bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Program Pembelajaran IPA Berbasis Masalah untuk Menumbuhkan Metakognisi Siswa MTS di Salatiga
Authors: Zuhaida Anggun
Published: January 2020

Perkembangan bahan kajian tentang IPA yang pesat menuntut para pendidik agar mampu merancang dan melaksanakan pendidikan yang lebih terarah pada pengusaan konsep IPA. Perkembangan IPA tidak hanya ditunjukkan oleh kumpulan fakta, melainkan timbul akibat adanya metode ilmiah dan sikap ilmiah. IPA tidak hanya sekedar  pengetahuan, melainkan melibatkan operasi mental, keterampilan dan strategi dalam menemukan konsep IPA itu sendiri. Program pembelajaran IPA berbasis masalah untuk menumbuhkan metakognisi merupakan pelaksanaan perangkat pembelajaran, khususnya silabus, RPP, lembar kerja, media, dan asesmen. Model pembelajaran yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah model problem based learning (PBL). Inovasi model pembelajaran merujuk pada penggunaan model PBL dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang digunakan untuk mengetahui pencapaian metakognisi. Secara umum, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan prosedur penelitian Research & Development. Penelitian dilakukan pada MTs di Kota Salatiga dengan subjek penelitian  siswa kelas VIII dengan cara pengambilan sampling yaitu purposive sampling. Tujuan akhir dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meninjau karakteristik Program Pembelajaran IPA berbasis masalah, serta menganalisis tingkat pencapaian kemampuan metakognisi. Indikator-indikator metakognisi yang digunakan adalah mengacu pada tipe-tipe Metakognisi Schraw dan Dennison (1994:472-474). Hasil pencapaian keterampilan metakognisi pada aspek tes essay menunjukkan hasil yang positif, aspek kinerja menunjukkan indikator yang dominan adalah planning, sedangkan dari hasil angket menunjukkan dominasi indikator evaluasi.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Pada Siswa Kelas IV SDN Kertosari I Kabupaten Madiun
Authors: Kusumawati Naniek
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas IV SDN Kertosari I Kabupaten Madiun sejumlah 20 siswa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan Triangulasi serta kegiatan pengumpulan data menggunakan siklus yang terdiri dari 2 siklus. Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dengan aspek kemampuan siswa dalam memecahkan masalah, kemampuan siswa dalam melakukan percobaan, kerjasama dalam kelompok. Ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa pada pra siklus yaitu 25%, siklus I adalah 65% dan siklus II mencapai 90%. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa materi perubahan lingkungan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA pada siswa kelas IV SDN Kertosari I Kabupaten Madiun Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017.
Penggunaan Lembar Kegiatan Siswa (LKS) Berbasis Discovery Learning Pada Materi Mendeskripsikan Perubahan Sifat Benda
Authors: Santi Novi Nitya , Chotimah Anggun Chusnul
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh hasil pengamatan dan pengalaman peneliti, bahwa LKS yang sering digunakan di Sekolah Dasar saat ini cenderung hanya berisikan rangkuman materi dan latihan soal. Siswa mempelajari materi dan evaluasi berdasarkan LKS yang mereka gunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan adanya pengembangan LKS berbasis Discovery Learning yang tidak hanya berisikan rangkuman materi dan soal, namun juga disertai praktikum yang akan melatih siswa untuk berfikir secara ilmiah. Penelitian ini digunakan untuk mengetahui dampak penggunaan LKS berbasis Discovery Learning pada materi perubahan sifat benda. Dampak penggunaan LKS dilihat dari respon guru dan siswa terhadap penggunaan LKS berbasis Discovery Learning, serta bagaimana dampak penggunaan LKS terhadap kemampuan siswa dalam mendeskripsikan perubahan sifat benda. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu respon guru terhadap penggunaan LKS berbasis Discovery Learning yang telah diterapkan dalam pembelajaran memperoleh respon baik.  Hasil angket respon guru yaitu lebih dari 50 % jawaban guru termasuk dalam kriteria sangat setuju. Respon siswa terhadap penggunaan LKS berbasis Discovery Learning memperoleh respon positif dari siswa. Hal ini dapat diketahui dari presentase jawaban siswa yaitu dari 10 pernyataan memiliki kriteria baik yaitu nilai presentase ≥ 50 %. Selaini tu, dampak penggunaan LKS berbasis Discovery Learning terhadap kemampuan siswa dalam mendeskripsikan perubahan sifat benda yaitu memiliki dampak positif. Hal ini dapat diketahui dari hasil penilaian pretes dan postes. Pada hasil pretesterdapat 2 siswa yang memperolehnilai di bawah KKM. Sedangkan pada nilai postes siswa mengalami peningkatan yaitu hanya 1 siswa yang mendapatkan nilai di bawah KKM.
Identifikasi Miskonsepsi Konsep Fotosintesis Melalui Two-Tier Diagnostic Test dan Wawancara Diagnostik
Authors: Roosyanti Anna
Published: January 2020

