bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Waste to Carbon: Estimating the Energy Demand for Production of Carbonized Refuse-Derived Fuel
Authors: Stępień Paweł , Serowik Małgorzata , Koziel Jacek A. , Białowiec Andrzej
Published: October 2019

We have been advancing the concept of carbonized refuse-derived fuel (CRDF) by refuse-derived fuel (RDF) torrefaction as improved recycling to synergistically address the world’s energy demand. The RDF is a combustible fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW). Many municipalities recover RDF for co-firing with conventional fuels. Torrefaction can further enhance fuel properties and valorize RDF. Energy demand for torrefaction is one of the key unknowns needed for scaling up CRDF production. To address this need, a pioneering model for optimizing site-specific energy demand for torrefaction of mixed RDF materials was developed. First, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analyses were used to establish thermal properties for eight common RDF materials. Then, the model using the %RDF mix, empirical thermal properties, and torrefaction temperature was developed. The model results for individual RDF components fitted well (R2 ≥ 0.98) with experimental torrefaction data. Finally, the model was used to find an optimized RDF site-specific mixture with the lowest energy demand. The developed model could be a basis for estimating a net energy potential from the torrefaction of mixed RDF. Improved models could be useful to make plant-specific decisions to optimize RDF production based on the energy demand that depends on highly variable types of MSW and RDF streams.
The Effect of Sport Involvement on Support for Mega Sport Events: Why Does It Matter
Authors: Kim Changwook , Kaplanidou Kyriaki
Published: October 2019

For residents of a city that hosts a mega sport event, sport involvement can be associated with their perceptions of the impacts and quality of life (QoL) gained from that event. The attributes of mega sport events, with multiple sports in one competition, are linked with the level of residents’ sport involvement, specifically their interest in and identification with sports, which can foster more positive perceptions and enhance the anticipated QoL from the games. Despite the importance of sport involvement on the support for a mega sport event, most studies have mainly focused on how perceptions of the impact from the event influence support based on social exchange theory (SET). Hence, this study examined how sport involvement affected the relationships among impact perceptions, QoL, and support for the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to examine the hypotheses in the proposed model, using a sample of 301 Korean residents. The results revealed that sport involvement had a positive effect on event impact perceptions and QoL, which, in turn, significantly influenced support for the Olympic Games in the pre-stage. The study suggests that sport involvement can leverage support for a mega sport event through the creation of positive perceptions of the impacts of the event.
Green Infrastructure Solutions to Health Impacts of Climate Change: Perspectives of Affected Residents in Detroit, Michigan, USA
Authors: Carmichael Christine , Danks Cecilia , Vatovec Christine
Published: October 2019

Cities worldwide are incorporating green infrastructure to mitigate climate change and achieve health cobenefits. However, green infrastructure projects are often distributed inequitably based on race and class. Residents’ perspectives are necessary to develop and enact effective and equitable ‘green’ strategies to address climate change and its health impacts. This study reports findings from interviews and ethnographic observations with diverse residents of Detroit, Michigan, USA, who have experience with both green infrastructure projects and intense weather events (flooding). Residents expressed widespread support for green infrastructure solutions, while also sharing concerns about unintended health consequences from unsatisfactory governance of green spaces and climate change itself. Residents also held differing perspectives regarding their responsibility for, and capacity to enact, these solutions compared to businesses, city government, and nonprofit organizations. These findings illuminate key factors that city governments and partnering institutions should incorporate into planning processes with residents to achieve greater environmental justice through green infrastructure strategies to mitigate climate change and related health impacts.
Green Façade Effects on Thermal Environment in Transitional Space: Field Measurement Studies and Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Lin Hankun , Xiao Yiqiang , Musso Florian , Lu Yao
Published: October 2019

High-density urban development areas have several problems associated with them, such as the formation of urban heat islands, traffic noise, and air pollution. To minimize these problems, the green façades (GFs), which are used to guide climbing plants to grow vertically on building facade, are focused on by researchers and architects. This study focuses on GF application strategies and their optimizations for thermal comfort in a transitional space in a hot-humid climate. First, field measurements were collected from GF projects located in Guangzhou, China, in summer 2017. Second, a simulation method using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to investigate the thermal effects of the GF’s foliage. Finally, seven GF typologies and one unshaded comparison model were used for simulations in three scenarios with south, east, and west orientations and compared to evaluate the effects of GFs on the thermal environment of the transitional space. The results of field measurements reveal that the GF reduced average Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) by 2.54 °C, and that of CFD simulations reveal that three typologies of GFs are more effective in regulating the thermal environment in the summer. The results of this research provide support for further studies on the thermal effectiveness and design options of GFs for human comfort.
The Rise of Border Areas in an Integrated Region of China
Authors: Li Minsheng , Chen Haohui , Huang Yaofu , Huang Meiyu
Published: October 2019

