bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Flouting of Conversational Maxims and its Results in New Girl Situational Comedy
Authors: Dhamastri Zhafira Ayu
Published: April 2021

This research aims to identify the types of conversational maxims that are flouted in New Girl situational comedy, study the implied meaning,investigate the most dominant conversational maxim that is being flouted, and identify the results of the flouting. This research took data from the script of New Girl sitcom season 1 episode 1-5. The result of the research shows that all types of conversational maxims, which are maxim of quantity, quality, relation, manner, and the combination of maxims are being flouted by the characters. There are 59 flouted utterances and the most flouted maxim in the situational comedy is the maxim of relation (28,8%). There are 17 types of results of the flouting found: praise, disagreement, suggestion, declaration, agreement, action, enquiry, refusal, order, refusal and request, disagreement and persuasion, declaration and enquiry, suggestion and enquiry, agreement and enquiry, order and declaration, agreement and explanation, and also the combination of agreement, declaration, praise and order.
Impoliteness and Power in U.S. Political Campaign Debates: The Case of Donald Trump
Authors: Wijanarko Ahmad , Sembodo Thomas Joko Priyo
Published: April 2021

This research examines impoliteness strategies in the context of political campaign debates by the presidential candidates, particularly by Donald Trump against other candidates. The data used in this research, taken from the last three National Republican debates, were Donald Trump’s utterances in which he employed impoliteness strategies. The data were analyzed using Garcia-Pastor’s (2008) impoliteness strategies. The results show that Donald Trump employed the negative-face oriented strategies much more frequently (66.15%) than the positive-face oriented strategies (33.85%). The negative-face oriented strategy ‘state the communicative act(s) as common or shared knowledge’ was the most frequently used (30.38%). These results suggest that for the purposes of asserting power in the debates, Donald Trump tends to use negative-faced oriented impoliteness strategies in his political debates.
American Society Viewed from Youths’ Lens: A Study on Bob Dylan’s “A Hard Rain’s a-Gonna Fall”
Authors: Rodi Fauzan , Jatmiko Rahmawan
Published: April 2021

This study examines the lyric of a famous song entitled A Hard Rains a-Gonna Fall composed by American folk musician, Bob Dylan. The objective of this study is to analyze the perspective of the baby-boomer generation, which remarkably differs from that of the older generations in terms of their attitude on certain issues such as war, social injustice, racism and equality in the 1960s America. All of these are reflected in the lyric of the song and also in the sociological and historical facts around the time when the work was created. The approach of sociological literature is employed in this study, which is chosen for the analysis to start from the assumption that the meaning of the lyrics is seen as the reflection of what happens in the society. This is also to reconfirm that a literary work can be used as a means of analyzing a period of time and, therefore, giving insights as to how the general public think about it.
Terms of Address Showing Disrespect in Orange is the New Black
Authors: Adenda Sufi , Roselani Ni Gusti Ayu
Published: April 2021

This research investigates terms of address showing disrespect in a television series entitled Orange Is the New Black. The data used in this research were utterances containing terms of address showing disrespect found in the first eight episodes of season one of the series. 107 terms of disrespect addresses were found, which were then analyzed using Allan and Burridge’s (2006) and Dunkling’s (1990) categories of insults. The results show that the most frequently used category of insults in the series (43%) was the comparison of people with animals category and the Hispanics express the disrespect address terms the most (6.1 disrespect address terms per 1000 words) in comparison with the African-Americans (5.5) and the Caucasians (1.5).
Hierarchy of Expressive Culture in Birdman
Authors: Sarahtika Dhania Putri , Saktiningrum Nur
Published: April 2021

Despite the accolades that it has received, Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) has not been thoroughly studied in the academic sphere. This research attempts to examine the hierarchy of expressive culture portrayed in the screenplay of Birdman using Lawrence W. Levine’s theory (1988) of cultural hierarchy. A sociological approach by Swingewood & Laurenson (1972) is applied to see the work’s relation to the society. Firstly there is highbrow/lowbrow categorization, followed by an analysis of the challenges to the hierarchy; each process includes comparison between the findings and the reality in the present-day American society to see their resemblance.
Request Strategies in the TV Series Victorious
Authors: Lestari Windy Alviora , Sembodo Thomas Joko Priyo
Published: April 2021

This research aimed to investigate request strategies as found in an American TV series Victorious. In particular, it attempted to identify and classify request head acts, external modifications, and types of sentences of the requests expressed by the characters in the series. Therefore, utterances containing requests in the TV series were used as the data of this study. The results show that the most frequently used request strategy in the TV series was direct strategy (mood derivable) with 194 occurrences (67%). In addition, an external modification by means of grounder was found to be the most frequent strategy in the TV series with 32 occurrences (94% of the total number of the external modifications). Furthermore, it was found that the imperative sentence was the most frequent type of sentence utilized by the characters in the series when making requests with 216 occurrences (74%). In conclusion, the tendency for the characters to use mood derivable as their request strategy might due to their intimacy with each character and the informal situations and conversations where they interacted with each other throughout the TV series. In addition, the proclivity of the characters to use grounder may relate to ease and simplicity. Finally, the tendency of the characters to use declarative sentences when making requests might due to its simplicity and function to state facts, opinions, or ideas.
Grammatical Errors in Indonesian University Students’ Posters in Yogyakarta
Authors: Khansa Adila Salma , Sutrisno Adi
Published: April 2021

