bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Octagonal Partially Encased Composite Columns Subject to Axial and Torsion Moment Loading
Authors: Ebadi Jamkhaneh Mehdi , Kafi Mohammad Ali
Published: November 2017

This paper includes experimental and numerical study of the octagonal partially encased composite (PEC) columns specimens under axial and torsion loading. The major difference between them was the concrete reinforcement details. The parameters investigated in the experimental and numerical study were the type of reinforcement details, the failure mode, width-to-thickness ratio of flange, transverse links spacing and diameter. The results were presented as load-deformation curves. Numerical model was validated using finite element method and the results indicated acceptable accuracy with tests results in the form of capacity and ductility. In the analytical phase, the experimental results in the compressive loading were compared with those obtained from CSA S16-14 and EN 1994-1-1 equations. Also, the new concrete confinement factor in proportion to the web width to thickness ratio was presented to octagonal PEC columns under pure compressive load. Furthermore, different types of retrofit of cross-shaped steel column including concrete encasement, use of stiffener plates and transverse links were investigated in this research. Results revealed that concrete confinement and use of transverse links had respectively the most and the least effect on increasing torsional capacity of the specimens.
Dynamic Response of Bridge-Ship Collision Considering Pile-Soil Interaction
Authors: Aziz Hussein Yousif , Yong HE Yun , Mauls Baydaa Hussain
Published: November 2017

According to most countries’ norms, and to find the effect of the bridge collision the equivalent static method was designed for bridge-ship collision, ignoring the dynamic effects of shocks. It is sharply different from actual situation. So based on the theory of Winkler foundation, shearing strain theory of Timoshenko and potential energy variation functional principle of Hamilton, the simulation models of bridge piers was built considering the pile–soil interaction. Lateral transient vibration equation of bridge piers was concluded. Based on the theory of integral transform, the differential equation of the collision system and the boundary conditions were transformed with Laplace transformation; the analytical solution of the stress wave in frequency domain was concluded. And then the inversion of solution in frequency domain was carried out using Matlab based on the Crump inverse transformation. Finally the dynamic response law of displacement, normal stress and the shear stress of bridge piers were obtained.
Smart Devices in der Fertigung
Authors: Lindner Florian , Kostyszyn Kevin , Grunert Dennis , Schmitt Robert
Published: November 2017

Kurzfassung

Der rasante Einzug von Smart Devices im industriellen Umfeld verspricht die optimale Einbindung des Menschen in vernetzten Produktionssystemen. Als neuer Akteur in der industriellen Kommunikation bedarf es sinnvoller Schnittstellen zwischen Smart Devices und Softwaresystemen, Maschinen und Mitarbeitern. Dieser Beitrag stellt neue mögliche Schnittstellen zu Smart Devices vor und diskutiert die entsprechenden Anwendungen auf dem Shopfloor.
Die Lernfabrik als Export-Erfolg
Authors: Enke Judith , Kaiser Joscha , Metternich Joachim
Published: November 2017

Kurzfassung

Lernfabriken wurden in den letzten Jahren als effektive Lernform identifiziert, um Studierende und Beschäftigte unterschiedlicher Industriebranchen zu schulen. Sie ermöglichen durch ein prozessnahes Lernen an realen Problemsituationen im besonderen Maße die Kompetenzentwicklung im abgebildeten Themenschwerpunkt. Aktuell entsteht eine hohe Nachfrage nach Lernfabriken in akademischen und industriellen Umgebungen weltweit. Hieraus ergeben sich neue Möglichkeiten und Geschäftsmodelle für lernfabrikbetreibende Organisationen. Beschrieben werden Projekte zum Aufbau schlüsselfertiger Lernfabriken, die gemeinsam mit einer internationalen Unternehmensberatung durchgeführt wurden. Ziel des transferierten Lernfabrikkonzepts ist die theoretische Vermittlung und praktische Anwendung der Methoden schlanker Produktionssysteme.
Metallographic Characterization of Heterogeneous Structures in Sliding Materials Made of Bronze and Special Brass
Authors: Hofmann U. , Skrabal V.
Published: November 2017

Microstructures of copper materials for slide bearings are often complex and may exhibit a carrier crystal structure characterized by a coexistence of hard and soft structural constituents. Relief polishing is an interesting option for the sample preparation of such materials, as it allows for statements regarding the resistance of the microstructure to abrasive wear. Differential interference contrast microscopy as well as confocal microscopy are particularly suited in order to study the relief polished sections. In addition to that, simple metallographic procedures may be applied to assess the mechanical properties of the structural constituents. Different examination methods combined give an idea of how carrier crystal structures behave in slide bearing applications.
An Active Galactic Nucleus Caught in the Act of Turning Off and On
Authors: Comerford Julia M. , Barrows R. Scott , Müller-Sánchez Francisco , Nevin Rebecca , Greene Jenny E. , Pooley David , Stern Daniel , Harrison Fiona A.
Published: November 2017

