bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Potential of Digital Technologies for Transforming Informed Consent Practices with Children and Young People in Social Research
Authors: Parsons Sarah
Published: December 2015

How children and young people understand and exercise their autonomy, engagement and decision-making is fundamental to learning how to become active and engaged citizens, and to be socially included. Digital technologies are increasingly an integral part of children’s everyday lives and, therefore, valuable tools for supporting social inclusion. This paper discusses how digital technologies might positively support autonomy, engagement and decision-making through the lens of informed consent practices within social research. Current research practices are dominated by paper-based methods for obtaining informed consent which could be exclusionary for children and young people generally, and children with additional learning and support needs in particular. Digital technologies (laptops, PCs, tablet devices, smartphones) offer the potential to support accessibility and understanding of ideas and activities, as well as engagement with and autonomy in decision-making and participation. This paper explores this potential as well as the challenges that researchers may face in this context.
A Black Swan in a Sea of White Noise: Using Technology-Enhanced Learning to Afford Educational Inclusivity for Learners with Asperger’s Syndrome
Authors: McDowell James
Published: December 2015

Against a backdrop of increasingly vocation-focussed course provision within higher education, of widening participation initiatives intended to promote greater inclusion for learners affected by learning difficulties, and of moves towards greater use of social and collaborative forms of learning, this paper discusses the case of an undergraduate Computing student affected by Asperger’s Syndrome (AS).While there is recognition in the literature of problems associated with face-to-face dialogue for persons affected by AS, there is a paucity of research both into the experience of students in higher education, and around the issue of participation in group-work activities increasingly found in creative aspects of computing. This paper highlights a tension between moves towards collaborative learning and UK disabilities legislation in relation to learners with AS. Employing a qualitative case-study methodology, the investigation revealed how a technology-enhanced learning intervention afforded an AS-diagnosed learner greater opportunities to participate in group-work in a higher education context. The findings suggest that not only can computer-mediated communications afford AS-diagnosed learners opportunities to participate meaningfully in group-work, but also that the learner demonstrated higher levels of collective-inclusive versus individual-exclusive phraseology than neurotypical peers, thereby challenging assumptions around participation in collaborative learning activities and assimilation of peer-feedback.
Triangulando corpus, tecnologia e cultura: ELC e EBRALC na UFU
Authors: Novodvorski Ariel , Fromm Guilherme
Published: December 2015

Este número da Revista de Estudos da Linguagem (RELIN) está voltado para a metodologia e a abordagem baseadas em corpora, e leva até o leitor textos oriundos de trabalhos advindos do XII Encontro de Linguística de Corpus (ELC) e da VII Escola Brasileira de Linguística Computacional (EBRALC). Os eventos foram realizados nas dependências do Instituto de Letras e Linguística (ILEEL) da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Minas Gerais, em novembro de 2014. Esses eventos contaram com o patrocínio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES –, da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais – FAPEMIG – e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos Linguísticos – PPGEL/ILEEL/UFU.
Extração de relações hiponímicas em um corpus de língua portuguesa
Authors: Machado Pablo Neves , Strube de Lima Vera Lúcia
Published: December 2015

Resumo: As relações hiponímicas são importantes na construção de estruturas de conhecimento, tais como ontologias ou taxonomias, para melhorar o processo de busca. O presente trabalho estuda em detalhe padrões para extração de relações hiponímicas com base em um corpus de língua portuguesa. Para tanto, toma como base os padrões específicos propostos por Hearst (1992), Freitas e Quental (2007) e Taba e Caseli (2014). Constrói, a partir desses padrões, regras que alimentam um protótipo, o qual as aplica a um corpus e extrai, como resultado, relações hiponímicas. Avaliadores humanos avaliam as relações extraídas, utilizando a escala proposta por Freitas e Quental. A precisão das extrações é compatível com as da literatura. O trabalho ainda apresenta um minucioso estudo quanto à produtividade dos padrões e quanto à avaliação das extrações.Palavras-chave: relações hiponímicas; extração de relações; padrões de extração de relações.Abstract: Hyponym relations are important in the building of knowledge structures such as ontologies or taxonomies to enhance the search process. This work studies patterns for extraction of hyponym relations from a specific Portuguese language corpus. It starts from selected patterns proposed by Hearst (1992), Freitas and Quental (2007), and Taba and Caseli (2014). From these patterns, it builds up rules that feed a prototype. This prototype applies them to the corpus and extracts, as a result, hyponym relations. Human evaluators assess the extracted relations, using the scale proposed by Freitas and Quental. Precision of the extractions is consistent with the literature. The paper also describes a detailed study on the productivity of the patterns and the assessment of the extractions.Keywords: Hyponym Relations; Relation Extraction; Relation Extraction Patterns.
O léxico do corpo e anotação de sentidos em grandes corpora: o projeto Esqueleto
Authors: Freitas Cláudia , Santos Diana , Mota Cristina , Carriço Bruno , Jansen Heidi
Published: December 2015

