bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Difficult Laparoscopic Appendectomy in Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Karki Mukesh , Belbase Narayan
Published: December 2021

IntroductionAcute appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency of the abdomen and appendectomy is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures. Laparoscopic appendectomy is one of the commonest surgical procedure in most of the tertiary center and is being an effective alternative to open appendectomy. Despite continuing evolution in laparoscopic appendectomy, this procedure continue to carry the risk of conversion to openappendectomy. The objective was to analyze the factor, identify the predictors for difficult laparoscopic appendectomy.
MethodsThe study was conducted in College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur. All patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy from 1st January 2020 to 30th December 2020 were included in the study after taking written informed consent. A detailed performa was developed to record informationregarding patient history, physical examination, laboratory parameters, ultrasonography findings, CT findings and intra-operative details. Laparoscopic appendectomy done in more than 120 minutes, converted into open due to difficulty in surgery and not due to complications, severe adhesions were considered to be a case of difficult appendectomy.
ResultsIn our study total 94 patients underwent laparoscopic appendectomy among which 16 (17.02%) cases had difficult appendectomy. The incidence of difficult appendectomy was higher among older age group, male sex, long duration of symptoms, high white blood cell count, difficult anatomy, pre existing co-morbid condition, extreme findings on computed tomography and ultrasonography (USG). Operating time, anaesthetic time, and duration of hospital stay werelonger after difficult appendectomy. 
ConclusionsIdentifying the potential factors for conversion preoperatively may assist the surgeons in making decisions concerning the management of patients with appendicitis and in the judicious use of laparoscopic appendectomy. From our study we found that independent predictors for difficult appendectomy are old age, male sex, prolonged duration of symptoms, high white blood cellcount, higher body mass index (BMI), extreme inflammation in computed tomography scan and ultrasonography. Proceeding directly with open appendectomy under these circumstances may reduce operative time, reduce hospital stay and morbidity.
Keywords: Acute appendicitis, Laparoscopic appendectomy, Open appendectomy, Conversion
Population status and breeding ecology of Black Kite Milvus migrans (Boddaert, 1783) in Pokhara Valley, Nepal
Authors: Khand Namuna , Adhikaree Shaligram , Kharel Milan , Gautam Ramji
Published: December 2021

The present study attempted to provide basic knowledge on population status, breeding success and general behaviours of Black kites in the Pokhara Valley of Nepal. Nesting and roosting sites were directly observed to count the bird in the fields during the study period from December 2019 to May 2020. A total of 308 individuals of Black kites were recorded. The highest and least number was recorded in February (n=67) and May (n=31) respectively. The breeding success was found to be 47.22%. The average height, girth and canopy cover of the nesting tree were found at 16.59m, 2.23m and 63.30% respectively. About 67% of nests observed were found active during the breeding season. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient showed a perfect positive relationship between the number of chicks and the number of the nest (r = 1). Bombax ceiba and Dalbergia sissoo were the trees on which the maximum number of nests were observed.
ПРО КВАДРАТНЕ КОРІННЯ В СИСТЕМІ ЗАЛИШКОВИХ КЛАСІВ
Authors: Поліський Ю.Д.
Published: December 2021

В роботі досліджено систему залишкових класів щодо можливості реалізації немодульної операції знаходження квадратного кореня по модулю.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ МЕТОДІВ DATA MINING ДЛЯ ОБРОБКИ МОВНОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ
Authors: Шумейко О. , Сотник В.С. , Жульковська І.І. , Жульковський О.О.
Published: December 2021

Зі збільшенням обсягів інформації, отриманої у результаті роботи інформаційних систем і процесів, у ході діяльності підприємств або іншої діяльності людства, обробка й аналіз даних стають значно складними. Для первинної обробки інформації з метою її структурування, виділення характерних ознак, узагальнення, сортування тощо застосовують Data Mining або інтелектуальний аналіз даних.

Важливим складником Data Mining є обробка текстової інформації. Такого роду задачі опираються на поняття класифікації й кластеризації.

Як показали отримані результати, наївний баєсівський класифікатор достатньо ефективно може використовуватися для розробки програмного забезпечення з обробки мовної інформації. Проте, у подальшому бажано як параметри розглядати також ланцюжки з декількох слів. У самому алгоритмі для запобігання втрат точності на довгих текстах потрібно використовувати замість перемножування ймовірностей (частот) додавання їх логарифмів.
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ВПЛИВУ ТЕРТЯ НА СТІЙКІСТЬ ПРОЦЕСУ І СИЛОВІ ПАРАМЕТРИ ПРИ ПРОКАТУВАННІ В СУЧАСНОМУ ДРОТОВОМУ БЛОЦІ
Authors: Максименко О.П. , Нікулін О.В. , Приймак А.Б. , Кривов В.В.
Published: December 2021

