bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTE
Authors: Y Gouthami , Gidagiri Praveen , G Bhuvaneshwari , lekshmi Geetha , Shameena Ms.
Published: June 2024

The globe is looking for fuels other than petroleum-derived ones to lessen its reliance on non-renewable resources. Nowadays, ethanol made from maize grain (starch) and sugar cane (sucrose) is the most widely used renewable fuel. Since the availability of these raw materials is anticipated to reach a limit soon, lignocellulosic biomass is viewed as a promising feedstock for ethanol supplies in the future. But the creation of commercial processes that use biomass is hampered by both financial and technical issues. Innovations in technology are underway to enable the economical transformation of biomass into chemicals and fuels. Some of these technologies are robust and efficient fermentative microorganisms, extremely effective cellulases and hemicellulases and inexpensive thermochemical treatments. Commercialization now has greater promise due to the numerous advancements made in the last few years. By creating bioresearch energy and utilizing wastes to make bioethanol, the technique will assist combat the challenges posed by the depletion of fossil fuels and maintain a clean environment. An excellent, environmentally beneficial substitute for non-renewable fuels is bioethanol, which is made from garbage. Greenhouse gas emissions from using conventional gasoline are decreased when a percentage of bioethanol is added. Furthermore, current automobiles operate flawlessly on bioethanol blends without requiring any engine modifications, contributing to energy savings and a cleaner environment. Hence, bioethanol is a potential alternative energy source in future as there is a strong need for sustainable energy sources to decrease reliance on foreign petroleum oil.
EMERGENCE OF PEPTIDES AS POTENTIAL DRUG CANDIDATES IN NEOPLASMS
Authors: N Divya Rajaselvi , A. R Nisha , R Bharathi Priya , N Nova Chelladurai Rajan N
Published: June 2024

For the therapeutic intervention and medical management of cancer, numerous distinct treatment strategies have been explored. Chemotherapeutic drugs used clinically are having narrow therapeutic profile with harmful side effects and the subsequent multiorgan toxicity. Therefore, recent research has focused on uncovering the best alternative for a cancer with minimal negative outcomes as well as with greater efficacy. Among various nutrients, peptides are found with highest potency and minimal adverse effects. Anticancer Peptides (ACPs) are peptides that can be witnessed in both natural and synthesised forms, and their distinct net charge and structure render them to show specificity towards malignant cells. This review encompasses peptides from a wide range of natural biological sources, including marine, animal, plant, insect, wasp, frog, snake venom and dietary sources. Several in vitro and in vivo research findings of those peptides are highlighted along with the underlying potential mechanism of action.
MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS (MAPS): PIONEERING THE PAST, TRANSFORMING THE PRESENT, SHAPING THE FUTURE
Authors: Singh Sonveer , Verma Prawal P S , Tiwari Amit Kumar , Kumar Dipender , Padalia RC
Published: June 2024

The historical and cultural significance of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) spans centuries, with roots in ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, and China, where they were used for medicinal, religious, and culinary purposes. Indigenous cultures and figures like Hippocrates further enriched the traditions of herbal medicine. Beyond their practical uses, MAPs held cultural and spiritual importance, influenced global culinary traditions, and contributed to art and literature. In agriculture, MAPs play a vital role through sustainable farming practices, natural pest control, and soil enrichment. They enhance flavors and aromas in the food industry and offer natural alternatives for supplements and medications. Economically, they are a significant industry, and ecologically, they promote biodiversity and reduce chemical interventions. This chapter explores into the profound historical and cultural significance of MAPs, unravels their pivotal contributions to contemporary agriculture and the food industry, and sheds light on their integral role in advancing sustainability and driving economic prosperity.
OZONE-BASED GRAIN STORAGE: A GREEN TECHNOLOGY WITH GREAT POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVING FOOD SAFETY
Authors: Shingala Abhishaben M. , Dabhi M. N. , Joshi Nirav U.
Published: June 2024

Ozone technology is increasingly being used in the grain storage sectors. Insects and other pests pose a serious problem when grain is kept in metal silos in bulk. Ozone gas is the preferred and most feasible approach for treating grains while they are stored in bulk since it leaves no residue and is environmentally beneficial. This chapter addresses the effects of ozone treatment on grain that has been stored and highlights the significance of treatment durations and ozone cycle frequency on a variety of grain properties, including insect population (adult/kg), germination percentage, moisture content, carbohydrate, starch, colour, and odour of various food grains (such as corn, wheat, rice, and other minor grains). It becomes clear that ozone has a high capacity to preserve grain storage quality while guaranteeing food safety.
DEVELOPMENT AND QUALITY ANALYSIS OF INSTANT MULTIGRAIN SPINACH THALIPEETH MIX
Authors: Jamdar J. L. , Patil S. N.
Published: June 2024

