bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT OF THE PEDIATRICS CENTER
Authors: Makhanbetkulova D.N. , Ligai Z.N. , Khomyakova M.V. , Daurenbekova A.N.
Published: February 2025

Background. This article presents the results of an analysis of the activities of the anesthesiology and resuscitation department at the Scientific Center for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery over the period 2020–2022. The study focused on key performance indicators of the resuscitation and intensive care units, including the number of patients treated, mortality rates, and the number of patients transferred to specialized departments. Purpose of the study. To analyze the activities of the intensive care unit departments to assess the efficiency of the resuscitation and anesthesiology unit and identify key aspects that require optimization to improve the quality of medical care. Materials and methods. The annual reporting data of the anesthesiology and resuscitation block of the Scientific Center for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery for the period 2020–2022 were used for the analysis. Results. As part of the study, data from four specialized departments of anesthesiology and resuscitation block at the Scientific Center for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery were analyzed. Among them, the oncology and hematology department ranked highest in terms of the number of patients treated, the number of children transferred from resuscitation and intensive care units, and the mortality rate. The analysis revealed that the highest number of fatal cases was recorded among newborns, with the primary cause being multiple congenital malformations. Conclusions. The Pediatric Center needs to focus its efforts on creating conditions for sustainable staffing with anesthesiologists and intensivists, as well as on regular professional development, with a particular emphasis on specialization in the field of oncology and hematology.
SMOKING AS A CAUSE OF INCREASED CARDIOVASCULAR PREMATURE AGEING AND MORTALITY
Authors: Abzaliyev K.B. , Kurmanova A.M. , Abzaliyeva S.A. , Suleimenova M.U. , Nassyrova N.B. , Sundetova D. , Bugibayeva A. , Baurzhan M. , Abdykassymova M. , Bitemirova R. , Baizhigitova N. , Sagalbayeva U. , Jardemova K.
Published: February 2025

Background. The article deals with the influence of modifiable risk factors, namely tobacco smoking on morbidity and mortality. The concept of reducing the influence of risk factors (harm reduction) was first widely recognized in work with people who are dependent on smoking. According to the WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, tobacco kills more than 8 million people each year, including an estimated 1.3 million non-smokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke. Purpose of the study: To study the impact of tobacco smoking on public health and the international experience of measures to reduce the harmful effects of this risk factor at the present stage. Materials and methods. The research and publications on the topic of the study were analyzed using sources indexed in eLibrary, Google Academic, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The results of a literature review aimed at studying the effectiveness and features of the organization of smoking cessation interventions are presented. Results of the study. A comprehensive approach to reducing the effects of harmful risk factors is yielding positive results. The group of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) remains the No. 1 deadly disease category, with alcohol, smoking, unbalanced diet and physical inactivity as the main risk factors. According to the latest data, tobacco smoke is one of the deadliest risk factors for deaths worldwide. While smoking cessation is the best option for reducing the risk of smoking-related diseases, tobacco harm reduction is a complementary approach to existing tobacco control interventions. Conclusion. Perspectives on tobacco harm reduction should focus on reducing the negative health effects of smoking. ‘Tobacco control’ refers to a range of supply, demand and harm reduction strategies aimed at improving public health by eliminating or reducing their use of tobacco products and exposure to tobacco smoke.
АНАЛИЗ ПРИЧИН ОТКАЗОВ ОТ ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ТУБЕРКУЛЁЗНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ В КАЗАХСТАНЕ
Authors: Шапекова М. , Чункаева Д. , Аденов М. , Мусабекова Г. , Исмаилов Ш.
Published: February 2025

Введение. Профилактическое лечение туберкулёзной инфекции является одним из важнейших компонентов «Стратегии ликвидации туберкулёза» и неотъемлемой частью Национальной программы борьбы с туберкулёзом в Казахстане. По данным официальных статистических отчетов Национального научного центра фтизиопульмонологии Республики Казахстан в 2023 году охват тестированием на туберкулёзную инфекцию взрослых и детей в стране составил 51,6% и 87,8% соответственно, доля отказов от назначенного профилактического лечения – 12,6%, что существенно снижает эффективность борьбы с распространением туберкулёза. Цель работы: изучение причин отказов от обследования и лечения туберкулёзной инфекции среди контактных лиц и других групп повышенного риска заболевания туберкулёзом. Материалы и методы: дизайн – поперечное исследование. Проведено опросное исследование среди 426 фтизиатров/фтизиопедиатров страны с помощью Google-анкеты. Анкета содержала 10 вопросов на казахском и русском языках с возможностью добавления своего мнения. Полученные данные были обработаны с использованием Microsoft Office Excel. Результаты исследования: Основными причинами отказов от обследования и лечения туберкулёзной инфекции являются ограниченные знания и недопонимание важности профилактических мер в предотвращении развития активной формы заболевания, недостаточно эффективные коммуникации между медицинскими работниками и пациентами, а также стигма, связанная с туберкулёзом. Выводы: Для повышения уровня охвата обследованием и профилактическим лечением туберкулёзной инфекции необходимо в масштабе страны активизировать усилия по всестороннему обучению, эффективному консультированию, обеспечению оперативного доступа к самым современным инструментам диагностики и укороченным режимам лечения, укреплению мониторинга и оценки, привлечению неправительственных организаций в реализацию мероприятий по профилактике туберкулёза.
A STUDY OF THE UNMET NEEDS OF ELDERLY PEOPLE IN THE CITY OF ALMATY
Authors: Abikulova A.K. , Toleugali Sh.E. , Akhtayeva N.S. , Seiduanova L.B. , Yeshmanova A.K. , Kumar A.B.
Published: February 2025

