bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and application of light-switchable arylazopyrazole rapamycin analogs
Authors: Courtney Taylor M. , Horst Trevor J. , Hankinson Chasity P. , Deiters Alexander
Published: August 2019

The first photoswitchable rapamycin analogs were synthesized and evaluated in split-enzyme assays using FKBP/FRB fusion, revealing configurational specificity of the system.
Efficient synthesis of novel cyclic fused-phenothiazines via domino cyclization of 2-(benzo[b][1,4]thiazin-3-ylidene)acetate, aromatic aldehydes and cyclic 1,3-diketones
Authors: Sun Jing , Sun Quan-Shun , Yan Chao-Guo
Published: August 2019

Novel fused and bridged phenothiazine derivatives were selectively synthesized via an acid-promoted reaction of alkyl 2-(benzo[b][1,4]thiazin-3-ylidene)acetate, aromatic aldehydes and cyclic diketones under different reaction conditions.
Gas-phase UV absorption spectra and OH-oxidation kinetics of 1H-1,2,3-triazole and pyrazole
Authors: Samir Brahim , Kalalian Carmen , Roth Estelle , Salghi Rachid , Chakir Abdelkhaleq
Published: August 2019

In this work, we report the gas phase UV absorption spectra and the kinetics of the OH-oxidation of 1H-1,2,3-triazole and pyrazole.
Synthesis and discovery of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives inhibiting cancer stem cell properties in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Li Xiaojing , Liu Yihua , Wang Na , Liu Yuyu , Wang Shuai , Wang Hongmin , Li Aihua , Ren Shaoda
Published: August 2019

18β-glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives containing cinnamamide moiety could inhibit cancer stem cell properties in ovarian cancer cells.
Medium optimization based on comparative metabolomic analysis of chicken embryo fibroblast DF-1 cells
Authors: Lin Jia , Yi Xiaoping , Zhuang Yingping
Published: August 2019

This study proposes a medium optimal method based on DOE methodology and metabolomics of chicken embryo fibroblasts DF-1 cells.
A theoretical study on the formation and oxidation mechanism of hydroxyalkylsulfonate in the atmospheric aqueous phase
Authors: Zhang Danna , Lv Guochun , Sun Xiaomin , Zhang Chenxi , Li Zhiqiang
Published: August 2019

We report the formation of an important organosulfur compound HMS and its oxidation using theoretical calculation.
First principles study of g-Mg3N2 as an anode material for Na-, K-, Mg-, Ca- and Al-ion storage
Authors: Xiong Lixin , Wang Hewen , Xiong Wan , Yu Shicheng , Ouyang Chuying
Published: August 2019

g-Mg3N2 is predicted to be a good anode material for non-lithium metal ion batteries.
Interactions between amphiphilic Janus nanosheets and a nonionic polymer in aqueous and biphasic systems
Authors: Luo Dan , Zhang Fanghao , Ding Fazhu , Ren Bushi , Ren Zhifeng
Published: August 2019

The interactions between amphiphilic Janus nanosheets and a nonionic polymer were elucidated in both aqueous and biphasic systems.
Producing protein–nanoparticle co-assembly supraparticles by the interfacial instability process
Authors: Yong Xueqing , Chen Yanming , Yu Xiaoya , Ruan Gang
Published: August 2019

We achieve scalable production of protein–nanoparticle co-assembly supraparticles, and solve problems in the interfacial instability process with proteins’ structural features.
Antimicrobial activity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) n-doped with a pyridinium-containing polyelectrolyte
Authors: Sánchez-Jiménez Margarita , Estrany Francesc , Borràs Núria , Maiti Binoy , Díaz Díaz David , del Valle Luis J. , Alemán Carlos
Published: August 2019

In spite of p-doped conducting polymers having been widely studied in the last decades and many applications having been developed, studies based on n-doped conducting polymers are extremely scarce.
Lattice strain and texture analysis of superhard Mo0.9W1.1BC and ReWC0.8via diamond anvil cell deformation
Authors: Parry Marcus , Couper Samantha , Mansouri Tehrani Aria , Oliynyk Anton O. , Brgoch Jakoah , Miyagi Lowell , Sparks Taylor D.
Published: August 2019

Mo0.9W1.1BC and ReWC0.8 are compressed nonhydrostatically to explore anisotropic deformation behavior and better comprehend hard materials. Slip is likely dictated by planar density in ReWC0.8 and directional covalent B–B chains in Mo0.9W1.1BC.
Design strategies toward catalytic materials and cathode structures for emerging Li–CO2 batteries
Authors: Hu Anjun , Shu Chaozhu , Xu Chenxi , Liang Ranxi , Li Jiabao , Zheng Ruixin , Li Minglu , Long Jianping
Published: August 2019

The state-of-the-art design strategies toward highly active catalytic materials and cathode structures for Li–CO2 batteries are reviewed and discussed.
Assessing negative thermal expansion in mesoporous metal–organic frameworks by molecular simulation
Authors: Evans Jack D. , Dürholt Johannes P. , Kaskel Stefan , Schmid Rochus
Published: August 2019

