bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ELF Noise Test in the Széchenyi István Geophysical Observatory
Authors: Bozóki Tamás , Bór József , Piri Dániel , Novák Attila , Molnár Csaba
Published: April 2022

On the 9th of July, 2020, a detailed noise test was carried out in the Széchenyi István Geophysical Observatory in order to survey the electromagnetic noises generated in the very low frequency (VLF; 3-30 kHz) and extremely low frequency (ELF; 3 Hz - 3 kHz) bands by different electrical devices operating in the observatory. During a ~3 hour long period, the measurements of the observatory, the power supply of buildings as well as solar panels and charging of the batteries were shut down one-by-one and finally the main power supply from the nearby village Fertőboz was interrupted for a few minutes. A pair of induction coil magnetometers run from a battery had been installed for this test period and provided information on the changes in the ELF noise environment during the test. Although the ELF-band noise contamination in the measurements reduced in connection to the elimination of internal noise sources in the observatory, it seems that external noise sources outside the observatory are too powerful and prohibit local monitoring of the Schumann resonances in the atmospheric magnetic field. Therefore, a new location for a permanent magnetic SR station is needed.
Geomagnetic observation system in the Széchenyi István Geophysical Observatory
Authors: Lemperger István , Szendrői Judit , Szabó Csongor , Kuslits Lukács , Kis Árpád , Szalai Sándor M. , Molnár Csaba , Wesztergom Viktor
Published: April 2022

Geomagnetic and geoelectric registration has been continuously executed in SZIGO for more than six decades. The Observatory is a member of the global network of the geomagnetic observatories, the so-called INTERMAGNET (https://www.intermagnet.org). The geomagnetic observation system has recently been renewed in all of its components and the organically related geoelectric measurement system is going to be upgraded and improved, too. Present paper provides a short summary of the new geomagnetic observation system and introduces a few SSC events registered in the SZIGO from the last 12 months via the new observation station.
Remotely controlled observations of electro-optical upper atmospheric phenomena from Baja, Hungary
Authors: Bór József , Hegedüs Tibor , Jäger Zoltán , Molnár Tibor , Molnár Csaba , Szabó Csongor , Szabóné André Karolina , Zelkó Zoltán , Döbrentei László
Published: April 2022

A remotely manageable optical observation system for recording transient luminous events (TLEs) in the upper atmosphere was installed in Baja, Hungary in 2014. This report describes hardware components and settings of the system, software solutions applied either for realtime event detection and remote control, and the strategy of actually making the observations. An overview on the number and type of TLEs observed up to 2020 is presented. During the 7 years of operation, 1655 TLEs were recorded, 92.7% of which were red sprites, 6.4% were sprite halos, and the set of captured events contained altogether only 3 ELVES. Most sprites were observed in June while most sprite halos were observed in September over the years covered in this report.
ELF zajteszt a Széchenyi István Geofizikai Obszervatóriumban
Authors: Bozóki Tamás , Bór József , Piri Dániel , Novák Attila , Molnár Csaba
Published: April 2022

2020. július 9-én részletes zajvizsgálatot végeztünk a Széchenyi István Geofizikai Obszervatóriumban a nagyon alacsony frekvenciájú (VLF; 3-30 kHz) és az extrém alacsony frekvenciájú (ELF; 3 Hz - 3 kHz) sávban, az obszervatóriumban működő különböző elektromos berendezések által keltett elektromágneses zajok felmérése céljából. Egy körülbelül 3 órás tesztidőszak folyamán egyesével leállítottuk az obszervatórium méréseit, az épületek áramellátását, valamint a napelemek és az akkumulátorok töltését, végül pedig néhány percre megszakítottuk a közeli Fertőboz községből érkező fő áramellátást is. A tesztidőszakra egy pár, akkumulátorról működtetett indukciós magnetométert telepítettünk, melyek az ELF sávú zajban bekövetkezett változásokról szolgáltattak információt. Bár az obszervatóriumban lévő belső zajforrások kiküszöbölésével az ELF sávú zajszennyezés csökkent, úgy tűnik, hogy az obszervatóriumon kívülről származó zajforrások túl erősek, és elsősorban ezek nehezítik meg a Schumann-rezonanciák helyi megfigyelését a mágneses térben. Ezért egy új helyszínt kell keresnünk egy állandó mágneses ELF állomás számára.
Geomágneses megfigyelő rendszer a Széchenyi István Geofizikai Obszervatóriumban
Authors: Lemperger István , Szendrői Judit , Szabó Csongor , Kuslits Lukács , Kis Árpád , Szalai Sándor M. , Molnár Csaba , Wesztergom Viktor
Published: April 2022

