bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospective evaluation of artificial intelligence (AI) applications for use in cancer pathways following diagnosis: a systematic review
Authors: Macheka Sheba , Ng Peng Yun , Ginsburg Ophira , Hope Andrew , Sullivan Richard , Aggarwal Ajay
Published: May 2024

The role of artificial intelligence (AI) in cancer care has evolved in the face of ageing population, workforce shortages and technological advancement. Despite recent uptake in AI research and adoption, the extent to which it improves quality, efficiency and equity of care beyond cancer diagnostics is uncertain to date. Henceforth, the objective of our systematic review is to assess the clinical readiness and deployability of AI through evaluation of prospective studies of AI in cancer care following diagnosis.

We undertook a systematic review to determine the types of AI involved and their respective outcomes. A PubMed and Web of Science search between 1 January 2013 and 1 May 2023 identified 15 articles detailing prospective evaluation of AI in postdiagnostic cancer pathway. We appraised all studies using Risk of Bias Assessment of Randomised Controlled Trials and Risk of Bias In Non-randomised Studies-of Interventions quality assessment tools, as well as implementational analysis concerning time, cost and resource, to ascertain the quality of clinical evidence and real-world feasibility of AI.

The results revealed that the majority of AI oncological research remained experimental without prospective clinical validation or deployment. Most studies failed to establish clinical validity and to translate measured AI efficacy into beneficial clinical outcomes. AI research are limited by lack of research standardisation and health system interoperability. Furthermore, implementational analysis and equity considerations of AI were largely missing.

To overcome the triad of low-level clinical evidence, efficacy-outcome gap and incompatible research ecosystem for AI, future work should focus on multicollaborative AI implementation research designed and conducted in accordance with up-to-date research standards and local health systems.
Unmasking mental health symptoms in female professional football players: a 12-month follow-up study
Authors: Bilgoe Sharaisha Chanita , Janse van Rensburg Dina Christina (Christa) , Goedhart Edwin , Orhant Emmanuel , Kerkhoffs Gino , Gouttebarge Vincent
Published: May 2024

Objective

To calculate the prevalence rates of mental health symptoms among female professional football players over a 12-month period and to explore the associations of severe injury and related surgery with mental health symptoms among female professional footballers.

Methods

An observational prospective cohort study was conducted over a 12-month follow-up period by distributing an electronic questionnaire three times. The questionnaire was based on validated screening tools for assessing mental health symptoms.

Results

A total of 74 female professional football players participated in this study. Mental health symptoms ranged from 1% for substance misuse to 65% for sport-psychological distress at baseline, from 6% for anxiety to 53% for sport-psychological distress 6 months postbaseline and from 3% for substance misuse to 55% for sport-psychological distress 12 months postbaseline. The prevalence of disordered eating remained between 15% and 20% over the 12-month period. Only one of the associations was statistically significant. Female professional football players were nearly twice as likely to report sport-related psychological distress following every surgery.

Conclusions

The substantial prevalence of mental health symptoms among female professional football players emphasises the need for increased attention, awareness and interventions. Additionally, female professional football players are nearly twice as likely to report sport-related psychological distress after each surgery. Sports medicine physicians and mental health professionals working in female football should provide standard care, which involves identifying, monitoring and implementing tailored interventions for mental health symptoms.
Healthcare professional views about a prehospital redirection pathway for stroke thrombectomy: a multiphase deductive qualitative study
Authors: Day Jo , Simmonds Rosemary L , Shaw Lisa , Price Christopher I , McClelland Graham , Ford Gary A , James Martin , White Phil , Stein Ken , Pope Catherine
Published: May 2024

Background

Mechanical thrombectomy for stroke is highly effective but time-critical. Delays are common because many patients require transfer between local hospitals and regional centres. A two-stage prehospital redirection pathway consisting of a simple ambulance screen followed by regional centre assessment to select patients for direct admission could optimise access. However, implementation might be challenged by the limited number of thrombectomy providers, a lack of prehospital diagnostic tests for selecting patients and whether finite resources can accommodate longer ambulance journeys plus greater central admissions. We undertook a three-phase, multiregional, qualitative study to obtain health professional views on the acceptability and feasibility of a new pathway.

Methods

Online focus groups/semistructured interviews were undertaken designed to capture important contextual influences. We purposively sampled NHS staff in four regions of England. Anonymised interview transcripts underwent deductive thematic analysis guided by the NASSS (Non-adoption, Abandonment and Challenges to Scale-up, Spread and Sustainability, Implementation) Implementation Science framework.

Results

Twenty-eight staff participated in 4 focus groups, 2 group interviews and 18 individual interviews across 4 Ambulance Trusts, 5 Hospital Trusts and 3 Integrated Stroke Delivery Networks (ISDNs). Five deductive themes were identified: (1) (suspected) stroke as a condition, (2) the pathway change, (3) the value participants placed on the proposed pathway, (4) the possible impact on NHS organisations/adopter systems and (5) the wider healthcare context. Participants perceived suspected stroke as a complex scenario. Most viewed the proposed new thrombectomy pathway as beneficial but potentially challenging to implement. Organisational concerns included staff shortages, increased workflow and bed capacity. Participants also reported wider socioeconomic issues impacting on their services contributing to concerns around the future implementation.

