bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen Transformation during Pig Manure Composting at Low Temperature
Authors: Li Shu Qin , Yan Lei , Xu Jing Gang , Liu Dong Yin
Published: January 2012

Discharge of animal manure without treatment not only pollutes environment but also influences people health. It also hinders further development of livestock industry. Composting animal manure is one of the solutions to this problem, in which content and morphous of nitrogen play important roles that affect the compost quality. Therefore it has great meaning to study nitrogen transformation during the pig manure composting, especially at low temperature which reduces composting turnover rate. In this study, pig manure was collected as compost material. Maize stover was chosen as attendant agent. Three kinds of microbial agents (A, B, C) were inoculated into the manure to start composting at 6°C. Contrast test was performed without microbial innoculant added. Acid nitrogen and non-acid nitrogen were included in total nitrogen in the composting process. Furthermore, Amide nitrogen, amino acid nitrogen, amino sugar nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and other unknown form acid nitrogen were included in acid nitrogen. Total nitrogen (TN) content decreased rapidly with microbial agents (A, B, C) added during the early 6d of the composting. TN content was the lowest at the stage of high temperature (6-12d) and increased quickly between 12-18d, and it became stable after 18d. Dynamics of acid nitrogen content was the same as that of TN content. Non-acid nitrogen content varied as same as the nitrogen content in contrast test. These indicated that composting microorganisms could not utilize non-acid nitrogen, so the change of TN was due to the variation of acid nitrogen. In the early stage of composting (0-6d), contents of both amide nitrogen and amino sugar nitrogen increased slowly, while contents of amino acid nitrogen and the unknown form nitrogen decreased rapidly. Moreover, ammonium nitrogen content increased quickly. It suggested that amino acid nitrogen and the unknown form nitrogen transformed into ammonium nitrogen. The decrease of acid nitrogen and TN contents were resulted from the evaporation at high temperature. In the stage of high temperature (6-12d), microorganisms grew quickly so that amide nitrogen and amino sugar nitrogen increased rapidly, which were ingredients of microorganisms. Other form nitrogen changed a little. In the stage of maturity (12-18d), contents of amide nitrogen, amino sugar nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen decreased rapidly, while the content of unknown form acid nitrogen increased quickly. Content of amino acid nitrogen grew slowly, which suggested that amide nitrogen and amino sugar nitrogen changed into unknown form acid nitrogen as well as amino acid nitrogen. As temperature decreased, contents of unknown form acid nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen increased slowly, while contents of other form nitrogen decreased after 18d. The amide nitrogen and amino sugar nitrogen contents decreased quickly at the former stage of the composting but slowly later. Content of ammonium nitrogen decreased significantly over the composting process.
Riesz Basis Generation of the Euler-Bernoulli Beam Equation with Boundary Energy Dissipation
Authors: Zhou Cui Lian
Published: January 2012

In this paper, the Riesz basis generation of the Euler-Bernoulli beam equation with with boundary energy dissipation is studied. Using the regular property of the boundary conditions, it is shown that the Riesz basis property holds
Enhanced Treatment of CSTR Anaerobic Digested Effluent from Poultry Wastewater by IC Reactor
Authors: Liu Zhan Guang , Zhou Xue Fei , Zhang Ya Lei , Zhu Hong Guang
Published: January 2012

The feasibility of applying internal circulation (IC) reactor anaerobic treatment for effluent from a CSTR plant treating poultry wastewater was examined and the key controlling factors were explored. A continuous-flow IC reactor of 12.3L capacity inoculated with anaerobic granular sludge was operated for 98 days at 35±1°C. With corresponding organic loading rate of 1.5-3.5 kgCOD/m3•d at hydraulic retention time of 1.5d, the maximum volumetric biogas production rate of 1.2 m3/m3•d and tCOD (total COD) removal efficiency in the range of 70-80% was achieved. Therefore, IC reactor is competent to treat CSTR effluent from poultry wastewater. The decrease of sCOD (soluble COD) relative to tCOD and ammonia inhibition may lead to deterioration of IC reactor anaerobic treatment.
Research on the Advanced Treatment of Coking Wastewater Using Constructed Wetland of Combined Substrate and the Degradation of Organic Matter
Authors: Huang Xiang Feng , Feng Yi , Xu Jing Cheng , Lu Li Jun , Liu Jia
Published: January 2012

The manganese sand-gravel constructed wetland and gravel wetland were used to the advanced treatment of coking wastewater. Results showed that when the HRT was shortened from 5 days to 3 days, COD, iron, manganese in effluent was less than 60mg/L, 0.3mg/L, 0.1mg/L respectively, which meets the standard of “The reuse of urban recycling water ―Water quality standard for industrial uses”. Removal of pollutants was affected by HRT and different combination of substrates. The manganese sand and gravel wetland has better treatment results and the variety and number of organic compound in effluent were greatly reduced. (Abstract)
Thermodynamical Comparisons of Four Types of Regenerators in Cryocoolers
Authors: Guo Yong Fei , Zhang Hua , Chen Xi , Wang Qiang
Published: January 2012

