bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect on the inflammatory periodontal disease on quality of life of the individual and recovery possibilities
Authors: Беленова  , Belenova I. , Кобзева  , Kobzeva Galina
Published: June 2014

Analysis of the current literature shows that treatment and prevention of inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues remains an actual problem of dentistry in the XXI century. Existing approaches to the treatment, prevention and rehabilitation of patients with inflammatory diseases of parodont have certain disadvantages. The purpose of this study was to obtain positive results from the use of modulated diode light in the red spectrum region in the complex treatment of chronic periodontitis. The study shows the use of opportunities of determination of socio-dental indicators the social impact of dental disease in the clinical assessment of the status of periodontal tissues in the patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of gum. 59 patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group received traditional therapy and photodynamic therapy. The second group was a control. Assessment of the effect of dental disease on quality of life was carried out in all patients. The results of the study showed that after the complex treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis using modulated diode light in the red spectrum region, changes in the assessment of the impact of dental disease on quality of life are of stable positive. The results of the research motivate the necessity of applying and evaluating the impact of dental disease on quality of life in the rehabilitation of patients with chronic generalized parodontitis. The results of this study showed that after the complex treatment of chronic periodontitis using modulated diode light in the red spectrum region, changes in psychological status of patients have positive dynamics.
Scoliosis and anomalies of the craniovertebral transition: correlation or combination?
Authors: Глаголев  , Glagolev Nikolay , Козлитина  , Kozlitina T.
Published: June 2014

The paper presents the point of view of the anomaly Chiari 1 and retroareolar cyst from the position of the possible causal correlation of these diseases with scoliosis. Scoliosis occurs in patients with anomaly Chiari 1 according to different data from 35 to 60%. The authors didn’t find scientific information about the combination of retroareolar cysts with scoliosis. The authors made an attempt to combine these diseases from the point of view of a single etiopathogenetic mechanisms based on the study of blood flow at the level craniovertebral transition. Patients were divided into two groups and two subgroups. The first group included 67 patients with anomaly Chiari 1, the second – 26 patients with retroareolar cysts. Subgroups were formed from patients, necessarily had scoliosis: the subgroup «A» is for patients with scoliosis and anomaly Chiari 1, the subgroup “B” – for patients with scoliosis and retroareolar cyst. Neurological, x-ray examination was carried out in all patients. The diagnostic and treatment algorithm for patients with a combination of scoliosis and anomaly Chiari 1 taking into account the dominant pathology has been defined. It is established that scoliosis often combined with abnormalities of craniovertebral transition, including retroareolar cyst. Neurosurgical treatment of anomalies of craniovertebral transition can posi-tively influence on the course of the accompanying scoliosis.
The level of dental awareness in the patients with hemophilia
Authors: Габибуллаева  , Gabibullaeva S. , Абдурахманов  , Abdurakhmanov A.
Published: June 2014

The considerable prevalence of dental diseases in the patients with hemophilia is due to the absence of prevention and the proper care of the oral cavity, as well as regular medical examination. This category of patients reluctantly turns to the dentists for fear of bleeding, and the doctors for the same reason, avoid interventions in the mouth. Dental aspects of hemophilia are relevant problem of modern medicine due to the high intensity of organs and tissues of the oral cavity, a real risk of complications during dental procedures of therapeutic, surgical and orthopedic profiles. Epidemiological studies on lesions of the oral cavity in the patients with hereditary coagulative pathologies show a high prevalence of various dental disease, poor hygienic condition of the mouth, which entails a considerable need for dental treatment and prevention activities. To ensure timely quality dental care, control over the hygienic condition of oral cavity it is necessary to conduct regular examination of the state of the oral cavity in the patients with hemophilia. Dentists refuse to the patients in need of assistance because of fear of bleeding and the risk of infection with hepatitis and HIV infection. The high level of dental diseases at hemophilia may be due to the poor hygienic condition of the mouth, change of physicochemical properties of saliva and local immunity. Most patients with hemophilia brush their teeth not regularly and unsatisfactory. A vast number of microorganisms contained in this RAID, low local immunity can cause various diseases of the oral cavity. In this group of patients it is more important to prevent the development of dental disease than to treat them, for fear of complications.
Annualisation: an approach to consultant job planning
Authors: Baraheni Narmin , Gamal-Eldeen Hany , Gupta Deepak
Published: June 2014