A Széchenyi István Geofizikai Obszervatóriumban (SZIGO) már több, mint hat évtizede folyik a felszíni geoelektromos és geomágneses tér megfigyelése. Az Obszervatórium a geomágneses megfigyelő állomásokat tömörítő nemzetközi hálózat, az INTERMAGNET egyik legjobb minősítéssel kitüntetett tagja, melyet a folyamatos és nagy pontosságú adatszolgáltatás révén érdemelt ki (https://www.intermagnet.org/). A geomágneses megfigyelő rendszer nemrégiben újult meg, illetve egészült ki egy redundáns digitalizáló-adatgyűjtő-szerver lánccal, melynek révén a fluxgate magnetométer analóg jelét két független rendszer digitalizálja, rendezi ASCII fájlokba, valamint továbbítja egy-egy adatszerveren telepített SQL adatbázisba. A geomágneses indukció révén az előbbihez szervesen kapcsolódó fizikai mennyiség, a geoelektromos tér mérésére szolgáló rendszer a közeljövőben szintén megújul, melynek eredményeképpen egy nagyobb dinamikatartományt, jobb felbontásban leképező rendszer kerül beüzemelésre. Az alábbiakban az újonnan telepített geomágneses mérőrendszer kerül bemutatásra, valamint néhány, az új rendszerrel, az elmúlt 12 hónapban regisztrált SSC esemény.
TINJAUAN TEOLOGIS PSIKOLOGIS KEPRIBADIAN GANDA DALAM KEHIDUPAN HAMBA TUHAN DI MASA INI
Authors: Susanto Yusak Noven
Published: April 2022

In the postmodern world humans have different characteristics from one another. Tempramen is the nature of birth, why is that because since an individual is born into the world he inherits inherited traits rather than his parents. Usually temparen can change due to one's environment and emotions and this can shape the individual's temperament. Every trait or temperament that exists in an individual there are also positive things and negative things in them. Positive qualities will have a good effect on the personality of the individual. But on the contrary negative traits will adversely affect human personality. Multiple personality or dissociative identity disorder is a serious disorder because in an individual there are two or more personalities and from each personality it controls his behavior. The cause of multiple personalities is an innate ability to easily separate personality, repeated sexual harassment, lack of people who protect or entertain from bad experiences. Influence from other family members who have psychological disorders. This multiple personality disorder can be cured by a sufferer through his acknowledgment and awareness that he has multiple personalities and is balanced by a strong desire to heal and pray to God so that the Holy Spirit can be a comforter and helper in the process of healing this dual personality.
YESUS DALAM PRAINKARNASI
Authors: Sugiyarto Eko
Published: April 2022

When we try to know God deeply, we quickly realize the limitations of the mind we have. There is no mortal being, who can completely understand God. Understanding of God will be manifested in the Person of Jesus as a human being today is still a study considering there are still some parties who cannot accept that. The God from whom allthings come is said to have existed before the world was made, He is eternal and unlimited. So the pre-incarnation or pre-existence of Jesus is to show that Jesus existed before all things were made. He is not limited by time, He is never absent, because He is eternal. Thus Jesus in the Preincarnation is showing that Jesus is entirely God. It existsand exists in every moment. Proof of Jesus' existence in the pre-incarnation is presented in the Old Testament scriptures. Many verses of God's Word show us that Jesus existed before the foundation of the world. He is with His people and chosen people
KRITIK TERHADAP PANDANGAN VERIDIKALISME MENURUT PANDANGAN ALKITAB
Authors: Susanto Yusak Noven
Published: April 2022

Veridicalism is an understanding that is based on a trustworthy truth if it can be verified. Because according to this view, belief must be built from proven evidence. If it cannot be proven and cannot be verified, it can be doubted and abandoned because there is no truth in it. This is acceptable but on the other hand this view is unacceptable. Like the story found in the Word of God, when the Lord Jesus Christ made miracles which of course scientifically cannot be proven. But when you see this is it not true or not? Of course it is true and happened. Therefore, in this study the researcher wants to criticize this Veridicalism view based on the Biblical viewpoint. The method that researchers use in this research is the literature research method, which uses sources that support the description of Veridicalism and the Bible. The purpose of this research is to show believers God's intention and provide an explanation of the viewpoint of Veridicalism which cannot fully become the basis of life for believers today.
PERSEPEKTIF BIBLIKAL TENTANG TOLERANSI DAN PERAN ORANG PERCAYA DI ERA GLOBALISASI
Authors: Zega Fati Aro , Arifianto Yonatan Alex
Published: April 2022

The church or Christians are a component of society that does not live separately from other groups. Moreover, in the current era of globalization, everyone must be able to live together with other groups and people, become members of a community, both in the local environment and in the wider environment. Through a qualitative descriptive method with a literature study approach, the researcher describes the purpose of this paper that life together in a society with various backgrounds and ideals requires a spirit of tolerance. First of all, explaining the meaning and limits of the meaning of tolerance, then finding out Christian tolerant attitudes, through learning from the biblical review of tolerance according to the Bible. So that it underlies believers to have the correct foundation of tolerance based on the Christian faith. Thus, this study seeks to actualize tolerance in the teachings of the Lord Jesus and the Letter of Paul. As an application for today's believers, understanding tolerance means being wise, open to differences and living based on love.
Lærerstudenters undervisningskvalitet i naturfag tidlig i utdanningen
Authors: Sæleset Johannes , Olufsen Magne , Karlsen Solveig
Published: April 2022

