bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective Effect of L-carnitine. Focus on Changing Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Voronkov Andrey V. , Pozdnyakov Dmitry I.
Published: November 2020

Introduction: In this study, the neuroprotective effect of L-carnitine administered per os in a dose of 25 mg/kg – 800 mg/kg was evaluated. The effects of L-carnitine on changes in mitochondrial function were also studied.

Materials and Methods: The neuroprotective effect and mitochondrial function were evaluated in a model of perma­nent focal ischemia in Wistar-line rats. L-carnitine was administered to rats orally for 72 hours from the moment of modeling ischemia. On the 4th day after the ischemia simulation, the change in the respiratory function of the mito­chondria, the opening time of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, the mitochondrial membrane potential, the concentration of intracellular calcium and the size of the cerebral necrosis zone were determined in rats’ brain supernatant.

Results: As a result, it was found that the administration of L-carnitine contributed to the restoration of mitochondrial function and a decrease in the size of the brain necrosis zone. At the same time, the administration of L-carnitine in low doses (25 mg/kg – 100 mg/kg) did not have a significant effect on the change in the concentration of intracellular calcium. It should be noted that an increase in the dose of L-carnitine from 200 mg/kg to 800 mg/kg was not accom­panied by a significant increase in the therapeutic effect.

Discussion: L-carnitine is one of the key biomolecules that directly affect metabolic processes. It is known that L-car­nitine acts as a ”shuttle” for long-chain fatty acids and thus can affect the alteration of mitochondrial function. Howev­er, the detailed nature of the mitochondriotropic action of L-carnitine has not been yet established. This was the focus of this study, which showed that the mitochondrion-oriented effect of L-carnitine is dose-dependent and expressed in the form of restoring the respiratory function of mitochondria, restoring the mitochondrial potential and increasing the latent opening time of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, reducing the level of intracellular calcium.

Conclusion: The study allowed us to expand our understanding of the L-carnitine neuroprotective effect and the effect of this compound on changes in mitochondrial function.

Graphical abstract:
A new species of Pristimantis (Amphibia, Anura, Strabomantidae) from the Pui Pui Protected Forest (central Peru), with comments on Pristimantis albertus Duellman & Hedges, 2007
Authors: Moravec Jiří , Lehr Edgar , Kodejš Karel
Published: November 2020

We describe a newPristimantisspecies from the eastern Andes, Región Junín, Peru following an integrative taxonomic approach. The description is based on three adult males (snout-vent length 25.7–28.8 mm) collected in two montane forests between 1615 and 1800 m a.s.l. in the Pui Pui Protected Forest and its close surroundings. The new species is mainly characterised by absence of tympanum, presence of inner tarsal fold, broad horizontal red band across iris, ventre mottled black and cream and ventral surfaces of thighs salmon and grey mottled. Amongst the Amazonian and montane forestPristimantisthat have the ventre and groin contrastingly black and cream mottled,P. sinschisp. nov.is morphologically most similar toP. lindaeandP. ventrimarmoratus. However, DNA barcoding revealed a clear distinction between these three species and placedP. sinschisp. nov.as sister taxon ofP. lindae. We designate a lectotype forP. ventrimarmoratusand restrict the type locality of this species to “El Topo, R. Pastaza, [Provincia Tungurahua,] E. Ecuador, 4200 feet”.Pristimantis albertusandP. sagittulusare recorded for the first time in the Región Junín. Additional data on morphology and systematics are provided forP. albertus.
Pratiques éducatives parentales et premières compétences en numératie des enfants d’âge préscolaire selon le niveau socio-économique et culturel des familles
Authors: Poncelet Débora , de Chambrier Anne-Françoise , Tinnes-Vigne Mélanie , Baye Ariane , Tazouti Youssef , Dierendonck Christophe
Published: November 2020

Les compétences en numératie des jeunes élèves sont prédictives de leur réussite scolaire et socio-professionnelle ultérieure, et les élèves qui entrent à l’école primaire avec de faibles connaissances sur le nombre ont tendance à rester en retard mathématique par rapport à leurs pairs plus tard dans leur scolarité. Les données disponibles montrent que les premières compétences numériques sont influencées par le background familial ainsi que par les pratiques familiales en matière de numératie. Toutefois, les études ayant cherché à comprendre précisément ces liens sont peu nombreuses. Au départ de données luxembourgeoises, suisses, belges et françaises sur les compétences numériques de 644 enfants de 4 à 6 ans et de 388 questionnaires parentaux, la présente étude vise à mieux identifier les pratiques éducatives parentales et les caractéristiques du background familial qui sont associées aux compétences en numératie des jeunes enfants. D’une part, les résultats mettent en évidence que la fréquence des activités informelles à domicile semble propice au développement des premières compétences mathématiques, et ce quel que soient l’âge des enfants et le niveau socio-économique et culturel des parents. D’autre part, il ressort que les parents cherchent à se rapprocher de l’école lorsque leur enfant présente des difficultés d’apprentissage en mathématiques. Les implications de ces différents constats sont discutées en termes d’interventions scolaires possibles.
A survey of gradient methods for solving nonlinear optimization
Authors: Stanimirović Predrag S. , Ivanov Branislav , Ma Haifeng , Mosić Dijana
Published: November 2020

