bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The experience of sleep problems for adolescents with depression in short-term psychological therapy
Authors: Jernslett Maria , Thackeray Lisa , Orchard Faith , Midgley Nick
Published: April 2021

A growing body of literature demonstrates a strong relationship between sleep disturbances and depression in adolescence. In spite of this, few studies have explored how adolescents with depression experience sleep problems. The present study aimed to qualitatively explore the experience of sleep problems in adolescents with depression, including their understanding of how a psychological therapy impacted on these sleep difficulties. The sample included 12 adolescents with sleep disturbances who had been offered treatment for depression through a large, multi-centre, randomised controlled trial. Semi-structured interviews conducted after treatment and 1-year post treatment were analysed using thematic analysis. Two main themes were identified. Both themes demonstrated how an overarching desire to escape impacted the adolescents’ sleep in distinct ways; ‘thinking about the ‘bad stuff’’ was characterised by ruminative thinking, which prevented sleep, whereas ‘sleep as an escape’ indicated a desire to sleep excessively due to feelings of helplessness. Overall, the findings demonstrate a nuanced relationship between sleep and depression in adolescence, and imply that the underlying meaning of the sleep difficulties for each young person should be considered in the delivery of therapy for adolescent depression.
Achieving discourse truth in doing affiliated news interviews
Authors: Feng Debing
Published: April 2021

In affiliated news interviews, interviewees are both reporters and commentators, thus often caught in the dilemma of whether to interpret or report. Based on Stephen J. A. Ward’s theory of pragmatic objectivity, this article responds to this question by proposing a concept of discourse truth and applying it to the analysis of affiliated news interviews collected from BBC News at Ten. It is found that journalists in such interviews tend to achieve a sense of discourse truth through three primary discourse practices, including achieving journalistic authority, emphasizing authenticity of news and displaying journalistic neutrality. These practices are in turn realized through a variety of discourse strategies such as identity credentials, personalization, modality, third-party attribution and metadiscourse expressions. The results show that objectivity can be maintained through discourse truth, even when news is interpreted. Discourse truth can reflect the authenticity of talk to some extent. It is, however, not the fact itself, but the reality constructed in the news.
Using ATLAS for Mac to enact narrative analysis: metaphor of generativity from LGBT older adult life stories
Authors: Bower Kyle L , Lewis Denise C , Paulus Trena M
Published: April 2021

The relationship between qualitative data analysis software (QDAS) and the development of new methods remains underexplored. While scholars argue that software tactics are used only to implement analytic strategies, some strategies are made possible only with new software developments. Aligned with the Five-Level QDA method, we aim to address the gap in the literature by thoroughly presenting the methodological aspects of an existing narrative inquiry. To be systematic in our explanation of QDAS integration, we begin by offering background information about the original project, followed by an analytical plan, which was informed by our researcher’s subjectivity and generativity theory. We then introduce our translational process that merges our subjective narrative strategy with objective ATLAS.ti tactics into a comprehensive framework for analysis. The findings, presented as a conceptual mapping of the data, informed deeper metaphorical exploration of generativity which is discussed as a life-long process of intergenerational connectedness.
Separation, identification and characterization of stress degradation products of bortezomib using HPLC and LC–MS
Authors: Purushotham Reddy C , Ramakrishna K , Narayana Rao KMV
Published: April 2021

Bortezomib (BT) is a reversible inhibitor of proteasome which is used in the treatment of hematological cancers. To study the degradation behavior, BT was subjected to acidic, basic, neutral, photolytic, oxidative and thermal degradation conditions as per ICH guideline Q1A (R2). A gradient HPLC method has been developed for separating all the degradation products formed under various degradation conditions on Waters XBridge C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm × 3.5 µm) using the mobile phase composed of ammonium formate and acetonitrile. A total of six degradation products were formed in various stress conditions and these were separated identified, and characterized using high performance liquid chromatography in combination with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric studies.
Is There a Differential Market Size Effect in U.S. Free Agent Signings? Evidence From Localized Sentiment Trading
Authors: Akhigbe Aigbe , Newman Melinda , Whyte Ann Marie
Published: April 2021

We consider three professional sports and examine if there is a disparate return response to free agent signings with small versus big market franchises. After controlling for player ability, contract characteristics, and negotiation conditions, we find evidence of a more pronounced negative small market effect in response to both basketball and baseball signings, and a more pronounced negative big market effect in response to football signings. Our results suggest that differential market size sensitivities are complex, reflecting the influence of factors such as player ability and compensation in ways that are highly nuanced and unique to each league.
Capturing Transformative Moments in a Participatory Values-Based Event
Authors: Dike Felix Okechukwu , Chukwuorji JohnBosco Chika
Published: April 2021

