bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La révision de la loi chinoise relative à la protection des intérêts du consommateur
Authors: Shi Jiayou
Published: March 2019

Avec le développement de l’économie de marché, le gouvernement chinois a progressivement pris conscience dès la fin des années 1980 de l’importance de la protection des consommateurs. Par conséquent, la «Loi relative à la protection des intérêts du consommateur » a été promulguée en octobre 1993. Or, vingt ans après la naissance de cette loi, la Chine a connu une évolution profonde de la conjoncture économique et sociale, il était nécessaire de réviser la Loi afin d’améliorer le régime de protection du consommateur. Ainsi, l’organe législatif chinois a adopté le projet de révision en octobre 2013, entré en vigueur le 15 mars 2014. Cette révision a pour but de renforcer les droits du consommateur et de s’adapter aux nouvelles données économiques et sociales. Le renforcement des droits du consommateur dans la nouvelle Loi se réalise par l’amélioration de la situation du consommateur et le renforcement des devoirs du professionnel. La révision apporte de nouveaux droits au consommateur, y compris des droits patrimoniaux et des droits extra-patrimoniaux, notamment le droit aux données personnelles et la dignité humaine. Le renforcement des devoirs du professionnel se manifeste par le contrôle des clauses abusives et l’aggravation de la responsabilité du professionnel. La nouvelle loi chinoise apporte d’ailleurs de nouveaux dispositifs afin de s’adapter au contexte du commerce électronique et de renforcer l’effectivité du mécanisme du règlement des différends survenant en matière de consommation. La nouvelle Loi ajoute aussi une fonction importante aux associations de consommateurs puisqu’elles sont désormais habilitées à intenter une action dans l’intérêt du public ; or, elle n’a pas pu préciser certains aspects essentiels de cette action, notamment quant aux modalités de son exercice. En conclusion, la nouvelle Loi chinoise de 2013 a pu apporter des modifications significatives à l’ancienne Loi ; néanmoins, elle laisse également des ambiguïtés, qui devront être éclaircies et complétées par l’interprétation qu’en feront les tribunaux chinois dans leur mise en oeuvre.
Le mariage mout’a et le droit international
Authors: Bouaoun Melynda
Published: March 2019

Le mariage mout’a est reconnu par les musulmans chiites mais il est fermement rejeté par les sunnites. Il reste ainsi très controversé au sein même du monde musulman. La nature juridique et les effets d’un tel mariage en droit musulman seront étudiés. Toutefois, ce sont ses enjeux socio-économiques qui méritent d’être relevés dans une société qui réprimande sévèrement l’acte sexuel conclu en dehors des liens du mariage. Aussi, une analyse de ce mariage sur le plan du droit international privé sera t-elle menée. S’il est évident que le mariage mout’a ne peut être célébré directement et reconnu comme tel sur le territoire Franҫais, la situation est plus nuancée s’il est conclu par des étrangers dans leur pays d’origine qui reconnaît un tel mariage. Sera-t-il reconnu en France, pays de la nouvelle résidence des époux ? Contrairement aux autorités françaises, les autorités suisses ont déjà été confrontées à cette question. Mais la solution proposée nous semble critiquable. C’est une toute autre solution que nous préconisons dans ce présent article.
L’infidélité sans adultère à l’époque d’internet – Une comparaison entre la France et l’Italie
Authors: Olivero Luciano
Published: March 2019

L’étude examine le traditionnel binôme fidélité -adultère dans les systèmes français et italien et à la lumière des nouvelles formes de «télétrahison » facilitées par la moderne société de l’informatique. Une jurisprudence qui remonte au XIXe siècle avait déjà posé le problème de l’infidélité privée de sa base physique, en parlant de liaisons intellectuelles, spirituelles, platoniques. Cette question revient impétueusement d’actualité grâce à internet. Internet, toutefois, ne brise pas seulement le rapport entre adultère et infidélité ; l’idée même d’infidélité vient de se modifier. On peut dire qu’elle se dématérialise en s’approchant de plus en plus de la notion de déloyauté envers le conjoint, tant en France qu’en Italie ; mais entre les deux systèmes persistent et paressent, de temps en temps, des résistances et des différences que cet essai met en évidence.
Le débat sur l’action collective en Europe : ils n’ont rien appris, ni rien oublié ?
Authors: Nagy Csongor István
Published: March 2019

Cet article examine l’approche européenne sur le recours collectif. Premièrement, il démontre que, concernant les petites créances, l’introduction du recours collectif est nécessaire et le système opt-out est préférable. Deuxièmement, il examine le problème de la «représentation sans procuration » et démontre que ce n’est pas incompatible avec les exigences constitutionnelles, ni avec les traditions juridiques européennes. L’article montre que le recours collectif opt-out est faisable et ne causerait aucune multiplication de recours contentieux, ni aucune opportunité de chantage pour le représentant du groupe. Troisièmement, il démontre que la question centrale du recours collectif est le financement et le droit devrait fournir une prime de risque au représentant du groupe.
A New Species of Philodendron (Araceae) from Sucre Department, Colombia
Authors: Percy Beltrán José Jorge , Carrascal Prasca Dairo , Croat Thomas B.
Published: March 2019

