bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOME ASPECTS OF THE ASSESSMENT OF ANAEROBIC CAPACITY IN COMBAT ATHLETES
Authors: Zotova F , Mavliev F , Nazarenko A , Zemlenukhin I , Razzhivin O
Published: January 2020

Aim. The article deals with the assessment of anaerobic capacity in wrestlers depending on wrestling style and morphological indicators. Materials and methods. 33 male wrestlers participated in the experiment. All participants are apparently healthy people at the moment of the study and have their sports grades (from 1st grade to the Master of Sport). The test was conducted with the Monark 891E arm ergometer (Switzerland). The following parameters were obtained during the experiment: peak power (W), average power (W), time to peak power (ms). Results. Power was assessed with an arm ergometer. This power is mostly achieved by the muscles responsible for arm flexion and extension in the shoulder joint and, to a lesser extent, by the biceps and triceps responsible for flexion and extension in the elbow joint. This statement is based on the correlations between the peak power, average power, and chest circumference, which look as following: r = 0.58 ± 0.019 (р = 0.0006) and r = 0.68 ± 0.15 (р < 0.0001). At the same time, shoulder circumference is less correlated with power, while chest circumference correlates with the average power in a more pronounced way than body weight does (r = 0.68 ± 0.15 against r = 0.58 ± 0.19, at р = 0.049 – one-way analysis). Therefore, in wrestlers, it is necessary to take into account chest circumference, which will allow predicting the potential power of the locomotion connected with the shoulder girdle (in case if the test is adjusted to a specific wrestling style), as well as  the degree of shoulder girdle muscles development and training as one of the important predictors of successful combat. Conclusion. There are statistically significant correlations between the morphological indicators of wrestlers and their power. This can be used for the assessment of motor qualities depending on chest circumference, shoulder circumference, and skin-fat folds. It will be helpful for estimating a potential power and the efficiency of the training process as one of the main predictors of successful combat, especially at the first stages of multiyear training.
Studi Tentang Identitas Jati Diri Bangsa Jepang Dalam Kajian Filosofis
Authors: Widisuseno Iriyanto
Published: January 2020

(Title: STUDY OF THE JAPANESE NATION'S SELF-IDENTITY IDENTITYIN THE PHILOSOPHY STUDY) This research examines the identity of the Japanese nation through a philosophical approach. Philosophical approach wants to explore the basic values of life that are so fundamental to animating and giving character to the way of thinking and perspective on the meaning of life and life in society and nation. The Japanese nation is known to have a figure of independence, hardworking, resilient and polite, so it is always considered a model of a country that successfully runs modernization based on the values of its cultural traditions. The role of the Japanese state for the progress of the Indonesian economy is very large, especially through services and industry investment programs. The results of the study found Bushido as the basic value of life that animates and gives character to the way of thinking in interpreting the life and life of the Japanese nation. Bushido in its manifestation as the identity of the Japanese nation through eight Bushido virtues which contain moral values: Gi (integrity), Yu (courage), Jin (generous), Jin (generous), Rei (respect and courtesy to others), Makoto - Shin (Honesty and sincerity), Meiyo (maintaining good name and honor), Chugo (loyalty to leaders), Tei (caring). The results of this study can inspire the development of strategies and substance of character education in Indonesia.
Mengenal Rahasia Karakter Orang Jepang: Selalu Menghargai Proses, Tidak Hanya Hasil (Kajian Budaya Dalam Pendekatan Filosofis)
Authors: Widisuseno Iriyanto
Published: January 2020

This study focuses on examining how Japanese work culture patterns respect processes, not just the results of their work. The aim is to uncover the principles and evidence that underlie the pattern of Japanese work culture that always respects the process and not only the results. This study uses philosophical methods, which are essential, comprehensive and normative analysis of the facts of life to try to unravel and explore the principles of existence of life, namely the ontological, epistemological and axiological principles. The ontological principle, describes the Japanese footing in conceptualizing the meaning, nature of life and life in the midst of the world's environment. The principle of epistemology describes the way the Japanese realize the concept of meaning and meaning of life in their world. The axiological principle describes the values that make the direction or purpose of life. The existence of the three principles of existence is interspersed and systemic. The research results formulated that ontologically, the Japanese in conceptualizing the meaning and meaning of their lives rely on Bushido's moral values (integrity, courage, generosity, respect for others, honesty and sincerity). Epistemologically, Japanese lifestyles describe ways of finding Ikigai in him. Axiologically, the goal of Japanese life is "Ikigai" which is the values of happiness, something that makes people move forward into the future. As a conclusion of the study, that the character of Japanese people who always respect the process, and not only the results is an epistemological pattern of life-based on Bushido values, to build an axiological framework containing Ikigai.
ANALISIS SUMBERDAYA WILAYAH UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI DI PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT
Authors: Purwohandoyo Joni , Lubis Bobby Tumpal , Pambudi Yustikarani Julianti , Wicaksono Muhammad Sidiq
Published: January 2020

Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat merupakan salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang menaruh perhatian khusus terhadap pengembangan industri. Sumberdaya wilayah menjadi faktor penentu dalam pengembangan industri, yang terdiri dari sumberdaya alam dan sumberdaya manusia. Sumberdaya wilayah dan didukung dengan prasyarat industri terkait dengan kebijakan pemerintah akan menentukan sektor industri unggulan dan strategi pengembangan industrinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Untuk melihat konsentrasi sumberdaya alam di Provinsi NTB menggunakan analisis LQ sedangkan penentuan industri unggulan menggunakan analisis kesenjangan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis terdapat dua jenis industri yang menjadi unggulan di Provinsi NTB yaitu agroindustri dan industri kerajinan. Kedua jenis industri ini merupakan industri dengan tingkat kesenjangan yang rendah. Strategi pengembangan industri di Provinsi NTB disesuaikan dengan kondisi masing-masing jenis industri.
POLA PERKEMBANGAN PERUMAHAN DI KOTA SURAKARTA
Authors: Widodo Widodo , Sunarti Sunarti
Published: January 2020

