bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vacuum-Assisted Eggshell-Type Bone Debridement with Implantation of Antibiotic-Impregnated Bone Substitute for Treatment of Calcaneal Osteomyelitis with Subsequent Charcot’s Reconstruction: A Case Report
Authors: Yonemoto Grant , Cheung Timothy P. , Vyce Steven D. , Gazes Michael I.
Published: September 2024

Charcot’s neuroarthropathy complicated by calcaneal osteomyelitis can be difficult to treat. Various surgical techniques describe how to manage these conditions. Eggshell-type debridement with application of antibiotic-impregnated bone substitute is a viable option that eliminates infected bone and allows staged reconstructive surgery. A 50-year-old woman with right midfoot Charcot’s neuroarthropathy presented with osteomyelitis of the cuboid and fourth and fifth metatarsal bases after resection and failed antibiotic therapy. The patient eventually developed adductovarus, septic shock, and hematogenous osteomyelitis of the calcaneus, navicular, and lateral cuneiform. Vacuum-assisted eggshell-type debridement was performed, and the calcaneal defect was filled with antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate and calcium phosphate. Eight weeks after the initial surgery, the infection resolved; however, the patient had trouble walking. She underwent staged Charcot’s reconstructive surgery with application of a dynamic multiplanar external fixator with gradual deformity and split-thickness skin graft to cover the residual plantar lateral foot wound. The second stage included septic fusion of the midfoot and subtalar joint from the frame. Twelve weeks postoperatively, radiographic union was achieved, the external fixator was removed, and the patient demonstrated a plantigrade foot. She was transitioned to a total-contact cast and allowed to bear weight as tolerated. Eighteen months after the initial procedure, the patient is wound-free and weightbearing in a CROW boot. This innovative eggshell-type debridement technique aspirates osteomyelitic cancellous bone while preserving cortical bone. It can be particularly useful in hematogenous osteomyelitis, where cortical integrity is not breached, or in situations where there is minimal cortical involvement. Specifically preserving the calcaneus, a major weightbearing bone, permits subsequent reconstructive surgical planning. At 18 months, there were no signs of osteomyelitis recurrence.
Electrostatics of Salt-Dependent Reentrant Phase Behaviors Highlights Diverse Roles of ATP in Biomolecular Condensates
Authors: Lin Yi-Hsuan , Kim Tae Hun , Das Suman , Pal Tanmoy , Wessén Jonas , Rangadurai Atul Kaushik , Kay Lewis E , Forman-Kay Julie D , Chan Hue Sun
Published: September 2024

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) involving intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDRs) is a major physical mechanism for biological membraneless compartmentalization. The multifaceted electrostatic effects in these biomolecular condensates are exemplified here by experimental and theoretical investigations of the different salt- and ATP-dependent LLPSs of an IDR of messenger RNA-regulating protein Caprin1 and its phosphorylated variant pY-Caprin1, exhibiting, e.g., reentrant behaviors in some instances but not others. Experimental data are rationalized by physical modeling using analytical theory, molecular dynamics, and polymer field-theoretic simulations, indicating in general that interchain salt bridges enhance LLPS of polyelectrolytes such as Caprin1 and that the high valency of ATP-magnesium is a significant factor for its colocalization with the condensed phases, as similar trends are observed for several other IDRs. Our findings underscore the role of biomolecular condensates in modulating ion concentrations and its functional ramifications.
Female-dominated disciplines have lower evaluated research quality and funding success rates, for men and women
Authors: James Alex , Buelow Franca , Gibson Liam , Brower Ann
Published: September 2024

We use data from 30 countries and find that the more women in a discipline, the lower quality the research in that discipline is evaluated to be and the lower the funding success rate is. This affects men and women, and is robust to age, number of research outputs, and bibliometric measures where such data are available. Our work builds on others’ findings that women’s work is valued less, regardless of who performs that work.
Influence of the kinesiophobia and its pain intensity relationship in subjects with onychocryptosis
Authors: Montesinos-Verdú Hipólito , Losa-Iglesias Marta Elena , Casado-Hernández Israel , Navarro-Flores Emmanuel , López-López Daniel , Cosín-Matamoros Julia , Pérez-Boal Eduardo , Muñoz-Sánchez José Luis , Martínez-Jiménez Eva María
Published: September 2024

Background

Onychocryptosis is a nail deformity that occurs when the side of the nail grows into soft tissue, which causes pain, sepsis and the formation of granulation. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare different levels of kinesiophobia in subjects with onychocryptosis before and after surgery to eliminate this condition.

Methods

A descriptive and observational study was conducted with a total sample size of 25 subjects with a mean age of 40.96 ± 18.25 years. The pretest sample was composed of the 25 subjects before the surgical treatment of onychocryptosis and the posttest sample was composed of the same 25 subjects after the surgical treatment of onychocryptosis. Kinesiophobia levels and total scores were self-reported using the Spanish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11).

