bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN DIRECTIONS ON IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY TRANSPORTATION OF MASS CARGO BY RAIL TRANSPORT
Authors: Kudriashov Dmytro , Kudriashova Nataliia
Published: July 2024

The research found that mass cargo transportation in Ukraine plays a key role in the functioning of the economy, driving the  development of many  industries and ensuring the country's  competitiveness in the global market.Based on the analysis of freight  transportation volumes over the recent period, the main trends and factors  affecting them were identified. In  particular, the growth in rail freight  transportation is largely due to the expansion of the sea corridor through the Danube ports. This has made it possible to export Ukrainian products to Europe and other regions of the world, which has stimulated growth in  demand for rail transportation. Due to the expansion of the maritime corridor and the change in the geopolitical situation, the share of export cargo transported by rail has increased significantly. These are primarily grain, oilseeds, metallurgical products and chemicals.Induced analyzes scientific research related to the issues of improving the efficiency of mass cargo transportation by rail. Such important problems as the problem of timely provision of loading  resources, delays in transportation, inefficient use of empty vehicles, loss of cargo during transportation, etc. are considered. Ways to solve these  problems, which are considered in the works of scientists, include  infrastructure modernization,  introduction of new technologies and optimization of logistics processes.The question was raised the issue of the efficiency of using container and containerized transportation technology. Their advantages, such as reduction of time and costs for  transportation, environmental  friendliness, are shown, and their  disadvantages are considered.The mathematical model of the  movement of a container train is  analyzed and the feasibility of creating  dry port-type structures for optimizing the transportation of mass cargo is investigated.These researches point to the need for a systematic approach to improving the efficiency of mass freight transportation by rail, taking into account various aspects, including technological, infrastructural, logistical and organizational aspects. Such an approach will allow achieving a higher level of efficiency and competitiveness of rail transport in the transportation of mass cargo.Proposed measures for improve the efficiency of mass cargo transportation by rail: optimization of routes,  increasing energy efficiency and  carrying capacity of railcars,  modernization of infrastructure, use of the latest technologies, optimization of loading and unloading, and  improvement of safety and quality of  service.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR DETERMINING TRACTION AND ENERGY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS OF A MANEUVERING LOCOMOTIVE
Authors: Gorobchenko Oleksandr , Zaika Denys
Published: July 2024

Fuel consumption for traction significantly depends on the locomotive's operating mode, and by selecting a rational mode  during station maneuvers or transit, it is possible to reduce fuel consumption. Previous works on this topic do not provide  sufficient analysis of locomotive motion with varying numbers of connected engines. To optimize energy resource consumption, a combination of methods for the rational use of the locomotive is necessary. The traction and energy performance indicators  for the maneuvering work of the ČME3 locomotive are calculated by performing traction calculations. In this paper, a  mathematical model has been developed to determine these indicators when operating with 4 and 2 parallel-connected  traction electric motors. Graphs were constructed to illustrate the relationship between traction force and locomotive speed, the time required to cover a given distance, fuel consumption for a specified distance, and the temperature rise above ambient  conditions concerning 6 parallel-connected traction electric motors for the 3rd, 4th, and 5th positions of the engineer's controller. The locomotives were compared while covering the same stretch of track with the same train weight, considering wheel-rail adhesion constraints.Analyzing the obtained dependencies allows the conclusion that using different configurations of connected engines can result in fuel savings of up to 15 % during maneuvering operations, depending on operational conditions. Furthermore, the engine temperature remains within acceptable limits for insulation class F, based on the results of approximating existing locomotive characteristics and deriving analytical expressions (6, 7, 8, 24). Mathematical models of the motion of the ЧМЕ3 locomotive were created for various engine connection scenarios using the obtained mathematical formulas (9, 10, 11, 13, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24).
APPLICATION OF SOFT SWITCHING IN THREE-PHASE VOLTAGE INVERTERS OF TRACTIONAL ROLLING STOCK
Authors: Semenenko Olexandr , Semenenko Yurii , Odiegov Mykola
Published: July 2024

