bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Progress in the environmental risk assessment of plant protection products in Brazil: An overview of birds and mammals and soil organisms proposals
Authors: Cione Ana Paola , Santos Gustavo Souza , Casallanovo Fábio
Published: July 2024

Since 2019, the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) has actively developed pesticide environmental risk assessment (ERA) frameworks adapted to Brazil's specific ecological contexts. This initiative, supported by funding from the Brazilian Ministry of Justice and in partnership with academic institutions, has led to a concerted effort to establish ERA protocols for various taxa, including birds and mammals, soil organisms, aquatic organisms, and reptiles and amphibians. The outcomes of this initiative were disseminated in two distinct workshops held in February and November of 2023, where the agency showcased its research to the technical-regulatory community. This article synthesizes the proposals for birds and mammals and soil organisms. First, we summarize the agency's proposals for both focal and generic species to be incorporated into the ERA and the methodologies for calculating exposure of these taxa to pesticides through agricultural practices, encompassing seed treatment and foliar applications. On this occasion, IBAMA also disclosed the risk assessment tool that the agency is developing for birds and mammals. IBAMA highlighted the knowledge gaps that must be bridged to progress from preliminary (lower-tier) to more comprehensive (higher-tier) assessments. Regarding soil organisms, during the workshop, the presenters shared findings on the most prevalent species of earthworms and enchytraeids in Brazil. They emphasized the need for additional data collection on a regional scale. The agency has also proposed methods for estimating soil organism exposure to pesticides at a screening level and identified specific data gaps that could be addressed to refine assessments at higher tiers. In summary, the workshop communicated the progress in establishing ERA guidelines, which we encapsulate here to benefit the technical-regulatory community. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1793–1799. © 2024 The Author(s). Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

Key Points

This brief communication summarizes the key messages conveyed at the workshop organized by the Brazilian Environmental Regulatory Agency (IBAMA) on ERA frameworks for birds and mammals in Brazil. This brief communication summarizes the key messages conveyed at the workshop organized by IBAMA on ERA frameworks for soil organisms in Brazil. The information summarized in this brief communication is a part of a very important shift in the Brazilian regulatory paradigm and may serve as a reference to the technical-regulatory community, not only in Brazil but in Latin America as well. This brief communication may be very useful to the technical-regulatory community in other regions (e.g., USA and Europe) by helping them to follow up on the regulatory changes in Brazil.
Mueller matrix polarimetry approach for noninvasive glucose sensing with absorbance and anisotropic parameters on fingertips
Authors: Huang Po‐Ling , Lo Yu‐Lung , Chen Yu‐Ren , Liu Chih‐Yi
Published: July 2024

A Mueller matrix polarimetry system at 532 nm wavelength is developed for noninvasive glucose sensing in turbid media such as human's fingertip. The system extracts mean absorbance and anisotropic properties, demonstrated numerically and experimentally with phantom glucose samples. It is found that mean absorbance (), depolarization index (Δ), and linear dichroism (LD) show linear variation with glucose concentration 100–500 mg/dL. In addition, LightTools simulations indicate proportional scaling of scattering effects with , Δ, and LD. Real‐world tests on fingertip show a strong correlation between these properties and blood glucose levels with a mean absolute relative deviation (MARD) of 12.56% and a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.875 in prediction by a neural network (NN) model, highlighting the advantages of Mueller matrix in extracting more parameters related to blood glucose.
Harvesting surface (interfacial) energy for tribocatalytic degradation of hazardous dye pollutants using nanostructured materials: A review
Authors: Emmanuel Stephen Sunday , Adesibikan Ademidun Adeola
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Tribocatalysis, an emerging cutting‐edge technique that uses frictional mechanical energy to activate the catalytic operation of a reaction or material including nanomaterials has garnered the interest of the research community in recent times.

Aim

This study aimed to critically review original research works directed toward tribocatalytic degradation of various hazardous dye pollutants. Notably, in this review, various nanomaterials and their composites with outstanding tailored degradation profiles are explored for their tribocatalytic degradation efficiency for various dye pollutants. In addition, the effect of various operating factors that are of importance to engineers, industries, and investors for optimization purposes was pragmatically discussed. Also, the effect of electron trapping and radical scavengers alongside the mechanism of tribocatalytic degradation was empirically analyzed.

Results

From this work, it was found that the maximum tribocatalytic degradation efficiency was >80% in most cases at an optimum temperature of 20–40°C, time taken of 0.5‐48 hours, and stirring speed of 500‐1000rmp. It was discovered that magnetic stirring enhances the production of •OH, O2•, and h+ by the nanomaterials that are mechanistically responsible for the degradation of the dye pollutants. Also, it was revealed that expended tribocatalyst can be eluted mostly using H2O and can be reused up to 3–10 times while still sustaining degradation efficiency of >80% in most cases and this suggests the industrial scalability and eco‐friendliness potential of this approach.

Conclusion

In the end, challenges and research gaps that can pave the way for method improvement and also serve as future research hotspots for researchers were presented.
Explicit discrimination among Brazilian dental students: A multicenter study
Authors: Lopes‐Silva Jhonathan , Paiva Saul Martins , Oliveira Patricia Alves Drummond , Bendo Cristiane Baccin
Published: July 2024

Objective

To test the association between socioeconomic and sociodemographic status of Brazilian dental students with discriminatory experiences suffered by them.

