bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A high-throughput gut-on-chip platform to study the epithelial responses to enterotoxins
Authors: Morelli Moran , Cabezuelo Rodríguez Marta , Queiroz Karla
Published: March 2024

Enterotoxins are a type of toxins that primarily affect the intestines. Understanding their harmful effects is essential for food safety and medical research. Current methods lack high-throughput, robust, and translatable models capable of characterizing toxin-specific epithelial damage. Pressing concerns regarding enterotoxin contamination of foods and emerging interest in clinical applications of enterotoxins emphasize the need for new platforms. Here, we demonstrate how Caco-2 tubules can be used to study the effect of enterotoxins on the human intestinal epithelium, reflecting toxins’ distinct pathogenic mechanisms. After exposure of the model to toxins nigericin, ochratoxin A, patulin and melittin, we observed dose-dependent reductions in barrier permeability as measured by TEER, which were detected with higher sensitivity than previous studies using conventional models. Combination of LDH release assays and DRAQ7 staining allowed comprehensive evaluation of toxin cytotoxicity, which was only observed after exposure to melittin and ochratoxin A. Furthermore, the study of actin cytoskeleton allowed to assess toxin-induced changes in cell morphology, which were only caused by nigericin. Altogether, our study highlights the potential of our Caco-2 tubular model in becoming a multi-parametric and high-throughput tool to bridge the gap between current enterotoxin research and translatable in vivo models of the human intestinal epithelium.
Preliminary characterization of gut mycobiome enterotypes reveals the correlation trends between host metabolic parameter and diet: a case study in the Thai Cohort
Authors: Mok Kevin , Poolsawat Thitirat , Somnuk Surasawadee , Wanikorn Bandhita , Patumcharoenpol Preecha , Nitisinprasert Sunee , Vongsangnak Wanwipa , Nakphaichit Massalin
Published: March 2024

The association between the gut mycobiome and its potential influence on host metabolism in the Thai Cohort was assessed. Two distinct predominant enterotypes, Saccharomyces (Sa) and Aspergillus/Penicillium (Ap/Pe) showed differences in gut mycobiota diversity and composition. Notably, the Sa enterotype exhibited lower evenness and richness, likely due to the prevalence of Saccharomyces, while both enterotypes displayed unique metabolic behaviors related to nutrient metabolism and body composition. Fiber consumption was positively correlated with adverse body composition and fasting glucose levels in individuals with the Sa enterotype, whereas in the Ap/Pe enterotype it was positively correlated with fat and protein intake. The metabolic functional analysis revealed the Sa enterotype associated with carbohydrate metabolism, while the Ap/Pe enterotype involved in lipid metabolism. Very interestingly, the genes involved in the pentose and glucuronate interconversion pathway, such as polygalacturonase and l-arabinose-isomerase, were enriched in the Sa enterotype signifying a metabolic capacity for complex carbohydrate degradation and utilization of less common sugars as energy sources. These findings highlight the interplay between gut mycobiome composition, dietary habits, and metabolic outcomes within the Thai cohort studies.
Static magnetic field reduces cisplatin resistance via increasing apoptosis pathways and genotoxicity in cancer cell lines
Authors: Zafari Jaber , Rastegar-Pouyani Nima , Javani Jouni Fatemeh , Najjar Nabaa , Azarshin Seyedeh Zohreh , Jafarzadeh Emad , Abdolmaleki Parviz , Hoseini Shirazi Farshad
Published: March 2024

Cisplatin is a chemotherapy drug widely used in cancer treatment. Alongside its clinical benefits, however, it may inflict intolerable toxicity and other adverse effects on healthy tissues. Due to the limitation of administering a high dose of cisplatin as well as cancer drug resistance, it is necessary to utilize new methods optimizing treatment modalities through both higher therapeutic efficacy and reduced administered doses of radiation and drugs. In this study, sensitive (A2780) and resistant (A2780CP) ovarian carcinoma cells underwent treatment with cisplatin + static magnetic field (SMF). First, the levels of genotoxicity after treatment were evaluated by Comet assay. Then, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assay were conducted by a flow cytometer. Lastly, the expression levels of genes involved in apoptosis and cellular drug uptake were investigated by PCR. After treating different groups of cells for 24, 48, and 96 h, the co-treatment of SMF and cisplatin as a combination managed to increase the amount of DNA damage in both sensitive and resistant cell lines. A considerable increase in mortality of cells was also observed mostly in the form of apoptosis, which was caused by inhibition of the cell cycle. The combination also increased the expression levels of apoptotic genes, namely P53 and P21; however, it did not have much effect on the expression levels of BCL2. Besides, the levels of CTR1 gene expression increased significantly in the groups receiving the aforementioned combination. Our study suggests that the combination of cisplatin + SMF might have clinical potential which needs further investigations through future studies.
MicroRNA-221-3p inhibits the inflammatory response of keratinocytes by regulating the DYRK1A/STAT3 signaling pathway to promote wound healing in diabetes
Authors: Hu Keyan , Liu Lei , Tang Songtao , Zhang Xin , Chang Hongfeng , Chen Wenyang , Fan Taotao , Zhang Lesha , Shen Bing , Zhang Qiu
Published: March 2024

