bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reno-cutaneous fistula as a rare complication of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis diagnosed by computed tomography and radionuclide scan
Authors: Szmigielski W. , El Sherif A. , Ejeckam G. , El Khatib D.
Published: July 2019

A discharging reno-cutaneous fistula was the first manifestation of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a 33 year old man. Because of the rarity of this complication of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (less than 20 cases worldwide have been reported in the literature) its clinical and diagnostic aspects are discussed. The correct Preoperative diagnosis was made by computed tomography, gallium scintigraphy, ultrasonography and was confirmed by surgery and anatomopathologic examinations. The authors stress the technique of sinography with fractional administration of contrast medium while the patient was kept in a prone position for several minutes prior to the CT examination. This facilitated the demonstration of the entire fistulous track and enabled the establishment of a more precise diagnosis.
Is aspirin a useful adjuvant to oral hypoglycemic agents?
Authors: Mubarak A.A.S..
Published: July 2019

Aspirin was prescribed for 20 non-insulin dependent diabetic patients receiving one of the sulfonylureas (Glibenclamide, Gliclazide and Glipizide) with or without Metformin. The majority of the patients were on Glibenclamide and Metformin.

Aspirin slows the progression of nephropathy and retinopathy. Fasting blood sugar levels improvedfollowing the addition of aspirin to oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) (p = 0.0057). The mean fall in F.B.S. was 3.9 mmol/L.

Glycated Hemoglobin (Hb A1C) was measured before and 3 months after giving aspirin to diabetic patients receiving one of the sulfonylurea drugs with or without Metformin. Following aspirin use the Hb A1C fell significantly (p = 0.0138). The mean fall in HbAlC was 0.81%.
Patterns of upper G.I.T. bleeding in the north jordan
Authors: Shawagfa Z. , Marji Z
Published: July 2019

To discover the pattern of upper GIT (Gastro-intestinal tract) bleeding in the north of Jordan.

A retrospective study of 110 patients with upper GIT bleeding who had been admitted to the Prince Rashed Hospital between the 1st July1995 and the 31st December 1996.

The mean age was 52 years; NSAI intake was reported in 26 patients (23%); 60% of the patients had duodenal ulcers; the mortality was nine per cent.

With regard to age and endoscopic findings, the pattern of acute upper GIT bleeding showed some differences Compared to other parts of the world. Initial resuscitation is the first priority as shock is an important factor determining mortality.
Unilateral right pulmonary artery agenesis
Authors: Al Yamani M. , Fraiwan N.
Published: July 2019

A 32 year old lady reported recurrent attacks of chest tightness and dyspnoea since childhood and a recent history of intermittent attacks of haemoptysis. A chest X-ray prompted further investigations which revealed isolated unilateral pulmonary artery agenesis (UPAA). She underwent right pneumonectomy and had a smooth post-operative recovery. She has been followed for 12 months and is enjoying good health.
Primary HIV infection: the importance of early recognition
Authors: Al Soub H. , Al Malki A.
Published: July 2019

A patient with sexually transmitted human immuno-deficiency virus and hepatitis B infections is described. Diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection was made incidentaly when he donated blood. He subsequently developed a self-limiting acute hepatitis B infection. The case is presented and the risks of viral transmission from blood transfusion during the period before seroconversion are discussed.
Bronchiectasis in childhood in the state of qatar
Authors: Abdul Wahab A. , Al Araby I. , Dawod S.T.
Published: July 2019

We reviewed 35 cases of bronchiectasis seen at the Department of Pediatrics of Hamad Medical Corporation in the State of Qatar. The main objective was to determine the etiology and the clinical features and to evaluate their management Ages ranged from 7 months to 12 years with a mean of 63.8 months. The male to female ratio was 1.7:1 and 23 (65.9%) of the cases were diagnosed before the age of six years.

Cough was present in every case and rales in 30 (85.7%) of the cases. Dyspnea, wheezing, clubbing and failure to thrive were found less frequently. The cause of the bronchiectasis was unidentifiable in almost 50% of the cases and in the remainder it was due to childhood infection (2 cases), congenital and genetic disorders (6 cases, including 4 cases of cystic fibrosis, 1 case of ciliary dyskinesia and 1 case with congenital right middle lobe bronchus stenosis), immune defects (4 cases), airway obstruction (4 cases, including two cases of foreign body aspiration), extrinsic compression (1 case), bronchial asthma with right middle lobe syndrome (1 case) and four miscellaneous cases: Down's syndrome with A-Vcanal (1 case), persistent RLL atelectasis (2 cases), and mediastinal lymphadenopathy with persistent LLL atelectasis (1 case).

Of the various diagnostic methods available, CT was found to be the most conclusive and surpasses the other diagnostic modifies of bronchiectasis in children and should then be resorted to any clinical suspicion of the disease.

The outcome of medical treatment, (excluding 4 cases of cystic fibrosis) was that 7 cases missedfollow-up, 7 cases responded favorably, 4 cases remained unchanged, 2 cases died (one with HIV and one with Down's syndrome and congenital heart disease) and 11 cases were referred for surgery. Both medical and surgical treatments are discussed and the recommendations for surgery outlined. Address for correspond
Short segment fixation thoracolumbar unstable burst fractures using dc plates & pedicle screws
Authors: Hashem N. , Al Subai N.
Published: July 2019

Twenty-one patients with unstable burst fractures of the thoracolumbar spine (T12-L3) were treated with narrow DC plates and 6.5mm cancellous pedicle screws. The number of levels instrumented in all patients were only one level above and one level below the fracture. Follow-up averaged 22 months (range 12-45 months). The correction of kyphotic angle in all patients averaged 6.1 degrees at follow-up, while in patients with fractures above L2 level 1.4 degrees, and in patients with fractures below L2 level 24 degrees.

