bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevention Factors For Toddlers Below The Red Line In Surabaya
Authors: Widyanti Fitri
Published: June 2022

Background: Toddlers with BGM (Below the Red Line) are children whose weight for age (BW / U) is below the red line on the KMS, thus indicating malnutrition status. BGM toddlers can be used as an early indicator that the toddler is experiencing nutritional problems that need to be addressed immediately.  Objectives: This study analyzes the problems / symptoms and preventive measures for children under the red line in the Wonokusumo Health Center in Surabaya. Methods: This research is an analytic observational study, with a cross sectional design. Subjects were taken by simple random sampling. The population of this research is mothers who have toddlers aged 12-24 months who live in the working area of the Wonokusumo Health Center in Surabaya. The independent variables used are perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived obstacles, and cues to take action, while the dependent variable used was maternal BGM prevention behavior.Results: This study resulted in several conclusions, namely that there is a relationship between the perceived vulnerability of respondents to taking preventive measures for BGM under five; there is a relationship between the severity felt by the respondents on the prevention measures for BGM under five; there is no relationship between the benefits felt by the respondents on the prevention measures for children under five BGM; there is no relationship between the obstacles felt by respondents to the prevention measures for BGM under five; and there was no relationship between cues to act on precautions for BGM under five.Conclusions: This study views the importance of monitoring the growth of children under five at the posyandu and providing PMT to prevent BGM from under five.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan Dengan Kelengkapan Imunisasi Dasar di Kabupaten Bojonegoro
Authors: Asih Putri Retno , Putri Nuzulul Kusuma
Published: June 2022

Latar Belakang: Imunisasi adalah suatu program dalam upaya pencegahan terjangkitnya penyakit tertentu dengan meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh terhadap suatu penyakit sehingga dapat menurunkan angka kesakitan dan kematian pada bayi dan balita. Imunisasi dasar lengkap diberikan kepada bayi usia 0-12 bulan secara rutin dan terjadwal.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status kelengkapan imunisasi dasar pada bayi usia 0-12 bulan di Kabupaten Bojonegoro.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabuapaten Bojonegoro dengan populasi seluruh ibu yang bertempat tinggal di Kabupaten Bojonegoro.Hasil: Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas sebanyak 85,9% responden telah memberikan imunisasi dasar yang lengkap pada bayinya. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik chi square menunjukkan bahwa usia ibu, pendidikan ibu dan paparan sumber informasi memiliki nilai p-value=0,000<0,05, sedangkan status pekerjaan ibu memiliki nilai p-value=0,064>0,05.Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah usia ibu, pendidikan ibu, dan paparan sumber informasi berhubungan dengan kelengkapan imunisasi dasar di Kabupaten Bojonegoro.Kata Kunci: Faktor, Imunisasi dasar lengkap, kesehatan
Pola Kepemilikan Sumber Air Minum Rumah Tangga di Jawa Timur
Authors: Lestari Novi , Indriani Diah
Published: June 2022

