bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Dopaminergic Polymorphisms in Psychomotor Retardation of Depression: A Pathway-based Imaging Genetics Association Study
Authors: Yin Y. , Yuan Y.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Several lines of evidence implicate dopamine is involved in the psychomotor retardation (PMR) in major depressive disorder (MDD). Besides, abnormal cerebral blood flow (CBF) of PMR was also found in the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical (CBTC) circuitry. We hypothesize that the polymorphisms of the dopaminergic pathway should be associated the abnormal CBF in the CBTC circuitry.

Objective

To investigate the association of the polymorphisms throughout the dopaminergic pathway with the cerebral blood flow (CBF) of PMR in MDD.

Methods

The blood sample of 63 patients (23 PMR, 40 NPMR) were collected for genotyping the dopaminergic polymorphisms (92 SNPs from10 genes). After quality controlling, 15 SNPs in 8 candidate genes were entered into the mass univariate modeling analysis. For the statistical analysis, patients with unqualified fMRI image and unmatched demographic data were ruled out. Consequently 56 patients (23 PMR, 33 NPMR) were taken into the statistical analysis.

Results

Genotype-by PMR associations with the CBF differences predominately distributed in bilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), temporal cortex, and striatum, the left thalamus, the right primary motor cortex, insular cortex, fusiform gyri, and lingual gyri. There were significant negative correlation between the CBF of the PFC and the PMR severity. However, the CBF of the striatum and the thalamus were positively correlated with the PMR severity.

Conclusions

The polymorphisms of dopaminergic pathway are associated with not only CSTC circuitry, but also some other brain regions involving in cognition and emotion controlling. While the increased CBF of PFC might suppress PMR, the increased CBF of striatum and thalamus adversely aggravate PMR.
“Tell Me More and Help Me to Decide, Doctor” – Information Seeking Attitudes and Use of Information Resources in Patients with Depression
Authors: Almeida H. , Almeida A.M. Pisco , Figueiredo-Braga M.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Shared decision-making (SDM) has shown to improve adherence, decrease hospitalization, and enhance knowledge of the illness and satisfaction with mental health services. Eliciting each patient's preferences for information allows tailoring the physician behavior according perspectives and expectations. Patients with depression (PWD) have frequently limited information regarding the availability and efficacy of psychiatric treatments.

Aims/objectives

Unveil information seeking attitudes of patients with depression and their a priori use of digital sources of information.

Methods

A convenience sample of PWD was submitted to a battery of self-report questionnaires. Standardized instruments were used to measure information seeking attitudes and the accessibility and usage of digital information resources.

Results

Thirty-six patients were inquired, with a mean age of 39.8 (13.4) years. Information-seeking preferences were high, with an API-I score of 90.1 (13.8). Preferences for information-seeking behaviors were higher in severely depressed (P = 0.010) and less educated (P = 0.026) patients. Preferences were negatively correlated with length of psychiatric treatment (r = −0.514; P = 0.002). Sixty-one percent had a priori information regarding their psychiatric problem, and 68.8% considered it was influential in the decision-making behavior. Access and use of digital resources were correlated with education level (0.644; P = 0.000 and 0.554; P = 0.003), age (−0.357; P = 0.001 and −0.559; P = 0.007) and illness severity (−0.431; P = 0.04).

Conclusion

Patients with depression want to be informed about their mental condition and treatment options. Few resources are used and decision mostly relies on health professional's opinion and guidance. Accessible resources seem scarce and future research shall address the acceptance and impact of decisional-aid instruments on this population.
Psychiatric Disorders in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: A Preliminary Study of Prevalence and Associated Factors
Authors: Görmez A. , İsmet K.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Studies have shown that people with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) develop mental illness at rates similar to or higher than general population1.

Objectives

There is no previous study on mental health of adults with ID in Turkey.

Aim

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of mental disorders in adults with ID in Turkey.

Methods

151 participants with ID aged 18 and over were recruited from care homes, rehabilitation centers and from people attending to psychiatry outpatients for the first time. Every participant underwent face to face assessment by a psychiatrist supported by an informant and previous notes. A structured purpose designed socio-demographic form was used. Diagnoses were drawn according to DSM-5. Point prevalence of disorders was calculated and associated factors were investigated.

Results

63.5% of the participants met criteria for one psychiatric disorder, 21% had more than one disorder. The most common disorders were: challenging behavior (34%), autism spectrum disorders (%13.9), and anxiety disorders (13.9%) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (10.6%). Living in a care home and being young were associated with mental ill health (P < 0.05) [1].

Conclusion

This study demonstrates high psychiatric comorbidity in adults with ID. Young age and care homes were the associated factors in this sample. These results are important to raise awareness of professionals and service providers about mental health of adults with ID.

