bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The model of financial support for the sustainable development of agriculture
Authors: Perederieva S.A. , Kizlik T.A.
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to the importance of implementing methodological approaches and methods of evaluating an economic system effectiveness in the field of finance to optimize operational decision-making based on modeling. Expert tools are considered, including: databases and knowledge, systems for modeling economic situations, intelligent decision-making systems. A simulation model has been built that covers the full range of relationships between blocks and indicators-factors that determine the essential characteristics of the economic development of the territory, which made it possible to find out the proportional dependence of the subsystems of financial support for agriculture development.
Economic efficiency of sugar beet cultivation depending on natural and climatic conditions
Authors: Islamgulov Damir , Kamilanov Artur , Lubova Tatiana , Bakirova Aigul , Alimgafarov Rail
Published: September 2023

This article presents the analysis data on the economic efficiency of sugar beet cultivation in different natural and climatic conditions of Russia. A significant effect of natural and climatic conditions on the yield and efficiency of sugar beet production in Russia has been revealed. The analysis of the cost structure was carried out, which showed the intensification of sugar beet production technology in the farms of the Russian Federation at the expense of all cost items. It was found that the conditions of the Krasnodar Territory provided consistently high yields, combined with average technological qualities, and showed the maximum value of sugar beet cultivation profitability.
Current state and prospects for the development of the material and technical facilities of agriculture
Authors: Gusev A.Yu. , Koshkina I.G. , Klimyuk L.Ya.
Published: September 2023

Modern agricultural production should be based on the reliable innovation-oriented material and technical facilities, which will create reliable prerequisites and guarantees for national food security. Until now, many sectors of the Russian economy and its agro-industrial complex, in particular, are significantly dependent on foreign supplies of equipment and innovative technologies. Given the specifics of agricultural production in Russia, an important role in solving the problem of technical and technological modernization of agriculture should be given to state support. In recent years, there has been a reduction in the number of agricultural machineries in the region under study and, as a result, at the same time, the operational load on it is growing, which leads to its intensive wear and tear, breakdowns, and, consequently, to frequent current and major repairs. As a result, the cost of production increases, the efficiency of agricultural production decreases. An important direction in the process of optimizing the operation of equipment is the correct ratio between the rate of its renewal and the efficiency of its use. At the present stage of development of the material and technical facilities of the regional agro-industrial complex, it is advisable to develop organizational and managerial measures in order to use the existing production potential effectively.
Potential of agricultural universities in the development of organic farming in Russia
Authors: Trukhachev Vladimir I. , Verzunova Larisa V. , Migunov Rishat A.
Published: September 2023

This paper describes research on the readiness and potential contribution of agricultural universities dealing with organic farming in Russia. We have identified areas of training and academic disciplines incorporating organic farming issues and revealed the most demanded programs of further professional education in it. Best practices of scientific research in organic farming that can be conveyed in the training process have also been established. The authors have set goals in the near-term prospect for personnel training in Russian agricultural universities.
Scientific substantiation of the state's economic policy in agriculture: theoretical foundations
Authors: Migunovand Rishat A. , Syutkina Anastasia A.
Published: September 2023

The work is devoted to the complex issues of the effect of the theoretical prerequisites of state policy, the interaction of the market and the state on the sustainable development of the agricultural sector. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the scientific theoretical foundations of the state's economic policy in the agricultural sector. The methodological basis of the study is an integrated approach, in which the scientific foundations of the state economic policy, including agrarian policy are considered. The study of the fundamentals of the state economic policy from the point of view of the categories that determine its economic structure – "freedom" and "order", was conducted. It is shown that each theoretical doctrine has opportunities for its implementation in a specific historical period, when certain circumstances have developed for this; for greater efficiency of state regulation, a synthesis of applied theoretical models is necessary. The necessity of considering the cyclical development of agriculture in the state and market regulation of the industry, including the cycles of agri-food conjuncture development, is substantiated. The methods of agrarian policy of modern Russia of the II cycle are substantiated: the expansion of demand for food, the policy of increasing the competitiveness of the agricultural sector and the efficiency of domestic production.
Keynesian approach to economy regulation: answers to the challenges facing the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Trukhachev Vladimir I. , Migunov Rishat A. , Syutkina Anastasia A. , Zaruk Natalya F. , Kolomeeva Elena S. , Babanskaya Anastasia S.
Published: September 2023

