bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿Transgredir el canon en el siglo XXI?
Authors: Achugar Hugo
Published: February 2019

Este ensayo plantea una propuesta acerca de la conformación del sistema de legitimación o canonización de la producción literaria como instrumento de análisis. Se parte de la idea de la conformación de lo que denomina “Aparatos Literarios de Canonización” (ALC) en la Modernidad y el surgimiento histórico del mercado. Al mismo tiempo se cuestiona la existencia de un único canon y se postula la de “múltiples y simultáneos canones”. Por otra parte, las previas argumentaciones llevan a reflexionar sobre la actual transformación de dichos ALC vinculada al impacto de Internet sobre el pensamiento crítico literario y el eventual desplazamiento de la centralidad de los tradicionales intelectuales o del aparato educativo. Por último, se discute este nuevo escenario en relación con la eventualidad de lo que significaría en el siglo XXI “transgredir el canon”.
Pranje
novca kao ekonomska dimenzija terorizma
Authors: Dinić Jelena
Published: February 2019

U
radu se prezentuje ekonomska dimenzija terorizma kroz analizu potreba
terorističkih organizacija za finansijskim sredstvima, moduli finasiranja
terorizma i veza sa pranjem novca. Finansijska sredstva predstavljaju jedan od
najvažnijih preduslova za održavanje infrastrukture terorističkih
organizacija i izvođenje terorističkih aktivnosti. Sredstva stečena legalnim
i ilegalnim putem pripadnici terorističkih organizacija tehnikama pranja novca
sprovode kroz finansijske sisteme, prikrivajući svrhu novca namenjenu za
organizovanje terorističkih napada. Zbog globalne prirode problema pranja
novca i finansiranja terorizma, preventivni mehanizmi obuhvataju saradnju
finansijskih, obaveštajnih službi i međunarodnih organizacija uz jačanje
nacionalnih institucija koje se bave navedenim problemom. Brojne smernice,
konvencije i preporuke novijeg datuma (u okviru EU, OUN, FATF) skreću pažnju
na potrebu detekcije terorističkih aktivnosti u pripremnoj fazi poput
putovanja (tranzita) terorista, finansiranja logističke podrške
terorističkih aktivnosti i nabavke naoružanja (eksplozivnih materija)
potrebnih za izvođenje napada.
Posebni
skrbnik za dijete u hrvatskom i njemačkom obiteljskopravnom sustavu
Authors: Rešetar Branka , Rupić Daniel
Published: February 2019

Potaknuta dugogodišnjim nastojanjima obiteljskopravnih
stručnjaka za

poboljšanjem procesnog položaja djeteta u obiteljskim sudskim postupcima,

reforma hrvatskog obiteljskog zakonodavstva iz 2015. godine je rezultirala

značajnim promjenama instituta posebnog skrbnika za dijete. Cilj hrvatskog

zakonodavca je bio kreirati zakonski okvir u kojemu će se procesna prava

djeteta zajamčena prijašnjim obiteljskopravnim propisima i međunarodnim

dokumentima u praksi hrvatskih sudova efikasno i ostvarivati. Polazeći od

povijesnog razvoja instituta posebnog skrbnika za dijete od 1947. godine do

danas u radu se ukazuje na ključne promjene ovog instituta koje su se događale

pod snažnim utjecajem međunarodne zaštite dječjih prava. U kontekstu važećeg

Obiteljskog zakona iz 2015. u radu se prikazuje novo uređenje instituta
posebnog

skrbnika za dijete nakon čega se pruža prikaz novog uređenje posebnog skrbnika za dijete i u njemačkom pravnom sustavu. Zaključno se ističu glavne razlike i sličnosti u hrvatskom i njemačkom uređenju instituta posebnog skrbnika za dijete sa zahtjevom za daljnja istraživanja efikasnosti novog uređenja.
Zatvor radi slamanja otpora u upravnokaznenom, odnosno prekršajnom pravu kao pravno sredstvo pokoravanja u svrhu ostvarivanja (u)pravnih dužnosti
Authors: Tratar Boštjan
Published: February 2019

Autor raspravlja o zatvoru radi slamanja otpora (njem. Beugehaft,
slo.

uklonilni zapor, engl. coercive detention) kao institutu, u prvom redu,

prekršajnog, odnosno upravno kaznenog prava, pri čemu polazi od temeljnog

zahtjeva svakoga pravnog poretka da se ako je to potrebno i na prinudan način

ostvaruje poštovanje upravno-pravnih dužnosti, odnosno cjelokupnoga pravnog

poretka. Zatvor radi slamanja otpora (oblik lišenja slobode izvan kaznenog

postupka) predstavlja vrstu represivnog pravnog sredstva, kojim bi trebali

u pravnom poretku postići ispunjenje/ostvarenje određene pravne obveze,

koja dobrovoljno nije bila ostvarena. Autor prije svega polazi od slovenskog

uređenja u prekršajnom pravu, koje je preuzelo institut zatvora radi slamanja

otpora iz njemačkoga prava. Bitno je da zatvor radi slamanja otpora (i nakon

izdržavanja) ne znači izvršenje globe (executio) kao prekršajne sankcije, nego

je riječ o utjecanju prinudnim sredstvima na počiniteljevu volju kako bi mu se

slomio otpor prema suprotstavljanju poštovanja neke pravne obveze/dužnosti.

