bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Water Level Prediction Models Using Machine Learning in Wetlands: A Case Study of Upo Wetland in South Korea
Authors: Choi Changhyun , Kim Jungwook , Han Heechan , Han Daegun , Kim Hung Soo
Published: December 2019

Wetlands play a vital role in hydrologic and ecologic communities. Since there are few studies conducted for wetland water level prediction due to the unavailability of data, this study developed a water level prediction model using various machine learning models such as artificial neural network (ANN), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM). The Upo wetland, which is the largest inland wetland in South Korea, was selected as the study area. The daily water level gauge data from 2009 to 2015 were used as dependent variables, while the meteorological data and upstream water level gauge data were used as independent variables. Predictive performance evaluation using RF as the final model revealed 0.96 value for correlation coefficient (CC), 0.92 for Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), 0.09 for root mean square error (RMSE), and 0.19 for persistence index (PI). The results indicate that the water level of the Upo wetland was well predicted, showing superior results compared to that of the ANN, which was used in a previous study. The results intend to provide basic data for development of a wetland management method, using water levels of previously ungauged areas.
EV Aggregators and Energy Storage Units Scheduling into Ancillary Services Markets: The Concept and Recommended Practice
Authors: Aldik Abdelrahman , Khatib Tamer
Published: December 2019

In this paper, optimization of Electric Vehicle (EV) batteries and dedicated energy storage unit charging profiles were conducted for the sake of bidding into day-ahead ancillary service markets. The aim of the optimization is to provide the maximum operational profits for both the EV aggregator and dedicated energy storage unit administrator. Ancillary service algorithms were then introduced to simulate the response of the EV batteries and dedicated energy storage units. Results showed that the usage of dedicated energy storage units for bidding into the ancillary services markets is more profitable than the case of operating an EV aggregator.
Repensando la contemporaneidad de lo no contemporáneo. La mirada de Reinhart Koselleck
Authors: Svampa Lucila
Published: December 2019

El análisis de la contemporaneidad de lo no contemporáneo ofrece prolíficos aspectos para la filosofía de la historia. La presencia simultánea de numerosas dimensiones temporales nos otorga la posibilidad de reformular nuestra relación con la historicidad y por lo tanto, con los modos en que leemos los eventos pasados. En este trabajo buscaremos explorar esta noción central mediante tres pasos. En primer lugar, introduciremos las bases teóricas del pensamiento de Koselleck. En segundo lugar, rastrearemos las connotaciones de la no contemporaneidad en su obra. En tercer lugar, analizaremos sus implicancias más relevantes, para sugerir que este término muestra una copertenencia entre la historia conceptual y su Historik, al tiempo que intentaremos explorar sus posibles usos.
Desarrollo De Habilidades Sociales De Jóvenes Con Discapacidad Intelectual Frente A La Insercion Laboral
Authors: Macayo Emilio Rodríguez , Solí Nicole Leyton , Valdés Melanie Navarrete , Caro Camila Villarroel , Espinoza Rubén Vidal
Published: December 2019

El estudio tiene como objetivo determinar el desarrollo de Habilidades Sociales de jóvenescon discapacidad intelectual que cursan talleres laborales en contexto educativo formal e informal de la Comuna Santiago, Chile. Se enmarca en el enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo, transeccional, mediante la aplicación de cuestionarios de tipo Likert al profesor/a que se encuentra situados dentro de contexto de investigación, quien da a conocer su apreciación con respecto la frecuencia con la cual más suceden ciertas situaciones que se plantean en relación a su estudiante. Entre los primero hallazgos se puede indicar que las personas en situación de discapacidad, presentan un mayor nivel de desarrollo en las dimensiones de habilidades sociales básicas y adelantadas, por sobre las habilidades sociales relacionadas con la autodeterminación y con las emociones.
Empirical Research on Occupational Adaptation of Graduates from Higher Vocational Colleges and Educational Considerations
Authors: Yunxia Su , Minggui Sun
Published: December 2019

Through empirical research, this paper puts forward and validates the theoretical model of occupational adaptation for vocational college graduates, which consists of four dimensions: occupational cognitive adaptation, occupational psychological adaptation, occupational skills adaptation, interpersonal and professional environment adaptation. The study finds that the overall level of occupational adaptation of graduates from higher vocational colleges is low; occupational adaptation is affected by years of graduation, and income satisfaction level; occupational psychological adaptation is affected by years of graduation, unit property, and income satisfaction level; interpersonal and professional environment adaptation is affected by income satisfaction level. Therefore, higher vocational colleges need to deepen the work of vocational guidance, improve the training mode of talents in higher vocational colleges, strengthen the mental health education of students in colleges, and guide students to establish correct values.
Plečnikova dela za Žensko kaznilnico v Begunjah in njihova usoda po odhodu usmiljenk
Authors: Ambrožič Matjaž
Published: December 2019

Usmiljene sestre sv. Vincencija Pavelskega – usmiljenke – so v Ženski kaznilnici v Begunjah na Gorenjskem delovale v obdobju 1875–1942. Arhitekt Jože Plečnik je z njimi sodeloval med letoma 1935–1940. V tem obdobju so bili postavljeni paviljon Jožamurka s kapelo sv. Jožefa, paviljon Brezjanka ter vogalna stavba pri vrtu. Leta 1940 je bila po Plečnikovih načrtih prenovljena in na novo opremljena kaznilniška kapela. Usmiljenke so ob odhodu oktobra 1942 večino inventarja pustile na svojem mestu, kamnite in marmorne dele pa so nacisti spomeniškovarstveno zaščitili. Aprila 1943 so iz kapele v ljubljanski Marijin dom prenesle premični inventar; po izgonu usmiljenk iz njihovih ustanov leta 1948 je bil preseljen na kor velesovske cerkve, leta 1964 pa na grad Raka. Leta 1974 je bil uporabljen pri pokoncilski prenovi prezbiterija v župnijski cerkvi v Šentjakobu ob Savi, kjer sta v samostanu usmiljenk ohranjena tudi kip sv. Jožefa iz Jožamurke in kip Gospe Zmagovalke iz kaznilniške kapele, ki so jo komunistični oblastniki porušili leta 1948.
Temeljne literarne oblike v Svetem pismu
Authors: Avsenik Nabergoj Irena
Published: December 2019