Resumo: Apresentamos aqui os resultados iniciais de um amplo estudo sobre o léxico do corpo humano e os seus sentidos, realizado por meio da anotação e revisão de corpora de grandes  dimensões. Ao longo do artigo explicitamos as decisões linguísticas subjacentes à anotação, relatamos o resultado de um estudo sobre as classes de anotação e exploramos o vasto material criado: um corpus de entrevistas (1,4 milhão de palavras) e um corpus literário (1,2 milhão de palavras) anotados e integralmente revistos, e demais corpora do projeto, parcialmente revistos. Todo o material está publicamente disponível para a comunidade.Palavras-chave: corpo humano; léxico; anotação semântica; corpus; descrição do português.Abstract: This paper presents the first results of a broad study regarding the lexicon of the human body. The study was based on the annotation of large corpora of Portuguese language. We explain the linguistic annotation choices, present the results of an agreement study and explore the material made available: a corpus of interviews (1.4 million words) and a literary corpus (1.2 million words) full annotated and revised, and the remained corpora partially revised. The whole material is publicly available.Keywords: Human Body; Lexicon; Sense Annotation; Corpus Linguistics; Portuguese.
O papel da pausa na segmentação prosódica de corpora de fala
Authors: Raso Tommaso , Mittmann Maryualê Malvessi , Mendes Anna Carolina Oliveira
Published: December 2015

Resumo: O trabalho apresenta uma análise da pausa silenciosa enquanto critério de segmentação da fala em unidades comunicativamente autônomas. O objetivo deste trabalho é contextualizado com uma discussão sobre a unidade de referência da fala e a noção de pausa. Argumenta-se a favor de uma segmentação da fala em unidades pragmáticas de natureza acional, delimitadas no fluxo da fala por meio de fronteiras prosódicas. Realizou-se análise estatística em amostra aleatória de fala espontânea extraída do corpus C-ORALBRASIL. Por intermédio de um modelo de regressão não linear, procurou-se identificar durações de pausas consistentemente preditivas de fronteiras de unidades de referência. Os resultados mostram que não há nenhum valor de duração de pausa que possa ser utilizado como critério confiável para a segmentação da fala em unidades comunicativamente autônomas.Palavras chave: fala; corpora; segmentação; unidade prosódica; ilocução.Abstract: This work presents an analysis of silent pauses when applied as criterion for the segmentation of speech into communicatively autonomous units. The aim of this work is contextualized in a discussion about the unit of reference for speech and the notion of pause. We argue that speech should be parsed into pragmatic units of actional nature, which are signaled within the speech flow by prosodic boundaries. We performed a statistic analysis on a random spontaneous speech sample extracted from C-ORAL-BRASIL corpus. Non-linear regression models were applied so as to identify pause durations that could consistently predict unit boundaries. Results show that there isn’t any pause duration value that could be used as a reliable criterion for the segmentation of speech into communicatively autonomous units.Keywords: Speech; Corpora; Segmentation; Prosodic Unit; Illocution.
Evaluasi Kesehatan Sapi Perah
Authors: Safitri Reni Ita , Harjanti Dian Wahyu , Setiatin Enny Tantini
Published: December 2015

(Health evaluation of dairy cows)ABSTRACT. This study was conducted to evaluate the health status of dairy cows in dairy barn of Animal and Agricultural Sciences Faculty, Diponegoro University. Physiological status such as rectal temperature, arterial pulse and respiratory rate were evaluated. Samples collected were feces, urine and roughage. The feces samples were analyzed using Witchlock method, the grass samples were analyzed using sedimentation method and the urine samples were observed under microscope after centrifugation at 1500 rpm. The result was analyzed using descriptive analysis. The result showed from the examination of physiology (heifer, pregnant cow and lactating cow) that the average of pulses rate was ranged respectively between 53-60 times/minutes, 53,6-55,5 times/minutes dan 55,1-58,8 times/minutes. Breath frequency was ranged between 17,1-18,1 times/minutes, 18-18,3 times/minutes and 16-17 times/minutes and rectal temperature was ranged between 38,3-38,5oC, 38,5-38,6oC dan 38,4-38,5oC. Although, there was found endoparasites of nematoda in feces, crystal (calcium oxalate monohydrate and dihydrate, struvite) in urine, and ectoparasites of ixodidae in grass but then all dairy cows evaluated during research indicated physiologically health. In conclusion : all dairy cows were physiologically health. Future examination, sanitation and treatments should be conducted to maintain the animals health.
Pemberdayaan Perempuan oleh Lajnah Wanita dan Putri Al-Irsyad Surabaya
Authors: Zaki Zakiah
Published: December 2015

This is a qualitative study on women empowerment conducted by Lajnah
Wanita dan Putri Al-Irsyad Surabaya. The data are gathered using three
methods, namely library research, interviews and observation. Finding of this
research shows that the organization being studied has done many empowerment
activities,  particularly in this following areas: economic, religious, health
 and education empowerment. There are many programs which is aimed for
empowering women, such as rice distribution, Islamic teaching, health teaching, Islamic education for children and teenagers, and  community development.
Pembinaan Keagamaan Oleh Rohaniawan Khonghucu di Tuban Jawa Timur
Authors: Haryanto Joko Tri
Published: December 2015