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), a serious complication of diabetes, remains a clinical challenge. MicroRNAs affect inflammation and may have therapeutic value in DFU. Here, we find that an miR-221-3p mimic reduces the inflammatory response and increases skin wound healing rates in a mouse model of diabetes, whereas miR-221-3p knockout produced the opposite result. In human keratinocytes cells, miR-221-3p suppresses the inflammatory response induced by high glucose. The gene encoding DYRK1A is a target of miR-221-3p. High glucose increases the expression of DYRK1A, but silencing DYRK1A expression decreases high glucose–induced inflammatory cytokine release via dephosphorylation of STAT3, a substrate of DYRK1A. Application of miR-221-3p mimic to human keratinocytes cells not only decreases DYRK1A expression but also inhibits high glucose–induced production of inflammatory cytokines to promote wound healing. This molecular mechanism whereby miR-221-3p regulates inflammation through the DYRK1A/STAT3 signaling pathway suggests targets and therapeutic approaches for treating DFU.
Bacteriophage therapy for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections in humanized mice
Authors: Yang Fan , Labani-Motlagh Alireza , Bohorquez Jose Alejandro , Moreira Josimar Dornelas , Ansari Danish , Patel Sahil , Spagnolo Fabrizio , Florence Jon , Vankayalapati Abhinav , Sakai Tsuyoshi , Sato Osamu , Ikebe Mitsuo , Vankayalapati Ramakrishna , Dennehy John J. , Samten Buka , Yi Guohua
Published: March 2024

The continuing emergence of new strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has renewed interest in phage therapy; however, there has been limited progress in applying phage therapy to multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections. In this study, we show that bacteriophage strains D29 and DS6A can efficiently lyse Mtb H37Rv in 7H10 agar plates. However, only phage DS6A efficiently kills H37Rv in liquid culture and in Mtb-infected human primary macrophages. We further show in subsequent experiments that, after the humanized mice were infected with aerosolized H37Rv, then treated with DS6A intravenously, the DS6A treated mice showed increased body weight and improved pulmonary function relative to control mice. Furthermore, DS6A reduces Mtb load in mouse organs with greater efficacy in the spleen. These results demonstrate the feasibility of developing phage therapy as an effective therapeutic against Mtb infection.
Organocatalytic enantioselective decarboxylative protonation of α-alkyl-α-aryl malonate monoesters
Authors: Guo Cong-Ying , Chen Jia-Zheng , Liu Wen-Ting , Mei Hao , Meng Jie , Chen Jian-Ping
Published: March 2024

A highly enantioselective decarboxylative protonation of acyclic malonic acid derivatives has been realized by a (1R,2R)-trans-diaminocyclohexane derived sulfonamide catalyst.
Solvating lithium and tethering aluminium using di-coordination-strength anions for low-temperature lithium metal batteries
Authors: Chen Jin-Xiu , Zhang Jin-Hao , Fan Xiao-Zhong , Wang Fang-Fang , Tang Wen , Xia Wei , Zhao Yusheng , Kong Long
Published: March 2024

Di-coordination-strength anions can simultaneously solvate lithium and tether aluminium in low-temperature lithium metal batteries: the weakly coordinated anion exerts high ionic transport kinetics while the strongly coordinated anion stabilizes the aluminium surface.
Changes in the structural, physicochemical and functional properties and in vitro fecal fermentation characteristics of barley dietary fiber fermented by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum dy-1
Authors: Xiao Xiang , Li Xiaodong , Bai Juan , Fan Songtao , Daglia Maria , Li Jiaying , Ding Yiwei , Zhang Yanshun , Zhao Yansheng
Published: March 2024

Fermentation is an effective method for improving the nutritional quality and functional characteristics of grains.
Ultra-violet light-driven green oxygen scavenging composite made of PVA/NRL for active packaging: an alternative to metallic oxygen scavengers
Authors: Ramakanth Dakuri , Akhila Konala , Kumar Bittu Prudhvi , Gaikwad Kirtiraj K. , Maji Pradip K.
Published: March 2024

Fabrication of biodegradable oxygen-scavenging films and their activity at different temperatures for food packaging.
Synthesis of an MXene supported Co nanoparticle catalyst for efficient catalytic transfer hydrogenation of nitro compounds with formic acid
Authors: Jian Mingyuan , Dou Kecan , Xie Deqiong , Tu Gaomei , Zhu Weidong , Zhang Fumin
Published: March 2024

The developed 2.6% Co/MXene exhibited excellent catalytic performance for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of readily available nitroarenes employing HCOOH, leading to the specific generation of essential and versatile formamides.
Improving the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of Bi catalysts for formic acid production via size control, morphology regulation and carbon complexation
Authors: Du Wei , Li Min , Liu Qiong , Chen Rong
Published: March 2024

A systematic investigation on the impact of size, morphology, and carbon materials on the electrochemical CO2RR performance of Bi catalysts was conducted.
Discarding metal incorporation in pyrazole macrocycles and the role of the substrate on single-layer assemblies
Authors: Lobo-Checa Jorge , Rodríguez Sindy Julieth , Hernández-López Leyre , Herrer Lucía , Passeggi Mario C. G. , Cea Pilar , Serrano José Luis
Published: March 2024

Metal adatoms do not split, nor replace, the hydrogens at the coordination nodes of pyrazole derivates when forming metallophilic complexes on surfaces. The porous structures are driven by kinetics into divergent substrate dependent arrangements.
Phase transition in WSe2−xTex monolayers driven by charge injection and pressure: a first-principles study
Authors: Chen Liyuan , Chen Li , Chen Hongli , Jiang Kai , Zhu Liangqing , Shang Liyan , Li Yawei , Gong Shijing , Hu Zhigao
Published: March 2024

