bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Communication and Measurement Architecture of BDS-3 Global Operations and Services
Authors: LI Gang , GUO Shuren , GONG Wenbin , HAN Kai , GAO Weiguang , SHAO Fengwei , WANG Wenbin , TANG Chengpan , ZHANG Feng
Published: November 2023

As the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is developed form BDS-2regional services to BDS-3 global services, the regional-serving GEO and IGSOsatellites are transformed into global-serving MEO satellites. The observation arcof MEO satellites by regional ground stations is about 1/3. The accuracy of MEOorbit determination and time synchronization would become worse, which wouldmake the global positioning accuracy become unacceptable. It is very hard to pro-vide Radio Navigation Satellite System (RNSS) service and effectively managethe satellite constellation. Different from GPS, GLONASS and Galileo adopt-ing a worldwide ground-stations method, BDS-3 creatively established a globaloperations and services architecture with regional stations and Ka-band Inter-Satellite Links (ISLs). The architecture's contributions to BDS-3 include not onlycombined orbit determination and time synchronization, but autonomous navi-gation, global operations and services. The BDS-3 on-orbit operation results arepresented in the paper to verify the designed capabilities. Compared with BDS-2,the orbit determination accuracy is improved from 0.6m to 0.15m, and the time synchronization accuracy is improved from 6.67ns to 1.16ns. Under autonomousnavigation, the 30-day orbit maintenance accuracy reaches 16m and the timesynchronization accuracy reaches 3.74ns. The success rate of data transmissionreaches 99%, and the delay is better than 12.9s. In the future, laser ISLs will beused to enhance the system structure and further improve global operation andservice capabilities.
Hybrid abutment-Crowns with offset implant placement: Effect of titanium base height and machinable crown material on bacterial leakage
Authors: Alghannam Dina , Alzordok Walid , Attia Ahmed
Published: November 2023

Background
The purpose of the current study was to assess the effect of two different titanium base heights and three different machinable crown materials on bacterial leakage around hybrid-abutment crowns.
Methods
42 implant fixtures with typical external geometries hybrid-abutment crowns designed in CAD system were used. Samples were divided into six equal groups according to two variations, crown material, zirconia (Z), lithium disilicate (L), and hybrid ceramic (V) to accommodate two different heights of Ti-Base abutments either were short Ti-Bases (S) with 4 mm (n = 21) or long Ti-Bases (L) 7mm (n = 21). Each subgroup was equal 7 (n = 7), groups were (ZS), (ZL), (LS), (LL), (VS) and (VL). Adhesive resin cement with a universal primer were used according to manufacturer instructions. Artifactial aging was done through water storage for 30 days, chewing stimulating for samples (50,000-cycles, 49 N, 1.67 Hz) and thermal cycling with (5000 cycles at 5–55°C) were applied. Samples were incubated in a bacterial suspension then leakage recorded by counting through colony forming unite (CFU).
Results
The average bacterial leakage among different material used was (2.88 ± 1.01),short zirconia crown group (ZS) showed the least microbial leakage (1.86 ± 0.9) followed by (VL) (2.57 ± 0.7), (LL) (2.57 ± 1.2) then (ZL) that was (3.29 ± 0.7) and (LS) with (3.43 ± 0.7). the (VS) group observed with the highest bacterial leakage with (3.57 ± 0.5).
Conclusion
the CAD/CAM fabricated zirconia crowns can be used over other ceramic material in term of bacterial leakage around dental implant.
The prognostic impact of treatment centralization in patients with testicular germ cell tumors: Analysis of Hospital-Based Cancer Registry data in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Shuhei , Nagumo Yoshiyuki , Kandori Shuya , Kojo Kousuke , Nitta Satoshi , Chihara Ichiro , Shiga Masanobu , Ikeda Atsushi , Kawahara Takashi , Hoshi Akio , Negoro Hiromitsu , Bryan Mathis J , Okuyama Ayako , Higashi Takahiro , Nishiyama Hiroyuki
Published: November 2023

