bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vozes do nosso tempo: um texto, um caminho: J. Munguambe & H. Joshua
Authors: Bahule Dionísio Geraldo
Published: September 2021

Qu'Est-ce qu'un Auteur?, é uma proposta interrogativa formulada por Foucault logo depois de Barthes declarar em 68 La Mort de l'Auteur como negação forçada à intenção semiótica do verbo acabado isto é, descorolar o modo simbólico de percepcionar a arte por meio de novas propostas poéticas que, não só questionam o edifício estético já estabelecido como também, propõem por meio de uma assinalada dose de negação e integração do léxico marginalizado. Diferentemente de um fazer artístico preso na nostalgia de um lugar-comum; da busca por meio de rompimento com uma literatura de carácter panfletário-partidário dado pela Charrua dos anos 80 como signo de um fazer com rotulagem tipicamente moçambicana – a geração que configura a estética Pós-2000 – a que também a chamo por geração da náusea – rompe com esta linha de um fazer subjacente à carruagem de reparação colonial para significar o acto de ser por meio de uma estética de contrariedades coroado pela insatisfação do um país.
Entrevista com Renaud Barbaras. Uma cosmologia fenomenológica.
Authors: Furlan Reinaldo
Published: September 2021

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Entrevista sobre Filosofia Africana com o professor Dr. Dimas A. Masolo
Authors: Nascimento Sergio Luis , Scarso David
Published: September 2021

Tivemos o privilégio de conhecer o Prof. Dismas A. Masolo durante as atividades da segunda edição do Anthropocene em 2018. A partir de uma conversa informal surgiu a ideia de uma entrevista, que se realizou por via telefônica no ano seguinte e que é agora publicada em tradução portuguesa. O Prof. Masolo, que nasceu e passou parte da sua vida no Quênia sob dominação colonial britânica, obteve doutorado em Filosofia pela Università Gregoriana (Itália) e lecionou em várias universidades na África e nos Estados Unidos da América. Hoje é professor de filosofia na University of Louisville (EUA) e uma das principais referências internacionais na área da Filosofia Africana. Entre as suas publicações vale a pena mencionar Self and community in a Changing World (2010) e African Philosophy in Search of Identity (com I. Karp, 2000). A entrevista é a abordagem tanto de um ponto de vista da afrocentricidade e ancestraliade epistemilógico, quanto da perspectiva para o ensino dispórico. As perguntas foram provocadas pelo grupo de estudos relações étnicorraciais.
Direitos humanos e saúde: reflexões e possibilidades de intervenção
Authors: Oliveira Maria Helena Barros de , Teles Nair , Casara Rubens Roberto Rebello
Published: September 2021

Este livro inscreve-se no contexto em que se busca, no campo teórico e prático, pensar a saúde como um direito fundamental da pessoa humana, tendo na dignidade e na justiça socialsua base de concretização. Tem-se, ainda, como objetivo estimular e colaborar para fortalecer uma cultura de respeito aos direitos humanos e organizar ideias e ações que construam competênciasrelacionadas aos processos de realização do direito à saúde. A proposta não é rever toda a produção teórica que envolve a relação entre saúde e direitos humanos, mas tão somente apontaralgumas linhas sobre a emergência, a evolução e a necessidade da compreensão do binômio saúde e direitos humanos, em especial da dimensão da saúde como um direito resultante deuma conquista civilizatória a ponto de integrar a dimensão normativa do comum, portanto, um direito e um valor da esfera do inegociável. Pretende-se, assim, contribuir para a tomada deconsciência, a discussão teórico-prática e a modificação de posturas na busca da ampliação da dignidade de cada pessoa concreta a partir do significante saúde.
Correction of More Hallux Valgus Pathologic Disorders with a Single Distal Osteotomy: A New Surgical Technique
Authors: Çetin Mehmet Ümit , Parmaksızoğlu Atilla Sancar , Fidan Fırat , Kılıç Mehmet , Aybar Ahmet , Dinçel Yaşar Mahsut
Published: September 2021

Background

Hallux valgus, one of the most common deformities of the great toe, may cause pain, dysfunction, and impaired gait pattern. In this retrospective study we report the results of a new type of distal metatarsal osteotomy combined with distal soft-tissue release in patients with mild-to-moderate hallux valgus deformity.

Methods

This new technique was used in the management of 32 feet of 31 patients (eight men and 23 women) with mild-to-moderate hallux valgus. Hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal angle, and distal metatarsal articular angle were measured on preoperative, early postoperative (6–8 weeks), and late (1 year) postoperative radiographs. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society hallux metatarsophalangeal score was calculated. Sesamoid position, by considering medial sesamoid position, and metatarsal shortness were also measured.

Results

Statistically significant differences were detected between the preoperative and late postoperative measurements of the hallux valgus angle, distal metatarsal articular angle, intermetatarsal angle, and sesamoid position parameters in patients operated on with this technique. Improvement was 14° for the hallux valgus angle, 4° for the distal metatarsal articular angle, and 4° for the intermetatarsal angle. Sesamoid position was also improved, and the mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score was significantly improved. Metatarsal shortness greater than 2 mm was observed in two patients without resulting in any clinical discomfort.

