bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Producer firms, technology diffusion and spillovers to local suppliers: Examining the effects of Foreign Direct Investment and the technology gap
Authors: Jordaan Jacob A
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we conduct a detailed examination of the effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and the technology gap on local technology dissemination and spillovers. Using unique firm level data from surveys among FDI firms and domestic producer firms and a random sample of their suppliers in the North East of Mexico, we present new evidence showing that the effects of FDI and the technology gap are multi-faceted. FDI firms are significantly more involved in technology transfers. Their suppliers are more likely to experience positive spillovers, even when we control for the support that they receive. A large technology gap has a negative effect on technology diffusion. However, suppliers of FDI firms are more likely to receive several types of technology transfer when the technology gap with their client firms is large. As for local spillovers, we find that a large technology gap fosters positive spillovers, especially among suppliers of FDI firms and among those suppliers that are best suited to absorb new technologies.
“Thoracic migraine” as a new manifestation of migraine: Case report
Authors: Kraya Torsten , Mages Stephan , Zierz Stephan
Published: September 2017

Background and objectives

Abdominal pain is a well-known headache-associated symptom in migraine in children, but rarely in adults. We describe a case of a female patient with typical accompanying migraine symptoms without headache but with thoracic pain.

Case report

The present case of a 41 year-old-woman shows recurrent attacks with thoracic pain and typical accompanying migraine symptoms but without headache. Symptoms resolved upon treatment with triptans and beta blockers.

Discussion

This case might be interpreted as “thoracic migraine”, and extends the spectrum of migraine forms.

Conclusion

In patients with facial pain secondary to lung cancer, an anatomical connection between the vagal nerve, the nucleus tractus solitarii, the jugular ganglion and trigeminal system has been suggested. The present case might be an analogy to this explanation.
Return to Play and Outcomes in Baseball Players After Superior Labral Anterior-Posterior Repairs
Authors: Gilliam Brad D. , Douglas Lonnie , Fleisig Glenn S. , Aune Kyle T. , Mason Kylie A. , Dugas Jeffrey R. , Cain E. Lyle , Ostrander Roger V. , Andrews James R.
Published: September 2017

Background:

Few studies have documented the outcomes of superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) repairs in baseball players. Furthermore, the results of these previous studies varied widely and were based on small numbers of patients.

Hypothesis/Purpose:

The purpose was to report return-to-play (RTP) rates and validated subjective outcome scores for baseball players after SLAP repair. It was hypothesized that RTP rates and outcomes would be significantly different between pitchers and nonpitchers, as well as among baseball levels.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A series of 216 baseball players was identified who had isolated SLAP repair or SLAP repair with debridement of partial-thickness (<25%) rotator cuff tear at our surgical centers. Patients were contacted by phone a minimum of 2 years after surgery and asked questions about their ability to RTP. Patients were also asked questions to complete the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI), Veteran’s RAND 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12), and Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) questionnaires. Statistical equivalence in RTP rate, VR-12, and WOSI scores was determined between players with and without concomitant rotator cuff debridement using 2 one-sided tests and risk difference measures. Differences in RTP were tested among baseball levels (high school, college, professional) and positions (pitcher vs nonpitcher) using chi-square analyses ( P < .05). Differences in outcomes scores were compared using t tests and analyses of variance ( P < .05).

Results:

Of the 216 baseball players, 133 were reached by phone for follow-up interview (mean, 78 months; range, 27-146 months). Overall, 62% successfully returned to play. There were no differences in RTP rates or subjective outcomes among baseball levels or between procedures. RTP rates were 59% for pitchers and 76% for nonpitchers ( P = .060). Subjectively, the percentage of patients who felt the same or better at follow-up compared to preinjury was significantly higher among nonpitchers (66%) than pitchers (43%). There was no difference in KJOC scores between the pitchers (75.3 ± 19.4) and nonpitchers (76.2 ± 17.4) who successfully returned to play, although these scores were well below the minimum desired score of 90 for healthy baseball players.

Conclusion:

SLAP repair should continue to be considered as an option for SLAP tear treatment only after nonsurgical management has failed. Some players may be able to return to baseball after SLAP repair, although regaining preinjury health and performance is challenging.
Concussion Nondisclosure During Professional Career Among a Cohort of Former National Football League Athletes
Authors: Kerr Zachary Y. , Register-Mihalik Johna K. , Kay Melissa C. , DeFreese J.D. , Marshall Stephen W. , Guskiewicz Kevin M.
Published: September 2017

Background:

Despite a focus on the incidence and effects of concussion, nondisclosure of sports-related concussions among retired players from the National Football League (NFL) has yet to be examined.

Purpose:

Examine the prevalence of and factors associated with nondisclosure of sports-related concussions in former NFL athletes.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A sample of 829 former NFL players completed a general health survey. This historical cohort included players who had played before World War II to 2001. Respondents retrospectively recalled sports-related concussions that they sustained during their professional careers and whether at least one of these sports-related concussions was not reported to medical staff. We computed the prevalence of nondisclosure among those recalling sport-related concussions during their professional careers. Multivariable binomial regression estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) controlling for race/ethnicity, number of years played, primary position played, professional career concussion history, and playing era. Playing era was categorized by whether the majority of a player’s career was before or after a 1976 rule change to limit contact (“spearing”).