Comparisons between the mesh screen, parallel wire, etched foil and sphere beds regenerators have been made base on the calculation of entropy generation rate per unit length in the four irreversible processes. The irreversible process model of heat conduction of gas and matrix, gas flow resistance and heat exchange between gas and matrix are respectively analyzed. Based on the software Regen3.3 user manual, the entropy generation rate per unit length are calculated and compared between the four regenerators. It is indicated that the irreversible processes loss in the cold end plays the key role in the whole regenerator, and it is an important way to improve the regeneration efficient by optimizing the matrix geometries and the material properties at the cold end.
Numerical Study on the Affection of River System of Different Areas to Thermal Environment of Residential Neighborhood
Authors: Zhang Pei Hong , Zhang Xin Chun , Ma Zhong Jiao , Song Jia Lin
Published: January 2012

Based on software of Airpak, a mathematical model of a residential neighborhood in Shenyang was built to analyze the thermal environment of the area in summer. Different areas of river system, saying, original and double area, were located in south of the residential neighborhood. A series of results at pedestrian level of 1.5 meters were obtained, such as temperature field, relative humidity(RH) field, Predicted Mean Vote and Predicted Percent Dissatisfied(PMV-PPD), as well as Mean Age of Air(MAA). The simulation results showed that the affect to the thermal environment of the residence were different when the area of river systems was different. All the simulation results illustrated that the thermal environment was better if the area of water system was increased.
Simulation of Seepage Flow in Earth Dam with a Free Surface
Authors: Wei Wen Li , Zhao Hong , Zhang Pei , Liu Y.I.
Published: January 2012

The technique of curvilinear boundary-fitted coordinate system is used for the mathematical model of pressure underground seepage flow and the boundary conditions and the method of solving the transformed equations have been presented. The computing example shows that the computed hydraulic parameters conform to the physical laws. Compared with the finite element method, the presented method need not solve the large matrix equations, and the computer memories and the time for computing are less. The mathematical model is effective for numerical solution of seepage flows with complicated boundaries, and can be used in practice hydraulic engineering.
Lunar in Space Resource Utilisation
Authors: Sridhar Jayashree
Published: January 2012

This paper describes about various aspects of attaining a highly sustainable lunar colony. In space resource utilisation experiments and processing gives mineral beneficiaries .Application of emerging technologies will offer more scope for processing and manufacturing operations for instance laser technology which has found many applications on the moon. These technologies offer a clear road map to lunar colony and future lunar generation. Oxygen production, setting up fuel station, generating power and electricity are some of the tasks which can be achieved with the help of these emerging technologies.
Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for Flexible Job Shop Scheduling with Overlapping in Operations
Authors: Fard Ali Rahimi , Yegane Babak Yousefi , Khanlarzade Narges
Published: January 2012

Flexible job shop scheduling problem )FJSP) is an extension of the classical job shop scheduling problem which allows an operation to be processed by any machine from a given set. FJSP is NP-hard and mainly presents two difficulties. The first one is to assign each operation to a machine out of a set of capable machines, and the second one deals with sequencing the assigned operations on the machines. However, it is quite difficult to achieve an optimal solution to this problem in medium and large size problems with traditional optimization approaches. In this paper a memetic algorithm )MA) for flexible job shop scheduling with overlapping in operation is proposed that solves the FJSP to minimize makespan time. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is capable to achieve the optimal solution for small size problems and near optimal solutions for medium and large size problems
The Innovative Design of Airliner Front Landing Gear Mechanism
Authors: Zhou Wan Chun , Wang Jing
Published: January 2012

On the basis of the existing mechanism, we can induce the topological structure of the original mechanism. By using the number synthesis of mechanism, we can find the link assortment which can satisfy topological structure of the original mechanism. By using permutation, we can obtain the generalized kinematic chains. According to the special design constraints, after appointing each link and kinematic pair, we can gain all the suitable feasible specialized chains. Then making a converse reasoning based on the generalized principle, we will finally integrate the schematic diagram of mechanism suitable for our design purpose. Therefore, if we make a kinematic and a dynamic analysis on mechanism based on this, after structural designing, we can find a new mechanical device whose performance is up to or even superior to that of the original product.
Credit Risk Management in Banking and its Implementation in Iran
Authors: Mirjafari Ehsan , Nejad Mohamad Hooshmand , Amiri Mohsen
Published: January 2012

The main task in the system of banking in Iran is equipping the resources and allotting them as bank subsidies (facilities) to the customers. In this system most of the bank’s assets belong to depositors i.e. bank hold people’s properties and lends them to customers. To make decision about lending, an overall study should be made to minimize loan risks especially the credit risk, which is the main risk. An important question to be asked here is: “is there any meaningful relationship between credit risk indices and customers’ commitments To answer this question we first determine the credit risk indices, which are the most related to the customers’ payback and then we design a model by which a number, as the credit index of borrower, will be assigned to the borrower. This credit index is a criterion which helps us to decide about lending.
Effect of Hydrogen Addition into Methane-Air Mixture on Combustion Pressure
Authors: Bai Xiao Lei , Zheng Anna , Sun Na , Zhang Hong Guang , Han Xue Jiao
Published: January 2012

