bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute to long-term characteristics of impedance recordings during neurostimulation in humans
Authors: Cui Jie , Mivalt Filip , Sladky Vladimir , Kim Jiwon , Richner Thomas J , Lundstrom Brian N , Van Gompel Jamie J , Wang Hai-long , Miller Kai J , Gregg Nicholas , Wu Long Jun , Denison Timothy , Winter Bailey , Brinkmann Benjamin H , Kremen Vaclav , Worrell Gregory A
Published: March 2024

Objective. This study aims to characterize the time course of impedance, a crucial electrophysiological property of brain tissue, in the human thalamus (THL), amygdala-hippocampus, and posterior hippocampus over an extended period. Approach. Impedance was periodically sampled every 5–15 min over several months in five subjects with drug-resistant epilepsy using an investigational neuromodulation device. Initially, we employed descriptive piecewise and continuous mathematical models to characterize the impedance response for approximately three weeks post-electrode implantation. We then explored the temporal dynamics of impedance during periods when electrical stimulation was temporarily halted, observing a monotonic increase (rebound) in impedance before it stabilized at a higher value. Lastly, we assessed the stability of amplitude and phase over the 24 h impedance cycle throughout the multi-month recording. Main results. Immediately post-implantation, the impedance decreased, reaching a minimum value in all brain regions within approximately two days, and then increased monotonically over about 14 d to a stable value. The models accounted for the variance in short-term impedance changes. Notably, the minimum impedance of the THL in the most epileptogenic hemisphere was significantly lower than in other regions. During the gaps in electrical stimulation, the impedance rebound decreased over time and stabilized around 200 days post-implant, likely indicative of the foreign body response and fibrous tissue encapsulation around the electrodes. The amplitude and phase of the 24 h impedance oscillation remained stable throughout the multi-month recording, with circadian variation in impedance dominating the long-term measures. Significance. Our findings illustrate the complex temporal dynamics of impedance in implanted electrodes and the impact of electrical stimulation. We discuss these dynamics in the context of the known biological foreign body response of the brain to implanted electrodes. The data suggest that the temporal dynamics of impedance are dependent on the anatomical location and tissue epileptogenicity. These insights may offer additional guidance for the delivery of therapeutic stimulation at various time points post-implantation for neuromodulation therapy.
Adaptation to heat stress: a qualitative study from Eastern India
Authors: Khetan Aditya K , Yakkali Shreyas , Dholakia Hem H , Hejjaji Vittal
Published: March 2024

Heat stress adversely impacts a growing proportion of individuals in India. The heat-related lived experiences of Indians in smaller towns and villages are largely unknown. We conducted seven structured focus group discussions in the town of Dalkhola, West Bengal, India; with 5–10 participants in each group. All conversations were digitally audio recorded, transcribed into Bengali, and then translated to English. Two researchers separately performed a thematic analysis of the transcripts to identify common themes pertaining to the ‘effects of heat’ and ‘coping strategies’ used by participants. A total of 56 (mean age 48.9 ± 17.6; female 61%; Scheduled Tribe 9%) individuals participated. There was wide variation in individual experiences of heat, with some people preferring to work in the winter while others preferred the summer. Housing characteristics, nature of work, gender and access to water and green spaces heavily influenced an individual’s vulnerability to heat stress. Trees were seen as the primary coping strategy for heat stress (regardless of vulnerability), though many participants noted a loss of tree cover in their vicinity. Cool drinking water from public taps and electric fans (particularly table fans) were other preferred coping mechanisms. Many participants did not have adequate access to cool drinking water or electric fans, leading to increased adverse experiences from heat. Based on participant input, several action items were identified for municipal and state/central governments, schools, and private organizations. Individuals affected by heat have a clear preference for nature-based solutions. This is in contrast with the current design of most heat action plans in India, which put more emphasis on infrastructure, information dissemination and behavioral solutions. Various agencies (governments, schools, private organizations) seeking to adapt to increasing heat stress need to better integrate citizen perspectives into their heat action plans.
Rydberg atoms in D dimensions: entanglement, entropy and complexity
Authors: Dehesa J S
Published: March 2024

Rydberg atoms and excitons are composed so that they have a hydrogenic energy level structure governed by the Rydberg formula. They are relevant per se and for their numerous applications, e.g. facilitating the creation of novel quantum devices in quantum technologies which are inherently robust, miniature, and scalable (basically because they exist in solid-state platforms) and the realization of synthetic dimensions in numerous quantum-mechanical systems, giving rise to quantum matter which can behave as if it were in dimensions other than three. However the quantification of their internal disorder is scarcely known. Here we show and review the knowledge of dispersion, entanglement, physical entropies (Rényi, Shannon) and complexity-like measures of D-dimensional Rydberg systems with

D
⩾
2

in both position and momentum spaces. These uncertainty quantifiers are expressed in terms of D, the potential strength and the hyperquantum numbers of the Rydberg states. This has been possible because of the fine asymptotics of algebraic functionals the Laguerre and Gegenbauer polynomials which, together with the hyperspherical harmonics, control the Rydberg wavefunctions.
Phase space propagation of waves in nonhomogeneous media: corrections beyond the optical geometry limit
Authors: Morandi O
Published: March 2024