The theory of transformative learning (TL) has been criticized secondhand for its lack of clarity in capturing and explaining in detail the processes undergone by learners who are going through TL experiences and their link to learning outcomes. Using a case study design, and carefully synthesized TL processes (TLPs) from Mezirow’s TL theory, we present—moment by moment—the TLPs linked to outcomes identified among a group of teachers who participated in a values-based workshop. Participants were followed through interviews for over 72 weeks to trace the stability of their TL outcome. TL processes identified were compared to Mezirow’s 10 processes. The article discusses ontological transformations gained and offers fresh perspective to identifying TLPs that can be linked to outcomes.
The Use of Modified Snorkel Masks as Personal Protective Equipment During Aerosol-Generating Procedures: COVID-19 Necessity
Authors: Matsevych Oleh Y. , Koto Modise Z. , Balabyeki Moses
Published: April 2021

Background: The available personal protective equipment (PPE) is insufficient to provide adequate protection during high-risk aerosol-generating procedures, and their shortage was reported. The full-face snorkel masks were modified to be used as PPE. However, little is known about their use in medical practice. Methods: The available masks were assessed and compared in terms of safety, comfort, visual acuity, and communication with team members during the aerosol-generating surgical and endoscopic procedures. The masks were compared with a standard option (full-face shield and N95 mask). The score was assigned to each domain to compare the masks. The aim of the study was to assess the modified full-face snorkel masks as PPE during surgical and endoscopic aerosol-generating procedures. Results: Four modified snorkel masks were assessed and compared with the standard option. All masks provided a good seal, comfort, vision, and protection. Communication was the biggest problem and improved after modification. Suggestions for the mask’s selection and on further improvements were made. Conclusion: The modified snorkel masks seem a good alternative to the standard PPE during aerosol-generating procedures. However, additional improvements are still needed. More studies are required to prove the benefits of the modified snorkel masks over the standard PPE.
Long-Term Outcomes of Sectorial Longitudinal Augmented Prolapsectomy for Asymmetric Muco-hemorrhoidal Prolapse: An Observational Study of 433 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Landolfi Vincenzo , Brusciano Luigi , Gambardella Claudio , Tolone Salvatore , del Genio Gianmattia , Grossi Ugo , Gualtieri Giorgia , Lucido Francesco Saverio , Docimo Ludovico
Published: April 2021

Purpose. Hemorrhoidal disease (HD) is a widespread condition severely influencing patients’ quality of life. Recently, the large diffusion of stapled hemorrhoidopexy has revealed a new unexpected pathological entity: the asymmetric mucosal prolapse. We aimed to assess the outcomes of the sectorial longitudinal augmented prolapsectomy (SLAP), a technique dedicated to asymmetric prolapse, in terms of HD symptoms, prolapse recurrence, and rectal stenosis. Methods. Patients affected by III–IV-degree symptomatic HD with asymmetric mucosal prolapse undergone SLAP of 1 or 2 hemorrhoidal columns (SLAP1 or SLAP2) were retrospectively assessed. The severity of hemorrhoid symptoms and fecal continence status were evaluated before and after surgery. Mean outcome was evaluation of medium–long-term outcomes as the occurrence of recurrence and anal or rectal stenosis. Secondary outcome was the evaluation of postoperative bleeding, reoperation rate, length of hospitalization, fecal urgency, and time to return to work. Results. We enrolled 433 patients (277 SLAP1 and 156 SLAP2). Hemorrhoidal symptoms recurrence was reported in 9 patients undergone SLAP1 and 4 patients undergone SLAP2, while prolapse recurrence occurred, respectively, in 4 and 2 patients. No major intraoperative complications occurred. An emergency reintervention for postoperative bleeding occurred in 13 cases undergone SLAP1 and in 5 patients treated with SLAP2. Fecal incontinence occurred in 8 and 4 cases of patients treated with SLAP1 and SLAP2. Conclusions. The combination of a simple hemorrhoidectomy to a mucosal rectal prolapsectomy should be part of every coloproctologist background. Promising and satisfying results can be achieved using SLAP for HD associated with asymmetric prolapse.
Professor Paul Jules Tillaux (1834–1904): His Contribution to Surgery and His Unknown Pioneer Work in Ophthalmic Surgery
Authors: Konofaou Vasiliki , Dafereras Markos , Georgakopoulos Panagiotis , Mavrommatis Evangelos
Published: April 2021

Backround. Professor Paul Jules Tillaux (1834–1904) is considered to be a leading figure in the field of surgery during the 19th century. Methods. Although his work is mostly linked to orthopedic operations, he contributed a lot in ophthalmology and ophthalmic surgery too. Results. In addition, his masterpieces on topographical anatomy and clinical surgery became the gold standard treatises of the era.
Jumpstarting Health With a 15-Day Whole-Food Plant-Based Program
Authors: Friedman Susan M. , Barnett Carol Hee , Franki Robert , Pollock Bruce , Garver Beth , Barnett Ted D.
Published: April 2021

