bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MANAGEMENT OF FUSARIUM SPECIES ISOLATED FROM ZINGIBER OFFICINALE (GINGER) BY ESSENTIAL OILS
Authors: P Sumalatha , Maheshwar P. K.
Published: July 2021

Mycological examination of 57 samples of Ginger revealed the occurrence of toxigenic Fusarium species (Fusarium verticililoides, F. oxysporum, F. solani and F. equiseti) with 44.9% of incidence. Fusarium species isolated in this study were treated with different concentration (1000 ppm, 1500 ppm, 2000 ppm, 2500 ppm) of five essential oils viz., Clove, Eucalyptus, Cedar wood , Peppermint and Lemon grass and the antifungal activity of each essential oils was evaluated. The results indicated that all essential oils exhibited anti-fungal activity at different concentrations. Peppermint oil was highly effective in inhibiting all the Fusarium species tested at 1500ppm and higher concentration. Lemongrass, Clove and Eucalyptus oils inhibited the fungal growth at 2000-2500 ppm. Cedar oil was less effective in inhibition of mycelial growth and sporulation of the Fusarium species tested. The present results reveals that essential oils can be used as natural fungicide at lowest concentrations for controlling Fusarium species in Ginger
PREPARATION OF WATER RESISTANT GLUE FROM MILK PLASTIC
Authors: Kamalambigeswari R. , Sharmila S. , Kowsalya E. , Singh Shankar , Naik Arun , Jeyanthi Rebecca L.
Published: July 2021

In this process of extracting Milk Plastic Water Resistant Glue from the casein 3 type of milk soya milk, fresh cow milk and the pastured milk were used. Casein was extracted and vinegar was added while milk was getting heated. Casein was separated, and dried for 2-3 days. Milk Plastic that was obtained was heated with distilled water. A pinch of papain is added and made it hot for 4 hours and then 1N of NaOH is added and heated for few minutes. The collected sample is centrifuged at 12000 rpm and the glue was obtained. The glue is stored at -200C. 2 card board pieces was stacked together by using this glue and dipped in water to check the water resistance. It was stable for about 10 minutes and then it was loosened. It is little expensive comparing to other glues when it was did with pure milk while if it is done with waste milk product its cost will be low.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF ROOT EXTRACTS OF PARKIA BIGLANDULOSA (WIGHT&ARN.)
Authors: G.D. Yogashree , Singh P Shivakumar , H.C Shrishail
Published: July 2021

The current research work estimated to explore the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major bioactive constituents of medicinally imperative plant Parkia biglandulosa in, the five solvent (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanolic and distilled water) root extracts of Parkia biglandulosa were predictable and characterized using GC-MS analysis. The explorations were accepted out in terms of five solvent extractions, intact extractive values, qualitative analysis, quantitative estimation and characterization of phytochemicals. The percentage value of yield extraction in petroleum ether extract was 34.74%, chloroform extract was 24.2%,ethyl acetate extract was 25%, methanol was 50% and distilled water was 54%. The preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids & phenolic compounds. The total metabolites content of five solvent extracts were compared with standards. The GC-MS analysis reveals the presence of various metabolites in three solvent(petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol) extracts. It signifies that results revealed the presence of various bioactive metabolites which could be demoralized for their credible solicitations for therapeutic resolves.
A MECHANISTIC INSIGHT OF NATURAL PRODUCTS FOR ECZEMA TREATMENT (PART I)
Authors: Malhotra Nancy
Published: July 2021

Eczema is termed as a chronic relapsing atopic dermatitis which is a chronic, inflammatory dermatosis mediated by immune system and is characterized by T- helper 2 immune response phenotype. Eczema is associated with disturbance in sleep and it also affects the quality of life. Emollient, antimicrobial agents, corticosteroid or immune-modulating agents are used for treatment of eczema. Pathogenesis of eczema involves complex interactions between susceptible genes, immunological factor, and defects in skin barriers, neuro-endocrine factors and factors related to environment like change in weather, food and aeroallergens. Because there is no cure till date for eczema, Chinese medicines which are part of dietary therapies are being adopted by the Asian patients. In the treatment of skin disorders and wounds a tremendous role has been played by Herbal extracts and isolated plant compounds. Recently a lot of new herbal drugs have been developed that were tested in controlled clinical or preclinical studies. St. John’s wort, licorice, tormentil, bitter substances, evening primrose and many more biomedicines, topical agents: coconut oil, colloidal oatmeal, sunflower oil, mustard oil, glycerin, and oral Chinese herbal therapy are used to treat AD. Probiotics, and vitamins are also used as oral agents in treatment of AD and all these bioagents have shown good results in treatment of atopic dermatitis. Wind, dampness and heat are the three main pathogenic factors of eczema. Various Chinese herb such as cortex moutan radix (danpi), radix paeoniae alba (bai shao), potentilla chinensis ser (weilingcai) and radix glycyrrhizae (gan cao) are common treatments for eczema allergy. It is being indicated in pharmacological studies that these herbs have anti-allergic, anti- inflammatory and sedative action for itchiness . These studied medicinal plants were found to be effective in eczema therapy, further mechanistic and clinical studies are required to establish this claim.
DISEASE INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY OF SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII ON ARACHIS HYPOGEA L
Authors: Praveen A. , Kannan C.
Published: July 2021