Disclosure of interest

This project was funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) with a project number of BİDEB 115C015. The funding body did not have any involvement with data collection, analysis or writing up.
An Online Survey of the Stigma Attached to Psychiatry and Psychiatrists in India
Authors: Jadhav P. , Dhandapani A. , Hatti S. , Armugam S. , Chaturvedi S.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Stigma in psychiatry is pervasive, it does not stop at illness and marks all those who are ill, their families across generations, institutions that provide treatment, psychotropics’, and mental health professionals. Stigma directed towards psychiatry as a branch & psychiatrists in particular has not been systematically studied in the Indian context.

Objectives

To study the Indian psychiatrists perspective of stigma directed towards psychiatry & psychiatrists.

Methods

An online survey containing “The World Psychiatric Association Stigma Questionnaire” was sent to the members of the Indian Psychiatric Society. Two hundred and three Indian psychiatrists filled out the questionnaire which assesses the stigmatization of psychiatry and psychiatrist as perceived by the psychiatrists themselves.

Results

One hundred and thirty-two psychiatrists completed the survey with a completion rate of 65%, 75% of the respondents were male and most of their clientele was from urban catchment area. Sixty percent of the psychiatrists were either working in a psychiatry hospital or a psychiatry unit in a general hospital setting. More than a third had high-perceived stigma but had a very low stereotype agreement. Discrimination experiences were noted by more than 75% of psychiatrists, however less than 8% had a negative stigma outcome.

Conclusions

Though most of the Indian psychiatrists perceive themselves as being stigmatized, the stereotype agreement was found to be low and the discrimination experiences did not have significant impact on job performance. Though this might reflect resilience, we must attempt to improve the image of psychiatry and strive towards achieving a larger public acceptance of mental health services in India.
Perceptions of Residents and Non-residents in Psychiatry on Training Needs and Care of Patients with Intellectual Disability and Mental Health Problems: A Study from Singapore
Authors: Sajith S. , Wong W. , Chiu J. , Chiam P.C.
Published: June 2017

Background and Objective

Psychiatric assessment and care of people with Intellectual Disability (ID) is complex due to their cognitive and communication impairments. Demand for further training in this area by trainees in psychiatry has been well documented. The main of aims of this study were to explore the attitudes and perceptions of psychiatry residents and non-residents (non-trainees) with regards to care of patients with ID as well as their knowledge and training in this area.

Method

The study was conducted as an anonymous survey at the Institute of Mental Health, Singapore. A survey questionnaire developed by the study team was sent to residents and non-residents in psychiatry.

Results

Forty-eight out of the 76 questionnaires were returned with a response rate of 63.16%. Twenty-eight participants described themselves as non-residents and the rest were residents. All participants responded that postgraduate training was required in the area of ID and mental health and majority reported that available training was inadequate. Ninety percent of respondents believed that people with ID were vulnerable to exploitation by other patients in the inpatient unit and 94% of respondents believed that people with ID should be managed by a specialist team.

Conclusion

Currently residents and non-residents in psychiatry see that training in ID and mental health as well as services for people with ID as inadequate. Efforts should be made to include specialist training in psychiatry of ID in the Singapore psychiatry curriculum to enhance the confidence and expertise of psychiatrists in this field.
Spatio-temporal Perception and Boundaries of Self: Evaluation of Peripersonal Space in Schizotypy Traits
Authors: Di Cosmo G. , Fiori F. , Ferri F. , Salone A. , Corbo M. , Costantini M. , Martinotti G. , di Giannantonio M. , Marzetti L.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

The peripersonal space is described as that area within the boundary between self and non-self. An accurate judgment of peripersonal space boundaries may depend on the capacity to create an organized and structured mental representation that integrates signals from different sensory modalities and brain regions. Empirical evidence suggests that these functions are altered in schizotypy, which is thought to reflect the subclinical expression of the symptoms of schizophrenia in the general population. A number of clinical studies reported that interpersonal interaction and social stimulation have an impact on the onset and progress of schizophrenia.

Objectives

We conducted a study on personal space in a sample of student screened for schizotypal traits using a paradigm that was not affected by emotional and social interference.

Aims

The aim was to evaluate the relationship between personal space and schizotypy traits.

Methods

Thirty-four subject recruited for the study completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). According to the SPQ results participants were splitted into two groups (High, Low). Each participant performed a PeriPersonal Space (PPS) task.

Results

Our results show a more extended boundary of the peripersonal space in people with high schizotypy compared to people with low schizotypy even without emotional and social interference.

