bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Congenital clubfoot in Europe: A population‐based study
Authors: Wang Hao , Barisic Ingeborg , Loane Maria , Addor Marie‐Claude , Bailey Linda M. , Gatt Miriam , Klungsoyr Kari , Mokoroa Olatz , Nelen Vera , Neville Amanda J. , O'Mahony Mary , Pierini Anna , Rissmann Anke , Verellen‐Dumoulin Christine , de Walle Hermien E.K. , Wiesel Awi , Wisniewska Katarzyna , de Jong‐van den Berg Lolkje T.W. , Dolk Helen , Khoshnood Babak , Garne Ester
Published: February 2019

We aimed to assess prevalence, birth outcome, associated anomalies and prenatal diagnosis of congenital clubfoot in Europe using data from the EUROCAT network, and to validate the recording of congenital clubfoot as a major congenital anomaly by EUROCAT registries. Cases of congenital clubfoot were included from 18 EUROCAT registries covering more than 4.8 million births in 1995–2011. Cases without chromosomal anomalies born during 2005–2009, were randomly selected for validation using a questionnaire on diagnostic details and treatment. There was 5,458 congenital clubfoot cases of which 5,056 (93%) were liveborn infants. Total prevalence of congenital clubfoot was 1.13 per 1,000 births (95% CI 1.10–1.16). Prevalence of congenital clubfoot without chromosomal anomaly was 1.08 per 1,000 births (95% CI 1.05–1.11) and prevalence of isolated congenital clubfoot was 0.92 per 1,000 births (95% CI 0.90–0.95), both with decreasing trends over time and large variations in prevalence by registry. The majority of cases were isolated congenital clubfoot (82%) and 11% had associated major congenital anomalies. Prenatal detection rate of isolated congenital clubfoot was 22% and increased over time. Among 301 validated congenital clubfoot cases, diagnosis was confirmed for 286 (95%). In conclusion, this large population‐based study found a decreasing trend of congenital clubfoot in Europe after 1999–2002, an increasing prenatal detection rate, and a high standard of coding of congenital clubfoot in EUROCAT.
Influenza‐associated septic shock accompanied by septic cardiomyopathy that developed in summer and mimicked fulminant myocarditis
Authors: Fujioka Masaki , Suzuki Kei , Iwashita Yoshiaki , Imanaka‐Yoshida Kyoko , Ito Masaaki , Katayama Naoyuki , Imai Hiroshi
Published: February 2019

Case

Fulminant myocarditis (FM) and septic cardiomyopathy (SC) are two different disease entities, and distinction between them is important. A 34‐year‐old man had refractory shock, multiple organ failure, and elevation of cardiogenic markers. Echocardiogram showed tachycardia with extended ST elevation, and a rapid test for influenza A virus was positive. He was admitted with suspected FM induced by influenza.

Outcome

Echocardiography showed severe left ventricular dysfunction and dilatation, but no myocardial edema. Inconsistent with FM, a right heart catheter examination showed preserved cardiac output. Therefore, SC was considered and standard therapy for septic shock was initiated. He was stabilized in the first 72 h without mechanical circulatory support.

Conclusion

Influenza A infection can cause septic shock accompanied by SC. This condition is confusing in the clinical appearance of FM. However, SC shows critically different features of FM, and it might not occur in the epidemic period.
Quantum Key Distribution Protocol Optimization
Authors: Tannous Charbel , Langlois Jacques
Published: February 2019

Quantum key distribution is a practically implementable cryptographic communication methodology from the hardware and software point of view. It is an information‐theoretic secure method for transmitting keys to remote partners practicing quantum communication. After examining various protocols from the most basic on, BBM92, DPSK, SARG04 and MDI (Measurement Device Independent) protocols are described in view of targeting the longest possible communication distance with the highest secret key bitrate. How any protocol can be optimized with respect to distance is discussed by analyzing the various steps impacting hardware and software that are developed, starting from the underlying assumptions proper to every protocol and ending with the corresponding performance in each case.
Fast Hybrid Quantum State Transfer and Entanglement Generation via No Transition Passage
Authors: Zhou Jian , Li Sai , Chen Tao , Xue Zheng‐Yuan
Published: February 2019

Quantum information processing requires information or entanglement that can be transferred or distributed from one location to another with high fidelity. Here, a scheme for faithful quantum state transfer and entanglement generation based on the hybrid opto‐electro‐mechanical (OEM) systems in a fast and deterministic way is proposed. By applying invariant‐based inverse engineering to the interaction Hamiltonian, the couplings in the OEM system can be controlled by asynchronized driving fields, which is convenient to be realized in practice. Taking the systematic decoherence into consideration, the numerical simulation shows that the scheme can be implemented with less time and high fidelity. Therefore, the scheme provides a promising way for robust on‐chip converting of low‐frequency electrical signal into much higher‐frequency optical signal, and thus enabling large‐scale quantum information networks to grow in size and complexity.
Strained 2D Layered Materials and Heterojunctions
Authors: Huang Tiantian , Wei Wei , Chen Xin , Dai Ning
Published: February 2019

