bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Timed Probabilistic Automaton: A Bridge between Raven and Song Scope for Automatic Species Recognition
Authors: Duan Shufei , Zhang Jinglan , Roe Paul , Wimmer Jason , Dong Xueyan , Truskinger Anthony , Towsey Michael
Published: June 2022

Raven and Song Scope are two, state-of-the-art automated sound analysis tools, based on machine learning techniques for detection of species vocalisations. Individually, these systems have been the subject of a number of reviews; however, to date there have been no comparisons made of their relative performance. This paper compares the tools based on six aspects: theory, software interface, ease of use, detection targets, detection accuracy, and potential applications. Examining these tools, we identified that they fail to detect both syllables and call structures, since Raven only aims to detect syllables while Song Scope targets call structures. Therefore, a Timed Probabilistic Automata (TPA) system is proposed which separates syllables and clusters them into complex structures.
Case-Based Meta-Prediction for Bioinformatics
Authors: Yun Xi , Epstein Susan , Han Weiwei , Xie Lei
Published: June 2022

Before laboratory testing, bioinformatics problems often require a machine-learned predictor to identify the most likely choices among a wealth of possibilities. Researchers may advocate different predictors for the same problem, none of which is best in all situations. This paper introduces a casebased meta-predictor that combines a set of elaborate, preexisting predictors to improve their accuracy on a difficult and important problem: protein-ligand docking. The method focuses on the reliability of its component predictors, and has broad potential applications in biology and chemistry. Despite noisy and biased input, the method outperforms its individual components on benchmark data. It provides a promising solution for the performance improvement of compound virtual screening, which would thereby reduce the time and cost of drug discovery.
Multiagent Router Throttling: Decentralized Coordinated Response Against DDoS Attacks
Authors: Malialis Kleanthis , Kudenko Daniel
Published: June 2022

Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks constitute a rapidly evolving threat in the current Internet. In this paper we introduce Multiagent Router Throttling, a decentralized DDoS response mechanism in which a set of upstream routers independently learn to throttle traffic towards a victim server. We compare our approach against a baseline and a popular throttling technique from the literature, and we show that our proposed approach is more secure, reliable and cost-effective. Furthermore, our approach outperforms the baseline technique and either outperforms or has the same performance as the popular one.
“Paradigms of AI Programming” in Python
Authors: Connelly Daniel , Goel Ashok
Published: June 2022

Norvig’s (1992) Paradigms of AI Programming is an important book for learning about AI programming. However, the book uses Common Lisp as the programming language, which is less popular now than in 1992. Thus, we have translated many classical AI programs described in the book into Python, a more commonly used language. We have also documented the programs and offered them as a resource in a course on knowledge-based AI.
Student-Friendly Java-Based Multiagent Event Handling
Authors: Tappan Dan
Published: June 2022

This work describes a student-friendly, pedagogy-oriented event-handling system for managing multiagent AI simulations in a classroom environment.
Generative Adversarial Networks and Probabilistic Graph Models for Hyperspectral Image Classification
Authors: Zhong Zilong , Li Jonathan
Published: June 2022

High spectral dimensionality and the shortage of annotations make hyperspectral image (HSI) classification a challenging problem. Recent studies suggest that convolutional neural networks can learn discriminative spatial features, which play a paramount role in HSI interpretation. However, most of these methods ignore the distinctive spectral-spatial characteristic of hyperspectral data. In addition, a large amount of unlabeled data remains an unexploited gold mine for efficient data use. Therefore, we proposed an integration of generative adversarial networks (GANs) and probabilistic graphical models for HSI classification. Specifically, we used a spectral-spatial generator and a discriminator to identify land cover categories of hyperspectral cubes. Moreover, to take advantage of a large amount of unlabeled data, we adopted a conditional random field to refine the preliminary classification results generated by GANs. Experimental results obtained using two commonly studied datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework achieved encouraging classification accuracy using a small number of data for training.
Learning Attention Model From Human for Visuomotor Tasks
Authors: Zhang Luxin , Zhang Ruohan , Liu Zhuode , Hayhoe Mary , Ballard Dana
Published: June 2022

A wealth of information regarding intelligent decision making is conveyed by human gaze and visual attention, hence, modeling and exploiting such information might be a promising way to strengthen algorithms like deep reinforcement learning. We collect high-quality human action and gaze data while playing Atari games. Using these data, we train a deep neural network that can predict human gaze positions and visual attention with high accuracy.
Predicting Depression Severity by Multi-Modal Feature Engineering and Fusion
Authors: Samareh Aven , Jin Yan , Wang Zhangyang , Chang Xiangyu , Huang Shuai
Published: June 2022

We present our preliminary work to determine if patient's vocal acoustic, linguistic, and facial patterns could predict clinical ratings of depression severity, namely Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8). We proposed a multi-modal fusion model that combines three different modalities: audio, video, and text features. By training over the AVEC2017 dataset, our proposed model outperforms each single-modality prediction model, and surpasses the dataset baseline with a nice margin.
AdGAP: Advanced Global Average Pooling
Authors: Ghosh Arna , Bhattacharya Biswarup , Basu Roy Chowdhury Somnath
Published: June 2022