Високошвидкісна прокатка є основою при виготовленні катанки на сучасних металургійних підприємствах. Для досягнення необхідних показників користуються рішеннями виробничих технічних і технологічних проблем, в основу яких положено наукові аналіз та обґрунтування. Однак у теорії прокатування існує ряд проблем, які враховують вплив тертя на параметри процесу і знаходяться в стадії розв’язування. При дослідженні впливу дисипативних сил, які визначаються коефіцієнтом тертя, користувалися спільним розв’язанням диференціального рівняння рівноваги виділеного в осередку деформації елементарного об’єму і рівнянням пластичності зі знаходженням середньо інтегральної поздовжньої сили. Розроблено і обґрунтовано нові граничні умови прокатки при сталому режимі, які є більш жорсткими у порівнянні з відомими в класичній теорії. Проведено модельні дослідження процесу безперервної прокатки зі зміною коефіцієнту тертя та натягом смуги. За допомогою моделі високошвидкісного процесу прокатки були проаналізовані умови стійкого прокатування в клітях дротяного блоку сучасного сортового стану при виготовленні катанки діаметром 5,5 мм. Показано, що на величини міжклітьових натягів певний вплив мають умови тертя в контакті інструменту з металом всіх десяти клітей дротяного блоку. Доведено, що зі збільшенням коефіцієнта тертя стійкість і стабільність процесу прокатки зростають по всій лінії дротяного блоку.
РОЗВИТОК ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОГО МЕТОДУ БАЛАНСУ ПОТУЖНОСТЕЙ НА ОСНОВІ РОЗШИРЕННЯ БАЗИ КІНЕМАТИЧНИХ МОДУЛІВ СКЛАДНОЇ КОНФІГУРАЦІЇ
Authors: Грудкіна Н.С. , Алієв І.С. , Малій Х.В. , Левченко В.М.
Published: December 2021

В даній роботі розвинуто можливості застосування енергетичного методу балансу потужностей для моделювання процесів холодного видавлювання складнопрофільованих деталей за рахунок розширення бази уніфікованих кінематичних модулів складної конфігурації. У якості альтернативи прямокутним кінематичним модулям запропоновані кінематичні модулі трапецеїдальної та трикутної форми  з виробленням рекомендацій щодо ефективного їх застосування, до дозволило врахувати вплив конструктивних особливостей та поверхонь розділу течії металу всередині заготовки та отримати дані з енергосилових параметрів та формоутворення, що відповідають дійсності.
МАТЕМАТИЧНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ТА ПОРІВНЯННЯ ДИНАМІКИ УДАРІВ ПО ДВОХ ВИДАХ ЖИЛЕТІВ ДЛЯ ЄДИНОБОРСТВ
Authors: Грищенко А.А. , Красніков К.С.
Published: December 2021

У різних стилях бойових мистецтв широко використовуються захисні засоби. Серед них можна перелічити такі як: захист для голені, шолом, захист кисті руки, протиударний жилет та інші. Однак ці засоби не можна назвати повністю досконалими, тому що навіть з ними спортсмени отримують травми. Отже засоби захисту спортсмена потребують удосконалення. Наприклад, жилети які виробляють для захисту від ударів у корпус людини, виробляють повність із твердого матеріалу, наприклад, товстий підшарок із паралону. Але така модель захисту не дозволяє розподілити енергію, яка виробляється під час удару по всій поверхні корпусу. Тобто удар приходиться на якусь окрему ділянку корпусу, куди вдарили спортсмена. В нашій роботі ми запропонували іншу модель захисного жилету, яка дозволяє розподілити енергію від удару на весь корпус, а отже зменшити больові відчуття і травми під час бою. Основна ідея нашого захисного жилету полягає у тому, що всередині нього існує повітряний прошарок. У результаті цього під час удару енергія розподіляється рівномірно по всьому корпусу.

Метою роботи є створення математичної моделі, яка описує фізичні процеси, що відбуваються під час удару в захисний жилет з повітрям всередині.

Завдання роботи: порівняти ці процеси з процесами, що відбуваються у звичайному захисному безповітряному жилеті.

На основі отриманих результатів математичного моделювання динаміки ударів у жилетах двох різних типів, робиться висновок, що запропонована модель жилету з повітрям всередині розподіляє енергію вдвічі краще, ніж звичайний безповітряний аналог. Завдяки повітрю всередині, енергія від удару передається частинками у більшому об’єм у жилеті, і таким чином зменшується навантаження на місце удару. Тому запропонована модель жилета може бути рекомендована для використання в різних видах єдиноборств як більш ефективний аналог звичайного жилета.

У майбутньому можна вдосконалити математичну модель, використовуючи симетрію щодо точки удару, якщо вона відбувається в центрі жилета, що значно скоротить час обчислень на комп’ютері та збільшить адекватність. Крім того, аби математична модель краще відповідала дійсності, буде корисно розробити тривимірну модель жилета.
Barriers and facilitators related to HCV treatment uptake among HIV coinfected populations in Canada: Patient and treatment provider perceptions
Authors: Ortiz-Paredes David , Amoako Afia , Lessard David , Engler Kim , Lebouché Bertrand , Klein Marina B
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) uptake is challenging across HIV-hepatitis C (HCV) coinfected populations. This study sought to identify barriers and facilitators related to DAA uptake in priority populations in Canada. METHODS: This qualitative descriptive study included 11 people living with HIV with a history of HCV and 15 HCV care providers. Participants were part of either nominal groups (n = 4) or individual interviews (n = 6) in which they identified and ranked barriers and facilitators to DAA uptake. Consolidated lists of barriers and facilitators were identified thematically. RESULTS: Patient participants highly ranked the following barriers: competing priorities and needs (ie, social instability and mental health), delays in care, lack of adherence, and polypharmacy. Provider participant top barriers were the following: competing priorities and needs (ie, social chaos), delays in care (eg, systemic barriers, difficulties engaging patients, lack of trained HCV providers), and HCV-related stigma. Patient participants identified having a strong network of health care providers, family, and friends, possessing intrinsic motivation, and DAAs being a simple and tolerable oral treatment as important facilitators. Provider participant top-ranked facilitators were having resources to identify hard-to-reach populations (eg, patient navigation, outreach), holistic care and addiction management, provider HCV education, and a strong network of interprofessional collaboration. CONCLUSION: The barriers to DAA initiation addressed by patients and providers overlapped, with some nuances. Multidisciplinary care fostering a strong supportive network and intrinsically motivated patients along with HCV education emerged as key facilitators. This study provides insights for developing potential strategies to improve DAA uptake among HIV-HCV coinfected people in Canada.
Temperature, Strain, and Magnetic Field Measurements
Authors: Sparks L. L.
Published: December 2021

