bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zakat Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Dalam Perspektif Surah At-Taubah Ayat 60
Authors: Nur Hasan  , Muhammad Bintang  , Ahmad saputra
Published: July 2024

This research is motivated by the most common problem in Indonesia, namely poverty, poverty occurs due to unequal income and lack of effectiveness in the field of management and fund management. The purpose of formal zakat management is to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of zakat administration and increase the benefits generated from zakat to improve community welfare and poverty prevention. Analysis of Qur'anic verses, search of related literature, and data collection from respondents representing various layers of Islamic society are qualitative research methods.  Zakat can be given to eight groups, according to surah At-Taubah verse 60. The groups entitled to receive zakat include amil (people who take care of zakat), muallaf (people who have just converted to Islam and need help to adjust to their new circumstances), slave (newly freed slaves), Gharim (people who owe money for lawful needs but are unable to pay it), and Fisabilillah (people who fight in the way of Allah). Ibnu sabil are those who run out of money to travel for purposes such as da'wah and others.
The Interaction of the Holy Qur'an with the World
Authors: Hafiz Salmanul Farizy
Published: July 2024

The Holy Qur'an has played a significant role in shaping human society. In a time when ignorance and superstitions prevailed, the Qur'an emerged as a beacon of knowledge, culture, and dignity. Through the teachings of the Messenger of Allah, spirituality, education, and literacy reached new heights. The depth and sophistication of the Qur'anic teachings have the ability to impress any intellect. Revealed in a society plagued by injustice, the Qur'an, as the word of the Lord of the Universe, transformed a society living in ignorance into a model for the world,. The Prophet used the Qur'an to guide people towards virtue. Historical accounts demonstrate that the Qur'an emphasizes the importance of considering the thoughts and feelings of others when engaging in preaching and outreach activities. For instance, the speech delivered by the Muslim leader Ja'far bin Abitwalib in the presence of Quraysh leaders to secure the release of Muslims who had migrated to Ethiopia accurately reflects the moral and human transformations brought about by the Prophet (PBUH) in Arabia. According to the perspective presented in the Qur'an, the fundamental worldview of humanity was cantered on 'Tawhid'. All genuine religious doctrines share commonalities. Minor variations may exist in the specifics of traditions and practices. Religions were established by imparting the essence of God, such as duality, trinity, and plurality. One of the objectives of the Qur'an is to structure human existence on a foundation of ethics, fostering harmony between human life and other forms of life.
Impact of climate change on environmental health: Challenges and opportunities to improve quality of life
Authors: Zulfa Vania , Septiana Anisya
Published: July 2024

Global climate change has become an urgent and complex issue in this modern era. In addition to its broad impact on the environment, climate change also has significant implications for human health. This article describes the relationship between climate change and environmental health, and identifies challenges and opportunities in addressing its impacts. Research shows that climate change is contributing to increasing global temperatures, extreme weather patterns, and overall environmental change. These impacts can affect air, water and soil quality, and increase the risk of communicable diseases, allergies, respiratory diseases and other chronic diseases. In addition, climate change can also affect food availability, food security, and the distribution of disease vectors such as mosquitoes that carry viruses. This presents new challenges in maintaining public health and dealing with threats related to climate change. However, amidst these challenges, there are also opportunities to improve quality of life and reduce the negative impacts of climate change on environmental health. Implementation of mitigation and adaptation policies that focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, developing renewable energy, preventing air pollution, sustainable water management, and disease monitoring and control, are some of the steps that can be taken to protect public health. In addition, public education and awareness about the relationship between climate change and environmental health also needs to be increased. With a better understanding of these impacts, society can engage in collective action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, adopt sustainable practices, and protect environmental health.
Managing medical waste in the context of environmental security during COVID-19 in Indonesia
Authors: Agustin Nabila Dwi , Fadilah Deandra Nurul
Published: July 2024

One form of non-military threat that is currently occurring is a disease outbreak, namely the COVID-19 pandemic. Apart from having an impact on the health sector, the COVID-19 pandemic also has an impact on the environmental sector. Some of the negative impacts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic include an increase in medical waste. The aim of this research is to examine and describe Managing Medical Waste in the Context of Environmental Security during COVID-19 in Indonesia. This research used a descriptive method and a qualitative approach. The data sources are secondary data (journals, archives, books, documents). The data collection technique is a literature study, with the data analysis used being bibliographic analysis. The results are there is a 30% - 50% increase in medical waste during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Therefore, Understanding related regulations on environmental pollution due to the accumulation of medical waste is still limited. Regulations related to environmental pollution have not been able to reach the wider public. So, The usage of a comprehensive and medical waste management strategy has to be accelerated. Cautious planning and strict usage of standards, methods, and rules on how to dispose of medical waste need to be implemented. In making decisions on that, governments and stakeholders ought to consider both environmental security as much as the human security perspectives of the population.
Analisis pengelolaan limbah oli bekas pada pelaku usaha bengkel mobil di kelurahan Cipamokolan kota Bandung
Authors: Indrawati Lina , Surtikanti Hertien Koosbandiah
Published: July 2024