The paper presents the main aspects of the Keynesian theory of state economic policy in the context of responding to global challenges and national barriers facing the development of the Russian agro-industrial complex. The purpose of the work is to explore the possibilities of the Keynesian approach to respond to the challenges facing the agro-industrial complex of modern Russia. The methodological basis of the study is an integrated approach. The study identifies the main postulates of Keynesian theory. On the basis of macroeconomic models of aggregate demand and aggregate supply, the Keynesian cross, the features of the Keynesian approach to the regulation of economic activity in terms of investment, savings, and consumption are formulated. The Keynesian macroeconomic model of state policy is presented, implemented by increasing the real volume of investment expenditures through fiscal and monetary policies; methods of increasing effective solvent demand; reducing the fiscal burden on the population and business. The limits of the application of Keynesian methods are defined: "liquidity trap”; the emergence of a chronic budget deficit; the attenuation of the multiplier-acceleration mechanism; “stagflation”; “inflationary spiral”. The relevance of the application of Keynesian methods of regulation in the modern Russian agro-industrial complex is substantiated: fiscal methods can have a beneficial effect on the development of agriculture: the growth of investments in the agricultural sector by 1%, stimulates economic growth in the industry by 0.64%; monetary methods have a long-term significant impact on the agricultural sector development; an increase in effective solvent demand for food in conditions of insufficient demand for food products in Russia is of high importance; a reduction in the fiscal burden can have a beneficial impact on agriculture development.
Digital monitoring of crops in grain ecosystems
Authors: Arinichev Igor , Arinicheva Irina , Foshchan Galina , Saybel Natalia
Published: September 2023

In the conditions of rapid global population growth, resource depletion, and increasing demand for grains, an efficient agricultural management system becomes a crucial element for ensuring food security in Russia and worldwide. The foundation of such management is an intelligent grain production monitoring system, where diagnosing grain crop diseases serves as a critically significant subsystem. This article presents an approach based on the utilization of neural networks, specifically the U-Net architecture for semantic segmentation, adapted for the analysis and detection of helminthosporium through images of maize leaves. Quality evaluation of segmentation employs metrics like Intersection over Union (IoU) and Dice coefficient, computed from a held-out dataset, ensuring an objective assessment of results. The research demonstrates high accuracy and similarity between the model's predictions and expert annotations, while also showcasing the convergence of loss function during neural network training. A notable advantage of the proposed approach lies in the lightweight nature of the suggested architecture and the ability to utilize trained models as cores for decision support systems, including on local devices without network connectivity.
Research on Energy Metering System Based on Biomass Gasification Coupled Power Generation in a 600MW Power Plant
Authors: Zhao Minmin , Sun Bo
Published: September 2023

The biomass gasification coupled power generation project of a power plant is the first biomass gasification and coal-fired coupled power generation project using agricultural and forestry biomass residues as the main fuel in China, and has completed 72+24 hours of full load test run in September 2018. With the formulation of relevant standards, in order to further improve the overall operational capacity of the project, and give full play to the demonstration significance of the national coal-fired coupling power generation technology transformation pilot project, scientific and technological research has been carried out in such aspects as electricity metering. By upgrading the electricity metering system, on the one hand, it can meet the latest technical requirements of the electric power industry standard “Coal fired coupled biomass power generation biomass energy calculation Part 1: Agricultural and forestry waste gasification coupling”, on the other hand, it can solve the problems encountered in existing equipment such as short operation time, large maintenance volume, and low accuracy of gas composition detection, improving equipment stability, while reducing heat value loss, and reducing production costs, Improve production efficiency.At the same time, after the heat value analyzer is changed, the measured heat value loss is reduced by 20%. Based on the annual utilization hours of the gasifier, about 6400 tons of biomass fuel loss can be recovered in one year, and the annual fuel cost recovered is about 2.56 million yuan.
Calculation of Carbon Sink of Bamboo Forest in Zhejiang Province and Its Value Realization Path
Authors: Fu Lele , Su Jianlan , Hu Zhongyu
Published: September 2023

The biomass method was applied to measure the carbon sequestration status of bamboo forests in Zhejiang province, and the carbon emissions of Zhejiang province from 1989 to 2018 were estimated by using the energy activity CO2 emission measurement method, and the carbon sink contribution of bamboo forests was analyzed by comparison. The results show that the total carbon sequestration in bamboo forests increased from 18,206,400 t to 34,604,000 t during the ninth national forest inventory, with a net increase of 16,397,600 t and a growth rate of 90.07%, showing an overall increasing trend, among which moso bamboo forests are the main carbon sequestration species; the carbon emissions in Zhejiang province showed a stable growth trend, but the growth rate has decreased in recent periods; the amount of carbon sequestered by bamboo forests and carbon emissions show a convergent growth trend, but the amount of carbon sequestered by bamboo forests is relatively small for the overall carbon emissions, and the contribution of carbon sequestration is small. In order to effectively contribute to the process of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in Zhejiang province, corresponding measures should be taken to effectively play the function of bamboo forest carbon sink and realize its value.
Research on Maintenance Boundary Variation of Cascade Hydropower Units Based on Dynamic Programming-Progressive Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Liang , Wang Wensong , He Yong , Chen Ping , Yan Xing , Lu Shuai
Published: September 2023

