bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of carotid plaque vasa vasorum by CEUS and correlation with histology after endarterectomy
Authors: Vavuranakis Manolis , Sigala Fragiska , Vrachatis Dimitrios A. , Papaioannou Theodore G. , Filis Konstantinos , Kavantzas Nikolaos , Kalogeras Konstantinos I. , Massoura Constantina , Toufektzian Levon , Kariori Maria G. , Vlasseros Ioannis , Kallikazaros Ioannis , Stefanadis Christodoulos
Published: May 2013

Background: Intraplaque neovascularization and vasa vasorum (VV) proliferation contribute in the progression and rupture of atherosclerotic lesions. Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography (CEUS) has been reported to attain data regarding intraplaque neovessels and VV. However, whether the detection of microbubbles by CEUS within atherosclerotic plaques truly represents microvessels is a point of concern. We aimed to evaluate stable and unstable carotid artery plaque (CAP) VV pattern by CEUS and its correlation with histology and immunochemistry. Patients and methods: Patients with CAP scheduled for plaque endarterectomy were enrolled. CAP was initially identified by conventional ultrasonography and subsequently CEUS (harmonic ultrasound imaging with simultaneous intravenous contrast agent injection) was performed. The recorded image loops were evaluated by a semi-automated method. Plaque specimens were excised and underwent histological and immunochemical (for CD34, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, CD68 and CD3 antibodies) analysis. Results: Fourteen patients (67.6 ± 10.2 years, 10 males) with a 86.9 ± 11.5 % degree of carotid artery stenosis were evaluated. Histology showed that half of the plaques were unstable. Enhancement of plaque brightness on CEUS was significant for both stable and unstable plaque subgroups (p = 0.018 for both). Immunochemistry showed that microvessels, as assessed by CD34 antibody, were more dense in unstable vs. stable plaques (36.6 ± 17.4 vs. 13.0 ± 7.2 respectively, p = 0.002). However, correlation between plaque brigthness enhancement on CEUS and microvessel density was significant only for stable (r = 0.800, p = 0.031) plaques. Conclusions: The identification of brightness enhacement during CEUS in carotid atherosclerotic plaques may not always reflect the presence of VV.
Neue Technologien bei Planung und Durchführung von Osteotomien: Beispiele aus der Handchirurgie
Authors: Schweizer Andreas
Published: May 2013

Neue Technologien erlauben es, die seit Jahrzehnten unveränderten Arbeitsweisen der Osteotomie wesentlich zu verbessern sowie zuvor kaum durchführbare Schnittführungen zu ermöglichen. Die Einführung von einfach bedienbarer Software zur Verarbeitung von CT-Daten erlaubt es am PC 3D-Modelle von Knochen herzustellen und diese mit dem Spiegelbild der Gegenseite zu vergleichen. Erst dies erlaubt eine exakte Fehlstellungsanalyse, das Erstellen eines Operationsplanes und die virtuelle Durchführung der Operation. Das Herstellen von individualisierten Bohr- und Sägelehren im Laser-Sinterverfahren (3D-Print), die eindeutig auf der jeweiligen Knochenoberfläche positioniert wird, ermöglicht die exakte Umsetzung der Planung während der Operation. Anhand von Fallbeispielen aus der Handchirurgie sollen die neuen und erweiterten Möglichkeiten der heutigen Osteotomie dargelegt werden.
Dyslipidämie – Wann ist der Einsatz von Lipidsenkern in der Praxis sinnvoll?
Authors: Blum Manuel R. , Stanga Zeno , Rodondi Nicolas
Published: May 2013

Die Dyslipidämie ist ein beeinflussbarer Hauptrisikofaktor der kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen. Gut belegt sind die Wirksamkeit der Sekundärprävention mittels lipidsenkender Medikamente sowie der Primärprävention bei Hochrisikopatienten. Für jeden Patienten sollte in der Primärprävention entsprechend der Abschätzung des kardiovaskulären Risikos sowie des LDL-Cholesterin-Spiegels die Indikation zu lipidsenkenden Massnahmen gestellt werden, auch wenn die Evidenz für die Wirksamkeit einer medikamentösen Intervention bei Patienten mit geringem Risiko derzeit weniger klar ist. Zur Behandlung gehören neben der medikamentösen Therapie mit Statinen auch Lifestyle-Modifikationen, die bei Patienten mit geringem Risiko die Primärintervention darstellt. Sekundäre Dyslipidämien im Rahmen einer Grundkrankheit sowie familiäre Dyslipidämien wie die familiäre Hypercholesterinämie und die familiäre kombinierte Hyperlipidämie sollten identifiziert und spezifisch behandelt werden, unter Berücksichtigung, dass die Risikoscore-Systeme in diesen Fällen nicht anwendbar sind.
Praktische Aspekte der Arzneimittelsicherheit
Authors: Hug Balthasar
Published: May 2013

Die Inzidenz von adverse drug events (ADE) in Spitälern und der Praxis ist hoch, beeinträchtigt Menschenleben und ist sehr kostspielig. Die Implementierung von Massnahmen zur Fehlerreduktion sind unbedingt notwendig, um Patienten sicherer behandeln zu können. Erfolgversprechend dabei sind die Schulung und der begleitende Einsatz von Fachkräften aus den Gebieten der Pharmazie, Pharmakologie und Toxikologie in Kombination mit technischen Lösungen wie der elektronischen Verschreibung, elektronischen Entscheidungshilfen und eindeutiger Identifikation von Arzneimitteln und aller am Medikationsprozess beteiligter Personen. Beim Einsatz technischer Hilfsmittel sind unbedingt die Arbeitsflüsse der beteiligten Gesundheitsberufe zu berücksichtigen und wissenschaftlich zu begleiten.
Prise en charge du patient avec bronchopneumopathie obstructive: ambulatoire ou hospitalière?
Authors: Aubert John-David
Published: May 2013

