bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
James Peddie Steele
Authors: Sandys John Edwin
Published: August 2013

By the death of Dr. Steele of Florence on the sixteenth day of July 1917, in the eighty-second year of his age, the British School of Archaeology in Rome has lost one of its earliest and most generous benefactors. It is therefore fitting that a grateful tribute to his memory should find a place among the Papers of the School.

James Peddie Steele was born at Dalkeith on 4 May, 1836. He was the son of the Rev. Peter Steele, for some time Rector of Dalkeith Grammar School. As a boy of fourteen he won a prize for an English poem on the Laocoon. At the University of Edinburgh, where he took the degree of B.A. in 1859, his earliest distinctions were won in the field of the Greek and Latin Classics, in which he found a never failing source of inspiration and recreation during a large part of his long life. He attended the lectures of John Stuart Blackie, who, on his election to the Chair of Greek in 1853, was permitted to appoint an assistant lecturer to relieve him in some of the duties of his professorship. About 1860 the appointment was held for a short time by Steele, who was also associated with the ‘Hellenic Society’ founded among the younger men by Blackie, who ‘held weekly meetings in the evening for reading through the Greek classics…for pure delight, and not for minute critical exercise.’ I am informed that Professor J. A. Stewart, of Oxford, who knew Dr. Steele, had as a boy heard William Veitch, one of the most accurate Greek scholars of Scotland, express a high opinion of his scholarship. Most of his energies were, however, devoted to preparation for his future profession, and, with this aim in view, he became an M.D. and an L.R.C.S. of Edinburgh in 1861.
The Via Claudia Valeria
Authors: Gardner Robert
Published: August 2013

The Via Claudia Valeria was the prolongation of the Via Valeria to its natural termination upon the shores of the Adriatic. During the Republican period the principal lines of communication between Rome and almost every part of Italy were fixed and settled, even if they had not become viae munitae; and so it remained for the Emperors to develop this system and bring it to its logical conclusion. The old Via Valeria linked Rome with Alba Fucens, and, by natural extensions, with the country of the Marsi and the Paeligni. The Emperor Claudius went a step further, and, by connecting the Via Valeria at Cerfennia (Collarmele) with the Mare Superum at the Ostia Aterni (Pescara), not only brought the Paeligni and the Marrucini into direct connection with the capital, but opened up a most important route between the Mediterranean and the Adriatic. With the Paeligni and the Marrucini, through whose territory the Via Claudia Valeria passed, the Romans never had any serious trouble. We first hear of relations between Rome and these people in the middle of the fourth century. No serious hostilities are mentioned and Roman armies appear to have been able to march through their territory without opposition.; In 304 B.C. Rome granted, a treaty to the Marrucini, Marsi, Paeligni and Frentani, all of whom remained generally loyal in aftertimes. The Via Salaria, which, in its mature form, connected Rome with Ausculum and Castrum Truentinum, a point on the Adriatic coast somewhat to the north of the mouth of the Aternus, was of very early origin. To the late Republican period (117 B.C.) belongs the Via Caecilia, which branched off from the Via Salaria in the valley of the Farfa (at the 36th mile) and, after passing through Amiternum, the chief town of the northern Sabini, reached Hadria and the coast.
The Early Colonisation of Cisalpine Gaul
Authors: Ewins Ursula
Published: August 2013

Rome first penetrated into the plain of the Po in 268, when, after the Senones had been defeated and the tribe exterminated, a Latin colony, Ariminum, was founded in their former territory (Livy, Per. XV; Vell. I, 14). For many years Ariminum remained only a defensive bastion of Roman rule, closing the gap between the Apennines and the sea, and thus denying entrance to Picenum and Umbria from the north. It was later that the role of Ariminum was changed into that of a springboard for the offensives that subdued the Po country. This development was at once made possible and probable, however, by the location of the colony and the orientation of its territorium.

The original size of the colony is open to dispute. What is more important for our purposes is to attempt to determine its extent to the north and the west; to know how far it stretched into the Aemilian plain. On the south the boundary was the Crustumius (CIL XI, p. 77; Pliny, HN III, 115). On the north, the boundary with Ravenna and then with Caesena was certainly the Rubicon in the late Republic and afterwards. At the time of foundation, however, there was probably a greater area under the administration of Ariminum, but perhaps not settled by colonists.
The Roman and Byzantine Defences of Lepcis Magna
Authors: Goodchild R. G. , Perkins J. B. Ward
Published: August 2013

During the North African campaigns of 1941–3 numerous air-photographs of the Tripolitanian coast were taken by the R.A.F. for operational purposes, and the site of Lepcis Magna was included in the area covered. Examination of these photographs (pl. XV) showed many suggestive features relating to the defences of the ancient city, and a preliminary ground survey was later (1947–50) undertaken to establish, with a minimum of excavation, the course of the successive wall-circuits.

The results of this investigation are described below, and are discussed in relation to the historical and epigraphic evidence. It is not claimed that these results are exhaustive, or that they will not need modification in the light of future discoveries. Since, however, there is little likelihood of any early resumption of large-scale excavations at Lepcis, this preliminary study may help to illustrate the growth and subsequent decline of the city that came to be the most important centre between Carthage and Alexandria.
Gasr el-Gezira, a Shrine in the Gebel Nefusa of Tripolitania
Authors: Brogan Olwen , Oates David
Published: August 2013

Gasr el-Gezira stands on high ground about one kilometre south of the edge of the escarpment overlooking Wadi el-Matmùra where it debouches on to the Gefara, the coastal plain of Tripolitania, and about four kilometres due north of kilometre-stone 166 on the Jefren—Giado road. The escarpment in the neighbourhood is over 400 metres high, and the building stands at a height of 745 metres above sea-level, on the watershed between the wadis running down to the Gefara and those feeding the affluents of the Upper Sofeggin system to the south.