The paper surveys, classifies and investigates theoretically and numerically main classes of line search methods for unconstrained optimization. Quasi-Newton (QN) and conjugate gradient (CG) methods are considered as representative classes of effective numerical methods for solving large-scale unconstrained optimization problems. In this paper, we investigate, classify and compare main QN and CG methods to present a global overview of scientific advances in this field. Some of the most recent trends in this field are presented. A number of numerical experiments is performed with the aim to give an experimental and natural answer regarding the numerical one another comparison of different QN and CG methods.
The skewness for uncertain random variable and application to portfolio selection problem
Authors: Li Bo , Shu Yadong
Published: November 2020

Uncertainty and randomness are two basic types of indeterminacy, where uncertain variable is used to represent quantities with human uncertainty and random variable is applied for modeling quantities with objective randomness. In many real systems, uncertainty and randomness often exist simultaneously. Then uncertain random variable and chance measure can be used to handle such cases. We know that the skewness is a measure of distributional asymmetry. However, the concept of skewness for uncertain random variable has not been clearly defined. In this paper, we first propose a concept of skewness for uncertain random variable and then present a formula for calculating the skewness via chance distribution. Applying the presented formula, the skewnesses of three special uncertain random variables are derived. Finally, a portfolio selection problem is carried out for showing the efficiency and applicability of skewness and presented formula.
Labor Share Decline and Intellectual Property Products Capital
Authors: Koh Dongya , Santaeulàlia-Llopis Raül , Zheng Yu
Published: November 2020

We study the behavior of the U.S. labor share over the past 90 years. We find that the observed decline of the labor share is entirely explained by the capitalization of intellectual property products in the national income and product accounts.
Inflation and professional forecast dynamics: An evaluation of stickiness, persistence, and volatility
Authors: Mertens Elmar , Nason James M.
Published: November 2020

This paper studies the joint dynamics of U.S. inflation and a term structure of average inflation predictions taken from the Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF). We estimate these joint dynamics by combining an unobserved components (UC) model of inflation and a sticky‐information forecast mechanism. The UC model decomposes inflation into trend and gap components, and innovations to trend and gap inflation are affected by stochastic volatility. A novelty of our model is to allow for time‐variation in inflation‐gap persistence as well as in the frequency of forecast updating under sticky information. The model is estimated with sequential Monte Carlo methods that include a particle learning filter and a Rao–Blackwellized particle smoother. Based on data from 1968
Q4 to 2018
Q3, estimates show that (i) longer horizon average SPF inflation predictions inform estimates of trend inflation; (ii) inflation gap persistence is countercyclical before the Volcker disinflation and acyclical afterwards; (iii) by 1990 sticky‐information inflation forecast updating is less frequent than it was earlier in the sample; and (iv) the drop in the frequency of the sticky‐information forecast updating occurs at the same time persistent shocks become less important for explaining movements in inflation. Our findings support the view that stickiness in survey forecasts is not invariant to the inflation process.
Los Médicos irlandeses y las ideas (pre)ilustradas: Raymond Everard (1675-1754)
Authors: Cagigal Ekain
Published: November 2020

La historiografía ha mostrado extensamente cómo los médicos irlandeses tuvieron un papel de primer nivel en la medicina del siglo XVIII a lo largo de toda la Monarquía Hispánica. Sin embargo, más allá de las prominentes figuras ligadas a los círculos cortesanos y militares –tales como, Higgins, Purcell, Gorman u O’Scanlan–, puede reivindicarse todo un número de doctores irlandeses que desempeñaron su ejercicio en ámbitos público-privados de menor proyección, pero con sólidos posicionamientos profesionales, y en muchos de los casos, vehiculizando las nuevas corrientes ideológicas del continente, adquiridas en la trayectoria de su emigración. Así, Raymond Everard, natural del condado de Waterford (Irlanda), representa muy fielmente el arquetipo de médico irlandés que, tras un paso por las universidades y los círculos pre-ilustrados franceses, recaló en Bilbao como médico municipal, atendiendo a la villa.
Hacia una historia revisada de la teoría organizacional-activacional
Authors: Nahuel Bernabé Federico
Published: November 2020

En las últimas décadas la neuroendocrinología del comportamiento ha pasado de un área marginal de la incipiente revolución neurocientífica a una disciplina bien consolidada, hasta el punto de convertirse en el abordaje estándar para las diferencias y la diferenciación sexual de la conducta. Tanto en los trabajos de historia general de la endocrinología, como en las reviews de la especialidad y las aproximaciones críticas desde el feminismo académico, se ha generado un racconto según el cual la teoría central de la neuroendocrinología, esto es, la Teoría Organizacional Activacional habría sido fundada en 1959 por W. C. Young y sus colaboradores al descubrir los efectos de la testosterona fetal sobre conejillas de indias hembra. En el presente artículo se propone una revisión de tal historia oficial, comenzando con los trabajos de Arnold Berthold, profundizando en los desarrollos endocrinos de los años veinte y treinta del siglo pasado y revisando las disputas entre Young y Beach en los años previos a la publicación del 59. Con esta revisión, se pretende mejorar el conocimiento histórico de la teoría organizacional activacional, lo cual de forma derivada puede ayudar a iluminar algunas polémicas en torno a las explicaciones biológicas de la sexualidad humana.
Crise environnementale et santé mentale : nouveaux enjeux épistémiques, nouvelles approches
Authors: Mathilde Guernut , Antoine Baleige
Published: November 2020

