bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspektiven von Patient:innen und des medizinischen Personals – Anwendungsfälle von KI in der Nephrologie
Authors: Samhammer David , Beck Susanne , Budde Klemens , Burchardt Aljoscha , Faber Michelle , Gerndt Simon , Möller Sebastian , Osmanodja Bilgin , Roller Roland , Dabrock Peter
Published: May 2023

In diesem Kapitel werden zwei Anwendungsfälle aus dem Bereich der Nephrologie vorgestellt. Die Anwendungsfälle bestehen aus zwei Experimenten, die unter der Begleitung qualitativer Erhebungen durchgeführt wurden. Aus der Interpretation der gewonnenen Daten ergeben sich Rückschlüsse darüber, welche Bedürfnisse Ärzt:innen und Patient:innen für den Einsatz von KI-Systemen im klinischen Alltag äußern. Auch Einblicke in die Rolle des Pflegepersonals sind in vorliegendem Material zu finden.
Negative scalar potentials and the swampland: an Anti-Trans-Planckian Censorship Conjecture
Authors: Andriot David , Horer Ludwig , Tringas George
Published: May 2023

Abstract

In this paper, we derive a characterisation of negative scalar potentials, V < 0, in d-dimensional effective theories of quantum gravity. This is achieved thanks to an Anti-Trans-Planckian Censorship Conjecture (ATCC), inspired by a refined version of the TCC. The ATCC relies on the fact that in a contracting universe, modes that become sub-Planckian in length violate the validity of the effective theory. In the asymptotics of field space, we deduce that −V′/V ≥ c0 when V′ ≥ 0. The rate $$ {c}_0=2/\sqrt{\left(d-1\right)\left(d-2\right)} $$

c
0

=
2
/

d
−
1

d
−
2

is successfully tested in several string compactifications for d ≥ 4. In addition, a new asymptotic condition, V′′/V ≥ $$ {c}_0^2 $$

c
0
2

, is derived. By extrapolation to anti-de Sitter solutions of radius l, we infer the existence of a scalar whose mass should obey m2l2 ≲ −2. This property is verified in many supersymmetric examples.
Combining effects ensuring boundedness in an attraction–repulsion chemotaxis model with production and consumption
Authors: Li Tongxing , Frassu Silvia , Viglialoro Giuseppe
Published: May 2023

This paper is framed in a series of studies on attraction–repulsion chemotaxis models combining different effects: nonlinear diffusion and sensitivities and logistic sources, for the dynamics of the cell density, and consumption and/or production impacts, for those of the chemicals. In particular, herein we focus on the situation where the signal responsible of gathering tendencies for the particles’ distribution is produced, while the opposite counterpart is consumed. In such a sense, this research complements the results in Frassu et al. (Math Methods Appl Sci 45:11067–11078, 2022) and Chiyo et al. (Commun Pure Appl Anal, 2023, doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2023047), where the chemicals evolve according to different laws.
Isomorphic Copies of $$\ell ^\infty $$ in the Weighted Hardy Spaces on the Unit Disc
Authors: Sánchez-Pérez Enrique Alfonso , Szwedek Radosław
Published: May 2023

It is still unclear whether the density of analytic polynomials in an H-admissible space is sufficient to the minimality of the space? This question has a purely foundational background, relating fundamental concepts from the theory of $$H^p$$

H
p

spaces. We hypothesize that there is no general relationship between the density of analytic polynomials and the R-admissibility of an H-admissible space. We solve this problem by finding suitable counterexamples of Hardy spaces built upon some weighted Lebesgue spaces. In particular, we provide a direct construction of weights from Szegő class, which guarantees the existence of isomorphic copies of the space of bounded sequences in weighted Hardy spaces on the unit disc.
Evaluating the microcystin-LR-degrading potential of bacteria growing in extreme and polluted environments
Authors: Lukhele Thabile , Msagati Titus Alfred Makudali
Published: May 2023

Inhabitants of extreme and polluted environments are attractive as candidates for environmental bioremediation. Bacteria growing in oil refinery effluents, tannery dumpsite soils, car wash effluents, salt pans and hot springs were screened for microcystin-LR biodegradation potentials. Using a colorimetric BIOLOG MT2 assay; Arthrobacter sp. B105, Arthrobacter junii, Plantibacter sp. PDD-56b-14, Acinetobacter sp. DUT-2, Salinivibrio sp. YH4, Bacillus sp., Bacillus thuringiensis and Lysinibacillus boronitolerans could grow in the presence of microcystin-LR at 1, 10 and 100 µg L−1. Most bacteria grew optimally at 10 µg L−1 microcystin-LR under alkaline pH (8 and 9). The ability of these bacteria to use MC-LR as a growth substrate depicts their ability to metabolize the toxin, which is equivalent to its degradation. Through PCR screening, these bacteria were shown to lack the mlr genes implying possible use of a unique microcystin-LR degradation pathway. The study highlights the wide environmental and taxonomic distribution of microcystin-LR degraders.
Schrödinger Operators with Oblique Transmission Conditions in $${\mathbb R}^2$$
Authors: Behrndt Jussi , Holzmann Markus , Stenzel Georg
Published: May 2023

