bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensory Modulation Disorder (SMD) and Pain in Substance-Use Disorder (SUD)
Authors: Bar-Shalita Tami , Asayag Naama , Bonneh Yoram , Parush Shula
Published: November 2019

Date Presented 04/04/19

SUD impacts the individual and his family's daily occupations while posing a massive health and societal concern. OTs may contribute a unique perspective in understanding this phenomenon. This is the first study to explore pain sensitivity and SMD in SUD. Findings demonstrate that while pain and SMD coexist, SMD may serve as a risk factor for having SUD, thus indicating a potential additive value for OTs in SUD therapy.

Primary Author and Speaker: Tami Bar-Shalita

Additional Authors and Speakers: Naama Asayag

Contributing Authors: Yoram Bonneh, Shula Parush
An In-House Vocational Training (IHVT) Program for Individuals With Chronic Mental Illnesses: The Employment Outcomes Reported by a Multicenter Study
Authors: Wu Shang-Liang , Hwang Eric , Lee Hui-Ling
Published: November 2019

Date Presented 04/04/19

An IHVT program was designed to improve employment outcomes for people with chronic psychiatric disorders. This client-centered program includes the areas of work-related behaviors, on-the-job skills, and life balance alongside the ongoing vocational counseling. The program outcomes showed satisfactory employment rates (52.9 to 65.6%) and high employment sustainability (greater than 6 months). The IHVT is a promising alternative to traditional vocational training.

Contributing Authors: Shang-Liang Wu

Additional Authors and Speakers: Eric Hwang

Primary Author and Speaker: Hui-Ling Lee
Occupational Connections (OC)—A Participation-Oriented, Short-Term Intervention for Inpatient Psychiatry Settings: Effectiveness Study
Authors: Lipskaya-Velikovsky Lena , Krupa Terry
Published: November 2019

Date Presented 04/04/19

This presentation introduces Occupational Connections, a structured, short-term, occupation-based in-patient mental-health intervention focused on promotion of participation in community occupations. Findings from an OC effectiveness study investigating the impact on community participation, the experience of the hospital setting as recovery-oriented, and changes in client descriptive parameters (cognition, symptom severity, and functional capacity) will be presented and discussed.

Primary Author and Speaker: Lena Lipskaya-Velikovsky

Contributing Authors: Terry Krupa
Are There Relationships Between Participation in Food-Related Activities and Executive Functions Among Adolescents With Celiac Disease?
Authors: Meyer Sonya , Rosenblum Sara
Published: November 2019

Date Presented 04/04/19

Celiac disease is a chronic condition that requires daily health management of a strict lifelong gluten-free diet. Adherence and self-management among adolescents can be challenging. Understanding the relationships between the skills involved in managing the diet, while participating in food-related activities, may assist in promoting adherence and self-management. This approach may contribute to developing occupational-based interventions in an emerging field of chronic health management.

Primary Author and Speaker: Sonya Meyer

Additional Authors and Speakers: Sara Rosenblum
Can OT Discharge Placement Recommendations Reduce Hospital Readmissions for Patients With Low Socioeconomic Status?
Authors: Formyduval Alyssa , Crabtree Jeffrey
Published: November 2019

Date Presented 04/05/19

OTs help determine the most effective hospital discharge placement for patients. By identifying patients’ personal needs and risk factors for readmission, OTs may accurately predict discharge placement for patients with a low socioeconomic status. This retrospective study found the likelihood of readmission was 2.63 times higher for those patients with low socioeconomic status who did not follow the OT discharge recommendations.

Primary Author and Speaker: Alyssa Formyduval

Contributing Authors: Jeffrey Crabtree
Support for Client-Centered Evaluations for Detecting Functional Impairments Among Breast Cancer Survivors One to Five Years After Treatment
Authors: Fleischer Anne , Fisher Mary , Bunger Laurie
Published: November 2019

Date Presented 04/05/19

This study provides support for client-centered perceived function evaluation tools compared to nonindividualized physical function assessment to assess breast cancer survivors' function. The COPM detected 30 to 39% perceived impairment (PI) in self-care, 40 to 44% PI in productive activities, and 40 to 47% PI in leisure activities. The DASH detected approximately 8% more physical function impairments and symptoms than the general population (17.8 vs 10.1).

Primary Author and Speaker: Anne Fleischer

Additional Authors and Speakers: Mary Fisher, Laurie Bunger
Evaluation of a Short-Term Occupation-Based Program on Pain, Fatigue, and Occupational Performance of Women With Cancer Living in the Community
Authors: Mendonca Rochelle , Maher Colleen
Published: November 2019

Date Presented 04/05/19

This study investigated the impact of a short-term occupation-based program on pain, fatigue, and occupational performance of women with cancer that took place over one week. Activities focused on physical, emotional, sensory, and social aspects of functioning. The study demonstrated that participation in this one-week program decreases pain and fatigue and improves occupational performance and satisfaction for women with cancer living in the community.

Primary Author and Speaker: Rochelle Mendonca

Additional Authors and Speakers: Colleen Maher
OT Sexuality and Intimacy Intervention for the Military Population: A Case Series
Authors: Ellis Kathryn , Nordstrom Michelle
Published: November 2019

Date Presented 04/05/19

Sexuality and intimacy are often meaningful activities for humans, yet OTs are hesitant to address these topics with their clients. Limited research is available that could inform and guide the profession in establishing curriculum and best practice. This case series is the first study to explore key factors of OT sex and intimacy intervention in enhancing performance in sexual activity and intimacy social participation.

