bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KAEDAH PEMERIKSAAN BANGUNAN TINGGI MENGGUNAKAN PESAWAT TANPA PEMANDU (UAV)
Authors: Kaamin Masiri , Abd. Aziz Nurunnazifah , Mohd Bukari Saifullizan , Alia Zaurin , Samion Norhafiza , Abd Kadir Aslila , Ngadiman Norhayati
Published: May 2016

Building maintenance is work to undertaken to keep, restore or improve every facilities or part of building or the surround to an agreed standard. Generally the objective of building maintenance repair and replacement of any defect to maximize the building life, to balance building efficiency and also to achieve tenant satisfaction. High building are often as a landmark and inspiring structures to the owner and people. Therefore there are many specific maintenance task on high building that need to be regularly accomplish, including window cleaning, inspection and structure repair. Visual inspection is one of the processes of building maintenance. Binocular and camera are basic tools in visual inspection of high building. Graphic and photographic from the tools will be used in analyzing deterioration. Nowadays, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle - UAV not only as a hobby but it can also be used as broadcasting and also can be used as a tools in visual inspection of high buildings. The aim of this study is to test the suitability of UAVs in visual inspection. Fakulti Kejuruteraan Awam Dan Alam Sekitar, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn building was chosen in this test. The Micro-UAV was flown at a distance of 2 meters from the building envelope. The video was made during the flight. After that, these videos have been processed into an image using the snapshot. Defect area will be w edited using the Adobe Photoshop to get clearer images. There are 39 defect area consisting paint faded, uneven brickwall and crack.
EFFECT OF SILICA FUME ON THE PERFORMANCE OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL CONCRETE
Authors: Ibrahim Abu Bakar , Wan Husin Wan Norsariza , Johari Izwan
Published: May 2016

This paper reports the study with experimental investigation of Silica Fume (SF) concrete made with Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA). Compressive strength of concrete is considered as a measure to determine the strength of concrete with different age and different cement composition. The major variables of this studied includes workability and compressive strength. Concrete mixtures are prepared under the same proportions, by different replacement of SF content and also used super plasticizer. SF was used to replace PCC at dosage levels of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight of the binder. The effect of cement substitution was evaluated and both experimental details and preliminary results are presented. The result show that the compressive strength of concrete containing SF was significantly improved and that cement replacement up to 15% SF shown the superior enhancement.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF SWIRL INTENSITY IN TURBULENT SWIRLING PIPE FLOWS
Authors: Rahmatullah Bahbibi , Tamrin Khairul Fikri , Sheikh Nadeem Ahmed
Published: May 2016

Swirling flows are often observed in nature such as weather systems, cyclones and tornados. A number of applications use swirling nature of flow for enhanced mixing, heat transport and other transport phenomena. Naturally occurring swirls as well as induced swirls are often usually turbulent in nature. Understanding the flow physics of turbulent swirling flow is important for better understanding and control of processes involving swirling flows. With the increase of computational resources and advancements in turbulent flow modelling, it is now possible to simulate highly complex flow structures. Here turbulent swirling flow induced by guide vanes is studied using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations in a two-dimensional axisymmetric channel. The results for the variation of velocity components are compared with the work of an earlier research. The results are initially compared for the evaluation of best discretisation scheme. It was observed that the second-order and third-order schemes produced similar results. To simulate the turbulent flow two equations (k-ε) model and the five equations Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) are used. The comparison of both models with higher order discretisation schemes shows that the standard k-ε model is incapable of predicting the main features of the flow whilst RSM yields result close to the experimental data.
Effect of vacuum thermal annealing to encapsulated graphene field effect transistors
Authors: Alexandrou Konstantinos , Farmakis Filippos , Arapis Alexandros , Georgoulas Nikolaos , Hao Yufeng , Hone James , Kymissis Ioannis
Published: May 2016

Water vapor barriers used for graphene encapsulation can both exclude water from the environment and trap water in the device, preventing annealing from improving device performance. In this paper, the authors investigate the effects of vacuum annealing on encapsulated single layer graphene field effect transistors (SLG-FETs). The stability of GFETs is monitored for a period of up to six months, and different annealing times and atmospheres are tested to recover lost electronic performance. Fabricated encapsulated devices based on a parylene-C/aluminum passivation layers offer increased stability over exposed back-gated devices, but still suffer from a significant Dirac point shift over extended air exposure. Our results show that GFETs subjected to varying annealing times exhibit similar initial behavior, characterized by a substantial reduction of their doping profile due to desorption of oxygen/water molecules, but drastically different long term stability. This suggests that moderate vacuum annealing can dehydrate even encapsulated devices, whereas extended annealing times can damage the encapsulation layer.
What Is This “White” in the White Male Student-Athlete?: White Students’ Perceptions of Academic and Athletic Success on Campus
Authors: Lawrence Suzanne M. , Harrison Carlton K. , Bukstein Scott
Published: May 2016