The 15-day Jumpstart was developed as an evidence-based, affordable, standardized, replicable, and scalable program, designed to demonstrate quickly to patients that changing what they eat can improve their health. The program was designed using the principles of the self-determination theory of motivation and personality. Patients were instructed to eat an Esselstyn-compliant, whole-food plant-based diet consisting of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes. Of the 389 participants in the program from September 2018 to February 2020, average weight loss was 5.8 pounds (7.3 for those whose body mass index was >30), average systolic blood pressure drop was 6.8 points (16.8 points for those with systolic blood pressure >140), average drop in cholesterol was 26 points (44 points for those with a cholesterol >200), average drop in low-density lipoprotein was 19 points (33 points for those with a low-density lipoprotein >100), and average drop in fasting blood sugar was 5.1 points (28.4 points for those starting in the diabetic range); P value was <.005 for fasting blood sugar and <.001 for all other comparisons. A 15-day program that helps patients adopt an Esselstyn-style whole-food plant-based diet, through education, individualized medical feedback, social support, and facilitated small group work, rapidly improves health.
ICT in teaching for children with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Iskrenovic-Momcilovic Olivera , Momcilovic Ana
Published: April 2021

The impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) is increasing in teaching, and practice shows that there is a need for individual work in the educational process. This paper gives an analysis of the attitudes of teachers about the use of ICT as a means for individualizing teaching in regular and special primary schools. The results showed that teachers’ attitudes toward ICT as a way of individualization are positive, but they are more pronounced among teachers from special primary schools. Individualized teaching encourages students to progress, but it can negatively affect students’ social behavior. Teachers must have a good knowledge of working with ICT, so seminars on the use of ICT should be organized. ICT affect the education of all students. Teachers from both regular and special primary schools think agree that ICTs are just for fun and that they have no place in the classroom, but at home.
The Convergence of Sustainability and Marketing: Transforming Marketing to Respond to a New World
Authors: Bolton Ruth N.
Published: April 2021

This commentary offers reflections on how scholars can advance the marketing discipline and contribute to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It contributes to an Australasian Marketing Journal special issue that examines the SDGs from the perspective of a for-profit organization—an important and under-researched topic. It is organized around three strategic planning questions: What is the current situation with respect to sustainability and marketing? Where is the marketing discipline going vis-à-vis the SDGs? How can it help achieve these goals? This commentary contends all work in marketing should be considered in light of the SDGs and that marketers can create high-impact research that furthers the SDGs by following the principles of Responsible Research in Business and Management (rrbm.network). It considers sustainability trends, the evolution of the marketing discipline, and the gap between SDGs and marketers’ knowledge about how to achieve them. It briefly outlines current research priorities and progress made by marketing scholars on sustainability issues. Last, it describes ways for marketing scholars to engage in responsible research—that is, research that is useful to society and is credible—thereby contributing to achieving the SDGs and improving individual, organizational, societal, and environmental well-being.
Benefits of Indirect Contact With Nature on the Physiopsychological Well-Being of Elderly People
Authors: Elsadek Mohamed , Shao Yuhan , Liu Binyi
Published: April 2021

Objectives:

Exposure to nature or to green space has positive mental health benefits. Closing of parks and green spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic has reduced options for mental health and well-being benefits and could have a greater impact on vulnerable populations, especially the elderly. The present study, therefore, explores the physiopsychological impacts of indirect contact with nature, using forest imagery, on the brain activity and autonomic nervous systems of elderly people.

Study Design:

A within-subject design experiment was used.

Methods:

Thirty-four participants aged 82.9 ± 0.78 years were asked to look at bamboo and urban images for 2 min. During the visual stimulation, α relative waves were measured using electroencephalography as an indicator of brain activity. Heart rate variability and skin conductance (SC) responses were utilized as indicators of arousal. Afterward, psychological responses were evaluated using the semantic differential and the Profile of Mood States questionnaires.

Results:

Visual stimulation with bamboo image induced a significant increase in α relative waves and parasympathetic nervous activity and a significant decrease in SC. In addition, a significant increase in perceptions of “comfortable,” “relaxed,” “cheerful,” and “vigorous” feelings was observed.