The improvement of vertebral segment height for all patients averaged 5% of normal at follow-up, while in patients with fractures above L2 level 3%, and in patients with fractures below L2 level 11% The neurologic improvement averaged 1.7 Frankel grades (range, 1-3). The fixation was stable enough to allow early mobilization and rehabilitation. There were no screw breakage of implant failure, and solid fusion was obtained in all patients.
Advances in epilepsy surgery
Authors: Raza A.
Published: July 2019

The history of epilepsy is probably as long as human race. It is estimated that 6-7% of population suffer at least one seizure at some time in their life, between 0.5-1% of Population suffer from active epilepsy. Drug treatment even when successful is only suppressive, since none of the drugs ls curative. Surgical approach, hence is more logical as it would eliminate the cause of the seizures. In pediatric age group, the need or early surgery is even greater as frequent seizure activity interferes with neuronal migration, leading to mental retardation.

For several years only small number of patients were offered surgery, however, advances in neuroimaging studies and development of new surgical techniques have enabled Us to deal with the lesion in the eloquent areas, without any major problem.
Interferon ALFA (INF-α) use during pregnancy: A case report in chronic myeloid leukemia and a review literature
Authors: Kakil I. R. , Mubarak A. A. , Al Homsi U.
Published: July 2019

A patient with Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) being treated with INF-a conceived during treatment which continued for the whole course of her pregnancy. A female infant was born at 40th week of gestation and was found to have a platelet count of 56 x 109/L which returned to normal after two weeks.

A literature review of similar cases showed no abnormalities in the infants of mothers receiving INF-a during pregnancy. The safety of INF-a during pregnancy requires further study before its routine use during pregnancy can be recommended.
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus Among Patients Attending Outpatient Clinics in Qatar
Authors: Zirie M. A. , Yousef M. F. , A1 Mashaly A.
Published: July 2019

The objective of this study was to explore the prevailing complications of diabetes mellitus and to explore some of the associated factors among Qatari patients previously diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus. A random sample of Qatari diabetic patients attending outpatient clinics (8 am to 12 pm) attached to Hamad General Hospital, between May 2001-2002 were included in the study. The total sample was 225, 74 males, and 151 females. The results revealed that retinopathy was the most prevailing complication (43.6%), followed by nephropathy (40.9%), hypertension (36.9%), neuropathy (28.9%), hyperlipidemia (26.7%), coronary heart disease (18.7%), foot ulcer (4.4%), and thyroid problems (3.6%). A significant association between development of hypertension and high body mass index (BMI) was found. Neuropathy and thyroid problems were significantly higher in females. (56.9%) of the patients were obese (BMI >30 kg/m2), and 28.9% were overweight (BMI 25-29.9). Two thirds of the patients had positive family history of the disease, and females who had diabetic fathers were significantly higher than males.
Submandibular Sialolithiasis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Al Kaabi M. , Darwish A. A.
Published: July 2019

A case of submandibular sialolithiasis in a 49-year-old male is presented and used to discuss the published literature on etiological factors, examination, differential diagnosis and treatment options.
“From Qatar to the World” Abstracts: Presented at International Conferences
Authors: Hammoudeh Mohammed
Published: July 2019

Background: Primary Sjogren's syndrome is an immune-mediated disorder of the exocrine glands. Dryness of the eyes and the mouth are the most common clinical presentation.

Material and Method: We present the clinical manifestation of primary Sjogren's syndrome in 16 patients seen over the last 6 years in Rheumatology Clinic at our hospital.

Results: Fourteen of the patients were female and 2 were males (F/M ratio is 7/1). Nine were Qataris and 5 other nationalities. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 40.6 years with a range of 24-60.
Brucella Arthritis: A Study of 80 cases in Mosul - Iraq
Authors: Al Dabbagh K. A. O. , Rasool M. T.
Published: July 2019

Brucella arthritis is common in Mosul, Iraq, with peripheral arthritis being the most common presenting manifestation. A prospective analysis of 80 patients (43 female, 37 male) attending the Ibn-Sina General Teaching Hospital between October 2001 and September 2002recorded information on gender, age, residence, contactwith animals and intake of unsterilized dairy products andstudied the distribution of arthritis according to the patternof joint involvement. The knee joint was the most commonjoint affected (34%), followed by the hip joint (30%). Ofthe totaljoints involved, the arthritis was monoarticular in 563% andpausiarticular in 43.7%. It is recommended thatthe public and primary healthcare physicians are made aware of the occurrence, manifestations and importance of having correct treatment for this condition in view of its prevalence and economic implications.
Success Rate of Radioiodine Treatment of Hyperthyroidism in Qatari Patients.
Authors: Darwish S.M. , Ghadban W.K. , Zirie M.A. , Al-Khateeb D.A.
Published: July 2019

To evaluate the response rate of hyperthyroidism to radioactive iodine treatment (RAI) and the mortality rate post RAI treatment in a Qatari cohort the records were analyzed retrospectively of 113 hyperthyroid Qatari patients (23 male, 90 female) treated with RAI (1-131) in the Endocrine Clinic, Hamad Medical Corporation, between 1984 and2002. 90 (79.6 %) had diffuse goiter, 14 (12.4%) multinodular goiter, 6 (5.3%) single nodular goiter and 3 (2.7 %) unknown etiology. Follow up ranged from two to ten years with free thyroxin and thyroid stimulating hormone being recorded at diagnosis; six months and one year post RAI treatment and yearly thereafter.

The incidence of hypothyroidism was 64.4% after six months post RAI treatment and 75.9% at one year. Euthyroid state was high in patients who did not receive antithyroid drugs, whereas the hypothyroid state was higher in a group with pre-treatment antithyroid medication (80% versus 62.8%). The euthyroid state was more in diffuse hyperthyroidism 22.4%, while 84.6% of multinodular goiter became hypothyroid after six months of RAI treatment. Mortality rate was not increased post RAI treatment as compared to general population.

