bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building Gender-Specific Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk Prediction Models Using CatBoost Algorithm and NHANES Data
Authors: Hu Mengjie , Peng Han , Zhang Xuan , Wang Lefeng , Ren Jingjing
Published: June 2023

Aims
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a significant global public health challenge due to their high incidence rate and potential for severe consequences when early intervention is neglected. Research shows an upward trend in absolute cases and DALY numbers of STIs, with syphilis, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, and genital herpes exhibiting an increasing trend in age-standardized rate (ASR) from 2010 to 2019. Machine learning (ML) presents significant advantages in disease prediction, with several studies exploring its potential for STI prediction. The objective of this study is to build males-based and females-based STI risk prediction models based on the CatBoost algorithm using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for training and validation, with sub-group analysis performed on each STI. The female sub-group also includes human papilloma virus (HPV) infection.
Methods
The study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) program to build males-based and females-based STI risk prediction models using the CatBoost algorithm. Data was collected from 12,053 participants aged 18 to 59 years old, with general demographic characteristics and sexual behavior questionnaire responses included as features. The SMOTE algorithm was used to address data imbalance, and 15 machine learning algorithms were evaluated before ultimately selecting the CatBoost algorithm. The SHAP method was employed to enhance interpretability by identifying feature importance in the model's STIs risk prediction.
Results
The CatBoost classifier achieved AUC values of 0.7891, 0.6558, 0.6607, 0.6118 and 0.6932 for predicting chlamydia, genital herpes, genital warts, gonorrhea, and overall STIs infections among males.The CatBoost classifier achieved AUC values of 0.7082, 0.647, 0.6767, 0.8459, 0.6929 and 0.7005 for predicting chlamydia, genital herpes, genital warts, gonorrhea, HPV and overall STIs infections among females.
A quantitative evaluation method utilizing the homology concept to assess the state of chromatin within the nucleus of lung cancer
Authors: Yokoyama Yuhki , Kanayama Kazuki , Iida Kento , Onishi Masako , Nagatomo Tadasuke , Ito Mayu , Nagumo Sachiko , Kawahara Kunimitsu , Morii Eiichi , Nakane Kazuaki , Yamamoto Hirofumi
Published: June 2023

Homology is a mathematical tool to quantify "the contact degree", which can be expressed in terms of Betti numbers. The Betti numbers used in this study consisted of two numbers, b0 (a zero-dimensional Betti number) and b1 (a one-dimensional Betti number). We developed a chromatin homology profile (CHP) method to quantify the chromatin contact degree based on this mathematical tool. Using the CHP method we analyzed the number of holes (surrounded areas = b1 value) formed by the chromatin contact and calculated the maximum value of b1 (b1MAX), the value of b1 exceeding 5 for the first time or Homology Value (HV), and the chromatin density (b1MAX/ns2). We attempted to detect differences in chromatin patterns and differentiate histological types of lung cancer from respiratory cytology using these three features. The HV of cancer cells was significantly lower than that of non-cancerous cells. Furthermore, b1MAX and b1MAX/ns2 showed significant differences between small cell and non-small cell carcinomas and between adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, respectively. We quantitatively analyzed the chromatin patterns using homology and showed that the CHP method may be a useful tool for differentiating histological types of lung cancer in respiratory cytology.
Maternal Education and its Association with Maternal and Neonatal Adverse Outcomes in Live Births Conceived Using Assisted Conception
Authors: Hobbs Cassie L. , Raker Christina , Jude Gabrielle , Eaton Jennifer L. , Wagner Stephen
Published: June 2023

Background
To examine the association between maternal education and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in women who conceived using assisted conception (AC), which included fertility medications, intrauterine insemination, or in vitro fertilization.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing the US Vital Statistics data set on national birth certificates from 2016–2020. Women with live, non-anomalous singletons who conceived using AC and had education status recorded were included. Patients were stratified into two groups: bachelor’s degree or higher, or less than a bachelor’s degree. The primary outcome was a composite of maternal adverse outcomes: intensive care unit (ICU) admission, unplanned hysterectomy, or blood transfusion. The secondary outcome was a composite of neonatal adverse outcomes: neonatal ICU admission, ventilator support, or seizure. Multivariable modified Poisson regression models with robust error variance adjusted for maternal age, race, marital status, prenatal care, smoking during pregnancy, neonatal sex, and birth year estimated the relative risk (RR) of outcomes with a 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results
190,444 patients met the inclusion criteria: 142,943 had a bachelor’s degree or higher and 47,501 were without a bachelor’s degree. Composite maternal adverse outcomes were similar among patients with a bachelor’s degree (10.1 per 1,000 live births) and those without a bachelor’s degree (9.4 per 1,000 live births); ARR 1.05, 95% CI (0.94–1.17). However, composite adverse neonatal outcomes were significantly lower in women with a bachelor’s degree or higher (94.1 per 1,000 live births) compared to women without a bachelor’s degree higher (105.9 per 1,000 live births); ARR 0.91, 95% CI (0.88–0.94).
Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that lower maternal education level was not associated with maternal adverse outcomes in patients who conceived using AC but was associated with increased rates of neonatal adverse outcomes. As access to infertility care increases, patients who conceive with AC may be counseled that education level is not associated with maternal morbidity. Further research into the association between maternal education level and neonatal morbidity is indicated.
Nonlinear dynamic modeling and global instability analyses of planetary gear trains considering multi-state engagement and tooth-contact temperature effect
Authors: Bai Xuezong , Qiu Hu-zi , Shi Jian-fei , Li De-wang , An Zong-wen
Published: June 2023