Les modifications structurales de notre organisation sociale pour répondre à la crise environnementale contemporaine amènent une transformation de nos organisations sociales. Pour faire face à leur impact sanitaire, développer de nouveaux savoirs et approches s'avère nécessaire. Parce que les changements du contexte socio-culturel modifient les cadres idéologiques dans lesquels nous construisons nos savoirs, développer de nouvelles approches passe par une redéfinition épistémique. Afin de ne pas reproduire des schémas de pensée erronés, il est nécessaire de définir les cadres idéologiques à l'œuvre et d'anticiper leur transposabilité dans une société conçue comme durable. Dans cet article, nous présentons les trois principales idéologies de la santé mentale contemporaine occidentale et interrogeons successivement leur compatibilité avec la mise en place d'une société durable, les transformations sociales à venir et leur impact sur la production et la transmission du savoir. Outre le développement de nouvelles approches inclusives plus justes et équitables, répondre à l'enjeu environnemental en santé mentale nécessite une modification des dynamiques de pouvoir au profit des personnes usagères/survivantes de la santé mentale.
Crónica de una migración anunciada : las migraciones de retorno a las raíces de argentinos en Galicia (España) a principios del siglo XXI
Authors: Laíz Moreira Sofía
Published: November 2020

Cet article présente une analyse des facteurs qui ont déterminé la migration des familles de différentes localités de la Province de Buenos Aires, en Argentine, et vers la Région de Galice, en Espagne, au début du XXI siècle. La conjoncture historique dans laquelle se déroulent ces migrations coïncide avec un moment socio-politique d’énormes bouleversements dans ce pays du sud. Ce texte présente les résultats d'une recherche qui essaie de comprendre les projets migratoires de seize familles étudiées, avec une attention particulière à leurs stratégies de mobilité sociale intergénérationnelle basées sur la mobilité géographique. Pour cela, une analyse tridimensionnelle des déterminantes macro, méso et micro-sociologiques a été réalisée, en prenant en compte l’idée selon laquelle le contexte social influence les trajectoires d'insertion sociale des migrants.
Autonomie et design
Authors: Escobar Arturo
Published: November 2020

La crise que nous traversons aujourd’hui n’est pas uniquement la crise d’un modèle économique, pas plus qu’elle ne peut être attribuée à l’humanité dans sa totalité. Elle est bien plutôt la crise du modèle de civilisation imposé par la modernité/colonialité/capitaliste/patriarcale occidentale. C’est ce constat effectué par des activistes amérindiens, afrodescendants et paysans, et de plus en plus explicitement élaboré par la pensée critique du continent, que le livre d’Arturo Escobar prend comme point de départ afin de proposer des alternatives à un mode de vie qui s'est révélé non soutenable et intrinsèquement meurtrier.Grâce à un riche dialogue entre les senti-pensées des communautés amérindiennes et des afrodescendants d'une part, et les théories appartenant à des disciplines hétérogènes telles que la philosophie, l'écologie politique, la théorie féministe et la biologie d'autre part, A. Escobar examine dans ce livre les potentialités du design pour la transition vers des modes de vie basés sur l'interdépendance radicale entre tous les êtres (humains et non humains), la réciprocité et l'autonomie des peuples. Pour ce faire, l'auteur adopte un double point de départ : premièrement, le postulat théorique selon lequel le design est ontologique, puisque chaque objet ou service qu'il crée produit des façons particulières d'être et de faire ; deuxièmement, l’observation de l’ubiquité du design dans nos sociétés modernes. Compte tenu des origines capitalistes, fonctionnalistes et rationalistes du design, pourrait-il être réorienté pour fonctionner non pas en faveur de l'accumulation de capital qui nécessite l'infériorisation de l'Autre, mais la reconstitution et la guérison du tissu de la vie ? Dans quelles conditions le design peut-il contribuer à la transition vers de nouveaux modes de vie où les êtres humains se sentent appartenir à la Terre et comprennent, comme dans la philosophie Ubuntu, que « je suis parce que nous sommes » ?
Analysis on Indian Stock Market Prediction Using Deep Learning Models
Authors: Karuppiah Kalaivani , N. Umamaheswari , R. Venkatesh
Published: November 2020

The neural network is one of the best data mining techniques that have been used by researchers in different areas for the past 10 years. Analysis on Indian stock market prediction using deep learning models plays a very important role in today's economy. In this chapter, various deep learning architectures such as multilayer perceptron, recurrent neural networks, long short -term memory, and convolutional neural network help to predict the stock market prediction. There are two different stock market price companies, namely National Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange, are used for analyzing the day-wise closing price used for comparing different techniques such as neural network, multilayer perceptron, and so on. Both the NSE and NYSE share their common details, and they are compared with various existing models. When compared with the previous existing models, neural networks obtain higher accuracy, and their experimental result is shown in betterment compared with existing techniques.
Biofeedback-Based Mental Health Software and Its Statistical Analysis
Authors: Rastogi Rohit , Chaturvedi Devendra Kumar , V. Sathiyamoorthi
Published: November 2020

