bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of methods for state regulation of prices and costs of the health care system for medicines in the United Kingdom
Authors: Leshkevich A. A. , Yurochkin D. S. , Golant Z. M. , Narkevich I. A.
Published: April 2022

Objective: analysis of state regulation of prices and costs for the purchase of medicines (drugs) in the United Kingdom (UK), and proposal development to improve the processes of state regulation of manufacturers’ marginal registered prices of medicines included in the list of vital and essential drugs approved in the Russian Federation.

Material and methods. Analysis of the structure of state regulation of prices and costs for the procurement of drugs was carried out based on information contained in the regulatory legal documents of the UK Government, health services and technical regulation, and data provided in systematic reviews and articles.

Results. A key feature of regulation in the UK is maximizing the efficiency of health care costs based on the principles of digitization, long-term planning and health technology assessment in pricing. Government regulation of costs is focused on the patent-protected drug segment. Providers of such medicines fall under the Voluntary or Statutory Scheme and are required to make payments in the form of a fixed percentage of sales to the Department of Health and Social Care. Certain drug segments are exempt from payments to stimulate innovative development of the pharmaceutical industry and accelerate market access for new therapies. As practice shows, the Voluntary Scheme is more profitable for most companies. Regulation in the segment of reproduced drugs is carried out by free-market mechanisms and the antimonopoly service.

Conclusion. The analysis revealed the mechanisms and key features of the methods of state regulation of prices and costs of the health care system for the procurement of drugs, identified best practices that are promising for adaptation to improve the state regulation of prices in the Russian Federation.
Frailty and senile apathy in the everyday clinical practice in the conditions of COVID-19
Authors: Veselova Daria К. , Belopasov Vladimir V.
Published: April 2022

The article covers the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic criteria of frailty and senile apathy in the elderly. Special attention is paid to sarcopenia: the phenotypic classification and modern approaches to the treatment are discussed. The knowledge and understanding of the main pathogenetic links of sarcopenia, frailty and senile apathy, as well as the development of a single therapeutic line for these pathological conditions can significantly improve the life quality and expectancy of the elderly.
Aging and “rejuvenation” of resident stem cells — a new way to active longevity?
Authors: Baklaushev Vladimir P. , Samoilova Ekaterina M. , Kalsin Vladimir A. , Yusubalieva Gaukhar M.
Published: April 2022

This review presents the current data on the methodology for assessing the biological and epigenetic age, describes the concept of the epigenetic clock, and characterizes the main types of resident stem cells and the specifics of their aging. It has been shown that age-related changes in organs and tissues, as well as age-related diseases, are largely due to the aging of resident stem cells. The latter represent an attractive target for cell rejuvenation, as they can be isolated, cultured ex vivo, modified, and re-introduced into the resident niches. Two main methodologies for the cellular rejuvenation are presented: genetic reprogramming with zeroing the age of a cell using transient expression of transcription factors, and various approaches to epigenetic rejuvenation. The close relationship between aging, regeneration, and oncogenesis, and between these factors and the functioning of resident stem cell niches requires further precision studies, which, we are sure, can result in the creation of an effective anti-aging strategy and prolongation of human active life.
Toxic desomorphine encephalopathy due to the use of “Krokodil”: clinical and neuroimaging features
Authors: Nartov Sergey E. , Parkhomenko Ekaterina V. , Ekusheva Evgenia V. , Karpov Denis Yu.
Published: April 2022

Background: Toxic desomorphine encephalopathy (TDE) is a pathological condition that develops as a result of the intravenous use of a drug called Krokodil containing desomorphine, made in the artisanal conditions using codeine-containing drugs, organic solvents (gasoline), iodine and red phosphorus. This disease is more often observed in the CIS countries. In addition to the acute and chronic pathological conditions with the damage to various organs, the use of Krokodil is characterized by pronounced extrapyramidal manifestations in the form of dystonia, parkinsonism, postural disorders, as well as the occurrence of cognitive and affective disorders.
Aims: To find the clinical and neuroimaging features of toxic desomorphine encephalopathy, as well as possible methods of its treatment.
Methods: A clinical analysis of the medical documentation of 21 TDE patients (11 women and 10 men) with a history of the use of Krokodil was carried out, the patients had been under observation from 2014 to 2021. All the patients underwent a clinical physical and neurological examination, 14 of them underwent neuroimaging (brain MRI and/or MSCT). The observation of these patients revealed a number of characteristic clinical and neuroimaging features inherent in the majority of drug addicts.
Results: The clinical picture of patients with TDE was dominated by movement disorders. All the patients had pronounced postural disorders and gait disturbance. Parkinsonism was observed in 20 of 21 patients. The hyperkinetic syndrome was presented in 17 patients (80.9%) and was manifested by dystonia of various localization with polymorphic manifestations. The brain MRI data taken from the Krokodil users for 3 years were characterized by symmetrical focal changes in the basal ganglia, brainstem, cerebellum and internal capsule of the thalamus in the form of an increase in the intensity of the MR signal in the T1 mode and attenuation in the T2-weighted images mode (7 of 11 cases), with the subsequent regression of these characteristics based on the results of the subsequent MRI studies.
Conclusion: The study results have revealed the clinical manifestations characteristic of TDE polymorphic extrapyramidal disorders, as well as neuroimaging changes reflecting these data.
Entina HearSmart: a novel mobile based auditory training app for better adaptation of hearing aids
Authors: Navelkar Rohan S. , Shukla Radhika
Published: April 2022

