bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Edible Electronic Components Made from Recycled Food Waste
Authors: Radovanović Milan R. , Stojanović Goran M. , Simić Mitar , Suvara Dragana , Milić Lazar , Kojić Sanja , Škrbić Biljana D.
Published: April 2024

A procedure is developed for producing basic electronic components utilizing materials sourced from discarded orange, grapefruit, lemon, apple, banana, potato, and carrot peels. Initially, these materials undergo dehydration, followed by a meticulous pulverization process to obtain fine powder. Natural adhesives like water, honey, sugar, starch, and gelatin are employed to interconnect the materials. Formed substrates are characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy, and an optical profilometer. Furthermore, the relative permittivity of the materials is determined. Three distinct types of substrates, derived from the aforementioned peels, are crafted in varying dimensions. Substrates measuring 4 cm × 2.5 cm host interdigital capacitive sensors, whereas larger 6 cm × 3.5 cm substrates accommodate inductor‐capacitor (LC) sensors. Each of the six samples undergoes individual dry testing, while LC sensors are additionally tested with the post‐application of artificial saliva and mouthwash liquids. The sensor's characterization involves measurement of impedance and phase angle for all samples. Capacitance is additionally measured for capacitors, and inductance for LC circuits. These assessments are carried out within the frequency range spanning from 1 MHz to 400 MHz. The objective is the development of fully functional electronic components, derived from discarded edible items, fostering sustainable practices, and finding applications in biomedicine.
Advancing Energy‐Storage Performance in Freestanding Ferroelectric Thin Films: Insights from Phase‐Field Simulations
Authors: Guo Changqing , Yang Huayu , Dong Shouzhe , Tang Shiyu , Wang Jing , Wang Xueyun , Huang Houbing
Published: April 2024

Advances in flexible electronics are driving the development of ferroelectric thin‐film capacitors toward flexibility and high energy storage performance. In the present work, the synergistic combination of mechanical bending and defect dipole engineering is demonstrated to significantly enhance the energy storage performance of freestanding ferroelectric thin films, achieved through the generation of a narrower and right‐shifted polarization‐electric field hysteresis loop. The recoverable energy storage density of freestanding PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 thin films increases from 99.7 J cm−3 in the strain (defect) ‐free state to 349.6 J cm−3, marking a significant increase of 251%. The collective impact of the flexoelectric field, bending tensile strain, and defect dipoles contributes to this enhancement. The demonstrated synergistic optimization strategy has potential applicability to flexible ferroelectric thin film systems. Moreover, the energy storage properties of flexible ferroelectric thin films can be further fine‐tuned by adjusting bending angles and defect dipole concentrations, offering a versatile platform for control and performance optimization.
The Dual Use of SAM Molecules for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Suo Jiajia , Yang Bowen , Bogachuk Dmitry , Boschloo Gerrit , Hagfeldt Anders
Published: April 2024

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) hold significant promise as the next‐generation materials in photovoltaic markets, owing to their ability to achieve impressive power conversion efficiencies, streamlined fabrication processes, cost‐effective manufacturing, and numerous other advantages. The utilization of self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) molecules has proven to be a significant success in enhancing device efficiency and extending device stability. This review highlights the dual use of SAM molecules in the realm of PSCs, which can not only serve as charge transport materials but also act as interfacial modulators. These research endeavors encompass a wide range of applications for various SAM molecules in both n‐i‐p and p‐i‐n structured PSCs, providing a deep insight into the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, this review proposes current research challenges for future investigations into SAM materials. This timely and thorough review seeks to provide direction and inspiration for current research efforts dedicated to the ongoing incorporation of SAMs in the field of perovskite photovoltaics.
Electrochemical Modeling of Fast Charging in Batteries
Authors: Duan Xudong , Hu Dayong , Chen Weiheng , Li Jiani , Wang Lubing , Sun Shuguo , Xu Jun
Published: April 2024

The acceleration of fast charging capabilities has emerged as a pivotal objective within the realms of the battery, electric vehicle, and energy storage sectors. However, the classical electrochemical models are not able to describe voltages of the cell (Ucell), anode (Ua), and cathode (Uc) at high C‐rates. Herein, Ucell, Ua, and Uc are experimentally obtained under various C‐rates (0.1–2C) and identified the charge transfer resistance of the cathode (RCT,c) as the primary rate‐limiting factor. Thus, the anode is established as a multi‐scale coupling model with Fick's law and phase separation model applied, to discuss their effect on Ua and Li‐ion concentration prediction. 2D reconstruction structures for the cathode is established with RCT,c effect considered. Finally, the Ua, Uc, and Ucell are successfully predicted at different C‐rates. Results propose an accurate and versatile electrochemical model and highlight the importance of considering limiting factors in electrochemical modeling for fast charging.
Nitrogen‐Doped Anodic Li Oxide Films as Robust Li Metal Anodes and Solid‐State Electrolytes
Authors: Fan Ye , Kim Donggun , Chen Yimin , Bi Daoguang , Han Qi , Cai Qiran , Hu Xin , Mateti Srikanth , Yu Baozhi , Chen Ying Ian
Published: April 2024