Oftenly, Elementary School Students have wrong comprehension about Photosynthesis. One of the reason of this is caused by the teacher. As a prospective Elementary School teacher, university students are expected to teach the concept of Photosynthesis properly. This research aims to identify misconceptions about the concept of Photosynthesis occuring in Student of Elementary School Teacher candidates through two-tier diagnostic tests and diagnostic interviews. This study is a qualitative descriptive research, which describes the type of misconceptions that occured. Subjects in this study are students of Elementary School Teacher Education Program, University of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya 1st semester academic year 2016-2017. The number of the subjects are 22 students. The results obtained are as follows: (1) There are misconceptions experienced by students about the concept of Photosynthesis. Conseption (understanding) of students is lowest on concept of Photosynthetic Process requires light 18,18%, while the highest conceptions is on product concept, results of Photosynthesis process, with percentage of 81,83%. (2) Source or cause misconceptions experienced by student come from student praconceptions and teaching materials. The conclusions of this research are two-tier diagnostic tests and diagnostic interviews can be used as a reference in identifying misconceptions on the concept of Photosynthesis.
Membumikan Al Qur’an Sejak Dini
Authors: Afifah Anis
Published: January 2020

Al-qur’an sebagai pedoman bagi umat Islam hendaknya dipelajari secara kontekstual, bukan sekedar membaca, menulis, dan menghafal secara tekstual. Sebagai pedoman, Al-Qur’an mencakup segala sesuatu yang ada di muka bumi ini baik yang bersifat sosial maupun alam. Dengan mempelajari ilmu sosial dan ilmu alam diharapkan manusia dapat menjadi bertaqwa terhadap Allah SWT dengan melaksanakan segala ketentuan dalam Al Qur’an. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran Al-Qur’an secara terpisah dengan ilmu yang lain mengakibatkan Al-Qur’an hanya dipelajari secara tekstual oleh anak.

Pembelajaran terpadu tipe webbed menjadi salah satu alternatif yang diberikan oleh penulis untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Penelitian awal dari penelitian ini menggunakan hasil observasi empiris dan dokumentasi pembelajaran yang ada di sekolah tingkat dasar di Indonesia. Secara teoritis direplikasikan melalui pencarian terkait dengan pembelajaran terpadu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : 1) Membumikan Al-qur’an sejak dini dapat dilaksanakan melalui pengintegrasian dan pengkoneksian al-Qur’an dengan mata pelajaran IPA, IPS, Bahasa Indonesia, PKn, SBdP, Matematika, Pendidikan Jasmani,  Fiqih, Akidah, Sejarah Islam dan Bahasa Arab di sekolah tingkat dasar 2) Desain pembelajaran terpadu tipe webbed dengan strategi pembelajaran inquiry meliputi kegiatan menentukan masalah, menentukan pertanyaan penelitian, mengajukan hipotesis, mengumpulkan data, menganalisis dan menyimpulkan.

Kata Kunci : pembelajaran inquiry,  Al-Qur’an, terpadu, tematik integratif, siklus air.
Analisis Kesalahan dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita Berdasarkan Teori Newman
Authors: Sari Laili Nur Indah , Ferdiani Rosita Dwi , Yuwono Timbul
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis jenis kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh siswa dalam memecahkan masalah linear programming berdasarkan teori Newman, pada siswa kelas XI SMA PGRI Lawang. Subjek penelitian diambil 6 orang dari 22 siswa kelas XI MIA. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, kesimpulan yang didapat adalah: (1) 16,7% siswa mengalami kesalahan membaca yang tidak dapat berarti makna kata dalam materi. (2) 27,8% siswa salah memahami masalah yang tidak dapat menuliskan apa yang diketahui dan apa yang ditanyakan sesuai dengan pertanyaan permintaan. (3) 44,4% siswa membuat kesalahan transformasi yang siswa tidak dapat membuat model matematika. (4) 50% siswa salah mengartikan keterampilan proses yang tidak dapat melakukan perhitungan dengan tepat. (5) Adapun kesalahan menulis jawaban yang dibuat oleh siswa sebanyak 55,6% siswa tidak dapat membuat kesimpulan dari jawaban yang diperoleh. Solusi untuk meminimalkan kesalahan siswa dalam memecahkan masalah cerita matematika adalah dengan memberikan penguatan kepada siswa bagaimana mengubah kalimat menjadi model matematika dan melipatgandakan latihan dalam mengerjakan cerita.
Tindak Tutur Ilokusi dalam Percakapan Santri di Pondok Pesantren Mahasiswa Darussalam Surakarta
Authors: Zuhriyah Siti Aminataz , Rosita Farida Yufarliana
Published: January 2020

Penelitian yang berjudul “Tindak tutur Ilokusi Percakapan Santri di Pondok Pesantren Mahasiswa Darussalam Surakarta: Kajian Pragmatik” bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan atau menganalisis wujud ilokusi yang digunakan santri dalam berinteraksi di Pondok Pesantren Mahasiswa Darussalam. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah  metode kualitatif pragmatis. Metode ini merupakan metode penelitian yang berusaha menggambarkan makna tuturan pada suatu komunitas sesuai dengan objek keadaan yang sebenarnya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam berinteraksi, antara santri satu dengan yang lainnya terdapat wujud ilokusi menyimpangan bahasa yang digunakan santri di Pondok Pesantren Mahasiswa Darussalam
Eksistensi Tunagrahita dalam Pembuatan Batik Ciprat
Authors: Nasyiithoh Hikma Khilda
Published: January 2020