A new species, Philodendron montemariense Croat, J. J. Percy & Carrascal, is described from the Reserva Forestal Protectora Serranía de Coraza, in the department of Sucre, Colombia. The species is a member of subgenus Philodendron, section Philodendron, series Fibrosa Croat. It is most similar to P. asplundii Croat & M. L. Soares, but has stems with fewer persisting cataphyll fibers and more broadly ovate leaf blades, which typically dry gray above and grayish yellow-green below, and which have fewer primary lateral veins that are undulated on the upper surface when dried.
Morphological priming without semantic relationship in Hebrew spoken word recognition
Authors: Geary Jonathan , Ussishkin Adam
Published: March 2019

We report on an auditory masked priming study designed to test the contributions of semantics and morphology to spoken word recognition in Hebrew. Thirty-one native Hebrew speakers judged the lexicality of Hebrew words that were primed by words which either share their root morpheme and a transparent semantic relationship with the target (e.g. poreʦ פּורץ ‘burglar’ priming priʦa פּריצה ‘burglary’) or share their root morpheme but lack a transparent semantic relationship with the target (e.g. mifraʦ מפרץ ‘gulf’ priming priʦa פּריצה ‘burglary’). We found facilitatory priming by both types of morphological relatives, supporting that semantic overlap is not required for morphological priming in Hebrew spoken word recognition. Thus, our results extend the findings of Frost, Forster, & Deutsch’s (1997) Experiment 5 to the auditory modality, while avoiding confounds between root priming and Hebrew’s abjad orthography associated with the visual masked priming paradigm. Further, our results are inconsistent with models of word processing which treat morphological priming as reflecting form and semantic coactivation, and instead support an independent role for root morphology in Hebrew lexical processing.
Severing idiosyncratic case from the lexical verb in Uyghur-Chinese code switching
Authors: Sugar Alexander , Abulimiti Zaoreguli
Published: March 2019

This paper discusses case marking in mixed verbs in Uyghur-Chinese code switching, where a lexical verb from Mandarin Chinese is combined with a light verb from Uyghur. In mixed verbs containing a Chinese verb whose Uyghur translational equivalent idiosyncratically selects a dative object, the mixed verb also selects a dative object. We analyze this fact by proposing that dative arguments are introduced by an applicative head (Cuervo 2003) whose presence is required by a little head selecting for certain types of roots along the lines of Merchant (2018).
A typological perspective on nominal concord
Authors: Norris Mark
Published: March 2019

This paper reports some of the results of the largest typological study of nominal concord to date. The sample contains 174 languages from 105 distinct families. Concord is found in 59.2% of languages in the sample. I demonstrate a number of tendencies among languages with concord: (i) number concord is the most common type, (ii) gender concord is common among languages with gender, (iii) case concord is relatively rare and almost never occurs alone, and (iv) it is more common to have concord on both adjectives and demonstratives than on just one or the other.
High-frequency initialisms: Evidence for Singaporean English stress
Authors: Ng E-Ching
Published: March 2019

In light of recent findings that Singlish (Colloquial Singaporean English) makes use of three densely distributed tones in its intonation, it has been suggested that this variety of English may lack stress. Here I show that initialisms such as NTUC (National Trade Unions Congress) display tonal variation which cannot be explained straightforwardly in terms of lexical access routes, but indicate recursive prosodic word structures linked to lexical frequency. This analysis is supported by frequency counts and acoustic measurements, and represents not only evidence of stress in Singlish, but multiple levels of stress.
Lexicalizing disjunction scope
Authors: Dawson Virginia
Published: March 2019

Tiwa (Tibeto-Burman; India) has two disjunctive particles, which give rise to different interpretations in sentences with other operators. I argue that this semantic distinction is not one of inclusive vs. exclusive disjunction, but one of scope. I provide an analysis that captures this scopal distinction: one particle lexicalizes a choice function variable (subject to existential closure high in the structure), and the other lexicalizes an alternative-set former which interacts with higher operators. I also show that wide scope disjunction in Tiwa behaves differently from wide scope readings of English "or", and suggest that they warrant different analyses.
Peaches and eggplants or. . . something else? The role of context in emoji interpretations
Authors: Weissman Benjamin
Published: March 2019