The performance of the lithium (Li) metal anode in rechargeable batteries has been hampered by the formation of unstable solid‐electrolyte interphase layers, which compromise cycle life and pose significant safety concerns. Herein, for the first time, the anodizing oxidation of pure Li in a liquid electrolyte is developed by using tetrahydrofuran with LiNO3. With this novel process, thickness‐controllable Li oxide films with in situ nitrogen doping during the anodizing process can be obtained. The resulting nitrogen‐doped Li oxide film (NLO) exhibits a uniform surface of the Li metal anode, effectively suppressing Li dendrite growth and simultaneously improving Li ionic conductivity. In addition, the Li metal full cells with Li/NLO anodes perform a long stable life of 1100 cycles at 5C. More importantly, this work demonstrates the great potential of NLO films as a solid‐state electrolyte in solid‐state Li metal batteries. The symmetric Li cells with NLO films perform excellent cycling stability for 300 h at 2 mA cm−2 current density and high Li+ ion conductivity of ≈3 ×10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature. This research not only provides a novel Li anodizing process and a stable Li metal anode but also opens up new possibilities for new solid‐state Li metal battery technologies.
Clinical case report of intractable paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity in TANGO2 deficiency disorder
Authors: Morrison Kaitlin , Koshiya Hitoshi , Safier Robert , Brown Amanda , May Carol , Vockley Jerry , Ghaloul‐Gonzalez Lina
Published: April 2024

TANGO2 deficiency disorder (TDD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a broad and variable spectrum of clinical manifestations, even among individuals sharing the same pathogenic variants. Here, we report a severely affected individual with TDD presenting with intractable paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH). While progressive brain atrophy has been observed in TDD, PSH has not been reported. Despite comprehensive workup for an acute trigger, no definite cause was identified, and pharmacological interventions were ineffective to treat PSH. Ultimately care was redirected to comfort measures. This article expands the clinical phenotype of patients with TDD, highlights the possibility of PSH in these patients, and the need for continued research for better treatments of TDD.
Further characterization of ARSK‐related mucopolysaccharidosis type 10
Authors: Uludağ Alkaya Dilek , Taner Hasan Emir , Yıldırım Timur , Akpınar Evren , Tüysüz Beyhan
Published: April 2024

Mucopolysaccharidosis type 10 is caused by biallelic variants in ARSK, which encodes for a lysosomal sulfatase. To date, seven patients with a mild phenotype resembling spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia or multiple epiphyseal dysplasia have been described. In this report, we present two novel ARSK variants and report clinical and radiological findings of three patients. The patients' initial complaints were hip or knee pain and a waddling gait. All patients showed normal intelligence, normal hearing and eye examinations, and none had organomegaly. While typical dysostosis multiplex findings were not observed, mild platyspondyly with anterior beaking of some vertebral bodies, irregular vertebral endplates, wide ribs, inferior tapering of the ilea with a poorly developed acetabulum, irregularity of the central part of the femoral head, delayed ossification of the carpals were noted. Remarkably, all patients showed metaphyseal striation of the long bones, a crucial diagnostic clue to identify ARSK‐related MPS type 10. Interestingly, vertebral involvement regressed during follow‐up. On the other hand, hip dysplasia progressed in all patients. In conclusion, this study provides valuable long‐term results on a recently discovered form of MPS.
Prognostic factors in mobility disability among elderly patients in the emergency department: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Nagatomi Akiyoshi , Wakatake Haruaki , Masui Yoshihiro , Fujitani Shigeki
Published: April 2024

Aim

We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of elderly critically ill patients and identify prognostic factors for mobility disability at discharge.

Methods

This single‐center, retrospective cohort study investigated the period from April 2020 to January 2021. Patients ≥75 years old transferred to our emergency department and admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) or intermediate unit in our hospital were eligible. Demographics, clinical characteristics, nutritional indicators, and nutritional screening scores were collected from chart reviews and analyzed. The primary outcome was the prevalence of mobility disability, compared to that of no mobility disability.

Results

A total of 124 patients were included in this present study. Median age was 83.0 years (interquartile range [IQR], 79.8–87.0 years) and 48 patients (38.7%) were female. Fifty‐two patients (41.9%) could not walk independently at discharge (mobility disability group). The remaining 72 patients were in the no mobility disability group. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed clinical frailty scale (CFS) score ≥5 (odds ratio [OR] = 6.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.51–17.52, p < 0.001), SOFA score ≥6 (OR = 6.11, 95% CI = 1.57–23.77, p = 0.009), and neurological disorder as the main cause on admission (OR = 4.48, 95% CI = 1.52–13.20, p = 0.006) were independent and significant prognostic factors for mobility disability at discharge.

Conclusion

Among elderly patients admitted to the emergency department, CFS ≥5, SOFA ≥6, and neurological disorders were associated with mobility disability at hospital discharge.
Association between eGFR and neurological outcomes among patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest: A nationwide prospective study in Japan
Authors: Kandori Kenji , Okada Asami , Nakajima Satoshi , Matsuyama Tasuku , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Narumiya Hiromichi , Iizuka Ryoji , Hitosugi Masahito , Okada Yohei
Published: April 2024

Aim

We aimed to investigate the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate and prognosis in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients and explore the heterogeneity of the association.

Methods

Patients experiencing out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest due to medical causes and registered in the JAAM‐OHCA Registry between June 2014 and December 2019 were stratified into shockable rhythm, pulseless electrical activity, and asystole groups according to the cardiac rhythm at the scene. The primary outcome was a 1‐month favorable neurological status. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to investigate the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate and outcomes using a logistic model.

