bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
İSLAM EKONOMİSİNDE VERGİ UYUMU: DÜNYA DEĞERLER ARAŞTIRMASINDAN BULGULAR
Authors: AVCI Mehmet , TAŞDEMİR Yakup , KILIÇ Özalp
Published: April 2022

Kamu gelirleri kamu bütçelerinden beklenen fonksiyonların gerçekleştirilmesi için yeterli düzeyde olmalıdır. Bu koşul genellikle vergi uyumu ile ilişkilidir. Doğru politikalar üretmek için vergi uyumunun belirleyicilerini bilmek oldukça önem taşımaktadır. Literatür sadece ekonomik faktörlerin değil ekonomi dışı faktörlerin de vergi uyumunu etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Din de ekonomi dışı faktörlerden birisi olup, vergi uyumunu ahlak kanalıyla etkilemektedir. Özünde güzel ahlakı teşvik eden İslam’a göre vergi ödemek de iyi davranışlardan birisi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Buna göre Müslümanların vergi uyum düzeyinin yüksek olması beklenmektedir. 1981-2020 dönemini içeren Dünya Değerler Anketi bulguları, farklı ülkelerde yaşayan Müslümanların vergi uyumuna bakış açısının genellikle olumlu yönde olduğunu göstermektedir.
SHARIA GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK OF ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN AFGHANISTAN COMPARE TO PAKISTAN AND NIGERIA
Authors: KERAMAT Abdul Samad , KAHF Monzer
Published: April 2022

The existence of Sharia governance in the structure of Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) guarantees the compliance of the IFI to the Sharia principles and prevents the top management of the IFI from involving in high-risk business activities. This research studies the concept of Sharia governance framework of IFIs operating in Afghanistan, the structure of Sharia governance, hierarchy, and authorities are articulated. The study elaborates on the initiation of the Sharia governance framework of the IFIs of Afghanistan. In order to find a clear picture of the challenges in the implementation of the Sharia governance framework, a questioner was developed, and interviews were conducted with ten persons from the senior practitioners of Islamic finance sector. The research found that the Islamic financial institutions in Afghanistan have a comprehensive NSGF in place, which guides its operations. The study highlighted the challenges as the lack of Islamic banking law and lack of qualified Sharia scholars who have experience in the finance and banking sector to serves on the Sharia board. Lack of sharia-compliant products in the market, lack of public awareness, and irrelevant interventions of the shareholders in the operation of the IFIs are also highlighted as challenges.
A Review on Voice based E-Mail System for Blind
Authors: PROF.SHRISHAIL PATIL SAKSHI TALKE, MRUDULA KHADSE, YUKTA SALVI, RAJNEE JAMBHALE,
Published: April 2022

Abstract – Because this technology requires visual awareness, 2.PROBLEM STATEMENT it is exceedingly difficult to utilise for visually impaired people. However, not everyone has internet connection. This is because, in order to access the internet, you must comprehend what is displayed on the screen. It serves no purpose if it is not seen. As a result, the internet is completely useless to the visually impaired and illiterate. This system primarily makes use of three types of technologies: Everything we say is transformed into text using STT (Speech-to-text). There will be a small microphone button on which the user must click to speak, and his or her speech will be converted to text format, which naked people can also see and read.
Functions of Millenarism in Premodern Japanese Literature
Authors: Tanaka Motoko
Published: April 2022

This article explores social functions of millenarism which are defined in the field of social studies, history, and theology, focusing on its subversive nature to change power relationships between people. It also discusses whether theories about millenarism are also applicable to the Japanese tradition, which has been strongly influenced by Buddhism. The latter part of the article examines the way in which social functions of millenarian attempts were described in premodern Japanese literature, in the Heian and the Kamakura periods. Particular historical cases which influenced millenarian thought are explored, in order to balance with millenarian theories which dominantly come from the West. The main texts to be discussed are the Heian-era fiction Genji monogatari, since the work was influenced by Genshin’s Ōjōyōshū and Amidism, and was written when the age of mappō was widely diffused, and the Kamakura-period essay Hōjōki, which vividly describes apocalyptic events in the transition from the Heian to the Kamakura periods. The examples in these texts indicate that millenarism as an attempt to change the power relationship and to regain a new identity is not unusual in premodern Japanese culture.
Brassinosteroid Combined With Indolbutyric Acid in Blueberry Micropropagation
Authors: Ayub Ricardo Antonio , Pereira André Belmont
Published: April 2022

The lack of availability of good quality seedlings for blueberry cultivation is an obstacle in the market, preventing the increase of production and cultivated areas. In order to improve rooting of blueberry in vitro, different concentrations of BIOBRAS 16® associated with indolbutyric acid in blueberry micropropagation were evaluated. For such a purpose, the Wood Plant Medium (WPM) culture medium plus the following plant regulators: 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mg L-1 brassinosteroids (BIOBRAS 16®) in conjunction with indolbutyric acid (IBA) concentrations of 1.3 and 5 mg L-1, with four replications were taken into account. At the end of 82 days of cultivation and development of the explants in these culture media, the following response variables were assessed: callus percentage (CP), callus diameter (CD), rooting percentage (RP), number of shoots (NS), number of leaves (NL), shoot length (SL), root length (RL) and fresh mass of shoots (FMS). CP was found to be stimulated in so far as concentrations of BIOBRAS 16® and IBA increased up to 0.5 mg L-1 and their diameter increased at concentrations of 3.0 and 5.0 mg L-1 for IBA. Thus, it is concluded that a combination of 0.3 mg L-1 BIOBRAS 16® combined with IBA concentrations of 3.0 and 5.0 mg L-1 contributes to promote root growth and rises in leaf number and fresh mass of micro-propagated blueberry. The use of a 0.3 mg L-1 of BIOBRAS 16® associated with concentrations of 3.0 and 5.0 mg L-1 of IBA showed a high percentage of root formation in blueberry.
Morphological Characterization and Estimates of Genetic Parameters in Peppers With Ornamental Potential
Authors: Gomes Fátima de Souza , Pimenta Samy , Silva Taylor Johnny Patricio , Matos Izabela Nascimento Rodrigues Santos , Custódio Gabriela Cristina Alves , Paula Allyson Gabriel Santos de , Queiroz Lorena Gabriela Coelho de , Gomes Wellington Silva , Pereira Marlon Cristian Toledo , Monteiro Hélida Christine de Freitas , Bento Cíntia dos Santos , Oliveira Gevaldo Barbosa de
Published: April 2022