2D layered materials and heterojunctions with excellent ductility and controllable atomic‐layer thicknesses have shown promise for use in advanced electronics and optical functional devices. Tailoring of nanoscale configurations and physical properties is essential and required for bespoke fabrication of advanced devices based on 2D materials. Due to the high strain tolerance of 2D layered materials, strain engineering is an effective method to tune their behaviors of electrons and phonons. A wide variety of 2D materials are available with tunable bandgaps from interface coupling effects, making 2D layered heterojunctions a versatile platform for understanding fundamental physical issues. Most physical properties and functional applications can be tailored by applying strain to 2D layered materials and heterostructures to realize a scheduled target in carrier concentration, mobility, and barrier height. Herein, the latest research on the roles of strain in modulating the physical properties of 2D layered materials and heterojunctions is introduced, focusing on the physical properties behind strain modulation in 2D materials. Understanding and manipulating strain in 2D layered materials and heterojunctions is important and beneficial for creating tunable electronic and optoelectronic constructions with advanced components, including functional flexible and wearable devices.
Polyfunctional Bis‐Lewis‐Acid‐/Bis‐Triazolium Catalysts for Stereoselective 1,4‐Additions of 2‐Oxindoles to Maleimides
Authors: Schmid Juliane , Junge Thorsten , Lang Johannes , Frey Wolfgang , Peters René
Published: February 2019

Achieving enzyme‐like catalytic activity and stereoselectivity without the typically high substrate specificity of enzymes is a challenge in the development of artificial catalysts for asymmetric synthesis. Polyfunctional catalysts are considered to be a promising tool for achieving excellent catalytic efficiency. A polyfunctional catalyst system was developed, which incorporates two Lewis acidic/Brønsted basic cobalt centers in combination with triazolium moieties that are crucial for high reactivity and excellent stereoselectivity in the direct 1,4‐addition of oxindoles to maleimides. The catalyst is assembled through click chemistry and is readily recyclable through precipitation by making use of its charges. Kinetic studies support a cooperative mode of action. Diastereodivergency is achievable with either Boc‐protected or unprotected maleimide.
New Sm (III) and Nd (III) complexes: Synthesis, structural characterization and fluorescent sensing of nitro‐aromatic compounds
Authors: Kose Muhammet , Kırpık Hilal , Kose Aysegul , Karabork Muharrem
Published: February 2019

In this work, four new Nd (III) and Sm (III) complexes of two pentadendate ligands (L1 and L2) were prepared and their molecular structures were determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. X‐ray analysis showed that the Nd (III) and Sm (III) complexes of L1 sits on a twofold crystallographic axis while the complexes of L2 does not show crystallographically imposed symmetry. Absorption and photoluminescence properties of the complexes were studied both in the solid state and DMF solutions. The fluorescence sensing of nitro‐aromatic compounds [nitrobenzene (NB), 4‐nitrophenol (NP), 2,4‐dinitrophenol (DNP) and 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (TNP)] were studied by photoluminescence spectroscopy. All four complexes showed better sensitivity towards nitrophenol (NP) with low LOD values.
Complex Relationships of Smoking, HLA–DRB1 Genes, and Serologic Profiles in Patients With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Update From a Swedish Population‐Based Case–Control Study
Authors: Hedström Anna Karin , Rönnelid Johan , Klareskog Lars , Alfredsson Lars
Published: February 2019

Objective

Smoking is associated with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in subsets of patients defined according to the presence or absence of anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) and rheumatoid factors (RFs). Moreover, an interaction between smoking and the HLA–DRB1 shared epitope (SE) has been demonstrated to be a risk factor for seropositive RA. The aim of this study was to investigate the interplay between smoking and the HLA–DRB1 SE with regard to risk of RA in different patient subsets based on ACPA and RF status.

Methods

Incident cases of RA (3,645 cases, 5,883 matched controls) were divided into 4 subgroups based on the presence or absence of RF and anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide 2 (anti‐CCP2) antibodies. The influence of smoking on the risk of disease was determined in each RA subgroup, using logistic regression models with calculation of odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). The potential interaction between smoking and HLA–DRB1 SE genes was evaluated by calculating the attributable proportion due to interaction (AP).

Results

In the RF+/anti‐CCP2+ subset of RA patients, both smoking and the presence of the HLA–DRB1 SE conferred independent disease risks, and there was a strong interaction between the 2 risk factors (AP 0.4, 95% CI 0.3, 0.5). In the RF−/anti‐CCP2+ patient subset, the HLA–DRB1 SE conferred an increased risk of RA, whereas the independent influence of smoking was limited. However, there was a significant interaction between the HLA–DRB1 SE and smoking (AP 0.2, 95% CI 0.02, 0.5). In the RF+/anti‐CCP2− patient subset, there was an increased risk of disease among smokers, which was only marginally affected by the presence of the HLA–DRB1 SE, and no interaction between the 2 factors was observed (AP 0.002, 95% CI −0.3, 0.3). In the RF−/anti‐CCP2− patient subset, neither smoking nor the presence of the HLA–DRB1 SE conferred an increased risk of RA.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate different effects of smoking and HLA–DRB1 in the 4 serologically defined RA subsets.
Managing a hybrid energy smart grid with a renewable energy source
Authors: Chakir Houssam Eddine , Hamid Ouadi , Fouad Giri
Published: February 2019

