bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences in the physical components of speed, agility, and muscle endurance based on playing position in Indonesian amateur women soccer athletes
Authors: Arfiansyah Eggy Nur
Published: February 2025

Scientific interest in women's soccer has increased over the past few years. There are several factors that can affect the performance of female soccer athletes, including the composition that supports running performance (speed, agility, and muscular endurance). This is to identify players who may be considered important for the successful execution of tactical roles and reference norms for developing future soccer playing talent. The purpose of this study was to identify differences in speed, agility, and muscular endurance based on playing position in amateur female athletes. The population and sample in this study were 24 amateur female soccer players. This research method uses an analytical approach with data description. Furthermore, it was analyzed using SPSS software version 26. The results showed significant differences between the variables tested according to the player's position in the team could not be determined with the significance results for the speed variable of 0.001 < 0.05, then for the agility value of 0.001 < 0.05, and for the muscle endurance variable of 0.000 < 0.05. The conclusion of this study is that there are significant differences in speed, agility, and muscle endurance in amateur female soccer players based on playing position. However, players must maintain and improve their level of physical fitness to support tactical performance during matches or seasons.
The role of kinesiology in injury prevention in UNNES badminton ukm athletes
Authors: Wicaksono Ryan Adi , Haryono Sri , Pratama Rivan Saghita
Published: February 2025

This article describes the role of kinesiology in injury prevention in badminton players of the Student Activity Unit (UKM) of Semarang State University (UNNES). Kinesiology, the study of human movement, is important in the world of sports to prevent injuries that can affect an athlete's performance. This study used a qualitative method to understand how the application of kinematics principles can help reduce the risk of injury to badminton players. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with coaches, physical therapists, and athletes, as well as observations during training sessions. This study shows that kinesiology knowledge and its application to training programs plays an important role in increasing athletes' awareness of correct posture and technique, ultimately reducing the risk of injury. In addition, this study also identified the following challenges in the application of kinesiology: B. Lack of deep understanding between coaches and players and limited facilities. These results highlight the importance of continuing kinesiology education in athletic training programs at the university level and the need for institutional support to improve the quality of training. This article contributes to the literature on injury prevention in sports, particularly badminton in an academic setting.
The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and agility of UKM futsal players UPI Sumedang campus
Authors: Vianka Nukeu , Salsabila Dinda Astiana , Firdaus Natasya Nurlaila , Suherman Ayi , Rahman Aam Ali
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and agility of futsal players in UKM Futsal UPI Sumedang Campus. The method used was quantitative with a correlational design, involving 30 student members of UKM Futsal with an age range of 19-21 years. Data were collected through questionnaires to measure BMI and agility tests using the zig-zag and shuttle run methods. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between BMI and agility, where players with more ideal BMI tend to have better agility. In addition, this study also found that physical conditions, especially agility and technical skills, are very important in the game of futsal. The training done by university students, which averages 2-3 times per week, is still low compared to the recommendations for competitive athletes. Therefore, an increase in training frequency and attention to diet is highly recommended to support athlete performance. This study provides important insights for futsal coaches and players in designing more effective training programs, as well as emphasizing the importance of maintaining a healthy BMI to improve agility and performance in the game. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for further research in the field of sports, especially futsal, and contribute to the development of better quality athletes.
Nanoconfined Photopolymerization in Self-Assembled Glycerol Monooleate, Hydroxyethyl Acrylate and Water Suprastructures
Authors: Debas Meron , Phuong Trinh Nguyen Dinh , Kilbinger Andreas F. M. , Glavic Artur G. , Amenitsch Heinz , Salentinig Stefan
Published: February 2025

The nanoconfinement of lipid self-assembled structures offers a dynamic environment for chemical reactions. It enables the integration of regents of various polarities, their alignment at the lipid/water interface for regio-specific reactions, and tailored reaction dimensions from restricted diffusion in the nanoconfinement. However, the effects of monomer integration and polymerization on the self-assembly structure and reaction products remain to be fully understood. Here, we report the photo-initiated polymerization of hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) within the inverse bicontinuous cubic structure of glycerol monooleate (GMO), yielding biocompatible hybrid materials. The initial structures are formed in bulk and as thin films on silicon wafers through the self-assembly of the GMO molecules with water. Using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and grazing incidence (GI)SAXS, we find that HEA actively integrates into the lipid/water interface, modifying the self-assembled packing geometries. Photo-polymerization triggered structural transformations and changes in orientation relative to the substrate surface. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and gel permeation chromatography reveal larger polymer sizes and smaller polydispersity under nanoconfined conditions compared to polymerization in water. These findings enhance the understanding of self-assembled structures as reaction nanoconfinements and establish a foundation for advanced material design.
Single-Shot Synthesis of Neuroprotective Hi1a by Automated Fast-Flow Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Byrne Stephen A. , Shimshoni Elee , Fittolani Giulio , Farquhar Charlotte E. , Loas Andrei , Anderson Daniel G. , Pentelute Bradley L.
Published: February 2025