Results

The Wilcoxon test for related samples and the Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples were used to compare the results before and after the surgical treatment. It was observed that in all the items as well as in the total score, there were significant changes in the levels of kinesiophobia, after the surgical intervention for onychocryptosis (P < 0.05) compared to the levels before surgery, except for items 4 and 11 in which there were no significant differences (P > 0.05). Before surgery, 0% of the subjects with onychocryptosis reported not being afraid of movement, 16% reported mild fear of movement, 8% reported moderate fear of movement and 76% of the subjects with onychocryptosis reported severe and maximum fear of movement. On the other hand, 100% of the subjects did not report kinesiophobia after surgical treatment (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

The levels of kinesiophobia were higher in the subjects with onychocryptosis compared to the subjects after having undergone surgery to eliminate onychocryptosis.
Evaluation of Transplanted Aman Rice by Exploiting and Adjusting Existing Technologies
Authors: Mim Tahmina Akter , Ahmed Md. Towkir , Sarker Uttam Kumer , Uddin Md. Romij
Published: September 2024

Varietal differences are a common occurrence in rice cultivation across Bangladesh. Moreover, the application of appropriate management practices (MP) is essential for optimal rice production. Against this backdrop, a study was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory (AFL) of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, during the aman season from July to December 2023. The aim was to assess the impact of different varieties and MP on the yield and other related attributes of Transplanted Aman (T. aman) rice. The study featured five rice varieties: BR11, BRRI dhan49, BRRI dhan52, BRRI dhan75, and BRRI dhan87 and two MP, namely Farmers’ Practices (FP) and Improved Practices (IP). The experimental design was a split plot, with MP as the main plots and varieties as the subplots, replicated three times. The findings indicated that both the variety of rice and the MP significantly influenced the yield and yield-related traits. Specifically, the variety BRRI dhan87 showed superior performance, yielding the highest plant height (PH) (116.87 cm), panicle length (PL) (25.33 cm), number of effective tillers (NET) hiil-1 (10.33), number of grains panicle-1 (NGP) (129.04), 1000 grain weight (TGW) (26.03 g), Biological yield (BY) (11.88 t ha-1), grain yield (GY) (5.69 t ha-1), Harvest index (HI) (47.81%). Under the MP, the IP recorded the highest NET hiil-1 (10.47), NGP (119.35), and GY (5.48 t ha-1), showing a 13.14% increase in GY over the FP. The combination of BRRI dhan87 and IP achieved the highest GY (6.31 t ha-1). The study concludes that the highest GY of T. aman rice can be achieved by cultivating BRRI dhan87 with IP, although further trials at various locations are recommended before drawing final conclusions.
Productivity of Cauliflower Crop under Biodegradable Mulch
Authors: Saini Khushi , Singh Manjeet , Singh P.K. , Yadav K.K.
Published: September 2024

This study evaluated the effects of various mulching materials, including biodegradable mulches (BDM), plastic mulches (PM), and polypropylene mulch (PPM), on soil temperature, cauliflower growth, and yield. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with eight treatments, including a no-mulch control. Results indicated that BDM and PM significantly increased soil temperatures, particularly at deeper soil levels, compared to the control. Among the treatments, BDM was more effective in stabilizing soil temperature fluctuations. Growth parameters such as plant height, curd diameter, and yield per hectare were enhanced in the mulched treatments, with PPM showing the highest yield. However, despite moderate yields, BDM treatments incurred higher cultivation costs, resulting in lower net income compared to PM and PPM treatments. The study suggests that BDM, being environmentally friendly, could be a viable option for farmers if its acquisition cost is subsidized or reduced.
A Review on Financial Literacy for Farmer-educate to Empower
Authors: Anjana Nallapati Sai , Kasrija Rajesh , Sharma R.K. , Sharma Veenu
Published: September 2024

The volume of farming community in the world ranges upto 30% [1]. India is a significant global contributor in the agriculture industry. Agriculture and allied sectors are the main source of livelihood to about 55% of India’s population. Of the country's population engaged in agriculture and related sectors, 69% live in rural areas, with the majority of these people being farmers [2]. Although, India is having top standings in terms of highest milk production, livestock population etc., but on the ground reality farmers face many constraints hindering the sustainability in production and productivity of agriculture sector. Among several constraints exist, financial literacy poses to be one of the major constraints hindering farmers growth. Financial inclusion and, eventually, financial stability were seen as much aided by financial literacy in India. Among all farming households, about 27-37% are financially literate and have access to official credit sources [3]. Recognizing the importance of agriculture and allied sector in India’s development, the Government, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and many financial research institutes in collaboration with farmer-oriented universities like agriculture, veterinary and allied universities have played an important role for catering to the increasing awareness on financial literacy and access to credit services among farmers as there exist visible lacunae in achieving improved farmers economy [4]. The financial literacy was found to have direct impact on socio-economic factors and hence protocols containing suitable delivery services that addressing financial concepts results in producing beneficial effect and long-term sustainability on farming communities [5].
Assessing the Relationship between Profile Characteristics and Occupational Stress among the Farmers of Mahbubnagar District of Telangana State, India
Authors: Shravani K. , Naberia Seema , Mukherjee Sweety , K.R. Ananda , Chaitanya Leela Krishna , Sravani Settipalli , Mounika B.
Published: September 2024

