bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
المعالجة الإعلامية للحرب الروسية الأوكرانية في قناة الجزيرة (دراسة تحليلية)
Authors: المساعدة بلال , العلاونة أ.د حاتم
Published: January 2024

الملخص هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى المعالجة الإعلامية للحرب الروسية الأوكرانية في قناة الجزيرة والأنماط الإخبارية الواردة فيها ومصادر التغطية وعناصر الإبراز، والقوى الفاعلة واتجاهات المعالجة، والاستمالات التي تضمنتها. واعتمدت الدراسة المنهج المسحي وأسلوب تحليل المضمون للنشرات الإخبارية "نشرة الحصاد على قناة الجزيرة، أما العينة الزمنية للدراسة فتبدأ من (24/ شباط/ 2022)، بداية الحرب الروسية الأوكرانية إلى تاريخ (24/أيار/2022) وبذلك تكون عينة الدراسة 90 يوماً لقناة الجزيرة. وقد أظهرت الدراسة العديد من النتائج من أبرزها: أنّ قناة الجزيرة أولت اهتماماً كبيراً بموضوعات الحرب الروسية الأوكرانية في معالجتها الإخبارية، فقد حلّت الموضوعات السياسية في المرتبة الأولى، تلتها الموضوعات الاقتصادية، ثمّ الموضوعات العسكرية. اتسمت بعض معالجات قناة الجزيرة فيما يتعلق بالموضوعات العسكرية بمحاولة "إخفاء" التوترات الحاصلة في بحر جنوب الصين، لصالح السياسة الخارجية الأمريكية. اتبعت قناة الجزيرة في معالجتها الإخبارية لموضوعات الحرب الروسية الأوكرانية سياسة تحريرية متوازنة من حيث توزيع الأنماط الإخبارية على نشرة الحصاد خلال فترة الدراسة. الكلمات المفتاحية: المعالجة الإعلامية، تحليل مضمون، الحرب الروسية الأوكرانية، قناة الجزيرة.
Response of maize (Zea mays L.) to the soil application of phosphorus fertilizer
Authors: Khaleeq K , Nazir R , Hemmat N , Sirat WA , Samim M
Published: January 2024

To investigate the effect of different phosphorus levels on the yield and yield components of maize crop, the experiment was carried out in the Badakhshan province of Afghanistan and was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications having a plot size of 2 m x 3 m (6m2) with row-to-row distance of 0.75 m and plant to plant distance of 0.25 m. The levels of phosphorus were 0 (control), 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240 kg P2O5 ha-1. Results indicated that the different levels of phosphorus significantly affected maize plant height, leaf area index, No. of cobs/plant, Cob length (cm), No. of Grains/cob, No. of Rows/cob, 100 grain weight (gr), seed yield and Stover yield. Application of Phosphorus at the rate of 160 kg ha-1 resulted in maximum plant height (181.02 cm), leaf area index (2.30), No. of cobs/plant (2.20), Cob length (18.63cm), No. of Grains/cob (347.33), No. of Rows/cob (17.67), 100-grain weight (20.33gr), seed yield 4882 kg/ha and Stover yield 6943 kg/ha as compared to the minimum values in control plots. It is concluded that Phosphorus should applied at the rate of 160 kg P2O5 ha-1 for the best grain yield in the agro-ecological conditions in Badakhshan province.
Decoding agricultural needs: An in-depth analysis of farmer queries in Punjab's Kisan call center
Authors: Godara S , Bana RS , Godara Shruti , Parsad R , Marwaha S
Published: January 2024

Adopting a demand-driven approach in a rapidly changing agricultural sector is crucial for extension services to remain relevant and impactful in India. In this direction, the article presents a comprehensive analysis of over two million farmer query calls made to the Kisan Call Center in Punjab, India, from January 2009 to August 2023. These preprocessed call logs are a vital link between farmers and agricultural support services, providing valuable insights into the agricultural community's challenges and requirements. Our analysis commences by examining temporal trends in farmer query calls, offering year-wise statistics that unveil the evolution of call volumes over time. Furthermore, we delve into the dataset to provide month-wise insights, shedding light on the seasonality of these queries. By identifying peak months of call activity, we can pinpoint critical periods when farmers require assistance the most. Furthermore, district-wise analysis aids in mapping the geographical distribution of these calls, enabling policymakers and agricultural authorities to target specific regions with tailored interventions. Our breakdown by crop category and query type also provides a granular perspective on farmers' concerns. By categorising calls based on the crops and query types, we gain valuable insights into the distinct challenges faced by Punjab's farmers. This information can guide the development of agricultural policies, extension services, and support programs tailored to address the unique needs of different crop categories and query types. Ultimately, this study underscores the significance of harnessing data-driven insights to enhance agricultural support systems, ensuring India's farming community's long-term sustainability and prosperity.
