bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect for Micro-Transformer Using Different Substrate Materials
Authors: Hou Xiao Wei , Liu Shi Bin , Chang Jie
Published: October 2011

The main function of the substrate is to sustain and improve the performance of the thin-film. The property and surface configuration of the substrate material have a huge influence on the characteristics of the thin-film. Fabrication of substrate for the micro-transformer can choose a variety of materials, including the silicon, metal, glass, quartz, ceramics, plastics, polymer, etc. Different materials used as substrate have different effects on voltage gain and insertion loss of the transformer. At present, the silicon is used in most cases for its excellent properties. However, it is increasingly found that there exists some problems to gain better performance, such as the parasitic effect. And so, to employ other materials is essential. This paper discusses the effects induced by using different substrate materials. Through the analysis, a general cognition about how to choose the materials can be obtained, which is helpful to design and fabrication of the micro-transformer.
Ensemble Pruning for Data Dependant Learners
Authors: Zhang Gang , Zhan Shan Hong , Wang Chun Ru , Cheng Liang Lun
Published: October 2011

Ensemble pruning searches for a selective subset of members that performs as well as, or better than ensemble of all members. However, in the accuracy / diversity pruning framework, generalization ability of target ensemble is not considered, and moreover, there is not clear relationship between them. In this paper, we proof that ensemble formed by members of better generalization ability is also of better generalization ability. We adopt learning with both labeled and unlabeled data to improve generalization ability of member learners. A data dependant kernel determined by a set of unlabeled points is plugged in individual kernel learners to improve generalization ability, and ensemble pruning is launched as much previous work. The proposed method is suitable for both single-instance and multi-instance learning framework. Experimental results on 10 UCI data sets for single-instance learning and 4 data sets for multi-instance learning show that subensemble formed by the proposed method is effective.
Heuristics for Domain-Independent Planning: A Survey
Authors: Liang Rui Shi , Huang Min
Published: October 2011

Increasing interest has been devoted to Planning as Heuristic Search over the years. Intense research has focused on deriving fast and accurate heuristics for domain-independent planning. This paper reports on an extensive survey and analysis of research work related to heuristic derivation techniques for state space search. Survey results reveal that heuristic techniques have been extensively applied in many efficient planners and result in impressive performances. We extend the survey analysis to suggest promising avenues for future research in heuristic derivation and heuristic search techniques.
Improved Genetic Algorithm of Vehicle Routing Problems with Time Window for Military Logistic Distribution
Authors: Zhang Zhi Gang , Gong Yan Cheng
Published: October 2011

By changing the constrain conditions of delivery time windows and vehicle capacities to objective function, A vehicle scheduling model was built up based on minimum length of total transportation distance, which included penalty function terms of time window and vehicle capacity constrains, and the model characteristics and application prospects was analyzed. A improved Genetic Algorithm program was put forward to solve the model, in which a chromosome coding suitable to describe delivery routes was designed, a suitable-degree function was proposed, and a reproduction operator, a crossover operator and a mutation operator were constructed. An example was given to demonstrate feasibility of the algorithm. The study indicates that the Algorithm has higher algorithm efficiency and can effectively solve vehicle scheduling problems of military distribution centers.
MRCluster: Mining Constant Row Bicluster in Gene Expression Data
Authors: Miao Miao , Shang Xue Qun , Liu Jia Cai , Wang Miao
Published: October 2011

Biclustering is one of the important techniques for gene expression data analysis. A bicluster is a set of genes coherently expressed for a set of biological conditions. Various biclustering algorithms have been proposed to find biclusters of different types. However, most of them are not efficient. We propose a novel algorithm MRCluster to mine constant row biclusters from real-valued dataset. MRCluster uses Apriori property and several novel pruning techniques to mine biclusters efficiently. We compare our algorithm with a recent approach RAP, and experimental results show that MRCluster is much more efficient than RAP in mining biclusters with constant rows from real-valued gene expression data.
Parameter Identification and Harmonic Analysis for EV Induction Motor Drive Systems
Authors: Zhou Xi Wei , Wang Gui Ping , Duan Chen Dong , Wu Chun Ling
Published: October 2011

The asynchronous induction motor has obtained more applications in electric vehicle (EV) or hybrid EV drive systems. But, the parameter’s variations of the motor and the harmonics of the voltage source inverter are the two problems influence control performance of EV Drive Systems. Above all, this Paper discusses several main factors which influence harmonics elimination, and then, describes an effective online method for identifying both stator and rotor resistance. The novel method uses Suboptimal Multiple Fading Extended Kalman Filter (SMFEKF) which is a kind of strong tracking filters can accomplish Parameter Identification. An important advantage of this method is that it offers a parallel search way can overcome local optima so as to find the globally optimal solution. Together with harmonic elimination Algorithm which improved the power factor of the drive and weaken the injected low-order harmonics to the induction motor, robust speed control of induction motor can obtained easily. The simulative results confirm that the proposed method has efficiency to EV Drive Systems.
Research on Power Adaptive Control Method for Hydraulic Motor Grader Based on Simulink/AMESim
Authors: Zhao Rui Ying , Wang Xin
Published: October 2011

