bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-moduli NTTs for Saber on Cortex-M3 and Cortex-M4
Authors: Abdulrahman Amin , Chen Jiun-Peng , Chen Yu-Jia , Hwang Vincent , Kannwischer Matthias J. , Yang Bo-Yin
Published: November 2021

The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has designated ARM microcontrollers as an important benchmarking platform for its Post-Quantum Cryptography standardization process (NISTPQC). In view of this, we explore the design space of the NISTPQC finalist Saber on the Cortex-M4 and its close relation, the Cortex-M3. In the process, we investigate various optimization strategies and memory-time tradeoffs for number-theoretic transforms (NTTs).Recent work by [Chung et al., TCHES 2021 (2)] has shown that NTT multiplication is superior compared to Toom–Cook multiplication for unprotected Saber implementations on the Cortex-M4 in terms of speed. However, it remains unclear if NTT multiplication can outperform Toom–Cook in masked implementations of Saber. Additionally, it is an open question if Saber with NTTs can outperform Toom–Cook in terms of stack usage. We answer both questions in the affirmative. Additionally, we present a Cortex-M3 implementation of Saber using NTTs outperforming an existing Toom–Cook implementation. Our stack-optimized unprotected M4 implementation uses around the same amount of stack as the most stack-optimized Toom–Cook implementation while being 33%-41% faster. Our speed-optimized masked M4 implementation is 16% faster than the fastest masked implementation using Toom–Cook. For the Cortex-M3, we outperform existing implementations by 29%-35% in speed. We conclude that for both stack- and speed-optimization purposes, one should base polynomial multiplications in Saber on the NTT rather than Toom–Cook for the Cortex-M4 and Cortex-M3. In particular, in many cases, multi-moduli NTTs perform best.
Neon NTT: Faster Dilithium, Kyber, and Saber on Cortex-A72 and Apple M1
Authors: Becker Hanno , Hwang Vincent , Kannwischer Matthias J. , Yang Bo-Yin , Yang Shang-Yi
Published: November 2021

We present new speed records on the Armv8-A architecture for the latticebased schemes Dilithium, Kyber, and Saber. The core novelty in this paper is the combination of Montgomery multiplication and Barrett reduction resulting in “Barrett multiplication” which allows particularly efficient modular one-known-factor multiplication using the Armv8-A Neon vector instructions. These novel techniques combined with fast two-unknown-factor Montgomery multiplication, Barrett reduction sequences, and interleaved multi-stage butterflies result in significantly faster code. We also introduce “asymmetric multiplication” which is an improved technique for caching the results of the incomplete NTT, used e.g. for matrix-to-vector polynomial multiplication. Our implementations target the Arm Cortex-A72 CPU, on which our speed is 1.7× that of the state-of-the-art matrix-to-vector polynomial multiplication in kyber768 [Nguyen–Gaj 2021]. For Saber, NTTs are far superior to Toom–Cook multiplication on the Armv8-A architecture, outrunning the matrix-to-vector polynomial multiplication by 2.0×. On the Apple M1, our matrix-vector products run 2.1× and 1.9× faster for Kyber and Saber respectively.
A Finer-Grain Analysis of the Leakage (Non) Resilience of OCB
Authors: Berti Francesco , Bhasin Shivam , Breier Jakub , Hou Xiaolu , Poussier Romain , Standaert François-Xavier , Udvarhelyi Balasz
Published: November 2021

OCB3 is one of the winners of the CAESAR competition and is among the most popular authenticated encryption schemes. In this paper, we put forward a fine-grain study of its security against side-channel attacks. We start from trivial key recoveries in settings where the mode can be attacked with standard Differential Power Analysis (DPA) against some block cipher calls in its execution (namely, initialization, processing of associated data or last incomplete block and decryption). These attacks imply that at least these parts must be strongly protected thanks to countermeasures like masking. We next show that if these block cipher calls of the mode are protected, practical attacks on the remaining block cipher calls remain possible. A first option is to mount a DPA with unknown inputs. A more efficient option is to mount a DPA that exploits horizontal relations between consecutive input whitening values. It allows trading a significantly reduced data complexity for a higher key guessing complexity and turns out to be the best attack vector in practical experiments performed against an implementation of OCB3 in an ARM Cortex-M0. Eventually, we consider an implementation where all the block cipher calls are protected. We first show that exploiting the leakage of the whitening values requires mounting a Simple Power Analysis (SPA) against linear operations. We then show that despite being more challenging than when applied to non-linear operations, such an SPA remains feasible against 8-bit implementations, leaving its generalization to larger implementations as an interesting open problem. We last describe how recovering the whitening values can lead to strong attacks against the confidentiality and integrity of OCB3. Thanks to this comprehensive analysis, we draw concrete requirements for side-channel resistant implementations of OCB3.
Polynomial multiplication on embedded vector architectures
Authors: Becker Hanno , Bermudo Mera Jose Maria , Karmakar Angshuman , Yiu Joseph , Verbauwhede Ingrid
Published: November 2021