Groundnut or peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) is an important oilseed and edible crops of the world. It is affected by many diseases, among which stem rot disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is major fungal disease that cause severe yield losses up to 80%. An experiment wasconducted in Tamil Nadu during 2019-2020, to study the cultural, morphological and pathogenicity of different isolates of S. rolfsii infecting groundnut in major cultivating areas of Tamil Nadu. The overall disease severity ranges from 9.82 to 36.83 percent. The highest disease incidence 36.83 per cent was noticed in the Kalpadai village and the least incidence 9.82 per cent was recorded in Pattukotttai village. All the isolates varied their ability to produce abundant mycelium and sclerotial production. The pathogenicity test was conducted to all the twenty isolates and the isolate Sr6 exhibited the maximum disease incidence and proved to be more virulent.
ASSOCIATION OF PHYTOPLASMA AND BEGOMOVIRUS WITH SOME ORNAMENTAL PLANTS: A REVIEW
Authors: Ahmad Shoeb , A. Khan Akil
Published: July 2021

In recent years, the development of the floriculture sector has received rising attention, particularly for the benefit of small-scale agricultural enterprises producing domestic seedlings of perennial ornamental plants and for export to neighbouring countries. Plant diseases, including those associated with phytoplasma infections and plant viruses, are affected by this industry, as are other sectors of the agricultural economy.In a number of commercial cut flowers and ornamental plants, phytoplasma and plant virus infection causes diseases, causing major economic losses globally.Therefore, phytoplasma and plant virus diseases are the key constraints in the production of lucrative ornamental plants and lower their quantum and quality, gaining international importance due to unspecific symptoms, different losses and complex epidemiology around the world. These disease epidemics forced the removal of several varieties of floricultural plants such as gladiolus, lily, chrysanthemum and rose from cultivation. In various ornamental plants in botanical gardens and various floriculture farms, symptoms of general yellowing as well as plant stunting, shoot proliferation, phyllody, virescence, lower cost of flowers and reddening of leaves were observed. The prevalent mode of distribution of plant viruses is vector transmission, vegetative propagation or seed, although in some cases, viruses are transmitted by mechanical contact. Begomoviruses in economically important ornamental plants, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions, are among the most dangerous epidemic-causing pathogens, but phytoplasmas of ornamental plants have been widely distributed geographically. Information on phytoplasma and begomovirus infecting ornamental plants has been addressed in this study
THE EFFECT OF SEMBUNG LEAF EXTRACT (BLUMEA BALSAMIFERA) ON THE NUMBER AND DIAMETER OF RATS LEYDIG CELLS INDUCED BY HIGH-FAT DIET
Authors: Widhiantara Gede , Agung Ayu Putri Permatasari Anak , Angga Wiradana Putu
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the morphology of Leydig cells in hyperlipidemic wistar rats after having administered with sembung (Blumea balsamifera) extract orally. This study utilised a randomized post-test only control group design. The sample in this study were 16 adult male wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) aged 3-4 months with a body weight of 150-200 grams, which were equally and randomly divided into two groups, namely control group (hyperlipidaemia and sterile aquadest) and treatment group (hyperlipidaemia and sembung leaf extract). Hyperlipidaemia was induced with lard administration for 50 days. Data were analysed statistically using the Independent t-test. The results showed that the number of Leydig cells in the treatment group was higher than the control group with 68.13 ± 1.89 and 55.63 ± 1.92 cells respectively (P <0.05). In addition, the mean Leydig cell core diameter of the control group, 5.00 ± 0.34 µm, was smaller compared to the treatment group which was 5.80 ± 0.20 µm (P <0.05). It can be inferred that sembung leaf extract provides a protective effect against damage to Leydig cells due to hyperlipidaemia.
NATURAL PRODUCTS IN TREATMENT OF ENCEPHALITIS: A REVIEW
Authors: Kaur Takhar Danishpreet , Gupta Mukta
Published: July 2021

Brain on fire, an unusual phrase used for the deadliest autoimmune ailment, called anti-NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor encephalitis, characterizing extreme psychiatric and neurotic signs. Though being the deadliest one, still it can be treated with the help of various therapeutic approaches such as Corticosteroids, Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and plasmapheresis or plasma exchange. Although the prevalence of encephalitis can be observed in both the sexes, however the majority of ailment (95%) is seen in women with teratoma ovaries or different neoplasms. Recognition of nti-NMDA receptor encephalitis could be very essential to avoid any misconception regarding incorrect interpretation of various psychotic disorders. However, various treatment options are available still further investigation should be required to carried out to find out other clinically beneficial drugs.
PHENANTHRENE: A VERSATILE MOLECULE; A REVIEW
Authors: Anamua Kwofie Mensa , Gupta Mukta
Published: July 2021

Phenanthrene is a nucleus of the poly aromatic hydrocarbon family consisting of three fused benzene rings. They are of great importance in the field of medicine. They are mainly synthesized through Bardhan-Sengupta synthesis, Haworth synthesis and Pschorr synthesis of phenanthrene. Presently, many naturally existing drugs such as morphine, codeine halofantrine, among others bear the phenanthrene nucleus. Synthetic derivatives including dextromethorphan and other drugs also possess this nucleus. Phenanthrene derivates have many distinct therapeutic benefits including analgesic, antitussive, antimalarial, cytotoxic, and anticonstipation. This study was performed to highlight the various pharmacological uses of phenanthrene derivatives by reviewing experiments performed on its derivatives.
BIO-CONTROL ACTIVITY OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA ON SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII
Authors: Mary Swaroopa Z. , Jaya Madhuri R.
Published: July 2021