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Konsumsi air yang layak merupakan salah satu faktor untuk mencegah terjadinya masalah kesehatan seperti diare, kolera, disentri, tipes, cacingan, penyakit kulit, dan keracunan.. Diare menjadi penyebab kedua kematian tertinggi pada balita di seluruh dunia. masih ada beberapa daerah di Indonesia yang mengalami kekurangan air bersih dan air yang tercemar berat.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kepemilikan sumber air minum dan pengolahan air minum sebelum diminum dengan jenis wilayah tempat tinggal di Provinsi Jawa Timur berdasarkan data SDKI tahun 2017.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan data dari Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2017 di wilayah Jawa Timur dengan desain cross sectional. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah 4113 rumah tangga. Data yang diperoleh berasal dari situs resmi DHS. Analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis Chi Square.Hasil: Hasil penelitian didapatkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan sumber air minum dan pengolahan air minum sebelum diminum dengan jenis wilayah tempat tinggal (p < 0,05). Sumber air minum dan pengolahan air minum memiliki korelasi dengan jenis wilayah tempat tinggal. Prevalensi rasio sumber air minum adalah 0,355 dan pengolahan air minum adalah 3,321.Kesimpulan: Rumah tangga di perkotaan mayoritas memiliki sumber air minum yang layak serta rumah tangga di perkotaan cenderung mengonsumsi air kemasan untuk minum. Rumah tangga di pedesaan melakukan pengolahan air minum sebelum dikonsumsi.   ABSTRACTBackground: Adequate water consumption is one of the factors to prevent health problems such as diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid, intestinal worms, skin diseases, and poisoning. Diarrhea is the second highest cause of death in children under five in the world. There are still some areas in Indonesia that experience a shortage of clean water and heavily polluted water.Objectives: This study aims to determine the relationship between ownership of drinking water sources and treatment of drinking water before drinking with the type of area of residence in East Java Province based on the 2017 IDHS data.Methods: This study uses data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey in the Java region. East withdesign cross sectional. The number of samples used is 4113 households. The data obtained comes from the official website of DHS. The analysis used in this study is Chi Square analysis.Results: The results of the study found a significant relationship between drinking water sources and drinking water treatment before drinking with the type of area of residence (p < 0,05). Drinking water sources and drinking water treatment have a correlation with the type of area of residence. The prevalence ratio of drinking water sources is 0,355 and drinking water treatment is 3,321.Conclusions:. The majority of households in urban areas have a decent source of drinking water and households in urban areas tend to consume bottled water for drinking. Households in rural areas treat drinking water before consumption.
Increasing Assertive Behavior in Adolescents in Islamic Boarding Schools Through Assertive Training
Authors: Nuris Yuhbaba Zidni , Arif Budiman M.Elyas , Sholihah Erdah Suswati Wahyi , Wirasakti Guruh
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Assertive behavior is the ability to communicate the individual's want, feel, and think to others honestly and openly while respecting personal and other people's rights. One way to increase assertiveness in adolescents is through assertive training activities where this activity presents systematic activities that can develop and train individuals' abilities to express their thoughts, feelings, desires, and needs confidently. The purpose of this study was to analyze the change in assertive behavior of adolescents living in Islamic boarding schools through assertive training.Method: This was pre-experimental research with pre-post design.  The sample was 80 respondents which were obtained by the purposive sampling technique. The measuring instrument uses assertive behavior questionnaires and data analysis using the Wilcoxon Paired testResults: The results of the analysis of assertive behavior in adolescents before the intervention were in a low category (42.5%) and after the intervention, adolescent assertive behavior was in a good category (46.3%). The results showed a p-value of 000 which is result indicated that there was an increase in the assertive behavior of adolescents living in Islamic boarding schools through assertive training.Conclusions: Adolescents with high assertiveness are able to control their emotions, mental health and have good coping with solving personal and social problems, and are able to express their wishes firmly to others
Tera Gymnastic to Decrease Anxiety of Elderly
Authors: M Nancye Pandeirot , Darmawan Taufan Citra , Husni Amin , Ratna Sawitri Dian
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The most common mental problem in the elderly is anxiety. The elderly is anxious due to lack of activity and rest. Elderly need activities that diverse, interesting, and easy to practice. Tera gymnastics therapy is type of exercise, easy to apply and does not require a lot of time. Tera gymnastics can be applied to the elderly as an interesting and easy alternative to exercise. The purpose of this study was to explain the effect of tera exercise on reducing anxiety in the elderly.
Method: This study uses pre-experimental design with one group pre-post-test model. The study population was 43 elderly people who were in ​​Boladangko Village, Central Sulawesi. The sample was 40 respondents with purposive sampling technique. The inclusions are 1) the elderly do not experience physical limitations 2) aged more than 60 years. Data collection using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). The data analyzed by Wilcoxon test.
Result: The results showed that most of the 37(92.5%) respondents stated that their anxiety was reduced. The results showed that 29(78.37%) respondents decreased 1 level of anxiety level, while the rest decreased 2 levels of anxiety level. The results of Wilcoxon test obtained Pvalue=0.009 indicating significant effect of giving tera exercise to the anxiety of the elderly.
Conclusion: There is an influence between tera gymnastics and elderly anxiety, indicating that tera gymnastics can be applied to elderly as alternative to increasing elderly activities. Future research is expected to increase duration and combined with other methods to support better training.
Relationship of Family Support with Self-Treatment Ability of Schhizoprenia Patients at Tamiang Layang Health Center
Authors: Oktavia Nor Afni , Haspariadi Haspariadi
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Mental disorder are syndromes or behavioral patterns that are clinically significant and associated with distress or suffering and cause disturbances in one or more functions of human life. The role of the family is very important in the healing process schizophrenic between family support and self-care ability of schizophrenic patients at the Tamiyang Layang Health Center.
Method:
This research is quantitative with a cross sectional approach. The population of this study amounted to 54 schizophrenia patients in 2020 with a total sampling technique and the sample of this study amounted to 54 people. The collection tool is in the form of a questionnaire.
Results:
Data analysis using univariate analysis and bivariat analysis with spearman rank test. Family support is included in the category of optimal family support as much as 77,8%. The patient’s self-care ability is included in the category of self care ability of a patient, information from the family shows that patients need partial assistance 81,5%.
Conclusions:
There is a relationship between family support and self care ability of schizophrenic patients at the tamiyang layang health center which is included in the strong category with a P value = 0,000 <0,05 and the correlation is positive because the strength value is 0,777.
A bimetallic-activated MnO2 self-assembly electrode with a dual heterojunction structure for high-performance rechargeable zinc-air batteries
Authors: Yin Zhengyu , He Rui , Xue Huaibin , Chen Jingjian , Wang Yue , Ye Xiaoxiao , Xu Nengneng , Qiao Jinli , Huang Haitao
Published: June 2022