Methods

This multicenter cross‐sectional study was conducted with 531 undergraduate dental students from four different Brazilian states. The Explicit Discrimination Scale (EDS) was used to measure the experience of discrimination in several daily situations. A questionnaire about sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics, form of admission, and permanence in dental schools was developed and validated by experts and six dental students through cognitive interviews. The EDS and questionnaire were sent to students by an online platform using snowball sampling. Descriptive analysis, bivariate tests, and multiple Poisson regression were performed.

Results

Among the participants, most were female, white, heterosexual, and cisgender. The mean EDS total score was higher among those students who used Brazilian Affirmative Actions for higher education access and permanence (p < 0.005). The multiple analysis indicated that students who were black (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.484; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.291–1.705), women (PR = 1.227; 95%CI: 1.030–1.462), had lower monthly income (PR = 1.212; 95%CI: 1.043–1.409) and were lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer, pansexual, and plus (LGBTQIAP+) (PR = 1.466; 95%CI: 1.238–1.735) showed a higher probability of discriminatory experiences when compared to white, male and heterosexual students with higher monthly income.

Conclusion

There is a racial and social class pattern among dental students. The exclusionary factors such as black race, female gender, lower monthly income and being LGBTQIAP+ make students more vulnerable to discriminatory experiences.
Revolution in diet therapy for inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Melton Sarah L. , Day Alice S. , Bryant Robert V. , Halmos Emma P.
Published: July 2024

Until recently, diet as a therapeutic tool to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been proven effective. Nearly a century in the making we are in the grips of a revolution in diet therapies for IBD, driven by emerging data revealing diet as a key environmental factor associated with IBD susceptibility, and observational studies suggesting that dietary intake may play a role in the disease course of established IBD. This review summarizes the current evidence for diets trialed as induction and maintenance therapy for IBD. For Crohn's disease, exclusive enteral nutrition and the Crohn's disease exclusion diet with partial enteral nutrition are supported by emerging high‐quality evidence as induction therapy, but are short‐term approaches that are not feasible for prolonged use. Data on diet as maintenance therapy for Crohn's disease are conflicting, with some studies supporting fortification, and others suppression, of certain food components. For ulcerative colitis, data are not as robust for diet as induction and maintenance therapy; however, consistent themes are emerging, suggesting benefits for diets that are plant‐based, high in fiber and low in animal protein. Further studies for both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are eagerly awaited, which will allow specific recommendations to be made. Until this time, recommendations default to population based healthy eating guidelines.
Investigating the role of killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors and human leukocyte antigen genetic variants in hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Li Yuwen , Zeng Tian , Huang Peng , Tan Weilong , Feng Yue , Xia Xueshan , Feng Zepei , Shen Chao , Fan Haozhi , Zhu Chuanlong , Yin Wen , Qian Liqin , Ren Chengrui , Yue Ming
Published: July 2024

The genetic diversity of killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes influences the host's immune response to viral pathogens. This study aims to explore the impact of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) inKIR3DL2andHLA‐Agenes on hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. A total of 2251 individuals were included in the case‐control study. SNPs includingKIR3DL2rs11672983, rs3745902, rs1654644, andHLA‐Ars3869062, rs12202296 were genotyped. By controlling various confounding factors using a modified logistic regression model, as well as incorporating stratified analysis, joint effects analysis, and multidimensional bioinformatics analysis, we analyzed the relationship between SNPs and HCV infection. The logistic regression analysis showed a correlation betweenKIR3DL2rs11672983 AA,KIR3DL2rs3745902 TT, and increased HCV susceptibility (p < 0.01). Stratified analysis indicated thatKIR3DL2rs1654644 andHLA‐Ars3869062 also heightened HCV susceptibility in certain subgroups. A linear trend of rising HCV infection rates was observed when combiningKIR3DL2rs11672983 AA andKIR3DL2rs3745902 TT (ptrend = 0.007). Bioinformatics analysis suggested these SNPs' regulatory potential and their role in altering messenger RNA secondary structure, implying their functional relevance in HCV susceptibility. Our findings indicate thatKIR3DL2rs11672983 AA andKIR3DL2rs3745902 TT are significantly associated with increased susceptibility to HCV infection.
Development and Testing of the Cyber Malevolent Creativity Behavior Scale
Authors: Liu Chenxi , Li Leqi , Gong Zhe
Published: July 2024

In the current research, we developed and tested a Cyber Malevolent Creativity Behavior Scale (CMCBS), which contains 11 items in three dimensions and aims to measure the degree of individuals' cyber malevolent creativity through malevolent creative behaviors in their lives. The results revealed satisfactory reliability with Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.749 for the overall scale. Specifically, the calculated values were 0.681 for cybershaming, 0.799 for technology abuse, and 0.644 for information manipulation. Data were collected utilizing an online survey (N = 988) in the form of a questionnaire. Using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, the questionnaire's latent structure and contribution of relevant correlates for explaining cyber malevolent creativity were examined. The CMCBS was significantly and positively correlated with the Malevolent Creativity Behavior Scale, Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and the Cyberbullying Inventory. This, along with the adequate psychometric properties uncovered here, indicates that it is a useful tool for research on cyber malevolent creativity.
Walking the line between fidelity and flexibility: A conceptual review of personalized approaches to manualized treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Galovski Tara E. , Nixon Reginald D. V. , Kehle‐Forbes Shannon
Published: July 2024