Increasing economic integration between countries has spurred the rapid growth of border areas. However, whether city-level boundary areas can benefit from regional integrations within one regime is unknown. Along with growing numbers of integrated regions in developing economies, especially in China, understanding the extent to which geographic growth and location conditions play roles in the process is of great importance. Therefore, this study used night-time light data between 2013 and 2018 to investigate the growth patterns of different parts of the highly integrated Pearl River Delta (PRD) of China. The results showed that border areas, especially those with emerging economies, grew faster than city centers during the study period. Moreover, we built ordinary least square (OLS) regression and spatial econometrics models to understand how location conditions across the two cities affected the growth process. The models showed that the urbanization levels across the two cities had inverted U-shaped effects on the growth of border areas. The social security costs also exhibited negative effects. The study findings can help policymakers better understand emerging growth areas and, accordingly, deploy appropriate policies to overcome the obstacles to the integration process and ensure equity in development opportunities.
Sustainable Public Procurement—External Forces and Accountability
Authors: Vluggen Rob , Gelderman Cees J. , Semeijn Janjaap , van Pelt Marc
Published: October 2019

Public agencies feel the need to advance sustainability and use procurement as an instrument to do so. Many studies focused on internal forces, explaining the limited success of sustainable public procurement. This study focused on how external forces are able to hold municipalities accountable for sustainable procurement. Three mid-sized Dutch municipalities were investigated through an extensive document study and 34 semi-structured interviews. The results show minor legal pressure to enforce sustainable procurement. National legislation, guidelines and principles are considered non-binding, due to a lack of penalties in the case of non-compliance. Real pressure stems from lobbying by branch organizations and political pressure initiated by citizens. In contrast with the New Public Management principles, municipalities appear to place more emphasis on legal and financial accountability, in contrast to performance accountability. Accountants mainly focus on legitimacy and the finance department only monitors spending within budget. The hybrid organization of the procurement function seems to impede sustainability development. Only the larger projects are subject to sustainability requirements, set by centralized purchasing departments. Smaller projects, responsible for 2/3 of the total spend are managed by decentralized groups, remaining under the radar of sustainability policies.
Social-Ecological Resilience as Practice: A Household Perspective from Agua Blanca (Ecuador)
Authors: Ruiz-Ballesteros Esteban , Ramos-Ballesteros Paulino
Published: October 2019

Within a social-ecological system (SES), households develop specific practices, the logics of which are not derived directly or exclusively from higher levels (community, social-ecological system). This article advocates paying closer attention to this micro level of social-ecological analysis in order to gain a better understanding of the SES dynamic and its resilience. It explores the links between the functioning of the SES and human agency by means of a household approach (economic strategies, collective participation). To illustrate this proposal, an ethnographic case study was conducted in Agua Blanca, a community in Ecuador. The evolution and current situation of the SES, its desirability and the factors that support its resilience, as well as the practices of the most recently formed households, are analysed. This analytical proposal affords a more consistent understanding of the heterogeneous social-ecological interactions within an SES (plasticity), showing how resilience is inherently linked to practices. For this purpose, ethnographic methodology offers an outstanding tool.
Culture and Tourism in Porto City Centre: Conflicts and (Im)Possible Solutions
Authors: Gusman Inês , Chamusca Pedro , Fernandes José , Pinto Jorge
Published: October 2019

City centres are spaces where different economic and cultural values converge as a consequence of their current uses and functions. In the case of Porto (Portugal), more than 20 years after being declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO (in 1996), tourism has had remarkable effects on its physical, social and economic features. Therefore, Porto—and in particular its city centre—is taken in this article as the object of study. The interest of this space lies in the fact that it has been rapidly transformed from a devalued old area into the centre of an important urban tourism destination on a European level. Based on the spatial and temporal analysis of a set of indicators related to tourism, housing and economic activity, we identify the main threats that this “culture-led regeneration”—much supported by tourism—could have on the cultural values of Porto. Our results show that this process is promoting an excessive use of space by tourism and an overexploitation of cultural values. We conclude with some policy recommendations to support strategies capable of keeping cultural values alive, which we consider sustainable compromises between heritage and modernization.
An Improved Pigeon-Inspired Optimisation Algorithm and Its Application in Parameter Inversion
Authors: Liu Hanmin , Yan Xuesong , Wu Qinghua
Published: October 2019

Pre-stack amplitude variation with offset (AVO) elastic parameter inversion is a nonlinear, multi-solution optimisation problem. The techniques that combine intelligent optimisation algorithms and AVO inversion provide an effective identification method for oil and gas exploration. However, these techniques also have shortcomings in solving nonlinear geophysical inversion problems. The evolutionary optimisation algorithms have recognised disadvantages, such as the tendency of convergence to a local optimum resulting in poor local optimisation performance when dealing with multimodal search problems, decreasing diversity and leading to the prematurity of the population as the number of evolutionary iterations increases. The pre-stack AVO elastic parameter inversion is nonlinear with slow convergence, while the pigeon-inspired optimisation (PIO) algorithm has the advantage of fast convergence and better optimisation characteristics. In this study, based on the characteristics of the pre-stack AVO elastic parameter inversion problem, an improved PIO algorithm (IPIO) is proposed by introducing the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm, an inverse factor, and a Gaussian factor into the PIO algorithm. The experimental comparisons indicate that the proposed IPIO algorithm can achieve better inversion results.
Approximation of a Linear Autonomous Differential Equation with Small Delay
Authors: Fehér Áron , Márton Lorinc , Pituk Mihály
Published: October 2019