Conclusions

Positive views from health professionals were expressed about the concept of a proposed pathway while raising key content and implementation challenges and useful ‘real-world’ issues for consideration.
Urinary proteomic signature of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism by spironolactone: evidence from the HOMAGE trial
Authors: Yu Yu-Ling , Siwy Justyna , An De-Wei , González Arantxa , Hansen Tine , Latosinska Agnieszka , Pellicori Pierpaolo , Ravassa Susana , Mariottoni Beatrice , Verdonschot Job AJ , Ahmed Fozia , Petutschnigg Johannes , Rossignol Patrick , Heymans Stephane , Cuthbert Joe J , Girerd Nicolas , Clark Andrew L , Verhamme Peter , Nawrot Tim S , Janssens Stefan , Cleland John G , Zannad Faiez , Diez Javier , Mischak Harald , Ferreira João Pedro , Staessen Jan A
Published: May 2024

Objective

Heart failure (HF) is characterised by collagen deposition. Urinary proteomic profiling (UPP) followed by peptide sequencing identifies parental proteins, for over 70% derived from collagens. This study aimed to refine understanding of the antifibrotic action of spironolactone.

Methods

In this substudy (n=290) to the Heart ‘Omics’ in Ageing Study trial, patients were randomised to usual therapy combined or not with spironolactone 25–50 mg/day and followed for 9 months. The analysis included 1498 sequenced urinary peptides detectable in ≥30% of patients and carboxyterminal propeptide of procollagen I (PICP) and PICP/carboxyterminal telopeptide of collagen I (CITP) as serum biomarkers of COL1A1 synthesis. After rank normalisation of biomarker distributions, between-group differences in their changes were assessed by multivariable-adjusted mixed model analysis of variance. Correlations between the changes in urinary peptides and in serum PICP and PICP/CITP were compared between groups using Fisher’s Z transform.

Results

Multivariable-adjusted between-group differences in the urinary peptides with error 1 rate correction were limited to 27 collagen fragments, of which 16 were upregulated (7 COL1A1 fragments) on spironolactone and 11 downregulated (4 COL1A1 fragments). Over 9 months of follow-up, spironolactone decreased serum PICP from 81 (IQR 66–95) to 75 (61–90) µg/L and PICP/CITP from 22 (17–28) to 18 (13–26), whereas no changes occurred in the control group, resulting in a difference (spironolactone minus control) expressed in standardised units of −0.321 (95% CI 0.0007). Spironolactone did not affect the correlations between changes in urinary COL1A1 fragments and in PICP or the PICP/CITP ratio.

Conclusions

Spironolactone decreased serum markers of collagen synthesis and predominantly downregulated urinary collagen-derived peptides, but upregulated others. The interpretation of these opposite UPP trends might be due to shrinking the body-wide pool of collagens, explaining downregulation, while some degree of collagen synthesis must be maintained to sustain vital organ functions, explaining upregulation. Combining urinary and serum fibrosis markers opens new avenues for the understanding of the action of antifibrotic drugs.

Trial registration number

NCT02556450.
von Meyenburg complexes are more frequently associated with cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Jain Dhanpat , Khandakar Binny , Ni Pu , Kenney Barton , Qin Lihui , Deshpande Vikram , Fiel Maria Isabel
Published: May 2024

Aim

There is some evidence that von Meyenburg complexes (VMCs) can progress to cholangiocarcinoma (CC). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of VMCs in CC cases.

Methods

All hepatic resections and explants with intra-hepatic CC (I-CC) and hilar-CC (H-CC) from 1985 to 2020 were studied. Hepatic resections (n=68) for benign lesions or metastatic colonic carcinoma and 15 cases with cirrhosis without any cancer were used as controls.

Results

A total of 118 cases of CC (88 I-CC, 30 H-CC) were identified. Of these, 61 (52%) patients had no known background liver disease, and 20 (17%) had cirrhosis. Associated liver disorders included metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (23), chronic viral hepatitis B or C (13), biliary disease (primary or secondary sclerosing cholangitis) (8), polycystic kidney disease (6), cryptogenic cirrhosis (5) and others miscellaneous disorders (7). VMCs were present in 34 (39%) of 88 I-CC cases and 7 (23%) of 30 H-CC cases. VMCs were present within the tumour (20 cases), outside the cancer (21 cases) or at both locations (10 cases). VMCs with dysplasia/carcinoma in situ were seen in 19 of 41 (46%) cases with CC and VMCs. In addition, bile duct adenomas were identified in 6 (5%) of CC. 7% of controls showed the presence of VMCs compared with 35% of CC cases (p<0.05).

