bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Willelmi Malmesbiriensis Monachi De gestis pontificum Anglorum libri quinque
Authors: William of Malmesbury
Published: November 2013

William of Malmesbury (c.1090–c.1142) was a prolific historian and a trustworthy chronicler, described by Professor R. M. Thomson as 'the most learned European of his day' and 'England's greatest national and local historian since Bede'. A Benedictine monk, he spent his adult life at Malmesbury Abbey, where he assisted the Abbot in founding the library, and devoted his time to writing. The Latin text presented here, originally published in 1870 as part of the Rolls Series, is based on the manuscript at Magdalen College, Oxford. It is described with confidence by N. E. S. A. Hamilton as 'no other than Malmesbury's own autograph' - a claim which the editor backs up in his comprehensive preface. Revised and added to over a period of ten years following its completion in around 1125, this early ecclesiastical history of England is as much a historical record as a primary source in its own right.
The Collected Works of William Morris
Authors: Morris William , Morris May
Published: November 2013

A creative titan of the Victorian age, William Morris (1834–96) produced a prodigious variety of literary and artistic work in his lifetime. In addition to his achievements as a versatile designer at the forefront of the arts and crafts movement, Morris distinguished himself as a poet, translated Icelandic sagas and classical epics, wrote a series of influential prose romances, and gave lectures promoting his socialist principles. His collected works, originally published in 24 volumes between 1910 and 1915, were edited by his daughter Mary (May) Morris (1862–1938), whose introductions to each volume chart with insight and sympathy the development of her father's literary, aesthetic and political passions. Volume 7 contains translations of Icelandic literature, namely the Grettis saga, the Völsunga saga and several songs of the Elder Edda.
The Collected Works of William Morris
Authors: Morris William , Morris May
Published: November 2013

A creative titan of the Victorian age, William Morris (1834–96) produced a prodigious variety of literary and artistic work in his lifetime. In addition to his achievements as a versatile designer at the forefront of the arts and crafts movement, Morris distinguished himself as a poet, translated Icelandic sagas and classical epics, wrote a series of influential prose romances, and gave lectures promoting his socialist principles. His collected works, originally published in 24 volumes between 1910 and 1915, were edited by his daughter Mary (May) Morris (1862–1938), whose introductions to each volume chart with insight and sympathy the development of her father's literary, aesthetic and political passions. Volume 9 contains the verse drama Love is Enough (1873) and the various ballads and lyrics of Poems by the Way (1891).
The Collected Works of William Morris
Authors: Morris William , Morris May
Published: November 2013

A creative titan of the Victorian age, William Morris (1834–96) produced a prodigious variety of literary and artistic work in his lifetime. In addition to his achievements as a versatile designer at the forefront of the arts and crafts movement, Morris distinguished himself as a poet, translated Icelandic sagas and classical epics, wrote a series of influential prose romances, and gave lectures promoting his socialist principles. His collected works, originally published in 24 volumes between 1910 and 1915, were edited by his daughter Mary (May) Morris (1862–1938), whose introductions to each volume chart with insight and sympathy the development of her father's literary, aesthetic and political passions. Volume 21 contains the posthumously published novel The Sundering Flood (1897) and several unfinished prose romances.
De Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliae
Authors: Bracton Henry de
Published: November 2013

The thirteenth-century Latin legal treatise best known as Bracton is now thought to be the work of several hands, and Henry de Bracton (d.1268) to have been only the last of these. Work began on it in the 1230s and largely ceased in the early 1250s, but the treatise - an ambitious survey of English law - was never finished. Between 1878 and 1883, the scholar and jurist Sir Travers Twiss (1809–97) edited and published this work in six volumes for the Rolls Series. His text was mainly based on the first printed edition of 1569. Although he provided the first English translation of Bracton, Twiss's work has been criticised and since superseded. Volume 3 contains the first part of Book 4. This covers the assize of novel disseisin, and related actions and litigation about rights of common.
De Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliae
Authors: Bracton Henry de
Published: November 2013

The thirteenth-century Latin legal treatise best known as Bracton is now thought to be the work of several hands, and Henry de Bracton (d.1268) to have been only the last of these. Work began on it in the 1230s and largely ceased in the early 1250s, but the treatise - an ambitious survey of English law - was never finished. Between 1878 and 1883, the scholar and jurist Sir Travers Twiss (1809–97) edited and published this work in six volumes for the Rolls Series. His text was mainly based on the first printed edition of 1569. Although he provided the first English translation of Bracton, Twiss's work has been criticised and since superseded. Volume 4 contains the second part of Book 4. It covers the assizes of darrein presentment, mort d'ancestor and utrum, and related actions and litigation about dower.
De Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliae
Authors: Bracton Henry de
Published: November 2013

The thirteenth-century Latin legal treatise best known as Bracton is now thought to be the work of several hands, and Henry de Bracton (d.1268) to have been only the last of these. Work began on it in the 1230s and largely ceased in the early 1250s, but the treatise – an ambitious survey of English law – was never finished. Between 1878 and 1883, the scholar and jurist Sir Travers Twiss (1809–97) edited and published this work in six volumes for the Rolls Series. His text was mainly based on the first printed edition of 1569. Although he provided the first English translation of Bracton, Twiss's work has been criticised and since superseded. Volume 6 contains the remainder of Book 5. It covers warranty, exceptions and writs of prohibition to court christian.
The Metrical Chronicle of Robert of Gloucester
Authors: Robert of Gloucester
Published: November 2013

