bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Del Aristóteles cabalgado en la sillería de la catedral de Zamora (ca. 1500)
Authors: Muñoz Elena
Published: February 2019

Algunos problemas teóricos de la investigación iconológica han dado lugar a interpretaciones contradictorias acerca de la iconografía marginal de las sillerías corales hispanas. Aquí nos centramos en el motivo de Aristóteles cabalgado, tallado en la sillería de la catedral de Zamora hacia 1500. Apoyándonos en una bibliografía transversal, recopilamos fuentes literarias extranjeras y castellanas para aclarar las asociaciones textuales que provocan la polisemia de esta iconografía y su versatilidad. La revisión de la teoría del Poder de la Mujer desde los Estudios visuales, así como de la función cómica de la iconografía, descubren un discurso político que se transmite a través de las sillerías, donde el Aristóteles cabalgado se combina con otras figuras. Tras reflexionar sobre las categorías de «lo profano y lo religioso» y «la imagen del deseo y de la conciencia», reinterpretamos el motivo de Aristóteles cabalgado a diversos niveles de significación para comprender sus funciones religiosas y didácticas en el contexto de los coros góticos.
Tnr Dependent Hot Rolling Microstructure and Texture Development in C-Mn Dual Phase and HSLA Steels
Authors: Gautam J. Prakash , Miroux A. , Moerman Jaap , Kestens Leo
Published: February 2019

No recrystallization of austenite, Tnr, has an important influence on the transformed phase fractions and the final crystallographic texture after hot deformation. This paper investigates the evolution of microstructure and texture components during hot-rolling in two austenitic region based on Tnr along with three different cooling trajectory and coiling in dual-phase steels and high strength low alloys steel. The recrystallization of the austenite, the austenite deformation followed by the austenite-to-ferrite transformation influence the final microstructure and texture in dual phase steels, have been examined by means of optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Recrystallized and deformed austenite have clearly different texture components and, due to the specific lattice correspondence relations between the parent austenite phase and its transformation products, the resulting ferrite textures are different as well.
Study on Flame Propagation Characteristics According to New Ignition- Source in a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber
Authors: Choe Mun Seok , Kim Kwon Se , Choi Doo Seuk
Published: February 2019

This study has the purpose to consider a new ignition source in order to increase the inflammable limit of a gasoline engine at its lean region. To analyze flame propagation characteristics, a CVCC (constant volume combustion chamber) was produced, and three types of devices – conventional type, arc type, and jet type – were manufactured to conduct combustion testing. Experimental variables were the air/fuel ratio from 1.0 to 1.8 and charging pressure from 2 bar to 4 bar. The result of flame propagation analysis showed that the spread for jet type was faster than that of conventional type by 10 ms, and that of arc type by 5 ms. Result of combustion pressure experiment showed that, at air/fuel ratio of 1.0, arc type showed the highest value, with 22 bar, while jet type showed 19.4 bar and convention type was 17 bar. At maximum inflammable limit experiment, combustion was possible at jet type and arc type in an area above an air/fuel ratio of 1.8, but the conventional type showed miss fire, where combustion did not occur in the area above 1.6. The Study on new ignition source concluded that the jet type shows superior results in terms of combustion speed while the arc type is excellent in terms of combustion pressure.
On the Physics of Anomalies of Boron Nanosegregation at Dislocations in FeAl
Authors: Nechaev Yuriy S. , Öchsner Andreas
Published: February 2019

We present results of the constructive critical analysis and interpretation of some recent studies (Blavette, Sauvage, Wilde and others) at the atomic scale (using three-dimensional atom-probe field-ion microscopy) of impurity nanosegregation at dislocations, including “Cottrell atmospheres”, and grain boundaries in deformed intermetallics and metallic materials, and their relevance to mechanical properties and diffusion processes.
De la place de l’inspection vétérinaire en abattoir en santé publique vétérinaire. Évolutions et perspectives
Authors: Vanelle Anne-Marie
Published: February 2019

Au croisement de la santé et protection des animaux et de la sécurité sanitaire des aliments, l’abattoir a occupé un rôle central et symbolique dans la construction des Services vétérinaires et de la santé publique vétérinaire en France. L’histoire de l’inspection vétérinaire en abattoir a d’abord été marquée par les grands progrès en matière de lutte et d’éradication de certaines maladies zoonotiques. Cette période sera suivie par des améliorations majeures de l’hygiène de l’abattage, puis dans les années 2000 par la nouvelle réglementation européenne dite du «Paquet hygiène» qui introduit les concepts d’analyse des risques et de responsabilisation des professionnels. Plus récemment, le contrôle de la protection des animaux lors de l’abattage est devenu une priorité pour répondre aux nouveaux enjeux sur la place de l’animal dans la société. De nouvelles orientations se dessinent à présent dans la surveillance sanitaire animale et humaine. Elles prônent une meilleure prévention par la mise en place de systèmes intégrés de surveillance en temps réel d’indicateurs globaux, appelée surveillance syndromique. En raison de sa transversalité, l’inspection en abattoir a vocation à devenir un outil privilégié de ces avancées. Cette perspective ouvre vers des progrès dans la détection précoce des maladies émergentes, dans la protection des animaux en relation coordonnée avec la surveillance en élevages, mais aussi dans l’analyse de risque indispensable à la sécurité sanitaire des viandes. Elle pourrait aussi déboucher sur un dispositif global de surveillance de la santé du cheptel, allant au-delà de la seule surveillance des maladies. Enfin, une mise en réseau avec les dispositifs de surveillance en santé humaine serait déterminante pour la démarche «One health» et pour la pleine reconnaissance de la santé publique vétérinaire.
Augustine and Academic Skepticism: A Philosophical Study
Authors: Luz Clodoaldo Da
Published: February 2019