This study aims to investigate grammatical errors in posters published byIndonesianUniversitystudents’ inYogyakarta. The errors are classified based on the Surface Strategy Taxonomy by Dulay, Burt, and Krashen (1982) mixed with linguistic categories. Based on the data analysis on 97 posters from 7 universities inYogyakarta, there are 201 errors found. The highest frequency of errors is Omission in terms of number with 122 occurrences (60.69 %), followed by Omission in subject-verb concord with 45 errors (22.38 %), and Omission of preposition with 6 occurrences (2.98 %). In total there are 182 (90.56%) Omission errors, while the other errors only occur less than 10%. The result shows that there are tendencies to omit necessary items rather than add, misform, misorder, or misuse items.
The Translation Strategies of Metaphors in the Movies Mulan and Moana
Authors: Alanisa Prasna Audri , Munandar Aris
Published: April 2021

This study analyzes the metaphor in the movies Mulan and Moana. The objectives of this research are to identify the strategy in the translation of metaphor and to explain the motive in using the translation strategy. This research employs several theories such as Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) theory to identify the metaphor, Newmark’s (1988) theory to categorize the translation strategy. The result of this study shows that out of seven strategies, three strategies are employed to translate the metaphor in the movies. Those strategies are 1) reproducing the same image as the source language, 2) replacing the image into a different image in the target language, and 3) converting the image into sense. The strategy of reproducing the same image is used when the metaphorical image is acceptable in the target language. The strategy of replacing the image into a different image is employed when the SL image is uncommon and there is an equal image in the target language. When the metaphorical image is not familiar and there is no equal image in the target language, converting the image into the sense is applied in translating the metaphor.
Turn-Taking Strategies Produced by Male and Female Presenters in American TV Shows
Authors: Rivai Nur Trihandayani
Published: April 2021

This study aims at examining the turn-taking strategies performed by male presenter, Jimmy Kimmel, and female presenter, Ellen DeGeneres, in two American TV talk shows. The data were analyzed using Stenstrom theory (1994) for the turn-taking strategies performed by both presenters. The findings revealed the following. (1) As the representation of male presenters, in conversation with male guests, Jimmy performed most of the strategies such as hesitant start, clean start, uptakes, links, alert, filled pause/ verbal fillers, silent pause, lexical repetition, a new start prompting and appealing. However, he did not apply metacomment and giving up strategy. Furthermore, in conversation with female guests, he used all the strategies, except hesitant start, metacomment, lexical repetition, a new start, and giving up strategy. (2) As the representation of female presenters, Ellen did not use metacomment, silent pause, and giving up strategies in her conversation with male guests. On the other hand, in conversation with female guests, she used all the strategies, except metacomment strategy. (3) This study also revealed that male presenters interrupted more often to female guests than to male guests, which supports the theory proposed by Zimmerman and West (1975).
Translation Strategies in Tempo English Magazine
Authors: Nisa Salma Felia , Basuki Amin
Published: April 2021

This research aims at identifying and examining the translation strategies applied in Tempo English magazine, the English edition of Tempo magazine. The data were gathered from 10 selected articles of the source magazine, Tempo, and its translated magazine, Tempo English, both of which belonged to the edition of April 30 – May 6, 2018. The analysis and categorization were based on the news translation theory proposed by Bielsa and Bassnett and supported by Joan Cutting’s context theory as well. The result of this research shows that the translators of Tempo English magazine used all of the news translation strategies in translating the Indonesian news articles to English. There were 199 data found in the research with 77 data of the Addition strategy, 68 data of the Elimination, 25 data of the strategy of Summarizing Information, 15 data of the Change in the Order of Paragraphs, and the other 14 data using the Change of Title and Lead. The research analysis concludes that in the strategy of the Change in the Order of Paragraphs, Tempo English magazine tended to apply the change of order at the phrase and sentence level rather than at the paragraph level.
Elite Domination and Lower Class Resistance in Ernest Cline’s Ready Player One
Authors: Hidayat Dika Shafira , Munjid Achmad
Published: April 2021

This research examines Ernest Cline’s Ready Player One (2011), a popular science fiction novel. The objective of this research is to find out how a massive company called IOI (Innovative Online Industries) runs its domination against people in the novel. Furthermore, this paper also studies how the people resist the company’s domination. This study uses Marxist Theory since it investigates class, class conflict and struggle, domination, and resistance. The elements of the theory are identified in the novel and therefore analyzed to reach the objectives. The results of the analysis show that conflict is the reason of class grouping. In Ready Player One, the capitalist wants to expand its domination by winning the easter egg hunt while the proletariat resists it. It is concluded that class struggle and conflicts brings the proletariat to work together to resist the capitalist’s domination.
БИТВА ЗА БУДУЩЕЕ МИКРОЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ
Authors: Макушин М.
Published: April 2021