The building is surrounded by scattered troglodyte dwellings and sparse olive groves, interspersed with fig gardens and more open land used for cereal cultivation. The remains of a Roman village lie some three hundred metres to the south-east, and the whole complex marks the north-eastern extremity of an area of Roman olive cultivation, roughly coinciding with the district known as ez-Zintan, and probably to be assigned to the period between the first and the fourth centuries a.d.
The Municipal Patrons of Roman North Africa
Authors: Warmington B. H.
Published: August 2013

The epigraphy of Roman North Africa is well known to be richer than that of any other Western province. Not only is the total number of inscriptions large, but their wide distribution makes possible a detailed study of some municipal institutions withoutmuch danger of arguing from evidence from one city to a generalisation covering many. The structure of municipal life in the more populous parts of North Africa was characterised by the large number of communities which, though small, developed genuine civic institutions, as compared with the semi-tribal agglomerations with a few very large cities that we find elsewhere in the Western Empire. Further, many of the sites have been desolate since the end of Roman rule, and no events during that rule brought destruction widespread enough to cause significant gaps in the epigraphy taken as a whole.
Cumanin Cami'i at Antalya: A Byzantine Church
Authors: Ballance M. H.
Published: August 2013

This article is the result of a survey of Cumanin Cami'i carried out in the summer of 1953 during the writer's tenure of the Fellowship of the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara. That the survey took place is due in large measure to encouragement from the Director of the Institute, Mr. Seton Lloyd, and to the Turkish Antiquities Department, who readily gave the necessary permission. Further thanks are due to Mr. J. B. Ward Perkins for help in the solution of various problems connected with the work, to Mr. D. E. Strong for advice on the dating of the mouldings, and to Bayan Sabahat Öǧretmenoǧlu, then Director of the Antalya Museum, for her interest and support.

Cumanin Cami'i, otherwise known as Korkut Cami'i or more recently simply as Kesik Minare (the Broken Minaret), stands in the southern part of the old walled town of Antalya, the ancient Attaleia, in Pamphylia, its roofless minaret forming one of the most prominent marks on the horizon as seen from the region of the Konak, on the north side of the harbour.
Gli excusati nelle provincie italiane soggette all'Impero d'Oriente
Authors: Leicht P. S.
Published: August 2013

Chi, per il primo, s'occupo del problema offerto dagli excusati pugliesi e dello ἑξκονσατικίον che su di essi gravava fu, se non erro, il Beltrani nella sua memoria intitolata, Documenti Longobardi e Greci dell'Italia meridionale. Fra questi pubblicò una sentenza data nell'anno 1054 da Argiro duca e principe d'ltalia, per decidere una lite insorta fra tali Romualdo figlio d'un altro Romualdo, Niso e Rufo figli di Landenolfo, da un lato, e Sasso figlio di Pietro, dall'altro, che i primi pretendevano fosse loro escusato. Il processo ci offre uno svolgimento tutto longobardo: infatti, poiché gli attori non avevano alcun documento che attestasse l'asserita condizione di Sasso, Argiro ordinò a quest'ultimo di prestare insieme a dodici congiuratori, il giuramento purgatorio e quegli lo prestò, attestando di non avere mai dato agli attori lo ἐξκονσατικίον. In seguito a tale giuramento, Argiro emise una sentenza favorevole pienamente al convenuto.
La fondazione del Regnum Siciliae nella versione di Alessandro di Telese
Authors: Fuiano Michele
Published: August 2013

Quasi tutti gli storici riportano la fondazione del Regnum Siciliae alla bolla dell'antipapa Anacleto II, emanata a Benevento il 27 settembre 1130. Benché la bolla sia a noi pervenuta soltanto nella redazione di una raccolta di manoscritti vaticani del secolo XIV, non vi è motivo di dubitare della sua autenticità, tanto più che di essa si ha notizia anche dalla cronaca coeva di Falcone di Benevento. La concessione, la donazione e l'autorizzazione da parte di Anacleto a Ruggero II del Regno di Sicilia, di Calabria e di Puglia (elevazione a Regno di territori già appartenenti alia famiglia degli Altavilla e prima distinti nel ducato di Puglia, con l'annesso principato di Salerno, e nella contea di Calabria e Sicilia), nonché del Principato di Capua, dell'Honor di Napoli e dell'auxilium degli uomini di Benevento, con l'esplicita menzione della Sicilia come capitale del Regno, sanciscono la dipendenza vassallatica del nuovo re e dei suoi successori dalla Chiesa di Roma, ai cui pontefici essi son dovuti a prestare omaggio e a giurare fedeltà, con l'obbligo inoltre di pagare ogni anno 600 schifati.
Un beneficio del Petrarca. La pievania di S. Angelo a Castiglione Aretino
Authors: Billanovich Giuseppe
Published: August 2013

Papa Clemente VI fu uno dei patroni del Petrarca più convinti e più generosi. Udienze frequenti e familiari, incarichi onorevoli, permessi di entrare nella biblioteca che dentro la torre degli angeli stava subito al di sopra dell'appartamento pontificio, apportarono rapidamente e largamente onori, potenti amicizie, possibilità entusiasmanti di studio al cappellano laureato del cardinale Giovanni Colonna. Il quale negli scritti di quegli anni, nei Rerum memorandarum, in alcune lettere Familiari, nelle Invective contra medicum, ripete frequentemente gli elogi del pontefice benevolo: che se spiaceva al moralista di Valchiusa per alcune appariscenti debolezze morali, doveva invece attrarlo con la maestà di alto aristocratico e con le affinità di una intelligenza lucida, di una memoria straordinaria, di un'ampia cultura.