Crop productivity and crop improvement are colloidal components as the demand of the increasing population, worldwide for the provision of food from crops require dedicated agricultural strategies that tend to lean on natural, available and, beneficial, easily reproducible means of products. In general, the soil components rich in organic matter that can avail rich microbial community initiates agricultural productivity in abundance and in the way to deduce it. But, commercially available chemical pesticides, pollution in the environment, biotic and abiotic constituents are found to be the key components that stress the crop productivity. This can be overtaken by the microbes that can function as both “bio-fertilizer” and “antagonistic” agents, mentioned as Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR), as they present satisfactory, advantageous impact when ever required, due to their presence in the rhizospheric region, by providing nutrients uptake from soil and controlling the unnecessary hazardous bio-impact on plants .Present study relies on sustainable agricultural development that utilizes the bacteria from the rhizospheric region thereby recommending bio-formulation in the future to mobilize the unaware farmer for better productivity, free of devastating chemical components that enter the food chain via crop produced by using chemicals, and also by easy means without affecting the surrounding environment and human health. In this context, Sclerotium rolfsii, a deleterious pathogen that affects groundnut crops predominantly, how best can be prevented and can be suppressed by using beneficial PGPR is been studied.
CULTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL AND PATHOGENICITY CHARACTERS OF SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII CAUSING STEM ROT IN GROUNDNUT
Authors: Raja Kumar Sutha , Arulselvi A R. , Immanuel R Rex , Chrsitopher D. John , V. Jaiganesh , R Udhayakumar
Published: July 2021

The present studies were undertaken to investigate the cultural, morphological and pathogenicity characters of Sclerotium rolfsii. Maximum per cent disease incidence was recorded in Nadiyappattu followed by Sivapuri, Kammapuram, Killai, Kurinjipadi, Parangipettai, Chathiram and Puthuchathiram in the decreasing order of merit of Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu. The native isolates of S. rolfsii were isolated from the respective locations and designated as (SR1 to SR9). All the isolated showed variations with respect to colony character, mycelial growth, no of sclerotia, colour of sclerotia, shape and arrangement of sclerotia. Among the nine isolates of S. rolfsii collected from different groundnut growing areas of Cuddalore district, the isolate (SR5) collected from Nadiyappattu was found to be more virulent and recorded the maximum incidence followed by SR8 collected from Sivapuri. Maximum susceptibility was recorded when the plants are about 45 days showing disease incidence of upto 79.86 per cent.
EFFICACY OF BIOFUNGICIDES ON THE YIELD PARAMETERS AND PDI OF RICE, CHALLENGE INOCULATED WITH PYRICULARIA ORYZAE, THE INCITANT OF BLAST DISEASE
Authors: Henry L Darwin Christdhas , V Jaiganesh , Raja Kumar R. Sutha , Selvi M Thamarai
Published: July 2021

Among the eco-friendly products tested viz., leaf extracts of eucalyptus and henna @ (25% conc.), Sheep urine @ (10%), goat urine @ (20%) and Pseudomonas fluorescens @ (10g/kg of seed) alone and in combination, seeds treated with sheep urine was found to increase the germination percentage, vigour index and also enhance the yield parameters of rice. Among the different ecofriendly products, seeds treated with P. fluorescens retained the fungitoxicty for the longest duration of time against P. oryzae. Finally, under the pot culture studies, seed treatment with P. fluorescens and foliar spray with sheep urine on 30 and 50 DAT recorded the least leaf blast intensity in rice.
THE LEVEL OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION AND CROPPING PATTERN SHIFT IN THIRUVARUR DISTRICT OF TAMILNADU, INDIA
Authors: Shelton Peter Y. , Prabakar C.
Published: July 2021

Crop diversification provides the farmers a wider choice in cultivation so that profit would be maximised and the risks would be minimised. Understanding the merits of the concept of crop diversification a study was undertaken to analyse the level of crop diversification and cropping pattern shift and to rank the reasons for non – adoption of crop diversification in Thiruvarur district of Tamilnadu. Thiruvarur district was considered as universe of the study. The analyses relied on both preliminary and secondary data. Simple random sampling techniques were adopted for collection of primary data. The estimated Herfindhal and Simpson indices revealed that the crop diversification was much limited in Thiruvarur district. Further the Garrett ranking analysis revealed that “Lack of awareness on the relevance of crop diversification in risk management” was the prime reason for non - adoption of crop diversification in Thiruvarur district. Needed efforts should be initiated by the relevant institutional authorities to improve the awareness among the farmers of Thiruvarur district on crop diversification and its relevance in risk mitigation and the technical know – how on cultivation of new crops should also be provided to the farmers.
INVESTIGATION OF CORRELATION BETWEEN TRAITS AND PATH ANALYSIS OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) GENOTYPES
Authors: M Mallik , Manivannan N. , -E-Mujjassim Noor
Published: July 2021