REVIEW of Review of DUTTON, Blake D. Augustine and Academic Skepticism: A Philosophical Study. New York: Cornell University Press, 2016.
A dinâmica da aprendizagem coletiva e suas implicações para as inovações de processos em uma instituição federal de ensino brasileira centenária: o caso CEFET/RJ
Authors: Inglat Luís Phillipe da Silva , Villardi Beatriz Quiroz , Toda Favio Akiyoshi
Published: February 2019

Este estudo configura a experiência de um grupo de trabalhadores com a criação de um espaço de conhecimento mediante aprendizagem coletiva que resultou em uma inovação de processo de trabalho em uma Instituição Federal de Ensino - IFE centenária, o CEFET/RJ. Os trabalhadores da área de patrimônio, lotados em diferentes campi da IFE, atuavam de forma isolada e então, decidiram se reunir para trocar conhecimentos sobre seus trabalhos, criando assim um grupo social. A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, utilizou-se a estratégia de estudo de caso para compreender como estes trabalhadores experienciavam os encontros deste grupo, que apresentou características de uma comunidade de prática. Para tanto, foram coletados dados por observação participante neste grupo social, e entrevistas individuais com cinco trabalhadores que participavam dos encontros. Mediante a análise de conteúdo, os resultados encontrados destacam para a importância das trocas de conhecimentos, tácitos e explícitos, entre estes trabalhadores, e evidencia o surgimento de uma inovação de processo, estimulada pelo ambiente coletivo de aprendizagem criado, denominada de Balcão de Trocas. O Balcão de Trocas permite a redistribuição de materiais entre os campi, acarretando em um menor tempo de reposição dos mesmos, o que possibilita maior economia para a instituição.
Panorama dos programas de pós-graduação da área de planejamento urbano e regional e demografia: a lacuna nas regiões Norte, Centro-Oeste e Nordeste
Authors: Staloch Rubens , Rocha Isa de Oliveira
Published: February 2019

Os Programas de Pós-Graduação no Brasil iniciaram sua trajetória nos anos de 1950, sendo que os primeiros Programas da área de Planejamento Urbano e Regional (PUR), assim denominados inicialmente, sem o campo da Demografia (D), surgem na década de 1970. Porém, por mais de uma década a contar de 1980, não ocorreu sua expansão territorial, verificada após os anos de 1990, sobretudo, nos anos 2000, inclusive, com a criação de Mestrados Profissionais. Atualmente, a área de avaliação na Capes é denominada Planejamento Urbano e Regional e Demografia (PLURD). Desta forma, ao buscar dados e informações, por meio de análise documental no Relatório de Avaliação da Área(2017), no websiteGeoCapes e na Plataforma Sucupira, objetivou-se realizar uma análise descritiva e quantitativa acerca dos Programas de Pós-Graduação da área PLURD no país. Como resultados, se pode destacar que há lacuna ou baixa oferta de Programas na área PLURD nas regiões Norte, Centro-Oeste e Nordeste; há igualmente baixa oferta de Programas Profissionais; e há ausência de Programas de Doutorado na região Centro-Oeste do país. Considerando a relevância da área, com destaque para a sua multi, inter e transdisciplinaridade, para o processo de desenvolvimento local e regional, se fazem necessários esforços para que todas as regiões do país possuam programas afins, que podem contribuir para o processo de reflexão teórica e prática aplicadas ao planejamento territorial [urbano e/ou regional].
Rede de movimentação dos servidores públicos civis da União: um estudo sob a perspectiva da gestão de pessoas na UFAL
Authors: Silva Polyana Tenório de Freitas e , Barbosa Milka Alves Correia , Cassundé Fernanda Roda de Araujo
Published: February 2019

Compete ao Poder Público a organização do seu quadro de servidores, e eventualmente podem ocorrer mudanças que levem a necessidade de remaneja-los. Essa movimentação acontece pelo interesse da administração ou por solicitação do servidor, porém em ambos os casos, a decisão final compete ao próprio ente público que, via de regra, tem discricionariedade para analisar os pedidos de acordo com seus próprios critérios de conveniência e oportunidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer como está organizada a rede formada pelos pedidos de remoção realizados pelos servidores técnicos-administrativos da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL). As temáticas da análise de redes sociais (ARS) e da Gestão de Pessoas (GP) constituíram a base teórica do estudo. A metodologia adotada foi qualitativa e os dados foram coletados por meio de levantamento documental e entrevistas, tendo definido como estratégia o estudo de caso das movimentações dos servidores da UFAL no período de 2012-2016. Os dados demonstram aglomeração de solicitações de remoção para o Campus sede, na capital, sem a devida justificativa, e a permuta entre servidores aparece como uma das principais condições para o deferimento desses pedidos. Como sugestão, propõe um plano de melhoria da rede cujas ações baseiam-se em estratégias de gestão de pessoas
A Touch-Observation and Task-Based Mirror Therapy Protocol to Improve Sensorimotor Control and Functional Capability of Hands for Patients With Peripheral Nerve Injury
Authors: Hsu Hsiu-Yun , Chen Po-Tsun , Kuan Ta-Shen , Yang Hsiu-Ching , Shieh Shyh-Jou , Kuo Li-Chieh
Published: February 2019

