bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gestion de classe et gestion de soi
Authors: Cantin Bob
Published: April 2023

D’entrée de jeu, laissez-moi lever mon chapeau à vous qui oeuvrez avec coeur et passion dans ce merveilleux monde de l’enseignement. Je sais combien vous êtes dévoués et précieux. Je suis conscient que vous faites de votre mieux, avec la meilleure des intentions, à chaque fois que vous prenez place dans vos milieux. Les relations harmonieuses sont essentielles en gestion de classe et gestion de soi. Elles nous offrent cette belle opportunité de conserver adéquatement nos énergies et d’enseigner dans un climat de confiance où l’ambiance positive favorise des terrains d’apprentissages fertiles et prometteurs.
Évaluation transdisciplinaire d’un nouveau modèle théorique d’habileté socioaffective : la compétence pathémique
Authors: Josselin Matthieu
Published: April 2023

Avec l’augmentation de l’attention globale sur la qualité des relations humaines, les habiletés socioaffectives sont au coeur de nombreuses préoccupations sociétales, scientifiques et curriculaires. Ces préoccupations ont donné lieu à de nombreuses conceptualisations multidisciplinaires, et une réflexion transdisciplinaire permettrait de participer à la mise en lien de ces savoirs et de proposer possiblement des pistes plus opérationnelles pour l’éducation aux habiletés socioaffectives. Cet article étaye cette problématique et propose d’évaluer le potentiel transdisciplinaire et opératoire d’un modèle théorique enraciné issu d’une recherche doctorale bidisciplinaire : la compétence pathémique. Théorisée à partir de verbatims d’explicitation, cette compétence fait état de la gestion socioaffective des expressions d’affect (verbales et corporelles) d’adultes en situation d’interaction interpersonnelle. Les résultats de cette recherche sont présentés et mis en parallèle avec des conceptualisations issues de différents champs disciplinaires, afin de proposer des pistes de théorisation générale et opératoire pour le développement socioaffectif des individus.
Single-cell analysis of the aged ovarian immune system reveals a shift towards adaptive immunity and attenuated cell function
Authors: Ben Yaakov Tal , Wasserman Tanya , Aknin Eliel , Savir Yonatan
Published: April 2023

The immune system plays a major role in maintaining many physiological processes in the reproductive system. However, a complete characterization of the immune milieu in the ovary, and particularly how it is affected by female aging, is still lacking. Here, we utilize single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry to construct the complete description of the murine ovarian immune system. We show that the composition of the immune cells undergoes an extensive shift with age towards adaptive immunity. We analyze the effect of aging on gene expression and chemokine and cytokine networks and show an overall decreased expression of inflammatory mediators together with an increased expression of senescent cells recognition receptors. Our results suggest that the fertile female’s ovarian immune aging differs from the suggested female post-menopause inflammaging as it copes with the inflammatory stimulations during repeated cycles and the increasing need for clearance of accumulating atretic follicles.
The single-cell chromatin accessibility landscape in mouse perinatal testis development
Authors: Suen Hoi Ching , Rao Shitao , Luk Alfred Chun Shui , Zhang Ruoyu , Yang Lele , Qi Huayu , So Hon Cheong , Hobbs Robin M , Lee Tin-lap , Liao Jinyue
Published: April 2023

Spermatogenesis depends on an orchestrated series of developing events in germ cells and full maturation of the somatic microenvironment. To date, the majority of efforts to study cellular heterogeneity in testis has been focused on single-cell gene expression rather than the chromatin landscape shaping gene expression. To advance our understanding of the regulatory programs underlying testicular cell types, we analyzed single-cell chromatin accessibility profiles in more than 25,000 cells from mouse developing testis. We showed that single-cell sequencing assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (scATAC-Seq) allowed us to deconvolve distinct cell populations and identify cis-regulatory elements (CREs) underlying cell-type specification. We identified sets of transcription factors associated with cell type-specific accessibility, revealing novel regulators of cell fate specification and maintenance. Pseudotime reconstruction revealed detailed regulatory dynamics coordinating the sequential developmental progressions of germ cells and somatic cells. This high-resolution dataset also unveiled previously unreported subpopulations within both the Sertoli and Leydig cell groups. Further, we defined candidate target cell types and genes of several genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals, including those associated with testosterone levels and coronary artery disease. Collectively, our data provide a blueprint of the ‘regulon’ of the mouse male germline and supporting somatic cells.
Mitotic chromosomes scale to nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and cell size in Xenopus
Authors: Zhou Coral Y , Dekker Bastiaan , Liu Ziyuan , Cabrera Hilda , Ryan Joel , Dekker Job , Heald Rebecca
Published: April 2023