The impression of mental retardation as a person who is not independent has been refuted when we see the state of the village caring for the mentally disabled in the village of Simbatan, Nguntoronadi, Kab. Magetan. Mentally retarded people in Simbatan Village were gathered together by the village government and social services and were given training in making “batik ciprat”. The research aims to describe the existence of mental retardation in the village of Simbatan in making “batik ciprat”. This research is descriptive qualitative, by obtaining research data through interviews, observation, and documentation. The research results showed that people with mental retardation in Simbatan were able to produce works in the form of “batik ciprat”. “batik ciprat” is made by splashing “malam” (batik coloring material) into the cloth using a brush. “batik ciprat” was chosen because it allows retardation to do it easily. In addition to producing “batik ciprat” works, other works produced in the form of table cloths and cloth shoes with “batik ciprat” motif.
Identifikasi Problematika Mahasiswa Calon Guru SD/MI dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Matematika Dasar
Authors: Irawan Edi
Published: January 2020

Pentingnya keberadaan dan peran matematika dalam segala lini kehidupan menuntut untuk dipahami dan dikuasai dengan baik. Terlebih bagi guru atau calon guru sekolah dasar/madrasah ibtidaiyah yang akan menanamkan konsep matematika dasar pada para peserta didik. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan utama yang dihadapi oleh mahasiswa calon guru sekolah dasar/madrasah ibtidaiyah dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika dasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan subjek penelitian mahasiswa Prodi PGMI IAIN Ponorogo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum, terdapat dua problematika utama yang dihadapi mahasiswa calon guru sekolah dasar atau madrasah ibtidaiyah di IAIN Ponorogo. Pertama, masih rendahnya pemahaman terhadap konsep dasar matematika. Logika matematika merupakan materi dengan angka ketidakpahaman tertinggi dibandingkan materi lain. Ketidakpahaman konsep terjadi secara merata pada masing-masing kelompok mahasiswa, baik yang berasal dari MA, SMA, maupun SMK. Namun, angka ketidakpahaman konsep pada mahasiswa yang berasal dari SMK cenderung lebih tinggi. Kedua, terjadinya miskonsepsi. Miskonsepsi tertinggi terjadi pada materi bilangan dan operasi aljabar. Namun demikian, meskipun dalam jumlah terbatas, ditemukan juga miskonsepsi pada konsep matematika dasar lainnya. Miskonsepsi cenderung terjadi pada mahasiswa yang berasal dari SMA dan MA.
Application value of tissue tuberculosis antigen combined with Xpert MTB/RIF detection in differential diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn’s disease
Authors: Fei Baoying , Zhou Lin , Zhang Yu , Luo Linhe , Chen Yuanyuan
Published: January 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of Xpert MTB/RIF detection and tuberculosis antigen detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cluster (MTBC) in intestinal tissues for differentiating intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) from Crohn’s disease (CD). Methods: A total of 110 patients who were clinically diagnosed with CD or ITB were monitored. Several specimens of intestinal tissue from endoscopic biopsy or surgical excision were used for culture and Xpert MTB/RIF for detection of MTBC, respectively. Four antigens (38KDa, ESAT-6, MPT64, Ag85 complex) of MTBC in intestinal tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: A total of 42 cases of intestinal tuberculosis and 46 cases of CD were included in the experimental analysis. Perianal lesions and longitudinal ulcers were more common in CD patients (p < 0.05), while caseous granuloma and annular ulcers were more common in ITB patients (P < 0.05). The positive rate of MTBC detected by Xpert MTB/RIF in intestinal tissue samples of ITB patients was 33.33%, which was significantly higher compared to CD patients (p < 0.05) and compared to acid-fast staining smears (9.52%) (p < 0.05). The positive MPT64 expression rate in patients with intestinal tuberculosis was 40.48%, which was significantly higher than that observed in CD patients, which was 19.56% (p<0.05). Conclusions: The detection of Xpert MTB/RIF in intestinal tissue is a rapid and useful method for establishing an early diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis. The detection of Xpert MTB/RIF and MPT64 antigen in intestinal tissues have definitive value in the differential diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn’s disease. The combination of these two methods could improve detection sensitivity.
Laparoscopic orchiopexy of palpable undescended testes_ experience of a single tertiary institution with over 773 cases
Authors: Author) Jia You(Former Corresponding , Li Gang , Author) Shuang Li(New Corresponding , Chen Haitao , Wang Jun
Published: January 2020

Background Discuss the superiority of laparoscopic orchiopexy in the treatment of inguinal palpable undescended testes. Methods Inclusion criteria: Preoperative examination and color Doppler ultrasound examination confirmed that the testes were located in the inguinal canal and could not be pulled into the scrotum, except for retractive and ectopic testes. The surgical steps were depicted as follow. The retroperitoneal wall was carved by ultrasonic scalpels, separates the spermatic vessels closed to the inferior pole of the kidney if necessary, dissects the peritoneum of vas deferens, cuts the testicular gubernaculum, and pulls back the testicle into the abdominal cavity. Besides, protect the vas deferens, and descend the testes to the scrotum and fix them without tension. Results There were 773 patients with 869 inguinal undescended palpable testes, 218 cases on the left side, 459 cases on the right side and 96 cases with bilateral undescended testes, whose age ranged from 6 months to 8 years, with an average of 20 months. All testes were successfully operated, no converted to open surgery. The average operation time was (34.8 ± 5.4) min. There were 692 testes have an ipsilateral patent processus vaginalis (89.5%); In 677 cases of unilateral cryptorchidism, 233 cases (34.4%) have a contralateral patent processus vaginalis, and laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure the hernia sac carry out during the surgery. There was no subcutaneous emphysema during the operation, no vomiting, no abdominal distension, no wound bleeding and obvious pain after surgery, especially wound infection is rarely. Doppler ultrasound was evaluated regularly after surgery. The patients were followed up for 6 to 18 months. All the testes were located in the scrotum without testicular retraction and atrophy. No inguinal hernia or hydrocele was found in follow-up examination. Conclusion Laparoscopic orchiopexy manage inguinal palpable cryptorchidism is safe and effective, and there are obvious minimally invasive advantages. Furthermore, It could discover a contralateral patent processus vaginalis, and treat at the same time, which avoid the occurrence of metachronous inguinal hernia.
Genome-wide association mapping of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance in soybean using whole-genome resequencing data
Authors: Boudhrioua Chiheb , Bastien Maxime , Torkamaneh Davoud , Belzile François
Published: January 2020