Results

Of the 19,443 patients included, 2769 had initial shockable rhythm at the scene, 5339 had pulseless electrical activity, and 11,335 had asystole. As the estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased, the adjusted odds ratio for a 1‐month favorable neurological status decreased among those with initial shockable rhythm (estimated glomerular filtration rate, adjusted odds ratio [95% CI]: 45–59 mL/min/1.73 m2, 0.61 [0.47–0.79]; 30–44 mL/min/1.73 m2, 0.45 [0.32–0.62]; 15–29 mL/min/1.73 m2, 0.35 [0.20–0.63]; and <15 mL/min/1.73 m2, 0.14 [0.07–0.27]). Estimated glomerular filtration rate was associated with neurological outcomes in patients aged <65 years with initial shockable rhythm but not in those aged >65 years or patients with initial pulseless electrical activity or asystole.

Conclusion

The estimated glomerular filtration rate is associated with neurological prognosis in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients with initial shockable rhythm at the scene but not in those with initial non‐shockable rhythm.
Paraneoplastic Calmodulin Kinase‐Like Vesicle‐Associated Protein (CAMKV) Autoimmune Encephalitis
Authors: Gilligan Michael , Lesnick Connie E. , Guo Yong , Bradshaw Michael J. , Ladha Shafeeq S. , Nowak Mihaela , Shah Maulik P. , Wittenborn John R. , Basal Eati , Hinson Shannon , Yang Binxia , Dubey Divyanshu , Mills John R. , Pittock Sean J. , Zekeridou Anastasia , McKeon Andrew
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To report an autoimmune paraneoplastic encephalitis characterized by immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody targeting synaptic protein calmodulin kinase‐like vesicle‐associated (CAMKV).

Methods

Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples harboring unclassified antibodies on murine brain‐based indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) were screened by human protein microarray. In 5 patients with identical cerebral IFA staining, CAMKV was identified as top‐ranking candidate antigen. Western blots, confocal microscopy, immune‐absorption, and mass spectrometry were performed to substantiate CAMKV specificity. Recombinant CAMKV‐specific assays (cell‐based [fixed and live] and Western blot) provided additional confirmation.

Results

Of 5 CAMKV‐IgG positive patients, 3 were women (median symptom‐onset age was 59 years; range, 53–74). Encephalitis‐onset was subacute (4) or acute (1) and manifested with: altered mental status (all), seizures (4), hyperkinetic movements (4), psychiatric features (3), memory loss (2), and insomnia (2). Paraclinical testing revealed CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis (all 4 tested), electrographic seizures (3 of 4 tested), and striking MRI abnormalities in all (mesial temporal lobe T2 hyperintensities [all patients], caudate head T2 hyperintensities [3], and cortical diffusion weighted hyperintensities [2]). None had post‐gadolinium enhancement. Cancers were uterine adenocarcinoma (3 patients: poorly differentiated or neuroendocrine‐differentiated in 2, both demonstrated CAMKV immunoreactivity), bladder urothelial carcinoma (1), and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (1). Two patients developed encephalitis following immune checkpoint inhibitor cancer therapy (atezolizumab [1], pembrolizumab [1]). All treated patients (4) demonstrated an initial response to immunotherapy (corticosteroids [4], IVIG [2]), though 3 died from cancer.

Interpretation

CAMKV‐IgG is a biomarker of immunotherapy‐responsive paraneoplastic encephalitis with temporal and extratemporal features and uterine cancer as a prominent oncologic association. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:21–33
Electrophilic Hydrosilylation of Electron‐Rich Alkenes Derived from Enamines
Authors: Laglera‐Gándara Carlos J. , Jiménez‐Pérez Julián , Fernández‐de‐Córdova Francisco J. , Ríos Pablo , Conejero Salvador
Published: April 2024

The low‐electron count, air‐stable, platinum complexes [Pt(ItBu’)(ItBu)][BArF] (C1) (ItBu=1,3‐di‐tert‐butylimidazol‐2‐ylidene), [Pt(SiPh)3(ItBuiPr)2][BArF] (C2) (ItBuiPr=1‐tert‐butyl‐3‐iso‐propylimidazol‐2‐ylidene), [Pt(SiPh)3(ItBuMe)2][BArF] (C3), [Pt(GePh3)(ItBuiPr)2][BArF] (C4), [Pt(GePh)3(ItBuMe)2][BArF] (C5) and [Pt(GeEt)3(ItBuMe)2][BArF] (C6) (ItBuMe=1‐tert‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazol‐2‐ylidene) are efficient catalysts (particularly the germyl derivatives) in both the silylative dehydrocoupling and hydrosilylation of electron rich alkenes derived from enamines. The steric hindrance exerted by the NHC ligand plays an important role in the selectivity of the reaction. Thus, bulky ligands are selective towards the silylative dehydrocoupling process whereas less sterically hindered promote the selective hydrosilylation reaction. The latter is, in addition, regioselective towards the β‐carbon atom of both internal and terminal enamines, leading to β‐aminosilanes. Moreover, the syn stereochemistry of the amino and silyl groups implies an anti Si−H bond addition across the double bond. All these facts point to a mechanistic picture that, according to experimental and computational studies, involves a non‐classical hydrosilylation process through an outer‐sphere mechanism in which a formal nucleophilic addition of the enamine to the silicon atom of a platinum σ‐SiH complex is the key step. This is in sharp contrast with the classical Chalk–Harrod mechanism prevalent in platinum chemistry.
Ideal Cage‐like Pores for Molecular Sieving of Butane Isomers with High Purity and Record Productivity
Authors: Ji Zhenyu , Zhou Yunzhe , Chen Cheng , Yuan Daqiang , Wu Mingyan , Hong Maochun
Published: April 2024