Conclusions

People with high traits of schizotypy suffer from a difficulty in social integration because of being unable to adapt the social behavior. A better understanding of the mechanisms for abnormal interactive behavior could provide significant valid guidelines for innovating insertion programs that aims to improve social functioning.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Predictive factors of hospitalization related to the caregiver burden in older adults presenting to the emergency department
Authors: Mattei G. , Goldoni I. , Mariani F. , Casu G. , Boccaletti L. , Ferrari S. , Ligabue L. , Colantoni A.
Published: June 2017

Background

Long-term care for the elderly by their family members represents a serious burden in Italy. The physical and psychological health of informal caregivers is a growing public health issue. Old patients often seek urgent medical attention in the Emergency Department (ED) and hospitalisation is frequent event among the elderly.

Aim

Aim of the study was (1) to investigate the burden of care among the caregivers of old patients; (2) to examine the influence of the burden experienced by the caregivers on ED and hospital admissions of the elderly.

Methods

We conducted a descriptive study of patients aged 75 years or older and their caregiver admitted to the ED from 10/1/15 to 6/10/15 (77 patient-caregiver pairs). The caregivers were evaluated using the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI). A case manager collected the patient's data.

Results

CBI score is the highest among patients seeking ED evaluation due to caregiver's concern. The majority of the elderly admitted to the ED whose caregiver shows elevated emotional burden at the CBI do not present with serious or urgent medical condition and are not hospitalised. Emotional burden is the highest among the caregivers of demented subjects who share the same house.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that the burden experienced by caregiving family members plays a role in elderly people avoidable ED visits.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Risk Factors of Increased Mortality During Hospitalization in Acutely-ill Elderly Patients with Altered State of Consciousness
Authors: Sá Esteves P. , Loureiro D. , Albuquerque E. , Vieira F. , Lagarto L. , Neves S. , Cerejeira J.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

A significant proportion of acutely ill hospitalised elderly patients have impaired consciousness and this has been associated with increased mortality. It remains unclear which factors underlie this relation. Identification of mortality predictors in this population is important to improve care.

Objectives

Determine if advanced age, cognitive impairment, high burden of comorbidities and poor functional status are predictors of increased mortality during hospitalisation in acutely-ill medical hospitalised elderly patients with altered state of consciousness.

Methods

All male patients (> 65 years) admitted to a medical ward (> 48 h) between 01/03/2015 to 31/08/2015 with delirium or RASS lower than–2 were included in the study. Patients were excluded if unable to be assessed due to sensorial deficits, communication problems or medical condition precluding the evaluation. Baseline evaluation included socio-demographic variables, RASS, CAM, IQCODE-SF, DSM-IV-TR criteria for dementia, Charlson Comorbidity Index and Barthel Index. The variables were entered in a logistic regression model (significance level < 0.05).

Results

The final sample consisted of 75 male subjects with altered state of consciousness, 14 of them died during hospitalisation. Dementia and Barthel Index were significantly associated with mortality during hospitalisation (P = 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). On the other hand, age and Charlson Co-morbidity Index were not associated significantly with mortality during hospitalisation (P = 0.22 and P = 0.1, respectively).

Conclusions

Acutely ill elderly patients with altered state of consciousness at admission have higher risk of death during hospitalisation if they have prior dementia or poor functional status. Health care should be improved to provide better response to this type of patients.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Efficacy of rivastigmine on loss of appetite in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Tsuno N. , Mori T. , Nakamura Y.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

It has been said that nearly 30% of the patients with Alzheimer’ disease (AD) manifest loss of appetite, which might increase cognitive impairments and the incidence of neuropsychiatric symptoms, and malnutrition. As a result, a vicious cycle decreases functionality and quality of life in patients with AD. Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) is the first-line drugs in the treatment of AD. On the one hand, appetite or weight loss can be seen due to gastrointestinal side effects in the treatment of ChEIs. On the other hand, there are some reports in clinical-settings that patients with AD treated with rivastigmine transdermal patch showed the improvement of appetite loss.

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy of rivastigmine transdermal patch in AD patients with poor appetite.

Methods

In this 16-weeks, multicenter prospective study, patients with mild to moderate AD, who manifest loss of appetite and began to receive rivastigmine transdermal patch therapy, were enrolled. The amount of food, total time-eating, body weight, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) were evaluated.

Results

The amount of food eaten by treated patients significantly increased 10.5% at 8 weeks after the initiation of rivastigmine transdermal patch therapy.

Comments

This preliminary results might show favourable effects of rivastigmine transdermal patch therapy on AD patients with loss of appetite.

