bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Professional
Authors: Metzmeier Kurt X.
Published: May 2017

Ben Monroe is the most elusive member of the fraternity of law reporters. Though he is often praised for compiling one of the best sets of American law reports, there are no published biographies of him. He served as a circuit court judge and made dozens of appearances before the Kentucky Court of Appeals. He was the older brother of Thomas B. Monroe, but the men were not close. He was a supporter of that quintessential expression of southern opposition to slavery: the emancipation and African colonization movement.
An Unfettered Hustler
Authors: McKenna A. T.
Published: May 2017

This chapter provides an overview of Levine’s life and career and introduces the concepts used throughout the book: showmanship, exploitation, and production. The chapter places Levine’s career in context by positioning him in terms of his antecedents, influences, and those he influenced. The reader is introduced to Levine’s versatility and the hustling nature of his approach to business and argues that Levine’s distinction as a promoter and producer lay in the fact that he appeared to be unfettered by many of the cultural demarcations (high/low culture, art house/exploitation) that constrained so many of his contemporaries and critics.
The Showman on the Screen
Authors: McKenna A. T.
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses closely on two films, Showman and Contempt (a.k.a. Le Mépris). Showman is a documentary about Levine made in 1962 by Albert and David Maysles, and Contempt is a Levine production in which Levine himself is lampooned by the director, Jean-Luc Godard, as a boorish film producer played by Jack Palance. This chapter investigates the critical responses to both of these films, which often serve as denigrations of Levine. It explores unfounded suspicions that Showman is anti-Semitic in its depiction of Levine, while also addressing the modern critical consensus that the film is an attack, or at least an exposé, by the Maysles on their subject. The chapter also addresses how Godard’s lampooning of Levine in Contempt led to a simplistic understanding of Levine as an interfering philistine among many historians and theorists. It refutes various assumptions made about Levine based on these films and argues that such assumptions underestimate not only Levine but also the respective films and their makers.
The Corporate Gadabout
Authors: McKenna A. T.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines Levine’s role as the president of Avco Embassy. Significantly, this was the quietest period of his career. The American film industry was in recession, and Levine did not enjoy being a corporate executive. He still loved the movies and the movie industry, but the evidence suggests that he was losing interest in films at this point in his career and was turning his attention to collecting art, doing charity work, and making appearances at society events.
New Haven, ’Nam, Nichols, and Nazis
Authors: McKenna A. T.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines two counterculture films made by Levine during his tenure at Avco, the deterioration of his relationship with Mike Nichols, and his return to independence upon resigning from Avco. His politics were somewhat ambiguous, but he made two significant films in 1970 that were rooted in contemporary countercultural concerns, Bright College Years and Soldier Blue, and both show his commitment to supporting interesting films even in his quietest years. Levine also made two further films with Mike Nichols while still at Avco: Carnal Knowledge was reasonably successful, but Day of the Dolphin was a failure. This chapter analyzes all of these films in the context of Levine’s disillusionment at Avco. It also details his promotional campaign for his first post-Avco success, The Night Porter. The Avco years were quiet for Levine, but on becoming an independent once again, he returned to movie promotion with a gusto not seen since his involvement in The Graduate.
Faith in Black Power
Authors: Pimblott Kerry
Published: May 2017

Using the borderland community of Cairo, Illinois as a case study, this book chronicles the Black church’s overlooked contributions to the Black Power Movement of the late 1960s and early 1970s. While Black Power’s reverberations in the church – from radicalized clergy to new institutions and theologies – have received due attention, their impact on grassroots struggles has not. Shifting focus from the seminary to the streets, this project traces the dynamic interaction between the Black church and Black Power at a critical flashpoint. Identified by contemporaries as the site of the country’s longest protracted struggle for racial justice, Cairo captured national attention and became a potent symbol of Black working-class insurgency and a beacon of radical Black Christianity. In a period plagued by sectarianism, the Cairo United Front assembled a surprisingly broad-based coalition under the banner of a new spiritual philosophy and a set of shared cultural practices rooted in the Black church. However, in an era of conservative ascendancy Black Power’s reliance upon such funds proved to be a double-edged sword. By the mid-1970s, white denominational organizations retreated under mounting opposition from state agencies and their own congregants. This project situates grassroots activists, rather than trained religious theorists, as key agents in the production, consumption, and transmission of Black Theology.
Introduction
Authors: Pimblott Kerry
Published: May 2017

This introduction provides an outline of the book by discussing topics such as Black power and the Black church. Black freedom struggles in the borderland and the Black Power Movement in Cairo, Illinois. A large emphasis is placed on the exploration of the changing relationship of the Black church and African American Christianity to Cairo Black freedom struggles. The story of Karen Rice, a Black Power activist, is also provided in order to show how stories of this kind during the Black Power Movement raised important questions about Black Power’s de-Christianization and bolstered recent calls from scholars in the emergent subfield of “Black Power Studies” to probe more deeply the relationship between the Black church, African American Christianity, and the Black Power Movement.
Mankiewicz and the Making of the Myth
Authors: Brianton Kevin
Published: May 2017