Sveto pismo je zbirka knjig različnih literarnih vrst in zvrsti. Številne prvine osnovnih literarnih oblik posameznih svetopisemskih besedil kažejo na skupen kulturni in literarni izvor v okviru literarne tradicije starega Bližnjega vzhoda, celota posameznih besedil, njihovo mesto v posameznih knjigah in mesto posameznih knjig v celoti bibličnega kanona pa kažejo na številne specifične vidike biblične teologije. Svetopisemske knjige razodevajo edinstveno dialektiko odnosov med Bogom, Izraelom, narodi in posamezniki glede na stopnjo človekove vere in pokorščine božjim zapovedim in navdihom. Težnja po čistosti odnosov je pisatelje Svetega pisma navdihovalo tudi k težnji po najpreprostejših literarnih oblikah za izražanje človekovih spoznanj in čustev ter življenjske resničnosti. Članek obravnava nekatere temeljne literarne oblike v Svetem pismu v njihovi vlogi celostne predstavitve vidne resničnosti in neposredne resnice, da bi bolj jasno zaznali razloge za značilno večpomenskost svetopisemskih pripovedi, pregovorov, prilik, govorov, biografij in drugih literarnih vrst in zvrsti. Njegov namen je nakazati, kako celostno vrednotenje literarne kakovosti svetopisemskih besedil omogoča bolj zanesljivo ugotavljanje vloge posameznih jezikovnih in literarnih prvin besedila. Duhovni pomen celote svetopisemskega besedila kaže tudi na njegov univerzalni pomen in nadčasovno aktualnost. Tako prepoznamo večstransko vlogo metafor, simbolov, slogovnih in retoričnih figur v strukturi večjih literarnih enot. Presojanje posameznih figur samih na sebi ne bi imelo velikega pomena v raziskovanju sporočilnosti Svetega pisma. Ni torej pomembna »literarna arheologija« iskanja fragmentov, ampak prepoznavanje materialne in duhovne sublimnosti, pomenske čistosti in skrivnostnosti intuicij, čustev, misli in namenov, ki jih izražajo večpomenske konvencionalne in izvirne literarne sestavine besedil v njihovi skladni literarni strukturi.
Uporaba stare zaveze v retorični argumentaciji Prvega pisma Korinčanom in njen pomen za razumevanje odrešenjske modrosti
Authors: Matjaž Maksimiljan
Published: December 2019

Prispevek obravnava Pavlovo uporabo biblično argumentacije v strukturi Prvega pisma Korinčanom ter v razvoju njene kristološke kerigme in pareneze. Osrednja pozornost je posvečena argumentacijskemu procesu ključne antiteze v prvi enoti pisma (1 Kor 1–4) σοφία – ὁ λόγος ὁ τοῦ σταυροῦ . Pavel želi z uporabo bibličnih citatov in aluzij okrepiti in utemeljiti prepričljivost retorične in teloške argumentacije ter ji podeliti avotriteto Božje besede. Pri tem večinoma uporablja grške prevode (LXX), ki jih glede na osrednjo kristološko kerigmo domišljeno prilagaja. Z avtoriteto bibličnih citatov in aluzij tako nagovarja celotno korintsko skupnost v njenih ključnih izzivih ter odpira širšo perspektivo modrosti, kjer je odločilna hermenevtika križa – ne pa modrost sveta ali judovska postava
I tre Papi e la necessità degli strumenti di comunicazione sociale nella Chiesa
Authors: Valentan Sebastijan
Published: December 2019

Con l’uso dei mezzi moderni di comunicazione sociale la presenza del-
la Chiesa cattolica nel mondo è ancora più grande e la Chiesa stessa non ha

paura di usarli. I mass media devono essere al servizio delle persone e delle

culture, del dialogo con il mondo attuale, della comunità umana e del progres-
so sociale, della comunione ecclesiale e al servizio di una nuova evangelizzazi-
one. Nell’account ufficiale Twitter di papa Francesco (oggi tradotto in nove

lingue) il numero di followers aumenta persistentemente. Sono già più di qua-
ranta milioni. Il profilo del pontefice venne aperto da Benedetto XVI alla fine

del 2012. I social media sono una grande opportunità per la Chiesa attraverso
i quali può divulgare la parola di Cristo e la dottrina.
Byzantine Theology and Islam: Paul of Antioch’s Irenic Approach
Authors: Bogataj Jan Dominik
Published: December 2019

For the West, Islam has generally been seen as a typical example of exotic, dangerous and unknown culture, whereas for the Byzantines, Islam was much better known, since they have to live together with Muslims for centuries and therefore their attitude could not have been uniformly hostile but consisted of manifold attempts to hold a (theological) dialogue. The paper presents some key features of the heterogeneous Byzantine theology of Islam within the corpus of the theological polemical works which have been produced from 7th to the 13th century. After examining the first Byzantine theologian who wrote on Islam, John Damascene (ca. 676–749), who gained knowledge of Islam at first hand, as a civil servant in the court of the Umayyad Caliph in Damascus, the present study examines one relatively unknown work, Paul of Antioch’s Letter to a Muslim Friend (MS Sinai Arabic 448; 531), written in Arabic somewhere around 1200, which is a unique among Byzantine polemics for Paul’s irenic approach and its copious use of quotes from the Qur’an. Approach of this Melkite bishop of Sidon is characterized by presenting Muslim beliefs as misunderstandings rather as plainly false and heretic. Although still applies a clear apologetic approach, Paul’s Letter is investigated in the perspective of the theological dialogue between Christians and Muslims.
Muslimani kot drugi v folklori in literaturi: med reprezentacijami in dejstvi .
Authors: Golež Kaučič Marjetka
Published: December 2019

