bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tipologi Sikap Masyarakat Timur terhadap Hegemoni Barat dalam Naskah Drama Abthal Al-Yarmuk: Analisis Oksidentalisme Hassan Hanafi
Authors: Reflinaldi Reflinaldi , Hadi Syofyan , Busyrowi Ahmad
Published: July 2019

This research aims to observe the terrain of morpho-semantic meaning of the word auliya’  in the Qur'an; what words are included in the morpho-semantic field of the word auliya’, and how the features are useful. This study aims to gather words that are in the morpho-semantic field of the auliya’ word 'in the Qur'an, find their meaning features, common components of the meaning and components of differentiating meaning (diagnostic communication) so that the meaning can be obtained representative of the word auliya'. The study found 234 words incorporated into the auliya’ 'morpho-semantic field' in 69 forms, spread over 55 letters in 208 verses. All these words come from six basic forms which are classified into three classes of words. Firstly, the componential analysis reveals root meanings (general meaning components), i.e., assembling, reducing, governing (action), near / no distance, help, full of love, responsible, always supervising (characters) . Next, distinguishing components consist of the meaning of the basic form, namely, god, king / authority / master, religion, heritage, culture (perpetrator), time and institution (etc.). Lastly, the grammatical meaning, namely, Al-Syakhsh (pronoun), Al-'Adad (numeral) , Al-Ta'yin (definite) and Al-Nau '(gender), besides the meaning of' ‘time' specifically for the class of verb.
Edisi Teks Naskah Shiyam Ramadhan
Authors: Yelni Restati , Ilmi Miftahul , Harianty Tuti
Published: July 2019

This study carried out an edition of the text on the ShiyamRamadhan manuscript found in one of the scriptorium in the form of aresident's house in Kerinci Regency. The researcher conducted a textedition with diplomatic and standard edition techniques. Both editionsare presented according to the methods and work steps that have beendetermined. The results of the text edition with diplomatic methodsand standards are then described using content analysis. The authorfound the existence of locality values in the text when describing thetopic of fasting in Ramadhan. The results of the text edition andreview of the contents lead the writer to the conclusion that culturalacculturation in the spread of Islamic syari'ah was found in Kerincidistrict.
Strategi Kesantunan Positif Tuturan Mahasiswa Bahasa dan Sastra Arab UIN Imam Bonjol Padang
Authors: Utama Adjie Prasetio
Published: July 2019

This paper discusses the patterns and strategies of the Arabic Language and Literature Department of the Faculty of Adab and Humanities in developing language politeness in the lecture process. The author collects data from the lecture process (presentation of papers and questions and answers) of Naqd Adabi II course which is carried out by students of class 2014. Data is collected using record and note techniques, analyzed by referring to the theory of positive politeness expressed in pragmatics. It can be concluded that the positive politeness strategy used by the UIN IB Padang Arabic Language and Literature students is as follows: (1) using group identity markers using specifically 'we' and 'BSA students' expressions; (2) Exaggerating the attention, approval, and sympathy to the opponent's speech by using the phrase 'extraordinary' and 'indeed reaching to the core of the problem' as an appreciation to the opponents of speech; (3) Avoiding disagreement by pretending to agree, pseudo agreement, cheating for good (white lies), and hedging opinions by using a fenced phrase 'on one side' and contradicting the agreement he had expressed before using the expression 'but'
Abthal Al-Yarmuk: Upaya Rekonstruksi Semangat NasionalismeTimur dalam Melawan Hegemoni Barat
Authors: Reflinaldi Reflinaldi
Published: July 2019

Tulisan ini mengungkap adanya upaya rekonstruksi semangat nasionalisme dunia Timur dalam melawan hegemoni Barat yang terefleksi dalam naskah drama Abthal Al-Yarmuk karya Ali Ahmad Bakatsir. Melalui tokoh Khalid bin Walid yang menjadi sentral cerita, Bakatsir merumuskan beberapa kerangka yang menjadi jalan pembuka semangat nasionalisme Timur. Melalui dialog dan alur yang sederhana, Bakatsir meneriakkan persatuan bagi dunia Timur. Ia menekankan pentingnya meramu strategi dan taktik untuk keluar dari hegemoni Barat yang berujung pada inferioritas masyarakat Timur. Selain itu, ia juga menyiratkan pentingnya konsistensi dan menjaga optimisme masyarakat Timur dalam upaya keluar dari hegemoni Barat.
(الخط العربي (تاريخه و مكانته فى التعليم
Authors: Putri Neli
Published: July 2019

الكتابة هي إحدى المهارات اللغوية الأربعة و الخط هو من الكتابة الذى لابد على متعلم اللغة أن يعرفه و يتعلمه من بداية تعلم أى لغة ما لكى يفهم القارىء كتابته.و الخط الصحيح و الجميل سيسهل قراء قرائته ويفهمه. و الخط العربي فهو من الخطوط الموجودة المنتشرة فى عالم العرب و عالم الإسلام الذى ذو فنون سامية و قيمة دينية. قد استخدم كثيرا لكتابة التعبيرات و الإعلانات فى اللوحات و المبانى و العمارات و جدار المساجد و المدارس وغيرها، و قد تطور بسرعة إلى أنحاء العالم منذ انتشار الإسلام من فترة إلى فترة حتى الآن. و هو متنوع الأنواع وكل نوع له قاعدة الكتابة المعينة وذو طبيعي فريد.و له مكانة مهمة فى مجال تعليم اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها
Leksikal Ekologis dalam Parno Adat Kerinci (Kajian Makna Metafora)
Authors: Rahmi Awliya
Published: July 2019

