bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OBJEÇÃO DE CONSCIÊNCIA MÉDICA NA BUSCA POR UM PADRÃO ESTÉTICO UNIVERSAL SOB A ÓTICA ARISTOTÉLICA
Authors: Bufarah Mariana Havir , Da Costa Déborah Lambach Ferreira
Published: July 2023

O progressivo aumento por tratamentos estéticos sem função reparadora, a fim de atingir um padrão estético de beleza universal, e considerando-se a responsabilidade assumida pelo profissional da medicina, ante a assunção de uma obrigação de resultado, traz a necessidade da análise do papel do exercício da objeção de consciência médica, sob a ótica aristotélica do conceito de estética. Nesse contexto, examina-se a relatividade do conceito de beleza e os pontos trazidos por Aristóteles na caracterização do elemento estético, trazendo ao profissional da medicina a possibilidade de objetar um tratamento, com o qual não concorde. Busca-se analisar a possibilidade do exercício de objeção de consciência médica, como um direito e dever do profissional, especificamente no que tange à realização de cirurgias e procedimentos estéticos, de caráter puramente embelezador, sob a ótica aristotélica do conceito de estética. Para tanto, revela-se necessária a pesquisa do cenário jurídico que cerca o referido tema, sob o método de abordagem dedutivo e de procedimento documental, observando-se, como técnica de pesquisa, a coleta e análise de elementos doutrinários, deontológicos e legislativos.
Designing an Android-Based Educational Game for Fruit Recognition in Seruni Pertiwi Preschool
Authors: Dasril  , Rinto Suppa  , Andi Hasjidil
Published: July 2023

The objective of this research is to design and develop an Android-based educational game for fruit recognition in Seruni Pertiwi Preschool. The educational game application consists of a main menu, fruit menu, and tree menu. The fruit menu includes various fruit options such as bananas, papayas, apples, grapes, oranges, pineapples, watermelons, durians, rambutans, and strawberries. The research methodology employed in this thesis includes data and information collection, system design, software requirement analysis, interface design, coding, testing, and implementation. The Unity 3D engine is utilized for designing the educational game application. Based on the conducted testing, the following conclusions can be drawn: the developed educational game is free from errors based on the black-box testing results. The research findings indicate that the average validation score from user feedback, ranging from user 1 to user 10, is 4.6, which indicates a high level of agreement with the system assessment, falling under the category of "strongly agree".
Research Progress on the Relationship Between Periodontitis and Hypertension
Authors: Zheng Haotian , Li Siting , Guan Jing
Published: July 2023

Being common and chronic diseases, periodontitis and hypertension share risk factors such as smoking, drinking, diabetes, etc. Many evidences have shown that there is a certain correlation between periodontitis and hypertension, but the interaction mechanism between them has not been clarified. This article reviews the research progress of the relationship between periodontitis and hypertension from the aspects of the correlation between periodontitis and hypertension, and the related mechanism between periodontitis and hypertension.
Development of Risk-targeted Seismic Hazard Maps for Low-rise and Mid-rise Reinforced Concrete Buildings in the Philippines
Authors: Mallari Royce Argel , Garciano Lessandro Estelito , Peñarubi Henremagne
Published: July 2023

The seismic hazard maps of the Philippines provide spectral acceleration mean values that describe the probability of occurrence of area-specific ground motion hazards due to earthquakes in the country. However other countries have progressed from developing hazard maps to risk-targeted maps that include information on the probability of collapse of buildings. This is the research gap that this study aims to bridge and, thus, developed maps of risk-targeted ground motions (RTGM) for the Philippines using the City of Manila as the area of focus. The maps will be created using the procedure suggested in ASCE 7-16 in obtaining the risk-targeted maximum considered earthquake (MCER). The probabilistic MCER will be created using the information obtained from the seismic hazard and the generic fragility curve that will represent the performance of buildings during a maximum considered earthquake (MCE) event. In this study, the seismic hazards were obtained using the same procedure, decision-making, and empirical formula as the one used in developing the Spectral Acceleration Maps of the Philippines (SAM PH). While the generic fragility curve was described by a function with a lognormal standard deviation, β, of 0.7. With a considered risk level of 1% probability of collapse in 50 yr, the developed RTGM maps are presented in this study. In the analysis of results, the probabilistic MCER is lesser than the MCE level spectral accelerations in the majority of the area in Manila due to the influence of the building’s collapse capacity for stiff soil profiles. The opposite can be seen in softer soil profiles. However, the final MCER values are slightly larger than the MCE values due to the application of the directivity factors.
Maksimalisasi Keuntungan pada Bisnis “Naya Online Shopping” dengan Metode Simpleks
Authors: Nadhofah Sadarisma Diva , El Shinta A. Rama , Nabila Kulsum Zulfa , Kustiawati Dedek
Published: July 2023

Linear programming is one of the most widely used operations research techniques in practice and is known for being easy to understand. The method for completing the linear program in the "Naya Online Shopping" method is the graphical method simplex. The purpose of completing this linear program is to optimize the amount of production in obtaining maximum profit. And the optimal solution is obtained, namely the maximum profit of IDR 1,750,000, with the number of ting-ting bags to be purchased from agents as many as 50 and the number of crown wallets to be purchased from agents as many as 100. From a maximum storage capacity of 150 pieces, it can be maximized by purchasing 50 bags and purchasing 100 wallets. Completion of the linear program with the graphical method of operations research and the simplex method get the same result.
Pengujian Angka Lempeng Total (ALT) Pada Ikan Tongkol (Euthynnus Affinis) Di Stasiun Karantina Ikan Pengendalian Mutu Dan Keamanan Hasil Perikanan Aceh
Authors: Reski Gebrina , Rozi Anhar , Fuadi Afdhal
Published: July 2023