Background: The problem of population ageing is becoming more and more urgent all over the world, including Kazakhstan. As the number of older people increases, the need for health and social support increases. Older people face a number of physical, psychological and social problems, which requires a comprehensive assessment of their needs in order to develop appropriate intervention strategies. Purpose of study: to examine the unmet needs of older people living in the Social Services Centre. Materials and methods of study: The study included 100 people aged 65 and older living in the Social Services Center in Almaty. A CANE-based questionnaire was developed for the study, translated into Russian and Kazakh with input from physicians. The final versions were adapted to local conditions, keeping the division into 4 areas: basic, physical, psychological and social needs. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and non-parametric methods. Results: The results of the study showed that the mean age of the respondents was 74 years, of which 54% were female and 46% were male. With age, dissatisfaction in various areas of needs increases significantly among the elderly. In the group of 75 years and above, compared to the group of 65-74 years, there was an increase in unmet needs for useful activities (contribution to society) from 40.7% to 63%, p=0.035, improving physical health from 40.7% to 65.2%, p=0.008, increasing physical activity from 35.2% to 63%, p=0.020, and safety from accidental injuries from 42.6% to 69.6%, p=0.005 and communication (35.2% to 58.7%, p=0.025). Conclusions: Challenges related to loss of sense of self worth, physical health, physical activity, safety from accidental injury and social isolation increase with age.
ТІРЕК-ҚИМЫЛ АППАРАТЫ МЕН ҚАЛЫПТЫҢ БҰЗЫЛУЫНЫҢ БАЛАЛАРДЫҢ ДЕНЕ ДАМУЫНА ӘСЕРІ (ӘДЕБИЕТКЕ ШОЛУ)
Authors: Туйебахов М. , Текманова А.К. , Кусайынова Э.И. , Нұрбақыт А.Н. , Абуов Д.Ж. , Адильханова А.Н. , Хайруллаева Н.З.
Published: February 2025

Кіріспе. Баланың дамуы-бұл тірек-қимыл аппаратының дұрыс жұмыс істеуі мен денесінің дұрыс қалыпта болуы маңызды рөл атқаратын күрделі процесс. Тірек-қимыл аппаратының қалпы мен денсаулығы физикалық дамумен, сондай-ақ жүйке, тыныс алу және жүрек-қан тамырлары сияқты басқа дене жүйелерінің дамуымен тығыз байланыста болады. Дамудың әртүрлі кезеңдеріндегі қалыптың бұзылуы осы жүйелердің жағдайына айтарлықтай әсер етуі мүмкін. Бұл жағдайда дер кезінде шара қолданып түзетуді қажет етеді. Шолудың мақсаты. Дене бітімі мен тірек-қимыл аппаратының жағдайының бұзылуының балалар ағзасының әртүрлі жүйелерінің жұмысына әсері туралы деректерге шолу. Сондай-ақ, балалар физиологиясының ерекшеліктерін ескере отырып, осы бұзылуларды диагностикалау мен мүсіде пайда болатын ауытқуларды түзету әдістерін талдау. Материалдар мен әдістері. Мақалада дене бітімінің бұзылуы мен тыныс алу, жүрек-қан тамырлары және ас қорыту жүйесінің нашарлауы арасындағы байланысты растайтын заманауи зерттеулер талданады. Сонымен қатар психоэмоционалды аспектілер де талқыланады. Себебі, бала денесінің мүсіні бұзылған жағдайларда өзін-өзі бағалау мен әлеуметтік бейімделу мәселелері жиі кездеседі. Негізгі алынған нәтижелер физикалық терапия мен арнайы жаттығуларды қоса алғанда, мүсіннің бұзылуын ерте диагностикалау және түзету бойынша негізгі ұсынымдарды ұсынады. Сонымен қатар, балалар арасында ауру деңгейін төмендету үшін білім беру мекемелеріне алдын алу бағдарламаларын енгізу қажеттілігіне баса назар аударылады. Қорытынды. Дене бітімі мен тірек-қимыл аппараты балалардың дамуында маңызды рөл атқарады. Сонымен қатар дененің басқа жүйелерінің жұмысына әсер етеді. Сколиоз және кифоз сияқты дененің бұзылуы тыныс алу, жүрек және жүйке жүйесінің мәселелеріне әкелуі мүмкін. Дене шынықтыру мен физиотерапияны қолдана отырып біз ерте аурудың көрінуі мен кешенді түзету шаралары ауыр аурудың алдын алуға мүмкіндік береді. Осылайша, мақалада тақырыптың өзектілігі жәнеде балалардың жалпы денсаулығы мен өмір сүру сапасына айтарлықтай әсер етуі мүмкін қалыптың бұзылуын шешуге кешенді көзқарастың қажеттілігі атап өтіледі.
PECULIARITIES OF THE COURSE HEPATITIS B AND C INFECTIONS IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Yespotayeva A. , Kabulbayev K. , Kurmanova A. , Gaipov A. , Nersesov A.V. , Shepetov A. , Chingayeva G. , Mustapayeva N. , Gainutdin A.
Published: February 2025