Autor se u članku bavi i općenito represivnim pravnim sredstvima – pravnim

sredstvima radi slamanja otpora, a posebice i stajalištem u odluci Ustavnog

suda Slovenije u pogledu ustavnosti mjere zatvora radi slamanja otpora s

pravnim poretkom Republike Slovenije.
High piezoelectric sensitivity and hydrostatic figures of merit in unidirectional porous ferroelectric ceramics fabricated by freeze casting
Authors: Bowen Chris
Published: February 2019

High performance lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics with aligned porosity for sensing applications were fabricated by an ice-templating method. To demonstrate the enhanced properties of these materials and their potential for sensor and hydrophone applications, the piezoelectric voltage constants (g33 and g31), hydrostatic parameters (dh, gh, -d33/d31, dh·gh and dh·gh/tanδ) and AC conductivity as a function of the porosity in directions both parallel and perpendicular to the freezing temperature gradient were studied. As the porosity level was increased, PZT poled parallel to the freezing direction exhibited the highest dh, -d33/d31 and figures of merit dh·gh, dh·gh/tanδ compared to the dense and PZT poled perpendicular to the freezing direction. The gh, g33 and g31 coefficients were highest for the PZT poled perpendicular to the freezing direction; the gh was 150% to 850% times higher than dense PZT, and was attributed to the high piezoelectric activity and reduced permittivity in this orientation. This work demonstrates that piezoelectric ceramics produced with aligned pores by freeze casting are a promising candidate for a range of sensor applications and the polarisation orientation relative to the freezing direction can be used to tailor the microstructure and optimise sensitivity for sensor and hydrostatic transducer applications.
Principles of effective collaboration in agricultural development and research for impact.
Authors: Ndunguru Joseph , Tairo Fred , Boykin Laura M. , Sseruwagi Peter
Published: February 2019

This paper shares the experiences gained in the course of designing and implementing global partnerships, that have been key to building effective collaboration for impact in smallholder agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa. It describes 'principles of effective collaboration' and lists guidelines to capturing agricultural research project impacts.
Local Governance Restructuring in Nepal: From Government to Governmentality
Authors: Acharya Keshav K.
Published: February 2019

Local governments are the closest unit of the grassroots communities as they are not only undertaking to institutionalize the governance system and create enabling environment to promote the democratic values and public participation mainly from marginal section in decision making process, but also accelerate the economic development so that they enhance the peoples' capacity and enable them to influence the local governments representatives for responsive governance. However, Nepali society remains frustration and dissatisfaction at the citizen level, and dishonrization and dishonesty in the political and bureaucratic domain as these attributes have created the extreme risk to capacity development of the local governments. Against this perspective, the study aims to address a major research question: to what extent local governments are able to implement the constitutional granted exclusive and concurrent rights to transform the local communities, which is a consequence of governance shift from government to governmentality. Findings indicate that more capacity is required to institutionalize the restructuring process of local governance, increase citizen engagement in local governance system, build new partnerships in changing context, enhance technical, administrative, and fiscal capacity for effective service delivery, and formulate the essential laws, acts, and regulations. Nonetheless, some major arguments such effectiveness of local autonomy, political differences mainly identity based issues, productive role of outsiders, and democratization of bureaucratic assertiveness have been remained to be answered.
Critical Reflective Practice as an Approach to Developing Transformative Living-theory
Authors: Qutoshi Sadruddin Bahadur
Published: February 2019