Molecular simulations reveal that mesoporous metal–organic frameworks display large volumetric negative thermal expansion, which has a considerable effect on mechanical stability, outlining an alternative application for these ultra-porous materials.
Inorganic perovskite solar cells: an emerging member of the photovoltaic community
Authors: Duan Jialong , Xu Hongzhe , Sha W. E. I. , Zhao Yuanyuan , Wang Yudi , Yang Xiya , Tang Qunwei
Published: August 2019

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted tremendous interest because of their rapid improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) from the initial PCE of 3.8% for the first prototype to the certified PCE of 25.2% in 2019.
In operando signature and quantification of lithium plating
Authors: Rangarajan Sobana P. , Barsukov Yevgen , Mukherjee Partha P.
Published: August 2019

In operando detection and quantification of lithium plating is critical toward understanding the deleterious consequences under operational extremes in Li-ion batteries.
Graphene:silver nanowire composite transparent electrode based flexible organic solar cells with 13.4% efficiency
Authors: Zhang Wenxia , Song Wei , Huang Jiaming , Huang Like , Yan Tingting , Ge Jinfeng , Peng Ruixiang , Ge Ziyi
Published: August 2019

Graphene:silver nanowire composite transparent electrode based flexible OSCs yield efficiency of 13.44% and unique mechanical flexibility. It retains 84.6% of initial PCE after bending one thousand times concavely at harsh bending radius (r = 2 mm).
Monolithic heteronanomat paper air cathodes toward origami-foldable/rechargeable Zn–air batteries
Authors: Lee Donggue , Lee Hansol , Gwon Ohhun , Kwon Ohhun , Jeong Hu Young , Kim Guntae , Lee Sang-Young
Published: August 2019

Monolithic heteronanomat (MH) paper air cathodes were demonstrated as a new electrode platform to enable origami-foldable Zn–air batteries with reliable rechargeability, highly efficient discharge/charge performance and exceptional foldability.
A conjugated polyaniline and water co-intercalation strategy boosting zinc-ion storage performances for rose-like vanadium oxide architectures
Authors: Zeng Jing , Zhang Zhonghua , Guo Xiaosong , Li Guicun
Published: August 2019

The conjugated polyaniline and water co-intercalating-vanadium oxide rose-like architectures with larger interlayer spacing and improved electronic conductivity display unprecedented electrochemical properties for low cost zinc battery application.
The effect of human platelet lysate on the differentiation ability of human adipose-derived stem cells cultured on ECM-coated surfaces
Authors: Gao Yan , Ku Nien-Ju , Sung Tzu-Cheng , Higuchi Akon , Hung Chi-Sheng , Lee Henry Hsin-Chung , Ling Qing-Dong , Cheng Nai-Chen , Umezawa Akihiro , Barro Lassina , Burnouf Thierry , Ye Qingsong , Chen Hao
Published: August 2019

Synchronized effects of cell culture materials and cell culture medium on osteoblast (left) and chondrocyte (right) differentiation were observed.
Synthesis, photophysical properties and surface chemistry of chalcopyrite-type semiconductor nanocrystals
Authors: Moodelly Davina , Kowalik Patrycja , Bujak Piotr , Pron Adam , Reiss Peter
Published: August 2019

This review gives an overview of the synthesis, photophysical properties, surface characterization/functionalization and some applications of chalcopyrite-type nanocrystals.
Dendritic host materials with non-conjugated adamantane cores for efficient solution-processed blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence OLEDs
Authors: Ma Zhihua , Dong Wenyue , Hou Jianhua , Duan Qian , Shao Shiyang , Wang Lixiang
Published: August 2019

Dendritic hosts containing non-conjugated adamantane cores are developed for solution-processed blue TADF OLEDs with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 18.3%.
Dynamic tailorable local luminescence patterns on single upconversion fluoride microcrystalsvia in situoxidation through laser irradiation
Authors: Gao Dangli , Zhao Dan , Xin Hong , Cai Anjiang , Zhang Xiangyu
Published: August 2019

The intrinsic reason for the dynamic luminescent pattern is due to anin situoxidation on NaYbF4:Ho3+microcrystals.
Tin thiocarbonohydrazone complexes: synthesis, crystal structures and biological evaluation
Authors: Wang Jin , Wang Yu-Ting , Fang Yan , Lu Yan-Li , Li Ming-Xue
Published: August 2019

In this article, three organotin complexes formulated as [(Me)2Sn(H2L1)] (1), [(Ph)2Sn(H2L1)]·MeOH (2) and [(Me)2Sn(HL2)(OAc)]4(Me)2O (3) (H4L1 = bis(2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) thiocarbohydrazone and H2L2 = bis(2-acetylpyrazine) thiocarbonohydrazone) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Growth inhibition assays indicated that both the proligands and the three complexes are capable of showing anticancer activity against the human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells with H2L2 and complex 3 showing much higher cytotoxic potential. Subsequent toxicity studies on normal QSG7701cells showed that complex 3 has the highest tumor cell selectivity, and its IC50 value on QSG7701 cells is 8.48 fold higher than that in HepG2 cells. In acute toxicity experiments, complex 3 produces a dose-dependent effect in NIH mice with a LD50 value of 17.2 mg kg−1.
Quantifying Tongue Tip Shape in Apical and Laminal /s/: Contributions of Palate Shape
Authors: Stone Maureen , Gomez Arnold D. , Zhuo Jiachen , Tchouaga Ange Lydie , Prince Jerry L.
Published: August 2019

Purpose

Anterior tongue shape during /s/ production is often described as “tip-up” or apical, versus “tip-down” or laminal. Typically, this is determined by observing the shape of the anterior midline tongue. The purpose of this study was to identify methods of curvature calculation that quantify the observed shape differences and to examine whether the shape differences were affected by palate shape. Previous work shows that palate height has some effect (Grimm et al., 2017).

