bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The travel of the ‘tongue’ through time and space: a case study of translanguaging in the Macanese food
Authors: Han Lili , Wen Zhisheng (Edward) , Wu Hui
Published: April 2024

The Proto-Indo-European root of the word ‘language’ isdnghū, which means ‘tongue’. Though the concept of ‘translanguaging’ has received enormous research enthusiasm in recent years in both theoretical conceptualization and pedagogical applications, most research has focused on its prefix ‘trans-ʼ (i.e., the boundary-breaking ideology) and its suffix ‘-ing’ (i.e., the on-going process), while its stem ‘-language-’, that is, the ‘tongue’ itself has received less attention. In the current paper, we aim to explore how translanguaging is enacted in the Macanese food (e.g., Fat Tea, orChá Gordoin Portuguese) through absorbing and mixing multiple flavors or tongues, including Portuguese, Malaysian, Indian, Japanese, Cantonese and some African cuisines. In particular, we highlight their diversifying fusion tastes by tracing the Portuguese maritime expansion itinerary routes alongside their multilingual naming practices (Bacalhau,Minchi,African Chicken) in tandem with the transcending memories (from the past to the present). Overall, it is argued that through the analytical lens of the translanguaging perspective, the tongues between the tastes of the food and the languages spoken allow us to peer into the critical values, identities and relationships of the multilingual Macanese group in Macao.
马来西亚华语中的趋向补语
Authors: 齐 锦玉
Published: April 2024

摘 要

本文基于口语和书面语语料库, 对马来西亚华语中的趋向补语进行考察, 并与普通话对比。 归纳出其三方面的特殊用法, 分别是动趋式带宾语的语序, 特殊结构 “V (O) 来/去O处所” 和 “V到来/去O”, 且这些用法在书面语和口语中呈现出一定的语体差异。 究其原因, 马来西亚华语中趋向补语的特殊用法主要来自马来西亚华人三大 “源方言”, 尤其是粤方言的影响。
Obligation to Mutual Assistance Under Article 42(7) TEU: The Conundrum of Intentional Ambiguity
Authors: Mickonytė Aistė
Published: April 2024

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has had many ramifications beyond the immediate fallout of this egregious act of aggression. The blatancy of such unlawfulness at the EU’s periphery has drawn attention to a somewhat understudied provision, which, however, holds significant relevance given Ukraine’s recently awarded status as an EU candidate: The mutual assistance clause under Art 42(7) TEU. This clause will be examined by exploring its meaning and place in the European security architecture, on its own and in complementarity with Art 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty. It will be argued that both provisions of legally prescribed solidarity bear a curious and uncomfortable semblance to Schrödinger’s cat, capable of appearing as strongly worded, hard-law obligations and as undetermined intentions simultaneously. In particular, both clauses entail intentional normative ambiguity in regard to the forms of assistance to be rendered. Reflecting on how Art 42(7) TEU fits into the EU constitutional framework, it is shown that the mutual assistance clause can be read as capable of holding space for flexible and creative approaches to the legal obligations of the Member States, while as yet falling short of representing an autonomous, EU-based architecture of defence and security.
Privacy and the City: How Data Shapes City Identities
Authors: Petkova Bilyana
Published: April 2024

This article bridges comparative constitutional law with research inspired by city leadership and the opportunities that technology brings to the urban environment. It looks first to some of the causes of rapid urbanization and finds them in the pitfalls of antidiscrimination law in federations and quasi-federations such as the United States and the European Union. Short of achieving antidiscrimination based on nationality, the EU has experimented with data privacy as an identity clause that could bring social cohesion the same way purportedly freedom of speech has done in the US. In the City however, diversity replaces antidiscrimination, making cities attractive to migrants across various walks of life. The consequence for federalism is the obvious decline of top-down or vertical, state-based federalism and the rise of legal urbanism whereby cities establish loose networks of cooperation between themselves. These types of arrangements are not yet a threat to the State or the EU but might become such if cities are increasingly isolated from the political process (e.g., at the EU level) and lack legal means to assert themselves in court. City diversity and openness to different cultures in turn invites a connection to new technologies since unlike antidiscrimination that is usually strictly examined on a case-by-case level, diversity can be more readily computed.  Finally, the article focuses on NYC and London initiatives to suggest a futuristic vision of city networks that instead of using social credit score like in China, deploy data trusts to populate their urban environments, shape city identities and exchange ideas for urban development..
Modelling Bitcoin networks in terms of anonymity and privacy in the metaverse application within Industry 5.0: Comprehensive taxonomy, unsolved issues and suggested solution
Authors: Mohammad Zainab Khalid , Bin Yousif Salman , Bin Yousif Yunus
Published: April 2024