The low number of ornamental pepper cultivars available in the market, combined with a high demand for this ornamental product, has boosted breeding programs for this crop. The objective was to morphologically characterize, estimating the genetic parameters of the main variables of ornamental importance in an F2 population of pepper (C. annuum). The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse at the experimental area of the State University of Montes Claros, Janaúba campus, MG, Brazil. The accessions Uni01 and Uni07 were used as parents to obtain F1 generations and, subsequently, a F2 population; 333 genotypes from the F2 generation were evaluated using 19 qualitative and five quantitative descriptors correlated to important characteristics for varietal description and ornamental use. Five fruits per plant were used to evaluate fruit characters: mean fruit weight, mean fruit length, mean fruit diameter, mean peduncle length, and mean pericarp thickness. The genetic parameters of quantitative descriptors were estimated using mean square expected values obtained through Anova. The genetic variability found can be explored for most evaluated characteristics. The quantitative descriptors related to fruit characteristics, based on heritability estimates, can be considered for selection.
De problemen rond de strafbaarstelling van het inreisverbod (artikel 197 Sr): een overzicht van tien roerige jaren sinds de implementatie in Nederland
Authors: Pahladsingh A. (Aniel) , Druijf E. (Eric)
Published: April 2022

Strafbaarstelling van het inreisverbod (artikel 197 Sr): een overzicht van tien roerige jaren

De bijdrage bespreekt artikel 197 Sr (zwaar inreisverbod) en de vraagstukken die hebben geleid tot het staken van de vervolging van de overtreding van het zware inreisverbod vanwege de Europese en nationale uitspraken die de afgelopen jaren daarover zijn gedaan. In het arrest inzake JZ heeft het Hof van Justitie vervolgens met toepassing van de uitgangspunten van het arrest Ouhrami zijn fiat gegeven aan strafbaarstelling van illegaal verblijf van de vreemdeling die kennis heeft van een inreisverbod dat jegens hem is uitgevaardigd. De Hoge Raad heeft hierop in zijn arrest in de zaak JZ voortgeborduurd. De vraag dringt zich op of de strafbaarstelling van het negeren van een uitgevaardigd inreisverbod zich verdraagt met het lex certa-beginsel. Voorts worden er vragen gesteld bij de verhouding tussen de straf- en de bestuursrechter. Mocht in de praktijk opnieuw onduidelijkheid ontstaan omtrent de toepasselijkheid van dit artikel, dan lijkt het hoog tijd dat de Nederlandse wetgever artikel 197 Sr herschrijft.
De scherpe scheiding tussen het militair tuchtrecht en het (militair) strafrecht
Authors: van Hoek B. (Bas) , Roorda M. (Mark)
Published: April 2022

De scherpe scheiding tussen het militair tuchtrecht en het (militair) strafrecht

In 1991 is een scherpe scheiding aangebracht tussen het militair tuchtrecht en het (militair) strafrecht. De bijdrage bespreekt twee aspecten die met de scherpe scheiding verband houden, de aangifteplicht voor commandanten (art. 78 Wmt) en de uitzondering op de scherpe scheiding (art. 79 Wmt). Betoogd wordt dat de materiële uitwerking van zowel de aangifteplicht als de uitzonderingsmogelijkheid onvoldoende aansluiten bij het doel dat met de scherpe scheiding werd beoogd.
JURIDICAL ANALYSIS ON THE LEGAL CHOICE CLAUSE AND DISPUTE SETTLEMENT IN THE FRANCHISE AGREEMENT
Authors: Melianus T Giovanni , Budiana I Nyoman , Scolastika Sheanny
Published: April 2022

Collaboration in the trade sector both at the national and international levels in the form of a franchise looks simple, but behind it, there are various problems that require attention from both the public or parties as well as from the Indonesian government. This is because the franchise agreement conducted by the parties often involves foreign parties who have a different legal system from Indonesia. This situation has the potential to create a conflict of law. Therefore, this study aims to provide legal solutions to disputes that may occur between the franchisor and the franchisee so that neither parties is burdened because of the lack of laws covering it. Normative legal research is used to analysis the problem of this research. The data source of this research uses primary legal materials and secondary legal materials related to clauses in the franchise agreement. Likewise, for the settlement of disputes on an agreement that has not yet determined the choice of law, several theories in international civil law can be used, such as the lex loci contractus theory, the lex loci solutionis, the proper law of contract, and the theory of the most characteristic connection to find laws that should apply (lex cause) For the settlement of legal disputes (conflict of law), especially in franchise agreements, the settlement of disputes does not have to go through litigation or court but can be resolved through Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) including arbitration institutions, which have the advantage of solving them, namely efficiency ( cost and time).
LEGALITY OF MARIJUANA USE IN THE NEED FOR MEDICAL TREATMENT IN INDONESIA (JUDGING FROM LAW NUMBER 36 OF 2009 CONCERNING HEALTH AND LAW NUMBER 35 OF 2009 CONCERNING NARCOTICS)
Authors: Marisca Evalina Gondokesumo  , Nabbilah Amir
Published: April 2022