Background. Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) present significant challenges for hemodialysis patients due to impaired immunity and frequent blood exposures. Advancements in antiviral therapies, infection control measures, and vaccination are critical for reducing their burden. Purpose of the review. To evaluate the epidemiology, management, and prevention of HBV and HCV in hemodialysis patients. The review synthesized current research on transmission, infection control, antiviral therapies, and vaccination strategies, emphasizing their role in improving patient outcomes. Materials and methods. A systematic review of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library (2000–2022) using keywords like «Hepatitis B,» «Hepatitis C,» «Hemodialysis,» «Infection Control,» and «Vaccination.» Conclusions: HBV and HCV remain critical concerns in hemodialysis settings. Advances in therapy, combined with preventive measures, are essential for better patient outcomes and infection control.
ОТДАЛЁННЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ПОСЛЕОПЕРАЦИОННОЙ АНАЛЬНОЙ ИНКОНТИНЕНЦИИ У ДЕТЕЙ С АНОРЕКТАЛЬНЫМИ МАЛЬФОРМАЦИЯМИ
Authors: Жунусов М.С. , Теребаев Б.А. , Сейдинов Ш.М. , Турметов И.Ж. , Тулежанов Е.Н.
Published: February 2025

Введение. Нарушение контроля акта дефекации после различных видов хирургических вмешательств по поводу врождённых пороков аноректальной области у детей представляет весьма актуальную проблему не только с медицинской, но и психилогичекой, социальной точек зрения. В независимости от формы анальной инконтиненции (органическая или функциональная) у детей, она является основной причиной, которая препятствует социальной адаптации и полноценной жизни этих пациентов, так как создает серьёзные жизненные трудности для них и их родителей. Цель исследования: Улучшение результатов хирургического лечения послеоперационной анальной инконтиненции у детей. Материалы и методы: Критерием эффективности хирургического лечения послеоперационной анальной инконтиненции у детей с аноректальными пороками бесспорно является изучение отдалённых результатов. С этой целью эффективность отдалённых результатов была изучена нами у 65 (82,2%) пациентов из 79 оперированных детей основной группы в сроки от 6 мес до 5 лет Результаты: Анализ наших исследований хирургического лечения послеоперационной анальной инконтиненции в катамнезе показал хорошие и удовлетворительные отдалённые результаты у 56 (86,1%) пациентов, неудовлетворительные – у 9 (13,9%) из 65 оперированных пациентов. Выводы: Чтобы получить положительные результаты у оперированных пациентов, они должны находиться на диспансерном наблюдении до полного выздоровления, консервативные и реабилитационные мероприятия должны проводиться вовремя и правильно. Только в таком случае можно гарантировать хорошие и удовлетворительные результаты.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ХРОНИЧЕСКОГО АПИКАЛЬНОГО ПЕРИОДОНТИТА С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ МАШИННЫХ ФАЙЛОВ
Authors: Копбаева М.Т. , Омарова Б.А. , Алмаханова А.Н. , Кyльманбетов Р.И. , Досбердиева Г.Т. , Тyлегенова И.М.
Published: February 2025

Сегодня yспех эндодонтического лечения, основным компонентом которого является обязательное механическое yдаление инфицированного слоя корневого канала, зависит от правильно спланированного эндодонтического вмешательства, от знания и тщательного соблюдения его основных принципов, от своевременного и эффективного восстановления анатомической целостности зyба.По этой причине yлyчшение физико-механических свойств сплава, с использованием различных термических и поверхностных обработок позволяет достичь идеальной биомеханической подготовки корня при сохранении первоначальной формы системы корневых каналов. Цель исследования. Клинико-рентгенологическая оценка эффективности механической обработки корневых каналов с системой Endostar для эндодонтического лечения хронического апикального периодонтита, с последyющим пломбированием корневых каналов зyбов. Материал и методы. Было проведено рандомизированное контролирyемое исследование пациентов, которые обратились за стоматологической помощью с диагнозом — хронический апикальный периодонтит (К04.5), в возрасте 18-60 лет. Критерии включения. Соответствие возрастной категории пациентов, подписанное информированное согласие пациента, больные с диагнозом «хронический апикальный периодонтит» (К04.5), отсyтствие общих соматических заболеваний и антибактериальной терапии за последний месяц. Критериями исключения были, пациенты не подходящие в возрастнyю грyппy, отказ пациента принимать yчастие в исследовании, большой очаг дестрyкции в области апекса, беременные, пациенты с сопyтствyющими заболеваниями, подвижность зyба. Резyльтаты исследования. Использование системы Endostar E3 Аzure показало высокyю эффективность для механической обработки корневых каналов при лечении хронического апикального периодонтита (К04.5). Полyченные данные подтверждают, что современные никель-титановые системы, такие как Endostar E3 Azure, прокладывают пyть к более эффективной и безопасной эндодонтии, yлyчшая качество жизни пациентов и снижая риск рецидивов заболевания.
АНАЛИЗ ЗНАНИЙ ВРАЧЕЙ ПО ДИАГНОСТИКЕ И ЛЕЧЕНИЮ СПИНАЛЬНОЙ МЫШЕЧНОЙ АТРОФИИ С ПОМОЩЬЮ РАЗРАБОТАННОГО ВАЛИДИРОВАННОГО ОПРОСНИКА
Authors: Бейсенбаева Г.Г. , Рыскулова А.Р. , Избасарова А.Ш. , Нурлыбаева Г.А. , Жумадилова А.Н.
Published: February 2025

