bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling Participation Behaviors in Design Crowdsourcing Using a Bipartite Network-Based Approach
Authors: Sha Zhenghui , Chaudhari Ashish M. , Panchal Jitesh H.
Published: January 2019

This paper analyzes participation behaviors in design crowdsourcing by modeling interactions between participants and design contests as a bipartite network. Such a network consists of two types of nodes, participant nodes and design contest nodes, and the links indicating participation decisions. The exponential random graph models (ERGMs) are utilized to test the interdependence between participants' decisions. ERGMs enable the utilization of different network configurations (e.g., stars and triangles) to characterize different forms of dependencies and to identify the factors that influence the link formation. A case study of an online design crowdsourcing platform is carried out. Our results indicate that designer, contest, incentive, and factors of dependent relations have significant effects on participation in online contests. The results reveal some unique features about the effects of incentives, e.g., the fraction of total prize allocated to the first prize negatively influences participation. Further, we observe that the contest popularity modeled by the alternating k-star network statistic has a significant influence on participation, whereas associations between participants modeled by the alternating two-path network statistic do not. These insights are useful to system designers for initiating effective crowdsourcing mechanisms to support product design and development. The approach is validated by applying the estimated ERGMs to predict participants' decisions and comparing with their actual decisions.
Correlation of Head Impact Exposures With Vestibulo-Ocular Assessments
Authors: Miyashita Theresa L. , Ullucci Paul A.
Published: January 2019

Context: Managing a concussion injury should involve the incorporation of a multifaceted approach, including a vision assessment. The frontoparietal circuits and subcortical nuclei are susceptible to trauma from a concussion injury, leading to dysfunction of the vestibulo-ocular system. Research investigating the effect of cumulative subconcussive impacts on neurological function is still in its infancy, but repetitive head impacts may result in vestibular system dysfunction. This dysfunction could create visual deficits, predisposing the individual to further head trauma. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the cumulative effect of subconcussive impacts on minimum perception time, static visual acuity, gaze stability, and dynamic visual acuity scores. Design: Prospective cohort. Setting: Division I university. Patients: Thirty-three Division I men’s lacrosse players (age = 19.52 [1.20] y). Intervention: Competitive lacrosse season. Main Outcome Measures: At the beginning and end of the season, the players completed a vestibulo-ocular reflex assessment, using the InVision™ system by Neurocom® to assess perception, static acuity, gaze stability, and dynamic visual acuity. Score differentials were correlated with the head impact exposure data collected via instrumented helmets. Results: A significant correlation was found between change in perception scores and total number of head impacts (r = .54), and between changes in dynamic visual acuity loss scores on the rightside and maximum rotational acceleration (r = .36). No statistical differences were found between preseason and postseason vestibulo-ocular reflex variables. Conclusions: Cumulative subconcussive impacts may negatively affect vestibulo-ocular reflex scores, resulting in decreased visual performance. This decrease in vestibulo-ocular function may place the athlete at risk of sustaining additional head impacts or other injuries.
Ocean mesoscale mixing linked to climate variability
Authors: Busecke Julius J. M. , Abernathey Ryan P.
Published: January 2019

Satellite observations show ocean mixing connected to global climate variability due to changes in large scale circulation.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutations in
MYBPC3
dysregulate myosin
Authors: Toepfer Christopher N. , Wakimoto Hiroko , Garfinkel Amanda C. , McDonough Barbara , Liao Dan , Jiang Jianming , Tai Angela C. , Gorham Joshua M. , Lunde Ida G. , Lun Mingyue , Lynch Thomas L. , McNamara James W. , Sadayappan Sakthivel , Redwood Charles S. , Watkins Hugh C. , Seidman Jonathan G. , Seidman Christine E.
Published: January 2019

Mutations in
MYBPC3
disrupt myosin states of relaxation, and manipulating myosin therapeutically abates the effects of
MYBPC3
mutations.
Therapeutic targeting of the RB1 pathway in retinoblastoma with the oncolytic adenovirus VCN-01
Authors: Pascual-Pasto Guillem , Bazan-Peregrino Miriam , Olaciregui Nagore G. , Restrepo-Perdomo Camilo A. , Mato-Berciano Ana , Ottaviani Daniela , Weber Klaus , Correa Genoveva , Paco Sonia , Vila-Ubach Monica , Cuadrado-Vilanova Maria , Castillo-Ecija Helena , Botteri Gaia , Garcia-Gerique Laura , Moreno-Gilabert Helena , Gimenez-Alejandre Marta , Alonso-Lopez Patricia , Farrera-Sal Marti , Torres-Manjon Silvia , Ramos-Lozano Dolores , Moreno Rafael , Aerts Isabelle , Doz François , Cassoux Nathalie , Chapeaublanc Elodie , Torrebadell Montserrat , Roldan Monica , König Andrés , Suñol Mariona , Claverol Joana , Lavarino Cinzia , Carmen de Torres , Fu Ligia , Radvanyi François , Munier Francis L. , Catalá-Mora Jaume , Mora Jaume , Alemany Ramón , Cascalló Manel , Chantada Guillermo L. , Carcaboso Angel M.
Published: January 2019