This article examines ecological metaphor, a branch and specification of studies in ecolinguistic science (interdisciplinary study between ecology and linguistics). The author observes the traditional Kerinci parno document delivered in a traditional wedding procession. From the collected data, the author finds that the parno contains ecological lexical with metaphorical traits parno. In accordance with the parno context that the author chose, the parno of marriage, the meaning of the metaphor in ecological lexical is the advice from ninik mamak (the custom leders) for the bride and groom. It also conveys the description of single men, and the description of agreement between the couple.
Teori Sosiologi Sastra Terry Eagleton dan Aplikasinya pada Penelitian Novel Arab
Authors: Isya Muhammad
Published: July 2019

Dalam penelitian sastra Arab, selain dari kritik melalui unsurintrinsik, teks dapat juga diteliti berdasarkan ekstrinsiknya. Salah satunyateori sosiologi sastra, menyoroti konteks keberadaan teks atau diistilahkanal-bi’ah. Diperkuat oleh gagasan Hanna al-Fakhuri, terdapat beberapalingkungan yang mempengaruhi sastrawan, meliputi al-bi’ah al-ijtima‘iyyah(latar sosial), al-bi’ah al-mu‘ashiyah (latar kehidupan), al-bi’ah al-siyasah(latar politik), dan al-bi’ah al-thaqafiyyah (latar kebudayaan). Meskipundemikian, berbeda dengan pendapat Ibrahim Chinade Sanusi (2012),pendukung teori struktural murni, menurutnya teks sastra merupakanproduk bahasa dan tidak ada kaitannya dengan penulis, keadaan sosialmaupun pembaca. Dengan bantuan linguistik, khususnya pada teoristruktural, dianggapnya cukup untuk memahami konteks sosial teks.
Perkembangan Ilmu Nahwu pada Masa Daulah Abbasiyah
Authors: Mulyani Mulyani
Published: July 2019

يهدف هذا البحث إلى توضيح تطوير علم النحو في عهد الدولة العباسية.وكانت المنهجية المستخدمة من قبل علماء علم النحو مساوية لعلماء الفقه،وكلاهما استخدام الفلسفة لدراسة مشاكل اللغة. بصرة هي المركز الرئيسي فيتطوير علم النحو. هناك العديد من الخبراء النحوي في مدينة البصرة مثل الخليلوغير ذلك. بصرة تشتهر بالقياس في اتخاذ حكم النحو.
Teaching Quantitative Research Method with Three Methods of Learning
Authors: Haviz Muhammad , Maris Ika Metiza
Published: July 2019

This study aims to investigated the effect of lecture-discussion (LD), direct instruction (DI)and guide inqury (GI) to students’achievement on quantitative design research. An experimental comparison group post-test only designwas used to prove the hypothesis there is a significant difference of students’achievement on undergraduate biology education class (BEC) and master's economic class (EC)with the using of LD, DI and GI.This study used34 BECs’ student and 26 ECs’ student who take quantitative research courses in the academic year 2016-2017.The students’ achievement was measured by instrument of Research based Learning (RbL). The collected data has been analyzed by using descriptive statistics, and Chi-Square test to determine the comparison in both treatment of classes.The result of this study has shown thatχ2scores of LD(71.276) andχ2scores of DI(203.12) χ2 table α(0.05;0.01) (15.507;20.090). At the using of GI, the quality for students’ achievement scores on BEC is better than EC (standard vs. approaching standard). In conclusion, there was significant difference of students’achievement onBEC and EC with the using of LD, DI and GI.
«Graft-Versus-Host» Disease after Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation from Relative Donors in Children with Cancer, Prophylaxis Regimens and Correlation with «Graft-Versus-Tumor» Effect: a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Subbotina Natalia N. , Dolgopolov Igor S. , Daylidite Vidmante V. , Boyarshinov Vasiliy K. , Mentkevich George L.
Published: July 2019

Background. «Graft-versus-host» disease (GVHD) is a major complication of allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT), the main cause of non-relapse mortality. The actual problems of alternative donors HSCTs are GVHD prophylaxis and its distinction from «graft-versus-tumor» (GVT) effect. Objective. Assessment of incidence and severity of GVHD in children with very high-risk cancer after non-T-depleted haplo-HSCT; searching some correlation between controlled chronic GVHD (chGVHD) and GVT effect after HSCT, compare cyclosporine (CSA) and tacrolimus based GVHD prophylaxis. Methods. We provided the GVHD assessment in 74 recipients of haplo-HSCs from relatives since 2001 till 2018 in retrospective cohort study. Effect of chGVHD on the HSCT results was assessed in 23 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 15 patients with solid tumors. We analyzed the incidence of severe acute and chronic GVHD in patients who received CSA or tacrolimus-based prophylaxis. Results. The incidence of severe aGHVD in our study was 15%, chGVHD — 12%. Switch CSA to tacrolimus resulted in reduction of severe aGVHD from 21% to 9% and full elimination of severe extensive chGVHD. Controlled chGVHD after haplo-HSCT was associated with relapse reduction from 48.7% to 30% and improvement of overall survival (OS) from 46.5% to 80.8% in patients with AML. We haven’t seen any clinically significant antitumor effect of graft in patients with solid tumors. Conclusion. In our study the incidence of severe GVHD corresponds to world data after HSCTs from alternative donors, it went down after switch from CSA to tacrolimus. We found some correlation between controlled chGVHD development and HSCT results improvement in patients with AML. The GVT effect of haplo-graft in solid tumors is almost absent.
Experimental investigations on inclined pullout behaviour of geogrids anchored in trenches
Authors: Bhowmik R. , Shahu J. T. , Datta M.
Published: July 2019