The metaverse, a virtual multiuser environment, has garnered global attention for its potential to offer deeply immersive and participatory experiences. As this technology matures, it is evolving in tandem with emerging innovations such as Web 3.0, Blockchain, nonfungible tokens, and cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, which play pivotal roles in the metaverse economy. Robust Bitcoin networks must be modelled for the metaverse environment in Industry 5.0 platforms to ensure the metaverse’s sustained growth and relevance. Industry 5.0 is poised to experience significant economic expansion, driven in large part by the transformative influence of metaverse technology. Researchers have actively explored diverse strategies and approaches to address the unique challenges and opportunities presented by current Bitcoin networks, highlighting the limitless potential for enhancing anonymity and privacy while navigating this exciting digital frontier. By addressing the diverse anonymity and privacy evaluation attributes, the lack of clarity regarding the prioritisation of these attributes and the variability in data, this modelling approach can be categorised as a form of multiple attribute decision-making (MADM). This review seeks to achieve three main objectives: firstly, to identify research gaps, obstacles, and problems within scholarly literature, which is crucial for assessing and modelling Bitcoin networks to succour the metaverse environment of Industry 5.0; secondly, to pinpoint theoretical gaps, proposed solutions, and benchmarking of Bitcoin networks; and thirdly, to offer an overview of the existing validation and evaluation methods employed in the literature. This review introduced a unique taxonomy by intersecting “Bitcoin networks based on blockchain aspects” with “anonymity and privacy development attributes aspect.” It emphasised the study’s significance and innovation. The results illustrate that employing MADM techniques is highly suitable for modelling Bitcoin networks to support the metaverse within the context of Industry 5.0. This thorough review is an invaluable resource for academics and decision-makers, offering perspectives regarding the improvements, applications, and potential directions for evaluating Bitcoin networks to bolster the metaverse environment of Industry 5.0.
The crystal structure of (Z)-4-ethyl-2-((4-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)-3,5-dimethyl-2H-pyrrol-1-ium 2,2'-spirobi[naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]dioxaborinin]-2-uide, C37H37BN2O4
Authors: Alsuhaibani Amnah Mohammed , Asiri Yazeed M. , Refat Moamen S. , Usman Rabia , Khan Arshad
Published: April 2024

C37H37BN2O4, monoclinic, I2/a (no. 15), a = 13.8030(3) Å, b = 17.6109(2) Å, c = 14.1059(3) Å, β = 117.524(3)°, V = 3040.83(11) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0340, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0867, T = 150 K.
Crystal structure of bis(methylammonium) hexadecaselenidopalladate(II), (CH3NH3)2PdSe16
Authors: Kim Kang-Woo , Noh Jong-Min
Published: April 2024

(CH3NH3)2PdSe16, tetragonal,

P

4
‾

b
2

$P\overline{4}b\mathrm{2}$

(no. 117), a = 12.7821(4) Å, c = 7.1123(2) Å, V = 1162.02(8) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0306, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0841, T = 223 K.
The crystal structure of 1-(4-carboxybutyl)-3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium hexafluoridophosphate, C9H15F6N2O2P
Authors: Mao Zhiwei , Zhang Kehua , Zhou Lian , Zou Wensheng
Published: April 2024

C9H15F6N2O2P, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 8.678(8) Å, b = 9.085(9) Å, c = 10.279(8) Å, α = 84.23(2)∘, β = 79.02(2)∘, γ = 62.103(14)∘, V = 62.10(1) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt
(F) = 0.0730, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1663, T = 296 K.
Magnetized water-based hybrid nanofluid flow over an exponentially stretching sheet with thermal convective and mass flux conditions: HAM solution
Authors: Lone Showkat Ahmad , Raizah Zehba , Saeed Anwar , Bognár Gabriella
Published: April 2024

The boundary-layer flow on a shrinking/contracting sheet has abundant industrial applications, which include continuous glass casting, metal or polymer extrusions, and wire drawing. In this regard, the present analysis focuses the hybrid nanofluid flow on an exponentially extending sheet. The water-based hybrid nanofluid flow contains CoFe2O4 and TiO2 nanoparticles. Heat transfer rate analysis involves the utilization of the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model. Moreover, the Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects are used in this novel work. The mathematical model is presented in the form of system of partial differential equations, which is then transformed into system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using the similarity variables. The system of ODEs is evaluated by homotopy analysis method. The variation in the flow profiles has been investigated using figures and tables. The conclusions demonstrate that the effect of magnetic parameter is 52% better for hybrid nanofluid flow than for the pure water. Conversely, the increasing magnetic parameter diminishes the thermal transfer rates for water, TiO2–H2O, CoFe2O4–H2O, and TiO2–CoFe2O4/H2O. The increasing thermophoresis parameter upsurges the thermal flow rate of nanofluids and hybrid nanofluid, while the increasing Brownian motion parameter lessens the thermal transfer rates of nanofluids and hybrid nanofluid. The increasing effect of thermophoresis parameter is 39% better for hybrid nanofluid than for the base fluid. However, the declining impression of Brownian motion factor is 48% greater for hybrid nanofluid related to pure water.
How do Financial Development and Stability Shape Human Development?
Authors: Awdeh Ali , Assaf Rima , Ghosn Fadi
Published: April 2024

The crucial role of financial systems in sustainable development has become the center of global and national interest and development strategies, and more developed and stable financial systems are the cornerstone for development finance and achieving the sustainable development goals. This research aims to examine the impact of financial development and stability on human development firstly in a sample of 185 countries worldwide, and secondly in a sample of 21 MENA countries, over the period 1990–2019. This study adopts the Panel Data Econometrics (Fixed Effects and Random Effects Methods) and proxy for human development by exploiting the UNDP’s Human Development Index and its three subindices (Education, Income, and Life expectancy), while it adopts broad money, credit to the domestic private sector, and banking sector deposits (all as a percentage of GDP) to proxy for financial development. Moreover, it represents financial stability by the banking sector Z-score and a dummy variable representing crises. The empirical results reveal the prevailing role of development and stability in the financial systems on human development and its three subcomponents, regardless of the country’s economic development level.
‘Reflexemes’ – a first cross-linguistic insight into how and why reflexive constructions encode emotions
Authors: Stephenson Alex , Ponsonnet Maïa , Allassonnière-Tang Marc
Published: April 2024