Akute Exazerbationen sind die häufigsten Gründe für eine Spitalaufnahme bei COPD-Patienten. Meistens erlauben differenzialdiagnostische Überlegungen und die Abwägung von Komorbiditäten eine Entscheidung darüber, ob der Patient im Spital bleiben muss. Eine solche Entscheidung basiert auf spezifischen Symptomen und Anzeichen sowie auf der Anamnese. Im Gegensatz zum Bronchialasthma fehlt für die COPD ein systematischer Aktionsplan. Dennoch hat ein unter Einbezug aller an der Intervention Beteiligter erstellter Behandlungsplan das Potenzial, die Situation des Patienten zu verbessern und die Kosten, ausgelöst durch solche Exazerbationen, zu senken.
Eine seltene Komplikation nach heftiger Hustenattacke
Authors: Meier Lukas , Malè Sonderegger Francesca , Tanneberger Oliver , Rasch Helmut , Lardinois Didier
Published: May 2013

Ein 85-jähriger Patient stellte sich mit atemabhängigen, thorakalen Schmerzen rechtsseitig nach einer heftigen Hustenattacke auf der Notfallstation vor. Im weiteren Verlauf kam es zu einer progredienten Hämatombildung und Dyspnoe mit klinisch palpabler Vorwölbung interkostal rechts. Mittels Computertomographie wurde die Diagnose einer grossen Lungenhernie mit Zerreissung der Interkostalmuskulatur bestätigt. Es erfolgte eine operative Thoraxwandrekonstruktion und Versorgung eines zusätzlichen Zwerchfelldefektes mittels einem Mersilene-Netz. Unter intensiver Atemphysiotherapie konnte der Patient nach komplikationslosem Verlauf am elften postoperativen Tag nach Hause entlassen werden.
Material properties and modeling characteristics for MnFeP1−xAsx materials for application in magnetic refrigeration
Authors: Engelbrecht K. , Nielsen K. K. , Bahl C. R. H. , Carroll C. P. , van Asten D.
Published: May 2013

Compounds of MnFeP1−xAsx have received attention recently for their use in active magnetic regenerators (AMR) because of their relatively high isothermal entropy change and adiabatic temperature change with magnetization. However, the materials also generally exhibit a significant magnetic and thermal hysteresis, and it is not well understood how the hysteresis will affect performance in a practical AMR device. The amount of hysteresis shown by a material can be controlled to an extent by tuning the processing conditions used during material synthesis; therefore, knowledge of the practical impact of hysteresis is a key element to guide successful material development and synthesis. The properties of a magnetocaloric MnFeP1−xAsx compound are characterized as a function of temperature and applied magnetic field, and the results are used to assess the effects of hysteresis on magnetocaloric properties. Different methods of building property functions from the measured specific heat, magnetization, and adiabatic temperature change are presented. It is shown that model predictions can be highly dependent on how the properties that are used by the AMR model are calculated.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander utilisation of the Quitline service for smoking cessation in South Australia
Authors: Cosh Suzanne , Maksimovic Lauren , Ettridge Kerry , Copley David , Bowden Jacqueline A.
Published: May 2013

Smoking prevalence among Indigenous Australians far exceeds that of non-Indigenous Australians and is considered the greatest contributor to burden of disease for Indigenous Australians. The Quitline is a primary intervention for facilitating smoking cessation and, given the health implications of tobacco use, maximising its effectiveness for Indigenous Australians is imperative. However, the utilisation and effectiveness of this service within the Indigenous Australian population has not been examined. This study explores the utilisation of the South Australian Quitline by smokers identifying as Indigenous Australian. Quitline counsellors collected data regarding demographic characteristics, and smoking and quitting behaviour from Quitline callers in 2010. Results indicated that the proportion of Indigenous and non-Indigenous smokers who registered for the service was comparable. Demographic variables and smoking addiction at time of registration with the Quitline were similar for Indigenous and non-Indigenous callers. However, results indicated that Indigenous callers received significantly fewer callbacks than non-Indigenous callers and were significantly less likely to set a quit date. Significantly fewer Indigenous callers reported that they were still successfully quit at 3 months. Thus, Indigenous Australian callers may be less engaged with the Quitline and further research is required exploring whether the service could be tailored to make it more engaging for Indigenous Australians who smoke.
Chloride transport-driven alveolar fluid secretion is a major contributor to cardiogenic lung edema
Authors: Solymosi Esther A. , Kaestle-Gembardt Stefanie M. , Vadász István , Wang Liming , Neye Nils , Chupin Cécile Julie Adrienne , Rozowsky Simon , Ruehl Ramona , Tabuchi Arata , Schulz Holger , Kapus Andras , Morty Rory E. , Kuebler Wolfgang M.
Published: May 2013

