bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronic immunosuppressant use in colorectal cancer patients worsens postoperative morbidity and mortality through septic complications in a propensity‐matched analysis
Authors: Sims S. M. , Kao A. M. , Spaniolas K. , Celio A. C. , Sippey M. , Heniford B. T. , Kasten K. R.
Published: September 2018

Aim

Chronic immunosuppressant use increases the risk of septic complications after colectomy; however, adverse effects on other organ systems remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the multisystem organ effect(s) of chronic immunosuppressant(s) in colorectal cancer patients.

Methods

This was a retrospective study. The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement database (2005–2012) was queried. The primary end‐points were 30‐day mortality and 30‐day morbidity after colectomy in patients on chronic immunosuppressant(s) compared to a non‐immunosuppressant cohort.

Results

In total, 50 766 patients were identified, with 1203 (2.4%) taking chronic immunosuppressant(s). After propensity matching, 1197 patients in each cohort were evaluated with no differences seen in age, body mass index, male sex, wound classification, emergency case status, the presence of preoperative sepsis or operative time. On outcome analysis, 30‐day mortality (5.7% vs 3.4%, P < 0.001) and 30‐day overall morbidity (35.4% vs 29.0%, P = 0.001) were higher in patients on chronic immunosuppressant(s). Septic complications (10.6% vs 7.9%, P = 0.02) and surgical site infections (15.3% vs 12.3%, P = 0.03) were elevated with chronic immunosuppressant(s). There were no differences in cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal or neurological complications. Chronic immunosuppressant patients demonstrated longer total hospital stay (11.4 ± 11.7 vs 9.5 ± 9.4 days, P < 0.001) and postoperative length of stay (9.4 ± 9.2 vs 8.1 ± 7.6 days, P < 0.001). The limitation was that this was a retrospective study using a clinical dataset.

Conclusion

In this study, immunosuppressant use is associated with worsened infective complications, without contributing to organ‐specific complications following colectomy. Significant thought should be given to anastomosis vs stoma creation to possibly prevent worsened morbidity and mortality. Future study is required to determine specific pathways for risk reduction.
The association between Cytomegalovirus co‐infection with Pneumocystis pneumonia and mortality in immunocompromised non‐HIV patients
Authors: Korkmaz Ekren Pervin , Töreyin Zehra Nur , Nahid Payam , Doskaya Mert , Caner Ayse , Turgay Nevin , Zeytinoglu Aysin , Toz Seray , Bacakoglu Feza , Guruz Yuksel , Erensoy Selda
Published: September 2018

Introduction

Impact of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) co‐infection pneumonia in non‐HIV patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is unclear.

Objectives

The aim of our study was to determine whether CMV co‐infection is associated with an increased risk of mortality.

Methods

Our study was conducted at Ege University Hospital, Turkey. We used molecular assays to diagnose Pneumocystis jirovecii in respiratory samples, and CMV in both respiratory and blood samples. We compared morbidity and mortality stratified by CMV co‐infection status.

Results

Between 2009 and 2015, 43 patients (mean age: 56.7 ± 15.3 years) were diagnosed with PCP. Only 3 of 43 patients had received PCP prophylaxis. We microbiologically confirmed CMV co‐infection in 28 of 43 (65.1%) patients. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and requirement of mechanical ventilation were more common in the CMV co‐infection group (P = .019 and P = .031 respectively), and duration of intensive care unit was also longer (P = .006). In univariate analyses, mortality at 30 days was higher in the CMV co‐infection group as compared to the group with PCP alone (78.6% and 46.7% respectively; P = .046). In multivariate analyses, mortality was independently associated only with the presence of ARDS [OR: 6.22 95% CI 1.3‐29.32] and the association with CMV co‐infection was no longer significant [OR: 2.6 95% CI 0.49‐13.72, P = .257].

Conclusion

The risk of mortality appears to be increased in the setting of CMV and PCP co‐infection in HIV‐uninfected immunocompromised patients. PCP prophylaxis use was lower than expected, suggesting low physician awareness of the risks of PCP in this population.
Co‐existence of Langerhans cell histiocytosis and reticulohistiocytosis with initial presentation of skull lesions: A case report
Authors: Shen Wan‐Chieh , Chang Liao Nien‐Feng , Lin Tze‐Yi , Wu Po‐Yuan
Published: September 2018

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare histiocytic disorder resulting from dysregulated clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells. Reticulohistiocytosis (RH) is another rare histiocytosis caused by the proliferation of histiocytes other than Langerhans cells. Co‐existence of LCH and RH in different organs and in the same skin area has not been reported. We present the case of a 20‐year‐old woman who initially had co‐existing bone LCH and cutaneous RH. After 1 year of chemotherapy with cytarabine, bone LCH significantly improved but cutaneous LCH developed in the same area where cutaneous RH was, resulting in hybrid LCH and RH of the skin. This unique history provides some evidence to support the theory that LCH and RH originate from the same stem cells and subsequently develop into hybrid LCH and RH of the skin in a cytokine environment influenced by chemotherapy. Repeat skin biopsies may be considered for adjusting treatment regimens in LCH patients whenever pre‐existing skin lesions progress.
The use of cytological material in melanoma for programmed death ligand 1 immunostaining
Authors: Bashover Eva , Arriola Aileen Grace , Joseph Cicily T. , Staerkel Gregg , Wang Wei‐Lien Billy , Roy‐Chowdhuri Sinchita
Published: September 2018