Primary Author and Speaker: Kathryn Ellis

Contributing Authors: Michelle Nordstrom
Differences in Flourishing for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Authors: Hilton Claudia , Ratcliff Karen , Collins Diane , Flanagan Joanne , Hong Ickpyo
Published: November 2019

Date Presented 04/06/19

Flourishing, an indicator of positive mental health, is important for children’s development and well-being. Behavioral contributors to flourishing, independent of environment, were examined in a large data set of children from age 6 to 17 years. Children with ASD had significantly lower odds of flourishing and demonstrating the behavioral tendencies compared to controls, confirming the early need to address positive emotions and positive affect for these individuals.

Primary Author and Speaker: Claudia Hilton

Additional Authors and Speakers: Karen Ratcliff, Diane Collins, Joanne Flanagan, Ickpyo Hong
Post-Acute-Care (PAC) Utilization on 30-Day Risk-Standardized Readmission Rate (RSRR)
Authors: Li Chih-Ying , Karmarkar Amol , Lin Yu-Li , Kuo Yong-Fang , Ottenbacher Kenneth
Published: November 2019

Date Presented 04/06/19

This study is the first in examining the relationship between PAC utilization, Medicare HRRP, and 30-day unplanned RSRR for HRRP targeted and nontargeted impairment conditions. The study finding provides healthcare policy makers with preliminary information to understand the impact of PAC utilization on RSRRs.

Primary Author and Speaker: Chih-Ying Li

Additional Authors and Speakers: Amol Karmarkar, Yu-Li Lin, Yong-Fang Kuo, Kenneth Ottenbacher
Front Desk Duty (FDD): Validation of a Novel Multitasking Performance-Based Test on Adults With Mild Stroke
Authors: Carroll Ginger , Takimoto Romina , Radomski Mary , Halsten Jerry , Hopkins Shayne , Johnson Kristen , Kath Kristina , Kreiger Rob , Meyers Amy , Rabusch Stacey
Published: November 2019

Date Presented 04/07/19

We conducted a validation study on a performance-based assessment of EF called Front Desk Duty in mild stroke patients. Preliminary findings suggest that FDD can be scored reliably and distinguishes between groups of healthy adults and those with mild stroke who fail an EF screen. This study expands the repertoire of available multitasking assessments, which will contribute to better identification of people with mild stroke who could benefit from OT intervention.

Primary Author and Speaker: Ginger Carroll

Additional Authors and Speakers: Romina Takimoto

Contributing Authors: Mary Radomski, Jerry Halsten, Shayne Hopkins, Kristen Johnson, Kristina Kath, Rob Kreiger, Amy Meyers, Stacey Rabusch
Thailand
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Published: November 2019

The Thai insurance sector is a relatively small but growing part of the country’s financial services industry. Insurance sector assets have grown from 10 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2006 to over 22 percent of GDP in 2016, constituting 9 percent of total financial industry assets. Similarly, between 2008 and 2017, gross premiums written have grown at an average annual rate of approximately 16.9 percent, substantially above nominal GDP growth of 9.9 percent during the same period. As a result, the insurance penetration ratio (the ratio of premiums written to GDP) has gradually increased from 3.63 percent in 2008 to 5.39 percent in 2017.
Togo
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: November 2019

The economic recovery seems to be taking hold. Inflation stood at 0.6 percent at
end-July 2019. The fiscal consolidation was sustained through the first half of 2019; the
overall fiscal deficit is estimated at 0.2 percent of GDP at end-June 2019. Reforms are
progressing on revenue and customs administration as well as public expenditure
management. While the authorities are committed to privatize the two public banks, the
tenders for both banks were launched with a delay in September 2019 (prior action).
Socio-political tensions have abated but uncertainty remains high, particularly considering
the presidential election scheduled for 2020.
Enhanced growth rate of atmospheric particles from sulfuric acid
Authors: Stolzenburg Dominik , Simon Mario , Ranjithkumar Ananth , Kürten Andreas , Lehtipalo Katrianne , Gordon Hamish , Nieminen Tuomo , Pichelstorfer Lukas , He Xu-Cheng , Brilke Sophia , Xiao Mao , Amorim António , Baalbaki Rima , Baccarini Andrea , Beck Lisa , Bräkling Steffen , Caudillo Murillo Lucía , Chen Dexian , Chu Biwu , Dada Lubna , Dias António , Dommen Josef , Duplissy Jonathan , El Haddad Imad , Finkenzeller Henning , Fischer Lukas , Gonzalez Carracedo Loic , Heinritzi Martin , Kim Changhyuk , Koenig Theodore K. , Kong Weimeng , Lamkaddam Houssni , Lee Chuan Ping , Leiminger Markus , Li Zijun , Makhmutov Vladimir , Manninen Hanna E. , Marie Guillaume , Marten Ruby , Müller Tatjana , Nie Wei , Partoll Eva , Petäjä Tuukka , Pfeifer Joschka , Philippov Maxim , Rissanen Matti P. , Rörup Birte , Schobesberger Siegfried , Schuchmann Simone , Shen Jiali , Sipilä Mikko , Steiner Gerhard , Stozhkov Yuri , Tauber Christian , Tham Yee Jun , Tomé António , Vazquez-Pufleau Miguel , Wagner Andrea C. , Wang Mingyi , Wang Yonghong , Weber Stefan K. , Wimmer Daniela , Wlasits Peter J. , Wu Yusheng , Ye Qing , Zauner-Wieczorek Marcel , Baltensperger Urs , Carslaw Kenneth S. , Curtius Joachim , Donahue Neil M. , Flagan Richard C. , Hansel Armin , Kulmala Markku , Volkamer Rainer , Kirkby Jasper , Winkler Paul M.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. In the present-day atmosphere, sulfuric acid is the most important vapour for aerosol particle formation and initial growth. However, the growth rates of nanoparticles (
Characterizing model errors in chemical transport modelling of methane: Using GOSAT XCH4 data with weak constraint four-dimensional variational data assimilation
Authors: Stanevich Ilya , Jones Dylan B. A. , Strong Kimberly , Keller Martin , Henze Daven K. , Parker Robert J. , Boesch Hartmut , Wunch Debra , Notholt Justus , Petri Christof , Warneke Thorsten , Sussmann Ralf , Schneider Matthias , Hase Frank , Kivi Rigel , Deutscher Nicholas M. , Velazco Voltaire A. , Walker Kaley A. , Deng Feng
Published: November 2019

