bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REGULARITIES OF CHANGES AND PREDICTION OF MELTING POINTS AND THERMOELECTRIC FIGURE OF MERIT FOR THE COMPOUNDS Tl4BIVC3 AND Tl9BVC6 (BIV – Si, Ge, Sn, Pb; BV – P, As, Sb, Bi; C – S, Se, Te)
Authors: Peresh E.Yu. , Malakhovska T.O. , Barchii I.E. , Sidey V.I , Zubaka O.V , Kozma A.A.
Published: July 2021

The study is a continuation of the systematic investigation of the compounds which are the crystal chemical analogues of the Tl5Te3 structure, crystallizing in the tetragonal space groups I4/mcm or P4/ncc. The studies conducted by the staff of the Uzhhorod National University over the past decades have found that these compounds exhibit a number of physical properties that are promising for practical use in modern technology. The subject of this work was the relationship between some physicochemical properties of the ternary chalcogenide compounds, such as Tl4BIVC3 and Tl9BVC6 (where BIV = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb; BV = P, As, Sb, Bi; and C = S, Se, Te), and the average charge (Zave) of the compouns’ atomic nuclei. Some of the predicted values of the melting temperature presented in the work may correspond to the temperature of the peritectic (or other type) transformation, as the nature of the formation and properties of this type of compounds have not yet been studied.
For the first time, based on the results of collecting the literature data, detailed analysis and conclusions from them, the predicted melting temperature (Tm) values for 24 chalcogenide compounds of the Tl4BIVC3 (I) and Tl9BVC6 (II) compositions were established. There are five separate groups of the ternary chalcogenides of the both aforementioned types with a linear dependence of the changes in properties in the coordinates Tm – Zave, which include the analogues with both space groups, P4/ncc and I4/mcm. The limiting range of the Zave values of transformation of the above compounds from the space group P4/ncc to the I4/mcm one has been established; the defined range is within the Zave of ~60-62. The ternary compounds Tl9P(As,Sb,Bi)S6, Tl9P(As)Se6, Tl4Si(Ge,Sn,Pb)S3 and Tl4Si(Ge,Sn)Se3 belong to the space group P4/ncc, while the chalcogenides Tl9P(As,Sb,Bi)Te6, Tl9Sb(Bi)Se6, Tl4Si(Ge,Sn,Pb)S3 and Tl4PbSe3 belong to the space group I4/mcm. There is a clear tendency to increase the value of the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT for individual thio-, seleno- and tellurium-derived compounds at the substitution of the elements Si → Ge → Sn → Pb. Similar changes in the ZT values were also found for the vast majority of the type (II) compounds at the P → As → Sb → Bi transitions. The exceptions to this trend are thio-, selenium- and tellurium bismuth derivatives.
INTERACTION IN THE Ag6PS5I–Ag7GeS5I AND Ag7GeS5I–Ag7SiS5I SYSTEMS
Authors: Pogodin A.I. , Filep M.J. , Shender I.O , Kokhan O.P. , Studenyak I.P.
Published: July 2021

Argyrodites are a wide class of tetrahedrally close–packed ternary and quaternary compounds that have a large number of representatives. Argyrodite family compounds always include two types of cations: univalent (type A) and multivalent (type B). B type multivalent cations (3–5) are tetrahedrally coordinated by anions and form a rigid anionic framework, and the univalent A type cations are located in the cavities between them and have different occupancy of crystallographic positions (disordered sublattice). The most common are argyrodites based on four and five valence p–elements. Type A and B cations are subject to isomorphic substitution, which in combination with the proximity of the crystal lattice parameters causes a significant number of solid solutions between the compounds with the structure of argyrodite. These solid solutions are formed by both isovalent and heterovalent substitution, which is used to optimize the functional parameters of the studied materials. Argyrodite structure compounds can be used as optical, superionic, and thermoelectric materials. This work aims to study the physico–chemical interaction at isovalent Si4+↔Ge4+and heterovalent substitution of P5+↔Ge4+ within the Ag7SiS5I–Ag7GeS5I and Ag6PS5I–Ag7GeS5I systems. Several alloys in the Ag6PS5I–Ag7GeS5I and Ag7SiS5I – Ag7GeS5I systems were synthesized by a direct single–temperature method using the pre–synthesized quaternary argyrodites. The obtained samples were investigated by the methods of differential thermal (DTA), X–ray diffraction (XRD), and microstructural (MSA) analyses. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the Ag6PS5I–Ag7GeS5I section is partly quasi–binary due to the incongruent melting of Ag6PS5I. The liquidus of the system is formed by lines of primary crystallization of Ag2S and Ag7GeS5I crystals, which intersect at the point with coordinates: 6 mol. % Ag7GeS5I, 1009 K. The subsolidus part of the Ag6PS5I–Ag7GeS5I system is characterized by the formation of a continuous series of solid solutions. The phase diagram of the Ag7SiS5I–Ag7GeS5I system is characterized by unlimited solubility of components in liquid and solid phases. In the Ag6PS5I–Ag7GeS5I system a positive deviation from Vegard's law is observed.
LUMINESCENT DETERMINATION OF FAVIPIRAVIR USING THE EUROPIUM (III) COMPLEX
Authors: Scrypynets Yu.V. , Yegorova A.V , Leonenko І.І. , Voitiuk O.D.
Published: July 2021

Of particular interest in recent years is the possibility of analytical application not only of the effects of sensitizing the luminescence of lanthanide ions, but also its quenching or increase for the indirect determination of a number of drugs. Favipiravir (FAV) - 6-fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide - is an oral antiviral drug approved for the treatment of influenza in Japan. This drug is an analogue of purine nucleosides, which acts as a competitive inhibitor of RNA polymerase required for virus replication.