Indonesia is a maritime country with abundant fishery and marine products.  Indonesian fishery products in 2015 reached 14.79 tonnes.  Tuna (Euthynnus affinis) is one of the most important pelagic fish species found in Indo-Pacific waters living in the neritic area.  Its geographical distribution includes the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.  The results of the ALT test on tuna obtained a variety of colony counts.  This research uses a descriptive method.  Descriptive, namely research conducted to determine the value of a characteristic or number, either one characteristic or more without making comparisons, to relate it to other quantities.  Research is conducted with the main objective of making a picture of a situation objectively (actual situation).  Tuna taken from 3 different traders obtained the ALT value of sample A1 which was 2.6 x 104/gr, sample A2 which was 2.4 x 104/gr, and sample A3 which was 4.0 x 103/gr for 48 hours with temperature 350o C.  After testing it can be concluded that the total plate number (ALT) of bacteria found in tuna is in accordance with the SNI 2332.3: 2015 standard concerning tuna ALT, which is 106.
Pengaruh Teknik Pembekuan Ikan Tongkol (Euthynnus affinis) Terhadap Organoleptik di PT. Aceh Lampulo Jaya Bahari
Authors: Muliadi Ifan , Rozi Anhar , Fuadi Afdhal
Published: July 2023

Tuna contains high protein so that it fulfills the nutritional needs of the human body. Tuna is a marine fish that contains omega 3, vitamins, protein and minerals. This study aims to determine the effect of the freezing technique of tuna (Euthynnus affinis) on organoleptic at PT.Aceh Lampulo Jaya Bahari using a temperature of -30oC to -40oC with a freezing time of about 8 - 12 hours. Methods This study used a qualitative method consisting of research on the first with the influence of the technique of freezing tuna (Euthynnus affinis) with a comparison of 3 freezing methods, the second stage carried out an organoleptic analysis (ice layer, dehydration, discoloration, appearance, smell, texture.) on frozen tuna. The results of the value of the ice layer showed that the most preferred value by the analyst was the value of the semi contact plate freezer 7 ± 0.67 and cold storage 7 ± 0.67, the dehydration indicated the value most preferred by the analyst was the value of the semi contact plate freezer 7 ± 0.67 and cold storage 7 ± 0.67. The result of the value of dehydration shows the value most preferred by the analyst is the value of the semi contact plate freezer 7 ± 0.78. The result of the value of the appearance shows the value most preferred by the analyst is the value of air blast freezer 7 ± 0.50. the result of the value of the appearance shows the most preferred value by the analyst is the value of the air blast freezer 7 ± 0.50, the result of the value of the odor shows the most preferred value by the analyst is the value of the semi contact plate freezer 7 ± 0.41 and cold storage 7 ± 0.41, the value of the texture shows the most preferred value by the analyst is the value of air blast freezer 7 ± 0.25, semi contact plate freezer 7 ± 0.25 and cold storage 7 ± 0.25.
Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan Karena Pencurian Asam di Desa Sainiup, Kecamatan Biboki Selatan, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara
Authors: Pakaenoni Ernesto , Manu Nikolas , A. Kian Darius
Published: July 2023

Dalam kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia seringkali terjadinya kasus kejahatan. Salah satunya adalah kasus pembunuhan. Pembunuhan merupakan suatu tindak pidana kejahatan yang dilakukan dengan maksud atau tujuan untuk menghilangkan nyawa seseorang yang dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, baik dengan cara ditembak, ditikam ataupun dipotong secara berulang-ulang. Maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa dua hal. Pertama, faktor penyebab terjadinya tindak pidana pembunuhan karena perebutan pohon asam di Desa Sainiup, Kecamatan Biboki Selatan, Kabupaten Timor tengah Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian lapangan dan dilaksanakan di Pengadilan Negeri Kefamenanu dan Rumah Tahanan Kefamenanu. Selain itu, penulis juga mewawancarai pihak–pihak yang berkaitan langsung dengan masalah yang dibahas, guna mengetahui faktor penyebab terjadinya tindak pidana pembunuhan karena perebutan pohon asam di Desa Sainiup, kecamatan Biboki Selatan, Kabupaten Timor tengah Utara. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini, faktor penyebab terjadinya tindak pidana pembunuhan antara lain: Faktor Internal, yaitu faktor emosional, Faktor Eksternal, meliputi faktor pendidikan, faktor peran korban, dan faktor ekonomi. Pertimbangan hakim terkait tindak pidana pembunuhan meliputi pertimbangan yuridis dan non yuridis.
Los retos de la colaboración público-privada en la implementación de la formación profesional dual. Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Martínez-Izquierdo Luis , Torres Sánchez Mónica
Published: July 2023

