bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflexiones acerca de la identificación y diferenciación de las lesiones porosas de los efectos tafonómicos en restos óseos humanos arqueológicos
Authors: Morlesin Milena Constanza
Published: August 2022

A lo largo de la vida de los individuos, los huesos experimentan cambios, los cuales pueden dejar marcas en el tejido óseo que resultan de interés para los estudios bioarqueológicos. Dichos cambios se manifiestan en una serie de rasgos óseos que se constituyen como una potencial línea de evidencia para indagar sobre el estilo de vida de las poblaciones del pasado. Sin embargo, a la hora de analizar tales alteraciones, es necesario tener en cuenta que existe una amplia variedad de agentes y procesos tafonómicos que pueden imitar rasgos morfológicos producidos por condiciones patológicas, así como también de naturaleza no patológica. Se trata de las denominadas alteraciones pseudopatológicas, y su origen puede deberse a factores tanto naturales como antrópicos, pasados y actuales. En este trabajo se indagará en un tipo de alteración particular, la porosidad, a los fines de establecer ciertos criterios para reconocer la naturaleza de esta lesión con el objetivo de contribuir a su correcta identificación y poder llevar adelante un diagnóstico diferencial.
Editorial
Authors: Izeta Andrés D.
Published: August 2022

Continuando con la serie de publicaciones que comenzáramos en el año 2008, tenemos en esta oportunidad un nuevo número. El segundo correspondiente al volumen 15 de la revista. Este número trae novedades en cuento a la conformación del Equipo Editorial. En principio comunicamos que dos de nuestros editores de sección han finalizado con su rol en el periodo comprendido entre la publicación del primer número del año y este. Mirta Bonnin se despidió de su rol de Editora en la sección Museología debido a que este año se acogió a los beneficios jubilatorios. Mirta nos ha acompañado desde la creación de esta revista y fue parte fundamental del desarrollo de la misma y en particular de propiciar un espacio que denominamos Sección Museología y que en realidad comprende mucho más que lo que el nombre sugiere. Esta sección ha incluido bastante de cuestiones sobre museos (y de antropología en particular) y también temáticas transversales que afectan no solo cuestiones museísticas sino también temáticas que se relacionan con la historia de la antropología y como ello se ha visto reflejado en la conformación de colecciones y museos a lo largo del tiempo. Todo esto embebido por un aura teñida de arqueología pública. Dos de los temas favoritos de Mirta y que logro instaurar como temas propios y válidos de la sección. Sin duda vamos a extrañar sus comentarios y aportes a la revista, aunque sin duda no la dejaremos escapar tan fácilmente. Por otro lado, Rodrigo Montani abandona su rol de editor en la Sección Antropología Social que ha detentado desde al año 2019. Rodrigo es un joven investigador que ha colaborado desinteresadamente con la revista. Pero este es momento en el que debe focalizarse en el desarrollo de su tema de investigación. Por ello le agradecemos el trabajo preciso que ha realizado en estos años y esperemos pueda volver a incorporarse a este comité. Las puertas siguen abiertas para ello. Junto con estas salidas tenemos el agrado de anunciar la incorporación de una nueva editora de sección, quien ocupara el lugar dejado por Rodrigo. Para ello hemos invita a sumarse a Mariana Espinosa, investigadora del IDACOR y docente en la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. En este caso viene a sumar sus conocimientos e ímpetu para poder darle continuidad a la sección acompañando a Gustavo Sorá, editor histórico de este espacio. Dicho lo anterior y observando el contenido de este número, podemos ver once contribuciones originales y una reseña de libros. En este número encontramos representados trabajos de las secciones de Arqueología, Museología, Antropología Biológica y Antropología Social.
METHODOLOGICAL MODEL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL COGNITION IN MODULAR-DEVELOPMENTAL EDUCATIONAL INTERACTION
Authors:   West Ukrainian National University, Hirnyak Andriy , Hirnyak Halyna ,   West Ukrainian National University
Published: August 2022

The study concerns a systematic methodological substantiation of a fundamentally new psychological solution to the scientific problem of the step-by-step deployment of modular-developmental educational interaction in the space of modern higher education institutions. It was stated that a higher school has a multi-parameter structure, multi-level organization and functionally optimizes personal growth and professional development of participants in the educational process. The strategic direction of a successful solution to this problem was the expansion of the object-subject format of scientific research. On the one hand, the understanding of the educational process is a psychologically based system of goals, tasks, forms, content, technologies, methods and tools of professionally organized education, on the other hand, the determination of psychological characteristics in a modular manner means a developmental interaction of participants in the educational process of higher education as a sequence of four periods of its innovative psycho-content support. Methodologically, it is argued that modular-developmental interaction in the conditions of higher education activates the sequence of four types of exchange (informational-knowledge, normative-volitional, cyclical-meaningful, spiritual-meaningful) and their corresponding styles of developmental interaction (inhibitory, facilitative, moderating, spontaneous) of training participants as carriers of subjective reality in the ontological hypostases of the subject, personality, individuality, universe, forms of their mental activity (behavior, activity, learning, self-creation), psychological mechanisms of deployment of polydialogic interaction (activation, intensification, actualization, self-actualization), which are grounded in the epistemic framework of principles modular-developmental interaction (mentality, modularity, development, spirituality) and the psychological content of periods of a complete educational cycle and stages of the act of psychological cognition (informational-cognitive – situation, normative-regulatory – motivation, value-reflective – action, spiritual-creative – after-action). Thus, the modular development system is based on an innovative scientific paradigm, which comes from a deep (purely psychological) and most progressive awareness of the process of socialization as a vita-cultural phenomenon. The subject of scientific knowledge here is the whole world of the psychocultural experience of mankind, in which numerous national traditions are related to the universal stereotypes, the essential characteristics of the spiritual life of society are diversified by abstract and logical forms of native culture, and scientific rationalism (laws, axioms, etc.) is organically combined with vitacultural taxa, aesthetic images and multivariate material meanings.
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NATURE OF EXTROVERSION: HOW TO BUILD AN INDIVIDUAL "HEDONISTIC PROFILE"
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Malysheva Karine , Lytvyn Serhii ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: August 2022