Disclosure of interest

Study supported by Ono pharmaceutical co.
Icehearts: Sport-based early support program for children at risk
Authors: Appelqvist-Schmidlechner K. , Wessman J. , Kekkonen M.
Published: June 2017

Icehearts program aims to prevent social exclusion, to promote socio-emotional skills and mental well-being and to provide a secure, long-term adult commitment throughout the child's life using team sport as a tool. The program is facilitated by an Icehearts-mentor providing sports activities as well as support at school and home for a period of 12 years starting at age of 7. Currently, the program is reaching about 500 children in 29 Icehearts teams in Finland. The longitudinal study aims at investigating: (1) the psychosocial well-being and (2) the life course of participating children as well as perceived impact, benefits and challenges of the program. The baseline data was gathered in 2015–2016 by questionnaires and interviews among 7 years old program participants (n = 46) and controls at same age not participating in the program (n = 180), their parents, and teachers. The measures included i.e the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). According to the SDQ-scores assessed by the teachers, two of third among program participants had behavioural difficulties. One-fourth had used mental health services. The parents of program participants reported need for more support for their parenting. The results showed that the Icehearts program is reaching out a target group in need for help and support. Further, the study provides valuable information about the role of a NGO organisation offering long-term and intensive support with the help of sport-based intervention program targeted at vulnerable children. In the presentation, the program, study design and the baseline results are presented in more detail.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A longitudinal evaluation of cognitive deficits in patients with first episode of psychosis
Authors: Dardagani A. , Athanasis P. , Lagoudis A. , Ramnalis A. , Ntouros E. , Bozikas V.
Published: June 2017

It has been well documented in many studies till now that patients in their first episode of psychosis demonstrate cognitive deficits. However, it is yet to be made clear how these deficits progress. Deterioration, stability or even amelioration in some domains has been noted from researchers. The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal course of cognitive deficits over time. We administered a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological test to a group of first psychotic episode patients at the acute phase, 6 months and 1 year later. The sample comprised of 25 patients (13 male) in the first episode of psychosis. Specific tests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) were used. The cognitive domains of attention, memory, working memory, visuospatial ability and planning, mental flexibility/shifting were examined. Repeated measures ANOVA was used in order to detect changes in the patients’ performance over time. According to our data, there was an improvement from baseline to 6 months in attention, planning and visual working memory. There was no change in performance in these cognitive domains from 6 months to 1 year from baseline. Memory, mental flexibility/shifting and visuospatial memory remained stable over time. Our data suggest variability concerning neuropsychological performance in specific tests examining different domains. Evaluation of cognitive function in the first episode of psychosis needs more thorough and comprehensive research, in relation to its course over time.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Effects of chronic antipsychotic treatment on neurophysiological correlates of the auditory oddball task in schizophrenia: A preliminary report from a multicentre study
Authors: Di Lorenzo G. , Mucci A. , Vignapiano A. , Giordano G. , Ferrentino F. , Niolu C. , Altamura M. , Marasco D. , Galderisi S.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

The effects of chronic antipsychotic administration on the human brain are debated. In particular, first-generation (FGAs) and second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) seem to have different impacts on brain function and structure in subjects with schizophrenia. Few studies have investigated the effect of chronic administration of FGAs and SGAs on indices of brain function, such as event-related potentials (ERP) or neuropsychological performance.

Objectives

Within the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses study, subjects stabilized on FGAs or SGAs were compared on P300, an ERP component, thought to reflect attention, working memory and context integration and on neurocognitive indices.

Methods

ERPs were recorded in 110 chronic, stabilized patients with Schizophrenia (28 used FGAs) during a standard auditory oddball task. P300 latency and amplitude were assessed at Pz channel. MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was used for cognitive assessment.

Results

Compared with the SGAs group, patients on FGAs showed significant increased P300 latency (P = 0.003; Cohen's d = 0.67) and significant decreased P300 amplitudes (P = 0.023; Cohen's d = 0.38). The two groups did not differ on psychopathology and MCCB scores. Multiple linear regressions revealed that “FGAs vs. SGAs” (β = 0.298, P = 0.002) and MCCB neurocognitive composite T-score (β = –0.273, P = 0.004) were independent predictors of P300 latency, whereas only age (β = –0.220, P = 0.027) was an independent predictor of P300 amplitude.

Conclusions

FGAs seem to affect the functional brain activity more than SGAs, particularly slowing cortical processing. Our results suggest that discrepant findings concerning P300 latency in schizophrenia might be related to the type of antipsychotic treatment used. Longitudinal studies are needed to further address this issue.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Diagnostic stability in the first episode of psychosis
Authors: Duarte M. , Batista A. , Maia J.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Early intervention programs in psychosis have demonstrated efficiency in reduction the duration of untreated psychosis, relapse prevention, socio-professional integration and prognosis improvement. In daily practice, it is evident the clinical heterogeneity of the first episodes of psychosis (FEP), as well as the difficulty in initially assigning a specific diagnosis, being difficult to do the differential diagnosis and verifying, during follow-up, very different clinical outcomes among patients.