Method

Four curvature-based measures were applied to a series of points selected along the tongue surface in midsagittal cine magnetic resonance images during speech. The measures were minimal curvature, averaged largest curvature (ALC), normalized ALC, and interpolated normalized ALC. These measures were compared to visual judgments of apical and laminal /s/. Anterior palate shape was measured from dental casts.

Results

The apical /s/ contained a flat or concave region in the anterior tongue, while the laminal /s/ had a convex shape along the entire tongue. Thus, the laminal shape was less complex than the apical. The last 2 metrics, based on averages of multiple normalized curvatures, captured this complexity difference. Subjects with a more steeply sloped anterior palate tended to use laminal /s/.

Conclusions

The tongue shape for the 2 /s/ types was best defined by complexity of the shape, rather than local anterior shape. Statistical quantities that measured curvature in multiple locations, and normalized across subjects, were best at distinguishing the 2 /s/ shapes. Interpolating additional points between the manually selected ones did not improve the method.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9733709
Improvement of a microseismic monitoring data‐transmission system based on a load‐balancing scheme and a high‐throughput polling mechanism
Authors: Sun Feng , Wen Xiaozhe , Chen Zubin , Zhu Yadongyang , Lv Hao
Published: August 2019

Microseismic monitoring technology has been used widely in the field of the monitoring of dynamic disaster in hydraulic fracturing. A cable‐less self‐positioning seismograph, developed by Jilin University, China, can record microseismic data and transmit data through wireless local area networks (WLANs). However, when the system is overseeing too many seismographs, load imbalance among the access points (APs) and channel congestion might prevent it from collecting all the data quickly enough for real‐time monitoring. This paper proposes a data‐transmission system that combines a load‐balancing scheme with a high‐throughput polling mechanism in WLANs to allow the real‐time transmission. The improved load‐balancing scheme allows all the seismographs to associate with the available APs and keeps load balance among the APs. During data transmission, the high‐throughput polling mechanism maximizes the total throughput in the WLANs and avoids throughput degradation due to fierce channel collision. Our experimental results show that the performance of the system is significantly improved compared with the original data‐transmission system. The time of acquire the data could be reduced by about 70% compared to origin method. The average data‐transmission speed of the system is improved 3.5 times relative to the original scheme so it is satisfying for real‐time monitoring.
Differential back‐pressure routing for single‐queue time‐varying wireless networks
Authors: Wang Nan , Zhao Hai , Hai Long
Published: August 2019

Dynamic resource control and routing are important for realising the intelligent control of data transmission in wireless multi‐hop networks. It is well known that back‐pressure routing based on a max‐weight policy maximises network throughput and optimises resource allocation in multi‐hop wireless networks with time‐varying channels. Due to the slow routing convergence and complex control of data queues, however, back‐pressure routing also results in large end‐to‐end delays and a waste of network resources, particularly when the network loads are light or moderate. In this study, a differential back‐pressure routing scheme with single‐queue management is proposed to improve the packet delay performance and simplify the management of data queues. Unlike in traditional back‐pressure routing, the authors use the differences in the rates of change in data queue length to calculate data pressure. Compared with the method of data backlog calculation based on queue length differences, this method achieves faster routing convergence. They also consider the ceiling problem for a single queue and enhance the effect of the queue cap on the routing metric by means of dynamic weighting. Simulation results show that the proposed routing algorithm achieves a 20% decrease in end‐to‐end delay in grid and random networks.
Intelligent user association algorithm in heterogeneous wireless cellular networks
Authors: Li Jianfei
Published: August 2019

In heterogeneous cellular networks, user association is the key for network performance. In addition, reasonable bandwidth allocation of backhaul network can make full use of network resources and thus improve network performance. In view of this, the authors propose an intelligent user association algorithm considering backhaul bandwidth allocation to maximise the weighted sum rate of network while guaranteeing the requirements of quality of service and avoiding the congestion of backhaul network. Firstly, they predict traffic of each base station using adaptive wavelet decomposition and back‐propagation neutral network, which considers the tradeoff between accuracy and complexity. The appropriate wavelet decomposition level can be adaptively selected according to the different mean and variance of traffic. Then, backhaul bandwidth is allocated to different base stations according to the predicted results. Finally, they adopt a method based on penalty function and Marks‐Wright algorithm, which transforms the mixed integer programming problem into a series of convex optimisation problems that can be solved iteratively, to complete the user association. The simulation results show that the prediction algorithm obviously reduces error and the association algorithm has fast convergence speed.
Directional modulation based on chaos scrambling and artificial noise for physical layer security enhancement
Authors: Liu Feng , Xie Jian , Zhang Wei , Wang Ling , Wang Yuexian
Published: August 2019