Objective

Interest in immune therapies has exploded since the 2014 approval of first‐generation programmed cell death 1 blocking antibodies for use in advanced melanoma. Clinical trials have focused primarily on histological material as the gold standard for evaluating programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) by immunoperoxidase (IPOX) studies. Studies validating the use of cytological specimens in the assessment of PD‐L1 by IPOX staining are needed to optimise tissue utilisation in complementary diagnostic testing.

Methods

Twenty‐three melanoma surgical biopsies (SBx) with an IPOX stain for PD‐L1 clone 28‐8, and a corresponding cytological specimen from the same patient, adequate for PD‐L1 evaluation, were selected. Cell‐transfer cell blocks (CBs) and conventional CBs were used to perform PD‐L1 testing. Tumour proportion scores (TPS) were generated and the results were correlated with the corresponding SBx.

Results

Overall agreement (OA) using a ≥1% TPS cut‐off for SBx compared to CB was 88.9%, positive percent agreement (PPA) was 87.5%, and negative percent agreement (NPA) was 100%, OA using a ≥5% TPS cut‐off was 55.6%, PPA was 42.9%, and NPA was 100%. SBx compared to cell‐transfer CB using a ≥1% TPS cut‐off had an OA of 65.2%, a PPA of 55.6%, and a NPA of 100%, while a ≥5% TPS cut‐off generated an OA of 52.2%, a PPA of 35.7%, and a NPA of 77.8%.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that cytological material, particularly conventional CB, is a viable alternative for evaluating PD‐L1 in melanoma cases and suggest that a lower threshold (≥1%) may be beneficial when evaluating cytological material.
Are thyroid nodules with spongiform morphology always benign?
Authors: Aydoğan Berna İmge , Ceyhan Koray , Şahin Mustafa , Çorapçıoğlu Demet
Published: September 2018

Objective

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy for evaluation of spongiform nodules ≥20 mm or observation without FNA was recommended by American Thyroid Association. However, this was a weak recommendation supported by moderate quality evidence. We aimed to assess malignancy risk in spongiform nodules.

Methods

From January 2015 to June 2016, an experienced endocrinologist performed B‐mode greyscale ultrasonography and observed 96 spongiform nodules among 3748 ultrasound procedures. Power Doppler ultrasonography and ultrasound‐guided FNA were performed to 96 spongiform nodules. Both colour elastography and strain ratio measurements of dominantly solid areas were performed.

Results

All spongiform nodules had benign cytology. Fifty‐two (54.2%) nodules were ≥20 mm and 44 (45.8%) were smaller than 20 mm in maximum diameter. Presence of ultrasonography features related to malignancy was rare; 2% (n = 2) microcalcification, 9.4% (n = 9) taller than wide shape and 2% (n = 2) marked central blood flow were noted. None of the nodules had two or more suspicious features. Ultrasound elastography findings revealed that dominantly solid components of nodules were usually soft as 66.7% had an elasticity score 1 according to colour scale and mean strain ratio was 1.39 ± 0.99.

Conclusions

Follow‐up with ultrasonography seems to be an efficacious method even for spongiform nodules larger than 2 cm. Determination of soft appearance according to colour map on ultrasound elastography and low strain ratio values of dominantly solid areas may be useful to avoid unnecessary biopsies.
Physical symptom complaints, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, self‐compassion and diabetes distress among adults with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kane N. S. , Hoogendoorn C. J. , Tanenbaum M. L. , Gonzalez J. S.
Published: September 2018

Aims

Diabetes‐related distress is common among adults with Type 2 diabetes and is consistently associated with poorer self‐management and treatment outcomes. However, little is known about the psychological factors that may contribute to or protect against diabetes distress. This study examined illness burden, and positive and negative ways of thinking and relating to oneself in times of stress, as independent correlates of diabetes distress, cross sectionally and longitudinally.

Method

A total of 120 adults treated for Type 2 diabetes reported their physical symptom complaints, cognitive emotion regulation, self‐compassion and diabetes distress at baseline; 110 completed a 3‐month follow‐up assessment of diabetes distress. Pearson correlations and multivariable linear regression tested baseline and longitudinal relationships.

Results

Baseline diabetes distress was associated with greater use of negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies (r = 0.43, P < 0.01), greater tendency towards self‐criticism, self‐judgement and over‐identification (r = 0.37, P < 0.01), and greater physical symptom burden (r = 0.50, P < 0.01). Baseline physical symptoms and negative cognitive emotion regulation were independently associated with baseline diabetes distress. Baseline physical symptoms and negative aspects of self‐compassion significantly predicted diabetes distress over 3 months. Positive aspects of cognitive emotion regulation and self‐compassion were not independently associated with diabetes distress cross sectionally or longitudinally.

