bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Black and Ethnic Minority Academics’ Perspectives on Intercultural Interaction in UK Universities: Beyond Racialization
Authors: Nchindia Christian Atabong
Published: November 2020

Underpinned by frameworks of intercultural interaction, representation and discourse analysis, this research aimed to explore ambiguities and examine salient factors in intercultural interaction in UK universities, from the perspectives of four BAME lecturers and a lecturer from mainstream British culture. Informed by interpretive qualitative methodology and convenient sampling, data was collected through individual semi-structured interviews and the Nvivo software was used for analysis. Findings revealed that the experiences of academics in intercultural interaction with students were homogeneous across the board irrespective of their racial backgrounds. Despite a high level of intercultural awareness, some students and academics were unable to deconstruct stereotypes in cultural representation. It seems that universities do little to help academics and students develop and sustain intercultural awareness. There is hardly any systemic, structural, and coordinated approach in addressing cultural issues that may emerge in the classroom, as academics are left to figure it out by themselves. Some implications for policy in the higher education contexts were identified and recommendations made.
Apply the systematic risk management—AS/NZS 4360:2004 to operate the project of preoperative evaluation
Authors: Zhang Peng , Ma Lina , Wang Liquan , An Peifen , Li Xiaohui , Zhao Shuangtao
Published: November 2020

Objective: Currently, the medical adverse events stem in part from a lack of significant risk management in preoperative evaluation. This study was to apply the systematic risk management —AS/NZS 4360:2004 to perform the project of preoperative evaluation.Methods: With the idea of risk management, the doctor’s classification and surgery’s groups were graded to lay the foundation for project management. Then a preoperative evaluation center was established as a screening role in health management based on AS/NZS 4360:2004.Results: A total of 144 out of 1,436 patients were identified as ones with much risk mainly including clinical characteristics such as abnormal test (n = 27), cardiovascular disease (n = 27) and fever (n = 23) from pediatric (35%), general surgery (20%) and trauma (15.66%) department. Finally, the potential risk was reduced in the medical process meanwhile the quality of treatment was improved.Conclusions: This study shows that risk management could be applied into all aspects of hospital management as a drastic and practiced tool.
V-Prechop nucleodissection technique feasibility in the phacoemulsification in dogs with cataracts. Clinical aspects and specular microscopy
Authors:   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária de Araçatuba, Andrade Alexandre Lima de , Conceição Luciano Fernandes da ,   Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, Morales Adriana ,   Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, Padua Ivan Ricado Martinez ,   Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, Laus José Luiz ,   Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the V-Prechop nucleodissection technique in the phacoemulsification in dogs and the clinical aspects and of the specular microscopy in the postoperative period. Fourty three dogs of different breeds, males and females, aged 3 to 10 years, with mature (n=22) and immature (n=21) cataracts were used. After surgery, patients were evaluated weekly for visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and endothelial corneal cell density (by non-contact specular microscopy) and quantitative flare (by laser flare photometry) during different periods. The "V-prechop" technique presented technical difficulties in implementation in patients with a mature cataract. In selected cases of patients with an immature cataract, the technique can be employed, as the nuclei are softer, allowing confection of the linear fragments in “V” to be performed. In addition, the eyes of dogs with a mature cataract presented more intensive postoperative uveitis, probably related to the greater difficulty in conducting the "V" nucleodissection. There was decreased endothelial corneal cell density in dogs with mature and immature cataracts. This occurrence was greater in patients with a mature cataract, given the increased intraocular manipulation and surgical time due to the difficulty in performing the “V” nucleodissection. According to the results obtained, the “V-prechop” nucleodissection technique can be indicated in selective cases of dogs with an immature cataract.
Reproductive disorders affecting 21-month-old bulls assessed by andrological examination
Authors:   Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Oliveira Ana Paula Luiz de , Lobo Júnior Adalfredo Rocha ,   Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Castilho Erick Fonseca de ,   Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Guimarães José Domingos ,   Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Melo Thiago Vasconcelos ,   Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Mota Diego Azevedo ,   Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Siqueira Jeanne Broch ,   Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of the main pathologies that affect the genital organs of young bulls. We used a database that contained data for 6,408 young Nelore bulls. The data were collected from June to August 2004 and 2005. The bulls were evaluated by andrological examination and semen samples were collected with the aid of an electroejaculation device. The animals were classified in terms of their sexual maturity as animals suitable for reproduction, animals suitable for reproduction in terms of natural service, animals temporarily unfit for reproduction, and animals excluded from reproduction. The reproductive disorders recorded in the excluded animals were classified as penile, testicular, anterior or posterior limb, epididymal, spermatic cord, spermatic, anal sphincter, foreskin, systemic, and seminal vesicle alterations. We used descriptive statistics and analysis of variance to analyze the data. Of the 6,408 bulls evaluated, 309 animals were excluded from reproduction (4.82%). The majority of the excluded bulls (31.7%) suffered from testicular-related pathologies (testicular asymmetry, small scrotal circumference for their age, orchitis, and hydrocele (64.28%, 32.65%, 2.04%, and 1.02%, respectively), seminal vesicle alterations (31.39%), sperm defects (17.15%), and penile alterations (6.79%). Of the 309 animals excluded from reproduction, 21 (6.79% of the excluded and 0.32% of the total animals) suffered from some type of penile alteration, such as persistence of the frenulum (16/21) and total or partial penile adhesion (5/21). Confining the herd for two months and subjecting the animals to their first andrological examination at a younger than usual age, with the objective of selling them, could be why there were high incidences of seminal vesicle pathologies (owing to the homosexual behavior of the males) and of penises with high adhesion rates, which are characteristic of animals that have not yet entered puberty. In general, the low percentage of animals excluded from reproduction in the studied herd indicates the adequacy of the selection program.
Evaluation of biochemical profile and rumen fluid parameters of sheep supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and subjected to an abrupt diet change
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Schmidt Ana Paula , Noschang Joana Piagetti ,   Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Carpinelli Nathaly Ana ,   South Dakota State University, Demarco Claudia Faccio ,   Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Vieira Laura Valadão ,   Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Barbosa Antônio Amaral ,   Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Corrêa Marcio Nunes ,   Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Schmitt Eduardo ,   Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Feijó Josiane de Oliveira ,   Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brauner Cássio Cassal ,   Universidade Federal de Pelotas
Published: November 2020