Ускоренное создание национальной микроэлектроники КНР в рамках государственных программ с привлечением огромных ресурсов бросает вызов лидерству США. Рассматриваются некоторые аспекты «Холодной технологической вой­ны» США и КНР в области микроэлектроники.
Thematic Progression in Acehnese EFL Learner-Produced Texts
Authors: Risdaneva Risdaneva , Dahliana Syarifah
Published: April 2021

This study reports the thematic progression of the EFL learner- produced texts in Acehnese context. The study employed qualitative method focusing on the content analysis. The content analysis technique was incorporated to analyse the corpora of 40 learner-produced texts. The findings of the study highlight both prevalent and problematic thematic progression patterns in the students’ texts. The EFL learners are inclined to use the constant theme pattern with less consistency of accuracy in longer paragraphs. With regard to the problematic patterns, the students tend to find difficulties in developing the ideas throughout the texts. This is shown through the emergence of many brand new themes and empty rhemes which result in incohesive and incoherent texts. The overall findings suggest that introducing the theme- rheme pattern concept to the students in English writing classes can be useful for improving the cohesion of the EFL students’ writings.
Cal-Maine Foods, Inc.: stock price estimation in the midst of pandemic
Authors: Trejo-Pech Carlos Omar , White Susan
Published: April 2021

This case concerns an analyst’s task to value Cal-Maine Foods, Inc., the largest and only publicly traded U.S. egg production firm. The case takes place in 2020, at the time of the Covid-19 pandemic. Historically volatile egg prices were even more volatile in April 2020, with a large spike in prices that led the state of Texas to sue the firm for price gouging. Added to this, Cal-Maine had an unexpectedly bad earnings report a few months earlier, and prior to that, the firm cut its dividend. How should the analyst incorporate these shocks – or should they be included at all? How can the analyst assess the risk of a company that has volatile revenues and costs and a widely varying beta? Which factors is the analysis most sensitive to? Was the market overvaluing Cal-Maine? Or, was there potential for investors to profit from investing in the firm?
Urban Hopes, Sexual Horrors
Authors: Sen Atreyee , Jasani Rubina
Published: April 2021

Academic discussions of women and the eruption of urban riots in India focus on a range of women’s testimonies. From this perspective, Hindu women who belong to prominent and powerful right-wing organisations demonstrate religious and physical prowess, while minority and unprotected Muslim women are victims during outbreaks of communal violence. This article aims, if not to undermine, but to unsettle these gendered binaries in women’s experiences as victims or perpetrators of urban violence. We suggest that poor women on both sides of exclusionary propaganda and nationalistic discourses experience the actual violent eruption of hostilities as personal suffering and collective loss. Our analysis highlights how these experiences are intimately related to women’s domestic and family relations, bereavement, mobility, their peripheral socio-economic position, anxieties about the integrity of female bodies, etc., over and above women’s disillusionment with the state, secular and faith-based organisations.
Formulation and Antioxidant Activity of Mask Clay Extract Lycopene Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) with Variation of Concentrate Combination Kaoline and Bentonite Bases
Authors: Syamsidi Armini , Sulastri, M.Si.,Apt Evi , Syamsuddin Alifah Magfirah
Published: April 2021

Free radicals can cause damage to human skin, so antioxidants are needed to counteract the negative effects of these free radicals, for example preparations in the form of face masks. For tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) contains nutritious substances, namely lycopene which can be useful as an antioxidant in the skin. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in kaolin and bentonite bases on physical characteristics and antioxidant activity of tomato lycopene extract clay mask, and to determine the best formula. Tomato lycopene extract (Solanum lycopersicum L.) was modified into a microemulsion preparation to keep antioxidant activity stable. Kaolin and bentonite which were used as bases had various concentrations in each formula, namely F1 15% and 2%, F2 20% and 1.5%, F3 25% and 1%, F4 30% and 0.5%, respectively. The results showed that the four clay mask preparations were homogeneous and did not change in color, shape and aroma. The pH test on the four formulas is F1 4.33 ± 0.35, F2 5.58 ± 0.24, F3 6.48 ± 0.22, F4 7.34 ± 0.08. The viscosity test on the four formulas, namely F1 20213.3 ± 140.4, F2 24133.3 ± 83.26, F3 29080 ± 105.83, F4 33293.3 ± 378.06. The spreadability test was F1 6.59 ± 0.24, F2 5.59 ± 0.16, F3 4.85 ± 0.11, F4 7.84 ± 0.05. The test time for the preparation to dry was F1 19.02 ± 0.36, F2 15.33 ± 0.54, F3 11.27 ± 0.42, F4 8.24 ± 0.50. Easy-to-clean tests i.e. F1 and F2 are very easy to clean, F3 and F4 are easy to clean. The best formula for clay masks is the F3 preparation where the concentration of kaolin is 25% and bentonite is 1%.
Use of B-complex vitamins and olfactory training for treating COVID-19--related anosmia
Authors: Vityala Yethindra , Zhumabaeva Shirin , Imankulova Baktygul , Kurmanalieva Alina , Mamatov Sagynali
Published: April 2021

