bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Antioxidant Compounds, Antibacterial Activity and Minerals Content of Broccoli
Authors: Dhuha M.A.AL-Altaie  , Zuhair Radhi Addai
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to examine the antioxidant compounds, antibacterial activity and minerals content of broccoli stem and floret. The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring total phenolic content (TPC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The antibacterial activity was determined using paper disc method against two bacteria namely Klebsiella sp, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and P. aeruginosa. Minerals concentrations of broccoli stem and floret were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed that floret sample had significantly (P <0.05) higher total phenol content and antioxidant activity compared to stem sample. The result showed that the acetone extracts of broccoli stem and floret were effective against all the bacteria tested. The majority of the broccoli materials were rich in some of the essential minerals like Na, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Fe, and Zn, which are known to be beneficial for health. In general, the concentrations of minerals in the broccoli stem and floret were detected. broccoli floret higher minerals concentration of K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Fe, and Zn of floret than stem. Results showed part of plant effect of the antioxidant compounds and minerals content. Results of the present study provide vital data on the availability of some antioxidant compounds and essential minerals, which can be useful to provide dietary information for designing value-added foods and for food bio fortification.
Study on Heart Measurements of the People between the age 20-40 Years Present to the Teaching Hospital Colombo North – Post mortem Study
Authors: De Silva RLSK  , Kitulwatte IDG  , Priyanath DC  , Gunathilake MMAC  , Senanayake TAAW  , Kumari MKJK
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Presence of an enlarged heart provides a basis for determination of the cause and mechanisms of death. Gender, physical activity, and Body Mass Index (BMI) may affect the size of organs. Knowledge on such normal variations is needed in order to recognize the abnormalities.Objectives- This research was conducted to study the dimensions of the heart(heart weight, left ventricular thickness and valvular circumferences) among the young adult healthy deceased autopsies and evaluate their association with different variables.Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study and 20-40 years of age healthy, young, adult, males and females in equal numbers who had died suddenly were studied by considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Details of the past history and the measurements were entered into a proforma and the anonymous data were used for analysis.Results: The study revealed that the mean values of the heart weight was 280.52g (SD+/- 42.60), it was 293.94g (SD+/-39.29) for males and 267.10g (SD+/-42.64) for females. There was no significant association of heart weight with gender (P= 0.46410). There was a significant association between BMI and the heart weight of the females (P= 0.0387), no such association for left ventricular wall thickness. Further, there was a significant difference of the tricuspid valve circumference among two genders and the values were 11.6cm (SD+/-0.82) for males and 10.7cm (SD+/-0.6) for females.Conclusions: Majority of the findings was consistent with the findings of the studies globally on Caucasians. Increased body mass index was significantly associated with increased heart weight among females which could probably be explained as a consequence of increased epicardial fat since there was no such association for left ventricular wall thickness.
Drug Patch Test as a Diagnostic Test to Determine the Culprit Drug of Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reaction (CADR)
Authors: Damayanti  , Hari Sukanto  , Marsudi Hutomo  , Sylvia Anggraeni  , Menul Ayu Umborowati  , Cita Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa
Published: June 2021

Background: Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reaction (CADR) is a frequent problem in clinical practice since there were new drugs or drug misuse, which leads to high morbidity and mortality rate. It is often difficult to determine the offending drug only from the history. Provocation test, intradermal test or skin prick test are of significant value, but having higher risk to re-precipitate life-threatening reaction. Drug patch test (DPT) is a test, which is performed to CADR patient to determine the culprit drug. The main advantages of DPT are, it gives rarely adverse reaction and any commercialized form of drugs can be used.Methods: This is a retrospective study, aimed to analize the clinical relevance between anamnesis and DPT result in patient with history of CADR. All patient, who were performed with DPT in one year period in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya Indonesia, were evaluated in this study. Results: There were 14 patients with history of CADR, who performed DPT; consist of 7 maculopapular eruption cases, 4 Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) cases, 1 Fixed Drug Eruption (FDE) case, 1 Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis (AGEP) case and 1 Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Reaction (DRESS) case. There were 9 patients (64.3 %), who got positive result of DPT. The relevance between anamnesis and positive result of DPT were shown in 8 patient (88.9%) of 9 patient with positive DPT result. Conclusion: DPT has important role in identifying the culprit drug in CADR, especially when multiple drugs are involved.
The Role of Forensic Expert on the Albanian Juridical Processes Focused on Minor’s Issues
Authors: Evis Garunja
Published: June 2021

Adapting the legal framework to social change highlighted the necessity of expert involvement in all stages of juridical proceedings. The expertise of the psychologist during the process constitutes an important guide for a fair and right court decision on cases focused on minors. This figure facilitates a lot the work of judges on a responsible decision for the minor’s future.The article highlights some of the duties, responsibilities, and functions of the psychologist during court proceedings, how they operate in the judicial system today, how this function can be improved to support the minor, and the institutions themselves. The article highlights some of the weaknesses of this role on its reposition as a concrete and substantial part of the judicial structure to produce maximum positive effects, as well as enhancing its opportunities and facilitating process services and the minor’s future orientation in cooperation with other institutions in charge or social services
Analysis of the Characteristics of SARS-Cov-2 Spike Compared to SARS-Cov Spike and Its Role in the Pathogenesis of Infection– A Literature Review
Authors: Galih Kathleyana  , Sihning E.J.T  , Diah Purwaningsar  , Retno Budiarti
Published: June 2021

