bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le rôle des traumatismes familiaux dans l’émergence des troubles délirants chez deux jeunes adultes camerounaises de culture grassfield
Authors: Mboua Pierre Célestin
Published: August 2016

Entité tutélaire permettant l’édification des mythes et des rituels d’élaboration du psychisme, la famille, par son organisation et son fonctionnement, est susceptible de favoriser des modalités transactionnelles traumatiques l’affectant comme système. L’observation a porté sur deux cas cliniques. Cet article prend appui sur des entretiens cliniques. Il nous permet d’insister sur le fait qu’au regard de la nature des « percepts » et des contenus du « dasein » attachés au vécu familial, les membres du système familial peuvent être diversement affectés par le traumatisme, souvent associé à des troubles connexes. Dans le contexte des transactions péniblement vécues et particulièrement libidinalisées, l’analyse a mis en évidence une vulnérabilité accrue aux troubles délirants dans un contexte patriarcal très rigide, où les mythes et rituels qui organisent les transactions familiales deviennent pathogènes.
Métaphores et sculptures du temps en formation
Authors: Platteau Geneviève
Published: August 2016

À travers la présentation d’expériences de formation sur trois continents (Afrique, Europe et Orient), l’auteure nous propose d’examiner les métaphores et les sculptures comme outils permettant de créer un temps différent, propice à l’apprentissage et à la découverte de zones inexplorées de l’histoire du stagiaire ainsi qu’à la mise en lien de celle-ci avec sa pratique de thérapeute. En travaillant sur l’image des couples parentaux des stagiaires en formation, ces liens permettent de mettre en lumière leurs fragilités en tant que thérapeute, ce qu’ils ont reçu de leur famille d’origine et le mythe familial. L’auteure repositionne ces notions dans les cultures d’appartenance pour souligner les différences et les similitudes.
Temps humain, temps animal : raccourci ou incomparable
Authors: Beata Claude
Published: August 2016

Temps de l’animal et temps humain présentent de grandes ressemblances qui sont abordées au regard des périodes de vulnérabilité et du temps de la consultation. C’est la façon dont ce temps peut prendre fin qui marque la plus grande différence.
Rythmes du vivant et rythme de vie : vers un décrochage ?
Authors: Goldbeter Albert
Published: August 2016

L’accélération de nos vies quotidiennes, dans un monde hyperconnecté, met notre rythme de vie sous la pression de l’urgence. Le but de cet article est d’explorer le lien entre rythme de vie et rythmes du vivant à la lumière de cette accélération.
Empathie et psychothérapie systémique. Implications théoriques et cliniques
Authors: Onnis Luigi
Published: August 2016

Après avoir proposé une définition et présenté un bref historique du concept de l’empathie, l’auteur évoque les apports scientifiques qui actuellement enrichissent le domaine l’empathie : les travaux issus de la psychologie du développement, qui accordent en particulier de l’importance à l’intersubjectivité, et les apports des neurosciences à propos de la fonction des neurones miroirs. Il ressort que l’empathie est une construction relationnelle qui implique une dimension intersubjective avec des bases émotionnelles et affectives (bien avant une base cognitive) s’exprimant au travers de langages implicites et en particulier corporels. Ces caractéristiques relationnelles de l’empathie s’intègrent parfaitement à la psychothérapie systémique relationnelle laquelle reconnaît la pertinence de la relation intersubjective ; de plus, elle accorde une grande importance à l’utilisation thérapeutique des langages analogiques afin de favoriser les échanges émotionnels entre thérapeutes et familles. Nous décrirons un cas clinique où l’activation de l’empathie au sein d’une famille et entre elle et le thérapeute est favorisée par l’usage de la méthode analogique des Sculptures du Temps Familial. En fin de l’article, nous discuterons également des risques de la surévaluation de l’empathie, en particulier lorsqu’elle est considérée comme un facteur qui, en soi, peut produire un changement.
Representing Architectural Heritage
Authors: Ippolito Alfonso
Published: August 2016

Architectonical artefacts are in many ways one of the most extraordinary legacies that past civilizations have left to us from a cultural, technological and functional standpoint, because of the impact that the development of the material culture and building techniques had for ancient communities. The definition of a protocol designed to achieve an understanding of the object of Cultural Heritage consents the realization of various models. These models are the bases for all the critical, selective, specialist next analyses and elaboration. This work discusses the possibilities offered by the integration of heterogeneous method, traditional and innovative, for massive surveying and digital representation technologies.
The Importance of Being Honest
Authors: Brusaporci Stefano
Published: August 2016

The chapter presents a reflection on the concept of transparency in digital modeling and visualization of Architectural Heritage. Moving from topics of transparency and from the experiences in using paradata in different fields to state model's source, the degree of reliability of virtual re-constructions, and to made the digital model testable by other professionals, transparency and paradata are studied and declined for a dedicated application to historical buildings. In fact paradata is useful for model's design, use, management, diffusion, archiving, and interoperability. This according to an aim of model's intellectual transparency, and scientific computing and visualization of historic buildings. Follows issues about: the relationship between physical and digital heritage, the design of the digital 3D model and the database, the communication of transparency through spatial visualizations and multiple windowed representations, the transparency as possible methodological workflow for scientific analysis.
Definition of a Protocol for the Knowledge, the Analysis and the Communication of the Architectural Heritage
Authors: Arena Marinella
Published: August 2016