Autonomous voltage inverters with PWM, which are used in electric drive systems with brushless motors, occupy an important  place in the complex of electrical equipment of modern traction rolling stock of railways. The article presents the results of the  research of the traction three-phase bridge voltage inverter with soft switching of power switches. Using the soft switching  mode allows you to reduce the switching losses in the power transistors of the keys, increase the PWM frequency and improve  other performance indicators of the converter. It is advisable to implement soft switching in the key transistors of the three-phase voltage inverter using soft switching nodes with fast-acting four-quadrant switches based on IGBT.
It is proposed to consider the possibility of using transistor switches of a voltage inverter with capacitive non-dissipative  snubbers at high PWM frequencies. For this purpose, a synthesis of the scheme and algorithm for the implementation of soft  switching in a three-phase bridge voltage inverter with bipolar sinusoidal PWM with soft switching nodes with high-speed four-quadrant switches based on IGBT was performed. An analysis of the characteristics of the three-phase voltage inverter was  carried out when using high-speed switches in the soft switching nodes to implement soft switching in the power transistors of  the inverter switches.On the basis of the study, it is proposed to modernize the scheme of the soft switching unit in order to provide better  preparation for the switching of the power transistors of the keys at large load currents. The improved soft switching unit  includes low-voltage sources of constant voltage, which will compensate for energy losses in the recharging circuit of the  snubber capacitors and contribute to the soft switching on of the power transistors of the voltage inverter keys. The  performance test was carried out and the characteristics of the converter were analyzed when using a modernized soft  switching node using simulation modeling in the MATLAB package.
Penanaman Karakter Toleran Melalui Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5)
Authors: Astuti Tri Marhaeni Pudji , Setyowati Dewi Liesnoor , Hidayah Isti , Kusumandari Rafika Bayu , Fajar Fajar , Setyoko Didik Tri
Published: July 2024

Intolerance towards aspects of ethnicity, religion, politics, economy, culture, and so on can trigger the vulnerability of national life. The Merdeka Curriculum through the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) is a new strategy in instilling national doctrine. This article analyses the implementation of P5 to strengthen tolerant character through the theme of bhineka tunggal ika and democratic voice, based on the results of field research conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Kandangan and SMPN 2 Temanggung. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data were collected using interviews, observations, FGDs, and documentation studies. Data analysis using interactive descriptive techniques. Research findings: 1) the theme of democratic voice through speeches and debates to develop speaking skills and respect for differences in views and opinions; 2) the theme of bhineka tunggal ika making clippings, stories on the mading, drama narratives and acting out story narratives, and making drama performance videos. P5 is a vehicle for learners to develop various competencies and tolerant characters that are crucial for strengthening the social resilience of society and supporting national integration.
Early Response to the Conflict of Houses of Worship Construction through the CGR (Collaboration Governance Regime) Model in Tangerang Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Ismail Ismail , Rabitha Daniel , Nugroho Novi Dwi , Haryanto Joko Tri
Published: July 2024

The construction of houses of worship in some areas of Indonesia often causes social conflict. In some cases, the conflict of houses of worship can be resolved well and some are not resolved. The establishment of houses of worship in Tangerang Regency, Banten Province, namely the construction of HKBP Rogate, GKBJ Sepatan, and GBI Tanjakan churches also triggered the social conflict. This article aims to reveal the chronology of the conflict over the construction of the three churches and the local government's actions in overcoming the conflict issues that arose. These three cases were studied by researchers using a qualitative approach and analyzed using the CGR (Collaborative Governance Regime) model.  This CGR model analysis is part of the early response of the parties related to the conflict and can reveal the weaknesses, and strengths in the conflict resolution of the establishment of houses of worship. The data collection method uses interview techniques and documentation studies. The findings of this research show that in the three cases of conflict, two cases show an escalating conflict (the emergence of mass action), and one case does not escalate. Conflict resolution against the establishment of the three houses of worship by the government and community leaders can prevent conflict escalation in the form of mass mobilization if the parties succeed in identifying problems at the location. Identification of parties who have the authority to determine the final direction of the conflict, especially those who reject the presence or establishment of houses of worship, is important in conflict resolution efforts. The success of conflict resolution efforts depends on the involvement of all parties who are authorized to determine the end of the conflict.
Memaknai Wuwung Mbaru Gendang dan Relevansinya bagi Realitas Keagamaan Era Kontemporer
Authors: Cimi Severinus Savio , Wijanarko Robertus , Adon Mathias Jebaru , Riyanto FX Armada
Published: July 2024

This research is motivated by the reality of the decadence of religious life in this day and age. On the one being many people begin to lose awareness of the importance of religion in building human life. However, on the other side, religious people are increasingly showing a discrepancy between the essential purpose of religious existence and their social behavior. Based on this reality, this article aims to elaborate some philosophical reflections on religious life today based on the symbols in the wuwung mbaru gendang of the Manggarai people. As an important part of the traditional house of the Manggarai people, the wuwung mbaru gendang has a meaning that is relevant to the religious issues of today. Its meaning will be elaborated based on Paul Ricoeur's theory of Symbol Interpretation. The direction of this article is the discovery of meanings in the wuwung mbaru gendang to be used as introspective material for researchers in reading the religious context of their era. The method used is literature study and direct observation of the object studied. The findings are first, the three symbols on the wuwung mbaru gendang reveal human identity as a noble creature. That nobleness is what spurs humans to make the highest respect for humans regardless of their religious background. Secondly, the quality of one's relationship with others can always be attributed to how one builds his or her spiritual-religious aspect. Vertical relations with the Ultimate Reality always get their continuity in good horizontal relations with others.
Machine Learning Innovations for Precise Plant Disease Detection: A Review
Authors: Lee Wan-Bum , Kim Bong-Hyun
Published: July 2024