To get the effect of hydrogen addition under different initial pressures, different initial temperatures and different initial equivalence ratios on combustion pressure, relevant tests of methane-hydrogen-air mixture have been carried out in constant volume combustion bomb. The results showed that higher initial temperature and lower initial pressure is helpful to get higher flame propagation velocity while other initial conditions keep invariable; as hydrogen blend ratio increases, both maximum combustion pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise increase, with the appearance time obviously earlier and cycle-to-cycle variation obviously lower.
Modeling of Risk Management Strategies for SMEs Using ANN under Various Levels of Operational Risks
Authors: Singhal Piyush , Agarwal Gopal , Mittal M L
Published: January 2012

In competitive world, it becomes essential for the firms to consider the risks and uncertainties as the core concerns. To control the risks, various strategies like multiple sourcing, horizontal/ vertical integrations, buffer stocks etc are employed. But, out of many available risk mitigation strategies, SMEs usually prefer to keep excess safety stocks to manage the operational risks as they have feeble control and position in supply chain as well as limited means to employ other strategies, which requires skills and resources. Keeping appropriate safety stocks becomes a very complex and crucial problem for SMEs as excess stocks reduces the efficiency and shortage of it may make their position vulnerable in supply chains. Concerning to this issue, this paper focuses on operational risks with SME perspectives and explores the appropriate safety inventory levels using artificial neural network models and the results are further simulated with various settings of risk scenarios.
Electricity Market Reforms and Sustainable Development in China
Authors: Jiao Jian , Wang Xian Jia
Published: January 2012

Since the 1980s, China's power industry has undergone a series of reforms, as the goal of improving efficiency. By reforms, the central planning system was broken up and the market-oriented modern enterprise system is being established. This paper reviews the three main stages of the reforms of China's power and introduces related reform measures. The reforms include the separation of government and power enterprises, the division between power generation firms and power grids, electricity regulatory and other aspects. Electricity is the most important energy in modern society, while production of electricity with renewable energy can reduce pollution. As a focus of both domestic and international concerns with greenhouse gas emissions, utilization of renewable energy is one of the important ways for China to realize sustainable development.
A Study of Off-Line Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition with Optimized Decision and Iteration Based on Rough Set and the Granular Theorem
Authors: Wang Jian Ping , Chen Ke Qiong , Wang Jin Ling , Zhu Cheng Hui
Published: January 2012

The decision information system of off-line handwritten Chinese character recognition based on variable precision rough set is constructed in this paper. The granular variable in granular theorem is introduced, the granular entropy of feature attributes knowledge and decision attributes knowledge and relative granular entropy is defined. The attribute reduction algorithm with several features is given out. Moreover, the recognition structure which has three-tier classifier based on rough set iterated several times is designed. And it resolved the problem of high rate of rejection and coincident code with a single classifier and recognition only once effectively. The experiment results show that the method is feasible and effective.
The Comparison and Revelation of the National Top 100 Counties of Governance Modes
Authors: Miao Yi
Published: January 2012

Based on the governance experience of governments of National Top 100 Counties on Economy Basis and enlightenment from that, other county-level governments shall scientifically handle the relation between government and market to give full play to the fundamental role of the market in resource allocation, implement cross-regional cooperative governance to promote the flat local administrative system and optimize governance structure to improve public service level of governments with great effort. By the end of 2009, there are totally 2001 county-level economic units excluding county level city districts, among which, there are 367 county level cities, 1462 counties, 117 autonomous counties, 49 banners, 3 autonomous banners, 2 special administrative regions and 1 forest region. Local governance refers the problem solving process of a series of social public affairs & problems via extensive cooperation of local governments, non profit organizations, enterprises, citizens and other governance subjects in order to respond to demand of the people, develop consciousness of community and thus realize good governance of local governments and sound development of the society[1]. The Top 100 Counties on Economy Basis in China refer to those counties, in different regions of China, whose economic competitiveness ranks in the top 100 places in China. The author compares the governance modes of these 100 county level governments and summarizes their governance experience for reference of other county level governments in the governance process.
The Analysis about Increasing Competitive Ability to Accepting Orders of Garment Enterprise
Authors: Qiu Yu Ying
Published: January 2012

Main factors of affecting the ability to accept orders of garment enterprises ate working ability and competitive capacity. This paper mainly discusses three ability parameters of assemble line, and makes assessment for the working ability of the order. Simultaneously, it investigates the price composition of processing expense, and puts forward sample and practicable calculation method, which evaluates the competitive ability of enterprise. The conclusions and ways posed in this paper have practical value for trading.
Numerical Simulation of Plug Discharge with Dissolved Oxygen Convection and Diffusion
Authors: Yin Ze Gao , Wang Le , Zhang Jin Xiong , Cao Xian Wei
Published: January 2012