Significance

This study describes a novel mechanism for the formation of cardiogenic lung edema, a potentially fatal complication of left heart disease that was previously attributed to passive fluid filtration across an intact alveolo-capillary barrier. Instead, we demonstrate that a major part of cardiogenic edema results from active epithelial secretion of Cl
−
and secondary fluid flux into the alveolar space. Transepithelial Cl
−
secretion is triggered by inhibition of epithelial Na
+
uptake and mediated via cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and Na
+
-K
+
-2Cl
−
cotransporter 1 (NKCC1), providing a mechanistic explanation for extrarenal effects of furosemide in lung edema.
It’s time to do the math
Authors: Sprenger Simone , van Rijn Hedderik
Published: May 2013

Research suggests that the lexicon stores high-frequent combinations of words
(e.g., Arnon & Snider, 2010), thereby optimizing the balance between computation and retrieval during language
comprehension. Here, we studied whether the production of multi-word expressions is optimized in a similar way. First, we
measured speech onset latencies for Dutch clock-time expressions. Second, we developed a statistical model of these
latencies, using two types of predictors: (1) the speech-onset latencies for arithmetic problems involved in Dutch clock time
naming, and (2) the expressions’ Google frequencies. The resulting model explains 94% of the variance in our naming study.
We conclude that phrase production shows the same frequency-driven balance between online computation and
lexicon-related retrieval found in phrase comprehension.
Plurals as modifiers in Dutch and English noun-noun compounds express plurality in production
Authors: Banga Arina , Hanssen Esther , Neijt Anneke , Schreuder Robert
Published: May 2013

The present study investigates the relation between conceptual plurality and the occurrence of a plural morpheme
in novel Dutch and English noun-noun compounds. Using a picture-naming task, we compared the naming responses
of native Dutch speakers and native English speakers to pictures depicting either one or multiple instances of the same
object serving as a possible modifier in a novel noun-noun compound. While the speakers of both languages most frequently
produced novel compounds containing a singular modifier, they also used compounds containing a plural modifier and did
this more often to describe a picture with several instances of an object than to describe a picture with one instance of the
object. Speakers of English incorporated some regular plurals into the noun-noun compounds they produced. These results
contradict the words-and-rules theory of Pinker (1999) and also the semantic constraints for compounding put forth by
Alegre and Gordon (1996). Interestingly, it appears, however, that the acceptability constraints put forth by Haskell,
MacDonald, and Seidenberg (2003) apply to the production of compounds.
Processing of English compounds is sensitive to the constituents’ semantic transparency
Authors: El-Bialy Rowan , Gagné Christina L. , Spalding Thomas L.
Published: May 2013

Compounds vary in terms of the extent to which the constituents’ meanings contribute to the meaning of the
compound, and there is an ongoing debate about whether the semantic representations of the constituents of opaque
compounds are available during compound processing. Three lexical decision experiments investigated whether
semantically priming the first constituent of a compound influenced the processing of that compound. Experiment 1
found semantic priming for fully transparent (TT) compounds but not for OT compounds. Experiment 2 found semantic
priming for TT compounds, but not for TO compounds. Experiment 3 found semantic priming for fully opaque (OO)
compounds, but not for TO compounds. Our results suggest that semantic transparency is a property of processing,
not of representation.
Assessing automatic processing of hypernymic relations in first language speakers and advanced second language learners
Authors: Crossley Scott
Published: May 2013

This study investigates the depth of lexical knowledge in first language (L1) speakers and second language
(L2) learners in reference to hierarchical word knowledge. Eighty-eight participants took part in a lexical
decision task that assessed their speed and accuracy in recognizing words and nonwords. Prime and target pairs in the
lexical decision task were related words (hyponynm to hypernym and hypernym to hyponym), unrelated words, or word
to nonwords. The findings indicate bidirectional priming in L1 participants such that associated pairs (hyponynm
to hypernym and hypernym to hyponym) were processed faster than unrelated words. For L2 participants, unidirectional
priming effects were reported for the hyponynm to hypernym condition only. These findings provide evidence that
hierarchical lexical networks characterize L1 lexicons but not L2 networks. Such findings provide important information
about the organizational properties of L1 and L2 lexicons.
Les fables en rondeau de Charles de Saint-Gilles Lenfant
Authors: Amatuzzi Antonella
Published: May 2013

Charles de Saint-Gilles Lenfant, page du roi Louis XIV et sous-brigadier de la première compagnie des mousquetaires, fit paraître, entre 1677 et 1678, quatre fables dans Le
Mercure Galant qui, plus tard, furent rassemblées, avec vingt-quatre autres apologues, dans un volume intitulé La
Muse Mousquetaire. Nous les analysons et en donnons le texte en appendice. Elles sont toutes construites en forme de rondeau et, pour respecter cette structure stylistique fixe et rigide, la matière ésopique subit des adaptations.En prenant le parti de se servir du rondeau, Saint-Gilles s’inscrit clairement dans la lignée de la galanterie mondaine et ses fables acquièrent une atmosphère de douceur et de finesse. Elles sont l’aboutissement d’un exercice de style très ingénieux, bien que dissimulé, qui paradoxalement les rend plus désinvoltes et décontractées, atténuant leur tempérament souvent sentencieux et sévère. La fable, enfermée dans le moule strict et tout à fait insolite du rondeau, gagne en gaieté, aisance, liberté. Quant au rondeau, il prend ses distances par rapport aux frivolités et affectations et s’ouvre sur une dimension plus réfléchie et instructive.
Éléments pour une comparaison du trickster Renart avec le renard dans la tradition littéraire chinoise
Authors: Bonafin Massimo
Published: May 2013