Directional modulation (DM), as an emerging promising physical layer security (PLS) transmission technique for wireless communications, has attracted much attention over the past decade. It endows transmitters the ability to directly transmit the confidential messages to legitimate receivers along with pre‐specified directions while distorting signal waveform signatures projected along all other spatial directions to guarantee the security of information transmission. Traditional DM designs are based on the assumption that eavesdroppers (Eves) and legitimate users (LUs) are in different directions. Nevertheless, it is not always the scenario in practical applications, as it is possible that Eves and LUs are in the same directions or even at the same positions, which results in that signals received by Eves will be approximately the same as LUs’. To address this problem, the chaos scrambling (CS) technique is employed in this paper. A DM technique based on CS and artificial noise (AN) is proposed for PLS enhancement. The symbol error rate, secrecy rate, and robustness of the proposed CS‐AN‐aided scheme are analysed and simulated. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method and the PLS can also be guaranteed even if Eves are aligning with the desired directions or very close to the LUs.
Joint caching and sleeping optimisation for D2D‐aided ultra‐dense network
Authors: Pei Li , Shen Gao , Yaoyue Hu , Zhiwen Pan , Xiaohu You
Published: August 2019

Device‐to‐device (D2D) communication provides the communication of the users in the vicinity and thereby decreases end‐to‐end delay and power consumption. More importantly, D2D communication enables offloading the traffic load of the base station (BS), and it is very suitable for caching, especially in ultra dense networks (UDNs). In this paper, a joint optimisation problem of collaborative caching and sleeping strategy based on energy‐delay tradeoff for D2D‐aided UDN is investigated. To solve the joint optimization problem, we decompose it into sleeping sub‐problem and collaborative caching sub‐problem. For sleeping subproblem, the optimal sleeping ratio is first derived, then, a delay‐aware sleeping strategy is proposed to obtain the local optimal sleeping scheme. For the collaborative caching subproblem, the suboptimal solution is obtained by distributed iterative method. In each iteration step, the suboptimal solution is derived by solving the combinatorial optimisation problem under Karush‐Kuhn‐Tucker conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms can coverage to the global solution. It also demonstrate that increasing caching capacity shortened mean delay, and benefitting from collaborative caching, delay performance and energy saving can be improved significantly. Moreover, it can be seen that combining the sleeping strategy with collaborative caching further reduced energy consumption by a considerable amount.
Relay selection scheme for device‐ to‐device based 3D millimetre‐wave cellular networks
Authors: Bachtobji Soumaya , Omri Aymen , Hassan Kais , Bouallegue Ridha , Raoof Kosai
Published: August 2019

Millimetre‐wave (mmWave) communication is a key technology for future cellular networks. However, mmWave signals may be limited in coverage since they are susceptible to blockages. In order to mitigate blockages effect and enhance the coverage probability, device‐to‐device relaying can be used to improve the direct link reliability. In this study, the authors propose a new communication scheme to enhance the successful transmission probability. This scheme is based on a selected user equipment relay that can assist the transmission from the base station (BS) to the target user. The selected relay is an available user that provides the minimum distance among the retained maximum distances (the distance between this relay and the served user, and that between the same relay and the serving BS). Based on the stochastic geometry and random shape theory, they derive the expressions of the probability density function, and the successful transmission probability within the proposed scheme under the Nakagami‐m fading assumption. Using numerical results, the derived expressions are evaluated, and the advantages of the proposed scheme are investigated. The results confirm the analytical derived expression. In addition, the performance of their proposed scheme in terms of coverage probability outperform the existing schemes.
Improvement in prediction of antigenic epitopes using stacked generalisation: an ensemble approach
Authors: Khanna Divya , Rana Prashant Singh
Published: August 2019

The major intent of peptide vaccine designs, immunodiagnosis and antibody productions is to accurately identify linear B‐cell epitopes. The determination of epitopes through experimental analysis is highly expensive. Therefore, it is desirable to develop a reliable model with significant improvement in prediction models. In this study, a hybrid model has been designed by using stacked generalisation ensemble technique for prediction of linear B‐cell epitopes. The goal of using stacked generalisation ensemble approach is to refine predictions of base classifiers and to get rid of the worse predictions. In this study, six machine learning models are fused to predict variable length epitopes (6–49 mers). The proposed ensemble model achieves 76.6% accuracy and average accuracy of repeated 10‐fold cross‐validation is 73.14%. The trained ensemble model has been tested on the benchmark dataset and compared with existing sequential B‐cell epitope prediction techniques including APCpred, ABCpred, BCpred and .
Effect of oxygen deficiency on vis‐light photocatalytic activity in AZO
Authors: Sun Xiaohui , Du Hong
Published: August 2019

Aluminium (Al)‐doped zinc oxide (ZnO) photocatalyst with surface oxygen vacancies was synthesised by one‐step hydrothermal method. The oxygen vacancies drawn into ZnO surface by Al doping can effectively enhance visible (vis)‐light photocatalytic activity. The crystal structure, chemical composition and morphology of Al‐doped ZnO (AZO) photocatalysts were characterised by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The optical property was characterised by ultraviolet–vis diffuse reflectance spectra. High‐resolution TEM and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra mainly confirm the existence of oxygen vacancies on the ZnO surface. Oxygen vacancies result in a narrowing of the bandgap (Eg = 2.92 eV) and an increase in the vis‐light absorption of the sample. AZO sample exhibits good cycling stability, and no obvious decrease in the photocatalytic activity was observed even after four cycles.
Discovery of two new magnesium-bearing species in IRC+10216: MgC3N and MgC4H
Authors: Cernicharo J. , Cabezas C. , Pardo J. R. , Agúndez M. , Bermúdez C. , Velilla-Prieto L. , Tercero F. , López-Pérez J. A. , Gallego J. D. , Fonfría J. P. , Quintana-Lacaci G. , Guélin M. , Endo Y.
Published: August 2019