Las altas tasas de desempleo estructural en los países d sur europeo, junto a la carencia de profesionales de titulaciones de nivel medio, están generando la puesta en marcha de reformas en sus sistemas de formación profesional (FP). Estas reformas, impulsadas desde la Unión Europea, han utilizado como modelo de referencia el sistema dual centroeuropeo. No obstante, esta transferencia implica procesos de adopción, adaptación y transformación en su implantación, donde se presentan diferentes retos, dificultades y desafíos entre los actores implicados.
Este artículo se basa en una revisión sistemática de la literatura de los retos y dificultades a los que se enfrentan los sectores públicos y privados en la implantación del modelo dual. En la misma se ha seguido el protocolo PRISMA y las propuestas de O’Neill & Booth (2017) para el uso de Nvivo en revisiones sistemáticas. La búsqueda y creación del corpus bibliográfico se realizó a través de WoS-Main Collection, Scopus y ProQuest.
Los resultados sistematizan los retos y dificultades que la literatura académica identifica en lo referente a la colaboración público-privada para el correcto funcionamiento de la FP dual, claves en los procesos de implementación. Estos giran en torno al acceso, la cooperación en red, el desarrollo del currículo, la tensión entre productividad y formación y la respuesta a las recesiones económicas.
La literatura revisada advierte de que cualquier intento de reformar la FP siguiendo el modelo dual centroeuropeo conlleva múltiples desafíos contextuales que dificultan una transferencia directa. El diálogo social emerge como herramienta fundamental para una exitosa implement
Actividad física extraescolar como un nuevo marcador en el aprovechamiento académico en adolescentes de 12-15 años en San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León
Authors: Lozano-Galván Jorge Alberto
Published: July 2023

En los últimos años se ha visto que existe una relación entre la actividad física y la mejora en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes (López De Los Mozos Huertas et al., 2018). Al hablar de rendimiento académico se puede mencionar que es uno de los indicadores de calidad educativa con la que cuentan las instituciones como aval de su metodología académica (Iglesias y López, 2019). El objetivo fue impulsar la actividad física fuera y dentro de la institución como medida para el mejoramiento del rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. El estudio es cohorte transversal, descriptivo y observacional, se utilizó un instrumento diseñado a conveniencia para la recolección de datos en una población adolescente de 144. Resultados: Se pudo observar mejores resultados en los alumnos que tenían actividad física externa a las horas clase en la escuela en contraste a los alumnos que no tuvieron un acondicionamiento físico. Se concluye que tener una actividad física impulsa y mejora los resultados de los alumnos tanto en el aspecto académico como en el aspecto nutricional.
Influence of asset quality, capital adequacy, loan structure and macro-economic variables on financing of mortgage products by commercial banks in Kenya
Authors: Muriithi Robert , Oketch Timothy , Maina William
Published: July 2023

The study sought to determine the influence of asset quality, capital adequacy, loan structure and macro-economic variables on Financing of mortgage products by commercial banks in Kenya. The study used a descriptive research design targeting 196 bank managers including, relationship managers, head of mortgage/retail sales, head of documentation, credit manager, head ofdocumentation, head of finance, and finally head of legal. Data collected was coded and cleaned before undertaking necessary analysis that comprised descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics was done by means of frequency tables, mean, standard deviations, charts and figures, while inferential statistics included ANOVA, regression and correlation analysis. The results show that asset quality, capital adequacy, loan structure, macroeconomic variables jointly influence 81.5% of the mortgage financing. Further they were positively and statistically significant in predicting the variation in mortgage financing (F (4, 147) = 161.65, p<.000). The study recommends that banks should consider their credit portfolio in making decisions on financing mortgage products. More so, banks should favour adjustable-rate mortgages as opposed to fixed-rate mortgages and that banks should not charge high loan fee for mortgage products. Finally, it is recommended that banks should support the government housing finance systems by offering various mortgage loan flexibilities to developers of affordable housing products and that it should formulate policy and procedure on mortgages that can support commercial banks in financing mortgage products.
Influence of macroeconomic variables on financing of mortgage products by commercial banks in Kenya
Authors: Maina William , Omboi Bernard
Published: July 2023

Various macroeconomic variables including gross domestic product (GDP), interest rate, inflation,money supply, and exchange rate, among others, have implication on financing of mortgage byfinancial institutions including Banks. In this paper, these variables are incorporated so as to analyze the influence of macroeconomic variables on mortgage financing by commercial banks. This studysought to determine the influence of macroeconomic variables on the financing of mortgage marketproducts among commercial bank in Kenya. The study surveyed 196 head of documentation, creditoperations, credit manager, legal, finance, relationship manager and head of retail sales from 28commercial banks that offer mortgage products. Data was collected by the use of structuredquestionnaire. Findings on the effect of macroeconomic variables on the level of mortgage productsfinancing showed that that there is a statistically significant correlation between financing of mortgageproducts and macroeconomic variables (r=.731, p<.0.000). In addition, results showed thatmacroeconomic variables explain the variations of 53.5% of the mortgage financing. Based on theresults, this paper concludes that macro-economic variables in terms of general price levels, grossdomestic product, exchange rate and interest rate have a statistically significant influence on financingof mortgage products. Results are also conclusive that the additional costs on property price discouragebuyers in acquiring property. The exchange rate applied at any given time affects financing ofmortgages. This study recommends that commercial banks should develop a system that constantlymonitors the macroeconomic environment to determine if the conditions are favorable for mortgageprovision. The system should be developed to monitor macroeconomic indicators such as income level,inflation, interest levels, and exchange rates. Importantly, commercial banks should set favorable downpayment, that clients can afford to payment at once and clear the balance in installments.
Fundamentos de economía
Authors: Nieto Potes Mauricio
Published: July 2023