Results:

Overall, 417 (50.3%) respondents reported they had sustained a concussion and did not inform medical staff at least once during their professional playing career. Nonwhite respondents had a higher prevalence of nondisclosure than white/non-Hispanic respondents (adjusted PR = 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02-1.38). An interaction between professional career concussion history and playing era was also found ( P = .08). Compared with those in the pre–spearing rule change group with 1 or 2 concussions, all other groups had larger prevalences of nondisclosure (increases ranging from 41% to 153% in multivariable models). Across concussion strata, nondisclosure prevalence was generally higher in the post–spearing rule change group than the pre–spearing rule change group, with the largest differences found among those with 1 or 2 concussions or those with 3 or 4 concussions.

Conclusion:

A large proportion of former NFL players in this historical cohort reported at least one instance of not disclosing sports-related concussions to medical staff. Future research on concussion nondisclosure needs to identify mechanisms to improve football players’ intentions to disclose concussion-related symptoms to health care providers and to equip health care providers with more effective strategies for timely identification of concussion.
Arthroscopic Single-Row Versus Double-Row Suture Bridge Technique for Rotator Cuff Tears in Patients Younger Than 55 Years: A Prospective Comparative Study
Authors: Hantes Michael E. , Ono Yohei , Raoulis Vasilios A. , Doxariotis Nikolaos , Venouziou Aaron , Zibis Aristidis , Vlychou Marianna
Published: September 2017

Background:

When arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is performed on a young patient, long-lasting structural and functional tendon integrity is desired. A fixation technique that potentially provides superior tendon healing should be considered for the younger population to achieve long-term clinical success.

Hypothesis/Purpose:

The purpose was to compare the radiological and clinical midterm results between single-row and double-row (ie, suture bridge) fixation techniques for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in patients younger than 55 years. We hypothesized that a double-row technique would lead to improved tendon healing, resulting in superior mid- to long-term clinical outcomes.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A consecutive series of 66 patients younger than 55 years with a medium to large full-thickness tear of supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons who underwent arthroscopic single-row or double-row (ie, suture bridge) repair were enrolled and prospectively observed. Thirty-four and 32 patients were assigned to single-row and double-row groups, respectively. Postoperatively, tendon integrity was assessed by MRI following Sugaya’s classification at a minimum of 12 months, and clinical outcomes were assessed with the Constant score and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) score at a minimum of 2 years.

Results:

Mean follow-up time was 46 months (range, 28-50 months). A higher tendon healing rate was obtained in the double-row group compared with the single-row group (84% and 61%, respectively [ P < .05]). Although no difference in outcome scores was observed between the 2 techniques, patients with healed tendon demonstrated superior clinical outcomes compared with patients who had retorn tendon (UCLA score, 34.2 and 27.6, respectively [ P < .05]; Constant score, 94 and 76, respectively [ P < .05]).

Conclusion:

The double-row repair technique potentially provides superior tendon healing compared with the single-row technique. Double-row repair should be considered for patients younger than 55 years with medium to large rotator cuff tears.
Mediation in the shadow of an audience: How third parties use secrecy and agenda-setting to broker settlements
Authors: Ramirez Shawn L.
Published: September 2017

How does mediation work? Uncertainty is one of the main rationalist explanations for war. When a leader faces domestic pressure and mediation involves secrecy and agenda-setting, mediation by a third party in crisis bargaining can reduce the risk of war by reducing uncertainty and locking in concessions. As a result, mediation improves the prospects for peace at the price of costlier settlements, and should talks fail, the leader and her audience are more likely to win in any ensuing war. The theory holds implications for mediation, audience costs, and democracies in showing that an enemy with no audience costs can demonstrate resolve credibly in mediation. The argument is also closely related to the delegation literature, in showing that when a principal faces external pressure, she can reduce her risk of worse outcomes by delegating to an uninformed agent who, with considerable discretion, can extract credible information from an adversary.
Fuzzy logic control for a hydraulic hybrid excavator based on torque prediction and genetic algorithm optimization
Authors: Zhou Hua , Zhao Peng-Yu , Chen Ying-Long
Published: September 2017