This reflective paper aims to provide an opportunity to the readership in the field of transformative education in order to engage them with reflective practices as professional development approach. In academia, writing reflective papers, using multi-paradigmatic research design, for readers believing in post/positivist views is a challenging task. However, innovative editors of journals encourage to create new knowledge through un/conventional approaches. I used Jack Whitehead’s paper (i.e., the review of my doctoral study- Creating living-educational-theory: A journey towards transformative teacher education in Pakistan) and my own reflections as lived experiences to carry out this study. Moreover, I employed reflexivity as an approach to meaning making to serve the purpose of data analysis in this paper. The key findings of this study show that Jack Whitehead skillfully captures key learning outcomes of the doctoral study and synthesized some deep insights very precisely. He created a space for future researchers especially action researches and self-study practitioners to think about how to engage with multi-epistemic approaches in order to experience transformative learning. It is recommended to encourage reflective writings on un/conventional studies to develop a clear understanding of the existing state of teacher education and nature of the journey of transformative teacher education in the academia.
Impact on Marital and Sibling Relationships of Taiwanese Families Who Have a Child with a Disability
Authors: Huang Ying-Ting , Ososkie Joseph , Hsu Tsu-Hsuan
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine and describe whether having a child with mental retardation influences marital and sibling relationships within Taiwanese families. The outcomes of this study indicated that the majority of interviewees had an improved marital relationship after having a child with a disability. In addition, this study also demonstrated that the relative age of children without disabilities influenced interaction patterns between siblings with and without disabilities. Furthermore, the information obtained from research participants also illustrated that the general attitudes toward people with disabilities held by Taiwanese changed in a more positive direction. The results of this study can serve as a resource that may help special education teachers, rehabilitation service providers, social workers, and family counselors to gain a better understanding of the Taiwanese population.
Constructing Educational Resilience: The Developmental Trajectory of Vulnerable Taiwanese Youth
Authors: Pan En-Ling , Yi Chin-Chun
Published: February 2019

This study contends that the growth trajectory of disadvantaged youth does not need to follow the expected negative path. Diversified developmental patterns may be observed due to the resilience acquired in the process. To consider the cultural background of Taiwan, we selected five parent-youth dyads from economically poor families and explored possible mechanisms contributing to the educational success of children. Data are taken from in-depth interviews of Taiwan Youth Project (TYP). Drawing from memories of both parent and youth on how family practice and family relations contribute to resilience, we are able to document that educational resilience is the key to alter the negative developmental course. Among various individual and family strategies examined, parents’ high aspiration and expectation of children’s educational achievement is found to be the most pronounced factor leading to the positive outcome in terms of educational mobility. Analyzing the retrospective accounts of both generations, it is clear that parental expectation needs to be well perceived and accepted by children in order to achieve its goal. Furthermore, supportive parenting, actively monitoring children’s homework since young, and providing better educational resources are conducive to constructing educational resilience. The implication of shared educational norms across different social classes is briefly discussed.
Living Life in Two Worlds: Acculturative Stress among Asian International Graduate Student Parents and Spouses
Authors: Myers-Walls Judith A , Frias Larissa V , Kwon Kyong-Ah , Ko Mei-Ju Meryl , Lu Ting
Published: February 2019

This qualitative study examined the experiences of Asian international graduate students and spouses with children at a university in the U.S. Participants (n=31) from China, Korea, the Philippines, and Taiwan were interviewed regarding their stressors. Some stressors were identified in the answers of the group as a whole: (a) adjustment to a new culture; (b) feeling overwhelmed; (c) language difficulty; (d) feelings of isolation; (e) financial stress; and (f) marital stress. Stressors found only in the answers of the students were: (a) balancing multiple roles; (b) adjusting to the academic culture; (c) finding child care; and, among male students, d) worrying about the non-student spouse. Stressors unique to nonstudent spouses included: (a) loss of roles and status; (b) power imbalance in the couple relationships; and (c) feeling inadequate. Implications for research and practice with international graduate student parents/spouses are provided.
Ethnic Differences in the Living Arrangements of Children in South Africa
Authors: Sibanda Amson
Published: February 2019

This study examines ethnic variations in children’s living arrangements among black South Africans. Using data from the 1996 South African population and housing census and descriptive and multivariate analyses, I explore if there are differences in children’s residence patterns by ethnicity, identify the most common forms of household structure in which children live, and examine the role of various background factors in determining these living arrangements. Descriptive results show marked ethnic variations in the living arrangements of children, with more than 50 per cent of children living in extended households as opposed to living in a two-parent nuclear household or a single-parent nuclear household. Multinomial logistic regression results also show large differences in children’s living arrangements across groups, underscoring the salience of ethnicity. Other individual and household-level factors that have significant effects on children’s living arrangements include child’s gender and schooling status, the head of household’s level of schooling and gender, household size, standard of living and place of residence. For instance, children living in urban areas are more likely to live in extended households than those living in rural areas.
Polygamy and Its Impact on the Upbringing of Children: A Jordanian Perspective
Authors: Khasawneh Omar M , Hijazi Abdul Hakeem Yacin , Salman Nassmat Hassan
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of polygamy on the upbringing of children by examining whether polygamous marital structures are beneficial or harmful to children. To obtain data, the researchers conducted two focus group interviews using the multiple case study design, including, talking with twenty one family members from polygamous marriages in Jordan. The results indicated that the husbands felt that polygamy does not adversely affect the family. Husbands also felt that they are the ones responsible for the family’s welfare, in addition to providing their children with all the care and support possible. The wives felt that the care, upbringing, and education of their children was customary, and their spouses did not hold back on any of their responsibilities. They declared that their husbands provided education, proper housing for their children, helped them with their wedding expenses, and there were no effects of multiplicity. They showed their comfort with polygamy as they support such a practice with the condition of being financially supportive and the ability to be fair. Responses of children revealed that their fathers treated them normally, and as siblings, children love each other and did not have any differences. As for polygamy, children support such a practice as a solution to spinsterhood. The researchers believe that it would be valuable to conduct additional research to detect the perspectives of not only those who are involved in polygamous marriages but also other Jordanians from monogamous marriages in order to clearly detect their views of polygamy.
The Intersection of Motherhood and Disability: Being a “Good” Korean Mother to an “Imperfect” Child
Authors: You Hyun-Kyung , McGraw Lori A
Published: February 2019