The sustainable agriculture practices demands new innovations identifying plant diseases and instead of crop disease detection and precision and efficacy. An extensive review of the literature found through PubMed searches indicates a gap in the present approaches, which highlights the need for sophisticated machine learning solutions in the field of plant pathology. This study involves a comprehensive review of relevant publications collected via PubMed searches. The methodology involves the analysis of machine learning algorithms, datasets utilized and techniques applied for plant disease detection. Special attention is given to recent advancements in the field, focusing on the development and optimization of models tailored for precise and reliable disease identification. The study reveals compelling results, underscoring the transformative impact of machine learning innovations on plant disease detection accuracy. Specific algorithms exhibit superior performance, with implications for widespread applications in precision agriculture. These outcomes not only enhance current disease identification capabilities but also lay the groundwork for future advancements in automated and high-precision plant pathology diagnostics. The integration of machine learning emerges as a pivotal force in reshaping the landscape of plant disease detection.
Empowering Local Communities Through Zakat to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Zunaidi Arif , Maghfiroh Fachrial Lailatul , Setiawan Firman
Published: July 2024

The Prosperous Village Livestock Program at LAZNAS Nurul Hayat Kediri City serves as a model for utilizing zakat to bolster local communities towards sustainable development goals. This qualitative case study employs document analysis, interviews, and field observations to delve into the efficacy of this program. Despite challenges in zakat fund administration and economic limitations, findings indicate its effectiveness in community empowerment through livestock company financing, training, and social network enhancement. This study uniquely focuses on zakat-driven empowerment to combat poverty and foster sustainable development at the grassroots level. By addressing the research problem of how zakat can be leveraged for long-term community development, it fills a critical gap in existing literature. Phenomenologically, the subject of this study encompasses individuals involved in or affected by the Prosperous Village Livestock Program, while the object is the empowerment process facilitated by zakat utilization.
Dinamika Ojek Konvensional: Studi Fenomenologi dalam Menghadapi Ketidakpastian Pendapatan dan Mempertahankan Eksistensi
Authors: Mubaroq Afiq Chamim , Setyorini Christina Tri , Budiarti Laeli
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami profesi ojek konvensional dan bagaimana mereka mempertahankan keberadaannya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi dengan melibatkan tujuh informan pengemudi ojek konvensional. Sampel diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan kriteria penelitian yang telah ditentukan. Data diolah melalui proses data reduction, data display, dan conclusion. Penelitian ini menghasilkan lima tema utama yaitu: ketidakpastian, keterbatasan, kompromi, strategi dan relasi, dan kepercayaan. Selanjutnya, peneliti mendeskripsikan esensi konstruksi dari tema yang dialami oleh subjek. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada literasi dalam memahami dinamika ojek konvensional secara mendalam yang disebabkan oleh transformasi budaya kerja didorong dengan akselerasi teknologi yang tinggi.
Profitabilitas: Struktur Modal, Kebijakan Dividen, Nilai Bank dan Ukuran Bank Perbankan Syariah di Dunia
Authors: Fitriyah Fitriyah , Wardana Guntur Kusuma , Handayati Puji , Maharani Satia Nur
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh struktur modal, kebijakan dividen, nilai bank, dan ukuran bank terhadap profitabilitas perbankan syariah secara global. Dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan jenis penelitian explanatory, data dikumpulkan dari 20 bank syariah di 11 negara yang tergabung dalam Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB). Analisis menggunakan regresi data panel dengan model fixed effect (FEM) berdasarkan hasil uji Chow dan Hausman. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur modal, nilai bank, dan ukuran bank berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas, sedangkan kebijakan dividen memiliki pengaruh yang tidak signifikan. Secara spesifik, struktur modal yang optimal dan ukuran bank yang lebih besar berkontribusi positif terhadap profitabilitas, sementara nilai bank yang tinggi berdampak negatif pada profitabilitas. Hasil ini menekankan pentingnya pengelolaan modal yang bijak, strategi pertumbuhan, dan pengelolaan ekspektasi pasar bagi bank syariah untuk meningkatkan kinerja keuangan dan daya saing mereka di industri perbankan global dengan tetap mematuhi prinsip-prinsip syariah.
Tuan Guru and the Efforts to Prevent Early Marriage Among Sasak Tribe
Authors: Sainun Sainun , Zarkasih Hery , Sugitanata Arif
Published: July 2024