Conclusions

VMCs are seen far more frequently in patients with CC than in the control group. The findings support the hypothesis that VMCs could represent a precursor of CC or a marker for a higher risk of developing CC.
Gene network-based and ensemble modeling-based selection of tumor-associated antigens with a predicted low risk of tissue damage for targeted immunotherapy
Authors: Lischer Christopher , Eberhardt Martin , Flamann Cindy , Berges Johannes , Güse Esther , Wessely Anja , Weich Adrian , Retzlaff Jimmy , Dörrie Jan , Schaft Niels , Wiesinger Manuel , März Johannes , Schuler-Thurner Beatrice , Knorr Harald , Gupta Shailendra , Singh Krishna Pal , Schuler Gerold , Heppt Markus Vincent , Koch Elias Andreas Thomas , van Kleef Nadine D , Freen-van Heeren Julian J , Turksma Annelies W , Wolkenhauer Olaf , Hohberger Bettina , Berking Carola , Bruns Heiko , Vera Julio
Published: May 2024

Background

Tumor-associated antigens and their derived peptides constitute an opportunity to design off-the-shelf mainline or adjuvant anti-cancer immunotherapies for a broad array of patients. A performant and rational antigen selection pipeline would lay the foundation for immunotherapy trials with the potential to enhance treatment, tremendously benefiting patients suffering from rare, understudied cancers.

Methods

We present an experimentally validated, data-driven computational pipeline that selects and ranks antigens in a multipronged approach. In addition to minimizing the risk of immune-related adverse events by selecting antigens based on their expression profile in tumor biopsies and healthy tissues, we incorporated a network analysis-derived antigen indispensability index based on computational modeling results, and candidate immunogenicity predictions from a machine learning ensemble model relying on peptide physicochemical characteristics.

Results

In a model study of uveal melanoma, Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) docking simulations and experimental quantification of the peptide–major histocompatibility complex binding affinities confirmed that our approach discriminates between high-binding and low-binding affinity peptides with a performance similar to that of established methodologies. Blinded validation experiments with autologous T-cells yielded peptide stimulation-induced interferon-γ secretion and cytotoxic activity despite high interdonor variability. Dissecting the score contribution of the tested antigens revealed that peptides with the potential to induce cytotoxicity but unsuitable due to potential tissue damage or instability of expression were properly discarded by the computational pipeline.

Conclusions

In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of the de novo computational selection of antigens with the capacity to induce an anti-tumor immune response and a predicted low risk of tissue damage. On translation to the clinic, our pipeline supports fast turn-around validation, for example, for adoptive T-cell transfer preparations, in both generalized and personalized antigen-directed immunotherapy settings.
Targeting NKG2D ligands in glioblastoma with a bispecific T-cell engager is augmented with conventional therapy and enhances oncolytic virotherapy of glioma stem-like cells
Authors: Baugh Richard , Khalique Hena , Page Emma , Lei-Rossmann Janet , Wan Peter Kok-Ting , Johanssen Timothy , Ebner Daniel , Ansorge Olaf , Seymour Leonard W
Published: May 2024

Background

Glioblastoma (GBM) almost invariably becomes resistant towards conventional treatment of radiotherapy and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, partly due to subpopulations of intrinsically resistant glioma stem-like cells (GSC). The oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 G207 is a promising approach for GBM virotherapy although its efficacy in patients with GBM is often limited. Natural killer group 2 member D ligands (NKG2DLs) are minimally expressed by healthy cells but are upregulated by the DNA damage response (DDR) and in malignant cells with chronic DDR signaling, resulting in innate immune activation.

Methods

We have designed a bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) capable of cross-linking CD3 on T cells with NKG2DL-expressing GBM cells. We then engineered the G207 virus to express the NKG2D BiTE and secrete it from infected cells. The efficacy of the free BiTE and BiTE delivered by G207 was evaluated in combination with conventional therapies in GBM cells and against patient-derived GSCs in the context of T-cell activation and target cell viability.

Results

NKG2D BiTE-mediated cross-linking of GBM cells and T cells causes antigen-independent T-cell activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and tumor cell death, thereby combining direct viral oncolysis with BiTE-mediated cytotoxicity. Surface NKG2DL expression was further elevated on GBM cells following pretreatment with sublethal doses of TMZ and radiation to induce the DDR, increasing sensitivity towards G207-NKG2D BiTE and achieving synergistic cytotoxicity. We also demonstrate a novel strategy for targeting GSCs that are non-permissive to G207 infection but remain sensitive to NKG2D BiTE.

Conclusions

We propose a potential model for targeting GSCs in heterogeneous tumors, whereby differentiated GBM cells infected with G207-NKG2D BiTE produce NKG2D BiTE locally, directing T-cell cytotoxicity towards the GSC subpopulations in the tumor microenvironment.
Prospective open-label trial with rituximab in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy not responding to conventional immune therapies
Authors: Doneddu Pietro Emiliano , Cocito Dario , Fazio Raffaella , Benedetti Luana , Peci Erdita , Liberatore Giuseppe , Falzone Yuri Matteo , Germano Francesco , Gallia Francesca , Giannotta Claudia , Lleixà Cinta , Bianchi Elisa , Nobile-Orazio Eduardo
Published: May 2024

Background

To evaluate the efficacy of rituximab in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) patients not responding to conventional immune therapies.

Methods

An open-label, prospective exploratory study was conducted with intravenous rituximab on 17 CIDP patients who had not responded to at least two first-line therapies. The primary endpoint was to determine the proportion of patients who showed improvement 6 months after rituximab therapy. The percentage of responders to rituximab, along with a 95% CI, was reported and compared with the 30% response rate after other immunosuppressive drugs previously documented in the literature.