The aim of this work is to develop tools for optimal power flow management control in a micro grid (MG). The latter consists of a wind turbine, energy storage system, two gas turbines (GTs), and the main grid. Unlike the traditional approach, which is limited to the distribution of active power, this paper models an electrical system to coordinate and optimize the flow of both active and reactive power using discrete controls. The proposed optimal power distribution strategy has two objectives. First, it aims at forecasting over a time horizon of 24 hours the optimal distribution of the active and reactive power required for each power source connected to the MG. The proposed management incorporates the forecasts of consumption, weather, and tariffs. Second, it aims at reducing the CO2 emissions rate by optimizing both the operating point of the two GTs and the usage of the storage unit. The proposed optimization problem for the energy management system is solved using the Bellman algorithm through dynamic programming. Its effectiveness is illustrated with various simulations carried out in the Matlab environment. The supremacy of the proposed management algorithm is highlighted by comparing its performance with conventional (restricted) management.
Optimal fractional order PIλDμ controller for stabilization of cart‐inverted pendulum system: Experimental results
Authors: Mondal Reetam , Chakraborty Arindam , Dey Jayati , Halder Suman
Published: February 2019

The cart‐inverted pendulum is a non‐minimum phase system having right half s‐plane pole and zero in close vicinity to each other. Linear time invariant (LTI) classical controllers cannot achieve satisfactory loop robustness for such systems. Therefore, in the present work the fractional order PIλDμ (FOPID) controller is addressed for robust stabilization of the system, since fractional order controller design allows more degrees of freedom compared to its integer order counterparts by virtue of its two parameters λ and μ. The controller parameters are tuned by three evolutionary optimization techniques. In order to select the controller parameters optimally, a novel non‐linear fitness function using integral time square error (ITSE), settling‐time, and rise time is proposed here. The control algorithm is implemented successfully in real‐time. Moreover, stability analysis of the system compensated with a fractional order controller is presented using Riemann surface. Robustness of the physical cart‐inverted pendulum system towards multiplicative gain variations and plant parameter variations is verified. In this regard, it is shown that the fractional order controller provides satisfactory robust performance in both simulation and real‐time system.
Process design and economic evaluation of integrated, multi‐product biorefineries for the co‐production of bio‐energy, succinic acid, and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from sugarcane bagasse and trash lignocelluloses
Authors: Nieder‐Heitmann Mieke , Haigh Kathleen , Görgens Johann F.
Published: February 2019

This study investigates whether a biorefinery, annexed to an existing sugar mill and co‐producing succinic acid, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), and electricity from sugarcane bagasse and trash lignocelluloses, will be a viable investment opportunity for existing sugarcane mills. Four scenarios were simulated in Aspen Plus® and were included in the economic analysis. Scenario A involved the production of PHB and electricity; Scenario B the production of PHB, succinic acid, and electricity; Scenario C the production of succinic acid and electricity; and Scenario D involved the production of electricity only. The most favorable configuration was found for Scenario B where PHB was produced from 25% of the fermentable glucose stream, and succinic acid from the hemicellulose hydrolysate together with 75% of the glucose, resulting in an internal rate of return (IRR) of 24.1% with a net present value of US$477.2 million. Alternatively, Scenario D could be selected if low capital (130.1 million US$) and operational costs (US$13.2 million) are desired, although weak returns (IRR 10.3% and net present value of US$6.08 million) were observed for an electricity price of 0.08 US$ kWh−1. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Influence of pH and micellar systems on the sensitized photo‐oxidation of bovine serum albumin
Authors: Reynoso Eugenia , Cacciari R. Daniel , Suchetti Carlos A. , Montejano Hernán A. , Biasutti M. Alicia
Published: February 2019

Photosensitized oxidation of bovine serum albumin (BSA), by using perinaphtenone as a sensitizer, has been studied at pH 7.4 and 11. The selected sensitizer does not present ground‐state complexation with BSA and ensures that the mechanism is mediated by O2(1△g). Strong dependence between BSA–O2(1△g) photo‐oxidation and the pH of the medium has been found. The relative oxygen uptake rate (v− △ O2) and the total quenching rate constant (kt) values are higher at pH 11 than pH 7.4. The enhancement in the alkaline condition is due to conformational changes in the protein and the reactivity of tyrosinate anion with O2(1△g). Even when the tendency with the pH in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles is similar to that observed in homogeneous media, an increment on the kt value is detected. This effect may be attributable to the strong interaction of BSA–SDS, which leads to the protein unfolding and could leave more exposed photo‐oxidizable amino acids. A protective effect against the O2(1△g)‐mediated photo‐oxidation was observed in reverse micelles (RMs) of sodium bis(2‐ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) by comparing the kt values obtained at W = 10 with respect to the one obtain in homogeneous media. The latter could be mainly explained by the modification in the solvent polarity. Also, another important observation was found, the internal pH inside RMs of AOT sensed through tyrosine absorption was independent of the one used for the formation of the water pool. Hence, the kt values observed at both pH, are quite similar.
A Research‐inspired biochemistry laboratory module–combining expression, purification, crystallization, structure‐solving, and characterization of a flavodoxin‐like protein
Authors: Hammerstad Marta , Røhr Åsmund K. , Hersleth Hans‐Petter
Published: February 2019

Many laboratory courses consist of short and seemingly unconnected individual laboratory exercises. To increase the course consistency, relevance, and student engagement, we have developed a research‐inspired and project‐based module, “From Gene to Structure and Function”. This 2.5‐week full‐day biochemistry and structural biology module covers protein expression, purification, structure solving, and characterization. The module is centered around the flavodoxin‐like protein NrdI, involved in the activation of the bacterial ribonucleotide reductase enzyme system. Through an in‐depth focus on one specific protein, the students will learn the basic laboratory skills needed in order to generate a broader knowledge and breadth within the field. With respect to generic skills, the students report their findings as a scientific article, with the aim to learn to present concise research results and write scientific papers. The current research‐inspired project has the potential of being further developed into a more discovery‐driven project and extended to include other molecular biological techniques or biochemical/biophysical characterizations. In student evaluations, this research‐inspired laboratory course has received very high ratings and been highly appreciated, where the students have gained research experience for more independent future work in the laboratory. © 2019 The Authors. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(3):318–332, 2019.
Factors for succeeding in ISO 14001 implementation in Italian construction industry
Authors: Chiarini Andrea
Published: February 2019