Conclusions

This new technique was easy, safe, and promising in patients diagnosed as having mild-to-moderate hallux valgus deformity.
Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus May Cause the Vacuum Phenomenon in the Ankle Joint
Authors: Uygur Esat , Türkmen İsmail , Ayaz Tunahan , Duman Emrah
Published: September 2021

The few reports available on the vacuum phenomenon in the ankle joint refer to osteoarthritic and traumatic lesions. We present the first case concomitant with an osteochondral lesion of the talus. This case report presents computed tomographic images of the ankle. We speculate that the osteochondral lesion of the talus was the most likely cause of the vacuum phenomenon.
Can Tho Transfer Technique: Extensor Hallucis Longus to Tibialis Anterior Tenodesis for Footdrop
Authors: Palmanovich Ezequiel , Ip Wing , Huynh Em , Spanko Jeffrey , Nyska Meir , Lehnert Bruce
Published: September 2021

Background

Footdrop, or the inability to actively dorsiflex the foot, may result from numerous pathologic conditions, including poliomyelitis and cerebral palsy. Although the gait of patients with footdrop can be improved by performing an extensor hallucis longus (EHL) to tibialis anterior (TA) tendon transfer, the success rate of this procedure is relatively low.

Methods

Seven paralytic patients with footdrop were surgically treated using a new buttonhole-type technique that involves passing a loop of the EHL through a TA split using umbilical tape and suturing at the four corners of the EHL attaching to the TA while the foot is dorsiflexed.

Results

Eight years after surgery, all three patients who were available for follow-up displayed active dorsiflexion, improved mobility, and a palpable TA-EHL tenodesis, with no cockup deformity.

Conclusions

This new approach, which we term Can Tho transfer, improves the mechanical strength of TA-EHL tenodesis.
Delayed Peroneal Neuropathy After Bosworth Fracture Dislocation of the Ankle
Authors: Choi Sung Hoon , Hur Jeong Min , Hwang Kyu-Tae
Published: September 2021

The Bosworth ankle fracture-dislocation is a rare injury and is often irreducible because of an entrapped proximal fragment of the fibula behind the posterior tibial tubercle. Repeated closed reduction or delayed open reduction may result in several complications. Thus, early open reduction and internal fixation enable a better outcome by minimizing soft-tissue damage. We report on a 27-year-old man who underwent open reduction and internal fixation after multiple attempts at failed closed reduction, complicated by severe soft-tissue swelling, rhabdomyolysis, and delayed peroneal nerve palsy around the ankle.
A Zigzag Flap for Correcting a Nail Deformity Caused by Subungual Schwannoma
Authors: Lee AnLi , Tzen Chi-Yuan , Yu Chia-Meng , Tsai Ming-Feng
Published: September 2021

Subungual schwannoma is quite rare and often causes nail deformity and difficulty in wearing shoes. Complete tumor excision is the treatment of choice, and we advocate that restoring the nail appearance should be considered at the same time. We present the case of 43-year-old man with a big toe subungual schwannoma. We designed a zigzag incision method to excise the tumor and also corrected nail-bed deformity. The patient had a smooth recovery, and the nail plate regrew with a good appearance.
Isolated Medial Cuneiform Fractures: A Systematic Search and Qualitative Analysis of Case Studies
Authors: Mabry Lance M. , Patti Taylor N. , Ross Michael D. , Bleakley Chris M. , Gisselman Angela S.
Published: September 2021

Background

Isolated medial cuneiform fracture is a rare but diagnostically challenging condition. Diagnostic delay in these cases may lead to delays in ideal treatment approaches and prolonged symptoms. An understanding of clinical presentation is needed to expedite diagnosis, facilitate decision making, and guide treatment approach.

Methods

Case studies/series were searched in four databases until September 2019. Included studies had participants with a history of traumatic closed medial cuneiform fracture. Studies were excluded if the medial cuneiform fractures were open fractures, associated with multitrauma, or associated with dislocation/Lisfranc injury. Three blinded reviewers assessed the methodological quality of the studies, and a qualitative synthesis was performed.

Results

Ten studies comprising 15 patients were identified. Mean ± SD patient age was 38.0 ± 12.8 years, with 86.7% of reported participants being men. The overall methodological quality was moderate to high, and reporting of the patient selection criteria was poor overall. The most commonly reported clinical symptoms were localized tenderness (60.0%) and edema (53.3%). Direct blow was the most common inciting trauma (46.2%), followed by axial load (30.8%) and avulsion injuries (23.1%). Baseline radiographs were occult in 72.7% of patients; magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography were the most common diagnostic modalities. Mean ± SD diagnostic delay was 64.7 ± 89.6 days. Conservative management was pursued in 54.5% of patients, with reported resolution of symptoms in 3 to 6 months. Surgical intervention occurred in 45.5% of patients and resulted in functional restoration in 3 to 6 months in all but one patient.

Conclusions

Initial radiographs for isolated medial cuneiform fractures are frequently occult. Due to expedience and relatively low cost, radiographs are still a viable first-line imaging modality. If clinical concern remains, magnetic resonance imaging may be pursued to minimize diagnostic delay. Conservative management is a viable treatment method, with expected return to full function in 3 to 6 months.
Comparison of Arthroscopic Treatment Methods in Talar Osteochondral Lesions: A Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Doğar Fatih , Uzun Erdal , Gürbüz Kaan , Topak Duran , Akar Mustafa , Bilal Ökkeş , Güney Ahmet
Published: September 2021

Background

The aim of the present study was to contribute new and updated information to the literature by comparing the clinical and radiologic results of arthroscopic microfracture, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) after arthroscopic microfracture, and BST-Cargel scaffold application after arthroscopic microfracture in the treatment of talar osteochondral lesions.