Results

13 of the 17 treated patients (76.5%) showed improvement at 6 months (95% CI 50.1 to 93.2). Among the 14 patients who completed the 12-month follow-up (2 were lost to follow-up after showing improvement at months 8 and 10, and 1 deteriorated at 6 months), 13 (92.9%) demonstrated improvement at 12 months (95% CI 66.1 to 99.8). Nerve conduction parameters improved by at least 20% in two nerves in 6 out of 15 (40%) patients at 6 months and in 7 out of 13 (53.9%) at 12 months. None of the treated patients withdrew from the study due to side effects. There was a significant reduction of circulating CD19+ cells 15 days, 2, 6 and 12 months after treatment.

Conclusion

Rituximab seems to be a safe therapy in most patients with CIDP not responding to conventional immune therapies. The high percentage of patients who improved in this study suggests a possible positive effect of rituximab which is worth investigating in future randomised controlled clinical trials.

Trial registration number

NCT05877040.
Efficacy, safety and tolerability of rozanolixizumab in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: a randomised, subject-blind, investigator-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2a trial and open-label extension study
Authors: Querol Luis , De Sèze Jérôme , Dysgaard Tina , Levine Todd , Rao T Hemanth , Rivner Michael , Hartung Hans-Peter , Kiessling Peter , Shimizu Saori , Marmol Dominika , Bozorg Ali , Colson Anny-Odile , Massow Ute , Eftimov Filip
Published: May 2024

Background

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a peripheral nerve disorder characterised by weakness and sensory loss. We assessed the neonatal Fc receptor inhibitor rozanolixizumab for CIDP management.

Methods

CIDP01 (NCT03861481) was a randomised, subject-blind, investigator-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2a study. Adults with definite or probable CIDP receiving subcutaneous or intravenous immunoglobulin maintenance therapy were randomised 1:1 to 12 once-weekly subcutaneous infusions of rozanolixizumab 10 mg/kg or placebo, stratified according to previous immunoglobulin administration route. Investigators administering treatment and assessing efficacy, and patients, were blinded. The primary outcome was a change from baseline (CFB) to day 85 in inflammatory Rasch-built Overall Disability Scale (iRODS) score. Eligible patients who completed CIDP01 entered the open-label extension CIDP04 (NCT04051944).

Results

In CIDP01, between 26 March 2019 and 31 March 2021, 34 patients were randomised to rozanolixizumab or placebo (17 (50%) each). No significant difference in CFB to day 85 in iRODS centile score was observed between rozanolixizumab (least squares mean 2.0 (SE 3.2)) and placebo (3.4 (2.6); difference –1.5 (90% CI –7.5 to 4.5)). Overall, 14 (82%) patients receiving rozanolixizumab and 13 (76%) receiving placebo experienced a treatment-emergent adverse event during the treatment period. Across CIDP01 and CIDP04, rozanolixizumab was well tolerated over up to 614 days; no clinically meaningful efficacy results were seen. No deaths occurred.

Conclusions

Rozanolixizumab did not show efficacy in patients with CIDP in this study, although this could be due to a relatively high placebo stability rate. Rozanolixizumab was well tolerated over medium-to-long-term weekly use, with an acceptable safety profile.
Unveiling realistic mobility patterns with home–origin–destination data aggregation
Authors: Du Yunhan , Aoki Takaaki , Fujiwara Naoya
Published: May 2024

The availability of increasingly abundant mobility data in recent years has opened up new avenues for researchers to unravel human mobility patterns. Data aggregation methods have been introduced to gain a quantitative understanding of collective individual movements using these data. Nevertheless, the widely adopted origin–destination (OD) aggregation method for human mobility data lacks an essential piece of information: home location, which plays a vital role in characterizing individual movement patterns. In this study, we propose a novel data aggregation approach called home–origin–destination (HOD) with the aim of improving the accuracy of human mobility estimation. We compare the performance of various data aggregation methods for estimating population distribution. Our experimental results reveal more realistic mobility patterns when incorporating estimated home information, where individuals move out in the morning and return home before midnight. To further evaluate the effectiveness of the HOD approach, we conduct an entropy analysis to measure the unpredictability of human mobility. The HOD results exhibit lower entropy values than those in the other two cases, OD and home–destination (HD). These findings underscore the importance of incorporating home information in understanding and modeling human mobility. By leveraging the HOD data aggregation method, we can achieve more accurate population distribution estimates and capture the inherent dynamics of human movement
Characterization of a novel proton-CT scanner based on Silicon and LaBr$$_3$$(Ce) detectors
Authors: Nácher E. , Briz J. A. , Nerio A. N. , Perea A. , Távora V. G. , Tengblad O. , Ciemala M. , Cieplicka-Orynczak N. , Maj A. , Mazurek K. , Olko P. , Zieblinski M. , Borge M. J. G.
Published: May 2024

