bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peach, Control of Tarnished Plant Bug, 1979
Authors: Caldwell D. L. , Kearby W. H.
Published: March 2022

Two systemic insecticides, Temik 10G and Vydate L were tested in 1979 for control of the tarnished plant bug at Stark Bro's Nurseries and Orchards in Louisiana, Mo. Control of this pest is necessary during the first year of scion growth because the plant bug feeds on the apical meristem which results in stunted and malformed plants. A test plot was set up in a randomized complete block in 2 locations 15 miles apart. One plot (var. July Elberta) was situated on a sand-silt soil (Beaucoup-Wakeland-Tifus series). The other plot (var. Red Haven) was on a heavier silt-loam (Fatima series). Each treatment and the check were replicated 3 times at each location. Due to different plant densities, the Red Haven plot had 25 plants/replicate, the July Elberta plot had 16 plants/replicate. Treatments were applied during the first year of scion growth. Plants were about 5-6 inches tall at the time of the first treatment and grew 30-40 inches during the test period. Temik 10G was applied on May 15 and was soil incorporated by digging a trench with a spade on both sides of the row, 2-3 inches in depth and 8-12 inches from the base of the plants. Temik plots were watered with 10 gal/replicate on May 22 because of dry weather. Vydate L was applied to run-off with a hand pump sprayer on May 17, June 2, and June 21. Total rainfall during the test period was 4.57 inches. Stunted apical meristems were counted weekly. The percent damaged meristems was transformed by the arcsin ratio and analyzed as a split plot in time. The means generated from this analysis of variance were compared by LSD. The data from the 2 locations were combined to test for differences between location and the first interaction with location. No differences were found for location. Data are listed as percentage of damaged apical meristems.
Potato Leafhopper Control on Snap Beans, 1978
Authors: Avery P. , Lambdin P. L.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. 'Bush blue lake' snapbeans were planted into Holston silt loam soil on May 11. Plots consisted of single row treatments 10 ft long, 40 in. wide with seeds spaced 3-4 in. apart. Three granular insecticides were applied in a 6 in. band and incorporated 2-3 in. into the soil on May 11. Ten foliar insecticides were applied to run off at 30 psi with a “back-pack” CO2 pressure sprayer on Jul 8. Visual counts of leafhoppers were made Jul 11, Jul 15, and Jul 18.
Effect of Soil Systemic Insecticides - Popup Fertilizer Mix on Yield of Lima Beans, 1978
Authors: Chalfant Richard B.
Published: March 2022

Beans were planted and treated May 15. Plots were 2-rows, 400-ft long, 3-ft row width and replicated 4 times in RCB. Soil was a sandy loam. Plots were treated at planting by mixing insecticides with pop up fertilizer (10-34-0, 100 lb/A) in 16 gal water/acre and injected 2 in. below and 2 in. to one side of the seed. When mature, 15 ft of each row was harvested for yield.
Collards, Pest Management, 1978
Authors: Chalfant Richard B. , Russell Charles
Published: March 2022

Collards were transplanted March 17. Plots were 1 row, 50-ft long with 3-ft row width. Experimental design was a RCB with 4 reps. Soil type was a loamy sand and received 7 in rain and 1.75 in irrigation. Plots were sprayed by hand with Dipel (0.5 lb/acre) in 50 gal water/acre at 30 psi. Ten plants/plot were sampled 2x weekly and treated when the experimental threshold level was reached. When mature, 10 small, 10 medium, and 10 large leaves/plot were examined and scored for caterpillar feeding damage.
Collard Insect Control, 1978
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A . , Thompson Michael L.
Published: March 2022

'Vates' collards were transplanted on Aug 28, near Benson, NC. Single-row plots 20-ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with 5-ft alleys between replications. Two maintenance sprays were made using Dipel and Sevin prior to start of test. Spray applications were made on Oct 3, 10, 17, 24, Nov 3, 13, and 20 for a total of 7 applications. A maneb fungicide was applied at all spray dates. All sprays were applied at the rate equivalent to 100 gallons of water per acre using a 2.5-gallon CO2 pressurized hand sprayer operated at 40 psi with a single hollow cone nozzle. Worm and aphid counts were made on three plants per plot on Oct 31 and Nov 29. Plants were harvested and worm damage evaluations were made on both dates. Damage class ratings were: 0 = no damage, 1 = a few holes in wrapper leaves, 2 = a few holes in inner leaves, 3 = badly damaged, no marketable value.
Corn Earworm Control Experiment, 1979
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Mullis C. H.
Published: March 2022

Six spray treatments were applied to sweet corn at the University of Arizona Experiment Station (Valley) beginning Jun 1 (10% silk). Applications were made at 3 and 6-day intervals beginning Jun 1 with a CO2 backpack sprayer dispensing 40 gpa and 40 psi. Plots of 12 ft of row were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Ears were harvested Jun 19. Categories used in evaluation were: 1) clean - no evidence of corn-earworm, 2) tip injury - slight to medium injury to tip up to 2 inches, 3) unmarketable - ears with extensive injury.
Apple Insects, 1979
Authors: Fisher G. T.
Published: March 2022

Pesticides in the insect trials were applied in a IX dilution (lb/100 gal H2O at 250 psi) so that foliage and fruit were treated to the run-off point. All treatments of insecticides were made on a regular apple schedule allowing approximately 14-da interval between cover sprays. Mature Standard 'Delicious', 'Mcintosh' and 'Cortland' trees were randomized and replicated 4 times in a 125-tree block. Application dates were: Apr 26 (half-inch green - fungicide only). May 3 (tight cluster). May 11 (pink), May 15 (full bloom - fungicide only). May 18 (petal fall). Cover sprays were: May 26, Jun 2, 11, 23 (last application of Pydrin rates) Jul 1, 8, 18, Aug 1, and 15. Evaluations were made as final harvest fruit scoring. Disease control was accomplished by use of standard fungicide applications of Capfan, Cyprex and Benomyl. Severe scab conditions and poor fruifset made evaluations difficult, but insect injury was determined by slicing all fruit. Harvest evaluations were made Sep 10 to 17.
Insect Control on Peppers, Delaware, 1979; Sweet Pepper1
Authors: Burbutis Paul P. , Kanour William , Ward Dave
Published: March 2022