During the rapid and reductive cleavage divisions of early embryogenesis, subcellular structures such as the nucleus and mitotic spindle scale to decreasing cell size. Mitotic chromosomes also decrease in size during development, presumably to scale coordinately with mitotic spindles, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here we combine in vivo and in vitro approaches using eggs and embryos from the frog Xenopus laevis to show that mitotic chromosome scaling is mechanistically distinct from other forms of subcellular scaling. We found that mitotic chromosomes scale continuously with cell, spindle, and nuclear size in vivo. However, unlike for spindles and nuclei, mitotic chromosome size cannot be reset by cytoplasmic factors from earlier developmental stages. In vitro, increasing nuclear-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio is sufficient to recapitulate mitotic chromosome scaling, but not nuclear or spindle scaling, through differential loading of maternal factors during interphase. An additional pathway involving importin α scales mitotic chromosomes to cell surface area/volume ratio (SA/V) during metaphase. Finally, single-chromosome immunofluorescence and Hi-C data suggest that mitotic chromosomes shrink during embryogenesis through decreased recruitment of condensin I, resulting in major rearrangements of DNA loop architecture to accommodate the same amount of DNA on a shorter chromosome axis. Together, our findings demonstrate how mitotic chromosome size is set by spatially and temporally distinct developmental cues in the early embryo.
Temperature sensitivity of the interspecific interaction strength of coastal marine fish communities
Authors: Ushio Masayuki , Sado Tetsuya , Fukuchi Takehiko , Sasano Sachia , Masuda Reiji , Osada Yutaka , Miya Masaki
Published: April 2023

The effects of temperature on interaction strengths are important for understanding and forecasting how global climate change impacts marine ecosystems; however, tracking and quantifying interactions of marine fish species is practically difficult especially under field conditions, and thus, how temperature influences their interaction strengths under field conditions remains poorly understood. We herein performed quantitative fish environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding on 550 seawater samples that were collected twice a month from 11 coastal sites for two years in the Boso Peninsula, Japan, and analyzed eDNA monitoring data using nonlinear time-series analytical tools. We detected fish-fish interactions as information flow between eDNA time series, reconstructed interaction networks for the top 50 frequently detected species, and quantified pairwise, fluctuating interaction strengths using nonlinear time series analysis methods. Although there was a large variation, water temperature generally influenced fish-fish interaction strengths. The impact of water temperature on interspecific interaction strengths varied among fish species, suggesting that fish species identity influences the temperature effects on interactions. For example, interaction strengths that
Halichoeres tenuispinis
and
Microcanthus stringatus
received strongly increased with water temperature, while those of
Engraulis japonicus
and
Girella punctata
decreased with water temperature. An increase in water temperature induced by global climate change may change fish interactions in a complex way, which consequently influences marine community dynamics and stability. Our research demonstrates a practical research framework to study the effects of environmental variables on interaction strengths of marine communities under field conditions, and thus, would contribute to further understanding and predicting natural marine ecosystem dynamics.
Cryo-EM structure of the endothelin-1-ETB-Gi complex
Authors: Sano Fumiya K , Akasaka Hiroaki , Shihoya Wataru , Nureki Osamu
Published: April 2023

The endothelin ETB receptor is a promiscuous G-protein coupled receptor that is activated by vasoactive peptide endothelins. ETB signaling induces reactive astrocytes in the brain and vasorelaxation in vascular smooth muscle. Consequently, ETB agonists are expected to be drugs for neuroprotection and improved anti-tumor drug delivery. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the endothelin-1-ETB-Gi complex at 2.8 Å resolution, with complex assembly stabilized by a newly established method. Comparisons with the inactive ETB receptor structures revealed how endothelin-1 activates the ETB receptor. The NPxxY motif, essential for G-protein activation, is not conserved in ETB, resulting in a unique structural change upon G-protein activation. Compared with other GPCR-G-protein complexes, ETB binds Gi in the shallowest position, further expanding the diversity of G-protein binding modes. This structural information will facilitate the elucidation of G-protein activation and the rational design of ETB agonists.
Discovery of lipid binding sites in a ligand-gated ion channel by integrating simulations and cryo-EM
Authors: Bergh Cathrine , Rovšnik Urška , Howard Rebecca , Lindahl Erik
Published: April 2023

Ligand-gated ion channels transduce electrochemical signals in neurons and other excitable cells. Aside from canonical ligands, phospholipids are thought to bind specifically to the transmembrane domain of several ion channels. However, structural details of such lipid contacts remain elusive, partly due to limited resolution of these regions in experimental structures. Here, we discovered multiple lipid interactions in the channel GLIC by integrating cryo-electron microscopy and large-scale molecular simulations. We identified 25 bound lipids in the GLIC closed state, a conformation where none, to our knowledge, were previously known. Three lipids were associated with each subunit in the inner leaflet, including a buried interaction disrupted in mutant simulations. In the outer leaflet, two intrasubunit sites were evident in both closed and open states, while a putative intersubunit site was preferred in open-state simulations. This work offers molecular details of GLIC-lipid contacts particularly in the ill-characterized closed state, testable hypotheses for state-dependent binding, and a multidisciplinary strategy for modeling protein-lipid interactions.
The ATM-E6AP-MASTL axis mediates DNA damage checkpoint recovery
Authors: Li Yanqiu , Wang Feifei , Li Xin , Wang Ling , Yang Zheng , You Zhongsheng , Peng Aimin
Published: April 2023