For countries like India, where most agricultural households are small, marginal, medium, or semi-large, equitable agricultural growth is critical.  Today, agricultural performance in the country is a major cause of concern, as farming has become financially unsustainable, particularly for small, marginal, and semi-medium farmers. The study was conducted in Mahbubnagar district, Telangana, during 2020-2021 to examine the relationship between farmers' profile characteristics and their occupational stress. Mahbubnagar district was purposively selected from the 31 districts in Telangana due to its high illiteracy rate and backwardness. Occupational stress was found to be more prevalent among cotton farmers, and since most farmers in Mahbubnagar grow cotton, the district was chosen for the study. Within Mahbubnagar, Midjil Mandal was specifically selected from 15 mandalas because of its limited technological advancements and the prevalence of cotton farming. Out of 28 villages, 5 were purposefully chosen for the study. Approximately 5% of farmers from each selected village were included using proportionate random sampling, resulting in a total sample size of 170 farmers. An Ex-post-facto research design was employed, and data were collected through a well-structured interview schedule tailored to the study's objectives. The data were then analyzed, classified, and tabulated. Statistical tools like frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of correlation were used to interpret the findings and draw conclusions. The study found that indebtedness had a positive and significant relationship with occupational stress, while variables such as age, education, farming experience, landholding, and annual income had a negative and significant relationship with stress levels. Family size, mass media exposure, economic motivation, scientific orientation, and risk orientation were found to have no significant relationship with occupational stress among the farmers. These findings suggest the need for debt management programs and enhanced financial literacy among farmers, alongside support for educational and income-generating opportunities to reduce stress and improve financial sustainability.
Fetal Outcome Evaluation in High-risk Term Pregnancy Using Biophysical Profile at a Tertiary Hospital in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Chidiogo Obi Adaeze , Ogechukwu Okafor Chisolum , Skye Nwosu Chinekwu , Uche Ezenri , Chukwudinma Obi Darlington , Nchedo Obasikene Catherine , C Eze Kenneth
Published: September 2024

Introduction: A high-risk pregnancy is defined as a pregnancy in which there is a significant probability of an adverse maternal or fetal outcome that is more than the incidence of that outcome in the general population. 
Aim: To determine the usefulness of biophysical profile evaluation in women with high-risk term pregnancies.
Methods: Biophysical profile (BPP) parameters were used to evaluate 160 high-risk women with term pregnancies.
Results: All the participants had normal amniotic fluid index values [AFI] of 8.1-24.0cm. Most of the participants 115 (71.9%) showed good BPP scores. Outcome at delivery was as follows; fetal distress [presence 8.9%, absence 91.1%], stillbirth = none, admission into the intensive care unit (ICU) [Yes 2.0%, No 88%], meconium staining [Yes 8.2%, Clear 91.8%], birth weight [< 2.5kg = 5.7%, > 2.5kg = 94.3%]. APGAR score at 1 minute [<7 = 5.1%, >7 = 94.9%] while at 5 minutes [<7 = 3.2%, > 7= 96.8%]. The commonest mode of delivery was vaginal 84 (52.8%). The association between gross body movement, fetal breathing movement, and fetal outcome was not statistically significant p > 0.05.  
Conclusion: BPP parameters were found to be associated with fetal outcomes.
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica: A Rare Cause of Infection in Neonates
Authors: Nazeer Insha , Alaraj Jana M , Parvez Yusuf
Published: September 2024

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is known to cause nosocomial infection, particularly among preterm neonates, causing high rates of mortality and significant neurological morbidity amid survivors. The disease presents several challenges in diagnosis and management due to its rarity and multidrug resistance. With the increasing incidence of preterm births in Middle East; and consequently, prolonged NICU admissions and hospital acquired infections, it is essential for the physicians to have knowledge on diagnostic and therapeutic strategies about an organism that could possibly affect such infants and cause devastating outcomes. Our study’s primary objective is to give neonatologists a comprehensive overview of E.meningoseptica with its presenting features, risk factors, diagnostic modalities, management protocols and complications. We conducted a literature search on E.meningoseptica infection in neonates, and included a total of 19 reports of this disease, published between 2018-2023 in our study. The cases we reviewed consisted of both preterm and term neonates showing various presentations of the infection with the most common being meningitis. Rapid diagnosis through blood and CSF cultures or utilizing automated systems, together with the initiation of appropriate combination antibiotic therapy is indispensable. In addition, practicing rigorous infection control policies, and having a high index of suspicion when dealing with cases of neonatal sepsis and/ or meningitis is the cornerstone of management.
Precipitation in Kathmandu Valley: A Spatial-temporal Study
Authors: Phuyal Susan
Published: September 2024

