bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response of different sources and levels of phosphorus on yield, nutrient uptake and net returns on mungbean under rainfed condition
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Manohar R.S. , Choudhary* Rakesh , Yadav A.K. , Sangwan A.
Published: December 2015

The results of the study indicated the application of phosphorus upto 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 recorded significantly higher number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, number of total and effective root nodules, test weight, seed and straw yield, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in seed and straw and their uptake, protein content in seed and net return as compared to absolute control and 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 but was at par with 60 kg P2O5 ha-1. Application of different sources of phosphorus led to significant effect on seed yield. PROM (Phosphorus Rich Organic Manure) (8.36) was significantly superior in increasing the seed yield by 17.74 and 12.21 per cent, respectively, as compared to DAP (7.10) and SSP (7.45). However, both DAP and SSP being at par with each other. Application of phosphorus @ 40 (7.98) and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 (8.44) significantly increased the seed yield by 22.95 and 30.04 per cent, respectively as compared to 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 (6.49). However, both 40 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 were at par with each other in increasing seed yield. The highest net return (Rs. 14865) was obtained with application of 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 over absolute control and 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 and phosphorus fertilization with PROMfetched the highest net return (Rs. 14736 ha-1) which was significantly higher over DAP and SSP.
Estimation of combining ability and heterosis for quantitative traits in maize (Zea mays L.) using diallel approach
Authors: Lahane G.R. , Patel*1 J.M. , Chauhan R.M.
Published: December 2015

Twenty eight hybrids obtained by crossing eight lines along with hybrid check were evaluated to study the hybrid vigor and combining ability in maize crop season rabi 2012-13 at Maize Research Station,Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Bhiloda. The magnitude of heterosis was varied from character to character. The standard heterosis for number of ears per plant was registered for the hybrid I-07-11-3-3 × I-07-59-5 (28.57%). Low values of heterosis were observed for days to tasseling, days to silking and days to brown husk formation, while moderate values of heterosis were recorded for the other yield attributing traits. Maximum heterosis for ear eight was manifested by hybrid I-07-59-5(21.25%) followed by cross combinations I-07-11-3-3 x _07-65-18-3(21.16%) and I-07-6-4-4 x I -07-59-5(18.39). Parents P1, P4, P5 and P7 showed GCA in desirable direction for flowering and maturity traits. For yield and yield attributing traits the parents P2, P4, P5 and P7 reflected positive and significant general combining effects for most of the traits under investigation. None of the hybrid found as good specific combiner for all the traits but cross combination I-07-9-3-1 x I-07-05-13-1 and I-07-11-3-3 x I-07-59-5 was found as good specific combiner for most of the maturity and yield attributing traits.
Effect of foliar spray of water soluble fertilizer at pre flowering stage on yield of pulses
Authors: Das*1 S. K. , Jana2 K.
Published: December 2015

Field experiments were conducted at Pulses and Oilseeds Research Station, Berhampore, Murshidabad, West Bengal during pre kharif, kharif and rabi seasons of 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14 to study the effect of water soluble fertilizer spray on growth and yield of greengram, blackgram, lathyrus, lentil and chickpea. Pulses are mostly grown by the farmers without any fertilizer application, as positive effect of supplying legume plants with supplementary nitrogen was found to have beneficial effect on enhancing growth and increasing seed yield. Five sets of experiments were laid out in a split plot design with three replications viz. two levels of basal fertilizer application (F0 - No basal dose of fertilizer, F1 - Basal dose of fertilizer application @ 20, 40, 40 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1.) as factor A in main plot and seven levels of foliar spray of water soluble fertilizers at pre flowering stage (no spray, 0.5% NPK(19-19-19), 1% NPK(19-19-19) , 2% NPK(19-19-19), 3% NPK(19-19-19), 2% DAP, 2% Urea) as factor B in sub plot. Significantly higher seed yield of pulses were recorded with application of 2% urea spray over basal dose of fertilizer application The lowest seed yield was recorded with no basal fertilizer and spray. Without basal dose of fertilizer application, 3% NPK (19-19-19) spray recorded highest seed yield. Under basal dose of fertilizer application, the results showed a gradual increase in yield with the increase in concentration of NPK (19-19-19) fertilizer spray up to 2%, Among the fertilizer spray treatments irrespective of basal dose of fertilizer application, urea spray was significantly better than all other treatments.
Effect of nitrogen and weed management on weed control efficiency and yield of fodder turnip
Authors: Kumar* Govind , Singh Magan , Kumar Rakesh , Paul Koushik , Soni Pooja Gupta , hauhan Avinash
Published: December 2015

A field experiment was conducted at Forage Research and Management Centre, NDRI, Karnal during rabi season in 2013-14 to study the effect of nitrogen application and weed management on growth and yield of fodder turnip (Brassica compestris var. rapa) with four levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N/ha) and four weed management practices (pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha, hand weeding, isoproturon @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha and weedy check) in split plot design. Among the nitrogen treatments 150 kg nitrogen/ha gave the highest growth, yield and better quality of fodder turnip. Application of pendimethalin @1.0 kg a.i. proved better in terms of growth and yield of turnip. Weed control efficiency was 65% with 150 kg N/ha and 83.23% with pendimethalin 1.0 kg a.i./ha.
Influence of seed pelleting on seed quality improvement in redgram (Cajanus cajan L.)
Authors: Anbarasan* R. , Srimathi P. , Vijayakumar A.
Published: December 2015