The heterogeneity of the core symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), high rates of comorbid mental and physical health conditions, and substantial impact of the disorder on functioning and well‐being contribute to complex clinical presentations that can be challenging to treat. Despite these challenges, there are excellent manualized treatments for PTSD with significant empirical support. Although the success of frontline treatments for PTSD is evident, there remains room for improvement as indicated by suboptimal response and attrition rates. To address challenges to optimal therapy outcomes (COTOs), researchers have conducted numerous clinical trials designed to (a) enhance the core structure of treatment protocols to increase flexibility or (b) expand the protocols to address comorbid conditions that inhibit recovery. However, it is implausible to ever conduct the number of enhancement and expansion clinical trials necessary to test manual modifications for the universe of possible COTOs. This conceptual review describes the concept of a personalized model of therapy that leverages a case formulation approach to implementing an evidence‐based treatment for PTSD. This personalized approach provides guidance for the clinician in assessing the patient's COTOs, monitoring them throughout treatment, and relying on the patient's idiosyncratic data to inform treatment decisions, including how and when to diverge from treatment when clinically indicated and ensuring a clear path to return to trauma‐focused work when the COTO is stabilized. This personalized, case formulation approach to treating PTSD provides guidance for adopting a more flexible approach to treating clinically complex patients while ensuring fidelity to the protocol.
Validation of the IOTA ADNEX Model Among Japanese Women Performed by Gynecology Trainees and Ultrasound Specialists
Authors: Kadooka Mizuho , Suemitsu Tokumasa , Ashimoto Kensuke , Takesawa Ami , Matsui Hiroki , Otsuka Isao , Tajima Atsushi
Published: July 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to validate the diagnostic accuracy of the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) Assessment of Different NEoplasias in the adneXa (ADNEX) model in Japanese women, population with a distinct adnexal mass distribution compared with European women, and to evaluate the model's utility by gynecology trainees and ultrasound specialists.

Methods

This single‐center, retrospective study analyzed ultrasound data from January 2017 to March 2020 of 206 women with adnexal masses. Patients who underwent ultrasonography and serum CA‐125 measurement and received postsurgery histological diagnosis were included. The ADNEX model's diagnostic performance was evaluated by two trainees and two specialists using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and measures of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for overall performance and each examiner.

Results

Of the 206 included Japanese women, the prevalence of malignancy was 30.1%, including borderline cases. The overall AUC for distinguishing malignancy was 0.848 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.817–0.880). The AUC for each examiner ranged from 0.791 to 0.898, with Specialist 2 showing the highest accuracy and sensitivity varying between 0.677 and 0.839. A moderate degree of agreement was noted among the four examiners (Fleiss' kappa was 0.586). The performance of trainees and specialists differed significantly in evaluating the solid tissue and the papillary projections in both malignant and benign groups (P < .001).

Conclusions

The IOTA ADNEX model effectively differentiates benign and malignant adnexal masses in Japanese women. Although the accuracy matched up moderately among the four examiners, better accuracy is expected with training in evaluating solid tissue and papillary projections.
Disease severity in moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis: Results from the Belgian REDISCOVER study
Authors: Hillary Tom , Ghys Liesbeth F. E. , Willaert Fabienne , Swimberghe Sandra , Lecuyer Myriam , Ghislain Pierre‐Dominique , Morrens Joachim , Lambert Jo
Published: July 2024

Background

In the Belgian DISCOVER study, conducted in 2011–2012 before the advent of the IL‐17 and IL‐23 Inhibitors, significant undertreatment of patients with plaque psoriasis was reported.

Objectives

The present study aimed to re‐evaluate the real‐world clinical management and quality of care of moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis patients treated with systemic treatment for at least 24 weeks in clinical practice in Belgium.

Methods

This cross‐sectional and retrospective chart review (REDISCOVER) was conducted in 2021–2022 in private practices and hospitals in Belgium. Patient data were collected during one single visit and included assessments of psoriasis severity (Psoriasis Area Severity Index [PASI], Body Surface Area [BSA], Pruritus VAS scale) and Health‐Related Quality of Life (Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI]) and other selected criteria of the Belgian treat‐to‐target (T2T) outcome set.

Results

Of the 306 patients included in the study, 81.4% received treatment with biologicals and 18.6% with traditional systemics, that is, methotrexate or apremilast. IL‐23 Inhibitors (33.7%) and methotrexate (10.8%) were the most prescribed biologicals and traditional systemic, respectively. Between the time of treatment initiation and enrolment, the average PASI and BSA scores decreased, indicating treatment benefits. PASI scores were lower in patients treated with biologicals versus patients treated with traditional systemics. Full achievement of the two Belgian T2T guidelines dimensions was observed in 51% of the patients. Nonetheless, patients were generally satisfied with their treatment (96.1%) and physicians evaluated the treatment as adequate for most patients (87.3%).