Nitrogen and weed management effects on soybean (Glycine max L.) yield in Kandahar, Afghanistan
Authors: Samim M , Ahmad A , Afghan A , Haqmal M , Shekhawat K , Rahimi E , Tamim SA , Ashraf MA , Shams S
Published: January 2024

Soybean [Glycine max (L.)] ranks fourth among the most important crops in the world, following maize (1017 Mt), wheat (713 Mt) and rice (741 Mt). In 2014, soybean was grown in an area of about 111 M ha worldwide. The global production of soybean has shown a rising trend over the years (79 Mt in 1983, 115 Mt in 1993, 191 Mt in 2003, and 276 Mt in 2013). To assess the impact of weed and N management on soybean growth and productivity, a field experiment was carried out in a split-plot design with three replications during the spring season of 2020-21 at the Afghanistan National Agricultural Science and Technology University (ANASTU), Kandahar, Afghanistan. The main plot treatments consisted of three weed management options, namely weedy check, pendimethalin 1 kg/ha at 1-2 DAS followed by 1 hand weeding at 25 DAS and pendimethalin 1 kg/ha at 1-2 DAS followed by Imazethapyr 100 g/ha at 25 DAS. The sub-plot treatments included four N levels (~0, 40, 60 and 80 kg N/ha, i.e., N0, N40, N60 and N80). Weed and N management had significant effects on all the growth parameters, yield attributes and yield of soybean. The highest values of plant height, leaf area index, DMA per plant, grain yield, Stover yield, biological yield and harvest index were recorded with the application of pendimethalin fb imazethapyr with 80 kg N/ha. Therefore, it is suggested that pendimethalin fb imazethapyr with 80 kg N/ha should be applied for effective weed control and higher soybean production and income in Kandahar, Afghanistan.
খাদ্যে ভেজাল রোধে ইসলামী নীতি: খাদ্যবিক্রেতার অনুশীলন প্রসঙ্গ|Islamic Guidelines for Preventing Food Adulteration : The Food Vendor’s Practice Context
Authors: ISLAM AMIRUL
Published: January 2024

The root cause of several chronic and complicated illnesses is contaminated food. Families are left emotionally, financially, and physically devasted when they have to pay more for the medical care of a sick member who was exposed to contaminated food. In the eyes of Islam, adulterers of food violate the rights of the consumer by perjury and deception, unjustly consume the wealth of others and push the consumers towards death by supplying adulterated food. The essay employs qualitative research methodologies to investigate the application of Islamic guidelines in preventing food vendors from adulterating food. The research has demonstrated that the adulteration of food is influenced by the buyer’s unreasonable demands, ignorance, irregularities of the parties involved, corruption and bribery, extortion of local influential persons, additional bribery of government fees to obtain business licenses and other services, and the vendor’s greed for increased profit. While the study does not provide an overall picture of food adulteration, it does provide a realistic picture of food vendors’ reflections and practices on food adulteration, which will be useful to food-related researchers, students and policy makers. সারসংক্ষেপ : ভেজাল খাদ্য বহু জটিল ও দীর্ঘস্থায়ী রোগের কারণ। ভেজাল খাদ্য খেয়ে রোগাক্রান্ত ব্যক্তির চিকিৎসায় পারিবারিক ব্যয় বৃদ্ধি পায়, যা একটি পরিবারকে আর্থিক, মানসিক ও শারীরিকভাবে