bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From the editor
Authors: Rahimi Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ali
Published: May 2017

Â Message from Editor Dear Readers,It is a great honor for us to publish August 2016 Vol 6 No 4 of Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching (GJFLT).Please follow the link below:http://www.gjflt.eu/Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching welcomes original empirical investigations and comprehensive literature review articles focusing on foreign language teaching and topics related to linguistics. GJFLT is an international journal published quarterly and it is a platform for presenting and discussing the emerging developments in foreign language teaching in an international arena.The scope of the journal includes, but is not limited to; the following major topics: Cultural studies, Curriculum Development and Syllabus Design, Discourse Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), General Linguistics, Globalization Studies and world Englishâ€™s, Independent/Autonomous Learning, Information and Computer Technology in TEFL, Innovation in language, Teaching and learning, Intercultural Education, Language acquisition and learning, Language curriculum development, Language education, Language program evaluation, Language Testing and Assessment, Literacy and language learning, Literature, Mobile Language Learning, Pragmatics, Second Language, Second Language Acquisition, Second Language Acquisition Theory, Digital Literacy Skills, Second Language Learners, Second Language Learning, Second language Pedagogy, Second Language Proficiency, Second Language Speech, Second Language Teaching, Second Language Training, Second Language Tutor, Second language Vocabulary Learning, Teaching English as a Foreign/ Second Language, Teaching Language Skills, Translation Studies, Applied linguistics, Cognitive linguistics.Teachersâ€™ Beliefs and Studentsâ€™ Experiences, Indonesian University Studentsâ€™ Vocabulary Mastery, Multiple Language Learning, Idiom Transformation and Modification, Computer-Assisted Language Learning, Writing Achievement, Complex Sentence Structures in Patients with Schizophrenia, and The Effect of Second Life on Speaking Achievement have been included in this issue. The topics of the next issue will be different. We are trying to serve you with our journal with a rich knowledge through which different kinds of topics will be discussed in 2017 issues.We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.Best regards,Associate Professor Dr. Ali Rahimi,Editor â€“ in Chief, Bangkok University
Nota dos Editores
Authors: Suzigan Wilson
Published: May 2017

O terceiro volume da RBI oferece-nos bons augúrios quanto à sua fixação nos debates acadêmico e público. O interesse dos leitores, traduzido em novas solicitações de assinaturas e acessos à edição da Internet, tem acompanhado o crescimento do número de submissões. Ele permite a composição de um volume mais equilibrado, entre temas nacionais e internacionais, teóricos, históricos e aplicados. A partir do próximo número, o padrão de qualidade que a RBI vem construindo, com os seus autores e pareceristas, ver-se-á reconhecido também pelo sistema de avaliação de periódicos da CAPES. A nossa satisfação por este reconhecimento acadêmico deve expressar-se pelo nosso agradecimento a tantos quantos nos ajudaram, abnegadamente, a construir a qualidade da Revista e a alimentar o crescente interesse da comunidade acadêmica e do público em geral.
Eduardo Baumgratz Viotti & Mariano de Matos Macedo (orgs.) - Indicadores de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação no Brasil
Authors: Brisolla Sandra Negraes
Published: May 2017

Indicadores são pistas, indícios,. trilhas que seguimos em busca da compreensão dos nexos que relacionam variáveis responsáveis por fenômenos econômico-sociais, políticos e culturais que afetam a vida em sociedade. Mais do que estatísticas isoladas, os indicadores são variáveis relativas, organizadas em grupos, e pretendem formar um conjunto coerente que represente um sistema em suas múltiplas determinações. São, portanto, reflexos de conceitos e, como tais, voláteis e em constante transformação, acompanhando o avanço do conhecimento da realidade que pretendem mimetizar.
Textile Value Chain Marketing in the Era of Omnipotent Consumers, Omnichannel Retail, and Omnipresent Compliance Demands - PREMIUM PRINT EDITION
Authors: Bishop Margaret L.
Published: May 2017

Today power is in the hands of the consumer. Technology is revolutionizing our products, how we learn about them, and how we buy them. Increasing regulations constrain their design, production, and marketing. A concept to consumer, value chain approach to business brings current and future business leaders a vitally important, customer-first, value-driven marketing perspective not offered by the traditional make-and-deliver textile and apparel supply chain approach.

This textbook explains the apparel and home textile value chains for students and working professionals and examines textile marketing throughout. Readers will explore a comprehensive array of contemporary issues and technology to facilitate and safeguard marketing success.

Because design, raw materials, production, and sourcing are inexorably intertwined in the process of creating and delivering the goods today’s consumers want, at a price they can afford, this book addresses these topics. With the apparel and home textile industries spanning six continents, this textbook includes an overview of importing, trade agreements, non-tariff barriers, and government regulations. As the key to protecting reputation, brand and regulatory compliance is reviewed. Readers will explore leading practices in big data, branding, and communications vehicles necessary for success in today’s apparel and home textile marketing. The textbook introduces the latest technology in market analytics, design, product development, production, sourcing, marketing, and retail. Sustainability is an overarching theme, infused throughout each chapter but also addressed as a topic in its own right. From product concept and raw materials to the end consumer, this book provides the reader with an up to the minute understanding of product development, production, sourcing, and marketing across the value chain.