A linear autonomous differential equation with small delay is considered in this paper. It is shown that under a smallness condition the delay differential equation is asymptotically equivalent to a linear ordinary differential equation with constant coefficients. The coefficient matrix of the ordinary differential equation is a solution of an associated matrix equation and it can be written as a limit of a sequence of matrices obtained by successive approximations. The eigenvalues of the approximating matrices converge exponentially to the dominant characteristic roots of the delay differential equation and an explicit estimate for the approximation error is given.
Meningococcal Vaccine for Hajj Pilgrims: Compliance, Predictors, and Barriers
Authors: Badahdah Al-Mamoon , Alghabban Fatimah , Falemban Wajd , Albishri Abdullah , Rani Banik Gouri , Alhawassi Tariq , Abuelizz Hatem , Bakarman Marwan A. , Khatami Ameneh , Booy Robert , Rashid Harunor
Published: October 2019

Background: Major intercontinental outbreaks of invasive meningococcal disease associated with the Hajj occurred in 1987, 2000, and 2001. Mandatory meningococcal vaccination for all pilgrims against serogroups A and C and, subsequently, A, C, W, and Y controlled the epidemics. Overseas pilgrims show excellent adherence to the policy; however, vaccine uptake among domestic pilgrims is suboptimal. This survey aimed to evaluate meningococcal vaccine uptake among Hajj pilgrims and to identify key factors affecting this. Methods: An anonymous cross-sectional survey was conducted among pilgrims in Greater Makkah during the Hajj in 2017–2018. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, vaccination status, cost of vaccination, and reasons behind non-receipt of the vaccine were collected. Results: A total of 509 respondents aged 13 to 82 (median 33.8) years participated in the survey: 86% male, 85% domestic pilgrims. Only 389/476 (81.7%) confirmed their meningococcal vaccination status; 64 individuals (13.4%), all domestic pilgrims, did not receive the vaccine, and 23 (4.8%) were unsure. Among overseas pilgrims, 93.5% certainly received the vaccine (6.5% were unsure) compared to 80.9% of domestic pilgrims (p < 0.01). Being employed and having a tertiary qualification were significant predictors of vaccination adherence (odds ratio (OR) = 2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.3–3.8, p < 0.01; and OR = 1.7, CI = 1–2.5, p < 0.05, respectively). Those who obtained pre-Hajj health advice were more than three times as likely to be vaccinated than those who did not (OR = 3.3, CI = 1.9–5.9, p < 0.001). Lack of awareness (63.2%, 36/57) and lack of time (15.8%, 9/57) were the most common reasons reported for non-receipt of vaccine. Conclusion: Many domestic pilgrims missed the compulsory meningococcal vaccine; in this regard, lack of awareness is a key barrier. Being an overseas pilgrim (or living at a distance from Makkah), receipt of pre-Hajj health advice, and employment were predictors of greater compliance with the vaccination policy. Opportunities remain to reduce the policy–practice gap among domestic pilgrims.
PP2A Facilitates Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Replication by Deactivating irf3 and Limiting Type I Interferon Production
Authors: Xu Jiayu , Zhang Lu , Xu Yunfei , Zhang He , Gao Junxin , Wang Qian , Tian Zhijun , Xuan Lv , Chen Hongyan , Wang Yue
Published: October 2019

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a major serine/threonine phosphatase in mammalian cells, is known to regulate the kinase-driven intracellular signaling pathways. Emerging evidences have shown that the PP2A phosphatase functions as a bona-fide therapeutic target for anticancer therapy, but it is unclear whether PP2A affects a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. In the present study, we demonstrated for the first time that inhibition of PP2A activity by either inhibitor or small interfering RNA duplexes in target cells significantly reduced their susceptibility to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. Further analysis revealed that inhibition of PP2A function resulted in augmented production of type I interferon (IFN). The mechanism is that inhibition of PP2A activity enhances the levels of phosphorylated interferon regulatory factor 3, which activates the transcription of IFN-stimulated genes. Moreover, inhibition of PP2A activity mainly blocked PRRSV replication in the early stage of viral life cycle, after virus entry but before virus release. Using type I IFN receptor 2 specific siRNA in combination with PP2A inhibitor, we confirmed that the effect of PP2A on viral replication within target cells was an interferon-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that PP2A serves as a negative regulator of host cells antiviral responses and provides a novel therapeutic target for virus infection.
Productive Infection of Mouse Mammary Glands and Human Mammary Epithelial Cells by Zika Virus
Authors: Hubert Mathieu , Chiche Aurélie , Legros Vincent , Jeannin Patricia , Montange Thomas , Gessain Antoine , Ceccaldi Pierre-Emmanuel , Vidy Aurore
Published: October 2019

Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the large category of arboviruses. Surprisingly, several human-to-human transmissions of ZIKV have been notified, either following sexual intercourse or from the mother to fetus during pregnancy. Importantly, high viral loads have been detected in the human breast milk of infected mothers, and the existence of breastfeeding as a new mode of mother-to-child transmission of ZIKV was recently hypothesized. However, the maternal origin of infectious particles in breast milk is currently unknown. Here, we show that ZIKV disseminates to the mammary glands of infected mice after both systemic and local exposure with differential kinetics. Ex vivo, we demonstrate that primary human mammary epithelial cells were sensitive and permissive to ZIKV infection in this study. Moreover, by using in vitro models, we prove that mammary luminal- and myoepithelial-phenotype cell lines are both able to produce important virus progeny after ZIKV exposure. Our data suggest that the dissemination of ZIKV to the mammary glands and subsequent infection of the mammary epithelium could be one mechanism of viral excretion in human breast milk.
Simulation of Hydraulic Structures in 2D High-Resolution Urban Flood Modeling
Authors: Cui Yunsong , Liang Qiuhua , Wang Gang , Zhao Jiaheng , Hu Jinchun , Wang Yuehua , Xia Xilin
Published: October 2019

Urban flooding as a result of inadequate drainage capacity, failure of flood defenses, etc. is usually featured with highly transient hydrodynamics. Reliable and efficient prediction and forecasting of these urban flash floods is still a great technical challenge. Meanwhile, in urban environments, the flooding hydrodynamics and process may be influenced by flow regulation and flood protection hydraulic infrastructure systems, such as sluice gates, which should be effectively taken into account in an urban flood model. However, direct simulation of hydraulic structures is not a current practice in 2D urban flood modeling. This work aims to develop a robust numerical approach to directly simulate the effects of gate structures in a 2D high-resolution urban flood model. A new modeling component is developed and fully coupled to a finite volume Godunov-type shock-capturing shallow water model, to directly simulate the highly transient flood waves through hydraulic structures. Different coupling approaches, i.e., flux term coupling and source term coupling, are implemented and compared. A numerical experiment conducted for an analytical dam-break test indicates that the flux term coupling approach may lead to more accurate results, with the calculated RMSE against water level 28%–38% less than that produced by the source term coupling approach. The flux term coupling approach is therefore adopted to improve the current urban flood model, and it is further tested by reproducing the laboratory experiments of flood routing in a flume with partially open sluice gates, conducted in the hydraulic laboratory at the Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics and Estuary, China. The numerical results are compared favorably with experimental measurements, with a maximum RMSE of 0.0851 for all the individual tests. The satisfactory results demonstrate that the flood model implemented with the flux coupling approach is able to accurately simulate the flow through hydraulic structures, with enhanced predictive capability for urban flood modeling.
Causal Inference of Optimal Control Water Level and Inflow in Reservoir Optimal Operation Using Fuzzy Cognitive Map
Authors: Liu Yi , Zhou Jianzhong , He Zhongzheng , Lu Chengwei , Jia Benjun , Qin Hui , Feng Kuaile , He Feifei , Liu Guangbiao
Published: October 2019

Reservoir optimal operation (ROO) has always been a hot issue in the field of water resources management. Analysis of the relationship of optimal control water level and inflow is conducive to understanding and solving ROO under deterministic inflow conditions. The current research uses a fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) as a tool to effectively model complex systems and then extracts systematic relationship diagrams from the dataset. A new fuzzy cognitive map with offset (FCM-O) is proposed to overcome the causal inference error caused by non-linear mapping of the activation function in a traditional FCM. With the application of inferring the causal relationship between the optimal control water level and inflow of ROO for the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), the experimental results show that, compared with FCM in the min data error, FCM-O reduces 11.11% and 7.14% in the training and the testing, respectively. Also, the experimental results of FCM-O are more reasonable than those of FCM. Finally, the following conclusions about the causal inference of optimal control water level and inflow in ROO for TGR are drawn: (1) The optimal control water level in September, October and November needs to be raised as much as possible to raise the water head of power generation, which is mainly affected by the constraints of the maximum operating water level of the reservoir rather than inflow; (2) the optimal control water level in January, February and March is positively affected by the inflow of the adjacent months; (3) the optimal control water level in April is due to the approaching flood season. In order to prevent water discarding, the water level is low and the optimum operation space is small. All of those shows that FCM-O is more competent than FCM in the causal relationship between optimal control water level and inflow in ROO.
МОЛОЧНАЯПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬКОРОВНОВЫХСЕМЕЙСТВШВИЦКОЙПОРОДЫ
Authors: ASHIROV M.I. , NASIRDINOV E.N. , ASHIROV B.M. , BAHRIDDINOV F.B.
Published: October 2019

В результате многолетней научнопрактической работы в племенном стаде выведены новые семейства швицкой породы. Коровы этих семейств в 3 поколениях характеризуются высоким удоем молока, жирномолочностью, выраженным молочным типом, долголетием и другими ценными селекционными признаками. Удой у дочерей родоначальниц составил 42717896 кг молока жирностью 3,954,26, внучек 49358537 кг и 4,04,30, правнучек 35095528 кг и 3,974,25. Коровы новых семейств проявили хорошую воспроизводительную способность и даже за 12 лактацию давали по теленку в год. Разведение скота с учетом семейств способствует повышению темпов качественного совершенствования швицкой породы.