Background: The most common intervention prescribed for hearing impaired individuals is hearing aids. It has been noticed that in spite of using hearing aids, elderly individuals with hearing impairment, still struggle in hearing and understanding. Therefore, additional intervention is required for auditory rehabilitation to ease the adaptation of hearing aids. Evidence from studies published in the recent years suggests that, auditory training is likely a useful tool to improve speech perception and other cognitive skills in patients with hearing loss with and without the use of hearing aids. The aim of the study was to test the usefulness of our mobile app-based auditory training program to increase speech reception and communication and thereby improve hearing aid adaptability in patients with sensorineural hearing loss who have been fitted with a hearing aid.

Methods: 40 patients were selected for the study, they were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 consisted of 20 patients who received auditory training using Entina HearSmart Android App, Group 2 consisted of 20 patients who received no auditory training (Control group).

Results: The results showed that performance on the vowel, consonant and sentence tests in noise was significantly increased in patients who used our app for auditory training compared with that of the Non-Training Group.

Conclusions: Entina HearSmart is a free, standardized and easy way to improve the outcome of hearing aids in adults and must be prescribed when a hearing aid has been fitted. When used sincerely after hearing aids have been fitted, using our app can significantly improve communication and thereby improve hearing aid adaptability.
Sinusoidal Gaussian optical vortex as a superposition of two hypergeometric beams
Authors:   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Kotlyar V.V. ,   Samara National Research University, Kovalev A.A. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University
Published: April 2022

We analyze the propagation of hypergeometric beams with a parabolic initial wavefront in a homogeneous medium. While hypergeomentric beams have a central amplitude singularity in the initial plane and are of infinite energy, superposition of two such beams has no singularity and is of finite energy. A particular case of such a superposition we study in detail is a sinusoidal Gaussian beam with a unit topological charge. This beam belongs to the class of elegant laser beams since it is described by the same complex-argument function both in the initial plane and in the Fresnel diffraction zone. The diameter of the first light ring of the sinusoidal Gaussian beam is almost independent of the Gaussian beam waist radius.
Reconstruction of stable states of spiral vortex beams
Authors:   Physics and Technology Institute (Academic Unit) of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Volyar A.V. , Abramochkin E.G. ,   Lebedev Physical Institute, Akimova Y.E. ,   Physics and Technology Institute (Academic Unit) of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Bretsko M.V. ,   Physics and Technology Institute (Academic Unit) of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Published: April 2022

Using an asymptotic approach and an experiment supported by computer simulation, we analyzed processes of restoring structural stability and transitions to new stable states of spiral vortex beams subject to perturbations by curly apertures. Using a tetragonal beam as an example, we considered three perturbation scenarios: 1) asymmetric perturbation, when an opaque screen covers the caustic only on one side of the square, 2) symmetric perturbation, when the curly aperture covers the entire beam except for a narrow caustic region, and 3) symmetric perturbation, when the curly aperture screens only a narrow region of the caustic without affecting the rest of the beam. At the same time, the asymptotic calculation was carried out for all types of polygonal beams. It was shown that if the curly aperture did not destroy the caustic region of the spiral beam, it was able to self-heal in the far diffraction zone. If the perturbation even locally destroyed a part of the caustics, then the perturbed beam passed into a new stable state through chains of creation and annihilation of optical vortices (dislocation reactions).
Epidemiology, risk factors, species distribution, and antifungal susceptibility of candidemia among hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Authors: Kamali Sarvestani Hasti , Mahmoudi Shahram , Afarinesh Khaki Pegah , Ansari Saham , Ghaderkhani Sara , Roostaei Davoud , Daei Ghazvini Roshanak , Hashemi Seyed Jamal , Rafat Zahra , Abollahi Alireza
Published: April 2022