In this paper we study the spectrum of self-adjoint Schrödinger operators in $$L^2(\mathbb {R}^2)$$

L
2

(

R

2

)

with a new type of transmission conditions along a smooth closed curve $$\Sigma \subseteq \mathbb {R}^2$$

Σ
⊆

R

2

. Although these oblique transmission conditions are formally similar to $$\delta '$$

δ
′

-conditions on $$\Sigma $$
Σ
(instead of the normal derivative here the Wirtinger derivative is used) the spectral properties are significantly different: it turns out that for attractive interaction strengths the discrete spectrum is always unbounded from below. Besides this unexpected spectral effect we also identify the essential spectrum, and we prove a Krein-type resolvent formula and a Birman-Schwinger principle. Furthermore, we show that these Schrödinger operators with oblique transmission conditions arise naturally as non-relativistic limits of Dirac operators with electrostatic and Lorentz scalar $$\delta $$
δ
-interactions justifying their usage as models in quantum mechanics.
Application of machine learning algorithm in prediction of lymph node metastasis in patients with intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer
Authors: Wang Xiangrong , Zhang Xiangxiang , Li Hengping , Zhang Mao , Liu Yang , Li Xuanpeng
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study aims to establish the best prediction model of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) through machine learning (ML), and provide the guideline of accurate clinical diagnosis and precise treatment for clinicals.

Methods

A total of 24,470 patients with intermediate- and high-risk PCa were included in this study. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to screen the independent risk factors of LNM. At the same time, six algorithms, namely random forest (RF), naive Bayesian classifier (NBC), xgboost (XGB), gradient boosting machine (GBM), logistic regression (LR) and decision tree (DT) are used to establish risk prediction models. Based on the best prediction performance of ML algorithm, a prediction model is established, and the performance of the model is evaluated from three aspects: area under curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity.

Results

In multivariate logistic regression analysis, T stage, PSA, Gleason score and bone metastasis were independent predictors of LNM in patients with intermediate- and high-risk PCa. By comprehensively comparing the prediction model performance of training set and test set, GBM model has the best prediction performance (F1 score = 0.838, AUROC = 0.804). Finally, we developed a preliminary calculator model that can quickly and accurately calculate the regional LNM in patients with intermediate- and high-risk PCa.

Conclusion

T stage, PSA, Gleason and bone metastasis were independent risk factors for predicting LNM in patients with intermediate- and high-risk PCa. The prediction model established in this study performs well; however, the GBM model is the best one.
Electrophysiological underpinnings of dysfunctional inhibitory control in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: evidence for reduced NoGo anteriorization
Authors: Papp Szilvia , Tombor László , Kakuszi Brigitta , Réthelyi János M. , Bitter István , Czobor Pál
Published: May 2023

Our aim was to delineate the electrophysiological basis of dysfunctional inhibitory control of adult ADHD via investigating the anteriorization of the P3 component of the event-related brain response associated with the NoGo task condition (i.e., NoGo anteriorization, NGA). NGA is a neurophysiological measure of brain topography for cognitive response control, which indexes an overall shift of the brain’s electrical activity in anterior direction towards the prefrontal areas. While the NoGo P3 received considerable attention in the adult ADHD literature, the brain topography of this component, which reflects the inhibitory process, remains largely unaddressed. EEG recordings were obtained during a Go/NoGo task from 51 subjects (n = 26 adult patients with ADHD, n = 25 healthy controls) using a high-density, 128-channel BioSemi ActiveTwo recording system. ADHD patients had significantly lower P3 NGA response compared to controls. The decrease in NGA was related to impulsivity scores as measured by the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale: patients with higher impulsivity scores had significantly lower NGA. Treatment with stimulant medication, as compared to the lack of such treatment, was associated with a correction of the lower NGA response in ADHD patients. The current study revealed a lower NGA in adult ADHD, a finding which is consistent with the inhibitory control and frontal lobe dysfunctions described in the disorder. Our finding of the inverse relationship between NGA and impulsivity suggests that clinically more severe impulsivity is linked to a more pronounced frontal dysfunction in adult ADHD subjects.
A case of coexistent poorly differentiated adenosquamous carcinoma (glassy cell carcinoma), usual-type adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the cervix
Authors: Habara Kouki , Nishikori Asami , Kiyama Jin , Nakashima Manami , Koda Masanori , Sasaki Kenji , Sakashita Tomohisa , Tanaka Norifumi , Yonehara Shuji
Published: May 2023

Poorly differentiated adenosquamous carcinoma (glassy cell carcinoma) of the cervix is extremely rare, accounting for 1–2% of all cervical cancers. Herein, we report a case with coexistent poorly differentiated adenosquamous carcinoma (glassy cell carcinoma), “usual-type” adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the cervix. A female patient in her 60 s was referred to our hospital and diagnosed with poorly differentiated adenosquamous carcinoma based on cervical cytology and biopsy. The tumor was classified as clinical stage IB1 cervical cancer following magnetic resonance imaging; radical hysterectomy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed poorly differentiated adenosquamous carcinoma (glassy cell carcinoma), usual-type adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma in situ, all coexisting. All carcinoma regions showed identical sizes to high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in fragment analysis. The patient is currently alive, without evidence of recurrence, 31 months post surgery. In this case, three different carcinomas coexisted. Fragment analysis of the patient’s HPV status suggested that all carcinomas were related to an infection with the same high-risk HPV type. To determine the precise mechanism of tumor development, i.e., whether the tumors were of the mixed or collision type, further studies are needed, including clonal analysis for the loss of heterozygosity pattern.
The Impact of Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Monoclonal Antibodies with and without Apheresis on Platelet Aggregation in Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Konečný Lukáš , Hrubša Marcel , Karlíčková Jana , Carazo Alejandro , Javorská Lenka , Matoušová Kateřina , Krčmová Lenka Kujovská , Blaha Vladimír , Bláha Milan , Mladěnka Přemysl
Published: May 2023