বিপর্যস্ত করে ফেলে। ইসলামের দৃষ্টিতে খাদ্যে ভেজালকারীরা মিথ্যা শপথ ও প্রতারণা করে ক্রেতার অধিকার নষ্ট করে, অন্যায়ভাবে অন্যের সম্পদ ভক্ষণ করে এবং ভেজাল খাবার দিয়ে ভোক্তাকে মরণব্যাধির দিকে প্রভাবিত করে। বক্ষ্যমাণ প্রবন্ধে গুণবাচক গবেষণা (ছঁধষরঃধঃরাব জবংবধৎপয) পদ্ধতির মাধ্যমে খাদ্যবিক্রেতা কর্তৃক খাদ্যে ভেজাল রোধে ইসলামী দিকনির্দেশনা অনুশীলনের বাস্তবতা অনুসন্ধান করা হয়েছে। গবেষণায় উঠে এসেছে যে, ক্রেতার অযৌক্তিক চাহিদা, অসচেতনতা, তদারকি সংশ্লিষ্ট একাংশের অনিয়ম, দুর্নীতি ও ঘুষ, স্থানীয় প্রভাবশালীদের চাঁদাবাজি, ব্যবসা সংক্রান্ত লাইসেন্স ও অন্যান্য সেবা পেতে সরকারি ফির অতিরিক্ত ঘুষ গ্রহণ এবং বিক্রেতার অধিক মুনাফার লোভ খাদ্যে ভেজাল মেশাতে প্রভাবিত করে। এ গবেষণায় খাদ্যে ভেজালের সামগ্রিক চিত্র ফুটে না উঠলেও খাদ্যে ভেজাল সম্পর্কে খাদ্যবিক্রেতাদের চিন্তার প্রতিফলন ও অনুশীলনের বাস্তব একটি চিত্র ফুটে উঠেছে, যা খাদ্য সংশ্লিষ্ট গবেষক, শিক্ষার্থী ও নীতি নির্ধারকদের ক্ষেত্রে সহায়ক ভূমিকা পালন করবে।
ইসলামী আইনশাস্ত্রে الأخذ بالأقل (ক্ষুদ্রতর পরিমাণ গ্রহণ করা) নীতি প্রয়োগের ক্ষেত্রে হানাফী ফকীহদের চিন্তাধারার বিবর্তন : একটি পর্যালোচনা | Evolution of Thoughts of Hanafi Jurists in Applying the Principle of Al Akhdhu Bil Aqall (Accepting the Least Amount) in Islamic Jurisprudence : An Analysis
Authors: Toriq Toha
Published: January 2024

One of the most important principles of Islamic Jurisprudence is Al Akhdhu bil Aqall which signifies rulling for the least or accepting the least amount. Through this principle, the jurists have endeavored to determine which of the various amounts mentioned in the legal opinions of Islamic jurists should be accepted. The preponderance of straightforward explanations on the topic may be seen because there exists no well-structured discussion on the topic in Bangla. The present article has discussed how the Hanafi jurists have applied this principle. This study employs a descriptive and longue duree style to discuss the ideas of notable Hanafi jurists and provides an analytical overview of the evolution of their perspectives in this regard throughout times. It showed that while early Hanafi jurists utilized this principle derived from the Shafi’i school of thought in a variety of cases, the later Hanafi jurists held a very unfavorable opinion of this principle. Consequently, the thought of Hanafi Jurists on Al Akhdhu bil Aqalll has experienced a significant transition and their opinions on the matter are varied. সারসংক্ষেপ : উসূলে ফিকহের একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ মূলনীতি হলো : الأخذ بالأقل তথা ক্ষুদ্রতর বা সর্বনিম্ন পরিমাণ গ্রহণ করা। এই নীতির মাধ্যমে ফকীহগণ ফিকহী মাসআলায় উল্লেখিত বিভিন্ন পরিমাণের মাঝে কোনটি গ্রহণ করা হবে তা নির্ণয়ের প্রয়াস পেয়েছেন। বাংলা ভাষায় এই মূলনীতি নিয়ে সুগঠিত আলোচনা না থাকায় বিষয়টি নিয়ে সরল ব্যাখ্যার প্রচলন লক্ষ্য করা যায়। আলোচ্য প্রবন্ধে উক্ত মূলনীতি হানাফী ফকীহগণ কিভাবে প্রয়োগ করেছেনÑ তা নিয়ে আলোচনা করা হয়েছে। বর্ণনামূলক (ফবংপৎরঢ়ঃরাব) ও দীর্ঘমেয়াদি বিশ্লেষণমূলক (ষড়হম ফঁৎবব) পদ্ধতি অনুসরণ করে এখানে হানাফী ফকীহদের চিন্তাধারার বিবর্তন বোঝার চেষ্টা করা হয়েছে এবং তাঁদের মতামতের পর্যালোচনা উপস্থাপন করা হয়েছে। প্রবন্ধে দেখানো হয়েছে যে, শাফিয়ী মাযহাব থেকে উদ্ভূত এই মূলনীতি প্রথমদিকের হানাফী ফকীহগণ বিভিন্ন মাসআলায় প্রয়োগ করলেও মাযহাবের পরবর্তী ফকীহগণ (متأخرون) এই নীতি সম্পর্কে স্পষ্টভাবে নেতিবাচক ধারণা পোষণ করেছেন। ফলশ্রুতিতে হানাফী ফকীহগণের الأخذ بالأقل কেন্দ্রিক চিন্তাধারা একটি সুস্পষ্ট বিবর্তনের মধ্য দিয়ে গিয়েছে এবং এ বিষয়ে তাঁদের দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি বৈচিত্র্যপূর্ণ।