Gear disengaging, back-side tooth contact or poor dynamic behavior during operating leads to dynamic instability in planetary gear trains (PGTs). A novel nonlinear dynamic model of PGTs with internal and external gear pairs considering multi-state engagement induced by backlash and contact ratio is established. An improved time-varying meshing stiffness model including temperature stiffness is analytically derived. The time-varying meshing stiffness with temperature effect, friction, backlash, time-varying pressure angle, and time-varying friction arm are integrated into the dynamic model of PGTs. Multi-state engaging behavior is efficiently identified by constructing different Poincaré mappings. A method to calculate dynamic instability is proposed in the time-domain trace. The intrinsic relationship between multi-state engaging and dynamic instability is investigated via multi-section bifurcation plots and phase trajectory topology. The global dynamic instability is revealed based on the bifurcation and evolution of coexistence behavior under the parameter-state synergy. The results show that the multi-state engagement is heavily depending on bifurcation and phase trajectory topology, which whereby affects the dynamic instability. Two special phenomena, complete and incomplete bifurcations, are discovered under parameter-state synergy. Complete bifurcation causes global instability and incomplete bifurcation results in local instability and yields coexistence responses. Incomplete bifurcation brings about new bifurcation branches.
Family caregiver's emotional concerns in advanced cancer: A qualitative content analysis
Authors: Bahrami Mahnaz , Nasiri Ahmad
Published: June 2023

Purpose: The process of caregiving for patients with advanced cancer poses a multitude of emotional concerns for family caregivers. The aim of this study was to explore the emotional concerns of family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer.
Methods: A qualitative approach was conducted through face-to-face and in-depth semi-structured interviews with 11 Iranian family caregivers in advanced cancer and 1 oncologist using purposive sampling. These interviews analyzed with conventional content analysis. Lincoln and Guba’s criteria of rigor were employed to ensure the trustworthiness of the study.
Results: The analysis of the data led to the formation of three main themes with 9 subthemes. The major themes emerged from family caregivers' experiences including (1) chaotic mentalities, (2) troubling interdependence, and (3) desperation emotions.
Conclusion: The family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer usually find themselves in an extremely delicate psychological state and are significantly impacted by their worries regarding the patient. Healthcare systems must ensure adequate support and care provision for them.
Quantum mechanisms for selective detection in complex gas mixtures with conductive sensors: analysis of the problem and new results
Authors: Kamarchuk G. , Pospelov A. , Kamarchuk L. , Belan V. , Herus A. , Savytskyi A. , Vakula V. , Harbuz D. , Gudimenko V. , Faulques E.
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we consider new quantum mechanisms for selective detection in complex gaseous media which provide the highest possible efficiency of quantum sensors. On the basis of these quantum mechanisms, the concepts of quantum detection and innovative methods of analysis are developed, which are virtually impossible to implement in the conventional conductive sensors and nanosensors. Examples of original solutions to problems in the field of detection and analysis of human breath using point-contact sensors are considered. A new method of analysis based on detection of metastable quantum states of the "point-contact sensor – breath" system in dynamic mode is proposed. The conductance histogram of dendritic Yanson point contacts recorded for this system is a unique energy signature of breath which allows differentiation between the states of human body. We demonstrate that nanosized Yanson point contacts, which, thanks to their quantum properties, can replace a massive spectrometer, open up wide opportunities for solving complex problems in the field of breath analysis using a new generation of portable high-tech quantum sensor devices.
The role of genotoxic stress in streamer formation
Authors: Ponce Zaira Maria Heredia , Secchi Eleonora , Toyofuku Masanori , Marinova Gabriela , Savorana Giovanni , Eberl Leo
Published: June 2023

DNA is a component of biofilms, but the triggers of DNA release during biofilm formation and how DNA contributes to biofilm development are poorly investigated. One key mechanism involved in DNA release is explosive cell lysis, which is a consequence of prophage induction. In this article, the role of explosive cell lysis in biofilm formation was investigated in the opportunistic human pathogen Burkholderia cenocepacia H111 (H111). Biofilm streamers, flow-suspended biofilm filaments, were used as a biofilm model in this study, as DNA is an essential component of their matrix. H111 contains three prophages on chromosome 1 of its genome, and the involvement of each prophage in DNA and membrane vesicle (MV) release as well as their contribution to streamer formation were studied in the presence and absence of genotoxic stress. The results show that two of the three prophages of H111 encode functional lytic prophages that can be induced by genotoxic stress and their activation causes DNA and MVs release by explosive cell lysis. Furthermore, it is shown that the released DNA enables the strain to develop biofilm streamers, and streamer formation can be enhanced by genotoxic stress. Overall, this study demonstrates for the first time the involvement of prophages in streamer formation and uncovers an often-overlooked problem with the use of antibiotics that trigger the bacterial SOS response for the treatment of bacterial infections.
Developing an In-House Colorimetric Method for Detecting Organophosphate and Carbamate Residue Using Cricket Cholinesterase
Authors: Wongta Anurak , Hongsibsong Surat , Anand Priyanshi , Jaitum Udomsurb , Sawarng Nootchakarn , Wongwilai Wasin , Dhumtanom Pongsathorn
Published: June 2023

