bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Education Management and Lesson Study in Teaching Mathematics to Students of Second Grade of Public School in District 3 of Tehran
Authors: Farhoush Masoumeh , Majedi Parisima , Behrangi Mohammadreza
Published: January 2017

The present paper studies the effects of lesson study as a sample of participative researches in classroom as well as Behrangi Education Management Model in courses by aiming at exploring and allowing students to use the indexes of course concepts as an effective model in learning. The research plan is pre-test, posttest with control group type. In this research, first the characteristics of lesson study in professional development of teachers through participative research and improving students’ learning have been studied, followed by discussing the ten commands or ten steps of implementing education management model in teaching curriculum as well as using modern and suitable teaching models. The subjects were selected at random from five lesson study pilot schools in district 3 and were taught and tested accordingly. The measurement tools which are used in this research included teacher-developed education progress test underwent contents validity and reliability examination and their reliability was examined by reliability method which was agreed by assessor. That is, the papers were given to a number of paper correctors for scoring. The scoring scale was 1 to 14. The teaching was carried out in two methods of lesson study and education management for teaching mathematics to second grade boy students at public elementary schools in district 2 of Tehran and the effects were measured on three groups of students in pre-test and posttest methods. The results from analyzing research data showed the average mathematics score in education management model in pretest was 9.85 and in posttest, it was 11.26; while, the average mathematics scores in lesson study group in pre-test was 9.19 and in posttest, it was 9.04. In the control group, those scores were 9.75 in pre-test and 9.65 in posttest. The average score in mathematics lesson in education management group showed considerable increase compared to the lesson study method group. The research hypothesis of the research showed education management model led to increase in mathematics learning of students; while, lesson study did not show tangible effects on mathematics learning of students. This research can be carried out in higher school grades and in other courses in Tehran for providing more complementary studies.
Evaluating Educational Groups’ Function of High Schools in Tehran on the Basis of Krek Patrick
Authors: Banoofatemeh Mohadeseh Sadat , Bijandi Mohammad Sadegh , Parasteh Fatemeh
Published: January 2017

Nowadays, checking human sciences situation in valuation educational system in Iran is very important. They who educated in Iran’s educational system, then tested higher education one of the most sophisticated countries, find well that one of the most important distinctions between two systems is difference of situation and human science value. The aim of this research is evaluating educational groups’ function of human sciences area in high schools in Tehran due to Krek Patrick Model in 4 levels (reaction, behavior, learning an results). Statistical population of all teachers of educational groups of schools in Tehran by number… and sample volume according to Cochran formula is 359 that selected by clustered sampling among teachers who are members of educational groups of human sciences area. To collect data from questionnaire, researcher uses four above levels. Formal and content validity are accepted by 15 authorities and reliability that is calculated by using Cronbach Alpha in 4 levels (reaction, behavior, learning and results) is 0.823, 0.795, 0.861, and 0.742 respectively. Study method is descriptive and survey and adding to descriptive indexes, to analyze data, one group t, independent t, analyzing multivariable variance and regression are used. Results of one group t test showed that educational groups’ function of human sciences area is suitable due to Krek Patrick Model in four studied levels. Also results of independent test t and analyzing multivariable variance showed that there is a meaningful difference in educational groups’ function according to Krek Patrick Model and also in various levels among women and men. Finally, results of regression showed that history of work predicts educational groups’ function according to Krek Patrick model.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 10, No. 2
Authors: Lee Chris
Published: January 2017

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2017.
Pragmatist Aesthetics, the New Literacy, and Popular Culture. A Response to Stefán Snævarr
Authors: Małecki Wojciech
Published: January 2017

The article is a critical response to Stefán Snævarr’s “Pragmatism and Popular Culture: Shusterman, Popular Art, and the Challenge of Visuality.”In its first part, I attempt to prove that several of Snævarr’s claims about popular culture and new media, which form the basic premises of his diagnosis of the alleged intellectual decline of the West, are either dubious or wrong. Moreover, in the context of this diagnosis, Snævarr levels some serious accusations against Richard Shusterman’s theory of popular culture, which, I believe, are ungrounded and do not do justice to the latter’s approach. Henceforth, the remainder of the article is devoted to explaining in which aspects Snævarr’s interpretation of Richard Shusterman’s theory is misguided.
Not Yet. The Philosophical Significance of Aesthetics
Authors: Menke Christoph
Published: January 2017

The paper asks for the preconditions and the consequences of the emergence of aesthetics in and for philosophy. The question is: what does it mean for philosophy to engage the question of the aesthetic? My answer will be: it means nothing less than putting philosophy in question. Or, more precisely: by engaging the question of the aesthetic, philosophy puts itself in question. In order to show this, I will refer to a brief passage in the Phenomenology of the Spirit and then attempt to turn it against what I take it to be Hegel’s own intention. The paper attempts to sketch this argument in three brisk moves by (1) distinguishing a philosophy of the “poetic” from a philosophy of the “aesthetic”; (2) describing the aesthetic as “regressive” and “(self-)reflexive”; and (3) sketching the paradoxical place of aesthetics within philosophy.
The Myth of Emancipation through Interaction. On the Relationship between Interactive Dimensions and Emancipating Potentials of Contemporary (Digital) Art
Authors: Philipsen Lotte
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this article is to critically address a widespread assumption that reads like this: Works of art that make use of digital media automatically, through interactivity, are generally better suited for generating democratic processes in society than other art forms or phenomena that do not make use of digital media, and, therefore, digital art is more avant-garde than other art forms. By analysing the chains of equivalence underlying this assumption the article presents and discusses a number of issues that, taken together, render this assumption fallacious.
Eye, Matter and Interpretation
Authors: Larsen Bente
Published: January 2017