Conclusions:

Indirect contact with nature enhances the physiological and psychological conditions of the elderly. Findings can be used to guide the new design, renewal, and modification of the living environments of the elderly and those who are unable to get outside.
Comparison of Lumbar and Ventricular Cerebrospinal Fluid for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Meningitis
Authors: Kakadia Bhavika , Badger Clint , Zaher Mazen , Kavi Tapan
Published: April 2021

Severe meningitis, especially basilar meningitis, can lead to hydrocephalus requiring external ventricular drain (EVD) placement. There are differences in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from an EVD compared to a lumbar puncture (LP). Hence, it becomes difficult to compare LP and EVD samples for diagnosis and monitoring of meningitis. Recognizing these differences is important to properly treat and discontinue antibiotics. We report a case series of 6 patients with meningitis comparing EVD and LP CSF study analysis. In all 6 patients, CSF from LP was obtained before EVD placement by 1.7 days on average. Although corrected white blood cell (WBC) counts were elevated in CSF obtained from LP and EVD, the counts were significantly higher in LP CSF. Protein concentration in LP CSF was also significantly higher than EVD CSF. Glucose and red blood cells varied in both LP and EVD samples. Even though EVD CSF was obtained later in the clinical course than LP, slower circulation of CSF in lumbar space as compared to ventricles is likely the reason for a more sterile appearance of EVD CSF for the diagnosis of meningitis. It is important to recognize these differences as EVD CSF analysis for diagnosis of meningitis may lead to a missed diagnosis and false perception of significant improvement when monitoring response to treatment. One can consider repeating LP prior to discontinuation of antibiotics to properly determine the extent of improvement given EVD CSF sample appears more sterile in comparison. Larger studies are needed to confirm the above findings.
Hand-compression pressure cooker: an innovative variation of an existing technique with two example cases
Authors: Colasurdo Marco , Gabrieli Joseph Domenico , Cester Giacomo , Simonato Davide , Anglani Mariagiulia , Causin Francesco
Published: April 2021

The pressure cooker technique was originally ideated to obtain wedge-flow conditions during arteriovenous malformation or arteriovenous fistula embolisation. The anti-reflux plug created with coils or glue around the tip of a detachable microcatheter enables a continuous injection with a more in-depth penetration. Here we describe two illustrative cases performed with a variation of the technique that we describe as the hand-compression pressure cooker technique.
Visceral lymphangiomatosis of the spleen and adrenal gland: a rare presentation
Authors: Ravikanth Reddy
Published: April 2021

Visceral lymphangiomatosis may occur as a benign isolated entity or as a manifestation of a systemic disorder. Multifocal involvement is exceedingly rare, with gradations ranging from extreme involvement of an isolated organ to focal involvement of multiple viscera. This case report describes the contrast-enhanced computed tomography imaging appearances of visceral lymphangiomatosis of the spleen and adrenal gland in a 31-year-old man.
Acute onset of blisters in an infant with acrodermatitis enteropathica: A case report
Authors: Cleminson Kristyna , Hull Peter R , Price Emma , Green Peter J
Published: April 2021

We represent a pediatric case of the congenital disorder caused by zinc malabsorption, acrodermatitis enteropathica, presenting with acute onsetof blisters. Although blisters can be seen in this condition, it is not always a key feature and can therefore be overlooked when considering a differential diagnosis of acute blistering in infancy. We therefore review the common and less common features of this cutaneous eruption as well as provide an extensive differential diagnosis for acute blistering in infancy. We also emphasize the importance of lifelong treatment with zinc supplementation in these children.
Race and Incarceration: The Representation and Characteristics of Black People in Provincial Correctional Facilities in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Owusu-Bempah Akwasi , Jung Maria , Sbaï Firdaous , Wilton Andrew S. , Kouyoumdjian Fiona
Published: April 2021

Racially disaggregated incarceration data are an important indicator of population health and well-being, but are lacking in the Canadian context. We aimed to describe incarceration rates and proportions of Black people who experienced incarceration in Ontario, Canada during 2010 using population-based data. We used correctional administrative data for all 45,956 men and 6,357 women released from provincial correctional facilities in Ontario in 2010, including self-reported race data. Using 2006 Ontario Census data on the population size for race and age categories, we calculated and compared incarceration rates and proportions of the population experiencing incarceration by age, sex, and race groups using chi-square tests. In this first Canadian study presenting detailed incarceration rates by race, we found substantial over-representation of Black men in provincial correctional facilities in Ontario. We also found that a large proportion of Black men experience incarceration. In addition to further research, evidence-based action is needed to prevent exposure to criminogenic factors for Black people and to address the inequitable treatment of Black people within the criminal justice system.
A Job Demand–Resource Model of Satisfaction With Work–Family Balance Among Academic Faculty: Mediating Roles of Psychological Capital, Work-to-Family Conflict, and Enrichment
Authors: Sarwar Farhan , Panatik Siti Aisyah , Sukor Mohammad Saipol Mohd , Rusbadrol Noraini
Published: April 2021