Redgram is a protein rich staple food and contains about 22 per cent protein, which is almost three times that of cereals. Pelleting is a presowing physical seed management technique, in which growth promotive substances with protective, nutritive and invigourative function are applied on the seed to enhance the seed-soil relationship. To evaluate the efficacy of herbal powders for seed pelleting, studies were initiated with redgram cv. CO 7 with Carboxy methyl cellulose adhesive @ 200 ml per kilogram of seed and were coated with the herbal powders viz., noni (Morinda citrifolia ), tulasi (Ocimum sanctum) and gallnut (Terminalia chebula) @ 200 g kg-1 of seed. The pelleted seed evaluated for the effect of seed invigouration, nursery emergence and storability along with unpelleted reviled that tulasi leaf powder followed by noni improved the seedling vigour and field emergence. At field pelleted seed has enhanced chlorophyll index highlighting the efficacy of the treatment. The treated seed also stored well upto one month with restoration of all evaluated seed quality characters.
Cytogenetic Responses of Plant Root Meristematic Cells to the Arsenic (III) Contaminated Groundwater in Eastern Parts of Burdwan District, W.B., India
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Abhijit
Published: December 2015

Both geogenic and anthropogenic activities have resulted in arsenic pollution of groundwater especially in the
Eastern region of Burdwan district in West Bengal. Response of Allium cepa L. genetic material to the presence
of potential cytotoxic and genotoxic substances in aquatic environment was used to evaluate the arsenic
contaminated groundwater-induced genotoxicity and hormesis. For in situ monitoring of the cytotoxicity level,
the inhibition of mitosis in root meristematic cells was assayed. To study genotoxicity, micronucleus assay and
DNA purity assay (by A260/280 ratio) were used. Treatment for 4 days of newly developed roots of Allium cepa
L. with water samples with arsenic content 50 μg L-1 exhibited stimulation in mitotic activity whereas samples
with arsenic 1000 μg L-1 showed inhibition of mitotic activity apparently indicating hormesis. Inhibition of
mitosis was compared with the concentration dependent increase in generation of reactive oxygen species
(ROS), cell death, decrease in activity of antioxidative enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase), the
absorbance ratio (A260/280) of DNA, or micronuclei in root cells. These findings indicated that contaminated
groundwater depending on the magnitude of the arsenic concentration, might either be mitogenic or
mitostatic/toxic, which in turn has obvious implications in agriculture and human health.
Fine‐scale environmental specialization of reef‐building corals might be limiting reef recovery in the Florida Keys
Authors: Kenkel Carly D. , Almanza Albert T. , Matz Mikhail V.
Published: December 2015

Despite decades of monitoring global reef decline, we are still largely unable to explain patterns of reef deterioration at local scales, which precludes the development of effective management strategies. Offshore reefs of the Florida Keys, USA, experience milder temperatures and lower nutrient loads in comparison to inshore reefs yet remain considerably more degraded than nearshore patch reefs. A year‐long reciprocal transplant experiment of the mustard hill coral (Porites astreoides) involving four source and eight transplant locations reveals that corals adapt and/or acclimatize to their local habitat on a <10‐km scale. Surprisingly, transplantation to putatively similar environmental types (e.g., offshore corals moved to a novel offshore site, or along‐shore transplantation) resulted in greater reductions in fitness proxies, such as coral growth, than cross‐channel transplantation between inshore and offshore reefs. The only abiotic factor showing significantly greater differences between along‐shore sites was daily temperature range extremes (rather than the absolute high or low temperatures reached), providing a possible explanation for this pattern. Offshore‐origin corals exhibited significant growth reductions at sites with greater daily temperature ranges, which explained up to 39% of the variation in their mass gain. In contrast, daily temperature range explained at most 9% of growth variation in inshore‐origin corals, suggesting that inshore corals are more tolerant of high‐frequency temperature fluctuations. Finally, corals incur trade‐offs when specializing to their native reef. Across reef locations the coefficient of selection against coral transplants was 0.07 ± 0.02 (mean ± SE). This selection against immigrants could hinder the ability of corals to recolonize devastated reefs, whether through assisted migration efforts or natural recruitment events, providing a unifying explanation for observed patterns of coral decline in this reef system.
The Omitted Variable In Accounting Education Research: The Non-Traditional Student
Authors: Mohrweis Lawrence C.
Published: December 2015

Few studies have examined the empirical question of whether nontraditional students are different than traditional students in learning performance.  This study explores this issue.  Specifically, is there a performance difference between traditional and nontraditional students in the first course in accounting?  The model regressed students’ performance (dependent variable) as a function of age (independent variable) along with three controlling attributes: grade point average, gender, and the frequency of class meeting times. The results indicate that nontraditional students performed better than traditional students.  This finding has important implications for business education researchers.  Educators often engage in quasi-experimental research studies where conclusions are drawn regarding the learning performance of “treatment” versus “control” groups.  Researchers should control for the nontraditional variable in their work.
The Use Of Social Networking Websites As A Recruiting Tool For Employers
Authors: Vicknair Jamie , Elkersh Dalia , Yancey Katie , Budden Michael C.
Published: December 2015

