bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acoustically induced cavity cloud generated by air-gun arrays—Comparing video recordings and acoustic data to modeling
Authors: Khodabandeloo Babak , Landrø Martin
Published: June 2018

For seismic air-gun arrays, ghost cavitation is assumed to be one of the main mechanisms for high-frequency signal generation. Ghost cavitation signals are weak for seismic frequencies (<300 Hz) and do not contribute to seismic reflection profiling. In the current experiment, the ghost cavity cloud is monitored by a high-speed video camera using 120 frames per second. This is, as far as the authors know, the first convincing photographic evidence of ghost-induced cavitation. In addition to video recording, acoustic signals were recorded with a sampling rate of 312.5 kHz using broadband hydrophones suspended 17 m below the array. The pressure drop around the source array is estimated using air-gun modeling followed by a phenomenological modeling of the growth and collapse of each vapor cavity. The cumulative effect of cavity collapses is modeled based on linear superposition of the acoustic signals generated by individual cavities. The simulated acoustic ghost cavitation signal and the corresponding cavity cloud show good agreement with the field data.
She studied Mexico City. Can she lead it, too?
Authors: Wade Lizzie
Published: June 2018

Environmental engineer Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo may become the megacity's next mayor.
Background levels of methane in Mars’ atmosphere show strong seasonal variations
Authors: Webster Christopher R. , Mahaffy Paul R. , Atreya Sushil K. , Moores John E. , Flesch Gregory J. , Malespin Charles , McKay Christopher P. , Martinez German , Smith Christina L. , Martin-Torres Javier , Gomez-Elvira Javier , Zorzano Maria-Paz , Wong Michael H. , Trainer Melissa G. , Steele Andrew , Archer Doug , Sutter Brad , Coll Patrice J. , Freissinet Caroline , Meslin Pierre-Yves , Gough Raina V. , House Christopher H. , Pavlov Alexander , Eigenbrode Jennifer L. , Glavin Daniel P. , Pearson John C. , Keymeulen Didier , Christensen Lance E. , Schwenzer Susanne P. , Navarro-Gonzalez Rafael , Pla-García Jorge , Rafkin Scot C. R. , Vicente-Retortillo Álvaro , Kahanpää Henrik , Viudez-Moreiras Daniel , Smith Michael D. , Harri Ari-Matti , Genzer Maria , Hassler Donald M. , Lemmon Mark , Crisp Joy , Sander Stanley P. , Zurek Richard W. , Vasavada Ashwin R.
Published: June 2018

Measuring martian organics and methane

The Curiosity rover has been sampling on Mars for the past 5 years (see the Perspective by ten Kate). Eigenbrode
et al.
used two instruments in the SAM (Sample Analysis at Mars) suite to catch traces of complex organics preserved in 3-billion-year-old sediments. Heating the sediments released an array of organics and volatiles reminiscent of organic-rich sedimentary rock found on Earth. Most methane on Earth is produced by biological sources, but numerous abiotic processes have been proposed to explain martian methane. Webster
et al.
report atmospheric measurements of methane covering 3 martian years and found that the background level varies with the local seasons. The seasonal variation provides an important clue for determining the origin of martian methane.

Science
, this issue p.
1096
, p.
1093
; see also p.
1068
Antihomotypic affinity maturation improves human B cell responses against a repetitive epitope
Authors: Imkeller Katharina , Scally Stephen W. , Bosch Alexandre , Martí Gemma Pidelaserra , Costa Giulia , Triller Gianna , Murugan Rajagopal , Renna Valerio , Jumaa Hassan , Kremsner Peter G. , Sim B. Kim Lee , Hoffman Stephen L. , Mordmüller Benjamin , Levashina Elena A. , Julien Jean-Philippe , Wardemann Hedda
Published: June 2018

Surface antibody maturation

Affinity maturation in B cells generates antibodies with increasingly enhanced antigen-binding properties. Imkeller
et al.
investigated the maturation of human B cells that express protective antibodies against the circumsporozoite protein of the malaria-causing parasite
Plasmodium falciparum
(PfCSP). The repetitive structure of PfCSP induces mutations in B cells, facilitating direct interactions between two repeat-bound antibodies against PfCSP, which enhance antigen affinity and B cell activation. Such interactions may optimize binding and promote clustering of surface antibodies in general.

Science
, this issue p.
1358
High-resolution comparative analysis of great ape genomes
Authors: Kronenberg Zev N. , Fiddes Ian T. , Gordon David , Murali Shwetha , Cantsilieris Stuart , Meyerson Olivia S. , Underwood Jason G. , Nelson Bradley J. , Chaisson Mark J. P. , Dougherty Max L. , Munson Katherine M. , Hastie Alex R. , Diekhans Mark , Hormozdiari Fereydoun , Lorusso Nicola , Hoekzema Kendra , Qiu Ruolan , Clark Karen , Raja Archana , Welch AnneMarie E. , Sorensen Melanie , Baker Carl , Fulton Robert S. , Armstrong Joel , Graves-Lindsay Tina A. , Denli Ahmet M. , Hoppe Emma R. , Hsieh PingHsun , Hill Christopher M. , Pang Andy Wing Chun , Lee Joyce , Lam Ernest T. , Dutcher Susan K. , Gage Fred H. , Warren Wesley C. , Shendure Jay , Haussler David , Schneider Valerie A. , Cao Han , Ventura Mario , Wilson Richard K. , Paten Benedict , Pollen Alex , Eichler Evan E.
Published: June 2018