In recent years, sport sociologists have increased their examination of the prevalence of whiteness dynamics in sport (Lawrence, 2013; McDonald & Toglia, 2010; Travers, 2011). The purpose of this study was to examine White college students’ perceptions (N = 190) regarding the academic and athletic success of a White male college football player. The photo-elicitation methodological technique was used, and whiteness theories (Dyer, 1997) were applied to the participants’ perceptions. The following four major themes emerged from the results: a) Privileged College Athlete; b) Proud; c) Worked Extremely Hard; and d) Very Intelligent & Successful. Practical implications of this study are highlighted, and future directions for researchers and practitioners are suggested.
Finish Lines, Not Finish Times: Making Meaning of the “Marathon Maniacs”
Authors: Cohen Diana T. , Hanold Maylon Turner
Published: May 2016

This paper examines how marathoners develop multiple and diverse subjectivities within this distance running space. Specifically, we engage in a case study and critically explore the various ways that a small but growing running group called the “Marathon Maniacs” positions itself within the marathon community. Drawing on Bourdieu’s (1984, 1986, 1990) interdependent concepts of field, habitus, and capital, we uncover the multiple and complex ways that legitimate marathon bodies are constructed within this group. We untangle how the Maniacs negotiate beliefs prominently held in the larger marathon community, revealing how some beliefs are reappropriated in Maniac culture. Further, we critically analyze the forms of capital that are privileged within the Marathon Maniacs, identifying how these practices serve to distinguish and classify Maniacs as distance runners (Bourdieu, 1986, 1990; Krais, 2006).
Goal-Directed Self-Talk Interventions: A Single-Case Study With an Elite Athlete
Authors: Latinjak Alexander Tibor , Font-Lladó Raquel , Zourbanos Nikos , Hatzigeorgiadis Antonis
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this single-case study was to describe a goal-directed self-talk (ST) intervention with an elite athlete. The participant was a 36-year-old elite orienteerer, who declared himself to be continuously engaged in some sort of autonomous self-dialogue. During six sessions, we undertook an intervention which started with identifying variety of relevant problematic sport situations and goal-directed ST in them. Subsequently, through questioning, the original ST was challenged and alternative instructions were theoretically examined before putting them into practice. The participant valued highly the intervention process and its outcomes. Overall, the study provides preliminary evidence on the effectiveness of goal-directed ST interventions and encourages research to further explore their potential.
The 4E-BP–eIF4E axis promotes rapamycin-sensitive growth and proliferation in lymphocytes
Authors: So Lomon , Lee Jongdae , Palafox Miguel , Mallya Sharmila , Woxland Chaz G. , Arguello Meztli , Truitt Morgan L. , Sonenberg Nahum , Ruggero Davide , Fruman David A.
Published: May 2016

Lymphocyte reliance on 4E-BP2 and eIF4E for growth and proliferation underlies their exquisite sensitivity to the drug rapamycin.
New connections: From virtual screening to biological reality
Authors: Gough Nancy R.
Published: May 2016

Screening compounds by computer modeling reveals endogenous signaling molecules and potential therapeutic avenues.
Swelling to attract leukocytes
Authors: Wong Wei
Published: May 2016

Nuclear swelling triggers the production of chemoattractants to recruit leukocytes to injured or dead tissue.
Endovascular treatment of posterior condylar canal dural arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Maus Volker , Söderman Michael , Rodesch Georges , Kabbasch Christoph , Mpotsaris Anastasios
Published: May 2016

Posterior condylar canal dural arteriovenous fistulas (PCC DAVFs) are rare lesions that may present with pulse-synchronous bruit. In cases with venous reflux there is a risk of haemorrhage or even dementia. Diagnosis and endovascular treatment require a profound knowledge of the vascular anatomy of the craniocervical junction and comprehensive neurovascular imaging. We describe the clinical presentation, angiographic imaging and endovascular treatment of a PCC DAVF in a female patient with pulse-synchronous bruit as the presenting symptom. The fistula drained almost exclusively into the sigmoid sinus and internal jugular vein. There was no intracranial reflux. The PCC DAVF was treated with transvenous coil occlusion of the fistulous pouch in the condylar canal. Symptoms resolved immediately after intervention and the patient recovered quickly without any neurological deficits. MR angiography confirmed occlusion of the DAVF. The dural sinus was patent with normal blood flow.
Tension pneumothorax due to perforated colon
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad , Stonelake Paul
Published: May 2016

A very rare case of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is reported in a 65-year-old woman who presented 46 years after her initial thoracoabdominal injury with tension faecopneumothorax caused by a perforated colon in the chest cavity. She presented in a critical condition with severe respiratory distress, sepsis and acute kidney injury. She had a long-standing history of bronchial asthma with respiratory complications and had experienced progressive shortness of breath for the past year. A recent CT scan had excluded the presence of a diaphragmatic hernia but showed a significantly raised left hemidiaphragm. On admission, chest X-rays showed a significantly raised left hemidiaphragm and mediastinal shift, but the possibility of a diaphragmatic hernia with strangulated bowel in the chest was not suspected until the patient was reviewed by the surgical and intensive care unit consultants the next morning and a repeat CT performed. She had a successful outcome after her emergency operation.
No selection for greater size in an introduced grass invading semiarid grassland
Authors: Hansen Malin J. , Wilson Scott D.
Published: May 2016