The main thesis behind the article is that Ad Reinhardt in his Abstract Paintings, through a ‘painting away’ of what traditionally constitutes painting, color, pictorial space and gesture, leads our attention towards visuality. The thesis shall be pursued through a discussion of two different approaches to visual sensing as aesthetic experience, one that prefaces a hermeneutical/phenomenological approach claiming sensuousness to unfold through the gesture of chiasm and ‘intertwining’, as it is formulated by Gottfried Boehm, and another, through Jean-Luc Nancy’s post-phenomenological approach accentuating aesthetic experience as a gesture of distance. In the essay I shall focus on differences between the two and look into the question of how an implementation of a phenomenological chiasm and a hermeneutical claim for meaning in contrast to an epistemological and ontological focus on absence and the picture as Le distinc, leads to fundamental difference concerning the question of meaning, of interpretation.
The Operational Present of Sensibility
Authors: Hansen Mark B.N.
Published: January 2017

Contemporary digital technologies afford unprecedented access to levels of temporal experience that have long remained beyond the scope of human thematization. In their efforts to historicize these affordances, historians of science have insisted on the peculiarity of this access, the fact that it does not take place through any direct expansion of human perceptual capacities, but rather through a human-machine assemblage that supplements perception by putting it into systemic co-relation with a technical operationality whose “content” perception cannot access. In this article, Hansen utilizes this indirect model of the temporal expansion of human agency to explore contemporary micro-computational expansion of sensibility, both as it informs data capitalism and efforts to counter the latter’s sway.
Fantasies of Participation: The Situationist Imaginary of New Forms of Labour in Art and Politics
Authors: Grindon Gavin
Published: January 2017

The Situationist International (SI) have become a canonical reference point when discussing artists’ participation in political action or activism. This article attempts to decentre the SI from this position, by tracing their theories and representations of political agency and labour. I argue that their notion of agency is deeply conflicted, epitomized by the dual invocations ‘never work/all power to the workers’ councils. I examine how the SI’s representations of agency betray an attraction to and fascination with 1960s reactionary fantasies around brainwashing, conditioning, control and torture. Their practical descriptions of a constructed situation, which ‘makes people live’ are, in fact, closer to torturous state control than total liberation. The notions of agency they mobilise draw on colonial and classist sources, which actually deny the agency of radical movements. As a result, the SI produce a series of weak fantasies of participation, in which agency is denied and ‘demanding the impossible’ is actually a demand to constitute and police the impossible. Artistic-political agency was both guarded centre and constituent other. The SI’s policing of their identity, tied in name to the agency of ‘situations’, involved the ongoing exclusion and repression of other artists’ more practically-engaged labour within social movements.
Publications of aesthetic interest
Authors: Lund Jacob
Published: January 2017

List of publications of aesthetic interest
The Expansion of Theatrical Space and the Role of the Spectator
Authors: Pérez Elena
Published: January 2017

One of the theatre and performance conventions that has been challenged by the application of technology is that of space. Theatrical space has been “expanded” through the application of technology and its artefacts. However, it is not reallyclear what is meant by “expansion”, as it means different things according to different authors and these divergent meanings often lead to misunderstandings. In this article, I will demonstrate the need for a more nuanced understanding of what the expansion of theatrical space means and its impact on the concept of spectatorship. The analysis will be based on three distinct forms of digital performance where spatial expansion has been an issue; these are three categories that also mark the heterogeneity and dynamism of the convergence of performance and technology: multimedia performance, telematic performance and pervasive performance. Through an analysis of specific cases across the categories, I aim to show how the expansion of space implies a more participatory stance in the role of the spectator.
The Transnationalism of Swedish and Russian National Theatres in the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century: How Foreign Performative Art Sharpened the Aesthetics of National Identity
Authors: Berlova Maria
Published: January 2017

In this article, I consider the formation of national theatres in Sweden and Russia under the guidance of King Gustav III and Empress Catherine II. Both Swedish and Russian theatres in the second half of the eighteenth century consolidated their nationalism by appealing to various national cultures and absorbing them. One of the achievements of the Enlightenment was the rise in popularity of theatre and its transnationalism. Several European countries, like Russia, Sweden, Po- land, Hungary and others, decided to follow France and Italy’s example with their older traditions, and participate in the revival of the theatrical arts, while aiming at the same time to preserve their national identities. The general tendency in all European countries of “second theatre culture” was toward transnationalism, i.e. the acceptance of the inter-penetration between the various European cultures with the unavoidable impact of French and Italian theatres. The historical plays of the two royal dramatists – Gustav III and Catherine II – were based on nation- al history and formulated following models of mainly French and English drama. The monarchs resorted to the help of French, Italian and German composers, stage designers, architects, choreographers and actors to produce their plays. However, such cooperation only emphasized Swedish as well as Russian national- ism. Despite many similarities, Gustav III and Catherine II differed somewhat in how each positioned their own brand of nationalism. By delving deeper into the details of the formation of the national theatres by these monarchs, I will explore similarities and differences between their two theatres.
Identification of four potential predicting miRNA biomarkers for multiple myeloma from published datasets
Authors: Xiang Tian , Hu Ai-Xin , Sun Peng , Liu Gao , Liu Gang , Xiao Yan
Published: January 2017

Background

Multiple myeloma is a cancer which has a high occurrence rate and causes great injury to people worldwide. In recent years, many studies reported the effects of miRNA on the appearance of multiple myeloma. However, due to the differences of samples and sequencing platforms, a large number of inconsistent results have been generated among these studies, which limited the cure of multiple myeloma at the miRNA level.

