bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“That’s Definitely a Red Flag”: Sexual Violence Risk Perception by Men who have Sex with Men Using Dating and Sexual Networking Apps
Authors: Korovich Megan , Nicoletti Alexandra , Bettinelli Marta , Shank Faith , Angelone D. J. , Jones Meredith C.
Published: December 2024

Sexual violence (SV) victimization is a growing concern for men who have sex with men (MSM), given their high risk for SV relative to heterosexual peers. MSM frequently utilize dating and sexual networking (DSN) apps to meet potential partners, which also puts them at a higher risk of victimization. Understanding the connection between DSN apps and SV victimization for MSM can inform the development of prevention interventions. The aim of this study was to examine partner characteristics MSM perceive as associated with SV risk on DSN apps. We conducted two virtual semi-structured focus groups with 14 MSM between the ages of 18 and 30. Group facilitators queried participants about their experiences with DSN apps and attributes of potentially risky partners. Three levels of perceived SV risk cues emerged as primary themes: yellow flags (attributes used to determine continued engagement), orange flags (caution or warning signs), and red flags (clear indications of danger). MSM described how they use these “flags” to evaluate SV risk when considering whether to interact with potential partners on DSN apps. Future research should assess whether these attributes are indeed associated with SV perpetration and whether strengthening skills for safely navigating DSN app interactions can reduce victimization for MSM.
To Explain or Not To Explain: An Empirical Investigation of AI-based Recommendations on Social Media Platforms
Authors: Haque AKM Bahalul , Islam Najmul , Mikalef Patrick
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence integration into social media recommendations has significant promise for enhancing user experience. Frequently, however, suggestions fail to align with users’ preferences and result in unfavorable encounters. Furthermore, the lack of transparency in the social media recommendation system gives rise to concerns regarding its impartiality, comprehensibility, and interpretability. This study explores social media content recommendation from the perspective of end users. To facilitate our analysis, we conducted an exploratory investigation involving users of Facebook, a widely used social networking platform. We asked participants about the comprehensibility and explainability of suggestions for social media content. Our analysis shows that users mostly want explanations when encountering unfamiliar content and wish to be informed about their data privacy and security. Furthermore, users favor concise, non-technical, categorical representations of explanations along with the facility of controlled information flow. We observed that explanations impact users’ perception of the social media platform’s transparency, trust, and understandability. In this work, we have outlined design implications related to explainability and presented a synthesized framework of how various explanation attributes impact user experience. In addition, we proposed another synthesized framework for end user inclusion in designing an explainable interactive user interface.
Representation theorems for normed modules
Authors: Marino Simone Di , Lučić Danka , Pasqualetto Enrico
Published: December 2024

In this paper we study the structure theory of normed modules, which have been introduced by Gigli. The aim is twofold: to extend von Neumann’s theory of liftings to the framework of normed modules, thus providing a notion of precise representative of their elements; to prove that each separable normed module can be represented as the space of sections of a measurable Banach bundle. By combining our representation result with Gigli’s differential structure, we eventually show that every metric measure space (whose Sobolev space is separable) is associated with a cotangent bundle in a canonical way.
A multifield discrete element model for concrete
Authors: Flack Christian , Dinkler Dieter
Published: December 2024

A novel multifield modeling concept for concrete on the mesoscale is presented, based on the discrete element method (DEM) coupled with a pore-network model (PNM). This incorporates mechanical, thermal, and chemical fields. Spherical particles with realistic size distributions are employed to represent aggregates that are bonded together. The Voronoi tessellation is employed to generate the mechanical bonds, the thermal pipes, and the pore network. Process zones are introduced at each face of the Voronoi cells to handle chemical reactions as well as the interlink between mechanical and transport processes. A brief description and verification of each model component is provided. Finally, a coupled simulation of sulfate attack is conducted, demonstrating the capabilities of the presented model using a powerful tool for mesoscale investigations.
N-Doped Quantum Dots Promote Rice Germination and Enhance Its Drought Tolerance at Seedling Stage
Authors: Mickky Bardees M.
Published: December 2024

The current study aimed to synthesize nitrogen-doped quantum dots (NQDs) and to study their effect on germination and drought tolerance of two rice cultivars (Sakha Super 300 and Sakha 108) at seedling stage. Microwave-assisted carbonization of glucose in presence of ammonia was followed to obtain NQDs that were characterized by spectral analysis, FTIR, electron microscopy, zetametry, elemental analysis and cytotocicty assessment. Grains of the two rice cultivars were primed in NQDs then germination rate and seedling growth parameters were determined under control and polyethylene glycol-induced drought. Also, the effect of grain priming on membrane features, activity of antioxidant enzymes, H2O2 content and the amount of some drought responsive metabolites was evaluated. The formed NQDs possessed blue luminescence under UV radiation with absorption peak at 275 nm. These NQDs had plenty of hydrophilic oxygen-containing groups with various C–N bonds. NQDs had an average size of 9.4 nm, zeta potential of -16.8 mV, O/C atomic ratio of 52%, and N/C ratio of 40%. NQDs proved to be non-toxic on four human cell lines. Grain priming of the two rice cultivars in NQDs enhanced their germination and ameliorated the ill impact of drought on germination rate as well as seedling length, biomass, and water content. Also, NQDs reduced injury to cellular membranes, reduced H2O2 content, and activated catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Moreover, NQDs increased seedlings content of trehalose, proline, phenols, and ascorbic acid. The easily prepared, highly stable, and safe-by-design NQDs can be applied to boost germination and drought tolerance of rice seedlings.
Identifying damage to composite materials based on deep residual shrinkage network
Authors: Li J. , Zhang Y. , Chang X. , Sun C. , Lu J.
Published: December 2024