Optimization of the control strategy, whose primary mission is to solve the problem associated with energy management, is an effective way to minimize the fuel consumption of the hydraulic hybrid excavator. As a widely used control strategy, fuzzy logic control can be adopted to realize suboptimal power split with robustness and adaptation, which is one of the most logical approaches for multidomain, nonlinear and time-varying plant. However, the membership functions are difficult to determine according to manual experiences; meanwhile, the optimization-based membership functions are difficult to utilize in real time control. This paper aims to improve the fuel consumption of a hydraulic hybrid excavator by proposing a fuzzy control strategy whose membership functions are optimized by the genetic algorithm, which considers predicted torque of the internal combustion engine (ICE) as a known quantity to realize real time control. The needed torque of the ICE is predicted by superposition of the previous torque. A fuzzy logic control strategy is then designed with membership functions optimized by the genetic algorithm according to the predicted needed torque to achieve better performance. Finally, a numerical experiment is carried out to verify the proposed control strategy.
Analytical and numerical investigations on the penetration of rigid projectiles into the foam core sandwich panels with aluminum face-sheets
Authors: Alavi Nia A , Kazemi M
Published: September 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the penetration of ballistic projectiles into the sandwich panels both analytically and numerically. Due to the complexity of the mathematical equations governing this phenomenon, very few analytical studies have been conducted in this area. Given the widespread use of sandwich panels consisting of metal face-sheets and metal foam core in aerospace industries, revisions are carried out on analytical method provided by Hoo Fatt et al. on polymer foam core and composite face-sheets sandwich panels. Then using the improved relations, the high speed impact of a cylindrical projectile on the sandwich panels with aluminum face-sheets and aluminum foam core with different density ratios has been discussed. Also, the penetration process is simulated and finally to evaluate the accuracy of the improved analytical method and simulations, the results are compared to the experimental data obtained from tests have been done on the panels with aluminum foam core and aluminum face-sheets. Results of the research show that the improved procedure and numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experiments.
Aero-thermal coupled through-flow method for cooled turbines with new cooling model
Authors: Ba Wei , Li Xuesong , Ren Xiaodong , Gu Chunwei
Published: September 2017

The aero-thermal–coupled phenomenon is significant in modern cooled turbines, and an aero-thermal coupled through-flow method has previously been developed by the authors for considering the influence of heat transfer and coolant mixing in through-flow design. However, the original cooling model is not capable of calculating the distribution of the coolant mass flow rate and pressure loss in complex cooling structures. Therefore, in this paper, a one-dimensional flow calculation for the internal coolant is introduced into the heat transfer calculation to further improve the through-flow cooling model. Based on various empirical correlations, the cooling model can be used to simulate different cooling structures, such as ribbed channels and cooling holes. Three operating conditions were selected for verification of the NASA-C3X vane, which has 10 internal radial cooling channels. The calculated Nusselt number of internal cooling channels strongly agrees with the experimental data, and the predicted blade surface pressure and temperature distributions at mid span are also in good agreement with the experimental data. The convergence history of the meridional velocity and blade surface temperature demonstrates effective convergence properties. Therefore, the aero-thermal–coupled through-flow method with the new cooling model can provide a reliable tool for cooled turbine through-flow design and analysis.
Risk of developing antiphospholipid antibodies following viral infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abdel-Wahab N , Talathi S , Lopez-Olivo M A , Suarez-Almazor M E
Published: September 2017

Objective

The objective of this paper is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the risk of developing elevated antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies and related thromboembolic and/or pregnancy events following a viral infection.

Method

We searched Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed ePubs, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through June 2016. Independent observational studies of elevated aPL antibodies in patients with a viral infection compared with controls or patients with lupus were included.

Results

We analyzed 73 publications for 60 studies. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were most commonly reported. Compared with healthy controls, patients with HIV were more likely to develop elevated anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies (risk ratio (RR) 10.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.6–19.4), as were those with HCV (RR 6.3, 95% CI 3.9–10.1), hepatitis B virus (HBV) (RR 4.2, 95% CI 1.8–9.5), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (RR 10.9 95% CI 5.4–22.2). The only statistically significant increased risk for anti-β2-glycoprotein I (anti-β2-GPI) antibodies was observed in patients with HCV (RR 4.8 95% CI 1.0–22.3). Compared with patients with lupus, patients with HIV were more likely to develop elevated aCL antibodies (RR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3–2.6), and those with EBV, elevated anti-β2-GPI antibodies (RR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3–3.9). Thromboembolic events were most prevalent in patients with elevated aPL antibodies who had HCV (9.1%, 95% CI 3.0–18.1), and HBV (5.9%, 95% CI 2.0–11.9) infections, and pregnancy events were most prevalent in those with parvovirus B19 (16.3%, 95% CI 0.78–45.7). However, compared to virus-infected patients with negative aPL antibodies, the only statistically significant increased risk was observed in those with HCV and positive aPL.