Methods

Sixty-two talar osteochondral lesion patients (31 women and 31 men) who underwent ankle arthroscopy in two different centers were randomized into three groups. The first group consisted of patients who underwent only arthroscopic microfracture (MF) (n = 22); the second group consisted of patients who underwent the PRP procedure after arthroscopic MF (PRP; n = 19); and the third group consisted of patients who underwent the BST-Cargel procedure after arthroscopic MF was (BST-Cargel; n = 21). The talar osteochondral lesions in the three groups were classified according to magnetic resonance and arthroscopic images. American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society, Foot and Ankle Ability Measurement (overall pain, 15-minute walking, running function), and visual analog scale scores were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively, and postoperative return time to sports activities was performed.

Results

Compared to the preoperative score, postoperative American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society score increased 48.80 ± 9.60 in the BST-Cargel group, whereas there was an increase of 46.68 ± 3.65 in the PRP group and 29.63 ± 3.69 in the MF group, which were statistically significant (P < .05).There was a statistically significant postoperative change in the visual analog scale scores of the patients in all three groups compared to the preoperative scores (P < .05). At the end of the follow-up, the Foot and Ankle Ability Measurement overall pain, 15-minute walking, and running function results of all three groups increased significantly postoperatively compared to the preoperative values (P < .005).

Conclusions

BST-Cargel application with microfracture is a method that can be applied easily and safely with arthroscopy to lesions larger than 1.5 cm2 regardless of the size of the cartilage defect, and it has been found to be superior to the other two methods in terms of pain, functional score, radiologic recovery, and return to sports activities.
Tourism Education and Regional Integration: Is the European Union (EU) Model Applicable for ASEAN?
Authors: Mustajarvi Jussi , Bouchon Frederic
Published: September 2021

In the current age of globalization, regional alliances have become the norm, strengthening economic, political and social ties. These alliances are also shaping new regional integration and cooperation among member nations. Integration consists of harmonization and standardization of different systems into one. In higher education, this integration has been spearheaded by the European Union (EU) and by the Bologna agreement in 1999. In Southeast Asia, cooperation started in 1967 with the foundation of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) which consists of 10 different countries and draws together nations with different levels of development, where integration has become a priority. The roadmap for the ASEAN blueprint set a target for 2015. In ASEAN, the need for education has risen and this awareness can now be found in all the countries. Research on this process, however, has remained limited. This research paper aims to study the regional integration process in the field of higher education in ASEAN and its implications. This paper studies the history of ASEAN development in comparison with the EU education integration. It aims to draw a clear picture of the current stage of integration in education. It also aims to expand the knowledge on ASEAN and its impact on member countries’ higher education. This research uses a qualitative approach, relying on official documents and secondary data gathered from various sources. The methodology used in this paper is comparative case studies from the EU and ASEAN. Findings show that the EU and ASEAN integration processes share many common denominations but also differ due to cultural and governance differences. The ASEAN education integration process is still in its beginning stages with limited achievements, mostly in the field of higher education in tourism, a pioneer in integration.
Financial Performance, a Driver for Information Voluntary Disclosure: Insight from Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria
Authors: Chibuzo Okeke, Obiajulu , Wisdom Okere, , Ifeanyi Ofurum, Christmas , Chiamaka Oketa Eunice
Published: September 2021

The prevailing issues surrounding voluntary disclosure is corporate failure, fraud perpetration, information asymmetry and inability to attract much investment. Companies with high financial performance tend to disclosure more information in their annual report by way of showcasing their superiority over less performing companies. In the light of the above, the study sought to ascertain the effect of financial performance on voluntary disclosure of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria as at 1st January, 2019. Expo facto research design was adopted and secondary data were extracted from the annual report of nineteen (19) manufacturing companies for a period of ten years (2008-2019). The analysis of the study was done using STATA software to run the descriptive and inferential statistics (multivariate regression analysis). The result depicted an insignificant effect between financial performance and market competition information voluntary disclosure (MCIVD), and also a significant effect between financial performance and human capital information voluntary disclosure (HCIVD). Return on asset showed a negative but significant effect, liquidity a negative but insignificant effect, and market capitalization a positive but insignificant effect on MCIVD. Whereas Return on asset showed a negative but significant effect, liquidity and market capitalization a positive but insignificant effect on HCIVD. The study recommends that management should boost their market capitalization to have more market competition information voluntary disclosure. Also, management should strive towards improving the LQ and MCAP of manufacturing companies in Nigeria. This in turn will help to meet up the need of employees in having more voluntary human capital information disclosure.
Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Hemorrhoids Treated by Finger Guided Hemorrhoidal Artery Ligation with Laser Hemorrhoidoplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gupta Kamal , Agarwal Niranjan , Mital Kushal
Published: September 2021

Background: Hemorrhoids are the most common anorectal disease. In Finger guided Hemorrhoidal Artery Ligation (FGHAL), the branches of Superior Hemorrhoidal Artery (SHA) are ligated after palpating the arteries with finger 2-3 cm above dentate line instead of using a doppler as in Doppler-guided Hemorrhoidal Artery Ligation (DGHAL). The procedure is followed by Laser Hemorrhoidoplasty (LHP), a minimally invasive technique.