A major challenge in developing zinc-air batteries (ZABs) is to exploit suitable cathodes to efficiently accelerate the key electrocatalytic processes involved. Herein, a bifunctional oxygen catalytic self-supported MnO2-based electrode is designed that displays superior oxygen reduction and evolution reaction performance over noble metal electrodes with a total overpotential of 0.69 V. In addition, the as-synthesized NiCo2O4@MnO2/carbon nanotube (CNT)-Ni foam self-supported electrode can be directly used as an oxygen electrode without externally adding carbon or a binder and shows reasonable battery performance with a high peak power density of 226 mW cm-2 and a long-term charge-discharge cycling lifetime (5 mA for 160 h). As expected, the rapid oxygen catalytic intrinsic kinetics and high battery performance of the NiCo2O4@MnO2/CNTs-Ni foam electrode originates from the unique three-dimensional hierarchical structure, which effectively promotes mass transfer. Furthermore, the CNTs combined with Ni foam form a unique “meridian” conductive structure that enables rapid electron conduction. Finally, the abundant Mn3+ active sites activated by bimetallic ions shorten the oxygen catalytic reaction distance between the active sites and reactant and reduce the surface activity of MnO2 for the O, OH, and OOH species. This work not only offers a high-performance bifunctional self-supported electrode for ZABs but also opens new insights into the activation of Mn-based electrodes.
Metal-organic framework-tailored perovskite solar cells
Authors: Chen Peng , Hou Jingwei , Wang Lianzhou
Published: June 2022

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with tailorable structures and building blocks have demonstrated their advantages in improving the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the inferior conductivity of MOFs and their lack of strong chemical interaction with perovskites cause undesirable interfacial charge carrier recombination and then deteriorate the photovoltaic (PV) performance of PSCs. This perspective offers an insightful overview of the versatile functionalities and key merits of MOFs for stabilizing PSCs under various external stimuli in terms of MOF interlayers and MOF-perovskite heterostructures. To tackle the charge transport problem of MOFs, promising strategies are outlined to improve the intrinsic conductivity and chemical coordination of MOFs, with the aim of achieving long-term stable PSCs without compromising their PV performance. The current challenging issues and potential solutions are also discussed to provide a roadmap for MOF-tailored PSCs towards practical applications.
Proposed Method of Combining Continuum Mechanics With Einstein Field Equations
Authors: Ogonowski Piotr
Published: June 2022

The article proposes some improvements to the relativistic continuum mechanics which introduce the relationship between density tensors and the curvature of spacetime. The resulting formulation of a symmetric stress-energy tensor for a system with an electromagnetic field, leads to the solution of Einstein Field Equations indicating a relationship between the electromagnetic field tensor and the metric tensor. In flat Minkowski spacetime, the vanishing four-divergence of this stress-energy tensor expresses relativistic Cauchy’s momentum equation, leading to the emergence of new force densities which can be further developed and parameterized to obtain known interactions.
On a possible embedding of Lisp into the C language
Authors: Veresov Aleksey Kirillovich
Published: June 2022

An implementation of the Lisp computational model is proposed, written in the C language and intended for use in projects whose main language is C. The implementation allows Lisp S-expressions to be written in the form of a superposition of C function calls, thus syntax and semantics of Lisp are modeled with C language capabilities, without the need for additional preprocessing of the source code.
On modeling the development of the region in conditions of high uncertainty and lack of data
Authors: Rykov Yuri Germanovich
Published: June 2022

The preprint is an example of the practical implementation of a modified modeling methodology using fuzzy cognitive maps, which was presented by the author earlier in the publication in "M.V. Keldysh IPM Preprints". A variant of the model of the development of the RF region in conditions of high uncertainty of the external environment and with a lack of initial data is described. This situation is typical, for example, for the moments of the outbreak of epidemics or conflict confrontation.
Análisis bibliométrico sobre la produción científica de Metformina del 2000 al 2019
Authors:   , Trujillo Mendoza Joseph Alexander
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: Describir y analizar la producción científica de artículos de metformina indexados en Scopus del 2000 al 2019. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio bibliométrico en la base de datos Scopus, utilizando los Medical Subject Headings para metformina. Se utilizó Microsoft Excel 365 para el análisis descriptivo. Los gráficos de conglomerados y palabras clave fueron realizados en el programa VosViewer. Resultados: Se obtuvo un total de 11 165 documentos. El 78.15% fueron artículos, el 7.85% revisiones, el 4.37% cartas y 4.36% notas. Con respecto al idioma con mayor publicación fue el idioma inglés con 90.76% continuado por el idioma chino con 2.28%. Las revistas con el mayor número de publicaciones fue Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism con 293 documentos (2.62%) y en segundo lugar Diabetes Care con 269 (2.41%). Estados Unidos es el país con la mayor producción científica con 2456 (21.99%) documentos, seguido por China con 1526 (13.67%). National Institutes of Health fue la institución con la cantidad mayor de documentos financiados con 433 (3.88%). Conclusión: Se observó un crecimiento sostenido de publicaciones cada año. Estados Unidos es el país con la mayor cantidad de publicaciones sobre metformina, debido a la gran cantidad de estudios financiados. Se ha identificado un creciente interés en las publicaciones de ciencias básicas, probablemente por las nuevas aplicaciones de la metformina en otras enfermedades.
Giant aneurysm of left circumflex artery branch with fistula to the coronary sinus: a case report
Authors: Toyoda Yasuyuki , Takemura Takahiro , Shiratori Kazuaki , Yazaki Yoshikazu , Tachibana Takahiro , Niitsu Hirokazu , Kunihara Takashi
Published: June 2022