We investigate the corrections to the optical geometry approximation for waves traveling in non homogeneous media. We model the wave propagation in dispersive and non dispersive materials in terms of the phase space Wigner–Weyl formalism. The ray tracing optical geometry limit is introduced by numerical tests. We solve the exact Wigner propagation equation for 1D non dispersive materials. We discuss the connection of the Wigner–Weyl description of waves with the particle-wave duality phenomenon in quantum mechanics.
Effect of storage time and soaking of natural growth regulators on true shallot seedling
Authors: Sugiono  , Sudaryono T , Prahardini PER , Antarlina SS , Fidiyawati E , Ashari H. , Kilmanun J C , Latifah E
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to determine the effect of the length of storage and soaking of coconut water growth regulators on TSS shallot seedlings. The research was conducted in Torongrejo Village, Junrejo District, Batu City, from April to May 2023. The experiment used a simple randomised block design (RBD) with the following treatments: The first factor is the freshness of young coconut water consisting of 4 levels, namely S0 = fresh/not stored young coconut water, S2 = young coconut water stored two days at room temperature and S3 = young coconut water stored three days at room temperature. Factor II was the soaking time for TSS consisting of 3 levels, namely P1 = TSS soaked for 1 hour, P2 = TSS soaked for 2 hours, and P3 = TSS soaked for 3 hours. The results showed that coconut water’s natural growth regulators contain many substances that help plant growth, including the hormones auxin, cytokinins, and gibberellins, so their effectiveness depends on the length of time the coconut water has been soaked and the coconut water’s shelf life. If the coconut water is stored longer, the soaking time will be shorter, namely 1 hour, and if the coconut water is stored, the time required is shorter.
Total phenol content of turmeric extract (curcuma longa L.) in vegetable oil using the ultrasonic method
Authors: Mahmudah R , Yuvienda O H , Fasya A G
Published: March 2024

Turmeric extract (Curcuma longa L.) in vegetable oil is an herbal oil rich in antioxidants called phenolics. Vegetable oil has the potential to be utilized as a solvent in herb extraction because it can extract bioactive components in plants because it is stable, safe, and ecologically friendly. The purpose of this study is to determine the secondary metabolites and total phenolic content of turmeric extract in Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) and Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) with the addition of a surfactant (tween 80). The extraction method utilized was ultrasonic, with variations in surfactant dosage (0 - 30 g) and extraction time (10 - 25 minutes). FTIR spectrophotometer used to identify functional groups in herbal oils. The qualitative test showed that phenolic components, flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids were detected in turmeric extracts EVOO and VCO both without and with tween 80. Based on statistical study, the extraction time and the amount of surfactant used significantly affect the overall phenol content of herbal oils. The maximum total phenolic content of turmeric extract EVOO and VCO was achieved after a 25-minute extraction with 30 g surfactant, namely 44.11 0.43 mg GAE/g and 35.22 0.43 mg GAE/g. Identification of the functional groups of herbal oils with the addition of tween 80 obtained absorption patterns namely O-H, C=O, C=C aromatic, C-O-C, and C-H.
The diversity of aerial insect in coffee agroforestry, Dampit and Purwodadi district East Java Indonesia
Authors: Hasyim M A , Qurrotaayunina R P , Nayomi M , Suheriyanto D , Prahardika B A
Published: March 2024

Coffee is one of the export commodities in Indonesia. East Java is one of the largest Coffee supplies with land that is widely spread, such as in Malang and Pasuruan Regencies. The agroforestry system is applied in coffee cultivation, the system has different management from plantations for example the use of shade trees which will affect the structure of aerial insect diversity. Aerial insects play an important role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. The research objective was to determine the diversity and dominance of aerial insects in coffee agroforestry in East Java. The research method is exploratory, taking aerial insects using a yellow pan trap. The abiotic factors observed were light intensity, wind speed, temperature and humidity, and data analysis with past 4.03 program. The results of the study found 407 individuals in Dampit coffee agroforestry and 470 individuals in Purwodadi coffee agroforestry. The diversity and dominance index values were found to be the highest in Dampit coffee agroforestry. From the results of the analysis of abiotic factors, it is found that temperature and humidity in Dampit coffee agroforestry have higher values while wind speed and sunlight intensity of Purwodadi coffee agroforestry have higher values. The differences in the number and types of insects as well as the differences in the diversity and dominance index obtained, explained that the two study sites had differences in abiotic factors and shade trees.
Analytic network process in traditional market solid waste management in Malang Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Hardianto H , Tjahjadi M E , Sunaryo D K , Sudiasa I N , Manaha Y P
Published: March 2024