The phase stability of WSe2−xTex monolayers with different Te concentrations is calculated by the first-principles calculations, while the thermal stability under charge injection and the energy barrier under strain are comprehensively investigated.
Engineering the passivation routes of perovskite films towards high performance solar cells
Authors: Zhu Liangzheng , Xu Shendong , Liu Guozhen , Liu Long , Zhou Han , Ai Zhiqiang , Pan Xu , Zhang Fapei
Published: March 2024

Three kinds of defect passivation methods (DPMs) based on a hydrophobic Lewis acid BCF are applied in PSCs. It is confirmed that both the efficiency and the stability of PSCs can be enhanced by selecting appropriate DPMs.
Construction of a stable fluorescent sensor based on CsPbBr3/CdS core/shell quantum dots for selective and sensitive detection of tetracycline in ethanol
Authors: He Yang , Li Yangjie , Wang Han , Luo Site , Yu Haihu
Published: March 2024

Construction of a stable fluorescent sensor based on CsPbBr3/CdS core/shell quantum dots for selective and sensitive detection of tetracycline in ethanol via a mechanism integrating photoinduced electron transfer.
Strain-induced carbon–carbon bond cleavage of bowl-shaped sumanenone
Authors: Nishimoto Mikey , Uetake Yuta , Yakiyama Yumi , Sakurai Hidehiro
Published: March 2024

This study details a highly effective ring-opening reaction that involves acid-mediated carbon–carbon bond cleavage of the buckybowl, sumanenone.
The size-dependent valence and conduction band-edge energies of Cu quantum dots
Authors: Matsui Takahiro , Watanabe Hiroto , Somekawa Shoichi , Yanagida Sayaka , Oaki Yuya , Imai Hiroaki
Published: March 2024

Cu quantum-dots of ∼1 nm having large band gaps were produced in porous silicas and size-dependent band-edge shifts were experimentally characterized.
In situ electrochemical Mn vacancies in CoMnHCF for a high level of zinc storage
Authors: Wang Dan , Zhou Ziyue , Ma Tengfei , Zhang Jinhua , Zhang Yunhe , Ma Rui , Zhang Dapeng , Yan Tingjiang
Published: March 2024

CoMnHCF with in situ Mn vacancies is utilized in aqueous sodium/zinc mixed ion batteries and exhibits a large reversible capacity with good rate and cycle performances.
A WOx/MoOx hybrid oxide based SERS FET and investigation on its tunable SERS performance
Authors: Yuan Kaibo , Qian Qinqin , Wu Miaomiao , Wang Bingxia , Zeng Shuweng , Chen Dong , Birowosuto Muhammad Danang , Ang Diing Shenp , Gu Chenjie
Published: March 2024

Active control of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement performance was achieved by a WOx/MoOx hybrid-based SERS FET.
Hydrogenolysis of isosorbide to diols and triols over a heterogeneous SiO2-supported Rh catalyst
Authors: Chen Pengru , Onodera Wataru , Akatsuka Masato , Kita Yusuke , Tamura Masazumi
Published: March 2024

SiO2-supported Rh (Rh/SiO2) was an effective and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the hydrogenolysis of isosorbide to diols and triols, and 58% total yield of diols and triols was achieved.
Hybridization of layered double hydroxides with functional particles
Authors: Wijitwongwan Rattanawadee Ploy , Intasa-ard Soontaree Grace , Ogawa Makoto
Published: March 2024

The preparation, heterostructure and application of hybrids containing layered double hydroxides as the main component are overviewed.
Heterologous biosynthesis of prenylated resveratrol through multiplex metabolic engineering in Escherichia coli
Authors: Wang Haijiao , Zhou Ting , Liu Hui , Wen Lingrong , Jiang Yueming , Yang Bao
Published: March 2024

2-C-Prenyl resveratrol was successfully produced by reconstructing the MVA pathway, resveratrol synthesis pathway and metabolic flux engineering to accumulate acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA.
Abundant heterointerfaces in CoS2/MoS2 nanosheet array electrocatalysts for the enhanced oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Zhaojin , Ma Qian , Zhang Shaofei , Di Zhang  , Wang Huan , Wang Qiujun , Sun Huilan , Wang Bo
Published: March 2024

The rich heterogeneous interface between CoS2 and MoS2 regulates the electronic structure and provides sufficient electrochemical active sites, thus forming a highly active region for the OER.
Mesoporous carbon hollow spheres loaded with Fe/Fe3C as efficient solar vapour generation materials
Authors: Gao Jianfeng , Zhang Hui , Zhang Zhaoshun , Lin Changcheng , Yang Qun , Shi Shiwei , Zuo Xueqin , Jin Shaowei , Li Guang
Published: March 2024

An evaporator has two major advantages: excellent interfacial evaporation efficiency and organic pollution treatment capacity.
Impact of Cr doping on the structural and optoelectronic properties of a CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cell
Authors: Khan M. I. , Mujtaba Ali , Hussain Saddam , Hussain Asif , Bulayis N AlResheedi Dalil , Elqahtani Zainab Mufarreh , Yousef El Sayed , Alwadai Norah
Published: March 2024