Marijuana according to positive law in Indonesia including narcotics group I which is considered the most dangerous because it has a very high addiction and the plant has long been viewed negatively by the wider community, but behind the negative stigma of the community it turns out that marijuana contains many benefits for health care needs. The issue for legalizing cannabis for medical purposes was initiated by the Nusantara Marijuana Circle organization. This research aims to examine whether the use of marijuana for medical purposes in Indonesia has received legalization. The research method used is empirical juridical. The legal materials use are primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The results showed that because the law was born and developed continuously to build and change itself towards a better level of perfection. With so much potential contained in cannabis, especially its presence in the health sector it is appropriate for state officials to revise policies on narcotics. Legalization of cannabis can be used as an alternative solution for the Indonesian state to improve the welfare of the community because it can be used as an alternative to the country's industrial commodities, especially in the field of health services.
JURIDICAL REVIEW OF THE LEGAL POSITION OF EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS WITHOUT A WRITTEN EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS
Authors: Anak Agung Sagung Ngurah Indradewi  , Ni Luh Ade Krisnatalingsih
Published: April 2022

Work agreements made in oral form do not conflict with the provisions of Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Employment, i.e. contained in the provisions Article 51 paragraph 1, i.e. employment agreements are made in writing or verbally. The research aims are to examine the  legal position of the worker in the employment relationship without a written employment agreement and the legal protection of workers and workers against the fulfillment of workers' rights in employment without a written employment agreement. The type of research used in this study is normative legal research. The source of legal material came from primary and secondary legal material source. The legal position of employment relations without a written employment agreement based on the perspective of labor law has a strong, legal position as long as it does not conflict with the legal conditions of the employment agreement, as provided for in Article 52 paragraph (1) of Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Employment. As a result of the law of employment without a written employment agreement, if the type of employment agreement is a Specific Time Work Agreement made in oral form, then the status changes to an Unspecified Time Work Agreement and if the type of employment agreement is an Unspecified Time Work Agreement then the employer is obliged to issue a letter of appointment to the worker/labor concerned to become a permanent worker. Verbal work agreements have not been able to provide full legal protection to workers, potentially harming workers and workers to the fulfillment of their rights and obligations as workers.
Legal Protection for Company Employees Who Are Under Self-Isolation Caused by Covid-19 Infection in Indonesia
Authors: I Wayan Gde Wiryawan  , Lis Julianti  , Emmy Febriani Thalib
Published: April 2022

This study aimed at analyzing regulations concerning legal protection for employees who are under self-isolation caused by Covid-19 infection. Moreover, there is the latest regulation concerning Protection and Business Continuity of Workers/Manpower related to prevention and control of Covid-19 Pandemic. This is a juridical-normative study with a statutory approach. The finding of this study showed that the legal protection scheme on the employees under self-isolation in a company affected by Covid-19 has been regulated in some Government Regulations. Therefore, principally the business owner should give wages fully to the employees as well as providing sick leave base on the established regulations.
The Construction of Field in Science Popularization Stories
Authors: Figini Florencia , Roccia Valentina , Rezzano Norma Susana
Published: April 2022

Systemic Functional Linguistics proposes a model of language that views texts as context-situated social activities. Context is modeled into two levels: context of culture which accounts for variation according to genre, and context of situation which accounts for variations according to three dimensions: field, tenor and mode. The register variable field, understood as the way in which a particular domain of experience is construed and organized through ideational meanings, is explored in a corpus of science popularization stories. The aim is to understand how science as a social activity is represented in these texts and to gain insights on how this approach can be useful in English as a Foreign Language reading courses in university environments. The data collected From a corpus of 60 popularization articles from the science popularization website Science Daily, including 30 stories extracted from the subsection Fitness in the Health section and 30 from the Chemistry Section, we randomly selected 10 stories from each field. One component of the Rhetorical Structure (Presentation of the Popularized Research) is selected to identify entities, activities and qualities through an analysis of Transitivity. Taxonomies are constructed related to the following entities: researchers, institutions, research reports, and research. The results show how the fields of doing science and reporting science are construed in this component through the description of those entities and the activities they are involved in. Pedagogical implications are suggested in relation to the design of pedagogical materials in EFL university reading courses.
Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis on advertisement of Colgate
Authors: Ni Made Sila Ulati
Published: April 2022

This study aims to analyze the advertisement of Colgate in audiovisual formed, when Colgate advertisement is one of the Super Bowl commercial break in USA. This study applies on semantic approach focused on the multimodal discourse analysis. In the semiotic sense, signs are words, images, sounds, gestures, and objects are also called multimodal, as it is said (Anstey & Geoff, 2010) a text is said to be a multimodal text if the text has two or more semiotic systems. There are five types of semiotic systems, e.g. linguistic, visual, audio, gestural, and layout. The method applied in this study is descriptive qualitative method. The result of this study is Colgate Total advertisement covers five aspects in a multimodal semiotic system, namely linguistic, visual, audio, gestural, and location aspects. These five aspects come together to make the ad appearance very attractive and easy to remember.
Keywords: multimodality, advertisement, analysis
Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Djarum 76 Advertisement Entitled “New Normal”
Authors: Paramitha Sari Ni Made Dian
Published: April 2022