Treatments were replicated 4 times, in 3-row, 30 ft long plots in a randomized complete block design. The plants were set out on May 15 in 36 inch rows. Sprays were applied, using a 2-gal, C02-pressurized, stainless steel sprayer at 38 psi in 1 gal water (= 40 gal/acre), to both sides of the 3 rows. All the commercial size, mixed red and green fruit were harvested on Aug 20 and Sep 10 from the middle row of each plot and inspected for worm infestations. One hundred leaves (25/plot) were randomly sampled from the middle row of each plot every 10-14 days for Green peach aphid counts. This test was conducted on a cooperotor's farm in Staytonville, DE. HOT CHERRY PEPPERS: These treatments were replicated 6 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 3-rows wide by 18 ft long and the plants were direct-seeded. Spray applications and sampling for borers were the same as for the sweet peppers. This test was conducted at the University Substation in Georgetown, DE.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control and Potato Yields, 1979
Authors: Margolies D. C. , Ferro D. N.
Published: March 2022

'Superior' potatoes were planted on May 11 at Taylor Farm, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The soil type was a fine sandy loam. Each plot consisted of a single, 10 m row bordered on both sides by an untreated row. Temik was applied directly to the seed furrow at planting with a Gandy applicator (Line Tender Model). The Temik sided re ss was applied in a band 20 cm to one side of the row on Jun 21. Foliar treatments were applied with a 3 gal stainless steel backpack sprayer at 40-50 psi and a delivery of 80 gal/acre. Foliar spray applications were made on Jun 21, 28, Jul 19, 26, and Aug 1. Evaluation of the various insecticidal treatments utilized direct counts of the number of potato beetle larvae/10 hills and foliar injury ratings. Damage was rated on a scale of 0-5 as follows: 0) no damage; 1) occasional chewing, noticeable only on close inspection; 2) clearly visible signs of feeding but less than 50% of leaves damoged; 3) heavy feeding on 50% of leaves; 4) greater than 50% of plant damaged but not completely defoliated; 5) defoliated. Yields were taken on Aug 20.
Irish Potato, Colorado Potato Beetle Control, Carteret County, 1979
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Thompson Michael L.
Published: March 2022

'Pungo' Irish potatoes were planted on Mar 24, near Beaufort, NC. Single row plots 25-ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with 5-ft alleys between replications. Pretreatment counts of Colorado potato beetle were made by examining 3 plants/plot and recording the number of adults, larvae and egg masses. Treatments aimed at the adult populations were applied on Apr 18 followed on Apr 19 by post treatment counts. Two egg masses/plant were also taken to check for ovicidal and residual activity. Plots were sprayed by grower on Apr 27 (Sevin) and Apr 30 (Lannate). Due to poor timing of applications (as indicated by counts on May 2), treatments were again applied on May 9 followed by post treatment counts on May 11. All treatments were applied at the rate equivalent to 100 gallons of water per acre using a 2.5 gallon CO2 pressurized hand sprayer operated at 40 psi and equipped with a hollow cone nozzle. Yields were not taken.
Cabbage Insect Control 1981
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Johnson Eric M.
Published: March 2022

'Market Prize' cabbage was transplanted on Apr 16, near Benson, NC. Single row plots 10 ft long on 48-inch centers were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Seven ft alleys separated blocks. Six applications were made on May 22, 29, Jun 5, 12, 19 and 26. Applications were made using a 2.5 gal, CO2 pressurized, backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle operated at 40 psi at a rate equivalent to 100 gal of water per acre. Ortho X-77 surfactant was added to all treatments. Imported cabbageworm pressure was moderate until Jun 8 when damage ratings were made. Cabbage looper pressure was moderate-heavy for the remainder of the test. Damage ratings for cabbage loopers were made on Jul 8.
Whorl Applications to Control European Corn Borer in Sweet Corn, 1982
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M.
Published: March 2022

‘Aztec’ sweet corn was planted May 13 to a Sassafras sandy loam field. Plots were 4 rows wide on 30-inch centers and 25-ft long. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Granular whorl treatments were applied with a hand shaker in a 7-inch band over the whorl; whorl sprays were applied with a self-propelled, high-clearance sprayer with 1 nozzle centered over each of the middle 2 rows calibrated to deliver 43 gal/acre at 200 psi Treatments were applied on Jun 17 and 24. Plots were harvested on Jul 22 and 20 ears from the middle 2 rows of each plot were examined for corn borer damage as (1) none (clean); (2) up to 1.5-inch tip damage; and (3) more than 1.5-inch tip damage or with side damage. Twenty stalks in each plot were split from tassel to soil surface and each 2.5 cm of stalk damage was recorded as 1 cavity.
Simulated Commercial Insecticidal Trials for Control of Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm on Sweet Corn in Alabama, 1982
Authors: Harper J. D. , Herbert D. A. , Hollingsworth M. H.
Published: March 2022