The spread of COVID-19 that caused by SARS-CoV-2 happened very fast & has infected many people. WHO reported 1,051,635 cases of COVID-19 and 56,985 confirmed deaths caused by COVID-19 as of April 4, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that originates from betacoronavirus together with SARS-CoV.This study aims to find and understand the differences between the SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV spikes in the infection and the spread of the resulting disease. This is a literature studies obtained from national journal articles indexed by SINTA and international journals indexed by Scimago or Scopus and published in 2015-2020. We concluded that there is a difference between the SARS-CoV-2 spike and the SARS-CoV spike, so that it can affect the spread of the disease. SARS-CoV-2 has a furin cleavage site that absent in SARS-CoV. The existence of this furin cleavage site can help the activation and the efficiency of the infection of the SARS-CoV-2 and increases its transmissibility to organs and populations when compared to viruses without furin cleavage sites such as SARS-CoV.
The Impact of Timing and Mode of Delivery on the Outcome of Newborn with Gastroschisis
Authors: Hayder Neamah Hassan
Published: June 2021

There are controversial data about of the most suitable method of delivery for the infants with pre- and ante-natal diagnosis of gastroschisis . The objective of the present study is to investigate the role of the gestational age and mode of delivery on the outcomes of infants with gastroschisis . Twenty seven infants diagnosed with gastroschisis were included in the current study . The study was conducted at Al-Zahra Teaching Hospital in Al-Najaf city, in Iraq , during the period between October 2017 to October 2020 . The results of the current study show that there is a significant relationship between each of mode of delivery and gestational age with type of surgery (p value = 0.04) . It also shows a high significant relationship between gestational age and age at presentation (p value = 0.01) . The study concluded that the outcome of newborn with gastroschisis might be slightly affected by timing and mode of delivery .
Estimation the Prevalence of Anemia in Pregnancy in Tuz City, Saladin Governorate
Authors: Hassan Y. Hassan
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Anemia is a state of decreased level of hemoglobin below normal. WHO defines anemia as hemoglobin level below 10.5 gm/dl in 2nd trimester, below 11 gm / dl in 1st and 2nd trimesters and below 10gm/dl postpartum. The Aim of this study to estimate prevalence of anemia in pregnancy in Tuz city, Saladin governorate. Subjects and Methods:This study was conducted at the beginning of November 2019 to the end of February 2020. 150 women at child bearing age were participated in this study (100 pregnant women collected randomly from those attending antenatal care center in Tuz General Hospital in Saladin governorate and 50 healthy non pregnant women collected randomly as control.). Written consent was taken from each woman participating in the study after expanding the aim of the study for each subject. In the laboratory of the hospital, 3 ml of cubital venous blood had been drawn from each patient using disposable syringes and needles.The same automated analyzer had been used to perform complete blood count (CBC) and 5 parameters had been estimated for each patient. Results: 96% of non-pregnant women had normal hemoglobin level and 4%of them had mild to moderate anemia. Among pregnant women, 4% of them severe anemia, 65% of them had mild to moderate anemia, and 31% of them had normal hemoglobin level. Among pregnant women in 1st trimester, 27.8% of them had mild to moderate anemia and 72.2% of them had normal hemoglobin level. Among pregnant women in 2nd trimester, 8,3% of them had severe anemia, 75% had mild to moderate anemia, 16,7% of them had normal hemoglobin level. Among pregnant women in 3rd trimester, 2,2% had severe anemia, 71,7% had mild to moderate anemia and 26,1% had normal hemoglobin level.
Risk Factors of Recurrent Febrile Convulsions in Children in AL-batool Teaching Hospital
Authors: Habeeb Hailah Othman
Published: June 2021

Background: Febrile seizures are the most common convulsive disorder in infants and children. Its occurbetween the age of 6 and 60 mo.There are two type of febrile convulsion simple and complex; A simplefebrile seizure is a primary generalized, usually tonic-clonic, attack associated with fever, lasting for amaximum of 15 min, and not recurrent within a 24-hour period. A complex febrile seizure is more prolonged(>15 min), focal, and/or recurs within 24 hr .Aim of the study: To identify the risk factors for recurrence of febrile convulsions in children.Materials and Methods: This was a case-controlled study done at Al Batool teaching hospital .Studyconducted over a period of five months , from August 2018 to December 2018 . All children with febrileseizure belonging to age group of 6 months to 6 years were included in the study.Results : Compared to children with first attack of febrile convulsion, children with recurrent seizures wereyounger at onset (12_24mo.) (26% vs. 54%), mainly male (72% vs. 62%) and had more often family history(second degree relative), low degree of temperature (78% vs. 36%),simple febrile convulsion (52% vs.68%),duration of fever less than12 hours (78% vs. 70%), and frequent febrile illnesses (74% vs. 20%). firstdegree family history of febrile convulsion and family history of epilepsy were not significant risk factors.Conclusions: The risk factors associated with increased incidence of recurrence FC are: male sex, agebetween12_24 months at the onset of the first FC, family history of FC in a second degree relative, durationof fever <12 hours ,simple type of convulsion &frequent attack of febrile illness(>4per year).
The Prevalence of Cancer in Indonesia: An Ecological Analysis
Authors: Santoso Hendrik , Chalidyanto Djazuly , Laksono Agung Dwi
Published: June 2021