Treatment planning systems at proton-therapy centres entirely use X-ray computed tomography (CT) as primary imaging technique to infer the proton treatment doses to tumour and healthy tissues. However, proton stopping powers in the body, as derived from X-ray images, suffer from important proton-range uncertainties. In order to reduce this uncertainty in range, one could use proton-CT images instead. The main goal of this work is to test the capabilities of a newly-developed proton-CT scanner, based on the use of a set of tracking detectors and a high energy resolution scintillator for the residual energy of the protons. Different custom-made phantoms were positioned at the field of view of the scanner and were irradiated with protons at the CCB proton-therapy center in Krakow. We measured with the phantoms at different angles and produced sinograms that were used to obtain reconstructed images by Filtered Back-Projection. The obtained images were used to determine the capabilities of our scanner in terms of spatial resolution and proton Relative Stopping Power (RSP) mapping and validate its use as proton-CT scanner. The results show that the scanner can produce medium-high quality images, with spatial resolution better than 2 mm in radiography, below 3 mm in tomography and resolving power in the RSP comparable to other state-of-the-art pCT scanners.
A Model with Dopamine Depletion in Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum Predicts Changes in Thalamocortical Beta Oscillations
Authors: Gambosi Benedetta , Jamal Sheiban Francesco , Biasizzo Marco , Antonietti Alberto , D’angelo Egidio , Mazzoni Alberto , Pedrocchi Alessandra
Published: May 2024

Parkinsonism is presented as a motor syndrome characterized by rigidity, tremors, and bradykinesia, with Parkinson’s disease (PD) being the predominant cause. The discovery that those motor symptoms result from the death of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra led to focus most of parkinsonism research on the basal ganglia (BG). However, recent findings point to an active involvement of the cerebellum in this motor syndrome. Here, we have developed a multiscale computational model of the rodent brain’s BG–cerebellar network. Simulations showed that a direct effect of dopamine depletion on the cerebellum must be taken into account to reproduce the alterations of neural activity in parkinsonism, particularly the increased beta oscillations widely reported in PD patients. Moreover, dopamine depletion indirectly impacted spike-time-dependent plasticity at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses, degrading associative motor learning as observed in parkinsonism. Overall, these results suggest a relevant involvement of cerebellum in parkinsonism associative motor symptoms.
Anomaly Detection Integration-Framework for Network Services in Computer Education Systems
Authors: Yang Shouhong , Lin Jiawei , Wang Qianyu , Yang Na , Wei Xuekai , Yang Xia , Pu Huayan , Luo Jun , Yue Hong , Cheng Fei , Zhou Mingliang
Published: May 2024

Public computer education systems provide students essential opportunities to enhance computer literacy and information skills. However, the widespread adoption of online education technology exposes the field to several critical security risks. Threats, such as malware infections, data breaches, and other network intrusions, are all challenging the security of education systems, posing potential hazards to students’ personal information and even the entire teaching environment. To spur further work into specialized anomaly detection techniques for computer education, this paper presents an anomaly detection framework tailored for network services in computer education environments to safeguard these systems. Specifically, the proposed approach learns from large-scale online educational traffic data to classify the security state into five alert levels, enabling more granular anomaly detection and analysis. To assess their detection performance, deep learning and traditional machine learning algorithms are implemented and compared for multi-class intrusion classification. The results show that the proposed framework provides an effective security solution to bolster the integrity and stability of computer education systems against evolving network threats, enhancing threat intelligence to inform proactive security by detecting and characterizing anomalies through multilevel classification.
The automorphism group of finite 2-groups associated to the Macdonald group
Authors: Ocampo Alexander Montoya , Szechtman Fernando
Published: May 2024

We consider the Macdonald group [Formula: see text] and its Sylow 2-subgroup [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is odd. Then J has order [Formula: see text], and nilpotency class 5 if [Formula: see text] and 3 if [Formula: see text]. We determine the automorphism group of the 2-groups J, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Explicit multiplication, power, and commutator formulas for J, H and K are given, and used in the calculation of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Generalized fractional Lévy–Meixner Appell polynomials in infinite dimensions
Authors: Riahi Anis , Rhaima Mohamed , Ghoudi Hamza
Published: May 2024

The goal of this paper is to present new results on the general structure of fractional Lévy–Meixner noise functionals. More precisely, we construct and emphasize certain properties of a new Appell polynomials associated with the infinite-dimensional Fractional Lévy–Meixner noise measure. Furthermore, we explore the relationship between new polynomials and the orthogonal Bell polynomials, which has also been examined and discussed.
UNVEILING THE INFLUENCE OF ONE-LEG STANCE AND STANDING UP FROM A CHAIR ON HUMAN HIP JOINT PROSTHESIS USING FINITE ELEMENT CONCEPTS
Authors: KALAYARASAN M. , DHANABAL P. , SHANKAR S. , CHETHAN K. N. , MANIKANDAN M.
Published: May 2024