Background and Purpose: The pandemic of COVID-19 has caused a worldwide health crisis. Candidemia is a potentially lethal condition that has not yet been enough discussed in patients with COVID‐ 19. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of candidemia among Iranian COVID‐ 19 patients and characterize its causative agents and the antifungal susceptibility pattern.
Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional survey was carried out from March 2020 to March 2021 at Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Blood specimens were obtained from patients with confirmed coronavirus infection who also had criteria for candidemia and were examined for any Candida species by conventional and molecular techniques. Susceptibility of isolates to amphotericin B, voriconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, caspofungin, and 5-flucytosine was tested using the CLSI broth dilution technique.
Results: In total, 153 patients with COVID-19 were included and candidemia was confirmed in 12 (7.8 %) of them. The majority of patients were ≥ 50 years of age (n=9) and female (n=8). Moreover, 6 out of the 12 patients were diabetic. The presence of central venous catheters, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, ICU admission, andmechanical ventilation was observed in all patients. The C. albicans (n=7, 58.3 %) and C. dubliniensis (n=2, 16.7%) were the most common isolated species. Amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine were the most active drugs. Despite antifungal treatment, 4 out of 12 patients (33.3 %) died.
Conclusion: Due to the high mortality, the early diagnosis and proper treatment of candidemia are essential requirements for optimal clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
Effect of Allium cepa loaded polyacrylonitrile and polyvinyl pyrrolidone nanofibers on Candida albicans growth and the expression of CDR1 and CDR2 genes
Authors: Nademi Azam , Shams-Ghahfarokhi Masoomeh , Razzaghi-Abyaneh Mehdi
Published: April 2022

Background and Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effect of Allium cepa ethanolic extract (ACE) loaded polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibers on Candida albicans (C. albicans) CDR1 and CDR2 genes expression.
Materials and Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ACE against C. albicans ATCC 10231 and clinical fluconazole (FLC)-resistant C. albicans PFCC 93-902 were determined using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) protocol (M27-Ed4) at a concentration range of 45.3-5800 µg/ml. The nanofibers containing ACE (60 wt%) were fabricated using the electrospinning technique. The expression of the CDR1 and CDR2 genes was studied in the fungus exposed to ACE loaded nanofibers and 0.5×MIC concentration of FLC using the real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Results: MIC50 and MIC90 of ACE against FLC-resistant C. albicans were 725 and 1450/mL, respectively. The expression of CDR1 (4.5-fold) and CDR2 (6.3-fold) were down-regulated after the exposure of FLC-resistant C. albicans to ACE-loaded nanofibers (P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression of CDR1 (2.8-fold) and CDR2 (3.2- fold) were up-regulated in FLC-treated C. albicans (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results revealed that nanofibers containing ACE interact with drug resistant genes expressed in C. albicans. Further studies are recommended to investigate the mode of action and other biological activities of ACE-loaded nanofibers against C. albicans and other pathogenic fungi.
Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis related to occupational roofing: A case report of two brothers
Authors: Gnoni Martin , McCann Timothy , Riva-Moscoso Adrian , S. Príncipe-Meneses Fortunato , Chambergo-Michilot Diego
Published: April 2022

Background and Purpose: Histoplasma capsulatum is the cause of a prevalent fungal disease in certain regions in the United States of America, like Ohio and the Mississippi River. Its clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic to life-threatening diseases,according to the immune system. A definitive diagnosis is made by biopsy.
Case report: Two middle-aged brothers presented with a nine-day history of severe progressive dyspnea. Both were living in Cincinnati, Ohio, and encountered bird droppings 7 days prior to symptoms while working on a roofing project. It should be mentioned that they were not wearing masks. After extensive testing, they were diagnosed with acute pulmonary histoplasmosis. Both were successfully treated with azole-derivative fungal therapy.
Conclusion: This is the first case of histoplasmosis acquired through occupational exposure related to roofing and is unique given the two patients were siblings.
GastroClinicopathologic Characteristics of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors and Prognostic Importance of Ki-67 Labeling Index: May be a New Prognostic Marker
Authors: FINDIK Sıddıka , KANYILMAZ Gül
Published: April 2022

Objective: The biological behavior of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) varies widely and it is diffucult to predict their malignant potential with the current risk classification criterias. Therefore, we aimed to analyse the prognostic importance of Ki-67 LI for estimating survival outcomes in patients with GISTs.

Methods: For the last 11 years, between 2006 and 2017, who had been treated after surgery were included. A single pathologist re-defined the histologic examples of all cases retrospectively.

Results: Totally, 104 patients were included in the study. The median follow-up time was 73 months (range; 6 to 148 months). Seven of the 104 patients (7%) had local recurrence, 26 of the 104 patients (25%) had distant metastases and 11 of the 104 patients (11%) died during the follow-up period. The mean OS was 133 (range; 124 to 141) and the mean DFS was 117 (range; 107 to 127) months for patients. The disease progression or recurrence during follow up and increasing age were the significant prognostic factors for OS. Mitotic count, growth pattern, tumor location and Ki-67 LI were the significant prognostic factors for DFS. According to multivariate analyses, the Ki-67 LI was the only prognostic factor for estimating disease progression or recurrence (p=0.04).