This article is devoted to the study of personality traits in the light of the achievements of modern neuroscience. We focus our attention on the extraversion, the key component of the "Big five" personality model. The data relating to psychogenetics, neurophysiology and neurochemistry of extraversion are summarized. Neuropsychological mechanisms of nature of extraversion are investigated in the context of psychological theories of personality. According to our results we state that building a "hedonictic profile" according to inherited and acquired specific characteristics of reward processing of an individual, can be valuable both in theoretical and clinical context. There is a connection between psychogenetic studies of extroversion, neuropsychological approach to the extraversion as a personality trait (as well as its aspects: assertiveness and enthusiasm) and the individual characteristics of the processing of pleasurable stimulus. The components of the "hedonistic profile" of the personality are defined in this study, which allow to assess individual differences in sensitivity to reward. The individual variability of extraversion is represented in a continuum from pronounced anhedonia (minimum level of extraversion) up to the harmonious ability to experience pleasure. Obviously, the pole of extraversion is more adaptive, indicating the desirable direction of personal development or possible psychotherapeutic efforts. Most of accessible clinical cases of depression and related disorders, described in special sources, demonstrate a deficit of taking into account individual parameters of extraversion, both at the level of its aspects and in terms of interaction with reward over time. This allows us to figure out how to build so called "individual hedonistic profiles" of the personality. In this study, the following variants of profiles were defined and described: anhedonic profile (reduced sensitivity to pleasure observed at all stages of the processing of hedonistic stimuli; increased risk of abuse), narcissistic profile (assertiveness significantly outweighs enthusiasm; anticipation and expectation of interaction with the stimulus is much stronger than the pleasure during its real consumption and at the stage of satisfaction, so called "aftertaste"), abulic profile (assertiveness is much lower than enthusiasm, reduced activity of the Behavioral Approach System - BAS; expectation is low but "on-line" consumption is pleasurable), compulsive profile (increased assertiveness prevails at the stage of interaction with the stimulus; consumption is repeated more and more, but satisfaction does not occur) and harmonious profile (adaptive version, which optimally combines assertiveness and enthusiasm; a balanced combination of hedonism and self-restraint; evenly distribution of pleasure experience in time).
Uranium migration and radioactive characteristics of the Sarıçiçek and Sarıhan Granodiorites
Authors: ALTUNDAŞ Suna , ÇINAR Hakan
Published: August 2022

The radionuclide concentrations of eU (ppm), eTh (ppm), K (%) and dose rate values were measured in Sarıçiçek (Gümüşhane) and Sarıhan (Bayburt) granodiorites for a duration of 5 minutes at each of 532 measurement points. The radioelement ratios (eU/eTh, eU/K, and eTh/K) indicating the origins of the rocks, the geochemical indicators (Ume, F parameter, and eU-(eTh/3,5) rate) showing the uranium mobility and the radioelement concentrations were calculated and mapped within the study areas. The average K, eU, and eTh concentrations were calculated as 2.98%, 3.15 ppm, and 12.45 ppm for Sarıçiçek granodiorite, and 1.83%, 2.73 ppm, and 13.6 ppm for Sarıhan granodiorite, respectively. Higher radioactivity values were observed in basaltic, sedimentary, and ultramafic rock combinations within the granodiorite masses. In the classification according to radioelement ratios, it was concluded that the rocks in the study areas formed as a mixture of upper mantle and crustal materials. In both study areas, there was uranium transport from the granodioritic masses into the surrounding rocks, and accordingly, the rocks in the surrounding formations were enriched in uranium. As a result, radioactivity levels, rock formation origins, and uranium transport of both granodioritic masses and rocks in the surrounding formations were determined by evaluation with radioelement concentration values and ratios and migration parameters. The study areas were characterized by associating them with geology in light of radioactive data.
Ceding Power in Intra-Household Bargaining in Times of Economic Anxiety: An Experimental Study in Nepal
Authors: Boittin Margaret , Kosec Katrina , Mo Cecilia Hyunjung , You Soo Sun
Published: August 2022

How do perceptions of one's relative economic status affect beliefs regarding gender roles? We conducted a 2019 survey experiment with approximately 2,000 adults in Nepal. Employing an established survey treatment called a priming experiment to subtly alter half of respondents' perceptions of their relative economic well-being, we ?find that increased feelings of relative deprivation make married women significantly less likely to support gender egalitarian perspectives. Women decrease their support for women making decisions over household expenditures, having equal control over household income, sharing household chores, and women working outside the home. A message randomly read to some women and designed to spur increased support for women's empowerment does little to alter beliefs regarding gender roles or to attenuate the effects of the relative deprivation prime. Despite the negative impacts on women's gender attitudes, however, we do not find a similar pattern among married men. The results underscore the deleterious effects that feelings of relative deprivation can have on women's own gender attitudes and provide a cautionary tale given trends toward greater economic inequality further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Was The Lack of Efficacy of Trastuzumab in Low-HER2 Breast Cancer Patients Foreseeable?
Authors: Barsanti-Innes Brianna , Benjamin Daniel M. , Atanasov Pavel , Kimmelman Jonathan
Published: August 2022

