bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Source of Income Discrimination and Fair Housing Policy
Authors: Tighe J. Rosie , Hatch Megan E. , Mead Joseph
Published: October 2016

The housing choice voucher program was designed with two main goals in mind: to eliminate concentrations of poverty and the social problems it causes and to provide poor households with greater access to higher-opportunity neighborhoods. However, research suggests that voucher holders would like to move to higher-opportunity neighborhoods, but often are unable to do so. One of the most prominent reasons for this is that, in most cities and states, local law allows landlords to discriminate against potential tenants on the grounds of their “source of income” (SOI). This article reviews the literature on discrimination of voucher recipients and the potential for SOI antidiscrimination laws to mitigate some of these negative outcomes.
Holocene eolian sand deposition linked to climatic variability, Northern Great Plains, Canada
Authors: Wolfe Stephen A , Lian Olav B , Hugenholtz Christopher H , Riches Justine R
Published: October 2016

The Bigstick and Seward Sand Hills are possibly two of the oldest dune fields within the late Wisconsin glaciated regions of the Northern Great Plains. As with most Northern Great Plains dune fields, source sediments are former proglacial outwash sands. Thus, Holocene dune construction is primarily related to spatial–temporal variations in surface cover and transport capacity, rather than renewed sediment input. However, eolian landscape reconstructions on the Northern Great Plains have been temporally constrained to recent periods of activity, as older episodes of deposition are typically reworked by younger events. In this study, sediment cores from shallow lacustrine basins and interdune areas provide an improved record of Holocene eolian sand deposition. Eolian sand accumulation in the interdunes and basins occurred between 150 and 270 years ago, 1.9 and 3.0 ka, 5.4 and 8.6 ka, and prior to ca. 10.8 ka. These episodes of sand accumulation were bracketed by lacustrine deposition and soil formation, which represented wetter conditions. Other than mid-Holocene dune activity, which may be related to peak warmth and aridity, most periods of eolian sand accumulation coincided with cooler but drier climatic events such as the Younger Dryas, late-Holocene cooling prior to the Medieval Climatic Anomaly, and the ‘Little Ice Age’. These depositional episodes are also spatially represented by other dune fields in the region, providing a broad-scale view of the connections between past climatic events and eolian landscape evolution on the Northern Great Plains.
The Causality Direction of the Stock Market–Growth Nexus: Application of GMM Dynamic Panel Data and the Panel Ganger Non-causality Tests
Authors: Deyshappriya N.P. Ravindra
Published: October 2016

This study is an attempt to model the linkages between stock market development and economic growth in developed and emerging markets. The causality direction between stock market development and economic growth has also been examined in order to provide solid policy implications. Mainly, the relationship and direction of causality between stock market development and economic growth were tested using dynamic panel data analysis based on the Generalised Methods of Moment (GMM) and panel Granger non-causality, respectively. Additionally, panel unit root tests were also applied to check the stationary of the selected variables to avoid misleading results. The study focuses on 20 countries, both developed and emerging markets, and data were collected over the period 1990–2014 mainly from World Bank data series. Dynamic panel data analysis confirms that there is a statistically significant relationship between stock market development and economic growth in both developed and emerging markets. Further, the study emphasises that only the finance-led growth hypothesis is valid for emerging markets while developed markets support bidirectional causality between stock market development and economic growth, reflecting the existence of both the finance-led growth hypothesis and the growth-led finance hypothesis. Hence, it is crucial to formulate appropriate policies to shift unproductively allocated funds towards stock markets to meet long-term capital requirements to encourage higher economic growth.

JEL Classification: C230, C220, G100, E010
When Crisis Knocks, Call a Powerful CEO (or Not): Investigating the Contingent Link Between CEO Power and Firm Performance During Industry Turmoil
Authors: Gupta Vishal K. , Han Seonghee , Nanda Vikram , Silveri Sabatino (Dino)
Published: October 2016

CEO power seems to be a double-edged sword: Agency-theoretic research views CEO power as ultimately detrimental to the firm, whereas the strategic leadership literature highlights the instrumental role of CEO power in getting things done. These competing perspectives motivate a lively debate in the organizational literature on the performance consequences of CEO power. To extend this line of inquiry, we examine the CEO power–firm performance relation during industry turmoil and delve into the role of three critical situational exigencies—managerial discretion, market competitiveness, and technological innovativeness. Predictions are tested on publicly traded Standard & Poor’s (S&P) 1500 firms in the United States using archival data over 20 years. Implications for further research and practice are discussed.
Injury Patterns for Homicide Followed by Suicide by the Relationship Between Victims and Offenders
Authors: Reckdenwald Amy , Simone Shannon
Published: October 2016