n‐C4H10 and iso‐C4H10 are both important petrochemical raw materials. Considering the coexistence of the isomers in the production process, it is necessary to achieve their efficient separation through an economical way. However, to obtain high‐purity n‐C4H10 and iso‐C4H10 in one‐step separation process, developing iso‐C4H10‐exclusion adsorbents with high n‐C4H10 adsorption capacity is crucial. Herein, we report a cage‐like MOF (SIFSIX‐Cu‐TPA) with small windows and large cavities which can selectively allow smaller n‐C4H10 enter the pore and accommodate a large amount of n‐C4H10 simultaneously. Adsorption isotherms reveal that SIFSIX‐Cu‐TPA not only completely excludes iso‐C4H10 in a wide temperature range, but also exhibits a very high n‐C4H10 adsorption capacity of 94.2 cm3 g−1 at 100 kPa and 298 K, which is the highest value among iso‐C4H10‐exclusion‐type adsorbents. Breakthrough experiments show that SIFSIX‐Cu‐TPA has excellent n/iso‐C4H10 separation performance and can achieve a record‐high productivity of iso‐C4H10 (3.2 mol kg−1) with high purity (>99.95 %) as well as 3.0 mol kg−1 of n‐C4H10 (>99 %) in one separation circle. More importantly, SIFSIX‐Cu‐TPA can realize the efficient separation of butanes at different flow rates, temperatures, as well as under high humid condition, which indicates that SIFSIX‐Cu‐TPA can be deemed as an ideal platform for industrial butane isomers separation.
Genuine carbene versus carbene‐like reactivity
Authors: Lorkowski Jan , Yorkgitis Patrick , Serrato Melinda R. , Gembicky Milan , Pietraszuk Cezary , Bertrand Guy , Jazzar Rodolphe
Published: April 2024

Singlet carbenes are not always isolable and often even elude direct detection. When they escape observation, their formation can sometimes be evidenced by in situ trapping experiments. However, is carbene‐like reactivity genuine evidence of carbene formation? Herein, using the first example of a spectroscopically characterized cyclic (amino)(aryl)carbene (CAArC), we cast doubt on the most common carbene trapping reactions as sufficient proof of carbene formation.
Sensitive and highly selective biosensor based on innovative V2O5 nanoparticles for detection of glutathione
Authors: Lu Han , Xiang Zhenbo , Ren Qiang
Published: April 2024

In this study, V2O5 nanoparticles with flake or prism‐like morphology were synthesized using a two‐step solvothermal synthesis and calcination process for the first time. These nanoparticles exhibited intrinsic oxidase‐like activity, catalyzing the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine to produce blue oxidized 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine even in the absence of H2O2, with a characteristic absorption peak at 652 nm. Upon the introduction of glutathione (GSH), the solution color gradually lightened, correlating with a reduction in absorbance. Leveraging these properties, we developed a simple, sensitive, and highly selective colorimetric biosensor utilizing V2O5 nanoparticles for GSH detection in human serum. The developed method demonstrated excellent linearity over a range of 1–30 μM, with a low detection limit of 4.04 nM. Additionally, it exhibited outstanding selectivity against common interfering substances in human serum. Furthermore, this biosensor enabled both naked‐eye detection and spectrophotometric quantitative analysis of GSH. Successful application to spiked serum samples yielded recoveries ranging from 97.1% to 101.7%. Overall, this method offers a promising approach for determining GSH content in human serum, with significant potential for biomedical testing applications. Its rapid and accurate detection capability may contribute to early diagnosis and treatment of various fatal diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
Ultra‐light fluorinated polyimide foams with excellent thermal insulation, low dielectric loss and high heat resistance
Authors: Jia Jialin , Sun Yunlong , Zang Shuyan , Nie Heran , Zhou Huafeng , Zhou Guangyuan
Published: April 2024

High efficiency thermal insulation materials are highly desirable in aerospace industry, whereas combining low density and low thermal conductivity of thermal insulation materials still remains a challenge. In this work, a series of fluorinated polyimide foams (PIFs) based on 4,4‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) were successfully prepared by microwave‐assisted powder foaming. The modification of fluorination decreased the melt strength while simultaneously enhanced the thermal properties of fluorinated PIFs through the high bonding energy of CF bond. Thus, fluorinated PIFs exhibited one of the lowest densities of reported PIFs, among them, the density of PIF6FDA‐DMBZ was as low as 9.34 kg m−3. The glass transition temperature of all fluorinated PIFs was greater than 295°C. Microwave‐assisted foaming optimized the cell structure effectively, resulting in the thermal conductivity of PIF6FDA‐ODA as low as 0.029 W m−1 K−1. The incorporation of hexafluoroisopropylidene groups reduced the polarization and enhanced the free volume of fluorinated PIFs, leading to hydrophobic characteristics (CA >105°) and ultra‐low dielectric loss properties (tan δ <0.001 at 20 GHz). PIF6FDA‐ODA demonstrated the most excellent comprehensive performance. The excellent comprehensive performance of fluorinated PIFs indicated their potential application as thermal insulation and wave‐transparent materials in aerospace, railway, and shipbuilding industries.
Evaluating extinct pseudosuchian body mass estimates using a femur volume‐based model
Authors: Woodward Holly N. , Aubier Paul , de Sena Mariana Valéria Araújo , Cubo Jorge
Published: April 2024