A spotlight on great ape genomes

Most nonhuman primate genomes generated to date have been “humanized” owing to their many gaps and the reliance on guidance by the reference human genome. To remove this humanizing effect, Kronenberg
et al.
generated and assembled long-read genomes of a chimpanzee, an orangutan, and two humans and compared them with a previously generated gorilla genome. This analysis recognized genomic structural variation specific to humans and particular ape lineages. Comparisons between human and chimpanzee cerebral organoids showed down-regulation of the expression of specific genes in humans, relative to chimpanzees, related to noncoding variation identified in this analysis.

Science
, this issue p.
eaar6343
Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Chloramphenicol Resistance Requires an Inner Membrane Permease
Authors: Karalewitz Andrew P.-A. , Miller Samuel I.
Published: June 2018

Acinetobacter baumanniiis a Gram-negative organism that is a cause of hospital-acquired multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections.A. baumanniihas a unique cell surface compared to those of many other Gram-negative pathogens in that it can live without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and it has a high content of cardiolipin in the outer membrane.
Substrate-Specific Differential Gene Expression and RNA Editing in the Brown Rot Fungus Fomitopsis pinicola
Authors: Wu Baojun , Gaskell Jill , Held Benjamin W. , Toapanta Cristina , Vuong Thu , Ahrendt Steven , Lipzen Anna , Zhang Jiwei , Schilling Jonathan S. , Master Emma , Grigoriev Igor V. , Blanchette Robert A. , Cullen Dan , Hibbett David S.
Published: June 2018

All species of wood-decaying fungi occur on a characteristic range of substrates (host plants), which may be broad or narrow. Understanding the mechanisms that enable fungi to grow on particular substrates is important for both fungal ecology and applied uses of different feedstocks in industrial processes. We grew the wood-decaying polypore
Fomitopsis pinicola
on three different wood species, aspen, pine, and spruce, under various culture conditions. We examined both gene expression (transcription levels) and RNA editing (posttranscriptional modification of RNA, which can potentially yield different proteins from the same gene). We found that
F. pinicola
is able to modify both gene expression and RNA editing profiles across different substrate species and culture conditions. Many of the genes involved encode enzymes with known or predicted functions in wood decay. This work provides clues to how wood-decaying fungi may adjust their arsenal of decay enzymes to accommodate different host substrates.
Identification, Cloning, and Characterization of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Coagulase
Authors: Sewid Alaa H. , Hassan M. Nabil , Ammar A. M. , Bemis David A. , Kania Stephen A.
Published: June 2018

Coagulase activation of prothrombin by staphylococcus induces the formation of fibrin deposition that facilitates the establishment of infection by
Staphylococcus
species. Coagulase activity is a key characteristic of
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
; however, no coagulase gene or associated protein has been studied to characterize this activity.
A Single Locus Controls Interferon Gamma-Independent Antiretroviral Neutralizing Antibody Responses
Authors: Kane Melissa , Deiss Felicity , Chervonsky Alexander , Golovkina Tatyana V.
Published: June 2018

Understanding the signals that stimulate antibody production and class switch recombination to specific antibody isotypes is crucial for the development of novel vaccines and adjuvants. While an interferon gamma-mediated switch to the IgG2a isotype upon viral infection in mice has been well established, this investigation reveals a noncanonical, interferon gamma-independent pathway for antiretroviral antibody production and IgG2a class switch recombination that is controlled by a single recessive locus. Furthermore, this study indicates that the radiation-resistant compartment can direct antiviral antibody responses, suggesting that detection of infection by nonhematopoietic cells is involved is stimulating adaptive immunity.
Stressful life events and resilience among carers of Aboriginal children in urban New South Wales: cross-sectional findings from the Study of Environment on Aboriginal Resilience and Child Health (SEARCH)
Authors: Young Christian , Craig Jonathan C , Clapham Kathleen , Williams Sandra , Williamson Anna
Published: June 2018

Objective

In caregivers of urban Aboriginal children, to determine the frequency of major stressful life events, the proportion who meet criteria for resilience, and factors that are associated with resilience.

Design

Cross-sectional survey.

Setting

Four Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services located in urban or regional areas in New South Wales, Australia.

Participants

574 caregivers of Aboriginal children participating in the Study of Environment on Aboriginal Resilience and Child Health.

Primary outcome measure

Resilience, defined as having experienced three or more stressful life events in the last 12 months, and having scores of ≤21 on the Kessler 10 Psychological Distress scale.

Results

Over half (315, 55%) of the caregivers reported three or more stressful life events—the most common being a close family member who was hospitalised with a serious medical problem (259, 45%). Of the participants who experienced three or more stressful life events, almost three-quarters (227, 72%) met the criteria for resilience. Using multivariable analysis, two factors were independently associated with resilience: not having a physical health problem that limited normal activities (adjusted OR (aOR) 4.3; 95% CI 2.0 to 9.0), and not having problems caused by alcohol within the home (aOR 5.3; 95% CI 2.2 to 12.8). Having a child whose behaviour placed a great deal of burden on the family was associated with less resilience (aOR 0.25; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.68).

