bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolated Effect and Sensitivity of Agricultural and Industrial Waste Ca‐Based Stabilizer Materials (CSMs) in Evaluating Swell Shrink Nature of Palygorskite‐Rich Clays
Authors: Jalal Fazal E. , Jamhiri Babak , Naseem Ahsan , Hussain Muhammad , Iqbal Mudassir , Onyelowe Kennedy
Published: November 2021

This paper evaluates the suitability of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) and waste marble dust (WMD) on the geotechnical properties of Palygorskite‐rich expansive clays located in northwest Pakistan. These problematic soils exhibit undesirable characteristics which greatly affect the pavements, boundary walls, slab‐on‐grade members, and other civil engineering infrastructures. A series of geotechnical tests were performed on soil specimens using prescribed percentages of the aforementioned Ca‐based stabilizer materials (CSMs). The investigation includes X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X‐Ray Fluorescence (XRF) tests, and physicomechanical properties such as moisture‐density relationship, Atterberg’s limits, swell pressure, and an ANN‐based sensitivity analyses of overall swell pressure development. The outcomes of these experimental investigations showed that the addition of CSMs into the expansive soils increased to 4% SCBA and 10% WMD, the plasticity index reduced by 30% and 49%, the volumetric swell decreased from approximately 49% to 86% and 63%, and the swelling pressure reduction was from 189 kPa to 120 kPa and 160 kPa (about 15% and 36%), respectively. It is interesting to note that replacement with specified CSM accelerated the strength of soil at extended curing periods and the optimum improvement in the strength behavior of the soil was also recorded. Moreover, with addition of the respective CSMs, the compactability and strength characteristics were ameliorated, while plasticity was significantly lowered. Given the amount of SCBA and WMD produced annually, their utilization for the stabilization of problematic soils, even in relatively low concentrations, could potentially have a substantial impact on the sustainable reuse of these waste materials.
Experimental Study on Mudstone’s Strength Characteristics in Deep‐Buried Coal‐Measure Formation: A Case Study of Permian Longtan Formation
Authors: Li Ke , Yu Weijian , Xu Youlin , Lai Long , Zhang Hui , Xu Mengtang , Zhou Ze
Published: November 2021

To investigate the strength characteristics of mudstone in deep‐buried coal‐measure formation, four types of experiments have been conducted: (i) the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) test; (ii) the scanning electron microscope (SEM) scanning test; (iii) the point load strength index test; and (iv) the uniaxial compressive strength test. It was concluded that the mudstone of the deep‐buried coal measures in the Longtan Formation is dominated by chlorite, quartz, and albite using the XRD test, of which chlorite is primary, accounting for 74.3%. It was found that the three minerals in the mudstone are unevenly distributed using the SEM scanning test, albite is irregularly distributed in chlorite, and quartz is present in the albite and chlorite. Sixty‐five specimens were tested for the point load strength index. After processing the data using the method suggested by the International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering(ISRM), it was found that the maximum value of Is(50) was 6.10 MPa, the minimum is 0.14 MPa, and 53% of the specimens’ Is(50) values are below 2.0 MPa. The RMT‐150C rock mechanics testing machine was used to conduct uniaxial compression tests on six specimens. The maximum uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) value is 59.26 MPa, the minimum value is 31.77 MPa, and the average is 45.64 MPa. Linear fitting and logarithmic fitting are carried out for the correlation between UCS and Is(50). The goodness of fit R2 of the linear fitting is 0.863, and that of the logarithmic fitting is 0.919, indicating a strong correlation between them. When it is challenging to make standard specimens, Is (50) can be used to estimate UCS.
Roles of Therapeutic Bioactive Compounds in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Jain Divya , Murti Yogesh , Khan Wasi Ullah , Hossain Rajib , Hossain Mohammad Nabil , Agrawal Krishn Kumar , Ashraf Rana Azeem , Islam Muhammad Torequl , Janmeda Pracheta , Taheri Yasaman , Alshehri Mohammed M. , Daştan Sevgi Durna , Yeskaliyeva Balakyz , Kipchakbayeva Aliya , Sharifi-Rad Javad , Cho William C.
Published: November 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is due to poor prognosis and lack of availability of effective treatment. Novel therapeutic strategies will be the fine tuning of intracellular ROS signaling to effectively deprive cells of ROS‐induced tumor‐promoting events. This review discusses the generation of ROS, the major signaling their modulation in therapeutics. We explore some of the major pathways involved in HCC, which include the VEGF, MAPK/ERK, mTOR, FGF, and Ser/Thr kinase pathways. In this review, we study cornerstone on natural bioactive compounds with their effect on hepatocarcinomas. Furthermore, we focus on oxidative stress and FDA‐approved signaling pathway inhibitors, along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy enhancers which with early evidence of success. While more in vivo testing is required to confirm the findings presented here, our findings will aid future nonclinical, preclinical, and clinical studies with these compounds, as well as inspire medicinal chemistry scientists to conduct appropriate research on this promising natural compound and their derivatives.
International Normalized Ratio (INR) Increases amongst Two Patients Living with HIV on Warfarin after Being Switched from a Nevirapine to a Dolutegravir-Based Antiretroviral Regimen
Authors: Sang Natalie , Pastakia Sonak , Nyanje Samuel
Published: October 2021