Na podlagi tekstualne in kontekstualne analize besedil, spoznanj folkloristike, zgodovine in sociologije smo ugotavljali upodobitve islama in pripadnika islama v literaturi in folklori. Spraševali smo se, ali so se morda tudi ob teh tematizacijah oblikovale podobe drugega. V članku presojamo, ali je stereotipizacija islama in njegova večinoma negativna podoba, znana iz folklornih in literarnih besedil, vplivala na odnos do islama kot religije in prek tega tudi do pripadnikov te religije? In, ali se ta negativna podoba sčasoma lahko transformira v pozitivno? Analizirali smo izbrane ljudske pesmi, ljudske pripovedi ter literarna besedila od Aškerca do sodobnosti glede na reprezentacijo in konceptualizacijo islama. Na podlagi analize besedil in teoretskih spoznanj, ugotavljamo, da podoba muslimana, ali Turka iz folklore in literature 19. stoletja prikazuje ontološko, religiozno in kulturno drugačnega tujega, kar pa povzroča odpor. Toda, ko pesnik Aškerc obišče muslimansko okolje konec 19. stoletja, gre za časovni in personalni odmik od obdobja turških vpadov, se stereotipizacija že prekine, drugačna izkušnja stika z islamom ga celo navduši, odkriva podobnosti s krščanstvom, hkrati pa eksotiko, ki je še posebno privlačna. A še vedno se v pesmih skrivajo kritični toni. Negativna podoba pripadnika islama je v folklori in literaturi 19. stoletja prevladujoča, saj je kolektivni spomin na turško divjanje in povezanost islama in muslimana z nasiljem, izjemno trdovraten. Drugače pa je v literaturi 1. svetovne vojne, saj je prav zaradi eksistencialne ogroženosti vseh udeležencev v vojni, v njej odsotnost bojazni pred Drugim, ki je bil muslimanske vere. Odnos do muslimanskega Drugega po letu 1991 pa je predstavljen nevtralno, morda so negativne le tiste podobe, ki izhajajo iz arabskega sveta, sveta, ki je bil preveč oddaljen od nas in ga nismo poznali. Razprava je poskusila zajeti različnost odnosov do muslimanskega drugega tako kot jih je bilo mogoče razbrati iz reprezentacij. Slovstvena podoba islama tako ni recept za dialog z drugim in drugačnim, je le možnost, da prek teh tematizacij ugotavljamo enoplastnost ali večplastnost teh podob. Ne moremo pa v analizo teh podob, niti v njihov kontekstualni okvir, aplicirati sodobnih medreligijskih trendov. Sodobna spoznanja, da dialog lahko poteka le na osebni ravni, da je mogoč le pri sprejemanju kulturne in religiozne različnosti, ki pa izhaja iz preseganja doktrinalnih in dogmatskih zapovedi tako islama kot krščanstva, vidimo tudi v nekaterih analiziranih besedilih.
Srpska teologija u savremenom društvu
Authors: Kisić Rade
Published: December 2019

U ovom radu se razmatra mesto i uloga teologije u savremenom srpskom društvu. Posebna pažnja je posvećena izazovima sa kojima se teologija poslednjih decenija suočava pri delovanju u javnoj sferi kao i perspektivama za dalje određenje kompleksnog odnosa između Crkve odnosno teologije i društva.
Document on Buying Gethsemane Garden by Three Brothers from Bosnia in 1681 - Text and Context
Authors: Mujić Munir
Published: December 2019

This paper presents a document dating from 1681 (1092 Hijra year): the document confirms the sale and endowment of figs and olives seedlings as well as the other properties on the land of Madrasa al-Ṣalāḥiyya in Jerusalem, which was implemented by the means of the so-called al-ḥikr. The brothers from Sarajevo, Pavle, Jakov and Antun, purchased this particular property and bequeathed it to the Franciscan monks who lived in the monastery al-‘Amūd (Monastery of the Holy Saviour) in Jerusalem and to the poor Christians that required alms from the brothers. The curious issue in this case is the prevailing opinion of scholars that the space that is the subject of the sale in this document is the space of Gethsemane garden, one of the most important Christian holy sites.
Zahod in islamski svet skozi zgodovino
Authors: Potočnik Dragan
Published: December 2019

