bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The abuse of men by women
Authors: Ðurđević Sanja , Ðurđević Ana , Lukić Aleksandar
Published: April 2022

Although numerous studies in the past have shown that men are more often seen as perpetrators of domestic and sexual abuse, clinicians and researchers have recently begun to critically consider the problem of intimate and sexual violence committed by women towards men. Despite the controversial debate over whether women are violent towards their husbands and partners, many research papers have shown that there is a prevalence of such violence. In addition, many studies have highlighted gender differences in the commission of domestic violence in terms of the different reasons and contexts in which violence occurs. This paper aims to present the latest results of research on risk factors, typologies, and motives of women perpetrators of violence in relationships, as well as to improve our understanding of the etiology and complexity of such violence. The first part of the paper explains in detail the typology and prevalence of violence against men, as well as the psychological and other characteristics of women perpetrators. The second part deals mainly with the causes and motives of women's violent behaviour towards men. The last section is dedicated to the effects of treatment and possible improvements. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of this topic and gives some recommendations for resolving the above issues.
Projetos em design: Uma rede colaborativa de ensino para o desenvolvimento de produtos por meio do artesanato
Authors: Santos Márcia Qualio Baptista dos , Held Maria Silvia Barros de
Published: April 2022

O presente artigo aborda os saberes tradicionais do Cariri cearense ao relacionar ensino, design e artesanato, a partir da experiência entre a Universidade Federal do Cariri e as artesãs da Associação Mãe das Dores, uma parceria que tem o objetivo de relacionar diferentes saberes, criar produtos ergonomicamente confortáveis e utilizar materiais com responsabilidade ambiental. Por meio do design colaborativo, pretende-se criar bolsas que possam contribuir para sustentabilidade dessas comunidades. O método utilizado é pautado na resolução de problemas advindos de uma demanda das artesãs e solucionados com briefing, pesquisa, planejamento e desenvolvimento do projeto de design, a partir de uma abordagem multidisciplinar que envolve os conhecimentos empíricos das artesãs na criação de trançados, com métodos de projetos em design voltados para o mercado. Esta pesquisa proporcionou a realização de práticas manuais criativas desenvolvidas em oficinas de quintais para a criação de bordado, crochê e pintura manual, realizadas por alunos e artesãs, com foco no desenvolvimento pessoal.
Análise do perfil de degustação de doces de abóbora saborizados com cravo-da-índia e canela
Authors: Melo Carlos José de Oliveira , Silva Antônia Karoline Teixeira da , Gatti Victória Carolline do Moraes , Brito André Seiva de , Silva Claudete Rosa da , Silva Vicente Filho Alves , Carvalho Fábio Israel Martins , Silva Priscilla Andrade
Published: April 2022

O objetivo deste estudo consiste em avaliar a aceitabilidade sensorial de doces de abóbora, submetidas aos diferentes tratamentos acrescidos de especiarias. Para obtenção dos doces foram realizados os seguintes tratamentos: T1: sem adições; T2: com adição de cravo; T3: com adição de canela e T4: com adição de cravo e canela. As análises microbiológicas realizadas nos produtos elaborados foram fungos filamentosos e leveduras, Salmonella spp., coliformes a 35 e a 45°C e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva. Para a avaliação sensorial foram avaliados os seguintes atributos: aparência, aroma, textura, sabor e impressão global; assim como o índice de aceitação e intenção de compra dos produtos. Os resultados das composições e análises sensoriais foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Na análise sensorial todos os atributos avaliados (aparência, aroma, textura, sabor e impressão global) dos doces de abóbora saborizados com canela e cravo-da-índia, obtiveram notas médias entre 6 (gostei ligeiramente) e 8 (gostei muito), indicando boa aceitação dos produtos por parte dos provadores. Em relação à análise das médias de aceitação, todos os tratamentos obtiveram nota que indicam aprovação do mercado, com notas superiores para os tratamentos com adição de especiarias, demonstrando a preferência dos provadores pelo doce de abóbora com adição de cravo-da-índia e canela.
Óleos vegetais de plantas do cariri cearense para vacas leiteiras no terço final da lactação
Authors: Lima Joana Angélica Matias de , Gomes Maria Letícia Rodrigues , Vieira Emanuell Medeiros , Alencar Felipe dos Santos , Araújo Janiele Santos de , Silva Tamiris da Cruz da , Lima Lorrane Raíssa Geraldo de , Silva Paulo Ricardo Vieira da , Costa Marcus Roberto Góes Ferreira
Published: April 2022