Interlaminar delamination damage is a common and typical defect in the context of structural damage in carbon fiber-reinforced resin matrix composites. The technology to identify such damage is crucial for improving the safety and reliability of structures. In this paper, we fabricated carbon fiber-reinforced composite laminates with different degrees of delamination damage, conducted static load experiments on them and used femtosecond fiber Bragg grating sensors (fsFBG) to determine their structural state to investigate the effects of delamination damage on their performance. We constructed a model to identify damage based on the deep residual shrinkage network, and used experimental data to enable it to identify varying degrees of delamination damage to carbon fiber-reinforced composites with an accuracy of 97.98%.
Enhancing resilience in IoT cybersecurity: the roles of obfuscation and diversification techniques for improving the multilayered cybersecurity of IoT systems
Authors: Rauti Sampsa , Laato Samuli
Published: December 2024

In our digitalized modern society where cyber-physical systems and internet-of-things (IoT) devices are increasingly commonplace, it is paramount that we are able to assure the cybersecurity of the systems that we rely on. As a fundamental policy, we join the advocates of multilayered cybersecurity measures, where resilience is built into IoT systems by relying on multiple defensive techniques. While existing legislation such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) also takes this stance, the technical implementation of these measures is left open. This invites research into the landscape of multilayered defensive measures, and within this problem space, we focus on two defensive measures: obfuscation and diversification. In this study, through a literature review, we situate these measures within the broader IoT cybersecurity landscape and show how they operate with other security measures built on the network and within IoT devices themselves. Our findings highlight that obfuscation and diversification show promise in contributing to a cost-effective robust cybersecurity ecosystem in today’s diverse cyber threat landscape.
Securing therapeutic justice through mediation: the challenge of medical treatment disputes
Authors: Lindsey Jaime , Doyle Margaret , Wazynska-Finck Katarzyna
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the use of mediation in medical treatment disputes through the lens of therapeutic justice (TJ), a concept developed in the 1990s to consider the therapeutic and anti-therapeutic effects of justice systems. The paper argues that mediation may be a mechanism for achieving therapeutic effects for people involved in medical treatment disputes. In doing so, the paper highlights the conflict that can often arise between healthcare professionals, family members and patients in medical treatment disputes and the related difficulties with using litigation to resolve this type of conflict. It has been suggested by judges, academics and policy-makers that mediation might be a better way of resolving conflict in these cases. While mediation and TJ have much in common, the paper explores the many tensions between them, considering ways in which mediation might need to be done differently to achieve therapeutic aims. Finally, the paper identifies six TJ features against which mediation can be tested to consider whether it can live up to the claims that it can be used to resolve medical treatment disputes more therapeutically.
Plastic waste management strategies toward zero waste: Status, perspectives and recommendations for Ethiopia
Authors: Aragaw Tadele Assefa
Published: December 2024

Since 1979, plastic companies have significantly expanded their markets. Evidence suggests that excessive plastic use in Ethiopia has exacerbated environmental pollution, contributing to a “quadruple crisis” involving climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution and public health and economic impacts. To address this, the Ethiopian government needs to establish effective plastic waste management strategies. Key future direction and recommendation include (1) Developing and enforcing national strategies, including a ban on many single-use plastics, for sustainable plastic waste management; (2) adopting international best practices and policies to move toward a zero-waste approach; (3) investing in a circular economy and plastic waste management systems; (4) strengthening policies through comprehensive legislation and extended producer responsibility frameworks; (5) establishing a council to integrate scientific research into policymaking; (6) promoting green technologies and innovations, such as plastic waste-to-energy and smart waste management; (7) engaging in global efforts to monitor hazardous chemicals in plastics and support transparency in a toxic-free circular economy to ensure the public’s right to information.
Role of FLR effects in magnetopause equilibrium
Authors: Ballerini G. , Rezeau L. , Belmont G. , Califano F.
Published: December 2024

The Earth magnetopause, when sufficiently plane and stationary at a local scale, can be considered as a ‘quasi-tangential’ discontinuity, since the normal component of the magnetic field

$B_n$

is typically very small but not zero. Contrary to observations, the ‘classic theory of discontinuities’ predicts that rotational and compressional jumps should be mutually exclusive in the general case