This article presents the first study on reflexive expressions having lexicalized an emotional meaning, as in the English example enjoy oneself. Such lexicalized forms, which we call ‘reflexemes’, occur in a number of genetically unrelated languages worldwide. Here we interrogate the cross-linguistic distribution and semantics of reflexemes, based on a sample of 58 languages from 6 genetic groups throughout Europe, Australia, and Asia. Reflexemes exhibit uneven distribution in this sample. Despite the presence of reflexemes across all three continents, European languages generally display much larger inventories. Based on our language sample’s contrasts, we hypothesize that these disparities could be driven by: the form of reflexive markers; their semantic range, including colexifications with anticausative constructions; and their longevity, with ancient, cognate European markers fostering accumulation of reflexemes via inheritance and borrowing. As for semantics, reflexemes target comparable emotions across languages. Specifically, categories labelled ‘Good feelings’, ‘Anger’, ‘Worry’, ‘Bad feelings’ and ‘Fear’ are consistently most prevalent. These tendencies apply across our sample, with no sign of family- or continent-specific semantic tendency. The observed semantic distribution may reflect universal lexicalization tendencies not specific to reflexemes, perhaps combined with an emphasis on self-evaluation and other social emotions imparted by reflexive semantics.
Manufacturing and Evaluation of Multimaterial Cylindrical Rolling Bearings by Plasma-Transferred Arc Welding
Authors: Faqiri Yusuf , Saure Felix , Coors Timm , Pape Florian , Hassel Thomas , Poll Gerhard
Published: April 2024

Large-diameter slewing bearings are capable of supporting high loads and moments. They are typically used in applications where there is a need for rotational movements, such as in cranes, excavators, and wind turbines. With plasma-transferred arc (PTA) welding it is possible to apply high-performance materials in localized, stressed component regions. The process chain to produce these multimaterial components is called tailored forming because the welding procedure is followed by a subsequent hot forging process. One choice of material for the higher loaded areas is the commercially used bearing steel AISI 52100, which is characterized by high hardness, good wear, and fatigue resistance. However, AISI 52100 has limited corrosion resistance. As an alternative, this paper presents a modified powder alloy made from a high-alloyed martensitic steel with contents of vanadium and carbon and a high-alloyed ferritic-martensitic steel with a high chromium content. It provides the requested corrosion resistance, as well as high wear and fatigue resistance. At first, cylindrical roller thrust bearing washers type 81212 were produced with the new alloy, which was cladded onto AISI 1015. In further process steps, the welded semifinished component was finished to an axial bearing washer and finally examined in an FE-8 life cycle test regarding its fatigue behavior. After successful testing in the FE-8 test rig, a scale-up to larger components was applied. For this purpose, inner rings of the type NU256, consisting of AISI 1015, were cladded by PTA with the new alloy and examined in terms of material properties. The cladded rings were characterized by means of scanning acoustic microscopy, metallography, spark spectrometry, hardness measurements, and corrosion testing. Our studies proved that the new developed powder alloy has achieved the necessary requirements in terms of bearing fatigue strength, weldability, hardness, and corrosion resistance.
Wear and Contact Fatigue Properties of a Novel Lubricant Additive
Authors: Rivera-Diaz-del Castillo Pedro E. J.
Published: April 2024

Lubrication is generally thought to take place in wet conditions, forming a protective tribofilm as a result of metal-to-metal contact and pressure. A novel lubricant additive (Lofrix Dry, LD) is presented here that shows improved wear resistance, strong tribofilm adhesion to steel surfaces, and a reduced coefficient of friction. LD contains a mix of alkanes and chlorinated paraffins in a range of molecular sizes, and it can be applied as a dry coating and even when surfaces are not in contact. The dry-condition and low-temperature application makes LD a unique choice for simplifying the design of components in mechanical contact. This paper presents an outline of future work to identify the nature, characteristics, and repeatability of Lofrix tribofilm.
Tribology-by-Design for Bearing and Gear Steel Tribology
Authors: Wedeven Lavern D. , Black William F. , Wedeven Graham G. , Reitelbach Eric W. , Patterson Anita F.
Published: April 2024