The increased use of dolutegravir-based regimens in the treatment of HIV is unmasking drug interactions, particularly in patients who were previously on nevirapine. Nevirapine is an enzyme inducer and increases the dosing requirements for cytochrome P450 enzyme substrates including warfarin. Upon discontinuing nevirapine, close monitoring of drugs with narrow therapeutic indices is paramount since dosing requirements may significantly reduce, increasing the probability of toxicity development. We present two cases describing interactions experienced by patients living with HIV, while transitioning from nevirapine to dolutegravir-based HIV regimens. The first case describes a 70-year-old man living with HIV and diabetes, while the second case describes a 60-year-old woman living with HIV. They were diagnosed with unprovoked deep vein thrombi, and while receiving treatment with warfarin, their HIV medication regimen was changed from lamivudine, zidovudine, nevirapine, and septrin to lamivudine, tenofovir, dolutegravir, and septrin. During the weeks following this switch, warfarin requirements decreased resulting in supratherapeutic INRs. With the continued promotion of dolutegravir-based HIV regimens as the preferred option for the treatment of HIV in President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) supported HIV treatment programs in Africa, clinicians must be aware of the potentially life-threatening consequences of switching antiretroviral regimens. It is hoped that a greater awareness of this potential side effect could lead to increased monitoring and prevention of the consequences of drug interactions.
Enabling Decentralized and Dynamic Data Integrity Verification for Secure Cloud Storage via T-Merkle Hash Tree Based Blockchain
Authors: He Kai , Huang Chunxiao , Shi Jiaoli , Hu Xinrong , Fan Xiying
Published: November 2021

Cloud storage provides elastic storage services for enterprises and individuals remotely. However, security problems such as data integrity are becoming a major obstacle. Recently, blockchain-based verification approaches have been extensively studied to get rid of a centralized third-party auditor. Most of these schemes suffer from poor scalability and low search efficiency and even fail to support data dynamic update operations on blockchain, which limits their large-scale and practical applications. In this work, we propose a blockchain-based dynamic data integrity verification scheme for cloud storage with T-Merkle hash tree. A decentralized scheme is proposed to eliminate the restrictions of previous centralized schemes. The data tags are generated by the technique of ZSS short signature and stored on blockchain. An improved verification method is designed to check the integrity of cloud data by transferring computation from a verifier to cloud server and blockchain. Furthermore, a storage structure called T-Merkle hash tree which is built based on T-tree and Merkle hash tree is designed to improve storage utilization of blockchain and support binary search on chain. Moreover, we achieve efficient and secure dynamic update operations on blockchain by an append-only manner. Besides, we extend our scheme to support batch verification to handle massive tasks simultaneously; thus, the efficiency is improved and communication cost is reduced. Finally, we implemented a prototype system based on Hyperledger Fabric to validate our scheme. Security analysis and performance studies show that the proposed scheme is secure and efficient.
New Immunotherapy Combinations Enter the Battlefield of Malignant Mesothelioma
Authors: Aldea Mihaela , Benitez Jose Carlos , Chaput Nathalie , Besse Benjamin
Published: November 2021

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting mesothelin plus pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, have recently shown clinical efficacy in phase I trials in malignant pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma. Despite being tested in a highly selected patient population and requiring a complex engineering that can hardly be upscaled, CAR T cells combined with pembrolizumab bring the first proof of efficacy in cold solid tumors with low genomic heterogeneity, while atezolizumab–bevacizumab offers an easy-to-use combination of antiangiogenics and immunotherapy in an orphan disease.

See related article by Raghav et al., p. 2738.

See related article by Adusumilli et al., p. 2748.
Зміни показників пероксидного окиснення ліпідів за умови ліпополісахаридіндукованого пародонтиту без супутньої патології і на тлі хронічної тіолактонової гіпергомоцистеїнемії
Authors: Худан Р. І. , Корда М. М.
Published: November 2021

Активація пероксидного окиснення ліпідів (ПОЛ) відіграє значну роль у патогенезі генералізованого пародонтиту (ГП), зумовлюючи не лише порушення обмінних процесів, але й структурні зміни у тканинах пародонта. За різними даними, у 85–97 % випадків ГП поєднується із соматичною патологією, яка вносить істотну відмінність в етіопатогенез захворювань пародонта. Однією із таких патологій, що може ускладнювати перебіг ГП, є синдром гіпергомоцистеїнемії (ГГЦ).

Мета дослідження – встановити особливості пероксидного окиснення ліпідів у сироватці крові та гомогенаті пародонта щурів із ліпополісахаридіндукованим пародонтитом на тлі хронічної тіолактонової гіпергомоцистеїнемії.

Матеріали і методи. Досліди виконано на 48 статевозрілих білих щурах, яких поділили на такі групи: перша – контрольна група (n=12); друга – тварини з ліпополісахаридіндукованим пародонтитом (n=12); третя – щури з хронічною тіолактоновою ГГЦ (n=12); четверта – тварини з ліпополісахаридіндукованим пародонтитом на тлі ГГЦ (n=12). Інтенсивність ПОЛ визначали за вмістом гідропероксидів ліпідів (ГПЛ) та активних продуктів тіобарбітурової кислоти (ТБК-АП).