Advertisement is one of the communication media that aims to convey information in order to persuade people to buy products. Advertisements use verbal and nonverbal language in conveying the information, as the result it is included as multimodal text. Djarum 76 advertisement is interesting to analyze because they show a different concept from other cigarette advertisements. This study aims to (1) describe language metafunctions, (2) examine visual metafunctions, and (3) explain the relationship between language metafunction and visual metafunction of Djarum 76 advertisements as a multimodal text.  The data used in this study are a video of Djarum 76 advertisements entitled "New Normal" in 2020. This video was obtained at Glow Films Jakarta’s YouTube channel, which is the production house for this advertisement. In collecting data, documentation methods and techniques of screenshots, transcripts, and notes were used. This study used the theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics by Halliday (1985), the theory of visual communication grammar from Kress and Leeuwen (2006), intersemiosis (Liu & O’Halloran, 2009) and resemiotization (Iedema, 2003). In explaining the research results, formal and informal methods were used.  Based on the analysis of language metafunction, the Djarum 76 advertisement entitled “New Normal” is dominated by mental processes and relational identification processes, declarative mode, and simplex themes. Based on visual metafunctions, this advertisement is dominated by narrative representation process, no eye contact, far social distance, subjective, and center-margin information. The relationship of language and visual metafunctions show that this advertisement is dominated by additive intersemiosis. It means the text elements give a new information to visual elements and vice versa. In addition, resemiotization in this advertisement is used as a marketing technique to attract the attention of the audience.
Keywords: Multimodality, Language Metafunctions, Visual Metafunctions, Intersemiosis, Resemiotization, Djarum 76 Cigarette Advertisiments
Textual Analysis in TEDxSalem Speech on 'Prioritizing mental health in schools by Hailey Hardcastle'
Authors: Fadzila Nadia
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the realization of textual metafunctions
and the types of themes that are dominated in speeches about mental
health on the TEDxSalem YouTube channel entitled 'Why you should
take a break: Prioritizing mental health in schools and brought by
Hailey Hardcastle. The method in this research is qualitative with a
content analysis approach. The data was obtained from the speech text
and the data were analyzed using Halliday's Theory by considering the
data analysis steps proposed by Gay et al. From the results of the
analysis, it was found that the realization of the textual metafunction in
Hailey Hardcastle's speech was applied. Found 105 clauses in the
speech. And in those 105 clauses, there are themes and rhymes that
mediate messages to their listeners. So it can be concluded that based on
the textual metafunction perspective, the speaker tries to attract the
listener's attention to focus more on the message of what is being said,
and gives a lot of statements to tell the listener his confession that
mental health should be considered the same as physical health and
preferably starting at an early age.
Sosialisasi Reboisasi Lahan Kompensasi Ijin Pakai Kawasan Hutan Mendukung Pembangunan Infrastruktur Ketenagalistrikan
Authors: Rajagukguk Jenni Ria , Basuki Basuki
Published: April 2022

Pembangunan proyek PLTA Rajamandala dengan daya terpasang 47 MW di aliran sungai citarum desa cihea kecamatan haurwangi  kabupaten Cianjur dilakukan oleh PT Rajamandala Electric Power.. Setelah melalui berbagai upaya berat yang dilakukan terutama pendekatan persuasif ke masyarakat, Pengembang PLTA Rajamandala berhasil membebaskan lahan kompensasi seluas 31,31 ha sebagai kewajiban pemegang IPPKH melalui proses “ganti untung” dari masyarakat Desa Sukamekar Kecamatan Sukanegara Kabupaten Cianjur yang harus dilakukan reboisasi untuk dihutankan. Pengembang PLTA Rajamandala harus menerapkan ESMS (Environment and Social Management System),  sehingga terjadi keseimbangan antara lahan yang dipakai untuk pembangunan infrastruktur dengan lahan kawasan hutan. Upaya reboisasi lahan kompensasi menjadi perhatian tim kami dalam penulisan karya tulis melalui kegiatan  P2M di MMT-S2 Unkris. Permasalahan nya adalah  bagaimana sosialisasi mekanisme pelaksanaan proses reboisasi di lokasi dan tujuan  penelitian dapat melaksanakan sosialisasi reboisasi lahan kompensasi diharapkan peserta tim pengabdian masyarakat serta metode penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode deskriptif  kualitatif.  Sehingga pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat melalui  sosialisasi reboisasi lahan  kompensasi ijin pinjam pakai  kawasan  hutan untuk mendukung pembangunan  infratruktur ketenaglistrikan dapat dijalankan dengan baik bersinergi  kedua belak pihak.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pengolahan Sampah Organik di Kelurahan Nitu Kota Bima
Authors: Nasir Muh. , Hartatl Hartatl , Azmin Nikman
Published: April 2022

Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah memberi pelatihan kepada masyarakat untuk mengolah sampah Organik menjadi kompos yang bernilai ekonomis. Pelaksanaan kegiatan dilaksanakan selama 2 minggu di Kelurahan Nitu Kota Bima, kegiatan ini meliputi persiapan awal kegiatan, yakni analisis situasi dan analisis kebutuhan. Kegiatan di lapangan dilakukan dengan metode sosialisasi dan pelatihan praktek langsung serta pendampingan pengelolaan sampah organik menjadi pupuk organik yang bernilai ekonomis. Tahapan kegiatan ini mencakup teori dan praktek meliputi: (1) Sosialisasi; (2) Pengenalan produk; dan (3) Pembuatan produk (praktek langsung). Hasil Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat bertema Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pengolahan Sampah Organik sangat bermanfaat bagi warga masyarakat Kelurahan Nitu Kota Bima. Kompos cair yang dihasilkan adalah sebanyak 2 Liter, sementara kompos padat yang dihasilkan 3 kg, masyarakat mendapatkan keterampilan dalam mengolah sampah organik menjadi kompos cair dan padat, serta bermanfaat untuk dikembangkan menjadi usaha yang inovatif.  Tingkat pengetahuan warga terhadap pengelolaan sampah secara umum masih relatif kecil,  Untuk  pengalaman warga dalam mengelola sampah sudah cukup baik, Persepsi masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan  sampah  sudah  baik.
Which Forecasting Models Are Employed in The Shipping Industry? Identifying Key Themes and Future Directions Through an Integrative Review
Authors: Fiskin C Solak , Cerit A G
Published: April 2022

Developing accurate forecasting models provides the capability of handling the uncertain, volatile, and complex nature of the shipping industry. The outcome of the forecasts directly affects the decisions of policymakers. In this case, numerous forecasting studies have been published over time and rapid development has been evolved to reach accurate forecasts. This paper reviews both analytical and empirical studies by categorizing forecasting themes for shipping. The focus is threefold: to examine the developed forecasting models, to analyse the employed specific features and to evaluate the data characteristics, used variables, forecasting methods and models, and model features. Furthermore, a future agenda and implications to the industry are proposed. The findings are considered to provide information that is useful for researchers and practitioners who are involved in the forecasting process of the shipping industry.
A New Method for Predicting Site-Specific Wave-Induced Hull Girder Loads Acting on Ship-Shaped Offshore Installations in Benign Conditions
Authors: Kim Hyeong Jin , Mujeeb-Ahmed M.P. , Cabrera Miranda José Manuel , Paik Jeom-Kee
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study is to establish an innovative method for predicting wave-induced hull girder loads acting on ship-shaped offshore installations. Unlike in trading ships, the determination of hull girder loads of ship-shaped offshore installations must consider site-specific environmental conditions. However, the accurate determination of wave-induced loads is not straightforward owing to uncertainties in the ocean environmental conditions and location-dependent complexities, among other factors. This study proposes a probabilistic approach to determine the site-specific design values of wave-induced loads acting on ship-shaped offshore installations that also accounts for the effects of mooring system type. Six target regions – the North Sea, Gulf of Mexico, western coast of Africa, the eastern coast of South America, southeastern coast of Asia and northwestern coast of Australia – were studied to compare the results corresponding to various sea states. A set of wave scenarios representing all possible wave events for each target region were selected using the Latin hypercube sampling technique. To demonstrate this method, the design values of the wave-induced vertical bending moments were determined for a very large crude oil carrier (VLCC)-class structure with a hypothetical floating, production, storage and offloading (FPSO) unit. The effects of the mooring system type (e.g., single-point mooring versus spread mooring) on the wave-induced hull girder loads of the ship-shaped offshore installations were also evaluated. The validation of the developed method was made by comparison with existing results in the literature, its novelty is associated with a new methodology that can accurately determine wave-induced hull girder loads of ship-shaped offshore installations taking into account the effects of site-specific ocean environmental conditions and mooring system type, and its main contribution to the industry is to provide core technology for the safe and economical design of ship-shaped offshore hull structures.
Evaluation and Adaptions to the Greenheart Project zero-emission vessel for service in the Pacific Islands
Authors: Scherpenhuijsen Rom Erik , De Haan Naomi , Noffke Deborah , Horstmeier Danique , De Haas Matthew , Kana Austin , Akkerman Ido , Irvin Andrew , Nuttall Peter
Published: April 2022

This paper provides an evaluation on the suitability of the Greenheart Project vessel design for the Pacific Islands and proposes adaptations for an improved design that is specifically tailored to an updated set of requirements. The Greenheart Project vessel design was developed by an open-source design process and is part of an initiative to develop zero-emission sail and solar ships for remote island locations. The original vessel design stands unaltered since 2014 and the design has now been tested against an updated set of client requirements which were developed in cooperation with local stakeholders. Proposed adaptations to the design are described and an alternative design is proposed that specifically matches with the proposed client requirements. Three types of requirements are developed and discussed: technical, operational, and economic. The research results in adaptations which are integrated into a final design. This paper discusses the evaluation of the Greenheart Project, the considered adaptations and elaborates specifically on the propulsion system.
Uma Proposta de um Escalonador para Gamma
Authors: França Felipe Maia Galvão , Muylaert Filho Juarez Assumpção , Paillard Gabriel Antoine Louis
Published: April 2022

Esse artigo apresenta um novo modelo de escalonamento distribuído de tarefas para Gamma, onde as tarefas são reações definidas em Gamma. Gamma é um formalismo para programação paralela baseado na reescrita não determinística de multiconjuntos. O novo modelo de escalonamento que nós propomos traz algumas vantagens quando comparado a outras implementações de Gamma, em termos da quantidade de concorrência oferecida pelo controle distribuído. Nosso modelo permite que múltiplas instâncias da mesma reação sobre diferentes elementos do multiconjunto em questão coexistam de uma forma natural.
Geração Quase-Instantânea de Orientações Acíclicas em Sistemas Distribuídos Anônimos
Authors: Arantes Junior Gladstone Moises , França Felipe Maia Galvão
Published: April 2022