Este libro constituye una síntesis de la evolución del pensamiento económico desde sus orígenes hasta los planteamientos más recientes, incluyendo los de destacados autores y galardonados con el premio Nobel de Economía. La obra inicia con los fundamentos de la economía y su evolución a través del tiempo, deteniéndose en autores de las escuelas mercantilista, fisiócrata, clásica, marxista, neoclásica, keynesiana y postkeynesiana. Avanza en el estudio del funcionamiento actual (siglo XXI) de las economías y de fenómenos como la financiarización y los desequilibrios que esta produce en las instituciones y los mercados. A diferencia de tradicionales manuales de fundamentos, realiza una mirada crítica sobre la vigencia y la pertinencia de las teorías, contrastándolas con las actuales estadísticas del mundo, Estados Unidos, Latinoamérica y Colombia. El libro se elaboró pensando en lectores, economistas o no, que necesitan entender los fundamentos de esta disciplina tan importante, pero que se ha convertido en un difícil ejercicio matemático cuando en realidad es una temática perfectamente comprensible por un amplio público. Los docentes de economía la encontrarán útil para la formación de un pensamiento crítico en economía.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi dengan Cakupan Imunisasi Bacillus Calmette Guerin (Bcg) di Puskesmas Ciwandan Dinas Kesehatan Cilegon Tahun 2018
Authors: Fathiyati Fathiyati
Published: July 2023

Tuberculosis has become the world's health problems. Bacillus calmette guerin immunization is effective for preventing tuberculosis disease. Percentage of immunization for Bacillus calmette guerin was 60.3 percent. Immunization Program goal is the achievement of health center Ciwandan maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination (incidence below 1 per 1,000 live births in 1 year) and the achievement of Universal Child Imunization target the full immunization coverage of at least 90% uniformly in infants in 100% of the villages / wards. There are immunizations that have not reached the target of 100% as BCG 87.5%. The purpose of this study is known factors related to the Bacillus calmette guerin immunization (BCG) at the health center Ciwandan Cilegon City Health Department in 2018, covering education, knowledge, age, parity and availability of health services. Research conducted by the method of analytical research with cross sectional approach. Population and in this study were all mothers with infants aged 0-30 days in Citangkil health center in 2018, amounting to 114 mothers. Data collection using questionnaires. Analysis of univariate and bivariate data. The study found that factors related to immunization Bacillus calmette guerin immunization is knowledge, age, and maternal parity.

 

Penyakit tuberkulosis telah menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia. Imunisasi Bacillus Calmette Guine cukup efektif untuk mencegah penyakit tuberkulosis . Persentase imunisasi untuk BCG adalah 60.3 persen. Tujuan Program Imunisasi Puskesmas Ciwandan yaitu tercapainya eliminasi tetanus maternal dan neonatal (insiden dibawah 1 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup dalam 1 tahun) dan tercapainya target Universal Child Imunization yaitu cakupan imunisasi lengkap minimal 90% secara merata pada bayi di 100% desa/kelurahan. Masih terdapat imunisasi yang belum mencapai target 100% yaitu seperti BCG 95,3%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dalam pemberian imunisasi BCG di Puskesmas Ciwandan Dinas Kesehatan Kota Cilegon tahun 2018, meliputi pendidikan, pengetahuan, usia, paritas dan ketersediaan pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dan dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu dengan bayi usia 0 – 30 hari di Puskesmas Ciwandan pada tahun 2018 yang berjumlah 114 ibu. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data secara univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemberian imunisasi BCG adalah pengetahuan, usia, dan paritas ibu.
Training Humans to Detect Children's Lies Through Their Facial Expressions
Authors: O'Connor Alison M. , Gongola Jennifer , Bruer Kaila C. , Lyon Thomas D. , Evans Angela D.
Published: January 2025

The accurate detection of children's truthful and dishonest reports is essential as children can serve as important providers of information. Research using automated facial coding and machine learning found that children who were asked to lie about an event were more likely to look surprised when hearing the first question during an interview about said event. The present studies explored if humans can be trained to look for surprised expressions to detect children's deception. Participants made lie‐detection judgments after seeing children's expressions in very brief clips. In Study 1, we compared performance across a training condition and control condition, and in Study 2 we modified the training. With training, adults could detect children's lies at above‐chance levels by viewing their facial expressions. Detection accuracy was further improved with modified training (Study 2), but participants held a consistent lie bias. Challenges with using facial expressions to detect deceit are discussed.
Solidification Mode Shifting and Resultant Composite Microstructure Evolution during High Build Rate Laser Directed Energy Deposition of SS 316L
Authors: Glady John Bain , Devaraj Samuel Raj
Published: January 2025

Laser‐directed energy deposition (L‐DED) using high laser power and high layer thickness can help metal additive manufacturing to achieve mass customization. The effect of varying high build rate parameters on surface topography, microstructural evolution, and mechanical properties of SS 316L alloy is investigated by varying laser power (1.5–2.1 kW), scan strategy (0°, horizontal and 90°, vertical), and layer thickness (0.6–1.1 mm) for two different part geometries (square and rectangular). The surface topography analysis reveals the presence of unmelted particles, crests, and troughs necessitating postprocessing. Interestingly, at this high build rate, each part geometry resulted in a unique microstructure for different samples–fully austenitic columnar‐equiaxed (square), fully ferrite (horizontal), and composite ferritic and columnar‐equiaxed austenitic microstructure (vertical), which are influenced by the solidification mode AF, FA, and AF + FA modes respectively, and varying thermal gradient. The composite microstructure due to shifting in solidification mode from AF in the initial layers to FA mode in the final layers of the build is reported for the first time in L‐DED SS 316L. Despite the anisotropy in microstructure, the micro‐hardness and yield strength of the L‐DED SS 316L samples were higher than the wrought sample due to finer grains and ferrite segregation in the microstructure.
Mechanical Stimulus and Metabolic Responses by Cryo‐Printing Anisotropic Scaffolds for Achieving Promoted Bone Regeneration
Authors: Zhu Yuemeng , Li Yangyang , Yang Yixin , Lv Huixin , Ren Sicong , Zhang Yidi , Zhou Yanmin
Published: January 2025