Methods

We performed meta-analyses to identify the key miRNA biomarkers which could be applied on the treatment of multiple myeloma. The key miRNAs were determined by overlap comparisons of seven datasets in multiple myeloma. Then, the target genes for key miRNAs were predicted by the software TargetScan. Additionally, functional enrichments and binding TFs were investigated by DAVID database and Tfacts database, respectively.

Results

Firstly, comparing the normal tissues, 13 miRNAs were differently expressed miRNAs (DEMs) for at least three datasets. They were considered as key miRNAs, with 12 up-regulated (hsa-miR-106b, hsa-miR-125b, hsa-miR-130b, hsa-miR-138, hsa-miR-15b, hsa-miR-181a, hsa-miR-183, hsa-miR-191, hsa-miR-19a, hsa-miR-20a, hsa-miR-221 and hsa-miR-25) and one down-regulated (hsa-miR-223). Secondly, functional enrichment analyses indicated that target genes of the upregulated miRNAs were mainly transcript factors and enriched in transcription regulation. Besides, these genes were enriched in multiple pathways: the cancer signal pathway, insulin signal metabolic pathway, cell binding molecules, melanin generation, long-term regression and P53 signaling pathway. However, no significant enrichment was found for target genes of the down-regulated genes. Due to the distinct regulation function, four miRNAs (hsa-miR-19a has-miR-221 has-miR25 and has-miR223) were ascertained as the potential prognostic and diagnostic markers in MM. Thirdly, transcript factors analysis unveiled that there were 148 TFs and 60 TFs which bind target genes of the up-regulated miRNAs and target genes of the down-regulated miRNAs, respectively. They respectively generated 652 and 139 reactions of TFs and target genes. Additionally, 50 (31.6%) TFs were shared, while higher specificity was found in TFs of target genes for the upregulated miRNAs.

Discussions

Together, our findings provided the key miRNAs which affected occurrence of multiple myeloma and regulation function of these miRNAs. It is valuable for the prognosis and diagnosis of multiple myeloma.
Genomic and transcriptomic resources for assassin flies including the complete genome sequence ofProctacanthus coquilletti(Insecta: Diptera: Asilidae) and 16 representative transcriptomes
Authors: Dikow Rebecca B. , Frandsen Paul B. , Turcatel Mauren , Dikow Torsten
Published: January 2017

A high-quality draft genome forProctacanthus coquilletti(Insecta: Diptera: Asilidae) is presented along with transcriptomes for 16 Diptera species from five families: Asilidae, Apioceridae, Bombyliidae, Mydidae, and Tabanidae. Genome sequencing reveals thatP. coquillettihas a genome size of approximately 210 Mbp and remarkably low heterozygosity (0.47%) and few repeats (15%). These characteristics helped produce a highly contiguous (N50 = 862 kbp) assembly, particularly given that only a single 2 × 250 bp PCR-free Illumina library was sequenced. A phylogenomic hypothesis is presented based on thousands of putative orthologs across the 16 transcriptomes. Phylogenetic relationships support the sister group relationship of Apioceridae + Mydidae to Asilidae. A time-calibrated phylogeny is also presented, with seven fossil calibration points, which suggests an older age of the split among Apioceridae, Asilidae, and Mydidae (158 mya) and Apioceridae and Mydidae (135 mya) than proposed in the AToL FlyTree project. Future studies will be able to take advantage of the resources presented here in order to produce large scale phylogenomic and evolutionary studies of assassin fly phylogeny, life histories, or venom. The bioinformatics tools and workflow presented here will be useful to others wishing to generatede novogenomic resources in species-rich taxa without a closely-related reference genome.
Manifestações clínicas da mutação f508del: uma série de casos de pacientes com fibrose cística
Authors: Mota Laís Ribeiro , Toralles Maria Betânia Pereira , Souza Edna Lúcia
Published: January 2017

Introdução: a Fibrose Cística (FC) é a doença autossômica recessiva mais comum e letal na população de origem caucasoide. Causada por mutações no gene que codifica a proteína CFTR, no qual já existem mais de 2.000 mutações identificadas, sendo a mutação F508del a mais frequente. Esta doença apresenta-se de forma multissistêmica com quadro clínico altamente variado e com considerável diversidade na gravidade e na progressão da doença. Alguns estudos correlacionam os sintomas ao genótipo dos pacientes. Objetivo: descrever o genótipo e apresentação clínica dos pacientes homozigotos ou heterozigotos para esta mutação F508del. Metodologia: foi realizada a descrição de uma serie de casos de pacientes diagnosticados com FC que apresentam a mutação F508del, acompanhados pelo Ambulatório Multidisciplinar de FC do Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos do Estado da Bahia. Resultados: Dez (45,4%) crianças eram homozigotos para a mutação e 12/22 (54,5%) heterozigotos. As principais manifestações clínicas que levaram ao diagnóstico foram: insuficiência pancreática (95,4%), sintomas respiratórios (85,2%), dificuldade em ganhar peso (88,5%), esteatorreia (73,3%), e ritmo intestinal alterado (53,8%). A idade de início dos sintomas (mediana 0,16 anos) e do diagnóstico (mediana 0,58 anos) foram precoces, refletindo a gravidade da doença. Conclusões: Conclui-se que as características clínicas e laboratoriais dos pacientes descritos foram semelhantes aos relatados na literatura e destacam a associação entre insuficiência pancreática e o genótipo dos pacientes, enfatizando a importância do estudo genético na determinação do prognóstico dos pacientes, em especial em populações altamente miscigenadas, como no Brasil.
Relação entre os achados audiológicos e a percepção da desvantagem auditiva
Authors: Rabelo Maysa Bastos , Lisboa Neide Barreto da Silva , Corona Ana Paula , Carvalho Jozélio Freire de
Published: January 2017