Background and aims

It is well known that elevated cholesterol is associated with enhanced platelet aggregation and patients suffering from familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) have a high risk of thrombotic cardiovascular events. Although decreasing cholesterol level is associated with attenuation of platelet hyperactivity, there are currently no data on the effect of convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 monoclonal antibodies (PCSK9ab) on platelet reactivity in FH. The aim of the study was to analyse the impact of different therapies including PCSK9ab on platelet aggregation in FH.

Methods

This study enrolled all 15 patients treated in the University Hospital Hradec Králové for FH. PCSK9ab have been administered in 12 of 15 patients while 8 patients were also undergoing lipid apheresis. Blood samples from all patients including pre- and post-apheresis period were tested for platelet aggregation triggered by 7 inducers, and the effect of 3 clinically used drugs (acetylsalicylic acid, ticagrelor and vorapaxar) was compared as well.

Results

Although apheresis decreased the reactivity of platelets in general, platelet responses were not different between non-apheresis patients treated with PCSK9ab and apheresis patients (post-apheresis values) with the exception of ristocetin. However, when compared to age-matched healthy population, FH patients had significantly lower platelet aggregation responses to 4 out of 7 used inducers and higher profit from 2 out of 3 used antiplatelet drugs even after exclusion of FH patients regularly receiving conventional antiplatelet treatment.

Conclusion

This study showed for the first time the suitability of PCSK9ab treatment for reduction of platelet reactivity in FH patients.
Parry response to Dialectical Anthropology forum on Classes of Labour
Authors: Parry Jonathan
Published: May 2023

The paragraphs that follow respond to some of the criticisms and comments that the contributors to this forum have made on my book. Many of these revolve around the central issue of social class and around my analysis of the manual blue-collar workforce of the central Indian steel town of Bhilai as sharply divided between two ‘classes of labour’ with separate and sometimes antagonistic interests. Some earlier commentaries on this argument had been sceptical, and many of the observations made here invoke much the same issues. In the first part of this response, I attempt to summarize my central argument about the class structure, the main criticisms of it, and my earlier attempts to answer these. The second part responds directly to the observations and comments made by those who have so generously
participated in the present discussion.
Isotopic niche of New Jersey terrapins suggests intraspecific resource partitioning, and little variability following a major hurricane
Authors: Denton Mathew J. , Hart Kristen M. , Wnek John , Moss Sarah A. , Avery Harold W.
Published: May 2023

Diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) are sexually dimorphic generalist turtles that inhabit salt marshes and estuaries along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. On October 29th, 2012, Hurricane Sandy made landfall in New Jersey, USA, directly impacting terrapin populations inhabiting central and southern Barnegat Bay. To examine potential food web mediated impacts to the terrapin population and their foraging dynamics we examined carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values collected from terrapin tissues (2011, 2015, 2019) and resource taxa (2015, 2019) within Barnegat Bay. Isotopic analysis revealed that mature females had lower carbon and higher nitrogen values than immature females and males with almost no isotopic niche overlap, whereas males and immature females had statistically similar values with overlapping niches. Terrapins and resources collected from island habitats contained higher carbon and nitrogen values than those from mainland habitats, with little overlap in niche between habitats. There were no significant temporal variations detected in either carbon or nitrogen values from terrapins between years, or within each habitat pre- and post-Hurricane Sandy. These findings suggest long-term terrapin foraging dynamics have remained relatively stable, signifying resilience to disturbance events within the study site.
Prospects of Hybrid Conjugated Polymers Loaded Graphene in Electrochemical Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Adedoja Oluwaseye Samson , Sadiku Emmanuel Rotimi , Hamam Yskandar
Published: May 2023

The synergy between graphene and conducting polymers has the potential to revolutionize the energy storage sector to a more dependable, sustainable, and affordable energy source. Introducing graphene nanoparticles in the conductive polymers (polypyrrole and polythiophene) nanoparticles is a prospective technique to increase the charge transfer efficiency of the resulting nanocomposite. Subsequently, the fabrication method of graphene-polymer nanoelectrode is the most critical factor responsible for their excellent performance. This review presents a concise summary of graphene (Gr), polypyrrole (PPy), and polythiophene (PTh) synthesis techniques. The study revealed that the dispersion of nanoparticles could be controlled by suitable solvent, mixing approach, and drying conditions. In addition, the PPy/PTh/Gr nanocomposite is envisaged to be a promising nanoelectrode for sustainable and efficient energy storage capabilities. The future approaches to developing improved materials synthesis techniques for multi-applications (supercapacitors, sensors, and photovoltaic) are also provided.
Nonlinear dynamics and safety aspects of pressure relief valves
Authors: Kadar Fanni , Stepan Gabor
Published: May 2023