Advancing bearing and gear steels and their surface tribology attributes for the future requires paying attention to an enormous number of conflicting tribology mechanisms that can journey down separate performance-limiting wear, scuffing, and fatigue pathways during operation. While a rigorous technology readiness level (TRL) approach has been developed to reduce risk, the process is slow, expensive, and not conducive to the challenging high- and low-speed functional requirements for future component contact interfaces. Tribology-by-Design (T/D) is a suite of test and analysis tools, a methodology, a process, and an interface design strategy. T/D enables the engineering design of complex interface interactions to be addressed through tribology design parameters derived from physics-based first principles. The methodology is focused on the targeted interface motion, stress, and temperature (MST) and how they activate, through friction (μ), the interface tribology materials, mechanisms, and manifestations (Tm) during operation. The performance of bearing and gear components is controlled by motion-driven mechanisms that result in a wide range of oil film thicknesses (h). To capture motion-driven mechanisms, the traditional lambda ratio (h/σ) for design is expanded to capture interface fluid hydrodynamic mechanisms (hi) and surface integrity mechanisms (σi). Four T/D tools (surface integrity analysis, component design codes, simulation testing, and a single contact model) are used to design the interface for hi/σi mechanisms. The analysis tools provide a digital twin of the targeted component interface. The contact interface tribology input parameters and output manifestations, defined by MST-μ-Tm, are designed to harmonize the interface ingredients for the functional requirements of the application. T/D is implemented through a TRL 4 pseudo virtual test and analysis process. Innovative solutions, with a rapid response, are achieved through multiple and simultaneous actions within the T/D methodology. The design of a hypoid gear mesh interface for greater efficiency demonstrates how T/D is implemented.
TSG-6–Mediated Extracellular Matrix Modifications Regulate Hypoxic–Ischemic Brain Injury
Authors: Srivastava Taasin , Nguyen Hung , Haden Gage , Diba Parham , Sowa Steven , LaNguyen Norah , Reed-Dustin William , Zhu Wenbin , Gong Xi , Harris Edward N. , Baltan Selva , Back Stephen A.
Published: April 2024

Proteoglycans containing link domains modify the extracellular matrix (ECM) to regulate cellular homeostasis and can also sensitize tissues/organs to injury and stress. Hypoxic–ischemic (H–I) injury disrupts cellular homeostasis by activating inflammation and attenuating regeneration and repair pathways. In the brain, the main component of the ECM is the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid (HA), but whether HA modifications of the ECM regulate cellular homeostasis and response to H–I injury is not known. In this report, employing both male and female mice, we demonstrate that link-domain–containing proteoglycan, TNFα-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6), is active in the brain from birth onward and differentially modifies ECM HA during discrete neurodevelopmental windows. ECM HA modification by TSG-6 enables it to serve as a developmental switch to regulate the activity of the Hippo pathway effector protein, yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), in the maturing brain and in response to H–I injury. Mice that lack TSG-6 expression display dysregulated expression of YAP1 targets, excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1; glutamate–aspartate transporter) and 2 (EAAT2; glutamate transporter-1). Dysregulation of YAP1 activation in TSG-6−/−mice coincides with age- and sex-dependent sensitization of the brain to H–I injury such that 1-week-old neonates display an anti-inflammatory response in contrast to an enhanced proinflammatory injury reaction in 3-month-old adult males but not females. Our findings thus support that a key regulator of age- and sex-dependent H–I injury response in the mouse brain is modulation of the Hippo-YAP1 pathway by TSG-6–dependent ECM modifications.
The Suburban Frontier
Authors: Mercer Claire
Published: April 2024

African cities are under construction. Beyond the urban redevelopment schemes and large-scale infrastructure projects reconfiguring central city skylines, urban residents are putting their resources into finding land and building homes on city edges. The Suburban Frontier examines how self-built housing on the urban periphery has become central to middle-class formation and urban transformation in contemporary Tanzania. Drawing on original research in the city of Dar es Salaam, Claire Mercer details how the “suburban frontier” has become the place where Africa’s middle classes are shaped. As the first book-length analysis of Africa’s suburban middle class, The Suburban Frontier offers significant contributions to the study of urban social change in Africa and urbanization in the Global South.
Assessment of the quality of neural network models based on a multifactorial information criterion
Authors: Fomin Oleksandr O. , Krykun Valentyn A.
Published: April 2024

The paper is devoted to the problem of assessing the quality of machine learning models in the form of neural networks in the presence of several requirements for the quality of intelligent systems. The aim of this paper is to develop a multifactorial information criterion that allows choosing a machine learning model in the form of a neural network that best meets the set of requirements for accuracy and interpretability. This goal is achieved through the development and adaptation of multifactorial information criteria for evaluating models in the form of neural networks and, in a particular case, three-layer time delay neural networks used to identify nonlinear dynamic objects. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the development of multifactorial information criteria for the quality of machine learning models that take into account the accuracy and complexity indicators, which, unlike existing information criteria, are adapted to the evaluation of models in the form of neural networks. The practical usefulness of the work lies in the possibility of automatic selection of the simplest machine learning model that provides suitable accuracy when used in intelligent systems. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the application of the proposed criteria for selecting a machine learning model in the form of a time delay neural network for identifying nonlinear dynamic objects, which allows to increase the accuracy of modeling while ensuring the simplest architecture of the neural network.
From classical dualistic antagonism to hormone synergy: potential of overlapping action of glucagon, insulin and GLP-1 for the treatment of diabesity
Authors: Kistkins Svjatoslavs , Moser Othmar , Ankudovičs Vitālijs , Blizņuks Dmitrijs , Mihailovs Timurs , Lobanovs Sergejs , Sourij Harald , Pfeiffer Andreas F H , Pīrāgs Valdis
Published: April 2024