A perda auditiva se configura como a segunda maior incapacidade dentre os vários comprometimentos funcionais em idosos, acometendo aproximadamente 1/3 das pessoas com mais de 65 anos. Entre as alterações sensoriais inerentes a este processo, pode-se citar a presbiacusia, definida como a perda auditiva associada ao envelhecimento, uma das principais causas de isolamento social no idoso. Objetivo: verificar se existe relação entre os achados audiológicos, a queixa de dificuldade para ouvir e a percepção da desvantagem auditiva. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo do tipo seccional de base ambulatorial, realizado entre abril e agosto de 2015. Os participantes responderam a ficha de coleta desenvolvida para pesquisa, constando os dados socidemográficos e queixas otoneurológicas, realizaram a avaliação audiológica básica e o questionário Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly. Resultados: o estudo foi composto por 22 indivíduos, a maioria foi do sexo feminino, com idade variando entre 56 e 86 anos, com média de 66,7 anos. Os resultados do presente estudo revelaram elevada frequência de alteração audiológica na população estudada, caracterizada por perda auditiva com maior comprometimento nas altas frequências. Porém, poucos indivíduos referiram dificuldade para ouvir ou apresentaram percepção da desvantagem auditiva. Conclusão: o perfil audiológico dos indivíduos analisados não favorece a percepção da desvantagem auditiva.
Social Vulnerability and Sickle Cell Disease Mortality in the US
Authors: Tan Jia Yi , San Boon Jian , Yeo Yong-Hao , Chan Kok Hoe , Shaaban Hamid S. , Ezekwudo Daniel E. , Idowu Modupe
Published: September 2024

Importance

Social determinants of health (SDOH) influence health outcomes, including those of sickle cell disease (SCD), despite advancements in treatments like disease-modifying therapies.

Objective

To investigate the association of SDOH with SCD mortality rates from 2016 to 2020.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study combined county-level data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) with SCD mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020. US counties were divided into 4 quartile (Q) models according to their SVI scores. Deaths from SCD in the US among patients of all ages were included. Data analysis occurred from March to April 2024.

Exposure

SVI score.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 1 000 000 individuals were measured. Rate ratios (RRs) were obtained by comparing county-specific AAMRs of SVI-Q4 with SVI-Q1.

Results

From 2016 to 2020, among a total population of 1 633 737 771 individuals, there were 2635 deaths from SCD (1289 male [49.1%] and 1336 female [50.9%]). There were 1480 deaths in Q4, 687 deaths in Q3, 344 deaths in Q2, and 114 deaths in Q1. Higher SVI was associated with 2.11 excess deaths per 1 000 000 individuals (RR, 4.90; 95% CI, 4.81-5.00). Similar trends were seen for both males (RR, 4.56; 95% CI, 4.44-4.69) and females (RR, 5.85; 95% CI, 5.68-6.03). Middle-aged patients with SCD had the highest mortality rate in Q4, with 3.45 excess deaths per 1 000 000 individuals (RR, 4.97; 95% CI, 4.85-5.09). Higher SVI was associated with 2.29 excess deaths per 1 000 000 individuals in African American individuals with SCD (RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.22-1.27]). In White individuals with SCD, higher SVI was associated with 0.12 excess deaths per 1 000 000 individuals (RR not available due to unreliable data in Q1). When stratifying by census region, the highest level of SCD-related mortality was in the Northeast, with higher SVI associated with 3.16 excess deaths per 1 000 000 individuals (RR, 8.02; 95% CI, 7.66-8.40).

Conclusions

In this cross-sectional study of the association of SVI with SCD mortality rates, higher SVI was associated with higher SCD mortality across US counties. These findings underscore the importance of addressing social determinants of health to improve mortality outcomes among patients with SCD.
Peripheral-Type Facial Paralysis and Unilateral Hemisphere Hemorrhage
Authors: Chen Chunyong , Zhang Jian , Huang Jingjing
Published: September 2024

This case report describes a patient in his 60s with peripheral-type paralysis and hemorrhage in the left thalamus-radiation crown region.
Paternal Age and the Risk of Trisomy 21
Authors: Zhou Qiongjie , Zhao Guanglin , Yang Xueyu , Tu Xinzhi , Li Xiaotian
Published: September 2024

This cohort study examines whether there is an association between paternal age and Down syndrome in offspring.
Kinetic characterization of amino acid activation by aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases using radiolabelled γ‐[32P]ATP
Authors: Živković Igor , Dulic Morana , Kozulic Petra , Mocibob Marko , Gruic‐Sovulj Ita
Published: September 2024

Aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are fundamental enzymes that pair amino acids and tRNAs for protein synthesis. Aminoacylation occurs in two discrete steps. The amino acid is first activated by ATP, leading to an aminoacyl‐adenylate intermediate and pyrophosphate (PPi) formation. In a subsequent step, the aminoacyl moiety is transferred to the tRNA. Kinetic assays were developed to follow each of these steps independently, as well as cumulative two‐step aminoacylation. The main advantage of following the activation step over two‐step aminoacylation is that most AARSs can activate amino acids in the absence of the tRNA, the production of which is laborious. Hence, the activation step is often tested first in the kinetic analysis, including large screens exploring AARS‐targeting inhibitors. Since the 1960s, the activation reaction has been routinely followed by the standard ATP/[32P]PPi exchange assay, which relies on the equilibrium exchange of radiolabel between PPi and ATP using [32P]PPi as a labelled compound. However, this method became much less convenient when [32P]PPi was discontinued in 2022. As a solution, we developed a modified assay that uses easily attainable γ‐[32P]ATP as a labelled compound in the equilibrium‐based assay. Using this assay, herein named the [32P]ATP/PPi assay, we followed the activation step of several AARSs. The obtained data are in good agreement with the previously published kinetic constants obtained with the standard ATP/[32P]PPi exchange assay.
Natronoarchaeaceae
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y.
Published: September 2024

Na.tro.no.ar.chae.a.ce'ae. N.L. neut. n.
Natronoarchaeum,
the type genus of the family; L. fem. pl. n. suff. ‐
aceae,
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Natronoarchaeaceae,
the family of the genus
Natronoarchaeum
.

Halobacteriota / Halobacteria / Halobacteriales / Natronoarchaeaceae

The family
Natronoarchaeaceae
is a member of the order
Halobacteriales
, class
Halobacteria
, and is formed on the basis of phylogenomic analyses. It includes extremely halophilic and either aerobic or facultatively anaerobic archaea with variable key functionality, such as anaerobic sulfur respiration and potential to utilize various polysaccharides as growth substrates. The family currently contains four genera: the type genus
Natronoarchaeum
and the genera
Salinarchaeum
,
Halostella
, and
Natranaeroarchaeum
from various hypersaline habitats.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 60.8–68.2 (whole‐genome sequences).

Type genus
:
Natronoarchaeum
Shimane et al. 2010
VP
emend. Qui et al. 2014.
Cyclonatronaceae
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y.
Published: September 2024

Cy.clo.na.tron.a'ce.ae N.L. neut. n.
Cyclonatronum
, type genus of the family; L. fem. pl. n. suff.
‐aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Cyclonatronaceae
, the
Cyclonatronum
family.

Bacteroidota / Rhodothermia / Balneolales / Cyclonatronaceae

The family
Cyclonatronaceae
is a member of the order
Balneolales,
class
Rhodothermia,
and phylum
Bacteroidota
. It includes heterotrophic bacteria with either aerobic or fermentative metabolism that utilize peptides or sugars as growth substrates. The known members of the family are mesophilic, moderately salt‐tolerant, chloride‐independent, and obligate alkaliphiles found in saline soda lakes in Central Asia. The family currently includes two genera, the type genus
Cyclonatronum
and the genus
Natronogracilivirga,
both represented by a single species.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 49.7–51.5 (whole‐genome sequences).

Type genus
:
Cyclonatronum
Zhilina et al. 2023, VL211.
Cyclonatronum
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y.
Published: September 2024

Cy.clo.na.tro'num. Gr. masc. n.
kyklos
, a circle; N.L. neut. n.
natron
, soda; N.L. neut. n.
Cyclonatronum
, circle‐shaped and soda‐loving.

Bacteroidota / Rhodothermia / Balneolales / Cyclonatronaceae / Cyclonatronum

The genus
Cyclonatronum
is a member of the class
Rhodothermia
of the phylum
Bacteroidota
. It includes obligately aerobic organoheterotrophs that mostly utilize proteins and peptides, and possess an active sodium‐pumping proteorhodopsin. The genus currently includes a single species,
Cyclonatronum proteinivorum,
which is represented by a mesophilic, moderately salt‐tolerant, chloride‐independent, and obligate alkaliphile found in saline soda lakes in Central Asia.

DNA G
 + 
C content (mol%)
: 51.5 (genome sequence).

Type species
:

Cyclonatronum proteinivorum

Zhilina et al. 2023, VL211.
Natranaeroarchaeum
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y. , Yakimov Michail M.
Published: September 2024

Natr.an.aer.o.ar.chae'um N.L. neut. n.
natron
, soda; from Arabic n.
natrun
, soda, sodium carbonate; Gr. pref.
an
‐, not (here: inseparable prefix); Gr. masc. n.
aêr
air; Gr. masc. adj.
archaîos
, ancient; N.L. neut. n.
Natranaeroarchaeum
, anaerobic natronophilic archaeon.

Halobacteriota / Halobacteria / Halobacteriales / Natronoarchaeaceae / Natranaeroarchaeum

The genus
Natranaeroarchaeum
is classified as a member of the family
Natronoarchaeaceae
, order
Halobacteriales
, and class
Halobacteria
, according to phylogenomic analyses. It includes extremely halophilic and facultatively aerobic, obligately alkaliphilic, and saccharolytic archaea, capable of anaerobic sulfur respiration with sugars and starch as carbon and energy sources. The genus currently includes two species, the type species
Natranaeroarchaeum sulfidigenes
and
Natranaeroarchaeum aerophilum
, originating from hypersaline soda lakes. The DNA G + C content is 60.8–61.0 (whole‐genome sequences). The genus three‐letter abbreviation is
Naa
.