Little is known about the extent to which medical expert communities can anticipate the outcomes of clinical trials. In this study, we collected 33 expert probability distribution forecasts for an ongoing precision medicine cancer trial (NSABP-B47 or NCT01275677) on the primary outcome (incidence of disease free survival) in study and comparator arms. When trial completed and results were announced, we compared aggregate forecasts with results. The aggregated forecast underestimated IDFS for both arms of the study. However, it overestimated the IDFS advantage of the study drug. Only 44% of experts predicted the study drug would show significantly improved IDFS, and 13% predicted the study drug would show clinically meaningful IDFS advantage. Co-investigators in the trial did not show significantly greater optimism on outcome than independent experts. In conclusion, aggregated expert opinion could not predict absolute outcomes in this precision medicine trial but did predict relative outcomes with reasonable accuracy.
Swedish public views on factors influencing the total fertility rate in developing countries, compared to a scientific overview.
Authors: Wetzler Nordhild Siglinde
Published: August 2022

The human population has increased substantially since the late industrial revolution, from one to almost eight billions in only 200 years, and our needs and demands today are threatening the climate, biodiversity and the welfare of all species. Human population growth as an issue was taken seriously up to about 1995 when public attention turned away from the topic. Fertility rates in developing countries have since continued to be high and the world population has steadily kept growing. Despite Sweden’s great attention to environmental concerns, little to no attention is given to the pressing issue of overpopulation. In this study, a Novus survey was conducted with 1010 participants from Sweden to find out what citizens today think is the most important factor in lowering fertility rates in developing countries. Each answer was sorted into categories and differences were tested with Chi-Square tests. The results revealed differences in opinion between men and women, age groups, and levels of education. The largest difference was between genders; men focused more on economy and women more on contraceptives and female rights. Whereas many studies point to family planning as one of the most important factors in lowering fertility rates in developing countries, this was the category with the least amount of respondents. In contrast, nearly half of the participants thought that increased living standard or GDP was the main reason for falling fertility rates, while research shows that lower birth rates precede rather than follow an increase in economic growth. Over 20% of all participants either said they did not know the answer or misunderstood the question completely. This study concludes that there is a large knowledge gap between todays scientific standing and the understanding of Swedish citizens about what influences the fertility rates of human populations, and that more work is needed to close this gap.
Analisis Pendapatan, Daya Saing dan Dampak Kebijakan Pemerintah Terhadap Usaha Peternakan Sapi Perah Rakyat di Kabupaten Pelalalawan
Authors: Hendri Hendri
Published: August 2022

The development of dairy cows in Pelalawan District is integrated with plantation crops (cow-oil). Riau Province has the largest oil palm plantation in Indonesia, which is 2.706 million hectares, so it has a potential source of feed for dairy cattle and is expected to have an impact on the competitiveness of cattle farming in Riau. The research was conducted on the people's dairy farming business in Pelalawan Regency, with the aim of knowing the level of profit, competitiveness and impact of government policies on dairy farming using the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). The results showed that the average private breeders' profit was Rp. 19,481,081.55/head/lactation and social benefits of Rp. 20,431,492.21/head/lactation. Smallholder dairy farming in Pelalawan Regency has good competitive competitiveness (PCR=0.25) and comparative competitiveness (DRCR=0.24). Dairy farmers receive input subsidies from the government with an NPCI of 0.79 and are also burdened with an output tax with an NPCO of 0.93. Overall, government policies have not provided incentives (disincentives) for dairy farming in Pelalawan District with an EPC of 0.96.
Kredibilitas Influencer Dalam Mempromosikan Produk MakeOver Cosmetics Di Kalangan Mahasiswa
Authors: Baluci Avirley Nursyafa , Mi’raj Irdan Fattur , Putra Abiyasa Dwi , Ruslan Budiana
Published: August 2022

Abstract: The credibility of social media-based influencers has become an important factor in consumer decision making. The study aimed of this study was to see how the influencers' credibility in MakeOver Cosmetics products among students was. The research sample was taken as many as 91 student respondents from the Faculty of Communication Sciences, Islamic University of Bandung. The research method used in this study is an explanation that serves to impact the influencer credibility (IC) felt by consumers, using a credibility model of the dimensions of Attractiveness, Expertise, and Trustworthiness. The software used to measure the constructed model in SmartPLS 3.3.2. The results showed that the Composite Reliability on the credibility of the influencers was 0.943 accepted. R. Square in the influencer's credibility to the dimensions studied is attractiveness is 0.737, and Expertise is 0.886 and Trustworthiness is 0.804. So, this dimension can be said that the influencer's credibility is significant. While the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) given by the credibility of the influencer is 0.548 a statement that the construct is accepted. The development of research on the credibility of influencers still has much to be researched in the future.
Eksistensi Masyarakat Adat dalam Undang-Undang Terkait Lingkungan Hidup
Authors: Akmal Zainul
Published: August 2022