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Встановлено, що вміст ГПЛ у сироватці крові щурів із ліпополісахаридіндукованим пародонтитом збільшився на 52,8 % (р=0,004), а у тварин із ліпополісахаридіндукованим пародонтитом на тлі хронічної тіолактонової ГГЦ – у 2,2 раза (р<0,001) відносно контрольної групи. У гомогенаті пародонта вміст ГПЛ у тварин із ліпополісахаридіндукованим пародонтитом збільшився в 2,0 рази (р=0,002), а у щурів із поєднаною патологією – у 3,1 раза (р<0,001) відносно контрольної групи. Інтенсивність змін ТБК-АП була вищою відносно ГПЛ. Так, у тварин із ліпополісахаридіндукованим пародонтитом на тлі хронічної тіолактонової ГГЦ даний показник вірогідно зріс у 3,0 рази (сироватка крові) та у 4,4 раза (гомогенат пародонта) відносно контрольної групи, що на 54,5 та 51,1 % відповідно вірогідно перевищувало дані за умови ліпополісахаридіндукованого пародонтиту без супутньої патології.

Висновки. Ліпополісахаридіндукований пародонтит у щурів супроводжується вірогідним підвищенням інтенсивності процесів ПОЛ як у сироватці крові, так і в гомогенаті пародонта. Хронічна тіолактонова ГГЦ посилює оксидативний стрес за умови пародонтиту, на що вказують вірогідно вищі значення ТБК-АП у досліджуваних біологічних рідинах щурів із поєднаною патологією відносно тварин із ліпополісахаридіндукованим пародонтитом без супутньої патології.
El Romanticismo alemán y el drama
Authors: Alberti Miguel
Published: October 2021

El Romanticismo alemán se sirvió del drama con menos frecuencia y con menos éxito que los movimientos estéticos que lo precedieron. Pero existió un teatro romántico alemán y llegó a desarrollar una serie de características distintivas. En la medida en que estas características se analizan a la luz del programa del Romanticismo mismo, se pueden ver con algo más de claridad algunas de las posibles razones por las cuales los románticos alemanes no solo no produjeron gran cantidad de obras teatrales sino que tampoco encontraron en el teatro un vehículo apropiado para parte importante de su propuesta. El objetivo del presente artículo es llevar a cabo dicho análisis y reflexionar en torno a la naturaleza del drama alemán del Romanticismo y las razones de su desarrollo comparativamente menor.
Elastin-Like Polypeptide: VEGF-B Fusion Protein for Treatment of Preeclampsia
Authors: Waller Jamarius P. , Howell John Aaron , Peterson Hali , George Eric M. , Bidwell Gene L.
Published: November 2021

Preeclampsia is characterized by the development of elevated blood pressure during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy that is accompanied by end organ dysfunction. The pathogenesis of preeclampsia is multifactorial but is commonly characterized by endothelial dysfunction and the overproduction of antiangiogenic factors, including the soluble VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) receptor sFlt-1 (soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor 1). Previously, administration of exogenous VEGF-A, bound to a carrier protein called ELP (elastin-like polypeptide), significantly reduced free sFlt-1 levels and attenuated the hypertensive response in a rodent model of preeclampsia. However, VEGF-A administration induces multifactorial effects mediated through its direct activation of the Flk-1 receptor. In response to this, we developed a therapeutic chimera using ELP bound to VEGF-B, a VEGF isoform that binds to sFlt-1 but not to Flk-1. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity and pharmacological properties of ELP-VEGF-B and to test its efficacy in the reduced uterine perfusion pressure rat model of placental ischemia. ELP-VEGF-B was less potent than ELP-VEGF-A in stimulation of endothelial cell proliferation and matrix invasion, indicating that it is a weaker angiogenic driver. However, after repeated subcutaneous administration in pregnant rats, ELP-VEGF-B was maternally sequestered and reduced blood pressure when compared with saline treated animals following induction of placental ischemia (123.38±11.4 versus 139.98±10.56 mm Hg,
P
=0.0129). Blood pressure reduction was associated with a restoration of the angiogenic capacity of plasma from rats treated with ELP-VEGF-B. ELP-VEGF-B is a nonangiogenic, maternally sequestered protein with potential efficacy for treatment of preeclampsia.
Fecal Microbiome Composition Does Not Predict Diet‐Induced TMAO Production in Healthy Adults
Authors: Ferrell Marc , Bazeley Peter , Wang Zeneng , Levison Bruce S. , Li Xinmin S. , Jia Xun , Krauss Ronald M. , Knight Rob , Lusis Aldons J. , Garcia‐Garcia J. C. , Hazen Stanley L. , Tang W. H. Wilson
Published: October 2021

Background

Trimethylamine‐
N
‐oxide (TMAO) is a small molecule derived from the metabolism of dietary nutrients by gut microbes and contributes to cardiovascular disease. Plasma TMAO increases following consumption of red meat. This metabolic change is thought to be partly because of the expansion of gut microbes able to use nutrients abundant in red meat.

