bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA Damage and Repair in Schizophrenia and Autism: Implications for Cancer Comorbidity and Beyond
Authors: Markkanen Enni , Meyer Urs , Dianov Grigory
Published: June 2016

Schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are multi-factorial and multi-symptomatic psychiatric disorders, each affecting 0.5%–1% of the population worldwide. Both are characterized by impairments in cognitive functions, emotions and behaviour, and they undermine basic human processes of perception and judgment. Despite decades of extensive research, the aetiologies of schizophrenia and ASD are still poorly understood and remain a significant challenge to clinicians and scientists alike. Adding to this unsatisfactory situation, patients with schizophrenia or ASD often develop a variety of peripheral and systemic disturbances, one prominent example of which is cancer, which shows a direct (but sometimes inverse) comorbidity in people affected with schizophrenia and ASD. Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of cells, the molecular origin of which derives from mutations of a cell’s DNA sequence. To counteract such mutations and repair damaged DNA, cells are equipped with intricate DNA repair pathways. Oxidative stress, oxidative DNA damage, and deficient repair of oxidative DNA lesions repair have been proposed to contribute to the development of schizophrenia and ASD. In this article, we summarize the current evidence of cancer comorbidity in these brain disorders and discuss the putative roles of oxidative stress, DNA damage and DNA repair in the aetiopathology of schizophrenia and ASD.
Review on Graph Clustering and Subgraph Similarity Based Analysis of Neurological Disorders
Authors: Thomas Jaya , Seo Dongmin , Sael Lee
Published: June 2016

How can complex relationships among molecular or clinico-pathological entities of neurological disorders be represented and analyzed? Graphs seem to be the current answer to the question no matter the type of information: molecular data, brain images or neural signals. We review a wide spectrum of graph representation and graph analysis methods and their application in the study of both the genomic level and the phenotypic level of the neurological disorder. We find numerous research works that create, process and analyze graphs formed from one or a few data types to gain an understanding of specific aspects of the neurological disorders. Furthermore, with the increasing number of data of various types becoming available for neurological disorders, we find that integrative analysis approaches that combine several types of data are being recognized as a way to gain a global understanding of the diseases. Although there are still not many integrative analyses of graphs due to the complexity in analysis, multi-layer graph analysis is a promising framework that can incorporate various data types. We describe and discuss the benefits of the multi-layer graph framework for studies of neurological disease.
A Newborn with Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome: The Importance of Timely Diagnostic Work-Up in Patients Presenting with Cutis Laxa
Authors: Pichler Karin , Ralser Elisabeth , Resch Maria , Steichen-Gersdorf Elisabeth , Maurer Kathrin , Trawöger Rudolf , Kiechl-Kohlendorfer Ursula
Published: June 2016

Arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS) is a rare, autosomal recessively inherited connective tissue disorder characterized by severe and widespread arterial tortuosity of the aorta and of middle-sized arteries with an increased risk of aneurysm, dissection, and stenosis involving either the aorta or the pulmonary arteries or both. In this article, we report the clinical findings and molecular characterization of a newborn with ATS presenting with cutis laxa, respiratory distress, and dislocation of the nasogastric tube due to a gastric volvulus and an open pleuroperitoneal channel. Based on this case report, we emphasize early diagnostic work-up in all patients presenting with cutis laxa in order to prevent adverse cardiovascular events. Data suggests that early diagnosis is life-saving in these patients.
Spearman’s Hypothesis Tested on Black Adults: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Te Nijenhuis Jan , Van den Hoek Michael
Published: June 2016

Blacks generally score significantly lower on intelligence tests than Whites. Spearman’s hypothesis predicts that there will be large Black/White differences on subtests of high cognitive complexity, and smaller Black/White differences on subtests of lower cognitive complexity. Spearman’s hypothesis tested on samples of Blacks and Whites has consistently been confirmed in many studies on children and adolescents, but there are many fewer studies on adults. We carried out a meta-analysis where we collected the existing tests of Spearman’s hypothesis on adults and collected additional datasets on Black and White adults that could be used to test Spearman’s hypothesis. Our meta-analytical search resulted in a total of 10 studies with a total of 15 datapoints, with participants numbering 251,085 Whites and 22,326 Blacks in total. For all these data points, the correlation between the loadings of a general factor that is manifested in individual differences on all mental tests, regardless of content (g) and standardized group differences was computed. The analysis of all 15 data points yields a mean vector correlation of 0.57. Spearman’s hypothesis is confirmed comparing Black and White adults. The differences between Black and White adults are strongly in line with those previously found for children and adults; however, because of lack of access to the original data, we could not test for measurement invariance.
Gene Transcript Profiling in Sea Otters Post-Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: A Tool for Marine Ecosystem Health Assessment
Authors: Bowen Lizabeth , Miles A. , Ballachey Brenda , Waters Shannon , Bodkin James
Published: June 2016