As a result of many years of scientific and practical work in the breeding experimental herd, new families bred of the Shvits breeds have been brought out. Cows of new families in three generations are characterized by high milk yield, fatty milk, pronounced milk type, longevity and other valuable breeding characteristics. Milk by the daughters of the ancestor was 42717896 kg of milk with fat content of 3.954.26, granddaughters 49358537 kg and 4.04.30, greatgranddaughters 35095528 kg and 3.974.25 Cows of new families showed good reproductive ability and even for 12 lactation was given per calf per year. Livestock breeding, taking into account the families, contributes to an improvement of the rate of qualitative improvement of the breed.
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПИЩЕВОГО БЕЛКОВО-ЖИРОВОГО БАЛАНСА И СТРАТЕГИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЖИВОТНОВОДСТВА
Authors: CHINAROV V.I.
Published: October 2019

В 2018 году дефицит белка и жиров животного происхождения в питании населения России составил 11,8 и 5,5, соответственно. Продолжает оставаться высокой импортозависимость по белку животного происхождения на уровне 10,3, по животным жирам 8,8. Интенсификация развития животноводства соответствует стратегической цели социального развития и повышения жизненного уровня населения нашей страны на ближайшую и отдаленную перспективы. В соответствии с Доктриной продовольственной безопасности взят курс на наиболее полное обеспечение и улучшение структуры питания людей за счет роста потребления ценной в питательном отношении молочномясной продукции собственного производства. Россия располагает всеми необходимыми условиями и имеет реальные предпосылки полностью решить проблему обеспечения населения животными жирами и пищевым белком животного происхождения, но с каждым годом усложняется ситуация с трудовыми ресурсами на селе.

In 2018, the deficit of protein and animal fats at the diet of Russian population was 11.8 and 5.5, respectively. High import dependence on animal protein remains at the level of 10.3, and on animal fats 8.8. Intensification of animal husbandry corresponds to the strategy of social development and improvement of living standards of countryside population in near and longterm period. In accordance with the Food Security Doctrine it was taken the course on the most complete provision and improving the structure of peoples diet due to increasing in the consumption of valuable dairy and meat products of own production. Our country has all the necessary conditions and has real prerequisites for fully solving the problem of providing the population with animal fats and protein, but every year the situation with the labor resources in rural areas becomes more complicated.
РОСТ И РАЗВИТИЕ ТЕЛОК ГОРСКОГО СКОТА И ПОМЕСЕЙ С РУССКОЙ КОМОЛОЙ В ДАГЕСТАНЕ
Authors: SADYKOV M.M. , ALIKHANOV M.P. , SIMONOV A.G. , SIMONOV G.A.
Published: October 2019

Изучены рост и развитие телок помесей горского скота с русской комолой породой в горной зоне Республики Дагестан. Доказана эффективность использования высокогорных пастбищ крупным рогатым скотом. Установлено, что молодняк помесных животных по сравнению с аборигенным скотом имеет более высокую живую массу при рождении на 1,2 кг, или на 6,9. При отъеме в 8месячном возрасте помесные телки имели живую массу 156 кг против 140 кг у аборигенного горского молодняка, что на 16 кг, или 11,4 больше. В 12, 15 и 18месячном возрасте живая масса помесных телок составляла 220,2 кг, 267 и 321,4 кг, соответственно, или на 27,1 кг, 36,4 и 45,1 кг больше по сравнению с горским скотом. Среднесуточные приросты помесного молодняка в среднем за период выращивания телок составили 556 г против 475 г, то есть они были выше на 17 по сравнению с горскими аборигенными телками. Промеры статей телосложения животных тоже были в пользу помесных. Высота в холке у помесей достигала в возрасте 8 мес 85,3 см, в 12 106,5 и в 18 мес 110,5 см, а у аборигенных телок горского скота высота в холке была значительно ниже по сравнению с помесями и составляла 79,8 см, 93,4 и 103,8 см, соответственно. В 18месячном возрасте телки горского скота уступали по высоте в холке помесям на 6,7 см, или на 6,4. Исследования свидетельствуют об эффективном использовании высокогорных пастбищ Дагестана помесным скотом. Такой подход к ведению мясного скотоводства в условиях горной зоны Республики Дагестан позволит увеличить производство дешевой и высококачественной говядины.