Odnosi med Evropo in islamskim svetom so bili pogosto zaznamovani z nasiljem in spopadi. V času Omajadskega kalifata (661–750) so muslimani zasedli sveto mesto kristjanov, judov in muslimanov Jeruzalem, oblegali Konstantinopel, prodrli na Pirenejski polotok in jug Evrope. V tej prvi fazi širjenja kalifata se je islam soočal z vse hujšimi boji znotraj svojih vrst. Že kmalu po nastanku islama so obstajale razlike znotraj islamskega sveta, to je v glavnem med prevladujočo sunitsko obliko in šiiti.
Odgovor evropskega krščanstva na prvi veliki džihad sta bila rekonkvista in križarske vojne. Na vzhodu se je krščanska kraljevina Gruzija osvobodila in zagospodarila nad velikim ozemljem od Črnega morja do Kaspijskega jezera. V osrčju Sredozemlja so se krščanski osvajalci izkrcali na Siciliji in Sardiniji in ju odvzeli muslimanom. Višek konflikta v tej fazi so predstavljale križarske vojne. V teh vojnah so skupine kristjanov iz Evrope osvojile in za nekaj časa obdržale območja v Siriji in Palestini. V času Abasidskega kalifata (751–1258) so muslimani sicer utrdili meje na vzhodu ter celo osvojili Sicilijo in Kreto, kljub temu pa so Bizantinci prodirali vedno globlje na območje kalifata. Na območju Osrednje Azije so v tem času nastale polavtonomne vladavine. Egipt in sirsko-palestinski prostor sta leta 969 padla v roke dinastije Fatimidov. Neenotnost in krizo znotraj islamskega sveta so še dodatno poglobili v 11. stoletju Seldžuki in nato v prvi polovici 13. stoletja še vdori Mongolov, ki so leta 1258 dokončno zlomili Abasidski kalifat.
Na meji med muslimani in kristjani v Anatoliji je v 13. st. nastala osmanska država. Sledila je nova sveta vojna. Osmanski sultani so videli sebe kot legitimne naslednike bizantinskih cesarjev. Z osvojitvijo Konstantinopola in s tem ko je postalo mesto prestolnica turškega imperija, so sledili vpadi proti zahodu. V času vladavine Sulejmana Veličastnega (1520–1566) je bil imperij na vrhuncu moči.
Odgovor na drugi džihad je ekspanzija Evrope. Ni presenečenje, da je ta ekspanzija začela na dveh nasprotnih koncih Evrope. Tam, kjer so stoletja dolgo vladali muslimani: na Pirenejskem polotoku in v Rusiji. Predvsem portugalske in španske, kasneje pa tudi angleške in nizozemske ladje so se ustavljale na obalah islamskih držav in začele najprej s trgovino, nato pa tudi z osvajanjem strateških točk. Z vzponom evropskih držav v 19. stoletju so predvsem Velika Britanija, Francija in Rusija začeli postopno zasedati območja Prednje in Osrednje Azije. Razlogov, da je islamski svet postal lahek plen evropskih držav in da je bila islamska civilizacija le še bleda senca nekdanje veličine, je bilo več. Najpomembnejši so bili korupcija in nesposobni vladarji, neenotnost islamskega sveta (suniti, šiiti), politična nestabilnost, prepočasne reforme, splošna tehnična zaostalost in seveda agresivna politika evropskih držav.
Arsenic Uptake and Depuration by Red Swamp Crayfish, Procambarus clarkii
Authors: GEDİK Kenan , KONGCHUM Manoch , DELAUNE Ronald D.
Published: December 2019

Paddy rice soils, which can contain elevated levels of arsenic, also have importance in crayfish production in Louisiana (USA). In this study, arsenic accumulation and depuration in the tissues of crayfish (Procamborus clarkii) exposed to different As concentrations were determined. For this purpose, crayfish were exposed to 3 different concentrations of As (0,2; 0,8 and 2 mg As L-1) for 14 days and then kept in As free water for following 14 days. Arsenic concentrations were determined in crayfish tissues (gill, muscle, exoskeleton, hepatopancreas) during both the accumulation (1, 3, 7 and 14th days) and depuration (15, 17, 21, and 28th days) phases. During the accumulation period, arsenic concentration in the tissues was found to increase proportionally with time and exposure concentrations: gill > hepatopancreas > exoskeleton > muscle. During this period, however, the arsenic concentration in the tissues did not reach the equilibrium. In the depuration phase, arsenic elimination varied ranging between 54.63-87.91% in the hepatopancreas, 42.69 to 74.21% in the gills, 35.56-73.55% in the exoskeletons and 26.75-49.84% in the muscles.
ISO 26000 Standardı Kapsamında Türk Dünyası Ülkeleri Konaklama Endüstrisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: DİNÇER Mithat Zeki , BAYRAM Ali Turan , ERKOL BAYRAM Gül
Published: December 2019

Günümüzde küreselleşmenin de etkisiyle işletmeler mevcut durumunu
koruyabilmek ve rakiplerine nazaran üstün bir pazar payına sahip olmak adına
farklı stratejiler denemekte ve her an bir yenilik ile hacmini genişleten
pazara uyum sağlamaya çalışmaktadır. Son dönemlerde pek çok turizm işletmesi
için önemli olan sosyal sorumluluk kavramı; turizm endüstrisi açısından
değerlendirildiğinde, hizmet veren kuruluşların sürdürülebilir gelişimine katkı
sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.   İşletmelerin
sosyal sorumluluk uygulamalarını geliştirmesi yolunda önemli adımlardan biri de
rehber nitelikteki projelerdir. Bu rehberlerden biri olarak kabul edilen ve 2010
yılında Uluslararası Standartlar Organizasyonu (ISO) tarafından belirlenen ISO
26000: Sosyal Sorumluluk Yönetim Sistemi sosyal sorumluluk terimleri ve
uygulamalar üzerine mutabakat sağlanmış ilk resmi belge niteliğindedir.  Bu belge özel sektör ve kamu kurumlarının
sosyal sorumluluk davranışı açısından gelişimini ölçerek, müşterilerini,
elemanlarını, yatırımcılarını, iş ortaklarını, hükümetini ve ülkesini, üzerinde
yaşadığı toprakları önemsemesine, onların refahını düşünmesine yardımcı
olmaktadır. 

Türk Dünyası ülkelerinin turizm pazarından hak
ettiği payı alması ve ziyaretçi sayısını arttırması ve ulaştığı hedeflerin
ötesine geçebilmesi için ISO 26000 Sosyal Sorumluluk rehberini dikkatlice
okuması ve ivedilikle uygulamaya geçirmesi gerekmektedir.  Bu sebeple bu araştırmanın amacı; ISO26000
kavramının Türk Dünyası ülkeleri turizm endüstrisindeki mevcut durumunu
incelemek ve yapılması gerekenlere dair öneriler sunmaktır. Türk Dünyası
ülkelerinin turizm sektöründe hizmet veren kuruluşların ISO 26000 Sosyal
Sorumluluk Sistemini benimsemesiyle rekabet avantajı elde edeceği, kurumsal
imajının ve turist profilinin güçleneceği ve daimi turist sayısında gözle görülür
bir artış sağlanacağı, çalışanların motivasyonlarının, verimliliklerinin ve
bağlılıklarının artacağı, yatırımcı, sponsorlar ve pay sahiplerinin işletmeye
olan bakış açısında fark edilir pozitif değişim sağlanacağı, rakipleri, kamu
kurumları ve medya ile iletişiminde olumlu bir gelişim sağlanacağı
öngörülmektedir. Araştırma kapsamında Türk Dünyası ülkelerinde faaliyet
gösteren turizm işletmelerinin ISO26000 sosyal sorumluluk rehberi standardını
kullanımı web içerik analizi yardımıyla incelenmiş ve sonuçlara istinaden bazı
öneriler sunulmuştur.
Pronunciamentos de Dilma Rousseff em CNRT e na Folha de S. Paulo
Authors: Figueira Leal Paulo Roberto , De Oliveira Luiz Ademir , Montuori Fernandes Carla , Martins Thamiris Franco
Published: December 2019