We present the discovery of an active galactic nucleus (AGN) that is turning off and then on again in the z = 0.06 galaxy SDSS J1354+1327. This episodic nuclear activity is the result of discrete accretion events that could have been triggered by a past interaction with the companion galaxy that is currently located 12.5 kpc away. We originally targeted SDSS J1354+1327 because its Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectrum has narrow AGN emission lines that exhibit a velocity offset of 69 km s−1 relative to systemic. To determine the nature of the galaxy and its velocity-offset emission lines, we observed SDSS J1354+1327 with Chandra/ACIS, Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3, Apache Point Observatory optical longslit spectroscopy, and Keck/OSIRIS integral-field spectroscopy. We find a ∼10 kpc cone of photoionized gas south of the galaxy center and a ∼1 kpc semi-spherical front of shocked gas, which is responsible for the velocity offset in the emission lines, north of the galaxy center. We interpret these two outflows as the result of two separate AGN accretion events: the first AGN outburst created the southern outflow, and then

later, the second AGN outburst launched the northern shock front. SDSS J1354+1327 is the galaxy with the strongest evidence for an AGN that has turned off and then on again, and it fits into the broader context of AGN flickering that includes observations of AGN light echoes.
Contribution of Primordial Binary Evolution to the Two Blue-straggler Sequences in Globular Cluster M30
Authors: Jiang Dengkai , Chen Xuefei , Li Lifang , Han Zhanwen
Published: November 2017

Two blue-straggler sequences discovered in globular cluster M30 provide a strong constraint on the formation mechanisms of blue stragglers. We study the formation of blue-straggler binaries through binary evolution, and find that binary evolution can contribute to the blue stragglers in both of the sequences. Whether a blue-straggler is located in the blue sequence or red sequence depends on the contribution of the mass donor to the total luminosity of the binary, which is generally observed as a single star in globular clusters. The blue stragglers in the blue sequence have a cool white dwarf companion, while the majority (∼60%) of the objects in the red sequence are binaries that are still experiencing mass transfer. However, there are also some objects for which the donors have just finished the mass transfer (the stripped-core stars, ∼10%) or the blue stragglers (the accretors) have evolved away from the blue sequence (∼30%). Meanwhile, W UMa contact binaries found in both sequences may be explained by various mass ratios, that is, W UMa contact binaries in the red sequence have two components with comparable masses (e.g., mass ratio q ∼ 0.3–1.0), while those in the blue sequence have low mass ratios (e.g.,

q
<
0.3

). However, the fraction of the blue sequence in M30 cannot be reproduced by binary population synthesis if we assumed the initial parameters of a binary sample to be the same as those of the field. This possibly indicates that dynamical effects on binary systems are very important in globular clusters.
A Measurement of the Hubble Constant Using Galaxy Redshift Surveys
Authors: Wang Yuting , Xu Lixin , Zhao Gong-Bo
Published: November 2017

We perform a measurement of the Hubble constant, H
0, using the latest baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements from galaxy surveys of 6dFGS, SDSS DR7 Main Galaxy Sample, BOSS DR12 sample, and eBOSS DR14 quasar sample, in the framework of a flat ΛCDM model. Based on the Kullback–Leibler divergence, we examine the consistency of H
0 values derived from various data sets. We find that our measurement is consistent with that derived from Planck and with the local measurement of H
0 using the Cepheids and type Ia supernovae. We perform forecasts on H
0 from future BAO measurements, and find that the uncertainty of H
0 determined by future BAO data alone, including complete eBOSS, DESI, and Euclid-like, is comparable with that from local measurements.
Magnetic Braking of Sun-like and Low-mass Stars: Dependence on Coronal Temperature
Authors: Pantolmos George , Matt Sean P.
Published: November 2017

Sun-like and low-mass stars possess high-temperature coronae and lose mass in the form of stellar winds, which are driven by thermal pressure and complex magnetohydrodynamic processes. These magnetized outflows probably do not significantly affect the star’s structural evolution on the main sequence, but they brake the stellar rotation by removing angular momentum, a mechanism known as magnetic braking. Previous studies have shown how the braking torque depends on the magnetic field strength and geometry, stellar mass and radius, mass-loss rate, and rotation rate of the star, assuming a fixed coronal temperature. For this study, we explore how different coronal temperatures can influence the stellar torque. We employ 2.5D, axisymmetric, magnetohydrodynamic simulations, computed with the PLUTO code, to obtain steady-state wind solutions from rotating stars with dipolar magnetic fields. Our parameter study includes 30 simulations with different coronal temperatures and surface magnetic field strengths. We consider a Parker-like (i.e., thermal-pressure-driven) wind, and therefore coronal temperature is the key parameter determining the velocity and acceleration profile of the flow. Since the mass-loss rates for these types of stars are not well-constrained, we determine how the torque scales for a vast range of stellar mass-loss rates. Hotter winds lead to faster acceleration, and we show that (for a given magnetic field strength and mass-loss rate) a hotter outflow leads to a weaker torque on the star. We derive new predictive torque formulae that quantify this effect over a range of possible wind acceleration profiles.
Fermi Non-detections of Four X-Ray Jet Sources and Implications for the IC/CMB Mechanism
Authors: Breiding Peter , Meyer Eileen T. , Georganopoulos Markos , Keenan M. E. , DeNigris N. S. , Hewitt Jennifer
Published: November 2017