Conclusion: The incidence of hypothyroidism was 75.9% at one-year post RAI treatment and the rate of hypothyroidism increased with the length of follow up to 10 years (86.7%). There was no linear relation in response rate to increasing doses of RAI treatment groups.
Interrelation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Periodontal Pathologies - A Literature Review
Authors: Thomas M. , Johnny K.K.J
Published: July 2019

Oral infections are a source of bacteremic organisms that can infect damaged heart valves causing bacterial endocarditis and other forms of cardiovascular disease including stroke. This review discusses the relationship of oral infections, bacterial endocarditis and coronary artery disease, especially periodontal disease, while suggesting guidelines for best practice clinical management.
Antisperm Antibodies in Women with unexplained Infertility
Authors: Ali N. H. , Flaifel M. S.
Published: July 2019

Unexplained infertility occurs in many couples of childbearing age, immune mechanisms have been postulated in this disorder for the last few decades. Circulating antibodies against spermatozoa present in serum and seminal plasma have been especially implicated. This autoimmunity against spermatozoa has been investigated in males, while the isoimmunity (in the females) has got low attention. Fifty women with unexplained infertility and twenty fertile women were involved in this case-control study. ELISA test was used to detect antisperm antibody (ASA) from cervical mucus (CM) and serum specimens of both groups of women. CM was collected at mid-cycle period and dissolved mechanically (not by bromeline). Thirty percent of infertile women have IgG-ASA in their serum and 20% have IgA-ASA in the CM, while 22% of fertile women have IgG-ASA in their serum and no fertile women have any titer of IgA-ASA in their CM specimens. Only CM-IgA-ASA of infertile women showed significant statistical correlation with cellular property of CMwhich was scored according to Insler score. It is concluded that ELISA test is more sensitive and specific than microagglutination tests for detection of serum and secreted ASA. Also, secretory IgA-ASA are more indicative and have potential role in immunological infertility as iso- immunity than IgG-ASA. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that immunological infertility should be considered as an important cause of infertility and have to gain a special interest by clinicians.
Necrotizing fasciitis and its association with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Shaikh N. , Abdel Rahman H. , Hanssens Y. , Najyemuddin M.
Published: July 2019

To analyze the different presentation, types of infection, predisposing factors (particularly diabetes mellitus) of necrotizing fasciitis; a rare potentially fatal rapidly progressing necrotizing infection of subcutaneous tissue and superficialfascia with secondary necrosis of overlying skin, the medical records were reviewed retrospectively of 94 patients (71 male; 23 female) admitted to the surgical intensive care unit of Hamad General Hospital, Qatar, between January 1995 and February 2005. Fifty-three patients (56.4%) were diabetic with a mean age of 55 years compared with 40.2 years in non-diabetic patients. Type 1 necrotizing fasciitis, especially of the perineal and genital regions, was more common in diabetic patients whereas type 2 necrotizing fasciitis, especially of torso and upper limbs, was more common in non-diabetic patients. Overall 63.4% of cases were type 2 necrotizing fasciitis. E.coli was the most common bacterium isolated from necrotic tissue of diabetic patients and streptococci were the most common cause of necrotizing fasciitis in non-diabetic patients. Fifteen (16%) patients died but there was no significant difference in mortality between the groups, eight (15.1%) diabetic, seven (17.1%) non-diabetic, although diabetic patients were significantly older.
The Greatest Binding Force
Authors: Gandhi Mahatma
Published: July 2019

Prayer is the greatest binding force, making for the solidarity and oneness of the human family. If a person realizes his unity with God through prayer, he will look upon everybody as himself. There will be no high, no low, no narrow provincialism or petty rivalries in the matter of language between an Andhra and a Tamilian, a Kanarese and a Malayalee. There will be no invidious distinction between a touchable and untouchable, a Hindu and a Musalman, a Parsi, a Christian or a Sikh. Similarly, there would be no scramble for personal gain or power between various groups or between different members within a group. The outer must reflect the inner. If we are in tune with God, no matter how big a gathering, perfect quiet and order would prevail and even the weakest would enjoy perfect protection. Above all, realization of God must mean freedom from all earthly fear.
Integral Pluralism as the Basis for Harmony: The Approach of His Highness the Aga Khan
Authors: Lakhani Ali
Published: July 2019

The approach of the Aga Khan as a Muslim leader of our times is a useful corrective to many of the misperceptions about Islam in today’s world. His words and actions illustrate not only the essentially peaceful message of the faith but also the perennial and universal relevance of its principles and values as exemplified in His Highness’ integral and pluralistic vision. It is a vision of a lived faith – of engagement with life through creating a bridge between faith and the world, a “bridge of hope” that places value in community while respecting individual aspirations, and that embraces diversity while remaining true to the principles of faith.
Les religions, entre violence et paix
Authors: Vinson Eric
Published: July 2019

Since the Enlightenment, the modern secular discourse has stigmatized religion as a source of violence. Eric Vinson argues that in order to understand how and why religion can justify violence but also promote peace, we should move beyond the simplistic dichotomy between religion and politics and rethink religion as a mediating instance between politics and spirituality.
"الاستثناء التونسي" لإرساء السلم المجتمي، بخطى ثابة نحو نوبل للسلام
Authors: بلطي أمل
Published: July 2019

تتناول الورقة "مبادرة الرباعي لتسوية الأزمة السياسية بتونس"،اثر الربيع العربي التونسي، لانقاذ الوحدة الوطنية، من الرباعي الراعي للحوار والذي شمل كل من الإتحاد العام التونسي للشغل و الاتحاد التونسي للصناعة والتجارة والصناعات التقليدية والهيئة الوطنية للمحامين و الرابطة التونسية للدفاع عن حقوق الإنسان. قام الرباعي بمفاوضات افضت الى ارساء السلام والدمقراطية في البلاد، وتجاوز شبح الحرب الأهلية.
اللغة والسّلم الكونيّ
Authors: السوداني حسين
Published: July 2019