Religious life of Confucianist can not be separated from the role of Churchman.
Churchman  of Confucius held some development of religious life consisting
of religiosity, ritual and social aspect. This is a qualitative research
describing religious development held by Churchman of Confucius in Tuban 
East Java. In the aspect of religiosity, Churchmen focuses their program on
faith building and  religious value building. Churchman become a leader, and
they responsible on religious ceremony whether  in the public worship or on
the ceremony of life circle, for instance, marriage and death ceremony. On the  
social aspect, churchman educate their followers about moral value and social
value.
Problematika Pelayanan KUA Anamuban Timur
Authors: Sulaiman Sulaiman
Published: December 2015

Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) merupakan ujung tombak pelayanan Kementerian Agama yang bersentuhan langsung dengan kehidupan masyarakat.  Dengan keterbatasan yang dimiliki, KUA harus melayani berbagai persoalan terkait dengan perkawinan, wakaf, kesejahteraan masjid,   kerukunan  umat beragama. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dalam memberikan pelayanan keagamaan, KUA di Kecamatan Amanuban Timur banyak mengalami problem, antara lain rendahnya  kulitas da’i, peluang terjadinya  disharmoni dengan adanya teror dan  bentuk-bentuk  diskriminasi kegamaan, serta pelayanan pernikahan yang  berhadapan dengan kuatnya pengaruh adat.
The Contradiction of the Presence of Jehovah’s Witnesess as Christian Denomination in Yogyakarta
Authors: Ismail Arifuddin
Published: December 2015

The Presence of Jehovah’s Witnesses which has contradictory concepts has harassed mostly Christian people, but it attracts many people to join this group. Even nowadays this denomination has a significant progress in number of population. This research is aimed to find the answer of the above problem and to describe about whether Jehovah’s Witnesses as a Christian denomination or religious sect in which its existence are opposed by Christian community in general. Subject of this research is focused on Jehovah’s Witnesses in Yogyakarta.   This Christian denomination becomes an international religious movement and has been assured in the 1945 Constitution as well as gets recognition from the government as a religious organization who has equal rights. In Yogyakarta, this group is also accepted; this is a picture of Yogyakarta as a multicultural city, and a town with high tolerance. In contrast, other Christian’s denominations have rejected this sect because it has different basic theology. The emergence of new denominations is caused by the absence of limitation in this open room. Therefore, it needs a “re-thinking” whether to leave this phenomenon free or to create a rule to control this situation so as to create harmony in managing religious life.
Javanese Ethical Values in Tafsir Al-Huda
Authors: Siswayanti Novita
Published: December 2015

Tafsir Al-Huda, interpreting Quran in Javanese language, is one of Indonesia interpretation in which the context projecting the process of mingle between Quran and Javanese culture heritage owned by the author with social culture condition surrounded. Tafsir Al-Huda is a guidebook for experiencing sacred messages of Quran which is filled with moral values of Javanese culture. This research tried to study Javanese ethical values written in Tafsir Al-Huda. Content analysis method with hermeunetic approach is used in this study by interpreting symbols in form of text in order to find its meaning. This research conclude that Tafsir Al-Huda has Javanese cultural perspective, use cultural context, and has acomodating and integrating interconection.  Tafsir Al-Huda embody the Javanese philosophy and view of life to make society remember the God and be aware to any behavior and saying (eling lan waspada), tolerate and respect others (tepa selira), and live in harmony with the concept that harmony can create unity, dispute can create separation (rukun agawe santosa lan crah agawe bubrah).
The Religion Teachers Performance at Aliya Madrasa after their Completing Training Program in Province of West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Wibowo AM
Published: December 2015

This research aims to evaluated the religions teachers performance at Aliya Madrasa after attending training functional programs which managed by Balai Diklat Keagamaan on province of West Nusa Tenggara. This research important to do to seeing the change of religion teacher performance on Aliya Madrasa whether increase or decrease after attending training functional program. By using analysis of context, input, process, product (CIPP) this study had 4 findings, there are: (1) In pedagogic competency, personality, social and professional, the performances of religion teachers in Aliya Madrasa after attending training functional programs were include into fairly category. However in competition achivement the religion teacher is under expectation. (2) Performance of the religion teacher in Aliya Madrasa after attending   training functional programs give positive impact on students achievement. 3) The facilities of school like management, regulation and commitment of principal of Aliya Madrasa give positive impact to teacher performance, whereas support facilities in Aliya Madrasa is not support the increasing of religion teacher performance. (4) The Religion teachers performance after participated training functional programs gave positive impact to other teachers.
OPENING REMARKS BY THE EDITOR
Authors: Klevno V. A.
Published: December 2015

.
THE RESULTS OF THE FORENSIC MEDICAL EXPERT ACTIVITIES IN THE MOSCOW REGION FOR 2014
Authors: Klevno V. A.
Published: December 2015

The article presents summary statistics on the results of forensic activities of the Bureau of Forensic Medicine of the Moscow region for 2014. Mentioned examinations were carried out for the institutions inquiry, preliminary investigation and the courts located in the Moscow region. The data on the implementation of the system of continuous education of medical forensic experts is compiled.
Evaluating Resin-Dentin Bond by Microtensile Bond Strength Test: Effects of Various Resin Composites and Placement Techniques
Authors: Moosavi Horieh , Maleknejad Fatemeh , Forghani Maryam , Afshari Elham
Published: December 2015