Since its launch in 1999, the Chandra X-ray observatory has discovered several dozen X-ray jets associated with powerful quasars. In many cases, the X-ray spectrum is hard and appears to come from a second spectral component. The most popular explanation for the kpc-scale X-ray emission in these cases has been inverse-Compton (IC) scattering of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) photons by relativistic electrons in the jet (the IC/CMB model). Requiring the IC/CMB emission to reproduce the observed X-ray flux density inevitably predicts a high level of gamma-ray emission, which should be detectable with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). In previous work, we found that gamma-ray upper limits from the large-scale jets of 3C 273 and PKS 0637−752 violate the predictions of the IC/CMB model. Here, we present Fermi/LAT flux density upper limits for the X-ray jets of four additional sources: PKS 1136–135, PKS 1229–021, PKS 1354+195, and PKS 2209+080. We show that these limits violate the IC/CMB predictions at a very high significance level. We also present new Hubble Space Telescope observations of the quasar PKS 2209+080 showing a newly detected optical jet, and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array band 3 and 6 observations of all four sources, which provide key constraints on the spectral shape that enable us to rule out the IC/CMB model.
Space Motions of the Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies Draco and Sculptor Based on HST Proper Motions with a ∼10 yr Time Baseline
Authors: Sohn Sangmo Tony , Patel Ekta , Besla Gurtina , van der Marel Roeland P. , Bullock James S. , Strigari Louis E. , van de Ven Glenn , Walker Matt G. , Bellini Andrea
Published: November 2017

We present new proper motion (PM) measurements of the dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) Draco and Sculptor using multiepoch images obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope ACS/WFC. Our PM results have uncertainties far lower than previous measurements, even those made with the same instrument. The PM results for Draco and Sculptor are

,

,

and

,

,

. The implied Galactocentric velocity vectors for Draco and Sculptor have radial and tangential components:

,

,

and

,

. We study the detailed orbital histories of both Draco and Sculptor via numerical orbit integrations. Orbital periods of Draco and Sculptor are found to be 1–2 Gyr and 2–5 Gyr, respectively, accounting for uncertainties in the Milky Way (MW) mass. We also study the influence of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) on the orbits of Draco and Sculptor. Overall, the inclusion of the LMC increases the scatter in the orbital results. Based on our calculations, Draco shows a rather wide range of orbital parameters depending on the MW mass and inclusion/exclusion of the LMC, but Sculptor’s orbit is very well constrained, with its most recent pericentric approach to the MW being 0.3–0.4 Gyr ago. Our new PMs imply that the orbital trajectories of both Draco and Sculptor are confined within the “Disk of Satellites,” better so than implied by earlier PM measurements, and likely rule out the possibility that these two galaxies were accreted together as part of a tightly bound group.
SHARDS Frontier Fields: Physical Properties of a Low-mass Lyα Emitter at z = 5.75
Authors: Hernán-Caballero Antonio , Pérez-González Pablo G. , Diego Jose M. , Lagattuta David , Richard Johan , Schaerer Daniel , Alonso-Herrero Almudena , Marino Raffaella Anna , Sklias Panos , Alcalde Pampliega Belén , Cava Antonio , Conselice Christopher J. , Dannerbauer Helmut , Domínguez-Sánchez Helena , Eliche-Moral Carmen , Esquej Pilar , Huertas-Company Marc , Marques-Chaves Rui , Pérez-Fournon Ismael , Rawle Tim , Espinosa José Miguel Rodríguez , González Daniel Rosa , Rujopakarn Wiphu
Published: November 2017

We analyze the properties of a multiply imaged Lyα (Lyα) emitter at z = 5.75 identified through SHARDS Frontier Fields intermediate-band imaging of the Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) cluster Abell 370. The source, A370-L57, has low intrinsic luminosity (M
UV ∼ −16.5), steep UV spectral index (β = −2.4 ± 0.1), and extreme rest-frame equivalent width of Lyα (

Å). Two different gravitational lens models predict high magnification (μ ∼ 10–16) for the two detected counterimages, separated by 7″, while a predicted third counterimage (μ ∼ 3–4) is undetected. We find differences of ∼50% in magnification between the two lens models, quantifying our current systematic uncertainties. Integral field spectroscopy of A370-L57 with MUSE shows a narrow (FWHM = 204 ± 10 km s−1) and asymmetric Lyα profile with an integrated luminosity L(Lyα) ∼ 1042 erg s−1. The morphology in the Hubble Space Telescope bands comprises a compact clump (r

e
 < 100 pc) that dominates the Lyα and continuum emission and several fainter clumps at projected distances ≲1 kpc that coincide with an extension of the Lyα emission in the SHARDS F823W17 and MUSE observations. The latter could be part of the same galaxy or an interacting companion. We find no evidence of a contribution from active galactic nuclei to the Lyα emission. Fitting of the spectral energy distribution with stellar population models favors a very young (t < 10 Myr), low-mass (

), and metal-poor (Z ≲ 4 × 10−3) stellar population. Its modest star formation rate (SFR ∼ 1.0

yr−1) implies high specific SFR (sSFR ∼ 2.5 × 10−7 yr−1) and SFR density (

yr−1 kpc−2). The properties of A370-L57 make it a good representative of the population of galaxies responsible for cosmic reionization.
Evolution of Molecular Clouds in the Superwind Galaxy NGC 1808 Probed by ALMA Observations
Authors: Salak Dragan , Tomiyasu Yuto , Nakai Naomasa , Kuno Nario , Miyamoto Yusuke , Kaneko Hiroyuki
Published: November 2017