Abstract. We examined biases in the global GEOS-Chem chemical transport model for the period of February–May 2010 using weak constraint (WC) four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) data assimilation and dry-air mole fractions of CH4 (XCH4) from the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT). The ability of the observations and the WC 4D-Var method to mitigate model errors in CH4 concentrations was first investigated in a set of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs). We then assimilated the GOSAT XCH4 retrievals and found that they were capable of differentiating the vertical distribution of model errors and of removing a significant portion of biases in the modelled CH4 state. In the WC 4D-Var assimilation, corrections were added to the modeled CH4 state at each model time step to account for model errors and improve the model fit to the assimilated observations. Compared to the conventional strong constraint (SC) 4D-Var assimilation, the WC method was able to significantly improve the model fit to independent observations. Examination of the WC state corrections suggested that a significant source of the model errors was associated with discrepancies in the model CH4 in the stratosphere. The WC state corrections also suggested that the model vertical transport in the troposphere at mid- and high-latitudes is too weak. The problem was traced back to biases in the uplift of CH4 over the source regions in eastern China and North America. In the tropics, the WC assimilation pointed to the possibility of biased CH4 outflow from the African continent to the Atlantic in the mid-troposphere. The WC assimilation in this region would greatly benefit from glint observations over the ocean to provide additional constraints on the vertical structure of the model errors in the tropics. We also compared the WC assimilation at the 4° × 5° and 2° × 2.5° horizontal resolutions and found that the WC corrections to mitigate the model errors were significantly larger at 4° × 5° than at 2° × 2.5° resolution, indicating the presence of resolution-dependent model errors. Our results illustrate the potential utility of the WC 4D-Var approach for characterizing model errors. However, a major limitation of this approach is the need to better characterize the specified model error covariance in the assimilation scheme.
Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) in rivers and estuaries of northwestern Borneo
Authors: Bange Hermann W. , Sim Chun Hock , Bastian Daniel , Kallert Jennifer , Kock Annette , Mujahid Aazani , Müller Moritz
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) are atmospheric trace gases
which play important roles in the climate and atmospheric chemistry of the
Earth. However, little is known about their emissions from rivers and
estuaries, which seem to contribute significantly to the atmospheric budget
of both gases. To this end concentrations of N2O and CH4 were
measured in the Rajang, Maludam, Sebuyau and Simunjan rivers draining
peatland in northwestern (NW) Borneo during two campaigns in March and
September 2017. The Rajang River was additionally sampled in August 2016 and
the Samunsam and Sematan rivers were additionally sampled in March 2017. The
Maludam, Sebuyau, and Simunjan rivers are typical “blackwater” rivers with
very low pH (3.7–7.8), very high dissolved organic carbon (DOC)
concentrations (235–4387 mmol L−1) and very low O2
concentrations (31–246 µmol L−1; i.e. 13 %–116 % O2
saturation). The spatial and temporal variability of N2O and CH4
concentrations (saturations) in the six rivers or estuaries was large and
ranged from 2.0 nmol L−1 (28 %) to 41.4 nmol L−1 (570 %) and
from 2.5 nmol L−1 (106 %) to 1372 nmol L−1 (57 459 %),
respectively. We found no overall trends of N2O with O2 or
NO3-, NO2- or NH4+, and there were no trends of
CH4 with O2 or dissolved nutrients or DOC. N2O concentrations
showed a positive linear correlation with rainfall. We conclude, therefore,
that rainfall is the main factor determining the riverine N2O
concentrations since N2O production or consumption in the blackwater rivers themselves seems to be low because of the low pH. CH4
concentrations were highest at salinity = 0 and most probably result from
methanogenesis as part of the decomposition of organic matter under anoxic
conditions. CH4 in the concentrations in the blackwater rivers showed
an inverse relationship with rainfall. We suggest that CH4 oxidation in
combination with an enhanced river flow after the rainfall events might be
responsible for the decrease in the CH4 concentrations. The rivers and
estuaries studied here were an overall net source of N2O and CH4
to the atmosphere. The total annual N2O and CH4 emissions were
1.09 Gg N2O yr−1 (0.7 Gg N yr−1) and 23.8 Gg CH4 yr−1, respectively. This represents about 0.3 %–0.7 % of the global
annual riverine and estuarine N2O emissions and about 0.1 %–1 % of
the global riverine and estuarine CH4 emissions. Therefore, we conclude
that rivers and estuaries in NW Borneo – despite the fact their water area
covers only 0.05 % of the global river/estuarine area – contribute
significantly to global riverine and estuarine emissions of N2O and
CH4.
Environmental factors influencing benthic communities in the oxygen minimum zones on the Angolan and Namibian margins
Authors: Hanz Ulrike , Wienberg Claudia , Hebbeln Dierk , Duineveld Gerard , Lavaleye Marc , Juva Katriina , Dullo Wolf-Christian , Freiwald André , Tamborrino Leonardo , Reichart Gert-Jan , Flögel Sascha , Mienis Furu
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Thriving benthic communities were observed in the oxygen minimum zones along
the southwestern African margin. On the Namibian margin, fossil cold-water
coral mounds were overgrown by sponges and bryozoans, while the Angolan
margin was characterized by cold-water coral mounds covered by a living
coral reef. To explore why benthic communities differ in both areas, present-day environmental conditions were assessed, using conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) transects and bottom
landers to investigate spatial and temporal variations of environmental
properties. Near-bottom measurements recorded low dissolved oxygen
concentrations on the Namibian margin of 0–0.15 mL L−1 (≜0 %–9 % saturation) and on the Angolan margin of 0.5–1.5 mL L−1 (≜7 %–18 % saturation), which were
associated with relatively high temperatures (11.8–13.2 ∘C and
6.4–12.6 ∘C, respectively). Semidiurnal barotropic tides were
found to interact with the margin topography producing internal waves. These
tidal movements deliver water with more suitable characteristics to the
benthic communities from below and above the zone of low oxygen.
Concurrently, the delivery of a high quantity and quality of organic matter was
observed, being an important food source for the benthic fauna. On the
Namibian margin, organic matter originated directly from the surface
productive zone, whereas on the Angolan margin the geochemical signature of
organic matter suggested an additional mechanism of food supply. A nepheloid
layer observed above the cold-water corals may constitute a reservoir of
organic matter, facilitating a constant supply of food particles by tidal
mixing. Our data suggest that the benthic fauna on the Namibian margin, as
well as the cold-water coral communities on the Angolan margin, may
compensate for unfavorable conditions of low oxygen levels and high
temperatures with enhanced availability of food, while anoxic conditions on
the Namibian margin are at present a limiting factor for cold-water coral
growth. This study provides an example of how benthic ecosystems cope with
such extreme environmental conditions since it is expected that oxygen