Checkpoint activation after DNA damage causes a transient cell cycle arrest by suppressing cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). However, it remains largely elusive how cell cycle recovery is initiated after DNA damage. In this study, we discovered the upregulated protein level of MASTL kinase hours after DNA damage. MASTL promotes cell cycle progression by preventing PP2A/B55-catalyzed dephosphorylation of CDK substrates. DNA damage-induced MASTL upregulation was caused by decreased protein degradation, and was unique among mitotic kinases. We identified E6AP as the E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediated MASTL degradation. MASTL degradation was inhibited upon DNA damage as a result of the dissociation of E6AP from MASTL. E6AP depletion reduced DNA damage signaling, and promoted cell cycle recovery from the DNA damage checkpoint, in a MASTL-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that E6AP was phosphorylated at Ser-218 by ATM after DNA damage and that this phosphorylation was required for its dissociation from MASTL, the stabilization of MASTL, and the timely recovery of cell cycle progression. Together, our data revealed that ATM/ATR-dependent signaling, while activating the DNA damage checkpoint, also initiates cell cycle recovery from the arrest. Consequently, this results in a timer-like mechanism that ensures the transient nature of the DNA damage checkpoint.
The effects of caloric restriction on adipose tissue and metabolic health are sex- and age-dependent
Authors: Suchacki Karla J , Thomas Benjamin J , Ikushima Yoshiko M , Chen Kuan-Chan , Fyfe Claire , Tavares Adriana AS , Sulston Richard J , Lovdel Andrea , Woodward Holly J , Han Xuan , Mattiucci Domenico , Brain Eleanor J , Alcaide-Corral Carlos J , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Gray Gillian A , Whitfield Phillip D , Stimson Roland H , Morton Nicholas M , Johnstone Alexandra M , Cawthorn William P
Published: April 2023

Caloric restriction (CR) reduces the risk of age-related diseases in numerous species, including humans. CR’s metabolic effects, including decreased adiposity and improved insulin sensitivity, are important for its broader health benefits; however, the extent and basis of sex differences in CR’s health benefits are unknown. We found that 30% CR in young (3-month-old) male mice decreased fat mass and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, whereas these effects were blunted or absent in young females. Females’ resistance to fat loss was associated with decreased lipolysis, energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation, and increased postprandial lipogenesis, compared to males. The sex differences in glucose homeostasis were not associated with differential glucose uptake but with altered hepatic ceramide content and substrate metabolism: compared to CR males, CR females had lower TCA cycle activity and higher blood ketone concentrations, a marker of hepatic acetyl-CoA content. This suggests that males use hepatic acetyl-CoA for the TCA cycle whereas in females it accumulates, stimulating gluconeogenesis and limiting hypoglycaemia during CR. In aged mice (18-months old), when females are anoestrus, CR decreased fat mass and improved glucose homeostasis similarly in both sexes. Finally, in a cohort of overweight and obese humans, CR-induced fat loss was also sex- and age-dependent: younger females (<45 years) resisted fat loss compared to younger males while in older subjects (>45 years) this sex difference was absent. Collectively, these studies identify age-dependent sex differences in the metabolic effects of CR and highlight adipose tissue, the liver and oestrogen as key determinants of CR’s metabolic benefits. These findings have important implications for understanding the interplay between diet and health, and for maximising the benefits of CR in humans.
Proposal for an objective binary benchmarking framework that validates each other for comparing MCDM methods through data analytics
Authors: Baydaş Mahmut , Eren Tevfik , Stević Željko , Starčević Vitomir , Parlakkaya Raif
Published: April 2023

When it comes to choosing the best option among multiple alternatives with criteria of different importance, it makes sense to use multi criteria decision making (MCDM) methods with more than 200 variations. However, because the algorithms of MCDM methods are different, they do not always produce the same best option or the same hierarchical ranking. At this point, it is important how and according to which MCDM methods will be compared, and the lack of an objective evaluation framework still continues. The mathematical robustness of the computational procedures, which are the inputs of MCDM methods, is of course important. But their output dimensions, such as their capacity to generate well-established real-life relationships and rank reversal (RR) performance, must also be taken into account. In this study, we propose for the first time two criteria that confirm each other. For this purpose, the financial performance (FP) of 140 listed manufacturing companies was calculated using nine different MCDM methods integrated with step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA). İn the next stage, the statistical relationship between the MCDM-based FP final results and the simultaneous stock returns of the same companies in the stock market was compared. Finally, for the first time, the RR performance of MCDM methods was revealed with a statistical procedure proposed in this study. According to the findings obtained entirely through data analytics, Faire Un Choix Adéquat (FUCA) and (which is a fairly new method) the compromise ranking of alternatives from distance to ideal solution (CRADIS) were determined as the most appropriate methods by the joint agreement of both criteria.
Annual changes in biomass amount and feeding potential of shrubby rangelands in maquis formation
Authors: Alatürk Fırat , Hanoğlu Oral Hülya , Gökkuş Ahmet , Ali Baboo
Published: April 2023

Background

This study evaluated the extent to which the endemic herbaceous and woody species of shrubby rangelands met the roughage needs of grazing animals throughout the year.

Methods

The biomass, botanical composition, and quality of hay were investigated in the shrubby rangelands in Paşaköy of the Ayvacık districts in Çanakkale over the course of a year. Plant samples were taken from the herbaceous species monthly and from the grazing parts of the shrubs in May and November.

