bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating a Collaborative Trauma-Informed Interdisciplinary Citywide Victim Services Model Focused on Health Care for Survivors of Human Trafficking
Authors: Jain Juhi , Bennett Mackenzie , Bailey Mark D. , Liaou Daniel , Kaltiso Sheri-Ann O. , Greenbaum Jordan , Williams Kimberly , Gordon Mollie R. , Torres Melissa I. M. , Nguyen Phuong T. , Coverdale John H. , Williams Victor , Hari Cayla , Rodriguez Samantha , Salami Temilola , Potter JoNell E.
Published: July 2022

Although human trafficking is recognized as a public health issue, research on the health effects of human trafficking and best intervention practices is limited. We describe 2 citywide collaborative victim services models, the THRIVE (Trafficking, Healthcare, Resources, and Interdisciplinary Victim Services and Education) Clinic at the University of Miami and Jackson Health System in Miami, Florida, and the Greater Houston Area Pathways for Advocacy-based, Trauma-Informed Healthcare (PATH) Collaborative at Baylor College of Medicine, CommonSpirit Health, and San Jose Clinic in Houston, Texas, funded in part by the Office for Victims of Crime, which focus on trauma-informed health care delivery for victims of human trafficking. From June 2015 through September 2021, the THRIVE Clinic served 214 patients with an average age of 28.7 years at the time of their first visit. From October 2017 through September 2021, the PATH Collaborative received 560 suspected trafficking referrals, 400 of which screened positive for labor or sex trafficking. These models serve as a framework for replication of interdisciplinary practices to provide health care for this unique population and preliminary information about the strategies put in place to assist victims during their recovery. Key lessons include the importance of a citywide needs assessment, patient navigators, interdisciplinary care, and building community partnerships to ensure safe housing, transportation, identification, health insurance, vocation services, input from survivors, peer-to-peer mentorship, and medical–legal services. Further research is needed to understand the detrimental health effects of trafficking and the health care needs of victims. In addition, a need exists to develop optimal models of care for recovery and reintegration for this patient population and to address public health, legal, and medical policies to ensure access to and sustainability of comprehensive, trauma-informed, interdisciplinary victim services.
Are Screening Tools for Identifying Human Trafficking Victims in Health Care Settings Validated? A Scoping Review
Authors: Hainaut Mathilde , Thompson Katherine J. , Ha Caryn J. , Herzog Hayley L. , Roberts Timothy , Ades Veronica
Published: July 2022

Objective:

Although many screening tools, resources, and programs for identifying victims of human trafficking exist, consensus is lacking on which tools are most useful, which have been validated, and whether they are effective. The objectives of this study were to determine what tools exist to identify or screen for victims of human trafficking in health care settings and whether these tools have been validated.

Method:

We conducted a scoping review of the literature on human trafficking identification in health care settings following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) protocol for scoping reviews. We searched the MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Embase, and Scopus databases without language or date limitations. Two independent reviewers screened each citation. We included human research studies in English with populations of all ages, all genders, all geographic locations, and using quantitative and/or qualitative research methods. We excluded studies that were not conducted in a health care setting, review articles, and meta-analyses. We summarized additional screening tools available online and identified through hand-searching.

Results:

Database searches yielded 8730 studies, of which 4806 remained after removing duplicates. We excluded 4720 articles based on title/abstract review, we reviewed 85 full-text studies for eligibility, and we included 8 articles. Hand-searching revealed 9 additional screening tools not found in the literature. Through our search for validated screening tools, only 6 had been studied for validation in health care settings.

Conclusions:

Few studies have evaluated screening tools for identifying victims of human trafficking in health care settings. The absence of a gold standard for human trafficking screening and lack of consensus on the definition of human trafficking make screening tool validation difficult. Further research is required for the development of safe, effective approaches to patient screening.
Forgive, forgiving, forgiven: Matthew 6:12 and Luke 11:4
Authors: Biddle Mark E.
Published: July 2022

Does the petition for forgiveness in the Lord’s prayer indicate that believers forgive in the same manner that God forgives? Does it suggest that God will forgive the petitioner to the same extent that the petitioner has forgiven offenders? Does it make divine forgiveness contingent somehow on the petitioner’s prior forgiveness of others? Does it imply its inverse, namely that God will not forgive if the petitioner has not forgiven? Does the Bible teach conditional forgiveness? The answers to these questions depend, naturally, on the precise definition of “forgive/forgiveness” employed in the Model Prayer, an issue that requires an examination of related texts in Matthew and Luke. In the course of this examination, the question concerning what the prayer seeks to have forgiven, whether “debts” or “trespasses” (or both), also merits attention.
Saying the Lord’s Prayer in Baptist Bibleland
Authors: May David M.
Published: July 2022