Cancer is one of the catastrophic diseases with the most considerable absorption of costs in the NationalHealth Insurance-Indonesian Health Card (JKN-KIS) program. The study aimed at analyzing ecologicallythe factors related to the prevalence of cancer in Indonesia.The research carried out ecological analysis usingsecondary data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2018. The study sampled allprovinces. Apart from cancer, five other variables analyzed as independent variables were the percentageof preserved meat/chicken/fish, the percentage of fatty/cholesterol/fried foods, the percentage of e-cigarettesmokers, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, the prevalence of hypertension. Data were analyzed usingscatter plots.The study results found that the higher the percentage of preserved meat/chicken/fish foodconsumption habits in a province, the higher the prevalence of cancer. The higher the rate of fatty/cholesterol/fried food consumption in an area, the higher the prevalence of cancer. Likewise, the higher the percentage ofe-cigarette smokers in a province, the higher the prevalence of cancer. The higher the prevalence of diabetesmellitus in an area, the higher the prevalence of cancer. Finally, the higher the prevalence of hypertensionin a province, the higher the prevalence of cancer. The studyconcluded that the five independent variablesanalyzed are related to the majority of cancer in Indonesia.
Comparison between Conservative Treatment Andappendectomy for Managing Appendicular Mass in Children
Authors: Hayder Neamah Hassan
Published: June 2021

Appendectomy is considered the first treatment choice for appendicitis. However, controversy existssince conservative therapy is associated with fewer complications than appendectomy for patients with appendicular mass. Twenty onechildren underwent to appendectomy (Group I) , and sixty children on conservative therapy (Group II)were included in this study . The study was conducted at Al-Zahra Teaching Hospital in Al-Najaf city, in Iraq , during the period between October 2020 to January 2021 .The results of the current study show that there is a significant difference in laboratory Investigation (p value = 0.04) , Fever(p value = 0.001), hospital stay/ days(p value = 0.02) and duration of symptoms(p value = 0.003) between group I and group II .The study concluded that the appendectomy may result in better outcomes and less complication than conservative therapy in children with appendicular mass .
Ecological Analysis of Stroke in Indonesia in 2018
Authors: Izza Dinalhaque Pranatasari  , Agung Dwi Laksono
Published: June 2021

Stroke is one of the significant causes of disability and death worldwide and is classified as a catastrophic disease in Indonesia. The study aims to analyze ecologically the factors related to theprevalence of stroke in Indonesia. The authors conduct a research using secondary data from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey that used all the provinces as samples. Apart from theprevalence of stroke, four other variables analyzed as independent variables were diabetes mellitus, theprevalence of hypertension, theprevalence of obesity, and the percentage of the population with alcohol consumptionin the past month. Data were analyzed using a scatter plot.The study results found thatthe higher the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity in a province, the higher the prevalence of stroke. However, the higher the population percentage with alcohol consumption, the lower the prevalence of stroke in that province. The three variables, which are the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity, were positively related to the prevalence of stroke in Indonesia. The population percentage with alcohol consumption was negatively associated with the majorityof stroke in Indonesia.
Mixed Methods Analysis: Traditional Medication,Stigma, and Leper’s Family Support Roles in Level II Leprosy Disability
Authors: Irwan Saputra  , T.M. Rafsanjani  , Said Usman
Published: June 2021

People with a level II leprosy disability have limited functions in society. In Nagan Raya District, there is a 41% leprosy endemic area with a 5% level II disability rate. The goal of this research was to prove the relationships of traditional medication, stigma, and leper’s family support to level II leprosy disability. This research used mixedmethodsand a case-control design with 84 respondents42 case respondents (level II leprosy disability) and 42 control respondents (level 0 leprosy disability)chosen by consecutive sampling under some inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection used the in-depth interview method. This study used bivariate data analysis with the chi-square test and multivariate data analysis with the logistic regression test and the Miles and Huberman’s model. The results of the chi-square analysis indicated that traditional medication had p value=0.014 (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 0.2–7.7), stigma p=0.04 (OR:3.6;95% CI: 1.5–8.9), and family’s support p=0.192 (OR:2.0; 95% CI: 0.7–5.8). The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that stigma was a risk factor for leprosy level II disability with p value=0.006, (OR=4.9; 95% CI: 1.6–15.1) and probability of 99.96%. Based on the interview results, lepers were feeling uncomfortable with the society’s not acceptingthem in a good way. This was especially the case with khanduri(feast) when it came down to food in that the society assumed lepers would transmit the infectious, disgusting disease. The Nagan Raya District Health Office is expected to encourage the societyto accept lepers and provide information regarding the process of leprosy transmission so as to appease the community’s fearand to prevent further disability.
Clinical Trial of Black Seeds Against COVID – 19 in Kirkuk City/ Iraq
Authors: Al-Haidari Kadhim Ali Abbas , Faiq TunjaiNamiq , Ghareeb OzdanAkram
Published: June 2021