Results

The total amount of biomass (hay + shrub) in the rangeland was found to be 30.448 kg/ha. Shrubs made up 18.78% of the rangeland, while the annual species comprised 54.96%, and perennial herbs covered 26.26% of the total biomass. Crude protein (CP) ratios of herbaceous species decreased continuously from March (13.58%) to September (6.73%), and then increased. A similar change was also seen in pure ash (PA) ratios. The CP ratios in the shrub species were high in spring and decreased in autumn and there was an irregular variation in PA rates. Oak had the highest PA ratio during the spring, while thuja had the highest ratio in autumn, and Juniperus oxycedrus during the winter months. In herbaceous species, cell wall components (NDF, ADF, and ADL) reached their highest levels in summer and decreased in spring and winter. However, in shrubs, these components varied according to the species and were generally lowest in spring and then increased in autumn and winter. Here, it was determined that year-round grazing is a suitable grazing system in the shrubby rangelands of the Mediterranean zone, and animals are able to find fresh forage in the rangelands due to the presence of shrubs. However, since the contribution of shrubs to the total forage production is low, additional roughage should be provided, except in the spring when the production and quality of hay increase. These practices may contribute to better livestock management.
Macroevolutionary patterns in intragenomic rDNA variability among planktonic foraminifera
Authors: Greco Mattia , Morard Raphaël , Darling Kate , Kucera Michal
Published: April 2023

Ribosomal intragenomic variability in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is a genomic feature commonly studied for its inflationary impact on molecular diversity assessments. However, the evolutionary mechanisms and distribution of this phenomenon within a microbial group are rarely explored. Here, we investigate the intragenomic variability in 33 species of planktonic foraminifera, calcifying marine protists, by inspecting 2,403 partial SSU sequences obtained from single-cell clone libraries. Our analyses show that polymorphisms are common among planktonic foraminifera species, but the number of polymorphic sites significantly differs among clades. With our molecular simulations, we could assess that most of these mutations are located in paired regions that do not affect the secondary structure of the SSU fragment. Finally, by mapping the number of polymorphic sites on the phylogeny of the clades, we were able to discuss the evolution and potential sources of intragenomic variability in planktonic foraminifera, linking this trait to the distinctive nuclear and genomic dynamics of this microbial group.
A narrative review on efficacy of homoeopathic medicine Pareira brava in urolithiasis.
Authors: Pathan Anjum , Mulla Sufiya Shahid , Prashant Gajendragadkar Manisha
Published: April 2023

Urolithiasis orNephrolithiasis commonly known as renal calculi, kidney stones, or urine calculi, are terms used to describe the disease of renal stones. Since many years, mankind has been afflicted with this condition, which, if left untreated, may progress to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). The multiple aetiology and risk factors of renal stone disease affect about 12% of the world's population. Understanding the process of stone production is extremely difficult because there are many different types of stones, including calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. The conventional medical system has used a variety of medications and procedures, including PCNL and ESWL, to treat urolithiasis. However, the rate of recurrence is remainshigh. Extracts from plants are now utilized to treat kidney stones. There is evidence that homoeopathic medications are employed as curative therapies as well. One of the treatments that homoeopaths usually recommend for kidney stone disease is Pareira Brava. Therefore, use of homoeopathic intervention is attempted in the current review in an effort to shed insight on the evolutionary changes in stone production technology and to lower the recurrence rate.
Microbiological Profile of Osteomyelitis and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Bacterial Isolates with Special Reference to MDR Strains at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Nigam Rohan , Yadav Suneet Kumar , Sujatha R , Bind Deepak Sameer , Afaq Nashra
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory process that affects bone due to the contiguous infection, direct inoculation, or haematogenous spread of microorganisms. It is an infectious disease that is difficult to diagnose and treatment is complex because of its heterogeneity, pathophysiology, clinical presentation and management. Aim: To determine microbiological profile osteomyelitis and antibiotic resistance pattern of bacterial isolates with special reference to Multidrug Resistance (MDR) strains. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology and Department of Orthopedics Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. A total of 100 samples from osteomyelitis cases were aerobically cultured and isolates from culture positives were identified by standard procedures. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) was done following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Staphylococcal isolates were screened for methicillin resistance and Gram negative bacilli were screened for MDR production. Results: Out of 100 samples, 76% were culture positive and 24% were culture negative. Males were more affected than females. Staphylococcal spp. (47.3%) was predominant, E. coli (14.4%) and Klebsiella spp. (11.8%), Pseudomonas spp. (9.2%), Proteus spp. (5.2%), Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) (3.9%). Among the MDR strains, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 44.4%. All the MDR Staphylococcal isolates were 100% sensitive for linezolid. Among the MDR Gram negative bacilli were Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBL) (50%), AmpC (17.6%) and Metallo Beta Lactamase (MBL) (14.7%) and they were 100% sensitive for polymixin B and colistin. Conclusion: The microbiological profile of osteomyelitis in the present study showed high prevalence of MRSA44% as the commonest agent, sensitive only to linezolid. E. coli ESBL (50%) and MBL-14.7% were sensitive only to colistin and polymixin B, therefore proper infection control practices and antibiotic policy has to be followed to reduce the incidence of MDR strains.
Evaluation of Awareness, Attitude, Practice and Barriers of Adverse Events Associated with Medical Devices among Medical Doctors of Gujarat, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Modi Krishna , Prajapati Vipul , Mehta Yash , Modi Himani , Malhotra Supriya
Published: April 2023