$B_n \ne 0$

, but allows only one exception: the tangential discontinuity provided that

$B_n$

is strictly zero. Here we show that finite Larmor radius (FLR) effects play an important role in the quasi-tangential case, whenever the ion Larmor radius is not fully negligible with respect to the magnetopause thickness. By including FLR effects, the results suggest that a rotational discontinuity undergoes a change comparable to the change of a shear Alfvén into a kinetic Alfvén wave when considering linear modes. For this new kind of discontinuity, the co-existence of rotational and compressional variations at the magnetopause does no more imply that this boundary is a strict tangential discontinuity, even in one-dimensional (1-D)-like regions far from X lines if any. This result may lead to important consequences concerning the oldest and most basic questions of magnetospheric physics: how can the magnetopause be open, where and when? While the role of FLR is established theoretically, in this paper we show that it can be proved experimentally. For this, we make use of magnetospheric multiscale mission (MMS) data and process them with the most recent available four spacecraft tools. First, we present the different processing techniques that we use to estimate spatial derivatives, such as

$grad(B)$

and

$div(P)$

, and the magnetopause normal direction. We point out why this normal direction must be determined with extremely high accuracy to make the conclusions unambiguous. Then, the results obtained by these techniques are presented in a detailed case study and on a statistical basis.
Branding the white nation: Platform capitalism and the semiotics of far-right organizing
Authors: Tebaldi Catherine , Del Percio Alfonso
Published: December 2024

This article focuses on the branding of Patriotic Alternative (PA), a British fascist organization and business, in three analytic steps: (i) branding as circulating ideologies as commodities; (ii) branding as creating—and selling—community, and (iii) branding as regimenting meaning. Building on work on the communicability of evil and language, nationalism, and political economy, we explore how PA uses the affordances of platform capitalism in a project that goes beyond ideological normalization: not just rebranding a message as acceptable but selling a product which builds a community aligned with this ideology. Looking at both brand and political websites, YouTube, as well as Telegram channels, we show how PA's branding functions to invest a wide range of mundane practices with racist meaning; they are imagined to forestall the great replacement. Rebranding racism as white community, every cup of tea sold brings back the world of your grandma, each bar of soap protects white skin. (Far-right semiosis, branding, platform capitalism)*
A New App Tracks Burrowing Animals That Weaken Levees
Authors: Kay Carly
Published: December 2024

Researchers are calling on amateur scientists to help protect flood barriers in their communities.
Evaluation of the Maximum Evaporation and the Priestley‐Taylor Models for Inland Waterbodies
Authors: Xiao Wei , Wang Jun , Zhao Ruonan , Jia Lei , Chu Haoran , Bao Hengxin , Cao Chang , Ge Pei , Yang Jian , Zhang Mi , Zhang Zhen , Lee Xuhui
Published: December 2024

The Priestley‐Taylor (PT) model is a classic model of potential evaporation of terrestrial and marine surfaces. It is now recognized that the Bowen ratio (β) implicit in the PT model is too sensitive to temperature. The model also requires the surface net radiation (Rn) as input even though Rn is not an independent external forcing. The maximum evaporation model (MEM) proposed by Yang and Roderick (2019, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3481) is a potential candidate for replacing the PT model. Past studies have evaluated the MEM for land ecosystems and for the global ocean. This study represents the first evaluation of the MEM for inland waterbodies. Results are based on eddy‐covariance observation at a large lake and at a small fishpond. Although there were complex error structures and error compensation patterns among its intermediate variables, the MEM was able to reproduce the observed monthly (R2 > 0.95) and interannual variability (R2 > 0.78) in the lake latent heat flux. A key assumption of the MEM, that the incoming and outgoing longwave radiation is coupled, was a reasonable approximation at both the monthly and the annual time scale for the large lake and at the monthly time scale for the small fishpond. This assumption allows the MEM to treat Rn as an intermediate variable instead of a prescribed forcing. These results support the MEM as an alternative to the PT model at locations where Rn measurements are not available. In situations where Rn data is available, a revised PT model with reduced β temperature sensitivity is recommended.
Western Pacific Warm Pool Warming and Salinity Front Expansion Since 1821 Reconstructed From Paired Coral δ18O, Sr/Ca, and Reconstructed δ18Osw
Authors: Todorović Sara , Wu Henry C. , Linsley Braddock K. , Kuhnert Henning , Menkes Christophe , Isbjakowa Albina , Dissard Delphine
Published: December 2024

The Southwest Pacific region is of great importance to global climate variability, but instrumental climate observations before the 1980s lack in numbers and quality. Despite efforts in complementing instrumental records with proxy sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) reconstructions based on coral Sr/Ca and δ18Osw records, few of them are longer than a century. This study introduces a northwestern extension to the existing records of South Pacific coral study sites with monthly‐resolved Sr/Ca, δ18O, and δ18Osw reconstructions from Rotuma dating back to 1821. Additionally, we present new monthly‐resolved Sr/Ca and reconstructed δ18Osw from a coral from Tonga dating back to 1848. Results reveal 1.5°C warming in the Western Pacific Warm Pool, while the adjacent coral from Tonga shows 1°C warming over the twentieth century. The Rotuma Sr/Ca record reveals thermal stress events impacting the Sr/Ca‐SST relationship in the following months. Coral δ18Osw results reveal significant freshening of 0.45 Sp (practical salinity unit) in Tonga since the early twentieth century, suggesting the southeastward expansion of the South Pacific Convergence Zone salinity front. The δ18Osw inferred SSS provides a valuable extension into the past considering the short and inconsistent instrumental records available. This study demonstrates the utility of coral‐based reconstructions in capturing long‐term and regional climate variations in the Southwest Pacific and the necessity of expanding replicated studies to other underrepresented areas to enhance our understanding of regional climate dynamics.
Turbulence and Bedload Transport in Submerged Vegetation Canopies
Authors: Zhao Tian , Nepf Heidi
Published: December 2024