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o potencial do uso de óleos vegetais de pequi, macaúba e soja como aditivos em rações de vacas leiteiras. Os óleos utilizados foram extraídos do conteúdo lipídico da amêndoa dos respectivos frutos, adicionados na porcentagem de 2% a ração concentrada, a qual foi comporta a base de milho em grão moído, farelo de soja e núcleo mineral vitamínico. Juntamente com a ração concentrada, foi fornecido capim elefante in natura picado no cocho na proporção de 75% de capim e 25% de concentrado. Ao todo foram utilizados três tratamentos em um delineamento experimental em quadrado latino duplo 3x3, utilizando-se seis vacas adultas multíparas sem padrão racial definido no terço final da lactação. Os animais foram alojados em baias individuais equipadas com cochos e bebedouro. Os ensaios experimentais constarão de 23 dias, sendo 16 dias de adaptação e sete dias coletas. Foram avaliados o consumo e digestibilidade da matéria seca, o comportamento ingestivo e a produção de leite. Para a avaliação do consumo da matéria seca o alimento fornecido foi pesado e após o período de 24 horas quantificado o peso das sobras no cocho, sendo retiradas amostras das sobras durante o período experimental, estas foram congeladas para no final de cada período serem misturadas resultando em uma amostra composta por animal por tratamento, por período. Para determinação da digestibilidade da matéria seca foi feita a coleta de fezes diretamente do piso de cada baia, quantificando a produção fecal durante o período de 24 horas, retirando uma amostra das fezes ao longo de cada dia experimental e congelando. Foi avaliado o comportamento ingestivo dos animais por meio de observações diretas nos dois últimos dias de cada período experimental. Para a avaliação da produção de leite, os animais foram ordenhados todos os dias pela manhã e o leite pesado individualmente para cada animal e ao final de cada período experimental calculada a média de produção por animal e por tratamento. Os valores obtidos para as variáveis foram analisadas estatisticamente utilizando o software computacional SAEG 9.1.
Imagens de satélite: formação de bolsões de areia na bacia hidrográfica do rio Formoso
Authors: Brito Daniel Dias , Azevedo Arthur Ferreira
Published: April 2022

Esta pesquisa retrata como as imagens de satélite podem ser utilizadas para monitorar a qualidade e a quantidade de águas nas bacias hidrológicas, e avaliar o potencial do uso de imagens de satélite gratuitas para monitorar a bacia do rio Formoso. Será realizada por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e exploratória, analisando os dados de forma qualitativa, com o objetivo de retratar o uso de sensoriamento remoto no monitoramento de água; coletar estudos de caso sobre o uso de imagens de satélite para monitoramento de recursos hídricos, com ênfase na formação de bancos de areia; e avaliar a possibilidade de utilização de imagens de satélite gratuitas para monitoramento da qualidade e quantidade da água da Bacia Hidrológica do Rio Formoso. Em 2021, o Brasil mostrou interesse em expandir seu potencial no uso de imagens de satélite. Prova disso é o lançamento do satélite Amazônia-1, responsável por ampliar a capacidade de monitoramento do bioma no Brasil, diante disto, a relevância deste trabalho encontra-se na disposição de informações que cooperem com a inserção e o desenvolvimento destas metodologias para o acompanhamento hidrográfico.
A importância da inovação tecnológica para minimização de perdas dos recursos naturais nacional
Authors: Souza Raniele Barbosa , Souza Ranieldo Barreiras Barbosa , Feitosa Júnior Francisco Rubens , Almeida Neto Prudente Pereira de
Published: April 2022

A fragmentação florestal pode ser mencionada como resultados das queimadas em ambientes florestais, com condição de mudar o funcionamento das populações e comunidades e diminuir as interações tróficas. Os métodos através de geotecnologias são viáveis para o monitoramento de áreas susceptíveis a queimadas, bem como para o planejamento de práticas preventivas, tendo o uso do sensoriamento remoto, por exemplo essencial para estudos que monitoram as áreas de queimadas e contribuir para o entendimento das causas e resulta em intervenções ao impacto através do manejo correto. Os satélites tais como MODIS; L3JRC; Globcarbon; GBS; e GLOBSCAR, possibilitam o estudo a respeito do efeito do fogo em escalas espaciais e temporais em diversos territórios e fitofisionomias. Nos últimos anos diversos trabalhos contribuem com o monitoramento de áreas de queimadas, sendo a maioria dos estudos produtos do MODIS. O MODIS fornece elementos sobre a sazonalidade do fogo, a assiduidade de episódios, localização e quantificação da área queimada, o que é importante para o aumento de políticas de manejo ambiental. O objetivo de estudo de forma qualitativa é a escala espaço-temporal das queimadas no Brasil. Conclui-se que a aceleração do desmatamento no Brasil está associada às atividades humanas e à expansão agrícola nacional, e recomenda-se que em pesquisas posteriores analise dados coletados após o período chuvoso para avaliar a recuperação de áreas de incêndios, melhorando assim a compreensão da severidade dos incêndios no país.
Borgerperspektiver på handicapområdet
Authors: Jönsson Koumaditis Lise , Sand Jørgensen Anthon
Published: April 2022

DK resuméDenne artikel vil med baggrund i studier om æstetiske udtryksformer i interviews og narrative interviews eksemplificere, hvordan borgerperspektiver på handicapområdet kan informere og udvikle forskning og pædagogisk arbejde. Det er artiklens pointe, at det kræver en øget opmærksomhed og metodisk sensitivitet at få indsigt i hverdagslivet sådan som voksne med udviklingshæmning beskriver det – og at det er forskere og pædagoger, som må tage ansvar for vidensproduktionen. Artiklen bidrager således til den aktuelle debat og diskussionen af, hvordan – og i hvilken udstrækning – vidensproduktion i pædagogikken og i handicapforskningen kan gøres med, af og for mennesker med udviklingshæmning.