Introduction: In this era of technology, the use of medical devices for betterment of patients is rapidly rising. Along with the usage, adverse events also tend to occur more with these devices. Materiovigilance Program of India (MvPI) refers to close observation of medical device-related adverse events by a well-coordinated surveillance system of detection, collection, assessment, reporting, and prevention of those events. Aim: To evaluate the awareness, attitude, practice and barriers of adverse events associated with medical devices among doctors. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Sangini Hospital, Gujarat, India, among 174 doctors which included medical consultants, resident doctors and intern doctors for a duration of two months from 5th November 2022 to 5th January 2023. The questionnaire was administered containing 26 questions related to awareness, attitude, practice and barriers of materiovigilance. The responses were collected via social media platform. Analysis was done in percentages and numbers and using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 26.0. The p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Out of 174 responders, 106 (60.9%) were males, while 68 (39.1%) were females. Mean age in present study was 27±5.3 years. There were 54 consultants, 61 residents and 59 interns. Most of the participants (98.27%) were having positive attitude, whereas, 72.98% participants had knowledge about materiovigilance and 63.21% participants have reported adverse events related to devices. Overall Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of resident doctors was better, as compared to consultants and interns in the present study. Conclusion: Even though there was inadequate awareness and practice, optimism in attitude was found in participants. There is a need to conduct regular workshops and training sessions for doctors to make reporting feasible and easy to reduce mishaps due to medical devices in future.
Human accelerated regions: как некодирующая часть ДНК сделала нас людьми, "Природа"
Authors: Чвилёва А.С.
Published: April 2023

Что делает нас людьми Ответ на этот вопрос генетики пытаются найти в уникальных последовательностях ДНК, которые значительно изменились у современного человека по сравнению с его древним предком и сохранились у всех других позвоночных животных. На протяжении 6 млн лет эти последовательности, называемые в англоязычной литературе «human accelerated regions» (HARs), накапливали специфичные для человека мутации и закреплялись в популяции в результате положительного отбора. К настоящему времени стало известно, что HARs регулируют определенные гены, контролирующие эмбриональное развитие и нейрогенез у человека. В статье рассмотрены характеристики и функции HARs, а также эволюционный контекст некоторых психических расстройств и их связи с HARs.
КОСМИЗМ В РОССИЙСКОМ ИСКУССТВЕ ПЕРВОЙ ПОЛОВИНЫ XX ВЕКА, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: Петрова Е.Н.
Published: April 2023

Орусском космизме в науке и философии, как и о каждом из участников этого явления, написано достаточно много. В отличие от художников, чье творчество в целом или отчасти также было связано с идеями космизма. Однако в литературе о российском искусстве в этом контексте упоминаются всего лишь несколько имен – Микалоюс Чюрлёнис, Казимир Малевич, Василий Чекрыгин, Павел Филонов, группа под названием «Амаравелла» и некоторые другие. В действительности же художников, увлекавшихся космизмом, было больше. Они не составляли единого направления, не были объединены в какие-либо группы (кроме «Амаравеллы»). Отличаясь между собой темами и стилистикой, все они, тем не менее, не только верили в космическое будущее человечества, но искали путей в искусстве, соответствующих современным открытиям в науке. «Мы уходим в науку, – писал художник-авангардист Климент Редько. – …мы воспитываем свой разум, углубляем наблюдательность посредством анализов…»
ЗАГАДКИ “ПАТОМСКОГО КРАТЕРА”. Подземная база в глухой сибирской тайге, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Гарматюк В.
Published: April 2023

“Патомский кратер” находится в труднодоступном, отдалённом, безлюдном месте, на Патомском среднегорном массиве, примерно в 600 км на северо-восток от озера Байкал, в заросших лесами сопках Бодайбинского района Иркутской области. Для науки кратер был открыт геологом В. Колпаковым в 1949 г.
Biochemical Characterization and Responses of Two Contrasting Genotypes of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. to Salinity in a Hydroponic System
Authors: Jaikishun Sirpaul , Song Shikui , Yang Zhenbiao
Published: April 2023

Chenopodium quinoa is a promising species for future food security and combating climate change due to its nutritional content and halophytic nature. This study focuses on the temporal differential responses of the salt-tolerant (Chadmo) and the salt-sensitive (Kankolla) under control (CK) and 400 mM NaCl arranged under the randomised block designed (RBD). Biochemical features assessed and results indicate a significant difference (p<0.05) being identified by ANOVA and Tukey analyses in total chlorophyll (CHL), carotenoids (CAR), proline, glycine betaine (GB),  soluble sugars,  K+, Na+, K+/Na+ ratio, Mg2+ and Ca2+ in both genotypes between the CK and 400 mM NaCl. Na+ increased while K+ and the bivalent ions Mg2+ and Ca2+ decreased progressively with time points (CK and 24 h) in both genotypes but more pronounced in Kankolla. Proline increased by 24.45 and 18.63% between the CK and 24 h after exposure to 400 mM NaCl in Chadmo and Kankolla, respectively. Similarly, significant increases were observed in ABA, glycine betaine and soluble sugars from the CK to 24 h after exposure to 400 mM NaCl in both genotypes. Using these biochemical responses to salinity, Chadmo proved to be the better-performing genotype when exposed to 400 mM NaCl and hence identified as the salt-tolerant genotype.
Efforts to a Belief and Decolonize Global Health
Authors: Matagi Salim Omambia
Published: April 2023