The main aim of this research is to find the most relevant factors for a successful ISO 14001 implementation in the construction industry. Thousands of companies, including those in the construction industry, are interested in an ISO 14001 environmental management system (EMS). Italy holds one of the largest databases of ISO 14001 certified organisations; in this database, the construction industry represents the second largest sector. Using a questionnaire, the research tested six potential factors that affect the success of an ISO 14001 EMS implementation. Moreover, the quantitative results were discussed together with qualitative notes left by respondents.

The results showed that only three out of the six factors really affect ISO 14001 EMS implementation in the construction industry: involvement of employees, top management commitment, and development of environmental technical skills. It seems that the respondents perceived that economic and financial results, identification of environmental aspects and impacts, and the involvement of stakeholders have a limited or null effect on ISO 14001 implementation. Particular issues concerning developing workers' awareness, evaluating all the environmental impacts, and obtaining real economic advantages were raised in the respondents' comments. Conclusions highlight specific contributions for practitioners and other stakeholders involved in EMS.
Daily activity, mood, and quality of life in colorectal cancer patients with chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy: A mediation effect analysis
Authors: Lu Ling‐Chun , Tsay Shiow‐Luan , Chang Sou‐Yi , Chen Chung‐Ming , Liu Chieh‐Yu
Published: February 2019

Chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) with restriction of daily activity (RDA) was common consequence of oxaliplatin‐based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients. CIPN with RDA and negative mood may impact the quality of life (QoL). However, the relationships among RDA, mood, and QoL remain unclear. This was a cross‐sectional relative study in which four instruments were used: the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory was used to measure the severity of CIPN; the Screening of Activity Limitation and Safety Awareness scale was used to evaluate RDA; the Profile of Mood States Short Form was used to assess negative mood; and the Functional Assessment Cancer Center Therapy‐Colorectal scale version 4 was used to evaluate QoL. Relationships among the variables were analyzed by bivariate correlation, hierarchical multiple linear regression, and Baron and Kenny's mediation testing. One hundred three colorectal adenocarcinoma patients with CIPN after receiving oxaliplatin‐based chemotherapy were enrolled. Patients had mild‐to‐moderate CIPN and mild RDA. Significant correlations were found between CIPN and mood (r = 0.425, P < 0.001), between RDA and mood (r = 0.343, P < 0.001), and between RDA and QoL (r = 0.285, P < 0.01). RDA and mood may impact QoL. Under mediation effect analysis, mood mediated 38.48% of the effect of RDA on QoL (P < 0.001). Negative mood is the major factor impacting QoL in colorectal cancer patients with CIPN. Although the management of CIPN and RDA can prevent irreversible functional problems, enhancing the adaption of mood disturbance can strongly promote their QoL.
Nr5a2 promotes cancer stem cell properties and tumorigenesis in nonsmall cell lung cancer by regulating Nanog
Authors: Ye Ting , Li Jingyuan , Sun Zhiwei , Liu Yongli , Kong Liangsheng , Zhou Shixia , Tang Junlin , Wang Jianyu , Xing H. Rosie
Published: February 2019

Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate due to late diagnosis and high incidence of metastasis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subgroup of cancer cells with self‐renewal capability similar to that of normal stem cells (NSCs). While CSCs may play an important role in cancer progression, mechanisms underlying CSC self‐renewal and the relationship between self‐renewal of the NSCs and CSCs remain elusive. The orphan nuclear receptor Nr5a2 is a transcriptional factor, and a regulator of stemness of embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. However, whether Nr5a2 regulates the self‐renewal of lung CSCs is unknown. Here, we showed the diagnostic and prognostic values of elevated Nr5a2 expression in human lung cancer. We generated the mouse LLC‐SD lung carcinoma CSC cellular model in which Nr5a2 expression was enhanced. Using the LLC‐SD model, through transient and stable siRNA interference of Nr5a2 expression, we provided convincing evidence for a regulatory role of Nr5a2 in the maintenance of lung CSC self‐renewal and stem cell properties in vitro. Further, using the syngeneic and orthotopic lung transplantation model, we elucidated augmented cancer biological properties associated with Nr5a2 promotion of LLC‐SD self‐renewal. More importantly, we revealed that Nr5a2’s regulatory role in promoting LLC‐SD self‐renewal is mediated by transcriptional activation of its direct target Nanog. Taken together, in this study, we have provided convincing evidence in vitro and in vivo demonstrating that Nr5a2 can induce lung CSC properties and promote tumorigenesis and progression through transcriptional up‐regulation of Nanog.
Gain insight into preparing to manage legal, compliance issues of college esports
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: February 2019