Using a panel of genes stimulated by oil exposure in a laboratory study, we evaluated gene transcription in blood leukocytes sampled from sea otters captured from 2006–2012 in western Prince William Sound (WPWS), Alaska, 17–23 years after the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS). We compared WPWS sea otters to reference populations (not affected by the EVOS) from the Alaska Peninsula (2009), Katmai National Park and Preserve (2009), Clam Lagoon at Adak Island (2012), Kodiak Island (2005) and captive sea otters in aquaria. Statistically, sea otter gene transcript profiles separated into three distinct clusters: Cluster 1, Kodiak and WPWS 2006–2008 (higher relative transcription); Cluster 2, Clam Lagoon and WPWS 2010–2012 (lower relative transcription); and Cluster 3, Alaska Peninsula, Katmai and captive sea otters (intermediate relative transcription). The lower transcription of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), an established biomarker for hydrocarbon exposure, in WPWS 2010–2012 compared to earlier samples from WPWS is consistent with declining hydrocarbon exposure, but the pattern of overall low levels of transcription seen in WPWS 2010–2012 could be related to other factors, such as food limitation, pathogens or injury, and may indicate an inability to mount effective responses to stressors. Decreased transcriptional response across the entire gene panel precludes the evaluation of whether or not individual sea otters show signs of exposure to lingering oil. However, related studies on sea otter demographics indicate that by 2012, the sea otter population in WPWS had recovered, which indicates diminishing oil exposure.
6-[(4-Chlorophenyl)(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]-3-methyl-2(3H)-benzoxazolone
Authors: Gerova Mariana , Ivanova Yordanka , Chanev Christo , Petrov Ognyan
Published: June 2016

A new hybrid molecule containing a triazole and a benzoxazolone ring was synthesized. The structure of 6-[(4-chlorophenyl)(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) methyl]-3-methyl-2(3H)-benzoxazolone was confirmed by IR, 1H-, 13C-NMR, MS and elemental analysis.
Circulating microRNAs as Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Schou Jakob , Johansen Julia , Nielsen Dorte , Rossi Simona
Published: June 2016

MiRNAs are suggested as promising cancer biomarkers. They are stable and extractable from a variety of clinical tissue specimens (fresh frozen or formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue) and a variety of body fluids (e.g., blood, urine, saliva). However, there are several challenges that need to be solved, considering their potential as biomarkers in cancer, such as lack of consistency between biomarker panels in independent studies due to lack of standardized sample handling and processing, use of inconsistent normalization approaches, and differences in patients populations. Focusing on colorectal cancer (CRC), divergent results regarding circulating miRNAs as prognostic or predictive biomarkers are reported in the literature. In the present review, we summarize the current data on circulating miRNAs as prognostic/predictive biomarkers in patients with localized and metastatic CRC (mCRC).
Reference Device-Assisted Adaptive Location Fingerprinting
Authors: Wu Dongjin , Xia Linyuan
Published: June 2016

Location fingerprinting suffers in dynamic environments and needs recalibration from time to time to maintain system performance. This paper proposes an adaptive approach for location fingerprinting. Based on real-time received signal strength indicator (RSSI) samples measured by a group of reference devices, the approach applies a modified Universal Kriging (UK) interpolant to estimate adaptive temporal and environmental radio maps. The modified UK can take the spatial distribution characteristics of RSSI into account. In addition, the issue of device heterogeneity caused by multiple reference devices is further addressed. To compensate the measuring differences of heterogeneous reference devices, differential RSSI metric is employed. Extensive experiments were conducted in an indoor field and the results demonstrate that the proposed approach not only adapts to dynamic environments and the situation of changing APs’ positions, but it is also robust toward measuring differences of heterogeneous reference devices.
Overhauser Geomagnetic Sensor Based on the Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Effect for Magnetic Prospecting
Authors: Ge Jian , Dong Haobin , Liu Huan , Yuan Zhiwen , Dong He , Zhao Zhizhuo , Liu Yonghua , Zhu Jun , Zhang Haiyang
Published: June 2016

Based on the dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) effect, an alternative design of an Overhauser geomagnetic sensor is presented that enhances the proton polarization and increases the amplitude of the free induction decay (FID) signal. The short-pulse method is adopted to rotate the enhanced proton magnetization into the plane of precession to create an FID signal. To reduce the negative effect of the powerful electromagnetic interference, the design of the anti-interference of the pick-up coil is studied. Furthermore, the radio frequency polarization method based on the capacitive-loaded coaxial cavity is proposed to improve the quality factor of the resonant circuit. In addition, a special test instrument is designed that enables the simultaneous testing of the classical proton precession and the Overhauser sensor. Overall, comparison experiments with and without the free radical of the Overhauser sensors show that the DNP effect does effectively improve the amplitude and quality of the FID signal, and the magnetic sensitivity, resolution and range reach to 10 pT/Hz 1 / 2 @1 Hz, 0.0023 nT and 20–100 μ T, respectively.
Aeromonas hydrophila OmpW PLGA Nanoparticle Oral Vaccine Shows a Dose-Dependent Protective Immunity in Rohu (Labeo rohita)
Authors: Dubey Saurabh , Avadhani Kiran , Mutalik Srinivas , Sivadasan Sangeetha , Maiti Biswajit , Paul Joydeb , Girisha Shivani , Venugopal Moleyur , Mutoloki Stephen , Evensen Øystein , Karunasagar Indrani , Munang’andu Hetron
Published: June 2016