Stability of geosynthetics along slopes in covers and liners of landfills depends partly on their tensile strength and partly on the efficiency of anchors holding the geosynthetics at berms or the top of the slope. The pull induced in these geosynthetics is in an inclined direction parallel to the slope. But due to difficulty in modelling inclined pullout behaviour experimentally, very few studies have so far been conducted on geosynthetics embedded in anchor trenches. This paper presents details of a device that can perform inclined pullout tests on geosynthetics at variable inclinations. Since geogrids are widely used as veneer reinforcement, inclined pullout tests are conducted on geogrids embedded in run-out, I-type and L-type anchors in sand. The maximum pullout force in the geogrid increases by more than 20% as the pull inclination increases from 0° to 20° in all the three types of anchors. The geogrids exhibit markedly different force-displacement behaviour for the three types of anchors, though the length of reinforcement remains the same. The peak pullout force for the I-type anchor was 1.6–1.7 times higher, and that for the L-type anchor was 2 times higher than that of the run-out anchor at all pullout inclinations.
Seismic behaviour of a precast prestressed beam–column joint with energy dissipation bars
Authors: Fan Jiajun , Wu Gang , Cao Yu
Published: July 2019

A novel precast prestressed (PCPS) reinforced-concrete (RC) beam–column joint with unbonded energy dissipation (ED) bars was developed for a moment-resisting frame structure. Three full-size beam–column joints were designed and tested under reverse cyclic loading to investigate their seismic performance. The experimental results showed that the PCPS beam–column joints had competitive load-carrying capacities and larger initial stiffnesses than the RC beam–column joint. The post-tensioned joint with ED bars located at the column showed better ED capacity than the joint with ED bars located at the beam ends, which had an ED capacity that was comparable with the RC joint. Finite-element models of the three test specimens were established using OpenSees to replicate the experimental results. Analysis of the test and numerical simulation results showed that the proposed beam–column joints could have better seismic performance with the addition of devices to prevent the concrete in the beam ends from early cracking and spalling. The PCPS beam–column joints with ED bars demonstrated good seismic performance under reverse cyclic loading.
Interaction between infill walls and reinforced concrete frames after column removal
Authors: Alkloub Amer , Allouzi Rabab
Published: July 2019

The progressive collapse resistance of reinforced concrete (RC) frames in which a middle column has been removed has been investigated by many researchers. However, previous experimental and computational studies have focused mainly on the catenary action provided by longitudinal reinforcement in the beams spanning the missing column. This study investigated the contribution of infill walls. Finite-element analysis was used after calibrating a reference model using test results reported by other researchers. Models were developed for a RC frame with and without infill walls. An equivalent strut was used in the infill walls to allow the removed column load to be transferred through the struts instead of developing catenary action in the beams. A simplified model of the progressive collapse resistance of frames with infill walls was then derived to estimate the peak strength provided by the infill wall under the scenario of middle-column removal.
Strengthening of defected closure strips for full-depth RC deck slabs using CFRP sheets
Authors: Afefy Hamdy M. , Kassem Nesreen M. , Taher Salah El-Din F.
Published: July 2019

Two configurations of closure strips between precast reinforced concrete (RC) slab panels were fabricated and filled with either non-shrink grout or ultrahigh-performance strain-hardening cementitious composite (UHP-SHCC) material. The strips were then strengthened with externally bonded carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets in order to compensate the drawback associated with decreasing the amount of connected steel reinforcing bars required to transfer the bending moment between panels. In total, 12 specimens divided into three groups were cast and tested under short-term non-reversed repeated patch loads simulating wheel load at the central joint. The test results showed that the UHP-SHCC filling material enabled the connected panels to exhibit more ductile behaviour compared with the panels whose closure strips were filled with non-shrink grout. On the other hand, the CFRP strengthening sheets for the first configuration of the closure strip failed to restore the ultimate capacity of the un-strengthened monolithic specimen. However, the second configuration, using UHP-SHCC filling material, enabled the connecting panels to restore lost capacity, with a performance improvement of about 14% compared with the un-strengthened monolithic specimen.
Effect of driving style on operating speed in crest vertical curves of two-lane highways
Authors: Cartes Pablo , Echaveguren Tomás , Álvarez Patricio
Published: July 2019

Models that predict the operating speed (OS) in terms of highway geometry assume that drivers are homogenous individuals. However, road users build the way they drive based on their behaviour and skills, thereby configuring a so-called driving style. The state-of-the-art literature defines at least eight driving styles that affect the OS of drivers, but OS–geometry models do not consider this aspect. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of driving styles on OS in crest vertical curves (CVCs) of two-way highways. To this end, 16 drivers were selected and classified according to their driving style, based on the multidimensional driving style inventory. Subsequently, the circulation speed of each driver was tested on 40 CVCs through a 10 Hz Global Positioning System logger installed in each vehicle. New OS–vertical geometry models were developed and classified according to driving style. It was concluded that models that do not consider driving styles conceal the sensitivity of the OS to the vertical geometry of highways. Additionally, among the different driving styles there is an OS difference of up to 8 km/h. Therefore, including the driving style variable in OS models of two-way roadways is a relevant factor.
Estrategias de institucionalización del islam en contextos migratorios: el caso de Baitul Muqarram
Authors: Salguero Montaño Oscar
Published: July 2019