The connection between the victim–offender relationship and injury patterns has been established in the lethal violence literature; however, this association has not been explored in the study of homicide followed by the perpetrator’s suicide. Using data from the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS), we address this research gap by examining violence inflicted on 1,718 homicide–suicide victims that occurred between 2003 and 2013. Results show some support for variation in injury across intimacy and relationship status while considering victim and offender characteristics; however, results were not as predicted. Avenues for future research are discussed.
Total Aortic Arch Replacement
Authors: Shelstad Ryan C. , Reeves Justin G. , Yamanaka Katsuhiro , Reece T. Brett
Published: October 2016

We review the operative techniques of aortic arch replacement. Aortic arch replacement presents several formidable challenges, as it requires arresting the circulation to the body and replacement of the brachiocephalic vessels with special consideration for protecting the central nervous system. Perfusion strategies, selective antegrade cerebral perfusion, and operative graft selection are key elements in aortic arch replacement surgery. Standard approaches include the island technique, the branched graft technique, and the “Spielvogel” trifurcated graft technique—each having its own advantages. In addition, thoracic aortic aneurysms involving the arch and descending aorta pose a substantial surgical challenge and often require hybrid or nonclamp technique with staged operative interventions. Hybrid and endovascular (thoracic endovascular aortic repair) techniques for the descending aorta are evolving and require consideration in operative planning. Areas of controversy include management of the subclavian artery, extent of distal arch replacement, elephant trunk and hybrid frozen elephant trunk techniques, and use and timing of staged approaches. Aortic arch replacement remains a complex, potentially difficult procedure. Better understanding of the potential open approaches to arch replacement will optimize the potential outcomes for patients. Aortic arch pathology is best served by tailoring the procedure to the patient-specific anatomy and pathology.
Descriptions of the second stage of music teachers’ careers
Authors: Conway Colleen , Eros John
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this study was to describe experiences of 12 second-stage music teachers as several themes emerged from a secondary analysis of previously collected written survey and interview data. Participants were previously involved in studies in which they were asked to reflect on their beginning teaching experiences and discuss their music teaching careers in the last 10 years (Conway, 2012a, 2012b). Data from the previous studies were then used in a secondary analysis in which we examined the data through the lens of “career cycle” and “second stage” theory. Experiences in the second stage included: (a) feeling settled; (b) assuming leadership; (c) uncertainty; and (d) seeking new challenges. These are discussed in relation to past research and suggestions for future research are provided.
Killer Robots as cultural techniques
Authors: Karppi Tero , Böhlen Marc , Granata Yvette
Published: October 2016

In October 2012 a group of non-governmental organizations formed a Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. The aim of this campaign was to preemptively ban fully autonomous weapons capable of selecting and engaging targets without human intervention. The campaign gained momentum swiftly, leading to different legal and political discussions and decision-makings. In this article, we use the framework of cultural techniques to analyze the different operational processes, tactics, and ethics underlying the debates surrounding developments of autonomous weapon systems. From reading the materials of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots and focusing on current robotic research in the military context we argue that, instead of demonizing Killer Robots as such, we need to understand the tools, processes and operating procedures that create, support and validate these objects. The framework of cultural techniques help us to analyze how autonomous technologies draw distinctions between life and death, human and machine, culture and technology, and what it means to be in control of these systems in the 21st century.
A rhetorical balancing act: Popular punitivism in the Netherlands
Authors: Campbell Christopher M , Makin David A , Rijkhoff Sanne AM
Published: October 2016

The level of influence public discourse has on policy can vary widely. Research has noted that while it is largely dependent on the topic, frequency, and severity of the message, political rhetoric has the potential to sway public opinion and support. Particularly true for crime policy, rhetoric has historically been a strong factor for many countries such as the United States and England often understood as popular punitivism. However, popular punitivism has not been empirically characterized with specific focus given to political discourse, especially in international context. This paper attempts to capture the scope and relationship between rhetoric, political gain, crime policy, and public response in the Netherlands. Using the context of popular punitivism, we analyze rhetoric from three different political outlets (party platforms, coalition agreements, and statements of the throne) and triangulate the codes with passed policies, voter support, and systemic action. Findings suggest that recent rhetoric often exaggerates observed crime in society, consistent with expectations of popular punitivism perspectives. However, such exaggeration does not necessarily correlate with public support and system response patterns. Implications for discourse theory and popular punitivism are discussed.
A combined use of adaptive sliding mode control and unscented Kalman filter estimator to improve vehicle yaw stability
Authors: Bagheri Ahmad , Azadi Shahram , Soltani Abbas
Published: October 2016