If you think competitive video gaming doesn't belong within the world of collegiate athletics, it just might be time for you to reconsider the way you define sports — or risk more than just failing to keep up with the times. In fact, varsity esports programs have already become established at more than 100 colleges and universities — a number that's experienced rapid and steady growth. Although some schools choose to establish esports as a club housed in student activities, many programs come under the purview of college athletics directors. And schools continue to invest an increasing amount in esports, including scholarships and aid, recruiting, coaches, tournaments, and stadium development.
Did university violate woman's right to privacy?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: February 2019

The plaintiff, a former girlfriend of the University of Wisconsin‐Madison's head basketball coach, sent an email in February 2015 to the chancellor, expressing concerns about the coach. She wrote that the coach was manipulative and deceptive, and that he shouldn't be coaching and mentoring young men. She asked the university to prevent the coach from being abusive toward women, having a negative impact on student‐athletes, and violating university rules.
Towards Reverse Transcription with an Expanded Genetic Alphabet
Authors: Eggert Frank , Kurscheidt Katharina , Hoffmann Eva , Kath‐Schorr Stephanie
Published: February 2019

Unnatural base pairs (UBPs) strikingly augment the natural genetic alphabet. The development of particular hydrophobic UBPs even allows insertion and stable propagation in bacteria. Those UBPs expand the chemical scope of DNA and RNA, and thus, could enable the evolution of novel aptamers or ribozymes by in vitro selection (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment, SELEX). However, the application of such UBPs in reverse transcription (rtc), which is a key step for RNA‐based SELEX, has not been reported so far. The implication of Romesberg's NaM:TPT3 base pair in rtc reactions is presented by testing five commercially available reverse transcriptases (RTs). The employed RTs predominantly pause at the site of the unnatural nucleotide rTPT3 not being able to accept the dNaM building block as a substrate. This allows verification of the unnatural base position in RNA and an estimation of their abundance. In contrast, primer extension from an rNaM‐containing template results in considerably more full‐length cDNA. Furthermore, RTs that could potentially be able to handle an expanded genetic alphabet based on NaM:TPT3 are presented.
Macrocellular Titanosilicate Monoliths as Highly Efficient Structured Olefin Epoxidation Catalysts
Authors: Smeets Valentin , van den Biggelaar Ludivine , Barakat Tarek , Gaigneaux Eric M. , Debecker Damien P.
Published: February 2019

Self‐standing macrocellular titanosilicate monolith foams are obtained using a one‐pot sol‐gel route and show excellent performance in the epoxidation of cyclohexene. Thanks to the High Internal Phase Emulsion (HIPE) templating method, the materials feature a high void fraction, a hierarchically porous texture and good mechanical strength. Highly dispersed Ti species can be incorporated in tetrahedral coordination in the silica matrix. These characteristics allow the obtained ‘SiTi(HIPE)’ materials to reach high catalytic turnover in the epoxidation of cyclohexene. The monoliths can advantageously be used to run the reaction in continuous flow mode.
Conductive Cu‐Doped TiO2 Nanotubes for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Methanol Oxidation and Concomitant Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Mohajernia Shiva , Hejazi Seyedsina , Andryskova Pavlina , Zoppellaro Giorgio , Tomanec Ondrej , Zboril Radek , Schmuki Patrik
Published: February 2019

Cu doping in titania is usually detrimental to the material's photoconductivity, which prevents the use of this combination in photoanodes. In this work, we produce TiO2 nanotube arrays intrinsically doped with copper and establish sufficient conductivity to use them as efficient photoanodes for methanol oxidation in a photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation setting. Firstly, Cu‐doped TiO2 nanotubes were produced by anodizing a Ti−Cu binary alloy. By subsequent thermal reduction of the structure in an Ar/H2 environment, conductive copper‐doped TiO2 nanotubes (TiCuTN−Ar/H2) can be achieved with an approximately 103 times higher conductivity than the non‐reduced material. When these reduced Cu‐doped TiO2 nanotubes are used as photoanode, copper species embedded in the TiO2 wall catalyze the methanol oxidation reaction. As a result of the combined effect of conductivity and catalytic effect of Cu, such reduced Cu:TiO2 nanotubes can generate a photocurrent of 0.76 mA cm−2 at 1 V vs. RHE, under AM1.5 (100 mW/Cm2) irradiation – in a 50 : 50 MeOH/water solution – this is 33 times higher than for pristine Cu:TiO2 nanotubes.
Thermally Induced trans‐to‐cis Isomerization and Its Photoinduced Reversal Monitored using Absorption and Luminescence: Cooperative Effect of Metal Coordination and Steric Substituent
Authors: Zhang Jun‐Quan , Zhang De‐Shan , Chen Qiu‐Jie , Xu Hai‐Bing , Kurmoo Mohamedally , Zeng Ming‐Hua
Published: February 2019

For ethene derivatives with large groups the cis‐isomer is often quite unstable and unavailable. Herein, we report an exception of two stable coordination complexes, (cis‐L)ZnCl2, starting from trans‐1,2‐bis(1‐R‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)ethene (R=H, L1; R=CH3, L2) ligands under solvothermal condition (T ≥140 °C). Using the intensity of the absorption and luminescence spectra as probes we proposed its progressive cis‐to‐trans reversal upon irradiation with UV light, which was confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD). Similar results observed in the series of (cis‐L2)MIICl2 [M=Fe (4), Co (5), Ni (6)] demonstrate the universal strategy. The results of PXRD, NMR spectroscopy, ESI‐MS and DFT calculations support the above conclusion. NMR spectroscopy indicates that irradiation of 1 converts an optimized 71 % of the cis‐isomer to trans, whereas the free trans‐L1 ligand transforms to only 15 % cis‐isomer under similar conditions.
Sequential Cu‐Catalyzed Four‐ and Five‐Component Syntheses of Luminescent 3‐Triazolylquinoxalines
Authors: Merkt Franziska K. , Pieper Konstantin , Klopotowski Maximilian , Janiak Christoph , Müller Thomas J. J.
Published: February 2019