Favipiravir is capable of forming a complex compound with Eu(III) ions, in which due to intramolecular transfer of excitation energy from the organic ligand to the Eu(III) ion there is a very slight sensitized luminescence of the latter due to dissipation of excitation energy from the triplet level (24390 cm-1), which cannot be used for analytical purposes.

The influence of some surfactants and donor-active substances on the Ilum of the Eu(III) –FAV complex is considered. It was found that only batophenanthroline (BPh) significantly increases the luminescence intensity (Ilum) of the Eu(III)–FAV complex, approximately 10 times, due to more efficient intramolecular energy transfer from batophenanthroline (18100 cm-1) to the level of europium ions (17300 cm-1). A synergistic effect has been established, which is manifested in the combined action of two complexes (Eu(III)–BPh and Eu(III)–FAV) and exceeds the sum of the Ilum of each of them separately. The synergism is caused by formation of a multiligand complex. It was established that a mixed ligand complex Eu(III)–BPh–FAV (1:1:1) is formed.

The possibility of using the complex compound Eu(III)-BPh as a new luminescent probe for the determination of favipivir has been shown. The luminescence intensity is maximum at pH 7.5 (urotropin buffer). The excitation band λexc = 315 nm was chosen for analytical purposes. It was found that the introduction of different amounts of favipiravir into aqueous solutions of the Eu(III)-BPh complex causes an increase in 4f-luminescence of europium (III) (transition 5D0 → 7F2, λemis = 615 nm) and the lifetime of its excited state.

Calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of favipivir 0.5-10.0 μg/ml. The developed method is validated by the following parameters: specificity, linearity, accuracy, limit of quantitative determination. The proposed method is characterized by satisfactory metrological characteristics and ease of implementation and can be recommended for the determination of FAV in tablets.
SYNTHESIS AND BROMINATION OF 2-METALLYLTHIO-3-HYDROXYIMINOMETHYLQUINOLINE
Authors: Sabo T. , Zapototskyi M , Kut D. , Kut М.М. , Filak I. , Onysko M. , Lendel V.
Published: July 2021

Quinoline and its condensed analogues are an important class of heterocycles with a wide range of biological activity. Many quinoline derivatives are used as substrates in organic synthesis and molecular design of pharmacologically active substances with different effects. Its reported a number of natural compounds containing a quinoline fragment are used as drugs. The annulation of azole and azine heterocycles to the quinoline backbone expands the search for biologically active compounds in this series. The most convenient and most effective method of annulation of additional cycles to quinoline is the reaction of electrophilic intramolecular cyclization of its unsaturated derivatives with various electrophilic reagents. Therefore, the synthesis of previously unknown polycyclic quinoline derivatives is an urgent problem.
The purpose of this work is to study of the regio-selectivity of the process of electrophilic intramolecular cyclization of 2-methallylthio-3-(hydroxyiminomethyl)quinoline.
The model oxime was obtained by the condensation reaction of 3-formyl-2-methalylthioquinoline with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in an alcohol-alkaline medium. 2-Methallylthio-3-(hydroxyiminomethyl)quinoline has several nucleophilic centers for studying of the regioselectivity of electrophilic heterocyclization - a multiple bond of a methallyl fragment, an endocyclic nitrogen atom of quinolone cycle, an exocyclic nitrogen atom of an imino group and an exocyclic atom oxygen of ОН- group. During the bromination of such an oxime, the formations of both a linear and angular tricyclic system are possible. It was found that when brominated with a double excess of bromine in chloroform medium, the thiazole cycle is annealed to the quinoline backbone to form 1-bromomethyl-4-((hydroxyimino)methyl)-1-methyl-1,2-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]-quinolin-10-ium tribromide.
Thus, as a result of the performed research, the 2-methallylthio-3-(hydroxyiminomethyl) quinoline was obtained and its bromination was carried out. It is proved that the bromocyclization of the model oxime occurs regio-selectively with the formation of angular tribromide of 1-bromomethyl-4 -((hydroxyimino)methyl) -1-methyl-1,2-dihydrothiazolo [3,2-a] quinolin-10-ium. This tricyclic salt has the potential to have high biological activity.
QUASI BISHOPS AND ADMINISTRATORS OF THE MARAMOROS ORTHODOX EPARCHY (1706 – 1739)
Authors: Monych Oleksandr
Published: July 2021