Sweet corn tests were conducted at the Auburn University North Alabama Horticulture Substation, Cullman, AL on both early- and mid-season plantings of Buttersweet corn. Early-season test plots were 6 rows (44-inch centers) x 50 ft, and mid-season plots were 6 rows (44-inch centers) x 25 ft. All treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Applications were made with a John Blue S 6000 high clearance sprayer operating at 45 psi , delivering 75 gpa through 3 TX26 hollow cone nozzles per row, 1 over-the-top, and 2 on drops at the level of, and directed towards the ears. The early-season test received 9 applications on alternate days beginning at initial silking , Jun 25, through Jul 12. Applications on the mid-season test were initiated on Jul 23 and were made either daily or on alternate days, through Aug 10 (10 or 19 applications). Treatment efficacy was determined through damage ratings and larval counts on 100 ears per plot in the early-season test , and 50 ears per plot in the mid-season test. Ears were shucked, examined for larvae, and rated by the following 1-6 scale: 1 = clean; 2 = slight silk or tip damage; 3 = tip damage of <1.5 inch; 4 = tip damage of >1.5 inch; 5 = side damage; 6 = tip and side damage. Mean damage and larval counts were analyzed using the AN0VA test and compared using Duncan’s multiple range test.
Corn Earworm Control on Sweet Corn, 1981
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Johnson Eric M. , Schillaci Paul A.
Published: March 2022

‘silver Queen’ and ‘Apache’ were planted on Apr 16 and Apr 29, respectively, in single-row plots 10 ft long on 24-inch centers with 7-ft alleys between replications at Mcgee’s Crossroads, NC. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Initial treatments were based on black light trap counts in excess of 5 moths per trap per night and direct field observations of eggs on silking corn. Initial treatment was Jul 1 with 3 subsequent treatments Jul 8 and 14. All applications were directed to the ear zone at the rate equivalent to 100 gal/acre using a 2.5 gal CO2pressurized hand sprayer equipped with a single hollow cone nozzle operated at 40 psi. All mature ears were harvested and divided into damage classes.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Foliar Insecticidal Sprays, 1982.
Authors: Sandvol Larry , Baird Craig
Published: March 2022

Potatoes were planted May 20 in Delco silt loam soil. The experiment consisted of 18 treatments with 4 replications arranged in a randomized complete block design. Individual plots were 4 rows (12 ft) wide and 36 ft long. Treatments were applied Jul 20, using a CO2pressurized Aztec sprayer at 40 psi to apply 20 gal H?0/acre. Beetles were allowed to invade and multiply naturally. Pre- and post treatment counts were taken by recording the nital number of beetles in 36 ft of row.
Foliar Sprays to Control the Colorado Potato Beetle on No-Till Tomatoes, 1982
Authors: Linduska James J.
Published: March 2022

‘UC-134’ tomatoes were direct seeded in single row plots 25 ft long on May 10. A John Deere Model 71 planter equipped with a vegetable hopper with a fluted no-till coulter was used for the planting. Seeding was made in overwintered rye which had been killed with Paraquat (1.0 pt) on Apr 30 and Devrinol (3.0 lb) on Apr 10. Round-Up (1.5 pt) was applied on Apr 15. Each plot was buffered on either side by an untreated guard row. Distance between rows was 6 ft. When plants were 2-3 inches tall they were thinned so as to provide clumps of 3 tomato plants spaced 12 inches apart. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk ‘A’ loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 psi. Treatments were applied Jun 10, 18, 30 and Aug 5. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle larvae/10 ft of row and the % defoliation were recorded. Yields were taken on Aug 25.
Foliar Sprays to Control the Tomato Fruitworm on No-Till Tomatoes, 1982
Authors: Linduska James J.
Published: March 2022

‘UC-134-1-2’ tomatoes were direct seeded in single row plots 25 ft in length, on Jun 14. A John Deere Model 71 planter equipped with a vegetable hopper with a fluted no-till coulter was used for the planting. Seeding was made in overwintered rye which had been killed with Paraquat (1.0 pt) on Jun 5 and Devrinol (3.0 lb) on Jun 15. Round-Up (1.5 pt) was applied on Apr 15. Distance between rows was 6 ft. When plants were 2-3 inches tall they were thinned so as to provide clumps of 3 tomato plants spaced 12 inches apart. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk ‘A’ loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom-built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 psi. Treatments were applied Aug 15; Sep 2, 8, 15 and 30; and Oct 6. On Oct 18 the plots were harvested and 100 fruit/treatment/replication were examined for injury. Yields were taken on Oct 18.
Winter Treatments for Control of Adult Egyptian Alfalfa Weevil on Alfalfa, 1981-1982
Authors: Beevers Michael H. , Carmeen Ingrid
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted at California State University at Fresno on a 2-year-old stand of alfalfa. Treatments were 15 ft x 40 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 replicates. Sprays were applied with a CO, back pack boom with two 8003 flat fan nozzles calibrated to deliver 18.11 gpa at 20 psi at the first and second applications and 29.3 gpa at 50 psi the third application. All treatments were applied on Dec 6. Two additional treatments of Penncap-M were applied on Jan 3 and Jan 22. Pre-counts made in the plots with a D-vac sampling device revealed Egyptian alfalfa weevils in less than 2% of the samples. However, D-vac samples taken over the entire field that contained this trial indicated 0.4 weevil adults per square foot. The first post-treatment counts were made from 3 sq ft per plot with a D-vac sampler and the second post-treatment counts were made with a standard 15 in sweep net using three 180° sweeps per plot. Plants were approximately 8 in at first treatment and 19 in at the end of this study.
Alfalfa, Late Season Grasshopper Control, Missouri, 1982
Authors: Brandenburg R.L. , Kirfman G.W.
Published: March 2022

The test was conducted near Alton, MO on a mixed pasture stand ca 12 in tall. Insecticide sprays were applied on Aug 10 to 60 x 60 ft plots with 3 replications. Grasshoppers were late stage nymphs and adult meadow grasshoppers (85%) and redlegged grasshoppers (15%). Sprays were applied at 20 gpa and 40 psi using 8002 flat fan nozzles on a 20 ft spray boom. Evaluations were obtained at 48 h post treatment by taking 10 (180 degree) sweeps with a 15 in sweep net. The temperature was 80°F. The data were transformed by x+0.5. Means in the table are of actual counts.
Potato Leafhopper and Pea Aphid Control on Alfalfa Study, Block I, 1982
Authors: Flessel John K.
Published: March 2022