The Cr–CsPbIBr2 device showed enhanced performance, with increased grain size, reduced energy band gap, and elevated efficiency from 9.64% to 12.06%.
Stoichiometrically optimized eg orbital occupancy of Ni–Co oxide catalysts for Li–air batteries
Authors: Karunarathne Shadeepa , Kannangara Yasun Y. , Ratwani Chirag R. , Sandaruwan Chanaka , Wijesinghe W. P. S. L. , Kamali Ali Reza , Abdelkader Amr M.
Published: March 2024

Lithium–air battery performance enhancement by optimizing the surface eg occupancy via adjusting the stoichiometric ratios of transition metal-based spinel structures.
An Efficient RTL Design for a Wearable Brain–Computer Interface
Authors: Vasei Tahereh , Saber Mohammad Ali , Nahvy Alireza , Navabi Zainalabedin
Published: March 2024

This article proposes an efficient and accurate embedded motor imagery‐based brain–computer interface (MI‐BCI) that meets the requirements for wearable and real‐time applications. To achieve a suitable accuracy considering hardware constraints, we explore BCI transducer algorithms, among which Infinite impulse response (IIR) filter, common spatial pattern, and support vector machine are used to preprocess, extract features, and classify data, respectively. With our hardware implementation of these tasks, we have achieved an accuracy of 77%. Our system is designed at register transfer level (RTL) targeting an ASIC implementation, which significantly decreases power consumption, latency, and area compared to the state‐of‐the‐art (SoA) architectures for embedded BCI systems. To this end, we fold IIR filters using time‐shared and RAM‐based techniques and use hardware‐friendly algorithms for the implementation of other tasks. The RTL design is realized on 45 nm CMOS technology consuming 4 mW power and 0.25 mm2 area, which outperforms the SoA platforms for embedded BCI systems. To further illustrate the outperformance of our design, the proposed architecture is implemented on Virtex‐7 field program gate array as a prototyping platform consuming 6 μJ energy with 1.52% area utilization.
Calibration‐free structured‐light‐based 3D scanning system in laparoscope for robotic surgery
Authors: Furukawa Ryo , Chen Elvis , Sagawa Ryusuke , Oka Shiro , Kawasaki Hiroshi
Published: March 2024

Accurate 3D shape measurement is crucial for surgical support and alignment in robotic surgery systems. Stereo cameras in laparoscopes offer a potential solution; however, their accuracy in stereo image matching diminishes when the target image has few textures. Although stereo matching with deep learning has gained significant attention, supervised learning requires a large dataset of images with depth annotations, which are scarce for laparoscopes. Thus, there is a strong demand to explore alternative methods for depth reconstruction or annotation for laparoscopes. Active stereo techniques are a promising approach for achieving 3D reconstruction without textures. In this study, a 3D shape reconstruction method is proposed using an ultra‐small patterned projector attached to a laparoscopic arm to address these issues. The pattern projector emits a structured light with a grid‐like pattern that features node‐wise modulation for positional encoding. To scan the target object, multiple images are taken while the projector is in motion, and the relative poses of the projector and a camera are auto‐calibrated using a differential rendering technique. In the experiment, the proposed method is evaluated by performing 3D reconstruction using images obtained from a surgical robot and comparing the results with a ground‐truth shape obtained from X‐ray CT.
Assessing temporary traffic management measures on a motorway: Lane closures vs narrow lanes for connected and autonomous vehicles in roadworks
Authors: Singh Mohit Kumar , Formosa Nicolette , Man Cheuk Ki , Morton Craig , Masera Cansu Bahar , Quddus Mohammed
Published: March 2024

Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) are being developed and designed to operate on existing roads. Their safe and efficient operation during roadworks, where traffic management measures are often introduced, is crucial. Two alternative measures are commonly applied during roadworks on motorways: (i) closing one or multiple lanes (ii) narrowing one or all lanes. The former can cause delays and increased emissions, while the latter can pose safety risks. This study uses a VISSIM‐based traffic microsimulation to compare the effectiveness of these two strategies on traffic efficiency and safety, considering various market penetration rates (MPR) of CAVs. The model was calibrated and validated with the data collected from M1 motorway in the United Kingdom. Results show that average delays per vehicle‐kilometre‐travelled decreased from 102.7 to 2.5 s (with lane closure) and 23.6 to 0.6 s (with narrow lanes) with 0% and 100% CAV MPR, respectively. Moreover, safety in narrow lanes improved by 4.8 times compared to 1.5 times improvement in lane closure with a 100% CAV MPR; indicating that narrow lanes would result in better safety performance. These findings could assist transport authorities in designing temporary traffic management measure that results in better CAV performance when navigating through roadworks.
Component design procedure for LCC‐S wireless power transfer systems based on genetic algorithms and sensitivity analysis
Authors: Corti Fabio , Intravaia Matteo , Reatti Alberto , Grasso Francesco , Grasso Emanuele , Cabrera Alicia Triviño
Published: March 2024