This paper presents the results of an experiment designed to measure interpretations of two emojis oft-discussed in popular culture, the eggplant and the peach. The experiment asked people to judge how sexual an emoji-containing text message was. The context surrounding these messages was manipulated across experimental conditions, altering both the preceding discourse and the presence of a sentence-final wink emoji. Unsurprisingly, the baseline interpretation of both the eggplant and peach emoji is euphemism. When one of these emojis is used in a context that strongly biases towards the non-euphemistic interpretation, ratings for sexualness decrease and variability increases. This suggests that participants are still able to access non-euphemistic interpretations of these emojis, but it must be under specific circumstances and will nonetheless come with a high degree of variability. Wink emojis added to messages containing non-euphemistic food emojis were also rated as more highly sexual (albeit still low on the rating scale), indicating an affective role for this emoji.
Dialects "haven’t got to" be the same: modal microvariation in English
Authors: Stockwell Richard , Schütze Carson T.
Published: March 2019

This paper concerns itself with dialectal differences between British Eng-lish (BrE) and American English (AmE) regarding modal have-got and its scope with respect to sentential negation. Modal haven’t got is perfectly acceptable in BrE, meaning ‘not obligated to’ in the standard variety. In AmE, modal have-got is somewhat degraded when the have has unambiguously raised, and especially so when it is negated, as shown in a preliminary acceptability judgement survey of American English speakers. An analysis in terms of polarity sensitivity is inadequate, and Iatridou & Zeijlstra’s (2013) syntax for modals is overly restrictive in the face of scopally ambiguous have not (got) to in non-standard varieties of BrE. We propose an analysis in terms of the locus of modality: whereas have and got are separate in BrE, in AmE have-got is a scopally indivisible whole. Finally, we evaluate how well this analysis extends to an additional dialectal difference in verb phrase ellipsis (LeSourd 1976), where the have of have-got survives ellipsis in BrE but not AmE.
Linguistic entrenchment and the effect of subjective lexical familiarity in Korean /n/-insertion
Authors: Song Jiyeon , Dalola Amanda
Published: March 2019

Korean shows variable /n/-insertion between a morpheme-final consonant and the initial /i/ or /j/ of a following morpheme. Literature has shown that the appearance of the phenomenon can be affected by various parameters, including social and phonological factors. Exemplar theory contends that a word’s susceptibility to language variation correlates directly with its word frequency, a unitary frequency measure based on a corpus (Pierrehumbert 2001; Bybee 2002). However, given that individuals have different language experience, word frequency rarely addresses individual differences in the same way that self-rated measures of word frequency, known as subjective lexical familiarity, do. This research investigates whether and how the metric of self-rated lexical familiarity affects Korean /n/-insertion. Results indicate that subjective lexical familiarity significantly predicts the appearance of /n/-insertion, such that words more familiar to the speaker show /n/-insertion more often than those that are less familiar.
Evidence for perceptual hypercorrection in American r-dissimilation: A pilot study
Authors: Hall Nancy , Godinez Bianca , Walsh Megan , Orellana Irene , Villegas Coleen
Published: March 2019

We tested Ohala's (1993) theory that dissimilation results from perceptual hypercorrection for assimilation. We created nonce words by splicing syllables containing /r/ to continuations that either did or did not contain another /r/. When listeners were asked to type these nonce words, they were significantly more likely to omit the first /r/ if there was a later /r/. This is consistent with Ohala’s claim that one rhotic can perceptually mask the presence of another rhotic. The patterns of r-dropping mimics the characteristics of real English r-dissimilation, in which speakers tend to drop the first /r/ from words like surprise. We argue that perceptual errors are a plausible cause of the actuation of r-dissimilation, although other articulatory or processing constraints may contribute to its persistence.
HEDONIC ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING SALES PRICE OF FLATTED FACTORY UNITS: EVIDENCE FROM KOREA
Authors: Oh Saejoon
Published: March 2019

Recently flatted factories have drawn attention as investment goods from developers and investors. The strengths and merits of these investments are that they are low priced and less strictly regulated. The purpose of this study is to empirically analyse the factors affecting the price of flatted factories by using the real transacted sales prices of 785 flatted factory units in Seoul and Gyeong-gi Province, Korea. A Hedonic Price Model (HPM) is employed for the study. The result finds that the price of flatted factories is affected by various factors: Location, Property, and Unit characteristics. In addition, the result outlines that flatted factories have commercial and industrial characteristics of both office buildings and factories. The result confirms that flatted factory price is affected by both industrial transportation accessibility and local transportation convenience. It also finds that property characteristics, such as gross area, age of the building, ratio of amenity facilities, core location, and parking space count are significant factors affecting the value. Moreover, the availability of floor level and two balcony unit types significantly relates to the price. Based on the results, it is also verified that the price of flatted factories is affected by factors similar to those of apartments or office buildings. This means that price decision factors of commercial and residential properties should be considered.
WHY CONFLICTS OCCUR IN ROADS AND TUNNELS PROJECTS IN NORWAY
Authors: Sabri Omar K. , Lædre Ola , Bruland Amund
Published: March 2019