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji eksistensi masyarakat adat pasca kemerdekaan hingga saat ini di dalam Undang-Undang terkait Lingkungan Hidup. Ditemukan bahwa pada masa pra-reformasi terutama pada awal pembentukan Undang-Undang terkait Lingkungan Hidup, pengaturan tentang masyarakat adat tidak ada.  Setelah perubahan dengan diganti Undang-Undang yang baru, eksistensi masyarakat adat mulai disinggung dan Undang-Undang mengharuskan pemerintah memperhatikan adat istiadat yang ada. Pasca-reformasi eksistensi masyarakat adat medapatkan perlakuan yang lebih dari dua Undang-Undang sebelumnya. Bahkan memberikan atribusi kepada pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah untuk mempercepat dalam melaksanakan pengakuan terhadap masyarakat adat.
Sistem Pemerintahan Adat Melayu Dalam Kaum Pesukuan Di Luhak Kepenuhan
Authors: Islamiati Annisa Putri , Silalahi Frenky Imandra Putra , Akmal Zainul
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk mengetahui struktur dan wewenang, sistem hukum dan tata cara pemilihan kepemimpinan dalam pemerintahan adat melayu dalam kaum pesukuan di Luhak Kepenuhan. Ditemukan bahwa, sistem pemerintahan adat melayu dalam kaum pesukuan di Luhak Kepenuhan bahwa, pertama  struktur dan wewenangnya bersifat tetap dan tidak dibatasi oleh wilayah administrasi Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Kedua dalam sitem hukum adat bersifat tidak tertulis dan mengandung nilai-nilai Islami. Ketiga cara pemilihan kepemimpinan dalam pemerintahan adat dilakukan dengan cara bergiliran sesuai dengan ketentuan adat yang sudah ada sejak dahulu kala.
ANALYSIS OF TRANSACTION COSTS AND BORROWER'S PERCEPTIONS COMPARISON TOWARD LOAN PROCEDURES IN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN RIMBA MELINTANG SUB-DISTRICT ROKAN HILIR REGENCY
Authors: Putri Cyntiana Tetsa , Rifai Ahmad , Kausar Kausar
Published: August 2022

Poverty is one of the basic problems that Indonesia is still facing. In response to this, the government issues a policy to improve the economic capacity of the community, through financial institutions as a source of capital. Financial institutions have different goals and motivations, so they have some differences in the determination of lending procedures and transaction fees applied, which will affect the perceptions of borrowers. This research is conducted at the BRI financial institution and Sharia Cooperatives (BMT AGROMADANI) in Rimba Melintang Sub-district, Rokan Hilir Regency. This study aims to: First, to identify lending procedures. Second, to analyze the comparison of the amount of transaction costs. Third, to analyze the perception of the borrower. This study uses a survey method with the sampling technique used is purposive sampling and the number of samples used in this study as many as 10 borrowers taken from each of the financial institutions. The results of the study explain that the more procedures or stages that are applied, the financial institutions will take longer to process loan or financing activities. BRI financial institution is more efficient in determining transaction costs incurred by borrowers of Rp. 559,800, compared to the Sharia Cooperative financial institution (BMT AGROMADANI) of Rp. 1,298,000. The average variable of borrowers' perceptions of lending procedures in BRI financial institution is in the score range of 93.66 with very good assessment criteria, while the Sharia Cooperative financial institution (BMT AGROMADANI) is in the score range of 81.66 with good assessment criteria.
Pembangunan Perumahan Layak untuk Kesejahteraan Masyarakat (Studi Kasus Rusunawa Keputih Surabaya)
Authors: Septiani Arinda
Published: August 2022

Infrastructure development is the main step to improve the welfare of a city. With an adequate infrastructure, education, health, social and economic aspects will work well and produce positive outcomes. One of the problems experienced by most big cities is poverty. The higher the poverty rate, the lower the percentage of community welfare in a city. The resulting impact will be an increase in the number of crime in a city. Article 28H paragraph (1) has explained that every individual has the right to a decent life by getting a decent place to live. One of the efforts made by the Surabaya City Government to improve infrastructure is to utilize land for the construction of Rusunawa for the poor and those who don’t have a place to live. Currently, almost 20 rusunawa have been built in the city of Surabaya, one of them is in the Keputih area. Here the author is interested in examining how the impact felt by the people of Surabaya in responding to the efforts of the City Government. The method used by the author uses is  observation and in-depth interviews with the residents of the Keputih flats. The theoretical basis used by the author is based on the theory of several previous researchers, so that it can be analyzed with the results of conditions in the field. The results of this study indicate that the Surabaya City Government has succeeded in building Rusunawa in accordance with Law no. 20 of 2011 regarding flats, that received a positive response and give a good impact for the Surabaya City Community.
Strategi Pengembangan Industri Kecil Menengah (IKM) Yang Berdaya Saing Pada Saat Covid-19 di Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Wasnury Rendra , Paramitha Anggia , Promalessy Rika
Published: August 2022

The objective of this study is to analyze the main issues that inhibit the development of IKM competitiveness in Pekanbaru City at the time of COVID-19 by identifying the development status of IKM in Pekanbaru City today and the persemade strategy in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic and the development of IKM competitiveness in Pekanbaru city at the time of covid. According to the data provided by Pekanbaru City Industrial and Trade Bank, the population in this study are all IKMs operating in Pekanbaru City. The IKM that becomes the subject of this study is the IKM of manufacturing or IKM which manufactures products that are able to be competitive in the broad market and become a substitute for consumers in Pekanbaru City. The data analysis used in the IKM study is a descriptive analysis using the SWOT analysis method.The results showed the development of the IKM competitiveness in Pekanbaru city at the time of COVID-19 that was in the 2nd quadrant position. For that, the IKM development model is consistent with the forward, backward and horizontal integration strategy, that is, by strengthening business relationships with upstream and downstream industries, and increasing control over competitors through cooperation and company acquisitions. As for the market penetration strategy or by determining the market's ability to absorb the resulting product. Also, the product development strategy is to develop products with offer value (value proposition) combined with services to enhance the uniqueness of the product, which can help IKM improve marketing performance and market expansion. And keep the market satisfied by opening up new market shares resulting from market development strategies.
Pengaruh Aksesibilitas Terhadap Pendapatan Masyarakat Desa (Studi Kasus : Desa Batu Belah dan Desa Ranah Baru, di Kecamatan Kampar, Riau)
Authors: Pasaribu Astrid Laura
Published: August 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of road length, number of businesses, educational facilities, and APBD on Village Community Income (Case Study: Batu Belah Village and Ranah Baru Village, Kampar District, Riau). The method used in this research is descriptive and quantitative methods of correlation type. The population in this study is Batu Belah Village and Ranah Baru Village, Kampar District, Riau Province. Data collection techniques using documentation. Analysis of the data used is Multiple Linear Regression with processing using SPSS Version. 25.00. The results of this study indicate that partially and simultaneously the variable length of the road, number of businesses, educational facilities, and APBD affect the income of the people in Batu Belah Village and Ranah Baru Village.
COVID -19 Crisis and Alternative Learning: School Stakeholders' Perceptions
Authors: Magar Gadhi Raj , Rana Karna
Published: August 2022