Conclusion

Greater symptom burden along with the use of negative cognitive emotion regulation and negative aspects of self‐compassion were independently associated with diabetes distress. If these relations are explained by causal influence, these modifiable factors could be fruitful targets for intervention research.
Isolation and characterization of α‐(1→3)‐glucan‐degrading bacteria from the gut of Diaperis boleti feeding on Laetiporus sulphureus
Authors: Wiater Adrian , PleszczyŃska Małgorzata , Pietrykowska‐Tudruj Ewa , Janczarek Monika , Staniec Bernard , Szczodrak Janusz
Published: September 2018

Bacteria degrading α‐(1→3)‐glucan were sought in the gut of fungivorous insects feeding on fruiting bodies of a polypore fungus Laetiporus sulphureus, which are rich in this polymer. One isolate, from Diaperis boleti, was selected in an enrichment culture in the glucan‐containing medium. The bacterium was identified as Paenibacillus sp. based on the results of the ribosomal DNA analysis. The Paenibacillus showed enzyme activity of 4.97 mU/cm3 and effectively degraded fungal α‐(1→3)‐glucan, releasing nigerooligosaccharides and a trace amount of glucose. This strain is the first reported α‐(1→3)‐glucan‐degrading microorganism in the gut microbiome of insects inhabiting fruiting bodies of polypore fungi.
Target information asymmetry and takeover strategy: Insights from a new perspective
Authors: Borochin Paul , Ghosh Chinmoy , Huang Di
Published: September 2018

We examine the relation between information asymmetry and firm value around a merger and acquisition (M&A). Owing to the due diligence and intense scrutiny around M&A announcements, acquisitions are significant shocks to a target's information asymmetry. We find that M&A announcement‐period wealth gains are significantly related to a target's information asymmetry and the relationship is concentrated in same‐state or same‐industry mergers. Our difference‐in‐difference analysis shows that the wealth effects become weaker when the overall information environment improves. Furthermore, we document that information asymmetry is an important factor in target selection and the likelihood of diversifying deals, deal size, and deal closure time.
How does it feel to be a problem? Patients’ experiences of self‐management support in New Zealand and Canada
Authors: Sheridan Nicolette F. , Kenealy Timothy W. , Fitzgerald Anita C. , Kuluski Kerry , Dunham Annette , McKillop Ann M. , Peckham Allie , Gill Ashlinder
Published: September 2018

Background

The impact of long‐term conditions is the “healthcare equivalent to climate change.” People with long‐term conditions often feel they are a problem, a burden to themselves, their family and friends. Providers struggle to support patients to self‐manage. The Practical Reviews in Self‐Management Support (PRISMS) taxonomy lists what provider actions might support patient self‐management.

Objective

To offer providers advice on how to support patient self‐management.

Design

Semi‐structured interviews with 40 patient‐participants.

Setting and participants

Three case studies of primary health‐care organizations in New Zealand and Canada serving diverse populations. Participants were older adults with long‐term conditions who needed support to live in the community.

Main outcome measures

Qualitative description to classify patient narratives of self‐management support according to the PRISMS taxonomy with thematic analysis to explore how support was acceptable and effective.

Results

Patients identified a relationship‐in‐action as the mechanism, the how by which providers supported them to self‐manage. When providers acted upon knowledge of patient lives and priorities, these patients were often willing to try activities or medications they had resisted in the past. Effective self‐management support saw PRISMS components delivered in patient‐specific combinations by individual providers or teams.

Discussion and conclusions

Providers who establish relationships with patients can support them to self‐manage and improve health outcomes. Delivery of taxonomy components, in the absence of a relationship, is unlikely to be either acceptable or effective. Providers need to be aware that social determinants of health can constrain patients’ options to self‐manage.
What's the problem with patient experience feedback? A macro and micro understanding, based on findings from a three‐site UK qualitative study
Authors: Sheard Laura , Peacock Rosemary , Marsh Claire , Lawton Rebecca
Published: September 2018

Context

Collecting feedback from patients about their experiences of health care is an important activity. However, improvement based on this feedback rarely materializes. In this study, we focus on answering the question—“what is impeding the use of patient experience feedback?”

Methods

We conducted a qualitative study in 2016 across three NHS hospital Trusts in the North of England. Focus groups were undertaken with ward‐based staff, and hospital managers were interviewed in‐depth (50 participants). We conducted a conceptual‐level analysis.

Findings

On a macro level, we found that the intense focus on the collection of patient experience feedback has developed into its own self‐perpetuating industry with a significant allocation of resource, effort and time being expended on this task. This is often at the expense of pan‐organizational learning or improvements being made. On a micro level, ward staff struggled to interact with feedback due to its complexity with questions raised about the value, validity and timeliness of data sources.