En una sociedad aconfesional y plural los grupos religiosos comprenden el acceso al espacio público y la participación como derechos de ciudadanía, legitimando ante la sociedad y las instituciones su estatus como actores sociales, diversos y de pleno derecho en la vida pública, y respondiendo, en aras de su reconocimiento e inclusión, a otras demandas sociales. A partir del caso de la comunidad musulmana de Madrid Baitul Muqarram, este texto analiza las prácticas y los discursos desplegados en el escenario público, estableciendo una clasificación de las estrategias desarrolladas para la consecución de sus objetivos de institucionalización.
Prepare NGM plates for nematode, with peptone, without fungizone v2
Authors: Research UK / Wellcome Gurdon Institute media kitchen Cancer
Published: July 2019

Prepare NGM plates for nematodes, with peptone, without fungizone
Extracting total RNA from Caenorhabditis elegans using phase-lock gel separation tubes v2
Authors: Riccio Cristian
Published: July 2019

This protocol describes how to extract total RNA from C. elegans worms starting with 3300 worms on a 90mm NGM plate
Illumina metabarcoding protocol for the study of fungi in marine sediments v1
Authors: Vargas-Gastélum Lluvia , Chong-Robles Jennyfers , Lago-Lestón Asunción , Riquelme Meritxell
Published: July 2019

The study of fungi in marine sediments has received a growing attention in the recent years. Recent advances in metagenomics have allowed the discovery of a wide diversity of fungi in deep-sea environments, although standardized methods are needed to process the samples and to analyze the data. This protocol is a guidance to obtain good quality samples and subsequent ITS1 (Internal Transcribed Spacer 1) amplicons to be prepared for sequencing by Illumina platform. The collection of marine sediments is described, as well as the processing of the samples in laboratory; also, pertinent controls that should be included during all the processing steps to identify potential sources of contamination that could affect the sequencing and bias the interpretation of results are suggested.
Botany Teaching: An Overview of Academic Research in Brazil from 2002 to 2017
Authors: Copetti Camila , Do Canto-Dorow Thaís Scotti
Published: July 2019

The enchantment by Botany teaching represents not an ordinary feeling among students, and even Biology teachers, at every educational level. Researches throughout the Botany teaching area point to a fragmented, decontextualized, quite theoretical and unattractive process. Therefore, in recent years, Botany has changed from a beloved science into a neglected science because of the botanical blindness that has been established in the general population. Thus, the present work aims to present a panorama of the academic researches about Botany teaching in Brazil. It was carried out of theses, dissertations, and articles published from 2002 to 2017. This period was intentionally selected as it fits the establishment of the Guidelines Curriculum for Biological Sciences courses. In parallel, the pursuit of researches on Botany teaching in other countries was also carried out, to verify the international scenario. The investigations were developed in CAPES, IBICT, and SCIELO portals, based on previously defined descriptors. The results, published in Brazil and in other countries, point out the lack of information and a valorization crisis of the scientific knowledge in the process of Botany teaching, both in basic and higher education. This finding gains strength especially when we check the publications of the Biological Sciences - Licentiate courses. These should present deep concerns with the process of teaching to teach, as the teaching roots are similar to the way we receive and comprehend it, which seems the reason Botany teaching ends up being relegated when compared to other areas of knowledge.
Estudantes de Ensino Médio e processos de ensino e aprendizagem: sobre a potência e os desafios da escola na Contemporaneidade
Authors: Uceda Roberta Aparecida , Klaus Viviane
Published: July 2019

Neste artigo, apresentamos alguns dos resultados de uma pesquisa que foi realizada com jovens do Ensino Médio (EM) de uma instituição privada localizada no Estado do Paraná. O estudo procurou compreender de que modo os jovens se relacionam com o conhecimento e com os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem no contexto contemporâneo. Para tal, foram utilizados os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: aplicação de questionário e realização de grupo focal. Os principais achados da pesquisa apresentados neste artigo foram organizados a partir de duas temáticas: i) relações e percepções dos estudantes de EM sobre a escola; e ii) como os jovens de EM aprendem no contexto atual (isto é, como se desenvolvem as relações de ensino e de aprendizagem).
"Nativos digitais", "geração internet", "Homo zappiens", "ciborgue": juventude conectada às tecnologias digitais
Authors: Ferreira Aline Gonçalves , Sales Shirlei Rezende
Published: July 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como é descrita a relação dos/as jovens com as tecnologias digitais e os principais conceitos utilizados para nomear esses/as jovens que vivem conectados/as ao ciberespaço. Utilizamos como metodologia de pesquisa a bibliográfica, analisando uma tese e 17 dissertações. O argumento desenvolvido é o de que os trabalhos pesquisados operam com diferentes conceitos e termos para nomear os/as jovens. Eles são de ordens distintas, mas possuem um ponto em comum: destacam a íntima relação que os/as jovens possuem com as tecnologias e com a cibercultura. "Geração internet", "Homo Zappiens","Ciborgue", são alguns dos conceitos utilizados para nomear a conexão entre os/as jovens e as tecnologias digitais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Juventude, tecnologias digitais, pesquisa bibliográfica.
Shallow Nonvolcanic Tremor Activity and Potential Repeating Earthquakes in the Chile Triple Junction: Seismic Evidence of the Subduction of the Active Nazca–Antarctic Spreading Center
Authors: Sáez Miguel , Ruiz Sergio , Ide Satoshi , Sugioka Hiroko
Published: July 2019

