bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NAVIGATING THE WAVES OF CHANGE AND RIPPLES OF CHALLENGES IN THE WATER SUPPLY CHAIN SECTOR
Authors: Naidoo Kelsi , Van der Lingen Elma
Published: December 2024

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has ushered in a transformative era for industries worldwide, including the water sector. This paper investigates the difficulties that are encountered and the changes that are required in water sector supply chain management amid the 4IR. A comprehensive analysis of scholarly articles, research papers, and industry reports provides insights into the evolving dynamics of water supply chains. The review identifies challenges such as data integration complexities, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, budget constraints, regulatory intricacies, skills gaps, environmental sustainability concerns, infrastructure compatibility issues, data privacy dilemmas, resource limitations, socio-political factors, and geographical disparities. These are critically examined within their contextual frameworks, highlighting their significance for the water sector. This paper is valuable for researchers, policymakers, water utility professionals, and stakeholders seeking a comprehensive understanding of water sector supply chain management’s intricate challenges and transformative changes during the 4IR. This paper could also assist in illuminating water-related problems and solutions.
APPLICATION OF THE DELPHI TECHNIQUE FOR THE SUCCESSFUL ADOPTION OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT 4.0 IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN MANUFACTURING SECTOR
Authors: Mhlongo Nondumiso , Nyembwe Kasongo
Published: December 2024

Quality 4.0, an integration of traditional quality management and advanced Industry 4.0 technologies, is transforming manufacturing industries. Despite this, the application and impact of Quality 4.0 in developing nations, particularly in South Africa, has not been adequately explored. Ten experts were asked to use the Delphi technique to identify the critical factors that could lead to the successful adoption of Quality 4.0 in South Africa. Once the experts had reached a consensus, their recommendations were mapped on the Deming (PDCA) cycle. To enable a seamless transition, they emphasised top management support, workforce development, embedding a Quality 4.0 culture, integrating new technologies with legacy processes, and continual monitoring of key performance indicators. The study provides a guide for manufacturers successfully to embrace Quality 4.0, thereby enhancing competitiveness and contributing to the government’s goal of fully embracing Industry 4.0 by 2030, in line with the related United Nations sustainable development goal number 9 on industry, innovation, and infrastructure.
THE EFFECTS OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON ENABLING TEAM EFFECTIVENESS FOR MULTIPLE TEAM MEMBERSHIPS
Authors: Mntambo Nokukhanya , Chan Kai-Ying
Published: December 2024

The prevalence of multiple team membership (MTM) in the modern organisation results from the need of an organisation to be efficient with its resources so that the desired efficiency is achieved. This study investigates the effect of leadership styles (transactional, transformational, directive, and laissez-faire) on enabling team effectiveness in the context of MTM. The team effectiveness criteria used are team viability, team processes, and quality of group experience. The data was collected through online questionnaires from 53 individuals in a mining organisation. The results showed a positive relationship between the transactional leadership style and all three criteria of team effectiveness, whereas the directive leadership style indicated a negative relationship with those criteria. Transformational leadership showed a positive impact only on the quality of group experience. Based on the results, it is recommended that transactional leadership styles be adopted for team effectiveness in the context of MTM for similar organisations.
PREDICTION OF WATER HYACINTH COVERAGE ON THE HARTBEESPOORT DAM
Authors: De Gouveia Claudia Camacho , Buhrmann Jacoba
Published: December 2024

Water hyacinth is an invasive weed that contributes to the Hartbeespoort Dam’s poor water quality. Although biological control is the most effective and sustainable method of controlling water hyacinth, a prediction model to plan the biological controls is essential for successful intervention. The literature shows that mathematical models and remote sensing have been used successfully in the past to estimate plant growth rates in similar applications. This study presents various machine-learning models that were investigated to predict water hyacinth coverage.

The complex relationships of water hyacinth growth were simplified to focus on the most influential factors: temperature and nutrients. Missing data were imputed using the multiple k-nearest neighbours imputation. The nutrient datasets were extrapolated to the correct timeline using Monte Carlo simulations and seasonal patterns. Ensemble learning, decision trees, artificial neural networks, and support vector machine models were developed, with ensemble learning (bag algorithm) resulting in the best predictions.
FUTURE MINES’ COMPRESSED AIR PLANNING USING DIGITAL TWIN SIMULATIONS
Authors: Burger Paul , Vosloo Jan , van Laar Jean
Published: December 2024

Most deep-level gold mines use compressed air services that directly influence production. However, compressed air planning is often overlooked, leading to unforeseen problems and production losses. Therefore, a need exists for a proactive compressed air planning strategy to illuminate and solve these problems before they occur. This would help to ensure that compressed air services meet the requirements of planned mining.