প্রতিযোগিতা আইন ২০১২ : একটি শরয়ী পর্যালোচনা|The Competition Act, 2012 : A Shari’ah Review
Authors: Hossain Muhammad Mofazzal
Published: January 2024

Entrepreneurship is one way to earn money. Entrepreneurs are often in competition with one another to maximize profits. To uphold its constitutional obligations and safeguard the atmosphere of fair competition in business by eliminating the restrictive provisions of earlier legislation the government of Bangladesh has enacted “The Competition Act, 2012”. In order to preserve a culture of fair competition in the commercial sector among the majority-Muslim population, it is necessary to highlight the value of Islamic injunctions in addition to conventional laws. The current study aims to ascertain the background of the Competition Act of 2012, as well as its significance, efficacy, comparative analysis from a Shari’ah perspective. Considering the objective and scope of the study, the research has been conducted following qualitative research methodology. In the research, the aforesaid statute has been found as an effective one to meet the demands of the age. The provisions of this Act are supported by the principles of Shariah, where issues like collusion, monopoly, oligopoly, syndication and abuse of position of authority are proscribed in the light of the Qur’an, Hadith and the opinions of the jurists and considered as offenses punishable under discretionary (taʻdhīr) punishment. As a whole, the findings of this research will contribute to raising public awareness among Muslims. সারসংক্ষেপ : উপার্জনের একটি অন্যতম মাধ্যম হলো ব্যবসা। ব্যবসায় মুনাফা অর্জনে ব্যবসায়ীদের মাঝে পারস্পরিক প্রতিযোগিতা একটি সাধারণ বিষয়। বাংলাদেশ সরকার তার সাংবিধানিক বাধ্যবাধকতা এবং এ সম্পর্কিত পূর্ববর্তী আইনের সংকীর্ণতা দূর করে ব্যবসায় সুষ্ঠু প্রতিযোগিতার পরিবেশ সুরক্ষায় ‘প্রতিযোগিতা আইন ২০১২’ প্রণয়ন করে। সংখ্যাগরিষ্ঠ মুসলিম জনগোষ্ঠীর মাঝে ব্যবসায়িক পরিম-লে সুষ্ঠু প্রতিযোগিতার পরিবেশ রক্ষায় প্রচলিত আইনের সাথে ইসলামী অনুশাসনের উপযোগিতা উপস্থাপনের প্রয়োজনীয়তা রয়েছে। তাই প্রতিযোগিতা আইন ২০১২ এর পটভূমি, এর গুরুত্ব, কার্যকারিতা, শরয়ী দৃষ্টিকোণ থেকে তুলনামূলক পর্যালোচনা বর্তমান গবেষণার উদ্দেশ্য। গবেষণার উদ্দেশ্য এবং পরিধি বিবেচনায় গবেষণাটি গুণাত্মক গবেষণা পদ্ধতি অনুসরণে পরিচালিত হয়েছে। গবেষণায় এ আইন যুগচাহিদা পূরণে একটি কার্যকর আইন হিসেবে বিবেচিত হয়েছে। এ আইনের ধারাসমূহ শরয়ী মূলনীতি দ্বারা সমর্থিত, যেখানে ষড়যন্ত্রমূলক যোগসাজশ, মনোপলি, ওলিগোপলি, জোটবদ্ধতা এবং কর্তৃত্বময় অবস্থানের অপব্যবহারের মতো বিষয়াদি কুরআন, হাদীস এবং ফকীহদের বক্তব্যের আলোকে নিষিদ্ধ এবং তাযীরী শাস্তির আওতায় শাস্তিযোগ্য অপরাধ হিসেবে বিবেচিত। সর্বোপরি, মুসলিম জনগোষ্ঠীর মাঝে জনসচেতনতা বৃদ্ধিতে এ গবেষণা ইতিবাচক প্রভাব বিস্তার করবে।
দ্রব্যমূল্য নিয়ন্ত্রণ: একটি ফিকহী পর্যালোচনা|Commodity Price Control : An Examination from Islamic Legal Perspective
Authors: Chowdhury Muhammad Alauddin
Published: January 2024