Objectives
: This in vitro study evaluated the
microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of a methacrylate-
based compared to a silorane-based resin composite in Class I cavity using
different placement techniques.Materials and Methods: Class I cavities with dimension of (4
mm long, 4 mm wide, 3 mm deep) were prepared in extracted sound human molars.
The teeth were randomly divided into six groups. The first three groups were
filled with Filtek P90 using three methods of insertion; bulk, incremental and
snow-plow, and the remaining three groups were filled with Clearfil AP-X using
the same three placement techniques. After 24 hours of storage in water at 37°C,
the specimens were thermocycled to 1000 cycles. Specimens were prepared for MTBS
testing by creating bonded beams obtained from the pulpal floor. Statistical
analysis used: Statistical analyses of data were performed by two-way ANOVA/Tukey
(α=.05). Results: The experiment showed significant differences
between the two resin composites with regard to filling techniques (P<0.05). The
MTBS was significantly higher in each of Filtek P90 subgroup compared to
Clearfil AP-X ones (P<0.05). With respect to filling technique in both resin
composites, bulk insertion showed the significantly lowest MTBS (P<0.05), while
no significant difference was found between the outcome of incremental and
snow-plow techniques (P>0.05). Conclusion:
Silorane-based resin composite as opposed to methacrylate based resin composite
and layering placements in contrast to bulk filling method had higher
microtensile bond strength.
Failure Rate of Direct High-Viscosity Glass-Ionomer Versus Hybrid Resin Composite Restorations in Posterior Permanent Teeth - a Systematic Review
Authors: Mickenautsch Steffen , Yengopal Veerasamy
Published: December 2015

Purpose

Traditionally, resin composite restorations are claimed by reviews of the dental literature as being superior to glass-ionomer fillings in terms of restoration failures in posterior permanent teeth. The aim of this systematic review is to answer the clinical question, whether conventional high-viscosity glass-ionomer restorations, in patients with single and/or multi-surface cavities in posterior permanent teeth, have indeed a higher failure rate than direct hybrid resin composite restorations.

Methods

Eight databases were searched until December 02, 2013. Trials were assessed for bias risks, in-between datasets heterogeneity and statistical sample size power. Effects sizes were computed and statistically compared. A total of 55 citations were identified through systematic literature search. From these, 46 were excluded. No trials related to high-viscosity glass-ionomers versus resin composite restorations for direct head-to-head comparison were found. Three trials related to high-viscosity glass-ionomers versus amalgam and three trials related to resin composite versus amalgam restorations could be included for adjusted indirect comparison, only.

Results

The available evidence suggests no difference in the failure rates between both types of restoration beyond the play of chance, is limited by lack of head-to-head comparisons and an insufficient number of trials, as well as by high bias and in-between-dataset heterogeneity risk. The current clinical evidence needs to be regarded as too poor in order to justify superiority claims regarding the failure rates of both restoration types. Sufficiently large-sized, parallel-group, randomised control trials with high internal validity are needed, in order to justify any clinically meaningful judgment to this topic.
Performance comparison of various coolants for louvered fin tube automotive radiator
Authors: Sahoo Rashmi , Ghosh Pradyumna , Sarkar Jahar
Published: December 2015

In the present study, screening of various coolants (water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, brines, nanofluid, and sugarcane juice) for louvered fin automotive radiator has been done based on different energetic and exergetic performance parameters. Effects on radiator size, weight and cost as well as engine efficiency and fuel consumption are discussed as well. Results show that the sugarcane juice seems to be slightly better in terms of both heat transfer and pumping power than water and nanofluid, whereas significantly better than ethylene glycol and propylene glycol. For same heat transfer capacity, the pumping power requirement is minimum and vice-versa with sugarcane juice, followed by nanofluid, water, EG and PG. Study on brines shows an opportunity to use water+25% PG based nanofluids for improvement of performance as well as operating range. Replacement of water or brines by using sugarcane juice and water or wa-ter+25% PG based nanofluids will reduce the radiator size, weight and pumping power, which may lead to increase in compactness and overall engine efficiency or reduction in radiator cost and engine fuel consumption. In overall, both sugarcane juice and nanofluid seem to be potential substitutes of water. However, both have some challenges such as long term stability for practical use.
Modeling and optimization of processes for clean and efficient pulverized coal combustion in utility boilers
Authors: Belosevic Srdjan , Tomanovic Ivan , Crnomarkovic Nenad , Milicevic Aleksandar , Tucakovic Dragan
Published: December 2015