At present the demand for healthy, nutritious, simple, fast and convenient food is growing worldwide. Thalipeeth is a product which becoming popular in Maharashtra, however its preparation is time consuming which requires a high skill of cooking. Right now, bhajani flour is available in some food stores with different grain flour combination, while only few reports are available on nutritional content and composition of thalipeeth. Keeping in view the above facts the aim of present work was to develop instant multigrain thalipeeth mix supplemented with dried green spinach leaves. Four different samples of bhajani flour P1, P2, P3 and P4 were formulated in order to standardize composition of different flours like wheat, soya, rice, pearl millet, ragi, sorghum and bengal gram along with different spices. The organoleptically selected sample (P3) was further fortified with blanched, dried spinach leaves in different proportions as 1%, 1.5 %, 2% and 2.5% levels. The prepared thalipeeth were evaluated for sensory quality in comparison to control that is P4 (without spinach leaves). Final organoleptically selected sample was analyzed for nutritional and shelf life study. The nutritional analysis of the selected mix showed a significant increase in the proximate composition especially crude protein which was (19.30 %), total carbohydrates (60.84 %) and crude fiber (9.03 %). Sensory evaluation revealed that thalipeeth incorporated with 1.5% dried spinach were near about to control in all quality attributes. Storage studies showed that thalipeeth prepared from selected formulation after 6 months storage in PP pouch were acceptable. Microbial studies revealed that coliform, yeast, mould and standard plate count of instant thalipeeth mix was within the limit up to 6 months storage. It may be concluded that healthy, nutritious instant thalipeeth mix could be prepared using multi grains along with dried spinach leaves who can be stored in good condition up to 6 months at room temperature.
PREDILECTION OF TICK INFESTATION ON CATTLE OF PALAKKAD DISTRICT, KERALA STATE, INDIA DURING PRE-MONSOON SEASON
Authors: V Ramya , Rasheed K.A
Published: June 2024

Tick born diseases are widely distributed throughout the world, which cause a tremendous economic loss in live stock production. Live Stock is an integral part of agricultural production system in India, imparting a significant role in the socio economic life of the people in Kerala. About 60 percent of the total live stock s in Kerala are cows, among which Palakkad district holds the second largest number with apex in milk production in the state. Cattle help to overcome the poverty and unemployment to a great extent in these localities ensuring a regular flow of income to weaker section of population where by improving the health status of rural people. The present study was carried out to determine the preference of tick infestation among cattle from four selected localities of Palakkad district during the mid summer season. The total of 1917 evidently visible ticks of 10 cattle from four different localities were collected; five species comprising three genera were identified. These include Rhipicephalus Sanguineus, R. haemaphysaloides, Boophilus annulatus, B. decoloratus and Haemaphysalis bipinosa. The tick population was abundant throughout the study period with a peak during the month of May. Ticks were widely distributed in different parts of the host body such as head, neck, abdomen, ear, teats, leg and tail. Ticks collected from these regions were separately identified and analyzed for their specificity. Of which neck and abdomen regions were the most infested part of the animal body. The distribution of ticks on teats and Tail was least. To evaluate the rate of tick predation by birds, daily observation of selected animal were done.
THE ROLE OF AUTOMATION AND ROBOTICS IN INDUSTRY 4.0: A PARADIGM SHIFT IN MANUFACTURING
Authors: Manjunath Dr. Attel , Simha Akshay , H Manjushree
Published: June 2024

In the framework of Industry 4.0, this book chapter explores the revolutionary effects of automation and robotics on the industrial sector. It provides a comprehensive overview of how these technologies contributed to the paradigm shift that led to the advent of a new era of digitalized and intelligent manufacturing. Within the context of Industry 4.0, the chapter explores the different facets of automation and robotics, including their advancements, applications, benefits, challenges, and future prospects, within the framework of Industry 4.0. A revolutionary period known as "Industry 4.0" is characterized by the incorporation of digital technologies into production procedures, which improves productivity, efficiency, and agility. The extensive use of robotics and automation is one of the main forces driving this revolution.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HYDROPHOBIC SURFACE USING METAL OXIDES THIN FILMS
Authors: Makandar Shahussen , J R Nataraj , B W Shivaraj , Aan Sham
Published: June 2024

Hydrophobic surfaces play vital role in the solving the technological problems such as marine fouling, anticorrosion and drag reduction. For the synthesis of Nanoparticles such as Zinc Oxide (ZnO), Copper Oxide (CuO) and Ferrous Oxide (Fe2O3) Solution Combustion Method was used. Spin coating method was used to prepare hydrophobic surfaces. ZnO, CuO and Fe2O3 was mixed separately with Polystyrene (PS) and THF solution then magnetically stirred to get uniform dispersion of particles and heated to form gel. This gel was further spin coated on to the glass substrate to form ZnO/PS, CuO/PS and Fe2O3/PS thin films. Synthesized films were measured for Water Contact Angle (WCA) and Sliding Angle (SA) and further characterized for Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). P-XRD of nanoparticles showed the hexagonal wurtzite ZnO structure, monoclinic CuO structure and cubic Fe2O3 structure with crystallite size of 12.5, 14.59 and 12.88 nm. Water Contact Angle for ZnO/PS, CuO/PS and Fe2O3/PS films was found to be 101.77°, 96.48°and 93.97° and Sliding Angle was found to be 24.23°, 25.24°and 27.53°. EDX analysis showed that presence of 0.18 wt % Zinc, 0.07 wt% Copper, 0.13 wt% Iron, 1.22 wt % Oxygen, 98.43 wt% carbon and 0.24 wt% Silica contents on the surfaces. SEM micrograph of ZnO/PS, CuO/PS and Fe2O3 /PS films showed the nanoparticles have been uniformly dispersed in the PS matrix and particle size was found to be 24, 27 and 28 nm.
LOW VELOCITY IMPACT STRENGTH OF CARBON/GLASS REINFORCED EPOXY HYBRID NANOCOMPOSITES
Authors: K C Nagaraja , Manjunath Attel , K G Pranesh , Simha Akshay
Published: June 2024