The Lord’s Prayer in Baptist spirituality and life is briefly surveyed from several different perspectives. First, the role of the Lord’s Prayer is considered in relationship to Baptist worship and liturgy. As is illustrated, the Lord’s Prayer has not been a frequent companion with Baptists in their worship. Second, the designation of Lord’s Prayer is only one of several labels given by Baptists to the prayer found in Matt 6:9–13. A favorite label for Baptists is to refer to these verses as “the Model Prayer,” because they understand it as a pattern for prayer. Third, the Lord’s Prayer is studied from the perspective of various English translations with Baptist influence or translators. Finally, the use of the Lord’s Prayer among a sampling of Baptist writers and scholars is considered.
The religious world of the Lord’s Prayer
Authors: Black C. Clifton
Published: July 2022

The prayer Jesus taught his disciples to pray (Matt 6:9–13 = Luke 11:2–4) did not arise in a religious vacuum. A cursory study of Greek, Hebraic, Roman, and Hellenistic Jewish prayers exhibits important convergences with, and divergences from, the Lord’s Prayer.
Our father, who art in heaven: The importance of the Lord’s Prayer in congregational song
Authors: Baynham Thomas L.
Published: July 2022

The Lord’s Prayer is known to many, even as early as childhood those, who can and do recite it from memory. It is prayed often in the context of worship settings: regular corporate worship, as well as funerals and weddings. The “Our Father,” as the prayer is often called, is perhaps the most well-known prayer in the Christian faith, yet what many have learned to recite from memory is not consistent with what is recorded in Scripture. The intent of this article is twofold. The first section offers a brief interpretation of the prayer, using the KJV translation of the Matthew text (6:9–13) plus the traditional but added-later conclusion. The second section offers a “congregational song” analysis of the prayer, employing the model of British hymnologist Brian Wren, who asserts, “Whoever sings to God in worship, prays twice.”
“Forgive us our debts”: Jubilee prays the Lord’s Prayer
Authors: Swancutt Diana M.
Published: July 2022

The Lord’s Prayer has long held a venerable place in the life of the church. This article argues that one of the reasons for this central importance is that the Lord’s Prayer was a habitus-forming reminder to Jesus’s followers to enact Jubilee daily as the defining socio-eschatological praxis of early Christian communities. This interpretation tempers the tendency to spiritualize ancient readings of the Lord’s Prayer with the steel of collective social practice, the physicality of the body, and the grit of social need.
Mortality and risk factors for COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Pulin , Guan Youhong , Zhou Sijing , Wang Enze , Sun Peng , Fei Guanghe , Zeng Daxiong , Wang Ran
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The present study systematically reviewed the clinical features and risk factors in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) who also acquired coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). More specifically, clinical manifestations, prognosis, and risk factors for death among this population were explored. Method: A literature search using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases, for articles involving patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and undergoing MHD published between January 1, 2020, and March 13, 2022, was performed. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to calculate the weighted mean prevalence and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) or weighted means and 95% CI. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using I2 statistics. Results: Twenty-two studies including 13,191 patients with COVID-19 undergoing MHD were selected. The most common symptoms included fever (53% [95% CI 41%–65%]) and cough (54% [95% CI 48%-60%]); however, 17% (95% CI 11%–22%) of the cases were asymptomatic. In subgroup analysis, the proportion of male patients (65% [95% CI 58%–71%]), and patients with coronary artery disease (30% [95% CI 17%–44%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (9% [95% CI 4%–15%]) was greater in the non-survivor group compared with the survivor group. Furthermore, patients undergoing MHD, who were also positive for COVID-19, exhibited a high mortality rate (24% [95% CI 19%–28%]). Conclusions: MHD patients with COVID-19 may initially present as asymptomatic or with mild symptoms; nevertheless, in this study, these patients exhibited a higher risk for death compared with COVID-19 patients not undergoing MHD. Moreover, male sex and underlying cardiovascular and respiratory diseases increased the mortality risk.
Grudging Acts
Authors: Bottero Wendy
Published: July 2022

This article argues for a greater focus on how, and why, social life is often engaged in through grudging acts. Grudging acts are those activities in which we really would rather not participate but which we perform nonetheless. Such acts play a significant role in how many social practices are routinely sustained, but also reworked or undermined. Yet grudgingness is underexplored in social analysis, and its significance for social arrangements is insufficiently examined. This neglect occurs because foregrounding grudging acts requires a focus on key aspects of social life that often slip from view in analysis, and is an omission associated with a number of significant explanatory difficulties.
Experiences of COVID-19-Recovered Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Hospital in the Philippines: A Mixed-Method Inquiry
Authors: Carascal Mark B. , Capistrano Pedro E. , Figueras Marlouie D.L. , Cataylo Osmuniard Lanz Angelo C. , Zuñiga Spencer Mathew S. , Reyes Marc Eric S. , Medriano Kathleen Kaye S. , Gamo Anthony T. , Mendoza Paz D. , Macalipay Shirley Luz B.
Published: July 2022