Many apps and analyzers based on machine learning have been designed already to help and cure the stress issue, which is increasing. The project is based on an experimental research work that the authors have performed at Research Labs and Scientific Spirituality Centers of Dev Sanskriti VishwaVidyalaya, Haridwar and Patanjali Research Foundations, Uttarakhand. In the research work, the correctness and accuracy have been studied and compared for two biofeedback devices named as electromyography (EMG) and galvanic skin response (GSR), which can operate in three modes, audio, visual and audio-visual, with the help of data set of tension type headache (TTH) patients. The authors have realized by their research work that these days people have lot of stress in their life so they planned to make an effort for reducing the stress level of people by their technical knowledge of computer science. In the project they have a website that contains a closed set of questionnaires from SF-36, which have some weight associated with each question.
An Insight on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Use of Herbal Medicines as Alternative Treatment
Authors: Rao Sowmya Kiran
Published: November 2020

One of the most common endocrine disorder in females during reproductive age which leads to infertility, metabolic derangements, and also psychological impairments is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This syndrome has been known to increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, lipid disorders, and also autoimmune thyroiditis. Impending complication list includes malignancies like breast and endometrial cancer. The actual cause of this syndrome is unknown, and perhaps, it could be due to a combination of various unmodifiable genetic factors and modifiable environmental factors. Several research studies have been carried out on management of PCOS, and many medicinal plants have been used as an alternative therapy for oligo/amenorrhoea, hyperandrogenism, and PCOS in women. The chapter gives an insight on PCOS, its management, and elucidates the effects of medicinal plants on PCOS.
Male Infertility Management With Alternative Medicine
Authors: Pramodh Sreepoorna
Published: November 2020

In this chapter, the main causes of male factor infertility, specifically endocrine abnormalities and effect of endocrine disrupters, will be outlined. For many patients, conventional therapy presents considerable financial strain and moral dilemma. In this context, many patients are preferring complementary medicine (CAM). Hence, the promises offered by herbal medicine including Ayurveda, Arab, and Chinese medicine will be explored in this chapter. Many naturopathic medicaments such as Withania somnifera, Asparagus racemosus, Curculigo orchioides, Zingiber officinale, etc. are being routinely used as part of traditional medicine practice in Ayurveda and Arab medicine and gaining wider acceptance in other countries. Common herbs, targeted infertility condition, and results thereafter shall be discussed. In the concluding part of the chapter, the potential deleterious contraindications of alternate medicine such as lead toxicity from Ayurvedic medications shall be briefly discussed.
Role of Herbal Medicine/Phyto-Therapy in Cancer Prevention by Inhibiting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Pathways
Authors: Gahtori Rekha , Paliwal Ashutosh
Published: November 2020

Human life is surrounded and dependent on its environment. Human civilization is nurtured by nature as it provides raw materials that are used in the manufacturing of various essential products like medicine, food items, etc. Not only developing countries but developed countries also depend on herbal-based medications. Cancer is a global health burden. Epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) plays a key role in cancer progression and is also stimulated by different extracellular signals and could be regulated at different levels. Conventional therapies exhibit a cytotoxic effect, which encourages the development of a new approach that could be used with synthetic drugs. Phytotherapy emerged as an effective weapon against cancer. Herbal drugs directly target different signaling pathways that promote EMT and eventually lead to cancer.
Advocating for Muslim American Students in School Settings
Authors: Ermis-Demirtas Hulya
Published: November 2020

Muslim American students deal with many challenges, including bullying and discrimination in schools due to their religious identity, resulting in adverse psychosocial outcomes. From a social justice advocacy stance, school counselors can play a vital role in empowering this student population. It is also school counselors' ethical responsibility to develop multicultural competency and promote diversity by gaining knowledge and skills regarding cultural elements. Therefore, this chapter endeavors to give voice to Muslim American students and serve as a resource for school counselors and educators to work with Muslim youth in PK-12 schools effectively. More specifically, this chapter provides an overview of the Muslim population, identifies critical tenets of Islam, explores significant challenges Muslim students experience in schools along with detrimental effects of discrimination on their psychosocial health and suggests practical recommendations for school personnel including school counselors to facilitate positive social interactions and healthy development of Muslim youth.
The Locked Cage
Authors: Johns Kenya , Barnes Natasha
Published: November 2020

This chapter aims to discuss the on-going problems of mass incarceration within the USA and the impact it has on the family and the school system. Mass incarceration is a societal concern because it impacts those that are incarcerated and the families that they leave behind outside the cage. Those that are parents and are incarcerated not only have to deal with their decisions, their children do as well. It is estimated that more than 1.7 million children within the USA have experienced a parent or caregiver being incarcerated. Incarceration can have a negative effect on the students development within the classroom, leading to long-term traumatic experiences and negative behavioral, emotional academic performances within the classroom. This chapter explores the impact it has on the students and academic environment while provide tools to best support these students and families.
School Counselors' Use of a Multitier System of Support to Foster Safe School Experiences and Respond to School Violence
Authors: Padilla George , Salinas Clarissa , Cavazos Vela Javier , Whittenberg James F.
Published: November 2020

