bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parameters Optimization of Two-Phase United Anaerobic Fermentation Hydrogen-Methane Production
Authors: Wang Yuan Yuan , Zhang Yan Lin
Published: December 2012

The two-phase united anaerobic fermentation has been paid more and more attention in recent years. But how to increase the biogas production yield and the degradation rate of organic matter needs more research. The batch anaerobic fermentation studies demonstrated the feasibility of H2 and CH4 generation utilizing kitchen wastewater as substrate, and the vaccination rate, dilution rate, substrate concentration were optimized. The conclusion showed that dilution rate is the most important factor, following by kitchen wastewater concentration and inoculum volume. The most excellent program of the organic load, the inoculation volume and the dilution volume are 150 +300 ml, 135 ml, 225 ml, respectively. Under these conditions the hydrogen and methane production rate were the highest of 4.15 ml/ml，2.55 ml/ml (calculated as the wastewater volume), respectively. The acid-forming pathways of kitchen wastewater was typical butyric- propionic acid mixed fermentation type. The appropriate dilution could decrease the concentration of the total acids and increase the biogas production yield.
Effect of PH on the Performance of the Anode in Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhang En Ren , Liu Lei , Cui Ying Ying
Published: December 2012

Microbial fuel cells with microbial brush anode and ferricyanide-cathode which could discharge at current up to 350 mA were constructed, and the effect of anodic pH on the performance of the microbial anode was investigated in the present study. Anodic pH was found to decrease significantly， from 6.23 to 4.35, when the MFC was operated to discharge at high current levels, which in turn reduced the performance of the microbial anode. No obvious pH change was observed during MFC discharge at lower current level (~12 mA), meaning that proton production is mainly related to the electrochemical oxidization of the organic fuels, rather than to the microbial degradation in the anode chamber. Results presented herein indicate that effective approach should be employed to control the anodic pH close to neutral conditions when optimizing the power output of microbial fuel cells, especially at high discharge current.
Study on the Progress of the Foreign Security Fuel
Authors: Li Xia , Wang Xuan Jun
Published: December 2012

The research history and recent achievements and application of fire resistant fuel in several countries were summarized. The emphases included the background of research, the mechanism of fire resistant, the development of emulsified fuel formulations, and the effects on the performance of engines. The situation of applying at present was also described. It was indicated that the research of fire resistant fuel was very important in the security of military vehicles and civil vehicles.
Solar Cell MPPT Technique Based on PI Controller
Authors: Yusivar Feri , Tito Beng
Published: December 2012

The MPPT techniques of Incremental Conduction Method (ICM) and Perturbation and Observation (P&O) cannot track the maximum power point (MPP) of solar cell quickly without oscillation around MPP. This is happens because of the working point’s movement given by MPPT always has a same distance. This paper proposes a MPPT technique based on PI controller which able to reach the MPP quickly and the oscillation is near to zero. PI controller with error feedback is the gradient of solar cell’s power characteristic curve, is used as power optimizer replacing the step-size optimizer. Performance of the proposed technique is compared against the ICM one through simulations. The results show the proposed technique has much faster tracking time than the ICM has and the oscillation can be set to near zero.
Advanced Hydrogen Storage Technique to Improve the Run Time of the “Chip Integrated Micro PEM Fuel Cell System”
Authors: Balakrishnan Arvind , Becker J. , Mueller Claas , Reinecke Holger
Published: December 2012

In this work, we present the design, fabrication and characterization of increased hydrogen storage capacity of the silicon based Chip Integrated Micro Polymer electrolyte membrane Fuel Cell Systems (CIµ-PFCS), to increase the run time. The increased hydrogen storage capacity is realized from the backside of the silicon wafer and filling (casting process) it with a newly developed advanced hydrogen storage material, palladium - polymer composite. The functionality, current-time measurements, hydrogen charging capacity and charging behaviour of the newly developed hydrogen storage technique in the CIµ-PFCS are investigated and presented in this work. The developed CIµ-PFCS with increased hydrogen storage capacity and advanced hydrogen storage technique shows a factor of 4 increased run time than the state-off-the-art CIµ-PFCS. The power density of the developed CIµ-PFCS was measured to be 2.1 [mW/cm²]. After a number of charging and discharging cycles of CIµ-PFCs with the presented hydrogen storage materials, proved to be long term stable. The advantage of the presented CIµ-PFCS is that there is an increased hydrogen storage volume on board and easy to fabricate with existing microsystem technologies.
Synthesis and Properties of Anion Exchange Membranes Derived from Quaternary Poly(ether Sulfone)s
Authors: Yang Hui , Tang Wei Fen , Bi Hui Ping , Hu Zhao Xia , Chen Shou Wen
Published: December 2012

A series of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) based on quaternary poly(ether sulfone)s (QPES) have been successfully prepared through aromatic nucleophilic polymerization, chloromethylation, quaternization and alkalization for alkaline direct methanol fuel cell (ADMFC) applications. The influence of quaternization reagents on properties of the prepared QPES membranes has been discussed in details, including ion exchange capacity (IEC), size change and ionic conductivity. The results indicated that the selection of quaternization reagent is very important. At similar IEC level, the membranes using N,N,N’,N’-tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine as the quaternization reagent showed relatively high dimensional stability and ionic conductivity.
Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity of Ni-B-Graphene Electrode for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Cai Yuxi , Hou Yong Jiang , Guo Jie
Published: December 2012