Direct spring operated pressure relief valves are regular elements of high-pressure hydraulic systems; however, valve vibrations may still occur endangering the valve and the protected system. The damping of these vibrations is a crucial issue, whereas the external viscous damping at the valve cannot be increased boundlessly based on safety aspects. The vibrations emerge via Hopf bifurcations of either super- or subcritical type, and the nonlinear characteristics have an important role in the valve dynamics. Thorough nonlinear analysis is needed to guarantee safe operation. The linear stability analysis is extended by local and global bifurcation analysis to reveal the stable domains bounded by subcritical Hopf points and the possible bistabilities that exclude the safe operation. Afterwards, the effect of a downstream pipe is analysed, which can also carry safety risks based on the literature; however, the time delay originated in the wave propagation in the pipe may also have stabilising effects. The nonlinear analysis of the presented system compares analytical, semi-analytical and numerical results and assigns the safe parameter domains of the valve with respect to a wide range of relevant parameter variations.
3,4-Dioxygenated xanthones as antifouling additives for marine coatings: in silico studies, seawater solubility, degradability, leaching, and antifouling performance
Authors: Vilas-Boas Cátia , Silva Elisabete R. , Resende Diana , Pereira Beatriz , Sousa Gonçalo , Pinto Madalena , Almeida Joana R. , Correia-da-Silva Marta , Sousa Emília
Published: May 2023

Marine biofouling pollution is a process that impacts ecosystems and the global economy. On the other hand, traditional antifouling (AF) marine coatings release persistent and toxic biocides that accumulate in sediments and aquatic organisms. To understand the putative impact on marine ecosystems of recently described and patented AF xanthones (xanthones 1 and 2), able to inhibit mussel settlement without acting as biocides, several in silico environmental fate predictions (bioaccumulation, biodegradation, and soil absorption) were calculated in this work. Subsequently, a degradation assay using treated seawater at different temperatures and light exposures was conducted for a period of 2 months to calculate their half-life (DT50). Xanthone 2 was found to be non-persistent (DT50 < 60 days) at 50 μM, contrary to xanthone 1 (DT50 > 60 days). To evaluate the efficacy of both xanthones as AF agents, they were blended into four polymeric-based coating systems: polyurethane- and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based marine paints, as well as room-temperature-vulcanizing PDMS- and acrylic-based coatings. Despite their low water solubility, xanthones 1 and 2 demonstrated suitable leaching behaviors after 45 days. Overall, the generated xanthone-based coatings were able to decrease the attachment of the Mytilus galloprovincialis larvae after 40 h. This proof-of-concept and environmental impact evaluation will contribute to the search for truly environmental-friendly AF alternatives.
Environmental impact scenarios of organic fraction municipal solid waste treatment with Black Soldier Fly larvae based on a life cycle assessment
Authors: Ferronato Navarro , Paoli Riccardo , Romagnoli Francesco , Tettamanti Gianluca , Bruno Daniele , Torretta Vincenzo
Published: May 2023

Biowaste treatment with Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae is an alternative option for organic waste valorization. Its environmental impacts should be assessed and compared with conventional treatment options. The research aims to evaluate the treatment of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) with BSF larvae through a life cycle assessment (LCA). This study employed data inventories from literature and aimed to provide a wide range of production parameter values to identify the potentialities of BSF treatment in the best-case and worst-case scenarios. The SimaPro9, the database Ecoinvent3.5, and the impact assessment method IMPACT 2002+ have been employed for the analysis. A sensitivity analysis of relevant parameters was conducted, considering the avoided impacts that can be obtained thanks to the exploitation of larvae proteins for bioplastics or fishmeal production. Research findings highlight six main environmental impact indicators: respiratory inorganics (kg PM2.5-eq), ozone layer depletion (kg CFC-11-eq), terrestrial ecotoxicity (kg TEG soil), land occupation (m2 organic arable), global warming (kg CO2-eq), and non-renewable energy (MJ primary). The most relevant process generating impacts is BSF breeding, followed by boiling, storage, and OFMSW treatment. The environmental performance is better when the conventional fishmeal substituted, thanks to BSF larvae production, is made from areas 10,000 km far, implementing a 100% renewable energy scenario, reducing the energy consumption by 50%, increasing the lifespan of the equipment to 15 years, and products are employed locally. The current study represents the first attempt to evaluate the global higher or lower environmental impact scenario related to OFMSW treatment through BSF larvae.