Importance: To develop a practical program in the early phase after nerve repair for more rapid return of function.

Objective: To investigate the effects of touch-observation and task-based mirror therapy on the sensorimotor outcomes of patients with nerve repair.

Design: An assessor-blinded study with a randomized controlled design.

Setting: University hospital.

Participants: We recruited 12 patients with median or ulnar nerve repair between the level of midpalm and elbow referred by the plastic surgeons.

Intervention: The patients were randomized into touch-observation and task-based mirror therapy or control groups, and both groups received training for 12 wk.

Outcomes and Measures: The Semmes–Weinstein monofilament (SWM) test, two-point discrimination test, Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT), Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test (MMDT), and pinch-holding-up activity test were assessed at pretreatment, immediately after treatment, and 12 wk after the last treatment.

Results: The experimental group showed greater improvements in the results of the pinch-holding-up activity test and the PPT Unilateral Pin Insertion, Bilateral Pin Insertion, and Assembly subtests. However, change on the SWM test revealed no significant difference between the two groups.

Conclusions and Relevance: Touch-observation and task-based mirror therapy is an effective but low-cost treatment protocol to optimize sensorimotor control and functional capability of the upper limb in patients with peripheral nerve injury.
Intercomparison of atmospheric trace gas dispersion models: Barnett Shale case study
Authors: Karion Anna , Lauvaux Thomas , Lopez Coto Israel , Sweeney Colm , Mueller Kimberly , Gourdji Sharon , Angevine Wayne , Barkley Zachary , Deng Aijun , Andrews Arlyn , Stein Ariel , Whetstone James
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Greenhouse gas emissions mitigation requires understanding
the dominant processes controlling fluxes of these trace gases at increasingly
finer spatial and temporal scales. Trace gas fluxes can be estimated using a
variety of approaches that translate observed atmospheric species mole
fractions into fluxes or emission rates, often identifying the spatial and
temporal characteristics of the emission sources as well. Meteorological
models are commonly combined with tracer dispersion models to estimate fluxes
using an inverse approach that optimizes emissions to best fit the trace gas
mole fraction observations. One way to evaluate the accuracy of atmospheric
flux estimation methods is to compare results from independent methods,
including approaches in which different meteorological and tracer dispersion
models are used. In this work, we use a rich data set of atmospheric methane
observations collected during an intensive airborne campaign to compare
different methane emissions estimates from the Barnett Shale oil and natural
gas production basin in Texas, USA. We estimate emissions based on a variety
of different meteorological and dispersion models. Previous estimates of
methane emissions from this region relied on a simple model (a mass balance
analysis) as well as on ground-based measurements and statistical data
analysis (an inventory). We find that in addition to meteorological model
choice, the choice of tracer dispersion model also has a significant impact
on the predicted downwind methane concentrations given the same emissions
field. The dispersion models tested often underpredicted the observed
methane enhancements with significant variability (up to a factor of 3)
between different models and between different days. We examine possible
causes for this result and find that the models differ in their simulation of
vertical dispersion, indicating that additional work is needed to evaluate
and improve vertical mixing in the tracer dispersion models commonly used in
regional trace gas flux inversions.
Interpretation of measured aerosol mass scattering efficiency over North America using a chemical transport model
Authors: Latimer Robyn N. C. , Martin Randall V.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Aerosol mass scattering efficiency affects climate forcing calculations,
atmospheric visibility, and the interpretation of satellite observations of
aerosol optical depth. We evaluated the representation of aerosol mass
scattering efficiency (αsp) in the GEOS-Chem chemical
transport model over North America using collocated measurements of aerosol
scatter and mass from IMPROVE network sites between 2000 and 2010. We found a
positive bias in mass scattering efficiency given current assumptions of
aerosol size distributions and particle hygroscopicity in the model. We found
that overestimation of mass scattering efficiency was most significant in dry
(RH <35 %) and midrange humidity
(35 % < RH <65 %) conditions, with biases of
82 % and 40 %, respectively. To address these biases, we investigated
assumptions surrounding the two largest contributors to fine aerosol mass,
organic (OA) and secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA). Inhibiting hygroscopic
growth of SIA below 35 % RH and decreasing the dry geometric mean radius,
from 0.069 µm for SIA and 0.073 µm for OA to
0.058 µm for both aerosol types, significantly decreased the
overall bias observed at IMPROVE sites in dry conditions from 82 % to
9 %. Implementation of a widely used alternative representation of
hygroscopic growth following κ-Kohler theory for secondary inorganic
(hygroscopicity parameter κ=0.61) and organic (κ=0.10)
aerosols eliminated the remaining overall bias in αsp.
Incorporating these changes in aerosol size and hygroscopicity into the
GEOS-Chem model resulted in an increase of 16 % in simulated annual
average αsp over North America, with larger increases of
25 % to 45 % in northern regions with high RH and hygroscopic aerosol
fractions, and decreases in αsp up to 15 % in the
southwestern U.S. where RH is low.
Sensitivity of simulated historical burned area to environmental andanthropogenic controls: A comparison of seven fire models
Authors: Teckentrup Lina , Harrison Sandy P. , Hantson Stijn , Heil Angelika , Melton Joe R. , Forrest Matthew , Li Fang , Yue Chao , Arneth Almut , Hickler Thomas , Sitch Stephen , Lasslop Gitta