The hip joint plays an important role in providing stability to the human body. Factors such as aging, wear, and tear, make the hip joint degenerate and, in such cases, the same to be replaced through hip arthroplasty surgeries. The background of this study aims to investigate the contact consequence between the artificial femoral head and the acetabular cup for different bearing couples during one-leg stance and standing up from a chair, utilizing the finite element method. The three-dimensional finite dynamic contact model has been developed with different material combinations. The results obtained by the present finite element model align well with the previously available literature. The parameters investigated include maximum von Mises stress, maximum contact pressure and deformation for different material combinations. The results reveal that the pair i.e., Alumina on Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) exhibits lower contact pressure, von Mises Stress and deformation. Therefore, the material pair i.e., Alumina on UHMWPE can be employed in the Total hip replacement (THR) to mitigate contact consequences under both static and dynamic loading conditions, thereby enhancing the durability of the artificial joints.
Tighter superadditivity relations for l1-norm coherence measure
Authors: Yang Kang-Kang , Shen Zhong-Xi , Wang Zhi-Xi , Fei Shao-Ming
Published: May 2024

Quantum coherence serves as a crucial physical resource, with its quantification emerging as a focal point in contemporary research. Superadditivity constitutes one of the most fundamental attributes in characterizing the coherence distribution in multipartite quantum systems. In this paper, we provide a way to derive tighter superadditivity inequalities of [Formula: see text]-norm coherence measure for arbitrary multiqubit states. We present a category of superadditivity relations related to the [Formula: see text]th [Formula: see text] power of [Formula: see text]-norm coherence [Formula: see text] under certain conditions. Our results are better than the existing ones and are illustrated in detail with examples.
Variational quantum recurrent neural networks for multi-feature forecasting
Authors: Huang Rui , Yi Haibo , Li Pak Hon
Published: May 2024

Recurrent neural networks are a kind of recursion which takes sequence data as input and carries on the evolution of temporal dependency data. Variational quantum algorithms use classical computers as the quantum optimizer to update the circuit parameters. In this work, we propose a variational quantum algorithm of the recurrent neural network, which we dub VQRNN, to find approximate optima in the time series forecasting. Motivated by the variational quantum algorithms, we train classical activation functions to assist quantum computing. Here, unlike the quantum tensor networks (QTN) algorithm that predicts a single output feature with a single time step, our algorithm can forecast multi-output features by adjusting the recurrent hidden state. Finally, we deploy the QTN and VQRNN algorithms on the Origin Quantum platform with the numerical simulator backends using the Meteorological data set. Experimental results show that the atmospheric pressure prediction accuracy of VQRNN is 99.8864% in multi-feature forecasting tasks. In addition, we conclude that the variation-based model has an excellent performance in multi-feature output forecasting.
Study of Bifurcation and Delay-Driven Chaos in a Prey–Predator Model with Fear in Prey Reproduction and Two Forms of Harvesting
Authors: Sarif Nawaj , Sarwardi Sahabuddin
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we delve into a predator–prey model incorporating a fear effect in prey reproduction, influenced by both delay and harvesting. The model accounts for delayed fear dynamics to capture more realistic dynamics. Initially, our focus lays on the nondelayed model, examining each biologically plausible equilibrium points and assessing their stability concerning the parameters of the model. Next, detailed mathematical results are provided, encompassing the asymptotic stability of all equilibria, Hopf bifurcation, and the direction and stability of bifurcated periodic solutions. Also, the stability analysis of the Hopf-bifurcating periodic solution is confirmed through the computation of first Lyapunov coefficient. Furthermore, we observed that the nondelayed system experiences Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation in a two-parameter space. Subsequently, we analyzed the corresponding delayed system, establishing the existence of a stable limit cycle through Hopf bifurcation concerning the delay parameter. Additionally, the inclusion of delay can prompt critical dynamics within the system, resulting in period-doubling routes toward chaotic oscillations. To validate our analytical findings, we conducted comprehensive and meticulous numerical simulations. The findings of the numerical simulations suggest that the impact of fear can be used as a measure of chaos control.
Application of Dissipative Contact Force Model for Contact–Impact Analysis in Deep Groove Ball Bearing
Authors: Chen Yu , Wang Yu , Qiu Rui , Yu Chengtao , Shan Wentao , Sun Yu
Published: May 2024

This work proposes a new dynamic model for evaluating the nonlinear characteristics of deep groove ball bearing considering the contact–impact characteristics. With clearance taken into account, the elements of the deep groove ball bearing are modeled as the contact bodies. The normal force in the contact bodies is established by the dissipative contact force model, which includes elastic deformation and energy loss. Based on the modified Coulomb friction model, the tangential force can be established. The dynamic analysis model of deep groove ball bearing with contact–impact characteristics is obtained. Moreover, the experimental platform is established and the dynamic performance experiment is conducted. Finally, the influence of structure features on the dynamic behavior of deep groove ball bearing is discussed in detail. The simulation results could represent that clearance plays an important element in evaluating accurately the dynamic behavior of deep groove ball bearing, which would cause strong nonlinear mechanical systems.
Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Performance of Polycaprolactone Electrospun-Based Nanofibers Incorporating Propolis and Quercus Infectoria Gall Extracts
Authors: Aliee Faezeh , Fahimirad Shohreh , Ganji Ali , Abtahi Hamid
Published: May 2024

Background: A highly effective antibacterial wound dressing was developed in this investigation by developing a novel bioactive functional nanostructure.