An oncolytic adenovirus shows antitumor efficacy in patient-derived models of intraocular retinoblastoma and appears safe for human use.
Cyclin G1 and TASCC regulate kidney epithelial cell G
2
-M arrest and fibrotic maladaptive repair
Authors: Canaud Guillaume , Brooks Craig R. , Kishi Seiji , Taguchi Kensei , Nishimura Kenji , Magassa Sato , Scott Adam , Hsiao Li-Li , Ichimura Takaharu , Terzi Fabiola , Yang Li , Bonventre Joseph V.
Published: January 2019

Cyclin G1 regulates G
2
-M arrest in proximal tubular cells, promoting a TASCC-induced secretory phenotype, fibrosis, and kidney disease progression.
Biologically mediated weathering in modern cryptogamic ground covers and the early Paleozoic fossil record
Authors: Mitchell Ria L. , Strullu-Derrien Christine , Kenrick Paul
Published: January 2019

Specific micro-weathering features and biochemically derived residues formed by living organisms can be used as biomarkers to infer the presence of biological communities within sedimentary units of ancient ecosystems. We examined basaltic soil minerals from modern cryptogamic ground covers (CGCs) in Iceland and compared these with two early Paleozoic fossil systems. Nine biologically mediated weathering features (BWFs) were identified in modern soils including micron-scale surface trenching and penetrative tunnels, which are attributed to the actions of bacteria, fungi and exudates. Specific BWFs are associated with Fe residues, and with Fe-rich bio-precipitated nodules. Further, putative comparable features and Fe enrichment are identified in palaeosols from the late Silurian (Llansteffan, south Wales) and the Early Devonian (Rhynie chert, Scotland). Although we are cautious about attributing biological affinity to individual isolated features, our results demonstrate the potential of using multiple BWF types as a collective together with their chemical signatures as new proxies to understand community structure and interactions in early terrestrial ecosystems. This new information is the first evidence of interactions between ancient CGC-like organisms and substrate or soil inorganic components in the fossil record, and demonstrates the ability of CGC-like biospheres to contribute to mineral weathering, soil development and biogeochemical cycling during the early Paleozoic.

Supplementary material:
Fieldwork geomorphological information and triplot SEM-EDS data are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4373717
Malformations of Cerebral Cortex Development: Molecules and Mechanisms
Authors: Juric-Sekhar Gordana , Hevner Robert F.
Published: January 2019

Malformations of cortical development encompass heterogeneous groups of structural brain anomalies associated with complex neurodevelopmental disorders and diverse genetic and nongenetic etiologies. Recent progress in understanding the genetic basis of brain malformations has been driven by extraordinary advances in DNA sequencing technologies. For example, somatic mosaic mutations that activate mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in cortical progenitor cells during development are now recognized as the cause of hemimegalencephaly and some types of focal cortical dysplasia. In addition, research on brain development has begun to reveal the cellular and molecular bases of cortical gyrification and axon pathway formation, providing better understanding of disorders involving these processes. New neuroimaging techniques with improved resolution have enhanced our ability to characterize subtle malformations, such as those associated with intellectual disability and autism. In this review, we broadly discuss cortical malformations and focus on several for which genetic etiologies have elucidated pathogenesis.
Role of mTORC1 in mechanically induced increases in translation and skeletal muscle mass
Authors: Goodman Craig A.
Published: January 2019

Skeletal muscle mass is, in part, regulated by the rate of mRNA translation (i.e., protein synthesis). The conserved serine/threonine kinase, mTOR (the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin), found in the multiprotein complex, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), is a major positive regulator of protein synthesis. The purpose of this review is to describe some of the critical steps in translation initiation, mTORC1 and its potential direct and indirect roles in regulating translation, and evidence that mTORC1 regulates protein synthesis and muscle mass, with a particular focus on basal conditions and the response to mechanical stimuli. Current evidence suggests that for acute contraction models of mechanical stimuli, there is an emerging pattern suggesting that there is an early increase in protein synthesis governed by a rapamycin-sensitive mTORC1-dependent mechanism, while at later poststimulation time points, the mechanism may change to a rapamycin-insensitive mTORC1-dependent or even an mTORC1-independent mechanism. Furthermore, evidence suggests that mTORC1 appears to be absolutely necessary for muscle fiber hypertrophy induced by chronic mechanical loading but may only play a partial role in the hypertrophy induced by more intermittent types of acute resistance exercise, with the possibility of mTORC1-independent mechanisms also playing a role. Despite the progress that has been made, many questions about the activation of mTORC1, and its downstream targets, remain to be answered. Further research will hopefully provide novel insights into the regulation of skeletal muscle mTORC1 that may eventually be translated into novel exercise programing and/or targeted pharmacological therapies aimed at preventing muscle wasting and/or increasing muscle mass.
Fourier Descriptors Based Expert Decision Classification of Plug Seedlings
Authors: He Yanhu , Wang Rongyang , Wang Yanfeng , Wu Chuanyu
Published: January 2019