Background
Pesticides such as organophosphates and carbamates are used to control pests, leaving residues on fruits and vegetables. The assessment of residues in food materials is required for consumer and agricultural worker health protection. The purpose of this study was to develop an in-house colorimetric method for detecting organophosphate and carbamate residues using cricket cholinesterase that can be used as a low-cost, simple-to-use, and widely used test.
Result
The method's parameters, including substrate specificity, kinetics, and incubation time, were optimized. The specificity and purification factor of the produced ChE were 0.77 M/min/mg and 7.16-fold, respectively. The LOD for detecting organophosphates and carbamates was in the range of 0.002–0.877 ppm. The validity of the method yielded the following results: relative sensitivity of 95%, relative specificity of 90%, relative accuracy of 93%, positive predictive value of 95%, and negative predictive value of 90%.
Conclusion
The developed method is simple and inexpensive, and it can analyze organophosphates and carbamates in a variety of vegetables at an appropriate detection level. Cholinesterase from cricket has the potential to be used for the development of a variety of methods for detecting residues, and the sensitivity could be enhanced by using new techniques in the future.
From Waste to Wheat: The Impact of Recycled Manganese Sulfate from Zinc-Carbon Batteries on Water-Stressed Wheat Cultivation
Authors: valson aparna , Varma Nimisha , Suman Naveen
Published: June 2023

Micronutrient deficiencies in soils of India have been reported as a significant hindrance to crop productivity, particularly in the semi-arid regions. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of recycled liquid manganese (2.11% Mn) obtained from dry cell batteries on the growth and yield of wheat plants. Two application methods, foliar application and seed priming, were tested with varying concentrations. Under foliar application, three concentrations were used (0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%), while under seed priming, two concentrations were used (0.05M and 0.1M) combined with different foliar applications. The pot trials showed a significant increase in the yield of wheat with foliar application of manganese. The best results were obtained with 0.75% and 0.5% foliar application, showing early booting and a higher number of plants per 10 cm2. Germination rates were higher in the 0.05M concentration, which combined with 0.75% foliar application, showed the best results. Additionally, resistance to various soil-borne diseases was observed, and the tests were conducted under water stress conditions. Our findings suggest that recycled manganese from dry cell batteries can be an effective and sustainable solution to improve crop yield in regions with micronutrient-deficient soils.
Simulation Study of An Interleaved Flyback Converter for Micro Grid Systems Operating in the CCM Mode
Authors: SALİHMUHSİN Metin
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a design and an implementation of an isolated grid connected micro inverter system that is based on an interleaved flyback topology. The developed system gets input from a 250 W PV panel, converts the dc energy into ac and connects it to the grid. This work covers the simulation aspect of developing the above mentioned system where extensive simulations are performed in order to find and optimize values of desired parameters and simulate the overall system. The CCM (Continues Conduction Mode) of operation for the flyback converter is preferred as it generates considerably less amount of the current ripple at converter output when compared to DCM operation and less amount of power loss. A feedback loop with a PI controller is incorporated into the design in order to properly stabilize the system. Simulation results demonstrated that the developed system generates sinusoidal voltage and current signals of 50 Hz in frequency with desired amplitudes at the output of the system. Connection of generated ac waveforms to the grid is accomplished by means of a PLL block. THD of the grid current is found as 11.57% due to spikes at zero crossings.
A Novel Detection of Tibiofemoral Joint Kinematical Space using Graph-based Model of 3D Point Cloud Sequences
Authors: Pattanaik Priyadarshini , Alsubaie Najah , Alqahtani Mohammed S. , Soufiene Ben Othman
Published: June 2023

The goal of this paper is to tackle the challenge of estimating motion in sequences of 3D point clouds that feature the movement of the knee joint's 3D positions and color attributes. Kinematics and morphology (form) are two important factors in determining the features of flexion and extension. Joints are crucial parts of the linear motion system. Precise estimation of both moments and shape is required to comprehend the functionality of joint surfaces (e.g., the knee). The diagnosis of knee pathologies and treatment of chronic joint diseases such as Osteoarthritis requires an accurate understanding of the in vivo biomechanics of the human knee. However, measuring kinematics in human patients is challenging. The dynamic monitoring of knee motions, whereby generates a realistic bone model that includes and excludes cartilage, can be used to create a novel measurement technique for knee investigations. Such morph kinematic modeling offers the chance to analyze the knee's kinematics and examine interrelations like surfaces in contact or regions. Our purpose is to apply a 3D cloud point database and rigid femur and tibial skeleton to determine motion from the morphology of knee joints. As far as we are aware, this new research paper is the first to utilize both the spatial correlation within each frame (represented by a graph) and the temporal correlation between frames (represented by motion estimation) to enhance the accuracy of joint shape and movement analysis in the context of osteoarthritis. The 3D factor cloud order is in better shape. With the help of a 3D statistical knee database from morphology, our paper proposes a technique for quantifying knee kinematics (motion) (shape).
Unravelling transcriptomic complexity in breast cancer through modulation of DARPP-32 expression and signalling pathways
Authors: Saidy Behnaz , Vasan Richa , Durant Rosie , Greener Megan-Rose , Immanuel Adelynn , Green Andrew R , Rakha Emad , Ellis Ian , Ball Graham , Martin Stewart G , Storr Sarah J
Published: June 2023