The use of online social networking is a commonplace occurrence.  A recent trend is for employers and recruiters to utilize social networking sites to screen candidates as part of the hiring process.  This study examines student attitudes and awareness of these practices.
RAZLIKE U DIMENZIJAMA AGRESIVNOSTI IZMEĐU NASILNIH I NENASILNIH PRESTUPNIKA I PRIPADNIKA OPŠTE POPULACIJE
Authors: Otašević Biljana , Jovanov Milana , Oljača Milan
Published: December 2015

U kriminologiji postoji suštinska debata između dve suprotstavljenje kriminološke teorije – generalne, prema kojoj se klasifikacija prestupnika po kriterijumu tipa prestupa koji su počinili, smatra irelevantnom i specifične, odnosno tipološke teorije, prema kojoj postoji posebna grupa prestupnika koji imaju jedinstvenu i specifičnu tendenciju ka favorizovanju nasilnih u odnosu na druge oblike kriminalnog ponašanja. Pretpostavlja se da je agresivnost jedan od potencijalnih faktora koji doprinose specijalizaciji prestupnika za nasilna dela. Osnovni cilj ovog istraživanja jeste utvrđivanje razlika u domenu agresivnosti između tri grupe ispitanika: grupe pripadnika nezatvorske populacije koji nikada nisu bili osuđivani (n = 201), grupe počinilaca nasilnih krivičnih dela (n = 42) i grupe počinilaca nenasilnih krivičnih dela (n = 41). Agresivnost je ispitivana preko Upitnika agresivnosti BODH kojim se mere dimenzije Bes, Osvetoljubivost, Dominacija i Hostilnost. Rezultati pokazuju da počinioci nasilnih krivičnih dela ostvaruju značajno više skorove na Osvetoljubivosti, Dominaciji i Hostilnosti u odnosu na preostale ispitivane grupe ispitanika, dok razlike na Besu nisu značajne. Razlike između pripadnika nezatvorske populacije i nenasilnih prestupnika nisu se ispoljile u odnosu na dimenzije BODH. Rezultati govore u prilog tipološkoj kriminološkoj teoriji, potvrđujući agresivnost kao važan faktor specijalizovanja za nasilne prestupe. U radu su razmotrene praktične i teorijske implikacije ovih nalaza.
A experiência do coma e seus aspectos psicológicos no confronto com a morte
Authors: Barbosa Irella Borges dos Santos , Fontes Nice Corrêa Machado Corrêa Machado
Published: December 2015

  Por meio de um estudo exploratório realizado com dois sujeitos do sexo feminino que pas­saram pela experiência do coma, este artigo propõe analisar, através de um olhar psicológico, as per­cepções e sentimentos envolvidos nessa vivência de forma individualizada, procurando refletir sobre as possíveis transformações no modo de ser e viver dos indivíduos após um confronto eminente com a morte. Diante dos resultados, objetiva-se contribuir para a discussão sobre o tema ao mesmo tempo em que se busca ampliar a consciência sobre o coma e a morte.
A linguagem mística de Gregório de Nissa: a inabitação trinitária em perspectiva kenótica hoje
Authors: Silva Maria Freire da
Published: December 2015

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar alguns elementos da linguagem mística de Gregório de Nissa e, ao mesmo tempo, mostrar a relevância de sua mística para o homem atual, identificando aspectos que podem ser referenciais na busca do transcendente, tão presente no modo comportamental do homem de hoje. Essa compreensãose articula a uma perspectiva kenótica pela qual se deve passar para o encontro com o divino que,sendo imanente, permanece transcendente.
Mixed micelles-mediated dephenolisation of table olive processing's wastewaters
Authors: Raiti Jihane , Hafidi Abdellatif
Published: December 2015

Olive processing wastewaters account for highly pollutant agro-industrial effluents. Their phenolic compounds are responsible for their toxicity. Those natural compounds have to be degraded or recovered before any discharge into the environment. This investigation deals with the extraction and concentration of the phenolic compounds into an aqueous phase using a mixture of nonionic/anionic surfactants. A synergistic effect for the extraction of the natural phenolic compounds was observed when Genapol X-80 was combined with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). For the tested Genapol X-80 concentration (1–5%), a minimum concentration of 2.5 mM SDS was demonstrated to be necessary to reach maximum extraction rates. The extraction efficiencies were only slightly affected by temperatures between 20 and 50 °C. However, the recovery rate of the phenolic compounds increased with the augmentation of the contact time. The pH has also been found to greatly influence the extraction of the phenolic compounds and the coacervate volume fraction. At optimal conditions, the coacervate phase was enriched up to four times whereas the maximum reduction of the phenolic content in the diluted phase reached more than 40% in one step extraction.
Efficient visible-light photocatalytic degradation of sulfadiazine sodium with hierarchical Bi7O9I3 under solar irradiation
Authors: Xu MengMeng , Zhao YaLei , Yan QiShe
Published: December 2015