Exotic species are often planted for restoration or to enhance production. Populations that expand from plantings may undergo selection in directions that differ from those produced by artificial selection prior to planting. Here, we test whether a highly productive grass, Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn., introduced to the semiarid Great Plains of North America, evolves during invasion from seeded fields into native grassland. We grew individuals of A. cristatum from six seeded populations and 12 invading populations in 12 common gardens separated by 0.5–12 km for two growing seasons. Contrary to expectations, individuals from invading populations did not have significantly greater tiller number or growth (increase in tiller number) than did individuals from seeded populations, suggesting that they have not undergone evolution towards increased invasion ability through increased size or growth. Instead, there was a general trend for individuals from invading populations to have lower growth rates and fewer tillers when grown without neighbours. Large size or high growth rates arising from artificial selection prior to introduction may be disadvantageous to populations invading semiarid grassland on dry, nutrient-poor soils. In this case, evolution may have resulted in convergence between the relatively large planted species and the smaller native species.
Explosive pollen release, stigma receptivity, and pollen dispersal pattern ofBoehmeria caudataSw. (Urticaceae) in a Brazilian rain forest
Authors: Montoya-Pfeiffer Paula Maria , Kevan Peter G. , González-Chaves Adrian , Queiroz Elisa Pereira , Dec Enderlei
Published: May 2016

Male flowers of the wind-pollinated, dioecious shrub Boehmeria caudata Sw. release pollen explosively, possibly stimulated by anther dehydration in response to temporarily dry conditions coupled with hydrostatic pressure in the filament. In the Brazilian Atlantic rain forest, the daily frequency of male flower anthesis peaked between 1000–1200 h (GMT −3) and was positively correlated with rising temperature, wind currents, and direct insolation, but negatively correlated with relative humidity. A generalized linear mixed model predicts the probability of pollen release under different conditions of relative humidity and wind. Receptive stigmas on female flowers were found at any time of day: individual stigmas were receptive (H2O2test) for at least two days. Beetles and halictid bees were observed feeding on pollen from staminate flowers, but probably did not affect pollination because they did not seem to visit pistillate flowers. Individual plants of this apparently ruderal species grow along road edges and show aggregated (clumped) spatial dispersion. The overall sex ratio we found was 29 females to 43 males, with one monoecious plant in a total transect distance of 6319 m. Pollen traps were placed on the female plants to measure pollen arrival. Pollen capture was higher on the more exposed road-facing side and positively related to male plant density.
Variation in reciprocal subsidies between lakes and land: perspectives from the mountains of California
Authors: Piovia-Scott Jonah , Sadro Steven , Knapp Roland A. , Sickman James , Pope Karen L. , Chandra Sudeep
Published: May 2016

Lakes are connected to surrounding terrestrial habitats by reciprocal flows of energy and nutrients. We synthesize data from California’s mountain lake catchments to investigate how these reciprocal subsidies change along an elevational gradient and with the introduction of a top aquatic predator. At lower elevations, well-developed terrestrial vegetation provides relatively large inputs of organic material to lakes, whereas at higher elevations, the paucity of terrestrial vegetation provides minimal organic input but allows for higher inputs of inorganic nitrogen. There are also pronounced elevational patterns in amphibians and aquatic insects, which represent important vectors for resource flows from lakes back to land. The introduction of trout can reduce this lake-to-land resource transfer, as trout consume amphibians and aquatic insects. We propose a conceptual model in which within-lake processes influence terrestrial consumers at higher elevations, while terrestrial inputs govern within-lake processes at lower elevations. This model contributes to a more general understanding of the connections between aquatic and terrestrial habitats in complex landscapes.
High prevalence of blaVIM-1 gene in bacteria from Brazilian soil
Authors: Pitondo-Silva André , Devechio Beatriz Baptistella , Moretto Jéssica Aparecida Silva , Stehling Eliana Guedes
Published: May 2016

This study investigated bacteria from soil samples to (i) determine the main bacterial genera and species having resistance to carbapenem and other β-lactams and (ii) establish if the mechanism of resistance was due to the production of metallo-β-lactamases. The isolates were characterized by PCR for metallo-β-lactamases and integrons, by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and by sequencing. The antimicrobial profile of 40 imipenem-resistant Gram-positive soil isolates from all Brazilian regions demonstrated that 31 (77.5%) of them were multidrug resistant. Among the 40 isolates, 19 presented the blaVIM gene and class 1 integrons by PCR. Six of the 19 isolates were identified as Paenibacillus sp., 12 as Bacillus sp., and just 1 was classified as Staphylococcus sp., by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. These results suggest that bacteria from soil can act as a source of blaVIM-1 genes, representing a threat to public health.
Occurrence of synchronized flow due to overtaking strategy in the Nagel–Schreckenberg model
Authors: Su Zhu , Deng Weibing , Han Jihui , Li Wei , Cai Xu
Published: May 2016