The chapter reviews the low velocity impact strength of carbon/glass reinforced epoxy hybrid nanocomposites. The main objective of the paper is to critically analyse the research studies conducted in this field and to identify the key factors that affect the impact strength of these composites. The paper starts with an introduction to the concept of hybrid nanocomposites and their applications. Then, it discusses the various processing techniques used to fabricate carbon/glass reinforced epoxy hybrid nanocomposites. The paper also provides a detailed analysis of the effect of different types of nanoparticles on the impact strength of these composites. Finally, the paper summarizes the findings of the reviewed studies and highlights the future research directions in this field. The review concludes that carbon/glass reinforced epoxy hybrid nanocomposites have shown promising low velocity impact strength, and further research is needed to optimize the processing parameters and enhance their impact resistance properties.
DEVELOPMENT OF MAGNESIUM AND MAGNESIUM ALLOYS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION: CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: Venkatesh M. , Johnson A.
Published: June 2024

The repair of bony defects and the replacement of hard tissue have gained significant attention in the field of biomedical materials. Among the materials under investigation, magnesium (Mg) alloys hold promise due to their potential for biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and biodegradability within the body. These alloys offer mechanical properties akin to natural bone, actively facilitating new bone growth. In contrast to commonly used stainless steel, Co-Cr-Ni alloys, and titanium implants, Mg alloys exhibit several advantages. However, the rapid degradation of Mg alloys in physiological environments can lead to challenges such as gas cavities, hemolysis, and osteolysis, which limit their application in clinical orthopaedics. To address these concerns, numerous strategies have been developed, encompassing novel alloy formulations, composite materials, advanced surface coatings, and microstructural modifications. This article explores into the latest research on the utilization of Mg alloy implants for bone repair and a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in alloy design, surface enhancement techniques, and the biological performance of Mg alloys.
TEA AND DIABETES
Authors: Mandal Dr. Mainak , Roy Dr. Nirmalya , Chanda Dr. Abhishek
Published: June 2024

Since time immemorial, tea (Camellia sinensis) has been consumed regularly around the world. The three main types of tea are: oolong tea (2%), 20-22% green tea, and 76-78% black tea. Flavonoids which are polyphenolic chemicals, are particularly abundant in tea. The active component of tea that is responsible for beneficial effect in T2DM and metabolic syndrome is Catechin, a polyphenol. Catechin constitute 7 forms, including Epigalocatechingallate (ECGg). It has been demonstrated that black tea, when ingested in a healthy way as a supplement, can stop the progression of T2DM and metabolic syndrome in addition to providing other health advantages.
RADIATION THERAPY IN PITUITARY ADENOMA: CURRENT APPROACHES AND EMERGING TRENDS
Authors: Chaudhary Shwetima
Published: June 2024

Radiation therapy plays a crucial role in managing pituitary adenomas, offering effective tumor control and hormonal normalization. Conventional fractionated radiotherapy (CFRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) remain standard approaches, providing long-term efficacy with low toxicity. Advanced techniques like intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and proton beam therapy (PBT) offer improved precision and reduced side effects. Emerging trends include hypofractionation to shorten treatment duration and adjuvant radiation therapy for aggressive or recurrent cases. Integration of advanced imaging enhances treatment planning accuracy. Overall, radiation therapy continues to evolve, promising enhanced outcomes and minimized toxicity for patients with pituitary adenomas. Ongoing research and innovation are vital for further refining therapeutic strategies in this field.
AGADTANTRA (AYURVEDA TOXICOLOGY): PRECIOUS GIFT TO MANKIND
Authors: Adhao (Ganorkar) Dr. Mamata P.
Published: June 2024

