bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental health indicators in APEC
Authors: Kron Michael , Grewal Rupinder , Idso John , Prough Michael , Sundaram Cassandra , Klein Scott , Nida John , Jumbam Desmond , Garringer Kaya
Published: December 2018

Background:

The World Economic Forum (2011) concluded that the economic impact of mental illness is the single most important contributor among all non-communicable diseases to loss of productivity. The 21 economies represented by Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) responded to that information with efforts to address mental health as an integral component of economic development.

Aim:

In order to help assess the progress of APEC region compared to other regions of the world, the World Health Organization (WHO) granted us access to a subset of the 2014 Mental Health Atlas database containing health indicators from all 21 APEC economies.

Methods:

APEC-specific data were extracted using the same format used by WHO in its Mental Health Atlas to compare/contrast data in APEC versus the six WHO regions of the world.

Results:

It was observed that mental health workforces in APEC include a higher number of psychiatrist providers compared with WHO regions. Suicide rates reported in three APEC economies are among the highest in the world. All APEC economies continue their individual and coordinated efforts to support their ‘ APEC Roadmap to Promote Mental Wellness in a Healthy Asia Pacific (2014–2020)’.

Conclusion:

Significant challenges for APEC members exist to coordinate regional efforts to improve mental health due to highly variable income levels, existing health infrastructures and social preferences. The findings in this report may serve as a helpful baseline for measuring success within the APEC region by 2020, the year in which progress in support of economic development will be reassessed.
Paywalls: Monetizing Online Content
Authors: Pattabhiramaiah Adithya , Sriram S. , Manchanda Puneet
Published: December 2018

In recent years, many news providers have begun monetizing online content through paywalls. While the premise behind paywalls is that the subscription revenue can be a new source of income, the externalities that might arise from this pricing change are unclear. The authors study two potential externalities of newspaper paywalls: (1) the effect of a paywall on the engagement of its online reader base and (2) the spillover effect on the print version of the newspaper. The engagement effect considers how the paywall altered the various engagement metrics among light and heavy readers of online news. The spillover effect is likely to arise if readers view print and online versions of a newspaper as substitutes, implying that increasing the price of the latter is likely to increase the demand for the former. Moreover, many newspaper paywalls offer bundles wherein print subscribers are provided free access to the online newspaper. Therefore, the value that a reader derives from the print subscription could be higher after the erection of the paywall. As a result, paywalls are likely to have a positive spillover effect on print subscription and, consequently, circulation. The authors document the sizes of the two externalities for the New York Times paywall and compare them with the direct subscription revenue generated. They comment on implications for newspapers and online content providers that are seeking mechanisms to monetize digital content.
Comparing Usual Dietary Intakes Among Subgroups of Mothers in the Year Before Pregnancy
Authors: Carmichael Suzan L. , Ma Chen , Feldkamp Marcia L. , Shaw Gary M. ,   the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: December 2018

Objective:

The quantity and quality of dietary intake among women of reproductive age has important public health implications for nutritional status during pregnancy. We described dietary intake during the year before pregnancy among a large, diverse group of US mothers.

Methods:

We examined data from 11 109 mothers who gave birth from 1997 through 2011 and participated in a population-based case-control study, the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, as controls (mothers who had babies without major birth defects). We examined whether subgroups of mothers at elevated risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes were more likely than their reference groups to have high dietary intake (>90th percentile of intake) or low dietary intake (<10th percentile of intake). We examined dietary intake of 22 nutritional factors, which were estimated from responses to a food frequency questionnaire.

Results:

Participants who were aged <20, were nulliparous, had <high school diploma or <$20 000 annual household income, were non-Hispanic black, were underweight or obese, did not intend to become pregnant, did not take folic acid–containing vitamin supplements, or smoked had worse dietary intakes than their reference groups. For example, 17.5% of participants aged <20 had a low score on the diet quality index and 5.3% had a high score (vs expected values of 10%). Participants who were aged ≥35, were Hispanic, or had prepregnancy diabetes tended to have better dietary intakes than their reference groups. Maternal overweight and prepregnancy hypertension had few significant associations.