Conflicts within the Norwegian construction industry have reached unacceptable levels. The grievance of these disputes, whether it is the number of conflicts or the expense involved in these conflicts, is under discussion. This article examines the reasons for these conflicts in a comprehensive and inclusive manner. Twenty-five respondents with expertise and understanding of most conflicts in the Norwegian construction industry were interviewed. Results from a questionnaire sent to 1799 contractors have also been included in this study. Sixteen reasons for disputes were identified out of which four comprised the root causes. Tender specification and contract understanding came in first followed by “final settlement-payment related”, corroborating previous findings. The third and fourth root causes of conflicts were “low priced contracts” and “changes in projects” respectively. Our findings point to design deficiencies and defective contract plans as significant causes of conflicts, confirming the view of construction experts. The third root cause of conflicts might explicate some aspects of the first and second major causes of disputes. It is also important to mention that though this is the general view, one can also see how every group involved in this study interpret major causes of conflicts. Our findings also point to “communication between clients and contractor”, “carried out quantities” and “client restriction to time extension” as among the chief causes of conflicts, confirming the view of construction experts. Client understanding of contractors’ anxiety and quest for sound contracting process are aspects that Norwegian clients are currently engaging in, for the sake of conflict reduction and prevention in future construction projects.
RADYNVERSION: Learning to Invert a Solar Flare Atmosphere with Invertible Neural Networks
Authors: Osborne Christopher M. J. , Armstrong John A. , Fletcher Lyndsay
Published: March 2019

During a solar flare, it is believed that reconnection takes place in the corona followed by fast energy transport to the chromosphere. The resulting intense heating strongly disturbs the chromospheric structure and induces complex radiation hydrodynamic effects. Interpreting the physics of the flaring solar atmosphere is one of the most challenging tasks in solar physics. Here we present a novel deep-learning approach, an invertible neural network, to understanding the chromospheric physics of a flaring solar atmosphere via the inversion of observed solar line profiles in Hα and Ca ii
λ8542. Our network is trained using flare simulations from the 1D radiation hydrodynamic code RADYN as the expected atmosphere and line profile. This model is then applied to single pixels from an observation of an M1.1 solar flare taken with the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope/CRisp Imaging SpectroPolarimeter instrument just after the flare onset. The inverted atmospheres obtained from observations provide physical information on the electron number density, temperature, and bulk velocity flow of the plasma throughout the solar atmosphere ranging from 0 to 10 Mm in height. The density and temperature profiles appear consistent with the expected atmospheric response, and the bulk plasma velocity provides the gradients needed to produce the broad spectral lines while also predicting the expected chromospheric evaporation from flare heating. We conclude that we have taught our novel algorithm the physics of a solar flare according to RADYN and that this can be confidently used for the analysis of flare data taken in these two wavelengths. This algorithm can also be adapted for a menagerie of inverse problems providing extremely fast (∼10 μs) inversion samples.
On [dis]play: Outlier resistance and the matter of racebending superhero cosplay
Authors: Kirkpatrick Ellen
Published: March 2019

A consideration of minoritarian fan responses to minoritarian representation within the Western mainstream superhero genre reveals that minoritarian representation within the genre—on and off page and screen—is notoriously problematic. Yet despite the absences, exclusions, and periodic hostility, the genre remains popular with minoritarian fans and audiences. But how do fans of color keep a beloved, yet often toxic, genre alive and meaningful? This essay considers this question by reviewing resistive and transgressive meaning-making strategies adopted by excluded and maligned superhero fans. Through the lenses of ethno- and Afrofuturism, it unpacks racebending cosplay: an embodied costuming practice—anchored in broader activist traditions of racebending—that reworks the source character's established race and ethnicity. Spotlighting lived experience as a distinguishing and critical aspect of resistance this essay witnesses how, by calling out and disrupting the whiteness of mainstream Western superhero culture, racebending cosplayers perform a powerful form of resistance.
How the Green Hornet became Chinese: Cross-racial mimicry and superhero localization in Hong Kong
Authors: Zhao Shan Mu
Published: March 2019

The Green Hornet television series (1966–67), with Bruce Lee in the role of Kato, the Green Hornet's sidekick, was broadcast in Hong Kong in 1968. In subsequent decades, characters referencing the Green Hornet emerged repeatedly in Hong Kong popular culture, and instead of being Anglo-American like the original Hornet, they have all been ethnically Chinese. Scholarship suggests that fans of color are excluded from identifying with or performing white characters based on their racialization; however, this does not appear to be the case for Hong Kong fans. I apply the concept of colonial mimicry to argue that Hong Kong fans arrived at ethnically Chinese inhabiting the Green Hornet by exploiting Kato's partial inclusion as an Asian American and as a sidekick. In addition, as a colonial audience, Hong Kong fans were well positioned to poach from a transcultural text such as The Green Hornet, and make this cross-racial move.
Mosaïques foncières en Arizona : paradoxe et complexités de la domination des terres publiques au pays de la propriété privée
Authors: Le Tourneau François-Michel
Published: March 2019