This study was carried out to determine the correlation between agronomic traits and seed yield of sunflower hybrids and also to determine the direct and indirect effects of analysed traits on seed yield. Correlation studies revealed that days to 50 % flowering, plant height, head diameter, volume weight, seed yield per plant and oil content were important selection indices for both oil and seed yield improvement. Alternaria leaf spot severity had negative and significant correlation on seed yield per plant, oil content and oil yield per plant. This indicated the importance of resistance breeding for Alternaria leaf spot disease. The path analysis revealed that traits namely; days to 50 % flowering, head diameter, oil content, plant height and Alternaria leaf spot severity were important selection indices. Though the correlation analysis showed that 100-seed weight and volume weight were important, the path analysis indicated that these traits were less important
REMOVAL OF NUTRIENTS AS INFLUENCED BY VARIED RATES OF RECOMMENDED NUTRIENTS IN CONJUNCTION WITH BIOFERTILIZERS IN LOCAL LANDRACES OF PADDY IN COASTAL AREA OF KARNATAKA, INDIA
Authors: T.H Nataraja , Naika Raja , Kumar Singh Amit , K. S. Shashidhar
Published: July 2021

The uptake of nutrients by the paddy crop better indicative of the fertility, productivity, and plant nutrient status. The main objective of this investigation was that the rate of nutrient application can influence the removal of nutrients into formsavailable to the soil with different landraces in conjunction with the application of different microbial inoculants under different fertility levels. The yield of landraces was significantly influenced by the microbial inoculants under different fertility levels.Significantly higher uptake of N, P and K was observed in the landrace padmarekha compared to other landraces. The nutrient removal from the soil was in the range of 81.57 – 104.08 kg N, 19.55 -33.96 kg P and 88.15 – 111.81 kg/ha Kamong landraces. Similarly, the higher uptake was seen with the application of 100 per centRDF along with the azospirullum, Bacillus megatherium var. Phosphoticum Frateuria quaratia,Thiobacillus thiooxidans and Vesicular ArbescularMycorrizae.The nutrient removal was in the range of 47.11-122.0 kg N, 10.71-36.7 kg P2O5 and 34.22- 141.21 kg/ha K2O among fertility levels in different paddy landraces used in the study. The different microbial inoculants application with the recommended dose of fertilizers in different levels helped in the acquisition of the nutrients from the soil solution illustrating the effects of microbial applications through the increased supply of biologically fixed nitrogen, mobilizing the phosphorus towards plant roots, and potassium availability to the crop. Thus, our investigations acclaim that there is a need to inoculate the crop with different microbial inoculants to increase the use and uptake of the nutrients by the crop and improvement in soil nutrient status.
CURRENT UPDATES ON SISYMBRIUM IRIO LINN: A TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL PLANT
Authors: Tiwari Madhurima , Bhargava Prachi
Published: July 2021

Sisymbrium irio Linn belonging to family ‘Cruciferae’ is one of the well-known plant used in Unani Thearpy. Several studies done throughout the world on ‘Sisymbrium irio L’, also known as ‘London Rocket’ or ‘Khakshi’ has established that this annual herb is of tremendous medicinal benefits. This plant exhibits potential pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, anticancer, detoxify spleen and liver, also used as febrifuge, expectorant, diuretic and used in the treatment of rheumatoid, voice disorders, boils, pimples, cough, and has bronchoprotective and hepatoprotective role. Various phytochemicals have been isolated scientifically from the different parts of the plants such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpinoids, carbohydrates, phenolics compounds, fatty acids, steroids, amino acids and proteins which were found to be of ‘Chemotherapeutic Interest’. This review paper summarizes the botanical description, ethnomedical, phytochemical and therapeutical role of the plant and highlighted the need of future research on this plant as a source of novel drug.
ENHANCEMENT OF GROWTH, YIELD AND ACTIVE INGREDIENTS IN ROSELLE AND CLUSTER BEAN BY INTERCROPPING PATTERN AND LITHOVIT
Authors: M. A. Mohammed Esraa , Meawad A.A. , Abdelkader M.A.I.
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to determinate the optimal condition for growth, yield components and some chemical constituents of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba plants in intercropping patterns (sole crop of each component as control, 1:2, 1:3 and 2:3 roselle: cluster bean row ratios) under different rates of nano-material compound (Lithovit at 0, 2, 4 and 6 g/l). This study was conducted in Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Egypt during the two summer consecutive seasons of 2018 and 2019. Plots consisted in the intercropping patterns and the subplots were constituted by the lithovit rates. Intercropping patterns and lithovit rates affected the plant height, number of leaves per plant and total dry weight per plant of roselle and cluster bean and sepals yield per plant, total chlorophyll, and anthocyanin content of roselle plant as well as seed yield per plant, total chlorophyll, and galactomannan percentage of cluster bean. Sole crop of roselle and cluster bean recorded the highest values compared to intercropping patterns. The best intercropping pattern in this regard was the treatment of 1 row of roselle: 3 rows of cluster bean. In addition, the highest values of abovementioned parameters were achieved by 4 g/l of lithovit compared to the other rates under study. The interaction of intercropping pattern and lithovit-affected growth, yield components and chemical constituents of roselle and cluster bean and the best treatment in this regard was 1:3 pattern and 4 g/l of lithovit.
IN VITRO EFFICACY OF PGPR PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS AGAINST FUSARIUM WILT OF TOMATO CAUSED BY FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F.SP. LYCOPERSICI
Authors: Vignesh K. , Rajamohan K. , Balabaskar P. , Anandan R.
Published: July 2021