Agadtantra is one of the eight significant branches of Ayurveda called as Asthang Ayurveda deals with science of poison. It has been stated that every material in the universe becomes toxic when it is used indiscriminately. The potency of the toxins may vary. It is evident that elimination of toxins from the body is must for healthy life. Even though incidence of Plant toxicity for example (Arka) Calotropis poisoning or animal poisoning for example (Sarpa) snakebites is on the decline because of awareness. Still the number of patients reporting to Physicians with various skin diseases, allergic manifestations and manifold psychological problems caused by food, drug and pollution are increasing considerably which is the leading health problem of current era. Ayurveda studies problems caused by food, drug and pollution under Virruddha Aahar (Incomptible food), Aam Vish (endogenous toxin), Krutrim Visha (artificial poisons), Dooshi Vish(Denatured Poison) which are unique and significant concepts of Ayurveda and treats them accordingly by purification process and different Vishaghna yogas-Agadas (Antitoxic formulations). Thus we can find that Ayurvedic toxicology is far more relevant in the present and for the days to come than ever before.
NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED DRUG DELIVERY IN ORAL CANCER THERAPY
Authors: M Kulkarni Dr. Aishwarya
Published: June 2024

Oral cancer, which affects the oropharynx and oral cavity, is an often aggressive disease that can metastasize, penetrate local tissue, and have a high fatality rate. Over the past few decades, traditional therapeutic approaches like surgery and chemoradiotherapy have improved, but they are still far from ideal outcomes. Nanotechnology, which entails the design, characterization, fabrication, and use of nanoscale drug delivery systems, is the current focus of cancer research to improve cancer detection and treatment approaches (oral cavity and oropharynx). Nanotechnologies, such as liquid crystals, hydrogels, cyclodextrin complexes, solid lipid nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, and polymeric nanoparticles, are potential instruments for diagnostic probes and therapeutic devices in medicine. This study's goal is to provide an overview of oral cancer treatment delivery methods based on nanotechnology.
REBUILDING HOPE: “A JOURNEY THROUGH CANCER REHABILITATION”
Authors: Chetan Dr. G. Sai , Sharma Dr. Himanshu , M Dr. Srinivasulu.
Published: June 2024

Background: Cancer rehabilitation has gained recognition as an essential component of comprehensive cancer care, addressing the diverse and complex needs of cancer survivors throughout the continuum of their disease. With advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment leading to improved survival rates, the focus has shifted towards optimizing functional outcomes and quality of life for individuals affected by cancer. Cancer rehabilitation encompasses various interventions, including physiotherapy, aimed at addressing physical impairments, functional limitations, and psychosocial challenges associated with the disease and its treatments. Prevalence and Incidence: The prevalence of cancer rehabilitation needs is substantial, reflecting the growing population of cancer survivors and the diverse range of sequelae experienced post-treatment. Cancer-related impairments can manifest across multiple domains, including musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiopulmonary, and psychosocial systems, impacting patients' ability to perform daily activities and participate in society. Incidence rates of impairments vary depending on cancer type, treatment modality, and individual patient factors, highlighting the heterogeneity of rehabilitation needs within the cancer population. Physiotherapy Advantages: Physiotherapy plays a central role in cancer rehabilitation, offering a multitude of benefits to address physical impairments and optimize functional outcomes. Exercise-based interventions tailored to the unique needs of cancer survivors have been shown to improve strength, endurance, flexibility, and balance, thereby enhancing overall physical function and reducing disability. Additionally, physiotherapy interventions focusing on lymphedema management, scar tissue mobilization, and pain management contribute to symptom relief and improved quality of life for cancer survivors.
A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY ON THE EFFICACY OF INDIGENOUS COMPOUND AND PLACEBO IN THE MANAGEMENT OF NIDRAJODAVARTA W.S.R TO SLEEP DEPRIVATION
Authors: J Dr. Sowjanya.
Published: June 2024

Nidrajodavarta is the Udavarta (abnormal movement of Vata Dosha) caused due to imbalance in the quality and quantity of Nidra (Sleep) leading to Jrumbha (yawning), Angamarda (discomfort due to pain in the body), Anga Shiro Akshi Jadya (feel of heaviness in the body, head and eyes along with decreased performance and alertness in daily routine) and Tandra (fatigue). Nidrajodavarta can be closely correlated to Sleep Deprivation explained in the contemporary science due to similarities between both conditions. Sleep Deprivation is the condition of not having enough Sleep (Qualitative and Quantitative) or suffering from lack of Sleep. Since past few decades the incidence and prevalence rates of Sleep deprivation have been found increasing not only in India but also worldwide. In this study an attempt is made to study the efficacy of an indigenous compound in effectively combating Nidrajodavarta in comparison to placebo. It is a single blind randomized comparative clinical study with pre and post evaluation where in 60 subjects of either sex diagnosed with Nidrajodavarta were randomly assigned into two groups, each comprising of 30 subjects. The subjects in Group 01 were administered with 12 grams of Indigenous compound once at night along with 150 ml of warm milk and the subjects in Group 02 were administered with 12 grams of Placebo once at night along with 150 ml of warm milk for 21 days with every 07 days review and review on every 07 days up to 21 days after the trial. The observed data was subjected to appropriate Statistical analysis. The statistical results showed significant effect in Group 1 than in Group 2. Adverse reaction of drugs was not noted in any subject during and after study.
PREVALENCE OF BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS AMONG SCHOOL-GOING ADOLESCENTS: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Nathiya Dr. P.
Published: June 2024