Hydropower, as a primary source of renewable energy, plays a crucial role in achieving the dualcarbon goal. Therefore, it is essential to optimize the maintenance schedule to ensure the smooth operation of hydropower units and explore the principles governing the boundaries of the maintenance window period, considering multiple realistic constraints. In this paper, we take the “3-reservoirs and 7-levels” hydropower station in the lower Yalong River Basin as a case study. We establish an optimal model with the objective of maximizing the generating output, considering the total generating capacity and output of each hydropower station under various constraints. Next, we calculate the number of repairable units based on the ten-day output for each scenario and compare the maintenance window period while analysing its changing pattern. Finally, a comprehensive maintenance plan was developed based on historical maintenance data and industry standards with considering the changing rules. Additionally, we provide suggestions based on these rules.
Optimal investment and consumption strategies for an investor with stochastic economic factor in a defaultable market
Authors: Shen Weiwei , Yin Juliang
Published: September 2023

This paper considers the issue of optimal investment and consumption strategies for an investor with stochastic economic factor in a defaultable market. In our model, the price process is composed of a money market account and a default-free risky asset, assuming they rely on a stochastic economic factor described by a diffusion process. A defaultable perpetual bond is depicted by the reduced-form model, and both the default risk premium and the default intensity of it rely on the stochastic economic factor. Our goal is to maximize the infinite horizon expected discounted power utility of the consumption. Applying the dynamic programming principle, we derive the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equations and analyze them using the so-called sub-super solution method to prove the existence and uniqueness of their classical solutions. Next, we use a verification theorem to derive the explicit formula for optimal investment and consumption strategies. Finally, we provide a sensitivity analysis.
Models of socio-economic cooperation in Bulgaria until 1989
Authors: Gaydardzhieva Veneta
Published: September 2023

Until 1989, the cooperative movement in Bulgaria built various organizations. Even before the establishment of the first cooperative in our country in 1890, so-called pre-cooperative forms of joint work and mutual assistance existed. Historically, the significance of cooperatives lies in their socio-economic commitment to the local population. The ideological and organizational principles of the Bulgarian cooperatives were finally formed on the eve of the Second World War and united about 25% of the working population in the country. Built on the basis of voluntarism, mutual assistance and respect for the interests of their members, they gain solid public popularity and the disapproval of the rulers. During socialism, the cooperative idea was accepted as a means of modernizing and socializing agriculture, but made significant changes to impose socialist forms of agriculture aimed at eliminating private property and creating economic disinterest. The totalitarian principle of government takes away private initiative in society, voluntariness and self-interest. People in cooperatives do not feel protected and supported, much less united. Despite partial attempts to return to cooperative values, this cannot be achieved in the existing socio-economic system.
A comparative analysis of the environmental risk by planning regions in Bulgaria
Authors: Stoyanova Zornitsa
Published: September 2023

The environmental impact in a regional aspect differ depending mostly on the specifics of the regions and related regional differences, as well as the dynamics of development of the different economic sectors. In this regard, the probability of occurrence of the ecological risk in some regions is relatively higher than its occurrence in others. In this paper environmental risk is associated with negative impact on natural resources as soil, water, air, etc. The aim of the article is to be prepared a comparative analysis of the ecological risk by planning regions and on this basis to be drawn general conclusions about the place of each region in terms of impact on natural resources and to determine those regions in which the probability of occurrence of risk in ecological aspect is relatively higher. The paper provides a literature review of the concept of ecological risk according to regional differences, data analyses of indicators such as carbon dioxide emissions, discharged wastewater, disturbed territories and generated waste by planning regions. Based on the ranking of the regions in terms of the probability of ecological risk occurrence are proposed recommendations for the prevention and/or reduction of negative impact on the environment and natural resources in a regional aspect.
Circular Economy and Patents for Treatment of Waste
Authors: Nikolova-Minkova Ventsislava
Published: September 2023

The circular economy is established as a modern concept, reflecting environmental expectations for the future development of society. But after years of thoughtless extraction of natural resources and irresponsible disposal of excess or already used and unnecessary products and materials, changing the consciousness of enterprise managers to implement transformation and move from a linear model to a circular economy is not an easy task. This paper presents the parameters of the concept of circular economy and justifies its application in modern times. The aim is to outline the role of Environmentally Sound Technologies (ESTs) as a supporting toolkit for applying the principles of the circular economy. Using empirical methods (research, comparison, analysis) the structure and dynamics of the patents granted in the field of waste treatment as an element in the waste management process is presented. The result of the study shows the trends of patent activity, which for the studied period 2002-2022 marks a negative downward trend (an average annual by almost 7%) in several patented waste treatment technologies for which a European patent has been granted. The International Patent Classification (IPC) indices with the highest concentration of patent rights are also revealed, with Technologies for the reclamation of contaminated soil in the first place, accounting for 33.4% of the total patented waste treatment technologies. The prepared analysis of patent information on the rights to patented waste treatment technologies is indicative of the reorientation of patentees and the higher commitment to the creation and implementation of little waste or nonwaste technologies.
Assessing the opportunities to increase economic efficiency through the use of telematic systems for analysis and control
Authors: Markov Nedelin , Tihanov Galin
Published: September 2023