A method of power adaptive control for hydraulic motor graders is provided, including the dynamic regulation methods of pump and motor and realization algorithms related. The simulation models of hydraulic transmission system and the control system are established in AMESim and Simulink respectively. By using these two softwares, the models are co-simulated. The co-simulation results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the control system.
Research on Uplink Channel Estimation Method in TD-LTE System
Authors: Sun Cui Zhen , Zeng Zhao Hua
Published: October 2011

LTE is a long term evolution scheme of 3GPP, as a using extensively communication standards, it has higher data rate and higher quality. Channel estimation plays a quite important role in the LTE system which requires the high data rate and quality. In the article, based on the analysis of the LS and MMSE algorithms of the LTE system, a advised algorithm is adopted. The pilot signal is processed before the channel estimation by reducing noise in time domain. The simulation results demonstrate that the advised algorithm is a preferable choice in estimation performance, simultaneously; the advised has obviously reduced the algorithm complexity.
Semi-Physical Simulation System for FMCW Radar
Authors: Chen Wen Hui , Meng Xin Xi , Liu Xiao Min
Published: October 2011

In order to process and analyze the signal of frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar, a radar semi-physical simulation(RSPS) system based on STM32F103VE6 chip is designed in this paper. By designing the hardware and software of system, the RSPS system can process the radar signal, detect the target, verify the data process algorithm and display the result on TFT-LCD screen. In addition, the collected data can be uploaded to PC by RS-232 interfaces which improves the reliability, stability and practicability of system. The waveform and spectrum maps are utilized to show the feasibility of RSPS system in analysing FMCW radar signal. Experimental results show that this system has many advantages, such as multifunction, low power consumption and low cost.
Study on Double-Drum Roller Maximum Braking Deceleration
Authors: Wang Yong Qi , Gu Hai Rong , Li Chang Ming
Published: October 2011

Reducing start and stop time is important in enhancing productivity of double roller and compact quality of asphalt pavement, but it is difficult in confirming the max braking deceleration or starting acceleration of double-drum roller. Dynamic analysis is used and a mathematic model of double roller is established. Based on the model, the factors which affect the max braking deceleration is studied, such as braking force from hydraulic travel system, the adhesive force from ground, the inertia force from machine itself. And the max braking deceleration equation is obtained which consider the entire factors. The result indicates that drum inertia affects the max braking deceleration of double drum roller notable, and should be taken into account during design procedure and control program.
Study on Urban Intersection Traffic Flow Forecasting and Traffic Signal Control
Authors: Ju Yong Feng , Wei Xiao Wei
Published: October 2011

Short-traffic flow forecasting is an important part of ITS, and its accuracy and real-time is directly related to the effect of traffic control and traffic induce. Gathering and analyzing the real-time data of urban road network ,short-time traffic flow forecasting could estimate the state of traffic flow for a few minutes in future and provide support to intelligent transportation control, so it is one of the important premise for ITS.
Study of Static Wind-Induced Effects on Residential Complex
Authors: Peng Xing Qian , Qiao Chang Gui , Chen Yan Hong
Published: October 2011

The wind interference characteristic of six buildings in two rows under different spacing (including Sx、Sy ) was Systematically studied by wind-tunnel experiment and numerical simulation. The average wind pressure coefficient and interference factor of the surfaces of each building in the residential district form was obtained, and the results can be provided as reference to the wind-resistant design of residential district.
Study on Mass Concrete Slab Construction Technology of Dalian World Finance Center
Authors: Zhang Guo Jun , Li Hong Nan , Shi Cai Qian
Published: October 2011

Through the research on the mass concrete slab construction technology of Dalian World Finance Center, this paper has systematically summarized the integrated construction technology of super high-rise mass concrete slab, including key issues such as mix design technology, pouring time selection, construction elements and temperature testing technology. The one-time continuous pouring of 8000m3’s concrete requires about 66 hours and no temperature cracks appear in the concrete surface. A number of similar engineering practices indicate that the maximum adiabatic temperature rise is mainly subjected to the control of concrete mix composition and internal and the temperature difference between inside and outside is mainly controlled by the moisture and insulation measures, which are the two major critical factors controlling mass concrete slab temperature cracks, providing references to future similar mass concrete construction.
Study on the Width of Turbulent Area around Pier with Ship Impact
Authors: Liu Xiao Ping , Qian Dong Yue , Fang Sen Song , Zhang Yang
Published: October 2011

Most papers focused on the hydraulic conditions and seldom took the factor of ships into consideration when they studied the impacts of navigation-turbulence around bridge pier upon clear width. This paper establishes a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model by using dynamic meshes of the software Fluent. How the ship affects the turbulence pattern of pier is analyzed, and the relationship of span wise distance between ship and pier as well as the change of force on ship over time is studied when the ship passing through the bridge. The results show that both the lateral flow in front of pier and the turbulent flow behind it could result in a force upon ship. The magnitude of the force is related to the distance between ship and bridge. The motion of ship can increase the weaving amplitude of pier wake and the width of turbulent area after it passes through the bridge.
Capillary Hysteresis Internal Variable Model of Unsaturated Soils
Authors: Li Hu An , Wang Qin Xiang , Yang Yong Xiang , Zhu Ge He , Wang Long Xin , Zhang Zhan Yin
Published: October 2011