COVID-19 pandemic affected the mental health of the global population. Among the most vulnerable are the healthcare workers (HCWs) who got infected but returned to the frontline after recovery. Currently, there is a dearth of information and understanding on the psychological status and actual lived experience of the recovered HCWs in the Philippines. The present study investigated the psychological status and experiences of 93 COVID-19-recovered HCWs from a tertiary hospital in the Philippines using a mixed-method approach, particularly the explanatory-sequential design. Participants completed the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 in the quantitative phase. Selected participants took part in focus group discussions in the qualitative phase. Integrated results showed that our participants experienced significant COVID-19-related distress (mean IES-R score = 25.5; partial impact), anxiety (mean subscale score = 7.4; mild), and depression (mean subscale score = 8.1; mild). Certain sociodemographic and professional characteristics and the length of quarantine days appear to affect the psychometric scores. The quantitative results are supported by the participant’s description of recovery experiences as living in uncertainty, distress, fatigue, dissociation, and valuation of life. In summary, adequate psychological support and intervention program should be prioritized and provided by hospital management for recovered HCWs to prevent the development of more serious mental health concerns that may significantly affect their tasks in caring for patients and in-hospital management.
The Pedagogical Perils and Promises of Critical Rationalism
Authors: Sassower Raphael
Published: July 2022

The philosophical principles guiding the pedagogy of Critical Rationalism emphasize the autonomy of individual students, the democratic organization of learning institutions, and a workshop setting where mutual respect is observed by so-called masters and apprentices. This article critically outlines what undergirds this approach to pedagogy and casts some doubt on the potential of operationalizing these ideas on a grand scale and the potential psychological toll that might be exacted from both teachers and students.
Occult bacteraemia in children with fever without focus though previously vaccinated against pneumococcus
Authors: Buendía Jefferson Antonio , Bedoya Marisela , Benjumea-Bedoya Dione
Published: July 2022

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) have reduced the rate of occult bacteraemia in developed countries. However, reports on the incidence of occult bacteraemia in tropical regions are scarce. The aim of our study was to determine its frequency in children consulting for fever without focus in Colombia after introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. We concluded that in tropical areas, testing for occult bacteraemia should be considered regardless of previous pneumococcal conjugate vaccination status.
Clinical guideline utilization in Uganda: A scoping review and comparison
Authors: Bola Rajan , Kihumuro Raymond Bernard , Ngonzi Joseph , Lett Ronald
Published: July 2022

Countries such as Uganda often depend on clinical practice guidelines from developed countries, non-profit charities, and international organizations. The sources and organizations that provide most of the guidelines used in Uganda are not well documented. The primary objective of this article was to determine whether a scoping review of scientific, peer-reviewed literature could identify the clinical guidelines actually used in Uganda. A secondary objective was to examine which organizations provided the majority of guidelines used. We therefore searched for consensus documents, guidelines, and meta-analyses published for use in African countries indexed in PubMed, OVID Medline, and Embase, and then surveyed guidelines currently in use in Ugandan medical practice. We thus compared these two sets of guidelines, as well as their breadth, geography, and sources, to make recommendations for similar low-income countries.
SARS-CoV-2 infection, pulse oximetry, and interpretive caveats
Authors: Chhabria Bharath , Arora Navneet , Chahal Sarah , Kumar Pannu Ashok , Muthu Valliappan , Kumar Mohan
Published: July 2022

Hypoxaemia in COVID-19 does not necessarily imply COVID pneumonia or post-COVID lung fibrosis, and the caveats of finger pulse oximetry should be remembered. Drug-induced methaemoglobinemia should be considered in individuals with unexplained cyanosis, refractory hypoxaemia, or the presence of a saturation gap. Here, we share our recent encounter of ‘spurious hypoxia’ in a patient with COVID-19 and methaemoglobinemia.
Forging an Anti-Racist Praxis: Housing Discrimination against Ottoman Greek Immigrants in Early-Twentieth-Century Portland and Seattle
Authors: Topalidis Yiorgo
Published: July 2022

Whiteness provides its possessors with the privilege of homeownership without racial restrictions and obstructs black, brown, and Indigenous people. I examine that privilege for the Ottoman Greeks, an early-twentieth-century Southeastern European immigrant cohort to the United States. To conduct the examination, I analyze data from the Dictionary of Races or Peoples, the Segregated Seattle Project, and the Portland Restrictive Covenant Project. Racial formation theory and the concept of racial fluidity provide the framework for this study’s three main findings.1 First, housing discrimination impacted Ottoman Greeks less than other racialized groups. Second, Ottoman Greeks experienced this discrimination as racially fluid Greeks or Turks. Finally, Ottoman Greek housing discrimination occurred in elite white communities of Portland and Seattle. My findings illustrate an alternate knowledge of whiteness that, when harnessed by descendants of early-twentieth-century immigrants, can potentially lead them toward anti-racist political advocacy and activism.
Citizen-Person: The “Me” in the “We” in Danish Precision Medicine
Authors: Svendsen Mette N. , Navne Laura E.
Published: July 2022