This chapter discusses three measurements parameters: temperature, strain, and magnetic field strength. It stresses the measurement of temperature because it is the primary variable in nearly all low-temperature material properties. The chapter contains information on methods and auxiliary materials. Areas of frequent concern, such as thermal contact, heat leak, thermal anchoring, thermal conductivity of greases, insulators, lead wires, ground loops, and feedthroughs are also reviewed. The chapter provides an overview and historical development of temperature scales because the practical use of all thermometers is associated with some approximation of the thermodynamic temperature scale. A short section is devoted to types of temperature measuring devices. The characteristics of commercially available resistance-type strain gauges at low temperatures are stressed.
Kudüs'ün Şahitliği
Authors: UYAN Mahmut
Published: December 2021

Kadim ve kutsal bir şehir olan Kudüs, kurulduğundan günümüze kadar birçok medeniyete kucak açmış ve birçok medeniyeti etkilemiştir. Birçok devletin hükümdar ve komutanı onu ele geçirmeye çalışmış ya da ele geçirmiştir. Bunlardan başlıcaları: Mısırlılar, Babiller, Sasaniler, Romalılar, Müslümanlar, Haçlılar ve son olarak Siyonist Yahudilerdir. Bunlardan kimisi kutsal şehri yakıp yıkarken ve ahalisini katlederken, kimisi ise onun kutsiyetine saygı gösterip barış yurdu olma özelliğini muhafaza etmiş ve ahalisine merhamet göstermiştir. Başta Mescid-i Aksa’nın taşları olmak üzere Kudüs’ün her bir taşı bunların zihniyet farklılığına ve bu zihniyet farklılığının yansımalarına şahitlik etmiştir/etmektedir. Bu çalışmada Kudüs şehrinin kuruluşundan en son 1187 yılında Selahaddin Eyyubi tarafından fethine kadar ona hâkim olan ve hâkim olmak isteyenlerin tarihi karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınacaktır. Bu karşılaştırmada Haçlıların 1099 yılında Kudüs’ü istila etmeleri ile Selahaddin Eyyubi’nin 1187 yılında fethetmesi üzerine daha çok durulacaktır. Bu yapılırken hem batılı hem de doğulu kaynaklara müracaat edilecek. Onlar bir bakıma Kudüs’ün hem şahitliğine ışık tutacak hem de ona tercüman olacaktır. Bunun için de onlardan doğrudan alıntı yapmaktan kaçınılmayacaktır.
Evaluation of the ecological and geochemical state of surface water in Donbas
Authors: Yakovliev Ye. O. , Splodytel А. О. , Chumachenko S. М.
Published: December 2021

The article covers evaluation of the ecological and geochemical state of surface water and bottom sediments in Donbas, as well as their pollution resulting from spatio-temporal changes of natural and anthropogenic factors. It was established that chemogenic pollution occurs due to penetration of polluting elements into surface water as a result of filtration leaks from sedimentation tanks and water discharges made by enterprises of coal, chemical, metallurgical, coke-chemical and petrochemical industries. Increased concentrations of biogenic elements (mineral forms of nitrogen and iron) were recorded in the water of the Siverskyi Donets and the Luhan Rivers. The most significant deterioration of groundwater quality because of high content of sulfates and chlorides is observed within the watersheds of the Luhan River's valley.

Measurement results of the metals content indicated an increased content of copper and manganese. Some values even exceed the average annual concentrations specified by the existing normative values. In general, the results of the pollutants content analysis in the river basins under study did not reveal significant changes in the content of heavy metals during the period of military actions as compared to the results of government monitoring by 2014. The obtained experimental data indicate that vanadium, chromium and copper dominate in bottom sediments of all the studied objects. The greatest accumulation of heavy metals is observed in the Bakhmutka River and the Kryvyi Torets River. The research established that copper and plumbum in the bottom sediment samples taken from the Kryvyi Torets exceed the background values by 4-5 times. Zinc and vanadium exceed the background content values by 10 and 4 times, respectively. The same indicators are slightly lower in the Volyntsevske Reservoir and this fact is associated with more intense processes of water exchange and certain peculiarities of bottom sediments granulometric composition. Concentration of zinc is 3 times as much as the background level, vanadium and manganese – twice as much.