This article examines the problem of development and administrative management of Máramaros Eparchy in 1706 – 1739. Particular attention is paid primarily to finding out who led the church unit during the absence of legitimate bishops Yosyp Stoika and Dosipheus Feodorovych. The publication traces the line of leaders of the Eparchy and raises both their legal legitimacy and church-canonical status. Based on the study of documents and recent research, it is stated that all priests-administrators were "elected" as bishops but were not ordained to this rank. The article analyses the activities of Bishop Seraphim, whose legitimacy is devoid of full and clear identification. In this context, it is possible to assume his status «quasi» as a pretty actual fact. The bishops of Máramaros Eparchy were elected at clerical councils, after which Orthodox metropolitans ordained them in the cities of Suceava and Iasi. In turn, the Eparchy administrators were also elected by the councils of local clergy and approved by the county authorities. The latter often interfered in church affairs, which provoked conflicts. Between 1709 and early 1710, Máramaros Eparchy was governed by a council of four archpriests. Analysis of new researches on this topic by Romanian scholars significantly adjusts the local historiography concerning the activities of the last administrator of Máramaros Eparchy. It is possible that the Eparchy continued to be governed until 1739, albeit underground, by the priest-administrator Gabriel, whom some sources put in line with the bishop. In general, based on various sources, it is shown in what socio-ecclesiastic conditions the development of Máramaros Eparchy took place. Based on the research literature, the author concludes that the administrative life of Máramaros Eparchy in this period was in a challenging situation. Ongoing trials, determination of jurisdictional statutes, pro-Union sympathies of leaders, the first attempts to introduce the Union in the district, and the immoral behavior of individual administrators of the Eparchy all made it impossible to develop and form a new church unit fully.
ON THE POLITICAL DIFFERENTIATION OF CZECH SOCIETY AT THE TURN OF THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES. ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CZECHOSLAVONIC TRADER'S PARTY IN MORAVIA
Authors: Marek Pavel
Published: July 2021

The 1990s represent one of the historical turning points in the character of Czech political partisanship. It brought an end to the existence of honorary political parties as a loose grouping of a narrow class of elites and triggered the beginning of well-organized communities with a solid, mass membership-based internal structure and expansion of their electoral potential by establishing interest affiliate organizations offering benefits to supporting voters. At the same time, the change in the parties’ character was accompanied by processes of political differentiation in Czech society as an expression of its modernization and desire to complete national emancipation and the creation of its statehood. The result was the creation of several new political parties and, at the same time, the creation of political camps, which became the foundation of the emergence of the Czech society pillar political structure. With a certain time lag, the processes of political differentiation in Czech society in the first decade of the 20th century were completed by efforts to form Czech professional political parties, comprised of the so-called old urban middle classes, i.e. tradesmen, craftsmen, and merchants. In the initial phase, their founders believed that they could promote their economic interests on the political scene through established civic and socialist political parties. However, quite quickly, the elites of small entrepreneurs abandoned this vision and began to seek to establish a professional trader’s political party. In Bohemia, three professional political parties were established in the short period between 1903 and 1909: the Trader’s Progressive and Independent Party in Bohemia, the Trader’s Party in Bohemia in the Czech Kingdom, and the Czechoslavonic Trader’s Party. These were honorary-type organizations or pre-party units that just started searching for their party identity. The failures of the traders’ parties in the elections to the Reich Council and the Landtag revealed a weakness in the cooperation tactics. They contributed to the transformation or the disappearance of said parties. The situation in the trader’s movement in Moravia was different. The Trader’s Party was formed here compared to Bohemia with a slight time lag, but its founders immediately began to form it as a mass political party. The Czechoslavonic Trader’s Party in Moravia, founded in 1908 in Prostějov, even though in the short period before the outbreak of World War I, it went through a building phase, is the first successful attempt to create a standard, classical political party in the Bohemian territory. This study reflects its efforts for internal consolidation and integration into the Bohemian party-political system of pre-war Moravia.
THE CONCEPT OF «DOCUMENT» IN HISTORICAL DOCUMENTARY STUDIES
Authors: Kovalska Lesya
Published: July 2021

This article discusses the concept of a document in historical document science. It is established that the development of society and the differentiation of social processes led to an increase in the array of documents, made adjustments to its standard and specific features and types of material carriers, etc. There was a need to organize the storage and organization of existing document files and develop effective mechanisms for processing and using documents. All these factors have led to scientific reflection and the emergence of new areas of document science and historical document science. It is confirmed that in different branches of the science of the document-information cycle, different definitions of the concept of a document are used today. The presence of its terminology, i.e., words or phrases that express characteristic concepts from a particular field of science, determines the specifics of a particular science. In almost every field of knowledge, there are one or more understanding versions according to the specifics of those objects to which the document's status is given. It is understood differently in computer science, library, bibliography, archives, museum studies. The concept of a document in particular fields of activity (library, museum, archival affairs, and bibliography) is interpreted separately. Hence its ambiguity complicates scientific communication and mutual understanding between specialists in the field of document and communication, but at the same time generates discussion and development of a new vision of the object-subject component. Considering the transition of information from document to source, it is necessary to use the concept of documentary sources of information as a set of documents of scientific, industrial, educational, reference and popular science, intended for general reading and subject-matter analysis to find the necessary data. The concept of "document" reflects the characteristics of real objects, serving as an object of practical activities for the creation, collection, analytical and synthetic processing, storage, retrieval, dissemination, and use of documentary information in society. Defining the concept of "document" is the main task of theoretical and historical document science. In the process of developing the meaning and content of the concept, the document has changed. The result is the presence of various definitions that expand the content of the term or focus on a particular type.
MATERIAL SITUATION, DAILY ROUTINE AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF MARAMOROSH PEASANTRY IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 17TH CENTURY
Authors: Perun Mykhailo
Published: July 2021