A 2-year stand of ‘Saranac AR’ at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center at Wooster, Ohio was used for this study. Treatments were applied using a tractor-mounted Myers hydraulic sprayer, calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 20 psi. Plots were 30 x 60 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. The alfalfa was 10 in tall at treatment and 25 in tall at the completion of the study. Cygon was the standard.
Potato Leafhopper and Alfalfa Blotch Leafminer Control, 1982
Authors: Hower Arthur A.
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted at the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station farm at Rock Springs, Centre County. All insecticide sprays for the potato leafhopper and alfalfa blotch leafminer were applied to 30 x 30 ft plots on Jun 22, except for 1 treatment of methoxychlor which was applied as a stubble treatment to approximately 4 in alfalfa on Jun 18. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with untreated checks in each of the 4 replications. Alfalfa was 6 to 8 in tall at treatment. Spray concentrates were applied in 30.7 gal water per acre at 50 psi with a Gravely-mounted sprayer equipped with a 10-ft boom and 80LF3 nozzles. Potato leafhopper densities were estimated from ten 180° sweep samples taken randomly across each plot with a 15 in diameter sweep net. Leafhopper density was evaluated 1 and 3 days after application and then weekly during 28 days post treatment. Alfalfa blotch leafminer control was determined from the number of mined leaflets in 10 stems collected randomly across each plot. Leafminer density was determined once mines began to appear on approximately Jun 30 and weekly thereafter. Alfalfa yield was determined from an 81 ft2 sample taken from each plot. Harvest occurred 2 days after the last insect samples were collected.
Insecticide Effects on Potato Leafhopper and Nabids, 1982
Authors: Luna John M.
Published: March 2022

Insecticides were applied to the second cutting of alfalfa planted in the spring near Blacksburg, VA, using a CO2-powered boom sprayer with 19 gal water/acre 18 lb psi. Treatments were replicated 5 times in 50 ft x 50 ft plots in a randomizer block design. Insect samples consisted of 10 pendular sweeps per plot using a 15 in net. Insect counts were transformed to square root of (X + .05) prior to analysis of variance. Treatments were applied Jul 14 when 2nd growth alfalfa was 6 in tall, the mean nymphal leafhopper density estimate was 0.9 per sweep, and the pretreatment adult leafhopper density estimate was 3.4 per sweep. No yield or forage quality samples were taken because of high intraplot variability in plant growth.
Control of Heliothis SPP. in Cotton with Insect Growth Regulators and Microbials, 1982
Authors: Conleyft J.M. , Luttrell R.G.
Published: March 2022

A full season study was conducted at the Plant Science Research Farm of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State, MS, to determine the efficacy of various insect growth regulators (IGR’s) and microbial agents in controlling Heliothis spp. larvae on cotton. Plots were planted on May 20. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Each plot was 4 rows (3.6 m) x 27.4 m with 2 buffer rows between plots. Insecticides were applied by: (1) boom-type sprayer calibrated to deliver 6.5 gal/acre at 16.6 psi through 2 TX-4 nozzles/row, or (2) through 1 Micromax nozzle/row, delivering 1.4 gal/acre. Treatments were applied on Jul 30, Aug 5, 12, 18 and 27. All plots were oversprayed for boll weevil suppression on Aug 11, 21, 27 and 31 with 0.25 lb ai/acre Guthion. Insect populations and plant damage were monitored at weekly intervals by making whole plant examinations on a consecutive 1.07 m row length. Yield data were taken on 27 Oct by mechanically harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot.
Apple, Test of Acaricides, 1982
Authors: Hull Larry A.
Published: March 2022

Experimental sprays were applied to run-off to single-tree plots in a randomized block design with 2 replicates of Golden Delicious and 2 Red Delicious, both spur-type trees. Experimental sprays were applied with a spraygun from a truck-mounted hydraulic sprayer. Spray dates were as follows: Apr 29 (Tranide treatment); Jun 8 (all treatments except Tranide); Jun 18 (all treatments except Tranide); and Jul 23 (all treatments except Tranide). General purpose sprays of Captan 50W, Guthion 5QW and Sevin 50W were applied at intervals of ca. 2 weeks throughout the summer. Average temperatures were: May 66 F, June 67 F, Jul 78° F, and Aug 74 F. Rainfall in inches totaled: May 2.45, Jun 6.65, Jul 3.00, and Aug 1.80. Effectiveness of test materials on European red mite was evaluated by several counts of mites on random samples of 25 leaves/tree, 100 leaves/treatment. Mite population pressure was heavy throughout the season. Russeting of Golden Delicious apples was determined by scoring a random sample of 30 apples/replicate, 60 apples/treatment. Fruits were rated as no russeting (1), light russeting (2), moderate russeting (3), and severe russeting (4). Possible ranges were: russeting, none to light 30-60, light to moderate 60-90, and moderate to severe 90-120. All treatments provided good to excellent control of the European red mite except the Tranide treatment and the low rate of NC-21314. The half-rate combination of Carzol plus Plictran gave longer residual control than Carzol alone. Starting with the first treatment, average russet ratings in order are as follows: 98, 100, 98, 88, 101, 99, 108, 94, 98, 110, and 113.
Chemical Control of Boll Weevil in Alabama, 1982
Authors: Graham L.C. , Gaylor M.J. , Edelson J.V. , Walker L.
Published: March 2022