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is an important cause of yield loss in soybean. Although many papers have reported different loci contributing to partial resistance, few of these were proved to reproduce the same phenotypic impact in different populations. In this study, we identified a major quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to SSR progression on the main stem by using a genome-wide association mapping (GWAM). A population of 127 soybean accessions was genotyped with 1.5M SNPs derived from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) ensuring an extensive genome coverage and phenotyped for SSR resistance. SNP-trait association led to discovery of a new QTL on chromosome 1 (Chr01) where resistant lines had shorter lesions on the stem by 29 mm . A single gene (Glyma.01g048000) resided in the same LD block as the peak SNP, but it is of unknown function. The impact of this QTL was even more significant in the descendants of a cross between two lines carrying contrasted alleles for Chr01. Individuals carrying the resistance allele developed lesions almost 50% shorter than those bearing the sensitivity allele. These results suggest that this region harbors a promising resistance QTL to SSR that can be used in soybean breeding program.
Trabecular bone scores in young HIV-infected men: a matched case-control study
Authors: Kim Youn Jeong , Kang Kwi Young , Shin Juyoung , Jun Yoonhee , Kim Sang Il , Kim Yang Ree
Published: January 2020

Background: Screening for osteoporosis with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is recommended for male HIV-infected patients only above the age of 50. Recently, trabecular bone score (TBS) has been introduced as a novel tool to assess bone microarchitecture using DXA of the lumbar spine. Few studies have reported TBS values in HIV-infected individuals younger than 50 years of age. This study compared TBS values in young males infected with HIV and matched controls, and investigated the associations between TBS and demographic parameters, clinical parameters, and bone mineral density (BMD) scores. Methods: A cross-sectional study of BMD and TBS in HIV-infected men (n = 80) aged between 18 and 50 years and age- and sex-matched controls (n = 80) was conducted.Results: The proportion of patients with low BMD (Z-score ≤−2) was significantly greater among HIV-infected patients than among matched controls (21.3% [17/80] vs. 8.8% [7/80], p = 0.027). Mean TBS values were significantly lower in HIV-infected patients than in controls (1.41 ± 0.07 vs. 1.45 ± 0.07, p = 0.008). In both groups, TBS values were positively correlated with BMD at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip (p < 0.001); however, TBS was not correlated with body mass index. In the HIV group, TBS was negatively correlated with the duration of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF) exposure (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Young men infected with HIV had abnormal bone trabecular microarchitecture, as assessed by both TBS and BMD. TBS values were correlated with both BMD and the duration of TDF exposure.
Comparative genomic analysis of the secondary flagellar (flag-2) system in the order Enterobacterales
Authors: De Maayer Pieter , Pillay Talia , Coutinho Teresa A
Published: January 2020

Background The order Enterobacterales encompasses a broad range of metabolically and ecologically versatile bacterial taxa, most of which are motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Flagellar biosynthesis has been linked to a primary flagella locus, flag -1, encompassing ~ 50 genes. A discrete locus, flag -2, encoding a distinct flagellar system, has been observed in a limited number of enterobacterial taxa, but its function remains largely uncharacterized. Results and Discussion Comparative genomic analyses showed that orthologous flag -2 loci are present in 592/4,028 taxa belonging to 5/8 and 31/76 families and genera, respectively, in the order Enterobacterales. Furthermore, the presence of only the outermost flag- 2 genes in many taxa suggests that this locus was far more prevalent and has subsequently been lost through gene deletion events. The flag -2 loci range in size from ~3.4 to 81.1 kilobases and code for between five and 102 distinct proteins. The discrepancy in size and protein number can be attributed to the presence of cargo gene islands within the loci. Evolutionary analyses revealed a complex evolutionary history for the flag -2 loci, representing ancestral elements in some taxa, while showing evidence of recent horizontal acquisition in other enterobacteria. Conclusions The flag -2 flagellar system is a fairly common, but highly variable feature among members of the Enterobacterales. Given the energetic burden of flagellar biosynthesis and functioning, the prevalence of a second flagellar system suggests it plays important biological roles in the enterobacteria and we postulate on its potential role as locomotory organ or as secretion system.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Prevalent and Persistent Cervical High-Risk Human Papillomavirus(HPV) Infection
Authors: Adebamowo Sally N. , Adeyemo Adebowale A , Rotimi Charles N , Olaniyan Olayinka , Offiong Richard B. , Adebamowo Clement A
Published: January 2020