La structure foncière des États de l’Ouest américain, en particulier les plus récents, est fortement marquée par les processus pionniers qui ont pris place après l’annexion du Nord du Mexique par les États-Unis en 1848. Elle se caractérise notamment par une très forte proportion de terres publiques (fédérales ou d’État) et par une configuration dans laquelle les héritages du homesteading et des cessions de terres au profit des compagnies de chemin de fer sont encore très visibles. Mais un autre aspect des héritages de cette histoire est la complexité des droits de propriété et d’usage, l’empilement des agences responsables du patrimoine public et la multiplicité des échelles impliquées dans la gestion. L’État d’Arizona est un bon exemple de ces dynamiques. L’article s’attache donc à décrire l’émergence et l’emprise du foncier privé, l’histoire et les catégories de foncier public avant de pointer les difficultés posées par la configuration actuelle et les impasses qu’elle représente pour l’action au niveau local.
A User Study of Virtual Reality for Visualizing Digitized Canadian Cultural Objects
Authors: Garcia-Ruiz Miguel Angel , Santana-Mancilla Pedro Cesar , Gaytan-Lugo Laura Sanely
Published: March 2019

Algoma University holds an important collection of Canadian objects from the Anishinaabe culture dating from 1880. Some of those objects have been on display in the university's library, but most of them still remain stored in the university's archive, limiting opportunities to use them in teaching and learning activities. This chapter describes a research project focusing on digitizing and visualizing cultural artifacts using virtual reality (VR) technology, with the aim of supporting learning of Canadian heritage in cross-cultural courses. The chapter shows technical aspects of the objects' 3D digitization process and goes on to explain a user study with students watching a 3D model displayed on a low-cost VR headset. Results from the study show that visualization of the 3D model on the VR headset was effective, efficient, and satisfactory enough to use, motivating students to keep using it in further sessions. Technology integration of VR in educational settings is also analyzed and discussed.
Augmented, Mixed, and Virtual Reality Applications in Cause-Related Marketing (CRM)
Authors: Yang Kenneth C. C. , Kang Yowei
Published: March 2019

This chapter deals with emerging augmented, mixed, and virtual reality platforms and their applications in cause-related marketing (CRM) campaigns. This chapter provides definitions and examples of augmented, mixed, and virtual realities and explains their importance CRM professionals. Compared with traditional marketing platforms, reality-creating technologies are characterized with their capabilities to interact with marketing contents through their geolocation specificity, mobility, and synchronization of virtuality and reality. These technological characteristics have made reality-creating technologies very promising for many cause-related marketing (CRM) campaigns. This chapter surveys current discussions in the existing literature and ends with three cause-related marketing (CRM) campaigns. The study concludes with an overview of emerging issues, future directions, and professional best practice recommendations.
Organizational Change and Values Systems Alignment
Authors: Jackson Phil , Burnes Bernard
Published: March 2019

This chapter examines how the success of change initiatives can be increased by designing the change communication process to create alignment between the values underpinning the type of change, the values of the people implementing the change, and the values of the people affected by the change. The authors use Graves' ECLET values systems methodology to show how change agents can understand and identify the dominant values systems within the people and organizations they are working with, which will enable them to express change communication in a way that creates values systems alignment. The chapter begins by examining why change fails. It then moves on to describe Graves' work and then to provide examples of how it can be used to improve the success of change projects. The chapter concludes by suggesting key questions change agents need to ask when undertaking change initiatives.
Delivering Organizational Change in Partnership With Trade Unions
Authors: Greenwood Gaye A. , Ward Carolyn
Published: March 2019

This case history offers an insiders' view of bringing about change in union bargaining within major New Zealand organizations. While unions play a pivotal role in the day-to-day bargaining of wages and workplace conditions, there has been a significant reduction in union density and membership. In this case, two union leaders narrate how a shift from traditional bargaining to interest-based negotiation enabled participation in organizational change decision-making, built trust in relationships, and increased union membership.
Building an Integrated Architecture for Leadership Assessment and Development at PepsiCo
Authors: Church Allan H.
Published: March 2019

This reflective case history discusses the introduction of a fully integrated, evidence-based assessment and development process called the Leadership Assessment and Development (LeAD) program that focuses on identifying the best and brightest talent in PepsiCo and ensuring they achieve their full leadership potential. The author describes and critically reflects upon the program development journey with an emphasis on key challenges and learnings as well as results obtained on the capability, culture, and talent in the organization.
Physician Leadership Development at Tower Health System
Authors: O'Neil Judy , Duberman Tracy , Rubenstein Kimberly , Satlow Tara
Published: March 2019

Tower Health System (THS) of Reading, PA, USA recognized that physician leadership was needed for any transformation toward value-based care design and delivery. THS worked with The Leadership Development Group (TLD Group) to design the Applied Physician Leadership Academy™ (APLA™), which included interactive learning modules, assessment, coaching, and action learning. A needs assessment and interviews with key stakeholders informed content for the learning modules and the action learning projects. A pre- and post-program self-assessment and an emotional intelligence assessment were used for coaching sessions and personal development. Through APLA™, THS developed its existing physician leaders to manage change alongside health system executives. This reflective case history illustrates the incorporation of an evidence-based management approach in support of evidence-based organizational development practice.
Framing and Tropes in Organizational Change Practice
Authors: Loon Mark Kong Chew
Published: March 2019