Pulverized coal-fired power plants should provide higher efficiency of energy
conversion, flexibility in terms of boiler loads and fuel characteristics and
emission reduction of pollutants like nitrogen oxides. Modification of
combustion process is a cost-effective technology for NOx control. For
optimization of complex processes, such as turbulent reactive flow in
coal-fired furnaces, mathematical modeling is regularly used. The NOx
emission reduction by combustion modifications in the 350 MWe Kostolac B
boiler furnace, tangentially fired by pulverized Serbian lignite, is
investigated in the paper. Numerical experiments were done by an in-house
developed three-dimensional differential comprehensive combustion code, with
fuel- and thermal-NO formation/destruction reactions model. The code was
developed to be easily used by engineering staff for process analysis in
boiler units. A broad range of operating conditions was examined, such as
fuel and preheated air distribution over the burners and tiers, operation
mode of the burners, grinding fineness and quality of coal, boiler loads,
cold air ingress, recirculation of flue gases, water-walls ash deposition and
combined effect of different parameters. The predictions show that the NOx
emission reduction of up to 30% can be achieved by a proper combustion
organization in the case-study furnace, with the flame position control.
Impact of combustion modifications on the boiler operation was evaluated by
the boiler thermal calculations suggesting that the facility was to be
controlled within narrow limits of operation parameters. Such a complex
approach to pollutants control enables evaluating alternative solutions to
achieve efficient and low emission operation of utility boiler units.
Impact of coupled heat and moisture transfer effects on buildings energy consuption
Authors: Ferroukhi Mohammed , Belarbi Rafik , Limam Karim , Bosschaerts Walter
Published: December 2015

Coupled heat, air, and moisture transfers through building envelope have an important effect on prediction of building energy requirements. Several works were conducted in order to integrate hygrothermal transfers in dynamic buildings simulations codes. However, the incorporation of multidirectional hygrothermal transfer analysis in the envelope into building simulation tools is rarely considered. In this work, coupled heat, air, and moisture (HAM) transfer model in multilayer walls was established. Thereafter, the HAM model is coupled dynamically to a building behavior code (BES).The coupling concerns a co-simulation between COMSOL Multiphysics and TRNSYS software. Afterward, the HAM-BES co-simulation accuracy was verified. Then, HAM-BES co-simulation platform was applied to a case study with various types of climates (temperate, hot and humid, cold and humid). Three simulations cases were carried out. The first simulation case consists of the TRNSYS model without HAM transfer model. The second simulation case, 1-D HAM model for the envelope was integrated in TRNSYS code. For the third one, 1-D HAM model for the wall and 2-D HAM model for thermal bridges were coupled to the thermal building model of TRNSYS. Analysis of the results confirms the significant impact of 2-D envelope hygrothermal transfers on the indoor thermal and moisture behavior of building as well as on the energy building assessment. These conclusions are shown for different studied climates.
Feasibility study of renewable energy resources and optimization of electrical hybrid energy systems: Case study for Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Iran
Authors: Fazelpour Farivar , Soltani Nima
Published: December 2015

Renewable energies are increasingly seen as the best solution to a growing
global population demanding affordable access to electricity while reducing
the need for fossil fuels. Country of Iran has vast untapped solar, wind,
geothermal and hydroelectric sources that hold the potential to meet domestic
needs. Renewable energy is also essential to Iran as it will curb massive air
pollution. In this paper economical and feasibility study of various hybrid
systems are performed by using HOMER software model for supplying electricity
to the Engineering Department of Islamic Azad University. For this study,
annual electricity demand of the university is 1,174,935 kWh with a peak
demand of about 331 kW, average wind speeds, based on hourly data during the
period of eleven years (2000-2010), are between 3 to 5 m/s in all months of
the year. For solar radiation, six models are evaluated to select the best
model for estimation of the daily global solar radiation (GSR) on a
horizontal surface in the study location. Among these six models, H/HO=a+b
(S/S0)+ c(S/S0)2 is chosen as the most optimum model for estimating solar
irradiation. The results indicate that among the three hybrid systems for
fulfilling electrical energy needs, the Wind/Diesel/Battery hybrid system
with 9 wind turbines (20 kW), one diesel generator (300 kW), 50 batteries,
and 50 kW power converters with net present cost of $4,281,800 and cost of
energy of 0.285 $/kWh is the most economically efficient hybrid system.
(based on 2015 US dollar).
Development of a single-sided guarded hot plate apparatus for thermal conductivity measurements
Authors: Terzic Marijana , Milosevic Nenad , Stepanic Nenad , Petricevic Slobodan
Published: December 2015

This work presents the development of an experimental setup for measurements
on of thermal conductivity of solid materials, such as ceramics, polymers,
rubbers, glasses, biological materials, etc. whose thermal conductivity lies
in the approximate range between 0.1 and 2 Wm-1K-1. The setup was designed on
the principle of the single-sided guarded hot plate method. In order to find
the optimal design for generation of traceable one-dimensional heat flux
through an investigated 300?300 mm2 specimen, a numerical heat transfer FEM
analysis was performed. The principal components of the measuring apparatus,
such as hot plate with thermopile, cold plate and auxiliary hot plate were
constructed according to the obtained results of simulations. Software for
the control of experiment and data acquisition was developed using the
LabVIEW programming environment.
Temperature and heat effects on polyethylene behaviour in the presence of imperfections
Authors: Murariu Alin , Lozanovic-Sajic Jasmina
Published: December 2015