Conclusions

Caregivers of urban Aboriginal children experienced a large number of stressful events, the most common being the poor health of close family members, but most exhibited resilience. Resilience was associated with stable family environments and good physical health. The high number of stressful life events that caregivers experience is reflective of broader inequalities that Aboriginal communities face. The availability of easily accessible and long-term health and support services may go some way to reducing this inequality and improving social and emotional well-being for Aboriginal families.
Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism Also Improves Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Er Mukremin
Published: June 2018

Anticoagulants are the standard form of treatment used in deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Thrombolytic therapy is another method to treat thromboembolism by using intravenous administration of streptokinase, urokinase and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA). We have investigated the effect of r-tPA, a systemic thrombolytic used for the treatment of pulmonary emboli, on DVT in the same patients. 130 patients who were diagnosed with both pulmonary embolism and DVT were included in this study. Lower extremity Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) was conducted on all of the patients upon admission and then on the 6th month. The patients were divided into two groups. Patıents in Group 1 were initially given 100 mg thrombolytic (r-tPA) intravenously and then standard anticoagulation therapy (enoxaparin sodium and warfarin). Patients in Group 2, however, were given only standard anticoagulation therapy (enoxaparin sodium and warfarin). In the 6th month DUS follow-up control for Group 1, out of 66 cases, the venous thrombosis of 54 patients were completely resolved, and the remaining 12 patients had residual vein occlusion (RVO). In Group 2, out of 64 cases, 41 patients were found to have complete resolution, while 23 patients continued to have RVO. This difference was statistically significant (p=0.029). OR was calculated to be 2.47. In other words, the risk of RVO was increased by 2.47 times in the patients who were not treated with r-tPA. Thrombolytic therapy of DVT should be considered more frequently to avoid complications of thrombosis, and DUS monitoring should be recommended before discontinuing anticoagulant therapy.
Alternative payment models: can (should) trauma care be bundled?
Authors: Kerwin Andrew James , Mercel Alexandra , Skarupa David J , Tepas Joseph J , Ra Jin H , Ebler David , Hsu Albert , Shiber Joseph , Crandall Marie L
Published: June 2018

Background

Recent legislation repealing the Sustainable Growth Rate mandates gradual replacement of fee for service with alternative payment models (APMs), which will include service bundling. We analyzed the 2 years’ experience at our state-designated level I trauma center to determine the feasibility of such an approach for trauma care.

Methods

De-identified data from all injured patients treated by the trauma service during 2014 and 2015 were reviewed to determine individual patient injury profiles. Using these injury profiles we created the ‘trauma bundle’ by concatenating the highest Abbreviated Injury Scale score for each of the six body regions to produce a single ‘signature’ of injury by region for every patient. These trauma bundles were analyzed by frequency over 2 years and by each year. The impacts of physiology and resource consumption were evaluated by determination of the correlation of the mean and SD of calculated survival probability (Ps) and intensive care unit length of stay (ICU LOS) for each profile group occurring more than 12 times in 2 years.

Results

The 5813 patients treated over 2 years produced 858 distinct injury profiles, only 8% (71) of which occurred more than 12 times in 2 years. Comparison of 2014 and 2015 profiles demonstrated high frequency variation among profiles between the 2 years. Analysis of injury patterns occurring >12 times in 2 years demonstrated an inverse correlation between the mean and SD for Ps (R2=0.68) and a direct correlation for ICU LOS (R2=0.84).

Discussion

These data indicate that the disease of injury is too inconsistent a mix of injury pattern and physiologic response to be predictably bundled for an APM. The inverse correlation of increasing SD with increasing ICU LOS and decreasing Ps suggests an opportunity for measurable process improvement.

Level of evidence

Economic and value-based evaluations, level IV.

Study type

Economic/decision.
Flowering phenology and trap pollination of the rare endemic plantCeropegia thaithongiaein montane forest of northern Thailand
Authors: Auttama Phakpoom , McKey Doyle , Kidyoo Aroonrat
Published: June 2018

Although Ceropegia species are well known for their complex pitfall flowers that temporarily imprison their pollinators, various aspects of their pollination ecology are still unknown. This study investigated flowering phenology, functional floral traits, and insect visitation in a natural population of a rare endemic lithophyte, Ceropegia thaithongiae Kidyoo. Flowering of C. thaithongiae was not synchronous but staggered. Anthesis lasted mostly 1–2 days, but its duration was shorter in flowers with a pollinium inserted into the stigmatic chamber. Several different insects visited flowers, but only chloropid and milichiid flies were effective pollinators. At anthesis, the epithelial osmophores on the corolla lobes emitted a floral scent that was simple in composition. Nectar of high viscosity was exuded from the nectaries hidden behind the guide rails. When transported by an insect, the pollinarium was attached to bristles on the mouthparts. Size and shape of the thin pellucid margin of the pollinium enable it to fit into the stigmatic chamber in a lock-and-key arrangement. The pollen transfer efficiency was 6.8%. The plant’s staggered flowering and pollination-induced ending of anthesis are advantageous in decreasing competition for pollinators when flower-visiting insects are scarce.
A Novel Framework for Sentiment and Emoticon-Based Clustering and Indexing of Tweets
Authors: Samuel Avinash , Sharma Dilip Kumar
Published: June 2018