Abstract – UK Drawing on studies of the use of aesthetic forms of expression in interviewing and narrative interviews, this article exemplifies how citizen perspectives can inform and develop disability research and pedagogical work. The main argument is that attention and methodological sensitivity are vital when exploring perspectives from people with learning disabilities – and that researchers and pedagogues must take responsibility for the knowledge production. The article contributes to the current dialogue on how – and to what extent – disability research and pedagogical knowledge production can be carried out with, by and for people with learning disabilities.
Beyond ‘ása ok álfa’
Authors: Nygaard Simon
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT: In the Poetic Edda, a multitude of understandings and ideas exist concerning the Otherworldly collective known as the álfar (Old Norse pl., sg. álfr). While the understandings are indeed many, they are not arbitrary. There seems to exist what Jens Peter Schjødt has termed a “semantic centre” for a number of “discourses” on the álfar. In this article, I will suggest various discourses of and construct a semantic centre for the álfar though an analysis of the stanzas of the Poetic Edda in which the álfar feature, supported when it is relevant by other Old Norse textual sources. I propose that constructing a semantic centre focusing on death and fertility, and thus viewing the álfar as chthonic beings, will help us make sense of the diversity in the discourses of the álfar in the eddic poems.

RESUME: Der findes en mængde forestillinger i eddadigtningen om den gruppe andenverdensvæsner, der kendes under navnet álfar (norrønt pl., sg. álfr). Forestillingerne er mange, men de er ikke arbitrære. Der synes at eksistere hvad Jens Peter Schjødt kalder et “semantisk centrum” fra hvilket forskellige “diskurser” kan siges at udgå. I denne artikel vil jeg foreslå forskellige diskurser om og konstruere et semantisk centrum for álfar gennem en analyse af de eddastrofer, hvori álfar optræder. Jeg foreslår, at ved at konstruere et semantisk centrum forbundet med død og frugtbarhed og således forbinde álfar med det chthoniske, vil de forskelligartede diskurser om álfar i eddadigtningen give bedre mening.
Allometric Equation for Estimating Energy Production of Eucalyptus urophylla in Dryland Ecosystems at East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Sadono R , Wardhana W , Idris F , Wirabuana P Y A P
Published: April 2022

A precise and accurate energy production quantification, particularly at the individual tree level is needed to understand the potential contribution of eucalyptus plantations to renewable energy development. However, measuring energy storage with a destructive method is inefficient because it requires a large amount of resources. The development of allometric equations is a realistic solution to solve this problem as it facilitates the efficient estimation of energy production from trees. Therefore, this study aims to develop an allometric equation for estimating the energy production of Eucalyptus urophylla in dryland ecosystems in East Nusa Tenggara. The destructive sampling was carried out on 25 sample trees which are evenly distributed from small to large dimensions, while the calorific value of each tree component was analyzed using the bomb calorimeter method. Furthermore, the energy production of each tree was counted by multiplying the calorific value with the total biomass accumulation. To develop an allometric equation, the analysis of regression was applied using several independent variables, such as diameter at breast height (D), combined squared diameter of breast and tree height (D2H), as well as D and H separately. The results showed that the energy production of E. urophylla at the study site varied from 252.56 to 7,813.30 MJ tree-1 with more than 90% accumulated in the stem, followed by foliage (4.62%) and branches (4.05%). The higher the tree dimension, the greater the energy production. Moreover, the equation lnŶ = lna + b.lnD + c.lnH was the best allometric model to estimate energy production with an accuracy of 95.2%. Based on the results, the allometric equation provides an accurate estimation of energy production in E. urophylla.
Towards Inclusive Indonesian Forestry: An Overview of a Spatial Planning and Agrarian Perspective
Authors: Rustiadi E , Veriasa T O
Published: April 2022

Forest area is the largest and most important part of the territory of the Republic of Indonesia but still faces many challenges, including deforestation, forest fires, peat swamp degradation and poverty of local communities due to horizontal and vertical forestry conflicts. This paper focuses on the analysis of forestry development based on spatial planning and agrarian perspective by conveying various facts. A single and centralistic authority over forest areas does not provide an effective basis for sustainable resource governance. There is a dualism of spatial and agrarian planning system namely between forest areas and non-forest areas. It should be integrated by mainstreaming inclusive collaborative management. We recommend promoting forest areas' arrangement under the control of an integrated spatial planning system for the people's greatest possible prosperity, including forestry management principles and objectives. Rationalisation of forest allocation (spatial pattern plan), which the optimum forest allocation must be viewed from the perspective of the overall spatial balance (both forest and non-forest areas, and between protected and cultivated areas) to provide land for food production, social welfare and environmental functions. Forestry implementation needs to consider the principles of economies of scale and prioritise benefits for local communities living bordering forests areas, especially for food cultivation areas. The government should commit to allocating at least 15 million ha inclusively by prioritising landless farmers and smallholder farmers. Increasing community participation in forest area utilisation and functions is pursued through increasing forest access for the community (social forestry and other schemes) without neglecting conservation functions.
Ecotourism Pillars Enforcement to Geotourism Destination in Slamet and Serayu Mountainous Areas, Central Java Province
Authors: Munajat M , Avenzora R , Darusman D , Basuni S
Published: April 2022