Global average pooling (GAP) has been used previously to generate class activation maps. The motivation behind AdGAP comes from the fact that the convolutional filters possess position information of the essential features and hence, combination of the feature maps could help us locate the class instances in an image. Our novel architecture generates promising results and unlike previous methods, the architecture is not sensitive to the size of the input image, thus promising wider application.
Hasankeyf’te Baraj Gölü Alanında Kalan Taşınmaz Kültür Varlıklarını Koruma ve Kurtarma (Taşıma) Yaklaşımı ve Metotları
Authors: SEVGİ Serap , YILMAZ Mesut
Published: June 2022

Ülkemizde kalkınma yatırımları arasında yer alan akarsu havzalarında inşa edilen bazı barajlar sit alanlarını ve Taşınmaz Kültür Varlıklarını etkilediğinden, kültürel mirası koruyan ve gelecek nesillere aktaran önemli bir görevi beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu nedenle kalkınma projeleri gerçekleştirilirken kalkınma-kültürel mirasın korunması dengesinin gözetilmesi önem kazanmaktadır. Kalkınma projeleri nedeniyle tehdit altında giren kültür varlıkların kurtarılması ya da olumsuz etkilerin azaltılması için son seçenek olarak yerinde koruma, kısmı veya bütünüyle yeni bir yere nakil edilmesi gibi çalışmaların gerçekleştirmesini gerektirmektedir. Makalenin konusunun oluşturan ve Güney Anadolu Bölgesinde Siirt, Şırnak, Mardin, Diyarbakır ve Batman illerinin kimi yerleşimlerini kapsayan Ilısu Barajı ve Hidroelektrik Santralı (HES) Projesinin rezervuar alanında kalan Hasankeyf’teki kültür varlıklarının korunma ve kurtarılmasına yönelik çalışmalar bu anlamda en özel örneklerdir. İnterdisipliner uzman ekiplerle hazırlanan yönetim planı çerçevesinde, bütünleşik koruma ilkelerine dayanılarak gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmaların, benzer yok olma tehdidi ile karşılaşan kültür varlıklarının korunması/kurtarılması için yaklaşımlar ve metotlar açısından fikir vermesi hedeflenmiştir.
IRRIGATED LAND USE INDEX CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF WESTERN SIBERIA)
Authors:   Institute for Water and Environmental Problems, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orlova Inna V.
Published: June 2022

In connection with the growing role of land irrigation followingthe aggravation of climate change and food security issues, there is an obvious trend toward the geosystem orientation in the study of complex processes and relationships in irrigated areas, andthe problem of integral quantitative assessment of factors and parameters that determine the geospatial functioning of irrigated land use comes to the fore. Such assessment is necessary to support management decisions and determine priorities for further sustainable development.The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for constructing and assessing the irrigated land use index which aggregates information on the key characteristics, relationships, and factors of geospace that determine the territorial specifics of the functioning and differentiation of irrigated land use.The algorithm of the methodology includes the following stages:determination of the main components of the system under study; selection and normalization of key parameters;study of their relationships based on correlation analysis;building a formula for aggregating indicators into an integral index based on the principal component method;ranking and grouping of objects of analysis based on the typological approach and cluster analysis.With the use of this methodology, four types of irrigated land use in municipal districtsof Western Siberia were identified,ranked by the totality of the level of functioning and combination of the geoirrigation environment parameters.The highest values of the integral indexwere determined for irrigatedland use in forest-steppe suburban areasspecializing in growing potatoes and other vegetables and in steppe arid areas withlivestock specialization.The results of this study can be usedboth to develop interdisciplinary research in the field of irrigated land useand to support strategic management decisionsat the regional and municipal district levels.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks: A Case Series of Sinus Opacification on Computed Tomography (CT) Imaging
Authors: Wilson Andrew , Walter Carissa` , Clark Lauren , Shi Peng , Guenther Mitchell
Published: June 2022

Introduction. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks occur when fluid seeps through a dural or skull base defect, typically in the nose or ear. CSF leaks are commonly identified and diagnosed by use of computed tomography (CT) and CT cisternogram. CT findings suggestive of a CSF leak include a skull-based bone defect along with opacification of the contiguous sinus. Our study examined a series of CSF leaks on CT imaging to document imaging findings.
Methods. A single-institution retrospective review of cases of CSF leak diagnosed by CT maxillofacial or CT cisternogram from 1/1/2008 – 3/12/2018 was performed. Patient demographics, history, imaging findings, and treatment were recorded.
Results. Thirty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria for the study. The average age was 51, and a large majority were female (76.9%). Among the 25 patients in which it was reported, the mean size of skull base defect was 0.472 cm. Of the 39 total cases, 27 patients (69.2%) presented with sinus opacification on CT imaging.
Conclusions. Radiologists should be aware of the possibility of notable sinus opacification observable on CT when investigating a potential CSF leak. Opacification may vary in both location and size depending on the nature and location of a CSF leak. Further research is needed to draw a correlation between sinus opacification seen on CT scan and the diagnosed origin of a CSF leak.
A Guerra Colonial nas Narrativas Mediáticas: Como os Jornais de Portugal e Angola Recontaram uma Efeméride 60 Anos Depois
Authors: Freitas Gustavo , Peixinho Ana Teresa
Published: June 2022