Aeromonas hydrophila is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes high mortality in different fish species and at different growth stages. Although vaccination has significantly contributed to the decline of disease outbreaks in aquaculture, the use of oral vaccines has lagged behind the injectable vaccines due to lack of proven efficacy, that being from primary immunization or by use of boost protocols. In this study, the outer membrane protein W (OmpW) of A. hydrophila was cloned, purified, and encapsulated in poly d,l-lactide-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) for oral vaccination of rohu (Labeo rohita Hamilton). The physical properties of PLGA NPs encapsulating the recombinant OmpW (rOmpW) was characterized as having a diameter of 370–375 nm, encapsulation efficiency of 53% and −19.3 mV zeta potential. In vitro release of rOmpW was estimated at 34% within 48 h of incubation in phosphate-buffered saline. To evaluate the efficacy of the NP-rOmpW oral vaccine, two antigen doses were orally administered in rohu with a high antigen (HiAg) dose that had twice the amount of antigens compared to the low antigen (LoAg) dose. Antibody levels obtained after vaccination showed an antigen dose dependency in which fish from the HiAg group had higher antibody levels than those from the LoAg group. The antibody levels corresponded with post challenge survival proportions (PCSPs) and relative percent survival (RPS) in which the HiAg group had a higher PCSP and RPS than the LoAg group. Likewise, the ability to inhibit A. hydrophila growth on trypticase soy agar (TSA) by sera obtained from the HiAg group was higher than that from the LoAg group. Overall, data presented here shows that OmpW orally administered using PLGA NPs is protective against A. hydrophila infection with the level of protective immunity induced by oral vaccination being antigen dose-dependent. Future studies should seek to optimize the antigen dose and duration of oral immunization in rohu in order to induce the highest protection in vaccinated fish.
The effect of lysophosphatidic acid using a hydrogel or collagen sponge carrier on bone healing in dogs
Authors: Martinez Steven , Karin Norman , Lin Genyao , Tarasevich Barbara , Pool Roy , Might Kelly
Published: June 2016

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to determine: 1) the efficacy of polycaprolac-tone-g-polyethylene glycol (PCL-g-PEG) and polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA-g-PEG) hydrogels and an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) as carriers for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), 2) the effect of LPA on bone healing in dogs, and 3) the ideal dose of LPA to maximally stimulate bone healing.

Methods: Bilateral ulnar ostectomies were performed on purpose bred dogs. Control defects were filled with a PCL-g-PEG or PLGA-g-PEG hydrogel, or a saline soaked ACS. Contralateral defects were filled with a PCL-g-PEG or PLGA-g-PEG hydrogel, or an ACS with each carrying differing concentrations of an LPA solution. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed. Total bone area (TBA), mineral density (BMD), and mineral content (BMC) were determined at each time point. Relationships between the effect of treatment over time on TBA, BMC and BMD were determined.

Results: Phase 1 - There was no significant difference in DXA-based TBA (p = 0.09), BMC (p = 0.33), or BMD (p = 0.74) over time between LPA treatments, or between the LPA treated and control groups TBA (p = 0.95), BMC (p = 0.99), or BMD (p = 0.46). Phase 2 - There was no significant difference over time between LPA treatments in DXA-based TBA (p = 0.33), BMC (p = 0.45), or BMD (p = 0.43), or between the LPA treated and control groups TBA (p = 0.94), BMC (p = 0.38), or BMD (p = 0.17). Phase 3 - There was no significant difference over time between LPA treatments in DXA-based TBA (p = 0.78), BMC (p = 0.88), or BMD (p = 0.35), or between the LPA treated and control groups TBA (p = 0.07), BMC (p = 0.85), or BMD (p = 0.06). There was a significant increase in TBA (p <0.0001) and BMC (p = 0.0014), but a significant decrease in BMD (p <0.0001) was noted over time when all groups were combined.

Clinical significance: Although LPA has shown promise as an osteoinductive agent in research, its performance as a bone graft substitute, as utilized in this study, is unsupported. Further studies are necessary to determine the incorporation and elution kinetics of LPA from the PLGA-g-PEG hydrogel and from an ACS. Hydrogels may have clinical applications for delaying or preventing bone formation.
The morphosemantics of Spanish indefinites
Authors: Martí Luisa
Published: June 2016

I analyze the Spanish indefinites algún and algunos as a paucal and a greater paucal determiner, respectively, contrary to the common assumption that views the former as singular and the latter as plural. I use Harbour’s  (2014) feature [±additive], and the possibility of repeating that feature, in order to do so. I propose a transparent word-internal compositional analysis of the two determiners, where alg- contributes [−additive] to both of them. I discuss consequences for the semantics of morphological plurality in nouns and for the analysis of ignorance implicatures.
Pragmatic inferences with numeral modifiers: Novel experimental data
Authors: Alexandropoulou Stavroula , Dotlacil Jakub , McNabb Yaron , Nouwen Rick
Published: June 2016

We present two experiments that probe so-called variation effects of modified numerals that appear in the scope of a universal quantifiers (Geurts & Nouwen 2007; Büring 2008). For example, Every street was guarded by at least three policemen suggests that not every street was guarded by the same number of policemen. This kind of variation is similar to inferences observed with epistemic indefinites. We show, however, that indefinites and modified numerals must differ with respect to the underlying mechanism, or, more specifically, with respect to the structure of the set of alternatives that determines the pragmatic inferences. Results from our experiments indicate that the variation effects of modified numerals include the inference of a witness for the lowest number compatible with the modified numeral. We found the same effects for at least as for more than, but the inferences are weaker for the latter.
The Effect of the Presence of Fibromyalgia on Common Clinical Disease Activity Indices in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Brikman Shay , Furer Victoria , Wollman Jonathan , Borok Sara , Matz Hagit , Polachek Arik , Elalouf Ofir , Sharabi Amir , Kaufman Ilana , Paran Daphna , Elkayam Ori
Published: June 2016

Objective.