Nature based tourism, including geotourism, can have the status of ecotourism if they are able to enforce the seven pillars namely: 1) the ecological pillar, 2) the economic pillar, 3) the socio-cultural pillar, 4) the satisfaction pillar, 5) experience pillar, 6) memory pillar, and 7) education pillar. This study aims to analyse the perceptions of tourists towards the enforcement of the seven pillars of ecotourism in geotourism destinations. The study was conducted through a survey using a closed-ended questionnaire with a total number of respondents is 400 people. Data analysis was carried out using comparative quantitative and correlation quantitative methods. The results showed that there was still a “gap” between the pillars of sustainable development and the pillars of the basic needs of tourists. The results of the correlation test showed that the elements of the seven pillars of ecotourism had interrelationship each other. It is necessary to modify the form of geotourism implementation by increasing the aspects of guiding/interpreting for tourists and intensifying the involvement of tourists in all tourism activities. The regional approach are also applied to the development of geotourism so that it is more optimal, integrated and efficient in the use of resources.
Traffic Potential Evaluation of the Regions in the Context of Rail Passenger Transport – A Case for Slovak Republic
Authors: DEDÍK Milan , ŠPERKA Adrián , ČAMAJ Juraj , ZÁBOVSKÁ Katarína
Published: April 2022

The contribution includes the necessity to analyse the potential of the regions in terms of rail passenger transport. The main research goal is to propose a new concept of determination and evaluation of the particu-lar factors, which evaluate the region potential. Several research methods are used in research, for example the brainstorming methods, methods of expert estimate, and especially point evaluation method. Firstly, the factors influencing the traffic potential are defined and exam-ined. Secondly, specific ways of monitoring and evaluat-ing particular factors are proposed. The research results form the basis of a new methodology for traffic potential determination in regions. Subsequently the mentioned methodology is applied in practice to the selected region-al railway line in Slovak Republic. The potential of this region is expressed by coefficient values of the chosen factors. For example, coefficient of the number of inhab-itants is 2.69 and the average value of the adjacent co-efficient of the railway stations and stops availability is 1.92. The details are explained in the fourth chapter. The proposals and outputs including practical application represent a new innovative way for region evaluation which has so far not been used anywhere. It can help plan and organise traffic service in the regions.
Efficient Monte Carlo algorithm of time-dependent particle transport problem in multi-physics coupling calculation
Authors: Shangguan Dan-Hua , Yan Wei-Hua , Wei Jun-Xia , Gao Zhi-Ming , Chen Yi-Bing , Ji Zhi-Cheng ,   Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, China
Published: April 2022

Multi-physics coupling calculation has applications in many important research fields. If particle transport process is included in this calculation, Monte Carlo method is often used to simulate this process and usually a large amount of calculation time is needed. So, efficient Monte Carlo algorithm for time-dependent particle transport problem is important for an efficiently coupling calculation, which inevitably relies on large-scale parallel calculation. Based on the characteristic of time-dependent particle transport problem, two methods are proposed in this paper to achieve high- efficiency calculation. One is a tally-reducing algorithm which is used in the coupling of transport simulation and burnup calculation. By reducing the quantity of data which should be reduced necessarily, this method can reduce the calculation time largely. It can be seen that a new coupling mode for these two processes in MPI environment has a larger value when model scale is larger than the sample size. The other method is an adaptive method of setting the sample size of Monte Carlo simulation. The law of large number assures that the Monte Carlo method will obtain an exact solution when the sample scale tends to infinity. But generally, no one knows which sample scale is big enough for obtaining a solution with target precision in advance. So, the common strategy is to set a huge-enough sample scale by experience and conduct the posterior check for all results. Apparently, this way cannot be efficient because the calculation will go on after the precision of solution has reached an object value. Another popular method is to set the sample size to rely on the relative error of some single calculation. The sample size is enlarged without a break until the relative error is less than some presetting value. This method is not suitable either, because Monte Carlo particle transport simulation will gives feedbacks to other process which is composed of many tallies. It is inappropriate to adjust the sample size according to the relative error of any calculation. Relying on the generalization of the Shannon entropy concept and an on-the-fly diagnosis rule for a entropy value sequence, the adaptive method proposed in this paper can reduce the original huge sample scale to a reasonable level. By numerically testing some non-trivial examples, both algorithms can reduce the calculation time largely, with the results kept almost unchanged, so the efficiency is high in these cases.
Efficient quantum secure direct communication scheme based on single photons
Authors: Zhao Ning , Jiang Ying-Hua , Zhou Xian-Tao ,   School of Information Engineering, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712000, China
Published: April 2022

In this work, we first introduce the specific steps of a quantum-secure direct communication scheme that sends a single photon at a time. Based on the basic steps of the scheme, it is gradually extended to a quantum secure direct communication scheme that transmits single-photon sequences twice and four times, with emphasis on the coding rules corresponding to each scheme. The purpose is that through the above scheme, it can be intuitively seen in the subsequent efficiency analysis that with the increase of the number of transmissions, the classification of single photons can be increased, and the encoding capacity of each single photon and the transmission efficiency of quantum states in the entire communication can be greatly improved. Finally, a universal scheme and coding rules for quantum secure direct communication by sending single photons in an integer power of 2 are proposed, and after security analysis the scheme proves to be safe and feasible. Through the efficiency analysis, the communication efficiency of this scheme is higher than that of the existing scheme, and the implementation of this scheme only uses a single photon, does not involve with quantum entanglement, and this scheme has more application values.
Artificial synapses based on layered multi-component metal oxides
Authors: Liu Qiang , Ni Yao , Liu Lu , Sun Lin , Liu Jia-Qi , Xu Wen-Tao ,   Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
Published: April 2022