Conclusions

Macro and micro prohibiting factors come together in a perfect storm which provides a substantial impediment to improvements being made. Recommendations for policy change are put forward alongside recognition that high‐level organizational culture/systems are currently too sluggish to allow fruitful learning and action to occur from the feedback that patients give.
Direct and transdentinal biostimulatory effects of grape seed extract rich in proanthocyanidin on pulp cells
Authors: dos Santos A. F. , Pacheco J. M. , Silva P. A. O. , Bedran‐Russo A. K. , Rezende T. M. B. , Pereira P. N. R. , Ribeiro A. P. D.
Published: September 2018

Aim

To evaluate the potential biostimulatory effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on a primary culture of human pulp cells.

Methodology

Human molars were used to obtain the primary pulp cell culture and 0.5‐mm dentine discs. For GSE direct exposure, dose–response (0.0065–6.5%) and time response (1–60 min of contact) were examined. For transdentinal exposure, 0.65% of GSE was tested for 24 h. Cellular metabolism, nitric oxide and collagen production, and cell morphology alterations were assessed at periods of 24 and 72 h. After cell differentiation and direct exposure to GSE, the total protein production (TP), alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and formation of mineralization nodules (MN) were assessed. The results were analysed by parametric tests or non‐parametric tests (α = 0.05).

Results

The lower concentration of GSE tested (0.0065%) was associated with an increase in cellular metabolism, a reduction in the production of nitric oxide and an increase in extracellular matrix synthesis (collagen). Distinct behaviours were observed for the different concentrations, without a reduction of cellular metabolism >10% compared with the control, either when applied directly or transdentinally. SEM revealed no significant change in cell morphology, except for the positive control (H2O2). There was no difference in TP, ALP or MN between the control group and the group exposed to GSE.

Conclusions

Treatment with grape seed extract, even at the highest concentration and longest period, caused neither direct nor transdentinal cytotoxic effects on human pulp cells. Grape seed extract components may play a biostimulatory role and protect dental pulp cells when in direct contact.
Shifting styles: Do auditor performance levels influence the review process?
Authors: Gimbar Christine , Jenkins J. Gregory , Saucedo Gabriel , Wright Nicole S.
Published: September 2018

We examine communication behaviors during the audit review process using a survey of audit partners, managers, and in‐charge/senior associates from each Big 4 accounting firm and one international accounting firm. We inquire about reviewers' preferred communication style when discussing review notes with preparers of varying performance levels, their likelihood of taking over the audit work of preparers due to either a lack of a response or an inappropriate response to a review note, and their propensity to self‐correct preparers' documentation along with the reasons for doing so instead of leaving a review note. Consistent with expectations, results indicate that reviewers are more likely to discuss review notes face to face with below‐average‐performing subordinates than with above‐average‐performing subordinates, and instead use alternative forms of communication with above‐average performers. Further, we find that reviewers self‐correct and/or update documentation themselves more frequently for below‐average subordinates than for above‐average subordinates. Supplemental analysis reveals that reviewers are likely to revise the work of subordinates, whether below average or above average, for a variety of reasons, including ease of doing so, efficiency, and pending deadlines.
Measuring responsible financial consumption behaviour
Authors: Barbić Dajana , Lučić Andrea , Chen James Ming
Published: September 2018

Sound consumption decisions determine individuals’ well‐being; responsible financial consumption behaviour (RFCB) affects not only their finances but also their societal status and emotional state. The failure to manage personal finances responsibly may result in serious long‐term consequences for individuals and society overall. In order to evaluate the concept of RFCB, this study combines two established theoretical frameworks—the family management system and the theory of planned behaviour. The paper investigates the relationships among RFCB, responsible financial attitudes, financial literacy and behavioural control. Its theoretical model is tested on a random sample of 494 respondents and analysed using PLS‐SEM. The results confirm the formation of responsible consumption behaviour by six formative elements: self‐control in spending, planning for the future, seeking information, education, rational decision‐making and solvency. The findings also indicate that all three focal variables have a direct effect on RFCB.
Influence of atmospheric pressure plasma jet on the structure of microcrystalline starch with different relative crystallinity
Authors: Yan Yizhe , Zhou Yaping , Shi Miaomiao , Liu Hualing , Liu Yanqi
Published: September 2018

This study demonstrated the effect on microcrystalline starch (MS) with different relative crystallinity (RC) by atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) treatment for 1, 3, 5 or 7 min. The morphology of MS granules was destroyed according to Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. APPJ treatment did not change the crystalline type of MS, but obviously decreased the RC of MS. Short‐range molecular order of MS was clearly decreased after APPJ treatment though the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Notably, the effect of APPJ on crystalline and short‐range order structure of MS was gradually increased with the increase of RC, which revealed that the crystalline region of MS might be destroyed by APPJ. Furthermore, the pH of MS was decreased while water binding capacity (WBC) and swelling volume (SV) of MS were increased. Therefore, the APPJ treatment could be used as an alternative physical technology for starch modification.
Association of nod‐like receptor protein‐3 single nucleotide gene polymorphisms and expression with the susceptibility to relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Imani Danyal , Azimi Amirreza , Salehi Zahra , Rezaei Nima , Emamnejad Rahimeh , Sadr Maryam , Izad Maryam
Published: September 2018