This study examines rumen-fluid parameters and the biochemical profile of feedlot sheep supplemented with a commercial product composed of yeast culture and enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast during an abrupt change of diet. Eight sheep at 30 months of age, with an average weight of 40.2 ± 3.4 kg, were housed in individual stalls where they received the same diet twice daily, which was formulated according to the National Research Council [NRC] (2007). The animals were divided into two groups, namely, supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SG, n = 4) and control (CG, n = 4). The experiment consisted of three periods: the first (seven days) consisted of an acclimation to the roughage-only diet; in the second period (five days), the animals of SG started to receive supplementation; lastly, in the third period (five days), all animals underwent a sudden change of diet, which was characterized by an alteration from 100% roughage to a 50:50 ratio (roughage:concentrate) without prior adaptation. Blood samples were collected to evaluate albumin, aspartate amino transferase, calcium, gamma glutamyl transferase, globulins, glucose, magnesium, potassium, sodium, total plasma proteins and urea. Rumen fluid was harvested to evaluate physical aspects. Supplementation increased the protozoa count; the rate of sedimentation and fluctuation remained within the physiological parameters; and total plasma proteins and globulin decreased. Therefore, the yeast appears to be a promising alternative for reducing the deleterious effects of an abrupt change of diet.
Impact of entomopathogenic nematodes on Africanized honey bees Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) workers
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Libardoni Gabriela , Abati Raiza ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Sampaio Amanda Roberta ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Colombo Fernanda Caroline ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Maciel Rodrigo Mendes Antunes ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Guide Bruna ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Costa-Maia Fabiana Martins ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Lozano Everton Ricardi ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Neves Pedro Manuel Oliveira Janeiro ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Potrich Michele ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Published: November 2020

Africanized honey bee populations (Apis mellifera L.) have been decreasing mainly due to the intense use of synthetic insecticides associated with pollution and climate change. To minimize these impacts on the environment and bee populations, the use of biological control agents has been intensified. These products are generally safer for non-target insects, such as bees, which are important pollinating insects. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of entomopathogenic nematodes on the longevity of the Africanized honey bee A. mellifera workers. Seven treatments were used: Heterorhabditis amazonensis, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Heterorhabditis indica, Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema feltiae, and Steinernema rarum, at a concentration of 40 infective juveniles per cm2 (IJs/cm²), and a control in which autoclaved distilled water was used. Two bioassays were performed: 1) spraying nematodes on the workers and 2) spraying nematodes on glass plates, in which the bees remained for two hours. Each treatment consisted of five replicates with 20 bees each. Bees were kept in cages of PVC (20 × 10 cm) covered with a voile fabric and provided pieces of cotton soaked in water and Candy paste. The cages were kept in a climatized room (27 ± 2 °C temperature, 60 ± 10% relative humidity, and 12 h photophase) and the mortality was evaluated from 12 to 240 hours. In bioassay 1, the three treatments with nematodes of the genus Steinernema reduced the longevity of the workers (103.9, 96.3, and 99.6 h) when compared to treatments with Heterorhabditis (149.7, 126.8, and 134.7 h), of which, only H. amazonensis (149.7 h) did not differ from the control (166.0 h). In bioassay 2, all treatments reduced the longevity of honey bees (155.4 to 93.9 h) in relation to the control (176.1 h). Entomopathogenic nematodes, especially Heterorhabditis, need to be tested using other methodologies and for different durations of exposure and application because in the laboratory, they were less selective to A. mellifera.
Staying Out of Trouble With Intramedullary Nailing of Distal Tibia Fractures
Authors: Lee Christopher , Brodke Dane J. , Stefanski James T. , Gurbani Ajay
Published: November 2020