Graphical Abstract
The prevalence of anthropogenic nest materials differs between two distinct populations of migratory birds in Europe
Authors: Jagiello Zuzanna , Dylewski Łukasz , Aguirre José I. , Białas Joanna T. , Dylik Andrzej , López-García Alejandro , Kaługa Ireneusz , Olszewski Adam , Siekiera Joachim , Tobółka Marcin
Published: May 2023

A major impact of human development is the transformation of natural habitats into farming lands and the expansion of built-up areas. Also, plastic pollution is affecting wildlife on a global scale. Discarded plastic is ubiquitous and accessible for birds, which can incorporate them into the nest structure. Here, we describe the differences in type, prevalence, and the amount of anthropogenic nest materials between two populations of terrestrial, mainly farmland bird, the white storkCiconia ciconia, on a broad geographical scale, from two migratory divides—eastern in Poland and western in Spain (in total 303 nests). In the two populations, we detected significant differences in the incorporation of anthropogenic nest material, as measured by the Human Footprint Index (HFI) and the Impervious Surface Areas (ISA). We found that ISA was positively related to anthropogenic nest material incorporation in the Spanish population, and HFI was positively related to anthropogenic nest material, in contrast to the Polish population, in which the relationships were not significant. Moreover, we showed that the prevalence of nests with anthropogenic nest material was two times higher in Spanish than in the Polish white stork population. This study demonstrates that the behavior of incorporation of the anthropogenic nest material differs between two distinct populations of a single bird species.
Hybrid system coupling ozonation and nanofiltration with functionalized catalytic ceramic membrane for ibuprofen removal
Authors: Szymański Kacper , Mozia Sylwia , Ayral Andre , Brosillon Stephan , Mendret Julie
Published: May 2023

The investigations on the removal of ibuprofen (IBU) in a hybrid system coupling ozonation and nanofiltration with functionalized catalytic ceramic membrane are presented. The gaseous ozone into feed water in concentration of 11 g Nm−3 was supplied. Positive influence of catalytic ozonation on ibuprofen decomposition was observed. The application of catalytic nanofiltration membrane led to the ibuprofen removal of 91% after the first 15 min from the beginning of the O3/NF process, while at the same time, for the pristine membrane, it was equal to 76%. The investigations revealed incomplete degradation of drug under pH 3 after 2 h, i.e., 89%. On the other hand, the addition of inorganic salts did not affect the catalytic ibuprofen removal efficiency. Under acidic pH, the highest permeate flux decline (26%) was noted, whereas no differences between permeate flux measured under natural and alkaline conditions were observed. During the treatment process, three IBU by-products were detected, which significantly affected the permeate toxicity; however, after 2 h of catalytic nanofiltration, the product of treatment process was found as non-toxic.
Screw Extrusion Additive Manufacturing of Carbon Fiber Reinforced PA6 Tools
Authors: Barera G. , Dul S. , Pegoretti A.
Published: May 2023

The creation of tools by additive manufacturing is becoming increasingly convenient for CFRP one-off and small batch production. Screw extrusion additive manufacturing of thermoplastic polymers has boosted the development of large format manufacturing solutions. Interlayer adhesion and anisotropic properties of a 3D printed part are indisputably key aspects of tool manufacturing process. In this study, thermal and mechanical properties of large format 40% carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 3D printed tools were determined. Moreover, the influence on part performance of two main printing parameters, deposition temperature and extruding pressure, was analyzed with respect to polymer melt rheology. The printed material revealed a highly anisotropic thermal and mechanical behavior associated with the alignment of the high carbon fiber content. The optimal process window was identified in terms of substrate deposition temperature. Along the print direction, no major impact on tensile and flexural mechanical properties was detected, while the injection molding values were exceeded by approximately 10%. The layer adhesion was estimated by measuring the stress at break on transversely Z-oriented specimens. Higher deposition temperatures and pressures, combined with lower viscosity, promote wetting and bond formation between layers, ultimately leading to more consistent performances. The best results in the transverse direction were achieved between 140 and 160 °C, reaching roughly a fifth of the longitudinal values. A significant drop in performance was detected below 120 °C, which was identified as the minimum process temperature. A post-process annealing heat treatment was also investigated, no beneficial outcomes were reported.
The human microbiome and gut–liver axis in people living with HIV
Authors: Duarte Maria J. , Tien Phyllis C. , Somsouk Ma , Price Jennifer C.
Published: May 2023

Purpose of Review

Chronic liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality amongst people living with HIV (PLWH). Emerging data suggests that gut microbial translocation may play a role in driving and modulating liver disease, a bi-directional relationship termed the gut–liver axis. While it is recognized that PLWH have a high degree of dysbiosis and gut microbial translocation, little is known about the gut–liver axis in PLWH.

Recent Findings

Recent studies have shown that microbial translocation can directly lead to hepatic inflammation, and have linked gut microbial signatures, dysbiosis, and translocation to liver disease in PLWH. Additionally, multiple trials have explored interventions targeting the microbiome in PLWH.

Emerging research supports the interaction between the gut microbiome and liver disease in PLWH. This offers new opportunities to expand our understanding of the pathophysiology of liver disease in this population, as well as to explore possible clinical interventions.
Supraorbital Nerve Stimulation for Facial Pain
Authors: Elkholy Mohamed Amgad Elsayed , Abd-Elsayed Alaa , Raslan Ahmed M.
Published: May 2023

Purpose of Review

Chronic facial pain is considered one of the conditions that affect quality of daily life of patients significantly and makes them seek medical help. Intractable facial pain with failed trials of medical treatment and other pain management therapies presents a challenge for neurologists, pain specialists, and neurosurgeons. We describe the possibility of proposing peripheral nerve stimulation of the supraorbital nerves to treat patients with medically intractable facial pain. Stimulation of the supraorbital nerves is performed using percutaneously inserted electrodes that are positioned in the epi-fascial plane, traversing the course of the supraorbital nerves. The procedure has two phases starting with a trial by temporary electrodes that are inserted under fluoroscopic guidance and are anchored to the skin. This trial usually lasts for a few days to 2 weeks. If successful, we proceed to the insertion of a permanent electrode that is tunneled under the skin behind the ear toward the infraclavicular region in which we make a pocket for the implantable pulse generator.