The communication of architecture is a complex and multidisciplinary process, indispensable for enhancing a monument properly and to allow understanding and knowledge to a large number of users. The European Architectural Heritage, and the Italian one in particular, is enormous; the processes of knowledge, cataloguing and analysis are far from being complete. This fact has prompted the European Union to invest, especially in recent years, in research projects designed to increase the communication strategies and put a value on the present assets in its territory. For example, the programs of the European Commission for Research and Innovation, found in “Horizon 2020”, define the communication based on the new media as the new frontier for the enhancement of architectural heritage (Reflective Cities). The main goal is to develop a better awareness of the Architectural Heritage through increased interaction between the citizen, the monument and the scientific community.
Contribution to the Technical Interpretation of the Roman Sacred Architecture by the New Survey Methods
Authors: Bennoui Ladraa Baya , Doumaz Fawzi , Chennaoui Youcef
Published: August 2016

The surveying of archaeological relics is a complex process in that it requires the combination of several previously defined representation techniques. The example of the Tipasa's nameless temple allows the evaluation of the rational and pertinent use of new means of surveying and representation requiring an architectural knowledge of the subject that helps orient the choice and combination of acquisition methods. In this case, two techniques were combined: topography for the general survey and georeferencing, and photogrammetry for the surveying of architectural details. The final result allows, firstly, for the design of a georeferenced, stone-by-stone survey of the relics at a scale sizable enough to grasp the general large-scale conception by recognizing and identifying the main elements which constitute the temple. Then the use of photogrammetry allowed the elaboration of a significant 2D and 3D database of the architectural elements necessary to identify of the type and order of the construction, and will contribute to the researches carried in North African places of worship.
Emerging Technologies for the Seismic Assessment of Historical Churches
Authors: Ragone Antonella , Ippolito Alfonso , Liberatore Domenico , Sorrentino Luigi
Published: August 2016

Historical churches have shown a dramatic vulnerability in several recent earthquakes, especially when they are adjacent to bell towers. Due to their great number and their societal relevance, low cost and nondestructive survey and investigation procedures are necessary for the seismic assessment. Accurate and fast geometric models can be obtained through digital photo-modeling, and they are the base for finite element models. These models can be updated through ambient vibration testing, which delivers a robust estimate of the fundamental period of the building especially in the case of cantilever-like bell towers. Elastic modulus and boundary conditions can be evaluated through numerical and physical comparison, provided that in situ sampling suggests a masonry density value. Then, compressive strength can be estimated, yielding a more robust seismic assessment. The proposed procedure is applied to the Cathedral of Matera, Southern Italy.
Palazzo Dei Tribunali in Via Giulia
Authors: Chiavoni Emanuela , Porfiri Francesca , Tacchi Gaia Lisa
Published: August 2016

The study presents the very first results of research carried out on the Palazzo dei Tribunali in via Giulia, designed by Bramante but realised only in part. The only fragments that have survived are a few portions of a massive ashlar masonry structure, which characterized the base of the palace. The objective of the research was to carry out an analysis of the site but one that would combine the documentary biblio-iconographic aspect of the study – which would take full account of existing and published articles – with an enquiry based on a direct approach to the site within the metric and perspective-visual frame of reference. This type of analysis can be carried out through direct observation “in situ” and through an integrated digital survey campaign on various levels. This study can be considered an important contribution to the knowledge of the Palazzo and to the documentation of Cultural Heritage.
Surveying Ancient Maya Buildings in the Forest
Authors: Vidal-Lorenzo Cristina , Cosme Gaspar Muñoz , Merlo Alessandro
Published: August 2016

During the last few decades, 3D scanning devices and 3D digital image generating technology has been developed to the point where they significantly reduce errors and time during data collection thus making them highly appropriate tools in the field of archaeology. With regards to surveying, terrestrial laser scanning and digital photogrammetry, they are a viable alternative to traditional methods for measuring. Nevertheless, these technologies are rarely used in projects in the Maya region, even though they offer a wide range of applications, which could be explored and utilised in this subtropical environment. This paper presents the results of digital surveying involving two Maya archaeological sites in Guatemala: La Blanca and Chilonché, as well as demonstrating their effective application for “investigating into the past”.
3D Digital Models for Scientific Purpose
Authors: Cipriani Luca , Fantini Filippo , Bertacchi Silvia
Published: August 2016

Reality-based digital models assist in the achievement of accurate analysis of historical buildings as well as archaeological sites and, more in general, of monuments featuring more or less complex forms. Their reliability is particularly useful when the state of conservation of masonries and vaults has been altered due to deterioration phenomena or as a consequence of incorrect interventions. In these cases, a highly detailed “digital copy” of the ancient constructions, if correctly observed via reverse modelling applications, can provide useful indications for an accurate and scientifically-based digital reconstruction. The Octagonal Hall of Small Baths at Hadrian's Villa, with its daring design of vaults and audacious building techniques, was chosen to test several interpretation techniques based on the customization of contemporary reverse modelling procedures integrated with standard protocols of design analysis and archaeological investigation.
Drawing, Information, and Design
Authors: Fiorani Donatella , Acierno Marta
Published: August 2016