There are two main parts to this reflective case history of evidence-based OCD practice. The first involves the use of framing in enhancing meaning and provoking action from the client, an automotive manufacturer in Malaysia. The second part, largely drawn from organizational change experience in Australia, is a reflection on the use of tropes in change project teams and with clients to facilitate communications and invoke new ways of thinking. Both “evidence” and experience play an important role in the two stories. Through reflection, insights and lessons learned are presented that may help organizational change and development practitioners.
Changing Learning Paradigms in a Global Health Agency
Authors: Watkins Karen E. , Sadki Reda , Kim Kyoungshin , Suh Boyung
Published: March 2019

This case history describes a learning culture intervention initiative with an international rescue organization focused on expanding conceptions of learning from a traditional training approach to one focused on integrating informal and incidental learning approaches to create a learning culture. It reflects on the intervention process and outcomes and offers insights for evidenced-based practice.
Southeast Asia Tourism
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano , Handayani Bintang , Seraphin Hugues
Published: March 2019

The chapter starts from the assumption that in spite of the abundance of research about Southeast Asia, they are published by native English speakers such as Australians or Britons, instead of genuine Southeast Asians. In addition, they emulate long dormant discourses forged and used during the colonial rule to domesticate the non-Western “Other.” Alternating among the fields of heritage consumption, dark tourism, a post-colonial landscape, and of course the scourge of terrorism, these studies obscure more than they clarify – most probably replicating the essence of colonialism. This book aims to discuss new themes and horizons allowing youth researchers to produce knowledge from the bottom up.
An Impact Assessment of Goods and Services Tax in India Through Strategic Analysis Approach (SAA)
Authors: Tripathi Tripti , Dash Manoj Kumar
Published: March 2019

This chapter focuses on the need, requirements, implementation, challenges, and impact of the goods and services tax on the Indian economic scenario. The major stakeholders in the process are the Government of India (GOI), the individual states, the industry, the businesses, and the biggest tax reform since independence of India in 1947. Often considered as overdue, it seeks to remove the various shortcomings and the loopholes in the existing system of indirect taxation in the country. The GST bill saw more than a decade of political and economic upheaval in the country. Subsequently, it became an act on 8th September 2016. The various strategic analysis approach (SAA) of the GST mechanism (e.g., SWOT analysis, value chain analysis, PEST analysis, and SAP-LAP analysis) give an in-depth account of the various issues and potential challenges in the implementation of the GST.
Reliable Medical Image Communication in Healthcare IoT
Authors: Janakiraman Siva , Rajagopalan Sundararaman , Amirtharajan Rengarajan
Published: March 2019

Images have been widely used in the medical field for various diagnostic purposes. In the field of healthcare IoT, secure communication of a medical image concerned with an individual is a crucial task. Embedding patients' personal information as an invisible watermark in their medical images helps to authenticate the ownership identification process. Reliable communication of medical image can be thereby ensured concerning authentication and integrity. Images in DICOM format with a pixel resolution of 8-bit depth are used for medical diagnostics. This chapter deals about the development of a lightweight algorithm to insert patients' identities as an invisible watermark in random edge pixels of DICOM images. This chapter describes the implementation of the proposed lightweight watermarking algorithm on a RISC microcontroller suitable for healthcare IoT applications. Imperceptibility level of the watermarked medical image was analyzed besides its lightweight performance validation on the constrained IoT platform.
A Review of Different Techniques for Biomedical Data Security
Authors: Kaur Harminder , Pahuja Sharvan Kumar
Published: March 2019

The aging population is vulnerable to various illnesses and health conditions because with increase in age the people suffer from chronic disease. Quite often, they are partially handicapped due to their restricted mobility and their reduced mental abilities. To resolve these problems, health monitoring systems are designed for real-time monitoring of patients. WBAN use medical sensors for acquiring patient physiological data with wireless technologies to send data to healthcare providers. Due to wireless transmission, the chances of attacking and occurring security issues in the data are more. So, the security of the system is the main concern because the system consists of patient privacy concerns. Due to these reasons there is need of designing security algorithms to prevent data from being stolen by attackers. The aim of this chapter is to present a review of different attacks that occurred during transmission of data and security issues related to data. The chapter also describes different algorithms to prevent data from being stolen through various attacks and security issues.
Bernoulli's Chaotic Map-Based 2D ECG Image Steganography
Authors: Pandey Anukul , Saini Barjinder Singh , Singh Butta , Sood Neetu
Published: March 2019

