bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA Hypermethylation and Inflammatory Markers in Incident Japanese Dialysis Patients
Authors: Kato Sawako , Lindholm Bengt , Stenvinkel Peter , Ekström Tomas J. , Luttropp Karin , Yuzawa Yukio , Yasuda Yoshinari , Tsuruta Yoshinari , Maruyama Shoichi
Published: June 2012

Background/Aims: Inflammation is an established mortality risk factor in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Although a previous report showed that uremic Caucasian patients with inflammation had signs of global DNA hypermethylation, it is still unknown whether DNA hypermethylation is linked to inflammatory markers including a marker of bacterial infections in Japanese CKD patients. Methods: In 44 consecutive incident dialysis patients (26 males, mean age 59 ± 12 years) without clinical signs of infection, global DNA methylation was evaluated in peripheral blood DNA using the HpaII/MspI ratio by the luminometric methylation assay method. A lower ratio of HpaII/MspI indicates global DNA hypermethylation. Procalcitonin (PCT), a marker of inflammation due to bacterial infections, was measured using an immunochromatographic assay. Results: The patients were divided into hyper- and hypomethylation groups based on the median value of the HpaII/MspI ratio 0.31 (range 0.29–0.37). Whereas patients in the hypermethylation group had higher ferritin levels [133.0 (51.5–247.3) vs. 59.5 (40.0–119.0) ng/ml; p = 0.046], there were no significant differences in age, gender, diabetes, smoking, anemia or serum albumin levels. However, the HpaII/MspI ratio showed significant negative correlations with PCT (ρ = –0.32, p = 0.035) and ferritin (ρ = –0.33, p = 0.027) in Spearman’s rank test. In a multiple linear regression analysis, PCT and ferritin were associated with a lower HpaII/MspI ratio (R2 = 0.24, p = 0.013). Conclusion: In this study, global DNA hypermethylation was associated with ferritin and, most likely, PCT, suggesting that inflammation induced by subclinical bacterial infection promoted DNA methylation.
The Major Leukocyte Chemotactic and Activating Factors in the Mouse Gut Lumen Are Not N-Formylpeptide Receptor 1 Agonists
Authors: Ojode Teresa , Schneider Erich H. , Tiffany H. Lee , Yung Sunny , Gao Ji-Liang , Murphy Philip M.
Published: June 2012

Cultured bacteria release N-formylpeptides, which are potent chemoattractants for phagocytic leukocytes acting at G-protein-coupled receptors FPR1 and FPR2. However, the distribution and immunologic activity of these molecules at mucosal surfaces, where large numbers of bacteria are separated from the immune system by epithelium, remain undefined. To investigate this for the gut, we tested leukocyte responses to cell-free gut luminal contents from C57Bl/6 mice fed a chow diet. Small and large intestine contents were able to compete with labeled N-formylpeptide for binding to FPR1, indicating the presence of FPR1 ligands in the gut lumen. Material from both small and large intestine induced robust calcium flux responses by primary FPR1+ leukocytes (mouse bone marrow cells and splenocytes and human peripheral blood neutrophils and mononuclear cells), as well as chemotactic responses by both mouse bone marrow cells and human peripheral blood neutrophils. However, unlike defined N-formylpeptides, calcium flux responses induced by gut luminal contents were insensitive both to pertussis toxin treatment of leukocytes and to proteinase K digestion of the samples. Moreover, the gut samples were fully active on neutrophils from mice lacking Fpr1, and the kinetics of the calcium flux response differed markedly for neutrophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The active factor(s) could be dialyzed using a 3.5-kDa pore size membrane. Thus, mouse intestinal lumen contains small, potent and highly efficacious leukocyte chemotactic and activating factors that may be distinct from neutrophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells and distinct from Fpr1 agonists.
Interplay of Coronary Artery Calcification and Traditional Risk Factors for the Prediction of All-Cause Mortality in Asymptomatic Individuals
Authors: Nasir Khurram , Rubin Jonathan , Blaha Michael J. , Shaw Leslee J. , Blankstein Ron , Rivera Juan J. , Khan Atif N. , Berman Daniel , Raggi Paolo , Callister Tracy , Rumberger John A. , Min James , Jones Steve R. , Blumenthal Roger S. , Budoff Matthew J.
Published: June 2012

Background—

Current guidelines recommend the use of coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring for intermediate-risk patients; however, the potential role of CAC among individuals who have no risk factors (RFs) is less established. We sought to examine the relationship between the presence and burden of traditional RFs and CAC for the prediction of all-cause mortality.