Over the past decade, advancements in atmospheric research have significantly improved the analysis of precipitation monitoring, understanding climate trends and variability, and identifying climatic anomalies associated with dry and wet periods. A key objective of this research is to enhance the understanding of precipitation patterns in the Kathmandu Valley, particularly in relation to the placement of gauges for long-range predictions and subsequent forecasting challenges. This study focuses on the evolving patterns of precipitation across the three districts within the Kathmandu Valley, the most developed and densely populated area in Nepal, encircled by four mountain ranges. We employ interpolation methods in ArcGIS Pro to identify, estimate, and forecast precipitation trends, and use the Mann-Kendall test to reveal statistically significant trends and provide insights into broader climatic processes. The research analyzes trends in both seasonal and annual precipitation and temperature across four time periods—pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter—using the Mann-Kendall test. The analysis reveals a decreasing trend in monthly rainfall from 2003 to 2017 at the majority of stations (14 stations out of 19), with areas along the valley slopes receiving significantly more precipitation compared to the central valley. The results of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of climate change in the Kathmandu Valley.
Prospects and Issues in the Adoption of Conservation Agriculture in India
Authors: Boruah Anasuya , Kumar Mayank , Sonia Hibu
Published: September 2024

Conservation agriculture involves practices such as crop rotations, minimal soil disturbance, and maintaining permanent soil cover through crop residues or cover crops. Despite various challenges to its widespread adoption, India has made significant progress over the past two decades in developing, refining, and promoting conservation-based agricultural technologies. Notable advancements have been made in the Indo-Gangetic plains, especially in the adoption of no-till wheat within the rice-wheat cropping system. Advocates of conservation agriculture understand the trade-offs but recognize that the benefits outweigh the drawbacks. These methods offer potential advantages including reduced production costs, improved water and nutrient conservation, increased crop diversity and yields, and more efficient resource utilization.
Scope and Future of Ecosystem Services in Entomology
Authors: Asritha Chava , Anil Methuku , P Teena , N M Ramesh , Maharaj Satwika
Published: September 2024

Insects, the most abundant organisms on Earth, play essential roles in various ecological functions and contribute significantly to ecosystem services (ES). These services, which benefit humans and ecosystems alike, can be categorized into four major types: provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural services. Insects provide critical provisioning services, such as serving as a source of food and medicine. They are rich in nutrients, including proteins, vitamins, and minerals, and play a key role in reducing malnutrition and supplementing diets. Insects also contribute to regulating services through pollination and biological control, supporting services by aiding in decomposition and nutrient cycling, and cultural services by being integral to education, spiritual values, and cultural heritage. The importance of insects in ecosystem services underscores their value in maintaining ecological balance and enhancing human well-being. This review highlights the multifaceted roles insects play in ecosystem services, emphasizing the need for further research and conservation efforts to protect these vital organisms.
Behavioural Response of Seven-Spotted Ladybird Beetle, Coccinella septempunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) towards Different Aphids and their Host Plants
Authors: Manimala Rayapureddy Naveena , M Shashikala , Lakshmi Kalyanam Sai Ishwarya , Jayanth B V , P Vireesha , Rajareddy Gundreddy
Published: September 2024

The current study was investigates the olfactory response of the predatory beetle, Coccinella septempunctata to various host plants and their associated aphids under laboratory conditions at 27±20C and RH 65±5 %. Using a four-arm olfactometer, the beetles' attraction to healthy and aphid-infested mustard, wheat, rose, and chrysanthemum was evaluated. The results revealed that C. septempunctata showed a significantly higher attraction to aphid-infested plants compared to healthy plants or aphids alone. Among the treatments, mustard infested with Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), wheat infested with Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), rose infested with Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus), and chrysanthemum infested with Macrosiphoniella sanborni (Gillette) elicited the strongest responses. These findings support the hypothesis that predatory coccinellids are more attracted to the olfactory cues emitted by aphid-infested plants, likely due to the release of semiochemicals in response to herbivore damage. This behavior enhances the effectiveness of C. septempunctata as a biological control agent by improving its ability to locate prey in agricultural ecosystems.
Water Use Efficiency and Bio Mass Partitioning of Indian Mustard under Different Environment Conditions of Shivalik Foot Hills
Authors: Koushal Sanjay , Anbarasan S. , H S Chandana , Singh Bhim , Sarma Hridesh Harsha , Akram Chinnahajisagari Mohammad , S P Sharan , G M Rajesh
Published: September 2024

A field experiment was conducted in Rabi 2018–19 to look at the water requirements and above-ground biomass partitioning in mustard crops growing both rainfed and irrigated. The amount of biomass produced above ground was significantly influenced by the temperature environment and the crop's efficiency in using water during the growing season. The total buildup of above-ground biomass under irrigation was demonstrated to be higher than under rainfed conditions. In both irrigated and rainfed settings, the crop's total above ground biomass was found higher on October 07 than it was on October 21 and November 6. The impact of additional meteorological factors (such as maximum and minimum temperatures) was noted to have increased the Reference crop evapotranspiration (RCET) during the PS1 and PS3 phases relative to the PS2 stage. When the mustard crop was sown in early, normal, or late conditions, the total amount of water needed was 331.06 mm, 324.90 mm, and 303.65 mm, respectively. In comparison to the cultivar Pusa Mustard 26 (NPJ113), which was sown under rainfed and irrigation circumstances, the cultivar Pusa Mustard 27 (EJ17) had a greater crop water use efficiency (CWUE).
Extending Cucumber Shelf Life: A Comparative Study of Low-Cost Drip Cooling Systems Using Different Fabric Coverings
Authors: Feril Joanna P. , Ravelo Sarah M.
Published: September 2024