As the biologically friendly and biomechanically sound technique of intramedullary fixation has been increasingly applied to distal tibia diaphyseal fractures, challenges with the technique have emerged. Malalignment, most often valgus and recurvatum, is more common than with mid-diaphyseal patterns, given the lack of endosteal fit, and this can be challenging to prevent. Key technical steps can ensure success. These include recognition and initial fixation of intra-articular fracture planes, the use of percutaneous clamps, a slightly lateral terminal nail position, and the use of blocking wires or screws to prevent malalignment after nail passage. With thorough preoperative planning and early recognition of troublesome patterns, a variety of techniques can be applied to obtain and maintain a stable reduction throughout the procedure.
Restarting Orthopaedic Care in a Pandemic: Ethical Framework and Case Examples
Authors: Humbyrd Casey Jo , Dunham Alexandra M. , Xu Amy L. , Rieder Travis N.
Published: November 2020

The question about how to resume typical orthopaedic care during a pandemic, such as coronavirus disease 2019, should be framed not only as a logistic or safety question but also as an ethical question. The current published guidelines from surgical societies do not explicitly address ethical dilemmas, such as why public health ethics requires a cessation of nonemergency surgery or how to fairly allocate limited resources for delayed surgical care. We propose ethical guidance for the resumption of care on the basis of public health ethics with a focus on clinical equipoise, triage tiers, and flexibility. We then provide orthopaedic surgery examples to guide physicians in the ethical resumption of care.
Strength degradation of concrete beams under cyclic loading
Authors: Fenwick R. C.
Published: November 2020

The mechanisms for resisting flexure and shear in the plastic hinge zones of beams, which are subjected to cyclic loading, are examined. The results of thirty-eight beam tests which have been reported in the literature are reviewed, and criteria are developed for predicting the energy which may be dissipated and the accumulated inelastic deformation that may be sustained before strength degradation occurs.
Comparison of recent New Zealand and United States seismic design provisions for reinforced concrete beam-column joints and test results from four units designed according to the New Zealand code
Authors: Park R. , Milburn J. R.
Published: November 2020

A comparison is made of the seismic design provisions for reinforced concrete beam-column joints required by the new New Zealand concrete design code NZS 3101 and recently proposed United States procedures. Large differences are shown to exist between these new provisions of the two countries. Results are reported of cyclic load tests which were conducted according to the requirements of the new NZS 3101. The test results showed that location of plastic hinges in beams away from the column faces may be of considerable advantage in the design of joints, when member sizes are small and joint shears are high, due to less congestion of reinforcement and better anchorage conditions.
Estimation of Corn Leaf Area Index and Ground Cover With Vegetation Indices as a Result of Irrigation Dose
Authors: Papanikolaou C. D. , Sakellariou-Makrantonaki M. A.
Published: November 2020

New technologies have been implemented in the agricultural sector to improve crop production and resource management including irrigation water. A three-year long project was conducted to determine whether vegetation indices (VIs) could be used to estimate the leaf area index (LAI) as well as the soil cover fraction (fc) at different crop growth stages in order to use these parameters in a future study concerning irrigation through drones. A low cost unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) and a multispectral camera were used to calculate different VIs of corn (Zea mays). The irrigation scheduling based on the FAO Penman-Monteith equation and the drip irrigation method were used. Three treatments were organized in three replications and the irrigation doses were equal to 100%, 75%, and 50% of the daily evapotranspiration respectively. The Simple and Multiple Regression analysis were used and different equations were formed where the VIs were the predictor variables and the LAI and fc the predicted ones. According to the two-year period data (2018-2019), during 2018 the average maximum LAI in the full irrigation treatment (100%) was 4.1. In the medium irrigation treatment (75%) the LAI was 4.0. The LAI in the third treatment (50%) was 3.9. In 2019, the LAI was 3.7 (100% treatment). In the second treatment, the LAI was 3.3. The LAI in the third treatment was 3.0. According to the results different VIs and prediction equations could be used to estimate the LAI values with high accuracy with the in situ measurements as well as the soil cover fraction.
Comparison of selected properties
of cements modified with glassy carbon
and cancellous bone
Authors: Choryłek P.
Published: November 2020

Purpose: The aim of this manuscript was to study and analyse the properties of bone
cement (VertaPlex) before and after modification with glassy carbon (Alfa Aesar) and human
bone (MaxGraft).
Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the assumed goal, a series of samples
was made - five samples for each mixture, where: 5 bone cement samples, 5 bone cement
samples mixed with 20-50 μm glassy carbon in the ratio of 1 g carbon per 40 g of cement, and
5 samples of bone cement mixed with 20-50 μm glassy carbon and human bone in the ratio of
1 g of carbon per 40 g of cement and 0.4 g of bone per 40 g of cement. The produced samples
(4 for each mixture, 1 was the reference sample) were subjected to tests - compression test,
microscopic observations with a 3D microscope, surface profile tests and hardness tests.
Findings: The study has shown that modifications with glassy carbon and bone change the
mechanical properties, as well as the strength of the samples. Compression tests have shown
that the material without admixtures is characterized by the highest compressive strength and
the doping of the glassy carbon itself makes the material more brittle. A significant increase in
hardness was also observed for samples with glassy carbon and bones after the pressing process.
Practical implications: The study was made synthetically, without taking into account
the effect of the environment of body fluids and the human body temperature. This study is
an introduction to further considerations where samples for which these conditions will be
applied are currently being prepared.
Originality/value: For commercial use, in treatment of patients, cements modified with
glassy carbon and bone glassy carbon have not been used so far. Due to the prerequisites
of a positive effect of glassy carbon addition on osseointegration and biocompatibility, the
study in this area has been undertaken.
Die universitäre Rechtslehre und die Dichotomie von Öffentlichem Recht und Privatrecht
Authors: Hellgardt Alexander
Published: November 2020