This study developed a proactive planning methodology using digital twin simulations to identify and solve future problems in mines’ compressed air systems. The methodology was applied to a case study mine, successfully solving a problem in which the compressed air system would have been unable to meet future pressure demands. The implemented solution led to a 32% pressure increase, demonstrating the potential of digital twin simulations in proactively planning and optimising mines’ compressed air systems.
THE IMPLICATIONS OF INTEGRATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INTO DATA-DRIVEN DECISION-MAKING
Authors: Sutherns Jessica , Fanta Getnet
Published: December 2024

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into data-driven decision-making offers advantages like increased performance, reduced costs and improved organisational efficiency; however, there are associated risks. The study employs a PRISMA protocol to systematically review academic articles from Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases to determine whether the risks AI pose are worth the rewards they offer. Literature trends reveal a growing interest in AI-driven decision-making, with significant research gaps in African contexts. The study indicates that AI is highly utilized for decision-making to foster competitiveness in manufacturing, finance, healthcare, education, and transport. Identified risks include bias, discrimination, privacy issues, and cybersecurity threats. It is highlighted that businesses need to address concerns about privacy, fairness, and transparency. Policymakers must develop ethical and legal standards besides regular monitoring and auditing of AI uses to mitigate risks.
A DEEP LEARNING DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR FUNCTIONAL ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY USING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCANS
Authors: Gruber Celina , Burger Eldon
Published: December 2024

Chronic sinusitis is a common disease that significantly affects quality of life. To treat chronic sinusitis, functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is frequently considered. FESS alleviates chronic sinusitis symptoms by restoring natural sinus drainage. Otolaryngologists rely on computed tomography (CT) reports to establish whether FESS is appropriate. To enhance sinus CT reports and improve decision-making, a segmentation model is developed. Both 2D and 3D segmentation models were compared, with the 3D model achieving marginally better results. The model accurately segments the sinus system, including the nasal cavity, achieving a mean Dice coefficient of 0.889 ± 0.028. The resulting 3D visualisation of the segmented sinus system enables quick identification of opacified regions, helping otolaryngologists to make informed decisions about the appropriateness of FESS. This automated approach reduces the time required to compile reports, improves the precision of clinical evaluations, and ultimately enhances patient care.
ADOPTING SMART MANUFACTURING: SPECIFIC NEEDS AND CHALLENGES OF SMALL, MEDIUM, AND MICRO ENTERPRISES (SMMES)
Authors: Bello Kazeem , Maladzhi Rendani , Kanakana-Katumba Mukondeleli Grace
Published: December 2024

Smart manufacturing (SM) promotes a company’s key performance indicators (KPI) and provides a competitive advantage for business owners who successfully adopt it. This paper aims to evaluate the current conditions of South Africa small, medium, and micro enterprises (SMMEs), their frameworks, specific requirements, and problems. To achieve the goal of this study, a literature review was conducted to identify research gaps that needed to be addressed in order to support SMMEs successfully in their progress towards the adoption of SM. The results show that no specific SM frameworks are available to reflect the specific requirements and challenges of SMMEs. This study provides insights that would aid in developing realistic SM adoption requirements for SMMEs that precisely reflect their business realities. SMME stakeholders could clearly define their SM-specific goals with the assistance of an SM framework that is specifically tailored to support their needs.
Note from the Guest Editor
Authors: Hattingh Teresa
Published: December 2024

To tell a good story and to illuminate the world: the two things are completely linked. That is the point.” - Robert Harris

This year, the annual Special Edition presents the best work from the 34th Conference of the Southern African Institute for Industrial Engineering (SAIIE34), held from 14 to 16th October 2024 on the banks of the Vaal River in South Africa. And what a spectacular and illuminating conference this was!

The industrial engineering community in Southern Africa is very special. The conference brings this community together - the academics, practitioners, thought leaders and a few individuals with very crazy ideas. For many, the conference is the highlight of their year, a break from everyday tasks and the pressures of the workplace. It creates a safe and energising place to breathe, think, dream and share brilliant ideas and thought-provoking questions.

Over the three days of the conference, emerging and established researchers in South Africa showcased the work that they are doing to tackle global and local challenges. As they tell their stories, they illuminate the complexities of problems and innovative solutions to solve them.

This Special Edition includes some of the best work presented at the conference. The papers that are included in this Special Edition undergo the same double-blind peer review process as the journal, using the journal’s criteria. The papers chosen for this edition were selected based on reviewer rankings and a final check of their quality and suitability by the journal editors.
Faire de la prévention autrement ! Les adaptations du programme ESPACE en contexte pandémique
Authors: Lalande Célyne , Baril Karine , Lessard Geneviève , Landry-Duschesne Ariane , Bergeron Janie , Leduc Nathalie
Published: December 2024

Les organismes ESPACE ont adapté leur programme de prévention de la violence envers les enfants afin de maintenir sa diffusion dans les établissements scolaires et à l’extérieur de ceux-ci en contexte de COVID-19. La tenue d’un groupe de discussion regroupant cinq animatrices d’ESPACE et l’analyse de rapports d’activités d’organismes ESPACE produits entre 2019 et 2022 ont permis de documenter ces adaptations. Il ressort des analyses que les ateliers virtuels pour parents et les activités en ligne sont une avenue prometteuse pour prévenir la violence envers les enfants. Toutefois, ces activités doivent impérativement être évaluées pour bien en mesurer le potentiel.
L’intervention féministe en maison d’hébergement pour femmes en contexte pandémique
Authors: Flynn Catherine , Castro-Zavala Sastal , Godin Julie , Provencher Aube
Published: December 2024

Cet article présente des résultats tirés d’une étude en partenariat avec la Fédération des maisons d’hébergement pour femmes (FMHF). Cette étude voulait mieux comprendre les effets de la pandémie de la COVID-19 sur les services d’intervention féministe offerts aux femmes, sur les pratiques de gestion féministe, sur les collaborations et sur la défense collective des droits et les représentations politiques. Quarante-trois participantes ont pu faire entendre leur voix dans le cadre de 12 groupes de discussion ; 18 directrices, 5 coordonnatrices, 14 intervenantes, 3 usagères des services et 3 membres de la permanence ont été rencontrées dans le cadre de ces groupes de discussion. Une analyse de contenu émergent a révélé qu’une solidarité régionale et provinciale s’est orchestrée afin de faire reconnaître les maisons d’hébergement comme étant essentielles et de maintenir les services. Les liens se sont pourtant fissurés dans le contexte où les services se sont resserrés afin de préserver des équipes d’intervenantes fragilisées, laissant des femmes marginalisées derrière, alors que les efforts se sont centrés vers la prévention des féminicides et la lutte contre la violence conjugale.
La agenda mediática olvida catástrofes y conflictos
Authors: Ollé Candela
Published: December 2024