O artigo efetua análise de conteúdo dos pronunciamentos da presidente Dilma Rousseff em Cadeia Nacional de Rádio e Televisão (CNRT) nos anos inicial (2011) e final (2014) do primeiro governo, cotejando-os aos enquadramentos noticiosos dedicados a eles pelo jornal Folha de S. Paulo. Tem por objetivo verificar como a ex-presidente acionou as estratégias de Campanha Permanente nos pronunciamentos e quais enfoques a Folha mobilizou ao tratar desses discursos. Testa-se (e, parcialmente, confirma-se) a hipótese de que, se os pronunciamentos de Dilma buscavam melhor situá-la na disputa pela reeleição, os enquadramentos da Folha construíram narrativas majoritariamente desqualificadoras do governo.
Defensa indefensa, o apariencia de defensa:
Authors: Ugarte José Manuel
Published: December 2019

En un mundo riesgoso, la política de defensa argentina representa una verdadera incógnita. Mientras posee una estructura moderna y está respaldada por una normativa adecuada, sus medios materiales tienen una antigüedad de tres y cuatro décadas o más, y en muchos casos, obsolescencia. Un limitado presupuesto es invertido casi totalmente en personal, presentando un excesivo número de oficiales en grados superiores que incrementa su costo, y estructuras burocráticas creadas para justificarlos. Tales factores determinan la insuficiencia de los fondos destinados a adiestramiento del personal y a mantenimiento del material, todo lo que determina una ausencia casi total de capacidad operativa. Las escasas adquisiciones significativas para la defensa han sido de elementos muy poco relevantes para aquélla. Mientras tanto, el casi idílico ambiente de paz y cooperación imperante en América del Sur por espacio de casi tres décadas construido con significativa participación de las políticas exteriores y de defensa argentina se deteriora rápidamente, paradójicamente por acción de las actuales políticas argentinas en la materia. El artículo analiza en profundidad la situación y efectúa propuestas para superarla.
¿Adiós a las armas?
Authors: Eissa Sergio
Published: December 2019

El presente artículo analiza la evolución de las Fuerzas Armadas argentinas entre 1963 y 2019 a partir de su política de armamentos. En la primera parte del artículo se analiza el sistema presupuestario argentino a los efectos de entender a qué rubro corresponde la compra de material bélico. Asimismo, se definen algunos conceptos claves vinculados a la política de armamentos. En la segunda parte se estudia cuánto representa la compra de armamentos respecto al total de presupuesto de defensa de Argentina y, además, se lo enmarca en el gasto efectuado en Suramérica; descartando que hubiera habido en la región una carrera armamentista. Posteriormente se estudia la evolución de la política de armamentos de Argentina (1963- 2019) relacionando la política presupuestaria con el estado de los mismos. Si bien se observa una recuperación durante el gobierno de Mauricio Macri (2011-2019), se sostiene que dicha recuperación supone un cambio en el modelo de Fuerzas Armadas debido fundamentalmente a que los medios que se han recuperado y/o adquirido están más enfocados a hacer frente a los problemas transnacionales, más que unas Fuerzas Armadas con capacidades operativas para defender los intereses vitales de dicho país.
Guerra híbrida:
Authors: Oviedo Nicolás Ignacio
Published: December 2019

En este artículo discutimos la tesis del equilibrio general nuclear postulada por el neorrealismo, cuyo corolario es la recomendación de que los Estados se hagan de armas nucleares. Nuestro principal argumento consiste en que el equilibrio de poder (y la estabilidad del sistema que de este puede derivarse) depende de variables estructurales, no de características de las unidades como la posesión de un determinado artefacto. El despliegue ruso de la guerra híbrida evidencia que, si las tensiones sistémicas prevalecen, los Estados encontrarán otros medios para canalizarlas en caso de que el enfrentamiento bélico directo conlleve costos prohibitivos. Para probar el punto, caracterizamos la guerra híbrida a partir de la literatura sobre la materia. Seguidamente, identificamos las condiciones estructurales y las variables intermedias que generan un entorno propicio para el desarrollo de guerras híbridas. Apelamos a la anexión de Crimea por parte de Rusia para ilustrar la materia. Para finalizar, resumimos las debilidades de la tesis neorrealista en el apartado de conclusiones.
Ciudadanía e identidad política:
Authors: Truccone Marilina
Published: December 2019

El estudio acerca de la ciudadanía se ha constituido sobre los cimientos de vertientes teóricas que consideran a esta categoría, por un lado, como membrecía a una comunidad determinada y por el otro, como práctica deseable. De esta forma, ambos modos de pensamiento –relacionados con el liberalismo y el republicanismo, respectivamente- suponen una visión un tanto prescriptiva acerca de la constitución de la ciudadanía y de los ciudadanos, sin hacer lugar a la problematización en torno a las condiciones de surgimiento de estos. En el presente trabajo se recuperan las nociones trabajadas por Chantal Mouffe al respecto de la ciudadanía. De este modo, hacemos central la consideración que la autora realiza al respecto del conflicto social como modo de superar la intención prescriptiva de estas corrientes teóricas mencionadas. A su vez, trabajamos en torno a la constitución de la ciudadanía como una identidad política; estipulando, por último, la importancia de volver a pensar la ciudadanía a partir de la discursividad de lo social, para eliminar todo fundamento que sostenga, de antemano, la intención de establecer una noción universal de ciudadanía.
intensidad polémica en el discurso de Cambiemos. Antagonismo y exclusión en “el tiempo del diálogo” (Argentina, diciembre 2015-octubre 2017)
Authors: Caleri Silvina
Published: December 2019