Although widely employed within the Architectural Heritage conservation process, Information and Communications Technology (ICT) techniques still present many serious issues for the discipline. Current research highlights a possible methodological approach to devise an ICT instrument that could support activities for Cultural Heritage conservation, while maintaining full respect for the specifics of the discipline. Reviewing current ICT and Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) applications, it is possible to note that the proposed approach is at the moment reversed: modelling does not arise as the projection of a future object, but rather from the knowledge needed to represent an existing site as accurately as possible. The proposed goal, reflecting the operative methodology of the conservation process, seems to offer a greater range of representativeness and to resolve, at least, some of the critical topics that have arisen from the application of ICT to Cultural Heritage to date.
Euryalos Castle and Dionysian Walls in Syracuse
Authors: Bonacini Elisa , Castorina Alessandra
Published: August 2016

Euryalos Castle, in Syracuse, is the most important example of a Greek fortress in the Western world. It dates back to the late 5th century BC, connected with the Dionysian walls. Using European funding, the Superintendence of Syracuse has developed a museological project for the setting up of a little Antiquarium to be used for archaeological finds, according to traditional criteria, and a multimedia project for a modern enhancement of the site. This chapter presents the history of Euryalos Castle and its multimedia project concept. Thanks to the project, this monument lives through images, allowing visitors to grasp the real evolution of the archaeological landscape and its history. Primary objective of the project was to explain a monument such complex as Euryalos Castle according to modern digital storytelling.
Between Faith and Reason
Authors: Ribichini Luca
Published: August 2016

About the church of Sant' Ivo alla Sapienza, masterpiece of Borromini, it has been said: it was stressed above all its oddness, eccentricity, which critics have always led back to the essence of the Baroque, without examining the possible links that bind their characteristic elements of this building. So, proceeding abduction and venturing to approach sources also apparently alien to each other, it is possible to formulate a thesis: Sant'Ivo is a poem in stone dedicated to Wisdom. Borromini may have scope to create a consideration of Dante's Divine Comedy, and specifically the third poem dedicated to Paradise and to meet God; and at the same time to draw up a formal summary of the binomial reason / faith, so long discussed the dawn of Christianity. The survey chase the poetic and literary references, and found correspondence with indisputable texts of Dionysius the Areopagite, Dante and Boethius. A thesis deeply innovative than the critical pre-existing, that opens new research and an integral vision of this highly consistent “bizarre” building.
Hand Held 3D Scanning for Cultural Heritage
Authors: Allegra Dario , Gallo Giovanni , Inzerillo Laura , Lombardo Marcella , Milotta Filippo L. M. , Santagati Cettina , Stanco Filippo
Published: August 2016

In the last years 3D scanning has become an important resource in many fields, in particular it has played a key role in study and preservation of Cultural Heritage. Moreover today, thanks to the miniaturization of electronic components, it has been possible produce a new category of 3D scanners, also known as handheld scanners. Handheld scanners combine a relatively low cost with the advantage of the portability. The aim of this chapter is two-fold: first, a survey about the most recent 3D handheld scanners is presented. As second, a study about the possibility to employ the handheld scanners in the field of Cultural Heritage is conducted. In this investigation, a doorway of the Benedictine Monastery of Catania, has been used as study case for a comparison between stationary Time of Flight scanner, photogrammetry-based 3D reconstruction and handheld scanning. The study is completed by an evaluation of the meshes quality obtained with the three different kinds of technology and a 3D modeling reproduction of the case-study doorway.
A Second Look for a New Cycle of Life
Authors: Ottavianelli Ana , Gentile Eduardo , Minatta Florencia
Published: August 2016

It is not news that the material life of buildings transcends the function that gave rise to them. This circumstance is the leitmotiv of the rehabilitation and recycling works as part of architectural design practice. In the case of the former headquarters of the Buenos Aires Main Post Office, the development of new means of communication made the traditional postal traffic volume decrease, resulting in an oversized building according to present circumstances. In this context, the need was inevitable – and cultural and technical possibility – to give another meaning to the building, starting a new cycle of social use from a program compatible with its urban and architectural features. The present work refers to the graphic documents of the old substance of the building, focusing on the existing element on which the intervention was planned, with the objective of studying the components on which the conservation, restoration and intervention would develop.
A Cross Reading of Landscape through Digital Landscape Models
Authors: Forti Ilaria
Published: August 2016

The paper illustrates the results of a research project entitled “Landscape Information: new tools and methodologies for the representation of the landscape.” The case study selected for this research on the many aspects of the landscape is the vast territory included in the municipalities facing the Lake Garda, a significant example of “territory-landscape”, where different environmental characteristics meet, and through dynamic processes of interaction and transformation were generated specific natural and social forms. The innovative outcome of the research is to be found mainly in the methods of observation and representation defined and used, in order to get to the synthesis of an observation and cataloging system continuously queryable and implementable, accessible through simple and common interfaces, based upon the DLM. Its goal is to lay the foundations for the creation of a virtual strategic space where preservation and transformation processes will be activated, a platform easily accessible to different users, thus allowing a plural and inclusive vision of the landscape.
“Discretizzazione” and Data Analysis at the Time of “Total Survey”
Authors: Mediati Domenico
Published: August 2016