Læreres undervisningskvalitet er viktig for elevers læringsutbytte, men det finnes lite forskning på lærerstudenters undervisning tidlig i utdanningsløpet og utvikling av denne. I denne kasusstudien undersøkte vi kvaliteten på lærerstudenters naturfagunder­visning tidlig i utdanningen. Vi filmet alle de 21 naturfagtimene til seks lærerstudenter som var i praksis i sitt første studieår. Videodata ble analysert med kategorier fra LISSI-prosjektets (Linking Instruction in Science and Student Impact) observasjonsmanual. Analysene fokuserte på sentrale aspekter av undervisningskvalitet i naturfag: kognitiv aktivering, tilrettelegging for diskusjon, tydelig undervisning og naturfaglig utforsking. Sett som ett kasus viste de seks lærerstudentene overraskende høye skårer for kategorier relatert til elevsentrert undervisning, og gjennomførte praktiske aktiviteter som var koblet til læring av naturfagbegreper. Lærerstudentene utfordret likevel elevene bare i middels grad og gjennomførte sjelden utforskende undervisning. Det var også stor variasjon i kvaliteten på representasjoner av fagstoff. I artikkelen er resultatene diskutert og vi drar slutninger for lærerutdanning.
The Intergenerational Effect of Military Service in a Country with a Citizen-Soldier Army
Authors: Itsik Ronen
Published: April 2022

The claim has been made that the social impact of army service has eroded in recent decades as the influence of service as an intergenerational familial tradition has declined, affecting the willingness of children to volunteer in the community and to enlist in the military. This study examines the effect of past service in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) on the values families have about both community and military service as a family tradition. Survey results from more than fourteen hundred respondents to a questionnaire published on social media show that the army service of parents positively affects the readiness of their children to volunteer in the community as well as to join the IDF. Additionally, the children of parents who have served in the military have a significantly higher social motivation than a security motivation to engage in military service, which lends support to the “citizen-soldier,” as opposed to the “professional army,” model. Hence, within contemporary Israeli society, the “citizen-soldier” army still serves as a “tribal fire,”1 and military service helps establish a constructive patriotism that is essential for such a divided society as Israel.
Exploring Instructor Feedback Provision in Heritage Language and Mixed Heritage-Second Language Classrooms
Authors: Guerrero-Rodriguez Paola , Long Avizia
Published: April 2022

The effects of feedback on second language (L2) learning has garnered extensive attention in the field of second language acquisition (SLA). Relatively little attention, however, has been given to the effects of feedback in the heritage language (HL) classroom (e.g., Atoofi, 2013) or instructors’ motivations to provide feedback in classrooms features heritage speakers (cf. Gurzinski-Weiss, 2016). The present study seeks to explore instructors' feedback practices and cited reasons for feedback choices in HL and mixed HL-L2 classrooms. Four instructors who taught Spanish as a HL and mixed HL-L2 Spanish classes participated in this study. Data were elicited using background questionnaires, video recordings of classroom meetings, and semi-structured interviews. Analyses of instructor-provided feedback episodes in recorded classroom meetings revealed that instructors provided explicit positive assessments (e.g., muy bien "very good") at high rates, and this type of feedback was more frequent in HL classrooms than mixed classrooms. Interviews with instructors revealed that instructors cited distinct, learner-related reasons for providing feedback to heritage speakers as opposed to L2 learners in their classrooms.
Audiovisual Assignments as Service-learning for Social Justice in Latinx Communities
Authors: Showstack Rachel
Published: April 2022

Although digital media projects are not new to Spanish heritage language education, the increased digitization of communication during the Covid-19 pandemic has afforded new digital educational opportunities (Guillén, Sawin, & Avineri, 2020). In Fall 2020, in lieu of a service-learning assignment in which students had to be physically present in a classroom context, I created a new final assignment for my SHL course: in small groups, students collaborated (virtually and/or in-person) to create a Spanish-language audiovisual project, such as a short video, to address an issue of social equity that affects Latinxs in Kansas, and they disseminated their work to a local Spanish-speaking public. The students engaged in the project in different phases throughout the semester: planning and investigation, script writing and revising, production, dissemination, and reflection. The assignment allowed them to develop both written and oral communication skills, gain experience working in teams, and connect their Spanish language development with their career goals and with social justice (Avineri et al., 2018). In Kansas, where many of our Latinx students describe having been instructed not to speak Spanish in school or targeted for their use of Spanish in public, students had the opportunity to challenge previously held perceptions and circulating societal and institutional discourses about what they, as children of immigrants, could do with the Spanish language.
Peptides with Therapeutic Potential against Acinetobacter baumanii Infections
Authors: Rangel Karyne , Giovanni De-Simone Salvatore
Published: April 2022