Background
To identify the prognostic impact of treatment centralization in patients with testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT).
Methods
We used a hospital-based cancer registry data in Japan to extract seminoma and non-seminoma cases that were diagnosed in 2013, histologically confirmed, and received the first course of treatment. To compare the 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of patients stratified by institutional care volume, we performed a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method to adjust patient backgrounds.
Results
A total of 1767 TGCT patients were identified. The 5-year OS rates for stage II and III TGCT patients treated at low-volume institutions (< 7 cases) were significantly worse than high-volume institutions ( > = 7 cases) (91.2% vs. 83.4%, p = 0.012). Histological stratification revealed that 5-year OS rates for stage II and III seminoma patients in the low-volume group were significantly worse than the high-volume group (93.5% vs. 84.5%, p = 0.041). Multivariate OS analysis using an IPTW-matched cohort showed that institutional care volume was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio 2.13 [95% confidence interval: 1.23–3.71], p = 0.0072).
Conclusion
Our results indicate that stage II and III TGCT patients experience lower survival rates at low-volume institutions and would benefit from treatment centralization.
Five year follow up after surgical treatment of type 2 diabetes with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy associated with a duodenal ileal interposition
Authors: Tinoco Augusto , NETTO MATHEUS SILVA , BENEDITO HENRIQUE , DEPAULA AUREO , KADRE LUCIANA EL
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a chronic disease, primarily caused by a combination of defective insulin secretion and the inability of insulin-sensitive tissues to respond to insulin. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy associated with duodenal ileal interposition (SGDII) has been shown to be a feasible treatment option for patients with T2D, as it provides improvement and control of glycemia, dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid and long-term results of SGDII for the treatment of diabetic patients, considering diabetic remission, weight loss and postoperative complications.
Materials and Methods: Retrospective study with 96 patients with T2D submitted to SGDII, between 2010 and 2016. The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value < 6.5%, without the use of hypoglycemic agents, was considered as remission of T2D.
Results: The five year follow up demonstrated that 80% of patients had T2D remission at one year, 74.5% at three years and 61.8% at five years. The average duration of the disease was nine years and the mean glycated hemoglobin before surgery was 8.95%. Sixty-one patients (62.8%) were male, and 36 patients (37.2%) were female. The average age was 50.9 years. Median BMI was 33.43 kg/m2. The incidence of major postoperative complications in the first 30 days was 2.1%, with no mortality. Dyslipidemia control was sustained, after five years, in 62% of the patients.
Conclusion: SGDII resulted in good glycemic control at 5-years follow-up and represents a valid alternative for the treatment of T2D.
Two-year-span breast cancer screening uptake in Japan after the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with the COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Abubakar Aminu Kende , Kaneda Yudai , Ozaki Akihiko , Saito Hiroaki , Murakami Michio , Hori Daisuke , Gonda Kenji , Tsubokura Masaharu , Tabuchi Takahiro
Published: November 2023

Purpose
There is a limited information on whether COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a decreased breast cancer screening uptake and if COVID-19 vaccination was associated with an increase of screening uptake. Our study explored a two-year span (2020 to 2022) uptake of breast cancer screening in Japan after the COVID-19 pandemic and assessed its association with the COVID-19 vaccination.
Methods
This is an analysis targeting the 6,100 women without cancer history who were aged 40 to 74 years at the 2021 survey of the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey (JACSIS), a web-based prospective cohort survey of 23,000 individuals, and also participated its 2022 survey. We examined the regular breast cancer screening uptake before the pandemic and two-year-span breast cancer screening uptake after the pandemic. We further employed multivariable Poisson regression model to seek any association between COVID-19 vaccination and screening uptake after the COVID-19 pandemic inception.
Result
Of 6,110, 38.2% regularly participated in the screening before the pandemic and 46.9% did so after the pandemic. Individuals unvaccinated due to health reasons (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.47, 95% confidence interval: 0.29–0.77, p = 0.003) and for other reasons (IRR = 0.73, 95% confidence interval: 0.62–0.86, p < 0.001) were less likely to undergo screening compared to fully vaccinated individuals. There was no dose relationship between the vaccination and post-pandemic screening uptake.
Conclusion
There was no long-term decrease of the breast cancer screening uptake during the pandemic in Japan. The vaccination was linked to increased uptake, but the booster shot did not show a similar association with uptake.
Digital Foam Index Test for Air Entrainment Interactions
Authors: Baral Aniruddha , Roesler Jeffery R.
Published: November 2023

The digital foam index test (D-FIT) has been developed to quantify air-entraining agent (AEA) interaction with cement-fly ash-water mixtures and improve the repeatability of the traditional foam index test. The D-FIT acquires and analyzes videos of the evolving foam layer in a cementfly ash-water mixture as sequentially higher amounts of AEA are added. The proposed computer vision technique and deep-learning algorithm quantify the empty area on the surface and then calculates the percentage of the surface covered with foam. As part of the D-FIT, two new parameters have been defined. The AEA dosage required to produce a metastable foam is called the foam stability, whereas the incremental AEA dosage beyond the foam stability to achieve a foam layer covering the entire container surface is called the foam efficiency dosage. The summation of the foam stability and foam efficiency dosage is the traditional foam index value. Based on five ashes tested, the foam efficiency from vinsol resin-based AEA was higher than the sulfonate–based AEA, but the foam stability dosage was greater for the sulfonate–based AEA. Finally, the ratio of foam index to foam stability was not linked to the loss on ignition of ashes but more related to the interaction of the AEA type with the cement-fly ash mixture.
An evaluation model of hepatic steatosis based on CT value and serum uric acid / HDL cholesterol ratio can be used to predict intrahepatic recurrence of CRLM
Authors: Li Yuan , Jin-si-han E-er-man-bie-ke , Feng Cheng , Zhang Weili , Wang Hao , Lian Shaopu , Peng Jianhong , Pan Zhizhong , Li Binkui , Fang Yujing , Lu Zhenhai
Published: November 2023