Methods and Results—

The study cohort consisted of 44 052 consecutive asymptomatic individuals free of known coronary heart disease referred for computed tomography for the assessment of CAC. The following RFs were considered: (1) current cigarette smoking, (2) dyslipidemia, (3) diabetes mellitus, (4) hypertension, and (5) family history of coronary heart disease. Patients were followed for a mean of 5.6±2.6 years for the primary end point of all-cause mortality. Among individuals who had no RF, Cox proportional model adjusted for age and sex identified that increasing CAC scores were associated with 3.00- to 13.38-fold higher mortality risk. The lowest survival rate was observed in those with no CAC and no RF, whereas those with CAC≥400 and ≥3 RFs had the highest all-cause fatality rate. Notably, individuals with no RF and CAC≥400 had a substantially higher mortality rate compared with individuals with ≥3 RFs in the absence of CAC (16.89 versus 2.72 per 1000 person-years).

Conclusions—

By highlighting that individuals without RFs but elevated CAC have a substantially higher event rates than those who have multiple RFs but no CAC, these findings challenge the exclusive use of traditional risk assessment algorithms for guiding the intensity of primary prevention therapies.
Polyvascular Disease and Long-Term Cardiovascular Outcomes in Older Patients With Non–ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Subherwal Sumeet , Bhatt Deepak L. , Li Shuang , Wang Tracy Y. , Thomas Laine , Alexander Karen P. , Patel Manesh R. , Ohman E. Magnus , Gibler W. Brian , Peterson Eric D. , Roe Matthew T.
Published: June 2012

Background—

The impact of polyvascular disease (peripheral arterial disease [PAD] and cerebrovascular disease [CVD]) on long-term cardiovascular outcomes among older patients with acute myocardial infarction has not been well studied.

Methods and Results—

Patients with non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction aged ≥65 years from the CRUSADE (Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines) registry who survived to hospital discharge were linked to longitudinal data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (n=34 205). All patients were presumed to have coronary artery disease (CAD) and were classified into the following 4 groups: 10.7% with prior CVD (CAD+CVD group); 11.5% with prior PAD (CAD+PAD); 3.1% with prior PAD and CVD (CAD+PAD+CVD); and 74.7% with no polyvascular disease (CAD alone). Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to examine the hazard of long-term mortality and composite of death or readmission for myocardial infarction or stroke (median follow-up, 35 months; interquartile range, 17–49 months). Compared with the CAD alone group, patients with polyvascular disease had greater comorbidities, were less likely to undergo revascularization, and received less often recommended discharge interventions. Three-year mortality rates increased with number of arterial bed involvement as follows: 33% for CAD alone, 49% for CAD+PAD, 52% for CAD+CVD, and 59% for CAD+PAD+CVD. Relative to the CAD alone group, patients with all 3 arterial beds involved had the highest risk of long-term mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI], 1.49 [1.38–1.61]; CAD+CVD, 1.38 [1.31–1.44]; CAD+PAD, 1.29 [1.23–1.35]). Similarly, the risk of long-term composite ischemic events was highest among patients in the CAD+PAD+CVD group.

Conclusions—

Among older patients with non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction, those with polyvascular disease have substantially higher long-term risk for recurrent events or death. Future studies targeting greater adherence to secondary prevention strategies and novel therapies are needed to help to reduce long-term cardiovascular events in this vulnerable population.
Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Motor Functions in Patients With Stroke
Authors: Hsu Wan-Yu , Cheng Chia-Hsiung , Liao Kwong-Kum , Lee I-Hui , Lin Yung-Yang
Published: June 2012

Background and Purpose—

The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of studies that investigated the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on upper limb motor function in patients with stroke.

Methods—

We searched for randomized controlled trials published between January 1990 and October 2011 in PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, and CINAHL using the following key words: stroke, cerebrovascular accident, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. The mean effect size and a 95% CI were estimated for the motor outcome and motor threshold using fixed and random effect models.

Results—

Eighteen of the 34 candidate articles were included in this analysis. The selected studies involved a total of 392 patients. A significant effect size of 0.55 was found for motor outcome (95% CI, 0.37–0.72). Further subgroup analyses demonstrated more prominent effects for subcortical stroke (mean effect size, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.44–1.02) or studies applying low-frequency rTMS (mean effect size, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.42–0.95). Only 4 patients of the 18 articles included in this analysis reported adverse effects from rTMS.

Conclusions—

rTMS has a positive effect on motor recovery in patients with stroke, especially for those with subcortical stroke. Low-frequency rTMS over the unaffected hemisphere may be more beneficial than high-frequency rTMS over the affected hemisphere. Recent limited data suggest that intermittent theta-burst stimulation over the affected hemisphere might be a useful intervention. Further well-designed studies in a larger population are required to better elucidate the differential roles of various rTMS protocols in stroke treatment.
Neural Stem Cells Genetically Modified to Overexpress Cu/Zn-Superoxide Dismutase Enhance Amelioration of Ischemic Stroke in Mice
Authors: Sakata Hiroyuki , Niizuma Kuniyasu , Wakai Takuma , Narasimhan Purnima , Maier Carolina M. , Chan Pak H.
Published: June 2012

Background and Purpose—

The harsh host brain microenvironment caused by production of reactive oxygen species after ischemic reperfusion injury offers a significant challenge to survival of transplanted neural stem cells (NSCs) after ischemic stroke. Copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is a specific antioxidant enzyme that counteracts superoxide anions. We have investigated whether genetic manipulation to overexpress SOD1 enhances survival of grafted stem cells and accelerates amelioration of ischemic stroke.