Hi1a is a venom peptide isolated from the Australian funnel-web spider Hadronyche infensa, containing an intricate “double knot” tertiary structure and is currently under investigation for the treatment of ischemic stroke. The recombinant expression and chemical synthesis of Hi1a remains a significant challenge due to poor yields and laborious protocols, delaying progress in the translation to the clinic. Herein, we describe the first single-shot chemical synthesis of the Hi1a peptide (76 amino acids, AA) using automated fast-flow peptide synthesis (AFPS), enabling rapid access (4.3 h total synthesis time) to quantities of linear Hi1a (> 10 mg). Our robust protocol facilitated rapid and efficient synthesis of chemical analogues for structure-activity relationship studies, demonstrating that chemical modification of the N- or C-terminus of Hi1a does not significantly perturb binding to acid sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a). The synthesis of fluorescently labelled Hi1a permitted live cell imaging using in vitro confocal microscopy, and RNA sequencing demonstrated that Hi1a did not perturb the genetic state of human neurological tissue. This work highlights AFPS as a technology that might address manufacturing issues associated with peptide production.
Single-Molecule Quantification of RNA Degradation with Nanopore Sensing
Authors: Alawami Mohammed , Earle Max , Keyser Ulrich , Platnich Casey
Published: February 2025

RNA is the key biomolecule in innumerable diagnostic and therapeutic applications, but its chemical instability plagues researchers and clinicians alike. Gel electrophoresis remains the predominant method for the assessment of RNA degradation: The main drawback is the quantity of RNA required - typically 100 ng or more. To study the degradation profiles of mRNA vaccines, viral and bacterial RNA, and other valuable species, new sensitive and quantitative methodologies are required. We present the use of solid-state nanopore sensing to evaluate the degradation of viral RNA under various conditions with single-molecule resolution. While relying on similar principles to gel electrophoresis, nanopore sensing is suitable for use over a wide range of concentration regimes, with even 100 pg of RNA being sufficient for analysis. Our results demonstrate the utility of nanopore assays in assessing RNA integrity for samples not suitable for gel-based analyses due to high molecular weight or perseverant secondary structure.
HARNESSING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF AFRICAN APPLICATIONS IN SPATIAL ANALYSIS AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE
Authors: . Obasi S.N , . Tenebe V. A , . Obasi C.C , . Jokthan G.E , . Adjei E.A , . Keyagha E.R
Published: February 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in the agricultural sector, particularly in spatial analysis and precision farming. This study explores how AI is influencing precision agriculture and spatial analysis, with particular attention to the opportunities and problems that the African agricultural landscape presents. The paper examines the current progress of AI integration and emphasizes the transformative potential of technology in revolutionizing farming practices across all agro-ecological zones in Africa. The project explores adapting precision farming to enhance crop yields, soil health, and mitigate climate change concerns using AI technologies such as sensor-based monitoring and satellite imaging analysis. Examining the socio-economic effects of AI adoption in agriculture in the African context, light is cast on how this technology may promote both economic growth and sustainable development. This research contributes to the knowledge of AI’s revolutionary impact on agricultural practices in Africa by addressing important aspects of precision agriculture and spatial analysis, opening the door for creative, effective, and sustainable farming methods. Using AI to precisely monitor crops, evaluate soil health, and improve decision-making through weather forecasting are some of the main areas of focus. The study looks at the prospects, difficulties, and socioeconomic effects of using AI in agriculture in several agro-ecological zones of Africa. In addition, it offers suggestions for policymakers, lists best practices, and indicates future lines of inquiry to fully utilize AI in advancing resilient and sustainable agriculture across Africa.
LAND SUITABILITY ANALAYSIS OF SESAME CROP USING GIS TECHNIQUES
Authors: Ghimire Ramesh Kumar , . Anuj Dhakal , Pandit Amir , Ghimire Pragyan , Pokharel Sagar
Published: February 2025

Land suitability analysis is a pre-requisite in achieving optimum utilization of the available land resources. This research aims to promote sustainable agriculture by guiding land planning, empowering local small- scale farmers through optimal sesame cultivation, and ultimately enhancing agricultural productivity in Bardaghat Municipality, furthering the goal of regional agricultural sustainability. The research utilized a comprehensive methodology, blending Pair- wise Comparison Matrix (PWCM) and Weighted Multi-Criteria Analysis with diverse biophysical criteria through Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Thematic maps were generated using Remote Sensing, Geostatistics, and Geographic Information Systems. Expert input guided the assignment of weights to 3 primary criteria and 11 sub-criterion parameters, facilitating the creation of a weighted overlay tool for visualizing results. This approach aimed to assess land suitability for sesame cultivation effectively. The research findings underscore the significance of climatological factors (55.8%), topography (31.96%), and soil attributes (12.196%) in determining sesame production suitability. The land suitability map revealed that 24.29% of the study area, equivalent to 39.375 km2, was moderately suitable for sesame cultivation, while a substantial land area encompassing 75.71% (122.675 km2) was categorized as marginally suitable. Remarkably, no land was identified as unsuitable for sesame cultivation. The research excluded built-up regions, rivers, and road networks from its scope.
LAND SUITABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX) IN BARDAGHAT MUNICIPALITY USING GIS TECHNIQUES
Authors: Ghimire Pragyan , Ghimire Ramesh Kumar
Published: February 2025