Methods: We conducted the study to retrospectively analyze the clinical outcomes of FGHAL with LHP for surgical management in a patient cohort with hemorrhoids in routine clinical practice. We retrospectively collected and analyzed the data from hospital records of patients treated with FGHAL with LHP for their hemorrhoid disease (HD) from March 2017– March 2020 to understand the impact on pain, bleeding, and resolution of symptoms.

Results: The study included a total of 346 patients within 27 to 75 years of age. The presenting features were bleeding (93%), pain (89%), and prolapsed hemorrhoids (69%). Most patients had grade II hemorrhoids (60.7%). Patients reported no spontaneous bleeding after surgery; 225 patients (65%) experienced post-defecatory bleeding the day one after surgery and 98 patients (28.3%) on postoperative day 3. Patients did not report any bleeding after the 7th postoperative day. 90.2% had completely resolved symptoms 6-months after surgery. The average VAS score at 6h,12h,24h,48h and 72h after surgery were 3,2.2,1.3,0.4 and 0.1 respectively.

Conclusion: FGHAL is a cost-effective alternative to DGHAL. FGHAL, followed by the LHP technique, provides a very low pain and discomfort with minimal need for analgesics and wound care, electing it among the procedures suitable for HD. The method is a cost-effective alternative to DGHAL.
Dismantlable Adhesion Interface Featuring a Thermo/Photocleavable Molecular Layer
Authors: Aizawa Miho , Akiyama Haruhisa , Matsuzawa Yoko
Published: September 2021

Dismantlable adhesion systems are becoming increasingly important in industrial applications, as they facilitate the recycling of a range of materials. Many dismantlable adhesives have been developed in response to this demand; however, their dismantling mechanisms are limited to those that utilize changes in bulk state. Herein, a novel dismantling adhesion system that enables the adhesion strength to be reduced based on covalent bond change is proposed. This is achieved by using a thermo‐ and photocleavable molecular layer comprising an anthracene photodimer. The molecular layer applied at the adhesion interface exhibits an adhesion strength twice that of the uncoated substrate, based on the formation of covalent bonds between the substrates and adhesives. Heating the adhered specimen for 1 min successfully reduces the peel strength by 60% and induces dismantling at the molecular layer. Furthermore, it is possible to dismantle adhesive joint through a low‐energy photocleavage process with light irradiation. This process requires under 10% of the energy of other light‐triggered dismantlable adhesives. The proposed system provides new insights for the development of dismantlable adhesion technology, leveraging the adhesion mechanism at the interface.
Electrohydrodynamic‐Printed Polyvinyl Alcohol‐Based Gate Insulators for Organic Integrated Devices
Authors: Jung Cheolmin , Tang Xiaowu , Kwon Hyeok-jin , Wang Rixuan , Oh Sun Moo , Ye Heqing , Jeong Yu Rim , Jeong Yong Jin , Kim Se Hyun
Published: September 2021

Organic printable dielectric layers are required for next‐generation electronic circuits, particularly those used as gate insulators (GIs) in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). Herein, optimized electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing with an electrostatic force‐assisted mode is suggested for the fabrication of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐based dielectric patterns after careful consideration of the ink system. The PVA molecules maintain good solubility in polar solvents, even when a crosslinking agent is added, which enables a continuous PVA jet stream with a width smaller than the diameter of the nozzle to be stably obtained. Subsequent EHD printing produces uniform PVA patterns with a smooth surface morphology suitable for the crystal growth of overlying organic semiconductors. The addition of a crosslinking agent in PVA results in direct GI patterns that exhibit superior insulating properties with high dielectric strength as compared with PVA without crosslinking agents. The OFETs with PVA‐based GIs prepared with EHD printing show stable operation with low gate leakage currents. In addition, the feasibility of EHD‐printed PVA layers is demonstrated for application as GIs in organic complementary logic gates.
The Role of Electronic Junctions in Artificial Interface Engineering: The Case for Indium Tin Oxide on LiMn2O4 Electrodes
Authors: De Taeye Louis L. , Teirlynck Ian , Vereecken Philippe M.
Published: September 2021

Electrode coatings have become an indispensable tool for the commercialization of high voltage cathodes. So far, electronically insulating and ionically conducting surface coatings are typically used to improve the electrochemical stability of battery cells. In this paper, it is shown that not only insulating materials but also highly electronically conductive coatings such as indium tin oxide (ITO) can effectively inhibit electrolyte decomposition through the formation of electronic junctions while preserving ionic and electronic conduction. The exact electrolyte decomposition kinetics are determined through direct measurements utilizing a LiMn2O4 (LMO) thin‐film model system and explained by a theoretical exposition on the electronic band structures of the active material, coating material, and redox species in the electrolyte. Junction formation is worked out specifically for ITO coated LMO thin‐film electrodes but can be generalized to any material and morphology. Aside from the beneficial effect of well‐engineered electronic junctions on electrochemical stability, highly conductive coatings can be exploited to improve the contact between the active material and the current collector through the creation of a shunt conductor, as demonstrated in the final section of the article.
Flexible, Mechanically Stable, Porous Self‐Standing Microfiber Network Membranes of Covalent Organic Frameworks: Preparation Method and Characterization
Authors: Ding Chenhui , Breunig Marion , Timm Jana , Marschall Roland , Senker Jürgen , Agarwal Seema
Published: September 2021