This ballad chronicle, published in two volumes in 1887, is attributed to Robert of Gloucester (fl. c.1260–c.1300), both because it is written in Gloucestershire dialect, which makes it a valuable source for students of Middle English, and because the writer was probably an eyewitness to the contemporary events he mentions in the text, such as the siege of Gloucester Castle and the Battle of Evesham during the so-called Second Barons' War (1264–7). These are by far the most interesting portions of the poem, since much of the preceding historical narrative is derived second-hand from earlier Latin chroniclers. Volume 2, edited by the scholar William Aldis Wright (1831–1914), contains the second half of the chronicle and includes, as appendices, additions to the text and variations found in the various manuscript sources, as well as a glossary and index to both volumes.
The Archaeology and Ethnography of Central Africa
Authors: Denbow James
Published: November 2013

The Archaeology and Ethnography of Central Africa provides the first detailed description of the prehistory of the Loango coast of west-central Africa over the course of more than 3,000 years. The archaeological data presented in this volume comes from a pivotal area through which, as linguistic and historical reconstructions have long indicated, Bantu-speaking peoples expanded before reaching eastern and southern Africa. Despite its historical importance, the prehistory of the Atlantic coastal regions of west-central Africa has until now remained almost unknown. James Denbow offers an imaginative approach to this subject, integrating the scientific side of fieldwork with the interplay of history, ethnography, politics, economics, and personalities. The resulting 'anthropology of archaeology' highlights the connections between past and present, change and modernity, in one of the most inaccessible and poorly known regions of west-central and southern Africa.
Northwest Europe in the Early Middle Ages, c.AD 600–1150
Authors: Loveluck Christopher
Published: November 2013

Christopher Loveluck's study explores the transformation of Northwest Europe (primarily Britain, France and Belgium) from the era of the first post-Roman 'European Union' under the Carolingian Frankish kings to the so-called 'feudal' age, between c. AD 600 and 1150. During these centuries radical changes occurred in the organisation of the rural world. Towns and complex communities of artisans and merchant-traders emerged and networks of contact between northern Europe, the Mediterranean, and the Middle and Far East were redefined, with long-lasting consequences into the present day. Loveluck provides the most comprehensive comparative analysis of the rural and urban archaeological remains in this area for twenty-five years. Supported by evidence from architecture, relics, manuscript illuminations and texts, this book explains how the power and intentions of elites were confronted by the aspirations and actions of the diverse rural peasantry, artisans and merchants, producing both intended and unforeseen social changes.
Keeping the Public Purse: An Experiment in Windfalls, Taxes, and the Incentives to Restrain Government
Authors: PALER LAURA
Published: November 2013

It is widely believed that rents from windfall revenue undermine accountability. An enduring explanation is that windfalls free leaders from the need to tax, producing a quiescent population. Yet, there is little direct evidence of how windfalls and taxes affect citizen political action. I use novel revenue and information experiments to examine whether and why windfalls (compared to taxes) affect how citizens participate in politics. The experiments were embedded in a public awareness campaign conducted with 1,863 citizens in Indonesia. The results—from an original survey and postcard campaign—indicate that the tax treatment increased monitoring and anti-incumbent political action. Yet, when given spending information, citizens in the windfall treatment cared just as much about misused revenue as those in the tax treatment. The findings have important implications for understanding not only how revenue affects citizen political behavior but also how people acquire and process information on government spending.
The Passion of the Passacaille: Ravel, Wagner,Parsifal
Authors: PURI MICHAEL J.
Published: November 2013

Long considered to lie ‘light years’ apart, Ravel and Wagner actually have multiple points of contact. Several appear in the comments Ravel made about the German composer in his articles, interviews and correspondence. Another is a previously unrecognised allusion toParsifalin the Passacaille of Ravel's Trio (1914), which he composed shortly after writing a review of the opera's premiere in Paris. Additional Wagnerisms can be located inDaphnis et Chloé(1909–12) andL'Enfant et les sortilèges(1920–5). More broadly, Wagner plays a central role in the ‘decadent dialectics’ of Ravel's style.
Ultrastructure of the Excretory Organs ofBombus morio(Hymenoptera: Bombini): Bee Without Rectal Pads
Authors: Gonçalves Wagner Gonzaga , Fialho Maria do Carmo Queiroz , Azevedo Dihego Oliveira , Zanuncio José Cola , Serrão José Eduardo
Published: November 2013