This edition is the premium print edition offering enhanced color and clarity of photographic images.
Determinants of Profitability and Firm Value: Evidence from Indonesian Banks
Authors: Tui Sutardjo , Nurnajamuddin Mahfud , Sufri Mukhlis , Nirwana Andi
Published: May 2017

This study aims to analyze the effect of intellectual capital, firm size and bank liquidity on profitability and firm value. The experiment was conducted in the banking industry listed in Indonesia stock exchange from 2013 to 2015 as many as 40 banks. Data were analyzed using of Analysis of Moment Structures Ver.22. The results showed (1) intellectual capital has a positive and significant effect on the firm profitability and firm value; (2) firm size have a positive and insignificant effect on the firm profitability and firm value; (3) liquidity has a positive and significant effect on firm profitability, but liquidity have a negative not significant effect on the firm value; and (4) the firm profitability has a positive and significant effect on firm value.
Gesture Control of Robotic Arm
Authors: Y. Dharshan , S. Vivek , S. Saranya , V.R. Aarthi , T. Madhumathi
Published: May 2017

Robots have become a key technology in various fields. Robotic arms are mostly remote controlled by buttons or panels and sometimes in batch process they are autonomous. The usage of panel boards or control sticks includes a lot of hardwiring and subject to malfunction.  It also induces some stress on the operators. Hence major chemical industries like cosmetic manufacturing, paint manufacturing and Biosynthesis laboratory etc., which deals with hazardous environment due to the chemicals and other bio substances, involve humans for the processing. The aim is to reduce the bulk of wiring in the robotic arms and reduce the effort and number of operators in controlling the robotic arm operations. To implement gestures into the process this would be a major breakthrough. This can also be used as pick & place robot, a cleaning robot in chemical industries where a human does not need to directly involved in the process of cleaning the chemicals and also for coating underground tanks.
الإستراجيات في تعليم مهارة القراءة بالمنهج الدراسي 2013 لدي طلاب الصف العاشر لقسم الطلاب الأذكيارالمتفوقين بالمدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية الحكومية الأولى تولونج أجونج
Authors: ياني نور
Published: May 2017

كان المنهج الدراسي 2013 منهجا جديدا يطبَّق منذ العام الدراسي 2013/2014. فلأجل فعليّة التعليم في تطبيق هذا المنهج محتاجإلى الإستراتيجية الخاصة. يتضمن فيه تعليم مهارة القراءة للغة العربية. لقد طبّقت المدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية الحكومية الأولى تولونج أجونج المنهج الدراسي 2013منذ عام 2013كالمدرسة النموذجية. فكان هذا البحث للوصف عن الإستراتيجيات في تعليم مهارة القراءة بالمنهج الدراسي 2013لدى الطلاب الأذكياء المتفَوقين في المدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية الحكومية الأولى تولونج أجونج
تعليم مهارة الكتابة باستخدام طرائق الإملاء بالتطبيق على تلاميذ المدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية الحكومية "تورين" مالانج
Authors: الليلة عزة
Published: May 2017

ملخص: لعل من نافلة القول وفضوله الإشارةَإلىأهمية مهارة الكتابة في تعليم اللغةالعربية، وارتباَطتطورطرائقالإملاء بتطورها. وماآلإليهأمُرتعليماللغة العربية من ضع ٍف عاّم تجاوز التلاميذ في جميع مراحل التعليم الثانوي وعاّمة المثقفين وغير المختصين إلى غير قليل من ذوي الاختصاص في علوم العربية.مما لا يكاد يبرأ منه انتشاُر الأخطاء اللغوية الشائعة في الكتابة والنطق، على اختلافأنواعالكتابة، وتفاوت مستوياتأصحابها، وفشُّوالعاميّات، معكبير قصورها عن التعبير العلمي الدقيق، واستئثارها بغير قليل من الاهتمام والذيوع في وسائل الإعلام المكتوبة والمرئية والمسموعة، فضلاً عّما تلقاه من دعم جها ٍتكثيرة لدوا ٍع عّدة، بل تعّدى استعماُلُا الأموَر الحياتية إلىكثير من الفصول والقاعات الدراسية في جميع مراحل التعليم وفي غير قليل من المدار س عزة الليلة،تعليم مهارة الكتابة باستخدام طرائق الإملاء الثانوية، ممّا أسهم في زيادة ضعفالتلاميذ فيمهارة الكتابة. على أن أكثر ما يتجلّى به الضعف بالعربية هو الأخطاء الكتابية الناتجة في المدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية الحكومية "تورين" مالانجعن عدم معرفة أصول الإملاءالصحيح
إستراتيجيات تعليم مهارة الكلام لطلبة قسم تعليم اللغة العربية للمستوى الأول في جامعة كديري الإسلامية الحكومية
Authors: أوليا عندي
Published: May 2017

إن الكلام هو المهارة الإنتاجية الأولى في مجال تعليم اللغة العربية وكثير من المدرسين في الجامعة أو المعهد يهتم بتعليم اللغة العربية اهتماما جيدا. فهم يرون أن مهارة الكلام في مرتبة الأولى على المهارة الأر بعة، لأن الإنسانيتعلم منذ صغره الكلام من أبويه قبل أن يتعلم مهارة الكتابةأو القراءة أو الاستماع. لتعليم مهارة الكلام يحتاج المعلم إلى الإستراتيجية المناسبة، كما عرفنا أن الإستراتيجية هي الأنماط العامة لأنشطة المعلم و الطلاب في إيجاد النشاط التعليمي هدفا إلى نيل الأغراض التي تم بتعيينها. كذلك لتنمية هذه المهارة تستلزم إعداد برنامج مناسب و مخطط لتحقيق أهداف محددة مستمدة من أسس الحوار الفعال و من أهداف تعليم اللغة العربية في مرحلة دراسية معينة، بحيث يشتمل البرنامج على صياغة الأهداف واختيار و تنظيم المحتوى و تحديد طرق التدريس والأنشطة والوسائل التعليمية والأساليب والتقويم المناسبة
Todros Abulafia: um poeta judeu na corte do rei sábio
Authors: Kirschbaum Saul
Published: May 2017