Methods and Results

We used data from a randomized crossover study to estimate the degree to which TMAO can be estimated from fecal microbial composition. Healthy participants received a series of 3 diets that differed in protein source (red meat, white meat, and non‐meat), and fecal, plasma, and urine samples were collected following 4 weeks of exposure to each diet. TMAO was quantitated in plasma and urine, while shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed on fecal DNA. While the cai gene cluster was weakly correlated with plasma TMAO (rho=0.17,
P
=0.0007), elastic net models of TMAO were not improved by abundances of bacterial genes known to contribute to TMAO synthesis. A global analysis of all taxonomic groups, genes, and gene families found no meaningful predictors of TMAO. We postulated that abundances of known genes related to TMAO production do not predict bacterial metabolism, and we measured choline‐ and carnitine‐trimethylamine lyase activity during fecal culture. Trimethylamine lyase genes were only weakly correlated with the activity of the enzymes they encode.

Conclusions

Fecal microbiome composition does not predict systemic TMAO because, in this case, gene copy number does not predict bacterial metabolic activity.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01427855.
What Does it Mean to Be Self-So?
Authors: Van Daele Raphaël
Published: October 2021

This article aims to understand Guo Xiang’s concept of self-so in the perspective of the metaphysical agenda of the Xuanxue movement. After reviewing the core features of this metaphysical agenda, I show that Guo Xiang’s original use of self-so could be understood as an exegetical tool to deal with the challenges addressed to language in the Zhuangzi, as well as with its conception of reality as ever-transforming. I attempt to show that although Guo Xiang dismisses the metaphysical quest for a first principle, his philosophy can nevertheless be read as an enquiry into the most fundamental feature of reality.
Gadamer’s Linguistic Turn Revisited in Dialogue with Cheng’s Onto-Generative Hermeneutics
Authors: Fuyarchuk Andrew
Published: October 2021

Gadamer’s linguistic turn has been criticized for eclipsing ontological grounds for truth by conflating the meaning of existence with history. Chung-ying Cheng’s recognizes the nihilistic implications of a ceaseless quest for meaning that cannot but perpetually slip away and in response, discloses the cosmo-ontological grounds that Gadamer’s interpretive acts presuppose. In so doing, Cheng initiates a theoretical appropriation and integration between Western philosophy and the Yijing tradition. However, Cheng also interprets Gadamer from a Heideggerian perspective without due regard to Plato. When Gadamer’s turn to language is understood in terms of his claim that Socrates removes the contradiction between the Pythagorean One and the many by studying the forms in language, then there is room in the said turn for temporalizing the meaning of Being in the dialogue form. It is through the dialectical interplay between the auditory and visual dispositions underlying orality and literacy, the two mediums in which human understanding is entangled for Gadamer, that the “creative” emerges in his thought from within and out of a prior historically effected consciousness that in the ﬁnal analysis attests to the universality of Cheng’s onto-generative hermeneutics.
Utilization of Data Analysis and Decision Support System in the Chinese General Hospitals
Authors: Yin Tianlu , Zhang Xinguo , Liu Zhijun
Published: October 2021

With the deepening of medical system reform, there are unprecedented challenges for China’s medical industry. In order to promote hospital core competitiveness, medical enterprises urgently need to be based on industry demand. The establishment of a unified data platform is an important aspect of this process, however the hospital’s data inherent characteristics, makes the effective management a difficult task. This difficulty creates a hurdle for the implementation of an integrated information technology. Considering these obstacles, opting an effective method of data collection, data analysis and data management has become a concern for hospital staff. The hospital data analysis and decision support system make full use of the massive data deposited in the existing digital information system of the hospital. This cannot only facilitate the manager to monitor the operation and management of the hospital, but also predict its future development direction based on the historical data. This article mainly focuses on the characteristics of hospital data analysis and decision support, and application. We studied the hospital’s data analysis and decision support system for advanced technology as our guide.
Carl Jung and the Psychedelic Brain
Authors: Clark Gary
Published: October 2021

In this essay, I outline an approach to analytical psychology based on the emerging disciplines of psychedelic neuroscience and psychedelic assisted therapies. During the 1950s Jung made brief comments on the use of psychedelics in traditional cultures and therapeutic contexts. I analyse these comments in the light of consequent research in the field. Contemporary psychedelic researchers are achieving impressive results in the treatment of mental illness and various forms of existential distress. A number of theories have been proposed to explain these results. In this essay, I will explore the idea that psychedelics facilitate a transition from our recently evolved secondary consciousness associated with the default mode network, to a more affect-based form of primary consciousness. I will also apply these findings to ethnographic accounts of traditional psychedelic use in Africa and Latin America, highlighting the usefulness of a Jungian approach to this material informed by psychedelic and evolutionary neuroscience.
Local Institutions at the Crossroads of Environmental Regionalism in Southeast Asia: State-Civil Society Interplays and Tensions
Authors: Contreras Antonio P.
Published: October 2021