Annualisation is a fairly new innovation in organisation of workforce. It allows the employees’ work pattern to be planned prospectively over a period of a year and the pay to be calculated based on the work performed at that period. It first appeared in Europe in the 1970s in the industrial sector. In the UK it has been used since the 1980s as a new management technique in manufacturing, and in the NHS. Increasingly, NHS employers find it difficult to reach agreements with consultants based on fixed weekly-programmed job planning. The new consultant contract provides a basis for implementing a much more effective system for planning of consultant activities. Annualisation is a comprehensive approach to job planning of consultants; it combines trust objectives with individual consultant commitments. In this article, we have considered the background of annualised hours and the relevant legislation framework in the UK, advantages and disadvantages for employers and employees, the key principals of implementation of annualisation of consultant job planning. We have also brought examples of the NHS trusts’ formulated policies in support of annualisation. We have concluded that considering the present circumstances in the NHS, annualisation of consultant job planning is beneficial for NHS trusts, particularly in terms of costs, and to the consultants in terms of accommodating their various commitments. Considering the current structure and strategic objectives in the NHS, we recommend this method of workforce management to be implemented widely in the NHS.
Proposing a carpal tunnel treatment centre: The Shouldice model revisited
Authors: Sadideen Hazim , Sadideen Faddy
Published: June 2014

The Shouldice Hospital prides itself with excellent hernia repair outcomes. The Shouldice concept exhibits a unique, successful business model, and is a clear example of the concept of a highly innovative value proposition. Exploring Shouldice's fundamental principles and extrapolating them to other settings might help healthcare professionals offer improvements to patient care. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common elective hand disorder, which can be debilitating for patients. Surgical intervention is extremely effective when necessary. It would be prudent to develop efficient pathways for the treatment of CTS, and other common disorders in the future. This review aims to explore the successes behind the Shouldice model, cross-fertilise surgical and management grounds by familiarising surgeons with the Shouldice model to help generate key ideas for the future, and extrapolate key information to postulate the ‘carpal tunnel treatment centre’ as a potential enterprise that can be designed on the basis of the Shouldice model. Optimal healthcare delivery while improving the patient journey, in a cost-effective manner, requires careful planning and execution. It is important to further explore and capitalise on this knowledge, to improve our service to patients and the multidisciplinary healthcare workforce, particularly in light of restructuring of the NHS and the reduction in training opportunities for surgical residents.
Advance care planning: taking time now will save time later
Authors: Dempsey Debbie
Published: June 2014

Advance care planning for residents with dementia is often challenging and difficult to initiate in the nursing home setting. Debbie Dempsey highlights areas for consideration and strategies for facilitating the process
Using volunteers to enhance quality and community involvement
Authors: Stott Ian
Published: June 2014

Ian Stott encourages care homes to welcome volunteers into their environment, in order to enhance residents' quality of life, build relationships with the local community and to develop new skills in the workplace
Words, words, words: conversation as a tool to promote wellbeing
Authors: Draper Peter
Published: June 2014

Staff in care homes must be aware of how they greet and converse with older residents. Through training and discussion with colleagues, managers can help promote positive interactions and eliminate condescending and careless language, says Peter Draper
Parting with paper: best practice in electronic record keeping
Authors: Turner Steve
Published: June 2014

Steve Turner examines how improvements can be made in residential and nursing homes, with particular focus on the use of electronic medicines administration record (eMAR) charts and provides checklists of important items that will support implementation
World alliance for arts education: A reflection upon seven years of advocacy
Authors: Buck Ralph
Published: June 2014

The World Alliance for Arts Education (WAAE) is a peak arts organization that aims to foster diverse and sustainable arts education. This article traces the journey and emergence of the WAAE from an idea in 2006 to an internationally respected alliance today. The journey of WAAE has included 1000s of arts educators across the globe. This account of the WAAE takes an insider perspective, providing a kind of travelogue, an auto-narrative noting key events, places and persons in respective organizations and vital partnerships. The article reflects upon dominant emergent issues raised over seven years and issues that inform the development of non-government organizations and alliances. The journey of this narrative begins by quickly highlighting a key destination we arrived at in Paris in 2012. Noting this endpoint upfront, contextualizes the journey of the article but also the journey of the WAAE.
So we can dance! Towards a new inclusive Australian dance curriculum – power, contestations and settlements
Authors: Meiners Jeff
Published: June 2014

This article uses autoethnographic writing in a research study that encompasses aspects of a personal and professional journey to locate dance within school cultures. Critical Discourse Analysis was utilized to investigate factors impacting on the construction and realization of a dance curriculum for all primary school students in Australia. The investigation is informed by Bourdieuian and Foucaultian approaches to reveal discourses, struggles and the effects of power in the construction of a new school dance curriculum within the context of political and micro-political interests related to dance education. In the neo-liberal context of the globalized idea of a national curriculum, dance as a learning experience in schools is usually located at the bottom of a deeply entrenched curriculum hierarchy. The article provides insight into the dance curriculum deliberation and settlement process, contributing to arts curriculum development research.
Book Reviews
Authors: Hjelde Katrine , Lim Maria , Wasilewski Marek
Published: June 2014

Artist, Researcher, Teacher: A Study of Professional Identity in Art and Education, Alan Thornton (2012) Bristol: Intellect, 96 pp., ISBN: 9781841506449, p/bk, £16/$23

The Art and Craft of Pedagogy: Portraits of Effective Teachers, Richard Hickman (2011) London and New York: Bloomsbury, 174 pp., ISBN: 9781847062901, p/bk, £24.99