La agenda mediática, que históricamente ha seleccionado los temas que son importantes para la audiencia, se ha visto desplazada en gran medida por las redes sociales. Las noticias de guerras y catástrofes naturales quedan ocultas y pierden actualidad rápidamente, a pesar de su continuidad y vigencia informativa. Desgranamos algunos de los factores que hacen que esto ocurra, como, por ejemplo, la fatiga informativa, la necesidad constante de nuevas historias y la carencia de confianza en los medios. Para concluir, proponemos cinco rutinas para velar por un periodismo de calidad.
Comunicar la buena educación: las ‘eduinfluencers’ (I)
Authors: Costa Gálvez Lola
Published: December 2024

Desde que abrí mi Instagram profesional (@unaprofesorademurcia) he consumido mucho contenido educativo que no solo me ha ayudado en mis clases, sino que también me ha inspirado a la hora de crear mi propio contenido. Este artículo nace del interés en conocer qué hay detrás de las personas que, como yo, sienten la necesidad de compartir la profesión docente.
Genetic diversity affects ecosystem functions across trophic levels as much as species diversity, but in an opposite direction
Authors: Fargeot Laura , Poesy Camille , Lefort Maxim , Prunier Jérôme G , Krick Madoka , Verdonck Rik , Veyssière Charlotte , Richard Murielle , Legrand Delphine , Loot Géraldine , Blanchet Simon
Published: December 2024

Understanding the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning stands as a cornerstone in ecological research. Extensive evidence now underscores the profound impact of species loss on the stability and dynamics of ecosystem functions. However, it remains unclear whether the loss of genetic diversity within key species yield similar consequences. Here, we delve into the intricate relationship between species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem functions across three trophic levels —primary producers, primary consumers, and secondary consumers— in natural aquatic ecosystems. Our investigation involves estimating species diversity and genome-wide diversity -gauged within three pivotal species-within each trophic level, evaluating seven key ecosystem functions, and analyzing the magnitude of the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functions (BEFs). We found that, overall, the absolute effect size of genetic diversity on ecosystem functions mirrors that of species diversity in natural ecosystems. We nonetheless unveil a striking dichotomy: while genetic diversity was positively correlated with various ecosystem functions, species diversity displays a negative correlation with these functions. These intriguing antagonist effects of species and genetic diversity persists across the three trophic levels (underscoring its systemic nature), but were apparent only when BEFs were assessed within trophic levels rather than across them. This study reveals the complexity of predicting the consequences of genetic and species diversity loss under natural conditions, and emphasizes the need for further mechanistic models integrating these two facets of biodiversity.
Exploration of the metabolomic mechanisms of postmenopausal hypertension induced by low estrogen state
Authors: Li Yao , Xin Hui , Lian Zhexun , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2024

Estrogen significantly impacts women’s health, and postmenopausal hypertension is a common issue characterized by blood pressure fluctuations. Current control strategies for this condition are limited in efficacy, necessitating further research into the underlying mechanisms. Although metabolomics has been applied to study various diseases, its use in understanding postmenopausal hypertension is scarce. Therefore, an ovariectomized rat model was used to simulate postmenopausal conditions. Estrogen levels, blood pressure, and aortic tissue metabolomics were analyzed. Animal models were divided into Sham, OVX, and OVX +E groups. Serum estrogen levels, blood pressure measurements, and aortic tissue metabolomics analyses were performed using radioimmunoassay, UHPLC-Q-TOF, and bioinformatics techniques. Based on the above research content, we successfully established a correlation between low estrogen levels and postmenopausal hypertension in rats. Notable differences in blood pressure parameters and aortic tissue metabolites were observed across the experimental groups. Specifically, metabolites that were differentially expressed, particularly L-alpha-aminobutyric acid (L-AABA), showed potential as a biomarker for postmenopausal hypertension, potentially exerting a protective function through macrophage activation and vascular remodeling. Enrichment analysis revealed alterations in sugar metabolism pathways, such as the Warburg effect and glycolysis, indicating their involvement in postmenopausal hypertension. Overall, this current research provides insights into the metabolic changes associated with postmenopausal hypertension, highlighting the role of L-AABA and sugar metabolism reprogramming in aortic tissue. The findings suggest a potential link between low estrogen levels, macrophage function, and vascular remodeling in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal hypertension. Further investigations are needed to validate these findings and explore their clinical implications for postmenopausal women.
Conformational dynamics and asymmetry in multimodal inhibition of membrane-bound pyrophosphatases
Authors: Liu Jianing , Shah Anokhi , Ma Yue , Hardman Katie , Johansson Niklas G , Ribeiro Orquidea , Brookfield Adam , Bowen Alice , Yli-Kauhaluoma Jari , Xhaard Henri , Jeuken Lars JC , Goldman Adrian , Pliotas Christos , Vidilaseris Keni
Published: December 2024