Background: Aneurysm of a coronary artery branch with a fistula is extremely rare. Here, we present a case of giant aneurysm of the left circumflex artery branch with a fistula to the coronary sinus treated successfully with aneurysmectomy.Case presentation: A 58-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to an abnormal pericardial mass found by multidetector computed tomography. Imaging examination revealed a dilated left circumflex artery branch with a 30-mm aneurysm. Coronary angiography confirmed a left circumflex artery branch aneurysm with a fistula to the coronary sinus. As percutaneous occlusion of the aneurysm by catheterization was considered unsuccessful, the aneurysm was resected and the fistula was occluded surgically with excellent outcome. Pathological examination suggested that congenital factors may have contributed to the development of the aneurysm. Computed tomography showed no recurrence of the aneurysm at 1-year postoperative follow-up.Conclusions: We presented a case of giant aneurysm of the left circumflex artery branch with a fistula to the coronary sinus. This is the first report of the combination of a giant coronary artery branch aneurysm with a fistula to the coronary sinus. Surgical aneurysmectomy should be considered in such cases to avoid fatal aneurysmal complications.
Stimulation of the Tibial nerve Repetitively to Improve Incontinence in Parkinson’s Electronically (STRIPE trial): a randomised control trial of tibial nerve stimulation for bladder symptoms in Parkinson’s disease using a self-contained wearable device
Authors: Smith Matthew , Tenison Emma , Drake Marcus J , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Henderson Emily J
Published: June 2022

Background: Bladder symptoms are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD), affecting half of all individuals. These have significant impact on quality of life as well implications for morbidity, contributing to falls and hospital admission. The treatment of bladder symptoms can be complicated by the tendency to side-effects in people with PD including cognitive impairment and gait instability with anti-muscarinics. The development of new, better treatments is therefore warranted. Tibial nerve stimulation is a form of neuromodulation demonstrated to improve overactive bladder symptoms in non-neurogenic cohorts. Previously requiring hospital attendance, we aim to explore the use of this intervention using a simple device that can be used by patients at home. Methods: STRIPE is a phase II randomised control trial of tibial nerve stimulation delivered by the Geko™ device, a small, self-adhesive neuromuscular stimulation device currently used for thromboembolism prophylaxis post-surgery. Active tibial nerve stimulation will be compared to sham stimulation, with participants blinded to treatment allocation and undertaking outcome assessment whilst still blinded. Participants will be asked to self administer stimulation at home twice per week, for 30 minutes per session, over the course of three months. Primary outcome measure will be the International Consultation on Incontinence Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB) at week 12. Secondary outcomes will include pre and post intervention bladder diary (frequency, urgency episodes, nocturia), patient perception of global change, bowel function and bladder related quality of life. Participants will be recruited from the Proactive Integrated Management and Experience (PRIME) cross-sectional trial in which participants have been screened for bladder symptoms and invited to take part, as well as clinician referral from around the region. Discussion: This trial will involve a randomised control trial of a novel and easy to use method of delivering tibial nerve stimulation for PD in the patient’s own home. This may potentially have huge benefit, avoiding the problems with side effects that can be seen with anti-muscarinics and providing a new potential modality of treatment. Trial registration: This trial was prospectively registered on the ISRCTN registry on 22/06/21 (11484954)
The effects of a three-day mountain bike cycling race on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and heart rate variability in amateur cyclists
Authors: Swart Anton
Published: June 2022

Objectives
Increased endurance exercise may cause an acute reduction in cardiac function, causing a physiological cascade. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a physiological measurement used to evaluate the autonomic nervous system (ANS) state. This study set out to determine the changes in the ANS by participating in a three-day mountain bike cycling event using HRV as an outcome measure.
Methods
Sixteen healthy participants (male and female) participating in a three-day mountain bike cycling event underwent five-minute resting electrocardiography (ECG) recordings in a supine position. In addition, heart rate variability measurements were recorded two days before the race (baseline testing), after each race day, and 24-hours post-event (recovery).
Results
Time-domain and frequency domain measures showed significant changes from baseline HRV parameters after each race day (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, our data revealed that the mean heart rate (HR) and R-R variability intervals did not return to baseline values after 24-hours of recovery. Thus, reflecting autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction due to increased sympathetic activity and parasympathetic withdrawal.
Conclusions
The main strength of this study is using HRV as a measuring and screening tool to assess cardiac autonomic activity, whereby the state of the ANS before and after endurance events can be measured. Thus, physicians, athletes, and coaches can assess the stress of endurance events on the ANS and plan for correct recovery strategies. The reasoning is that if the ANS is in a state of dysfunction, susceptible amateur athletes might be at risk for a cardiovascular event.
Tumour evolvability metrics predict recurrence beyond 10 years in locally-advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Fernandez-Mateos Javier , Cresswell George , Trahearn Nicholas , Webb Katharine , Stuttle Christine , Corbishley Catherine , Starvrinides Vasilis , Zapata Luis , Spiteri Inma , Heide Timon , Gallagher Lewis , James Chela , Gao Annie , Kote-Jarai Zsofia , Acar Ahmet , Truelove Lesley , Proszek Paula , Murray Julia , Reid Alison , Wilkins Anna , Hubank Michael , Eeles Rosalind , Dearnaley David , Sottoriva Andrea
Published: June 2022