In Fluent, the 3-D RNG k- ξ mathematical model is employed to compute the plug discharge, and dissolved oxygen convection and diffusion model is established to simulate the concentration distribution of dissolved oxygen with user defined scalar method. Velocity, pressure, turbulence kinetic energy, turbulence dissipation rate and dissolved oxygen concentration are computed. Then, velocity, pressure and dissolved oxygen concentration are compared with the data of physical model, and they agree with each other approximately, showing it is valid and reliable to compute the plug discharge and dissolved oxygen concentration with the coupled model. Furthermore, the characteristics of hydraulic factors including dissolved oxygen concentration are analyzed and generalized based on the computational results.
A Recycling Review of Construction Waste in China's Road Construction Industry
Authors: Yang Yan Mei , Wei Shi Qiang
Published: January 2012

Many kinds of construction wastes are now produced in China. Recycling disposal of construction wastes not only alleviate pressure on the environment but also identify certain economic and social benefits. This paper undertakes a timely review of recycling disposal of construction waste in China's Road Construction Industry. The paper presented definitions of construction wastes and described the current situation of construction wastes in China. Considering the research findings which have been achieved in the field of waste disposal, this paper discussed the approaches to recycle construction wastes in China including abandoned concrete, waste asphalt, old brick, waste timber, sewage sludge. The conclusion makes recommendations that are deemed to offer substantial benefits for both the road construction industry and society as a whole.
Study on Stress Response Method of Nurses in Department of Emergency Medicine
Authors: Qin Chun Xia , Feng Xia
Published: January 2012

Nurses in Department of Emergency Medicine face the emergency of special populations; they live in special circumstances and shoulder a special mission, under the dual stress of internal and external environment source. However, whether the stressors cause stress to nurses is depending on the individual needs of the environment and the results interacting with their own resources assessment, if the assessment that the stress source exceeds the individual's response resources, the stress will be generated, which threats to the physical and mental health. This article pointed out that the stress of nurses in Department of Emergency Medicine is mainly from the patient care and nursing, most nurses are in moderate stress levels, nurses mainly use problem-directed response method, rather than emotion-directed response method. The problem-directed response method is significant negative correlation to the stress and emotion-directed response method is significant positive correlation.
A New Queuing Algorithm of Ophthalmic Hospital Beds Arrangement
Authors: Hu Ran , Hu Jing Shuang , Wu Ying
Published: January 2012

In this paper, we build a new queuing algorithm based on Multi-objective linear programming about the ophthalmic hospital sickbeds arrangement. In the new algorithm we divide the traditional queue into four subqueues depending on the different treatment of diseases and following the law of FCFS. We find a random day for reference and count the data of this day, and then we focus on the arrangement of the next day, which means to choose how many patients from each of the four subqueues to be settled into hospital in the next day. Considering the fair principle, the utilization of sickbeds, and the waiting time of the patients, we found an objective function with several constraint conditions to calculate the arrangement of the next day. In order to simplify the constraint conditions, we transfer the length of the queues into the waiting time of patients and finally get the result through programming by Lingo software.
An Effective Method of Image Quality Protection Based on ROI Extraction
Authors: Lv Pan Pan , Zhao Gang , Wei Wei , Liu Xiao Chun
Published: January 2012

Direct compression of original map can’t meet users' request on image quality. In order to harmonize image quality and bandwidth of wireless transmission, a protect scheme of UEP (Unequal Error Protection) with JEPG 2000 coder and Channel coding based on RCPC (Rate Compatible Punctured Convolutional) was proposed to improve ROI-based image quality. Firstly, ROI (region-of-interest) was extracted from Saliency Map based on visual attention model. Secondly, ROI and BG (background region) in image which transmitted in wireless channel respectively, were protected by different encoding bit rates and RCPC Code rates. Finally, the PSNR of image was calculated after transmitting in wireless channel using computer simulations. Experimental results show that ROI-based images with high-level protection get a higher quality than image without ROI while not increasing bandwidth.
Research on the Evaluation Indicators System of the Business Financial Condition
Authors: Ruan Hong Xia
Published: January 2012

Aiming at the financial indicator of the enterprises, this article analyzes and builds the evaluation indicators system of the business financial condition made up of first-level indicators consist of basic survival capacity, risk management capacity, competitive power and growth ability, two-level indicators consist of earning capability, capital operation capability, debt paying ability, cash flow generation, intangible resources capability, value expression ability, assets increasing ability and earning capability and 11three-level, which improves and supplements the traditional evaluation on the business performance, emphasizing the evaluation on such aspects as the capital capability, intangible assets capability, value expression capability and growth ability and mastering the essence of the development ability better.
The Study on the Stability of Agro-Ecosystem’s Productivity
Authors: Heng Tang , Gao Teng Yue
Published: January 2012

