bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Conditions and Prospects for the Development of Personal Entrepreneurship Education Among the Young
Authors: Bieniok Henryk
Published: January 2021

The aim of the paper is to define the core, the elements and the meaning of personal entrepreneurship (resourcefulness), describe its level among the young in Poland on the basis of sociological surveys (interviews, questionnaires and group discussions with secondary school students), analyse and assess educational programs for personal entrepreneurship in the light of the expectations of secondary school and university students, as well as design education for personal entrepreneurship. Numerous observations of young people in different life situations show that they are not a symbol of a high of personal entrepreneurship. There are many reasons for this including inadequate teaching programs, overuse of electronic devices and the overprotection of their parents. The latter makes young people unmotivated to achieve anything because they can instantly get all they need. In the paper, it is assumed that a fundamental background of entrepreneurship, including in economic, organisational, societal, political and other spheres, must be personal entrepreneurship (resourcefulness). Because in Polish schools and universities this is not taught, the author has presented a personal entrepreneurship education program.
Badanie efektywności programów edukacyjnych w zakresie przedsiębiorczości na podstawie studium przypadku Politechniki Warszawskiej – komunikat z badań
Authors: Skala Agnieszka
Published: January 2021

Od około dekady podejmowane są w Polsce coraz liczniejsze inicjatywy w zakresie nauczania przedsiębiorczości, także na uczelniach wyższych (w tym technicznych). W literaturze przedmiotu edukacja przedsiębiorczości jest tematem dobrze rozpoznanym, zwłaszcza pod kątem projektowania programów nauczania. Istnieje jednak luka w wiedzy o efektywności programów edukacyjnych w zakresie przedsiębiorczości, a przeprowadzenie badań pod tym kątem stanowi wyzwanie pod względem metodycznym. Głównym celem badań omówionych w artykule jest stworzenie i przetestowanie autorskiego kwestionariusza umożliwiającego weryfikację programu edukacyjnego w zakresie przedsiębiorczości i stanowiącego podstawę dla przeprowadzenia długoletnich, porównywalnych badań w tym zakresie. Ich przedmiotem są programy edukacyjne, metody ich wdrażania oraz postawy przedsiębiorcze wykazywane przez absolwentów. Omawiany w pracy autorski program edukacyjny realizowany jest w Politechnice Warszawskiej od 2007 r., zaś obecnie podejmuje się inicjatywy służące ocenie jego wpływu na kariery zawodowe jego absolwentów. Źródłem danych dla rozważań są wyniki dwóch pilotażowych badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych na uczestnikach zajęć (studentach). Wyniki te pozwoliły wstępnie określić strukturę badania właściwego i brzmienie pytań oraz sugerowanych odpowiedzi. Obecnie ankieta jest podzielona na cztery części: ocenę zajęć, badanie stosunku do samozatrudnienia, ocenę szans i zagrożeń związanych z prowadzeniem firmy oraz określenie uwarunkowań rodzinnych. Z pewnością brakuje jeszcze sposobu na uchwycenie efektów edukacji w postaci przejawiania inicjatyw ambitnych, szczegolnie cennych. Na tym aspekcie będą skoncentrowane dalsze poszukiwania i badania
Edukacja przedsiębiorczości w ramach kształcenia zawodowego a sytuacja jego absolwentów na rynku pracy
Authors: Poczmańska Agata Poczmańska , Pierwieniecka Roksana
Published: January 2021

Zamierzeniem autorek artykułu jest wskazanie celów i metod kształcenia przedsiębiorczości, ktore pozwalają najlepiej przygotowywać uczniow w ramach kształcenia zawodowego do wejścia na rynek pracy. W doborze najefektywniejszych celow i metod uwzględniono kontekst edukacji zawodowej w Polsce oraz sytuację na polskim rynku pracy. W artykule dokonano przeglądu i analizy literatury prezentującej wyniki badań w przedmiotowym obszarze. Analizie poddano relacje między kształtowaniem postawy przedsiębiorczej a poziomem bezrobocia i skalą zakładania działalności gospodarczej w omawianej grupie osób. Wskaźniki te oraz wyniki innych badań skonfrontowano z kluczowymi elementami edukacji w zakresie przedsiębiorczości, ktorymi są formy i cele nauczania oraz metody kształcenia, powiązane rownież z kompetencjami nauczycieli i współpracą szkoł z przedsiębiorcami. Ujęcie teoretyczne tych zagadnień i prezentacja wynikow badań wzbogacone zostały o ujęcie praktyczne, czyli o przykłady rozwiązań stosowanych w Europie, ze szczegolnym uwzględnieniem sytuacji w Polsce. Podsumowanie i wnioski z analizy uzupełnia zarys korzystnych w tym kontekście kierunkow ewolucji edukacji przedsiębiorczości.
Badanie poziomu przedsiębiorczości indywidualnej na grupie studentów studiów magisterskich Wydziału Zarządzania Politechniki Rzeszowskiej
Authors: Strojny Jacek , Chodorek Michał
Published: January 2021