A 42-year-old male patient was diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019.
His symptoms improved 2 weeks after lopinavir therapy (400 mg every 12
hours). However, he was subsequently diagnosed with complete anosmia.
Magnetic resonance brain imaging showed no abnormalities. We prescribed
B-complex vitamins and olfactory training. Forty days later, he
recovered.
Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação: Fatores determinantes na qualidade e formação de profissionais
Authors: Vieira José Jairo , Moraes Marcelo Pereira de , Vieira Andréa Lopes da Costa
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho visa demonstrar o quanto é importante a avaliação das estratégias, planos e programas implantados no sistema educacional com a finalidade de aperfeiçoai, corrigir, desenvolver, adicionar novas metodologias e tomar decisões. Uma avaliação construtiva proporciona estas oportunidades para desenharmos um sistema público educacional de qualidade, de acordo com nossas demandas e realidades. Discrepâncias são localizadas de maneara bem clara quando verificamos índices estatísticos voltados para termos quantitativos como exemplo Censo relativos ao PROUNI, FUXDEF e PROHACAP, deixando de lado um índice que caminha paralelamente e é imprescindível para a realização e união da eficiência, eficácia e da produtividade: "a qualidade". Após a iniciação desta pesquisa, já podemos verificar de maneira geral que com as pessoas certas nos lugares certos, bem qualificadas e treinadas, com uma adequação e implantação de políticas públicas voltadas para nossas demandas sem introduzir pacotes internacionais que não condizem com nossa realidade, com um Órgão fiscalizador esterno, como exemplo o CGU, efetuando auditorias voltadas para a área da educação, dentro dos prazos necessários, com uma análise curricular mais específica do que generalista da formação de novos profissionais e tendo como base uma Instituição séria e impessoal voltada para o fornecimento na íntegra dos índices estatísticos supervenientes, há uma grande possibilidade de qualificarmos melhor a educação brasileira.
O papel do tutor: a experiência da tutoria no curso semipresencial da pedagogia UNESP/UNIVESP
Authors: Sousa Mauricio de
Published: April 2021

Este artigo descreve a atuação do tutor, chamado de Orientador de Disciplina, no curso semipresencial de Pedagogia promovido pela UNESP em parceria com a UNIVESP durante o período de 2010 a 2013. Além da descrição das atividades desenvolvidas pelo tutor, busca analisar a importância deste ator no desenvolvimento das ações pedagógicas em um curso na modalidade à distância.
O polo de apoio presencial como espaço de gestão e autonomia na EAD. As contingências na Gestão da EAD
Authors: Costa Simone do Nascimento da , Alves Luiz Roberto
Published: April 2021

Este artigo revela os resultados de pesquisa sobre três polos de apoio presencial ligados a modalidade a distância, considerando os processos de gestão e autonomia no contexto em que atuam. Trata-se de dois momentos de análise, respectivamente relacionados à estruturação dos polos, a partir de diretrizes preestabelecidas e da discussão sobre a realidade cultural e contingencial existente neste espaço; e, por fim à utilização da técnica da entrevista semiestruturada para a análise do processo de gestão e autonomia existente nos polos pesquisados. Para a aplicação da pesquisa foram realizadas entrevistas com os coordenadores dos respectivos polos (dois localizados no Estado de São Paulo e um no Estado do Paraná), sendo dois destes polos de ordem privada e o outro de ordem pública. Como resultado, obtém-se que apesar das diretrizes preestabelecidas, os polos possuem um modelo contingencial e, portanto, cultural de adaptação à realidade em que se instalam, compreendendo uma gestão voltada a adequações e readequações diante de um contexto em constante desenvolvimento. Quanto à autonomia revela-se a existência de trâmites não negociáveis relacionados às bases legais que os regulamentam, contudo, estabelecidos estes parâmetros, a autonomia se determina pela tomada de decisão deste gestor diante da realidade em que se instala.
A educação para o desenvolvimento sustentável no contexto curricular da rede pública de ensino do governo do estado de São Paulo: uma breve reflexão pela perspectiva da década da educação para o desenvolvimento sustentável da UNESCO (2005-2014)
Authors: Bastos Alexandre Marucci , Lemes Sebastião de Souza
Published: April 2021

A instituição da Década das Nações Unidas da Educação para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (DNUEDS ou DEDS) foi aprovada em 20 de dezembro de 2002, na 57ª Sessão da Assembleia Geral da ONU, ocasião em que se decidiu proclamar o período de dez anos – a partir de 1º de Janeiro de 2005 até o final de 2014 – para que a educação fosse enfatizada como um elemento indispensável para alcançar o desenvolvimento sustentável. Nesse contexto, este estudo apresenta uma discussão sobre como tal proposição da ONU estaria sendo tratada pelas normas curriculares da rede pública de ensino gerenciada pelo Governo do Estado de São Paulo no último biênio da DEDS. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se uma análise das diretrizes curriculares delineadas pela respectiva Secretaria Estadual de Educação, verificando a que ponto as mesmas estariam alinhadas em relação aos propósitos da DEDS, sobretudo quanto à dinâmica curricular da rede pública escolar do governo paulista.
A new transformation formula involving derived WP-bailey pair and its applications
Authors: Zhang Zhizheng , Gu Jing , Song Hanfei
Published: April 2021