Neuromorphic electronics has received considerable attention recent years, and its basic functional units are synaptic electronic devices. A two-terminal artificial synapse with sandwiched structure emulates plasticity of the biological synapses under the action of nerve-like electrical impulse signals. In this paper, P3 phase Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 multi-element metal oxides with layered structure are synthesized by sol-gel process. Owing to the fact that Na+ is easy to embed/eject into its crystal structure, an ion-migrating artificial synapse based on Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 is designed and fabricated. The device emulates important synaptic plasticity, such as excitatory postsynaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation, spike-number dependent plasticity, spike-frequency dependent plasticity, spike-voltage amplitude dependent plasticity and spike-duration dependent plasticity. The device realizes the identification and response to Morse code commands.
Association of toll-like receptors single nucleotide polymorphisms with HBV and HCV infection: research status
Authors: Xu Yaxin , Xue Wentao , Gao Hongwei , Cui Jiabo , Zhao Lingzhi , You Chongge
Published: April 2022

Background

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections have become increasingly severe worldwide and are a threat to public health. There have been a number of studies conducted recently on the relationship of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to innate immune receptor genes such as toll-like receptors (TLRs). Some literature suggests that SNPs of TLRs are associated with HBV and HCV infection. We summarized the role ofTLRsgene polymorphisms associated with HBV and HCV infections and explored their possible mechanisms of action.

Methodology

PubMed and Web of Science were used to perform the literature review. Related articles and references were identified and used to analyze the role ofTLRsgene polymorphism in HBV and HCV infection.

Results

TLRsgene polymorphisms may have beneficial or detrimental effects in HBV and HCV infection, and some SNPs can affect disease progression or prognosis. They affect the disease state by altering gene expression or protein synthesis; however, the mechanism of action is not clearly understood.

Conclusions

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of TLRs play a role in HBV and HCV infection, but the mechanism of action still needs to be explored in future studies.
Assessment of Drug Sensitivity of Different Urinary Isolates to Nitrofurantoin and its Comparison with Other DrugsA Retrospective Study
Authors: Goyal Aditi , Kaur Kiranjeet
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common indications for antibiotic use in the community. However, gram negative organisms that are predominant cause of UTI are becoming increasingly resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Consequently, empiric therapy is likely to fail resulting in increasing number of patients with uncomplicated UTI requiring hospitalisation for intravenous antibiotics as there are no oral treatment options left. Aim: To assess the susceptibility trends of urinary isolates to panel of antibiotics with particular reference to nitrofurantoin. Materials and Methods: The present study was a retrospective study conducted at Adesh Hospital Bathinda, Punjab, India for a period of one year from April 2020-April 2021. Kass criteria was followed for interpretation of significant bacteriuria according to which significant growth is considered if number of colony is more than 105 Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/mL. Culture positive were analysed by Gram staining and on the basis of colony characteristics, gram staining, final identification was done using Vitek 2 compact system. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test. Results: A total of 392 urinary isolates were identified during the study period. Out of the 392 isolates 316 (80.6%) were gram negative isolates and 76 (19.4%) were gram positive isolates. Maximum sensitivity was shown to nitrofurantoin, 88% in case of gram negative isolates and 76% in case of gram positive isolates. Conclusion: Nitrofurantoin is an effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of UTI. It has been used for a long time, but the emergence of antibiotic resistance and the decline in newly developed antibiotics has increased interest in the treatment of bacterial UTI with this antibiotic
Design of Real-Time Digital Multi-Beamformer of Digital Array Antenna System for MFR
Authors: Hwang SungHwan , Kim HanSaeng , Lim JaeHwan , Joo JoungMyoung , Lee KiWon , Kwon MinSang , Kim Woo-Sung
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we implement a digital multi-beamformer using FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array) which has advantages in parallel and real-time data processing. This is accomplished through the use of not only high-speed data communication but also multiple beam forming, which is currently required by MFR(Multi Function Radar). As a result, the beamformer can process 24 Gbps throughput in real-time and form 5 digital beams at the same time. It is also compared to the results of Matlab simulations. We demonstrate how an implemented beamformer can be used in an MFR system by using a digital array antenna.
Baseline Health and Nutritional Parameters of Wild Sand Tigers Sampled in Delaware Bay
Authors: Hoopes Lisa A. , Clauss Tonya , Wetherbee Bradley M. , Fox Dewayne A.
Published: April 2022