Methods—

NSCs genetically modified to overexpress or downexpress SOD1 were administered intracerebrally 2 days after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Histological and behavioral tests were examined from Days 0 to 28 after stroke.

Results—

Overexpression of SOD1 suppressed production of superoxide anions after ischemic reperfusion injury and reduced NSC death after transplantation. In contrast, downexpression of SOD1 promoted superoxide generation and increased oxidative stress-mediated NSC death. Transplantation of SOD1-overexpressing NSCs enhanced angiogenesis in the ischemic border zone through upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor. Moreover, grafted SOD1-overexpressing NSCs reduced infarct size and improved behavioral performance compared with NSCs that were not genetically modified.

Conclusions—

Our findings reveal a strong involvement of SOD1 expression in NSC survival after ischemic reperfusion injury. We propose that conferring antioxidant properties on NSCs by genetic manipulation of SOD1 is a potential approach for enhancing the effectiveness of cell transplantation therapy in ischemic stroke.
Helping Other CEOs Avoid Bad Press
Authors: Westphal James D. , Park Sun Hyun , McDonald Michael L. , Hayward Mathew L. A.
Published: June 2012

In this study, we examine the determinants and consequences of impression management (IM) support in communications between CEOs and journalists, whereby CEOs of other firms provide positive statements about a focal CEO’s leadership and strategy and/or external attributions for low performance at the focal CEO’s firm. Drawing from social exchange theory, our theoretical perspective suggests how IM support may result from norms of reciprocity among corporate leaders. We consider the potential for direct and generalized reciprocity in the provision of IM support, including generalized reciprocity in which CEOs who received IM support previously pay the support forward to another third-party CEO, and a second form of generalized reciprocity in which CEOs reciprocate IM support to fellow CEOs whom they believe have given similar support to other CEOs in the past. We also draw from the social psychological literature on persuasion to suggest why IM support for another CEO may have a more positive influence on the tenor of journalists’ coverage about the firm’s leadership than impression management by the CEO about his or her own leadership and strategy. We test our hypotheses with data from large and mid-sized public U.S. companies from 1999 to 2007, including original survey data from a large sample of CEOs and journalists. The results supported our hypotheses, and additional findings suggested that the apparent effects of impression management by leaders and staff about their own firms following a negative earnings surprise may be partially attributable to the effects of IM support.
Relationships Between Ethnic Minority Psychological Associations and Counseling Psychology
Authors: Forrest Linda , Lau Michael Y. , Delgado-Romero Edward A.
Published: June 2012

In this rejoinder the authors respond to the three reactions to the major contribution, “Ethnic Minority Psychological Associations: Connections to Counseling Psychology,” provided by Chung and Wu, Neville, Flores, and Dobson, and Yakushko, Wang, and Warrior. In their thoughtful reactions, these current and past leaders of the Society of Counseling Psychology (SCP) furthered the dialogue and offered additional insights into the relationship between Ethnic Minority Psychological Associations (EMPAs) and SCP. In the authors’ rejoinder they focus on (a) the commonalities across these reactions and (b) the unique contribution of each reaction. Each of the reactions offered a new framework (or analogy) for how the EMPAs and SCP can work together to advance a social justice agenda.
The Asian American Psychological Association
Authors: Alvarez Alvin N. , Singh Anneliese A. , Wu Jenny
Published: June 2012

This article provides an overview of the Asian American Psychological Association (AAPA). A brief history is provided, followed by current status and resources, connections to counseling psychology, and implications for the Society of Counseling Psychology and for the future of the AAPA. AAPA was created in 1972 in response to psychology’s neglect of practice and research concerns within Asian American communities and the emergence of “Asian Americans” as a political and personal identity rooted in the shared experiences of different Asian ethnic groups. Since then, the association has been at the forefront of advancing Asian American psychology and the interests of Asian American psychologists. AAPA ties with counseling psychology can be evidenced by significant overlap of professional values and goals and leading counseling psychologists actively involved in both AAPA and Division 17. The article discusses some of the existing resources within AAPA and points out existing collaborations and ideas for future collaborations with Division 17.
The National Latina/o Psychological Association
Authors: Chavez-Korell Shannon , Delgado-Romero Edward A. , Illes Roseanne
Published: June 2012

This article addresses the re-founding of the National Hispanic Psychological Association into the National Latina/o Psychological Association. A brief history is provided, followed by current status and resources, connections to counseling psychology, and implications for the Society of Counseling Psychology and for the future of the National Latina/o Psychological Association.
The Interrelationship Between the Society of Indian Psychologists and Counseling Psychology
Authors: Gray Jacqueline S. , Carter Paula M. , LaFromboise Teresa D. , BigFoot Dolores Subia
Published: June 2012