Using a constant channel velocity, , flume experiments investigated how canopy density (, with canopy frontal area per unit volume , and canopy height ) and submergence ratio (, with the flow depth) impacted near‐bed velocity, turbulence, and bedload transport within a submerged canopy of rigid model vegetation. For  < 2, the near‐bed turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) was predominantly stem‐generated. As increased, both the near‐bed TKE and bedload transport rate () increased. For  > 2, the near‐bed TKE was insensitive to and , because of a trade‐off between decreasing stem‐generated turbulence and increasing canopy‐shear‐generated turbulence, as and increased. However, the near‐bed velocity declined with increasing and , such that, even with a constant TKE, also declined. These trends highlight that both TKE and velocity were important in controlling bedload transport. Models to predict velocity, TKE, and bedload transport were developed and validated with measurements. The models were then used to explore conditions more relevant to the field, specifically with constant energy slope () and flexible vegetation. For a constant energy slope, increased as decreased and as increased, which in turn influenced the in‐canopy velocity and TKE. The highest occurred with the greatest and smallest , corresponding to the highest and greatest contribution of canopy‐shear‐generated turbulence, reflecting the importance of canopy‐shear‐generated turbulence in submerged canopies. The lowest occurred with smallest and highest , corresponding to the smallest and least contribution of canopy‐shear‐generated turbulence.
Epigenetic reprogramming in mouse and human primordial germ cells
Authors: Lee Sun-Min , Surani M. Azim
Published: December 2024

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the precursors of sperm and eggs. They undergo genome-wide epigenetic reprogramming to erase epigenetic memory and reset the genomic potential for totipotency. Global DNA methylation erasure is a crucial part of epigenetic resetting when DNA methylation levels decrease across the genome to <5%. However, certain localized regions exhibit slower demethylation or resistance to reprogramming. Since DNA methylation plays a crucial role in transcriptional regulation, this depletion in PGCs requires mechanisms independent of DNA methylation to regulate transcriptional control during PGC reprogramming. Histone modifications are predicted to compensate for the loss of DNA methylation in gene regulation. Different histone modifications exhibit distinct patterns in PGCs undergoing epigenetic programming at the genomic level during PGC development in conjunction with changes in DNA methylation. Together, they contribute to PGC-specific genomic regulation. Recent findings related to these processes provide a comprehensive overview of germline epigenetic reprogramming and its importance in mouse and human PGC development. Additionally, we evaluated the extent to which in vitro culture techniques have replicated the development processes of human PGCs.
Achieving the optimal emergence profile: the role of soft tissue grafting and pontic site development
Authors: Brennand Roper ﻿Matthew , Fields Yasmin
Published: December 2024

Hard and soft tissue remodelling after tooth extraction may result in a concave profile at the subsequent edentulous ridge. This defect may result in a sub-optimal aesthetic transition zone between the soft tissue and the pontic, which may appear to sit on the ridge, rather than emanating from within the ridge, as would a natural tooth. To optimise aesthetics, pontic site augmentation (PSA) (increasing the volume at the pontic site) and pontic site development (PSD) (remodelling the tissue at the pontic site) may provide a solution.

This article discusses the role of soft tissue grafting for PSA, alongside the techniques employed for PSD. Biomaterial substitutes may be used for soft tissue grafting; although autogenous tissue remains the gold standard. Patients may benefit from biomaterial substitutes (as no donor site is required) but evidence for long-term volumetric stability within this specific scenario is limited.

Studies suggest PSD may be initiated three months post-augmentation, with minimal changes in site volume following this time point; although again, clinical data are limited. PSD can be achieved via several techniques, depending on operator and patient preference, with the ultimate goal of tissue conditioning to accept a convex fit surface that facilitates hygiene practices. PSA and PSD play key roles in the creation of a natural emergence profile at edentulous sites, leading to optimal aesthetics and cleansability.
A hydrogen-bridged bis(silylene) complex as a platform for small molecule activation via adjacent metal–ligand cooperation
Authors: Hashimoto Hisako , Matsuo Satomi , Odagiri Yuto , Tobita Hiromi
Published: December 2024

A hydrogen-bridged bis(silylene) complex showed high performance in the activation of small molecules via dehydrogenative O–H bond cleavage or hydro-bis(silylation).
Experimental study on the motion characteristics and critical hydraulic parameters of microplastics in a freshwater environment
Authors: Dou Ming , Wang Zhen , Li Yuxuan , Sun Bin , Zhang Yongyong , Zhou Yuze , Jia Ruipeng
Published: December 2024