Growth and development of hill cattle heifers and their cross breeds with Polled Russian breed are researched. Efficiency of utilizing mountain grass is proved. It is ascertained that cross breed young stock live weight at birth exceeds that of native ones by 1,2 kg or 6,9. Cross breed heifers at ablactation had live weight of 156 kg at 8month age versus 140 kg of native ones, which is 16 kg or 11,4 higher. Live weight of 12, 15, and 18month cross breed heifers was 220,2 kg, 267 kg, and 321,4 kg, respectively, which is 27,1 kg, 36,4 kg, and 45,1 kg greater in comparison with mountain cattle. Average daily gain of cross breed animals was 556 g versus 475 g, which is 81 g or 17 higher in comparison with mountain heifers. Shoulder height of cross breed heifers was at the age of 8 months 85,3 cm, 12 months 106,5 cm, and 18 months 110,5 cm, while mountain cattle height was sufficiently lower in comparison with cross breeds and was 79,8 cm, 93,4 cm, and 103,8 cm, respectively. At the age of 18 months mountain heifers were inferior to cross breeds by 6,7 cm of shoulder height, which is 6,4. The study reveals high efficiency of utilizing Dagestan mountain grass by cross breed cattle. Such approach to beef cattle farming provides for increase of cheap and high quality beef production.
ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ЛИЗОЦИМА И ГАММА-АМИНОМАСЛЯНОЙ КИСЛОТЫ В КОРМЛЕНИИ ТЕЛЯТ
Authors: KUZNETSOV A.S.
Published: October 2019

В статье представлены данные применения препаратов, содержащих лизоцим и гаммааминомасляную кислоту (ГАМК), на телятах с целью повышения продуктивности и профилактики заболеваний. Лизоцим и ГАМК выбраны в связи с тем, что телята в большей степени подвержены влиянию стрессов, что негативно сказывается на их развитии и продуктивности. Данные по применению ГАМК свидетельствуют об увеличении среднесуточных приростов на 911,1 за счет повышения стрессоустойчивости, что отражается на большем потреблении корма, снижении случаев заболеваний. Использование лизоцима позволяет повысить иммунитет телят, что положительно сказывается на их продуктивности. Свойства лизоцима и ГАМК позволяют совместно использовать их для повышения стрессоустойчивости и улучшения иммунитета телят.

The article presents data on the use of feed additives containing lysozyme and gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA) on calves to increase productivity and prevent disease. Lysozyme and GABA were chosen as calves are more susceptible to stress, which negatively affects their development. Data on the use of GABA indicate an increase in average daily growth by 911.1 since stress resistance increases, for this reason calves eat more feed and fewer cases of disease. The use of lysozyme can increase the immunity of calves, which positively affects their productivity. Lysozyme and GABA can be used together to increase stress resistance and improve calf immunity.
COOPERATIVE LEARNING IN EVENT MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF EDVENTURE OF BEAUTY & THE BEAST
Authors: Daud Siti Hafizah , M.Zin Mashita , Yusof Myzatul Zeiha
Published: October 2019

Event management education has emerged as an alternative to the related disciplines of business, tourism, and hospitality. Numerous courses offered in the area of event management have raised questions on the employability of graduates in requiring the students to be employed in the industry. This article explores a study offering a multifaceted perspective on the requisite skills and abilities students perceive to be associated with event management employment. By employing students’ experiences and perspectives over the individual leadership and soft skills. This study employed 64 structured questionnaires and students’ individual reflections. Based on the findings, the respondents agreed that positive feedback on teamwork and communication skills, project management, ability to perform and personal attitudes are significant in organizing an event. For soft skills, the study found that communication, teamwork, creative thinking, time management, event management, and management are the skills needed to be improved in the future.
THE EFFECTS OF CAPTIONED VIDEOS ON PRIMARY ESL LEARNERS’ VOCABULARY ACQUISITION IN A MALAYSIAN RURAL SETTING
Authors: Hariffin Azman , Mohd Said Nur Ehsan
Published: October 2019

ESL instructors across the world acknowledge the importance of vocabulary among their students which led them to experiment with many teaching approaches and language stimuli to find ones that are effective. In line with global technological advancement, the captioned video has become a key stimulus in facilitating vocabulary acquisition among second language learners. The use of technology is highly encouraged in the Malaysian education system to promote meaningful and active learning to accommodate, particularly, the young learners’ needs. By using highly interactive and visually stimulating materials, Malaysian teachers are expected to improve the alarmingly low proficiency in English among primary school learners. This study aims to investigate the effects of captioned videos on English vocabulary involving 44 participants of Year Four (age 10) and Year Five (age 11) at a rural school in Kapit, Sarawak. Using a pre-test-post-test quasi-experimental research design, the participants were divided into a treatment group and a control group. The data were analyzed using SPSS and it was demonstrated that participants from the treatment group outperformed the control group which suggests the effectiveness of captioned videos on vocabulary acquisition in an ESL setting. The results of the study serve as empirical evidence to guide policymakers in their professional decisions and as insights to other ESL practitioners in expanding their teaching repertoire.
MOOC INITIATIVE: A TECHNOLOGY ENHANCED LEARNING IN 21 CENTURY AT HIGHER LEARNING INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Haron Hafiza , Hussin Supyan , Mohd Yusof Ahmad Rizal , Yusof Hafidzan
Published: October 2019