Bumblebees need to keep bodily homeostasis and for that have an efficient system of excretion formed by the Malpighian tubules, ileum, and rectum. We analyzed the excretory organs ofBombus morio, a bee without rectal pads. In addition, we analyzed the rectal epithelium ofMelipona quadrifasciata anthidioideswhich has rectal pads. The Malpighian tubules exhibited two cell types and the ileum four types. However, comparative analysis of the rectum showed that only cells of the anterior region of the rectal epithelium ofB. morioare structurally distinct. We suggest that cells of the Malpighian tubules ofB. moriohave an excretory feature and that cells of ileum have different functions, such as ion absorption and water, organic compound, and protein secretion. In addition, only the anterior region of the rectum ofB. morioshowed characteristic absorption. We suggest that Malpighian tubules participate in the excretion of solutes and that the ileum and rectal epithelium are responsible for homeostasis of water and solutes, compensating for the absence of rectal papillae. These results contribute to our understanding of the morphophysiology of the excretory organs of bees without rectal pads.
Calendar
Authors: Webster Paul
Published: November 2013

Following is a list of microscopy related meetings and courses. The editors would greatly appreciate input to this list via the electronic submission form under “events/other microscopy events” at the MSA webpage: www.microscopy.org. We will gladly add hypertext links to the notice on the web and insert a listing of the meeting in the next issue.
Stick Tight!
Authors: Carmichael Stephen W.
Published: November 2013

The rocky intertidal zone is an extreme environment with high, variable forces from crashing waves and strong ocean currents. A family of fishes, including the northern clingfish (Gobiesox maeandricus), has evolved an adhesive disc that allows them to adhere to rocks in the intertidal zone and even launch predatory attacks on molluscs that are attached to the rocks (Figure 1). Dylan Wainwright, Thomas Kleinteich, Anja Kleinteich, Stanislav Gorb, and Adam Summers studied the morphology of this fish disc to understand the properties of a reversibly adhesive disc that has a strong tenacity to stick to irregular, slippery, and wet surfaces.
The Euro Crisis and Its Constitutional Consequences for Finland: Is There Room for National Politics in EU Decision-Making?
Authors: Leino Päivi , Salminen Janne
Published: November 2013

Economic crisis, constitutional crisis – Finnish constitutional requirements and solutions – National parliaments' European constitutional function – Finnish parliament's rights – Development of economic and monetary union – Economic and monetary union and development of it as the ‘Union matter’ in Finland – Stabilisation – European Financial Stability Facility – European Stability Mechanism – Economic governance – National, European, political, constitutional
Human Primpol1: a novel guardian of stalled replication forks
Authors: Im Jun‐Sub , Lee Kyung Yong , Dillon Laura W , Dutta Anindya
Published: November 2013

Huang and colleagues identify a human primase‐polymerase that is required for stalled replication fork restart and the maintenance of genome integrity.
Promoter decoding of transcription factor dynamics involves a trade‐off between noise and control of gene expression
Authors: Hansen Anders S , O'Shea Erin K
Published: November 2013

Numerous transcription factors (TFs) encode information about upstream signals in the dynamics of their activation, but how downstream genes decode these dynamics remains poorly understood. Using microfluidics to control the nucleocytoplasmic translocation dynamics of the budding yeast TF Msn2, we elucidate the principles that govern how different promoters convert dynamical Msn2 input into gene expression output in single cells. Combining modeling and experiments, we classify promoters according to their signal‐processing behavior and reveal that multiple, distinct gene expression programs can be encoded in the dynamics of Msn2. We show that both oscillatory TF dynamics and slow promoter kinetics lead to higher noise in gene expression. Furthermore, we show that the promoter activation timescale is related to nucleosome remodeling. Our findings imply a fundamental trade‐off: although the cell can exploit different promoter classes to differentially control gene expression using TF dynamics, gene expression noise fundamentally limits how much information can be encoded in the dynamics of a single TF and reliably decoded by promoters.
Perturbation of the mutated EGFR interactome identifies vulnerabilities and resistance mechanisms
Authors: Li Jiannong , Bennett Keiryn , Stukalov Alexey , Fang Bin , Zhang Guolin , Yoshida Takeshi , Okamoto Isamu , Kim Jae‐Young , Song Lanxi , Bai Yun , Qian Xiaoning , Rawal Bhupendra , Schell Michael , Grebien Florian , Winter Georg , Rix Uwe , Eschrich Steven , Colinge Jacques , Koomen John , Superti‐Furga Giulio , Haura Eric B
Published: November 2013

We hypothesized that elucidating the interactome of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) forms that are mutated in lung cancer, via global analysis of protein–protein interactions, phosphorylation, and systematically perturbing the ensuing network nodes, should offer a new, more systems‐level perspective of the molecular etiology. Here, we describe an EGFR interactome of 263 proteins and offer a 14‐protein core network critical to the viability of multiple EGFR‐mutated lung cancer cells. Cells with acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) had differential dependence of the core network proteins based on the underlying molecular mechanisms of resistance. Of the 14 proteins, 9 are shown to be specifically associated with survival of EGFR‐mutated lung cancer cell lines. This included EGFR, GRB2, MK12, SHC1, ARAF, CD11B, ARHG5, GLU2B, and CD11A. With the use of a drug network associated with the core network proteins, we identified two compounds, midostaurin and lestaurtinib, that could overcome drug resistance through direct EGFR inhibition when combined with erlotinib. Our results, enabled by interactome mapping, suggest new targets and combination therapies that could circumvent EGFR TKI resistance.
Quantifying the Digital Traces of Hurricane Sandy on Flickr
Authors: Preis Tobias , Moat Helen Susannah , Bishop Steven R. , Treleaven Philip , Stanley H. Eugene
Published: November 2013