Conclusion: The most important prognostic factors that affect OS were the age and disease progression or recurrence of disease. Ki-67 LI was the only prognostic factor for estimating disease progression or recurrence. As the follow-up period increases, we think that Ki-67 LI also will affect overall survival.
The Effects of Cryopreserved Human Amniotic Membrane and Platelet-Rich Plasma on Seroma Development after Mastectomy and Axillary Dissection in Rats
Authors: GÖMEÇ Muhammed , ÖZKARACA Mustafa
Published: April 2022

Aim: Seroma is one of the most common complications after mastectomy and axillary dissection. It occurs as a result of prolongation of the exudative-inflammatory phase of wound healing. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of human amniotic membrane (HAM) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on seroma formation.
Material and Methods: A total of 24 rats were grouped as control, PRP, and HAM groups. All rats underwent radical mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection. Saline in the control group, PRP in the second group, and HAM in the third group were applied to the dissection area. The groups were compared in terms of the condition of the surgical field, seroma volume, and histopathological changes.
Results: Seroma volume decreased in the PRP group, but not in the HAM group. Lymphocyte, eosinophil, histiocyte, and fibroblast levels were significantly lower both in the PRP and HAM groups compared to the control group. E-cadherin and TGF-β1 immunoreactivities of PRP and HAM groups were higher than in the control group.
Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that PRP and cryopreserved HAM increased tissue healing and decreased the inflammatory process. However, although local PRP application significantly reduced seroma formation, it was determined that HAM application did not reduce seroma formation. It was thought that this might be due to the fact that the smooth surface of HAM mechanically prevents the adhesion of the tissues. More beneficial results will be obtained with the modification to be made in the preparation and application of HAM.
An Abnormality of Medial Plantar Nerve: A Rare Case Report
Authors: KARİP Burak , ÖZTÜRK KÖSE Özlem
Published: April 2022

There are not many articles about the anatomical knowledge of the variable conditions of the sole of the foot, but normally knowledge of this area is essential for surgeries such as reconstructive or peripheral nerve compression syndrome. In this region, medial plantar nerve (nervus plantaris medialis) innervates the abductor and flexor muscles of the thumb. In addition, there is a region where receives the skin sensation in the foot. When it is damaged or exposed to pressure by any muscle due to an abnormal course, it can’t stimulate the relevant muscles and the person may experience numbness and loss of muscle function on the sole of the foot. During a routine cadaver dissection, an abnormal course of nervus plantaris medialis was observed on the left side of a male cadaver. In this case, we presented the abnormal course of some branches of medial plantar nerve and discussed the clinical significance.
Globalna kriza in etika solidarnosti
Authors: Rošker Jana
Published: April 2022

Globalne krize, h kakršnim sodi tudi pandemija korona virusa, ki povzroča smrtonosno virozo COVID-19, nikoli niso zgolj enoznačen ali enodimenzionalen problem, ki bi ga bilo možno reševati zgolj z medicinskimi, biološkimi in imunološkimi ukrepi. Za učinkovito zajezitev epidemij velikih razsežnosti je vsekakor pomembna tudi družbena etika, ne zgolj v pogledu triaže in podobnih etičnih dilem, temveč tudi v pogledu družbenih etik, ki sodijo k zgodovinsko vzpostavljenim modelom medčloveških interakcij v določeni skupnosti. Pri zajezitvi epidemij je namreč pomembna tudi stopnja ponotranjenja vrednot medčloveške solidarnosti in kooperacije s strani večine posamezni/c določene skupnosti. Etični modeli, ki prevladujejo v posamičnih družbah, so idejnozgodovinsko in kulturno pogojeni. Zato nam lahko transkulturne študije nudijo dragocene vpoglede v notranji ustroj različnih tipov tovrstnih modelov. Kot primer tovrstnega modela pričujoči članek kritično predstavi in analizira model tradicionalne konfucijanske relacionalistične etike oziroma etike vlog, ki nam lahko služi kot ena od osnov za izdelavo novih strategij v soočanju s trenutno in možnimi bodočimi pandemijami.
Mathematical Model for Simulation Implementation of Functioning of Air Defense System of a Naval Surface Force
Authors: Voronov E.M. , Repkin A.L. , Khromov Ph.M. , Timofeev D.A. , Geraskin A.Yu.
Published: April 2022

The article considers the stages of the logical-time cyclogram of detection and maintenance of groups of controlled objects by means of the air defense system of a naval surface force. An algorithm for forming arrays of detected objects is implemented, taking into account the impulse volume, the coverage sector to accompany all detected objects and other configuration factors, considering probabilistic estimates of the detection of controlled objects. A mathematical model of the functioning of the naval surface force air defense system has been created, taking into account various parameters of active means affecting the groups of controlled objects, as well as taking into account firing strategies in the presence of network-centric control of the order of controlled objects. An algorithm for evaluating the results of fire counteraction of a network-centric group of controlled objects on the part of the air defense system of a naval surface force has been considered. A variant of the simulation implementation of the logical-time cyclogram of the operation of air defense system fire channels has been developed, and examples of the implementation of a logical-time cyclogram for an arbitrary composition of the air defense system are given, taking into account the strategic actions of active means of a naval surface force. Additional conditions for embedding the developed version of the algorithm of the air defense system logical-time cyclogram into the system for simulating the conflict interaction of systems are listed
Modeling Narrative Management in Socio-Economic Systems
Authors: Davtian A.G. , Shabalina O.A. , Sadovnikova N.P. , Parygin D.S.
Published: April 2022