Le renard est un protagoniste important du patrimoine légendaire, aussi bien du Moyen Age occidental que de l'Extrême-Orient, et la comparaison entre les deux traditions est ici tentée, du point de vue de l'imaginaire du récit zoomorphique, des structures narratives et des valeurs symboliques, constantes et variantes. L'observation des caractéristiques zoologiques du renard semble avoir donné lieu à quelques investissements symboliques communs: le renard possède, tant dans l’épopée animale occidentale que dans la littérature chinoise, une nature ambiguë, ou mieux, ambivalente. On note de part et d’autre un radical polymorphisme, trahissant un sentiment du monde et du réel pluriel, contradictoire, une notion de frontières franchissables et non pas fixées une fois pour toutes, entre nature et culture. En revanche, si la conjonction de la mythologie du fripon divin avec les traits zoomorphes dans le personnage de Renart est une caractéristique de l’épopée animale en Occident, dans la littérature chinoise, ce qui frappe avant tout est le fait que le renard soit principalement associé au genre féminin et au plaisir sexuel ou de façon générale à la séduction.
The problem of the Transitional Family of bestiaries
Authors: Dines Ilya
Published: May 2013

It is already almost 100 years since Montague Rhodes James divided all bestiary manuscripts that were known to him into groups or families. Since then, his scheme has undergone several revisions, and the table established through the modifications of McCulloch and Yapp shows five families of bestiary manuscripts, that is BIs, Transitional, Second, Third and Fourth. The present article will treat in detail the so-called Transitional
Family of manuscripts, which includes six late twelfth- and thirteenth-century manuscripts, and is undoubtedly the most puzzling of the families. Not only the structure of the family, but also its proper placement in the above mentioned table has been subject to debate. My analysis of the textual sources of each chapter of the Transitional Family shows that, contrary to the arguments of earlier scholars, it was the Second Family bestiary, together with manuscripts of BIs and H-type BIs, were the main components used in the composition of the Transitional Family, rather than the Transitional Family (as its name implies) having been the basis of the Second Family. Moreover, I argue that the manuscripts of the Transitional Family, contrary to earlier classifications, do not represent a homogeneous group, but rather form four distinct subfamilies.
Hersent et la pluralité des perspectives dans Le Roman de Renart
Authors: Giudicetti Gian Paolo
Published: May 2013

Hersent, un des personnages féminins les plus importants du Roman de Renart, s’insère dans la tradition classique et médiévale de la louve, un animal qui symbolise le péché et la luxure. La présence d’Hersent dans le roman ne peut pourtant pas être réduite à la dimension du discours moral. Au contraire, elle semble jouer un rôle essentiel toutes les fois que le roman est marqué par une de ses caractéristiques les plus fascinantes: la pluralité de perspectives. Premièrement, les épisodes qui décrivent la relation adultérine entre Renart et Hersent sont racontés à travers l’alternance de points de vue différents: la scène est observée tantôt à travers le regard d’Hersent, tantôt à travers celui de Renart ou encore à travers celui du mari cocu, Ysengrin. En deuxième lieu, la défense de Renart et Hersent lorsqu’ils sont accusés d’adultère se fonde sur des récits alternatifs et mensongères, qui superposent à la réalité des faits, en général avec succès, une réalité autre, une perspective nouvelle qui ébranle les accusateurs. En troisième lieu, les jugements sur Hersent des autres personnages révèlent d’une façon particulièrement explicite des visions du monde opposées, moralisatrices d’un côte, individualistes et hédonistes de l’autre. Le résultat est que l’avis univoque et trop simpliste du narrateur, qui condamne Hersent, apparaît seulement comme un avis parmi d’autres, insuffisant à saisir la complexité et le charme du personnage.
Une menagerie princiere entre moyen age et renaissance
Authors: Lievois Daniel , Van den Abeele Baudouin
Published: May 2013

La “Cour des Lions” du Prinsenhof de Gand, entretenue à grands frais par les ducs de Bourgogne au XVe siècle, puis par les souverains Habsbourg jusqu’au milieu du XVIIe siècle, est exceptionnellement bien documentée par les sources d’archives conservées à Lille, Gand et Bruxelles. Cet article livre une exploitation de ces documents, en procédant à un parcours en partie thématique, sur les lions et les autres fauves tenus en captivité, et en partie chronologique, selon la succession des souverains. Des aspects les plus matériels, comme la facture des cages ou le confort des spectateurs, jusqu’aux plus politiques, tels les échanges de fauves entre souverains, on peut y reconstituer le devenir d’une ménagerie qui a traversé les temps. On relèvera en particulier la réussite répétée de la reproduction en captivité des lions, le souci constant d’améliorer leurs installations, mais aussi les contraintes financières de cette institution. On note aussi la présence d’autres félins et d’ours, ces derniers étant exhibés parfois dans des combats publics. Comme en d’autres lieux, la ménagerie assumait une importance politique comme signe de pouvoir, doublée ici de la référence héraldique et dynastique aux blasons flamands et gantois arborant un lion.
Oaths and Asseverations in Dame Sirith
Authors: Mills Luke William
Published: May 2013

