bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electronic Properties of Optically Switchable Photochromic Diarylethene Molecules at the Interface with Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Wang Qiankun , Frisch Johannes , Herder Martin , Hecht Stefan , Koch Norbert
Published: February 2017

Light‐switching‐induced changes in the electronic properties of photochromic diarylethene, i.e., 1,2‐bis(2‐methyl‐5‐p‐tolylthiophen‐3‐yl)cyclopent‐1‐ene (DAE1), thin films at interfaces to a gold electrode and two polymer semiconductors are investigated by direct and inverse photoelectron spectroscopy. The photoisomerization is achieved by in situ irradiation of ultraviolet and visible light. Efficient and reversible switching between the open and closed isomers of DAE1 is evidenced at all interfaces, with profound impact on the energy‐level alignment. The frontier occupied level of DAE1 changes by 0.8 eV with respect to the Au Fermi level upon switching. Corresponding sizable changes in the electron and transport level offsets between the two polymers and DAE1 in its open and closed form are determined. This gives rise to fundamentally different functionality of these interfaces in terms of charge transport. Our study proves the viability of light‐controlled energy‐level manipulation at various interfaces in photoswitchable opto‐electronic devices.
CSR Engagement and Earnings Quality in Banks. The Moderating Role of Institutional Factors
Authors: García‐Sánchez Isabel‐María , García‐Meca Emma
Published: February 2017

Our main objective is to study whether banks that follow CSR practices enhance earnings quality. We also analyse whether differences in earnings quality that are driven by CSR engagement are affected in a complementary or substitutive manner by levels of investor protection and bank regulation for financial institutions across countries. To test our predictions, we use a sample of 877 observations, corresponding to 159 banks from 9 countries, for the period 2004–2010. Our results indicate that a bank's commitment to CSR practices enhances earnings persistence as well as cash flow predictability. The empirical evidence also shows that the effect of CSR on the quality of bank earnings is particularly high in countries with higher levels of investor protection and bank regulation, providing evidence that these institutional factors are complementary mechanisms for CSR activities in banks, and suggesting that more socially responsible banks have higher earnings quality in a stricter regulatory environment. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Predictive Guide for Collective CO2 Adsorption Properties of Mg−Al Mixed Oxides
Authors: Kwon Hyuk Jae , Kwon Soonchul , Seo Jeong Gil , Jung In Sun , Son You‐Hwan , Lee Chan Hyun , Lee Ki Bong , Lee Hyun Chul
Published: February 2017

Although solid adsorption processes offer attractive benefits, such as reduced energy demands and penalties compared with liquid absorption processes, there are still pressing needs for solid adsorbents with high adsorption capacities, thermal efficiencies, and energy‐intensive regeneration in gas‐treatment processes. The CO2 adsorption capacities of layered double oxides (LDOs), which are attractive solid adsorbents, have an asymmetric volcano‐type correlation with their relative crystallinities. Furthermore, new collective adsorption properties (adsorption capacity, adsorptive energy and charge‐transfer amount based on the adsorbent weight) are proposed based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations and measured surface areas. The correlation of these collective properties with their crystallinities is in good agreement with the experimentally measured CO2 adsorptive capacity trend, providing a predictive guide for the development of solid adsorbents for gas‐adsorption processes.
Testing the niche variation hypothesis in a community of passerine birds
Authors: Maldonado Karin , Bozinovic Francisco , Newsome Seth D. , Sabat Pablo
Published: February 2017

The niche variation hypothesis (NVH) predicts that populations with broader niches should exhibit greater between‐individual diet variation or individual specialization (IS) relative to populations with narrower niches. Most studies that quantify population niche widths and associated levels of IS typically focus on a single or few species, but studies examining NVH in a phylogenetically informed comparative analysis among species are lacking. Here we use nitrogen isotope (δ15N) analysis to measure population niche widths and IS in a single bird community composed of 12 passerine species representing different foraging guilds. We found support for the NVH at the interspecific level; species with broader population niche widths were comprised of more individual specialists. Moreover, our results suggest that this relationship is influenced by foraging guild; specifically, omnivores have higher degrees of IS for a given population niche width than insectivores. Finally, the levels of IS among passerine species, in contrast to population niche width, were associated with their relatedness, suggesting that the potential phylogenetic effect on the prevalence of IS is higher than previously recognized.
Astrocyte lipid metabolism is critical for synapse development and function in vivo
Authors: van Deijk Anne‐Lieke F. , Camargo Nutabi , Timmerman Jaap , Heistek Tim , Brouwers Jos F. , Mogavero Floriana , Mansvelder Huibert D. , Smit August B. , Verheijen Mark H.G.
Published: February 2017