Social Networks have become an important part of people’s life as they share their day-to-day happenings, portray their opinions on various topics or find out information related to their queries. Due to the overwhelming volume of tweets generated on a daily basis, it is not possible to read all the tweets and differentiate the tweets based on the views or the attitude they portray only. The primary objective of sentiment analysis is to find out the attitude/emotion/opinion/sentiment that is present in the material provided. Commonly, the tweets can be clustered on the basis of them being positive or negative i.e. being in favour of the topic or being against the topic. The clustering and indexing of the tweets help in the organisation, searching, and summarisation of task. Twitter data are considered as Big Data and the information contained within the tweets is unstructured and if utilised properly can be very useful for educational and governance purposes. In this paper, a method is presented which clusters and then indexes the tweets on the basis of the sentiments and emoticons that are present in the tweet.
Searches for Supersymmetry in ATLAS
Authors: Cervelli A.
Published: June 2018

After the discovery of the Higgs boson in ATLAS first run of data taking, and due to the lack of observation of new physics, searches for new particles such as Supersymmetric states are one of the main area of interest for the general purpose detectors operating at LHC. In this talk we will present a review of the searches for Supersymmetric particles, performed by the ATLAS experiment
Generalized Parton Distributions and the Structure of the Hadrons
Authors: Selyugin O. V.
Published: June 2018

The dependence of the hadron interaction on its structure is examined in the framework of the generalized parton distributions (GPDs). The [Formula: see text] dependence of the GPDs is determined by the parton distribution functions (PDFs), which were obtained from the deep inelastic scattering. The analysis of the whole sets of experimental data on the electromagnetic form factors of the proton and neutron with taking into account many forms of PDFs, obtained by the different Collaborations, make it possible to obtain the special momentum transfer dependence of the GPDs. This permits us to obtain the electromagnetic and gravitomagnetic form factors of the nucleons. The impact parameter dependence of the proton and neutron charge and matter densities is examined. The elastic hadron scattering at high energies was analyzed in the framework of the model that takes into account both these form factors (electromagnetic and gravitomagnetic).
Devify
Authors: Chen Jollen
Published: June 2018

This paper addresses the issue of current Internet of Things (IoT) development---the decentralized IoT model---in a manner of a peer-to-peer network and interoperable IoT devices. This paper proposes a new IoT software architecture, the Devify software framework, to address the peer-to-peer IoT network and the interoperable IoT device development. Besides, the work also shows through experiments that an IoT application server can simply use the flow-based programming (FBP) paradigm to define the application as a data exchange network. Therefore, the software architecture also provides such FBP runtime environment for writing IoT application servers.
High definition maps in urban context
Authors: Zang Andi , Chen Xin , Trajcevski Goce
Published: June 2018

Part of the challenges in the quest for smart cities is to enable effective navigation for different types of mobile users: from pedestrians, through drivers, to autonomous vehicles. While the data sources to facilitate such tasks abound, one of the pressing problems is how to enable efficient management and download of the data needed to populate the screens of devices with the appropriate visualization.

In this paper, we present an overview of the different issues and the main features of the existing technologies that, in one way or another, could be used as foundations for effective solution for generating quality maps. We also discuss the possible approaches for addressing such issues in the context of accurate self-localization of vehicles.
The 25th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems (ACM SIGSPATIAL 2017) Redondo Beach, California, USA November 7--10, 2017
Authors: Trajcevski Goce , Ravada Siva , Tamassia Roberto
Published: June 2018

This report describes the development and finalization of the 25th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems (ACM SIGSPATIAL 2017), held in Redondo Beach, California, USA, November 7--10, 2017.
ACM SIGSPATIAL GIS Cup 2017
Authors: Werner Martin , Oliver Dev
Published: June 2018

The 25th ACM SIGSPATIAL GIS Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems was held in November 2017. In conjunction with the main conference, we organized the 6th GIS-focused algorithm competition called the ACM SIGSPATIAL GIS Cup 2017. The contest was about calculating range queries using the Fréchet distance of trajectories in mobility datasets.
Evolution is the new deep learning
Authors: Miikkulainen Risto , Hodjat Babak , Qiu Xin , Liang Jason , Meyerson Elliot , Rawal Aditya , Shahrzad Hormoz
Published: June 2018

Deep learning (DL) has transformed much of AI, and demonstrated how machine learning can make a difference in the real world. Its core technology is gradient descent, which has been used in neural networks since the 1980s. However, massive expansion of available training data and compute gave it a new instantiation that significantly increased its power.
Artificial evolution 2017
Authors: Thomson Sarah
Published: June 2018