One of the most remarkable features of Dame Sirith is its high number of religious oaths. To begin with, I argue, by means of a close reading, that these oaths are purposely used by the poet to create an ironic contrast between the sacred ideals that the characters’ oaths invoke and the corrupt world they inhabit and create. I further bolster this claim by considering Dame Sirith in relation to two external factors – (1) its inclusion in Oxford, Bodleian Library MS Digby 86 and (2) the interpretive history of its analogues. An examination of MS Digby 86 reveals first, that Dame Sirith’s ironic sensibility is consonant with the other comic works contained therein and second, that the Digby scribe-owner himself betrays a wry, ironic sensibility that would naturally have led him to include Dame Sirith in the manuscript. I conclude by showing how a closer consideration of oaths can deepen appreciation of Chaucerian and Old French fabliaux.
Les noms et les choses
Authors: Rinoldi Paolo
Published: May 2013

Le processus de dénomination des animaux dans les langues romanes, souvent anodin (le mot est simplement hérité du latin), devient parfois plus complexe et intéressant par suite d’altérations, fautes de copistes, manipulations et inventions des auteurs, au point qu’éditeurs et historiens de la langue, confrontés à des animaux mystérieux, manifestent souvent leur embarras. L’article offre une série d’exemples, la plupart tirés de l’ancien français, qui se veut une tentative de classement, aussi rudimentaire soit-il, de ces rapports entre les noms et les choses.
Les éléments provençaux dans le Viridarium encyclopédique de Jean Raynaud (vers 1382–1385 - après 1416)
Authors: Schmitz Max
Published: May 2013

Une des caractéristiques majeures du Viridarium, encyclopédie inédite du juriste avignonnais Jean Raynaud (ca 1357–1432/1433), est l’ancrage régional de l’œuvre. Elle comporte deux types d’éléments qui peuvent être qualifiés de provençaux: d’une part, des références explicites à la Provence, surtout des mirabilia, et d’autre part des termes en ancien provençal, soit dans les notes marginales, soit dans le texte principal. Le premier type d’éléments atteste l’intérêt pour les réalités régionales de la part de l’auteur. Dans certains cas, ce sont même des témoignages qui dépassent le savoir livresque et qui donnent une vue inédite sur la culture provençale. Ensuite, les 31 noms vernaculaires de plantes et de vents notés dans la marge, et les 20 autres qui figurent dans le texte permettent de vérifier l’identité des realia décrits et de mettre en évidence les cas problématiques où Jean Raynaud, en tant que compilateur, a sans doute eu une autre compréhension du texte que l’auteur dont il s’inspire. Certains de ces synonymes sont des mots hybrides qui oscillent entre le latin et la langue vulgaire. Un autre apport important de ces deux catégories d’éléments est qu’elles contribuent sensiblement à confirmer l’identité de l’auteur méconnu.
Contextualising the Crane in the Fabliau Cele qui fu foutue et desfoutue
Authors: Smithies Kathryn L.
Published: May 2013

The crane appears in one fabliau, Cele qui fu foutue et desfoutue, a stereotypical fabliau, in which a worldly valet dupes a naive young girl over the exchange of a bird: a crane. In understanding the significance of the crane, the bestiary tradition appears a logical point of departure; yet, a careful examination of these animal texts reveals otherwise, and points to the influence of other types of animal texts: encyclopaedia; natural history texts; Christian exemplar literature; and homilies. Moreover, the significance of the crane is not restricted to animal texts or to other literary contexts. Rather, the significance of the crane in Cele qui fu foutue et desfoutue further depends on the ways in which the audience understood the crane, particularly in a social and cultural context. This paper will consider three specific contexts – literary, social and cultural – in an attempt to reveal the complex, often overlapping and mutable meanings of the crane in this fabliau.
La pire de toutes les bêtes. Observations sur l’hyène médiévale
Authors: Trachsler Richard
Published: May 2013

Contrairement au chien et au loup, l’hyène n’a jamais fait partie de la faune occidentale et ne s’enracine donc pas non plus dans un terroir folklorique. Elle pénètre dans la culture médiévale par voie exclusivement livresque. En outre, elle arrive sous une forme aux contours précis, bien que largement fantaisistes, qui seront de plus en plus accentués durant le bas Moyen Age au point de faire de l’hyène une créature qui rassemble en elle toutes les transgressions possibles et offre ainsi une image remarquablement constante d’un animal qui incarne toutes les anti-valeurs de la société chrétienne occidentale. Dans la présente étude, on tentera de présenter la symbolique attachée à l’hyène de l’Antiquité à la Renaissance.
Dels auzels qui perteno ad ornament del ayre’
Authors: Ventura Simone
Published: May 2013

Datant de la deuxième moitié du 14e siècle, le ms. 1029 de la Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève de Paris est le seul manuscrit conservé de la version occitane du De proprietatibus rerum de Barthélemy l’Anglais (DPR). Ce somptueux codex a fait partie de la bibliothèque de Gaston III Fébus, comte de Foix-Béarn entre 1343 et 1391, destinataire et sans doute commanditaire de cette traduction. La place réservée aux animaux et en particulier aux oiseaux dans cette encyclopédie médiévale est fort importante. Intégré à une recherche sur la langue et le vocabulaire de l’Elucidari, cet article offre quelques réflexions autour du texte et du lexique ornithologique du livre XII (De las naturas et proprietatz dels auzels) de la version occitane du De proprietatibus rerum.
TExSIS
Authors: Macken Lieve , Lefever Els , Hoste Véronique
Published: May 2013