The brain is considered to be autonomous in lipid synthesis with astrocytes producing lipids far more efficiently than neurons. Accordingly, it is generally assumed that astrocyte‐derived lipids are taken up by neurons to support synapse formation and function. Initial confirmation of this assumption has been obtained in cell cultures, but whether astrocyte‐derived lipids support synapses in vivo is not known. Here, we address this issue and determined the role of astrocyte lipid metabolism in hippocampal synapse formation and function in vivo. Hippocampal protein expression for the sterol regulatory element‐binding protein (SREBP) and its target gene fatty acid synthase (Fasn) was found in astrocytes but not in neurons. Diminishing SREBP activity in astrocytes using mice in which the SREBP cleavage‐activating protein (SCAP) was deleted from GFAP‐expressing cells resulted in decreased cholesterol and phospholipid secretion by astrocytes. Interestingly, SCAP mutant mice showed more immature synapses, lower presynaptic protein SNAP‐25 levels as well as reduced numbers of synaptic vesicles, indicating impaired development of the presynaptic terminal. Accordingly, hippocampal short‐term and long‐term synaptic plasticity were defective in mutant mice. These findings establish a critical role for astrocyte lipid metabolism in presynaptic terminal development and function in vivo. GLIA 2017;65:670–682
The effects on carer well‐being of carer involvement in cognition‐based interventions for people with dementia: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Leung Phuong , Orgeta Vasiliki , Orrell Martin
Published: February 2017

Objectives

To investigate the effects on carer well‐being of carer involvement in cognition‐based interventions (CBIs) for people with dementia.

Methods

A review and meta‐analysis were performed. We searched electronic databases for randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Two reviewers worked independently to select trials, extract data and assess the risk of bias.

Results

A total of 4737 studies was identified. Eight RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Only seven studies with 803 dyads of people with dementia and carers were included in the meta‐analysis. Evidence indicated that carer involvement in CBIs for people with dementia had a beneficial effect on carers' quality of life with effect size Hedges' g = 0.22; 95% confidence interval of 0.02 to 0.42, z = 2.19 and p = 0.03. Carers' depression levels were reduced in the intervention group with effect size Hedges' g = 0.17; 95% confidence interval of 0.02 to 0.32, z = 2.19 and p = 0.03. No significant differences were observed in levels of anxiety symptoms, caregiving relationship and carer burden in the intervention group compared to those in the control group.

Conclusion

Because CBIs are designed to deliver benefit for people with dementia, the collateral benefits for carers have potential implications for the importance of CBIs in service delivery and may contribute to cost effectiveness. However, there remains a lack of quality of research in this area. Particularly, in some outcomes, there was a lack of consistency of results, so the findings should be interpreted with caution. Future studies of the impact of CBIs on carers with larger samples and high‐quality RCTs are warranted. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of lifelong cognitive lifestyle on executive function in older people with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Hindle John V. , Martin‐Forbes Pamela A. , Martyr Anthony , Bastable Alexandra J.M. , Pye Kirstie L. , Mueller Gathercole Virginia C. , Thomas Enlli M. , Clare Linda
Published: February 2017

Objective

Active lifelong cognitive lifestyles increase cognitive reserve and have beneficial effects on global cognition, cognitive decline and dementia risk in Parkinson's disease (PD). Executive function is particularly impaired even in early PD, and this impacts on quality of life. The effects of lifelong cognitive lifestyle on executive function in PD have not been studied previously. This study examined the association between lifelong cognitive lifestyle, as a proxy measure of cognitive reserve, and executive function in people with PD.

Methods

Sixty‐nine people diagnosed with early PD without dementia were recruited as part of the Bilingualism as a protective factor in Age‐related Neurodegenerative Conditions study. Participants completed a battery of tests of executive function. The Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire was completed as a comprehensive assessment of lifelong cognitive lifestyle. Non‐parametric correlations compared clinical measures with executive function scores. Cross‐sectional analyses of covariance were performed comparing the performance of low and high cognitive reserve groups on executive function tests.

Results

Correlational analyses showed that better executive function scores were associated with younger age, higher levodopa dose and higher Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire scores. Higher cognitive reserve was associated with better motor function, but high and low cognitive reserve groups did not differ in executive function.

Conclusions

Cognitive reserve, although associated with global cognition, does not appear to be associated with executive function. This differential effect may reflect the specific cognitive profile of PD. The long‐term effects of cognitive reserve on executive function in PD require further exploration. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lateral arm free tissue transfer for parotid reconstruction: A pictorial essay
Authors: Kang Stephen Y. , Old Matthew O. , Teknos Theodoros N.
Published: February 2017

Background

The goals of parotid reconstruction are to provide accurate volume reconstruction of the defect while minimizing ptosis, optimize color match to surrounding facial skin, maintain anatomic position of the auricle, and to perform facial nerve rehabilitation in cases in which the facial nerve is removed.

Methods and Results

For many complex parotid defects, the lateral arm free tissue transfer achieves these reconstructive goals and is the ideal donor site for microvascular reconstruction. In this pictorial essay, we describe the anatomy, harvest, inset, and reconstructive advantages of the lateral arm free tissue transfer in complex parotid reconstruction.