Background: Genetic factors may influence the susceptibility to high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection and persistence. We conducted the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify variants associated with cervical hrHPV infection and persistence. Methods: Participants were 517 Nigerian women evaluated at baseline and 6 months follow-up visits for HPV. HPV was characterized using SPF10/LiPA25. hrHPV infection was positive if at least one carcinogenic HPV genotype was detected in a sample provided at the baseline visit and persistent if at least one carcinogenic HPV genotype was detected in each of the samples provided at the baseline and follow-up visits. Genotyping was done using the Illumina Multi-Ethnic Genotyping Array (MEGA) and imputation was done using the African Genome Resources Haplotype Reference Panel. Association analysis was done under additive genetic models adjusted for age, HIV status and the first principal component (PC) of the genotypes. Results: The mean (±SD) age of the study participants was 38 (±8) years, 48% were HIV negative, 24% were hrHPV positive and 10% had persistent hrHPV infections. The top three variants associated with hrHPV infections were intronic variants clustered in KLF12 (all OR: 7.06, p=1.43 x 10-6). The top variants associated with cervical hrHPV persistence were in DAP(OR: 6.86, p=7.15 x 10-8), NR5A2(OR: 3.65, p=2.03 x 10-7) and MIR365-2(OR: 7.71, p=2.63 x 10-7) gene regions. Conclusions: This exploratory GWAS yielded novel candidate risk loci for cervical hrHPV infection and persistence. The identified loci have biological annotation and functional data supporting their role in hrHPV infection and persistence. Given our limited sample size, larger discovery and replication studies are warranted to further characterize the reported associations.
Awareness of Osteoporosis among 368 Residents in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Oumer Kemal Sherefa , Liu Yawen , Yu Qiong , Wu Fan , Yang Shuman
Published: January 2020

Background: Studies on osteoporosis awareness among general population in China are still limited. We examined the level of osteoporosis awareness among residents in China, determined the risk factors associated with lower level of osteoporosis awareness, and assessed the sources of their knowledge about osteoporosis.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 368 general residents aged 30 years or older from 19 provinces during January-March 2018 in China. All participants were identified and interviewed face-to-face by medical students in Jilin University using a structured questionnaire. Osteoporosis awareness scores (percent of correct answer) was determined across several domains, including definition, diagnosis, risk factors, and prevention of osteoporosis. We used multiple linear regression models to test the relationship between risk factors and overall awareness scores.Results: The mean age of participants was 52.9 ± 10.2 years, and 53% of them were male. Osteoporosis awareness score for definition was 77.7%, diagnosis 49.6%, risk factors 49.2%, treatment 60.5%, and prevention 69.9%. The overall awareness score was 67.8%. Lower family income and education level were significantly associated with lower overall awareness score (all p <0.05). Television or radio health program was reported to be their main source of knowledge about osteoporosis.Conclusion: The awareness level for osteoporosis is moderate; lower family income and education level were risk factors for lower awareness. Television or radio health program had the greatest contribution to osteoporosis awareness.
Imaging study of coronal structural matching of the distal radius in normal adults
Authors: Zhang Xin , Yuan Feng , Yin Yong , Fan Jian
Published: January 2020

Background: As an important anatomical basis, coronal structural position matching of the distal radius has long been lacking in terms of a quantitative understanding, and such matching is correlated with the postoperative functional recovery of patients with distal radius fracture. The purpose of this study was to explore the degree of coronal structural matching of the distal radius in a normal population and to improve the detailed anatomical knowledge of the distal radius.Methods: The reconstructed 3D data were analysed using 3-matic research software from thin-film CT images of 80 normal adults, and the coronal structural matching of the distal radius was studied from two aspects: 1) self-matching of the distal radius; and 2) matching between the distal radius and ulna (i.e., the joint space of the distal radioulnar joint). Specific research methods: 1) The relative position of the medial wall of the distal radius with respect to the lunate was determined as the percentage (%) of the vertical distance from the medial wall of the radius to the most prominent ulnar point of the lunate in the corresponding plane from the ulna to the radius. 2) A total of 9 sets of data were collected for evaluating the palmar lateral spacing, median spacing, and dorsal lateral spacing at the distal, middle, and proximal levels of the radius.Results: In the study, 9 sets of data were obtained. And the data of self-matching of the coronal structural of distal radius was also obtained, was 45.0%±16.2%. The P values in the above data were all greater than 0.05, showing no statistical significance. Finally, data of coronal bone structural matching of distal radius in 80 normal adults were obtained. Conclusions: Our study refines the anatomical data of the degree of coronal bone structural matching of the distal radius in a normal population. To explore the relationship between coronal alignment and function in cases of distal radius fracture, a standardized approach was established. Thin- film CT may help diagnose patients with dysplasia around the lunate and radioulnar joint that is difficult to diagnose on MRI.
Fate simulation and risk assessment of TBT and TPhT considering water level fluctuations in the TGR before and after AFS Convention implementation in China
Authors: Gao Jun-min , Fu Ping-ting , Chen Xiao-ling , Guo Jin-song , Hou Xian-yu , Zeng Jie , Chen Zhu-man
Published: January 2020