Antibiotic poly-resistance (multi drug-, extreme-, and pan-drug resistance) is a major global threat to public health. Unfortunately, in 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the carbapenemresistant isolates in the priority pathogens list for which new effective antibiotics or new ways of treating the infections caused by them are urgently needed. Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most critical ESKAPE pathogens for which the treatment of resistant isolates have caused severe problems; its clinically significant features include resistance to UV light, drying, disinfectants, and antibiotics. Among the various suggested options, one of the antimicrobial agents with high potential to produce new anti-Acinetobacter drugs is the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). AMPs are naturally produced by living organisms and protect the host against pathogens as a part of innate immunity. The main mechanisms action of AMPs are the ability to cause cell membrane and cell wall damage, the inhibition of protein synthesis, nucleic acids, and the induction of apoptosis and necrosis. AMPs would be likely among the main anti-A. baumannii drugs in the post-antibiotic era. Also, the application of computer science to increase anti-A. baumannii activity and reduce toxicity is also being developed.
Morpho-Anatomical Adaptation against Salinity
Authors: Srivastava Smita
Published: April 2022

Plants tolerant of NaCl, implement several adjustments to acclimate to salt stress, such as biochemical, physiological, and morphological modifications. Besides, plants also adjust to saline circumstances by altering their anatomical structure of roots, leaves, and morphological modifications. The leaf and roots are among the essential plant organs and are involved in the transport of water and minerals used for photosynthesis. From a plant physiology perspective, water use efficiency in the quantity of CO2 fixed in photosynthesis compared to the leaf anatomy. In this review, we provide a comparative account of the morphology of the leaf and root under normal and salt stress circumstances. There is little information on the ultrastructure changes elicited in response to salt stress. The analysis expands our knowledge of how salt may impact the leaves and root anatomy.
The COVID-19 DNA-RNA Genetic Code Analysis Using Double Stochastic and Block Circulant Jacket Matrix
Authors: Kook Lee Sung , Ho Lee Moon
Published: April 2022

We present a COVID-19 DNA-RNA genetic code where A=T=U=31% and C=G=19%, which has been developed from a base matrix CUAG where C, U, A, and G are RNA bases while C, U, A, and T are DNA bases that E. Chargaff found them complementary like A=T=U=30%, and C=G=20% from his experimental results, which implied the structure of DNA double helix and its complementary combination. Unfortunately, they have not been solved mathematically yet. Therefore, in this paper, we present a simple solution by the information theory of a doubly stochastic matrix over the Shannon symmetric channel as well as prove it mathematically. Furthermore, we show that DNA-RNA genetic code is one kind of block circulant Jacket matrix. Moreover, general patterns by block circulant, upper-lower, and left-right scheme are presented, which are applied to the correct communication as well as means the healthy condition because it perfectly consists of 4 bases. Henceforth, we also provide abnormal patterns by block circulant, upper-lower, and left-right scheme, which cover the distorted signal as well as COVID-19.
Weighted Least Squares Perturbation Theory
Authors: N. Khimich Aleksandr , A. Nikolaevskaya Elena , A. Baranov Igor
Published: April 2022

The interest in the problem of weighted pseudoinverse matrices and the problem of weighted least squares (WLS) is largely due to their numerous applications. In particular, the problem of WLS is used in the design and optimization of building structures, in tomography, in statistics, etc. The first part of the chapter is devoted to the sensitivity of the solution to the WLS problem with approximate initial data. The second part investigates the properties of a SLAE with approximate initial data and presents an algorithm for finding a weighted normal pseudo solution of a WLS problem with approximate initial data, an algorithm for solving a WLS problem with symmetric positive semidefinite matrices and an approximate right side and also a parallel algorithm for solving a WLS problem. The third part is devoted to the analysis of the reliability of computer solutions of the WLS problem with approximate initial data. Here, estimates of the total error of the WLS problem are presented, and also software-algorithmic approaches to improving the accuracy of computer solutions.
Radiation Response of Group-IV and III-V Semiconductors Subjected to D–D and D–T Fusion Neutrons
Authors: Autran Jean-Luc , Munteanu Daniela
Published: April 2022

This work focuses on the radiation response of Group IV (Si, Ge, SiC, diamond) and III-V (GaAs, GaN, GaP, GaSb, InAs, InP, InSb, AlAs) semiconductors subjected to D–D (2.45 MeV) and D–T (14 MeV) neutrons. The response of each material has been systematically investigated through a direct calculation using nuclear cross-section libraries, MCNP6, and Geant4 numerical simulations. For the semiconductor materials considered, we have investigated in detail the reaction rates per type of reaction (elastic, inelastic, and nonelastic) and proposed an exhaustive classification and counting of all the neutron-induced events and secondary products as a function of their nature and energy. Several metrics for quantifying the susceptibility of the related semiconductor-based electronics to neutron fusions have been finally considered and discussed.
Deep Learning Algorithms for Efficient Analysis of ECG Signals to Detect Heart Disorders
Authors: Dey Sumagna , Pal Rohan , Biswas Saptarshi
Published: April 2022