This paper introduces a novel approach for designing a Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system with LCC‐S compensation. Since WPT systems operate under resonant conditions, even small deviations of the components from the nominal values can result in a significant reduction of the power transferred to the load, and in an increment of the circulating currents, reducing the system efficiency. The design techniques available today in the literature provide a unique combination of passive components capable of transferring a certain power to the load. This is a limitation, because, in practice, there are several combinations that allow reaching the desired output power, but they are usually neglected because they are extremely difficult to compute analytically. For this reason, in this paper, the authors present an innovative design procedure that enables, through a Genetic Algorithm, the identification of multiple feasible combinations of the LCC‐S components capable of achieving the desired output power. Moreover, the authors evaluate the effects of the component tolerances on the output power to determine which combinations are more robust to component variations. This task is performed by calculating the probability that a particular combination yields the desired output power, once the tolerances have been considered, following a Monte Carlo approach. This information is utilized to decide whether it is possible to reduce the component quality (worsening the tolerance) without affecting the performance. Finally, an optimal solution granting both low‐cost and robustness against component tolerances can be individuated. The proposed design procedure is applied to a case study and validated experimentally.
Advancement and characterization of Nitride Coating Materials on Aluminum Alloy-based Bipolar plates in PEMFC's Applications
Authors: Narasimharaju S.J. , B Poorna Chandra Rao , Annamalai K.
Published: March 2024

This review article delves into the recent strides made in the realm of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell through the exploration of nitride coating materials on Aluminium (Al) alloy-based Bipolar plates (BPs). The study focuses on the advancements achieved in enhancing the performance and durability of these crucial components. Through a comprehensive characterization process, the nitride coatings' impact is assessed, emphasizing critical parameters such as corrosion current density, potentiostat results, and Internal Contact Resistance (ICR). The review highlights the notable advantages brought about by nitride coatings, particularly their corrosion resistance and durability, in mitigating challenges posed by the demanding operational conditions of fuel cells. Additionally, it sheds light on existing challenges, such as coating porosity and adhesion issues, underscoring the importance of ongoing research efforts to optimize these materials. As the exploration of nitride-coated Al alloy BPs progresses, this review anticipates contributing valuable insights to the broader goal of advancing sustainable and efficient energy solutions in PEMFC applications.
Designing an Intelligent Pavement Maintenance and Management System using Drone Imagery and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Makendran C. , Karthik M. , Hasan S.M. Jakir , Harivignesh M. , Varun Raahul G.
Published: March 2024

This paper presents the development of an innovative pavement maintenance and management system leveraging advanced drone imagery and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) image classification. Our system is designed to perform 2D modelling of road surfaces using high-resolution images captured by drones. These images are then analysed by a CNN model specifically trained to detect and classify pavement damages in accordance with the IRC:82 'Code of Practice for Maintenance of Bituminous Surfaces of Highways'. The classification process identifies various types of road distresses such as cracks, potholes, and surface wear. Each identified distress is documented in a comprehensive report detailing the nature of the damage and recommending specific remedies as per IRC guidelines. Furthermore, the system categorizes the severity of the damages, facilitating the dispatch of these results to maintenance authorities for immediate action. This ensures that repair efforts are prioritized effectively, contributing to the maintenance of safer and higher quality roadways. By automating the detection and classification of road damages, this system not only accelerates the repair process but also plays a crucial role in reducing road accidents by maintaining better road conditions. This approach showcases the potential of integrating artificial intelligence and drone technology in the field of road maintenance, marking a significant step towards smarter and safer road infrastructure.
Design and Modelling of Self standing Electric Scooter
Authors: S Smitha B. , Sabeel Mohammed Saaim , Ahmed Shaik Arbaz , MS Mohammed Riza
Published: March 2024

This work focuses on the compact design of a self-standing electric scooter, specifically engineered to require minimal parking space. The paper details the design and modelling of an innovative electric scooter that possesses the unique ability to stand on its own, utilizing a footprint smaller than that of a typical umbrella stand when parked. Employing a minimalist design approach, the scooter achieves an aesthetically appealing, simple, and futuristic appearance. The primary objective of this project is to propose a practical and compact electric scooter design by utilizing CATIA V5 software for modelling and ANSYS for required calculations and SolidWorks for visualization,A design that not only enhances efficiency for short-distance travels but also effectively mitigates issues related to traffic congestion and limited parking space.
Absence of chromosome axis protein recruitment prevents meiotic recombination chromosome-wide in the budding yeast
Lachancea kluyveri
Authors: Legrand Sylvain , Saifudeen Asma , Bordelet Hélène , Vernerey Julien , Guille Arnaud , Bignaud Amaury , Thierry Agnès , Acquaviva Laurent , Gaudin Maxime , Sanchez Aurore , Johnson Dominic , Friedrich Anne , Schacherer Joseph , Neale Matthew J. , Borde Valérie , Koszul Romain , Llorente Bertrand
Published: March 2024

Meiotic recombination shows broad variations across species and along chromosomes and is often suppressed at and around genomic regions determining sexual compatibility such as mating type loci in fungi. Here, we show that the absence of Spo11-DSBs and meiotic recombination on Lakl0C-left, the chromosome arm containing the sex locus of the
Lachancea kluyveri
budding yeast, results from the absence of recruitment of the two chromosome axis proteins Red1 and Hop1, essential for proper Spo11-DSBs formation. Furthermore, cytological observation of spread pachytene meiotic chromosomes reveals that Lakl0C-left does not undergo synapsis. However, we show that the behavior of Lakl0C-left is independent of its particularly early replication timing and is not accompanied by any peculiar chromosome structure as detectable by Hi-C in this yet poorly studied yeast. Finally, we observed an accumulation of heterozygous mutations on Lakl0C-left and a sexual dimorphism of the haploid meiotic offspring, supporting a direct effect of this absence of meiotic recombination on
L. kluyveri
genome evolution and fitness. Because suppression of meiotic recombination on sex chromosomes is widely observed across eukaryotes, the mechanism for recombination suppression described here may apply to other species, with the potential to impact sex chromosome evolution.
SM protein Sly1 and a SNARE Habc domain promote membrane fusion through multiple mechanisms
Authors: Duan Mengtong , Gao Guanbin , Lin Ariel , Mackey Emma J. , Banfield David K. , Merz Alexey J.
Published: March 2024