Society’s increasing interactions with technology are creating extensive “digital traces” of our collective human behavior. These new data sources are fuelling the rapid development of the new field of computational social science. To investigate user attention to the Hurricane Sandy disaster in 2012, we analyze data from Flickr, a popular website for sharing personal photographs. In this case study, we find that the number of photos taken and subsequently uploaded to Flickr with titles, descriptions or tags related to Hurricane Sandy bears a striking correlation to the atmospheric pressure in the US state New Jersey during this period. Appropriate leverage of such information could be useful to policy makers and others charged with emergency crisis management.
Investigating γ-secretase protein interactions in live cells using active site-directed clickable dual-photoaffinity probes
Authors: Ballard T. Eric , Murrey Heather E. , Geoghegan Kieran F. , am Ende Christopher W. , Johnson Douglas S.
Published: November 2013

Clickable γ-secretase active site-directed dual-photoaffinity probes specifically label components of the γ-secretase complex and form crosslinks between PS1-NTF and PS1-CTF.
When the River Leaves Its Bed: Analyzing Deviations between Planned and Actual Interaction Structures in IT Change Processes
Authors: Zolper Katja , Beimborn Daniel , Weitzel Tim
Published: November 2013

There is ample evidence of deviations between the actual and planned interaction structures between a firm's IT department and business units. Such deviations can hinder senior managers from governing their IT organizations effectively because they do not know how work really gets done. This paper develops an explanation for why actual structures differ from planned structures. Understanding this phenomenon is indispensable for managers to govern the real organization, to uphold compliance with important standards (e.g., ITIL, COBIT), to decide whether the formal or the actual organization is more effective, and, finally, to identify management actions that support the optimal structure. To develop this understanding, we analyze the interaction structures at the interface between firms’ business units and IT units in four rich cases, using data from 56 interviews and 47 questionnaires, and applying qualitative methods and social network analysis, which give us deep insights into planned and actual interaction among employees. We test two different explanations for deviations of actual from planned interaction structures and find that boundary-spanning theory provides the dominant explanation for such deviations: Inclined to span the business/IT boundary most effectively, the actors involved deviate from planned structures especially when other structures offer better boundary-spanning potential, which is influenced primarily by cross-domain knowledge. In addition, relationships also play an important role. On the positive side, relationships provide opportunities for such deviations, while on the negative side, a conflict-laden relationship might hinder deviations even if they were advantageous.
Corporate IT transformation at BARCO
Authors: Viaene Stijn , Işık Öykü
Published: November 2013

The case takes us back to 2009, a year of great turmoil and the start of a transformation journey for BARCO, a global visualisation solutions company. Stefaan Kindekens, newly appointed corporate CIO, is preparing the new IT strategy per request of the board of directors. At the heart of the proposal are the introduction of a new IT operating model and the replacement of the legacy systems landscape. The case allows for discussions about business and IT alignment, IT strategy, and IT governance.
Principles for maximising operator efficiency and return on investment in rotary dairies
Authors: Edwards J. P. , Jago J. G. , Lopez-Villalobos N.
Published: November 2013

This study quantified the effect of rotary size, platform speed, cluster attachment time, milk yield and end-of-milking criteria on cow throughput, operator efficiency and return on investment. A model was developed to predict the mean and standard deviation of cow milking duration for a given milk yield using milking data collected from commercial dairy farms in New Zealand. After accounting for the effect of end-of-milking criteria, this estimate was used to calculate the expected cow throughput and operator efficiency for a given platform speed, rotary size and cluster attachment time. The economic return of investing in rotaries of 44–80 bails, relative to a 40-bail rotary, was evaluated using a 25-year internal rate of return. The economic return of installing automatic cluster removers (ACR) was also examined. Estimated cow throughput increased with increasing platform speed and ACR threshold for a 50-bail rotary (a common rotary size) and the largest single gain in cow throughput came from changing the ACR threshold from 0.2 to 0.4 kg/min. Further increases had less impact, especially at lower platform speeds. However, for larger rotaries, maximum operator efficiency could be achieved using a variety of platform speeds and end-of-milking criteria. A larger rotary was required to achieve maximum potential operator efficiency, for a given cluster attachment time, as milk yield was increased. Increasing the minimum cluster attachment time decreased maximum potential operator efficiency. Consequently, operator ability and anticipated milk yield are key parameters when selecting the number of bails in a new-build rotary. Seventy- and 80-bail rotaries were generally not more operator efficient than 60-bail rotaries. Economically, the 50-bail rotary allowed the greatest labour saving per dollar invested for a typical farm conversion in Canterbury, New Zealand, although the ultimate choice of rotary size depends on the individual farm situation. The internal rate of return for installing ACR decreased with increasing rotary size, but was always positive. Farmers should carefully evaluate their options before investing in a new rotary.
Two NiII Complexes with Interesting Topologies Constructed from 5-Aminoisophthalic Acid with Rigid Bis(imidazole) Ligands
Authors: Zhao Fang-Hua , Zheng Xin , Che Yun-Xia
Published: November 2013