In this paper, an adaptive sliding mode controller is proposed to improve the vehicle yaw stability and enhance the lateral motion by direct yaw moment control method using active braking systems. As the longitudinal and lateral velocities of the vehicles as well as many other vehicle dynamics variables cannot be measured in a cost-efficient way, a robust control method combined with a state estimator is required to guarantee the system stability. Furthermore, some parameters such as the tyre–road friction coefficient undergo frequent changes, and the aerodynamics resistance forces are often exerted as a disturbance during the wide driving condition. So, an adaptive sliding mode controller is applied to make vehicle yaw rate to track its reference with robustness against model uncertainties and disturbances and a non-linear estimator based on unscented Kalman filter is used to estimate wheel slip, yaw rate, road friction coefficient, longitudinal and lateral velocities. The estimation algorithm directly uses non-linear equations of the system and does not need the linearization and differentiation. The designed controller, which is insensitive to system uncertainties, offers the adaptive sliding gains to eliminate the precise determination of the bounds of uncertainties. The sliding gain values are determined using a simple adaptation algorithm that does not require extensive computational load. Numerical simulations of various manoeuvres using a non-linear full vehicle model with seven degrees of freedom demonstrate the high effectiveness of the presented controller for improving the vehicle yaw stability and handling performance.
Male-Taller and Male-Not-Too-Tall Norms in Taiwan
Authors: Tao Hung-Lin
Published: October 2016

This study proposed ordered probit models as a methodology to verify the male-taller norm and the male-not-too-tall norm while controlling for other factors. This study confirmed the prevalence of the male-taller and the male-not-too-tall norms in Taiwan. The frequency of the height difference between a husband and wife within the range of 5–15 cm was higher than what would be expected by chance. This range in Taiwan was smaller than the range in the United Kingdom, which may imply that there are preferred height differences between couples that vary across populations.
A regressor-free robust adaptive controller for autonomous underwater vehicles
Authors: Dehghani Reza , Mohammad Khanlo Heshmatallah
Published: October 2016

This article focuses on the motion control of autonomous underwater vehicles in the ocean environment by a robust adaptive controller in which there is no regressor matrix. Due to the different atmospheric conditions in the ocean environment, the hydrodynamic coefficients of autonomous underwater vehicles cannot be exactly available and there are many uncertainties in the dynamic model. This prevents the traditional controllers to overcome these difficulties immediately. Hence, developing the adaptive controllers for the autonomous underwater vehicles encountered with uncertainties is required to provide appropriate performance. In the conventional adaptive control system, it is assumed that the autonomous underwater vehicle dynamic model can be linearly written into regressor form. Since the dynamics of the underwater vehicles is very complex, the derivation of the regressor matrix is very tedious. To overcome these problems, a regressor-free adaptive controller is proposed for the autonomous underwater vehicles in the general form of the equations of motion. In this approach, the controller is derived by the inverse dynamic method. Also, by utilizing known basis functions weighted by constant unknown coefficients, the uncertainties of the control law are estimated. The adaptation laws are derived based on Lyapunov stability theorem. The validity of the proposed method is verified by some simulation experiments. The simulation results show that the proposed approach can improve the robustness of adaptive controller to the dynamic model uncertainties and the external disturbance.
Pediatric Hereditary Angioedema as a Cause of Acute Compartment Syndrome of the Hand and Forearm: A Case Report
Authors: Venditto Chelsea , Jager Zachary , LoGiudice John , Matloub Hani
Published: October 2016

Background: Compartment syndrome of the upper extremity is a surgical emergency that, when left untreated, can have dire consequences. Its causes are numerous, one of which is the uncommon entity hereditary angioedema, an autosomal dominant disease resulting in edema in a variety of potential locations, including the extremities. This is only the second time hereditary angioedema has been mentioned in the literature as a cause of compartment syndrome. Methods: We present a case of hereditary angioedema leading to hand and forearm compartment syndrome in a 13-year-old pediatric patient. Diagnosis of hereditary angioedema was made by our Rheumatology colleagues with physical exam and a thorough history, and confirmed by laboratory studies. Results: Our patient presented with compartment syndrome of the hand and forearm and underwent hand and volar forearm fasciotomies. She was subsequently worked up for hereditary angioedema with laboratory results confirming the diagnosis. She was discharged after a 5-day hospitalization with prophylactic C1-inhibitor therapy. Conclusions: Hereditary angioedema is a rare but known cause of compartment syndrome of the upper extremity, and must be considered when patients present with compartment syndrome of unknown etiology. This disease can be diagnosed by laboratory studies and symptoms can be controlled with medical therapy.
Impact of physical activity and mechanical loading on biomarkers typically used in osteoarthritis assessment: current concepts and knowledge gaps
Authors: Cattano Nicole M. , Driban Jeffrey B. , Cameron Kenneth L. , Sitler Michael R.
Published: October 2016