We report on TExSIS, a flexible bilingual terminology extraction system that uses a sophisticated chunk-based alignment method for the generation of candidate terms, after which the specificity of the candidate terms is determined by combining several statistical filters. Although the set-up of the architecture is largely language-independent, we present terminology extraction results for four different languages and three language pairs. Gold standard data sets were created for French-Italian, French-English and French-Dutch, which allowed us not only to evaluate precision, which is common practice, but also recall. We compared the TExSIS approach, which takes a multilingual perspective from the start, with the more commonly used approach of first identifying term candidates monolingually and then aligning the source and target terms. A comparison of our system with the LUIZ approach described by Vintar (2010) reveals that TExSIS outperforms LUIZ both for monolingual and bilingual terminology extraction. Our results also clearly show that the precision of the alignment is crucial for the success of the terminology extraction. Furthermore, based on the observation that the precision scores for bilingual terminology extraction outperform those of the monolingual systems, we conclude that multilingual evidence helps to determine unithood in less related languages.
Terminología, normalización y comunicación
Authors: Montoro del Arco Esteban T. , Roldán Vendrell Mercedes
Published: May 2013

The existing language of oliviculture and elaiotechnics makes evident the significant development of this specialised field over the past decades. The progressive industrialisation and professionalization of this sector has progressively given rise to a new terminology that is updating the old jargon and is undergoing important normalisation processes. The present work focuses on the normalisation of the designations and definitions of olive oil categories. We also consider the usefulness of such actions and evaluate the differences between the currently marketed types of olive oil in order to reduce the difficulties in their analysis, classification, control and marketing. This study finally brings forward a denominative and definitional proposal for olive oil categories based on the theoretical assumptions of the project Olivaterm. Our proposal is directed at making information clear to the consumer as well as at facilitating the retrieval of specialised knowledge.
Processing terminology for the translation pipeline
Authors: Warburton Kara
Published: May 2013

Companies must translate their content if they want to operate multinationally. Both quality and speed of translation are key factors in determining market share in the target market. Proactively managing terminology, including pre-translating key terms for a translation project, has beneficial effects on these factors. However, in commercial environments, the volumes of content and subsequently of the required terminology are typically large. Therefore, integrating terminology into the translation pipeline requires a process that is as automated as possible. Term extraction is the cornerstone of this process, but to maximize efficiency it requires a post-processing strategy that repurposes existing lexical resources. Terms extracted from corpora and subsequently translated should be channeled into the company termbase so that they can be leveraged for other purposes. These and other effective practices for processing extracted terms are discussed, based on the author’s experiences in one large company.
The use of Latin American, Hispanic and Latino in US academic articles, 2000–2010
Authors: Valdeón Roberto A.
Published: May 2013

This paper addresses the issue of terms, namely Latin American, Hispanic and Latino, whose definitions are affected by social, economic, historical and ideological factors and which are at the crossroads of two or more disciplines. Definitions will be provided, using the Merriam-Webster for American English, the Oxford Dictionary for British English, and the Diccionario de la Real Academia for Spanish. The concept of ethnicity, introduced by the US Census Office in the 1970s to identify the Hispanic minority, will also be dealt with. The next section will examine the preferred choices of usage in academic journals in two broad areas, the Social Sciences on the one hand, and the Medical and Nursing professions on the others. It covers a total of 58 academic papers from two distinct periods, 2000–2005 and 2006–2010, in order to establish whether the terms are used consistently in the two broad areas, and whether there are major differences in use in the two time spans. The paper will conclude with a discussion of the findings, a reference to other activities that can be affected by the ambiguities of the definitions, and suggestions for further research.
RegaDB: community-driven data management and analysis for infectious diseases
Authors: Libin Pieter , Beheydt Gertjan , Deforche Koen , Imbrechts Stijn , Ferreira Fossie , Van Laethem Kristel , Theys Kristof , Carvalho Ana Patricia , Cavaco-Silva Joana , Lapadula Giuseppe , Torti Carlo , Assel Matthias , Wesner Stefan , Snoeck Joke , Ruelle Jean , De Bel Annelies , Lacor Patrick , De Munter Paul , Van Wijngaerden Eric , Zazzi Maurizio , Kaiser Rolf , Ayouba Ahidjo , Peeters Martine , de Oliveira Tulio , Alcantara Luiz C. J. , Grossman Zehava , Sloot Peter , Otelea Dan , Paraschiv Simona , Boucher Charles , Camacho Ricardo J. , Vandamme Anne-Mieke
Published: May 2013

Summary: RegaDB is a free and open source data management and analysis environment for infectious diseases. RegaDB allows clinicians to store, manage and analyse patient data, including viral genetic sequences. Moreover, RegaDB provides researchers with a mechanism to collect data in a uniform format and offers them a canvas to make newly developed bioinformatics tools available to clinicians and virologists through a user friendly interface.

Availability and implementation: Source code, binaries and documentation are available on http://rega.kuleuven.be/cev/regadb. RegaDB is written in the Java programming language, using a web-service-oriented architecture.

Contact:  pieter.libin@rega.kuleuven.be
Further Steps in TANGO: improved taxonomic assignment in metagenomics
Authors: Alonso-Alemany Daniel , Barré Aurélien , Beretta Stefano , Bonizzoni Paola , Nikolski Macha , Valiente Gabriel
Published: May 2013

Motivation: TANGO is one of the most accurate tools for the taxonomic assignment of sequence reads. However, because of the differences in the taxonomy structures, performing a taxonomic assignment on different reference taxonomies will produce divergent results.

Results: We have improved the TANGO pipeline to be able to perform the taxonomic assignment of a metagenomic sample using alternative reference taxonomies, coming from different sources. We highlight the novel pre-processing step, necessary to accomplish this task, and describe the improvements in the assignment process. We present the new TANGO pipeline in details, and, finally, we show its performance on four real metagenomic datasets and also on synthetic datasets.