Two new NiII complexes, [Ni2(AIP)2(bib)1.5]·4H2O (1) and [Ni(AIP)(bibp)(H2O)]·H2O (2) (AIP = 5-aminoisophthalic acid, bib = 1,4-bis(1-imidazolyl)benzene and bibp = 4,4′-bis(1-imidazolyl)biphenyl), have been synthesised hydrothermally and characterised by IR, elemental, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and powder X-ray diffraction analyses. Topology analysis reveals that complex 1 is a 2D bilayer network, containing a new tetranodal (3,3,4,5)-connected (63)2(65·8)(68·82) configuration. Complex 2 exhibits a 2D→3D inclined polycatenate framework based on the 2D 44-sql net. In addition, the thermal stability of the two complexes was also studied.
Sagebrush carrying out hydraulic lift enhances surface soil nitrogen cycling and nitrogen uptake into inflorescences
Authors: Cardon Zoe G. , Stark John M. , Herron Patrick M. , Rasmussen Jed A.
Published: November 2013

Plant roots serve as conduits for water flow not only from soil to leaves but also from wetter to drier soil. This hydraulic redistribution through root systems occurs in soils worldwide and can enhance stomatal opening, transpiration, and plant carbon gain. For decades, upward hydraulic lift (HL) of deep water through roots into dry, litter-rich, surface soil also has been hypothesized to enhance nutrient availability to plants by stimulating microbially controlled nutrient cycling. This link has not been demonstrated in the field. Working in sagebrush-steppe, where water and nitrogen limit plant growth and reproduction and where HL occurs naturally during summer drought, we slightly augmented deep soil water availability to 14 HL+ treatment plants throughout the summer growing season. The HL+ sagebrush lifted greater amounts of water than control plants and had slightly less negative predawn and midday leaf water potentials. Soil respiration was also augmented under HL+ plants. At summer’s end, application of a gas-based15N isotopic labeling technique revealed increased rates of nitrogen cycling in surface soil layers around HL+ plants and increased uptake of nitrogen into HL+ plants’ inflorescences as sagebrush set seed. These treatment effects persisted even though unexpected monsoon rainstorms arrived during assays and increased surface soil moisture around all plants. Simulation models from ecosystem to global scales have just begun to include effects of hydraulic redistribution on water and surface energy fluxes. Results from this field study indicate that plants carrying out HL can also substantially enhance decomposition and nitrogen cycling in surface soils.
Contactless, photoinitiated snap-through in azobenzene-functionalized polymers
Authors: Shankar M. Ravi , Smith Matthew L. , Tondiglia Vincent P. , Lee Kyung Min , McConney Michael E. , Wang David H. , Tan Loon-Seng , White Timothy J.
Published: November 2013

Significance

Photomechanical effects in polymers are distinguished by the ease with which actinic light can be regulated to contactlessly trigger the magnitude and directionality of mechanical adaptivity with spatio-temporal control. The materials examined to date have not demonstrated power densities or actuation speeds necessary for applications seeking to exploit the promise of wirelessly triggered actuation. Using mechanical design, we employ two classes of azobenzene-functionalized polymers and demonstrate contactless snap-through of bistable arches realizing orders-of-magnitude enhancement in the actuation rates (∼10
2
mm/s) and powers (∼1 kW/m
3
) under moderate irradiation intensities (<<100 mW/cm
2
). The experimental characterization of the snap-through is supported with modeling that elucidates the effect of geometry, mechanical properties, and photogenerated strain on the actuation rate and energy output.
Exploiting imperfections in the bulk to direct assembly of surface colloids
Authors: Cavallaro Marcello , Gharbi Mohamed A. , Beller Daniel A. , Čopar Simon , Shi Zheng , Baumgart Tobias , Yang Shu , Kamien Randall D. , Stebe Kathleen J.
Published: November 2013

Significance

In this research, we develop new means of directing colloids at an interface to assemble into complex configurations by exploiting defects in a liquid crystal (LC). Through confinement of a nematic LC over a topographically patterned surface, we demonstrate the formation of defects at precise locations in the LC bulk. These defects source elastic distortion fields that guide the assembly of colloids constrained to the LC–air interface. This work significantly extends prior work in which LCs confined in film or droplet geometries guide colloidal assembly beyond simple triangular lattices and chains. Here, we demonstrate colloidal assembly at precise locations, with particle-rich and -poor regions, determined remotely by defects deliberately seeded in the LC bulk. Experimental results are supported by numerical and analytical investigation.
Development of a glycoconjugate vaccine to prevent meningitis in Africa caused by meningococcal serogroup X
Authors: Micoli Francesca , Romano Maria Rosaria , Tontini Marta , Cappelletti Emilia , Gavini Massimiliano , Proietti Daniela , Rondini Simona , Swennen Erwin , Santini Laura , Filippini Sara , Balocchi Cristiana , Adamo Roberto , Pluschke Gerd , Norheim Gunnstein , Pollard Andrew , Saul Allan , Rappuoli Rino , MacLennan Calman A. , Berti Francesco , Costantino Paolo
Published: November 2013