Die Abgrenzung von Öffentlichem Recht und Privatrecht gilt nach wie vor als eine systematische Grundunterscheidung des deutschen Rechtssystems, obwohl sie in letzter Zeit vermehrt in Frage gestellt wird. In diesem Beitrag wird die These entwickelt, dass sowohl Entstehung als auch Fortbestand der Unterscheidung in wesentlicher Hinsicht den Anforderungen einer didaktischen Systematisierung des Rechtsstoffes geschuldet sind. Es zeigt sich, dass sich die rechtsdogmatische Systematisierung des Rechts nicht klar von der aus didaktischen Gründen unternommenen Einteilung des Rechtsstoffs abgrenzen lässt. Gerade die Vorgaben des Ersten Staatsexamens, wie sie sich in den Studienordnungen der Fachbereiche spiegeln, spielen eine zentrale Rolle für die Konservierung einer im Einzelnen längst überholten Grundunterscheidung.
Weltbewusstsein
Authors: Ette Ottmar
Published: November 2020

Kaum ein anderer Wissenschaftler, Schriftsteller und Gelehrter des ausgehenden 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts stellt für das Denken und Handeln zu Beginn des dritten Jahrtausends eine so faszinierende Herausforderung dar wie Alexander von Humboldt, der jüngere der beiden Humboldt-Brüder.

Dies mag erklären, warum der von seinen Zeitgenossen noch so bewunderte Naturwissenschaftler und Naturphilosoph, Kosmopolit und Kulturtheoretiker, kritische Intellektuelle und königliche Kammerherr - nach langen Jahrzehnten des Vergessens, in denen andere Vertreter des Nationalstolzes wichtiger schienen - der Öffentlichkeit wieder vertrauter geworden ist.
Arbeit an der Erfahrung
Authors: Birnbacher Leonhard
Published: November 2020

Anders als in Frankreich oder England, wo der Erste Weltkrieg die entscheidende Zäsur für die zivilgesellschaftliche Transformation darstellt, ist es in Deutschland der Zweite Weltkrieg, der zu einem grundlegenden Struktur- und Mentalitätswandel führt. Erst an seinem Ende bricht die deutsche Gesellschaft mit den Mobilisierungssystemen des Heroismus und Bellizismus und durch seinen Ausgang beginnt erst die deutsche Gesellschaft, jenes Selbstverständnis zu entwickeln, das uneingeschränkt auf Zivilität, Integration und Kooperation ausgerichtet ist.

Die vorliegende Untersuchung rekonstruiert, wie es der von Kriegs- und Gewalterfahrungen geprägten deutschen Gesellschaft nach dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs gelingt, diese Erfahrungen zu verarbeiten. Das Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs ist kein statisch fixierter Wendepunkt in der Geschichte des modernen Deutschlands, sondern eine eigenständige Übergangsphase, in der die deutsche Gesellschaft sich sukzessiv von den Erfahrungen des Krieges löst und ihr ziviles Selbstverständnis zu entwickeln beginnt.

Methodisch-konzeptionell operiert die Untersuchung mit einem erweiterten Erfahrungsverständnis, das darin nicht nur das Abbild subjektiver Wirklichkeit sieht, sondern Erfahrung als eine Wissenskategorie behandelt, die sich in Abhängigkeit zu ihrer soziokulturellen Umgebung auch ändern oder anpassen kann. Mit diesem erfahrungstheoretischen Zugriff gelingt es dem Autor aufzuzeigen, dass die Kriegs- und Gewalterfahrungen nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg weniger verdrängt als vielmehr diskursiv neu gerahmt und auf diesem Weg bewältigt wurden. Das für die kriegsgesellschaftliche Moderne charakteristische Bild von der sakrifiziellen Aufopferung verschwindet hierbei, während sich ein viktimes Sinnsystem zu entwickeln beginnt. Letzteres ermöglicht die narrative Bewältigung der Kriegsgewalt, entzieht dem Krieg aber ebenso die kulturelle Grundlage.
Der historische und philosophische Hintergrund buddhistischer Zeremonien und Feste auf Sri Lanka
Authors: Rambukwelle Devananda
Published: November 2020

Numerous Buddhist festivals and ceremonies shape life in Sri Lanka. Devananda Rambukwelle, himself a Buddhist monk, examines their philosophical roots and the history of their origins, describes their procedure in detail and explains their religious and social context.