This study aims to analyze the management of hazardous and toxic waste (B3), specifically used oil waste, generated by small automobile workshops in Cipamokolan Village. The disposal of used oil into the environment can have negative impacts, such as soil infertility, plant death, and health issues for the surrounding community. This research employs a qualitative method with data collection through observation, interviews, and questionnaire distribution. The data analysis technique utilizes a triangulation approach, which includes data collection, data analysis, verification, and conclusion drawing. Data verification is conducted through confirmation from research subjects, data analysis, and validation by expert faculty members. The research is carried out by observing two randomly selected small automobile workshops in Cipamokolan Village. The findings indicate that a portion of the used oil waste is handed over to oil collection services, while the remaining portion is used as a lubricant for compressor machines. Therefore, there is a need for educational efforts to enhance the understanding of automobile workshop operators regarding the management of used oil waste. It is expected that these efforts will improve the awareness of automobile workshop operators in relation to the handling of used oil waste, thereby reducing the negative impact of environmental pollution.
Peningkatan biodiversitas tanaman melalui optimalisasi ruang terbuka hijau di kampus Sekolah Ilmu Lingkungan Universitas Indonesia
Authors: Mahanani Yekti Mei , Linasari Putri Bangun  , Francis Raphael Sendalo  , Abdi Nusa Persada  , Nahriyah Muflihatun , Haura Zidna Fikri  , Rudi Hartono Pakpahan  , Farid Rifaie  , Arius Krypton Onarelly
Published: July 2024

Introduction: In order to minimize the impact of global warming, efforts need to be made to reduce the concentration of CO2 gas in the air. Among them are planting and reforestation. We will analyze efforts to increase biodiversity through the optimization of Green Open Space on the campus of the University of Indonesia School of Environmental Sciences in Salemba, Jakarta. Methods: This research uses a qualitative approach in the context of green open space. The analysis method focuses on in-depth understanding, interpretation, and description of the qualities, characteristics, and experiences associated with green open space. Finding: the addition of Green Open Space in the SIL UI Campus area can be done with alternatives that are suitable for building conditions in densely populated areas in urban areas, namely with vertical gardens and rooftop gardens. This is done because the land area is limited so that Green Open Space is optimized vertically (towards the top) of the SIL UI building. Conclusion: the Green Open Space optimization program at SIL UI Salemba Campus can increase plant diversity by ten plant species. In addition, the resulting economic impact is also significant.
Kesehatan kerja dan penyakit akibat kerja: studi kasus penyakit otot rangka dan sendi di tempat kerja
Authors: Rudesti Rudesti , Risnawanti Resti Ayu , Novelita Fani , Putri Celsa Indri
Published: July 2024

Background: Low back pain (LBP) or lower back pain is a musculoskeletal disease that often occurs in workers who carry out sitting activities for long periods of time, such as office workers. Methods: This paper uses a literature study method, which is sourced from literature such as scientific articles, books, journals and online media. Findings: The main cause of LBP is inappropriate ergonomic factors such as working position and equipment used. LBP can cause a decrease in productivity and reduce the quality of life of workers. The aim of this study is to analyze risk factors, pathophysiology, and efforts to prevent LBP in workers based on a literature review. Conclusion: The study results show that risk factors for LBP include individual factors (age, gender), work factors (work position, work load), and environmental factors (work room temperature). Pathophysiologically, LBP occurs due to disturbances in the anatomical structure of the spine which are triggered by static working positions for long periods of time. Recommendations for preventing LBP in workers include increasing education about LBP and ergonomic working positions, regular health checks, and physical activity or stretching. It is hoped that this study can become a reference in efforts to prevent LBP in workers.
Manajemen risiko pada industri batu bara
Authors: Zahirah Adelia , Mahira Adzra Arifah , Anastasya Margaritha Putri
Published: July 2024