Membrane-bound pyrophosphatases (mPPases) are homodimeric proteins that hydrolyse pyrophosphate and pump H
+
/Na
+
across membranes. They are crucial for the virulence of protist pathogens, making them attractive drug targets. In this study, we investigate the inhibitory effects of seven distinct bisphosphonates against
Thermotoga maritima
mPPase to explore their mode of action and assist in future small molecule inhibitor development. We solved two structures of mPPase bound to the inhibitors in the enzyme active sites and probed the conformational dynamics of mPPase under multiple inhibitors and functionally relevant conditions by double electron-electron resonance (DEER) spectroscopy. We found that mPPase adopts five distinct conformations within the ensemble in the presence of different inhibitors. Combined with solid-supported membrane-based electrophysiology recordings, this revealed that during catalysis, one monomer of the dimer remains open, and Na
+
can only be pumped in a closed state. These results further support the existence of catalytic asymmetry in our pumping-before-hydrolysis model.
PEBP1 amplifies mitochondrial dysfunction-induced integrated stress response
Authors: Cheng Ling , Meliala Ian , Kong Yidi , Chen Jingyuan , Proud Christopher G , Björklund Mikael
Published: December 2024

Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in numerous diseases and the aging process. The integrated stress response (ISR) serves as a critical adaptation mechanism to a variety of stresses, including those originating from mitochondria. By utilizing mass spectrometry-based cellular thermal shift assay (MS-CETSA), we uncovered that phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1 (PEBP1), also known as Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP), is thermally stabilized by stresses which induce mitochondrial ISR. Depletion of PEBP1 impaired mitochondrial ISR activation by reducing eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) phosphorylation and subsequent ISR gene expression, which was independent of PEBP1’s role in inhibiting the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway. Consistently, overexpression of PEBP1 potentiated ISR activation by heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI) kinase, the principal eIF2α kinase in the mitochondrial ISR pathway. Real-time interaction analysis using luminescence complementation in live cells revealed an interaction between PEBP1 and eIF2α, which was disrupted by eIF2α S51 phosphorylation. These findings suggest a role for PEBP1 in amplifying mitochondrial stress signals, thereby facilitating an effective cellular response to mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, PEBP1 may be a potential therapeutic target for diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
Cortical beta oscillations map to shared brain networks modulated by dopamine
Authors: Chikermane Meera , Weerdmeester Liz , Rajamani Nanditha , Köhler Richard M , Merk Timon , Vanhoecke Jojo , Horn Andreas , Neumann Wolf Julian
Published: December 2024

Brain rhythms can facilitate neural communication for the maintenance of brain function. Beta rhythms (13–35 Hz) have been proposed to serve multiple domains of human ability, including motor control, cognition, memory, and emotion, but the overarching organisational principles remain unknown. To uncover the circuit architecture of beta oscillations, we leverage normative brain data, analysing over 30 hr of invasive brain signals from 1772 channels from cortical areas in epilepsy patients, to demonstrate that beta is the most distributed cortical brain rhythm. Next, we identify a shared brain network from beta-dominant areas with deeper brain structures, like the basal ganglia, by mapping parametrised oscillatory peaks to whole-brain functional and structural MRI connectomes. Finally, we show that these networks share significant overlap with dopamine uptake as indicated by positron emission tomography. Our study suggests that beta oscillations emerge in cortico-subcortical brain networks that are modulated by dopamine. It provides the foundation for a unifying circuit-based conceptualisation of the functional role of beta activity beyond the motor domain and may inspire an extended investigation of beta activity as a feedback signal for closed-loop neurotherapies for dopaminergic disorders.
Desigualdades na gestão de resíduos sólidos domésticos e impactos na saúde pública em áreas urbanas vulneráveis
Authors: Santos Andréa da Silva , Kall Igor Richardt
Published: December 2024

Este artigo examina as desigualdades na gestão de resíduos sólidos domésticos e seus impactos na saúde pública em áreas urbanas vulneráveis. O manejo inadequado dos resíduos em comunidades marginalizadas contribui significativamente para a proliferação de vetores de doenças, contaminação ambiental e riscos à saúde dos moradores. A pesquisa destaca como as políticas públicas ineficazes e a falta de infraestrutura adequada agravam essas desigualdades, exacerbando os problemas de saúde pública. Este estudo propõe abordagens integradas e participativas para a gestão de resíduos, enfatizando a importância da equidade no acesso a serviços de saneamento e manejo de resíduos sólidos.
Informação não financeira e indicadores sociais: lei de cotas raciais
Authors: Reimol Diego dos Santos , Leite Rodrigo de Oliveira
Published: December 2024

Considerando como as organizações públicas estão divulgando as informações não financeiras em seus relatórios sobre diversidade racial. Justifica-se a escolha do tema desta pesquisa motivada pelo fato da Lei de Cotas em concursos ter completado uma década de existência em junho de 2024 (uma vez ter sido promulgada em  2014) e ter sua validade fixada em 10 anos. Tem-se como objetivos, verificar a contribuição das leis de ações afirmativas para maior equidade racial no quadro de professores universitários, sob a ótica da Teoria Institucional, além de indicadores não financeiros divulgados pela Universidade sobre as ações afirmativas raciais. Para tanto, procede-se à análise documental. Desse modo, observa-se que em relação aos servidores, o Relatório revela que menos de 13% do corpo docente é composto por pessoas que se autodeclaram pretas ou pardas. O que permite concluir que o estudo revelou que a aplicação da Lei das Cotas ainda encontra barreiras significativas na UFRJ. Embora a lei tenha alterado os editais de concursos, a falta de clareza nas normas criam uma desconexão entre o previsto e o aplicado, refletindo um processo de "decoupling" segundo a teoria institucional.
Utilização da tecnologia assistiva para a educação à distância
Authors: Bezerra Elieber Barros , Luna Carlos Bruno Barreto , Silva Adriano Lima da , Pereira Helder de Lucena
Published: December 2024