The migration behavior of microplastics in water is affected by many factors; in particular, the migration mechanism of microplastics in the terrestrial freshwater environment is more complicated than that in the marine environment.
Impact of aromatic to quinoidal transformation on the degradation kinetics of imine-based semiconducting polymers
Authors: Nozaki Naoya , Uva Azalea , Iwahashi Takashi , Matsumoto Hidetoshi , Tran Helen , Ashizawa Minoru
Published: December 2024

Degradable semiconducting polymers featuring acid-labile imine bonds are often investigated for use in transient electronics.
Giant anisotropic piezoresponse of layered ZrSe3
Authors: Radatović Borna , Li Hao , D'Agosta Roberto , Castellanos-Gomez Andres
Published: December 2024

The anisotropic piezoresponse of a ZrSe3 device under tensile strain along different angles, with gauge factors GFb-axis = 68 and GFa-axis = 4. Leading to an exceptionally high anisotropy ratio of AR ≈ 90%.
Two-photon pumped forward, backward and random lasing in a stilbazolium dye nanocomposite solution containing LAPONITE® as a scattering center
Authors: He Guang S. , Gupta Sonal , Vaia Richard A. , Joshi Yogesh M. , Prasad Paras N.
Published: December 2024

Multiphoton pumped upconversion regular and random lasing in a dye solution containing LAPONITE® nanoparticles as scattering centers.
Growth of the metal–organic framework ZIF-67 on cellulosic substrates for triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Khandelwal Gaurav , John Dina Anna , Vivekananthan Venkateswaran , Gadegaard Nikolaj , Mulvihill Daniel M. , Kim Sang-Jae
Published: December 2024

ZIF-67 grown on cellulosic substrate as robuts active layer for contact-separation and rotating triboelectric nanogenerator.
Insights into the bulk kinetics of a 2K radical polymerization system based on the copper catalyzed cleavage of diboranes and its perspectives
Authors: Pieringer F. , Catel Y. , Liska R. , Knaack P.
Published: December 2024

This work explores the potential of a new two-component radical polymerization system with innovative analytical methods such as rheology/IR measurements during bulk polymerization.
High-performance TADF-OLEDs utilizing copper(i) halide complexes containing unsymmetrically substituted thiophenyl triphosphine ligands
Authors: Liu Yu-Ling , Zhu Ruiqin , Liu Li , Zhong Xin-Xin , Li Fa-Bao , Zhou Guijiang , Qin Hai-Mei
Published: December 2024

The introduction of trimethylsilyl groups results in red-shifted emission, shorter decay times and higher PLQYs of the complexes.
Bifuran- and bithiophene-fused 4,6-dihydro-1,2,7-oxadiborepins as building blocks for conjugated copolymers
Authors: Bachmann Jonas , Drichel Andreas , Klopf Jonas , Koner Abhishek , Slabon Adam , Helten Holger
Published: December 2024

The use of dithieno-(DTDB) and difuro-4,6-dihydro-1,2,7-oxadiborepins (DFDB) as components of conjugated copolymers is demonstrated.
Photoredox trifluoromethylation of isocyanides to access 2-trifluoromethylated quinolines and indoles
Authors: Wang Jin , Liu Yaohui , Xu Jinhai , Li Peiyuan , Xu Xiaoxi , Zhang Shuo , Yang Jie , Xu Xianxiu
Published: December 2024

We herein report a divergent synthesis of 2-CF3 substituted quinolines and indoles via photoredox radical trifluoromethylation of ortho-vinylphenylisocyanides.
Mild decarboxylation of neat muconic acid to levulinic acid: a combined experimental and computational mechanistic study
Authors: Bhardwaj Siddhant , Patel Deep M. , Forrester Michael J. , Roling Luke T. , Cochran Eric W.
Published: December 2024

This work shows the complete, solvent-free conversion of lignin-derived cis–cis-muconic acid, a platform biochemical, into levulinic acid.
MOF-based spectrophotometric sensors for cholesterol detection: current trends and challenges
Authors: Abed Heba , Sabouni Rana , Ghommem Mehdi
Published: December 2024

Cholesterol detection using MOF-based spectrophotometric sensors has great potential, especially in point-of-care testing applications.
High-pressure band-gap engineering and structural properties of van der Waals BiOCl nanosheets
Authors: Dan Yaqian , Ye Meiyan , Dong Weiwei , Yao Yihang , Lian Min , Du Mingyang , Ma Shuailing , Li Xiaodong , Cui Tian
Published: December 2024

High-pressure efficiently narrows the band gap and changes the unit cell compressibility from anisotropic to isotropic in van der Waals BiOCl semiconductors.
Synthesis of novel pyridine and pyrazolyl pyridine conjugates with potent cytotoxicity against HepG2 cancer cells as PIM-1 kinase inhibitors and caspase activators
Authors: Nafie Mohamed S. , Hamza Ahmed , Moustafa Ahmed H. , El-Sayed Hassan A. , El Rayes Samir M. , Morsy Hesham A. , Aboelmaged Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Novel pyridine and pyrazolyl pyridine derivatives were synthesized and characterized with potent cytotoxicity against HepG2 cancer cells as PIM-1 kinase inhibitors and caspase activators.
Synthetic chitin oligosaccharide nanocrystals and their higher-order assemblies
Authors: Djalali Surusch , Jing Yun , Ogawa Yu , Delbianco Martina
Published: December 2024