This paper reports on an analysis of stakeholders’ perceptions of online learning for school students in Nepal. It utilised online semi-structured interview with 13 stakeholders from a municipality, two schools, and a community campus to gather qualitative data. The content analysis of various archived documents provided a ground for data analysis. This research paper reports of perceived value of online learning in the COVID-19 pandemic, opportunities for transforming the conventional physical classroom to the online mode of learning and challenges to switch to online learning in rural Nepal. It further reports on how teachers in rural areas explored community-based mobile teaching as an alternative mode of learning where there was lack of ICT infrastructures. Teachers’ lack of e-based teaching experience, limited ICT knowledge and skills, and lack of digital devices feared them to adopt the online mode of learning. Had the government and rural schools developed minimum ICT infrastructure, trained teachers to use ICT facilities and provided necessary support to students, rural students would have been able to access online education in the crisis.
Social Media Content and Credibility (Situation analysis of news shared on Facebook by Journalists from Nepal)
Authors: Paudel Ganesh K.
Published: August 2022

The qualitative research is conducted using status exploration and structured interviews of civil society members and has studied the credibility of messages posted on Facebook by journalists. Survey has observed 749 Facebook statuses for February, March, and July of 2020 posted by various Journalists working from Sunsari District. The journalists are selected using a systematic random sampling method. Posts are observed on the basis of Fact, Attribution of authentic sources, Balance in coverage, clarity in message etc. The content analysis shows Journalists are conscious of their responsibility towards society and do post factual information on social media however they sometimes make mix-ups of news and opinion. Some journalists post sensational information to increase their viewership but that has decreased their credibility. Civil society members and information users’ perspectives pointed out that people follow the Facebook posts of journalists for news updates, however, they verify it with other credible journalists and or trusted mainstream media. Journalists share information using Facebook however fact-checking and balance seem lacking. To understand social media content media literacy is necessary.
The Mundhum Myth: A Semiological Perspective
Authors: Tumbahang Mohan Kumar
Published: August 2022

This article aims to observe the Limbu Mundhum myth Yapmi Pongma Mundhum 'The Creation of Man' from the semiological perspective setting it in the second order tridimensional pattern developed by French semiotician, Roland Barthes. The objective of the study is to find out the process of interpreting myth through Barthean model of semiotic system. Basically, the analysis is based on linguistic theory of literary criticism. The theory proposed by Barthes is modeled upon Ferdinand de Saussure's linguistic 'sign' under the semiological system. In the process of analysis, the study has revealed that though Barthes' semiotic pattern follows Saussure's model of sign system, there are certain distinct features in the interpretation of myth than that of Saussuren linguistic sign, signifier and signified pattern. Especially, the component 'signifier' is differently perceived in Barthes' triple dimensional pattern. Likewise, the connection between 'signifier' and 'signified' is not the same in simple linguistic and mythical semiotic system. The article can be useful to create a way for interested individuals to deepen their understanding of language, literature and society.
Knowledge and Attitude of Menstruation before Menarche among Early Adolescent Girls in Nepal
Authors: Timsina Srijana
Published: August 2022

Every girl experiences menarche in the early adolescent stage of their life. Menarche is the first menstrual period as well as a biological process that is seen with physiological, psychological and emotional change. The knowledge and attitude regarding menstruation and menarche among girls not only determine their reproductive life but are also directly related to the quality of their life. The aim of the research was to assess knowledge about menstruation before menarche and find out restriction’s attitudes during menarche and the menstrual period. In the research, I have selected five secondary schools from Itahari sub-metropolitan city by using convenient sampling and have asked structured questionnaires to 32 early adolescent girls belonging to the Brahmin-Chhetri community to collect primary data. This research finds that 43.75 percent of respondents have low, 41.94 percent have medium and 16.13 percent have high knowledge regarding menstruation before menarche. They receive their first knowledge about menstruation from their mothers. Most respondents think their mothers can give adequate knowledge before experiencing menarche. Likewise, 65-75 percent of respondents are negative towards different kinds of restrictions during menstruation and menarche. The majority 90 percent of respondents agree with the tradition of ‘should not go to the temple and worshipping Gods’ but the practice of restrictions was just opposite from the attitude except worshipping the God and going to the temple. Similarly, the study showed that 56 percent of adolescent girls followed restriction regarding menstruation in order to respect senior members of the family and followed in-home and another 44 percent girls followed it due to the fear of sin. On the basis of the above findings, it is clearly shown that a significant number of mothers of today’s mother generation are not aware of menstruation. They do not give adequate information as knowledge to their daughters and still follow restrictions regarding menstruation as sin, curse, and dirty things.
"नैकापे सर्किनी’’ कथामा सबाल्टर्र्न (सिमान्तीयता) {The Subaltern (Marginality) in the Story of "Naikape Sarkini"}
Authors: पौड्याल Poudyal लतादेवी Latadevi
Published: August 2022