To enable automatic transplantation of plug seedlings and improve identification accuracy, an algorithm to identify ideal seedling leaf sets based on Fourier descriptors is developed, and a classification method based on expert system is adopted to improve the identification rate of the plug seedlings. First, the image of the plug seedlings is captured by image acquisition system, followed by application of K‐means clustering for image segmentation and binary processing and identification of the ideal seedling leaf set by Fourier descriptors. Then we obtain feature vectors, such as gray scale (R + B + G)/3, hue H, and rectangularity. After that the knowledge model of the plug seedlings is defined, and the inference engine based on knowledge is designed. Finally, the recognizing test is carried out. The success rate of the identification of 10 varieties of plug seedlings from 190 plates is 98.5%. For the same sample, the recognizing rate of support vector machine (SVM) is 85%, the recognizing rate of particle‐swarm optimization SVM (PSOSVM) is 87%, the recognizing rate of back propagation neural network (BP) is 63%, and the recognizing rate of Fourier descriptors SVM (FDSVM) is 87%. These results show that our recognition method based on an expert system satisfies the requirements of automatic transplanting.
Corrosion Failure of AISI4340 Steel in Oxygen-Containing Aqueous Chloride Solution
Authors: Zhang Ping , Shi Yafei , Zhao Hanqing , Zhang Fulin , Zhang Guoqiang , Rao Sixian
Published: January 2019

Stress corrosion cracking behavior of 4340 steel in oxygen-containing or chloride containing aqueous solution was researched, the tensile experiment results indicated 100°C deaerated distilled water, the rupture of 4340 steel mainly belongs to ductile fracture, the addition of oxygen or chloride would increase the SCC tendency of 4340 steel and transformed the rupture mechanism from ductile fracture to brittle rupture, the existence of oxygen or chloride would decreaseKISCCof 4340 steel in 100°C aqueous solution slightly, the simultaneous action of oxygen and chloride existed, and the simultaneous action would further increase the SCC tendency of 4340 steel in aqueous solution.
Active Fault Tolerant Control Design for LPV Systems with Simultaneous Actuator and Sensor Faults
Authors: Tayari Raouaa , Ben Brahim Ali , Ben Hmida Fayçal , Sallami Anis
Published: January 2019

The present paper addresses the problem of robust active fault tolerant control (FTC) for uncertain linear parameter varying (LPV) systems with simultaneous actuator and sensor faults. First, fault estimation (FE) scheme is designed based on two adaptive sliding mode observers (SMO). Second, using the information of simultaneous system state, actuator, and sensor faults, two active FTC are conceived for LPV systems described with polytopic representation as state feedback control and sliding mode control. The stability of closed‐loop systems is guaranteed by mean of H∞ performance; sufficient conditions of the proposed methods are derived in LMIs formulation. The performance effectiveness of FTC design is illustrated using a VTOL aircraft system with both sensor and actuator faults as well as disturbances. In addition, comparative simulations are provided to verify the benefits of the proposed methods.
Effect of SSI on Vibration Control of Structures with Tuned Vibration Absorbers
Authors: Elias Said
Published: January 2019

This paper investigates the effect of considering soil‐structure interaction (SSI) in seismic responses of reinforced concrete (RC) chimneys installed by distributed tuned vibration absorbers vertically (d‐MTVAs). A multimode control approach is used to design the d‐MTVAs. Two‐dimensional (2D) RC chimney is the assembly of beam elements. Frequency‐independent constants for the springs and dashpots are used for modeling the raft and the surrounding soil. The equations of motion for nonclassically damped systems are derived and solved using Newmark’s method. The effectiveness of the d‐MTVAs is weighed against the case of single tuned vibration absorber (STVA), d‐MTVAs suppressing the first modal responses (d‐MTVAs‐1), and randomly distributed MTVAs (ad‐MTVAs). Additionally, parametric studies are conducted for varying mass and damping ratios in the STVA, d‐MTVAs‐1, ad‐MTVAs, and d‐MTVAs. In order to show the efficiency in the STVA, d‐MTVAs‐1, ad‐MTVAs, and d‐MTVAs cases, responses (displacement and acceleration) at top of the RC chimney while subjected to different real earthquake excitations are computed. It is concluded that the STVA, d‐MTVAs‐1, ad‐MTVAs, and d‐MTVAs are effective in response mitigation of the RC chimney; however, d‐MTVAs are more efficient while considering equal total mass of the TVA(s). Moreover, the soil type significantly influenced the design parameters of the STVA/d‐MTVAs‐1/ad‐MTVAs/d‐MTVAs and seismic response of the RC chimney.
Anti–PD-L1 Treatment Results in Functional Remodeling of the Macrophage Compartment
Authors: Xiong Huizhong , Mittman Stephanie , Rodriguez Ryan , Moskalenko Marina , Pacheco-Sanchez Patricia , Yang Yagai , Nickles Dorothee , Cubas Rafael
Published: January 2019

Checkpoint inhibitors like anti-PD1/PD-L1 have demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy in a subset of patients partly through reinvigoration of CD8 T cells. However, their impact on myeloid cells remains largely unknown. Here, we report that anti–PD-L1 treatment favorably impacts the phenotype and function of tumor macrophages by polarizing the macrophage compartment toward a more proinflammatory phenotype. This phenotype was characterized by a decrease in Arginase-I (ARG1) expression and an increase in iNOS, MHCII, and CD40 expression. Whole-transcriptome profiling further confirmed extensive polarization of both tumor monocytes and macrophages from a suppressive to a proinflammatory, immunostimulatory phenotype. This polarization was driven mainly through IFNγ and was associated with enhanced T-cell activity. Transfer of monocytes into anti–PD-L1–treated tumor-bearing mice led to macrophage differentiation into a more proinflammatory phenotype, with an increase in CD8 T cells expressing granzyme-B and an increase in the CD8/Treg ratio compared with control-treated mice. Although in responsive tumor models, anti–PD-L1 treatment remodeled the macrophage compartment with beneficial effects on T cells, both macrophage reprogramming and depletion were needed to maximize anti–PD-L1 responses in a tumor immune contexture with high macrophage burden. Our results demonstrate that anti–PD-L1 treatment can favorably remodel the macrophage compartment in responsive tumor models toward a more proinflammatory phenotype, mainly through increased IFNγ levels. They also suggest that directly targeting these cells with reprogramming and depleting agents may further augment the breadth and depth of response to anti–PD-L1 treatment in less responsive or more macrophage-dense tumor microenvironments.