Adolescence is a period of several mental, emotional, and behavioural changes. Many adolescent problems are expressed in the form of emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer-related problems. The objectives of the current study are to assess the prevalence of behavioral problems among school – going adolescents in Coimbatore district.
A REVIEW ON RECENT ADVANCES IN THE MODIFICATION OF POROUS SILICA NANOMATERIALS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
Authors: Phukan Gaurisankar , Dutta Priyanka , Saikia Sudakhina , Kishor Gour Nand , Chandra Deka Ramesh
Published: June 2024

Modified porous silica nanomaterials have attracted great interest due to their potential applications in the fields of catalysis, adsorption, sensors, biological processes, chemical industries, and advanced composite materials. These enhanced physicochemical properties are due to their high surface area, modifiable pore size, adjustable framework, and well-defined host-guest chemistry. A lack of reviews that summarize the modification of porous silica nanomaterials and their diverse applications has been observed in the literature. In this article, we have summarized the recent advances in the synthesis of different transition and non-transition metal-loaded silica-based microporous, mesoporous, and micro-mesoporous composite nanomaterials. We have chosen ZSM-5, MCM-41, and MCM-48 owing to their inherent catalytic activity, which is further improved with functionalization. The synthesized nanomaterials can be used as an effective heterogeneous catalyst to improve the catalytic efficiency of various organic reactions. Water pollution is also a serious ecological hazard we face today. The major reason behind the water pollution is due to industrial waste, mining waste, sewage, pharmaceutical activities, etc. These sources contain various chemical substances, such as organic solvents, heavy metals, and textile dyes. So, these modified porous silica nanomaterials can also be used for the adsorption of heavy metal ions and for dye removal purposes. They can be also reused for several catalytic cycles without losing any catalytic activity, which confirms the true heterogeneous nature of the catalysts.
GOLD NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIS, CHARECTERIZATION TECHNIQUE AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Mandal Shyamal , Sen Gupta Agnila
Published: June 2024

Last 150 years, Gold Nanoparticles have proved significant advances gradually, including medical science, pharmacy & biological science. It leads with some medical & industrial applications like anticancer therapies, chemotherapies & in drug delivery. Nanotechnology involves multifunctionality, imaging, size distribution, therapeutic agents etc. Photothermal treatment can be applied to cancer with the help of gold nanoparticles. They can manage non-specific distribution areas& make infarction of only cancerous cells instead of making infarction cancerous as well as normal human cells. Tumours are the alloy of cancer cells as gold nanoparticles are featured with sub-micronic size so thatthey can penetrate tumoursunder some targeted drug delivery systems. Gold nanoparticles are perceptible,especially in cancer therapy, because of their remarkable compatibility & optical properties. In this journal, we are going to focus on recent developments in gold nanoparticle synthesis & its applications. So the applications of gold nanoparticles have some partial attention in chemical science as well, besides biomedical applications.
3D PRINTING OF PLA MATERIAL FOR PASSIVE PROSTHETIC FINGER FOR HAND REHABILITATION
Authors: Sahai Nitin , Marbaniang Pynwanjanai , Marwein Mariabiang , Ksoo Browinson , Nongrem Damankhraw , Mandal Shyamal
Published: June 2024

This case report explores the ease of utilizing patient-specific design in computer-aided software, open-source 3D printed design software. Participants were recruited and examined using subjective and objective analysis to guide the prosthetic designs. The measurements of the particular finger (i.e. index finger) were obtained and fed into computer software to develop computer-aided design drawings of the required prosthetics. This report uses CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software and additive technology to produce a low-cost mechanical finger prosthesis. The goal was to use Autodesk Tinkercad and Ultimaker Cura software which are freely available, to design and develop an index finger prosthesis from PLA (polylactic acid) material using a 3D printer. The prosthetic finger should be suitable and comfortable for the users depending on the size, weight and overall shape or model of the device and with the use of parametric modelling measures, which is a great help in producing specific and suitable prosthetics for the patient. To enable the lost gripping of the missing joints and to make it function well, the mechanical finger prosthesis will give a proper flexion and extension performance, the same as the movement of an excellent healthy finger. The designed and developed prosthetic finger has a simple construction consisting of components made on a 3D printer; a specifically attached cable system takes its movement and function into action. The model of the finger prosthetic was printed with an adequately designed socket to make it look like a healthy finger which will give a successful extension and flexion of finger movement using a cable system. After analysing, we found that the prosthetic functions as an anatomically healthy finger. Therefore, the current 3D printing technology significantly impacts producing prosthetics devices that are uniform scaling to fit the prostheses of different users.
CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF ELECTRON BEAM IRRADIATED Pd/C ON 2-METHYL NITRO BENZENE
Authors: B Suresh , Vanmathi Dr. G.
Published: June 2024