The article considers approaches to modeling management process in socio-economic systems. A management model is proposed, in which goal-setting is considered as a dynamic process that forms the controlled development of a socio-economic system at all stages of its life cycle. Goal achievement is understood as the activity of management process participants for achieving a given general goal in a dynamically formed goal space. Management is modeled as a trade-off between goal setting and goal achievement, the ultimate goal of which is ensuring the existence of the system and the fulfillment of its mission, assigned by the system environment. The fulfillment of the system mission in the context of its continuous interaction with the environment requires continuous collecting and processing data on the current state of the system and its environment, constant monitoring, analysing information flows as information carriers necessary for making prompt and informed management decisions. Socio-economic systems having computing resources that ensure the management of information flows are considered as cyber-social systems. The management process in socio-economic systems is considered in terms of narrative practice, therefore, within the framework of the narrative management model, human behavior as a subject and object of management in a socio-economic system is not modeled fundamentally. Mathematical models allowing formalization and reasonable interpretation in terms of a real simulated system are proposed to support the management stages. The architecture of the software package for supporting narrative management is given, in which the proposed models are implemented
Features of the reactive oxygen species production by platelets and neutrophils in the formation of an insufficient response to acetylsalicylic acid in patients with coronary heart disease after coronary bypass surgery
Authors: Goncharov M. D. , Grinshtein Yu. I. , Savchenko A. A.
Published: April 2022

Background. Aspirin resistance can lead to thrombosis. Platelets interact with neutrophils in the focus of atherosclerotic damage. The levels of synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) characterize their functional potential. Platelet resistance to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) can affect the synthesis of ROS.

Objective. To reveal the features of ROS synthesis by platelets and neutrophils in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) depending on sensitivity to ASA and antiplatelet therapy.

Design and methods. There were 104 patients with CHD and 36 healthy donors. Patients stopped receiving antiplatelet agents 5 days before CABG, ASA was prescribed after surgery, patients on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAT) clopidogrel were added to ASA for 2–3 days. Resistance to ASA was determined at a level of platelet aggregation with arachidonic acid ≥ 20 %. The ROS synthesis levels were examined by the chemiluminescent method (CL).

Results. 31.7 % of patients were resistant to ASA (rASA). In ASA-sensitive patients (sASA), CL values were increased. In rASA on DAT, CL parameters were increased, but did not differ from sASA. In the sASA and rASA groups on ASA therapy, correlations between neutrophil and platelet CL parameters were revealed.

Conclusion. The presence or absence of interaction between platelets and neutrophils at the level of receptors and/or microvesicles can lead to platelet resistance to ASA in patients with coronary artery disease. Sometimes, this effect could be compensated by DAT.
Commotio cordis as cause of sudden cardiac death associated with chest trauma
Authors: Sokolova L. A. , Gorlova I. A. , Omelchenko M. Yu. , Bondarenko B. B.
Published: April 2022

The review describes a rarely occurring state of commotio cordis (CC) — ventricular fibrillation (VF), associated with unintentional blunt impact on the anterior thoracic wall in the absence of structural damage to the heart. The development of VF is based on the coincidence of the time of a closed breast trauma with a vulnerable period during early repolarization (the so-called "vulnerability window"). More often, death occurs instantly or in the coming minutes of a post-traumatic period. CC is more common in male adolescents and seems to be the second leading cause of sudden death in young athletes. It is possible to save the victim with cardiorespiratory resuscitation or defibrillation only in 25–28 % of cases. High mortality is explained by the fact that victims often do not have time to receive immediate medical care. It is necessary to inform the population, medical community and athletes about importance to avoid hitting the heart. As a preventive measure in some sports, chest protectors are used. Information about the potential danger of blows to the heart area should be provided to the attention of athletes involved, since even an unintentional mild blow can provoke a life-threatening arrhythmia. Having access to defibrillators at sporting events, teaching people to use them and to realize the cardio-pulmonary resuscitation measures can improve the survival of the CC victims.
Etika Menuntut Ilmu Dalam Kitab Ta’lim Muta’alim
Authors: Ruswandi Yusup , Wiyono Wiyono
Published: April 2022