Methods: Ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) and Q.infectoria galls (QIG) were processed to obtain their respective extracts. The antibacterial properties of the individual EEP and QIG extracts and their combined effects were investigated. Based on the antibacterial test results, solutions containing polycaprolactone (PCL), PCL/EEP, PCL/QIG and PCL/EEP/QIG were prepared. These solutions were then used to fabricate nanobased mats through electrospinning. The resulting nanofibers were examined in terms of their physical, chemical and biological traits. In order to assess the wound healing capabilities, in vivo experiments were conducted, wherein the efficacy of the scaffolds in combating Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections on wounds was evaluated.

Results: The nanoscale structure of the electrospun nanofibers was confirmed through FESEM analysis, while the successful integration of EEP and QIG in the PCL-based electrospun nanofiber was validated using FTIR. By including both EEP and QIG bioactive extracts in the nanofiber, improved antibacterial and antioxidant activities were achieved without compromising the viability of human fibroblast cells. The use of PCL/EEP/QIG dressings led to wound closure rates of 85% and 100% on the 5th and 15th day of treatment, respectively, demonstrating the effectiveness of the combination of EEP and QIG extracts.

Conclusions: The remarkable outcomes have presented encouraging prospects for using PCL/EEP/QIG as a highly effective wound dressing with antibacterial properties in clinical trials.
Chronic Volar Dislocation of the Distal Radioulnar Joint Stabilised by a Partial Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Tendon Strip – A Case Report
Authors: SANKARAN Ajeesh , KABIR Hannan Sheik , THUSHARA K. R. , SHAREEF Abdu P. P.
Published: May 2024

Volar dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint is a rare injury that is often missed at initial presentation. We report a 21-year-old male patient who presented 2 months after sustaining this injury. He was successfully managed by open reduction and reconstruction of the dorsal radioulnar ligament using a partial distally based extensor carpi ulnaris tendon strip. A literature review showed only a few reported cases with varied methods for management. The technique utilised is analysed in comparison to the others.

Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Phytochemical Identification and Assessment of Amberboa ramosa Mediated Inhibition of Microtubule and EGFR Associated Growth and Metastasis of Breast Cancer Cells: In Vitro and In Silico Perspective
Authors: Nath Virendra , Bhatnagar Aayushi , Kumar Harish , Chandravanshi Anil Kumar , Sharma Ankit , Mandal Chandi C. , Kumar Vipin
Published: May 2024

Amberboa ramosa Roxb. (Asteraceae), commonly known as “Badaward”, has been used for the treatment of tumors from ancient times. In this study, we aimed to scientifically authenticate the use of A. ramosa for breast cancer treatment. The whole plant fractions of A. ramosa were evaluated for their cytotoxic properties against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Among these fractions, Pet. ether, ethyl acetate, and ethanolic fractions exhibited considerable levels of cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells with [Formula: see text] values of 78.55, 90.60, and 92.92 [Formula: see text]g/mL, respectively. The cell migration significantly decreased in ethyl acetate and ethanolic fractions. GC–MS was used to analyze the phytochemical profile of bioactive fractions, which revealed the presence of long-chain hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids, esters, alcohols, and terpenoids. Subsequently, the 96 compounds present in bioactive fractions were efficiently docked with EGFR and microtubule protein to evaluate affinity towards the targets. Eight common compounds were achieved using a docking-based approach against both target proteins, which showed similar interaction patterns as the reference inhibitors (colchicine and erlotinib). The key interactions revealed the potential of screened compounds as promising hits. 2-[1,2-Dihydroxyethyl]-9-[[Formula: see text]-d-ribofuranosyl]hypoxanthine showed the best dock score of −9.337 and −8.548 kcal/mol against EGFR and microtubule, respectively. 5-Oxo-cystofuranoquinol exhibited better dock score as well as binding energy against both targets. Chemical features present in the 08 dual inhibitors were also matched from the present EGFR and microtubule inhibitors for comparing the anticancer potential. Thus, this research revealed many new directions for developing natural lead compounds from Amberboa ramosa as dual inhibitors for treating breast cancer.
Karst control on reservoir performance of a developed carbonate geothermal reservoir in Munich, Germany
Authors: Hörbrand Thorsten , Beichel Kilian , Bendias Daniel , Savvatis Alexandros , Kohl Thomas
Published: May 2024

The Upper Jurassic ‘Malm’ carbonates of southern Germany are currently the most developed reservoir for geothermal energy production in Germany. Although many studies have investigated the Malm carbonate reservoir, few studies have focused on the palaeokarst system – despite the fact that the reservoir is frequently referred to as ‘Malmkarst’. Data from 25 wells in the Malm reservoir, including well logs, seismic data and hydraulic information, systematically demonstrate the presence of karstification. This is apparent in the form of large sinkholes and amplitude anomalies on the seismic scale, as well as caves observed in the image log and caliper log data. Flowmeter logs correlated with the karstified section on the image log reveal thin zones of elevated permeability, contributing most of the flow at the wellbore scale. The comparison between measurements from core data and well tests provides evidence of the reservoir's excess permeability, exhibiting values several orders of magnitude higher than those measurable in cores. The stratigraphic record suggests that karstification occurred during the Jurassic and Cretaceous, prior to the burial of the carbonates by the sediments of the alpine molasse basin.
City Matters! A Dual-Target Cross-City Sequential POI Recommendation Model
Authors: Sun KE , Li Chenliang , Qian Tieyun
Published: May 2024