Este artigo discute um conjunto de algoritmos distribuídos não-determinísticos para a geração de orientações acíclicas em um sistema distribuído anônimo de topologia arbitrária. Embora possam ser concebidas outras aplicações práticas para essa forma de quebra de simetria, estaremos focando o problema da inicialização de um sistema para a operação do Escalonamento por Reversão de Arestas (ERA), um simples e poderoso algoritmo de escalonamento distribuído. O ERA requer uma orientação acíclica inicial no grafo que representa o compartilhamento de recursos do sistema alvo para executar corretamente e tal condição inicial determina a "quantidade de concorrência" associada à dinâmica do escalonamento. Os algoritmos são analisados tanto em termos de tempo de convergência quanto em termos de quantidade de concorrência produzida. Em particular, é proposto um novo algoritmo chamado Alg-Arestas que, em certas condições, é capaz de produzir orientações acíclicas quase instantaneamente, isto é, em menos de dois (2) passos.
Mecanismos de Detecção de Instruções Dependentes em Arquiteturas Super Escalares
Authors: Silva Gabriel P. , Fernandes Edil S. T.
Published: April 2022

Apesar dos avanços tecnológicos, o número de instruções que são despachadas em paralelo pelos processadores super escalares atuais é ainda muito modesto. As técnicas de predição de desvio e a renomeação de registradores atenuam os efeitos das dependências de controle e de dados, que são os principais obstáculos para o aumento da largura de despacho. Este artigo trata da deteção automática da dependência de dados de instruções em máquinas super escalares de amplo despacho. Nós especificamos três mecanismos capazes de examinar as dependências de dados de um grande número instruções. Cada mecanismo tem uma cache especial que armazena as relações de dependência entre as instruções de um mesmo bloco básico. A suíte SPEC95 foi simulada por máquinas super escalares experimentais equipadas com esses mecanismos. Os resultados dos experimentos mostraram que nossos mecanismos de deteção são mais eficientes do que os existentes: reduzem a complexidade do hardware e tornam viável o despacho de um grande número de instruções em paralelo.
Servidores Paralelos e Distribuídos de Comércio Eletrônico
Authors: Cançado T. , Pereira A. , Abrahão B. , Pereira R. , Meira Jr. W. , Amorim C. , Faustino A. , Dias S.
Published: April 2022

A popularização da Internet torna o comércio eletrônico uma de suas aplicações mais promissoras, o que explica o aumento significativo da carga observada nos sites e a consequente degradação do desempenho de seus servidores. Em paralelo, os usuários estão mais exigentes e criteriosos ao escolher os serviços utilizados e, portanto, escalabilidade tornou-se ponto chave para atender satisfatoriamente esses consumidores. Este artigo apresenta um mecanismo de distribuição de serviços e dados entre servidores de transação estendendo o trabalho anterior, onde apenas a replicação de dados em servidores de comércio eletrônico foi abordada. Essa abordagem foi implementada e validada no âmbito de uma livraria virtual e logs de acesso reais e demonstra que o esquema proposto aumenta efetivamente a escalabilidade do servidor. Por outro lado, descobrimos que a demanda de comunicação entre os servidores distribuídos é crítica e requer análises futuras.
Uso de arquitetura DSP para otimizar o desempenho da reconstrução de imagens tomográficas com wavelets
Authors: Pereira M. F. L. , Cruvinel P. E. , Saito J. H.
Published: April 2022

Esse trabalho apresenta um sistema para reconstrução de imagens tomográficas usando uma plataforma paralela dedicada para o minitomógrafo de solos da Embrapa Instrumentação Agropecuária. Foram utilizados dois processadores TMS320C40 acoplados a módulos TIM-40 em uma placa HEPC2E. No desenvolvimento do software utilizou-se uma combinação das ferramentas Code Composer da Texas lnstruments, da linguagem C Paralela da 3L e do Borland Builder C++. As tarefas de reconstrução 20 e 3D foram distribuídos entre os processadores e utilizou-se a memória cache dos processadores para diminuição das taxa de perda e aumentar tanto o poder de processamento quanto à velocidade do sistema. Resultados com dados de amostras tomográficas reais utilizando o método de retroprojeção mostram boa performance, com uma redução de aproximadamente 80% do tempo de reconstrução demandado em plataforma convencional com um microprocessador de 200 MHz.
"Prober: Uma Ferramenta de Análise Funcional e de Desempenho de Programas Paralelos e Configuração de Cluster"
Authors: Ramos Luiz Eduardo S. , Góes Luís Fabrício W. , Martins Carlos Augusto P. S.
Published: April 2022

Este trabalho descreve uma ferramenta de análise funcional e de desempenho de programas paralelos que utiliza monitoramento para gerenciar a execução do programa, coletar métricas de desempenho e mostrar resultados através de gráficos e valores estatísticos. Além disso, o Prober é uma ferramenta que facilita toda a configuração de um ambiente paralelo em um cluster.
Sincronia Virtual Otimista em Servidor de Grupos CORBA
Authors: Dias Gláucia Oliveira , Melo Alba Cristina Magalhães Alves de
Published: April 2022