Species-specific hematological reference values are essential for diagnosis and treatment of disease and maintaining overall health of animals. This information is lacking for many species of elasmobranchs maintained in zoos and aquaria, thus reducing the effectiveness of care for these animals. Descriptive statistics and reference intervals were calculated for hematocrit and complete blood cell counts, biochemistry and protein electrophoresis parameters, trace minerals, vitamins, heavy metals, reproductive hormones, and fatty acids in the blood of 153 wild Sand Tigers Carcharias taurus of both sexes and a range of sizes caught in Delaware Bay (Delaware, USA). Mean hematocrit, total white blood cell counts, lymphocyte differentials, glucose, phosphorus, amylase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly higher in juveniles than in adults. Levels of estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and differences in selenium and eicosapentaenoic acid (a polyunsaturated fatty acid) between males and females suggest that they are important parameters for improving Sand Tiger breeding success in managed care. Finally, blood metal levels for arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury suggest low levels of contaminant exposure for Sand Tigers during their summer residence in Delaware Bay. The results of this study provide baseline health parameters for wild Sand Tigers that will aid in effective maintenance of aquarium animals and contribute to a greater understanding of the biology of these sharks and efforts to accomplish sustainable management of their populations.
Multimode Electron Tomography Sheds Light on Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Complex Metal‐Based Nanoparticles
Authors: Jenkinson Kellie , Liz‐Marzán Luis M. , Bals Sara
Published: April 2022

Electron tomography has become a cornerstone technique for the visualization of nanoparticle morphology in three dimensions. However, to obtain in‐depth information about a nanoparticle beyond surface faceting and morphology, different electron microscopy signals must be combined. The most notable examples of these combined signals include annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF‐STEM) with different collection angles and the combination of ADF‐STEM with energy‐dispersive X‐ray or electron energy loss spectroscopies. Here, the experimental and computational development of various multimode tomography techniques in connection to the fundamental materials science challenges that multimode tomography has been instrumental to overcoming are summarized. Although the techniques can be applied to a wide variety of compositions, the study is restricted to metal and metal oxide nanoparticles for the sake of simplicity. Current challenges and future directions of multimode tomography are additionally discussed.
Flower‐Like Au@CeO2 Core‐Shell Nanospheres as Efficient Photocatalyst for Multicomponent Reaction of Alcohols and Amidines
Authors: Tang Lin , Huang Fei , Xu Dongping , Zhang Xinming , Wang Zhenghua , Zhang Wu
Published: April 2022

Flower‐like core‐shell nanospheres (Au@CeO2) were prepared and used as photocatalyst to synthesize 2,4,6‐trisubstituted pyrimidines through the three‐component reaction of primary alcohols, secondary alcohols and benzamidine hydrochlorides with low catalyst loading. A synergistic effect of ceria and gold on the photocatalytic transformation was found, which strongly enhanced the yield of pyrimidines from 58% on Au NPs (6 mg, 3 mol%) up to 97% on Au@CeO2 (6 mg, 0.4 mol%). The catalyst has also been successfully applied to photocatalytic multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of triazine. The Au@CeO2 catalyst shows high photocatalytic activity, good recyclability and wide applicability to diverse substrates.
Success rate of anterior shoulder dislocation reduction by emergency physicians: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hayashi Minoru , Tanizaki Shinsuke , Nishida Naru , Shigemi Ryo , Nishiyama Chihiro , Tanaka Jyunya , Kano Kenichi , Azuma Hiroyuki , Sera Makoto , Nagai Hideya , Maeda Shigenobu , Ishida Hiroshi
Published: April 2022

Aim

Emergency physicians (EPs) often treat anterior shoulder dislocation, but epidemiology of anterior shoulder dislocation in the emergency department of Japan remains unclear. In this study, we clarified the success rate of anterior shoulder reduction performed by EPs.

Methods

This single‐center cohort study included patients with anterior shoulder dislocation for whom the EP performed initial reduction. The period was from January 2006 to March 2021 and we used the electronic medical record data of the tertiary care hospital. Our primary outcome was the success rate of the shoulder reduction performed by EP. The secondary outcome was to compare the success of reduction with the failure of the reduction.

Results

In total, 293 eligible patients were identified. Of these patients, 244 were included in this study. The success rate of the shoulder reduction performed by EP was 92.2% (225/244). EPs failed in successfully performing reduction in 19 (7.8%) cases of anterior shoulder dislocations. The failure group was older (P = 0.017), had a higher frequency of fall down in the mechanism of dislocation (P = 0.019), used intravenous analgesics more frequently (P = 0.004), used peripheral nerve blocks more frequently (P = 0.006), and had fewer patients who did not use drugs (P = 0.002). We could not perform statical adjustment because the sample size was small.

Conclusion

The success rate of the shoulder reduction performed by EPs was 92.2%. Older age might be associated with failure of shoulder reduction.
Ictal Electroencephalographic Characteristics of Nodding Syndrome: A Comparative Case‐Series from South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda
Authors: Mazumder Rajarshi , Lagoro David Kitara , Nariai Hiroki , Danieli Alberto , Eliashiv Dawn , Engel Jerome , Dalla Bernardina Bernardo , Kegele Josua , Lerche Holger , Sejvar James , Matuja William , Schmutzhard Erich , Bonanni Paolo , De Polo Gianni , Wagner Thomas , Winkler Andrea Sylvia
Published: April 2022