A 15 de março de 2021 completaram-se 60 anos da insurgência angolana que deu início à Guerra Colonial. A data reavivou a memória de um marco interseccional entre as histórias de Portugal e Angola e, por ter ganhado espaço nos média informativos mainstream, fez-se oportuna para que se analisassem as narrativas mediáticas que recontaram o conflito. O episódio, que se deu em 1961, foi motivado por uma série de fatores, dos quais se destaca a insatisfação dos povos nativos com o regime de exploração. Nesta investigação, inscrita no campo da narratologia pós-colonial, pretendeu-se compreender de que forma os jornais portugueses e angolanos reportaram esta efeméride. Para tal, recorreu-se a uma metodologia de natureza qualitativa — a análise crítica do discurso — e analisaram-se, de modo exploratório, textos jornalísticos sobre a efeméride em questão publicados nos diários Público e Jornal de Angola. O objetivo era compreender as diferenças ideológicas entre a abordagem de cada uma das produções mediáticas, assinalando encontros e desencontros, e identificar as estratégias discursivas que moldaram tais narrativas mediáticas contemporâneas acerca de conflitos coloniais. Entre as conclusões está a perceção de que o jornal angolano costurou a sua narrativa a partir de uma perspetiva interna do colonialismo, com uma abordagem dos acontecimentos a partir dos relatos de quem os viveu. Por seu turno, o órgão português pautou-se pelas relações já pós-coloniais que se desenhavam à medida em que avançava a globalização.
A Ambivalência Colonial nas Imagens em Movimento Contemporâneas: O Caso Português
Authors: Brás Patrícia Sequeira
Published: June 2022

Este artigo é uma tentativa exploratória de abordar a ambivalência colonial implícita nas imagens em movimento contemporâneas no contexto português. O giro pós-colonial que emergiu nas últimas décadas em Portugal corrobora uma tentativa de problematizar a condição pós-colonial portuguesa, que deriva de uma admissão tardia de que a nossa sociedade contemporânea foi construída a partir da pilhagem colonial. Baseando-me na crítica à lusofonia, defendo que este giro pós-colonial é também uma consequência da necessidade de inscrever a narrativa nacional portuguesa num mundo cada vez mais global, necessidade essa que resulta da subordinação da cultura às “leis do mercado”. Além disso, essa abordagem pós-colonial presente na cultura visual contemporânea portuguesa é ambivalente, pois tende a ignorar o problema da legitimidade e da posição de fala do artista e/ou intelectual. O problema da legitimidade — de quem fala de e sobre os outros — é muitas vezes, paradoxalmente, ignorado na produção audiovisual contemporânea que aborda o passado colonial português e a sua condição pós-colonial. Da mesma maneira que a relação intrínseca entre produção visual e conhecimento e, consequentemente, entre produção visual e poder é também ignorada. Dessa forma, defendo que a ambivalência colonial continua a permear os discursos culturais e as práticas artísticas contemporâneas, mesmo quando tais práticas e discursos parecem produzir uma crítica pós-colonial.
Processos de Marginalização Étnica e Cultural na África Pós-Colonial. O Caso dos Amakhuwa de Moçambique
Authors: Bussotti Luca , Nhaueleque Laura António
Published: June 2022

Apesar de a questão étnica nunca ter constituído um elemento explícito na construção do Estado moçambicano, esta sempre caracterizou a vida pública do país, com tensões relevantes, mas geralmente negligenciadas. Durante a luta de libertação, dois grupos étnicos aliaram-se, os “intelectuais” ronga e os “guerrilheiros” maconde, de facto excluindo os outros povos de Moçambique deste processo que irá marcar indelevelmente a história do país pós-colonial. Na época socialista, o lema “matar a tribo para fazer a nação” continuou a procrastinar o “esquecimento étnico”, prefigurando uma tentativa, malsucedida, de impor o modelo socialista autoritário formulado pelos ronga e machangana a todo o resto do país. A mesma situação se deu com a viragem democrática da década de 1990. Neste caso, diante de um pluralismo formal, os elementos de poder, assim como culturais e artísticos privilegiados foram, mais uma vez, os produzidos no sul (timbila e marrabenta) e no norte, pelos maconde (mapiko e esculturas), em detrimento de outros povos, entre os quais os amakhuwa, o grupo numericamente maioritário em Moçambique. Para este processo de marginalização étnica contribuíram doadores e investigadores internacionais, que aceitaram e desenvolveram a pauta proposta pela Frente de Libertação de Moçambique, interpretando práticas tradicionais como os ritos de iniciação sob o ponto de vista da violação dos direitos humanos. A pesquisa aqui apresentada traz evidências de como este longo processo de esquecimento étnico foi, em boa verdade, um programa político pensado e implementado desde a luta de libertação e que continuou, com as necessárias adaptações, até hoje, influindo diretamente na difusão da produção cultural e artística local. A abordagem usada foi de tipo histórico, com contínuos cruzamentos com a análise política e as políticas culturais de Moçambique.
CEO POWER AND RISK-TAKING: INTERMEDIATE ROLE OF PERSONALITY TRAITS
Authors: Кораблев Денис , Подухович Дмитрий
Published: June 2022