Recent Findings

This procedure has been used in multiple patients with promising results which was published in literature. Literature shows that it provides relief of medically intractable pain, without the need for destructive procedures or more central modulation approaches with a preferable safety profile compared to other invasive procedures.

Supraorbital nerve stimulation is now considered a valid modality of treatment for patients with medically intractable facial pain and can be offered as a reliable alternative for the patients while discussing the proper plan of management.
Salvigenin Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma Glycolysis and Chemoresistance Through Inactivating the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β Pathway
Authors: Shao Hui , Chen Jingyan , Li Ali , Ma Lili , Tang Yongzhi , Chen Huazhong , Chen Yongping , Liu Junyan
Published: May 2023

Salvigenin is a Trimethoxylated Flavone enriched in Scutellariae Barbatae Herba and Scutellariae Radix and is demonstrated to have anti-tumor properties in colon cancer. Notwithstanding, the function and mechanism of Salvigenin in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are less well studied. Different doses of Salvigenin were taken to treat HCC cells. Cell viability, colony formation ability, cell migration, invasion, apoptosis, glucose uptake, and lactate production levels were detected. As shown by the data, Salvigenin concentration dependently dampened HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, weakened glycolysis by abating glucose uptake and lactate generation, and suppressed the profiles of glycolytic enzymes. Moreover, Salvigenin strengthened HCC cells’ sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and attenuated HCC 5-FU-resistant cells’ resistance to 5-FU. Through network pharmacological analysis, we found Salvigenin potentially regulates PI3K/AKT pathway. As shown by the data, Salvigenin repressed the phosphorylated levels of PI3K, AKT, and GSK-3β. The PI3K activator 740Y-P induced PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway activation and promotive effects in HCC cells. However, Salvigenin substantially weakened 740Y-P-mediated effects. In-vivo assay revealed that Salvigenin hampered the growth and promoted apoptosis of HCC cells in nude mice. Collectively, Salvigenin impedes the aerobic glycolysis and 5-FU chemoresistance of HCC cells by dampening the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway.
Evaluation of Endothelial Progenitor Cell Characteristics as Clinical Biomarkers for Elderly Patients with Ischaemic Stroke
Authors: Rakkar Kamini , Othman Othman Ahmad , Sprigg Nikola , Bath Philip M. , Bayraktutan Ulvi
Published: May 2023

Ageing impairs endothelial function and predisposes the person to ischaemic stroke (IS). Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) repair endothelial damage and induce post-ischaemic neovascularisation. Given the prevalence of IS in older population, this study explored whether changes in EPC number and function may reliably predict the type or outcome of stroke in patients ≥ 65 years of age. For this, blood samples were collected once from healthy volunteers (HVs, n = 40) and four times (admission and days 7, 30 and 90 post-stroke) from participants with lacunar (n = 38) or cortical (n = 43) stroke. EPCs were counted with flow cytometry and defined as non-haematopoietic cells (CD45-) expressing markers for stemness (CD34 +), immaturity (CD133 +) and endothelial maturity (KDR +). Clonogenesis, tubulogenesis, migration and proliferation assays were performed as measures of EPC functionality. Biochemical profile of plasma inflammatory and angiogenic agents were studied using specific ELISAs. Primary outcome was disability or dependence on day 90 post-stroke, assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Compared to HVs, EPC numbers were higher in stroke patients at all time points studied, reaching significance at baseline and day 30. No differences in EPC counts and functionality were observed between lacunar and cortical stroke groups at any time. Plasma endostatin, PDGF-BB, TNF-α and VEGF levels were higher in stroke patients vs HVs. Patient outcome, evaluated by mRS on day 90 post-stroke, did not correlate with EPC count or functionality. Baseline EPC counts may serve as a diagnostic marker for stroke but fail to distinguish between different stroke subtypes and predict post-stroke outcome.

Graphical Abstract
SEOM-GEIS clinical guideline for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (2022)
Authors: Serrano César , Álvarez Rosa , Carrasco Juan Antonio , Marquina Gloria , Martínez-García Jerónimo , Martínez-Marín Virginia , Sala María Ángeles , Sebio Ana , Sevilla Isabel , Martín-Broto Javier
Published: May 2023

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin, and a paradigmatic model for a successful rational development of targeted therapies in cancer. The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors with activity against KIT/PDGFRA in both localized and advanced stages has remarkably improved the survival in a disease formerly deemed resistant to all systemic therapies. These guidelines are elaborated by the conjoint effort of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) and the Spanish Sarcoma Research Group (GEIS) and provide a multidisciplinary and updated consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of GIST patients. We strongly encourage that the managing of these patients should be performed within multidisciplinary teams in reference centers.
Gender Stereotypes and Sexualization in Italian Children’s Television Advertisements
Authors: Valtorta Roberta Rosa , Baldissarri Cristina , Raguso Giuseppe , D’Ecclesiis Giulia , Volpato Chiara
Published: May 2023