One type of decision support process that assists in decision-making during Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) is the Analytic Network Process (ANP). ANP can determine the best pattern of sustainable traditional market solid waste management in Malang Regency. The six categories used in ANP analysis consist of environmental impacts (DL), technical operations (TO), regulations (PH), institutions and organizations (KO), financing (P), and community participation (PSM). The weighting results of the criteria that had the largest weight was the sub-criterion of Strengthening the Active Role of the Community (PSM1) with a limiting weight of 0.058271. The largest alternative weighting result was Scenario 3 (Integrated Solid Waste Management). Scenario 3 had a priority with the highest weight of 0.213951. The results of the sensitivity test when all criteria values were changed to 0.999 also changed the value of the alternatives. The changes in alternative weights when the sensitivity test was performed consisted of 3 sub-criteria that were sensitive to the changes, namely the sub-criteria of soil pollution (DL2), direct benefits (P4), and ease of operation (TO2). This research shows that the use of ANP provides a more efficient decision-making process in traditional market solid waste management.
The hydrothermal effect of time and temperature on the synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) from chicken feathers
Authors: Hastuti E , Salsadilla C , Sari AY , Hikmah U
Published: March 2024

Carbon dots (CDs) are carbon-based nanoparticles with a predominantly zero-dimensional structure and a diameter of typically less than 10 nm. CDs are desirable due to their high stability, low toxicity, high solubility in water, and accessible synthesis methods. The hydrothermal method is extensively used in the synthesis of CDs because it is simple and environmentally friendly, and particle size and shape can be controlled by initial materials and various hydrothermal conditions. This research involved the synthesis of CDs from poultry chicken feathers with hydrothermal time and temperature variations of 160 °C, 180 °C, and 200 °C, and treatment durations of 5 and 7 hours. The results indicate that the yield of CDs increased with the higher hydrothermal temperatures. The C-dots emitted a blue light when stimulated by ultraviolet light, and the band gap values of the CDs ranged from 3.45 eV to 3.28 eV.
Performance of complex compound Zn-TPP (5,10,15,20-tetrafenylporphyrin) as a dye sensitizer in increasing the current and voltage of dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Darmokoesoemo H , Murwani I K , Meirmaziza N , Setyawati H
Published: March 2024

Solar cell technology has been widely used, one of them is Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC), which is a semiconductor device that can convert sunlight into electrical energy. The objective of this research is to learn the character of metal complexes from derivatives porphyrin Zn-TPP (5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin) and apply it as a dye sensitizer in DSSC. Zn(II)-TPP complex compound showed a maximum wavelength at 423 nm on the Soret band. Zn-N bond formed between metal and ligand is indicated at 324,04 cm-1. Zn (II)-TPP complex compound is ionic and best used in DSSC applications. The performance (efficiency) of Zn (II)-TPP complex as dye sensitizer in DSSC shows a maximum current of 8 mA/cm2 with a maximum voltage of 0.60 V and an efficiency value of 9.43%.
Using mung bean as a trap crop and biopesticide for control of soybean pest
Authors: Indiati S W , Bayu M S Y I , Yusmani
Published: March 2024

Many pests attack soybean plants and can cause high-yield losses. To reduce crop damage, using chemicals in the field can potentially cause harmful effects on the environment. Using traps-crops, and biopesticides will be tested as an effective and safe control method. The research was done in the dry season of the tidal land of Tumih Village South of Kalimantan. The design used was RCBD which consisted of six treatments and was repeated four times. The treatment tested were 1). Check, 2). Biopesticides 6 times, 3). Biopesticide 4 times, 4). Biopesticides 6 times + mung bean as trap crop 6%, 5). Biopesticides 4 times + mung bean as trap crop 6%, 6. Insecticides 6 times. The results indicated that armyworms Spodoptera litura and Lamprosema indicata were important pests. Armyworm attacks in the vegetative phase reached 82%. However, the yields obtained were around 2,069 to 2,463 t/ha. Soybean yields in treatment plots with 6% trap crop were 1,664 to 1,969 t/ha. Anjasmoro varietal is not recommended In endemic areas of the armyworm.
Optimizing green sustainable mosque criteria : A case study of Trisakti University nagrak campus mosque design
Authors: Perdana A
Published: March 2024

Trisakti University initiated a campus master plan that elevates the criteria of green buildings in its planning. One of the facilities in the master plan is the campus mosque. In the modern era, the roof design of the mosque tries to get out from the paradigm of the Andalusian and Mediterranean domed roofs. This study aims to determine optimal design strategies for implementing the green building concept on campus mosque design. Simulation methods are applied using Autodesk Revit to create the main mosque design of Trisakti University Nagrak Campus. BIM models can be more accurately integrated into simulated, analyzed, and decided schematic designs. Based on the simulation results of the square bowl roof design, it optimized the maximum power obtained from Photovoltaic is 1.369.104 kWh/year and can harvest rainwater 22,507,929.6 Liters per year. In Addition, in the surrounding parks, which can be used as additional outdoor prayer spaces, the concept of integrated bio-pores and composter is applied, which can increase the absorption of rainwater that precipitates in the surrounding area of the mosque, increase groundwater reserves in the environment, and maximalize sustainable mosque design.
Comparative advantage of Indonesian mushroom commodities in the green technology era
Authors: Suwanan A F , Haryono N Y , Serino M N V , Nuraini F , Adi D L
Published: March 2024