This study springs from a larger cross-cultural project about mothering a child with a disability in South Korea and in the United States. The present analysis focuses on data collected in South Korea. Integrating critical feminist and disability theories within a social constructionist framework (McGraw & Walker, 2007), we asked (a) how dominant sociocultural systems related to mothering and disability shape South Korean mothers’ understanding of themselves and their children with autism and (b) how mothers conform to and resist these systems. To answer these questions, we conducted in-depth interviews with 14 middle-class, South Korean mothers with children who have autism. We found that mothers resist stigmatizing beliefs about their children by reconstructing the meaning of “normal” childhood and by relying on a network of similarly situated mothers for support. We also found that these mothers conform to traditional beliefs about “good” mothering by adhering to Confucian family values that encourage women to sacrifice themselves to focus on their children’s success. From these findings, we offer implications for practice.
Family-to-Work Conflict: Gender, Equity and Workplace Policies
Authors: Zhao Jia , Settles Barbara H , Sheng Xuewen
Published: February 2019

Balancing parenthood and a successful career in workplace holds unique challenges, especially for women who often report greater demands in terms of child care and family obligations. Gender and parenthood status influence couple’s definitions and perceptions of the work and family demands and responsibilities, and thus lead to different work and family outcomes measured by job satisfaction and marital satisfaction. This study examines gender differences on work-family conflict and job satisfaction as related to the division of labor and perceptions of equity and fairness by drawing on a U.S. representative data from the 2002 National Study of the Changing W orkforce (NSCW). The trend in balancing work and family responsibilities in the U.S. society is analyzed. Adaptive strategies and practical considerations for workplace policies are discussed. Future research and policy applications are suggested to both sides of parenthood experience in working family, and cultural considerations on work-family conflict.
Chinese Similes and Metaphors for Family
Authors: Rosenblatt Paul C , Li Xiaohui
Published: February 2019

This paper explores a culture and a research method, based on the conjecture that common similes and metaphors in a culture for “family” may offer insights into important aspects of the meanings, values, and ideals connected to family in that culture. With a focus on China, we looked for the first similes and metaphors for family that came up on the two most popular Chinese search engines, Baidu and Google. We winnowed the first hits, eliminating those that were not similes and metaphors and those that were to websites that few other websites linked to. In the end, we had nine Chinese similes and metaphors for family. They include: Family is a gentle harbor, a harbor for all seasons, a haven or refuge, a gas station, the center of the earth, and a little wooden boat on the river. We believe that these figures of speech represent Chinese cultural values that are important to Chinese thinking about families. Included in that, the figures of speech seem to us to represent the centrality of family in a society where for many the help they need will have to come from family. The method of investigating similes and metaphors for family as a way of understanding family in a culture has its risks, including issues of whose reality is reflected on websites and how search engines give priority to what comes up first in a search. But the method also seems worth considering as an addition to other social science tools for illuminating aspects of family life in a culture.
The Bene Israel Indian Jewish family in Transnational Context
Authors: Weil Shalva
Published: February 2019

This paper traces the development of the Bene Israel family from Maharashtra in transnational context between the motherland India, and the fatherland, Israel, where the majority resides. The Bene Israel are unusual in that they are a group of Indian Jews, adhering to a monotheistic religion, yet culturally akin to Indians of other faiths. The article focuses upon family structure and residency in the wake of migration and Westernization. It is based upon a re-examination of census data collected among the Bene Israel Indian Jews residing in the town of Lod in Israel, and a fresh look at the Bene Israel family today. The paper analyzes the rate of joint family living in India and the deviance from it in practice due to developmental and other factors. Then it describes the Indian Jewish family structure in Israel during the 1970s and shows that 20 percent more families were living in nuclear units. Despite the decline in joint residency, the joint family continued to exist in novel manner, including “proximal housing”. Today, modern technology serves to unite once disparate members of joint families within Israel, and transnationally between India and Israel.
Associations of Acculturation with Family and Individual Well-being in Serbian Refugee Young Adults in the United States
Authors: Lazarevic Vanja , Wiley Angela , Pleck Joseph H
Published: February 2019