3‐Triazolylquinoxalines can be readily synthesized by applying two complementary synthetic protocols starting from heterocyclic π nucleophiles or (hetero)aryl glyoxylic acids in a consecutive four‐ or five‐component reaction. Conceptually, the sequential use of a single cuprous salt for alkynylation and Cu‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) in a one‐pot fashion sets the stage for activation‐alkynylation‐cyclocondensation‐CuAAC or glyoxylation‐alkynylation‐cyclocondensation‐CuAAC sequences in good yields. The diversity‐oriented generation of differently substituted 3‐triazolylquinoxalines is an excellent entry to tunable emission solvatorchromic fluorophores with triazole ligation. The electronic structure, corroborated by DFT and TD‐DFT calculations, rationalizes the charge transfer character of relevant absorptions and large Stokes shifts as well as the electronic innocence of the triazole substituents.
Synthesis and Characterization of [Br3][MF6] (M=Sb, Ir), as well as Quantum Chemical Study of [Br3]+ Structure, Chemical Bonding, and Relativistic Effects Compared with [XBr2]+ (X=Br, I, At, Ts) and [TsZ2]+ (Z=F, Cl, Br, I, At, Ts)
Authors: Ivlev Sergei I. , Gaul Konstantin , Chen Mengyi , Karttunen Antti J. , Berger Robert , Kraus Florian
Published: February 2019

[Br3][SbF6] and [Br3][IrF6] were synthesized by interaction of BrF3 with Sb2O3 or iridium metal, respectively. The former compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbcn (No. 60) with a=11.9269(7), b=11.5370(7), c=12.0640(6) Å, V=1660.01(16) Å3, Z=8 at 100 K. The latter compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P
(No. 2) with a=5.4686(5), b=7.6861(8), c=9.9830(9) Å, α=85.320(8), β=82.060(7), γ=78.466(7)°, V=406.56(7) Å3, Z=2 at 100 K. Both compounds contain the cation [Br3]+, which has a bent structure and is coordinated by octahedron‐like anions [MF6]− (M=Sb, Ir). Experimentally obtained cell parameters, bond lengths, and angles are confirmed by solid‐state DFT calculations, which differ from the experimental values by less than 2 %. Relativistic effects on the structure of the tribromonium(1+) cation are studied computationally and found to be small. For the heaviest analogues containing At and Ts, however, pronounced relativistic effects are found, which lead to a linear structure of the polyhalogen cation.
Optimizing a Cooling‐Condensing Tower
Authors: Solà Cervera Jose L. , Daniel Andreas , Hoffmann Karin
Published: February 2019

Heat recovery from a flue gas stream by cooling and condensation in a packed bed column is widely used to increase plant's energy efficiency. Mass transfer equipment manufacturers have the possibility to optimize the size of such cooling towers and therefore its derived investment costs through selection of best suitable mass/heat transfer components. In this work, a real industrial design case of a cooling‐condensing tower equipped with different high capacity random and structured packings is presented. The impact of the selected packings on tower dimensions and investment costs is evaluated and discussed.
Computational I(III)—X BDEs for Benziodoxol(on)e‐based Hypervalent Iodine Reagents: Implications for Their Functional Group Transfer Abilities
Authors: Yang Jin‐Dong , Li Man , Xue Xiao‐Song
Published: February 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusion

The first comprehensive I(III)―X (X = F, Br, CN, N3, CF3, etc.) bond dissociation energy (BDE) scales for benziodoxol(on)e‐based hypervalent iodine reagents have been developed by virtue of DFT calculations. Excellent correlation is observed between the I(III)―X BDEs and the X―H BDEs, offering a powerful avenue to quickly estimate the group‐transfer ability of a novel benziodoxol(on)e‐based hypervalent reagent.
The complementary role of histology and proteomics for diagnosis and typing of systemic amyloidosis
Authors: Rezk Tamer , Gilbertson Janet A , Mangione P Patrizia , Rowczenio Dorota , Rendell Nigel B , Canetti Diana , Lachmann Helen J , Wechalekar Ashutosh D , Bass Paul , Hawkins Philip N , Bellotti Vittorio , Taylor Graham W , Gillmore Julian D
Published: February 2019