In southern Chile, at ∼46.2°S and ∼75.2°W, the active spreading center between the Nazca and Antarctic plates is colliding with the South American plate, forming the Chile triple junction (CTJ). For 1 yr, from March 2009 to February 2010, five ocean‐bottom seismometers (OBSs) were deployed over the CTJ. We used a portion of the OBS data to study the seismic signatures of the subduction of the active Nazca–Antarctic spreading center. Using the envelope technique, we detected long episodes of shallow nonvolcanic tremor (NVT) activity. To improve the identified location of the NVT activity, we cross‐correlated the vertical and horizontal components of all located NVTs. In different months, we measured the local maximum of the lag‐time correlation near 2 s, which is associated with the lag between the S and P waves (S−Ptime). Furthermore, we observed that in the days with intense tremor activity, the maxima corresponding to S−Ptime emerged in windows without observable NVTs. We suggest that days with intense tremor activity correspond to an almost continuous slow slip, which may accelerate and decelerates nearly randomly, with spatial and temporal heterogeneity. In addition, we detected some potential repeating earthquakes with an S−Ptime near 2 s, as well as NVTs. The detected NVT activity and potential repeating earthquakes suggest the existence of a shallow region close to the CTJ that is able to generate brittle (earthquakes) and brittle–ductile (potential repeating earthquakes and NVTs) ruptures.
İRAN İSLAM DEVRİMİ'NDE DİNSEL SÖYLEMLERİN PROPAGANDA AMAÇLI KULLANILAN POSTERLERE YANSIMASI
Authors: BAŞARIR Murat , GÜLADA Mehmet Ozan
Published: July 2019

İran İslam Devrimi, 1979 yılında İran'da Şah yönetiminin
yıkılmasına ve Ayetullah Ruhullah Humeyni önderliğinde İran İslam
Cumhuriyeti'nin kurulmasına yol açan süreci ifade etmektedir. Devrimle
birlikte, İran'da İslam hukuku ve Şiî mezhebi görüşlerini esas alan bir yönetim
kurulmuş, Şah döneminde uygulanan Batı yanlısı politikaların hepsi ortadan
kaldırılmıştır. Şah'ın devrilmesinden sonra ülkedeki kitle iletişim araçlarını
ele geçiren Humeyni yönetimi, İran halkına yönelik dini söylemlerin ağırlıklı
olduğu yoğun bir propaganda faaliyetine yönelmiştir. Özellikle bu süreçte
posterler yeni yönetim tarafından propaganda amaçlı etkin bir şekilde
kullanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Humeyni yönetimi tarafından dinsel söylemlerin İran
İslam Devrimi'nde İran halkına yönelik propaganda amaçlı oluşturulan
posterlerde nasıl ve ne yönde kullanıldığı incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla Chicago
Üniversitesi tarafından belirlenen propaganda amaçlı posterler içerinden amaçlı
örneklem metodu kullanılarak seçilen 8 poster nitel araştırma yöntemleri
içerisinde yer alan göstergebilimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılarak ele alınmıştır.
Çalışma kapsamında elde edilen bulgularda, propaganda amaçlı posterlerde yeni
kurulan rejim tarafından kullanılan dini söylemlerin İran İslam Devrimi'nin
kutsallaştırılarak, devrimin ve yeni rejimin meşrulaştırılmaya çalışıldığı
görülmüştür.
Honesty in reporting suicidal ideations and behaviors in Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment, and dementias
Authors: Yamamoto Rinah T. , Dallabrida Susan M.
Published: July 2019

Background: Detection of patients’ suicidal ideations and behaviors (SIB) is critical to patient safety. It is important to consider the needs, abilities and propensity for honesty in reporting SIB in populations with compromised cognitive abilities. We surveyed patients with compromised cognitive abilities to determine if they feel they would report SIB and the conditions under which they would be honest in reporting SIB?

Methods: Patients reporting diagnoses such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or other dementias completed online surveys. Participants were asked their likelihood for honesty, preferences and comfort when answering questions on SIB in-person and using electronic self-report.

Results: 73 patients with AD, MCI or other dementias, 95% reported they were likely to report SIB honestly electronically and 92% would be honest with a health care provider (HCP). However, 96% would be honest in-person with an HCP they knew but less than 88% said they would be honest if they didn’t know the HCP.

Conclusions: These data suggest that patients with cognitive conditions may be more likely to report SIB truthfully using electronic self-report than a clinical face to face interview but that either form of reporting is an effective methodology for obtaining honest responses about SIB. Taking the FDA guidance on suicidality and the potential for cognitive decrements in this population, multiple tools for assessing depression and SIB should be implemented when treating or working this population.
Even preoperative carbohydrate loading is too hard? Why RCT’s should not be considered the gold standard for nutrition research in acute hip fracture: results of a feasibility study
Authors: Barrimore Sally E. , Rapchuk Ivan L. , Pulle Ranjeev Chrysanth , Crawford Ross , Ferrier Rebecca , Crawford Scott , Bell Jack J.
Published: July 2019

Background: Malnutrition is a high-risk co-morbidity in acute hip fracture patients. Pre-operative carbohydrate loading may improve nutritional status and therefore patient outcomes. The feasibility of nutrition focused randomised control trial designs in hip fracture is at best questionable. This study was designed to undertake efficacy testing of pre-operative carbohydrate loading and explore the broader feasibility of conducting randomised controlled trials in acute hip fracture.