Significance

Meningococcal serogroup X has recently emerged as a cause of meningitis outbreaks with epidemic potential in sub-Saharan Africa. Novel conjugation technologies, compatible with a reproducible production process, have been successfully used to develop immunogenic polysaccharide conjugate vaccine candidates that are likely to protect against meningococcal X disease. The timely development of an anti-meningococcal X conjugate vaccine appears a logical next step in the broadest control of meningococcal disease and requires commitment now.
Colloidal analogs of molecular chain stoppers
Authors: Klinkova Anna , Thérien-Aubin Héloïse , Choueiri Rachelle M. , Rubinstein Michael , Kumacheva Eugenia
Published: November 2013

Significance

Self-assembly of nanoparticles in polymer-like chains bears a strong similarity to polymerization reactions, in which monomer units are brought together by directional noncovalent interactions. Based on this similarity, the molecular concepts of polymer chemistry can be applied to achieve controllable nanoparticle assembly. On the other hand, the ability to visualize nanoparticle assemblies and to exploit characterization tools used in nanoscience offers a unique way to study polymerization reactions. Here we explore this twofold strategy for an exemplary system including the self-assembly of bifunctional metal nanorods in the presence of monofunctional nanoparticles (chain stoppers). The approach provided insight into the polymerization kinetics, side reactions, the distribution of species in the system, and the design rules for the synthesis of molecular chain stoppers.
A genetic strategy to identify targets for the development of drugs that prevent bacterial persistence
Authors: Kim Jee-Hyun , O’Brien Kathryn M. , Sharma Ritu , Boshoff Helena I. M. , Rehren German , Chakraborty Sumit , Wallach Joshua B. , Monteleone Mercedes , Wilson Daniel J. , Aldrich Courtney C. , Barry Clifton E. , Rhee Kyu Y. , Ehrt Sabine , Schnappinger Dirk
Published: November 2013

Significance

Chronic bacterial infections, such as those caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(
Mtb
), continue to claim the lives of millions of people. New antibiotics are needed to treat these infections, but their development is hindered by a lack of targets whose inhibition quickly eradicates bacterial pathogens and prevents the survival of drug-tolerant persisters. We describe a unique dual-control (DUC) switch that combines repression of transcription and controlled proteolysis to silence gene activities in
Mtb
. By conditionally inactivating
Mtb
’s nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase, we demonstrate that the DUC switch can identify proteins that this pathogen requires for growth and nonreplicating persistence in vitro and during infections. Targeting such proteins holds the promise of yielding drugs that shorten the duration of antibacterial chemotherapies.
Genome rearrangements caused by interstitial telomeric sequences in yeast
Authors: Aksenova Anna Y. , Greenwell Patricia W. , Dominska Margaret , Shishkin Alexander A. , Kim Jane C. , Petes Thomas D. , Mirkin Sergei M.
Published: November 2013

Significance

Telomeres are composed of simple repetitive DNA sequences that normally are located at the ends of the chromosomes. Occasionally, however, they also are found inside chromosomes. Some of these internal or interstitial telomeric sequences colocalize with chromosomal fragile sites, preferred sites of breakage in some cancers and hereditary human diseases. The mechanisms responsible for genome instability at interstitial telomeric sequences are unclear. We developed a system to study genetic instabilities caused by these sequences in a model organism (baker’s yeast) that allowed us to characterize various chromosomal rearrangements and to measure the likelihood of their formation. We found that interstitial telomeric sequences promote the formation of deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations, and we proposed molecular mechanisms responsible for these events.
The
CentO
satellite confers translational and rotational phasing on cenH3 nucleosomes in rice centromeres
Authors: Zhang Tao , Talbert Paul B. , Zhang Wenli , Wu Yufeng , Yang Zujun , Henikoff Jorja G. , Henikoff Steven , Jiang Jiming
Published: November 2013

Significance

Centromeres are sites on chromosomes that mediate attachment to microtubules for chromosome segregation and often comprise tandemly repeated “satellite” sequences. The function of these repeats is unclear because centromeres can be formed on single-copy DNA by the presence of nucleosomes containing a centromere-specific variant of histone H3 (cenH3). Rice has centromeres composed of both the 155-bp
CentO
satellite repeat and single-copy non-
CentO
sequences. This study shows that rice cenH3 nucleosomes are regularly spaced with 155-bp periodicity on
CentO
repeats, but not on non-
CentO
sequences.
CentO
repeats have an ∼10-bp periodicity in dinucleotide pattern and in nuclease cleavage that suggests that
CentO
has evolved to minimize its bending energy on cenH3 nucleosomes and that centromeric satellites evolve for stabilization of cenH3 nucleosomes.
Long-term inhibitory plasticity in visual cortical layer 4 switches sign at the opening of the critical period
Authors: Lefort Sandrine , Gray Annette C. , Turrigiano Gina G.
Published: November 2013