تناول هذا المقال العلاقة بين المكون اللغوي كأداة للتواصل الاجتماعي، من ناحية ، ودوره في ترسيخ قيم السلام والتعايشن على المستوى المحلي والكوني. كما تتناول أهمية اللغة في تكوين صورة معينة عن الواقع والتصور الانسان للحياة.
المظاهر القانونية للفساد واستراتيجية مكافحته في تعزيز قيم النزاهة
Authors: ابراهيم د.نوال طارق
Published: July 2019

ملخص

بات الفساد ظاهرة عالمية تهدد المجتمعات وبقائها ، وبدت الانقسامات المجتمعية تتضاعف في البلدان التي ينتشر فيها الفساد بمختلف أنواعه وتسمياته ، حيث استكشفت الدراسة بأن التشريعات الجنائية حرصت على تقرير نظام عقابي خاص لمواجهة جرائم الفساد مما استوجب بنا بيان المظاهر القانونية للفساد السياسي المتمثل بالرشوة الدولية والرشوة الانتخابية لان الفساد لم يعد متعلقا بالجانب الاقتصادي فحسب بل امتد إلى الجوانب الأخرى السياسية والاجتماعية ومع ان الاطار التشريعي لجرائم الفساد ومعاقبة مرتكبيه يستلزم وجود نظام إجرائي فعال ومتكامل لملاحقة المتهمين ومحاكمتهم واسترداد عوائد نشاطهم الإجرامي مما تطلب بالدراسة بيان أهمية الملاحقة الإجرائية من خلال بيان دور هيئة النزاهة في التحقيق في تلك الجرائم وكل ما يتعلق بالفساد الإداري والمالي وهذه الجرائم المرتكبة قد تكون أحيانا ذات طابع دولي ولها صلة بجرائم الجريمة المنظمة غير الوطنية وقد تناولنا بيان معالجة أسباب الفساد والذي لا يكون فقط عن طريق النصوص القانونية لمعاقبة مرتكبي الفساد وإنما في الإجراء الوقائي من خلال تعزيز قيم النزاهة وتحمل المسؤولية بأمانة وإخلاص واحترام القانون وهذا هو الأساس ،وان لتعزيز تلك المفاهيم دور كبير في مواجهة الفساد في قمة الهرم السياسي وفي قاعدته.

وكشفت هذه الدراسة استراتيجية مكافحة الفساد وتعزيز قيم النزاهة ببيان عمل تلك السلطات الثلاث التشريعية والتنفيذية القضائية والدور الفعال الذي يمارس من قبلها من خلال خلق منظومة قانونية تحكم عملها وتراقب أدائها وتحاسب مفسديها وفق القانون. واختتمت الدراسة ببعض المقترحات لمواجهة الفساد المتنوع والذي استلزم استنهاض الوعي والفعل لمواجهة كل أشكال الفساد من خلال جهد مشترك تتعاضد به كافة مؤسسات المجتمع. إضافة إلى وجوب التعاون الدولي لمواجهته والتنسيق بين الدول والمنظمات الإقليمية والدولية لوضع استراتيجيات يتم تحديثها باستمرار لضمان مواجهة المشكلات الناجمة عن كل صور الفساد المعاصرة.
التجربة الجزائرية لمكافحة الفساد و مفارقاتها: إطار قانوني و مؤسساتي طموح يفتقد لآليات إنفاذه
Authors: شهيدة قادة أ.د.
Published: July 2019

ملخص: ظاهرة الفساد توصف اليوم بأّنها أكبر التّحدّيات والعقبات الحائلة دون تنمية المجتمعات ورقيّها، لما تمثلهُ من افتئات خطير على منظومة حقوق الانسان وهدر بالغ للمواردِ المادّية والمالية للدّول.

والجزائر حديثة العهد باللّبرلة والاقتصاد الحرّ، لم تكد تنتهِ حربها الضّروس ضدّ الارهاب، حتى وجدت نفسها كرها في مواجهة آفة الفساد، شديدة الوقع والانتشار، مقننة ومنتظمة، تنخر في جسم المنظومة الاجتماعية برمّتها.

وقد آثرت السلطات العمومية في الجزائر بدء معركتها مع الفساد بالتّحالف مع المجتمع الدّولي (مصادقتها على الاتفاقية الدّولية لمكافحة الفساد لسنة 2004) لتسنّ بعد ذلك القانون 01 لسنة 2006 المتعلق بالوقاية من الفساد ومكافحته، وتتبع ذلك بإصلاحات لافتة لقانون الاجراءات الجزائية، والصفقات العمومية، ناهيك عن استحداث إطار مؤسساتي واعٍ للمراقبة والتّحرّي عن جرائم الفساد.

ومن المفارقات الغريبة أنّ هذه المساعي لم تتمخّض إلا عنْ واقعٍ مُغاير مؤدَّاه زيادة وتيرة الفساد واتساع رقعته، وتذَيّل الجزائر المراتب الأخيرة في مؤشرات الفساد العالمي، عام 2018 (المرتبة 112 من 180 دولة).