Analizując przedsiębiorczość, nie należy kierować się wyłącznie kontekstem związanym z prowadzeniem działalności gospodarczej. Badane zjawisko ma bowiem znacznie bardziej złożony charakter. Jest ono determinowane przez liczne czynniki o charakterze ekonomicznym, prawnym, technologicznym, społeczno-kulturowym. Ponadto ma znacznie szersze przełożenie na procesy społeczne i kulturowe. Przedsiębiorczość rozumiana jako pewien zbiór atrybutów indywidualnych może uzewnętrzniać się w postaci proaktywnych i kreatywnych działań w rożnych obszarach życia społecznego. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ocena poziomu przedsiębiorczości indywidualnej na podstawie badań przeprowadzonych na grupie studentów studiów magisterskich Wydziału Zarządzania Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. W pierwszej jego części scharakteryzowano takie pojęcia, jak: „przedsiębiorczość”, „przedsiębiorczość indywidualna” i „przedsiębiorczość akademicka”. W dalszej części pracy skupiono się na wymiarze indywidualnym przedsiębiorczości. Określono jej główne wymiary i subwymiary (parametry). Tak zoperacjonalizowane pojęcie przedsiębiorczości posłużyło do przygotowania i przeprowadzenia badań w grupie docelowej. Uzyskane wyniki oraz ich podsumowanie przedstawiono w kolejnych częściach artykułu
Tradition and Innovation in an Ultra-Orthodox Community: The Hasidim Of Outremont
Authors: Schnoor Randal F.
Published: January 2021

Like other insular religious movements such as Hutterites and
Amish, Hasidic communities are faced with the challenge of
preserving their distinctive ideals in a technologically
advanced, capitalist world. Studies done in the 1960s and 1970s
documented the success of Hasidim in safeguarding their
convictions and creating well-functioning communities in
contemporary North America. Recent evidence has demonstrated,
however, that unprecedented growth rates are presenting
significant challenges to Hasidim trying to sustain
their way of life. Focusing on a case-study of the Hasidic
community of Outremont, a residential neighbourhood in
central Montreal, this paper outlines the social and economic
challenges facing the community and argues that, while some
important changes have been implemented, there is a need to
modify survival strategies further in order to maintain community
viability.
« Contre tous les youpins du monde » : la ville de Québec au temps de l’antisémitisme (1890–1914)
Authors: Durou Guillaume
Published: January 2021

In 1912, Charles Maurras mentioned in the Parisian publication l’Action française “the importance of anti-Semitism in Quebec City.” A city founded on a strong ethno-linguistic duality, Quebec City’s character changed considerably at the turn of the 20th century. Industrialization, immigration, the predominant conception of the nation-state and the magisterium of the Church upset a city that seemed to be experiencing a difficult transition. Ridden with anxiety, a certain elite is attacking a vulnerable minority on a daily basis. Thus a noisy anti-Semitism takes shape, regularly feeding a chimerical representation of the Jew which, by the effect of imbalance between reality and the imaginary, between truth and lies, generates nocuous tensions.En 1912, Charles Maurras mentionne dans l’Action française de Paris « l’importance de l’antisémitisme à Québec ». Ville fondée sur une forte dualité ethno-linguistique, Québec voit au tournant du XXe siècle son visage changer considérablement. L’industrialisation, l’immigration, la conception prédominante de l’État nation et le Magistère de l’Église bousculent une Cité qui paraît mal vivre la transition. Rongée par l’angoisse, une certaine élite s’en prend alors quotidiennement à une minorité vulnérable. Ainsi prend forme un antisémitisme tapageur nourrissant régulièrement une représentation chimérique du Juif et qui, par effet de déséquilibre entre la réalité et l’imaginaire, entre le vrai et le leurre, génère de funestes tensions.
Description of Knowledge regarding the Application of Independent Isolation and the Application of the Covid-19 Protocol in the New Normal Era for Women of Fertile Age in Indonesia
Authors: Burhan Ida Rahmah , Abdiana Abdiana , Hanifa Zurriyati
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to describe the knowledge regarding the application of self isolation and the application of the Covid-19 protocol in the new normal era in women of childbearing age. This type of research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. This research was conducted on 21-24 September 2020 via Google form. The study population was all women of childbearing age in Indonesia. The number of respondents was 1049 people. Data obtained using a validated questionnaire. Most of the respondents were aged over 15-31 years. The results showed that the knowledge of women of childbearing age regarding the application of independent isolation was still low ( 49.5% of those who answered the questionnaire correctly) , the knowledge of women of childbearing age regarding the application of the Covid-19 Protocol at home has reached 78.1% (high) and knowledge of women of childbearing age regarding the application of the Covid-19 Protocol in the workplace has reached 82% (high).Keywords: Covid-19, Self-isolation, Covid-19 protocol
The Difference in Average of Maternal Serum Hypoxia-Inducible Factors-1Î± Levels between Early Onset and Late-Onset Severe Preeclampsia
Authors: Perdana David , Defrin Defrin , Firdawati Firdawati
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to know the difference average of maternal serum levels of HIF-1Î± between early-onset and late-onset severe preeclampsia. This study used a cross sectional comparative study design that conducted in Februari 2020 - Agustus 2020 in the SMF / Obstetrics and Gynecology department of RSUP dr. M. Djamil Padang, RSUD Achmad Mochtar, RSUD Pariaman, RSUD M Zein Painan. We used consecutive sampling method which consists of 60 pregnant women who fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups early-onset severe preeclampsia and late-onset severe preeclampsia. HIF-1Î± tests were done using ELISA method. The average of maternal serum levels of HIF-1Î± in late-onset severe preeclampsia is found to be the highest when compared to the early-onset severe preeclampsia, 1,37 Â± 1,08 ng/ml vs 0,69 Â± 0,11 ng/ml. This difference is significant with the Mann-whitney non parametrical statistical test (p <0.05). There is a significant difference average of maternal serum levels of HIF-1Î± between early-onset and late-onset severe preeclampsiaKeywords: early onset severe preeclampsia, late onset preeclampsia late onset, maternal serum levels ofÂ  HIF-1Î±
Dynamic norm and variability of personal pronouns in the works of Geoffrey Chaucer
Authors: Abdul'manova Adelia , Parfenov Andrey Sergeevich
Published: January 2021