The genome has become a crucial component in precision medicine aimed at tailoring medical treatment to the individual. To the extent that social science studies of genomics have explored questions related to the individual, these studies have focused on how the governance regarding genomes facilitates individuals’ rights, choices, and responsibilities. By contrast, we approach genomic governance by investigating how enactments of the person in precision medicine actualize practices of reciprocity and belonging in a national collective. Based on document analysis and ethnographic fieldwork in Denmark, we show that genomes are treated simultaneously as digital representations of individuals, social resources for a welfare state population, and emblems of public trust. By drawing on classical and contemporary anthropological theories of personhood, we unfold how Danish precision medicine prescribes a moral continuity between person, state, and territory. We argue that Danish precision medicine revitalizes a national politics of belonging and generates socio-spatial orientations through which the “me” of the person shares origin and place with the “we” of the welfare state.
Development of ambiguity aversion from early adolescence to adulthood: New insights from the Ellsberg paradox
Authors: Osmont Anaïs , Cassotti Mathieu
Published: July 2022

This research aimed to clarify whether middle adolescents’ risk-taking is driven by reduced ambiguity aversion. In Study 1, we explored the development of ambiguity aversion using an adaptation of the classic Ellsberg paradox with early adolescents (10–11 years old), middle adolescents (14–16 years old), and young adults (20–25 years old). Study 2 examined the development of ambiguity aversion depending on the ambiguity level in middle adolescence compared with adults. These two studies revealed that only early adolescents did not demonstrate ambiguity aversion. In contrast, middle adolescents and adults showed strong ambiguity aversion irrespective of ambiguity level. These findings support the idea that the period of young adolescence could be the start of ambiguity aversion development, although this tendency to avoid ambiguous options is already developed in middle adolescence. This finding might have important public health implications and suggests that prevention campaigns should consider early adolescence to be a particularly vulnerable age group for risky behaviors.
Who Does Discriminate Against gay-Sounding Speakers? The Role of Prejudice on Voice-Based Hiring Decisions in Brazil
Authors: Fontenele Ana Beatriz Gomes , Souza Luana Elayne Cunha de , Fasoli Fabio
Published: July 2022

Vocal cues are used to categorize speakers’ sexual orientation. Hearing a gay-sounding speaker can elicit discrimination. This study investigated whether gay-sounding speakers were discriminated against when applying for a job in Brazil and whether prejudice moderated such an effect. Heterosexual participants listened to a gay- or heterosexual-sounding applicant, rating him in terms of personality traits and employability. The results showed that gay-sounding candidates were discriminated against compared to heterosexual-sounding candidates, but this was true only among highly prejudiced participants.
History of Serampore as a Danish Trading Post, 1755–1845
Authors: Bose Arpita
Published: July 2022

Serampore, a small town of West Bengal, today virtually a suburb of Kolkata, has an unusual history and heritage as a Danish trading post/colony between 1755 and 1845. Creating a bustling, well-organised town, the Danes introduced various reforms which prepared the nineteenth-century awakening in Bengal. While the history of this Danish involvement at Serampore awaits fuller archival research, this article feeds on a range of local sources and contemporary travel accounts to discuss details of the Danish engagement in Serampore. The article also illustrates how, beyond the dominant British influence, colonial India experienced other foreign interventions that remain pertinent today, not just regarding trade but also missionary activities and some local sub-structures that have become almost invisible.
Machine learning models to detect social distress, spiritual pain, and severe physical psychological symptoms in terminally ill patients with cancer from unstructured text data in electronic medical records
Authors: Masukawa Kento , Aoyama Maho , Yokota Shinichiroh , Nakamura Jyunya , Ishida Ryoka , Nakayama Masaharu , Miyashita Mitsunori
Published: July 2022

Background:

Few studies have developed automatic systems for identifying social distress, spiritual pain, and severe physical and phycological symptoms from text data in electronic medical records.

Aim:

To develop models to detect social distress, spiritual pain, and severe physical and psychological symptoms in terminally ill patients with cancer from unstructured text data contained in electronic medical records.

Design:

A retrospective study of 1,554,736 narrative clinical records was analyzed 1 month before patients died. Supervised machine learning models were trained to detect comprehensive symptoms, and the performance of the models was tested using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and precision recall curve (AUPRC).

Setting/participants:

A total of 808 patients was included in the study using records obtained from a university hospital in Japan between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2019. As training data, we used medical records labeled for detecting social distress ( n = 10,000) and spiritual pain ( n = 10,000), and records that could be combined with the Support Team Assessment Schedule (based on date) for detecting severe physical/psychological symptoms ( n = 5409).