Ma particolarmente questo papa, che fu di una prodigalità pericolosa nell'esaudire le suppliche di sollecitatori, fece piovere sul chierico Petrarca una serie di benefici così redditizi, che gli permisero di liberarsi dalla clientela imbarazzante in casa Colonna e lo resero signore intero delle sue giornate e dei suoi luoghi di dimora. Probabilmente (arrischio un calcolo per il quale non abbiamo ancora chiari tutti gli elementi) solo nel felice decennio di papa Clemente (1342–1352) il Petrarca dispose di tanta ricchezza e di tanta potenza, da far crescere la sua biblioteca con aumenti così rapidi e dentro confini così ampi, che essa diventò già allora la raccolta di testi letterari maggiore di qualsiasi altra riunita nel millennio, o quasi, trascorso dopo la fine dell'impero romano.
Venice and the Knights Hospitallers of Rhodes in the Fourteenth Century
Authors: Luttrell A. T.
Published: August 2013

In Gentile Bellini's painting of a Venetian festa a knight of the Order of St. John stands alone in the Piazza of San Marco. He is dressed in a black cloak adorned with the eight-pointed cross of the Hospitallers and is attended by a single page. The ecclesiastical and lay dignitaries of the Republic file solemnly past; but he has no part in the ceremony and his posture suggests an awareness that the presence of the Order was resented. For two centuries both Venice and the Hospitallers were among the foremost opponents of the Turks in the Mediterranean, but a deep antipathy existed between them. Allies by force of circumstance, their attitudes towards the infidels were in strong contrast and united action often became impossible. On the one side, were traditional elements in Venetian policy, the pre-eminence of trading interests, independence of the church and an opportunist exploitation of crusading ideals; on the other, the Hospitallers' alliance with Venice's greatest rival, Genoa.

The Hospital's Priory of Venice was founded in the twelfth century and by the fourteenth included houses in many parts of Emilia and the Romagna, mostly outside Venetian territory.
A Sixth-Century Church at Ras el-Hilal in Cyrenaica
Authors: Harrison R. M.
Published: August 2013

In recent years the investigation of Cyrenaica's Byzantine remains has proceeded apace. At the end of 1960 nine churches had been excavated, seven on city-sites, two in small towns; many others had been recognised, mainly in the surrounding countryside. A spectacular discovery has been a large palace at Apollonia, almost certainly that of the provincial governor during the last century and a half of Byzantine rule. Miss J. M. Reynolds has collected Cyrenaica's Christian inscriptions, and a comprehensive publication of the churches and their mosaics is being prepared by J. B. Ward-Perkins, R. G. Goodchild and E. Rosenbaum.

The excavation of the present church, conducted in 1961 by the Cyrenaican Department of Antiquities under the direction of the writer, was planned with specific reference to this forthcoming study. The selection of the site was determined on two grounds. First, the church is an isolated building surrounded by a talus, in these respects similar to a widespread type in Cyrenaica, no example of which had been examined in detail. Second, a single limestone block decorated in shallow relief lay near the church (pl. VII, c); it was hoped that more carving might be recovered, offsetting to some extent the hitherto uniform picture (derived from the richer, urban churches) of imported marble fittings.
Inscriptions from South Etruria
Authors: Reynolds J. M.
Published: August 2013

The following group of inscriptions includes some unpublished texts found recently during the South Etruria survey and a few published ones in which additional or improved readings can be offered as a result of re-examination. Most of them are tombstones of essentially local significance, but nos. 1 and 4 from Tomba di Nerone, 5 from Casale Spizzichino and 20 from Filissano are of greater importance and interest.

I. Sites on or near the Via Cassia.

1. Travertine tombstone, damaged at the upper right corner (0·52 × 0·98 × 0·12), with schematic gable and acroteria above and a lightly and crudely incised wreath in the gable; inscribed on the exposed face, whose surface is damaged. Built into the wall of the drive leading to Via Cassia 901, which lies on the west side of the road a short distance beyond Tomba di Nerone. Recent building development revealed drainage cuniculi and other elements of a Roman building, and along the ancient road frontage there were several graves and remains of at least one mausoleum. It is very likely that some or all of the texts (nos. 1–4) were found locally.
Castel Porciano: An abandoned Medieval Village of the Roman Campagna
Authors: Mallett Michael , Whitehouse David
Published: August 2013

One of the problems which has arisen during the course of the work on the topographical survey of South Etruria has been that of the date and cause of the abandonment of many of the smaller medieval settlements of which there is evidence in the area. The study of deserted medieval villages has advanced considerably in northern Europe since 1945, but in Italy it is still in its infancy. There is therefore an almost complete lack of comparative material with which to work in the study of the deserted settlements in the area between Rome and Viterbo, and we have found traces, either documentary or physical, and often both, of over seventy-five such settlements in this area.

As I hope to take up the whole question of the deserted villages of South Etruria in the near future, I shall not here attempt to enlarge on the wider aspects of the problem of shifting rural settlements in the later Middle Ages. However, it is important to emphasise that the picture is on the whole very different from that in northern Europe.
A Possible Description of the Macellum Magnum of Nero
Authors: Sampson Jean , Rainbird J. S. , Sear F. B.
Published: August 2013

Pirro Ligorio wrote a description of what he believed to be the statio of the cohors vigilum on the Caelian hill which has never been satisfactorily explained. De Rossi supposed that the description was either of the castra peregrina or else a mixture of truth and falsehood. Baillie Reynolds wished to associate the description with some slightly similar remains to the south-east of Santo Stefano Rotondo. Colini recorded it, but offered no specific interpretation.