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important, commercial and widely grown vegetable crop in the world. Tomato plays a critical role in nutritional food requirements, income and employment opportunities for the people. However, its production is threatened by the Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici and production losses between 30%to40%. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to study the in vitro efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. The antagonistic effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens were observed by the Dual culture technique and Agarwell method under the in vitro conditions.Among the ten isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens, isolate Pf5 found to show the maximum percent inhibition over control (58.75%) and least mycelial growth (37.12mm) in dual culture technique against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. In Agar well method isolate Pf5 proved out the maximum inhibition zone (17.47mm)against Fusarium oxysporumf.sp. lycopersici and percent inhibition over control (80.97%) at 30% concentration level.
BIO-CONTROL EFFICIENCY OF PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS AGAINST STEM ROT OF TUBEROSE CAUSED BY SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII
Authors: Sankara Reddy N. H. , Sivakumar T. , Balabaskar P. , Kuralarasi K.
Published: July 2021

Tuberose is an important crop for cut flower and decorations which is a important raw material for the production of high grade perfumes. Last few year very severely affected several pest and diseases. Recent days it was affected by stem rot of tuberose is an important disease that affects the quality of flowers, being a soil borne plant pathogen. In India among the soil-borne fungal diseases of tuberose, stem rot caused by S. rolfsii is a potential threat to production and is of considerable economic significance for tuberose. This disease causes severe damage during any stage of crop growth, and yield losses. Chemical compounds have been used to control plant disease but it has adverse effect that creates health hazards for humans and other non-target organisms. The development of safer and environmentally feasible plant disease control alternative has become a top priority. In this context, biological control becomes an urgently needs for modern agriculture. Hence, an attempt was madebio efficacy of biocontrol against for the management of stem rot of tuberose bio-control agents are seems to better management alternative methods than chemical control. The results revealed that ten isolates P. fluorescens, Pf7 has recorded effective against S. rolfsii. These isolates are further subjected to morphological and biochemical characterization of plant growth promoting activity. All the native P. fluorescens isolates tested significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of S. rolfsii However, among the isolate Pf7 showed the maximum growth inhibition of S. rolfsii up to 75.94 per cent. This was followed by the isolates Pf9 and Pf5) in the decreasing order and the least growth inhibition of pathogen was exhibited by the isolates Pf6. The mycelial growth of S. rolfsii was found to be reduced with an increase in the conc. of culture filtrates of P. fluorescens, when compared to untreated control.
ANTAGONISTIC POTENTIAL OF SALT TOLERANT BACTERIA AND OPTIMIZATION OF THEIR CULTURE CONDITIONS FOR ENHANCEMENT OF THE ACTIVITY
Authors: Verma Pooja , Chandra Priyanka , Prajapat Kailash , Singh Awtar , Sundha Parul , Singh Saharan Baljeet
Published: July 2021

The antagonistic potential of bacteria is being applied to biocontrol the infectious diseases caused by pathogenic fungi in plants that are one of the major threats to the growth and productivity of crop plants. In the present study, bacterial strains were isolated from soil samples collected from the rhizosphere of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum). Microscopic analysis revealed that all three bacterial isolates were Gram-positive, rod-shaped and spore-forming. The isolates Bacillus subtilis BP171 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BP124 demonstrated salt tolerance up to 12% while Bacillus subtilis BP67 tolerated up to 10% of NaCl. All the three strains were screened against seven test pathogenic fungi like Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizoctonia solani, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium sp. for their antagonistic activity. BP124 was found to be the most potent in comparison to BP67 and BP171. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BP124 demonstrated significantly highest (p<.0001) inhibition percentage against Fusarium sp., (61%) and Fusarium oxysporum (60%). The optimization of various parameters like pH, temperature, inoculum size, agitation, carbon sources, and nitrogen sources was carried out to enhance the antagonistic potential of bacterial isolates. The results revealed that the bacterial isolates were able to demonstrate significantly highest (p<.0001) antagonistic potential when inoculum size required for the growth was 1ml, agitation rate at 150 rpm, while the medium of pH at 7.0 and 30o C incubation temperature. Starch as carbon source and peptone as nitrogen source supported significantly highest (p<.0001) antagonistic activity against all the fungal pathogens for all the bacterial isolates. Therefore, the study showed that appropriate and optimum fermentation conditions can be of great importance in enhancing the antagonistic potential of bacterial isolates.
EFFECT OF VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS OF ROOTING HORMONES ON MULTIPLICATION OF BUTTON WOOD TREE (CONOCARPUS ERECTUS L.)
Authors: Gowthami Laveti , Tanuja Priya B. , Yuvaraj K. M.
Published: July 2021

The present investigation entitled “Effect of IBA and NAA on vegetative propagation of button wood tree (Conocarpus erectus L.)” was carried out during 2019 - 2020 at Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, College of horticulture, Anantharajupeta, Y.S.R Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh. Semi hard wood stem cuttings of Conocarpus erectus were treated with 1000, 2000, 3000 ppm IBA and NAA solutions by quick dip method. Cuttings were then subjected to rooting in a media consisting of sandy soil, farm yard manure, single super phosphate in a ratio of 2:1:1 mixture in black polythene bags. Among all the treatments, number of sprouted cuttings, length of sprout per cutting, diameter of sprout per cutting, number of leaves per cutting, percentage of rooted cutting, number of primary roots per cutting, number of secondary roots per cutting, length of roots per cutting, number of plants transplanted and number of plants established were higher in IBA 3000 ppm.
ESTIMATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT (TPC) OF SELECTED ALLIUM SPECIES OF GUJARAT USING DIFFERENT EXTRACTS
Authors: Maitreya Bharat , Jayswal Swati
Published: July 2021