Seventy-seven ethnic Serbian refugee young adults (mean age = 23) from Bosnia and Croatia (in the former Yugoslavia) presently living in the United States completed an online survey. Young adults reported their own and their parents’ level of acculturation to both Serbian and U.S. cultures. In contrast to most prior studies, acculturation gap was operationalized taking into account the direction of youth-parent discrepancy rather than as absolute value of the difference. Serbian refugee young adults perceive themselves to be more Americanized than their parents. The more acculturated young adults are to the U.S. than their parents, the lower young adults’ reports of family and individual well-being. Unlike immigrant youth in most prior studies, Serbian refugee young adults report acculturation to their native culture at the same level as their parents. As a result, as many young adults exhibit higher Serbian acculturation than their parents as show lower Serbian acculturation than their parents. Young adult/parent Serbian acculturation discrepancy is associated with diminished family well-being when young adults have lower Serbian acculturation than their parents, but with increased family well-being when young adults’ Serbian acculturation is higher than their parents’. The finding that acculturation gap concerning native culture is differentially linked to family well-being depending on the direction of the youth-parent discrepancy contrasts with prior research, and shows the importance of operationalizing youth-parent acculturation discrepancies as a directional rather than absolute value difference.
Behind and Beyond Hajnal’s Line: Families and Family Life in Slovenia
Authors: Švab Alenka , Rener Tanja , Kuhar Metka
Published: February 2019

By tracing the history and characteristics of family life in Slovenia in the last 60 years, the article attempts to shed light on family and demographic trends that are quite similar to those in Western countries as well as on those which are distinctively Slovenian. Some trends, such as the pluralisation of family forms and the decline in marriage and fertility rates started in approximately the same period as in Western countries, i.e. from the 1960s and 1970s onward. Some changes like full-time female employment, promoted by the state immediately after World War II and subsequently, preceded female employment trends in Western countries and may be considered a typical “socialist” characteristic. By contrast, several features which influenced family life in Slovenia in past decades considerably cannot be labelled typically Western or Eastern European, like well-developed and affordable family planning services, the early legal equality of de jure and de facto families, the possibility of parents sharing one year of fully paid parental leave etc. The paper presents the main trends and characteristics of family life in Slovenia in recent decades, compares them with other those in European countries and reflects on the contemporary (ir)relevance of Hajnal’s theory.
Changing Intergroup Boundaries in Brazilian Marriages: 1991-2008
Authors: Heaton Tim B , Mitchell Colter
Published: February 2019

Using data from the 1991 and 2000 Censuses, and the 2001 and 2008 PNAD of Brazil, this paper examines change in educational, racial and religious intermarriage. Different perspectives on social change make different predictions regarding shifts in the magnitude of marital homogamy within these three social characteristics. Racial homogamy is less pronounced in Brazil than in a variety of other contexts, educational homogamy is comparable to that reported in the United States, and religious homogamy is much more pronounced than either educational or racial homogamy. The most common pattern of social change is increased fluidity in mate selection. Homogamy parameters are becoming smaller for race, education and religion, but the pattern of change is not uniform. Boundaries appear to be increasing at the two tails of the education distribution and for some religious categories.
Marital Quality from a Rural Indian Context in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Allendorf Keera
Published: February 2019

This article describes the conception of marital quality held by respondents living in one Indian village, as identified through an analysis of semistructured interviews (n=46). The respondents’ conception of marital quality is summed up in the overarching ideal of the life partner and characterized by the dimensions of love, peace, understanding, communication, trust, and balance. This conception is then compared to the conception of marital quality found in the literature, which was developed in reference to Western contexts. The comparison suggests that the respondents’ conception of marital quality intersects in many ways with that found in the literature, but there are also important differences. These results point to the importance of greater examination of marital quality in non-Western contexts without unthinkingly applying Western measures.
Parental Involvement and Achievement Outcomes in African American Adolescents
Authors: Hayes DeMarquis
Published: February 2019

This study examined parental ratings of a multidimensional construct of parental involvement to determine (a) which involvement behavior (home-based, school-based, or achievement values) better predicted the achievement outcomes of urban African American adolescents, (b) what impact did the different parental involvement behaviors have on the achievement outcomes of younger and older high school adolescents, and (c) what influence did specific family demographic variables (parent education, parent employment status, parent marital status, and family income) have on how parents’ involvement behaviors predicted the achievement outcomes of urban African American adolescents? Participants consisted of 145 African American parents/guardians of urban high school students. Results indicated that of the three involvement measures examined, home-based involvement was the only involvement behavior that predicted adolescents’ grades and the number of days missed from school. None of the parental involvement measures were significant predictors of discipline referrals received. In addition, parental involvement behaviors had the largest impact on the achievement outcomes of older adolescents. Specifically, older adolescents with greater home-based involvement missed fewer days of school and had fewer discipline referrals while older adolescents with greater school-based involvement had more discipline referrals. Finally, as for the family demographic variables, they had minimal impact on the achievement outcomes of the urban African American adolescents in the current study. The only significant relation found was between parents’ employment status and adolescents’ grades. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
A Qualitative Exploration of Why Faith Matters in African American Marriages and Families
Authors: Marks Loren , Tanner Katrina , Nesteruk Olena , Chaney Cassandra , Baumgartner Jennifer
Published: February 2019