Black Mountain College: Experiment in Art, Vincent Katz (ed.) (2013) Cambridge, MA and London: MIT Press, 352 pp., ISBN: 9780262518451, p/bk, £27.95
Coragem: Um novo tópico da psicologia positiva
Authors: Barros-Oliveira José H.
Published: June 2014

A Coragem é um construto que deve ser incluído dentro da Psicologia Positiva. Depois de aludir a alguma bibliografia, dá-se conta de um trabalho de campo com uma amostra total de 427 sujeitos (162 jovens, 150 adultos, 115 idosos). Através da análise de conteúdo foi possível identificar algumas categorias e subcategorias sobre as três questões formuladas: conceito de coragem, atitudes/acções corajosas, razões de falta de coragem. Dá‑se conta ainda do resultado de três perguntas fechadas inquirindo sobre quem é mais corajoso: o homem ou a mulher; os jovens, os adultos ou os idosos; as pessoas religiosas ou não religiosas. As respostas não são muito concludentes quanto ao sexo e à idade, mas consideram as pessoas religiosas mais corajosas. Conclui-se desejando uma maior educação/promoção deste valor/virtude, importante a nível pessoal e comunitário.
Religiosidade e comportamento desviante na adolescência: dados de um estudo empírico
Authors: Dias Maria da Luz Vale
Published: June 2014

Embora a literatura apresente dados a favor de uma relação negativa entre a religiosidade e os comportamentos desviantes, resultados discrepantes de diversos estudos justificam mais investigação sobre este tema. O presente estudo analisa a relação entre religiosidade (crença e práticas religiosas) dos adolescentes e os comportamentos desviantes. Baseia-se na análise das respostas a questionários administrados a mais de quatro centenas de rapazes e raparigas (17-18 anos) que, na primeira fase (1992/1993) do estudo longitudinal de Coimbra, frequentavam o 4º ano do ensino básico em escolas públicas deste concelho. Os dados referem-se à segunda fase de avaliação dessa coorte e tendem a confirmar a ideia de que a religião pode funcionar como um factor protector relativamente a alguns comportamentos desviantes, entre os quais a delinquência e o consumo de substâncias. Mostram ainda que a regularidade das práticas religiosas se encontra associada a uma certa diminuição daquele tipo de comportamento. Particular atenção foi dada à análise das relações estabelecidas, retirando implicações para o desenvolvimento de futuras investigações.
A Personalidade e os Resultados Escolares
Authors: Ferreira Cristina , Alves Paulo
Published: June 2014

As investigações desenvolvidas nas últimas décadas apontam a existência de correlações entre alguns dos traços da personalidade e o desempenho escolar (Farsides & Woodfield, 2003; Chamarro-Premuzic, Moutafi, & Furnham, 2005; Conard, 2006; Komarrajau, Karau, & Schemeck, 2009; Poropat, 2009). Têm sido comprovadas ligações bastante sólidas e estáveis entre vários indicadores de desempenho escolar e as características assumidas pelo sujeito. Neste encalço, motivados pelo interesse e proveito pedagógico que despoletam estas constatações empíricas, decidimos avançar com uma investigação que procurou conhecer a relação existente entre as características da personalidade dos alunos e os resultados escolares por estes obtidos. A partir do Perfil e Inventário de Personalidade de Gordon – GPP-I, avaliaramse três turmas do 12ºano de escolaridade, de áreas de formação distintas. Os resultados alcançados nesta investigação acompanham globalmente de perto as investigações anteriormente referenciadas. As características como a responsabilidade e prudência são significativas na obtenção de bons resultados, na medida em que quanto maiores forem os níveis de responsabilidade e prudência melhores se revelam os resultados escolares.
Liderança da escola e aprendizagem dos alunos: um estudo de caso numa escola secundária
Authors: Silva Sofia Micaela , Lima Jorge Ávila de
Published: June 2014

O presente artigo debruça-se sobre a relação entre a liderança da escola e os resultados obtidos pelos alunos. A questão de pesquisa central que se procurou esclarecer foi a de saber se e de que modo aquela liderança tem impacto na aprendizagem escolar dos estudantes. Para esclarecer o assunto, foi realizado um estudo de caso único, de cariz qualitativo, numa escola secundária pública portuguesa. Os resultados parecem convergir com vários dos pressupostos dos modelos de práticas de liderança preconizados por Leithwood et al. (2004, 2006) e Day et al. (2009). De acordo com os testemunhos recolhidos, e apesar das limitações evidentes de uma escola localizada num meio rural, os resultados escolares dos alunos pareciam estar, de forma directa e indirecta, associados às práticas de liderança desenvolvidas pelo director.
Promover o bem-estar de idosos institucionalizados: Um estudo exploratório com treino em mindfulness
Authors: Lima Margarida Pedroso de , Oliveira Albertina L. , Godinho Patrícia
Published: June 2014