Nod‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a multi‐protein complex that controls the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, IL‐18 and IL‐1β, through caspase‐1 activation. These inflammatory cytokines play an important role in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). The inflammasome NLRP3 gene variations and expression level have been suggested to affect the immune system activity. This case–control study was performed to determine the association of NLRP3 genetic variants and differential expression with MS. We analysed four common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NLRP3 (rs‐10754558, rs‐35829419, rs‐3806265, rs‐4612666) in a group of 150 Iranian patients with relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) in comparison with 100 healthy controls. The genotyping was performed using the TaqMan method. For the analysis of NLRP3 gene expression level, we studied a group of 37 RRMS patients (18 patients at relapse phase and 19 at remission phase, treated with IFN‐β) in comparison with 22 healthy controls using real‐time PCR. In this study, we found that NLRP3 rs3806265 C allele and CC genotype were significantly more frequent in the RRMS patients (p value = 0.03 OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.14–2.43) and p value = 0.04, OR = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.19–8.93, respectively), while the frequency of T allele significantly decreased in controls (p value = 0.03, OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.41–0.87). The frequency of CG genotype at position rs10754558 was also significantly higher in the controls compared with patients (p value = 0.03, OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.30–0.80). Moreover, expression level of the NLRP3 in patients at remission phase was significantly reduced in comparison with patients at relapse phase and also healthy controls (p = 0.01 and p = 0.04, respectively). The association of NLRP3 polymorphisms with the susceptibility of MS and its reduced expression after IFN‐β therapy, support the idea that NLRP3 inflammasome could have a critical role in inflammatory responses in MS.
The immunophenotypic characteristics and flow cytometric scoring system of acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21) (q22;q22); RUNX1‐RUNX1T1
Authors: Shang Lei , Chen Xuejing , liu Yan , Cai Xiaojin , Shi Yin , Shi Lihui , Li Yuanyuan , Song Zhen , Zheng Bin , Sun Wanchen , Ru Kun , Mi Yingchang , Wang Jianxiang , Wang Huijun
Published: September 2018

Introduction

The translocation t(8;21) is one of the most frequent chromosome translocations in AML. Molecular (cyto)genetics is regarded as the gold standard for diagnosis. However, due to the complicated variety of AML‐related genetic abnormalities, comprehensive screening for all of these abnormalities may not be cost‐effective. Therefore, a flow cytometric (FC) scoring system was generated in this study for rapid screening and diagnosis of t(8;21)AML.

Methods

The immunophenotypic characteristics of leukemic cells and neutrophils in cases with t(8;21) AML or other subtypes of AML were analyzed to find a method for the flow diagnosis of t(8;21) AML.

Results

In this study, we picked six FC features pointing to the diagnosis of t(8;21) AML: The blasts show high‐intensity expression of CD34; aberrant expression of CD19, cCD79a, and CD56 in myeloblasts; co‐expression of CD56 in neutrophils, especially in immature neutrophils; and a maturity disturbance in granulocytes. A six‐point score was devised using these features. By ROC analysis, the AUC was 0.952, and the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 0.86, 0.90. 0.91, and 0.84 when the score was ≥3 points. The score was then prospectively validated on an independent cohort, and the AUC of the ROC curve for the validation cohort was 0.975. When the cutoff value was set at 3, the obtained sensitivity and specificity values were 0.91 and 0.94, respectively.

Conclusions

The FC score described can be used for the identification and rapid screening of t(8;21) AML.
Pharmacy-based management of influenza: lessons learned from research
Authors: Klepser Michael E , Adams Alex J
Published: September 2018

Recently, several jurisdictions have pursued legislative and regulatory changes to allow pharmacy-based influenza management models in which pharmacists can initiate appropriate antiviral therapy in community pharmacy settings. While studies have been published in Canada, Japan, New Zealand, Norway and the United States, concerns have been expressed over pharmacist training, the accuracy of rapid influenza diagnostic tests, and the potential impact on antimicrobial resistance, among others. Studies have demonstrated that pharmacists provide safe and effective influenza management, with high rates of patient satisfaction, while maintaining or improving antimicrobial stewardship.
Predisposing Factors for Elevated Restricted and Repetitive Behavior in Typically Developing Toddlers
Authors: Larkin Fionnuala , Meins Elizabeth , Leekam Susan R.
Published: September 2018

Little is known about the relation between levels of restricted and repetitive behavior (RRB) in infants and parent factors. The present study investigated maternal and psychosocial factors (depressive symptoms, socio‐economic status, social support) and mother–infant engagement factors (mind‐mindedness, sensitivity, and infant–mother attachment security) as predictors of children's RRB at age 26 months in a sample of 206 mothers and children. Maternal depressive symptoms predicted levels of sensory and motor repetitive behavior and rigid, routinized, and ritualistic repetitive behavior. Lower socioeconomic status also predicted independent variance in children's sensory and motor repetitive behavior. The relations between maternal depressive symptoms and both types of RRB were not mediated through observational measures of maternal sensitivity or mind‐mindedness at 8 months, or attachment security at 15 months. The results are discussed in terms of whether stress regulation, self‐stimulation, and genetic susceptibility can help explain the observed link between maternal depressive symptoms and RRB in the child.
Improving essay peer grading accuracy in massive open online courses using personalized weights from student's engagement and performance
Authors: García‐Martínez Carlos , Cerezo Rebeca , Bermúdez Manuel , Romero Cristóbal
Published: September 2018