eLearning is a medium which is commonly implemented to provide learning module between instructor and learner through distance. In this era of digital technology, learning should be simplified, practical and can be provided in a holistic manner. eLearning is cost-effective as compared to traditional forms of learning. The reason for this price reduction is because learning through this mode happens quickly and easily. A lot of training time is reduced with respect to trainers, travel, course materials, and accommodation. Surprisingly, most institutions provide the method of distance learning instead of a physical classroom or face-to-face as a modern strategy in the learning environment. But yet, institutions need to prepare all sorts of things in order to take the challenges. In Malaysia, the MOOC initiative has been implemented a few years ago as a blended learning method and continued until now especially in Higher Learning Institutions. The technology of MOOC has sparkling the learning concept into a very interesting medium of learning between learner and instructor. Thus, the Khan eight-dimensional framework has been applied in this study in order to discuss the MOOC initiatives, including the brief history of MOOC, technological structure and learning design as a new technology for enhanced learning in the 21st century and beyond.
SOLVING DUAL FUZZY NONLINEAR EQUATIONS VIA MODIFIED STIRLING’S METHOD
Authors: Umar A. O , Mamat M , Waziri M.Y
Published: October 2019

Stirling’s method is a root-finding method designed to approximate a locally unique fixed point and cannot be used to solve fuzzy nonlinear equations. In this paper, we present a modified Stirling’s method for solving dual fuzzy nonlinear equations. The fuzzy coefficient is presented in parametric form. Numerical results on some benchmark problems indicate that the proposed method is efficient.
ECONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS OF INVESTMENT IN BIOENERGETIC CULTURE GROWING
IN THE ZONES OF FOREST OF UKRAINE
Authors: Humentyk Mykhaylo , Hayda Yuriy , Fuchylo Yaroslav
Published: October 2019

Introduction. One of the most promising areas of renewable energy development is the use of biomass energy. It contributes to the economy of traditional fuels and does not increase the global greenhouse effect. However, insufficient economic efficiency of obtaining energy from biomass under the current conditions necessitates the state's "paternalism" to the bioenergy industry.
Purpose. The article aims to carry out an economic assessment of the effectiveness of investing in the cultivation of highly productive energy crops (giant miscanthus and energy willow) using modern technologies under the conditions of the Ukrainian forest-steppe.
Method. The research was conducted during 2012-2016 on the basis of experimental energy plantations in Ternopil, Volyn and Kyiv oblasts. The assessment of the effectiveness of investment in bioenergy crops is based on a set of criteria: net discounted profit (NPV), investment profitability index (PI), internal rate of return (IRR), discounted payback period (DPP).
Results. It has been established that on plantations of willow, the volume of dry biomass on average over the five-year period of research amounted to 27,3 t · ha-1, and to the miscanthus - 25,3 t · ha-1. Accordingly, the energy output per unit area was somewhat higher in energy willow (573.3 GJ · ha-1 versus 516.2 GJ · ha-1). Willow and miscanthus are characterized by high-energy coefficients compared with other bioenergy crops, which can reach values 54.3 and 55. It indicates the significant energy efficiency of investing in the cultivation of these crops. The analysis of the sensitivity of bioenergy projects has found out that the most significant NPV investment in the plantation of the miscanthus can be influenced by the volatility of the productivity of the crop, the price of biofuels and planting material, and for the willow plantation - fluctuations in the yield of biomass, its price and discount rate. The estimation of the investment efficiency in the bio-energy plantations of the miscanthus and willows has revealed the need to work out state programs of financial support for the creation of plantations of bioenergy crops and legislative mechanisms for their implementation.
INTERACTION SYSTEM OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT COMPONENTS IN
REGIONAL PROGRAMMING
Authors: Tarasenko Denys
Published: October 2019

The essence of regional programming is considered in the article. The content and conditions of interaction between the main components of sustainable development are established. The purpose of the article is to depict the peculiarities of the interaction between components of sustainable development while programming the regional social and economic development and to form the proposals for improvement of this process. Results. The main program documents of social and economic development have been analysed on the example of a specific region. The peculiarities of the sustainable development goals application, which are adapted to Ukrainian conditions, have been studied. The list of measures, which have a dualistic influence nature on the social, economic and environmental spheres of sustainable development, has been analysed. The problematic issues of the sustainable development provision implementation have been defined. The proposals for further improvement of the implementation process requirements for sustainable development into the regional programming practice have been made. It has been determined that the regional programming process requires the full consideration of the main methodological foundations of sustainable development in the program documents of the territorial units. It has also requires the balancing of the ecological, economic and social components through the interaction strengthening between them via the wide introduction of measures that simultaneously have a positive impact in several areas of social development.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF BUDGET DECENTRALIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REFORMS IN UKRAINE
Authors: BONDARUK Taisiia , VINNYTSKA Oksana , DUBYNA Maksym
Published: October 2019

Introduction.The urgency of studying theoretical foundations of budget decentralization for Ukraine is conditioned by the necessity of developing an effective scheme of macroeconomic regulation of social and economic processes in the context of decentralization. The process of social and economic development in Ukraine on a democratic and legal basis is impossible without increasing the role of the local self-government. Decentralization is one of the main motive forces in reforming self-government today.

The purposeis deepening theoretical and methodological principles of budget decentralization and theoretical aspects of budget decentralization with the definition of its influence on processes of state regulation in Ukraine.