Researchers have found recurring connections between shared marital religious involvement and improved marital stability functioning. However, researchers know little about the processes at work behind this connection. More specifically, there is a lack of data that addresses these issues in African American families, even though Black families tend to be involved in and influenced by religion. To address this paucity, in-depth, qualitative interviews were conducted with 60 married, African-American parents to explore the reported influence of faith in their personal, marital, and family lives. Using qualitative coding and analysis, researchers identified recurring concepts and key themes. In this chapter, six key themes relating to the interface between spiritual beliefs and Black families are presented. Those themes are: 1) “It’s more than a religion, it’s a relationship”; 2) “It’s not a sacrifice…It’s good stewardship”; 3) “Faith gets you through the rough times”; 4) “All things work together for good to them that love God”; 5) “Our last breath on earth is our first breath with Him”; and 6) “God ordained marriage and family.” Rich qualitative data from the interviews that illustrate why these spiritual/religious beliefs are seen as valuable and meaningful are presented. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
The Effects of Psychological Distress, Work, and Family Stressors on Child Behavior Problems
Authors: Watkins Daphne C , Pittman Chavella T , Walsh Marissa J
Published: February 2019

Family stressors help identify behavioral outcomes in children. Yet, there may be subsequent factors associated with child behavior problems. An expansion of the current literature on child behavior problems will allow for further interpretation of these subsequent factors. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of psychological distress and work and family strcssors on child behavior problems for parents (N=85 l) from the 1995 Detroit Area Study. Findings suggest that respondents who were younger, experienced psychological distress, lived in large households, felt bothered as a parent, and had difficulty balancing work and family were more likely to experience child behavior problems than their peers. Implications for this study underscore the application of an intcrscctional approach when working with children and families so that various aspects of parental and child well-being are addressed by researchers and service professionals.
“By Tenderness and Flattery”: Construction and Reconstruction of ‘Cultural Difference’ in Research on Intermarriage
Authors: Menz Margarete
Published: February 2019

Intermarriage is the center of many imaginations, ascriplions and expectations. Binalional couples are viewed as a provocation for (national) societies, as well as a case study for assimilation processes or as proof of a ‘real love’that can overcome all obstacles. This article deals with the question of whether qualitative research on intermarriage in Germany handles the ambivalences and if so, how. Analyzing the social construction of gender and cultural difference throughout the research, it can be shown that the research itself takes part in the ‘lixation of foreignness’. The cultural differences within the relationship, for which the research is looking, arc already implied by the organization of the study. Based on this findings, a model of interpretation is introduced that highlights the developments and adaptations throughout the course oflife as a biographical learning process. This helps to reveal how the couple develops individual constructions of gender and cultural difference and how these constructions arc changed and modified during the adaptation of structural necessities like the integration into the labor market or the starting of a family and reactions to the social surrounding. Instead of taking constant presence and relevance of cullural difference for granlcd, it can he shown that the meaning can be brought to the foreground or can take a back seat, depending on the couple and the context. ‘Cultural difference’can he undcrslood as an enabling slructurc through which individual gender relations can be developed and realized. Relations, which would not be possible in a mononational relationship.
Kin in Daily Routines: Time Use and Childrearing in Rural South Africa
Authors: Madhavan Sangeetha , Gross Mark
Published: February 2019

A critical component of child rearing is time use. There has been a wealth of studies on time use in child rearing focusing on biological parents in the US and western contexts but there is a notable absence of any scholarship on time use that has incorporated extended kin in the African context. This paper examines time use with children in rural South Africa using observational data and incorporates a range of kin and non-kin. The analysis focuses on 24 children under the age of 6 and all the people who interact with them over the course of a week. Through an examination of the composition of care networks, the quantity and quality of time investment, and the relationship between care networks and child outcomes, the findings support a kin-based, socially distributed model of child rearing but also challenge assumptions about the extent of kin involvement and impact on child outcomes.
“Why Would Such a Person Dream About Heaven?” Family, Faith, and Happiness in Arranged Marriages in India
Authors: Bowman Jennifer L , Dollahite David C
Published: February 2019