A educação à distância (EaD) assume um papel transformador na esfera educacional, possibilitando a disseminação de oportunidades de aprendizado de alta qualidade para um público diversificado e global. Este artigo de revisão se concentra na crescente relevância da tecnologia assistiva na EaD, com um enfoque específico na área técnica profissionalizante, realçando sua capacidade de promover a inclusão e acessibilidade no ensino e na aprendizagem. A tecnologia assistiva compreende ferramentas e dispositivos desenvolvidos para apoiar indivíduos com deficiências, capacitando-os a superar desafios educacionais. A nossa análise se direciona para a integração e eficácia dessas tecnologias, com ênfase nas descobertas mais recentes nessa interseção. Durante a revisão da literatura, examinamos as tendências na aplicação da tecnologia assistiva na área técnica profissionalizante, identificamos obstáculos para sua implementação e destacamos as melhores práticas e estratégias específicas para esse contexto. O objetivo central é analisar as tendências atuais na utilização de tecnologia assistiva na EaD, identificar os desafios enfrentados na implementação dessas tecnologias e destacar as melhores práticas e estratégias que podem aprimorar significativamente a experiência de aprendizagem para todos os alunos, independentemente de suas capacidades ou limitações individuais. Esta revisão oferece uma análise profunda sobre o papel da tecnologia assistiva na EaD, especialmente no contexto de educação técnica e profissionalizante. A compreensão desta interseção entre tecnologia assistiva e educação técnica é de suma importância para educadores, administradores e todos que buscam promover a igualdade de oportunidades de aprendizado em ambientes educacionais verdadeiramente acessíveis e inclusivos, sobretudo no contexto de formação profissional.
Modelagem matemática e a formação continuada de professores pedagogos: uma experiência com os anos iniciais
Authors: Freitas Juscelaine Martins de , Rosa Cláudia Carreira da
Published: December 2024

Este trabalho traz um recorte de uma dissertação e tem como objetivo relatar uma experiência de formação continuada com um grupo de professores pedagogos sobre a prática do professor reflexivo e o uso da modelagem matemática em sala de aula. O estudo é de cunho qualitativo/interpretativo, traz como metodologia à pesquisa de campo para obtenção dos resultados e a pesquisa exploratória para obtenção de contextualização teórica. Para tanto foi oferecido um curso de modelagem matemática aos professores pedagogos como uma alternativa possível para o ensino em uma escola pública no interior X a fim de se trabalhar com a modelagem na sala de aula. Partindo do princípio do professor reflexivo, este trabalho visa contribuir e inspirar professores e pesquisadores a adotarem práticas reflexivas a partir do uso da modelagem matemática em sala de aula.
Status of Trace Elements’ Concentrations in Lake Baringo’s Catchment in Kenya: A Review
Authors: Mwamburi Job
Published: December 2024

Lake Baringo is one of the two shallow freshwater rift valley lakes characterized by a topographically closed basin, alkaline waters, turbidity, high evaporation rates and seasonal water level changes. The lake water is an important water source, and it sustains a small fishery and high biodiversity. The lake basin is located at a relatively lower altitude in a semi-arid area, along the floor of the rift valley, and therefore it is greatly influenced by materials derived from the steep gradient landscape of the catchment area, anthropogenic activities and geological formations. Cadmium, lead, arsenic’s inorganic species, and mercury are the heavy metals which are considered to be the most toxic amongst the non-essential trace elements to humans, animals and plants in the environment. During the ”Anthropocene” epoch there have been growing concerns as regards metal pollution sources due to increased generation of electronic wastes, uncontrolled solid waste disposal and untreated wastewater, abandoned and active mining operations. Additionally, the remote areas in Kenya and other countries are also exposed to transboundary atmospheric deposits, leaching of terrestrially applied agrochemicals and increased mineral weathering processes which contribute variable loads of metallic contaminants into surface and underground water sources. Potential sources, occurrences and accumulation of trace elements in the aquatic environmental samples are of concerns worldwide due to their known toxicities. Trace elements such as Cd, As, Cu, Fe, Hg, Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Sn, and Pb are contaminants known to cause severe toxicity to aquatic organisms and fish species. Increased exposure of toxic trace elements to humans emanates mainly from drinking water, consumption of aquatic species and food intake which leads to accumulation of elevated trace elements, and hence the need or stringent regulation of toxic elements in water, food and other products. Although varying and low levels of trace elements are often reported for most natural lake waters, and appreciably higher amounts in sediments, the bioavailability is what determines actual toxic effects. Therefore, being a Ramsar site, there is need to develop information and database for monitoring water quality changes and understanding anthropogenic impacts on the river and lake ecosystem. This report reviews information on the status of trace elements concentrations in the different lake compartments from previous studies, and the potential implications on water quality, ecosystem health and sustainability.
Therapeutic Applications and Multifaceted Benefits of Peppermint Oil in Medicine: A Mini-Review
Authors: Hussein Mohamed , Ali EL-Shimaa
Published: December 2024