In this article, the author tries to comprehensively consider the history of the peasantry from the eastern part of modern Transcarpathia. Particular attention is paid to the general characteristics of the organization of a rural society of the Maramorosh County of the first half of the 17th century. This period was characterized by significant migration within the Carpathian region, which led to the emergence of new settlements in the Upper Potyssia and changes in cultural and domestic nature. According to the author, the main driver of these processes was the minor and middle gentry of North-East Hungary, which encouraged the resettlement of peasants to their lands with the help of certain privileges. The article substantiates the idea that the daily routine of the Maramorosh peasantry and occupations were closely connected with the payment of tribute to their own master. That is why the primary sources on the early modern Maramorosh County peasant history are tax descriptions (urbariums), where much information about the property status, social system, and basic occupations of the people of that period can be found. The author emphasizes that in addition to small and medium-sized nobles, another large landowner in the Maramorosh region were the owners of the Khust dominion. The article highlights the difference between the payment of tribute, forms of management, and some other features of the peasants of the highland and lowland parts of the Maramorosh County. The author writes that based on the analysis of the inventory of the possessions of the nobleman Zhigmond Lipchei (Lipcsei Zsigmond) in 1646 and the decrees of Count Miklosh Esterhazy (Esterházi Miklós) in 1613, we can identify terminological nuances of the documents of this period. The author uses in the publication written sources from the end of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th century, for certain clarifications and explanations, acts, and North-Eastern Hungary and other territories charters. The author of the publication concludes the interdependence between the financial situation of the Maramorosh peasants and their mobility.
INTERCIVILIZATIONAL BORROWINGS IN THE HISTORICAL CONCEPTS OF A. TOYNBEE AND F. BRAUDEL
Authors: Pidbereznykh Inna , Miroshkina Natalia
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the problems of intercivilizational borrowings in the historical works of A. Toynbee and F. Braudel. The author pays particular attention to the theoretical and methodological basis of A. Toynbee and F. Braudel's understanding of intercivilizational borrowings as a historical phenomenon. There are substantiated that the intercivilizational borrowing in Toynbee and Braudel's works does not have the status of an independent historical process but is included in the broader processes between civilizational relations and the development of civilization. The article analyzes the approaches to intercivilizational borrowing as elements of intercivilizational relations. The paper says that A. Toynbee and F. Braudel considered intercivilizational borrowings as essential factors of world-historical development. Each civilization has a unique ability to accept material and spiritual values from the outside. F. Braudel emphasized the permanence of this process. A. Toynbee linked the civilization borrowings process with the stages of civilization development and civilization's response to external challenges. Thus, both historians believed in the possibility of civilizational diffusion. In the historical concepts of A. Toynbee and F. Braudel, the problem of intercivilizational borrowings was dissolved, among other problems of interaction between civilizations. The author also emphasizes that the intercivilizational borrowing process is still ongoing in the modern world. And this actualizes the methodology issue for studying this phenomenon and pays attention to the lessons of the past related to the civilizational diffusion processes. The problem of the development of civilizations in a single global world and the possibility of erasing cultural, social, and economic barriers between civilizations continue to be a topic of debate today. It is concluded that the identity of civilizations will remain in the future. However, intercivilizational borrowings are mass and appear as cultural complexes borrowings, which will be continued in the coming years.
THE ROLE OF THRASH METAL IN THE FORMATION OF EXTREME HEAVY MUSIC (BASED ON THE INTERVIEW OF MUSICIANS)
Authors: Stoikiv Andrii
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to defining the role of thrash metal music in the foundation of extreme heavy music in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Attention focused on the importance of a separate sub-genre of heavy metal music in forming a new style of heavy music, including new vocal techniques, building more complex compositions, and expanding the lyrics' themes. Analyzed the criteria by which extreme heavy music can attribute among other sub-genres of heavy metal and defined thrash metal as a transitional stage between heavy metal and extreme music. The work is interdisciplinary, which manifested in the use of methodological approaches to history and cultural studies. The article examined various areas of development of thrash metal music, particularly the United States, where the phenomenon has appeared; Germany and Switzerland, which differed qualitatively from the American scene; and Brazil, whose musicians have set recording standards for much of the extreme music. The article identified the reasons for the popularity decline of thrash metal in the early 1990s in the context of the general development of rock music and identified the features of the evolution into extreme metal. In addition to the musical component, the article outlined the social and behavioral elements of thrash metal fans during bands' performances, which also formed the image of the extremity of metal music. Special attention in the article is devoted to the Slayer and Megadeth bands, the foundation of controversy in the subject of lyrics, which, in turn, is characterized by extreme metal. Evolving from the New Wave of British heavy metal, American thrash metal develop new features in heavy music, including fast, aggressive riffs, and sharpened the lyrics' themes, primarily political and anti-religious. Rebelled against the dominance of glam metal, thrash metal fans developed their image, which consisted of aggression and appropriate behavior during concerts. Developed in the United States, thrash metal has gained popularity in other parts of the world, whose scenes have developed their characteristics, which, in the future, influenced the formation of extreme heavy music. In the late 1980s, the US radio format shifted the demand for grunge, which supplanted thrash metal from the radio. The sub-genre began to decline and was replaced by death and black metal in the heavy metal music underground.
Про частково впорядковані множини шостого порядку, що мають надсуперкритичний MM-тип
Authors: Бондаренко В. М. , Стьопочкiна М. В.
Published: July 2021