The text of the description survives in the original Italian in Cod. Taur. V f. 127–128, and in a Latin version by Holstein in Cod. Vat. Lat. 9141 f. 143. The Latin version differs in some respects from the Italian, and we give both texts here:

Castro Celimontano de' soldati Vigili fu in Roma nel monte Celio di là degli acquedotti dell'acqua Claudia, fra l'hospitale del Salvatore in Laterano et il monasterio di S. Steffano, ai confini delli castri peregrini, nel cui luogo hoggidí vi sono le vigne di M. Lippo et di Uberto Strozzi gentiluomini Mantovani, i quali per piantare esse vigne hanno spianato le rovine di esso Castro, alloggiamento dei soldati che la città di notte guardavano, dove havemo veduti alcuni vestiggi della pianta de'fondamenti ch'erano sotto delle rovine scassandosi il luogo. Et si sono veduti i luoghi che haveva di quattro torrioni quadrati, uno per angolo del Castro et per quattro lati fra esse torri erano quattro stanze larghe XX piedi e longhe XLVI et a destra cinque stanze di XV piedi larghe et longhe XX et a sinistra altre cinque stanze simili et cosí per tutti quattro i lati erano l'altre a destra et a sinistra delle altre grandi simili di quarantasei piedi, et le torri fiancheggiavano essi lati delle sale et camere.
Four Mirrors in the City Museum and Art Gallery, Birmingham
Authors: Lloyd-Morgan G.
Published: August 2013

Among the antiquities in the collection of the Department of Archaeology and Ethnography in the City Museum and Art Gallery, Birmingham, are four bronze mirrors. Three have not previously been published and the fourth, although first noted in 1838, had been lost from sight since the early years of this century. This note has been compiled at the suggestion of the Keeper as a record of one aspect of the Birmingham collection. The writer also hopes that it will remind other students that excellent material may as often be found in the provincial museums of Britain, as in the national collections.
The Revival of Opus Sectile Pavements in Rome and the Vicinity in the Carolingian Period
Authors: McClendon Charles B.
Published: August 2013

The churches in Rome built between the end of the eighth and the middle of the ninth century are among the best preserved monuments of the Carolingian era anywhere in Europe. As such, they have afforded scholars the rare opportunity to study in detail the various media utilised in Carolingian church decoration. The floor pavement, however, is an aspect of this decoration that has received little attention and it is my purpose here to point out the presence of a small but distinct group of opus sectile floors in Rome that seem to belong to this period.

Of the Carolingian churches in Rome, S. Prassede, built for Pope Paschal I (817–824), is by far the most complete in its structural fabric, architectural sculpture and mosaic decoration. The best preserved part of the church is the S. Zeno chapel adjoining the right aisle, and the opus sectile pavement of this chapel is perhaps the most luxurious in our series. Indeed, it is the only one to have received previous notice, beginning with its publication by R. Cattaneo in 1890.
The Franco-Papal Crusade Negotiations of 1322–3
Authors: Housley N. J.
Published: August 2013

The first two years of the reign of Charles IV, the last Capetian king of France, witnessed detailed negotiations between the French court and the papalcuriaon the question of organising a crusade to the East. The negotiations are striking proof that on crusading matters the papacy still looked to the French crown to take the lead, attempting to continue a tradition of Franco-papal cooperation on the crusade which was rooted in the mid-thirteenth century. In the earlier period this policy of close cooperation was expressed in the expeditions and projects of St. Louis and Charles of Anjou, the aspirations of such popes as Urban IV and Clement IV, and the exemplary crusading zeal of French nobles like Geoffrey of Sergines, Oliver of Termes and Erard of Valéry. But was Franco-papal cooperation still fruitful in the first decades of the fourteenth century? To answer this question definitively would require an exhaustive survey of the achievements of this aspect of papal crusading policy, of the obstacles facing it and of the various alternative approaches which were open to the Roman church.
Underwater Survey and Excavation at Gravisca, the Port of Tarquinia
Authors: Shuey Elizabeth
Published: August 2013

RICOGNIZIONE SUBACQUEA E SCAVI A GRAVISCA, PORTO DI TARQUINIA

Nell'estate del 1977 hanno avuto luogo la prima vasta ricognizione ed il primo scavo dei resti sommersi del porto di Gravisca, 65 km. a N–O di Roma; ambedue hanno fornito nuovi dati sulla pianta e la costruzione dell'antico molo. Questo porto è sempre stato collegato storicamente con la città etrusca di Tarquinia e con la Colonia Romana di Gravisca fondata nel 181 a.C., ma nonostante il nome di Gravisca fosse conosciuto perche citato in fonti antiche, praticamente niente si sapeva sul porto o sulla sua esatta ubicazione.