Background: The coal industry has a high potential risk of work accidents and occupational diseases, therefore implementing risk management is important to maintain work safety and health. This paper aims to analyze the application of risk management based on ISO 31000 in the coal industry. Methods: This paper uses a literature study method, which is sourced from literature such as scientific articles, books, journals and online media. Findings: Risk management methods begin with establishing the internal and external context of the coal industry. Next, hazards and risks are identified at all stages of the coal production process, from land clearing, soil transportation, rock excavation, to coal transportation and storage. Conclusion: The identification results are analyzed using a likelihood and consequence matrix to determine the level of risk. Unacceptable risks are further evaluated and appropriate controls recommended. Control is carried out by technical engineering, administration and the use of personal protective equipment. The entire risk management process needs to be monitored and reviewed regularly. Implementing a risk management system in the coal industry can reduce work accident rates and improve production quality.
Manajemen bencana industri pada kasus ledakan pabrik petasan Kosambi, Tangerang tahun 2017
Authors: Qadriina Hafizha Ilma
Published: July 2024

Background: This paper discusses the industrial disaster case of the firecracker factory explosion in Kosambi, Tangerang in 2017. The explosion was caused by welding sparks that caught 4 tons of firecracker raw materials. As a result, it caused a large fire and 47 deaths. Methods: This paper uses a literature study method, which is sourced from literature such as scientific articles, books, journals and online media. Findings: The factory violated various regulations such as employing minors and only registered 17 out of 103 employees with BPJS Employment. The main cause of the high impact is the lack of hazard mitigation efforts in factories. The absence of evacuation routes and workers being trapped in fires caused high casualties. Conclusion: The results of the analysis show the importance of implementing SOP and K3 in chemical factories, appropriate operational permits, and government supervision to prevent similar accidents. The recommendations given include fulfilling labor regulations, providing evacuation routes and exits, implementing SOPs and K3, training workers to deal with emergencies, and providing adequate security and safety facilities.
Air pollution threatens health and climate change in Jakarta
Authors: Aulia Salza Afifa
Published: July 2024

Background: Currently air pollution is one of the main problems in Jakarta. Due to the lifestyle of the people of Jakarta who are more consumptive of vehicles and also the number of skyscrapers so that this has an impact on increasing air pollution which results in climate change and also become one of the causes of decreased child health. The purpose of this research is to determine the air pollution in Jakarta through the NAFAS application, whether or not it is in accordance with global air quality standards. Methods: The data of this study are Air Pollution Particles of PM 2.5. while samples are taken periodically for up to a month. Findings: One of the particles in air pollution that is being discussed is PM 2.5. PM 2.5 comes from both natural and human sources. Particulate matter (PM) is a type of particle that consists of solid or liquid droplets found in the air. Conclusion: These particles are also sometimes referred to as aerosols. These particles come from both natural and human sources, such as fields, fires,dirt roads, and construction sites. Many particles are formed in the air as a result of complex reactions caused by chemicals in the atmosphere from sources such as power plants, factories, and vehicles.
Keberlanjutan pengelolaan limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun melalui co-processing di industri semen
Authors: Fakri Harry Ahmad , Moersidik Setyo , Agustina Haruki
Published: July 2024

Background: One of environmental problem in industrial activities is hazardous waste management. Co-processing in cement industry is ex-pected to be a solution of hazardous waste management. Methods: The research was conducted at cement factory which has been doing co-processing activities. Findings: Co-processing activities needs to be evaluated regarding the sustainability. To fulfill sustainable co-processing activities, hazardous waste management by cement industry requires analysis of economic benefits, social acceptability, and environmental requirements. Based on the research, it can be concluded that PT. ITP and PT. HI in co-processing activities can be said to meet the rules of sustainability. Conclusion: PT. ITP has conducted hazardous waste management for 41 hazardous waste gen-erators, 22 types of hazardous waste, and 7,861.23 tons of hazardous waste. PT. HI has conducted hazardous waste management for 71 hazardous waste generators, 53 types of hazardous waste, and 59,494.91 tons of hazardous waste. The average efficiency per year obtained from (1) the use of alternative raw materials of 1.5% for PT.ITP and 4.24% for PT. HI (2) alternative fuel usage of 3.41% and for PT.ITP and 8.23% for PT.HI. Hazardous waste management spend less cost if managed through co-processing. For the community, co-processing activities provide jobs opportunity. The stakeholders accept the existence of co-processing activi-ties at the cement plant as a hazardous waste management service with mean score of 76% and has a frequency of 39% for per-ception strongly agreed. Co-processing has fulfilled environmental requirements consisting of compliance with air quality stand-ards, dioxin, furans, suitability of hazardous waste type, and product SNI compliance.
Google map and canva for spatial understanding of grade 12 social studies students of SMAN 1 Warung Kiara, Sukabumi District
Authors: Enshanty Yulia
Published: July 2024