ALMA imaging of the cold molecular medium in the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 1808 is presented. The observations reveal the distribution of molecular gas, traced by 12CO (1–0) and 12CO (3–2), and continuum (93 and 350 GHz) across the central 1 kpc starburst region at a high resolution of

. A molecular gas torus (radius ∼ 30 pc) is discovered in the circumnuclear disk (CND; central 100 pc), with a high CO (3–2)/CO (1–0) ratio of ∼1, surrounded by massive (106–

) clouds with high star formation efficiency (

yr−1), molecular spiral arms, and a 500 pc pseudo-ring. The CND harbors a continuum core and molecular gas exhibiting peculiar motion. The new data confirm the line splitting along the minor galactic axis, interpreted as a nuclear gas outflow with average velocity ∼180 km s−1, and show evidence of a velocity gradient of

km s−1 pc−1 along the axis. In addition, supershells expanding from the 500 pc ring with maximum velocities of ∼75 km s−1 are revealed. The distribution and CO luminosities of molecular clouds in the central 1 kpc starburst region indicate an evolutionary sequence, from gas accretion onto the 500 pc ring from the large-scale bar to enhanced star formation in the ring, and outflow as feedback.
A Turbulent Origin for the Complex Envelope Kinematics in the Young Low-mass Core Per-bolo 58
Authors: José Maureira María , Arce Héctor G. , Offner Stella S. R. , Dunham Michael M. , Pineda Jaime E. , Fernández-López Manuel , Chen Xuepeng , Mardones Diego
Published: November 2017

We use CARMA 3 mm continuum and molecular lines (NH2D, N2H+, HCO+, HCN, and CS) at ∼1000 au resolution to characterize the structure and kinematics of the envelope surrounding the deeply embedded first core candidate Per-bolo 58. The line profile of the observed species shows two distinct peaks separated by 0.4–0.6 km s−1, which most likely arise from two different optically thin velocity components rather than the product of self-absorption in an optically thick line. The two velocity components, each with a mass of ∼0.5–0.6

, overlap spatially at the position of the continuum emission and produce a general gradient along the outflow direction. We investigate whether these observations are consistent with infall in a turbulent and magnetized envelope. We compare the morphology and spectra of the N2H+ (1–0) with synthetic observations of an MHD simulation that considers the collapse of an isolated core that is initially perturbed with a turbulent field. The proposed model matches the data in the production of two velocity components, traced by the isolated hyperfine line of the N2H+ (1–0) spectra, and shows a general agreement in morphology and velocity field. We also use large maps of the region to compare the kinematics of the core with that of the surrounding large-scale filamentary structure and find that accretion from the large-scale filament could also explain the complex kinematics exhibited by this young dense core.
Cosmic Ray Diffusion Tensor throughout the Heliosphere Derived from a Nearly Incompressible Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence Model
Authors: Zhao L.-L. , Adhikari L. , Zank G. P. , Hu Q. , Feng X. S.
Published: November 2017

The radial and rigidity dependence of the cosmic ray (CR) diffusion tensor is investigated on the basis of a recently developed 2D and slab turbulence transport model using nearly incompressible theory. We study CR diffusion coefficients in two regions: 0.29 to 1 au, and 1 to 75 au. In the former case, we use 2D and radial slab turbulence transport models, and in the latter case, 2D and perpendicular slab turbulence transport models. We employ quasi-linear theory and nonlinear guiding center theory, respectively, to determine the parallel and perpendicular elements of the CR diffusion tensor. We also present the effect of both weak and moderately strong turbulence on the drift element of the CR diffusion tensor. We find that in the solar wind ecliptic plane (1) the radial mean free path (mfp) is dominated by diffusion parallel to the mean magnetic field and is nearly constant from 0.29 to 1 au; (2) from 1 to 75 au, the role of the perpendicular mfp becomes increasingly important despite the parallel mfp being about three orders of magnitude larger than the perpendicular mfp. The radial mfp initially decays slowly and then faster after ∼6 au; (3) beyond ∼10 au, pickup-ion-driven turbulence is the most important factor in determining the various mean free paths since stream interactions weaken with increasing heliocentric distance; (4) the rigidity (P) dependence of the parallel mfp is proportional to

from 10 to 103 MV, but in the distant heliosphere, its dependence increases for higher rigidities and is proportional to

. In contrast, the perpendicular mfp is weakly influenced by CR rigidity; (5) the drift length scale is comparable to the perpendicular mfp beyond ∼10 au; and (6) strong turbulence may introduce a new “drift” component, the direction of which is normal to the mean magnetic field.
State Switching of the X-Ray/Radio Transitional Millisecond Pulsar
Authors: Shang Lun-Hua , Zhang Cheng-Min , Li Di , Wang De-Hua , Wang Shuang-Qiang , Wang Pei , Pan Yuan-Yue , Yang Yi-Yan , Zhi Qi-Jun
Published: November 2017