Bi7O9I3, a kind of visible-light-responsive photocatalyst, with hierarchical micro/nano-architecture was successfully synthesized by oil-bath heating method, with ethylene glycol as solvent, and applied to degrade sulfonamide antibiotics. The as-prepared product was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-visible diffuse reflection spectra and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD and XPS tests confirmed that the product was indeed Bi7O9I3. The result of SEM observation shows that the as-synthesized Bi7O9I3 consists of a large number of micro-sheets with parallel rectangle structure. The optical test exhibited strong photoabsorption in visible light irradiation, with 617 nm of absorption edges. Moreover, the difference in the photocatalytic efficiency of as-prepared Bi7O9I3 at different seasons of a whole year was investigated in this study. The chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency and concentration of NO3− and SO42– of solution after reaction were also researched to confirm whether degradation of the pollutant was complete; the results indicated a high mineralization capacity of Bi7O9I3. The as-synthesized Bi7O9I3 exhibits an excellent oxidizing capacity of sulfadiazine sodium and favorable stability during the photocatalytic reaction.
Nitrogen removal using an anammox membrane bioreactor at low temperature
Authors: Awata Takanori , Goto Yumiko , Kindaichi Tomonori , Ozaki Noriatsu , Ohashi Akiyoshi
Published: December 2015

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have the ability to completely retain biomass and are thus suitable for slowly growing anammox bacteria. In the present study, an anammox MBR was operated to investigate whether the anammox activity would remain stable at low temperature, without anammox biomass washout. The maximum nitrogen removal rates were 6.7 and 1.1 g-N L−1 day−1 at 35 °C and 15 °C, respectively. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic analysis revealed no change in the predominant anammox species with temperature because of the complete retention of anammox biomass in the MBR. These results indicate that the predominant anammox bacteria in the MBR cannot adapt to a low temperature during short-term operation. Conversely, anammox activity recovered rapidly after restoring the temperature from the lower value to the optimal temperature (35 °C). The rapid recovery of anammox activity is a distinct advantage of using an MBR anammox reactor.
Aluminosilicate-based adsorbent in equimolar and non-equimolar binary-component heavy metal removal systems
Authors: Xu Meng , Hadi Pejman , Ning Chao , Barford John , An Kyoung Jin , McKay Gordon
Published: December 2015

Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are toxic heavy metals commonly used in various industries. The simultaneous presence of these metals in wastewater amplifies the toxicity of wastewater and the complexity of the treatment process. This study has investigated the selective behavior of an aluminosilicate-based mesoporous adsorbent. It has been demonstrated that when equimolar quantities of the metals are present in wastewater, the adsorbent uptakes the Pb2+ ions selectively. This has been attributed to the higher electronegativity value of Pb2+ compared to Cd2+ which can be more readily adsorbed on the adsorbent surface, displacing the Cd2+ ions. The selectivity can be advantageous when the objective is the separation and reuse of the metals besides wastewater treatment. In non-equimolar solutions, a complete selectivity can be observed up to a threshold Pb2+ molar ratio of 30%. Below this threshold value, the Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions are uptaken simultaneously due to the abundance of Cd2+ ions and the availability of adsorption sites at very low Pb2+ molar ratios. Moreover, the total adsorption capacities of the adsorbent for the multi-component system have been shown to be in the same range as the single-component system for each metal ion which can be of high value for industrial applications.
Effects of physical and morphometric factors on nutrient removal properties in agricultural ponds
Authors: Saito M. , Onodera S. , Okubo K. , Takagi S. , Maruyama Y. , Jin G. , Shimizu Y.
Published: December 2015

Effects of physical and morphometric factors on nutrient removal properties were studied in small agricultural ponds with different depths, volumes, and residence times in western Japan. Average residence time was estimated to be >15 days, and it tended to decrease from summer to winter because of the increase in water withdrawal for agricultural activity. Water temperature was clearly different between the surface and bottom layers; this indicates that thermal stratification occurred in summer. Chlorophyll-a was significantly high (>20 μg/L) in the surface layer (<0.5 m) and influenced by the thermal stratification. Removal ratios of dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) and dissolved total phosphorus in the ponds were estimated to be 53–98% and 39–98% in August and 10–92% and 36–57% in December, respectively. Residence time of the ponds was longer in August than in December, and DTN removal, in particular, was more significant in ponds with longer residence time. Our results suggest residence time is an important factor for nitrogen removal in small agricultural ponds as well as large lakes.
Greywater reuse through a bioretention system prototype in the arid region
Authors: Chowdhury Rezaul K.
Published: December 2015

The concept of a greywater-fed bioretention system in arid regions was investigated in this study. Bioretention systems are conventionally used as a source control mechanism for urban runoff. Nevertheless, in arid regions, where rain and urban runoff are not an abundant water resource, their application is limited. Greywater (residential wastewater without toilet and kitchen sources) is comparatively less polluted and has the potential for reuse in irrigation and non-potable water uses. However, selection of an appropriate treatment is a challenge. A prototype bioretention system was made and its ability to improve greywater quality was monitored for more than 10 consecutive days. A vegetative and non-vegetative system were monitored separately. After 24 hours of retention in both systems, greywater quality was improved significantly. Both systems performed almost equally well; however, the vegetative system (with canary reed grass, Phalaris arundinacea) was found to be more effective in reducing the sodium and chemical oxygen demand contents. The study revealed that the concept of the greywater-fed bioretention system has the potential to add multi-functional benefits (greywater treatment, water conservation, landscape aesthetic and biodiversity) to the arid regions’ urban environment.
Using design methods to provide the care that people want and need
Authors: Erwin Kim , Krishnan Jerry A
Published: December 2015

Kim Erwin is an Assistant Professor at IIT Institute of Design and trained in user-centered design methods, which put people at the center of any problem space so as to develop solutions that better fit their everyday lives, activities and context. Her expertise is in making complex information easier to understand and use. Her research targets communication tools and methods for collaborative knowledge construction built through shared experiences. Her book, Communicating the New: Methods to shape and accelerate innovation focuses on helping teams explore, build and diffuse critical knowledge inside organizations.