The increasing prevalence of ‘diabesity’, a combination of type 2 diabetes and obesity, poses a significant global health challenge. Unhealthy lifestyle factors, including poor diet, sedentary behaviour, and high stress levels, combined with genetic and epigenetic factors, contribute to the diabesity epidemic. Diabesity leads to various significant complications such as cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and certain cancers. Incretin-based therapies, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual hormone therapies, have shown promising results in improving glycaemic control and inducing weight loss. However, these therapies also come with certain disadvantages, including potential withdrawal effects. This review aims to provide insights into the cross-interactions of insulin, glucagon, and GLP-1, revealing the complex hormonal dynamics during fasting and postprandial states, impacting glucose homeostasis, energy expenditure, and other metabolic functions. Understanding these hormonal interactions may offer novel hypotheses in the development of ‘anti-diabesity’ treatment strategies. The article also explores the question of the antagonism of insulin and glucagon, providing insights into the potential synergy and hormonal overlaps between these hormones.
Reflexión de los Determinantes Sociales de la Conducta Sexual en Hombres que Tienen Relaciones Sexuales con Hombres
Authors: Valdez-Montero Carolina , Castillo-Arcos Lubia , Olvera Blanco Antonieta , Onofre Rodríguez Dora Julia , Caudillo Ortega Lucía
Published: April 2024

El VIH/Sida se contagia principalmente por las relaciones sexuales sin protección, siendo más vulnerables los hombres que tienen relaciones sexuales con hombres (HSH); existen diversos factores que pueden estar determinando el riesgo a la infección. Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre los determinantes sociales de la conducta sexual de los HSH y cómo éstos pueden ayudar a la comprensión del fenómeno de estudio y mejora del cuidado enfermero. Desarrollo: Primeramente, se señalan los determinantes sociales, identificando las disciplinas en relación a ellos. A su vez, se realiza una jerarquización a nivel macro (género, clase social y educación), meso (cultura, religión, red social, empleo y estrés) y micro (estilos de vida, curso de vida y migración); posteriormente, la construcción de las etiquetas sociales de los HSH; y finalmente, se abordan las intervenciones sociales y de salud necesarias para la disminución de conductas sexuales riesgosas en HSH. Conclusión: La enfermería como profesión tiene por meta brindar el cuidado a todo individuo, independientemente de sus preferencias sexuales o identidades sexuales. Es por ello, que el personal de enfermería debe incursionar en los proyectos de investigación en esta población e incluso, en el diseño o modificación de programas preventivos para reducir riesgo de ITS-VIH/Sida en los HSH.
Improving a Model for NFR Estimation Classifying Equal Size Bands with KNN
Authors: Valdés-Souto Francisco , Valeriano-Assem Jorge , Torres-Robledo Daniel
Published: April 2024

Any software development project needs to estimate Non-Functional Requirements (NFR). Typically, software managers are forced to use expert judgment to estimate the NFR. Today, NFRs cannot be measured, as there is no standardized unit of measurement for them. Consequently, most estimation models focus on the Functional User Requirements (FUR) and do not consider the NFR in the estimation process because these terms are often subjective. The objective of this paper was to show how an NFR estimation model was created using fuzzy logic, and K-Nearest Neighbors classifier algorithm, aiming to consider the subjectivity embedded in NFR terms to solve a specific problem in a Mexican company. The proposed model was developed using a database with real projects from a Mexican company in the private sector.
Programming Language for Teaching Compilation and Transformation Technologies
Authors: Nedoria Aleksei Evgenevitch
Published: April 2024

Teaching students compilation and transformation technologies is in demand. The article discusses the criteria for choosing a programming language for practical work as a target language, gives a brief description of the Trivil language and examines the suitability of this language for using in accordance with these criteria.
Los retos urbano-arquitectónicos en la edificación del Manicomio General, el primero de la modernidad en México (1881-1916)
Authors: Córdoba Flores Consuelo
Published: April 2024

Uno de los importantes progresos de la medicina de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX fueron los estudios sobre el sistema nervioso en relación con las enfermedades mentales. Desde ese nuevo conocimiento no solo se amplió y precisó su clasificación, también se propusieron nuevos tratamientos aplicados en dos modalidades: integrando a los pacientes en la vida cotidiana de una comunidad, o bien, mediante el confinamiento en instituciones de salud mental. En ese contexto, el alienismo y el higienismo se conjugaron para redefinir los cánones para el diseño y gestión de manicomios, organizados con base en el pabellón. El nuevo paradigma se propagó en Europa y permeó en el continente americano, emergiendo variados arquetipos arquitectónicos. Este trabajo versa sobre las vicisitudes experimentadas entre 1881 y 1916 para construir el primer hospital de salud mental moderno de México, conocido popularmente como el Manicomio General La Castañeda. Se analizan las diferentes perspectivas del alienismo norteamericano y del alienismo francés durante la selección del modelo arquitectónico a seguir en el diseño del proyecto, así como los diversos acondicionamientos de la infraestructura sanitaria requeridos para su funcionamiento una vez edificado.
Diseño de panelería prefabricada en bambú para paredes en Costa Rica: caracterización mecánica preliminar
Authors: Sevilla Flores Kendy , Paniagua Hernández Viviana
Published: April 2024