Results:

Machine learning models for detecting social distress had AUROC and AUPRC values of 0.98 and 0.61, respectively; values for spiritual pain, were 0.90 and 0.58, respectively. The machine learning models accurately identified severe symptoms (pain, dyspnea, nausea, insomnia, and anxiety) with a high level of discrimination (AUROC > 0.8).

Conclusion:

The machine learning models could detect social distress, spiritual pain, and severe symptoms in terminally ill patients with cancer from text data contained in electronic medical records.
“Have a Digital Highway but also have speed limits”: Exploring Public Resistance to Cell Tower Radiation in India
Authors: Chowdhury Nupur
Published: July 2022

Public resistance to environmental and health safety risks from radiations emanating from cell phone towers has been sporadic but spatially and temporally widespread in India. Civic actions have been led by civic activists, resident welfare associations, gram panchayats, lawyers, scientists and even an actor from the Bombay film industry. Large scale technical systems like cell-phone towers are remarkably resilient to public criticism. Industry response to such resistance is usually in the form of aesthetic tinkering to hide structures from public gaze, incremental regulation and science communication to assuage public doubt. The legislature rather than Courts has been more responsive to such civic actions. Courts due to their overreliance on risk discourses have continued to defer to State experts. Faced with incrementalism from formal institutional actors, resistance movements have become localized and used site requirements to stymie such developments. Drawing on Beck's idea of subpolitics, this study explores the disaggregated nature of the resistance movement against cell tower radiation in India. It is based on a multi-sited ethnography based on field research and 35 interviews with activists, journalists, regulators, lawyers, industry representatives, doctors and scientists, conducted between November 2017 to December 2019. Jurisprudential developments, parliamentary committee and scientific reports were also reviewed. Subpolitics as a category has purchase in STS studies because it allows us to focus on the disaggregated nature of affected publics and interrogate public engagement with State institutions and new social expectations and solidarities with reference to technology.
Modification of cerebrovascular morphologies during different stages of life
Authors: Zhang Boyu , Yang Zidong , Li Jing , Wang Bei , Shi Huazheng , Wang He , Li Yuehua
Published: July 2022

To expand previous understanding of age-related vascular changes, we examined the association between aging and characteristics of cerebral arteries among 1133 participants aged 35 to 75 years recruited from Shanghai, China. Characteristics of the cerebral vessels including arterial branch density, mean radius, and mean tortuosity were quantified using MR angiography. The radius, tortuosity, and length of the basilar artery (BA) and the M1 segment of middle cerebral artery (MCA) were also accessed. Linear regression model was used to examine the association between age and vasculature features. The sample was divided into four subgroups by age and the association was analyzed in each subgroup. Age was found to be a significant predictor for cerebrovascular modifications after adjusting for vascular risk factors. Further analysis in subgroup revealed that the associations were due to the predominate effect of the vascular modifications happened during the younger years (35–54 years). The radius of either BA or MCA was associated with aging only in subjects aged 45–54 years. In conclusion, rapid alterations in all three morphological features assessed have been noticed to be associated with aging in the 45–54 subgroup, suggesting the potential importance of the 5th decade for early preservation method for vascular aging.
Effectiveness of anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies on central symptoms of migraine
Authors: Iannone Luigi Francesco , De Cesaris Francesco , Ferrari Anita , Benemei Silvia , Fattori Davide , Chiarugi Alberto
Published: July 2022

Background

Clinical trials and observational studies with anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide antibodies poorly investigated their impact on migraine prodromal and accompanying symptoms. This information might help deciphering the biologics’ pharmacodynamic and provide hints on migraine pathogenesis. Herein, we report the effects of erenumab, fremanezumab and galcanezumab on attack prodromal and accompanying symptoms and on neurological and psychiatric traits. 

Methods

An explorative, prospective, questionnaire-based study was completed by a cohort (n = 80) of patients with chronic migraine patients presenting a sustained reduction of ≥50% of Migraine Disability Assessment Score and ≥30% of monthly migraine days three months after anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide antibodies treatment.

Results

The majority of patients experienced a complete prevention of migraine symptoms without evidence of initial onset followed by attack abortion. Few patients reported the recurrence of prodromal (from 10% to 12.5%) or accompanying (from 1.3% to 8.8%) symptoms without headache. All patients with migraine with aura reported a decrease of aura incidence. Sleep changes (51.2%), increase in appetite (20.0%) and weight (18.8%) as well as a reduction in stress (45.0%), anxiety (26.3%), and panic attacks (15%) were also reported.