La Campagna 1977 ha confermato che il sito dell'antico porto coincide con quello dell'attuale Porto Clementino, ed ha rivelato parti di un molo simile a quelli dei vicini porti romani di Cosa e Pyrgi, e del porto etrusco di Populonia. L'esame di questo molo di pietra ammassata, e del la ceramica romana ad esso associata consentito di datarlo a non prima del primo secolo a.C. Una precedente utilizzazione etrusca del porto è stata azzardata, ma non è possibile provarla senza ulteriori scavi.
Roman Paintings and Stucco Reliefs in the Victoria and Albert Museum
Authors: Ling Roger
Published: August 2013

PITTURE E STUCCHI ROMANI NEL VICTORIA & ALBERT MUSEUM

Viene qui pubblicata una serie de affreschi e di stucchi romani conservati nel Victoria and Albert Museum di Londra. La provenienza, secondo il catalogo del Prints and Drawings Department, é Pozzuoli; ed uno dei due stucchi appartiene con molta probabilità allo stesso contesto della serie pozzolana del British Museum pubblicata nel 1966. Gli affreschi, a parte un frammento del secondo stile pompeiano e due pezzi a campo giallo, provengono probabilmente da una sola decorazione, forse funeraria, dell' epoca flavio-traianea. L'iconografia comprende uccelli, frutta,gorgoneia, capre, personificazioni delle stagioni, amoretti, e (motivi di un interesse particolare) due demoni alati che rassomigliano al demone etrusco Charun.
The Sardinian Condaghe of S. Michele di Salvenor in the Sixteenth Century
Authors: Brown Rosalind
Published: August 2013

IL CONDAGHE SARDO DI S. MICHELE DI SALVENOR NEL XVI SECOLO

Il condaghe è una forma di documento legale convalidato dal giudice della regione, caratteristico della Sardegna pre-aragonese (X–XIII secolo), sostituito dal XIII secolo in poi da forme legali italiane e aragonesi. I documenti delle dispute di confine del 1598–1600 riguardanti S. Michele di Salvenor dimostrano che molti condaghi erano ancora in uso in questo periodo, sebbene il loro esatto valore legale fosse controverso. Il condaghe di S. Michele era allora ancora nell'originale lingua sarda; la traduzione in castigliano, che é rimasta completa, deve essere stata fatta subito dopo. Una Bolla pontificia del 1273, la cui conferma del XVI secolo si trova in questi documenti, mostra che il condaghe era stato considerato valido dal papato. Le descrizioni delle proprietà di S. Michele che si trovano nella Bolla sono un diretto riassunto di parte del condaghe. Non é chiaro se siano stati fatti altri tentativi, nel XVI secolo o dopo, di usare il condaghe come prova legalmente valida.
Field Survey of an Area South and West of La Storta
Authors: Kahane Anne M. , Andrews D. David
Published: August 2013

This report is a further contribution to the publication of the survey of the country surrounding Veii. The area is bounded in the north by the watershed of the Roman Via Clodia; on the east by the line of the Via Cassia, also a watershed; on the south by the Valle della Torre Spaccata and the stream it joins, the Fosso dell'Acquasona, to the latter's junction with the Fosso Galeria; and on the west by the river known from north to south as the Fosso di Cesano, Rio Galeria, Valle Galeria and Fosso Galeria. It is a compact area as the roads which originate in its north-east corner terminate within it, apart from the cross country Etruscan road which goes off across the Fosso Galeria towards the lower Arrone (Route I) and the Etruscan road down the long ridge to the Via di Boccea crossing of the Fosso Galeria (Route VI), neither of whose onward courses has yet been studied in detail. The Roman road down the last mentioned ridge may have been a useful link in local communication, but it was probably not a through road.
Swansea Postscript
Authors: Ling Roger
Published: August 2013

UNA POSTILLA SU UNA LAPIDE DI SWANSEA

Una nuova iscrizione è stata scoperta sul retro di una delle lapidi di Swansea, pubblicate nel 1971. A prima vista l'epigrafe sembra originale, un'epitaffio tipico dell'epoca imperiale e dei ceti libertini, ma è strano che il testo sia sfuggito all'attenzione dei compilatori del settecento. Può darsi che sia stato inciso da un falsario in modo da raddoppiare il valore di una lapide originale. Si suggerisce che l'omissione del nomen nell'iscrizione di P. Apollinaris sia dovuta al desiderio della famiglia di nascondere una nascita in contubernio.
Pietro Santi Bartoli: Drawings in Glasgow University Library after Roman Paintings and Mosaics
Authors: Pace Claire
Published: August 2013

PIETRO SANTI BARTOLI = DISEGNI NELLA BIBLIOTECA DELL'UNIVERSITÀ DI GLASGOW DOPO I DIPINTI E MOSAICI ROMANI

Questo articolo descrive il risveglio d'interesse nell'antica pittura romana nel diciassettesimo secolo a Roma. Sono discusse le figure principali, come: Cassiano dal Pozzo, Cardinal Camillo Massimi, il critico e antiquario G. P. Bellori, e l'artista Pietro Santo Bartoli. I volumi dei disegni ad acquarello, copie di antichi dipinti e mosaici romani, opera di Bartoli (ripubblicati in forma d'incisione con commento di Bellori) furono prima molto stimati poi degradati in Gran Bretagna specialmente nel diciottesimo secolo. Collezioni di tali disegni (di Bartoli e suo figlio) sono specificati a Eton, Windsor e Holkham. Un volume di acquarelli di Bartoli, posteriore ai dipinti e mosaici romani, dedicato al Cardinale Massimi, è stato recentemente trovato nella Biblioteca dell'Università di Glasgow. Questo volume e la sua probabile provenienza, sono trattati in questo articolo nel contesto della raccolta del 18° secolo.