Conclusions:

Strategies are needed to ensure optimal nutrition among all childbearing women.
Mirrored Imaginaries: Urban Chroniclers in Buenos Aires and Montevideo, 1910-1936
Authors: Richter Daniel
Published: December 2018

This article explores the intertwined urban and cultural histories of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Montevideo, Uruguay during the early twentieth century. During the years from 1910 to 1936, Buenos Aires and Montevideo’s relationship evolved from being “mirrored” and “symbiotic” into an uneven relationship as Buenos Aires’s skyline and cultural commerce expanded to compare to larger metropolitan centers in the Atlantic world. This article examines how the relationship between the two cities was understood by flâneurs, travel writers, and cultural producers in the crucial period of metropolitan growth and cultural commerce for both Buenos Aires and Montevideo. The cultural connections between the two cities transpired in a wider transnational and transatlantic context of urban capitalism that spurred the construction of modern urban spaces such as skyscrapers, theaters, and department stores. The relationship between Buenos Aires and Montevideo was mirrored by neighboring and competing metropolises across the globe in the early twentieth century.
The effect of hearing impairment on the production of prominences: The case of French-speaking school-aged children using cochlear implants and children with normal hearing
Authors: Grandon Bénédicte , Vilain Anne , Gillis Steven
Published: December 2018

This study explores the use of F0, intensity and duration in the production of two types of prominences in French: primary accent with duration as the main acoustic cue, and secondary accent with F0 and intensity as acoustic cues. These parameters were studied in 13 children using a cochlear implant (CI) and 17 children with a normal hearing (NH), aged 5 to 10 years. Words were recorded in two different tasks, word-repetition and picture-naming, to compare repetition of an audio model with spontaneous production. NH children were able to produce both types of prominences with duration on the one hand and the combination of F0 and intensity on the other hand, similar to what is described in the literature in French-speaking adults. NH children have a more stable use of prominences than CI children, who demonstrate more variability across tasks, more even-timed duration patterns and less modulation of F0 and intensity at vowel and word level than their NH peers.
Racial Differences in Parental Involvement and Physical and Psychological Maltreatment: Processes Related to Regard for Parents
Authors: Malkin Mallory L. , McKinney Cliff
Published: December 2018

Research indicates that perceptions of and regard for parents are important in the parent–child relationship of emerging adults and associated with both emotional and social adjustment and development. We examined the relationship between current regard for parents, parental involvement, and conflict tactics during emerging adulthood among White and Black emerging adults. The sample consisted of 1,401 participants ranging from 18 to 25 years. Current perceptions of mothers and fathers and conflict tactics were measured separately via an online survey using the Parental Environment Questionnaire and the Conflict Tactics Scale: Parent–Child version. Blacks reported lower parental involvement than Whites. When examining perceptions of mothers, Blacks, compared with Whites, reported more maternal physical maltreatment. When examining perceptions of fathers, Blacks, compared with Whites, reported less regard for fathers but no differences with regard for mothers. Additionally, Blacks, compared with Whites, reported higher maternal psychological maltreatment.
Explaining the Australian marriage equality vote: An aggregate-level analysis
Authors: Gravelle Timothy B , Carson Andrea
Published: December 2018

The Australian public voted in November 2017 in favour of changing the law to allow for same-sex marriage – only the second such national popular vote after Ireland in 2015. Though 61.6% of the Australian public voting in the Marriage Law Postal Survey voted Yes in support of marriage equality, this support was not uniformly distributed across the country, with support at the electoral division level varying between 26.1% and 83.7%. What, then, explains such variation in support for same-sex marriage among the Australian public? In this article, we advance an aggregate, electoral division-level explanation of the Yes vote that links support for the legalisation of same-sex marriage to a set of local-level political and socio-demographic factors.
Sexual Coercion, Mate Retention, and Relationship Satisfaction in Brazilian and American Romantic Relationships
Authors: Lopes Guilherme S. , Holanda Leonardo C. , DeLecce Tara , Holub Andrew M. , Shackelford Todd K.
Published: December 2018

We investigated the relationships among men’s sexual coercion, men’s performance of mate retention behaviors, and their partner’s relationship satisfaction in Brazil (Study 1) and the United States (Study 2). In addition, we adapted the Sexual Coercion in Intimate Relationships Scale (SCIRS) to the Brazilian context (Escala de Coerção Sexual em Relacionamentos Amorosos [ECSRA]; Study 1) and investigated the suitability of the adapted version in the American context (Sexual Coercion in Intimate Relationships Scale–Short Form [SCIRS-SF]; Study 2). Study 1 included 181 Brazilians, aged between 18 and 49 years ( M = 23.5; SD = 5.1), mostly female (60.8%). Study 2 included 508 Americans, aged between 19 and 70 years ( M = 34.7; SD = 9.7), mostly male (52.6%). Participants were in a heterosexual, romantic relationship for at least 3 months. Participants completed the SCIRS, a 34-item measure assessing how often participants experienced each sexually coercive behavior, the MRI-SF, a 38-item measure assessing how often participants performed each mate retention act, and several items regarding relationship satisfaction. The results indicated that American (but not Brazilian) men’s sexual coercion is positively correlated with their performance of cost-inflicting and benefit-provisioning mate retention behaviors. Men’s sexual coercion did not affect their partner’s relationship satisfaction in either the American or Brazilian contexts. The SCIRS-SF (nine items) reliably represents the SCIRS (34 items) in the American context. We recommend the SCIRS-SF for assessing performance frequency of sexual coercion. The SCIRS-SF may be used as a screening tool to identify patterns of sexual coercion in couples from Brazil and the United States. We highlight limitations of the current research and identify directions for future research.
Poisoning children: A reflection on the social constraints of children’s agency and narratives of sexual abuse
Authors: Baraldi Claudio
Published: December 2018