Background: Land use planning is a fundamental aspect of the Geography education for high school students, involving the organization of geographical space across economic, social, and cultural dimensions. A comprehensive grasp of this subject is imperative for students to comprehend the optimal utilization and management of geographical space. Methods: This study investigates the efficacy of Google Maps satellite mode and Canva as instructional tools for land use planning among senior high school students at SMAN 1 Warung Kiara, Sukabumi Regency. Google Maps satellite mode provides visual representations of planning areas, while Canva facilitates the creation of visually appealing and comprehensible land use planning designs. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed, involving questionnaires and interviews with a purposive sample of 32 students. Findings: The findings indicate that 75% of a students found learning with Google Maps satellite mode and Canva to be more engaging and comprehensible compared to traditional methods. Conclusion: Interviews further revealed an enhancement in students' understanding of land use planning concepts following exposure to these media. The utilization of Google Maps satellite mode and Canva emerges as an effective instructional strategy for enhancing students' comprehension of land use planning, underscoring the potential of technology and visual design in geography education.
Utilization webGIS to map the distribution of health facilities in Tanjung Senang subdistrict Bandar Lampung City
Authors: Ningtyas Ardilla Ayu , Miswar Dedy , Utami Rahma Kurnia Sri , Pargito Pargito , Yarmaidi Yarmaidi
Published: July 2024

Background: Obstacles and problems in a developing health a facilities in the city of Bandar Lampung still occur in the Tanjung Senang subdistrict. Currently, there is no mapping of the distribution of health facilities in the area that is made spatially, attractively, and can be easily accessed by the wider community. Methods: This research aims to solve this problem by mapping the distribution of health facilities based on WebGIS, where all information on each health facility will be displayed spatially using QGIS, QGIS2Web plugin, leaflet, and webhosting. This research method is quantitative descriptive. Findings: The resulting product is WebGIS for the distribution of health facilities in Tanjung Senang District. The WebGIS that has been created is then validated by GIS experts, grammar experts, pragmatic experts, and users. Conclusion: The result of this research is the creation of a WebGIS which contains information on the distribution of health facilities (geographical conditions, accessibility, infrastructure, health workers, non-health workers, health services, and other supporting facilities). The score from the usability test was 86.05%. So that the WebGIS that has been created is very feasible, effective, and provides sufficient satisfaction for its users.
Analisis kinerja sistem produksi pada industri produsen tahu bandung dengan pendekatan simulasi event diskrit: Studi kasus pada Tahu Bandung ALN
Authors: Okatria Luqy Afifah , Kusumastuti Ratih Dyah
Published: July 2024

Background: This study aims to analyze the performance of the production system currently implemented by Tahu Bandung ALN and propose alternative improvements that can make the performance of the production system more efficient. Methods: This study uses a discrete-event simulation approach, and the parameters of performance used are total production time and total production costs. Finding: The results of the base case scenario simulation found that there are several production processes that have waiting times which indicate the bottlenecks. Therefore, two alternative of improvements are proposed, namely the first scenario (adding more resources in the production processes that have waiting times) and the second scenario (combination of adding more resources in the production processes that have waiting times and implementing the inventory policy of certain raw material). Conclusion: The first alternative scenario is the better one as it can provide an improved performance, in which the total production time is reduced by 22,40% and the total production cost is reduced by 40,57%.
Perencanaan dan penghitungan pengolahan limbah tahu di Pabrik Tahu Banggle, Jombang
Authors: Palevi Muhammad Raynaldi Reza , Noerhayati Eko , Rahmawati Anita
Published: July 2024

Background: The soybean processing industry into tofu has environmental impacts. This industry generates waste in the form of wastewater, which if discharged without prior management will cause damage and pollution to the environment. One of them is the Banggle tofu factory in Jombang. This study aims to create a plan and calculation of wastewater treatment installations at the factory. Methods: The research method is laboratory testing to determine the quantity of wastewater and direct observation to determine field conditions so that appropriate plans can be made according to the field conditions. Finding: This study found that the largest wastewater discharge is 18,000 L/day or 18 m3/day. Therefore, pipes are buried underground to avoid leakage. This research also produces the sizes that must be met by the wastewater treatment tank as a result of calculations. Conclusion: These sizes need to be considered in the installation of wastewater treatment facilities.
Karakteristik nutrisi dalam yoghurt pada susu sapi, kambing dan oat
Authors: Zahra Cheryl Dwi Nur , Leonita Lastri , Alyasa Rahadian Rasyid , Surtikanti Hertien Koosbandiah , Priyandoko Didik
Published: July 2024