Most massive open online courses (MOOC) use simple schemes for aggregating peer grades, taking the mean or the median, or compute weights from information other than the instructor's opinion about the students' knowledge. To reduce the difference between the instructor and students' aggregated scores, some proposals compute specific weights to aggregate the peer grades. In this work, we analyse the use of students' engagement and performance measures to compute personalized weights and study the validity of the aggregated scores produced by these common functions, mean, and median, together with two others from the information retrieval field, the geometric and harmonic means. To test this procedure, we have analysed data from a MOOC about Philosophy. The course had 1,059 students registered, and 91 participated in a peer review process that consisted in writing an essay and rating three of their peers using a rubric. We compared the aggregation scores obtained using weighted and nonweighted versions of the functions. Our results show that the correlation between the aggregated scores and the instructor's grades can be improved in relation to peer grading, when using the median and weights are computed according to students' performance in chapter tests.
Changes in cell differentiation and proliferation lead to production of abzymes in EAE mice treated with DNA–Histone complexes
Authors: Aulova Kseniya S. , Toporkova Ludmila B. , Lopatnikova Julia A. , Alshevskaya Alina A. , Sedykh Sergey E. , Buneva Valentina N. , Budde Thomas , Meuth Sven G. , Popova Nelly A. , Orlovskaya Irina A. , Nevinsky Georgy A.
Published: September 2018

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)‐prone C57BL/6 mice are used as a model of human multiple sclerosis. We immunize mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), DNA–histone and DNA‐methylated bovine serum albumin (met‐BSA) complexes to reveal different characteristics of EAE development including bone marrow lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation profiles of hematopoietic stem cells. Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with MOG35‐55 results in the acceleration of EAE development. Anti‐DNA antibodies are usually directed against DNA–histone complexes resulting from cell apoptosis. During the acute EAE phase (7‐20 days after immunization), catalytic antibodies efficiently hydrolysing myelin basic protein (MBP), MOG and DNA are produced with parallel suppression of antibodies hydrolysing histones. We could show that in contrast to MOG, immunization with histone‐DNA results in a reduction of proteinuria, a significant increase in anti‐DNA, anti‐MBP and anti‐MOG antibody titres, as well as an increase in their catalytic activities for antigen hydrolysis, but slightly changes the concentration of cytokines. Contrary to MOG, DNA–histone and DNA‐met‐BSA only stimulated the formation of anti‐DNA antibodies hydrolysing DNA with a long delay (15‐20 days after immunization). Our data indicate that for C57BL/6 mice immunization with DNA‐met‐BSA and DNA–histone complexes may have opposing effects compared to MOG. DNA–histone stimulates the appearance of histone‐hydrolysing abzymes in the acute EAE phase, while abzymes with DNase activity appear at significantly later time‐points. We conclude that MOG, DNA–histone and DNA‐met‐BSA have different effects on numerous bone marrow, cellular, immunological and biochemical parameters of immunized mice, but all antigens finally significantly stimulate the development of the EAE.
Significant differences in maternal carotenoid provisioning and effects on offspring fitness in Chinook salmon colour morphs
Authors: Lehnert Sarah J. , Garver Kyle A. , Richard Jon , Devlin Robert H. , Lajoie Celine , Pitcher Trevor E. , Heath Daniel D.
Published: September 2018

In oviparous species, maternal carotenoid provisioning can deliver diverse fitness benefits to offspring via increased survival, growth and immune function. Despite demonstrated advantages of carotenoids, large intra‐ and interspecific variation in carotenoid utilization exists, suggesting trade‐offs associated with carotenoids. In Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), extreme variation in carotenoid utilization delineates two colour morphs (red and white) that differ genetically in their ability to deposit carotenoids into tissues. Here, we take advantage of this natural variation to examine how large differences in maternal carotenoid provisioning influence offspring fitness. Using a full factorial breeding design crossing morphs and common‐garden rearing, we measured differences in a suite of fitness‐related traits, including survival, growth, viral susceptibility and host response, in offspring of red (carotenoid‐rich eggs) and white (carotenoid‐poor eggs) females. Eggs of red females had significantly higher carotenoid content than those of white females (6× more); however, this did not translate into measurable differences in offspring fitness. Given that white Chinook salmon may have evolved to counteract their maternal carotenoid deficiency, we also examined the relationship between egg carotenoid content and offspring fitness within each morph separately. Egg carotenoids only had a positive effect within the red morph on survival to eyed‐egg (earliest measured trait), but not within the white morph. Although previous work shows that white females benefit from reduced egg predation, our study also supports a hypothesis that white Chinook salmon have evolved additional mechanisms to improve egg survival despite low carotenoids, providing novel insight into evolutionary mechanisms that maintain this stable polymorphism.
A commentary on Martin's “What matters in ‘multimorbidity’? Arguably resilience and personal health experience are central to quality of life and optimizing survival.” J. Eval. Clin. Pract. 2016; 1–3
Authors: Walker Christine
Published: September 2018