Results.It is substantiated that in modern science theoretical aspects of decentralization are considered in relation to its types. The classification of decentralization types is carried out depending on their characteristics: financial (fiscal) one is the process of distribution of functions, financial resources and responsibility for their use between central and local levels of management; budget one, in the broadest sense, is the division of responsibility between authorities of different levels (including national governments, regional authorities and local self-government bodies) with the management of budgetary resources; in the narrow sense it is the presence of certain functions and powers at the local level, autonomy of local authorities in making independent decisions in the fiscal sphere.

Conclusions.It is substantiated that budget and financial decentralization considerably influences the formation of local budgets. It is found that the decentralization course shows both prospects and problems of the Ukrainian development. Grouping the main benefits and positive effects of decentralization is carried out. The research analysis made it possible to establish that decentralization may have the risks and dangers grouped in the article.
PROBLEMS FINANCING OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN UKRAINE
Authors: KARPYSHYN Natalia
Published: October 2019

Introduction. The study of the current state of financing of environmental protection and the identification of the most significant problems and the ways of their solution is extremely a topical issue of modern financial science.

Purpose is monitoring of the current state of financial provision of environmental protection in order to identify the most significant problems and propose ways of their solution, taking into account the domestic practice and the experience of European countries.

Results. In 2016 the costs of environmental protection in Ukraine amounted to 32,5 billion UAH (excluding VAT) or 1,25 billion dollars. The largest share in the structure of these expenditures was made up by own funds of enterprises and organizations (68%), funds of state and local budgets were 6% and other sources of financing were 26,1%. Almost 70% of enterprise funds were used on waste water treatment and on waste management (including the processing of low-level radioactive waste, garbage composting, recycling). An extremely small amount of money was used to clean the air and climate change. The main tax, which has a special purpose and is the main budgetary source of financing of the environmental protection, is an environmental tax. Income instability of environmental tax revenues in the Consolidated Budget of Ukraine has been observed. Also chronic underperformance of the environmental tax revenues plan was in 2016 (33%), and in 2017 (24,8%). Expenditures of the consolidated budget on environmental protection in 2017 amounted to 7,3 billion UAH. The largest share of budget funds was spent on the needs of the exclusion zone in Chornobyl and on the operation of the state water management complex and water resources management. Only UAH 246,7 million was spent directly on environmental protection measures, which is an extremely insignificant amount, which is not enough to solve the existing environmental problems in the country.

Conclusion. The main directions of improvement of financial provision of environmental protection in Ukraine:
– to improve the efficiency of the current environmental tax;
– to introduce new environmental taxes and taxes;
– to ensure the targeted use of all ecological payments that come to the budgets;
– to increase the efficiency of the use of environmental funds;
– to change the method of calculation of fines for violation of environmental legislation;
– to develop a system of preferential taxation for economic entities that use non-waste, resource-saving technologies.
ILLICIT MARKET FOR TOBACCO AND ALCOHOL IN UKRAINE: METHOD OF STATISTICAL EVALUATION
Authors: Korotun Volodymyr , Novytska Nadiia , Khlebnikova Inna
Published: October 2019

Introduction. Illegal trade in alcoholic beverages / tobacco products deprives the state of tax revenues and increases the availability of such excisable goods around the world, undermining the goals of social policy. In this regard, the most urgent issue is the introduction and implementation of effective control strategies for the circulation of such goods based on the assessment of their illegal circulation. Accordingly, the urgent issue is the development of a methodology for assessing such illegal circulation and its use in the practice of fiscal authorities, it will allow obtaining information on the volume of non-receipt of excise tax and the effectiveness of controls on illegal circulation. Proceeding from the peculiarities of the development of the alcohol and tobacco segments of the excisable goods market in Ukraine, the authors of the article have developed and proposed a Methodology for assessing the illegal circulation of such excisable goods, it involves the use of macro methods, in particular, the method for estimating the implementation and method of estimating tax revenue losses. The source data base of the Methodology was provided by the official statistics of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the United Nations Trade Commerce Statistics Database, WHO data and the Second Global Adult Tobacco Survey.

The purpose of the article is a development of methodology for statistical estimation of the volumes and share of illicit market for tobacco and alcohol and tax gap from such treatment.

Results. The proposed methodology consists of four stages, which provide for the determination of the volume of consumption of alcoholic beverages / tobacco products and their sales in the retail chain; trade gap and adjusting the volume of sales of cigarettes in the retail chain; volumes and shares of illegal circulation; the tax break and its share in total tax revenues. Conclusionof the evaluation of the illegal circulation of alcoholic beverages and tobacco products according to the Methodology is indicate about the significant part of them from the legal market of such excisable goods, which was made up 36% for alcoholic beverages on average for 2012–2016, and for tobacco products in the scenario, adjustment of sales volume for trade the gap was 19,3%, in the scenario without adjustment was 13,1%. In turn, the share of losses of excise tax and VAT receipts from illegal circulation of alcoholic beverages / tobacco products was 4,8% in total tax revenues during the analyzed period in the first scenario and in the second scenario was 4,4%.