In our paper we discuss how different personal characteristics of a CEO, being affected by CEO power, may in turn affect personal risk-taking. Agency theory states that managers have non-changing risk preferences and are either risk-averse or risk-neutral. In contrast to that, there may be cases, when managers are risk-seekers and power of executives is positively related to excessive risk-taking. Additionally, agency theory assumes that CEOs are homogenous in power use and ignores difference of CEOs in term of personality traits as well as its impact on corporate decisions. Therefore, our aim is to focus specifically on factors that connect CEO power with CEO risk-taking and to analyze possible effects of that relationship on firm. Based on both psychological and managerial studies, we conclude that, on the one hand, CEO’s power can affect CEO’s personal traits by producing [in the case of overconfidence or hubris] or by enhancing them [in case of narcissism]. On the other hand, CEO’s personal traits affect CEO’s risk-taking. It can be either by changing the perception of risk or because of behavior patterns inherent to those traits. Finally, we hypothesize that CEO power can affect CEO personal risk-taking through personality traits. By examining relationship between CEO power and CEO risk-taking based on individual-level determinants, our paper adds to the behavioral corporate finance and corporate governance literature.
Double Whole Mount In Situ Hybridization in Zebrafish v1
Authors: R. Hammond-Weinberger D
Published: June 2022

This protocol has been optimized for serial detection of two chromogenic substrates in embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio). Several stain pairings are included as options. Protocol begins with tissue preparation and ends with a glycerol series in preparation for imaging. This protocol has been successfully used on 24 hpf zebrafish embryos.
[RETRACTED] Prime Shape Keto GummiesBody Weight Reduction Formula Reviews, Official Store , price and where to buy ? v1
Authors: not provided drakeswiftbuy
Published: June 2022

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These measurements when consumed appropriately can give the best of weight loss.
Ramón y Cajal, la Neurociencia a través del Arte
Authors: Salazar Rosana
Published: June 2022

Este artículo es una breve crónica del resultado ofrecido por un taller llevado a cabo en Julio de 2021. En él, ponemos en valor el trabajo artístico de Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852-1934), además de difundir su labor científica al mayor número posible de personas. A través de la acuarela, los participantes descubren el recóndito mundo del sistema nervioso. La finalidad de esta propuesta es hacer la ciencia accesible a todo el mundo, sin importar su bagaje ni procedencia. Cualquiera puede disfrutar de ella y alimentar un poco más su curiosidad. Además, ese conocimiento científico puede ser aprovechado con fines artísticos.

Para todo esto, en este artículo doy cuenta del taller llevado a cabo durante el congreso tal y como ocurrió. Para ello, primero hago una introducción teórica sobre la realidad de la imposibilidad de la disociación de ciencia y arte, y también sitúo mi experiencia en el contexto de otros ensayos que, no siendo iguales, han trabajado sobre la misma idea.

Palabras clave: acuarela, divulgación científica, neurociencia, Ramón y Cajal, siste- ma nervioso, taller artístico.
Y sin embargo se mueve: una iniciativa popular en la intervención artística y social
Authors: Soto Moreno Estrella
Published: June 2022

"Y sin embargo se mueve: una iniciativa popular en la intervención artística y social" es un corto de vídeo, en el que reflejo el proyecto vital de Juan Carlos Machuca. Él es un ciudadano activista. Fontanero de profesión que trabaja como camarero. A través de la intervención estética y espacial en solares improductivos de la ciudad Jaén, comunica a la población sus principios sobre ecología, armonía y bienestar social. Sus habilidades profesionales las pone al servicio de su creatividad, dando como resultado un espacio expositivo en el que sus instalaciones contemporáneas y las de otros artistas y población jiennense, participan con él.
Abramos las puertas a la igualdad: una experiencia plástica y artística con el alumnado universitario de Educación Infantil.
Authors: Márquez Casero María Victoria , Del Río Fernández Pilar
Published: June 2022

En este artículo presentamos una experiencia plástica y visual, llevada a cabo por las alumnas del Grado de Infantil en el Curso 3ª. Esta propuesta se enmarca dentro del grupo de investigación HUM816 E-Arlit, de la Universidad de Málaga, y pretende desarrollar dos de sus líneas de actuación: el conocimiento de las técnicas plásticas partiendo de la propia experimentación, y, la concienciación de una sociedad más igualitaria basada en la paridad de género. Trabajamos con el alumnado matriculado en la asignatura Educación Plástica y Visual, proponiendo como práctica artística la elaboración de una obra artística sobre puertas. ¿Por qué elegimos semejante soporte? Queríamos que cada una de las obras significase la posibilidad de abrir una nueva mira hacia la igualdad, no se trataba sólo de deliberar sobre este principio jurídico, sino que cada grupo de alumnas debían de llevar su visión más allá del problema y exponer, ayudándose de técnicas acrílicas, sus propias reflexiones. Es un ejercicio de concienciación ante la certeza de que la igualdad de género no es sólo un derecho fundamental, es la base indispensable para conseguir un mundo pacífico y próspero.
Social Aspects of Democratic Safeguards in Privacy Rights: A Qualitative Study of the European Union and China
Authors: Kovač Polonca , Rudolf Grega
Published: June 2022