High-degree, low-precision polynomial arithmetic is a fundamental computational primitive underlying structured lattice based cryptography. Its algorithmic properties and suitability for implementation on different compute platforms is an active area of research, and this article contributes to this line of work: Firstly, we present memory-efficiency and performance improvements for the Toom-Cook/Karatsuba polynomial multiplication strategy. Secondly, we provide implementations of those improvements on Arm® Cortex®-M4 CPU, as well as the newer Cortex-M55 processor, the first M-profile core implementing the M-profile Vector Extension (MVE), also known as Arm® Helium™ technology. We also implement the Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) on the Cortex-M55 processor. We show that despite being singleissue, in-order and offering only 8 vector registers compared to 32 on A-profile SIMD architectures like Arm® Neon™ technology and the Scalable Vector Extension (SVE), by careful register management and instruction scheduling, we can obtain a 3× to 5× performance improvement over already highly optimized implementations on Cortex-M4, while maintaining a low area and energy profile necessary for use in embedded market. Finally, as a real-world application we integrate our multiplication techniques to post-quantum key-encapsulation mechanism Saber
Will You Cross the Threshold for Me?
Authors: Ravi Prasanna , Ezerman Martianus Frederic , Bhasin Shivam , Chattopadhyay Anupam , Sinha Roy Sujoy
Published: November 2021

In this work, we propose generic and novel side-channel assisted chosenciphertext attacks on NTRU-based key encapsulation mechanisms (KEMs). These KEMs are IND-CCA secure, that is, they are secure in the chosen-ciphertext model. Our attacks involve the construction of malformed ciphertexts. When decapsulated by the target device, these ciphertexts ensure that a targeted intermediate variable becomes very closely related to the secret key. An attacker, who can obtain information about the secret-dependent variable through side-channels, can subsequently recover the full secret key. We propose several novel CCAs which can be carried through by using side-channel leakage from the decapsulation procedure. The attacks instantiate three different types of oracles, namely a plaintext-checking oracle, a decryptionfailure oracle, and a full-decryption oracle, and are applicable to two NTRU-based schemes, which are NTRU and NTRU Prime. The two schemes are candidates in the ongoing NIST standardization process for post-quantum cryptography. We perform experimental validation of the attacks on optimized and unprotected implementations of NTRU-based schemes, taken from the open-source pqm4 library, using the EM-based side-channel on the 32-bit ARM Cortex-M4 microcontroller. All of our proposed attacks are capable of recovering the full secret key in only a few thousand chosen ciphertext queries on all parameter sets of NTRU and NTRU Prime. Our attacks, therefore, stress on the need for concrete side-channel protection strategies for NTRUbased KEMs.
Contemporary Translation Studies: Introduction
Authors:   Centre for Translation Studies, Yangtze University, China, Chuanmao Tian
Published: November 2021

This edited volume has tried to explore contemporary developments and trends in the translation studies. This book will be useful to the subject readers, interpreters, and those interested in the developmental studies in the translation discipline.
Comparison of Interpreting Teachers’ Use and Perceptions of Distance Interpreter Training (DIT) Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Interview-Based Study
Authors:   Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, China, Xu Mianjun , Zhao Tianyuan ,   Beijing Foreign Studies University, China, Deng Juntao ,   Wuhan Institute of Technology, China
Published: November 2021

The study indicates that before the COVID-19 pandemic, despite its importance, distance interpreter training (DIT) was not positively perceived or widely used in higher education institutions that offer Bachelor of Translation and Interpreting (BTI) and/or Master of Translation and Interpreting (MTI) programs in China. However, the pandemic has changed almost everything in the world, with no exception of DIT, prompting the authors to have a follow-up study in August 2020 of the same 14 full-time interpreting teachers from different BTI and MTI institutions in different parts of China who had been interviewed right before the pandemic. This interview-based comparative study shows that all the interviewees used DIT during the pandemic shutdown and their perceptions of DIT have altered greatly, becoming more objective than subjective and more positive than negative. The pandemic has, to some extent, boosted the further development and acceptance of both the online and blended approaches to interpreter training.
Why Do Cash Cow Movies Work?
Authors:   Iqra University, Hafeez Erum
Published: November 2021

This research study aims to investigate all possible reasons that lead to the success of Cash Cow movies in Hollywood. We examine diverse elements used to produce these movies to identify the key factors that ensure the consistent success of cash cow movies since the beginning. It is evident from the box-office records that these movies have tested the tides of time yet have always been in public demand for decades. This study also examines why movie critics have hardly applauded these commercially hit movies as the jury never nominates them for any significant accolades, including Academy or Oscar Awards. Further, this research analyzes the duration of the success of cash cow movies. As the Top Lifetime Grosses (2020) indicate, cash cow movies have almost always been stood out as the 'highest-grossing movies of the year for the past two decades, and they barely suffer box office fatigue for long. While examining these diverse aspects, we also try to determine the dynamic effects these movies have created on the global cinema industry regarding the nature and quality of content being created and the revenue generated.
Primena Lagranžove optimizacije na problematiku proizvodnje energije iz obnovljivih izvora
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Ristić Vladan , Rajaković Nikola
Published: November 2021