Early marriage is still a problem in developing countries, including Indonesia. one of the areas with a high rate of child marriage is West Nusa Tenggara. This study aims to explore the implementation of the Marriage Law Number 16 of 2019 in Rembiga Subdistrict, Mataram City, focusing on the role of Tuan Guru in reducing early marriage cases. While national trends indicate a decline, local data shows a significant increase in early marriage cases, particularly in some Indonesian provinces. The study utilised empirical legal field research and qualitative methods, involving profound observations and interviews with fourteen informants. It identified obstacles in the application of the law, including premarital pregnancy, family conflicts, economic factors, promiscuous behaviour, normative conflicts, and suboptimal socialisation. In this context, Tuan Guru plays a crucial role in fostering understanding and compliance with the law in the Sasak Rembiga community through religious studies and marriage counselling. This strategy highlights the importance of integrating religious, cultural, and legal values to minimise early marriages and calls for cross-sector collaboration for sustained effectiveness.
Urgency of Fatwa on Domestic Psychological Violence in Indonesia as an Effort to Protect Women's Rights
Authors: Nasyiah Iffaty
Published: July 2024

One that requires a fatwa is domestic psychical violence, which has different interpretations in the two legal systems. The purpose of this study is to analyze the urgency of forming a fatwa regarding psychical violence so that it has clarity on norms that must be guided for Indonesian Muslims This research is juridical-normative research with a conceptual and comparative approach. The results show that the urgency of forming fatwa regarding domestic psychical violence is related to 1. harmonisation between positive law and Islamic law regarding the concept of psychical violence; 2. fatwas have social power and can provide legitimacy and serve as the juridical basis for law enforcement; and 3. In terms of the fatwa of psychical violence as a source of material law, fatwa can be used as a source of material law in constructing a law. Fatwas can provide a solid basis for policymakers and legislators in drafting more formal regulations. This research can be used as discourse material regarding the importance of fatwa on psychical violence in the household. Research can be done by sharpening the differences in interpretation between Islamic law, positive law and customary law.
Revolving Marriage Among the Radicals: An Analysis of Rotational Unrecorded Matrimonies within the Jemaah Islamiyyah Community
Authors: Al Chaidar Al Chaidar , Faisal Faisal , Sari Elidar
Published: July 2024

This article examines the practice of revolving marriage among the members of Jemaah Islamiyyah (JI), a clandestine radical Islamist group in Southeast Asia. Revolving marriage is a term coined by the author to describe the phenomenon of JI members marrying and divorcing multiple partners in a short span of time without registering their marriages with the state authorities. Employing the ethnographic method, this article argues that revolving marriage serves as a strategy of survival, resistance and recruitment for JI, as it enables them to evade detection, foster solidarity and attract new followers. This research reveals how such practices are rooted in a multicultural Fiqh perspective, reflecting the movement's adherence to traditional values while navigating a diverse cultural landscape.
Islamic Legal Perspectives on Refugee Protection and Welfare: A Case Study of Malaysia
Authors: Abas All-Mu'izz , Samuri Mohd Al Adib
Published: July 2024

This article examines the refugee crisis in Malaysia from the perspective of Islamic law, addressing the challenges arising from the absence of a formal legal framework for refugee protection. Through a legal normative approach and in-depth interviews with Islamic authorities and NGOs, this study investigates Islamic principles related to refugee welfare. The findings of this study reveal that Malaysia has an ethical and legal responsibility under Islamic law (domestic and legal normative) to protect and support refugees despite not signing the 1951 Refugee Convention. This study emphasises the potential role of Islamic authorities as part of the government body in administering, coordinating, and implementing Islamic welfare efforts to meet the needs of refugees. By aligning refugee support with Islamic values, Malaysia can improve its ability to provide comprehensive care and protection to refugees, fulfilling religious and humanitarian duties. This integrated approach could serve as a model for other Muslim-majority countries, promoting a more inclusive and compassionate response to the global refugee crisis.
GenAI language corpora in foreign language teaching: advantages and disadvantages
Authors: Shults O. E. , Pervova G. M. , Hausmann-Ushkova N. V.
Published: July 2024

Importance. Corpora have proven itself over the years as an effective tool in foreign language teaching. The current stage of technological development is characterized by the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies into all spheres of society. One of the modern programs based on generative artificial intelligence is ChatGPT, which creates answers based on a huge array of data. The processes underlying the functioning of ChatGPT are similar to corpora technologies, which determines the possibility of using ChatGPT as a language corpus. The purpose of the study is to identify the advantages and disadvantages of ChatGPT when used as a language corpus.

Research Methods. In the course of the research, the following theoretical methods were used: the study and analysis of scientific literature on the research topic, generalization and classification of conceptual approaches of scientists. As a result of comparing the corpora technologies and the ChatGPT neural network according to nine main criteria, the advantages and disadvantages of each of the programs were identified and described.

Results and Discussion. The comparison of corpora technologies and the ChatGPT neural network according to nine main criteria showed that corpora technologies are the preferred choice in mastering lexical and grammatical skills; ChatGPT is preferable when a teacher is in need for quickly prepared training tasks and when teaching students with a lower level of cognitive abilities and foreign language proficiency.