Existing sequential
Point of Interest (POI)
recommendation methods overlook a fact that each city exhibits distinct characteristics and totally ignore the city signature. In this study, we claim that city matters in sequential POI recommendation and fully exploring city signature can highlight the characteristics of each city and facilitate cross-city complementary learning. To this end, we consider the two-city scenario and propose a
Dual-Target Cross-City Sequential POI Recommendation
model
(DCSPR)
to achieve the purpose of complementary learning across cities. On one hand,
DCSPR
respectively captures
geographical and cultural characteristics
for each city by mining intra-city regions and intra-city functions of POIs. On the other hand,
DCSPR
builds
a transfer channel
between cities based on intra-city functions, and adopts a novel transfer strategy to transfer useful cultural characteristics across cities by mining inter-city functions of POIs. Moreover, to utilize these captured characteristics for sequential POI recommendation,
DCSPR
involves a new
region- and function-aware network
for each city to learn transition patterns from multiple views. Extensive experiments conducted on two real-world datasets with four cities demonstrate the effectiveness of
DCSPR
.
MvStHgL: Multi-View Hypergraph Learning with Spatial-Temporal Periodic Interests for Next POI Recommendation
Authors: An Jingmin , Gao Ming , Tang Jiafu
Published: May 2024

Providing potential next point-of-interest (POI) suggestions for users has become a prominent task in location-based social networks, which receives more and more attention from the industry and academia and it remains challenging due to highly dynamic and personalized interactions in user movements. Currently, state-of-the-art works develop various graph- and sequential-based learning methods to model user-POI interactions and transition regularities. However, there are still two significant shortcomings in these works: (1) ignoring personalized spatial and temporal-aspect interactive characteristics capable of exhibiting periodic interests of users and (2) insufficiently leveraging the sequential patterns of interactions for beyond-pairwise high-order collaborative signals among users’ sequences. To jointly address these challenges, we propose a novel multi-view hypergraph learning with spatial-temporal periodic interests for next POI recommendation (MvStHgL). In the local view, we attempt to learn the POI representation of each interaction via jointing periodic characteristics of spatial and temporal aspects. In the global view, we design a hypergraph by regarding interactive sequences as hyperedges to capture high-order collaborative signals across users, for further POI representations. More specifically, the output of POI representations in the local view is used for the initialized embedding, and the aggregation and propagation in the hypergraph are performed by a novel Node-to-Hypergraph-to-Node scheme. Furthermore, the captured POI embeddings are applied to achieve sequential dependency modeling for next POI prediction. Extensive experiments on three real-world datasets demonstrate that our proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art models.
The Economics of Food Supply Chain Resilience
Authors: Hobbs Jill E. , Hadachek Jeffrey
Published: May 2024

Food supply chain resilience has become a priority for policymakers in recent years. Prompted by several systemic disruptions and the increased likelihood of future shocks, significant attention and public financial investment have been devoted to preparing supply chains to be more able to absorb shocks and more nimbly respond in the future. Food and agricultural supply chains have been particularly scrutinized due to widespread shortages and food price inflation of key staples in recent years. Varied perspectives have emerged about the factors that contribute to the resiliency of food supply chains and the interventions that will be most effective. This article reviews the perspectives on food supply chain resilience generally. Furthermore, we attempt to synthesize the methodologies that have been used to study resilience and offer some guidance for economists studying the topic moving forward.
Extreme Weather Events and Climate Change: Economic Impacts and Adaptation Policies
Authors: Ferreira Susana
Published: May 2024

This article reviews the literature on the economic impacts of disasters caused by extreme weather and climate events to draw lessons on how societies can better manage these risks. While evidence that richer, better-governed societies suffer less and recover faster from climate extremes suggests adaptation, knowledge gaps remain, and little is known about the efficiency of specific adaptation actions. I review various “no or low” regrets adaptation options that are recommended when uncertainties over climate change impacts are high. I discuss how governments can play an important role in adaptation by directly providing public goods to manage disaster risks or by facilitating private agents’ adaptation responses but also highlight the political economy of policy and coordination failures.
Whither Digitality? The Relationship Between Orality, Literacy, and Digitality, Past and Present: From Spoken Traditions to Digital Media
Authors: Emigh Rebecca Jean
Published: May 2024

Orality, literacy, and digitality are forms of knowledge and communication based on speech, reading and writing, and electronic technologies using binary formats, respectively. This article reviews four possible relationships between them: Is literacy (and by extension digitality) the superior form, is orality superior, are all three mostly interchangeable, or do they all change each other as they emerge historically? These different positions imply different histories: linear, contingent, and epochal. This article considers the future of digitality by reviewing these relationships, past and present. These four intellectual positions did not arise neutrally. In fact, the superiority of literacy is rooted in Eurocentric views of technological progress and colonial power. Because this positionality is crucial to understanding the historical relationship among them, the article draws on the philosophy of science of dialectical realism to look for the similarities and differences between the positions, as well as the contradictions. It is a bold call for the comparative historical sociology of digitality (and everything else).