Jerry Krishnan is a Professor of Medicine and Public Health, and Associate Vice President for Population Health Sciences at the University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System. He pioneered the use of Analytic Hierarchy Process to elicit the expressed needs of stakeholders for research. He previously served as Chair of the US FDA Pulmonary and Allergy Drugs Advisory Committee and is a Principal Investigator in NIH and Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI)-funded research consortia. He chairs the US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Clinical Trials review committee and the PCORI Improving Healthcare Systems merit review panel.
The Role of Energy, Nutrients, Foods, and Dietary Patterns in the Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies
Authors: Schoenaker Danielle A.J.M. , Mishra Gita D. , Callaway Leonie K. , Soedamah-Muthu Sabita S.
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVE

Diet may influence the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but inconsistent findings have been reported. The purpose of this study was to synthesize evidence from observational studies on the associations between dietary factors and GDM.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Medline and Embase were searched for articles published until January 2015. We included observational studies of reproductive-aged women that reported on associations of maternal dietary intake before or during pregnancy, including energy, nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns, with GDM. All relevant results were extracted from each article. The number of comparable studies that adjusted for confounders was insufficient to perform a meta-analysis.

RESULTS

The systematic review included 34 articles comprising 21 individual studies (10 prospective cohort, 6 cross-sectional, and 5 case-control). A limited number of prospective cohort studies adjusting for confounders indicated associations with a higher risk of GDM for replacing 1–5% of energy from carbohydrates with fat and for high consumption of cholesterol (≥300 mg/day), heme iron (≥1.1 mg/day), red and processed meat (increment of 1 serving/day), and eggs (≥7 per week). A dietary pattern rich in fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and fish and low in red and processed meat, refined grains, and high-fat dairy was found to be beneficial. The current evidence is based on a limited number of studies that are heterogeneous in design, exposure, and outcome measures.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings support current dietary guidelines to limit consumption of foods containing saturated fat and cholesterol, such as processed meat and eggs, as part of an overall balanced diet. Further large prospective studies are warranted.
Influence of dietary replacement of sunflower oil with milk thistle (Silybum marianum) oil on chicken meat quality and antioxidant status of liver
Authors: Kralik Gordana , Kralik Zlata , Straková Eva , Šperanda Marcela , Kralik Igor , Strelec Ivica
Published: December 2015

The research focused on the effects of dietary replacement of 3% sunflower oil (SO group) with 3% milk thistle oil (MTO group) on the technological quality of meat, such as pH value, colour (CIE L*, CIE a*, CIE b*), drip loss (%), shear force (N), and cooking loss (%), as well as on the content of fatty acid lipids in broiler breast and thigh muscles. Significant difference (P< 0.05) was determined for pHi, pHu, CIE a*, CIE b* values between groups, although the values for the stated indicators were within the standard range. Lipids of breast meat of the MTO group contained more arachidic acid (P< 0.001), octadecenoic acid isomer B (P= 0.047) and eicosatrienoic acid (P= 0.041), and less α-linolenic acid (P< 0.001) and Σn-3PUFA. Lipids of thigh meat of the MTO group contained more ΣSFA, myristoleic acid, eicosatrienoic acid (P< 0.05) and eicosenoic acid (P< 0.001), and less α-linolenic acid, and had narrower Σn-3/n-6 PUFA ratio than the SO group. According to the antioxidant status of broiler liver, there was significantly higher catalase activity determined in the MTO group.
The effect of the freezing curve type on bull spermatozoa motility after thawing
Authors: Doležalová Martina , Stádník Luděk , Biniová Zuzana , Ducháček Jaromír , Beran Jan
Published: December 2015