Con el fin de explorar la dimensión polémica del discurso político en su variante más conflictiva, esto es, de antagonismo y exclusión originaria, el artículo examina el otro negativo en el discurso de la coalición gobernante Cambiemos, desde las perspectivas que dan cuenta del contradestinatario en la enunciación política (Verón, 1987; García Negroni, 2016) y desde los enfoques de la teoría política que se ocupan de la relación con el enemigo (Mouffe 1999; 2000) en el sentido existencial que le otorga Carl Schmitt. Puntualmente se analiza el carácter de la dicotomía nosotros/ellos y la intensidad de disputa en los discursos en actos públicos, entrevistas y declaraciones del presidente Macri y de los referentes políticos de la coalición en losprimeros dos años de gobierno (2015-2017). Del análisis surge que, junto a propuestas de diálogo y consenso inclusivo, en el discurso de Cambiemos la identidad kirchnerista se instaura como exterior constitutivo en enemistad existencial con el conjunto social, por lo que resulta impugnada en su derecho a la política. Se concluye que, aun sin abandonar de manera expresa las formas institucionales democráticas, tal tratamiento del adversario deteriora el pluralismo y la democracia.
relación entre China y América Latina. Perspectivas desde el Mercosur
Authors: Turner Bárbara
Published: December 2019

Las relaciones de América Latina con China se han afianzado en los últimos años, a partir de un nuevo vínculo entre los países que ha permitido el surgimiento de diversos análisis y proyecciones sobre su futuro. El examen de la construcción de un nuevo tipo de dependencia frente a un hegemón naciente que afecta los patrones comerciales, políticos y culturales de América Latina a nivel nacional, es de suma importancia para el desarrollo de la región y la ideación de políticas públicas. En este trabajo se problematizan estas correlaciones a partir de la literatura, desde una visión regional enlazada al Mercosur, para visualizar si estos patrones nacionales se repiten a nivel regional y de qué forma se representan.
Higienismo y la Infancia en Barranquilla:
Authors: Buelvas Cervantes Brayan
Published: December 2019

Este artículo trata sobre la Medicalización desde la publicidad en Barranquilla durante los años 1938 a 1944, tomando como fuente el diario La Prensa. Se estudiará a Barranquilla en pleno auge económico y sus problemas sociales, entre esos, de higiene, y ello se verá reflejado en las defunciones de niños menores de 10 años. Simultáneamente la ciudad y el país vivió un momento destacable de apertura económica que contrasta con la precariedad de los servicios básicos, en suma, la publicidad sabrá tomar esas necesidades y volverlas consumibles. Por esa razón se toma la publicidad de alimentos y medicinas para niños, ya que las falencias del aparato estatal fueron filtradas por el comercio mediante las estrategias publicitarias que buscaban medicalizar a la infancia de la urbe, en ese orden de ideas, se pretende responder al interrogante ¿de qué manera las estrategias publicitarias de productos para niños tenían cabida en el contexto social de la Barranquilla de 1938 a 1944?
estrategia de inserción argentina en un mundo cambiante
Authors: Simonoff Alejandro
Published: December 2019

El artículo busca comprender la estrategia de inserción argentina, para poder vislumbrarla necesitamos: primero analizar cuál es el contexto internacional en el que estamos inmersos -marcado por una disputa entre diversos polos de poder-, y, en segundo lugar, cómo la administración macrista ha diseñado una que encuentra serias dificultades para relacionarse con dicho contexto.
irrupción del Estado Islámico como fuerza transnacional en el sistema internacional. Transformaciones en el actual terrorismo yihadista global
Authors: Schwindt Axel Emanuel
Published: December 2019

El movimiento yihadista internacional ha demostrado fluctuaciones radicales respecto a su liderazgo, estructura y accionar en la segunda década del siglo XXI debido a la aparición del Estado Islámico. Éste fenómeno, nacido bajo el ala de al-Qaeda, ha demostrado una brutalidad y resiliencia alarmante, proclamando un Califato, llevando adelante múltiples ataques terroristas en el mundo, ocupando territorios en Siria e Iraq, y funcionando a la vez como un Estado y como un grupo yihadista.La comunidad internacional, y en especial los Estados Unidos, han respondido a esta amenaza con estrategias de una brutalidad análoga a la de este grupo, profundizando la ya inestable situación de la región de Medio Oriente y Norte de África.Nacimiento, desarrollo y aparente fin del Estado Islámico, las características del grupo terrorista que modificó al movimiento yihadista global.
Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye’de Yoksulluk Riski ve Sosyal Dışlanma
Authors: AYDIN Kemal
Published: December 2019