Drawing inspiration from a story of abuses, involving 16 children in 1997–1998, this article deals with the social constraints on children’s participation in institutional interactions, in particular for what concerns their accounts of abuse. The article explores the problem of the truthfulness of children’s accounts through the lenses of an approach combining a theory of narratives, the concept of children’s agency and the analysis of interactions. It analyses the institutional context in which the children’s narratives were constructed and validated, drawing some conclusions about the ways in which institutions may deal with children’s agency.
A wearable vibrotactile system for distributed guidance in teleoperation and virtual environments
Authors: Bai Dongming , Ju Feng , Qi Fei , Cao Yanfei , Wang Yaoyao , Chen Bai
Published: December 2018

A novel wearable vibrotactile system is proposed in this article to enhance the performance of teleoperation robot systems. Using a wearable vibrotactile glove, the proposed system guides the operator in the master–slave control through a vibrotactile-visual guidance method. Based on sensory substitution, the vibrotactile-visual combined guidance method combines vibration stimuli and visual feedback to substitute the virtual guidance force. A vibrotactile potential field is constructed in the workspace of the master-operator to calculate the frequency of the vibration stimulus. To provide vibration stimuli, a novel vibrotactile glove is designed and manufactured based on the layout of the sensitive region of human hand. As the human hand is unable to discriminate vibration stimuli of all frequencies, the vibration stimulus is discretization according to the result of the vibration discriminability experiment. At last, two contrast experiments in obstacle-free and obstacle-existing environments are conducted to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the wearable vibrotactile system. The results show that this wearable vibrotactile system is an effective solution for guiding the operators in teleoperation and virtual environments.
Design and flight-stability analysis of a closed fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle formation controller
Authors: Zhang Jialong , Xiao Bing , Lv Maolong , Zhang Qiang
Published: December 2018

This article addresses a flight-stability problem for the multiple unmanned aerial vehicles cooperative formation flight in the process of the closed and high-speed flight. The main objective is to design a cooperative formation controller with known external factors, and this controller can keep the consensus of attitude and position and reduce the communication delay between any two unmanned aerial vehicles and increase unmanned aerial vehicles formation cruise time under the known external factors. Known external factors are taken into consideration, and longitude maneuvers using nonlinear thrust vectors were employed with unsteady aerodynamic models, according to the attitude and position of unmanned aerial vehicles, which were employed as corresponding input signals for studying the dynamic characteristics of unmanned aerial vehicles formation flight. In addition, the relative distance between any two unmanned aerial vehicles was not allowed to exceed their safe distance so that the controller could perform collision avoidance. An analysis of formation flight distance error shows that it converged to a fixed value that well ensured unmanned aerial vehicles formation flight stability. The experimental results show that the controller can improve the speed of a closed formation effectively and maintain the stability of formation flight, which provides a method for closed formation flight controller design and collision avoidance for any two unmanned aerial vehicles. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of proposed controller is fully proved by semi-physical simulation platform.
Development of a new magnetorheological fluid–based brake with multiple coils placed on the side housings
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Diep , Le-Duc Thang , Hiep Le Dai , Nguyen Quoc Hung
Published: December 2018

In this research, a new configuration of magnetorheological fluid–based brake with multiple coils placed on each side of the brake housing (multiple side-coil magnetorheological fluid–based brake) is proposed, optimally designed, and evaluated. With this configuration, the multiple side-coil magnetorheological fluid–based brake is expected to provide higher braking torque and more compact size than the traditional magnetorheological fluid–based brake. After a brief introduction about the development of magnetorheological fluid–based brake, the configuration of multiple side-coil magnetorheological fluid–based brake is proposed. Braking torque of the proposed magnetorheological fluid–based brake is then analyzed based on the Bingham plastic rheological model of magnetorheological fluid. The optimization of the proposed multiple side-coil magnetorheological fluid–based brake, the magnetorheological fluid–based brake with one coil placed on each side of the brake housing (single side-coil magnetorheological fluid–based brake), and the conventional magnetorheological fluid–based brake is then performed considering maximum braking torque and mass of the brakes. Based on the optimal results, advanced performance characteristics of the proposed magnetorheological fluid–based brake are figured out. In addition, experimental works are conducted to validate the performance of the proposed multiple side-coil magnetorheological fluid–based brake.
Vibration suppression of a rotating cantilever beam under magnetic excitations by applying the magnetostrictive material
Authors: Xu Xueping , Han Qinkai , Chu Fulei , Parker Robert G
Published: December 2018