I singoli disegni nel volume sono poi elencati con una breve descrizione riportando le misure e un'indicazione dell'origine e soggetto quando queste sono note. Materiale paragonabile (ad es. disegni simili di altre collezioni inglesi, incisioni ecc.) è riportato dopo ciascuna registrazione.
A Review of the Evidence for Prehistoric Activity in Part of South Etruria
Authors: di Gennaro Francesco , Stoddart Simon
Published: August 2013

RASSEGNA DELLE TESTIMONIANZE DI ATTIVITÀ PREISTORICA IN PARTE DELL'ETRURIA DEL SUD

Questo articolo mette in discussione la completezza della documentazione preistorica, anche nella zona intensamente studiata dalla British School. In esso si avanza l'ipotesi che le difficoltà metodologiche e d'ambiente hanno influito negativamente sulla documentazione preistorica più che su quella classica. Questa conclusione è basata sull'analisi di 17 siti originariamente studiati in ricognizioni della British School at Rome e su un'analisi dello sviluppo della ricerca archeologica nella zona. Tuttavia il presente studio deve essere considerato preliminare. Si potrebbe ottenere una migliore comprensione dell'accuratezza dei modelli d'insediamento preistorico attraverso una nuova ed intensiva indagine di una zona limitata, facendo uso di informazioni topografiche più recenti e di metodologie già usate in altre zone dell'Etruria Meridionale. Per ora, si fornisce un catalogo di tutti i siti pre-etruschi conosciuti entro i confini delle carte topografiche analizzate. Tuttavia, si afferma che le continue scoperte di siti preistorici, in particolare dell'età del Bronzo, renderanno necessari importanti cambiamenti nell'interpretazione dei periodi pre-etruschi.
The Benedictines and Malta: 1363–1371
Authors: Luttrell Anthony
Published: August 2013

I BENEDETTINI E MALTA, 1363–1371

Quando Isolda de Landolina di Noto morì nel 1363, lasciò in eredità la sua chiesa e gli altri suoi possedimenti a Malta ai monaci di San Nicolò d'Arena a Catania, a condizione che erigessero una casa a Malta. Nel 1364 Ilario, vescovo di Malta non residente, cambiò il testamento al fine di permettere ai monaci di godere dell'eredità senza dover costruire una casa a Malta e nel 1371 il suo successore, il vescovo Antonio de Musto, cercò invano di assicurarsi una parte dell'eredità come sua portio episcopale. Il testamento di Isolda, i documenti riguardanti le controversie del 1364 e 1371 e altri testi tuttora conservati a Catania, gettano luce su aspetti poco conosciuti della storia e della topografia maltese nel XIV secolo.
Glass Lamps from San Vincenzo al Volturno, Molise
Authors: Stevenson Judy
Published: August 2013

LUCERNE VITREE DA SAN VINCENZO AL VOLTURNO, MOLISE

A. S. Vincenzo al Volturno è stata rinvenuta un'interessante forma di lucerna vitrea, all'interno delle strutture della villa di V–VI secolo d.C.; “copie” di questa forma sono state riprodotte, nel IX secolo, nelle officine vetrarie annesse alla famosa abbazia benedettina. Queste lucerne possono essere riconosciute dalla forma dei manici, che si connettono alla parte superiore dell'orlo, staccandosi verticalmente da esso. Inoltre sembra che le lucerne fossero dotate di basi concave, in grado di sorreggere il pezzo, simili a quelle di una bottiglia. Le lucerne di V e VI secolo sembra avessero tre manici, laddove in quelle di IX se ne riscontrano solo due.

È stato ricostruito il profilo completo di una lucerna databile fra V e VI secolo. Da altri tre siti di mia conoscenza provengono simili forme cronologicamente collocabili fra V e VI secolo: Belmonte presso Altamura, in Puglia; S. Giovanni di Ruoti presso Potenza, in Basilicata; via Carminiello ai Mannesi, a Napoli.

Nell'articolo si discute l'ipotesi di una regionalizzazione della forma, nonché la possibilità di un unico centro di produzione per la regione, fra V e VI secolo; si adombra inoltre l'idea di una rinascita di tradizioni Romane e Tardo-Romane nel IX secolo.

Altre forma di lucerne, come ad esempio quelle sospese a corto gambo, sono altresi ampiamente testimoniate a S. Vincenzo per ambedue i periodi di cui ci si sta occupando.
The Casino of Pius IV in the Vatican
Authors: Cellauro Louis
Published: August 2013

IL CASINO DI PIO IV AL VATICANO

Il Casino di Pio IV nei Giardini Vaticani fu progettata dall'antiquario Pirro Ligorio (c. 1531–83), uno degli archeologici classici più competenti del sedicesimo secolo. In considerazione dell'attività di Ligorio sia come antiquario che come archeologo, sono spesso stati sottolineati paralleli tra il Casino di Pio IV e l'architettura classica, fin dal diciottesimo secolo. Comunque, tentativi di associare il Casino con antiche architetture si sono basati sul presupposto che il Casino (che è poi il nome più recente) fosse stato progettato da Ligorio come una villa. Ciò, ad ogni modo, non è supportato da alcuna evidenza documentaria, e sia l'architettura che il carattere del Casino sembrano escluderlo. Il Casino è infatti menzionato nei documenti dell'epoca come sede di una fonte, e le iscrizioni commemorative contengono le parole FONTIBUS e LYMPHAEUM. Allo stesso modo, l'intero edificio è chiamato da Ligorio unLymphaeo. Si discute in questo articolo che il ‘Casino’ possa essere meglio compreso come una ricostruzione antiquaria di unmusaeumclassico. Non è inoltre da escludere che Ligorio, nel progettare il Casino, avesse in mente il Museo dell'Accademia di Atene come modello per un'accademia moderna. Questa è una nuova interpretazione del complesso, e nuovo materiale documentario legato alla sua cronologia ed ai cambiamenti che ebbero luogo durante il pontificato di Clemente XI, vengono inoltre presentati.
Roman Inscriptions in the City of Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery
Authors: Wilkes J. J.
Published: August 2013