This paper inquires into the implications of the different discursive imaginations on civil societies and the state from the perspective of the social sciences, particularly political science and international relations. It focuses on some interfaces and tensions that exist between civil society on one hand, and the state and its bureaucratic instrumentalities on the other, particularly in the domain of environment and natural resources governance in the context of new regionalisms and of alternative concepts of human security. There is now a new context for regionalism in Southeast Asia, not only among state structures, such as the ASEAN and the various Mekong bodies, but also among local civil societies coming from the region. It is in this context that issues confronting local communities are given a new sphere for interaction, as well as a new platform for engaging state structures and processes. This paper illustrates how dynamic are the possibilities for non-state domains for transnational interactions, particularly in the context of the emerging environmental regionalism. This occurs despite the dominance of neo-realist political theorizing, and the state-centric nature of international interactions.
The Third Sector Reform in Italy: an Opportunity for Matching Social Innovation and Youth Policies?
Authors: Raffini Luca , Reggiardo Anna , Pirni Andrea
Published: October 2021

Social innovation should represent a step forward activation policies, promoting a new balance between economic development and social cohesion, reducing inequalities and vulnerability. The Third sector is a privileged sphere of social innovation: there are many expectations on its ability to provide innovative answers to unaddressed social needs; one area of its intervention are youth policies. In Italy, the Third sector reform established new provisions on volunteering, civil service and social entrepreneurship, which should primarily benefit the youth. It allows to explore the double face of the Third sector transformation and of the European rhetoric on social innovation. On the one side institutions are trying to recognize emerging grass-root practices which combine social involvement, professional fulfillment and political action in order to respond new societal challenges. On the other side, the market is still fundamental in practices and discourses around social innovation, that maintain many contradictions of the activation policies.
Hydrologic Model Sensitivity to Temporal Aggregation of Meteorological Forcing Data: A Case Study for the Contiguous United States
Authors: Van Beusekom Ashley E. , Hay Lauren E. , Bennett Andrew R. , Choi Young-Don , Clark Martyn P. , Goodall Jon L. , Li Zhiyu , Maghami Iman , Nijssen Bart , Wood Andrew W.
Published: November 2021

Surface meteorological analyses are an essential input (termed “forcing”) for hydrologic modeling. This study investigated the sensitivity of different hydrologic model configurations to temporal variations of seven forcing variables (precipitation rate, air temperature, longwave radiation, specific humidity, shortwave radiation, wind speed, and air pressure). Specifically, the effects of temporally aggregating hourly forcings to hourly daily average forcings were examined. The analysis was based on 14 hydrological outputs from the Structure for Unifying Multiple Modeling Alternatives (SUMMA) model for the 671 Catchment Attributes and Meteorology for Large-Sample Studies (CAMELS) basins across the contiguous United States (CONUS). Results demonstrated that the hydrologic model sensitivity to temporally aggregating the forcing inputs varies across model output variables and model locations. We used Latin hypercube sampling to sample model parameters from eight combinations of three influential model physics choices (three model decisions with two options for each decision, i.e., eight model configurations). Results showed that the choice of model physics can change the relative influence of forcing on model outputs and the forcing importance may not be dependent on the parameter space. This allows for model output sensitivity to forcing aggregation to be tested prior to parameter calibration. More generally, this work provides a comprehensive analysis of the dependence of modeled outcomes on input forcing behavior, providing insight into the regional variability of forcing variable dominance on modeled outputs across CONUS.
State Antitrust Enforcement: Its’ Evolution and Future Direction
Authors: Maness Alan D.
Published: November 2021

State antitrust enforcement went through several dramatic changes from 1974 to 1982. This article charts its growth and decline during this period by measuring the number of actions filed by state antitrust programs, their funding and staffing. These measures indicate that state antitrust activity rapidly increased from 1974 to 1980 but has declined during the eighties because state antitrust programs lost federal funding and political support. This article also considers the changing focus of state antitrust enforcement by examining the type of defendant and substantive violation prosecuted, client represented, and relief sought in state antitrust actions. This examination shows that state antitrust enforcement shifted from multidistrict, treble damage suits against large, out-of-state enterprises to actions against small, in-state businesses.

To explain the political and fiscal forces that have shaped state antitrust enforcement, this article compares antitrust enforcement in states with appointed attorneys general to that in states with elected ones, and among states with different funding sources for their programs. Based on these comparisons, it is argued that state attorneys general can overcome state antitrust's present political and fiscal crisis by bringing more consumer damage (parens patriae) suits and using revolving funds to finance enforcement.

It is argued that state antitrust programs will make their greatest contribution to society by maximizing consumer welfare. They can do this by bringing actions against local price-fixers and bid-riggers, policing anticompetitive state regulation, and educating small businessmen and consumers about antitrust.

This article offers suggestions for ensuring the long-term fiscal stability of state antitrust, including cooperative efforts designed to increase enforcement efficiency and modifications in revolving funds.