The tissue diagnosis of amyloidosis and confirmation of fibril protein type, which are crucial for clinical management, have traditionally relied on Congo red (CR) staining followed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using fibril protein specific antibodies. However, amyloid IHC is qualitative, non‐standardised, requires operator expertise, and not infrequently fails to produce definitive results. More recently, laser dissection mass spectrometry (LDMS) has been developed as an alternative method to characterise amyloid in tissue sections. We sought to compare these techniques in a real world setting. During 2017, we performed LDMS on 640 formalin‐fixed biopsies containing amyloid (CR+ve) comprising all 320 cases that could not be typed by IHC (IHC−ve) and 320 randomly selected CR+ve samples that had been typed (IHC+ve). In addition, we studied 60 biopsies from patients in whom there was a strong suspicion of amyloidosis, but in whom histology was non‐diagnostic (CR–ve). Comprehensive clinical assessments were conducted in 532 (76%) of cases. Among the 640 CR+ve samples, 602 (94%) contained ≥2 of 3 amyloid signature proteins (ASPs) on LDMS (ASP+ve) supporting the presence of amyloid. A total of 49 of the 60 CR‐ve samples were ASP–ve; 7 of 11 that were ASP+ve were glomerular. The amyloid fibril protein was identified by LDMS in 255 of 320 (80%) of the IHC–ve samples and in a total of 545 of 640 (85%) cases overall. The LDMS and IHC techniques yielded discordant results in only 7 of 320 (2%) cases. CR histology and LDMS are corroborative for diagnosis of amyloid, but LDMS is superior to IHC for confirming amyloid type.
A sponsorship action plan for increasing diversity in STEMM
Authors: Huston Wilhelmina M. , Cranfield Charles G. , Forbes Shari L. , Leigh Andy
Published: February 2019

There are numerous structural and cultural barriers to the progression of women and marginalized groups to leadership in academia, especially in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Medicine (STEMM). A range of interventions have been described to address this inequity, with varying success. Here, we suggest that sponsorship could be one effective intervention and propose an institutional action plan to implement a sponsorship program in academia. We outline why sponsorship could be an effective strategy, especially if implemented through a deliberate program by an institution. We then detail the three components of an action plan to be considered in implementation: the elements of the program, the activities that sponsorship in academia likely encompasses, and the selection of sponsors and protégés. The plan could also be enacted by academic leadership in the absence of an institutional program and could serve as a guide to individuals in academia aspiring to address diversity and inclusion in STEMM.
An electromagnetic transient simulation model of grid‐connected inverters for dynamic voltage analysis of distribution systems
Authors: Sano Kenichiro , Yonezawa Rikido , Noda Taku
Published: February 2019

Transient analysis is an indispensable tool for analyzing the voltage fluctuation of distribution systems according to the penetration of distributed generations with grid‐connected inverters. Electromagnetic transient (EMT) analysis is suitable for the purpose because it enables detailed modeling of the inverters and accurate simulation of their dynamic behavior. However, the EMT analysis requires a smaller calculation time step by a factor of 500 if the simulated power system includes the inverters. Simulation of the inverters is a bottleneck in speeding up the EMT analysis. This paper proposes a novel average‐value modeling method for the grid‐connected inverters. The proposed inverter model operates in a larger calculation time step, and speeds up the EMT analysis of distribution systems containing the inverters. The maximum error in the output power was 8% compared to the result by the conventional model. Dynamic voltage simulations are demonstrated with a test case, which includes tap changing transformers with a voltage controller and a photovoltaic generation facility. The proposed model reduces the required calculation time by a factor of 754 compared to the conventional model whereas there is no significant difference in the simulated result.
Reduced loop diuretic use in patients taking sacubitril/valsartan compared with enalapril: the PARADIGM‐HF trial
Authors: Vardeny Orly , Claggett Brian , Kachadourian Jessica , Desai Akshay S. , Packer Milton , Rouleau Jean , Zile Michael R. , Swedberg Karl , Lefkowitz Martin , Shi Victor , McMurray John J.V. , Solomon Scott D.
Published: February 2019

Aims

To assess differences in diuretic dose requirements in patients treated with sacubitril/valsartan compared with enalapril in the Prospective comparison of ARNI with ACEI to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and morbidity in Heart Failure (PARADIGM‐HF) trial.

Methods and results

Overall, 8399 patients with New York Heart Association class II–IV heart failure and reduced LVEF were randomized to sacubitril/valsartan 200 mg bid or enalapril 10 mg twice daily. Loop diuretic doses were assessed at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months, and furosemide dose equivalents were calculated via multiplication factors (2x for torsemide and 40x for bumetanide). Percentages of participants with reductions or increases in loop diuretic dose were determined. At baseline, 80.8% of participants were taking any diuretics (n = 6290 for loop diuretics, n = 496 for other diuretics); of those, recorded dosage data for loop diuretics were available on 5487 participants. Mean baseline furosemide equivalent doses were 48.2 mg for sacubitril/valsartan and 49.6 mg for enalapril (P = 0.25). Patients treated with sacubitril/valsartan were more likely to reduce diuretic dose and less likely to increase diuretic dose relative to those randomized to enalapril at 6, 12, 24 months post‐randomization, with an overall decreased diuretic use of 2.0% (P = 0.02), 4.1% (P < 0.001), and 6.1% (P < 0.001) at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively, with similar findings in an on‐treatment analysis.

Conclusion

Treatment with sacubitril/valsartan was associated with more loop diuretic dose reductions and fewer dose increases compared with enalapril, suggesting that treatment with sacubitril/valsartan may reduce the requirement for loop diuretics relative to enalapril in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
Can acceptable quality angel food cakes be made using pasteurized shell eggs? The effects of mixing factors on functional properties of angel food cakes
Authors: Singh Ajaypal , Geveke David J. , Jones Deana R. , Tilman Eric D.
Published: February 2019