Conclusions

The lateral arm donor site provides well‐compartmentalized adipose tissue that resists ptosis, favorable color match to facial skin, and the posterior cutaneous nerve to the forearm may be used as a nerve graft for facial nerve rehabilitation. These reconstructive advantages make the lateral arm donor site our primary reconstructive option for complex parotid defects. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 1015–1019, 2017
Effect of the histone deacetylase inhibitor resminostat on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Enzenhofer Elisabeth , Kadletz Lorenz , Stanisz Isabella , Kotowski Ulana , Seemann Rudolf , Schmid Rainer , Thurnher Dietmar , Heiduschka Gregor
Published: February 2017

Background

Carcinogenesis is determined by various epigenetic events, such as histone deacetylation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the new histone deacetylase inhibitor resminostat on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines.

Methods

The cytotoxicity of resminostat and cisplatin on HNSCC cell lines SCC25, CAL27, and FaDu was determined using CCK‐8 cell proliferation assay and combination index analysis. Cells were irradiated with 2 to 8 Gray. Apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry and expression of Mcl‐1, p‐AKT, and survivin was investigated.

Results

Treatment with resminostat showed a decrease of cell proliferation of HNSCC cell lines. In addition, a synergistic effect with cisplatin as well as with radiation treatment could be observed. Induction of cell death and dose‐dependent downregulation of survivin was evident in all cell lines.

Conclusion

Resminostat is a promising treatment of HNSCC because of its antiproliferative, chemosensitizing, and radiosensitizing effects. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 900–907, 2017
Radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma as bridge therapy to liver transplantation: A 10‐year intention‐to‐treat analysis
Authors: Lee Min Woo , Raman Steven S. , Asvadi Nazanin H. , Siripongsakun Surachate , Hicks Robert M. , Chen Jeffrey , Worakitsitisatorn Akeanong , McWilliams Justin , Tong Myron J. , Finn Richard S. , Agopian Vatche G. , Busuttil Ronald W. , Lu David S.K.
Published: February 2017

In a long‐term (10‐year) study of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as bridging therapy in patients listed for orthotopic liver transplantation (LT), we evaluated the impact of RFA on waiting list dropout rate, post‐LT tumor recurrence, and long‐term intention‐to‐treat, disease‐specific survival (DSS). From March 2004 to October 2014, RFA was performed as the initial stand‐alone bridge therapy to LT for 121 patients (men/women ratio, 83:38; mean age, 60.0 years) with 156 de novo HCCs (mean size, 2.4 cm). Follow‐up period from initial RFA ranged from 1.3 to 128.0 months (median, 42.9 months). We assessed the overall and tumor‐specific waiting list dropout rates, post‐LT tumor recurrence, and 10‐year post‐LT and intention‐to‐treat survival rates. Dropout from the waiting list due to tumor progression occurred in 7.4% of patients. HCC recurrence after LT occurred in 5.6% of patients. The post‐LT overall survival (OS) rate at 5 and 10 years was 75.8% and 42.2%, respectively, and the recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rate was 71.1% and 39.6%, respectively. Intention‐to‐treat OS, RFS, and DSS rates for the entire study population at 5 and 10 years were 63.5% and 41.2%, 60.8% and 37.7%, and 89.5% and 89.5%, respectively. Conclusion: RFA as a first‐line stand‐alone bridge therapy to LT achieves excellent long‐term overall and tumor‐specific survivals, with a low dropout rate from tumor progression despite long wait list times and a sustained low tumor recurrence rate upon post‐LT follow‐up of up to 10 years. (Hepatology 2017;65:1979‐1990)
Reduction of cavitation in refrigerant fluid flow through micro passages in the presence of external transverse magnetic fields
Authors: Aminfar H. , Mohammadpourfard M. , Madayen S. A.
Published: February 2017

This paper presents a numerical study of cryogenic fluid flow cavitation in a microchannel and annulus, with forward‐facing step. Two‐phase mixture model is used to simulate the effects of magnetic fields produced by an electrical wire and magnetic doublet on the cavitation region. The results show that considerable reduction of vapor generation due to pressure drop is possible in the presence of an external magnetic fields. This phenomenon occurs due to effect of magnetic field on the pressure distribution in the contraction region and it is observed in both types of studied magnetic fields.
Quantitating the effect of prosthesis design on femoral remodeling using high‐resolution region‐free densitometric analysis (DXA‐RFA)
Authors: Farzi Mohsen , Morris Richard M. , Penny Jeannette , Yang Lang , Pozo Jose M. , Overgaard Søren , Frangi Alejandro F. , Wilkinson Jeremy Mark
Published: February 2017

Dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the reference standard method used to study bone mineral density (BMD) after total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, the subtle, spatially complex changes in bone mass due to strain‐adaptive bone remodeling relevant to different prosthesis designs are not readily resolved using conventional DXA analysis. DXA region free analysis (DXA RFA) is a novel computational image analysis technique that provides a high‐resolution quantitation of periprosthetic BMD. Here, we applied the technique to quantitate the magnitude and areal size of periprosthetic BMD changes using scans acquired during two previous randomized clinical trials (2004 to 2009); one comparing three cemented prosthesis design geometries, and the other comparing a hip resurfacing versus a conventional cementless prosthesis. DXA RFA resolved subtle differences in magnitude and area of bone remodeling between prosthesis designs not previously identified in conventional DXA analyses. A mean bone loss of 10.3%, 12.1%, and 11.1% occurred for the three cemented prostheses within a bone area fraction of 14.8%, 14.4%, and 6.2%, mostly within the lesser trochanter (p < 0.001). For the cementless prosthesis, a diffuse pattern of bone loss (−14.3%) was observed at the shaft of femur in a small area fraction of 0.6% versus no significant bone loss for the hip resurfacing prosthesis (p < 0.001). BMD increases were observed consistently at the greater trochanter for all prostheses except the hip‐resurfacing prosthesis, where BMD increase was widespread across the metaphysis (p < 0.001). DXA RFA provides high‐resolution insights into the effect of prosthesis design on the local strain environment in bone. © 2017 The AuthorsJournal of Orthopaedic Researchpublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 35:2203–2210, 2017.
Improving bald eagle nest monitoring with a second spring survey
Authors: Wilson Tammy L. , Phillips Laura M. , Mangipane Buck A.
Published: February 2017

Failure to account for observation error can cause bias in estimators of variables important for wildlife management and conservation, such as abundance, occupancy, and species composition. Therefore, long‐term monitoring programs need to evaluate sources of bias to ensure that objectives of the program can be met. Although trend estimation is possible using biased estimators, population status, and management decisions can be sensitive to random and systematic heterogeneity in the observation process. For example, standard methods used to monitor reproductive attempts at bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) nests fail to quantify observation error. We used bald eagle nest surveys from 3 national parks in Alaska, USA, to examine their ability to accurately estimate nesting attempts and hypothesized that our ability to perfectly observe nesting activity was related to the timing of the survey relative to peak nest attendance by eagles. We therefore, developed 3 scenarios that evaluated our ability to correctly identify nesting status metrics: peak nesting remained unchanged (observed variation scenario), reduced ability to predict peak nest attendance (high heterogeneity scenario), and peak nest attendance occurred earlier than the survey window (low detection scenario). Eagle nest attendance was consistently underestimated using naïve estimators, but productivity (predicted no. chicks/nesting attempt) was not affected by imperfect detection. All scenarios showed that using replicate observations to model imperfect detection corrected estimator bias for nest attendance and improved the estimator precision for both metrics. Our study demonstrates that imperfect observation of bald eagle nesting activity using standard methods results in estimator bias and reduced precision if not corrected. Further, our simulations show that changes in observation conditions can affect estimator bias and precision, which is an important consideration for long‐term monitoring programs. Therefore, formally modeling imperfect detection should be completed for monitoring programs designed to use nesting status to inform management or conservation decisions. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Effectuation: Exploring a Third Dimension to Tacit Knowledge
Authors: Jisr Rana E. , Maamari Bassem E.
Published: February 2017

Although much research in knowledge management has linked tacit knowledge with its two dimensions, the cognitive and technical, with innovation performance in firms, but exploring a new dimension for tacit knowledge is still a core tenet. In this study, we propose effectuation as a new dimension of tacit knowledge and empirically test a quantifiable model with 331 respondents in the service industry in Lebanon. So our objective is to discover whether this new dimension can enhance the potential of tacit knowledge in affecting innovation performance and thus can very likely be considered a development to the theory of tacit knowledge. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Golden‐ratio rotated stack‐of‐stars acquisition for improved volumetric MRI
Authors: Zhou Ziwu , Han Fei , Yan Lirong , Wang Danny J.J. , Hu Peng
Published: February 2017

Purpose

To develop and evaluate an improved stack‐of‐stars radial sampling strategy for reducing streaking artifacts.

Methods

The conventional stack‐of‐stars sampling strategy collects the same radial angle for every partition (slice) encoding. In an undersampled acquisition, such an aligned acquisition generates coherent aliasing patterns and introduces strong streaking artifacts. We show that by rotating the radial spokes in a golden‐angle manner along the partition‐encoding direction, the aliasing pattern is modified, resulting in improved image quality for gridding and more advanced reconstruction methods. Computer simulations were performed and phantom as well as in vivo images for three different applications were acquired.

Results

Simulation, phantom, and in vivo experiments confirmed that the proposed method was able to generate images with less streaking artifact and sharper structures based on undersampled acquisitions in comparison with the conventional aligned approach at the same acceleration factors. By combining parallel imaging and compressed sensing in the reconstruction, streaking artifacts were mostly removed with improved delineation of fine structures using the proposed strategy.

Conclusions

We present a simple method to reduce streaking artifacts and improve image quality in 3D stack‐of‐stars acquisitions by re‐arranging the radial spoke angles in the 3D partition direction, which can be used for rapid volumetric imaging. Magn Reson Med 78:2290–2298, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Outpatient biofeedback in addition to home pelvic floor muscle training for stress urinary incontinence: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fitz Fátima Faní , Stüpp Liliana , da Costa Thaís Fonseca , Bortolini Maria Augusta Tezelli , Girão Manoel João Batista Castello , Castro Rodrigo Aquino
Published: February 2017

AIMS

To test if biofeedback (BF) added to pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) increases the frequency of home exercises performed by women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

METHODS

72 incontinent women were randomized to BF (outpatient BF + home PFMT) or PFMT (outpatient PFMT + home PFMT) groups. Assessments: baseline, after 3 months of supervised treatment, at 9‐month follow‐up (after six additional months of home PFMT only). Primary outcome: frequency of monthly exercises sets performed (exercise diary) after 3‐month treatment. Secondary outcomes: adherence, urinary symptoms, severity and cure of SUI (pad test <2 g leakage), muscle function, quality of life, and subject cure (satisfaction report with no desire for different treatment) at the two time‐points. Statistical analyses: ANOVA and Student's t‐test with 5% cut‐off for significance.