Aims: Postharvest losses of cucumbers pose significant challenges for small-scale farmers in developing regions due to limited access to modern cold storage. This study investigated the effectiveness of low-cost indigenous drip coolers with different fabric coverings as an alternative preservation method.
Study Design:  Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Crop Science, Surigao del Norte State University – Mainit Campus, Mainit, Surigao del Norte, Philippines on March 1-20, 2024.
Methodology: Cucumber fruits were stored in indigenous drip coolers constructed with various recycled fabric coverings. Treatment combinations were: T1 - Control ambient temperature, T2 - Alpha Gina fabric, T3 - Silk satin bedsheets, T4 – Cotton comforter, and T5 - Cotton Blanket. The study evaluated color change, firmness, shriveling index, visual quality rating, weight loss, and damage rate over 20 days storage period.
Results: Significant differences in cucumber fruit quality emerged at different time points across various parameters. Differences in color change and firmness were observed on day 15 (p = 0.023), while shriveling and visual quality showed differences by day 20 of storage (p = 0.042 and p = 0.042, respectively). However, in terms of weight loss, the Alpha gina fabric significantly had the highest loss among fabric covers used (p = 0.038). Consistently, the control ambient group exhibited the poorest quality, while treatments like the cotton comforter and silk satin bedsheet were most effective in preserving cucumber quality.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of indigenous drip coolers in preserving cucumber quality, with silk satin bedsheets and cotton comforter coverings consistently outperforming other materials and ambient conditions. These coolers were effective in slowing color change, maintaining firmness, reducing shriveling, and preserving overall visual quality. The study highlights the importance of fabric selection in drip cooler design, with cotton comforter and silk satin bedsheet coverings likely offering better air circulation, moisture retention, and insulation.
Rearing Performances of Different Eco-Races of Eri Silkworm (Samia Ricini Boisd.) in Jorhat, Assam
Authors: Bora Nanita , Gogoi Dhanakhi , Singha Th. Aruna , Marak Merrylina
Published: September 2024

Eri silkworm (Samia ricini Boisd.) is a commercially exploited domesticated silkworm. In the present study an effort was made to evaluate the rearing performances of five eco-races of eri silkworm such as Borduar, Titabar, Dhemaji, Diphu and Kokrajhar in the circumstances of Jorhat district of Assam. The main objective behind this study was to find out the best performing eri silkworm eco-race for the Jorhat district to increase the income of the eri silkworm rearers of the region. To study each of the parameter for evaluating the rearing performances of the eco-races, the larvae were selected randomly from each of the three replication that were maintained separately for the eco-races by using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The analysis was based on different larval and cocoon characters like larval weight (g), cocoon weight (g), shell weight (g), pupal weight(g), shell ratio (%), effective rate of rearing (ERR%). Out of these five eco-races of eri silkworm Titabar eco-race showed better performance followed by Borduar and Dhemaji in terms of all the aspects. The larval and cocoon parameters were found to be significantly different for each of the eco-race of eri silkworm.
Studies on Berry Thinning and Leaf Removal Practices in Grapes
Authors: Deepika  , Devi Manju , Gautam Nidhish , Thakur Kiran
Published: September 2024

Berry thinning and leaf removal are important operations in viticulture to achieve quality crop harvest. Consequently, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of berry thinning and leaf removal practices in Thompson Seedless grapes at RHRTS Sharbo, Kinnaur in 2023. For the study, summer pruning including leaf removal and berry clipping practices were considered as main treatments at veraison stage. Among various treatments combination of removal of basal five leaves and berry clipping by keeping six shoulders (T5) and clipping by keeping four shoulders (T4) have improved berry weight (4.47 g and 4.29 g), berry size (12.96 mm and 12.52 mm), bunch weight (216.65 g and 218.25g) and TSS (17.330B and 15.500B) respectively, compared to control (2.81g, 8.43 mm, 181.45g and 13.810B respectively.). Hence, berry clipping and leaf removal practices is essential form of crop load management to get quality grapes.
Pollination Peril: The Impact of Neonicotinoids’ on Foraging Behaviour of Indian Honey Bee (Apis cerana Fab). (Hymenoptera; Apidae) in Sunflower Fields
Authors: B R Archana , K Muralimohan , V.V Belavadi , T. M Ramanappa , G Eshwarappa,
Published: September 2024

Honey bees are essential for sunflower pollination, which boosts crop yield and quality. The decline in bee populations, worsened by neonicotinoid insecticides, poses a significant threat to agriculture. This study examined the effects of neonicotinoids -specifically imidacloprid and thiamethoxam -on the foraging activity and health of Apis cerana Fabricius within sunflower crops. Sunflower seeds (RHA-92) were sown and managed according to standard agricultural practices, with the field divided into three sub-blocks (30 x 40 feet), each receiving one of three treatments: imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, or untreated control. Insecticides were applied at recommended doses when 50 per cent of the plants were in the flowering stage. The crops were covered with a nylon net before flowering to prevent external contamination. A colony of A. cerana, was introduced into each plot one day after insecticide application. Foraging activity, bee behavior, and colony health were monitored daily for seven days post-application, with bee visits to flower heads recorded hourly. Results showed a significant decrease in foraging activity in treated plots, with imidacloprid causing the most pronounced reduction - from 5.40 bees/head/5 min. on day one to 2.13 bees/head/5 min. by day three. Thiamethoxam also led to reduced activity but to a lesser extent. The untreated control maintained stable foraging levels throughout the study. These findings underscore that neonicotinoid insecticides, particularly imidacloprid, severely impair the foraging behavior of A. cerana, highlighting the need for careful use of these chemicals to mitigate their adverse effects on bee populations and ensure effective pollination in agriculture.
The Role of Garden Based Nutrition Education in Enhancing Healthy Eating Habits and Cognition among Preschoolers
Authors: N Shiji , G K Beela
Published: September 2024