Ni-B-graphene catalysts with high catalytic activity towards the electrochemical oxidation of methanol in alkaline solution have been prepared. Cyclic voltammograms of methanol oxidation shows, the Ni-B-graphene electrode exhibited much higher electrocatalytic activity than the Ni-B/C electrode obtained via direct deposited Ni onto the surface of the graphite. The higher activity could be due to the structural effect of graphene. The graphene can not only make an electroless deposition stable, but also facilitate the formation of more efficient Ni hydroxides and metallic Ni on the electrode surface, which is the key to improving the electrochemical oxidation activity.
Electrooxidation of Methanol on Ru/Pt Film Bimetallic Electrode as Probed by In Situ ATR-SEIRAs Study
Authors: Li Qiao Xia , Mao Hong Min , Liu Ming Shuang , Xu Qun Jie
Published: December 2012

A new approach of spontaneous deposition was carried out to prepare the Ru/Pt film electrocatalyst for direct methanol fuel cells. This deposition method just made Pt like a ‘skin’ covered Ru films, which reduced the load of Pt but obtained a higher activity. The Pt-modified Ru films electrode was studied with the cyclic voltammetries and in-situ ATR-SEITA spectra on methanol oxidation. Compare to bare Ru and Pt, the bands of the adsorbed CO and water observed in IR spectra can be assigned. The present results give a clue for designing new electrocatalysts for DMFCs.
Application Research on Power Plant Heat Pump Regenerative Thermal System
Authors: Zhang Xiao Qian , Zhang Guang
Published: December 2012

To recycle waste heat from circulating water, the model of the power plant heat pump regenerative thermal system is put forward, and the indexes of the system are analyzed. It is indicated in the specific case that the absorption heat pump has an advantage over the compression heat pump. Using the extraction steam of the low pressure cylinder as its driving heat source, economize on coal can be realized in the condition that the coefficient of performance(COP) of the heat pump is above the critical COP. For the case of the compression heat pump, the fuel efficiency is improved a little, but on the other hand, as the station service power is increased, the power supply coal consumption is increased too.
Analysis of Energy and Environmental Benefits about Ground-Source Heat Pump under Heating Conditions in Wuhan Region
Authors: Hu Xian Fang , Li Yu Yun , Ma Yong , Hu Gui Hua , Tang Qian
Published: December 2012

Based on the heating season testing of ground-source heat pump system (GSHP) in Wuhan, the article discussed the energy efficiency ratio of ground-source heat pump system under the heating conditions. By comparison with conventional chillers & coal-fired boiler system, the system energy savings, environmental benefits and incremental payback period are analysized. There comes to the conclusion that the energy saving rate of the heating season is about 19.74% higher than that of the cooling season, reducing 18.35 kg carbon dioxide emissions, 0.15kg of sulfur dioxide and 0.0743 kg of dust per unit construction area each year. Also this article concludes the annual energy saving rate of ground-source heat pump system equals to that of water-source heat pump, with the payback period 22% longer and the cost-effective ratio 32% higher.
The Numerical Simulation of Ground Source Heat Pump
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wang Ling
Published: December 2012

Set up the three dimension model of ground heat exchanger, consider the temperature variety between inlet and outlet, at the same make the zone into two parts. Use the fluent to slove it . The results prove that because of the temperature difference between inlet and outlet, the temperature approach inlet varies serious than that approach outlet. With the depth increasing, the temperature difference would be little, but the center temperature is high.
Design and Operation Prediction of Groundwater Heat Pump
Authors: Deng Xiao Qiong
Published: December 2012

This article based on a large-scale water source heat pump engineering in a city of China, according to the experiment and survey of pumping site as well as hydrogeological parameters combined with the building load requirements, the design scheme of cluster wells pumping and injection was given. A numerical simulation was also done in order to analyze and forecast the temperature changes in aquifer and thermal breakthrough, well group interference problems for the next 3 years. Moreover an experience equation about change of average temperature of water source heat pump wells was got which will provide reference for design and operation of GWHP for others.
Statistical Analysis of Weather Effects on PM2.5
Authors: Dai Wei , Gao Jia Qi , Wang Bo , Ouyang Feng
Published: December 2012

Effects of weather conditions including temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind and direction on PM2.5 were studied using statistical methods. PM2.5 samples were collected during the summer and the winter in a suburb of Shenzhen. Then, correlations, hypothesis test and statistical distribution of PM2.5 and meteorological data were analyzed with IBM SPSS predictive analytics software. Seasonal and daily variations of PM2.5 have been found and these mainly resulted from the weather effects.
The Research and Design of Modern Agricultural Greenhouse Environment Test System
Authors: Liu Qiang , Yang Shu Chen , Lian Xin Ge , Wang Jun
Published: December 2012