Significance

Brain development is characterized by critical periods (CPs) during which neural circuitry is especially sensitive to experience. The changes in cellular plasticity mechanisms that distinguish these CPs from other developmental windows and how these windows open and close remain poorly understood. Here we show that the opening of the classical visual system CP is characterized by a switch in sign of synaptic plasticity at a class of GABAergic synapse known to be important for CP timing.
Prevalence of Earth-size planets orbiting Sun-like stars
Authors: Petigura Erik A. , Howard Andrew W. , Marcy Geoffrey W.
Published: November 2013

Significance

A major question is whether planets suitable for biochemistry are common or rare in the universe. Small rocky planets with liquid water enjoy key ingredients for biology. We used the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Kepler
telescope to survey 42,000 Sun-like stars for periodic dimmings that occur when a planet crosses in front of its host star. We found 603 planets, 10 of which are Earth size and orbit in the habitable zone, where conditions permit surface liquid water. We measured the detectability of these planets by injecting synthetic planet-caused dimmings into
Kepler
brightness measurements. We find that 22% of Sun-like stars harbor Earth-size planets orbiting in their habitable zones. The nearest such planet may be within 12 light-years.
Weighted inversion of general Dirichlet series
Authors: Glöckner Helge , Lucht Lutz
Published: November 2013

Inversion theorems of Wiener type are essential tools in analysis and number theory. We derive a weighted version of an inversion theorem of Wiener type for general Dirichlet series from that of Edwards from 1957, and we outline an alternative proof based on the duality theory of convex cones and extension techniques for characters of semigroups. Variants and arithmetical applications are described, including the case of multidimensional weighted generalized Dirichlet series.
Model-based clustering for RNA-seq data
Authors: Si Yaqing , Liu Peng , Li Pinghua , Brutnell Thomas P.
Published: November 2013

Motivation: RNA-seq technology has been widely adopted as an attractive alternative to microarray-based methods to study global gene expression. However, robust statistical tools to analyze these complex datasets are still lacking. By grouping genes with similar expression profiles across treatments, cluster analysis provides insight into gene functions and networks, and hence is an important technique for RNA-seq data analysis.

Results: In this manuscript, we derive clustering algorithms based on appropriate probability models for RNA-seq data. An expectation-maximization algorithm and another two stochastic versions of expectation-maximization algorithms are described. In addition, a strategy for initialization based on likelihood is proposed to improve the clustering algorithms. Moreover, we present a model-based hybrid-hierarchical clustering method to generate a tree structure that allows visualization of relationships among clusters as well as flexibility of choosing the number of clusters. Results from both simulation studies and analysis of a maize RNA-seq dataset show that our proposed methods provide better clustering results than alternative methods such as the K-means algorithm and hierarchical clustering methods that are not based on probability models.

Availability and implementation: An R package, MBCluster.Seq, has been developed to implement our proposed algorithms. This R package provides fast computation and is publicly available at http://www.r-project.org.

Contact:  sy@swufe.edu.cn; pliu@iastate.edu

Supplementary Information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Phylowood: interactive web-based animations of biogeographic and phylogeographic histories
Authors: Landis Michael J. , Bedford Trevor
Published: November 2013

Summary: Phylowood is a web service that uses JavaScript to generate in-browser animations of biogeographic and phylogeographic histories from annotated phylogenetic input. The animations are interactive, allowing the user to adjust spatial and temporal resolution, and highlight phylogenetic lineages of interest.

Availability and implementation: All documentation and source code for Phylowood is freely available at https://github.com/mlandis/phylowood, and a live web application is available at https://mlandis.github.io/phylowood.

Contact:  mlandis@berkeley.edu
George Chastelain and the Language of Burgundian Historiography
Authors: Strøm-Olsen Rolf
Published: November 2013

The court chronicler George Chastelain developed a complex language to express the interests of his patron, the Burgundian Duke Philip the Good (and, later, Charles the Bold), in establishing increased independence from the French crown. Because the duke was legally beholden to the crown by vassalage, this involved crafting a lexical strategy in which the French king was diminished, even as the ideal of French kingship remained intact, and even glorified, and is suggestive of the two-bodies theory of medieval jurisprudence. Chastelain's strategy can be discerned in specific words and phrases that he uses in conjunction with the French crown; it can also be seen in his reformulation of the traditional organological metaphor of state. In general, this effort was an attempt to address the question of power and legitimacy indirectly, through the tenets of the res publica, without tarnishing the image of French kingship itself.
Simulator Training Enhances Resident Performance in Transesophageal Echocardiography
Authors: Ferrero Natalie A. , Bortsov Andrey V. , Arora Harendra , Martinelli Susan M. , Kolarczyk Lavinia M. , Teeter Emily C. , Zvara David A. , Kumar Priya A.
Published: November 2013

Background:

Standardized training via simulation as an educational adjunct may lead to a more rapid and complete skill achievement. The authors hypothesized that simulation training will also enhance performance in transesophageal echocardiography image acquisition among anesthesia residents.

Methods:

A total of 42 clinical anesthesia residents were randomized to one of two groups: a control group, which received traditional didactic training, and a simulator group, whose training used a transesophageal echocardiography–mannequin simulator. Each participating resident was directed to obtain 10 commonly used standard views on an anesthetized patient under attending supervision. Each of the 10 selected echocardiographic views were evaluated on a grading scale of 0 to 10, according to predetermined criteria. The effect of the intervention was assessed by using a linear mixed model implemented in SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC).