From the 1960s through the 1980s Joseph L. Mankiewicz participated in several interviews and documentaries to provide evidence to bolster his own version of events, which helped rebuild his reputation, darken DeMille’s, and celebrate Ford’s. The story about DeMille mocking Jewish directors through the way he portrayed their accents is a fabrication that appears to be based on the actions of Senator Gerald Nye in 1940 at an America First isolationist rally. The book explores how an unrelated incident became part of the narrative for the SDG meeting.
Editor's Note
Authors: Sheehan Jennifer K.
Published: May 2017

In some ways, this Spring 2017 issue is a natural continuation of what we found in Fall 2016. In these two issues, I’ve been pleased to see (can we call it a “trend” with only two points of reference?) more international content in RBM: Laila Hussein Moustafa’s profile of a library in Afghanistan in the Fall 2016 issue, and now Mariette Atallah’s discussion of an archival collection at the American University of Beirut. Another common thread is the topic of anthropodermic bibliopegy.
Distortion of Content and Endangered Archives: A Case Study of a Donation to the American University of Beirut, Lebanon
Authors: Atallah Mariette
Published: May 2017

This paper aims to shed light on the challenges related to locating and accessing archival sources on Lebanon and tries to demonstrate the way political, administrative, and ethnic history can determine and justify their availability locally and regionally. It explores the various regimes that have influenced the shaping of the history of Lebanon and that have left a written legacy and archival collection related to that history.
Spies in the Archive: Acquiring Revolutionary War Spy Letters Through Community Engagement
Authors: Nyitray Kristen J. , Stieglitz Sally
Published: May 2017

Special Collections, a division of Stony Brook University Libraries (SBU Libraries), acquired at auction two American Revolutionary War–era spy letters authored by George Washington. Significant to regional and national historical narratives, the letters document espionage activities in the Three Village area of Long Island, New York, the site of an important war effort known as the Culper Spy Ring. The letters were obtained through a collaborative acquisition project established in the months preceding the first auction. A private-public partnership was initially formed to secure funding. Next, mindful of the spy ring’s strong link to community identity, library representatives cultivated relationships with local cultural institutions to foster inclusiveness. Key to the process was articulating and reaffirming the shared goals to repatriate the letters, conserve them, and make them accessible at the university.
Kate Vieira. American by Paper: How Documents Matter in Immigrant Literacy.
Authors: Caldera Mary A.
Published: May 2017

As Kate Vieira notes in her introduction, she did not set out to write a book about papers. Instead, she was interested in testing claims that literacy is the “key to upward mobility, national belonging, civic participation, and ultimately assimilation” (2). She found, however, that her study participants frequently invoked papers when she asked about literacy; for them, “papers and literacy are intimately linked.” Vieira’s research challenges the theory that literacy is a means of achieving assimilation. She argues that literacy and papers are seen by migrants as a means of mobility—social, economic, and physical—and that papers serve as “a material lynchpin in the process of writing and being written” (9).
Predicting Water Quality Impact After District Metered Area Implementation in a Full‐Scale Drinking Water Distribution System
Authors: Dias Vanessa C.F. , Besner Marie‐Claude , Prévost Michèle
Published: May 2017

Pressure management using district metered areas (DMAs) can reduce leakage and break frequencies and extend the service life of pipes in drinking water networks. Valves must be closed, creating DMAs, resulting in hydraulic changes and increasing the number of dead ends. A field study of five pilot DMAs was conducted using an enhanced sampling program. Water quality was measured at different locations inside and outside DMA boundaries before and after implementation. Overall water quality did not change following DMA implementation. However, water quality (chlorine residuals, turbidity, and metals) was degraded at locations with elevated water residence times such as created dead ends, sites outside DMA boundaries, and extremities. An approach based on the combination of hydraulic modeling and water quality was developed to predict trihalomethane concentrations in the DMA using measurements only from an inlet site. Utilities can use a combination of hydraulic modeling and targeted monitoring to predict water quality changes after DMA implementation.
‘There to sing the song of Moses’
Authors: Hanley Ryan
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines how the African Methodist preacher John Jea adapted his spoken and written discourse to appeal to different working-class audiences in Liverpool and Portsmouth during the first two decades of the nineteenth century. When Jea lived and preached in Liverpool between 1801 and 1805, the slave trade was at its height, generating sorely-needed employment for the local working-class community. Conversely, when he lived and preached in Portsmouth, after the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the town was the sole home base for the Royal Navy’s suppression of the now-outlawed transatlantic slave trade – a source of significant local pride. These local contexts affected both Jea’s treatment of slavery and his deployment of sensational, ‘American-style’ Methodism, in each location.
Afterword
Authors: Oldfield John
Published: May 2017