The objective of the present study was to examine gender stereotypes and sexualization in Italian television advertisements aimed at children. For this purpose, content analysis method was used to analyze 185 commercials broadcast from 6 pm to 8:30 pm over the three Italian television channels dedicated to children which attract the largest audience share. In order to allow comparison with previous research on gender stereotyping, two raters coded a series of variables common to similar investigations (i.e., verbs used in the ads, voice-over, voice-over message, setting, pace of the ads, activities performed by the main characters). Results indicate that gender stereotypes are still prevalent in Italian children’s television commercials. Furthermore, although the level of sexualization of children is low, we found that girls tend to be more sexualized than boys, especially in terms of “adultification.” Our findings provide an updated picture of children’s advertising in Italy by also expanding the literature on gender role stereotyping and sexualization in television commercials.
On the Direct and Indirect Effects of ICT on SMEs Export Performance: Evidence from Colombian Manufacturing
Authors: Gomez-Sanchez Andres Mauricio , Máñez Castillejo Juan A. , Sanchis-Llopis Juan Alberto
Published: May 2023

The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of ICT on the performance of Colombian manufacturing SMEs in export markets. In doing so, we explore the direct effect of ICT on exports and propose a new indirect effect that operates through imports: purchasing foreign intermediates incentivise ICT use, and ICT experience on imports exerts a positive impact on exports. To perform our empirical analysis, we estimate a dynamic generalised linear model (GLM) that accounts for the fact that export intensity is a proportion and corrects for sample selection. The dataset we use is the result of merging three databases: the Annual Manufacturing Survey (EAM); the Innovation and Technological Development Survey (EDIT), and the Annual ICT Manufacturing Survey (EAM-TIC), published by the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) in six waves since 2013 to 2018. Our main results uncover that the impacts of different ICT components on export intensity are always positive (direct effect). Further, there is also evidence that previous experience in ICT use on import activity affects the firm’s current export performance (indirect effect). Other results show persistence in export performance or self-selection to continue exporting, among others.
Factors affecting casing equivalent stress in multi-cluster fracturing of horizontal shale gas wells: finite element study on Weirong Block, southern Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Yang Zhao , Sun Rui
Published: May 2023

Multi-cluster fracturing technology was often used in horizontal well reservoir reconstruction to achieve production increase, which also affected casing equivalent stress distribution. This paper focuses on multi-cluster fracturing and establishes a fracturing model in line with the reality. The three-dimensional finite element model of multi-cluster fracture-formation-cement sheath-casing was proposed, the influence of cluster spacing and fracturing cluster number on casing equivalent stress was studied. On this basis, a single segment 8-cluster three-dimensional finite element model was developed. The influence of rock elastic modulus, casing inner wall pressure, geostress change and elastic modulus of cement sheath on casing equivalent stress was simulated from two aspects of uniform and non-uniform extrusion of wellbore. Actual data was used and analyzed for the fracturing section of a well in Weirong Block, southern Sichuan Basin, China. The results showed that the casing equivalent stress decreased with the increase of fracture dip angle. The casing equivalent stress increased with the increase of cluster spacing; however, it decreased with the increase of rock elastic modulus. The casing equivalent stress increased with the increase of casing wall pressure. Also, the cracks extrude the casing evenly did not affect the change on casing equivalent stress. It was also found that, when casing was uniformly squeezed by multiple fractures, the difference of ground stress had little effect on casing equivalent stress, while non-uniform extrusion had greater effect on casing equivalent stress. Further, when there was no wellhead pumping pressure, the casing equivalent stress increased with the increase of the elastic modulus of the cement sheath, and decreased on the contrary. The elastic modulus of rock was lower than that of cement sheath, and the casing equivalent stress increased with the increase of the elastic modulus of cement sheath, and decreased on the contrary. The research results had certain guiding significance for the prevention and control of casing damage in fracturing section.
Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithm-Based Enhancement of Photovoltaic Energy System Performance
Authors: Nasr Rowan , Abou-Zalam Belal , Nabil Essam
Published: May 2023

Photovoltaic panels (PVs) are solar panels that turn sunlight into electricity. Tracking the maximum power point (MPP) of PVs is especially important for economic issues. The most popular maximum power point tracking techniques are perturb and observation, hill climbing, constant voltage, parasitic capacitance, and incremental conductance (INC). However, these techniques give oscillated results about the MPP that causes low accuracy, especially in partial shading conditions. This paper is discussing the enhancement of photovoltaic energy system performance using several metaheuristic optimization algorithms. Using MATLAB SIMULINK, a comparative analysis of several algorithms for tracking MPP of PV systems under partially shadowed conditions was conducted. The metaheuristic optimization algorithms that are used in this paper are particle swarm optimization (PSO), cuckoo search algorithm (CSA), grey wolf optimization (GWO), and whale optimization algorithm (WOA). The results show that using WOA and GWO achieved the best efficiency in tracking MPP, whereas, using PSO and CSA achieved lower efficiency in tracking MPP. The MPP of the PV system was not tracked by INC under the partial shaded conditions.
Evaluation and Management of Carpal Instability
Authors: Wei Ryan , Gardner James E. , Schaaf Stephen , Hill J. Bradford , Bailowitz Zachary
Published: May 2023

Purpose of Review

This paper sets out to review the past and current literature on the evaluation and management of the various types of carpal instability.