Soil-water characteristic curve describes the relationship between suction and volumetric water content of unsaturated soils. Air-enter have great influence on the drying scanning curves while the starting points of the scanning curve were at the highly saturated range. Based on capillary hysteresis internal variable model and conventional soil-water characteristics theory of unsaturated soils, a modified model which can simulate soil-water characteristic relationship that could consider the influence of air-enter is proposed. The influence of the air-enter on the drying scanning curves while the starting points were at the highly saturated range could be considered while this model is used. Numerical calculations are carried out on several kinds of soils. The simulating results show that the modified model is able to simulate the drying scanning curves while the starting points of the scanning curve were at the highly saturated range better than the capillary hysteresis internal variable model does.
An Experimental Research and Analysis of the Law of Explosive Stress Wave Propagation of Cylindrical Charge
Authors: Jiang Xiang Yang , Yan Shi Long , Liu Wei
Published: October 2011

The study obtains the parameters of the formula of pressure caused by cylindrical charge’s explosive shock wave through experiments in a pool firstly. Through testing cylindrical charge exploding in concrete specimen, the study then gets blasting strain wave’s propagation law and formula’s parameter of exploding cylindrical charge in concrete specimen.
The Acute Toxicity of Single and Combined Exposure of Mercury and Bromoxynil on Fridericia Bulbosa
Authors: Yang Dao Li , Zhu Jiang , Shen Gen Xiang , Wang Wen Hua , Guo Xiao Pin , Wang Zhen Qi , Yao Hong Wei
Published: October 2011

The acute toxic effects of mercury (Hg) and bromoxynil (BX) on Enchytraediae Fridericia bulbosa in OECD soil were investigated. The results suggested there was statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between negative controls and exposure experiments except the lowest concentration of single pollutant. The 14-d LC50 values for F. bulbosa exposed to Hg and BX were 0.73 and 0.48 mg kg-1, respectively. The concentration of BX significantly influenced to the mortality of earthworms by Hg，and BX was the main contributive factor of the combined toxic effects. The interactive effects between Hg and BX were synergistic when the concentrations of BX were 0.25 and 1 mg kg-1. While BX concentration was 4 mg kg-1, the interactive effects were antagonistic. It can be concluded that F. bulbosa is a suitable test species to measure the acute toxicity of HM and pesticide, and the morality may be considered as a valuable and sensitive biomarker diagnose adverse effects of Hg or BX in soil environment.
Research on Vortex-Induced Vibration Behavior of Steel Arch Bridge Hanger
Authors: Bai Ling , Liu Ke
Published: October 2011

A fluid-structure interaction numerical simulation technique based on CFD has been developed to study the vortex-induced vibration behavior of steel arch bridge hanger. Above all, wind acting on bridge hanger is simulated by using Flunet and then vortex-induced dynamic motion of hanger is solved by method in the User Defined Function (UDF). Finally hanger’s transient vibration in wind is achieved by dynamic mesh method provided by Fluent. Using this technique, the vortex-induced vibration behavior of hanger of the Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge is analyzed, including vibration amplitude, vibration-started wind speed and vortex shedding frequency. The study also considers influences of different section type (rectangle, chamfered rectangle and H) of hanger. The following conclusions are obtained. Firstly hanger of different section has different vibration behavior. Secondly vibration-started wind speed of different section hanger differs with each other. Thirdly relation between vibration amplitude and incoming wind speed varies obviously. At the same time, numerical results are compared with those of one wind tunnel test and the out coming is satisfied. Relation between vibration amplitude and wind speed in both numerical simulation and wind tunnel test is similar because vibration-started wind speed in numerical result has only 10% discrepancy with that in wind tunnel test while vibration amplitude’s discrepancy is only 15%. Consequently, analysis results show the reliability of this numerical simulation technique.
Surface Morphology and Structural Properties of Silver Thin Films Prepared on Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Substrate by Screen Printing Technique
Authors: Ali M.K.M. , Ibrahim Kamarulazizi , Mkawi E.M. , Pakhuruddin M.Z.
Published: October 2011

In this work, different thicknesses of silver (Ag) thin films were prepared on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic substrates by screen printing technology. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize morphology and surface roughness of the Ag thin films. Crystallinity and crystallites sizes of the films were verified on High resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) system. From the AFM, rough surfaces were revealed with root mean square surface roughness (RMS) ranging from 20 to 40 nm for different thicknesses of the films and were found to be strongly dependent on the film thickness. The HR-XRD spectra showed different crystalline orientations of Ag thin films (with various thicknesses) produced by the screen printing technique. All the experimental findings were subsequently discussed.
Investigation on Annealed CNTs to the Electrical and Optical Properties of Nanocomposited MEH-PPV: CNTs Thin Film
Authors: Mohamad Saad Puteri Sarah , Mohd Hazrin Zainal , Zahid Fazlinashatul Suhaidah Binti , Zulkifli Zurita , Bakar Suriani Abu , Rusop Mohamad
Published: October 2011