Background: The Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) is the largest freshwater reservoir in China. Previous studies showed that organotin pollution is present in the TGR. In June 2011, the AFS Convention went into effect in China. In order to explore the pollution evolution processes of tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) before and after implementation of the AFS Convention and their variations with water level fluctuations in the TGR, the characteristic parameters of the TGR and the physicochemical parameters of TBT and TPhT were used to develop a level IV multimedia fugacity model considering water level fluctuations to simulate the fate, transfer, and transport of TBT and TPhT in the TGR. Based on the simulation results, exposure concentrations of TBT and TPhT were then used to assess the ecological and health risks in the TGR region (TGRR). Results: The simulation results showed that the average concentrations of both TBT and TPhT decreased in all compartments except the sediment, whereas the total content of the system continued to increase after the AFS Convention was implemented. The concentration of TBT in the sediment was higher than that in fish, while the concentration of TPhT in fish was much greater than that in the sediment. The total contents of both TBT and TPhT were highest in the sediment phase. In addition, variations in water level of the TGR significantly affected the distribution and transport of TBT and TPhT in the TGR.Conclusions: Sediment is an important source and sink of TBT and TPhT, and the water level regulation of the TGR strengthened the two roles of sediment. Both TBT and TPhT in surface water, but especially TBT, carried significant chronic exposure risks to the aquatic community of the TGR. Intake of TPhT, mainly through eating fish, posed a potential health risk to the population in the TGRR.
Enhanced soil aggregate stability limits colloidal phosphorus loss potentials in agricultural systems
Authors: Li Fayong , LIANG XINQIANG , Li Hua , Jin Yingbin , Jin Junwei , He Miaomiao , Klumpp Erwin , Bol Roland
Published: January 2020

Background: Colloid-facilitated phosphorus (P) transport is recognized as an important pathway for the loss of soil P in agricultural systems; however, information regarding soil aggregate-associated colloidal P (Pcoll) is lacking. To elucidate the effects of aggregate size on the potential loss of Pcoll in agricultural systems, soils (0–20 cm depth) from six land-use types were sampled in the Zhejiang province in the Yangtze River Delta region, China. The aggregate size fractions (2–8 mm, 0.26–2 mm, 0.053–0.26 mm and <0.053 mm) were separated using the wet sieving method. Colloidal P and other soil parameters in aggregates were analyzed.
Results: Our study demonstrated that 0.26–2 mm small macroaggregates had the highest total P (TP) content. In acidic soils, the highest Pcoll content was observed in the 0.26–2 mm sized aggregate, while the lowest was reported in the <0.053 mm (silt+clay)-sized particles, the opposite of that revealed in alkaline and neutral soils. Paddy soils contained less Pcoll than other land-use types. The proportion of Pcoll in total dissolved P (TDP) was dominated by <0.053 mm (silt+clay)-sized particles. Aggregate size strongly influenced the loss potential of Pcoll in paddy soils, where Pcoll contributed up to 83% TDP in the silt+clay sized particles. The Pcoll content was positively correlated with TP, Al, Fe, and the mean weight diameter. Aggregate-associated total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), C/P, and C/N had significant negative effects on the contribution of Pcoll to potential soil P loss. The Pcoll content of the aggregates was controlled by the aggregate-associated TP and Al content, as well as the soil pH value. The potential loss of Pcoll from aggregates was controlled by its organic matter content.
Conclusion: We concluded that management practices that increase soil aggregate stability or its organic carbon content will limit Pcoll loss in agricultural systems.
Impact of continuous Kangaroo Mother Care initiated immediately after birth (iKMC) on survival of newborns with birth weight between 1.0 to <1.8 kg: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Group WHO Immediate KMC Study , Bahl Rajiv
Published: January 2020

Background: Globally about 15% of newborns are born with a low birth weight (LBW), as a result of preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction or both. Up to 70% of neonatal deaths occur in this group within the first three days after birth. Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) applied after stabilization of the infant, has shown to reduce mortality by 40% among hospitalized infants with birth weight <2.0 kg. In these studies, infants were randomized and KMC initiated after about three days of age, by when the majority of neonatal deaths would have already occurred. The aim of this trial is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of continuous KMC initiated as soon as possible after birth compared to the current recommendation of initiating continuous KMC after stabilization in neonates with birth weight between 1.0 and <1.8 kg. Methods: This randomized controlled trial is being conducted in tertiary care hospitals in five low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. All pregnant women admitted in these hospitals for childbirth are being pre-screened. After delivery, all neonates with birth weight between 1.0 and <1.8 kg are being screened for enrolment. Eligible infants are randomized into intervention and control groups. The intervention consists of continuous skin-to-skin contact initiated as soon as possible after birth, promotion and support for early exclusive breastfeeding, and provision of health care for mother and baby with as little separation as possible. This efficacy trial will primarily evaluate the impact of KMC started immediately after birth on neonatal death (between enrolment and 72 hours of age, and deaths between enrolment and 28 days of age), and other key outcomes. Discussion : This is the first large multi-country trial studying immediate KMC in low- and middle-income countries. Implementation of this intervention has already resulted in an important enhancement of the paradigm shift in LMIC settings in which mothers are not separated from their baby in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU). The findings of this trial will not only have future global implications on how the LBW newborns are cared for immediately after birth, but also for the dissemination of designing NICUs according to the “Mother-Newborn Intensive Care Unit (M-NICU) model.” Trial registration : Clinical Trials Registry India (CTRI)- CTRI/2018/08/01536 (retrospectively registered); Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) - ACTRN12618001880235 (retrospectively registered). https://anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12618001880235.aspx Funding: The study is funded by a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to the World Health Organization (Grant agreement OPP1151718) Keywords : Immediate Kangaroo Mother Care (iKMC), low birth weight babies, mortality, skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding, mother-neonatal intensive care unit (M-NICU)
Downhill running increases bone mass accumulation and bone tissue morphology through TGF- β /Smad pathway in mice
Authors: Chen Xianghe , Sun Peng , Chen Aiguo , Peng Haixia , Zhang Xianliang , Yang Kang , Yu Huilin , Zhao Renqing
Published: January 2020