Peppermint oil, a natural product derived from the Mentha × piperita plant, has gained significant attention for its therapeutic versatility across various medical fields. This review examines clinical trials published on PubMed from 2016 to 2024, focusing on its efficacy and safety. Using a systematic approach, studies were selected based on their relevance to human clinical applications. The results highlight peppermint oil's effectiveness in managing gastrointestinal conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), reducing chemotherapy-induced nausea, alleviating postoperative pain and anxiety, and enhancing cognitive function and mood. Additionally, its role in improving colonoscopy procedures, preventing pressure injuries, and supporting mental clarity showcases its broad potential. While the evidence supports its application in many areas, the review also identifies limitations, particularly in respiratory health and physical performance enhancements. Overall, peppermint oil emerges as a safe, cost-effective, and accessible complementary therapy with potential for broader use in patient care decrease medical as well as financial burden, hence improving the management of cirrhotic patients. These predictors, however, need further work to validate reliability.
Exacerbation of neuropsychiatric symptoms in an adult male with influenza A virus treated with oseltamivir
Authors: Scott Masa , Faltin Emily , Londick Kathleen
Published: December 2024

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) package labeling has a warning for neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAE), most commonly in children and adolescents, especially males. There are several case reports of NPAE in adults treated with oseltamivir, but few document patients with preexisting neuropsychiatric conditions without additional contributing factors. This case report describes a 22-year-old male with a history of bipolar disorder, depression, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder who had been stable on his medication regimen before experiencing sudden worsening of symptoms after the initiation of oseltamivir. The case adds to previous literature by strengthening the correlation between oseltamivir and a sudden increase in neuropsychiatric symptoms. Providers should be aware that oseltamivir may exacerbate symptoms of previously stable patients. Depending on the severity of neuropsychiatric effects, discontinuation of oseltamivir and symptom treatment with pharmacotherapy may be warranted.
Modernisierung des Gemeinnützigkeitsrechts durch den Gesetzgeber – Kritische Vorhaben und offene Punkte, Statement
Authors: Schober Tibor
Published: December 2024

Im Koalitionsvertrag hatte die aktuelle Regierung ein Potpourri an gemeinnützigkeitsrechtlichen Vorhaben angekündigt, u.a. die Einführung einer neuen Wohngemeinnützigkeit, die Konkretisierung und Ergänzung der Gemeinnützigkeitszwecke, um aus der Rechtsprechung entstandenen Unsicherheiten entgegenzuwirken und zudem sollte gesetzlich klargestellt werden, dass sich eine gemeinnützige Organisation innerhalb ihrer steuerbegünstigten Zwecke politisch betätigen könne. Unter Verweis auf die Ausführungen von Exner (in diesem Heft ab S. 1013 ff.) und Koglin (in diesem Heft ab S. 1018 ff.) sollem hier die aktuellen Vorhaben nicht erschöpfend dargestellt werden. Der Fokus soll auf die folgenden drei Bereiche gerichtet sein: Politische Betätigung, Wohngemeinnützigkeit und fehlendes zielgenaues Sanktionssystem.
§ 4g EStG und die umwandlungssteuerliche Entstrickung – Normative Würdigung am Beispiel der Verschmelzung von Kapitalgesellschaften unter Einbezug des Entwurfs zum JStG 2024 – Teil II
Authors: Schaumberger Marcus , Stößel Johannes , Ditandy Maximilian
Published: December 2024

Im ersten Teil der Veröffentlichung (FR 2024, 925 ff.) wurden zunächst verschiedene Entstrickungsfallbeispiele im Rahmen der Verschmelzung von Kapitalgesellschaften untersucht. Hierauf basierend fand die europarechtliche Würdigung der (inländischen) Entstrickungsbesteuerung statt. Unter Beachtung der Rechtsprechung des EuGH ist die Entstrickungsbesteuerung nur dann europarechtskonform, wenn die zu entstrickenden stillen Reserven gestreckt über einen Zeitraum von mindestens fünf Jahren zu besteuern sind. Aktuell ist die rechtliche Entstrickung im Umwandlungssteuergesetz aber mit einer Sofortbesteuerung ausgestattet. Aus europarechtlichen Gesichtspunkten ist dies kritisch zu sehen. Diese Rechtsunsicherheit hat mittlerweile auch der Gesetzgeber erkannt, weshalb er im Entwurf zum Jahressteuergesetz 2024 plant eine über § 4g EStG nachgelagerte Besteuerung auch für die rechtliche Entstrickung im Umwandlungssteuergesetz einzuführen. Jedoch enthält der Entwurf keinerlei weiterführende Inhalte ob eine nachgelagerte Besteuerung im Rahmen der rechtlichen Entstrickung unter Einbezug der aktuellen Gesetzeslage überhaupt möglich ist. Der Untersuchungsgang kam bzgl. der Umsetzbarkeit der nachgelagerten Besteuerung zu unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen. Findet eine rechtliche Entstrickung im Rahmen einer inländischen Verschmelzung statt, so ist die nachgelagerte Besteuerung der stillen Reserven über die unbeschränkte Körperschaftsteuerpflicht der im Inland ansässigen übernehmenden Kapitalgesellschaft sichergestellt. Verbleibt nach der Herausverschmelzung ein steuerlicher Anknüpfungspunkt wie eine inländische Betriebsstätte (gemäß nationaler und abkommensrechtlicher Vorschriften), so ist die daraus resultierende beschränkte Körperschaftsteuerpflicht grundsätzlich in der Lage, die nachgelagerte Besteuerung der stillen Reserven sicherzustellen. Jedoch fehlt es aktuell an einer rechtssicheren Lösung, um den Ausgleichsposten einem inlandischen steuerlichen Anknüpfungspunkt wie einer inländischen Betriebsstätte zuzuordnen. Dieser Rechtsunsicherheit gilt es durch einen entsprechenden Reformvorschlag entgegenzutreten. Zudem muss es nicht zwingend der Fall sein, dass im Rahmen einer Herausverschmelzung ein inländischer steuerlicher Anknüpfungspunkt verbleibt. Verbleibt kein steuerlicher Anknüpfungspunkt im Inland, so kam die Untersuchung zu dem Ergebnis, dass eine nachgelagerte Besteuerung (insb. unter Einbezug des abkommensrechtlichen Betriebsstättenprinzips) aktuell nicht gewährleistet ist. Auch an dieser Stelle bedarf es somit eines Reformvorschlags. Die konkrete Umsetzung der notwendigen Reformierungsvorschläge wird in der hier vorliegenden zweiten Veröffentlichung beschrieben. Zudem dürfen im Rahmen der Reformierung insbesondere Wechselwirkungen mit anderen Vorschriften nicht außer Acht gelassen werden. Die Ausführungen des zweiten Veröffentlichungsteils werden mit dem Fazit abgeschlossen.
Vergütung des Rettungsdienstes — Regelfälle und Regelungslücken
Authors: Groß Gerlinde
Published: December 2024