Objectives/aims

Two years after the start of specific consultation for FEP, the authors intended to characterize the followed patients and their evolution, comparing socio-demographic and clinical parameters, with emphasis on diagnosis at the first visit and after two years assessing their variability/stability.

Methods

Data research from a 48 patients sample followed up on the FEP consultation.

Results

The diagnostics on the first consultation were 79% psychosis with no other specification (NOS), followed by cannabinoids addiction in 35%. After two years, in 29% of cases, there was a diagnostic change being actually 46% Psychosis NOS, 21% cannabinoids addiction and 17% schizophrenia. Initially, only 39% did not have previous history of toxic substances use, being 75% the current percentage. Six percent abandoned the consultation.

Conclusions

The authors conclude that, in this specific psychiatry consultation, it is important to initially keep an unspecified diagnostic, with further progressive evaluation allowing a more accurate diagnostic, since the initial diagnostic specification is often found to be incorrect, with adverse consequences for the patient. It would be useful to compare the results with a sample of patients under “as usual” treatment.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Antidepressants and Driving Ability
Authors: Ramaekers J.
Published: June 2017

Depression is a mental disorder that is likely to affect daily functions, including driving ability. However, driving performance of depressed patients remains poorly investigated. We will present 2 studies designed to assess driving performance of patients receiving long-term antidepressant treatment. The first study compared driving performance of untreated depressed patients, depressed patients receiving SSRI or SNRI treatment for 6–52 weeks and matched healthy controls. The second study compared driving performance of long-term users of sedative antidepressants to that of matched healthy controls. A standardized on-the-road driving test was used to assess standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP), a measure of weaving. In the first study, mean SDLP of untreated and treated patients were significantly higher as compared to SDLP of matched controls. Driving impairment in the treated group was significantly less as compared to the untreated group. SDLP was positively correlated to severity of depression across both groups of patients. In the second study, SDLP of patients receiving sedative antidepressants (e.g. mirtazapine) during 0,5–3 yrs was significantly higher as compared to matched controls. Driving performance of patients receiving sedative antidepressants for more than 3 yrs did not differ from matched controls. Severity of depression in these patients groups was low. It is concluded that symptoms of depression are a major cause of driving impairment. Reductions in severity of depression through antidepressant treatment reduce severity of driving impairment. Sedative antidepressants such as mirtazapine however can still induce driving impairment in patients with remission for up to 3 yrs of use.

Disclosure of interest

The work presented was funded by the Dutch ministry of Infrastructure and transport and the European Committee.
The Prevalence and Correlates of Depression Awareness in Patients with Alcohol use Disorder
Authors: Charnsil C. , Aroonrattanapong R.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Alcoholic use disorder is a big problem in every country. It is the leading factor causing high disability-adjusted life year (DALYs). The National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiology Cathchment Area found that 37% of people with alcoholic use disorder had comorbid along with psychiatric disorder especially depression. In order to successfully treat patients with alcoholic use disorder, we have to treat their comorbidity along as well.

Aim

To examine the prevalence and correlation of depression awareness in patients with alcoholic use disorder.

Methods

Inpatients and outpatients who were diagnosed with alcoholic use disorder and alcohol dependence were invited to participate in this research. Subjects who had any history of depressive disorder treatment before were excluded. The awareness of depression was determined by the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised, IPQ-R. Depressive disorder was determined by the Thai version of the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).

Results

Ninety subjects with alcoholic use disorder agreed to join this research. Twenty-nine of the 90 (32.2%) had depression due to the PHQ-9 scale. Twenty-three were aware that they had depression and that was related to alcohol use. Using the logistic regression analysis, there were no significant factors related to this awareness.

Conclusion

There is high prevalence of depression in patients with alcoholic use disorder and most of them have awareness did not receive treatment for depression.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Recovery Orientation as a Key Element in Addiction Treatment: Preliminary Results of a Patient's Survey
Authors: Eikmeier G. , von Heugel R. , Lacroix A. , Molkentin I. , Rosenbrock T. , Böttcher R. , Paul A. , Nachtigall J.
Published: June 2017