The truth is always one: no matter the interpretations, versions, perceptions or perspectives. Supported by the majority of scientific or historical evidence the science of medicine existed an eon back and was trusted to heal and revert illnesses in addition to saving lives. The amount of finances consumed in the business aside, so much time has been and is being invested in trying to come up with better and improved diagnostic and therapeutic advances globally. Surprisingly even the rich do not trust conventional medicine a great deal, the bourgeois have the majority of their population believing in the concept and this was attributed to the fact that the majority of the bourgeois work so hard and some even imposter the rich. For better healthcare services, LMICs need to embrace and implement their data driven decisions and be the efficient leaders and managers in their own countries as they know and have an insight of their countries best. Evaluations, audits and case studies can be done by external expertise to lend hand in the strategies towards achieving the objective.
Assessment of Noise Pollution Levels at Major Motor Parks in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Udeh N. U. , Ugwoha E.
Published: April 2023

Two motor parks in Port Harcourt had their noise pollution levels examined. The motor parks at Waterlines and at Rumuokoro are among the busiest in the city and have a lot of nearby sources of noise. The relative humidity and temperature meters were used to measure the relative humidity and the temperature at the parks, respectively. The sound level meter was used to measure sound levels. A questionnaire was provided to 63 respondents (38 at Rumuokoro motor park and 25 at Waterlines based on willingness to participate) in order to get subjective data. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 was used to compute the noise descriptors. Pearson correlation was employed to assess the link between the measured dependent variable (noise level) and the independent variables (temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction). Results show that both motor parks have similar noise sources. The identified noise sources were loudspeakers from music shops, car engines, car horns, power generators, loud arguments, and advertising of products by vendors and hawkers. Additionally, preachers with megaphones and vulcanizers were found at Rumuokoro automobile park. In Waterlines motor park, the lowest and highest noise levels were 51.0 and 73.1 dBA, while it was 52.1 and 83.3 dBA in Rumuokoro motor park. The respondent's knowledge of noise's health effects was considered. While most respondents acknowledged that high noise levels affect work productivity and cause hearing problems, most rejected that high noise levels affected their communication and sleep. This shows that noise pollution and its effects on physical, social, and psychological health require better education.
Association of Physical Activity With SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Severe Clinical Outcomes Among Patients in South Korea
Authors: Lim YoHwan , Lee Myeong Hoon , Jeong Seogsong , Han Hyun Wook
Published: April 2023

Importance

The association of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with COVID-19 outcomes is unclear and needs to be investigated.

Objective

To identify the association of longitudinal changes in MVPA with SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 outcomes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This nested case-control study used data from 6 396 500 adult patients in South Korean who participated in National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) biennial health screenings from period 1 (2017-2018) to period 2 (2019-2020). Patients were followed from October 8, 2020, until the diagnosis of COVID-19 or December 31, 2021.

Exposure

Moderate to vigorous physical activity was measured by self-report on questionnaires during both NHIS health screenings and calculated by adding the frequency (times per week) of each moderate (≥30 minutes per day) and vigorous (≥20 minutes per day) physical activity.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were a positive diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 clinical events. Adjusted odds ratio (aORs) and 99% CIs were calculated using multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results

A total of 183 350 patients with COVID-19 (mean [SD] age, 51.9 [13.8] years; female, 89 369 [48.7%]; male, 93 981 [51.3%]) among 2 110 268 participants were identified. For participants with vs without COVID-19, the proportion of MVPA frequency at period 2 was 35.8% vs 35.9% for physically inactive, 18.9% vs 18.9% for 1 to 2 times per week, 17.7% vs 17.7% for 3 to 4 times per week, and 27.5% vs 27.4% for 5 or more times per week. Among unvaccinated, physically inactive patients at period 1, the odds for infection increased when engaged in MVPA 1 to 2 times per week (aOR, 1.08; 99% CI, 1.01-1.15), 3 to 4 times per week (aOR, 1.09; 99% CI, 1.03-1.16), or 5 or more times per week (aOR, 1.10; 99% CI, 1.04-1.17) at period 2. Conversely, among unvaccinated patients with MVPA of 5 or more times per week at period 1, the odds for infection decreased when engaged 1 to 2 times per week (aOR, 0.90; 99% CI, 0.81-0.98) or physically inactive (aOR, 0.80; 99% CI, 0.73-0.87) at period 2. The trend of MVPA and incident infection was mitigated when participants were fully vaccinated. Furthermore, the odds for severe COVID-19 showed significant but limited associations with MVPA.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this nested case-control study show a direct association of MVPA with risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which was mitigated after completion of the COVID-19 vaccination primary series. In addition, higher levels of MVPA were associated with a lower risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes to limited proportions.
Protective Effect of Modified Hemoglobin on Rabbits and Goats in High‐Altitude Sickness
Authors: Zhu Yu , Li Qinghui , Wu Yue , Peng Xiaoyong , Xiang Xinming , Lau Billy , Tzang Feichuen , Liu Liangming , Li Tao
Published: April 2023