To study the effect of the presence of fibromyalgia (FM) on common clinical disease activity indices in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Methods.

Seventy-three consecutive outpatients with PsA (mean age 51.7 yrs; 42 females, 57.5%) were enrolled in a prospective cross-sectional study. FM was determined according to American College of Rheumatism criteria (2010 and 1990). All patients underwent clinical evaluation of disease activity and completed the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), the Dermatology Life Quality Index, and the Leeds Enthesitis Index (LEI). Disease activity was evaluated using the Composite Psoriatic Disease Activity Index (CPDAI), minimal disease activity (MDA), and the Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) scores.

Results.

The overall prevalence of FM was 17.8% (13 patients), and all but 1 were women (12 patients, 92.3%, p = 0.005). CPDAI and DAPSA scores were significantly higher in patients with coexisting PsA and FM (9.23 ± 1.92 and 27.53 ± 19.23, respectively) than in patients with PsA only (4.25 ± 3.14 and 12.82 ± 12.71, respectively; p < 0.001 and p = 0.003). None of the patients with FM + PsA met the criteria for MDA, whereas 26 PsA-only patients did (43.3%, p = 0.003). HAQ, BASDAI, and LEI scores were significantly worse in patients with PsA and associated FM.

Conclusion.

Coexisting FM is related to worse scores on all tested measures in patients with PsA. Its influence should be taken into consideration in the treatment algorithm to avoid unnecessary upgrading of treatment.
La réponse pénale à l’usage des stupéfiants, entre politique répressive et mesures à caractère sanitaire et pédagogique
Authors: Ogrodnik Marysia , Kopp Pierre-Alexandre
Published: June 2016

La loi de 1970 « relative aux mesures sanitaires de lutte contre la toxicomanie et à la répression du trafic et de l’usage illicite de substance vénéneuses » constitue encore le principal cadre légal des politiques prohibitionnistes en France. Elle laisse pourtant dans un flou juridique la distinction entre usage récréatif et toxicomanie d’une part, et d’autre part entre consommateur.trice et trafiquant.e, ce qui conduit à un relatif arbitraire des condamnations.
Les drogues et la guerre
Authors: Kamienski Lukasz , Landel Pauline , Ouardi Samira
Published: June 2016

Les exigences inhumaines imposées aux soldats ont conduit les armées du monde à produire des stimulants artificiels en masse, d’abord pour améliorer les performances de leurs troupes, ensuite pour rendre les combats et leurs conséquences psychologiquement supportables.
Les droits de l’homme et la pensée politique de gauche au Brésil
Authors: Lefort Claude
Published: June 2016

La gauche brésilienne a longtemps été dédaigneuse de la question des droits de l’homme jugée à l’aune des « droits formels » et de la « démocratie bourgeoise ». Comme le montre Luciano de Oliveira c’est durant la dictature militaire que la gauche va tout à la fois rompre avec le marxisme révolutionnaire et se doter d’une nouvelle culture politique prenant en compte la question du droit. La réflexion sur l’histoire de ces transformations conduit à s’interroger sur la façon dont la dictature reçut à ses débuts de nombreux appuis populaires, comment de larges secteurs légitimèrent les multiples violations des droits de l’homme à l’encontre des opposants. L’avènement d’un régime démocratique se traduisit par un souci nouveau de l’égalité entre les citoyens et partant suscita un regard nouveau sur l’usage de la torture et de la violence.
La réélection d’Evo Morales à la présidence de la Bolivie
Authors: Lavaud Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2016

Evo Morales a été réélu pour la troisième fois consécutive président de l’État plurinational de Bolivie avec le score officiel de 61,5 % des suffrages. Et les candidats présentés par son parti, le Movimiento al socialismo (MAS), ont gagné les 2/3 des sièges de l’ Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional (ALP), tant au sein de la Chambre des députés qu’au Sénat. Ce résultat flatteur s’explique en partie par le charisme du candidat et la bonne santé économique du pays – principalement causée par le cours avantageux des matières premières que le pays exporte – mais l’ampleur du succès tient aux nombreuses fraudes orchestrées par le pouvoir exécutif avec la complicité du Tribunal supremo electoral .
Le lieu de la dialectique hégélienne dans la pensée de Paul Ricœur
Authors: Picardi Roberta
Published: June 2016