In this study nitro compounds viz., 2 – methyl nitro benzene was reduced by 10% Pd/C (50% wet) to 2 – methyl aniline and it is confirmed from MASS and NMR studies. The product yield was 70%. The hydrogenation was complete in 9.30 h. The catalysts were then irradiated by electron beam to various dosages from 0 kGy, 150 kGy, 200 kGy and 250 kGy using Microtron & RF Linac. The reduction reactions were conducted under similar conditions using irradiated 10% Pd/C samples. Now the product yield was 93%. The hydrogenation was fast and completed within 2 h 30 min. With the electron beam irradiated catalyst, the reaction time has decreased by 15 -70% and the completion of reaction is in the order of dosages 250 kGy > 200 kGy >150 kGy > 0 kGy. The fastness of reduction reaction in both the steps upon irradiation could be attributed to the increase in surface area. The studies were also conducted using Micro powder form of Pd/C catalyst both in non-irradiated and in the irradiated form. The decrease in reaction time and the increase in product yield have been attributed to higher dispersion of Pd particles upon irradiation.
REVIEW ON ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLE: RECENT ADVANCES AND FUTURE SCOPE
Authors: Ghosh Moupiya , Nandy Shivam , Sadhukhan Sukhendu
Published: June 2024

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been promoted as a superior antibacterial agent capable of combating bacteria that cause infections both in vitro and in vivo. Multidrug-resistant strains including of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria are all covered by AgNPs' antibacterial ability. A wide range of antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial activities can be found in silver nanoparticles. The bacterial cell membrane and DNA can be destroyed due to the presence of Ag+ ions and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by Ag nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles can penetrate bacterial cell walls, altering the shape of cell membranes and even causing cell death. Their effectiveness is attributable not only to their nanoscale size, but also to their enormous surface area to volume ratio. The current work comprises the development and use of silver nanoparticles in both the physical, and chemical methods and green approaches and their bacterial efficiency. This review paper also emphasizes the current works based on the antibacterial activity of Ag nanoparticles and their applications in drug administration. Furthermore, the limitations and future opportunities for silver nanoparticle antibacterial applications are evaluated and discussed.
GREEN METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS (GMOFS) SYNTHESIZED IN WATER: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Sailaja B. B. V. , Sridevi Veluru , Siva Rao T. , Pratima Kumari S. , Nagaraju Goli. , Talib Hamzah Husam
Published: June 2024

This chapter focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of Green Metal-Organic Frameworks (GMOFs) that are synthesized in water. The increasing demand for environmentally friendly and sustainable materials has spurred the development of GMOFs, which minimize the use of organic solvents and reduce the environmental impact associated with traditional Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) synthesis. The chapter provides an overview of the synthesis strategies for GMOFs in water, including ligand design, direct synthesis, template or structure-directing agents, coordination modulation, and the incorporation of green catalysts. Additionally, the characterization techniques employed to assess the structure, morphology, and properties of GMOFs are discussed. Finally, the chapter explores the diverse range of applications of GMOFs in areas such as gas storage, catalysis, drug delivery, and environmental remediation, highlighting their potential as sustainable materials for a greener future.
A NOVEL APPROACH IN SYNTHESIS OF NANO PARTICLES
Authors: Pradeep Santosh Kumar B. , Sunkara Harika , Chitti Babu N. , Veluru Sridevi
Published: June 2024

The Synthesis Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Plant’s Leaf Extract Is Shown In This Paper. By Using Zinc Acetate Dihydride (0.01M Zn(CH3CO2)2) React With Leaf Extract Of Tecoma Stans (Yellow Elder) At Different Concentrations With Maintaining Reaction Temperature At 600 C With 10 Ph A Precipitate Paste Is Obtained Which Is Filtered, Dried, Centrifuged By This We Had Prepared Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Successfully And We Packed Those Powder For Further Analysis. In The UV Visible Spectrometer (UV-Vis) Absorption Peak Was Observed In Range Between 258nm To 378nm Which Is Specific For Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. In The Characterization X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Pattern The Average Size Of Nanoparticle Obtained Range Is In Between 3nm To 68nm And With Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) The Nano Particle Shape Is In Spherical Form. By Seeing The Results Of Various Characterizations Obtained On Nanoparticles We Had Confirmed That The Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Had Formed. In Which These Zinc Particles Possessed Properties Of Shine, Anti-Dust And Waterproof, So These Nanoparticles Particles Used In Paints Or Dyes As Anti-Dust And Waterproofing Agent And In Cosmetics For Shine. Also In This Paper We Explained Why Green Synthesis Method Is Chosen For Preparation Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. The Green Synthesis (Biological) Method Was Found As Cost Effective With Better Results And Benefits And Eco-Friendly.
SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Dasari Anjali , Rachakonda Srikanth , Sridevi Veluru , Talib Hamzah Husam
Published: June 2024