وهو ما دفعنا إلى محاولة الإجابة عن سؤال جوهري يتعلّقُ بِمصدر هذا التّفاوت بين ثورة النّصوصِ والحصيلة العملية المتدنّية لمكافحة الفساد في الجزائر، بالتّركيز على القدر الذي يمكن أن يرتبهُ الإطار القانوني والمؤسساتي من فعالية وإنفاذ، وذلكَ من خلال رصد وتشريح مفارقة التّفاوت (المحور الأوّل) ثمّ البحث عن آليات الإصلاح وتصحيح هذا التراوح المُقلق (المحور الثاني).
Heurísticos: una herramienta de razonamiento en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la Matemática
Authors: Durán William Prado
Published: July 2019

La solución de un problema matemático se puede realizar con base en una serie de procedimientos mecánicos, algorítmicos y estructurados; en la cual se le brinda énfasis al método de solución; o mediante la utilización de estrategias simples, creativas e intuitivas que posibilitan formas de pensamiento divergente,denominadas heurísticos. El propósito de este artículo es analizar la utilización de estrategias heurísticas como herramienta para la solución de problemas de razonamiento cuantitativo en diferentes contextos, de manera que promuevan el desarrollo de habilidades y competencias matemáticas de la población estudiantil de secundaria. En la investigación cualitativa participaron estudiantes de décimo y undécimo grado de colegios diurnos de Nicoya (Guanacaste) y Sarapiquí (Heredia) de Costa Rica. El análisis de los datos obtenidos en la investigación se realizó mediante la observación y monitoreo de las sesiones de trabajo, el análisis de contenido de las bitácoras de cada facilitador y entrevistas semiestructuradas a los participantes, lo cual permitió analizar estrategias variadas de solución, fomentó el interés y la participación en la lección, y propició que los estudiantes realizaran la justificación a sus razonamientos.
Consumo de psicoestimulantes lícitos en estudiantes de Doctorado en Medicina
Authors: Maravilla José Adán , Lucero Lizet Yomara , Cisneros José Rogelio , Gil Douglas Barrera
Published: July 2019

Las actividades académicas y hospitalarias llevan a los estudiantes de medicina, al consumo de sustancias psicoestimulantes de uso común, con el fin de incrementar su actividad motriz y cognitiva, pero el carácter legal de estos productos no los excluye de tener efectos adversos si se consumen en cantidades inadecuadas. Con el objetivo de conocer el consumo de sustancias psicoestimulantes lícitas de uso común en estudiantes del área clínica de Doctorado en Medicina de la Universidad Evangélica de El Salvador.Se utilizó el método de estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, método deductivo, tipo descriptivo y transversal, en estudiantes del área clínica de Doctorado en Medicina de la UEES del ciclo 1-2017, población de 374 estudiantes y muestra de 190, aleatoria y proporcional.Con un resultados de Casi 70% refirió consumir psicoestimulantes; 90%, café como el principal psicoestimulante; uno de cada cuatro entrevistados, tabaco o bebidas energizantes. El psicoestimulante lícito con mayor consumo inadecuado es el tabaco con 23.3%.Se concluye que los psicoestimulantes lícitos de uso común utilizados por los estudiantes son café, tabaco, bebidas energizantes y bebidas de cola. El consumo general de psicoestimulantes está dentro de los parámetros de consumo a nivel latinoamericano. Los productos de consumo inadecuado fueron café y tabaco. La cantidad de estudiantes dependientes del tabaco, asciende a medida avanzan en el área clínica, a pesar de esto, el porcentaje de estudiantes de medicina UEES que fuman, es casi la mitad respecto a la prevalencia de tabaquismo en jóvenes latinoamericanos.
Prevalencia de periodontopatías en clínicas odontológicas de Universidad Evangélica de El Salvador 2017
Authors: Portillo Elmer Jehovani , Alfaro Erick Marcello
Published: July 2019

Las periodontopatías son un problema de Salud Pública debido a su alta prevalencia, impacto en la calidad de vida y los altos costos que implica su tratamiento. Sus principales factores e indicadores son compartidos con las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, contribuyendo a la exacerbación y/o desarrollo de estas. El Objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer la prevalencia de periodontopatías en personas de 18 a 60 años de edad que consultaron en la Facultad de Odontología de Universidad Evangélica de El Salvador (FOUEES) en 2017. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal de 289 expedientes seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio simple. Entre los resultados sobresalen: Prevalencia de periodontopatías 100%, sexo femenino 69.20%, periodontitis 55.36%, grupo de edades de 18-31 años 40.83%, desempleados 30.45%, escolaridad media 33.22%, higiene bucal deficiente 71.97%. La prevalencia de periodontopatías fue alta en la población, mayormente en mujeres de 18-31 años de edad, desempleadas, con escolaridad media, del área urbana e higiene bucal deficiente. Identificando y abordando los factores más relevantes, se podría prevenir su desarrollo, por lo cual se debe fortalecer la teoría y práctica de la profesión odontológica para ser aplicado en docencia, asistencia e investigación; tales como formación y capacitación de recursos humanos en odontología, estandarizar el proceso de diagnóstico y definición de caso, impulsar campañas de educación y motivación, gestionar alianzas de educación, promoción y tratamiento, reforzar programas y medidas en Salud Pública, realizar investigaciones, de seguimiento y considerando otros indicadores, así pasar del conocimiento a la implementación de medidas preventivas.
Teaching Business English to Future Economists Using a Multimedia Textbook
Authors: Bykonia Oksana P. , Borysenko Iryna V. , Zvarych Iryna M. , Harbuza Tetiana V. , Chepurna Myroslava V.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the study is to examine and evaluate the impact the “flipped classroom” model-based learning environment accompanied by multimedia-based textbook entitled “English through Soft Skills” provides for the learning styles of the university students majoring in Economics. The study sought to identify tangible (seemingly measurable) and intangible (difficult to measure) gains the “flipped classroom” learning model brought to both students and instructors. A multimedia textbook “English through Soft Skills” was developed for the study. A multi method approach was used to gather feedback and quantitative methods were used to analyze the data. Specifically, Covariance-based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) software as SPSS AMOS and Textalyzer were used to process the students’ responses to survey questions. The results reported a shift in student preferences in learning, including a greater desire to engage independently with computer-assisted work, quicker problem solving, increased motivation to study, and improved time management and lifelong learning skills. Additionally, there was a shift in teaching approaches of the instructors, namely from a teacher-centered to a student-centered approach. The study may better inform building the learning process for the students with limited learning opportunities or studying the distance learning model. Despite the experimental group involving only the students majoring in Economics, this methodology could be applicable to teaching English for Specific Purposes to other majors, such as: Business, International Relations, Psychology, Law. The research is advancing the knowledge of integration multimedia tools into teaching, and specifically the use of multimedia textbooks in the “flipped classroom” settings to deliver Business English course to the students majoring in Economics
Impact of Using Technology on Teacher-Student Communication/Interaction: Improve Students Learning
Authors: Erkan Akyürek
Published: July 2019