Our research focused on the organic semiconductor layer of MEH-PPV blend CNTs to investigate the electrical and optical properties with different composition ratio of CNTs. The composition ratios are from 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 wt%. The solvent used for dissolving the MEH-PPV is toluene which is an aromatic solvent. The CNTs are annealed before mixing it to the MEH-PPV solution at 450 οC for 30 minutes. This is to ensure that all of the impurities in the CNTs are totally removed. After blending the CNTs with the MEH-PPV, the nanocomposite is then deposited on a glass substrate by spin coating technique. The optical properties of the thin film were characterized by using UV-VIS spectrometer to analyze the absorbance and transmittance of the thin film. The electrical properties characterization is done using two point probes to measure the current in dark and under illumination condition. The highest value of conductivity is at 4 wt% concentration of CNTs with 0.02738 Sm-1. It can also be observed that the thicknesses of the thin films decreased from 0 wt% to 4 wt%. The highest value of absorbance is at 0 wt% with the value of 0.35. The absorbance peak tends to shift to a shorter wavelength with respect to the main absorbance (0 wt %) as reference sample. Transmittance of the thin film showed improvement from 40 to 70 T%.
Catalytic Activity and Physical Properties of Nanoparticles Metal Supported on Bentonite for Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol
Authors: Hamzah Noraini , Wan Isahak Wan Nor Roslam , Adnan Nadia Farhana , Nordin Nor Asikin Mohamad , Kassim Mohamad Bin , Yarmo Mohd Ambar
Published: October 2011

Catalysts prepared from a variety of noble metal (Os, Ru, Pd and Au) supported on bentonite using impregnation method were studied and it found these series catalyst system gave different activity and selectivity. Among these catalysts, Os/bentonite and Ru/bentonite catalyst showed high activity in glycerol hydrogenolysis reaction at 150°C, 2.0 MPa initial hydrogen pressure for 7 hours. TEM analysis revealed that these nanometal particles catalyst have different in size and result showed that Os and Ru which have smaller average size in range 1-3 nm gave high activity which are 54.1% and 61.2% respectively. In contrast, less activity was obtained when using Pd/bentonite (29.0%) and Au/bentonite (27.8%) catalyst and TEM result showed that Pd and Au nanoparticles have large average particles size (8-10) nm. NH3-TPD analysis revealed that Ru/bentonite and Os/bentonite catalyst gave high total acidity and this behaviour contribute to high activity of the catalyst. This study revealed that size of nanoparticles and catalyst acidity play an important role in the activity and selectivity in glycerol hydrogenolysis reaction. These catalysts were also characterized by BET, XRD and XPS in order to get some physicochemical properties of the catalyst.
Novel Method: Coral Like Structure of Align Carbon Nanotubes (A-CNTs) on Porous Silicon Template (PSiT) without Catalyst; Green Approach
Authors: Asli N.A. , Abu Bakar Suriani , Shamsudin Muhammad Salleh , Yusop S.F.M. , Mahmood Mohamad Rusop , Abdullah Saifollah
Published: October 2011

Align Carbon Nanotubes (A-CNTs) is very promising materials and offer attractive applications especially in opto-emission devices and nanoelectronic. Normally CNTs prepared by catalytic chemical vapor deposition using various types of template such as alumina, quartz, silicon and glass template. In this paper, Novel method was introduced to prepare A-CNTs which is combination between immersion and evaporation method. The align CNTs were successfully growth on Porous Silicon template (PSiT) without catalyst. Camphor oil is used as precursor and evaporation temperature is at 800 °C. The PSiT was prepared by photo-electrochemical anodization method. The surface morphology of PSiT layer and A-CNTs were studied using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM).While Raman spectroscopy will be carried out to study the degree of crystallinity or graphitization of A-CNTs. The growth mechanism will be discussed in this paper. Stubby A-CNTs was successfully growth with 30 nm diameter and 250 nm length on PSiT without metal catalytic process. Meanwhile, this novel technique was found that PSiT is an ideal template for growing A-CNTs without metal catalyst assisted. This novel technique was capable to obtained carbon nanotubes without metal catalyst assisted and improves their purity of product with low cost.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silicotungstic Acid Nanoparticles via Sol Gel Technique as a Catalyst in Esterification Reaction
Authors: Wan Isahak Wan Nor Roslam , Manal Ismail , Nordin Norasikin Mohd , Hamzah Noraini , Ghoreishi Khadijeh Beigom , Mohd Jahim Jamaliah , Yarmo Mohd Ambar
Published: October 2011

Glycerol monooleate (GMO) as an esterification product of oleic acid and glycerol is highly potential as an anti-friction substance in the engine lubricant. The purpose of this work is to study the synthesis, characterization and catalytic performance of solid heteropoly acid catalysts, namely silicotungstic acid bulk (STAB) and STA-silica sol gel (STA-SG). The activity and selectivity of STAB and STA-SG in the esterification reaction have been investigated and compared to the homogeneous catalyst i.e. sulphuric acid (H2SO4). The synthesized catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD, TEM, XPS and TPD-NH3. BET analyses shown that the STA-SG catalyst is very high in surface area compared to STAB of 460.11 m2/g and 0.98 m2/g, respectively. From the XPS analyses, there was a significant formation of W-O-Si, W-O-W and Si-O-Si bonding in STA-SG compared to that in STAB. The main species of O1s (90.74 %, 531.5 eV) followed by other O1s peak (9.26 %, 532.8 eV) were due to the presence of W-O-W and W-O-Si bonds, respectively. In addition, the ease of separation for STA-SG catalyst was attributed to its insoluble state in the product phase. The esterification products were then analysed by FTIR and HPLC. Both the H2SO4 and the STAB gave high conversion of 100% and 98%, while lower selectivity of GME with 81.6% and 89.9%, respectively. On the contrary, the STA-SG enabled a conversion of 94%, while significantly higher GME selectivity of 95% rendering it the more efficient solid acid catalyst.
Carbon Nanotubes Based Mixed Matrix Membrane for Gas Separation
Authors: Sanip S.M. , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi , Goh P.S. , Norrdin M.N.A. , Soga T. , Tanemura Masaki , Yasuhiko H.
Published: October 2011