O objectivo do presente artigo é apresentar os resultados da aplicação de uma intervenção baseada nos princípios do mindfulness, a qual visou promover o bem-estar de idosos institucionalizados. A amostra é constituída por sete idosos residentes na Unidade de Saúde de Coimbra – Fernão Mendes Pinto – com uma média de idades de 75.1 anos, alfabetizados, com ausência de défices sensoriais e de declínio cognitivo. As investigadoras usaram um design pré-experimental e os instrumentos aplicados no pré e pós teste foram o Exame do Estado Mental (MMSE), a Escala de Afectividade Positiva e Negativa (PANAS), a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida (SWLS), a Escala COOP/WONCA Charts, a Escala de Faces para a avaliação da intensidade da dor e a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS). A nível do pós teste utilizou-se também o Questionário para Idosos Pós-Treino em Mindfulness A intervenção teve uma duração de 9 semanas, tendo sido realizadas 27 sessões (3 por semana de 50 minutos de duração). Foram usadas técnicas de meditação, de respiração e de movimento mindfulness, no sentido de aumentar o bem-estar e o controlo da dor dos participantes. Os resultados indicaram ganhos significativos nos níveis de depressão, entre o pré e pós teste, bem como mudanças positivas nas dimensões cognitiva, emocional, física e comportamental, avaliadas através do Questionário para Idosos Pós-Treino em Mindfulness. Não se verificaram outras mudanças significativas nos restantes instrumentos referidos.
Aprendizagem e(m) Colaboração: Reflexões Sobre um Projeto de Intervenção/Formação numa EB 2/3
Authors: Forte Ana , Flores Maria Assunção
Published: June 2014

Neste artigo apresentamos dados relativos ao design, implementação e avaliação de um projeto de intervenção/formação “Aprendizagem e(m) Colaboração” desenvolvido numa EB2/3, situada no Norte de Portugal. Tratou-se de um projeto de formação e reflexão conjunta sobre processos de desenvolvimento profissional (DP) e práticas colaborativas, no âmbito de um estudo mais vasto, ao longo de um conjunto de sessões que decorreram entre outubro de 2008 e maio 2009. Embora tenha tido por base um design flexível, o projeto de intervenção/formação teve como objetivos: i) analisar as oportunidades de aprendizagem no contexto de trabalho; ii) promover a reflexão sobre o desenvolvimento profissional dos professores quer numa perspetiva individual, quer enquanto membros de uma comunidade/organização; iii) refletir sobre a colaboração, suas potencialidades e constrangimentos no contexto de trabalho; iv) potenciar e criar espaços de partilha e aprendizagem no seio dos departamentos; v) promover uma experiência de colaboração com um grupo de professores. Os resultados sugerem que os contextos escolares não têm proporcionado as melhores condições para o DP dos professores e para o desenvolvimento de práticas de colaboração. Neste sentido, torna-se premente construir projetos de formação em contexto escolar para a colaboração e para a promoção nas escolas de espaços e culturas colaborativas com vista a um DP mais efetivo e eficaz, como resposta aos desafios da docência do séc. XXI.
Os Mecanismos Sóciocognitivos e o Bem-Estar Psicológico: Proposta de um Modelo Integrativo
Authors: Ramos Ludovina Almeida , Paixão Maria Paula , Simões Maria de Fátima
Published: June 2014

No presente artigo procedemos à apresentação do Modelo Integrativo do Bem-estar Psicológico, conceptualização explicativa exploratória do bem-estar psicológico que decorre da intersecção de duas abordagens: a Teoria da Auto-Determinação (SDT), de Deci e Ryan e a Teoria-Sóciocognitiva de Carreira (e o Modelo Normativo do Bem-Estar Subjectivo, em particular), de Lent e colaboradores. O Modelo Integrativo em questão pretende avançar com uma proposta de explicação e integração dos principais mecanismos (sóciocognitivos) e variáveis (motivacionais) que contribuem para o bem-estar psicológico, nomeadamente através: a) da sistematização dos aspectos conceptuais do bem-estar e das relações que se estabelecem entre as variáveis com ele relacionadas; b) da descrição e compreensão do papel dos mecanismos sóciocognitivos e da satisfação das necessidades básicas do ser humano (autonomia, competência e vínculo) na satisfação global com a vida; c) do entendimento do modo como as variáveis organísmicas e contextuais actuam na satisfação num dado domínio de vida, em particular (e.g., académico), e na percepção de desenvolvimento e crescimento pessoais, em geral.
Atribuições Causais do (In)sucesso Académico no Ensino Superior: Padrões Diferenciais de Professores e Estudantes
Authors: Ferreira Marco Maia , Bidarra Maria da Graça Amaro , Raposo Nicolau Vasconcelos
Published: June 2014