Conclusion. ChatGPT neural network can be used in the process of learning a foreign language as a language corpus. However, the application of the program will not always be advisable, and should depend on the training task. The results of the study can be used to develop methods for teaching aspects of language based on corpus-based artificial intelligence technologies.
Revolutionary tribunals of the Tambov province 1918–1922
Authors: Parakhin S. A.
Published: July 2024

Importance. Reforming the public administration system is impossible without analyzing and taking into account the historical experience of the activities of punitive authorities. Revolutionary tribunals, created as a weapon in the fight against opponents of the Bolshevik regime, became a form of legitimization of state violence. Studying the mechanism of functioning of these bodies of the Soviet system has important heuristic significance, along with the need for public understanding of the role of repression in the fight against social protest. Modern scientific publications testify to the attention of researchers to this problem. An analysis of the historiography of the issue gives grounds to assert that a promising direction in the study of the topic of “revolutionary justice” is the analysis of the activities of provincial revolutionary tribunals, as well as clarification of the nature of their relationships with other repressive authorities.

Materials and Methods. The source base for this work consists of materials identified in the funds of central and local archives and introduced into scientific circulation, most of them for the first time. The documents used made it possible to study the process of organization and practical activities of revolutionary tribunals in the Tambov province of the period 1918–1922. Factual material related to the struggle of these bodies with peasant protest is extracted from materials of local periodicals. The work used a systematic approach, as well as general scientific and historical research methods.

Results and Discussion. An analysis of the process of creating revolutionary tribunals in the Tambov province is carried out. Their place and functionality in the management system, as well as the criteria for personnel selection of their employees, are established. The role of the military revolutionary tribunal in the fight against mass desertion is studied. The nature of the relationship between the provincial regional tribunal and the local Cheka is clarified. Based on investigative materials and sentences, the nature of the charges and penalties applied to peasants, participants in rural “rebellions”, as well as food workers who committed violence during the seizure of grain are established. The repressive activities of the Tambov provincial RVT and its visiting sessions to combat and prosecute both armed rebels and the civilian population of the village assisting them are considered.

Conclusion. Based on a wide range of archival and other sources, it is established that the activities of the revolutionary tribunals of the Tambov province in the period 1918–1922 was punitive in nature and aimed at suppressing anti-government protest.
Mademoiselle de Montpensier: female politician and military leader during the Fronde
Authors: Malakhova S. I.
Published: July 2024

Importance. The history of women, the interest in which in national and foreign historiography does not wane, is a pressing problem for historians studying the Fronde in France (1648–1653). During the Civil War, active aristocratic women had the opportunity to express themselves as politicians and even as military leaders on an equal basis with men, and sometimes even overshadow them. An example of this is Mademoiselle de Montpensier who left a detailed account of her enterprises in her Memoirs. They are the main source of this research work and are supplemented by information from the “Memoirs” of another participant in the Fronde, Cardinal de Retz. The purpose of the work is to evaluate her actions in political and military events during the Fronde, to find out the reasons why the Duchess was able to become a political and military leader at a time when women did not have the right to be ministers or generals.

Research Methods. To study the materials within the «Memoirs», methods of social history, the study of sources of personal origin, and historical and comparative methods are used.

Results and Discussion. The analysis of the sources used shows that Princess de Montpensier was by no means a typical frondeur – her goals, means, and motivations were different from those used by many other “rebels”. Many aristocratic women became “oppositionists” for economic reasons – they joined parties in order to achieve personal goals, which were often selfish. The princess, young, active, physically strong and healthy, received a rich inheritance and solved political and military problems during the Fronde. The combination of personal qualities, wealth and high position in society gave her the opportunity to become the most famous and active frontwoman.

Conclusion. To summarize, it should be noted that the memoirist purposefully sought to participate in the political life of France in the mid-17th century. and achieved success. She became a more significant politician than her father, Gaston d’Orleans, and took a significant part in the activities of the party of the Prince de Condé and in the campaigns of his army.
A contradição entre ensino padronizado e a proposta de educação integral em uma escola pública de educação básica da rede municipal de Jacarezinho/PR
Authors: Ruckstadter Flávio Massami Martins , Milanezi Liliane , Souza Antonio Carlos de
Published: July 2024