Cet essai reconstruit les principales étapes de la confrontation de Ricœur avec la dialectique de Hegel, depuis ses premières notes manuscrites sur « Hegel et la négativité » jusqu’à l’essai de 1975, « Le lieu de la dialectique ». L’objectif que l’on vise est triple. Il s’agit tout d’abord de reconstruire dans sa genèse l’effort ricœurien de « régionalisation » de la dialectique hégélienne, dont les raisons ne peuvent pas être réduites à un refus générique des effets de totalisation systématique de l’identification hégélienne entre négation et médiation. Le deuxième objectif est la mise en relève des raisons exogènes et endogènes qui sous-tendent l’élargissement et le déplacement que le lieu de la dialectique hégélienne subit, suite à la greffe ricœurienne de l’herméneutique sur la phénoménologie. Enfin, on vise à déterminer la place variable que la dialectique hégélienne occupe par rapport aux autres « dialectiques » qui nourrissent le style dialectique de la philosophie de Ricœur, de la « dialectique » du paradoxe de Kierkegaard et de la dialectique des cinq genres du Sophiste – telles qu’il les interprète – à la dialectique nabertienne entre acte et signes.
Construire le street workout , faire le genre : snapshots ethnographiques sur le bricolage identitaire engagé par les pratiquant-e-s de « fitness des rues »
Authors: Mueller Alain
Published: June 2016

Dans cet article, je m’intéresse au travail de mobilisation de différentes logiques et catégories par les adeptes de street workout , une nouvelle forme d’activité sportive urbaine, pour rationaliser leur pratique, la mettre en récit et la promouvoir. J’entreprends cet examen en m’intéressant plus particulièrement (1) au genre, que je conceptualise comme une forme de travail, engagé de manière routinière et mobilisant un ensemble de ressources (logiques, représentations et catégories) préexistantes, et dont le résultat participe à la consolidation ou à la transformation de ces dernières ; et (2) aux modalités de son entremêlement dans un bricolage identitaire plus large, participant de la mobilisation conjointe de différents registres d’identification et de classification, comme l’ethnicité, le milieu, la territorialité et les groupes de pratiquants à différentes échelles (communauté imaginée de pratiquant-e-s à échelle globale, groupes de pairs locaux). Dans un premier temps, je propose une contextualisation historique du street workout, avec une attention particulière portée aux usages, aux trajectoires et aux effets de différentes catégories et des registres d’identification et de classification auxquels elles renvoient. Dans un second temps, je poursuis cette analyse en m’intéressant plus spécifiquement aux discours tenus par les adeptes de street workout pour promouvoir leur activité sportive et qui, pour des raisons que j’explique, constituent souvent le terreau sur lequel vient s’articuler plus directement la mise en récit du genre. Je montre ainsi que ces discours participent souvent d’un encouragement actif à la participation des femmes au street workout, et plus largement d’une posture pouvant être qualifiée, dans une certaine mesure, de (pro-)féministe. Je m’intéresse ensuite aux stratégies déployées pour tenter de pallier le décalage entre cette logique d’encouragement de la pratique des femmes et le fait que la discipline demeure néanmoins pratiquée majoritairement par des hommes. Je m’intéresse enfin aux arguments mobilisés par les pratiquant-e-s pour expliquer la persistance de ce décalage, et montre que ceux-ci laissent transparaître une forme de mise à l’épreuve de la posture (pro-)féministe par des logiques et des représentations qui les précèdent, et notamment certains stéréotypes de genre.
Action sociale et service public
Authors: Lafore Robert
Published: June 2016

L’action sociale entretient des rapports complexes avec le « service public ». Constitué à la fois de structures publiques et d’organismes de droit privé, ce dualisme organique a été dépassé par le développement d’une police administrative visant non les gestionnaires mais leurs activités circonscrites dans les notions d’« établissements » et de « services ». À l’heure où tant les services publics que les activités privées qui lui sont associées connaissent des mutations convergentes du fait du centrage de l’action sociale sur « l’usager » et du développement de méthodes de management pratiquant une forme de syncrétisme fonctionnel entre activités publiques et marché, les évolutions en cours amènent à s’interroger sur les voies et moyens de la production du « bien commun » qu’ont encore en partage tant les personnes publiques que les groupements intermédiaires qui visent de concert l’intérêt général et l’utilité sociale.
The “Fish Hook” Technique for Bony Mallet Finger
Authors: Kim Dong Hee , Kang Hong Je , Choi Ji Woong
Published: June 2016

This study describes a new technique called the “fish hook” technique for the treatment of bony mallet finger. This technique catches the dorsal fragment with a bent K-wire shaped like a fish hook. Transarticular fixation is performed with another K-wire. This technique does not directly penetrate the bone fragment to prevent fragment comminution. This study included 26 patients with mallet finger fractures who underwent surgery using the fish hook technique between 2010 and 2014. The fractures were classified according to the method of Wehbe and Schneider. The fracture fragment was fixed with a fish hook technique in all patients. The K-wire was removed after 6 weeks, when bone union was achieved. Clinical parameters, including range of motion and extensor lag, were assessed at the distal interphalangeal joint according to Crawford's criteria. The mean follow-up period was 12.8 months. Mean extensor lag was 3°, and mean range of flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint was 76°. All patients achieved bone union after 6 weeks. According to Crawford's criteria, there were 20 excellent results, 5 good results, and 1 fair result. No complications, including skin necrosis, pin loosening, and nail deformity, occurred. The fish hook technique is an effective treatment option for bony mallet finger and provides good clinical and radiologic results. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(5):295–298.]
Arteriovenous Fistula Formation After Intra-articular Injection Following Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Kane Ian , Post Zachary , Ong Alvin , Orozco Fabio
Published: June 2016