This paper aims to investigate the teachers’ and students' views on using technology and its effect oncommunication/interaction. As noteworthy results have been succeeded in educational technology in recent years,evaluating the effects of technology integration on communication is now possible. Moreover, the impact oftechnology on the teachers' and students' communication is considered important. The present study examines thefactors or the impact of using technology between teacher-student communication/interaction in Turkey. This paperproposes both innovation diffusion theory (IDT) and integrating technology acceptance model (TAM) fromeducational communication perspectives. The case study method was used in the research. Case study is one of thequalitative approaches and requires in-depth analysis of a case resulting in a narrative description of behaviour orexperience of a person or a group. The sample of this study consists of 95 participants (77 students and 18 teachers)from a secondary school in Bursa/Turkey. Semi-Structured interviews were carried out with the participants includingissues; "using education technology on teacher and student technologies, the effect of using education technology andto improve teacher-student communication should be used asolution proposals for technologies in classrooms".Maxqda 11 program was used for the analysis of the interviews. As a result of the interviews, participants have beensuggested to use tablets in classrooms, sound insulation, use of never ending pen and no ringtones. The findings showthat the choice of educational technology is related to teachers’ perception which is communication/interaction withthe student can be enhanced using technology. However, the opposite is true for students.
Cogan-Reese syndrome: image analysis with specular microscopy, optical coherence tomography, and ultrasound biomicroscopy
Authors: Loya-Garcia Denise , Hernandez-Camarena Julio C. , Valdez-Garcia Jorge E. , Rodriguez-Garcia Alejandro
Published: July 2019

Iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome is a progressive clinical spectrum of corneal endothelial abnormalities affecting the cornea, iris, and iridocorneal angle. Three clinical variations are recognized: essential (progressive) iris atrophy, Chandler syndrome, and Cogan-Reese syndrome. Direct slit-lamp visualization of the cornea and anterior segment in cases of ICE syndrome is inadequate for precise and objective assessment of the affected structures. We describe the evolution of corneal and anterior segment structural changes in a woman with Cogan-Reese syndrome using three different methods of image analysis: specular microscopy, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and ultrasound biomicroscopy.
Urheberrecht zwischen Materialismus und Idealismus
Authors: Haberstumpf Helmut
Published: July 2019

Den Immaterialgüterrechten einschließlich des Urheberrechts ist gemeinsam, dass sie geistige Leistungen unter Schutz stellen und Vermögensrechte an verselbständigten geistigen Gütern gewähren. In diesem Beitrag sollen einige Gedanken zur Seinsweise des Geistigen beigesteuert werden, ohne die die Systeme der Immaterialgüterrechte nicht richtig verstanden werden können. Die Frage, auf welche Gegenstände sich die jeweiligen Schutzrechte beziehen und wie sie identifiziert werden können, findet in der aktuellen rechtswissenschaftlichen Forschung und Praxis zu geringe Beachtung. Um sich ihr zu nähern, werden zunächst die in der modernen Philosophie des Geistes vertretenen konträren Positionen des Materialismus und des Idealismus, die im urheberrechtlichen Schrifttum und in der Rechtsprechung ebenfalls, wenn auch meist unausgesprochen und unreflektiert, anzutreffen sind, vorgestellt. Als Zwischenergebnis dieser Überlegungen bleibt festzuhalten, dass zwischen den raum-zeitlich nicht identifizierbaren, unveränderlichen und kausal nicht wirksamen geistigen Schutzgegenständen des Urheberrechts und der anderen Immaterialgüterrechte und den physischen (materiellen) Objekten und Erscheinungen, in denen jene vorkommen, kategorial zu unterscheiden ist. Geistige Gegenstände sind Produkte des menschlichen Geistes, die als - gute oder schlechte - Gründe für unser menschliches Handeln und Unterlassen bedeutsam sind. Ihre Produktion und Verwendung sind eingebettet in regelhafte soziale Sprach-, Bild-, Klang- und Tanzsysteme. Die in ihren physischen Eigenschaften oft völlig verschiedenen Objekte und Erscheinungen, in denen geistige Gegenstände materialisiert sind, enthalten ein einzeln identifizierbares und verstehbares Werk, wenn sie als bedeutsame Zeichen (Formen) oder als Kombinationen von ihnen eines unserer traditionellen Kommunikationssysteme hervorgebracht und verwendet werden. Die Bindung an traditionelle Formen, denen Werkschaffende einer bestimmten Epoche unterworfen sind, schließt nicht aus, dass Personen oder Personengruppen neue Regeln zu ihrem Gebrauch einführen und sie anderes als bisher deuten. Ihre Regelhaftigkeit beschränkt daher nicht die Möglichkeiten kreativen Schaffens, sondern bildet vielmehr eine Voraussetzung dafür. Daraus folgt, dass eine Reihe urheberrechtlicher Dogmen, darunter als populärstes die Unterscheidung zwischen geschützter Form und ungeschütztem Inhalt, in Frage gestellt werden müssen.
Estrutura e regeneração de Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. em castanhais nativos da Amazônia
Authors: Tonini Helio , Baldoni Aisy Botega
Published: July 2019

O trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de comparar a estrutura diamétrica e os indicadores de regeneração natural em castanhais nativos e correlacioná-los a fase de desenvolvimento da floresta, a intensidade de coleta de sementes e a exploração madeireira. Os dados foram coletados em 54 hectares nos municípios de Caracaraí (RR) e Itaúba (MT). As distribuições de freqüência diamétricas foram comparadas por medidas de tendência central, variabilidade, forma e aderência por Kolmogorov-Smirnov. A regeneração natural foi correlacionada às variáveis ecológicas, intensidade de coleta e a atividade da fauna pelo Coeficiente de Correlação de Spearman e pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Não foi observada correlação entre a taxa de coleta e os indicadores de regeneração e, apesar da alta intensidade de coleta de sementes, observou-se um número satisfatório de indivíduos jovens, indicando que a abertura de clareiras pela exploração florestal pode ter sido o fator de maior impacto no estabelecimento da regeneração natural e no rejuvenescimento dos castanhais
Heterogeneidade ambiental e estrutura da vegetação arbustivo-arbórea em três áreas de Cerrado sentido restrito no Sudoeste goiano
Authors: Silva Gabriel Eliseu , Guilherme Frederico Augusto Guimarães , Carneiro Steffan Eduardo Silva , Pinheiro Marcelo Henrique Ongaro , Ferreira Wendy Carniello
Published: July 2019

A variação fitofisionômica do Cerrado brasileiro é intensa e estudos fitossociológicos podem fornecer subsídios sobre quais fatores são responsáveis por essa heterogeneidade ambiental. Nesse sentido, esse estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a estrutura da vegetação lenhosa de três áreas de cerrado sentido restrito, no município de Jataí - GO, buscando discutir os achados com o histórico de perturbação de cada área e aspectos físicos dos solos. Foram alocadas dez parcelas contíguas de 20×50 m em cada área, totalizando três hectares de levantamento no total. Incluíram-se na amostragem todos os troncos com diâmetro ≥ 5 cm, medidos a 30 cm do solo. As áreas apresentaram diferenças quanto à estrutura da vegetação lenhosa com formações mais abertas e outras mais densas (densidade de 991 a 1859 ind.ha-1 e área basal de 10,85 a 17,68 m2.ha-1). A riqueza florística variou de 70 a 82 espécies. Apesar de haver uma mistura de elementos florísticos savânicos e florestais entre as áreas, detectou-se maior domínio de espécies savânicas. Os padrões florístico e estrutural indicaram heterogeneidade nas comunidades em função de diferenças texturais do solo e incêndios. Isso reforça a importância da preservação de formações savânicas no sudoeste do estado para entender variações estruturais e florísticas e, consequentemente, fornecer informações para outros estudos sobre os aspectos ecológicos relacionados a eles.
Gas exchange, root hydraulic conductivity, water use efficiency and the growth of Toona ciliata clones and seedlings
Authors: Oliveira Taiane Pires de Freitas de , Barroso Deborah Guerra , Figueiredo Fábio Afonso Mazzei Moura de Assis , Barros Thais Chagas , Gambetta Gregory , Campostrini Eliemar
Published: July 2019

Forest plantations established with seedlings have heterogeneity and are difficult to manage, so an alternative is the use of clones with high productivity. In addition, clonal plants differ in the structure of the root system that can influence the water and nutrient uptake efficiency and therefore productivity. We evaluated leaf gas exchange, root hydraulic conductivity, and water use efficiency of Toona ciliata clonal cuttings and the seedlings growth. The study was performed in a completely randomized design with four treatments: a) TC3 clone; b) TC9 clone; c) TC15 clone and d) seedlings with five replicates and ten plants per plot. On the 120th day, the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration and stomatal conductance were evaluated between 12:00 and 13:00 hours and the values calculated as efficient, instantaneous (A/E) and intrinsic (A/gs) water use were calculated. Hydraulic root conductivity (kroot)was obtained by applying increasing pressures (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 MPa) using Scholander chamber. The height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry mass of shoot and root, length, diameter, surface area and root volume were also determined. The data were submitted to Pearson’s correlation and analysis of variance, comparing by Tukey’s test (5%). The genetic materials studied presented an equal capacity of water absorption and transport by the roots, even though they exhibited a visual anatomical differences of the root system. Although, the clones exhibited low transpiration and net photosynthetic rates, they were generally more efficient in water use, and the TC3 and TC9 clones were more efficient to convert the assimilated carbon to biomass.
O uso de sistemas agroﬂorestais diversificados na restauração ﬂorestal na Mata Atlântica
Authors: Martins Eline Matos , Silva Eliane Ribeiro da , Campello Eduardo Francia Carneiro , Resende Alexander Silva de , Lima Sandra Santana de , Nobre Camila Pinheiro , Correia Maria Elizabeth Fernandes
Published: July 2019

Com a nova legislação ambiental brasileira vislumbra-se a possibilidade do uso de sistemas agroflorestais diversificados para recompor áreas de preservação permanente e reserva legal, principalmente em pequenas propriedades rurais. Uma pergunta que surge, diz respeito a capacidade desses sistemas em reduzir custos na restauração florestal e ao mesmo tempo apresentar eficiência ecológica similar aos plantios em que se faz uso exclusivo de espécies nativas do bioma em questão. Buscando a resposta avaliou-se nesse estudo um sistema agroflorestal implantado em 2005, em Seropédica, RJ, que tinha o objetivo de interligar dois fragmentos florestais ali existentes. Desde então foram feitas uma série de avaliações sobre a eficácia ecológica desse “corredor agroflorestal” na interligação desses fragmentos. Os resultados indicaram que a quantidade e a qualidade da fauna do solo e fungos micorrízicos foram favorecidos pelo sistema agroflorestal em comparação à matriz de pastagem, mas ainda se encontram em níveis inferiores aos fragmentos florestais interligados. A pastagem próxima ao sistema agroflorestal vem se beneficiando da melhoria ambiental ali existente, criando um “efeito de borda positivo”, situação bem distinta da pastagem que se encontrava mais distante da área de influência do corredor agroflorestal. Para os indicadores utilizados, o sistema agroflorestal foi eficiente.
Estabelecimento in vitro de oliveira ‘arbequina’ e ‘koroneiki’
Authors: Santos Jullie dos , Pinheiro Marcos Vinícius Marques , Schmidt Denise , Fontana Daniele Cristina , Pretto Matheus Milani
Published: July 2019