Mixed matrix membranes (MMM) combine useful molecular sieving properties of inorganic fillers with the desirable mechanical and processing properties of polymers. The current trend in polymeric membranes is the incorporation of filler-like nanoparticles to improve the separation performance. Most MMM have shown higher gas permeabilities and improved gas selectivities compared to the corresponding pure polymer membranes. Carbon nanotubes based mixed matrix membrane was prepared by the solution casting method in which the functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (f-MWNTs) were embedded into the polyimide membrane and the resulting membranes were characterized. The effect of nominal MWNTs content between 0.5 and 1.0 wt% on the gas separation properties were looked into. The as-prepared membranes were characterized for their morphology using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The morphologies of the MMM also indicated that at 0.7 % loading of f-MWNTs, the structures of the MMM showed uniform finger-like structures which have facilitated the fast gas transport through the polymer matrix. It may also be concluded that addition of open ended and shortened MWNTs to the polymer matrix can improve its permeability by increasing diffusivity through the MWNTs smooth cavity.
Comparison of Different Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Estolides Synthesis from Oleic Acid
Authors: Nordin Nor Asikin Mohamad , Adnan Nadia Farhana , Hamzah Noraini , Wan Isahak Wan Nor Roslam , Ayatillah Alifee , Salimon Jumat , Yarmo Mohd Ambar , Kamaruddin Rose Aini
Published: October 2011

Different catalysts, namely various loading of perchloric acid on various supports; HClO4/silica (SiO2), HClO4/silica gel (SG) and HClO4/alumina (Al2O3) were tested for the direct addition reaction of oleic acid (OA) to form estolide compounds. The reactions were carried out under vacuum (2 mBar) for 10 hours at 70 °C under solvent-less conditions. LC-MS ToF of reaction products results showed chromatographic peaks for the presence of two new estolide compounds, oleic-oleic monoestolide acid (m/z 563.51, as [M-H]-), and oleic-oleic diestolide acid (m/z 845.77 [M-H]-). The optimum loading of HClO4 for every support are 15 wt.% HClO4/SiO2 (SiO215), 10 wt.% HClO4/SG (SG10) and 35 wt.% HClO4/Al2O3 (Al2O335). The SG10 turned out to be the best catalyst, achieving a final conversion of 97.5 % with 79.8 % selectivity to oleic-oleic monoestolide acid and 17.7 % selectivity to oleic-oleic diestolide acid. The activity and selectivity of the SG10 have been investigated and compared with homogeneous HClO4. The optimum catalysts for every support were characterized by XPS analysis, BET, TEM and TPD-NH3.
Characterization of SnO2 Nanoparticles Prepared by Two Different Wet Chemistry Methods
Authors: Haji Jumali Mohammad Hafizuddin , Noor J. Ridha , Umar Akrajas Ali , Yahya Muhammad , Salleh Muhamad Mat
Published: October 2011

Effects of synthesis techniques, namely sol gel method and direct growth method on the nanostructural and optical properties of SnO2 have been investigated. The XRD results confirmed that both samples are single phase SnO2. The crystallite size of SnO2 prepared by sol-gel and direct growth method were approximately 10 nm and 15 nm respectively. The FE-SEM micrographs displayed that SnO2 nanoparticles prepared by sol gel method exhibited a round shape with approximate particle size of 10 nm while the direct growth method produced SnO2 nanorod with length and width of 570 nm and 55 nm respectively. The direct Eg for both SnO2 nanospheres and nanorods are 3.98 eV and 3.94 eV respectively, Due to quantum confinement effect, both nanomaterials exhibited strong blue shift compared to bulk material with Eg of 3.6 eV.
Probing the pH Measurement of Self-Alligned Polysilicon Nanogap Capacitor
Authors: Nazwa Taib , Hashim U. , Nuzaihan M.N.
Published: October 2011

With their bright potential in effective sensing, nanogap capacitor show promise as a device to measure wider aspect of dielectric properties. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of nanogap capacitor in detecting the changes of pH measurement via Dielectric analyzer (C-V and C-F characterization) as its stables under each reading and repeatability. The purpose of this paper is to report on the fabrication and electrical characterization of nanogap device. We introduce the conventional lithographic combined with the size expansion technique for the transition from micro (3.13µm) to nanosized (42nm) gap. The evolution of gaps nanogap pattern expansions were verified by using SEM by controlling the dry oxidation time of device. Then, Ti/Au layer were deposited onto the final device for probing purpose. Different level of pH (3, 5, and 10) has been tested and conformed by repeating each test. About 10 µm of pH liquid were dropped using pipette in the middle of gap probing (2-wire measurements) is done on the Au pad fabricated on the nanogap device. 10 µm of pH liquid were dropped using pipette onto the target and the reading will be taken. Probing is done via dielectric analyzer on the couple of gold pad apart of the capacitive nanogap biosensor to investigate the effect of excitation frequency and voltage on capacitance sampling.
Optical and Structural Characterizations of GaN Nanostructures
Authors: Shekari Leila , Abu Hassan H. , Hassan Z.
Published: October 2011