The clade Pseudosuchia appeared 250 million years ago. The exclusively semi‐aquatic Crocodylia, which includes crocodiles, alligators, caimans, and gharials is the only surviving subgroup. Investigating Crocodylia biology is pivotal for inferring traits of extinct pseudosuchians. Alligator femur length is widely used for modeling pseudosuchian body mass, but the regression is influenced by sex and captivity status, leading to potential accuracy problems. An alternative model results from the correlation between alligator femur volume and body mass, which is unaffected by those covariates. Here, an alligator femur volume‐based regression is applied to estimate the masses of non‐crocodylian pseudosuchians, encompassing goniopholids, dyrosaurs, notosuchians, and thalattosuchians. For each, femur volume as the predictor yields lower body masses than does femur length. Morphological resemblances to existing crocodylians support the inference that extinct goniopholids and dyrosaurs were semi‐aquatic. Therefore, body masses predicted from femur length and volume should be reasonable, although larger body masses obtained from femur length may reflect sensitivity to sex or environmental factors. Fully terrestrial notosuchians had proportionately longer femora for their body sizes compared to semi‐aquatic crocodylians, suggesting that the higher body masses predicted from alligator femur length are overestimates. Fully aquatic thalattosuchians, skeletally adapted for buoyancy and with reduced reliance on the femur for locomotion, pose challenges for both femur length and volume‐based models. The results of this study advocate for the use of femur volume to predict body mass, particularly for semi‐aquatic and terrestrial pseudosuchians, and encourage further exploration of volumetric models as body size predictors for extinct vertebrates.
Regulating Diffusion Coefficient of Li+ by High Binding Energy Anion towards Ultra‐Low Temperature Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Qiu , Luo Pan , Liao Li , Shen Yin , Luo Xiaoshuang , Li Xinpeng , Wen Xuanzhong , Song Jialin , Yu Bo , Chen Junchen , Guo Bingshu , Wang Mingshan , Huang Yun , Liu Fuliang , Liu Jiangtao , Li Zhedong , Ma Jingrun , Wang Shuiyong , Li Xing
Published: April 2024

Electrolyte design is the optimal strategy to achieve extremely low temperature operation of lithium‐ion batteries. Here, the diffusion coefficient of Li+ is proposed to improve the ion transport kinetics at low temperatures. The diffusion coefficient of Li+ is improved by constructing a Li+ solvation sheath with weak steric effects. Specifically, high binding energy BF4− anions are added to a 1 M LiPF6 in propyl acetate (PA) electrolyte. Since the binding energy of Li+ with BF4− is greater than that of PA. Therefore, the small‐sized BF4− replaces the large‐sized PA molecule to form a Li+ solvation sheath with a weak steric effect, which increases the diffusion coefficient of Li+. Using the high diffusion coefficient electrolyte, the 800 mAh pouch cell retain 91 % and 75 % of its room temperature capacity at −40 °C(0.5 C rate) and −60 °C (0.2 C rate), respectively. And it also shows stable cycling at −40 °C. This work provides a new strategy for designing low‐temperature electrolytes of lithium‐ion batteries.
Engineering of the Lrp/AsnC‐type transcriptional regulator DecR as a genetically encoded biosensor for multilevel optimization of L‐cysteine biosynthesis pathway in Escherichia coli
Authors: Zhou Zhiyou , Li Zonglin , Zhong Yahui , Xu Shuai , Li Zhimin
Published: April 2024

L‐cysteine is an important sulfur‐containing amino acid being difficult to produce by microbial fermentation. Due to the lack of high‐throughput screening methods, existing genetically engineered bacteria have been developed by simply optimizing the expression of L‐cysteine‐related genes one by one. To overcome this limitation, in this study, a biosensor‐based approach for multilevel biosynthetic pathway optimization of L‐cysteine from the DecR regulator variant of Escherichia coli was applied. Through protein engineering, we obtained the DecRN29Y/C81E/M90Q/M99E variant‐based biosensor with improved specificity and an 8.71‐fold increase in dynamic range. Using the developed biosensor, we performed high‐throughput screening of the constructed promoter and RBS combination library, and successfully obtained the optimized strain, which resulted in a 6.29‐fold increase in L‐cysteine production. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (EMSA) showed that the N29Y/C81E/M90Q/M99E variant had enhanced induction activity. This enhancement may be due to the increased binding of the variant to DNA in the presence of L‐cysteine, which enhances transcriptional activation. Overall, our biosensor‐based strategy provides a promising approach for optimizing biosynthetic pathways at multiple levels. The successful implementation of this strategy demonstrates its potential for screening improved recombinant strains.
Wellbeing and religious community participation: Exploring resources for wellbeing in areas of socio‐economic deprivation in the United Kingdom
Authors: Fry Alex D. J.
Published: April 2024

A decrease in wellbeing in the United Kingdom since the 2008 economic crisis has been compounded by the closure of community groups in socio‐economically deprived areas. This leaves churches as one of the few communal groups for fostering wellbeing, despite a dearth of research on religiosity and wellbeing in such areas. This article draws on semi‐structured interviews, supplemented with participant observations and ethnographic observations, to explore the social processes involved in shaping experiences of wellbeing amongst religious communities in socio‐economically deprived areas in North East England. It identifies the resources available for wellbeing and the points at which they are accessed. It also expands the existing conception of wellbeing by: (i) unpacking and refining a three‐tiered structure for understanding wellbeing; (ii) identifying a wellbeing paradox, whereby interpersonal vulnerability supports and undermines wellbeing; and (iii) mapping the relationships between the micro, meso and macro levels in shaping experiences of wellbeing, highlighting the need for more qualitative studies of subjective wellbeing. As it does so, this article offers practical insights that can guide those with pastoral responsibilities in areas of socio‐economic deprivation to foster higher levels of wellbeing in their communities.
Organophotocatalytic Remote Thiocyanation Reaction via Ring‐Opening Functionalization of Cycloalkanols
Authors: Hua Ruirui , Wang Qing , Yin Hongquan , Chen Fu‐Xue
Published: April 2024