Mushroom is a commodity in the agricultural sector that has the potential to be developed in global trade competition. As part of the ASEAN regional cooperation institution, Indonesia can contribute to achieving excellence in mushroom commodities. Developing mushroom cultivation to support green technology innovation also helps achieve food security for future generations. This research aims to analyze and overview the comparative advantages of ASEAN with China related to mushroom commodities in 2018-2022. This research uses descriptive analysis methods and RCA-Revealed Comparative Advantage analysis in calculating the RCA of this mushroom, using HS codes 0709, 0711, and 0712. HS code 0709 represents mushroom commodities based on the sub “Fresh or chilled mushrooms of the genus “Agaricus” and Fresh or chilled edible mushrooms and truffles. The results show that China has a comparative advantage over ASEAN regarding mushroom commodities in 2018-2022. China outperforms in 3 mushroom commodity sectors in HS Codes 071159, 071151, and 071239. In comparison, ASEAN regional institutions have a low and weak level of comparative advantage in each mushroom commodity code. These results indicate that countries that are members of ASEAN pay less attention to mushroom commodities. Therefore, strategic efforts are needed to develop mushroom commodities supporting green technology innovation by prioritizing humidity control to achieve national food security goals.
The collapse behavior of cold-formed steel composite beam structure
Authors: Setyowulan D , Nuralinah D , Suryo E A , Ramadhani S A , Prabandari E
Published: March 2024

The innovation of cold-formed steel increases along with the development of sustainable development principles that prioritize eco-friendly, practical, and economical materials. This material, being recyclable, practical, lightweight, and durable, also has the disadvantage of a thin profile thickness, so that it is prone to buckling. In this study, an experimental study was conducted related to cold-formed steel composite beams with concrete material that also contained cavities to reduce the weight of the beams. The specimens are concrete and have a double canal profile of C80.30.9 with a profile thickness of 0.75mm. The connections are made using SDS 12x20 screw connections with a spacing of 150, 200, and 300 mm. The beam span is subjected to concentrated load until the structure collapses. From this research, it was found that collapse from the flexural beam is caused by cracks due to bending moments or bending collapse. The depth of the crack that occurs beyond the cold-formed steel inside the concrete.
Screening and characterization of potential bioethanol production yeast from tropical fruits
Authors: Savitri E S , Rahmah A , Daryono R N H
Published: March 2024

This study aims to separate and characterise indigenous yeast (IY) from tropical fruit waste. The techniques include isolating and characterising yeast from different kinds of fruit waste, testing yeast for ethanol and glucose tolerance, and producing bioethanol in vitro. Using a microscope and visual inspection, the yeast’s morphological identification is done. Using a spectrophotometer to measure optical density, the tolerance tests for glucose and ethanol are used to select yeast biochemically. With the Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionisation Detector (GC-FID), one can measure the amount of ethanol present. Yeast was isolated using selective media to yield six isolates: code A1 from grapes, codes NG1, NG2 from jackfruit, and codes N1, N2, and N3 from pineapple; mango produced no results. Three isolates with the codes A1, NG1, and NG2 were chosen based on test results for resistance to glucose and ethanol. The Saccharomyces cerevisae bioethanol production test yielded 6.60%, 3.30%, 4.5%, and.4.85% of ethanol for the yeast species coded A1, NG1, and NG2, respectively, in terms of ethanol. According to the study’s findings, yeast bearing the NG2 code may be used in the fermentation process to produce bioethanol.
Effects of gamma irradiation on morphological changes in Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)
Authors: Wahyudi D , Belina V S , Suyono  , Resmisari R S , Fitriyah
Published: March 2024

Porang is agricultural plant that become important in the recent years. However, harnessing them through traditional genetic breeding is time-consuming and expensive. Inducing mutagenesis may be a short-time option for its genetic improvement. Therefore, the aim of this reserach is to determine the effect of gamma irradiation in the morphological changes of Porang. This research used completely randomized design (CRD) consisted of 6 levels of radiation including 0 Gray, 2 Gray, 4 Gray, 6 Gray, 8 Gray and 10 Gray. All treatments were replicated 4 times to account for statistical variability. The 30 days after planting of explants were then exposed to varying doses of gamma irradiation using a gamma cobalt-60 at Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (BATAN) Jakarta Indonesia. Porang height, total shoot and leaves, width and length of leaves were characterized after irradiation. Quantitative data were analyzed by using Anova one way and duncan on 5% significance level. Level irradiation of 2 Gray affected the number of shoots and leaves, plant height, width and length of leaves and leaf morphology and colour. Gamma radiation has succeeded in increasing the agricultural value of porang and producing porang with higher genetic diversity than wildtypes.
Plant morphological characters diversity of several superior and local varieties of garlic in various agroecological types
Authors: Baswarsiati B , Latifah E , Aisyawati L , Fauziah L , Anggraeni L , Rachmawati D , Trijaya D S
Published: March 2024