The chapter contains considerations and methods of analysis of data acquired using modern surveying technologies, applied to cultural heritage. Three case studies are carried out. They are different in type of monuments, aim of survey and survey techniques used. The large amount of data acquired through innovative techniques of photographic survey and laser scanning requires an adequate process of “discretizzazione”. It will change an uncritical “total survey” into a selective and effective analysis and communication process. An excess of information could distract from the actual purpose of survey, and it could provide the illusion of a comprehensive understanding of the monument. Actually, the real knowledge does not come from the amount of data acquired but from the ability to analyze them, to relate and communicate to potential users.
Aging-Associated TNF Production Primes Inflammasome Activation and NLRP3-Related Metabolic Disturbances
Authors: Bauernfeind Franz , Niepmann Sven , Knolle Percy A. , Hornung Veit
Published: August 2016

Accumulating evidence suggests that the activation of the innate branch of the immune system plays a pivotal role in the induction and perpetuation of metabolic and aging-related diseases. In this context, the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway has been identified as an important driver of sterile inflammatory processes. De novo protein synthesis of NLRP3 induced by signals such as TLR ligands or TNF is a prerequisite for sustained NLRP3 mediated caspase-1 cleavage and inflammasome activation. Here, we demonstrate in aged mice that spontaneously elevated TNF represents a critical priming signal that functions to control NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Elevated systemic TNF levels were responsible for increased NLRP3 expression and caspase-1 activity in adipose tissues and liver. TNF dependent, spontaneous inflammasome activity in aged mice resulted in impaired glucose tolerance that could be attributed to peripheral insulin resistance. Altogether, these results implicate that TNF-driven NLRP3 expression constitutes an important checkpoint that regulates inflammasome activation, presumably by additional signals such as aging-associated DAMPs.
Rac GTPase Activating Protein ARHGAP25 Regulates Leukocyte Transendothelial Migration in Mice
Authors: Csépányi-Kömi Roland , Wisniewski Éva , Bartos Balázs , Lévai Petra , Németh Tamás , Balázs Bernadett , Kurz Angela R. M. , Bierschenk Susanne , Sperandio Markus , Ligeti Erzsébet
Published: August 2016

ARHGAP25 is a Rac-specific GTPase-activating protein that is expressed primarily in hematopoietic cells. The involvement of ARHGAP25 in regulating the recruitment of leukocytes to inflammatory sites was investigated in genetically modified mice. Using intravital microscopy, we show that Arhgap25 deficiency affects all steps of leukocyte recruitment with a predominant enhancement of transendothelial migration of neutrophilic granulocytes. Increased transmigration of Arhgap25-deficient leukocytes is demonstrated in inflamed cremaster muscle venules, in a peritonitis model, and in an in vitro chemotaxis assay. Using bone marrow chimeric mice lacking ARHGAP25 in the hematopoietic compartment, we show that enhanced migration in the absence of ARHGAP25 is due to defective leukocyte function. In search for potential mechanisms of ARHGAP25-regulated migration of neutrophils, we detected an increase in the amount of active, GTP-bound Rac and Rac-dependent cytoskeletal changes in the absence of ARHGAP25, suggesting a critical role of ARHGAP25 in counterbalancing the Rac-activating effect of nucleotide exchange factors. Taken together, using Arhgap25-deficient mice, we identified ARHGAP25 as a relevant negative regulator of leukocyte transendothelial migration.
CLEC12A-Mediated Antigen Uptake and Cross-Presentation by Human Dendritic Cell Subsets Efficiently Boost Tumor-Reactive T Cell Responses
Authors: Hutten Tim J. A. , Thordardottir Soley , Fredrix Hanny , Janssen Lisanne , Woestenenk Rob , Tel Jurjen , Joosten Ben , Cambi Alessandra , Heemskerk Mirjam H. M. , Franssen Gerben M. , Boerman Otto C. , Bakker Lex B. H. , Jansen Joop H. , Schaap Nicolaas , Dolstra Harry , Hobo Willemijn
Published: August 2016

Potent immunotherapies are urgently needed to boost antitumor immunity and control disease in cancer patients. As dendritic cells (DCs) are the most powerful APCs, they are an attractive means to reinvigorate T cell responses. An appealing strategy to use the effective Ag processing and presentation machinery, T cell stimulation and cross-talk capacity of natural DC subsets is in vivo tumor Ag delivery. In this context, endocytic C-type lectin receptors are attractive targeting molecules. In this study, we investigated whether CLEC12A efficiently delivers tumor Ags into human DC subsets, facilitating effective induction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. We confirmed that CLEC12A is selectively expressed by myeloid cells, including the myeloid DC subset (mDCs) and the plasmacytoid DC subset (pDCs). Moreover, we demonstrated that these DC subsets efficiently internalize CLEC12A, whereupon it quickly translocates to the early endosomes and subsequently routes to the lysosomes. Notably, CLEC12A Ab targeting did not negatively affect DC maturation or function. Furthermore, CLEC12A-mediated delivery of keyhole limpet hemocyanin resulted in enhanced proliferation and cytokine secretion by keyhole limpet hemocyanin–experienced CD4+ T cells. Most importantly, CLEC12A-targeted delivery of HA-1 long peptide resulted in efficient Ag cross-presentation by mDCs and pDCs, leading to strong ex vivo activation of HA-1–specific CD8+ T cells of patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Collectively, these data indicate that CLEC12A is an effective new candidate with great potential for in vivo Ag delivery into mDCs and pDCs, thereby using the specialized functions and cross-talk capacity of these DC subsets to boost tumor-reactive T cell immunity in cancer patients.
Nrf2 Modulates Host Defense during Streptococcus pneumoniae Pneumonia in Mice
Authors: Gomez John C. , Dang Hong , Martin Jessica R. , Doerschuk Claire M.
Published: August 2016