Sektor perkembanagan perumahan di Kota Surakarta mengalami perkembangan yang sangat pesat. Pertumbuhan penduduk baik alami maupun migrasi yang pesat membuat kebutuhan akan lahan di perkotaan semakin menjadi tantangan serius. Seperti halnya Kota Surakarta dengan lokasi strategis yaitu ditengah – tengah Pulau Jawa dan menjadi pusat kota dari daerah di sekitarnya menjadikan pertumbuhan Kota Surakarta menjadi pesat . tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menidentifikasi pola sebaran perumahan untuk melihat kebutuhan sarana prasarana dan utilitas di Kota Surakarta. Studi ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif untuk menggambarkan perkembangan pertumbuhan perumahan terkait pola sebaran di Kota Surakarta. Mengadopsi analisa tetangga terdekat (nearest neighborhood)  untuk mengetahui pola sebaran perumahan. Hal ini karena segudang permasalahan di berbagai aspek yang perlu di benahi bersama mulai dari pemerintah sampai masyarakat.
PAZARLARIN ÜRÜN VE HİZMET KALİTESİ AÇISINDAN DİSİPLİNE EDİLMESİNDE AB ‘YENİ YAKLAŞIM DİREKTİFLERİ, ÜRÜNLERE İLİŞKİN TEKNİK MEVZUATIN UYUMLAŞTIRILMASI YASASI VE TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ ÜZERİNE ÖNERİLER
Authors: ERDİL T. Sabri , ERDİL Oya
Published: January 2020

Pazarlarda işlem gören ürün ve hizmetlerin kalite düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve disipline edilmesini sağlayan araçların oluşturulması ve etkin kılınması son zamanlarda işletme dünyasının ve ilgili kamu düzenlemelerinin odak noktasını teşkil etmektedir. Özellikle gelişmiş ülke pazarlarında oluşturulan kurumsal düzenlemelerde, özellikle tüketici hakları, çevre ve insan sağlığı ve haksız rekabetin önlenmesine yönelik yasal düzenlemelerin geliştirilmesi esas alınmaktadır. Paralel olarak geliştirilen diğer bir kurumsal çalışma ise onaylanmış denetim ve belgelendirme kuruluşlarının aktif olarak pazarın işleyişinde belirleyici ve düzenleyici rolü üstlenmeleridir. Bu gelişmelerde, özellikle iyileştirici düzenlemelerinin ulaştığı nihai noktayı ‘Yeni Yaklaşım Direktifleri’ ile oluşturulan A.B. direktiflerinde izlemekteyiz. Bu kapsamda Türkiye’de Akreditasyon Üst Kurumu , Rekabet Kurumu ve ilgili çerçeve kanunu ve tüketici yasası gibi 4077 veya 4307 sayılı yasalardaki düzenlemelerin çeşitli boyutlarıyla değerlendirilmesi, oluşturulacak pazar koşulları açısından önem arz etmektedir.. Direktiflerinin pazarlara ve sektörlere olan etkisinin düzenlemelerde kullanılması önemli yararlar sağlayacaktır. İki bölümde yaptığımız makale çalışmasının ilk bölümünde sivil inisiyatifle pazarların düzenlenmesinde özellikle pazardaki mal ve hizmetlerin dolaşımına yönelik düzenlemelerde dünyada gelinen son noktayı tartışmayı hedefledik. İkinci bölümde ise bu durumun Türkiye açısından önemini, gelişmelerin pazarlar ve sektörlere etkisini ve muhtemel ihtiyaç duyulacak tamamlayıcı düzenlemelere yönelik önerilerimizi geliştirmeye çalıştık.
BİREY VE ORGANİZASYON UYUMU VE ÇALIŞANLARIN İŞ TUTUMLARINA ETKİSİ
Authors: YAHYAGİL Mehmet Y.
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışma, örgütsel davranış alanında birey ve organizasyon arasında uyum düzeyinin saptanabilmesi için O’Reilly, Chatman ve Caldıvell’in (1991) [1] geliştirdiği ve “Örgüt Kültürü Profili” (OCP) olarak adlandırılan ölçme aracının ülkemiz iş dünyası koşullarındaki uygulanabilirlik derecesini belirlemek için planlanmıştır.. Bu nedenle, özgün ölçme aracında yer alan ve bireysel ve örgütsel değerlere ilişkin 54 maddeye, yapılan bir pilot çalışma sonuçlarından yararlanılarak Türk iş dünyasının niteliklerini yansıtabilecek 10 madde daha eklenmiştir. Böylelikle, toplam 64 değer- yargısının İstanbul'daki 2 yerel yönetim kuruluşu çalışanları (N = 137) tarafından hem bireysel ve hem de çalıştıkları kuruluşlar açısından ne ölçüde önem taşıdığını belirlemeleri istenmiştir. Ayrıca, saptanan birey-organizasyon uyum düzeyi (B-0 uyumu) ile iş tatmini arasındaki ilişki de incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları, istatistiksel açıdan öncelikle bu ölçme aracının ülkemizde de kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca, işletmelerin kültürel profillerinin tanımlanmasında olduğu kadar eleman seçiminde de kullanılabilecek bir ölçme aracı olması da önemlidir.
1990 SONRASI TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİNDE YAŞANAN BAŞLICA GELİŞMELER BAĞLAMINDA İTHALAT BÜYÜKLÜĞÜ ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: SAATCİOĞLU Cem
Published: January 2020