Electrocardiography (ECG) has been a reliable method for monitoring the proper functioning of the cardiovascular system for decades. Recently, there has been a lot of research focusing on accurately analyzing the heart condition through ECG. In recent days, numerous attempts are being made to analyze these signals using deep learning algorithms, including the implementation of artificial neural networks like convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, and the like. In this context, this chapter intends to present some important techniques for classifying heartbeats based on deep neural networks with 1D CNN. Five ECG signals (N, S, V, F, and Q) standardization are based on the AAMI EC57 standard. The primary focus of this chapter is to discuss the techniques to classify ECG signals in those classes with promising accuracy and draw a clear picture of the current state-of-the-art in this sphere of study.
Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Wheat: Genome to Field
Authors: Prakash Raigar Om , Mondal Kinjal , Sethi Mehak , Prabha Singh Mohini , Singh Jasneet , Kumari Archana , Priyanka  , Singh Sekhon Bhallan
Published: April 2022

Nitrogen (N), being the most limiting macroelement for optimal plant growth and development needs synthetic N fertilizer usage for uplifting crop yields; nevertheless, an excessive and inefficient use of N fertilizer is a global concern incurring high production costs, environment pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. Hence, developing crop plants with high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is an essential research target to achieve a better agricultural sustainability. NUE being a complex trait depends on our understanding of genetics (G), environment (E), management (M), and their interrelationships (G x E x M). NUE improvement is preceded by key processes such as nitrogen capture, utilization efficiency, nitrogen partitioning, trade-offs between yield and quality aspects, as well as interactions with the capture and utilization of other nutrients. An in-depth knowledge can be attained on NUE mechanisms through the UK Wheat Genetic Improvement Network project (http://www.wgin.org.uk/) using an integrated strategy that look into the physiological, metabolic, molecular, and genetic aspects influencing NUE in wheat. The current book chapter highlights the recent progress in understanding and improving NUE in wheat, focussing on N impact on plant morphology and agronomic performances, using a combination of approaches, including whole-plant physiology and quantitative, forward and reverse genetics.
Machine Learning Algorithm-Based Contraceptive Practice among Ever-Married Women in Bangladesh: A Hierarchical Machine Learning Classification Approach
Authors: Haq Iqramul , Ismail Hossain Md. , Moshiur Rahman Md. , Injamul Haq Methun Md. , Talukder Ashis , Jakaria Habib Md. , Sanwar Hossain Md.
Published: April 2022

Contraception enables women to exercise their human right to choose the number and spacing of their children. The present study identified the best model selection procedure and predicted contraceptive practice among women aged 15–49 years in the context of Bangladesh. The required information was collected through a well-known nationally representative secondary dataset, the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), 2014. To identify the best model, we applied a hierarchical logistic regression classifier in the machine learning process. Seven well-known ML algorithms, such as logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), naïve Bayes (NB), least absolute shrinkage and selection operation (LASSO), classification trees (CT), AdaBoost, and neural network (NN) were applied to predict contraceptive practice. The validity computation findings showed that the highest accuracy of 79.34% was achieved by the NN method. According to the values obtained from the ROC, NN (AUC = 86.90%) is considered the best method for this study. Moreover, NN (Cohen’s kappa statistic = 0.5626) shows the most extreme discriminative ability. From our research, we suggest using the artificial neural network technique to predict contraceptive use among Bangladeshi women. Our results can help researchers when trying to predict contraceptive practice.
Concentration Levels of Heavy Metals and Selected Ions in the Irrigation Water: The Case of Little Akaki River, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: M. Tarekegn Mekonnen , L. Weldekidan Getaneh
Published: April 2022

Irrigable water resources have been challenged by the contamination of heavy metals and unwanted ions that impair plant growth and human health. It impaired the quality of edible fruit & vegetables. The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, and Cu) and selected ions (chloride, Na, Mg, Ca), and to evaluate its suitability for irrigation use. Water samples were collected from three various locations (the upstream, middle stream, and downstream) of the river. Temperature (T), EC, pH, and total dissolved solids (TDS) were tested onsite using handheld multiparameter testing equipment, while the heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, and Cu) and selected ions (Chloride, Na, Mg, and Ca) of the water sample were analyzed using (ICP-OES). ANOVA test was conducted to examine the concentration variations of heavy metals and selected ions between the sampling locations along the river. The concentrations of (Pb and Cd) were found (2.5–3.9), (0.03–0.4) mg/L respectively, and (Cr and Cu) were below the detectible limit of the (ICP-OES) equipment. Cadmium (Cd) was found to be higher than the permissible limit of FAO (0.01mg/L) for irrigation water. There was no significant variation of heavy metals and selected ions between the sampling locations.
Dietary Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) to Treat Insulin Resistance
Authors: Sears Barry , K. Saha Asish
Published: April 2022