This is a commentary on Martin's 2016 article on “What matters in ‘multimorbidity’.” The relationship between self‐reported health and resilience is an important recognition of how all health professionals can work productively with their patients within a shared decision framework.
Involvement of SRF coactivator MKL2 in BDNF‐mediated activation of the synaptic activity‐responsive element in the Arc gene
Authors: Kikuchi Keietsu , Ihara Daisuke , Fukuchi Mamoru , Tanabe Hiroki , Ishibashi Yuta , Tsujii Junya , Tsuda Masaaki , Kaneda Marisa , Sakagami Hiroyuki , Okuno Hiroyuki , Bito Haruhiko , Yamazaki Yuya , Ishikawa Mitsuru , Tabuchi Akiko
Published: September 2018

The expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) is thought to be an essential molecular basis of neuronal plasticity for higher brain function. Many IEGs contain serum response element in their transcriptional regulatory regions and their expression is controlled by serum response factor (SRF). SRF is known to play a role in concert with transcriptional cofactors. However, little is known about how SRF cofactors regulate IEG expression during the process of neuronal plasticity. We hypothesized that one of the SRF‐regulated neuronal IEGs, activity‐regulated cytoskeleton‐associated protein (Arc; also termed Arg3.1), is regulated by an SRF coactivator, megakaryoblastic leukemia (MKL). To test this hypothesis, we initially investigated which binding site of the transcription factor or SRF cofactor contributes to brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)‐induced Arc gene transcription in cultured cortical neurons using transfection and reporter assays. We found that BDNF caused robust induction of Arc gene transcription through a cAMP response element, binding site of myocyte enhancer factor 2, and binding site of SRF in an Arc enhancer, the synaptic activity‐responsive element (SARE). Regardless of the requirement for the SRF‐binding site, the binding site of a ternary complex factor, another SRF cofactor, did not affect BDNF‐mediated Arc gene transcription. In contrast, chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed occupation of MKL at the SARE. Furthermore, knockdown of MKL2, but not MKL1, significantly decreased BDNF‐mediated activation of the SARE. Taken together, these findings suggest a novel mechanism by which MKL2 controls the Arc SARE in response to BDNF stimulation.

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Molecular cloning and characterisation of an isotocin paralogue ([V8] isotocin) in catfishes (superorder Ostariophysi): Origin traced likely to the fish‐specific whole genome duplication
Authors: Banerjee Putul , Chaube Radha , Joy Keerikkattil Paily
Published: September 2018

The present study reports the molecular cloning of a previously uncharacterised neurohypophyseal nonapeptide precursor cDNA in two catfish species: Heteropneustes fossilis and Clarias batrachus. The deduced nonapeptide is CYISNCPVG ([V8] isotocin), which has not been reported in any vertebrate till date. Phylogenetic and conserved synteny analyses showed the gene to have originated from the isotocin precursor (pro‐it) gene by fish‐specific whole genome duplication (3R). The two isotocin lineages have been designated as pro‐ita (new gene) and pro‐itb (conventional it gene). All teleost groups may not possess both pro‐ita and pro‐itb and the pattern of losses/retention was found to be lineage‐specific. Quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction studies showed the expression of the pro‐ita gene in the brain and ovary of H. fossilis. In situ hybridisation studies localised the pro‐ita transcripts in the nucleus preopticus of the hypothalamus and the follicular layer (theca‐granulosa) of oocytes, comprising tissues in which pro‐itb and vasotocin precursor (pro‐vt) mRNA expression was previously reported. The transcript levels varied with the reproductive stage and a high abundance was found in both brain and ovary during the breeding phase. The substitution of valine in place of isoleucine at the eighth position in Ita may have modified the ligand‐receptor interaction, leading to sub‐functionalisation and the retention of the gene in catfishes.
One‐year follow‐up results of hair removal using an 810 nm diode laser
Authors: Goldberg David J.
Published: September 2018

Introduction

Laser hair removal is a common light‐based aesthetic procedure. Diode lasers and specifically the long‐pulse diode laser 810 nm are the most popular preference for hair removal due to the deep penetration and targeting of the hair follicle. In a recently published article, we presented our hair removal clinical evaluation results using an 810 nm scanning diode laser. Three‐ and six‐month follow‐up hair counts demonstrated an average hair reduction of about 70%.

Objective

In the current article, we demonstrate long‐term follow‐up hair removal results of 1 year after last treatment.

Methods

Among 11 out of 14 female patients who received three axillary hair removal treatments, 4‐6 weeks apart, returned to the 1‐year follow‐up visit. Treatment area photographs and hair count of 1‐year follow‐up visit were compared to baseline.