The Nagel–Schreckenberg model with overtaking strategy (NSOS) is proposed, and numerical simulations are performed for both closed and open boundary conditions. The fundamental diagram, space-time diagram and spatial-temporal distribution of speed are investigated. In order to identify the synchronized flow state, both the correlation functions (autocorrelation and cross-correlation) and the one-minute average flow rate versus density diagram are studied. All the results verify that synchronized flow does occur in our model.
Electromagnetic energy harvesting and density sensor application based on perfect metamaterial absorber
Authors: Bakir Mehmet , Karaaslan Muharrem , Dincer Furkan , Akgol Oguzhan , Sabah Cumali
Published: May 2016

The proposed study presents an electromagnetic (EM) energy harvesting and density sensor application based on a perfect metamaterial absorber (MA) in microwave frequency regime. In order to verify the absorption behavior of the structure, its absorption behavior is experimentally tested along with the energy harvesting and sensing abilities. The absorption value is experimentally found 0.9 at the resonance frequency of 4.75 GHz. In order to harvest the EM energy, chips resistors are used. In addition, the suggested model is analyzed for its dependency on polarization angles. The results show that the perfect MA can be easily and efficiently used for EM energy harvesting applications. Moreover, as an additional feature of the model, we also realized a density sensor application. It can be seen that this structure can be used as a multi-functional device and configured for many other sensing applications.
First-principles study of nitrogen and carbon monoxide adsorptions on silicene
Authors: Zhong Shuying , Ning Fanghua , Rao Fengya , Lei Xueling , Wu Musheng , Zhou Lang
Published: May 2016

Atomic adsorptions of N, C and O on silicene and molecular adsorptions of N2 and CO on silicene have been investigated using the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. For the atomic adsorptions, we find that the N atom has the most stable adsorption with a higher adsorption energy of 8.207 eV. For the molecular adsorptions, we find that the N2 molecule undergoes physisorption while the CO molecule undergoes chemisorption, the corresponding adsorption energies for N2 and CO are 0.085 and 0.255 eV, respectively. Therefore, silicene exhibits more reactivity towards the CO adsorption than the N2 adsorption. The differences of charge density and the integrated charge calculations suggest that the charge transfer for CO adsorption ([Formula: see text]0.015[Formula: see text]) is larger than that for N2 adsorption ([Formula: see text]0.005[Formula: see text]). This again supports that CO molecule is more active than N2 molecule when they are adsorbed onto silicene.
Local Convergence and the Dynamics of a Two-Step Newton-Like Method
Authors: Argyros Ioannis K. , Magreñán Á. Alberto
Published: May 2016

We present the local convergence analysis and the study of the dynamics of a two-step Newton-like method in order to approximate a locally unique solution of multiplicity one of a nonlinear equation.
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of a Network of Coupled Time-Delay Digital Tanlock Loops
Authors: Paul Bishwajit , Banerjee Tanmoy , Sarkar B. C.
Published: May 2016

The time-delay digital tanlock loop (TDTLs) is an important class of phase-locked loop that is widely used in electronic communication systems. Although nonlinear dynamics of an isolated TDTL has been studied in the past but the collective behavior of TDTLs in a network is an important topic of research and deserves special attention as in practical communication systems separate entities are rarely isolated. In this paper, we carry out the detailed analysis and numerical simulations to explore the spatiotemporal dynamics of a network of a one-dimensional ring of coupled TDTLs with nearest neighbor coupling. The equation representing the network is derived and we carry out analytical calculations using the circulant matrix formalism to obtain the stability criteria. An extensive numerical simulation reveals that with the variation of gain parameter and coupling strength the network shows a variety of spatiotemporal dynamics such as frozen random pattern, pattern selection, spatiotemporal intermittency and fully developed spatiotemporal chaos. We map the distinct dynamical regions of the system in two-parameter space. Finally, we quantify the spatiotemporal dynamics by using quantitative measures like Lyapunov exponent and the average quadratic deviation of the full network.
Hopf and Generalized Hopf Bifurcations in a Recurrent Autoimmune Disease Model
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Yu Pei
Published: May 2016

This paper is concerned with bifurcation and stability in an autoimmune model, which was established to study an important phenomenon — blips arising from such models. This model has two equilibrium solutions, disease-free equilibrium and disease equilibrium. The positivity of the solutions of the model and the global stability of the disease-free equilibrium have been proved. In this paper, we particularly focus on Hopf bifurcation which occurs from the disease equilibrium. We present a detailed study on the use of center manifold theory and normal form theory, and derive the normal form associated with Hopf bifurcation, from which the approximate amplitude of the bifurcating limit cycles and their stability conditions are obtained. Particular attention is also paid to the bifurcation of multiple limit cycles arising from generalized Hopf bifurcation, which may yield bistable phenomenon involving equilibrium and oscillating motion. This result may explain some complex dynamical behavior in real biological systems. Numerical simulations are compared with the analytical predictions to show a very good agreement.
Coexistence of Multiple Attractors and Crisis Route to Chaos in a Novel Chaotic Jerk Circuit
Authors: Kengne J. , Njitacke Z. T. , Nguomkam Negou A. , Fouodji Tsostop M. , Fotsin H. B.
Published: May 2016