Due to recent Salmonella outbreaks, the pasteurized shell egg market is rapidly growing. One objection to using pasteurized eggs is the belief that they will produce unacceptable angel food cakes. Eggs were pasteurized using a hot water immersion process (56.7°C for 60 min) similar to that used by industry. Angel food cakes were made from the pasteurized egg white (PEW) as well as from raw egg white (REW) for comparison. Meringues were made using three mixer speed settings (low, medium, and high) and three durations for each speed. Functional qualities such as egg foaming were evaluated. Angel food cakes were compared in terms of cake volume, texture profile, and color values. When the optimal processing factors used for REW were applied to PEW, an inferior meringue was formed. However, by increasing the mixing time for PEW by 200% at the highest speed, an acceptable meringue was formed. The best angel food cake prepared from PEW had a volume only 6.8% less than that of the best cake prepared from REW. Texture profile analyses showed that the best angel food cake made from PEW was 13% firmer, 7.4% less springy, and 62% chewier than that from REW. Color analyses showed that PEW made a slightly darker colored cake crust than REW, although there were no significant differences in the crumb color. Modifying the mixing conditions for PEW resulted in angel food cakes with quality similar to that of cakes made with REW, thus overcoming an objection to using safer pasteurized shell eggs.
Nobiletin induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma C666‐1 cells through regulating PARP‐2/SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway
Authors: Zheng Guo Dong , Hu Ping Jun , Chao Ying Xin , Zhou Ying , Yang Xiu Juan , Chen Bai Zhong , Yu Xi Yong , Cai Yi
Published: February 2019

Background/Aim

Nobiletin, a major polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) from citri reticulatae pericarpium (CRP), can inhibit several forms of cancer proliferation. However, the effects of nobiletin on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) C666‐1 cells remain largely unknown.

Materials and Methods

Cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) assay was used to measure cell vitality. Flow cytometry was performed to measure the apoptosis rate. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and Western blot analysis were applied to determine the expression of mRNA and protein, respectively.

Results

We showed that the proliferation rate of C666‐1 cells was inhibited and the apoptosis rate was raised after treating with nobiletin. Moreover, nobiletin inhibited the expression of poly(ADP‐ribose)polymerase‐2 (PARP‐2), and the tumor suppression effect of nobiletin on C666‐1 is associated with PARP‐2‐dependent pathway.

Conclusion

We demonstrated for the first time that nobiletin inhibited the growth of C666‐1 cells, which may be relative to its regulation on PARP‐2/SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway. Our result implied that nobiletin may serve as a strategy to treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Bioinspired Soot‐Deposited Janus Fabrics for Sustainable Solar Steam Generation with Salt‐Rejection
Authors: Gao Shouwei , Dong Xiuli , Huang Jianying , Dong Jianing , Maggio Francesco Di , Wang Shanchi , Guo Fang , Zhu Tianxue , Chen Zhong , Lai Yuekun
Published: February 2019

Inspired by lotus leaves, self‐floating Janus cotton fabric is successfully fabricated for solar steam generation with salt‐rejecting property. The layer‐selective soot‐deposited fabrics not only act as a solar absorber but also provide the required superhydrophobicity for floating on the water. With a polyester protector, the prepared Janus evaporator exhibits a sustainable evaporation rate of 1.375 kW m−2 h−1 and an efficiency of 86.3% under 1 sun (1 kW m−2) and also performs well under low intensity and inclined radiation. Furthermore, no special apparatus and/or tedious processes are needed for preparing this device. With a cost of less than $1 per m2, this flexible Janus absorber is a promising tool for portable solar vapor generator.
Watertight segmental lining at drained cross passages under high water gradients
Authors: Ring Benno , Gollegger Johannes
Published: February 2019

The Follo Line tunnels consist of a watertight single shell segmental lining with gaskets. The cross passages are drained, but watertightness is required between the two structures, which is a challenging boundary condition for design and construction. This paper focuses on the structural design of the intersection between the tunnels and the cross passages, which is performed with considerable effort. Special attention is brought to the water pressures acting in this area. Some of the challenges during project execution are discussed as well.
Bewertung von Verklebungen und Werkzeugverschleiß im Lockergestein anhand von Modellversuchen
Authors: Milatz Marius , Grabe Jürgen , Delle Moana
Published: February 2019

Im maschinellen Tunnelbau mit Schildvortrieben mit Erddruck‐ oder Flüssigkeitsstützung stellen die Verklebungen von Schneidrad und Abbaukammer sowie der Verschleiß der Schneidwerkzeuge nach wie vor ein Problem dar. Infolge Verklebungen kommt es trotz verschiedener Prognoseverfahren anhand der Plastizitäts‐ und Konsistenzzahl für weiche Böden noch immer zu erheblichen Behinderungen des Bauablaufs, weil Stillstände zur Reinigung von Schneidrad und Abbaukammer erforderlich werden. Neben der Verklebungsproblematik stellt auch die Abrasivität des Baugrunds häufig ein Problem dar, da bei stark abrasivem Gebirge häufige Werkzeugwechsel erforderlich sind. Eine korrekte Bewertung des Verklebungspotenzials wie auch der Abrasivität, insbesondere im Lockergestein und in Mischböden, stellt nach wie vor für Auftraggeber bei der Erstellung einer möglichst umfassenden Ausschreibung sowie auch für Auftragnehmer, die die Verklebungsneigung und Abrasivität möglichst zutreffend einkalkulieren müssen, eine schwierige Aufgabe dar. In diesem Beitrag wird ein neuartiger Modellschneidradversuchsstand vorgestellt, der im Gegensatz zu bestehenden Methoden die Interaktion der Faktoren Mensch, Maschine und Baugrund bei der Prognose von Verklebungs‐ und Verschleißproblemen für den mechanisierten Tunnelbau berücksichtigen soll.