Intra-articular joint capsule injection is a common method used to control postoperative pain as a result of primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). It is generally considered a safe practice and is highly effective in reducing the need for postoperative opioid administration as well as decreasing recovery time through early mobilization. However, any injection into the posterior knee space has the potential to injure the vascular structures surrounding the knee. Iatrogenic formation of an arteriovenous fistula is a rare complication after TKA, and there are no reported cases of arteriovenous fistula formation as a direct result of intra-articular injection. This case report describes this complication that occurred several days after TKA. The patient had acute pain and swelling in the treated leg. An arteriovenous fistula of the popliteal artery and vein was identified with bilateral Doppler ultrasound and confirmed by angiogram. The most likely inciting event for the formation of the arteriovenous fistula was intra-articular injection of bupivacaine, which likely pierced the popliteal artery and vein, allowing the formation of the patent channel. The patient was treated successfully with stent placement through interventional radiology. Orthopedic surgeons performing intra-articular injections of the knee should refamiliarize themselves with the anatomy and location of the popliteal artery, use smaller-gauge needles, and aspirate the syringe before the injection to decrease the risk of iatrogenic damage to the vasculature or fistula formation. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(5):e976–e979.]
Effect of Short-Term Separation on the Behavioral Health of Military Wives
Authors: Oblea Pedro N. , Badger Terry A. , Hopkins-Chadwick Denise L.
Published: June 2016

In the current prospective observational study, the impact of short-term separation on female spouses of male military officers who were scheduled to participate in a resident training program was evaluated. Using pre- and post-survey designs, participants were assessed 2 weeks prior to separation and 2 weeks prior to their husbands' returns. Participants completed the following scales: the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Relationship Assessment Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory II Scale. No significant differences were found in perceived social support, resilience, perceived stress, relationship satisfaction, or depression scores pre- and post-separation. As predicted, depression scores were positively correlated with perceived stress scores and negatively correlated with resiliency and relationship satisfaction scores. Women with higher levels of resilience experienced lower levels of post-separation stress. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services
,
54
(6), 45–51.]
Selection of landmarks and semilandmarks in fishes for geometric morphometric analyses: a comparative study based on analytical methods
Authors: Farré Marc , Tuset Víctor M. , Maynou Francesc , Recasens Laura , Lombarte Antoni
Published: June 2016

We applied and compared three different sets of landmarks and semilandmarks commonly used in studies of fish assemblages to identify a standardized method of landmark selection that includes the maximum amount of morphological information of species. The different landmark-based methods used produced differences regarding the distribution of case-study species within the morphospace. We suggest that adding landmarks and semilandmarks that provide more specific information about anatomical structures with important roles in the biology of species, such as transformed fins or sensory organs, contributes to a clearer differentiation of species within the morphospace and a better interpretation of their occupancy. In addition, three types of method were used to establish how species are distributed within morphospace. The results demonstrated that aggregation points methods, including analyses based on quadrants or distances, are more appropriate for this purpose than indices of morphological disparity. The results also confirmed that although numerical methods are needed to test the statistical significance of outcomes, graphical methods provide a more intuitive interpretation of morphospace occupancy. The kernel density and Gabriel graph were useful to infer the morphospace zone where species are more densely grouped, improving the knowledge of space occupancy and structural complexity of fish assemblages.
Grace under Fire
Authors: Thomas Ursula , Drake Jill
Published: June 2016

Understanding why women are underrepresented in various Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics fields remains an important area of research. In the United States and in many industrialized nations around the world, STEM professions remain male dominated. Explanations for why women are not participating STEM professions are many and diverse. The Ecology Systems Theory (EST) presents a lens through which the causes for the continued underrepresentation of women in STEM fields may be examined. EST is widely accepted theoretical framework for exploring the influences that contribute to the development of an individual. The study presented in this chapter explored the familial, educational, economic, and social experiences of 125 female participants working in a STEM field. Findings suggest there are influences at specific levels in EST that can and do affect the educational and career aspirations of women in relationship to STEM fields.
Barriers to Success
Authors: Haswell Melissa M.
Published: June 2016

Cultural ideals of gender normativity creates stereotypes that lead to the identification of specific occupations as being male-oriented or female-oriented, further perpetuating institutional sexism. Research shows that stereotypical beliefs are pervasive and exist in all professions, including higher education. Women academics, especially in the STEM fields, are still present in low numbers and often have to sacrifice marriage and family for their careers due to the overarching masculine organizational structure that forms the basis of most higher education institutions. This chapter will discuss the history of women in academia, gender equity in higher education, and the consequences of gender normative language on women in academia.
Concept and Role of Local Self-Government in the Contemporary State
Authors: Panara Carlo
Published: June 2016

In this study the key features of local self-government in the contemporary state will be analyzed and will be focused on European systems of local governance and particularly on Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Sweden, Spain, The Netherlands and the UK. In this context the European Union will be referenced as an additional layer of governance above the state. In addition to a legal perspective, suggestions coming from other disciplines will be used such as, sociology, philosophy and especially political science. Main argument in this text is that a system of governance which includes strong local decentralisation is a good system of government fulfilling fundamental goals of constitutionalism.
Association between periphyton and bioflocs systems in intensive culture of juvenile Nile tilapia
Authors: Cavalcante Davi De Holanda , Lima Francisco Roberto dos Santos , Rebouças Vanessa Tomaz , Sá Marcelo Vinícius do Carmo e
Published: June 2016