The Bardaghat Municipality, situated in the Nawalparasi West district, grapples with reduced agricultural productivity owing to inadequate land management practices and the absence of thorough land assessments for crops, notably soybean (Glycine max). This has resulted in meager soybean yields and constrained opportunities for small-scale farmers to diversify into more lucrative crops. The central aim of this research is to assess land suitability for soybean cultivation within the study area, with the overarching objective of boosting crop productivity and refining land use planning strategies. The research employed a comprehensive methodology, combining Pair-wise Comparison Matrix (PWCM) and Weighted Multi-Criteria Analysis via Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to consider various biophysical criteria. Thematic maps were generated using Remote Sensing, Geostatistics, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Expert input guided the assessment of three primary criteria and eleven sub-criterion parameters, with weighted assigned through PWCM and integrated into a weighted overlay tool for thorough analysis. The research findings underscored the critical importance of Climatological factors (58.115%), Topographical features (30.9%), and Edaphological conditions (10.94%) in determining the suitability of land for soybean production. The resulting land suitability map revealed that the entire study area, accounting for 100% (162.05 km2), was highly suitable for soybean cultivation, with no land deemed unsuitable. Notably, built-up regions such as rivers and road networks were excluded from the research scope. The research seeks to advance sustainable agriculture by guiding land planning and empowering local small- scale farmers through optimized soybean cultivation, ultimately bolstering agricultural productivity in Bardaghat Municipality and fostering regional sustainability.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ADOPTION OF INTEGRATED SOIL FERTILITY MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES BY SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN NAMTUMBO DISTRICT, TANZANIA
Authors: Mwatawala Hija Walad , Burian Estherbella Martin
Published: February 2025

Sub-Saharan African smallholder farmers face two challenges: low production and restricted funding for nutrient inputs. By combining the use of enhanced germplasm, prudent fertiliser use, and organic matter management tailored to the local farming conditions, integrated soil fertility management seeks to increase productivity. This study set out to evaluate determinants for the adoption of integrated soil fertility management technologies by smallholder farmers in Namtumbo district, Tanzania. The design of the study was cross-sectional. Using the random sampling technique, 223 respondents were selected. The study utilised IBM SPSS to analyse both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings show that almost all farmers adopted the ISFM initiative’s supported technologies, including better-quality seed strains, legume-maize rotation, and maize-legume intercropping. Findings on the determinants for the adoption ISFM knowledge were depicted by a binary logistic regression model whereby variables included in the model were good (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.81) predictors of determinants for adoption of ISFM technologies by farmers. Soil fertility, climatic conditions, education, participation in groups, access to extension services, cost of input and credit access had substantial (p< 0.05) influences on the probability of adoption of ISFM technology by a farmer. The inference of this discovery is that the adoption of ISFM technologies is affected by various factors. In order to guarantee accurate agricultural information on ISFM technologies and boost productivity, the study recommends increasing the number of extension staff and raising awareness among farmers about the importance of using extension staff. Adoption of ISFM procedures is also significantly influenced by the availability of better seed varieties. For this reason, smallholder farmers ought to have easier access to more inexpensive, better seed varieties. Furthermore, there should be a strong emphasis on intercropping maize and legumes as well as rotating legumes with maize.
ALTERNATIVE OPPORTUNITIES OF SAVING WATER BY APPLYING ORGANIC MULCH TYPES AND IRRIGATION INTERVALS ON CHILI PEPPER
Authors: Sadek Ihab I. , Moursy Fatma S. , Ahmed Mohamed S. M. , Maharik Z. Y. , Ahmed S. H. , Heggi M. A. M.
Published: February 2025

Saving water, sustain soil fertility and adjust rhizosphere microclimate the main targets to obtain, which, considered as main factors herein investigation. Current investigation was conducted under modified greenhouse to indicate the effect of two main factors on growth, productivity and saving amount of water irrigation of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L. Bima F1). The first is three types of organic mulch i.e., rice straw, bagasse and plant compost compared to bare soil (as control). When, the second is three irrigation intervals (every day “as a control”, every two days and every three days). Finally, interaction between both studied factors was considered. Seedlings were transplanted on 1st February during both growing seasons in 2021and 2022. Experiment was held on at a private farm located at Kilo No. 80 Cairo Ismailia road in split plot design with three replications. Compost soil mulching significantly increased studied characteristics related to vegetative growth and/or crop yield and its components. Another significant enhancement resulted from irrigation every two days. Contrasting, interaction between compost mulching and three days irrigation interval presented superior enhancement through all studied characteristics. Amount of saved water were estimated by (81.276 and 112.032) and (89.292 and 123.072) cubic meters under every two days and every three days irrigation intervals; during first and second season respectively. Financial study proved the compost mulch + irrigation every three days treatment achieved the highest values from revenues, net return, percentage of net return on the invested pound and net return per feddan.
THE IMPACT OF BORON, CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, AND IRON ON CHRYSANTHEMUM VEGETATIVE GROWTH
Authors: Chachar Muzafaruddin , Baloch Humaira , Hakro Rahib Ali , Ahmed Saeed , Ahmed Zaheer , Ullah Raheem , Jillani Pir Syed Awais Naqi Shah , Bibi Tasneem , Khoso Ahmed Raza
Published: February 2025

The Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) is one of the four most popular cut flowers in the world and renowned for its enormous aesthetic appeal. The vegetative growth of Chrysanthemum plants is influenced by enormous factors, among which nutrient intake performs a crucial role. In this experiment, we investigate the individual effects of four essential nutrients – Boron (B), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), and Iron (Fe) – on Chrysanthemum vegetative growth. The experimental design followed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), comprising three replications, with each replication accommodating three plants per treatment. The foliar application of micronutrients was executed for vegetative growth of chrysanthemums as follows: T 0 = Control, T 1 = 0.2g/ml of Boron, T 2 = 0.2g/ml of Calcium, T 3 = 0.1g/ml of Magnesium, T 4 = 0.2g/ml of Iron. The results demonstrate that the maximum plant height (42.43cm) was recorded in T 3 = 0.1g/ml of Magnesium, the maximum leaf width (4.13 cm) was recorded on T 3 = 0.1g/ml of Magnesium, the maximum number (15.70) of leave plant -1 was observed in T 2 = 0.2g/ml of Calcium while the maximum number (3.34) of branches plant -1 was observed in T 3 = 0.1g/ml of Magnesium. This research focused on limited nutrient treatments on vegetative growth, but further research should explore a wider range to determine optimal chrysanthemum growth treatments. Furthermore, this research lays the foundation for understanding the importance of micronutrient management in the vegetative growth of Chrysanthemum, a significant ornamental crop.
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION INTERVALS ON THE GROWTH, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF LEMON (CITRUS LIMON L.)
Authors: Howlader Nayan Chandra , Hossain Md. Mokter , . Md. Golam Rabbani , . Amit Kumar Basunia , Hasan Md. Mahfuzul , Saima Umme
Published: February 2025

This investigation was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural University Germplasm Center (BAU-GPC) in order to find out the effects of irrigation intervals on the growth, yield, and fruit quality of lemon (cv. BAU lebu 3). A single factor experiment was carried out following randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were T0 (no irrigation), T1 (regular irrigation), T2 (Irrigation at 15 days intervals), T3 (Irrigation at 30 days intervals) and T4 (Irrigation at 45 days intervals). Ten litters of water per plant was applied during each irrigation cycle. T1 showed the best performance in respect to leaf length (5.36 cm), leaf breadth (4.86 cm), fresh weight of leaves (6.56 g), %moisture of leaves (80.91%), leaf relative water content (RWC) (79.63%), the lowest days to first flowering (21.66 days), total number of flowers/plant (53.66), the lowest days to first fruiting (6.00 days), number of fruits/plant (37.33), the least %dropped fruits/plant (15.83%), fruit length (7.90 cm), fruit breadth (5.36 cm ), fruit fresh weight (131.09 g), yield (4.9 kg), fruit moisture content (82.00%), titratable acidity (TA) (5.69%), juice content (34 ml), the lowest peel thickness (1.8 mm). Since, T2 treatment performed statistically similar results with T1 in most of the traits and it reduces the water use thus reduce the production cost than T1 treatment. Therefore, it can be concluded that T2 (irrigation at 15 application days intervals) would be optimum for lemon production.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF NITROGEN ON GROWTH, FLOWERING, CORMS AND CORMEL PRODUCTION OF GLADIOLUS (GLADIOUS GRANDIFLORUS) CV. AMERICAN BEAUTY
Authors: Shahi Srijana , Mehta Aman , . Rubi Khatiwada , . Anju Adhikari
Published: February 2025

Proper nitrogen management in Gladiolus is crucial for optimal development and productivity. Balancing nutrient supply is essential for vigorous vegetative growth, quality spikes, and abundant florets, maximizing yield without causing environmental harm. This experiment was done to assess the effect of different doses of nitrogen on gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) cv. American Beauty production in Chitwan. The randomized complete block design (RCBD) method was carried out at the horticultural farm of Nepal Polytechnic Institute (NPI), Bharatpur, Chitwan, from November 2021 to April 2022. Medium-sized corms (4–5 cm) of gladiolus were selected, planted, and subjected to five different levels of nitrogen treatments, i.e., 30 gm/m2 (T2), 40 gm/m2 (T3), 50 gm/m2 (T4), 60 gm/m2 (T5), and control (T1), and replicated four times. Observations were recorded for both vegetative and floral parameters. Results show that different doses of nitrogen significantly affected plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, spike emergence, spike length, number of florets per spike, number of corms and cormels, corm’s size, and weight. The highest plant height (102.45 cm), highest leaf length (38.30 cm), highest number of leaves per plant (7.75), highest spike length (80.40 cm), maximum number of florets per spike (15.40), maximum number of corm per plant (1.62), weight of corm (59.09 gm), and size of corm (5.73 cm) were observed at 50 gm N/m2 (T4). The late spike emergence (92.20 days) was recorded at 50 gm N/m2 (T4). The result shows that using 50 gm N/m2 can improve the growth, flowering, and corm production of gladiolus.
ASSESSMENT OF SOIL NUTRIENT STATUS UNDER RICE-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM IN SHUKLAPHANTA MUNICIPALITY, KANCHANPUR.
Authors: . Narendra Basnet , . Narendra Singh Thagunna
Published: February 2025