Çalışmamızda 1990 sonrası dönem için Türkiye Ekonomisi açısından ithalat büyüklüğünün belirleyicileri zaman serisi ekonometrik yöntemleri kullanılarak belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla ele alınan basit bir ekonometrik model yardımıyla gayri safi milli hasıla, ihracat, enflasyon ve nominal efektif döviz kuru gibi değişkenlerin ithalat değişkeni üzerindeki etkisi tahmin edilmeye çalışılmış ve elde edilen sonuçlar ile çalışma öncesi gerçekleştirilen beklentiler arasındaki uygunluk araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca dönem içi gerçekleşmiş ekonomik kriz oluşumlarının modelimiz üzerindeki olası etkilerini saptayabilmek için kukla değişkenler kullanılmıştır. Çalışmamızda gerçekleştirilen çözümleme sonucunda, ele alınan değişkenlerle ilgili ekonometri kuramının öngördüğü uzun dönemli bir denge yaklaşımı doğrultusunda, 1990’lı yıllarda döviz kurunda meydana gelen değişimlerin fiyat mekanizması yoluyla ithalat hacmi üzerinde meydana getirebileceği ikame etkilerinden ziyade ithalat hacminin milli gelire duyarlılığını dikkate alan gelir etkilerinin ithalat miktarı üzerinde belirleyici bir işleve sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
TÜRKİYE’DE HİZMET SEKTÖRÜ’NÜN GENEL YAPISI (GİRDİ-ÇIKTI YAKLAŞIMIYLA)
Authors: ÇAKIR Mesut , YÜKSEL Fatma , ÖZDEMİR Abdullah
Published: January 2020

Hizmet sektörü insan gereksinimlerini doğrudan karşılaması nedeniyle kalitesiyle ön plana çıkan bir üretim biçimidir. Hizmet sektörü son yıllarda reel sektörden çok daha hızlı olarak biiyiime göstermiştir. Artan refah düzeyi, daha iyi yaşam kalitesi isteği, daha fazla boş zaman, teknolojik ve demografik değişiklikler hizmetlere olan talebi artırmaktadır. Ayrıca, ara ve nihai hizmet talebindeki hızlı artış, hizmet istihdamında artışa neden olmaktadır. Bu ise, hizmet sektörünün milli Gelir içerisindeki payını gün geçtikçe artırmaktadır. Küresel ölçek ekonomileri, devlet politikaları ve düzenlemeleri, teknolojik gelişmeler ve uygun fiziksel dağıtım kanalları hizmet işletmelerini küreselleşmeye götüren nedenler arasında sayılmaktadır. Hizmet sektörünün bu öneminin yanı sıra, diğer sektörlerle olan ileri ve geri bağlantısı birlikte düşünüldüğünde de hizmet sektörü, 1990 yıllarla birlikte çok daha önemli bir konuma gelmiştir. Bu sektöre yapılacak yatırımlar ve yenilemelerle birlikte ülke kalkınması daha kolay gerçekleştirilebilir olabilecektir.
GAZETECİLİK VE INTERNET
Authors: ATAMAN Nejla
Published: January 2020

20. yüzyılın en önemli iletişim teknolojisi olan internet pek çok meslek grubu üzerinde önemli değişimlere neden olmuştur. Gazetecilik de bunlardan bir tanesidir. İhtiyaç duyulan pek çok bilginin giderek artan oranlarda internette yer alması, geniş kullanıcı kitleleri tarafından kabul görmesi ve majör bir iletişim aracı haline gelmesi medya çalışanlarını da interneti kullanmaya itmiştir. İnternetin meslek üzerindeki etkilerini ve gazetecilerin internete yönelik yaklaşımlarını ortaya koymayı hedefleyen çalışmalar göstermektedir ki ilk yıllarda gazeteciler interneti bir haberin geçmişini öğrenmek, elektronik posta alıp-vermek, makale araştırması yapmak ve iletişim bilgileri bulmak amacıyla kullanırken; bunlara zamanla yeni haberler için fikir edinmek, okurlar ve meslektaşlar ile eş zamanlı sohbetler yapmak ve tartışma listelerini takip etmek eklenmiştir. Internet haber odalarının ayrılmaz bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Internet medya takipçisi okuyucuya da önemli imkanlar tanımaktadır. Kullanım uygunluğu, etkileşim ve ihtiyaç duyulan bilgiye doğrudan ulaşma imkanı bunlardan bir kaçıdır.
ÖZ ETKİNLİK ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN PSİKOMETRİK ÖZELLİKLERİ
Authors: ÖZALP TÜRETGEN İlknur , CESUR Sevim
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Cesur ve Özalp Tiiretgen [2] tarafından Türkçe’ye çevrilen Öz Etkinlik Ölçeği’nin [1] psikometrik özelliklerinin daha ileri derecede incelenmesidir. Öz etkinlik, kişinin kendisine atfettiği bütün önemli başarı ve başarısızlıkların bir toplamıdır. Ölçek, farklı sektörlerde görev yapan beyaz yakalı çalışanlara uygulanmıştır. En az lise mezunu olan katılımcıların 132’si kadın, 105’i erkektir. Ölçeğin güvenilirliği için hesaplanan Cronbach Alfa değeri .84 bulunmuştur. Geçerliliğe yönelik olarak faktör analizi uygulandığında orijinalinden farklı olarak, “Zorluklara Atılma-Mücadele”, “İşe Başlama-Tamamlama” ve “Sosyal Etkinlik” olarak isimlendirilen, 19 maddeli ve üç boyutlu bir yapı ortaya çıkmıştır. Yine geçerlilik için ölçeğin, Kontrol Odağı, Atılganlık ve Nörotiklik yapılarıyla ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Ölçek, beklendiği gibi atılganlıkla pozitif, kontrol odağı ve nörotiklikle de negatif yönde anlamlı korelasyona sahiptir. Bu veriler ölçeğin güvenilirliğine ve geçerliliğine yönelik deliller sunmaktadır.
Ayrıca öz etkinlikle cinsiyet ve yaş değişkeninin ilişkisi de incelenmiştir. Ancak öz etkinlikle bu değişkenler arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır.
The psychological effects of systemic lupus erythematosus: the imitator of aging
Authors: Özsungur Fahri
Published: January 2020