Methods: This two arm randomised controlled feasibility study recruited patients previously living in the community who had fractured their hip undergoing surgery at our institution. Patients in the intervention arm received a 400 mL (50g) carbohydrate load 2 hours prior to surgery.  Information was collected regarding the fidelity of pre-operative carbohydrate provision and consumption as well as patient demographic and admission details.

Results: Thirty-two patients consented to participate, 60% of the eligible patient cohort. Results demonstrated evenly matched intervention and control groups in terms of demographic details and pre-surgical morbidity and mortality risk. However, of the 17 patients allocated to the intervention arm less than half (41%) completed the carbohydrate loading intervention and even fewer 23.5% (n=4) completed all follow up due to a number of patient and system related factors.

Conclusions: Evaluating the clinical effectiveness of providing pre-operative carbohydrate loading in hip fracture and the associated outcomes is not feasible using a randomised control trial methodology. It is recommended that researchers consider a ‘silver standard’ of research and practice such as pragmatic, registry-based cluster randomised trials to ensure feasibility, relevancy and applicability when evaluating nutritional interventions in this cohort.

 
Premature termination of interventional ophthalmology clinical trials from international registries
Authors: Yilmaz Taygan , Khanna Nitasha , Loporchio Dean , Gallagher Michéal , Cordero-Coma Miguel , Migliori Michael
Published: July 2019

Globally, a multitude of interventional clinical trials are terminated prior to completion. We sought to identify and analyze trends related to the reporting of these trial results. We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study of interventional clinical trials in the 16 primary registries of the World Health Organization Network as well as ClinicalTrials.gov dating back to 2003. A total of 250 studies were identified, of which 135 (54%) were sponsored by academic institutions. A staggering 244 trials (98%) did not lead to publication of results. In sum, a total of 22,420 patients participated in clinical research from which the results were not widely disseminated. 75% of trials were discontinued for unspecified or unclear reasons; 10% were terminated due to inadequate patient accrual. New policies and initiatives have helped usher in an era of improved methods for trial reporting and, in turn, provided the opportunity to perform more interventional trials. However, further action is needed to ensure that findings of all trials are shared with the ophthalmic community in order to build a more comprehensive body of knowledge and decrease potential redundancy.
Complications of left and right sided percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage
Authors: Rafiq Suhail , Khan Azhar , Suhail Jan , Choh Nasir , Shaheen Feroze
Published: July 2019

Background: Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage (PTBD) is performed either via right or left-ductal approach, on the basis of status of primary confluence, secondary confluence and atrophy of liver parenchyma. Our study compares the complications of two approaches in malignant obstruction. The objectives of this study was to assess and compare complications of PTBD.Methods: This study was a prospective hospital based study performed for a period of 2 years from 2016 to 2018.PTBD was performed either via right in 16 patients or left-ductal approach in 15 patients, on the basis of status of primary biliary confluence and atrophy of liver parenchyma.Results: Both minor and major complications were more common in right-sided approach as compared to left-sided approach with most common major and minor complication being cholangitis (16.12%) and fever (12.9%) respectively.Conclusions: PTBD is an excellent palliative procedure to drain the bile ducts in malignant obstruction. Although complications of PTBD are more common in right sided approach but results are statistically insignificant.
Prevalence and clinical significance of microalbuminuria and hypoxemia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Gupta Poonam , Kumar Anand , Chaurasia Ajeet Kumar , Gupta Arvind
Published: July 2019

Background: Microalbuminuria is a sign of glomerular dysfunction in general and sign of tubulointerstitial disease to a lesser extent. Hypoxia induces endothelial cell to release a number of different vasoactive agents including endotheline-1, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), nitric oxide; that causes endothelial injury and lead to microalbuminuria. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of microalbuminuria in COPD patients and assess the Relationship of microalbuminuria with the disease severity in the forms of FEV1, PaO2, PaCO2, and BODE INDEX in COPD patients.Methods: Total 130 COPD patients were included in our cross sectional study. Total patients were divided into two groups, 1st group was COPD with microalbuminuria while 2nd group was COPD without microalbuminuria. Lung function test, 6 min walk distance, arterial blood pressure (BP), BODE index, arterial blood gases, fasting and post prandial plasma glucose and kidney function tests were measured. Screening for microalbuminuria was done by measuring urinary microalbumin in a random spot urine collection.Results: The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 29.23% in patients of COPD. As compared with COPD without microalbuminuria group, COPD with microalbuminuria group were more hypoxic (12% vs 74%, P=0.0001 ), more hypercapnic (22% vs 84%, p=0.00001) and most of the patients with grade III (16% vs 34%, p=0.00001) or grade IV (19% vs 47%, p=0.00001) severity (according to GOLD criteria).Conclusions: Patients with severe COPD with hypoxemia or hypercapnia were significantly associated with microalbuminuria.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in end-stage renal disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis: a single-center study from Bangladesh
Authors: Sarwar S. M. Rahid , Rahman A. K. M Mijanur , Rahman S. M. Mijanur , Selim Shahjada , Hasan A. B. M. Kamrul
Published: July 2019