Heavy metals in the bottom sediments of the studied water bodies are characterized by uneven distribution. Vanadium and copper dominate in the content of bottom sediments. Concentrations of zinc, vanadium and nickel at certain objects also exceed their regional background content values. Titanium was detected in minimum quantities.
STRESS INFLUENCE ON PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF ACADEMIC STAFF AND STRESS MANAGEMENT IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Scienсes of Ukraine, S. H. Каchmarchyk
Published: December 2021

Subject under consideration in the article is the problem of stress in professional activity of academic staff. It has revealed modern scientific ideas about stress. The reasons, manifestations, consequences of professional stress of a university lecturer have been analyzed on the basis of applied sociological research conducted among the academic staff of National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. The article presents the research results of professional stress impact on professional activity of academic staff. It has been shown that the professional activity of a lecturer is accompanied by numerous stress factors that determine professional stress and have negative influence on his/her professional activity effectiveness. It has been noted that the violation of adaptive mechanisms, low stress resistance with prolonged chronic influence of stress factors, leads to a number of psychosomatic diseases. The strategies of overcoming behavior in stressful situations have been studied among the scientific and pedagogical staff of NULES of Ukraine. The features of overcoming professional stress among teachers with different stress levels have been revealed. Gender characteristics of higher school teachers have been established: a high susceptibility of women to stress, due to their expressiveness, the desire for success in professional career and in personal life, as well as a high frequency of stress development among young teachers, since they have to gain credibility with students. It has been identified that professional stress among teachers with working experience is mainly due to numerous educational reforms and toughening requirements. The importance of stress resistance has been noted, which is associated with innate qualities, but can be strengthened by competent planning and administration responsibilities, the creation of a comfortable working environment by the heads of the faculties and departments, the work of psychologists and the lecturers themselves.
UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ARCHETYPES AS COMPONENTS OF CULTURE
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Scienсes of Ukraine, V.М. Kavun
Published: December 2021

Purpose of research systematization of information about Ukrainian national archetypes, determination of their characteristics and ways of influencing the formation of Ukrainian culture. Methodology. In achieving this goal, the following research methods were applied: historical, observation, analysis, comparison, periodization method, generalization of the problem studied. Scientific Novelty is to determine the role of Ukrainian national archetypes in the formation and development of culture. Conclusions. Cultural archetypes and historical forms form the foundations of any national culture, including Ukrainian. They determine its content and functional integrity. The basis of our research was the Jungian concept, according to which socio-cultural development provides for a vivid embodiment of archetypes in a particular culture, and vice versa, inhibition of social processes through the absence of a specific archetype. The very concept of an archetype remains multifaceted and voluminous.Ukrainian national cultural archetypes are clearly expressed in myths, legends, fairy tales, customs and rituals, traditions, folklore, which summarizes the experience of our ancestors.
Pengembangan Sistem Pemantauan dan Deteksi Serangan pada Ekosistem Rumah Cerdas
Authors: Hariyadi Dedy , Setiawan Chanief Budi , Setiyadi Barep
Published: December 2021

It is predicted that the growth of smart devices installed in the smart home ecosystem will increase in the future. Smart devices that are connected to each other using wired or wireless networks that have the potential for security holes are attacked by threat actors. Whereas a house is a place that provides comfort for its residents. An attack on the smart home ecosystem allows the operation of the smart home ecosystem to be disrupted or personal information stolen to be used by irresponsible parties. To face the high wave of smart home implementation in the future with potential security holes that always accompany it. This is in accordance with the principle that no system is 100% secure. In this study, attacks on wireless networks can be detected as anomalous traffic. Monitoring and detection in the smart home ecosystem involves supporting components such as sensors, access points, gateway collectors and analysis stacks.
Pemetaan Kerentanan Tsunami untuk Mendukung Ketahanan Wilayah Pesisir
Authors: Isdianto Andik , Kurniasari Diah , Subagiyo Aris , Haykal Muchamad Fairuz , Supriyadi Supriyadi
Published: December 2021

Tsunami merupakan bencana yang jarang terjadi namun cukup memberikan kerusakan yang parah terhadap daerah pesisir yang terkena dampaknya. Banyaknya korban jiwa dan juga harta benda disebabkan oleh kurangnya kesiapan masyarakat dalam menghadapi bencana tsunami, sehingga perlu adanya studi tentang ketahanan wilayah pesisir dalam menghadapi bencana tsunami. Langkah awal untuk membangun ketahanan bencana tsunami adalah mengidentifikasi karakteristik ancaman, kerentanan dan resiko bencana tsunami. Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) digunakan dalam memetakan kerentanan suatu daerah terhadap bencana tsunami, dengan parameter kerentanan antara lain kemiringan lahan, tingkat elevasi daratan, penggunaan lahan  dan jarak dari garis pantai, dan diolah dengan metode Weighted Overlay Analysist. Hasil dari identifikasi variabel kerentanan tsunami menunjukkan bahwa nilai kemiringan lahan antara 2- 6% tergolong rentan, elevasi daratan  antara 5 – 10 meter tergolong rentan, penggunaan lahan yang didominasi pertanian tergolong rentan, dan jarak dari garis pantai yang memiliki kerentanan sangat besar apabila semakin dekat dengan pantai. Hasil pengolahan data dengan Weighted Overlay Analysist dari beberapa parameter kerentanan menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar daerah di Kabupaten Cilacap memiliki kerentanan tsunami dalam kategori Cukup Rentan hingga Rentan, sehingga perlu adanya tindakan penyadaran masyarakat akan bahaya tsunami, penetapan jalur evakuasi tsunami, serta upaya relokasi, adaptasi, dan proteksi di wilayah pesisir.
Experiencias socioambientales contestatarias al agronegocio: perspectiva ontológica y enfoques teóricos para su abordaje
Authors: Forlani Nicolás
Published: December 2021