Using data from 450 public sector faculty members, a job demand–resource model of antecedents of satisfaction with work–family balance (balance satisfaction) was tested using PLS SEM. To understand the factors and processes that shape up balance satisfaction, the mediating variables in the model were psychological capital, work-to-family conflict, and work-to-family enrichment. Hypothesized partial mediation model was a better fit when we added cross-over paths between job demands and work-to-family enrichment and between job resources and work-to-family conflict. Job demands had both direct effect as well as an indirect effect on balance satisfaction via work-to-family conflict and work-to-family enrichment but not via psychological capital as a single mediator or one of the two serial mediators. Job resources had a direct effect and an indirect effect on balance satisfaction via work-to-family enrichment and work-to-family conflict and psychological capital. However, cross-over indirect effect was lower than differential salient hypothesized relationships. Importance performance analysis revealed work-to-family enrichment, job demands, psychological capital, and job resources as the most important predictors of balance satisfaction, work-to-family conflict, work-to-family enrichment, and psychological capital, respectively. The study found the importance of psychological capital as a developable personality resource along with contextual factors in shaping work–family outcomes. Several implications for theory and practice are also discussed.
A New Approach to Entrepreneurship Measurement of Agricultural Business Entities: A Case of Lithuania
Authors: Drejeris Rolandas , Miceikiene Astrida , Baranauskiene Jurgita
Published: April 2021

This article suggests a new concept of entrepreneurship based on a modern approach about competition between agribusiness entities and according to the area of their commercial activity. The importance of entrepreneurship measurement is grounded and the correctness of the methodology is proven. Creating a model that covers all aspects of entrepreneurship measurement was determined as the aim of this article. This article presents a real, innovative methodology for measuring entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector based on the modification of TOPSIS method. The method chosen was recognized as the most appropriate for determining the level of entrepreneurship, which is expressed by quantitative parameters. Using the modification of multicriteria TOPSIS method for measuring entrepreneurship in agricultural entities, 12 specific criteria were selected. The model has been tested in the livestock farms of Lithuania to include entrepreneurship as a criterion in assessing the potential of these farms and their readiness to apply sustainable and environmentally friendly activities to organic farming. The applicability of the model has been directly confirmed. The use of the model makes it possible to rank agricultural businesses in a given region according to their degree of entrepreneurship.
Enhancing Employee Agility Through Information Technology Competency: An Empirical Study of China
Authors: Lai Han , Pitafi Abdul Hameed , Hasany Noman , Islam Tahir
Published: April 2021

This study investigated how employees’ information technology (IT) competency is associated with employee agility via perceived task structure. Most scholar’s emphasis is on the impact of IT competency on individual work performance; however, it seems as if no attention has been given to explore the relationship between IT competency on employee’s agility through perceived task structure. This research offers and tests a new comprehensive model that links the individual’s IT competency with perceived task structure and employee agility. Data were gathered from 167 representatives who used various IT applications for daily work routines in the organization. Findings showed that IT competency is positively related to task interdependence and autonomy. Task autonomy also has significant effect on employee agility; however, task interdependence has shown insignificant effect on employee agility. Furthermore, work expertise positively moderates the relationship between IT competency and perceived task structure. Theoretical and managerial implications of study are also discussed in the last section.
Bubble Detection in Housing Market: Evidence From a Developing Country
Authors: Ahmed Rafiq , Jawaid Syed Tehseen , Khalil Samina
Published: April 2021

There is an upward trend in housing prices around the world, and Pakistan is no different either; being a developing county, it is facing a rising population. Due to this, the demand for housing has exceeded its supply and in turn rinsing their prices. This study is the first attempt to identify housing price bubbles in Pakistan from 1972 to 2018. The data are available on an annual basis, and to capture the price volatility, it is converted into a quarterly and monthly format. The Generalized Supremum Augmented Dickey–Fuller (GSADF) test is used to detect multiple bubbles. Monthly data showed more episodes of bubbles than yearly and quarterly data; in each case, it reported two periods of bubble episodes. The results of the house price dynamics suggest a higher return with high risk in the short run.
Effect of Mobile Social Apps on Consumer’s Purchase Attitude: Role of Trust and Technological Factors in Developing Nations
Authors: Waheed Abdul , Zhang Qingyu , Farrukh Muhammad , Khan Sher Zaman
Published: April 2021

This study investigates the impact of mobile social apps (MSAPs) on consumers’ online purchase attitude (COPA) with the mediating effect of trust (TRF) and technological factors (TF) drawing on IS theory—technology acceptance model—from the context of China. The article is compiled based on 600 responses obtained from online shoppers and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The study confirmed that MSAPs—Wechat, Weibo, and Virtual community apps—are positively correlated with consumers’ online purchase attitude. It revealed that TRF (i.e., perceived trust and risk) and TF (i.e., perceived ease of use and usefulness) positively mediate the nexus between MSAPs and COPA. The study states multidimensional insights for strategic management to explicitly focus on evolving MSAPs together with TF and TRF mechanisms to reinforce COPA in a widespread and dynamic way in today’s digital and competitive era. In addition, several implications for managers are proposed together with suggestions for scholars to conduct longitudinal studies in the global arena.
Status Quos Are Made to be Broken: The Roles of Transformational Leadership, Job Satisfaction, Psychological Empowerment, and Voice Behavior
Authors: Ilyas Sehrish , Abid Ghulam , Ashfaq Fouzia , Ali Muhammad , Ali Wasif
Published: April 2021