Conclusions

Viral infection can increase the risk of developing elevated aPL antibodies and associated thromboembolic events. Results are contingent on the reported information.
Claiming the Basileia ton Rhomaion
Authors: Van Tricht Filip
Published: September 2017

In April 1204, the army of the Fourth Crusade captured Constantinople. For the leading princes, it was self-evident that they would install an imperator of their own in the Queen of Cities. Their choice fell on Baldwin IX/VI, count of Flanders/Hainault. In this contribution, we aim to analyse how Baldwin and his successors saw their emperorship, and how they and their empire were seen by others in Byzantium and the West. The current historiographical term, ‘Latin Empire of Constantinople’, reflects the prevailing view that an entirely new political construct had been set up replacing the former Byzantine Empire. However, contemporaries, both the emperors themselves as well as outsiders, consistently referred to the empire using both Latin and Greek terms that, prior to 1204, had been commonly employed to refer to the Byzantine Empire. Yet eastern and western conceptions of the nature of the empire before 1204 differed greatly: it was ‘Greek’ in Latin eyes, ‘Roman’ in Byzantine eyes. The Constantinopolitan imperial crown having been placed on his head, Baldwin became heir to these conflicting traditions. Moreover, rival imperial claims soon arose within the Byzantine space in neighbouring Byzantine successor states. In the face of these challenges, the Latin emperors strove to formulate a political ideology legitimising their claim to imperial rule. We will argue that in essence the successive Latin emperors adopted, up to a point, the key tenets of Byzantine imperial theory (Roman character, universalism, emperors as vicars of Christ and autocracy). Their western background and their different relationship with the West led to certain changes, but whether these should be seen as fundamentally un-Byzantine is not self-evident. Conversely, the presence of the now Latin rulers on the Constantinopolitan throne also led to changes in the western perception of the eastern empire.
Driving Brand Value Through CSR Initiatives: An Empirical Study in Indian Perspective
Authors: Singh Anupam , Verma Priyanka
Published: September 2017

Can corporate social responsibility (CSR) be a source of competitive advantage and value creation for the firm? This is a sort of question that frequently comes into the minds of many managers, CEOs and business leaders. To address this question, the study aims to examine the effect of CSR initiatives on brand value. A self-administered questionnaire was designed to get empirical data. The proposed study of this article uses structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypotheses. Findings of the study show that CSR initiatives have a positive impact on brand value through mediating effects of enhanced brand image and brand loyalty. Findings suggest that managers need to understand that CSR is an opportunity to drive better organizational value and hence it should be incorporated at all operational levels.
HRM and Employee Engagement Link: Mediating Role of Employee Well-being
Authors: Sivapragasam P. , Raya R. P.
Published: September 2017

The debate concerning the link between human resource management (HRM) and employee level as well as organizational outcomes has reached an interesting crossroads. While studies continue to demonstrate a relationship between financial success and the organization’s commitment to management practices that support people’s goals and treat people as assets, yet in reality, the focus on achieving short-term financial performance has obscured the consideration of people-oriented goals. Given the centrality of HRM practices to organizational success, this study reports the results of a survey conducted among 626 knowledge professionals working in IT companies in Chennai city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The study found statistically significant relationship between HRM practices and employee-level outcomes such as perceived efficacy, engagement and employee well-being, where employee well-being plays a mediating role. The implications of the findings of the theory and practice of HRM have been discussed.
The Turn of the Month Effect in Asia-Pacific Markets: New Evidence
Authors: Aziz Tariq , Ansari Valeed Ahmad
Published: September 2017

A predictable pattern in equity returns based on the calendar time is dubbed as calendar anomaly. The prevalence of calendar anomalies is considered evidence against the efficient market hypothesis. This article examines one of the most important calendar anomalies, the turn-of-the-month (TOM) effect, in 12 major Asia-Pacific markets during the period January 2000 to April 2015, using both parametric and non-parametric tests. Under investigation, 11 out of 12 markets exhibit significant TOM effects that are independent of the turn-of-the-year (TOY) effect. Moreover, these effects are not present during the period of financial crisis. The persistence of the TOM effect in these markets, even after a quarter of a century of its initial reporting, is a puzzle which needs an explanation.
VPA does not enhance platinum binding to DNA in cisplatin-resistant neuroblastoma cancer cells
Authors: Raudenska Martina , Krejcova Ludmila , Richtera Lukas , Heger Zbynek , Hrabeta Jan , Eckschlager Tomas , Stiborova Marie , Adam Vojtech , Kratochvilova Monika , Masarik Michal , Gumulec Jaromir
Published: September 2017

Neuroblastoma represents a malignancy of the sympathetic nervous system characteristic by biological heterogeneity. Thus, chemotherapy exhibits only low effectivity in curing high-risk forms. Previous studies revealed the cytotoxic potential of valproate on neuroblastoma cells. Nevertheless, these studies omitted effects of hypoxia, despite its undeniable tumorigenic role. In this study, we addressed the question whether valproate promotes binding of platinum-based anti-cancer drugs (cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin) to DNA and role of hypoxia, cellular antioxidant capacity and cisplatin resistance in this process. Following parameters differed significantly when cells were exposed to treatment with platinum-based drugs: elevation of platinum content bound to DNA, elevation of total thiol content, GSH/GSSG ratio, glutathione reductase and peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and elevation of antioxidant capacity. Hypoxia caused a decrease in cytosine/adenine peak, and no changes in platinum–DNA binding properties were observed. After valproate co-treatment, oxidative stress–related parameters and cytosine/adenine peak were only elevated. The amount of platinum bound to DNA was not changed significantly. Valproate is not able to enhance platinum binding to DNA in neuroblastoma cells, neither in case of intrinsic resistance (UKF-NB-4) nor in case of acquired resistance (UKF-NB-4CDDP). Therefore, another mechanism different from increase in platinum binding to DNA should be considered as a synergistic effect of valproate by cisplatin treatment.
Prognostic relevance of NG2/CSPG4, CD44 and Ki-67 in patients with glioblastoma
Authors: Tsidulko Alexandra Y , Kazanskaya Galina M , Kostromskaya Diana V , Aidagulova Svetlana V , Kiselev Roman S , Volkov Alexandr M , Kobozev Vyacheslav V , Gaitan Alexei S , Krivoshapkin Alexei L , Grigorieva Elvira V
Published: September 2017

Neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2, also known as CSPG4) and hyaluronic acid receptor CD44 are chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans actively involved in brain development and its malignant transformation. Here, we aimed to compare prognostic significances of NG2, CD44 and Ki-67 expression in glioblastoma multiforme patients. Totally, 45 tissue samples and 83 paraffin-embedded tissues for 75 patients were analysed. The prognostic values of the genes were analysed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Grade III gliomas showed 2-fold difference in NG2 expression between anaplastic astrocytoma and oligoastrocytoma (10.1 ± 3.5 and 25.5 ± 14.5, respectively). For grade IV gliomas, upregulated NG2 expression (21.0 ± 6.8) was associated with poor glioblastoma multiforme prognosis (overall survival < 12 months) compared with glioblastoma multiforme patients with good prognosis (4.4 ± 3.2; overall survival > 12 months). Multivariate survival analysis using Cox proportional hazards model confirmed that high NG2 expression was associated with low survival of the patients (hazard ratio: 3.43; 95% confidence interval: 1.18–9.93; p = 0.02), whereas age (hazard ratio: 1.02; 95% confidence interval: 0.96–1.09; p = 0.42), tumour resection (hazard ratio: 1.03; 95% confidence interval: 0.98–1.08; p = 0.25) and sex (hazard ratio: 0.62; 95% confidence interval: 0.21–1.86; p = 0.40) did not show significant association with prognosis. Although the positive correlation was shown for NG2 and CD44 expression in the glioblastomas (Pearson coefficient = 0.954), Kaplan–Meier and multivariate survival analyses did not revealed a significant association of the increased CD44 expression (hazard ratio: 2.18; 95% confidence interval: 0.50–9.43; p = 0.30) or high Ki-67 proliferation index (hazard ratio: 1.10; 95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.20; p = 0.02) with the disease prognosis. The results suggest that upregulation of NG2/CSPG4 rather than changes in CD44 or Ki-67 expression is associated with low overall survival in glioblastoma multiforme patients, supporting NG2/CSPG4 as a potential prognostic marker in glioblastoma.
High endothelin-converting enzyme-1 expression independently predicts poor survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wu Ching-Fang , Lee Ching-Tai , Kuo Yao-Hung , Chen Tzu-Haw , Chang Chi-Yang , Chang I-Wei , Wang Wen-Lun
Published: September 2017

Patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma have poor survival and high recurrence rate, thus an effective prognostic biomarker is needed. Endothelin-converting enzyme-1 is responsible for biosynthesis of endothelin-1, which promotes growth and invasion of human cancers. The role of endothelin-converting enzyme-1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is still unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the significance of endothelin-converting enzyme-1 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma clinically. We enrolled patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who provided pretreated tumor tissues. Tumor endothelin-converting enzyme-1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and was defined as either low or high expression. Then we evaluated whether tumor endothelin-converting enzyme-1 expression had any association with clinicopathological findings or predicted survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Overall, 54 of 99 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma had high tumor endothelin-converting enzyme-1 expression, which was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis ( p = 0.04). In addition, tumor endothelin-converting enzyme-1 expression independently predicted survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and the 5-year survival was poorer in patients with high tumor endothelin-converting enzyme-1 expression ( p = 0.016). Among patients with locally advanced and potentially resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (stage II and III), 5-year survival was poorer with high tumor endothelin-converting enzyme-1 expression ( p = 0.003). High tumor endothelin-converting enzyme-1 expression also significantly predicted poorer survival of patients in this population. In patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, high tumor endothelin-converting enzyme-1 expression might indicate high tumor invasive property. Therefore, tumor endothelin-converting enzyme-1 expression could be a good biomarker to identify patients with worse survival and higher risks of recurrence, who might benefit from the treatment by endothelin-converting enzyme-1 inhibitor.
Gamified Modules for an Introductory Statistics Course and Their Impact on Attitudes and Learning
Authors: Smith Tamarah
Published: September 2017

Background. The theory of gamified learning (Landers, 2014) posits that gamified approaches positively impact students’ attitudes, and in turn this change in attitudes impacts learning; however, research is needed to examine the role of attitude change in gamified approaches (Seaborn & Fels, 2014). A strong negative relationship between students’ attitudes towards statistics and their performance in statistics has been well documented. The need to help students have positive attitudes towards statistics, and therefore be more likely to achieve in the course, makes using gamified learning, which targets attitudes, an ideal domain to test the effects of gamification on attitudes.