The study was conducted in Shuklaphanta Municipality, Kanchanpur, Nepal to assess the soil nutrient status in command areas of the Rice Super Zone under the Rice-Wheat Cropping System (RWCS). Soil samples from a depth of 0-15cm from different representative locations using a soil auger, were collected using a random sampling technique and were subjected to laboratory tests for different soil fertility parameters such as pH, organic matter, texture, and NPK. The soil pH ranged from 5.3 to 7.98 with an average value of 7.01 reflecting the neutral nature of the soil. OM ranged from 1.2 to 5.59% with an average value of 3.06% suggesting a medium status of OM. Sandy loam texture was found to be predominant accounting for 46% of the total soil samples. Total N ranged from 0.06 to 0.3% with an average value of 0.16% showing the medium status of total N. Available P ranged from 6.87 to 192.77 kg/ha with an average value of 53.81 kg/ha indicating the medium status of available P. Similarly, extractable K ranged from 22.8 to 406.8 kg/ha with an average value of 136.9 kg/ha reflecting the medium status of extractable K. The results suggest that the studied area has fairly favourable attributes for rice-wheat cultivation with neutral pH, moderate availability of N, P, and K, and medium organic matter content. However, to ensure sustainable agricultural production, farmers should adopt appropriate soil management practices, nutrient supplementation, and irrigation techniques based on the specific needs of rice crops in different areas of the municipality.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOIL CARBON STOCK UNDER DIFFERENT CROPPING SYSTEMS IN LAMAHI, DANG
Authors: . Kisan Banjade , . Ankit Subedi , . Biplov Paudel , . Amrit Kumar Bohara , . Abhishek Pokhrel , . Krishna Aryal
Published: February 2025

A study was conducted in Lamahi municipality of Dang district to compare the soil carbon stock under four different cropping system. Representative soil sample (n=120) from four different cropping system (Rice-Maize, Rice-Wheat, Rice-Mustard and Vegetable) and soil depths (0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm) were collected using a purposive sampling technique. Soil carbon content was determined by Walkley and Black method. Soil carbon stock was statistically different (p<0.05) with the cropping system and soil depth. It was found the highest in Rice-Maize (35.03 t ha-1) followed by Rice-Wheat (29.52 t ha-1), Vegetable (27.16 t ha-1) and Rice-Mustard (21.01 t ha-1) cropping system. The soil carbon stock declined with the soil depth and was found the highest (39.09 t ha-1) at 0-20 cm depth. These results suggest that there is a need of long-term Rice-Maize cropping system with sustainable soil management practices as it has greater potential to store organic carbon as compared to the other three cropping system.
EFFECT OF AGE TRANSPLANTING ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF CHILLI (Capsicum Annuum L.) UNDER OPEN FIELD FERTIGATION SYSTEM.
Authors: Saiin Sebrina Shahniza , Abdul Razak Sabrina , Yusoff Masnira Mohammad
Published: February 2025

A field experiment was conducted at the Horticultural Research Centre of the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) in Serdang, Selangor, between May 18th and August 11th, 2022, for a period of 13 weeks. The study aimed to investigate the effect of age transplanting at weeks 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 on the growth and yield of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) under an open-field fertigation system. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The results revealed that age transplanting at week 10 had a significant effect on plant height. Weeks 5 and 6 of age transplanting exhibited the highest values for relative chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and the number of days required for flowering, fruiting, and harvesting. Additionally, the weight, length, and diameter of fruits, as well as the number and weight of fruits per plant, were influenced by the age of transplanting, with the most favourable outcomes observed in plants transplanted at week 5. In conclusion, the study suggests that the optimal age for transplanting chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) under an open-field fertigation system is between weeks 5 and 6 to achieve optimum performance.
PECULIARITIES OF IRISH EMIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIASPORA IN THE GREAT BRITAIN
Authors: Marusynets Marianna
Published: February 2025

The article examines the peculiarities of Irish emigration and the development of the Irish diaspora in Great Britain, which includes ethnic Irish people and their descendants outside Ireland. The Irish diaspora is the largest minority group in England and Scotland and constitutes the largest immigrant community in Great Britain. It is noted that the historical relations between Great Britain and Ireland differ from those with other EU countries. Irish citizens enjoy more favorable conditions in Great Britain than citizens of other EU countries. The author emphasizes the importance of the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 for the introduction of a legal framework for the protection of the rights of citizens of both countries and the Common Travel Area Agreement (CTA) for the preservation of the special legal status of Irish citizens in the UK. The CTA guarantees the mutual rights of Irish and UK citizens in each other's territories.