Background: Yogurt is a dairy product produced by fermenting milk using starter cultures such as Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus bacteria. The use of these bacteria is due to their role in producing lactic acid. With the involvement of these bacteria, the liquid milk coagulates and develops a distinctive acidic taste. Methods: The research method employed in this article is qualitative research using a literature review approach. Finding: Based on the study results, it was found that cow's milk undergoes an increase in protein and carbohydrate levels after being transformed into yogurt. Goat's milk experiences an increase in carbohydrate and calcium levels post-yogurt production. Meanwhile, oat milk shows an increase in ash concentration and protein levels. Conclusion: The comparative results indicate that each yogurt from different sources offers distinct nutritional advantages. Therefore, it is important to consider the body's nutritional needs before consumption.
Study of surface flow discharge in the bompon sub watershed, Magelang District
Authors: Prananto Fauzi Syani , Nurcahyono Tatok , Cayadewi Aulia Sabitah , Cassanova Aulia , Yuniar Nabila Nanda , Wahyudi Dwi , Ardiana Nuraissah , Juhadi Juhadi , Juhadi Jamhur
Published: July 2024

Background: The Bompon sub-watershed can be divided into 3 parts, namely upstream, middle and downstream and has a catchment area in residential areas and mixed gardens. The five river areas in the Bompon Sub-watershed have different levels of water discharge. This is influenced by the area size, rainfall, land cover, slope, shape of the watershed area, and density of rivers in the watershed area. This research was conducted in Margoyoso Village, with the aim of knowing the amount of river water discharge in the upstream, middle and downstream Bompon Sub-watershed, residential catchment areas and mixed gardens. Methods: In this research, water flow discharge was calculated using the Area-velocity Method using floats. This study uses a quantitative approach. The object of this research is the amount of flow discharge in the five river sections, while the subject of this research is the observation water points in the five river sections in the Bompon Sub-watershed. Findings: The results of this research show that the largest discharge magnitude is in the downstream section. Meanwhile, the smallest discharge amount is in the middle section, because the river order in the downstream section is a meeting between several river orders in the upstream and middle sections. Conclusion: Then for measuring surface flow discharge in the water catchment area, it shows that the amount of discharge in residential areas does not contain flowing water. This is caused by land use factors around the weir which are dominated by residential areas, where there are buildings which make it difficult for water to enter the ground. Meanwhile, in mixed plantation areas there is a fairly large amount of discharge, because the water supply comes from subsurface flows or seepage.
Identification of urban green space availability and utilization in Semarang City
Authors: Wicaksono Maulana Malik , Salsabhila Melvina Ardela , Amaratani Centri Arktika Neoaprilia , Darmawan Wahid , Fariz Trida Ridho , Heriyanti Andhina Putri
Published: July 2024

Background: Urban green space land a has been used differently because of Semarang City's rapid development in several sectors, including industry, transportation, and economics. Gajahmungkur Subdistrict determined that the minimum urban green space requirement of 30% had been reached. Methods: The method used in this research is quantitative method with remote sensing. Quantitative methods are used as systematic, rational, measurable, objective, and concrete methods. Findings: However, the identification results may not represent the total amount of urban green space in the village. Conclusion: Therefore, using remote sensing satellite image interpretation of Sampangan Village, the results of urban green space identification amounted to 22.97 ha or 22.6% of the 77.4% non-urban green space area with most of the land being urban green space of riparian type connected to Sampangan Park as a form of utilizing riparian urban green space which is frequently used by visitors to traders. In addition, Kelurahan Sampangan has urban green space utilization in the form of river borders, Sampangan Park, Sampangan Mitra Field, UNNES Labschool Elementary School sports field, Wotgaleh Cemetery, and parking lots. Sampangan Village only has 22.6% of the required minimum of 30% of urban green space, so it still falls short of the standard. Thus, efforts are needed to increase the provision of urban green space in Sampangan Village to become a residential area that is suitable for people to live in from an environmental aspect.
Analisis perkembangan wilayah Kabupaten Bekasi dan Kota Bekasi berdasarkan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 60 Tahun 2020
Authors: Kurniawan Aziz , Liviona Cantika , Nahriyah Muflihatun , Abdillah Niko , Atikah Okta Lian , Delphia Risanti , Sakti Yudi Nugraha
Published: July 2024

Background: Bekasi Regency and City are part of the Jabodetabek-Punjur region which experienced rapid development in the period 2000 to 2023. The aim of this research is to analyze the history of physical development, population, environmental problems of urban areas in Bekasi Regency and City, as well as analyze the content Presidential Regulation no. 60 of 2020 related to the environment. Methods: Qualitative methods are used to analyze environmental problems in Bekasi Regency and City, analyzing the contents of Presidential Decree No. 60 of 2020 related to the environment and developing a concept for integrating the content of these policies related to the environment into the Bekasi Regency and City Spatial Planning Plan through literature study. Findings: The results of spatial analysis show that the implementation of Presidential Decree no. 60 of 2020 on the development of the Bekasi urban area requires synergy between protected areas, cultivation areas, and residential center systems, including the city core area, surrounding urban areas, and transit-oriented development areas. Conclusion: The availability of adequate facilities and infrastructure will support damage control and reduce environmental pollution, as well as encourage sustainable regional development.
The climate change effects on the life of emperor penguins
Authors: Tombeng Clarissa Gabrielle , Masjud Yunita Ismail
Published: July 2024