“Recovery” in addiction treatment goes far beyond abstinence, but means a self-determined and meaningful life. Although this approach has been implemented in a number of programs, only little research has been carried out on this issue. Within the context of focusing our treatment program for addictive disorders more strongly according to recovery principles, we studied the baseline situation with the Bremerhavener Questionnaire of Treatment Satisfaction (BFPZ). Sixteen items cover different aspects of our traditional qualified inpatient detoxification program as well as recovery principles. Each item can be rated from 0 (strongly disagree) to 3 (strongly agree). Between December 1st 2015 and March 31st 2016, all in house patients with a substance abuse treated for more than 24 hours in the psychiatric department of Klinikum Bremerhaven Reinkenheide were asked to fill in the questionnaire (n = 201). Response rate was 35% (n = 70). Overall treatment satisfaction was high (mean: 2,57 ± 0.65). On the single item level, aspects of empathy and openness were rated best (mean > 2.3), while special aspects of personal recovery (choice, hope, life goals, diversity of treatment options) were rated worst (mean < 2.3). Eighty-nine percent of the patients wanted to stop their alcohol consumption completely, 2% wanted to break their consumption temporarily and 9% wanted to consume less. Thirty-four percent were interested in additional therapy offers for controlled substance use. The results will be presented in detail and discussed with regard to the implications for recovery-oriented addiction treatment.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Cannabis-induced Psychotic Disorders and THC use Among Patients with Psychotic Symptoms
Authors: Fernandez-Quintana A. , Quiroga-Fernandez C. , Novo-Ponte A. , Garcia-Mahia M.D.C.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Causality between THC and psychotic symptoms has been outlined in several studies and a potential role for THC in the development of Schizophrenia remains to be assessed.

Methods

Retrospective study undertaken in a sample of 124 patients assessed in an Emergency Department (ED) due to psychotic symptoms. Medical records were reviewed to obtain clinical and sociodemographic variables.

Objectives

(1) To analyse the prevalence of THC consumption among psychotic patients in ED; (2) to establish the prevalence of cannabis-induced psychotic disorder; (3) to underpin the socio-demographic and clinical variables associated with cannabis-induced psychosis.

Results

Personal history of cannabis use 31.5% (6.5% as a single drug.) Accumulated time interval of cannabis use prior to the first psychotic episode: 0 – 5 years 15% (3.9% developed psychosis during the first year of cannabis use), 5 – 10 years 9.2%, more than 10 years 20.8%. Cannabis-induced psychotic disorder (F12.5) was diagnosed in 3.3% of the sample. The prevalence of this diagnosis was the same among male and female patients. The highest prevalence of cannabis-induced psychosis was found among 36–50 years old patients (50%). All patients with a diagnosis of Cannabis-induced psychotic disorder had a personal history of THC use and urine tests had been positive for THC in 75% of the cases. Habitat: 75% urban, 25% rural. Marital status: 50% single, 50% married.

Conclusions

Cannabis use is highly prevalent among patients who present with psychotic symptoms in ED and THC is correlated with psychotic episodes. The prevalence of cannabis-induced psychosis has also increased. Further studies comprising larger samples are warranted.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Impact of Psychopedagogical Intervention on Quality of Life in Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Treated with Psychostimulant Medication
Authors: Lima C. , Rodrigues D. , Silva M. , Rego S.
Published: June 2017

Several studies have shown that ADHD has a significant negative impact on multiple domains of quality of life of children and adolescents, particularly in terms of behavioral, emotional and psychosocial quality of life. The psychopedagogical intervention can be therapeutic, preventive and promote educational inclusion. Moreover, it aims to address the learning process, how it is developed and how the individual relates himself to learning, both in the cognitive, social and emotional domains. Our purpose was to understand whether the psychopedagogical intervention influences the quality of life of adolescents with ADHD considering their pharmacological plans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a psychopedagogical intervention on quality of life of a sample of adolescents with ADHD taking into account their pharmacological plans (rubifen, ritalin, and concerta). We used quantitative and qualitative assessment measures: the KIDSCREEN-10, to measure the quality of life of these adolescents, and a semi-structured interview to assess the impact of a psychopedagogical intervention in the lives of these adolescents and their parents, respectively. The results showed that psychopedagogical intervention has a positive impact on the quality of life of adolescents with ADHD, as well as in the family dynamics. Due to the demands of school work (homework) and their negative impact on the family dynamics and consequently in the quality of life, the results corroborate the relevance of a psychopedagogical intervention to improve these areas. Thus, it appears that this type of intervention is very useful for adolescents with ADHD.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
High Bdi-21 Scores in Adolescents Without Depression are Associated with Negative Self-image, Immature and Neurotic Defense Styles and Adverse Life Events
Authors: Savilahti E.M. , Haravuori H. , Rytilä-Manninen M. , Lindberg N. , Marttunen M.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Structured self-reports, such as Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) are widely used in assessing adolescents’ psychological wellbeing.

Objectives

To investigate what factors are associated with discrepancies between BDI scores and diagnostic assessment in adolescent psychiatric patients and general population.

Aims

To recognize what factors may contribute to high BDI scores besides depressive symptoms.

Methods

The study population consisted of 206 adolescents (13–17 years old) who were hospitalised for the first time in adolescent psychiatry and 203 age and gender matched adolescents recruited from schools in the same region. Study subjects filled self-reports on depression symptoms (BDI-21), substance misuse (AUDIT), psychiatric symptoms (SCL-90), defense styles (DSQ-40) and self-image (OSIQ). Diagnostics was based on K-SADS-PL interview, and/or clinical interview and clinical records when available. Information on background and life events was gathered from study subjects.