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) show advantageous characteristics, such as an ordered pore structure and a large surface area for gas storage and separation, energy storage, catalysis, and molecular separation. However, COFs usually exist as difficult‐to‐process powders, and preparing continuous, robust, flexible, foldable, and rollable COF membranes is still a challenge. Herein, such COF membranes with fiber morphology for the first time prepared via a newly introduced template‐assisted framework process are reported. This method uses electrospun porous polymer membranes as a sacrificial large dimension template for making self‐standing COF membranes. The porous COF fiber membranes, besides having high crystallinity, also show a large surface area (1153 m2 g−1), good mechanical stability, excellent thermal stability, and flexibility. This study opens up the possibility of preparation of large dimension COF membranes and their derivatives in a simple way and hence shows promise in technical applications in separation, catalysis, and energy in the future.
Anchoring Sites Engineering in Single‐Atom Catalysts for Highly Efficient Electrochemical Energy Conversion Reactions
Authors: Zhao Yufei , Jiang Wen‐Jie , Zhang Jinqiang , Lovell Emma C. , Amal Rose , Han Zhaojun , Lu Xunyu
Published: September 2021

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have been at the frontier of research field in catalysis owing to the maximized atomic utilization, unique structures and properties. The atomically dispersed and catalytically active metal atoms are necessarily anchored by surrounding atoms. As such, the structure and composition of anchoring sites significantly influence the catalytic performance of SACs even with the same metal element. Significant progress has been made to understand structure–activity relationships at an atomic level, but in‐depth understanding in precisely designing highly efficient SACs for the targeted reactions is still required. In this review, various anchoring sites in SACs are summarized and classified into five different types (doped heteroatoms, defect sites, surface atoms, metal sites, and cavity sites). Then, their impacts on catalytic performance are elucidated for electrochemical reactions based on their distance from the metal center (first coordination shell and beyond). Further, SACs anchored on two typical types of hosts, carbon‐ and metal‐based materials, are highlighted, and the effects of anchoring points on achieving the desirable atomic structure, catalytic performance, and reaction pathways are elaborated. At last, insights and outlook to the SAC field based on current achievements and challenges are presented.
Charge Density Wave Orders and Enhanced Superconductivity under Pressure in the Kagome Metal CsV3Sb5
Authors: Wang Qi , Kong Pengfei , Shi Wujun , Pei Cuiying , Wen Chenhaoping , Gao Lingling , Zhao Yi , Yin Qiangwei , Wu Yueshen , Li Gang , Lei Hechang , Li Jun , Chen Yulin , Yan Shichao , Qi Yanpeng
Published: September 2021

Superconductivity in topological kagome metals has recently received great research interests. Here, charge density wave (CDW) orders and the evolution of superconductivity under various pressures in CsV3Sb5 single crystal with V kagome lattice are investigated. By using high‐resolution scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS), two CDW orders in CsV3Sb5 are observed which correspond to 4a × 1a and 2a × 2a superlattices. By applying pressure, the superconducting transition temperature Tc is significantly enhanced and reaches a maximum value of 8.2 K at around 1 GPa. Accordingly, CDW state is gradually declined as increasing the pressure, which indicates the competing interplay between CDW and superconducting state in this material. The broad superconducting transitions around 0.4–0.8 GPa can be related to the strong competition relation among two CDW states and superconductivity. These results demonstrate that CsV3Sb5 is a new platform for exploring the interplay between superconductivity and CDW in topological kagome metals.
The Role of Additives in Suppressing the Degradation of Liquid‐Exfoliated WS2 Monolayers
Authors: Karger Leonhard , Synnatschke Kevin , Settele Simon , Hofstetter Yvonne J. , Nowack Tim , Zaumseil Jana , Vaynzof Yana , Backes Claudia
Published: September 2021

Group VI transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are considered to be chemically widely inert, but recent reports point toward an oxidation of monolayered sheets in ambient conditions, due to defects. To date, the degradation of monolayered TMDs is only studied on individual, substrate‐supported nanosheets with varying defect type and concentration, strain, and in an inhomogeneous environment. Here, degradation kinetics of WS2 nanosheet ensembles in the liquid phase are investigated through photoluminescence measurements, which selectively probe the monolayers. Monolayer‐enriched WS2 dispersions are produced with varying lateral sizes in the two common surfactant stabilizers sodium cholate (SC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Well‐defined degradation kinetics are observed, which enable the determination of activation energies of the degradation and decouple photoinduced and thermal degradation. The thermal degradation is slower than the photoinduced degradation and requires higher activation energy. Using SC as surfactant, it is sufficiently suppressed. The photoinduced degradation can be widely prevented through chemical passivation achieved through the addition of cysteine which, on the one hand, coordinates to defects on the nanosheets and, on the other hand, stabilizes oxides on the surface, which shield the nanosheets from further degradation.
Quantifying Contact‐Electrification Induced Charge Transfer on a Liquid Droplet after Contacting with a Liquid or Solid
Authors: Tang Zhen , Lin Shiquan , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: September 2021