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the possibilities for increasing production efficiency and increasing economic results through the use of modern means of real-time analysis and control. The method used is related to the implementation of a Horsch Telematics telemetry system thanks to a Horsch Connect receiver. The results show deviations in the hour of sowing events, which leads to a drop in production efficiency. By adjusting the sowing measures as a result of the reported data, it is possible to increase the economic results.
Schürze weg… Warum?
Authors: Putterer Angelika
Published: September 2023

Im folgenden Artikel wird ein Projekt der Auszubildendenklasse 11 der MTR-Schule
am Klinikum Nürnberg vorgestellt. Ziel war, Informationsplakate
für Patienten zum Thema „Änderung der Empfehlungen
bezüglich der Verwendung von Strahlenschutzmittel“ zu gestalten.
Im Einzelnen geht es um die Gründe für die Notwendigkeit eines
solchen Infoplakates, den Findungsprozess zur Kernaussage des Plakates sowie
seine Gestaltung. Aufgrund des einfacheren Sprachgebrauches wird im Text das
generische Maskulin verwendet und soll keinesfalls eine Diskriminierung
darstellen.
The Medical Informatics Initiative and the Network University Medicine - Perspectives for Nuclear Medicine
Authors: Miederer Isabelle , Rogasch Julian Manuel Michael , Fischer Regina , Fuchs Timo , Lapa Constantin , Lohmann Philipp , Shi Kuangyu , Tran-Gia Johannes , Wendler Thomas , Hellwig Dirk
Published: September 2023

Digitization in the healthcare sector and the support of clinical workflows with
artificial intelligence (AI), including AI-supported image analysis, represent a great
challenge and equally a promising perspective for preclinical and clinical nuclear medicine.
In Germany, the Medical Informatics Initiative (MII) and the Network University Medicine (NUM)
are of central importance for this transformation. This review article outlines these
structures and highlights their future role in enabling privacy-preserving federated
multi-center analyses with interoperable data structures harmonized between site-specific IT
infrastructures. The newly founded working group “Digitization and AI” in the German Society
of Nuclear Medicine (DGN) as well as the Fach- und Organspezifische Arbeitsgruppe (FOSA,
specialty- and organ-specific working group) founded for the field of nuclear medicine (FOSA
Nuklearmedizin) within the NUM aim to initiate and coordinate measures in the context of
digital medicine and (image-)data-driven analyses for the DGN.
Gelenkkontrakturen behandeln
Authors: Schomacher Jochen
Published: September 2023

Die Behandlung einer Gelenkkontraktur ist spezifisch, während bei sogenannten funktionellen Bewegungseinschränkungen auch unspezifische Bewegungen und Wärme helfen. Daher müssen wir klar erkennen, wann eine solche Gelenkkontraktur vorliegt. Es gilt, die geeignete Behandlungsform zu finden.
Unveiling the eris subvariant: The next challenge in the covid-19 pandemic?
Authors: Kali Arunava
Published: September 2023

Since the COVID-19 pandemic’s onset, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has displayed remarkable mutation abilities, resulting in distinct variants. Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron are major World Health Organization (WHO)-identified variants of concern. The Omicron variant and its sub-lineages dominated globally in 2022. A novel strain, EG.5.1 (Eris), originating from Omicron’s XBB sub-lineage, has recently sparked a significant COVID-19 surge across continents. Detected since June 2023, EG.5.1 is linked to increased cases in Europe, the Americas, and Asia. Factors like waning immunity, overcrowding, and poor air quality contributed to its rise. This variant is likely to prevail over other circulating variants and become dominant in UK by September 2023. Surveillance of its global epidemiology and implementing preventive measures have become imperative in light of the current situation.
Blade strain analysis from field measurements on a vertical axis wind turbine
Authors: Träsch Martin , Rosado-Hau Nidiana , Matoug Camil , Arhant Maël , Perier Vincent , Augier Benoît , Répécaud Michel
Published: September 2023

In this paper, the 10 kW WindQuest Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) has been instrumented by strain gauges during its trials in the Ifremer in situ test site of Brest to study the effects of the structural dynamic response of the blades under operating conditions. Static and dynamic effects have been investigated as a function of the rotational speed when the rotor operates under stable wind conditions. The analysis segregates the influence of the gravitational, inertial, and aerodynamic loading components on the flapwise bending stress of the blades. The study of the cyclic variations on the blade strain at different Tip-Speed Ratios leads to the identification of the dynamic stall effect on the unsteady loads, while the spectral analysis describes the system eigenfrequencies excited by the interaction of the wind and the structure's motion. The results provide useful data to validate numerical models for VAWT blades with similar design and evaluate the structural fatigue.
A solid-state semiconductor battery with silica-coated TiO2 core–shell energy storage nanoparticles for rechargeable device application
Authors: Wang Min-Chuan , Wu Bo-Hsien , Liu Shang-En , Li Yu-Chen , Lin Shih-Kai , Tsai Tsung-Ming , Chang Ting-Chang
Published: September 2023