The apparent increase of ecological awareness during the previous decade has led to the need for adaptation of numerous areas of everyday human lives, so they fit the newly developed environmental tendencies. One of the areas in which this necessity was prominent was the power engineering, where, above all, the understanding of production systems was affected, with the turnabout regarding the distancing from the conventional sources and inclining towards the more acceptable renewable sources taking place. However, alongside the undeniable ecological sustainability of these sources, the financial sustainability of their utilization needs to be considered as well, which is why the subject of this paper is the minimization of costs of energy production in these capacities, if the fictious demand area needed to be supplied. It was assumed that this area is separated from transmission and distribution network, with the sole source of energy for the analyzed consumption being the wind, solar and hydro power plants, located in the close vicinity of the examined area. As the objective of the optimization, performed by the method of Lagrange multipliers, the appropriate apportioning of the generation powers in these plants for every hour during the year was selected, so the total yearly costs of supplying the demand were as low as possible. Also, considering the currently promoted methods intended for encouragement of the potential investors to proceed with the projects that encompass renewable sources, the different cases for which the share of renewables included in the feed-in tariff was varied. Finally, in order to provide the full insight into the optimization procedure, for the randomly selected hour of the year and share of feed-in tariff in the generation capacities, the process of calculation of production powers in the described plants and multipliers needed for application of the selected optimization technique was enclosed.
THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT NANOFILLERS ON THERMAL PROPERTIES OF ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY POLYURETHANE HYBRID MATERIALS
Authors:   Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, The University of Novi Sad, Lubura Jelena , Bera Oskar , Jovičić Mirjana , Ikonić Bojana , Kojić Predrag , Govedarica Dragan , Pavličević Jelena
Published: November 2021

In the past decade, the extensive research is focused to the structuring of novel thermoplastic segmented polycarbonate-based polyurethanes (PC-PUs) with a high range of potential application, due to their good biostability, biocompatibility, mechanical and thermal resistance, melt-processability and rubber like characteristics at the service temperature. In this work, a series of advanced polyurethane hybrid systems were prepared following one-step procedure and by varying the content (0, 1, 2, 5 or 10 wt%) of alumina, titania and zinc-oxide nanoparticles. The influence of filler type (Al2O3, TiO2 or ZnO) and its content on thermal properties of obtained nanocomposites (glass transition temperature and melting of hard domains) were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The obtained DSC results revealed that that the obtained elastomeric materials are very promising for their potential use in the condition of high service temperatures.
EFFECT OF CROSSLINKER AMOUNT ON HYBRID HYDROGELS SWELLING AND DRUG RELEASE
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Innovation Center of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Markovic Maja , Panic Vesna , Tadic Julijana , Pjanovic Rada
Published: November 2021

Targeted drug delivery is powerful tool which researchers use to achieve safer and more efficient therapy of many diseases, including various types of cancer. Many chemotherapeutics are poorly water- soluble, so their encapsulation and targeted delivery remain quite challenge. Hydrogels based on poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) are widely investigated for targeted drug delivery due to their pH sensitivity, non-toxicity and biocompatibility. Still, due to the PMAA highly hydrophilic nature, PMAA can only be used for encapsulation and targeted delivery of water-soluble drugs. Our previous research was directed towards overcoming this limitation: PMAA was modified with amphiphilic protein – casein and poorly-water soluble model drug – caffeine – was encapsulated (PMAC). Present study is focused on investigation how variation of amount of one of the most important hydrogels network parameter such as crosslinker affect PMAC swelling properties and caffeine release. The group of hybrid hydrogels – PMAC – was synthesized with various amount of crosslinker: 0.4mol%, 0.8mol%, 1.6mol% and 3.2mol% with respect to methacrylic acid. Swelling behavior of hybrid hydrogels and caffeine release was investigated in two environments which simulated human stomach and intestines. Obtained results showed that targeted delivery of poorly water-soluble model drug was achieved and that its release can be prolonged up to 24h. Also, kinetic of poorly water-soluble drug release can be easily modified only by changing crosslinker amount. PMAC hybrid hydrogels have huge potential for targeted delivery of poorly water-soluble active substances.
OVERVIEW OF PHANTOMS IN DOSIMETRY AND RADIATION PROTECTION
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Živković Milena , Nikezic Dragoslav , Miladinović Tatjana , Krstić Dragana
Published: November 2021

In this paper, the characteristics of phantoms from their origin to the latest species are considered. With the development of technique and technology, the characteristics of phantoms have also been improved, whose importance in monitoring human health is extremely important. The first species were adapted to certain nations and precisely constructed so that sizes such as the height and mass of the phantoms were appropriate and represented the real inhabitants of those areas, that is, the inhabitants of America and Japan. Later, female, children’s phantoms were formed, as well as phantoms of pregnant women in different stages of pregnancy. The latest generations of phantoms, voxel, and mesh phantoms, represent realistic presentations of the human body and are applied in dosimetry and radiation protection in different areas, as well as in different irradiation conditions. The International Commission on Radiation Protection – ICRP continuously studies data on radiation doses and effects and issues appropriate protection recommendations and promotes phantoms that represent the human body and organs of great importance for the occurrence of cancer.
Implementation of the Youth Guarantee Programme in Romania
Authors:   Institutul de Cercetare a Calităţii Vieţii al Academiei Române, Petrescu Claudia , Neguț Adriana ,   Institutul de Cercetare a Calităţii Vieţii al Academiei Române, Mihalache Flavius ,   Institutul de Cercetare a Calităţii Vieţii al Academiei Române
Published: November 2021