O presente estudo procura testar a existência de um padrão egodefensivo nos processos de atribuição de estudantes e professores relativamente ao sucesso e ao insucesso académico no ensino superior. Os dados foram recolhidos junto de 558 estudantes e 202 professores portugueses, pertencentes a seis instituições de ensino superior, que responderam a um questionário elaborado para o efeito: Questionário de Atribuições Causais do Rendimento Académico (QACRA). Os resultados obtidos apontam para a existência de padrões diferenciais de professores e estudantes, permitindo concluir que o padrão egodefensivo está apenas presente nas respostas dos primeiros, dados que podemos ainda interpretar à luz das representações sociais e da identidade profissional dos professores.
Teacher training in the use of a three-dimensional immersive virtual world: Building understanding through first-hand experiences
Authors: Oh Kevin , Nussli Natalie
Published: June 2014

This study offers recommendations and a model for other teacher educators who are interested in training teachers in the use of three-dimensional (3D) immersive virtual worlds (IVWs) for their own teaching. Twelve special education teachers collaboratively explored the usability of Second Life (SL) for special education by completing a full inquiry cycle to develop the ability to make informed decisions about the affordances and challenges of virtual world teaching and to help identify effective components for virtual worlds teacher training. Ten educational SL islands were explored critically. Mixed-methods data analysis and triangulation were based on the analysis and synthesis of a preliminary survey, a mid-reflection after several virtual explorations, the collaborative analysis of an existing SL lesson plan, the collaborative development of a SL lesson plan, a post-reflection, and a post-survey. Several key benefits of 3D IVWs for special education students emerged from the qualitative analyses, namely social skills practice, collaborative learning towards a joint goal with a competitive element, and increased motivation to participate, especially for topics that would otherwise be perceived as boring. The qualitative data informed the development of guidelines for virtual worlds teacher training and the elements of an ideal SL island designed for special education. The change of attitude towards the usability of virtual worlds in education as a result of the workshop was not statistically significant.
Creating a technology-rich associate degree program in office administration
Authors: White Allison , Hostetler Leanna R.
Published: June 2014

Providing ideas to others who wish to explore the process of making a degree program technology rich is critical to faculty who are building best practice programs. Technology rich is defined here as technology-filled environments and curriculum that include innovative hardware and software combined with technologically enhanced activities and assessments. This literature review reveals a research gap in several areas relating to best practices with respect to the impact of integrating technology into teaching and learning. More quantitative studies that discuss research methodology and professional development in technological pedagogy are needed. Often research efforts have yielded no common definitions, significant differences, or guidelines to measure effectiveness. This article posits arguments for a more systematic study of how technology integration occurs within our schools, what increases its adoption by teachers, and the long-term impacts that these investments have on both teachers and students (Lawless & Pellegrino, 2007). In addition to the program background and findings on technology in education, this article also articulates a case example of a technology implementation in an associate degree program. Concluding with the students’ perspective, insight is offered into this program’s continued effort to bridge the gap of the digital divide for a student population of predominantly rural, underserved, and disadvantaged through a student-focused atmosphere and curriculum (Goode, 2010). A technology transformation and semester transition of an Associate of Applied Business degree program for office administration (OA) in rural Ohio is delineated.
Is transactional memory an oxymoron?
Authors: Hill Mark D.
Published: June 2014

Transactional memory (TM) was invented 15 years ago [1]. Recently, however, TM activity has exploded [2], as the proliferation of multicore chips has provoked researchers to revisit support for parallel programming. Since some regard me as a TM expert, most of my talk will summarize TM's goals and implementation options, primarily by developing a taxonomy and using Wisconsin LogTM [3, 4] as a case study. In particular, I will consider TM implementations via software, hardware, and hybrids, as well as important design choices, such as how to buffer TM writes and when to detect TM conflicts.

I will conclude with forward-looking comments regarding TM and database transactions. In theory, the two concepts have many similarities. In practice, however, they differ substantially. First, today's TM exclusively targets concurrency, while database transactions seek reliability first. Second, TM implementations focus in operations with caches and memory, while database transactions deal more with the more substantial access gap between memory and disks. Finally, I will speculate on cross-fertilization opportunities between TM and database transactions. I will not provide answers here, in part because you are the database experts. Nevertheless, I hope to encourage us all to ask the right questions.
What's wrong with high-dimensional similarity search?
Authors: Blott Stephen , Weber Roger
Published: June 2014

Similarity search in high-dimensional vector spaces has been the subject of substantial research, motivated in part by the need to provide query support for images and other complex data types. The paper VLDB 1998 paper "Quantitative Analysis and Performance Study for Similarity-Search Methods in High-Dimensional Spaces" analyses why this search problem can be so tricky, and shows with intuitive yet formal proofs that nearest-neighbour search is fundamentally linear beyond a certain dimensionality. Consequently, the paper proposes a new, linear search structure (the VA-File) which focuses on accelerating the indispensable sequential scan with approximations and computational schemes to reduce both CPU and IO efforts. Experiments with both synthetic and image data showed -- surprisingly, at the time -- that such schemes outperform hierarchical methods in all cases where the dimensionality is greater than five. In this paper, we review that work and identify both what we got right in the paper and its impact, and also (with the benefit of hindsight) those elements of the work for which we were off the mark. The lessons learned are relevant not just to the narrow area of similarity search, but also more broadly across the fields of databases and computing.
Clustera
Authors: DeWitt David J. , Paulson Erik , Robinson Eric , Naughton Jeffrey , Royalty Joshua , Shankar Srinath , Krioukov Andrew
Published: June 2014