Lipodystrophy is a rare condition that generates lipotoxicity resulting in significant insulin resistance. However, lipodystrophy is only one of many chronic conditions associated with insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is defined as the impaired ability of insulin to activate GLUT4-mediated glucose transport into target cells. The molecular reason for the failure of glucose transport is less apparent. Considering the wide range of chronic conditions associated with insulin resistance, a new potential understanding of insulin resistance in terms of an accumulation of metabolic stressors resulting in the inhibition of 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) may be warranted. Since AMPK is under robust dietary control, nutrition, as opposed to pharmacological strategies, may be more appropriate to activate AMPK to treat insulin resistance in lipodystrophy and any condition associated with insulin resistance. The focus of this chapter is to outline an AMPK-centric theory of insulin resistance and the combination of defined dietary strategies likely to be necessary to activate AMPK to reduce insulin resistance.
Mouse Models to Understand Mutagenic Outcomes and Illegitimate Repair of DNA Damage
Authors: Lalwani Kiran , French Caroline , Richardson Christine
Published: April 2022

Maintenance of genome integrity is critical to prevent cell death or disease. Illegitimate repair of chromosomal DNA breaks can lead to mutations and genome rearrangements which are a well-known hallmark of multiple cancers and disorders. Endogenous causes of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) include reactive oxygen species (ROS) and replication errors while exogenous causes of DNA breaks include ionizing radiation, UV radiation, alkylating agents, and inhibitors of topoisomerase II (Top2). Recent evidence suggests that a growing list of environmental agents or toxins and natural dietary compounds also cause DNA breaks. Understanding the consequences of exposure to a broad spectrum of DSB-inducing agents has significant implications for understanding mutagenicity, genome stability and human health. This chapter will review in vivo mouse models designed to measure DNA damage and mutagenicity, and illegitimate repair of DNA DSBs caused by exposure to environmental agents.
Challenging Biomass Feedstocks for Energy and Chemicals
Authors: Jaleta Dirbeba Meheretu , Werkelin Johan
Published: April 2022

The Nordic countries have a long tradition of utilizing agro-industrial sidestreams for heat and power production and recovery of chemicals. A typical example is black liquor from pulp mills. Here, the woody biomass undergoes a digestion process where the fibers are separated to produce pulp for paper production. The liquid by-product from the digester, black liquor, contains wood lignin and the spent cooking chemicals. Through the chemical recovery cycle, the black liquor is utilized for heat and power production and recovery of cooking chemicals. Worldwide, there are several challenging biomass sidestreams that can be utilized in a similar fashion as with black liquor. Some examples of these are vinasse from the integrated sugar-ethanol production process; straw and manure from agriculture sources; forest residues; by-products from the food industry; etc. This book chapter will review the availability of these types of feedstocks and discuss their applicability and challenges to be used for energy and chemicals. Pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion are the potential thermal conversion options considered for the utilization of these types of challenging biomass feedstocks.
Retinal Organoids over the Decade
Authors: Yuan Jing , Jin Zi-Bing
Published: April 2022

Retinal organoids (ROs) are 3D tissue structures derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in vitro, which characterize the structure and function of retina to a certain extent. Since 2011, mouse and human retinal organoids have been available, opening up new avenues for retinal development, disease and regeneration research. Over the decade, great progress has been made in the development of retinal organoids, which is reflected in the improvement of differentiation efficiency and development degree. At the same time, retinal organoids also show broad application prospects, which are widely used in the construction of disease models. On this basis, the mechanism of disease, drug screening and retinal regeneration therapy have been explored. Although retinal organoids have a bright future, the deficiency of their structure and function, the limitations of differentiation and culture, and the difference compared with embryonic retina still remain to be solved.
Different Strategies for Mosquito Control: Challenges and Alternatives
Authors: Kaura Taruna , Sylvia Walter Neha , Kaur Upninder , Sehgal Rakesh
Published: April 2022

Vector control is an imperative method for the control of vector borne diseases. Over the last few decades, many methods have been developed for their control and the main goal of these strategies is to reduce the number of mosquito populations to overcome the epidemic situations. Though despite continuous efforts of the present interventions being deployed in the vector control programs we are unable to control the disease transmission and outbreaks. Therefore, it highlights the importance of exploring the challenges which are hindering the success of these strategies and also alternative solutions for the same so as to boost the vector control interventions.
Quality management: A basic instrument in healthcare systems
Authors: Sonntag Hans-Günther
Published: April 2022

In industry and the public sector quality has become the important management challenge of the 21st century. Although quality should be self-understanding in healthcare the reality shows another picture. There are nowadays international standards and models of quality excellence which make the introduction and control of quality management even in healthcare easier and allow a better benchmarking. The Model of Business Excellence of the EFQM with the five enabler criteria and the four result criteria can be used as a basic guideline. Focusing on such main parameters like leadership, people, strategy and policy, resources and processes which are important background criteria for quality it can be easily adapted to the requests of quality in almost all healthcare fields. Definitions of the different quality aspects like quality assurance, quality management, total quality management, quality control show that there are still special quality parameters in healthcare which need to be recognized. Reality in healthcare still shows a lot of deficiencies concerning quality measurements. Quality in healthcare including the mentioned key criteria will only be effective if it is an integrated part of the daily work by all people who are concerned with healthcare.
Mogućnosti i dometi primene katihetičkog oblika razgovora u verskoj nastavi
Authors: Milin Sava
Published: April 2022