Background
Intrahepatic recurrence is one of the main causes of treatment failure in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM). Hepatic steatosis was reported to provide fertile soil for metastasis. The effect of irinotecan-inducted hepatic steatosis on the progression of liver metastasis remains to be verified. Therefore, we aim to clarify the effect of hepatic steatosis on postoperative intrahepatic recurrence in CRLM and whether it is relevant to irinotecan-based preoperative chemotherapy.
Methods
Data for a total of 284 patients undergoing curative surgical treatment for CRLMs were retrospectively reviewed between March 2007 to June 2018. Hepatic steatosis score (HSS) was established by combining Liver to Spleen CT ratio (LSR) and Uric acid to HDL-cholesterol ratio (UHR) to detect the presence of hepatic steatosis.
Results
The evaluation model is consistent with pathological results and has high prediction ability and clinical application value. Patients with HSS high risk (HSS-HR) had significantly worse prognosis than those with HSS low risk(HSS-LR) (RFS: 42.7% vs. 29.4%, P = 0.003; OS: 45.7% vs. 26.5%, P = 0.002). Univariate and multivariate analysis confirmed its essential role in the prediction of intrahepatic RFS. Besides, HSS model could distinguish high risk patients better among those treated with irinotecan-based chemotherapy. Furthermore, patients treated with preoperative irinotecan chemotherapy were more likely to end up with HSS-HR than those with non-irinotecan chemotherapy (63.3% vs. 21.8%, P<0.001).
Conclusion
In summary, patients with HSS-HR had significantly worse OS and intrahepatic RFS. HSS-HR may be relevant to Irinotecan chemotherapy and had distinctly poor prognoses in patients with irinotecan-based chemotherapy.
Reliability of tele-assessment of five repetition sit to stand and timed up and go tests in patients with non- specific chronic low back pain
Authors: OZSOY Ismail , UZ Ahmet Lutfi
Published: November 2023

Background
Telerehabilitation has become a frequently preferred option in the follow-up and treatment processes of non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) in recent years. One of the most important components in the rehabilitation of patients with NSLBP is a comprehensive assessment. Physical performance assessments such as the Five Repetition Sit to Stand Test (5xSTS) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) stand out as tests often used in clinical measurements in patients with NSLBP.
Aims
This study aimed to assess reliability of tele-assessment of 5xSTS and TUG tests in patients with NSLBP.
Methods
Patients with NSLBP with low back pain for at least 3 months were included in the study. All tests were performed face-to-face and remotely. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were used to determine the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).
Results
Inter-rater reliability results between face-to-face and tele-assessment were excellent for both 5xSTS (ICC = 0.966) and TUG (ICC = 0.900). In addition, the intra-rater reliability results obtained between face-to-face and tele-assessment showed excellent for both 5xSTS (ICC = 0.979) and TUG (ICC = 0.958).
Conclusions
This study suggests that these tests can be used reliably at home or remotely in different settings as well as in the clinic.
Grade 7 School Performance of Children Born Preterm: A Retrospective Canadian Cohort Study
Authors: Louis Deepak , Akil Hammam , Oberio Sapna , Sirski Monica , Alvaro Ruben , Seshia Molly , Moddemann Diane , Lix Lisa , Ruth Chelsea , Garland Allan
Published: November 2023

Importance:
Data on the middle school outcomes of preterm children are limited and have methodologic issues.
Objective
To study the association between preterm birth and grade 7 school performance.
Methods
A retrospective population-based cohort study of children born in Manitoba, Canada between 1994–2006 using their grade 7 school performance data. A secondary sibling cohort was created comprising children born preterm and their full-term siblings. Primary exposure was preterm birth categorized as < 28, 28–33 and 34–36 weeks gestation. The two co-primary grade 7 outcome measures were: not meeting the mathematics competencies, and not meeting the student engagement competencies. Multivariable logistic regression models tested the association between preterm birth and both co-primary outcomes; adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.
Results
7653 preterm (gestational age median [IQR]: 35 weeks [34,36]) and 110,313 term (40 [39,40]) were included. 43% of < 28 weeks, 18% of 28–33 weeks and 17% of 34–36 weeks had the mathematics co-primary outcome compared to 13% of term children. The corresponding % for the student engagement outcome were 42%, 24%, 24% and 24% respectively. Preterm birth was associated with the mathematics (34–36 weeks: 1.26, 1.16–1.35; 28–33 weeks: 1.47, 1.27–1.70; <28 weeks: 5.48, 3.89–7.70) and student engagement outcomes (34–36 weeks: 1.09, 1.01–1.16; 28–33 weeks: 1.21, 1.06–1.39; <28 weeks: 2.49, 1.76–3.51). However, there was no difference in outcomes among the sibling cohort.
Conclusions and Relevance:
Children born preterm had lower grade 7 performance compared to children born term in this population-based cohort. Screening and supports for them in their middle school years are warranted.
Children Raising Children: A cross-sectional survey of parental perceptions and practices regarding sibling caretaking in rural Pakistan
Authors: Bhamani Shelina , Mughis Waliyah , Raza Amir , Ahmed Sheraz , Umrani Fayaz , Jakhro Sadaf , Qureshi Khaliq , Rehman Najeeb , Ali Asad
Published: November 2023

Background
The phenomenon of children raising children, or older children caretaking for younger children is under-investigated and can significantly impact child development and family wellbeing outcomes.
Methods
The perceptions and practices of 150 parents towards sibling caretaking in rural Pakistan were explored through mixed methods surveys and interviews.
Results
73% of parents assign sibling caretaking responsibilities to their daughters primarily, and 89% ask the eldest child to care for younger siblings, while only 2% reported never assigning this responsibility to a child. Caretaking responsibilities include feeding, bathing, disciplining, and putting the younger siblings to sleep. 95% reported assigning these responsibilities to their eldest child as their personal choice; 79% reported sibling caretaking is aligned with traditional practices/beliefs, although 89% agreed it is unrelated to religious obligations.
Conclusions
The findings hold implications for provision of nurturing care services for young children to support their health, education, childcare, social engagement in resource-constrained settings where children are expected to care for their siblings.
A comparative study of four-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (4DCBCT) and three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (3DCBCT) guided treatment setup in liver cancer radiotherapy
Authors: Wan Bao , Xin Lingxia , Zhang Yanxin , Chen Deqi , Li Zhuoran , Zong Yuan , Liu Bofei , Qin Wenhua , Zhang Zhiwei , Zheng Yongtai , Zhai Yirui , Chen Bo
Published: November 2023