“Whatever is available in Sri Lanka, Bhante Devananda has reviewed it, historically and religio-historically, and presents his findings in this book. Thus, it is also a contribution to the archiving of cultural history and, at the same time, shows how Buddhism is currently being implemented in Sri Lanka. "

Professor Dr. Dr. Bertram Schmitz (Religious Studies), Jena 2020
Censorship Dateline
Authors: Reynolds Stephanie
Published: November 2020

Museums, Publishers, Schools
The Power of Networking and Lessons Learned From Omegaven
Authors: Gura Kathleen M.
Published: November 2020

As more meetings become virtual, the impact of “live” meetings is being reevaluated. Here one example of how a chance meeting at a national pharmacy meeting led to the development of a new drug therapy that reinvented how parenteral nutrition is provided to infants and children is described. Along the way, many lessons were learned both in the lab and at home. Addressing the challenges raised by others, understanding how the FDA works, and the power of parental involvement are all considered. Until 2013, the only FDA-approved lipid emulsions were those composed of pure soybean oils. Starting with compassionate use protocol in 2004, it took 18 years and hundreds of patients to bring a pure fish oil lipid emulsion to the US market. First used off label to treat a soy-allergic patient dependent on parenteral nutrition, researchers at Boston Children's Hospital later conducted animal studies on its role in treating and preventing intestinal failure associated with liver injury and later translated it into clinical trials that led to the drug's approval in 2018. This is a recount of those efforts.
Evaluation of a Pediatric Enoxaparin Dosing Protocol and the Impact on Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Wiltrout Kayla , Lissick Jennifer , Raschka Mike , Nickel Amanda , Watson Dave
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVES

Enoxaparin has been studied for prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolism in the pediatric population. Dose-finding studies have suggested higher mean maintenance dose requirements in younger children; however, the current recommended dosing schema endorsed by the American College of Chest Physicians remains conservative, likely secondary to limited data on the safety and efficacy of escalated starting doses. Primary objectives of this study included the identification of patient characteristics and risk factors with associations to anti–factor Xa (anti-Xa) values. The secondary objective was to determine an association between the initial anti-Xa value and thrombus resolution. Safety outcomes related to bleeding were also assessed.

METHODS

This retrospective cohort study reviewed records of all pediatric patients ≤18 years of age who were initiated on therapeutic subcutaneous enoxaparin between October 1, 2008, and October 1, 2018, at Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota for an indication of incident thrombus (N = 283).

RESULTS

Successful resolution of thrombus was directly associated with attaining a therapeutic anti-Xa concentration upon first laboratory evaluation. Other characteristics with associations to initial anti-Xa values included age, body mass index, and certain diagnoses. The rate of composite bleeding was consistent across concentrations of anti-Xa (p = 0.4944).

CONCLUSIONS

Despite adherence to protocol, the current enoxaparin dosing nomogram is only successful at achieving a therapeutic anti-Xa concentration (0.5–1.0 unit/mL) 55.8% of the time. A more aggressive enoxaparin dosing nomogram is warranted, as delaying time to therapeutic anti-Xa values impacts clinical outcomes, specifically thrombus resolution. Further investigation into characteristics with association to anti-Xa concentrations is needed.
Stability of Extemporaneously Prepared Acetazolamide Oral Suspensions at Two Temperatures
Authors: Gillium Charlotte , Friciu Mihaela , Abatzoglou Nicolas , Leclair Grégoire
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVES

Some drugs need to be compounded by the pharmacist before being administered to the patient. A study was conducted to determine the stability of acetazolamide suspensions in 2 different vehicles (Oral Mix and Oral Mix Sugar Free [SF]) from bulk drug and tablets at 2 different temperatures and in 2 different containers (amber plastic bottles and clear plastic syringes).

METHODS

Acetazolamide suspensions (25 mg/mL) were prepared from bulk drug or tablets. Each suspension, using Oral Mix or Oral Mix SF, was split between 2 types of containers—amber plastic bottles and clear plastic syringes—and stored either at room temperature (23°C–27°C) or under refrigeration (3°C–7°C). Samples were drawn from the suspensions right after preparation and on days 7, 14, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90. They were then analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a reverse-phase column. A validated stability-indicating HPLC with ultraviolet detection method was developed. A visual inspection and a pH measurement were also completed at each time point. Stability was defined as retention of at least 90% of the initial concentration of acetazolamide suspension.

RESULTS

At least 91.2% of the initial acetazolamide concentration in suspensions remained throughout the 90-day study period for both vehicles, both containers, and both temperatures. Assays varied between 91.2% and 105.0% of the initial concentration for all 112 tested conditions but 2 (105.2% and 109.0%). Linear regression was calculated for each time profile and remained above 95.0% at the end of the study in all cases. Similarly, pH remained within 0.1 unit of the initial pH, which was 4.2 for Oral Mix and 4.3 for Oral Mix SF. Furthermore, no changes in organoleptic properties were observed because the preparations remained as white fluid suspensions without sedimentation.