A field evaluation of insecticides to control boll weevils was conducted on sandy loam soil at the Plant Breeding Unit of Auburn University, Tallassee, AL. Four replicates of 9 treatments were applied in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 10 rows x 75 ft with 25-ft alleys between blocks. Insecticides were applied with a 10-row boom at the rate of 9 gal/acre (2.5 mph, 60 psi, 2 TeeJet TX4 80° nozzles per row) mounted on a Hahn Hi-boy. Due to wet weather, all plots were over sprayed aerially on 20 Jun with Pounce, Guthion, and Lorsban to suppress weevils and worms. Plots were treated for weevils on Aug 6, 12, 18, 24, 31 and Sep 3, 14 and 15. Plots were oversprayed on Aug 12, 18, 24, 31 and Sep 3 and 15 with Bolstar and Galecron to suppress bollworms. Damage was estimated by collecting 100 squares at random from the middle 2 rows in each plot. Weevil populations were considered moderate to heavy during the testing period.
Control of Heliothis SPP. in Cotton, 1982
Authors: Micinski Stephen
Published: March 2022

Two full season studies were conducted at the Red River Valley Agricultural Experiment Station, Bossier City, LA, to determine the efficacy of various commercial and experimental insecticides in controlling Heliothis spp. and boll weevils on cotton. Plots in the first test were 8 rows x 64.0 m (1.02 n centers). Plots in the second study were 4 rows x 30.5 m (1.02 m centers). Insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system for spraying small plots. Insecticides were applied in 11.4 liters of water with TX-3 hollow cone nozzles spaced 50.8 cm apart. Treatments in the first study were applied on Jul 27, Aug 3, 9, 18, 23 and 30. Guthion 2L (0.25 lb ai/acre) was added to the insecticides when weevil pressure warranted its addition. In the second test, insecticide applications were made on Jul 28, Aug 4, 10, 16, 24 and 31. No weevil material was added to the insecticide treatments in the second study. All plots in both tests were oversprayed with Azodrin 5 (0.5 lb ai/acre) for two-spotted mite on Aug 13. Following the sixth treatment in late Aug, both tests were oversprayed the remainder of the season following standard control practices. Yields were determined by mechanical harvest of the center 4 rows of each plot on Oct 20 and 21 in the first test and the center 2 rows of each plot on Oct 15 in the second study. Insect populations and plant damage were monitored following insecticide applications by examining 25 terminals and 25 squares/plot.
Cornstalk Borer Control in Nonirrigated Peanuts in Oklahoma, 1982
Authors: Mussett Kevin , Berberet Richard , Sander Oouglas , Steward Rruce
Published: March 2022

Peanuts were planted on Jun 25 with 0.9-m row spacing in light, sandy soil. Insecticide sprays were applied on Aug 13, Sep 10 and 30 using drop pipes from a boom sprayer with 2 flat spray nozzles/row to direct liquid to the soil surface over the pegging zone. Total volume delivered was 30 gpa. One application of the Terraclor & Lorsban granular formulation was made on Sep 10. A randomized complete block design was utilized with treatments replicated 4 times on 2 row x 100-m plots. On each sampling date 20 plants/plot were removed from the soil and roots, pegs, and pods were examined for larvae. Soil around plants was sifted to locate additional larvae or pupae. Plants with 1 or more live larvae or pupae were considered infested.
Control of Grasshoppers on Rangeland with Pydrin, 1982
Authors: Onsager, Jerome A. , Mazuranich, Philip C. , Winterfeld R.G.
Published: March 2022

Pydrin was applied at 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 lb ai/acre to non-replicated square 10-acre plots near Broadus, MT on Jun 24. All dosages were diluted in water and applied in 8 oz of fluid/acre with a Bell helicopter at 40 psi pressure through Spraying Systems No. 80015 flat fan nozzles. Flight speed was 70 mph, flight height was 100 ft, and swath width was 95 ft. All nozzles were directed straight down. These treatments were compared to a standard treatment of 8 fl oz of 95% technical malathion/acre applied under identical conditions. Results were assessed by counting grasshoppers in 50 estimated 1-ydin2 quadrats along each of 2 diagonal transects through each treated plot, as well as in an untreated control plot. Counts were taken before treatment and at 1, 3, and 7 days post treatment. The above grasshopper species comprised about 60% of the infestation, and were predominantly 3rd stage nymphs at the time of treatment. Precount densities averaged 5.7/yd2, which was not an economical infestation but which was sufficient for experimental purposes. All post-treatment densities were expressed as a percentage control based on the precounts along the same transects and were subjected to an analysis of variance.
Mexican Bean Beetle and Bean Leaf Beetle Control in Soybean, 1982
Authors: Ferguson Holly J. , Deighan John , McPherson Robert M.
Published: March 2022

Nine insecticidal treatments were evaluated to determine their effects on Mexican bean beetle, bean leaf beetle, and spiders. Insecticides were applied on Sep 2 on ‘Essex’ soybeans grown on the F.F. Chandler Farm in Westmoreland County near Montross, VA. Individual plots were 4 rows 25 ft long and spaced 6 ft apart. A randomized block experimental design with 3 replications was utilized. Each spray concentrate was applied to the soybean foliage with a CO2 powered backpack sprayer at 32 psi that delivered 29 gal of finished formulation per acre. Individual treatments were evaluated 1, 3, 6, and 14 days after application by comparing the number of Mexican bean beetle, bean leaf beetle, and spiders per 20 sweeps in the treated plots to those in the untreated plots.
Podworm, Soybean Looper, and Green Cloverworm Control of Soybean with Bacillus thuringiensis, 1982
Authors: Harper James D. , Herbert D. Ames
Published: March 2022