Nrf2 regulates the transcriptional response to oxidative stress. These studies tested the role of Nrf2 during Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia and identified Nrf2-dependent genes and pathways in lung tissue and in recruited neutrophils. Nrf2 null and wild type (WT) mice were studied at 6 and 24 h after instillation of S. pneumoniae or PBS. At 6 h, fewer neutrophils were recruited and the number of bacteria remaining in the lungs tended to be less (p = 0.06) in the Nrf2 null compared with WT mice. In uninfected lungs, 53 genes were already differentially expressed in Nrf2 null compared with WT mouse lungs, and gene sets involved in phagocytosis, Fc receptor function, complement, and Ig regulation are enhanced in PBS-treated Nrf2 null gene profiles compared with those of WT mice. These results suggest that initial host defense is enhanced in Nrf2 null mice, resulting in less recruitment of neutrophils. At 24 h, neutrophil recruitment was greater. The percentages of early apoptotic and late apoptotic/necrotic neutrophils were similar. At increasing inoculum numbers, mortality rates strikingly increased from 15 to 31 and 100% in Nrf2 null mice, whereas all WT mice survived, and Nrf2 null mice had a defect in clearance, particularly at the intermediate dose. The mortality was due to enhanced lung injury and greater systemic response. Gene profiling identified differentially regulated genes and pathways in neutrophils and lung tissue, including those involved in redox stress response, metabolism, inflammation, immunoregulatory pathways, and tissue repair, providing insight into the mechanisms for the greater tissue damage and increased neutrophil accumulation.
PFKFB3-Driven Macrophage Glycolytic Metabolism Is a Crucial Component of Innate Antiviral Defense
Authors: Jiang Hui , Shi Hengfei , Sun Man , Wang Yafeng , Meng Qingzhou , Guo Panpan , Cao Yanlan , Chen Jiong , Gao Xiang , Li Erguang , Liu Jianghuai
Published: August 2016

Signaling by viral nucleic acids and subsequently by type I IFN is central to antiviral innate immunity. These signaling events are also likely to engage metabolic changes in immune and nonimmune cells to support antiviral defense. In this study, we show that cytosolic viral recognition, by way of secondary IFN signaling, leads to upregulation of glycolysis preferentially in macrophages. This metabolic switch involves induction of glycolytic activator 6-phosphofructose-2-kinase and fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFKFB3). Using a genetic inactivation approach together with pharmacological perturbations in mouse cells, we show that PFKFB3-driven glycolysis selectively promotes the extrinsic antiviral capacity of macrophages, via metabolically supporting the engulfment and removal of virus-infected cells. Furthermore, the antiviral function of PFKFB3, as well as some contribution of its action from the hematopoietic compartment, was confirmed in a mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus infection. Therefore, different from the long-standing perception of glycolysis as a proviral pathway, our findings establish an antiviral, immunometabolic aspect of glycolysis that may have therapeutic implications.
Killer Cell Lectin-like Receptor G1 Inhibits NK Cell Function through Activation of Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate–Activated Protein Kinase
Authors: Müller-Durovic Bojana , Lanna Alessio , Polaco Covre Luciana , Mills Rachel S. , Henson Sian M. , Akbar Arne N.
Published: August 2016

NK cells are the first line of defense against infected and transformed cells. Defective NK cell activity was shown to increase susceptibility for viral infections and reduce tumor immune-surveillance. With age, the incidence of infectious diseases and malignancy rises dramatically, suggesting that impaired NK cell function might contribute to disease in these individuals. We found an increased frequency of NK cells with high expression of the inhibitory killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1) in individuals >70 y. The role of KLRG1 in ageing is not known, and the mechanism of KLRG1-induced inhibition of NK cell function is not fully understood. We report that NK cells with high KLRG1 expression spontaneously activate the metabolic sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and that activation of AMPK negatively regulates NK cell function. Pre-existing AMPK activity is further amplified by ligation of KLRG1 in these cells, which leads to internalization of the receptor and allows interaction with AMPK. We show that KLRG1 activates AMPK by preventing its inhibitory dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase-2C rather than inducing de novo kinase activation. Finally, inhibition of KLRG1 or AMPK prevented KLRG1-induced activation of AMPK and reductions in NK cell cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion, proliferation, and telomerase expression. This novel signaling pathway links metabolic sensing, effector function, and cell differentiation with inhibitory receptor signaling that may be exploited to enhance NK cell activity during ageing.
Preservation of Lymphopoietic Potential and Virus Suppressive Capacity by CD8+ T Cells in HIV-2–Infected Controllers
Authors: Angin Mathieu , Wong Glenn , Papagno Laura , Versmisse Pierre , David Annie , Bayard Charles , Charmeteau-De Muylder Bénédicte , Besseghir Amel , Thiébaut Rodolphe , Boufassa Faroudy , Pancino Gianfranco , Sauce Delphine , Lambotte Olivier , Brun-Vézinet Françoise , Matheron Sophie , Rowland-Jones Sarah L. , Cheynier Rémi , Sáez-Cirión Asier , Appay Victor ,   for the ANRS CO5 IMMUNOVIR-2 Study Group
Published: August 2016