Purpose: The primary objective of the present research is to identify the basic tools and restrictions concerning the protection of privacy and personal data in the EU and China as two fundamentally different cultural systems. Based on the socio-cultural analysis of backgrounds, trends and expert assessments, the research aims to examine whether privacy protection standards, such as those provided by the GDPR in the EU, are sufficiently robust to endure the digital age. Two different cultural frameworks have been analysed in order to understand their influence on practical behaviours regarding the democratic safeguards in privacy rights enforcement in the EU compared with China. This is accomplished by comparing social control in the EU and the social credit system in China.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Considering the administrative context, a combined qualitative approach is applied, including normative and dogmatic methods, literature analysis, sociological and historical methods, expert interviews, and comparative and axiological methods.
Findings: The results of both theoretical and empirical parts of the research suggest that the stricter regulation in the EU compared to China – in the sense of more consistent protection of privacy and personal data as well as transparency rights – can be attributed to its democratic protection of human rights and more definitive regulations, particularly the GDPR. These major differences seem to create an even deeper gap in the future, to be explored scientifically and in practice. The authors conclude that authorities must actively guarantee the rights related to privacy and personal data protection, or else effective governance will lead to a surveillance society and erosion of individuals’ freedom as a valuable civilizational asset.
Academic contribution to the field: The research contributes to administrative science by addressing one of the key concepts of modern public governance, namely the collision between the principles of effectiveness and transparency on the one hand and privacy on the other. The use of scientific methods paves the way for further comparisons.
Practical Implications: The article provides a concise overview of the relevant literature and an analysis of the rules that underpin the implementation, evaluation and improvement of regulations, especially in the light of ICT development, e.g. in times of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Originality/Value: The paper bridges the gap created by the differences in the understanding of privacy and public governance in the field in the EU and China based on cultural differences. The usual general or merely law- or technology-based analyses are upgraded with a combination of various research methods.
Work During Non-Work Time of Public Employees
Authors: Mar Špela , Sokolić Danijela , Buzeti Jernej
Published: June 2022

Purpose: Employees and their work during non-work time are affected bytechnology development, societal changes and other factors that havean inherent impact on the employees’ attitude towards work during nonworktime. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the upto-date research on employees performing work during non-work time.Design/Methodology/Approach: The main methodological approachused in the article is a systematic literature review of 18 scientific articlesfound in citation databases in WOS, Scopus, etc. The collected literatureis relevant as it encompasses both quantitative and qualitative analysesto gather insights on performing work during non-work time.Findings: The results imply that work during non-work time is a growingphenomenon among employees and public employees are no exception.Regarding the socio-demographic groups affected, findings indicatethat work during non-work time is particularly common for employees inmanagerial positions and for professionals in education, health and policeservices, as well as for employees engaged in remote work. They alsoconfirm that employees work during non-work time at different times ofthe day, at weekends, and during their annual and sick leave.Practical Implications: The article is especially relevant for public employeesdue to increased use of information and communication technology.As such, they are also exposed to intensifying work-related expectationsand requests/pressures for flexible work arrangements.Originality/Value: The originality of the topic is reflected in the underrepresentationof scientific research on the performance of work duringnon-work time among public employees.
National Development Banks in Europe – A Contribution to Sustainable Finance
Authors: Nyikos Györgyi , Kondor Zsuzsanna
Published: June 2022

Purpose: The paper explains critical changes to investment funding occurred over the past fifteen years in the European Union and explores the added value that National Development Banks create for sustainable finance. The delivery of the European Green Deal and the recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic require an unprecedented scale of resources. The need to adopt a new sustainable investment approach and adjust the operation of the financial system has become inevitable. Existing research has underlined the role national development banks play in counter-cyclical measures and promotion of the government’s public policy goals. However, their standing in the sustainable finance landscape has enjoyed less attention so far. The paper, therefore, looks at how the remit of the Banks has evolved and assesses their progress and further development needs in relation to promoting sustainable finance.    Design/Methodology/Approach: The research has followed a two-phase design. The first phase has included the examination of the operational setting of National Development Banks and their impact on overcoming market failures and improving access to finance. The second phase concentrated on drawing a comparison between the new regulatory requirements, in particular the European Green Deal, the EU Taxonomy Regulation and the functioning of the National Development Banks. The methodology has included a detailed literature review, desk research, data collection and re-assessment of earlier surveys, which has been used for prescriptive comparative analysis and cluster analysis. Findings: The paper concludes that National Development Banks, despite their common goals and mandates, demonstrate important variations in terms of government involvement in strategic direction and decision-making and the Banks’ actual contribution to national policy goals. The outcome confirms the hypothesis that recent changes to the EU strategic and regulatory framework only require minor amendments to the direction of NDB investments. Their original setup and objectives are already in accordance with the new expectations and they invest mostly in economic sectors that the new taxonomy system classifies as sustainable. Practical Implications/ Originality/Value: This is important for the scholarly discourse on the essential conditions for sustainable finance. Meanwhile, the results provide usable guidance for development banks/funding agencies in Europe, too. The paper offers a solid ground for continued explorations of the European financial sector, whereas the recently adopted Digital Finance Package could further widen the agenda of the research direction.
Comparing Manuka and Other Medical Honeys as Adjunct to Antibiotic Therapy against Facultative Anaerobes
Authors: Sievers Justus Thomas Obiajulu , Moffat Emily , Yusuf Khadijah , Sarwar Nabaa , Bowolaksono Anom , Fyfe Lorna
Published: June 2022