Avrupa
Birliği’ne yeni üyelerin katılımı, ekonomik gelişmeler ve küreselleşmenin dar
gelirli kesimlere olan negatif etkisi AB’nin sosyal yapısını değiştirmiştir.
Birlik içinde meydana gelen bu gelişmeler yoksulluk olgusuna olan bakış
açısının da güncellenmesine yol açmıştır. AB 2000’li yılların başında
belirlediği Lizbon Stratejisi ile yoksulluğun tanımı, teşhisi ve ölçülmesinde
yeni usuller belirlemiştir. Göreli yoksulluk ölçümlerini daha dinamik bir
boyuta taşıyarak yoksulluk algısını sosyal dışlanma ve yoksulluk riski temelinde
inşa etmiştir. Bu çalışmada AB Bölgesinde yer alan toplam 34 ülkede yoksulluk
ve sosyal dışlanma ile ilgili verilerin ülkelere göre dağılımı incelenmiştir. Yoksulluk riski sınırının altında kalan kişiler temel
ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilmekte fakat ortalama refah düzeyinin altında
kaldıkları için topluma sosyal katılımları kısıtlanan bireyleri kapsamaktadır.
Bu çalışmada analiz edilen yoksulluk riski ve sosyal dışlanma sonuçlarına göre
Türkiye’de nüfusun %18,4’ü %60 medyan gelirin altında bir gelir elde etmekte, %24,5’i
ciddi maddi yoksunluk ve %5’i ise düşük iş yoğunluğu kategorisinde yer
almaktadır. Nüfusun bir diğer %6’sı ise üç mahrumiyet biçiminden iki ya da üçü
ile karşı karşıyadır. Düşük iş yoğunluğu ve medyan gelir açısından AB ile
Türkiye arasında fazla bir fark yoktur. Ancak, Türkiye’de maddi yoksunluk
oranının yüksekliği yoksulluk riski ve sosyal dışlanma oranının da artmasına
neden olmaktadır.
Editorial
Authors: Lima Robson Pereira de
Published: December 2019

O segundo número da Revista Engenharia de Interesse Social conﬁrma que o Carvalho-roble vingou e que mais um passo foi dado na conﬁguração desse importante veículo de difusão do conhecimento de interesse social capitaneado pelas Engenharias.
The Impact of Demographic Characteristics and Risk
Tolerance on Investors’ Risk Perception and Portfolio
Management
Authors: Bashir Taqadus , Shaheen Sadia , Batool Zahra , Butt Mohsin Hassan , Javed Aaqiba
Published: December 2019

Behavioral finance focuses on psychological factors—such as risk perception
and portfolio management—that play a crucial role in investors’ financial decisionmaking.
This study investigates the effect of risk tolerance and demographic
characteristics on risk perception and portfolio management, which, in turn, affect
investors’ decisions. Applying structural equation modeling to data collected from a
sample of 120 respondents, we find a significant and positive relationship between
risk perception and risk tolerance. Similarly, certain demographic characteristics,
such as age and education, have a significant and positive relationship with risk
perception while others, such as income and gender, have a significant but negative
relationship with risk perception. Risk tolerance has a significant but negative
relationship with portfolio management. Age, education, and income have a
significant but negative relationship with portfolio management, while gender has a
significant and positive relationship with portfolio management.
Factors Influencing the Acceptance of Online Shopping in Pakistan
Authors: Chaudary Samra , Nisar Sehrish , Abdul Rehman Muhammad
Published: December 2019

The rapid growth of the Internet and its extended reach has helped developing countries adopt e-commerce, thus enabling consumers to make transactions worldwide. This study identifies the factors related to online shopping and examines consumer motivation and acceptance in this context. We employ exploratory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and cluster analysis and find that Pakistani consumers behave very differently from consumers in Western countries or countries that have adopted online shopping on a wide scale. While factors such as convenience and trust are seen to affect consumer behavior, other variables such as perceived price and information availability are less importance. The study also examines the reasons for this deviation from typical consumer behavior.
Leverage Adjustment in Manufacturing Firms: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Samim Muhammad Mounas , Iqbal Awan Shakeel , Ahmad Basheer
Published: December 2019

This study explores firms’ leverage behavior and speed of adjustment in the context of selected performance indicators in Pakistan’s manufacturing industry. Leverage behavior is predicted using ordinary least squares, based on four performance indicators: profitability, tangibility, size and growth. The speed of adjustment of leverage is estimated using a general linear model and partial adjustment model. We find that profitability, tangibility and growth play a significant role in leverage behavior and the speed of adjustment, although both differ across sectors. Moreover, exponential leverage adjustment appears to be better than linear leverage adjustment.
Shock Dependence and Volatility Transmission Between Crude Oil and Stock Markets: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Sagheer , Akhtar Adnan , Sultan Nasir
Published: December 2019

This paper investigates shock dependence and volatility transmission between the crude oil and equity markets, based on crude oil returns and stock index returns for the period 2 January 2009 to 27 January 2014. We employ the bivariate BEKK-GARCH (1, 1) model developed by Engle and Kroner (1995) as well as the Engle and Granger (1987) cointegration and unit root tests. These parameterization tools are more flexible and innovative than other specifications, which often give counter-intuitive results. The results of the cointegration test reject the notion of a long-run relationship between the crude oil market and stock market. The results of the BEKK-GARCH model suggest that shocks and volatility created in the oil market have a significant effect on the Pakistan Stock Exchange. They also reveal bidirectional shock persistence and a unidirectional volatility spillover between crude oil prices and Pakistani equity prices. These empirical findings can help predict price movements in each market efficiently. The empirical results are also important for policymakers involved in shock prevention and for portfolio managers seeking optimal portfolio allocation.
The Impact of Celebrity Endorsement on Brand Affection and Purchase Intention: The Mediating Role of Word of Mouth
Authors: Saleem Farida
Published: December 2019

Celebrity endorsement is widely used as an advertising technique. This study examines three dimensions of celebrity endorsement, including trustworthiness, expertise and attractiveness, as predictors of positive word of mouth by consumers. It also gauges the impact of word of mouth on purchase intention and brand affection in terms of the role it plays as a mediating construct between celebrity endorsement and consumers’ behavioral outcomes. The study uses a sample of 369 respondents to test a structural equation model. Its results reveal that the fully mediated model is superior to the partially mediated model and that trustworthiness is the most important attribute of celebrity endorsement, yielding positive consumer behavior.
The Relationship Between Employee Empowerment and Subjective Wellbeing: Evidence from Services-Based SMEs in Pakistan
Authors: Khokher Nimra Ali , Abdul Raziq Abdul Raziq
Published: December 2019