Введение. Спинальная мышечная атрофия (СМА) — тяжелое наследственное заболевание, которое приводит к прогрессирующей мышечной слабости и атрофии вследствие дегенерации мотонейронов. Эффективная диагностика и лечение спинальной мышечной атрофии зависят от уровня знаний медицинских специалистов. В Казахстане наблюдается недостаточная осведомленность врачей, что затрудняет раннее выявление и своевременное лечение. Цель исследования. Целью данного исследования является разработка и оценка валидности опросника, направленного на оценку уровня знаний детских неврологов и педиатров по вопросам диагностики, лечения и реабилитации пациентов с СМА. В частности, исследование направлено на выявление пробелов в знаниях медицинских специалистов, оказывающих первичную медико-санитарную помощь детям, с целью последующей разработки программ повышения квалификации и образовательных курсов. Материалы и методы. Для оценки уровня знаний врачей был разработан опросник, включающий 8 разделов по диагностике и лечению спинальной мышечной атрофии. Валидация проводилась с помощью фокус-группы из 12 экспертов и трёх ведущих детских неврологов. Опрос был проведён среди 37 детских неврологов и 43 педиатров в государственных и частных поликлиниках города Алматы. Данные анализировались с использованием SPSS statistics 26.0 и включали расчёт коэффициента альфа Кронбаха и факторного анализа для оценки валидности и надёжности опросника. Результаты. Коэффициент альфа Кронбаха составил 0.75, что подтверждает высокую внутреннюю согласованность вопросов. Детские неврологи продемонстрировали более высокий уровень знаний по сравнению с педиатрами (р<0,001). Корреляционный анализ показал слабую положительную связь между возрастом и уровнем знаний у неврологов (rxy=0.25), тогда как у педиатров значимых корреляций не выявлено. Заключение. Результаты исследования выявили значительные пробелы в знаниях педиатров о диагностике и лечении спинальной мышечной атрофии. Это подчёркивает необходимость разработки образовательных программ для повышения квалификации врачей первичного звена. Улучшение уровня знаний поможет своевременно выявлять заболевание и улучшить качество лечения пациентов со спинальной мышечной атрофией.
Stereoselective Generation and Use of α-Fluorovinyl Radicals via Mesolytic Cleavage of C(sp2)–S Bond of α-Fluorovinyl Sulfoximines
Authors: Yasui Kosuke , Miyaoka Masayuki , Tomishima Yuichiro , Hirano Koji
Published: February 2025

An unusual configurational stability of α-fluorovinyl radical holds significant potential to synthesize valuable monofluoroalkenes, bioisosteres of amides, in a stereoselective fashion. However, the lack of a suitable precursor for this radical, generated in a stereoselective manner, has hindered its application to the stereoselective synthesis of monofluoroalkenes. Herein, we report the stereoselective generation of the α-fluorovinyl radical, which reacts with disulfide to form α-fluorovinyl sulfides. This method hinges on two key reactions: stereoselective condensation of N-pivaloyl fluoromethyl sulfoximine with an aldehyde to form α-fluorovinyl sulfoximine, and substitution radical-nucleophilic unimolecular (SRN1)-type reaction involving the nontrivial mesolytic cleavage of the C(sp2)–S bond of the resulting α-fluorovinyl sulfoximines. The generation of the α-fluorovinyl radical was supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculation, the Arrhenius equation, and the stereospecificity of the substitution with retention of its original stereochemistry.
Machine learning-driven antiviral libraries targeting respiratory viruses
Authors: Valle-Núñez Gabriela , Cedillo-González Raziel , Avellaneda-Tamayo Juan F. , Saldívar González Fernanda I. , Prado-Romero Diana L. , Medina-Franco José L.
Published: February 2025

Viral infections represent a significant global health concern; therefore, herein we seek to design compound libraries with prospective antiviral activity. Viral diseases can range from mild symptoms to life-threatening conditions, and the impact of these infections has grown due to increased contagious rates driven by globalization. A prime example is the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which emphasized the urgent need to design and develop new antiviral drugs. This study aimed to generate a curated data set of compounds relevant to respiratory infections, focusing on predicting their antiviral activity. Specifically, the study leverages ML classification models to evaluate focused and on-demand compound libraries targeting pathways associated with viral respiratory infections. ML models were trained based on the antiviral biological activity related to respiratory diseases deposited on a major public compound database annotated with biological activity. The models were validated and retrained to classify and design antiviral-focused libraries on seven respiratory targets.
A Gridless Approach to Sampling and Classifying High-Dimensional Conformational Landscapes of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Authors: Ferreira Alexandre , Guo Rui , Marziano Ivan , Salvalaglio Matteo
Published: February 2025