Nodding syndrome (NS) is a poorly understood form of childhood‐onset epilepsy that is characterized by the pathognomonic ictal phenomenon of repetitive vertical head drops. To evaluate the underlying ictal neurophysiology, ictal EEG features were evaluated in nine participants with confirmed NS from South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda and ictal presence of high frequency gamma oscillations on scalp EEG were assessed. Ictal EEG during the head nodding episode predominantly showed generalized slow waves or sharp‐and‐slow wave complexes followed by electrodecrement. Augmentation of gamma activity (30–70 Hz) was seen during the head nodding episode in all the participants. We confirm that head nodding episodes in persons with NS from the three geographically distinct regions in sub‐Saharan Africa share the common features of slow waves with electrodecrement and superimposed gamma activity. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:75–80
Cell‐Active, Reversible, and Irreversible Covalent Inhibitors That Selectively Target the Catalytic Lysine of BCR‐ABL Kinase
Authors: Chen Peng , Sun Jie , Zhu Chengjun , Tang Guanghui , Wang Wei , Xu Manyi , Xiang Menghua , Zhang Chong‐Jing , Zhang Zhi‐Min , Gao Liqian , Yao Shao Q.
Published: April 2022

Despite recent interests in developing lysine‐targeting covalent inhibitors, no general approach is available to create such compounds. We report herein a general approach to develop cell‐active covalent inhibitors of protein kinases by targeting the conserved catalytic lysine residue using key SuFEx and salicylaldehyde‐based imine chemistries. We validated the strategy by successfully developing (irreversible and reversible) covalent inhibitors against BCR‐ABL kinase. Our lead compounds showed high levels of selectivity in biochemical assays, exhibited nanomolar potency against endogenous ABL kinase in cellular assays, and were active against most drug‐resistant ABL mutations. Among them, the salicylaldehyde‐containing A5 is the first‐ever reversible covalent ABL inhibitor that possessed time‐dependent ABL inhibition with prolonged residence time and few cellular off‐targets in K562 cells. Bioinformatics further suggested the generality of our strategy against the human kinome.
Holistic analytical characterization and risk assessment of residual host cell protein impurities in an active pharmaceutical ingredient synthesized by biocatalysts
Authors: Wang Fengqiang , Li Xuanwen , Swanson Michael , Guetschow Erik , Winston Matthew , Smith Joseph P. , Hoyt Erik , Liu Zhijian , Richardson Douglas , Bu Xiaodong , Jawa Vibha , Variankaval Narayan
Published: April 2022

Host cell proteins (HCPs) are a significant class of process‐related impurities commonly associated with the manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals. However, due to the increased use of crude enzymes as biocatalysts for modern organic synthesis, HCPs can also be introduced as a new class of impurities in chemical drugs. In both cases, residual HCPs need to be adequately controlled to ensure product purity, quality, and patient safety. Although a lot of attentions have been focused on defining a universally acceptable limit for such impurities, the risks associated with residual HCPs on product quality, safety, and efficacy often need to be determined on a case‐by‐case basis taking into consideration the residual HCP profile in the product, the dose, dosage form, administration route, and so forth. Here we describe the unique challenges for residual HCP control presented by the biocatalytic synthesis of an investigational stimulator of interferon genes protein agonist, MK‐1454, which is a cyclic dinucleotide synthesized using Escherichia coli cell lysate overexpressing cyclic GMP–AMP synthase as a biocatalyst. In this study, a holistic characterization of residual protein impurities using a variety of analytical tools including nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, together with in silico immunogenicity prediction of identified proteins, facilitated risk assessment and guided process development to achieve adequate removal of residual protein impurities in MK‐1454 active pharmaceutical ingredient.
Ibrutinib as monotherapy versus combination therapy in Chinese patients with relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma: A multicenter study
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Liu Panpan , Cai Jun , Jing Hongmei , Zou Liqun , Huang Huiqiang , Wu Yuanbin , Li Wenyu , Zhong Liye , Jin Xueli , Ye Xu , Feng Ru , Zhang Huilai , Zhang Liling , Lin Lie , Sun Xiuhua , Tian Yuyang , Xia Zhongjun , Li Zhiming , Huang He , Xia Yi , Cai Qingqing
Published: April 2022

Background

Ibrutinib has revolutionized the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Both ibrutinib monotherapy and ibrutinib‐based combination therapy are important salvage options for patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) MCL. The real‐world efficacy and safety profile of the two strategies in Chinese patients with R/R MCL remain unclarified.

Methods

In the present study, data of 121 R/R MCL patients who received either ibrutinib monotherapy (N =68) or ibrutinib combination therapy (N =53) in 13 medical centers in China were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

With a median follow‐up of 20.5 months, the overall response rate was 60.3% versus 84.9% (p= 0.003), complete remission rate was 16.2% versus 43.4% (p< 0.001), and median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 18.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.1–21.8) vs. 30.8 months (95% CI, 23.5‐NR) (hazard ratio, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.30–0.93];p= 0.025), with ibrutinib monotherapy and ibrutinib‐based combination therapy, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with male gender, no refractory disease, Ki67 <30%, previous line of therapy = 1, non‐blastoid subtype, and the number of extranodal sites involved <2 might benefits more from the combination therapy. Treatment‐emergent adverse events were similar, except for a higher incidence of all grade neutropenia in the ibrutinib combination group (12.7% vs. 32.0%,p= 0.017).