Chitin oligosaccharides self-assemble into platelets, which then further aggregate into chiral bundles.
Regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of cyclobutylated phenothiazines via [2 + 2] photocycloaddition: demonstrating wavelength-gated cycloreversion inside live cells
Authors: Sharangi Sanhati , Chakraborty Barsha , Jha Raushan Kumar , Mandal Swarnadeep , Koner Apurba Lal , Kumar Sangit
Published: December 2024

We have demonstrated the synthesis of regio- and diastereoselective cyclobutylated phenothiazines via [2 + 2] visible-light-irradiated cycloaddition and wavelength-gated cycloreversion inside the live cells for cell imaging and drug delivery.
Synergistic improvement of pH-universal hydrogen evolution through B, N dual-doped Mo2C
Authors: Wang Shuaipeng , Zhu Shengli , Cui Zhenduo , Li Zhaoyang , Wu Shuilin , Xu Wence , Gao Zhonghui , Liang Yanqin , Jiang Hui
Published: December 2024

This paper describes a fast and efficient method for preparing molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) with good performance at all pH.
Sulfur-doped g-C3N4/TiO2 anatase (101) composites for photocatalytic applications: a DFT-based computational investigation
Authors: Wang Zihan , Labat Frédéric
Published: December 2024

With the aim of improving the visible-light photocatalytic activity of TiO2, the structural, electronic and optical properties of bare and sulfur-doped g-C3N4/TiO2 composites have been investigated as potential candidate materials.
Mott–vanadium dioxide-based memristors as artificial neurons for brain-inspired computing: a view on current advances
Authors: Gurukrishna K. , Kamat Aditya Uday , Misra Shikhar
Published: December 2024

A review of correlated electron VO2-based memristors in neuromorphic circuitry towards memory computing and sensing applications.
Specificity and diversity of Klebsiella pneumoniae phage-encoded capsule depolymerases
Authors: Cheetham Max J. , Huo Yunlong , Stroyakovski Maria , Cheng Li , Wan Daniel , Dell Anne , Santini Joanne M.
Published: December 2024

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen with significant clinical relevance. K. pneumoniae-targeting bacteriophages encode specific polysaccharide depolymerases with the ability to selectively degrade the highly varied protective capsules, allowing for access to the bacterial cell wall. Bacteriophage depolymerases have been proposed as novel antimicrobials to combat the rise of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains. These enzymes display extraordinary diversity, and are key determinants of phage host range, however with limited data available our current knowledge of their mechanisms and ability to predict their efficacy is limited. Insight into the resolved structures of Klebsiella-specific capsule depolymerases reveals varied catalytic mechanisms, with the intra-chain cleavage mechanism providing opportunities for recombinant protein engineering. A detailed comparison of the 58 characterised depolymerases hints at structural and mechanistic patterns, such as the conservation of key domains for substrate recognition and phage tethering, as well as diversity within groups of depolymerases that target the same substrate. Another way to understand depolymerase specificity is by analyzing the targeted capsule structures, as these may share similarities recognizable by bacteriophage depolymerases, leading to broader substrate specificities. Although we have only begun to explore the complexity of Klebsiella capsule depolymerases, further research is essential to thoroughly characterise these enzymes. This will be crucial for understanding their mechanisms, predicting their efficacy, and engineering optimized enzymes for therapeutic applications.
Relationships Between Hearing-Related and Health-Related Variables in Academic Progress of Children With Unilateral Hearing Loss
Authors: Picou Erin M. , Davis Hilary , Tang Leigh Anne , Bastarache Lisa , Tharpe Anne Marie
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

School-age children with unilateral hearing loss are at an increased risk of exhibiting academic difficulties. Yet, approximately half of children with unilateral hearing loss will not require additional support. There is a dearth of information to assist in determining which of these children will express academic deficits and which will not. The purpose of this study was to identify hearing- and health-related factors that contribute to adverse educational progress in children with permanent unilateral hearing loss. Specific indicators of academic concern identified during school age included the need for specialized academic services, receipt of speech-language therapy, or parent/teacher concerns for academics or speech-language development.

Method:

This study provides an in-depth analysis of a previously described patient cohort developed from de-identified electronic health records. Factors of interest included potentially relevant hearing-related risk factors (e.g., degree, type, and laterality of hearing loss), in addition to health-related factors that could be extracted from the electronic health records (e.g., sex, premature birth, history of significant otitis media).

Results:

Being born preterm, having a history of pressure equalization tubes or having conductive or mixed hearing loss more than doubled the risk of demonstrating adverse educational progress. Laterality and degree of loss were generally not significantly related to academic progress.