The article concludes with the observation that state antitrust programs have provided a unique brand of locally oriented enforcement and this contribution will be lost unless state attorneys general act to achieve political and fiscal stability for these programs.
Allowing a Defence to Those Who Commit Crime Under Coercive Control
Authors: Elkington Amy
Published: November 2021

Abused women who are coerced to commit crime have no adequate legal defence. Historically, martial coercion may have been pled, but since its repeal and lack of replacement, abused women have been left without adequate protection in the criminal justice system. Duress would seem to be the logical defence in such a situation, but its construction by the courts means that women are still left with no defence. If a woman resists the coercion to commit crime, and instead protects herself against the abuse, she will equally have no suitable defence. Parliament were presented with the opportunity to rectify this problem when passing the Domestic Abuse Act 2021, but despite the Lords’ support, proposals were rejected by the Commons. Whilst research shows that crime committed under coercive control is not an insignificant problem, the current law does not protect some of the most vulnerable from prosecution.
Cognitive Load Theory: An Applied Reintroduction for Special and General Educators
Authors: Kennedy Michael J. , Romig John Elwood
Published: November 2021

There are numerous reasons why students with disabilities struggle in school. A key reason is professionals in the field may not pay enough attention to students’ overwhelmed cognitive capacity. Cognitive load theory explains that all humans have limited capacity at any given time to use their auditory, visual, and tactile inputs (independently or collectively) to acquire new information and store it in long-term memory. When available cognition is overwhelmed – which can be caused by any number of reasons – learning cannot occur. In this article, we introduce the key aspects of cognitive load theory and give specific examples of how special educators can use this information to shape their instruction to support students’ unique needs.
Clinicopathological features and prognosis of male breast cancer
Authors: Wang Xinli , Liu Shusong , Xue Yan
Published: October 2021

Objective

We aimed to describe the differences in clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival (OS) between male and female breast cancer patients, and to develop a prognostic nomogram to predict survival in patients with male breast cancer (MBC).

Methods

Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, we compared age, race, histological type, histological grade, tumor size, lymph node status, metastases, estrogen/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) and HER-2 status between male and female patients, and analyzed their relationships with OS. We established a nomogram and produced a calibration curve to observe its predictive effect.

Results

Age, race, T stage, N stage, bone and lung metastases, and histological type and grade differed between male and female patients. OS in male patients was related to age, tumor size, metastatic site, ER/PR status, and histological grade, but not to race or lymph node status. A nomogram was established, which showed good predictive performance for survival in MBC patients (area under the curve = 0.7).

Conclusion

MBC has a worse prognosis than female breast cancer, mainly characterized by late onset age, late staging, high proportion of invasive non-specific histological types, high histological grade, and luminal breast cancer.
Evaluation and Comparison of Stress Patterns and Teeth Displacement with Intrusion of Maxillary Posterior Segment by Skeletal Anchorage System (Infrazygomatic Crestal Bone Screw) and High Pull Headgear: A 3D Finite Element Study
Authors: Thakkar Malvi N. , Patel Dolly P. , Bhanat Sheron T.
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

In the last decades the application of the Finite Element Methodology (FEM) has become popular. It can calculate stresses and displacement in complex structures and can anticipate the tissue responses to orthodontic mechanics applied for treating different malocclusions. This study evaluated and compared the stress patterns and teeth displacement with application of 450g of intrusive force bilaterally on maxillary posterior segment utilizing a conventional old method, High-Pull Headgear (HPHG) and a newer method, Infrazygomatic Crestal Bone Screw (IZC-BS) using 3D-FEM.

Method:

A 3D-FEM model of the craniomaxillary segment with maxillary teeth was reconstructed from the Cone Beam Computed Tomographic image of a patient with class II div I malocclusion on class II skeletal base with anterior open bite and 450g of intrusive force was applied bilaterally on maxillary posterior segment utilizing HPHG and IZC-BS and stress patterns and teeth displacement were studied and compared.

Result:

Von Mises stresses on Zygomaticomaxillary, Zygomaticotemporal and Pterygomaxillary sutures and surface landmarks on maxillary, zygomatic, temporal and sphenoid bones were more pronounced and generalized for HPHG group. Intrusion, expansion and sagittal displacement of maxillary posterior segment were also more pronounced with HPHG group. Stresses weren’t present at the apical root areas of the maxillary posterior teeth for both the groups.

Conclusion:

On applying equal amount of intrusive force bilaterally to the maxillary posterior segment, stress patterns and teeth displacement were more pronounced and effective for HPHG group however; apical root areas of the maxillary posterior teeth in both the groups didn’t show any stresses.
Indian Board of Orthodontics Case Report: Management of Class II Skeletal Malocclusion Using 2-Phase Treatment
Authors: Devi T. Shobbana
Published: October 2021

KL, a 12-year-old boy, presented with a class II Div I malocclusion on a class II skeletal base (retrognathic mandible) with a 7-mm overjet and a horizontal growth pattern. He had a convex profile, incompetent lips, lip trap, deep mentolabial sulcus, everted lower lip, and positive visual treatment objective (VTO). KL had a CS2 cervical maturation stage, which indicates 65% to 85% adolescent growth remaining. Treatment involved growth modification using a removable Twin Block with midpalatal expansion screw. This was followed by upper and lower fixed appliance using 0.022” × 0.028” slot Mclaughlin Bennet and Trevisi (MBT) prescription. The retention protocol involved upper wrap around and lower lingual bonded retainer.
The Indigenous Dimension of the Intersocietal: Dussel, Exteriority and the Sámi People
Authors: Oksanen Aslak-Antti
Published: November 2021