We report on the detection of two series of harmonically related doublets in IRC +10216. From the observed frequencies, the rotational constant of the first series is B = 1380.888 MHz and that of the second series is B = 1381.512 MHz. The two series correspond to two species with a 2Σ electronic ground state. After considering all possible candidates, and based on quantum chemical calculations, the first series is assigned to MgC3N and the second to MgC4H. For the latter species, optical spectroscopy measurements support its identification. Unlike diatomic metal-containing molecules, the line profiles of the two new molecules indicate that they are formed in the outer layers of the envelope, as occurs for MgNC and other polyatomic metal-cyanides. We also confirm the detection of MgCCH that was previously reported from the observation of two doublets. The relative abundance of MgC3N with respect to MgNC is close to one while that of MgC4H relative to MgCCH is about ten. The synthesis of these magnesium cyanides and acetylides in IRC +10216 can be explained in terms of a two-step process initiated by the radiative association of Mg+ with large cyanopolyynes and polyynes followed by the dissociative recombination of the ionic complexes.
Utilization of low-grade BHQ iron ore by reduction roasting followed by magnetic separation for the production of magnetite-based pellet feed
Authors: Sahu Sachida Nanda , Sharma Karamjith , Barma Santosh Deb , Pradhan Prachiprava , Nayak Bijaya K. , Biswal Surendra K.
Published: August 2019

Due to the depletion of high-grade iron ores and their simultaneous demand, the utilization of low-grade iron ores such as banded hematite quartzite (BHQ) has become a topic of research interest around the globe, particularly in India. These low-grade iron ores are reckoned to be the future feedstock for iron and steel making industries. However, one of the major challenges is to remove associated gangue impurities from such low-grade iron ores by the conventional beneficiation techniques prior to its industrial applications. The reduction roasting process is one of the potential alternatives to overcome such challenges. Herein, we have presented the feasibility study using reduction roasting process on one of the Indian low-grade BHQ iron ore for the preparation of magnetite concentrate-based pellet feed materials. To establish the methodology of the reduction roasting process, different experimental parameters such as roasting temperature, reductant dosage, roasting time and fixed carbon were optimized for obtaining the maximum recovery, yield, and grade of the magnetite products. In the present study, Indian non-coking coals were used as reductant due to its large availability in the country. Using one of the non-coking coals as reductant, the optimum condition were found to be as, roasting temperature: 1100 °C, roasting time: 5 min, and head sample to reductant ratio: 10:6. Under these conditions, maximum grade and recovery of final magnetite concentrates were found to be 66.42 and 93.53%, respectively. It is expected that the large-scale development of reduction roasting process would lead to effective utilization of low and lean grade iron ore resources for the production pellet feed materials in the Indian context and simultaneously conserve the natural magnetite ores for future generation.
Curriculum for endoscopic submucosal dissection training in Europe: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement
Authors: Pimentel-Nunes Pedro , Pioche Mathieu , Albéniz Eduardo , Berr Frieder , Deprez Pierre , Ebigbo A. , Dewint Pieter , Haji Amyn , Panarese Alba , Weusten Bas L. A. M. , Dekker Evelien , East James E. , Sanders David S. , Johnson Gavin , Arvanitakis Marianna , Ponchon Thierry , Dinis-Ribeiro Mário , Bisschops Raf
Published: August 2019

Main Recommendation

There is a need for well-organized comprehensive strategies to achieve good training in ESD. In this context, the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) have developed a European core curriculum for ESD practice across Europe with the aim of high quality ESD training.

Advanced endoscopy diagnostic practice is advised before initiating ESD training. Proficiency in endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and adverse event management is recommended before starting ESD training

ESGE discourages the starting of initial ESD training in humans. Practice on animal and/or ex vivo models is useful to gain the basic ESD skills. ESGE recommends performing at least 20 ESD procedures in these models before human practice, with the goal of at least eight en bloc complete resections in the last 10 training cases, with no perforation. ESGE recommends observation of experts performing ESD in tertiary referral centers. Performance of ESD in humans should start on carefully selected lesions, ideally small ( < 30 mm), located in the antrum or in the rectum for the first 20 procedures. Beginning human practice in the colon is not recommended. ESGE recommends that at least the first 10 human ESD procedures should be done under the supervision of an ESD-proficient endoscopist.