Conclusion

Anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide antibodies seems to significantly impact brain functions of migraineurs, preventing not only migraine headache but also its anticipatory and accompanying symptoms.
Reducing Uncertainties in Nanoindentation Experiments for Cementitious Materials
Authors: Patil Poornima , Jones Christopher
Published: July 2022

Limited research is available to guide the intelligent selection of test parameters such as load level, grid size, grid spacing, and sample surface roughness to design nanoindentation experiments on cementitious materials. A cohort of nanoindentation experiments on four different cement pastes utilizing varying indentation depth, load level, grid spacing, grid size, and surface roughness were performed. Results from this study indicate that a “critical indentation depth” exists for each sample such that individual indentations shallower than the critical depth demonstrate greater variability for all measured properties than deeper indentations. Most commercial nanoindentation equipment is load controlled, so careful load selection is important to ensure that the critical indentation depth is achieved. Elastic indentation properties appear to show dependence on grid spacing and grid size. Surface roughness and the polishing method profoundly influence measured properties. The study demonstrates that the choice of test parameters is influenced by the microstructural details (phases) under consideration, as well as the porosity of the sample and therefore cannot be generalized.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio trend: A novel prognostic predictor in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving radiotherapy
Authors: Yang Pei , Zhao Yu , Liang Hao , Zhou Guanzhi , Youssef Bassem , Elhalawani Hesham , Li Meizhen , Tan Fengbo , Jin Yi , Jin Hekun , Zhu Hong , Mohamed Abdallah Sherif Radwan , Chonnipa Nantavithya , Kannarunimit Danita , Shi Yingrui , Wang Hui , Fuller Clifton David
Published: July 2022

Background

Peripheral neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), reflecting immune-inflammation status, shows great potential for tumor progression and outcome. Pre-treatment NLR does not fully reflect the immune-inflammatory response to treatment. This study aimed to introduce the NLR trend as a new indicator and to investigate its prognostic value in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving radiotherapy.

Methods

This retrospective study evaluated patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy. The NLR trend value was calculated from the fitted line gradient via the NLRs before, during (at least once), and after each patient's first radiotherapy. The Kaplan–Meier curve and log-rank test were used to calculate and compare survival outcomes of different pretreatment NLRs and NLR trends for progression-free survival, locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and overall survival at 3 and 5 years. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the association between the NLR trend plus 3- and 5-year overall survival.

Results

The study included 528 patients. A lower NLR trend predicted worse progression-free survival, LRFS, plus 3- and 5-year overall survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the NLR trend independently predicted 3- and 5-year overall survival. Sub-group analysis showed that the prognosis of patients with a low pretreatment NLR and a high NLR trend were superior to those of other groups.

Conclusion

The NLR trend independently predicted the prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving radiotherapy. The NLR trend and the pretreatment NLR combination is more precise than pretreatment NLR in predicting prognosis. A high NLR trend may be evidence of a positive immune response to radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Social Citizenship Through Out-of-Home Participation Among Older Adults With and Without Dementia
Authors: Gaber Sophie N. , Thalén Liv , Malinowsky Camilla W. , Margot-Cattin Isabel , Seetharaman Kishore , Chaudhury Habib , Cutchin Malcolm , Wallcook Sarah , Kottorp Anders , Brorsson Anna , Biglieri Samantha , Nygård Louise
Published: July 2022

There is limited empirical knowledge about how older adults living with dementia enact their social citizenship through out-of-home participation. This study aimed: (a) to investigate out-of-home participation among older adults with and without dementia in four countries and (b) to compare aspects of stability or change in out-of-home participation. Using a cross-sectional design, older adults with mild-to-moderate dementia and without dementia, aged 55 years and over, were interviewed using the Participation in ACTivities and Places OUTside the Home questionnaire in Canada ( n = 58), Sweden ( n = 69), Switzerland ( n = 70), and the United Kingdom ( n = 128). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a two-way analysis of variance. After adjustment for age, diagnosis of dementia and country of residence had significant effects on total out-of-home participation ( p < .01). The results contribute to policies and development of programs to facilitate social citizenship by targeting specific activities and places.
Sleep of Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Role of Atypical Work Schedules: A Scoping Review
Authors: Power Niamh , Perreault Michel , Ferrari Manuela , Boudreau Philippe , Boivin Diane B.
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the well-being of healthcare workers (HCWs). HCWs are highly exposed to shift work and their work schedules have been subject to increasing unpredictability since the start of the pandemic. This review aims to: (1) map the studies providing information about factors associated with sleep characteristics in HCWs working in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic during the first and second waves and (2) examine the state of the evidence base in terms of the availability of information on the influence of atypical work schedules. A literature search was performed in PubMed. Studies containing information about factors (demographic; psychological; occupational; COVID-19-specific; work schedule; lifestyle; medical; or other) associated with various sleep characteristics among HCWs working in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic were included. Particular attention was paid to the availability of information on the role of atypical work schedules on HCW sleep. Fifty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were reports of quantitative cross-sectional surveys using self-report measures. Associations between female sex, frontline HCW status, psychological factors, and poorer sleep were observed. Six studies included a measure of shift work in their analyses, 5 of which reported an association between shift work status and sleep. A wide range of factors were investigated, with female sex, frontline HCW status, and psychological factors repeatedly demonstrating associations with poorer sleep. Sleep was predominantly measured in terms of self-reported sleep quality or insomnia symptoms. Few studies investigated the influence of atypical work schedules on HCW sleep in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Research on this topic is lacking in terms of reliable and consistent measurements of sleep outcomes, longitudinal data, and knowledge about the influence of covariates such atypical work schedules, comorbidity, and medical history on HCW sleep.
Housing Insecurity, Housing Conditions, and Breastfeeding Behaviors for Medicaid-Eligible Families in Urban Settings
Authors: Reno Rebecca , Whipps Mackenzie , Wallenborn Jordyn T. , Demirci Jill , Bogen Debra L. , Gross Rachel S. , Mendelsohn Alan L. , Morris Pamela A. , Shaw Daniel S.
Published: July 2022