We present a new method for calculating the high-dimensional conformational free energy landscapes of flexible drug-like molecules. Using Density Peaks Advanced's density estimator, the free energy associated with individual configurations sampled from an enhanced sampling simulation can be calculated in a gridless manner, thus enabling the mapping of conformational ensembles in dimensionalities computationally inaccessible to grid-based methods. Due to the physics-based configurational sampling, conformers can be characterized by the configurations corresponding to the density peaks. The gridless nature of this method enables this characterization in the full dimensionality of a flexible molecule's conformation space. This method can produce per-point free energy maps, which enable the study of conformational interchanges in a level of detail previously inaccessible. This method is demonstrated on molecules with 2, 4, and 11-dimensional conformational spaces and is presented alongside a set of consistency checks, which enable the quality of the high-dimensional results to be assessed.
Multiple Molecule λ-Dynamics: Probing Drug Resistance with Concurrent Protein and Ligand Perturbations
Authors: Liesen Michael , Hayes Ryan , Brooks Charles , Vilseck Jonah
Published: February 2025

Though commonly used in drug discovery, alchemical free energy calculations have not been extensively used to explore issues of drug resistance caused by missense mutations to a drug target. Unlike traditional methods, λ-dynamics (λD) can evaluate multiple modifications within a single simulation, however, perturbations on more than one molecule, e.g., in a ligand and receptor, have not been performed previously. In an approach referred to as Multiple Molecule λ-Dynamics (MMλD), simultaneous ligand and protein perturbations are performed in a single simulation to sample a small series of ligands bound to native and T315I mutant Abl kinases, a protein target in chronic myelogenous leukemia associated with drug resistance. MMλD agreement with conventional λD calculations and experiment is high, with mean unsigned errors of 0.21 and 0.79 kcal/mol, respectively. Protein-ligand mutant specific conformational sampling is also identified. Collectively, this work demonstrates that MMλD is a valuable tool for drug-resistance drug discovery.
Impacto de las promociones y descuentos en el comportamiento del consumidor paraguayo y su lealtad hacia la marca
Authors: Kwan Chung Chap Kau , Alegre Brítez Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2025

The study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the impact of promotions and discounts on Paraguayan consumers behavior, focusing on their influence on brand loyalty. It adopts a quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive approach, in order to understand how offers affect purchase decisions. The study population was composed of Paraguayan consumers, selecting a sample of 3521 participants through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Data collection was carried out through structured surveys, using questionnaires with closed-ended questions to ensure the homogeneity and objectivity of the responses. The data obtained were processed and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The results indicated that promotions and discounts have a direct relationship with the increase in purchase frequency, which reflects a positive impact on brand loyalty, contributing significantly to their commercial success and customer loyalty.
Amazon online shopping among college students
Authors: Dharma Ragini R. , Reka R.
Published: February 2025

E-commerce is where consumers place an online order for goods or services. In most cases, the transaction also takes place online. Internet usage is heavily driven by online purchasing, and an increasing number of people are becoming more comfortable making purchases online. Venture capital funds are investing hundreds of millions of dollars in this industry, and Indian consumers are increasingly demonstrating trust in online shopping. Books, electronic devices, train and airline tickets, clothing, gifts, cell phones, computer accessories, CDs, and audio cassettes are among the items that many Indians buy. As a result of growing investment and the rising trend among college students toward online shopping, this study was conducted. The main aim of this study is to examine customer attitudes toward Amazon online shopping and the difficulties customers face while using Amazon. For data analysis, percentage analysis and t-tests were used to interpret the findings. This study investigates the actual situations of 120 respondents based on questionnaire surveys and case analyses. This study recommends that digital marketers focus more on email marketing. It reports that while a larger segment of respondents is influenced by social media, only a smaller portion is attracted by email marketing. The challenges faced by college students in Amazon online shopping were analyzed using a t-test. The analysis revealed that "lack of awareness," "high prices," "high delivery charges," "issues related to product quality," and "poor product descriptions" were significant, as the respective t-tests were significant at the five percent level. Therefore, these variables significantly impact the challenges faced in Amazon online shopping. Amazon can improve customer satisfaction by offering better-quality products at reasonable prices with minimal delivery charges.
The impact of mobile learning applications on the motivation and engagement of iraqi ESP medical students in vocabulary learning
Authors: Aliabd Kadhum
Published: February 2025

This study explores the impact of mobile learning applications on the vocabulary acquisition, motivation, and engagement of Iraqi ESP medical students. This study was conducted with 60 students from Meisan University, who were randomly divided into an experimental group using the Quizlet mobile application and a control group following traditional vocabulary learning methods. To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention, pretest and posttest assessments, including a vocabulary test, motivation questionnaire, and engagement questionnaire, were administered to both groups. The results demonstrate that the experimental group showed significant improvements in vocabulary acquisition, motivation, and engagement compared to the control group. These findings highlight the potential of integrating mobile learning applications in ESP contexts to enhance learning outcomes. The results of this study suggest that educators, syllabus designers, and policymakers should consider incorporating mobile technology into language learning strategies to foster more engaging and effective educational experiences.
Qualitative and quantitative performance optimization of simple gas turbine power plant using three different types of fuel
Authors: Faraj El Sagier , Mohamed A. El Haj
Published: February 2025