A vida dos judeus na Idade Média ibérica costuma ser dividida em três períodos: o do Califado de Córdoba, o das taifas, e o sob domínio cristão. No período das taifas, conhecido como Idade de Ouro, a atividade cultural atingiu seu ápice.A época sob domínio cristão, cerca de 1200 até a expulsão em 1492, porém, é considerada o período pós-clássico; às vezes é chamada de Idade de Prata, pois, para muitos críticos, é um período de epigonismo. Por esse motivo, esta produção literária é pouco estudada.Para outros, porém, alguns dos principais poetas desta época teriam ultrapassado os padrões árabes, pois eram fluentes no idioma romance de Castela, além de conhecedores da literatura cristã e familiarizados com as obras dos troubadours; teriam dado origem a uma poética bastante original.Este artigo aborda algumas aproximações entre a obra dos poetas judeus e a poética em voga entre os cristãos, com ênfase no gênero Cantigas de Escárnio e em um de seus expoentes, o poeta Todros Abulafia.
Do texto ao traçado cartográfico: as representações das Sortes Apostolorum nos mapas-múndi dos Beatos (séculos X-XIII)
Authors: Borges Thiago
Published: May 2017

O presente estudo encontra-se estruturado na análise iconográfica, cartográfica e simbólica de uma tipologia específica de mapas-múndi medievais provenientes das cópias do Comentário ao Apocalipse do Beato de Liébana. De tradição orósio-isidoriana, as expressões cartográficas legadas pela tradição dos Beatos apresentam uma complexa rede de fontes textuais possibilitaram a construção de um universo simbólico e atemporal em que elementos bíblicos, históricos e imaginários coexistem em um plano perfeitamente homogêneo. Fundamentadas por expressões literárias específicas, estas imagines mundi nasceram da intensa necessidade de expressar a universalidade de uma crença que se estendeu por todos os cantos da Terra. Portanto, desde suas mais remotas origens até a progressiva desconstrução de seus sentidos primordiais, nossos olhares estarão particularmente voltados às diferentes formas de representação cartográfica das Sortes Apostolorum, buscando ali a mais íntima essência do mundo dos Beatos.
O texto polêmico ou a polêmica do texto: eremitismo, literatura e sociedade na Chartres do século XII
Authors: De Carvalho Godoy Castanho Gabriel
Published: May 2017

O presente artigo aborda os versus Pagani Bolotini de falsis heremitis qui vagando discurrunt, escrito por um cônego de Chartres (atual França) no início do século XII. Redigido em um momento de grande efervescência sócio-religiosa marcada pelo recrudescimento ascético e moral da chamada “reforma gregoriana”, o poema nos oferece a possibilidade de abordar a temática eremítica medieval segundo um enfoque renovador: a dinâmica entre literatura e sociedade. Inserido em uma abordagem mais ampla que visa compreender a sociedade como uma totalidade (cujas partes estão sempre em movimento), o procedimento de pesquisa empregado nesse artigo busca conciliar metodologias históricas, literárias e codicológicas a fim de explicitar os fundamentos do processo argumentativo através do qual o poeta construiu a imagem social do falso eremita.
Relatos ocidentais sobre os khanatos mongóis: Pian di Carpine e Rubruck (século XIII)
Authors: Palazzo Carmen Lícia
Published: May 2017

No século XIII muitos viajantes europeus estiveram na Ásia percorrendo caminhos que, bem mais adiante, a partir do século XIX , ficariam conhecidos como Rota da Seda. Nenhum deles, porém, deixou relatos tão significativos quanto os de Giovanni di Pian di Carpine e Guilherme de Rubruck. Ambos partiram em épocas diferentes (1245 e 1253, respectivamente) com o objetivo de contatar os mongóis para melhor conhecer a ameaça que poderiam representar para a Europa e também para avaliar uma eventual possibilidade de encontrar, entre os khans, cristãos convertidos que pudessem tornar-se aliados dos europeus contra os muçulmanos. Pian di Carpine foi enviado pelo Papa Gregório IV em uma missão com características diplomáticas enquanto Rubruck, cujo patrono era Luís IX, viajou como missionário, embora também em busca de aliados. E os dois deixaram obras diferenciadas mas fundamentais para que os povos das estepes se tornassem mais conhecidos de uma Europa que naquele momento já estendia seus olhares para fora de si mesma.
Os monstros na cultura medieval
Authors: Soares Paulo Roberto De Núñez
Published: May 2017

Neste artigo, apresentamos uma reflexão sobre o processo de construção e os usos dados às imagens de monstros na cultura medieval. Monstro, etimologicamente, vincula-se à ideia de mostrar. A natureza e suas criaturas eram percebidas em dois níveis, um literal e outro alegórico. As figuras monstruosas, quer tenham sido grafadas em algum suporte ou apenas referidas em textos e falas, apresentavam-se como construções compósitas, em que cada elemento trazia uma nova camada de sentidos possíveis e ampliavam seu sentido alegórico. A realidade desses seres era averiguada a partir de critérios de conveniência em relação aos sentidos que carregavam. A análise destas figuras passa, necessariamente, por um processo de interpretação que deve levar em conta a ambiguidade intrínseca a esses seres e as múltiplas funções que desempenhavam
Onomástica cortesã no século XV - Os moradores da casa real
Authors: Leme Margarida Paes
Published: May 2017