The dynamic model and vibration suppression of a rotating cantilever beam under magnetic excitations are investigated in this article. The nonlinear constitutive relation of magnetostrictive materials is presented. The layout of the control system is demonstrated and explained. The kinetic energy, potential energy of the system, and work done by the electromagnetic force are obtained. The dynamic equations of the system are obtained and discretized by the Hamilton principle and Galerkin approach, respectively. Based on the negative feedback control method, the control scheme is implemented by the magnetostrictive layer. The dynamic model and control method are validated by the references. Various parameter values of the magnetic excitations and rotating beam systems are investigated to reveal their effects on the control behaviors of the bending vibration. Results illustrate that the magnetic excitations bring negative stiffness in the system and increase the responses of beam greatly. The magnetostrictive suppression is effective and can be regarded as the damping effect in the dynamic equations. Increasing the control gain, bias magnetic field and width ratio of the magnetostrictive layer to the controlled layer are beneficial to the vibration control. However, enlarging the angular velocity and pre-stress is harmful to the vibration suppression.
Numerical and experimental investigation of damage severity estimation using Lamb wave–based imaging methods
Authors: Migot Asaad , Bhuiyan Yeasin , Giurgiutiu Victor
Published: December 2018

In this article, estimation of crack size, shape, and orientation was investigated numerically and experimentally using Lamb waves. A hybrid global–local approach was used in conjunction with the imaging methods for the numerical simulation. The hybrid global–local approach allowed fast and efficient prediction of scattering wave signals for Lamb wave interaction with crack from various incident directions. The simulation results showed the directionality effect of the scattering wave signals and suggested an optimum transmitter–sensor configuration. Two imaging methods were used: one involves the synthetic time reversal concept and the other involves Gaussian distribution function. Both imaging methods show very good agreement during simulations. Experiments were designed and conducted based on the simulated results. A network of eight piezoelectric wafer active sensors was used to capture the scattering waves from the crack. Both the pitch-catch and pulse-echo experimental modes were used. The directionality effect of incident Lamb waves on the imaging results was studied. The effect of summation, multiplication, and combined algorithms for each imaging method was studied. It was found that both methods can successfully predict the crack size and orientation. An attempt was made to use these imaging methods for detecting and sizing smaller sized damage (1- to 3-mm-diameter hole). It was found that these methods can successfully localize the hole, but size estimation was a bit challenging because of the smaller dimensions. The scattering waves for various hole sizes were studied.
Development, manufacturing, and validation of a dielectric elastomer membrane actuator–driven contactor
Authors: Linnebach Philipp , Simone Filomena , Rizzello Gianluca , Seelecke Stefan
Published: December 2018

Dielectric elastomers represent a relatively new technology with high potentials for actuators’ applications. Thanks to their lightweight, fast operations, energy efficiency, low power consumption, large deformations, and high scalability, dielectric elastomers permit to develop novel mechatronic systems capable of overperforming standard actuation technologies, such as solenoid valves, in several applications. This article presents a novel design for a dielectric elastomer–driven actuator system which enables closing and opening of a contactor. The design is based on a combination between circular out-of-plane dielectric elastomer membranes and a bi-stable biasing system which allows to increase the out-of-plane stroke. Characterization of the contactor is initially performed in order to establish the actuator requirements in terms of force and stroke. Then, systematic design and manufacturing are carried out for both dielectric elastomer membranes and biasing mechanism. Finally, the effectiveness of the actuator in closing and opening the contactor is validated experimentally. The results show comparable dynamic performance to a conventional electromagnetic drive, with the additional advantage of a significantly lower energy consumption.
The Shadow Side of Teaching Classroom as Organization
Authors: Chappell Stacie , Thomas Debby
Published: December 2018

Classroom as organization (CAO) is an approach at the extreme end of an experiential learning intensity continuum. While proponents suggest they would never go back to a teacher-centered classroom, CAO has not become widely adopted since its initial description by Cohen. We argue this is, in part, because of shadow elements that may discourage faculty in both initial adoption and persistence in the journey from novice to master. This article reports the authors’ reflexive process related to the shadow elements they encountered as early adopters of the CAO methodology. The article begins with a brief background on CAO, followed by a discussion of shadow elements that manifest at the student and faculty levels. We include our recommendations for practice.
Teaching and Learning—You Really Mean Profit and Learning: The Business of Learning
Authors: Laing Angus
Published: December 2018

Deans and academic colleagues are collectively involved in the delivery of business education. Yet their perspectives on teaching and learning can vary significantly reflecting the distinctive position from which they view the process. The dean’s perspective is shaped by external drivers and reference groups that are very different from those shaping the perspective of academics on the educational front line. Despite commonality of background there can be mutual incomprehension of each other’s worlds and associated world view. Sharing the obsessions of deans around teaching and learning is critical to addressing such incomprehension and enhancing the delivery of business education.
Expertise, Teaching, and Craft
Authors: Taylor Steven S.
Published: December 2018