This paper highlights the changes of polyethylene behaviour during various
loading rate as well as the influence of test temperature on the material
characteristics. Passive infrared thermography (IRT) method and a high speed
infrared camera were used to observe the temperature changes of the sample
surface during the tests. The experimental program was carried out on samples
taken from PE80 polyethylene gas pipes with simulated imperfections with
bilateral V-notch, U-notch and central hole. Samples have been tensile tested
(TT) and the results are correlated with the temperature distribution of the
samples surface.
Low temperature combustion of organic coal-water fuel droplets containing petrochemicals while soaring in a combustion chamber model
Authors: Valiullin Timur , Strizhak Pavel , Shevyrev Sergey
Published: December 2015

The paper examines the integral characteristics (minimum temperature, ignition delay times) of stable combustion initiation of organic coal-water fuel droplets (initial radius is 0.3-1.5 mm) in the oxidizer flow (the temperature and velocity varied in ranges 500-900 K, 0.5-3 m/s). The main components of organic coal-water fuel were: brown coal particles, filter-cakes obtained in coal processing, waste engine, and turbine oils. The different modes of soaring and ignition of organic coal-water fuel have been established. The conditions have been set under which it is possible to implement the sustainable soaring and ignition of organic coal-water fuel droplets. We have compared the ignition characteristics with those defined in the traditional approach (based on placing the droplets on a low-inertia thermocouple junction into the combustion chamber). The paper shows the scale of the influence of heat sink over the thermocouple junction on ignition inertia. An original technique for releasing organic coal-water fuel droplets to the combustion chamber was proposed and tested. The limitations of this technique and the prospects of experimental results for the optimization of energy equipment operation were also formulated.
Effects on indicators of tissue perfusion in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane at two multiples of the minimum alveolar concentration
Authors: Floriano Beatriz P. , Wagatsuma Juliana T. , Ferreira Joana Z. , Abimussi Caio J. X. , Menegheti Thais M. , Santos Paulo S. P. , Oliva Valéria N. L. S.
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of isoflurane anesthesia administered at 2 multiples of the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) on tissue perfusion in dogs.

ANIMALS 8 healthy young adult Beagles.

PROCEDURES A randomized crossover design was used. Dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane at 1.5 or 2.0 times the MAC for 2 hours, a 7-day washout period was provided, and dogs were reanesthetized with the alternate treatment. Various physiologic variables were monitored before anesthesia (baseline), at 20-minute intervals during anesthesia, and after anesthetic recovery. Variable values were compared between MAC multiples by means of repeated-measures ANOVA, with the Tukey test used for multiple comparisons.

RESULTS During anesthesia, mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, and mixed venous oxygen saturation were significantly greater when isoflurane was administered at 1.5 versus 2.0 times the MAC. Cardiac output gradually increased during anesthesia at 1.5 times but not at 2.0 times the MAC. Arterial blood lactate concentration did not differ between MAC multiples at any point; however, this concentration decreased with increasing anesthetic duration at both MAC multiples. Oxygen delivery differed between MAC multiples, and oxygen consumption differed from baseline during anesthesia at 2.0 times the MAC. Oxygen extraction was higher at 2.0 versus 1.5 times the MAC. Heart rate differed between MAC multiples only after anesthetic recovery.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Isoflurane anesthesia impaired tissue perfusion in dogs, but these changes would not be clinically relevant with oxygen delivery at 100%. Peripheral tissue perfusion was maintained or improved with time.
Quantitative comparison of bone mineral density characteristics of the distal epiphysis of third metacarpal bones from Thoroughbred racehorses with or without condylar fracture
Authors: Bogers Sophie H. , Rogers Chris W. , Bolwell Charlotte , Roe Wendi , Gee Erica , McIlwraith C. Wayne
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVE To compare regional proportions and spatial distributions of volumetric bone mineral density (BMDv) of the palmar aspect of the distal epiphysis of the third metacarpal bone (McIII) in limbs with or without a condylar fracture from Thoroughbred racehorses.

SAMPLE McIIIs from cadavers of Thoroughbred racehorses with (n = 6 bones) and without (8) a condylar fracture.

PROCEDURES BMDv and spatial distributions of BMDv in peripheral quantitative CT images of the distal epiphysis of McIIIs were quantitatively assessed with spatial analysis software. Relative proportions of voxels within 9 threshold categories of BMDv and spatial statistics for BMDv distribution were compared between fractured and nonfractured limbs.

RESULTS No significant differences in BMDv characteristics were identified between fractured and nonfractured limbs, although fractured limbs had a lower proportion of voxels in the BMDv thresholds 700 to < 800 mg/cm3 and 800 to < 900 mg/cm3 but a higher proportion of voxels in the BMDv threshold 1,000 to < 1,100 mg/cm3 for the central condylar region of the medial condyle. Results of spatial analysis reflected the response of bone to race training rather than differences between fractured and nonfractured limbs. In both limb groups, uniform clusters of low BMDv with areas of high BMDv were identified.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE BMDv characteristics of the distal epiphysis of McIII reflected training load, and fracture characteristics were subtle. Serial imaging techniques in conjunction with detailed training data are required to elucidate the onset of the pathological response to load in horses.
Effect of various testing conditions on results for a handheld reference point indentation instrument in horses
Authors: Lescun Timothy B. , Hoffseth Kevin , Yang Henry T. , Hansma Paul K. , Kopeikin Hal S. , Chandrasekar Srinivasan
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVE To compare results obtained with a handheld reference point indentation instrument for bone material strength index (BMSi) measurements in the equine third metacarpal bone for various testing conditions.