Significance:

This work demonstrates that increased IFNγ signaling following anti–PD-L1 treatment can remodel the macrophage compartment to enhance T-cell responses.
LIMS1 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Cell Survival under Oxygen–Glucose Deprivation Conditions by Enhancing HIF1A Protein Translation
Authors: Huang Chongbiao , Li Yang , Li Zengxun , Xu Yang , Li Na , Ge Yi , Dong Jie , Chang Antao , Zhao Tiansuo , Wang Xiuchao , Wang Hongwei , Yang Shengyu , Xie Keping , Hao Jihui , Ren He
Published: January 2019

Purpose:

Oxygen and glucose deprivation is a common feature of the solid tumor. Regulatory network underlying the adaptation of cancer cells to the harsh microenvironment remains unclear. We determined the mechanistic role of LIM and senescent cell antigen-like–containing domain protein 1 (LIMS1) in cancer cell survival under oxygen–glucose deprivation conditions.

Experimental Design:

The expression level of LIMS1 was determined by IHC staining and analyzing the mRNA expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas of three human solid tumors. Roles of LIMS1 in cancer cell metabolism and growth were determined by molecular and cell biology methods. A jetPEI nanocarrier was used as the vehicle for anti-LIMS1 siRNAs in mouse models of cancer therapeutics.

Results:

LIMS1 expression was drastically elevated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). High LIMS1 level was associated with advanced TNM stage and poor prognosis of patients with tumor. Increased LIMS1 expression was pivotal for tumor cells to survive in the oxygen–glucose deprivation conditions. Mechanistically, LIMS1 enhanced GLUT1 expression and membrane translocation, which facilitated tumor cell adaptation to the glucose deprivation stress. Furthermore, LIMS1 promoted HIF1A protein translation by activating AKT/mTOR signaling, while hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) transactivated LIMS1 transcription, thus forming a positive feedback loop in PDAC cell adaptation to oxygen deprivation stress. Inhibition of LIMS1 with jetPEI nanocarrier–delivered anti-LIMS1 siRNAs significantly increased cell death and suppressed tumor growth.

Conclusions:

LIMS1 promotes pancreatic cancer cell survival under oxygen–glucose deprivation conditions by activating AKT/mTOR signaling and enhancing HIF1A protein translation. LIMS1 is crucial for tumor adaptation to oxygen–glucose deprivation conditions and is a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
ALK Negative Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor Synchronous with Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Sandoval Letícia , França Marcos Vinícius , Sanmartino Daniel , Zattar Piazera Flávia
Published: January 2019

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor or inflammatory pseudotumor was first described by Brunn in 1932. Umiker et al. named it so in 1954 for its ability to mimic malignancy clinically and radiologically [Med Pediatr Oncol 2000; 35(5): 484–7]. This tumor, characterized by its rareness, affects mainly the lung and the orbit. Histologically, the tumor is characterized by the presence of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, polymorphs, lymphocytes, and neutrophils. This case report and review of literature present a male patient, 37 years old, with a bulky mediastinal lesion at the topography of the 4th rib. Histopathology reveals Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL) concomitant with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). This report aims to emphasize the relevance of differential diagnoses to a better medical assistance. To the best of our knowledge, a case with this characteristic has never been seen before.
Clinical Outcomes of Arteriovenous Access in Incident Hemodialysis Patients with Medicare Coverage, 2012–2014
Authors: Bylsma Lauren C. , Reichert Heidi , Gage Shawn M. , Roy-Chaudhury Prabir , Nordyke Robert J. , Fryzek Jon , Dahl Shannon L.M. , Lithgow Theodore , Lawson Jeffrey H.
Published: January 2019

Background: Chronic hemodialysis requires a mode of vascular access through an arteriovenous fistula (AVF), a prosthetic arteriovenous graft (AVG), or a central venous catheter (CVC). AVF is recommended over AVG or CVC due to increased patency and decreased intervention rates for those that mature. AVG are preferred over CVC due to decreased infection and mortality risk. The aims of this study were to evaluate the lifespan of AVF and AVG in maturation, sustained access use, and abandonment. Methods: The United States Renal Data System (USRDS), Medicare claims, and CROWNWeb were used to identify access placements. Patients with a first end-stage renal disease (ESRD) service from January 1, 2012 to June 30, 2014 with continuous coverage with Medicare as primary payer and ≥1 AVF or AVG placed after ESRD onset were included. Maturation was defined as the first use of the access for hemodialysis recorded in CROWNWeb. Sustained access use was defined as 3 consecutive months of use without catheter placement or replacement. Accesses that were never used at any time post-placement were considered abandoned. Results: The cohort included 38,035 AVF placements and 12,789 AVG placements. Sixty-nine percent of AVF and 72% of AVG matured. Fifty-two percent of AVF and 51% of AVG achieved sustained access use. One quarter of AVF and 14% of AVG were abandoned without use as recorded in CROWNWeb. Conclusion: Although considered the gold standard for vascular access, only half of AVF and AVG placements achieved sustained access use. The USRDS database has inherent limitations but provides useful clinical insight into maturation, sustained use, and abandonment.
Intracameral Air and Fibrin Glue for the Management of Late Bleb Leak following Glaucoma Surgery
Authors: Hayat Mohammed R. , Mollah Fatema S. , Kishore Kamal
Published: January 2019