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa de mestrado que teve como objetivo investigar a contradição entre a mecanização do ensino gerada pelo ensejo de alcançar metas estabelecidas pelos índices de qualidade e os propósitos de formação integral do aluno apresentados nos documentos de uma instituição de educação básica pertencente à rede pública do município de Jacarezinho/PR e culminou num minicurso de formação para os profissionais da escola. A pesquisa pautou-se no Materialismo Histórico-Dialético, que permitiu analisar a realidade em sua totalidade histórica e seus reflexos nas políticas educacionais e documentos norteadores do ensino na escola de tempo integral. O termo educação em tempo integral é comumente confundido com Educação Integral, enquanto formação ampla do ser humano, como sinônimos. O tempo que o aluno passa na escola, interfere em sua aprendizagem, mas não garante uma formação emancipatória. Assim, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, analisamos a implantação do SAEB e a criação do IDEB como principal indicador de qualidade, investigamos os documentos norteadores da escola pesquisada, abordamos o conceito de educação integral no contexto histórico brasileiro e finalizamos com um minicurso de formação docente intitulado “O impacto do Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica - IDEB, na realidade escolar”. O desenvolvimento do minicurso com os profissionais atuantes na escola, demonstrou a necessidade de formação crítica na qual conheçam a realidade histórica e as contradições presentes nas políticas educacionais implementadas que antes de apontar legítima qualidade da educação, direcionam para a formação alienada que atenda aos interesses de mercado.
Nuevas técnicas de realimentación para amplificadores de microondas con transistores: teoría y aplicaciones
Authors:   , Pérez Martínez Félix
Published: July 2024

En esta Tesis se presenta una nueva teoría destinada a facilitar el diseño de amplificadores realimentados de microondas realizados con transistores bipolares y FET's. Para ello, tras poner de manifiesto las limitaciones de la teoría clásica de circuitos realimentados, se desarrollan un conjunto de métodos gráficos con cuya ayuda es muy sencillo analizar los efectos de una red de realimentación sobre los parámetros más importantes del amplificador, tales como ganancia, estabilidad, dificultad de adaptación, etc. Además, las construcciones gráficas propuestas, que denominamos genéricamente “diagramas de realimentación", permiten una interesante interpretación física del papel desempeñado por los diferentes elementos del circuito y simplifican al máximo su proceso de optimización final por ordenador. Asimismo, se describe en profundidad su aplicación a un conjunto heterogéneo de amplificadores. Los resultados experimentales obtenidos demuestran las posibilidades y versatilidad de los métodos de diseño propuestos, así como la viabilidad de las técnicas de realimentación en las bandas de microondas.
Impact of cancer diagnosis on life expectancy by area-level socioeconomic groups in New South Wales, Australia: a population-based study
Authors: Rahman Md Mijanur , David Michael , Goldsbury David , Canfell Karen , Kou Kou , Dasgupta Paramita , Baade Peter , Yu Xue Qin
Published: July 2024

Objective: Improvement in cancer survival over recent decades has not been accompanied by a narrowing of socioeconomic disparities. This study aimed to quantify the loss of life expectancy (LOLE) resulting from a cancer diagnosis and examine disparities in LOLE based on area-level socioeconomic status (SES). Methods: Data were collected for all people between 50 and 89 years of age who were diagnosed with cancer, registered in the NSW Cancer Registry between 2001 and 2019, and underwent mortality follow-up evaluations until December 2020. Flexible parametric survival models were fitted to estimate the LOLE by gender and area-level SES for 12 common cancers. Results: Of 422,680 people with cancer, 24% and 18% lived in the most and least disadvantaged areas, respectively. Patients from the most disadvantaged areas had a significantly greater average LOLE than patients from the least disadvantaged areas for cancers with high survival rates, including prostate [2.9 years (95% CI: 2.5–3.2 years) vs. 1.6 years (95% CI: 1.3–1.9 years)] and breast cancer [1.6 years (95% CI: 1.4–1.8 years) vs. 1.2 years (95% CI: 1.0–1.4 years)]. The highest average LOLE occurred in males residing in the most disadvantaged areas with pancreatic [16.5 years (95% CI: 16.1–16.8 years) vs. 16.2 years (95% CI: 15.7–16.7 years)] and liver cancer [15.5 years (95% CI: 15.0–16.0 years) vs. 14.7 years (95% CI: 14.0–15.5 years)]. Females residing in the least disadvantaged areas with thyroid cancer [0.9 years (95% CI: 0.4–1.4 years) vs. 0.6 years (95% CI: 0.2–1.0 years)] or melanoma [0.9 years (95% CI: 0.8–1.1 years) vs. 0.7 years (95% CI: 0.5–0.8 years)] had the lowest average LOLE. Conclusions: Patients from the most disadvantaged areas had the highest LOLE with SES-based differences greatest for patients diagnosed with cancer at an early stage or cancers with higher survival rates, suggesting the need to prioritise early detection and reduce treatment-related barriers and survivorship challenges to improve life expectancy.
PROTECTION OF ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION LINES WITH SOURCES OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
Authors: Denysyuk S. , Omelchuk A. , Derevyanko D.
Published: July 2024