In this paper, a novel autonomous RC chaotic jerk circuit is introduced and the corresponding dynamics is systematically investigated. The circuit consists of opamps, resistors, capacitors and a pair of semiconductor diodes connected in anti-parallel to synthesize the nonlinear component necessary for chaotic oscillations. The model is described by a continuous time three-dimensional autonomous system with hyperbolic sine nonlinearity, and may be viewed as a linear transformation of model MO15 previously introduced in [Sprott, 2010]. The structure of the equilibrium points and the discrete symmetries of the model equations are discussed. The bifurcation analysis indicates that chaos arises via the usual paths of period-doubling and symmetry restoring crisis. One of the key contributions of this work is the finding of a region in the parameter space in which the proposed (“elegant”) jerk circuit exhibits the unusual and striking feature of multiple attractors (i.e. coexistence of four disconnected periodic and chaotic attractors). Laboratory experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Chaotic Behavior of a Generalized Sprott E Differential System
Authors: Oliveira Regilene , Valls Claudia
Published: May 2016

A chaotic system with only one equilibrium, a stable node-focus, was introduced by Wang and Chen [2012]. This system was found by adding a nonzero constant [Formula: see text] to the Sprott E system [Sprott, 1994]. The coexistence of three types of attractors in this autonomous system was also considered by Braga and Mello [2013]. Adding a second parameter to the Sprott E differential system, we get the autonomous system [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] are parameters and [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we consider theoretically some global dynamical aspects of this system called here the generalized Sprott E differential system. This polynomial differential system is relevant because it is the first polynomial differential system in [Formula: see text] with two parameters exhibiting, besides the point attractor and chaotic attractor, coexisting stable limit cycles, demonstrating that this system is truly complicated and interesting. More precisely, we show that for [Formula: see text] sufficiently small this system can exhibit two limit cycles emerging from the classical Hopf bifurcation at the equilibrium point [Formula: see text]. We also give a complete description of its dynamics on the Poincaré sphere at infinity by using the Poincaré compactification of a polynomial vector field in [Formula: see text], and we show that it has no first integrals in the class of Darboux functions.
Invariant Spectra in N-Coupled Standard Maps
Authors: Livadiotis George
Published: May 2016

This paper examines the evolution of the dynamical spectra of stretching numbers in a system of [Formula: see text]-coupled Standard Maps. It is found that the convergence rate of the spectra to their invariant forms is independent of the dimensionality 2[Formula: see text] and the nonlinearity/coupling parameters. This rate is impressively faster than one could predict on the basis of ergodicity. This effect is probably associated with the manifold of the maximum Lyapunov exponent along which the main stretching occurs. It seems that dynamical spectra depend mainly on the dramatically smaller subspace defined by this unstable manifold.
Melnikov Chaos in a Modified Rayleigh–Duffing Oscillator with ϕ6 Potential
Authors: Miwadinou C. H. , Monwanou A. V. , Hinvi L. A. , Koukpemedji A. A. , Ainamon C. , Chabi Orou J. B.
Published: May 2016

The chaotic behavior of the modified Rayleigh–Duffing oscillator with [Formula: see text] potential and external excitation is investigated both analytically and numerically. The so-called oscillator models, for example, ship rolling motions. The single well and triple well potential cases are considered. Melnikov method is applied and the conditions for the existence of homoclinic and heteroclinic chaos are obtained. The effects of nonlinear damping on roll motion of ships are analyzed in detail. As it is known, nonlinear roll damping is a very important parameter in estimating ship responses. It is noted that the pure and unpure quadratic damping parameters affect the Melnikov criterion in the heteroclinic and homoclinic cases respectively while the pure cubic parameter affects the amplitude in both cases. The predictions have been tested with numerical simulations based on the basin of attraction. It is pointed out that certain quadratic damping effects are contrary to cubic damping effect.
A Stream Encryption Scheme with Both Key and Plaintext Avalanche Effects for Designing Chaos-Based Pseudorandom Number Generator with Application to Image Encryption
Authors: Han Dandan , Min Lequan , Chen Guanrong
Published: May 2016

Based on a stream encryption scheme with avalanche effect (SESAE), a stream encryption scheme with both key avalanche effect and plaintext avalanche effect (SESKPAE) is introduced. Using this scheme and an ideal [Formula: see text]-word ([Formula: see text]-segment) pseudorandom number generator (PRNG), a plaintext can be encrypted such that each bit of the ciphertext block has a change with the probable probability of [Formula: see text] when any word of the key is changed or any bit of the plaintext is changed. To that end, a novel four-dimensional discrete chaotic system (4DDCS) is proposed. Combining the 4DDCS with a generalized synchronization (GS) theorem, a novel eight-dimensional discrete GS chaotic system (8DDGSCS) is constructed. Using the 8DDGSCS, a [Formula: see text]-word chaotic pseudorandom number generator (CPRNG) is designed. The keyspace of the [Formula: see text]-word CPRNG is larger than [Formula: see text]. Then, the FIPS 140-2 test suit/generalized FIPS 140-2 test suit is used to test the randomness of the 1000-key streams consisting of 20[Formula: see text]000 bits generated by the [Formula: see text]-word CPRNG, the RC4 algorithm PRNG and the ZUC algorithm PRNG, respectively. The test results show that for the three PRNGs, there are 100%/98.9%, 99.9%/98.8%, 100%/97.9% key streams passing the tests, respectively. Furthermore, the SP800-22 test suite is used to test the randomness of four 100-key streams consisting of 1000[Formula: see text]000 bits generated by four PRNGs, respectively. The numerical results show that the randomness performances of the [Formula: see text]-word CPRNG is promising, showing that there are no significant correlations between the key streams and the perturbed key streams generated via the [Formula: see text]-word CPRNG. Finally, using the [Formula: see text]-word CPRNG and the SESKPAE to encrypt two gray-scale images, test results demonstrate that the [Formula: see text]-word CPRNG is able to generate both key avalanche effect and plaintext avalanche effect, which are similar to those generated via an ideal CPRNG, and performs better than other comparable schemes.
Solution sets for equations over free groups are EDT0L languages
Authors: Ciobanu Laura , Diekert Volker , Elder Murray
Published: May 2016