The remote C(sp3)‐SCN bond formation via ring‐opening functionalization of cycloalkanols with N‐thiocyanatosaccharin as the precursor of SCN radicals and pyrylium salt as the organic photocatalyst under visible light has been developed. Thus, various terminal keto thiocyanates were prepared without transition metals and oxidants in moderate to good yields. The simplicity, wide substrate scope and mild conditions feature its synthetic application capability.
Molecular‐Level Insight into the Chlorofluorocarbons Adsorption by Defective Covalent Organic Polymers
Authors: Shen Jian , Wahiduzzaman Mohammad , Kumar Abhishek , Barpaga Dushyant , Peter McGrail B. , Thallapally Praveen K , Maurin Guillaume , Kishan Motkuri Radha
Published: April 2024

Halocarbons have important industrial applications, but because of their contribution to global warming and the fact that they can cause ozone depletion, they are considered highly toxic. Hence, the techniques that can capture and recover the used halocarbons with energy‐efficient methods have been recently received greater attention. In this contribution, we report the capture of dichlorodifluoromethane (R12), which has high global warming and ozone depletion potential, using covalent organic polymers (COPs). The defect‐engineered COPs were synthesized and demonstrated outstanding sorption capacities, ~226 wt % of R12 combined with linear‐shaped adsorption isotherms. We further identified the plausible microscopic adsorption mechanism of the investigated COPs via grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations applied to non‐defective and a collection of atomistic models of the defective COPs. The modeling work suggests that significant R12 adsorption performance is attributed to a gradual increment of porosities due to isolated/interconnected micro‐/meso‐pore channels and the change of the long‐range ordering of both COPs. The successive hierarchical‐pore‐filling mechanism promotes R12 molecular adsorption via moderate van der Waals adsorbate‐adsorbent interactions in the micropores of both COPs at low pressure followed by adsorbate‐adsorbate interactions in the extra‐voids created at moderate to high pressure ranges. This continuous pore‐filling mechanism makes defective COPs as promising sorbents for halocarbon adsorption.
Association of Official Racing Chemists guidelines for drug testing in animal hair for doping control
Authors: Gray Bob , Bailly‐Chouriberry Ludovic , Kwok Wai Him , Yamada Sean , Yamada Masayuki , Moeller Benjamin
Published: April 2024

The Association of Official Racing Chemists (AORC) guidelines for drug testing in animal hair provide animal sport doping control laboratories with a framework for the implementation of a robust and legally defensible program for the analysis, both screening and confirmatory, of animal hair samples. The guidelines were compiled by the AORC Hair Analysis Committee, which is comprised of experts from animal sport doping control laboratories around the world, before being ratified by the AORC membership. They provide guidance on all stages of animal hair analysis, from sample collection, through sample pre‐treatment and extraction and onto instrumental analysis.
A “Concentrated Ionogel‐in‐Ceramic” Silanization Composite Electrolyte with Superior Bulk Conductivity and Low Interfacial Resistance for Quasi‐Solid‐State Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Hou Wangshu , Chen Zongyuan , Wang Shengxian , Wei Fengkun , Zhai Yanfang , Hu Ning , Song Shufeng
Published: April 2024

The ideal composite electrolyte for the pursued safe and high‐energy‐density lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is expected to demonstrate peculiarity of superior bulk conductivity, low interfacial resistances, and good compatibility against both Li‐metal anode and high‐voltage cathode. There is no composite electrolyte to synchronously meet all these requirements yet, and the battery performance is inhibited by the absence of effective electrolyte design. Here we report a unique “concentrated ionogel‐in‐ceramic” silanization composite electrolyte (SCE) and validate an electrolyte design strategy based on the coupling of high‐content silane‐conditioning garnet and concentrated ionogel that builds well‐percolated Li+ transport pathways and tackles the interface issues to respond all the aforementioned requirements. It is revealed that the silane conditioning enables the uniform dispersion of garnet nanoparticles at high content (70 wt%) and forms mixed‐lithiophobic‐conductive LiF‐Li3N solid electrolyte interphase. Notably, the yielding SCE delivers an ultrahigh ionic conductivity of 1.76 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C, an extremely low Li‐metal/electrolyte interfacial area‐specific resistance of 13 Ω cm2, and a distinctly excellent long‐term 1200 cycling without any capacity decay in 4.3 V Li||LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) quasi‐solid‐state LMB. This composite electrolyte design strategy can be extended to other quasi−/solid‐state LMBs.
Enhanced Electrical Properties of Bi2−xSbxTe3 Nanoflake Thin Films Through Interface Engineering
Authors: Wu Xudong , Ding Junjie , Cui Wenjun , Lin Weixiao , Xue Zefan , Yang Zhi , Liu Jiahui , Nie Xiaolei , Zhu Wanting , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf , Sang Xiahan
Published: April 2024