This paper introduces Clustera, an integrated computation and data management system. In contrast to traditional cluster-management systems that target specific types of workloads, Clustera is designed for extensibility, enabling the system to be easily extended to handle a wide variety of job types ranging from computationally-intensive, long-running jobs with minimal I/O requirements to complex SQL queries over massive relational tables. Another unique feature of Clustera is the way in which the system architecture exploits modern software building blocks including application servers and relational database systems in order to realize important performance, scalability, portability and usability benefits. Finally, experimental evaluation suggests that Clustera has good scale-up properties for SQL processing, that Clustera delivers performance comparable to Hadoop for MapReduce processing and that Clustera can support higher job throughput rates than previously published results for the Condor and CondorJ2 batch computing systems.
Plan-based complex event detection across distributed sources
Authors: Akdere Mert , Çetintemel Uǧur , Tatbul Nesime
Published: June 2014

Complex Event Detection (CED) is emerging as a key capability for many monitoring applications such as intrusion detection, sensor-based activity & phenomena tracking, and network monitoring. Existing CED solutions commonly assume centralized availability and processing of all relevant events, and thus incur significant overhead in distributed settings. In this paper, we present and evaluate communication efficient techniques that can efficiently perform CED across distributed event sources.

Our techniques are
plan-based:
we generate multi-step event acquisition and processing plans that leverage temporal relationships among events and event occurrence statistics to minimize event transmission costs, while meeting application-specific latency expectations. We present an optimal but exponential-time dynamic programming algorithm and two polynomial-time heuristic algorithms, as well as their extensions for detecting multiple complex events with common sub-expressions. We characterize the behavior and performance of our solutions via extensive experimentation on synthetic and real-world data sets using our prototype implementation.
Parallelizing query optimization
Authors: Han Wook-Shin , Kwak Wooseong , Lee Jinsoo , Lohman Guy M. , Markl Volker
Published: June 2014

Many commercial RDBMSs employ cost-based query optimization exploiting dynamic programming (DP) to efficiently generate the optimal query execution plan. However, optimization time increases rapidly for queries joining more than 10 tables. Randomized or heuristic search algorithms reduce query optimization time for large join queries by considering fewer plans, sacrificing plan optimality. Though commercial systems executing query plans in parallel have existed for over a decade, the optimization of such plans still occurs serially. While modern microprocessors employ multiple cores to accelerate computations, parallelizing query optimization to exploit multi-core parallelism is not as straightforward as it may seem. The DP used in join enumeration belongs to the challenging
nonserial polyadic
DP class because of its non-uniform data dependencies. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive and practical solution for parallelizing query optimization in the multi-core processor architecture, including a parallel join enumeration algorithm and several alternative ways to allocate work to threads to balance their load. We also introduce a novel data structure called
skip vector array
to significantly reduce the generation of join partitions that are infeasible. This solution has been prototyped in PostgreSQL. Extensive experiments using various query graph topologies confirm that our algorithms allocate the work evenly, thereby achieving almost linear speed-up. Our parallel join enumeration algorithm enhanced with our skip vector array outperforms the conventional generate-and-filter DP algorithm by up to two orders of magnitude for star queries-linear speedup due to parallelism and an order of magnitude performance improvement due to the skip vector array.
STBenchmark
Authors: Alexe Bogdan , Tan Wang-Chiew , Velegrakis Yannis
Published: June 2014

A fundamental problem in information integration is to precisely specify the relationships, called mappings, between schemas. Designing mappings is a time-consuming process. To alleviate this problem, many mapping systems have been developed to assist the design of mappings. However, a benchmark for comparing and evaluating these systems has not yet been developed.

We present STBenchmark, a solution towards a much needed benchmark for mapping systems. We first describe the challenges that are unique to the development of benchmarks for mapping systems. After this, we describe the three components of STBenchmark: (1) a basic suite of mapping scenarios that we believe represents a minimum set of transformations that should be readily supported by any mapping system, (2) a mapping scenario generator as well as an instance generator that can produce complex mapping scenarios and, respectively, instances of varying sizes of a given schema, (3) a simple usability model that can be used as a first-cut measure on the case of use of a mapping system. We use STBenchmark to evaluate four mapping systems and report our results, as well as describe some interesting observations.
Sliding-window top-k queries on uncertain streams
Authors: Jin Cheqing , Yi Ke , Chen Lei , Yu Jeffrey Xu , Lin Xuemin
Published: June 2014

Query processing on uncertain data streams has attracted a lot of attentions lately, due to the imprecise nature in the data generated from a variety of streaming applications, such as readings from a sensor network. However, all of the existing works on uncertain data streams study unbounded streams. This paper takes the first step towards the important and challenging problem of answering sliding-window queries on uncertain data streams, with a focus on arguably one of the most important types of queries---top-
k
queries.