CONCLUSIONS

Acetazolamide suspensions were stable for at least 90 days in all tested conditions because the average drug concentration was not less than 90% of the initial concentration. The beyond-use date could be extended from 60 to 90 days.
Management of Cepacia Syndrome With a Combination of Intravenous and Inhaled Antimicrobials in a Non-Cystic Fibrosis Pediatric Patient
Authors: Branstetter Joshua W. , Yarbrough April , Poole Claudette
Published: November 2020

Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is an opportunistic pathogen, posing little risk to healthy individuals. The presentation of Bcc can vary from a virtually asymptomatic chronic infection, to an acute, life-threatening necrotizing pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and bacteremia (cepacia syndrome) associated with a mortality rate up to 75%. We present the successful treatment of a 17-year-old male with chronic granulomatous disorder who presented with cepacia syndrome and confirmed Bcc pneumonia using a novel antimicrobial approach. Despite initial IV antimicrobial therapy, our patient continued to decline, developing hypotension requiring pressor support and eventually extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. An aggressive, multimechanistic approach including the combination of nebulized tobramycin, IV sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, ceftazidime, enteral minocycline, and corticosteroids was implemented. This multimechanistic antimicrobial approach in combination with systemic corticosteroids led to the successful treatment of cepacia syndrome in the setting of necrotizing pneumonia due to B cepacia with full respiratory recovery. We suggest that in patients with cepacia syndrome who continue to decline despite IV antimicrobial therapy, using multiple antimicrobial mechanisms of action may improve clinical outcomes.
Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy and Safety of Bosutinib in a Pediatric Patient With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Inoue Akiko , Imamura Chiyo K. , Shimada Hiroyuki , Katayama Daisuke , Urabe Keisuke , Suzuki Ryo , Takitani Kimitaka , Ashida Akira
Published: November 2020

Bosutinib is a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor indicated for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in adult patients. The safety and efficacy of bosutinib in patients younger than 18 years of age have not been established. We here report the case of a 4-year-old male with CML who was treated with bosutinib during coordination of human leukocyte antigen–matched unrelated bone-marrow transplantation because of insufficient responses to imatinib and dasatinib. The patient achieved a complete cytogenetic response immediately after starting bosutinib at 180 mg/day (290 mg/m2/day). Because toxicity was tolerable, the dose was increased to 200 mg/day (330 mg/m2/day). A complete cytogenetic response was maintained, but a major molecular response was not achieved 6 months after initiation of treatment with bosutinib. At steady state, maximum plasma concentration, minimum plasma concentration, and area under the plasma concentration-time curve were 89.2 ng/mL, 16.7 ng/mL, and 1017.4 ng·hr/mL, respectively, at 290 mg/m2/day; and 141.1 ng/mL, 18.9 ng/mL, and 1278.5 ng·hr/mL, respectively, at 330 mg/m2/day. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report to show the pharmacokinetics of bosutinib with efficacy and safety in a pediatric patient with CML. This rare case in a very young child with CML can also be valuable reference for clinical practice.
Experiences of Environmental Public Health Professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic response in Canada
Authors: Sekercioglu Fatih , Young Ian , Meldrum Richard , Ramos Jennifer
Published: November 2020

Environmental Public Health Professionals (EPHPs) have been playing a significant role in the COVID-19 pandemic response. This study examines the lived experiences of EPHPs during the COVID-19 pandemic and explores short- and long long-term strategies to address the challenges of EPHPs. A mixed-method, cross-sectional online survey was conducted in May 2020. The participants were the Canadian Institute of Public Health Inspectors certified EPHPs who currently work in Canada during the pandemic. The study results reveal that EPHPs have been heavily involved in the COVID-19 pandemic response by assuming different roles and tasks in many cases. The study highlights the vast array of EPHPs functions such as education and enforcement. Lack of employer support for training and access to safety equipment are among the significant outcomes. Mechanisms should be developed to ensure that mental health support is accessible for EPHPs to overcome the pandemic work’s challenges. As this is the first study to examine the lived experiences of EPHPs during the COVID-19 pandemic, further in-depth qualitative research should be conducted to examine the experiences of EPHPs at the local level.
The current place of direct oral anticoagulants in the prevention/treatment of venous thromboembolism
Authors: Tomić Maja
Published: November 2020