Os grupos de objetos dinâmicos permitem que os objetos entrem ou saiam do grupo quando desejarem. Cada vez que a composição do grupo se altera, uma nova visão é criada. Nesse contexto, a sincronia virtual é uma propriedade muito útil, pois garante que, se dois processos permanecem na mesma visão após uma troca de visão, o mesmo conjunto de mensagens será entregue a eles. A maioria dos protocolos que implementam a sincronia virtual suspendem a atividade de mensagens regulares enquanto a visão está mudando. A sincronia virtual otimista (OVS), ao contrário, permite que mensagens regulares sejam enviadas e recebidas por uma estimativa dos membros que comporão a próxima visão enquanto a visão está se alterando. Ao se estabelecer a nova visão, as mensagens otimistas são avaliadas e somente são entregues as mensagens para as quais a estimativa é correta. Neste artigo, nós propomos e avaliamos uma abordagem para integrar a OVS em um serviço de grupos CORBA chamado OGS (Object Group Service). Os resultados obtidos mostram que a sincronia virtual otimista oferece ganhos muito bons de desempenho em sistemas onde a troca de visão é frequente.
Comparativo entre Diferentes Interfaces de Comunicação para Programação Paralela
Authors: Kreutz Diego Luis , Cera Márcia Cristina , Pasin Marcelo , Righi Rodrigo da Rosa
Published: April 2022

As aplicações desenvolvidas para ambientes de programação paralela e distribuída possuem seu desempenho diretamente relacionado ao da interface de comunicação utilizada para viabilizar sua execução. Uma vez que há a necessidade de comunicação entre os nós processadores que compõem o sistema, esta tarefa acaba, muitas vezes, sendo mais onerosa que o próprio tempo de processamenfo da aplicação paralela. Considerando tal aspecto, neste estudo foram realizadas comparações entre diferentes interfaces de comunicação, a fim de analisar a influência do uso destas no desempenho de uma aplicação específica.
Portabilidade na Programação para o Processamento de Alto Desempenho
Authors: Dall'Agnol Evandro Clivatti , Villa Real Lucas Correia , Benitez Epifanio Diniz , Cavalheiro Gerson Geraldo H.
Published: April 2022

Este artigo apresenta estudos de caso avaliando Anahy, um ambiente de desenvolvimento e execução de aplicações paralelas em aglomerados. Este ambiente foi projetado para oferecer recursos para a exploração do processamemo de alto desempenho através de uma ferramenta de programação capaz de retirar do programador a responsabilidade de gerenciar os recursos disponíveis na arquitetura. A estrutura básica de Anahy é apresentada, bem como as ferramentas selecionadas para implementá-lo. Por fim, é apresentada uma análise de resultados obtidos com aplicações Anahy. A questão da portabilidade conduz as discussões neste trabalho. São considerados dois aspectos: a portabilidade de desempenho e a portabilidade de código.
Uma Arquitetura DTSVLIW com Múltiplos Contextos de Execução
Authors: Almeida Fernando Líbio L. , Souza Alberto F. De
Published: April 2022

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo preliminar de uma arquitetura DTSVLIW com múltiplos contextos de execução implementados em hardware. A principal motivação para o desenvolvimento desta arquitetura foi a constatação do grande impacto da latência da hierarquia de memória no desempenho da arquitetura DTSVLIW. Foram abordados os principais aspectos e examinados possíveis critérios de decisão para implementação de uma primeira versão de um simulador para que, através de experimentos, fosse possível avaliar a redução do impacto da latência de memória no desempenho DTSVLIW propiciada por múltiplos contextos de hardware. Nossos resultados mostram a grande influência da organização de caches no desempenho da arquitetura, e a importância de uma análise mais detalhada de diferentes formas de implementação de máquinas DTSVLIW com múltiplos contextos de execução implementados em hardware.
Comparação entre Métodos de Decomposição de Domínio e Decomposição de Dados na Solução de Sistemas de Equações
Authors: Galante Guilherme , Diverio Tiarajú Asmuz , Martinotto André Luis , Picinin Júnior Delcino , Dorneles Ricardo Vargas , Rizzi Rogério Luis
Published: April 2022

Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo comparativo entre as abordagens de decomposição de dados e decomposição de domínio para a resolução em paralelo de sistemas de equações. As duas abordagens mostraram-se eficientes, com bons ganhos de desempenho na resolução de sistemas de equações. Nos testes efetuados a abordagem de decomposição de dados mostrou-se mais adequada para uma quantidade menor de processos, enquanto que a abordagem de decomposição de domínio mostrou-se mais escalável, comportando-se melhor com quantidades mais elevadas de processos.
Desenvolvimento de Aplicações Distribuídas Utilizando DPC++
Authors: Moschetta Eduardo , Cavalheiro Gerson Geraldo H.
Published: April 2022

Nesse artigo, é apresentado DPC++, uma extensão da Linguagem C++ para programação de aplicações de alto desempenho em aglomerados de computadores. Introduzindo uma quantidade mínima de primitivas à Linguagem original, oferece recursos de alto nível ao programador que simplifica o desenvolvimento de aplicações distribuídas, deixando inalterada a lógica de programação seqüencial. Nesse trabalho, esses recursos da linguagem são apresentados, bem como o pré-processamento realizado em torno desses mecanismos. O modelo de objetos distribuídos empregado pela ferramenta é apresentado e validado com testes de desempenho, os quais também permitem analisar os custos gerados pelos recursos incluídos por DPC++ em uma aplicação distribuída.
Estratégias de Armazenamento para Implementações Paralelas do Método dos Elementos Finitos
Authors: Lima Leonardo Muniz de , Melotti Bruno Zanetti , Catabriga Lucia , Valli Andréa Maria Pedrosa
Published: April 2022