Background: Compelling evidence has demonstrated that impact exercise can help to accumulate more bone mass. However, the cellular mechanism is less clear. The current study aimed to examine the effects of downhill running on osteoblast formation and the ability of mineralization in mice. The expression of transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b)/Smad pathway molecules was also determined. Methods: Twenty-eight 4-week-old C57BL/6 female mice were randomly assigned to either downhill running group (DG) or control group (CG). DG mice received a daily forty-minute downhill training on a decline treadmill (9 o decline) for 8 weeks. Eight weeks later, all mice were killed. Bone marrow stromal cells were collected and cultured for assessment of osteoblastic differentiation and the capacity of osteoblastic mineralization. We determined the protein (Western Blot) and mRNA (RT-PCR) expression of TGF-b, p-Smad2/3/4, and Runx2 in bone tissue. The bone mineral density (BMD) and histomorphological changes were also examined. Results: Eight-week training significantly increased bone mineral density (BMD) and enhanced the expression of alkaline phosphatase positive (ALP + ) osteoblasts in tibia epiphysis. Downhill running also promoted bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), while it decreased the trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). Additionally, the numbers of alkaline phosphatase positive colony forming units-fibroblastic (ALP ＋ CFU-f) cells and the area of mineralized nodule formation were significantly higher in training group compared with the control group. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of TGF-b, Smad2, Smad3, Smad4 and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) were significantly elevated by downhill training, and the protein expression of p-Smad2, p-Smad3, p-Smad4 and Runx2 also increased in exercise group. Conclusion: The findings suggested that downhill running enhanced bone accrual in mice mainly by promoting osteoblastic differentiation and the ability of mineralization. The beneficial changes partly be regulated by TGF-b/Smad signaling pathway.
Determining mutational burden and signature using RNA-seq from tumor-only samples
Authors: Jessen Erik , Liu Yuanhang , Davila Jaime , Kocher Jean-Pierre , Wang Chen
Published: January 2020

Background: Traditionally, mutational burden and mutational signatures have been assessed by tumor-normal pair DNA sequencing. The requirement of having both normal and tumor samples is not always feasible from a clinical perspective, and led us to investigate the efficacy of using RNA sequencing of only the tumor sample to determine the mutational burden and signatures, and subsequently molecular cause of the cancer. The potential advantages include reducing the cost of testing, and simultaneously providing information on the gene expression profile and gene fusions present in the tumor.Results: In this study, we devised supervised and unsupervised learning methods to determine mutational signatures from tumor RNA-seq data. As applications, we applied the methods to a training set of 587 TCGA uterine cancer RNAseq samples, and examined in an independent testing set of xxx TCGA colorectal cancer RNAseq samples. Both diseases are known associated with microsatellite instable high (MSI-H) and driver defects in DNA polymerase ɛ (POLɛ). From RNAseq called variants, we found majority (>95%) are likely germline variants, leading to C>T enriched germline variants (dbSNP) widely applicable in tumor and normal RNAseq samples. We found significant associations between RNA-derived mutational burdens and MSI/POLɛ status, and insignificant relationship between RNAseq total coverage and derived mutational burdens. Additionally we found that over 80% of variants could be explained by using the COSMIC mutational signature-5, -6 and -10, which are implicated in natural aging, MSI-H, and POLɛ, respectively. For classifying tumor type, within UCEC we achieved a recall of 0.56 and 0.78, and specificity of 0.66 and 0.99 for MSI and POLɛ respectively. By applying learnt RNA signatures from UCEC to COAD, we were able to improve our classification of both MSI and POLɛ. Conclusions: Taken together, our work provides a novel method to detect RNAseq derived mutational signatures with effective procedures to remove likely germline variants. It can leads to accurate classification of underlying driving mechanisms of DNA damage deficiency.
Characterization of Clostridium novyi isolated from a sow in a sudden death case in Korea
Authors: Kim Won-Il , Jeong Chang-Gi , Seo Byoung-Joo , Nazki Salik , Jung Byung Kwon , Khatun Amina , Yang Myeon-Sik , Kim Seung-Chai , Noh Sang-Hyun , Shin Jae-Ho , Kim Bumseok
Published: January 2020