We show that, given an equation over a finitely generated free group, the set of all solutions in reduced words forms an effectively constructible EDT0L language. In particular, the set of all solutions in reduced words is an indexed language in the sense of Aho. The language characterization we give, as well as further questions about the existence or finiteness of solutions, follow from our explicit construction of a finite directed graph which encodes all the solutions. Our result incorporates the recently invented recompression technique of Jeż, and a new way to integrate solutions of linear Diophantine equations into the process. As a byproduct of our techniques, we improve the complexity from quadratic nondeterministic space in previous works to [Formula: see text] here.
(Co)homology of cyclic monoids
Authors: Calvo-Cervera M. , Cegarra A. M.
Published: May 2016

Leech’s (co)homology groups of finite cyclic monoids are computed.
CARBON NANOTUBES FUNCTIONALIZED WITH METAL NANOPARTICLES ON THE SURFACE FOR DIRECTIONAL ARRANGEMENT
Authors: SHI XIAOHONG , QI LEHUA , HU XIAOJUN , LIANG JUNHAO
Published: May 2016

In order to arrange directionally, multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are functionalized with ferromagnetic cobalt on the surface via the electroless plating method. The uniform and continuous cobalt coating was received in pH [Formula: see text] 9 at 45[Formula: see text]C for 30[Formula: see text]min. It is found that the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups could be successfully introduced on the surface of raw MWCNTs after treated in boiling nitric acid that would provide the active points for cobalt deposition. The diameters of the cobalt (Co)-coated MWCNTs increase to 20–50[Formula: see text]nm from 8–15[Formula: see text]nm of purified ones. As a result of nanoscale cobalt coating, MWCNTs show strong ferromagnetism at room temperature. The Co-coated MWCNT respond to magnetic field susceptibly in the distilled water and arrange themselves in the direction of the applied magnetic field up to 1[Formula: see text]T. The hysteresis curve results show that the coercivity of Co-MWCNTs is 1285.2 Oe, which is about four times that of cobalt powder itself.
Mappings between R-tors and other lattices
Authors: Rincón-Mejía Hugo Alberto , Sandoval-Miranda Martha Lizbeth Shaid , Zorrilla-Noriega Manuel Gerardo
Published: May 2016

In this paper, some mappings to and from R-tors are introduced, and sufficient (or necessary) conditions for their being lattice isomorphisms are established.
Non-weight modules over the Heisenberg–Virasoro algebra and the W algebra W(2,2)
Authors: Chen Hongjia , Guo Xiangqian
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we construct and study some non-weight modules for the Heisenberg–Virasoro algebra and the [Formula: see text] algebra [Formula: see text]. We determine the modules, whose restriction to the universal enveloping algebra of the degree-[Formula: see text] part (modulo center) are free of rank [Formula: see text] for these two algebras. In the most interesting case, this degree-[Formula: see text] part is not the Cartan subalgebra. We also determine the simplicity of these modules, which provide new simple modules for the [Formula: see text] algebra [Formula: see text].
Linking Forest to Faucets in a Distant Municipal Area: Public Support for Forest Restoration and Water Security in Albuquerque, New Mexico
Authors: Adhikari Dadhi , Thacher Jennifer A. , Chermak Janie M. , Berrens Robert P.
Published: May 2016