Artificial Evolution 2017 took place in the heart of Paris, in Institut des Systèmes Complexes, situated on a wide and architecturally beautiful boulevard. On arrival, attendees were given conference mugs and a choice of flavoured French chocolate. The conference began with a warm welcome from chair Dr. Evelyne Lutton, who displayed a world-map of the attendees this year. There were people from France, the UK, Germany, Austria, Canada and Ireland. Throughout its duration, Artificial Evolution introduced its international guests to the very best French cheese, wine, food and art! In line with the conference name, the social event was held at a gallery displaying evolutionary art.
Subacute TGFβ expression drives inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and pulmonary function abnormalities in mice with effects dependent on CFTR function
Authors: Kramer Elizabeth L. , Hardie William D. , Madala Satish K. , Davidson Cynthia , Clancy John P.
Published: June 2018

Cystic fibrosis (CF) produces variable lung disease phenotypes that are, in part, independent of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator ( CFTR) genotype. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is the best described genetic modifier of the CF phenotype, but its mechanism of action is unknown. We hypothesized that TGFβ is sufficient to drive pathognomonic features of CF lung disease in vivo and that CFTR deficiency enhances susceptibility to pathological TGFβ effects. A CF mouse model and littermate controls were exposed intratracheally to an adenoviral vector containing the TGFβ1 cDNA (Ad-TGFβ), empty vector, or PBS only. Studies were performed 1 wk after treatment, including lung mechanics, collection of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and analysis of lung histology, RNA, and protein. CF and non-CF mice showed similar weight loss, inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and Smad pathway activation after Ad-TGFβ treatment. Ad-TGFβ produced greater abnormalities in lung mechanics in CF versus control mice, which was uniquely associated with induction of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. CFTR transcripts were reduced, and epithelial sodium channel transcripts were increased in CF and non-CF mice, whereas the goblet cell transcription factors, forkhead ortholog A3 and SAM-pointed domain-containing ETS-like factor, were increased in non-CF but not CF mice following Ad-TGFβ treatment. Pulmonary TGFβ1 expression was sufficient to produce pulmonary remodeling and abnormalities in lung mechanics that were associated with both shared and unique cell signaling pathway activation in CF and non-CF mice. These results highlight the multifunctional impact of TGFβ on pulmonary pathology in vivo and identify cellular-response differences that may impact CF lung pathology.
Competition for blood flow distribution between respiratory and locomotor muscles: implications for muscle fatigue
Authors: Sheel A. William , Boushel Robert , Dempsey Jerome A.
Published: June 2018

Sympathetically induced vasoconstrictor modulation of local vasodilation occurs in contracting skeletal muscle during exercise to ensure appropriate perfusion of a large active muscle mass and to maintain also arterial blood pressure. In this synthesis, we discuss the contribution of group III-IV muscle afferents to the sympathetic modulation of blood flow distribution to locomotor and respiratory muscles during exercise. This is followed by an examination of the conditions under which diaphragm and locomotor muscle fatigue occur. Emphasis is given to those studies in humans and animal models that experimentally changed respiratory muscle work to evaluate blood flow redistribution and its effects on locomotor muscle fatigue, and conversely, those that evaluated the influence of coincident limb muscle contraction on respiratory muscle blood flow and fatigue. We propose the concept of a “two-way street of sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity” emanating from both limb and respiratory muscle metaboreceptors during exercise, which constrains blood flow and O2transport thereby promoting fatigue of both sets of muscles. We end with considerations of a hierarchy of blood flow distribution during exercise between respiratory versus locomotor musculatures and the clinical implications of muscle afferent feedback influences on muscle perfusion, fatigue, and exercise tolerance.
Novel methods of imaging and analysis for the thermoregulatory sweat test
Authors: Carroll Michael S. , Reed David W. , Kuntz Nancy L. , Weese-Mayer Debra E.
Published: June 2018

The thermoregulatory sweat test (TST) can be central to the identification and management of disorders affecting sudomotor function and small sensory and autonomic nerve fibers, but the cumbersome nature of the standard testing protocol has prevented its widespread adoption. A high-resolution, quantitative, clean and simple assay of sweating could significantly improve identification and management of these disorders. Images from 89 clinical TSTs were analyzed retrospectively using two novel techniques. First, using the standard indicator powder, skin surface sweat distributions were determined algorithmically for each patient. Second, a fundamentally novel method using thermal imaging of forced evaporative cooling was evaluated through comparison with the standard technique. Correlation and receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to determine the degree of match between these methods, and the potential limits of thermal imaging were examined through cumulative analysis of all studied patients. Algorithmic encoding of sweating and nonsweating regions produces a more objective analysis for clinical decision-making. Additionally, results from the forced cooling method correspond well with those from indicator powder imaging, with a correlation across spatial regions of −0.78 (confidence interval: −0.84 to −0.71). The method works similarly across body regions, and frame-by-frame analysis suggests the ability to identify sweating regions within ~1 s of imaging. Although algorithmic encoding can enhance the standard sweat testing protocol, thermal imaging with forced evaporative cooling can dramatically improve the TST by making it less time consuming and more patient friendly than the current approach.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY The thermoregulatory sweat test (TST) can be central to the identification and management of several common neurological disorders, but the cumbersome nature of the standard testing protocol has prevented its widespread adoption. In this study, images from 89 clinical TSTs were analyzed retrospectively using two novel techniques. Our results suggest that these improved methods could make sweat testing more reliable and acceptable for screening and management of a range of neurological disorders.
Misinterpretation of Psychiatric Illness in Deaf Patients: Two Case Reports
Authors: Anglemyer Ethan , Crespi Craig
Published: June 2018