SAMPLE 24 third metacarpal bones.

PROCEDURES Third metacarpal bones from both forelimbs of 12 horses were obtained. The dorsal surface of each bone was divided into 6 testing regions. In vivo and ex vivo measurements of BMSi were obtained through the skin and on exposed bone, respectively, to determine effects of each testing condition. Difference plots were used to assess agreement between BMSi obtained for various conditions. Linear regression analysis was used to assess effects of age, sex, and body weight on BMSi. A mixed-model ANOVA was used to assess effects of age, sex, limb, bone region, and testing condition on BMSi values.

RESULTS Indentation measurements were performed on standing sedated and recumbent anesthetized horses and on cadaveric bone. Regional differences in BMSi values were detected in adult horses. A significant linear relationship (r2 = 0.71) was found between body weight and BMSi values. There was no difference between in vivo and ex vivo BMSi values. A small constant bias was detected between BMSi obtained through the skin, compared with values obtained directly on bone.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Reference point indentation can be used for in vivo assessment of the resistance of bone tissue to microfracture in horses. Testing through the skin should account for a small constant bias, compared with results for testing directly on exposed bone.
Pharmacokinetics of orally administered low-dose rapamycin in healthy dogs
Authors: Larson Jeanne C. , Allstadt Sara D. , Fan Timothy M. , Khanna Chand , Lunghofer Paul J. , Hansen Ryan J. , Gustafson Daniel L. , Legendre Alfred M. , Galyon Gina D. , LeBlanc Amy K. , Martin-Jimenez Tomas
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics of orally administered rapamycin in healthy dogs.

ANIMALS 5 healthy purpose-bred hounds.

PROCEDURES The study consisted of 2 experiments. In experiment 1, each dog received rapamycin (0.1 mg/kg, PO) once; blood samples were obtained immediately before and at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after administration. In experiment 2, each dog received rapamycin (0.1 mg/kg, PO) once daily for 5 days; blood samples were obtained immediately before and at 3, 6, 24, 27, 30, 48, 51, 54, 72, 75, 78, 96, 96.5, 97, 98, 100, 102, 108, 120, 144, and 168 hours after the first dose. Blood rapamycin concentration was determined by a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by compartmental and noncompartmental analyses.

RESULTS Mean ± SD blood rapamycin terminal half-life, area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 48 hours after dosing, and maximum concentration were 38.7 ± 12.7 h, 140 ± 23.9 ng•h/mL, and 8.39 ± 1.73 ng/mL, respectively, for experiment 1, and 99.5 ± 89.5 h, 126 ± 27.1 ng•h/mL, and 5.49 ± 1.99 ng/mL, respectively, for experiment 2. Pharmacokinetic parameters for rapamycin after administration of 5 daily doses differed significantly from those after administration of 1 dose.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that oral administration of low-dose (0.1 mg/kg) rapamycin to healthy dogs achieved blood concentrations measured in nanograms per milliliter. The optimal dose and administration frequency of rapamcyin required to achieve therapeutic effects in tumor-bearing dogs, as well as toxicity after chronic dosing, need to be determined.
Results of selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests for clinically normal Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)
Authors: Rajaei Seyed Mehdi , Mood Maneli Ansari , Sadjadi Reza , Williams David L.
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVE To determine values for tear production, horizontal palpebral fissure length (HPFL), eye blink frequency, and intraocular pressure (IOP) in healthy Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus).

ANIMALS 40 healthy adult Syrian hamsters (80 eyes).

PROCEDURES Tear production was measured with the phenol red thread test (PRTT), modified Schirmer tear test (mSTT), and endodontic absorbent paper points tear test (EAPPTT). The IOP was measured by use of rebound tonometry. Correlations between test results and body weight were evaluated.

RESULTS Mean ± SD values for the IOP, PRTT, EAPPTT, mSTT, HPFL, and blink frequency for all 80 eyes were 4.55 ± 1.33 mm Hg, 5.57 ± 1.51 mm/15 s, 4.52 ± 1.55 mm/min, 2.07 ± 0.97 mm/min, 5.84 ± 0.45 mm, and 1.68 ± 0.43 blinks/min, respectively. For all variables, values did not differ significantly between the right and left eyes or between males and females. There was no correlation between measured variables and body weight.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results for this study provided information on values for the IOP, PRTT, mSTT, EAPPTT, HPFL, and eye blink frequency in healthy Syrian hamsters. It was important to determine reference intervals for this species because they commonly are kept as pets or used as research animals.
Histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of soft palate muscles and nerves in dogs with an elongated soft palate
Authors: Arai Kiyotaka , Kobayashi Masanori , Harada Yasuji , Hara Yasushi , Michishita Masaki , Ohkusu-Tsukada Kozo , Takahashi Kimimasa
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVE To histologically evaluate and compare features of myofibers within the elongated soft palate (ESP) of brachycephalic and mesocephalic dogs with those in the soft palate of healthy dogs and to assess whether denervation or muscular dystrophy is associated with soft palate elongation.