SM proteins including Sly1 are essential cofactors of SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. Using SNARE and Sly1 mutants and chemically defined in vitro assays, we separate and assess proposed mechanisms through which Sly1 augments fusion: (i) opening the closed conformation of the Qa-SNARE Sed5; (ii) close-range tethering of vesicles to target organelles, mediated by the Sly1-specific regulatory loop; and (iii) nucleation of productive trans-SNARE complexes. We show that all three mechanisms are important and operate in parallel, and that close-range tethering promotes trans-complex assembly when cis-SNARE assembly is a competing process. Further, we demonstrate that the autoinhibitory N-terminal Habc domain of Sed5 has at least two positive activities: it is needed for correct Sed5 localization, and it directly promotes Sly1-dependent fusion. “Split Sed5,” with Habc presented solely as a soluble fragment, can function both in vitro and in vivo. Habc appears to facilitate events leading to lipid mixing rather than promoting opening or stability of the fusion pore.
Compensating trigger jitter and time interval error measurement for digital sampling oscilloscopes with hardware design on FPGA
Authors: Moussa Bilal , Chaccour Kabalan , Bouyekhf Rachid , Abdallah Abdallah , Mroué Mohamad
Published: March 2024

This paper presents the creation and realization of a precision time base (PTB) for mitigating jitter and measuring time interval error (TIE) in digital sampling oscilloscopes (DSO), achieved through the utilization of a field programmable gate array (FPGA). Our proposed method focuses on mitigating jitter through PTB, which involves the sampling of two reference channels having a phase shift of approximately 90∘ (at quadrature) for an accurate timebase correction. Through extensive experimentation and analysis, we were able to achieve a reduction in root mean square (RMS) jitter, minimizing it to around 260 fs. This outcome demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach in enhancing the accuracy and reliability of DSO measurements. Expanding on the application of our previously proposed technique, we demonstrate that the same sampling error correction approach can be utilized for TIE measurement. By sampling a large amount of data at either the rising or falling edge of a sinusoidal signal, TIE can be accurately evaluated. This extension enhances the versatility of our FPGA-based implementation by enabling comprehensive TIE analysis alongside PTB compensation in DSOs.
Multi-organ segmentation: a progressive exploration of learning paradigms under scarce annotation
Authors: Li Shiman , Wang Haoran , Meng Yucong , Zhang Chenxi , Song Zhijian
Published: March 2024

Precise delineation of multiple organs or abnormal regions in the human body from medical images plays an essential role in computer-aided diagnosis, surgical simulation, image-guided interventions, and especially in radiotherapy treatment planning. Thus, it is of great significance to explore automatic segmentation approaches, among which deep learning-based approaches have evolved rapidly and witnessed remarkable progress in multi-organ segmentation. However, obtaining an appropriately sized and fine-grained annotated dataset of multiple organs is extremely hard and expensive. Such scarce annotation limits the development of high-performance multi-organ segmentation models but promotes many annotation-efficient learning paradigms. Among these, studies on transfer learning leveraging external datasets, semi-supervised learning including unannotated datasets and partially-supervised learning integrating partially-labeled datasets have led the dominant way to break such dilemmas in multi-organ segmentation. We first review the fully supervised method, then present a comprehensive and systematic elaboration of the 3 abovementioned learning paradigms in the context of multi-organ segmentation from both technical and methodological perspectives, and finally summarize their challenges and future trends.
Free vibration of the piezoelectric laminated composite beams under the elastic foundation
Authors: Zhao Lei , Zhu Dongpo , Kuang Rui , Ruan Hengjin , Wang Kelong , Shi Xiaona , Mou Di
Published: March 2024

Due to its self-adaptability and electric-mechanical interaction, the piezoelectric laminated composite structure has received increased attention in the engineering community, with the intricacy of the actual scenario, the structural stability based on numerous foundations has also been recognized. In this paper, a unified formulation which is based on classical laminated beam is presented to conduct free vibration analysis of piezoelectric laminated beams subjected to classical boundary conditions with the varied elastic foundations. The semi-analytical solutions of layered beams in various boundaries have been obtained based on the two-dimensional piezoelectric elastic theory and state space-differential quadrature method (SS-DQM), the solution of the general structural equation has been generated introducing the electrical boundary conditions and interlayer continuity conditions with this understanding. The different elastic foundations have been used to calculate the frequency equation of the piezoelectric laminated construction. The proposed finite element model is validated through the analysis of the piezoelectric laminated composite beam (PLCB) using the SS-DQM, and the present solutions are compared with those available in the literature to confirm their validity. A systematic parameter study for the piezoelectric laminated beams with various boundary conditions, piezoelectric parameters, lamina numbers and thickness ratios is also performed. The results of the PLCBs with various boundary constraints under the elastic foundation are presented and they may be served as a benchmark for researchers in this field.
Synthesis and characterization of Co3O4 spinel nanowall: understanding the growth mechanism and properties
Authors: Barala Sushil , Panda Sri Aurobindo , Gangopadhyay Subhashis
Published: March 2024