This chapter presents an overview of the development of thinking about the history and memory of slavery during the past fifty years. In doing so, it helps to contextualise the essays in the volume, while at the same time offering a series of reflections on the impact of museums and the heritage sector in general on contemporary discourses about slavery and British history. The chapter stresses the vital link between local, regional and national memories of slavery. It also reinforces the contributions of a new generation of scholars in (re)writing slavery and the profits made from slaveholding back into British history. This is still very much an ongoing project but it is already abundantly clear that the old consensus, the one that focussed almost exclusively on British efforts to bring slavery to an end, has broken down.
Introduction
Authors: Hughes Brian
Published: May 2017

This chapter outlines the key themes and concepts that will be at stake in the book. The Irish Revolution (c. 1913–23) has been the subject of a vast and growing historiography. Ambushes and assassinations by IRA guerrillas and reprisals and counter-reprisals by Crown forces have dominated much of the discourse. More recently, the ‘everyday’ acts of violence that characterised so much revolutionary activity in Ireland have found a place in the literature. This book adds to that understanding of experiences at the grass-roots level. In this chapter, some key parameters for the study are outlined and an ‘anatomy of violence’ is developed, ranging from the impersonal threat to the physical attack on the person, to frame and contextualize the nature of the activity under observation. This chapter also explores some precedents for violence and civilian behaviour in revolutionary Ireland found during nineteenth and early twentieth century agrarian agitation.
Intimidating the Crown
Authors: Hughes Brian
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores IRA activity against servants of the Crown in Ireland between 1917 and 1922. As the most obvious manifestation of the Crown on the ground in Ireland, the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) were the victims of boycotting, social ostracism, damage to property, and violence. Their families, and those who supplied them with ordinary goods and services, were similarly targeted. The first chapter explores this dynamic and suggests that while there was a widespread campaign against the RIC and its supporters, its nature and intensity varied considerably in individual communities. Less well covered in the historiography are civil servants and those involved in the judicial system and their experiences are also treated in this chapter. Theirs was an experience very different to the RIC and while a minority were victims of violence and persecution, most suffered very little and continued in their roles as before.
Defying the IRA in Belfast
Authors: Hughes Brian
Published: May 2017

This chapter is a study of the interaction between Irish Republican Army (IRA) guerrillas in the city of Belfast between 1920 and 1922. In many ways, Belfast was unique in the context of revolutionary Ireland, but violence there also followed its own individual patterns and logic. Between July 1920 and July 1922, violence in Belfast was organised along distinctly sectarian lines and consisted of rioting, sniping, bombing, burning, reprisal killing, and forced expulsion. The IRA in Belfast never enjoyed widespread support among the Catholic population it claimed to defend. There was significant opposition to republicans within the Catholic community – usually associated with Hibernianism – but when the IRA could successfully prove itself an effective defence against Protestant and loyalist aggression support was frequently forthcoming. A peak of support following the July 1921 Truce was only short-lived as brutal reprisals in retaliation for limited IRA activity in the city saw the Catholic population eventually withdraw its support completely. Operating in majority Protestant areas was difficult and dangerous but the IRA did cause significant damage even given its small size. Even in the unique circumstances of revolutionary Belfast, it will be seen, pragmatism and personal interest could still motivate behaviour.
Introduction
Authors: Parfitt Steven
Published: May 2017

This chapter introduces the American history of the Knights of Labor, and provides an overview of the ways in which scholars have approached that history. It then places the Knights of Labor within a wider international context in two key ways. First, this chapter locates the Knights as part of a larger, global trend of international organising by early feminists, social reformers, and especially working-class activists. Second, it explores the global history of the Knights themselves and the fragmentary nature of the scholarship concerning it. Finally, this chapter brings together what we do know about the Knights across the world, and provides synopses of the chapters that follow.
Origins
Authors: Parfitt Steven
Published: May 2017

Why did the Knights of Labor go abroad and set up assemblies in Britain and Ireland? Comparing the British and American labour movements over the course of the nineteenth century, this chapter argues that the 1880s was a unique decade: the victories and success enjoyed by American Knights and other American reformers attracted great interest in Britain, where the labour movement faced numerous problems and challenges. It then finds two major reasons behind the internationalism of the Knights of Labor: first, the idea of Universal Brotherhood, with deep roots in American fraternal and political traditions, and second, fears over mass immigration which seemed to require an international response. This chapter notes the important role of glassworkers in the Order’s international history, their creation oo the Universal Federation of Window-Glass Workers, and ends with the opening of the first assemblies on English soil.
The Rise of a Transnational Movement
Authors: Parfitt Steven
Published: May 2017

British and Irish Knights depended on the fortunes of American Knights from beginning to end. This chapter gives a brief sketch of the rise of the British and Irish assemblies, some idea of their geographical scope and size, and explores the nature of those international ties and the consequences that flowed from them. British and Irish workers were attracted to the Knights through the American Great Upheaval, the financial help and organisers that Americans sent them, and the steps Knights took to build an international community. Finally, this chapter emphasises the importance of the Irish diaspora in the history of the Knights of Labor as a whole, and its racial and imperial implications for their history.
Touching Stones
Authors: Shovlin Frank
Published: May 2017