Background and Objectives: To report a case of delayed-onset bleb-associated endophthalmitis (BAE) with bleb leak successfully managed with pars plana vitrectomy, intravitreal antibiotics, intracameral air, and fibrin glue. Patient and Methods: A 66-year-old pseudophakic female presented with BAE and bleb leak. A 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy, cultures, and intravitreal antibiotics and steroid injections were performed. The infusion was switched to air filling the anterior chamber and bleb with air. Fibrin glue (Tisseel®) was applied over the leaking bleb. Results: BAE and bleb leak resolved with return of visual acuity to 20/25 and a functioning bleb with no recurrence of bleb leak after 1 year of follow-up. Conclusion: The combination of intracameral air and fibrin glue may have a role in the management of bleb leaks.
Epidemiological Profile of Patients of Aged 65 Years and Over in a University Private Hospital
Authors: Conde-Flores Emilio , Dorantes-Heredia Rita , Motola-Kuba Daniel , Grimaldo-Roque Hiram Josué , Martínez-Sámano Julio Eduardo , Ruiz-Morales Jose Manuel
Published: January 2019

Objectives: An increase in life expectancy is predicted for the general population and, by 2050, about one billion people will be older than 65 years. The Global Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence database estimates that 1.2 million people of this age will have cancer; this number represents 58% of new cases in the American population. This represents a challenge for diagnosis and treatment, given that some older people have multiple comorbidities and disabilities. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study of 204 patients aged 65 years and over. All had a solid tumor that was diagnosed in a private hospital from January 2015 to December 2017. Results: The median age was 72.2 years; the most frequent age group (48.5% of patients) was 65–75 years, and only a small percentage (4.4%) were aged > 85 years. The most common type of cancer was lung cancer (22.5%), followed by colorectal and urinary cancer. Most patients received cancer treatment after the disease diagnosis. Conclusion: There are no epidemiological studies of the older oncology population in Mexico. We believe it is necessary to perform larger studies to understand this population and to undertake actions to facilitate greater attention to patient diagnosis, treatment, and alleviation.
EFFECT OF SALINITY ON THE SURVIVAL, GROWTH AND IMMUNITY RATE OF JUVENILE SEA CUCUMBERS (Holothuria scabra)
Authors: Sembiring Sari Budi Moria , Wibawa Gigih Setia , Hutapea Jhon Harianto , Giri I Nyoman Adiasmara
Published: January 2019

Sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) is important species as food and medicine especially for Chinese market. It Â is a stenohaline and osmoconforming organism with a low level of tolerance to salinity change. Salinity of the medium is one of the environmental factors that affect the physiology and survival of juvenile sea cucumbers. This study was aimed at assessing the effect of different salinities on the growth, survival and immunity rate of juvenile sea cucumbers (Holothuria scabra) and also determining the suitable salinity level for the optimal growth, survival and immunity rate of the sea cucumbers. ThisÂ  experiment Â used a completely randomized design with 5 salinity treatments: 24, 29, 34, 39, and 44 ppt with 3 replications using fifteen30 L-fiber glass tanks. The juvenile sea cucumbers measured 4.4 Â± 0.2 cm in total length and 5.6 Â± 0.3 g in body weight. The juveniles were raised at 15 individuals/tank, fed with cultured fresh benthos once a day in the afternoon. Coelomate was taken from the sea cucumber juveniles from each tank Â and used to determinie the immunity rate and also for the osmolality. The data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukeyâ€™s test at 5% level of significance. The salinity of the medium significantly affected (P < 0.05) the growth, survival rate and immunity rate of sea cucumber juveniles. The 24 - 34 ppt salinity can support survival rate up to 100%, high growth (6.47 â€“ 7.10 g) and immunity rate (27 â€“ 76Â  x 104phagocytic cell/mL), while the 44 ppt salinity has resulted in not only a low survival rate (55.6%), but also had a bad effect on osmolality (303 Â± 3.5 mOs-mol kg-1), growth (3.12 Â± 0.34 g), and immunity (209 x 104 phagocytic cell/mL).
Justicia carajensis, a new species of Acanthaceae from the Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brazil
Authors: SILVA FABIO ARAÚJO DA , GIL ANDRÉ DOS SANTOS BRAGANÇA , KAMEYAMA CÍNTIA
Published: January 2019

A new species, Justicia carajensis, is described from the Serra dos Carajás as part of the ongoing taxonomic study of Justicia from the state of Pará in northern Brazil. Morphologically, it belongs to Justicia sect. Chaetothylax, and differs from other species by a combination of characters of calyx lobe length and indumentum, corolla tube shape, anther morphology, and ovary and fruit indumentum.
Fishes of the family Sternoptychidae (Stomiiformes) collected on the Brazilian continental slope between 11° and 23°S
Authors: LIMA ADRIANO T. , COSTA PAULO A. S. , BRAGA ADRIANA C. , NUNAN GUSTAVO W. A. , MINCARONE MICHAEL M.
Published: January 2019