Cancers evolve obeying Darwinian laws and therefore the evolutionary paradigm lays the ground for predictive oncology. However, the predictive power of evolutionary metrics in cancer has been seldom tested. There is a need for quantitative measurements in controlled clinical trials with long term follow-up information. This is particularly true in locally-advanced prostate cancer, which can recur more than a decade after diagnosis. Here we mapped genomic intra-tumour heterogeneity in 642 samples from 114 patients who took part in the prostate radiotherapy trials at The Royal Marsden Hospital, for which full clinical information and 12y median follow-up was available. We concomitantly assessed phenotypic (morphological) heterogeneity using deep learning in 1,923 histological sections from 250 IMRT patients (fully overlapping with the genetic set). We found that evolvability, measured as genetic divergence as well as morphological diversity, was a strong independent predictor of recurrence (respectively HR=72.06, 95% CI 2.97-1748.5, p=0.009 and HR=6.2, 95% CI 1.86-20.72, p=0.003). Combined, these two measurements together also identified a group of patients with half the median time to recurrence compared to the rest of the cohort (5.6 vs 11.5 years). We also found a small subset of MYC/FGFR1 amplified cases (4.4%) with particularly poor prognosis. The overall burden of chromosomal alterations correlated with higher Gleason score. We identified associations between 24 chromosomal arm copy number changes and Gleason score (e.g. -22q, +5p, +8q, +16p, +7p), and show that loss of chromosome 6p (encompassing the HLA locus) was correlated with markedly reduced immune cell infiltration. This study shows that combining genomics with AI-aided histopathology in clinical trials leads to the identification of novel clinical biomarkers.
A cost of illness comparison between clinical judgement and molecular point-of-care testing for influenza-like-illness patients in primary care in Germany
Authors: Sauerland Dirk , Brachmann Matthias , Serwa Paulina
Published: June 2022

Seasonal influenza poses a serious public health problem causing a high economic burden for the society (1). An early diagnosis supported by routine use of rapid influenza tests is likely to reduce overall costs in cases of suspected infection (2). It is associated with a constraint in the spread of the disease and a reduced risk of extra diagnostics and hospitalization (3,4,5). However, rapid diagnostic tests have not yet been integrated into a routine use in German primary care. Here we show that the point-of-care testing may produce lower costs of illness than relying on clinical judgement alone. We developed a decision tree model to simulate costs of illness for a hypothetical cohort of influenza like illness (ILI) patients in primary care with different diagnostic approaches: clinical judgement with no technical support and point of care testing. The cost calculating model includes direct costs of illness from a payor perspective and is calculated for age groups of elderly, adults and children. The costs of illness for ILI patients are lower by 7.05 € per patient when comparing the POCT pathway to clinical judgement alone. On a national level this could mean lower costs of 64,195,730 € when calculated for a peak influenza season. The costs of illness as well as their difference varies widely among the age groups. Using clinical judgement alone the costs of illness sum up to 155.99 € for the elderly (aged 60+) compared to 76.31 € for adults and 74.15 € for children. With POCT the costs of illness for the elderly amount 115,09 € which is 26% lower than the costs without diagnostic support. The costs for adults and children are 74.42 € and 75.66 € which means lower costs of illness of 2.5% for adults and higher costs of 2% for children. Our results demonstrate that the use of POC testing to support primary care physicians in detecting influenza in influenza-like-illness patients may reduce overall cost of illness in Germany. This is most significant when used for elderly patients. Provided data can help governments to make informed decisions about potential costs savings by integrating POCT into the reimbursement scheme.
Detecting Stochastic Governing Laws with Observation on Stationary Distributions ∗
Authors: Chen Xiaoli , Wang Hui , Duan Jinqiao
Published: June 2022

Mathematical models for complex systems are often accompanied with uncertainties. The goal of this paper is to extract a stochastic differential equation governing model with observation on stationary probability distributions. We develop a neural network framework to learn the drift and diffusion terms of the stochastic differential equation. We introduce a new loss function containing the Hellinger distance between the observation data and the learned stationary probability density function. After minimizing this loss function in the training procedure, we find that the learned stochastic differential equation shows a reasonable approximation of the data-driven dynamical system. The effectiveness of our framework is demonstrated in numerical experiments.
regO, a Novel Locus in the Regulation of Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis in Rhodospirillum rubrum
Authors: Mansour Manar Mahmoud , Abou-Aisha Khaled
Published: June 2022