Contact electrification (CE) is a common physical phenomenon, and its mechanisms for solid–solid and liquid–solid cases have been widely discussed. However, the studies about liquid–liquid CE are hindered by the lack of proper techniques. Here, a contactless method is proposed for quantifying the charges on a liquid droplet based on the combination of electric field and acoustic field. The liquid droplet is suspended in an acoustic field, and an electric field force is created on the droplet to balance the acoustic trap force. The amount of charges on the droplet is thus calculated based on the equilibrium of forces. Further, the liquid–solid and liquid–liquid CE are both studied by using the method, and the latter is focused. The behavior of negatively precharged liquid droplet in the liquid–liquid CE is found to be different from that of the positively precharged one. The results show that the silicone oil droplet prefers to receive negative charges from a negatively charged aqueous droplet rather than positive charges from a positively charged aqueous droplet, which provides a strong evidence about the dominant role played by electron transfer in the liquid–liquid CE.
Ultrahigh Energy Storage Performance of Layered Polymer Nanocomposites over a Broad Temperature Range
Authors: Wang Peng , Yao Lingmin , Pan Zhongbin , Shi Songhan , Yu Jinhong , Zhou Yao , Liu Yang , Liu Jinjun , Chi Qingguo , Zhai Jiwei , Wang Qing
Published: September 2021

To reach the full potential of polymer dielectrics in advanced electronics and electrified transportation, it calls for efficient operation of high‐energy‐density dielectric polymers under high voltages over a wide temperature range. Here, the polymer composites consisting of the boron nitride nanosheet/polyetherimide and TiO2 nanorod arrays/polyetherimide layers are reported. The layered composite exhibits a much higher dielectric constant than the current high‐temperature dielectric polymers and composites, while simultaneously retaining low dielectric loss at elevated temperatures and high applied fields. Consequently, the layered polymer composite presents much improved capacitive performance than the current dielectric polymers and composites over a temperature range of 25–150 °C. Moreover, the excellent capacitive performance of the layered composite is achieved at an applied field that is about 40% lower than the typical field strength of the current polymer composites with the discharged energy densities of >3 J cm−3 at 150 °C. Remarkable cyclability and dielectric stability are established in the layered polymer nanocomposites. This work addresses the current challenge in the enhancement of the energy densities of high‐temperature dielectric polymers and demonstrates an efficient route to dielectric polymeric materials with high energy densities and low loss over a broad temperature range.
Substantial P‐Type Conductivity of AlN Achieved via Beryllium Doping
Authors: Ahmad Habib , Lindemuth Jeff , Engel Zachary , Matthews Christopher M. , McCrone Timothy M. , Doolittle William Alan
Published: September 2021

Beryllium has long been predicted by first principle theory as the best p‐type dopant for GaN and AlN. But experimental validation of these theories has not, until now, borne out the original predictions. A key challenge is the dopant‐induced strain leading to Be rejection from substitutional sites in favor of interstitial sites, leading to self‐compensation. More flexible growth methods like metal modulated epitaxy (MME) that can operate at substantially lower temperatures than traditional approaches, can more effectively place Be into the proper substitutional lattice sites. MME grown Be‐doped AlN shows substantial p‐type conductivity with hole concentrations in the range of 2.3 × 1015–3.1 × 1018 cm−3 at room temperature. While others have achieved sizable carrier concentrations near surfaces via carbon doping or Si implantation, this is the only known demonstration of substantial bulk p‐type doping in AlN and is a nearly 1000 times higher carrier concentration than the best previously demonstrated bulk electron concentrations in AlN. The acceptor activation energy is found to be ≈37 meV, ≈8 times lower than predicted in literature but on par with similar results for MME p‐type GaN. Preliminary results suggest that the films are highly compensated. A p‐AlN:Be/i‐GaN:Be/n‐GaN:Ge pin diode is demonstrated with substantial rectification.
Unconstrained 3D Shape Programming with Light‐Induced Stress Gradient
Authors: Liu Cheng , Tan Yizheng , He Chaowei , Ji Shaobo , Xu Huaping
Published: September 2021

Programming 2D sheets to form 3D shapes is significant for flexible electronics, soft robots, and biomedical devices. Stress regulation is one of the most used methods, during which external force is usually needed to keep the stress, leading to complex processing setups. Here, by introducing dynamic diselenide bonds into shape‐memory materials, unconstrained shape programming with light is achieved. The material could hold and release internal stress by themselves through the shape‐memory effect, simplifying programming setups. The fixed stress could be relaxed by light to form stress gradients, leading to out‐of‐plane deformations through asymmetric contractions. Benefiting from the variability of light irradiation, complex 3D configurations can be obtained conveniently from 2D polymer sheets. Besides, remotely controlled “4D assembly” and actuation, including object transportation and self‐lifting, can be achieved by sequential deformation. Taking advantage of the high spatial resolution of light, this material can also produce 3D microscopic patterns. The light‐induced stress gradients significantly simplify 3D shape programming procedures with improved resolution and complexity and have great potential in soft robots, smart actuators, and anti‐counterfeiting techniques.
Efficient and Anisotropic Second Harmonic Generation in Few‐Layer SnS Film
Authors: Zhu Menglong , Zhong Mianzeng , Guo Xiao , Wang Yongsong , Chen Zhihui , Huang Han , He Jun , Su Chenliang , Loh Kian Ping
Published: September 2021