Background and purpose
To compare the setup errors and the clinical target volume (CTV) to planning target volume (PTV) margins in image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) for liver cancer using three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (3DCBCT) and four-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (4DCBCT), and explore the advantages of 4DCBCT for the position verification in liver cancer irradiation.
Materials and methods
Fifty-five patients with liver cancer were enrolled. All patients’ CT, four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) and Magnetic Resonance (MR) simulation images were collected. Image registration, target delineation, and plan design were accomplished in Pinnacle treatment planning system. Pre-treatment’s 3DCBCT and 4DCBCT images were collected at a certain frequency and registered with the simulation CT images. Before beam delivery, the therapy couch was corrected based on the setup errors measured by 4DCBCT. Investigators recorded the setup errors and calculated the CTV to PTV margins using van Herk’s formula. Paired t-test was used to compare the difference of the two groups.
Results
A total of 452 sets of 3DCBCT and 4DCBCT images were collected. The setup errors in 4DCBCT group in superior-inferior (S-I) direction, anterior-posterior (A-P) direction, transverse plane, and coronal plane were significant smaller than in 3DCBCT group, which were 2.6 ± 4.8 mm and 2.1 ± 4.0 mm, P < 0.001; 1.8 ± 1.9 mm and 1.4 ± 1.7 mm, P < 0.001; 0.80 ± 0.76° and 0.75 ± 0.61°, P < 0.001; 0.90 ± 0.74° and 0.78 ± 0.75°, P < 0.001. And the CTV-PTV margins in three-dimensional directions are (5.7, 9.8, 5.8) mm and (5.1, 8.0, 4.6) mm, respectively.
Conclusion
4DCBCT is superior to 3DCBCT in monitoring setup errors and supports smaller PTV margins for liver cancer radiotherapy.
Bias of AI-Generated Content: An Examination of News Produced by Large Language Models
Authors: Fang Xiao , Che Shangkun , Mao Minjia , Zhang Hongzhe , Zhao Ming , Zhao Xiaohang
Published: November 2023

Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to transform our lives and work through the content they generate, known as AI-Generated Content (AIGC). To harness this transformation, we need to understand the limitations of LLMs. Here, we investigate the bias of AIGC produced by seven representative LLMs, including ChatGPT and LLaMA. We collect news articles from The New York Times and Reuters, both known for their dedication to provide unbiased news. We then apply each examined LLM to generate news content with headlines of these news articles as prompts, and evaluate the gender and racial biases of the AIGC produced by the LLM by comparing the AIGC and the original news articles. We further analyze the gender bias of each LLM under biased prompts by adding gender-biased messages to prompts constructed from these news headlines. Our study reveals that the AIGC produced by each examined LLM demonstrates substantial gender and racial biases. Moreover, the AIGC generated by each LLM exhibits notable discrimination against females and individuals of the Black race. Among the LLMs, the AIGC generated by ChatGPT demonstrates the lowest level of bias, and ChatGPT is the sole model capable of declining content generation when provided with biased prompts.
Research on the precision forming cathode design method of electrochemical machining all-metal screw drill stator
Authors: Tang Lin , Wang Yi , Zhang Jingjing , Zhang Jun , Cao Tong , Deng Wen
Published: November 2023

In order to shorten the cathode design cycle, reduce design cost and improve forming accuracy for all-metal screw drill stator electrochemical machining (ECM), this paper proposed a precision forming cathode design method based on particle swarm optimization BP neural network (PSO-BP). The cathode design algorithm model of all-metal screw drill stator electrochemical machining was established, completed the three-side feed cathode design. By using self-developed large scale horizontal CNC electrochemical machining equipment, under the condition of voltage 19V, electrolyte 15%NaCl, electrolyte temperature 35 ± 1℃, electrolyte inlet pressure 1.6MPa, and feed speed 10mm/min, the stable and reliable electrochemical machining processing of the 4-meter length of 38CrMoAlA all-metal screw drill stator was completed. The contour forming accuracy is ± 0.03mm, and the surface roughness is Ra0.848µm. Research showed that it is an efficient and feasible method to design the electrochemical machining three-side feed cathode of all-metal screw drill stator using particle swarm optimization BP neural network.
Harnessing MoO3/TiO2 Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Reduction of [Cu(dien)(1-MeIm)Cl]Cl Complex: Paving the Way for Blue LED Application
Authors: S. Pavalamalar , K. Komal Poojha M. , R. Silambarasan , Perisetti Uttej Siva Sai Sundar , K. Anbalagan
Published: November 2023