Purpose: A new locus, regO, involved in the regulation of photosynthesis gene expression in response to oxygen and light, has been studied in Rhodosprillum rubrum ATCC1117 (Rsp. rubrum) for identification of its function. Methods: Inactivation of regO by interposon mutagenesis resulted in the inability of cells to grow photosynthetically, (i.e. become PS–). Also Protein domain analysis of RegO was done using BLAST engine was also performed. Results: The mutant strain was able to grow only anaerobically in the dark in presence of DMSO as an external electron acceptor. Under these conditions, the mutant produced substantially lower amounts of photosynthetic membranes, indicating that regO is involved in photosynthetic gene expression in response to anaerobiosis. The Rsp. rubrum REGO– disrupted mutant recovered the synthesis of photosynthetic membranes, and retained regulation by light and/or oxygen tension, when wild type the regO gene was provided in-trans.Protein domain analysis of RegO revealed that it encodes a multi-domain sensor histidine kinase (HK). The signal-input, PAS domains, bear strong similarities to putative heme-bound sensors involved in sensing light, redox potential and/or oxygen. The output HK domain exhibits strong homology to sensor domains from bacterial two-component systems involved in signal transduction in response to the same environmental signalsConclusion: regO is sensor histidine kinase that belong to bacterial two-component systems responsible for signal transduction in response to light and oxygen in particularly absence of oxygen. It is belived to be involved in the regulation of terapyroll biosynthesis, which was shown as a lack of photosynthetic membranes in the mutant strain regO. Unlike other sensor kinase homologues from related anoxygenic phototrophic bacterial species, RegO is predicted to lack transmembrane domains and is thus expected to be a cytosolic member of a two-component signal transduction system.
Identification of disinfection by-product precursors by natural organic matter fractionation: a review
Authors: Dejaeger Karlien , Criquet Justine , Vanoppen Marjolein , Vignal Cécile , Billon Gabriel , Cornelissen Emile R.
Published: June 2022

During water disinfection, natural organic matter reacts with chlorinated reagents to produced harmful byproducts, yet the formation and nature of those byproducts are poorly known. Therefore, scientists have focused on the fractionation of natural organic matter with membranes or resins to better understand how and which organic matter fractions react during chlorination. Here we compared the reactivity of disinfection by-products for various organic fractions with a meta-analysis of data from 400 water samples published in 80 publications, with focus on chlorination time and dose, (SUVA254) and the column capacity factor used during resin fractionation. SUVA254 refer to specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm divided by the organic matter concentration. We found that hydrophobic compounds have 10–20% higher reactivity to both trihalomethane and haloacetic acid formation, compared to hydrophilic compounds in waters with high SUVA254 above 2 L/(mg∙m), while hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds have equal reactivity in waters with low SUVA254. On the other hand, hydrophilic compounds are 20–80% more reactive towards emerging disinfection by-products, regardless of SUVA254. Chlorination time and dose does not influence the reactivity ratio between the different fractions. An increase in column capacity factor can shift the reactivity ratio from hydrophobic to hydrophilic fractions. Dead-end, stirred cell ultrafiltration membrane fractionation might not always produce sharply separated fractions, which is mainly due to fouling. Therefore, no clear correlation could be found between membrane fractions and all investigated disinfection by-product groups.
Altered muscle recruitment patterns during isometric shoulder abduction in individuals with chronic upper trapezius pain : a cross sectional study
Authors: Kim Hyun-a , Kwon Oh-yun , Yi Chung-hwi , Jeon Hye-seon , Choi Woochol Joseph , Weon Jong-hyuck
Published: June 2022

Background
Upper trapezius (UT) pain with myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) can affect movement at the glenohumeral joint as well as at the scapulothoracic joint. The investigation of muscle recruitment patterns can discern motor control strategies. The purpose of this study was to compare shoulder muscle recruitment patterns and muscle activity according to various loads between individuals with and without chronic UT pain.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, twenty-four subjects that had UT pain with MTrPs and sex, age, body weight matched 24 controls with no UT pain were recruited. Surface EMG electrodes were attached to the UT, the serratus anterior (SA), the lower trapezius (LT) and the middle deltoid (MD). All subjects performed isometric shoulder abduction with a load of 25%, 50%, or 75% of the maximum strength at 60° of shoulder abduction. The EMG activity, the activity ratio (SA/UT, LT/UT, MD/UT), and the relative contribution of each muscle activity were calculated.
Results
MD activity was significantly decreased in the UT pain group compared to that in the control group (p < 0.05). The EMG activity ratio of SA/UT (p < 0.025) and the relative contribution of SA activity to shoulder abduction (p < 0.05) were significantly greater in the UT pain group than in the control group in the 25% loading condition .
Conclusion
It was investigated that the UT pain group had altered recruitment patterns and decreased MD activity at low loads. The results of present study suggest that UT pain with MTrPs may increase the relative contribution of SA activity. Altered SA/UT recruitment patterns can decrease the MD activity during shoulder abduction in the 25% loading condition. Clinicians should consider altered recruitment patterns when managing UT pain.
Trial registration:
Clinical Research information Service: CRIS (KCT0007370; 08/06/2022).
Controlling Diastereodivergent Light-Driven Processes: The Impact of the Light Source and Steric Factors on the Paternò-Büchi Reaction
Authors: Mateos Javier , Rigodanza Francesco , Costa Paolo , Natali Mirco , Vega-Peñaloza Alberto , Fresch Elisa , Collini Elisabetta , Bonchio Marcella , Sartorel Andrea , Dell'Amico Luca
Published: June 2022