Group‐IV monochalcogenide ferroelectric materials possess fascinating nonlinear optical properties and electro‐optical effects which play a vital role in 2D ferroelectrics, multiferroics and nonlinear optoelectronics. However, the studies of nonlinear optical properties of group‐IV monochalcogenides are still in their infancy stage. Herein, the preparation of few‐layer SnS by the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) method is reported and the efficient second harmonic generation (SHG) of SnS monochalcogenide is systematically scrutinized by using ultrafast nonlinear optical spectroscopy. The obtained thickness‐dependent SHG is highly related with the coherence length. Second‐order nonlinear susceptibility of few‐layer SnS is also obtained. Polarization‐dependent SHG studies reveal its intrinsic anisotropy pattern and can be utilized to identify the crystalline orientation of few‐layer SnS film.
Exploring the Regulatory Function of the N‐terminal Domain of SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Protein through Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Li Yao , Wang Tong , Zhang Juanrong , Shao Bin , Gong Haipeng , Wang Yusong , He Xinheng , Liu Siyuan , Liu Tie‐Yan
Published: September 2021

SARS‐CoV‐2 is what has caused the COVID‐19 pandemic. Early viral infection is mediated by the SARS‐CoV‐2 homo‐trimeric Spike (S) protein with its receptor binding domains (RBDs) in the receptor‐accessible state. Molecular dynamics simulation on the S protein with a focus on the function of its N‐terminal domains (NTDs) is performed. The study reveals that the NTD acts as a “wedge” and plays a crucial regulatory role in the conformational changes of the S protein. The complete RBD structural transition is allowed only when the neighboring NTD that typically prohibits the RBD's movements as a wedge detaches and swings away. Based on this NTD “wedge” model, it is proposed that the NTD–RBD interface should be a potential drug target.
Performance Limits and Potential of Multilayer Graphene–Tungsten Diselenide Heterostructures
Authors: Yang Shih‐Hsien , Yang Feng‐Shou , Tang Hao‐Ling , Chiu Ming‐Hui , Lee Ko‐Chun , Li Mengjiao , Lin Che‐Yi , Li Lain‐Jong , Tung Vincent , Xu Yong , Shi Yumeng , Lien Chen‐Hsin , Lin Yen‐Fu
Published: September 2021

Atomically thin tungsten diselenide (WSe2) transistors with multilayer graphene (w/ G) as contact electrodes are successfully fabricated by a precise area‐controllable chemical vapor deposition method. The performance and electrical properties of the devices are explored. Compared to those of WSe2 transistors without graphene contacts (w/o G), the maximum current densities of the w/ G–WSe2 transistors increase by one to two orders of magnitude. In addition, the device performance is markedly improved for the w/ G–WSe2 transistors, including an on/off current ratio of ≈107, subthreshold swing of ≈150 mV/decade, and threshold voltage of ≈1.75 V. The improved performance of the w/ G–WSe2 transistors is ascribed to the alleviation of electrical contributions from metal–semiconductor contact resistance, which is consistent with the analysis of low‐frequency noise measurements. In addition, self‐trapping behavior in the WSe2 channel is found, which possibly paves a way to further optimize the performance of layered devices. Finally, an inverter using the w/ G–WSe2 transistors is demonstrated. These transistors represent a step forward in the development of layered graphene‐based electronics suitable for energy‐efficient and high‐performance industrial‐scale products.
Longitudinal association of apolipoprotein E and sleep with incident dementia
Authors: Palpatzis Eleni , Bass Nick , Jones Rebecca , Mukadam Naaheed
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Few longitudinal studies have explored the association between apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) status, sleep disturbances, and incident dementia among middle‐aged participants.

Methods

Cox regression analyses explored the association of sleep duration, insomnia, and daytime napping with incident all‐cause dementia and their interaction with APOE genetic risk among 397,777 middle‐aged adults.

Results

During a median of 10.8 years follow‐up, sleeping more or fewer than 7 hours was associated with a higher dementia risk (hazard ratio [HR] for 5 vs 7 hours: 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–1.64; HR for 9 vs 7 hours: 1.59; 95% CI 1.37–1.85) as was daytime napping (HR for often/all of the time vs never/rarely: 1.67; 95% CI 1.37–2.03). Stratified analyses revealed that the effects of sleep disturbances were similar across all APOE genetic risk groups.

Discussion

Short and long sleep duration and daytime napping in middle‐aged individuals are associated with the development of dementia in later life. Sleep duration and quality are important for everyone regardless of their genetic risk by APOE genotype.
Neuronal TNFα, Not α‐Syn, Underlies PDD‐Like Disease Progression in IFNβ‐KO Mice
Authors: Villanueva Erika B. , Tresse Emilie , Liu Yawei , Duarte João N. , Jimenez‐Duran Gisela , Ejlerskov Patrick , Kretz Oliver , Loreth Desiree , Goldmann Tobias , Prinz Marco , Issazadeh‐Navikas Shohreh
Published: September 2021

Objective

Parkinson's disease (PD) manifests in motor dysfunction, non‐motor symptoms, and eventual dementia (PDD). Neuropathological hallmarks include nigrostriatal neurodegeneration, Lewy body (LB) pathology, and neuroinflammation. Alpha‐synuclein (α‐syn), a primary component of LBs, is implicated in PD pathogenesis, accumulating, and aggregating in both familial and sporadic PD. However, as α‐syn pathology is often comorbid with amyloid‐beta (Aβ) plaques and phosphorylated tau (pTau) tangles in PDD, it is still unclear whether α‐syn is the primary cause of neurodegeneration in sporadic PDD. We aimed to determine how the absence of α‐syn would affect PDD manifestation.