Endoscopists performing ESD should be able to correctly estimate the probability of performing a curative resection based on the characteristics of the lesion and should know the benefit/risk relationship of ESD when compared with other therapeutic alternatives. Endoscopists performing ESD should know how to interpret the histopathology findings of the ESD specimen, namely the criteria for low risk resection (“curative”), local risk resection, and high risk resection (“non-curative”), as well as their implications. ESD should be performed only in a setting where early and delayed complications can be managed adequately, namely with the possibility of admitting patients to a ward, and access to appropriate emergency surgical teams for the organ being treated with ESD.
Ethnic Rhinoplasty
Authors: Cobo Roxana
Published: August 2019

Ethnic rhinoplasty traditionally has been used to define this surgical procedure performed on non-Caucasian patients. Because of globalization, massive migrations, and interracial mixing, ethnic patients today are considered mixed race patients. Surgical techniques should be based not on what ethnic group they belong to but on anatomical findings and patients' needs and wishes. Preservation techniques are presented and structural approaches are discussed using sutures and grafts. The final objectives of rhinoplasty are better definition, more refined appearance, and compliance with patients' aesthetic ideals while preserving function.
Elbow Arthrodesis Using a Medially Positioned Plate in 6 Dogs
Authors: McCarthy Jessica , Comerford Eithne J. , Innes John F. , Pettitt Rob A.
Published: August 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to report the surgical technique, associated complications and clinical outcome of elbow arthrodesis using a medially positioned plate.

Study Design This was a retrospective case series.

Results Six cases met the inclusion criteria. In all cases, the elbow was approached medially without the requirement for ulnar osteotomy. A non-locking 2.7/3.5- mm pre-contoured elbow arthrodesis plate was applied in 5/6 cases and a 2.0-mm String of Pearls plate applied in one case. The mean angle of arthrodesis was 118° (range: 113–130°). One major intraoperative complication occurred. Three minor and 3 major postoperative complications occurred. Postoperative imaging was available for 5/6 cases. Complete arthrodesis was confirmed by imaging in 4/5 cases, partial progression of arthrodesis was documented in 1/5 cases and no further images were deemed necessary. Postoperative Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs score was available for two cases with scores of 20/52 and 10/52, respectively. Subjective outcomes in the remaining three cases were rated as acceptable more than 1 year postoperatively.

Conclusion Positioning the plate medially for elbow arthrodesis simplified the surgical approach, could be performed with a pre-contoured plate and allowed successful revision of an arthrodesis previously stabilized with a caudally positioned plate. The cases in this series had acceptable outcomes despite a high risk of complications.
Nurses' Perception of Family-Centered Care in Neonatal Intensive Care Units
Authors: Heidari Haydeh , Mardani-Hamooleh Marjan
Published: August 2019

Family-centered care (FCC) is one of the important elements of care in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The aim of this study was to understand the nurses' perception of FCC in NICUs. This qualitative study was performed using conventional content analysis. Participants in this study included 18 nurses who were selected by a purposeful method. Semistructured, in-depth and face-to-face interviews were conducted with the participants. All interviews were written down, reviewed, and analyzed. Two categories were identified after the data analysis: (1) prerequisite for providing FCC and (2) parents' participation. Prerequisite for providing FCC consisted of two subcategories namely suitable facilities and adequate personnel. Parents' participation included subcategories of parents: neonate's attachment and parents' training. Nurses' perception of FCC in NICUs can facilitate an appropriate condition for the participation of family members in the care of neonates.
Functional Outcome following Headless Compression Screw Fixation for Hamate Fractures
Authors: van Rijckevorsel Veronique A.J.I.M. , Selles Caroline A. , van der Vlies Cornelis H. , Cleffken Berry I. , Schep Niels W.L.
Published: August 2019

Hamate fractures can be treated nonoperatively, with the percutaneous Kirschner wire (K-wire) fixation, or with excision of a fractured hook of the hamate. Screw fixation is less popular owing to the risk of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury. The aim of this study was to present the functional results of patients with hamate fractures treated with headless compression screws (HCS). The primary outcome was the Michigan Hand Outcome Questionnaire (MHOQ) after at least 4 months of follow-up. Nine patients were included in this retrospective cohort study. A median MHOQ total score of 67% was reported (interquartile range [IQR]: 44–76). No complications were found during follow-up. HCS fixation is a safe alternative to treat hamate fractures with good functional outcome. This is a Level IV study.
Sport nach Knie- und Hüftendoprothetik
Authors: Boettner Friedrich
Published: August 2019

Sport zu treiben, hat einen positiven Einfluss auf die Lebensqualität bis ins hohe Alter. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass der Anteil an Patienten zunimmt, die nach
einer Endoprothesenoperation sportlich aktiv sein wollen. Durch heute verfügbare Implantate und angepasste Fixierung kann sich dieser Wunsch auch für
Menschen mit Gelenkprothese erfüllen.
Electronic and nuclear flux dynamics at a conical intersection
Authors: Schaupp Thomas , Engel Volker
Published: August 2019

A combined electronic-nuclear wave packet motion is accompanied by temporal changes of probability flux densities. Using a two dimensional model, we study such densities in the vicinity of a conical intersection (CI) between the potential energy surfaces of two electronically excited states. When the dynamics is accompanied by an efficient population transfer, the electronic flux density behaves nearly time-independent although the nuclear flux does not. The second case involves a nuclear motion where the CI is surrounded. There, the nuclear wave packet undergoes a bifurcation, and the electronic density shows characteristics of a rotation. The electronic flux, however, exhibits a constant directional dynamics during the nuclear motion. The geometrical phase which appears in comparing the nuclear dynamics derived from the coupled motion and the Born-Oppenheimer calculation is also seen in the nuclear flux dynamics.
A duet and/or a concerto?
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yu Dewei
Published: August 2019