Modern agricultural production cannot leave the control of environment. This thesis, on the basis of in depth analysis of greenhouse intelligent control, connect intelligence sensor and the control of SCM(Single Chip Microcomputer) to deal with some factors of greenhouse intelligentialize control. It provided design proposal of SCM humiture and light intensity detecting system. This system used layering and building block design. All the system is consisted by data acquisition system, SCM control system and computer observation system. The core of system is SCM and the measuring element is a number of temperature and humidity sensor. Through the connection of SCM and intelligence sensor, collecting and storing the measured data of intelligence sensor. In the system of SCM, realize the function of procedural expanding storage, real-time display of data, transfinite voice calling, auxiliary data storage. SCM, as a center of supervisory control computer and intelligence sensor connection, make collected data send to supervisory control computer for corresponding through RS232 line and supervisory control computer. Supervisory control computer make the data of SCM transmission proceed to record, to save, to handle and to alarm. It can support staff to scan, to record and to do some dealing.
Modeling the Dynamics of Chlorophyll-a in Bohai Bay Using a Bayesian Network Approach
Authors: Xu Xiao Fu , Nie Hong Tao , Tao Jian Hua
Published: December 2012

The relative importance of chemical, physical and ecological processes in driving phytoplankton dynamics is poorly understood in Bohai Bay. Here we developed a Bayesian network (BN) model to integrate many of these processes and model the growth of chlorophyll-a in coastal area of Bohai Bay. BNs use probabilistic relationships rather than deterministic rules to quantify the cause and effect assumptions. The result shows that predictions of the model have an average accuracy of 65%, and chlorophyll-a dynamics were primarily driven by nutrients rather than physical environment and biological system. High concentration of nutrients was the suitable environmental condition for harmful algal blooms (HABs).
Optimization of the Spectrophotometry Analysis Conditions of the Permanganate Index
Authors: Zhao Jun , Zhang Wei , Sun Mo Jie , Wei Xing Shuang
Published: December 2012

Permanganate index (CODMn) is one of the important indicators used to evaluate the pollution level of the water, the current national standard method is the redox titration. The research of measuring permanganate index using adopting the spectrophotometry by using the strong oxidation characteristics of the potassium permanganate. Through research, the selected optimum analysis parameters: detection wavelength 525 nm，potassium permanganate concentration 0.0025 mol/L , sulfuric acid dosage 5.00 mL, heating temperature 90 °C and heating time 30 min. Compared with the national standard method, this method would simplify the reaction process, reduce error and guarantee the test accuracy. The evaluation of this test method confirms it has high accuracy and sensitivity, which is also easy to operate and fulfill the online monitoring.
Online Determination of Anionic Surfactant in Environmental Water
Authors: Wei Liang , Dai Yi Chun
Published: December 2012

It was found that ethyl violet can react with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfate (SDBS) to form ion associates in pH 2.2 ~ 2.8 of buffer solution of potassium hydrogen phthalate and hydrochloric acid in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol. Based on this, a method was proposed for online determination of anionic surfactant in environmental waterby. Under the optimum experimental conditions, Beers law was obeyed in the concentration range of 80 µg/L ~ 3500 µg/L of anionic surfactant (SDBS). The relative standard deviation of 2.1% was was obtained by injecting 800 µg/L of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfate standard solution (n=10). The detection limit calculated from three times of the average background noise was 4.39 µg/L. The proposed method had been applied successfully to the determination of anionic surfactant in environmental water and the results showed good agreement with that of the standard method.
The Analysis and Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Wastewater of Tungsten Mine Area
Authors: Wu Wei Ming , Deng Shun , Du Hai Yan
Published: December 2012

A systematic research has been presented to the situation of heavy metal pollution in the wastewater which flows through the mining area, tailings area, farmland and rive in a tungsten mine area of Ganzhou. The content of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd in the wastewater sample had been determined through directly inhalation by flame atomic absorption spectrometry(FAAS). While the content of Cr, Ni in the wastewater was also determined after the collected wastewater sample had been adjusted to pH＜2 with nitric acid. The results show that Pb, Zn is the main pollution factors in the region. The pollution in the mining area is the most serious. It is a bit lower in the tailings area than in the mining area. The content of Zn in the farmland has exceeded the standard. And the water in the river that closed mining area is normal. The mining area and tailings area is not suitable for the cultivation of edible plants. Cement ditches should be set up for the wastewater which flows through the farmland
Filtration Performance of Particle Removal from Gas with Ceramic Candle Filter
Authors: Li Hai Xia , Gao Bing Guang
Published: December 2012

A gas-particle separation system was established to study the filtration performance where twelve ceramic filters were divided into four groups. Filters in the same group will be cleaned by pulse back-flow at once. The pressure distribution and variation during filtration and pulse back-flow washing in four group filter and along filter length was measured. The main pressure drop occurs across the filter porous wall. The pressure at filter cavity decreases from the close end to open end of the candle filter. The gas velocity magnitude inside the filter system during filtration process is generally relatively low inside the vessel. The velocity increases as the gas passes across the filter walls and enters the outlet of the filter tube.
Simulation to Investigate the Reasons for the Sediment Deposition in the Upper Reach of the Deepwater Navigation Channel in the Changjiang River Estuary
Authors: Gu Jie , Chen Wei , Qin Xin , Ma Dan Qing , Wang Xiao Li , Yang Ji Zhong
Published: December 2012