In 2014, European countries began implementing the Youth Guarantee Programme (YGP), one of the European Commission’s most important initiatives designed to combat the issue of youth unemployment. This led to a decrease in the number of young NEETs over the subsequent 6 years. Based on data concerning the extent and size of the NEETs phenomenon at the European level, the number of NEETs who benefit from various measures, and data regarding programmes for NEETs financed by ESF, this paper presents an overview of the YGP implementation in Romania during the 2014−2020 period. It does so by identifying the main challenges and barriers that prevented the achievement of the proposed results. In that regard, the main barriers in the implementation of YGP in Romania are related to the lack of coordination of measures between institutions; a lack of flexibility in registering young NEETs; low levels of partnership with local authorities, companies, and NGOs; delays in funding measures; and a lack of centralised monitoring data in order to provide a picture of progress and thus necessary improvement measures. Keywords: NEETs; rural; youth; employment; education; Youth Guarantee. ······ În 2014, statele europene au început să implementeze programul Garanția pentru Tineret, una dintre cele mai importante inițiative ale Comisiei Europene în domeniul șomajului în rândul tinerilor, ceea ce a dus la scăderea numărului tinerilor NEETs în următorii șase ani. Pornind de la date privind amploarea fenomenului NEETS la nivel european, numărul tinerilor NEETs care beneficiază de diferite măsuri și programele pentru NEETs finanțate prin Fondul Social European, lucrarea prezintă o privire de ansamblu asupra implementării Garanției pentru Tineret în România în perioada 2014−2020 și identifică principalele bariere și provocări care au împiedicat atingerea rezultatelor propuse. Dintrea cestea, menționăm lipsa de coordonare inter-instituțională, lipsa flexibilității în ceea ce privește înregistrarea tinerilor NEETs, nivelul redus al parteneriatelor între autorități publice, companii, ONG-uri, întârzieri în primirea finanțărilor, lipsa monitorizării centralizate în vederea determinării progresului și a măsurilor de îmbunătățire necesare. Cuvinte-cheie: NEETs; rural; tineri; ocupare; educație; Garanția pentru Tineret.
Adverse reactions and safety profile of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines among Asian military personnel
Authors:   Singapore Armed Forces, Singapore, Tan Joshua TC , Tan Clive ,   Singapore Armed Forces, Singapore, Teoh Jeremy ,   Singapore Armed Forces, Singapore, Wahab MT ,   Singapore Armed Forces, Singapore, Tan Guan Zhong ,   Singapore Armed Forces, Singapore, Chin Reon Yew Zhou ,   Singapore Armed Forces, Singapore, Lee Anne ,   Singapore Armed Forces, Singapore, Mutalib Adeliza ,   Singapore Armed Forces, Singapore, Lim Poh Lian ,   Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The use of novel mRNA platforms for COVID-19 vaccines raised concern about vaccine safety, especially in Asian populations that made up less than 10% of study populations in the pivotal vaccine trials used for emergency use authorisation. Vaccine safety issues also remain a concern in assessing the clinical risks and benefits of vaccine boosters, particularly in specific age groups or segments of the population. This study describes a vaccination exercise involving Asian military personnel, and the adverse reactions and safety events observed. Methods: Minor adverse reactions, hospitalisations and adverse events of special interest were monitored as part of the organisation’s protocol for safety monitoring of COVID-19 vaccinations. All vaccine recipients were invited to complete an online adverse reaction questionnaire. Medical consults at the military’s primary healthcare facilities were monitored for vaccine-related presentations. All hospitalisations involving vaccine recipients were analysed. Adverse reaction rates between doses, vaccines and age groups were compared. Results: A total of 127,081 mRNA vaccine doses were administered to 64,661 individuals up to 24 July 2021. Common minor adverse reactions included fever/chills, body aches and injection site pain. These were more common after dose 2. Younger individuals experienced minor adverse reactions more frequently. Rare cases of anaphylaxis, Bell’s palsy and myocarditis/pericarditis were observed. No deaths occurred. Conclusion: Minor adverse reactions were less common than reported in other studies, and rates of anaphylaxis, Bell’s palsy and myocarditis/pericarditis were comparable. Our study supports the favourable safety profile of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, which may help guide decisions about booster doses if required. Keywords: COVID-19, mRNA vaccine, public health, vaccine, vaccine safety
Analysis of the features of foreign language teaching using ICT during the pandemic restrictions
Authors:   Maykop State Technological University, Tlevtsezheva M.A.
Published: November 2021

The modern labor market, focused on the level of the technological progress, makes a set of requirements for university graduates, which are based on fluency in a foreign language. The protracted period of the pandemic forced to transfer the educational process in universities to an online format, for which the entire existing potential of e-learning of universities was used (electronic information and educational environment + modern information and communication technologies + competencies of teachers). But the question is whether the employer will be satisfied with the results of teaching young specialists a foreign language through ICT alone. The article makes an attempt to analyze the positive and negative aspects of teaching a foreign language, exclusively using the electronic information and educational environment of an organization. The research methodology and methods. The source base of the study are scientific and journalistic articles on the topic, information from the official website of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation "Portal of Federal State Educational Standards". In the research the methods of structural analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization were used.
Evolution of essential characteristics of a person influenced by digital transformations
Authors:   Sochi State University, Salova T.L.
Published: November 2021