3D scaffolds are essential as they serve as extracellular matrix (ECM)‐like platforms to provide cells with mechanical support and facilitate their attachment for bone regeneration. As an emerging personalized treatment technology, 3D printing has been applied to treat irregular large‐area bone defects caused by diseases such as tumors and trauma. However, traditional printing methods cannot control the microstructure of the scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE). Meanwhile, commercial materials often cause rejection reactions, limiting the osteogenic effect of 3D‐printed scaffolds. In this investigation, scaffolds with controllable micro‐ordered morphology are prepared through cryogenic 3D printing combined with ice template technology. The surface of the scaffold exhibits an ordered micrometer‐level structure that matches the growth direction of ice crystals, and the porosity of the scaffolds can be adjusted by the content of nano‐hydroxyapatite (HA). The biological studies reveal an increased osteogenesis and angiogenesis of the composite scaffolds. The anisotropic mechanical stimulation signal regulates metabolic patterns, which may be a potential mechanism for anisotropic scaffolds to promote osteogenic differentiation by regulating S1P/S1PR2/YAP metabolic pathway. This study unlocks the potential of this simple method to produce biomimetic anisotropic scaffolds to achieve multiple functions for BTE.
Phosphorus‐Mediated Selenium Dual Atoms for Bifunctional Oxygen Reactions and Long‐Life Low‐Temperature Energy Conversion
Authors: Xia Lingzhi , Zhang Jianhua , Yan Pengfei , Zhou Kai‐Ling , Jin Yuhong , Ke Xiaoxing , Liu Jingbin , Wang Hao
Published: January 2025

Rapid kinetics and stable atom configuration of the catalysts are essential and greatly sought after for bifunctional oxygen reactions and energy conversion devices, but remain unsatisfactory. Herein, the Se dual atoms structure consisting of the periodically arranged Se‐P‐Se configurations within graphitic nitrogen carbon framework (P‐Se dual atoms‐NC) is constructed by P directionally mediated single atoms deposition strategy. The in situ/ex situ experiments combining the theoretical calculations reveal that both the inter‐site distance effect of the adjacent Se atoms in the NC and the Se‐P binding effect endow P‐Se dual atoms‐NC with a stable atom configuration and ultra‐durable lifespan, and the locally polarized electronic micro‐environment built by P 2p‐Se 3d‐C 2p orbital hybridization and the electrons transfer significantly promotes H2O‐O2 coupling, boosts the adsorption/desorption of O‐intermediates and accelerates the electron transport kinetics. Moreover, the adjacent Se atoms with a periodically arranged structure could provide more sites for the absorption and conversion of reactants. Thus, the as‐prepared catalyst exhibits the top‐level bifunctional activity with an ultra‐low potential difference (ΔE) of 0.58 V and delivers the outstandingly low‐temperature specific capacity of 796.41 mAh gZn−1 and the ultra‐durable lifespan over 1000 h for assembled zinc‐air batteries at −40 °C.
Ultra‐Fast Moisture Sensor for Respiratory Cycle Monitoring and Non‐Contact Sensing Applications
Authors: Mandal Suman , Mantilla Harold Mazo , Loganathan Kalaivanan , Faber Hendrik , Sharma Abhinav , Gedda Murali , Yengel Emre , Goswami Dipak Kumar , Heeney Martin , Anthopoulos Thomas D.
Published: January 2025

As human‐machine interface hardware advances, better sensors are required to detect signals from different stimuli. Among numerous technologies, humidity sensors are critical for applications across different sectors, including environmental monitoring, food production, agriculture, and healthcare. Current humidity sensors rely on materials that absorb moisture, which can take some time to equilibrate with the surrounding environment, thus slowing their temporal response and limiting their applications. Here, this challenge is tackled by combining a nanogap electrode (NGE) architecture with chicked egg‐derived albumen as the moisture‐absorbing component. The sensors offer inexpensive manufacturing, high responsivity, ultra‐fast response, and selectivity to humidity within a relative humidity range of 10–70% RH. Specifically, the egg albumen‐based sensor showed negligible response to relevant interfering species and remained specific to water moisture with a room‐temperature responsivity of 1.15 × 104. The nm‐short interelectrode distance (circa 20 nm) of the NGE architecture enables fast temporal response, with rise/fall times of 10/28 ms, respectively, making the devices the fastest humidity sensors reported to date based on a biomaterial. By leveraging these features, non‐contact moisture sensing and real‐time respiratory cycle monitoring suitable for diagnosing chronic diseases such as sleep apnea, asthma, and pulmonary disease are demonstrated.
Ferrites with a Minimized Secondary Electron Yield
Authors: Uren Robin , Hoffman Manuel , Din Amin , Wackerow Stefan , Neupert Holger , Pfeiffer Stephan , Moros Alice , Barnes Michael , Favia Giorgia , Himmerlich Marcel , Abdolvand Amin
Published: January 2025