Aims: 1)To  assess the effectiveness of garden-based nutrition education in promoting healthy dietary habits and nutritional knowledge among preschool-aged children; 2) to evaluate the methodologies employed in studying the impact of garden-based nutrition education on cognitive development and academic performance in preschoolers;  3) to analyse the results of research studies investigating the use of garden-based nutrition education in improving nutritional status, cognitive function, and learning outcomes among preschool-aged children; and 4) to discuss the implications of findings related to the use of garden-based nutrition education for early childhood education, parental involvement, and public health policy.
Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review using electronic databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar to identify relevant peer-reviewed articles, reviews, and meta-analyses published between 2010 and 2022. Studies examining the impact of garden-based nutrition education on food habits and cognitive development among preschool-aged children were included in the review. Data extraction was performed to compile information on study objectives, methodologies, key findings, and implications.
Results: The review identified a growing body of literature highlighting the positive impact of garden-based nutrition education on cognition among preschool-aged children. Studies have demonstrated that garden-based nutrition education interventions lead to improvements in dietary intake, nutritional knowledge, and dietary behaviour among preschoolers and their families. Moreover, engagement in garden-based activities has been associated with enhanced cognitive function, academic readiness, and socio-emotional development among preschool-aged children.
Conclusion: In conclusion, garden-based nutrition education offers a promising approach to enhancing cognition among preschool-aged children by promoting healthy dietary habits and supporting cognitive development. This review highlights the importance of further research and innovation in the development and implementation of garden-based nutrition education programs tailored to the unique needs of preschoolers and their families. By integrating garden-based activities into early childhood education curricula and community-based interventions, stakeholders can work towards ensuring that all preschoolers have the opportunity to reach their full cognitive potential and thrive in their early years.
Impact of Basal Phosphorus Application and Foliar Molybdenum Spray on the Agronomic Performance of DVN11 Soybean
Authors: Khoi Nguyen Tuan
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the impact of basal phosphorus (P2O5) application combined with foliar molybdenum (Mo) spraying on the growth, development, and yield of the DVN11 soybean variety. A field experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with different treatment combinations of P2O5 and Mo. The parameters measured included plant height, number of leaves, pod formation, biomass accumulation, and final yield.
The results demonstrated that the combined application of P2O5 and foliar Mo significantly enhanced plant height and leaf number compared to the control. Pod formation and biomass accumulation were also positively influenced by the treatments, indicating improved overall plant health and productivity. The highest yield was observed in the treatment with the optimal combination of basal P2O5 and foliar Mo, highlighting the synergistic effect of these nutrients.
Our findings suggest that the integration of basal phosphorus application with foliar molybdenum spraying can be an effective agronomic practice to boost the growth and yield of DVN11 soybean. This study provides valuable insights for soybean cultivation and nutrient management, promoting sustainable agricultural practices.
Assessment of Physiological Traits of Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol) Standl) Genotypes
Authors: Saryam Niranjan , Tiwari Akhilesh , Pandey S. K. , Tiwari Gyanendra , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Nagre Sachin Prakash
Published: September 2024

A study was conducted at the Vegetable Research Farm, Maharajpur, Department of Horticulture, JNKVV, Jabalpur. In this study, 23 genotypes of bottle gourds (6 parental lines, 15 diallel crosses, and 2 checks) were assessed for performance with an emphasis on physiological characteristics. The maximum leaf area index (11.17) and leaf area duration (241.26) were obtained for the genotype JBG-2 at 75 DAS and 60-75 DAS respectively. However, the maximum specific leaf area was recorded In Samrat-1 (2189.66). At 60 DAS, the highest specific leaf weight (0.90) of JBG-4×Pusa Naveen (2189.66) was recorded. The maximum chlorophyll content index was reported at 60 DAS for JBG-4×JBG-5 (53.88). At 60 DAS, JBG-2×Pusa Naveen (10.16) and JBG-3×Pusa Naveen (65.31%) had the highest energy interception and light transmission ratios, respectively. It is easier to choose genotypes with the best physiological attributes for increased growth and yield when one is aware of the relationships between these traits. For example, genotypes with high levels of LAI and LAD are probably more capable of photosynthetic processes, which improves overall performance.
Effects of Crises on the Tourism Sector: The Case of Greece
Authors: Pnevmatikos Triantafyllos , Zouni Georgia , Nasiou Paraskevi-Myrsini
Published: September 2024