The article examines the process of adaptation of a modern person to rapid transformations of the surrounding world associated with the digitalization of the economy, the intellectualization of labor activity, and changes in the paradigm of the education system. The key features of a person of the future, i.e. an intellectual with high professional qualities and creative abilities, have been revealed. The intellectualization of labor activity requires spiritual maturity and high social responsibility from a person. It has been emphasized that an increase in the intellectual component of labor, introduction of high technology, high professionalism serve as the basis for a new motivational system of a person, displacing the system of material incentives: labor and human improvement - become categories of the same order. The intellectual abilities and the received high-quality education determine both the level of income and social status. The new model of "lifelong education", which is based on the principle of lifelong learning, is a source of human activity and readiness to go beyond their capabilities, and constant self-improvement turns into a way of being. The social destiny of a man of the future remains the preservation of culture and the provision of sustainable development of civilization.
Information and communication technologies as an actual resource of educational activity
Authors:   Adygh State University, Vakulenkova M.V.
Published: November 2021

Cybernation of the world, which began in the middle of the 20th century, encompassed all spheres of the life of society, becoming an essential component of the environment. Electronic technologies are used in various industries and services, including education. The implementation of the idea of e-education has contributed to the change in educational technologies, the dominant component of which are information and communication technologies. The research problem lies in the need to disclose modern information and communication technologies as an actual resource for educational activities. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the effectiveness of the use of information and communication technologies in the educational process. The research methods are analysis, synthesis, generalization, description. The basic research method is a pedagogical experiment. The research results: the concept of "information and communication technologies" has been considered, their tools have been described; the advantages of using information and communication technologies in educational activities in the direction of training 44.03.02 Psychology and Pedagogy of primary education have been disclosed; the efficiency has been substantiated and the possibilities of using informatization means in the educational process on the basis of the branch of FSBEI HE "Adyghe State University" in the city of Belorechensk have been determined; examples of the use of information and communication technologies in the educational process in the disciplines "Modern information technologies", "Information and communication technologies in education" have been given; the results of experimental work have been presented, that confirm the increase in the efficiency of the quality of knowledge. Key conclusions: information and communication technologies include the integration of methodological techniques, technological processes, software and hardware that interact with each other in the process of using information for a specific purpose, determined by the interests of its consumers; the advantages of information and communication technologies in educational activities are the expansion of the possibilities of the educational process, the development of positive educational motivation and interest of students, an increase in the quality of knowledge, etc.
Religião e Religiosidades no Brasil: novos estudos e abordagens historiográficas
Authors: Guasti Victor Augusto Mendonça
Published: November 2021

Resenha do livro: SANTIROCCHI, Ítalo Domingos; FERREIRA, Marcia Milena Galdez; NERIS, Wheriston Silva (Org.). Religiões e Religiosidades no Brasil: História, Historiografia e Ensino. São Luís: Editora UEMA, 2018. 421p.
EFFECTS OF PREHEATER LOAD AND LOCATION ON THE CATALYTIC CONVERTER EFFICIENCY DURING COLD START AND IDLING CONDITIONS
Authors: DINLER Nureddin , AKTAS Fatih , TASKIN Sadullah , KARAASLAN Salih , YUCEL Nuri
Published: November 2021

Exhaust emissions are significant pollutants that affect urban lifestyles. There are several regulations related to the exhaust emissions of both gasoline and diesel engines. In this study, the effects of a controlled heating of the exhaust line before the catalytic converter on the converter efficiency are experimentally investigated. Experiments were conducted based on either discrete or cold start conditions. For discrete conditions, the engine was operated until it reached normal and steady state operating conditions. Then, the engine was stopped until the catalytic converter surface temperature reached the ambient temperature. The experiments were first started without additional heating and then continued with different heating loads. In the second stage, the catalytic converter behavior and conversion efficiency under cold start conditions were investigated. The exhaust gas after the exhaust manifold was preheated with different heating loads for the first 150 seconds after the start of the engine; however, the exhaust line was heated 15 s before starting the engine. The effects of the location, length and heat loads of the electrical resistances on the catalytic converter behavior were investigated. After all of the experiments, it was concluded that with the appropriate location and heating loads, for discrete operating conditions, the hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emission conversion efficiencies reached nearly 100 % after 50 s of starting the engine. For cold start conditions, the hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emission conversion efficiencies reached 35 % and 80 %, respectively.
CUIDADOS COM ESTRUTURAS DE CONCRETO EM SITUAÇÃO DE INCÊNDIO
Authors: De Oliveira Everton Breno dos Santos , Miranda Lucas Rodrigo
Published: November 2021

O estudo tem o intuito de apresentar cuidados a serem tomados com estruturas de concreto em situação de incêndio, informando a todos os interessados as normas técnicas de seguimento e concepção do projeto que devem seguidas na fase de preparação das estruturas, em seguida devem ser observados os elementos para a análise da estrutura após o incêndio e os materiais que contribuem no retardo do colapso da estrutura, caso a mesma seja exposta a um incêndio, garantindo assim toda integridade da vida humana, da própria estrutura e das edificações localizadas no entorno da estrutura.
ESTIMATIVA DA ÁREA FOLIAR DE Myrcia variabilis Mart. ex DC. (MYRTACEAE)
Authors: Pace Salimena Juliana , Assunção de Castro Oliveira Julia , Duarte Coelho Adriane , Losada Gavilanes Manuel , Vilela Resende Luciane
Published: November 2021