Recent pelagic and benthic trawling activities over the Brazilian continental slope between 11° and 23°S captured nine species representing five genera of the stomiiform family Sternoptychidae. Among these, three species are new records for Brazilian waters: Sternoptyx pseudodiaphana, Argyripnus atlanticus, and Polyipnus sp. The known distributions of Argyropelecus aculeatus and Maurolicus stehmanni along the Brazilian coast are extended northward to 13°S and 16°S, respectively, while that of Sternoptyx diaphana is extended southward to 13°S. Argyropelecus hemigymnus, Argyropelecus sladeni, and Sternoptyx pseudobscura were rarely caught (n=2–16). A key to the western South Atlantic species of Sternoptychidae is provided.
Akodon polopi Jayat et al., 2010 is a senior subjective synomym of Akodon viridescens Braun et al., 2010
Authors: D’ELÍA GUILLERMO , JAYAT J. PABLO , ORTIZ PABLO E. , SALAZAR-BRAVO JORGE , PARDIÑAS ULYSES F. J.
Published: January 2019

Two new taxa of species level were recently named for grass mice of the genus Akodon (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) from central Argentina: Akodon polopi Jayat, Ortiz, Salazar-Bravo, Pardiñas et D’Elía, 2010 and Akodon viridescens Braun, Mares, Coyner et Van Den Bussche, 2010. Several lines of evidence show that both taxa refer to the same biological species.
A new species of Asthenopus (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae: Asthenopodinae) from Brazil and Colombia
Authors: MOLINERI CARLOS , CRUZ PAULO VILELA , EMMERICH DANIEL
Published: January 2019

A new species of Asthenopus, A. crenulatus sp. nov. is described from adults of both sexes from Brazil and Colombia. The new species is diagnosed by: male foreleg length 0.7–0.9 times the length of fore wing, marginal intercalary veins on the entire margin of fore and hind wings generally shorter than distance between longitudinal veins, forceps and penes long and slender, penes with many subapical spines. This new species is closely related with A. picteti (Hubbard). A key to the male adults of Asthenopus is included.
A survey of clinical laboratory instrument verification in the UK and New Zealand
Authors: Hand Matthew , Crampton Andrea , Thomas Annette , Kilpatrick Eric S
Published: January 2019

Background

Clinical laboratory instrument verification testing is often an accreditation requirement. However, it is not known what verification procedures are in routine use or how often the process identifies problems which need addressing prior to testing clinical samples.

Objective

To investigate which standards are currently being used for laboratory verification in UK and New Zealand (NZ) clinical laboratories and to help establish if the activity justifies the effort required.

Methods

A survey of verification of clinical laboratory instrumentation was distributed to members of the Association for Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine and New Zealand Institute of Medical Laboratory Scientists. The survey consisted of questions on the verification elements used and whether acceptance criteria were met.

Results

Nineteen of 72 (26%) of responders only used organization-developed protocols for verification, 20/72 (28%) solely used national/international guidelines, while 16/72 (22%) used a combination. Manufacturers’ claims were partly or entirely used as acceptance criteria for imprecision (89%), accuracy (64%) and analytical measuring range (94%), with these being met on 61%, 67% and 93% of occasions, respectively. For patient comparison and linearity, acceptance criteria were met by 71% and 91%. Only 27–36% undertook any troubleshooting before accepting a failed component of verification.

Conclusions

Laboratories in the UK and NZ are currently using a variety of verification standards and acceptance criteria for instrument verification. It is common for instruments to fail, especially following the assessment of imprecision and accuracy. While this suggests the process is warranted, only a minority address failed elements before accepting verification.
Defining Summer Gain Among Elementary Students With or at Risk for Reading Disabilities
Authors: Reed Deborah K. , Aloe Ariel M. , Reeger Adam J. , Folsom Jessica Sidler
Published: January 2019

Summer reading programs are a form of extended school year services for students in special education. However, previous studies have not reported including high percentages of participants in special education, nor have studies sufficiently controlled for selection bias. This study combined propensity score weighting with partially clustered models to examine the effects of a summer reading program on the growth in reading skills of K–4 students, roughly 50% to 75% of whom were in special education. Results suggest that students in most grades improved on some but not all skills. However, fewer improvements were apparent when participating students were compared with peers via propensity score analyses. In addition, Grade 3 students in the control group outperformed their peers who attended summer school.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication and small and medium sized enterprises: The governmentality dilemma of explicit and implicit CSR communication
Authors: Morsing Mette , Spence Laura J
Published: January 2019

Businesses that promote corporate social responsibility (CSR) through their supply chains by requiring their suppliers to report on and otherwise communicate their CSR are doing a great thing, aren’t they? In this article, we challenge this assumption by focusing on the impact on small and medium sized enterprise (SME) suppliers when their large customer firms pressurize them to make their implicit CSR communication more explicit. We expose a ‘dark side’ to assumed improvements in CSR reporting within a supply chain. We present a conceptual framework that draws on previous research on communication constitutes organization (CCO) theory, implicit and explicit CSR, and Foucault’s governmentality. We identify and discuss the implications of three resulting dilemmas faced by SMEs: authenticity commercialization, values control and identity disruption. The overarching contribution of our article is to extend theorizing on CSR communication and conceptual research on CSR in SME suppliers (small business social responsibility). From a practice and policy perspective, it is not ultimately clear that promoting CSR reporting among SMEs will necessarily improve socially responsible practice.
Enhanced Delivery of F−, Ca2+, K+, and Na+ Ions into Enamel by Electrokinetic Flows
Authors: Peng C. , de Sousa F.B. , Gan H.Y. , Kwon H.J. , Park S. , Kilpatrick-Liverman L. , Wang W. , Lavender S. , Pilch S. , Han J.
Published: January 2019