Employee empowerment plays a key role in the management of talented personnel: it enables an organization to use workers’ skills and abilities in a way that enhances the performance of both employer and employee. Based on a survey of 349 small and medium enterprises in Quetta, this study examines the impact of employee empowerment on employees’ subjective wellbeing, which is measured in terms of affective and cognitive components. Its results indicate that employee empowerment has a significant and positive impact on employees’ subjective wellbeing, implying that senior managers should prioritize this aspect of human resource management.
The Job Complexity Effect on Job Outcomes: The Role of Positive Core Self-Evaluation as Moderator
Authors: Jamil Amber , Fatima Tasneem , Mirza Bilal
Published: December 2019

This paper examines the moderating effect of positive core self-evaluation (CSE) in the job complexity and job outcomes (job satisfaction, job performance and job creativity) relationship, using a sample of 295 workers from various public and private sector organizations in Pakistan. The results show that a positive relationship is found between job complexity with job satisfaction, job performance and job creativity. Positive CSE moderates the job complexity and job outcomes (job satisfaction and job creativity) relationship and strengthens the positive relationship between job complexity and these outcomes. However, it does not moderate the job complexity and job performance relationship. The results suggest that individuals with elevated CSE due to positive self-evaluations respond more positively to the challenge stressor of JC and tend to become not only more satisfied with their jobs, but also more creative.
Do Investors Herd: Evidence from an Emerging Market
Authors: Khan Safi Ullah , Rizwan Muhammad Faisal
Published: December 2019

Employing stock price data from a developing market, we examine whether investors’ trading patterns are characterized as herd behavior at the market and industry levels. Unlike results for some developing markets, linear models of herd behavior find no evidence of herd formation, in any of the sectors, during periods of large market movements. However, non-linear models find significant non-linear herding behavior only for two sectors of the whole sample, and when we group the sub-samples based on up and down market movements. Overall, empirical results tend to support the notion of no herd formation in Pakistan’s market. Two main explanations may be offered for the results: first, a developing market, characterized by thin trading and low turnover, with few of the stocks from various sectors actively traded in the market. Second, individual investors that dominate Pakistan’s equity market and low levels of institutional investor’s presence preclude herd formations.
Relationship among Capital Regulations, Risk and Efficiency: Comparison of Islamic with Conventional Banks in Pakistan
Authors: Bashir Adnan , Hassan Arshad
Published: December 2019

This paper examines and compares the relationships between capital regulations, risk and efficiency of Islamic banks with conventional banks in Pakistan from 2003 to 2015. By employing seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) this study finds that capital regulations have no significant effect on the risks taken by Pakistani Islamic banks. Capital regulations have increased the operational efficiency, while it has neither decreased nor increased the cost efficiency of the banks. The results of this study find no major difference in the capital regulations, risk and efficiency relationships between Islamic and conventional banks. The findings of this study also highlight the significant difference in the effect of capital regulations on the bank risks before and after the Global Financial Crisis of 2008, while there is no difference in the impact of capital regulations on bank efficiency before and after the 2008 crisis.
Debt Maturity Structure, Firm Value and Underinvestment Incentive - The Case of Pakistan
Authors: Ali Shah Syed Sikander , Murad Syed Ali , Sheikh Sana
Published: December 2019

This study examines the potential interaction of a firm’s financing and investment decisions. It studies broadly how firms manage underinvestment and liquidity risks. To estimate the effects of these decisions, the study has incorporated four simultaneous equations using the partial dynamic adjustment model. Panel data of non-financial Pakistani firms have been used in this study. The findings of this study demonstrate that Pakistani high growth firms depend on high-leverage strategies and give greater importance to underinvestment risk rather than liquidity risk. Furthermore, growing Pakistani firms are not adopting low-leverage strategies ex ante to participate in future growth opportunities ex post. This study also examines whether or not Pakistani firms are paying special attention to the mixing of debt maturity that affects the firm’s investment decisions and its value.
EFFECTIVE PHOTOGRAPHIC REGISTRATION OF INFRARED RADIATION USING A SEMICONDUCTOR IONIZATION CAMERA
Authors: Urmonov S. , Yuldashev H.
Published: December 2019

In this work, we propose a new design of a semiconductor photographic system in which Si (.Pt) serves as a photodetector of infrared radiation up to λ = 4.2 μm. The results of a numerical calculation on the optimal doping by the method of thermal diffusion of the Si (Pt) photodetector are compared with experimental data. Photo and thermoelectric characteristics of the photographic system are given.
Comparing Different Routes of Vitamin D Administration: A Randomized Interventional Trial
Authors: Ara Jamal
Published: December 2019

Background: Vitamin D maintains overall good health by boosting up of the immune system through proper function of lungs, heart, muscles, brain and bones. The goal of the study was to determine and compare different routes and formulation of vitamin D3 that was per oral, injectable formulation given orally and intramuscular injection in patients of different groups.

Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial designed for vitamin D deficient patients. Patients were randomly assigned to three routes of administration i.e. orally, injection formulation given orally andintramuscular injection group. For mild deficiency, 2 doses of 200,000 IU, for moderate deficiency, 3 doses of 200,000 IU and for severe deficiency, 4 doses of 200,000 IU, 25[OH] D was prescribed.Chi-Square (χ2) test was used to evaluate the significant association .

Results: A total of 150 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age ±SD of patients was 48.29 ± 4.65 years. At 4 and 12 weeks after completion of vitamin D3 replacement, levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol were measured. In the majority of participants of all three groups, the levels of vitamin D were increased to normal range by week 4 after the final dose of vitamin D3. However, the majority of patients failed to maintain their Vitamin D3 levels within the normal range 12 weeks after the final dose. All three routes of administration of Vitamin D were found equally effective with no significant difference between the routes (p>0.05).

Conclusion: All three routes of administration of vitamin D supplements had equal efficacy with no significant advantage over one another.