The structure–property relationship at interfaces is difficult to probe for thermoelectric materials with a complex interfacial microstructure. Designing thermoelectric materials with a simple, structurally‐uniform interface provides a facile way to understand how these interfaces influence the transport properties. Here, we synthesized Bi2−xSbxTe3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4) nanoflakes using a hydrothermal method, and prepared Bi2−xSbxTe3 thin films with predominantly (0001) interfaces by stacking the nanoflakes through spin coating. The influence of the annealing temperature and Sb content on the (0001) interface structure was systematically investigated at atomic scale using aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. Annealing and Sb doping facilitate atom diffusion and migration between adjacent nanoflakes along the (0001) interface. As such it enhances interfacial connectivity and improves the electrical transport properties. Interfac reactions create new interfaces that increase the scattering and the Seebeck coefficient. Due to the simultaneous optimization of electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient, the maximum power factor of the Bi1.8Sb0.2Te3 nanoflake films reaches 1.72 mW m−1 K−2, which is 43% higher than that of a pure Bi2Te3 thin film.
Intramyocardial calcification in apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy assessed using multimodality imaging: a case series
Authors: Radano Ilaria , Mabritto Barbara , Luceri Stefania , Bongioanni Sergio , Maiellaro Francesco , Zappia Luca , Lario Chiara , Macera Annalisa , Cirillo Stefano , Pizzuti Alfredo , Citro Rodolfo , Galasso Gennaro , Musumeci Giuseppe
Published: April 2024

Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM) is an HCM variant, affecting frequently males in midlife. It is characterized by apical obliteration and persistent diastolic contraction, often resulting in microvascular ischaemia. We report five cases of ApHCM, with evidence of intramyocardial calcification on echocardiogram. On cardiac magnetic imaging (MRI), a hypointense component at early gadolinium enhancement (EGE) sequences, compatible with calcium, and a deep layer, with hyperintensity at late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) sequences, referable to fibrosis, suggest an endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) diagnosis. EMF pathologic hallmark is endocardium and myocardium scarring, evolving to dystrophic calcification. It is found only in few ApHCM patients. Our series is the largest one described until now. Analysing patients' history, coexistent inflammatory triggers were evident in all of them, so their co‐morbidities could represent a further cause of small vessel disease, in the context of ischaemic microvascular stress due to hypertrophy, leading to fibrosis and dystrophic calcification. This series could demonstrate the relation between apical fibrosis/calcification and microvascular ischaemia due to hypertrophy and inflammatory triggers.
Solvent and Dihalide Substituent Effects on Crystal Structure, Spin‐Crossover Behavior and Conductivity of the Cationic Mn(III) Complexes with Electroactive TCNQ Counteranions
Authors: Tiunova Aleksandra V. , Korchagin Denis V. , Kazakova Anna V. , Shilov Gennady V. , Buravov Lev I. , Dmitriev Aleksei I. , Zhidkov Mikhail V. , Zverev Vladimir N. , Yagubskii Eduard B. , Aldoshin Sergei M.
Published: April 2024

Cationic Mn(III) complexes with 3,5‐Hal‐sal2323 (Hal=diCl, diBr, BrCl) ligands containing electroactive TCNQ anions as counterions have been synthesized: [Mn(3,5‐diCl‐sal2323)](TCNQ)2 (1), [Mn(3,5‐diBr‐sal2323)]2(TCNQ)3⋅6CH3CN (2), and [Mn(3,5‐Br,Cl‐sal2323)]2(TCNQ)3⋅6CH3CN (3). The crystal structures, magnetic and conducting properties of the obtained compounds have been investigated. In 1, an incomplete spin transition from the low‐spin (LS) state at 100 K to the high‐spin (HS) state upon heating to 400 K is observed. Isostructural complexes 2 and 3 contain 6 molecules of solvated acetonitrile, which is lost upon heating, accompanied by the crystal structure transformation. As a result, desolvated complexes jump to the HS state. The temperature dependences of resistivity 2 and 3 show resistivity jumps associated with the loss of lattice solvent.
Short all‐out isokinetic cycling exercises of 90 and 15 s unlock exercise‐induced hypoalgesia
Authors: Tomschi Fabian , Schulz Jana , Stephan Holger , Hilberg Thomas
Published: April 2024

Background

Acute physical activity leads to exercise‐induced hypoalgesia (EIH). However, to what degree it can be induced by very short but highly intensive exercise is largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the effects of two different short all‐out isokinetic exercise sessions on EIH.

Methods

Twenty young male participants underwent three different interventions (90, 15 s all‐out isokinetic cycling, respectively, and control) after an individualized low‐intensity warm‐up in a randomized‐controlled‐crossover design. Before (pre), after warm‐up (post 1) as well as immediately post‐intervention (post 2) pain sensitivity was measured employing pressure pain thresholds (PPT; in N) at the elbow, knee and ankle joints as well as the sternum and forehead. Performance parameters (e.g. lactate, perceived exertion, heart rate) were documented.

Results

A ‘time’ × ‘intervention’ × ‘body site’ interaction effect (p < 0.001, η2 partial = 0.110) was observed for PPT. Both isokinetic interventions resulted in EIH at all body sites, even after ruling out any warm‐up effects, while effects were larger for 90 s (maximum increase of 25.7 ± 11.7 N) compared to 15 s (maximum increase of 19.3 ± 18.9 N), and control (maximum increase of 8.0 ± 6.1 N). Compared to control, 15 s also resulted in hypoalgesic effects and differences were not observed at all sites. In this study, 90 s resulted in higher lactate, subjective exhaustion and heart rate levels compared to 15 s and control (p < 0.001), while higher values were also observed for 15 s compared to control.

Conclusion

Global EIH assessed immediately after exercise can be induced by short highly intensive exercises. The effects are greater when the subjective and the objective exertion are higher as induced by the 90 s intervention.