The main purpose of this paper is to obtain a new transformation formula
involving the derived WP-Bailey pair. As applications, by using two 10?9
summation formulas, some transformation formulas in terms of generalized
Lambert series are obtained.
Controlled b-Branciari metric type spaces and related fixed point theorems with applications
Authors: Zubair Sumaiya , Gopalan Kalpana , Abdeljawad Thabet
Published: April 2021

In this manuscript, we present and develop different F-contraction methods
using new kinds of contractions, namely F1-contraction and extended
F1-contraction in the context of controlled b-Branciari metric type space.
We then suggest an easy and effective solution for Fredholm integral
equations using the fixed point method in the framework of controlled
b-Branciari metric type space. We also provide an illustrative example for
the existence of solution to second order boundary value problem to
demonstrate the efficiency of the work that has been developed.
Convergence estimates of a family of approximation operators of exponential type
Authors: Gupta Vijay , López-Pellicer Manuel , Srivastava H.M.
Published: April 2021

The main object of this article is to consider a family of approximation
operators of exponential type, which has presumably not been studied earlier
due mainly to their seemingly complicated behavior. We estimate and
establish a quantitative asymptotic formula in terms of the modulus of
continuity with exponential growth, a Korovkin-type result for exponential
functions and also a Voronovskaja-type asymptotic formula in the
simultaneous approximation.
Codazzi and statistical connections on almost product manifolds
Authors: Peyghan E. , Arcuş C.
Published: April 2021

Considering an almost product manifold, we get the necessary and sufficient
conditions for Codazzi connections on it. Also, we show that a Codazzi
adapted connection on an almost product manifold, gives two type of Codazzi
connections on it?s distributions, and moreover we study the conditions of
holding the converse of this. Finally, we study the Codazzi (and
statistical) structures for Schouten-Van Kampen and Vr?nceanu connections
as two important special cases of adapted connections, and then we present
some important examples of them.
Generalist CEOs and Audit Pricing
Authors: Ma Zhiming , Wang Rencheng , Zhou Kaitang
Published: April 2021

We analyze the consequences of a firm hiring a generalist CEO in terms of the audit fees paid by the firm. We find that audit fees of clients with generalist CEOs are higher than those of clients with specialist CEOs. This relation is robust to considering managerial ability, other CEO characteristics, various fixed effects, instrumental variables, and change analyses. We further show that fee differences are larger for firms with weaker monitoring and higher corporate litigation risks. Through path analysis, we find that both client business risk and misreporting risk contribute to the fee difference. Finally, we find that auditors are more likely to issue going-concern opinions to clients with generalist CEOs. Our study should be of interest to auditing standard setters who link management operating styles to audit risk. We shed light on how management operating styles associated with the CEOs' general or specialized skills affect audit pricing.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: M41; M42.
Is User-Generated Twittersphere Activity Associated with Stock Market Reactions to 8-K Filings?
Authors: Debreceny Roger S. , Rahman Asheq , Wang Tawei
Published: April 2021

Prior studies have demonstrated that company-generated tweets as a device for the dissemination of corporate announcements help reduce information asymmetry. This paper demonstrates that user-generated tweets around corporate announcements have information content in addition to the information content of the announcement itself. Using a sample of S&P 1500 firms, we test the effects of abnormal levels of user-generated tweets and abnormal sentiment in the tweets over the three days surrounding 8-K filings of unanticipated events on market returns and liquidity of stocks. Results show that abnormal levels of user-generated tweets are positively associated with both the absolute cumulative abnormal returns and cumulative abnormal trading volume. We also find an indication of a cautionary stance by the market when sentiment is negative around the announcements. Our results have economic significance from both the stock valuation and the stock liquidity perspectives.

JEL Classifications: M41.
An Investigation of the Effects of Allegation Sources and Consequences on Corporate Directors' Responses to Whistleblowing Allegations
Authors: Norman Carolyn Strand , Rose Anna M. , Rose Jacob M. , Suh Ikseon , Xiao Xinning
Published: April 2021

Based on the results of two experiments with corporate directors, we find that directors perceive an anonymous allegation made by an employee on social media to be as credible and relevant as an anonymous allegation made through an internal whistleblowing channel. However, when additional allegations support an initial allegation, directors perceive greater increases in the credibility of the allegations and increase resources they devote to investigating allegations more when the allegations are made internally versus via social media. Results also indicate that directors perceive that allegations that can trigger restatements are less credible than allegations that could trigger adjustments. However, these threats to director objectivity do not carry over to their decisions to investigate allegations. Directors allocate more resources to the investigation of allegations that trigger restatements, relative to allegations that could trigger adjustments. We find that directors pursue rigorous investigations of allegations, even when investigations create significant personal threats.
DOT1L Regulates Thermogenic Adipocyte Differentiation and Function via Modulating H3K79 Methylation
Authors: Shuai Lin , Li Bo-Han , Jiang Hao-Wen , Yang Lin , Li Jia , Li Jing-Ya
Published: April 2021