Results

We compared subjects who scored in BDI-21 either 0–15 points or 16–63 points firstly among subjects who did not fill diagnostic criteria for current unipolar depression and secondly among those who did fulfill the diagnostic criteria. High BDI-21 scores in subjects without depression diagnosis were associated with female sex, older age, several adverse life events, higher psychiatric co-morbidity, worse self-image and more immature, neurotic and image-distorting defense styles (and less mature defense style). Low BDI-21 scores among subjects with depression diagnosis were associated with male sex, more positive self-image and less immature defense style.

Conclusions

High BDI-21 scores may reflect a broad range of challenges in an adolescent's psychological development even in the absence of depression.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Mothers Mental Health of Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Sepehrmanesh Z.
Published: June 2017

Background

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neuropsychiatric disorder in pediatric populations with an early onset. Mental health of mother can effect on child mental health and relation between mother and child is very important. The aim of this study was investigation about mental health of mothers with children suffering from attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Materials and methods

This cross sectional study was carried out on 100 mothers of children with ADHD diagnosis (Kashan, Iran). The data collection instruments included the Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire, and the questionnaire form includes the personal information and the variables associated to mental health.

Results

The total means score of GHQ in the mothers’ was 26/6 ± 11/78. Fifty-eight percent of the mothers have mental health problem. The highest mean score in the sub scales was related to the anxiety subscale (7.73) and the most common mental health problem in these mothers was anxiety problems (11%). Mental health problem is most common in mothers with low socio-economic status, younger age than 30 years old, education lower than diploma degree, householder mothers, single, having boy child with ADHD, having child more than 9 years old.

Conclusion

According to the results of this study, 58% of the mothers have mental health problem. So with screening and on time diagnosis and treatment, we can prevent disadvantage effects of these problems on social and mental health of their children.

Disclosure of interest

The author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Factors Associated with Depression Severity in Adolescence
Authors: Serra G. , Casini M.P. , Maggiore V. , Baldessarini R.J. , Vicari S.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Severe depression is greatly impairing during adolescence and involves a high risk for suicidal behaviors.

Objectives and aims

Identify clinical and demographic factors associated with severity of depression in adolescents diagnosed with a major mood disorder so as to improve clinical treatment and prevent suicidal behaviors.

Methods

We analyzed factors associated with depression severity in 145 severely ill adolescents diagnosed with a major affective disorder using the K-SADS (Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia) at the Mood Disorder Outpatient Program of Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (Rome). Depressive and manic symptoms were rated with the CDRS-R (Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised) and K-SADS-MRS (Mania Rating Scale), respectively. Bivariate comparisons were followed by multivariable linear regression modeling.

Results

Depression severity was greater among females than males (mean CDRS scores: 53.0 vs. 42.8; P < 0.0001) and with major depressive versus bipolar disorder diagnosis (50.4 vs. 45.4; P = 0.001). Manic symptoms, including irritability, mood lability, crowded thoughts, delusions, and insomnia, were more likely with more severe depression; their number and severity correlated with CDRS-R total score (respectively, β = 1.53 and 5.44;both P < 0.0001). Factors independently and significantly associated with CDRS-R depression score in multivariate modeling were:

– presence of suicidal ideation;

– absence of ADHD;

– female sex;

– greater number of manic symptoms.

Conclusions

Severe depression was associated with manic symptoms and with suicidal ideation among adolescents diagnosed with either bipolar or major depressive disorders. This relationship should be considered in treatment planning and suicide prevention, including consideration of mood-stabilizing and antimanic agents in the treatment of severe adolescent depression.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
ICD-11 Psychotic Disorders: Preliminary Results of the Case-controlled Studies and the Russian Opinion
Authors: Kulygina M. , Krasnov V. , Ponisovskiy P. , Keeley J. , Reed G.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

One of the WHO's innovations for improving the ICD-11 chapter Mental and Behavioral Disorders was the creation of the Global Clinical Practice Network (GCPN), an international network of more than 12,000 mental health and primary care professionals from 144 countries.

Aims and objectives

In order to evaluate perceived clinical utility of the ICD-11 guidelines, the case-controlled field studies that involved the application of the proposed diagnostic guidelines to standardized case material were implemented via the Internet in different languages.

Method

Two hundred and seventy-eight Russian mental health care professionals, the GCPN members, have participated in case controlled Internet study for the chapter “Schizophrenia and Other Primary Psychotic Disorders”. Russian participants were represented by psychiatrists mostly (89%) and much less by psychologists (8%) which corresponds with the general situation in the Russian mental health care system.