The subject of this research is the dynamic variability in the sphere of personal of the Middle English Period. The object of this research is the personal pronouns of the Middle English (in form of the nominative case) used in the “Canterbury Tales” by Geoffrey Chaucer. Insufficient study of this layer of lexicon necessitates detailed examination of the rich tapestry of variability of pronouns for determination of the area of Medieval language norm that influenced the establishment of modern literary English language, which defines the relevance of this research. The goal consists in description of the dynamic norm of the Middle English. Research methodology consists in systematization, description and classification of language material, extracted through the method of continuous sampling from the first part of the “Knight’s Tale” of the “Canterbury Tales” of Geoffrey Chaucer, and setting quantitative parameters that reveal and confirm linguistic patterns that regularly manifest within the system of personal pronouns of the Middle English. The scientific novelty lies in comprehensive research of variability of personal pronouns and establishment of the dynamic norm and “quasi-norm” of the national literary standard of English language formed in the XIV century. The main conclusion consists in substantiation of the leading role of central dialects in comprising dynamic norm of the Middle English (namely with regards to pronouns), while the forms developed in the north and south should be attributed to quasi-norm.
To the problem of reception of Shakespearean motifs in dramaturgy of Anna Akhmatova
Authors: Lamzina Anna Vladislavovna
Published: January 2021

The subject of this research is the Shakespearean motifs in dramatic compositions of Anna Akhmatova. The research material contains the works of later period – draft of a movie script “On Pilots, or the Blind Mother”, and drama “Enūma Eliš”, which was destroyed and later restored by the author with numerous authorial commentaries and remarks. Akhmatova carefully examined the “Shakespeare question”, was familiar with his texts in the original, as well as translated a passage from “Macbeth”. She was well-versed in the historical connotations of Shakespeare's tragedies, considering Mary Stuart the prototype of Queen Gertrude and Lady Macbeth, and at the same time, rejected this image applicable to herself and her “alter ego” in literature. The main conclusions of this work consists in determination of the peculiar semantic tone of the set of motifs associated with “Hamlet” and “Macbeth” in dramaturgy of Anna Akhmatova, which includes: usurpation of power and envy of the rightful heir, mother – son conflict projected not only on Shakespeare's dramaturgy, but also on mythology, and through mythology on the author's poetry, motif of “drama within drama”, where masks and pseudonyms disguise the inward nature of the author. The direct and indirect quotations from “Hamlet” and “Macbeth” correlates the indicated set of motifs with biography of the author in “On the Pilots, or the Blind Mother” and “Enūma Eliš”, which substantiates the novelty of this research.
Rhythmic semantic structures of the “particular-universal” in the lyrics of the author song and their search algorithms
Authors: Zipunov Andrey , Valganov Sergei Vladimirovich
Published: January 2021

Cultural phenomena and their correlation with social processes spark specific scientific interest. One of such cultural trends is the author song of the 1950s – 1980s, which became the subject to this research. Adequate interpretation of the content of compositions and their connection with public life requires a particular toolset, especially due to the fact that some texts contain interesting semantic structures. In reading the lyrics, the alternation of fragments with opposite meanings was revealed. Generalization of these meanings to abstract concepts demonstrates that they comprise a semantic rhythm. One of such rhythmic structures consists in rotation of the particular and the universal. This article describes and formalizes the algorithm that resembles the principle of LR (k)-analyzer of context-free grammars, which was used for the analysis of two author songs:  “Ten Stars” by A. Krupp and “Romance of the Old Age” by A. Sukhanov based on the poetry of Omar Khayyám. In the indicated compositions, the author revealed common structures in form of the particular-universal rhythm and the motive of coping, as well as certain structural peculiarities. The songs under review differ in the degree of expression of dialectical contradiction of the “particular” and the “universal”. They also vary in the forms of translation of this semantic rhythm: through non-overlapping sets, additional orthographic dimensions, or storyline expansion on space-time scale.
Literary rhythm of the cycle by Isaac Babel “Red Cavalry”
Authors: Nizhnik Anna
Published: January 2021

This article examines the cycle by Isaac Babel “Red Cavalry in the context of literary trends of the 1920s. I. Babel avoided various literary organizations and loud manifestos; therefore, his role within the post-revolutionary literary system remains somewhat isolated: he had a reputation of a realist writer (although with some reservations) mostly due to specifically historical backstory of his military cycle. In this regard, his literary style is rarely viewed as a phenomenon of modernist literature – metareflective, intertextual, centered on the experiments with literary form. However, the works of I. Babel can be viewed as a characteristic to modernism phenomenon of “synthesis of arts” – not only painting and cinematography, but music as well. His musicality is traced both on the semantic level and particular recurring images, an on the level of rhythmic structure of the text. The article demonstrates “pretexts” (genre and stylistic models) that underlie the cycle “Red Cavalry”: folk songs, revolutionary marches, poetry of French symbolism (namely A. Rimbaud), which targeted to substitute versification with a rhythmic prose. Thus, some elements of I. Babel's prose are interpreted as variations of a free verse, which corresponds to the draft genre definitions given by the author to his stories, as well as to his writing style testified by some of his contemporaries.
Correlation between the health of first-year students and adaptation to educational environment of a medical university
Authors: Chizhkova Marina Borisovna
Published: January 2021