En el periodo reciente se produjeron numerosas acciones colectivas contestatarias a los impactos del agronegocio en distintas localidades de la pampa húmeda argentina. Tales experiencias colectivas resultan fenómenos sociológicos y politológicos relevantes de estudiar en tanto revelan, al menos, dos aspectos novedosos de la conflictividad social en curso: el carácter urbano de tales movilizaciones y la apelación a un discurso ambiental para formular las denuncias ante los impactos del modelo productivo. Según consideramos, el pensamiento posfundacional resulta una perspectiva ontológica de lo social a partir de la cual poder concebir los conflictos inherentes a tales acciones colectivas; al mismo tiempo, las perspectivas relacionales del territorio y la sociología de los problemas públicos representan enfoques teóricos capaces de dotarnos de una pluralidad de herramientas analíticas para el seguimiento de los procesos de movilización socioambiental referidos.
Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin, an Enlightener in the Field of Aerostatics
Authors: Zheltova Elena
Published: December 2021

The first flight of a hot-air balloon was demonstrated in France in 1783. On the wave of the Enlightenment, French society saw this flight as a great and promising scientific invention. However, in 18th century Russia’s culture, the hot-air balloon ascents were only regarded as entertainment. Seeing no practical benefit in hot-air balloons, and apprehensive of the fires they could cause, neither Catherine the Great nor Paul I encouraged any interest in aerostation. After Alexander I became Emperor of Russia (1801), the attitude towards hot-air balloon flights in Russia began to change. In this paper we show that it was the famous Russian historian and author Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin who was the first to introduce the educated part of Russian society to how aerostation was seen in Europe, to the experience and scientific knowledge gained as a result of such flights. This significant fact has eluded both the historians and Karamzin’s biographers. Karamzin’s publications concerned with balloon flights are reviewed in this article for the first time, and analyzed in the context of the history of aerostation, which allows to better understand Karamzin’s contribution to changes in the attitude of Russian society towards hot-air ballooning. It is demonstrated, that Karamzin’s thoughts, implicitly reflected in his choice of texts about hot-air balloon flights, which Karamzin adapted, translated, and published in his famous journal Vestnik Evropy (Herald of Europe), were in line with the overall shift in the attitude towards aerostation in Russia during the first years of the reign of Alexander I.
The Main Lines of Research at the Botanical Garden of M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University in 1937–1973
Authors: Golikov Kirill
Published: December 2021

The Botanical Garden of M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University is the oldest scientific botanical institution in Russia. Established in 1706 as a physic garden, it was acquired by Moscow University in 1805. This article reviews the dynamics of the range of research areas pursued by the Garden in 1937–1973 (from its becoming an autonomous institution within MSU to the splitting of Biological and Soil Science Faculty and the Garden becoming part of a recreated Biological Faculty). Based on the analysis of bibliography and materials of the theme plans and reports on the Garden’s research work, deposited at the MSU Archive, this time period may be divided into several stages. Thus, in 1937–1948, the research focused on the development of methods for experimental morphogenesis, designed do obtain new heritable forms (induced polyploidy, X-ray treatment of crop and ornamental plants (L. P. Breslavets-Krestovnikova); development of scientific foundation for horticulture (“green construction”) to expand the diversity of herbaceous ornamental plants (M. P. Nagibina); studies on plant development rhythms and factors (A. V. Kozhevnikov, I. G. Serebryakov). In 1948–1951, after the August VASKhNIL Session, the problems of vegetative hybridization prevailed while, in 1952–1957, the researchers’ attention was focused on the development of scientific basis for the construction of a new botanical garden as a component of natural science cluster of MSU on Leninskie (Vorobyovy) Gory (N. A. Bazilevskaya). In 1958–1964, the focus was shifted towards complex studies of the domestic flora. In 1967–1973, the garden’s main lines of research were evolutionary morphology, plant taxonomy, floristics, and botanical geography (A. K. Skvortsov, V. N. Tikhomirov); plant protection and agrochemistry; and breeding and genetics of ornamental plants and fruit and berry crops. Therefore, at different stages, the emphasis was placed on both the fundamental and applied research whose focus changed depending on the sociopolitical context of the epoch.
Grigorii Ivanovich Fischer von Waldheim: In Commemoration of 250th Anniversary of His Birthday
Authors: Krivosheina Galina
Published: December 2021

This paper commemorates the 250th anniversary of birth of Grigorii Ivanovich Fischer von Waldheim, a German naturalist who came to Moscow in 1804 at the invitation of the trustee of Moscow University M. N. Muravyov to take the chair in natural history and the post of director of the University Museum of Natural History. The paper analyzes the historiography on Fischer von Waldheim and recounts the circumstances of his invitation to Russia. Special attention is given to his fifty-year-long work in Russia and his still underestimated contributions to the development and institutionalization of natural sciences, and the establishment of natural history education at Moscow University and Moscow Medico-Surgical Academy.
Human Body through the Eyes of an Iatrochemist: Robert Erskine and His Doctoral Dissertation
Authors: Sanatko Maria
Published: December 2021

This article offers a brief description of the doctoral dissertation of R. Erskine, a prominent Russian physician and scientist of Scottish origin, titled “On the economy of human body” (Dissertatio medica inauguralis circa oeconomiam corporis humani).  This dissertation was devoted to the functioning of different parts of human body. It is shown that, in this work, Erskine writes from the perspective of an iatrochemist and, even to a greater degree, as an iatrophysicist, equaling human organism to a mechanism. I. Newton and his Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica is shown have had influenced Erskine scientific views. It is noted that, although many Russian historians of science denied the alchemical, iatrochemical and iatrophysical stages in the development of Russian natural science, a great number of facts disprove these views.
Stakeholders’ Perceptions of the Linkage Between Reproductive Rights and Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Delacroix Céline
Published: December 2021