Conclusions

Compared to 10 years ago, a demonstrable improvement in care of moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis patients was observed in Belgium. This was reflected by substantial achievement of the current treatment goals and high treatment satisfaction by both patients and physicians. While one out of five patients is not achieving targeted goals, and is not treated with a biological, it seems there is still room for improvement.
Hydrogen production from aqueous‐phase reforming of glycerol, sorbitol, and glycine over Pt/Al2O3catalyst in a fixed‐bed reactor
Authors: Kalekar Vinayak N. , Vaidya Prakash D.
Published: July 2024

Aqueous‐phase reforming (APR) is an interesting technique for generating hydrogen (H2) from biofeeds. In this work, APR of model compounds of wet biomass for H2production was investigated. Glycerol, sorbitol, and glycine were the chosen model compounds. They represent polyols and amino acids in wet biomass such as waste sludge and microalgal biomass. The Pt/Al2O3catalyst was preferred and it was characterized using nitrogen adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. APR trials were performed in a continuous fixed‐bed reactor. The reaction conditions chosen for this work were: temperature (T) 453–498 K, pressure (P) 1.2–2.4 MPa, feed concentration 5–15 wt%, and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) 0.15–0.6 g reactant/(g catalyst h). The best conditions for H2production by the APR process were found to beT = 498 K,P = 2.4 MPa, and feed concentration = 15 wt%. Among the chosen model compounds, glycerol exhibited the highest H2selectivity (82.7%) and H2yield (21.6%) at 498 K. The analysis of kinetic data suggested first‐order reaction kinetics for all the model compounds. The values of activation energy for the reactions with glycerol (55.4 kJ/mol), sorbitol (51.6 kJ/mol), and glycine (45.7 kJ/mol) were determined. Thus, APR is a promising route for effectively producing H2‐bearing gaseous products with high heating value from wet biomass.
Targeted Chemoprofiling and Bioactivity Screening of Willow Bark
Authors: Antoniadou Kyriaki , Hofmann Thomas F.
Published: July 2024

The chemoprofile of willow bark (Salix cortex) for pharmaceutical use was investigated using a combination of in vitro bioassays and analytical techniques. Salicylates were isolated by means of (semi‐)preparative HPLC, and their structure was elucidated by means of LC‐MS and 1D/2D‐NMR experiments. Bioactivity assays identified key compounds of selected Salix extracts contributing to the overall anti‐inflammatory potential. Finally, these phytochemicals were mapped quantitatively by means of LC‐MS/MS.
Covalent Heteroepitaxy of Large‐Area Vertical Hexagonal Boron Nitride for High‐Temperature VUV Photodetectors
Authors: Chen Le , Ma Haoran , Liu Caiyun , Wang Deyu , Han Zhongyuan , Tai Jiajin , Liang Hongwei , Yin Hong
Published: July 2024

Hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) is a van der Waals (vdW) ultrawide bandgap semiconductor with high band‐edge absorption coefficient and chemical/thermal resistance, demonstrating great potential for vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and UV‐C detection. Hitherto, most of their prevailing applications have exploited epitaxial films and multilayers either grown on substrates or transferred, which tend to form energy‐favorable noncovalent vdW epitaxy. Here, an alternative heteroepitaxy of 2‐inch h‐BN is reported with desirable thickness and vertically aligned vdW layers covalently bonded to sapphire, enabled by activating the inert substrate surface using ion impingement during deposition and the dislocation‐mediated epitaxial transition. The fabricated photodetectors allow efficient photon absorption and carrier collection using a simple planar device design, showing excellent VUV/UV‐C detection performance with ultrafast response of 270 ns/60 µs (rise/decay) and remarkable operating stability until 500 °C. This covalent heteroepitaxy of wafer‐scale h‐BN opens new avenues for optoelectronics and electronics significant to harsh environment applications.
Vanillin‐Based Photocurable Anticorrosion Coatings Reinforced with Nanoclays
Authors: Noè Camilla , Iannucci Leonardo , Malburet Samuel , Graillot Alain , Grassini Sabrina
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the chemical–physical properties and anticorrosion effectiveness of UV‐cured coatings produced using epoxidized vanillin (DGEVA) as biobased precursor, then reinforced by the addition of nanoclay. After optimizing the UV‐curing parameters of three different formulations by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the thermo‐mechanical properties of the coatings are assessed by differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC), dynamic thermal mechanical analysis (DTMA), and pencil hardness. The coatings are applied on mild steel substrates and then their barrier properties are investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, immersing the samples in 3.5 wt% NaCl aerated solutions. The results show the good corrosion protective effectiveness of the biobased coatings. The nanoclay addition has a beneficial effect, as it hinders the diffusion of the aggressive ions from the electrolyte solution to the metal substrate. The reported findings demonstrate the possibility of using biobased precursors and UV‐curing technology to reduce the environmental impact of the coating industry.
Social sharing and expressive suppression in major depressive disorder and borderline personality disorder: An experience sampling study
Authors: Verhees Martine W. F. T. , Ceulemans Eva , Sels Laura , Dejonckheere Egon , Houben Marlies , Kuppens Peter
Published: July 2024