Insbesondere aufgrund stark gestiegener Personalkosten ist die finanzielle Lage vieler Einrichtungen des Gesundheitswesens derzeit sehr angespannt. Deshalb liegt es auf der Hand, dass diese Einrichtungen nach allen möglichen Einnahmequellen suchen und Aufwendungen nach Möglichkeit zu vermeiden versuchen. Jedoch gilt es hierbei zu beachten, dass ein Zahlungsanspruch selbstverständlich auch in diesem Bereich eine Anspruchsgrundlage voraussetzt und ebenso selbstverständlich auch Rettungsdienste bestehende Rechtspflichten zu erfüllen haben.
Die prozessualen Folgen der einseitigen Erledigungserklärung im Eilverfahren
Authors: Palmen Hannes
Published: December 2024

Eine Erledigung kann sowohl bei Haupt- als auch bei Eilverfahren eintreten. Bei Eilverfahren dürfte eine Erledigung sogar weitaus häufiger vorkommen. Denn oftmals entfällt nur die Eilbedürftigkeit, obwohl eine Klärung der Rechtsfragen in der Hauptsache weiterhin für die Parteien von Interesse ist. Dann hat sich jedenfalls das Eilverfahren erledigt. Kostengünstig ist für den Antragsteller die Erledigungserklärung. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet prozessuale Folgefragen, die sich nach einer einseitigen Erledigungserklärung im Eilverfahren stellen.
Das neue Leitentscheidungsverfahren beim BGH
Authors: Feskorn Christian
Published: December 2024

Am 31.10.2024 ist das Gesetz zur Einführung eines Leitentscheidungsverfahrens beim BGH in Kraft getreten (BGBl. I 2024 Nr. 328 v. 30.10.2024). Es ist eine Antwort des Gesetzgebers auf die sog. Massenverfahren und soll zu einer Entlastung der Justiz in diesen Verfahren führen. Im Folgenden werden das Leitentscheidungsverfahren sowie die Motive zu seiner Einführung dargestellt.
Interface Molecular Engineering for Laminated Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells with 80.4% Fill Factor
Authors: Ramírez Quiroz César Omar , Spyropoulos George D. , Salvador Michael , Roch Loïc M. , Berlinghof Marvin , Darío Perea José , Forberich Karen , Dion‐Bertrand Laura‐Isabelle , Schrenker Nadine J. , Classen Andrej , Gasparini Nicola , Chistiakova Ganna , Mews Mathias , Korte Lars , Rech Bernd , Li Ning , Hauke Frank , Spiecker Erdmann , Ameri Tayebeh , Albrecht Steve , Abellán Gonzalo , León Salvador , Unruh Tobias , Hirsch Andreas , Aspuru‐Guzik Alán , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: August 2019

A multipurpose interconnection layer based on poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and d‐sorbitol for monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells is introduced. The interconnection of independently processed silicon and perovskite subcells is a simple add‐on lamination step, alleviating common fabrication complexities of tandem devices. It is demonstrated experimentally and theoretically that PEDOT:PSS is an ideal building block for manipulating the mechanical and electrical functionality of the charge recombination layer by controlling the microstructure on the nano‐ and mesoscale. It is elucidated that the optimal functionality of the recombination layer relies on a gradient in the d‐sorbitol dopant distribution that modulates the orientation of PEDOT across the PEDOT:PSS film. Using this modified PEDOT:PSS composite, a monolithic two‐terminal perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell with a steady‐state efficiency of 21.0%, a fill factor of 80.4%, and negligible open circuit voltage losses compared to single‐junction devices is shown. The versatility of this approach is further validated by presenting a laminated two‐terminal monolithic perovskite/organic tandem solar cell with 11.7% power conversion efficiency. It is envisioned that this lamination concept can be applied for the pairing of multiple photovoltaic and other thin film technologies, creating a universal platform that facilitates mass production of tandem devices with high efficiency.
Biodegradable Frequency‐Selective Magnesium Radio‐Frequency Microresonators for Transient Biomedical Implants
Authors: Rüegg Matthieu , Blum Remo , Boero Giovanni , Brugger Juergen
Published: August 2019