The fulfilment of reproductive health and rights may have a synergistic relationship to environmental sustainability because it leads to lower fertility levels. With this in mind, and with the objective of increasing the legitimacy, funding and acceptance of reproductive health and rights, I conducted a mixed-methods qualitative study consisting of an online survey followed by in-depth interviews. I reached out to two groups of participants: stakeholders of the reproductive health and rights movement, and stakeholders of the environmental sustainability movement. I explored how stakeholders perceived the linkages between family planning, population growth and environmental sustainability. Results indicate that these stakeholders overwhelmingly support the integration of the reproductive health and rights ideological framework in a wider sustainability frame reflecting environmental considerations. I identified three barriers to both addressing and implementing the linkage: responsibility allocation injustice, colonialism and discrimination, and marginalisation. Environmental sustainability and reproductive health and rights stakeholders appear in favour of applying what could be considered ‘environmental mainstreaming’ to the reproductive health and rights field. Environmental sustainability stakeholders were more likely than reproductive health and rights stakeholders, who were more divided on this issue, to endorse the linkage and related concepts.
Graphical Presentation of the Steady-state Economy Model
Authors: Lianos Theodore
Published: December 2021

There are several theories claiming that their policies can save the planet from environmental catastrophe. This paper claims that it is only the Steady-State Economy model on which such reasonably effective expectations can be based. This is so for two reasons. First, the SSE is based on a clearly defined economic model which is presented graphically and briefly analysed. Second, it includes a policy proposal for reducing the size of global population. This is now approaching eight billion people and is expected to exceed nine billion in the next thirty years. The logic of the SSE suggests that stabilising population is not sufficient. The global population should actually be reduced if environmental balance is to be restored.
Osmanlı’nın İlk Sivil Mühendis-Matematikçilerinden Mehmet Misbâh’ın Matematik Çalışmaları ve Darülfünûn Fünun Fakültesi Mecmuası’nda Yayımlanan Makaleleri
Authors: TAKICAK Müjdat , BAYAM TAKICAK Semiha Betül
Published: December 2021

Osmanlı’nın ilk sivil mühendislik eğitimi veren kurumlarından olan Hendese-i Mülkiye Mektebi’nde yetişen Mehmet Misbâh, mezun olduktan sonra iki yıl süre ile okulun öğretmen ihtiyacını karşılamak üzere Paris’e gönderilmiştir. Yurda döndükten sonra, Mühendis Mekteb-i Âlîsi’nde ve Kondüktör Mektebi Âlîsi’nde matematiğe ve geometriye dair dersler vermiştir. Osmanlı’nın ilk sivil mühendislik okullarından olan bu kurumlar, Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde, sırasıyla, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi ve Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi’ne dönüşmüşlerdir. Arşiv belgelerinde Mehmet Misbâh’ın analitik geometri kitabının var olduğu söylense de bu kitabın nüshasına ulaşılamamıştır. Misbâh Efendi'nin Namık Ekrem (1878-1917) ile birlikte kaleme aldığı, ulaşılabilen tek kitabı Hesaba Dair Fâideli Mesâil I, ilköğretim düzeyinde basit sorular ve çözümler içermektedir. Ayrıca Misbâh Efendi’nin, dönemindeki saygın süreli yayınlarda çoğunluğu matematiğe ilişkin olmak üzere, yirmiyi aşkın makalesi mevcuttur. Bu çalışmalardan özellikle Darülfünûn Fünun Fakültesi Mecmuası’nda yayımlanan makaleleri, üst düzey matematiksel muhtevaya sahip olmaları açısından dikkate değerdir. Mehmet Misbâh’ın, matematiksel açıdan değerlendirilen söz konusu makalelerinde, matematiğe herhangi bir orijinal bir katkı tespit edilememiştir. Bu makaleler, daha çok öğrencilerin derslerde zorlandıkları konuları açıklığa kavuşturma amacıyla yazılmış, derse yardımcı ek kaynak gibi düşünülebilir. Mehmet Misbâh, her ne kadar Darülfünûn Fünun Fakültesi Mecmuası’nda yayımlanan makalelerinde yeni bir yaklaşım benimsememiş, ancak yine de ele aldığı konulara hâkimiyeti, üniversite düzeyinde matematik öğretmenliği yapabilecek kabiliyette olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca elde edilen tüm bu veriler ışığında, Mehmet Misbâh’ın döneminin ilk sivil mühendis-matematikçilerden biri olduğunu söylemek mümkündür.
16. ve 17. Yüzyıl Türkçe Siyasetnâmelerinde Ortak Temalar ve Siyasetnâmelerin İşlevi
Authors: BAYRAKTAR Osman , TÜZÜNER Vala
Published: December 2021