Com este trabalho pretende-se dar um contributo ao estudo da antroponímia medieval em Portugal, nomeadamente da antroponímia da nobreza e em geral das classes mais altas da sociedade, usando como fonte de informação as listas já publicadas de moradores da Casa Real, ou seja as dos moradores da Casa de D. João I, que cobrem os anos de 1406 a 1414 e as da Casa de D. Afonso V, para o período de 1462 a 1481.
A depth–duration–frequency analysis for short-duration rainfall events in England and Wales
Authors: Prosdocimi Ilaria , Stewart Elizabeth J. , Vesuviano Gianni
Published: May 2017

This study presents a depth–duration–frequency (DDF) model, which is applied to the annual maxima of sub-hourly rainfall totals of selected stations in England and Wales. The proposed DDF model follows from the standard assumption that the block maxima are generalised extreme value (GEV) distributed. The model structure is based on empirical features of the observed data and the assumption that, for each site, the distribution of the rainfall maxima of all durations can be characterised by common lower bound and skewness parameters. Some basic relationships between the location and scale parameters of the GEV distributions are enforced to ensure that frequency estimates for different durations are consistent. The derived DDF curves give a good fit to the observed data. The rainfall depths estimated by the proposed model are then compared with the standard DDF models used in the United Kingdom. The proposed model performs well for the shorter return periods for which reliable estimates of the rainfall frequency can be obtained from the observed data, while the standard methods show more variable results. Although the standard methods used no or little sub-hourly data in their calibration, they give fairly reliable estimates for the estimated rainfall depths overall.
Effect of pH on selective decomposition of target water contaminants onto porous TiO2 photocatalyst
Authors: Zakersalehi Abolfazl , Choi Hyeok
Published: May 2017

Non-selectivity of TiO2-based photocatalysis is a known drawback of this technology for full scale water treatment applications. It results in significant decline in decomposition of toxic target contaminants when other non-toxic organic compounds such as natural organic matter (NOM) compete in the reaction. Previously, size exclusion of large NOM onto the mesoporous structure of TiO2 photocatalyst was proven to improve the selective decomposition of small size target chemicals. In this study, manipulation of reaction pH as a crucial parameter in governing the adsorption and decomposition of organic chemicals was combined with the size exclusion of NOM. The effects of size-based adsorption/exclusion and pH-dependent electrostatic attraction/repulsion were investigated by using humic acid as model NOM and ibuprofen and methylene blue as model target contaminants. Adsorption and decomposition of the targets were dependent on their hydrodynamic size and ionization state. Mesoporous TiO2 suppressed physical access of large NOM onto its surface while reaction pH influenced the surface charge of TiO2 and the speciation of the chemicals and thus controlled their adsorption and decomposition. The results imply that selecting a proper pH can significantly improve selective decomposition of a target onto porous TiO2 in the presence of NOM.
Techno-economical evaluation of nitrate removal using continuous flow electro-coagulation process: optimization by Taguchi model
Authors: Karamati Niaragh E. , Alavi Moghaddam M. R. , Emamjomeh M. M.
Published: May 2017

This study aims to investigate the effect of the main parameters on the performance of a continuous flow electro-coagulation (EC) process for nitrate removal efficiency and its operating costs. For this purpose, the Taguchi experimental design with orthogonal array L27 (313) was applied to analyze the effects of selected parameters, namely initial nitrate concentration, inlet flow rate, current density and initial pH. According to the analysis of variance results, the inlet flow rate and the current density were recognized to be the most effective factors playing a pivotal role in nitrate removal efficiency by using an EC process. The optimum conditions of initial nitrate concentration, inlet flow rate, current density and initial pH were found to be 100 mg/L, 50 mL/min, 80 A/m2 and 8, respectively. As a result, the observed nitrate removal efficiency under these conditions was 61.70%. In addition, operating costs were evaluated as 1.278 US$/g NO3-removed. Finally, a high correlation was observed between the experimental and predicted results indicating an appropriate accuracy of the Taguchi model for nitrate removal efficiency and its operating costs in an EC system.
Optimization of hydrometric monitoring network in urban drainage systems using information theory
Authors: Yazdi J.
Published: May 2017

Regular and continuous monitoring of urban runoff in both quality and quantity aspects is of great importance for controlling and managing surface runoff. Due to the considerable costs of establishing new gauges, optimization of the monitoring network is essential. This research proposes an approach for site selection of new discharge stations in urban areas, based on entropy theory in conjunction with multi-objective optimization tools and numerical models. The modeling framework provides an optimal trade-off between the maximum possible information content and the minimum shared information among stations. This approach was applied to the main surface-water collection system in Tehran to determine new optimal monitoring points under the cost considerations. Experimental results on this drainage network show that the obtained cost-effective designs noticeably outperform the consulting engineers’ proposal in terms of both information contents and shared information. The research also determined the highly frequent sites at the Pareto front which might be important for decision makers to give a priority for gauge installation on those locations of the network.
Problematyka odzwierciedlenia charyzmatu instytutu zakonnego w jego prawie własnym
Authors: SZEWCZUL BOŻENA
Published: May 2017