प्रस्तुत लेख पारिजातको ‘नैकापे सर्किनी’ कथामा सबाल्टर्न अध्ययन विश्लेषणसँग सम्बन्धित छ । एन्टोनिओ ग्राम्सीले उत्तर औपनिवेशिक उपभोक्तावादी संस्कृतिको सन्दर्भमा सबाल्टर्न शब्दलाई शासित वर्गको वकालत गर्ने क्रममा हैकम वा प्रभुत्वको नवीन अर्थसँग पनि जोडेर प्रयोग गरेपछि यसले साहित्यको क्षेत्रमा प्रवेश पाएको हो । ग्राम्सीका शब्दमा सबाल्टर्न भन्नाले गैरशासकीय र अहैकमवादी वर्गलाई जनाउँछ, जो सधैँ अधीनस्थ, पराधीन हुन्छन् । सबाल्टर्न सांस्कृतिक र साहित्यसँग सम्बन्धित अन्तर्विषयक अध्ययन हो । सांस्कृतिक अध्ययनभित्र विविध पक्षहरू समेटिन्छन् । तीमध्ये सबाल्टर्न अध्ययन महत्वपूर्ण पक्ष हो । सबाल्टर्न शब्दले समाजमा विभिन्न अवसरबाट पछाडि पारिएको वर्ग, तह, लिङ्ग, जात तथा समूहलाई जनाउँछ । सबाल्टर्न अध्ययनलाई कथाको सामाजिक संरचना, सीमान्तीकृत वर्ग, प्रभुत्वशाली समूह र विचार धारासँग जोडेर हेर्नु सान्दर्भिक मानिन्छ । प्रस्तुत कथामा सामन्ती तथा पितृसतात्मक समाजमा निम्नवर्गका महिलाहरू माथि हुने शोषण, लैङ्गिक विभेदका मुद्दालाई यथार्थ रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । यहाँ सोही सिद्धान्तलाई आधार मानेर पारिजातको ‘नैकापे सर्किनी’ कथामा सबाल्टर्न विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत लेख तयार पार्नका लागि प्राथमिक तथा द्वितीयक स्रोतका सामग्रीहरू पुस्तकालयबाट अध्ययन गरी सङ्कलन गरिएको छ । सङ्कलित सामग्रीहरूलाई विश्लेषण गर्ने आधार सबाल्टर्न सम्बन्धी मान्यतालाई लिइएको छ । यसमा निगमनात्मक तथा पाठविश्लेषण विश्लेषण विधिको उपयोग गरी साक्ष्यहरुका आधारमा कथामास बाल्र्टनको वर्गीय, जातीय, लैङ्गिक अवस्था, सबाल्र्टनको प्रतिरोधी चतना तथा लेखकीय दृष्टिकोणको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यसमा सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरूको प्रयोगमा ए.पि. ए. पद्धति अपनाइएको छ ।
शैक्षणिक दृष्टिले नेपाली उखानमा पाइने विभेद तथा कमजोरी {Differences and weaknesses found in Nepali proverbs from an educational point of view}
Authors: बराल Baral मदनराज Madanraj
Published: August 2022

परम्परागत तथा सामाजिक रूपले उपयुक्त हुँदाहुँदै पनि कुनै पनि भाषाभित्रका कतिपय कुराहरू औपचारिक रूपमा पठनपाठन गर्नु गराउनु उपयुक्त नहुने खालका हुन्छन् । नेपाली भाषाका सन्दर्भमा तिनै कुरामध्येको एउटा हो–लोकजीवनमा प्रचलित अनुभवपूर्ण चुट्किला वा उखान । सतही रूपमा हेर्दा यी सामाजिक रूपले उपयुक्त वा सत्यजस्ता लागे पनि कतिपय उखानभित्रको विभेद हेर्दा तिनलाई औपचारिक रूपमा शिक्षण गर्नु उपयुक्त नहुने देखिन्छन् । यिनको प्रयोगले भाषामा उक्तिवैचित्र्य सिर्जना भई प्रभावकारी बोध र अभिव्यक्ति हुन सक्छ त्यसैले यिनको धेरथोर प्रयोग उपयोग उक्त भाषाका प्रयोक्ताहरूले गर्नु आवश्यक हुन्छ । यसका लागि अनौपचारिक सामाजिक प्रयोग अभ्यासका अतिरिक्त औपचारिक शिक्षण सिकाइ पनि अनिवार्य हुन्छ । शिक्षणसिकाइमा प्रयोग गर्ने सन्दर्भमा भने यिनको भाषिक तथा सामाजिक संवेदनशीलतालाई विशेष ख्याल गर्नु पर्दछ । प्रस्तुत लेखको मूल उद्देश्य विद्यालय तथा महाविद्यालयका विभिन्न तह र कक्षा वर्षमा औपचारिक रूपमा पठनपाठन हुने नेपाली उखानहरूमा पाइने सामाजिक विभेद तथा कमजोरीको अध्ययन गर्नु हो । यस लेखमा उखानहरू सङ्कलित विभिन्न कृतिलाई प्राथमिक र तिनको थप व्याख्या विश्लेषण गरिएका कृतिहरूलाई द्वितीयक स्रोत मानी पुस्तकालयबाट अध्ययन गरी सामग्री सङ्कलन गरेर विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । सङ्ख्यात्मक रूपमा बढीबाट घटीमा क्रमशः अश्लीलता, जातीय, लिङ्गगत, अपाङ्गता, उमेर, जेष्ठता, पेसा/व्यवसाय, वर्ग र स्थानसँग सम्बन्धित विभेद रहेको तथ्याङ्कसहित विद्यालय/महाविद्यालय कहीँ पनि यस्ता विभेदकारी र अश्लील उखानहरू शिक्षण गर्न नहुने र गरिएमा समतामूलक समाज निर्माणमा बाधा पुग्न सक्ने निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
‘बहुला काजीको सपना’ नाटकमा प्रगतिशील चेतना {Progressive consciousness in the play 'Bahula Kaziko Sapna'}
Authors: ज्ञवाली Gyawali प्रदीपप्रसाद Pradipprasad
Published: August 2022