My vision of the future: The business school is not an architectural masterpiece across the river from the main campus. It now sits squarely in the middle of campus, a slightly worse for the wear place where students of all disciplines come and go. On campus, it is not even called The Business School. Instead, it goes by its nickname, “The School of Getting Shit Done.” Small teams of students are gathered in small conference rooms working on projects to bring the work of the engineers, the artists, and the scientists into the wider world. They build the organizations that allow the rest of the university to have impact and fulfill its mission of benefiting society. This is where the business artists of the future learn their craft as they work with their peers across campus. Like most artists, they learn to work in many mediums, including money and buzz and connection between people. The faculty wander in and out of the business studios, offering practical demonstrations of craft skill, hands-on advice, and critique sessions. And you can feel the energy, you can feel that, indeed, shit is getting done.
Can Google Analytics Certification Cultivate PR Students’ Competency in Digital Analytics? A Longitudinal Pedagogical Research
Authors: Meng Juan , Jin Yan , Lee Yen-I , Kim Solyee
Published: December 2018

This longitudinal pedagogical research investigates students’ perceptions and learning outcomes by integrating web and social analytics–based learning activities (i.e., Google Analytics courses and certification test) into Public Relations Research course design. Results from the pretest before introducing the analytics learning assignment confirmed that students’ knowledge on web and social analytics is low but their desire to learn is high. Results from the posttest after passing the certification test indicated students are eager to have more experience-based learning activities to apply knowledge related to web and social analytics in public relations research and practice. More pedagogical recommendations are discussed.
Nonsense, Play, and Liminality: Putting Postintentionality in Dialogue With De/colonizing Ontoepistemologies
Authors: Bhattacharya Kakali
Published: December 2018

In this article, I put postintentionality in dialogue with de/colonizing ontoepistemologies to identify where these perspectives converge and diverge. Informed by Vagle’s notion that a particular idea may have virtue in one discipline while considered a given in another, I explore the possibilities of hybridized, interdisciplinary work that crosses various borders. By placing these fluid disciplinary discourses in dialogue, I identify a shift in my thinking that situates nonsense and play as de/colonial moves by highlighting the subversive and lasting effects of a children’s text written in India during British rule. Certain poststructural ideas have become so well established in my discipline (and others) that they have become a given, which has prompted me to immerse myself in exploring the role of nonsense and play in de/coloniality.
Can Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment Education and Clinical Exposure Affect Nursing Students’ Stigma Perception Toward Alcohol and Opioid Use?
Authors: Mahmoud Khadejah F. , Finnell Deborah , Lindsay Dawn , MacFarland Carolyn , Marze Hannah D. , Scolieri Britney B. , Mitchell Ann M.
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND: Alcohol and/or opioid stigma perceptions are barriers to screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) implementation. AIM: To examine SBIRT education and clinical exposure efficacy at decreasing nursing students’ stigma perceptions toward caring for patients affected by alcohol and/or opioid use problems. METHOD: A single-sample, pretest–posttest design with N = 124 nursing students. The students had a 1.5-hour SBIRT education session and a 12-week clinical experience with some patients who had alcohol and/or opioid use problems. RESULTS: The participants’ stigma perceptions improved toward patients who had alcohol and/or opioid use problems. CONCLUSIONS: SBIRT education and clinical exposure may provide a basis for promoting understanding of alcohol and/or opioid use–related stigma and can be used as an intervention to decrease some of stigma’s negative effects.
Second gradient homogenization of multilayered composites based on the method of oscillating functions
Authors: Maurice Gérard , Ganghoffer Jean-François , Rahali Yosra
Published: December 2018

The present paper aims at developing a homogenization scheme for the identification of strain-gradient elastic moduli, based on the mathematical approach of homogenization introduced by L. Tartar. We expose in the first part of this paper the needed mathematical apparatus in view of the derivation of the effective first and second gradient mechanical properties of two-phase composite materials, focusing on a one-dimensional situation. Each of the two phases is supposed to obey a second gradient linear elastic constitutive law. Application of the method of oscillating functions to the homogenization of multilayer materials showing strong strain gradients like composites with a strong contrast of properties of their constituents leads to closed form expressions of the effective first and second gradient moduli, including the coupling coefficients between first and second gradient terms. These results are then applied to the situations of multilayers with interfaces considered as the locus of strong strain gradients, and stratified materials. Analytical expressions of the effective moduli versus the first and second elasticity properties of the plies within the unit cell are obtained in both situations.
Social Media Vaccine Websites: A Comparative Analysis of Public and Moderated Websites
Authors: Shoup Jo Ann , Narwaney Komal J. , Wagner Nicole M. , Kraus Courtney R. , Gleason Kathy S. , Albright Karen , Glanz Jason M.
Published: December 2018