Proponents of uneven and combined development (U&CD) as a theoretical approach to International Relations (IR) have presented it as providing the conceptual means for overcoming Eurocentrism. While the U&CD scholars have made valuable contributions to anti-Eurocentric IR scholarship, this article argues that U&CD has analytical limitations that impede its anti-Eurocentric potential. These limitations derive from U&CD’s reliance on the concepts of ‘development’ and the ‘whip of external necessity’, which require developmental ranking of societies and lock U&CD into a state-centric social ontology. To provide complementary conceptual resources to overcome U&CD’s analytical limitations, this article introduces Enrique Dussel’s liberation philosophy (LP), which can incorporate peoples other than states as agents and entities of global politics through its concept of ‘exteriority’. U&CD and LP are then jointly applied to analyse the relations between the Nordic states and the indigenous Sámi people to assess the approaches’ relative strengths and weaknesses and identify synergies between them. Based on this assessment, the article outlines the potential for synthesising a ‘thin’ version of U&CD with LP, by using the concept of ‘exteriority’ to reorient U&CD’s analytical focus towards people excluded by the states-system.
Wind speed modeling over complex terrain with the artificial neural network in the measure-correlate-predict technique: A case study of Malaysia
Authors: Kim Hwang Yong , Zamri Ibrahim Mohd , Ismail Marzuki , Najah Ahmed Ali , Albani Aliashim
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to create a Malaysian wind map of greater accuracy. Compared to a previous wind map, spatial modeling input was increased. The Genetic Algorithm-optimized Artificial Neural Network Measure–Correlate–Predict method was used to impute missing data, and managed to control over- or under-prediction issues. The established wind map was made more reliable by including surface roughness to simulate wind flow over complex terrain. Validation revealed that the current wind map is 33.833% more accurate than the previous wind map. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between wind map-simulated data and observed data was high as 0.835. In conclusion, the new and improved wind map for Malaysia simulates data with acceptable accuracy.
Marketisation and regional planning in neoliberal public services: Evidence from French hospitals
Authors: Umney Charles , Coderre-LaPalme Genevieve
Published: November 2021

Marxist scholarship has documented the implications of ‘neoliberal’ reforms to public services. This scholarship often considers these reforms as class projects which have disciplined working populations and created new opportunities for capitalist profit-making. But in this article, we shift emphasis to the internal dysfunction that shapes states’ pursuit of market-oriented policy agendas. We place closer focus on the specific levers through which marketising reforms are implemented, noting the conflicting pressures they unleash, and the cracks this may open through which a more democratic agenda can be advanced. Taking the French hospital sector as an example, we show how attempts to expand and intensify competition in public services have coincided with attempts to decentralise governance to the regional level. While ostensibly part of the same ‘reforming’ policy agenda, marketising policies have a strongly centralising logic which has in practice undermined efforts to develop meaningful regional planning. These institutional tensions have catalysed new political currents, as the relationship between public authorities and private sector actors has become more overtly conflictual. We argue that Marxist theorists of the state need to pay closer attention to the often dysfunctional relationship between different branches of the state, and that in the context of neoliberal public service reform, the tensions between central and regional states are particularly salient. We conclude that opponents of the marketisation of public services need to pay attention to the contested and ambiguous nature of ‘decentralisation’: while it is often a rhetorical cover for marketisation, there are opportunities for the left in demanding more meaningful and authentic forms of regional planning.
The Chilean economy, an analysis of the dynamics of profits, investments and production: A Marxist approach
Authors: Durán Gonzalo , Stanton Michael
Published: November 2021

This article aims to examine the dynamics of the Chilean economy as a consequence of actions taken by companies whose aim is to make profits. As such, the economic analysis used is Marxist and makes use of those classical indicators described in Capital (Rate of Surplus-Value, Organic Composition of Capital and Rate of Profit). It is maintained that with the Marxist method, we can discover that behind the accumulation of incomes lies the fact that out of each 8 hours worked, only 3 finance wages and 5 benefit the owners of capital. That fraction of the unpaid labour received by capital but invested back as new capital, plus that ‘excess’ surplus value that is consequence of high copper prices, raises the physical, but not necessarily the value, capital-per-worker ratio. As a consequence, that relation of exploitation to capital accumulation, which Marx called the Rate of Profit, is found to fall, rise and then fall again. We understand that various approaches have been made to calculate the classical indicators and include some of them as alternative methods in our results.
Transplant of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells Halts Fatty Atrophy of Detached Rotator Cuff Muscle After Tendon Repair: Molecular, Microscopic, and Macroscopic Results From an Ovine Model
Authors: Flück Martin , Kasper Stephanie , Benn Mario C. , Clement Frey Flurina , von Rechenberg Brigitte , Giraud Marie-Noëlle , Meyer Dominik C. , Wieser Karl , Gerber Christian
Published: October 2021

Background:

The injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) mitigates fat accumulation in released rotator cuff muscle after tendon repair in rodents.