Over the past four decades, the Society of Indian Psychologists (SIP) has grown from a small network of indigenous psychologists and students to a well-established network among the ethnic minority psychology organizations. SIP embraces both Western psychology and indigenous values of cooperation, group harmony, respect, generosity, careful listening, and observation—values shared by the field of counseling psychology. This article examines the interrelationship between SIP and counseling psychology, given their shared beliefs in social justice and culturally competent research, training, and service. Some of the early history of SIP is presented as well as the landmark moments for the organization.
Division 45
Authors: Morales Eduardo , Lau Michael Y. , Ballesteros Andrea
Published: June 2012

This article covers the Society for the Psychological Study of Ethnic Minority Psychology, Division 45 of the American Psychological Association (APA) in understanding the relationship of ethnic minority psychological associations with Division 17. A brief history is provided, followed by current status and resources, connections to counseling psychology, and implications for Division 17 for the future of Division 45. Like Division 17, Division 45 is a division within the American Psychological Association and was formed in 1986 in response to the lack of support to advance issues related to ethnic minority psychology throughout the APA. Despite this tense history between the two divisions, both share significant core values, interests, and goals. There are close ties between the two divisions, in terms of memberships as well as scholarly and professional activities. We discuss potential implications for a deeper connection while maintaining unique identities between the two divisions.
Ethnic Minority Psychological Associations and the Society of Counseling Psychology
Authors: Lau Michael Y. , Forrest Linda , Delgado-Romero Edward A.
Published: June 2012

This article provides a summary of the Major Contribution on the Ethnic Minority Psychological Associations (Asian American Psychological Association, The Association of Black Psychologists, National Latina/o Psychological Association, Society of Indian Psychologists, and American Psychological Association Division 45) and their connections to counseling psychology and the Society of Counseling Psychology. An overview and highlights of common themes are provided and seven recommendations for future connections are explored. This article is one of seven articles that are part of a special issue of The Counseling Psychologist focused on the relationship between the five major Ethnic Minority Psychological Associations (EMPAs) and the Society of Counseling Psychology.
Massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPG): Association between its addiction, self-control and mental disorders among young people in Vietnam
Authors: Son Dinh Thai , Yasuoka Junko , Poudel Krishna C. , Otsuka Keiko , Jimba Masamine
Published: June 2012

Aims:

To explore the association between MMORPG addiction and mental health status, and between self-control ability and mental health status among young male MMORPG players in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 10 computer game rooms were randomly selected out of 77 in five communes in Hanoi. From these game rooms, 350 MMORPG players were purposively recruited as a study group, of whom 344 completed the questionnaire. In the same five communes, 344 non-players were selected as a control group. An online game addiction scale, a self-control scale and the Vietnamese SRQ-20 were used to measure the degree of MMORPG addiction, self-control ability and level of mental disorders.

Results:

MMORPG players had significantly higher mental disorders scale scores than non-players ( p < .001). The strongest positive correlation was detected between MMORPG addiction scale scores and mental disorders scale scores ( r = 0.730, p < .001). Self-control scale scores were negatively associated with mental disorders scale scores ( r = -0.345, p < .001). The average amount of money spent on games per month, MMORPG addiction scale score and self-control scale score were considered the best predictors of a higher mental disorders scale score.

Conclusion:

Young, male MMORPG players with higher addiction scores were more likely to have higher mental disorders scale scores, and such mental status was negatively associated with the level of self-control in Hanoi, Vietnam. Closer attention should be paid to prevent mental disorders among MMORPG players.
Self-stigma and attitudes about treatment in depressed patients in a hospital setting
Authors: Gaudiano Brandon A , Miller Ivan W
Published: June 2012

Aims:

Many patients have stigma about depression, which may inhibit treatment seeking. However, most previous research in this area has been conducted in outpatient samples. The current study investigated self-stigma and its relationship with treatment beliefs in depressed patients receiving psychiatric hospital treatment.

Method:

The sample consisted of 55 hospitalized patients with depressive disorders who completed measures of self-stigma, medication beliefs, psychotherapy beliefs and depression.

Results:

Multiple regression analyses controlling for demographic variables demonstrated that higher depression severity was associated with increased self-stigma related to treatment and having depression. Higher self-stigma about treatment was associated with more negative beliefs about psychiatric medications, but more positive beliefs about psychotherapy. In contrast, self-stigma about depression was associated with negative beliefs about medications, but not psychotherapy.