Soybeans were planted in 102 cm rows, at the Plant Breeding Unit near Tallassee, AL in May. Treatment plots were n rows x 15.2 m arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized, hand carried sprayer delivering 15.4 1/ha through 3 TX6 nozzles per row at 40 psi. Applications were made on Aug 19, when soybean looper and podworm populations had reached economic threshold levels and again on Aug 31, when an influx of soybean loopers occurred. Evaluations were made by taking a 0.91 m shake cloth sample from each plot on Aug 19 (prespray), 24, 27, Sep 3 and 7.
Soybean Looper Control in Narrow and Wide Row Soybean Plantings, 1981
Authors: Hutchins S.H. , Pitre H.N.
Published: March 2022

Soybeans were planted on Jun 11 near Starkville, in Oktibbeha County, MS. Treatment plots within the field were arranged in a 2-way split-plot design with wholeplots (row spacing) confounded and subplots (insecticides) randomized in a complete block design. Wide row plots were 4 rows on 38 in centers and 40 ft long. Narrow row plots encompassed an equal area, but were planted with a 7-in grain drill. All treatments were replicated 4 times. An early application of methyl parathion (0.5 lb ai/acre) induced high populations of the soybean looper throughout the field. Soybean in the R4 stage (full pod set) were heavily infested with loopers (3rd to 5th instars) when sprayed with insecticides on Sep 23. The toxicants were applied in water at the rate of 10 gal of final spray mixture per acre and at 32 psi using 3 nozzles per row. Soybean looper populations were sampled 24 h prior to application of the insecticides, and 24 and 48 h after application. A 3 ft ground cloth (sampling 6 row-ft) was used to sample the insect population in the wide row plantings, while the 7-in drill planting was sampled with a 15-in sweepnet using 12 sweeps per sample through the middle of each plot.
Cattle, Different Ear Tag Application Dates for Face Fly and Horn Fly Control, 1982
Authors: Herald Freddie , Knapp A F.W.
Published: March 2022

Six cow-calf herds of mixed beef cattle with approximately 25 cows/herd, were tagged with 8% Ectrin ear tags to determine the optimum spring application date for obtaining adequate face fly reduction during the summer. Two herds each were tagged the middle of Mar, Apr, and May. Both cows and calves were tagged with 2 Ectrin tags/hd. Face fly and horn fly counts were obtained from 10 cows in May and at regular intervals through Sep 15. Fly counts on 2 untreated cow-calf herds were made for a comparison.
Horn and Face Fly Control with Ear Tags and a New Ear Tag Tape, 1982
Authors: Stoltz Robert L.
Published: March 2022

Ectron and Atroban ear tags and Ectiban ear tag tapes (0.9 g permethrin/tape) were applied to cattle at Buhl, Idaho, for fly control evaluation. The herds and applications were as follows: Pasture: 1) Atroban tags applied to 25 holstein heifers at 1 tag/head, 2) Ectiban ear tag tapes applied to existing ear tag of 24 hereford heifers at 1 tape/head, 3) Ectrin ear tags applied at 1 tag/head to 18 holstein weaner calves, 4) an untreated group of 10 hereford heifers to act as checks, 5) 3 face fly counts were made on a herd of angus cows in a pasture adjacent to the calves with Ectrin tags. Penned: 1) Ectiban tapes were applied at 1 tape/head to existing tag on 12 angus bulls, 2) Atroban tags applied at 1 tag/head to a mixed herd of 10 steers and heifers, 3) an untagged group of 13 angus bulls was selected to serve as checks. All groups were located within a 2-mile radius. Tags or tapes were applied to the animals on 7 Jun and fly counts made at approximate 2-wk intervals until mid-Sep. Flies were counted with the aid of binoculars or spotting scope. Horn flies were recorded as the number per side and face flies were recorded as the number per head. Ten animals per group were counted on each date. The exception was the number of pasture check animals which was reduced to 5 and then only 2 animals late in the season.
Guinea Pig-Amblyomma Americanum Animal Systemic Evaluation of Igr’s and Acaricides, 1982
Authors: Hunt L.M.
Published: March 2022

Guinea pigs are weighed and the hair removed around the midsection using close-shave clippers. Then 2 capsule cages are pushed through holes in elastoplast bands and secured to the pigs with contact cement. The first dose of candidate compound is administered subcutaneously in the top of the neck 24 h after 12 starved nymphal lone star ticks have been introduced into each cage. The second and third injections are given on alternate days as multiple doses maintain more consistent blood levels of test materials for the different feeding rates of the ticks. An untreated pig serves as the control and provides data for Abbott’s formula. Doses of the active ingredient depend on guinea pig weight, compound structure, LD5Q, and other considerations. This amount is formulated in diethyl succinate in volumes of less than 500 ul/injection. About 4-6 days after the first treatment, dead ticks in the cages are removed and counted, and/or replete ticks are removed and held to observe mortality and nymphal molt. Effectiveness is determined by the percentage of ticks that fail to ecdyse (including dead nymphs that detach without engorging).
Evaluation of Ectiban Tapes and 8% Cypermethrin Plastic Strips Against Face Fly and Horn Fly on Horses, 1982
Authors: Hollis J.H. , Knapp F.W.
Published: March 2022

Ectiban ear tapes containing 0.9 g of permethrin each were tested on horses with 2 per halter and with 1 on the forelock and 1 on the tail. 8% cypermethrin plastic strips were tested on horses with 2 per halter, 1 in the forelock, 1 in the tail and 2 in the tail. Percentage reductions were based on pretreatment averages from at least 3 counts made on separate days. All tests were compared to untreated control horses in the same area to determine whether face flies and horn flies were active.
Control of Pink Bollworm with Growth Regulators, 1979-80
Authors: Flint Hoilis M. , Merkle John R.
Published: March 2022