RESULTS

It was observed similar frequency of monthly home exercises sets performed by BF (67.9 out of 82) and PFMT (68.2 out of 82) groups at 3 months. Secondarily, equal satisfaction, but superior objective cure of SUI for BF group after 3‐month treatment (P = 0.018; OR: 3.15 [95% CI: 1.20‐8.25]). At 9‐month follow‐up, the adherence to home exercises was similar (around 50%) and significantly dropped in both groups compared to the 3‐month results (around 85%). No difference was detected in the objective and subjective cure of SUI between the groups after 9 months. Both therapies similarly improved the muscle function and quality of life during the study (P < 0.005).

CONCLUSIONS

Adjunct BF did not increase the frequency of home exercises performed by SUI patients.
Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome carrier frequency and estimates of in utero mortality rates
Authors: Lazarin Gabriel A. , Haque Imran S. , Evans Eric A. , Goldberg James D.
Published: February 2017

Objective

To tabulate individual allele frequencies and total carrier frequency for Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome (SLOS) and compare expected versus observed birth incidences.

Methods

A total of 262 399 individuals with no known indication or increased probability of SLOS carrier status, primarily US based, were screened for SLOS mutations as part of an expanded carrier screening panel. Results were retrospectively analyzed to estimate carrier frequencies in multiple ethnic groups. SLOS birth incidences obtained from existing literature were then compared with these data to estimate the effect of SLOS on fetal survival.

Results

Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome carrier frequency is highest in Ashkenazi Jews (1 in 43) and Northern Europeans (1 in 54). Comparing predicted birth incidence with that observed in published literature suggests that approximately 42% to 88% of affected conceptuses experience prenatal demise.

Conclusion

Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome is relatively frequent in certain populations and, because of its impact on prenatal and postnatal morbidity and mortality, merits consideration for routine screening. © 2017 The Authors. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crosslinked hydroxyl‐conductive copolymer/silica composite membranes based on addition‐type polynorbornene for alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cell applications
Authors: He Xiaohui , Jiang Xiong , Wang Zijie , Deng Yingjiao , Han Zhilong , Yang Yingping , Chen Defu
Published: February 2017

Crosslinked hydroxyl‐conductive copolymer/silica composite membranes based on addition‐type polynorbornene, poly(dodoxymethylene norbornene‐co‐norbornene‐3‐(trimethylpropyl ammonium)‐functionalized silica (QP(DNB/NB‐SiO2), were prepared by a sol–gel method. Copolymer composite membranes with different degree of quaternary ammonium functional silica, designated as QP(DNB/NB‐SiO2‐X) (X = 5, 10, 15 and 25 wt%, respectively), displayed good dimensional stabilities with low in‐plane swelling rate of 1.32–3.7%, good mechanical properties with high elastic modulus of 605.4–756.8 MPa and high tensile strength of 13.2–20 Mpa. The achieved copolymer composite membranes could self‐assemble into a microphase‐separated morphology with randomly oriented long‐range aliphatic chain/cylinder ionic channels that were imbedded in the hydrophobic PNB matrix. Among these membranes, the QP(DNB/NB‐SiO2‐25) showed the parameter with ionic conductivity of 9.33 × 10−3S cm−1, methanol permeability of 2.89 × 10−7cm2 s−1, and ion‐exchange capacity(IEC) of 1.19 × 10−3 mol g−1. A current density of 82.3mA cm−2, the open circuit voltage of 0.65 V and a peek power density of 32 mW cm−2 were obtained. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:13–21, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Is it possible to use the 31P chemical shifts of phosphines to measure hydrogen bond acidities (HBA)? A comparative study with the use of the 15N chemical shifts of amines for measuring HBA
Authors: Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José
Published: February 2017

The geometries, energies, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of 3 bases (trimethylphosphine, trimethylamine, and trimethylphosphine oxide), their 3 protonated cations, and 15 hydrogen‐bonded complexes (corresponding to the HF, HNC, HCN, HCCH, H2O, and CH3OH Brønsted acids) have been calculated at the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level. The determination of hydrogen bond acidities by NMR is classically performed using the 31P chemical shifts Me3PO. This method is more reliable than the use of the 15N NMR chemical shifts of Me3N. This work shows that the 31P NMR chemical shifts of Me3P cannot be used. The raison of the difference between Me3P on one hand and Me3PO and Me3N on the other will be discussed.
Palbociclib can overcome mutations in cyclin dependent kinase 6 that break hydrogen bonds between the drug and the protein
Authors: Hernandez Maganhi Stella , Jensen Patrizia , Caracelli Ignez , Zukerman Schpector Julio , Fröhling Stefan , Friedman Ran
Published: February 2017