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Understanding how fire regimes change over time is of major importance for understanding their future impact on the Earth system, including society. Large differences in simulated burned area between fire models show that there is substantial uncertainty associated with modelling global change impacts on fire regimes. We draw here on sensitivity simulations made by seven global dynamic vegetation models participating in the Fire Model Intercomparison Project (FireMIP) to understand how differences in models translate into differences in fire regime projections. The sensitivity experiments isolate the impact of the individual drivers of fire, which are prescribed in the simulations. Specifically these drivers are atmospheric CO2, population density, land-use change, lightning and climate. The seven models capture spatial patterns in burned area. However, they show considerable differences in the burned area trends since 1900. We analyse the trajectories of differences between the sensitivity and reference simulation to improve our understanding of what drives the global trend in burned area. Where it is possible, we link the inter-model differences to model assumptions. Overall, these analyses reveal that the strongest differences leading to diverging trajectories are related to the way anthropogenic ignitions and suppression, as well as the effects of land-use on vegetation and fire, are incorporated in individual models. This points to a need to improve our understanding and model representation of the relationship between human activities and fire to improve our abilities to model fire for global change applications. Only two models show a strong response to CO2 and the response to lightning on global scale is low for all models. The sensitivity to climate shows a spatially heterogeneous response and globally only two models show a significant trend. It was not possible to attribute the climate-induced changes in burned area to model assumptions or specific climatic parameters. However, the strong influence of climate on the inter-annual variability in burned area, shown by all the models, shows that we need to pay attention to the simulation of fire weather but also meteorological influences on biomass accumulation and fuel properties in order to better capture extremes in fire behavior.
Covariance resampling for particle filter – state and parameter estimation for soil hydrology
Authors: Berg Daniel , Bauser Hannes H. , Roth Kurt
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Particle filters are
becoming increasingly popular for state and parameter estimation in
hydrology. One of their crucial parts is the resampling after the
assimilation step. We introduce a resampling method that uses the full
weighted covariance information calculated from the ensemble to generate new
particles and effectively avoid filter degeneracy. The ensemble covariance
contains information between observed and unobserved dimensions and is used
to fill the gaps between them. The covariance resampling approximately
conserves the first two statistical moments and partly maintains the
structure of the estimated distribution in the retained ensemble. The
effectiveness of this method is demonstrated with a synthetic case – an
unsaturated soil consisting of two homogeneous layers – by assimilating
time-domain reflectometry-like (TDR-like) measurements. Using this approach we can estimate state and
parameters for a rough initial guess with 100 particles. The estimated states
and parameters are tested with a forecast after the assimilation, which is
found to be in good agreement with the synthetic truth.
Drill bit noise imaging without pilot trace, a near surface interferometry example
Authors: Asgharzadeh Mehdi , Grant Ashley , Bona Andrej , Urosevic Milovan
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Acoustic energy emitted by drill bit can be recorded by geophones on the surface and processed for an image of the subsurface using seismic interferometry methods. Pilot sensors record bit signal on the drill rig and play an important role in processing geophone traces for the image. When pilot traces are not available, traces of the nearest geophone to the rig may be used in deconvolution and crosscorrelation of data but extra signal processing efforts are required to reduce the effect of source signature on crosscorrelation results. In this study, we use seismic interferometry method to image the shallow subsurface beneath a 2D geophone array by converting geophones to virtual sources. As there is no pilot signal available for this survey, we use nearest geophone trace for pilot crosscorrelation and pilot deconvolution. We modify the spectrum of pilot crosscorrelation and deconvolution results so that the effect of source function on virtual data is minimized. We then migrate the virtual shots and compare the results of interferometric imaging with the available image from 3D (active source) survey and assess the efficiency of our approach. We show that drill bit noise data can be used to generate a reasonably accurate image of the subsurface even in the absence of pilot recordings but the results should be checked for appearance of virtual multiples and depth inconsistencies that are caused by errors in the migration velocity.
New insights into the environmental factors controlling the ground thermal regime across the Northern Hemisphere: a comparison between permafrost and non-permafrost areas
Authors: Karjalainen Olli , Luoto Miska , Aalto Juha , Hjort Jan
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The thermal state of permafrost affects Earth surface systems and
human activity in the Arctic and has implications for global climate.
Improved understanding of the local-scale variability in the global ground
thermal regime is required to account for its sensitivity to changing
climatic and geoecological conditions. Here, we statistically related
observations of mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) and active-layer
thickness (ALT) to high-resolution (∼1 km2) geospatial
data of climatic and local environmental conditions across the Northern
Hemisphere. The aim was to characterize the relative importance of key
environmental factors and the magnitude and shape of their effects on MAGT
and ALT. The multivariate models fitted well to both response variables with
average R2 values being ∼0.94 and 0.78.
Corresponding predictive performances in terms of root-mean-square error
were ∼1.31 ∘C and 87 cm. Freezing (FDD) and
thawing (TDD) degree days were key factors for MAGT inside and outside the
permafrost domain with average effect sizes of 6.7 and 13.6 ∘C, respectively. Soil properties had marginal effects on MAGT
(effect size =0.4–0.7 ∘C). For ALT, rainfall (effect size =181 cm) and solar radiation (161 cm) were most influential. Analysis of
variable importance further underlined the dominance of climate for MAGT and
highlighted the role of solar radiation for ALT. Most response shapes for
MAGT ≤0 ∘C and ALT were non-linear and
indicated thresholds for covariation. Most importantly, permafrost
temperatures had a more complex relationship with air temperatures than
non-frozen ground. Moreover, the observed warming effect of rainfall on
MAGT≤0∘C reverted after reaching an optimum at
∼250 mm, and that of snowfall started to level off at
∼300–400 mm. It is suggested that the factors of large
global variation (i.e. climate) suppressed the effects of local-scale
factors (i.e. soil properties and vegetation) owing to the extensive study
area and limited representation of soil organic matter. Our new insights
into the factors affecting the ground thermal regime at a 1 km scale should
improve future hemispheric-scale studies.
Imprisonment of Female Urban and Rural Offenders in Victoria, 1860-1920
Authors: Nagy Victoria , Piper Alana
Published: February 2019