As a religion, Islam was regulated every asfects of life including how a good learning ethic is, this can be found in the books written by Islamic scholars. Among the books dealing with the learning ethics are ‘Ta’lim almuta’alim’ written by Syaikh Burhanudin Az-Zarnuji. The study of this book has been done with the part on determines the subjek that will be studied, selecting teachers and making friends, the purpose of this study is to analyze about determines the subjek that will be studied, selecting teachers and making friends according to Syaik Burhanudin Az-Zarnuji. Research Methods are conducted with literature study research through a qualitative approach. Research show according to Syaik Burhanudin Az-Zarnuji that the most important knowledge is the Tawheed, and the next step is shariah, then after that the others. Thereafter a student should select a teacher who is knowledgeable, religiously and morally. Than in choosing friends should choose good friends who can motivate the spirit of learning.
KARAKTERISTIK KOMUNIKATOR YANG EFEKTIF DALAM KOMUNIKASI ANTAR PRIBADI
Authors: Hasmawati Fifi
Published: April 2022

The character of communicator is called by Aristotle as ethos. Ethos consists of good thoughts, good morals, and good intentions. Another term for ethos is credibility, which consists of two elements, namely expertise and trustworthiness. Another element is the attraction of the communicator and power. This paper contains the characteristics of communicators in interpersonal communication. The three characters mentioned above are the basic characters that must be fulfilled by communicators. However, this character still needs to be complemented by the importance of a Communication Control Pattern so that Interpersonal Communication can be effective.
Thematic groups of euphemisms with gradual semantics in Russian
Authors:   Moscow pedagogical state university, Morozova Olga A.
Published: April 2022

The changes taking place in modern society are naturally reflected in the language. The place of euphemistic substitu-tions has always played an important role in communication: "unpleasant" and "uncomfortable" designations of pro-cesses, objects or phenomena are replaced by more appropriate ones in each specific speech situation. Euphemisms are constantly used in politicians' speeches, analysts' speeches and descriptions of economic processes, announcing mili-tary actions or presenting innovative implementations. Household subjects, human physiology and anatomy are un-thinkable without the use of descriptive phrases and formal improvement of the designated object and phenomenon.The purpose of this study is to consider the spheres of human activity and identify the main thematic groups of the use of euphemistic substitutions. The article analyzes the main features of euphemisms and the presence of graded semantics in the studied language units. The research uses the methods of search and descriptive analysis, classification and analytical approach. The relevance of this study is due to the use of a large number of allegorical vocabulary in modern Russian and the need to distinguish euphemistic substitution from distortion of the meaning of the utterance. The article clarifies the definition of the concept of "euphemism", highlights the main thematic groups of euphe-misms, examines the spheres of use and dissemination of this linguistic phenomenon, examines the influence of eu-phemisms on the process of intercultural communication. The presence of a gradual component in the considered lin-guistic units [euphemisms] and the description of the gradation scale in euphemisms is established for different reasons; the subjective contextual nature of a specific linguistic fact is revealed and, based on illustrative material taken from the National Corpus of the Russian language, the existence of measuring relations between denotation and euphemis-tic substitution, between euphemisms of the same word used in different communicative situations and with different stylistic connotations is proved.
Depiction of referential situations in the evaluative semantics of Russian and English proverbs with the lexemes «nachalo» / «konets» and «beginning» / «ending» and their semantic representatives
Authors:   Kostroma state university, Ermakova Lyubov A. , Lavrova Svetlana Y. ,   Cherepovets state university
Published: April 2022

The article presents an analysis of referential situations in Russian and English proverbs with the semantics of ‘begin-ning’ and ‘ending’, extracted by the continuous sampling method from the lexicographic discourse of Russian and Eng-lish dictionaries. The object of the analysis is Russian and English proverbs with the lexemes "nachalo" / "konets" and "beginning" / "ending" and their semantic representatives. The subject of the analysis is referential situations that have received linguistic expression in the evaluative semantics of the paroemias under consideration, in which propositional meanings, assigned to such universal concepts of the naive picture of the world as “beginning” and “ending”, are re-vealed. The main goal of the study is a semantic-pragmatic analysis of evaluative paroemias with abstract nouns "nachalo" / "konets" and "beginning" / "ending", as well as their derivational and semantic representatives. Russian and English proverbs analyzed in the context of referential situations are considered as certain types of semantic state-ments. The results show that, as a rule, paroemias with the lexemes "nachalo" / "konets", "beginning" / "ending" and their semantic representatives reproduce a knowledge-warning, knowledge-advice or a knowledge-statement. The spec-ificity of the referential situations described in the utterances of both Russian and English paroemias with selected lex-emes and their semantic representatives classifies them into controlled – uncontrolled, specified – non-specified. It is noted that the concept of evaluation permeates almost all the proverbs of both languages, but the semantic form of its representation in different constructions is not the same. It is concluded that in the languages under study the speakers evaluate the same referential situations differently, taking into account the specifics of the national and cultural char-acteristics of the Russian and English languages.
The legacy of the European Romantics and the motif of a traveler in the night (A. S. Pushkin and M. Y. Lermontov)
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky, Philippovsky German Y.
Published: April 2022