PSR J1023+0038 is a known transitional pulsar, which switches between the accretion-powered X-ray pulsar state and the rotation-powered radio millisecond pulsar (MSP) state. Here, we study the conditions for its state transition by ascribing ∼GHz radio pulse emission to the plasma cutoff oscillation frequency at the magnetosphere, which depends on the plasma density or accretion rate. With the accretion X-ray luminosity declining fromhigh to low state (e.g.,

erg s−1 to

erg s−1), the magnetosphere boundary expands to the light cylinder, where the plasma density is low enough to permit the emission of radio waves at the several-GHz frequency band. Thus, for a sufficiently low accretion-rate state (

erg s−1), the radio emission at the several-GHz band is not blocked by the plasma, and the radio pulsar can be detected in the favored “observational windows,” i.e., the L band (1–2 GHz), S band (2–4 GHz), and C band (4–8 GHz). Furthermore, to evaluate the penetration characteristics of the outgoing radio wave of low frequency, we calculate its skin depth, which is found to be a couple of centimeters for the low X-ray luminosity of

erg s−1, a scale that is much shorter than the light cylinder radius of about 100 km for MSPs.
Use of real-time polymerase chain reaction to identify Entamoeba histolytica in schoolchildren from northwest Mexico
Authors: Aguayo-Patrón Sandra , Castillo-Fimbres Reyna , Quihui-Cota Luis , Calderón de la Barca Ana María
Published: November 2017

Introduction: Entamoeba histolytica, E. dispar, and E. moshkovskii are morphologically identical, but intestinal amebiasis is caused only by E. histolytica. Mexico is among the countries with high amebae infection rates, although the contribution of pathogenic amoeba to the total detected cases remains unknown, especially in the northwestern dry region. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the actual prevalence of E. histolytica using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in schoolchildren of  northwestern Mexico.

Methodology: Participants were children from five public elementary schools in the low-socioeconomic-level suburban areas of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. One stool sample was collected from each child and analyzed by the Faust technique for Entamoeba spp. and by real-time PCR for E. histolytica.

Results: Analysis of stool  samples from 273 children (9.0 ± 1.5 years of age) resulted in 25 (9.2%) positive for E. histolytica/E. dispar/E. moshkovskii by the Faust technique; of these, 3 were positive for E. histolytica by real-time PCR. In addition, 2 samples that were negative for E. histolytica/E. dispar/E. moshkovskii by the Faust technique were positive by real-time PCR.

Conclusions: The actual prevalence of E. histolytica in our study population was 1.8%, which is lower than those reported in previous studies in other Mexican regions.
Formes et enjeux des recherches en éducation et formation
Authors: Charlot Bernard
Published: November 2017

Cet article reprend le texte de la conférence d’ouverture du Congrès de l’Association Mondiale des Sciences de l’Éducation, à Reims, en 2012. Son objectif est de proposer des principes qui éclairent la diversité du champ de recherche en éducation et d’expliciter les logiques fondamentales qui structurent ce champ dans la société contemporaine. La première partie de l’article défend l’idée que ces recherches ne se définissent pas par le cumul des résultats mais par le fait qu’elles tissent des réseaux. La deuxième partie met en œuvre une approche anthropologique : l’éducation étant à la fois humanisation, socialisation et subjectivation, il n’est pas possible de clore le champ de recherche, qui ne peut que s’organiser en réseaux. La troisième partie s’intéresse aux configurations qui articulent ces trois processus dans l’histoire, en particulier dans la société contemporaine.
Une carte scientométrique de la recherche en éducation vue par la base de données internationales Scopus
Authors: Lund Kristine , Jeong Heisawn , Grauwin Sebastian , Jensen Pablo
Published: November 2017

La recherche en éducation couvre un territoire de divers sujets, ce qui présente un défi d’intégration. Nous avons effectué une analyse bibliographique de la base de données internationale Scopus afin de décrire la recherche autour du fait éducatif. Nous avons construit une carte globale – essentiellement de la recherche anglophone – consistant en dix-huit clusters distincts connectés par des ensembles de ressources bibliographiques. Les clusters diffèrent dans leurs références partagées et dans la façon dont ils se focalisent sur un aspect de la recherche en éducation. Certains clusters partagent des références dont les publications sont très connectées et portent directement sur l’enseignement et l’apprentissage (par exemple, le cluster Learning ) alors que d’autres clusters partagent des références de manière moins connectée et s’intéressent à des sujets qui se trouvent à l’intersection des recherches autour du fait éducatif et d’autres champs d’investigation (par exemple, le cluster Sociology of Education ).
Oorsigartikel – F. Gerrit Immink se prakties–teologiese studie van die geloofspraktyk: Liturgiese vernuwing in die Protestantse tradisie
Authors: Pieterse Hendrik J.C.
Published: November 2017

This contribution is a review article on the three most important books by F. Gerrit Immink in practical theology. His approach to this discipline is studying faith praxis of the Protestantse Kerk in Nederland (Protestant Church in the Netherlands) which is a church in the Reformed tradition. In his first book he explained his approach to practical theology in a discussion with the action theory and hermeneutical-communucative approaches. His choice for the study of faith praxis opens the way for a more theological approach to him in which communication between God and people is an important aspect. His second book forms the central part of this article. He uses the concept performance in the liturgy which is adopted from the theater world. In the performance by means of the execution of the liturgy by the congregation (preacher, organ, music, singing, praying) they all get involved in the message from the Bible of that Sunday, they are touched by it, it has an effect on them, and they get a new perspective on the problems of everyday life. This is possible through the work of the Holy Spirit. The epiclese prayers in the liturgy are prayers for the enlightening and work by the Spirit. He discusses singing, praying, preaching, baptism and Holy Communion in detail. The main idea is that the performance in the liturgy does something to you, it has an effect on you, something happens to you. To my mind there is no need to choose between the ritual approach and the approach he is putting on the table. The approaches can enrich each other.
Practical theology and the call for the decolonisation of higher education in South Africa: Reflections and proposals
Authors: Dreyer Jaco S.
Published: November 2017