प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखमा विजय मल्लको ‘बहुला काजीको सपना’ नाटकका विभिन्न प्रगतिशील पक्षहरूको विश्लेषण र मूल्याङ्कन गरेर उक्त नाटकमा रहेको प्रगतिशील चेतनाको निक्र्योल गरिएको छ । यस नाटकमा रहेका प्रगतिशील विचार र चेतनाहरूको निरुपण गर्नु नै यस अध्ययनको मुख्य उद्देश्य रहेको छ । यसमा पुस्तकालयीय विधिबाट सङ्कलन गरिएको तथ्याङ्लाई विश्लेषणात्मक एवं वर्णनात्मक पद्धतिको प्रयोग गरी निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । राणा कालीन परिस्थितिमा तत्कालीन नेपाली समाजको राजनैतिक र सामाजिक अवस्थासँग नेपाली जनतालाई परिचित गराई राजनैतिक क्रान्तिको आह्वान गर्ने मुख्य उद्देश्य राखेर यो नाटक लेखिएको हो । यस नाटकमा सामाजिक असमानता, अशिक्षा, आर्थिक अभाव, गरिबहरूमाथिको थिचोमिचो, शोषण, दमन, अन्याय र अत्याचारको चित्रण गर्दै मानवताको शत्रु मानिएको धनी र गरिब वर्गका बिचमा देखापरेको असमानतालाई हटाई मानवतावादी समतामूलक समाजको स्थापनामा जोड दिनुपर्छ भन्ने प्रगतिशील विचार प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । यहाँ भरियाका रुपमा कष्टकर जीवन बिताइरहेका गरिबहरूको जीवनको कहाली लाग्दो यथार्थलाई प्रस्तुत गर्दै तिनीहरूले इमानदारीकासाथ अथक परिश्रम गरे तापनि आत्मसम्मानका साथ बाँच्न नपाएको अवस्थालाई देखाइएको छ । यस नाटकमा माक्र्सवादी सौन्दर्यशास्त्रका रुपमा स्थापित साहित्य सिद्धान्त प्रगतिवादको पूर्ण रुपमा परिपालना भएको देखिन्न तर यथेष्ट मात्रामा प्रगतिशील चेतनाको सिर्जनात्मक प्रयोग भएको पाइन्छ ।
Correlation of Biochemical Parameters among Diabetes patients attending Medicine OPD of Janaki Medical College Teaching Hospital
Authors: Prakash Satyam , Yadav Om Prakash , Sah Vijay Kumar , Singh Jitendra Kumar , Jha Bharat
Published: August 2022

Background and objectives: With increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus, the cardiovascular and renal complications associated with it are emerging as major concern. The morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes can be reduced by timely assessment of those risk factors. Our study evaluated lipid profile and renal function test in male and female diabetic patients as well as the correlation among those biochemical parameters.

Materials and methods: Blood sugar, lipid profile and renal function test were assessed in 249 confirmed type 2 diabetic patients attending medicine OPD of Janaki medical college teaching hospital (JMCTH), Ramdaiya-Bhawadi, Dhanusha, Nepal. Independent ‘t’ test was used to observe the gender difference in those parameters and Pierson correlation test was applied to look for correlation among different biochemical parameters.

Results: Significant difference was observed between male and female for FBS (p=0.05) and PPBS (p=0.003). Such significant difference between male and female was also noted for lipid profile parameters, TC (177.65+43.09 and 163.45+35.68 respectively, p=0.05), VLDL-C (33.47+16.51 and 28.83+14.00 respectively, p=0.018) and HDL-C (40.52+10.62 and 37.94+8.07 respectively, p=0.033). According to our study TC, TG, VLDL, LDL, HDL showed significant positive correlation with FBS and PPBS. Likewise, creatinine, urea, uric acid was also positively correlated with FBS and PPBS (p<0.05). Moreover, there was significantly high correlation of uric acid with TC, TG, VLDL, LDL (p<0.05). In addition, there was highly significant correlation between creatinine and sodium.

Conclusion: There was a significant difference for blood sugar and lipid profile among male and female diabetic patients. Correlation was seen between blood sugar and lipid profile; uric acid and lipid profile as well as creatinine and sodium.
Perception of Students and Teachers on Practice of Logbook Maintenance and its Value in Pre-Clinical Years
Authors: Upadhayay Namrata , Guragain Sanjeev
Published: August 2022

Background and objectives: Logbook keeps the record of practical work done by the students throughout a year. This study was carried out to know the perception of students and teachers on the logbook maintenance and its importance during the practical examination in pre-clinical science.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done in pre-clinical science teachers (n-9) and students (n-40). A semi-structured questionnaire was used to find the (i) Knowledge and importance of logbook (ii) logbook correction and feedback (iii) logbook improvement and examination. Close ended questions data are expressed in percentage. Open-ended responses were categorized, classified according to the theme-wise and later expressed in percentage.

Results: Most of the students (70%) and teachers (100%) listed creditable advantages of maintaining the logbook. They quantified logbook: as notes for the examination, development of dedication and habit of task completion, boost knowledge and skills, development of sense for self-evaluation, problem solver and motivates them  to learn and save their time, guide for quick and precise knowledge during revision, and correct tool to practice skills. However, all teachers and 45% of students mentioned that they lack proper maintenance of logbook on regular basis. The major flaws behind it were copying from seniors/colleagues, writing without feedback and consultation with teachers or books. The other reason for students’ negligence to fill the logbook is due to less quantification of marks for the logbook at the time of examination. Students suggested in updating data, paper quality and pictures of the logbook. Teachers and students emphasized to include marks in each practical class.