Conclusions

Ibrutinib combination therapy demonstrated potentially superior efficacy and comparable tolerability to ibrutinib monotherapy. Ibrutinib‐based combination therapy could be one of the prominent treatment options for R/R MCL patients.
‘Almost everything else goes to the wayside’: Experiences of caseworkers, middle managers and leaders responding to child fatality and near fatality cases
Authors: Garcia Antonio R. , Ibekwe‐Okafor Nneka , Wasch Sarah
Published: April 2022

While child welfare scholars and caseworkers have acquired a better understanding of risk factors associated with occurrences of child fatalities due to maltreatment over the past 20 years, little is known about the organisational and system‐level characteristics that impact efforts to prevent or intervene in these cases. As part of a collaborative agreement between a university‐affiliated centre and a state child welfare agency, we conducted interviews by phone with 19 case managers, middle managers and regional leaders who were assigned to manage or oversee a near fatality or fatality case. They illuminated five major themes: 1) their perceived stressors and sources of support; 2) client and perpetrator risk factors; 3) system‐level risk and protective factors; 4) case descriptions; and 5) lessons learned. Relying upon their lived experiences, we offer practice and policy recommendations to Child Abuse Review to support their efforts to prevent and respond to child fatality cases. Efforts should be devoted to evaluating strategies to reduce risk for all families before the child welfare system is involved, supporting workers when they are assigned to fatality cases by reducing caseloads and preparing them for the fatality review process, and embracing a culture of collaboration across and within child‐serving systems.

Key Practitioner Messages

To respond effectively to child fatality and near fatality cases, child welfare caseworkers and leaders should be assigned fewer cases in the interim, and receive guidance, consultation, and time to prepare for the fatality review process.

Embracing a culture of collaboration across and within child‐serving systems may also prevent fatalities and facilitate an efficient investigative process if/when they do occur.
Constructing High‐Performance Quasi‐Solid‐State Sulfur Cathodes via the Cooperation of Solid Electrolyte Interface and Selenium Doping
Authors: Wang Xumin , Li Shuping , Wu Qiang , Sun Mengjun , Yu Chuang , Xie Jia
Published: April 2022

Sulfur cathodes with quasi‐solid‐state conversion can prevent the dissolution and diffusion of polysulfides, effectively avoiding the “shuttle effect”. However, sulfur cathodes under quasi‐solid‐state conversion suffer from inferior electrochemical performance, due to unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) and intrinsically sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, the cooperation of a robust SEI and eutectic accelerator Se is employed to improve the performance of quasi‐solid‐state sulfur cathodes. SEI is formed through the nucleophilic reaction in diluted concentrated electrolyte between limited soluble polysulfides/polyselenides and vinylene carbonate, which is robust and displays low SEI resistance. Se doping leads to smaller overpotential, lower charge transport resistance, and superior rate capability and cyclability. The Se doped sulfur cathode delivers a discharge capacity of 3.7 times than the pure sulfur cathode at 1 A g−1 and maintains a capacity retention of 99.4 % after 100 cycles. This work demonstrates an effective strategy to construct quasi‐solid‐state sulfur cathodes for high‐performance metal‐sulfur batteries.
Indole Editing Enabled by HFIP‐Mediated Ring‐Switch Reactions of 3‐Amino‐2‐Hydroxyindolines
Authors: Abe Takumi , Yamashiro Toshiki , Shimizu Kaho , Sawada Daisuke
Published: April 2022

This work reports the novel reactivity of hemiaminal as a precursor for indole editing at the multi‐site. The HFIP‐promoted indole editing of indoline hemiaminals affords 2‐arylindoles through a ring‐switch sequence. The key to success of this transformation is to use a cyclic hemiaminal as an α‐amino aldehyde surrogate under transient tautomeric control. This transformation features mild reaction conditions and good yields with broad functional group tolerance. The utility of this transformation is presented through the one‐pot protocol and the synthesis of isocryptolepine.
Lebenszyklusanalyse für Einsteiger
Authors: Sommer Katrin , Krupp Ute , Kath Jan , Toschka Christina , Feesche Jörg , Sauerbrei Johanna , Vahidi Behsad , Walter Aylena , Wilming Hanna
Published: April 2022

Die Lebenszyklusanalyse betrachtet die Umweltauswirkungen von den Rohstoffen über die Herstellung bis zur Entsorgung eines Produktes. Es zeigt sich, dass die Verbraucher bei der Nutzung einen Einfluss auf die Datengrundlage haben. Mit dem vorgestellten didaktischen Konzept sollen Schülerinnen und Schüler am Beispiel eines Flüssigwaschmittels die Lebensphasen einschließlich dem notwendigen fachlichen und fachmethodischen Wissens kennen und ihren Umwelteinfluss beurteilen lernen. Als roter Faden fungiert der ökologische Rucksack, so dass am Ende eine Beurteilung der Umweltauswirkungen durch das Produkt möglich sind. Auf diese Weise wird ein Beitrag zum Erwerb von Bewertungskompetenz im Chemieunterricht geleistet.
Gestörter Ionenfluss bringt Fruchtfliegen ins Torkeln
Authors: Feil Sylvia
Published: April 2022

Muskeln und Nerven arbeiten mit der schnellen Weitergabe von (elektrochemischen) Informationen. Dabei wird nach einer Aktivierung ein nicht‐erregter Zustand der Zellen wiederhergestellt. Wichtig sind hierbei K+‐Ionen‐Kanäle in den Zellmembranen, von denen die Slowpoke‐Kalium‐Kanäle extrem leitfähig sind. Ihre Struktur und Regulation wurden nun näher untersucht.