Over the past few decades, metal oxides have attracted significant research attention due to their wide-ranging applicability in nearly every field of study. In the present study, we focus on photochemical reactions promoted by using nanoscale MoO3, TiO2 and MoO3/TiO2 nanocomposite. The nanocomposite facilitated charge separation and elevated photo-destruction efficiency of [Cu(dien)(1-MeIm)Cl]Cl complex in a mixed solvent medium via an interlayer pathway. The synthesized complex and the nanomaterials were validated by various instrumental techniques. The lifetime of charge carriers (τ = 36 ns) is higher than bare materials proving its superior photo efficacy. Introduction of 40% acetonitrile (ACN:H2O) solvent gave a higher photoreduction rate constant for Cu(II) complex by MoO3/TiO2 (5.733 x 10-2 s-1) denoting the better photocatalytic nature of nanocomposite rather than the prepared bare nanomaterials. The findings from the study unambiguously reveal that even a small amount of surface incorporation significantly shifts the material for blue LED application. Thus, it paves the way for unleashing its diverse uses, comprehending its distinctive attributes and investigating its possibilities.
Physical-chemical analyzes and sensorial evaluation of vinegar developed from kombucha (Medusomyces gisevii)
Authors: de Miranda Adriano José , de Souza Rosângela Aparecida , Cardoso Flávia Aparecida Reitz , Oviedo Manuel Salvador Vicente Plata , Perdoncini Márcia Regina Ferreira Geraldo , Rigobello Eliane Sloboda
Published: November 2023

Kombucha is a fermented drink made from tea, usually green (Camellia sinensis), sugar, or honey, with the addition of a symbiotic colony of yeast and bacteria. Because it is a drink with nutritional properties and a high concentration of organic acids, mainly acetic acid, kombucha is promising for developing vinegar through its fermentation for several weeks or months. In this study, the fermentative potential of kombucha culture was evaluated, proposing the production of three fermented acids: green tea kombucha vinegar (FAKCV), hibiscus kombucha vinegar (FAKH) and kombucha vinegar with pineapple (FAKA). The kombucha was prepared from an infusion of tea leaves and a culture of bacteria and yeast (Scoby), 10% fermented kombucha (starter), and sweetened with 70 g/L of Apis Melifera bee honey. By exploring the production of acetic acid and the sugar transformation process, physicochemical analyzes of pH, total acidity, ºBRIX, reducing sugars, sucrose, ash, and alcohol were carried out. The average value of acidity in acetic acid on the 28th and 63rd day for the fermented FAKCV was equal to 0.96 and 1.38% (m/V); FAKH 2.16 and 2.11% (m/V) and FAKA 1.88 and 2.05% (m/V), respectively. The pH values on day 28 and day 63 for FAKCV was 2.71 and 1.95; FAKH: 2.59 and 2.02, and FAKA: 2.94 and 2.15, respectively. For the soluble solids on the 63rd day of fermentation, ºBrix filtered were for FAKCV: 4.50% (m/V), FAKH: 3.75% (m/V), and FAKA: 2% (m/V). The reducing sugar content gradually decreased, and sucrose remained practically zero during fermentation. Ashes were identified close to zero on the 63rd day. The alcohol content found at the end of the fermentation process was between 0.27% (m/V) and 0.28% (m/V) for the three samples of fermented kombucha acids. A statistical study has shown an inverse relationship between the amount of residual reducing sugars and acetic acid produced. In the sensory analysis, it can be stated that green tea kombucha vinegar showed greater acceptance of aroma and flavor and greater preference among the three. It was observed that it is possible to use Apis Mellifera honey instead of sucrose in the kombucha drink or vinegar product. Given the acidity and pH obtained in the samples and the acceptability of assessors, the products have the potential to be consumed in food instead of commercial vinegar.
Study on the dynamic relationship between China's economic growth and competitive sports development: Empirical analysis based on the VAR model
Authors: Li jiang , Pan xiaofei , li zengmin
Published: November 2023

Economy is an important basis of sports development, and China's economic growth plays an important role in the development of competitive sports. Based on the data variables of China's economic growth and competitive sports output from 1978 to 2019, a vector autoregression model (VAR) was constructed to study the dynamic relationship between China's economic growth and competitive sports development. The results show that there is a long-term stable relationship between China's economic growth and competitive sports development, the development of GDP, per capita GDP and the tertiary industry can promote in the short term, while the financial expenditure can not change the development of competitive sports in the short term; the response between the economic growth and long-term significant positive effect; the development of the tertiary industry has the most significant contribution to competitive sports, and the contribution continues to increase.
The discrete analogue of high-order differential operator and its application to finding coefficients of optimal quadrature formulas
Authors: Shadimetov Kh. M. , Davronov J. R.
Published: November 2023

The discrete analogue of the differential operator plays an important role in the construction of interpolation, quadrature and cubature formulas. In this work, we consider a discrete analogue $D_m(h\beta)$ of the differential operator $\frac{d^{2m}}{dx^{2m}}+1$ designed specifically for even natural numbers $m$. The effectiveness of this operator by constructing an optimal quadrature formula in the space $L_2^{(2,0)}(0,1)$ is shown. The errors of the optimal quadrature formula in $W_2^{(2,1)}(0,1)$ space and the optimal quadrature formula in $L_2^{(2,0)}(0,1)$ space are numerically compared. Numerical results showed that the error of the optimal quadrature formula what constructed in this work is smaller than the error of the quadrature formula constructed in $W_2^{(2,1)}(0,1)$ space.
MSC: 41A05, 41A15, 65D30, 65D32, 65M60, 65L60.
Whole Mitogenome Sequencing Uncovers a Relation Between Mitochondrial Heteroplasmy and Leprosy Severity
Authors: Souza Felipe Gouvea , Silva Moisés Batista , Araújo Gilderlanio S. , Silva Caio S. , Pinheiro Andrey Henrique Gama , Cáceres-Durán Miguel Ángel , Santana-da-Silva Mayara Natália , Pinto Pablo , Gobbo Angélica Rita , Costa Patrícia Fagundes , Salgado Claudio Guedes , Ribeiro-dos-Santos Ândrea , Cavalcante Giovanna C.
Published: November 2023