This article examines European origins of Pushkin's and Lermontov's romantic motif 'wandering in the night' in the works of German and English Romantic poets. The image of the night as an «echo» of the day held an important place in the hierarchy of «universal empathy» in the Romanticist poetic thinking («the light also shines in the night», interpret-ing the biblical text: «and the light shines in darkness, and darkness has not embraced it» (John 1:5). In the famous works by Pushkin and Lermontov, «The Winter Road», «The Possessed», and «I Go Out Alone on the Road...», wander-ing in the night is immersed in an atmosphere of romantic dual reality. The motif of communication in poetic texts is by no means the property of our global communication age alone, but goes back to earlier eras: Antiquity (Homer's Odys-sey), the Middle Ages and the Renaissance (the poetry of Dante and Chaucer), Pre-Romanticism and Romanticism (the poetry of Goethe, Eicheldorf, and Hölderlin). Pushkin's later poem «The Wanderer» (1835) goes back to John Benja-min's poem «The Way of the Pilgrims» (1678). Pushkin's poetic quest of the 1830s turned to the motifs of Salvation and Light, the search for the Right Way (the image of a young man reading a book (the Bible) in «The Wanderer», showing the traveler the Right Way and the narrow gate of Salvation). Lermontov, in his famous nocturne «I go out alone on the road...» (1840s), creates an image of a traveler in the night, which is closely related to the tradition of the German Romantics: Goethe, Eichendorff, and Hölderlin. Pushkin's «night inquiries» in 1830 and 1835 texts, with refer-ences to John Benjamin's English poem and to the Lake School poets W. Wordsworth and R. Southey, are a striking proof of F. M. Dostoyevsky's thoughts on the «universal empathy» of our great poet.
Study of the level of need development for self-education in future FSIN students
Authors:   FSI “Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia”, Vologda, Zautorova Elvira V. , Kevlya Faina I. ,   Research Institute of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Moscow.
Published: April 2022