This paper examines imprisonment data from Victoria between 1860 and 1920 to gather insights into the variations in incidence of women being convicted by rural versus urban courts, including close focus on the difference in types of offences being committed in urban and rural locations. This paper also details women’s mobility between both communities as well as change in their offending profiles based on their geographic locations. Our findings suggest that while the authorities were broadly most concerned with removing disorderly and vagrant women from both urban and rural streets, rural offending had its own characteristics that differentiate it from urban offending. Therefore, this demonstrates that when examining female offending, geographic location of an offender and offence must be taken into consideration.
The Synchretic Network: Linking Music, Narrative, and Emotion in the Video Game Journey
Authors: Mouraviev Ivan
Published: February 2019

In the 2012 video game Journey, music is an important component of the playing experience. This study adopts an interdisciplinary approach, drawing on narratology, semiology, and film-sound theory to examine the relationship between music, narrative, and emotion in Journey. After first discussing video games’ interactivity in general, philosopher Dominic Lopes’ theory of digital art is presented as a means of articulating the interactive aspects of Journey’s soundtrack. Theories set out by scholars Jochen Kleres and Michel Chion—which deal with the narrativity of emotions and audiovisual meaning, respectively—are then integrated to produce the “synchretic network”: a theoretical framework for analyzing the effect of the juxtaposition of music, moving images, and an emotional response that occurs when a viewer or player engages with audiovisual art. This is followed by an analysis of a personal experience of Journey using the synchretic network to understand how the game’s music performs narrative functions. Finally, this study reflects on the synchretic network and its potential to be broadly applicable, including in the study of other audiovisual media such as film.
Not to Be Born Were Best? A Review of Henry Zajaczkowski's Article on Tchaikovsky's Hidden Program within the Pathétique Symphony
Authors: Pagniello Céleste
Published: February 2019

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky’s death and final symphony have long been shrouded in mystery. The well-known myth of the symphony’s program suggests that Tchaikovsky left behind a program for his Sixth, to whose existence he hinted throughout his letters and diaries. However, his original program has not been found and divulged after his death. Musicologists have since attempted to reconstruct it from the clues available, although his vague description of it has led to a wide range of speculations. This task is further complicated by the questionable legitimacy of much of the early scholarship surrounding the issue at hand, presenting today’s scholars with the challenge of separating fact from fiction. This paper will scrutinize musicologist Henry Zajaczkowski’s proposition, which is constructed around repression in the composer’s life, particularly regarding his sexuality and his familial relationships. The paper will also expand on Zajaczkowski’s research, and his refutation of Alexandra Orlova’s 1979 claim that the Russian government forced Tchaikovsky’s suicide. Today, the forced-suicide claim is widely regarded as false, and Tchaikovsky’s death seems to have been nothing more than misfortune. In light of this, the article will point to the impossibility in deciphering the Pathétique symphony’s true program despite the numerous clues that Tchaikovsky has left for us to piece it together.
Rebuilding Livelihood of the Rural and Peri-Urban Resettlers in Post-Involuntary Displacement of Saguling Dam Construction
Authors: Sunardi Sunardi , Ariyani Miranti , Febriani Rina , Maharani Ghea Sakti , Fu Regina Hoi Yee , Fujikura Ryo
Published: February 2019