The objective of this work was to determine the effect of selected freezing curves on spermatozoa survivability after thawing, defined by its motility. The ejaculates of nine selected sires of the same age, breed, and frequency of collecting, bred under the same breeding conditions including handling, stabling, feeding system and feeding ratio composition, were repeatedly collected and evaluated. Sperm samples of each sire were diluted using only one extender and divided into four parts. Selected four freezing curves – the standard, commercially recommended three-phase curve; a two-phase curve; a slow three-phase curve; and a fast three-phase curve, differing in the course of temperature vs time, were applied. The percentage rate of progressive motile spermatozoa above head was determined immediately after thawing, and after 30, 60, 90, and 120 min of the thermodynamic test (TDT). Moreover, average spermatozoa motility (AMOT) and spermatozoa motility decrease (MODE) throughout the entire TDT were evaluated. Insemination doses frozen using the simpler two-phase curve demonstrated the highest motility values (+2.97% to +10.37%;P< 0.05–0.01) immediately after thawing and during the entire TDT. Concurrently, the highest AMOT (+4.37% to +8.82%;P< 0.01) was determined. The highest spermatozoa motility values were detected after thawing doses frozen by the two-phase freezing curve in eight out of nine sires. Simultaneously, a significant effect of sire individuality was clearly confirmed. Inter-sire differences of spermatozoa motility during TDT as well as AMOT and MODE were significant (P< 0.01). The findings describing both factors of interaction indicate the necessity of individual cryopreservation of the ejaculate to increase its fertilization capability after thawing.
New semi-spherical radiofrequency energy device for liver resection: an experimental study in pigs
Authors: Vávra Petr , Škrobánková Martina , Grepl Jan , Crha Michal , Penhaker Marek , Jurčíková Jana , Škorič Miša , Raušer Petr , Ostruszka Petr , Ihnát Peter , Delongová Patricie , Dvořáčková Jana , Procházka Václav , Šalounová Dana , Habib Nagy , Zonča Pavel
Published: December 2015

The aim of this experimental study was to verify a new semi-spherical surgical tool for bipolar radiofrequency liver ablation, which can solve some of the disadvantages of the commonly used device, such as the long duration of ablation. A total of 12 pigs which were randomly divided into two groups were used. Each pig underwent resection of the two liver lobes. In group 1, pigs were treated with the commonly used device; in group 2 the newly developed semi-spherical device was used. During surgery and the post-surgical period, many categories were observed and later analyzed. The blood count and biochemistry were monitored on days 0, 14 and 30 from the operation. On day 14 since the liver resection, pigs underwent diagnostic laparoscopy to evaluate their condition focusing on the site of the liver lobe resection. On day 30 after operation, all pigs were euthanized and subjected to histopathological examination. Histopathological evaluation of thermal changes at the resection margin showed strong thermal alteration in both groups. Data between both groups were compared using median test for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. Statistical analyses were performed with IBM SPSS software version 18.0. Statistical analysis of collected data did not prove any significant (P < 0.05) differences between the commonly used device and the newly designed surgical tool.
Changes in Variability and Flexibility of Individual Travel in Germany
Authors: Streit Tatjana , Allier Charles-Elie , Weiss Christine , Chlond Bastian , Vortisch Peter
Published: December 2015

Are daily life and daily travel behavior in Germany more flexible today than it was 10 to 15 years ago? Against the background of an increasing use of information and communication technologies (ICT) and the question of that impact on daily life, this paper analyzes changes in the variability of travel behavior. The paper examines the data from individual travel diaries of a whole week covering a longitudinal perspective over 15 years. These two dimensions of information allow for more detailed evaluation of variability profiles. The analyses were based on traditional key values of daily travel as well as new customized measures of individual variability in travel behavior in the course of a whole week. The paper investigated the temporal development by sociodemographic group. The results show that travel behavior patterns of young men and woman in Germany are becoming more similar. The young age group drives several trends, including multimodality. However, at the same time, young men are shifting their leisure habits toward more home-located activities; this effect is possibly partly induced by the influence of ICT.
Mode-Switching Behavior with the Provision of Real-Time Multimodal Traveler Information
Authors: Frei Andreas , Gan Hongcheng
Published: December 2015

Travelers' mode choice behavior with the presence of high-quality smartphone-delivered multimodal information (SMMI) has rarely been addressed. This study investigated commuters' en route decisions about switching from automobile to park-and-ride; high-quality SMMI about current level of service was provided. A stated preference survey was conducted in Shanghai, China, and the data from that survey were analyzed through a panel mixed logit model. The model accounted for the variations in individuals' preferences regarding travel time and correlations between repeated choices of the same individual. Modeling results showed that SMMI had significant effects on commuters' mode choice behavior and that the effects depended on gender, age, income, and education. The results revealed a high but plausible value of time (VOT). SMMI was evaluated by the users and compared with their previous experiences. This result was particularly obvious for respondents who were least likely to switch and were experienced drivers, accessed dynamic traffic information regularly, and would have been more likely to switch if an auto delay is nonrecurrent. There was also a strong inertia impact; people who were not familiar with park-and-ride would have been less likely to switch from driving to park-and-ride. Travel time was highly valued for commute trips, as revealed by the high VOT and high percentage of respondents whose major criterion for mode choice is travel time. There was a high willingness to pay for an improved service of rail transit; this willingness was reflected by the significant explanatory variable “comfort level of rail transit.”
Evolution and Usage of the Portal Data Archive
Authors: Tufte Kristin A. , Bertini Robert L. , Harvey Morgan
Published: December 2015

The Portal transportation data archive ( http://portal.its.pdx.edu/ ) was begun in June 2004 in collaboration with the Oregon Department of Transportation, with a single data source: freeway loop detector data. In 10 years, Portal has grown to contain approximately 3 TB of transportation-related data from a wide variety of systems and sources, including freeway data, arterial signal data, travel times from Bluetooth detection systems, transit data, and bicycle count data. Over its 10-year existence, Portal has expanded both in the type of data that it receives and in the geographic regions from which it gets data. This paper discusses the evolution of Portal. The paper describes the new data, new regions, and new systems that have been added and how those changes have affected the archive. The paper concludes with a section on the uses of Portal that provides several examples of how Portal data have been used by regional partners, with a focus on measuring the performance of the multimodal transportation system, but also including educational elements and research.
Maternal Outcome of Prolonged Pregnancy
Authors: Akhter Parul , Sultana Masuda , Hoque Mahbuba , Sultata Sharmin , Khatun Mst Rahima , Dabee Seema Rani
Published: December 2015