Brown and beige adipocytes are characterized as thermogenic adipocytes and have great potential for treating obesity and associated metabolic diseases. In this article, we identify a conserved mammalian lysine 79 of histone H3 (H3K79) methyltransferase, disruptor of telomeric silencing-1 like (DOT1L), as a new epigenetic regulator that controls thermogenic adipocyte differentiation and function. We show that deletion of DOT1L in thermogenic adipocytes potently protects mice from diet-induced obesity, improves glucose homeostasis, alleviates hepatic steatosis, and facilitates adaptive thermogenesis in vivo. Loss of DOT1L in primary preadipocytes significantly promotes brown and beige adipogenesis and thermogenesis in vitro. Mechanistically, DOT1L epigenetically regulates the brown adipose tissue–selective gene program by modulating H3K79 methylation, in particular H3K79me2 modification. Thus, our study demonstrates that DOT1L exerts an important role in energy homeostasis by regulating thermogenic adipocyte differentiation and function.
DOT1L Regulates Thermogenic Adipocyte Differentiation and Function via Modulating H3K79 Methylation
Authors: Shuai Lin , Li Bo-Han , Jiang Hao-Wen , Yang Lin , Li Jia , Li Jing-Ya
Published: April 2021

Brown
and beige adipocytes are characterized as thermogenic adipocytes and have great
potential for treating obesity and associated metabolic diseases. Here, we identify
a conserved mammalian lysine 79 of histone H3 (H3K79) methyltransferase,
disruptor of telomeric silencing -1 like (DOT1L), as a new epigenetic regulator
that controls thermogenic adipocyte differentiation and function. We show that deletion
of DOT1L in thermogenic adipocytes potently protects mice from diet-induced
obesity, improves glucose homeostasis, alleviates hepatic steatosis, and
facilitates adaptive thermogenesis in vivo. Loss of DOT1L in primary
preadipocytes significantly promotes brown and beige adipogenesis and
thermogenesis in vitro. Mechanistically, DOT1L epigenetically regulates the
BAT-selective gene program through modulating H3K79 methylation, in particular
H3K79me2 modification. Thus, our study demonstrates that DOT1L exerts an
important role in energy homeostasis by regulating thermogenic adipocyte differentiation
and function.
Vietnamese upper-high school teachers’ views, practices, difficulties, and expectations on teaching EFL writing
Authors: Hang Nguyen Thi Thuy
Published: April 2021

Teaching EFL writing at the secondary level of education is one of the challenging tasks for every teacher. However, few studies on how EFL writing is taught at up-secondary schools (U-SS) have been reported. This study attempts to explore how Vietnamese teachers at this educational level perceived the importance of EFL writing, how they taught this skill, and what difficulties and expectations/suggestions they had in making the teaching of this skill at their own schools more effectively. Employing the 5-point Likert-scale survey with 20 teachers from five U-SS, classroom observations, and semi-structured interviews, the study found these teachers' understanding of the importance of teaching this skill, their confidence, and appropriate pedagogical use and content knowledge (PCK) in teaching it. However, their lack of time, the heavy contents in the textbooks, the multiple-choice test formats, large classes, students' dislike of this skill, and their insufficient knowledge of grammar and vocabulary challenged their teaching of this skill. With the suggestions/recommendations made by these teachers, this study is expected to provide some insights for relevant and timely support to teachers for the effectiveness of teaching this skill in the educational settings in Vietnam and in similar EFL contexts.
Investigating conference feedback in Cambodian EFL class: students’ writing accuracy improvement and their views of the feedback
Authors: Hum Chan
Published: April 2021

Research of conference feedback on EFL students' writing accuracy is a vital issue; however, it has never been conducted in Cambodia. This study was carried out to fill this void by investigating conference feedback to improve students' writing accuracy in four categories: semantic, grammatical, mechanic, and lexical features. It also explored the students' perceptions of the feedback in the context of EFL writing class. One class, with twelve students, from 18 to 25 years of age, with a ratio of 8:4 women: men, was purposively chosen for the study which was designed in two cycles, each with eight steps. Data were collected from the writing tests, writing assignments, students' self-evaluation survey, and focus-group discussions. Findings revealed that conference feedback had improved students' writing skills by allowing them to use correct grammar and expressions. The feedback has also developed students' engagement in the writing process. It also proposed a pedagogical implication that effective feedback through a conference approach depends to a great extent on the knowledge and experience of the teacher, classroom resources, and interactions between the teacher and the student.
Attitudes toward English phonetics learning: a survey on Indonesian EFL learners
Authors: Istiqomah Sri Ayu , Lintangsari Alies Poetri , Perdhani Widya Caterine
Published: April 2021

Indonesian EFL learners face challenges in comprehending English phonemes as it becomes one of the significant predictors of English literacy. Hence, the English Phonetics subject is considered one of the most difficult ones, making the teaching and learning process less effective. Addressing Indonesian EFL learners’ attitudes toward English phonetics teaching is significant to improve phonetics teaching, yet, research on this has not received much attention. This present study was conducted to explore EFL learners’ attitudes toward English phonetic learning. A quantitative approach with survey design was employed involving 112 Indonesian EFL students. The researchers identified students’ attitudes using an adapted questionnaire from Lintunen and Mäkilähde (2015). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 was utilized to analyze the data. The results indicate that Indonesian EFL students perform positive attitudes toward English phonetic learning, although they confess that phonetics is challenging. It implies that phonetics learning is potential and promising to support their English fluency; hence, lecturers need to make phonetics Learning more enjoyable, easier and participating in drawing the students' full engagement by considering their preferences and attitude toward phonetics learning.
Comparing spring triticale varieties to barley and wheat varieties when harvested as whole crop
Authors: Manni Katariina , Lötjönen Timo , Huuskonen Arto
Published: April 2021