The protection of human resources is one of the five fundamental objectives that Islamic Shari’ah has taken into consideration. Controlling prices is a crucial component in safeguarding human resources since the rise in commodities costs has an adverse effect on the civic lives of the people. Although the Islamic Shari’ah has recognized the ownership of individuals and provided the opportunity to earn profit, it has also permitted price control measures for the sake of collective welfare. Regarding price regulation, divergent views are noted among the jurists. The author, in this paper, has explicated the issue from the perspective of Islamic Law. The write up was produced using both descriptive and analytical research methodologies. The article demonstrates that the state reserves the authority to regulate the price of commodities under certain circumstances to ensure greater public welfare. The author argues that if the price is effectively regulated, there will be relief in public life. সংক্ষিপ্তসার: ইসলামী শরীয়ত যে পাঁচটি মৌলিক উদ্দেশ্যকে বিবেচনায় এনে তা সংরক্ষণের সর্বোচ্চ তাগিদ দিয়েছে তন্মধ্যে মানুষের সম্পদের সুরক্ষা অন্যতম। দ্রব্যমূল্য নিয়ন্ত্রণ মানুষের সম্পদ সুরক্ষার সাথে সংশ্লিষ্ট গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বিষয়। কারণ দ্রব্যমূল্যের ঊর্ধ্বগতি জনগণের নাগরিক জীবনে বিরূপ প্রভাব ফেলে। ইসলামী শরীয়ত লেনদেনে একদিকে যেমন ব্যক্তির স্বাধীন মালিকানা স্বীকার করে মুনাফা অজর্নের সুযোগ প্রদান করেছে, অন্যদিকে তেমন অবস্থাভেদে সামষ্টিক কল্যাণের নিমিত্তে দ্রব্যমূল্য নিয়ন্ত্রণ পরিকল্পনার অনুমোদন দিয়েছে। ফকীহদের মধ্যে দ্রব্যমূল্য নিয়ন্ত্রণ প্রসঙ্গে মতভিন্নতা পরিলক্ষিত হয়। আলোচ্য প্রবন্ধটি ফিকহী দৃষ্টিকোণ থেকে রচিত। প্রবন্ধটি রচনার ক্ষেত্রে বর্ণনামূলক (Descriptive Method) ও বিশ্লেষণাত্তক (Analytical Method) গবেষণাপদ্ধতি অনুসরণ করা হয়েছে। প্রবন্ধের মাধ্যমে প্রমাণিত হয়েছে যে, বিশেষ পরিস্থিতিতে জনগণের বৃহত্তর কল্যাণ সাধন করার জন্য রাষ্ট্র দ্রব্যমূল্য নিয়ন্ত্রণ করতে পারবে এবং কার্যকর পন্থায় এ দ্রব্যমূল্য নিয়ন্ত্রণ করতে পারলে জনজীবনে স্বস্তি নেমে আসবে।
বাংলাদেশের বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের শিক্ষার্থীদের জন্য স্বাস্থ্যবীমা পলিসি : একটি নৈতিক পর্যালোচনা|Health Insurance Policy for University Students in Bangladesh : An Ethical Review
Authors: Uddin Md. Mohi
Published: January 2024

Several universities in Bangladesh have health insurance policies in place for students. All students who choose to avail health insurance must have to pay a certain amount of premium that covers them for a full year. Owing to its resemblance to conventional health insurance, certain things objectionable from the point of view of Shariah have been added to it such as interest, uncertainty (gharar) etc. The article, prepared in a hybrid technique combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies, reviewed the prohibitions of conventional insurance and presented its alternatives. It was based on a field survey of students of a particular university. The paper demonstrates that most of the university students are reluctant to avail health insurance that is prohibited by Sharia law and wish for an alternative to a system that really considers the welfare of students. The article makes it abundantly evident that, in the context of Bangladesh, Islamic Takaful based on the “Tabarru” model may serve as an alternative to conventional health insurance. সংক্ষিপ্তসার: বাংলাদেশের কিছু বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে শিক্ষার্থীদের জন্য স্বাস্থ্যবীমা পলিসি কার্যকর রয়েছে। স্বাস্থ্যবীমা বাবদ প্রত্যেক শিক্ষার্থীকে একটি নির্দিষ্ট পরিমাণ প্রিমিয়াম প্রত্যেক বছর পরিশোধ করতে হয় যার মাধ্যমে শিক্ষার্থীরা একবছরের জন্য স্বাস্থ্যবীমার আওতায় চলে আসে। প্রচলিত স্বাস্থ্যবীমার সাথে সাদৃশ্যপূর্ণ হওয়ার কারণে শরীয়তের দৃষ্টিতে আপত্তিকর কিছু বিষয় এতে যুক্ত হয়েছে যেমন- সুদ, অনিশ্চয়তা (গারার) ইত্যাদি। গুণাত্মক (Qualitative Method) ও সংখ্যাত্মক পদ্ধতির (Quantitative Method) সমন্বয়ে মিশ্র পদ্ধতিতে (Mixed Method) রচিত প্রবন্ধে প্রচলিত বীমার নিষিদ্ধ বিষয়গুলো পর্যালোচনা করে এর বিকল্প উপস্থাপন করার পাশাপাশি একটি নির্দিষ্ট বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের শিক্ষার্থীদের উপর মাঠপর্যায়ে জরিপ করা হয়েছে। প্রবন্ধের মাধ্যমে প্রমাণিত হয়েছে যে, বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের অধিকাংশ শিক্ষার্থী শরীয়তের দৃষ্টিতে আপত্তিকর স্বাস্থ্যবীমার সাথে জড়িত হতে অনিচ্ছুক এবং তারা এর বিকল্প হিসেবে এমন একটি ব্যবস্থার আশা করে, যেখানে প্রকৃতপক্ষে শিক্ষার্থীদের কল্যাণ রয়েছে। প্রবন্ধের মাধ্যমে এটাও স্পষ্ট হয়েছে যে, বাংলাদেশের প্রেক্ষাপটে এই প্রচলিত স্বাস্থ্যবীমার বিকল্প হতে পারে ‘তাবাররু’ মডেলভিত্তিক ইসলামী তাকাফুল।
Metode, tehnici și modele ale amenințărilor persistente avansate – Ciclul de viață al APT
Authors:   Romanian Academy, Sfetcu Nicolae
Published: January 2024

Amenințările persistente avansate folosesc o varietate de metode și tehnici, cele mai utilizate fiind phishing și spear-phishing, inginerie socială, descărcare neintenționată (drive-by-download), exploit zero-day, programe malware și backdoor, și gura de apă (watering hole). În APT, este dificil de identificat cine este atacatorul, întrucât aceștia folosesc adesea conceptul de steagul fals, identificându-se drept altă persoană, pentru a-și camufla operațiunile. Pe lângă actorii statali, există grupuri de criminali cibernetici cu finanțare privată și care nu răspund intereselor guvernamentale, folosind diferite metode de propagare. În general spionajul cibernetic realizat de acești actori au ca ținte organizațiile diplomatice și industria tehnologiei informației.
Linguistic and Cultural Re-Orientation in the Face of Pandemics: Lessons from the COVID-19 Discourses among the Bukusu of Kenya
Authors: Lonyangapuo Mary K.
Published: January 2024

The linguistic and cultural diversity in the seemingly interconnected world underscores the contextualisation of information for effective communication. This paper examines the host language and culture in the COVID-19 discourses on the one hand and, on the other, their re-orientation based on the Bukusu environment, with the hope of drawing lessons from the findings for future better handling of pandemics.  An exploratory survey design was adopted, where primary data were collected using in-depth face-to-face interviews with 12 participants, observation, video recording, and note-taking in a funeral, wedding, and a traditional brew drinking context in Kanduyi and Webuye, Bungoma County. Secondary data were drawn from government documents, Community-based Organization (CBO) champions’ documentation, and the Mulembe FM Radio station. Analysis was based on two theories: the re-definition of situations, which explains how values are redefined about situations for adaptation to occur, and the diffusion of innovations, articulating how an idea spreads through a population while disregarding compatibility with the local culture and language. Findings show that linguistic and cultural re-orientation could have triggered better results in the fight against the pandemic. The study findings are relevant to policymakers and implementers, specifically, the Ministry of Health (MOH), Kenya, charged with disseminating relevant information concerning health pandemics.