The probability of a pregnancy terminating in a full-term, healthy live birth is a powerful indicator of the health status of its women, and of the quality of health care available to them during pregnancy and birth. The present study conducted to find out the maternal outcome of prolonged pregnancy. This study carried out in the department of obstetrics, Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, between the period of February 2003 and December 2003. Patients admitted in labour ward having the history of post dates but not in labour and some were admitted during first stage of labour. Patients who were sure about their Last Menstrual Period (LMP) and those patients who had regular menstrual cycle were included in the study. Total 139 respondents were included in the study. Among them 114 (82.01%) were in the age group of 18 to 29 years and 25 (17.99%) were in the age group of ?30 years. Among the respondents 67 (48.2%) were primi gravida and 72 (51.8%) were multi gravida. Among the respondents 92 (66.2%) were in the 1st stage of labour, 7 (5.0%) were in the 2nd stage of labour and rest 40 (28.8%) were not in labour. Mode of delivery of highest number of respondents was caesarian section (54.0%) followed by normal vaginal delivery (39.7%). Other mode of delivery were ventouse and forceps and they were 07(05.0%) and 2(1.4%) respectively. Out of 75 respondents under gone caesarian section, indication of C/S was fetal distress in 1st stage of labour, prolong 1st stage with maternal distress, failed induction, cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) and breech presentation with big baby were 32.0%, 25.3%, 24.0%, 16.0% and 2.7% respectively. Maternal morbidity like PPH, UTI, puerperal sepsis and wound infection were 10.0%, 14.40%, 3.60% and 5.70% respectively. In postdated pregnancy maternal morbidity is common finding. It also has more operative interference.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 66-70
Prevalence and Predictor of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Authors: Alam Shahinul , Alam Mahabubul , Alam Sheikh Mohammad Noor E , Chowdhury Ziaur Rahman , Kabir Jahangir
Published: December 2015

Fatty liver is a common cause of chronic liver disease in developed as well as developing countries.We have designed this study to estimate the prevalence and predictors for non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We have included 493 patients with sonographic evidence of fatty change in liver and 177 of them had done liver biopsy for histopathological study. Other causes of liver disease and alcohol consumption were excluded. Metabolic syndrome and biochemical and anthropometric evaluation was done. Females were predominating 250 (57.0 %). Centrally obese 422 (96.2 %) was more than over all obesity330 (75.1%). NASH was absent in 10 (5.6%) cases and diagnostic of NASH was 75 Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons Vol. 32, No. 2, April 2014 (42.4 %).Presence of diabetes could significantly (p = 0.001) predicted NASH. Age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, Serum HDL,triglyceride, insulin resistance index, hypertension, metabolic syndrome could not predict NASH. Serum GGT level was significantly (p = 0.05) higher in NASHwith a sensitivity of 45 % and specificity of 68 % only. Serum ALT and AST level could not detect NASH. Females were predominant sufferer of NAFLD in Bangladesh. Prevalence of NASH was much higher42.4%. Diabetes was the main predictor of NASH. GGT was the only biochemical indicator of NASH. We recommend liver biopsy in NAFLD with diabetes and raised GGT.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 71-77
Haematological Changes in Peripheral Blood of HIV  Infected Persons with Correlation to CD4 Cell Count
Authors: Rahman Md Mizanur , Giti Susane , Islam Md Saiful , Rahman Md Mostafizur
Published: December 2015

Objective: Aims at recognizing the haematological abnormalities in peripheral blood associated with HIV infection and to correlate the haematological abnormalities with CD4 cell count to highlight these manifestations with disease progression.Methodology: Observational cross sectional study.Setting: Department of Haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Dhaka cantonment.Patients: Two hundred four (204) HIV  infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy aged from three years to 65 years. There were 132 male and 72 female patients.Results: Anaemia was found in 103 (50.5%) cases. Leucopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in ten (4.9%) and seven (3.4%) cases respectively. Lymphopenia was found in 12 (5.9%) cases. In 50 (24.5%) cases Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) was > 20 mm at the end of 1st hour. Flow cytometric analysis for CD4 cell count showed < 200 cells/cmm in 65 (31.8%) cases, in between 200 cells/cmm and 499 cells/cmm in 117 (57.4%) cases and > 500 cells/cmm in 22 (10.8%) cases.Conclusion: Haematological abnormalities are common in HIV  infected patients and responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in these patients. These abnormalities are more frequent with disease progression. The present study revealed a significant increase in the number of anaemia, leucopenia, lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia with decreasing CD4 cell count.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 130-136
Double Aneuploidy - A Rare Condition : Report of Two Cases
Authors: Habib Saequa , Banu Sultana Gulshana , Islam SM Shahedul , Kawser Choudhury Ali
Published: December 2015