The internet is an important source of vaccine information for parents. We evaluated and compared the interactive content on an expert moderated vaccine social media (VSM) website developed for parents of children 24 months of age or younger and enrolled in a health care system to a random sample of interactions extracted from publicly available parenting and vaccine-focused blogs and discussion forums. The study observation period was September 2013 through July 2016. Three hundred sixty-seven eligible websites were located using search terms related to vaccines. Seventy-nine samples of interactions about vaccines on public blogs and discussion boards and 61 interactions from the expert moderated VSM website were coded for tone, vaccine stance, and accuracy of information. If information was inaccurate, it was coded as corrected, partially corrected or uncorrected. Using chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests, we compared coded interactions from the VSM website with coded interactions from the sample of publicly available websites. We then identified representative quotes to illustrate the quantitative results. Tone, vaccine stance, and accuracy of information were significantly different (all p < .05). Publicly available vaccine websites tended to be more contentious and have a negative stance toward vaccines. These websites also had inaccurate and uncorrected information. In contrast, the expert moderated website had a more civil tone, minimal posting of inaccurate information, with very little participant-to-participant interaction. An expert moderated, interactive vaccine website appears to provide a platform for parents to gather accurate vaccine information, express their vaccine concerns and ask questions of vaccine experts.
Captivating algorithms: Recommender systems as traps
Authors: Seaver Nick
Published: December 2018

Algorithmic recommender systems are a ubiquitous feature of contemporary cultural life online, suggesting music, movies, and other materials to their users. This article, drawing on fieldwork with developers of recommender systems in the US, describes a tendency among these systems’ makers to describe their purpose as ‘hooking’ people – enticing them into frequent or enduring usage. Inspired by steady references to capture in the field, the author considers recommender systems as traps, drawing on anthropological theories about animal trapping. The article charts the rise of ‘captivation metrics’ – measures of user retention – enabled by a set of transformations in recommenders’ epistemic, economic, and technical contexts. Traps prove useful for thinking about how such systems relate to broader infrastructural ecologies of knowledge and technology. As recommenders spread across online cultural infrastructures and become practically inescapable, thinking with traps offers an alternative to common ethical framings that oppose tropes of freedom and coercion.
High-achieving, low-income students’ perspectives of how schools can promote the academic achievement of students living in poverty
Authors: Williams Joseph M , Greenleaf Arie T , Barnes Erin F , Scott Tracey R
Published: December 2018

Children and adolescents from low-income families now comprise a majority of public school students nationally. As the number of students from low-income backgrounds increases, so does the achievement gap between them and their wealthier peers. This phenomenological qualitative study examined a national sample of high-achieving, low-income middle school students’ ( N = 24) perspectives on what schools can do to promote the academic achievement of students from low-income backgrounds. Three main themes and seven subthemes were identified: create a culture of hope, develop relational networks, and establish meaningful parent–school collaborations. Implications for counselors and educators serving youth living in poverty are discussed.
Heino, Rammstein and the double-ironic melancholia of Germanness
Authors: Schiller Melanie
Published: December 2018

Mass migration and the so-called refugee crisis have put questions of national identifications high on political and social agendas in Germany and all over Europe, and have ignited anew debates about the inclusiveness and exclusiveness of Germanness. In this context, popular culture texts and practices offer insights into how identities are marked, and they engage in and produce discourses about national belonging. In this article, I will focus on how popular music in particular plays a pivotal role in the creation and negotiation of national identifications as it functions as a site of continuous (re-)articulations of Germanness. I focus on a recent peak in the controversy of the discourse surrounding Germanness as it unravelled in 2013, when the nation’s most successful Heimat- and Schlager singer Heino ironically covered, among others, the song ‘Sonne’ by Germany’s internationally most successful (and notoriously controversial) popular music export: Rammstein. In analysing the multiple layers of irony articulated by Rammstein, Heino and the audience as tropes of negotiations of Germanness in popular music as processes through which identity is actively imagined, created, and constructed, I argue that the double-ironic articulation of Germanness by Rammstein and Heino, and the discursive controversy in its wake, point to the melancholic temporality of German national identification as an impossible ‘remembrance’ of its traumatic national past.
The effects of news authorship, exclusiveness and media type in readers’ paying intent for online news: An experimental study
Authors: Goyanes Manuel , Artero Juan Pablo , Zapata Lara
Published: December 2018