There is an ongoing need to develop prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for osteoarthritis (OA). Understanding how biomarkers change in response to physical activity may be vital for understanding if a patient has a joint that is failing to adapt to a given loading stimulus. The purpose of this review is to describe how biomarker changes after joint loading may help detect early OA and determine prognosis. This may help to inform and more specifically target interventions and clinical trials. We conducted a critical review of the relevant literature that was published to January 2016. There is extensive OA biomarker research, specifically basal biomarker concentrations; however, there is limited research surrounding biomarker response to load. Some of this limited research includes the response of minimal biomarkers reflecting bone, synovium, inflammatory, and cartilage responses to load. Biomarker changes occur in bone and cartilage in response to a variety of activities and are influenced by variables such as body weight, load, vibration, and activity time. Biomarker responses to loading tasks may serve as a measure of overall joint health and be predictive of structural changes. Biomarkers adapt to training over time, and this may indicate a need for a gradual return to physical activity after an injury to allow time for joint tissues to adapt to load. Biomarker responses to physical activity may be monitored to determine appropriate loading levels and safety for return to activity.
Bone health in HIV and hepatitis B or C infections
Authors: Biver Emmanuel , Calmy Alexandra , Rizzoli René
Published: October 2016

Chronic infections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) add to age-dependent bone loss and may contribute to lower bone strength in the elderly. In this review, we report recent highlights on the epidemiology of bone fragility in chronic viral infections with HIV, HCV and HBV, its physiopathology and discuss the interference of antiviral therapies with bone metabolism. Chronic infections influence bone through the interactions between risk factors for bone fragility and falls (which are highly prevalent in infected patients), virus activity and antiviral drugs. HIV-infected patients are at increased risk of fracture and the risk is higher in cases of co-infection with HIV and untreated chronic viral hepatitis. In HIV patients, the majority of bone loss occurs during virus activity and at initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, long-term elderly HIV-infected patients on successful ART display bone microstructure alterations only partially captured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Bone loss is associated with an increase of bone resorption, reflecting the upregulation of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) pathways via a crosstalk between virus activity, inflammation and the immune system. The use of some antiviral drugs, such as tenofovir (controlling both HBV and HIV infections) or protease inhibitors, may be associated with higher bone toxicity. The reduction of tenofovir plasma concentrations with the implementation of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) attenuates bone mineral density (BMD) loss but it remains unknown whether it will contribute to reducing fracture risk in long-term HIV-treated patients. Moreover, to what extent the new direct-acting agents for treatment of HCV, including nucleotide inhibitors and protease inhibitors, may affect bone health similarly as ART in HIV should be investigated.
It’s About Ethics in Games Journalism? Gamergaters and Geek Masculinity
Authors: Braithwaite Andrea
Published: October 2016

#Gamergate is an online movement ostensibly dedicated to reforming ethics in video games journalism. In practice, it is characterized by viciously sexual and sexist attacks on women in and around gaming communities. #Gamergate is also a site for articulating “Gamergater” as a form of geek masculinity. #Gamergate discussions across social media platforms illustrate how Gamergaters produce and reproduce this gendered identity. Gamergaters perceive themselves as crusaders, under siege from critics they pejoratively refer to as SJWs (social justice warriors). By leveraging social media for concern-trolling about gaming as an innocuous masculine pastime, Gamergaters situate the heterosexual White male as both the typical gamer and the real victim of #Gamergate. #Gamergate is a specific and virulent online node in broader discussions of privilege, difference, and identity politics. Gamergaters are an instructive example of how social media operate as vectors for public discourses about gender, sexual identity, and equality, as well as safe spaces for aggressive and violent misogyny.
Navigating Online Selves: Social, Cultural, and Material Contexts of Social Media Use by Diasporic Gay Men
Authors: Dhoest Alexander , Szulc Lukasz
Published: October 2016

Social media not only create new opportunities but also pose new challenges for the ways people navigate their online selves. As noted by boyd, social media are characterized by unique dynamics such as collapsed contexts, implying that one’s distinct offline social worlds meet online. This creates particular challenges for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people, at least those who find it crucial to maintain distinct contexts in which they disclose or conceal their gender and/or sexual selves. However, the existing scholarship on social media use by LGBTQs is predominantly anchored in English-language Western contexts and tends to lose sight of the cultural specificities of Internet use. Therefore, in this article, we build on the scholarship to further investigate the role of context for disclosing or concealing gender and/or sexual selves online. More specifically, we ask, “How do social, cultural, and material contexts affect the ways LGBTQs navigate their selves on social media?” To investigate this question, we analyze in-depth face-to-face interviews with gay men who themselves, or whose parents, migrated to Belgium. Because their migration background forces them to negotiate different social, cultural, and material contexts, our focus on diasporic gay men helps to bring out the issue of context in social media use.
Complications of Distal Biceps Tendon Repair
Authors: Amin Nirav H. , Volpi Alex , Lynch T. Sean , Patel Ronak M. , Cerynik Douglas L. , Schickendantz Mark S. , Jones Morgan H.
Published: October 2016

Background:

Anatomic reinsertion of the distal biceps is critical for restoring flexion and supination strength. Single- and double-incision surgical techniques have been reported, analyzing complications and outcomes measures. Which technique results in superior clinical outcomes and the lowest associated complications remains unclear.