Availability: The new version of TANGO, including implementation improvements and novel developments to perform the assignment on different reference taxonomies, is freely available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/taxoassignment/.

Contact:  valiente@lsi.upc.edu
The epidemiology of heart failure, based on data for 2.1 million inhabitants in Sweden
Authors: Zarrinkoub Ramin , Wettermark Björn , Wändell Per , Mejhert Märit , Szulkin Robert , Ljunggren Gunnar , Kahan Thomas
Published: May 2013

Aims

The epidemiology of congestive heart failure (CHF) is likely to have changed due to changes in demography, risk factors, diagnostic procedures, and medical care. Prevailing information is in part old, incomplete, and to some extent contradictory. We determined the current prevalence, incidence, mortality, and 5‐year survival rate of CHF, and possible temporal changes in Sweden.

Methods and results

This was a cross‐sectional study on individual patient data from an administrative health data register in the Stockholm region, Sweden, comprising 2.1 million inhabitants. This contained all recorded diagnoses on all consultations in primary and secondary care (defined as specialist outpatient care), and on all hospitalizations. Prevalence, incidence, and mortality were estimated for the entire Swedish population, adjusted for demographic composition in 2010. The study population consisted of 88 038 patients (51% women). The prevalence was 2.2% (both women and men), the incidence was 3.8/1000 person‐years (both women and men), and mortality was 3.2/1000 person‐years in women and 3.0/1000 person‐years in men (P < 0.001); the 5‐year survival rate was 48%. Mortality (age adjusted; hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals) was higher in men, 1.29, 1.24—1.34; P < 0.001. Prevalence remained essentially unchanged from 2006 to 2010, while incidence decreased by 24% (P < 0.001) and mortality by 19% (both women and men; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The estimated prevalence of CHF in Sweden is 2.2%, incidence 3.8/1000 person‐years, and mortality 3.1/1000 person‐years. There has been a decrease in incidence and mortality from 2006 to 2010 in both women and men, with no major change in prevalence over time.
Double‐Blind Comparative Trial With 2 Antiregurgitation Formulae
Authors: Vandenplas Y. , Leluyer B. , Cazaubiel M. , Housez B. , Bocquet A.
Published: May 2013

Background and Aim:

Many mothers consult physicians because of frequent infant regurgitation. Guidelines recommend reassurance and dietary treatment as first approaches. The aim of the present study was to test and compare the efficacy of 2 antiregurgitation formulae (ARF).

Methods:

A prospective, double‐blind, randomized cross‐over trial was performed for a 1‐month period in 115 formula‐fed infants (ages 2 weeks–5 months) comparing 2 ARF (ARF‐1: nonhydrolyzed protein, locust bean gum; ARF‐2: specific whey hydrolysate, locust bean gum, specially treated starch). The primary endpoint was the incidence of regurgitation.

Results:

At inclusion, mean age was 9.1 weeks; anthropometric parameters did not differ between the groups. According to the intention‐to‐treat analysis, the mean number of episodes of regurgitation decreased from 8.25 to 2.32 with ARF‐1 and to 1.89 with ARF‐2 (statistically significant difference between both ARF, P = 0.0091). The mean score of regurgitated volume decreased significantly more with ARF‐2 than with ARF‐1 (P = 0.0265). There was no significant difference in stool frequency and consistency between both groups.

Conclusions:

The efficacy of both ARF was demonstrated by the decreased number and volume of regurgitations. ARF‐2 was statistically more effective than ARF‐1. Comparative trials enable the selection of the best therapeutic option.
Health‐Related Quality of Life in Children With Intestinal Failure
Authors: Sanchez Sabrina E. , McAteer Jarod P. , Goldin Adam B. , Horslen Simon , Huebner Colleen E. , Javid Patrick J.
Published: May 2013

Objectives:

Survival of infants with intestinal failure (IF) has increased in the past decade; however, data on their health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) are lacking. We hypothesized that HRQOL would be lower among children with IF compared with that of healthy children.

Methods:

We performed a cross‐sectional study of the HRQOL of children enrolled in the outpatient intestinal rehabilitation program at Seattle Children's Hospital using the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales parent proxy‐report and the Family Impact Module questionnaires. Parents were asked 2 open‐ended questions pertaining to the suitability and completeness of the PedsQL to assess their and their child's HRQOL.

Results:

Parents of 23 children with IF completed the questionnaires. Compared with norms for healthy children, parents reported significantly lower total PedsQL scores for children ages 1 to 2 years (mean difference −13.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] −21.86 to −4.46; P = 0.003) and 2 to 6 years (mean difference −15.57, 95% CI −22.66 to −8.48; P < 0.001). Scores were also lower for children younger than 1 year (mean difference −6.43, 95% CI −13.93 to 1.07), although this test was not statistically significant. No measured demographic or clinical characteristics were associated with HRQOL. The majority of parents (65%) said the PedsQL failed to address important effects of IF on children and their families.