Present revision of the own law in the Institutes of consecrated life is associated with certain diculty. It is the theological and legal expression of charism in accordance with the intentions of the Founders, in order to save the identity of the Communions founded by them, in spite of the social, economic, and cultural life changes in the course of time. That’s why – in the first place – the article explained the very idea of cha- rism, and shown the problem of diversity of the Holy Spirit gis related to it, such as Founder’s charism, charism of the Institute foundation, Institute charism, and founding charism. Further on in the article, they presented the idea of the spiritual herritage (patrimonium) of the Institute, and its relation to Institute’s charisms.e ve component elements of Institute herritage were described, which are very useful during the constitution renewal, e.g. nature of Institute, its character, purpose, spirit and sound traditions.ey also presented the necessity of expressing the charisms and patrimonium in all areas of the Institute life, and their own rules of laws, which regulate them.
Kanoniczne sankcje karne za przestępstwa majątkowe
Authors: KALETA PAWEŁ
Published: May 2017

Financial malfeasance, both in the eld of administration and alienation of ecclesiastical goods might contribute to nancial losses, unnecessary scandal of the faithful, as well as the weakening of public trust. In order to prevent such malfeasance, the Church must seek eective methods which will allow to observe the canon law. e aim of this article was to show the penalties for the nancial malfeasance in the canonical legal system. Interestingly that ecclesiastical legislator does not use the concept of „nancial malfeasance”. However, we can nd nine examples of nancial malfeasances in Book VI of the 1983 Code. e following actions can be related to nancial malfeasances: 1) impeding the use of ecclesiastical goods (can.1375), 2) invalid alienation of ecclesiastical goods (can. 1377), 3) simony (can. 1380), 5) illegitimate prot from Mass oerings (can. 1385), 6) bribery (can. 1386), 7) abuse of authority and culpable negligence in performing act of ecclesiastical power or ministry or oce (can. 1389 §1-2), 8) production and use of false documents (can. 1391), 9) clerics carrying out commercial activities (can. 1392).For such oenses, the legislator determines penalties ferendae sententiae which may be imposed on the oender by judicial or administrative process. e legislator does not provide for penalties latae sententiae for nancial malfeasances. For simony and illegitimate prots from Mass oerings leg- islator provides for a penalty of imposing censure. In the case of simony is mandatory sanction (c. 1380), while for the oense of illegitimate prots from Mass oerings is optional one (can. 1385). It can be supposed that the most severe penal sanctions for nancial malfeasance is deprivation of oce that the judge may impose, depend- ing on the severity and harm done. is is an optional penal imposed for abusing of ecclesiastical power or an oce (can. 1389 § 1). In other cases, the ecclesiastical legislator provides for a just penalty ferendae sententiae. If penalties are indeterminate their imposition belongs to the Ordinary or judge. e particular law is to be observed which in place of indeterminate penalty ferendae sententiae it may establish a penalty determined or obli- gated (can. 1315 § 1). In accordance with can. 1317 particular law can not establish a penalty of dismissal from the clerical state.
Kwestionowanie legitymacji prawa jako forma ochrony godności człowieka i obywatela
Authors: KONARSKI MARCIN
Published: May 2017

This article is about the behavior patterns that challenge the legitimacy of the law. e analysis focuses on the basic forms of questioning the le- gitimacy of such rights namely the right to resistance, civil disobedience and revolution. e considerations made in this article are designed to synthetic analysis of the issues related to the questioning of state power by the citizens. e questions which are the subject of the following scientic reection of an academic nature can be examined from the point of view of dierent branches of science. ey are intensely analyzed on the ground of philosophy of history, political and economic history, political science, and many others. What seems obvious, in this paper emphasis is put on the subject of study of the law. e rights to resistance, civil disobedience and revolution as forms of challenging the legitimacy of the law are insuciently elaborated on in the science of the law and constitute a research area which few representatives of jurisprudence have the courage to step into. Typically, the aforementioned issues are raised in the science of the constitutional law however in a clearly insucient way. For centuries, problems related to challenging the legitimacy of the law have been the subject of interest of the philosophy of the law and it is mainly there where we can nd both questions and answers related to the binding force of the law as a system of norms of behaviour of particular importance. e following considerations are aimed at indicating basic theses to be coped with by a modern researcher focused on these socio-legal phenomena. Secondly, the following scientic reections onto the forms of challenging the legitimacy of the law stimulate further research onto the area which should denitely be carried out due to its importance and nature, as well as meaning in the context of problems we face in modern times.
Godność osoby ludzkiej podstawą prawa do wolności religijnej
Authors: WROCEŃSKI JÓZEF
Published: May 2017

Autor w swoim opracowaniu przedstawił sytuację wakatu Stolicy Apostolskiej spowodowaną śmiercią papieża lub jego rezygnacją do momentu wyboru nowego papieża. Zobrazował omawiany okres poprzez analizę najważniejszych dokumentów papieskich: papieża Pisa XII, Pawła VI i obecnie obowiązującej Konstytucji Jana Pawła II, regulującej kwestię wakatu w sposób aktualny i kompleksowy. Poruszył też kwestię uprawnień kolegium kardynałów w zakresie kierowania Kościołem powszechnym podczas wakatu. Przedstawił również funkcjonowanie poszczególnych urzędów Kurii Rzymskiej, z rozróżnieniem na te, które pomimo wakatu funkcjonują nadal i na te, które w tym okresie przestają działać. Analiza porównawcza poszczególnych dokumentów papieskich doprowadziła do następujących wniosków: 1) wakat Stolicy Apostolskiej może nastąpić w wyniku śmierci papieża lub rezygnacji z pełnionego urzędu. Nie może on być pozbawiony urzędu ani z niego usunięty. Wynika to z faktu, że papież pełni w Kościele najwyższy urząd i że nie ma nad papieżem innej kompetentnej osoby lub urzędu. 2) W czasie wakatu kolegium kardynalskie wykonuje swoją władzę na dwojakiego rodzaju zebraniach: ogólnych i partykularnych. 3) Nowością reformy Jana Pawła II jest rotacja kardynałów asystentów wchodzących w skład zebrania partykularnego. 4) Należy też dodać, że chociaż reforma Jana Pawła II unormowana w konstytucji Universi Dominici gregis utrzymuje większość postanowień wydanych przez poprzedników to zarazem kontynuuje dzieło reformy centralnych instytucji Kościoła zarysowane w konstytucji Pastor Bonus i w nowym Kodeksie Prawa Kanonicznego.
Konkordat polski 1993 instrumentem zgody narodowej
Authors: DYDUCH JAN
Published: May 2017