In this chapter, the authors introduce and identify current issues, controversies and problems that influence school safety and counselor preparedness. A brief overview of school violence in America, counselors' training to deal with school violence, and factors that influence school violence are provided. Following this, the authors present a multitier system of supports (MTSS) as a recommended model for counselors to (1) prevent, (2) prepare and plan, (3) respond, and (4) lead recovery efforts as related to school violence. Finally, a case study is presented in which the authors apply best practices within the American Counselor Association's national framework to handle a crisis.
Aproximacióm al estado actual de la ética de la investigación mediante el análisis de las normas de autor de algunas revistas científicas
Authors: Aranda Ana , Pastor Luis Miguel
Published: November 2020

Not available.
Inserimento della bioetica nei curricoli scolastici: i risultati dei un’indagine conoscitiva
Authors: Di Pietro Maria Luisa
Published: November 2020

La riflessione sui temi di bioetica ha superato i confini della ricerca bioetica e dell’assistenza clinica, coinvolgendo sempre di più anche l’opinione pubblica. Questa, sollecitata e sconcertata dalle informazioni dei media, risponde con sentimenti controversi. Al di là, però, della notizia contingente, le problematiche bioetiche chiedono di essere affrontate con continuità e competenza e far parte di momenti di formazione anche delle nuove generazioni. Si tratta, in latri termini, di favorire una cultura bioetica o una educazione alla bioetica. Per questo anche la scuola, quale fondamentale agenzia educativa, è stata chiamata a fornire il suo contributo, attraverso il Protocollo d’intesa siglato nell’ottobre 1999 tra il Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione e il Comitato Nazionale per la Bioetica riguardo l’inserimento stabile della bioetica nelle scuole italiane.

Da queste premesse, l’Autore offre all’attenzione del lettore i risultati di una indagine conoscitiva svolta tra oltre mille insegnanti di scuole di ogni ordine e grado distribuite nel territorio nazionale, ricerca volta a rilevare le opinioni dei docenti sull’inserimento della bioetica nella scuola (motivazioni, programmi, orientamenti etici di riferimento, metodologie didattiche, ecc.).

tra gli altri risultati, l’indagine evidenzia che il 95% degli intervistati ritiene utile l’inserimento della bioetica nei curricoli scolastici a scopi formativi, mentre il 66% pensa che sia necessario indicare un orizzonte etico, orizzonte scelto in accordo con la famiglia (83%). Il 61%, infine ritiene che l’educazione alla bioetica vada fatta dagli insegnanti e che vada integrata con continuità nei curricoli scolastici.
La maternità surrogata – Riflessioni medico legali in tema di tutela dell’embrione, del nascituro, delle “due madri” e della dignità della persona umana
Authors: Albertazzi Gianluca , Vetrugno Giuseppe , Sacchini Dario
Published: November 2020

Le moderne tecniche di fecondazione assistita ed in particolar modo la pratica della c.d. maternità surrogata, hanno, negli ultimi anni, determinato una serie di implicazioni morali, sociali e giuridiche che sono arrivate a coinvolgere non più soltanto il problema della paternità del figlio nato con procedimenti diversi da quelli naturali, ma anche quello della maternità.

Il 14 febbraio 2000 un Giudice del Tribunale di Roma XI Sez. Civile ha emesso un’ordinanza con la quale ha autorizzato un medico ginecologico, nonostante il divieto previsto dal Codice Deontologico, a trasferire gli embrioni crio-conservati, ottenuti mediante fusione dei gameti dei due coniugi nell’utero di un’altra donna che si è offerta spontaneamente e gratuitamente di portare a termine la gravidanza. Contro questo ordinanza, hanno presentato ricorso la Procura della Repubblica presso il Tribunale di Roma e la Federazione Nazionale degli Ordini dei Medici Chirurghi e Odontoiatri. Il 30 marzo, tuttavia, il Tribunale di Roma XI sezione Civile ha giudicato inammissibili i ricorsi, confermando di fatto l’efficacia dell’ordinanza.

Gli autori ripercorrono la vicenda giudiziaria per discutere la delicata problematica del fenomeno della surrogazione di utero, analizzando il contenuto dell’ordinanza e affrontando gli aspetti medico-legali, alla luce della dottrina, della giurisprudenza e della bioetica in materia, sia italiana che straniera.
Il dibattito in bioetica - Profilattici e valori familiari, aproposito dell'espansione dell'HIV/AIDS
Authors: Suaudeau Jacques
Published: November 2020

Non disponibile.
Socio-Demographic Determinants Associated with Blastocystis Infection in Arequipa, Peru
Authors: Salazar-Sánchez Renzo S. , Ascuña-Durand Kasandra , Ballón-Echegaray Jorge , Vásquez-Huerta Victor , Martínez-Barrios Elí , Castillo-Neyra Ricardo
Published: November 2020