Objectives: To assess the psychological effects of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), including perception of aging, in a cohort of participants who were either diagnosed with SLE or had an affected family member.

Methods: Over a period of 1 year, we conducted once-monthly face-to-face interviews with 12 participants. The participants were from 4 related families and include 7 females and 5 males. Three participants had a confirmed diagnosis of SLE. Spouses were also included in this study to assess transitivity of the psychological signs of SLE. Responses to structured interview questions were analyzed to assess the perception of aging.

Results: The major complaints in participants diagnosed with SLE were pain and psychological stress. Nephrotic syndrome, urinary tract infection, weight disorders and increased need for psychosocial support were common in the participants’ medical history. Qualitative analysis of questionnaires completed by participants with SLE revealed a correlation of “feeling old” with the non-resolution of health complaints. Family members who did not have SLE also reported “feeling old”. Complaints of stress, anxiety, nervousness and lack of enjoyment of life were common in those who were diagnosed with SLE, as well as those who were not. All spouses reported experiencing digestive disorders, hemorrhoids as well as various phobias, regardless of whether their partners had a confirmed SLE diagnosis.

Conclusions: In this study, we found that participants with SLE or those who had a close family member with SLE displayed psychological signs of aging. All participants had a predisposition to anxiety, while spouses developed various phobias.

Statement of novelty: We show that individuals with SLE and close family members have an increased self-perception of aging.
Estudo sobre a influência da espessura e glandularidade da mama na dose glandular média em exames de tomossíntese
Authors: Engler Camila , Attie Márcia Regina Pereira , Reis Lucas Paixão , Nogueira Maria do Socorro
Published: January 2020

A dose glandular média (DGM) é a grandeza dosimétrica utilizada para estimar a dose de radiação à qual uma paciente é exposta ao realizar um exame de mamografia. Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar a relação entre espessura da mama comprimida (EMC) e a densidade volumétrica da mama (DVM) com a DGM, assim como a  relação da EMC e idade da paciente com a DVM. As imagens de tomossíntese mamária de 660 pacientes foram analisadas usando o software Volpara. A partir dessa análise, obteve-se a DVM e a DGM. A idade do paciente e EMC foram obtidas do cabeçalho DICOM das imagens. Utilizando o software estatístico SPSS, foram realizados testes de correlação entre a EMC e DVM com a DGM e entre a EMC e idade da paciente com a DVM. Para as correlações entre DVM e DGM, a grandeza EMC foi fixada de 10 em 10 mm. As correlações foram analisadas através  dos coeficientes de correlação (r). Na relação entre DGM e EMC foi obtido r =  0,696. Para a relação DGM e DVM, a melhor correlação foi encontrada na faixa de 60 < EMC < 70 com r = 0,616. As correlações entre idade da paciente e EMC com DVM apresentaram r = -0,432 e r = -0,338, respectivamente. Os resultados mostram que a EMC é o fator mais relacionado ao aumento da DGM enquanto que a  DVM é ligeiramente mais afetada pela idade da paciente do que pela EMC.
How REDD+ and FLEGT-VPA processes are contributing towards SFM in Indonesia – the specialists' viewpoint
Authors: Neupane P.R. , Wiati C.B. , Angi E.M. , Köhl M. , Butarbutar T. , Reonaldus  , Gauli A.
Published: January 2020

In an effort to reverse the trend of deforestation and forest degradation, several international initiatives have been attempted. Though promoted in different political arenas, Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) – Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA), and Reducing
Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation in developing countries (REDD+) share overlapping objectives of conservation of tropical forests. We explore specialists' viewpoint on FLEGT-VPA and REDD+ processes in Indonesia with reference to their contribution towards Sustainable Forest
Management (SFM). The study shows that FLEGT-VPA and REDD+ regimes contribute towards SFM. While FLEGT-VPA improves enabling condition for SFM through governance reform, improved harvesting practices, and timber legality assurance system, REDD+ supports SFM through institutional strengthening,
reforming policies and frameworks, mobilizing new and additional financial resources and increasing social and ecological resilience. We identified opportunities to achieve synergies between REDD+ and FLEGT-VPA by harmonizing their processes, tools, methodologies, technical assistance, capacity-building
and funding mechanisms.
Forest certification and FSC standard initiatives in collaborative forest management system in Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai B.P. , Kunwar R.M. , Kc R.
Published: January 2020