Inhibition of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) 4 and 6 prevent cells from entering the synthesis phase of the cell cycle. CDK4 and 6 are therefore important drug targets in various cancers. The selective CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib is approved for the treatment of breast cancer and has shown activity in a cellular model of mixed lineage leukaemia (MLL)‐rearranged acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We studied the interactions of palbociclib and CDK6 using molecular dynamics simulations. Analysis of the simulations suggested several interactions that stabilized the drug in its binding site and that were not observed in the crystal structure of the protein‐drug complex. These included a hydrogen bond to His 100 that was hitherto not reported and several hydrophobic contacts. Evolutionary‐based bioinformatic analysis was used to suggest two mutants, D163G and H100L that would potentially yield drug resistance, as they lead to loss of important protein–drug interactions without hindering the viability of the protein. One of the mutants involved a change in the glycine of the well‐conserved DFG motif of the kinase. Interestingly, CDK6‐dependent human AML cells stably expressing either mutant retained sensitivity to palbociclib, indicating that the protein‐drug interactions are not affected by these. Furthermore, the cells were proliferative in the absence of palbociclib, indicating that the Asp to Gly mutation in the DFG motif did not interfere with the catalytic activity of the protein.
A parametric model bridging between bounded and unbounded variograms
Authors: Schlather Martin , Moreva Olga
Published: February 2017

A simple variogram model with two parameters is presented that includes the power variogram for fractional Brownian motion, a modified De Wijsian model, the generalized Cauchy model and the multiquadric model. One parameter controls the sample path roughness of the process. The other parameter allows for a smooth transition between bounded and unbounded variograms, that is, between stationary and intrinsically stationary processes in a Gaussian framework, or between mixing and non‐ergodic Brown–Resnick processes when modeling spatial extremes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetic engineering on the production of acetate esters and higher alcohols during Chinese Baijiu fermentation
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Jian-Hui , Zhang Cui-Ying , Ma Hong-Xia , Xiao Dong-Guang
Published: February 2017

Acetate esters and higher alcohols greatly influence the quality and flavor profiles of Chinese Baijiu (Chinese liquor). Various mutants have been constructed to investigate the interactions of ATF1 overexpression, IAH1 deletion, and BAT2 deletion on the production of acetate esters and higher alcohols. The results showed that the overexpression of ATF1 under the control of the PGK1 promoter with BAT2 and IAH1 double-gene deletion led to a higher production of acetate esters and a lower production of higher alcohols than the overexpression of ATF1 with IAH1 deletion or overexpression of ATF1 with BAT2 deletion. Moreover, deletion of IAH1 in ATF1 overexpression strains effectively increased the production of isobutyl acetate and isoamyl acetate by reducing the hydrolysis of acetate esters. The decline in the production of higher alcohol by the ATF1 overexpression strains with BAT2 deletion is due to the interaction of ATF1 overexpression and BAT2 deletion. Mutants with varying abilities of producing acetate esters and higher alcohols were developed by genetic engineering. These strains have great potential for industrial application.
Transcriptome Analysis of Monozygotic Twin Brothers with Childhood Primary Myelofibrosis
Authors: Ding Nan , Zhang Zhaojun , Yang Wenyu , Ren Lan , Zhang Yingchi , Zhang Jingliao , Li Zhanqi , Zhang Peihong , Zhu Xiaofan , Chen Xiaojuan , Fang Xiangdong
Published: February 2017

Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder in human bone marrow. Over 50% of patients with myelofibrosis have mutations in JAK2, MPL, or CALR. However, these mutations are rarely detected in children, suggesting a difference in the pathogenesis of childhood PMF. In this study, we investigated the response to drug treatment of a monozygotic twin pair with typical childhood PMF. The twin exhibited different clinical outcomes despite following the same treatment regimen. The transcriptomic profiles of patient samples after drug treatment (E2 and Y2) were significantly different between the twin pair, which is consistent with the observation that the drug treatment was effective only in the younger brother, despite the twin being genetically identical. Bioinformatics analysis of the drug-responsive genes showed that the JAK-STAT pathway was activated in the cured younger brother, which is opposite to the pathway inhibition observed in adult PMF cases following treatment. Moreover, apoptosis and cell cycle processes were both significantly influenced by drug treatment in the sample of younger brother (Y2), implying their potential association with the pathogenesis of childhood PMF. Gene mutations in JAK2, MPL, or CALR were not observed; however, mutations in genes including SRSF2 and SF3B1 occurred in this twin pair with childhood PMF. Gene fusion events were extensively screened in the twin pair samples and the occurrence of IGLV2-14-IGLL5 gene fusion was confirmed. The current study reported at transcriptomic level the different responses of monozygotic twin brothers with childhood PMF to the same androgen/prednisone treatment regimen providing new insights into the potential pathogenesis of childhood PMF for further research and clinical applications.
Informed consent for next-generation nucleotide sequencing studies: Aiding communication between participants and investigators
Authors: Kost Rhonda G. , Poppel Stephen M. , Coller Barry S.
Published: February 2017

Introduction

Obtaining informed consent from prospective participants for research studies that include next-generation nucleotide sequencing (NGS) presents significant challenges because of the need to explain all the potential implications of participating, including the possible return of “incidental” findings, in easy-to-understand language.