El objetivo de esta investigación fue diseñar un sistema de panelería prefabricada en bambú para paredes, partiendo de los beneficios medioambientales y socioeconómicos que se obtienen con el uso de este material. Para la validación del diseño se analizaron diversos aspectos constructivos, estructurales y socioeconómicos asociados. La metodología elegida consistió en generar matrices comparativas con indicadores, definiendo criterios para evaluar las posibilidades y parámetros de diseño y funcionamiento, valorando las implicaciones de la modulación, las articulaciones, los cerramientos y buscando optimizar la competitividad de la propuesta. Como resultados obtenidos, el sistema de paneles desarrollado es liviano, desarmable, flexible, permite diversas posibilidades de uso, es abierto a la combinación de cerramientos fijos y móviles.  El agrupamiento de paneles a partir de sencillas adaptaciones en sus extremos posibilita distintas configuraciones para generar infraestructura, espacios educativos y de vivienda. Con la caracterización mecánica preliminar, realizada a partir de prototipos a escala construidos con la especie Plyllostachys aurea, se obtuvo resultados positivos que permiten confirmar la competitividad estructural y buen rendimiento del sistema. Se concluye que este trabajo no solo documenta los beneficios asociados a la toma de decisiones en diseño y a las especificaciones para la construcción, sino que se muestra la necesidad de continuar la investigación y desarrollo (I+D) del sistema prefabricado de paneles en bambú.
Novos consumidores e modos de comercialização
Authors: Willig Franciele Taís , Carvalho Claudia Wollmann
Published: April 2024

A pandemia do COVID-19 foi responsável por mudanças na economia, uma vez que o lockdown e o distanciamento social impulsionaram um novo setor econômico: o e-commerce, onde se incluem os aplicativos de delivery. Esse setor já vinha crescendo no Brasil, especialmente entre a Geração Z que também faz parte de um outro grupo, os consumidores 4.0. Para identificar como esse consumidor impacta na utilização dos aplicativos de delivery e sua relação com a Geração Z, foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva com levantamento bibliográfico de documentos publicados entre os anos de 2008 e 2022. As pesquisas realizadas pelo Instituto QualiBest mostraram que em 2018, 81% das pessoas entrevistadas utilizavam aplicativos de delivery, mas, em 2020, o número é de 92% dos entrevistados. Além de que o aplicativo mais utilizado era o iFood, com 86%, seguido pelo Uber Eats, com 43% e em último lugar estava a 99 Food com 11%. Outra pesquisa realizada pela Sociedade Brasileira de Varejo e Consumo (SBVC) mostrou que 15% dos jovens da Geração Z fazem compras exclusivamente online. O marketplace é a forma mais utilizada, correspondendo a 76%, em seguida estão os aplicativos de delivery, sendo cerca de 53%.
Język muzyki w komunikacji międzyosobowej
Authors: Łobacz Paweł
Published: April 2024

Niniejszy dyskurs podejmuje temat języka muzycznego i jego zastosowania w relacjach międzyludzkich. Analiza porównawcza języka oraz języka muzycznego, a także wybrane wymiary komunikacji ukazują zależności wynikające z relacji międzyosobowych. Współcześnie dostęp do kultury muzycznej nie jest ograniczony i mają do niej dostęp nie tylko elity. Wpływ muzyki na relacje interpersonalne ujawnia się w komunikacji uwzględniającej aspekty emocjonalne, wyobrażeniowe, doświadczenia piękna. Porozumiewanie się językiem muzyki wymaga doświadczenia i wrażliwości na dźwięki. Wiedza muzyczna pozwala prowadzić rozmowy na płaszczyźnie semantycznej, jednak odczuwanie muzyki nie musi być oparte na znajomości nomenklatury artystycznej. W przekazywaniu komunikatów następuje proces wspólnego kształcenia pomiędzy nadawcą i odbiorcą, czego wynikiem jest sprawniejsze opanowanie zasad i kodów komunikacji.
Ojczyzna. Bóg. Prawo. Duszpasterstwo Policji (1919–2023)
Authors: Fąfara Kazimierz
Published: April 2024

Artykuł podejmuje próbę pokazania działalności duszpasterskiej Kościoła katolickiego w policyjnej formacji. Księża duszpasterze i kapelani policyjni mieli już spore prawne umocowanie w okresie międzywojennym, dzięki któremu uczestniczyli w różnych uroczystościach patriotycznych, byli współorganizatorami spotkań z racji świąt kościelnych, błogosławili, wygłaszali prelekcje, nieśli duchowe wsparcie w wypełnianiu trudnych obowiązków przez policjantów. W okresie drugiej wojny światowej nieśli duchowe umocnienie i wspierali policjantów w działalności charytatywnej. Czas Milicji Obywatelskiej nie zapisał działań duszpasterskich wśród milicjantów, którzy byli poddani totalnej indoktrynacji socjalistycznej i ateistycznej i zabraniano im spełniać praktyki religijne. Dopiero po powołaniu przez Sejm RP 6 kwietnia 1990 r. Policji Państwowej nastąpił czas „wchodzenia” duszpasterzy-kapelanów policji z Ewangelią w formację i struktury policyjne, czego domagali się sami funkcjonariusze Policji. Kapelani są zapraszani na różne uroczystości policyjne, patriotyczne, a nawet rodzinne, w których spełniają przewidziane przez prawo kościelne określone posługi duszpasterskie. Pełnią ważną funkcję w formacji policjantów, nie szczędząc czasu i poświęcenia, aby być z nimi i ich rodzinami, zwłaszcza w chwilach trudnych. W zdecydowanej większości duszpasterze-kapelani Policji za kapłańskie posługi nie pobierają żadnego wynagrodzenia. Duszpasterstwo Policji w Polsce choć ma już dobrze wypracowane metody pracy, to jednak wymaga dalszego doskonalenia i jeszcze większego wzmocnienia w policyjnych strukturach.
Continuity and Discreteness of the Communities of Hydrobionts in the Lotic-Lentic Ecosystem of the Danube River Delta: Benthic Invertebrates
Authors: Liashenko A. V. , Shcherbak V. I. , Semeniuk N. Ye. , Zorina-Sakharova K. Ye.
Published: April 2024