Employee voice behavior has attained significant attention in contemporary research due to its positive consequences for both workers and employers. Drawing on the social exchange theory, this study examined the mediating role of job satisfaction and psychological empowerment on the relationship between transformational leadership and employee’s voice behavior. Data were collected through survey questionnaires by utilizing a three-wave time-lagged study design from employees from diverse private and public sector organizations in Pakistan. The parallel multiple mediation is tested through Hayes’s process macro. The results indicate that job satisfaction and psychological empowerment partially mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and employee’s voice behavior. Further analysis depicts that both job satisfaction and psychological empowerment leveraged under transformational leadership act as parallel mediators and have no statistical significant difference between them. The theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Monitoring Urban Sprawl Using Time-Series Data: Famagusta Region of Northern Cyprus
Authors: Fuladlu Kamyar , Riza Müge , Ilkan Mustafa
Published: April 2021

Monitoring urban sprawl is a controversial topic among scholars. Many studies have tried to employ various methods for monitoring urban sprawl in cases of North American and Northern and Western European cities. Although numerous methods have been applied with great success in various developed countries, they are predominantly impractical for cases of developing Mediterranean European cities that lack reliable census data. Besides, the complexity of the methods made them difficult to perform in underfunded situations. Therefore, this study aims to develop a new multidimensional method that researchers and planners can apply readily in developing Mediterranean European cities. The new method was tested in the Famagusta region of Northern Cyprus, which has been experiencing unplanned growth for the past half-century. In support of this proposal, a detailed review of the existing literature is presented with an emphasis on urban sprawl characteristics. Four characteristics were chosen to monitor urban sprawl’s development in the Famagusta region. The method was structured based on a time-series (2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016) dataset that used remote sensing data and geographical information systems to monitor the urban sprawl. Based on the findings, the Famagusta region experienced rapid growth during the last 15 years. The lack of a masterplan resulted in the uncontrolled expansion of the city in the exurban areas. The development configuration was polycentric and linear in form with single-use composition. Together, the expansion and configuration manifested as more built-up area, scattered development, and increased automobile dependency.
Chinese Australian Children’s Shared Reading Experiences at Home and in Preschools: A Case Study on Parents and Educators’ Attitudes and Practices
Authors: Hu Jiangbo , Hao Yijun , Yang Ning
Published: April 2021

This case study investigates two Chinese children’s shared reading experiences in both home and preschool contexts. The parents and the educators were interviewed about their general attitudes and practices relating to shared reading for promoting the Chinese children’s bilingual development. Detailed observations were undertaken to record the parents and the educators’ interactions with the children during shared reading. The language use of the parents and the educators was analyzed with systemic functional linguistic theories. The findings demonstrate significant differences between the two cases, although the two children shared the same cultural and language learning background. The educators played a critical role in shaping the children’s shared reading experiences in the preschool and the nature of educator–parent cooperation. The mothers provided rich language learning opportunities for their children through active interactions in shared reading; however, the positive home learning experiences could not contribute to the children’s language learning in their preschools without effective educator–parent cooperation. This study suggests there are significant opportunities and strategies for the parents and the educators to capitalize on the educational functions of shared reading for facilitating Chinese children’s bilingual development based on mutual understanding and close cooperation.
Etiology of Increased Referrals for Evaluation of Early Puberty in a Tertiary Care Center in Turkey: True Precocious Puberty, Obesity, or Parental Anxiety and Lack of Knowledge?
Authors: Cemeroglu Ayse Pinar , Kaval Damlanur , Ozcan Ozan
Published: April 2021

There has been a global increase in pediatric endocrinology referrals for the concerns of early puberty. The objective of this study was to determine the reasons behind this increase. A retrospective cross-sectional study was designed to analyze the clinical characteristics of patients seen for the concerns of early puberty in pediatric endocrinology clinic of a tertiary care center (Study A). Additionally, a prospective questionnaire study was designed to assess the knowledge and concerns of the mothers regarding the timing of puberty in girls (Study B). In study A, of the 305 girls, 42.9% were overweight/obese, 68.5% either had normal pubertal development for age or were prepubertal, 1 had non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and 2 had central precocious puberty. Of the 36 boys, 56% were overweight/obese, 64% either had normal pubertal development for age or were prepubertal, and 1 had non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In study B, 95% of the participants thought the girls have been developing earlier, over 10% considered the first sign of puberty to be normal after the age 14 years and 12.4% considered menarche to be normal after age 14 years. The common sources of anxiety for the participants regarding the earlier timing of puberty were psychosocial issues and short final height. In conclusion, many parents had wrong beliefs/information about the normal timing of puberty and were concerned about precocious puberty in girls. Education of parents about the normal timing of puberty may help avoiding unnecessary referrals, parental anxiety, and financial burden to the society.
Preparing Public Health Professionals to Address Social Injustices Through Critical Service-Learning
Authors: Derreth R. Tyler , Jones Vanya C. , Levin Mindi B.
Published: April 2021