  The article presents the results of research on the place and role of health in the process of adaptation of future physicians to educational environment of a medical university. The subject of this article is the dependence of physical and psychological health of first-year students on the of adaptation and anxiety indicators in the university. The research methodology is based on the representation of health as the fundamental determinant responsible for the dynamic balance between students and the new conditions of professional becoming. Methodological toolset contains the following psychological techniques: questionnaires “Adaptation of Students in the University” (T. D. Dubovitskaya, A. V. Krylova), “Anxiety of the Students” (modification of the questionnaire J. Taylor), MOS SF-36 questionnaire (J. E. Ware, adapted by E. I. Shubochkina and co-authors.). The research was conducted during one academic year and consisted of two stages: October 2018 and in April 2019; reference set involved 120 first-year students (63 and 57 people respectively). Implementation φ-Fisher multifunctional, parametric Student’s t-test, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, interpretation and summary of statistical data analysis allowed making conclusions that comply with the set goal advanced hypotheses: the dynamics of subjective assessment by first-year students of their physical and psychological health is characterized with the extended physical and social functioning, endurance, life activity in the context of lower level of role functioning substantiated by the emotional distress; dependence of health on adaptation and anxiety indicators is most evident during the fall semester and least evident in the spring semester; shift of this vector from academic to social adaptation, as well as substantial reduction in the number of intercorrelations, mainstream the problem of the dynamics of determinant impact of health upon the success of initial educational period. The acquired data can find practical implementation in development of theoretical-methodological framework for coordinating the adaptation process of first-year students to the educational environment of a medical university.  
Analysis of the capacity for overcoming within the Russian psychological science
Authors: Manina Valeriia Alekseevna
Published: January 2021

The object of this article is the concept of the “capacity for overcoming” in research of the national psychological science. Quite a large number of research of the Russian psychologists and physiologist, such as I. P. Pavlov, I. M. Sechenov, S. N. Chkhartishvili, A. N. Leontiev, S. L. Rubinstein, etc., known as the founders of this psychological construct, are dedicated to studying the phenomenon of “overcoming”. The concept of “overcoming” is viewed in the context of willful behavior, reasonableness of actions, motivation for actions, self-regulation of behavior and activity. The author notes that the process of overcoming obstacles is different in humans and animals, as for humans the willful component is pivotal. The actions of a person when facing an obstacle – objective or subjective, is determined not by the primary motive, but rather by nature of the obstacle; the behavior strategy is formed depending on the characteristics of the emerged obstacle. A number of psychological research demonstrate that the concept of “overcoming” is examined not only in the context of will, but also as a complex process that involves temperament, separate qualities of the nervous system, personality traits, decision-making, motives, self-regulation skills, and other psychological constructs. The conclusion is made that the concept of “overcoming” is interdisciplinary, and requires further research, as well as analysis of formation of the capacity for overcoming in a human. The concept of “overcoming” was studied in a number of Russian psychological concepts, usually in the context of various psychological phenomena.
Network Representation Learning-Based Drug Mechanism Discovery and Anti-Inflammatory Response Against COVID-19
Authors: Xiaoqi Wang , Xin Bin , Xu Zhijian , LI Kenli , Li Fei , Zhong Wu , Tan Weihong , Peng Shaoliang
Published: January 2021

Recent studies have been demonstrated that the excessive inflammatory response is an important factor of death in COVID-19 patients. In this study, we proposed a network representation learning-based methodology, termed AIdrug2cov, to discover drug mechanism and anti-inflammatory response for patients with COVID-19. This work explores the multi-hub characteristic of a heterogeneous drug network integrating 8 unique networks. Inspired by the multi-hub characteristic, we design three billion special meta paths to train a deep representation model for learning low-dimensional vectors that integrate long-range structure dependency and complex semantic relation among network nodes. Using the representation vectors, AIdrug2cov identifies 40 potential targets and 22 high-confidence drugs that bind to tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α or interleukin(IL)-6 to prevent excessive inflammatory responses in COVID-19 patients. Finally, we analyze mechanisms of action based on PubMed publications and ongoing clinical trials, and explore the possible binding modes between the new predicted drugs and targets via docking program. In addition, the results in 5 pharmacological application suggested that AIdrug2cov significantly outperforms 5 other state-of-the-art network representation approaches, future demonstrating the availability of AIdrug2cov in drug development field. In summary, AIdrug2cov is practically useful for accelerating COVID-19 therapeutic development. The source code and data can be downloaded from https://github.com/pengsl-lab/AIdrug2cov.git.
XABOOM: An X-Ray Absorption Benchmark of Organic Molecules Based on Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen 1s → π ∗ Transitions
Authors: Fransson Thomas , Brumboiu Iulia Emilia , Vidal Marta L. , Norman Patrick , Coriani Sonia , Dreuw Andreas
Published: January 2021