Konkordat polski uwzględnia zasady konstytucyjne państwa polskiego i jego ustawy oraz wskazania Vaticanum II i normy prawa kanonicznego. Jego przewodnie idee to: autonomia i suwerenność Kościoła katolickiego i państwa polskiego oraz ich wzajemna współpraca. Z tej racji istnieje zbieżność niektórych postanowień Konkordatu z zasadami Konstytucji RP, dzięki czemu może on budować zgodę narodową i pokój społeczny w Polsce.
UMOCOWANIE DO ZAWARCIA UMOWY O ARBITRAŻ
Authors: Pazdan Jadwiga
Published: May 2017

Power to Conclude an Arbitration Agreement on Behalf of Another PersonSummaryThe legal character of an arbitration agreement is disputable in the Polish doctrine. However, it is undisputable that such an agreement may be concluded by an agent. I mean here a power of attorney of the substantive law, and not the power to represent in the court proceedings.A principal may expressly authorize an agent to conclude a particular arbitration agreement (a specific power of attorney) or to conclude all arbitration agreements (a generic power of attorney).A question, however, arises, whether an agent authorized to enter into a specific civil or commercial law contract or contracts of specific kind who was not expressly authorized by a principal to conclude an arbitration agreement may conclude such agreement in relation to the disputes which may result from these contracts. This question should be answered positively.An agent who was given only a general authorization to act on behalf of the principal, cannot in principle conclude an arbitration agreement, unless the dispute concerns the sphere in which an agent has a power to act. This sphere is confined to acts within a regular management.One should look for a law applicable to the power of attorney to conclude an arbitration agreement according to the method accepted generally in private international law for authorization, and not according to the rule applied in relation to a power to represent in the court proceedings.The Polish 1965 Private International Law Act does not determine the law applicable to the authorization. This gap should be filled using the following solution:a) the choice of law made by a principal (or by a principal and an agent) is effective against the third party , if this party knew about the choice or could and ought to have known about it,b ) in case of the lack of choice, the law of the country in which an agent permanently conducts his professional activity related to the authorization should be applied (the law of agent’s seat), if the third party with whom an agent concluded an agreement knew the agent’s seat or could, with due diligence, identify it,c ) in case of the lack of choice and when an agent has no permanent seat, one should apply the law where an agent acts.
Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Acorus calamus. L leaf and rhizome extracts
Authors: Li Kho See , Wah Chan Sook
Published: May 2017

Background: Acorus calamus (sweet flag) is a well-known traditional herb used in India. There were only limited studies done on both hydrophilic and hydrophobic extracts of A. calamus and the biological activities of phenolic and flavonoid compounds as well as alpha-asarone in the sweet flag.Objective: The present study was designed to explore the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic of A. calamus leaf and rhizome extracts. Lastly, the correlation between the biological activities and total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) as well as total alpha-asarone content (TAC) of three different extracts (water, hexane and methanol extracts) was revealed.Method: TAC was determined through using HPLC method, while TPC and TFC were determined through spectrophotometric method. DPPH-free radical scavenging assay (DPPH-FRS) and ferric reducing power assay (FRAP) were used to analyze antioxidant activity, whereby disc diffusion method was used to analyze the antibacterial activity.Results: Methanol extracts had significantly (p<0.05) highest levels of antioxidant activities, antibacterial activity TPC (4.466%1; 3.603%2) and TFC (12.819%1; 7.411%2) content. The significant (p<0.05) highest TAC was observed in hexane extracts (0.762%1; 2.975%2). TPC (p<0.05; r=0.855) and TFC (p<0.05; r=0.855) correlated to FRAP, while DPPH-FRS solely correlated to TFC (p<0.05; r=0.873).Conclusion: Both of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic extracts of A. calamus could be potent antioxidant agents for nutraceutical application and antibacterial agent for food application. Lastly, flavonoids and phenols extracted from sweet flag could be a good potent source of antioxidants for nutraceuticals or food additives as those compounds are correlated to the antioxidant activity.1 Leaf extract; 2Rhizome extract
Suplementasi vitamin A dan asupan zat gizi dengan serum retinol dan morbiditas anak 1-3 tahun
Authors: Elvandari Milliyantri , Briawan Dodik , Tanziha Ikeu
Published: May 2017