Devido a relevante importância econômica, tanto para o setor alimentício quanto farmacêutico, a oliveira vem sendo cada vez mais cultivada em todo o mundo. Para isso, a obtenção de mudas de qualidade com uniformidade e idoneidade varietal surge como fator altamente relevante na implantação dos pomares de oliveiras. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver protocolo de estabelecimento in vitro a partir de segmentos nodais de duas cultivares de oliveira sob diferentes concentrações de hipoclorito de sódio e concentrações de BAP. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento inteiramente casualisado, em esquema fatorial triplo (2x3x3), sendo duas cultivares de oliveira (Arbequina e Koroneiki), três concentrações de BAP (0,00; 2,22 e 4,44 µM) e três concentrações de hipoclorito de sódio (0,6; 0,8 e 1,0% de cloro ativo) para a descontaminação dos explantes. Cada tratamento contou com três repetições e a unidade experimental constituída por cinco tubos de ensaio com um explante cada. Após 28 dias, foi possível observar que os tratamentos testados não foram eficientes no estabelecimento in vitro de Olea europaea cv. Arbequina. A concentração de 2,22 µM de BAP adicionada ao meio WPM e a concentração de 1,0% de hipoclorito de sódio, utilizada na desinfestação dos explantes, são ideais para o estabelecimento in vitro de Olea europaea cv. Koroneiki.
Efeitos de atributos ambientais na biodiversidade de formigas sob diferentes usos do solo
Authors: Amaral Gustavo Correiro do , Vargas André Barbosa de , Almeida Fábio Souto
Published: July 2019

O objetivo foi avaliar a influência de variáveis ambientais sobre a fauna de formigas em um fragmento de floresta nativa e em áreas sob cultivo orgânico. Os dados foram coletados no município de Seropédica-RJ, nas estações chuvosa e seca, nas seguintes áreas: plantação de bananas (Musa pariadisiaca L.); agrofloresta; cafezal (Coffea conephora Pierre) sombreado com Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.); fragmento de floresta (8 ha) em estágio intermediário de sucessão secundária. Para a amostragem, foram utilizadas cinco unidades amostrais por área, cada uma composta por três armadilhas de queda tipo pitfall e uma parcela de 1 m² onde foi extraída a cobertura morta/ serapilheira, que foi peneirada e alocada no extrator de Winkler. Foram coletadas 53 espécies de formigas, ocorrendo maior riqueza de espécies na agrofloresta (38 espécies), seguida do cafezal (31 espécies), floresta secundária (29 espécies) e plantação de bananas (28 espécies). Na estação seca houve o efeito do tipo de uso do solo e da profundidade de serapilheira sobre a riqueza e diversidade de espécies de formigas. Nas duas estações, a composição de espécies de formigas variou significativamente entre todas as áreas estudadas. O aumento da heterogeneidade estrutural do ambiente e da profundidade de serapilheira em áreas cultivadas proporcionou maior riqueza e diversidade de espécies de formigas, além de mudanças na composição de espécies. Desta forma, pela diversidade de espécies cultivadas e estratos vegetais que apresentam, os sistemas agroflorestais funcionam como alternativa às monoculturas. Principalmente, no que se refere à proteção da biodiversidade, já que estes ambientes apresentam maior disponibilidade de recursos alimentares e de locais para a nidificação, não somente para a fauna de formigas.
Controversias sobre el cosmógrafo Andrés García de Céspedes = Controversies about the Cosmographer Andrés García de Céspedes
Authors: Landeros de Casolari Leopoldina
Published: July 2019

Conocer al autor de una obra nos permite entenderla mejor, por esto nos hemos acercado a Andrés García de Céspedes no sólo a través de los autores que lo han estudiado, sino también de las fuentes directas. Él trabajó en el campo de las ciencias siendo matemático, cosmógrafo y astrónomo; también fue inventor y artífice de instrumentos astronómicos y matemáticos. Además, fue Piloto Mayor de la Casa de la Contratación de Sevilla, Cosmógrafo Mayor del Consejo de Indias, clérigo y supuestamente capitán. A través de los siglos su controvertida personalidad y calidad de sus obras han contrapuesto las opiniones de expertos. Su tenacidad y metodología, que lo llevaron algunas veces a apropiarse de ideas de otros cosmógrafos e inclusive a adjudicarse obras que no eran suyas, le permitieron lograr un reconocimiento en la historia de la navegación.AbstractKnowing the author of a work allows us to understand it better. This is why we have approached Andrés García de Céspedes, not only through the authors who have studied him, but also from the primary sources. He worked intensely in the field of sciences being a mathematician, cosmographer and astronomer. He was also the inventor and architect of astronomical and mathematical instruments. In addition, he was a Major Pilot of the House of Trade of Seville, Major Cosmographer of the Council of Indies, cleric and captain. Over the centuries his controversial personality and the quality of his works have contrasted the opinions of several experts. His tenacity and methodology, which sometimes led him to appropriate the ideas of other cosmographers and even by awarding works that were not his own, allowed him to achieve recognition in the history of navigation.