This study explores the why and how of high rates of marital satisfaction among arranged marriage spouses of Hindu faith in Jaipur, India. The construct family and religious involvement is proposed to describe what constituents of the arranged marriages of participants influence high rates of marital satisfaction. This construct is observed and discussed within three main phases of marriage: (a) time leading up to marriage; (b) early and formative years of marriage; and (c) marital longevity and satisfaction. The findings broaden the conceptual understanding of the experience of arranged marriage. It appears that choices made throughout a marriage have more to do with marital happiness than merely choice in mate selection. Implications for future research on arranged marriage are discussed along with conceptual and practical implications for professional counselors and religious leaders in the West.
Relationship Dissolution and Time on Housework
Authors: Hewitt Belinda , Haynes Michele , Baxter Janeen
Published: February 2019

This paper investigates gender differences in time on housework with relationship dissolution. Using longitudinal data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey (2001-2005) and a linear mixed modeling approach, we examine changes in housework hours before and after separation from marriage or cohabitation. The results indicate that relationship type affects change in housework hours of men and women following separation. Men’s housework time increase with separation from marriage, but not from cohabitation. Women’s housework time decrease after separation from both cohabitation and marriage. We also find evidence of anticipatory behavior where women who separate do less housework hours prior to separation than those who remain partnered. The paper concludes that gender equality is most likely in the absence of a coresidential partner.
Babushka in the Holy Land: Being a Russian-Israeli Grandmother in Israel Today
Authors: Fogiel-Bijaoui Sylvie
Published: February 2019

Despite the extensive literature about the “Great Aliyah,” the return migration from the former Soviet Union (F.S.U.) to Israel, only a few studies have dealt with the babushka (grandmother)—a central icon of Soviet culture—and her dynamic (re)configuration in the Israeli context. This paper analyzes the reshaping of the babushka—as a gendered, dynamic, and classrelated institution—in Israel, as seen through the eyes of the grandmothers themselves. For this purpose, fifteen ex-Soviet grandmothers who now live in the urban center of Israel participated in in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted in Hebrew in 2012 and 2013. The findings suggest that the Israeli version of the babushka involves a reinterpretation by the grandmothers of the (late) Soviet legacy through the dominant norms of the host culture and the constitution of a new gender contract, thus acknowledging greater individual autonomy. They also suggest that the Israeli babushka may well be a short-lived phenomenon. That is, the impact of the Soviet heritage, detached from the dominant Soviet economic, cultural, and social institutions, may well fade away. The conclusion refers to some theoretical issues that could be relevant to family and (return) migration scholarship.
China’s One-child Policy and the Changing Family
Authors: Feng Xiao-Tian , Poston Dudley L , Wang Xiao-Tao
Published: February 2019

China’s one-child policy was initiated in late 1979. Since its inception, nearly 150 million single children have been born in China. It is believed that this generation of only children has dramatically changed family structure, family relationships, and family lifestyle in China. It has also resulted in problems and issues not previously present in Chinese families, such as smaller families, a simplification of family structure, a shift from parented centered families to child centered families, the child becoming the focus of the family, changes in living patterns, and changes in family lifestyle. Also, there has been a decreased base of support for the elderly. We discuss these and related issues in this overview analysis of China’s changing family structure in the context of the one-child policy.
“Breadwinners” or “Involved Fathers?” Men, Fathers and Work in Italy
Authors: Bosoni Maria Letizia
Published: February 2019

The identity transformation affecting both men and women and structural changes in the family and in the labour market in the last few decades have led to a reflection on the role of the so-called "involved/new fathers" and of fatherhood-related practices. Several empirical studies, in fact, highlight a change in the father role, both in and outside Italy, towards a more family involved style of male parenthood. Nevertheless, the strong relationship between fathers and work remains a pivotal trait in a man’s identity: the breadwinner model is, in fact, still thriving in many European countries, including Italy. One of the most relevant issues in this scenario is the complex relationship between family and work. This paper is aimed at exploring men’s and fathers’ ideas and opinions on their involvement in work, family life and care, in order to identify their features in contemporary society. This topic will be analysed in depth with the help of data from the European Values Study, whose fourth wave was conducted in47 European countries including Italy, in 2008-2009.This survey helps detect some structural aspects and values concerning fundamental aspects of life, such as marriage and the family, work, leisure time, religion and inter-generational relationships.
Attitudes of Taiwanese College Students toward Marriage: A Comparative Study of Different Family Types and Gender
Authors: Huang Yun-Chen , Lin Shu-Hui
Published: February 2019

Previous researchers reported that parental conflict seems to have considerable influence on children’s marital attitudes. The present study examined the status and the relationships between parental conflict and students’ attitudes toward marriage among Taiwanese college students. The “Parental Marital Conflict Scale” and “Marital Attitude Scale” were used as research tools, and data from 1,113 college students were analyzed. We utilized SPSS software to analyze the data and to shed light on whether there are significant differences between genders and between different family types with regard to attitudes toward marriage. The findings show that increased levels of parental conflict had a negative influence on students’ attitudes toward marriage. Male students’ attitudes toward marriage were more positive than females in general, and students from intact families or families with lower parental conflict reported more positive attitudes toward marriage when compared with those from non-intact families or families with higher parental conflict. We conclude that future studies are needed to better understand these and other factors that influence attitudes towards marriage and possible proactive strategies that might prevent marital problems.
Child Fostering in Senegal
Authors: Beck Simon , Vreyer Philippe De , Lambert Sylvie , Marazyan Karine , Safir Abla
Published: February 2019