Background: Emperor penguins are one of the species that their life a affects by climate change. They are part of the ecosystem. As a human, we need to know about the condition of the other living things as the effects of this climate change. This journal review wants to prove that the life of emperor penguins are in danger from any aspect because of climate change. Based on a study, the researcher tries to protect the penguins and does several methods to protect them. The researcher also uses the future climate projections to know the condition in the future. Some of the research used the thermal effects test, and observe the model habitat suitability. If the global emissions continue to increase, there is look like no future for emperor penguins. We need to know that every little thing of our action towards this climate change affects the other living things. Therefore, as a human, we need to be more aware of what happens around us. This research objective is to explore more about how climate change affects the emperor penguins' life and why we should care about it. Methods: This research used the literature review method. Two concept approaches were used in this journal review. Findings: The first is about the habitat, life cycle, and how the emperor penguins lived. The second is about the impact and what changes in their life. The result showed that there is a change in the life of emperor penguins, and their existence is endangered due to climate change effects. Conclusion: Emperor penguin is a part of our ecosystem. As a part of this earth, we need to know what is going on around us. We need to know that not only our life that affects by climate change but also the other living things. We could know what kind of actions that we can take to help the emperor penguins' life so they will not decline in the future which can affect life on this earth.
On the Methodology of Scientific Research in the Field of Energy Law
Authors: Kleandrov Mikhail I.
Published: July 2024

This article addresses the methodological issues inherent to scientific research in the field of energy law as a basis for improving energy legislation. The author proposes that the methodology of scientific and legal research be understood as a set of general and private scientific methods representing systems of approaches, methods, ways, and rules of scientific research in a particular vector of cognition. The author distinguishes between the general methodological approach and the theoretical and methodological framework of scientific and legal research. He highlights new challenges in the methodology of scientific research, including in the field of energy law, resulting from scientific and technological progress, particularly the use of artificial intelligence. The author suggests the use of the method of legal stratigraphy when conducting research in the field of energy law. Furthermore, the author highlights the role of energy law in ensuring national security, which he considers an essential element of its methodology.
Bankruptcy of Energy Companies in Russia and China: Legal Regulation
Authors: Popondopulo Vladimir F. , Silina Yelena V.
Published: July 2024

This article compares Russian and Chinese legislation on the bankruptcy of energy companies employing a comparative analysis method, identifies similarities and differences in legal regulation. The theoretical relevance of this work is to identify the main legislative approaches to the legal regulation of bankruptcy of energy companies in Russia and China, thereby providing a foundation for further research on this issue. The practical relevance of this work is the possible use of the best practices of legal regulation of bankruptcy relations of energy companies in Russia and China. Despite the significant influence of state regulation on the economy, both in Russia and China, bankruptcy legislation generally corresponds in its content to market standards of bankruptcy regulation. In terms of bankruptcy regulation of energy companies, Russian bankruptcy legislation, unlike Chinese legislation, has more specific features. Chinese bankruptcy legislation is supplemented by the decisions of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China and the practice of higher courts, as well as by widely used conciliation procedures.
Legal Regulation of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in the Energy Industry in the Russian Federation: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Kologermanskaya Ekaterina M.
Published: July 2024

The energy industry is one of the dynamically developing and investment-worthy areas where new technology is being actively introduced. The agenda is focused on digitalization and one of its most important products, artificial intelligence, as a popular and promising set of IT solutions applied in various areas, including the fuel and energy complex (FEC). The main risk of the full AI technology integration in the energy complex, as well as the creation of favorable investment conditions for its further development, is the imperfection of the legal and regulatory framework governing general and industrial aspects. This article analyzes the current state of legal regulation of AI and robotics in the energy industry of the Russian Federation, and also provides some examples of foreign legal experience on the topic under consideration. The jurisdictions of the European Union (with the subsequent implementation of legal norms into the national laws of the member States) and the United Kingdom were chosen as promising examples. It should be noted that in each of the selected states, a whole set of policy documents was adopted that consolidate the goals and objectives of AI development, as well as identify the main threats to the further integration of this technology into different economic realms, including energy. Besides, there are material differences in legislative approaches. The combination of the experience studied makes it possible to improve national laws on AI and robotics integration in the Russian FEC. It seems necessary to perform unification at the level of the federal law regulating the general provisions on AI. Besides, it is required to update special energy industry laws, including through the adoption of new energy security regulations at the substatutory level.
Digitalization of Construction of Facilities of the Fuel and Energy Complex
Authors: Illarionova Yevgeniya A.
Published: July 2024