In order to cope with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there is an urgent need for effectiveprevention and control measures. This study aims to explore the positive action of black seeds (BS) againstCOVID-19 in patients involved in the trail. It is a descriptive, comparative, and open-label study. In ourstudy, (419) participants were divided into two groups.The studied participants included patients whichreceived standard care treatment as a control group (CON) , while the (BS) group were patients receivedblack seeds at a 40 mg/kg dose orally, once daily for 14 days plus standard protocol of treatment. Theevidence of BS efficacy was obvious in the severity and outcome of infection with covid-19. A significantlyhigher severity of infection among control group 44 (17.0%) than the black seed group were noticed; thecontrol group also showed 14 deaths (5.4%), while there were no deaths in black seeds group (0.0%). Thus,we can conclude that black seed is very effective in reducing the severity of covid-19 and preventing deathin infected patients.
The Most Important Native Iranian Medicinal Plants Affecting The Bacteria that Cause Tooth Decay; A Systematic Review
Authors: Oboodiat Mahsa , Bakhtiari Ronak , Shakib Pegah , Manoocheri Neshatafarin , Khakpour Atefeh
Published: June 2021

Background: Tooth decay is an infectious disease that is caused by various microorganisms. Chemicaldrugs used to control and treat tooth decay mainly have side effects. On the other hand, many plants haveantimicrobial effect against microbes that cause tooth decay. Therefore, the aim of this study was to introduceIranian medicinal plants with antimicrobial properties in tooth decay.Method: To reach this purpose, we searched keywords containing Iranian medicinal plants, medicinalplants, Tooth decay, essential oils, and extracts in Pub Med, Web of Science Direct, Scopus, ScientificInformation Databases, and Google scholar.Results: The results of our study led to the achievement of 17 articles that intensive on the study of Iranianmedicinal plants affecting the bacteria that cause tooth decay.Conclusion: This article introduces a number of plants that have been introduced in different regions of Iranfor the treatment of tooth decay, which based on the knowledge of traditional and ethnobotanical medicineof Iran, we believe that they can be used as a drug against tooth decay.
Applications of Non-thermal Atmospheric Plasma in Restorative Dentistry: A Narrative Review
Authors: Al-Tufaili Maitham Yahya , Valizadeh Sara
Published: June 2021

Plasma-related technologies are essential in modern industries. Recently, plasma has attracted increasedattention in the biomedical field. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) is widely used for various therapeuticapplications in health care. Particularly in dentistry, this paper supplies an essential knowledge of plasmaand a narrative review of plasma uses in restorative dentistry. There have been efforts to use NTP technologyin restorative dentistry involving modifications of dental surfaces, adhesion, treatment of dental caries, andtooth bleaching. Although various investigations were in the recent stages, the prospective value of NTPfor dental uses has been occured. To extende the scope of plasma approaches and put suitable research topractical use, interdisciplinary research with the participation of dental professionals is recommended.
Relationship of Complications During Pregnancy and Low Birth Weight in Indonesia: An Ecological Study
Authors: Charisso Leonny , Megatsari Hario , Laksono AgungDwi , Ibad Mursyidul
Published: June 2021

Low birth weight is classified as one of the children’s health problems in Indonesia. Theauthorsconducted astudy to analyze the environmental factors associated with Indonesia’s low birth weight. Thestudy conductedan ecological analysis using secondary data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia report in2018. The study takes all provinces in Indonesia as samples.Besidesthe proportion of low birth weight, therewere 3 other variables analyzed, the proportion of hypertension in pregnancy, the proportion of birth canalbleeding, and the proportion of amniotic fluid discharge. Data were analyzed using cross-tabulation.Theresults show that all three variables tend to affect the proportion of low birth weight and the previous studies.The study concluded that the three independent variables analyzed tend to correlate with the proportion oflow birth weight in Indonesia.
Risk Factors Associated with Perinatal Mortality in West Java, Indonesia (Study in Karawang, Garut , Indramayu and Tasikmalaya City)
Authors: Armini Luh Nik , Fitriah Iin Prima , Sukriani Wahidah , Sutriningsih  , Husin Farid , Susanto Herman , Hilmanto Dany
Published: June 2021

Perinatal mortality is the death of a baby born at 28 weeks of gestation until less than 7 days afterbirth. Perinatal mortality is used to attribute causes of infant death to obstetric events such as stillbirth andinfant mortality in the first week of life. The purpose of this study was to describe the causes, periods, andrisk factors that influence perinatal mortality . The design of this study is the Sequential Explanatory MixedMethods , Research Quantitative designed with analytical methods conducted cross-sectiona l. Sampling wasdone by total sampling. 396 research sample data. The subjects in this study were parents, health workerswho were involved and understood about the causes of perinatal death and the person in charge of recordingand reporting perinatal deaths in health care facilities . 60.6% of the fatalities that occurred were preventabledeaths. Perinatal deaths that often occur are still births and early neonatal. At 2-21% perinatal kamtian, it iscarried out by non-health workers. The risk factors that affect perinatal mortality are pregnancy distance (p= 0.04 ) and comorbidities (p = 0.019).
Pengaruh brand image, persepsi harga dan kualitas layanan terhadap minat beli ulang pada Lazada
Authors: Safitri Arini Nur
Published: June 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of brand image, perceived price, and service quality on repurchasing interest in lazada. Respondents in this study were Lazada users in the students of the Faculty of Economics, Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University in Yogyakarta. The analysis instruments in this study were data quality test, classical assumption, multiple linear regression, t test, F test, and coefficient of determination. This study shows that brand image has a positive and significant influence on repurchase interest, and service quality has a significant positive effect on repurchase interest. Other results from this study indicate that the perception of prices has a negative influence on repurchasing interest.
Pengaruh net profit margin (NPM) dan earning per share (EPS) terhadap return saham dengan struktur modal sebagai variabel intervening
Authors: Yuningsih Vini
Published: June 2021