In this study, a chemical processing scheme was employed to recover silver metal from waste radiographic films, utilizing a simple and eco-friendly approach for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The process involved dissolving the films in 1N nitric acid (HNO3) solution at 90°C for approximately 1 hour, converting silver into silver nitrate (AgNO3(aq)). The obtained aqueous silver nitrate (1mM) was derived through the extraction of X-ray sheets. Subsequently, the aqueous silver ions were exposed to leaf broth of Psidium guajava as a reductant, leading to the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The bio-reduced silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The UV-Vis spectrophotometer revealed observed peaks in a broad spectrum ranging from 390 nm to 450 nm wavelength. TEM analysis indicated that the size of the silver nanoparticles ranged from 30 nm to 60 nm. Silver has long been acknowledged for its inhibitory effects on microbes in medical and industrial processes. Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled the production of pure silver nanoparticles, known for their enhanced efficiency compared to silver ions. Silver nanoparticles are particularly attractive due to their non-toxic nature at low concentrations and broad-spectrum antibacterial actions. To facilitate this research, a chemical treatment of X-ray sheets was employed to extract silver nitrate, and the subsequent green synthesis of silver nanoparticles showcased promising results. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were then tested for their antibacterial activity against E. coli, exhibiting an average zone of inhibition ranging from 20 mm to 30 mm. These findings highlight the potential of the proposed method for environmentally friendly silver nanoparticle synthesis with significant applications in various fields.
NANOTECHOLOGY
Authors: Usha Jinendra Dr.
Published: June 2024

Nanotechnology, the manipulation of matter at the nanoscale, has emerged as a revolutionary field with profound implications across various disciplines. This abstract explores the fundamental principles of nanotechnology, its applications, and the transformative impact it holds for science, industry, and society. The ability to engineer materials at the molecular and atomic levels unlocks unprecedented possibilities, ranging from advanced medical diagnostics and treatments to innovative energy solutions and enhanced electronic devices. This abstract delves into key nanotechnological concepts, recent advancements, and the potential ethical considerations that accompany such transformative power. As nanotechnology continues to evolve, its multidisciplinary nature promises to reshape our understanding of the physical world and redefine the boundaries of technological innovation.
ADVANCED OXIDATION TECHNIQUES AS A FUTURE TREND IN LANDFILL LEACHATE TREATMENT
Authors: lavudya Sushma , Gopi Krishna B , A Sindhu , Shankaraiah G. , Bhagawan D. , Himabindu V.
Published: June 2024

Owing to its complexity and diversified, landfill leachate is difficult to treat to the dischargeable limits. There are many conventional techniques available and being applied to treat landfill leachate which are not proven efficient. Therefore, implementation of new techniques like advanced oxidation processes (AOP’s) can be employed to attain complete degradation. Hydroxyl radicals generated from AOPs degrade the organic compounds which are highly non-biodegradable in the landfill leachate. It is well known that hydroxyl radicals are strong oxidants and highly non selective in nature. Therefore, this chapter attempts to understand the formation of landfill leachate; principle and mechanism of few AOPs like fenton, electrooxidation, electrocoagulation, ozonation, sonication and photocatalysis.
THE NOVEL TECHNIQUES FOR ENHANCING POORLY SOLUBLE DRUGS – NANOSUSPENSION, VESICULAR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (TRANSFERSOMES, INVASOMES & NIOSOMES)
Authors: Jyoti Ms. , Chelsea Ruth John , Pooja Vemula
Published: June 2024

The conventional drug delivery system has several limitations, like poor solubility and the inability to achieve sustained and prolonged drug release. To overcome these limitations of conventional drug delivery systems, novel techniques have come into the existence. Solubility is the major issue seen in poorly soluble drugs, which leads to low efficiency. This book chapter explains the various solubility enhancement techniques, including nanosuspension and vesicular drug delivery systems (Transferosomes, Invasomes, and niosomes).
FERRITE-POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES: STRUCTURAL, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC AND EMI SHIELDING PROPERTIES
Authors: Raju P. , Kalyani CH. , Neeraja Rani G. , Kanaka Durga M. , Anjaiah J. , Katlakunta S.
Published: June 2024

Utilizing polyaniline (PANI) filler inside of a ferrite (NiCuZnFe2O4) matrix, electromagnetic absorbent materials that blend organic and inorganic components have been successfully created. These NiCuZn ferrite-PANI nanocomposites were created by mechanically milling ferrite. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine the structural and morphological features of these nanocomposites (SEM). The X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz) and Ku band (12-18 GHz) frequency ranges' electromagnetic characteristics and absorption patterns were investigated. The results show that for nanocomposites, the values of the real (ε′) and imaginary permittivity (ε″) and imaginary permeability (µ″) increase, while the value of real permeability (µ′) decreases as the filler content increases. The morphology, conductivity, and microwave absorption characteristics of the final materials are strongly influenced by parameters such as the amount and particle size of PANI and NCZ. It was shown that the addition of PANI increases overall shielding efficacy as well as reflection loss (RL) (SEtot). The nanocomposite that has the maximum RL, -41.72 dB, has 50% PANI by weight. The higher magnetic and dielectric losses brought on by the incorporation of conductive PANI filler inside the ferrite matrix are what are responsible for these nanocomposites' enhanced electromagnetic absorption capacities. For the creation of high-performance microwave-absorbing and electromagnetic shielding materials, the ability to manipulate the electromagnetic characteristics of these composite materials offers considerable potential.
INDUSTRY 5.0 & BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Rajput Dr. Namita , Jyotsna Dr. , Sharma Dr. Urvashi
Published: June 2024