DNA G
 + 
C content (%)
: 60.8–61.0 (whole‐genome sequences of type strains).

Type species
:
Natranaeroarchaeum sulfidigenes
Sorokin et al. 2022a, VL211.
The prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms and correlation with MRI findings in CADASIL patients
Authors: Bai Li , Yan HaoTian , Guo Yu , Shan Yong , Peng Qing , Jin Haiqiang , Sun Yunchuang , Li Fan , Sun Wei , Zhang Wei , Zhang Zihao , Wang Zhaoxia , Yuan Yun , Ling Chen
Published: September 2024

Objective

To assess the prevalence, timing, and functional impact of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) and to assess whether these neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of the patients.

Methods

Our study included a total of 78 patients with CADASIL. To assess neuropsychiatric symptoms, we evaluated the caregivers using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Patients were considered to have an irritability, depression, apathy, aggression, or anxiety disorder if they scored ≥1 in the NPI. Subsequently, we conducted a more detailed assessment of irritability, depression, apathy, aggression, and anxiety. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to analyze the relationships between neuropsychiatric symptoms and clinical/MRI features in the patients.

Results

Overall, 57.69% of patients with CADASIL experienced neuropsychiatric symptoms. Among these symptoms, irritability was the most prevalent (52.56%), followed by depression (19.23%), apathy (17.95%), aggression (7.69%), and anxiety (6.41%). The mean age of onset for irritability was the youngest, followed by anxiety, apathy, aggression, and depression. Among patients with both stroke/TIA and neuropsychiatric symptoms, 31.03% reported experiencing neuropsychiatric symptoms prior to stroke/TIA. Furthermore, both irritability and apathy had a negative impact on the patients' daily functioning. Additionally, there was a correlation between the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms and the patients' MRI lesion burden.

Interpretation

Our study has discovered that neuropsychiatric symptoms are highly prevalent in patients with CADASIL and may occur before cerebrovascular events, suggesting that neuropsychiatric symptoms of CADASIL deserve more attention and earlier exploration.
Hyperbranched Vanillin‐Based Composite Coating: Achieve Efficient Icephobicity in High Humidity and Dynamic Environments
Authors: Wang Xiangzhao , Huang Xiaobin , Tian Linchuan , Ji Zemin , Sheng Haoqiang , Xu Shiyu , Li Xiaofei , Liu Hong
Published: September 2024

Despite tremendous advancements in icephobic coating technology, icephobic efficacy frequently declines or completely disappears in low temperatures, high humidity, and dynamic environments. Here, a hyperbranched vanillin‐based composite coating with efficient icephobic properties (HVIC) is prepared by combining vanillin‐based phosphazene compounds with oil‐stored SiO2 through imine bonds‐ HVIC exhibits excellent hydrophobicity, with a water sliding angle of 9°. This coating's exceptional slippery performance imparts outstanding non‐adhesive, self‐cleaning characteristics, and deicing properties (τice: 8.2 kPa). It is noteworthy that HVIC performs exceptional anti‐icing and anti‐frosting in low‐temperature and high humidity environments. Compared with superhydrophobic coatings (SHC), the icing delay time of HVIC is 9.1 times that of SHC, and the frosting time is extended by roughly 300%. Most importantly, the HVIC‐treated propeller experienced two ice‐shedding events during the 200s dynamic icing test, while SHC completely lost its icephobic performance. This excellent dynamic icephobic performance can ensure the normal operation of the equipment while reducing energy consumption. The HVIC also exhibits significant UV shielding, antibacterial, flame retardant, self‐healing, and recyclability properties. The HVIC is regarded as having significant potential for application due to its easy and scalable approach.
Polyphenol‐Based Self‐Assembled Nanomedicine for a Three‐Pronged Approach to Reversing Tumor Immunosuppression
Authors: Li Zimu , Chen Zirui , Shi Kexin , Huang Ping , Zeng Wenfeng , Huang Qili , Peng Jingwen , Yang Li , Chen Hongzhong , Zhao Yanli , Zeng Xiaowei
Published: September 2024

The challenges of multi‐pathway immune resistance and systemic toxicity caused by the direct injection of immune checkpoint inhibitors are critical factors that compromise the effectiveness of clinical immune checkpoint blockade therapy. In this context, natural polyphenols have been employed as the primary component to construct a targeted and acid‐responsive PD‐L1 antibody (αPD‐L1) delivery nanoplatform. This platform incorporates garcinol, an inhibitor of the Nuclear Factor Kappa‐B (NF‐κB) signaling pathway, to regulate pro‐tumor immune escape cytokines and regulatory T cells. Additionally, the nanoplatform has been verified to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), which promotes the maturation of dendritic cells and enhances the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In vivo and in vitro experimental results demonstrated that the nanoplatform can boost the immune response through a PD‐L1 and NF‐κB blocking/ICD inducing three‐pronged strategy, thereby effectively combating tumor growth and metastasis.
Single‐Atom Iridium Nanozyme‐Based Persistent Luminescence Nanoparticles for Multimodal Imaging‐Guided Combination Tumor Therapy
Authors: Li Yang , Wu Shu‐Qi , Nan Fang , Deng Wei , Li Kaixuan , Jarhen Nur , Zhou Yitong , Ma Qianli , Qu Yuanyuan , Chen Chaoxiang , Ren Yujing , Yin Xue‐Bo
Published: September 2024

Persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) can achieve autofluorescence‐free afterglow imaging, while near‐infrared (NIR) emission realizes deep tissue imaging. Nanozymes integrate the merits of nanomaterials and enzyme‐mimicking activities with simple preparation. Here PLNPs are prepared of Zn1.2Ga1.6Ge0.2O4:Cr0.0075 with NIR emission at 700 nm. The PLNPs are then incubated with IrCl3 solution, and the nanoparticles are collected and annealed at 750 °C to obtain iridium@PLNPs. Iridium is observed on the PLNPs at the atomic level as a single‐atom nanozyme with peroxidase‐like catalytic activity, photothermal conversion, and computed tomography (CT) contrast capability. After coating with exosome membrane (EM), the Ir@PLNPs@EM composite exhibits long‐lasting NIR luminescence, peroxidase‐like catalytic activity, photothermal conversion, and CT contrast capability, with the targeting capability and biocompatibility from EM. Thus, NIR afterglow/photothermal/CT trimodal imaging‐guided photothermal‐chemodynamic combination therapy is realized as validated with the in vitro and in vivo inhibition of tumor growth, while toxicity and side effects are avoided as drug‐free treatment. This work offers a promising avenue for advanced single‐atom nanozyme@PLNPs to promote the development of nanozymes and PLNPs for clinical applications.
Advancements in NADH Oxidase Nanozymes: Bridging Nanotechnology and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Li Dan , He Juyang , Ding Guanyu , Xin Yan , Feng Fan , Ma Shuaining , Lin Lu , Wang Erkang , Wang Jin
Published: September 2024

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidase (NOX) is key in converting NADH to NAD+, crucial for various biochemical pathways. However, natural NOXs are costly and unstable. NOX nanozymes offer a promising alternative with potential applications in bio‐sensing, antibacterial treatments, anti‐aging, and anticancer therapies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the types, functional mechanisms, biomedical applications, and future research perspectives of NOX nanozymes. It also addresses the primary challenges and future directions in the research and development of NOX nanozymes, underscoring the critical need for continued investigation in this promising area. These challenges include optimizing the catalytic efficiency, ensuring biocompatibility, and achieving targeted delivery and controlled activity within biological systems. Additionally, the exploration of novel materials and hybrid structures holds great potential for enhancing the functional capabilities of NOX nanozymes. Future research directions can involve integrating advanced computational modeling with experimental techniques to better understand the underlying mechanisms and to design more effective nanozyme candidates. Collaborative efforts across disciplines such as nanotechnology, biochemistry, and medicine will be essential to unlock the full potential of NOX nanozymes in future biomedical applications.
Robust Electric‐Field Control of Colossal Exchange Bias in CrI3 Homotrilayer
Authors: Niu Yuting , Liu Zhen , Wang Ke , Ai Wanlei , Gong Tao , Liu Tao , Bi Lei , Zhang Gang , Deng Longjiang , Peng Bo
Published: September 2024

Controlling exchange bias (EB) by electric fields is crucial for next‐generation magnetic random access memories and spintronics with ultralow energy consumption and ultrahigh speed. Multiferroic heterostructures have been traditionally used to electrically control EB and interfacial ferromagnetism through weak/indirect coupling between ferromagnetic and ferroelectric films. However, three major bottlenecks (lattice mismatch, interface defects, and weak/indirect coupling in multiferroic heterostructures) remain, resulting in only a few tens of milli‐tesla EB field. Here, this study reports a robust electric‐field control recipe to dynamically tailor the EB effect in a pure CrI3 homotrilayer on a ferroelectric Y‐doped HfO2 (HYO) substrate, and demonstrate a colossal and tunable EB field (HE) from −0.15 to +0.33 T, giving rise to an EB modulation of 0.48 T. The charge doping due to ferroelectric HYO film divides a homo‐configuration of CrI3 homotrilayer into one antiferromagnetic (AFM) bilayer CrI3 and one ferromagnetic (FM) monolayer CrI3, favoring direct exchange coupling. The synergies of charge doping and electric field induce a transition of magnetic orders from AFM to FM phase in bilayer CrI3, which is also supported by first‐principles calculations, leading to the robust electric control of colossal EB effect. The results therefore open numerous opportunities for exploring 2D spintronics, memories, and braininspired in‐memory computing.
Lateral Heterostructures Fabricated via Artificial Pressure Gradient
Authors: Li Chen , Liu Ke , Yan Huacai , Zhang Long , Jiang Dequan , Wen Ting , Yue Binbin , Wang Yonggang
Published: September 2024