Conclusions:

Psychiatric hospital treatment, particularly in the USA, emphasizes medication treatment while de-emphasizing evidence-based psychosocial interventions. Individuals with negative views about psychiatric medications and positive views about the value of psychotherapy have higher treatment self-stigma, which may discourage them from seeking hospital treatment when needed or negatively affect their treatment response.
From self-care to hospitalization: Bipolar patients’ health care practices in Mexico
Authors: Vargas-Huicochea Ingrid , Berenzon-Gorn Shoshana
Published: June 2012

Background:

New research is continually improving the comprehension of bipolar disorder (BD). However, many challenges remain to be addressed, such as understanding the health care practices (HCPs) chosen by bipolar patients and the determinants of seeking treatment.

Material:

Using a qualitative approach, we studied the HCPs of six patients with BD through focused interviews.

Discussion:

Even patients who report using primarily allopathic care usually test out and combine different HCPs.

Conclusion:

Pathways to care in BD are composed of a combination of HCPs because patients need to develop a stock of potential treatment alternatives to deal with the suffering involved in living with BD.
Porosity and cycling retention in composite-based three-dimensional disc electrodes for Li ion battery
Authors: Ahn Cheol-Woo , Hahn Byung-Dong , Park Dong-Soo , Sung Yung-Eun
Published: June 2012

The three-dimensional disc structure was designed for the anode of Li ion battery. It consisted of Cu (or Ag)–CoO composites. The phase transition of cobalt oxide from CoO to Co3O4 and high porosity were responsible for its high capacity and the poor cycling retention in Ag-based three-dimensional disc electrode. On the contrary, Cu-based three-dimensional disc electrode, which did not show any phase transition and had comparatively low porosity, showed excellent cycling retention and high capacity.
Cultural Diversity and the Formation of Identity
Authors: Fitzpatrick Kate R.
Published: June 2012

This article encourages music teachers to consider the complexity of their students’ cultural identities and the role these identities play in the formation of students’ self-concept. The musical heritage students bring to the classroom may provide a rich foundation of experience for teaching and learning music. Readers are challenged to consider their own cultural backgrounds and experiences for possible preconceptions that may affect the classroom. Culturally relevant pedagogy is discussed as a way to improve the connection between school music curricula and student cultural identity, with specific suggestions and resources provided for the refinement of both curricular content and teaching.
Performing Our World
Authors: Hoffman Adria R.
Published: June 2012

This article describes a culturally responsive music curriculum through which students and teachers affirmed diverse stories of individuals present in our public school community. An arts-integrated curriculum project helped make learning more meaningful while concurrently creating a safe learning space for students. This grant-funded project comprised three interwoven facets: a schoolwide focus on world cultures and U.S. immigrant populations throughout the academic year; community celebrations of student learning through arts-based, experiential activities; and a core group of students who met weekly with teaching artists each week to disseminate knowledge via community informances. The themes connecting disciplines, content areas, and the school community served as lenses through which students gained artistic and academic skills as well as conceptual understandings about elements of language, culture, and community.
The Skin that We Sing
Authors: Shaw Julia
Published: June 2012

This article describes ways that music education can be made more culturally responsive, or congruent with the orientations of culturally diverse students. Music education in the United States has historically been based on Eurocentric frameworks that may no longer be applicable in an increasingly multicultural society. For the many teachers charged with the responsibility of teaching students from backgrounds other than their own, there is a demonstrated need to develop pedagogical practices that respond to cultural diversity. In response to this need, this article builds on an abundance of literature addressing culturally responsive pedagogy in general education to apply the principles specifically to choral music education. In addition to describing culturally responsive approaches to repertoire selection, rehearsal technique, and curriculum design, the article discusses how choral music education can go beyond a surface treatment of diverse repertoire to one that develops students’ sociopolitical competence and empowers them toward social action.
Assessing the Organizational Culture in a Jail Setting
Authors: Stohr Mary K. , Hemmens Craig , Collins Peter A. , Iannacchione Brian , Hudson Marianne , Johnson Hailey
Published: June 2012

The culture of an organization shapes much that occurs in that environment. Leaders who are oblivious of their organizational culture are less likely to succeed. Organization members who do not understand the culture may be vulnerable to its more negative influences. Assessing the key attributes of an organizational culture in an agency is a tricky but important enterprise. In this research, we pre-tested an instrument that could be used, in tandem with others, to assess the organizational culture of a criminal justice agency’s (in this case a jail). We focused on the perceptions of the ‘lower level’ workers in this organization.
An Institutional Framework for the Study of the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Lee JoAnn S.
Published: June 2012

The transition to adulthood has received the attention of scholars, practitioners, and policy makers in recent years. For some, the transition is an extended period during which commitments to adulthood institutions are delayed, termed emerging adulthood. For others, the transition is brief and commitments to adulthood institutions begin without delay, termed accelerated adulthood. Institutions play an important role in accumulating advantages or disadvantages for individuals, influencing the likelihood of an emerging or accelerated adulthood. This article introduces an institutional framework that explores the link between institutional forces and individual outcomes. This article proposes the concept, institutional constellation, which is the specific set of institutions operating in an individual’s life, and their lived experience of/within that institutional constellation. The degree of integration within the institutional constellation and the degree to which the institutional constellation is aligned to dominant social norms influence the resources that will accumulate advantages or disadvantages for an individual.
Early-Phase Outcomes from a Randomized Trial of Intensive Judicial Supervision in an Australian Drug Court
Authors: Jones Craig G. A.
Published: June 2012