The present work aimed at determining the effects of the association between the periphyton-based system with the bioflocs-based system in the intensive culture of juvenile Nile tilapia (1.56 ± 0.07 g; 72 fish m-3), on variables of water quality, growth performance and effluent quality after 10 weeks. The experiment was arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial randomized block design with four treatments and five repetitions each. The factors tested were the following: ‘underwater structure’ (absence and presence) and ‘adjustment of the C: N ratio of water’ (no and yes). The final fish body weight, specific growth rate and yield were higher (p < 0.05) in the C: N-adjusted tanks. The presence of submerged structures in the tanks had no significant influence on those same variables. It was concluded that the periphyton-based system is not indicated for intensive farming of Nile tilapia, in which there is a high allowance of artificial feed to fish.
Os Incentivos dos Diferentes Tipos de Dupla Listagem ao Conservadorismo Contábil
Authors: Castro Elizangela Lourdes de , Costa Fábio Moraes da , Reis Anderson De Oliveira
Published: June 2016

No período 1998-2007, houve um aumento do número de empresas brasileiras que emitiram valores mobiliários em outros mercados, especialmente o norte-americano.  Em virtude disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se a opção das empresas brasileiras listadas na BM&FBOVESPA pela dupla listagem no mercado norte americano criou incentivos para aumentar o grau de conservadorismo dessas empresas. Para alcançar este objetivo, foram testadas três hipóteses em função do tipo de listagem: 1 – Aderir à dupla listagem incentiva o conservadorismo das empresas; 2 – Aderir aos níveis II e III incentiva o conservadorismo das empresas. 3 – Aderir à listagem nos níveis III e 144A incentiva o grau de conservadorismo das empresas. Para medir o grau de conservadorismo foram utilizados os modelos de Basu (1997) e Ball e Shivakumar (2005), estimados em painel, para o período de 1998 a 2007. Os resultados encontrados nos testes mostraram que não houve mudança no nível de conservadorismo em nenhum dos tipos de dupla listagem das empresas no mercado norte-americano. Isto permite inferir que a dupla listagem não incentivou a um comportamento mais conservador por parte daquelas empresas. Em relação à amostra de todas as empresas, apenas no modelo de Ball e Shivakumar (2005) os resultados indicaram presença de conservadorismo.
Effect of Mass Flow Rate on Dryer Room Radiator Pressure Drop and Heat Transfer
Authors: Mirmanto  , Sulistyowati Emmy Dyah , Okariawan I Ketut
Published: June 2016

In the rainy season, in tropical countries, to dry stuffs is difficult. Using electrical power or fossil energy is an expensive way. Therefore, it is wise to utilize heat waste. A device that can be used for this purpose is called radiator. The effect of mass flow rate on pressure drop and heat transfer for a dryer room radiator have been experimentally investigated. The room model size was 1000 mm x 1000 mm x 1000 mm made of plywood and the overall radiator dimension was 360 mm x 220 mm x 50 mm made of copper pipes with aluminium fins. Three mass flow rates were investigated namely 12.5 g/s, 14 g/s and 16.5 g/s. The water temperature at the entrance was increased gradually and then kept at 80°C. The maximum temperature reached in the dryer room was 50°C which was at the point just above the radiator. The effect of the mass flow rate on the room temperature was insignificant, while the effect on the pressure drop was significant. Moreover, the pressure drop decreased as the inlet temperature increased. In general, the radiator is recommended to be used as the heat source in a dryer room.
CFD Analysis on Thermal Comfort and Indoor Air Quality Affected by Partitions in Air-Conditioned Building
Authors: Aryal Pradip , Leephakpreeda Thananchai
Published: June 2016

This paper presents a CFD analysis on thermal comfort and indoor air quality affected by partitions in an air-conditioned building. CFD experiments are carried out to simulate variables of indoor air before/after installation or removal of partitions. Accordingly, the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) is determined as an indicator of thermal comfort while the carbon dioxide concentration within an air-conditioned space is used for the assessment of indoor air quality. Some simulated results are validated by measurements with good agreement where a case study is conducted in an air-conditioned space of a library. With the proposed methodology, it can be recommended in a case study that the significant effects of partition on thermal comfort are observed where the area with neutral sensation and slightly-cool sensation reduces significantly. The occupants feel uncomfortably cold after installing partition. The carbon dioxide concentrations slightly increase in some areas but the average concentration remains acceptable according to ASHRAE standard. Without the reinforcement of the air-conditioning units, the installation of partition at the desired location is not encouraged regarding to occupant’s thermal comfort and indoor air quality.
CFD Based Investigations into Optimization of Diffuser Angle on Rear Bus Body
Authors: Widodo Wawan Aries , Karohmah Mutiara Nuril
Published: June 2016