Conclusions:

Approximately half of school-age children with permanent unilateral hearing loss in this cohort experienced some academic challenges. Birth history and middle ear pathology were important predictors of adverse educational progress.
Nonlinear evolution of fluting oscillations in coronal flux tubes
Authors: Soler Roberto , Hillier Andrew
Published: December 2024

Magnetic flux tubes in the solar corona support a rich variety of transverse oscillations, which are theoretically interpreted as magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modes with a fast and/or Alfvénic character. In the standard flux tube model made of a straight cylindrical tube, these modes can be classified according to their azimuthal wavenumber, m. Sausage m = 0 modes produce periodic expansion and contraction of the tube cross section and are observed during solar flares. Kink m = 1 modes laterally displace the tube axis and are related to, for example, post-flare global transverse oscillations of coronal loops. Fluting m ≥ 2 modes produce disturbances that are mainly confined to the tube boundary, but their observation remains elusive to date. We use 3D ideal MHD numerical simulations to investigate the nonlinear evolution of fluting modes in coronal flux tubes with transversely nonuniform boundaries. The simulations show that fluting modes are short-lived as coherent, collective motions of the flux tube. Owing to the process of resonant absorption, fluting oscillations become overdamped modes in tubes with wide enough nonuniform boundaries. During the nonlinear evolution, shear flows drive the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the tube boundary, which further disrupts the coherent fluting oscillation. For large-enough oscillation amplitudes, baroclinic instabilities of Rayleigh-Taylor type are also present at locations in the boundary where the plasma acceleration is normal to the boundary. The evolution of the instabilities drives turbulence in the flux tube, which may inhibit the resonant damping. However, the oscillations remain strongly damped even in this case. As a result of the combination of the strong damping and the induced instabilities, it is unlikely that coronal flux tubes can support fluting modes as sufficiently enduring coherent oscillations.
Development of an intelligent virtual assistant for digitalization of Moroccan agriculture
Authors: Iounousse Jawad , Temsamani Omar
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the design, development, and implementation of an innovative text-to-text chatbot system aimed at digitalizing the agriculture sector in Morocco, with a focus on supporting Darija-speaking farmers. The project also encompasses the curation of a comprehensive database to facilitate future fine-tuning of Speech-to-Text (STT) and Text-to-Speech (TTS) models in Darija. The project’s primary objective is the development of chatbot capable of responding to farmers’ text queries in Darija, providing them with instant access to critical agricultural information and support. Concurrently, we have curated an extensive database of Darija agricultural terminology, phrases, and dialogues, laying the groundwork for future voice-enabled interactions. Throughout the project, we have conducted thorough research into Darija linguistics and agricultural practices, followed by an in-depth development phase of the chatbot system. This included natural language processing, intent recognition, and response generation tailored to the nuances of Darija. The database curation involved extensive collaboration with agricultural experts to ensure authenticity and relevance. Looking forward, this project serves as a crucial stepping stone towards a fully voice-enabled agricultural support system in Darija. The curated database will be instrumental in fine-tuning STT and TTS models, potentially revolutionizing how Moroccan farmers access and interact with digital agricultural resources.
Efficient and real-time lane detection using CUDA-based implementation
Authors: El Boussaki Hoda , Latif Rachid , Saddik Amine
Published: December 2024

Lane detection is an essential component of autonomous driving systems, enabling vehicles to accurately identify and follow road markings. In this paper, we look at an lane detection approach that integrates median filtering and the Hough transform. Median filtering is an essential pre-processing step for reducing noise and improving lane detection accuracy. However, given its high computational demands, optimization of this process is essential for real-time applications. To this end, we used CUDA for acceleration, taking advantage of its parallel computing capabilities to improve performance. We implemented and tested this optimised lane detection algorithm on the NVIDIA Jetson Nano and on a desktop, providing a comparative analysis of improvements in efficiency and speed. This approach highlights the potential of real-time path detection in embedded and high-performance computing environments.
Multi-model based behaviour analysis for inclusive mobility
Authors: Vanderhaegen Frédéric , Richard Philippe
Published: December 2024

The paper proposes an original approach based on holistic and specific models of human or technical behaviors. Holistic models concern generic behaviors that can be achieved by different human or technical decision-makers and specific models represent individual behaviors of a given human or technical decision-maker. They are modelled with Petri nets and Faults trees. The analysis of combinations between these models generates scenarios that can affect inclusive mobility in terms of human health, system safety or fluidity of mobility. These scenarios are represented with cause trees and simulated with the MissRail® platform to validate their feasibility. They involve behaviors of road users like pedestrians, car or train drivers and of Artificial Intelligence based systems like an Adaptive Cruise Control or a Lane-Keeping Assist.
The Effectiveness of Hybrid Beamforming in Enhancing the Performance of NOMA-mmWave and Massive MIMO Systems
Authors: Oubassghir Mourtada , Boulouird Mohamed
Published: December 2024