It is proved that the Irish diaspora has played an important role in the socio-economic and political development of Great Britain, in particular in construction and transport, especially in England and Scotland. The Irish have created emigrant networks, including the daily newspaper The Irish Post and the Federation of Irish Societies. There is a strong political presence of the Irish diaspora in Great Britain. An assessment is given of the conflict in Northern Ireland, which has caused a wide resonance among the Irish diaspora in Great Britain. Some diaspora organisations condemned the campaign of the Irish Republican Army (IRA). Militant diaspora activists supported republican aspirations and criticised British “imperialism”.
MECHANISMS AND CLINICAL PERSPECTIVES OF ALLERGEN-SPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPY
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Akhvlediani Leil , Izmailovich Marina , Gazaliyeva Meruyert , Skvortsova Anna , Tanriverdiev Kanan
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent condition in Kazakhstan, characterized by high sensitization to weed pollens, particularly Artemisia, with sensitization levels significantly exceeding those observed in Europe. AR often leads to complications such as bronchial asthma (BA) and other respiratory conditions. The “unified airways” concept emphasizes the interconnected nature of upper and lower air-way inflammation, with ASIT showing promise in mitigating these effects.Materials and Methods: A systematic review included 51 articles published between 2013 and 2024, se-lected from databases such as PubMed and Scopus. Studies focused on ASIT in AR and the role of vitamin D. Inclusion criteria required full-text original research and systematic reviews in Russian and English, specifically addressing allergen-specific immunotherapy.Results and Discussion: ASIT promotes immunological tolerance through mechanisms such as suppression of Th2 activity, increased IgG4 production, and reduced effector cell activation. Vitamin D, particularly 25(OH)D, plays a pivotal immunomodulatory role, supporting Treg and Breg cell function, and mitigat-ing allergic inflammation. Clinical trials demonstrate that vitamin D supplementation enhances ASIT out-comes, especially in pediatric patients.Conclusion: Integrating cholecalciferol into ASIT protocols enhances efficacy and safety by addressing vitamin D deficiency, a factor linked to more severe allergic diseases. This highlights the importance of personalized treatment strategies combining ASIT with vitamin D supplementation for optimal outcomes.
Sigara Bağımlılığının Dikkatsizlik ve Algı Bozukluğuyla İlişkisi (The Relationship Between Cigarette Addiction and Inattention and Perception Disorder)
Authors: Konuş Fatime , Aktan Emel Aner
Published: February 2025

Araştırma, sigara bağımlılığı ile dikkatsizlik ve algı bozukluğu düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için ilişkisel tarama yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Sigaranın Psikolojik Bağımlılığını Değerlendirme Ölçeği, Erişkin Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Sendromu Öz-Bildirim Ölçeği ve Benton Yüz Tanıma Ölçeği ile elde edilmiştir. Araştırmacı, 997654323405 seri numaralı Benton Görsel Bellek Testi eğitimini tamamlamıştır. Çalışma, 432 erkek (%43,2) ve 568 kadın (%56,8) olmak üzere 500 sigara içen ve 500 sigara içmeyen yetişkin gönüllü katılımcıyla seçkisiz tabakalama yöntemiyle yürütülmüştür. Sigara kullanan ve kullanmayan bireylerin sosyo-demografik değişkenlerinin dağılımı incelenmiş, sigara kullanan bireylerde görsel algı ve dikkat eksikliği düzeyleri Pearson korelasyon analiziyle değerlendirilmiştir. Analizlerde SPSS 26.0 yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Örneklem büyüklüğünden dolayı parametrik ölçümler yapılmış; bağımsız örneklem t-testi ve ki-kare testi uygulanmıştır. Karşılaştırma ve korelasyon testlerinin uygunluğu için normallik sınamaları yapılmış, ölçek puan ortalamalarının çarpıklık ve basıklık değerleri değerlendirilmiştir. Anlamlılık düzeyi 0.05 olarak alınmıştır.
Tokat İl Merkezi ve Kırsal Alanlarda Suçun Mekansal ve Zamansal Dağılımı (Spatial And Temporal Distribution of Crime in Tokat City Center and Rural Areas)
Authors: Mertol Hüseyin , Ergün Yunus
Published: February 2025

Bu çalışma, 2017-2021 yılları arasında Tokat il merkezi ve çevresindeki kırsal alanlarda işlenen suçların mekânsal ve zamansal dağılımını analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Suç, evrensel bir olgu olarak coğrafi bağlamda mekânsal ve zamansal dinamikleriyle birlikte ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın alanı, jandarma sorumluluk bölgesindeki kırsal yerleşim bölgelerini kapsamakta olup, bu bölgelerde meydana gelen suçlara ağırlık verilmiştir.Yöntem olarak, ilgili kurumlardan temin edilen veriler Microsoft Excel ve ArcGIS 10.8 programıkullanılarak işlenmiş ve suç desenleri haritalar üzerinde görselleştirilmiştir. CBS araçları, suçların mekânsal analizine imkân tanımış ve bu sayede suç ile mekân arasındaki ilişki daha iyi anlaşılmıştır.Araştırma bulguları, kent merkezlerinde suç oranlarının kırsal alanlara göre daha yüksek olduğunu ve bu durumun şehirleşme ve sanayileşme gibi faktörlerden kaynaklandığını göstermektedir. Kentlerdeki karmaşık sosyo-kültürel dinamikler ve nüfus yoğunluğu suç oranlarını artırırken, kırsal alanlarda suç oranları daha düşük olmakla birlikte göz ardı edilemeyecek seviyededir. Bu mekânsal ve zamansal analiz, suçun coğrafi dağılımını ve farklı coğrafi bağlamlarda sosyal, ekonomik ve çevresel faktörlerin suç üzerindeki etkisini anlamaya katkı sağlamaktadır.
Research on the Reform Path of College English Teaching in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: He Xin
Published: February 2025