Field plot tests were conducted with combinations of Coax and Thompson-Hayward diflubenzuron for control of the pink bollworm in fields of short staple cotton on the Cotton Research Center, Maricopa Co, AZ. In 1979 we tested a single treatment consisting of 1.15 kg AI of diflubenzuron plus 2.30 kg of Coax at a rate of 1200 1 of water/ha. This rate of Coax was the minimum label rate and the rate of diflubenzuron was well above levels normally used for control of leaf feeding Lepidoptera. Six weekly applications were made during the period Jul 30 - Sep 4. During the 1980 season we tested 3 treatments (1) 1.15 kg AI diflubenzuron, (2) 1.15 kg AI diflubenzuron plus 11.5 kg Coax, and (3) 1.15 kg AI diflubenzuron plus 11.5 kg Coax plus 2.5% additive. All treatments were applied at a rate of 94 1 water/ha. The additive was composed of solvent extracts of cottonseed and was tested as an additional specific feeding stimulant for the pink bollworm. In this test, the rate of application of Coax was the maximum label rate and the water was reduced from the 1979 test to thicken the mixture. We made 9 weekly applications during the period Jul 14 - Aug 25. Two of these applications were repeated after heavy rain. The test plots were placed in cotton that received usual cultivation and irrigation treatments, but no insecticides were applied. The effects of the treatments on populations of the pink bollworm were determined by collecting samples of 25 firm green bolls (ca 14-20 days oldj from each plot on a 7-10 day schedule during the periods of treatment. The boll samples were incubated in the laboratory at 27°C and 30% R.H. in ventilated plastic boxes. After 2 wk the numbers of larvae, pupae, and adults were counted and recorded. We also surveyed 10 plant terminals/plot each wk for Heliothis oviposition during these tests. All tests used plots 4 rows x 7.6 m (100 row ft) and all treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized block design. The test materials were applied using 7.5 1 pressurized hand-held sprayers with the intent of obtaining thorough coverage of all plant surfaces. Analysis of variance was used to test for significant differences (P = 0.05) in treatment means.
Mushroom Sciarid Control with Methoprene (Apex), 1978-79
Authors: Rinker D.L. , Snetsinger Robert
Published: March 2022

EXPERIMENT I. Six trays (.61 m x .61 m x .15 m), each filled with 18 kg of Phase II horse manure compost were placed into each of 2 small mushroom growing rooms. Each tray was spawned with 1 unit of MGA Cocoa Tan. Seven days after spawning (DAS) 240 gravid female sciarids were released onto the trays in each room. Fourteen DAS Apex 5E was applied as a drench of the rate 9.8 g (ai)/m2 on the compost in 1 of the rooms, and the compost in the second room was untreated. A Pestolite Insect Trap (Model RD-1P), equipped with blacklight blue fluorescent bulb was used to monitor fly populations in each room. The growing methods used were typical for the mushroom industry. Mushrooms were harvested for 55 days beginning 30 DAS.
Apple, Insect Control, Hudson Valley, Highland, New York, 1982
Authors: Weires R. W. , VanKirk J. R.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were applied to 8 tree plots replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied at pink, May 4; petal fall, May 17, 18, and in 5 cover sprays, Jun 3, 22, Jul 9, 23, and Aug 12, using a handgun sprayer at 400 psi delivering 4.2 gal spray/tree (403 gal/acre) dilute to runoff. Trees were 18-yrs-old, ca 12 ft high, on EM2 rootstock, and spaced 15 × 30 ft. Orthene treatments were only applied during the first 3 sprays, Guthion being used in the plots the remainder of the season. Ambush was only applied during the first 2 sprays, Cymbush being applied during the remaining sprays. Plictran 50WP at 8 oz formulation/100 gal was applied Jul 9 with all treatments except SIR 8514, Payoff, and FCR 1272. SLJ 0312 50WP at 8.0 oz formulation/100 gal was applied Jul 9 with the FCR 1272 treatment. Vangard 10WP 7.5 oz/acre was applied May 3, 27, and Jul 7 while Rubigan 1EC 9.0 oz/acre was applied Jun 15 over the entire block with an airblast sprayer at 4X (100 gal/acre) concentration. Thinning sprays were applied dilute by handgun using from 5-15 ppm of Naphthaleneacetic acid (depending upon the cultivar) on May 26. The weather was dry through the bloom period but June was unusually wet, while August was cooler than normal. Pest populations were at normal levels throughout the season. Insect damage was assessed by examining 100 fruits/cultivar/plot from 'Mcintosh' Sep 14, 'Cortland' Sep 17, 'Empire' Sep 24, and 'Golden Delicious' Sep 28.
Citrus Rust Mite Control (CRM), 198
Authors: Childers Carl C. , Sorrell Robert W.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were replicated 5 times on single-tree plots. An unsprayed buffer tree separated treatment trees within and between rows. Sprays were applied dilute with a hand-gun at 400 psi (ca 13 gal/tree) using a truck-mounted sprayer on May 14. Water pH of each tank mix was determined immediately prior to spraying using a Fisher digital 107 pH meter. Twenty fruit were examined at random around the canopy of each sample trae at various times before and after spraying. A 1 cm area was examined on each of 2 shaded sides per fruit. The combined 2 cm count per fruit of living motile CRM was recorded as 1 observation.
Aphid Control on Louisiana Pecans, 1982
Authors: Hall Michael J. , Shelton Richard
Published: March 2022

The study was conducted on mature 'Stuart' pecan trees at the Louisiana State University Pecan Research and Extension Station, Shreveport, Louisiana. A randomized block design was used consisting of 3 blocks with 1 tree per treatment per block. Foliar applications were made on Aug 4 with an FMC 957 speed sprayer delivering approximately 30 gal of material per tree. Sampling was conducted on Aug 6 and consisted of counting the aphids on 10 randomly selected compound leaves per tree. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Pecan Leaf Scorch Mite Control on Louisiana Pecans, 1982
Authors: Hall Michael J. , Shelton Richard
Published: March 2022