This research belongs to the type of correlational research. The population in this study is the Property & Real Estate Services Company listed on the Stock Exchange in 2013-2017 which has a total assets of at least 10 trillion. To determine the sample, researchers use financial statement data. The research sample was obtained from financial data found at www.idx.com. The sample members used 7 companies in 5 periods. The data analysis technique used is data quality test, classic assumption test, multiple regression test, t test, determination test and path analysis test.
DETERMINACIÓN DEL CONTENIDO DE CADMIO EN SUELOS, FRUTOS, GRANOS FERMENTADOS Y SECOS, LICOR DE CACAO Y CHOCOLATE EN ZONAS PRODUCTORAS DE LA REGIÓN SAN MARTÍN
Authors: Santander Ruiz Wilson , Garay Montes Richer , Verde Girbau Carlos , Mendieta Taboada Oscar
Published: June 2021

El contenido de cadmio en suelos, hojas, almendras frescas (testa y embrión), almendras fermentadas secas, licor de cacao y tabletas de chocolate con 70 % de cacao, de dos provincias (Bellavista y Huallaga) y cinco localidades (3 en Bellavista y 2 en Huallaga) de la Región San Martín, fue evaluado en el presente trabajo. El contenido de cadmio se determinó por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica, utilizando muestra filtrada obtenida de 0,5 g de muestra seca y 5 ml de solución nítrica perclórica, previa digestión; ensayos realizados en laboratorios de la Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSM). Los valores máximos obtenidos para contenido de cadmio (ppm) fueron: en suelos, 0,960; en hojas 0,780; en testa y cotiledón 0,098; en almendras fermentadas y secas 0,075; en licor de cacao, 0,210; en tabletas de chocolate al 70 % de cacao 0,625. El coeficiente de correlación (R2) para almendras fermentadas y secas indica que no existe diferencia significativa entre zonas, mientras que en licor de cacao la muestra de Tingo de Saposoa fue estadísticamente diferente (p<0,05), estando todos los valores por debajo del máximo permisible. El incremento del contenido de cadmio en chocolate puede deberse a los ingredientes complementarios (leche, panela) o al equipo de procesamiento utilizado.
ANALISIS KETIMPANGAN DAN KLASIFIKASI PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROVINSI BANTEN TAHUN 2016-2020
Authors: Noviar Noviar
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAK

Pelimpahan kewenangan dari pemerintah pusat kepada pemerintah provinsi dan kabupaten/kota untuk menyelenggarakan hampir seluruh fungsi pemerintahan telah menyebabkan kebijakan pembangunan ekonomi disetiap daerah berbeda, mengingat kemajuan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi serta pendapatan perkapita di setiap wilayah juga berbeda-beda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat ketimpangan pembangunan ekonomi dan menentukan klasifikasi wilayah kabupaten/kota di Banten periode tahun 2016-2020 menggunakan pendekatan Indeks Williamson dan Tipologi Klassen. Dari hasil penghitungan Indeks Williamson selama tahun 2016-2020, menunjukkan angka indeks yang selalu berada diatas angka 0,7 dan mendekati angka 1, kondisi ini menunjukkan bahwa ketimpangan pembangunan ekonomi antarkabupaten/kota di Provinsi Banten tidak merata dan terjadi ketimpangan yang cukup tinggi antarkabupaten/kota. Perbedaan konsentrasi kegiatan ekonomi wilayah menjadi salahsatu penyebab tingginya ketimpangan pembangunan ekonomi daerah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menggunakan analisis Tipologi Klassen, disimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar kabupaten/kota di Banten pada periode 2016-2020 termasuk klasifikasi daerah yang cepat berkembang, yaitu sebanyak 5 (lima) kabupaten/kota. Selain itu, ada satu daerah termasuk klasifikasi cepat maju dan tumbuh pesat, satu daerah termasuk klasifikasi daerah maju tetapi tertekan, bahkan masih ada daerah yang dibawah rata-rata Provinsi Banten yang masuk kategori daerah  relatif tertinggal.
ON RELATIONS BETWEEN CREATIVITY AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT CULTURE
Authors: Ceko Enriko
Published: June 2021

The goal of this study is to make evident the strong connections between creativity and quality management, since creativity and quality management subjects currently are observed with an increasing interest all around the world. The methodology of the research is based on the data collection and information about creativity index and ISO 9001:2015 standards, which are applied in developed, medium income developing countries, as well as in low income developing countries. It has been used a regressive analysis followed by analysis of variance, which resulted on the main conclusion of this study that relations between creativity and ISO standards application is strong. The main recommendation is that application of ISO standards relates mostly to quality and its management, and when it comes to quality of products or services, it refers specifically to the perception of extent to which products and services fulfill customer’s expectation and this is related to culture and creativity.
A Tidal Origin for a Three-body Resonance in Kepler-221
Authors: Goldberg Max , Batygin Konstantin
Published: June 2021