The construction of dams and reservoirs often comprises the displacement of not only communities but also the livelihood of the communities itself. This study aims to explore the effects of Saguling Dam construction on the livelihood re-establishment of the displaced people, by paying more attention on the sociographic localities of the new settlement, i.e. the rural and peri-urban areas. A survey was conducted on two groups of resettlers equiped with structured questionnaire. The results indicated that the project has imposed hardship on the displaced people in the process of livelihood re-establishment. Beside changes and lost of occupation, lost of resources, and insufficient cash compensation, sociographic localities of the two groups determined their social capital, which was also vital to their livelihood reconstruction.
Resettlement Caused by Jatigede Dam Project -Consequence of Long Delayed Implementation of a Project
Authors: Suwartapradja Opan Suhendi , Fujikura Ryo , Sunardi Sunardi , Fu Regina Hoi Yee
Published: February 2019

Jatigede dam was constructed in Sumedang Regency of West Java Province, Indonesia. It was planned as early as the 1960s. The World Bank cancelled its financing for the reason of insufficient resettlement planning in 1986, but land acquisition for the dam continued and cash compensation was provided to affected villagers. In spite of the suspension of land acquisition in 1997, the Chinese Government became the new sponsor and dam construction started in 2005. Inundation began in 2015 and the villagers were resettled mainly to the vicinity of the reservoir. The construction was completed in 2015. Most of the cash compensation was provided during the mid-1980s. As three decades have passed since the provision of the compensation, resettlers who received the money conceived that the dam construction project has been cancelled. They spent the money at their original place and did not invest for the resettlement. Today, most of the resettlers are jobless and poor. Their incomes are below the international poverty line. Aquaculture at the reservoir is one of the possible options to improve local economy, but the local government prohibits it to avoid deterioration of water quality.
Gammarid amphipods (Crustacea) in Norway, with a key to the species
Authors: Vader Wim , Tandberg Anne Helene Solberg
Published: February 2019

Thirteen species in the amphipod family Gammaridae have been reported from Norway. This paper gives a survey of the distribution and habitat of all 13 species of the family Gammaridae occurring or expected to occur in Norwegian waters: both marine, brackish and fresh, including Svalbard, in addition to four species found in close neighbouring waters. It also provides a short history of the study of Gammaridae in Norway, as well as an illustrated identification key to all species in the area.
An Extended Look at Art
Authors: Funch Bjarne Sode
Published: February 2019

This is a phenomenological case study of a twenty-six-year-old woman looking at a painting for one hour. People usually do not spend much time on each individual work of art in an exhibition; the question is if viewing a work of art for a longer period of time creates a more profound art experience. In an attempt to explore this question, the viewer spent one hour in front of Le Luxe II (1907–8) by Henri Matisse, followed with an interview immediately after the art encounter. The study reveals that a spontaneous emotional response to a work of art originates in a current existential conflict in the viewer, rather than being a result of qualities related to the work of art alone.
Interactive Oral Composition: Resources, Strategies, and the Construction of Improvised Utterances in a Finnish Freestyle Rap Battle
Authors: Sykäri Venla
Published: February 2019

The freestyle rap battle is a contemporary form of contest poetry introduced to Finland as part of the originally African and Latino American, but today globally spread, hip-hop youth culture. During the last decades, Finnish young people have dynamically developed the art of orally improvised rap and vernacular performance cultures. Contributing to the study of oral composition and argumentative forms of oral poetry, this paper examines the construction of improvised utterances in the competitive, interactive arena of the battle.
Cultural Reproduction and Resistance at the Rinks: Roller-Skating and the Americanization of California, 1867–90
Authors: Ross MacIntosh , Fabian Thomas , van Waas Courtney
Published: February 2019

In the contemporary sporting world, California is an incubator of lifestyle (or alternative) sports. In large part responsible for the popularization of beach volleyball, skateboarding, snowboarding, and BMX, California has been on the frontlines of the modern sporting revolution since the early twentieth century. Before this process of Californization could fully take hold, however, the state experienced an era of Americanization, with various practices and ideas flowing from east to west in the cultural baggage of American settlers. After the Mexican—American War and the subsequent Gold Rush, a roller-skating craze swept westward. An understudied and trivialized topic in sport history, roller-skating in California ushered in socially dominant white, Anglo-Saxon, Protestant (WASP) ideals of gender, race, and leisure, proving a powerful tool in the Americanization of the preannexation Indigenous and Mexican populations. Using the writings of Raymond Williams, George Rudé, and R. W. Connell on hegemony, this article demonstrates the cultural significance of roller-skating in the Americanization of California in the 1870s and 1880s in terms of gender, race, and class.
“The Benares of the West”: The Evolution of Yoga in Los Angeles
Authors: Maddox Callie Batts , Cooley Robin
Published: February 2019