Purpose:

To investigate whether the injection of autologous MSCs halts muscle-to-fat conversion after tendon repair in a large animal model for rotator cuff tendon release via regional effects on extracellular fat tissue and muscle fiber regeneration.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Infraspinatus (ISP) muscles of the right shoulder of Swiss Alpine sheep (n = 14) were released by osteotomy and reattached 16 weeks later without (group T; n = 6) or with (group T-MSC; n = 8) electropulse-assisted injection of 0.9 Mio fluorescently labeled MSCs as microtissues with media in demarcated regions; animals were allowed 6 weeks of recovery. ISP volume and composition were documented with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Area percentages of muscle fiber types, fat, extracellular ground substance, and fluorescence-positive tissue; mean cross-sectional area (MCSA) of muscle fibers; and expression of myogenic (myogenin), regeneration (tenascin-C), and adipogenic markers (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma [PPARG2]) were quantified in injected and noninjected regions after recovery.

Results:

At 16 weeks after tendon release, the ISP volume was reduced and the fat fraction of ISP muscle was increased in group T (137 vs 185 mL; 49% vs 7%) and group T-MSC (130 vs 166 mL; 53% vs 10%). In group T-MSC versus group T, changes during recovery after tendon reattachment were abrogated for fat-free mass (–5% vs –29%, respectively; P = .018) and fat fraction (+1% vs +24%, respectively; P = .009%). The area percentage of fat was lower (9% vs 20%; P = .018) and the percentage of the extracellular ground substance was higher (26% vs 20%; P = .007) in the noninjected ISP region for group T-MSC versus group T, respectively. Regionally, MCS injection increased tenascin-C levels (+59%) and the water fraction, maintaining the reduced PPARG2 levels but not the 29% increased fiber MCSA, with media injection.

Conclusion:

In a sheep model, injection of autologous MSCs in degenerated rotator cuff muscle halted muscle-to-fat conversion during recovery from tendon repair by preserving fat-free mass in association with extracellular reactions and stopping adjuvant-induced muscle fiber hypertrophy.

Clinical Relevance:

A relatively small dose of MSCs is therapeutically effective to halt fatty atrophy in a large animal model.
Examining Variations in the Prevalence of Diagnosed Mood or Anxiety Disorders Among Migrant Groups in Ontario, 1995–2015: A Population-Based, Repeated Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Edwards Jordan , Chiu Maria , Rodrigues Rebecca , Thind Amardeep , Stranges Saverio , Anderson Kelly K.
Published: October 2021

Background

International evidence on the frequency of mood or anxiety disorders among migrant groups is highly variable, as it is dependent on the time since migration and the socio-political context of the host country. Our objective was to estimate trends in the prevalence of diagnosed mood or anxiety disorders among recent (<5 years in Canada) and settled (5–10 years in Canada) migrant groups, relative to the general population of Ontario, Canada.

Methods

We used a repeated cross-sectional design consisting of four cross-sections spanning 5 years each, constructed using health administrative databases from 1995 to 2015. We included all Ontario residents between the ages of 16 and 64 years. We assessed differences in the prevalence of mood or anxiety disorders adjusting for age, sex, and neighbourhood-level income. We further evaluated the impact of migrant class and region of birth.

Results

The prevalence of mood or anxiety disorders was lower among recent (weighted mean  =  4.10%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.59% to 4.60%) and settled (weighted mean  =  4.77%; 95% CI, 3.94% to 5.61%) migrant groups, relative to the general population (weighted mean  =  7.39%; 95% CI,  6.83% to 7.94%). Prevalence estimates varied greatly by region of birth and migrant class. We found variation in prevalence estimates over time, with refugee groups having the largest increases between 1995 and 2015.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the complexity of mood and anxiety disorders among migrant groups, and that not all groups share the same risk profile. These results can be used to help inform health service allocation and the development of supportive programs for specific migrant groups.
Data Literacy Training for K–12 Teachers: A Meta-Analysis of the Effects on Teacher Outcomes
Authors: Filderman Marissa J. , Toste Jessica R. , Didion Lisa , Peng Peng
Published: November 2021

This meta-analysis explores training teachers in the use of data, defined as any quantifiable information that helps teachers know more about their students for instructional decision-making. The questions addressed are as follows: (a) What are the features of data literacy training for kindergarten through 12th-grade teachers? (b) What are the effects of data literacy training on kindergarten through 12th-grade teacher outcomes? (c) Do training characteristics moderate the effects of training? A comprehensive search of research conducted between 1975 and 2019 yielded 33 studies with 163 effect sizes that met inclusion criteria. Using a random effects model, the researchers found significant positive effects on knowledge and skills, g = .67, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.40, 0.93], and beliefs, g = .48, 95% CI = [0.17, 0.79]. A collaborative training format significantly and positively moderated effects. Implications for teacher trainings and the design of future research are discussed.
Precise medication for tumor patients in the context of mental stress
Authors: Geng Qi-Shun , Shen Zhi-Bo , Zheng Yuan-Yuan , Xue Wen-Hua , Li Li-Feng , Zhao Jie
Published: November 2021

Cancer is the leading cause of disease-related death worldwide due to its late diagnosis and poor outcomes. Precision medicine plays an important role in the treatment of tumors. As found for many types of tumors, mental stress plays a vital role in the promotion and progression of tumors. In this paper, we briefly introduce the manifestation and effects of mental symptoms in tumor patients. We next specifically discuss the multiple roles of precision medicine in the tumor therapy. Finally, we also highlight the precision medicine strategy for psychiatric symptoms in tumor patients, which promises to enhance the efficacy of tumor therapy.