Background
In recent years, a mitochondria/immune system interaction has been proposed, so that variants of mitochondrial genome and levels of heteroplasmy might deregulate important metabolic processes in fighting infections, such as leprosy. We sequenced the whole mitochondrial genome to investigate variants and heteroplasmy levels, considering patients with different clinical forms of leprosy and household contacts.
Results
We found 116 variants in at least two of the subtypes of the case group (Borderline Tuberculoid, Borderline Lepromatous, Lepromatous), suggesting a possible clinical significance to these variants. Notably, 15 variants were exclusively found in these three clinical forms, of which five variants stands out for being missense (m.3791T > C in MT-ND1, m.5317C > A in MT-ND2, m.8545G > A in MT-ATP8, m.9044T > C in MT-ATP6 and m.15837T > C in MT-CYB). In addition, we found 26 variants shared only by leprosy poles, of which two are characterized as missense (m.4248T > C in MT-ND1 and m.8027G > A in MT-CO2).
Conclusion
We found a significant number of variants and heteroplasmy levels in the leprosy patients from our cohort, suggesting for the first time that the mitogenome might be involved with the leprosy process, distinction of clinical forms and severity. Thus, future studies are needed to help understand the genetic consequences of this variants.
Cypermethrin pesticide-induced effects in carp fish (Cirrhinus mrigala): acute and chronic toxicity
Authors: Ray Sunuram , Kundu Puja , Salauddin Md. , Kabir Md. Alamgir , Billah Md Masum , Bhuiyan Md Khurshid Alam , Rahman Sheikh Mustafizur , Sarower Md. Golam , Hazra Prema
Published: November 2023

Pesticide pollution in aquatic ecosystems poses a prevalent and pressing concern, with a particular emphasis on developing nations. The effect of cypermethrin (CP), a synthetic type II pyrethroid pesticide, on phenotypic traits, enzyme activities, and biochemical nutrients in freshwater, mrigal fish (Cirrhinus mrigala) was investigated in this study. Fingerlings were exposed to CP concentrations of 0.0065, 0.013, and 0.026 ppm to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) for 32 hours and subsequently, three sub-lethal concentrations of 0.0026 ppm, 0.0013 ppm, and 0.00065 ppm were employed to analyze the chronic toxicity stress for 6 weeks. Fish fingerlings tolerated well at lower concentrations (0.0065 ppm) of CP over exposure times, while 50% mortality occurred at 0.13 ppm and 0.026 ppm after 32 hours and 4 hours of exposure, respectively. In the present investigation, growth and eye diameter showed marked differences among treatments, while remaining, total length (TL), standard length (SL), head length (HL), tail length, head width (HW), body depth (BD), body area (BA) and dressing percentage (DP) were found similar among treatments. This study revealed that the amylase and protease activities decreased significantly at increasing concentrations of CP. On the other hand, biochemical nutrients (protein, lipid, moisture, and ash) among the treatments were similar. This study proves that short-time exposure to CP has a negative impact on fish growth and enzymatic activities, however, further studies, such as metabolomic approaches are required to fully explore the effect of CP during sub-lethal exposures.
Application of 3D printing-designed split-piece sleeve prosthesis in the revision surgery of tumor-type total elbow prosthetic fractures: a case report
Authors: Zhai Kai , Zheng Kai , Xu Ming , Bao Zhe-ming , Hou Zi-wei , Yu Xiu-chun
Published: November 2023

Objective This study aimed to assess the application of split sleeve technology in the revision surgery of tumor-type total elbow prosthetic fractures.
Case report This retrospective study included a 57-year-old female patient who suffered from left upper arm pain and limited activity for half a month due to trauma. She was admitted to the 960th Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army (Jinan, China) on October 14, 2016. The histopathological type of tumor was hemangioma with active chondroblast proliferation. Following the diagnosis of a bone tumor in the left distal humerus, along with a pathological fracture, customized tumor-type total elbow prosthetic replacement was carried out due to extensive bone destruction in the affected area. After 5 years, she developed left elbow pain and difficulty in flexing the elbow when lifting heavy objects. X-ray showed that the lateral parts of the connection between the left distal humerus and the ulnar prosthesis were displaced. The patient was admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of prosthetic fracture. Given the absence of bone cement stem loosening in the humeral and ulnar bone marrow, as well as the absence of fractures or osteolysis around the prosthesis, opting for a complete prosthesis revision would result in more substantial bone damage. Hence, the decision was made to retain the original prosthesis. With the assistance of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, a split-piece sleeve prosthesis at the broken end hinge was designed, and the left distal humeral prosthesis was subsequently revised with a split-piece sleeve total elbow prosthesis at the broken end.
Outcome and Follow-up The surgical process went smoothly, and the prosthesis was accurately installed according to the preoperative design. The patient recovered well after the surgery and the incision was healed in the first stage. During the 2 year follow-up, the elbow split socket prosthesis was firmly fixed without loosening. At the last follow-up, the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) was 80 points, and the range of motion of the elbow was 25°～110°.
Conclusion The split sleeve technique possesses the advantages of low surgical difficulty, limited trauma, and definite clinical efficacy in the revision surgery of tumor-type total elbow prosthetic fractures.
Study on Friction and Vibration Characteristics of Brake Disc by Surface Micro-modeling
Authors: Li Chengdong , Jin Jianying , Sun Weihao , Liu Shuang , Tian Xu
Published: November 2023