SAMPLE Soft palate specimens from 24 dogs with ESPs (obtained during surgical intervention) and from 14 healthy Beagles (control group).

PROCEDURES All the soft palate specimens underwent histologic examination to assess myofiber atrophy, hypertrophy, hyalinization, and regeneration. The degrees of atrophy and hypertrophy were quantified on the basis of the coefficient of variation and the number of myofibers with hyalinization and regeneration. The specimens also underwent immunohistochemical analysis with anti-neurofilament or anti-dystrophin antibody to confirm the distribution of peripheral nerve branches innervating the palatine myofibers and myofiber dystrophin expression, respectively.

RESULTS Myofiber atrophy, hypertrophy, hyalinization, and regeneration were identified in almost all the ESP specimens. Degrees of atrophy and hypertrophy were significantly greater in the ESP specimens, compared with the control specimens. There were fewer palatine peripheral nerve branches in the ESP specimens than in the control specimens. Almost all the myofibers in the ESP and control specimens were dystrophin positive.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results suggested that palatine myopathy in dogs may be caused, at least in part, by denervation of the palatine muscles and not by Duchenne- or Becker-type muscular dystrophy. These soft palate changes may contribute to upper airway collapse and the progression of brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome.
Efficacy of four commercially available multivalent modified-live virus vaccines against clinical disease, viremia, and viral shedding in early-weaned beef calves exposed simultaneously to cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus and cattle acutely infected with bovine herpesvirus 1
Authors: Chamorro Manuel F. , Walz Paul H. , Passler Thomas , Palomares Roberto , Newcomer Benjamin W. , Riddell Kay P. , Gard Julie , Zhang Yijing , Galik Patricia
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of 4 commercially available multivalent modified-live virus vaccines against clinical disease, viremia, and viral shedding caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) in early-weaned beef calves.

ANIMALS 54 early-weaned beef steers (median age, 95 days).

PROCEDURES Calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 groups and administered PBSS (group A [control]; n = 11) or 1 of 4 commercially available modified-live virus vaccines that contained antigens against BHV1, BVDV types 1 (BVDV1) and 2 (BVDV2), parainfluenza type 3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (groups B [11], C [10], D [11], and E [11]). Forty-five days after vaccination, calves were exposed simultaneously to 6 cattle persistently infected with BVDV and 8 calves acutely infected with BHV1 for 28 days (challenge exposure). For each calf, serum antibody titers against BVDV and BHV1 were determined before vaccination and before and after challenge exposure. Virus isolation was performed on nasal secretions, serum, and WBCs at predetermined times during the 28-day challenge exposure.

RESULTS None of the calves developed severe clinical disease or died. Mean serum anti-BHV1 antibody titers did not differ significantly among the treatment groups at any time and gradually declined during the study. Mean serum anti-BVDV antibody titers appeared to be negatively associated with the incidence of viremia and BVDV shedding. The unvaccinated group (A) had the lowest mean serum anti-BVDV antibody titers. The mean serum anti-BVDV antibody titers for group D were generally lower than those for groups B, C, and E.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated differences in vaccine efficacy for the prevention of BVDV viremia and shedding in early-weaned beef calves.
Gliding performance of the red giant gliding squirrel Petaurista petaurista in the tropical rainforest of Indian eastern Himalaya
Authors: Krishna Murali C. , Kumar Awadhesh , Tripathi O. P.
Published: December 2015

Gliding squirrels occur globally and many are of conservation concern due to habitat fragmentation and degradation. Information on their ability to cover the distance between two trees by gliding is lacking in many species which might be vital for habitat management and conservation. The aim of the study was to present the field observations on gliding behaviour of the red giant gliding squirrel Petaurista petaurista observed within tropical rain‐forest of Namdapha National Park, Arunachal Pradesh, Indian eastern Himalaya. The data were collected on 71 glides observed at nights. The mean height of launching and landing trees were 28.5 ± 1.0 m and 16.4 ± 0.9 m, respectively. Gliding variables calculated were vertical drop (mean = 13.4 ± 1.0 m), horizontal distance (mean = 36.3 ± 2.7 m), air speed (mean = 8.9 ± 0.2 m s‐1), ground speed (mean = 7.9 ± 0.2 m s‐1), glide ratio (mean = 3.1 ± 0.2), glide angle (mean = 19.0 ± 0.9°), GBH of launching tree (mean = 156.8 ± 8.5 cm) and GBH of landing tree (mean = 195.2 ± 9.5 cm). Gliding distance was categorized in four types. The highest glides in a 26–50 m glide‐class (44% (n = 31)) were the most frequently observed. Gliding squirrels preferred top canopy (56%, n = 40) for distant glides. Forest structure has an influence on the gliding habits of gliding squirrels and thus our data on gliding parameters should be used when planning forest management actions.