DARPP-32 is a key regulator of protein-phosphatase-1 (PP-1) and protein kinase A (PKA), with its function dependent upon its phosphorylation state. We previously identified DKK1 and GRB7 as genes with linked expression using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) analysis; here, we determine protein expression in a large cohort of early-stage breast cancer patients. Low levels of DARPP-32 Threonine-34 phosphorylation and DKK1 expression were significantly associated with poor patient prognosis, while low levels of GRB7 expression were linked to better survival outcomes. To gain insight into mechanisms underlying these associations, we analysed the transcriptome of T47D breast cancer cells following DARPP-32 knockdown. We identified 202 differentially expressed transcripts and observed that some overlapped with genes implicated in the ANN analysis, including PTK7, TRAF5, and KLK6, amongst others. Furthermore, we found that treatment of DARPP-32 knockdown cells with 17β-estradiol or PKA inhibitor fragment (6–22) amide led to the differential expression of 193 and 181 transcripts respectively. These results underscore the importance of DARPP-32, a central molecular switch, and its downstream targets, DKK1 and GRB7 in breast cancer. The discovery of common genes identified by a combined patient/cell line transcriptomic approach provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying differential breast cancer prognosis and highlights potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Development and Validation of a Deep Learning-Enhanced Prediction Model for the Likelihood of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Tian Yu , Wang Liyang , Wu Shibin , Wu Shan , Zheng Yucong , Han Rongye , Bao Qianhui , Li Lei , Yang Tao
Published: June 2023

Introduction
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common and potentially fatal disease, and timely and accurate assessment of the risk of PE occurrence in patients with Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is crucial. This study aims to develop a precise and efficient deep learning-based PE risk prediction model, PE-Mind.
Materials and Methods
We first preprocessed and reduced the high-dimensional clinical features collected from patients. The 37 most important clinical features were grouped, sorted, and connected to capture potential associations between them. The proposed model utilizes a convolutional approach, including three custom-designed residual modules. To validate the model's superiority, we also compared it with five mainstream models.
Results
The results show that PE-Mind demonstrated the highest accuracy and reliability, achieving an accuracy of 0.7826 and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.8641 on the prospective test set, outperforming other models. Based on this, we have also developed a Web server, PulmoRiskAI, for real-time physician operation.
Conclusions
The proposed method has the potential to become a practical clinical tool, providing doctors with more accurate PE risk assessments and timely identification of high-risk patients.
Causes and Consequences of Trade Data Falsification in Bangladesh: A Study with India as Partner
Authors: Das Samir Kumer , Biswas Amit K.
Published: June 2023

Intentionally falsified international trade statistics poses a big challenge to the policy makers, specifically in the developing world. Given the doctored dataset, it is very hard to design effective policy prescriptions that suit the foreign exchange and capital scarce economies. On the other hand, corrupt international traders rationally misreport to evade stringent policy regulations. Under this backdrop, this paper takes up the misreporting scenario in Bangladesh with India as a major bilateral trade partner and finds several trade, exchange and macro variables like spot and forward rates, tariff barriers, real interest rate differentials have telling effects on rate of trade mis-invoicing. We also find that past values of import under-invoicing may lead to export under-invoicing in financing the hidden import basket. Finally we also present informal capital movement and falsified GDP calculation as consequences of intentional trade data falsification.
JEL: F14, F41, C13, C52.
Prevalence and effects of alcohol and substance use on HIV clinical outcomes in a clinic-based cohort in South Africa
Authors: Shapiro Adrienne E , Govere Sabina , Galagan Sean , Krows Meighan , Moosa Mohammed-Yunus , Celum Connie L , Drain Paul K
Published: June 2023

Alcohol and other substance use (AoSU) are associated with worse HIV outcomes in many settings, but there is limited data from South Africa. In a prospective clinic-based cohort (N = 2376) of people living with HIV (PLWH) in South Africa, we determined the prevalence and correlates of AoSU at entry (use in the last 30 days) with outcomes in the first 12 months of care. Alcohol use was more common among men (50%) than women (33%). Other substance use was uncommon (6%). Alcohol and substance use were not associated with ART initiation (ORalcohol 0.91, p = 0.34; ORsubstance 1.4, p = 0.14). Alcohol use was associated with significantly lower odds of being retained in HIV care (aOR 0.70, 95%CI 0.55–0.90). Non-marijuana substance use was associated with lower odds of viral suppression (aOR 0.35, 95%CI 0.12–1.01). Further quantification of AoSU among PLWH in South Africa are needed to implement appropriate interventions to reduce harms from AoSU.
Evolving Trends in the Surgical Therapy of Patients with Endometrial Cancer in Germany: Analysis of a Nationwide Registry with Special Emphasis on Perioperative Outcomes
Authors: Roth Katrin , Kaier Klaus , Stachon Peter , Mühlen Constantin von zur , Jungmann Peter , Grimm Juliane , Klar Maximilian , Juhasz-Böss Ingolf , Taran Florin-Andrei
Published: June 2023