Conclusions:

Children with IF and their parents have a decreased HRQOL compared with healthy children as measured by the PedsQL survey. A disease‐specific module or separate HRQOL questionnaire is needed for a more comprehensive assessment of HRQOL in children with IF.
Self‐Management in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Hommel Kevin A. , Greenley Rachel N. , Maddux Michele Herzer , Gray Wendy N. , Mackner Laura M.
Published: May 2013

This clinical report aims to review key self‐management and adherence issues in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to provide recommendations for health care providers regarding evidence‐based assessment and treatment approaches to promote optimal self‐management. Self‐management difficulties in the form of nonadherence to treatment regimens are common in pediatric IBD and are influenced by various disease‐related, individual, family, and health professional relationship factors. To promote adaptive self‐management, health care providers are encouraged to adopt a long‐term preventive orientation, which includes routine screening of barriers to self‐management and nonadherence in the context of routine clinic appointments. The use of a multimethod approach to assessment that incorporates objective measures (eg, pill counts or bioassays) may be particularly advantageous. Individualized treatment approaches that incorporate evidence‐based practices, such as providing written treatment plans and offering opportunities to practice and receive feedback on skills, may help to ameliorate minor self‐management concerns; however, more severe or chronic self‐management problems may require a referral for behavioral health intervention. Additional research to broaden our understanding of self‐management in domains beyond medication adherence and to evaluate the effect of clinic‐based interventions is imperative.
Noncarboplatin-induced Sensorineural Hearing Loss in a Patient With an Intracranial Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumor
Authors: Vitanza Nicholas A. , Shaw Theresa M. , Gardner Sharon L. , Allen Jeffrey C. , Harter David H. , Karajannis Matthias A.
Published: May 2013

Treatment for intracranial germ cell tumors includes platinum-based chemotherapy and external beam radiation therapy, which are risk factors for hearing loss. In patients who experience significant sensorineural ototoxicity due to cochlear hair cell injury, dose reduction of chemotherapy may be necessary. This report describes an adolescent male, with excellent treatment response for an intracranial nongerminomatous germ cell tumor, who developed sensorineural hearing loss, which was central rather than cochlear in origin and unrelated to carboplatin. This patient highlights the need to carefully differentiate the type and etiology of sensorineural hearing loss in patients with brain tumors receiving ototoxic chemotherapy.
Streptomyces

kebangsaanensis sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from an ethnomedicinal plant, which produces phenazine-1-carboxylic acid
Authors: Sarmin Nurul’ Izzah Mohd , Tan Geok Yuan Annie , Franco Christopher M. M. , Edrada-Ebel RuAngelie , Latip Jalifah , Zin Noraziah Mohamad
Published: May 2013

A spore-forming streptomycete designated strain SUK12T was isolated from a Malaysian ethnomedicinal plant. Its taxonomic position, established using a polyphasic approach, indicates that it is a novel species of the genus

Streptomyces

. Morphological and chemical characteristics of the strain were consistent with those of members of the genus

Streptomyces

. Analysis of the almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain SUK12T in the genus

Streptomyces

where it formed a distinct phyletic line with recognized species of this genus. The strain exhibited highest sequence similarity to

Streptomyces corchorusii

DSM 40340T (98.2 %) followed by

Streptomyces chrestomyceticus

NRRL B-3310T (98.1 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 74 mol%. Chemotaxonomic data [MK-9(H8) as the major menaquinone; LL-diaminopimelic acid as a component of cell-wall peptidoglycan; C12 : 0, C14 : 0, C15 : 0 and C17 : 1 as the major fatty acids; phospholipid type II] supported the affiliation of strain SUK12T to the genus

Streptomyces

. The results of the phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic data derived from this and previous studies allowed the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain SUK12T from the related species of the genus

Streptomyces

. The DNA–DNA relatedness value between strain SUK12T and

S. corchorusii

DSM 40340T is 18.85±4.55 %. Strain SUK12T produces phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, known as tubermycin B, an antibacterial agent. It is proposed, therefore, that strain SUK12T ( = DSM 42048T = NRRL B-24860T) be classified in the genus

Streptomyces

as the type strain of

Streptomyces

kebangsaanensis sp. nov.
Lactobacillus delbrueckii

subsp. jakobsenii subsp. nov., isolated from dolo wort, an alcoholic fermented beverage in Burkina Faso
Authors: Adimpong David B. , Nielsen Dennis S. , Sørensen Kim I. , Vogensen Finn K. , Sawadogo-Lingani Hagrétou , Derkx Patrick M. F. , Jespersen Lene
Published: May 2013

Lactobacillus delbrueckii

is divided into five subspecies based on phenotypic and genotypic differences. A novel isolate, designated ZN7a-9T, was isolated from malted sorghum wort used for making an alcoholic beverage (dolo) in Burkina Faso. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, DNA–DNA hybridization and peptidoglycan cell-wall structure type analyses indicated that it belongs to the species

L. delbrueckii

. The genome sequence of isolate ZN7a-9T was determined by Illumina-based sequencing. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and split-decomposition analyses were performed on seven concatenated housekeeping genes obtained from the genome sequence of strain ZN7a-9T together with 41 additional

L. delbrueckii

strains. The results of the MLST and split-decomposition analyses could not establish the exact subspecies of

L. delbrueckii

represented by strain ZN7a-9T as it clustered with

L. delbrueckii

strains unassigned to any of the recognized subspecies of

L. delbrueckii

. Strain ZN7a-9T additionally differed from the recognized type strains of the subspecies of

L. delbrueckii

with respect to its carbohydrate fermentation profile. In conclusion, the cumulative results indicate that strain ZN7a-9T represents a novel subspecies of

L. delbrueckii

closely related to
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis
and
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii
for which the name

Lactobacillus delbrueckii

subsp. jakobsenii subsp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZN7a-9T = DSM 26046T = LMG 27067T.