A solid-state semiconductor battery with the n-type WO3/silica-coated TiO2 core–shell nanoparticles/p-type NiO laminated structure for the rechargeable device has been developed. The electricity storage layer comprises poly-acrylonitrile mixed with core–shell nanoparticles containing n-type TiO2 particles coated with an insulating SiO2 shell. The average diameter size of nanoparticles was determined from 20 to 50 nm by a high-resolution transmission electron microscope and the relative atomic weight percentage of the Si on the coated TiO2 nanoparticles had been qualitatively determined by the energy dispersive spectrometer. The silica-coated TiO2 nanoparticles in the composite were assigned to the mixed phases of Anatase and Rutile by XRD analysis. Furthermore, photoluminescence analysis has verified the energy levels present in the bandgap of the silica-coated TiO2 core–shell nanoparticles. The device exhibits a constant-current discharge capacity of 0.16 mA h at a discharge voltage of 2.46 V. The energy density of the charging layer has been estimated to 12.3 Wh/kg. Finally, a mechanism of the solid-state semiconductor battery has also been proposed.
IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series. 105. Solubility of Solid Alkanoic Acids, Alkenoic Acids, Alkanedioic Acids, and Alkenedioic Acids Dissolved in Neat Organic Solvents, Organic Solvent Mixtures, and Aqueous–Organic Solvent Mixtures. III. Alkanedioic Acids and Alkenedioic Acids
Authors: Acree William E. , Waghorne W. Earle
Published: September 2023

Solubility data are compiled and reviewed for 19 alkanedioc and alkenedioic acids dissolved in neat organic solvents and well-defined binary organic and aqueous–organic solvent mixtures. The compiled solubility data were retrieved from the published chemical, engineering, and pharmaceutical literature covering the period between 1910 and the beginning of 2021.
Machine learning for accelerated bandgap prediction in strain-engineered quaternary III–V semiconductors
Authors: Mondal Badal , Westermayr Julia , Tonner-Zech Ralf
Published: September 2023

Quaternary III–V semiconductors are one of the most promising material classes in optoelectronics. The bandgap and its character, direct or indirect, are the most important fundamental properties determining the performance and characteristics of optoelectronic devices. Experimental approaches screening a large range of possible combinations of III- and V-elements with variations in composition and strain are impractical for every target application. We present a combination of accurate first-principles calculations and machine learning based approaches to predict the properties of the bandgap for quaternary III–V semiconductors. By learning bandgap magnitudes and their nature at density functional theory accuracy based solely on the composition and strain features of the materials as an input, we develop a computationally efficient yet highly accurate machine learning approach that can be applied to a large number of compositions and strain values. This allows for a computationally efficient prediction of a vast range of materials under different strains, offering the possibility of virtual screening of multinary III–V materials for optoelectronic applications.
Free energy decompositions illuminate synergistic effects in interfacial binding thermodynamics of mixed surfactant systems
Authors: Egan Colin K. , Hassanali Ali
Published: September 2023

Recent vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopic experiments [Sengupta et al., J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 13, 11391–11397 (2022)] demonstrated synergistic interfacial adsorption effects between the anionic dodecyl sulfate (DS−) and the polar, but charge-neutral hexaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12E6), surfactants. In this study, the interfacial adsorption thermodynamics underlying these synergistic effects are analyzed through free energy decompositions. A general decomposition method utilizing alchemical intermediate states is outlined. Combining free energy decompositions with the potential distribution theorem illuminates the statistical interpretations of correlated effects between different system components. This approach allows for the identification of the physical effects leading to synergistic adsorption thermodynamics of DS− binding to the air-C12E6-water interface. The binding properties are found to result from a combination of effects predominantly including energetic van der Waals stabilization between DS− and C12E6, as well as competing energetic and entropic effects due to changes in the interfacial water structure as a result of introducing a C12E6 monolayer into the bare air–water interface.
Non-linear pH responses of passivated graphene-based field-effect transistors
Authors: Fuhr Nicholas E. , Azize Mohamed , Bishop David J.
Published: September 2023