Purpose
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological malignancy in women, with increasing incidence in the last decades. Surgical therapy is the mainstay of the initial management. The present study analyzed the evolving trends of surgical therapy in Germany in patients diagnosed with EC recorded in a nationwide registry.
Methods
All patients with the diagnosis of EC undergoing open surgery, laparoscopic surgery and robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery between 2007 and 2018, were identified by international classification of diseases (ICD) or specific operational codes (OPS) within the database of the German federal bureau of statistics.
Results
A total of 85,204 patients underwent surgical therapy for EC. Beginning with 2013, minimal-invasive surgical therapy was the leading approach for patients with EC. Open surgery was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality (1.3% vs. 0.2%, p < 0.001), of prolonged mechanical ventilation (1.3% vs. 0.2%, p < 0.001), and of prolonged hospital stay (13.7 ± 10.2 days vs. 7.2 ± 5.3 days, p < 0.001) compared to laparoscopic surgery. A total of 1551 (0.04%) patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery were converted to laparotomy. Procedure costs were highest for laparotomy, followed by robotic-assisted laparoscopy and laparoscopy (8286 ± 7533€ vs. 7083 ± 3893€ vs. 6047 ± 3509€, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The present study revealed that minimal-invasive surgery has increasingly become the standard surgical procedure for patients with EC in Germany. Furthermore, minimal-invasive surgery had superior in-hospital outcomes compared to laparotomy. Moreover, the use of robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery is increasing, with a comparable in-hospital safety profile to conventional laparoscopy.
Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity among community-dwelling Peruvian adults: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Flores-Flores Oscar , Zevallos-Morales Alejandro , Pollard Suzanne L. , Checkely William , Siddharthan Trishul , Hurst John R. , Bernabé-Ortiz Antonio , Runzer-Colmenares Fernando M , Witham Miles , Parodi José F.
Published: June 2023

Background
Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity (SO) have emerged as significant contributors to negative health outcomes in the past decade. However, there remains a lack of consensus on the criteria and cut-off thresholds for assessing sarcopenia and SO. Moreover, limited data are available on the prevalence of these conditions in Latin American countries. To address this evidence gap, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of probable sarcopenia, sarcopenia, and SO in a community-dwelling population of 1151 adults aged ≥ 55 years in Lima, Peru.
Methods
Data collection for this cross-sectional study was conducted between 2018 and 2020 in two urban low-resource settings in Lima, Peru. Sarcopenia was defined as the presence of low muscle strength (LMS) and low muscle mass (LMM) according to European (EWGSOP2), US (FNIH) and Asian (AWGS) guidelines. We measured muscle strength by maximum handgrip strength; muscle mass using a whole-body single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer, and physical performance using the Short Physical Performance Battery and 4-meter gait speed. SO was defined as a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 and sarcopenia.
Results
The study participants had a mean age of 66.2 years (SD 7.1), of which 621 (53.9%) were men, and 41.7% were classified as obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m²). The prevalence of probable sarcopenia was estimated to be 22.7% (95%CI: 20.3–25.1) using the EWGSOP2 criteria and 27.8% (95%CI:25.2–30.4) using the AWGS criteria. Sarcopenia prevalence, assessed using skeletal muscle index (SMI), was 5.7% (95%CI: 4.4–7.1) according to EWGSOP2 and 8.3% (95%CI: 6.7–9.9) using AWGS criteria. The prevalence of sarcopenia based on the FNIH criteria was 18.1% (95%CI: 15.8–20.3). The prevalence of SO, considering different sarcopenia definitions, ranged from 0.8% (95%CI: 0.3–1.3) to 5.0% (95%CI: 3.8–6.3).
Conclusions
Our findings reveal substantial variation in the prevalence of sarcopenia and SO when using different guidelines, underscoring the necessity for context-specific cut-off values. Nevertheless, regardless of the chosen guideline, the prevalence of probable sarcopenia and sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults in Peru remains noteworthy.
Teaching Learning based Optimization and Cohort Intelligence for Stochastic Microgrid Power System
Authors: D Murugesan , K Jagatheesan , shah Pritesh , sekhar Ravi
Published: June 2023

Interconnected multi-area microgrids are the future of sustainable and reliable power systems. Microgrids require effective load frequency control for stable operation. This paper presents a proportional–integral–derivative (PID)based load frequency controller(LFC) for a stochastic microgrid power system having multiple power sources viz. 6 solar, wind, diesel engine generator, and electrical battery. The gain parameters of the proposed microgrid PID LFC 7 regulator were optimized by using a genetic algorithm (GA), teaching learning-based optimization (TLBO), and cohort 8 intelligence algorithms. The integral time-multiplied absolute error (ITAE) and integral time-squared error(ITSE) were 9 used as the cost functions for all algorithms. The performances of all optimized microgrid PID LFC architectures 10 were examined by applying random step load disruption conditions. Primary results show that the cohort intelligence 11 optimized PID LFC controller minimizes the computation time and attains superior robust response characteristics. The 12 cohort intelligence algorithm also consumes a lesser number of iterations and improves the power supply quality in the 13 multi-power micro-grid electrical power framework with regard to effective load frequency control characteristics.
The relationship between self-control and mobile phone addiction in Chinese college students: The mediating roles of fear of missing out and stress
Authors: Fu Guifang , Zhang Minhui , Ou Jiaheng , Chen Caiqi
Published: June 2023