Methods and Results

After reviewing the consent processes at other institutions, we decided to supplement the protocol-specific informed consent form with the following: (1) a short pamphlet for the prospective participant that includes a series of questions that she or he is encouraged to ask the investigator, and (2) a more detailed companion guide for investigators to help them develop simple-language answers to the questions. Both documents are available to use or modify.

Conclusions

We propose an approach to obtaining informed consent for NGS studies that encourages discussion of key issues without creating a complex, comprehensive document for participants; it also maximizes investigator flexibility. We also suggest mechanisms to return restricted information to participants.
Edgar Lee Hewett
Authors: Fisher Reginald
Published: February 2017

We are called upon to record the loss of one of the last of the “early greats” in American Archaeology, Edgar Lee Hewett, who took his eternal place on December 31, 1946 with his illustrious contemporaries in the science— Lewis H. Morgan, Frederic W. Putnam, J. Wesley Powell, William H. Holmes, J. Walter Fewkes, Adolf F. Bandelier, Alice C. Fletcher, and Charles F. Lummis. Philosopher, teacher, world traveler and explorer, Doctor Hewett leaves an enviable record which includes: the founding and direction for thirty-seven years of the Archaeological Institute's School of American Research; the establishment of departments of anthropology in two leading universities (University of New Mexico and University of Southern California); the building of two important museums (Museum of New Mexico and San Diego Museum); the development and training of several distinguished professional archaeologists; and the endowment of “The Humanities” with numerous essays, papers, and books comprising more than two hundred titles—archaeological, philosophical, sociological, historical, and pedagogical—readable yet scholarly.
Clark Wissler, 1870–1947
Authors: Nelson N. C.
Published: February 2017

American Archaeology lost one of its . most enthusiastic promoters and interpreters by the death, in New York City on August 25, of Doctor Clark Wissler. As one of the last of the passing generation of anthropologists with university training to enter the profession from another discipline—in this case Psychology—-he came to the American Museum of Natural History in 1902, at the age of 32. He served at first as Assistant in the Department of Ethnology under Curators F. W. Putnam and Franz Boas; but not long after, probably on Putnam's departure, was advanced to Assistant Curator of Ethnology and by 1905 is recorded as Acting Curator of Ethnology. Succeeding Boas, on the latter's complete transfer to Columbia University in 1906, he was named Curator of the Department of Ethnology and finally, in 1907, Curator of the Department of Anthropology, a rank which he held until retired to emeritus status in 1942, at the ripe age of 72.
The Cultural Transmission of Great Basin Projectile-Point Technology I: An Experimental Simulation
Authors: Mesoudi Alex , O'Brien Michael J.
Published: February 2017

A Darwinian evolutionary approach to archaeology naturally leads to a focus on cultural transmission. Theoretical models of cultural evolution indicate that individual-level details of cultural transmission can have specific and significant population-level effects, implying that differences in transmission may be detectable in the archaeological record. Here we present an experimental simulation of the cultural transmission of prehistoric projectile-point technology, simulating the two transmission modes-indirect bias and guided variation-that Bettinger and Eerkens (1999) suggested were responsible for differences in Nevada and California point-attribute correlations. Groups of participants designed “virtual projectile points” and tested them in “virtual hunting environments,” with different phases of learning simulating, alternately, indirectly biased cultural transmission and independent individual learning. As predicted, periods of cultural transmission were associated with significantly stronger attribute correlations than were periods of individual learning. We also found that participants who could engage in indirectly biased horizontal cultural transmission outperformed individual-learning controls, especially when individual learning was costly and the selective environment was multimodal. The study demonstrates that experimental simulations of cultural transmission, used alongside archaeological data, mathematical models and computer simulations, constitute a useful tool for studying cultural change.
Intra-Community Variation in Diet during the Adoption of a New Staple Crop in the Eastern Woodlands
Authors: Rose Fionnuala
Published: February 2017

This study investigated intracommunity variation in diet during the introduction and adoption of a new staple crop (maize) into an indigenous horticultural system. Carbon and nitrogen isotopes of human bone collagen were analyzed from five sites in west-central Illinois, dating from the Middle Woodland to Mississippian periods, and the results contrasted with evidence from neighboring river valleys and the wider Eastern Woodlands area. Contrary to speculation, neither the initial adoption of maize nor subsequent intensification in its use were correlated with status, gender, or age. A striking bimodal distribution was observed in consumption of native and introduced crops; growing or eating small amounts of maize was apparently not practiced. Fluoride dating confirms the burials are contemporary, and the pattern persists over several hundred years. Possible explanations include issues related to the economics of maize growing, household requirements for storage, exchange, or levies, or individual taste. Also notable were earlier-than-expected dates for intensive exploitation of the maize in this area, in the early Late Woodland, possibly as early as A.D. 400. Nitrogen isotope ratios were higher for males at all sites and time periods; the cause may have been greater access to dietary protein, or could be the result of physiological differences.
Comments on Howey and O'Shea's “Bear's Journey and the Study of Ritual in Archaeology”
Authors: Whitley David S.
Published: February 2017