Although the issue of transformation has always been on the agenda of higher education since the transition to a democratic government in 1994, it is only since the student protests in 2015 and 2016 that the call for decolonisation of higher education in South Africa attracted much attention. The aim of this article is to reflect on the discipline of practical theology in South Africa in view of this call for decolonisation. Looking through the theoretical lens of decolonial theory, the author opts for an epistemological perspective on decolonisation. More particularly, the call for decolonisation of knowledge implies a struggle for epistemic justice. With this understanding of the call for decolonisation, the author reflects on the situation of practical theology in South Africa. The article concludes with three proposals for the decolonisation of practical theological research.
Comunicación ambiental y proyectos energéticos renovables no convencionales. Análisis de contenido en medios de comunicación de masa chilenos
Authors: Billi Marco , Urquiza Gómez Anahí , Feres Klenner Camilo
Published: November 2017

Se observa la tematización mediática de proyectos Energéticos Renovables No Convencionales [ERNC] en términos de la relevancia y tratamiento otorgados a distintas fuentes y estructuras temáticas emergentes. Metodología. Análisis de contenido con enfoque mixto sobre una muestra de 100 artículos de prensa digital chilena relacionados con ERNC, usando el marco analítico de la Teoría de Sistemas Sociales de Niklas Luhmann. Resultados y Discusión. La primacía de fuentes solares y eólicas se acompaña a una reducida claridad terminológica, que sin embargo permite construir estructuras temáticas distintas en relación con sistemas sociales como economía, ciencia, política y derecho. Las referencias medioambientales son más escasas y menos profundas, privilegiando sus aspectos evocativos y con máxima capacidad de enlace. Conclusiones. En lugar que observar a los medios como mera transmisión de racionalidades externas a ellos debería prestarse atención a su capacidad de crear realidad y representar el entorno social y medioambiental.
El uso del lenguaje audiovisual en la expansión de las artes escénicas fuera del teatro: el caso de Don Giovanni, de Mozart
Authors: Villanueva-Benito Isabel , Lacasa-Mas Iván
Published: November 2017

Este artículo estudia filmaciones de ópera de los siglos XX y XXI, con el fin de identificar si el lenguaje que utilizan se acerca más a las convenciones teatrales de las artes escénicas propias del vivo o a las de los medios audiovisuales. Metodología: Hemos realizado un exhaustivo análisis de contenido del final del primer acto de 29 versiones filmadas del Don Giovanni de Mozart, de acuerdo a tres categorías: tipo de grabación, tipo de planos empleados y tipo de montaje. Partiendo de ellas, hemos evaluado 41 variables. Resultados: Concluimos que, en el intento de expandir un espectáculo como el operístico fuera de los teatros, incluso en el siglo XXI el vivo sigue limitando la forma de las filmaciones. Nuestro artículo subraya que no basta con trasladar los contenidos operísticos a los soportes mediáticos, sino que hace falta también aprovechar el lenguaje audiovisual para generar sentido narrativo. Proponemos varias maneras de hacerlo.
Ensuring Accurate, Timely Medication Orders and Reducing Errors: Assessment of a Read-Back Tactic
Authors: Mailman Jonathan F , Betcher Jeffrey , Semchuk William
Published: November 2017

-
Clutch Installation and Release Linkage Requirements for Truck and Bus Application
Authors:   Truck and Bus Powertrain Committee
Published: November 2017

Although not limited to, these installations are normally used on trucks considered as Medium Duty (Class 6 and 7), as well as Heavy Duty (Class 8).
Patient's Psychological Response to Twin-block Therapy
Authors: Felicita A Sumathi , Thirumurthi Akshay S , Jain Ravindra K
Published: November 2017

Aims and objectives

To determine the psychological response of the patient to twin-block therapy. To design and formulate a questionnaire to patient on twin-block therapy in the orthodontic clinic and the result will be evaluated.

Materials and methods

A total of 14 patients within the age group of 12 to 14 years on twin-block therapy for treatment of skeletal class II malocclusion with a mandibular deficiency in the Department of Orthodontics were selected. A questionnaire was formulated at the end of twin-block therapy. The completed questionnaire was analyzed and the patient responses to the different aspects of twin-block treatment were recorded.

Results

Of the 14 patients, 12 patients liked wearing the appliance. All the patients wore it comfortably full time. About 3 out of 14 had pain, 1 had ulcer, 9 14 had difficulty in eating, 6 patients had altered taste, and 3 had altered speech. A total of 13 patients observed improvement in lower jaw position. A total of 13 patients considered recommending the appliance to families and friends.

Conclusion

The response of the patient to twin-block appliance was positive. The twin block appears to be well accepted by the patients despite their age.