Fluid flow interaction around bluff body to create aerodynamic forces including drag and lift force. The strategy to improve arodynamic forces to modify the shape of rear body. This investigation is conducted to simulate fluid flow past a bus body with variation of diffuser angle on the rear. The diffuser angle was set to 0°, 6°, 12°, and 18°, respectively. The CFD simulation results shown that diffuser on rear body bus models able to improve the aerodynamic forces and wake structure are correspond with incresing diffuser angle. The drag coefficient was reduced until 2.3% is related with diffuser angle (β) 180, also, diffuser angle (β) 120 capable to increase downforce significantly until ten times are compared with zero diffuser angle.
A CFD Analysis of the Viscous Fluid Behavior of Glycerin in Various of Stirring Patterns
Authors: Wulandari Retno , Wardana I.N.G. , Wahyudi Slamet , Hamidi Nurkholis
Published: June 2016

The important matter of mixing at both micro and macro-fluidic levels has to be studied for determining how to achieve proper stirring ways. In order to analyse this matter, the first problem was how to visualise and especially how to measure the stirring process in a certain flow. In this study, the behavior of viscous glycerin employing various stirring patterns was investigated. The changes in glycerin solutions were observed by means of streamline flow topology and particle track arising from four variations in configurations: the same stirring directions of rod and vessel (RUN 1), opposite stirring directions of rod and vessel (RUN 2), stationary rod and rotating vessel (RUN 3), stirring rod and stationary vessel (RUN 4). The flow pattern was analyzed with ANSYS computational fluid dynamic tool. The simulation results shows that the opposite direction stirring pattern configuration produced more vortices than those of the same direction stirring patterns and the stirring rod pattern generated more vortices in almost all parts of the vessel than stationary rod pattern.
Rheology Margarine on Non-Newtonian Fluid Proving through Small Gap
Authors: Harijono Agus , Wardana I.N.G. , Hamidi Nurkholis , Widhiyanuriyawan Denny
Published: June 2016

Theory and principles of rheology can be used for, process control, product design and as a tool for prediction process if the process could not actually be measured. The purpose of this research is to find rheological properties of margarine in dough/non-newtonian fluid developed on two parallel flat acrylic separated by an infinitesimally small gap. The driving force of the development fluid is CO2 fermented yeast. Fluid driven and expands passed a small gap in various sizes. Development time and time to pass through the small gap measured. The samples are used are two, dough without addition of margarine and other. Experiments showed that fluid added by margarine would be easier to pass through small gap than other, characterized by shorter time to pass through the small gap.
Flexible and Ergonomically Three Wheel Bike for Post Stroke Patient
Authors: Batan I. Made Londen , Syifa  , Prasetyo Danny
Published: June 2016

This paper explains the new design of the three wheel bike for post-stroke patients as a equipment for physical therapy. The bike can be pedaled by foot and / or by hand simultaneously. Bike frame is made of aluminum alloy pipe and consists of front and rear frame. The front frame is equipped with a steering system that can regulate the moving of two wheels of diameter of 22 ". The rear frame is equipped with a fold mechanism, shock breaker, seat and chain stay pipes for clamping the rear wheel with diameter of 22 ". The rear frame is also equipped with a mechanism of transfer speed in three levels. Bike length is 1645 mm, width 615 mm and height 1035 mm. However, after folded the bike dimension became 725 mm long, 460 mm wide and 1035 mm high. By using CATIA software the strength frame material is simulated and analyzed. The bike design is evaluated from ergonomics aspect with RULA method. The proposed design is performed into a prototype. The prototype test is conducted. The result test show, that the bike is pedaled, either by hand or foot, strong, safe and comfortable to ride. In order to evaluate the design benefit, the pedal test is also conducted in various pedal velocities by 3 post stroke patients as respondent. During 6 minutes pedaling number of rider heartbeat is measured. The result shows all the number of heartbeat is not exceeded than 120 HR. That means the bike is enough light to pedal or the patient must not give extra power to ride the bike. Moreover, during 4 weeks therapy by cycling the bike, pedal velocity each respondents is increase significantly around 26-96%, this means the muscle contraction of respondents is reduce and developed bike can be used as alternative equipment for physical therapy of post stroke patient. Because light and foldable, the bike can be moved easily and put in the trunk of a car without problem.
Influence of Argon-Nitrogen Gas to Balance the Microstructure in the Welding of Super Duplex Stainless Steel
Authors: Suheni
Published: June 2016

Super duplex stainless steel is steel that has a corrosion resistance and good mechanical strength so that used in industry especially in oil and gas and petrochemical industry. In use in the field is often used for the connection process by welding methods. To produce good welds, it should be noted that the welding procedures and parameters used , especially the heat input. In this study is used the heat input variables shielding gas composition to determine how much influence on the balance of ferrite - austenite phase structure in the weld stainless steels SAF 2507 super duplex with tungsten inert gas welding method (TIG).
Heat input varied by applying different welding speed 1,3,4 and 5 mm /sec while the shielding gas is used 100 % argon, 98 % argon + 2 % nitrogen and 95 % argon + 5 % nitrogen. The result showed that at different welding speeds generated depth and width of the weld metal which is different. Likewise the use of protective gas will produce a different ratio wide and deep of weld metal which is different. By using protective gas 95 % argon + 5 % nitrogen squeak - ausenit phase, resulting in weld metal that is relatively balanced than others. On a slow welding in addition to produce a large heat input also produces weld metal hardness at high and affect the growth of the austenite phase. The higher the heat input ( 2,280 kJ / mm ) , the lower the austenite phase in the weld metal.