This study examined the short-term outcomes from a randomized trial of intensive judicial supervision (IJS) in an Australian drug court. One hundred thirty-six participants were randomly allocated into IJS or supervision-as-usual (SAU) conditions. The IJS group reported back to the judge twice weekly during Phase 1, and the SAU group reported back weekly. IJS participants had lower odds of returning positive urinalysis tests and accumulated fewer sanctions (accrued days in custody) than those in the SAU group. There was no significant difference in the rate at which sanctions were served in prison, time spent on the program, progression to later program phases, or likelihood of graduating from the program, although there was low statistical power to detect differences in these latter outcomes. Intensively supervising drug court participants clearly reduces early-phase substance use and sanction accrual rates. The impact of IJS on longer-term outcomes remains to be seen.
Who Is Training Behind the Wall?
Authors: Magaletta Philip R. , Patry Marc W. , Norcross John C.
Published: June 2012

Despite the critical inmate need for correctional mental health services, little attention is paid to those in training to provide such services. The present study fills this gap by examining, across 25 years, 896 predoctoral psychology interns who matched for and completed a 1-year federal corrections internship. Student characteristics, their graduate training programs, and postinternship hiring outcomes are presented. More women and students with prior clinical experience in criminal justice settings have, through the years, entered into internships in correctional settings. Outcome data suggest that more than half the graduate students find employment in correctional settings after completion of internship and that having criminal justice experiences prior to internship and receiving training in more urban locations was related to such hires. Implications for training and recruiting a strong psychology services workforce in corrections are discussed.
How Are Iraq/Afghanistan-Era Veterans Faring in the Labor Market?
Authors: Humensky Jennifer L. , Jordan Neil , Stroupe Kevin T. , Hynes Denise M.
Published: June 2012

This study examines labor market status of Veterans of the Iraq/Afghanistan-era and previous eras, and variations by age and by health status, using the Current Population Survey (CPS) March supplement from 2006 to 2011. Although this observational study does not demonstrate a causal effect of military service on labor market outcomes, the authors find that Iraq/Afghanistan-era service among the youngest Veterans (ages 18–24) was associated with higher earnings and greater odds of being enrolled in school, but also higher odds of unemployment. Military service in previous eras by older Veterans, particularly those in fair or poor health, was associated with higher odds of unemployment and lower earnings than their nonveteran counterparts. Future research should examine the reasons for the higher unemployment rates of the youngest Veterans and should examine whether receipt of services such as health care services, disability benefits, and military reintegration programs are associated with improved labor market outcomes.
Managing Diabetes From First Diagnosis
Authors: Kruger Davida F.
Published: June 2012

Purpose

A review of the pathophysiologic features of early type 2 diabetes mellitus, the benefits of early glycemic control, the concerns of patients that may influence treatment adherence, and how the use of newer treatment options are addressed.

Conclusion

Given the multifactorial nature of diabetes pathophysiology, early combination therapy incorporating agents with different mechanisms of action is advocated. Medication side effects and risks influence patients’ treatment choices. These concerns include hypoglycemia, weight gain, and fears of treatment failure. With the increasing complexity of therapy regimens for diabetes, the role of diabetes educators includes recommending therapy, counseling about adverse effects, monitoring for contraindications, identifying therapeutic duplication, as well as discussion of new agents to optimize patient outcomes. A case study is used to describe the process of choosing well-tolerated therapies at first diagnosis.
Managing Diabetes in the Middle-Aged Patient When Loss of Glycemic Control Occurs
Authors: Peters Anne
Published: June 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to review the treatment of a patient with type 2 diabetes who is commonly seen in practice—specifically, a middle-aged obese patient with micro- and macrovascular complications whose A1C rises after therapeutic intervention. Discussion of glucose management, as well as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity comorbidities, is included.

Conclusion

The key to successful treatment is individualization of targets and therapeutic choices. GLP-1 receptor agonists have been shown to be effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, including aiding with A1C reduction and weight loss. Using a combination of old and new treatments for the management of diabetes can help to improve outcomes.
How a Tolerant Past Affects the Present
Authors: Smeekes Anouk , Verkuyten Maykel , Poppe Edwin
Published: June 2012