Industry is knocking. Scholars and practitioners are debating it at conferences, symposiums, and seminars. The fourth industrial revolution holds many hopes for the future of effective and efficient manufacturing. It's interesting to note that Industry 5.0 is already being discussed in online forums and blogs. In discussions about Industry 5.0, industry is being chastised for not being able to meet all foreseeable future needs. While Industry 5.0 focuses on sustainability, Industry 5.0 focuses on mass production. We provide a critique of Industry and briefly present the arguments for Industry 5.0 in this research. Furthermore, regardless of its form, the next industrial revolution should be driven by both information technology and environmental concerns.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY INTIATIVESIN INDIA
Authors: Bai. B Dr. Geetha
Published: June 2024

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a voluntary approach in which companies take accountability for their impact on society, stakeholders, and the environment. By practicing CSR, businesses consider their societal, economic, and environmental effects, operating in ways that benefit these aspects rather than causing harm. CSR encompasses various forms, including philanthropy and volunteer efforts, contributing to societal well-being and enhancing a company's reputation. This article highlights the significance of CSR for businesses and society, emphasizing its positive impact on employee morale, customer relations, and brand image. It also discusses the implementation of CSR through ISO 26000 standards and provides examples of companies like Starbucks and Ben & Jerry's that excel in CSR initiatives. The article explores CSR's evolution, differing opinions, and four primary pillars—environmental, ethical, philanthropic, and financial responsibility. It delves into India's CSR initiatives, mandated by the Companies Act of 2013, covering diverse domains such as eradication of poverty, education, gender equality, environmental sustainability, and more. Recent developments in Indian CSR, including digitalization, COVID-19 relief measures, and focus on impact assessment, are detailed. International CSR obligations for companies operating in India are highlighted, underlining the role of legal frameworks and recent developments in promoting sustainable development. The article concludes by emphasizing the substantial impact of CSR in India, with companies actively participating in meaningful initiatives that contribute to societal betterment and inclusive development.
FINANCIAL ANALYTICS
Authors: G. Chauhan Mr. Rakeshkumar
Published: June 2024

This comprehensive exploration delves into the pivotal role of data analytics in the dynamic realm of finance, where rapid decision-making and market influences require sophisticated tools. Focusing on financial analytics, the investigation unfolds its foundational elements, encompassing data gathering, statistical methods, artificial intelligence, and visualization. The applications of financial analytics span market research, risk management, portfolio optimization, statistical modeling, sentiment assessment, and automated trading, shaping its crucial importance in the financial landscape. The ability to make informed decisions, manage risks effectively, gain a competitive advantage, adapt to market changes, and democratize finance through technology underscores its significance. However, challenges such as data integrity, model risk, regulatory compliance, and ethical considerations highlight the ongoing struggle in maintaining ethical standards amidst the evolving landscape of financial analytics. As finance continues its digital transformation, the integration of quantitative methods, technological innovation, and ethical considerations will play a defining role in shaping the future of financial decision-making.
A REVIEW ON DIETARY SUGGESTIONS DURING COVID-19
Authors: Nandhini M , R R Harini , Nithyakalyani K , J Pavithra , Kumar Voleti Vijaya
Published: June 2024

The review focused on the plant based foods for enhancing the immunity of all age groups against COVID-19. The world Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 as global pandemic, while thousands of infections and deaths are reported daily. This review provides insights about the properties of bioactive ingredients of foods and herbs for the support of the human immune system. There are a lot of traditional food items which can increase the immunity with an additional benefit of some antiviral properties. Dietary supplementation with vitamins C and D, as well as various minerals like zinc and selenium, was highlighted as potentially beneficial for individuals with, or at risk of, respiratory viral infections or for those in whom nutrient deficiency is detected. By the use of food rich in vitamins like C, D and E and bioactive ingredients like Turmeric, Ginger, Cinnamon, Garlic, Neem, Amla and probiotic yoghurt and minerals like zinc and magnesium these foods may increase immunity to control of COVID-19. In conclusion the plant-based products play a vital role to improve the immunity against COVID-19.
NOVEL DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Garg Preeti
Published: June 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic illness in which the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteinsis disturbes, resulting in hyperglycemia. The pharmacotherapy of diabetes depends on the type of diabetes mellitus and ranges from insulin preparations, insulin secretagogues , insulin sensitizers to newer class of incretin mimetics.
ENTRY LEVEL BEHAVIORS OF LOW ACADEMIC ACHIEVERS FOR REMEDIAL PROGRAM
Authors: Anand Dr. Nirmala , Shivasakthy Dr.(Prof) M. , Manglik Saloni , Shenoy Dr. Rajesh
Published: June 2024

Students who cannot cope with the demands of today’s academic institutions are termed as low academic achievers. It is imperative to identify the entry-level behaviours of these students. Determinants of academic failure must be acknowledged and an attempt to nullify them must be made. It is important to diagnose these determinants to design tools and techniques that can be used for remedial measures and the betterment of these students.