Formation of spinel tricobalt tetraoxide (Co3O4) nanostructures through a controlled thermal oxidation process is discussed here. Thin films of high purity cobalt (Co) were deposited on glass/quartz substrates using an electron beam (E-beam) evaporation technique. Thermal oxidation of the as-deposited Co thin films was carried out at various oxidation temperatures (400 °C to 600 °C) for different durations (5 h to 15 h) to grow various oxide nanostructures. Different surface characterizations techniques were used to investigate the structure, chemistry and electronic properties of the as-grown cobalt oxide nanostructures. x-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of the CoO phase along with the Co3O4 phases at relatively lower oxidation temperature. However, the Co3O4 phase becomes more predominant for longer oxidation durations at higher oxidation temperatures. Field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis showed a surface morphological transition from nanowalls to nanograins with an increase in the oxidation temperature. The surface electrical conductivity of the oxidized Co films is also increased for higher oxidation temperature and/or duration mainly due to the oxide phase purity and larger particle sizes. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy indicated two distinct optical energy bandgaps, which effectively decreased with an increase in the oxidation temperature and duration. Raman spectroscopy identified five different Raman-active modes corresponding to the Co3O4 phase, with the F2g mode dominating at higher temperatures. All these findings provide clear insights into the structural, electrical, chemical and optical properties of cobalt oxide thin films. Moreover, it provides a mechanism on how to grow 2D nanowalls morphology of Co3O4 films which can further be used in energy, sensor or catalytic applications.
Tribological impact on borosilicate glass powder reinforced Al-MMC by variation of sliding velocity and the study of its machinability
Authors: Bhowmik Abhijit , Bhattacharjee Biplab , T Arunkumar , Akinwande Abayomi Adewale , Syed Asad , Wong Ling Shing
Published: March 2024

Now-a-days, metal matrix composites based on pure aluminium are widely used as a replacement for a wide range of applications thanks to their high strength-to-weight ratio, ductility, and thermal conductivity. Micron-sized (10−3 mm) borosilicate (mixer of Silica (SiO2) and Boron Oxide (B2O3)) glass particles were used to create a dispersion in an aluminium matrix composite (Al7075- borosilicate glass MMC) utilizing a stir casting technique while in a liquid condition. The present study examines the effect of borosilicate glass particle content (0, 3, 6, and 9 wt%) and changes in sliding velocity (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 m s−1) on the wear behaviour of a composite rubbing against an EN31 steel disc at a constant load of 20N and a sliding distance of 1000 m. Analysis of wear showed that the presence of borosilicate glass increased the wear rate and countered the trend shown in the coefficient of friction. In a similar vein, the sliding velocity of the counter plate rotated faster resulted in a higher coefficient of friction and a higher wear rate. A reliable mathematical model is developed to find the best combination of machining parameters for Al7075-borosilicate glass metal matrix composite (MMC). This model will consider important performance measures like surface smoothness and material removal rate. The authors will also use a sophisticated statistical method called the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array design of experiments (DOE) to understand how different machining settings affect how easily the composite can be machined. By analyzing the results from the DOE, it can optimize the machining parameters for efficient and cost-effective processing. This work can lead to manufacturing innovation in the future.
Source engineered TFET for digital inverters application
Authors: Talukdar Jagritee , Malvika  , Das Basab , Rawat Gopal , Mummaneni Kavicharan
Published: March 2024

This article delves into a performance evaluation of source engineered asymmetric Tunnel Field Effect Transistors using Sentaurus TCAD. The focus of this analysis centers around Single and Double gate extended Source TFET (SG-ESTFET and DG-ESTFET) device configurations. The study emphasizes the reliability of these devices for circuit applications taking in account interface trap charges. Various digital inverters based on the aforementioned TFET devices are designed, showcasing their potential utility in terms of different delay parameters. Additionally, the article explores transient characteristics and notes the occurrence of undershoot when interface trap charges are present at oxide-semiconductor interfaces. Notably, the findings indicate that DG-ESTFET surpasses SG-ESTFET in mitigating undershoot, and the measured propagation delay is reported to be 9 ps.
Constraining decaying very heavy dark matter from galaxy clusters with 14 year Fermi-LAT data
Authors: Song Deheng , Murase Kohta , Kheirandish Ali
Published: March 2024

Galaxy clusters are promising targets for indirect detection of dark matter thanks to the
large dark matter content. Using 14 years of Fermi-LAT data from seven nearby galaxy
clusters, we obtain constraints on the lifetime of decaying very heavy dark matter particles with
masses ranging from 103 GeV to 1016 GeV. We consider a variety of decaying channels
and calculate prompt gamma rays and electrons/positrons from the dark matter. Furthermore, we take
into account electromagnetic cascades induced by the primary gamma rays and electrons/positrons,
and search for the resulting gamma-ray signals from the directions of the galaxy clusters. We
adopt a Navarro-Frenk-White profile of the dark matter halos, and use the profile likelihood
method to set lower limits on the dark matter lifetime at a 95% confidence level. Our results are
competitive with those obtained through other gamma-ray observations of galaxy clusters and
provide complementary constraints to existing indirect searches for decaying very heavy
dark matter.
Controllable optical bistability and multistability in a V-type three-level atomic system interacting with two broadband independent squeezed baths
Authors: Batoo Khalid Mujasam , Naeem Youssef Ali , Ibrahim Ahmed Ahmed , Zazoum Bouchaib , Mahmud Sanaa Fathy , Sattar Ruaa , Dawood Imad Ibrahim , Ramadan Montather F , Al-Tameemi Ahmed Read , Kadhum Eftikhaar Hasan , Redhee Ahmed Huseen
Published: March 2024