Background:

Research exploring associations between exposure to social determinants of health and breastfeeding is needed to identify breastfeeding barriers. Housing insecurity and household conditions (chaos and crowding) may affect breastfeeding by increasing maternal stress and discomfort and decreasing time available to breastfeed.

Research Aim:

We aimed to examine the relationships between housing insecurity, breastfeeding exclusivity intention during the early postnatal period, and breastfeeding exclusivity at 6 months postpartum among a sample “at risk” for suboptimal breastfeeding rates.

Methods:

This study is a secondary data analysis of a longitudinal study at two time periods. Data were collected from English- and Spanish-speaking, Medicaid-eligible mother-infant dyads ( N = 361) at near-birth and child aged 6 months, in New York City and Pittsburgh. Structural equation modeling was used to examine direct and indirect effects of housing insecurity on breastfeeding exclusivity at child aged 6 months.

Results:

The path model showed that experiencing more markers of housing insecurity (i.e., foreclosure/eviction threat, history of homelessness, late rent) was predictive of significantly lower breastfeeding exclusivity at 6 months. This was partially mediated through less exclusive breastfeeding intention during the early postnatal period. Greater household crowding was associated with 6-month breastfeeding exclusivity when mediated by intention. Household crowding had differential effects by study site and participant race/ethnicity.

Conclusion:

Refinement of housing insecurity as a multi-dimensional construct can lead to the development of standardized data collection instruments, inform future methodological decisions in research addressing social determinants of health, and can inform the development of responsive individual- and structural-level interventions. The data used in this study were collected as part of the SMART Beginnings Randomized Controlled Trial (NCT02459327 registered at ClinicalTrials.gov).
War and the Left: Considerations on a Chequered History
Authors: Musto Marcello
Published: July 2022

While political science has probed the ideological, political, economic and even psychological motivations behind the drive to war, socialist theory has made a unique contribution by highlighting the relationship between the development of capitalism and war. There’s a long and rich tradition of the Left’s opposition to militarism that dates back to the International Working Men’s Association. It is an excellent resource for understanding the origins of war under capitalism and helping leftists maintain our clear opposition to it. In this article, the author examines the position of all the main currents (socialist, socialdemocratic, communist, anarchist and feminist) intellectuals (Engels, Kropotkin, Malatesta, Jaurès, Luxemburg, Lenin, Mao and Khrushchev) of the Left on the war and its different declinations (‘war of defence’, ‘just war’, ‘revolutionary war’).
Towards synchronously improving dielectric performance and thermal conductivity in Ni/PVDF by tailoring core-shell structured Ni@NiO particles
Authors: Peng Weiwei , Zhou Wenying , Cao Guozheng , Yang Yating , Cao Jing , Kong Fanrong , Wang Guangheng , Feng Aihong , Luo Lidong
Published: July 2022

An insulating interlayer between conductive particles and polymer is crucial for preparing polymer dielectrics with high dielectric permittivity ( ε) but low loss and high breakdown strength ( E b). To restrain the large loss of raw nickel (Ni)/poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composites when still maintaining a high- ε at the percolation threshold ( f c) of conductive fillers, in this work, nanoscale nickel oxide (NiO) shell with diverse thickness was coated around the surface of Ni particles via a facile thermal calcination at 650°C under air, and the gained Ni@NiO particles were composited with PVDF to produce morphology-controllable high- ε, low loss composites. The influences of the NiO shell and thickness on the dielectric performances and thermal conductivity (TC) of the composites were investigated in terms of filler loading and frequency. Compared with raw Ni/PVDF, the Ni@NiO/PVDF composites exhibit remarkably suppressed dielectric loss and enhanced E b and TC because the NiO interlayer not only prevents the Ni particles from direct contact and hinders the long-range electron migration thereby resulting in rather low leakage current, but also simultaneously suppresses thermal interfacial resistance and enhances interfacial compatibility between the fillers and the matrix subsequently resulting in improved TC. Therefore, the Ni@NiO/PVDF with high ε-low loss, heightened E b and TC present appealing potential applications in microelectronics and electrical industries.
A comparative study of force models in monitoring the flank wear using the cutting force coefficients
Authors: Luo Huan , Zhang Zhao , Luo Ming , Zhang Dinghua
Published: July 2022