The development of a new round of artificial intelligence (AI) science and technology provided good technical support and condition guarantee for college English teaching, but it also brought new challenges. It is necessary and inevitable for English teaching to experience reform and innovation. China’s AI digital teaching transformation is in the exploratory stage, and AI teaching mode has become the focus of future teaching development. Herein we propose a research method of integrating AI tools in college English teaching to adapt to the personalized learning of the new generation of college students, make the teaching process efficiently integrate the tide of the development of AI, promote the development of education evaluation system more accurately, and provide theoretical and data references for college English teaching reform.
Styles and Characteristics of Thematic Art Creation in Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan Regions
Authors: Liu Yanqing
Published: February 2025

This article explores the styles and characteristics of thematic art creation in Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan regions, analyzing the uniqueness of these regions’ artistic backgrounds, artistic languages, theme selections, and expressive techniques. The art creation in Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan regions is deeply influenced by traditional Chinese culture while incorporating Western artistic elements, exhibiting a diversified artistic style. Thematic art creation in these three regions has its own distinct features, including a deep exploration of local culture and a sensitive capture of the spirit of the times, which together constitute a rich and colorful artistic landscape in Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan regions.
Ethics of Communication in Islam: Driving Success in Sharia Cooperative Marketing
Authors: Syaripudin Syaripudin , Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi , Fakhri Mohammad
Published: February 2025

Islamic communication ethics in the digital era significantly influence economic practices such as the development of Sharia cooperatives, where challenges like the lack of Sharia financial literacy and negative perceptions of Sharia Financial Institutions require an effective and ethical communication strategy. Therefore, this research aims to examine the role of Islamic communication ethics in strengthening persuasion among potential members of Sharia cooperatives in East Lombok. The research method used was descriptive qualitative, with a sample of five cooperatives selected through purposive sampling. Primary data were obtained from interviews and documentation, while data analysis was conducted through data reduction, presentation, and verification. The findings revealed that Islamic communication ethics, through principles such as Qaulan Ma’rufa, Qaulan Layyin, Qaulan Baligha, Qaulan Sadida, and Qaulan Karima, play a key role in strengthening trust and understanding between field workers and potential members of Sharia cooperatives in East Lombok, facilitating effective communication and increasing success in member recruitment. This approach integrates social, cultural, and religious aspects, significantly affecting the effectiveness of recruitment and building the integrity and reputation of the Sharia cooperative. In conclusion, Islamic communication ethics play a vital role in promoting the sustainable growth of Sharia cooperatives in East Lombok by integrating Islamic values into the communication process, which strengthens trust and facilitates a better understanding of Sharia financial products and services.
UNICEF Efforts to End Child Marriage in Nigeria 2020-2022
Authors: Margie Alycia , Sugara Robi , Firnas Muhamad Adian
Published: February 2025

This study described the efforts made by UNICEF in addressing child marriage in Nigeria in 2020-2022. Nigeria is the fourth country with the most child marriages in West Africa in 2022. This study was written descriptively. The source of data used as material for analysis was taken from 2020-2022 and came from literature reviews in the form of reports official UNICEF documents and journal articles. The method used in this study was a qualitative method that was descriptive and analytical. The results of this study indicated that UNICEF's efforts to address child marriage in Nigeria had not fully addressed the practice of child marriage in Nigeria due to various factors and challenges such as traditions and culture in Nigeria and the time required to resolve the problem are not a few that hinder efforts being made.
The New Museology Discourse at the Radyapustaka Surakarta Museum
Authors: Sugara Badra , Warto Warto , Pitana Titis Srimuda
Published: February 2025

This qualitative descriptive research, within the field of cultural studies, aims to explore the practice of New Museology discourse at the Radyapustaka Museum in Surakarta. The data sources included: informants, namely museum managers and visitors; the event location, the Radyapustaka Surakarta Museum; and relevant documents and references. Data collection was carried out through field observation, document studies, literature review, and interviews with selected informants using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Data validity was ensured through triangulation, and data analysis was performed using interpretive techniques based on generalized propositions. The results of this study showed that activities carried out at the museum, such as exhibitions, workshops, and similar events, are practices of The New Museology discourse at the Radyapustaka Surakarta Museum.
AI-Edmodo E-Learning in Physics Learning: A Study of Students' Cognitive Ability on the Topic of Work and Energy
Authors: Tuhurima David , Batlolona John Rafafy , Wenno Izaak Hendrik
Published: February 2025