Hydrostatic conditions are generally pursued in high‐pressure research, maintained to prevent the intrinsic pressure gradient on the culets of diamond anvil cells (DACs) from introducing heterogeneity to the structure and physical properties of the regulated materials. Here, a pioneering route to fabricate lateral heterostructures is proposed via artificial pressure gradients intentionally designed in DACs. Under the tailored pressure gradients, different structural phases emerge in distinct parts of the material, resulting in the formation of heterostructures. Harnessing the polymorphic transition nature of violet phosphorus under high pressure, violet/blue and violet/black phosphorus lateral heterostructures with different electrical properties have been successfully prepared by the pressure gradient method. This achievement highlights the potential of artificial pressure gradients as a portable and universal strategy for the fabrication of lateral heterostructures, shedding new light on the preparation and regulation of lateral heterostructures across a wider range of materials.
Electrolyte Solvation Engineering Stabilizing Anode‐Free Sodium Metal Battery With 4.0 V‐Class Layered Oxide Cathode
Authors: Zou Yeguo , Zhang Baodan , Luo Haiyan , Yu Xiaoyu , Yang Meiling , Zheng Qizheng , Wang Junhao , Jiao Chenyang , Chen Yilong , Zhang Haitang , Xue Jiyuan , Kuai Xiaoxiao , Liao Hong‐Gang , Ouyang Chuying , Ning Ziyang , Qiao Yu , Sun Shi‐Gang
Published: September 2024

Anode‐free sodium metal batteries (AFSMBs) are regarded as the “ceiling” for current sodium‐based batteries. However, their practical application is hindered by the unstable electrolyte and interfacial chemistry at the high‐voltage cathode and anode‐free side, especially under extreme temperature conditions. Here, an advanced electrolyte design strategy based on electrolyte solvation engineering is presented, which shapes a weakly solvating anion‐stabilized (WSAS) electrolyte by balancing the interaction between the Na+‐solvent and Na+‐anion. The special interaction constructs rich contact ion pairs (CIPs) /aggregates (AGGs) clusters at the electrode/electrolyte interface during the dynamic solvation process which facilitates the formation of a uniform and stable interfacial layer, enabling highly stable cycling of 4.0 V‐class layered oxide cathode from −40 °C to 60 °C and excellent reversibility of Na plating/stripping with an ultrahigh average CE of 99.89%. Ultimately, industrial multi‐layer anode‐free pouch cells using the WSAS electrolyte achieve 80% capacity remaining after 50 cycles and even deliver 74.3% capacity at −30 °C. This work takes a pivotal step for the further development of high‐energy‐density Na batteries.
Polyphenylene‐Based Anion Exchange Membranes with Robust Hydrophobic Components Designed for High‐Performance and Durable Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers Using Non‐PGM Anode Catalysts
Authors: Liu Fanghua , Miyatake Kenji , Mahmoud Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed , Yadav Vikrant , Xian Fang , Guo Lin , Wong Chun Yik , Iwataki Toshio , Shirase Yuto , Kakinuma Katsuyoshi , Uchida Makoto
Published: September 2024

Alkaline‐stable, highly conductive anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are attentively expected solid polymer electrolytes that contribute to achieving high performance and durability for anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs). The technical challenges of AEMs mainly stem from the degradation of the polymer backbones, side chains, and anchoring cationic groups. Herein, new and stable AEMs (QTAF) are designed using 3,3′′‐dichloro‐2′,5′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐1,1′:4′,1′′‐terphenyl (TFP) monomers as the hydrophobic component incorporated into the polyphenylene backbone and 3,3′‐(2,7‐dichloro‐9H‐fluorene‐9,9‐diyl)bis(N,N‐dimethylpropane‐1‐amine) (AF) monomers as the hydrophilic component. After tuning the copolymer composition, the highest hydroxide ion conductivity (168.7 mS cm−1 at 80 °C) is achieved with the QTAF‐3.0 membrane. The QTAF‐3.0 membrane survives in harsh alkaline conditions (8 M KOH solution, 80 °C), with high conductivity (75.8 mS cm−1) after 810 h. A water electrolysis cell with QTAF‐3.0 membrane and non‐noble Ni0.8Co0.2O anode catalyst operates stably at a constant current density (1.0 A cm−2) for 1000 h with a negligible voltage increase rate of 1.1 µV h−1 after the initial voltage increase. The water electrolysis performance of the post‐tested QTAF‐3.0 cell is 1.83 V, only a 6.4% increase from the initial performance at 2.0 A cm−2, suggesting the high potential of the QTAF‐3.0 membrane for practical AEMWE applications.
AS‐XAI: Self‐Supervised Automatic Semantic Interpretation for CNN
Authors: Sun Changqi , Xu Hao , Chen Yuntian , Zhang Dongxiao
Published: September 2024

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) aims to develop transparent explanatory approaches for “black‐box” deep learning models. However, it remains difficult for existing methods to achieve the trade‐off of the three key criteria in interpretability, namely, reliability, understandability, and usability, which hinder their practical applications. In this article, we propose a self‐supervised automatic semantic interpretable explainable artificial intelligence (AS‐XAI) framework, which utilizes transparent orthogonal embedding semantic extraction spaces and row‐centered principal component analysis (PCA) for global semantic interpretation of model decisions in the absence of human interference, without additional computational costs. In addition, the invariance of filter feature high‐rank decomposition is used to evaluate model sensitivity to different semantic concepts. Extensive experiments demonstrate that robust and orthogonal semantic spaces can be automatically extracted by AS‐XAI, providing more effective global interpretability for convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and generating human‐comprehensible explanations. The proposed approach offers broad fine‐grained extensible practical applications, including shared semantic interpretation under out‐of‐distribution (OOD) categories, auxiliary explanations for species that are challenging to distinguish, and classification explanations from various perspectives. In a systematic evaluation by users with varying levels of AI knowledge, AS‐XAI demonstrated superior “glass box” characteristics.