Over the course of the last two decades, traditional models of planet formation have been repeatedly challenged by the emerging census of extrasolar planets. Key among them is the orbital architecture problem: while standard models of orbital migration predict resonant orbits for short-period objects, most planets do not appear to lie in orbital resonances. Here, we show that the four-planet system Kepler-221, not previously recognized to have active orbital resonances, has a three-body commensurability relation unique within the Kepler sample. Using a suite of numerical experiments as well as a perturbative analysis, we demonstrate that this system likely began as a resonant chain and proceeded to undergo large-scale divergence away from resonance, under the action of tidal dissipation. Our results further indicate that obliquity tides, driven by a secular spin–orbit resonance and mutual inclination, are an excellent candidate for driving this orbital divergence, and that the high tidal luminosity may also explain the anomalous size of planet b, which lies within the Fulton radius gap.
Incorporating Inner Magnetosphere Current-driven Electron Acceleration in Numerical Simulations of Exoplanet Radio Emission
Authors: Sciola Anthony , Toffoletto Frank , Alexander David , Sorathia Kareem , Merkin Viacheslav , Farrish Alison
Published: June 2021

We present calculations of auroral radio emission for an Earth-like planet produced by field-aligned current (FAC) driven electron acceleration using a coupled global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and inner magnetosphere model, extending the capabilities of previous works which focus solely on the direct transmission of magnetic energy between the stellar wind and ionosphere. Magnetized exoplanets are expected to produce radio emission via interaction between the host star’s stellar wind and planetary magnetosphere-ionosphere system. The empirically derived Radiometric Bode’s Law (RBL) is a linear relation between the magnetic solar wind power and total emitted radio power from magnetized Solar System planets, and is often extrapolated to extreme exoplanet systems. It has been shown that the magnitudes of the FACs coupling the stellar wind to planetary ionospheres are likely to be significantly limited (often referred to as ionospheric saturation), resulting in an estimated radio power up to several orders of magnitude less than that predicted by RBL. In this paper, we demonstrate the significance of intense, sporadic FACs, driven by nightside magnetic reconnection and inner magnetosphere plasma flow, to the total radio power produced by wind–ionosphere interaction in terrestrial planets. During periods of strong stellar wind variability, the contribution from these secondary currents can be over an order of magnitude greater than the primary current systems that previous models describe. The results highlight the role of the variability of the stellar wind on the magnitude and location of the resulting emission, subsequently affecting the conditions for detectability.
Strong Near-infrared Carbon Absorption in the Transitional Type Ia SN 2015bp*
Authors: Wyatt S. D. , Sand D. J. , Hsiao E. Y. , Burns C. R. , Valenti S. , Bostroem K. A. , Lundquist M. , Galbany L. , Lu J. , Ashall C. , Diamond T. R. , Filippenko A. V. , Graham M. L. , Hoeflich P. , Kirshner R. P. , Krisciunas K. , Marion G. H. , Morrell N. , Persson S. E. , Phillips M. M. , Stritzinger M. D. , Suntzeff N. B. , Taddia F.
Published: June 2021

Unburned carbon is potentially a powerful probe of Type Ia supernova (SN) explosion mechanisms. We present comprehensive optical and near-infrared (NIR) data on the “transitional” Type Ia SN 2015bp. An early NIR spectrum (

days with respect to B-band maximum) displays a striking C i 1.0693 μm line at 11.9 × 103 km s−1, distinct from the prominent Mg ii 1.0927 μm feature, which weakens toward maximum light. SN 2015bp also displays a clear C ii 6580 Å notch early (

days) at 13.2 × 103 km s−1, consistent with our NIR carbon detection. At

, SN 2015bp is less luminous than a normal SN Ia and, along with iPTF 13ebh, is the second member of the transitional subclass to display prominent early-time NIR carbon absorption. We find it unlikely that the C i feature is misidentified He i 1.0830 μm because this feature grows weaker toward maximum light, while the helium line produced in some double-detonation models grows stronger at these times. Intrigued by these strong NIR carbon detections, but lacking NIR data for other SNe Ia, we investigated the incidence of optical carbon in the sample of nine transitional SNe Ia with early-time data (t ≲ −4 days). We find that four display C ii 6580 Å, while two others show tentative detections, in line with the SN Ia population as a whole. We conclude that at least ∼50% of transitional SNe Ia in our sample do not come from sub-Chandrasekhar-mass explosions due to the clear presence of carbon in their NIR and optical spectra.
On a Possible Solution to the Tidal Realignment Problem for Hot Jupiters
Authors: Anderson Kassandra R. , Winn Joshua N. , Penev Kaloyan
Published: June 2021