Clinical significance

Patient compliance directly affects the treatment outcome of the appliance.

How to cite this article

Thirumurthi AS, Felicita AS, Jain RK. Patient's Psychological Response to Twin-block Therapy. World J Dent 2017;8(4):327-330.
Large eddy simulation of radiation fog: impact of dynamics on the fog life cycle
Authors: Mazoyer Marie , Lac Christine , Thouron Odile , Bergot Thierry , Masson Valery , Musson-Genon Luc
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Large eddy simulations (LESs) of a radiation fog event occurring during the ParisFog experiment are studied with a view to analyse the impact of the dynamics of the boundary layer on the fog life cycle. The LES, performed with the Meso-NH model at 5 m resolution horizontally and 1 m vertically, and with a 2-moment microphysical scheme, includes the drag effect of a tree barrier and the deposition of droplets on vegetation. The model shows good agreement with measurements of near-surface dynamic and thermodynamic parameters and liquid water path. The blocking effect of the trees induces elevated fog formation, as actually observed, and horizontal heterogeneities during the formation. It also limits cooling and cloud water production. Deposition is found to exert the most significant impact on fog prediction as it not only erodes the fog near the surface but also modifies the fog life cycle and induces vertical heterogeneities. A comparison with the 2 m horizontal resolution simulation reveals small differences, meaning that grid convergence is achieved. Conversely, increasing numerical diffusion through a wind advection operator of lower order leads to an increase in the liquid water path and has a very similar effect to removing the tree barrier. This study allows us to establish the major dynamical ingredients needed to accurately represent the fog life cycle at very high-resolution.
Modeling reactive ammonia uptake by secondary organic aerosol in CMAQ: application to continental US
Authors: Zhu Shupeng , Horne Jeremy R. , Montoya-Aguilera Julia , Hinks Mallory L. , Nizkorodov Sergey A. , Dabdub Donald
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Ammonium salts such as ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate constitute an important fraction of the total fine particulate matter (PM2.5) mass. While the conversion of inorganic gases into particulate phase sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium is now well understood, there is considerable uncertainty over interactions between gas-phase ammonia and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). Observations have confirmed that ammonia can react with carbonyl compounds in SOA, forming nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOC). This chemistry can reduce gas-phase NH3 concentration and therefore affect the amount of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate in particulate matter (PM). In order to investigate the importance of such reactions, a first-order loss rate for ammonia onto SOA was implemented into the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model based on the ammonia uptake coefficients reported in the literature. Simulations over the continental US were performed for the winter and summer of 2011 with a range of uptake coefficients (10−3–10−5). Simulation results indicate that a significant reduction in gas-phase ammonia is possible due to its uptake onto SOA; domain-averaged ammonia concentrations decrease by 31.3 % in the winter, and 67.0 % in the summer with the highest uptake coefficient (10−3). As a result, the concentration of particulate matter is also significantly affected, with a distinct spatial pattern over different seasons. PM concentrations decreased during the winter, largely due to the reduction in ammonium nitrate concentrations. On the other hand, PM concentrations increased during the summer due to increased production of biogenic SOA production resulting from enhanced acid-catalyzed uptake of isoprene-derived epoxides. While ammonia emissions expected to increase in the future, it is important to include NH3 + SOA chemistry in air quality models.
Aerosol particle size distribution in the stratosphere retrieved from SCIAMACHY limb measurements
Authors: Malinina Elizaveta , Rozanov Alexei , Rozanov Vladimir , Liebing Patricia , Bovensmann Heinrich , Burrows John P.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Information about aerosols in the Earth’s atmosphere is of a great importance in the scientific community. While tropospheric aerosol influences the radiative balance of the troposphere and affects human health, stratospheric aerosol plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry and climate change. In particular, information about the amount and distribution of stratospheric aerosols is required to initialize climate models, as well as validate aerosol microphysics models and investigate geoengineering. In addition, good knowledge of stratospheric aerosol loading is needed to increase the retrieval accuracy for the key trace gases (e.g. ozone or water vapor), when interpreting remote sensing measurements of the scattered solar light. There are several parameters which are commonly used to describe stratospheric aerosols, such as the aerosol extinction coefficient and Ångström coefficient. However, the use of particle size distribution parameters coupled with the aerosol number density is an unambiguous and more optimal approach. In this manuscript we present a new retrieval algorithm to obtain the particle size distribution of the stratospheric aerosol from space borne observations of the scattered solar light in the limb viewing geometry. While the mode radius and width of the aerosol particle size distribution are retrieved, the aerosol particle number density remains unchanged. The latter is justified by a lower sensitivity of the limb-scattering measurements to changes in this parameter. To our knowledge this the first data set providing two parameters of the particle size distribution of the stratospheric aerosol from space borne measurements of the scattered solar light. Generally, the mode radius and absolute distribution width can be retrieved with the uncertainty of less than 20 %. The algorithm was successfully applied to the tropical region (20° N–20° S) for 10 years (2002–2012) of SCIAMACHY observations in limb viewing geometry, establishing a unique data set. Analysis of this new climatology for the particle size distribution parameters showed clear increases of the mode radius after the tropical volcanic eruptions, whereas no distinct behaviour oft the absolute distribution width could be identified. A tape recorder, which describes the time lag as the perturbation propagates to higher altitudes, was identified for both parameters after the volcanic eruptions. A Quasi Biannual Oscillation (QBO) pattern at upper altitudes (28–32 km) is prominent in the anomalies of the analyzed parameters. A comparison of the aerosol effective radii derived from SCIAMACHY and SAGE II data was performed. The average difference is found to be around 30 % at the lower altitudes decreasing with increasing height to almost zero around 30 km. The data sample available for the comparison is, however, relatively small.
Nitrogen budgets following a Lagrangian strategy in the Western Tropical South Pacific Ocean: the prominent role of N2 fixation (OUTPACE cruise)
Authors: Caffin Mathieu , Moutin Thierry , Foster Rachel Ann , Bouruet-Aubertot Pascale , Doglioli Andrea Michelangelo , Berthelot Hugo , Grosso Olivier , Helias-Nunige Sandra , Leblond Nathalie , Gimenez Audrey , Petrenko Anne Alexandra , de Verneil Alain , Bonnet Sophie
Published: November 2017