Blastocystis is one of the most common protozoa in the human gut and a zoonotic organism related to unsanitary living conditions. This protozoon shows a broad distribution, unclear symptomatology, and undefined pathogenicity. In Peru, studies report the presence of Blastocystis in many regions, but the highest prevalence levels are reported in Arequipa. The aim of this study was to link Blastocystis infection with social determinants of health. We recruited and surveyed 232 infected and uninfected participants from houses with at least one Blastocystis-infected person. All samples were concentrated by spin concentration method in saline solution, examined by wet mount under light microscopy and confirmed with methylene-stained stool smear. We found a human Blastocystis prevalence of 51.3% in the study sample. We also found statistical associations between Blastocystis infection and peri-urban location in the city as well as the use of alternative non-domiciliary water supplies, suggesting these are risk factors for human Blastocystis infection.
Tolerance of Colpoda cucullus Nag-1 Resting Cysts and Presumed Structure for Protection against UV Light
Authors: Yamane Shinji , Watanabe Maho , Funadani Ryoji , Miyazaki Ryutaro , Hasegawa Yuya , Arikawa Mikihiko , Suizu Futoshi , Matsuoka Kou , Matsuoka Tatsuomi
Published: November 2020

Resting cysts of the terrestrial ciliate Colpoda cucullus (Nag-1 strain) are highly resistant to UV light. It has been speculated that auto-fluorescent (blue fluorescent) particles surrounding the nuclei and yellowish fluorescent layers of the cyst wall are the candidate structures for the protection of the cellular components from UV light. The UV resistance of encysting cells was quickly acquired up to 5 h after the onset of encystment induction, and then gradually increased for several days. The less fluorescent ectocyst layer, yellowish fluorescent first-synthesized endocyst layer (en-1) and the NSPs were formed within 5 h after the onset of encystment induction, and thereafter endocyst layers became gradually thicker for several days. The cyst wall sample (ectocyst and endocyst layers) markedly absorbed a broad range of UV light. This result indicates that the cyst wall evidently has UV-cut function. These results support that the cyst wall and NSPs of C. cucullus play a role in the shielding of the cell components from UV light.
Lokalizacja współczesnych cmentarzy komunalnych w Polsce
Authors: Długozima Anna
Published: November 2020

Location of contemporary communal cemeteries in Poland The main purpose of this paper is to characterise contemporary communal cemeteries and to develop a typology of these facilities from the point of view of its location. The main criteria for the selection of cemeteries were the date of creation (1999–2019) and the communal status of objects. Literature studies in the fields of spatial planning, landscape architecture, geography, sociology and an analysis of legal acts including planning acts were the bases for developing evaluation criteria in the aspect of cemeteries location. The location of cemeteries in relation to: natural system, accessibility, functional and spatial structure of settlement units and religious facilities was characterized. The spatial extent of the research covered cemeteries within their boundaries along with the sanitary protection zone (150 m). Field studies were carried out in July and August 2019. The research showed that out of 63 cemeteries, most are established within the administrative boundaries of cities, but in their suburban, non-urbanized areas. Models of communal cemeteries were developed due to their location.
Slavic languages in contact, 4: Turkic in Slovak – A short note
Authors: Stachowski Marek
Published: November 2020

Slovak has never had especially intense contacts with Turkish or any other Turkic lan­guage. This author tries to show that loanwords called “Turkisms in Slovak” neverthe­less call for more attention and research than one might initially think as well as that, indeed, there possibly exist a few words borrowed directly from Turkish into Slovak. These words may, at least sometimes, reflect an old colloquial pronunciation variant in the speech of Turkish soldiers and are, thus, a Slovak contribution to investigation into Turkish linguistic history.
On Chinese Hui-Muslim elementary vocabulary (1): Prayer terminology
Authors: Mèngyáo Sūn , Knüppel Michael
Published: November 2020

In the article, which forms the first part of a series on Chinese Hui-Muslim religious terminology, the authors are dealing with the Hui Muslim prayer terminology, that can roughly be divided into direct and indirect loans. While the direct loans are bor­rowings from Arabic or Persian, the indirect loans are formed by the means of the own languages (so-called calques).
Wydawnicze skamieliny. Późne edycje bestsellerów jako źródło informacji o kształcie wizualnym pierwszego wydania tekstu
Authors: Kiliańczyk-Zięba Justyna
Published: November 2020

Printed Fossils. Late Editions of Bestsellers as a Source of Information on the Typographic Shape of the First Edition of a Text One of the important problems studied by book historians is the fate of those titles and editions that have not survived to our times. These were oftentimes the most popular and most frequently purchased publications, very vulnerable to destruction exactly due to their popularity. The information about lost editions usually comes from the old book lists (inventories and catalogues of early modern book collections, 18th and 19th century bibliographies), as well as from mentions by various authors. Justyna Kiliańczyk-Zięba shows that information about the existence and typographical shape of the lost editions is also to be found in preserved editions which were published decades or even centuries after the first editions. The study draws on bibliographic research and editorial work carried out over several years. Its aim is to present a methodology that allows the layout of the today unknown first print of Fortuna abo Szczęście by Stanislaw of Bochnia to be reconstructed with high probability.
Niewspółczesność. O możliwej historii literatury polskiej po 1989 roku
Authors: Mizerkiewicz Tomasz
Published: November 2020