Teachers have used various ways to explore innovative learning to improve students' cognitive physics skills. Edmodo is a free and secure educational learning network that provides a simple way for teachers to create and manage online classroom communities. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the Edmodo application in improving students' cognitive abilities in physics on the topic of work and energy. The analysis of this study focused on cognitive abilities and student motivation in the classroom. The method used in this research is a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest design using descriptive research type that aims to describe the situation/symptom or phenomenon, which is designed to obtain information in the current state. In this case, the improvement of students' cognitive abilities can be seen by using the Edmodo application. The research design used is One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The sample in this study was class 10 in the Science department, with a total of 27 students using a random sampling technique. Data collection was done by using a physics cognitive ability test. Quantitative data of this study were obtained through objective tests (pretest-posttest) based on Bloom's Taxonomy. The results of this study indicate that the application of Edmodo can improve students' cognitive abilities in physics. With the increase in students' physics cognitive abilities in learning, the learning outcomes of previously low students increased significantly. Therefore, it is recommended that AI-Edmodo improve students' physics cognitive abilities in learning physics on the topic of work and energy.
The Effect of E-LKPD Based on Physics Toolbox Sensor Suite on Simple Harmonic Motion Material on High School Students' Understanding of Physics Concepts
Authors: Distrik I Wayan , Wulandari Arini , Viyanti Viyanti
Published: February 2025

This research aims to determine the effect of Digital-Worksheet (E-LKPD) with the Physics Toolbox Sensor Suite on understanding physics concepts of high school students in South Lampung, Lampung. A total of 60 students were involved in this research and were divided into two classes, namely the experimental and control classes. Data were analyzed using n-gain, independent sample t-test, and effect size. The research results showed that the average N-gain in the experimental class was 0.73 in the high category, while it was 0.58 in the medium category in the control class. There was a significant difference in n-gain in understanding concepts (sig.2-tailed < 0.05) between the experimental and control classes. This result is also reinforced by the effect size, which is very high, namely 1.319. This shows that the E-LKPD with the Physics Toolbox Sensor Suite is able to improve understanding of physics concepts, especially regarding Vibration. E-LKPD with the Physics Toolbox Sensor Suite can help students understand concepts, improve work activities, and reduce misconceptions.
Trends and Hotspots in International Research on Problem Solving in Physics Education
Authors: Mardianti Fani , Liliawati Winny , Sinaga Parlindungan , Wandi Wandi , Karimi Amir
Published: February 2025

Problem solving in physics education that have not been resolved to date causes obstruction of various interests. To comprehensively analysis the global application trends of problem solving in physics education and identify research points that promise problem solving in physics material based on bibliometrics and visual analysis. Publications related to problem solving in physics education from 2003 to 2023 were retrieved from the Scopus. The nation, institution, publication year, author, journal, average citations per item, H index, title, publication keywords evaluated. The VOS-viewer software was used to evaluate term co-occurrence results in order to anticipate problem-solving hotspots in physics education. There were 421 articles in all. (1) In general, the quantity of problem solving in physics education papers has increased during the last 20 years. The top three countries (USA, Indonesia, and Australia) accounted for 63.22% of all published articles. The United States has the most citation. The largest contributor is Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. Suhandi, A. is the professor with the most articles published in the topic of problem solving in physics education. (2) The research field is organized into seven clusters: "HOTS studies," "cognitive systems ", "problem solving methods", "application program", "curriculum", "distance education", and "PER related to problem solving skill reconstruction will be published in the future". Matlab and problem solving in physics education employment research methodologies may be future hotspots in the field of problem solving in physics education.
Women Leaders’ Experiences at a Kuwaiti Higher Education Institution: Exploring the Leadership Labyrinth
Authors: Alrashidi Khadijah M. H. , Ismail Aziah Binti
Published: February 2025

The leadership labyrinth is a metaphor to illustrate the ups and downs women workers face on their journey to leadership. This study aims to discover the nature of leadership labyrinths as experienced by Kuwaiti women leaders within a Kuwaiti higher education institution. A narrative approach rooted in the tenets of qualitative inquiry was used. To gather data, field notes, and semi-structured interviews with three women leaders were conducted at the selected institution. Despite the limited number of participants, their narratives offer valuable insights. Findings show that the Kuwaiti women leaders’ experiences in the selected context are shaped by four main thematic domains: personal inner journeys, family support system, organizational dynamics, and societal fabrics. Two major concepts in the women leaders’ narratives appeared significantly and played a central impact on the analysis. The first, which is a societal factor, is the power of connections or as socially called Wasta. The second, which is an organizational factor, is the notion of Sea, which is metaphorically used to symbolize the unknown world of the leadership labyrinth and possibly signify the high levels of uncertainty within the organization. This study contributes to the existing discussion on women’s leadership calls for further examination into the experiences of women leaders and recommends creating a merit-based work environment that nurtures women’s leadership potential and provides equitable opportunities with clearly announced criteria in leadership selection and advancement.
“Real Cédula del rey de España en la que condena las excesivas concesiones de tierras realengas que se habían hecho en el Septentrión oriental de la Nueva España y que dispone su poblamiento o la pérdida de derechos de propiedad de sus poseedores”
Authors: Herrera Pérez Octavio
Published: February 2025

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