Plants are known as a vital source for so many drugs having different groups like anticancer, antimicrobials, antioxidant etc. Therefore, there are so many plants, which are used widely by the tribal people across the world. As we know that nature can cure everything by one or another way. According to Ayurveda, plants have been known to cure various diseases like cancer, heart diseases, asthma etc. Now-a-days researchers are focusing on estimation and characterization of various plants and their constituents which are responsible for curing so many diseases according to traditional use of plants given in the Ayurveda. As we know plants are capable to produce secondary metabolites and the most important group is phenolic group. Phenolic compounds work as defense mechanism of plants against herbivores and pathogens. The present study represents the estimation of total Phenolic content of medicinally useful plants Allium cepa L. (Onion) and Allium sativum L. (Garlic) in its different extracts of bulb from selected districts of Gujarat. Chloroform was selected as non-polar solvent, acetone as polar protic and methanol and distilled water as polar protic solvent. The estimation of total phenolic content was conducted by using standard protocol. The data generated from this experiment provides basis for the advances in the pharmaceutical industries
GISCIENCE FOR FOREST FIRE MODELING: NEW ADVANCES IN WILDLAND FIRES WITH MANAGEMENT
Authors: Singh Tomar Jagpal , Kanga Shruti , Kumar Singh Suraj
Published: July 2021

Wildfire is one of the complex and damaging natural phenomena in the world. Wildfires pose an enormous challenge to predict and monitor complicated integration chemistry with the physical aspects of solid-gas stage combustion and heat transmission spatially diverse vegetations, topography, and detailed time and space conditions at various spatial and time scales. The research community has greatly enhanced its efforts in the last 25 years to better understand wildfires by improving observation, measurement, analysis and modelling. The fast development of spatial data analysis and computer technology has been facilitated. This combination allowed new decision promotion systems, information collection, analysis methods, growth, and existing fire management instruments. In several countries, despite this activity, forest fires remain a serious problem. Factors that raise the world risk of wildfires are climate change, urban-rural migration and the creation of the interface between urban and wildlands. These events demonstrate the tremendous destructive force of wildfires of great magnitude, sometimes well beyond our concrete containment and control capability. In addition to firefighters, foresters and other organised systems, the scientific community is key to addressing the problems of fire recognition in the countryside. Advances in our understanding of fire-fighting mechanisms and the relationship between fire activity and the natural and constructed environment can lead to successful fire risk decision support systems, the predictions for fire propagation and the reduction of fire risk. The convergence of forest ecosystems and forest fires has become the growing threat posed by human influences and other factors to ecosystems, resources and even human lives. Climate change will change forest fire regimes to enhance forest fire understanding and to build strategies for mitigation and adaptation. The study highlights broad aspects of forest fire in combination with
EFFECT OF THE FOLIAR SPRAYING OF FULVIC ACID, FOLIC ACID, AND SEAWEED EXTRACT ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF GRAPE CV. FLAME SEEDLESS
Authors: M. M. Harhash , Megeed N.A Abd EL- , A. S. Abaidalah , W. F. A Mosa
Published: July 2021

This study was performed during 2019 and 2020 seasons on seven years old “Flame seedless” grape trees (Vitis vinefera L.). The trees were cultivated at 3 meters apart between rows and 2 meters between trees in the same row in a calcareous soil under drip irrigation system in a private orchard located at Nubaria, Beheira governorate, Egypt. The trees were sprayed three times, before flowering, during the full bloom and three weeks later with the following treatments: Control spray with water only, Fulvic acid at 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm, Folic acid (vitamin B9) at 100, 150 and 200 ppm, Seaweed extract at 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm. Besides, the combinations of 1000 ppm Fulvic acid +100 ppm Folic acid+ 2000 ppm Seaweed extract, 1500 ppm Fulvic acid + 150 ppm Folic acid + 3000 ppm Seaweed extract and 2000 ppm Fulvic acid + 200 ppm Folic acid + 4000 ppm Seaweed extract were also applied. The obtained results demonstrated that the foliar spray of Folic acid, Fulvic acid and Seaweed extract and their combinations improved weight, length, width, size and number of clusters. Furthermore, they also increased extremely weight of 100 berries and consequently the yield per vine in kg and the yield in ton per hectare, weight of juice, the percentages of total sugars, and total soluble solids as compared to control in the two seasons. The effect of Fulvic acid on the previous mentioned parameters was higher than the effect of Seaweed extractor Folic acid and its effect was better by the increasing the applied concentration where the best one was 2000 ppm, which gave the best results more than the other applied treatments in the two seasons. The best combination was Fulvic acid 2000 ppm + Folic acid at 200 ppm + Seaweed extract 4000 ppm.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND GC-MS STUDIES OF CUCUMIS MELO L SUBSP. AGRESTIS (NAUDIN) PANGALO FRUITS
Authors: Singh Sumitra , Devi Bhagwati , Devi Bhagwati , Devi Bhagwati
Published: July 2021