Bioresorbable implantable medical devices show a great potential for applications requiring medical care over well‐defined periods of time. Once their function is fulfilled, such implants naturally degrade and resorb in the body, which eliminates adverse long‐term effects or the need for a secondary surgery to extract the implanted device. Since biodegradable materials are water‐soluble, the fabrication of such transient electronic circuits and devices requires special care and needs to rely solely on dry processing steps without exposure to aqueous solutions. A further challenge is the in vivo powering of medical implants that are only constituted of biodegradable materials. This paper describes the design, fabrication, and testing of radio‐frequency biodegradable magnesium microresonators. To this end, an innovative microfabrication process with minimal exposure to aqueous media is developed to fabricate magnesium‐based, water‐soluble electronic components. It consists of a novel sequence of only three steps: one physical vapor deposition, one photolithography, and one ion beam etching step. The frequency‐selective wireless heating of different resonators is demonstrated. This represents a significant step toward their use as power receivers and microheaters in biodegradable implantable medical devices, for applications such as triggered drug release.
Vertical Heterophase for Electrical, Electrochemical, and Mechanical Manipulations of Layered MoTe2
Authors: Eshete Yonas Assefa , Ling Ning , Kim Sera , Kim Dohyun , Hwang Geunwoo , Cho Suyeon , Yang Heejun
Published: August 2019

Phase engineering is a breakthrough for various electronic and energy device applications with transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Chemical methods, such as lithium intercalation, are mostly used for phase engineering, which achieves atomically thin flakes and high catalytic performances in several group 6 TMDs including MoS2. However, chemical methods cannot be applied to MoTe2, a widely investigated group 6 TMD with intriguing semiconducting, topological, and catalytic properties. The lack of modifying MoTe2 by chemical methods remains a puzzling issue considering the small energy difference between the polymorphs of MoTe2. Here, a convection‐assisted lithium ion intercalation and phase transition is reported to achieve a vertical heterophase in a MoTe2 crystal. The vertical heterophase in MoTe2 reduces the Schottky barrier with metal electrodes down to 66 meV, enhancing the overall ion conductance for electrochemical hydrogen production. Moreover, the weakened adhesion of the 1T' phase layers on the top and bottom surfaces in the vertical heterophase, formed by the intercalation, enables a unique surface tension‐driven exfoliation of MoTe2 flakes. The heterophase chemical engineering suggests a new platform for hybrid catalysts and next‐generation electronic devices based on 2D materials.
An Electronically Driven Improper Ferroelectric: Tungsten Bronzes as Microstructural Analogs for the Hexagonal Manganites
Authors: McNulty Jason A. , Tran T. Thao , Halasyamani P. Shiv , McCartan Shane J. , MacLaren Ian , Gibbs Alexandra S. , Lim Felicia J. Y. , Turner Patrick W. , Gregg J. Marty , Lightfoot Philip , Morrison Finlay D.
Published: August 2019

Since the observation that the properties of ferroic domain walls (DWs) can differ significantly from the bulk materials in which they are formed, it has been realized that domain wall engineering offers exciting new opportunities for nanoelectronics and nanodevice architectures. Here, a novel improper ferroelectric, CsNbW2O9, with the hexagonal tungsten bronze structure, is reported. Powder neutron diffraction and symmetry mode analysis indicate that the improper transition (TC = 1100 K) involves unit cell tripling, reminiscent of the hexagonal rare earth manganites. However, in contrast to the manganites, the symmetry breaking in CsNbW2O9 is electronically driven (i.e., purely displacive) via the second‐order Jahn–Teller effect in contrast to the geometrically driven tilt mechanism of the manganites. Nevertheless CsNbW2O9 displays the same kinds of domain microstructure as those found in the manganites, such as the characteristic six‐domain “cloverleaf” vertices and DW sections with polar discontinuities. The discovery of a completely new material system, with domain patterns already known to generate interesting functionality in the manganites, is important for the emerging field of DW nanoelectronics.
Construction of Sensitive Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Chip with Sub‐Nanometer WO3−x Nanowire‐Based Superstructures for Multicomponent Detection
Authors: Ye Yuting , Bai Hua , Li Mengchen , Tian Zheng , Du Ruifeng , Fan Wenhao , Xi Guangcheng
Published: August 2019

Exploring nonmetallic plasmonic materials is desirable yet challenging. For a long time, free‐plasmonic semiconductor is difficult to be used in high‐sensitive surface‐enhanced Raman spectrum (SERS) due to poor enhanced factor and high‐fluorescent background. Herein, it is reported that a nonmetallic plasmonic SERS chip, constructed with a highly ordered sub 1 nm WO3−x nanowire‐based superstructure, shows multicomponent detection capability. The densely arranged nanowires enable a strong localized surface plasmon resonance due to the high charge carriers' density induced by oxygen vacancies in the nanowires. In addition to the usual charge‐transfer enhancement, such nonmetallic WO3−x displays a unusual dramatic plasmon‐enhanced SERS sensing performance with a detection limit of 10−10 m and a maximum Raman enhanced factor of 8.3 × 107. The substrate fluorescence signals are efficiently quenched, making the SERS spectra more distinguishable. More importantly, the prepared WO3−x SERS chip through micro–nano printing realizes the separation and detection of multicomponents simultaneously.