Aim: This study aims at investigating the contribution of tourism to the economic growth of Greece and how this sector was affected by the two crises: the socio-economic crisis that Greece faced after 2008 and the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.
Methodology: The study concentrates on Greece during the years 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020, using the Input-Output Analysis as a methodological tool. This method is frequently used to interpret the function of an economic system and the productive relationships among different sectors of an economy.
Results: The data analysis presents that the two crises appear to have negatively affected the dynamism of tourism related sectors such as 'Accommodation and food services' and 'Rental and leasing activities'. On the contrary, sectors like 'Retail trade services' and 'Creative, arts and entertainment services, etc.' seem to have great resilience throughout the two major crises. Furthermore, the prominent role of 'Transport services' sector during the period 2005-2020 is worth to be mentioned for the intensity of its strong interindustry exchanges with other sectors of the economy. In general, interindustry exchanges of the sectors related to tourism seem to have satisfactory levels of intensity in the four years under examination revealing the dynamism of tourism and its contribution to the recovery of the Greek economy from the dual crisis.
Conclusion: The two crises that Greece experienced, have affected the sectors related to tourism to a different extent and policy makers should take this fact under consideration. Resource allocation should focus on the development of leading sectors as well as on sectors generating the highest multiplier effects. Additionally, enhancing the interdependencies among dominant sectors can contribute to the creation of a more competitive tourism sector that can be resilient to future crises.
Revolutionizing Sericulture: New Trends in Biotechnological Applications and By-Product Utilization
Authors: S. M Kishore , Sowmya K. , Krishnaveni A. , K S Nikhil Reddy , K S Shalini , Akula Tejaswi
Published: September 2024

Sericulture, the cultivation of silkworms for silk production, is evolving with significant advancements in sustainability and technology. This review deals with recent trends and innovations in Sericulture, highlighting the potential of sericulture by-products in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and biofuel production. The application of biotechnological methods, including genetic engineering and bio-nanotechnology, has revolutionized silk production, enhancing silk quality and yield. The integration of advanced techniques and the diversification of silk applications, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and agriculture, promise to enhance the economic viability of sericulture. The review emphasizes the need for comprehensive research on by-product utilization and development of sericulture models to boost sustainability and profitability of the industry. By balancing traditional practices with modern advancements, sericulture is poised for a sustainable and prosperous future.
Antifungal Efficacy of Kappaphycus alvarezii and Other Macro-algae against Alternaria solani Induced Early Blight in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: A Elanselvi. , P Mahalakshmi. , A Thamizh Iniyan. , S Harish. , M Kavitha , V.P Santhana Krishnan , G Muthukumar.
Published: September 2024

Aims: To evaluate the antifungal activity of various seaweed extracts against A. solani under in vitro conditions.
Methodology: The pathogen A.solani was isolated and its pathogenicity confirmed through inoculation on tomato plants. Molecular characterization was performed using PCR amplification and sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region. Seaweed species, including Sargassum wightii, Kappaphycus alvarezii, Gracilaria edulis, Caulerpa racemosa, and Ulva lactuca, were collected, processed, and extracted using various solvents. The antifungal activity of these seaweed extracts was assessed using the Poisoned Food Technique, measuring the inhibition of A. solani growth.
Results: Among the seaweed extracts tested, Kappaphycus alvarezii demonstrated the highest antifungal activity, with a maximum mycelial growth inhibition of 76% at a 5% concentration. Sargassum wightii also showed significant antifungal properties, with a 71.10% reduction in mycelial growth.
Conclusion: The study reveals the promising potential of seaweed extracts, particularly Kappaphycus alvarezii and Sargassum wightii, as natural antifungal agents against A. solani. These findings suggest that seaweed-based bio-stimulants could serve as effective, eco-friendly alternatives to chemical fungicides in managing early blight disease in tomatoes are in tomato crops and highlights the potential of seaweed extracts as a natural antifungal agent.
Herbicidal and Nitrogen Efficacy on Weed Management in Wheat Fields of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Jeevan Narayanaswamy , Kannihalli Saleemali , K B Chethan Kumar , Singh J K , Veershetty  , Sathish Karan , M Shankar , R Venugopala Gowda , Kumar Surla Pradeep , Sindhushree Yerradoddi , Singh Nunavath Umil
Published: September 2024

Weeds can significantly affect crop yield and nutrient uptake, making effective management crucial in wheat fields. This study, conducted during the winter (Rabi) season of 2018-19 at the Agricultural Research Farm of Banaras Hindu University in Varanasi, aimed to assess the combined impact of different nitrogen levels and herbicide treatments on weed control and wheat production. The objective was to determine the best practices for reducing weed competition and improving crop performance. The experiment was set up using a split plot design with three replications. The treatments comprised of 3 nitrogen levels and 5 weed control methods. The study identified nine prevalent weed species in wheat fields, including Phalaris minor, Anagallis arvensis, Cynodon dactylon, Chenopodium album, Melilotus indicus, Vicia sativa, Medicago denticulata, Solanum nigrum, and Cyperus rotundus, with Anagallis arvensis, Chenopodium album and Vicia sativa being the most dominant. The application of Sulfosulfuron (25 g ha-1) combined with 2, 4-D (750 ml ha-1) resulted in the lowest weed density and biomass and the  highest weed control efficiency. Additionally, performing hand weeding twice (30 and 60 days after sowing) in conjunction with 180 kg N ha-1, followed by the application of Sulfosulfuron (25 g ha-1) + 2, 4-D (750 ml ha-1), significantly reduced Anagallis arvensis, Chenopodium album and Vicia sativa population and biomass and improved weed control effectiveness. Higher weed dry weight and population results in lower plant nutrient uptake and lower dry matter of crop plant and yield.
Antifungal Activity of Plant Extracts in Different Solvents against Rhizoctonia solani Causing Sheath Blight disease in Rice
Authors: Ravali S. , Rai Bimla
Published: September 2024