Methods. The aim in this quasi-experimental study was to examine the ability of gamified modules in a statistics course to have positive impacts on learning and attitudes towards statistics. Students in the experimental group were compared to previous cohorts completing the same course, but without the gamified exercises as well as published results from a large cohort of comparable students.

Results. The attitudes of cognitive competence, affect, value and perceived difficulty were all positively impacted after completing the gamified exercises. The experimental group also had large effects of test performance one semester after completing the course.

Conclusion. In line with the theory of gamified learning, these findings suggested that the gamified modules were successful in shifting students’ attitudes in a positive direction and subsequently increasing performance. Future studies should introduce randomization between students and examine the specific pathways between attitudes and performance.
Toward a “Pedagogy of Reinvention”: Memory Work, Collective Biography, Self-Study, and Family
Authors: Clift Bryan C. , Clift Renée T.
Published: September 2017

In this article, we illustrate how we have drawn on the methodology of collective biography as a way to inform our teaching practices. Collective biography offers a strategy for retrieving and reworking memories/experiences that can be used to understand subjectivity. In doing so, we utilize this work on our memories, experiences, and subjectivities as we engage in the self-study of education practice. Seeking to incorporate embodied, familial, emotional, temporal, contextual, and cognitive interpretations of past and present, we aim to make our pasts useable for our futures. We discuss the ways in which memory, experience, and reinterpretations of both as interplays among past, present, and context contribute to our reinvention of teaching practices.
Can ethanol intoxication secondary to docetaxel be predicted based on dose administered using a point-of-care saliva ethanol test?
Authors: Cheng Serena , Awad Nadia I , Toomey Kathleen C , Gibson Zinasia , Chari Venai , Brunetti Luigi
Published: September 2017

Background

The Food and Drug Administration issued a drug safety alert highlighting the potential association of docetaxel infusion with signs and symptoms of alcohol intoxication. This concern is significant because patients treated with docetaxel often have comorbidities and are prescribed concomitant centrally active medications. As a result, these patients may be at risk for iatrogenic events.

Objective

The objective of this study was to identify a correlation with docetaxel infusion and saliva ethanol concentration using a point-of-care ethanol test.

Methods

In this pilot study, ethanol concentrations were measured using a validated saliva ethanol test in patients receiving intravenous docetaxel as part of their chemotherapy regimen. Both ethanol dose and infusion rate were calculated based on the amount of the specific docetaxel product administered. Saliva ethanol concentrations were measured at baseline, immediately after infusion completion, and at 30 and 60 min postinfusion.

Results

A total of 17 patients were included in the analysis. The mean ethanol dose administered was 2.6 ± 0.5 g of ethanol per infusion of docetaxel with a mean infusion rate of 3.2 ± 0.7 ml of ethanol per hour. At baseline, immediately after infusion, and 30 and 60 min postinfusion, all patients had a saliva ethanol test result of 0 mg/dl.

Conclusion

Based on this small pilot study, the prediction of patients who will experience ethanol intoxication using a point-of-care saliva ethanol test based on the docetaxel dose administered is challenging. This observation requires confirmation in larger and more heterogeneous populations.
Effect of body position on intraocular pressure in clinically normal cats
Authors: Selk Ghaffari Masoud , Arman Gherekhloo Ahoora
Published: September 2017

Objectives

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of body position on intraocular pressure in clinically normal cats.

Methods

Sixteen clinically normal cats without any ocular abnormalities were used in this study. Cats were sequentially placed in three different recumbency positions (sternal recumbency, right lateral recumbency and dorsal position). For each of the three body positions, intraocular pressure (IOP) was recorded in the left eye using a Tono-Pen Vet tonometer (Reichert).

Results

Mean IOP readings in cats in the sternal recumbency, right lateral recumbency and dorsal positions were 15.6 ± 4.1, 16.6 ± 6.4 and 18.6 ± 6.8 mmHg, respectively. A significant increase was observed in IOP in cats in the dorsal position compared with the IOP observed in cats in sternal recumbency ( P = 0.01) and right lateral recumbency ( P = 0.04). There was no significant difference between the IOP recorded in the lateral recumbency and sternal recumbency ( P = 0.17) positions.

Conclusions and relevance

Body position has a significant effect on the IOP of cats. IOP increases when cats are placed in dorsal recumbency.
Damage evolution in VARTM-based carbon fiber vinyl ester marine composites and sea water effects
Authors: Siriruk Akawut , Woracek Robin , Puplampu Stephen B , Penumadu Dayakar
Published: September 2017