Ferrites are an essential material in modern industry due to their exceptional magnetic properties and high resistivity. Many applications of ferrites necessitate exposure to high energy electrons, particularly space science and particle accelerators, where charging, multipacting, and electron clouds (ECs) are major issues. ECs are of particular concern around the Ni/Zn soft ferrite kicker magnets as the large hadron collider (LHC) undergoes its high luminosity upgrade. Here, laser engineered surface structures (LESS) are used to reduce the secondary electron yield (SEY) of Ni/Zn ferrites from 2.1 to its experimentally determined minimum of 0.81, eliminating the ferrites ability to contribute to the formation of ECs. This demonstrates the applicability of LESS outside of metals and its broader applicability to reducing the SEY of technical materials.
Nanocapsuled Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Scavenger Combating Chronic Infectious Bone Destruction Diseases
Authors: Tao Siying , Yang Yingming , Wu Chenzhou , Yang Jiaojiao , Wang Ziyou , Zhou Fangjie , Liang Kunneng , Deng Yi , Li Jianshu , Li Jiyao
Published: January 2025

Chronic infectious bone destruction diseases, such as periodontitis, pose a significant global health challenge. Repairing the bone loss caused by these chronic infections remains challenging. In addition to pathogen removal, regulating host immunity is imperative. The retention of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in chronic infectious niches is found to be a barrier to inflammation resolution. However, whether ruining the existing NETs within the local infectious bone lesions can contribute to inflammation resolve and bone repair remains understudied. Herein, a nanocapsuled delivery system that scavenges NETs dual‐responsively to near‐infrared light as a switch and to NETs themselves as a microenvironment sensor is designed. Besides, the photothermal and photodynamic effects endow the nanocapsules with antibacterial properties. Together with the ability to clear NETs, these features facilitate the restoration of the normal host response. The immunocorrective properties and inherent pro‐osteogenic effects finally promote local bone repair. Together, the NET scavenging nanocapsules address the challenge of impaired bone repair in chronic infections due to biased host response caused by excessive NETs. This study provides new concepts and strategies for repairing bone destruction attributable to chronic infections via correcting biased host responses in chronic infectious diseases.
Plastic Deformation of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Single Crystals Caused by Domain Orientation Dynamics
Authors: Vostrov Nikita , Martens Isaac , Colalongo Mattia , Zatterin Edoardo , Ronovsky Michal , Boulineau Adrien , Leake Steven , Zhu Xiaobo , Wang Lianzhou , Richard Marie‐Ingrid , Schulli Tobias
Published: January 2025

The nanoscale mechanisms of ion deintercalation in battery cathode materials remain poorly understood, especially the relationship between crystallographic defects (dislocations, small angle grain boundaries, vacancies, etc), device performance, and durability. In this work, operando scanning X‐ray diffraction microscopy (SXDM) and multi‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (MCXD) are used to investigate microstrain and lattice tilt inhomogeneities inside Li1 − x
Ni0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode particles during electrochemical cycling and their influence on the material degradation. Using these techniques, microscale lattice degradation mechanisms are investigated inside single crystals, extend it to an inter‐particle scale, and correlate it with the long‐term degradation of the cathode. During cycling, a crystal lattice deformation is observed, associated with phase transitions and inherent lattice defects in the measured particle. Residual misorientations are observed in the structure even after full discharge, indicating an irreversible structural change of the lattice. However, after long‐term cycling such lattice misorientations together with active material dissolution are further exacerbated only in a subset of particles, suggesting high heterogeneity of degradation mechanisms between the cathode particles. Selective degradation of particles could be caused by varying crystal quality across the sample, highlighting the need for a deep understanding of defect microstructures to enable a more rational design of materials with enhanced durability.
Fertilizer selection influences soil microbial communities in alluvial and peat soils of the tropics
Authors: Widiastuti Dwi P. , Afkairin Antisar , Stromberger Mary , Gafur Sutarman , Davis Jessica G.
Published: January 2025

Fertilizer choices can alter soil microbial communities. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of urea, chicken manure, and Azolla fertilizers on soil microbial communities in alluvial and peat soils in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Five nitrogen (N) fertilizer treatments were applied to spinach (Amaranthus tricolor) grown on both soil types: control (0 kg N ha−1), urea (23 kg N ha−1), Azolla applied at the same urea‐N rate (Azolla‐U, 23 kg N ha−1), chicken manure (108 kg N ha−1), and Azolla applied at the same manure‐N rate (Azolla‐M, 108 kg N ha−1). Microbial community structure was determined from freeze‐dried soil samples (0–20 cm deep) by the ester‐linked fatty acid methyl ester (EL‐FAME) method and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Treatment effects were dependent upon soil type. In peat soil, fertilizer treatment influenced the abundance of Gram‐positive bacteria, whereas in alluvial soil, fertilizer affected the population of Gram‐negative bacteria. In alluvial soil, Azolla‐M increased EL‐FAMEs for total microbial biomass, Gram‐negative bacteria, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. On the other hand, in the peat soil, Azolla‐M had a significant effect on altering the microbial community structure toward greater fungal biomass, while urea increased the number of Gram‐positive bacteria and actinomycetes. Azolla‐M altered the Gram‐positive:Gram‐negative ratio and reduced the Stress 2 ratio in the peat soil, but the manure and the lower application of Azolla (Azolla‐U) did not. Azolla‐M may diminish stress encountered by the microbial community from unfavorable environmental conditions.
Synthesis of Substituted Furans from β‐Ketoanilides Using Ethylene Glycol as C2‐Precursor
Authors: Maity Sujit , Panda Niranjan
Published: January 2025