The article examines the parameters of remote protections with a time delay dependent on the resistance of the short-circuit loop for distribution lines with redundancy and sources of distributed generation (DRG), taking into account the peculiarities of the parameters of these lines and their modes of operation and operating conditions. Obtained characteristics of protection devices, which are recommended when setting up remote protection of such lines with a voltage of 6...20 kV. The advantages of using a remote protection connection scheme for interphase voltages and phase current differences, as well as the use of separate protection against double earth faults, and in their absence - connection schemes for line voltages and phase currents, are justified. The reliability of the remote protection of full resistance should be evaluated by the value of the maximum length of the arc, which is determined at a given coefficient of sensitivity of the remote protection by the voltage drop at the place of installation of the protection in the event of a short circuit.
TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEM LONG-WAVE INFRARED HEATING IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF BUILDINGS
Authors: Bulhakov Olexii , Ivakhnov Andrii , Lytvynov Oleg
Published: July 2024

The paper presents the calculation of energy costs for heating buildings with three different heating systems, in order to determine the feasibility of using long-wave radiant heaters. The current rules of energy certification of buildings and related state standards of Ukraine were used as the calculation method. A technical and economic analysis was carried out, thanks to which savings from the transition to a radiant heating system in residential, public and industrial buildings located in the same weather environment were determined. The feasibility of radiant heating systems beyond the usual scope of use, namely in residential buildings, which make up the majority of all heating structures in Ukraine, and small architectural forms, such as, for example, modular buildings of retail establishments, public catering, etc., has been studied and provided. Bilux electric infrared long-wave heaters were chosen as the main research system. Competing systems are a water two-pipe system with free-flowing radiators and electric wall convectors. The key difference between traditional water heating systems, from the point of view of calculating energy consumption, is determined, which is the absence of losses in pipelines. It is justified that radiant heating systems are more appropriate in buildings with a floor height of more than 4 meters. It has been proven that in buildings of smaller volume, the cost reduction is also quite significant.
Does Geopolitical Risk Alleviates “Sticky” cost behavior of firms? Evidence from India
Authors: Srivast Samridhi , T Guruprasath , Das Seshanwita
Published: July 2024

This research explores how geopolitical risk (GPR) influences the consistent cost patterns of companies. Using linear regression on data from 11,180 firm-year observations in India from 2011 to 2020, the study discovers that rising GPR reduces the asymmetry in firms' cost behavior. Additionally, it shows that financial constraints diminish the effectiveness of GPR in moderating the "sticky" cost behavior of firms. The results imply that GPR encourages companies to adopt more cautious cost management strategies to mitigate the risk of bankruptcy.
Utilization of quarry dust and periwinkle shell ash in concrete production
Authors: Njoku Chioma Emmanuella , Ekeleme Anthony Chibuzo , Ekwueme Benjamin Nnamdi , Onuoha Chukwudike , Onuzulike Ebube Prince , Chibundu Wisdom , Okon Kooffreh , Ozoh Chibuike Christopher
Published: July 2024

The usage of plentiful raw discarded resources in the manufacturing of concrete has proven to be a sustainable and environmentally beneficial method of making concrete for a variety of purposes. In this study, the physical and mechanical properties of concrete made by partially and fully substituting fine aggregates and ordinary Portland cement with periwinkle shell ash and quarry dust (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 100%), respectively, were examined. The ratio of water to cement utilized for the concrete mixture, 1:2:4 was 0.60. Fresh concrete underwent a slump test, and then 150-mm cubes of cured concrete were subjected to density, compressive strength tests, and morphological and structural property characterizations. The concrete without the waste materials gave an optimum compressive strength of 22.9 N/mm2 as opposed to those that were partially replaced, having 18.8–15.1 N/mm2. The concrete samples with full replacements of periwinkle shell ash and quarry dust have compressive strengths lower than 13.8 N/mm2. All the concrete samples produced with partial and full replacements are in the class of normal concrete, but only those with partial replacements of up to 20% can be utilized for load-bearing and non-load-bearing applications. Opting for these alternative waste materials implies taking steps towards creating a cleaner and healthier planet for now and the future.
State-of-the-art on Impact and Explosion behaviour of concrete structures –Rilem Committee TC 288 Impact and Explosion
Authors: Prisco Marco di , Cadoni Ezio , Caldentey Alejandro Pérez , Caverzan Alessio , Colombo Matteo , Dancygier Avraham , Grisaro Hezi , Martinelli Paolo , Ozbolt Josko , Pająk Małgorzata , Weerheijm Jaap
Published: July 2024

Extreme loads can arise from accidents such as vehicle collisions or airplane crashes, as well as deliberate acts of terrorism or military attacks involving blasts and fragmentation. Blast overpressure can also occur accidentally, for example, from explosions of hazardous materials such as gas. Distinguishing between accidental and deliberate loads is crucial for designing appropriate protection measures. The repercussions of extreme loading events can be devastating, leading to injuries, loss of life, economic setbacks, and significant social disruption. These consequences result not only from the direct effects of impacts or explosions but also from secondary factors such as structural collapse, which is particularly concerning due to its potential for widespread devastation and substantial losses. Efforts to enhance the protection of concrete structures have focused on understanding the properties of construction materials and how structures respond to impact and blast loads. This document presents a comprehensive overview of RILEM TC 288 “Impact and Explosion,” aiming to provide essential guidance for designing concrete structures to withstand extreme dynamic loads. This emphasizes the importance of a thorough understanding and accurate modelling of loading scenarios and material behaviour. By implementing the strategies outlined in this document, engineers can enhance the safety and resilience of structures facing such challenges.
Severe and enduring eating disorders - Anorexia Nervosa. An exploration of beliefs, methods, and obstacles in the approach
Authors: Schut Laura , Godschalk Marc , Jong Martie de
Published: July 2024