In this paper, we have grown high-quality wurtzite GaN nanowires (NWs) on polished <111> silicon (Si) either with or without gold (Au) as catalyst, by thermal evaporation using commercial GaN powder in an atmosphere of argon (Ar) gas. Optical and structural characterizations were performed using photoluminescence (PL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and high resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD). Structural characterizations indicate that the nanowires are of single-crystal hexagonal GaN. By using catalyst the growth location and diameters of the NWs can be controlled. The NWs on the Si are of higher density, and the compositional quality of the grown NWs on the Si substrate is of pure GaN as compare to the Au-coated substrate.
Optimization Process for Producing Mesopores Activated Carbon Based on Hevea Brasiliensis Seed Coat Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Idris Mohd Nazri , Ahmad Zainal Arifin , Amin Zakaria Mohd , Ahmad Mohd Azmier
Published: October 2011

The conditions for the preparation of rubber (hevea brasiliensis) seed coat based activated carbon (RSCAC) treated with NaOH were optimized through response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of three preparation variables: the activation temperature, activation time and NaOH impregnation ratio (IR) on Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) removal from aqueous solutions and RSCAC yield were investigated. Based on the RSM, two quadratic models were respectively developed to correlate the preparation variables to the RBBR percentage removal and carbon yield. The significant factors on each experimental design response were identified from the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimum conditions for RSCAC preparation were obtained by using activation temperature of 700 °C, activation time of 1.0 h and IR of 1.0, which resulted in 70.82% of RBBR removal and 24.93% of RSCAC yield.
Effect of Annealing Temperatures on Nanostructure of NBT Ceramics Prepared via Sol Gel Method
Authors: Haji Jumali Mohammad Hafizuddin , Siti Mariam Mohamad , Awang Rozidawati , Yahaya Muhammad , Salleh Muhamad Mat
Published: October 2011

The effects of annealing temperatures on nanostructure of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT) ceramics prepared by sol gel method were investigated. Sol of NBT were synthesized using raw materials namely NaCH3COO, C6H9BiO6 and Ti (C4H9)4, while 2-methoxyethanol and glacial acetic acid were used as solvents. The sol of NBT was dried at 100°C for 24 hours, ground and subsequently annealed at three different temperatures namely 500°C, 600°C and 700°C for 2 hours. Microstructure and morphology of the ceramics were examined using XRD and SEM respectively. XRD revealed that the sample annealed at 500°C contains transient pyrocholore phase while materials annealed at higher temperatures has NBT as primary crystalline phase. The crystallite size dramatically increased from 10 nm to 80 nm with the rise of annealing temperatures. SEM micrographs confirmed the presence of irregular NBT nanoparticles with sizes of 50.0 nm and 80.0 nm for samples annealed at 600°C and 700°C respectively.
Synthesis and Characterization of MWCNT/CaCO3 Hybrid Compound
Authors: Mohd Saleh Siti Shuhadah , Hazizan Md Akil , Kudus Muhammad Helmi Abdul
Published: October 2011

In this work, the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique was used to synthesis the multiwall carbon nanotubes/calcium carbonate (MWCNT/CaCO3) hybrid compound. A gas mixture of CH4/N2 was used as the source of carbon and Ni/CaCO3 was used as catalyst for the growth of the hybrid compound. The catalyst was prepared using a mixture of nickel salt and CaCO3 via co-precipitation method. In short, the process involves the drying of the precipitate followed by calcinations at 900°C. Reduction process was carried under H2 at 400°C and growth in CH4/N2 mixture at 800°C for 30 minutes .The resulted compound was then analyzed using XRD, SEM and HRTEM. From XRD analysis the CNT/ CaCO3 was successfully synthesized. HRTEM micrographs support the formation of MWCNT on the CaCO3 surface.
The Optical Properties of Ammonia Treated TiO2 Nanostructure Prepared by Liquid Phase Deposition Method
Authors: Saad Siti Khatijah Md , Umar Akrajas Ali , Rahman Mohd Yusri Abd , Salleh Muhamad Mat
Published: October 2011

. TiO2 was known for its potential in solar cell and photocatalyst application. However the usage of anatase TiO2 in solar cell application has its own disadvantage as TiO2 spectrum was limited to ultraviolet (UV) light limiting its application. It was found that the broader optical absorption of TiO2 can be obtained by nitrogen doping. This paper report the optical properties study of ammonia treated TiO2 nanostructures with various percentage concentration of ammonia. The TiO2 nanostructures was prepared by liquid phase deposition (LPD) method using on ITO substrate and annealed at 450 °C for 1h. The TiO2 nanostructures were characterized with rod-like morphology with length and diameter of ca. 100 nm and ca. 100 nm respectively that vertically oriented on the surface. The optical properties of the samples exhibit strong band near the UV region. The optical properties drastically changed if the samples treated with ammonia, of which exhibit the present of broader absorption band in the visible region. The TiO2 treated ammonia should be find used in photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar cell application.
Comparison of Cobalt Based Catalysts Supported on MWCNT and SBA-15 Supporters for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis by Using Autoclave Type Reactor
Authors: Yakubov Adkham , Kutty M.G. , Siew Pei Lee , Shaharun Maizatul S. , Abd Hamid S.B. , Piven Vladimir
Published: October 2011