Results

Russian clinicians have used the proposed ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines successfully to assess delusional disorder as well as schizophrenia. But there were certain categories (schizoaffective disorder, subthreshold delusions) with which the participants seemed to struggle. The critical comments were focused on opposing so called syndrome-based assessment and nosological diagnostics. Most concerns were about elimination of Schizophrenia subtypes.

Conclusion

Russian mental health care professionals proved to be interested in ICD revision process and demonstrated their special diagnostics opinion based on rich clinical traditions and psychopathological approach. In order to use ICD-11 guidelines in clinical practice more efficiently supplementary appropriate training would be needed.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Female Genital Mutilation [FGM] and Emotional Support: A Research Study Exploring the Value and Sustainability of Offering Emotional Support to Women Exposed to FGM
Authors: McAndrew S. , Warne T. , Mulongo P.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Global estimates suggest over 130 million girls and women have undergone FGM. While practiced in Africa, Asia and the Middle East, due to immigration trends it is now prominent in Western society. While studies have focused on physical health consequences, post-2000 a small but growing number of studies have reported on the psychological impact of FGM. This paper reports on a project exploring the mental health consequences of FGM, the effectiveness of therapeutic support, and the sustainability of a new service through training peer mentors.

Objectives

To establish and evaluate 3 drop-in clinics, offering emotional support to women who have experienced FGM. Build capacity through training peer mentors to continue the work of supporting women.

Method

Community-based participatory research (CBPR) was used for this two-part project. In part 1, 30 women participated, data being collected via the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWS) and follow-up interviews. Part 2 involved the training of 12 peer mentors. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis and evaluation respectively.

Results

Improvement was found in the women's mental well-being, with themes (1) Speaking the unspoken (2) Emancipation of emotion (3) Harnessing hope, being identified. Of the 12 peer mentors successfully completing the course, 9 are now volunteering.

Conclusion

Mental health professionals are best placed to enable women to address FGM traumas and improve their mental well-being. Additionally, they can raise public and professional awareness and, through research, can help develop more appropriate and sensitive services for migrant women from practicing communities.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Describing and Comparing Quality in Psychiatric Care Across the Globe with the QPC-Instrument
Authors: Schröder A. , Lundqvist L.O.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

There is a lack of cross-cultural comparison of patients and staff perceptions of quality of care in the psychiatric care. One reason is the absence of standardized instruments.

Objectives

The international research programme “Quality in Psychiatric Care” aims at adapting the instrument QPC versions for patients and staff to different international settings.

Aims

The aims are to test the psychometric properties and equivalence of dimensionality of the different language versions of QPC and also to describe and compare the quality of inpatient, outpatient and forensic in-patient psychiatric care across different countries.

Methods

The QPC is a family of self-reported instruments from the patients’ perspective. In this programme, we used different languages versions in three areas for patient and staff; inpatient (QPC-IP/IPS), outpatient (QPC-OP/OPS) and forensic inpatient care (QPC-FIP/FIPS).

Results

The Danish versions for QPC-FIP and QPC-FIPS show that the confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the factor structure was equivalent to the original Swedish version. Patients rated the quality of care generally lower than staff and lowest in the participation dimension. The Indonesian version of QPC-IP is under analysis. The first result show that patients rated the quality of care lower than Swedish inpatients and lowest in the discharge dimension. Several studies in Indonesia are still ongoing as well as in Brazil and Spain.

Conclusions

There are few standardized instruments for measuring quality of care in the psychiatric care. Therefore, QPC is expected to makes an important contribution to the development in this field.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Risk of Depression and Anxiety in the Post-diagnostic Period of Multiple Sclerosis Measured by Screening Instruments and Structured Interviews
Authors: Hoang H. , Stenager E. , Stenager E.
Published: June 2017

Objective

To examine the risk of depression and anxiety in MS patients in the post-diagnostic period by using clinical screening instruments and a diagnostic structured clinical interview.

Method

A population of 134 MS patients was examined for the risk of depression and anxiety in the post-diagnostic period of MS using the clinical screening instruments Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Within six weeks of diagnosis, patients with cut-off > 12 for BDI and > 7 for HADS were offered a clinical structured interview using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry/SCAN Version 2.1.

Results

The prevalence of depressive symptoms and depression in the post-diagnostic period of MS was 49.2% when using the screening instruments, but only 15.2% when using the SCAN interview. For anxiety, the prevalence was 3.4% for both the screening instruments and the SCAN interview in the post-diagnostic period of MS.

Conclusion

MS patients have a risk of depression and anxiety in the post-diagnostic period of MS, but it is crucial to consider which tools to use in a clinical setting to investigate depression and anxiety in MS patients.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.