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are characterized by disturbed patterns of emotional and interpersonal functioning, which might imply altered use of emotion regulation in interpersonal contexts. In the current study, we examined how individuals with MDD and/or BPD differ from healthy controls in (1) their overall daily life use of expressive suppression and social sharing and (2) their tendency to adjust the use of these strategies to the emotional context (i.e., preceding negative and positive affect). Thirty‐four individuals with MDD, 20 individuals with BPD, 19 individuals with comorbid MDD and BPD, and 40 healthy controls participated in a week of experience sampling during which they reported their use of expressive suppression, social sharing, and experienced negative and positive affect. The results indicated that all clinical groups reported more expressive suppression and social sharing in their daily lives than healthy controls. Group differences remained when controlling for differences in mean experienced affect, except for increased suppression for MDD and increased sharing for BPD and comorbid MDD and BPD, which seemed related to these participants' overall higher levels of negative affect. Additionally, associations between within‐person fluctuations in negative or positive affect and subsequent strategy use were equally strong for clinical and control participants, indicating that clinical groups did not differentially adjust the use of suppression and sharing to the emotional context. In conclusion, individuals with MDD and/or BPD showed increased use of suppression and sharing in daily life, which might contribute to, or follow from their emotional and interpersonal difficulties.
Production of Biodiesel from Crude Pittosporum resiniferum Oil Using Heterogeneous Solid Base Catalyst
Authors: Kipkoech Rogers , Takase Mohammed
Published: July 2024

Pittosporum resiniferum oil was extracted from the seed and the oil together with methanol was use for the production of biodiesel through transesterification process using novel solid base catalyst (K2CO3 supported on MgO). 0.6:5 (K2CO3 loaded on MgO), a 5 h calcination time, 600°C calcination temperatures were the optimum conditions under which the catalyst was prepared. FTIR, SEM, CO2‐TPD, XRD, N2 adsorption‐desorption, Hammett indicators and other techniques were used to characterize the catalyst. The molar ratio of methanol‐to‐oil, the catalyst amount, time of the reaction as well as the temperature of the reaction were examined. The study found that 16:1 methanol‐to‐oil molar ratio, 5% catalyst loading amount, a reaction time of 2.0 h, and a reaction temperature of 60°C were sufficient for a maximum yield of 97.4%. With relative high activity, the catalyst can perhaps be used again possibly for five times. The characteristics of the biodiesel produced were consistent with international standards.
The meaning of health to persons aging with longstanding multiple sclerosis
Authors: Stuifbergen Alexa K. , Becker Heather , Kim Nani
Published: July 2024

Understanding how persons aging with a chronic condition view their health is essential for planning and delivering person‐centered care. The purpose of this study was to explore how persons aging with the chronic and disabling condition multiple sclerosis (MS) describe their health and how this has changed over time using data from Years 1 to 26 of an ongoing longitudinal survey study of health promotion and quality of life for persons with MS. The survey included measures of perceived meaning of health, self‐rated health, health behaviors and quality of life outcomes. The sample included 168 persons with MS who returned the survey at Time 1 (1996) and again at Time 26 (2022). In 2022, participants had a mean age of 70.13 (SD = 8.19) and had been diagnosed with MS for an average of 34.47 years (SD = 6.27). Sixty percent of participants rated their overall health as good or excellent. Decreases in health self‐ratings over time were not significant. Participants consistently agreed more strongly with items reflecting a wellness‐oriented view of health than those reflecting a more clinical/biomedical model. At both time points, clinical definitions of health were negatively related and wellness definitions were positively related to reported frequency of health behaviors. Findings suggest that persons aging with the chronic condition of MS may be more responsive to health messages that emphasize function in daily living, carrying out normal responsibilities, and adjusting to changes in environment and demands. Patient or Public Contribution: Persons with MS provided study data, input on design, and construct measurement.
Taste sensitivities mediate differential snack choices across BMI groups: a study with New Zealand young male individuals
Authors: Abeywickrema Sashie , Ginieis Rachel , Peng Mei
Published: July 2024

Objective

This study aimed to: 1) test for the link between snack choices and BMI using a novel sensory‐based classification method; and 2) elucidate the role of gustatory sensitivity in orienting snack choices.

Methods

The study employed a dual approach involving sensory and nutritional assessments. Ninety‐eight European male individuals were tested for gustatory sensitivities to sweetness, saltiness, umami, and lipid perception. Participant food intake was measured over 4 days. A separate cohort of 327 participants categorized the recorded snacks based on taste patterns, enabling profiling of snack choices across body‐weight groups.

Results

Results showed clear differentiations in snack choices across the BMI groups: Individuals with a higher BMI consumed more "Sweet" and "Sweet+Fat" snacks and less "Savory" snacks compared with the lower‐BMI group (p < 0.05). Mediation analyses confirmed a significant effect of gustatory sensitivity, showing that the greater choice for "Sweet" and "Sweet+Fat" snacks among those with a higher BMI was mediated by sensitivities to sweetness and lipid perception (p = 0.008–0.044).