The dialogue method implies different forms of conversation. Nonetheless, these forms are represented disproportionately. The catechetical form of conversation is viewed as an archaic method typical of the medieval scholastic approach in religious schools, and so anachronistic that in modern teaching it appears so rarely to be considered a statistical error. Many authors have an unfavorable attitude towards the catechetical form of conversation, though without much dwelling on the possibilities that this method can offer. For the purpose of classification, the paper presents all teaching topics of religious education in primary school. It has been observed that the monologue method appears to be most natural method when teaching new content. However, we would like to focus our attention on those topics that would be quite successfully taught using the catechetical form of conversation, perhaps not during the whole class, but certainly when testing knowledge. In this manner, we would enrich the methodological approach and make teaching more diverse.
O professor-artista como vírus
Authors:   I2ADS, Jesus Joaquim
Published: April 2022

Este texto assume-se como um exercício de reflexão e análise crítica ao conceito, histórica e socialmente construído, de professor-artista. Assim, mais do que esgrimir argumentos contra ou a favor este conceito, procura-se num movimento múltiplo perceber nas tensões como se gera um professor-artista, com que intuito e com que efeitos. No limite consideraremos que a figura dupla criada pelo sujeito na sua relação com a arte e a educação, ao provocar uma infeção no seu sistema de representações, potenciará uma transformação do sujeito.
Molecular mechanism of spirit-quieting traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of prostate cancer metastasis patients with depression
Authors:   Department of Oncology, Shouguang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ZHU Liping , WANG Zhiqiang ,   Department of Urology, Shouguang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, LI Li ,   Department of Outpatient surgery, Shouguang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, SU Zhiyong ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Shouguang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, WANG Xiaogang ,   Department of Pharmacy, Shouguang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Published: April 2022

Prostate cancer is a common male urinary system cancer globally with a poor prognosis. Our research aims to explore the role of spirit-quieting Traditional Chinese Medicine in the treatment of prostate cancer metastasis patients with depression and its underlying mechanism. Currently, based on the theory of enzyme-activated bone degradation, we consider that MAOA mediates a vicious cycle among tumor cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and stromal cells facilitating PCa metastasis to bone and visceral organs, which was effectively reduced by TCM MAOA inhibition disengaging the Shh-IL6-RANKL signaling network in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, the protein expression level of MAOA was found by using clinical specimens from the HPA database.
The devil is in the task structure
Authors: Nafcha Orit , Hertz Uri
Published: April 2022

Conflicting evidence about how the brain processes social and individual learning stems from which type of information is presented as the primary source of knowledge during experiments.
A systematic review on cough sound analysis for Covid-19 diagnosis and screening: is my cough sound COVID-19?
Authors: Santosh KC , Rasmussen Nicholas , Mamun Muntasir , Aryal Sunil
Published: April 2022

For COVID-19, the need for robust, inexpensive, and accessible screening becomes critical. Even though symptoms present differently, cough is still taken as one of the primary symptoms in severe and non-severe infections alike. For mass screening in resource-constrained regions, artificial intelligence (AI)-guided tools have progressively contributed to detect/screen COVID-19 infections using cough sounds. Therefore, in this article, we review state-of-the-art works in both years 2020 and 2021 by considering AI-guided tools to analyze cough sound for COVID-19 screening primarily based on machine learning algorithms. In our study, we used PubMed central repository and Web of Science with key words: (Cough OR Cough Sounds OR Speech) AND (Machine learning OR Deep learning OR Artificial intelligence) AND (COVID-19 OR Coronavirus). For better meta-analysis, we screened for appropriate dataset (size and source), algorithmic factors (both shallow learning and deep learning models) and corresponding performance scores. Further, in order not to miss up-to-date experimental research-based articles, we also included articles outside of PubMed and Web of Science, but pre-print articles were strictly avoided as they are not peer-reviewed.
Effects of cigarette smoking on metabolic activity of lung cancer on baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Jiang Maoqing , Guo Xiuyu , Zhang Xiaohui , Gao Qiaoling , Mei Weiqi , Zhang Jingfeng , Zheng Jianjun
Published: April 2022

Background

Never-smokers with lung cancer usually have a higher survival rate than that of smokers. The high metabolic activity of lung cancer on 18F-2-Fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT generally indicates a poor outcome. However, there is a lack of reports on the association between cigarette smoking and 18F-FDG metabolic activity in patients with lung cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of cigarette smoking on metabolic activity of lung cancer on 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Materials and Methods

A total of 338 patients (230 males, 108 females; mean age: 66.3, range 34–86) with pathologically diagnosed lung cancer were enrolled from September 2019 to April 2021. All patients underwent baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT and the maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) of the primary tumor (pSUVmax), lymph node (nSUVmax) and distant metastasis (mSUVmax) were measured. The associations between cigarette smoking status, clinical stage, pathological subtypes and metabolic parameters on 18F-FDG PET/CT were analyzed.