The Deaf/hard of hearing population is growing rapidly and the medical community is facing a higher demand for this special needs group. The Deaf culture is unique in that spoken word is via sign language. What one person may see as mania or psychosis is actually a norm with Deaf individuals. The fear of the unknown language often creates immediate conclusions that are false. As such, being culturally sensitive becomes a large component of properly assessing a Deaf patient in any psychiatric situation. In the first case, the patient is a 26-year-old prelingually Deaf male, who was placed under an involuntary hold by the emergency room physician for acting erratic and appearing to respond to internal stimuli. The patient was later interviewed with an interpreter and stated he became upset because the staff was not providing him proper care as they lacked an ability to communicate with him. The patient’s family was called who corroborated the story and requested he be discharged. Case two presents with a 30-year-old Hispanic male who is also prelingually Deaf. He was admitted involuntary for bizarre behavior and delusions, with a past diagnosis of schizophrenia. Upon interview, the patient endorsed delusions via written language; however, through an ASL-language interpreter he was able to convey a linear and coherent thought process. Caring for special needs patients must be in the repertoire of any trained healthcare professional. Deaf Individuals experience mental illness just like the general population. Symptoms such as auditory hallucinations are not brought up in the same manner and are thought to be a visual construct interpreted by the patient as a vocal expression. It is imperative that these subtle differences are known in order to differentiate out an actual mental illness. In any case where language is a barrier, an interpreter must be present for a thorough assessment. These cases lend further thought into policy reform for Deaf individuals within healthcare.
Heat Stroke with Status Epilepticus Secondary to Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)
Authors: Koh Y. H.
Published: June 2018

Heat stroke is a life threatening, multisystem disorder characterized by severe hyperthermia (core body temperature > 41.1°C) with central nervous system dysfunction and/or other end organ damage. Neurological complications, such as disturbances of consciousness, convulsion, profound mental change, disorientation, or even prolonged coma, were present in almost all cases of exertional heat stroke (EHS). We present a case of EHS with severe rhabdomyolysis and acute oliguric kidney injury in a 20-year-old healthy marathon runner, who developed status epilepticus on Day 4 of his admission. The patient was managed in ICU with renal replacement therapy and aggressive seizure control. He made a full recovery after 2 weeks of ICU stay. Diagnosis of EHS with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) secondary to acute kidney injury was made.
A Combined System of Ground Well and Composted Olive Cake for Hot Water Production at Olive Mills
Authors: Al-Widyan Mohamad I. , Rababah Taha M. , Al-Mahasneh Majdi
Published: June 2018

Building a system that consists of a combination of geothermal component (water well (pit)) and heat recovery from aerobic biological fermentation of olive cake for hot water production at an olive mill is examined in this work. Hot water is essential for mill operation and constitutes a main operational cost, and in many countries, including Jordan, it is normally produced using diesel fuel. In this process, treated and untreated olive cake was characterized. Results show that olive cake is rich in crude fiber and NFE, contains moderate amounts of crude protein and fat, and a good amount of ash. The as-received moisture content ranged from 33.3 to 35.6%, while water activity was between 0.93 and 0.96. The total counts, thermophilic bacteria, and the total mold count of fermentation ranged, respectively, from 2.1 × 108 to 2.4 × 108, 1.7 × 104 to 1.9 × 104, and 1.5 × 102 to 1.7 × 102. The temperature results showed that the well and the covered tank led to a rise in water temperature before entering the boiler in the range of 7 to 13°C. The system effected significant raises in water temperature entering the boiler ranging from 19°C up to 25°C, which holds a promising potential for the system to satisfy much of the mills needs at this range of temperature before entering the boiler provided a large enough pile (pile scale up) is used to handle larger flow rates. The exhausted cake may well be utilized as a soil organic fertilizer.
Evaluation of Tumor Viability for Primary and Bone Metastases in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Using Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Iwamura Hiromichi , Kaiho Yasuhiro , Ito Jun , Anan Go , Satani Nozomi , Matsuura Tomonori , Tamura Ryo , Murakami Kazuhiro , Koyama Kaneki , Sato Makoto
Published: June 2018

In contrast to bone scan and computed tomography (CT), which depend on osteoblastic response to detect bone metastasis, whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) may be able to directly detect viable tumors. A 75-year-old male who had progressive metastatic prostate cancer during primary androgen deprivation therapy was referred to our hospital. Although bone scan and CT showed multiple bone metastases, WB-MRI suggested nonviable bone metastasis and viable tumor of the primary lesion. Prostate needle biopsy demonstrated viable prostate cancer cells from 10 of 12 cores. In contrast, CT-guided needle biopsy from bone metastasis of the lumbar vertebra revealed no malignant cells. Based on these findings, we reasoned that viable tumor cells inducing disease progression may primarily exist in the primary lesions and not in the metastatic lesions, and combined prostate radiotherapy and systemic hormonal therapy resulted in successful clinical response and disease control. The use of WB-MRI to detect viable disease lesions may enable us to design optimal treatment strategies for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Supercritical Coexistence Behavior of Coupled Oscillating Planar Eccentric Rotor/Autobalancer System
Authors: Jung DaeYi
Published: June 2018