Working memory and interpreting expertise are generally acknowledged as two essential factors that affect the
interpreting process. With reference to the compensation model, the independent influences model, and the rich-get-richer model
proposed in cognitive psychology concerning the interplay between working memory and domain expertise, this experimental study, by
varying the delivery speed of the source speech, examines the interplay between working memory and interpreting expertise in the
setting of simultaneous interpreting. This study finds that (1) working memory and interpreting expertise can each have a positive
impact on simultaneous interpreting quality; (2) other factors being equal, interpreting expertise can have a greater impact on
simultaneous interpreting than working memory, and when the interpreting task proves more challenging, interpreting expertise can
help relieve the pressure triggered by inadequate working memory; (3) working memory and interpreting expertise function
differently in simultaneous interpreting in different stages: for beginner interpreting students, working memory’s contribution to
the quality of simultaneous interpreting is more prominent, while for advanced interpreting students, interpreting expertise plays
a more direct and prominent role, and the composite influence of working memory and interpreting expertise on simultaneous
interpreting performance is weakened due to the increasing impact of other factors.
An overview of cassava mosaic disease and its implications for the productivity of cassava in Sierra Leone.
Authors: Samura A. E. , Fomba S. N.
Published: August 2019

This paper provides current information on the importance of cassava, characteristics of cassava farms, distribution of cassava mosaic disease (CMD), management practices and potential of resistant varieties to mitigate against the effects of CMD in Sierra Leone. There is a high prevalence of African cassava mosaic virus in Sierra Leone and East African cassava mosaic virus has also been detected recently. Improvement in the deployment of CMD-resistant varieties has had a positive effect of increasing the area under cultivation of improved varieties. Much has to be done in the area of early detection and diagnosis for the management of CMD. More effort must be placed on the breeding of cassava genotypes that meet the food, traditional and cultural needs of farmers as well as the industrial needs for commercialization.
Proprioception is not associated with lower extremity injuries in U21 high‐level football players
Authors: Namazi Parisa , Zarei Mostafa , Abbasi Hamed , Hovanloo Fariborz , Rommers Nikki , Rössler Roland
Published: August 2019

Football is a contact sport with a significant risk of injury. Although proprioception is well studied in rehabilitation, little is known about the association between proprioception and the occurrence of sport injuries. The purpose of this study was to look into the association between ankle and knee proprioception and lower extremity injuries in young football players. Seventy‐three football players from the highest U‐21 league in Iran volunteered to participate in this study. Before the start of the 2017–2018 competitive season, joint position sense was measured at 30°, 60° and 90° knee flexion and at 10° and 15° ankle dorsiflexion, and inversion using the Biodex Isokinetic pro 4 system. The teams’ medical staff recorded football‐related lower extremity injuries. We used mixed effects Cox regression models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs, acknowledging the clustered data structure. Twenty‐two players (30.1%) suffered one or more lower extremity injuries during the season. None of the proprioception measures examined was significantly associated with the risk of lower extremity injuries. Based on these results of our sample, joint position sense does not seem to be associated with lower extremity injuries in young male football players.
Lump-type solutions of a generalized Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation in (3+1)-dimensions*
Authors: Cheng Xue-Ping , Ma Wen-Xiu , Yang Yun-Qing
Published: August 2019

Through the Hirota bilinear formulation and the symbolic computation software Maple, we construct lump-type solutions for a generalized (3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation in three cases of the coefficients in the equation. Then the sufficient and necessary conditions to guarantee the analyticity of the resulting lump-type solutions (or the positivity of the corresponding quadratic solutions to the associated bilinear equation) are discussed. To illustrate the generality of the obtained solutions, two concrete lump-type solutions are explicitly presented, and to analyze the dynamic behaviors of the solutions specifically, the three-dimensional plots and contour profiles of these two lump-type solutions with particular choices of the involved free parameters are well displayed.
Polymer/silica hybrid waveguide Y-branch power splitter with loss compensation based on NaYF4:Er3+, Yb3+ nanocrystals*
Authors: Fu Yue-Wu , Sun Tong-He , Zhang Mei-Ling , Zhang Xu-Cheng , Wang Fei , Zhang Da-Ming
Published: August 2019

A polymer waveguide Y-branch power splitter with loss compensation is proposed based on NaYF4:Er3+, Yb3+ nanocrystals prepared by a high temperature thermal decomposition method. The Y-branch power splitter is designed as a structure of embedded waveguide, and its core material is nanocrystals-doped SU-8. The insertion loss of the device is ∼15 dB. For an input signal power of 0.05 mW and a pump power of 267.7 mW, the two branches with 5.81-dB and 5.41-dB loss compensations at 1530 nm are achieved respectively. A polymer waveguide Y-branch power splitter with loss compensation has an important research significance.
Numerical simulation on dynamic behaviors of bubbles flowing through bifurcate T-junction in microfluidic device*
Authors: Wu Liang-Yu , Liu Ling-Bo , Han Xiao-Tian , Li Qian-Wen , Yang Wei-Bo
Published: August 2019