Hypothesis:

We hypothesized that rerupture rates would be similar between the 2 techniques, while nerve complications would be higher for the single-incision technique and heterotopic ossification would be more frequent with the double-incision technique.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed, MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), SPORTSDiscus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases to identify articles reporting distal biceps ruptures up to August 2013. We included English-language articles on adult patients with a minimum of 3 cases reporting single- and double-incision techniques. Frequencies of each complication as a percentage of total cases were calculated. Fisher exact tests were used to test the association between frequencies for each repair method, with P < .05 considered statistically significant. Odds ratios with 95% CIs were also computed.

Results:

A total of 87 articles met the inclusion criteria. Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve neurapraxia was the most common complication in the single-incision group, occurring in 77 of 785 cases (9.8%). Heterotopic ossification was the most common complication in the double-incision group, occurring in 36 of 498 cases (7.2%).

Conclusion:

The overall frequency of reported complications is higher for single-incision distal biceps repair than for double-incision repair. The frequencies of rerupture and nerve complications are both higher for single-incision repairs while the frequency of heterotopic ossification is higher for double-incision repairs. These findings can help surgeons make better-informed decisions about surgical technique and provide their patients with detailed information about expected outcomes and possible complications.
Cognitive Compensation of Speech Perception With Hearing Impairment, Cochlear Implants, and Aging
Authors: Başkent Deniz , Clarke Jeanne , Pals Carina , Benard Michel R. , Bhargava Pranesh , Saija Jefta , Sarampalis Anastasios , Wagner Anita , Gaudrain Etienne
Published: October 2016

External degradations in incoming speech reduce understanding, and hearing impairment further compounds the problem. While cognitive mechanisms alleviate some of the difficulties, their effectiveness may change with age. In our research, reviewed here, we investigated cognitive compensation with hearing impairment, cochlear implants, and aging, via (a) phonemic restoration as a measure of top-down filling of missing speech, (b) listening effort and response times as a measure of increased cognitive processing, and (c) visual world paradigm and eye gazing as a measure of the use of context and its time course. Our results indicate that between speech degradations and their cognitive compensation, there is a fine balance that seems to vary greatly across individuals. Hearing impairment or inadequate hearing device settings may limit compensation benefits. Cochlear implants seem to allow the effective use of sentential context, but likely at the cost of delayed processing. Linguistic and lexical knowledge, which play an important role in compensation, may be successfully employed in advanced age, as some compensatory mechanisms seem to be preserved. These findings indicate that cognitive compensation in hearing impairment can be highly complicated—not always absent, but also not easily predicted by speech intelligibility tests only.
Contribution of Infrastructure to Output Growth in India
Authors: Bajar Sumedha , Rajeev Meenakshi
Published: October 2016

This article examines the effect of infrastructure on output performance of India taking into consideration different types of infrastructure facilities and also creating indices of infrastructure using principal component analysis. The methodology involves time series techniques where Granger causality is also tested to determine the nature of relationship between infrastructure and output using the Toda-Yamamoto two-step procedure for non-stationary variables. The results indicate that for India there exist unidirectional relationship from infrastructure to output and the impact of the same was then determined. Upon considering the impact of growth rate of various infrastructure indicators, it is found that electricity and telecommunication growth rates have had significant and positive impact on output growth. The coefficient for electricity generation is 0.35 and of tele-density growth rate is 0.15. These results are significant considering that to ensure and enhance the growth potential of Indian economy, care must be taken to remove any bottlenecks in the provisioning of these infrastructure variables and to further improve upon the delivery of these infrastructure sectors.
Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment Inflows in BRICS Nations: A Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Gupta Priya , Singh Archana
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study is to determine the most significant factors that lead to continuous rise in the foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in the five most emerging economies of the world, that is, Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS). The present study employs panel data regression analysis to find out the most significant determinants affecting the FDI inflows in BRICS countries as a whole. Under this technique, all the three regression models, that is, common constant (ordinary least square [OLS]), fixed effects, and random effects are tested to explore the determinants of FDI in BRICS countries over a period of 31 years, that is, 1983–2013 (except for Russia whose data is available from 1995–2013 for the selected variables in the study). The empirical results of the modified random effects model reveal that industrial production index (IPI), inflation rates, unemployment rates, trade openness and real effective exchange rate (REER) are significant at 1 percent significance level whereas labor cost is statistically significant at 10 percent significance level which means that these are the most significant determinants in attracting FDI inflows in BRICS countries. This study is significant because there are various researchers who have contributed to the literature of determinants of FDI but there is hardly any study which documents the factors attracting FDI inflows in BRICS countries covering a long period of more than three decades.
Mechanistic insights into the manganese-dependent phosphodiesterase activity of yeast Dbr1 with bis-p-nitrophenylphosphate and branched RNA substrates
Authors: Schwer Beate , Khalid Fahad , Shuman Stewart
Published: October 2016