Two plot experiments in two consecutive years were conducted to compare spring triticale varieties to spring barley and spring wheat varieties to produce whole crop cereals for ruminants. In the first year, triticale varieties Nagano and Nilex, barley varieties Kaarle and Trekker, and the wheat variety Helmi were studied. In the second year, the triticale varieties Bikini and Somtri and the barley variety Armas were also used. The crops were harvested at the early dough stage of ripening. A treatment with reduced fertilizer and seed rates was included to study their effects on the development of the undersown ley, but such effects could not be demonstrated. The triticale varieties except for Bikini produced high dry matter yields. The highest ear:stem ratio and pepsin-cellulase solubility in the ear were found in the barley varieties Armas and Kaarle, but the digestibility of the whole crop was not improved because of low pepsin-cellulase solubility of the stems or leaves. All the studied varieties were suitable for whole crop production. The production costs of the different types of whole crop silage were fairly similar.
Response of winter oilseed rape to differentiated foliar fertilisation
Authors: Żarczyński Piotr , Sienkiewicz Stanisław , Wierzbowska Jadwiga , Krzebietke Sławomir Józef
Published: April 2021

This article presents results of a three-year field experiment laid out on medium textured soil, in north-eastern Poland. Winter oilseed rape was sprayed with foliar fertilisers AgravitaActive 48 (AA48) - NPK 8:8.7:16.6 and AgravitaActive70 (AA70) - NPK 10:22.7:6.6 at different phases of the crop’s vegetative growth (BBCH 14, BBCH 35). The impact of the fertilisers on the yield of seeds, straw, total protein, crude fat, and on the content of macro- and micronutrients in aerial parts (BBCH 20 and 89) and roots (BBCH 20) of oilseed rape was evaluated. Foliar nutrition of oilseed rape plants with AA48 and AA70 significantly increased the seed yield of oilseed rape. The best yield-stimulating effect was achieved after the application of AA48 in autumn. Fertilisation of oilseed rape in that season of the year caused an increase in seed yield by 430 kg ha-1. Each fertiliser contributed to a rise in the yield of protein and yield of crude fat but had no effect on the content of magnesium, copper, and zinc in seeds.
Co-occurrence of latent Dickeya and Pectobacterium species in potato seed tuber samples from northern Finland
Authors: Degefu Yeshitila
Published: April 2021

Recent methodological developments have uncovered the etiological diversity of the potato blackleg and soft rot Pectobacteriaceae. At least five species in the genera Dickeya and Pectobacterium have been confirmed to cause blackleg on potatoes in Finland. The bacteria are seed borne and remain latent in the tuber until conditions favourable for growth, multiplication and infection prevail. Tubers could be infected by one or more of these species. This short communication is based on the results of molecular detection data collected for more than 14 years from potato seed lots produced in Finland. Diagnostic PCR assay specific to Dickeya solani, Pectobacterium atrosepticum, Pectobacterium carotovorum, P. brasiliense and P. parmentieri revealed that potatoes are infected by one or more of these species; it also revealed that single species infection is more common than multiple colonization. An event of simultaneous occurrences of different strains from the Pectobacterium species appears to be more frequent than that observed between Dickeya and Pectobacterium species. The absence of co-occurrence of Dickeya solani and Pectobacterium atrosepticum is intriguing.
Comprehensive model for predicting the fuel consumption in various harvesting methods of grass silage
Authors: Jokiniemi Tapani , Mikkola Hannu , Hakojärvi Mikko , Alakukku Laura
Published: April 2021

Fuel consumption of various forage harvesting methods was assessed with a theoretical calculation model, which was validated with field measurements. The examined harvesting methods were tractor-powered forage harvester (TPFH), self-propelled forage harvester (SPFH), self-loading forage wagon (SLFW), and combined baling and wrapping (CBW). The results from the field measurements indicated that the model was working either well or satisfactorily with the examined methods, apart from the CBW method, which would require redefining the model coefficients. Model sensitivity analysis indicated that variables such as yield level, working width, and transportation distance have a significant effect on fuel consumption. When the working width was increased from 3 m to 9 m, the fuel consumption of the examined methods decreased ca. 54–61%. Increasing the working width by windrowing was found recommended for all examined methods. In all, the most energy-efficient method was SLFW, but it was also most sensitive to transportation distance. With a transportation distance of 10 km, the fuel consumption of the SLFW method was already 9–11 % higher compared to that of TPFH and SPFH methods. The strong effect of these variables may cause a wide variation in the fuel consumption of the examined methods, but the model can be used to standardize this effect. The results from this study can thus be used for approximate estimations of average fuel consumption of the examined forage harvesting methods.
Aggravation of Aluminum Phosphide Induced Liver Damage and Hematotoxicity in Adult Wistar Rat: The Role of Allium Sativum
Authors: Eric E. U. , Boloya V. E. , Osuamkpe A. E.
Published: April 2021

Objectives: To investigate the ameliorative effect of garlic extract on Aluminum Phosphide induced toxicity on the liver and kidney of adult Wistar rats.