This study explores how news authorship, exclusiveness, and media type affect readers’ paying intent for digital contents. A web-based experiment involving 602 Spanish adults reveals that authorship (prestigious journalist), exclusiveness, and media type (legacy media and new media over unknown media) increase readers’ economic value assessments of online news. In addition, our results show that the interaction between authorship and media type is affected by the level of news exclusiveness: when an online article is written by a prestigious journalist and is exclusive, readers’ heuristic assessments of its economic value are biased toward new media over legacy ones, and thus privilege the former and penalize the latter in their pecuniary evaluations. These results might point to a change in readers’ consumption patterns, favoring the brand values, and news production processes of new media over legacy ones.
Framing and switches at the outset of qualitative research interviews
Authors: Aarsand Liselott , Aarsand Pål
Published: December 2018

The article focuses on the opening sequences in qualitative research interviews and in particular examines the interactive work of achieving ‘topic talk’. Using the concepts of activity types, activity frames and contextualization cues, a close-up analysis of eight focus-group interviews and 12 semi-structured interviews was conducted. The findings show that the interviewees display familiarity with the interview as an activity type and how it is to be socially organized. However, to create a joint focus of attention, thereby getting off to an adequate start, the participants also need to agree upon an activity frame and a distribution of positions to achieve a frame switch, which here emerges through the interactional work of announcing, customizing and approving. Accordingly, by highlighting the communicative and practical circumstances of qualitative research interviewing, the opening sequences are considered to be a delicate interactive affair, however, where the interviewer has to take the main responsibility.
Damage detection in carbon fiber–reinforced polymer composite via electrical resistance tomography with Gaussian anisotropic regularization
Authors: Cagáň Jan , Pelant Jaroslav , Kyncl Martin , Kadlec Martin , Michalcová Lenka
Published: December 2018

Electrical resistance tomography is a method for sensing the spatial distribution of electrical conductivity. Therefore, this type of tomography is suitable for sensing damages, which affect electrical conductivity. The utilization of resistance tomography for the structural health monitoring of carbon fiber–reinforced polymer composites is questionable owing to its low spatial resolution and the strong anisotropy of carbon fiber–reinforced polymer composites. This article deals with the employment of resistance tomography with regularization based on a Gaussian anisotropic smoothing filter for the detection of cuts. The advantages of the filter are shown through the image reconstruction of rectangular composite specimens with three different laminate stacking sequences. The cuts are implemented by a milled groove. Visual comparison of the images shows a substantial improvement in the shape reconstruction ability. In addition to visual comparison, the image reconstructions are assessed in terms of the reconstruction error and cross-correlation.
Damage identification of low-density material–filled sandwich panels with truss core based on vibration properties
Authors: Le Jie , Lu Lingling , Wang Yabo , Song Hongwei , Xing Xiaodong , Huang Chenguang
Published: December 2018

A damage-identification method based on flexibility matrix and Teager energy operator is proposed for low-density material–filled sandwich panels with truss core. In the proposed damage index, weight coefficient r is introduced to consider the effect of damages on both high-order and low-order modes. Numerical simulations and experiments are conducted to assess the performance of the proposed method. Effects of Young’s modulus of the filler material on the accuracy of the proposed method are also discussed. Results reveal that the method is reliable and effective for single-damage and multiple-damages identification of filled sandwich panels with truss core, and weight coefficient plays an important role, especially for cases with multiple damages or damages of small extent. Damage identification becomes more difficult as Young’s modulus of the filler increases, and there is a critical value, after which the damage could not be identified by the proposed method.
Scottish Transnational Discourse of the Great War: A Genealogy of Eric Bogle’s “And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda” and Hugh MacDiarmid’s “At the Cenotaph”
Authors: Valdés Miyares J. Rubén
Published: December 2018

A comparison of a 1971 popular song, Eric Bogle’s “And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda” with a 1935 poem, Hugh MacDiarmid’s “At the Cenotaph,” enables this article to produce a transnational, trans-genre and trans-historical discourse analysis of memories of the Great War of 1914-1918. While an ethonosymbolic approach allows for the discovery of resemblances and continuities, Nietzschean genealogy criticizes such monumental, associative views of the past and focuses instead on the casual connections between disperse moments in time. Critical discourse analysis, in turn, offers a possible synthesis by distinguishing historical narrative structures, cultural practices (the Anzac parades and cenotaphs to honor the heroic dead), and textual events, in this case the satirical representation of the Great War in later song and poetry.
Immersive Virtual Reality for the Management of Pain in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Benham Sara , Kang Minhee , Grampurohit Namrata
Published: December 2018