Conclusions

Our study revealed that gustatory sensitivity can mediate the relationship between BMI and energy consumption from different snacks. These findings highlight the significance of taste perception in shaping snack choice, suggesting potential strategies for interventions aimed at addressing gustatory sensitivity to promote healthier dietary preferences.
Quantifying dilated perivascular spaces in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Karkoska Kristine A. , Gollamudi Jahnavi , Sawyer Russell P. , Woo Daniel , Hyacinth Hyacinth I.
Published: July 2024

Sickle cell disease (SCD)‐related neurological effects are particularly devastating. Dilated perivascular spaces (dPVS) are a well‐described component of cerebral small vessel disease in older adults without SCD. However, the burden and association of dPVS with neurological complications in children with SCD have not been described. In this study, we used the international consensus criteria to quantify dPVS in the centrum semiovale and basal ganglia in T2‐weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) of children with SCD who were randomized as part of the Silent Cerebral Infarct Transfusion (SIT) trial. We examined the relationship between global and/or regional dPVS burden and presence or area of silent cerebral infarctions, hematological measures, demographic variables, and full‐scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) scores. The study included 156 SIT trial participants who had pre‐randomization and study exit MRI. Their median age was 9.6 (5–15) years, 39% were female, and 94 (60%) participants had a high dPVS burden. Participants randomized to the blood transfusion arm and who had a high dPVS burden at baseline had a moderate decline in dPVS score over 36 months compared to no change in the observation group. On multivariable logistic regression, intelligence quotient was not associated with dPVS burden. Children with SCD included in the SIT trial have a high burden of dPVS compared to children without SCD. However, dPVS do not appear to have the same pathophysiology of silent cerebral infarcts. Further study is needed to determine both their etiology and clinical relevance.
Altering the percolation threshold of PA66‐copper hybrid in an electroless copper deposition process by surface activation of the polymer
Authors: Gleissner Carolin , Biermaier Christian , Bechtold Thomas , Pham Tung
Published: July 2024

In this study, the impact of three different principles of surface activation techniques for polyamide fibers on the formation of conductive percolation during the subsequent electroless copper deposition process was investigated. The techniques used are (1) polyamide complexation using a solution mixture of calcium chloride, ethanol and water, (2) atmospheric plasma surface treatment and (3) grafting of 2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate by radical induced polymerization. As a result, the percolation threshold was shifted to lower copper contents. The copper content required to form conductive structures was reduced ranged between 59% and 89%, depending on the activation techniques. Furthermore, the deposition time was reduced by 37%–57%, resulting in a faster build‐up of the percolation on the fabric. Changes in wetting behavior and substrate surface topography were identified to be the main reasons for these observations. While all applied surface activation techniques led to higher copper contents compared to unmodified reference, the atmospheric plasma modification led to the highest copper contents during the deposition process and a more uniform appearance of the metallised layer.

Highlights

Three different fiber surface activation methods are evaluated.

Fiber surface activation increases wetting and polymer‐metal adhesion.

Activated polymer surface leads to faster copper deposition and percolation.

Atmospheric plasma modification is the most efficient technique.
Effect of hybrid filler comprising cryptocrystalline graphite and multi‐wall carbon nanotubes on the mechanical and conductive properties of styrene butadiene rubber
Authors: Zhang Hao , Yang Yongjie , Zhang Kenan , Ji Leibo , Hua Zhen , Cao Wei , Sun Junmin , Liu Qinfu
Published: July 2024

Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composites reinforced by cryptocrystalline graphite (CG) and multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared. The SBR composite with 50 phr CG content displays superior mechanical reinforcement achieving 20.7 MPa in tensile strength. However, the electrical conductivity enhancement is modest. After incorporating MWCNTs as a secondary filler, the electrical conductivity significantly improved. The results show that the electrical conductivity of the SBR composite reinforced with 10 phr of CG and an additional 5 phr of MWCNTs surpasses that achieved by using 50 phr of CG solely. This enhancement can be attributed to the inherent excellent electric conductivity and high aspect ratio of MWCNTs, with their presence also preventing the re‐agglomeration of CG. Furthermore, within 10–40 phr content of CG, the mechanical reinforcement of CG‐SBR composites is enhanced with the addition of MWCNTs, whereas a minor decline in tensile strength is noted when the concentration of CG above 40 phr. Overall, the SBR composite reinforced with a synergistic combination of CG and MWCNTs is achieved, demonstrating both exceptional mechanical and conductive properties.

Highlights

Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composites with different cryptocrystalline graphite (CG) phr and additional multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were characterized.

CG‐SBR displays good mechanical property but limited electrical conductivity.

Proper ratio of CG/MWCNTs significantly enhances various properties.

MWCNTs act as a “bridge” structure connecting isolated CG filler in SBR matrix.

MWCNTs network effectively prevents the re‐agglomeration of CG nanosheets.
Psychological treatments for mental health symptoms associated with COVID‐19 infection: A scoping review
Authors: Sugita So , Hata Kotone , Kodaiarasu Krandhasi , Takamatsu Naoki , Kimura Kentaro , Miller Christian , Gonzalez Lecsy , Umemoto Ikue , Murayama Keitaro , Nakao Tomohiro , Kito Shinsuke , Ito Masaya , Kuga Hironori
Published: July 2024