Since 2017, the government has determined garlic (Allium sativum L.) as a priority vegetable commodity. Support for the varieties selection is needed in garlic development areas with various agroecology. There were 7 varieties of garlic (Lumbu Hijau, Lumbu Kuning, Lumbu Putih, Tawang Mangu Baru, Sangga Sembalun, Geol and Kusuma) planted in Batu, Malang, Pasuruan, Probolinggo and Mojokerto areas. Research activities related to the diversity of plant characters including leaves, tubers and cloves were conducted from 2022 to 2023 with descriptive data processing methods. The varieties currently be in developed were able to compete with imported garlic. Lumbu Kuning from Sumber Brantas, Batu, has a weight of up to 12,9 g per clove, 100 cloves weigh 372,8 g with around 2-10 cloves per tuber. Meanwhile, Lumbu Hijau from Pujon, Malang, has a weight of 4,4 g per clove, 262,3 g per 100 cloves and the number of cloves per tuber is around 2-10. Imported garlic has a weight per clove up to 6,7 g, 311,6 g per 100 cloves, and the number of cloves per tuber is 7-13. The plants performance is also different between varieties and tends to be different in quantitative characteristics according to the method of cultivation and agroecology.
Processing technology of sticks prepared from chayote (Sechium edule) paste and modified cassava flour (Mocaf)
Authors: Nuraini L , Anggraeni L , Baswarsiati  , Hutasoit J P , Antarlina S S , Khamidah A
Published: March 2024

Sticks are a type of snack food that is commonly made from wheat flour. However, there are ongoing efforts to reduce the reliance on wheat flour in such products. In this context, the use of mocaf as a substitute for wheat flour and the addition of chayote to the processing of sticks can significantly impact the properties of the final product. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of chayote and mocaf on the physical, chemical, and sensory attributes of sticks. The research used a factorial randomized block design with treatment; C:chayote (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) and F:wheat flour: mocaf ratio (1:1; 1:2; 1:3) for three replicates. The results showed that the addition of chayote and mocaf affected the characteristics of the sticks produced. The most preferred treatment by the panelists was C3F1 with values for water content, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate, a-value, b-value, L-value, and yield of 5.31; 1.85; 29.75; 7.33; 55.76; 3.67; 60.00; 79.67 and 98.94, respectively. Increasing the amount of chayote makes the stick dough more difficult to shape. The more the addition of mocaf makes the texture of the stick more crumbly and easily crushable; the more the aroma and distinctive taste of mocaf become stronger; so the stick was less preferred.
Study of drosophila kinship from three regions in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Agustin M , Zubaidah S , Susanto H , Habiddin
Published: March 2024

Drosophila has a massive number of members and a wide range of habitats. Different natural conditions make it possible to find diverse Drosophila populations, although several types of Drosophila are cosmopolitan. Drosophila diversity is characterized by morphological variations. The structural similarity of an individual can be used to determine various kinship relations between organisms. This research aimed to determine the relation between Drosophila from three regions in East Java, Indonesia, namely Malang, Mojokerto, and Pasuruan, based on similarities in morphological characteristics. Samples were taken from these three areas, and observations were carried out from January to May 2023 at the Genetics Laboratory, Biology Department, FMIPA UM. Identification of Drosophila is based on an identification key consisting of 52 traits. Drosophila was purified to the third generation to achieve a homogeneity of 87.5%. The kinship relation is sought by calculating the association coefficient and similarity index as a reference in preparing the dendrogram. The dendrogram illustrates that Drosophila from Malang had a closer relationship with Drosophila from the Pasuruan area than from the Mojokerto area. Drosophila kinship relations are influenced by internal and external factors, which include gene flow, mobility, distance, and natural conditions.
Variance analysis and heritability estimation of growth and yield parameter of sweet cassava promising clones in two environments
Authors: Wahyuni T S , Sholihin  , Noerwijati K , Indriani F C , Mejaya M J , Solikin
Published: March 2024

Planting a good variety is important thing in increasing the productivity of cassava’s productivity. Selection and evaluation are needed for development of new variety. The evaluations were done in Malang (Entisol soil) and Probolinggo (Alfisol soil). The evaluation used an RCBD with three replications. Plants were planted on rows with distance 100 cm between rows and 80 cm within rows. Twelve clones (8 promising clones and four released variety) were used in this evaluation. Results can be seen that the variance of genotype was bigger than the variance of genotype x environment interaction for fresh tuber yield, starch content, long of tuber, diameter of tuber, tuber number/plant in eight months and plant height in 4 months, means genetic potency of clones tested more important compared to effect of genotype x environment interaction. This result indicated that clone tested have low chance to be a specific adaptation. The genotypic variance and the heritability for fresh tuber yield, diameter of tuber and tuber number/plant in eight months in Malang were higher than that in Probolinggo.
Viability test of yeast encapsulation (Candida tropicalis) using sodium alginate polymer in bread production
Authors: Utami U , Putra D C W , Harianie L
Published: March 2024