minimum zones will expand in the future due to anthropogenic activities.
Benthic foraminifera as tracers of brine production in Storfjorden sea ice factory
Authors: Fossile Eleonora , Nardelli Maria Pia , Jouini Arbia , Lansard Bruno , Pusceddu Antonio , Moccia Davide , Michel Elisabeth , Péron Olivier , Howa Hélène , Mojtahid Meryem
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The rapid response of benthic foraminifera to environmental factors (e.g., organic matter quality and quantity, salinity, pH) and their high fossilisation potential make them promising bio-indicators for the intensity and recurrence of brine formation in Arctic seas. Such approach, however, requires a thorough knowledge of their modern ecology in such extreme settings. To this aim, seven stations along a N–S transect across the Storfjorden (Svalbard archipelago) have been sampled using an interface multicorer. This fjord is an area of intense sea ice formation characterised by the production of Brine-enriched Shelf Waters (BSW) as a result of a recurrent latent-heat polynya. Living (Rose Bengal stained) foraminiferal assemblages were analysed together with geochemical and sedimentological parameters in the top five centimetres of the sediment. Three major biozones were distinguished: (i) the inner fjord dominated by typical glacier proximal calcareous species which opportunistically respond to fresh organic matter inputs; (ii) the deep basins and sill characterised by glacier distal agglutinated faunas. These latter are either dominant because of the mostly refractory nature of organic matter and/or the brine persistence that hampers the growth of calcareous species and/or causes their dissolution. (iii) The outer fjord characterised by typical North Atlantic species due to the intrusion of the North Atlantic water in the Storfjordrenna. The stressful conditions present in the deep basins and sill (i.e. acidic waters and low food quality) result in a high agglutinated/calcareous ratio (A / C). This supports the potential use of the A / C ratio as a proxy for brine persistence and overflow in Storfjorden.
A South Atlantic island record uncovers shifts in westerlies and hydroclimate during the last glacial
Authors: Björck Svante , Sjolte Jesper , Ljung Karl , Adolphi Florian , Flower Roger , Smittenberg Rienk H. , Kylander Malin E. , Stocker Thomas F. , Holmgren Sofia , Jiang Hui , Muscheler Raimund , Afrifa Yamoah K. K. , Rattray Jayne E. , Van der Putten Nathalie
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Changes in the latitudinal position and strength of the Southern Hemisphere
westerlies (SHW) are thought to be tightly coupled to important climate
processes, such as cross-equatorial heat fluxes, Atlantic Meridional
Overturning Circulation (AMOC), the bipolar seesaw, Southern Ocean
ventilation and atmospheric CO2 levels. However, many uncertainties
regarding magnitude, direction, and causes and effects of past SHW shifts
still exist due to lack of suitable sites and scarcity of information on SHW
dynamics, especially from the last glacial. Here we present a detailed
hydroclimate multiproxy record from a 36.4–18.6 kyr old lake sediment
sequence on Nightingale Island (NI). It is strategically located at
37∘ S in the central South Atlantic (SA) within the SHW belt and
situated just north of the marine Subtropical Front (SF). This has enabled
us to assess hydroclimate changes and their link to the regional climate
development as well as to large-scale climate events in polar ice cores. The
NI record exhibits a continuous impact of the SHW, recording shifts in both
position and strength, and between 36 and 31 ka the westerlies show high
latitudinal and strength-wise variability possibly linked to the bipolar
seesaw. This was followed by 4 kyr of slightly falling temperatures,
decreasing humidity and fairly southerly westerlies. After 27 ka
temperatures decreased 3–4 ∘C, marking the largest hydroclimate
change with drier conditions and a variable SHW position. We note that
periods with more intense and southerly-positioned SHW seem to be related to
periods of increased CO2 outgassing from the ocean, while changes in
the cross-equatorial gradient during large northern temperature changes
appear as the driving mechanism for the SHW shifts. Together with coeval
shifts of the South Pacific westerlies, our results show that most of the Southern
Hemisphere experienced simultaneous atmospheric circulation changes during
the latter part of the last glacial. Finally we can conclude that multiproxy
lake records from oceanic islands have the potential to record atmospheric
variability coupled to large-scale climate shifts over vast oceanic areas.
Glacier terminus retreat, mass budget, and surface velocity
measurements for the Jankar Chhu Watershed, Lahaul Himalaya,
India
Authors: Das Suresh , Sharma Milap Chand
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Characterization of glacier changes in the terminus, elevation, and surface velocity was worked out for the Jankar Chhu Watershed (JCW) of Lahaul Himalaya using freely available satellite remote sensing data and the limited number of field observations. We studied changes using Corona (1971), Landsat (1993–2017), Sentinel 2A (2016), the SRTM Digital Elevation Model (DEM; 2000), and the global TanDEM‒X DEM (2014). Change detection for nine select glaciers was studied in detail. Our results showed that changes in glacier terminus (−4.7 ± 0.4 m a−1) between 1971 and 2016 are smaller than previously reported. An intricate pattern of mass changes across the JCW was observed, with surface lowering on an average of −0.7 ± 0.4 m a−1 which equates to a geodetic mass balance of −0.6 ± 0.4 m w.e. a−1 during 2000–14. The computed glacier surface velocities (1993‒2017) reveal nearly stagnant debris-covered ablation zone but the dynamically active main trunk. Field observations/measurements also support the findings. This study provides valuable insights into the recent glacier variations, which are of critical importance to assess the future glacier dynamics on a regional scale in areas like the present one. The dataset is freely accessible at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3383233 (Das and Sharma, 2019b).
Characterizing model errors in chemical transport modeling of methane: Impact of model resolution in versions v9-02 of GEOS-Chem and v35j of its adjoint model
Authors: Stanevich Ilya , Jones Dylan B. A. , Strong Kimberly , Parker Robert J. , Boesch Hartmut , Wunch Debra , Notholt Justus , Petri Christof , Warneke Thorsten , Sussmann Ralf , Schneider Matthias , Hase Frank , Kivi Rigel , Deutscher Nicholas M. , Velazco Voltaire A. , Walker Kaley A. , Deng Feng