Materials: Thirty six (36) male adult Wistar rats weighing 180±20 – 250±30 g were purchased from Dantom Farms, Swali, Bayelsa State and moved to the animal house of the department of Medical Laboratory Science, Niger Delta University. The animals were assigned into six (6) major groups with six (6) animals in each group after the period of acclimatization: Animals in Group A (Control): received pelleted growers mash (feed) and water. Group B (Positive Control received 0.014 mg of Aluminum Phosphide only. Group C: received 0.014 mg of Aluminum Phosphide and 250 g of garlic extract. Group D: received 0.014 mg of Aluminum Phosphide and 500 mg of garlic extract. Group E: received 500 mg of garlic extract, Group F: received 0.6 ml of oil at the end of the treatment, the liver and the kidney of each sacrificed rat were processed for paraffin sectioning and stained with Harris hematoxylin and eosin.

Result: Photomicrograph of the liver of animals in Groups B, C and D show central venous congestion, degeneration, hemorrhage, sinusoidal dilation, bile stasis, centrilobular necrosis, Kupffer cell hyperplasia, inflammatory cells and fat infiltration which are features of hepatic injury also photomicrograph of the kidney of animals in Groups B, C and D shows membranous defect, contracted glomeruli with marked presence of mesangial cells, areas of tubular necrosis with mesangial cells proliferation. while the other groups (Group A, E, F) did not show any histological change in comparison with control.

Conclusion: The present study proves that the oral ingestion of Aluminum Phosphide induces hepatotoxicity and inflammation of the liver and kidney. It also shows that the use of garlic at various concentrations (250 mg/l and 500 mg/l) aggravates the tissue damage even more, and also garlic extract does not have ameliorative effect on aluminum phosphide toxicity on the liver and kidney of albino wistar rats.
Rancangan Soal Open-Ended untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Penalaran Peserta Didik dalam Pembelajaran Sosiologi di SMA N 1 Sungai Aur Kabupaten Pasaman Barat
Authors: Reski Panji , Sylvia Ike
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi banyaknya soal ujian semester sosiologi SMA N 1 Sungai Aur yang berada pada rentang C1 – C3 sehingga belum dapat mendorong munculnya kemampuan penalaran peserta didik, maka perlu adanya soal open-ended yang dapat digunakan pada pembelajaran sosiologi di kelas XI IPS. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan rancangan soal open ended yang yang valid. Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis adalah teori konstruktivisme, dengan asumsi kemampuan peserta didik memberikan alasan dan solusi dalam menjawab soal open ended akan membantu peserta didik mengkonstruksi konsep dari fenomena sosial yang dipelajarinya. Penelitian ini berjenis research dan development dengan model pengembangan yang dikemukakan oleh Tessmert (Formative Evaluation). Teknik pengumpulan data berupa tes dan angket. Uji validitas yang dilakukan adalah validitas konten dan konstruk. Peneliti memberikan soal yang telah dirancang kepada 3 orang ahli kemudian diujicobakan secara one to one dan small group pada 11 orang peserta didik di kelas XI IPS 2. Selanjutnya soal tersebut juga diuji analisis butirnya sehingga menghasilkan rancangan soal open ended untuk materi struktur sosial, diferensiasi sosial dan stratifikasi sosial dengan bentuk soal adalah 20 pilihan ganda dan 5 soal essay yang valid. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa soal open-ended ini sangat valid dengan nilai 85,71%. Sementara dari angket praktikalitas diperoleh 4,52 kategori sangat praktis. Artinya bahwa soal open-ended valid dan dapat digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan penalaran peserta didik pada skala yang lebih luas.
Effectiveness of post-stroke social rehabilitation in patients with moderate impairments
Authors: Khramov VV , Kogaeva KP , Arkhipova LU , Alekseeva VO , Lukyanova MI
Published: April 2021

The importance of post-stroke rehabilitation cannot be overestimated. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a standardized post-stroke rehabilitation program for patients with moderate impairments. A total of 122 stroke survivors participated in the study. Group 1 (the comparison group) consisted of 59 patients undergoing standard rehabilitation. Group 2 (the main group) consisted of 63 patients participating in a specially designed social rehabilitation program. The functional, cognitive, psychological and emotional states and the level of social activity were monitored for 6 months. Group 2 demonstrated more pronounced improvement than group 1 after 6 months of follow-up, confirmed by higher Rivermead (p = 0.011) and SS-QOL (p < 0.05) scores and lower DASH and Beck scores (p = 0.015 and p < 0.001, respectively). In both groups, MMSE (cognitive function) scores slightly increased, but the differences between the groups were insignificant. The proposed post-stroke rehabilitation program is effective in helping patients regain their independence and improve social adaptation. The scales and scores used in the study, especially DASH and SS-QOL, are sensitive to changes in the functional state of stroke survivors with moderate impairments.