The automatic balancing and undesirable nonsynchronous behavior of coupled oscillating configured flexible foundation and planar eccentric rotor equipped with a passive autobalancer (AB) system has been thoroughly investigated here. Specifically, it is described that the unified AB/rotor unit is attached to a foundation via a symmetric support and the foundation is also mounted on the spring‐damper isolator which allows oscillating only vertically. Therefore, the AB/rotor unit dynamically interacts with the flexible foundation, which is quite analogous to well‐known vertically coupled two‐spring and two‐mass oscillator. Although the single unit AB/rotor system is widely explored in the related AB studies, such coupled arrangement with AB discussed here has not been previously investigated and thus needs to be explored for further application of AB into various vibration isolation problems of other complicated machines/settings. Therefore, solutions for the synchronous stable balanced and the nonsynchronous unstable limit cycle response of AB/rotor/foundation system are obtained via a fixed equilibrium condition and a harmonic like balancing approach. Furthermore, the stability of each response is assessed via a perturbation and Floquet analysis and, for the system parameters and operating speeds, the undesirable coexistence of the wanted stable balanced synchronous response and undesirable nonsynchronous limit cycle has been thoroughly studied. Due to coupled oscillating feature, it is newly found that the multiple limit cycles are encountered in the range of supercritical speeds and more complicated coexistence is attracted into the system, as well as the damping parameters of coupled components (i.e., flexible foundation) influences of the undesirable limit cycle of AB on the particular supercritical speeds. The findings in this paper yield important insights for researchers wishing to utilize automatic balancing devices in more practical rotor systems coupled with additional vibrating mechanical subsystem such as a washing machine or a reciprocating air conditioning compressor with a flexible foundation.
Advanced QoS Provisioning and Mobile Fog Computing for 5G
Authors: Shuminoski Tomislav , Kitanov Stojan , Janevski Toni
Published: June 2018

This paper presents a novel QoS and mobile cloud and fog computing framework for future fifth generation (5G) of mobile and fixed nodes with radio network aggregation capability. The proposed 5G framework is leading to high QoS provisioning for any given multimedia service, higher bandwidth utilization, traffic load sharing, mobile cloud plus fog computing features, and multi‐radio interface capabilities. The framework is user‐centric, targeted at always‐on connectivity with using radio network aggregation for available mobile broadband connections, and empowered with mobile cloud and fog computing advantages. Moreover, our proposed framework is using Lyapunov drift‐plus‐penalty theorem that provides a methodology for designing algorithm to maximize the average throughput and stabilize the queuing. Also, we are showing the upper bound of the consumed power and the lower bound of the battery lifetime for the proposed 5G terminal. The advanced performance of our 5G QoS plus MCC framework is evaluated using simulations and analysis with multimedia traffic in heterogeneous mobile and wireless environment. The simulation results are showing that the maximal network utilization, maximal throughput, minimal end‐to‐end delay, efficient energy consumption, and other performance improvements are achieved.
On the Maximum Term and Central Index of Entire Functions and Their Derivatives
Authors: Long Jianren , Qin Zhigao
Published: June 2018

We shall establish some criteria on entire series with finite logarithmic order in terms of maximum term and central index.
Primary Angiosarcoma of the Breast after Bilateral Breast Reduction
Authors: Philip Justus , Bender Elizabeth , Waite Kristy
Published: June 2018

Angiosarcoma of the breast is a rare malignancy of endothelial cell origin, representing less than 1% of all breast malignancy. Primary angiosarcomas can occur in the setting of chronic lymphedema, but it also may occur spontaneously without any preceding treatment. Surgery is the primary therapeutic intervention for breast angiosarcomas with radiation and chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment. Angiosarcomas are aggressive and tend to have a high risk of local and metastatic recurrence. We present a case of primary angiosarcoma that developed in a patient who had bilateral breast reduction surgery in the past.
A Simple and Accurate Interpretation Method of In Situ Stress Measurement Based on Rock Kaiser Effect and Its Application
Authors: Zhao Kang , Gu Shuijie , Yan Yajing , Zhou Keping , Li Qiang , Zhu Shengtang
Published: June 2018