The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) principles and criteria have been implemented in over 80 community forests in Nepal over the last decade. However, the total size of community forests certified under the FSC certification is relatively small (0.1% of the total area of the country),
which limits the overall benefits they can provide to the surrounding communities. The national government has instituted the Collaborative Forest Management (CFM) initiative to maintain forest connectivity and give local communities jurisdiction over the nearby forests that they and their
ancestor have lived with and managed for many generations. The CFM policies strive to ensure the restoration of large and continuous patches of forest, equitable benefit sharing of forest products and good governance, yet these policies do not certify the forests as sustainably managed, and
thus cannot provide increased prices on the international market for products from these forests. Two collaborative forests were assessed in the Tarai region of Nepal to understand how well these community managed forests already follow the FSC principles and where changes must be made for
these forests to be certified in the future. Field observations were undertaken, focus group discussions held, and semi-structured interviews carried out in order to understand current management practices in these two collaborative managed forests. Findings showed that the CFM helped improve
biodiversity and benefit sharing from the forest amongst the wide range of communities. Collaboratively managed forests and FSC principles were shown to have complementary objectives: to sustain forests, strengthen forest governance and conserve indigenous species and knowledge, and it is
argued that these plans can be synchronized for the benefit of both forests and people.
Bureaucratic recentralisation of Nepal's community forestry sector
Authors: Basnyat B. , Treue T. , Pokharel R.K.
Published: January 2020

This paper explores the forest bureaucracy's practices of implementing community forest policies in Nepal and how this shapes the realities of community forestry for forest user groups. To this end, we conducted a content analysis of community forest management plans; surveyed 74 community
forest user groups; conducted intensive field observation in six community forests and interacted with executive committee members and forest bureaucrats from two western hill districts. Our results show that forest user groups were hardly aware of their formal rights, including the obligations
of forest bureaucrats to deliver free-of-charge services and technical support. Nobody holds forest bureaucrats accountable for failing to fulfil this part of their official duties. Rather, the forest bureaucrats have established different legal and extralegal processes and mechanisms through
which they regain and maintain control over community forest resources. We call this 'bureaucratic recentralisation', and it allows forest bureaucrats to reap personal benefits, including unofficial revenues for delivering statutorily no-cost services.
Morrey estimates for a class of elliptic equations with drift term
Authors: Cirmi G. R. , D’Asero S. , Leonardi S.
Published: January 2020

We consider the following boundary value problem

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\begin{cases}
- {\rm div}{[M(x)\nabla u - E(x) u]} =f(x) & \text{in}~~ {\it\Omega} \\
u =0 & \text{on}~~
\partial{\it\Omega},
\end{cases}
\end{array}$$

where Ω is a bounded open subset of ℝN, with N > 2, M : Ω → ℝN2 is a symmetric matrix, E(x) and f(x) are respectively a vector field and function both belonging to suitable Morrey spaces and we study the corresponding regularity of u and D u.
The “olfactory fingerprint”: can diagnostics be improved by combining canine and digital noses?
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Heaney Liam M.
Published: January 2020

A sniffer (detecting) dog is conventionally defined as an animal trained to use its olfactory perceptions for detecting a vast array of substances, mostly volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including those exceptionally or exclusively generated in humans bearing specific pathologies. Such an extraordinary sniffing performance translates into the capability of detecting compounds close to the femtomolar level, with performance comparable to that of current mass spectrometry-based laboratory applications. Not only can dogs accurately detect “abnormal volatilomes” reflecting something wrong happening to their owners, but they can also perceive visual, vocal and behavioral signals, which altogether would contribute to raise their alertness. Although it seems reasonable to conclude that sniffer dogs could never be considered absolutely “diagnostic” for a given disorder, several lines of evidence attest that they may serve as efficient screening aids for many pathological conditions affecting their human companions. Favorable results have been obtained in trials on cancers, diabetes, seizures, narcolepsy and migraine, whilst interesting evidence is also emerging on the capability of early and accurately identifying patients with infectious diseases. This would lead the way to proposing an “olfactory fingerprint” loop, where evidence that dogs can identify the presence of human pathologies provides implicit proof of the existence of disease-specific volatilomes, which can be studied for developing laboratory techniques. Contextually, the evidence that specific pathologies are associated with abnormal VOC generation may serve as reliable basis for training dogs to detect these compounds, even (or especially) in patients at an asymptomatic phase.
Breaking out of the Regulatory Delusion. The Ban to Surrogacy and the Foundations of European Constitutionalism
Authors: Calderai Valentina
Published: January 2020

The transnational market of reproductive services puts a strain on western European States that refuse to acknowledge surrogacy contracts on public policy grounds. The cases decided so far rise three questions. First, under what circumstances foreign surrogacy judgements should be recognised? Second, what would be the constitutional repercussions of the recognition of these judgements? Third, how would it be like a legislation at once effective and respectful of fundamental rights of all parties involved? This Article analyses these questions and how they relate to each other. Based on a transaction-cost economic framework an argument is made that neither top-down, nor market-based regulatory solutions overcome the constitutional arguments that uphold the ban to surrogacy. An alternative approach to legal reform is considered, grounded on IPL and substantive domestic measures.
Changing perspectives on /s/ and gender over time in Glasgow
Authors: Stuart-Smith Jane
Published: January 2020

This paper considers the relative influence on sociophonetic interpretation of /s/ using “static” and “dynamic” acoustic analysis, wheredynamicrefers to the use of measures which capture the time-varying nature of segmental acoustics, andstaticto measures which are taken at a single point, or from an average across the sound (Watson and Harrington 1999, Docherty et al. 2015). Static and dynamic Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) analyses of spectral Centre of Gravity (CoG) and spectral Slope measures/trajectories were carried out on gendered productions of /s/ and /ʃ/ for a real- and apparent-time 32 speaker sample of spontaneous Glasgow dialect. Results of static CoG measures, reflecting place of articulation, indicate a reduction of gender differentation over time, such that girls born most recently revert to older vernacular (lower frequency) norms. Adding static spectral Slope, reflecting articulatory constriction, shows a change in gendered differentiation, whereby boys born most recently show a gestural shift. The DCT analysis both confirms the static results and also reveals that dynamic characteristics of both sibilants carry key additional prosodic, linguistic and social information for this community. Our results reflect for the first time the usefulness of changing analytical perspectives on /s/, both in terms of acoustic representation (static and dynamic), but also by considering /s/ alongside its partner sibilant /ʃ/ within the context of shifts in the construction of social gender over time.
Recognising regional varieties of Danish
Authors: Tøndering John , Pharao Nicolai
Published: January 2020