The development of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria has created a push for new treatments, with honeys (especially Manuka) becoming a common focus due to their strong antimicrobial action. However, alternatives to Manuka are necessary, as its production is vulnerable. Additionally, research is lacking on how honey affect facultative anaerobic bacteria grown in anaerobic conditions and how honey and antibiotics interact in these conditions. In order to understand these interactions and find novel honey candidates, we investigated the antibacterial effects of four honeys (two Manuka, one Chilean and one ‘Santa Cruz’ honeydew honey) against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown aerobically and anaerobically in broth cultures, and how the honeys affected the action of common antibiotics against these bacteria using agar diffusion assays. We found all honeys to be highly effective at 75% honey, with no significant differences between honeys, showing that other honeys were suitable alternatives to Manuka at such high concentrations. At 20%, oxygen availability and bacterial species impacted the effectiveness of honeys as Santa Cruz honey was most effective aerobically but failed anaerobically, while Manuka honeys were effective against S. aureus but not P. aeruginosa in both conditions, and Chilean honey was ineffective against all samples. The addition of honey increased bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics in some cases, varying with aerobic conditions. The antibacterial activity of the honeys, and differences in conditions whether aerobically or anaerobically, were not correlated with pH, antioxidant capacity or total phenolic count. Since in all cases honeys were either beneficial or of no effect, these results supported the use of honey as adjunct to antibiotic therapy in scenarios such as on bandages, with honeys other than Manuka also being worth consideration.
Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity of Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.
Authors: Sabandar Carla Wulandari , Jalil Juriyati , Ahmat Norizan , Aladdin Nor-Ashila , Nik Abdullah Zawawi Nik Khairunissa , Sahidin Idin
Published: June 2022

Syzygium polyanthum has been used as folk medicine to treat ailments related to oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of stem bark and root bark of the plant were investigated. The experiments that have been carried out were estimation of total phenolic and total flavonoid in the methanol extracts and fractions of both parts, isolation and structure elucidation of chemical compounds, anti-inflammatory activity evaluation based on inhibition of prostaglandin E2 production in the LPS-induced human whole blood using radioimmunoassay technique as well as antioxidant activity based on assays by using free radical scavenging DPPH and FRAP. Results showed high amounts of phenolics and flavonoids in both parts of S. polyanthum. Seven compounds were succesfully isolated from the stem bark and identified as stigmasterol (1), 8-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-pentylisocoumarin (2), 3,3’-di-O-methylellagic acid (3), methylgallate (4), asiatic acid (5), arjunolic acid (6), and daucosterol (7). The ethyl acetate fraction of the root bark showed potent inhibitory activity on the production of PGE2 (IC50 3.03 ± 0.83 μg/mL). The methanol extract of the stem bark displaying promising DPPH scavenging activity (SC50= 2.82 ± 0.1 μg/mL) and FRAP activity (7.02 ± 0.1 μg/μg of equivalent trolox amount). Compounds 1, 5, 6 and 7 showed pronounced inhibitory activity on the PGE2 production with IC50ranging from 0.052 to 1.25 μM. Meanwhile, compound 4 exhibited antioxidant activity toward DPPH (SC5010.60 μM) and FRAP (20.5 ± 1.0 μg/μg). The study concluded that S. polyanthum as a potential source for therapeutic agents with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
Prestasi Bahan Polimer Komposit Dicetak menggunakan Pemodelan Pemendapan Bersatu: Suatu Ulasan Ringkas
Authors: Khalid Nisa Naima , Mohd Radzuan Nabilah Afiqah , Sulong Abu Bakar , Mohd Foudzi Farhana
Published: June 2022

Penambahan kandungan pengisi polimer komposit dapat meningkatkan kekonduksian elektrik dan terma yang baik, serta mempunyai kekuatan tegangan dan modulus yang tinggi telah memperluaskan aplikasi dalam industri peranti elektronik. Walau bagaimanapun, penambahan kandungan pengisi yang kurang daripada 20 bt.% akan mengakibatkan ketidaksempurnaan dalam penyebaran serta terdapat gumpalan pengisi ke dalam komposit. Ulasan kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti pengaruh penambahan kandungan pengisi bagi bahan konduktif polimer komposit menggunakan percetakan 3D terhadap sifat elektrik, terma dan mekanikal. Ulasan ini merangkumi penggunaan bahan konduktif polimer komposit yang dibentuk melalui kaedah Pemodelan Pemendapan Bersatu (FDM) yang merupakan salah satu daripada percetakan 3D. Proses percetakan 3D yang dilapisi oleh lapisan demi lapisan akan menghasilkan struktur objek yang kompleks serta proses pembuatan yang cepat telah memberi sumbangan kepada penghasilan konduktif polimer komposit. Kekonduksian elektrik dapat ditingkatkan dengan penambahan kandungan pengisi sehingga 50 bt.%. Selain itu, penambahan kandungan pengisi yang dapat menawarkan permukaan yang lebih berkesan antara permukaan pengisi dan matriks telah meningkatkan suhu penghabluran (Tc) dan suhu puncak penghabluran (Tp) dalam sifat terma serta nilai kekuatan tegangan dan modulus dalam sifat mekanik. Penambahan kandungan pengisi polimer komposit sehingga 50 bt.% dapat meningkatkan kesesuaian bahan untuk digunakan pada peranti elektronik.
A Bronze Age Shaft-Hole Axe from the Northwestern Baraba Forest-Steppe
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borodovsky A. P. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: June 2022