Carbon fiber-reinforced vinyl ester composite facings are being considered by the US Navy for sandwich structures with either low-density polyvinyl chloride foam or balsa wood as the core materials manufactured using Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding process. In this paper, experimental techniques are developed to evaluate the variation of surface strain spatially using three-dimensional Digital Image Correlation technique and internal damage evolution using radiation-based tomography. Both X-ray and neutron radiation was utilized to evaluate the microstructure of composite laminate facings in three dimensions at high resolution. Since naval structures are exposed to harsh sea environment, samples were soaked in simulated sea water at 40℃ for long duration, well beyond saturation stage of Fickian diffusion ascertained using weight gain measurements. Results for a series of mechanical tests on fiber dominated samples of [0/90]2S and matrix dominated samples of [±45]2S orientation are reported. Variable specimen sizes (12.5 mm wide by 100 mm long, 25 mm by 200 mm, and 25 mm by 300 mm, all with an average uniform thickness of 2.8 mm) for laboratory tests are utilized in order to evaluate the applicability of results for large ship structures. Different carbon fiber-reinforced vinyl ester failure mechanisms of matrix crack interactions, such as matrix dominated transverse tension, tension along fibers, and fiber delamination were observed. Digital Image Correlation technique was useful to track the existence of localized damage for both fiber and matrix dominated carbon fiber-reinforced vinyl ester laminates. High resolution X-ray and neutron tomography under in-situ mechanical loading were used to investigate interior microstructure evolution and damage at chosen stress levels. The new techniques presented in this paper can enable a comparison between interior specimen damage and surface damage (readily observable using Digital Image Correlation). Use of different modality of radiation (neutrons versus X-rays) was very useful to probe damage resulting from moisture diffused in the matrix resin and fiber interface/interphase and shows a lot of promise for studying the failure modes and damage evolution in polymeric composites and sandwich structures.
Relatedness Online
Authors: Keipi Teo
Published: September 2017

This article explores youth narratives concerning the effects of internet anonymity on social ties online. Using an essay-based study of 78 youth (mean age 15.5 years), the effects of internet anonymity on relationships were examined. Results of the qualitative thematic approach showed that anonymity online has led to new forms of relational risk, stemming from misplaced trust or deception. Anonymity was also seen as lessening barriers to relational intimacy, as weak ties could transition to strong ties based on shared interests or social validation. Anonymity was also viewed as enhancing interactive courage and self-expression. Harassment and other negative behaviours were strengthened through anonymity. The dynamics between strong and weak ties were central to risks; here, social tie deception was found to cause harm where an aggressor feigned strong ties in the pursuit of instrumental gain. The findings point to the prominence of the online social effects youth attribute to anonymity.
Impact of the Tumor Microenvironment on Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes: Focus on Breast Cancer
Authors: Cohen Ivan J , Blasberg Ronald
Published: September 2017

Immunotherapy is revolutionizing cancer care across disciplines. The original success of immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma has already been translated to Food and Drug Administration–approved therapies in a number of other cancers, and a large number of clinical trials are underway in many other disease types, including breast cancer. Here, we review the basic requirements for a successful antitumor immune response, with a focus on the metabolic and physical barriers encountered by lymphocytes entering breast tumors. We also review recent clinical trials of immunotherapy in breast cancer and provide a number of interesting questions that will need to be answered for successful breast cancer immunotherapy.
Delayed Onset of Isolated Unilateral Oculomotor Nerve Palsy Caused by Post-Traumatic Pituitary Apoplexy: A Case Report
Authors: Ishigaki Tomoki , Kitano Yotaro , Nishikawa Hirofumi , Mouri Genshin , Shimizu Shigetoshi , Miya Fumitaka , Suzuki Hidenori
Published: September 2017

Post-traumatic pituitary apoplexy is uncommon, most of which present with a sudden onset of severe headache and visual impairments associated with a dumbbell-shaped pituitary tumor. We experienced an unusual case of post-traumatic pituitary apoplexy with atypical clinical features. A 66-year-old man presented with mild cerebral contusion and an incidentally diagnosed intrasellar tumor after a fall accident with no loss of consciousness. The patients denied any symptoms before the accident. After 4 days, the left oculomotor nerve palsy developed and deteriorated associated with no severe headache. Repeated neuroimages suggested that pituitary apoplexy had occurred at admission and showed that the tumor compressed the left cavernous sinus. The patient underwent endonasal transsphenoidal surgery at 6 days after head injury, and the mass reduction improved the oculomotor nerve palsy completely within the following 14 days. The pathologic diagnosis was nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma with hemorrhage and necrosis.
Recurrence and Severe Worsening of Hepatotoxicity After Reintroduction of Atorvastatin in Combination With Ezetimibe
Authors: Bergland Ellingsen Silje , Nordmo Elisabet , Tore Lappegård Knut
Published: September 2017

Severe hepatotoxicity is a rare but well-known adverse reaction to statins. However, despite the widespread use of statins, only a few cases describing statin reexposure or switch to another statin after liver injury have been published. The literature on hepatotoxicity with ezetimibe alone or in combination with statins is also scarce. We report a case where a patient with a history of elevated liver enzymes while using atorvastatin, but prior and subsequent good tolerance to simvastatin and pravastatin, developed drug-induced liver injury on reexposure to a combination of atorvastatin and ezetimibe. The hepatotoxicity in our patient was most likely caused by reexposure to atorvastatin, although we cannot exclude ezetimibe as a contributing factor. This case highlights the risk of hepatotoxicity recurrence on rechallenge with the same statin. The tolerance to other statins in this case also strengthens the suspicion that statin-induced liver injury may not be a class effect, although the current data are too scarce to draw any definite conclusions.
Noncanonical Adult Human Neurogenesis and Axonal Growth as Possible Structural Basis of Recovery From Traumatic Vegetative State
Authors: Vainshenker Yulia , Zinserling Vsevolod , Korotkov Alexander , Medvedev Svyatoslav
Published: September 2017