Reducing wildfire risk through forest restoration is vital for the sustainability of watersheds and the human systems that depend upon them. However, identifying public support and securing necessary funding to cover restoration costs is an important implementation challenge. Payment for ecosystem services models may help meet restoration objectives. While examples exist that show how funds can be generated from the public living near forestlands, an unresolved issue is whether households in a relatively distant municipal area would significantly support wildfire risk reduction efforts. This is an important issue as distant households often receive benefits from wildfire risk reductions, such as water source protection for municipal drinking water supply. The objective of this paper is to analyze survey-based contingent valuation data to investigate public support among urban Albuquerque, New Mexico (NM) households for restoration of a watershed that impacts the urban water supply security, but is spatially removed from the urban area. Econometric results show evidence of both significant public support for forest restoration-linking forests to faucets- and the importance of accounting for respondent uncertainty. The latter involves both: (i) uncertainty in the preferences for water security as an important collectively provided good (“preference uncertainty”); and (ii) uncertainty in the possibility that restoration activities across a forested landscape or watershed might actually deliver improved water security (“delivery uncertainty”). Econometric estimation results from a Double Hurdle model indicate a mean annual household willingness to pay (WTP) of US$[Formula: see text]64.44 (with a 95% of confidence interval of US$[Formula: see text]61.57–US$[Formula: see text]67.31), and corresponding median WTP of US$[Formula: see text]37.76 (US$[Formula: see text]36.16–US$[Formula: see text]39.37), for forest restoration that reduces wildfire risk and provides water source protection.
Growth, Water Resilience, and Sustainability: A DSGE Model Applied to South Africa
Authors: Li Chuan-Zhong , Swain Ranjula Bali
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we develop a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model to study how water resilience affects economic growth and dynamic welfare with special reference to South Africa. While water may become a limiting factor for future development in general, as a drought prone and water poor country with rapid population growth, South Africa may face more serious challenges for sustainable development. Analyzing the DSGE model, we conduct numerical simulations for different parameter configurations with varying discount rate, climate change scenario, and the degree of uncertainty in future precipitation. We find that with sufficient capital accumulation, development may still be sustainable despite increased future water scarcity and decreased long-run sustainable welfare. While stochastic variation in precipitation has a negative effect on water resilience and the expected dynamic welfare, the effect is mitigated by persistence in the precipitation pattern. With heavier time discounting and lower capital formation, however, the current welfare may not be sustained.
On Faults in the Drift-gravel at Hitchin, Herts
Authors: Salter J. W.
Published: May 2016

At Hitchin there is an admirable section laid open by the deep cliff-cutting of the Great Northern Railway, which exhibits faults affecting both chalk and an old gravel which, thanks to the investigations of Mr. Seeley (in Cambridgeshire) and the independent research of Mr. Thomas McKenny Hughes (nearer Hertford), I am enabled to refer to the Boulder-clay period.

There is no ambiguity in this section. The chalk rises from the railway-level in bold cliffs, 60 or 70 feet high, capped here by chalk-drift, and there by fine, yellowish, stratified gravel—the latter in certain spots,
e. g.
the lime-kilns, coming down almost to the level of the road, and again rising up to near the top of the cliff. The beds of chalk undulate a good deal; and the older gravel follows its curves into curious depressed spaces, both north and south of the station. These depressions are, as the section will show, due not to erosion, but to faults.

The upper gravel, which fills pipes in the chalk, and everywhere caps both chalk and drift, is much more varied in its composition than the lower and older gravel; often it is a chalk-rubble, especially along the higher ground, but interstratified with gravelly loam, full of broken and worn chalk-flint. More commonly it is a darker-coloured, yellow, gravelly clay or loam; and in this latter condition it may be seen in the large deserted gravel-pit just south of the bridge for the high road from Hitchin, south of the station. Close
Obstacle-Avoiding Wind Turbine Placement for Power Loss and Wake Effect Optimization
Authors: Wu Yu-Wei , Shi Yiyu , Roy Sudip , Ho Tsung-Yi
Published: May 2016

As finite energy resources are being consumed at faster rate than they can be replaced, renewable energy resources have drawn extensive attention. Wind power development is one such example growing significantly throughout the world. The main difficulty in wind power development is that wind turbines interfere with each other. The produced turbulence—wake effect—directly reduces the power generation. In addition, wirelength of the collection network among wind turbines is not merely an economic factor; it also decides power loss on the wind farm. Moreover, in reality, obstacles (buildings, lakes, etc.) exist on the wind farm, which are unavoidable. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, none of the existing works consider wake effect, wirelength, and avoidance of obstacles all together in the wind turbine placement problem. In this article, we propose an analytical method to obtain the obstacle-avoiding placement of wind turbines, thus minimizing both power loss and wake effect. We also propose a postprocessing method to fine-tune the solution obtained from the analytical method to find a better solution. Simulation results show that our tool is 12x faster than the state-of-the-art industrial tool AWS OpenWind and 203x faster than the state-of-the-art academic tool TDA with almost the same produced power.
Intake of branched-chain or essential amino acids attenuates the elevation in muscle levels of PGC-1α4 mRNA caused by resistance exercise
Authors: Samuelsson Hedvig , Moberg Marcus , Apró William , Ekblom Björn , Blomstrand Eva
Published: May 2016

The transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC)-1α is recognized as the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. However, recently a novel isoform, PGC-1α4, that specifically regulates muscle hypertrophy was discovered. Because stimulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity is tightly coupled to hypertrophy, we hypothesized that activation of this pathway would upregulate PGC-1α4. Eight male subjects performed heavy resistance exercise (10 × 8–12 repetitions at ∼75% of 1 repetition maximum in leg press) on four different occasions, ingesting in random order a solution containing essential amino acids (EAA), branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), leucine, or flavored water (placebo) during and after the exercise. Biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle before and immediately after exercise, as well as following 90 and 180 min of recovery. Signaling through mTORC1, as reflected in p70S6 kinase phosphorylation, was stimulated to a greater extent by the EAA and BCAA than the leucine or placebo supplements. Unexpectedly, intake of EAA or BCAA attenuated the stimulatory effect of exercise on PGC-1α4 expression by ∼50% (from a 10- to 5-fold increase with BCAA and EAA, P < 0.05) 3 h after exercise, whereas intake of leucine alone did not reduce this response. The 60% increase ( P < 0.05) in the level of PGC-1α1 mRNA 90 min after exercise was uninfluenced by amino acid intake. Muscle glycogen levels were reduced and AMP-activated protein kinase α2 activity and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase enhanced to the same extent with all four supplements. In conclusion, induction of PGC-1α4 does not appear to regulate the nutritional (BCAA or EAA)-mediated activation of mTORC1 in human muscle.
Clinicopathological Profile of Pure Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Esophagus: A South Indian Center Experience
Authors: Babu Kanakasetty Govind , Dasappa Loknatha , Lakshmaiah Kuntegowdanahalli Chinnagiriyappa , Kamath Mangesh , Jacob Linu Abraham , Mallekavu Suresh Babu , Rajeev Lakkavalli Krishnappa , Haleshappa Rudresha Antapura , Kadabur Nagendrappa Lokesh , Saldanha Smitha Carol , Kumar Rekha V.
Published: May 2016

Purpose. Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the esophagus are very uncommon with only a few studies published worldwide. Studies on clinical profile, management, and outcomes are very uncommon.Methods. We report the largest single institution retrospective review of 43 patients of pure esophageal NENs out of our registry of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors treated between 2005 and 2014. Data on the incidence, tumor location, clinical symptoms, stage at presentation, grading, treatment protocol, and treatment outcomes was collected and analyzed.Results. Among 1293 cases of esophageal cancers, pure esophageal NENs were diagnosed in 43 cases. The mean patient age was 55.8 years. The male : female ratio was 1.5 : 1. 81.4% of the tumors were located in the lower third of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction. Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC; G3) accounted for the vast majority of NENs (83.7%). 53.5% patients were Stage IV and 32.5% were Stage III at presentation. The combined median survival of stages II and III patients was 18.25 months, with treatment. The median survival of treated patients with metastatic disease was 6.5 months.Conclusion. Esophageal NENs most commonly were neuroendocrine carcinomas, presented in metastatic stage and were associated with poor prognosis. Grade 2 (G2) tumors had better outcomes than NEC (G3). In nonmetastatic disease, presence of lymph node metastasis and unresectable disease had poorer outcomes.
Cognitive MIMO Frequency Diverse Array Radar with High LPI Performance
Authors: Huang Ling , Gao Kuandong , He Zhiming , Cai Jingye
Published: May 2016

Frequency diverse array (FDA) has its unique advantage in realizing low probability of intercept (LPI) technology for its dependent beam pattern. In this paper, we proposed a cognitive radar based on the frequency diverse array multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). To implement LPI of FDA MIMO transmit signals, a scheme for array weighting design is proposed, which is to minimize the energy of the target location and maximize the energy of the receiver. This is based on the range dependent characteristics of the frequency diverse array transmit beam pattern. To realize the objective problem, the algorithm is proposed as follows: the second-order nonconvex optimization problem is converted into a convex problem and solved by the bisection method and convex optimization. To get the information of target, the FDA MIMO radar is proposed to estimate the target parameters. Simulation results show that the proposed approach is effective in decreasing the detection probability of radar with lossless detection performance of the receive signal.
Multisystem Radiologic Manifestations of Erdheim-Chester Disease
Authors: Lodhi Umairullah , Sarmast Uzair , Khan Saadullah , Yaddanapudi Kavitha
Published: May 2016

Erdheim-Chester Disease is a rare form of multiorgan non-Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis that affects individuals between the ages of 50 and 70 with an equal distribution among males and females. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality that is mostly due to infiltration of critical organs. Some of the sites that Erdheim-Chester Disease affects include the skeletal system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, lungs, kidneys (retroperitoneum), and skin. The most common presenting symptom of Erdheim-Chester Disease is bone pain although a large majority of patients are diagnosed incidentally during a workup for a different disease process. Diagnosing Erdheim-Chester Disease is challenging due its rarity and mimicry to other infiltrative processes. Therefore, a multimodality diagnostic approach is employed with imaging being at the forefront. As of date, a comprehensive radiologic review of the manifestations of Erdheim-Chester Disease has rarely been reported. Here we present radiologic findings of an individual suffering from Erdheim-Chester Disease.
A Fatal Case of Necrotizing Fasciitis Caused by a Highly VirulentEscherichia coliStrain
Authors: Bekal Sadjia , Vincent André , Lin Alex , Harel Josée , Côté Jean-Charles , Tremblay Cécile
Published: May 2016

Necrotizing fasciitis is a serious disease characterized by the necrosis of the subcutaneous tissues and fascia.E. colias the etiologic agent of necrotizing fasciitis is a rare occurrence. A 66-year-old woman underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. She rapidly developed necrotizing fasciitis which led to her death 68 hours following surgery. AnE. colistrain was isolated from blood and fascia cultures. DNA microarray revealed the presence of 20 virulence genes.