Methods

IFN‐β knockout (Ifnb−/−) mice spontaneously develop progressive behavior abnormalities and neuropathology resembling PDD, notably with α‐syn+ LBs. We generated Ifnb/Snca double knockout (DKO) mice and evaluated their behavior and neuropathology compared with wild‐type (Wt), Ifnb−/−, and Snca−/− mice using immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, immunoblots, qPCR, and modification of neuronal signaling.

Results

Ifnb/Snca DKO mice developed all clinical PDD‐like behavioral manifestations induced by IFN‐β loss. Independently of α‐syn expression, lack of IFN‐β alone induced Aβ plaques, pTau tangles, and LB‐like Aβ+/pTau+ inclusion bodies and neuroinflammation. IFN‐β loss caused significant elevated glial and neuronal TNF‐α and neuronal TNFR1, associated with neurodegeneration. Restoring neuronal IFN‐β signaling or blocking TNFR1 rescued caspase 3/t‐BID‐mediated neuronal‐death through upregulation of c‐FLIPS and lowered intraneuronal Aβ and pTau accumulation.

Interpretation

These findings increase our understanding of PD pathology and suggest that targeting α‐syn alone is not sufficient to mitigate disease. Targeting specific aspects of neuroinflammation, such as aberrant neuronal TNF‐α/TNFR1 or IFN‐β/IFNAR signaling, may attenuate disease. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:789–807
Interfaces and Interfacial Layers in Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xiang Wanchun , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Tress Wolfgang
Published: September 2021

Owing to their superior thermal stability, metal halide inorganic perovskite materials continue to attract interest for photovoltaics applications. The highest reported power conversion efficiency (PCE) for solar cells based on inorganic perovskites is over 20 %. As this PCE corresponds to 73 % of the theoretical limit, there remains more room for further improving the device PCEs than for improving organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The main loss is in the photovoltage, which is limited by interfaces in terms of non‐radiative recombination caused by traps and energy‐level mismatch. Furthermore, inefficient charge extraction at interfacial contacts reduces the photocurrent and fill factor. This Minireview summarizes the recent developments in the fundamental understanding of how the interfaces and interfacial layers influence the performance of solar cells based on inorganic perovskite absorbers. An outlook for the development of highly efficient and stable inorganic PSCs from the interface point of view is also given.
Indium‐katalysierte Transferhydrierung zur reduktiven Cyclisierung von 2‐Alkinylenonen zu trisubstituierten Furanen
Authors: Li Luomo , Kail Sascha , Weber Sebastian M. , Hilt Gerhard
Published: September 2021

Indiumtribromid katalysiert die Transferhydrierung von dihydroaromatischen Verbindungen, wie etwa dem kommerziell erhältlichen γ‐Terpinen, auf Enone, wodurch eine Cyclisierung zu trisubstituierten Furanen realisiert wird. Die Reaktion wird durch eine Michael‐Addition eines Hydrid‐Nukleophils auf die Enon‐Einheit initiiert, gefolgt von einer Lewis‐Säure‐vermittelten Cyclisierung sowie der Bildung eines Furan‐Indium‐ und eines Wheland‐Intermediats, das aus der dihydroaromatischen Verbindung hervorgeht. Das Produkt wird durch eine Proto‐Deindinierung mithilfe des Wheland‐Komplexes gebildet. Durch den Einsatz von positionsspezifisch deuterierten, dihydroaromatischen HD‐Surrogaten konnten positionsspezifische Deuterium‐substituierte Produkte gebildet werden, die Einblick in den Reaktionsmechanismus gaben.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Ionic Liquids for the Fabrication of Ionogel Films and Patterns
Authors: Obst Martin , Arnauts Giel , Cruz Alexander John , Calderon Gonzalez Maider , Marcoen Kristof , Hauffman Tom , Ameloot Rob
Published: September 2021

Film deposition and high‐resolution patterning of ionic liquids (ILs) remain a challenge, despite a broad range of applications that would benefit from this type of processing. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of ILs. The IL‐CVD method is based on the formation of a non‐volatile IL through the reaction of two vaporized precursors. Ionogel micropatterns can be easily obtained via the combination of IL‐CVD and standard photolithography, and the resulting microdrop arrays can be used as microreactors. The IL‐CVD approach will facilitate leveraging the properties of ILs in a range of applications and microfabricated devices.
Construction of Function‐Oriented Core–Shell Nanostructures in Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks for Near‐Infrared‐Responsive Bacterial Inhibition
Authors: Liu Bai‐Tong , Pan Xiao‐Hong , Zhang Ding‐Yang , Wang Rui , Chen Jun‐Yu , Fang Han‐Ru , Liu Tian‐Fu
Published: September 2021

Exploration of effective ways to integrate various functional species into hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) is critically important for their applications but highly challenging. In this study, according to the “bottle‐around‐ship” strategy, core–shell heterostructure of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and HOFs was fabricated for the first time via a ligand‐grafting stepwise method. The UCNPs “core” can effectively upconvert near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation (980 nm) into visible light (540 nm and 653 nm), which further excites the perylenediimide‐based HOF “shell” through resonance energy transfer. In this way, the nanocomposite inherits the high porosity, excellent photothermal and photodynamic efficiency, NIR photoresponse from two parent materials, achieving intriguing NIR‐responsive bacterial inhibition toward Escherichia coli. This study may shed light on the design of functional HOF‐based composite materials, not only enriching the HOF library but also broadening the horizon of their potential applications.