The advent of new technologies and the evolving economic landscape have prompted a need to rethink the existing regulatory framework governing market players. Digitalization forces to create new legal mechanisms for regulating emerging economic relations. These include the development of normative legal acts that strike a balance between ensuring the public interest and business development, the introduction of new institutions or the modernization of existing ones, and the broad integration of various spheres of social life. The current legal framework presents shortcomings that create difficulties in introducing new technologies into the economy. This article will examine the existing legal issues of surrounding the use of new technologies in the construction of fuel and energy infrastructure facilities. It will focus on the legal nature of BIMmodeling, tort liability in the application of technologies in the construction/design process, and the problems of widespread introduction of smart contracts in construction activities. In preparing this scientific article, we relied on normative legal acts regulating the introduction of new technologies in economic activity, a small amount of judicial practice reflecting the current attitude of the judicial system to the legal regulation of new technologies, developed concepts reflecting the main areas of activity in the development of digitalization, and news portals. The following scientific methods were employed in the research process: analysis, comparison, description, interpretation, synthesis, abstraction, and analogy. This paper presents the current discussions on the mentioned problems of digitalization in the construction of facilities of the fuel and energy complex. It addresses the need/absence of the need for detailed legal regulation, the legal nature of the ‘liability’ of objects of digitalization, and gaps in the current legislation in terms of regulating the mechanism of smart contracts. The existing legal regulation issues surrounding digitalization in the construction of facilities of the fuel and energy complex, as outlined in this article, require a comprehensive solution that strikes a balance between economic development and effective legal regulation.
Gaps in Legal Regulation of Public Servitude for the Purposes of Construction of a Linear Facility of the Gas Supply System
Authors: Anikanov Pavel S.
Published: July 2024

The article examines the legislation regulating the implementation of public servitude for the purpose of operation, reconstruction, and construction of linear facilities of the gas supply system. The author identifies gaps in the rules of law and issues that arise in the application of these rules at all stages of the public servitude validity. The paper analyzes the major conditions and principles governing the approval of public servitudes in relation to privately owned land plots and the mechanism of formation of payment for the use of public servitudes. The author emphasizes the necessity of detailing certain concepts and improving existing rules, given that the rules introduced in 2018 pertaining to the approval of public servitudes for specific purposes, including for the operation, reconstruction and construction of engineering facilities for the gas supply system, require supplementation and partial amendment. This is due to the fact that they do not fully align with the State’s objectives of gasifying the country in the shortest possible time.
Problems of Legal Regulation of Operation of Hazardous Production Facilities in the Absence of Registered Rights to Land Plots
Authors: Sviridova Darya A.
Published: July 2024

This article examines the primary challenges associated with the legal regulation of placement of energy facilities on land and land plots owned by the state or municipality without providing land plots and establishing easements or public easements. This paper considers the legal institution in question as a legal regime for permitting the use of lands and land plots by persons subject to the limitation of the rights of the owner. It notes that the possibility of its use implies a mixed legal nature, since the expression of the user’s will is supported by the need to issue an act by an authorized body (permit). The author of this article concludes that the issue of charging fees for the use of land and land plots should be legislatively regulated in accordance with Chapter V.6 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation. This rule would ensure uniformity in the regulation of the legal relations under consideration.
Place of a RES-Based Generating Facility Construction Contract in the System of Civil Law Contracts
Authors: Pates Aleksandr S.
Published: July 2024