Зображення ч. в. множин (частково впорядкованих множин) ввели Л. А. Назароваi А. В. Ройтер в 1972 р. В тому ж роцi М. М. Клейнер довiв, що ч. в. множинаSмаєскiнченний зображувальний тип тодi i лише тодi, коли вони не мiстить ч. в. пiдмно-жин вигляду K1= (1,1,1,1), K2= (2,2,2), K3= (1,3,3), K4= (1,2,5) i K5= (N,4). Цi ч. в. множин називаються критичними ч. в. множин щодо скiнченностстi типу(в тому сенсi, що це мiнiмальнi ч. в. множин з нескiнченною кiлькiстю нерозкладних зображень, з точнiстю до еквiвалентностi) або ч. в. множинами Клейнера. У 1974 роцi Ю. А. Дрозд довiв, що ч. в. множинаSмає скiнченний зображувальний тип тодi iлише тодi, коли її квадратична форма Тiтса
 
є слабко додатною (тобто додатною на множинi невiд’ємних векторiв). Отже, ч. в. множини Клейнера є критичними щодо слабкої додатностi квадратичної форми Тiтса,i iнших таких ч. в. множин немає (з точнiстю до iзоморфiзму). У 2005 роцi автори довели що ч. в. множин є критичною щодо додатностi квадратичної форми Титса тодii лише тодi, коли вона є мiнiмаксно iзоморфна деякiй ч. в. множинi Клейнера.
Подiбну ситуацiю маємо з ч. в. множинами ручного зображувального типу. У 1975р. Л. А. Назарова довела, що ч. в. множинаSє ручною тодi i лише тодi, коли вона не мiстить ч. в. пiдмножин вигляду N1= (1,1,1,1,1), N2= (1,1,1,2), N3= (2,2,3), N4= (1,3,4), N5= (1,2,6) i (N,5). Вона назвала цi ч. в. множини суперкритичними; вони є критичними щодо слабкої невiд’ємностi квадратичної форми Тiтса, i iншихтаких ч. в. множин немає. У 2009 роцi автори довели, що ч. в. множина є критичною щодо невiд’ємностi квадратичної форми Тiтса тодi i лише тодi, коли вона мiнiмаксноiзоморфна деякiй суперкритичнiй ч. в. множинi.
Перший автор запропонував ввести ч. в. множини (названi надсуперкритичними),якi вiдрiзняються вiд суперкритичних ч. в. множин в тiй самiй мiрi, що i останнi вiд-рiзняються вiд критичних. Серед цих ч. в. множин є чотири найменшого порядку,а саме 6. У цiй статтi ми описуємо всi ч. в. множини мiнiмаксно еквiвалентнi їм, i вивчаємо деякi їхнi комбiнаторнi властивостi. Важливiсть вивчення мiнiмаксно iзоморфних ч. в. множин визначається тим фактом, що їх квадратичнi форми Тiтса Z-еквiвалентнi, а сам мiнiмаксний iзоморфiзм є досить загальною конструктивно визначеною Z-еквiвалентнiстю для квадратичних форм Тiтса ч. в. множин.
Локальні майже-кільця на елементарних абелевих групах порядку p^3
Authors: Раєвська I. Ю. , Раєвська М. Ю.
Published: July 2021

Майже-кільця виникають природним чином при вивченні систем нелінійних відображень і вивчаються протягом багатьох десятиліть. Основні визначення та багато результатів стосовно майже-кілець можна знайти, наприклад, у [G.~Pilz. Near-rings. The theory and its applications. North Holland, Amsterdam, 1977].
Майже-кільця - це узагальнення кілець в тому сенсі, що додавання не обов'язково є комутативним і передбачається лише один дистрибутивний закон. Очевидно, що кожне асоціативне кільце є майже-кілець, і кожна група є адитивною групою майже-кільця, але не обов'язково майже-кільця з одиницею. Питання про те, яка група може бути адитивною групою майже-кільця з одиницею, далеке від вирішення.
Майже-кільце R з одиницею називається локальним, якщо підгрупа усіх необоротних елементів із R утворює підгрупу адитивної групи R. Дослідження локальних майже-кілець було ініційовано Мексоном (1968), який визначив ряд їх основних властивостей і, зокрема, довів, що адитивна група нуль-симетричного локального майже-кільця є p-групою. Мексон (1968) описав усі неізоморфні нуль-симетричні локальні майже-кільця з нециклічною адитивною групою порядку p2, які не є майже-полями. Мексон у 1968 р. також показав, що кожна нециклічна абелева p-група порядку pn>4 є адитивною групою нуль-симетричного локального майже-кільця, яке не є кільцем.
Список усіх локальних майже-кілець порядку не більше 31 можна отримати з пакету SONATA (https://gap-packages.github.io/sonata/) системи комп'ютерної алгебри GAP (https://www.gap-system.org/). Однак класифікація майже-кілець вищих порядків вимагає набагато складніших обчислень. Для локальних майже-кілець вони були реалізовані в новому GAP-пакеті LocalNR (https://gap-packages.github.io/LocalNR). Поточна версія (ще не розповсюджена за допомогою GAP) містить 37599 локальних майже-кілець порядку не більше 361, за винятком порядків 128, 256 і деяких порядків 32, 64 і 243.
Ця робота присвячена дослідженню локальних майже-кілець з елементарними абелевими адитивними групами порядку p3.
Блочне розщеплення системи лiнiйних матричних диференцiальних рiвнянь
Authors: Щоголев С. А. , Карапетров В. В.
Published: July 2021