Background Multifocal spherical nonstaining cavities and gram-positive, rod-shaped, and endospore-forming bacteria were found in the liver of a sow that died suddenly. Clostridium novyi type B was identified and isolated from the sudden death case and the isolate was characterized by molecular analyses and bioassays in the current study. Results C. novyi was isolated from the liver and was confirmed as C. novyi type B by differential PCR. The C. novyi isolate fermented glucose and maltose and demonstrated lecithinase activity, and the cell-free culture supernatant of the C. novyi isolate exhibited cytotoxicity toward Vero cells, demonstrating that the isolate produces toxins. In addition, whole-genome sequencing of the C. novyi isolate was performed, and the complete sequences of the chromosome (2.29 Mbp) and two plasmids (134 and 68 kbp) were identified for the first time. Based on genome annotation, 7 genes were identified as glycosyltransferases, which are known as alpha toxins; 23 genes were found to be related to sporulation; 12 genes were found to be related to germination; and 20 genes were found to be related to chemotaxis. Conclusion C. novyi type B was isolated from a sow in a sudden death case and confirmed by biochemical and molecular characterization. Various virulence-associated genes were identified for the first time based on whole-genome sequencing.
WITHDRAWN: Secretion of IFN-γ in goat mammary epithelial cells reduce the mastitis infection risk
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhang Hongyan , Dong Shasha , Li Boyu , Ma Weiming , Ge Lijiang , Hu Zhiyong , Su Feng
Published: January 2020

Background: Mastitis results in great economic loss to the dairy goat industry. Many approaches have attempted to decrease the morbidity associated with this disease, and among these, transgenic strategies have been recognized as a crucial development. A previous mammalian study reports that interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) has potential anti-bacterial bioactivity against infection in vitro; however, its capacity in vivo is ambiguous. Results: In this study, we first constructed targeting and homologous recombination vectors (containing the IFN-γ gene) and then transferred the vectors into goat mammary gland epithelial cells (GMECs). Enzyme digestion and sequencing analysis indicated that the vectors used in this study were built correctly. Subsequently, monoclonal cells were selected using puromycin and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test indicated that IFN-γ was correctly inserted downstream of the casein promoter. Monoclonal cells were then assessed for reducible expression, and reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot tests confirmed that monoclonal cells could express IFN-γ. Finally, anti-bacterial capacity was evaluated using bacterial counts and flow cytometry analysis. Decreased bacterial counts and cell apoptosis rates in transgenic GMECs demonstrated that the secretion of IFN-γ could inhibit bacterial proliferation and reduce the risk of mammary infection in goats. Conclusions: Secretion of IFN-γ could inhibit bacterial proliferation and reduce the risk of mammary infection in goats.
A Cross-Sectional Examination of the Association Between Co-ed and Gender-Specific School Intramural Programs and Intramural Participation Among a Sample of Canadian Secondary School Students
Authors: Williams Gillian , Burns Kathleen E , Battista Kate , de Groh Margaret , Jiang Ying , Leatherdale Scott T.
Published: January 2020

Background Intramurals are an important part of the physical activity offerings in secondary schools; however, it is not well understood how co-ed and gender-specific intramural programs impact intramural participation among male and female students. Therefore, the objective of this research was to examine if the number of co-ed, male-only, and female-only intramurals offered at a school was associated with student participation in intramurals. Methods A large sample of Canadian secondary school students (N=60,635) completed the COMPASS survey in 2017-2018. School staff reported the number of co-ed, male-only, and female-only intramurals offered at each school. Students reported whether they participated in school intramurals. Hierarchical models were used to assess associations. Results Intramural participation was marginally higher among male students (36%) than female students (32%; p<.0001). Female students attending schools that offered female-only intramurals were 17% (OR 1.17 [95% CI: 1.05-1.30]) more likely to participate. The number of co-ed and male-only intramurals offered were not significantly associated with student participation. Conclusions We found a positive association between offering female-only intramurals and female intramural participation, highlighting the importance of these programs for female students. Offering female-only intramurals may be a way for schools to improve participation and physical activity levels of female students. More research is needed on the impact of specific sports or activities on male and female student participation.
VDR Pathway-Specific Dose-Related Effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on Salmonella typhimurium-induced Mouse Colitis
Authors: Qiu Fubin , Zhang Lijuan , Li Chunyan , Zhang Ying , Zhang Xiaoyan
Published: January 2020

Background: Whether and how 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation influences VDRs in experimental mice with colitis remains to be seen. To explore the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on S. typhimurium colitis through the VDR pathway and to discover the role of VDR in its action. Methods: We established a mouse UC model induced by S. typhimurium. After streptococcal typhus infection, the mice were fasted for 12 hours. Blood was collected by the eyeball extraction method, and then sacrificed by cervical dislocation, specimens were collected for corresponding indicators. Results: Mice exposed to S. typhimurium infection developed signs of acute colitis. After HE staining were performed on the diseased colons from the mice. high dose VD supplementation, the pathological colonic damage did not improve in the mice, and there was no statistical difference between the groups with VD deficiency (P>0.05). VDR expression in the UC group treated with Salmonella was higher than that in the control group, a statistically significant difference (P<0.01). Compared with the VDD+UC group, VDR expression rose in both the LVDS+UC group and the HVDS+UC group, with VDR protein expression being highest after high dose VD supplementation (P<0.01). Compared with the control and the UC groups, the VDR mRNA expression level in the VDD+UC group was significantly higher, and the colon VDR mRNA expression level decreased after active VD supplementation (Fig.7C). Conclusions: Our data suggest the need for defining the accurate 1,25(OH)2D3 dose limits that induce an anti-inflammatory effect as current data indicate that higher doses would produce an inflammatory response.