In this article, the author has focused on the theoretical understanding of contractual instruments used to create renewable energy source (RES) based generating facilities. The purpose of the study is to find the legal peculiarities of the obligations aimed at the construction of these facilities against the background of a system of general and special contracts highlighted in the Russian civil law and energy law. To do this, the author has correlated the theoretical approaches that have developed in Russian civil jurisprudence and in the energy law science on the application of mixed and comprehensive contractual forms. As a result, the contract for the construction of RES-based generating facilities is proposed to be considered on two levels: as a single civil law agreement and as a set of related civil law transactions. In the first case, the contract generates a set of obligations aimed at the construction of the relevant facility, which subordinates the parties not only to the norms of civil law, but also to the requirements of the Russian energy laws. In the second case, several civil law contracts, including those of a mixed or comprehensive type, are aimed to achieve a common goal, the creation of a specific generating facility. In this case, the effect of civil and energy laws can be differentiated depending on the subject matter and content of the contract.
Law Enforcement Practice on an Agreement on Technological Connection to Electrical Grids
Authors: Borodavko Anastasia A.
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes materials of the judicial practice on issues of technological connection to electrical grids. The reviewed examples show that: a) the judicial practice is contradictory, and judgments in certain cases are issued at violation of the principle of technological connection on a once-only basis; b) the laws on technological connection need to be updated in terms of determination of the party responsible for payment for grid operator services if the technological connection procedure started by the initial owner of a connected real estate unit is completed by a new owner. Law improvement proposals are brought forward as a result of the performed study, in particular, it is suggested to include in the Technological Connection Rules a provision to place title holders of real estate units, on the territory of which the applicant’s energy receiver is located, under an obligation to throw no obstacles in the way of a grid operator performing technological connection. It is also suggested to supplement the standard technological connection agreement with a clause imposing the obligation to pay for grid operator services on the real estate owner.
Measures to Counter Unfair Trading Practices in Foreign Commodity Exchange Markets
Authors: Khachaturova Ksenia I.
Published: July 2024

Currently, one of the reasons for the increase in fuel prices at trading on exchanges is the use of unfair exchange practices by trading participants, which has been repeatedly emphasized by the Russian Ministry of Energy and the Federal Anti-Monopoly Service. The concept of “unfair trading practices” is not enshrined at the level of statutes and regulations of the Russian Federation, and therefore, exchanges determine actions that relate to such practices at their own discretion, which entails, in particular, regulatory risks for exchanges, and may negatively affect the market as a whole. This article analyzes foreign practice in terms of the level of enshrinement of types of unfair practices: the legislative and/or local level, as well as analyzes the types and criteria of unfair practices in order to further analyze the implementation of foreign experience in Russian laws or local instruments of exchanges. As a result of a comparative legal analysis, it was revealed that in each jurisdiction there is regulation of unfair practices both at the legislative level and at the level of trading rules, their types and criteria are established, which allows us to conclude that the regulation of unfair behavior in stock trading is an area in which the participation of both an exchange and the state is required, including in terms of establishing criteria and types of such behavior.
Energy Security in the Globalized World: The Role of International Law Regulation
Authors: Alakbarzada Vadiyya , Mammadova Aydan
Published: July 2024

In the globalized world, energy security means the ability of countries and regions to satisfy their energy demands without any threats to their economic, social or political stability. Energy security depends on a variety of factors such as availability, reliability, price and sustainability of energy resources as well as the level of cooperation and competition between producers, consumers and transit countries. Energy security in the globalized world is a multifaceted problem that includes availability, reliability and accessibility of energy resources. International cooperation is of great importance since energy security is not limited by national borders, but is a common global problem. The key role is assigned to international treaties. Countries need to solve legal issues arising in view of the transition to the low-carbon economy and guarantee that their policy is in line with the obligations to fight against the climate change. The achievement of safe and sustainable energy future in the inter-related world requires a combination of legal measures and strategic planning.
Revolutionizing the Supply Chain: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Impact of Industry 4.0 on Supply Chain Management
Authors: Altubaishe Bandar , Qazi Sayeeduz Zafar , Bhalla Pretty
Published: July 2024

This research investigates the impact of Industry 4.0 technologies, namely robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), and cyber-physical systems, on supply chain management in manufacturing sector.The study employs a mixed-method approach, utilizing both primary and secondary data collection methods. A structured questionnaire is distributed among industry experts in the manufacturing sector. The data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software to derive research Industry 4.0 deployment significantly enhances data integrity within supply chain operations, particularly through the integration of IoT devices and sensors. Automation, a core tenet of Industry 4.0, reduces operational delays and bottlenecks, thus improving supply chain efficiency. Real-time data analytics empower supply chain managers to make agile decisions, aligning with Industry 4.0's objective of enhancing responsiveness. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of balancing automation with human capital development to ensure seamless integration of technology and human expertise in supply chain operations.The findings underscore the strategic importance of prioritizing data integrity and human capital development in the context of Industry 4.0 adoption. The study emphasizes the need for robust security measures, collaborative platforms, and training programs to maximize the benefits of Industry 4.0 technologies in supply chain management.Businesses can leverage the insights from this study to strategically implement Industry 4.0 technologies, optimize supply chain operations, and enhance competitiveness. Moreover, policymakers can utilize these findings to formulate proactive policies addressing workforce transition, economic factors, and ethical considerations associated with Industry 4.0 adoption.This research contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the transformative impact of Industry 4.0 technologies on supply chain management, particularly in the context of developing economies like India. Additionally, the study highlights the interplay between automation, data integrity, and human capital development, offering a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities in adopting Industry 4.0 in supply chain operations.