Background: Morbidity of infectious diseases in developing countries is a public health concern because the prevalence is still high, particularly for children under five years. Vitamin A  intake was one of factors that may affect morbidity.Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze  relation between vitamin A supplementation, nutrition intake with vitamin A status and relation between vitamin A supllementation, nutrition intake, vitamin A status with morbidity.Method: The study was an cross-sectional study. This research was conductedin February-March 2016 in Kudus and Grobogan Central Java. Subjectsin this study were children aged 1-3 years(n=140). Retinol serum was collected by taking blood sample through the vein then was analyzed using HPLC, nutrients intake with food recall 2x24jam, and structured interviews with mother children. Data were analyzed with Chi-Square test.Results: The study found that 68 subjects (48.6%) were not took vitamin A supplemantation capsule. Prevalence of childrens had nutrient deficiency (<90% RDA) were relatively high 68.6% energy; 47.1% protein; 70.7% fat; and the prevalence of vitamin A defeciency (<77% RDA)  were relatively high 60%. A number of 24.2% subjects had low retinol serum (<20μg/dl). Supplementation vitamin A, fat and vitamin A intake correlated with retinol serum (p<0.05). Supplementation vitamin A, intake of vitamin A, vitamin C, zinc and retinol serum correlated with morbidity (p<0.05).Conclusion: Childrens who were not took vitamin A supplemantation capsule, deficiency intake of vitamin A, vitamin C, zinc and low retinol serum had higher morbidity.
Kromium serum dan asupan mikromineral pada penyandang diabetes tipe 2
Authors: Sutiari Ni Ketut , Rimbawan Rimbawan , Kusharto Clara Meliyanti , Ascobat Purwantyastuti , Effendi Adi Teruna
Published: May 2017

Background: Status of minerals such as zinc, magnesium, and chromium among diabetic patients are considered lower than non-diabetic peoples, both in the serum and intake. Some reviews show that those minerals contribute to carbohydrate metabolism among diabetic patients.Objective: This study aims to explore intake of zinc, magnesium, and chromium among DMT2 in Denpasar.Method: This is a cross-sectional analytic study. The population was all (70) DMT2 patients registered at Chronic Disease Service (Prolanis) at two Primary Health Care (PHC) Denpasar Utara III PHC and Denpasar Timur I PHC. The sample for the study was DMT2 patients and non-diabetic people age 50-70 years reside in Denpasar city. DMT2 patients were randomly selected with simple random technique, while non-diabetic peoples were non-randomly selected. The level of serum chromium was measured by AAS method, whereas microminerals intake were collected by a recall and SQ-FFQ method. Data was analyzed descriptively and differences were tested with two independent t-test at 95% confidence level.Results: The mean of serum chromium DMT2 and non-diabetic were 0.044 mg/L and 0.094 mg/L respectively. The mean±SEM magnesium (DMT2 316.1±22.4 mg/day; non-diabetic 211.0±33.5 mg/day), zinc intake was (DMT2 8.4±0.7 mg/day; non-diabetic 6.2±0.8 mg/day), and chromium (DMT2 10.8±1.3 µg/day; non-diabetic 8.7±0.9µg/day). A significant difference was found between magnesium intake (p=0.01).Conclusion: The study showed that zinc, magnesium and chromium intake is appeared higher among DMT2 patients compare to non-diabetic in Denpasar region.
Pengaruh pemberian yogurt sinbiotik tepung pisang tanduk terhadap profil lipid tikus sindrom metabolik
Authors: Octavia Zana Fitriana , Djamiatun Kis , Suci Nyoman
Published: May 2017

Background: The metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by hyperglycemia, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, prothrombic and proinflamatory state, is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. The synbiotic yogurt of tanduk banana (Musa paradisiaca fa. corniculata) flour contains lactic acid bacteria, fructooligosaccarides, flavonoids, and vitamin C which all of them play role in improving the lipid profile.Objective: The aim of this study was to prove the effect of synbiotic yogurt of tanduk banana flour on lipid profile of metabolic syndrome rats.Method: This study was an true experimental with pre-post test  control group design. The subject of this study were 18 metabolic syndrome male Wistar rats divided into 3 groups,i.e control group (standart diet), intervention group I (standart diet and synbiotic yogurt of banana flour 0,009 ml/g weight/day), and intervention group II (standart diet and synbiotic yogurt of banana flour 0,018 ml/g weight/day). The intervention period was 2 weeks. Different test before and after intervention used paired t-test. The difference test between groups used One-Way ANOVA and Kruskal wallis.Results: The result showed that both of intervention group improved lipid profile significantly (p<0,05). The intervention group II showed more effective improvement of lipid profile significantly (p<0,05) than intervention group I. The intervention group II decreased triglycerides level 41,56%; total cholesterol level 41,39%; LDL-cholesterol level 57,5%; and increased HDL-cholesterol level 139,62%.Conclucion: The intervention of synbiotic yogurt of  tanduk banana flour can decrease triglyceride level, total cholesterol level, LDL-cholesterol level, and increase HDL-cholesterol level.
A Comparison of Experiences and Preferences Regarding Classroom and Tutoring Feedback among Chinese and Saudi Learners of English
Authors: Wang Xinran
Published: May 2017

This report studies ESL tutoring feedback to Chinese and Saudi students. The objective is to research the reasons of feedback differences and similarities, which include previous and current English learning styles, habits, purposes for receiving tutoring, and evaluations of tutors. Faced with L2 learners who come from different cultural backgrounds, it is helpful for instructors and tutors to know L2 students’ previous English learning experiences in their home countries so that instructors and tutors can adjust teaching or tutoring for each student. In addition, students who speak the same L1 have common problems of English learning due to their L1. In this way, ESL tutors not only tutor English skills, but also promote cultural awareness. Meanwhile, knowing students’ cultural background is necessary to give tutoring for each L2 learner. The present study aims to explore L2 learners’ feedback from previous and current English learning experiences and will help L2 instructors and tutors to know some basic knowledge about two different language groups.
Media Probings
Authors: Beattie Earle
Published: May 2017