Signal processing technology comprehends fundamental theory and implementations for processing data. The processed data is stored in different formats. The mechanism of electrocardiogram (ECG) steganography hides the secret information in the spatial or transformed domain. Patient information is embedded into the ECG signal without sacrificing the significant ECG signal quality. The chapter contributes to ECG steganography by investigating the Bernoulli's chaotic map for 2D ECG image steganography. The methodology adopted is 1) convert ECG signal into the 2D cover image, 2) the cover image is loaded to steganography encoder, and 3) secret key is shared with the steganography decoder. The proposed ECG steganography technique stores 1.5KB data inside ECG signal of 60 seconds at 360 samples/s, with percentage root mean square difference of less than 1%. This advanced 2D ECG steganography finds applications in real-world use which includes telemedicine or telecardiology.
Positioning the Normative Practice Approach
Authors: Hoogland Jan
Published: March 2019

The concept of social practices has received growing attention in interpretative social sciences. This concept is based on a long tradition of hermeneutical, interpretative, action-theoretical, pragmatist, and phenomenological theories in the social sciences, starting with Weber's famous definition of social action. In this chapter, some crucial stepping stones of this tradition are highlighted. In the line of these theories, a new approach of normative practices will be introduced, partially based on core philosophical insights of the Dutch philosopher Herman Dooyeweerd. Central features of this approach are 1) the multi-layered, intrinsically normative structure of social practices (constitutive side) and 2) the importance of regulative convictions, ideals, and attitudes leading the disclosure and development of those practices (regulative side).
Image Fusion Method and the Efficacy of Multimodal Cardiac Images
Authors: Fukami Tadanori , Wu Jin
Published: March 2019

Currently, there is no single type of medical image that provides an indispensable tool for clinical diagnosis and treatment: Rather, different imaging devices are used for different diseases. Each imaging device has both advantages and disadvantages. To provide a more complete picture and to improve accuracy in diagnosis, techniques that combine images taken by different imaging modalities have recently used more in clinical practice. In addition, researchers continue to develop these techniques. Previously, images taken by different devices at different times were integrated using image processing techniques. After the development of hybrid imaging devices that can connect two kinds of devices, complicated processing by software was reduced. In this chapter, the authors review some representative imaging modalities that are commonly used as diagnostic tools and discuss the use and efficacy of image fusion techniques for clinical use.
Cardiovascular Disease Prediction Using Data Mining Techniques
Authors: Kadam Kalyani , Kamat Pooja Vinayak , Malav Amita P.
Published: March 2019

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have turned out to be one of the life-threatening diseases in recent times. The key to effectively managing this is to analyze a huge amount of datasets and effectively mine it to predict and further prevent heart-related diseases. The primary objective of this chapter is to understand and survey various information mining strategies to efficiently determine occurrence of CVDs and also propose a big data architecture for the same. The authors make use of Apache Spark for the implementation.
Anticoagulation Options
Authors: Mazzeffi Michael , Lowery Ashleigh
Published: March 2019

There are multiple indications for anticoagulation in the cardiac surgery intensive care unit including cardiac valve replacement, mechanical circulatory pumps (ECMO and ventricular assist devices), deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis, treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, and treatment of other thrombotic conditions including pulmonary embolism. Anticoagulant medications broadly fall into two categories: antiplatelet drugs and inhibitors of protein clotting factors. In this chapter we will review anticoagulant medications, therapeutic drug monitoring, common indications for anticoagulation, and the risks associated with anticoagulation after cardiac surgery.
An API for Development of User-Defined Scheduling Algorithms in Aneka PaaS Cloud Software
Authors: Sandhu Rajinder , Toosi Adel Nadjaran , Buyya Rajkumar
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing provides resources using multitenant architecture where infrastructure is created from one or more distributed datacenters. Scheduling of applications in cloud infrastructures is one of the main research area in cloud computing. Researchers have developed many scheduling algorithms and evaluated them using simulators such as CloudSim. Their performance needs to be validated in real-time cloud environments to improve their usefulness. Aneka is one of the prominent PaaS software which allows users to develop cloud application using various programming models and underline infrastructure. This chapter presents a scheduling API developed for the Aneka software platform. Users can develop their own scheduling algorithms using this API and integrate it with Aneka to test their scheduling algorithms in real cloud environments. The proposed API provides all the required functionalities to integrate and schedule private, public, or hybrid cloud with the Aneka software.
Enabling Technologies for IoT
Authors: Krishnamurthi Rajalakshmi , Goyal Mukta
Published: March 2019

The internet of things (IoT) is a fast-growing paradigm gaining position in the modern scenario of communication. It targets to provide interconnection among different objects at any time, and anywhere on the earth, under the leverage of internet. IoT has exhibited the promising enhancement in almost all dimensions of the everyday human life scenarios. The IoT applications are smart energy systems, manufacturing services, industrial automation, healthcare, education, smart city, transportation, and security and surveillance. However, there are several issues associated with IoT objectives such as data traffic, security and privacy, data analytics, device localization, and scalability. In addition to this, the IoT objects are resource constrained in terms of memory, computing power, energy, storage, and networking capability. Hence, IoT systems need enabling technologies to overcome these challenges by means of cloud computing, big data, cyber physical systems, and block chain. This chapter discusses how these enabling technologies can be integrated with IoT and its challenges.
Effects of Building Orientation on Fatigue Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Produced by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Xu Rui Da , Yu Hui Chen
Published: March 2019