This paper explores the relationship between yoga and Los Angeles by focusing on the stories of Paramhansa Yogananda, Indra Devi, and Bikram Choudhury, immigrant yogis who arrived in Los Angeles at different points in the twentieth century to build and sell their own brands of yoga in a diverse, complex, and contested city. We offer a contextualized snapshot of yoga’s history in Los Angeles by interweaving brief biographies of each yogi with specific particularities characterizing Los Angeles at the time of their work and influence. Arguing that yoga has long been an important part of Los Angeles’ creative and cultural production, we engage with Allen J. Scott’s contention that the city functions as a “creative field” generating significant cultural and technological innovations. Themes of creativity, immigration, and globalization emerge when considering the impacts of Yogananda, Devi, and Choudhury on the evolution of yoga and the city of Los Angeles.
Alfred Wallace's Echoes in the Amazon
Authors: Santos Geraldo Mendes dos
Published: February 2019

This article deals with some aspects of Alfred Russel Wallace's historic journey to the Amazon between 1848 and1852. In it are highlighted the impressions that this naturalist has pointed out about the region, cities, indigenouscustoms and especially about fish of the Black River. More objectively, the article discusses the reasons for the trip,the two trips to the Uaupés River, and the strategic visions Wallace presented about food production in that distantregion. At the end is outlined a profile of the personality of this famous traveler and the lessons he left to posterity,especially to the young naturalists and scientists.
State Civil Apparatus in Indonesia in the Conception of Welfare State: A Study of Legal Material Law Number 5 Year 2014 on State Civil Apparatus
Authors: Muhammad Mukmin , Husen La Ode
Published: February 2019

In essence every form of government interference must be based on legislation that applies as a principle of legality, which is the main joint law of the State. However, because there are limitations to this principle or because of weaknesses and shortcomings in the laws and regulations, the government is given freedom. Freies Ermessen, namely the freedom of the government to be able to act on its own initiative in solving social problems. Freies Ermessen raises opportunities for conflicts of interest, in order to avoid or minimize violations of citizens' rights, hence increasing legal protection for deviant state administration (Verhoogde Rechtsbescherming) in the form of "Algemene Beginselen Van Behoorlijk Bestuur" or general principles of good governance. The task of government is carried out in the framework of the implementation of the general functions of government which includes institutional, personnel and management utilization. Whereas in the implementation of certain development tasks carried out in the context of implementing certain development tasks carried out through nation-building (cultural and political development) as well as through economic and social development (economic and social development) which is directed at increasing the welfare and prosperity of the entire community, Law Number 5 Year 2014 on state civil apparatus as the basis for regulating the state civil apparatus in each of its implementation policies prioritizes the foundation of legislation, propriety and justice. The method of research is normative legal research methods, namely the study of legal principles legal rules which are standards for behaving or behaving. This research can be carried out (especially) on primary and secondary legal materials, as long as the materials contain legal rules, because not every article in a law, for example, contains legal rules; there are articles which are only limits as commonly found in the general provisions of the legislation. Research on legal principles is a philosophical study because the legal principle is an ideal element of law. Goals: The purpose of this research is to make the state civil apparatus understand the concept of the welfare state, the use of discretionary power (Freies ermessen), understand the principles that limit the actions of state civil apparatus to avoid corruption and collusion and nepotism in realizing people's welfare in Indonesia. Novelty/Improvement: This article discusses the study of law regarding the position of Civil Servants in Indonesia based on Law Number 5 Year 2014 on State Civil Apparatus. Concerning state civil apparatus which is associated with principles general good governance, this research article is also expected to be able to provide information for readers to be able to realize the state civil apparatus free from the practice of collusion, corruption and nepotism in realizing good governance in Indonesia in the conception of welfare state.
Effectiveness and Social Validity of FBAs for Youth At-Risk or With High Incidence Disabilities: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Maag John W.
Published: February 2019

This meta-analysis examined the effectiveness and social validity of 44 functional behavioral assessment (FBA) studies using single case research designs (SCRDs) conducted with youth displaying challenging behaviors or had high incidence disabilities. Three effect sizes were calculated: standard mean difference (SMD), Tau-U, and improvement rate difference (IRD). Fisher’s conservative dual criterion (CDC), which is a statistical aid to visual analysis, was also applied. Social validity was assessed by using indicators described by Kazdin (2010). Effect sizes were in ranges indicating moderate to large effects. Approximately 71% of AB contrasts reflected CDC systematic change. However, only 44% of studies assessed social validity. There were no significant differences in effectiveness of interventions whether or not a functional analysis was conducted nor whether the controlling function was escape or attention. Results are discussed in terms of FBA implementation issues related to social validity and the necessity for conducting a functional analysis for these youth.
The effect of inhaled steroids on the intraocular pressure
Authors: Shroff Sujani , Thomas Reji Koshy , D'Souza George , Nityananda Suneetha
Published: February 2019

PurposeTo investigate whether there is a clinically significant association between inhalational steroids and intraocular pressure.

MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, case–control study of 200 patients using 800 mcg of budesonide or its equivalent dose of ICS and 200 healthy controls not using any form of steroids. Patients using ICS for a period of at least 6 months with no usage of oral or topical steroids within the last 3 months were included as cases. Age- and sex-matched controls were recruited from among the general patient population of the ophthalmological department. IOP and central corneal thickness were analyzed. Cases were divided into two subgroups. Group 1 had IOP of <21 mm Hg and cup-to-disc ratio of <0.5. Group 2 had IOP of ≥21 mm Hg or cup-to-disc ratio of >0.5 or cup–disc asymmetry ≥0.2. Subgroups were analyzed to determine whether there was an increased risk of developing ocular hypertension or glaucoma with extended use of ICS.

ResultsA total of 400 subjects participated, with 200 in each group. The mean IOP of cases was 15.31 ± 3.27 mm Hg, statistically significantly higher than the mean of 13.39 mm Hg ± 1.95 in controls (P < 0.001). The mean CCT in cases was 522.02 ± 30.47 μm, lower than the mean of 528.73 ± 29.09 μm of the control group (P > 0.001). Of the 200 cases, 11 (5.5%) had ocular hypertension and 2 (1%) had open-angle glaucoma. There was no statistically significant correlation between duration of inhaled steroids usage and increase in IOP (P = 0.62). There was no development of ocular hypertension or glaucoma among the controls.

ConclusionsOur findings suggest a probable association between ICS and IOP and that it may be advisable to measure baseline IOPs and CCT and to follow patients on ICS at regular intervals.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma presenting with bilateral orbital extension without lacrimal gland involvement
Authors: Schwartz Tayler M. , Rogg Jeffrey M. , Griffith Rogers C. , Migliori Michael E.
Published: February 2019

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare neoplasm of secretory epithelium that most commonly occurs in the fifth and sixth decades of life. It is characterized by high recurrence rates and poor response to chemotherapy. In the orbit, ACC usually presents as a lacrimal gland mass. We describe the rare case of a 70-year-old woman who presented with pain during mastication and bilateral facial numbness in the cranial nerve V2 distribution. She was found to have adenoid cystic carcinoma involving the orbits bilaterally without lacrimal gland involvement and without a clear primary tumor. Imaging suggested that the tumor arose from the soft palate by extension along cranial nerves V2 and V3. The patient was treated with radiation therapy with some degree of radiographic improvement 27 months after diagnosis. This case emphasizes the importance of considering adenoid cystic carcinoma when evaluating orbital tumors sparing the lacrimal gland. We also suggest the possibility of an oropharyngeal source with anterograde intracranial extension in cases of putative primary orbital ACC without lacrimal gland involvement.
Iris melanin pigment as a masquerade of Gram-positive cocci after penetrating ocular trauma
Authors: Zhang Wenlan , Proia Alan , Sharma Sumit , Fleischman David
Published: February 2019

We describe a case of penetrating eye injury that resulted in a post-injury day 1 hypopyon, leading to concern for endophthalmitis and phacoanaphylaxis. A Gram stain prepared by the clinical microbiology laboratory was interpreted as Gram-positive cocci (GPC). However, when cultures returned negative, further investigation with microbiology and pathology found that what was thought to be GPC was actually iris melanin pigment. Although endophthalmitis following ocular trauma remains an important diagnosis to consider, this microbiologic masquerade of iris melanin pigment as GPC should be considered in cases where Gram stain is positive yet cultures return negative.
Orbital desmoplastic small round cell tumor in an infant
Authors: Huang Amy , Patel Nishita
Published: February 2019

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare, aggressive malignancy that primarily involves the serosal surfaces of the abdomen and pelvis and has a poor prognosis. Orbital involvement is extremely rare. We report the case of a 2-month-old boy who presented with a right infraorbital mass consistent with a DSRCT and causing mass effect and superonasal globe displacement. To our knowledge, this is the first case of orbital DSRCT in an infant.
INCIDÊNCIA E CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOLÓGICA DE Alternaria alternata E Bipolaris bicolor EM SEMENTES DE TRIGO ‘BRS 264’
Authors: Henrique  Silva  Peixoto Gustavo , Henrique  Pereira  Costa  Muniz Paulo , Dalila  Milan Mariany , Magalhães Barroso Franciely , Diego Costa Carvalho Daniel
Published: February 2019

The seeds are considered important spread vehicles of pathogens.This study aimed to quantify the incidence of A. alternata and B. bicolor in wheat seeds ‘BRS 264’ and to perform morphological characterization of these fungi. Therefore, four sanitary evaluations were performed in gerbox transparent acrylic boxes. In order to inhibit germination, the seeds wereincubated in a BOD at 25ºC and 12-hour light period for 24 hours and, then, transferred to freezer at -20ºC and dark period for 24 hours. Just after, the seeds were incubated in BOD chamber at 25ºC and 12-hour light period during 8 days, which the incidence was estimated daily. Then, semi-permanent slide mountings were prepared for subsequent capturing images and measurement of fungi structures by obtaining 30 measurements of each structural component evaluated under a Leica DM500 light microscope, using the LAS EZ 2.0 (100x) software. The results concerning fungal structures and incidence were submitted to variance and regression analysis, respectively. From this, it was possible to confirm A. alternata and B. bicolor presence through morphological characterization, which presented 41.5 and 16.5% of incidence on the seeds at 8 days of evaluation, respectively.