The challenge of answering sliding-window top-
k
queries on uncertain data streams stems from the strict space and time requirements of processing both arriving and expiring tuples in high-speed streams, combined with the difficulty of coping with the exponential blowup in the number of possible worlds induced by the uncertain data model. In this paper, we design a unified framework for processing sliding-window top-
k
queries on uncertain streams. We show that all the existing top-
k
definitions in the literature can be plugged into our framework, resulting in several succinct synopses that use space much smaller than the window size, while are also highly efficient in terms of processing time. In addition to the theoretical space and time bounds that we prove for these synopses, we also present a thorough experimental report to verify their practical efficiency on both synthetic and real data.
Conditioning probabilistic databases
Authors: Koch Christoph , Olteanu Dan
Published: June 2014

Past research on probabilistic databases has studied the problem of answering queries on a static database. Application scenarios of probabilistic databases however often involve the conditioning of a database using additional information in the form of new evidence. The conditioning problem is thus to transform a probabilistic database of priors into a posterior probabilistic database which is materialized for subsequent query processing or further refinement. It turns out that the conditioning problem is closely related to the problem of computing exact tuple confidence values.

It is known that exact confidence computation is an NP-hard problem. This has led researchers to consider approximation techniques for confidence computation. However, neither conditioning nor exact confidence computation can be solved using such techniques. In this paper we present efficient techniques for both problems. We study several problem decomposition methods and heuristics that are based on the most successful search techniques from constraint satisfaction, such as the Davis-Putnam algorithm. We complement this with a thorough experimental evaluation of the algorithms proposed. Our experiments show that our exact algorithms scale well to realistic database sizes and can in some scenarios compete with the most efficient previous approximation algorithms.
Taming verification hardness
Authors: Shang Haichuan , Zhang Ying , Lin Xuemin , Yu Jeffrey Xu
Published: June 2014

Graphs are widely used to model complicated data semantics in many applications. In this paper, we aim to develop efficient techniques to retrieve graphs, containing a given query graph, from a large set of graphs. Considering the problem of testing subgraph isomorphism is generally NP-hard, most of the existing techniques are based on the framework of
filtering
-and-
verification
to reduce the precise computation costs; consequently various novel feature-based indexes have been developed. While the existing techniques work well for small query graphs, the verification phase becomes a bottleneck when the query graph size increases. Motivated by this, in the paper we firstly propose a novel and efficient algorithm for testing subgraph isomorphism, QuickSI. Secondly, we develop a new feature-based index technique to accommodate QuickSI in the filtering phase. Our extensive experiments on real and synthetic data demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of the proposed techniques, which significantly improve the existing techniques.
Propagating functional dependencies with conditions
Authors: Fan Wenfei , Ma Shuai , Hu Yanli , Liu Jie , Wu Yinghui
Published: June 2014

The dependency propagation problem is to determine, given a view defined on data sources and a set of dependencies on the sources, whether another dependency is guaranteed to hold on the view. This paper investigates dependency propagation for recently proposed conditional functional dependencies (CFDs). The need for this study is evident in data integration, exchange and cleaning since dependencies on data sources often only hold
conditionally
on the view. We investigate dependency propagation for views defined in various fragments of relational algebra, CFDs as view dependencies, and for source dependencies given as either CFDs or traditional functional dependencies (FDs). (a) We establish lower and upper bounds,
all matching
, ranging from PTIME to undecidable. These not only provide the
first
results for CFD propagation, but also extend the classical work of FD propagation by giving new complexity bounds in the presence of finite domains. (b) We provide the first algorithm for computing a minimal cover of
all
CFDs propagated via SPC views; the algorithm has the same complexity as one of the most efficient algorithms for computing a cover of FDs propagated via a projection view, despite the increased expressive power of CFDs and SPC views. (c) We experimentally verify that the algorithm is efficient.
End-to-end support for joins in large-scale publish/subscribe systems
Authors: Chandramouli Badrish , Yang Jun
Published: June 2014

We address the problem of supporting a large number of select-join subscriptions for wide-area publish/subscribe. Subscriptions are joins over different tables, with varying interests expressed as range selection conditions over table attributes. Naive schemes, such as computing and sending join results from a server, are inefficient because they produce redundant data, and are unable to share dissemination costs across subscribers and events. We propose a novel, scalable scheme that group-processes and disseminates a general mix of multi-way select-join subscriptions. We also propose a simple and application-agnostic extension to
content-driven networks (CN)
, which further improves sharing of dissemination costs. Experimental evaluations show that our schemes can generate orders of magnitude lower network traffic at very low processing cost. Our extension to CN can further reduce traffic by another order of magnitude, with almost no increase in notification latency.
Scalable ranked publish/subscribe
Authors: Machanavajjhala Ashwin , Vee Erik , Garofalakis Minos , Shanmugasundaram Jayavel
Published: June 2014