Results:

Residents in the simulation group obtained significantly higher-quality images with a mean total image quality score of 83 (95% CI, 74 to 92) versus the control group score of 67 (95% CI, 58 to 76); P = 0.016. On average, 71% (95% CI, 58 to 85) of images acquired by each resident in the simulator group were acceptable for clinical use compared with 48% (95% CI, 35 to 62) in the control; P = 0.021. Additionally, the mean difference in score between training groups was the greatest for the clinical anesthesia-1 residents (difference 24; P = 0.031; n = 7 per group) and for those with no previous transesophageal echocardiography experience (difference 26; P = 0.005; simulator n = 13; control n = 11).

Conclusion:

Simulation-based transesophageal echocardiography education enhances image acquisition skills in anesthesiology residents.
Aeolian and subaqueous bedforms in shear flows
Authors: Andreotti Bruno , Claudin Philippe
Published: November 2013

A sediment bed sheared by an unbounded flow is unconditionally unstable towards the growth of bedforms called ripples under water and dunes in the aeolian case. We review here the dynamical mechanisms controlling this linear instability, putting the emphasis on testing models against field and laboratory measurements. We then discuss the role of nonlinearities and the influence of finite size effects, namely the depth of the atmospheric boundary layer in the aeolian case and the water depth in the case of rivers.
5-Methyl-1,3-diphenyl-N-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide
Authors: Chandra  , Mahesh S. S. , Srikantamurthy N. , Umesha K. B. , Palani K. , Mahendra M.
Published: November 2013

The asymmetric unit of the title compound C25H19N5OS, contains two molecules,AandB. In moleculeA, the dihedral angles between the pyrazole ring and the C-bound phenyl group, the N-bound phenyl group and the thiadiazole ring are 32.30 (14), 52.25 (14) and 34.94 (12)°, respectively. The corresponding angles in moleculeBare 33.32 (14), 50.67 (15), and 70.30 (12)°, respectively. In the crystal, theAandBmolecules are linked by pairs of N—H...N hydrogen bonds, generatingR22(8) loops. This dimer linkage is reinforced by two C—H...O hydrogen bonds and one C—H...N hydrogen bond.
1-(3-Oxo-3-phenylpropyl)piperidinium chloride
Authors: Anuradha Venkatramu , Madan Kumar S. , Siddaraju B. P. , Lokanath N. K. , Nagendra P.
Published: November 2013

In the title salt, C14H20NO+·Cl−, the piperidine ring adopts a chair conformation. In the crystal, the cations and anions are linked by classical N—H...Cl hydrogen bond and weak C—H...Cl and C—H...O hydrogen bonds; the C—H...O hydrogen bonds exhibitR22(14) ring motifs while the C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds link the molecules into chains along thea-axis direction. π–π stacking is observed between parallel phenyl rings of adjacent cations, the centroid–centroid distance being 3.8164 (15) Å.
16-Methyl-11-(2-methylphenyl)-14-phenyl-8,12-dioxa-14,15-diazatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.013,17]heptadeca-2(7),3,5,13(17),15-pentaene-10-carbonitrile
Authors: Kanchanadevi Jeevanandam , Anbalagan Gopalakrishnan , Kannan Damodharan , Bakthadoss Manickam , Manivannan Vadivelu
Published: November 2013

In the title compound, C28H23N3O2, the pyrazole ring makes a dihedral angle of 16.90 (6)° with the phenyl ring to which it is attached. Both dihydropyran rings exhibit half-chair conformations. Intramolecular C—H...O interactions generateS(6) andS(8) ring motifs. In the crystal, weak C—H...O and C—H...π interactions occur.
Impact of media on stock returns: an in-depth empirical study in China
Authors: Zhang Yahui , Wan Difang , Fu Leiming
Published: November 2013

Purpose

– Media-effect refers to the phenomenon that stocks with no or low media coverage earn higher returns than stocks with high coverage. This paper aims to explore the existence of media-effect in China stock market and tests the two competing hypotheses explaining this phenomenon.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors construct a research sample based on a media-coverage event: the publications of lists of the most wealthy Chinese individuals; in addition, they identify the stocks of which listed firms are led by a controller who is recognized on the publicized lists. This paper uses event study methodology to test the existence of media effect in China A-share market. The authors employed propensity score matching (PSM) to construct a control group with same number of non-listed stocks. Then compared the returns of the two portfolios to test the risk premium hypothesis, and the abnormal trading volume and price reaction around the event date is explored to test the over-attention underperformance hypothesis.

Findings

– Sampled stocks show significantly negative abnormal returns within the event period, but the matched control group formed by PSM shows no significant abnormal return, indicating that the risk premium hypothesis is not supported. Covered stocks show significantly magnified trading volume. The portfolio gains significant positive return before the event date but turns significantly negative afterward, which is consistent with the over-attention underperformance hypothesis.

Originality/value

– This paper offers insights into media-effect in China stock market and provides empirical evidence explaining its existence.