The prevalence and severity of high‐altitude sickness increases with increasing altitude. Prevention of hypoxia caused by high‐altitude sickness is an urgent problem. As a novel oxygen‐carrying fluid, modified hemoglobin can carry oxygen in a full oxygen partial pressure environment and release oxygen in a low oxygen partial pressure environment. It is unclear whether modified hemoglobin can improve hypoxic injury on a plateau. Using hypobaric chamber rabbit (5000 m) and plateau goat (3600 m) models, general behavioral scores and vital signs, hemodynamic, vital organ functions, and blood gas are measured. The results show that the general behavioral scores and vital signs decrease significantly in the hypobaric chamber or plateau, and the modified hemoglobin can effectively improve the general behavioral scores and vital signs in rabbits and goats, and reduce the degree of damage to vital organs. Further studies reveal that arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) on the plateau decrease rapidly, and the modified hemoglobin could increase PaO2 and SaO2; thus, increasing the oxygen‐carrying capacity. Moreover, modified hemoglobin has few side effects on hemodynamics and kidney injury. These results indicate that modified hemoglobin has a protective effect against high‐altitude sickness.
Chiral Se Nanobrooms with Wavelength and Polarization Sensitive Scattering
Authors: Kwon Junyoung , Parton Thomas G. , Choi Youngeun , Lee Sang‐Gil , Frka‐Petesic Bruno , Lee Jaebeom , Vignolini Silvia , Yeom Jihyeon
Published: April 2023

High‐index dielectric nanostructures offer strong magnetic and electric resonances in the visible range and low optical losses, stimulating research interest in their use for light manipulation technologies. Lithographic fabrication of dielectric nanostructures, while providing precise control over the pattern dimensions, limits the scalability of this approach for practical applications due to an inefficient fabrication process and limited production quantity. Here, the colloidal synthesis of high‐index chiral dielectric nanostructures with a broom‐like geometry made from trigonal Se is demonstrated. The anisotropic morphology and crystal structure of Se nanobrooms enable both linearly and circularly polarized scattering, as well as spectrum variation along the particle axis, which is, to the authors’ knowledge, the first observation of such behavior from dielectric colloidal nanostructures. To show the versatility of the highly scattering Se NB suspensions, 2D and 3D printing of Se NB inks are demonstrated as a proof of concept. This approach provides a way to manipulate light using aqueous dispersions of high‐index dielectric nanostructures, unlocking their potential to fit in various morphologies and dimensions in 2D and 3D for broad applications.
Facile Zn2+ Desolvation Enabled by Local Coordination Engineering for Long‐Cycling Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ding Liyan , Wang Lei , Gao Jiechang , Yan Tianran , Li Hongtai , Mao Jing , Song Fei , Fedotov Stanislav , Chang Luo‐Yueh , Li Ning , Su Yuefeng , Liu Tiefeng , Zhang Liang
Published: April 2023

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have aroused continuously increasing attention for grid‐scale energy storage applications. However, the progress of AZIBs is largely plagued by their sluggish reaction kinetics and poor structural reversibility, which are closely related to the desolvation process of hydrated Zn2+. Herein, a strategy of local coordination engineering is proposed to modulate both surface and bulk structure of a conventional α‐MnO2 cathode to overcome these issues. Theoretical simulations and experimental characterizations reveal that the surface F coordinations effectively adjust the absorption strength toward H2O and Zn, which facilitates the desolvation of hydrated Zn2+ and thus improves the interfacial ion diffusion rate and reaction kinetics. Meanwhile, the structural integrity is largely enhanced with suppressed irreversible phase evolution over cycling benefiting from the presence of robust MnF bonds in the bulk lattice. As a consequence, the achieved cathode exhibits almost no capacity degradation after 400 cycles at a low current density of 0.5 A g‐1 and long‐term durability over 3500 cycles at a high current density of 5 A g‐1. The proposed modulation strategy provides new opportunities for designing long‐cycling and high‐energy cathodes for AZIBs and beyond.
Ultraprecise 3D Printed Graphene Aerogel Microlattices on Tape for Micro Sensors and E‐Skin
Authors: Chen Qian , Shen Junting , Estevez Diana , Chen Yanlin , Zhu Zihao , Yin Jun , Qin Faxiang
Published: April 2023