Howey and O'Shea (2006) misrepresent one of my statements twice, attributing a position to me that I have argued against for two decades: they misrepresent the way that ethnography is used in the archaeology of religion and the manner in which rock art research is conducted; and, despite their claims to the contrary, their study illustrates the importance of the identification of meaning in the archaeology of religion.
Rethinking the Ramey State: Was Cahokia the Center of a Theater State?
Authors: Holt Julie Zimmermann
Published: February 2017

Archaeologists often portray Cahokia as the center of a chiefdom. A minority view is that Cahokia was the center of a state. These competing views are considered here, and an alternative model is presented, that Cahokia might be considered the center of a theater state. This model agrees with other models that Cahokia was an economic and political center, but also emphasizes Cahokia's role as a center of ritual. In the theater state model, the power of a state lies more in its ceremonies than in its armies. People came to Cahokia, helping to build it and feed it, not because they were coerced but because they wanted to be part of the drama. This view of Cahokia is not presented in order to replace all other models but, rather, to stimulate archaeologists to rethink what Cahokia might have been like. Geertz's theater state model suggests an alternative, non-Western view of the state that might be useful in reconsidering other archaeological complex societies as well.
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Radiocarbon Dating of Temper in Shell-Tempered Ceramics: Test Cases from Mississippi, Southeastern United States
Authors: Peacock Evan , Feathers James K.
Published: February 2017

Direct dating of artifacts is preferable to dating via association in most archaeological situations. In this article we describe and discuss the first application of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to directly date temper particles in shell-tempered pottery. This method can be applied to ceramics from around the world that are tempered with freshwater or marine shell. To assess the method, we examine 34 new or previously reported dates (AMS dates on shell temper, paired luminescence dates from the same ceramics, and associated radiocarbon dates on other biotic materials) from seven sites in a variety of geological settings in the state of Mississippi. The results show that a freshwater reservoir effect is present in most cases. Other potential complicating factors include variable carbon input and metabolic uptake rates over space and time and the effects of burning during temper preparation or pottery firing. Despite these problems, the method holds promise for dating surface materials, museum specimens, and burial accompaniments; for investigating settlement patterns; and for other areas of research.
A Cultural Resource Management Dilemma: Anasazi Ruins and the Navajos
Authors: Holt H. Barry
Published: February 2017

Archaeologists recently have been focusing increased attention on Native American concerns and archaeology. However, some serious issues of Native American attitudes toward the activities of archaeology have so far been overlooked. For example, in the San Juan Basin of northwestern New Mexico, archaeological activities that have been spurred by energy development violate certain tenets of the Navajo Way of living, with possible adverse effects. Suggestions for the mitigation of these effects are presented as a way of expanding the dialogue between archaeologists and Native American communities, in order to identify and resolve such ethical dilemmas.
Professionalism and Performance in Archaeological Organizations: A Disputation of the Incoming Presidential Remarks of Richard E. W. Adams
Authors: Brose David S.
Published: February 2017

As president of the Society for American Archaeology. Richard E. W. Adams chose his Incoming Remarks to challenge other archaeological societies. As past president of the Society of Professional Archeologists. I question some of Adams's recollections and assertions. I reject his implied conclusions and argue that, although limited, SOPA has performed far more successfully than could have been expected. Finally, I suggest that the ideal relationship between the SAA and SOPA is neither competitive nor parasitic, but symbiotic.
On Anonymity
Authors: Hammond Norman
Published: February 2017

The practice of anonymous reviewing of manuscripts and grant proposals is denounced.
The Shield Motif in Plains Rock Art
Authors: Gebhard David
Published: February 2017

The representation in the prehistoric and the early historic art of North America of circular shields or human figures whose torsos are depicted in the form of a shield provide a revealing indication of how widespread and complex was the diffusion of objects, ideas, and forms on the continent. Drawings of the shields and of shield figures are found in rock paintings and engravings, on paintings and skins, and on incised bark scattered throughout the continent. The origin of the motif is still in question, although present evidence would seem to point to central Mexico. The earliest examples north of the Rio Grande would appear to be in the rock paintings of the lower Pecos area of Texas. It next appears as an important form in the rock art of Utah which has been attributed to the Fremont Culture. From this latter area in late Prehistoric times, it apparently spread to the northern Plains, and thence into the central and southern Plains where it briefly became an element in the rock art and the mural paintings of the late Pueblo cultures. During this late period it also entered into the art of the region east of the Mississippi and into the rock art of the far western part of the continent.
A pyre and grave goods in British cremation burials; have we missed something?
Authors: Mckinley Jacqueline I.
Published: February 2017

There is more to a cremation than the human bone — turned white and blue-grey by the fire, enough to fill a fair-sized hat — because so much may go on the pyre with the corpse.