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dbr1 is a manganese-dependent RNA debranching enzyme that cleaves the 2′-5′ phosphodiester bond of the lariat introns formed during pre-mRNA splicing. Dbr1 is a member of the binuclear metallophosphoesterase enzyme superfamily. We showed previously via alanine scanning that RNA debranching in vivo and in vitro depends on conserved active site residues His13, Asp40, Asn85, His86, His179, His231, and His233. Here, by extending the alanine scan, we added Cys11 to the ensemble of essential active site components. We report that Dbr1 has a vigorous manganese-dependent phosphodiesterase activity with the non-RNA substrate bis-p-nitrophenylphosphate. Whereas RNA debranching requires His86, bis-p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity does not. We interpret these and other structure-activity relations reported here in light of the crystal structures of Entamoeba Dbr1 and other homologous binuclear metallophosphodiesterases. Our results suggest that (i) Dbr1 adheres to the two-metal mechanism of the enzyme superfamily, but is distinguished by its reliance on a Cys11-Xaa-His13 motif to engage one of the catalytic metals instead of the Asp-Xaa-His element typical of other clades within the superfamily; (ii) His86 is a general acid catalyst that protonates the O2′ leaving group of the RNA 2′-5′ phosphodiester; and (iii) the favorable pKa of p-nitrophenol elides the strict need for a general acid during hydrolysis of bis-p-nitrophenylphosphate. The Dbr1 bis-p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity is well suited for high-throughput screening for inhibitors of debranching.
A process evaluation of the WHiTE Two trial comparing total hip arthroplasty with and without dual mobility component in the treatment of displaced intracapsular fractures of the proximal femur
Authors: Huxley C. , Achten J. , Costa M. L. , Griffiths F. , Griffin X. L.
Published: October 2016

Objectives

The annual incidence of hip fracture is 620 000 in the European Union. The cost of this clinical problem has been estimated at 1.75 million disability-adjusted life years lost, equating to 1.4% of the total healthcare burden in established market economies. Recent guidance from The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) states that research into the clinical and cost effectiveness of total hip arthroplasty (THA) as a treatment for hip fracture is a priority. We asked the question: can a trial investigating THA for hip fracture currently be delivered in the NHS?

Methods

We performed a contemporaneous process evaluation that provides a context for the interpretation of the findings of WHiTE Two – a randomised study of THA for hip fracture. We developed a mixed methods approach to situate the trial centre within the context of wider United Kingdom clinical practice. We focused on fidelity, implementation, acceptability and feasibility of both the trial processes and interventions to stakeholder groups, such as healthcare providers and patients.

Results

We have shown that patients are willing to participate in this type of research and that surgeons value being part of a team that has a strong research ethos. However, surgical practice does not currently reflect NICE guidance. Current models of service delivery for hip fractures are unlikely to be able to provide timely total hip arthroplasty for suitable patients.

Conclusions

Further observational research should be conducted to define the population of interest before future interventional studies are performed. Cite this article: C. Huxley, J. Achten, M. L. Costa, F. Griffiths, X. L. Griffin. A process evaluation of the WHiTE Two trial comparing total hip arthroplasty with and without dual mobility component in the treatment of displaced intracapsular fractures of the proximal femur: Can a trial investigating total hip arthroplasty for hip fracture be delivered in the NHS? Bone Joint Res 2016;5:444–452. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.510.BJR-2015-0008.R1.
Differentiating Styles of Alteration within Kaolin-Alunite Hydrothermal Deposits of Çanakkale, NW Turkey
Authors: Ercan Hatice Ünal , Ece Ö. Işik , Schroeder Paul A. , Karacik Zekiye
Published: October 2016

The Biga Peninsula of NW Turkey is host to many kaolin and halloysite deposits with mineralization occurring at the intersections of fault zones in contact with Late Eocene-Miocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks. Distinguishing between the relative overprinting of hypogene by supergene processes in these deposits is a challenge and important because they affect the physical-chemical properties of minerals and their potential for industrial applications. This study examines the Sarıbeyli-Sığırlı and Bodurlar kaolin deposits in NW Turkey, which were formed from similar volcanics as evidenced by 40Ar/39Ar. Late Eocene (34.2 ± 0.20 Ma) to Early Oligocene (32.7 ± 0.17 Ma) ages for both primary volcanic rocks and alunites are consistent with surrounding rocks in the Çanakkale region. Criteria used to distinguish hypogene alteration from supergene alteration processes come from X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), and elemental analyses. Isotopic δ18O depletion and δD enrichment of the Sarıbeyli-Sığırlı deposit suggests that it was more influenced by magmatic waters than was the Bodurlar deposit. The Bodurlar deposit contains a paucity of dickite compared to the Sarıbeyli-Sığırlı deposit, which is evidenced by lower TGA endotherms, higher ratios of XRD intensities for reflections at 1.316 Å and 1.307 Å, distinctive FTIR absorbance bands at 3620 cm− 1 and 3652 cm−1, and relative Raman intensities of the γ1 and γ5 vibrational modes.