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The GEOS-Chem simulation of atmospheric CH4 was evaluated against observations from the Thermal And Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observations Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS) on the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT), the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS), and the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). We focused on the model simulations at the 4° × 5° and 2° × 2.5° horizontal resolutions for the period of February–May 2010. Compared to the GOSAT, TCCON, and ACE-FTS data, we found that the 2° × 2.5° model produced a better simulation of CH4, with smaller biases and a higher correlation to the independent data. We found large resolution-dependent differences such as a latitude-dependent XCH4 bias, with higher columns abundances of CH4 at high latitudes and lower abundances at low latitudes at the 4° × 5° resolution than at 2° × 2.5°. We also found large differences in CH4 column abundances between the two resolutions over major source regions such as China. These differences resulted in up to 30 % differences in inferred regional CH4 emission estimates from the two model resolutions. We performed several experiments using 222Rn, 7Be and CH4 to determine the origins of the resolution-dependent errors. The results suggested that the major source of the latitude-dependent errors is excessive mixing in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, including mixing at the edge of the polar vortex, that is pronounced at the 4° × 5° resolution. At the coarser resolution, there is weakened vertical transport in the troposphere at mid- to high latitudes due to the loss of sub-grid tracer eddy mass flux in the storm track regions. We also identified reduced vertical transport at the coarser resolution. The vertical air mass fluxes are calculated in the model from the degraded coarse-resolution wind fields and the model does not conserve the air mass flux between model resolutions; as a result, the low resolution does not fully capture the vertical transport. This produces significant localized discrepancies, such as much greater CH4 abundances in the lower troposphere over China at 4° × 5° than at 2° × 2.5°. Although we found that the CH4 simulation is significantly better at 2° × 2.5° than at 4° × 5°, biases may still be present at 2° × 2.5° resolution. Their importance, particularly, in regards to inverse modeling of CH4 emissions, should be evaluated in future studies using on-line transport in the native general circulation model as a benchmark simulation.
On the calculation of normalized viscous-plastic sea ice stresses
Authors: Lemieux Jean-François , Dupont Frédéric
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Calculating and plotting the normalized states of stress for viscous-plastic sea ice models is a common diagnostic for evaluating the numerical convergence and the physical consistency of a numerical solution. Researchers, however, usually do not explain how they calculate the normalized stresses. Here, we argue that care must be taken when calculating and plotting the normalized states of stress. A physically consistent and numerically converged solution should exhibit normalized stresses that are inside (viscous) or on (plastic) the yield curve. To do so, two possible mistakes need to be avoided. First, to assess the numerical convergence of a solution, one must compute the viscous coefficients and replacement pressure from the previous numerical iterate and the remaining strain rates from the latest iterate. Calculating the stresses only from the latest iterate falsely indicates that the solution has numerically converged. Second, the stresses should be normalized by the ice strength and not by the replacement pressure. Using the latter, one obtains converged states of stress that lie only on the yield curve (i.e., falsely indicating there are no viscous states of stress).
COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS OF THE ACCURACY OF GEE PLATFORM PIXEL-BASED SUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION-TAKING SHANDONG PROVINCE AS AN EXAMPLE
Authors: Jia C. L. , Chen J. , Wu H.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Remote sensing is going through a basic transformation, in which a wide array of data-rich applications is gradually taking the place of methods interpreting one or two imageries. These applications have been greatly facilitated by Google Earth Engine (GEE), which provides both imagery access and a platform for advanced analysis techniques. Within the field of land cover classification, GEE provides the ability to create fast new classifications, particularly at global extents. Despite the role of indices and other ancillary data in classification, GEE platform pixel-based supervised classification (GEE-PBSC), as a relatively fast and common classification method in remote sensing, was not directly analysed and assessed about accuracy in current researches. We ask how high the classification accuracy of GEE-PBSC is, and which type of land cover is more suitable to be classified by GEE-PBSC method with a credible accuracy. Here we adopt GEE-PBSC method to classify Landsat 5 TM imageries in Shandong province in 2010, and compare the result with GlobeLand30 product in 2010 from three aspects: type composition, type confusion and spatial consistency to assess the classification accuracy. Before the comparison, multiple cross-validation, which shows that the overall average test accuracy is about 74%, is required to ensure the reliability. The comparison experiment shows that the spatial consistency ratio of artificial surface, cultivated land and water is about 99.30%, 85.78% and 73.02% respectively. The pixel purity of artificial surface and cultivated land is about 90.26% and 81.45% respectively. The overall spatial consistency ratio is about 82.04%. Although the GEE-PBSC method can achieve high test accuracy, the result is still far from GlobeLand30 product in 2010. Because the GEE-PBSC only uses the pixel information of imageries and does not integrate other multi-source data to assist classification. In addition, classification result also shows that using GEE-PBSC to classify artificial surface and cropland has obvious advantages over other land classes, and their classification results is close to GlobeLand30.
QUANTIFYING EFFECTS OF CHANGING SPATIAL SCALE ON SPATIAL ENTROPY INDEX: USE OF FRACTAL DIMENSION
Authors: Wang C. J. , Zhao H. R. , Huang D. M.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Quantifying landscape heterogeneity and its organization at different scales is essential for understanding ecosystems and landscapes. Among hundreds of landscape metrics, entropy-related index represents an efficient tool to quantify and characterize landscape patterns. A recent development is Spatial Entropy index (Hs), and it has been validated as flexible and effective in landscape pattern analysis. However, the effects of changing spatial scale on Hs has not been quantified. This paper applies the fractal method to measure the spatial scale (grain size) sensitivity of Hs. Using the initial land-use data of Yanhe watershed, which is located in northwest of China, eleven different spatial scales were created in order to investigate the scale effects on Hs. A linear log–log regression model was then constructed based on the power law to calculate the coefficient of determination (COD) of the model and the fractal dimension (FD) of Hs. The result indicates that Spatial Entropy index shows a robust fractal feature, and it decreases as the spatial scale (or grain size) becomes lager in a moderate degree. In total, we believe that this study will help us to get a better understanding of Hs, and to facilitate further applications of this entropy-related index.
SEMANTIC CONTEXT-BASED ON-DEMAND SERVICE MODEL FOR LAND COVER CHANGE DETECTION
Authors: Xing H. Q. , Hou D. Y.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Land cover change (LCC) detection is widely used in many social-benefit areas, such as land cover updating, sustainable development and geographical situation monitoring. With the development of Web Services and cloud computing, a number of remote sensed algorithms and models have been published as web services. An on-demand service is urgent to be generated by compositing a sequence of atomic services, according to different situations. Context information plays an important role in automatic service composition. Traditional context information models mainly focus on service only, and ignore the relationships among users and services. To address this problem, we introduce the service context and user context into the context information. OWL-SC and OWL-UC are then proposed by extending the traditional service description model (i.e., OWL-S). Finally, a context-aware on-demand service model for LCC detection is built to realize service composition and optimization.