The 2020 summer of protests for racial justice amid continued police violence coupled with the widening health disparities due to COVID-19 have made the need for social change and community-informed public health practice abundantly clear. Public health professionals need to combine public health knowledge with collaboration, communication, and reflection to address these health disparities and social injustices. Likewise, as public health educators, we need to develop curricula that train students in these complex skills in order to be effective practitioners. To do this, public health schools and programs should adopt critical service-learning as a central pedagogy in curricula because it is specifically designed to address our current crises with its combination of practice, research, and reflection that together aims for social change. As a means of institutionalizing the pedagogy, faculty can practice and advocate for resources as faculty champions of service-learning.
Findings From a Commercial ACO Patient Experience Survey
Authors: Graham Joanne M , Cowling David W , Zhang Hui
Published: April 2021

Accountable care organizations (ACO) emerge each year aiming to improve care quality while controlling rising health care costs. This cross-sectional study examined whether ACO arrangements within a Preferred Provider Organization and a Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) effected patient experience. A modified Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems ACO survey was used to assess care domain differences overall and by product. The association between ACO and non-ACO populations and items in each significant care domain, flu vaccination, and delayed and emergency department care are explored using multivariable logistic regression. Accountable care organizations patients were more likely to report it was easy to get a specialist appointment (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.54; 95% CI = 1.11-2.13), less likely to report visiting the emergency department for care (AOR, 0.70; 95% CI = 0.55-0.90) and communicating with their provider using technology (AOR, 0.79; 95% CI = 0.65-0.96). Reported experience differed for Access to Specialists between ACO and non-ACO groups among overall and HMO respondents (79.4% vs 74.7% and 79.9% vs 75.5%, P < .05, respectively). The ACO patient experience was not substantially better. Strategies incorporating satisfaction and experience, whether linked to contracts or not, should be encouraged given ACOs goal to optimize patient care. Survey instruments must be improved to capture nuances of provider care and patient bond that is vital in ACO integrated systems.
Serious Impacts of Postponing Bariatric Surgery as a Result of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Patient Perspective
Authors: Ahmed Babur , Altarawni Mohammad , Ellison Jodi , Alkhaffaf Bilal H
Published: April 2021

Background:

The global COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the widespread suspension of bariatric surgical programs. Although this rapid adaption was initially necessary, the implications of delaying the most effective treatment for weight loss in a population at risk from this crisis are not well known. Moreover, as the health care trusts plan the reintroduction of elective services, it is vital to also consider the patient’s perspectives, to adequately weigh up the benefits and risks of this recommencement in the current climate.

Objectives:

We aimed to investigate the impacts that postponing bariatric surgery has had on patients, and their priorities when restarting elective surgery.

Methods:

An online survey of patients awaiting surgery was undertaken, examining the physical and psychological impacts of pandemic isolation policies and postponing surgery, and exploring patient preferences regarding surgery during the pandemic.

Results:

Of 71 patients, 67.6% gained a median of 4 kg (interquartile range: 2.6-6.4), and 74.6% had adverse psychological effects; 93.0% were keen to proceed with surgery. Thematic analysis of qualitative data revealed delays have worsened physical symptoms, increased anxiety, and delayed secondary life-altering treatments.

Conclusion:

From the patient’s perspective, postponing surgery has been deleterious and efforts to safely reintroduce bariatric programs should be promoted.
The Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic on Outpatient Services—An Analysis of Patient Feedback of Virtual Outpatient Clinics in a Tertiary Teaching Center With a Focus on Musculoskeletal and Rheumatology Services
Authors: Byravan Swetha , Sunmboye Kehinde
Published: April 2021