Noncontemporaneity. On the Possible History of Polish Literature after 1989 Temporal and historical frames usually applied to the description of recent Polish literature gradually lose their potential. “Postmodernism,” “late modernism,” and other terms do not reveal the complicated and local temporal landscape of this literature. Processes like the traumatic return of past events (WWII, the Holocaust, Stalinist terror), the simultaneous activity of Polish language writers in countries around the world, immigrant writings, etc., preclude the use of the term “contemporaneity,” since they do not create any shared temporal horizon and belong to processes of different temporal dynamics with separate time rhythms. Rather, they belong to the dimension of “noncontemporaneity” or “asynchrony.” “Noncontemporaneity” is both the general perspective of the latest literature and the experience of the main characters presented by the literary works.
Jakieś dziwne przeczucie, jak przed świata końcem. Argumenty za nową cezurą
Authors: Kaczmarski Paweł
Published: November 2020

A Weird Inkling, As If the World Was Ending. Arguments for a New Periodisation The article examines the idea of year 2008 – the beginning of the so-called Great Recession – as a potential turning point in contemporary Polish poetry. Most of the authors commonly associated with the so-called “new Polish political poetry” have published their first books around 2008, and it was also around that year that the work of certain important young authors seems to have shifted from a relatively traditional form to a more experimental one, allowing them to accurately grasp the anxiety and precariousness inherently tied to the social experience of the young generation. I link these shifts to the issue of reference and dereferentialisation of sign/language under financial capitalism. Whereas pre-2008, the dereferentialisation of language might have seemed like an ongoing and somewhat ambivalent process, for the young generation it constitutes the very foundation of their everyday existence.
Problematyka właściwego wyeksponowania zabytków ruchomych z perspektywy administracyjnoprawnej
Authors: Lizak Agata
Published: November 2020

The problem of adequate display of movable monuments from the perspective of administrative law As regards the Act of 23rd July 2003 on the Protection of Monuments and the Guardianship of Monuments, there are no regulations directly addressing the problem of display of movable monuments. Yet, similarly to immovable monuments’ surroundings (which are legally protected under certain conditions), movable heritage surroundings may also exert an influence on objects’ historic, artistic or scientific value. This article examines four main aspects of the aforementioned problem, including a discussion on how and in which cases the protection of immovable monuments may automatically ensure the protection of movable property’s surroundings. Moreover, this analysis concerns the scope of the legal restriction of permanent relocation of movable monuments, violating traditional notions of interior design. Next, attention is given to the specific protection of monument surroun letter analysis of current legal provisions, the analysis comprises elements of the historic evolution of regulation in this context. Furthermore, an attempt to formulate postulates de lege ferenda has been made.
DEMONETIZATION AND IMPROVISATION OF VALUE CHAIN DYNAMIC IN AFGHANISTAN: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY
Authors: Panah Abdul Masood , Muniraju Y.
Published: November 2020

Demonetization is the elimination of the backing of the money granted by law to the notes is, therefore, legal tender. On Wednesday_ September 2002, the new president of the transition government announced from television to the people of Afghanistan that the decision had been reached in response to Afghan and foreign experts. They had advised the new Government to replace the currency and reform Afghanistan’s banking system. “This will help in controlling the massive inflation and stabilize the economy. A survey was conducted with a pre-tested questionnaire among the common public in Kabul and Parwan’s main two provinces to collect their views on factors associated with demonetization in Afghanistan. PCA (Principal component analysis) technique has been used for factor extraction and dimension reduction using the Varimax orthogonal rotation. The top key factors related to the implementation of demonetization have been identified as socio-economic factors, public hardships, challenges, and implementation challenges. The survey data’s descriptive analysis shows that most survey respondents either ‘strongly agree’ or ‘agree’ with the 19 measures on perception and opinion of the common man (general public) on demonetization in Afghanistan.
The process of internationalization of higher education at Kharkiv national medical university under modern conditions
Authors: Astapieva O. M. , Starenkiy V. P. , Paskevych O. I. , Grushka G. V. , Fedulenkova J. Y. , Stepanov E. P. , Maksimishin O. V.
Published: November 2020

Background. Higher education internationalization is a process develop­ing at national, industry-specific and institutional levels, when the goals, functions and mechanism of providing educational services become inter­national in nature.

A distinctive feature of modern university education is a high rate of in­ternationalization and global introduction of teaching medical disciplines in English. International cooperation has been and remains one of the pri­orities of KNMU development. It is an integral part of the university life developing within the framework of the higher school of Ukraine in higher education world system.

Purpouse of the paper is to analyze higher medical education internation­alization development due to English medium at KNMU, new directions of improving teaching radiology and radiation medicine using modern in­novative technologies.

Material and methods. International work experience and pedagogi­cal and professional internships; experience of training foreign students of the authors as well as the teachers of others departments. The litera­ture sources and and information provided at KNMU official website have been used and analyzed.