A prototype stochastic parameterization of regime behaviour in the stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer
Authors: Abraham Carsten , Holdsworth Amber M. , Monahan Adam H.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Recent research has demonstrated that hidden Markov model (HMM) analysis is an effective tool to classify atmospheric observations of the stably stratified nocturnal boundary layer (SBL) into weakly stable (wSBL) and very stable (vSBL) regimes. Here we consider the development of explicitly stochastic representations of SBL regime dynamics. First, we analyze whether HMM-based SBL regime statistics (the occurrence of regime transitions, subsequent transitions after the first, and very persistent nights) can be accurately represented by “freely running” stationary Markov chains (FSMCs). Our results show that despite the HMM-estimated regime statistics being relatively insensitive to the HMM transition probabilities, these statistics cannot all simultaneously be captured by a FSMC. Furthermore, by construction a FSMC cannot capture the observed non-Markov regime duration distributions. Using the HMM classification of data into wSBL and vSBL regimes, state-dependent transition probabilities conditioned on the bulk Richardson number (RiB) or the stratification are investigated. We find that conditioning on stratification produces more robust results than conditioning on RiB. A prototype explicitly stochastic parameterization is developed based on stratification-dependent transition probabilities, in which turbulence pulses (representing intermittent turbulence events) are added during vSBL conditions. Experiments using an idealized single-column model demonstrate that such an approach can simulate realistic-looking SBL regime dynamics.
Modelling the marine ecosystem of Iberia–Biscay–Ireland (IBI) European waters for CMEMS operational applications
Authors: Gutknecht Elodie , Reffray Guillaume , Mignot Alexandre , Dabrowski Tomasz , Sotillo Marcos G.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. As part of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service
(CMEMS), a physical–biogeochemical coupled model system has been developed
to monitor and forecast the ocean dynamics and marine ecosystem of the
European waters and more specifically on the Iberia–Biscay–Ireland (IBI)
area. The CMEMS IBI coupled model covers the north-east Atlantic Ocean from
the Canary Islands to Iceland, including the North Sea and the western
Mediterranean, with a NEMO-PISCES 1∕36∘ model application. The
coupled system has been providing 7 d weekly ocean forecasts for CMEMS since
April 2018. Prior to its operational launch, a pre-operational qualification
simulation (2010–2016) has allowed assessing the model's capacity to
reproduce the main biogeochemical and ecosystem features of the IBI area.
The objective of this paper is then to describe the consistency and skill
assessment of the PISCES biogeochemical model using this 7-year
qualification simulation. The model results are compared with available
satellite estimates as well as in situ observations (ICES, EMODnet and BGC-Argo). The simulation successfully reproduces the spatial distribution and seasonal
cycles of oxygen, nutrients, chlorophyll a and net primary production, and
confirms that PISCES is suitable at such a resolution and can be used for
operational analysis and forecast applications. This model system can be a
useful tool to better understand the current state and changes in the marine
biogeochemistry of European waters and can also provide key variables for
developing indicators to monitor the health of marine ecosystems. These
indicators may be of interest to scientists, policy makers, environmental
agencies and the general public.
The imprints of contemporary mass redistribution on local sea level and vertical land motion observations
Authors: Frederikse Thomas , Landerer Felix W. , Caron Lambert
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Observations from permanent Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations are commonly used to correct tide-gauge observations for vertical land motion (VLM). We combine GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) observations and an ensemble of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) predictions to assess and evaluate the impact of solid-Earth deformation (SED) due to contemporary mass redistribution and GIA on VLM trends derived from GNSS stations. This mass redistribution causes relative sea-level (RSL) and SED patterns that not only vary in space but also exhibit large interannual variability signals. We find that for many stations, including stations in coastal locations, this deformation causes VLM trends on the order of 1 mm yr−1 or higher. In multiple regions, including the Amazon Basin and large parts of Australia, the SED trend flips sign between the first half and second half of the 15-year GRACE record. GNSS records often only span a few years, and due to these interannual variations SED causes substantial biases when the linear trends in these short records are extrapolated back in time. We propose a new method to avoid this potential bias in the VLM-corrected tide-gauge record: instead of correcting tide-gauge records for the observed VLM trend, we first remove the effects from GIA and contemporary mass redistributions from the VLM observations before computing the VLM trend. This procedure reduces the extrapolation bias induced by SED, and it also avoids the bias due to sea-floor deformation: SED includes net sea-floor deformation, which is ignored in global-mean sea-level reconstructions based on VLM-corrected tide-gauge data. We apply this method to 8166 GNSS stations. With this separation, we are able to explain a large fraction of the discrepancy between observed sea-level trends at multiple long tide-gauge records and the global-mean sea-level trend from recent reconstructions.
Prediction of seismic P-wave velocity using machine learning
Authors: Dumke Ines , Berndt Christian
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Measurements of seismic velocity as a function of depth
are generally restricted to borehole locations and are therefore sparse in
the world's oceans. Consequently, in the absence of measurements or suitable
seismic data, studies requiring knowledge of seismic velocities often obtain
these from simple empirical relationships. However, empirically derived
velocities may be inaccurate, as they are typically limited to certain
geological settings, and other parameters potentially influencing seismic
velocities, such as depth to basement, crustal age, or heat flow, are not
taken into account. Here, we present a machine learning approach to predict
the overall trend of seismic P-wave velocity (vp) as a function of
depth (z) for any marine location. Based on a training dataset consisting of
vp(z) data from 333 boreholes and 38 geological and spatial predictors
obtained from publicly available global datasets, a prediction model was
created using the random forests method. In 60 % of the tested locations,
the predicted seismic velocities were superior to those calculated
empirically. The results indicate a promising potential for global
prediction of vp(z) data, which will allow the improvement of geophysical
models in areas lacking first-hand velocity data.
Role of Public Service Motivation, Organization Values and Reward Expectation on Performance of Public Sector Employees in Henan, China
Authors: Xu Yu-Jie , Syed Abu Bakar Syarifah Mastura B. , Ali Waqas
Published: November 2019