Regional varieties of Danish are distinguished mainly by prosodic cues, in particular the tonal stress group pattern. We test the hypothesis that prosody is a strong cue for identifying the regional background of speakers. This hypothesis was studied using an online survey in which listeners were asked to identify the origin of speakers based on examples from four different regional varieties of Danish. Listeners identified speaker origin on the basis of both natural, monotonised and delexicalised speech samples. The results show that although most listeners are able to identify the four regional varieties correctly, it is more reasonable to say that Danes categorise the regional varieties into broader categories of Western and Eastern Danish. Prosody clearly plays an important role in the identification of the varieties, but reliable identification is difficult based on prosody alone.
Wideband tunable perfect absorption of graphene plasmons via attenuated total reflection in Otto prism configuration
Authors: Nong Jinpeng , Tang Linlong , Lan Guilian , Luo Peng , Guo Caicheng , Yi Juemin , Wei Wei
Published: January 2020

A strategy is proposed to achieve wideband tunable perfect plasmonic absorption in graphene nanoribbons by employing attenuated total refraction (ATR) in Otto prism configuration. In this configuration, the Otto prism with a deep-subwavelength dielectric spacer is used to generate tunneling evanescent waves to excite localized plasmons in graphene nanoribbons. The influence of the configuration parameters on the absorption spectra of graphene plasmons is studied systematically, and the key finding is that perfect absorption can be achieved by actively controlling the incident angle of light under ATR conditions, which provides an effective degree of freedom to tune the absorption properties of graphene plasmons. Based on this result, it is further demonstrated that by simultaneously tuning the incident angle and the graphene Fermi energy, the tunable absorption waveband can be significantly enlarged, which is about 3 times wider than the conventional cavity-enhanced configuration. Our proposed strategy to achieve wideband, tunable graphene plasmons could be useful in various infrared plasmonic devices.
Lanthanide orthothiophosphates revisited: single-crystal X-ray, Raman, and DFT studies of TmPS4 and YbPS4
Authors: Scholz Tanja , Pielnhofer Florian , Eger Roland , Lotsch Bettina V.
Published: January 2020

The crystal structures of the lanthanide orthothiophosphates LnPS4 (Ln=lanthanide) have been extensively investigated in the past. Up to now, however, single crystals of two members of this series – TmPS4 and YbPS4 – have not been available. Here, we report a modified synthesis protocol for TmPS4 and YbPS4 yielding single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction. Both compounds crystallize in the tetragonal space group I41/acd (no. 142) with 16 formula units per unit cell and adopt the SmPS4 parent structure, like most reported lanthanide orthothiophosphates. The structures contain isolated [PS4]3− tetrahedra and two crystallographically independent Ln
3+ cations, which form trigonal-dodecahedral [LnS8]13− polyhedra. The lattice parameters for TmPS4 are a = 10.598(2), c = 18.877(4) Å with V = 2120.2(6) Å3, and for YbPS4
a = 10.577(2), c = 18.827(4) Å with V = 2106.2(7) Å3. The DFT-calculated electronic band structures indicate semiconducting behavior and reveal indirect band gaps of 2.1–2.2 eV, consistent with the reddish brown color of YbPS4, but underestimating the band gap of pale-yellow TmPS4. The Raman spectra are dominated by [PS4]3− vibrations as confirmed by DFT-calculated phonon spectra. DTA measurements reveal remarkably high thermal stability compared to other known orthothiophosphate compounds.
El archivo melancólico
Authors: García de la Sienra Rodrigo Garcia
Published: January 2020

En este artículo la noción de archivo no es abordada en tanto simple forma de registro, sino como una serie de prácticas estéticas y ético-políticas destinadas a incidir en el entramado de la memoria y la historia, que incluso ha llegado a conformarse en paradigma. Mediante un breve recorrido conceptual de corte histórico-genealógico, se sugiere una ruta teórica para interrogarse acerca de las bases éticas y epistemológicas de las prácticas del archivo en el contexto contemporáneo.
Mítico Manet. Ideologías estéticas en los orígenes de la pintura moderna
Authors: Rojas Gil Cristóbal Javier
Published: January 2020

Una vez más vuelve a sorprendernos la voluntad de especulación y problematización de Luis Puelles Romero, Profesor de Estética y Teoría de las Artes de la Universidad de Málaga, en esta nueva obra, editada por Abada. En Mítico Manet. Ideologías estéticas en los orígenes de la pintura moderna (2019) el esfuerzo intelectual del autor se centra en la figura de Édouard Manet, concretamente en el cuestionamiento de los valores estéticos responsables de consagrar al pintor como «inventor de lo moderno». Será a hombros de Baudelaire, Zola y Mallarmé desde donde el autor responda al interrogante acerca del posicionamiento de Manet como mito fundacional de la pintura moderna. Para hacerlo, Puelles focaliza su interés en tres ideas que serán estudiadas en cada una de los episodios secuenciales en los que se divide el libro: modernidad, originalidad y visualidad, respectivamente.
The role of postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy in local recurrence risk in medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Kukulska Aleksandra , Krajewska Jolanta , Kolosza Zofia , Paliczka-Cieslik Ewa , Kropinska Aleksandra , Pawlaczek Agnieszka , Puch Zbigniew , Ficek Kornelia , Lisik Teresa , Sygula Dorota , Wygoda Zbigniew , Roskosz Jozef , Wydmanski Jerzy , Jarzab Barbara
Published: January 2020

The value of postoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) has not been unequivocally demonstrated. Therefore our study aimed to answer the question of whether adjuvant radiotherapy showed any impact on the risk of local recurrence and whether there were any differences in response to radiotherapy between hereditary and sporadic MTC.