Presenting a benchmark study on calculating X-ray absorption spectra, named XABOOM (X-ray absorption

benchmark of organic molecules), comparing the performance for considering 1s → π ∗ transitions using ADC, CC, TDDFT, and TP-DFT. Molecular structures and spectroscopic data is provided.
Noncanonical Heme Ligands Steer Carbene Transfer Reactivity in an Artificial Metalloprotein
Authors: Pott Moritz , Tinzl Matthias , Hayashi Takahiro , Ota Yusuke , Dunkelmann Daniel , Mittl Peer R. E. , Hilvert Donald
Published: January 2021

Changing the primary metal coordination sphere is a powerful strategy for modulating metalloprotein properties. Taking advantage of this approach, we have replaced the proximal histidine ligand in myoglobin with the histidine analogues Nd-methylhistidine (NMH), 5‑thiazoylalanine (5ThzA), 4-thiazoylalanine (4ThzA) and 3-(3-thienyl)alanine (3ThiA) by amber stop codon suppression using engineered pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetases, including two newly evolved enzymes. In addition to tuning the heme redox potential over a >200 mV range, these noncanonical ligands modulate the protein’s promiscuous carbene transfer activity with ethyl diazoacetate. Myoglobin variants with increased reduction potentials (NMH and 5ThzA) proved superior for cyclopropanation and N-H insertion, especially under aerobic conditions, and could even promote these reactions in the absence of reducing agent. In contrast, the variants with the lowest Eo values (4ThzA and 3ThiA) exhibit comparatively high S-H insertion activity even though the respective histidine surrogates do not coordinate the heme iron. Given the important functional roles played by histidine in many enzymes, these genetically encoded histidine analogues represent valuable tools for probing mechanism and enabling new chemistries in metalloproteins.
Phenylindolylmethyldiaminopyrimidines (PIDAPs) as Potent Antimicrobials Against Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Deming Margaret , King Alatheia , Coover Robert A , Fahrenholtz Cale D , Sarkar Aurijit
Published: January 2021

We have ascertained that phenylindolylmethyldiaminopyrimidines (PIDAPs), stop the growth of USA300 MRSA at low micromolar concentrations. The controls, penicillin G and vancomycin, are able to stop the growth of MRSA at ~765 μM (256 μg/mL) and ~1.38 μM (2 μg/mL) respectively. We have also found out that PIDAPs are bactericidal at or close to the MIC. No activity was observed against Gram-negative pathogens. Other Gram-positive pathogens have not yet been tested. Based on a search through the ChEMBL database, PIDAPs are a novel class of chemicals with antimicrobial properties. A limited structure-function study suggests that the diaminopyrimidine is part of the pharmacophore. Unfortunately, we also detected potential dose-limiting toxicity on human cell lines. Further, detailed studies are needed.
High-Resolution Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Combined with Machine Learning Data Processing for Isotope Amount Ratio Analysis of Lithium
Authors: Winckelmann Alexander , Nowak Sascha , Richter Silke , Recknagel Sebastian , Riedel Jens , Vogl Jochen , Panne Ulrich , Abad Carlos
Published: January 2021

An alternative method for lithium isotope amount ratio analysis based on a combination of high-resolution atomic absorption spectrometry and spectral data analysis by machine learning (ML) is proposed herein. It is based on the well-known isotope shift of approximately 15 pm for the electronic transition 22P←22S at around the wavelength of 670.8 nm, which can be measured by state-of-the-art high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. For isotope amount ratio analysis, a scalable tree boosting ML algorithm (XGBoost) was employed and calibrated using a set of samples with 6Li isotope amount fractions ranging from 0.06 to 0.99 mol mol−1, previously determined by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). The calibration ML model was validated with two certified reference materials (LSVEC and IRMM-016). The procedure was applied to the isotope amount ratio determination of a set of stock chemicals (Li2CO3, LiNO3, LiCl, and LiOH) and a BAM candidate reference material, that is, LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC111) cathode material. The results of these determinations were compared with those obtained by MC-ICP-MS and found to be metrologically comparable and compatible. The residual bias was −1.8‰ and the precision obtained ranged from 1.9‰ to 6.2‰. This precision was sufficient to resolve naturally occurring variations, as demonstrated for samples ranging from approximately −3‰ to +15‰. To assess its suitability to technical applications, the NMC111 cathode candidate reference material was analyzed using high-resolution continuum source molecular absorption spectrometry with and without matrix purification. The results obtained were metrologically compatible with each other.
Ultra-Bright Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles Based on Small-Molecule Ionic Isolation Lattices
Authors: Chen Junsheng , Fateminia S. M. Ali , Kacenauskaite Laura , Bærentsen Nicolai , Stenspil Stine Grønfeldt , Bredehoeft Jona , Martinez Karen L. , Flood Amar , Laursen Bo W.
Published: January 2021