A espécie Myrcia variabilis (Myrtaceae) é nativa e endêmica do Brasil e pode ser encontrada em ambientes abertos, como o Cerrado, Campo Rupestre e em fragmentos da Mata Atlântica. A planta é conhecida popularmente como “goiabinha-do-campo-roxa” e é utilizada pelas comunidades tradicionais no tratamento de feridas e diarreias. Considerando-se o potencial medicinal da espécie, existe a necessidade de pesquisas básicas envolvendo aspectos relacionados à propagação, crescimento e desenvolvimento, tais como o estudo da área foliar. No entanto, há dificuldade para realizar esta mensuração devido a necessidade da aquisição de equipamentos de valor elevado e técnicas destrutivas.  Métodos não destrutivos permitem acompanhar o crescimento da planta e oferecem precisão dos dados, preservando a integridade. O objetivo desse estudo foi estimar a área foliar de M. variabilis e estabelecer modelos matemáticos utilizando os parâmetros lineares dimensionais comprimento e largura. Foram coletadas 200 folhas de 10 espécimes de uma população de M. variabilis presentes em uma área de cerrado alterado, no Município de Lavras – MG. Após a coleta, as folhas foram escaneadas e analisadas para determinação das medidas lineares. Foi observado que o produto das medidas lineares comprimento e largura são suficientes para estimar a área foliar da espécie. O presente estudo contribui para o estudo da espécie M.  variabilis, por eliminar os métodos destrutivos para estimar a área foliar. Além disso, o modelo linear demonstrou bom ajuste, sendo a ferramenta ideal para estimar a área foliar desta espécie, principalmente em estudos que investiguem o seu crescimento e desenvolvimento.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN GOOGLE WORKSPACE AND MICROSOFT OFFICE 365 PRODUCTIVITY SERVICES IN IRAQI EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: SALIH Mariwan Mohamed
Published: November 2021

Many Iraqi Educational Institutions have started considering adding a Cloud productivity applications which are used by students and teaching staffs, These are a complementary group of solving cloud-based productivity tools of Google and Microsoft aiming to enable users to create, store and access their applications and programs at any time, and from anywhere by using various devices, whether Desktop, mobile or smart devices, and users can be given an email with the name of the facility and give different authorities to accomplish their work. To use the best providers of Collaborative tools and solutions which can be used greatly in the Educational Process Google, specifically, offers Google Workspace for educational and Microsoft offers Microsoft Office 365. Both Office 365 and Workspace are extraordinary tools for providing productive services in education fields, and non-profit organizations can get copies that are donated by the two companies. However, there are significant differences between them, so one should think best in choosing which platform is appropriate for Iraqi Educational Institutions. This is an incredibly complex question with so many comparative points between them. Both Workspace and Office 365 are regarded are the two important tools in providing productivity Service in Education Sectors. In this present study, it is hoped to mention the differences between the two cloud platforms that can help IT administrators in educational institutions to choose the best and most suitable program, and make balance with amazing set of factors, including contract terms, organizational issues, the ability to integrate with a range of educational applications, and the use of servers, and host, packet inspection and tools, protocol analysis and service quality, measurement and improvement of response time, data transfer rate and network performance so that it can be compatible with the technological infrastructure in Iraq. Both platforms provide custom email for all businesses which include collaboration tools such as Mail, Calendar, Meet, Chat, Drive, Docs, Sheets, Presentations, Forms, Groups, Discussions Board, Sites and etc., which are a free set of easy-to-use tools that provide a flexible and secure basis for learning and teaching process, collaboration and communication. Keywords: Google Workspace for Education, Microsoft Office 365 For Education, Cloud Service, Collaboration and Communication.
https://www.ijherjournal.com/journaldetail/comparative-religions-reality-and-challenges-methodological-approach_118#:~:text=COMPARATIVE%20RELIGIONS%2C%20REALITY%20AND%20CHALLENGES%3A%20METHODOLOGICAL%20APPROACH
Authors: RABII Nedia
Published: November 2021

The branch of comparative religions has developed during the poste-globalisation era, and has gained great popularity worldwide for several reasons, among the most important events related to terrorism, which the western media has been attributing to demonized religions, especially Islam. This was one of the most inciting cognitive motives for conducting this study. However the main motive was to contribute to the renewal of the comparative religions curriculum, and avoid the traditional teaching and researches approaches whether it is accredited in Islamic universities and in fundamental and western traditional theology, these institutions are working excursively on whitewashing their religion and condemning other religions while ignoring the historical and geopolitical context. In conclusion this was the essence of this study about the methodological approach of comparative religions, and its various challenges through the exemplary comparison between the conservative Jewish woman and the Christian woman. Keywords: History, Record, Curriul, Extremism
THE REALITY OF ADMINISTRATIVE DEVELOPMENT IN THE COLLEGES OF EDUCATION IN THE ‎PROVINCE OF BAGHDAD
Authors: AHMED May Faisal
Published: November 2021