The article analyzes the stability of agro-ecosystem’s productivity taking sustainable development theory and wave theory as guideline, conducted field study of the research area taking ** as research case based on analyzing ** yearly grain output, and establishes relatively complete, clear and easy accessible evaluation target system for agro-ecosystem productivity stability through analyzing the constraints of the stability in the area and making full use of current statistical data with combination with actual situation. The evaluation system is set to be 4 layers with 17 indices as per Delphi and AHP method and comprehensive weight of each index is determined. It analyzes the stability of agro-ecosystem productivity from the aspect of both time and space with current indices and standardized data using synthetic index method and volatility index calculation method.
Hot Rolling Batch Planning Problem Model Based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Li Hai Tao , Li Su Jian , Wu Di , Han Fang , Wang Fang
Published: January 2012

To solve the hot rolling batch planning problem in production scheduling of iron and steel enterprises, a hot rolling batch planning model is formulated based on multiple travelling salesmen problem(MTSP) model. The objective is to minimize the total limit penalty value of adjacent stripped steels in width, thickness and hardness. The main constraints include jumps in width, thickness and hardness between adjacent stripped steels, which are essential for steel production process. An improved genetic algorithm is designed to solve the model. A simulation example shows the reasonability of the model and validity of the algorithm.
Model Building of Hydraulic Cylinder Exciting System Controlled by Wave Exciter
Authors: Kou Zi Ming , Wei Xiu Ye , Wu Juan , Lian Hong Zhen
Published: January 2012

By analyzing exciting course of hydraulic cylinder exciting system controlled by wave-exciter, the pressure fluctuation law of hydraulic cylinder in exciting process has been gained, and the law presents a cyclical variation. The pressure fluctuation frequency is independently controlled by excitation frequency of wave exciter. And mathematic model of hydraulic cylinder exciting system controlled by wave-exciter, which contains three control parameters, has been built.
Study on the Correlation between Mechanical Characteristics and Non-Destructive Testing of Stress Wave in Larch Logs
Authors: Luo Ju Ying , Yang Xue Chun
Published: January 2012

The testing experiments to healthy larch logs samplings whose diameter scopes are in 5-12cm and the length respectively are 10cm and 30cm were conducted by using Arbotom stress wave testing instrument and universal mechanics testing machine. The relationships between dynamic modulus of elasticity of stress wave and MOE, between MOR and MOE were all studied in the larch logs samplings. The results indicated that, in the two larch logs samplings, the dynamic modulus of elasticity of stress wave had positive linear correlation with MOE. Moreover, MOR also had a good linear correlation with MOE.
Experimental Investigation to Fuel Consumption Characteristics of Light-Duty Passenger Vehicle under Sliding Condition
Authors: Lin Hong Liang , Yu Qiang , Cui Xuan Meng , Zhang Xue Li
Published: January 2012

Technical level of driving behavior has run as high as 20% impact on vehicle’s fuel consumption, so choosing proper operation mode is one effective way to improve the vehicle’s running fuel economy. Vehicle sliding on level road is often used by driver, and analyzing vehicle’s fuel consumption characteristics during sliding condition has practical significance on realizing the reasonable driving and lowering fuel consumption. Taking some light-duty diesel passenger vehicle as experimental object, this paper discussed the variation discipline and curves involving sliding speed, sliding time and fuel consumption rate based on various sliding tests, especially analyzed the fuel consumption difference of sliding in neutral and sliding in different gears. Finally, following conclusions are achieved: the average fuel consumption rate while vehicle sliding in different gears is similar, which is about to 1/50 of sliding in neutral’. While sliding, the vehicle’s fuel consumption rate basically maintains at a low level. But once the sliding speed decreases too low, the fuel consumption rate increases dramatically. Therefore, aiming at lowing fuel consumption and reducing emission discharge, vehicle sliding in gear should have priority to sliding in neutral and choosing a reasonable sliding speed range is important for reducing vehicle’s running fuel consumption and exhaust emission.
Study on FEM Analysis of Multistory Steel Frame Structure and its Optimal Design
Authors: Wang Ru , Qin Long , Shao Zhen Qi
Published: January 2012

An finite element model (FEM) of multistory steel frame structure is established by applying ANSYS parametric design language(APDL) in this paper, where the objective function of optimization is defined as the minimum volume of a Pin framework. The optimal design are carried on by applying the optimized toolbox of ANSYS, based on analysis the situation of the most disadvantageous load combination. Several approaches have been proposed to avoid restraining to the local minimum. Experimental results show that the section size of the structural element improved obviously.
Determining and Ranking of CSFs for Design Capabilities Development in Malaysian Automotive Vendors
Authors: Sakura Zainal Abidin Ana , Muslimen Rasli , Mohd Yusuff Rosnah
Published: January 2012