3D printed graphene aerogels hold promise for flexible sensing fields due to their flexibility, low density, conductivity, and piezo‐resistivity. However, low printing accuracy/fidelity and stochastic porous networks have hindered both sensing performance and device miniaturization. Here, printable graphene oxide (GO) inks are formulated through modulating oxygen functional groups, which allows printing of self‐standing 3D graphene oxide aerogel microlattice (GOAL) with an ultra‐high printing resolution of 70 µm. The reduced GOAL (RGOAL) is then stuck onto the adhesive tape as a facile and large‐scale strategy to adapt their functionalities into target applications. Benefiting from the printing resolution of 70 µm, RGOAL tape shows better performance and data readability when used as micro sensors and robot e‐skin. By adjusting the molecular structure of GO, the research realizes regulation of rheological properties of GO hydrogel and the 3D printing of lightweight and ultra‐precision RGOAL, improves the sensing accuracy of graphene aerogel electronic devices and realizes the device miniaturization, expanding the application of graphene aerogel devices to a broader field such as micro robots, which is beyond the reach of previous reports.
Slimming and Reinvigorating Tumor‐Associated Dendritic Cells with Hierarchical Lipid Rewiring Nanoparticles
Authors: Xu Chunchen , Ji Xiaoyuan , Zhou Yanfeng , Cheng Yuchun , Guo Daoxia , Li Qian , Chen Nan , Fan Chunhai , Song Haiyun
Published: April 2023

Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial mediators of innate and adaptive antitumor immunity, whereas exogenously and endogenously driven lipid accumulation causes immune tolerance of tumor‐associated DCs (TADCs) and thereby diminishes tumor responsiveness to various therapies. Herein, a type of multilevel lipid rewiring nanoparticles (NPs) for TADC revitalization is designed. These self‐assembled NPs specifically bind to the lipid transport receptor Msr1 on the TADC surface and orchestrate the restriction of extracellular lipid uptake, cytoplasmic de novo lipid biosynthesis and nuclear lipogenic gene transcription. It is found that the slimming of TADCs via the three‐in‐one lipid metabolic reprogramming substantially promotes their maturation and rehabilitate their functions in inflammatory cytokine production, cytotoxic T cell recruitment, and tumor inhibition. Significantly, tumor resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy is further overcome. The study presents a non‐canonical strategy to remodel tumor‐infiltrating immune cells and paves a new path for improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
Enantioselective Intramolecular Hydroacylation of Alkynes by Rhodium Catalysis through Dynamic Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Oonishi Yoshihiro , Takagishi Kazuki , Liu Yi‐Min , Sato Yoshihiro
Published: April 2023

Rhodium‐catalyzed enantioselective hydroacylation of racemic alkynals having a substituent at the α‐position of the carbonyl group is described. This reaction can be applied for the wide range of substrates (22 examples), and mechanistic studies revealed that a dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) process occurs during the hydroacylation, giving various cyclic ketones in 47–93% yields with 59:41 to 97:3 er from racemic starting materials.
Cost‐Responsive Optimization of Nickel Nanoparticle Synthesis
Authors: Petel Brittney E. , Van Allsburg Kurt M. , Baddour Frederick G.
Published: April 2023

Early‐stage cost evaluation during catalyst development holds the potential to accelerate the commercialization and deployment of advanced catalytic materials for sustainable chemical processes. The modeling and assessment of manufacturing costs as early as the laboratory synthesis scale, for example, focusing on materials costs and synthesis performance metrics, can support the development of an experimental–economic feedback loop that enables rapid insight into cost drivers associated with catalyst synthesis and highlights areas that require focused research and development effort. Ultimately, this feedback loop supports the realization of an economic understanding of the overall synthetic process and highlights opportunities to reduce costs, serving as the foundation for the scale‐up of catalyst manufacturing. Herein, a case study is presented utilizing CatCost, a free and publicly available estimation tool for the evaluation of catalyst manufacturing costs, to perform a cost‐responsive optimization of the synthesis of nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs). It is demonstrated that reagent substitutions with more cost‐effective analogs, coupled with stoichiometric optimization, afford a 58% reduction in raw materials cost without changing the product yield or properties.
New Ternary Blend Strategy Based on a Vertically Self‐Assembled Passivation Layer Enabling Efficient and Photostable Inverted Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Jeong Soyeong , Rana Aniket , Kim Ju‐Hyeon , Qian Deping , Park Kiyoung , Jang Jun‐Ho , Luke Joel , Kwon Sooncheol , Kim Jehan , Tuladhar Pabitra Shakya , Kim Ji‐Seon , Lee Kwanghee , Durrant James R. , Kang Hongkyu
Published: April 2023

Herein, a new ternary strategy to fabricate efficient and photostable inverted organic photovoltaics (OPVs) is introduced by combining a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) blend and a fullerene self‐assembled monolayer (C60‐SAM). Time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass spectrometry ‐ analysis reveals that the ternary blend is vertically phase separated with the C60‐SAM at the bottom and the BHJ on top. The average power conversion efficiency ‐ of OPVs based on the ternary system is improved from 14.9% to 15.6% by C60‐SAM addition, mostly due to increased current density (Jsc) and fill factor ‐. It is found that the C60‐SAM encourages the BHJ to make more face‐on molecular orientation because grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering ‐ data show an increased face‐on/edge‐on orientation ratio in the ternary blend. Light‐intensity dependent Jsc data and charge carrier lifetime analysis indicate suppressed bimolecular recombination and a longer charge carrier lifetime in the ternary system, resulting in the enhancement of OPV performance. Moreover, it is demonstrated that device photostability in the ternary blend is enhanced due to the vertically self‐assembled C60‐SAM that successfully passivates the ZnO surface and protects BHJ layer from the UV‐induced photocatalytic reactions of the ZnO. These results suggest a new perspective to improve both performance and photostability of OPVs using a facial ternary method.