The chance of two chromosome abnormalities occurring in one conceptus is rare. Here we report two cases of double aneuploidy with karyotype 48,XYY,+21 and 48,XXY,+21.The diagnosis was confirmed by cytogenetic analysis using peripheral blood followed by Giemsa banding technique. Clinically both the children had most of the phenotypic features of Trisomy 21. However phenotypic features of XYY were not present but the child with XXY had undescended right testis .The purpose of this communication is to report such rare disorders discovered as the result of the evaluation for Trisomy 21.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 171-173
Letter to the Editor 32(3)
Authors: Saha Tapan Kumar , Hakim HA Nazmul
Published: December 2015

Abstract not availableJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 179-181
Fitness to Fly Testing in Patients with Congenital Heart and Lung Disease
Authors: Spoorenberg Mandy E. , van den Oord Marieke H. A. H. , Meeuwsen Ted , Takken Tim
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND: During commercial air travel passengers are exposed to a low ambient cabin pressure, comparable to altitudes of 5000 to 8000 ft (1524 to 2438 m). In healthy passengers this causes a fall in partial pressure of oxygen, which results in relative hypoxemia, usually without
symptoms. Patients with congenital heart or lung disease may experience more severe hypoxemia during air travel. This systematic review provides an overview of the current literature focusing on whether it is safe for patients with congenital heart or lung disease to fly.METHODS:
The Pubmed database was searched and all studies carried out at an (simulated) altitude of 5000–8000 ft (1524–2438 m) for a short time period (several hours) and related to patients with congenital heart or lung disease were reviewed.RESULTS: Included were 11 studies.
These studies examined patients with cystic fibrosis, neonatal (chronic) lung disease and congenital (a)cyanotic heart disease during a hypoxic challenge test, in a hypobaric chamber, during commercial air travel, or in the mountains. Peripheral/arterial saturation, blood gases, lung function,
and/or the occurrence of symptoms were listed.DISCUSSION: Based on the current literature, it can be concluded that air travel is safe for most patients. However, those at risk of hypoxia can benefit from supplemental in-flight oxygen. Therefore, patients with congenital heart and
lung disease should be evaluated carefully prior to air travel to select the patients at risk for hypoxia using the current studies and guidelines.Spoorenberg ME, van den Oord MHAH, Meeuwsen T, Takken T. Fitnesss to fly testing in patients with congenital heart and lung disease. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016; 87(1):54–60.
Blue Laser Induced Retinal Injury in a Commercial Pilot at 1300 ft
Authors: Gosling Daniel B. , O’Hagan John B. , Quhill Fahd M.
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND: We report what may be the first evidence-based report of a retinal laser injury to a pilot during commercial flight from a laser device on the ground. Given the significant subjective (blind spot) and objective evidence of focal retinal damage, coupled with the distance
involved, we suspect the laser had a radiant power of several watts, known to be injurious to the human retina.CASE REPORT: An airline pilot presented to our department complaining of a blind spot in the upper left area of his visual field in the right eye (right supero-nasal scotoma)
following exposure to a laser beam while performing a landing maneuver of a commercial aircraft. At around 1300 ft (396 m), a blue laser beam from the ground directly entered his right eye, with immediate flash blindness and pain. Spectral domain ocular coherence tomography highlighted a localized
area of photoreceptor disruption corresponding to a well demarcated area of hypofluorescence on fundus autofluorescence, representing a focal outer retinal laser injury. Fundus examination a fortnight later revealed a clinically identifiable lesion in the pilot’s right eye commensurate
with a retinal-laser burn.DISCUSSION: The case reports highlights the growing threat to the ocular health of airline crew and, potentially, passenger safety due to the lack of regulatory oversight of high powered laser devices obtained from the internet. We strongly believe high
powered handheld laser devices should not be in the possession of the general public.Gosling DB, O’Hagan JB, Quhill FM. Blue laser induced retinal injury in a commercial pilot at 1300 ft. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016; 87(1):69–70.
Equivalent Air Altitude and the Alveolar Gas Equation
Authors: Conkin Johnny
Published: December 2015

INTRODUCTION: It is expedient to use normobaric hypoxia (NH) as a surrogate for hypobaric hypoxia (HH) for training and research. The approach matches inspired oxygen partial pressure (PIo2) at the desired altitude to that at site pressure (PB)
by reducing the inspired fraction of oxygen (FIo2) to <0.21 using the equation: PIo2 = (PB – 47) × FIo2, where 47 mmHg is the vapor pressure of water at 37°C. The investigator then has at site pressure
the equivalent PIo2 as at altitude, i.e., the NH exposure is at an “equivalent air altitude.” Some accepted as fact identical signs and symptoms of hypoxia for both conditions. However, those that derived the alveolar air equation showed that the coupled alveolar
oxygen (PAo2) and carbon dioxide partial pressures (PAco2) for NH and HH are not identical when PIo2 is equivalent. They attribute the difference in alveolar gas composition under equivalent PIo2 to a nitrogen
dilution effect or, more generally, to the respiratory exchange effect. Those that use NH as a convenient surrogate for HH must concede that physiological responses to NH cannot be identical to the responses to HH given only equivalent hypoxic PIo2.Conkin J. Equivalent air altitude and the alveolar gas equation. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016; 87(1):61–64.