Conclusion: Students are lagging behind on proper maintenance of the logbook. To ensure that students have used the right techniques while practicing skills need to be monitored and guided on time. This monitoring to some extent can be assured by getting through the logbook and giving prompt feedback to them on the desk. The training on the logbook maintenance and marks allocation on each practical might enhance the perseverance learning in the students.
Outburst of Food Poisoning among Hostellers of Certificate Level Nursing Students at Janaki Medical College, Dhanusha
Authors: Purbey Hari Narayan
Published: August 2022

Background & Objective: Food poisoning is the result of eating contaminated, spoiled or toxic food and frequently felt in our society. There are more than 250 food borne diseases. Some of them causes complications even to death. It is worldwide public health burden as well. Causative agents werebacterial, protozoal, possible  chemicals and some confounders. This study aims to evaluate the causative agents and treat the patients with protocol in Emergency.
Material and Methods: A purposive descriptive observational study of food poisoning in Proficiency Certificate level Nursing students in Janaki Medical College was done. All students and staffs were under survey by admitting in the Emergency ward and maintaining the treatment in observational ward. Proper history taking, Physical examination and investigations were done. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of causation, safety risk, control measure and prevention of food handling were sensed by valid questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.
Results: All patients (n=51) were female of 20 districts. 92% cases were of emerging adults. BMR ranges 17.5-25. 83% cases were admitted in observational ward and 5.4% cases were self-limited. Clinical features were abdominal pain (70%), diarrhea (70%), fever with chills (70%), headache (52%), Nausea (35%) and vomiting (31%). Hemogram showed 52% cases were of leukocytosis. Neutrophilia (88%), lymphocytosis (52%), anaemia (46%), hypoglycemia(72%), hyponatraemia (16%) and hypernatraemia (6%).Stool RE/ME showed loose stool(100%), green(100%) in colour, mucoid (10%) consistency in physical examination while plenty of pus cell (100%), undigested food particle (40%), microscopic RBCs(20%), Entamoeba histolytica (10%) were seen in microscopic examination. Stool culture showed 80% cases were of pathogenic E.coli. and 10% cases were of shigella. Three cases were urine culture isolates with E. coli. Overall, questionnires to Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of food handling, safety and risk about food poisonings were found satisfactory.
Conclusion: The causative agents were EPEC (clinically), shigella dysentery and E. histolytica. The sensitivity patterns of antibiotics were of ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacine, meropenum, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, Piperacillin with Tazobactam. Overall assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices about food handling, safety and risk factors were found satisfactory. The responsible departments were emphasized to take appropriate actions in specific way for further control and prevention of food poisoning.
α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibition Activities of Sarcococca coriacea Hook. And Sarcococca wallichii Staph. of Nepalese Origin
Authors: Baral Janaki , Shrestha Dipesha , Adhikari Achyut
Published: August 2022

Diabetes mellitus is being severe health problem globally with an increasing number of patients every day. Due to the lack of effective and non-toxic medicine to cure diabetes, plants that are used in ethnomedicine may be a good source for antidiabetic drug discovery.  Plants of the Sarcococca genus are medicinally important and are used by local people for managing many diseases including diabetes. In the course of our continuous search of antidiabetic plants and pure compounds,  in vitro α-glucosidase, and α-amylase inhibition activity along with the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of S. coriacea leaf ( Sc-A), S. coriacea stem (Sc-B), and dichloromethane fraction of methanolic extract of Sarcococca wallichi (Sw-D) were carried out. The research revealed dicholoromethane fraction of S. wallichii (Sw-D) with good inhibition of α- amylase enzyme (IC50= 53.79 ± 2.50), whereas Sc-B inhibits α-glucosidase (20.97±2.37) effectively. Similarly, Sc-A showed significant antioxidant activity with IC50=24.56±3.3. The total phenolic content on Sc-A and Sc-B was calculated as 151.35±4.42 mg GAE/g and 86.22±1.59 mg GAE/g whereas the total flavonoid content on Sc-A and Sc-B was found to be 21.61±4.88 mg QE/g and 24.09±4.02 mg QE/g respectively. Similarly, total phenolic and total flavonoid content on Sw-D were found to be 85.26±3.16 mg GAE/g and 21.57±1.26 mg QE/g. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition activity in these plants. This research work has scientifically supported the use of these plants to manage diabetes by local people and has explored new plants for antidiabetic drug discovery research.
Solid-Liquid Equilibrium Study for Binary System Forming Intermolecular Compound: Phase Diagram, Thermal, Physicochemical and Powder XRD study
Authors: Sharma Krishna , Ghimire Prakash , Neupane Umesh
Published: August 2022

The phase diagram study of the binary organic system has been investigated by the thaw melt method using 4-hydroxy- 3 methoxybenzaldehyde (HMB) and 4-nitroaniline (NA). The temperature-composition plot showed that the intermolecular compound (IMC) has formed at 1:1 molar ratio with two eutectics on either side of IMC. The melting points of eutectics and IMC along with parents are verified by the DSC method. The different phases of the systems which are in equilibrium and their physicochemical properties are estimated using the enthalpy of fusion values obtained from DSC. The higher melting temperature of IMC suggested the formation of Schiff base during homogenization process. The new and moderately sharp Bragg’s peaks at specific 2θ values found in the diffractogram of IMC revealed the novelty and crystalline nature of IMC while repeated peaks in the diffractogram of eutectics suggest the mechanical mixture of eutectics