As the outermost layer of the tooth crown, dental enamel is the most mineralized tissue in mammals, consisting of hydroxyapatite crystallites separated by long and narrow nanochannels. A major challenge in dentistry is how various molecules can be infiltrated into these nanopores in an efficient and controlled way. Here we show a robust method to transport various ions of interest, such as fluoride (F−), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca++), and sodium (Na+), into these nanopores by electrokinetic flows. It is verified by fluorescence microscopy, laser-scanning confocal microscopy, mass spectrometry, and ion selective electrode technique. Different ions are demonstrated to infiltrate through the entire depth of the enamel layer (~1 mm), which is significantly enhanced penetration compared with diffusion-based infiltration. Meanwhile, transport depth and speed can be controlled by infiltration time and applied voltage. This is the first demonstration of reliably delivering both anions and cations into the enamel nanopores. This technique opens opportunities in caries prevention, remineralization, tooth whitening, and nanomedicine delivery in clinical dentistry, as well as other delivery challenges into various biomaterials such as bones.
Selectively Emotional: How Smartphone Use Changes User-Generated Content
Authors: Melumad Shiri , Inman J. Jeffrey , Pham Michel Tuan
Published: January 2019

User-generated content has become ubiquitous and very influential in the marketplace. Increasingly, this content is generated on smartphones rather than personal computers (PCs). This article argues that because of its physically constrained nature, smartphone (vs. PC) use leads consumers to generate briefer content, which encourages them to focus on the overall gist of their experiences. This focus on gist, in turn, tends to manifest as reviews that emphasize the emotional aspects of an experience in lieu of more specific details. Across five studies—two field studies and three controlled experiments—the authors use natural language processing tools and human assessments to analyze the linguistic characteristics of user-generated content. The findings support the thesis that smartphone use results in the creation of content that is less specific and privileges affect—especially positive affect—relative to PC-generated content. The findings also show that differences in emotional content are driven by the tendency to generate briefer content on smartphones rather than user self-selection, differences in topical content, or timing of writing. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Value Appropriation and Firm Shareholder Value: Role of Advertising and Receivables Management
Authors: Frennea Carly , Han Kyuhong , Mittal Vikas
Published: January 2019

Value-appropriation activities enable a firm to extract more profits from existing customers. The authors examine how investments in two types of value-appropriation activities—advertising and receivables—are jointly associated with abnormal stock returns and idiosyncratic risk. Using data from 1,375 firms over the period of 2003–2015, the authors find that advertising investments and receivables investments interact as substitutes, such that increasing advertising (receivables) investments is detrimental to the beneficial effect of receivables (advertising) investments on firm shareholder value. They find that this association is contingent on firm business scope, such that the joint effect of advertising investments and receivables investments becomes weaker when firms have a broader business scope compared with a narrower business scope.
Behavioral Regulation Sport Questionnaire: Gender and Sport Invariance in Portuguese Athletes
Authors: Monteiro Diogo , Teixeira Diogo S. , Vitorino Anabela , Moutão João , Rodrigues Filipe , Machado Sérgio , Cid Luís
Published: January 2019

This study aimed to analyze measurement invariance of the Behavioral Regulation Sports Questionnaire (BRSQ) across gender and four different sports. In addition, we examined nomological validity via basic psychological needs satisfaction. Participants totaled 1,812 Portuguese athletes (1,220 males and 592 females; aged 15–59 years, Mage = 17.72, SD = 5.51) from football ( n = 596), basketball ( n = 273), swimming ( n = 800), and parasport ( n = 143). The BRSQ measurement model was invariant across gender and these four sports. The scale confirmed nomological validity in that satisfaction of basic psychological needs positively predicted autonomous forms of motivation and negatively predicted more controlled motivation and amotivation as suggested by self-determination theory. In light of this evidence for BRSQ construct validity, composite reliability, nomological validity, and invariance across gender and four different sports, this scale is a useful tool for coaches of the aforementioned sports in their efforts to evaluate their athletes' motivation.
Examining Determinants of Parole Conditions Among Federal Releasees
Authors: Ricciardelli Rosemary , Crow Kimberley A. , Adorjan Michael
Published: January 2019

The greater number of parole conditions imposed upon a releasee increases their potentiality for a parole breach or revocation. We analyzed the files of Canadian federal releasees to learn how closely individuals’ intake assessments (e.g., risk, need, classification) and current assessments (scored later, yet, prior to release) predict the number of parole conditions assigned. Through an assessment of how static and dynamic criminogenic risk factors affect the imposition of parole conditions, we show that although a former prisoner’s history (static risk factors) may be considered through risk assessment, dynamic interventions are the significant predictors—but only as assessed at intake.
Integrated enzymatic and chemical treatment for single-stage preparation of cotton fabrics
Authors: Udhayamarthandan S , Srinivasan J
Published: January 2019