При математичному описаннi рiзноманiтних явищ i процесiв, що виникають в математичнiй фiзицi, електротехнiцi, економiцi, доводиться мати справу з матричними диференцiальними рiвняннями. Тому такi рiвняння є актуальними як для математикiв, так i для фахiвцiв в iнших галузях природознавства. В данiй статтi розглядається система M лiнiйних матричних диференцiальних рiвнянь з коефiцiєнтами, зображуваними у виглядi абсолютно та рiвномiрно збiжних рядiв Фур’є з повiльно змiнними в певному сенсi коефiцiєнтами та частотою (клас F), причому ця система близька до блочно-дiагональної системи з повiльно змiнними коефiцiєнтами. Шукається перетворення з коефiцiєнтами аналогiчного типу, що приводить цю систему до суто блочно-дiагонального вигляду. Вiдносно коефiцiєнтiв цього перетворення одержується квазiлiнiйна система матричних диференцiальних рiвнянь, яка розпадається на M незалежних пiдсистем, кожна з яких має вигляд деякої допомiжної нелiнiйної системи. Для цiєї допомiжної системи методом послiдовних наближень отримано умови iснування у неї розв’язкiв класу F, а потiм на пiдставi цього результату отримано умови iснування шуканого перетворення.
SIKAP SOPAN SANTUN ANAK DILIHAT DARI POLA ASUH ORANG TUA TUNGGAL
Authors: Faizah Reza Nur , Fajrie Nur , Rahayu Ratri
Published: July 2021

Parenting is a treatment or way of educating parents in order to meet the needs and educate children in everyday life. In a family, the presence of parents is very important for the development of a child's personality, because the family is the first and foremost environment that will influence several aspects of child development, including the child's polite attitude. But not all children have complete parents, there are some children who are so unlucky that they only have one parent. But how to educate single parents is not much different from parents who are intact in instilling child courtesy. The cultivation of polite attitudes given by single parents to children is to provide understanding of what is good and bad and to give good examples to their children, so that children are more accustomed to seeing good things and can be imitated by children in everyday life. In this article, we will describe the polite behavior of children seen from the parenting styles applied by single parents
Pembelajaran Berbasis Sentra Peran dalam Upaya Stimulus Sikap Mandiri Anak Usia 0-2 Tahun di TPA 01 SUKAMAJU
Authors: Afrianianingsih Anita
Published: July 2021

This study aims to increase children's independence through the learning method based on the dramatization center at TPA 01 SUKAMAJU. This research is a classroom action research, conducted in two cycles. The subjects of this study were four children consisting of friends who seemed to e students.. The method of data collection is done through observation. The data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative and quantitative techniques. The results showed that the children's independence increased through the dramatization center learning. The child plays the movements and sounds of the chicken animal then the teacher gives an independent task in the form of tasting the chicken shape, the child does it by himself then the teacher gives reinforcement in the form of messages and motivation to be independent.
Effect of AGIS on Implementation of Electronic Land Administration in FCT, Abuja Nigeria
Authors: E. D. Oruonye , Wilson-Osigwe Menwo Ukechi , Tukur Fatima , Ahmed Y. M.
Published: July 2021

Land administration in Abuja includes processes of land registration, cadastre, valuation and land inventory. Every country in the world pursues these activities in one form or another irrespective of the stage of development. Developing countries particularly, Nigeria are overwhelmed by challenges of land management and administration. Recent efforts to secure tenure and enhance real property markets are under pressure from increasing demand and competition for land. Effort at implementing land administration reform in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) have led to inefficiency, incoherent and poor land management. This has undermined the huge potentials and global competitiveness in the sector. This study assesses the effectiveness of Abuja Geographic Information Systems (AGIS) on the implementation of electronic land administration in the FCT. Descriptive survey method was adopted in carrying out this study. Data collection involved sample of 150 applicants/beneficiaries of land, drawn across seven districts to determine how electronic land administration system in the FCT has improved the practice. The findings of the study revealed that electronic land administration in AGIS does not address unequal land distribution. Also, management, acquisition and disposal of public land follow unclear procedures and are not applied equitably and transparently. Formal land delivery takes an inordinate amount of time under the existing frameworks and land fees are unaffordable to many residents in the FCT. Based on the findings, the study recommended the empowerment of the Land Use and Allocation Committee (LUAC) to ensure fairness and equity in land acquisition processes, reorganizing the AGIS workflow, installation of state-of-the art technology for efficiency that will make the processes and procedures for acquisition of land clear to the general public. The study also recommended active participation of key stakeholders through public hearings and citizen’s forums.
Apropiadoras y Poder Judicial: revisitando los discursos de la maternidad con perspectiva de género
Authors: Sucari Ana Laura
Published: July 2021