The aim of this scoping review was to synthesize published studies and ongoing clinical trials of psychological interventions for mental health problems associated with COVID‐19 infection. The study protocol was developed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews. We conducted systematic searches for studies published or registered between January 2020 and October 2022 using eight scientific databases and clinical trial registries, which identified 40 complete published studies and 53 ongoing clinical trials. We found that most studies were randomized controlled trials (74%) while the remaining used study designs of lower methodological quality. Most studies investigated interventions for acute COVID‐19 patients (74%) and others explored post‐COVID conditions (PCC) or recovered patients. Cognitive and behavioral therapies were the main intervention approaches (31%), followed by multidisciplinary programs (21%) and mindfulness (17%). The most frequently evaluated outcomes were anxiety (33%), depression (26%), quality of life (13%), and insomnia (10%). No studies on youths, older people, or marginalized communities were found. These findings summarize the burgeoning research on a range of psychological interventions for individuals infected with COVID‐19. However, the field is in its infancy and further research to develop an evidence base for targeted care is necessary. The gaps identified in the current study also highlight the need for more research on youths, older people, and members of marginalized communities, and PCC patients. It is important to ascertain interventions and delivery strategies that are not only effective and affordable but also allow high scalability and accessibility.
Introduction to the database “efficacy of different treatment modalities for lower respiratory tract infections in children”
Authors: Deng Yu , Hu Bing , Zou Yingxue , Luo Zhengxiu , Zhang Guangli , Ma Jinhai , Liu Changshan , Dong Xiaoyan , Zi Huifen , Hao Chuangli , Lin Rongjun , Zheng Xiangrong , Li Bingfei , Chen Fenhua , Fang Mei , Tian Weimin , Zhuo Zhiqiang , Zhao Deyu , Chen Zhimin , Zheng Yuejie , Zheng Jingyang , Yin Yong , Tang Qiuyu , Wu Liqun , Gu Li , Wu Jinzhun , He Liyi , Ai Tao , Wang Ning , Zhang Minjun , Zhang Hailin , Liu Hanmin , Zhang Youxiang , Hong Jianguo , Han Zhiying , Mo Yunbo , Qiao Hongmei , Tian Zhiliang , Li Zengni , Lu Quan , Liu Enmei
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to establish a registry database of different treatment modalities for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in Chinese children, thereby filling gaps in knowledge on clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and rational drug use in relation to LRTIs in Chinese children, and providing large amounts of continuous, complete, scientific, and objective clinical data, and an information exchange platform. Multicenter data from these children's clinical visits were collected, pooled, and analyzed using medical informatics and statistical techniques to explore their potential value. The database was preliminarily established and a real‐world study cohort was constructed based on a total of 4805 patients registered in this database. Pneumonia was identified as the most common type of LRTIs (72.44%), followed by acute bronchitis (20.71%). The mean age of the enrolled children with LRTIs was 3.26 ± 2.84 years, and boys accounted for 59.21% of the samples. Among the enrolled children, pneumonia and acute bronchitis had the highest incidence in children aged 1–3 years (27.44%) and those aged 3–6 years (34.16%), respectively. In this national, multicenter, observational database of LRTIs in children, the real‐world characteristics and treatment modalities for LRTIs in Chinese children are elucidated. This database will help improve the research efficiency of clinicians and facilitate the exploration of underlying clinical patterns in real‐world medical big data.
Registration of high‐yielding, high‐protein soybean germplasm USDA‐N7007 derived from wild soybean PI 366122
Authors: Fallen Benjamin , Robertson Marta , Taliercio Earl , Mian M. A. Rouf , Carter Thomas E.
Published: July 2024

USDA‐N7007 is a non‐GM, maturity group (MG) VII soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (Reg. no. GP‐529, PI 705147) germplasm released by the USDA Agricultural Research Service in conjunction with the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service in December of 2023. USDA‐N7007 is a high‐yielding, high‐protein germplasm derived from wild soybean (Glycine soja Siebold & Zucc; PI 366122) and small‐seeded MG VII USDA cultivar N7103. Over 47 combined testing environments of the USDA Southern Uniform and USB Protein Diversity Tests (2018–2021), USDA‐N7007 yielded 98% of the check mean and 102% of the test mean. The average protein content of USDA‐N7007 was significantly higher (432 g kg−1) than the average check means of 402 g kg−1 and 413 g kg−1 in the USDA Southern Uniform and USB Protein Diversity Tests, respectively. Across both tests (2019–2021), the release was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in protein (+7 g kg−1), with 9% higher seed yield (+242 kg ha−1) than the recurrent parent N7103. USDA‐N7007 is resistant to lodging, southern root‐knot nematode, and stem canker. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first US release clearly demonstrating that the wild soybean genome can be incorporated into an elite cultivar to increase seed protein without a negative effect on seed yield. This release is a truly novel and valuable resource for development of future US soybean cultivars because it will be useful to improve both genetic diversity and seed protein simultaneously without a negative effect on seed yield.
Left atrial strain assessment unveils left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in neonates with transient tachypnea of the newborn: A prospective observational study
Authors: Ficial Benjamim , Dolce Pasquale , Petoello Enrico , Flore Alice Iride , Nogara Silvia , Ciarcià Martina , Brancolini Giovanna , Alfarano Angela , Marzollo Roberto , Bosio Ilaria , Raimondi Francesco , Risso Francesco Maria , Beghini Renzo , Dani Carlo , Benfari Giovanni , Ribichini Flavio Luciano , Corsini Iuri
Published: July 2024

Introduction

An inadequate clearance of lung fluid plays a key role in the pathogenesis of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN).

Objectives

To evaluate if left ventricular diastolic dysfunction contributes to reduced clearance of lung fluid in TTN.