To determine the discreteness and continuity of structural and functional characteristics of river systems, statistical tests of multiple comparisons have been proposed. The manifestations of discreteness and continuity of zoobenthos spatial distribution in the lotic-lentic system of the Kiliya Delta of the Danube River are considered based on the results of long-term studies of hydrological and hydrochemical indices, species composition, and quantitative characteristics of benthic invertebrates. The continuity of both abiotic and biotic indices was established. Its violation was registered at the front edge of the delta and in the places of unstable hydrological and hydrochemical regime. Water salinity and the origin of water bodies (artificial or natural) have been determined as the main factors responsible for the formation of the structure of benthic invertebrates.
Comparison of Chemical Composition and Bioactivities of Polysaccharides of Brown Seaweeds, the Red Sea, Egypt, Hurghada
Authors: Ismail Mona Mohamed , Ibrahim Hassan A. H. , El Zokm Gehan M.
Published: April 2024

Sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) from algae have been shown to be effective in a number of biological applications. Therefore, the chemical composition and different biological functions of various SPs were determined for three brown seaweed species from the Egyptian Red Sea: Dictyopteris polypodioides, Polycladia myrica, and Turbinaria decurrens. It has been found that the yield of crude SPs was higher than that of alginate and fucoidan with a range of 43.64% to 61.90%. Fucoidan, which has the maximum carbohydrate content of 56.89%, was found in D. polypodioides. The crude SPs of P. myrica had the greatest sulfate content of 22.44%. All functional groups of the examined samples were confirmed by the Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum (FTIR). Experimentally, three applicable assays were used to quantify the antioxidant activity of the extracted SPs depending on the method used, the type of polysaccharides, and algal species. The anti-diabetic activity of T. decurrens-crude SPs was highly active scoring 85.85% in the α-glucosidase assay. The anti-obesity activity showed the highest value (95.25%) for T. decurrens-fucoidan. Besides, T. decurrens-crude SPs showed the highest anti-arthritic activity (89.89%). In addition, a few positive records of antibacterial activity were detected. Furthermore, the most potent T. decurrens-crude SPs extract was tested for cytotoxicity against human liver cells and found to be safe. The activity of the isolated SPs and their chemical composition were shown to be correlated. Conclusively, the bioactivities recorded herein by the tested SPs pose promising medicinal applications towards developing a new therapeutic intervention.
Peciliarities of Hormonal Regulation of Growth Rate and Generative Functions of Fishes under Increased Anthropogenic Influence
Authors: Potrokhov O. S. , Zinkovskiy O. G. , Khudiiash Yu. M. , Vodianitskiy O. M. , Kofonov K. , Krasiuk Yu. M.
Published: April 2024

The hydrochemical parameters, the production and destruction of organic substances in different areas on the Ros and Protoka rivers were studied. Nearby the Horodyshche vil. (Ros River) and Pishchana vil. (Protoka River), concentration of ammonium nitrogen exceeded control values 2-5 times, nitrites - 1.5-2.5 times, nitrates - almost 3.0-5.8 times (as control the Ros River in the Olexandria dendrological park was used). Water of the considered sections was significantly contaminated by pesticides (chlorpyriphos) from the adjacent territories. Elevated content of nutrients in water conditioned intensive production processes (Pishchana vil.), whereas high chlorpyriphos content (Gorodyshche vil.) along with significant concentration of chlorpyriphos (Gorodyshche vil.) suppressed organic matters' production.

The water quality deterioration and presence of the toxic contamination caused decrease of the size-mass parameters of common ruff, river perch and common rudd, mainly owing to decrease of somatotropin content in blood. The gonadosomatic index of perch and rudd females from contaminated water bodies increased, whereas in males it decreased as compared with the control. The relative and absolute fertility of rudd increased along with increase of the contamination degree. The females' fertility growth under the unfavorable conditions was associated with increase of the estradiol content in blood. The perch and rudd males were characterized by decrease of the gonadosomatic index along with decrease of the testosterone content in blood.

Decrease of size and mass parameters and increase of the females' fertility is an adaptive response aimed at the population maintaining and higher vitality under toxic environment. These processes are provided by hormonal regulation of metabolic processes.
THERMAL AND HYDRODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF NANOFLUID FLOW IN A CIRCULAR PIPE USING EULER-GRANULAR MIXTURE MODEL
Authors: Sahu Sameer Ranjan , Patro Pandaba , Barik Hrushikesh
Published: April 2024