Hot stars with hot Jupiters have a wide range of obliquities, while cool stars with hot Jupiters tend to have low obliquities. An enticing explanation for this pattern is tidal realignment of the cool host stars, although this explanation assumes that obliquity damping occurs faster than orbital decay, an assumption that needs further exploration. Here we revisit this tidal realignment problem, building on previous work identifying a low-frequency component of the time-variable tidal potential that affects the obliquity but not the orbital separation. We adopt a recent empirically based model for the stellar tidal quality factor and its sharp increase with forcing frequency. This leads to enhanced dissipation at low frequencies, and efficient obliquity damping. We model the tidal evolution of 46 observed hot Jupiters orbiting cool stars. A key parameter is the stellar age, which we determine in a homogeneous manner for the sample, taking advantage of Gaia DR2 data. We explore a variety of tidal histories and futures for each system, finding in most cases that the stellar obliquity is successfully damped before the planet is destroyed. A testable prediction of our model is that hot Jupiter hosts with orbital periods shorter than 2–3 days should have obliquities much smaller than 1°. With the possible exception of WASP-19b, the predicted future lifetimes of the planets range from 108 yr to more than 1010 yr. Thus, our model implies that these hot Jupiters are probably not in immediate danger of being devoured by their host stars while they are on the main sequence.
Comparing the Inner and Outer Star-forming Complexes in the Nearby Spiral Galaxies NGC 628, NGC 5457, and NGC 6946 Using UVIT Observations
Authors: Yadav Jyoti , Das Mousumi , Patra Narendra Nath , Dwarakanath K. S. , Rahna P. T. , McGaugh Stacy S. , Schombert James , Murthy Jayant
Published: June 2021

We present a far-UV (FUV) study of the star-forming complexes (SFCs) in three nearby galaxies using the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope. The galaxies are close to face-on and show significant outer disk star formation. Two of them are isolated (NGC 628 and NGC 6946), and one is interacting with distant companions (NGC 5457). We compared the properties of the SFCs inside and outside the optical radius (R
25). We estimated the sizes, star formation rates (SFRs), metallicities, and Toomre Q parameter of the SFCs. We find that the outer disk SFCs are at least 10 times smaller in area than those in the inner disk. The SFRs per unit area (ΣSFR) in both regions have similar mean values, but the outer SFCs have a much smaller range of ΣSFR. They are also metal-poor compared to the inner disk SFCs. The FUV emission is well correlated with the neutral hydrogen gas (H i) distribution and detected within and near several H i holes. Our estimation of the Q parameter in the outer disks of the two isolated galaxies suggests that their outer disks are stable (Q > 1). However, their FUV images indicate that there is ongoing star formation in these regions. This suggests that there may be some nonluminous mass or dark matter in their outer disks, which increases the disk surface density and supports the formation of local gravitational instabilities. In the interacting galaxy, NGC 5457, the baryonic surface density is sufficient (Q < 1) to trigger local disk instabilities in the outer disk.
The Relative Importance of Faraday Rotation and QED Birefringence for the Linear Polarization of X-Rays from Mass-accreting Black Holes
Authors: Krawczynski Henric , Lisalda Lindsey , Gammie Charles F.
Published: June 2021

The upcoming Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE; 2–8 keV) and XL-Calibur (15–75 keV) missions will make it possible to measure the linear polarization of X-rays from mass-accreting stellar mass black holes with unprecedented sensitivity, enabling the accurate measurement of percent-level and in some cases even sub-percent-level polarization fractions. The measurements are expected to constrain the spins, inclinations, and the structure of the accretion flows of the observed black holes. The effects of Faraday rotation and birefringence of the quantum electrodynamics vacuum may impact the observable polarization fractions and angles, complicating the interpretation of the results. We estimate the importance of both effects for X-rays from stellar mass and supermassive black holes and discuss the implications of the results for the upcoming IXPE and XL-Calibur observations.
Using Chandra Localizations and Gaia Distances and Proper Motions to Classify Hard X-Ray Sources Discovered by INTEGRAL
Authors: Tomsick John A. , Coughenour Benjamin M. , Hare Jeremy , Krivonos Roman , Bodaghee Arash , Chaty Sylvain , Clavel Maïca , Fornasini Francesca M. , Rodriguez Jerome , Shaw Aarran W.
Published: June 2021

Here, we report on X-ray observations of ten 17–60 keV sources discovered by the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory satellite. The primary new information is sub-arcsecond positions obtained by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. In six cases (IGR J17040-4305, IGR J18017-3542, IGR J18112-2641, IGR J18434-0508, IGR J19504+3318, and IGR J20084+3221), a unique Chandra counterpart is identified with a high degree of certainty, and for five of these sources (all but J19504), Gaia distances or proper motions indicate that they are Galactic sources. For four of these, the most likely classifications are that the sources are magnetic cataclysmic variables (CVs). J20084 could be either a magnetic CV or a high-mass X-ray binary. We classify the sixth source (J19504) as a likely active galactic nucleus (AGN). In addition, we find likely Chandra counterparts to IGR J18010-3045 and IGR J19577+3339, and the latter is a bright radio source and probable AGN. The other two sources, IGR J12529-6351 and IGR J18013-3222, do not have likely Chandra counterparts, indicating that they are transient, highly variable, or highly absorbed.
The X-Ray Properties of Eta Carinae During Its 2020 X-Ray Minimum
Authors: Kashi Amit , Principe David A. , Soker Noam , Kastner Joel H.
Published: June 2021