Background: There is an upcoming need to improve care for people suffering from severe and enduring eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa (SEED-AN). Current specialism programmes haveminimal effects on persistent issues pertaining to weight, food, and body shape and lead to despondency, therapy dropout and poor quality of life. Aim: A deeper understanding of this topic may lead to better support for SEED-AN. Flexible assertive community treatment (F-ACT) professionals are specialists that offer treatment to people with severe and enduring psychiatric symptoms. SEED-AN individuals might benefit from such support.
Methods: thematic analysis was used. Professionals were interviewed in focus groups mainly; patients were interviewed individually.
Results: Professional respondents’ perspective: 1.) A knowledge gap exists concerning eating disorders and SE-ANs, 2.) Predominant assumptions, 3.) Difficulties in cooperation, 4.) Lack of autonomy with respect topolicymakers. Patient respondents’ perspectives: 1.) F-ACT care is adequate, 2.) Cooperation with other caregivers, 3.) Ambivalence in recovery.
Conclusion: Collaboration between F-ACT and specializing in eating disorders may provide better support for SEED-AN individuals. Discussion: A patient-centered model (resource group model) promotes collaboration between all involvedindividuals. The reinforcement of strengths is expected, and SEED-AN individuals may benefit from such collaboration.
Using Hidden Markov Modelling to Reveal In-session Stages in Text-based Counselling
Authors: FU Ziru , Hsu Yu Cheng , Chan Christian S. , Liu Joyce , Yip Paul S.F.
Published: July 2024

Counselling sessions have multiple stages, each with its themes and objectives. This study aimed to apply Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) to analyse counselling sessions from Open Up, an online text-based counselling platform in Hong Kong. The focus was on inferring latent stages over word distributions and evaluating counselling outcomes. Transcripts from 1,380 sessions were categorized into more satisfying sessions (\(n=\text{1,132}\)) and less satisfying sessions (\(n=248\)) based on post-session surveys. A message-level HMM identified five distinct stages: Rapport-building, Problem-identification, Problem-exploration, Problem-solving, and Wrapping-up. Compared with less satisfying sessions, more satisfying sessions saw significantly more efficient initial rapport building (5·7% of time) and problem introduction (20·6%), in-depth problem exploration (26·3%), focused solution development (48·3%), and concise conclusion (7·3%). This study offers insights for improving the efficiency and satisfaction of online counselling services through efficient initial engagement, thorough issue exploration, and focused problem-solving.
Enhancing implementation of information and communication technologies for post-discharge care among hospitalized older adult patients: development of a multifaceted strategy package using the Behavior Change Wheel and Implementation Research Logic Model
Authors: Wang Dorothy Yingxuan , Wong Eliza Lai-Yi , Cheung Annie Wai-Ling , Tam Zoe Pui-Yee , Tang Kam-Shing , Yeoh Eng-Kiong
Published: July 2024

Background
The integration of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in clinical practice can supplement traditional care pathways on discharge education and has exhibited evident benefits in improving patient health outcomes. However, healthcare providers have reported difficulties in adopting such technologies. The existing evidence on interventions supporting the implementation of ICTs is insufficient, characterized by infrequent utilization or reporting of implementation theories in intervention designs. This study aims to outline the creation of a theory-informed strategy package to enhance the clinical implementation of ICTs for post-discharge self-care among hospitalized older adults.
Methods
This study systematically applies the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) approach, involving behavior diagnosis, identification of intervention options, and intervention content selection, informed by conceptual frameworks, empirical data, and relevant literature. Additionally, the Implementation Research Logic Model is utilized to synthesize, organize, and visually present the collected data.
Results
This structured process identified and selected five intervention functions, 11 behavior change techniques, and four policy categories. A multifaceted strategy package was developed, containing four components: (i) flexible and sustainable training, (ii) mass media and opinion leader campaign, (iii) technology and workflow redesign, and (iv) regular corporate-level audit and feedback.
Conclusions
The study addresses the incomplete evidence base for interventions supporting clinical ICT implementation, presenting a practical, evaluable, and scalable theory-informed strategy package. By providing an example of the application of the BCW approach and logic model, this study contributes to the knowledge on implementation intervention design, offering valuable insights for researchers and practitioners aiming to improve healthcare providers' behavior change and post-discharge care management with technology-based interventions.