Abstract. We performed N budgets at three stations in the western tropical South Pacific (WTSP) Ocean during austral summer conditions (Feb. Mar. 2015) and quantified all major N fluxes both entering the system (N2 fixation, nitrate eddy diffusion, atmospheric deposition) and leaving the system (PN export). Thanks to a Lagrangian strategy, we sampled the same water mass for the entire duration of each long duration (5 days) station, allowing to consider only vertical exchanges. Two stations located at the western end of the transect (Melanesian archipelago (MA) waters, LD A and LD B) were oligotrophic and characterized by a deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) located at 51 ± 18 m and 81 ± 9 m at LD A and LD B. Station LD C was characterized by a DCM located at 132 ± 7 m, representative of the ultra-oligotrophic waters of the South Pacific gyre (SPG water). N2 fixation rates were extremely high at both LD A (593 ± 51 µmol N m−2 d−1) and LD B (706 ± 302 µmol N m−2 d−1), and the diazotroph community was dominated by Trichodesmium. N2 fixation rates were lower (59 ± 16 µmol N m−2 d−1) at LD C and the diazotroph community was dominated by unicellular N2-fixing cyanobacteria (UCYN). At all stations, N2 fixation was the major source of new N (> 90 %) before atmospheric deposition and upward nitrate fluxes induced by turbulence. N2 fixation contributed circa 8–12 % of primary production in the MA region and 3 % in the SPG water and sustained nearly all new primary production at all stations. The e-ratio (e-ratio = PC export/PP) was maximum at LD A (9.7 %) and was higher than the e-ratio in most studied oligotrophic regions (~ 1 %), indicating a high efficiency of the WTSP to export carbon relative to primary production. The direct export of diazotrophs assessed by qPCR of the nifH gene in sediment traps represented up to 30.6 % of the PC export at LD A, while there contribution was 5 and
Can Limits to Growth in the Renewable Energy Sector be Inferred by Curve Fitting to Historical Data?
Authors: Rypdal Kristoffer
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The paper examines the assertion that limits to growth in the renewable energy sector can be inferred statistically from global historical data for installed capacity of solar and wind power. This claim has been made in the peer reviewed scientific literature and has been subject to considerable media coverage. If true, the harsh implication is that the substitution of fossil fuels by renewables is impossible due to Earth System constraints. It is demonstrated here that rational selection between an exponential and a logistic growth model cannot be made from existing data for the historical evolution of global installed capacity. For global power consumption, the growth limit for a fitted logistic model is so high that the growth is indistinguishable from exponential growth for any practical purpose. It is observed that some regional data show polynomial, rather than exponential, growth. But there are no signs of levelling off to a finite limit, and it is suggested that the difference between global and regional growth patterns may be that increasing technology transfer to undeveloped areas gives an extra impetus to the global growth. If this is the case we may see slower than exponential growth in the future without a definite growth limit. These overall negative results regarding drawing definite conclusion from statistical considerations lead to the conclusion that, even though statistical methods are indispensable in energy planning, they are not a substitute for physical and economic modelling.
Hydrography in the Mediterranean Sea during a cruise with RV
Tethys 2 in May 2015
Authors: Taillandier Vincent , Wagener Thibaut , D'Ortenzio Fabrizio , Mayot Nicolas , Legoff Hervé , Ras Joséphine , Coppola Laurent , Pasqueron de Fommervault Orens , Schmechtig Catherine , Diamond Emilie , Bittig Henry , Lefevre Dominique , Leymarie Edouard , Poteau Antoine , Prieur Louis
Published: November 2017

Abstract. We report on data from an oceanographic cruise, covering western, central and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, on the French research vessel Tethys 2 in May 2015. This cruise was fully dedicated to the maintenance and the metrological verification of a biogeochemical observing system based on a fleet of BGC-Argo floats. During the cruise, a comprehensive dataset of parameters sensed by the autonomous network was collected. The measurements include ocean currents, seawater salinity and temperature, concentration of inorganic nutrients, of dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll pigments. The analytical protocols and data processing methods are detailed, together with a first assessment of the calibration state for all the sensors deployed during the cruise. Data collected at stations are available under http://doi.org/10.17882/51678, data collected along ship track are available under http://doi.org/10.17882/51691.