Bu makalede 16. ve 17. yüzyıllarda Türkçe olarak yazılmış toplam 15 siyasetnâme taranarak, eserlerde dile getirilen ortak yönetim problemlerinin neler olduğu ve yazarların bu problemlere nasıl tepki verdikleri sorularına cevap aranmıştır. Makalenin odaklandığı ikinci alan, yöneticiler ve yönetim uygulamaları açısından siyasetnamelerin işlevinin ne olduğu sorusudur. Araştırmada içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. İlk aşamada döneme ilişkin bütün siyasetnameler incelenmiş, işlenen konular içeriklerine göre kodlanmış, sekiş ve daha fazla eserde tekrar eden konular ortak tema olarak kabul edilmiştir. İkinci aşamada, yazarların ifadelerinin altında yatan kavramsal ve gerçek yapı keşfedilmeye çalışılmıştır. Padişahın konumu, timar ve zeamet sisteminin yozlaşması, vezirlerin tutumu, hazine yönetimi, askerin sistemin bozulması, reayanın durumu, kadıların niteliğinin düşmesi ve rüşvetin yaygınlaşması ortak temalardır. Yazarların önemli bölümü, problemin kaynağını eski uygulamalardan uzaklaşmış olmaya bağlamakta, dolayısıyla çözüm olarak eski uygulamalara dönülmesini önermektedir. Siyasetnameler, yazıldıkları dönemde hem yöneticilere açısından temel siyaset bilgilerini aktaran kitaplar hem de gerçek problemlere çözüm üreten metinler işlevini görmüşlerdir. Günümüzde temel yönetim bilgilerini aktarma işlevini yönetim okulları; yönetim problemlerine çözüm önerilerini ise yöneticilerin yanlarında bulundurdukları danışman kadrosu karşılamaktadır. Bu bakımdan, siyasetnâme tarzı eserlerin günümüzde fazlaca karşılığı bulunmamakla birlikte, yönetim bilgisine ve yazma kudretine sahip yazalar her zaman etkileyici eserler ortaya koyabilirler. Günümüzde de bu yazım tarzını deneyen yazarların olduğu görülmektedir.
Bilim ve Teknoloji İlişkisine Dair Tarihsel Bir Perspektif
Authors: BAŞARAN Vural
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada bilim ve teknoloji arasındaki ilişki tarihsel örnekler üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Bilim son zamanlarda genel olarak teknolojiyi de kapsayacak şekilde kullanılmasına karşın bu çalışmada bilimi teorik, teknolojiyi ise pratik insan faaliyeti olarak tanımladık. Bu iki alan arasındaki ilişki tanımlama çabası Antik Dönem’deki tekhne-episteme ayrımına kadar götürülebilir. Bilim ve teknoloji arasındaki ilişkiye dair pek çok araştırmacı kafa yormuştur. Özellikle sosyologlar, filozoflar meslekten doğa bilimlerinden gelen bilimciler ve mühendisler bu konu hakkında yorumlarda bulunmuşlardır. Bu araştırma programları sonucunda ikisi arasındaki ilişkinin hiyerarşik ve hiyerarşik olmayan modelleri ortaya atılmıştır. Ben de bu yazıda bu modellere kısaca değindim. Bundan sonra bilim ve teknoloji tarihinden üç örnek vererek bu modellerden hangisinin tarihsel örneklerle daha uyumlu olduğu tartıştım. Bu örnekler: 1) balistik bilimi-topçuluk, 2) Termodinamik-buharlı makine ve 3) Yapay seçilim-doğal seçilim. Her üçü de esasen modern bilimin ürünleridir ve birincisi mekanik bilimiyle, ikincisi ısı bilimiyle ve sonuncusu biyoloji bilimiyle alakalıdır. Sonuç olarak bu makalede bilim ve teknoloji ilişkisinin hiyerarşik olmadığı, birbirleri ile yakından irtibatlı olduğu ve birbirlerini karşılıklı olarak etkiledikleri savlanmıştır.
Lieb–Robinson bounds and growth of correlations in Bose mixtures
Authors: Michelangeli Alessandro , Santamaria Nicola
Published: December 2021

For a mixture of interacting Bose gases initially prepared in a regime of condensation (uncorrelation), it is proved that in the course of the time evolution observables of disjoint sets of particles of each species have correlation functions that remain asymptotically small in the total number of particles and display a controlled growth in time. This is obtained by means of ad hoc estimates of Lieb–Robinson type on the propagation of the interaction, established here for the multi-component Bose mixture.
Hierarchical Bayesian classification methods to identify topics by journal quartile with an application in biological sciences
Authors: Restrepo Silvia , ter Horst Enrique , Zambrano Juan Diego , Gunn Laura H. , Molina German , Salazar Carlos Andres
Published: December 2021

This manuscript builds on a novel, automatic, freely-available Bayesian approach to extract information in abstracts and titles to classify research topics by quartile. This approach is demonstrated for all N= 149,129 ISI-indexed publications in biological sciences journals during 2017. A Bayesian multinomial inverse regression approach is used to extract rankings of topics without the need of a pre-defined dictionary. Bigrams are used for extraction of research topics across manuscripts, and rankings of research topics are constructed by quartile. Worldwide and local results (e.g., comparison between two peer/aspirational research institutions in Colombia) are provided, and differences are explored both at the global and local levels. Some topics persist across quartiles, while the relevance of others is quartile-specific. Challenges in sustainable development appear as more prevalent in top quartile journals across institutions, while the two Colombian institutions favour plant and microorganism research. This approach can reduce information inequities, by allowing young/incipient researchers in biological sciences, especially within lower income countries or universities with limited resources, to freely assess the state of the literature and the relative likelihood of publication in higher impact journals by research topic. This can also serve institutions of higher education to identify missing research topics and areas of competitive advantage.
Lattice-based Monte Carlo simulation of the effects of nutrient concentration and magnetic field exposure on yeast colony growth and morphology
Authors: Hall Rebekah , Charlebois Daniel A.
Published: December 2021

Yeasts exist in communities that expand over space and time to form complex structures and patterns. We developed a lattice-based framework to perform spatial-temporal Monte Carlo simulations of budding yeast colonies exposed to different nutrient and magnetic field conditions. The budding patterns of haploid and diploid yeast cells were incorporated into the framework, as well as the filamentous growth that occurs in yeast colonies under nutrient limiting conditions. Simulation of the framework predicted that magnetic fields decrease colony growth rate, solidity, and roundness. Magnetic field simulations further predicted that colony elongation and boundary fluctuations increase in a nutrient- and ploidy-dependent manner. These in-silico predictions are an important step towards understanding the effects of the physico-chemical environment on microbial colonies and for informing bioelectromagnetic experiments on yeast colony biofilms and fungal pathogens.
Relationship quality, absorptive capacity and innovation performance of industry university research cooperative enterprises
Authors: Ai Zhihong
Published: December 2021