Ultra-bright fluorescent nanoparticles hold great promise for demanding bioimaging applications. Recently, extremely bright molecular crystals of cationic fluorophores were obtained by hierarchical co-assembly with cyanostar anion-receptor complexes of associated counterions. These small-molecule ionic isolation lattices (SMILES) ensure spatial and electronic isolation to prohibit dye aggregation quenching. We report a simple, one-step supramolecular approach to formulate SMILES materials into nanoparticles. Rhodamine-based SMILES nanoparticles stabilized by glycol amphiphiles show high fluorescence quantum yield (30%) and brightness per volume (5000 M–1 cm–1 / nm3) with 400 dyes packed into 16-nm particles, corresponding to an absorption coefficient of 4 × 107 M–1 cm–1. UV excitation of the cyanostar component leads to highest brightness (>6000 M–1 cm–1 / nm3) by energy transfer to rhodamine emitters. Coated nanoparticles stain cells and are thus promising for bioimaging.
Too Much of a Good Thing? Assessing Performance Tradeoffs of Two-Electron Compounds for Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Neyhouse Bertrand , Fenton Jr Alexis , Brushett Fikile
Published: January 2021

Engineering redox-active compounds to support stable multi-electron transfer is an emerging strategy for enhancing the energy density and reducing the cost of redox flow batteries (RFBs). However, when sequential electron transfers occur at disparate redox potentials, increases in electrolyte capacity are accompanied by decreases in voltaic efficiency, restricting the viable design space. To understand these performance tradeoffs for two-electron compounds specifically, we apply theoretical models to investigate the influence of the electron transfer mechanism and redox-active species properties on galvanostatic processes. First, we model chronopotentiometry at a planar electrode to understand how the electrochemical response and associated concentration distributions depend on thermodynamic, kinetic, and mass transport factors. Second, using a zero-dimensional galvanostatic charge / discharge model, we assess the effects of these key descriptors on performance for a single half-cell. Specifically, we examine how different properties (i.e., average of the two redox potentials, difference between the two redox potentials, charging rate, mass transfer rate, and comproportionation rate) affect the electrode polarization and voltaic efficiency. Finally, we extend the galvanostatic model to include two-electron compounds in both half-cells, demonstrating compounding voltage losses for a full cell. These results evince limitations to the applicability of multi-electron compounds—as such, we suggest new directions for molecular and systems engineering that may improve the prospects of these materials within RFBs.
Enhanced Antibacterial activity of Capparis decidua fruit mediated Selenium Nanoparticle against Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Anushya P  , Preetha S  , Lavanya Prathap  , Jeevitha M
Published: January 2021

Nanotechnology has become one among the promising approaches for innovations which fulfil the human needs. Nanoparticles even have many applications in several fields like nanocomposites, medical imaging, nanobiocomposite filters, targeted drug delivery and hyperthermia of tumours. In which Selenium is an important micronutrient for living organisms. These nanoparticles are safe, eco friendly, inexpensive and nontoxic. Enterococcus faecalis  is an emergent gram - positive opportunistic pathogen that is the causative agent of several nosocomial infections and surgical wound infections. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly necessary to find other alternative treatments than commonly utilized drugs. The purpose of this study is to assess the antibacterial activity of Capparis decidua  fruit mediated selenium nanoparticles( cds-se Nps ) against Enterococcus faecalis. In this experimental study Se Nps were prepared by the reaction of 30mM sodium selenite solution and extracts of Capparis decidua. Antibacterial activity of SeNPs was assessed by using a disc diffusion method against Enterococcus faecalis. The SeNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometers. In the present study, the zone of inhibition shows 32mm, 35 mm, 37mm and 30 mm at concentration of 50 microliter, 100 microliter, 150 microliter and antibody respectively. The Capparis decidua  fruit mediated SeNp showed a good antibacterial activity against the pathogen Enterococcus faecalis
An Online Module Series to Prepare Pharmacists to Facilitate Cognitive Pharmaceutical Services
Authors: Deepalakshmi M  , Vijay V  , Navaneethakrishnan S  , Manikandan P  , Arun K P  , Ponnusankar S
Published: January 2021

An online module series offered to prepare pharmacists to facilitate cognitive pharmaceutical services. Four e-courses were uploaded in the e-based continuing pharmacy education (CPE) for community pharmacists. The four courses offered were the patient counselling aspects of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, peptic ulcer and asthma. Each course covered the necessary information about the disease, brief pathophysiology, treatment options, lifestyle modifications, expected side effects, ADR of treatment, Dos and Don’ts by the patients. The contents of these courses were presented online in the form of slides in reading format. The presentation included text, pictures and graphs. Out of 70 respondents, about 65.71% of (n=46) were male. Majority of the pharmacists (68.57%), (n=48) found to be D.Pharm. Holders Among 70 pharmacists about 55 pharmacists completed the patient counselling modules Majority of the respondents (n=38; 54%) believed that increasing the knowledge of the pharmacists would help to enhance the present status of pharmacy practice. More than three fourth (n=53; 76%) of the community pharmacists responded that continuing pharmacy education programs to be attended to develop their professional expertise. The feedback on the e-learn modules undergone by the participants was very encouraging and promising. All the participants agreed that the faculty of the module had got sound knowledge, and the modules were practical. This study's results suggest that a series of self-paced online modules with appropriate content can improve pharmacists confidence to provide cognitive pharmaceutical service.
Miswak starch-based gel as topical preparation for potential management of infective ulceration
Authors: Nadia Halib  , John Chong Keat Hon  , Rohazila Mohamad Hanafiah  , Izzah Syahirah Ahmad Azam  , Mohd Ikram Mohd Shamshuddin
Published: January 2021