A field study aimed at knowing the reality of administrative development in the ‎colleges of education in the province of Baghdad. The research adopted the ‎descriptive analytical method. The research community was determined, which ‎consisted of (142) of the assistant deans and heads of departments in the faculties ‎of education. The research sample was chosen by the simple random method by ‎‎ (79%) from the research community, as the number of the sample members was ‎‎ (112) of the assistant deans and heads of departments. A questionnaire was built ‎that included (50) items distributed among the areas (regulations and instructions, ‎leadership, administrative structure, administrative communication, and staff ‎development). The researcher made sure of its validity and reliability. The research ‎data was analyzed using the (SPSS) program, and the most important results were ‎reached: the administration adopts information and communication technology to ‎ease the centrality between the university administration, the college administration ‎and the management of scientific departments. The instructions allow participation, ‎innovation, creativity and development, as well as reaching a number of ‎recommendations and proposals related to research‎. Keywords: Administrative Development, Faculties of Education‎, ‎Leadership
THE DEGREE OF CREATIVE LEADERSHIP PRACTICE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO MANAGING ORGANIZATIONAL EPILEPSY AMONG DEPARTMENT HEADS FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF FACULTY MEMBERS AT WASIT UNIVERSITY
Authors: RADHAWI Saad Naeem
Published: November 2021

The study aimed to identify the relationship between creative leadership and organizational conflict management among department heads from the viewpoint of faculty members at Wasit University. In order to find out the differences according to the variables of gender and specialization, the study sample consisted of (200) male and female teachers from the study population, they were chosen by the simple random method, and the researcher adopted the descriptive correlative approach to conduct the study. The two tools of the study consisted of a questionnaire of (40) items to measure lateral leadership and (36) items to manage organizational conflict prepared by the researcher. The results of the research data were analyzed using the (SPSS) program, The results of the research showed that the degree of creative leadership practice of academic department heads was high, and the results indicated that the level of organizational conflict management for academic department heads was high, and there was a positive relationship between the practice of creative leadership and the level of organizational conflict management for department heads from the viewpoint of faculty members at Wasit University and in In light of the results of the research, the researcher presented a number of recommendations, including continuity in maintaining the degree of practice of creative leadership and management of organizational conflict, as well as deepening and increasing awareness of the importance of creative leadership, and continuity in raising awareness of organizational conflict management methods through training and informing them of the advanced and renewable global experiences and proposing to conduct similar studies in Iraqi universities‎. Keywords: Practice, Creative Leadership, Organizational Conflict Management, Heads of Departments, Wasit University
Sử dụng phương pháp tối ưu giải bài toán đánh giá sai lệch độ trụ từ bộ dữ liệu điểm đo
Authors: Nguyễn Thành Trung , Vũ Toàn Thắng , Vũ Tiến Dũng
Published: November 2021

Sai lệch độ trụ là sai số tổng hợp đóng vai trò quan trọng trong đánh giá chất lượng các chi tiết cơ khí. Việc đánh giá sai lêch độ trụ thường dựa trên dữ liệu điểm đo xác định bằng máy đo ba toạ độ hoặc các máy quét 3D, máy đo độ tròn. Hiện nay, có 4 thuật toán được sử dụng để tính sai lệch độ trụ: mặt trụ bình phương tối thiểu (Least Square Cylinder – LSC), mặt trụ ngoại tiếp nhỏ nhất (Mimimum Circumscibed Cylinder – MCC), mặt trụ nội tiếp lớn nhất (Maximum Inscribed Cylinder – MIC) và mặt trụ miền tối thiểu (Minumum Zone Cylinder – MZC). Bài báo trình bày phương pháp sử dụng thuật toán tối ưu tính toán đường kính, sai lêch độ trụ từ bộ dữ liệu điểm đo và so sánh kết quả theo cả 4 phương pháp trên với kết quả của máy đo toạ độ (Coordinate Measuring Machine - CMM) với độ sai lệch không vượt quá 0,8 µm.
Phân tích ảnh hưởng của gân vuốt đến sự biến mỏng thành và nhăn trong quá trình dập chi tiết hình côn thấp
Authors: Nguyễn Văn Hưởng
Published: November 2021

Sử dụng gân vuốt có vai trò quan trong trong công nghệ dập tấm bởi vì nó có ảnh hưởng đến chất lượng sản phẩm kim loại tấm. Gân vuốt thường được sử dụng khi dập các chi tiết dạng không đối xứng, hình dạng phức tạp và dập vuốt sâu để cải thiện dòng chảy của vật liệu vào cối. Tuy hình côn thấp là một dạng chi tiết đối xứng nhưng chiều cao tương đối nhỏ nên gây ra sự đàn hồi mạnh do đó trong quá trình tạo hình vật liệu không được tiếp xúc hoàn toàn với bề mặt của dụng cụ. Kết quả là rất dễ xuất hiện nhăn trên bề mặt gây ra phế phẩm. Vì vậy phôi tấm phải được kéo căng bằng gân vuốt. Bài báo đưa ra kết quả nghiên cứu gân vuốt khi dập chi tiết hình côn thấp với các kích thước cụ thể của nó cho ba trường hợp như không sử dụng gân vuốt trên hệ thống chặn, với gân vuốt hình tròn và với gân vuốt hình chữ nhật thông qua mô phỏng số bằng phần mềm Dynaform 5.9 và thực nghiệm với khuôn dập được chế tạo với các kết quả đưa ra từ mô phỏng để xác định được các thông số hợp lý của gân vuốt.
Effects of water acidification on immune responses of the gercacinid,
Cardiosoma armatum (Herklots, 1851)
Authors: A.O. Lawal-Are , R.O. Moruf , I.O. Olaniyi , D.S. Okafor
Published: November 2021