10 and 40 wt% Co/Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) and 10 and 40 wt% Co/Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA-15) catalysts were prepared via incipient wetness impregnation method. It was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, BET, X-ray Diffractometry (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Temperature-Programmed Reduction and H2 Desorption. A 200 ml hastelloy autoclave reactor was implemented to see the performance of the catalysts. It was observed that the performance of 40 wt% Co/SBA-15 was higher that other catalysts in terms of production of longer chain paraffins.
Enhanced Properties of Porous GaN Prepared by UV Assisted Electrochemical Etching
Authors: Ainorkhilah Mahmood , Naser Mahmoud Ahmed , Zainuriah Hassan , Yam Fong Kwong , Bakhori Siti Khadijah Mohd , Yusof Yushamdan , Chuah Lee Siang
Published: October 2011

The structural and optical properties of porous GaN films on sapphire (0001) prepared by UV assisted electrochemical etching were reported in this study. SEM micrographs indicated that the shapes of the pores for both porous samples are nearly hexagonal. As compared to the as-grown GaN films, porous layers exhibit a substantial photoluminescence (PL) intensity enhancement with red-shifted band-edge PL peaks associated with the relaxation of compressive stress. The shift of E2(high) to the lower frequency in Raman spectra of the porous GaN films further confirms such a stress relaxation.
Using RS Technology to Estimate Net Primary Production of Rangeland Ecosystem in HulunBuir of China
Authors: Wang Rui Jie , Yang Lian Wei
Published: October 2011

Net primary productivity (NPP) is an important indicator for vulnerability monitoring in arid ecosystem. Using MODIS remote sensing data and the improved solar energy efficiency, we estimated the NPP of grassland ecosystem of HulunBuir in 2006, and then output from the improved solar energy efficiency model was validated by the field survey data during growing season of 2006. Comparison of estimated NPP and field sampling NPP, the field sampling NPP was greater than estimated NPP, but there was better interdependency between the field sampling NPP and estimated NPP.The total NPP of grassland ecosystem in HulunBuir was 2.9×1013 gC/a in 2006, with an average of 261.01gC/m2•a. The average was the minimum in Xinbaerhuyou Banner, the maximum in Genhe. For the difference grassland types, lowland meadow was the maximum of unit area, the next was alpine meadow, and temperate steppe was the minimum.
Comparison of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Leaves, Husks and Pith of Corn Stalk
Authors: Dong Yu Fei , Lu Jie , Jin Hui , Yang Rui Feng , Yin Teng Fei
Published: October 2011

Corn stalk was divided into fractions by morphological characters, and the enzymatic hydrolysis of these fractions was investigated. Chemical composition and the proportions of cells of different compositions were very variable in different morphological structure fractions. This has a fundamental effect on the enzyme adsorption capability and hydrolysis performance. Cellulase, β-glucanase and xylanase were added to the husks, leaves, pith and whole stalks of cornstalks. The results of enzymatic hydrolysis of different morphological structure fractions of corn stalk were compared. It can be seen that the content of sugar degraded by β-glucanase is the highest. The fastest hydrolytic rate and the highest sugar content were obtained in the pith of corn stalks.
The Properties of β-Glucans from Different Fractions of Hull-Less Barley
Authors: Zheng Xue Ling , Li Li Min , Wang Qi
Published: October 2011

Crude β-glucans were prepared from hull-less barley roller-milled fractions by aqueous sodium carbonate ( pH10). β-Glucan preparations from hull-less barley roller-milled fractions had high purity (90.88-95.04%). The Mw of β-glucan preparations from roller-milled fractions was ranging from 117,600 to 852,400 g/mol, For the same hull-less barley cultivar, β-glucan from flour had higher Mw than shorts and bran, and β-glucan preparations from bran had the lowest Mw.
Research on Biomimetic Preparation Technology Based on Surface Microstructure of Shell
Authors: Xie Guo Tao , Bai X.Q. , Fan Hui , Guo Si Min , Xie Hao
Published: October 2011

In recent years, variety of environmentally friendly approaches has been studied for effectively controlling biofouling on marine structures. Research on shells surfaces that inhibit marine biofouling has attracted the attention of people. In this study, we take Dosinia japonica as biomimetic object, PDMS as negative material and E44 epoxy resin as positive material. The method of vacuum mixing and casting in zip lock bag was used to obtained biomimetic surface with the microstructure of shell surface. The microstructure of corresponding position was compared by using high resolution digital camera. The LI-3 contact surface profilometer was used to measure its surface morphology and then the data was processed through MATLAB wavelet analysis. Furthermore, the automatic contact angle measuring instrument was adopted to measure the contact angle for comparison. The results show that there are high similarities in multi-scale between resin biomimetic surface and Dosinia japonica surface. We accurately copied the microscopic structure of the shell surface whose hydrophobic performance was slightly better than the shells.
Research on the Non-Planarity about the Tensor Product of Graphs
Authors: Hu Yan Zhong , Jiang Nan , Wang Hua Dong
Published: October 2011