Gas turbine power plants are the prime mover of electrical energy in addition to steam power plants in Libya. All of them are using natural gas fuel or liquid diesel when natural gas is unabundant. The purpose of this paper is to optimize the thermodynamic performance of a simple gas turbine power plant using hydrocarbon fuels (natural gas), diesel Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), and the alternative promising hydrogen fuel. Qualitative and quantitative approaches are adopted for optimization analysis. The objective is to assess the potential advantages associated with hydrogen as a carbon-neutral fuel instead of natural gas or diesel for gas turbine power plants producing electricity. The compression ratio within the range of (2 ≤ Pr ≤ 30) is chosen as a decision variable. The environmental conditions are chosen at restricted dead state: T0 = 298.15K, P0 = 101.325 kPa, and relative humidity of 60% in the summer season. Two turbine inlet temperatures are chosen for this study: TIT = 1200K and 1400K. The thermodynamics objective functions are Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC), thermal efficiency ηth, exergy efficiency ε, and electrical power We. The specific exergy destruction is taken as a measure of process satisfaction. It is found that the thermodynamic objective functions are strongly affected by the compression ratio for the turbine inlet temperatures at the same environmental conditions. Furthermore, the hydrogen fuel indicated minimum (SFC) and maximum exergy and energy efficiencies and a maximum W e at the specified mass flow rate of air and fuel. However exergy destruction has its allies a tendency to rise along the changing of compression ratio.
Biomaterial strategies for immune system enhancement and tissue healing
Authors: Atheena Milagi Pandian S. , Rashika Murugan , Sudherson M. , Kriya Sakthi M.
Published: February 2025

Recent biomaterials like nanoparticles, graphene, and functional hydrogels are advancing tissue engineering and disease therapy through immunomodulation, tissue regeneration, and cancer therapy. This study explores the role of biomaterials in enhancing immune responses and promoting tissue regeneration. Implantable biomaterials offer innovative therapeutic effects in various disease situations. Understanding the interactions between biomaterials and host cells is crucial for creating therapeutic biomaterials that facilitate tissue integration and mitigate foreign body reactions. This study emphasizes how biomaterial properties, like size, shape, surface composition, and mechanical characteristics, influence immune cell responses, particularly macrophage polarization, which is crucial for minimizing inflammation and supporting tissue repair. The findings underscore the importance of tailored biomaterial design to mitigate foreign body reactions, improve biocompatibility, and ultimately enhance patient outcomes.
Review on deep learning based image segmentation for brain tumor detection
Authors: Sachin U. Balvir , Nikita Jamgade , Puruvas M. Pathak , Vedant A. Futane , Ujwal C. Khidkikar , Sanskar V. Gaidhane , Saloni R. Thakur
Published: February 2025

The use of machine learning in the detection of brain tumors increases the outcome and result of diagnosing from medical images, particularly MRI. This study also points out the actualization of deep learning models like CNN with an ability to determine and categorize tumors accurately. Reduction in the reliance on ML-sourced interpretation increases cutting-edge tumor detection and differentiation and, thus, might result in benefits for patients. This study highlights the effectiveness of hybrid models, transfer learning, and preprocessing techniques in improving image quality and segmentation precision. Key challenges, including data scarcity and model interpretability, are discussed, as are future directions for refining models and expanding clinical application. Hence, the findings affirm that critical impediments like data availability and model interpretability do not inhibit ML from enhancing the discovery of brain tumors in principle, thus preparing the ground for implementing and deploying ML in actual clinical practice. This study suggests that deep learning can revolutionize brain tumor diagnosis, supporting early detection and optimized treatment planning.
The impact of the lecture approach on students' attitudes towards chemistry: A comparative study of overall, cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions
Authors: Thangavel K.
Published: February 2025

The lecture approach remains a common teaching method in chemistry education. This study aimed to investigate its impact on students' attitudes towards chemistry, focusing on overall, cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions. A pre-test and post-test control group design was employed. This study involved 30 first-year undergraduate chemistry students from Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, India. Data were collected using pre and post-tests administered to the control group. Paired t-tests were used to compare pre-test and post-test scores, with significance levels of 0.01 considered. The lecture approach significantly improved students' overall attitudes towards chemistry (p<0.01), with the pre-test mean of 66.50 increasing to 80.75 post-test. However, when examining individual attitude components, no statistically significant changes were observed in cognitive (pre-test: 83.90, post-test: 90.45), affective (pre-test: 84.65, post-test: 85.90), or behavioral (pre-test: 78.55, post-test: 84.20) attitudes. This study reveals that the lecture approach can positively impact overall attitudes towards chemistry. However, its effects on specific attitudinal components (cognitive, affective, and behavioral) were not statistically significant. These findings contribute to understanding the effectiveness of the lecture approach in chemistry education and highlight the need for further research into teaching methods that can improve specific dimensions of students' attitudes towards chemistry.
Impact on trainees growth and challenges during the internship in B.Ed. course
Authors: Mahdoom Ariffa S. , Raja Mohammed T.
Published: February 2025