Starch sized 100% cotton woven fabrics need desizing, scouring and bleaching treatments prior to coloration and finishing. Traditionally, alpha-amylase-based enzymatic desizing and combined scouring and bleaching with an alkali, surfactant and H2O2 are used. Constant research is conducted on combining the desizing, scouring and bleaching processes into a single step by many researchers. This paper aims at combining enzymatic desizing and alkaline H2O2 scouring cum bleaching with a surfactant and stabilizer. The treatment resulted in efficient desizing, scouring and bleaching, leading to excellent size removal, absorbency, seed/mote removal and whiteness index levels, and comparable tensile and tear strength levels to that of the two-step process. The dyeability aspects were comparable in terms of surface color strength ( K/ S), color difference ( ΔE) and fastness ratings. Around 50–75% savings in water, energy, power, time and effluent generation were reported. The chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, pH and turbidity values of the resulting effluent were found to be remarkably lower. The technology was also tested industrially and found to be successful.
Victims of their own (definition of) success: Urban discourse and expert knowledge production in the Liveable City
Authors: McArthur Jenny , Robin Enora
Published: January 2019

The notion of ‘liveability’ has endured for over 50 years within policy discourses, shaping urban strategy and planning across the world. This Debates paper examines the current state of liveability discourse. Liveability is unpacked to consider the rhetorical work that it does to frame urban problems, select and order concepts and build narratives that shape policy action. Liveability discourse has a dual role: it defines normative goals for a city and also reifies and demands particular forms of expert knowledge to justify and maintain its discursive power. This power is created by connecting the vague rhetoric of the ‘liveable city’ to expertise represented in liveability rankings and indicators. The experiences of apparently ‘liveable’ cities show how liveability discourse creates a representation of the city that is in contrast to the experience of many residents. The use of aggregate metrics and reliance on indices generated from undisclosed data sources and ‘expert judgement’ obscures the differentiated quality of life and everyday experience for urban populations. Therefore, liveability discourse has exerted and maintained stronger discursive power to undermine urban livelihoods than to improve them, due to the phenomena and qualities that it conceals. Liveability’s distinct type of discursive power must be recognised and mobilised to support a counter-narrative that reconnects urban policy with everyday urban life.
Time Limitations on Applications for Judicial Review
Authors: Campbell Enid , Groves Matthew
Published: January 2019

In most Australian jurisdictions there are limitations on the time within which proceedings for judicial review of governmental acts (or for particular remedies) are to be commenced. Some such limitations are imposed by statute, some by rules of court. In some cases the relevant court of supervisory jurisdiction is authorised to extend the time. But in other cases there is no discretion to extend the time.

This article examines the justifications which have been offered for imposition by legislation of limits on the time within which applications for judicial review are to be made. It surveys Australian legislation on the subject and examines the legal effects of such legislation. The article also considers reasons why it may be thought desirable to give courts authority to extend prescribed time limits and the associated question of whether exercise of that authority should be regulated by legislative standards. The article also examines the factors which the Federal Court has considered relevant in the exercise of its discretionary power to extend time under s 11 of the Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977 (Cth) (‘ADJR Act‘), a section which is substantially reproduced in s 10 of the Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1989 (ACT), s 26 of the Judicial Review Act 1991 (Qld) and s 23 of the Judicial Review Act 2000 (Tas).
Commercial Broadcasting – Preserving the Public Interest
Authors: Hitchens Lesley
Published: January 2019

During 1999 and 2000 considerable attention was focused on an inquiry conducted by the broadcasting regulator, the Australian Broadcasting Authority (‘ABA’), into the commercial arrangements of a number of commercial radio presenters associated with talkback radio. In May 1999, an Australian Broadcasting Corporation (‘ABC’) program, Media Watch, alleged that, John Laws, a presenter with Sydney Radio Station 2UE, had financial arrangements in place with an organisation representing the major Australian banks, the Australian Bankers' Association. It was alleged that the effect of these arrangements was that Laws would broadcast positive comments about the banks. These comments were independent of any paid advertising run by the station for the banks or the Bankers' Association. Following the Media Watch revelations, the ABA announced that it would conduct an inquiry into the allegations in order to determine whether there had been any breach of the Broadcasting Services Act 1992 (Cth) (‘BSA’) or the licence conditions or codes of practice to which Radio 2UE was subject.
The Ritual and Aesthetic in Electoral Law
Authors: Orr Graeme
Published: January 2019

Elections are commonplace events. Both in terms of their frequency, but also in the way they are taken for granted. Especially in Australia, but more generally in western democracies, their ebb and flow forms a seasonal rhythm, against which the more substantive work of government and public affairs – policy debates, law-making, administration and the (re)construction of community and national identities – is played out, through debate in the media, opinion polling and parliamentary and executive activity.

The magic long ago seeped out of our understanding and, for many, the experience of elections. They are major logistical events, certainly. But on the surface they appear to be relatively routine affairs, professionally run by full-time, non-partisan electoral commissions, who are bureaucratically guided, indeed bound, by enormously detailed legislative codes. The Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 (Cth) (CEA), for example, currently extends to more than 350 pages. By contrast, the inaugural Commonwealth Electoral Act 1902 (Cth) and accompanying Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902 (Cth) together spanned fewer than 45 pages.