Addictive manufacturing (AM) allows for the layer-by-layer fabrication of components via sequential material deposition and it is of immediate interest in many applications, in particularly aviation field. This work is tackling the issue that the influence of the inner-defects and building orientations on the fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Alloys produced by Selective Laser Melting (SLM). Specimens were built in two orientations (horizontal and vertical to the substrate) in order to evaluate the impact of the induced anisotropy of fatigue properties. A series of fatigue tests at five stress ratios ranged from-1 to 0.8 are conducted at 400°C. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is used to examine the fracture surfaces of fatigue specimens to qualify the failure mechanism and crack initiation sites, which are most likely attached to the surface defects. The fracture surface analysis of HCF specimen tested at two temperatures reveals that near 85% of the crack initiates from the defect under subsurface. The results of this study imply that the fatigue properties at 400°C are highly dependent on the specimen orientations relative to build directions, as the defects close to surface are the mainly cause of the crack initiations.
A Novel Method to Predict the Mechanical Properties of DP600
Authors: Peng Yun Qiang , Cai Li Xun , Yao Di , Chen Hui , Han Guang Zhao
Published: March 2019

A small punch testing (SPT)-related stress-strain relation (SPT-SR) model is used to obtain the stress-strain curve of DP600 according to Chen-Cai equivalent energy method. And then the SPT and notched small punch testing (NSPT) specimens were simulated in order to determine the critical fracture criterion of DP600 on the basis of the stress-strain curve obtained by SPT-SR model. Lastly, the J resistance curve of small C-shaped inside edge-notched tension (CIET) specimen for DP600 dual-phase steel was successfully predicted based on the aforementioned fracture criterion.
Characterization of Mismatch Constraint Effect for the Central Crack Plate under Biaxial Loading
Authors: Peng Hui , Liu Ying Hua
Published: March 2019

The effects of biaxial loading and creep mismatch on creep fracture parameter C(t) and constraint effect are investigated for the plane strain central crack plate. The studied biaxialities in this paper are limited to the range of [-1,1]. Based on the three-term asymptotic solution for creep crack tip field, the higher-order terms coefficient parameter A2(t) is introduced to characterize the creep mismatch constraint effect. The impacts of loading level on the parameter A2(t) for different biaxialities and creep mismatch factors are also examined in this paper. The result shows that the steady creep fracture parameter C* decreases with the increments of mismatch factor and biaxiality B. The creep constraint parameter A2(t) is insensitive to loading level for the creep mismatch crack plate under biaxial loading. The steady creep constraint parameter increases with the increments of biaxialities and decreases as m increases, which indicates the higher under-match plate with higher biaxiality has higher creep constraint effect.
Crack Tip Stress Analysis of the Steam Generator Dissimilar Steel Welded Joint under Residual Stress Field
Authors: Zhu Bao Yin , Xia Xian Xi , Zheng He , Zhang Guo Dong
Published: March 2019

An typical mode of a structural integrity failure in dissimilar steel welded joints. This paper aims at studying crack tip stress of a steam generator dissimilar welded joint under residual stress field with the method of interaction integral and XFEM. Firstly, the corresponding weak form is obtained where the initial stress field is involved, which is the key step for the XFEM. Then, the interaction integral is applying to calculate the stress intensity factor. In addition, two simple benchmark problems are simulated in order to verify the precision of this numerical method. Finally, this numerical method is applying to calculate the crack tip SIF of the addressed problem. This study finds that the stress intensity factor increases firstly then decreases with the deepening of the crack. The main preponderance of this method concerns avoiding mesh update by take advantage of XFEM when simulating crack propagation, which could avoid double counting. In addition, our obtained results will contribute to the safe assessment of the nuclear power plant steam generator.
The Opportunities of Oil Palm Fronds Become a Commercial Liquid Smoke
Authors: Maulina Seri , Sinaga Fadhil Al Faruq
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study is to review the diversification process of oil palm fronds into commercial liquid smoke products. The pyrolysis process of oil palm fronds at 250 °C for 2h was performed to produce crude liquid smoke and followed distillation process at 125, 150, 175 and 200 °C for 15, 30, 45, and 60 min to separate tar as a contributor dark color in liquid smoke. By titration method, the distilled liquid smoke has 5.15% of acetic acid at pH = 2.3 and this result in accordance with FAO standard. The composition of an organic acid, carbonyl, and phenolic compounds were 45.46, 23.08, 29.60 percentages, respectively in distilled liquid smoke and classified as refined liquid smoke. These results indicated that liquid smoke generated from oil palm fronds has a good prospect as a commercial product and suitable for food preservative in the further study based on chemical characteristics.