Examines why the book is called Touchstones, moving from a close reading of some key moments in McGahern’s third novel, The Leavetaking where Arnold’s ‘Dover Beach’ is quoted and then onward to his essay, ‘The Study of Poetry’ in which he inaugurates the idea of the touchstone as a useful critical tool for the literary scholar. Also introduces the McGahern papers at NUI Galway which form an important plank for the research.
Magic
Authors: Shovlin Frank
Published: May 2017

This chapter demonstrates that W. B. Yeats was the single most important literary influence on John McGahern. It takes particular interest in McGahern’s unpublished first novel, ‘The End or the Beginning of Love’ and begins to show how and why McGahern took steps to reduce some of the more obvious borrowings from a Yeatsian aesthetic. Of McGahern’s published novels it pays closest attention to The Leavetaking in which Yeats is quoted directly and in which his great poem ’Among School Children’ plays a hidden and intriguing part.
Bohemian Rhapsody
Authors: Shovlin Frank
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines McGahern’s interest in, and sometimes reverence for, Patrick Kavanagh’s poetry. It shows how the two writers briefly overlapped in the Dublin literary pub scene of the late 1950s and early 1960s and how this scene was not to McGahern’s taste. That bohemianism was transferred to London via the literary journal X and its editors Patrick Swift and David Wright from 1959-61 – a quarterly that was the first to publish McGahern. It then goes on to show how poems like ‘The Great Hunger’, ‘Kerr’s Ass’ and ‘Innocence’ are used by McGahern as touchstones in writing books such as The Dark and Memoir.
Transnational Telenovela Redux: Sin tetas no hay paraíso [Without Tits You Won’t Get to Heaven] (Tele 5, 2008–9)
Authors: Smith Paul Julian
Published: May 2017

Chapter 2 also focuses on gender politics, but relating to a newly transnational context for Spain and Spanish television. Treating a unique example, the adaptation of a Colombian narco
telenovela to the very different Spanish context, the chapter documents the extensive, but complex and contradictory, relation between Spanish and Latin American TV, before focusing on the innovations brought to the original format by the Spanish remake. Chief amongst these is an obsessive focus on the male body (often naked and beaten), a surprising tendency in a series fiercely attacked in Spain itself for objectifying women’s bodies.
HBO Latin America Effect: Capadocia (HBO/Argos, 2008–14)
Authors: Smith Paul Julian
Published: May 2017

Chapter 8 treats HBO Latin America’s first series to be made in Mexico. The chapter asks how the “HBO effect,” a paradigm of quality TV that is fully documented in the US, is transformed in a new territory and televisual ecology. The choice of a women’s prison drama thus not only connects the show with grittily realistic transnational titles from the network that addressed law and criminal justice; it also, in this new context, facilitates a connection with the melodramatic national genre of telenovela. The chapter further argues that authorship for the series should be assigned less to HBO than to the Mexican producer, Argos, which had been producing socially conscious and politically progressive dramas for some twenty years before.
Conclusion: Love Bites
Authors: Smith Paul Julian
Published: May 2017

The Conclusion explores the relation between the quality TV treated in this book and the so-called “ordinary television” of Spain and Mexico (telebasura, telenovela). It argues, finally and against canon-formation, that both genres take up their respective places within a common cultural field in which they are inextricable from one another.
Protestants at War? (1971–72)
Authors: Mulvenna Gareth
Published: May 2017

Chapter Four continues from the second half of 1971, highlighting the increasing fear among journalists and politicians that the Tartan gangs were more than mere hooligans. As violence increased, the Tartans began to receive growing support among the adult population in Protestant working-class communities. In this chapter the oral histories describe the first experimentations by many of the young loyalists in paramilitary activity in late 1971 and early 1972 and how the loyalist paramilitary response related to the perceived defence of Protestant working-class communities.
From Boys Brigade Belts and Bibles to Bombs and Bullets (1972–75)
Authors: Mulvenna Gareth
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the dynamics of paramilitary loyalism and the involvement of the interviewees in operations including murder. The chapter demonstrates that the transition from Tartan gangs to paramilitaries defined the violent reputations of these organisations as the mid-1970s proved to be a bloody period in the Northern Ireland conflict
Introduction
Authors: Hair Ross
Published: May 2017