In the realm of learning, teaching and learning occur simultaneously, with continuous learning happening through the act of teaching. This study, attributed to Phil Collins, underscores the symbiotic nature of teaching and learning. B.Ed. colleges exemplify this concept, where student teachers engage in both learning and teaching within authentic classroom settings. This paper delves into the objectives, the role of the student teacher, the efficacy of the teaching program, and the challenges encountered in the B.Ed. Internship Program. According to NCTE regulations, student teachers are required to complete a sixteen-week internship during the second year of the B.Ed. course, fostering comprehensive development. The aim is to assess the internship's impact on trainees' growth and thoroughly examine the challenges they face. The assessment encompasses fifty questions across ten dimensions: classroom management, lesson planning, personal constraints, instructional objectives, infrastructure, workload, emotional aspects, mentoring, educational technology, and evaluation methods. Two hundred samples were gathered from B.Ed. students enrolled in various colleges across Tamil Nadu in India. A random sampling technique was used. Percentage analysis was employed as the analysis technique. The results show that the students highly applied their skills in their teaching practice.
A survey study on the status of life skills of secondary students of dakshina Kannada district
Authors: Shakeela K.
Published: February 2025

Life skills education is important for the holistic development of individuals, the progress of the country, and for navigating the complexities of the modern world. This study aimed to examine the status of life skills among secondary students. The sample consisted of 380 secondary students from Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka, India, selected through two- stage simple random sampling. The Life Skills scale, constructed and validated by the researcher, was used in this study. Statistical techniques such as mean, standard deviation, and 't' tests were employed for data analysis. The results reveal that the majority of secondary students possess an average level of life skills. Furthermore, there is a significant difference in life skills between Kannada Medium and English Medium students, and between boys and girls.
Methods for enhancing memory performance in a type of learning (forgetting) of categorized mind states
Authors: Shruthi Sukhadev Jarali
Published: February 2025

The various ways in which forgetting, an inherent component of the human memory process, occurs are essential for understanding cognitive function and memory control. This paper investigates the main categories of forgetting, including retrieval failure, decay, interference, motivated or conscious forgetting, and encoding failures. Retrieval failure, which is frequently associated with the phenomenon of the tongue tipping over, happens when memories are present but momentarily unavailable. Information from before or after can interfere with memory retention. This interference can be either proactive or retroactive. According to the theory of decay, memories may deteriorate with time as a result of decreased brain activity or use. Suppression and repression are examples of motivated forgetting, which is the conscious or unconscious attempt to block out painful memories. Encoding failures happen when information is not sufficiently relevant or paid enough attention to go into long-term memory. This paper aims to clarify the intricacies of memory functions with respect to mind states that offer perspectives on possible approaches for improving teaching methods, treating memory-related illnesses, and reducing unintentional forgetfulness from the point of view of conscious, subconscious, and unconscious memory functions.
Effectiveness of outdoor teaching activities on basic science process skills of secondary school students
Authors: Rekha  , Shakeela K.
Published: February 2025

This paper investigated the effect of outdoor teaching activities on secondary school students' acquisition of science process skills in science. Two research questions and two null hypotheses guided this study. This study adopted a single- group pre-test post-test quasi-experimental design. This study was conducted in the Mangalore North cluster of Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India, and has a target population of 9000 students from government secondary schools. A total of 44 students were sampled from one intact school class for this study. A standardized Basic Science Process Skill constructed by Michael J. Padilla, Linda Cronin, and Meghan Twiest was used for data collection. Data collected were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and t test. Data analysis results show that there is a significant difference in pre-test and post-test scores of “Test on Basic Process Skill” among boys and girls students. This study revealed that students taught using outdoor activities is effective to enhance students's acquisition of science process skills irrespective of gender.
Analysis of Penggaron Terminal User Activities Using Person-Centered Maps, Place-Centered Maps, and Physical Trace Methods
Authors: Anggraini Dini Silvia , Ikhsani Muhammad Azmy , Masyitoh Husnul , Pratama Hilba Yoga
Published: February 2025

Penggaron Terminal in Semarang City, as one of the main terminals, faces problems related to the use of space that is not optimal. Many users prefer to do activities around the red light at the terminal entrance rather than inside the terminal itself, which causes vehicle congestion and illegal bus parking. This study aims to optimize the use of the terminal and overcome the problem of illegal parking by using the Person Centered Maps, Place Centered Maps, and Physical Trace methods. These methods are used to map user movement patterns, identify space usage, and analyze physical traces left at the terminal. The results of the study indicate that users gather more often outside the terminal, and there is irregularity in the management of space and parking that affects the smoothness of traffic. Based on this analysis, it is recommended to rearrange the parking area, improve facilities inside the terminal, and install clear signs to optimize the function of the terminal. The implementation of this solution is expected to improve the safety, comfort, and efficiency of terminal use, as well as support the smooth flow of traffic around the Terminal area.
Coworking Space and Library with a Humanist Architectural Approach
Authors: Hangin Afra Akwila , Setyowati Wiwit , Purnomo Andi , Pratiwi Isna
Published: February 2025