The massive binary system Eta Carinae is characterized by intense colliding winds that form shocks and emit X-rays. The system is highly eccentric (e ≃ 0.9), resulting in modulated X-ray emission during its 5.54 yr orbit. The X-ray flux increases in the months prior to periastron passage, exhibiting strong flares, then rapidly declines to a flat minimum lasting a few weeks, followed by a gradual recovery. We present the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer telescope spectra obtained before, during, and after the 2020 X-ray minimum, and perform spectral analysis to establish the temporal behavior of the X-ray flux and X-ray-absorbing column density (N
H(t)) for the 2–10 keV and 5–10 keV energy ranges. The latter range is dominated by the stellar wind-collision region and, therefore, these spectral parameters—in particular, N
H(t)—serve as potentially stringent constraints on the binary orientation. We compare the observed N
H(t) results to the behavior predicted by a simple geometrical model in an attempt to ascertain which star is closer to us at periastron: the more massive primary (ω ≃ 240°–270°) or the secondary (ω ≃ 90°). We find that the variations in column density, both far from periastron and around periastron passage, support the latter configuration (ω ≃ 90°). The 2020 X-ray minimum showed the fastest recovery among the last five minima, providing additional evidence for a recent weakening of the primary star’s wind.
Multiphase AGN Winds from X-Ray-irradiated Disk Atmospheres
Authors: Waters Tim , Proga Daniel , Dannen Randall
Published: June 2021

The mechanism of thermal driving for launching mass outflows is interconnected with classical thermal instability (TI). In a recent paper, we demonstrated that as a result of this interconnectedness, radial wind solutions of X-ray-heated flows are prone to becoming clumpy. In this paper, we first show that the Bernoulli function determines whether or not the entropy mode can grow due to TI in dynamical flows. Based on this finding, we identify a critical “unbound” radius beyond which TI should accompany thermal driving. Our numerical disk wind simulations support this result and reveal that clumpiness is a consequence of buoyancy disrupting the stratified structure of steady-state solutions. Namely, instead of a smooth transition layer separating the highly ionized disk wind from the cold phase atmosphere below, hot bubbles formed from TI rise up and fragment the atmosphere. These bubbles first appear within large-scale vortices that form below the transition layer, and they result in the episodic production of distinctive cold phase structures referred to as irradiated atmospheric fragments (IAFs). Upon interacting with the wind, IAFs advect outward and develop extended crests. The subsequent disintegration of the IAFs takes place within a turbulent wake that reaches high elevations above the disk. We show that this dynamics has the following observational implications: dips in the absorption measure distribution are no longer expected within TI zones, and there can be a less sudden desaturation of X-ray absorption lines such as O viii Lyα as well as multiple absorption troughs in Fe xxv Kα.
Likelihood-free Cosmological Constraints with Artificial Neural Networks: An Application on Hubble Parameters and SNe Ia
Authors: Wang Yu-Chen , Xie Yuan-Bo , Zhang Tong-Jie , Huang Hui-Chao , Zhang Tingting , Liu Kun
Published: June 2021

The errors of cosmological data generated from complex processes, such as the observational Hubble parameter data (OHD) and the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) data, cannot be accurately modeled by simple analytical probability distributions, e.g., a Gaussian distribution. To constrain cosmological parameters from these data, likelihood-free inference is usually used to bypass the direct calculation of the likelihood. In this paper, we propose a new procedure to perform likelihood-free cosmological inference using two artificial neural networks (ANNs), the masked autoregressive flow (MAF) and the denoising autoencoder (DAE). Our procedure is the first to use DAE to extract features from data, in order to simplify the structure of MAF needed to estimate the posterior. Tested on simulated Hubble parameter data with a simple Gaussian likelihood, the procedure shows the capability of extracting features from data and estimating posterior distributions without the need of tractable likelihood. We demonstrate that it can accurately approximate the real posterior, achieve performance comparable to the traditional Markov chain Monte Carlo method, and MAF obtains better training results for a small number of simulation when the DAE is added. We also discuss the application of the proposed procedure to OHD and Pantheon SN Ia data, and use them to constrain cosmological parameters from the non-flat ΛCDM model. For SNe Ia, we use fitted light-curve parameters to find constraints on H
0, Ω
m
, and ΩΛ similar to relevant work, using less empirical distributions. In addition, this work is also the first to use a Gaussian process in the procedure of OHD simulation.
The Abundance of Lead in Four Metal-poor Stars
Authors: Peterson Ruth C.
Published: June 2021

Cowan et al. review how roughly half the elements heavier than iron found in the Sun are produced by rapid neutron capture and half by slow neutron capture, the r- and s-processes. In the Sun, their relative contribution to individual elemental abundances is well understood, except for the lightest and heaviest elements beyond iron. Their contributions are especially uncertain for the heaviest nonradioactive element, lead (Pb, Z = 82). This is constrained by deriving lead abundances in metal-poor stars. For in the most metal-poor halo stars, strontium and heavier elements are found in the solar r-process proportion; s-process elements appear only at metallicities above one-thirtieth solar. In unevolved metal-poor stars of roughly solar heavy-element content, only two UV Pb lines are detectable. Four such stars have high-resolution spectra of the strongest line, Pb ii at 2203.53 Å. Roederer et al. analyzed this line in one star, deriving a lead-to-iron abundance ratio 10 times solar. This and its blueshifted profile suggested strong s-process production. This work analyzes the UV spectra of all four stars. Calculations including a predicted Fe i line blueward of the Pb ii line, and assuming the lead abundance scales with r-process abundances, match all four profiles extremely well. A scaled s-process contribution might improve the match to the much lower lead abundance found in the unevolved star analyzed previously, but its s-process excess is modest. An Fe ii line blends the other lead line, Pb i at 2833.05 Å, which constrains the lead abundance only in the coolest star.