The concept of lifelong education in modern Russia is focused on significant expansion of the entire educational space, where the issues of self-education and self-development of the individual are paramount. The problem of developing the skills of student’s self-education in departmental organizations of higher education for the formation of a stable highly professional staff of the penal system is especially urgent, since self-education allows them to ensure the conscious development of professionally important personality traits. The aim of the study was to study the level of need for self-education among future employees in a departmental university. The tasks of the experimental work is diagnostics of the process of self-education of students and the study of ways and means of organizing the process of self-education in a departmental university. The study was based on the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education “Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia”. The study involved 10, 3-year students of the Faculty of Psychology; was used the questionnaire “The need for self-education” (by S. V. Yudakova), consisting of three parts: 1) it allows you to identify the ability of students to develop; 2) is aimed at identifying factors that stimulate and hinder the self-education of the subjects; 3) allows to identify the degree of proficiency in the skills of independent work by future specialists. The results of the survey revealed the following: 20 % of students scored more than 55 points and have a high desire and motivation for self-education. Most of the subjects – 50 % – scored from 36 to 54 points and showed an average level of desire for self-education. Three respondents – 30 % of students have a low level of development of the need for self-education. Thus, the results obtained made it possible to reveal that future employees of the penitentiary system have, predominantly, an average and low level of development of the need for self-education. Consequently, it is expedient to work on organizing the process of developing the need for self-development and self-education skills of students in a departmental educational organization of higher education.
Institutionalization of a united system of public power at the city level in the Russian Federation
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Popova Olga V.
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to an urgent scientific and practical problem of city management modern concept formation in a context of public authority modern norms implementation. In the Russian Federation, concept and practices of public authority have been developing since the early 1990s. They received their final legalization in the early 2020s. A system of self-government is turning into the “lower floor” of state power. This political decision carries both undoubted pluses and some minuses. As a prerequisite, it is assumed that the population influence will increase in the development of the city's development policy. It is expected not just to take into account the opinion of the citizens, but to recognize the preferences of the population as priority tasks for the activities of the authorities. The public policy of city management involves the implementation of the so-called norms of advanced development. These include: taking into account the real potential of the totality of material and social resources; orientation to the application of the most progressive, advanced methods of solving urgent problems to create favorable living conditions for citizens; use of authoritative public expertise of strategic decisions; professionalism of managers at the level of world standards; timely development and use of the best technologies for solving management problems; adequate and timely resolution of potential conflicts in the interaction of local authorities and citizens. Modern public policy of urban management is increasingly turning to the “smart city” concept. The practice of digitalization is now becoming its important component. However, now in Russia it is justified to talk about the introduction of public policy of managing a “smart city” only in relation to Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Kazan and Krasnoyarsk.
Artistic originality of the first translation and publication of I. Krylov's plays in China
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Jiang Pei
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the first translation of I. A. Krylov's plays in China, published in 2020. The translator is Li Chunyu, a lecturer at the Faculty of foreign languages of Xiamen University. This is the first book to introduce Chinese readers to Krylov as a playwright. As a fable writer he has long been well known in China, but his plays were translated for the first time by Li Chunyu, and he translated all 13 of Krylov's plays, including three unfinished ones. The article discusses some features of these translations, primarily the specifics of the title transformations, when the comic opera “The Coffee Lady” is translated as “The Soothsayer”, the comedy “Naughty Men” as “Chickens Fly and Dogs Jump”, the comedy “Pie” as “Chicken Cutlet”, and the most famous Krylov comedy “Lesson to Daughters” as “French Marquis” (the entire book is also called that). The article explains that the names of Krylov's plays were not changed accidentally, that the choice made by the translator is justified both by the peculiarities of the literary text perception by Chinese readers, and in terms of the history of Russian literature, when the title of Krylov's play “The French Marquis” (instead of “The lesson for daughters”), according to the translator, corresponds to the name of the famous comedy by N. V. Gogol “The Inspector General”. The article pays special attention to the analysis of the Golden Russia series of books, whose publication was launched in 2014 by the People's Publishing House (Zhenmin Chubanshe) of Sichuan province, edited by Wang Jianzhao, professor of the Institute of Foreign Literature at Beijing University of Foreign Languages, aimed at studying and publishing the best works of Russian culture for Chinese readers.
Formation of professional competences of the future teacher for evaluating students’ personal achievements
Authors:   Kyrgyz National University named after Zhusup Balasagyn, Raimkulova Azharbubu S. , Miynazarova Venera M. ,   Kyrgyz National University named after Zhusup Balasagyn
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of professional competencies of a future teacher in assessing personal achievements of students. The authors of the article reveal the content aspects of preparing a future teacher to evaluate students' personal achievements in the context of a competence-based approach. The directions in the preparation of the future teacher for the assessment of students' personal achievements are highlighted, such as: cognitive direction, providing future teachers with special knowledge about the variety of forms and methods of assessing students' personal achievements, the specifics of their application in the educational process, value-motivational direction, forming future teachers' positive motives and values in relation to the process of evaluating students' personal achievements, evaluative and effective direction, forming the practical skills of future teachers in assessing students' personal achievements. The substantiation of the system of assessment of students’ personal achievements is proposed, which should be built taking into account such principles as complexity, content, certainty, openness, objectivity, diagnostics, technology. Assessment methods such as observation, interviews, questionnaires, testing, knowledge of active-game diagnostic techniques and technologies, projective diagnostic techniques and technologies are considered. The advantages of using portfolio technology in solving the problem of the formation of professional competencies of a future teacher in assessing students’ personal achievements are revealed. The use of the portfolio is considered not only as a means of stimulating the motivation of a future teacher to study and the development of reflexive and evaluative skills of future specialists, but also as an optimal technology for the formation of professional competencies of a future teacher to evaluate students' personal achievements, such as the ability to manage students' educational and cognitive activities, the ability to analyze students' academic and personal achievements, the ability to identify gaps in students' knowledge and skills, the ability to inform about students' personal achievements, the ability to apply the classification of assessment methods to measure students' personal achievements and others.
Genesis of the regional-environmental approach in Russian historical and pedagogical science
Authors:   Vyatka State University, Pomelov Vladimir B.
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the article is to reveal the content of the regional-environmental approach and to characterize its genesis in the advanced Russian social thought and historical and pedagogical science. The definition of the approach is given and the process of its development over the past two and a half centuries is described in detail. The following scientific methods were used in the course of the study: diachronization (periodization), retrospective analysis, reconstruction of historical events, actualization and historical-typological, as well as axiological methodological approach, which allows to identify the value content of the subject under study. These scientific tools were implemented in the course of characterizing the views of leading Russian thinkers of the XVIII-XIX centuries (V. V. Krestinin, A. I. Herzen, N. A. Dobrolyubov, N. G. Chernyshevsky, N. H. Wessel, K. D. Ushinsky, D. D. Semenov, etc.) and twentieth-century scientists and educators (B. V. Vsesvyatsky, G. N. Volkov, A. I. Kondakov, etc.) on this issue. The article provides material on the activities of various organizations (provincial statistical committees, scientific archival commissions, etc.) and individuals — local historians, teachers and patrons of different eras (N. M. Meyer, P. K. Meyer, A. I. Veshtomov, T. T. Rapinov, V. I. Fedyaev, etc.), who contributed to the implementation of the regional-environmental approach in educational practice with their theoretical and practical deeds. The conclusion is made about the socio-political significance and scientific and pedagogical relevance of a consistent, scientifically formulated study of the regional-environmental approach in the theory and history of pedagogy. Permanent changes in the regional educational environment and society as a whole make it socially necessary and socially significant for pedagogic theorists to comprehend constantly the complex of problems related to regional educational topics and, in particular, to determine the role and disclosure of the content of the regional environmental approach in the history of education, including the present time.