The nineteen stones described below form a small collection of Latin inscriptions now housed in the City of Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery. They have been acquired since the Second World War from older collections assembled at various places in the United Kingdom. With the exception of two, all are recorded as found in Rome and sixteen have been published in volume VI of the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL). The findspot of one (no. 6) is not recorded, while that of another (no. 13), although not attested, was almost certainly Rome. The publications in CIL were based in most cases on manuscript copies made between the fifteenth and ninetenth centuries; in the case of eight stones this republication (nos. 2, 3, 5, 9, 11, 12, 17 and 18) provides corrections or amendments to the relevant entries in CIL. All measurements are metric.
Ceramica Laziale
Authors: Whitehouse David
Published: August 2013

This article reconsiders a group of medieval glazed wares from central Italy, to which (in Whitehouse 1967: 60–6) I gave the cumbersome name ‘Pottery with plant and abstract decoration’. The material of this type from Rome is the subject of a new study by the Italian scholar, Otto Mazzucato (1976a), under the title ‘Ceramica laziale’. As a result of this and other recent research, it appears now that a homogeneous group of wares decorated with brown and green stripes, ‘arcades’ and vegetal motifs under a yellowish or greenish lead glaze was produced in several parts of Lazio and Umbria in the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries. In most, if not all, of these areas it was the earliest locally made medieval glazed pottery with painted ornament. It was superseded by Archaic maiolica in the thirteenth century. Mazzucato makes a convincing case for regarding Ceramica laziale as a local product inspired by pottery imported from Sicily or the eastern Maghreb. Although influence from the south would explain the geometric ornament of Ceramica laziale, it does not account fully for the frequent use of leaf scrolls and other vegetal motifs, for which a local origin appears probable.
The great administrative officials of the Norman Kingdom of Sicily
Authors: Takayama Hiroshi
Published: August 2013

GLI ALTI FUNZIONARI AMMINISTRATIVE DEL REGNO NORMANNO IN SICILIA

L'articolo riprende in esame la letteratura esistente riferita ai funzionari delle finanze nel regno normanno in Sicilia e descrive le responsabilità di questi alti ufficiali nella duana basata su una nuova interpretazione di questa organizzazione finanziaria e amministrativa. Il ad-diwan al-ma'mur, l'ufficio centrale predisposto per il lavoro generale e di routine a Palermo, era diretto dal ciambellano principale del palazzo reale, affiancato da due ciambellani subordinati. La duana de secretis, l'ufficio che a Palermo sovraintendeva agli speciali dazii riguardanti l'amministrazione della terra, era diretta da uno dei due ciambellani del palazzo reale. I suoi alti ufficiali erano chiamati magistri duane de secretis, ashab diwan at-tahqiq al-mἁ mur, οἱ ἐπὶ τοῦ μεγάλου σεκρέτου (οἱ ἐπὶ τοῦ σεκρέτου), O οἱ ἂρχοντες τοῦ σεκρέτον. La duana baronum, un ufficio distaccato a Salerno che doveva soddisfare l'ampia varietà di necessità amministrative locali della penisola, fu diretta dapprima dall'altro ciambellano della corte reale e successivamente dall'ammiraglio. Gli alti funzionari di questo ufficio erano chiamati magistri duane baronum oppure οἱ ἐπὶ τοû σεκρέτου τῶν ἀποκοπῶν.
The influence of gender, age, education and household size on meal preparation and food shopping responsibilities
Authors: Flagg Lee A , Sen Bisakha , Kilgore Meredith , Locher Julie L
Published: August 2013

Objective

To examine the extent to which the gendered division of labour persists within households in the USA in regard to meal planning/preparation and food shopping activities.

Design

Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data.

Setting

2007–2008 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Subjects

Sub-sample of 3195 adults at least 20 years old who had a spouse or partner.

Results

Analyses revealed that the majority of women and men reported they shared in both meal planning/preparing and food shopping activities (meal planning/preparation: women 54 % and men 56 %; food shopping: women 60 % and men 57 %). Results from multinomial logistic regression analyses indicated that, compared with men, women were more likely to take primary responsibility than to share this responsibility and less likely to report having no responsibility for these tasks. Gender differences were observed for age/cohort, education and household size.

Conclusions

This study may have implications for public health nutritional initiatives and the well-being of families in the USA.
Three year results of endovascular therapy with a new generation nitinol stent for femoro-popliteal artery lesions - a single-center outcome analysis of a subcohort of MISAGO 2 study
Authors: Kralj Ivan , Boos Irene , Müller-Bühl Uwe
Published: August 2013