In this extended introduction, the book’s underlying theme of small press poetry networks is introduced via the example of Lorine Niedecker and her poetry’s transatlantic reception. Discussing examples from Niedecker’s poetry, her friendship with the poet Jonathan Williams, and her legacy for a younger generation of British poets, publishers, and artists, the introduction argues that within the transatlantic small press poetry milieu, ‘remoteness’ is as much a strategic position as it is an imposed circumstance. The introduction also discusses the various ways in which the term ‘folk’ is understood and applied in Avant-Folk. Emphasis is placed on the role of botanical folklore, the use of vernacular speech, and the significance of a ‘cottage-industry’ approach to publishing. In the context of modern small press publishing, the emphasis on craft and artisanship, it is argued, reasserts the domestic sphere as an incisive site for the poetry and publishing practices examined in the following chapters.
The Avant-Folkways of Lorine Niedecker
Authors: Hair Ross
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the ‘avant-folkways’ of Lorine Niedecker and her poetry and demonstrates how Niedecker’s poetry of the 1940s and 1950s draws on various aspects of folk, including folk speech, nursery rhymes and ballads, local history, and artisanal and domestic craft practices. Niedecker’s folk sensibility, chapter 1 argues, was enhanced considerably by her work on the Federal Writers’ Project, from 1938 to 1941. Niedecker’s poetry, it is argued, undermines the dichotomies that underpin the pervasive ideological construction of American folk in the twentieth century—notions of the regional versus the cosmopolitan, the modern versus the traditional—as well as popular distinctions regarding ‘formal’ versus ‘folk’ poetry, art, and aesthetics. Chapter 1 also examines the social implications of Niedecker’s folkways and their defining role in her own ‘renaissance’ across the Atlantic, in England and Scotland, via the channels of small press networks in the 1960s that her own handmade gift books, it is argued, significantly prefigures.
Small is Quite Beautiful: Tarasque Press
Authors: Hair Ross
Published: May 2017

The 1960s saw an explosion of mimeographed poetry magazines and books on both sides of the Atlantic. Chapter four provides a broad overview of this ‘mimeo revolution,’ tracing its origins back to the do-it-yourself ethos of Black Mountain and the burgeoning of the ‘New American Poetry.’ As chapter 4 discusses, with this explosion of small-scale publishing, however, came more problematic issues of quality, both with regard to the production standards of the publications and the poetry they published. Chapter 4 examines how the British little magazine Tarasque and the eponymous small press established by Stuart Mills and Simon Cutts responded to this side of the mimeo revolution with a potent mix of trenchant irony and a championing of the small poem—as practiced by Finlay and Williams—that emphasized impersonal, constructed formal objectivity in answer to the expressive solipsism of the time.
Coracle’s Unpainted Landscapes
Authors: Hair Ross
Published: May 2017

Chapter 6 examines the ways in which the English publisher Coracle has utilized the ‘alternative space’ of the book and other printed platforms to critically rethink representations of place and space. Coracle’s approach to the question of landscape is shown to have anticipated recent developments in the field of cultural geography regarding ‘non-representational theory’ and its emphasis on the ‘small stories’ of landscape. Chapter 6 examines how a number of poets and artists associated with Coracle (Erica Van Horn, Simon Cutts, Stephen Duncalf, Colin Sackett, Richard Long) have significantly paralleled many of these non-representational approaches to landscape and revised the grand, heroic values traditionally attributed landscape representations by engaging the modest means of small press publications. It is argued that the space of the allotment is of particular significance for Coracle as an ‘unofficial’ landscape analogous to Coracle’s own emphasis on co-operative work, community, and creative singularity. The chapter concludes by discussing Richard Long’s installation Stone Field in the semi-refurbished space of Renshaw Hall in Liverpool. Despite its immense size, chapter 6 demonstrates how Long’s installation reiterates the qualities associated with the ‘alternative spaces’ of small press publishing and its broader possibilities on and off the page.
Considering Contemporaneity: Woolf and “the Maternal Generation”
Authors: Corbett Mary Jean
Published: May 2017

Building on Pierre Bourdieu’s suggestion that contests between generations structure the literary field, this essay looks closely at Virginia Woolf’s attitudes to her older female contemporaries during the early part of her career, when as a newcomer she adopted a primarily agonistic relation to them. Her repudiation of such writers as Alice Meynell and Vernon Lee helped her to secure her own exceptional status. Yet once Woolf had achieved that status, she was more able to recognize her own implication in the competitive and hierarchical structures that constitute the literary field. By juxtaposing her public and private comments on Meynell and Lee from earlier and later in her career, we can register her subsequent re-valuation of at least some of the work of “the maternal generation.” As Woolf herself aged into an older generation, that is, she revisited her earlier judgments in a new spirit.
Who is My Contemporary? Woolf, Mansfield, and Their Servants
Authors: Wilson Mary
Published: May 2017

This chapter argues that Virginia Woolf’s female contemporaries include not just fellow writers like Katherine Mansfield but also domestic servants, whose work enables writerly creation. The chapter focuses on representations of domestic servants in Mrs Dalloway and “The Garden Party” and in Woolf’s and Mansfield’s private writings. The chapter compares Woolf’s and Mansfield’s texts to demonstrate different ways of depicting and understanding servant labor and to show the centrality of servants to the form of modernist fiction. It suggests that servants are too often marginalized in analyses of modernist narrative innovation, and argues for a broader examination of the significance of domestic labor to better understand modernist fiction.
“Quota Quickies Threaten Audience Intelligence Levels!”: The Power of the Screen in Virginia Woolf’s “The Cinema” and “Middlebrow” and Betty Miller’s Farewell Leicester Square
Authors: Cornish Sarah
Published: May 2017