O presente trabalho estuda o desempenho da paralelização do método dos elementos finitos utilizando estratégia de decomposição de domínio com estruturas de blocos orientados da matriz de discretização resultante e três formatos de armazenamento de matrizes esparsas. O sistema linear de equações proveniente da formulação do método dos elementos finitos é resolvido através do método iterativo não-estacionário GMRES. Os esquemas de armazenamento empregam versões paralelas da estratégia elemento por elemento, aresta por aresta e do tradicional formato de linhas esparsas comprimidas. A implementação é desenvolvida para arquiteturas de memória distribuída, particularmente para clusters de estações de trabalho, e a troca de mensagens entre os processadores é efetuada através da biblioteca MPI.
Balanceamento de Carga nas Redes Inteligentes Distribuídas
Authors: Bodart N. L. O. , Durães E. R. de C. , Soares R. B. , Garcia A. S.
Published: April 2022

Este artigo apresenta uma proposta para viabilizar a implementação de serviços banda larga nas Redes Inteligentes distribuídas, com a premissa de que a Arquitetura de Serviços é acessada por meio de um Gateway. Propõe-se a inclusão de um Serviço de Balanceamento de Carga Adaptativo por Demanda, recentemente implementado em um ORB compatível com o CORBA, The ACE ORB (TAO), para otimizar a escalabilidade e a vazão nos servidores e prover mais segurança às aplicações distribuídas.
Comportamento de Aplicações Paralelas em Aglomerados de Computadores Heterogêneos
Authors: Kreutz Diego Luis , Schnorr Lucas Mello , Possani Cleverton Marlon , Stein Benhur
Published: April 2022

A computação em aglomerados heterogêneos de computadores está cada vez mais presente na área de computação de alto desempenho. Neste contexto, o objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar e analisar alguns dados de desempenho de aplicações paralelas em aglomerados desse gênero. Além disso, é apresentado um calculador de capacidade de computação para nós de processamento de máquinas virtuais LAM/MPI. Com ele o usuário pode facilmente estabelecer um balanceamento de cargas para a sua aplicação, considerando as principais características da mesma.
Uma abordagem de balanceamento de carga baseada em algoritmo de aprendizado de máquina genético
Authors: Pinto A. R. , Dantas M. A. R.
Published: April 2022

A utilização de agregados de computadores está cada vez mais presente no contexto computacional atual. Um dos grandes problemas de tais ambientes, muitas vezes, é a má utilização dos recursos computacionais. O módulo de escalonamento de processos é um importante componente para a melhoria de distribuição das cargas do sistema. Neste artigo, apresentamos uma abordagem de escalonamento dinâmico de processo baseada em sistemas classificadores. Sistemas classificadores são algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina, baseados em algoritmos genéticos, altamente adaptáveis. Em adição, apresentamos a implementação do pacote de software necessário para a execução dos testes, o qual é testado sob o paradigma de uma arquitetura mestre-escravo de agregados de computador. Nossos resultados experimentais demonstram um diferencial na capacidade de adaptação do sistema classificador mediante o ambiente sob qual está inserido.
Funções MPI de Comunicação Coletiva Reconfiguráveis
Authors: Ramos Luiz Eduardo da Silva , Martins Carlos Augusto Paiva da Silva
Published: April 2022

As funções MPI (Message Passing Interface) de comunicação coletiva (FMCC) são comumente implementadas em bibliotecas que utilizam algoritmos invariáveis. Nem sempre elas apresentam o melhor desempenho em todos os tipos de aplicações e ambientes de execução. Neste artigo, apresentamos, simulamos, modelamos analiticamente, verificamos e analisamos FMCC que apresentam estruturas e comportamentos que podem ser alterados para fornecer configurações, flexibilidade e desempenho otimizados. Nossos principais objetivos são: propor e apresentar um conjunto de FMCC (reconfiguráveis) otimizadas; apresentar, simular, modelar analiticamente, verificar e analisar as funções propostas. Nossas metas são: simular diferentes versões de FMCC, incluindo uma versão reconfigurável, e fornecer uma análise comparativa entre implementações fixas e reconfiguráveis. Os resultados mostram que a reconfiguração no nível de algoritmo realmente produz ganhos de flexibilidade e de desempenho em FMCCs.
Análise Estatística do Trafego de E-Mail para o Projeto de um Cluster de Alto Desempenho
Authors: Amorim Antonio Carlos Oliveira , Imori Daniel Kobayashi , Kofuji Sérgio Takeo , Melo Vidal Zapparoli
Published: April 2022

This paper shows an e-mail statistical analysis and the behavior of its users based on real servers utilization. The work is related to an specification project, under development in lnstitute for Technological Research (IPT-Brasil), for a high scalability and availability e-mail service ( above 100.000 users). The statistical results are a important step to the system performance evaluation, allowing an implementation of realistic workload simulations. The data collected are related in three categories: the amount of messages per user, the time interval between messages and the size of each message. The time intervals and the size of messages are calculate in accordance to a model thats use probability density functions fitting the real data, scaled to desired quantity of users. To carry through the simulations, Java applications will be implemented to generate messages with the results that best fits the realistic workload. The work intends to simulare the requisitions generated by the users, to measure the system capacity according the servers quantity and performance, to characterize servers utilization pattems and users behavior in arder to determine the restrictive performance factors.