Venous thromboembolism (VTE; includes deep venous thrombosis, DVT, and pulmonary embolism, PE) represents the third most common acute cardiovascular syndrome. Contemporary VTE management comprises primary prevention in high-risk patients, treatment of established VTE, and prevention of its recurrence (secondary prevention). Anticoagulants are the basis of VTE pharmacological prophylaxis and treatment. For several decades, parenteral (heparin and low-molecular-weight heparins, LMWHs) and oral anticoagulants (vitamin K antagonists, VKAs) have been the cornerstone of VTE prevention/treatment. The introduction of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs: thrombin inhibitor dabigatran and Xa inhibitors rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, and betrixaban) markedly improved the management of VTE by overcoming many disadvantages of conventional anticoagulants. For primary VTE prevention in patients after total hip/knee arthroplasty, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and dabigatran are preferred over LMWHs, due to comparable efficacy and safety, but favourable acceptability (avoided everyday injections). In other high-risk populations (other surgical patients, acutely ill medical patients), LMWHs are still the recommended option. Betrixaban is currently the only DOAC approved for VTE prophylaxis in medically ill patients during and after hospitalization. For acute VTE treatment and secondary prevention, DOACs (rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, and dabigatran) are recommended as the first-line therapy in the general population. DOACs proved to be similarly effective but safer than VKAs. In some specific populations, DOACs also seem to be advantageous over conventional treatment (patients with renal impairment, elderly, long-term secondary prevention in cancer patients). Currently, there is no data from randomized head-to-head comparative studies between the DOAC classes or representatives so the choice is made mainly according to patient characteristics and pharmacokinetic properties of the drug.
Institutional environment of the National Qualifications System in the Russian Federation
Authors: Poryadina Olga , Chernyakevich Lidia , Andrianov Yurii
Published: November 2020

Methodological approaches to the organization of social and labour relations are systematized. The dynamics of the institutional environment of the labour market and vocational training system interaction in Russia is revealed. The peculiarities of the Russian experience of institutionalization of labour relations in the field of qualifications are shown. Post-industrial development of socio-economic systems, the processes of globalization, the transition of the Russian economy to an innovative model of development, the knowledge economy, the acceleration of scientific and technological progress and other objective challenges have necessitated the development of new human resource management mechanisms. In modern conditions the staff of an organization is considered to be the human capital, i.e. the field for strategic investments, a key factor in ensuring the competitiveness and sustainable development of the country, the region, the sector, the company rather than the costly part of the economy. Currently, one of the main problems of human resourcing for economic growth in the European Union and the Russian Federation is professional and qualification imbalance of supply and demand on the labour market. The National Qualifications System is aimed at solving the problems of linking the labour market with vocational training. Problematic aspects of development of the Russian National Qualifications System are marked.
Application of modified GARCH methodology: Developed financial markets versus emerging financial markets
Authors: Penezić Nenad , Anđelić Goran , Milošević Marko , Tot Vilmoš
Published: November 2020

The subject of this research is to analyze and test the modified GARCH methodology in terms of quantifying the impact of inflation rates, interest rates on government bonds, reference interest rates, and exchange rates on daily rates of return on investment activities in the observed financial markets of North America, Serbia and Croatia. The aim of the research, i.e. a special focus in the research, is to compare the obtained results between the developed financial markets and the financial markets of developing countries, as well as to test the modified GARCH methodology in the observed financial markets. The key indicators in the research, presumed to affect the daily return rates, were the following: inflation rate, interest rates on government bonds, reference interest rate and exchange rate. The time period covered by the research is from 2005 to 2017, where the width of the research time horizon allows testing the modified GARCH methodology in the periods before, during and after the global financial crisis. In addition to the use of modified GARCH econometric models, the research methodology includes the use of AIC, SIC and HQC (Akaike, Schwarz and Hannan-Quinn) criteria for selecting the best models, as well as the appropriate tests that are suitable for and/or adapted to the specific characteristics of financial markets of both developed and developing countries. The research results confirm the role and importance of the modified GARCH methodology for effective investment risk quantification in developed financial markets versus the financial markets of developing countries. In this sense, the obtained research results will be useful to both the academic community and the professional public in the context of investment decision making.
Fiscal management and political budget cycles in transition economies: Data panel analysis
Authors: Radonjić Ljubivoje , Despotović Danijela , Cvetanović Slobodan
Published: November 2020

In this paper, on the basis of relevant statistical tests, the influence of the electoral process on the trajectory of fiscal indicators in the transition countries is analyzed. The aim of the research is to identify the political manipulation of certain fiscal policy mechanisms in transition countries.The focus of the survey is on the growth of general government spending, the reduction of general government revenues and the creation of budget deficits as the coherent consequences of fiscal expansion in the pre-election period. By testing, there is no relevant evidence of the use of tax incentives as a form of political action on the economic sphere. On the other hand, the results of the survey indicate that in the observed countries, there really is a rise in government spending in the period before the election process and, consequently, the growth of budget deficits. However, according to the same findings, in the post-election period there is no reduction in consumption. Growth in general governments consumption continues, but to a lesser degree, which in turn leads to the correction of the budgetary balance.
Digital printing of men's T-shirt
Authors: Jankoska Maja
Published: November 2020