The main objective of this study is to investigate the role of public service motivation, organization value and reward on performance of public sector employee in the Henan, China. Data is collected from adopted instrument from earlier studies. The researcher has collected data from 396 respondents by using online survey and self-administrative collection method. For analysis of data, SPSS and SmartPLS software were used. It has been concluded that role of organization values does not have a relationship with the performance of employees. The public service motivation and reward expectation plays an important role in employee job performance. The researcher found that earlier researchers’ assumption, the non-monetary benefits in public sector job least important are not valid in context of China Public sector employees. This research concludes that the employees who are working in public sector always look for both monetary and non-monetary benefits.
The Effect of Financial Performance and Balanced Funds on Capital Expenditure of Local Government in District/City in Indonesia
Authors: Bolen Kornelis Kopong , - Payamta
Published: November 2019

Many regional governments in district/city still allocate their capital expenditures below 30%. It is not in line with expectations as mandated in Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs on Guidelines for Preparation of Regional Income and Expenditure Budget (APBD). The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of financial performance and balance funds on the allocation of capital expenditures for district /city governments in Indonesia. The sample used in this study were 473 district/city governments consisting of 382 district governments and 91 city governments. Meanwhile, the type of data used was secondary data. The analysis in the study was based on reports on the realization of the 2013 to 2017 budget audited by The Supreme Audit Agency of The Republic of Indonesia (BPK).The results of multiple regression analysis show first, Regional Financial Independence and General Allocation Funds have a negative but significant effect on Capital Expenditures. Second, Regional Financial Effectiveness, Revenue Sharing Funds, and Special Allocation Funds have a positive and significant effect on Capital Expenditures. Third, Regional Financial Efficiency does not significantly affect Capital Expenditures.
Expressing Selves: A Comparative Study of the Memoirs of Tāj al-Salṭana and Bībī Maryam Bakhtiyārī
Authors: Sadeghian Saghar
Published: November 2019