Статья посвящена публикации и анализу вислообушного топора с гребнем, обнаруженного на южном берегу оз. Майдан (Венгеровский р-н Новосибирской обл.), в контексте аналогичных случайных находок, которые рассматриваются как маркеры естественных границ ландшафтных зон в эпоху палеометалла и транспортных коридоров в бронзовом веке на юге Западной Сибири. Вислообушные топоры со слабовыраженным гребнем бытовали на этой территории в середине — второй половине II тыс. до н.э. Необходимо отметить, что для лесостепного Обь-Иртышья кроме вислообушных топоров характерно наличие серии литейных форм из различных материалов (глины, камня и металла). Данный факт свидетельствует о поступлении на эту территорию не только готовых предметов (топоров), но и литейной оснастки для их местного производства. Случайно найденные вислообушные топоры являются комплексным маркером. Он отражает не только ареал этих предметов в эпоху развитой и поздней бронзы, но и существенное смещение ландшафтных границ на север в очередной период климатических изменений, а также магистральные пути перемещения носителей определенных культурных традиций и их предметного комплекса. Картографирование различных разновидностей вислообушных топоров, найденных в Барабинской лесостепи, позволило выявить одно из древних меридиональных направлений их распространения с юга вплоть до Васюганских болот. Кроме целой серии вислообушных топоров в лесостепной Барабе в погребальных комплексах (Старый-Тартас-4) представлены их миниатюрные реплики-украшения. Этот признак сближает север западного региона (лесостепное Обь-Иртышье) распространения вислообушных топоров в эпоху бронзы на юге Западной Сибири с восточным регионом (Минусинская котловина).
Decorative Belts of Xianbei Period Nomads from Karban I, Northern Altai
Authors:   Altai State University, Seregin N. N. , Demin M. A. ,   Altai State Pedagogical University, Matrenin S. S. ,   Altai State University
Published: June 2022

В статье представлены результаты изучения наборных поясов из погребений сяньбийского времени некрополя Карбан I. Данный памятник, расположенный в Чемальском р-не Республики Алтай, исследовался в 1989-1990 гг. Элементы пяти наборных поясов (33 бляхи, 5 пряжек, 6 «блоков», 2 «наконечника-подвески») обнаружены в четырех непотревоженных мужских захоронениях (кург. 11, 27, 33, 39). Дано морфологическое описание функциональных и декоративных изделий в контексте их хронологической атрибуции с учетом известных аналогий в материалах памятников Алтая и сопредельных территорий последней четверти I тыс. до н.э. — первой половины I тыс. н.э. Сравнительный анализ характеристик сохранившихся элементов поясов позволил датировать их в рамках раннесяньбийского периода (II-III вв. н.э.). Судя по имеющимся данным, облик большей части рассматриваемых изделий у носителей булан-кобинской культуры Алтая сформировался под влиянием снаряжения хунну и сяньби. Зафиксированные in situ в захоронениях предметы стали основой для реконструкции нескольких вариантов наборных поясов, включавших редкие и ранее неизвестные модификации. Установлено, что разница состава гарнитур не связана с возрастом умерших мужчин и, по-видимому, отражает персональные предпочтения их владельцев. Изученные материалы подтверждают социальную значимость наборных поясов, большинство из которых были обнаружены в погребениях людей, имевших наиболее высокий статус в рамках локальной группы «булан-кобинцев», похороненных на некрополе Карбан I.
Occupation Layer at the Kushman Cluster of Sites (9th–13th Centuries) According to Multispectral Imaging Data
Authors:   Udmurt Federal Research Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zhurbin I. V. , Zlobina A. G. ,   Udmurt Federal Research Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Shaura A. S. ,   Udmurt Federal Research Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bazhenova A. I. ,   Udmurt Federal Research Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2022