The main purpose of this paper is to study the non-planarity of a graph after the tensor product operation. Introduced the concept of invariant property of graphs concerning some operations. Proved the non-planarity of the graph K3,3 and graph K5 is preserved after the bipartite double cover operation. The main conclusion is that the non-planarity of a graph is a invariant property belonging to the bipartite double cover operation, and hence proved the non-planarity of a graph is preserved after the tensor product operation, and conversely, the planarity of a graph is not preserved after the tensor product operation.
Preparation of Eu (III) and Tb (III) Complex Materials
Authors: Tai Xi Shi
Published: October 2011

Two new Eu (III) and Tb (III) complexes material have been prepared by the reaction of Eu (III) and Tb (III) ions with 1-acetyl-2-naphthol-4, 4’-diaminodiphenylsulfone, respectively. The material was characterized by infrared and luminescent spectra. The results indicate that the Eu (III) and Tb (III) complexes material do not exhibit their characteristic luminescence emissions, and only exhibit the fluorescence emission of the ligand in solid. This may be due to the energy gap between the ligand triplet levels and the emitting level of Eu (III) or Tb (III) ions do not favor to the energy transfer process for Eu (III) or Tb (III) ions.
Effect of Color Shading-Nets on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Chieh-Qua Seedling
Authors: Song Shi Wei , Yi Ling Yan , Liu Hou Cheng , Sun Guang Wen , Chen Ri Yuan
Published: October 2011

With uncovered net as a control, the effect of color shading-nets (red net, blue net and silver net) and ordinary black net on growth and physiological characteristics of Chieh-qua (Benincasa hispida Cogn.var. chieh-qua How.) seedling were studied. The result showed that, shading-net covering reduced light intensity and temperature, and increased air humidity of the seedling environment, compared with the control. Shading-net covering increased plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and biomass of Chieh-qua seedling, among which covering of blue and silver shading-nets were superior to the others. Root/shoot ratio and strong seedling index were the biggest under blue net treatment, thus it indicated that blue net covering promoted seedling haleness. Specific leaf weight of Chieh-qua seedling was reduced by covering shading-net. In addition to silver net, leaf chlorophyll and carotenoids content were significantly increased by another 3 covering shading-nets. Relative conductivity (RC), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and peroxydase (POD) activity of Chieh-qua seedling leaf were significantly reduced by shading-net covering. This indicated that shading-net covering in seeding nursery alleviated the stress of intensive light and high temperature, and thus increased the integrated seedling quality. Blue shading-net performed the best among all covering shading-nets.
Numerical Simulation of Rock Fragmentation Process Induced by Two Disc Cutters
Authors: Man Lin Tao , Li Shou Ju
Published: October 2011

Rock fragmentation processes induced by two cutters were simulated by ABAQUS software with different cutter spacing. A series of numerical experiments reproduce the progressive process of rock fragmentation in indentation. The influence of different cutter spacing on the penetration process can also be clearly researched. Rock fragmentation process induced by two TBM disc cutters was performed using the finite element method. The simulation not only provided a realistic description of the rock fragmentation mechanism, but also supported the sufficient proof for the cutter spacing optimization between adjacent disc cutters for a given penetration depth. When the penetration is 6 mm, the cutter spacing optimization is 48 mm. The result shows that the numerical simulations will contribute to an improved knowledge of rock fragmentation in indentation and will be useful for performance assessment of TBM, which will enhance the efficiency of rock breaking.
Tribological Performance of AlN Nanoparticles as Lubricating Oil Additive
Authors: Wang Heng , Wang Yu Min
Published: October 2011

By using Four-ball test machine, the anti-wear and extreme pressure performance of the lubricating oil that contain the ceramics nanoparticles additives were investigated. With the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the worn surface is observed, and its tribological performance is studied. The experimental results show that nanoparticles additives can effectively improve extreme pressure and anti-wear performance of the lubricating oil, and the optimal concentration of it in the base oil is 3 wt%. With ZDDP additive contrast experiment show that under low-load and long time conditions, ZDDP additive is far inferior to nanoparticles additives, and containing AlN nanoparticles additives lubricating oil mainly happen Fatigue wear and scratch.
Circular Inclined Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Stub Columns Subjected to Axial Compression
Authors: Ren Qing Xin , Guo Jun Feng , Jia Lian Guang , Yu Shu Zhai
Published: October 2011

In order to find out the mechanics behaviors of the inclined CFST stub columns which are used in some real engineering projects, a series of tests are performed and a total of 6 specimens with circular section were experimented. The main parameters were the inclined angle (0 degree and 9 degree) and with or without infilling concrete. Comparisons between measured sectional strengths and predicted sectional strengths using the existing codes were made. The results show that the circular inclined CFST stub columns behaved in a ductile manner and all the codes were conservative and available for predicting the capacities of the specimens.
Study on Manufacturing Task Description Based on OWL-S in Manufacturing Grid
Authors: He Yuan , Hu Da Chao , Zhang Qi Ling
Published: October 2011

In manufacturing, the descriptions on manufacturing tasks are usually vague, incomplete and inconsistent in industry. The task model and its semantic description method are the guarantee of quality of service (QoS), also the foundation for further study of ontology-based service discovery and matching in manufacturing grid (MG). The definition and types of MG task are presented. The combination of ontology with MG study, in terms of analyzing basic classes in MG, and basic ontology classes, requirement model of service capacity and description mode of MG task are proposed. According to the description model of service capacity, the semantic description method for MG tasks is put forward.