At present, the upper reach of the Deepwater Navigation Channel is silted heavily, which brings negative influences on navigation. A two-dimensional numerical model is set up to simulate the hydrodynamics of the Changjiang River Estuary with Delft3D-FLOW in this paper. This model has been validated with the observed tidal level, flow velocity magnitude and direction, and the computed results agree well with the observed data, which also shows the model can well simulate the hydrodynamics of the Changjiang River Estuary caused by the Deepwater Navigation Channel Project. Based on the analysis of computed results, especially the velocity along the South Passage and North Passage, the flood and ebb flow in the Hengsha Passage, and the flow spilt ratio of South Passage and North Passage, it presents that one fundamental reason for the sediment deposition in the upper reach of the Deepwater Navigation Channel is that the velocity along the North Passage is far less than that along South Passage, above all, the velocity in North Passage upstream of the Hengsha Passage is even smaller; another reason is that the flood and ebb flow of Hengsha Passage are large, which weakens the water exchange between the North Passage and South Channel.
Study on Asphalt Solidification of Hospital Waste Incineraten Fly Ash
Authors: Wei Liang , Dai Yi Chun
Published: December 2012

Asphalt solidification of hospital waste Incineraten fly ash was studied based on that asphalt can immobilize the heavy metals in fly ash. In the nature hospital waste incineraten fly ash, the leachate concentration of Zn (279.2 mg/L) and Pb (19.88 mg/L)) were significantly higher than the regulatory limit by TCLP test while the leachate concentration of Cu (1.51 mg/L), Cd(0.97 mg/L) and Ni (0.49 mg/L) were respectively beyond the regulatory limit of TCLP. In the asphalt solidified hospital waste incineraten fly ash, the leachate concentration of the heavy metals increased with the increase of fly ash rate in solidified fly ash from 10% to 40%, and the leachate concentration of 5 studied heavy metals were under the limit of the standard.
Enhanced Biotransformation of Dinitrotoluene by Mediator-Functionalized Polypyrrole Composites
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Guang Fei , Lu Hong , Zhou Ji Ti , Li Lihua
Published: December 2012

The continuous dosing and discharge of water soluble redox mediators such as biologically recalcitrant compounds will result in the secondary contamination. The immobilized redox mediator prepared by incorporation of anthraquinonedisulphon-ate (AQDS) during the electropolymerization of pyrrole monomer on active carbon felt (ACF), AQDS/PPy/ACF, was used for catalyzing bioreduction of 2,4-dinitrotoluene(2,4-DNT) in this study. The results showed that the morphology of the PPy films deposits on ACF are characterized by some globular structure; AQDS/PPy/ACF exhibited good catalytic activity and stability for 2,4-DNT, the enhanced reduction rates obtained in the incubations with AQDS/PPy/ACF was about 5 times that without AQDS/PPy/ACF, the corresponding first-order reduction rate constant k reached 0.045 h-1; 2,4-DNT was reduced to be 2,4-diaminotoluene via 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene and 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene in the system.
The Landscape Ecological Reconstruction Design of Urban Landfill
Authors: Lv Da , Zhang Xin Xin , Deng Ming
Published: December 2012

Landfills are unique urban waste landfill type, formed under the severe negative influence of human disturbance, with seriously degradation in ecosystem structure and function. This review analyzes the landfills’ impact on the environment and landscape potential, by utilizing the change of land ecosystem to recover the landfill ecological balance, and coordination of construction and surrounding landscape in order to realize the reconstruction of landscape ecological.
The Study of Biological Combination System to Remedy the Polluted River
Authors: Shang Hai Tao , Yang Qi , Fang Sheng Hua , Jin Bing Quan
Published: December 2012

As a sewage disposal system, a biological combination system of constructed wetlands and sand filters was set up to develop the technology, to improve the disposal performance, to offer the theoretical foundation and technical parameters for realizing the standardized engineering construc- tion. The results show that: 1) The system shows certain removal efficiency to CODCr, TN, NH4-N and TP, however because of the limited space on the bank, the results are not so satisfying.2) Among the aquatic plants selected on the principle of native species, Water Celery, Canna Generalis, Iris and Ranunculus Sceleratus can grow very well.3) The revetments make the DO rise by about 5~7mg/L, of which ecological board revetment has the best re-oxygenation performance.
Comparison and Selection of Different Medium on the Effect of Improving Soil Deodorization
Authors: Xu Zu Xin , Huang Jian Xiu , Li Huai Zheng , Chen Wei Bing , Wang Wei Gang
Published: December 2012

Based on the investigation of odor concentration of retention tank in combined system, it aim at the removal of mixed odor and pressure drop with blast furnace slag, pebble, sand as improved medium and soil as contrast through mixed odor of ammonia gas and hydrogen sulfide made in lab-scale. The results showed that the removal rate of H2S by different medium packed column becomes stable after 12 days, and 35 days for NH3. Pressure drop of each column meets with Equation Ergum and under the same condition the order is as follows: soil>sand>pebble>blast furnace slag. And the removal rate of each medium is: soil>sand>blast furnace slag. The soil is good for removal but its pressure drop is so high that it limits flow charge, thus its removal rate is the lowest. As a result, sand and pebble as the medium for soil deodorization considering pressure drop and the effect of deodorization were chosen. It turns out that the removal rate of NH3 is higher than 65% while H2S higher than 98%.
Sulfur Transformations during Supercritical Water Oxidation of Methanthiol and Thiirane
Authors: Ma Hong He , Wang Shu Zhong , Zhou Lu
Published: December 2012