Compared with HIV-1, HIV-2 infection is characterized by a larger proportion of slow or nonprogressors. A better understanding of HIV-2 pathogenesis should open new therapeutic avenues to establish control of HIV-1 replication in infected patients. In this study, we studied the production of CD8+ T cells and their capacity for viral control in HIV-2 controllers from the French ANRS CO5 HIV-2 cohort. HIV-2 controllers display a robust capacity to support long-term renewal of the CD8+ T cell compartment by preserving immune resources, including hematopoietic progenitors and thymic activity, which could contribute to the long-term maintenance of the CD8+ T cell response and the avoidance of premature immune aging. Our data support the presence of HIV-2 Gag–specific CD8+ T cells that display an early memory differentiation phenotype and robust effector potential in HIV-2 controllers. Accordingly, to our knowledge, we show for the first time that HIV-2 controllers possess CD8+ T cells that show an unusually strong capacity to suppress HIV-2 infection in autologous CD4+ T cells ex vivo, an ability that likely depends on the preservation of host immune resources. This effective and durable antiviral response probably participates in a virtuous circle, during which controlled viral replication permits the preservation of potent immune functions, thus preventing HIV-2 disease progression.
Cutting Edge: Direct Sensing of TLR7 Ligands and Type I IFN by the Common Myeloid Progenitor Promotes mTOR/PI3K-Dependent Emergency Myelopoiesis
Authors: Buechler Matthew B. , Akilesh Holly M. , Hamerman Jessica A.
Published: August 2016

During infection, recognition of pathogens and inflammatory cytokines skews hematopoiesis toward myeloid development, although the precise mechanisms responsible for this are unclear. In this study, we show that accelerated myeloid differentiation, known as emergency myelopoiesis, involves recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by the common myeloid progenitor (CMP) and is dependent on type I IFN for monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Direct sensing of TLR agonists by CMP induced rapid proliferation and induction of myeloid-differentiation genes. Lack of type I IFN signaling in CMP abrogated macrophage differentiation in response to TLR stimuli, whereas exogenous type I IFN amplified this process. Mechanistically, TLR7 induced PI3K/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in CMP, which was enhanced by type I IFN, and this pathway was essential for emergency myelopoiesis. This work identifies a novel mechanism by which TLR and type I IFN synergize to promote monocyte/macrophage development from hematopoietic progenitors, a process critical in triggering rapid immune responses during infection.
The RNA-Binding Proteins Zfp36l1 and Zfp36l2 Enforce the Thymic β-Selection Checkpoint by Limiting DNA Damage Response Signaling and Cell Cycle Progression
Authors: Vogel Katharina U. , Bell Lewis S. , Galloway Alison , Ahlfors Helena , Turner Martin
Published: August 2016

The RNA-binding proteins Zfp36l1 and Zfp36l2 act redundantly to enforce the β-selection checkpoint during thymopoiesis, yet their molecular targets remain largely unknown. In this study, we identify these targets on a genome-wide scale in primary mouse thymocytes and show that Zfp36l1/l2 regulate DNA damage response and cell cycle transcripts to ensure proper β-selection. Double-negative 3 thymocytes lacking Zfp36l1/l2 share a gene expression profile with postselected double-negative 3b cells despite the absence of intracellular TCRβ and reduced IL-7 signaling. Our findings show that in addition to controlling the timing of proliferation at β-selection, posttranscriptional control by Zfp36l1/l2 limits DNA damage responses, which are known to promote thymocyte differentiation. Zfp36l1/l2 therefore act as posttranscriptional safeguards against chromosomal instability and replication stress by integrating pre-TCR and IL-7 signaling with DNA damage and cell cycle control.
A 33D1+ Dendritic Cell/Autoreactive CD4+ T Cell Circuit Maintains IL-2–Dependent Regulatory T Cells in the Spleen
Authors: Stolley J. Michael , Campbell Daniel J.
Published: August 2016

Phenotypically and functionally diverse regulatory T (Tr) cell subsets populate lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues, where their maintenance and function are governed by unique homeostatic signals. Whereas Tr cells resident in nonlymphoid tissues depend on continual TCR signaling for their survival and function, phenotypically naive Tr cells occupying secondary lymphoid organs are largely supported by paracrine IL-2 signaling. Crucially, the absence of either of these distinct Tr cell subsets results in pathogenic autoimmunity, underscoring their nonredundant roles in the preservation of self-tolerance. However, the cellular and molecular factors precipitating IL-2 release and subsequent maintenance of secondary lymphoid organ–resident Tr cells are still poorly understood. In this study, we report that IL-2–dependent Tr cells in the spleen compete for a limiting supply of paracrine IL-2 generated by autoreactive CD4+ T cells in response to MHC class II–restricted autoantigen activation by 33D1+CD11bint dendritic cells. Manipulating this cellular circuit culminating in IL-2 production could have clinical benefits in settings in which diminished Tr cell abundance is desired.
Cutting Edge: IgE Plays an Active Role in Tumor Immunosurveillance in Mice
Authors: Nigro Elisa A. , Brini Anna T. , Yenagi Vijay A. , Ferreira Lorena M. , Achatz-Straussberger Gertrude , Ambrosi Alessandro , Sanvito Francesca , Soprana Elisa , van Anken Eelco , Achatz Gernot , Siccardi Antonio G. , Vangelista Luca
Published: August 2016