The biological response to chemical pollutants reflects the acid–base status of an aquatic ecosystem. The gercacinid, Cardiosoma armatum (75±0.1 g) was exposed to acidified waters to evaluate the effects on its immune parameters. The crabs were exposed to pH 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 7.8 (control) for 28 days. The hematological parameters of control crabs and crabs exposed to varied doses of acidified water indicated a marked reduction. Significant (p<0.05) higher alkaline phosphatase and albumen were obtained in pH 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 compared to control; other values were mostly similar to control. The highest superoxide dismutase (SOD) (252.61±0.06 min/mg pro) was recorded in control group, while highest CAT activity (2.08±0.16 min/mg protein) was recorded in crabs exposed to pH 4 treatment. Furthermore, the control group's SOD activity was significantly higher than the exposed groups. With a lower pH, the quantities of malondialdehyde increased substantially and were significantly different from the control group. While these findings demonstrate that changes in pH have limited impact on energy use, decreasing immune system conditions show that C. armatum is susceptible to pH variations and may be influenced in aquaculture, where a pH drop is more prominent.
Propuesta gráfica para el salón señorial del palacio condal de Oliva
Authors: Arciniega García Luis , Camarasa Balaguer Pablo
Published: November 2021

El desaparecido palacio condal de Oliva, provincia de Valencia (España), fue una obra sobresaliente de la arquitectura y el arte del tardogótico y primer Renacimiento. En él, descolló su salón señorial, cuya rica y compleja decoración constituye un hito cultural, recientemente vinculado a las Germanías. A través de la investigación en fondos gráficos y documentales se presenta la restitución gráfica de la estancia, con dedicación especial a su friso. Asimismo, se describe el procedimiento de las técnicas empleadas y se plantean los posibles usos de estos resultados.
Arte y arquitectura. El mural de la vivienda del pabellón de la Obra Sindical del Hogar, Madrid 1956. Amadeo Gabino y Manuel Suárez Molezún
Authors: De Coca Leicher José
Published: November 2021

El mural de la vivienda, milagrosamente conservado y recientemente restaurado junto al antiguo pabellón de exposiciones de la Obra Sindical del Hogar, está situado en el recinto Ferial de la Casa de Campo de Madrid. Esta desconocida obra de arte nos traslada al momento singular de “integración de las artes” entre la arquitectura, la cerámica y la pintura. Obra conjunta de Amadeo Gabino y Manuel Suárez Molezún, es un importante eslabón recuperado en la trayectoria de los artistas, consecuencia directa de sus experiencias europeas y a la vez una propuesta de renovación artística por su contenido y relación con la arquitectura. Profundizamos en los antecedentes artísticos, analizamos los elementos representados y su técnica de realización en el contexto de los años 50. Aportamos algunos datos sobre su estado de conservación y criterios de restauración, con el objetivo final de poner en conocimiento esta obra singular, contribuyendo a su necesaria divulgación.
Paul Rudolph y el proyecto de la Finney Guest House
Authors: Moral García Álvaro , González Medina Javier , Galván Desvaux Noelia
Published: November 2021

El artículo analiza la relevancia del proyecto de la Finney Guest House en la trayectoria profesional de Paul Rudolph, y su relación con otros dos proyectos realizados en los mismos años, la Revere Quality House y la Healy Guest House. En los tres aparece como cliente o promotora Roberta Healy Finney, lo que lleva a pensar que la Finney House pudiera ser un antecedente de la Healy House. En el texto se comentan algunos de los mejores dibujos realizados por Paul Rudolph en los años cuarenta, entre ellos un ejercicio de proyectos realizado, bajo la dirección de Walter Gropius, para obtener la titulación de Máster en Arquitectura por la Universidad de Harvard.
Il disegno di un nuovo paesaggio archeologico. Un’analisi grafico-proiettiva del cimitero comunale di Parabita
Authors: Pastore Domenico
Published: November 2021

Il cimitero monumentale di Parabita 1, progettato dal G.R.A.U. (Gruppo Romano Architetti e Urbanisti) nel 1967 è un’opera che ha profondamente segnato il panorama architettonico italiano sul finire degli anni ’60. Il progetto fu commissionato al G.R.A.U 2 dall’amministrazione comunale come ampliamento del camposanto ottocentesco esistente, per far fronte alla necessità di dotare l’area cimiteriale di nuovi luoghi di tumulazione, ossari, camera mortuaria e servizi. L’area indicata nei documenti catastali, allegati al incarico di progettazione, si sviluppa a nord del preesistente recinto cimiteriale ed occupa una superficie scoscesa di forma pressoché quadrata disposta ai piedi di un’altura che costeggia il settecentesco Convento degli Alcantarini e congiunge due assi viari (Fig. 1).