Methods

A retrospective analysis involved 254 MTC patients, among them 73 patients with a hereditary disease. Two hundred and twenty-four patients, including 43 persons at a high risk of local relapse, underwent only initial surgery; 18 other patients were operated due to MTC recurrences, whereas the remaining 12 patients had cytoreductive procedure or were not amenable for surgery. Radiotherapy was carried out in 132 patients. One hundred and twenty patients underwent adjuvant radiotherapy, among them 102 patients after initial surgery. The median follow-up was 10 years (range 0.5–29 years).

Results

Local recurrence occurred in 107/254 patients, among them in 63 subjects after prior radiotherapy. The frequency of relapse showed significantly increasing trend toward higher MTC stages (P <0.001). More relapses occurred in patients with lymph node metastases present at MTC onset. Adjuvant radiotherapy was associated with a lower risk of nodal recurrence only in high-risk patients, particularly if lymph node metastases were present at MTC diagnosis. The differences between hereditary and sporadic subgroups were not significant.

Conclusions

Adjuvant radiotherapy has a limited importance in MTC treatment. It should be considered in high-risk MTC patients. The presence of RET mutation does not influence the response to radiation.
Categorization of β-cell capacity in patients with obesity via OGTT using K-means clustering
Authors: Li Li , Song Qifa , Yang Xi
Published: January 2020

Insufficient insulin release plays a crucial role in the development of unhealthy status in patients with obesity; the present study aimed to classify these patients by the indices for insulin resistance and insulin release. After the indices from OGTT were assessed to achieve high differentiability and low redundancy in classifying patients, HOMA-IR and IGI30min were chosen to classify the patients using K-means clustering method. A total of 249 non-diabetic patients with obesity were classified into four groups. In Group 1, 19 patients were characteristic of high insulin resistance and high insulin release, as well as well-controlled glucose levels, the highest BMI, the youngest age, and the highest early phase release of insulin. In Group 2, 38 patients were unhealthiest in terms of high insulin resistance, reduced insulin release and IGT status. Group 3 consisted of 63 patients that were healthiest with low insulin resistance and high insulin release. In Group 4, 46 IGT patients and 14 IFG patients were identified among 129 patients that showed low insulin resistance, low insulin release, moderate obesity and older age. These concurrent impotent insulin release, older age, and moderate obesity indicated decreasing obesity with increasing age and reduced insulin release. The classification of patients with obesity using K-means clustering method by HOMA-IR and IGI30min provides more information about the development of obesity and unhealthy status. The patients with distinct insulin resistance and insulin release should be followed up, especially for those with reduced or even absent insulin response to glucose stimulation.
Increased prevalence of overweight and obesity in children with X-linked hypophosphatemia
Authors: Zhukouskaya Volha V , Rothenbuhler Anya , Colao Annamaria , Di Somma Carolina , Kamenický Peter , Trabado Séverine , Prié Dominique , Audrain Christelle , Barosi Anna , Kyheng Christèle , Lambert Anne-Sophie , Linglart Agnès
Published: January 2020

Background/aim

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare disease characterized by low phosphate levels. Scientific evidence points to a link between hypophosphatemia and obesity in general population. The aim of our longitudinal observational study was to investigate the prevalence of obesity and associated factors in a large cohort of children with XLH.

Patients/methods

We studied 172 XLH-children 5–20 years of age (113 girls/59 boys). Anthropometric parameters (weight, height, and BMI) were collected at birth and during follow-up at mean ages of 5.3, 8.2, 11.3, and 15.9 years (groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively). In each group, subjects were classified based on International Obesity Taskforce (IOTF) cut off values of BMI for age and sex as overweight or obese (IOTF 25–30 or ≥30 kg/m2, respectively).

Results

In each age-group, almost 1/3 of XLH-patients were classified as overweight or obese (29.4, 28.7, 27.5, and 36.7% in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively). Children without a XLH-family history had higher BMI-IOTF at every point of follow-up, compared to those with positive XLH-family history. Similarly, higher BMI-IOTF was significantly associated with treatment duration (23.3 ± 4.4 vs 23.8 ± 3.8 vs 25.2 ± 4.5 kg/m2, for subjects with treatment duration of <5, 5–10 and >10 years, respectively, P for trend = 0.025). Multiple regression analysis confirmed an association of treatment duration and lack of XLH-family history with higher BMI-IOTF.

Conclusion

One out of three of XLH-children have phenotypically unfavourable metabolic profile expressed as increased prevalence of overweight or obesity in comparison to general population. Both the lack of XLH family history and the duration of treatment increase the risk of higher BMI-IOTF. BMI should be carefully monitored in children, and later in adults, with XLH.
Changes in adipose tissue lipolysis gene expression and insulin sensitivity after weight loss
Authors: Karczewska-Kupczewska Monika , Nikołajuk Agnieszka , Majewski Radosław , Filarski Remigiusz , Stefanowicz Magdalena , Matulewicz Natalia , Strączkowski Marek
Published: January 2020

Objective

Insulin resistance is a major pathophysiological link between obesity and its metabolic complications. Weight loss (WL) is an effective tool to prevent obesity-related diseases; however, the mechanisms of an improvement in insulin sensitivity (IS) after weight-reducing interventions are not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationships between IS and adipose tissue (AT) expression of the genes involved in the regulation of lipolysis in obese subjects after WL.