The pandemic has resulted in many changes to health services, one of these is the shift from face-to-face consultations to virtual ones across all specialities. As the pandemic continues with no end in sight it seems that virtual consultations will continue for the foreseeable future. In this article, we analyze the patient feedback so far to virtual consultations in a large tertiary center and use this opportunity to reflect on this new service. We have a particular interest in musculoskeletal services as this is largely an outpatient-based speciality and the pandemic has consequently resulted in significant changes in practice. We also consider whether virtual clinics is a sustainable service post-COVID-19 and the benefits and disadvantages of this.
Trends in incidence of oral anticoagulant-related intracerebral hemorrhage and sales of oral anticoagulants in Capital Region of Denmark 2010–2017
Authors: Grundtvig Josefine , Ovesen Christian , Havsteen Inger , Christensen Thomas , Gaist David , Iversen Helle K , Kruuse Christina , Lilja-Cyron Alexander , Ægidius Karen , Rosenbaum Sverre , Meden Per , Marstrand Jacob , Christensen Louisa , Steiner Thorsten , Christensen Hanne
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Non-vitamin K-antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC) have become first choice oral anticoagulant (OAC) with decreasing use of vitamin K antagonists (VKA), partly due to lower risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Aim: to identify trends in sale of OACs and relate them to trends in OAC-related ICH (OAC-ICH).

Patients and methods

Study was based on the population in the Capital Region of Denmark (1.8 million inhabitants). We identified all patients admitted with a non-traumatic OAC-ICH in 2010–2017 and ascertained diagnosis and drug use through medical charts. We used information available in the public domain on sale of defined daily doses (DDD) of OAC in the Capital Region of Denmark.

Results

453 patients with OAC-ICH out of a total of 2877 ICH-events were identified. From 2010 to 2017 sale of NOAC rose from 0.1 to 11.8 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day (p < 0.001); while VKA sale decreased from 7.6 to 5.2 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day (p < 0.001). The total number of ICH events was stable between 2010 and 2017, but the proportion of OAC-ICH events increased from 13% in 2010 to 22% in 2017 (p < 0.001). The proportion of ICH events related to NOAC had a significant increasing trend (p < 0.001), whereas a decreasing trend was observed for VKA (p = 0.04).

Discussion

In Denmark, the population on OACs has increased; resulting from increased use of NOACs. Parallel to this development, the proportion of OAC-ICH overall has increased based on an increasing trend in NOAC-related ICH.

Conclusion

Our findings document a need for further research on prevention and treatment of this complication.
Assessing the performance of electrospun nanofabrics as potential interlayer reinforcement materials for fiber-reinforced polymers
Authors: Loizou Katerina , Evangelou Angelos , Marangos Orestes , Koutsokeras Loukas , Chrysafi Iouliana , Yiatros Stylianos , Constantinides Georgios , Zaoutsos Stefanos , Drakonakis Vassilis
Published: April 2021

Multiscale-reinforced polymers offer enhanced functionality due to the three different scales that are incorporated; microfiber, nanofiber, and nanoparticle. This work aims to investigate the applicability of different polymer-based nanofabrics, fabricated via electrospinning as reinforcement interlayers for multilayer-fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Three different polymers are examined; polyamide 6, polyacrylonitrile, and polyvinylidene fluoride, both plain and doped with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The effect of nanotube concentration on the properties of the resulting nanofabrics is also examined. Nine different nanofabric systems are prepared. The stress–strain behavior of the different nanofabric systems, which are eventually used as reinforcement interlayers, is investigated to assess the enhancement of the mechanical properties and to evaluate their potential as interlayer reinforcements. Scanning electron microscopy is employed to visualize the morphology and microstructure of the electrospun nanofabrics. The thermal behavior of the nanofabrics is investigated via differential scanning calorimetry to elucidate the glass and melting point of the nanofabrics, which can be used to identify optimum processing parameters at composite level. Introduction of MWCNTs appears to augment the mechanical response of the polymer nanofabrics. Examination of the mechanical performance of these interlayer reinforcements after heat treatment above the glass transition temperature reveals that morphological and microstructural changes can promote further enhancement of the mechanical response.
An exploration of the use of machine learning to predict lateral spreading
Authors: Durante Maria Giovanna , Rathje Ellen M
Published: April 2021

The recent availability of large amounts of high-quality data from post-disaster field reconnaissance enables an exploration of the use of machine learning (ML) approaches to predict earthquake-induced damage. The 2011 Christchurch earthquake in New Zealand caused widespread liquefaction and lateral spreading, and the development of ML models to predict the lateral spreading was enabled by the availability of high-resolution data for lateral spreading displacements, ground shaking, and surface and subsurface features. A dataset of more than 7300 lateral spread observations from a single event in a single geologic setting were used to develop ML classification models using the Random Forest approach for the binary classification problem to identify lateral spread occurrence and a multiclass classification problem to predict the amount of displacement. The best ML models developed in this study accurately predict the lateral spread patterns with an overall accuracy of 80% for the lateral spread occurrence models and 70% for the multiclass displacement classification models. These models show that peak ground acceleration, distance to the river, ground elevation, and groundwater table contribute most to the accuracy of the lateral spread predictions for this dataset, and the inclusion of cone penetration test (CPT) features improves only the prediction of the largest displacement class (>1.0 m). Further research is needed to develop ML models that are generalizable to other earthquake events and geologic settings.