Sheath blight of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani) leads to significant yield losses under severe disease conditions. This study investigates the efficacy of various aqueous and ethanol plant extracts against the mycelial growth and sclerotial production of R. solani under In vitro condition and sheath blight disease in rice under polyhouse condition. Among the aqueous extracts, Datura stramonium showed the highest efficacy, reducing mycelial growth from 13.17 mm at 20% concentration to 3.34 mm at 50%, with 85.37% to 96.29% inhibition. Cannabis sp. and Calotropis gigantean also exhibited strong antifungal properties, while Aegle marmelos, Aloe barbadensis and Azadirachta indica showed moderate effectiveness. Nerium oleander was the least effective. Ethanol extracts of Aegle marmelos, Calotropis gigantean, and Datura stramonium completely inhibited mycelial growth at all concentrations, with Azadirachta indica, Cannabis sp. and Aloe barbadensis also demonstrating high efficacy. Datura stramonium aqueous extract was the most effective in reducing sclerotium production, while ethanol extracts of Aegle marmelos, Calotropis gigantean, Datura stramonium, and Azadirachta indica completely inhibited it. In polyhouse conditions, aqueous and ethanol extracts of Datura stramonium and Cannabis sp. were the most effective in reducing rice sheath blight severity, with Datura stramonium reducing severity to 10.96% and 7.67%, respectively and Cannabis sp. to 11.78% and 8.25%. Calotropis gigantean and Aegle marmelos also showed notable effectiveness. These findings highlight the potential of Datura stramonium and Cannabis sp. as eco-friendly agents for managing R. solani and rice sheath blight disease.
Stress, Coping, and Shopping: Exploring Behavioural Responses
Authors: Bisht Kanchan , Desu Surya Tejaswi
Published: September 2024

Stress is an inherent part of human experience, arising from different sources such as environmental pressures, academic challenges, and personal life events etc. It manifests as a physiological response to perceived threats, impacting individual’s daily lives and necessitating adaptive adjustments. Coping with stress is essential for an individual in maintaining mental and physical well-being. Coping strategies vary among individuals; one intriguing coping mechanism that has garnered attention is "Retail therapy". This study explores how shopping serves as a coping strategy and sheds some light on its role in stress management by female PG students of GBPUAT, Pantnagar as well as its impact on mental and emotional well-being. This study uses the Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale, Carver’s Brief COPE Scale and for assessing shopping behavior, questions derived from Martinez-Lopez’s study in 2016. Correlation is the main data analysis technique used in this research. The results revealed that coping strategies play a key role in stress management, while stress levels are inversely related to shopping behavior.
Assessing Physical Characteristics for Precision Harvester Design: A Comparative Study of Spinach, Fenugreek, and Coriander Leafy Vegetables
Authors: Nag Ramineni Harsha , Sharma P.K. , Kushwaha H.L. , B.S. Madhusudan , Rathod Sunil Kumar , Kumar Achugatla Kesav , Kushwah Ajay
Published: September 2024

Aim: This study aims to assess the physical characteristics of spinach, fenugreek, and coriander, focusing on parameters essential for the design of a precision harvester. Given the labor-intensive and costly nature of manual harvesting, this research addresses the need for mechanization in leafy vegetable farming.
Methodology: The physical characteristics analyzed include plant dimensions such as height, leaf width and length, stem and petiole diameter, leaf height from the ground, plant weight, and leaf-petiole/branch ratio. Additionally, crop geometry was examined, considering plant spacing, row spacing, the number of petioles per plant, and crop density. Measurements were collected from 30 samples of each crop, with data analysis focusing on mean values, standard deviations, and other statistical parameters
Results: The study found significant variability in the physical characteristics of the three crops. Spinach exhibited the tallest crop height (42.8± 9 cm) and largest leaf dimensions (7.3±2 mm), whereas fenugreek and coriander had smaller leaves and shorter crop heights. Spinach also had the highest bulk density (103.9±7.3 kg/m3) and leaf-stalk ratio (1.08±0.11), which are crucial for the design of storage and cutting mechanisms. In contrast, coriander had the highest crop density, impacting the design of the cutter and conveyor systems.
Conclusion: The differences in physical characteristics among spinach, fenugreek, and coriander necessitate tailored design considerations for precision harvesters. Spinach's larger size and higher density require more robust harvesting mechanisms, while the smaller and denser crops like fenugreek and coriander demand precision in cutter bar and conveyor designs. These findings will guide the development of efficient, crop-specific precision harvesters.