Many deep underground excavation practices show that the size and distribution of in situ stress are the main factors resulting in the deformation and instability of the surrounding rock structure. The in situ stress measured by the Kaiser effect of rock is used by engineers because of its economy and convenience. However, due to the lack of quantitative judgment basis in determining the Kaiser point position, there is a large artificial error in the practical application. In response to the problem, this study systematically investigates the characteristics of rock acoustic emission curve on the basis of the fractal theory and establishes an accurate and simple interpretation method for determining the Kaiser point position. The indoor rock acoustic emission test was carried out by drilling a rock sample at a mine site. By using the conventional tangent method, the cumulative ringing count rate-time-stress curve of rock acoustic emission is analyzed to preliminarily determine the time range of Kaiser point appearance. Considering that the fractal dimension of the rock Kaiser point is lower than the adjacent point, the minimum point of the fractal dimension of this time range can be determined from the fractal dimension-time-stress curve. Such determined point is the Kaiser point. The size of the in situ stress is calculated using an analytical method. Based on the value of the in situ stress, the distribution of the in situ stress in the mining area is further analyzed using the geological structure of the mine. The maximum principal stress is 19.38 MPa, with a direction of N (30°-40°) E, and the minimum principal stress is 8.02 MPa with a direction of N (50°-60°) W. The maximum and minimum principal stresses are approximately in the horizontal plane. The intermediate principal stress is 11.73 MPa in vertically downward. These results are basically consistent with the distribution statistical law of the measured in situ stress fields in the world. The results presented in the study could provide a reference for the later mining, stability evaluation, and support of the surrounding rock.
Macrophages Promote Circulating Tumor Cell–Mediated Local Recurrence following Radiotherapy in Immunosuppressed Patients
Authors: Rafat Marjan , Aguilera Todd A. , Vilalta Marta , Bronsart Laura L. , Soto Luis A. , von Eyben Rie , Golla Meghana A. , Ahrari Yasaman , Melemenidis Stavros , Afghahi Anosheh , Jenkins Melissa J. , Kurian Allison W. , Horst Kathleen C. , Giaccia Amato J. , Graves Edward E.
Published: June 2018

Although radiotherapy (RT) decreases the incidence of locoregional recurrence in breast cancer, patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have increased risk of local recurrence following breast-conserving therapy. The relationship between RT and local recurrence is unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that recurrence in some instances is due to the attraction of circulating tumor cells to irradiated tissues. To evaluate the effect of absolute lymphocyte count on local recurrence after RT in patients with TNBC, we analyzed radiation effects on tumor and immune cell recruitment to tissues in an orthotopic breast cancer model. Recurrent patients exhibited a prolonged low absolute lymphocyte count when compared with nonrecurrent patients following RT. Recruitment of tumor cells to irradiated normal tissues was enhanced in the absence of CD8+ T cells. Macrophages (CD11b+F480+) preceded tumor cell infiltration and were recruited to tissues following RT. Tumor cell recruitment was mitigated by inhibiting macrophage infiltration using maraviroc, an FDA-approved CCR5 receptor antagonist. Our work poses the intriguing possibility that excessive macrophage infiltration in the absence of lymphocytes promotes local recurrence after RT. This combination thus defines a high-risk group of patients with TNBC.

Significance: This study establishes the importance of macrophages in driving tumor cell recruitment to sites of local radiation therapy and suggests that this mechanism contributes to local recurrence in women with TNBC that are also immunosuppressed.

Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/15/4241/F1.large.jpg. Cancer Res; 78(15); 4241–52. ©2018 AACR.
A Secondary Mutation inBRAFConfers Resistance to RAF Inhibition in aBRAFV600E-Mutant Brain Tumor
Authors: Wang Jiawan , Yao Zhan , Jonsson Philip , Allen Amy N. , Qin Alice Can Ran , Uddin Sharmeen , Dunkel Ira J. , Petriccione Mary , Manova Katia , Haque Sofia , Rosenblum Marc K. , Pisapia David J. , Rosen Neal , Taylor Barry S. , Pratilas Christine A.
Published: June 2018

BRAFV600E hyperactivates ERK and signals as a RAF inhibitor–sensitive monomer. Although RAF inhibitors can produce impressive clinical responses in patients with mutant BRAF tumors, the mechanisms of resistance to these drugs are incompletely characterized. Here, we report a complete response followed by clinical progression in a patient with a BRAFV600E-mutant brain tumor treated with dabrafenib. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a secondary BRAFL514V mutation at progression that was not present in the pretreatment tumor. Expressing BRAFV600E/L514V induces ERK signaling, promotes RAF dimer formation, and is sufficient to confer resistance to dabrafenib. Newer RAF dimer inhibitors and an ERK inhibitor are effective against BRAFL514V-mediated resistance. Collectively, our results validate a novel biochemical mechanism of RAF inhibitor resistance mediated by a secondary mutation, emphasizing that, like driver mutations in cancer, the spectrum of mutations that drive resistance to targeted therapy are heterogeneous and perhaps emerge with a lineage-specific prevalence.

Significance: In contrast to receptor tyrosine kinases, in which secondary mutations are often responsible for acquired resistance, second-site mutations in BRAF have not been validated in clinically acquired resistance to RAF inhibitors. We demonstrate a secondary mutation in BRAF (V600E/L514V) following progression on dabrafenib and confirm functionally that this mutation is responsible for resistance. Cancer Discov; 8(9); 1130–41. ©2018 AACR.

See related commentary by Romano and Kwong, p. 1064.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1047
The Modification of Fluorescein Angiography and Its Applications in Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
Authors: Peng Qing , Chen Yutong , Hua Rui
Published: June 2018

Aim: To establish a novel retinal angiography method, red-free angiography (RFA), to investigate retinal changes in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). Methods: Following the venous phase of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), the detection mode was switched to red-free reflectance to acquire RFA images using the same parameters. Results: RFA showed subretinal fluid, polyps, and outer retinal tubulation, with a higher definition than the FFA and red-free reflectance results. Conclusions: The absorption coefficients in RFA provided more detailed images for AMD and PCV diagnosis. RFA is therefore a promising approach to supplement FFA.