Graphene-based field-effect transistors (FETs) are suitable for pH sensors due to their outstanding surface chemical properties and its biocompatibility. To improve the devices' stability and pH sensitivity, different sets of dielectric passivation layers composed of monolayer hexagonal boron nitride with and without aluminum oxide layers were evaluated. Non-linearities of the pH response were observed. Heterostructure FETs were derived from subtractive manufacturing of commercially transferred two-dimensional materials on four-inch SiO2/Si wafers via stainless steel and polypropylene masking. Phosphate solutions (10 mM) of varying pH were incubated on bare devices, whereby liquid-gating elucidated linear changes in the Dirac voltage of hBN/graphene (−40 mV/pH) that was smaller than a device consisting only of monolayer graphene (−47 mV/pH). Graphene-based FETs were passivated with aluminum oxide nanofilms via electron beam or atomic layer deposition and were observed to have distinct Raman spectral properties and atomic force microscopy topologies corroborating the hypothesis that morphological differences of the deposited aluminum oxide influence the pH-dependent electrical properties. Atomic layer deposition of aluminum oxide on the 2D sensing areas resulted in non-linear shifting of the Dirac voltage with respect to pH that evolved as a function of deposition thickness and was distinct between graphene with and without hexagonal boron nitride as a capping monolayer. The non-linear response of varying thickness of AlxOy on graphene-based FETs was progressively reduced upon basic wet etching of the AlxOy. Overall, passivated graphene-based transistors exhibit deposition-dependent pH responses.
Modulation of the dynamic response and stability of dielectric balloon by stretch-dependent dielectric permittivity
Authors: Xing Xinyu , Chen Lingling , Zhao Chuo , Yang Shengyou
Published: September 2023

The dynamic response of dielectric elastomers is widely used in many functional devices, but current research has neglected the effect of varying dielectric permittivity on their dynamic oscillations and stability. This paper studies the thin-walled dielectric balloon in which the stretch-dependent dielectric permittivity is considered. We obtain the dynamic equation of motion by Hamilton’s principle. Based on the principle of no energy dissipation in conservative systems, we establish energy conservation at the maximum stretching position and at the initial moment, then we investigate the stability in the dynamic case. It is found that a stretch-related dielectric permittivity can increase the critical electric field of the balloon and can also change the mode of electric field instability and modulate the critical stretch value. In the dynamic case, the stretch-dependent permittivity increases the critical electric field by 4% when the balloon is only subjected to electric force; moreover, it increases the critical stretch value by 316.68% by changing the unstable mode from pull-in instability to snap-through instability. It is hoped that this work will provide new thinking in designing functional devices by using the dynamical response and stability of dielectric elastomers.
Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase genes influencing soybean isoflavones at the seedling stage
Authors: Yang Zhenhong , Wu Xu , Ma Jinglin , Yuan Ming , Zhan Yuhang , Li Yonguang , Li Haiyan , Teng Weili , Zhao Xue , Han Yingpeng
Published: September 2023

Context The 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) genes are involved in the phenylalanine pathway of the plant flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, controlling the synthesis of flavonoid secondary metabolites. Isoflavone is an important quality component of soybean (Glycine max). Aims The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different 4CL gene family members on isoflavone synthesis in soybean seedlings, and to identify those with a positive effect on soybean isoflavone content. Methods Genome identification and bioinformatics analyses of Gm4CL gene family members were conducted based on soybean genome annotation and Bio-Analytic Resource online data. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of Gm4CL genes, and genes related to the isoflavone synthesis pathway. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography was used to detect the contents of various isoflavones. Key results The study revealed 20 members of the Gm4CL gene family distributed on 13 chromosomes, with expression mainly distributed in cytoplasmic peroxisomes, and showing homology to the 4CL genes of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and Arabidopsis. Gene structure analysis showed that Gm4CL genes had between two and seven exons. Gm4CL promoter sequences were shown to contain abundant cis-acting elements, with Gm4CL4 and Glyma.11G1945001 containing MBSI cis-acting elements. Notably, the expression of Gm4CL genes varied with the synthesis of isoflavones at seedling stage. Conclusions At seedling stage, Gm4CL4 activated enzymes related to the isoflavone synthesis pathway, catalysing isoflavone synthesis, whereas Glyma.17G06440.1 and Glyma.17G0645001 tended to serve the lignin synthesis pathway and inhibit isoflavone synthesis. These results suggest that isoflavone synthesis in seedling leaves may be regulated by other mechanisms. Implications The study provides a basis for further research into the synthesis and accumulation mechanism of isoflavones.
Rare yet everywhere: phylogenetic position of the enigmatic deep-sea shrimp Physetocaris microphthalma Chace, 1940 (Decapoda, Caridea)
Authors: Peres Pedro A. , Bracken-Grissom Heather
Published: September 2023