Difficult-to-machine materials, such as nickel-based alloys, are widely utilized in aerospace industry, while their low thermal conductivity and high temperature strength lead to the rapid wear of cutting tool. Tool wear monitoring is regarded as one of the useful methods to guarantee the product quality and maximize the tool utilization. Due to the high nonlinearity and stochastic characteristics of tool wear process, it is difficult to establish a general tool wear monitoring model. This work contributes to find out the most suitable cutting force model by comparing their ability and performance in monitoring the flank wear. The tool wear monitoring is realized through developing the relationship between cutting force coefficients and tool wear, and the coefficients are calculated based on the average cutting forces in different feed rates. Then, correlational analysis is performed to select sensitive coefficients. Finally, the selected coefficients are normalized and then trained by the feed-forward backprop neural network. Experiments are conducted to compare the four different models in cutting force prediction and tool wear monitoring by three criteria. The cutting force model including the shearing forces, the edge forces, and forces due to the tool wear gives the best results. The obtained results also show great suitability for different cutting conditions.
Comparative performance evaluation between uncoated and TiAlN + AlCrN coated carbide tools in hard turning of AISI H11 steel
Authors: Das Anshuman , Gautam Apoorv , Panda Asutosh , Das Sudhansu Ranjan , Debnath Kishore , Ramakrishna Ch. , Patel Saroj Kumar
Published: July 2022

Cutting tools, such as ceramic, cubic boron nitride, and polycrystalline diamond, are normally preferred to machine hardened hot work steel materials which are exclusively demanded in mould and die-making industries. However, such tool materials are very costly. If carbide tools with proper coatings will be used within a particular machining range, comparative tool life can be achieved with lesser cost in hard machining. The present experimental work is based on the comparative assessment among new generation TiAlN + AlCrN coated and traditional uncoated carbide tools concerning tool life, tool flank wear, cutting temperature, cutting force, and surface integrity in dry hard turning of AISI H11 steel. The experiments with 16 trials are performed according to the L16 orthogonal array by considering various machining parameters that include cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed. At last, with the measured tool life and as per Gilbert's economic approach, distinctive cost analysis has been implemented to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of coated carbide tools in hard turning. From the experimental results, a promising machining performance is noticed for TiAlN + AlCrN coated carbide inserts in terms of all machining attributes compared to uncoated carbide inserts due to superior wear resistance, and surface hardness as well as strength of coating material. In summary, the multilayer TiAlN + AlCrN coated carbide tool offers significant cost savings (Rs. 12.82 in Indian currency), with a 9% reduction in production costs in comparison with hard turning via. uncoated insert (Rs. 14).
Exploring drivers of pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Malaysia
Authors: Eger William H , Adaralegbe Adeleye , Khati Antoine , Azwa Iskandar , Wickersham Jeffrey A , Osborne Sydney , Shrestha Roman
Published: July 2022

Background

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a valuable HIV prevention strategy, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM); however, PrEP uptake is below the threshold needed to curb the HIV epidemic among this group, especially in settings like Malaysia, where same-sex sexual behavior is illegal.

Methods

A sample of 355 participants completed an online survey between June and July 2020, recruited through geosocial networking apps for MSM and social networking websites (e.g. Facebook). We used descriptive and multivariable analyses to examine correlates of PrEP use within this population.

Results

The sample was predominantly Malay (53.5%), had monthly incomes greater than RM 3000 (USD 730) (52.7%), and a tertiary level of education (84.5%). About 80% of participants heard of PrEP prior to the survey, with significantly less (18.3%) having ever taken PrEP. In the adjusted multivariable logistic model, using drugs before or during sexual intercourse (“chemsex”) (AOR: 3.37; 95% CI: 1.44–7.89), being diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months (AOR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.13–3.85), HIV testing in the previous 6 months (AOR: 3.23; 95% CI: 1.74–5.99), and disclosure of sexual orientation (AOR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.02–3.34) were associated with having taken PrEP in the past.

Conclusions

This study revealed that PrEP use among Malaysian MSM is relatively low, despite high awareness, and is associated with healthcare engagement and high-risk behaviors. These results highlight the need to tailor outreach activities for individuals at increased risk for HIV and those disengaged with the health system.