As those who read Media Probe will know, this magazine joined with Media 75 to convene that conference o May 23-24-25 at York Univresity, to supply background material, panellists and some of the sinews of organization.
Media '75: Ownership, Control and Decision-Making in the Mainline Commercial Media: The Squeeze: Pressures on the Media
Authors: Beattie Earle
Published: May 2017

Jean-Marie Martin, president of the Quebec Press Council, was in the chair. Panel members were Jean-Raymond Saint-Cyr, manager of the French-language station CJBC in Toronto; Fernand Rochon, chief, Radio and TV news for CJBC and CELT, Toronto; and Allan Hutsak, bureau chief for CTV news, Edmonton.
Canada's TV World is US-made
Authors: Miller William
Published: May 2017

At the very time the government cracks down on foreign news magazines, and the CRTC and the CBC work busily to purge Canadian broadcasting of foreign commercials and entertainment programs, there is a curious lack of concern about the foreign filters through which Canadians receive their television coverage of world affairs. This lack of concern about the foreign newsfilm which is so prevalent on Canadian television is puzzling especially in light of the many surveys which show that more people learn about news from television than from any other medium, and that more people believe television's version of the news than they do any other medium's version. It would seem logical, in a country concerned about the maintenance of more than the semblance of independence, that the need for Canadiangathered and filtered news is more important than the need for Canadian-produced light entertainment--but such is not the priority of most Canadians who are concerned with the quality of their television broadcasting.
Resistance distances on networks
Authors: Carmona A. , Encinas A.M. , Mitjana M.
Published: May 2017

This
paper aims to study a family of distances in networks associated with
effective resistances. Specifically, we consider the effective resistance
distance with respect to a positive parameter and a weight on the vertex
set; that is, the effective resistance distance associated with an
irreducible and symmetric M-matrix whose lowest eigenvalue is the parameter
and the weight function is the associated eigenfunction. The main idea is to
consider the network embedded in a host network with additional edges whose
conductances are given in terms of the mentioned parameter. The novelty of
these distances is that they take into account not only the influence of
shortest and longest weighted paths but also the importance of the vertices.
Finally, we prove that the adjusted forest metric introduced by P.
Chebotarev and E. Shamis is nothing else but a distance associated with a
Schr?dinger operator with constant weight.
The maximum of cotangent sums related to Estermann’s zeta function in rational numbers is short intervals
Authors: Maier Helmut , Rassias Michael
Published: May 2017

We investigate the maximum of cotangent sums related to Estermann?s zeta
function in rational numbers in short intervals. This can be seen as a
continuation of previous investigations of the authors on moments of these
sums ([9], [10], [11], [12], [13]).
Novel developments towards efficient and cost effective wind energy generation and utilization for sustainable environment
Authors: N.A. Ahmed
Published: May 2017

This keynote paper dwells on innovative approaches towards the development of cost effective and sustainable environment and living using renewable energy sources. The works described are based essentially on the author‟s work at the University of New South Wales in Australia during the past decade. Power generation and their utilization with minimum carbon footprint are two themes around which the content of this paper has been organised.
The first theme deals with the methodologies associated with the design of rotors for small horizontal axis wind turbines to operate in low to high gust wind conditions for direct electricity generation.
However, for sustainable living with minimum carbon foot print, efficient and effective use of available power is also of paramount importance. The second theme is built towards achieving this objective. It comprises of the design and developments activities towards the minimisation of electricity use by employing wind driven turbine ventilator and providing air quality and comfort for occupants inside buildings.
Finally, the author outlines his vision of future possibilities. The concept of a novel small hybrid wind turbine to generate mechanical power or electricity and operate with greater safety and lower noise level is also outlined. The author also foresees application of flow control technologies towards novel, efficient and cost effective wind energy generation and utilization for sustainable environment.
General Properties of Approaches Maximizing Power Yield in Thermo-Chemical Systems
Authors: Stanislaw Sieniutycz
Published: May 2017

This research represents a thermodynamic approach to modeling and power optimization of energy converters, such like thermal, solar, chemical and electrochemical engines. Thermodynamics leads to converter’s efficiency and limiting generated power. Efficiency equations serve to solve problems of upgrading and downgrading of resources. Real work yield is a cumulative effect obtained in a system of a resource fluid, engines, and an infinite bath. While optimization of steady systems requires using of differential calculus and Lagrange multipliers, dynamic optimization needs variational calculus and dynamic programming. The primary result of the static optimization is the limiting power, whereas that of dynamic optimization is a finite-rate counterpart of the classical potential of reversible work (exergy). This potential depends on thermal coordinates and a dissipation index, h, i.e. the Hamiltonian of the related problem of minimum entropy production. The generalized potential implies stronger bounds on work delivered or supplied than the reversible potential. In reacting systems the chemical affinity constitutes a prevailing counterpart of the thermal efficiency. Therefore, in reacting mixtures flux balances are applied to derive power yield in terms of an active part of chemical affinity.
Self-Extinguishing Faults in MV Cable Networks - Feasibility Study of Fault Prediction
Authors: F. Koehler  , S. Cobben  , F. Provoost
Published: May 2017

The Dutch grid operator Alliander started an ongoing substation refurbishment in 2006 with SASensor, a measurement, protection and control system, including fault localization of persistent faults. Around 20 percent of the recorded measurements comprise the phenomena of 1-phase selfextinguishing faults. In order to assess the usability of these events to predict faults, the phenomena and their behaviour in time are described in MV networks with isolated neutral and lowimpedance earthing. Furthermore the feasibility of fault localization using the information included in those events is discussed.