Competition dynamically pushes manufacturing ahead. Consequently, design capabilities identified as strategic weapon that offers tremendous opportunities. However, design capabilities development is a stringent challenge to an organization especially in high technology base like automotive. In Malaysia, especially vendors has limited capabilities consequently bound the development steps. There are numerous critical success factors (CSFs) involved in developing successful design capabilities. Thus, makes the development process more complicated. All important CSFs have to be determined and rank accordingly. The CSFs are then applied in a model, using multi criteria decision making approach to facilitate the development process.
Analysis of Relationship between Service Recovery and Customer Satisfaction Based on Structure Equation
Authors: Li Qing Wen
Published: January 2012

Retail Enterprises have to face thousands of customers with different requirements constantly. Therefore, no matter how hard retail enterprises try, service failure is inevitable at all time. When failures have occurred, service recovery is an important measure for retail enterprises to improve their relationship with customers and enhance customer satisfaction. 220 questionnaires have been done to collect data and information. Make analysis of them with structure equation modeling and find out that (1) Material recovery and customer loyalty-oriented recovery have positive effect on customer relationship, and thus have positive effect on customer satisfaction; (2) Emotion recovery and customer loyalty-oriented recovery can affect customer satisfaction directly and positively; (3) customer relationship has positive effect on customer satisfaction.
A New Method for Extracting Transient Signal Feature in Transmission System Based on Tsallis Wavelet Entropy
Authors: Chen Ji Kai , Li Hao Yu , Yang Shi Yan , Kou Bao Quan
Published: January 2012

To reduce the computing complexity of Shannon wavelet entropy(WE), Tsallis WE algorithm was proposed and implemented by combining Tsallis entropy with lifting wavelet transform(LWT), which provided a new method to extract features of transient signals in transmission system. By adjusting the nonextension index, the property of Tsallis entropy was analyzed, and the relations between Tsallis entropy and Shannon entropy were discussed. Taking for instance Tsallis wavelet energy entropy(WEE), the computing complexity of Tsallis WE was analyzed and compared with Shannon WE. In order to verify the practicality of the new algorithm, the paper carried out not only the simulation test for transient faults in transmission system model, but also the processing of practical harmonics and lighting signal based on DSP, which showed that in comparison with Shannon WE the new algorithm can ensure the accuracy of feature extraction for transient signals , but its runtime has been partially reduced.
Strengthening Mechanism of TiB2-TiC Complex Phases Coated Electrode
Authors: Luo Ping , Dong Shi Jie , Mei Zhang Qiang , Xie Zhi Xiong
Published: January 2012

TiB2-TiC complex phases coating deposited onto the surface of electrodes by electro-spark deposition (ESD) in order to prolong the life of single phase coated electrode (TiB2 or TiC) during resistance welding of galvanized steels. The microstructures and TiB2-TiC complex phases coatings were characterized by SEM and XRD. The results indicate that life of TiB2-TiC complex phases coated electrode is prolonged significantly than life of single-phase coated electrode （TiB2 or TiC ）, failure mechanism of TiB2-TiC complex phases coated electrode is mainly wear to cause diameter increase on electrode tip, which results in lower current density during welding process, and then nugget size cannot satisfy the requirement of resistance spot welding. The failure mechanism of TiB2-TiC complex phases coated electrode is obviously different from uncoated electrode, the failure mechanism of uncoated electrode is wear and alloying between electrode tip surface and molten Zn on galvanized steel weld surface.
Fault Line Selection with Parallel Supply Lines in Mine Power Systems
Authors: Wang Chong Lin , Xin Jian
Published: January 2012

In mine power systems, false operation and failure operation of relays in parallel supply lines often take place when single phase grounding fault occurs. A novel method based on phase-to-phase current difference is proposed as line selection criterion in this paper. The method builds on that the phase-to-phase current difference based on fault phase in fault line is equal to the grounding fault current while the phase-to-phase current difference based on fault phase in sound lines is equal to zero. Thus the fault line was selected by the biggest phase-to-phase current difference of the lines. The simulation results using PSCAD and experiment results show that the method has a high accuracy and a great ability of anti-disturbance. It is quite effective when single-phase-to-earth fault occurs in one of the parallel supply lines. It also applies to any distribution system with different grounding patterns and won’t be affected by the value of grounding resistance or the degree of fault phase.
The Realization of Palm Kneading for Chinese Massage Robot
Authors: Du Guang Yue , Lu Shou Yin , Zhang Hua Kai
Published: January 2012

This paper mainly introduces the mechanical structure and parameters of Chinese massage robot, establishes coordinate system for the whole structure and on this base, establishes equations of motion for manipulator by D-H method. Then this paper makes a planning for trajectory of Palm kneading which is one of ten massage techniques, realizes it using interpolation method, and takes a simulation to the trajectory by MATLAB software at the end.
Research on Linear Motor for Linear Compressor
Authors: Wang Wei , Xia Yong Ming
Published: January 2012