In this study, we investigate the optical bistability (OB) and optical multistability (OM) phenomena within a V-type three-level atomic system interacting with two independent broadband squeezed baths confined in a unidirectional cavity. Our analysis reveals that the transition between OB and OM is influenced by the strength of the control field and the intensity of the squeezed vacuum. Notably, the impact of each of these factors on the transition exhibits distinct characteristics. Furthermore, we explore the effects of additional system parameters, such as the incoherent pumping rate and cooperation parameter. Our findings emphasize the crucial roles played by these parameters in shaping the observed results. Specifically, we observe that variations in the incoherent pumping rate and cooperation parameter contribute significantly to the system’s OB and OM behavior, further underscoring the multifaceted nature of the studied atomic system. This comprehensive investigation not only elucidates the intricate interplay between key parameters but also unveils the sensitivity of the system to variations in control field strength, intensity of the squeezed vacuum, incoherent pumping rate, and cooperation parameter.
Model of self-generated magnetic field generation from relativistic laser interaction with solid targets
Authors: Yan 严 Rui 睿 , Zou 邹 De-Bin 德滨 , Zhao 赵 Na 娜 , Yang 杨 Xiao-Hu 晓虎 , Jiang 蒋 Xiang-Rui 祥瑞 , Hu 胡 Li-Xiang 理想 , Xu 徐 Xin-Rong 新荣 , Zhou 周 Hong-Yu 泓宇 , Yu 余 Tong-Pu 同普 , Zhuo 卓 Hong-Bin 红斌 , Shao 邵 Fu-Qiu 福球 , Yin 银 Yan 燕
Published: March 2024

Generation of self-generated annular magnetic fields at the rear side of a solid target driven by relativistic laser pulse is investigated by using theoretical analysis and particle-in-cell simulations. The spatial strength distribution of magnetic fields can be accurately predicted by calculating the net flow caused by the superposition of source flow and return flow of hot electrons. The theoretical model established shows good agreement with the simulation results, indicating that the magnetic-field strength scales positively to the temperature of hot electrons. This provides us a way to improve the magnetic-field generation by using a micro-structured plasma grating in front of the solid target. Compared with that for a common flat target, hot electrons can be effectively heated with the well-designed grating size, leading to a stronger magnetic field. The spatial distribution of magnetic fields can be modulated by optimizing the grating period and height as well as the incident angle of the laser pulse.
Triple points and phase transitions of D-dimensional dyonic AdS black holes with quasitopological electromagnetism in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Mou 牟 Ping-Hui 平辉 , Jiang 蒋 Qing-Quan 青权 , He 何 Ke-Jian 柯腱 , Li 李 Guo-Ping 国平
Published: March 2024

By considering the negative cosmological constant Λ as a thermodynamic pressure, we study the thermodynamics and phase transitions of the D-dimensional dyonic AdS black holes (BHs) with quasitopological electromagnetism in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) gravity. The results indicate that the small/large BH phase transition that is similar to the van der Waals (vdW) liquid/gas phase transition always exists for any spacetime dimensions. Interestingly, we then find that this BH system exhibits a more complex phase structure in 6-dimensional case that is missed in other dimensions. Specifically, it shows for D = 6 that we observed the small/intermediate/large BH phase transitions in a specific parameter region with the triple point naturally appeared. Moreover, when the magnetic charge turned off, we still observed the small/intermediate/large BH phase transitions and triple point only in 6-dimensional spacetime, which is consistent with the previous results. However, for the dyonic AdS BHs with quasitopological electromagnetism in Einstein–Born–Infeld (EBI) gravity, the novel phase structure composed of two separate coexistence curves observed by Li et al. [Phys. Rev. D
105 104048 (2022)] disappeared in EGB gravity. This implies that this novel phase structure is closely related to gravity theories, and seems to have nothing to do with the effect of quasitopological electromagnetism. In addition, it is also true that the critical exponents calculated near the critical points possess identical values as mean field theory. Finally, we conclude that these findings shall provide some deep insights into the intriguing thermodynamic properties of the dyonic AdS BHs with quasitopological electromagnetism in EGB gravity.
Morphological analysis for thermodynamics of cavitation collapse near fractal solid wall
Authors: Shan 单 Minglei 鸣雷 , Yang 杨 Yu 雨 , Kan 阚 Xuefen 雪芬 , Yin 殷 Cheng 澄 , Han 韩 Qingbang 庆邦
Published: March 2024

A fractal geometric boundary with natural wall features is introduced into a hybrid lattice-Boltzmann-method (LBM) multiphase model. The physical model of cavitation bubble collapse near the irregular geometric wall is established to study the thermodynamic characteristics of the bubble collapse. Due to the lack of periodicity, symmetry, spatial uniformity and obvious correlation in the LBM simulation of the bubble collapse near the fractal wall, the morphological analysis based on Minkowski functional is introduced into the thermodynamic investigation of cavitation bubble so as to analyze and obtain the effective information. The results show that the Minkowski functional method can employed to study the temperature information in complex physical fields hierarchically and quantitatively. The high/low temperature region of the cavitation flow is explored, and thermal effect between irregular and fractal geometric wall and cavitation bubble can be revealed. It illustrates that LBM and morphological analysis complement each other, and morphological analysis can also be used as an optional and potential tool in research field of complex multiphase flows.