Exogenous IgE acts as an adjuvant in tumor vaccination in mice, and therefore a direct role of endogenous IgE in tumor immunosurveillance was investigated. By using genetically engineered mice, we found that IgE ablation rendered mice more susceptible to the growth of transplantable tumors. Conversely, a strengthened IgE response provided mice with partial or complete resistance to tumor growth, depending on the tumor type. By genetic crosses, we showed that IgE-mediated tumor protection was mostly lost in mice lacking FcεRI. Tumor protection was also lost after depletion of CD8+ T cells, highlighting a cross-talk between IgE and T cell–mediated tumor immunosurveillance. Our findings provide the rationale for clinical observations that relate atopy with a lower risk for developing cancer and open new avenues for the design of immunotherapeutics relevant for clinical oncology.
Thermal and Nanoindentation Behaviours of Layered Silicate Reinforced Recycled GF-12 Nanocomposites
Authors: Shalwan A. , Alateyah A. I. , Aldousiri B. , Alajmi M.
Published: August 2016

This work is an attempt to improve the thermal and nanoindentation behaviours of recycled Glass-Filled Polyamide-12 (GF-12) by adding layered Silicate (Nanoclay) as a reinforced filler. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Nanoindentation tests were conducted to study the effect of various loading levels (0-7 wt. %) of Nano-layered silicate on the thermal and nanohardness behaviours of GF-12 and its nanocomposites. Wide Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD) was employed to characterise the nanostructure of material and determine the intercalation/exfoliation for layered silicate in a GF-12 matrix. This study reveals that the layer silicate has a positive effect on the hardness results. Nanoindentation results showed remarkable improvement when layered silicate was added to recycled GF-12. The Glass transition (Tg) and crystallization (Tc) temperatures showed a slight improvement over the base polymer by the incorporation of layered silicate. Moreover, the enhancement of crystallization was obvious with the addition of clay loading, which functioned as a nucleating agent that could increase the rate of crystallization.
Deactivation Mechanism of Titania Catalyst
Authors: Al-Shafei Mansour A. , Al-Asseel Ahmed K. , Adab Abdulhadi M. , Al-Jama Hasan A. , Al-Tuwailib Amer A. , Shen Shouwen X.
Published: August 2016

Catalyst deactivation is a well-recognized phenomenon in the petroleum and chemical processing industries. Identifying the root causes of this phenomenon is an important factor for enhancing catalyst efficiency and preventing undesirable failures. In this study, state-of-the-art instruments were utilized to investigate the causes of catalyst deactivation that led to the replacement of the catalyst bed in one of the sulfur recovery units at a Saudi Aramco gas plant. Titania catalysts have been examined to determine the inherent deactivation mechanism and also to find out the possibilities of its curement. Understanding the root cause of the deactivation is mandatory for field engineers to minimize future catalyst deactivation. The collected analysis data revealed that the deactivation mechanism occurred for the Ti catalyst due to irreversible chemical phase transformation of the catalyst caused by a temperature runway in the catalytic converter.
Roteiros turístico-culturais na Serra Gaúcha (RS-Brasil): escolha e formação dos percursos e seu apelo histórico memorial
Authors: César Pedro de Alcântara Bittencourt
Published: August 2016

No estudo da estrutura viária de assentamento colonial da Serra Gaúcha analisa-se a relação da mesma como formadora dos roteiros de turismo cultural. Região estabelecida por ostensivo processo de migração europeia que apresenta no seu assentamento possibilidades históricas e econômicas definidas por suas redes viárias. Assim, tais roteiros são justificados com elementos memoriais das colônias de migração. Nesta pesquisa, adota-se, como método, uma lógica histórico-genética onde realiza-se um levantamento cartográfico dessas redes no assentamento colonial nas pioneiras localidades de ocupação. Sabe-se que o apoderamento ocorreu no segundo quartel do século XIX auxiliando na formação das colônias de Caxias, Conde D’Eu e Dona Isabel (núcleos originários dos municípios de Caxias do Sul, Garibaldi e Bento Gonçalves), todos localizados no nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul. O reconhecimento favorece estudos regionais, a identificação de novas formas de apropriação e a autenticação das lógicas espaciais, baseado na teoria da localidade. Seu resultado possibilita diagnóstico posterior acerca dos recursos do turismo cultural e sua estrutura regional.
Percurso interpretativo do centro histórico Cáceres/MT, para fins turísticos e de educação patrimonial
Authors: Silva Marcela de Almeida , Neves Sandra Mara Alves da Silva , Neves Ronaldo José , Arruda Renato Fonseca
Published: August 2016