Background: Mobile phone addiction has become a serious problem among college students. Studies have examined the relationship between self-control and mobile phone addiction; however, few have discussed the indirect mechanism. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of fear of missing out in the relationship between self-control and mobile phone addiction.
Methods: 411 college students were random-sampling surveyed online using the Self-Control Scale (SCS), Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMOS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI). Mediating effect analysis was used to test the hypothesis.
Results: The results showed that fear of missing out, stress, and mobile phone addiction were positively correlated, whereas self-control was negatively correlated with all three variables. Mediation analysis revealed that self control predicted mobile phone addiction not only directly but also through three indirect paths through the mediating role of (1) fear of missing out, (2) stress, and (3) the serial mediating role of fear of missing out and stress.
Conclusions: This study expands the theoretical research on self-control and mobile phone addiction and provides theoretical support to interventions on college students' mobile phone addiction.
Feasibility Study of Telluric Magnetic Field Frequency Selection Method Supported by Numerical Modeling and Karst Aquifer Case Studies
Authors: Yang Tianchun , HUANG RUI , Hussain Yawar , GAO QIANGSHAN
Published: June 2023

Driven by the magnetotelluric (MT), the telluric electrical field frequency selection method (TEFSM) and telluric magnetic field frequency selection method (TMFSM) measure the the horizontal components of the earth's telluric field at several frequencies along the direction of the survey line. The authors have already documented in previous study, the obtained anomalies applying the TEFSM are not free from the static shift effects. This study focuses on investigating the feasibility of the TMFSM in the context of a karst aquifer through two-dimensional forward simulations and field measurements. Utilizing the MT 2D forward modeling theory, we calculated the surface horizontal electric Ex and magnetic Hx field components along the profile in both telluric magnetic (TM) and in telluric electric (TE) polarization modes. Secondly, TEFSM was employed for groundwater exploration in the karst aquifer. Additionally, the field testing of audio-frequency magnetotelluric (AMT) was conducted using V8 electric acquisition system that minimized the interferences from anthropogenic noise sources. The simulation results indicated that the Ex component exhibited significantly high-value anomalies over high resistance bodies, whereas Ey and Hx components did not show clear anomalies. However, all three components displayed apparent anomalies for conductive bodies. Theoretically, TMFSM is feasible for exploring shallow conductive abnormal bodies, although the component Hx component is susceptible to external interference in practical applications. Therefore, designing specialized magnetic sensors with strong anti-interference capability and high accuracy is significant for achieving satisfactory results.
Precise Control of Digital Dental Unit to Reduce Aerosol and Splatter Production: New Challenges for Future Epidemics
Authors: Yu Yuedi , Wu Xueling , Sun Yang
Published: June 2023

Background
During dental procedures, critical parameters, such as cooling condition, speed of the rotary dental turbine (handpiece), and distance and angle from pollution sources, were evaluated for transmission risk of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), simulated by spiking in a plasmid encoding a modified viral spike protein, HexaPro (S6P), in droplets and aerosols.
Methods
To simulate routine operation in dental clinics, dental procedures were conducted on a dental manikin within a digital dental unit, incorporating different dental handpiece speeds and cooling conditions. The tooth model was immersed in Coomassie brilliant blue dye and was pre-coated with 100 µL water spiked-in with S6P-encoding plasmid. Furthermore, the manikin was surrounded by filter papers and Petri dishes positioned at different distances and angles. Subsequently, the filter papers and Petri dishes were collected to evaluate the aerosol splash points and the viral load of S6P-encoding plasmid in aerosols and splatters generated during the dental procedure.
Results
Aerosol splashing generated a localized pollution area extended up to 60 cm, with heightened contamination risks concentrated within a 30 cm radius. Significant differences in aerosol splash points and viral load by different turbine handpiece speeds under any cooling condition (P < 0.05) were detected. The highest level of aerosol splash points and viral load were observed when the handpiece speed was set at 40,000 rpm. Conversely, the lowest level of aerosol splash point and viral load were found at a handpiece speed of 10,000 rpm. Moreover, the aerosol splash points with higher viral load were more prominent in the positions of the operator and assistant compared to other positions. Additionally, the position of the operator exhibited the highest viral load among all positions.
Conclusions
To minimize the spread of aerosol and virus in clinics, dentists are supposed to adopt the minimal viable speed of a dental handpiece with limited cooling water during dental procedures. In addition, comprehensive personal protective equipment is necessary for both dental providers and dental assistants.
Characteristics and influencing factors of uranium adsorption by sandstones outside an acid in-situ leaching uranium mining area
Authors: Yang Bing , Cui Di , Meng Tong , Guo Huaming , Lian Guoxi
Published: June 2023