Based on the research perspective of industry university research cooperation, taking 227 industry university research cooperation enterprises as the research object, this paper studies the impact of relationship quality on absorptive capacity under the background of industry university research cooperation by using the calculation method of science and engineering SPSS. The results show that the three dimensions of relationship quality significantly improve potential absorptive capacity, potential absorptive capacity is conducive to actual absorptive capacity, the organizational learning plays a regulatory role between potential absorption capacity and actual absorptive capacity, actual absorptive capacity is conducive to the improvement of innovation performance, absorptive capacity plays a mediating role between relationship quality and innovation performance. It can be seen absorptive capacity plays a key role in industry university research cooperation, and cooperative enterprises should attach importance to the cultivation of their own absorptive capacity.
Research on the enterprise online marketing mode based on data mining
Authors: Zheng Yulan
Published: December 2021

With the development and popularity of mobile networks, online shopping has gradually become a trend. For enterprises, the traditional marketing mode has been difficult to play an effective role when facing the emerging online shopping mode. This study aims to improve the revenue benefits of online shopping. This paper first introduces the traditional marketing mode and then selects the data mining model used for consumption preference segmentation to build an online marketing mode. An example analysis was conducted on a book sales company and a real estate company. The results showed that more users in this community preferred five types of books, and the percentages from high to low were teaching and learning materials, modern novels, popular science books, historical literature, and classical novels; more customers preferred online platforms among the channels for collecting information on home purchase. No matter it was the book sales company or the real estate company, compared with no fluctuation in the company’s turnover under the traditional marketing mode, the turnover of the company increased month by month after adopting the online marketing mode.
An empirical study on the influencing factors of the stability of the coupling symbiosis network of industry-university-research
Authors: Zhu Zhihong , Sun Yue , Xue Dawei , Liu Wenyan
Published: December 2021

This paper theoretically analyzed the influence of symbiosis intimacy, cultural coupling, betrayal cost, degree of lock-in, geographic distance, and economic development on the stability of the coupling symbiosis network of industry-university-research (IUR), and conducted empirical analysis. The study found that symbiosis intimacy, cultural coupling, betrayal cost, degree of lock-in, and economic development all play a role in promoting the stability of the coupling symbiosis network of IUR, while geographical location is related to the stability of the coupling symbiosis network of IUR, but does not have a direct impact. Based on the empirical analysis results, the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the stability of coupling symbiosis network of the IUR were proposed.
Angle detection system for crossing compression of retinal artery and vein
Authors: Liao Chunping , Chen Xuefang , Li Bifu , Zhao Xiaofang , Yu Li
Published: December 2021

The crossing compression of retinal artery and vein is closely related to retinal vein occlusion, so detecting the contraction angle of the crossed vein blood vessel can assist to diagnose the retinal vein occlusion diseases. Through pretreating methods such as filtering, enhancement and edge extraction, the binary edge images can be extracted. The candidate feature points can be obtained by the corner point detection method based on chord-to-point distance accumulation (CPDA). The self-adaptive rectangular filter is used to screen out the crossing point of candidate angle, so as to fit the edge curves and figure out the contraction degree of vein. The experimental results show that this algorithm can better detect the contraction degree of crossed vein blood vessel, with an average error remaining at ± 1∘ under different resolutions.
An extended artificial bee colony with local search for solving the Skyline-based web services composition under interval QoS properties
Authors: Khababa Ghizlane , Seghir Fateh , Bessou Sadik
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we introduce an extended version of artificial bee colony with a local search method (EABC) for solving the QoS uncertainty-aware web service composition (IQSC) problem, where the ambiguity of the QoS properties are represented using the interval-number model. At first, we formulate the addressed problem as an interval constrained single-objective optimization model. Then, we use the skyline operator to prune the redundant and dominated web services from their sets of functionally equivalent ones. Whereas, EABC is employed to solve the IQSC problem in a reduced search space more effectively and more efficiently. For the purpose of validation of the performance and the efficiency of the proposed approach, we present the experimental comparisons to an existing skyline-based PSO, an efficient discrete gbest-guided artificial bee colony and a recently provided Harris Hawks optimization with an elite evolutionary strategy algorithms on an interval extended version of the public QWS dataset.
Antibiotic misuse and improper practices in India: Identifying the scope to improve through a narrative review
Authors: Pereira Brinal , Kulkarni Shruti
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:

In India, antibiotic resistance is high and by 2050, two million people will be affected.

OBJECTIVE:

To review antibiotic practices in India and the variables that impact them.

METHODS:

For this narrative review, research articles on antibiotic awareness, perception and practices were retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar using search terms such as ‘India AND antibiotic use AND cross sectional AND awareness’. A total of 1730 results were found on 30 June 2020, of which 35 articles were eligible for summarizing the common antibiotic practices.

RESULTS:

We found that there are deficiencies in the implementation of existing policies in India. Several issues such as overprescribing of antibiotics, use without prescription and non-adherence to treatment regimens are contributing to irrational antibiotic practices in the country.

CONCLUSION:

There is a need for policies at the institute level to help curb the problem of antibiotic resistance.