Предложен новый методический подход к восстановлению границ и структуры средневековых поселений, не имеющих рельефных признаков. В Новое время территория абсолютного большинства памятников использовалась в качестве сельскохозяйственных угодий. Признаки поселений «сглаживались» в рельефе, а в результате эрозии перераспределялся почвенно-грунтовый материал разрушенного культурного слоя. Поэтому необходимо изучение не только самой площадки памятника, но и прилегающей территории. Тенденции распределения переотложенного культурного слоя отражают мощность культурных напластований времени существования поселения. Такие оценки можно получить, анализируя археологические и естественно-научные данные. Первоначально выполняется статистический анализ материалов многозональной аэрофотосъемки, по результатам которого площадка поселения и прилегающая территория подразделяются на участки с принципиально отличной интенсивностью растительности. Сопоставление с данными геофизических, почвенных и археологических исследований позволяет интерпретировать эти участки: оценить степень сохранности культурного слоя поселения (поверхностно-трансформированный, замещенный и переотложенный). Ранее проведенные междисциплинарные исследования Кушманского комплекса археологических памятников IX-XIII вв. показали существенные отличия от «традиционной» схемы расселения (городище и группа селищ): выявлено два городища (городище Учкакар и Кушманское III селище) и участок хозяйственного освоения (Кушманское II селище). Применение статистического анализа многозональной съемки позволило не только подтвердить ранее предложенную реконструкцию, но и обосновать гипотезу об исходных границах и структуре этих поселений.
Usage and Perception of Open Access Resources: A Study of Select Universities in Bangladesh
Authors: Monirul Islam M. , Bhattacharya Udayan , Khan Tonmoy Tazbir
Published: June 2022

The goal of this research is to examine the current state of Open Access (OA) Resources in six private and public universities in Bangladesh. It also seeks to analyze students’ awareness, utilization of, and attitude towards OA resources. Findings: The study found that 60% of the students perceive their universities have enough OA resources whereas the other 40% think their universities do not possess enough. In the meantime, only 50% of them are frequent users while the other 30% know but never used and the rest 20% have no idea about OA resources. However, the awareness of OA Resources amongst students is increasing day by day. The students possess a positive perception of OA Resources. Methodology: The questionnaire, direct interviews, various documentaries, and direct observation are used for the present study. We applied interview and own observation methods as the questionnaire approach had few limitations while collecting the data that is why so that this method was used to collect the required information to supplement the questionnaire methods and to bring more clarity to the data. The questionnaires were distributed personally to the students. Then we tried to understand the knowledge, utilization, and attitude of OA resources. Data Collection: The major step of the study for data collecting was the survey data from selected universities of Bangladesh. Moreover, the discussions were held with the students of these universities to examine awareness, use, and perception of OA Resources. Various journals articles, online sources, like Google, blog sites, Google Scholars, etc. have been used in this research.
Numerical Study on the Characteristics of AbyssalT-Wave Envelopes Controlled by Earthquake Source Parameters
Authors: Yun Sukyoung , Lee Won Sang , Dziak Robert P. , Matsumoto Haruyoshi
Published: June 2022

Hydroacoustics has been successfully applied to detect and locate small-to-intermediate submarine tectonic activities infrequently recorded in land-based seismic arrays. However, to extend the utilization of T waves to extract other important earthquake source parameters, such as source strength, the roles of earthquake focal mechanisms, and source depths in T-wave envelopes must be thoroughly understood. We performed 3D numerical modeling considering anisotropic source radiation and realistic scattering in the oceanic crust for two focal mechanisms (normal and strike-slip faults) and three depths (5, 10, and 15 km) to investigate the effect of source radiation and focal depth on abyssal T waves. By analyzing the synthetic T-wave envelopes, we showed that stronger SV-energy radiation from a normal-fault earthquake event generates higher-intensity T waves of the same source magnitude. The anisotropic source radiation of a double-couple source causes azimuthal changes in the shapes of T waves, and deeper earthquakes cause gentle-sloped envelopes; however, the slopes also vary with respect to the azimuths of receivers and focal mechanisms. Temporal changes in the slopes of T-wave envelopes of magmatic swarm events near Wordie Volcano, Bransfield Strait, Antarctic Peninsula, imply that the depth dependency can be utilized to determine relative depths for hydrothermal-vent events or sequenced earthquakes.
Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling for Improved High-Resolution Mapping of the Completeness Magnitude of Earthquake Catalogs
Authors: Feng Yu , Mignan Arnaud , Sornette Didier , Li Jiawei
Published: June 2022

Assessing the completeness magnitude Mc is essential for most seismicity studies. However, when studying the spatial variation of Mc in a region, the conventional methods that compute Mc based on the frequency–magnitude distribution (FMD) tend to give gaps and large uncertainties of Mc in subregions of low seismicity, thus rendering high-resolution Mc mapping infeasible. To address the limitations of the FMD-based methods, the Bayesian magnitude of completeness (BMC) method was proposed a decade ago to incorporate a priori information about Mc derived from its empirical relationship to the seismic network spatial configuration Mc=f(d), with d being the distance to the kth (typically k = 4 or 5) nearest seismic station at each node in space. Although widely used, the BMC method has several critical shortcomings that have long been neglected. In this study, we propose a hierarchical Bayesian model that inherently overcomes these shortcomings of the BMC method for high-resolution Mc mapping coined hierarchical Bayesian magnitude of completeness (H-BMC), which provides a unified and more appropriate approach to the integration of a priori information and local observations concerning Mc. We use an earthquake catalog from the Taiwan region to demonstrate that, compared with the FMD-based methods based solely on observed magnitudes, the proposed H-BMC method effectively utilizes a priori information via prior distributions and thereby gives complete and more reliable high-resolution Mc mapping in terms of gap filling and uncertainty reduction. We also highlight that the H-BMC method for Mc mapping serves as a generic and flexible modeling framework for logically combining imprecise information about Mc from different sources.