Patient recovering from traumatic vegetative state has suddenly died from cardiac arrest. In-life improvement of consciousness appeared after reduction of generalized spasticity due to botulinum toxin administration. Neuropathologic examination revealed Musashi1+, Nestin+, PCNA+, and Ki67+ cells in the hippocampus, frontal, parietal and occipital cortex, caudate, thalamus, mammillary bodies, brainstem, cerebellum, and near the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle. New neurons with neurite growth (TUC4+) appeared in corpus callosum. At the same time, axonal growth was detected in all areas of interest. New cells whose functional state was continuously improving, as revealed by in-life neurologic and positron emission tomography monitoring, have mainly been found in brain areas without neuropathologic signs of damage. We suggest that the possible role of neurogenesis consists in improvement of the microenvironment and interneuron interactions, whereas the activation of neurogenesis and the induction of neurite growth may be associated with reduction of spasticity.
Neridronate: From Experimental Data to Clinical Use
Authors: Corrado Addolorata , Colia Ripalta , Cantatore Francesco Paolo
Published: September 2017

Neridronate is an amino-bisphosphonate that has been officially approved as a treatment for osteogenesis imperfecta, Paget’s disease of bone and type I complex regional pain syndrome in Italy. Neridronate is administered either intravenously or intramuscularly; thus, it represents a valid option for both cases with contraindications to the use of oral bisphosphonates and cases with contraindications or an inability to receive an intravenous administration of these drugs. Furthermore, although the official authorized use of neridronate is limited to only 3 bone diseases, many experimental and clinical studies support the rationale for its use and provide evidence of its effectiveness in other pathologic bone conditions that are characterized by altered bone remodelling.
Utilizing macroscopic rheometry to investigate triglyceride self-assembly
Authors: Elemsimit Hamid A , Grecov Dana
Published: September 2017

The rheological behavior of a canola oil-based bio-lubricant was correlated with its surface activities using a rotary rheometer. The experiments on the gap size, substrate, and surface conditions led to a consistent and conceivable assumption that the self-assembled monolayer was extended to a degree that was sufficient to make a significant change in the bulk properties. In parallel, the thermal behavior was also connected to the surface activities. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to measure what is thought to be the monolayer melting point without using a graphite substrate. Crystallization points were measured at relatively high temperatures. Tribological tests were conducted and explained based on the rheological and thermal findings. A scenario describing both the boundary and bulk regimes was hypothesized. Rheometry and thermal analysis techniques are promising because of the variety of variables that could be controlled, such as temperature, shear, time, gap and substrate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using macroscopic rheology to study the surfactant activities of vegetable oil. The influence of substrate and gap size on rheological behavior could change the current standards for using rotary rheometers.
Effect of psychotherapy for depression via home telehealth on glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes: Subgroup analysis of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Egede Leonard E , Walker Rebekah J , Payne Elizabeth H , Knapp Rebecca G , Acierno Ronald , Frueh B Christopher
Published: September 2017

Objective

We evaluated the impact of telemedicine-delivered behaviour activation treatment (BAT) on glycemic control in a subgroup of older adults with diabetes who participated in a randomized controlled trial for depression.

Research design and methods

We randomized older adults with major depression to same-room or telemedicine BAT. Each group received eight weekly sessions. For the subgroup analysis, we identified individuals with type 2 diabetes and obtained hemoglobin A1c at baseline and 12 months’ follow-up. We used mixed-effects models (MEM) for repeated measures analysis to compare the longitudinal mean A1c. We estimated model-derived mean A1c values and considered an adjusted model to account for baseline health status.

Results

We included 90 individuals with type 2 diabetes of the original 241 in the subgroup analysis (43 in telemedicine and 47 in same room). Treatment groups were not significantly different at baseline for demographics, depression, anxiety or A1c levels (telemedicine 6.9 vs. same room 7.3, p = 0.19). Baseline mean A1c for the telemedicine group remained at 6.9 (55 mmol/mol) at 12 months, whereas baseline mean A1c for the same-room group increased to 7.7 (61 mmol/mol). Longitudinal trajectories of model-derived mean A1c indicated a significant main effect of treatment group on mean A1c value at study end (difference = −0.82, 95% CI −1.41, −0.24). Adjusted analyses gave comparable results.

Conclusions

Telemedicine-delivered BAT was superior to same room in achieving lower mean A1c values in participants with type 2 diabetes, suggesting BAT-delivered via telemedicine is a viable treatment option for adults with diabetes.