A transition‐metal‐free oxidative method to synthesize substituted furans from β‐ketoanilides and vicinal diols was reported. This approach accommodates a wide range of functional groups (e. g., halogens, methoxy, methyl, nitro) and enables the regioselective formation of 2,3‐disubstituted and 2,3,5‐trisubstituted furans via base‐promoted oxidative C−C and C−O bond formation. Additionally, substituted pyrroles were synthesized regioselectively from β‐ketoenamines using ethylene glycol as a C2 precursor.
Flavoenzyme‐inspired Reductive Dehalogenation of α‐Br and α‐Cl Carbonyl Compounds with Riboflavin Tetraacetate as Photocatalyst
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Jin Ge , Zhang Qin , Sun Chaoyue , Han Yun , Dou Changbin , Yuan Zhaoyi , Xia Lingyu , Yun Shu , Chao Mianran , Shen Duyi
Published: January 2025

Reductive dehalogenation represented a straightforward way to the breakage of carbon‐halogen bonds, exerting great significance in organic synthesis and potential in environmental decontamination. Riboflavin, a small molecular, photosensitive, and redox‐responsible coenzyme in both oxidases and reductase, has inspired various biological and biomimetic photocatalytic oxidations but a few biocatalytic reductions. Herein, we described a visible‐light‐induced reduction of C−Br and C−Cl bonds to form C−H bonds using riboflavin tetraacetate (RFT) as a flavoenzyme‐inspired photocatalyst. The halogen atoms of α‐bromo‐ and α‐chloro carbonyl compounds could be smoothly removed at room temperature with triethanolamine as a suitable terminal reductant and a sustainable solvent system consisting of ethanol and water. A series of deuterium isotope labeling experiments indicated that the hydrogen atom sources of the dehalogenated products should be water, reductant, and the hydroxyl group rather than the α‐hydrogen atom of the alcoholic solvent. Other control experiment and UV‐Vis studies suggested the single electron transfer process between the excited photocatalyst and the reductant, the reduced photocatalyst and the C−X bond, respectively. This work further tapped the versatile capacities of riboflavin‐based photocatalysts in chemical reductions more than conventional oxidative reactions.
Plasma N‐terminal tau fragment is an amyloid‐dependent biomarker in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lan Guoyu , Zhang Laihong , Li Anqi , Ran Wenqing , Lv Jieqin , Gonzalez‐Ortiz Fernando , Cai Yue , Sun Pan , Liu Lin , Yang Jie , He Zhengbo , Fang Lili , Zhou Xin , Zhu Yalin , Liu Zhen , Chen Xuhui , Fan Xiang , Shi Dai , Ye Chenghui , Xu Linsen , Wang Qingyong , Blennow Kaj , Cheng Guanxun ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Ran Pengcheng , Wang Lu , Guo Tengfei
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

Novel fluid biomarkers for tracking neurodegeneration specific to Alzheimer's disease (AD) are greatly needed.

METHODS

Using two independent well‐characterized cohorts (n = 881 in total), we investigated the group differences in plasma N‐terminal tau (NT1‐tau) fragments across different AD stages and their association with cross‐sectional and longitudinal amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, tau tangles, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline.

RESULTS

Plasma NT1‐tau significantly increased in symptomatic AD and displayed positive associations with Aβ PET (positron emission tomography) and tau PET. Higher baseline NT1‐tau levels predicted greater tau PET, with 2‐ to 10‐year intervals and faster longitudinal Aβ PET increases, AD‐typical neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline. Plasma NT1‐tau showed negative correlations with baseline regional brain volume and thickness, superior to plasma brain‐derived tau (BD‐tau) and neurofilament light (NfL) in Aβ‐positive participants.

DISCUSSION

This study suggests that plasma NT1‐tau is an Aβ‐dependent biomarker and outperforms BD‐tau and NfL in detecting cross‐sectional neurodegeneration in the AD continuum.

Highlights

Plasma N‐terminal tau (NT1‐tau) was specifically increased in the A+/T+ stage.

Plasma NT1‐tau was positively associated with greater amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau PET (positron emission tomography) accumulations.

Higher plasma NT1‐tau predicted greater tau burden and faster Aβ increases.

Plasma NT1‐tau was more related to neurodegeneration than plasma brain‐derived tau (BD‐tau) and neurofilament light (NfL).
Multi‐Targeting Makrozyklische Peptide als Nanomolare Inhibitoren der Selbst‐ und Kreuznukleation der Amyloiden Selbstassemblierung von α‐Synuclein
Authors: Hornung Simon , Vogl Dominik P. , Naltsas Denise , Volta Beatrice Dalla , Ballmann Markus , Marcon Beatrice , Syed Muhammed Muazzam Kamil , Wu Yiyang , Spanopoulou Anna , Feederle Regina , Heidrich Luzia , Bernhagen Jürgen , Koeglsperger Thomas , Höglinger Günter U. , Rammes Gerhard , Lashuel Hilal A. , Kapurniotu Aphrodite
Published: January 2025