The objective of present study was to perform preliminary phytochemical screening, quantitative estimation of phytoconstituents, and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy studies of Cucumis melo L subsp. Agrestis (Naudin) Pangalo fruit. The petroleum ether, chloroform, alcohol and aqueous extracts of the dried fruits of Cucumis melo L subsp. Agrestis (Naudin) Pangalo were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, preliminary phytochemical screening of fruit extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, sterols, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, proteins and amino acids Quantitative estimation of alkaloids, carbohydrate, fat contents, saponin, total phenolics content and total flavonoids content in the fruit was done. Further, the hydroalcoholic extract was subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) for identification of chemical constituents. GC-MS analysis of hydroalcoholic extract of Cucumis melo L subsp. Agrestis (Naudin) Pangalo fruits revealed the presence of 39 compounds. The results of this study indicates that extracts of Cucumis melo L subsp. Agrestis (Naudin) Pangalo fruits contains various phytoconstituents responsible for its medicinal properties
OPTIMAL ALLOCATION OF BANK CREDITS TO APPLICANTS IN AGRICULTURAL SECTORS
Authors: Nahvi Abouzar , Ghorbani Mohammad Ghorbani , Sabouhi Mahmoud , Dourandish Arash , Dourandish Arash , Dourandish Arash , Dourandish Arash
Published: July 2021

Credit portfolio management is one of the fundamental aspects of banking that can lead to the loss of bank revenue if not properly managed. The expected return and risk in the choice of portfolio cannot be accurately predicted. Considering this impossibility and given the limitations faced by the banking system, this article uses the concept of interval numbers in the Fuzzy Set Theory to extend the Markowitz mean variance model to a non-linear interval multi-objective model. Three strategies were presented in this model, including optimistic, pessimistic, and mixed strategies, and the Genetic algorithm was used to solve the model. This model was ultimately examined at Keshavarzi Bank to determine the optimal credit portfolioCredit portfolio management is one of the fundamental aspects of banking that can lead to the loss of bank revenue if not properly managed. The expected return and risk in the choice of portfolio cannot be accurately predicted. Considering this impossibility and given the limitations faced by the banking system, this article uses the concept of interval numbers in the Fuzzy Set Theory to extend the Markowitz mean variance model to a non-linear interval multi-objective model. Three strategies were presented in this model, including optimistic, pessimistic, and mixed strategies, and the Genetic algorithm was used to solve the model. This model was ultimately examined at Keshavarzi Bank to determine the optimal credit portfolio. The results showed that this bank’s risk, thus leading to the proper management of loans.
ASSESSING THE VALUE OF GROUNDWATER REVENUES AND DETERMINATION OF OPTIMUM RATES IN MAKASSAR CITY
Authors: Akbar M. Amri , Riniwati Harsuko , Riniwati Harsuko , Tamsil Andi
Published: July 2021

Ground water is defined as water that is in the ground and is water that moves and is present in the spaces between the grains of soil that make it up and rock crevices, where the initial part is called layer water and the latter is called fissure water. Water is one of the natural elements that are needed in the life activities of living things, especially humans. The purpose of this study is to assessing the value of groundwater revenues and determine of optimum rates in Makassar City. Data analysis method used is the analysis of groundwater value by referring to the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No.20 of 2017 concerning Guidelines for Establishing Groundwater Revenue Value and the marginal cost pricing method. The results showed that the average revenue of groundwater in Makassar City was IDR.690,276,939.35 with an average tax of IDR.138,055,387.87. The value of groundwater is quite high when compared to the revenue value of groundwater that has been determined by the Makassar City government at this time. The results of determining the optimum rates obtained for the user group 1 is IDR.9,661.96 per m3 per month, the user group 2 is IDR.13,973.63 per m3 per month, the user group 3 is IDR.10,866.67 per m3 per month, and the user group 4 is IDR.4,255.56 per m3 per month. Whereas the beneficiary group 5 has a higher average groundwater utilization cost when compared to the PDAM water rates. The results of research can become policy basis of the Makassar City local government in determining the value of groundwater.
FORMULATE AND EVALUATE GEL CONTAINING NANOSTRUCTURED LIPIDS OF PONGAMIA PINNATA
Authors: Richu Edakulathur , Sneha Wani , S. Mundhe Bhagyashree , Arun Rayate Saurabh , Sahebrao Aishwarya , Swati Talale , Anil Jadhav
Published: July 2021

The objective of present study was to design development and evaluatenanostructure lipid carriers based gel of Pongamia pinnata extract for topical application. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) established topical gel of Pongamia pinnata extract was formulated for treatment of wound healing activity, NLC were fabricated by melt dispersion ultra-sonication method. NLC containing mixtures of Glyceryl monostearate as solid lipid and Karanj Oil as liquid- lipid and the Tween 80 as surfactant. The particle size of NLC was found between 99.98 and 155.65 nm with PDI varied from 0.256 to 0.349 and zeta potential found between -21.65 to -26.68. The NLC dispersions were gelled by utilizing gelling agent carbopol which have compatibility with nano-particulate dispersion.. From stability study it revealed that formulation is stable and used for topical application
MOISTURE CONSERVATION PRACTICE BY USING HYDROGEL IN AGRICULTURE: A REVIEW
Authors: Prakash V. , Kavitha J. R. , Maheshwari P.
Published: July 2021

Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy. In the agriculture, water is the major resources for crop cultivation in the field, in case of agricultural sector water is the major problem because of onset monsoon. So that less rainfall is occur in the cropped area. Natural rainfall is the source of elixir for crops on the major chunk of arable land. Of the 1.5 billion ha (11% of the world’s land surface of 13.4 billion ha) of cropland worldwide, 1.2 billion ha (82%) is rain fed (FAO, 2005). To minimize the water scarcity problem in the cropped field due to various methods, like moisture conservation practices such as composted coir pith, straw mulch, antitranspirant, hydrogel etc. Hydrogel is the one of the method to maintain the moisture in the cropped field and supply the adequate water for crop growth. The hydrogel maintain the moisture in the field from sowing to harvest of the crops.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND GENOMIC VARIABLITY OF SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII SACC. CAUSING STEM ROT OF TUBEROSE
Authors: Sankar Reddy N.H. , Sivakumar T. , Balabaskar P. , Kuralarasi K.
Published: July 2021

Tuberose is one of the most important ornamental bulbous flower crop cultivated for cut and loose flower trade. The flower has been used for ornaments, bouquets and buttonholes or crown and frequently used during marriages and religious ceremonies. The tuberose was often infected by various numbers of diseases; among that S. rolfsii is the one of the major disease which causes stem rot disease. The S. rolfsii were collected from various locations of Tamil Nadu were examined for morphological and genomic variability. Fifteen isolates of S. rolfsii was assessed and various morphological growth parameters (Mycelia growth, No. of sclerotia/ plate, colour of sclerotia, time taken for sclerotial production (days) and variations among S. rolfsii isolates was recorded. ITS region of rDNA amplification with specific ITS1 and ITS4 universal primers produced approximately 600 to 700 bp in all the isolates confirmed that all the isolates obtained are S. rolfsii. The sequences of isolates viz., Sr1 and Sr2 were identified as S. rolfsii through BLAST search in NCBI website (www.blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast). The sequences were deposited in the Gene Bank with the accession numbers MK880692, MK880693.
INFLUENCE OF HERBAL EDIBLE COATINGS ON PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENT OF GUAVA DURING STORAGE
Authors: Sood Monika , D. Bandral Julie , Gupta Neeraj
Published: July 2021

Guava is a climacteric fruit ripens rapidly after harvest and therefore has short shelf life. The fruits are required to be managed appropriately to get a regulated market supply through judicious use of post-harvest treatments. Therefore, the main aim of the study was to assess the suitability of different edible coating treatments like Aloe vera gel and papaya leaf extract at varying concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20%) on the phytochemical content of guava fruits (cultivar ‘Lucknow-49’). After treatment, fruits were kept under ambient conditions and analyzed for various phytochemical parameters while the uncoated fruits served as control. Among all the treatments, minimum mean ascorbic acid content (198.99 mg/100g), total flavonoids (68.96), total antioxidants (235.44 ?mol. trolex eq./100g) and total phenols (446.58 mg GAE/100g) were recorded in control guava fruits whereas, maximum mean ascorbic acid content of 237.01 mg/100g, total flavonoids of 81.43 mg/100g and total phenol content of 481.36 mg GAE/100g were observed in 20% Aloe vera gel coated guava fruits. Thus it can be concluded from the study that guava fruits can be safely stored up to 21 days at ambient storage without much deterioration in quality after treating with Aloe vera gel
PARENTAL SELECTIONS IN SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR L.) ON THE BASIS OF HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY IN ASSOCIATION WITH SSR DIVERSITY IN SUB-TROPICAL PLAINS OF UTTARAKHAND, INDIA
Authors: Chauhan Priyamvada , Kumar Pandey Pradeep
Published: July 2021

Selection of genetically diverse and complementary parents for important key traits is most difficult task in any hybrid breeding programme. The objective of this study was to estimate heterosis and relative combining abilities with associated SSR diversity for identification of unique sorghum genotypes. A total of forty crosses and thirteen parental lines including five cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines and eight pollinator lines with two standard check varieties were phenotyped using six agro-morphological traits and genetic diversity was estimated by using five polymorphic SSR markers. Sorghum genotypes were crossed with CMS lines using a line × tester mating design and 40 hybrids, 13 parents and two check varieties were field-evaluated using alpha lattice design with three replications. General combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and heterosis for grain yield and other associated attributes were determined. SSR diversity estimates were ranged from 0.54 to 0.90. Among CMS lines, 11A2 and MR750A2 and among pollinators, UPC2 and M35-1 were reported as best general combiners. A2 cytoplasm was found to be more efficient to produce more heterotic combination with experimental lines. Cross, 11A2 x UPC2 gave best results of heterosis for most of the characters. MR750 A2 x UPC2, 11A2 x UPC2, ICSA467 x UPC2, ICSA467 x CS3541, ICSA 467 x RS29, ICSA 467 x M35-1 and 11A2 x M35-1 revealed significant and positive values of heterosis, SCA and GCA. However, no direct correlation was detected with heterosis and molecular diversity for most of the characters. These results may be used for the exploitation of hybrid vigor in sorghum breeding programmes