The T-shirt as we know it today is an apparel staple. This is the simple garment that is deeply ingrained in world culture. T-shirts are worn in one color, and there are more and more t-shirts that have printed applications on the front or back. When using the digital printing method "Direct to Garment" the quality of the garment is paramount to the quality of the final product, and makes of shirts will give different results. If the material is tightly woven and 100% cotton such as the tested samples, it is obtained guaranteed the best possible finish. The aim of this paper is computer construction, modeling and grading of parts of men's T-shirts, making a marker as well as sewing. The focus of this article is digital T-shirt printing.
Efeitos associados ao descarte inadequado do óleo vegetal residual nas propriedades físico-químicas do solo
Authors: Thode Filho Sérgio , Calderari Mônica Regina da Costa Marques , Perez Daniel Vidal , Paiva Julieta Laudelina de , Souza Paulo Sérgio Alves de , Cerqueira Alexandre Andrade
Published: November 2020

Quando lançado diretamente no solo, o óleo vegetal residual (OVR) ocupa os espaços que naturalmente seriam ocupados pela água e pelo ar, provocando a sua impermeabilização. Adicionalmente, a fauna e a flora deste local ficam impedidas de absorver os nutrientes, bem como as sementes não conseguem germinar o que torna o solo impróprio para o cultivo. Dependendo das características físico-químicas do solo e outras características como relevo e regime pluviométrico, o OVR pode migrar deste e atingir corpos hídricos e até mesmo o lençol freático. O presente trabalho avaliou os impactos associados ao descarte inadequado do OVR em propriedades físico-químicas de dois solos com texturas distintas (um arenoso e outro argiloso) em colunas de lixiviação. Os resultados mostram que o tratamento com 20 mL de OVR em solo arenoso, provocou maior impacto em 50% dos parâmetros analisados. O tratamento com 26 mL do OVR, em solo argiloso, provocou maior impacto em 67% dos parâmetros analisados. Portanto, o OVR mostrou-se como um resíduo de potencial contaminante se for disposto indevidamente sobre os dois tipos de solo, o que pode provocar impactos negativos não só no solo, mas também nas plantas cultivadas e na água subterrânea
Avaliação dos impactos socioambientais provocados por alagamentos e inundações no bairro Montese, localizado na Bacia do Tucunduba, Belém/PA
Authors: Azevedo Sarah Dias , Pinheiro Cézar Di Paula da Silva , Rodrigues Paulo Rick Soares , Torres Leandro Marques , Sandim Débora Prissila Reis
Published: November 2020

O crescimento e a consolidação da urbanização das bacias urbanas de Belém explicitaram um panorama ambiental alarmante. O grande adensamento ocasionou mudanças nos processos do ciclo hidrológico por meio da impermeabilização do solo, diminuição da cobertura vegetal e do aterramento das áreas mais baixas. Nessa vertente, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar as causas e os impactos socioambientais ocasionados por alagamentos e inundações no bairro Montese, localizado no municio de Belém/PA. Optou-se por elaborar mapas de Hipsometria e de declividade como forma de identificar as prováveis áreas suscetíveis a alagamentos no bairro de estudo e entender, através da análise dos resultados, se há uma relação direta entre os mesmos e os alagamentos locais por meio do comportamento altimétrico do local. Com relação à questão dos resíduos sólidos, foi indagado a respeito da frequência com que ocorre a limpeza dos canais próximos de suas residências. A partir da análise dos dados, 65% afirmaram que a limpeza ocorre de forma anual. Os moradores também foram perguntados sobre as causas dos alagamentos no bairro, onde 28% alegaram estar relacionada a falta de ações governamentais, sobretudo no que diz respeito a obras de drenagem e saneamento básico. Perguntou-se sobre a existência de ações governamentais voltadas para a melhoria das condições ambientais no bairro, onde 58 % nunca presenciou alguma ação dos órgãos gestores municipais. Então, observou-se que as causas e impactos decorrem de uma ocupação histórica sem planejamento que não levou em conta as características naturais da bacia. A ausência de políticas públicas relacionadas a falta de estruturas de saneamento, somado a questão dos resíduos sólidos, vem favorecendo a criação de condições de agrave para a ocorrência de alagamentos neste bairro, que juntamente com a ausência de obras de infraestrutura e manutenção dos canais, agravam a problemática em questão, causando inúmeros danos a essa população.
Diagnosis of the balneability conditions of Beira Rio beach in the municipality of Porto Nacional, Tocantins
Authors: Souza Paulo Victor Ferreira de , Balduino Ã‚ngelo Ricardo
Published: November 2020

The Tocantins River has great water resources and it has been highly sought after for recreational activity, and it is highlighted for the beautiful beaches that are formed in its extension. It is important to remember that primary contact recreation and leisure activities have a specific criterion of sanitary safety for the purpose of balneability. This study evaluated the water quality of Beira Rio Beach in Porto Nacional - Tocantins. Microbiological analyses were performed using the indicators of the total coliform group and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The results of the monitoring were checked with the parameters established for balneability purposes defined by CONAMA Resolution No 274/00. The Colilert technique was used for detections and confirmatory identifications of total coliforms and E. coli. Low concentrations of E. coli were proven, which allowed the final classification in the category of 'excellent', according to CONAMA Resolution No. 274/00. Therefore, the waters of Beira Rio Beach, in the period of analysis and collection of samples, based on the indicator of bacteria of the E. coli group, were found within the accepted standards for balneability (primary contact recreation).