The oxidation of methanthiol and thiirane in supercritical water was explored by using a tubular-flow reactor system using oxygen as oxidant. No sulfur containing species existed in the gaseous effluent. Sulfide, sulfite and sulfate were detected as the sulfur containing species in the liquid effluent for supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) of methannthiol, while it was determined as thiosulfate, sulfite and sulfate for SCWO of thiirane. When reaction temperature exceeded 873K, the sulfur contained in the methanthiol or thiirane all transformed into the liquid products. Oxidant stoichiometric ratio had little effect on the conversion rate of sulfur but could promoted sulfite converted into sulfate. Sulfide and thiosulfate were determined as the exclusive sulfur containing product arising directly from methanthiol and thiirane, respectively. The transformation pathways of sulfur contained in the methanthiol and thiirane were proposed as methanthiol-sulfide-sulfite-sulfate and thiirane-thiosulfate-sulfite-sulfate, respectively.
Fermentation Production of EM Active Calcium and its Performance for the Prevention on Blossom-End Rot in Facility Tomato Cultivation
Authors: Chen Jing Nan , Shao Xiao Hou , Chang Ting Ting , Chen Li Hua , Wang Wei Na , Yin Chao
Published: December 2012

The blossom-end rot (BER) induced by calcium deficiency will cause a great impact on tomato yield and quality. Aimed at the tomato physical barriers caused by calcium deficiency, the composite micro-organisms (EM) fermentation technology was applied to configure biological active calcium preparations of different calcium concentrations, with raw materials of calcium sulfate, lime and gypsum. The active calcium preparation with calcium concentration of 1 ‰ was sprayed on the fruits during the fruit development period in the field experiment. The results show that lime with highest solubility is the best raw material for the fermentation of EM active calcium preparations with the consideration of higher calcium concentration, reasonable pH and EC value, and the lowest cost. It also shows the incidence of blossom-end rot of the experimental group is 35.36 % lower than that of CK.
Activities of Activated Sludge Affected by Pharmaceutical Wastewater in a Membrane Bioreactor
Authors: Ding Yuan Hong , Wang Qing , Ren Hong Qiang
Published: December 2012

a submerged membrane bioreactor was used to treat the effluent of a pharmaceutical wastewater treatment system, the treated water is rich in ammonia nitrogen and organic compounds (NH4-N, averaged in 78.1 mg/L; COD, averaged in 189.5 mg/L), the final effluent of membrane bioreactor was stably below 50 mg/L COD and 40 mg/L NH4-N respectively, the activity of nitrifying bacteria was inhibited by high concentrations of organic compounds and ammonia nitrogen, a rapid declination of filtration was probably resulted form high concentrations of organic compounds and biomass.
The Research on the Adsorptive Capability and Adsorption Isotherm of Modified Talcum Powder to Methylene Blue
Authors: Liu Wen Lei , Zhao Shan Lin , Cui Shuang , Yang Shuang Chun , Shang Li Yan
Published: December 2012

The preparation conditions of modified talcum powder were investigated by discuss the effects of nitric acid mass concentration, nitric acid soak temperature, roasting temperature and roasting time on adsorption properties of methylene blue by talcum powder. Methylene blue dye, as target pollutant, exhibits difficult biochemical degradable characters. The adsorption isotherm of adsorption process was discussed by using the Langmuir isotherm model and Freundlich isotherms model. The results show that the rate of adsorption of methylene blue decreased with the increasing of roasting temperatures and nitric acid soak temperature of modificated talcum powder. The adsorption value of methylene blue of the modified talcum powder increased gradually，then decreased with the increase of roasting time. Compare with the unmodified talcum powder，the adsorption value of methylene blue of the modified talcum powder decreased when roasting temperature and roasting time is too high. With the nitric acid mass concentration increasing, the adsorption of methylene blue on the modified talcum powder increased. It is found that the adsorptive ability of modified talcum powder by HNO3 is higher than original talcum powder. The best talcum powder modified preparation condition is that nitric acid mass concentration 50%, the nitric acid soaks temperature 40°C, calcined temperature 200°C for 120 mins. The removal rate of methylene blue is 84.6% under these preparation conditions. The experimental date fitted very well with the Langmuir isotherms model.
Start-Up and Cultivation of A2N Denitrifying Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal System
Authors: Niu Ming Fen , Jiao Hong Jing , Xu Li , Yu Yan , Wei Jian
Published: December 2012

A2N is two-sludge system, by using the method that first bringing up the cultivation of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB) and nitrification biofilm separately then connecting them, which can start up A2N system successfully. Nitrification biofilm was cultivated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). After 30 days, NH4+-N effluent concentration steadily stayed below 0.5mg·L-1.In another SBR, the activated sludge for the enrichment of DPB is from the anaerobic tank, which was firstly operated under anaerobic/aerobic (A/O) condition. After 20 days, PAOs was successfully enriched. Then, the activated sludge was conducted under anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (A/A/O) condition, maintaining the anaerobic time, gradually increased anoxic time and induced aerobic time. After 30 days DPB was successfully enriched, two phases totally take 50 days. The removal efficiency of total nitrogen and phosphorus are above 85 % and 95 %, so that A2N system was started up successfully.
Isolation and Characterization of Aerobic Denitrifying Bacteria
Authors: Xu Xiao Lu , Shen Xiu Ying , Zhang De Yong , Lu Yin , Hao Fei Lin
Published: December 2012

