequate response in case of this
type of emergency. This type of organization avoids the duplication of personnel,
reduces expenses, rationalizes resources, and provides well-coordinated, professional
teams that act quickly and efficiently. This paper deals with the systems of saving the
survivors from the ruins (height and depth).
FUTURE TRENDS IMPACT ON REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA CIVIL PROTECTION
Authors:   Security Research Center, Street Sinise Mijatovica 9, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Maksimovic Goran
Published: December 2024

Contemporary security trends are such that threats, both from natural and
other hazards, are very certain, constant, and increasingly frequent. The opening of
certain crisis hotspots, such as in Ukraine, also requires the reconfiguration of certain
protection and rescue systems and adaptation to the resulting situation. The protection
of civilians from various acts of war that affect them directly or indirectly, through the
lack of fuel, food, water, and other necessities, is one of the priorities of modern
protection and rescue systems. Stories about the possible use of nuclear assets moved
forward the re-considering of some questions related to the shelters, stockpiles,
decontamination, and similar measures that have been somewhat marginalized over
the past period. This paper aims to point out the difference between civil defense and
civil protection and to highlight the need for a broader concept and a return to civil
defense in the context of contemporary threats.
SECURITY IMPLICATIONS OF MODERN WEAPONRY DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   University of Defense, Military Academy, Veljka Lukica Kurjaka 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Komazec Nenad ,   General Staff of the Serbian Armed Forces, Directorate for Development and Equipping J5, Technical Test Center, Center for Testing Weapons and Military Equipment, Nikinci, Republic of Serbia, Jankovic Katarina
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the impact of modern military technology applied in
weaponry on societal security. The focus is on contemporary weaponry, including
autonomous systems, hypersonic missiles, cyber weapons, and others, as well as their
potential consequences on international relations and military doctrines. It analyzes
how these technological advancements affect deterrence strategies, increasing the risk
of conflict escalation and complicating arms control efforts. Special emphasis is placed
on the ethical and legal dilemmas accompanying the use of new technologies in armed
conflicts. The paper provides an overview of the most significant risks and offers
recommendations to mitigate the negative effects of modern weapon development on
societal security.
CONCEPTS OF COMBATING SECURITY CHALLENGES IN THE LOCAL COMMUNITY
Authors:   Ministry of the Interior – Zvornik Police Department, Svetog Save nn, Zvornik, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Erkic Drazan ,   Ministry of Defense of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Armed Forces of Bosnia and Hercegovina, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Baljak Miroslav
Published: December 2024

The local community as a place where people live and exercise their rights
and interests is full of various security challenges and threats that endanger its values.
Through various measures and activities, the local self-government, together with other
supplementary security entities, as well as the police, strives to create a safe
environment that is necessary for development and prosperity. Various forms of
criminal activity, socio-pathological phenomena that prevail in the local community
are a serious threat to the security and development of society. Modern society has
brought with it modern security challenges and threats that also reflect on the local
community. Citizens in the local community will constantly insist on the highest
possible level of security, pointing not only to criminal behavior, but also to all other
factors that make their local community unsafe. Aware of this fact, the people who lead
and manage local communities establish adequate concepts for confronting security
challenges in the local community. Those concepts are nothing more than the
prevention of socially negative behavior, i.e. crime, theory of defensible space, as well
as situational crime prevention. In connection with the above, this paper aims to point
out the security challenges in the local community, as well as the consequences they
entail. Also, this paper will show the concepts of confronting security challenges in the
local community, as well as the role of the police and other supplementary security
entities in protecting social values and building a safe environment that is the basis for
a better and better quality of life for citizens.
SIMULATIONS AND THE QUALITY OF MILITARY EDUCATION
Authors:   University of Defense, Military Academy, Veljka Lukica Kurjaka 33, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Komazec Nenad ,   University of Defense in Belgrade , Military Academy, Veljka Lukica Kurjaka 33,
Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Milic Aleksandar ,   University of Defence in Belgrade, Military Academy, Veljka Lukica-Kurjaka 33,
Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, Petrovic Aleksandar
Published: December 2024

Education is a key activity in the development of society. According to the
needs of the development of modern society, education evolves and requires adaptation,
improvement and innovation. Key features of modern education are cost and quality.
It is imperative to reduce costs and at the same time increase quality. A modern tool,
based on information and communication technologies, which enables the increase in
the quality of the educational process and the reduction of costs, are simulations. The
essence of simulations, in addition to reducing costs, is the acquisition of knowledge
and skills, using improvised platforms, with as realistic a picture of reality as possible.
In addition to economic elements, simulations require active engagement of all
participants in the teaching process, activation of ideas and problem solving. Such an
approach leads to constant improvement of the simulations themselves, work methods,
knowledge and the entire education process. The paper discusses the application of
simulations in the educational process, from the aspect of improving and acquiring new
knowledge and determining existing ones. Although still an under-researched area,
there is a solid number of works that point to the importance of simulations in the
educational process. By analyzing the existing literature, the authors conclude about
the degree of development of simulations and their applicability in the educational
process, point to the educational capacity of simulations and the need for their
development in all areas of social life. Considering the wide range of different views of
the authors on simulations, the authors have carefully analyzed the literature, with the
aim of proving the applicability and usability of simulations, while respecting the
evidence of the existence of shortcomings. In the conclusion, an overview is given of
the need for further study of simulations in the function of innovation and improvement
of the education process.