Semarang City is one of the big cities, of course, has a population growth rate that increases every year. To improve the quality of the needs of community activity spaces, we currently need a container that can accommodate individual and group activities. Coworking Space and Library is a building that was built to be a social and informative forum for the community, especially in Semarang City. The Coworking Space and Library was built to overcome the decline in the level of reading and social life of the community using the Humanist Architecture Approach, it is hoped that this can give the impression of safety and comfort and function as expected. The method used is the descriptive method, carried out by collecting and analyzing data to obtain planning and design concepts. The Humanist Architecture Approach prioritizes the five basic human needs according to Abraham Maslow and the elaboration of the theory by Jhon Lang, namely Physiological Needs, Safety Needs, Belonging Needs, Esteem Needs, and Self Actualization Needs. The application of this theory can solve the problem of the achievement of the Coworking Space and Library building in Semarang City.
To the question of attribution of furnace tiles of the 18th century from the Peter and Paul church in Veliky Ustyug
Authors:   State Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve, Skupchenko Lyudmila A.
Published: February 2025

Using the example of the collection of tiles of the Veliky Ustyug Museum-Reserve and by analyzing the materials of the archive of A. V. Filippov, the process of attribution of museum objects is revealed, their artistic and design features are clarified and the information presented in publications on the tiles of Veliky Ustyug is supplemented. A complex of stove tiles from the middle of the 18th century from the collection of the Veliky Ustyug State Museum-Reserve, numbering more than 300 items, is getting introduced into scientific circulation. For the first time, a photograph of the furnace of the Peter and Paul Church from the archive of A. V. Filippov, taken by L. I. Sviontkovskaya in the summer of 1914 during her stay in Veliky Ustyug, is published, allowing to present the appearance and install one of the design options for tiled stoves in refectory-type temples. Determining the place of existence and artistic features of the set is important in the process of recreating the interior elements of the now lost architectural monument – the Peter and Paul Church in Veliky Ustyug. The information obtained complements the idea of the stages of development of the Ustyug tile school.
Sheremetev Kunstkamera based on the materials of the Inventory of 1764. Reconstruction experience
Authors:   Ostankino and Kuskovo State Museum and Nature Reserve, Efremova Irina K.
Published: February 2025

The work is devoted to the study of the text of the Inventory of the Kunstkamera of 1764 as an important source on the history of collecting and gathering in the first half of the 18th century. The analysis of the text shows that the Kunstkamera, being a typical collection of rarities for its time, at the same time met the personal tastes and ambitions of the Sheremetevs, who collected here family heirlooms and precious rarities associated with the personality of Field Marshal Boris Petrovich Sheremetev and other representatives of the count's family. No less important was the ethnographic collection, mainly of Chinese art. The factual material contained in the Inventory allows us to imagine the scale of Sheremetev's collecting and identify individual items preserved in the State Museum-Reserve «Ostankino and Kuskovo», trace the history of their existence and clarify the attribution.
Spodoptera frugiperda Pest Report to support the ranking of EU candidate priority pests
Authors:   European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Nougadère Alexandre , Rzpecka Daria , Makowski David , Scala Marica , Sánchez Berta , Baldassarre Federica , Tramontini Sara , Vos Sybren
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In 2022, EFSA was mandated by the European Commission's Directorate‐General for Health and Food Safety (M‐2022‐00070) to provide technical assistance on the list of Union quarantine pests qualifying as priority pests, as specified in Article 6(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 on protective measures against plant pests. As part of Task C, EFSA conducted comprehensive expert knowledge elicitations on candidate priority pests, focusing on the lag period, rate of expansion and the impact on production (yield and quality losses) and the environment. This report provides the rationale for the dataset on Spodoptera frugiperda, delivered to the European Commission's Joint Research Centre, to feed into the Impact Indicator for Priority Pest (I2P2) model and complete the pest prioritisation ranking exercise.
Popillia japonica Pest Report to support the ranking of EU candidate priority pests
Authors:   European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Tramontini Sara , Antoniou Alexia , Gilioli Gianni , Krusteva Roumiana , Sánchez Berta , Scala Marica , Nougadère Alexandre , Vos Sybren
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In 2022, EFSA was mandated by the European Commission's Directorate‐General for Health and Food Safety (M‐2022‐00070) to provide technical assistance on the list of Union quarantine pests qualifying as priority pests, as specified in Article 6(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 on protective measures against plant pests. As part of Task C, EFSA conducted comprehensive expert knowledge elicitations for candidate priority pests on the lag period, rate of expansion and impacts on production (yield and quality losses) and the environment. This report provides the rationale for the dataset on Popillia japonica, delivered to the European Commission's Joint Research Centre, to feed the Impact Indicator for Priority Pest (I2P2) model and complete the pest prioritisation ranking exercise.
DIGITAL CURRENCY IN INDIA: A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: Malik Pooja , Anita
Published: February 2025

In today’s world , everything has been digitalised. The currency has also been digitalised. The RBI launched a pilot project for e rupee or digital rupee on 1 November, 2022. This is a pilot project which is conducted in 4 cities of India- Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Bhubaneshwar. Now the people have not required to take physical wallet in their pocket. In future , the physical currency will not be seen in the hands of general public. This is accepted as a legal tender. It includes the benefit of cryptocurrency and Fiat money. The physical wallet is replaced with digital wallet. Here, front end and back end transactions will be executed immediately. Many countries like China , Bahamas, Nigeria etc. have their own CBDC. This paper has been drafted to throw a light on the purpose behind the launch of digital currency by RBI , historical background and the issues and challenges of implementing e-rupee. This paper gives a glimpse of the current global scenario of central bank digital currency.