The current research work involves the study of thermo-hydrodynamic behavior of nanofluids in a circular pipe under constant heat flux conditions. The numerical work was carried out with water as the base fluid and Al2O3, CuO, and graphene as the nanoparticles using the Eulerian-granular multiphase model. By varying the nanoparticle volume fraction from 0 to 5%, pipe diameter from 5 to 20 mm, and inlet velocity from 10 to 25 m/s, it was observed that at higher nanoparticle volume fractions, thicker boundary layers with quick development of fully developed flow were achieved. The increment in nanoparticle volume fraction enhanced the Nusselt number, and with the use of graphene nanoparticles, the Nusselt number increased by about five times as compared to pure water. The particle motion within the fluid was dominated by the thermophoresis effect indicated by a lower wall temperature and was enhanced by a higher turbulent kinetic energy. Apart from the choice of base fluid, the choice of nanoparticles plays a significant role in determining the heat transfer performance. Graphene, with its superior thermophysical properties when dispersed in water, led to the lowest wall shear stress and highest effective thermal conductivity as a result of lowest effective viscosity as well as low pressure drop requirement and highest flow strain rate, followed by Al2O3 and CuO, respectively, in that order.
Subordinación y tiempo de trabajo en el ordenamiento laboral peruano: la idoneidad de la ‘puesta a disposición’ para la determinación del tiempo de trabajo
Authors: Espinoza Escobar Javier H
Published: April 2024

En el presente artículo se analiza la idoneidad de la subordinación, entendida como puesta a disposición del empleador, para determinar lo que debe considerarse como tiempo de trabajo. En el ordenamiento peruano, lo que es tiempo de trabajo se entiende en oposición al tiempo de descanso. Esta dicotomía es superada por diversas situaciones intermedias que requieren de un criterio que permita calificar cuándo nos encontramos frente al tiempo de trabajo, y, por tanto, otorgar al trabajador la protección que este hecho genera. Se plantea que, desde el punto de vista temporal, la subordinación implica aquel lapso que el trabajador pone a disposición del empleador para su aprovechamiento legítimo en interés de la empresa y en el que es posible que aquel ejerza cualquiera de las facultades propias del poder de dirección. Este lapso lleva consigo, además, la afectación de la posibilidad del trabajador de gestionar libremente dicho lapso en su interés particular. Se concluye que tal forma de entender la subordinación cuenta con elementos suficientes y, por tanto, idóneos, para calificar, caso a caso, una situación como tiempo de trabajo. Para llegar a dicha conclusión, no solo se parte de la vigente regulación del tiempo de trabajo, sino que se examinan los principales pronunciamientos de los tribunales administrativos y judiciales de la más alta jerarquía del Perú en los que se utiliza dicho criterio para otorgar protección al trabajador.
Improvement of students' digital literacy through the development of android-based Smart Edu learning media on plant breeding material
Authors: Fitriasih Fajarani , Faros Arrum Ardila , Gunarsih Dwi , Ristanto Rizhal Hendi , Isfaeni Hanum
Published: April 2024

This study intends to increase students' digital literacy abilities through the implementation of Smart Edu learning media in plant breeding material. This is a research and development project. Peer reviewers, material specialists, media experts, and student trials are used to evaluate products. Digital literacy and media assessment questionnaires were used to gather research data. The investigation's findings are: 1) According to scientific phases, the Android-based Smart Edu learning media was created, and its features include an eye-catching visualization display, ease of use, and content that aligns with the goals of plant growth and development; 2) according to material expert tests, android-based smart edu learning media on plant growth and development material that has been developed is suitable for use in learning when viewed from the perspective of content assessment or the learning material's contents, which are included in the very good category; 3) learning with android-based smart edu media has significantly improved digital literacy when compared to conventional learning. The development and application of Android-based smart educational learning materials demonstrate that their use is both practical and efficient in enhancing students' digital literacy. Further study should be done to create iOS and Android-based applications as well
OPERATIONAL AND INVESTIGATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF ESPIONAGE
Authors:   National Academy of Security Service of Ukraine, Popykhach D. K.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the study of problematic issues of operational and investigative characteristics of espionage. The purpose of the article is to analyze the doctrinal approaches to the definition of the concept, content and structural elements of the operational and investigative characteristic of espionage and to formulate the author’s own definition of the concept of operational and investigative characteristic of espionage, and to reveal its content and structural elements of this characteristic. The article substantiates that the operational and investigative characteristics of espionage are an important component of its operational and investigative documentation. The importance of the operational and investigative characteristic of espionage is to create a certain information model, with the help of which operatives have the opportunity to obtain knowledge of the actual data subject to operational and investigative documentation in the course of relevant operational and investigative measures. Investigating the genesis of the term «operational and investigative characterization of crimes», the article concludes that this term is derived from the term «forensic characterization of crime». It is emphasized that the peculiarity of the operational and investigative characterization of crimes is due to the specifics of the purpose and tasks of the OSA, the solution of which is ensured by the use of appropriate forces, forms, methods and means. It is proved that the operational and investigative characteristic of espionage can be considered as: 1) the process of cognition of essential features (properties, characteristics, distinctive features) of crimes and recording of its results; 2) the result of cognition – a systematized set (system) of information about essential features (properties, characteristics, distinctive features) of crimes and the relationship between the elements of such a system; 3) a set of methods (techniques) for identifying and determining the still unknown information about essential features (properties, characteristics, distinctive features) of crimes based on the available information about them. The author formulates the concept of operational and investigative characteristics of espionage as a generalized information model which is a detailed systematized description of typical operational and investigative significant features of espionage, which is necessary for searching for the recording of factual data on espionage and is important for its detection and operational and investigative documentation. It is proved that the operational and investigative characterization of espionage includes the following main structural elements: the subject of direct criminal encroachment, the method of espionage, typical traces and information about the identity of the offender.