As wireless networks evolve, the integration of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA), Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (mMIMO), and millimeter wave (mmWave) technologies emerges as an effective approach to drive this advancement. This integration boosts both spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE), ensuring more reliable, faster, and energy-efficient communication systems for wireless communications, including 5G and beyond. This study aims to examine the performance of this integration in terms of SE and EE by employing a system model featuring a single base station equipped with multiple antennas that generate distinct beams serving multiple users using max-min fairness power allocation. We compare the achieved SE and EE with the Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) technologies used in previous generations. Furthermore, we explore the effect of using hybrid and full digital beamforming architectures on energy consumption. Through this analysis, we aim to demonstrate how employing NOMA-mMIMO and mmWave integration with a hybrid structure can achieve high SE and low energy consumption.
A new miniaturized multi-band transparent antenna for V2X communication
Authors: Ourahou Omar , Belahrach Hassan , Ghammaz Abdelilah
Published: December 2024

Intelligent transportation services are being developed to enhance road safety, increase traffic efficiency, achieve higher speeds, and alleviate traffic congestion. This article presents the design and simulation results of a novel, compact, transparent patch antenna. The suggested design is designed to cover vehicular communication standards such as DSRC/IEEE 802.11p at 5.9 GHz and cellular V2X (C-V2X) bands. Additionally, it supports other frequency bands, including the C-Band (5.925–6.425 GHz, 7.25-7.75 GHz) and X-Band (7.250-7.750 GHz, 7.90–8.40 GHz, 8.0–8.5 GHz). The antenna operates within the frequency ranges of 5.11–6.44 GHz and 7.25–9.06 GHz, achieving a gain of 2–5 dB and a radiation efficiency of approximately 90% at 5.9 GHz. The antenna is enhanced by adding slots to the patch and utilizing a modified ground plane.
Le monoxyde d’azote : un nouvel éclairage sur la nécessité du rétablissement d’une ventilation nasale
Authors: Amat Philippe , Charavet Carole
Published: December 2024

Le monoxyde d’azote (NO) est libéré par les cellules endothéliales, les cellules du foie, les neurones et les macrophages. Dans l’organisme, le monoxyde d’azote remplit plusieurs fonctions clés. Par exemple, il prévient et traite l’hypertension, maintient la souplesse des artères et réduit le risque de formation de caillots dans le sang. Ainsi, il limite significativement les risques de maladies cardio-vasculaires et d’accidents vasculaires cérébraux. De plus, il aide à combattre les agents pathogènes, il favorise la cicatrisation de la peau et il intervient dans les mécanismes de la mémorisation.

En outre, le monoxyde d’azote nasal tient une place importante dans la physiologie respiratoire. Présent dans l’air expiré chez l’homme, il provient principalement des voies respiratoires supérieures chez les individus sains et au repos, avec une contribution mineure des voies respiratoires inférieures et des poumons. Il est synthétisé au niveau des sinus paranasaux lors de l’inhalation par le nez, mais il n’est pas produit lors de l’inhalation par la bouche.

La ventilation nasale et la mobilisation associée du NO des sinus par auto-inhalation induisent des effets significatifs à la fois localement et à distance, notamment en participant à la défense immunitaire de l’hôte et à la régulation de la fonction pulmonaire.

Cette découverte apporte un nouvel éclairage sur la nécessité de rétablir une ventilation nasale optimale, démarche qui est soutenue, entre autres, par les traitements d’orthopédie dento-faciale associés à une rééducation myofonctionnelle oro-faciale (RMOF) et l’utilisation d’une gouttière de rééducation préfabriquée (GRP).
Teaching Exploration and Practice of Advanced Chemical Separation Course for Master’s Degree Students in Chemical Engineering
Authors: Yang Qian , Yao Binghua , Niu Jinfen , He Yangqing , Yu Xiaojiao
Published: December 2024

Advanced Chemical Separation is a core course for chemical engineering master’s students, characterized by its broad scope, interdisciplinary nature, and strong practical orientation. To address challenges such as numerous knowledge points, integration difficulties, rapid updates in frontier knowledge, and insufficient engineering problem integration, the teaching team explored innovative approaches based on the “Three Parallel Education” concept. This includes course content design, teaching mode innovation, and the integration of ideological and political education, providing a reference for the reform of engineering graduate courses in the new era.
Can New Quality Productive Forces Promote the Integrated Development of Agriculture and Logistics Industry? — Evidence from panel data across 30 provinces
Authors: Chen Pei Ju
Published: December 2024

Accelerating the deep integration of agriculture and the logistics industry is a key pathway to achieving comprehensive rural revitalization, the strategy of becoming a strong agricultural nation, and high-quality development. However, the mechanisms and impact effects of new quality productive forces in this integration process are not yet clear. To address this, based on panel data from 30 provinces in China, this paper constructs a coupling coordination model and an econometric model to systematically analyze the impact of new quality productive forces on the integrated development of agriculture and the logistics industry. The research findings show that the integration level of agriculture and the logistics industry in most provinces across the country generally exhibits a trend of coordinated development, but with significant regional differences. At the same time, new quality productive forces have a significant promotional effect on their integrated development, and for every additional unit of new quality productive forces, the integration level can be increased by 0.153 units. The research results provide important theoretical support and empirical evidence for accelerating the formation of new quality productive forces in agriculture, achieving regional agricultural modernization pathways, and policy formulation.