Results. The necessary components of internationalization of teaching in English medium is a high level of English proficiency of university teaching personnel; sufficient material and technical resources; continuous training of teachers following and taking into account international teach­ing experience, participation in international educational conferences.

Conclusions. Higher education internationalization is an inevitable pro­cess developing at national, industry-specific and institutional levels; it implies that the goals, functions and mechanism of providing educa­tional services become international and have a high rate of international­ization and global implementation of teaching medical disciplines in Eng­lish medium.
Thyrotoxicosis. Clinical recommendations for diagnosis and treatment Part І
Authors: Pidchenko N. S.
Published: November 2020

Background. Currently submitted an increased rate of thyrotoxicosis, which is characterized by polyetiology, a variety of clinical manifestations and potential treatments. Appropriate treatment requires an accurate diag­nosis and depends on the comorbidities and preferences of the patient. The aim of the study was to consider the pathogenesis, clinical picture and di­agnosis of thyrotoxicosis.

Purpose. To highlight the key points of clinical guidelines on thyrotoxi­cosis diagnosis and treatment provided by the American Thyroid Associa­tion and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, US En­docrine Society dealing with diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases as well as the local clinical protocols of SO «Grigoriev Institute for Med­ical Radiology and Oncology of the National Academy of Medical Sci­ences of Ukraine».

Materials and methods. Based on the research in the electronic databases of last 5 years publications, which are included in the Cochrane Library, PUBMED and MEDLINE databases. Clinical guidelines are based on expert consensus and assessing the significance according to the interna­tional guideline of thyrotoxicosis.

Conclusions. Thyrotoxicosis treatment remains a challenging is­sue of modern internal medicine. Despite the existing numerous clini­cally proven protocols for the treatment of this pathology, the comorbid background of patients complicates following them. The implementa­tion of the provided protocol elements will make it possible to introduce the principles of a customized approach in thyrotoxicosis patients.
Morphological substantiation of radiomodification of preoperative radiotherapy in patients with advanced endometrial cancer
Authors: Mikhanovskij O. A. , Sukhina O. M. , Kharchenko Yu. V. , Shchyt N. M. , Fedorenko N. V. , Teplova M. A. , Moiseyenko Yu. A.
Published: November 2020

Relevance. Endometrial cancer ranks first among oncogynecological diseases, however, 5-year survival can be achieved only in 67,7 % of patients, while 22,4 % of patients die during this period from the con­tinuation of the tumor process. Therefore, improving the complex therapy of patients with EC is very important.

Purpose of the study. to investigate therapeutic pathomorphosis in pa­tients with advanced endometrial cancer with neoadjuvantchemoradiation therapy.

Materials and methods. In order to study radiation pathomorphosis, 26 patients with ER T1-3N0-1M0-1 were examined. Group I consisted of 11 patients with a preoperative course of external radiation therapy SOD 30 Gywithout radiomodification, II – 15 patients with a preoperative course of external radiation therapy SOD 30 Gywith radiomodification.

Results and its discussion. When conducting a comparative assessment of radiation pathomorphism in patients of the study groups, it was found that when using the preoperative course of TFD on Gy 30 with radiomodi­fication, a significant decrease in the mitotic index occurs. There is also a tendency to an increase in the degree of tumor regression, the number of pathological mitoses and stromal reactions during the preoperative course of TFD on 30 Gywith radiomodification.

Conclusions. It was found that radiation therapy with EС with radiomodi­fication gives a more positive effect and regression of more than 50,0 % of the tumor volume, a decrease in its biological potential. The volume of the damaged tumor was 58,0 %, and the volume of the residual tumor was 42,0 %, that is, most of the tumor mass underwent regression.
PROPOSTA DE INCLUSÃO DE ALUNO SURDO NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL REGULAR: ALGUMAS CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE AÇÃO DOCENTE
Authors: BATISTA Érika Regina Caporal Costa , ZANIOLO Leandro Osni
Published: November 2020

No Brasil, os movimentos históricos que impulsionaram as propostas de inclusão escolar das pessoas com deficiência, são relativamente recentes e mostram-se em constante (re) construção. Uma questão tida como principal diz respeito à formação de professores e o impacto que a ação docente pode representar para o êxito desse processo. Parece, portanto, necessário conhecer como se busca implementar uma proposta de inclusão no cotidiano escolar. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prática docente de três professoras frente à proposta de inclusão escolar de um aluno surdo no ensino fundamental regular, caracterizando as ações realizadas, por meio da observação do contexto de sala de aula e de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com as professoras. A análise dos dados, de natureza qualitativa, considerou fatores como a formação das professoras, a infra-estrutura oferecida pela escola, as concepções e ações que as professoras apresentaram relacionadas com a inclusão do aluno surdo. Os resultados indicam que questões que envolvem o ensino, a prática docente e as concepções relacionadas com a inclusão escolar, precisam ser identificadas, discutidas, analisadas e disponibilizadas aos profissionais da educação de forma a contribuir para uma prática docente mais coerente e eficaz. Foi evidenciado no estudo que as contradições do processo de inclusão escolar refletem os múltiplos sentidos conferidos pelas professoras ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem, a ponto de influenciar e, por vezes, determinar as ações docentes.