Born and raised in Nāṣirī Qajar Iran, both Sardār (commander) Maryam Bakhtiyārī (1874–1937), daughter of Ḥusayn Qulī Khan, the Īlkhānī (chief of the tribes) of the Bakhtiyārīs, an influential nomadic tribe, and Zahrā Khānum Tāj al-Salṭana (1884–1936), daughter of Nāṣir al-Dīn Shah, wrote memoirs. Both of these texts are incomplete, and only one - Tāj’s autobiography - has been translated into English. The two memoirs present the female narrative of Iranian society through two different lenses: from inside the royal harem and from the landscape of nomadic life. This article argues that despite their different lifestyles, both women were the subject of Foucault’s “docile body,” the “body as object and target of power,” which “may be subjected, used, transformed, and improved”1 in the misogynic institutions that controlled and employed them. As Saud Joseph argues, a “predominant patriarchal family system”2 designated guardians for these women through the male relatives. This system also allowed men to act with impunity so long as they fulfilled their procreation duty inside their family institution. Women, on the other hand, were the instruments of reproduction. This article also provides an overview of the ways these women reacted to the conditions constraining them. Their reactions distinguish Tāj’s and Maryam’s lives as role models who went beyond the social framework and pushed the boundaries.
Nietzsche's Attack on Belief: Doxastic Skepticism in The Antichrist
Authors: Berry Jessica N.
Published: November 2019

In the last numbered section of The Antichrist, Nietzsche pronounces his “eternal indictment” of Christianity. If we focus on his condemnation of the moral emotion of compassion (Mitleid) and on the mendacity and vengefulness he attributes to priests and theologians, we are likely to conclude that his indictment is a moral one. But Nietzsche himself clearly and decisively resists this conclusion, twice characterizing his analysis as “moraline-free [moralinfrei].” In this article, I argue that we must take this caveat seriously, and that if we do, we will discover that the real target of this treatise is a sickness, “a pathos that calls itself belief [Glaube],” of which the tradition of Pauline Christianity, in which only “faith [Glaube] makes blessed,” has been only the most virulent strain. I demonstrate that this diagnosis aligns Nietzsche with a long tradition of doxastic (as opposed to epistemic) varieties of skepticism, which treat “belief” in similarly pathological terms.