Significance Statement

This study investigates the potential for brief, highly intensive exercise sessions to induce exercise‐induced hypoalgesia (EIH). The research demonstrates that EIH can indeed be triggered by such short workouts, with greater effects observed during a 90 s session compared to a 15 s one, most likely due to higher subjective and objective exertion. These findings offer insights into the potential for extremely brief but intense exercises to alleviate pain, impacting exercise recommendations and pain management strategies.
Weight gain and eating disorder symptoms among individuals with atypical anorexia nervosa
Authors: Rienecke Renee D. , Manwaring Jamie , Duffy Alan , Le Grange Daniel , Mehler Philip S. , Blalock Dan V.
Published: April 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between weight gain and eating disorder (ED) symptoms among adults receiving treatment for atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN), to determine whether those who had a higher percent of expected body weight (%EBW) at discharge exhibited lower ED symptoms than those who gained less weight, and to compare this group to a matched sample of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN).

Method

Participants were 96 adults receiving treatment at an ED treatment facility between December 2020 and May 2023. The Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) was completed at admission and discharge, and %EBW was obtained at admission and discharge.

Results

All EDE‐Q subscale scores improved from admission to discharge for patients with AAN and patients with AN. Neither %EBW at discharge nor weight gain were associated with EDE‐Q subscale scores for those with AAN. For patients with AN, %EBW at discharge and weight gain were associated with EDE‐Q Restraint at discharge.

Conclusions

Weight restoring to a higher level and gaining more weight were not associated with EDE‐Q scores at discharge for AAN. Further research is needed to determine how weight restoration using intensive treatment settings affects remission and recovery in patients with AAN.
Shared genetic risk between major orofacial cleft phenotypes in an African population
Authors: Alade Azeez , Peter Tabitha , Busch Tamara , Awotoye Waheed , Anand Deepti , Abimbola Oladayo , Aladenika Emmanuel , Olujitan Mojisola , Rysavy Oscar , Nguyen Phuong Fawng , Naicker Thirona , Mossey Peter A. , Gowans Lord J. J. , Eshete Mekonen A. , Adeyemo Wasiu L. , Zeng Erliang , Van Otterloo Eric , O'Rorke Michael , Adeyemo Adebowale , Murray Jeffrey C. , Lachke Salil A. , Romitti Paul A. , Butali Azeez
Published: April 2024

Nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs) represent a large proportion (70%–80%) of all OFCs. They can be broadly categorized into nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) and nonsyndromic cleft palate only (NSCPO). Although NSCL/P and NSCPO are considered etiologically distinct, recent evidence suggests the presence of shared genetic risks. Thus, we investigated the genetic overlap between NSCL/P and NSCPO using African genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data on NSOFCs. These data consist of 814 NSCL/P, 205 NSCPO cases, and 2159 unrelated controls. We generated common single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs) association summary statistics separately for each phenotype (NSCL/P and NSCPO) under an additive genetic model. Subsequently, we employed the pleiotropic analysis under the composite null (PLACO) method to test for genetic overlap. Our analysis identified two loci with genome‐wide significance (rs181737795 [p = 2.58E−08] and rs2221169 [p = 4.5E−08]) and one locus with marginal significance (rs187523265 [p = 5.22E−08]). Using mouse transcriptomics data and information from genetic phenotype databases, we identified MDN1, MAP3k7, KMT2A, ARCN1, and VADC2 as top candidate genes for the associated SNVs. These findings enhance our understanding of genetic variants associated with NSOFCs and identify potential candidate genes for further exploration.
The market reaction of S&P 500 firms to the SEC's mandatory climate disclosure proposal
Authors: Kim Martin M.
Published: April 2024

This study examines how investors of S&P 500 firms react to the SEC's mandatory climate disclosure proposal announced on March 21, 2022. The result of the event study with a 3‐day window [−1,1] shows a negative 1.1% market reaction to the proposal. The cross‐sectional analysis shows that better ESG performers, higher sales growth firms, and firms with higher Tobin's Q alleviate the negative equity market reactions to the proposal. This study shows how equity market participants react to more stringent ESG‐related disclosure and how the response may relate to S&P 500 firms’ ESG performance, growth, and market performance.
On equitably 2‐colourable odd cycle decompositions
Authors: Burgess Andrea , Merola Francesca
Published: April 2024

An ‐cycle decomposition of is said to be equitably 2‐colourable if there is a 2‐vertex‐colouring of such that each colour is represented (approximately) an equal number of times on each cycle: more precisely, we ask that in each cycle of the decomposition, each colour appears on or of the vertices of . In this paper we study the existence of equitably 2‐colourable ‐cycle decompositions of , where is odd, and prove the existence of such a decomposition for (mod ).
Longitudinal changes in depression and anxiety during the COVID‐19 pandemic and the impact of COVID‐related factors
Authors: Fleming CJ Eubanks , Rose Abbey L. , Franzese Alexis T. , Weaver Mark
Published: April 2024

Objective

This study is an investigation of five specific COVID‐related stressors and their longitudinal impact on adult depression and anxiety.

Method

A total of 592 adults comprised the initial sample at Time 1 in April/May 2020. Follow‐ups were conducted about a month later, again in March 2021 and then in March 2022.

Results

Applied linear mixed effect models showed a significant decrease in mean depression scores and anxiety scores from Time 1 to both Times 3 and 4. Neither change over time in anxiety or depression were found to be related to COVID diagnosis, COVID hospitalization, or COVID death. Self‐quarantine was related to changes over time in both depression and anxiety, and household quarantine was related to changes over time in depression.

Conclusion

While the fallout of the pandemic continues, it is important to understand how these factors may be affecting mental health to better understand where intervention is necessary.