Results

Of the 338 patients, cigarette smoking was identified in 153 patients (45.3%) and the remaining 185 (54.7%) were never-smokers. Smoking was found more frequently in males, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and stage III–IV diseases. The pSUVmax in smokers was significantly higher than that in never-smokers (t = 3.386, P < 0.001), but the nSUVmax and mSUVmax revealed no statistically significant differences (t = 0.399, P = 0.690 and t = 0.057, P = 0.955; respectively). With the increase of cumulative smoking dose, pSUVmax increased significantly (r = 0.217, P < 0.001). In addition, the pSUVmax in patients with stage III–IV was significantly higher than that in stage I–II (t = 8.509, P < 0.001). Smokers showed a higher pSUVmax than never-smokers for patients with stage I–II (t = 3.106, P = 0.002), but not in stage III–IV (t = 0.493, P = 0.622). The pSUVmax was significantly different among patients with different pathological subtypes of lung cancer (F = 11.45, P < 0.001), while only the adenocarcinoma (ADC) and SCC groups showed a difference in pSUVmax (t = 6.667, P < 0.001). Smokers with ADC showed a higher pSUVmax when compared to never-smokers, but not in SCC. There were no significant differences of pSUVmax between smokers and never-smokers at stage I–II ADC or SCC and stage III–IV ADC or SCC.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated a close association between cigarette smoking and the metabolic activity of lung cancer and suggests that smoking may be a potential risk factor of higher pSUVmax in early lung cancer on 18F-FDG PET/CT.
A Document Analysis on the Efficacy and Ethical Considerations of Online Counseling
Authors: Billote William Jo Se , Escoto Marie Fe , Ponce Ryan , Ponce Trixie Elaine , Pama Eliseo , Montoya Rizzalie Morne , Quibal Joan , Quiloan Aljon , Ponce Marilys , Adam Marianne Jean
Published: April 2022

The current situation brought about by the pandemic and technological advancements has resulted in a significant rise in the number of people who participate in online settings. Research into online counseling practice is significant as it is given the relative newness of the techniques. With this trend in guidance and counseling, the research aimed to find out the different concerns and issues when providing online counseling and online therapy’s efficacy. The research design involved utilizing the qualitative research method in addressing the research question, and document analysis was employed. This research's specific documents include outcomes-based studies, process studies, and self-report studies in guidance and counseling. After examining and analyzing literature from the three categories of study, online therapy appeared to be clinically efficacious. Online counseling was more convenient and less inhibition in disclosing confidential issues during online sessions.
Talangkang Pag-Iisip: An Exposé of Its Positivity in the Lens of Students in a Selected University in Baguio City
Authors: Billote William Jo Se , De Sagon Gael Ann , Escoto Marie Fe , Pableo Arnel , Ponce Ryan , Ponce Trixie Elaine , Quibal Joan , Quiloan Aljon , Comaya Mark Anthony , Ponce Jessamine Marie
Published: April 2022

Crab mentality is one of the common universal traits among many people. It is a behavior wherein a person feels jealous of the success, developments, achievements, and accomplishments of others. Some people who could not cope with their enviousness and jealousy may lead to committing actions that may deal negative impacts on the integrity, credibility, and social status of the person they are envious of, just to name a few. Although this may be universal and popular among many people, the difference lies in how this feeling is regulated and handled or managed by each individual. By seeing it as an admiration that will motivate them to become better individuals, certain people can turn this into something positive. The study aimed to expose the positive aspects and evaluate the source of crab mentality of fifteen (15) selected Special Education students in a selected University in Baguio City, Philippines. This sought to seek positive circumstances of crab mentality manifested by the students at home and in school. This is to change the perception of people that the crab mentality has only negative aspects as it also has good and positive attributes. Furthermore, this study will help professionals understand the positivist approach of crab mentality. This study employed pagtatanong-tanong, a Filipino psychology research method, which is an indigenous way of collecting or gathering data leading to a case study. The study conducted showed that the positive sides of the crab mentality being manifested at home and school leads to various factors.
Use of the Marketing Mix in Transnational Higher Education Institutions: A Literature Review
Authors: Raymundo-Delmonte Nicole
Published: April 2022

Organizations offering graduate degree programs nowadays have to devise measures to differentiate them from others in the market as there is intense competition. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) offering graduate studies programs, specifically those in the Transnational Education (TNE) industry, need to be abreast of their target markets and environments’ changing preferences and expectations. The study used an integrative literature review to analyze readily 35 journal articles on marketing mix to support Transnational HEIs. The sources came from research databases such as Google Scholar, Directory of Open Access journals, business publications, and other websites. Results show that HEIs are expected to take on a customer-focused marketing approach to attract more students with commercialization and stiff competition.  Creating an appropriate marketing mix in line with the target audience and intended purpose has proven useful for HEIs’ marketing strategy. The study concludes that formulating an effective marketing mix strategy is one of the keys to TNE providers’ sustainable growth.