Uranium (U) contamination in groundwater of the uranium mines exploited using the in-situ leaching (ISL) technology (also referred to as the ISL uranium mines) has attracted wide international attention. Since the adsorption of U in groundwater by aquifer media influences the migration scope of U, understanding the U adsorption by aquifer media is of great significance for accurately predicting the influencing scope of ISL uranium mines on groundwater. This study collected sandstone samples from the ore-bearing aquifer outside a typical mining area in a uranium mine exploited using the acid ISL (AISL) technology (also referred to as an AISL uranium mine) in northern China. Using these sandstone samples, this study conducted batch adsorption experiments and column experiments of U to reveal the characteristics and major influencing factors of U adsorption under different conditions. The results show that the adsorption of U by sandstones in the ore-bearing aquifer outside a mining area satisfies the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and the linear isothermal adsorption model. In the batch U adsorption experiments, the adsorption efficiency and capacity for U reached maxima of 77.45% and 0.069 mg/g at pH 7, respectively. As shown by column experiments, the sandstones showed a significant increase in the U adsorption and retardation as pH increased. The SO42− concentration has minor effects on U adsorption under experimental conditions. Sandstones from different monitoring wells exhibited different U adsorption characteristics. Sandstone cores with relatively high contents of clay minerals such as illite showed strong U adsorption. Under the same experimental conditions, the U distribution coefficient Kd (6.91×10− 2 L/g) obtained from column experiments is much less than that (0.14 L/g) obtained from the batch U adsorption experiments. These results suggest that it is necessary to take into account the U adsorption and retardation by aquifer media in predicting the impacts of ISL uranium mines on the groundwater environment.
Biomarkers for Duchenne muscular dystrophy progression: impact of age in the mdx tongue spared muscle
Authors: Lorena Marcelo dos Santos Voltani , Santos Estela Kato , Ferretti Renato , Gowda G.A. Nagana , Odom Guy L. , Chamberlain Jeffrey S. , Matsumura Cintia Yuri
Published: June 2023

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe form of muscular dystrophy without an effective treatment, caused by mutations in the DMD gene, leading to the absence of dystrophin. DMD results in muscle weakness, loss of ambulation and death at an early age. Metabolomics studies in mdx mice, the most used model for DMD, reveal changes in metabolites associated with muscle degeneration and aging. In DMD, the tongue muscles exhibit unique behavior, initially showing partial protection against inflammation but later experiencing fibrosis and loss of muscle fibers. Certain metabolites and proteins, like TNF-α and TGF-β, are potential biomarkers for dystrophic muscle characterization.
Methods: To investigate disease progression and aging, we utilized young (1-month old) and old (21-25 months old) mdx and wild-type mice. Metabolite changes were analyzed using 1-H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, while TNF-α and TGF-β were assessed using Western blotting to examine inflammation, and fibrosis. Morphometric analysis was conducted to assess the extent of myofiber damage between groups.
Results: The histological analysis of the tongue showed no differences between groups. No differences were found between the concentrations of metabolites from wild type or mdx animals of the same age. The metabolites alanine, methionine, 3-methylhistidine were higher, and taurine and glycerol were lower in young animals in both wild type and mdx (p < 0.001). The metabolites glycine (p < 0.001) and glutamic acid (p = 0.0018) were different only in the mdx groups, being higher in young mdx mice. Acetic acid, phosphocreatine, isoleucine, succinic acid, creatine and the proteins TNF-α and TGF-β had no difference in the analysis between groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: Surprisingly, histological and protein analysis reveals that the tongue of young and old mdx animals is protected from severe myonecrosis observed in other muscles. The metabolites alanine, methionine, 3-methylhistidine, taurine, and glycerol may be effective for specific assessments, although their use for disease progression monitoring should be cautious due to age-related changes. Acetic acid, phosphocreatine, isoleucine, succinate, creatine, TNF-α, and TGF-β do not vary with aging and remain constant in spared muscles, suggesting their potential as specific biomarkers for DMD progression independent of aging.
Single Stage Plant-Warehouse Location Problem (SSPWLP): A State of Art Formulation
Authors: awasthi pushkar , sharma rrk , singh vinay
Published: June 2023