This study explores sodium alginate encapsulation’s impact on Candida tropicalis yeast cell viability and its influence on bread making. Encapsulation protects yeast cells from damage during drying and storage. The research used 10% and 15% sodium alginate for two isolates and one control. Statistical analysis, including Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests in Microsoft Excel SPSS, showed significant effects. Sodium alginate encapsulation notably improved Candida tropicalis yeast cell viability and final bread swelling, especially at 15% concentration. Mann-Whitney tests on organoleptic parameters revealed panelist preferences: Candida tropicalis 2 with 15% sodium alginate for color, taste, and texture, while Candida tropicalis 1 with 15% sodium alginate for aroma. This study suggests sodium alginate’s potential to enhance yeast viability and improve bread quality, offering insights for food processing and preservation applications. The research findings may contribute to developing effective encapsulation techniques for yeast-based products.
Chisocheton pentandrus (Blanco) Merr. leaf as a potential antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory agent
Authors: Wibawa I P A H , Hanafi M , Minarti  , Li’aini A S , Rahayu A , Semarayani C I M , Lugrayasa I N , Butardo V M , Mahon P J
Published: March 2024

Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest diversity of plants worldwide, including the Chisocheton genus. The Chisocheton genus has been widely used in traditional medicine due to a variety of compounds with different activities, such as antiplasmodial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory. The focus of this research is to determine the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-bacterial activity of Chisocheton pentandrus leaf extract from the Bali Botanic Garden plant collection, as well as the chemical compounds contained in the extract. The antioxidant activity test was carried out by capturing DPPH-free radicals, the antidiabetic test was carried out by assaying its inhibitory activity toward α-glucosidase enzyme, the antibacterial test was carried out using the agar diffusion method, while LC-MS/MS was used to determine the compounds contained in the extract. The results showed that the C. pentandrus leaf methanol extract showed the highest inhibitory activity as an antioxidant and inhibitor of the α-glucosidase enzyme in the very strong category; however, the extract is not effective in inhibiting bacterial growth.
Application of life cycle assessment in measuring the environmental impact of waste cooking oil utilization for biodiesel - a review
Authors: Febijanto I , Indrijarso S , Siswanto  , Kusrestuwardhani  , Trihadi S E Y , Ulfah F , Oktaufik M A M , Dharmawan  , Raharjo P , Barkah A , Iskandar M S , Hermawan T
Published: March 2024

Utilizing waste cooking oil for fuel is one of the steps to reduce the uncontrolled environmental impact due to the disposal of waste cooking oil into water bodies and onto the ground. Utilization as fuel will contribute to achieving net zero emissions and reducing global warming as the primary target. With increasing attention to the environment, the extent to which the process of making waste cooking oil impacts the environment has also been widely discussed. Using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology as a strong tool to assess the environmental impact, many previous studies have carried out the environmental impact concerning waste cooking oil utilization for biodiesel. This paper reviews previous research from around the world in the 2008-2023 period related to the environmental impact assessment of using LCA in manufacturing waste cooking oil for biodiesel. The review results are divided into scope and technology used, manufacturing raw materials, research locations, functional units, system boundaries (cradle to grave, gate to gate, and gate to grave), software used, midpoint impact assessment, impact assessment method, and impact category.
The utilization of Binahong leaves as medicinal plants for livestock production and health
Authors: Rohaeni E S , Widiawati Y , Setiasih  , Bakrie B , Wardi  , Anggraeny Y N , Hatta M , Shiddieqy M I , Ahmad S N , Widodo S , Firsoni  , Evvyernie D , Yolanda D E
Published: March 2024

The utilization of Binahong leaves or Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Stennis as a medicinal plant in livestock production and health, has garnered significant attention in recent years. This review paper aims to comprehensively analyze the diverse potential benefits of Binahong leaves in enhancing livestock well-being and productivity. With a focus on its applications in the livestock sector, this review encompasses multiple facets, including the phytochemical composition of Binahong leaves, their pharmacological activities, and their impact on animal health and production. The phytochemical profile of Binahong leaves is examined in detail, highlighting the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids, which contribute to their medicinal properties. These compounds exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory activities, making Binahong leaves a promising natural remedy for addressing health challenges in livestock. Furthermore, the review explores the potential mechanisms by which Binahong leaves can improve livestock health. These mechanisms involve the enhancement of immune responses, the reduction of oxidative stress, and the mitigation of common ailments in animals. Additionally, the effects of Binahong leaves on livestock growth, reproduction, and overall production are discussed, emphasizing their role in sustainable livestock farming. In ruminants, Binahong is beneficial for therapy in Gastroenteritis caused by Bacillus subtilis, for the treatment of eye infections, for overcoming drug resistance in E. coli, and for mastitis therapy in dairy cattle. This review paper suggests the potential utilization of Binahong as an herbal plant or alternative medicine for general health and, specifically, for enhancing livestock productivity.
Thermal enhancement of microchannel heat sink using pin-fin configurations and geometric optimization
Authors: Wazir Muhammad Anas , Akhtar Kareem , Ghani Usman , Wajib Mohsin , Shaukat Shahmir , Ali Haseeb
Published: March 2024