Methods

Fifty-two obese subjects underwent weight-reducing dietary intervention program. The control group comprised 20 normal-weight subjects, examined at baseline only. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and s.c. AT biopsy with subsequent gene expression analysis were performed before and after the program.

Results

AT expression of genes encoding lipases (PNPLA2, LIPE and MGLL) and lipid-droplet proteins enhancing (ABHD5) and inhibiting lipolysis (PLIN1 and CIDEA) were decreased in obese individuals in comparison with normal-weight individuals. The group of 38 obese participants completed dietary intervention program and clamp studies, which resulted in a significant WL and an improvement in mean IS. However, in nine subjects from this group IS did not improve in response to WL. AT expression of PNPLA2, LIPE and PLIN1 increased only in the group without IS improvement.

Conclusions

Excessive lipolysis may prevent an improvement in IS during WL. The change in AT PNPLA2 and LIPE expression was a negative predictor of the change in IS after WL.
Association between dietary calcium intake and BMD in children and adolescents
Authors: Pan Kaiyu , Zhang Chengyue , Yao Xiaocong , Zhu Zhongxin
Published: January 2020

Aim

Ensuring adequate calcium (Ca) intake during childhood and adolescence is critical to acquire good peak bone mass to prevent osteoporosis during older age. As one of the primary strategies to build and maintain healthy bones, we aimed to determine whether dietary Ca intake has an influence on bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study composed of 10,092 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Dietary Ca intake and total BMD were taken as independent and dependent variables, respectively. To evaluate the association between them, we conducted weighted multivariate linear regression models and smooth curve fittings.

Results

There was a significantly positive association between dietary Ca intake and total BMD. The strongest association was observed in 12–15 year old whites, 8–11 year old and 16–19 year old Mexican Americans, and 16–19 year old individuals from other race/ethnicity, in whom each quintile of Ca intake was increased. We also found that there were significant inflection points in females, blacks, and 12–15 year old adolescents group, which means that their total BMD would decrease when the dietary Ca intake was more than 2.6–2.8 g/d.

Conclusions

This cross-sectional study indicated that a considerable proportion of children and adolescents aged 8–19 years would attain greater total BMD if they increased their dietary Ca intake. However, higher dietary Ca intake (more than 2.6–2.8 g/d) is associated with lower total BMD in females, blacks, and 12–15 year old adolescents group.
A lex naturalis delineates components of a human-specific, adrenal androgen-dependent, p53-mediated ‘kill switch’ tumor suppression mechanism
Authors: Nyce Jonathan Wesley
Published: January 2020

We have recently described in this journal our detection of an anthropoid primate-specific, adrenal androgen-dependent, p53-mediated, ‘kill switch’ tumor suppression mechanism that reached its fullest expression only in humans, as a result of human-specific exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons caused by the harnessing of fire – but which has components reaching all the way back to the origin of the primate lineage. We proposed that species-specific mechanisms of tumor suppression are a generalized requirement for vertebrate species to increase in body size or lifespan beyond those of species basal to their lineage or to exploit environmental niches which increase exposure to carcinogenic substances. Using empirical dynamic modeling, we have also reported our detection of a relationship between body size, lifespan, and species-specific mechanism of tumor suppression (and here add carcinogen exposure), such that a change in any one of these variables requires an equilibrating change in one or more of the others in order to maintain lifetime cancer risk at a value of about 4%, as observed in virtually all larger, longer-lived species under natural conditions. Here we show how this relationship, which we refer to as the lex naturalis of vertebrate speciation, elucidates the evolutionary steps underlying an adrenal androgen-dependent, human-specific ‘kill switch’ tumor suppression mechanism; and further, how it prescribes a solution to ‘normalize’ lifetime cancer risk in our species from its current aberrant 40% to the 4% that characterized primitive humans. We further argue that this prescription writ by the lex naturalis represents the only tenable strategy for meaningful suppression of the accelerating impact of cancer upon our species.
Effects of epigenetic pathway inhibitors on corticotroph tumour AtT20 cells
Authors: Lines K E , Filippakopoulos P , Stevenson M , Müller S , Lockstone H E , Wright B , Knapp S , Buck D , Bountra C , Thakker R V
Published: January 2020

Medical treatments for corticotrophinomas are limited, and we therefore investigated the effects of epigenetic modulators, a new class of anti-tumour drugs, on the murine adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting corticotrophinoma cell line AtT20. We found that AtT20 cells express members of the bromo and extra-terminal (BET) protein family, which bind acetylated histones, and therefore, studied the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of two BET inhibitors, referred to as (+)-JQ1 (JQ1) and PFI-1, using CellTiter Blue and Caspase Glo assays, respectively. JQ1 and PFI-1 significantly decreased proliferation by 95% (P < 0.0005) and 43% (P < 0.0005), respectively, but only JQ1 significantly increased apoptosis by >50-fold (P < 0.0005), when compared to untreated control cells. The anti-proliferative effects of JQ1 and PFI-1 remained for 96 h after removal of the respective compound. JQ1, but not PFI-1, affected the cell cycle, as assessed by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry, and resulted in a higher number of AtT20 cells in the sub G1 phase. RNA-sequence analysis, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses, revealed that JQ1 treatment significantly altered expression of genes involved in apoptosis, such as NFκB, and the somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) anti-proliferative signalling pathway, including SSTR2. JQ1 treatment also significantly reduced transcription and protein expression of the ACTH precursor pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and ACTH secretion by AtT20 cells. Thus, JQ1 treatment has anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on AtT20 cells and reduces ACTH secretion, thereby indicating that BET inhibition may provide a novel approach for treatment of corticotrophinomas.