Desde el retorno a la democracia, la apropiación de niños y niñas ha sido uno de los pocos delitos juzgados de forma ininterrumpida por el Poder Judicial. Sin embargo, en estas causas, las apropiadoras han recibido sistemáticamente condenas menores que los apropiadores. Partiendo del interrogante acerca de por qué varones y mujeres obtuvieron distintas condenas frente a los mismos crímenes, el artículo analiza los modos en que los discursos maternalistas y los roles de género fueron esgrimidos por las apropiadoras en sus declaraciones públicas. De este modo, se estudia con perspectiva de género los discursos de estas mujeres con el fin de examinar qué imagen buscaron construir ante el Poder Judicial, así como las intervenciones de los/las jueces/juezas en relación a la palabra de las apropiadoras y la cuestión de género.
The Impact of Principal Leadership on The Effectiveness of Learning in Christian Senior High School in Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Simanjuntak Junihot M.
Published: July 2021

The researcher wants to explain the impact of principal leadership on the effectiveness of learning at high school level. The study is aimed at finding principal leadership model as an ideal example in managing school as an educational institution to bring effective learning as an output. The results of the discussion show that the principal's leadership has a significant positive effect on teacher competence to realize the effectiveness of learning. The conclusion from this discussion that the effectiveness of learning can run well can be done by applying the leadership of the principal and teacher competence. The Principal has strong influence because he leads with love, gives positive impact on school even outside world. He has become catalyst agent who brings others to a purpose, by making himself as not only a creator of culture but also the one who sustains it especially inside school environment. The better the leadership of the principal is, the better the learning effectiveness at the school is.
Implementasi Rencana Kerja Tahunan Sekolah Dasar di Era New Normal
Authors: Qarasyi Achmad Qhuzairy , Habibah Sitti , Mus Sumarlin
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research is to find out the lecturers' strategies in e-learning management to improve learning outcomes in college. The lecturer strategy in managing e-learning includes how to plan, implement, supervise and evaluate online learning (e-learning). This research used a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The subjects of the study were lecturers who did online learning and were able to improve the results of learning through e-learning. The research instrument used interview guidelines and documentation. Interview, survey, and observation were done to collect the data. Data analysis done by using triangulation techniques. The results of this study shows that the lecturer's strategy in managing e-learning, including 1) Planning, namely drawing up a learning plan on the e-learning website, with a sub-view of RPS (lesson plan), learning achievements, diagnostic tests (pre-test), module materials, learning videos, journal links related to materials, discussion forums, tasks, and absorption tests (posttest).2) Execution, focus on how to solve material problem (reward and punishment) by understanding modules and videos. 3) Supervision is by utilizing the agreed e-learning time, monitoring process through zoom media, video conference and whatsapp group to know the students’ participation in e-learning. 4) Evaluation, with diagnostic tests and absorption tests as an indicator of student atteanity in receiving e-learning materials and independent tasks to improve HOTS (higher order of thinking skills) students. Evaluation in maximizing e-learning content in the website is done with CIPP (context, input, process, and output) so that innovation from lecturers is always increasing.
Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Dalam Inovasi Pembelajaran Saintifik Religius
Authors: Saputra Bagus Rachmad , Arifin Imron , Sobri Ahmad Yusuf
Published: July 2021

The role of the principal as a leader is certainly needed in learning activities at school. The role of the principal will lead many teachers to implement learning patterns that are in accordance with the vision, mission, and standards set by the school. This study aims to describe the role of the principal's leadership in innovating religious scientific learning with an integrated model which combines scientific learning with Islamic-based religious learning. The research method used in this study is qualitative multi-site study approach, to find similarities in both sites through interviews, observation, and documentation study. The data was analyzed using a constant comparative analysis approach. The results of the research are (1) the form of learning leadership applied in schools in the implementation of religious scientific learning, (2) the principal's innovation in implementing religious scientific-based learning, (3) the community's support for schools in religious scientific learning.
FAT AND TOCOPHEROL CONTENT IN THE SEEDS OF RED AMARANTH IN CONDITIONS OF DIVERSIFIED FERTILIZATION WITH MACROELEMENTS
Authors: Skwaryło-Bednarz Barbara , Klikocka Hanna
Published: July 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the content of fat and tocopherols in the seeds of Polish cultivars of red amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) – Rawa and Aztek – under the influence of varied macroelement fertilization in the environmental conditions of the Zamość region of south-eastern Poland. In a three-year field experiment (2013–2015) set up in a randomized split-plot design, red amaranth was grown as a test plant at wide row spacing, on good wheat complex soil, in south-eastern Poland (N – 50º71', E – 23º04'). The field experiment had three variables: the weather in the years of research; four combinations of NPK application and two cultivars of the test plant – Rawa and Aztek. The research showed that the factor that most influenced the content of crude fat in the amaranth seeds was the cultivar, followed by the combination of NPK fertilization. The amount of α-tocopherol and total tocopherol depended significantly on the genetic factor and the fertilization combination, while the amount of β-tocopherol was determined more by fertilization than by the cultivar. The content of γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol was dependent only on the cultivar.
Hawthorne’s Miriam – a female enigma: A seductive femme fatale or a victim of abuse?
Authors: Rabinovich Irina
Published: July 2021