Background: Advances in stent technology have widened the field of indications for stent treatment of femoro-popliteal artery lesions, however the use of stents in bending arterial segments is restricted because some first- and second-generation nitinol stent designs did not respond well to the mechanical forces of femoro-popliteal segments in motion which pose a substantial risk of stent fracture inducing in-stent-stenosis. New generation nitinol stents are supposed to overcome these limitations but long-term results are rare. Patients and methods: In forty-five patients (mean age 68 y, range 50 - 85) with peripheral arterial disease (TASC II A-C, Rutherford category 2 - 5) forty-six lesions of the superficial femoral artery (37) or popliteal artery (9) were treated [25 high-grade stenoses, mean length 53 mm (range 30 - 145 mm); 21 chronic total occlusions, mean length 74 mm (range 30 - 180 mm)]. 74 % of lesions were located in the mobile bending arterial segments in the distal femoral or the popliteal segment. Clinical reevaluation performed at discharge, at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months included at least the measurement of ankle-brachial index (ABI) and duplex sonography. Results: Procedural success rate was 100 %. At 6, 12, 24, and 36 months, cumulative primary patency rate was 93.5 %, 84.8 %, 80.5 %, and 74.3 % (SE<10); freedom from target lesion revascularization rate was 95.7 %, 89.2 %, 84.9 %, and 79.3 % (SE<10); Rutherford category and ABI improved in all patients and clinical success was maintained in more than 85 % of patients. Conclusions: Sustained technical and clinical success and good clinical long-term results were achieved with Misago™ nitinol stent implantation in femoro-popliteal lesions with moderate risk for in-stent-stenosis, and in the distal femoral and popliteal mobile segment.
Lymphedema - the long way to diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Blome Christine , Sandner Angelika , Herberger Katharina , Augustin Matthias
Published: August 2013

Background: Clinical experience indicates that edema often remain undiagnosed. The aim of this study was to examine how much time passes between important events in the patient journey and what predicts delayed consultation and diagnosis. Patients and methods: 65 patients with secondary arm lymphedema and 161 patients with primary or secondary leg lymphedema were interviewed. The following latency times were computed: the time between (1) first symptoms and first visit to physician; (2) visit of physician and diagnosis; (3) diagnosis and lymph drainage therapy; (4) diagnosis and compression therapy. Associations of latency times with patient and clinical characteristics were analysed using t tests and multivariate linear regression. Results: All arm edema patients had consulted a physician in the year after first symptoms at the latest, and everyone except two received the diagnosis in the following year at the latest. For secondary leg edema, the average latency until physician consultation was also short with 0.5 ± 1.8 years, and latency until diagnosis was 1.7 ± 3.8 years. In contrast, latencies in primary leg edema were significantly longer: The average time between first symptoms and physician consultation was 5.2 ± 11.0 years, and edema diagnosis was made after further 6.7 ± 11.4 years. On average, it took 13.5 years from first symptoms to lymph drainage therapy in these patients and 13.7 years until compression therapy. Predictors of late consultation and late diagnosis in primary leg edema were age < 40, positive family anamnesis, and female gender. Conclusions: Primary leg lymphedema is diagnosed late in many cases, especially in younger women.
Yes we can, but do we?
Authors: Jacobs Howy
Published: August 2013

Science in Western countries is increasingly dominated by recruits from other parts of the world. Howy considers the reasons for this and whether anything could or should be done to halt this trend.
Modelling of wind generation at all scales for transmission system analysis
Authors: Hayes Barry P. , Djokic Sasa Z.
Published: August 2013

This study presents a general methodology for a more accurate assessment of performance of networks with a high penetration of wind‐based energy generation. The methodology allows to analyse wind generation at all scales of implementation, including highly dispersed micro‐ and small‐scale individual wind turbines connected at low voltage, as well as small‐ to medium‐size wind farms (WFs) connected to distribution networks at medium voltage. Such an ‘all‐scale’ approach for modelling wind generation is still missing from existing literature. An advanced mesoscale atmospheric model of wind energy resources is applied to generate realistic input wind speed data at all scales of implementation, from which generated power outputs are calculated using simple but accurate aggregate wind generation models. The presented methodology is specifically intended for assessing the impact of embedded wind generation on transmission system planning and operation. The methodology is validated using a case study of an actual section of the UK transmission network, where measurements from several WFs and system bulk load supply points are used to demonstrate its applicability and assess its limitations.
Use of local bus measurements for operational planning of a power system
Authors: Hazarika Durlav , Talukdar Bani Kanta , Das Ranjay
Published: August 2013

This study describes a method to prepare operational planning of a power system using the measurements of bus variables. For this purpose, voltage and current phasors of a target bus have to be measured for two consecutive time instances. These measurements are then used to determine the Thevenin's equivalent voltage and impedance of the system. The Thevenin's equivalent voltage, impedance and bus voltage of the target bus are used to derive sensitivity relations for change in real and reactive powers with respect to change in the bus voltage of the target bus. The sensitivity relations are utilised in the decision‐making process, during operational planning of a power system.
Calculations of the charge distribution along multi‐overhead transmission lines’ conductors
Authors: El Dein Adel Z.
Published: August 2013

This study describes a new methodology to calculate the charge distributions along the conductors of multi‐overhead transmission lines (OHTLs). In this study, the effects of the conductors sag, the tower and the ground wires, replacing the subconductors of each phase with an equivalent conductor and the presence of another OHTL circuit on the electric charge distribution along the OHTL conductors are extensively studied. The suggested technique is based on both the charge simulation method and image method.
DC fault ride‐through capability and STATCOM operation of a HVDC hybrid voltage source converter
Authors: Feldman Ralph , Farr Ewan , Watson Alan J. , Clare Jon C. , Wheeler Patrick W. , Trainer David R. , Crookes R. Will
Published: August 2013

High voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems are becoming increasingly popular when compared to conventional AC transmission methods. HVDC voltage source converters (VSC) can offer advantages over traditional HVDC current source converter topologies; as such, it is expected that HVDC‐VSCs will be further exploited with the growth of HVDC transmission. This study presents the DC fault ride through capability and new static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) modes of operation for the recently published alternate arm converter, intended for the HVDC market. Operation and fault ride through of the converter during a local terminal to terminal short circuit of the DC‐link is demonstrated; during the fault STATCOM operation is also demonstrated.