Recent Findings

Carpal instability has many sub-types, and therefore, its evaluation and management widely differ. There are recent studies that indicate that while MRI and MR arthrography are the mainstays for evaluation, certain CT and radiographic measurements may be better at diagnosing scapholunate ligament tears. In addition, recent research has proposed multiple sonographic protocols in the evaluation of carpal ligament pathology. However, the comparison of ultrasound to other imaging modalities is limited. The research for operative and non-operative management of carpal instability is limited and often guided by expert opinion. To date, no studies exist on the use of novel injection techniques to treat carpal instability.

Evaluation of carpal instability is evolving, and ultrasound may play an increased role. Evidence regarding non-operative management of carpal instability is limited.
The Eccentric:Concentric Strength Ratio of Human Skeletal Muscle In Vivo: Meta-analysis of the Influences of Sex, Age, Joint Action, and Velocity
Authors: Nuzzo James L. , Pinto Matheus D. , Nosaka Kazunori , Steele James
Published: May 2023

For decades, researchers have observed that eccentric (ECC) muscle strength is greater than concentric (CON) muscle strength. However, knowledge of the ECC:CON strength ratio is incomplete and might inform resistance exercise prescriptions. Our purposes were to determine the magnitude of the ECC:CON ratio of human skeletal muscle in vivo and explore if sex, age, joint actions/exercises, and movement velocity impact it. A total of 340 studies were identified through searches. It was possible to analyse 1516 ECC:CON ratios, aggregated from 12,546 individuals who made up 564 groups in 335 of the identified studies. Approximately 98% of measurements occurred on isokinetic machines. Bayesian meta-analyses were performed using log-ratios as response variables then exponentiated back to raw ratios. The overall main model estimate for the ECC:CON ratio was 1.41 (95% credible interval [CI] 1.38–1.44). The ECC:CON ratio was slightly less in men (1.38 [CI 1.34–1.41]) than women (1.47 [CI 1.43–1.51]), and greater in older adults (1.62 [CI 1.57–1.68]) than younger adults (1.39 [CI 1.36–1.42]). The ratio was similar between grouped upper-body (1.42 [CI 1.38–1.46]) and lower-body joint actions/exercises (1.40 [CI 1.37–1.44]). However, heterogeneity in the ratio existed across joint actions/exercises, with point estimates ranging from 1.32 to 2.61. The ECC:CON ratio was most greatly impacted by movement velocity, with a 0.20% increase in the ratio for every 1°/s increase in velocity. The results show that ECC muscle strength is ~ 40% greater than CON muscle strength. However, the ECC:CON ratio is greatly affected by movement velocity and to lesser extents age and sex. Differences between joint actions/exercises likely exist, but more data are needed to provide more precise estimates.
An investigation of forces on a representative surface in a pulp flow through rotating and non-rotating grooves
Authors: Jouybari Nima Fallah , Engberg Birgitta , Persson Johan , Berg Jan-Erik , Lundström T. Staffan
Published: May 2023

Softwood pulp flow in rotating and non-rotating grooves is numerically simulated in the present study to investigate the fluid flow and the forces acting on a representative surface mounted in the groove. The viscosity of softwood pulp with various consistencies is available from the measurements reported in the literature providing the opportunity to examine the effects of fiber consistency on the velocity and pressure distribution within the groove. The simulations are carried out in OpenFOAM for different values of gap thickness, angular velocity and radial positions from which the pressure coefficient and shear forces values are obtained. It is found that the shear forces within the gap increase linearly with the angular velocity for all fiber consistencies investigated and in both grooves. Also, this behavior can be successfully predicted by modeling the gap flow as a Couette flow in a two-dimensional channel. Meanwhile, a more detailed analysis of the flow kinetic energy close to the stagnation point using Bernoulli’s principle is carried out to provide a better understanding of the pressure coefficient variation with angular velocity in the non-rotating groove. A comparison of pressure coefficients obtained numerically with those calculated by considering the compression effects revealed that the comparison effects are dominating in the pulp flow within the groove.
Informing Conceptual Issues Related to Autistic Children’s Right to Education Through a Literature Review of Their Lived Experience
Authors: Ducarre Lucie Margot
Published: May 2023

This paper aims at reviewing autistic children’s lived educational experience to inform ongoing legal and conceptual debates about their right to education. The results showed that autistic children display a great diversity of educational needs and preferences, which should be met with personalized solutions respectful of their individual and collective identity. Mainstream inclusion, while sometimes positive, also appeared at times to hinder the delivery of a quality and inclusive education, if nothing else due to sensory issues and overwhelming anxiety. This underlines the necessity to adopt a more neurodiverse interpretation of the notions of quality and inclusive education, in order to preserve and develop diverse and proper educational offers for each and every autistic child.