Three studies, conducted in the Netherlands, examined the relationship between a tolerant representation of national history and the acceptance of Muslim expressive rights. Following self-categorization theory, it was hypothesized that historical tolerance would be associated with greater acceptance of Muslim expressive rights, especially for natives who strongly identify with their national in-group. Furthermore, it was predicted that the positive effect of representations of historical tolerance on higher identifiers’ acceptance could be explained by reduced perceptions of identity incompatibility. The results of Study 1 confirmed the first hypothesis, and the results of Study 2 and Study 3 supported the second hypothesis. These findings underline the importance of historical representations of the nation for understanding current reactions toward immigrants. Importantly, the results show that a tolerant representation of national history can elevate acceptance of immigrants, especially among natives who feel a relatively strong sense of belonging to their nation.
Dietary Fish Oil Aggravates Paracetamol‐Induced Liver Injury in Mice
Authors: de Meijer Vincent E. , Kalish Brian T. , Meisel Jonathan A. , Le Hau D. , Puder Mark
Published: June 2012

Background: Paracetamol (APAP) hepatotoxicity remains the leading cause of drug‐induced liver failure. Fish oil, which contains ω‐3 fatty acids, has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in several models of liver disease. Evidence for its use in APAP intoxication, however, is conflicting. The effects of fish oil supplementation on APAP‐induced liver failure were investigated. Methods: Ten C57BL6/J mice were fed a diet based on menhaden fish oil (MEN) or soybean oil (SOY) for 3 weeks followed by APAP intoxication. In a second experiment, the prefeeding period was reduced to 5 days. In a third experiment, 10 mice received the study diets for 3 weeks, after which they received chronic, low‐dose APAP administration for another 4 weeks. Finally, 10 mice received oral parenteral nutrition supplemented with either intravenous (IV) soybean‐based or fish oil–based lipid emulsion for 19 days, followed by APAP intoxication. Results: The extent of hepatocellular necrosis (3.8 ± 0.2 vs 2.8 ± 0.2; P = .021) and serum alanine aminotransferase values (2807 ± 785 vs 554 ± 141 IU/L; P = .048) were significantly elevated in mice fed a MEN diet compared with SOY‐diet fed controls. Long‐term, low‐dose APAP administration did not lead to liver injury irrespective of study diet. Pretreatment with soybean‐ or fish oil–based IV lipid emulsions followed by APAP intoxication demonstrated no significant differences in hepatic injury between groups. Conclusion: Within therapeutic ranges, APAP is harmless to the liver irrespective of dietary fat composition. IV use of fish oil did not increase APAP‐induced hepatotoxicity, but animals fed a fish oil–based diet were more susceptible, rather than resistant, to APAP‐induced hepatotoxicity.
The Convergence Communication Scale
Authors: Miller-Day Michelle , Jackson Amber Walker
Published: June 2012

A rational-theoretical approach to scale development was employed to develop and evaluate a scale to measure submissive communication in personal relationships. A convergence communication pattern compels submissive relational partners to interpret the world around them in ways consistent with dominant partners. This study was guided by two aims: (1) to develop a valid and reliable measure of convergence communication – the Convergence Communication Scale – and (2) to conduct a preliminary examination of the effects of convergence communication on submissive partners’ mental health. A measurement instrument was developed (α = .95) and tested in two separate administrations ( N = 379; N = 373), revealing associations between convergence communication, depression, and learned helplessness for both males and females, predicting depression specifically for females.
Pick me up
Authors: Lewandowski Gary W. , Ciarocco Natalie J. , Pettenato Michelle , Stephan Jessica
Published: June 2012

The success of a relationship initiation strategy, such as a pick-up line or opening gambit, may depend on the target’s state receptivity. Self-control is a limited resource that, when depleted, can potentially influence interpersonal interactions. The present research examines whether ego depletion can influence receptivity to various types of opening gambits. To accomplish this, 99 currently single participants either wrote a story with several restrictions (ego-depletion group) or wrote without restrictions (non-depletion group), and then read direct, innocuous, or cute opening gambits. Following each type of gambit, participants rated their receptivity by indicating how likely they would be to continue to talk to the initiator, view the initiator positively, and give the initiator their phone number. As predicted, analyses revealed that those who participated in the ego-depletion task were significantly less receptive to cute opening gambits and there was a trend of being more receptive to innocuous opening gambits, relative to the non-depletion group. Ego depletion did not influence direct gambits.
Life and death in the borderlands: Indian sovereignty and military impunity
Authors: Mathur Shubh
Published: June 2012

This article looks at the operation of Indian national security and counter-insurgency laws in the border regions of Manipur and Kashmir. It focuses, in particular, on the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA; in effect in Manipur since 1980 and in Kashmir since 1990), which gives the army wide-ranging powers of search, arrest, seizure, destruction of houses and the right to shoot to kill to maintain public order, without civilian or judicial oversight. Two cases challenging AFSPA are examined. Irom Sharmila, a Manipuri poet, has been on a fast-to-death for the repeal of AFSPA since 2000, to protest against the killing of civilians by Indian troops. In Kashmir, in the case of Masooda Parveen v Union of India, the widow of Ghulam Mohi-ud-din Regoo petitioned the Indian Supreme Court for compensation for the wrongful death of her husband, a businessman who was detained, tortured and killed by Indian security forces in 1998. In 2007, the Indian Supreme Court dismissed Masooda Parveen’s petition, upholding the army’s right to kill on suspicion, and denying any safeguards for civilians in Kashmir by invoking AFSPA. In the light of such cases, this article questions the nature of sovereignty, whether such laws are compatible with international human rights and with the practice of democracy in India.
‘To make a better world tomorrow’: St. Clair Drake and the Quakers of Pendle Hill
Authors: Rosa Andrew
Published: June 2012