In his last published novel, The Marble Faun (Hawthorne, 1974), in spite of his seeming sympathy for Miriam’s plea for friendship, Hawthorne’s narrator relates to Miriam as a “guilty” and “bloodstained” woman, who similarly to the female Jewish models portrayed in her paintings, carries misery, vice and death into the world. The narrator’s ambiguity vis-àvis Miriam’s moral fibre, on the one hand, and his infatuation with the beautiful and talented female artist, on the other, stands at the heart of the novel. The goal of this paper is mainly addressed at examining Miriam’s position in Hawthorne’s fiction, through an analysis of his treatment of his other “dark” and “light” women. Furthermore, I enquire whether Miriam is to be perceived in terms of the popular stereotypical representations of Jewish women (usually, Madonnas or whores), or whether she is granted more original and idiosyncratic characteristics. Next, I discuss Hawthorne’s treatment of Miriam’s artistic vocation, discerning her distinctiveness as a female Jewish 19th-century artist. Finally, Hawthorne’s unconventional choice of Rome as the setting for his novel unquestionably entails reference to the societal, cultural and political forces at play.
The weather as a storyteller in Lalami’s The Other Americans
Authors: Al-Khayyat Amal , Awad Yousef
Published: July 2021

This study explores the self-nature relationship through tracing the key role that the weather conditions in Arab American Laila Lalami’s novel The Other Americans (2019) play in narrating the protagonist’s story. It highlights how the weather conditions echo Nora’s deep emotions and reflect her inner thoughts and feelings in the light of her relationships with other characters. The study focuses on Nora’s journey of becomingness and reveals that through depicting the changes in the weather, the story of Nora’s self-actualization and settlement can be narrated. It considers presenting how reading the weather conditions informs the reader about Nora’s self-perception, love affairs, career development and aspirations. It also explores how Lalami employs weather description to show the ways in which Nora ends up achieving self-reconciliation. As the events unfold, Nora is transformed from a person who comments on the clouds and winds and describes the fogs and rains to a fully-fledged character who, figuratively, is able to conjure up thunderstorms and hurricanes. Hence, by paying closer attention to the weather conditions, one can arguably witness Nora’s metamorphosis. In other words, Lalami’s novel is a site in which discourses on identity, ethnicity, multiculturalism and environment converge.
Back to Nature and Ireland: Morgan Llywelyn’s The Elementals
Authors: Baysal Kübra
Published: July 2021

Written by the Irish author Morgan Llywelyn in 1993, The Elementals focuses on the four powerful elements of nature that are essential to life: namely Water, Fire, Earth and Air. Consisting of four parts divided in accordance to these elements, the novel connects four stories which raise universal ecological awareness and present the danger of a future collapse in nature. Depicting the adventures of Irish-origin characters and the striking realization of their deep connection to nature at the end of each part, the novel awakens the reader to their inner relation to other humans, animals, plants, rocks and all parts of nature. Of Irish origins herself, through her novel Llywelyn displays the agency of nonhuman bodies in relation to human bodies, or in other words, Irish-origin human bodies, and the innate connection of all humans to the natural elements. Hence, this study aims to analyse The Elementals from the perspective of the new materialism theory underlining the interaction of all beings in the universe through the constant recalling of Ireland as a significant part of the natural culture.
Effect of Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) on Some Physical and Bioactive Compounds of ‘Iceberg’ Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.)
Authors: Ahmed Asmaa Sayed , Yaseen Arshad Abdulkhalq , Bakr Triska Dlshad
Published: July 2021

The use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is a recent concerned application in the indoor crop system of the modern plant production. In our research, we evaluated the influence of four monochromic LED lights including 100% White (W), Yellow (Y), Red (R) and Blue (B) in comparison to solar lightening condition (GR) as a control. In this regard, some morphological characteristics and biochemical content of the common outdoor ‘Iceberg’ lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was measured. The results show that leaf length, leaf area and total head weight were significantly greater in the plants grown under B LED, while all the other physical parameters were significantly higher in the plants grown under GR environmental conditions. On the other hand, chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoids (Car), and nitrate content were also influenced by different light treatments. Plants grown under LED light treatment resulted in significantly higher chlorophyll content compared to the control. However, significantly greater carotenoid content was in the plants grown under GR condition. The highest total chlorophyll content was recorded under B and R LED, whereas the lowest was in the GR condition. The lowest nitrate content in the blade and petiole was recorded in the plants grown under Y LED, while the highest nitrate content was recorded in the GR. Based on our result, it is possible to grow and improve some quality parameters of common outdoor ‘iceberg’ lettuce under LED where the solar light is limited or unavailable. Thus, plants performed better under GR light conditions than monochromic LEDs; however, some LED lights could improve some quality parameters and biochemical contents in the ‘iceberg’ lettuce variety.