Salvadora persica or Miswak is known for its antibacterial activities towards various bacteria species, including several oral pathogens. Although Miswak has many therapeutic potentials, the delivery medium is vital to ensure that the desired effects can be delivered to the target site. Ideally, starch is a biopolymer that exhibits muco-adhesive property, suitable as topical delivery material. Hence, this study was done to develop starch-based gel for Miswak antibacterial compound delivery system. In this study, Miswak hexane extract was incorporated into starch-based gels and stored at 4⁰C and room temperature. Miswak gel was tested for its antibacterial activity, and its stability was monitored by visual observation. As a result, the mean inhibitory zones of Miswak gels were found to be 22.67 ± 3.79  mm (4°C) and 20.67 ± 2.08 mm (room temperature) at day-1. The inhibitory zone decreased after 30 days with 13.00 ± 2.52 mm  (4°C),  and 12.00 ± 1.00 mm (room temperature). It was observed that the gels were stable where there were no colour changes, no phase separation and degradation, visualised up to day-60. In conclusion, the starch-based gel is a suitable delivery system for Miswak extract, thus as potential management for infective ulceration.
ORIF with Tension band wiring in transverse fractures of the patella-A prospective study
Authors: Yeshwanth subash  , Damodharan  , Vishnu S
Published: January 2021

Fractures of the patella account for 1% of all fractures and can be managed by both conservative and surgical means. By this study, we aimed to evaluate the functional outcome following ORIF (Open reduction and internal fixation) of transverse patellar fractures with TBW (Tension band wiring). Thirty patients with patellar fractures who presented between June 2011 to June 2014 were managed surgically and were followed up for three years. Functional analysis was performed using the Lysholm scoring system. The patients in our study had a mean age of 42.86 years ranging from 19 to 71 years. There were 18 males and 12 females in our study with the right knee being more commonly affected. The mean surgical time was 57.66 minutes ranging from 45 to 70 minutes, and the average blood loss was 180.5 ml ranging from 160 to 210 ml We were able to achieve a 100% union rate in our series with the average time to fracture union being 11.83 weeks. The mean Lysholm score was 87.80±11.20. All patients were satisfied with the functional outcome and were able to return to activities of work and daily living to the best possible extent. ORIF with TBW is an effective treatment option in the management of transverse fractures of the patella, and it gives good radiological and functional outcomes to the patients.
A cross-sectional study to assess the knowledge, attitude and risk- behaviour towards Road Safety among Undergraduate Medical Students, Kanchipuram, Chennai
Authors: Taarika Balaji  , Manju  , Timsi Jain
Published: January 2021

Road traffic accidents/injuries in recent times have become a major global epidemic and the most important cause of death among younger population of age group 15-29 years. Countries that have undergone extensive and rapid development face an increase in the number of road accidents. This is due to the motorisation associated with urbanisation and development. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the Undergraduate Medical students of a private medical college in Chennai. Two hundred and three participants were studied by convenient sampling method. Participants were from 1st year to 4th year, and the duration of the study was for three months. A pre-tested, semi-structured and self-administered questionnaire was given, and the desired information was elicited. Data was then analysed with the help of statistical package for the social sciences software (SPSS). Chi-square test was done to test the significance (p <0.05). Among 203 study participants, 121 (59.6%) of them had a driving license. The mean age of participants was found to be 19.99, and the standard deviation equals + 1.3 years. Significantly more number of participants having driving license stopped the vehicle for pedestrians to cross the road and stopped their vehicle at a zebra crossing. The highest positive response was seen in giving way to an ambulance in those with and without a license. The number of participants wearing helmet and seat-belt was less, and the knowledge about the speed limit on national highways was also low. Significant increase in the number of female participants wearing a seat-belt, helmet, following traffic rules, avoiding drunken driving and following speed limit was observed when compared to male participants. A multi-disciplinary approach towards creating more awareness and enforcing stringent laws is the urgent need of the hour to prevent mortality and morbidity due to Road Traffic Incident.
Treatment and Diagnosis Changes Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Isha Talwar
Published: January 2021

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is at the present a well-known disease disturbing 6% to 25% of women of reproductive age, based on their interpretation. Over the past three decades, research has led to it becoming a disease more common to internal medicine procedures, from relative medical obscurity. It impacts many processes and allows for an advanced health care approach for successful diagnosis. Metabolic disorders and related complications include insulin and diabetic resistance, hyperlipidemia, elevated blood pressure, fatty liver syndrome and sleep apnea. Oligo-/amenorrhea, endometrial hyperplasia and cancer are all reproductive complications. Depression and disordered behavior are both linked to psychosocial problems. Cosmetic problems may include hirsutism, androgenic alopecia and acne. The diagnosis of PCOS takes place only if the patients have at least 2 of the 3 symptoms, namely high (High Androgen level, Presence of ovarian cysts and Irregular Periods). Diagnosis is confirmed following a pelvic exam, blood tests along with an ultrasound to determine the structure of the ovaries. This analysis addresses the mnemonic "MY PCOS" in a multiple system approach and explores the diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for developmental, cosmetic and metabolic complications. This paper gives an analysis of polycystic ovary syndrome treatment for females. The debate must emphasize the various particular issue to be dealt with in the management of this situation mnemoic "MY PCOS".
Symphysiotomy Using Posterior Approach
Authors: Ali S Al-Qahtani  , Osamah A Al-Qahtani
Published: January 2021