A novel moving-magnet linear motor was introduced which can produce high-frequency short stroke reciprocating motion, and it’s suitable to apply in linear compressor. The equivalent magnetic circuit model was established and the expression of driven force was given, then the impact the motor parameters made to motor performance was analyzed. The motor’s finite element model was established, the features of the air-gap magnetic field were studied, and the impact the length of the permanent magnet made to the motor stroke was analyzed. The foundation of the motor’s further optimization was laid by the results.
The Research of Heilongjiang State-Owned Forest Area Biomass Energy Development Model
Authors: Jiang Yang , Zhao Xiang Yan
Published: January 2012

The biomass energy developmental strategy pattern is a basic logic frame that leads Heilongjiang state-owned forest area constructs core competitiveness, it had decided the basic mode and the way of Heilongjiang state-owned forest area long-term development, as well as the foundation of establishing the long-term competitive advantage in the biomass energy developing process. This article uses the super efficiency DEA analytic method to appraise the achievements of 40 forestry bureau development biomass energy in Heilongjiang state-owned forest area, finally indicated: choosing Heilongjiang characteristic biomass energy dual gradient developmental strategy pattern, and this pattern could coordinate the level of development of the high and low gradient region, prioritizing biomass energy source, advancing the coordinated development of energy, the economy, environment in Heilongjiang state-owned forest area, finally achieving the goal of sustainable development of the forestry.
A Hybrid Model of Fuzzy Time Series for Forecasting
Authors: Wang Ju E , Qiao Jian Zhong
Published: January 2012

This study proposes a hybrid model for forecasting. The hybrid model is built on heuristic and weighted models of fuzzy time series. Compared to heuristic model, the hybrid model considers not only heuristic factors but also weighted factors. Hybrid model counts in more factors for dealing with forecasting problems to get a higher forecasting accuracy rate. The enrollment of University of Alabama is chosen as the forecasting targets. The empirical analyses show that the hybrid models provide better overall forecasting results than the previous models.
Study on Inventory Management System Dynamics Model of Successive Manufacturing Enterprises
Authors: Feng Xi Wen , Jia Hui Wen , Feng Qian
Published: January 2012

This paper is based on the analyzing the features and the questions of inventory management of successive manufacturing enterprises, using the inventory management theory and the system dynamics theory, on the assumption of combining actual situation of inventory management of Hongyu Corporation, analyzes the relations of kinds of factors which affect the inventory management, using the system dynamics method, establishes the causality graph of kinds factors which affect the inventory management in Hongyu Corporation, including the causality graph of cooperation part inventory management, semi products inventory management, profit and the whole inventory management in Hongyu Corporation. Based on the causality graphs, the paper establishes the system dynamics model of inventory management of Hongyu Corporation. The system dynamics model of inventory management in Hongyu Corporation which was built in this paper is accurate and steady, especially satisfied to the practical production of Hongyu Corporation and successive manufacturing enterprises, it greatly helps to raise the inventory management level of Hongyu Corporation, so this model has great significance in both theory and reality for inventory management of successive manufacturing enterprises.
An Interactive Neural Network for Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization with Application to the Design of Digital Filters
Authors: Zheng Jian Jin , Xia You Shen
Published: January 2012

This paper presents a new interactive neural network for solving constrained multi-objective optimization problems. The constrained multi-objective optimization problem is reformulated into two constrained single objective optimization problems and two neural networks are designed to obtain the optimal weight and the optimal solution of the two optimization problems respectively. The proposed algorithm has a low computational complexity and is easy to be implemented. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is well applied to the design of digital filters. Computed results illustrate the good performance of the proposed algorithm.
Design and Analysis for the Hybrid Capacitance and Micro-Leverage Amplifier Actuator
Authors: Liu Feng Li , Hao Yong Ping
Published: January 2012

This new hybrid capacitance and micro-leverage amplifier actuator was based on modifying existing structure and mechanism. That overcame the drawback of small displacement of the capacitance actuator in virtual of the micro-leverage amplifier. The amplifier time of the single micro-leverage amplifier was 4.5. Connect the 1×9 array with nine electrostatic capacitance micro-actuators with the amplifier and form a polymer actuator. The actuator whole size was limited to 4×4 mm, the maximum output displacement was 42μm under 15V voltage input. The pull-in voltage of the actuator array was 19V.
The Design for Multi-Point Wireless Temperature and Humidity Acquisition USB-Based
Authors: Zong Xiao Ping , Liu Wei
Published: January 2012

Wireless temperature and humidity acquisition system is designed in this paper using PT100 thermal resistances and HS1101 sensors. The system is composed of thermal resistances using C8051f330 microcontroller with two-wire resistance measurement circuits, HS1101 frequency output circuits, 2.4 GHz ISM band RF transceiver chips nRF24L01 with multi-point sending and receiving, combination of wireless communication receiver modules CY7C68013. System uses the USB2.0 send temperature and humidity data to the PC, and display the curves of LabWindows / CVI real-time temperature and humidity.
The Design of Digital Manometer
Authors: Yan Guo Ying
Published: January 2012