This article is part of a larger project by the author to record St. Clair Drake’s contribution to the black radical tradition. Here he examines Drake’s involvement with the Quakers in the early years of the Depression. Drawing on writings in African American and Popular Front periodicals of the time, it considers how a Quaker community shaped Drake’s identity as an intellectual activist and how his encounter suggests the ways in which black intellectuals engaged with non-violence as a philosophy and strategy for social change before the civil rights movement. Drake’s participation in non-violent campaigns for workers’ rights, world peace and an end to racial discrimination and violence reflects the Quakers’ sustained interest in African American affairs well beyond the anti-slavery movement. His eventual break with the Quakers underscores Drake’s practice of constantly pushing boundaries in his search for the most effective means to transform society at the grassroots, as he journeyed across the Atlantic world.
After Lawrence: racial violence and policing in the UK
Authors: Burnett Jon
Published: June 2012

As the UK celebrates the conviction of two men for the racist murder nineteen years ago of Stephen Lawrence, the author draws on research into racial violence being carried out by the Institute of Race Relations to show that violence is still at very high levels and is becoming dispersed to new areas. The Macpherson Report may have brought in changes to police practices, but violent, popular racism, encouraged by wider government policies, such as the war on terror, is still a national scandal.
Patterns of Cognitive Self-Regulation of Adolescent Struggling Writers
Authors: de Milliano Ilona , van Gelderen Amos , Sleegers Peter
Published: June 2012

This study examines the relationship between patterns of cognitive self-regulatory activities and the quality of texts produced by adolescent struggling writers ( N = 51). A think-aloud study was conducted involving analyses of self-regulatory activities concerning planning, formulating, monitoring, revising, and evaluating. The study shows that the writing processes of adolescent struggling writers have much in common with “knowledge telling” as defined by Bereiter and Scardamalia (1987). Nevertheless, there are interesting differences among the individual patterns. First, it appears that adolescent struggling writers who put more effort in planning and formulation succeed in writing better texts than do their peers. Furthermore, self-regulation of these better-achieving writers is quite varied in comparison to the others. Therefore, it seems that within this group of struggling writers, self-regulation does make a difference for the quality of texts produced. Consequently, some recommendations can be made for the stimulation of diverse self-regulatory activities in writing education for this special group of students.
Using a Healing Touch Intervention in Older Adults With Persistent Pain
Authors: Decker Sheila , Wardell Diane Wind , Cron Stanley G.
Published: June 2012

The purposes of this pilot study were to determine the feasibility of using a Healing Touch (HT) intervention with noncommunity-dwelling older adults experiencing persistent pain and to determine an HT protocol. Data were collected at multiple time points from 20 noncommunity-dwelling older adults experiencing pain. Residents were assigned to the HT group that included techniques specific for pain or a Presence Care group. Outcome variables included measures for pain, activities of daily living, and quality of life. The pain measures showed decreases that were not statistically significant for both groups. The measure for activities of daily living showed a non–statistically significant improvement over time for the HT group. Quality of life decreased for the HT group and improved for the Presence Care group although not significantly. The practitioners were able to complete all seven of the 30- minute HT sessions. The findings indicated that both groups showed some improvement in their pain scores with other measures being variable. HT is a feasible intervention for the elderly with pain. Overall, the findings highlight the complex nature of pain in older adults.
Minimizing the cycle time in multiple-dwell cams
Authors: Flocker Forrest W , Bravo Ramiro H
Published: June 2012

Presented in this article are closed-form kinematic equations that give the minimum cycle time for multiple-dwell cam-follower systems subject to acceleration and jerk constraints set by the user. Cam-driven machines are used extensively in manufacturing because of their low cost, great precision and high production rates when compared with alternatives. Since they are frequently used in mass production operations, there is a need for minimizing their cycle time to increase manufacturing throughput and reduce capital costs for machines and facilities. Their widespread use means that there is the potential for significant improvement in overall manufacturing efficiency. The incorporation of acceleration and jerk limits in the kinematic formulation ensures minimal cycle time without compromising the operational limits of the manufacturing machines. The equations are given in a form suitable for spreadsheet or equation-solver programs, making it easy for the cam designer to generate an arbitrary number of data points for cam manufacturing. Multiple-dwell cams are particularly well suited for manufacturing operations; therefore, the intended audience of this paper is cam designers in the manufacturing sector.