Aiming at the problem of friction, vibration and noise during braking of disc brakes, the surface of the brake disc is micro-shaped with different densities and different angle distributions, and the finite element model of the disc brake is established. The complex eigenvalue analysis method was used to explore the influence of micro-modeling with different density and angle distribution on the friction and vibration characteristics of disc brakes under different working conditions. The results show that with the increase of braking pressure, the vibration instability of disc brakes increases. The speed of the brake disc has no obvious effect on the vibration stability of the brake; Increasing the elastic modulus of the brake disc will significantly reduce the friction vibration noise of the brake and improve the vibration stability of the brake when braking. The vibration stability of brakes with surface micro-modeling is significantly better than that of the original brakes under different pressure and speed conditions and the elastic modulus of the brake disc, and this paper provides a new idea for the structural optimization of brake vibration and noise reduction.
Sodium selenite ameliorates silver nanoparticles induced vascular endothelial cytotoxic injury by antioxidative properties and suppressing inflammation through activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway
Authors: Ma Yunyun , Wang Lei , He Jing , Ma Xueping , Wang Jingjing , Yan Ru , Ma Wanrui , Ma Huiyan , Liu Yajuan , Sun Hongqian , Zhang Xiaoxia , Jia Shaobin , Wang Hao
Published: November 2023

Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are the dominant nanomaterials in commercial products and medical field, but the widespread occurrence of AgNP has become a global threat to human health. Growing studies indicate that AgNP exposure can induce vascular endothelial toxicity by excessive oxidative stress and inflammation, which is closely related to cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the potential intrinsic mechanism remains poorly elucidated. Thus, it has been crucial to control the toxicological effects of AgNP in order to improve their safety and increase the outcome of their applications. Multiple researches have demonstrated that sodium selenite (Se) possesses the capability to counteract the toxicity of AgNP. But the functional role of Se in AgNP-induced CVD is largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to explore the potential protective effect of Se on AgNP-induced vascular endothelial lesion and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. An in vivo model of toxicity in animals was established by instillation 200 µL of AgNP into the trachea of rats both with (0.2 mg/kg/day) and without Se treated. In vitro experiments, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with AgNP (0.3 µg/mL ) and Se for a duration of 24 h. Utilizing transmission electron microscopy, we observed that internalization of AgNP-induced endothelial cells was desquamated from the internal elastic lamina, the endoplasmic reticulum was dilated and medullary vesicle formed. Se treatment reduced the levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (specifically tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6), improved endothelial cell permeability, integrity and dysfunction, and prevented damage to the aortic endothelium caused by AgNP. Importantly, we found that Se showed the capacity against AgNP with biological functions in guiding the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and meanwhile exhibiting anti-inflammation effects. Se supplementation decreased the intracellular ROS release and suppressed NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) mediated inflammation within AgNP intoxicated rats and HUVECs. The anti-oxidant stress and anti-inflammatory effects of Se were at least partly dependent on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Overall, our results indicated that the protectiveness of Se against AgNP induced vascular endothelial toxicity injury was at least attributed to inhibition of oxidative ROS and pro-inflammatory NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome by activating the Nrf2 and antioxidant enzyme (HO-1) signal pathway.
Investigation of main parameters causing decline in water level of Lake Toba during last six decades
Authors: Rosid Mohammad Syamsu , Irwandi Hendri , - Apip , Mart Terry
Published: November 2023

Lake Toba’s water level has declined in the last six decades. Hence, a comprehensive study has been conducted, which is expected to explain the leading causes of Lake Toba's water level decline. The Lake Toba water level discussion is divided into two periods, Period I (1957–1978) and Period II (1981–2020), before and after Siruar Dam’s operation. Climate change and human activities have become significant concerns. Trend tests, quantile mapping bias correction, and water balance were used in this study. The result of the trend test is an increasing trend of rainfall and temperature, while evaporation demonstrates a decreasing trend. In addition, there has been a rising trend in the consumption of lake water for domestic and non-domestic needs, agricultural irrigation, and industrial use. Significant changes in land use have also occurred, especially the decline in dryland forests and an increase in industrial forests, settlements, and dryland agriculture. In Period I, the dominant cause of the water level decrease in Lake Toba was climate. In contrast, the leading cause in Period II was human activities such as the water needs of hydroelectric power plants.
Heavy metals levels in Spinacia oleracea and Daucus carota harvested from soil treated with different amounts of sewage sludge in Pretoria, South Africa
Authors: Mugivhisa Liziwe Lizbeth , Ramaano Thabo , Oladeji Oluwaseun Mary , Olowoyo Joshua Oluwole
Published: November 2023