In 1926, Virginia Woolf wrote “The Cinema,” in which she expresses both her fascination for and her worry about the movies’ powerful influence over its spectators. Later, in “Middlebrow” (1932), she facetiously suggests that this power of the movies is useful for managing and preserving distinctions of both class and taste. This chapter uses Woolf’s suggestions about film culture to explore Betty Miller’s direct engagement with the film industry in her novel Farewell Leicester Square (1941) in light of the 1927 Cinematographic Film Act. The Act required cinema houses in the UK to show a certain percentage of films made in Britain and by British directors and resulted in the phenomenon of the “Quota Quickie,” films made on a two-week shooting schedule and a slim budget. The Quota Quickie phenomenon reached a peak in 1935 and 1936, the years in which the UK produced its most narrative films. Miller’s Farewell Leicester Square, written at the height of the industry boom in 1935, the chapter argues, is a “meta-filmic” novel about the British film industry and culture during the interwar period.
Reconfiguring the Mermaid: H.D., Virginia Woolf, and the Radical Ethics of Writing as Marine Practice
Authors: Muscogiuri Patrizia A.
Published: May 2017

Since its appearance in Homer’s Odyssey, the myth of the Sirens has been variously handled. Its treatment by modern writers including Kafka, Brecht, Foucault, Adorno and Horkheimer, testifies to its still relevant import. Uncommonly, Virginia Woolf and H.D. consider the implications of the myth of sirens and mermaids not for men, traditionally cautioned against their lure, but for those women identified, or identifying themselves, with it. Taking into account Woolf’s and H.D.’s lifelong engagement with sea metaphors in their writings, and drawing also on later versions of the siren like Fouqué’s Undine and Andersen’s “The Little Mermaid”, this paper will analyse two interrelated aspects of crucial significance in H.D. and Woolf: their ingenious reconfiguration of the mermaid – instrumental in terms of gender formation, gender politics, notions of alterity and creativity – and their resultant conception of a marine writing as radical ethics. Set against the narcissistic notion of art propounded by masculinist modernism, this is a writing which follows instead the moral imperative of going toward the other, redefining the writer as messenger of hope and originator of alternative politics.
Making Waves in Lonely Parallel: Evelyn Scott and Virginia Woolf
Authors: Kelley Joyce E.
Published: May 2017

This essay concerns the parallel careers of English author Virginia Woolf and American author Evelyn Scott, focusing primarily on Woolf’s novel The Waves (1931) and on Scott’s The Wave (1929), a historical novel about the American Civil War. Despite their strikingly similar titles, these modernist novels have never been compared, likely due to their very different subject matter. This essay posits that both authors felt that history should be told through accounts of ordinary people; though Woolf’s planned book project of telling English history through obscure lives was never completed, Scott’s The Wave tells the history of the Civil War by shifting through the perspectives of numerous characters as the war transfers energy from point to point, person to person. Woolf’s The Waves is similarly composed as a series of “soliloquies” of six individuals; both texts focus on the wave as a transfer of energy from character to character. Both authors further use the concept of the wave to demonstrate individuals as both alienated and part of a collective, focusing on the theme of subjective experience amid a larger tide of human history. While these women writers shared such points of tangency throughout their careers, they never met or corresponded.
“The Squeak of the Hinge”: Hinging and Swinging in Woolf and Mansfield
Authors: Lowe Gill
Published: May 2017

This paper explores the concept of the hinge in Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway and Katherine Mansfield short fiction. It analyses instances of instability in these texts: psychological, postural, cultural, meteorological, diurnal, and seasonal. The argument makes use of Barthes to consider structural “nuclei” (hinge-points) in these narratives. Mrs. Dalloway is set in mid-June at the solstice which is a hinge-point of the year. The novel begins with doors being taken off their hinges and this unhinging leads to moments of enlightenment. The hinge is used metaphorically to suggest freedom and movement in time, space, class, and gender. A hinge both connects and separates. Gates and doors are used to show societal divisions and associations in these fictions. The hinge is considered as a paradoxical site of potential; a locus of decision-making or undecidability; of opening and closing; of “swinging both ways”. This trope is rich in significance and the paper considers a variety of related ideas: axels, still points, rotation, oscillation, liminality, translation, transition and trespass.
Advise and Reject: Virginia Woolf, The Hogarth Press, and a Forgotten Woman’s Voice
Authors: Gillespie Diane F.
Published: May 2017

In 1939, Virginia Woolf was distracted by writing projects, relocation of living and publishing quarters in London, and another impending world war. Yet she typed on behalf of the Hogarth Press a delayed rejection letter, previously unknown and unpublished, to aspiring novelist Anne Northgrave Tibble. The advice in Woolf’s letter reveals her own definition of the novel. Tibble’s forgotten voice, in her one published novel from this period, challenges, as does Woolf, war and class hierarchies, but from a different perspective. Red-brick-educated, Tibble never forgot her rural roots in North Yorkshire and consistently identified with the working classes. If Tibble is mentioned now, it is for her life writing, including scholarly biographies and a candid three-volume autobiography.
To Jane, Thank you. With Love,
Authors: Foster J. Ashley
Published: May 2017