Child fostering is a practice widespread in Sub-Saharan Africa whereby children are temporarily sent to live with a host family. Using a rich household survey conducted in Senegal in 2006-7, the paper aims at describing the selection into fostering of both households and children and at examining the impact of fostering on the wellbeing of children (host, foster- and siblings left behind) measured through their school enrollment, labour and domestic work. Results suggest a wide heterogeneity among foster children, inducing differences in their wellbeing. The main sources of such heterogeneity come from the child’s gender and his duration of stay in the host household. Whether the fostering has been formally arranged between parents also seems to matter. Results are reassuring regarding the well-being of fostered children relative to their host siblings, even if they might not fare as well as children not involved in fostering. On average, education and labour outcomes of foster children are not different from those of their host siblings. In particular, results do not support the idea that fostered girls might be overloaded with domestic tasks: they do not seem to spend more time at it than their host sisters.
Divided Motherhood: Rural-To-Urban Migration of Married Women in Contemporary China
Authors: Liu Yuzhen , Erwin Lorna
Published: February 2019

Based on qualitative data collected from interviews and observation in both sending and receiving areas, this study examines the rural-to-urban migration of married women in contemporary China. Bringing motherhood into the analysis, we found that having children plays an ambiguous and even contradictory role in women’s migration decisions. On the one hand, it may confine women’s mobility inasmuch as they are still expected to act as primary caregivers in the rural household; on the other hand, motherhood may facilitate women leaving their natal communities for urban employment, especially if such decisions are seen in connection with the costs of their children’s education. Owing both to chronic labor shortages and to their perceived docility and relative disposability, married women have been recruited in great numbers in recent years, especially into the garment factories of China’s mushrooming coastal cities. Yet because of barriers to family resettlement—the oppressive “household registration” or hukou system—most of the women in this study migrated alone or with their husbands, leaving their children behind in the care of grandparents, or in even less stable arrangements. That this geographic separation between childrearing and work creates a profound dilemma for these women, requiring them to alter both their mothering practices and their identities as maternal caregivers, is the central focus of the analysis. In this connection, divided motherhood in China can usefully be compared and contrasted with the phenomenon of transnational motherhood happening in other migration contexts around the globe.
Family in the Narratives of Good Life: Performing Masculinities in the Lithuanian Correctional Facilities
Authors: Tereškinas Artūras
Published: February 2019

Most recent works on incarcerated men have focused on prisoners’ relationship to their children and family, incarcerated fatherhood and the influence of visitation to inmates’ behaviour. The negative impact of imprisonment on family relations has also been extensively studied. Yet the intersections between imprisoned men’s attitudes towards masculinity and family remain underresearched. Drawing on 20 in-depth semi-structured interviews with imprisoned men and their criminal records in Alytus correctional facility, the article contributes to the study of “doing” gender in prisons with regard to socially excluded men’s perceptions of family. We argue that family with its different gender role allocations not only serves as one of the most important objects of good life but also engenders criminal activities. The analysis of data demonstrate that according to their perceptions of family, the incarcerated men fall into two categories of hypermasculinity and “distant” complicit masculinity. The latter dominant category of men espouses egalitarian familial roles and emphasizes parental caregiving responsibilities, emotional support and financial assistance as the most significant in current situation. Although the first group of men advocating hypermasculine behaviour are attached to the traditional family with strictly defined gender roles, they lack the desire and motivation to fulfil their expected familial obligations. For them, family is less an object of good life and intimate security than a source of frustration and disappointment. The study also shows that, as an important predictor of their masculinity and masculine behaviour, the incarcerated men’s attitudes toward family requires a more comprehensive and multifaceted investigation.
Leaving Home of Migrant and Dutch Young Adults: Parent-Child and Peer Relations
Authors: Kleinepier Tom , Valk Helga A.G. de
Published: February 2019

This study examines the role of parents and peer relations on home-leaving behavior among young adults of migrant and Dutch descent. Data come from the TIES survey including the Turkish (n = 493) and Moroccan (n = 486) second generation and a native Dutch comparison group (n = 506). Competing risks models are applied to distinguish between patterns of leaving home for different reasons. Results indicate that native Dutch young adults mainly leave home at relative young ages to attend further education, whereas in particular women of the Turkish second generation are more likely to postpone leaving home until marriage. Friendship and peer relations are of importance: having close friends outside the own ethnic group decreases the chance of leaving home for union formation. Conflicts with parents accelerate the process of leaving home for women of all origin groups, though only when they leave home to gain independence.