This study investigated the effects of four different rates of sewage sludge amendment (100, 200, 300, and 400g) on Spinacia oleracea (Leafy vegetable) and Daucus carota (Root vegetable) on the growth and the accumulation of heavy metals. The yield of S. oleracea and D. carota was measured in terms of weight while heavy metals levels at harvest were measured using ICP-MS. The growth and yield at harvest in S.oleracea were in following order 300g > 400g > 200g > 100g while in D.carota the order for the yield was 400g > 200g > 300g > 100g. Elemental concentrations showed that iron (Fe) had the highest average concentration for both plants and ranged between 68.60 ± 2.82mg/kg − 1503.00 ± 82.31mg/kg. Differences obtained as a result of the amendments were significant for heavy metals such as Fe, Pb, Cd from the different plant parts. Concentrations of Pb and Cr recorded in the leaves of S. oleracea were above the recommended limit for human consumption with the exception from leaves of S. Olereacea harvested from soil treated with 400g of sewage sludge. There was no particular trend of heavy metals accumulation noted in the experiment except for the values obtained for trace elements in the roots of D. caraota where, roots parts harvested either from soil treated with 300g or 400g recorded the highest concentrations of these elements. The bioaccumulation factor showed that the elements were bioaccumulated from the soil.
Subretinal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor in the treatment of refractory neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: chen zhiping , wan qi , zou yuling , wu xiaojian , liu rubing , you zhipeng
Published: November 2023

Purpose: To describe the anatomical and visual effects of subretinal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor in the treatment of refractory neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
Methods: Seventeen patients with refractory neovascular age-related macular degeneration were enrolled in a prospective study. All patients were injected with 0.5 mg/0.05 ml conbercept into the macular subretinal area with 41G precision microneedles.
Results: Seventeen patients (9 males and 8 females) with a mean age of 76.24±7.23 years (range 67–91 years) were followed up for a period of twelve months. The best-corrected visual acuity improved from 1.282±0.261 logMAR preoperatively to 1.046±0.255 logMAR 12 months after surgery. The macular retinal thickness decreased from 365.82±89.41 μm before surgery to 179.24±40.92 μm 12 months after surgery. The number of injections ranged from 1 to 3: once in 12 eyes (70.59%), twice in 4 eyes (23.53%), and three times in 1 eye (5.88%). No surgery-related complications were recorded in any of the study eyes.
Conclusions: Subretinal injection of anti-VEGF appears to be an effective treatment for refractory neovascular age-related macular degeneration. However, further studies are needed to analyse prognostic factors affecting functional and anatomic outcomes.
Development of SSR markers in Valeriana clarionifolia Phil. and their transferability to other Valeriana spp
Authors: Manifesto Maria Marcela , Soria Marcelo Abel , Galvan Fatima Veronica , Rivero Alexander Gabriel , Tartara Sabrina Maria Costa , Arizio Carla Marcela , Nagahama Nicolas , Fortunato Renee Hersilia
Published: November 2023

Background:
Several species from valeriana genus are valuable for their medicinal properties. Due to their economic potential, natural populations are threatened by an indiscriminate harvesting. A profitable plan for conservation and rational use must start with accurate identification and genetic diversity evaluation and tools for these purposes need development for valerian species.
In this study, we designed Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers based on transcriptome data for Valeriana clarionifolia Phil. We investigated the polymorphism of these markers and the transferability to five Valeriana species, and we check the applicability in diversity analysis.
Methods and Results:
We designed 691 markers successfully from 2216 putative simple sequence repeat loci. We isolated 11 SSR markers from 60 selected marker loci and tested their polymorphism in V. carnosa Sm., V. clarionifolia Phil, V. gamainensis N. Nagh.,V. moyanoi Speg, V. philippiana Briq. andV. lapatifolia Vahl. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to eight and the Polymorphism Information Content varied between 0.29 and 0.77. The loci analysed were successfully cross-amplified in the five congeneric species.
Conclusions:
This is the first genomic study in native valerians from Patagonia that can be extended to others worldwide Valeriana species. These tools contribute to the identification, conservation, and material selection. In this way, we can attend a severe problem of sustainability production, environmentally respectful to and product quality. Native medicinal plants could turn out in innovative crops for agriculture diversification and a promising alternative for small regional economies.
Improving Ventilator-Associated Event Surveillance with Dynamic Device-Collected Data
Authors: Graham Laura , Mudumbai Seshadri C.
Published: November 2023

Objective:
To understand the feasibility of automated surveillance, we compared the results of a surveillance algorithm to identify ventilator-associated events (VAE) to the current method of manual chart review and data entry.
Methods and Methods:
This is a retrospective cohort study of patients (n = 654) receiving mechanical ventilation in the hospital ICU between 01/01/2018 and 12/31/2019. A computerized surveillance algorithm was developed and retrospectively. Algorithm-identified ventilator days and VAEs were compared to those reported during the same period for quality improvement.
Results:
The algorithm identified 2,473 ventilator days and 41 VAEs among 39 patients. Quality improvement reports documented a similar number of days (n = 1,776, p = 0.14) and VAEs (n = 24, p = 0.13). Overall, VAE rates per 1,000 ventilator days identified by the algorithm and reported by quality improvement were similar (20.2 vs. 13.5, respectively, p = 0.46)
Discussion:
Algorithm-identified ventilator surveillance measures were no different from those identified by manual review and data entry.
Conclusion:
Triaging VAE surveillance with automated surveillance is feasible and could reduce the time and economic burden of manual chart review.