The mysterious deep-sea shrimp Physetocaris microphthalma Chace, 1940 remains a challenge for the understanding of caridean shrimp systematics. Upon first description in 1940, the unique morphology in combination with lack of material made the allocation of P. microphthalma to any family or superfamily difficult, therefore the monotypic superfamily Physetocaridoidea and family Physetocarididae were described. The rarity of the species, only documented a few times in scientific literature, in combination with a circumglobal distribution, makes the advancement of the systematics and biology of this shrimp challenging. Current literature places Physetocaridoidea as a superfamily with a sister relationship to Pandaloidea but this relationship has never been tested using molecular data. Recent expeditions to the northern Gulf of Mexico and north-eastern Pacific Ocean provided fresh material for inclusion in phylogenetic analyses. Here, we used a molecular systematics approach to investigate the phylogenetic placement of this species within the infraorder Caridea and test for cryptic diversity across oceanic basins. We sequenced five genes (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, H3, NaK and PEPCK) and built phylogenetic trees including specimens across Pandaloidea and other carideans (n = 75) using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Our results strongly support the inclusion of P. microphthalma within the family Pandalidae and superfamily Pandaloidea, indicating that the superfamily Physetocaridoidea and family Physetocaridae are not valid. In addition, the inclusion of specimens from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans does not support evidence of cryptic diversity, suggesting the global distribution of P. microphthalma. This is the first study to provide genetic data for this species, resulting in an updated classification for the infraorder Caridea and highlighting that deep-pelagic species can be rare yet still widely distributed.
Corrigendum to: Microbiology education for rural nurses continuing professional development strategies
Authors: Green Elyce , Seaman Clair , Vanniasinkam Thiru
Published: September 2023

Nurses play an important role as frontline staff in infection control. Continuing professional development (CPD) in microbiology is key to helping nurses stay up to date with the latest developments in this area. A pilot study was conducted to determine the value of a microbiology laboratory-based workshop to support regional nurses. A team of microbiology academics and clinical microbiologists presented the laboratory-based workshop at Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga campus in New South Wales. Pre- and post-surveys were conducted. After the workshop, learners were significantly more confident explaining the process of culturing and identifying organisms from clinical samples (z=2.84, P=0.005), the importance of antimicrobial resistance in relation to common healthcare-associated infections (HAI) (z=2.56, P=0.011), cutting edge technology used in the rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases (z=2.69, P=0.007), and which antibiotics are appropriate for different bacterial infections (z=2.72, P=0.007). CPD opportunities such as workshops are vital for nurses in rural locations, particularly as health professional shortages in rural locations mean that nurses at all levels are required to take a lead role in infection control practices.
Semiclassical calculation of the pendulum period
Authors: Douvropoulos Theodosios Geo
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we calculate the swing period of the classical pendulum via semiclassical path-integration. We point out the significance of the classical periodic orbits and the equivalence of pendulum’s classical isochronism to the equidistance of the quantum energy levels. We derive the swing period in terms of the semiclassical tunneling time and the fractional revival period. A possible definition of a critical value for the quantum ‘bounce time’ is proposed. This paper intends for graduate students as an illustrating example of applying quantum mechanics to a classical system. It offers valuable insight into some characteristics that the classical and quantum pendulum possess in common. It also intends for a specialist in quantum chemistry where the quantum pendulum dynamics appears in what is known as hindered rotation about some chemical bonds.
Vacuum UV studies of protonated serine clusters
Authors: Licht Ori , Nihamkin Maria , Anaby Mirit , Rousseau Patrick , Giuliani Alexandre , Milosavljević Aleksandar R , Singh Raj , Nguyen Vy T T , Nahon Laurent , Toker Yoni
Published: September 2023

In a recent work, we have shown that photon absorption can cause a chemical bond to be created between the two monomers within a protonated serine dimer, a process known as intra-cluster bond formation, despite this process not occurring following thermal excitation via low energy collision-induced dissociation (LE-CID). Here we show further evidence for non-statistical photon-induced dissociation (PID) of the protonated serine dimer. In addition we discuss LE-CID and PID studies of the protonated serine octamer, showing that in this case as well, PID leads to non-statistical fragmentation and to the formation of two bonds between three neighboring monomers.
Electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation on self-induced magnetic field by hollow cathode discharge
Authors: Wang Baisheng , Meng Tianhang , Zhao Yinjian , Ning Zhongxi , Liu Hui , Yu Daren
Published: September 2023

Strong electron current density exits in hollow cathodes, but former numerical studies tend to only consider its electrostatic aspect and ignore its electromagnetic (EM) nature, due to the complex physics and the large computational cost. Among all the EM effects in hollow cathodes, the azimuthal magnetic field induced by the electron current plays the key role. In this work, for the first time fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulations are conducted to study the induced magnetic field and relevant EM effects in hollow cathodes. It is found that the electron–ion instability could cause a significant drop of the induced magnetic field in a fraction of nanosecond. When the magnitude of the induced magnetic field is strong, its perturbation would disturb the electron current density, and these mechanisms can only be captured by EM simulations.
Photoionization of air species as impurities in atmospheric pressure helium plasma
Authors: Janalizadeh Reza , Pasko Victor P
Published: September 2023