Based on the volume of fluid (VOF) method, a numerical model of bubbles splitting in a microfluidic device with T-junction is developed and solved numerically. Various flow patterns are distinguished and the effects of bubble length, capillary number, and diameter ratio between the mother channel and branch are discussed. The break-up mechanism is explored in particular. The results indicate that the behaviors of the bubbles can be classified into two categories: break-up and non-break. Under the condition of slug flowing, the branches are obstructed by the bubbles that the pressure difference drives the bubbles into break-up state, while the bubbles that retain non-break state flow into an arbitrary branch under bubbling flow condition. The break-up of the short bubbles only occurs when the viscous force from the continuous phase overcomes the interfacial tension. The behavior of the bubbles transits from non-break to break-up with the increase of capillary number. In addition, the increasing of the diameter ratio is beneficial to the symmetrical break-up of the bubbles.
Theoretical framework for geoacoustic inversion by adjoint method*
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhao Xiao-Feng
Published: August 2019

Traditional geoacoustic inversions are generally solved by matched-field processing in combination with meta-heuristic global searching algorithms which usually need massive computations. This paper proposes a new physical framework for geoacoustic retrievals. A parabolic approximation of wave equation with non-local boundary condition is used as the forward propagation model. The expressions of the corresponding tangent linear model and the adjoint operator are derived, respectively, by variational method. The analytical expressions for the gradient of the cost function with respect to the control variables can be formulated by the adjoint operator, which in turn can be used for optimization by the gradient-based method.
Characterize and optimize the four-wave mixing in dual-interferometer coupled silicon microrings*
Authors: Wu Chao , Liu Yingwen , Gu Xiaowen , Xue Shichuan , Yu Xinxin , Kong Yuechan , Qiang Xiaogang , Wu Junjie , Zhu Zhihong , Xu Ping
Published: August 2019

By designing and fabricating a series of dual-interferometer coupled silicon microrings, the coupling condition of the pump, signal, and idler beams can be engineered independently and then we carried out both the continuous-wave and pulse pumped four-wave mixing experiments to verify the dependence of conversion efficiency on the coupling conditions of the four interacting beams, respectively. Under the continuous-wave pump, the four-wave mixing efficiency gets maximized when both the pump and signal/idler beams are closely operated at the critical coupling point, while for the pulse pump case, the efficiency can be enhanced greatly when the pump and converted idler beams are all overcoupled. These experiment results agree well with our theoretical calculations. Our design provides a platform for explicitly characterizing the four-wave mixing under different pumping conditions, and offers a method to optimize the four-wave mixing, which will facilitate the development of on-chip all-optical signal processing with a higher efficiency or reduced pump power.
Solution to Non-Linear Exponential Diophantine Equation 13
x
+ 31
y
= z
2
Authors: Sugandha A , Tripena A , Prabowo A
Published: August 2019

Linear Diophantine Equation is a polynomial equation with degree 1 and non-zero integer coefficient. The general form of Diophantine Linear equation with 2 variables is ax + by = c with a, b, c ϵ Z and a, b ≠ 0 . This may be stated as congruency ax ≡ b ( mod m) . Therefore, Diophantine Linear equation ax + by = c may be solved if and only if the equivalent of congruency ax ≡ b (mod m ) may be solved. If the Linear Diophantine Equation has solution, the solution will be integer pair x and y which fulfills equation ax + by = c . Differently with Non-linear Diophantine equation, there is no standard method to find the solution. There are 3 possibilities related to the solution of Diophantine equation, either linear or non-linear. The solution may be single solution, multiple solutions or no solution. This research will discuss the solution of non-linear exponential Diophantine equation 13
x
+ 31
y
= z
2 using the congruency theory. The methods used may be simulation, literature study and journal. Using the congruency theory, it is found that Non-Linear Exponential Diophantine equation 13
x
+ 31
y
= z
2 has no solution, for x, y, z of integers.
Multi-Attribute Decision Making Model for Acceptance of Prospective Corporate Employees with Interpolation Method
Authors: Kurnianda Nia Rahma
Published: August 2019

PT PERSADA is one of the companies engaged in the field of labor management. Partner satisfaction is the most important thing for PT PERSADA; therefore in providing maximum service to partners PT. PERSADA, it requires a workforce that can serve the needs of companies with qualifications that can provide maximum benefits and low costs for the company. This can be seen and calculated from the criteria given by the company for the selection process of the prospective employees and of course different in each function of the job required. In supporting PT PERSADA to make decisions on the acceptance of these corporate employees, we propose an evaluation mechanism using the interpolation method. The interpolation method that we use is to convert the criteria value, then give the value of the numeric format after being compared with the minimum requirements of the position. After that we calculated the rating of each criterion per alternative (per candidate) and gave a rating recommendation based on the results of the candidate rating. The final result we got from the assessment mechanism was to get recommendations from prospective corporate employees with high benefits and low costs for the company.
What is the Problem with Mathematical Problems Posing?
Authors: Puspitasari N , Suryadi D , Sumarmo U , Margana A
Published: August 2019

Mathematical problem posing is students’ low mathematical abilities. This is because the teacher is not used to compiling tests that can do this. What form of question is a mathematical problem posing problem? Presented several examples of mathematical problem posing problems in this article. Data collection is done by surveying 120 students of class XI. Based on the survey results there are several indicators included in the difficult category, including: arranging problems before, during, and after solving problems, arranging new problems for structured situations.