Results

The average hair count reduction of about 70% at 1 year after the last treatment was maintained.

Conclusions

The examined 810 nm diode laser has been proven to be a safe and effective for hair removal. Results sustain not only for 3 or 6 months but also for 1 year after last treatment.
Investigation of Using Cork– and MDF–Layered Panel Material in Interior Furnishing
Authors: Adil Kasapseckin Mustafa
Published: September 2018

In the furniture industry, wood–based panel products are widely used for the constitution of any fixed or moveable furniture in interior space. These panel products are commonly described as plywoods, particleboards, and fiberboards. This paper presents a material science study that investigates an alternative to these products in the usage of cork, which is a lightweight, flexible, and renewable material. Cork was combined with medium–density fiberboard (MDF) in the form of a layered panel. Possibilities of the use of this cork–MDF composite were examined through several tests according to European Standards (EN). Determined physical and mechanical properties of the layered panel were comparatively investigated against the data obtained from published literature reviews in parallel with EN standards. Finally, all production and test processes, with findings as well as implementation and usage suggestions, were outlined by images.
Innovation Offshoring, Institutional Context and Innovation Performance: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Rosenbusch Nina , Gusenbauer Michael , Hatak Isabella , Fink Matthias , Meyer Klaus E.
Published: September 2018

Innovation offshoring (IO) has become a widespread management practice. Yet, evidence on the performance implications is inconsistent, and scattered across disciplines and contexts. We argue that the benefits firms can derive from IO depend on the institutional environment at home. Drawing on recent work on institutional theory in international business, we explore institutions that facilitate reverse knowledge transfer and/or institutional arbitrage with respect to innovation‐related activities. The results of our meta‐analysis that synthesizes evidence from 48 samples show that IO is related positively to innovation performance. As predicted, this relationship is moderated by differences in the institutional environments across countries. Specifically, when national innovation systems are weak at home, IO appears to enable institutional arbitrage strategy whereas Confucian cultures enable more effective reverse knowledge transfer. However, contrary to our expectations, the beneficial effects of IO appear to have diminished over time.
Extracellular vesicle microRNA cargo is correlated with HPV status in oropharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Peacock Ben , Rigby Alice , Bradford James , Pink Ryan , Hunter Keith , Lambert Daniel , Hunt Stuart
Published: September 2018

Background

The incidence of human papilloma virus positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has increased rapidly in recent decades. These tumours have a favourable outcome compared to HPV‐negative (HPV−) OPSCC. However, HPV+ tumours are more likely to metastasise to distant sites, suggesting a difference in how these tumour subtypes interact with the metastatic niche. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important players in cell‐to‐cell communication and are a potential source of biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. This study aims to characterise the microRNA cargo of small EVs released by HPV+ and HPV− OPSCC cell lines.

Methods

Extracellular vesicles produced by HPV+ (SCC2 and SCC90) and HPV− (SCC72 an SCC89) OPSCC cells were characterised by tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) and western blotting. RNA was extracted from EVs and analysed by small RNA sequencing. A bioinformatics approach was used to identify EV miRNA signatures associated with HPV status.

Results

HPV− OPSCC cells produced more EVs than HPV+ OPSCC cells. EVs were positive for the common EV markers CD63, CD9 and TSG101. Unbiased hierarchical clustering analysis of EV miRNA cargo revealed that samples clustered based on HPV status. 14 miRNA were enriched in HPV+ cell‐derived EVs, whereas 19 miRNA were enriched in EVs derived from HPV− cell lines.

Conclusions

Here, we identify EV miRNA signatures indicative of the HPV status of the parent cell. This may provide a platform from which to validate salivary or blood‐based biomarkers with utility for early detection and stratifying risk in OPSCC patients.
Source method biases as implicit personality theory at the domain and facet levels
Authors: McCrae Robert R. , Mõttus René , Hřebíčková Martina , Realo Anu , Allik Jüri
Published: September 2018

Objective

We tested predictions about the structure and magnitude of method biases in single‐source personality trait assessments. We expected a large number of distinct biases that would parallel the observed structure of traits, at both facet and item levels.

Method

We analyzed multimethod ratings on the Estonian NEO Personality Inventory‐3 in a sample of 3,214 adults. By subtracting informant ratings from self‐reports, we eliminated true score variance and analyzed the size and structure of the residual method biases. We replicated analyses using data (N = 709) from the Czech Revised NEO Personality Inventory.

Results

The magnitude of method biases was consistent with predictions by McCrae (2018, Psychological Assessment). Factor analyses at the facet level showed a clear replication of the normative Five‐Factor Model structure in both samples. Item factor analyses within domains showed that facet‐level method biases mimicked the facet structure of the instrument.

Conclusions

Method biases apparently reflect implicit personality theory (IPT)—beliefs about how traits and trait indicators covary. We discuss the (collective) accuracy and possible origins of IPT. Because method biases limit the accuracy of single‐source assessments, we recommend assessments that combine information from two or more informants.