This is a memorial essay to Jane Marcus. Her profound impact on Woolf studies, feminism, and literary studies and her influence as mentor and community builder creates a tremendous legacy.
Tribute to Jane Marcus
Authors: Mills Jean
Published: May 2017

This is a memorial essay to Jane Marcus. Her profound impact on Woolf studies, feminism, and literary studies and her influence as mentor and community builder creates a tremendous legacy.
Ghost, Medium, Criminal, Genius: Lombrosian Types in Yeats’s Art and Philosophy
Authors: Ebury Katherine
Published: May 2017

This essay examines the role of Cesare Lombroso’s scientific and occult researches in shaping Yeats’s view of the mind, whether creative or criminal, in the mystical system of A Vision. Although the philosophical and aesthetic importance of Yeats’s mystical work has recently received serious attention, notably in W.B.Yeats’s A Vision: Explications and Contexts, the models used to recuperate and reassess this aspect of Yeats’s have not so far included minor contemporary figures like Lombroso, but have rather focused on classical, idealist, or political philosophy. Lombroso’s view of different human types, expressed most powerfully in his studies on genius and criminality, Criminal Man (1876) and The Man of Genius (1891), are important influences to consider for Yeats’s portrayal of representative psychological types in his typology of the phases of the Great Wheel. Beyond A Vision, Yeats’s reading of Lombroso connects with his interests in crime, eugenics, psychoanalysis, predestination, and the occult in his theater, for example, in his late play ‘Purgatory’, which is discussed in detail.
“Born Anew”: W. B. Yeats’s “Eastern” Turn in the 1930s
Authors: Armstrong Charles I.
Published: May 2017

This essay looks at how Yeats consistently associated what he conceived of as “Eastern” thought with themes of rebirth and fresh beginnings, as well as a form of disinterestedness. This nexus is evident not only in his early poetry adopting Indian personae and themes, but also in the introductions he wrote in the 1930s for works by Shri Purohit Swami. In his introduction to An Indian Monk: His Life and Adventures (1932), Yeats claimed that much of the Western tradition actually stems from the East: “We have borrowed directly from the East and selected for admiration or repetition everything in our own past that is least European, as though groping backward towards our common mother.”This essay looks at doctrinal borrowings and overlap – both in the prose and poetry – with special emphasis on how Yeats’s relations with the East are intertwined with his readings of Hegel and Romanticism.
A multi-ethnic metropolis: representations of Marseille
Authors: McGonagle Joseph
Published: May 2017

By considering a range of different works from across contemporary visual culture, this chapter explores in detail how Marseille – and the ethnicities of its inhabitants – has been represented since the 1980s. It assesses the extent to which case studies taken from auteur and popular cinema, photography and television soap opera both conform with – and deviate from – traditional visions of this Mediterranean metropolis. It argues that Marseille has increasingly been deployed as a means by which to showcase ethnic diversity in contemporary France and French visual culture.
Andrew O’Hagan
Authors: Lea Daniel
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores the writing of Andrew O’Hagan from his non-fictional beginnings in the late-1990s to his most recent published novel – The Illuminations (2015). The chapter follows the same chronological format established by the previous revealing two key intertwined concerns underpinning O’Hagan’s writing. These are a concern with the nature of contemporary celebrity as it relates to the postmodern commodification of selfhood, and the tentacular grip that the past holds on the present, especially in the context of Scottish nationalism. The idea of a missing, or corrupted core, unites both these themes and focuses O’Hagan’s writing round a consideration of the weight and freight of realness.
Sarah Hall
Authors: Lea Daniel
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on the writing of the Cumbrian novelist Sarah Hall, and explores her work’s close engagement with place and landscape as constitutive of social identity. By examining her fiction up to and including The Wolf Border (2015), the chapter explores her insistent concern with the material heft of the physical world in an increasingly weightless, digitised realm. Material stuff matters in Hall’s work, and manifests a ineradicable relationship between the human being and the beauty, pain, and violence of the world.
Jon McGregor
Authors: Lea Daniel
Published: May 2017

This chapter traces the development of Jon McGregor’s writing up to the publication of his collection of short stories This Isn’t the Sort of Thing that Happens to Someone Like You (2012). It establishes McGregor’s deep interest in the resonance of the everyday and the overlooked, and examines the ethical importance of mutual recognition and the import of the other in his writing. McGregor’s fiction always demands the gaze of an often disinterested world both as an act of charity, and as a statement of human connectedness.
Introduction: a context for The Faerie Queen
Authors: Christian Margaret
Published: May 2017