By conducting in-depth mechanistic investigations to rationalize reaction manifolds, chemists can expand the generality of synthetic processes and discover novel reactivities. The challenge is to use the resulting information to control the selectivity of a given synthetic process. A particular challenge for organic chemists is to use an external stimulus to switch a reactivity on or off. Here, we mechanistically investigated light-driven [2+2] heterocycloadditions (Paternò-Büchi reactions) between indoles and ketones. We used ground-state UV-Vis absorption and transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) at ns and fs timescale, together with DFT and TD-DFT calculations. We found that the reaction can proceed via an exciplex or electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) complex manifold, which are key intermediates in determining the reaction’s stereoselectivity. We used this discovery to control the reaction’s diastereoselectivity, gaining access to previously inaccessible diastereoisomeric variants. When moving from 370 to 456 nm irradiation, the EDA complex is increasingly favored, and the diastereomeric ratio dr (en-do:exo) moves from >99:<1 up to 47:53. In contrast, a simple Methyl-to-iPropyl favors the exciplex, reversing the dr from 89:11 to 16:84. Our study shows how light and steric parameters can be rationally used to control the diastereoselectivity of syn-thetically relevant photoreactions, creating new mechanistic pathways to previously inaccessible stereochemical variants.
On-chip spin-photon entanglement based on single-photon scattering
Authors: Chan Ming Lai , Tiranov Alexey , Appel Martin , Wang Ying , Midolo Leonardo , Scholz Sven , Wieck Andreas , Ludwig Arne , Sørensen Anders , Lodahl Peter
Published: June 2022

The realization of on-chip quantum gates between photons and solid-state spins is a key building block for quantum-information processors, enabling, e.g., distributed quantum computing, where remote quantum registers are interconnected by flying photons. Self-assembled quantum dots integrated in nanostructures are one of the most promising systems for such an endeavor thanks to their near-unity photon-emitter coupling and fast spontaneous emission rate. Here we demonstrate an on-chip entangling gate between an incoming photon and a stationary quantum-dot spin qubit. The gate is based on sequential scattering of a time-bin encoded photon with a waveguide-embedded quantum dot and operates on sub-microsecond timescale; two orders of magnitude faster than other platforms. Heralding on detection of a reflected photon renders the gate fidelity fully immune to spectral wandering of the emitter. These results represent a major step in realizing a quantum node capable of both photonic entanglement generation and on-chip quantum logic, as demanded in quantum networks and quantum repeaters.
A retrospective evaluation of short-term results from colonic stenting as a bridge to elective surgery versus emergency surgery for malignant intestinal obstruction
Authors: Chongjing Mu , Lei Chen
Published: June 2022

Purpose
The efficacy and safety of self-expanding metallic stent (SEMS) placement as a bridge to elective surgery versus emergency surgercy to treat malignant intestinal obstruction is debated. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients with malignant intestinal obstruction treated using different procedure.
Methods
Subjects admitted to the authors’ department with colonic obstruction (n = 87) were studied. They underwent colonic stenting as a bridge to elective surgery (SEMS group: n = 14) or emergency surgery (ES group:n = 22).Their demographic characteristics, stoma rate, laparoscopy rate and postoperative complications were analyzed, and the potential risk factors of postoperative complications and the optimal time interval from SEMS implantation to elective surgery were explored.
Results
The stoma rate was 15.4% in the SEMS group versus 60.0% in the ES group (P = 0.015), and the postoperative co mplication rate was 7.7% in the SEMS group versus 40.0% in the ES group (P = 0.042). The proportion of patients undergoing laparoscopy in SEMS group was significantly higher than that in ES group (69.2% vs. 15.0%; P = 0.003).The effect of ASA gradeification on postoperative complications was statistically significant (OR = 24.565; P = 0.008). The Receiving operating characteristic(ROC) curve could not determine the optimal time interval between SEMS implantation and elective surgery (AUC = 0.466).
Conclusions
SEMS implantation has the advantages of lower temporary stoma rate, less postoperative complications and higher laparoscopy rate compared with ES in the treatment of left malignant intestinal obstruction. ASA grade is a risk factor for postoperative complications. However, larger sample size prospective randomized controlled trials(RCT) are still needed to confirm long-term oncological outcomes.
Characterization of EGFR-reprogrammable temozolomide-resistant cells in a model of glioblastoma
Authors: Gong Lingli , Yin Ying , Chen Cheng , Wan Quan , Xia Die , Wang Mei , Pu Zhening , Zhang Bo , Zou Jian
Published: June 2022

Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance is a major clinical challenge for glioblastoma (GBM). O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) mediated DNA damage repair is a key mechanism for TMZ resistance. However, MGMT-null GBM patients remain resistant to TMZ, and the process for resistance evolution is largely unknown. Here, we developed an acquired TMZ resistant xenograft model using serial implantation of MGMT-null U87 cells, allowing the extraction of stable, TMZ resistant (TMZ-R) tumors and primary cells. The derived tumors and cells exhibited stable multidrug resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Functional experiments, as well as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), indicated that TMZ treatment induced cellular heterogeneity including quiescent cancer stem cells (CSCs) in TMZ-R tumors. A subset of these were labeled by NES+/SOX2+/CADM1+ and demonstrated significant advantages for drug resistance. Further study revealed that Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) deficiency and diminished downstream signaling may confer this triple positive CSCs subgroup’s quiescent phenotypes and chemoresistance. Continuous EGF treatment improved the chemosensitivity of TMZ-R cells both in vitro and in vivo, mechanically reversing cell cycle arrest and reduced drug uptake. Further, EGF treatment of TMZ-R tumors favorably normalized the response to TMZ in combination therapy. Here, we characterize a unique subgroup of CSCs in MGMT-null experimental glioblastoma, identifying EGF + TMZ therapy as a potential strategy to overcome cellular quiescence and TMZ resistance, likely endowed by deficient EGFR signaling.
Can educational video resources improve learning when used to augment traditional teaching of clinical examination? A randomized control trial of novice medical students.
Authors: Flatt Ellie , Brewer Paul , Racy Malek , Mushtaq Faisal , Ashworth Rachael , Ali Fazal , Tomlinson James
Published: June 2022

Background
Good clinical examination skills can both increase the quality of patient care and reduce its cost. A previous study by our group demonstrated that face-to-face training is the gold standard for teaching these skills. It is unclear if high quality educational videos can augment this teaching.
Methods
42 Medical Students naïve to large joint examination were recruited and block randomised to two groups. The control group had face-to-face teaching alone. The intervention group had their teaching augmented with a custom educational video accessed via a web portal. Participants were assessed on their examination of a large joint using a previously standardised assessment tool at baseline and seven days post intervention. Assessors were blinded to intervention type.
Results
There was no significant difference in the mean baseline scores. Mean baseline scores were 3.35 (11.2%, SD = 2.2, SE = 0.49) for the face-to-face only group and 2.65 (8.8%, SD = 1.39, SE = 0.31) for the video adjunct group [p = 0.137]. There was a significant difference in the improvement in score after intervention between each group. The mean improvement in score was 15.42 (SD = 5.64, SE = 1.29) for the face-to-face only group and 20.68 (SD = 4.33,SE = 0.99) for the video adjunct group [p = 0.005].
Conclusion
A custom-made educational video significantly improves the teaching of clinical examination skills and there is a role for these resources in augmenting traditional teaching methods.
Dust cloud convections in inhomogeneously heated plasmas in microgravity
Authors: Schmitz Andreas S. , Schulz Ivo , Kretschmer Michael , Thoma Markus H.
Published: June 2022

Convection is a phenomenon that often occurs in the presence of temperature gradients. In micro-gravity, free convection can not occur due to the lack of buoyancy. However, during parabolic flights we observed convections of microparticles in a gas discharge within the cylindrical plasma chamber of the setup PK-4. The microparticles and the plasma were exposed to a thermal gradient caused by a heating ring attached to the outer wall of the plasma chamber, which is made of glass. Because of the thermophoretic force caused by the thermal gradient the microparticles were stopped in front of the heater. There, the cloud convections and dust waves were observed. Analysis by tracking the microparticles’ trajectories showed that the vortices were induced by thermal creep, a gas flow that commonly occurs in gases with low pressures at inhomogeneously heated solid interfaces. This effect has driven a gas convection which in turn caused the convection of the microparticle cloud.
Photocatalyst-free, single nickel catalysis: a general method to access diverse carbon-heteroatom bonds
Authors: Luo Hang , Wang Guohua , Feng Yunhui , Zheng Wanyao , Kong Lingya , Ma Yunpeng , Matsunaga Shigeki , Lin Luqing
Published: June 2022

State-of-the-art photoredox/nickel dual catalysis is a powerful strategy for the rapid assembly of complex scaffolds but requires expensive and highly reactive photosensitizers to shuttle energy or electrons. Single nickel catalysis, which performs dual roles of light-harvesting and organometallic catalysis, avoids these issues associated with photocatalysts. Herein, we report visible light-promoted single nickel catalysis for diverse carbon-heteroatom couplings under mild conditions. This mild, general, and robust method to couple diverse nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur nucleophiles with an aryl(heteroaryl)/alkenyl iodides/bromides exhibits a wide range of functional group tolerance and is applicable to late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals and natural products. Based on preliminary mechanistic studies, a NiI/NiIII cycle was proposed via the generation of active NiI complexes that appear from homolysis of NiII-I rather than NiII-aryl bond.