The microchannel heat sink (MCHS) is a robust cooling technique that ensures the efficiency and reliability of compact electronic devices by dissipating a large amount of heat because of its high surface area-to-volume ratio. This study proposes a novel modification of the pin-fins geometry in MCHS, and geometric optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) to build a low thermal resistant MCHS with enhanced heat transfer efficiency with low-pressure drop. Three dimensional numerical simulations using ANSYS FLUENT 2021 R2 are performed on three pin-fins configurations, i.e., MC-BW (pins mounted transversely to the bottom wall), MC-SW (pins mounted transversely to the side wall), and MC-Mixed (pins mounted transversely to the bottom and side wall). The thermal and flow characteristics are investigated using a laminar conjugate heat transfer model at Reynolds numbers 100–1000. Results show that introducing pin-fins significantly enhances heat dissipation as it continuously breaks the boundary layer and generates flow separation downstream of the pin-fins, which enhances fluid mixing and increases heat transfer augmentation inside MCHS. Among different configurations, the MC-Mixed gives the highest improvement of 50% in the convective heat transfer coefficient at Re = 1000. The highest thermal enhancement factor of η = 1.4 is obtained for the MC-Mixed configuration at Re = 600. For the base wall pin fin configuration RSM yields optimized values of 2.50 mm, 0.25 mm, and 0.045 mm for transverse pitch, longitudinal pitch, and diameter of pin respectively, and for the mixed pin fin configuration it gives 1.0 mm, 0.150 mm, 0.035 mm and 1.250 mm values for transverse pitch, longitudinal pitch, diameter of pin and pitch of side wall pins respectively for the maximum heat transfer and minimum pressure drop.
Neuromorphic auditory classification based on a single dynamical electrochemical memristor
Authors: Chen Peng , Xiong Xuehao , Zhang Bihua , Ye Yuxuan , Pan Gang , Lin Peng
Published: March 2024

Designing compact computing hardware and systems is highly desired for resource-restricted edge computing applications. Utilizing the rich dynamics in a physical device for computing is a unique approach in creating complex functionalities with miniaturized footprint. In this work, we developed a dynamical electrochemical memristor from a static memristor by replacing the gate material. The dynamical device possessed short-term fading dynamics and exhibited distinct frequency-dependent responses to varying input signals, enabling its use as a single device-based frequency classifier. Simulation showed that the device responses to different frequency components in a mixed-frequency signal were additive with nonlinear attenuation at higher frequency, providing a guideline in designing the system to process complex signals. We used a rate-coding scheme to convert real world auditory recordings into fixed amplitude spike trains to decouple amplitude-based information and frequency-based information and was able to demonstrate auditory classification of different animals. The work provides a new building block for temporal information processing.
Local climate and vernalization sensitivity predict the latitudinal patterns of flowering onset in the crop wild relative Linum bienne Mill.
Authors: Landoni Beatrice , Suárez-Montes Pilar , Habeahan Rico H F , Brennan Adrian C , Pérez-Barrales Rocío
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims

The timing of flowering onset is often correlated with latitude, indicative of climatic gradients. Flowering onset in temperate species commonly requires exposure to cold temperatures, known as vernalization. Hence, population differentiation of flowering onset with latitude might reflect adaptation to the local climatic conditions experienced by populations.

Methods

Within its western range, seeds from Linum bienne populations (the wild relative of cultivated Linum usitatissimum) were used to describe the latitudinal differentiation of flowering onset to determine its association with the local climate of the population. A vernalization experiment including different crop cultivars was used to determine how vernalization accelerates flowering onset, in addition to the vernalization sensitivity response among populations and cultivars. Additionally, genetic differentiation of L. bienne populations along the latitudinal range was scrutinized using microsatellite markers.

Key Results

Flowering onset varied with latitude of origin, with southern populations flowering earlier than their northern counterparts. Vernalization reduced the number of days to flowering onset, but vernalization sensitivity was greater in northern populations compared with southern ones. Conversely, vernalization delayed flowering onset in the crop, exhibiting less variation in sensitivity. In L. bienne, both flowering onset and vernalization sensitivity were better predicted by the local climate of the population than by latitude itself. Microsatellite data unveiled genetic differentiation of populations, forming two groups geographically partitioned along latitude.

Conclusions

The consistent finding of latitudinal variation across experiments suggests that both flowering onset and vernalization sensitivity in L. bienne populations are under genetic regulation and might depend on climatic cues at the place of origin. The association with climatic gradients along latitude suggests that the climate experienced locally drives population differentiation of the flowering onset and vernalization sensitivity patterns. The genetic population structure suggests that past population history could have influenced the flowering initiation patterns detected, which deserves further work.
SuperCUT, an unsupervised multimodal image registration with deep learning for biomedical microscopy
Authors: Grexa Istvan , Iván Zsanett Zsófia , Migh Ede , Kovács Ferenc , Bolck Hella A , Zheng Xiang , Mund Andreas , Moshkov Nikita , Miczán Vivien , Koos Krisztian , Horvath Peter
Published: March 2024