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on maintenance HD.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the hemodialysis unit of a military hospital of Bangladesh from October 2013 to March 2014 and included 141 maintenance HD patients. All patients were assessed by HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies in addition to routine liver function tests.Results: The age range of the study subjects were 18-70 years, and the majority (85.11%) were male. Among them 22 (15.60%) were positive for anti HCV, 5(3.5%) were positive for HBsAg, and 3 patients (2.13%) were positive for both HBsAg and anti-HCV. The duration of hemodialysis was higher in anti-HCV positive patients (49±24 vs. 25±10 months, p <0.05) than anti-HCV negative ones. Anti-HCV positive patients in this study received a higher number of blood transfusion (units) than anti-HCV negative patients (7.5±4.3 vs. 2.8±1.7 units, p <0.05). HBsAg positive patients also received a higher number of blood transfusion (units) than HBsAg negative patients (8.2±3.1 vs. 3.2±1.2 units, p <0.05).Conclusions: Hepatitis C virus was the major form of hepatitis in HD patients in this study. The duration of HD was higher in anti-HCV positive patients; the numbers of blood transfusion units were higher in patients positive for HCV and HBV than the negative ones.
A rare case of acute pancreatitis due to roundworm infestation
Authors: Parasher Anant
Published: July 2019

Roundworm or Ascaris lumbricoides is one of the most common parasitic infestations of the human gastrointestinal tract occurring particularly in tropical and temperate countries having hot and humid conditions. On rare occasions, it may invade the biliary tract and the main pancreatic duct causing obstruction and leading to acute pancreatitis. Here, a similar case is presented of a patient who presented with symptoms of acute abdomen and vomiting, with imaging suggestive of roundworm infestation in the main pancreatic duct and who later improved with supportive care.
Assessment of medication adherence, quality of life and risk factors among patients with tuberculosis in a South Indian tertiary care hospital: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Salma Shaik , Siddiqua Abdul Amreen , Keerthana R. S. S. Lakshmi , Suryadevara Meghana , Prabhakar Dhadala Victor , Pingili Ravindrababu
Published: July 2019

Background: The main objective of the current study was to assess the level of medication adherence, quality of life, risk factors for better treatment outcomes and to improve patient quality of life by giving TB education.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 278 patients (139 tubercular patients and 139 health volunteers). A data collection form of various socio-demographic factors, lifestyle factors, and co-morbid conditions for tuberculosis were collected. The quality of life (QOL) was assessed by interviewing the subjects using WHO-QOL BREF questionnaire. Morisky – 8 item medication Adherence Questionnaire was used for assessing adherence.  

Results: In a total of 139 TB patients, high adherence (60.06%), medium adherence (20.86%) and low adherence (10.07%) are reported. WHOQOL-BREF mean domain scores were physical health (54.10±12.33), psychological health (51.73±16.24), social health (62.04±15.35) and environmental health (57.14±16.90) respectively. In present study male (67.63%) are higher than females (32.37%). Risk factors observed in study were statistically significant and discussed in present study.

Conclusions: This study showed that the MMAS-8 had good reliability and validity for measuring adherence levels in rural TB patients. There was a high level of adherence to anti-TB treatment was seen in study area. WHO-QOL BREF questionnaire had good reliability and validity for measuring quality of life and Improved quality of life observed in patients with high adherence to anti tubercular drugs. Risk factors such as age, education, locality, food habits, income, smoking and alcoholism are independently associated with Tuberculosis.
Study of genital dermatoses in pregnant females attending a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sivanu Seeniammal , Babu Maalik , Savadamoorthi Soundharyaa Moorthi
Published: July 2019

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STI) prevalence in pregnancy is high and causes severe risk of transmission to the newborn. Usually they are asymptomatic and underdiagnosed. Most common STI’s are VVC, HPV, genital herpes, HIV, etc.

Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was done for a period of one year (September 2017- August 2018) and 31 pregnant genital dermatoses were encountered.

Results: Among 31, infective etiology was seen in 15 cases (48%), non-infective etiology was seen in 3 cases (10%) and no STI’s were seen in 13 patients (42%). Vulvovaginal candidiasis was most common among pregnant females in 9 patients (60%) followed by genital warts in 3 patients (20%) followed by molluscum contagiosum, herpes genitalis and oral candidiasis in one patient (7%) respectively among infective etiology. Non-infective causes include vulval lymphangiectasia, epidermoid cyst and vascular swelling in one patient respectively (33.3%).

Conclusions: Screening of antenatal cases is more important to prevent complications. 
Study on estimation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in patients prior to initiation of dapsone therapy in leprosy
Authors: Agarwala Manoj Kumar , Agarwala Pragya , Sharma Archa
Published: July 2019

Background: Administration of dapsone in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient patients can lead to hemolysis which may be severe enough to warrant discontinuation of the drug. Screening for G6PD deficiency in leprosy patients before initiating treatment can prevent such adverse events.

Methods: Medical records of all leprosy patients presenting between 1st January 2018 to 30th June 2018 were reviewed. G6PD levels, if done, were recorded for all patients needing dapsone therapy.

Results: Of the 62 patients requiring treatment with dapsone (43 outpatients and 19 inpatients), G6PD estimation was done in 43 cases, i.e., 60.46% (26/43) of outpatients and 89.4% (17/19) of inpatients.10 patients were found deficient (6/26 outpatients and 4/17 inpatients).