In this paper, a new method is to design the digital manometer by using the BPR-2/100 manometer as the measuring of pressure, using single-Chip microcomputer as AD, and using the LED to display. It mainly includes the hardware circuit and software. It can accord with international unit at the present time and meet the needs of digital time because of high precision.
Simulation Analysis of One Electronic Equipment in Plane-Wave Environment
Authors: Xie P.H. , Tan Z.L. , Xu B.
Published: January 2012

Electromagnetic simulation software FEKO was used to set up the equipment model and plane wave environment. Data showed: distortion took place in the electric field near the centre of equipment, whose main weight direction related to frequency, resonance phenomenon presented at frequency of 700MHz, 800MHz, 900MHz;there was enhancement area of electromagnetic coupling field near the body centre within the equipment, and staff members or the test equipment should avoid this area; the morphism opening had similar laws to electromagnetic energy coupling; there was strong electromagnetic coupling area that appeared within the equipment at frequency of 150MHz;when frequency was smaller than 50MHz, semi-circular form of launching near the openings could be observed, whose regional border was clear, but with the rising of frequency, the regional border faded gradually, and the body surface of package shell within the equipment displayed gradually in the reflection and absorption of the electromagnetic coupling field around; the curve mode of the approximate " hump " appeared in observing the both sides curve of the window, which had reflected the transmission function as the equivalent aerial of the window.
Simulation on Efficency of Mobile Rack in Medicine Warehouse
Authors: Li Qing Song , Pan Heng , Liang Tao , Yang Wei
Published: January 2012

Mobile racks are used broadly in warehouse, especially in those with low items and large stock-keeping unit (SKU). However, contraction between storage capacity and rack efficiency may restrict the usage of mobile racks. Such an example in medicine industry was offered in this paper. Using Witness simulation Software, a model has been developed for medicine warehouse with mobile rack system. Simulations have been executed to analyze rack efficiency in five different scenarios. All scenarios embodied more or less low efficiency and long line in front of buffers. Results indicated that efficiency relies on policies of order-picking and space allocation. It can also be concluded that the minority items of small quantities and low frequency may decide the performance of the whole system.
Equivalent Capture Strategy for a Space Netting Interface
Authors: Jie Dang Yang , Ni Feng Lei , Tan Yi Song , Liu Hong , Cai He Gao
Published: January 2012

During space capture process, because of the joints flexibility and the distortion of long tubular booms, high precision tracking and positioning performance of large space manipulator can hardly be achieved. As a result, it is difficult to realize successful capture. To solve this problem, a typical kind of netting interface fit for space capture application is introduced to improve the capture ability of the end effecter. Moreover, an equivalent capture strategy is put forward to avoid the complicate modeling problem of the unknown correcting force that acts on the grapple of the target during capture process. The proposed strategy makes the complicate capture problem to be a simple position tracking problem, thus capture can be achieved even a relative velocity exit between the end effecter and the target. Experiments show that the proposed strategy can improve the autonomous capture ability of the large end effecter.
A Tabu Search Algorithm for the Stage Shop Problem
Authors: Nasiri Mohammad Mahdi , Kianfar Farhad
Published: January 2012

This paper presents stage shop problem which is a special case of the general shop. The stage shop is a more realistic generalization of the mixed shop problem. In the stage shop problem, each job has several stages of operations. In order to solve the stage shop problem with makespan objective function, a tabu search algorithm is developed. In addition, an existing lower bound of the job shop is adapted to the new problem and the computational results have been compared to it. The proposed TS algorithm has reached the optimal solutions for about half of the problem instances
Sphericity Evaluation Based on Minimum Circumscribed Sphere Method
Authors: Meng Fan Wu , Xu Chun Guang , Hao Juan , Xiao Ding Guo
Published: January 2012

The search of sphericity evaluation is a time-consuming work. The minimum circumscribed sphere (MCS) is suitable for the sphere with the maximum material condition. An algorithm of sphericity evaluation based on the MCS is introduced. The MCS of a measured data point set is determined by a small number of critical data points according to geometric criteria. The vertices of the convex hull are the candidates of these critical data points. Two theorems are developed to solve the sphericity evaluation problems. The validated results show that the proposed strategy offers an effective way to identify the critical data points at the early stage of computation and gives an efficient approach to solve the sphericity problems.
The Effect of Laser Glazing on High Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Diltemiz Seyid Fehmi , Kushan Melih Cemal
Published: January 2012

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) have been widely used by aero and land based gas turbines to protect hot section parts from oxidation and thermal loads. These coatings are generally consisting of multiple layers of coating (usually two) with each layer having a specific function. TBCs are generally deposited with air plasma spray (APS) or electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) techniques. In this paper plasma sprayed TBCs were deposited on to 304 stainless steel substrates then ceramic surfaces were glazing with Nd-YAG laser. Metallographic examinations were applied to the samples to investigate microstructural changes in glazed ceramic layer. Both glazed and as-coated samples were subjected to oxidation tests to measure the high temperature oxidation resistance. The tests showed that, laser glazing is beneficial to oxidation resistance of TBCs. This improvement is attributed to sintering of zirconia layer which act as oxygen barrier and formed during glazing process.