A genetic model is proposed whereby these deposits are mainly formed through an acid-sulfate hydrothermal alteration, in what appears to be a volcanic-hydrothermal system. The extent of hydrothermal alteration was controlled by fault density and the initial texture of the volcanic rocks. These steam-heated environments included sulfide-enriched vapors and groundwater mixed to varying degrees in the vadose zone. The Sarıbeyli-Sığrlı and Bodurlar deposits, respectively, contain mineral assemblages that reflect both hypogene (kaolinite, alunite, dickite) and supergene (kaolinite, halloysite, jarosite) processes. These observations offer a basis for comparing and discriminating the relative influence of these two important alteration processes responsible for the formation of kaolin deposits in NW Turkey and around the world.
Influence of Aqueous Si and Fe Speciation on Tetrahedral Fe(III) Substitutions in Nontronites: A Clay Synthesis Approach
Authors: Baron Fabien , Petit Sabine , Tertre Emmanuel , Decarreau Alain
Published: October 2016

Most dioctahedral 2:1 swelling clays in natural systems contain ferric iron, Fe(III), which can be located in both the tetrahedral and the octahedral sheets. The distribution of Fe(III) between octahedral and tetrahedral sites in nontronite depends on the Fe and Si speciation during nontronite synthesis. The role played by the chemical properties of solutions in the Fe(III) distribution between structural sites was studied through nontronite syntheses. A chemical series of Fe(III)-nontronites with variable tetrahedral [4]Fe(III) content (x) ([Si4-xFe(III)x]Fe(III)2O10(OH)2Nax) was synthesized at 150°C across a range of initial aqueous pH values between 11 and 14. The permanent layer charge, due to Fe(III)-for-Si(IV) tetrahedral substitutions only, ranged from 0.43 to as high as 1.54 per half-unit cell. A d063̄3 value of 1.562 Å was measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) for the highest charged nontronite (x = 1.54). This high d063̄3 value has not been reported in the literature for a dioctahedral smectite until now. The [4]Fe(III) content (x) of the synthetic nontronites, estimated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) through the wavenumber of the main stretching vSi-O band, was correlated with synthesis pH and its influence on calculated aqueous Si speciation. The increase in synthesis pH induced the increase in anionic aqueous Si species ratios (i.e. H3Si4(aq)− and H2Si4(aq)−), and favored the incorporation of Fe(III) in tetrahedral sites of synthesized nontronites. During nontronite formation in natural systems, the level of tetrahedral Fe(III)-for-Si(IV) substitutions may, therefore, be partly linked to the aqueous Si speciation and thus strongly dependent on the pH of the crystallization fluids.
Diagnostic Design: A Framework for Activating Civic Participation through Urban Media
Authors: McArthur Ian , Tomitsch Martin
Published: October 2016

This research examines how participatory design, data visualization and urban informatics can be combined to add long-term social, cultural and economic value to urban planning in Australian cities. As smart cities, Internet of Things (IoT), urban screens and media architecture attract increasing attention globally, researchers, governments, urban planners, curators and designers are questioning how they can support sustainable urban development, civic innovation and economic productivity through community engagement and social participation. However, the longterm social, cultural and commercial potential of urban media to vitally augment precinct development is dependent on cities having the tools to engage stakeholders with a sense of participation grounded in openness, transparency and inclusion. As yet these tools do not exist in any consolidated form. Research conducted at The Concourse in Willoughby, NSW, suggests that meaningfully engaging interactive polling content deployed on a combination of tablet interfaces for data entry in concert with live screening of the public interactive space creates an effective balance between private and public aspects of civic participation. On the basis of the findings of this study we propose a framework that enables participatory citizen engagement to foster thriving urban communities and ‘smart’ development. Additionally, we discuss how participatory urban media benefits business as a key community stakeholder. This diagnostic approach builds sustainable value for all stakeholders allowing for a closer alignment between the objectives of new developments and the preferences, needs and expectations of the citizens who will live and work in them.
Design Innovation: A Tool for Value-Adding to the Papua New Guinea Balsa Wood Industry
Authors: Kotlarewski Nathan J. , Kuys Blair , Thong Christine
Published: October 2016