Materials and Methods

This was a prospective, observational study. Echocardiography and lung ultrasound were performed at 2, 24 and 48 h of life (HoL) to assess biventricular function and calculate lung ultrasound score (LUS). Left atrial strain reservoir (LASr) provided surrogate measurement of left ventricular diastolic function.

Results

Twenty‐seven neonates with TTN were compared with 27 controls with no difference in gestation (36.1 ± 2 vs. 36.9 ± 2 weeks) or birthweight (2508 ± 667 vs. 2718 ± 590 g). Biventricular systolic function was normal in both groups. LASr was significantly lower in cases at 2 (21.0 ± 2.7 vs. 38.1 ± 4.4; p < 0.01), 24 (25.2 ± 4.5 vs. 40.6 ± 4.0; p < 0.01) and 48 HoL (36.5 ± 5.8 and 41.6 ± 5.2; p < 0.01), resulting in a significant group by time interaction (p < 0.001), after adjusting for LUS and gestational diabetes. A logistic regression model including LUS, birth weight and gestational diabetes as covariates, showed that LASr at 2 HoL was a predictor of respiratory support at 24 HoL, with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.60 (CI 0.36–0.99).

Conclusions

LASr was reduced in neonates with TTN, suggesting diastolic dysfunction, that may contribute to the delay in lung fluid clearance.
Effect of Acceptor Traps in GaN Buffer Layer on Source/Drain Contact Resistance in AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors
Authors: Addagalla Vijaya Nandini Devi , Bhavana Prasannanjaneyulu , Karmalkar Shreepad
Published: July 2024

As‐grown GaN buffer layers have a significant electron concentration, which causes an increase in leakage current and a decrease in the breakdown voltage, VBR, of GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs). To prevent this, deep acceptor traps of density, NAT, are added to the GaN layer during growth. While a study on the effect of NAT on VBR is available in the literature, that on the effect of NAT on contact resistance, Rc, of source/drain contacts is lacking. Herein, the following is established using technology computer‐aided design simulations calibrated with measured current–voltage characteristics of ungated AlGaN/GaN structures: 1) Rc increases significantly with NAT and with the depth of the trap level from the conduction band. For trap level 2.5 eV below the conduction band, Rc doubles for an increase in NAT from 1 × 1016 to 5 × 1017 cm−3. 2) The variation of Rc with temperature is non‐monotonic. Over a temperature range of 300–450 K, Rc is nearly constant with temperature for NAT = 1 × 1016 cm−3 and decreases by 20% for NAT = 5 × 1017 cm−3, when traps are 2.5 eV below the conduction band. Also, the degradation of the transfer and output characteristics of GaN HEMTs due to a notable increase in Rc due to NAT is investigated.
Optimization of the Al Composition of the p‐AlGaN Electron Blocking Layer in GaInN/GaN Multiquantum‐Shell Nanowire LEDs
Authors: Hattori Yuta , Lu Weifang , Inaba Soma , Shima Ayaka , Ii Shiori , Takahashi Mizuki , Yamanaka Yuki , Kubota Kosei , Kamiyama Satoshi , Takeuchi Tetsuya , Iwaya Motoaki
Published: July 2024

The aim is to develop highly efficient GaInN/GaN nanowire (NW)‐based light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), which are composed of GaN NWs and multiquantum shell (MQS) active regions. These regions incorporate the polar c‐plane, nonpolar r‐plane, and semipolar m‐plane. A challenge with MQS‐LEDs is that the current path through the c‐plane MQS tends to dominate under low‐current injection conditions. Given that the MQS on the c‐plane is very defective, this injection current is mainly subjected to nonradiative recombination. Therefore, this study explores various optimizations of the p‐AlGaN electron blocking layers (EBLs) to minimize the current injection into the MQS in the c‐plane region. The samples are subsequently grown using a specific process. This involves n‐GaN NWs, GaInN/GaN‐based quantum shells, p‐AlGaN EBLs with different Al compositions, and p‐GaN shells. All these are developed by metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy on an n‐GaN template featuring a SiO2 hole pattern. NW LEDs are fabricated and subsequently their device characteristics are investigated. Under low‐current injection, the sample with a lower Al composition exhibits higher luminescence intensity. However, this trend reverses when the injection current increases. The findings suggest that AI composition and thickness in the p‐AlGaN EBL significantly affect the output power and the emission wavelength.
Kinetics of Carrier Lifetime Degradation in High‐Temperature 1 MeV Electron‐Irradiated Cz n‐Si Associated with the Formation of Divacancy‐Oxygen Defects
Authors: Kras'ko Mykola , Kolosiuk Andrii , Povarchuk Vasyl , Voitovych Vasyl
Published: July 2024

Kinetics of degradation of the nonequilibrium charge carrier lifetime (τ) in Czochralski‐grown (Cz) n‐Si irradiated with 1 MeV electrons at different temperatures in the range from 20 to 285 °C are experimentally and theoretically investigated. It is established that changes in τ are qualitatively and quantitatively determined by the temperature of electron irradiation. Analysis of experimental data using the Shockley‐Read‐Hall (SRH) theory shows that the formation of recombinationally active divacancy‐oxygen (V2O) and vacancy‐oxygen (VO) complexes is the main mechanism of τ degradation in this experiment.