The study was conducted on mature 'Stuart' pecan trees at the Louisiana State University Pecan Research and Extension Station, Shreveport, Louisiana. A randomized block design was used consisting of 3 blocks with 1 tree per treatment per block. Applications of foliar applied materials were made on Aug 4 using an FMC 957 speed sprayer delivering approximately 30 gal of material per tree. All trees were sampled on Aug 6. Sampling consisted of counting the number of mites on leaflets 2 and 3 for 10 compound leaves per tree. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Evaluation of SN72129 50 WP Against the Driedfruit Beetle, 1980
Authors: Soderstrom E. L. , Brandl D. G.
Published: March 2022

The driedfruit beetle was grown at 26.7 ± 1° C, 60 ± 5% RH in figs reconstituted with tap water. Filter papers (9-cm diameter) were treated by pipetting 1 ml of an emulsion containing 0.1, 1, 10, 100 or 1000 ppm insecticide in tap water over the surface and air dried for 3 h. Control (untreated) paper received only tap water. Next, 10 adults no more than 2 wk from emergence were placed in disposable petri dishes containing a treated or untreated paper. The insects were then held at 26.7 ± 1°C and 60 ± 5% RH for 24 h. Each concentration and control were replicated 5 times. Mortal ites were determined and corrected by using Abbott's formula.
Fogging with Vapona ULV Formulation to Control Stored-Product Insects, 1982
Authors: Strong R. G. , Sbur D. E.
Published: March 2022

Tests were made to assess the efficacy of dichlorvos (Vapona) insecticide fogged at label rates into small storage facilities to control exposed insects. Immobilized trailers measuring 8'x8'xl4' served as test chambers. Insects from laboratory cultures were contained to prevent escape during exposure to dichlorvos. Moths were held in 7.5-cm × 7.5-cm cylinders covered on each end with a layer of cheesecloth held in place with rubber bands. Cylinders rested on their sides while tests were in progress. Open fluon-coated cylinders of the same size placed in 10-cm petri dishes kept granary weevils confined, confused flour beetles and large larvae of Trogoderma variabile were held in open 10-cm petri dishes. Five samples of 20 specimens per sample were used for each test species in each of 3 treatment replicates for each of 2 rates of Cardinal 5% Vapona liquid formulation applied. One set of control specimens was held in an untreated trailer. After insects were distributed inside each trailer at 5 points from front to back, a door was cracked open to facilitate application of Vapona liquid with a 7401 Micro-Jet ULV Fogmaster fogger calibrated to deliver 1 oz/min. Delivery was timed to apply the insecticide at the desired rates of 1/2 oz/1000 ft in 27 seconds and 1 oz/1000 ft in 54 seconds. Following application of insecticides, trailer doors were locked and remained closed for 6 h, then doors were opened and the first mortality records were made. Test specimens were moved onto appropriate foods in 4-oz jars and held at 80 F and 50-60% RH. Final mortality of adults was recorded 24 h after initial exposure; I. variabile larvae were held 7 days. Temperature inside the trailers ranged from 75°-90°F during the 6-h exposure period.
Efficacy of an Avermectin Bait Formulation Upon Male German Cockroaches in Choice Boxes, 1982
Authors: Ballard James B. , Gold Roger E.
Published: March 2022

A bait formulation of avermectin Bl was evaluated in modified Ebeling choice boxes. The modification consisted of the deletion of screened holes in the sides of the box. The choice box was 30 cm × 30 cm × 15 cm and made of clear white pine. A center partition divided the box into 2 chambers whereas a 1-cm hole near the top center of the partition permitted the movement of cockroaches between chambers. Box bottom was of 0.6 cm replaceable plywood panels. Top was 0.4 cm thick panels of replaceable plexiglass. In 3 replications both chambers of the choice box were provisioned with water and kept dark. One chamber of each choice box received a 2-g sample of Al po dry dog food bait previously treated with a selected concentration of Bl. The other choice box chamber received a 2-g sample of untreated Al po dog food. Samples were placed into choice boxes in plastic petri dish bottoms. The hole in the center partition was stoppered and 25 male German cockroaches, Orlando Normal biotype, were introduced into each chamber (50 cockroaches per box). One hour later, after the effects of carbon dioxide anesthesia had subsided, the stopper was removed. Once each day for 7 days the number of dead or moribund cockroaches in each side were recorded and removed. Probit analysis was performed on the data to estimate LTr„ values.
Bioassay Evaluation of Japanese Beetle Adulticides on Grapes, 1982
Authors: Williams Roger N. , Werner James , Ellis Michael A.
Published: March 2022

Nine insecticidal formulations were evaluated for efficacy in an experimental vineyard of Delaware grapes at Wooster, Ohio. Rows were 9 ft apart with 8 ft between vines within row. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. A replicate consisted of 2 adjacent vines in a row. Treatments were applied twice, Jul 22 and Aug 10. A C0o constant pressure sprayer equipped with a Tee Jet D3-23 core at 45 psi was used for most of the treatments. However, there was an exception; Sevin XLR was applied 1 part XLR in 11 parts of water, using a 2D - 13 core at 20 psi. On the 1st, 5th, 11th and 15th day after application, 3 grape leaves were removed at random from the outside canopy of each treatment for use in the bioassay. They were brought into the laboratory where they were placed in a floral tube filled with water inside a ventilated 1-gal container with 10 Japanese beetles. The 1 gal ice cream cartons were modified by placing 16-mesh wire screen over the bottom and cheese cloth over the top. Each bioassay included 4 replicates. The insect holding room was maintained at 75 F with ca. 75% RH under a 16-hr photoperiod.