In recent times the Papua New Guinea (PNG) balsa wood industry has increased in global volume and value, offering employment to a significant number of individuals in East New Britain (ENB) Province. The PNG balsa industry previously relied on China’s renewable wind energy industry for rotor blade manufacturing, which was claimed to be the largest consumer of processed balsa from PNG. Since the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) the Chinese demand for PNG balsa has significantly reduced, resulting in a mass over-supply and under-demand for the PNG resource. A lack of design innovation has added to the current market conundrum and left many smallholders unable to sell their balsa, leading to widespread financial hardship. It has come to the attention of the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and many stakeholders that if there are no new applications for balsa there is no point continuing to grow the resource for a market that is not consuming it. Design innovation generated through research-led industrial design practice is argued as a key element in value-adding to the PNG balsa industry and smallholder businesses. The use of research to inform the design process and generate design innovation is demonstrated through a case study as an attempt to rectify the current over-supply and under-demand.
The T-Shirt: The (post-9/11) discomfort of strangers
Authors: Zambenedetti Alberto
Published: October 2016

A multi-layered film, The T-Shirt investigates the relationship between violence and ideology in American society, tackling how the insidious reach of Americanization via the global dissemination of popular culture and iconography can result in vastly different understandings of US culture and its foreign policies.
Strangeness of the familiar
Authors: Andreescu Florentina C.
Published: October 2016

The T-Shirt stages a confrontation, through the encounter between Tomas and Mark, of two distinct worlds which share a number of essential commonplaces, but nevertheless structure them according to different centres of authority. The confrontation takes deep ontological dimensions challenging one of the protagonists’ identity and world-view.
An in-between place
Authors: Goldson Annie
Published: October 2016

The beach in New Zealand exemplifies a normative ideal, where families frolic their way through endless summers. A short, seemingly simple and discordant film, The Beach challenges this normativity, revealing how affectionate fathers can also be brutes, and how boys worry about what they themselves might become.
Cruel summer: Decoding subtext through shot design in The Beach
Authors: Dubois Derek
Published: October 2016

This article argues that Dorthe Scheffmann’s filmic style, specifically the use of mise-en-scène and cinematography, adds additional layers of meaning to the story of two intimate friends in a startling dramatic conflict.
A feminist politics of the everyday in The Beach
Authors: Richter Nicole
Published: October 2016

Culturally, the family is often treated as a protected space. The public/private dichotomy shields family violence from the outside world. The Beach breaks down the public/private dichotomy by exposing how silence perpetuates violence. It offers a vision of ‘physical feminism’ in an everyday setting, encouraging women to fight back.
The musical framing of The Beach
Authors: Have Iben
Published: October 2016

The Beach is framed by a musical theme. But although the musical expression remains consistent, our reception of the music changes radically depending on whether it is heard at the beginning or at the end of the film, when it emphasizes the experience of Simon’s lost innocence.
Nonidentical relations of skew-symmetric forms: Generation of closed exterior forms. Discrete transitions. Connection between field-theory equations and nonidentical relations
Authors: Petrova Ludmila
Published: October 2016

Nonidentical relations of skew-symmetric differential forms, which basis are non-integrable deforming manifolds follow from differential equations. From nonidentical relations closed exterior forms are obtained. The process of obtaining closed exterior forms describes the discrete transitions and the emergence of structures and observable formations such as waves, vertices, and turbulent pulsations. It is shown that the field theory equations (by Schroedinger, Maxwell, Einstein and others) turns to be nonidentical relations, obtained from the mathematical physics equations for material media such as the cosmologic systems, the systems of charged particles and others.
Desarrollo de una escala para medir prácticas docentes para involucrar a las familias en la educación en México
Authors: Cuervo Alberto Valdés , Martínez Ernesto Alonso Carlos , Murrieta Maricela Urías , Amezaga Teodoro Rafael Wendlandt
Published: October 2016

Se establecieron propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento para medir desde la perspectiva de los padres el uso por docentes de prácticas para involucrar a los padres en la educación de los hijos. Participaron en el estudio 640 padres de familia de estudiantes de 11 primarias públicas de un estado del noroeste de México, 390 (60.9%) madres y 250 (39.1%) padres. Los resultados sugieren un buen ajuste del modelo de medición del constructo integrado por las dimensiones de apoyo al aprendizaje, comunicación con la escuela y colaboración con la escuela y comunidad (c2 = 52.99, p= .011; c2/gl= 1.656; SRMR= .05; GFI= .95; CFI= .97; RMSEA= .043 IC 90 [.032-.066]). Esta escala presenta evidencias de validez concurrente al explicar una parte significativa de la frecuencia de participación de los padres en la educación (F= 63.74, p< .001; R2= .23). Se concluyó que el instrumento puede ser utilizado en el diagnóstico de las prácticas docentes de educación primaria para fomentar la participación de los padres en la educación de los hijos en México.