An aerobic denitrifying bacterium was isolated from sludge in wastewater pool. The isolate was identified by Microbial Identification System as Pseudomonas stutzeri. The bacterium isolated could degradate nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and amonium salt nitrogen. The bacterium resulted in 82.4% NO3 – -N removal rate, 40.1% NO2 – -N removal rate and 87.9% NH4+-N removal rate respectively at 24 h in a characterization experiment. The isolate preferred to utilize sodium citrate as carbon source. Temperature was confirmed to be an important factor effecting the denitrification reaction. Optimization of reaction condition resulted in over 96% NO3 – -N removal rate after 48 h of treatment.
The Experimental Research on Treatment of Cr (VI) -Containing Wastewater by N-Doped Nano-TiO2
Authors: Wang Shu Qin , Zhang Ding Lin
Published: December 2012

N-doping TiO2 was prepared by sol-gel method. The XRD, BET and UV techniques were used to characterize the crystalline structure.The photocatalytic effects of Cr (VI) were studied with the fluorescence lamp illumination. The visible light-induced photocatalytic reduction mechanisms of Cr (VI) were discussed. The results showed that N-doping nano-TiO2 increased the visible-light responsive photocatalytic activity because of the increase of the surface area and decrease the band gap. There are the optima of the dosage and pHvalue. The removal efficiency of Cr (VI) was greater than 95% when the doping amount of N was 28%, dosage was 1.5g and pH was 2.5. The photocatalytic reactions of Cr (VI) included two parts─adsorption and reduction which was the rate-controlling step. The results provide some references for the Cr (VI) control and further application of TiO2.
The Experimental Study of Using Calcium Silicate Slag to Recover Phosphorus in Polluted Water
Authors: Luan Zhong Yue , Qi Hong Bin , Li De Hua
Published: December 2012

Using the hydrated calcium silicate slag which was the remain of preparation potassium sulfate, aluminum hydroxide and layered sodium silicate by thermal decomposition insoluble potassium feldspar as crystal seed to recover phosphorus in polluted water. By orthorhombic experiment of the adsorption, we can get the optimize condition: pH value is 5.3, slag concentration is 5g L-1, the temperature is 35°C, the oscillation time is 8h. Equilibrium isotherms have been determined and analyzed by BET type. The pseudo second-order kinetics equation can be a better fit on adsorption phosphorus process.
Prospect Analysis of Air Pollutants Synergistic Reduction in Iron and Steel Industry
Authors: Shen Peng , Fu Ze Qiang , Ye Jing , Gao Bao
Published: December 2012

Iron and Steel industry, as one of the pillar industries in national economy of China, is a typical resource, energy and pollution intensive industry. During the 12th Five-Year Plan, it would be very difficult to achieve the pollutants emission reduction goal if iron and steel industry still carries on the way that treatment and control of different pollutants in different methods, which would also result in substantive economic cost. This article, based on the current research on the application of synergies in China and developed countries, and also on the development of pollutants synergies reduction in iron and steel industry, analyzed the prospect of synergies reduction in iron and steel industry.
Preliminary Research on Chrome Pollution in Farmland Surface Soil around Gold Mining Area
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Lei
Published: December 2012

Zhaoyuan city, Shandong Province, is a city rich in mineral resources. In order to study the pollution characteristics of chrome in soil around gold mining area near Zhaoyuan City, the surface soil samples were gathered. The chrome content in soil samples was determined by atomic absorption spectrometric method. The results show that the range of chrome contents in surface soil around gold mining areas are from 7.54mg/kg to 54.23mg/kg, with the average content being 23.11mg/kg. There is an obvious positive correlation between the chrome contents in the surface soil samples and their corresponding value of the organic matter, and there is no relationship between the chrome content in soils and their corresponding value of pH and CEC. The result indicated that chrome pollution of surface soil in gold mining areas is not particularly serious.
Adsorption Behaviors of Chlortetracycline on Granular Activated Carbons
Authors: Zhang Man Cheng , Wang Wei , Huang Cong Jian , Li Ai Min
Published: December 2012

The adsorption behaviors of chlortetracycline on two kinds of granular activated carbons with different BET surface area and average pore width have been studied. The results show that larger BET surface area is beneficial for the adsorption capacity, and wider pore structure can enhance the adsorption rate. Initial solution pH has great effect on the adsorption behavior, and the suitable pH for the effective adsorption is from 4 to 8.
Application of Improved Genetic Algorithm in Determination of Parameters of S-P Water Quality Model
Authors: Liu Bing Xiang , Lai Xiao Liang , Cao Qun , Cheng Xiang
Published: December 2012

Determination of parameters is an important work for establishing the water quality model to perform the mathematical simulation. In this paper, the improved genetic algorithm is applied in evaluation of the parameters of S-P water quality model. This method has overcome the shortages of parameters estimation as before. The computed results have indicated this method with a very high precision and easy realized by the computer.
Vertical Distribution and Pollution Characteristics of Soil Heavy Metals in a Relocation Paint Factory
Authors: Hu Hao , Feng Yu Zhao , Yang Yi , Wang Shu Guang , Li Can Liang
Published: December 2012