We revisit the problem of photoionization of small admixtures of nitrogen and oxygen molecules in atmospheric pressure helium plasma originally formulated in the pioneering work of Naidis (2010 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
43 402001). The radiation trapping of resonance emission lines in atomic helium is quantified, and it is demonstrated that photoionization occurs due to radiative decay of the electronic A state of helium molecules. The collisions and atomic precursors that populate the excited A state of the helium molecule are clearly identified. The Einstein probabilities for the transition from bound and quasi-bound rovibrational levels of the A state to the continuum of the ground X state are provided. A kinetic scheme for the production of the fast component of ultraviolet emissions in atmospheric pressure helium plasma is proposed. The photoionization of molecular oxygen and molecular nitrogen as impurities in 99.9% and 99.99% purity helium is studied.
Intraurban NO2 hotspot detection across multiple air quality products
Authors: Montgomery Anastasia , Daepp Madeleine I G , Abdin Marah I , Choudhury Pallavi , Malvar Sara , Counts Scott , Horton Daniel E
Published: September 2023

High-resolution air quality data products have the potential to help quantify inequitable environmental exposures over space and across time by enabling the identification of hotspots, or areas that consistently experience elevated pollution levels relative to their surroundings. However, when different high-resolution data products identify different hotspots, the spatial sparsity of ‘gold-standard’ regulatory observations leaves researchers, regulators, and concerned citizens without a means to differentiate signal from noise. This study compares NO2 hotspots detected within the city of Chicago, IL, USA using three distinct high-resolution (1.3 km) air quality products: (1) an interpolated product from Microsoft Research’s Project Eclipse—a dense network of over 100 low-cost sensors; (2) a two-way coupled WRF-CMAQ simulation; and (3) a down-sampled product using TropOMI satellite instrument observations. We use the Getis-Ord Gi
*
statistic to identify hotspots of NO2 and stratify results into high-, medium-, and low-agreement hotspots, including one consensus hotspot detected in all three datasets. Interrogating medium- and low-agreement hotspots offers insights into dataset discrepancies, such as sensor placement and model physics considerations, data retrieval caveats, and the potential for missing emission inventories. When treated as complements rather than substitutes, our work demonstrates that novel air quality products can enable researchers to address discrepancies in data products and can help regulators evaluate confidence in policy-relevant insights.
Novel ALK immunohistochemistry assay (clone OTI1A4, Dako) is a sensitive, reliable marker for identifying ALK rearrangements in lung adenocarcinomas: A validation study
Authors: Eren Ozgur Can , Mericoz Cisel Aydin , Bozkurtlar Emine , Bulutay Pinar , Baygul Arzu , Kulac Ibrahim
Published: September 2023

Objectives

We present the first study validating the recent Dako ALK assay (clone OTI1A4, in vitro diagnostic) for detecting ALK rearrangements in lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods

Lung adenocarcinoma cases between 2011 and 2023 were retrospectively collected to create a cohort of 203 samples. Cases were stained with Dako ALK OTI1A4 and Ventana ALK D5F3 and reviewed by 3 pathologists independently. Correlation between assays, including their sensitivity and specificity, was evaluated.

Results

The cohort (n = 203) consisted of resections, core needle biopsies, and cell blocks. Agreement between Dako ALK OTI1A4 and Ventana ALK D5F3 assays was “almost perfect,” with κ = 0.89. The sensitivity and specificity of the Dako ALK OTI1A4 assay were 93.3% and 96%, respectively, in a subgroup of 55 molecularly confirmed cases (n = 30 with and n = 25 without ALK rearrangement).

Conclusions

Immunohistochemistry-based assays provide a valid and reasonably priced alternative, especially in settings where molecular confirmatory tests are neither offered nor accessible. Given high interassay and molecular concordance, we propose that the novel Dako OTI1A4 assay can be reliably used to identify cases with ALK rearrangement.
Team-based preceptor model: The foundation of a longitudinal residency learning experience focused on education
Authors: Rexwinkle Amber , George Nephy , Mendoza Marisa , Tirrell Rebecca , Hecht Diane P
Published: September 2023

Purpose

A structured pharmacy grand rounds (PGR) learning experience that incorporates all aspects of the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) continuing pharmacy education (CPE) development process for postgraduate year 1 and 2 pharmacy residents is described.

Pharmacy residents at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center participate in a structured PGR learning experience as part of the residency completion requirements. Residents are involved in all aspects of educational activity development, including (1) conducting a needs assessment; (2) developing learning objectives; (3) implementing learning assessment methodologies; (4) constructing assessment questions; and (5) applying ACPE standards in the development of CPE activities. A team-based preceptor model focused on the unique attributes of the learning experience, comprising subject matter experts in content and educational best practices, is utilized to support the resident, provide feedback, conduct an evaluation, and ensure a successful experience. Key factors for success include resident instruction related to educational best practices, resources to exemplify the CPE development process, preceptor coaching, and guided self-reflection to identify areas of strength and improvement as an educator.

Conclusion

A structured PGR learning experience that incorporates all aspects of the ACPE CPE development process enables pharmacy residents to understand and apply best practices for educational activity development. Utilizing a team of subject matter experts in educational best practices in collaboration with content experts allows for shared preceptor responsibilities and a successful experience for the resident.