Publish/subscribe (pub/sub) systems are designed to efficiently match incoming events (e.g., stock quotes) against a set of subscriptions (e.g., trader profiles specifying quotes of interest). However, current pub/sub systems only support a simple binary notion of matching: an event either matches a subscription or it does not; for instance, a stock quote will either match or not match a trader profile. In this paper, we argue that this simple notion of matching is inadequate for many applications where only the "best" matching subscriptions are of interest. For instance, in targeted Web advertising, an incoming user ("event") may match several different advertiser-specified user profiles ("subscriptions"), but given the limited advertising real-estate, we want to quickly discover the best (e.g., most relevant) ads to display.

To address this need, we initiate a study of
ranked
pub/sub systems. We focus on the case where subscriptions correspond to interval ranges (e.g, age in [25,35] and salary > $50, 000), and events are points that match all the intervals that they stab (e.g., age=28, salary = $65,000). In addition, each interval has a score and our goal is to quickly recover the top-scoring matching subscriptions. Unfortunately, adapting existing index structures to solve this problem results in either an unacceptable space overhead or a significant performance degradation. We thus propose two novel index structures that are both compact and efficient. Our experimental evaluation shows that the proposed structures provide a scalable basis for designing ranked pub/sub systems.
Generating XML structure using examples and constraints
Authors: Cohen Sara
Published: June 2014

This paper presents a framework for automatically generating structural XML documents. The user provides a target DTD and an example of an XML document, called a
Generate-XML-By-Example Document
, or a
GxBE document
, for short. GxBE documents use a natural declarative syntax, which includes XPath expressions and the function count. Using GxBE documents, users can express important global and local characteristics for the desired target documents, and can require satisfaction of XPath expressions from a given workload. This paper explores the problem of efficiently generating a document that satisfies a given DTD and GxBE document.
Read-optimized databases, in depth
Authors: Holloway Allison L. , DeWitt David J.
Published: June 2014

Recently, a number of papers have been published showing the benefits of column stores over row stores. However, the research comparing the two in an "apples-to-apples" way has left a number of unresolved questions. In this paper, we first discuss the factors that can affect the relative performance of each paradigm. Then, we choose points within each of the factors to study further. Our study examines five tables with various characteristics and different query workloads in order to obtain a greater understanding and quantification of the relative performance of column stores and row stores. We then add materialized views to the analysis and see how much they can help the performance of row stores. Finally, we examine the performance of hash join operations in column stores and row stores.
Flashing up the storage layer
Authors: Koltsidas Ioannis , Viglas Stratis D.
Published: June 2014

In the near future, commodity hardware is expected to incorporate both flash and magnetic disks. In this paper we study how the storage layer of a database system can benefit from the presence of both kinds of disk. We propose using the flash and the magnetic disk at the same level of the memory hierarchy and placing a data page to only one of these disks according to the workload of the page. Pages with a read-intensive workload are placed on the flash disk, while pages with a write-intensive workload are placed on the magnetic disk. We present a family of on-line algorithms to decide the optimal placement of a page and study their theoretical properties. Our system is self-tuning,
i.e.
, our algorithms adapt page placement to changing workloads. We also present a buffer replacement policy that takes advantage of the asymmetric I/O properties of the two types of storage media to reduce the total I/O cost. Our experimental evaluation shows remarkable I/O performance improvement over both flash-only and magnetic-only systems. These results, we believe, exhibit both the potential and necessity of such algorithms in future database systems.
WebTables
Authors: Cafarella Michael J. , Halevy Alon , Wang Daisy Zhe , Wu Eugene , Zhang Yang
Published: June 2014

The World-Wide Web consists of a huge number of unstructured documents, but it also contains structured data in the form of HTML tables. We extracted 14.1 billion HTML tables from Google's general-purpose web crawl, and used statistical classification techniques to find the estimated 154M that contain high-quality relational data. Because each relational table has its own "schema" of labeled and typed columns, each such table can be considered a small structured database. The resulting corpus of databases is larger than any other corpus we are aware of, by at least five orders of magnitude.

We describe the WEBTABLES system to explore two fundamental questions about this collection of databases. First, what are effective techniques for searching for structured data at search-engine scales? Second, what additional power can be derived by analyzing such a huge corpus?

First, we develop new techniques for keyword search over a corpus of tables, and show that they can achieve substantially higher relevance than solutions based on a traditional search engine. Second, we introduce a new object derived from the database corpus: the
attribute correlation statistics database
(AcsDB) that records corpus-wide statistics on co-occurrences of schema elements. In addition to improving search relevance, the AcsDB makes possible several novel applications:
schema auto-complete
, which helps a database designer to choose schema elements;
attribute synonym finding
, which automatically computes attribute synonym pairs for schema matching; and
join-graph traversal
, which allows a user to navigate between extracted schemas using automatically-generated join links.