Selected six soil profiles in a relocation paint factory, respectively sampling at 20cm, 50cm, 100cm of each profile and detecting the Pb、Zn、Cd、Ni content to research the vertical distribution and pollution characteristics. The results showed that: part of the sample profiles were in different degrees of pollution by Pb and Zn. When the heavy metals were not accumulated in the soil upper layers, the content of the heavy metals fluctuated around the background value, when the heavy metals were accumulated in the soil upper layers, the heavy metals contents down a decreasing trend from upper layers to lower layers.
The Effect of Glucose on Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cell Biosorption of Strontium under Simulation Culture Conditions
Authors: Liu Ming Xue , Dong Fa Qin , Zhang Dong , Kang Wu , Wei Hong Fu , Gou Qing Bi , Sun Yu , Du Xu Guang
Published: December 2012

The effect of glucose on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell biosorption of strontium under simulation culture conditions was studied in this research. The results showed that the glucose adding did not abviously increase the biosorption efficiency in 30-150 min and after 8 h. The glucose adding might stimulate the S.cerevisiae cell biosorption of strontium ions in 4-8 h for high initial strontium concentration. The results indicated that the glucose adding only stimulated S.cerevisiae cell biosorption of strontium at certain biosorption time and the biosorption process first was a physical adsorption followed bioaccumulation according to interface process and cell growth cycle under simulation culture conditions.
Impacts of Ultrasound and Ozone Disinfection of WWTPs Secondary Effluent
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Li Zi Fu , Zhang Yang
Published: December 2012

Disinfection is the essential and final process of municipal wastewater treatment plant. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of ultrasound on ozone disinfection effect. The results showed that combination of ozone and ultrasound can enhance the disinfection efficiency. After ultrasound combined with ozone treatment (US/O3) for 5min, a 2.51 log reduction of fecal coliform and a 2.24 log reduction of total bacteria were achieved. As the ultrasound power density increased from 0 to 55 W/L, a 2.59 log reduction of fecal coliform and a 2.36 log reduction of total bacteria were achieved. However, as the power density increased to 99 W/L, the increase in the overall efficiency of disinfection was not obvious. Moreover, with frequency at 20 kHz, 28 kHz and 40 kHz, 2.49, 2.58, 2.62 log reductions of fecal coliform and 2.14, 2.46, 2.51 log reductions of total bacteria were achieved, respectively.
The Feasibility Analysis of Applying SCR Technology to Regenerative Combustion System
Authors: Tian Zhong Jun , Jin Shi Ping , Li Tan , Hao Zhen Biao , Wen Wu Qi
Published: December 2012

The regenerative combustion technology has been widely used in the recovery of flue gas waste heat, but the denitration is not considered. This article is based on the comprehensive application of the Selective Catalytic Reduction(SCR) technology and the regenerative combustion technology to recycling waste heat and removing NOx from flue gas. In many industrial heating processes, the temperature of flue gas falls from above 1000°C to the ambient temperature (50°C-100°C) along regenerators, while the temperature window of most catalysts ranges from 200°C to 450°C, meanwhile catalysts and regenerative cells are porous mediums, so the regenerative cells that hold a temperature range for catalytic reactions can be replaced by catalysts, and the waste heat of flue gas can be recovered and the nitrogen oxides can be removed simultaneously.
Short-Cut Nitrification and Denitrification Treatment for High Strengh Ammonium Wastewater Using a Pilot-Scale “Anoxic-Anaerobic-Microaerobic-Aerobic (A2O2)” System
Authors: Gao Jian Lei , Lv Bing Nan , Yan Yi Xin , Wu Jian Ping
Published: December 2012

A pilot-scale nitrogen removal system composed of an anoxic area, an anaerobic area, a microaerobic area and an aerobic area (A2O2) was established to treat high strength ammonium wastewater from a nitrogenous fertilizer factory. The influences of key factors such as DO, pH, FA and temperature on partial nitrification in the microaerobic area were investigated. The results showed that in the DO concentration of 0.5~0.7mg/L, the stable and efficient nitrite accumulation could be realized. Meanwhile, the effluent NH3-N and TN quality was superior to the requirement of the《Synthetic ammonia industrial water contamination emission standard》(draft for comment). The optimal pH of 7.5~8.0 and the corresponding free ammonia (FA) concentration of around 0.95 mg/L limited the nitrobacteria activity selectively, thus favoring the stability of partial nitrification. The nitrite accumulation rate didn’t show obvious difference in wide temperature range (18~35°C) at given DO (0.5~0.7mg/L) and pH (7.5~8.0). But contrary to the usual partial nitrification obtained by high temperatures (>30°C), the effluent ammonium of A2O2system was substandard due to the inhibition of nitrobacteria activity caused by high temperature, which diminished the further removal of ammonium in the subsequent aerobic area.
Influence of Triton X-100 and SDBS on the Sorption of Streptomycin Sulfate from Soil
Authors: Zhao Hong Mei , Liang Yong Li , Zhao Wen Yan
Published: December 2012