Conclusions: G6PD levels were not uniformly estimated in all patients requiring dapsone therapy. It was done more commonly estimated in inpatients (89.4%) when compared to outpatients (60.46%). The deficient G6PD levels were seen in 16% cases.
Prevalence of skin dermatoses among fishermen in Puducherry
Authors: Sovana Sushree , Oudeacoumar Paquirissamy , Niranjjan Ramachandran , Misra Saurabh Krishna
Published: July 2019

Background: Fishermen always work and reside in environmental conditions that are harmful to their health. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the magnitude of skin diseases among fishermen and the secondary objective was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices related to skin diseases and their prevention.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out among 420 fishermen and women belonging to fishing area of Puducherry for a period of three months from December 2018 to February 2019.

Results: The majority of the study populations (26.67%) were in the age group of 30-40 years. The majority were males (1.43%), 88.57% were married, 16.19% were illiterate whereas 42.86% studied up to the secondary school level. The majority (54.29%) were working for more than 12 hours daily. The majority (30.48%) were in the fishing occupation for more than 20 years. The non-infectious skin disorders were: sunburns (25.71%), palmoplantar hyperkeratosis (19.52%), melasma (14.05%), acute urticaria (7.85%), photoaging (2.86%), wrinkles (2.14%) and freckels (1.90%). Among infections, 10.48% had tinea infections followed by pityriasis versicolor in 7.38%, bacterial infection in 3.57%, onychomycosis and warts in 1.19% each respectively and all the study population had only one type of infection. All men in the study were not using sunscreens and any protective wares and they were not aware of sun induced skin damage.

Conclusions: The most common diseases encountered were sunburn, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, melasma, acute urticaria, fungal infections, bacterial infection and photoaging. The fishermen were not using sunscreens and protective wares and they were unaware of solar skin damage.
A comparative study on fourth generation ELISA and rapid assay for diagnosing HIV infection in the high risk group
Authors: Mathupal Sukanya , Rajendran Sathya Narayanan
Published: July 2019

Background: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a widely employed method for detecting HIV. Following its successful detection of HIV, the fourth generation ELISA was approved by FDA. The advantage of the FDA approved fourth generation ELISA is it detects p24 antigen, HIV 1&2 antibodies simultaneously and that too 5-7 days prior to conventional tests so that it detects HIV seroconversion earlier reducing its further spread.

Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary level medical centre after obtaining ethical approval. 200 patients from high risk group and their contacts were selected after a thorough physical examination and tests were done using fourth generation ELISA and rapid assay and these results were compared.

Results: As per our observations, the percentage of patients tested positive by fourth generation ELISA out of 200 subjects was 37% and negative was 63%. The detection rate of HIV positivity by rapid assay in high risk group was 11% and negative was 89%. The detection rate was also higher with fourth generation ELISA when various other parameters were compared.

Conclusions: In this study, the percentage of HIV positivity detected by fourth generation ELISA was higher than that detected by rapid assay showing that fourth generation ELISA is a more sensitive test than rapid assay as well as a better diagnostic modality to opt for when coming to early detection in HIV. 
O Papel do Tutor-Professor na EaD em Nível Superior: Aspectos Históricos e o Reconhecimento Legal
Authors: Azevedo Érica de Melo
Published: July 2019

A EaD vem crescendo em números, em todo o Brasil e no mundo, sendo um fator de impacto social, econômico e tecnológico. Por essa razão, é importante discutir e propor a padronização da Legislação da EaD nos estados brasileiros, de forma a sistematizar essa modalidade, consolidando-a e garantindo uma educação de qualidade em todos os níveis. O Decreto nº 9057/17 é um importante avanço em direção a este caminho, mas é necessário unificar os pareceres, resoluções e decretos, de forma a esclarecer o papel dos profissionais atuantes na modalidade e as diretrizes e critérios a serem seguidos para a garantia de uma educação superior de qualidade. Dentro do Sistema Universidade Aberta do Brasil, os tutores são profissionais que não possuem vínculo empregatício com as universidades e apresentam a remuneração mais baixa no sistema. A Lei Estadual nº 8030, no Rio de Janeiro, veda a utilização do termo tutor para profissionais que atuam no acompanhamento de disciplinas ofertadas na modalidade EaD. Essa lei, apesar de estar em vigor, ainda não foi aplicada de forma efetiva no estado. Como é possível avaliar, essa mudança na legislação acarretará aumento considerável dos custos e mudança significativa na organização e no papel do tutor nos cursos dessa modalidade.

Palavras-chave: Tutor. Legislação EaD. Decreto nº 9057/17. Plano Nacional de Educação.
Pintando una acción de difícil práctica: el Marqués de la Mina y táctica de la guerra anfibia
Authors: Kirkut Marcin
Published: July 2019

Jaime Miguel de Guzmán-Dávalos y Spínola (1690-1767) was one of the most prestigious soldiers of the Enlightenment. He wrote Máximas para la Guerra, a book of unquestionable value that was published upon his death. In this article, paraphrasing the words of the author mentioned in its title, we aim at studying the precepts of the renowned scientist on amphibious warfare to which he devoted a chapter of his work. Having in mind its unquestionable quality, and being far from the hagiographic idolatry, we are going to run its critical evaluation. Disembarking troops is one of the most complex military operations ever. Our study contains lessons that we consider to be most valuable as well as decisions that we view as not so beneficial. In addition to that we also tackle the aspects that in our opinion could have been presented and analysed by the author and were not included.