The invention relates to an apparatus used in the separation of the Symphysis pubis joint from its posterior aspect. This process medically named as Symphysiotomy. The apparatus consists of 3 parts: (1). Size 14G cannula which is 14cm in length, made of stainless steel and has a sharp bevel and thickened posterior part to enable the user to have a good grip on it during usage. (2). A stylet 14cm long made of stainless steel to fit in the inside of the cannula to prevent coring of the tissues during the introduction of the cannula. It has a vertical end to stop the advancement inside the cannula. (3). A cutter which is 14cm long and made of stainless steel and fits inside the cannula when the stylet is removed. Its front part is sharp on one side to cut through the ligament and cartilage of the symphysis pubis from its posterior aspect. Its back has a half-circle end to prevent the cutter from advancing beyond the bevel of the cannula inside the tissues. This is a life-saving operation and used to widen the diameter of the pelvis during certain situations of obstructed delivery of the baby. The design of the apparatus and instructions of its use enable doctors and midwives to perform the symphysiotomy procedure once they are trained on its use. The use of the invention avoids bleeding, injury to urethra and bladder, and avoids the formation of skin scar. The symphysiotomy scalpel obtained patent status from the King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (5910 dated 20 May 2018).
Endometrial compaction and serum progesterone measurements at the day of embryo transfer cannot predict pregnancy outcomes in frozen-thaw embryo transfer cycles
Authors: Dalal M. Al Jarrah  , Manal Taha Al Obaidi  , Itlal J. AL Asadi
Published: January 2021

Endometrial receptivity plays a basic role in successful embryo implantation and pregnancy outcomes and can be assessed by many of non-invasive markers. Our study evaluated the impact of two of these markers specifically serum progesterone and endometrial thickness at embryo transfer day in prediction pregnancy outcomes on (60) patients attempting medicated frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. All patients were received sequential estrogen & progesterone medications for endometrial preparation then submitted to measurements of endometrial thickness (EMT) by transvaginal-ultrasound (TV-US) & serums progesterone (P) analysis at the embryo transfer day, thereafter day 3 verified-thawed embryos grades (A±B) were transferred. Compacted (decreased) EMT was seen in 48.3% of patients with higher pregnancy rate (PR) of 58.6%t than non-compacted EMT (no change or increased) which was seen in 51.7% of patients with (PR) of 29.0%, (P value=0.021). However ongoing pregnancy rate (Ong PR) not differed significantly between both groups (44.8% in compacted vs 25.8% in non-compacted, P value=0.053), also the means of serum P not differed between pregnant and non-pregnant patients (P value=0.374). ROC curves for Ong PR prediction in relations to endometrial compaction & serum progesterone at embryo transfer day were poor (AUC= 0.630, & AUC=0.576, respectively). This study suggested that endometrial compaction or serum P levels measurements at embryo transfer day were poor predictors for ongoing pregnancy where any kind of EMT changes (decreased or not) seen after P administration not significantly affect pregnancy outcomes in frozen-thaw cycles of cleavage stage embryos transfer.
La soledad andina en tres versiones de “Sapachallayki”
Authors: Martínez Arias Christian Elías
Published: January 2021

Este ensayo analiza la figura del wakcha o el sentimiento de soledad en el canto “Sapachallayki wak’achkask’anki” (“Llorabas solo, patito”), perteneciente al libro bilingüe Canto kechwa, de José María Arguedas. Junto a la versión en quechua y en español, también será estudiada una traducción al inglés. Hemos juntado estas tres versiones para evidenciar las alteraciones de la traducción y demostrar que estas resultan no ser unas simples transformaciones superficiales o anecdóticas, sino que más bien dejan ver unos cambios de perspectiva significativos sobre un mismo fenómeno; en este caso, la soledad.
Estudio comparado del principio de concentración en el Código Orgánico General de Procesos del Ecuador y en el Código General del Proceso de Uruguay
Authors: Guevara Ruiz Santiago Danilo , Zerpa Bonillo Sonia Mercedes , Mendoza Escalante Pablo Ricardo
Published: January 2021

El Principio de concentración constituye, sin lugar a duda, uno de los principios procesales de mayor relevancia en cualquier ordenamiento jurídico. Aporta rapidez, agilidad a los procesos, sin perder eficacia y validez en los actos procesales, que se logran reunir en un solo momento. En Ecuador, aunque la Constitución de 2008 prevé este principio, el vigente Código Orgánico General de Procesos (COGEP) no lo establece de forma expresa, contrario a la legislación procesal uruguaya, que si lo define formalmente en su normativa. Este es el punto central sobre el que se centró el presente estudio, delimitar la insuficiencia del COGEP en materia de regulación de este principio, teniendo como referente la legislación uruguaya, y en base a ello se propuso una reforma pertinente.
La migración en los pobladores de Ñuñungayocc, del distrito de Palca-Huancavelica
Authors: Enciso Huamani Edith , Chavez Castellanos Karina
Published: January 2021

La migración es un fenómeno social originado por determinadas circunstancias y condiciones materiales, motivo por el cual en la presente se abordará sobre los factores que provocaron la migración de los pobladores del anexo de Ñuñungayocc, del distrito de Palca hacia la ciudad de Huancavelica. Como metodología, la muestra es reconocida con el término de unidad de análisis, sin embargo, en la muestra se ha considerado a cuatro personas y a sus respectivos padres de familia quienes contribuyeron a obtener los resultados mediante la triangulación hermenéutica. En las conclusiones se establece que la migración fue determinada por el factor económico.