Die amyloide Selbstassemblierung von α‐Synuclein (αSyn) wird mit der Pathogenese der Parkinson‐Krankheit (PD) in Verbindung gebracht. Typ 2 Diabetes (T2D) hat sich kürzlich als Risikofaktor für PD herausgestellt. Kreuzinteraktionen zwischen den amyloidogenen Proteinen der beiden Erkrankungen könnten eine molekulare Verbindung darstellen. Tatsächlich können Fibrillen des Inselamyloid‐Polypeptids (IAPP) bei T2D als Nukleus für die Amyloidbildung von αSyn fungieren. Auch wurde berichtet, dass αSyn und IAPP in Gehirnen von PD‐Patienten co‐lokalisieren. Daher könnte die Hemmung sowohl der selbst‐ als auch der IAPP‐vermittelten Kreuznukleation der αSyn‐Amyloidbildung möglicherweise mit der PD‐Pathogenese interferieren. In dieser Studie zeigen wir, dass makrozyklische Peptide, die IAPP‐Selbst‐ und Kreuzinteraktionsstellen nachahmen und sich zuvor als Inhibitoren der Amyloidogenese des IAPP und/oder des Amyloid‐β‐Peptids Aβ40(42) der Alzheimer‐Krankheit (AD) erwiesen haben, auch nanomolare Inhibitoren der selbst‐ bzw. der IAPP‐nukleierten Amyloidogenese von αSyn sind. Ihre Anti‐Amyloid‐Wirkung wird durch ihre Bindung mit nanomolarer Affinität an drei αSyn‐Regionen vermittelt. Letztere werden als Schlüsselregionen sowohl für die αSyn‐Selbstassemblierung als auch für seine Kreuzwechselwirkungen mit IAPP identifiziert. Darüber hinaus zeigen wir, dass diese Peptide auch die Aβ42‐vermittelte Kreuznukleation der αSyn‐Amyloidogenese hemmen können. Auf der Basis ihres breiten Anti‐Amyloid‐Wirkspektrums und zusätzlicher wirkstoffähnlicher Eigenschaften, stellen diese Peptide Leitstrukturen für multifunktionale Anti‐Amyloid‐Wirkstoffe bei PD, T2D, AD und deren Komorbiditäten dar. Darüber hinaus sind die identifizierten αSyn‐Schlüsselsegmente wertvolle Ziele für neuartige, an mehreren αSyn‐Stellen angreifende Amyloidinhibitoren bei PD und verwandten Synucleinopathien.
Dry‐Solid‐Electrochemical Synthesis: A General Method for Large Scale Synthesis of Single‐Atom Catalysts with High Metal loadings
Authors: Gong Xue , Bao Jinpeng , Wang Xian , Wan Xin , Gu Yaheng , Han Ce , Shui Jianglan , Su Xiaozhi , Ge Junjie , Xing Wei , Song Ping , Xu Weilin
Published: January 2025

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with high metal loadings are highly desirable but still challenging for large scale synthesis. Here we report a new technique named as dry‐solid‐electrochemical synthesis (DSES) for a general large‐scale synthesis of SACs with high metal loadings in an energy‐conservation and environment‐friendly way. With it, a series of pure carbon‐supported metal SACs (Platinum up to 35.0 wt %, Iridium 21.2 wt %, Ruthenium 20.4 wt % and Iron 17.6 wt %) with high metal loadings were obtained. Particularly, a Pt SAC with Pt 23.9 wt % and remarkable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance in fuel cells is synthesized on kilogram scale. Based on multiple control experiments, a unique redox mechanism for DSES process is proposed: metal precursors on conductive supports are reduced to metals via a homolytic cleavage of metal‐halogen bonds by the attacking of electrons flowing through the dry solid phase. Such versatile technique paves a new economical and environment‐friendly pathway for fabricating high‐metal‐loading SACs or atomic dispersion catalysts.
Multi‐Targeting Macrocyclic Peptides as Nanomolar Inhibitors of Self‐ and Cross‐Seeded Amyloid Self‐Assembly of α‐Synuclein
Authors: Hornung Simon , Vogl Dominik P. , Naltsas Denise , Volta Beatrice Dalla , Ballmann Markus , Marcon Beatrice , Syed Muhammed Muazzam Kamil , Wu Yiyang , Spanopoulou Anna , Feederle Regina , Heidrich Luzia , Bernhagen Jürgen , Koeglsperger Thomas , Höglinger Günter U. , Rammes Gerhard , Lashuel Hilal A. , Kapurniotu Aphrodite
Published: January 2025

Amyloid self‐assembly of α‐synuclein (αSyn) is linked to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has recently emerged as a risk factor for PD. Cross‐interactions between their amyloidogenic proteins may act as molecular links. In fact, fibrils of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) (T2D) can cross‐seed αSyn amyloidogenesis and αSyn and IAPP colocalize in PD brains. Inhibition of both self‐ and IAPP‐cross‐seeded αSyn amyloidogenesis could thus interfere with PD pathogenesis. Here we show that macrocyclic peptides, designed to mimic IAPP self‐/cross‐interaction sites and previously found to inhibit amyloidogenesis of IAPP and/or Alzheimer's disease (AD) amyloid‐β peptide Aβ40(42), are nanomolar inhibitors of both self‐ and IAPP‐cross‐seeded amyloid self‐assembly of αSyn. Anti‐amyloid function is mediated by nanomolar affinity interactions with αSyn via three αSyn regions which are identified as key sites of both αSyn self‐assembly and its cross‐interactions with IAPP. We also show that the peptides block Aβ42‐mediated cross‐seeding of αSyn as well. Based on their broad spectrum anti‐amyloid function and additional drug‐like features, these peptides are leads for multifunctional anti‐amyloid drugs in PD, T2D, AD, and their comorbidities, while the identified αSyn key segments are valuable targets for novel, multi‐site targeting amyloid inhibitors in PD and related synucleinopathies.