Kaufman et. al. (1977) first considered this problem (SSPWLP). Goods flow from plants to warehouses to markets. Here we need to locate plants and warehouses of appropriate capacities so that sum total of location cost of plants and warehouses and distribution cost of goods from plant to warehouses to markets is minimized. They considered normalized decision variables (see Sharma and Muralidhar (2009)). However they used the formulation style of Geoffrion and Graves (1974). We use normalized variables but use the variable style of Sharma (1991) and Sharma and Berry (2007) that reduces the number of variables. We give several strong linking constraints by drawing from the works of Sharma and Namdeo (2005) and Sharma and Berry (2007). Below we give the formulation in brief. Details can be seen in the body of the paper. Variables names are self explanatory and makes understanding the model easier.
New Formulation of SSPWLP:
Min sum(i,j), cpw(i,j)*xpw(i,j) + sum(j,k), cwm(j,k)*xwm(j,k)
Sum(i), yp(i)*fp(i) + sum(j), yw(j)*fw(j) (0)
Sum(i,j), xpw(i,j) = 1 (0a)
Sum(j,k), xwm(j,k) = 1 (0b)
Sum(j), xwm(j,k) >= d(k) for all k (0c)
Sum(j), xpw(i,j) <= capp(i) for all i (1)
Sum(j), xpw(i,j) <= capp(i)*yp(i) for all i (2)
Sum(i), xpw(i,j) <= capw(j) for all j (3)
Sum(i), xpw(i,j) <= capw(j)*yw(j) for all j (4)
xpw(i,j) <= yp(i)*capw(j) for all i, j (5)
xpw(i,j) <= yw(j)*capp(i) for all i,j (6)
xwm(j,k) <= d(k)*yw(j) for all j,k (7)
Sum(j), xpw(i,j) <= yp(i) for all i (8)
Sum(i), xpw(i,j) <= yw(j) for all j (9)
Flow balance constraint:
Sum(i), xpw(i,j) = sum(k), xwm(j,k) for all j (10)
Sum(i), capp(i)*yp(i) >= 1 (11)
Sum(j), capw(j)*yw(j) >= 1 (12)
xpw(i,j) >= 0 for all i,j; xwm(j,k) >= 0 for all j,k (13)
yp(i) = (0,1) for all i and yw(j) = (0,1) for all j (14)
This (the above formulation of SSPWLP) is the best formulation of SSPWLP that is amenable to solution by LP relaxation and attendant branch and bound and/or branch and cut solution procedure. In literature the distribution phase between plant and warehouse (where plant and warehouse are to be located) is solved by Sharma and Agarwal (2014) as MID_CPLP were Lagrangian Relaxation (LR) was deployed to get RHS_CPLP and LHS_CPLP (different classes of capacitated plant location problems) that were attempted by well known relaxations (LR and Linear Programming) already available in literature (see Priyanka Verma and Sharma (2011)). Computational investigation is underway to determine efficacy of different new linking constraints given in this paper.
A general model for thermodynamic properties of fluid mixtures based on Helmholtz energy formulations for the components. Virial expansion and reduction to van der Waals mixing rules.
Authors: Hrubý Jan
Published: June 2023

Over the recent decades, Helmholtz energy formulations became available for a broad range of fluids. These multiparameter equations of state [R. Span, Springer 2000] allow computation of thermodynamic properties essentially within the experimental errorbars. Corresponding states-based model by Lemmon and Tillner-Roth [Fluid Phase Equilib. 165, 1 (1999)] enabled construction of Helmholtz energy formulations for mixtures. However, we show that this model generates a non-physical dependence of virial coefficients on composition, which can be strong when the components are dissimilar. We propose a new mixture model that overcomes this deficiency. It has two main ingredients: (i.) Quadratic mixing of ``Helmholtz volumities''. This quantity with units of molar volume is introduced as a ratio of the molar residual Helmholtz energy to a product of gas constant, thermodynamic temperature, and molar density. It reduces to the second virial coefficient in the zero-density limit. Helmholtz volumities are considered for components and ``cross-components'', hypothetic fluids representing the binary interactions. (ii.) Replacing the variables -- reduced reciprocal temperatures and reduced densities -- with temperature and density scaling functions. Different scaling functions can be used for different components and cross-components, thus providing a highly flexible framework for representing the properties of mixtures. The scaling functions must be expandable into Taylor series in terms of molar concentrations in the zero-density limit. For the proposed mixture model, we develop formulas for computing virial coefficients up to the fourth order. Furthermore, we show that when the proposed mixture model is applied to a cubic equation of state, the conventional van der Waals mixing rules can be retrieved. These findings allow to consider the new model as a viable alternative to the corresponding states method of modeling thermodynamic properties of fluid mixtures.
Assessment of vascular indices by abdominal aortic ultrasonography in preterm neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Ghaderian Mehdi , Arezoo Mostafa , Ahmadi Alireza , Sabri Mohammad Reza , Dehghan Bahar , Mahdavi Chehreh , Hovsepian Silva
Published: June 2023

Background
Preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) often experience systemic hypertension, but the exact cause is not yet known. Since there have been no previous studies on the relationship between systemic hypertension and aortic thickness, we conducted this study to evaluate and compare various vascular indices among preterm neonates with BPD, preterm neonates without BPD, and healthy neonates using abdominal aorta ultrasonography.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study 20 preterm neonates, 20 preterm neonates with BPD, and 20 healthy neonates who were matched for gestational age, weight, sex, and age were included. Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical examination data were recorded. The neonates underwent abdominal aortic ultrasonography to compare the aortic wall thickness and vasomotor function among the three groups.
Results
The study found that neonates with BPD had a significantly higher mean systolic blood pressure compared to preterm and term neonates(P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in echocardiographic variables including SVR, input impedance, and arterial wall stiffness index among the three groups(P > 0.05). Mean (SD) of aIMT in preterm neonates with BPD, preterm and term neonates were 814(193.59), 497.50(172.19) and 574.00(113.20), respectively(P < 0.05). Mean (SD) of pulsatile diameter in preterm neonates with BPD, preterm and term neonates were 1.52(0.81), 0.91(0.55) and 1.34(0.51), respectively(P < 0.05). After adjusting for birth weight, sex, and gestational age, the study found a significant association between aIMT and BPD.
Conclusion
The study concluded that the mean aortic intima-media thickness (aIMT) was significantly higher in preterm neonates with BPD, which could be an early marker of atherosclerosis and predisposition to higher blood pressure and cardiovascular issues in the future. Therefore, the study suggests that aIMT could be used as a reproducible and well-tolerated marker to identify patients with BPD who are at risk for developing these health issues.