Numerous imaging techniques are available for observing and interrogating biological samples, and several of them can be used consecutively to enable correlative analysis of different image modalities with varying resolutions and the inclusion of structural or molecular information. Achieving accurate registration of multimodal images is essential for the correlative analysis process, but it remains a challenging computer vision task with no widely accepted solution. Moreover, supervised registration methods require annotated data produced by experts, which is limited. To address this challenge, we propose a general unsupervised pipeline for multimodal image registration using deep learning. We provide a comprehensive evaluation of the proposed pipeline versus the current state-of-the-art image registration and style transfer methods on four types of biological problems utilizing different microscopy modalities. We found that style transfer of modality domains paired with fully unsupervised training leads to comparable image registration accuracy to supervised methods and, most importantly, does not require human intervention.
Ovarian cancer is detectable from peripheral blood using machine learning over T-cell receptor repertoires
Authors: Zuckerbrot-Schuldenfrei Miriam , Aviel-Ronen Sarit , Zilberberg Alona , Efroni Sol
Published: March 2024

The extraordinary diversity of T cells and B cells is critical for body maintenance. This diversity has an important role in protecting against tumor formation. In humans, the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is generated through a striking stochastic process called V(D)J recombination, in which different gene segments are assembled and modified, leading to extensive variety. In ovarian cancer (OC), an unfortunate 80% of cases are detected late, leading to poor survival outcomes. However, when detected early, approximately 94% of patients live longer than 5 years after diagnosis. Thus, early detection is critical for patient survival. To determine whether the TCR repertoire obtained from peripheral blood is associated with tumor status, we collected blood samples from 85 women with or without OC and obtained TCR information. We then used machine learning to learn the characteristics of samples and to finally predict, over a set of unseen samples, whether the person is with or without OC. We successfully stratified the two groups, thereby associating the peripheral blood TCR repertoire with the formation of OC tumors. A careful study of the origin of the set of T cells most informative for the signature indicated the involvement of a specific invariant natural killer T (iNKT) clone and a specific mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) clone. Our findings here support the proposition that tumor-relevant signal is maintained by the immune system and is coded in the T-cell repertoire available in peripheral blood. It is also possible that the immune system detects tumors early enough for repertoire technologies to inform us near the beginning of tumor formation. Although such detection is made by the immune system, we might be able to identify it, using repertoire data from peripheral blood, to offer a pragmatic way to search for early signs of cancer with minimal patient burden, possibly with enhanced sensitivity.
CAFA-evaluator: a Python tool for benchmarking ontological classification methods
Authors: Piovesan Damiano , Zago Davide , Joshi Parnal , De Paolis Kaluza M Clara , Mehdiabadi Mahta , Ramola Rashika , Monzon Alexander Miguel , Reade Walter , Friedberg Iddo , Radivojac Predrag , Tosatto Silvio C E
Published: March 2024

We present CAFA-evaluator, a powerful Python program designed to evaluate the performance of prediction methods on targets with hierarchical concept dependencies. It generalizes multi-label evaluation to modern ontologies where the prediction targets are drawn from a directed acyclic graph and achieves high efficiency by leveraging matrix computation and topological sorting. The program requirements include a small number of standard Python libraries, making CAFA-evaluator easy to maintain. The code replicates the Critical Assessment of protein Function Annotation (CAFA) benchmarking, which evaluates predictions of the consistent subgraphs in Gene Ontology. Owing to its reliability and accuracy, the organizers have selected CAFA-evaluator as the official CAFA evaluation software.

Availability and implementation

https://pypi.org/project/cafaeval
Acetic Acid Enables Molecular Enumeration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Sputum and Eliminates the Need for a Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory
Authors: Palekyte Ana , Morkowska Anna , Billington Owen , Morris-Jones Stephen , Millard James , Marakalala Mohlopheni J , Owolabi Olumuyiwa , Sambou Basil , Zumla Alimuddin , Sutherland Jayne S , McHugh Timothy D , Honeyborne Isobella
Published: March 2024

Background

Improved monitoring of Mycobacterium tuberculosis response to treatment is urgently required. We previously developed the molecular bacterial load assay (MBLA), but it is challenging to integrate into the clinical diagnostic laboratory due to a labor-intensive protocol required at biosafety level 3 (BSL-3). A modified assay was needed.

Methods

The rapid enumeration and diagnostic for tuberculosis (READ-TB) assay was developed. Acetic acid was tested and compared to 4 M guanidine thiocyanate to be simultaneously bactericidal and preserve mycobacterial RNA. The extraction was based on silica column technology and incorporated low-cost reagents: 3 M sodium acetate and ethanol for the RNA extraction to replace phenol–chloroform. READ-TB was fully validated and compared directly to the MBLA using sputa collected from individuals with tuberculosis.

Results

Acetic acid was bactericidal to M. tuberculosis with no significant loss in 16S rRNA or an unprotected mRNA fragment when sputum was stored in acetic acid at 25°C for 2 weeks or −20°C for 1 year. This novel use of acetic acid allows processing of sputum for READ-TB at biosafety level 2 (BSL-2) on sample receipt. READ-TB is semiautomated and rapid. READ-TB correlated with the MBLA when 85 human sputum samples were directly compared (R2 = 0.74).

Conclusions

READ-TB is an improved version of the MBLA and is available to be adopted by clinical microbiology laboratories as a tool for tuberculosis treatment monitoring. READ-TB will have a particular impact in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) for laboratories with no BSL-3 laboratory and for clinical trials testing new combinations of anti-tuberculosis drugs.