Immersive virtual reality (VR) can provide a high level of engagement and distraction analgesia to address pain. However, community-based applications of this technology for older adults have not been studied. The objective of this study was to examine the applicability and effectiveness of an immersive VR intervention for pain, depression, and quality of life (QOL) in older adults. This pretest–posttest, mixed-methods design included senior center members ( n = 12) with pain that interfered with daily functioning. The outcomes included the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) depression scale, World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Brief Version (WHO QOL-BREF), and open-ended questions. The VR intervention (15- to 45-min sessions, 12 sessions over 6 weeks) was well accepted with no dropouts. There was a significant decrease in pain ( p = .002, d = −1.54) with no effect on depression and QOL. There were no adverse effects, and positive perceptions of VR were reported. The 6-week immersive VR intervention was applicable and effective in reducing pain intensity for community-dwelling older adults.
A Single Session of Robot-Controlled Proprioceptive Training Modulates Functional Connectivity of Sensory Motor Networks and Improves Reaching Accuracy in Chronic Stroke
Authors: Vahdat Shahabeddin , Darainy Mohammed , Thiel Alexander , Ostry David J.
Published: December 2018

Background. Passive robot-generated arm movements in conjunction with proprioceptive decision making and feedback modulate functional connectivity (FC) in sensory motor networks and improve sensorimotor adaptation in normal individuals. This proof-of-principle study investigates whether these effects can be observed in stroke patients. Methods. A total of 10 chronic stroke patients with a range of stable motor and sensory deficits (Fugl-Meyer Arm score [FMA] 0-65, Nottingham Sensory Assessment [NSA] 10-40) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after a single session of robot-controlled proprioceptive training with feedback. Changes in FC were identified in each patient using independent component analysis as well as a seed region–based approach. FC changes were related to impairment and changes in task performance were assessed. Results. A single training session improved average arm reaching accuracy in 6 and proprioception in 8 patients. Two networks showing training-associated FC change were identified. Network C1 was present in all patients and network C2 only in patients with FM scores >7. Relatively larger C1 volume in the ipsilesional hemisphere was associated with less impairment ( r = 0.83 for NSA, r = 0.73 for FMA). This association was driven by specific regions in the contralesional hemisphere and their functional connections (supramarginal gyrus with FM scores r = 0.82, S1 with NSA scores r = 0.70, and cerebellum with NSA score r = −0.82). Conclusion. A single session of robot-controlled proprioceptive training with feedback improved movement accuracy and induced FC changes in sensory motor networks of chronic stroke patients. FC changes are related to functional impairment and comprise bilateral sensory and motor network nodes.
Leading Causes of Fatal and Nonfatal Unintentional Injury for Children and Teens and the Role of Lifestyle Clinicians: A Commentary
Authors: Yeargin Susan
Published: December 2018

Unintentional injury and death as a public health concern has not been established in the pediatric population. This is a commentary on a review of epidemiological data of unintentional deaths and injuries with a focus on age, sex, and racial differences in this population. The review takes in-depth look at children aged 0-19 years in the US, followed by a discussion of strategies suggested to address mechanisms of these injuries/deaths. Lifestyle clinicians have a significant role in educating this population and their parent/guardians. Therefore providing insight into the interpretation of the data can support practical education and prevention interventions.
The Importance of Creating Habits and Routine
Authors: Arlinghaus Katherine R. , Johnston Craig A.
Published: December 2018

One of the greatest challenges to lifestyle medicine is patient adherence. Lifestyle diseases inherently require lifetime prevention and treatment. Therefore, adherence to lifestyle medicine recommendations must also be long-term. Long-term adherence implies that a routine incorporating health recommendations has been developed. Instead of focusing on the immediacy of adherence in lifestyle changes, health care providers could consider helping patients develop a routine to slowly incorporate those changes. This perspective may enable greater long-term adherence to lifestyle change recommendations.
Interaction of external head impact parameters on region and volume of strain for collisions in sport
Authors: Oeur R Anna , Gilchrist Michael D , Hoshizaki Thomas Blaine
Published: December 2018

Collisions with the head are the primary cause of concussion in contact sports. Head impacts can be further characterized by velocity, striking mass, compliance, and location (direction). The purpose of this study was to describe the interaction effects of these parameters on peak strain in four brain regions and the volume of strain for collision impacts. A pendulum test set-up was used to deliver impacts to an adult Hybrid III headform according to four levels of mass (3, 9, 15, and 21 kg), four velocities (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 m/s), two impact locations (through the centre of gravity and a non-centre of gravity), and three levels of compliance simulating unprotected, helmeted, and well-padded conditions in sport. Headform accelerations were input into a brain finite element model to obtain peak strain in the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes and the volume of the brain experiencing 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25 strains. Centre-of-gravity impacts created the highest strains (peak and volume) under low compliance and non-centre-of-gravity impacts produced greater strain responses under medium and high compliance conditions. The temporal lobe was the region that consistently displayed the highest peak strains, which may be due to the proximity of the impact locations to this region. Interactions between mass and velocity displayed effects where the 9-kg mass had higher peak and volumes of strain than the 15-kg mass at velocities of 3.0 and 4.5 m/s. This study demonstrates the important role of interacting impact parameters on increasing strain responses that are relevant to the spectrum of diffuse brain injuries, including concussion.