Spenser described his allegorical epic to his friend Walter Raleigh as an alternative to straightforward moral and religious teaching. This book seeks to put Spenser’s project in context by introducing readers to Spenser’s reference point—16th century sermons, homilies, and liturgies—particularly their use of biblical types for contemporary individuals and concerns. In contrast to deconstructive, gender-based, or psychoanalytic studies, this book attempts to read The Faerie Queene as its first readers might have done. Sermon studies by A. F. Herr, Peter Blench, Millar MacLure, and Peter McCullough and his collaborators are useful guides; many printed sermons are available on the database Early English Books Online. An outline of the book’s nine chapters and acknowledgements close the introduction.
Traditional scriptural interpretation and sixteenth-century allegoresis: old and new
Authors: Christian Margaret
Published: May 2017

Allegoresis is interpreting a text written with straightforward literal intent as if it were an allegory. In typology, a literal person or object is treated as an anticipatory example of someone or something to come. The Bible was the most important text subject to this kind of reading, including by New Testament writers. A sampling of commentaries on the parable of the sower (Matthew 13) and the rivalry between Mary and Martha (Luke 10) demonstrates the stability of allegorical readings from the patristic to the early modern era. Although the extent to which the Bible was properly read allegorically was hotly debated in the sixteenth century, even William Tyndale’s practice had much in common with traditional four-fold interpretation. Marginal glosses from the Geneva Bible indicate the general acceptance (and by extension, the transparency) of allegorical reading. Spenser’s use of words like “type,” “shadow,” “image,” and “figure” refer to traditional biblical exegesis, adapting a method familiar to Elizabethans from religious sources.
Allegorical reading in sermon references to history and current events
Authors: Christian Margaret
Published: May 2017

Elizabethan preachers and homilists embraced providentialism, looking to history, both biblical and secular, to read universal moral principles and God’s eternal purposes in their contemporary scene. According to John Aylmer, Esther was a type of Anne Boleyn while Mordechai figured Archbishop Cranmer; Richard Curteys saw Athaliah as a type of Mary Tudor, and David foreshadowed Elizabeth. According to William Barlow, the Roman Coriolanus typified the Earl of Essex, while the earl perversely saw himself as David and Elizabeth as Saul—an identification Barlow took seriously enough to refute at some length. Thomas Holland, preaching on Accession Day, recounted the positive attributes and godly behaviour of the Queen of Sheba without explicitly identifying her with Elizabeth, demonstrating how adept sermon-goers were expected to be at the kind of allegorical reading The Faerie Queene demands.
“Waues of weary wretchednesse”: Florimell and the sea
Authors: Christian Margaret
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines sermon uses of the image of the sea and the ship to demonstrate that the ocean, for Elizabethans, represented not only a realm of magic and fertility but also the spiritual dangers of the world, the flesh, and the devil. Sermons by Stephen Gosson, Richard Madox, Robert Wilkinson (among others) as well as Geneva Bible illustrations and glosses, provide parallels for Britomart’s lament at III.iv and a key to the moral meaning of the various settings of Florimell’s adventures: her near-rape by the fisherman, imprisonment by Proteus at III.viii-ix, and rescue by Cymoent in IV.xii. The sea setting sharpens the point of narrative references to divine intervention, and the sermons show how these episodes’ sea settings make sense for Spenser’s dramatizing the incompleteness of the single life that propels men and women toward their destiny of married love.
Court and courtesy: sermon contexts for Spenser’s Book VI
Authors: Christian Margaret
Published: May 2017

Sermon references to courtiers and court inveigh against ambition, luxury, pleasure-seeking, flattery, and intrigue while commending biblical courtiers like Joseph, Moses, David, and Nehemiah for their godliness and service to common people. Elizabethan courtesy, a Christian virtue reflecting the character of God, is properly manifested in court as well as contryside: by noblemen to those in distress and to commoners like shepherds, and conversely by hospitable householders like Abraham and Lot to their angel visitors, or Caelia to Redcrosse and Melibœ to Calidore. Its oposite is malicious slander like that personified in the Blatant Beast. Sermon references to court and courtesy show that Spenser’s treatment of these topoi, far from being subversive or jaded, is very conventional. Spenser’s Calidore had important biblical role models, particularly in Nehemiah and Moses.
The surface’s substance
Authors: Fend Mechthild
Published: May 2017

The naked areas an artist represents when painting a human body were traditionally not conceived of in terms of skin but of flesh. This chapter discusses notions of flesh and flesh tones in the European art literature from the Middle Ages (Theophilus Prespyter, Cennino Cennini, Jean Lebèque) to French seventeenth and early eighteenth-century art theory. A focus is on the association of flesh and colour in the writings of Roger de Piles and in the technique of colour printing as theorised in Jacob Le Blon's 1725 treatise Coloritto, or the Harmony of Colouring. The chapter demonstrates how skin slowly made its entry into art theory over the course of the eighteenth century and argues that skin and flesh came to be perceived differently over the course of the early modern period. Especially the microscope changed the ways in which the bodily mater was seen: organic substance was now described with textile metaphors as texture or tissue. In accordance with the new medical understanding of the dermis as a tissue built of interwoven layers, eighteenth-century art practice and discourse turned skin into a complex organ that was supposed to be rendered via an appropriately textured painterly brushwork.