Objetivou-se elaborar um percurso interpretativo para o Centro Histórico de Cáceres/MT, que possa servir como produto turístico, bem como recurso didático para atividades voltadas à educação patrimonial. Utilizou-se pesquisas bibliográfica, documental e de campo, havendo registro fotográfico e coleta de coordenadas geográficas com DGPS. Os dados obtidos em campo foram espacializados, e associados com informações textuais, possibilitaram a geração dos produtos: carta-imagem, mapa temático e folder de bolso. Para validação do percurso de visitação este foi realizado três vezes, com visitantes (turismo de evento) e escolares da rede pública, sendo que ao final do percurso os visitantes avaliaram o trajeto percorrido, bem como a relevância das informações histórico-culturais de doze locais de paradas, sendo que as contribuições ofertadas por estes na avaliação foram incorporadas à proposta. Face às avaliações realizadas pelos segmentos alvos da proposta concluiu-se que o produto elaborado contribui no desenvolvimento das atividades turísticas e educacionais, evidenciando o papel fundamental que Cáceres desempenhou para a demarcação e defesa da fronteira entre as colônias de Portugal e Espanha, 1778. O produto gerado foi com intuito de atender a uma das fases da ação extensionista intitulada “Sistema de informação turística geográfica de Cáceres/MT: subsídios ao planejamento e desenvolvimento local”, financiado pela Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Mato Grosso - FAPEMAT.
Percepção do uso de sites de compras coletivas ao adquirir cupons de serviços turísticos
Authors: Mendes Filho Luiz , Jorge Vanessa Araújo , Sena Júnior Otávio Bezerra de
Published: August 2016

As tecnologias trouxeram novas formas de negócio como foi o caso dos sites de compras coletivas, que são basicamente uma forma de vender na Internet que permite aos consumidores comprar produtos e serviços a preços mais baixos. O presente trabalho analisou a percepção do viajante sobre o uso de sites de compras coletivas para adquirir cupons de serviços turísticos. A pesquisa apresenta caráter quantitativo – exploratório com a utilização do Modelo de Aceitação Tecnológica, para servir de base teórica para verificar a utilização dos sites de compras coletivas para adquirir cupons de serviços turísticos durante uma viagem. Foram coletados 60 questionários válidos com estudantes de uma universidade pública federal do nordeste brasileiro. Utilizou-se um levantamento de dados do tipo survey, com uma amostra não-probabilística por conveniência. Por se tratar de um estudo piloto com uma amostra pequena, os resultados foram verificados através da Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (MEE), utilizando a técnica Partial Least Squares (PLS). A partir da análise, verificou-se que a maioria das pessoas que responderam aos questionários utilizam sites de compras coletivas para adquirir cupons de serviços turísticos. Porém, de acordo com os resultados obtidos, os sites de compras coletivas podem não ser ferramentas fáceis que o ajudem na tomada de decisão em adquirir serviços turísticos.
Marcel Mauss e a historiografia cultural: um resgate contemporâneo
Authors: Cavenaghi Airton José
Published: August 2016

Este artigo discute Marcel Mauss como sujeito histórico. Essa discussão baseia-se em perceber suas ideias nas ideias de outros pensadores do período tais como, Lévi-Strauss (2004), Stockingjr (2004); Montandon (2011); Castro (2005) e Martins (2005). Busca assim, analisar o contexto de produção de seu “Ensaio sobre a Dádiva” e como suas ideias se articulam na formação e interpretação das sociedades humanas. Utiliza-se a historiografia para a interpretação dos diversos tempos e produções históricas analisadas, além da inter-relação entre teoria e prática aplicada na compreensão do cotidiano histórico. Para tanto, busca resgatar e perceber as “dimensões” da hospitalidade na sua concepção inicial e no mundo atual, além da ideia de “permanência”, discutida e propagada pela historiografia contemporânea.
A regulamentação da atividade de condução de visitantes nos Sistemas Estaduais de Unidades de Conservação do Brasil
Authors: Nascimento Cristina Alves , Canto-Silva Celson Roberto , Melo Ismail Barra Nova de , Marques Silvio César Moral
Published: August 2016

Além de conservar a biodiversidade, as Unidades de Conservação devem promover o uso público em contato com a natureza, auxiliando no incremento dos recursos econômicos da área, aproximando a sociedade da natureza e fomentando sua utilização sustentável. No Brasil, há normas do Ministério do Meio Ambiente e do Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade que regulamentam a condução de visitantes em Unidades de Conservação Federais. Resta saber como a atividade é normatizada nas demais esferas do Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação. Assim, este artigo objetivou identificar as bases legais para a condução de visitantes nas Unidades de Conservação Estaduais e avaliar a aderência destas às diretrizes do Ministério do Meio Ambiente. A metodologia constituiu-se na pesquisa documental e no levantamento das bases legais, realizados através de visitas a sítios eletrônicos e envio de e-mails aos órgãos gestores estaduais. A aderência das regulamentações às diretrizes foi realizada através da avaliação do atendimento ou não às mesmas. Foram encontradas bases legais em 18,5% das unidades federativas do Brasil, sendo que apenas no Espírito Santo e no Rio de Janeiro são atendidas a quase totalidade das diretrizes. Conclui-se que há um longo caminho a ser percorrido na criação de normas e procedimentos que incentivem, concomitantemente, a visitação acompanhada de condutores qualificados e a conservação da biodiversidade. Recomenda-se o maior empenho dos órgãos gestores estaduais na elaboração destas bases legais, promovendo melhorias no desenvolvimento da atividade e na sensibilização da sociedade.