Although surfactants have been considered in surfactant-aided soil washing systems, there is little information on the adsorption of the impact of surfactant on the adsorption of antibiotic, and this may have signiﬁcant implications for the soil. In this study, Triton X-100 and SDBS were selected to study its effect on the sorption of Streptomycin sulfate from soil under equilibrium sorption. The adsorption of Streptomycin sulfate on soils in surfactant free and surfactant solutions of different critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) has been studied .The applied surfactant concentrations (X) ranged from below the (nominal) CMC to 5 times the CMC. For relatively water-soluble Streptomycin sulfate, the distribution coefﬁcients with anionic surfactant (Kd*) deceeded those without surfactant (Kd), while non-ionic (Kd*) all exceeded those without surfactant (Kd). The Kd*/Kd ratios were used to evaluate the efficiency of surfactants and it was found that anionic surfactant is a better choice for remediation of contaminated soils whereas non-ionic surfactants leads to poor remediation efficiency.
The Electric Catalysis Oxidization Treatment of Anion Surfactants in Wastewater
Authors: Jing Chang Yong , Ling Shao Hua
Published: December 2012

The treatment of anion surfactants in wastewater with the electrochemical reactor is studied in this paper. Factors affecting the removal rate were investigated,such as anode material、electric current density、electrolyse time、electrolyte and pH etc.At the optimal conditions of electric current density 30 mA/cm2 electrolyse time 45min, conductivity 1100µs/cm and pH 7-8，the removal rate of anion surfactants can be more than 97%. The middle outcome of the treatment is studied with UV analysis methods.
Parameter Inversion of Tritium Migration Based on Parallel Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Cao Yuan , Wang Wen Ke , Wang Tie Liang , Wang Ying Jie
Published: December 2012

To calibrate model parameters of tritium migration in a test site of China, an intelligent parameter inversion model based on parallel genetic algorithm is built, a forward and inverse coupling program of radionuclide migration is designed, and the values of key parameters like hydraulic conductivity, dispersity and porosity are inverted automatically on a mainframe computer, by means of abundant observation data of tritium concentration. The inversion results accord with observation data well on the whole. Compared to manual adjustment method, this method has better overall convergence, higher calculated precision and efficiency, and less manpower cost. The results show that parallel genetic algorithm is feasible and valid in application to parameter inversion of tritium migration.
Study on the Pollution Characteristic of VOCs in Ambient Air of Chengdu
Authors: Yuan Hua Wei , Yin Hong Ling , Huang Yun , Qian Shu , Xie Zhen Wei , Su Qin Kai , Qin Qing
Published: December 2012

In this study, the environmental behavior of major VOCs in ambient air were investigated in urban and suburban areas in Chengdu city in the spring of 2012. VOCs samples were collected by sorbent tubes with TENAX TA, and were analyzed by thermal desorption followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The most abundant VOCs were aromatic hydrocarbons (58.09%), next in order were alkanes(15.28%), esters(11.27%), aldehydes and ketones(7.64%), acids and heterocyclic compounds(3.39%), olefins(2.96%), alcohols(0.84%), amines(0.35%), ethers(0.17%). Alkanes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, esters and alcohols had the similar diurnal variation, and their concentration peaks appeared in the morning 08-09; ethers, aldehydes and ketones had similar characteristics of diurnal variation, and their concentration peaks occurred in the afternoon 14-15. This paper provided an overview and some useful information for approaching the composition characteristics, concentration levels and variation in ambient air of Chengdu
Kinetic and Equilibrium of Biosorption of Methylene Blue by Sunflower Straw
Authors: Chen Li Ping , Dalai Si Qin
Published: December 2012

With sunflower straw as low-cost biosorbent, the biosorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution was studied by batch biosorption technique. The biosorption experiments were carried out under different conditions of solution pH, sunflower straw dose, and temperature. The results showed that biosorption of MB on to sunflower straw affected remarkably by the pH value, and the maximum biosorption amount was achieved at an optimum pH of 12.0; the equilibrium biosorption amount decreased as temperature was increasing, and the biosorption process might be depicted primly by Langmuir function; It was shown that the biosorption of methylene blue could be described by the pseudo-second-order equation.
Investigation of the Kinetics of Sulfite Oxidation on by-Production Recovery Process in WFGD
Authors: Xu Hong Jian , Wang Shu Fang , Pan Wei Guo , Guo Rui Tang
Published: December 2012

The limestone-lime washing technology is the most widely used WFGD process, which normally we adopt to control the discharge of SO2 caused by coal’s combustion. Through the research on the oxidation kinetics of sulfite in this paper, it is indicated that macroscopic chemical reaction which responses to rate of sulfite is 1/2. And the results of orthogonal test can be concluded that: to the extent influence of oxidization reaction rate, the influences of temperature is the most significant, and influences of stirred speed is nearly negligible. The optimized operation factors may be shown as that temperature is controlled at 40°C, air ventilation is at 88ml/min,pH is 4.5 and stir speed is 500 r/min.
Removal of Organic Acids from Pharmaceutical Condensate by Reverse Osmosis Membranes
Authors: Sun Xiao Ming , Qiao Qi , Liu Jing Yang
Published: December 2012

Four influencing factors (pH, pressure, temperature and feed water conductivity) in the separation of organic matter by the reverse osmosis were studied for the treatment and reuse of the pharmaceutical condensate. The pH of feed water had an obvious effect on the desalination rate and TOC removal rate. The temperature and pressure can obviously affect the recovery rate. In order to get a better treatment result the pH of the feed water should be maintained at above 6, the temperature should not exceed 35 °C during the operation, the pressure should be controlled at 1 to 1.5MPa.