Critiquing the meaningfulness of Sukuma Cattle names: A non-Philosophical semantic stance
Authors: Simon Chipanda
Published: January 2024

The article critiques the meaningfulness of Sukuma cow names as the answer to theoretical contribution within the frameworks of linguists and philosophy in assessing the semantics of cattle names. The exertion used Descriptive, Indirect Reference, and Onomastics Theories. The former describes names as identical to the objects’ descriptions; the latter indicates that names are more than simply the object to which they refer. The last refers to the theory, which shows the origin of names they came from.  The study used structured interviews with 4 sukuma speakers from Mwamashimba village of Tanzania who were selected purposively via snowballing technique. It was found that Lunya, Nyankole, Mabhú, Mkala, and Shilungu are Sukuma cow names whose meaning is meaningless as they have no symbiotic relations with the semantic content, they refer to rather than just labelling of objects, places, colour, and structure. Based on the findings, it was concluded that Sukuma cow names are meaningless and not rigid designators as claimed in the philosophy of language rather than identification labels, which are very important in any speech community in stirring emotion, cultural awareness as well and historical connection between the present and the past.
The Impact of the Rice Milling Industry on agricultural practices and human health in Karnataka State, India
Authors: Arpitha H R , Suresh S , Suresh Basava
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The current study was conducted to assess the impact of pollutants from the rice mill environment on agricultural practices and human health conditions in Hassan District, Karnataka State, India. The aim of the study was to understand the impact of the rice milling industry on the level of ecological status of the study area. Materials and Methods: A sample-prepared questionnaire was adapted to examine the status of the rice mill environment from January 2023 to June 2023. Five rice mills were randomly chosen, and data was collected from 85 different family members residing at varying distances from these mills (0, 1, 5, and 10 kilometers). A specific scale was developed to measure the individual and dependent parameters using Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 16).
Results: Results indicated that more than 50% of the surveyed family members acknowledged the impact of pollutants from nearby rice mills on the environment, agriculture, and their health. Despite this, the overall impact on their health and agricultural practices was insignificant, as indicated by scores ranging from 8 to 15 out of 30. However, when evaluating the environmental impact on a scale of 60, it was evident that the contamination level exceeded 30 due to rice mill activities, signifying a substantial effect on the surrounding area. Within a 5-kilometer radius from the rice mills, the contamination adversely affected over 50% of the area., primarily stemming from rice mill activities. This contamination had a significant impact on both agricultural practices and human health, reaching its maximum level in the proximity of the mill. The contamination levels dropped to less than 20 at a distance of 10 kilometers from the mill location, indicating a reduction in impact with increased distance.
Conclusion: The overall analytical results and survey in the study concludes that rice mill are should be located at a minimum distance of 0.5 kilometers from human settlements to mitigate contamination effectively. To ensure prevention and control, various stakeholders must be involved, including workers, government policymakers, the surrounding community, and the establishment of an industrial environment that incorporates Environmental Impact Analysis. Encouraging environmentally friendly practices and adhering to principles such as eco-efficiency and zero waste are essential steps towards sustainable and pollution-free rice milling operations.
Manganese-Tunable p-type ZnO Nanoscale for Optimized Photocatalytic Degradation of Terasil Blue from Wastewater
Authors: Yusha’u Auwal , Siaka Abdulfatai Adabara , Sulaiman Kabo Kamaluddeen , Muhammad Abdullahi
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the structural, morphological, elemental, optical properties and photocatalytic activity of the bare zinc oxide (ZnO) and Manganese-doped zinc oxide (Mn- ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) using terasil blue (TB) dye as a model substrate.
Materials and Methods: The ZnO and Mn-doped ZnO catalysts were synthesized using the co-precipitation method. The synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The band energies were measured using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry.
Results: The results obtained from XRD, EDX, SEM, and UV-Vis analyses demonstrated a successful synthesis of bare and Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles. The diffraction patterns for the synthesized ZnO and Mn-doped ZnO photocatalyts were matched with that of the standard hexagonal wurtzite structure of the standard ZnO catalyst. The average particle size for the ZnO and Mn-doped ZnO catalysts were found to be 23.46 nm and 24.38 nm, and band gap energies of 3.28eV and 3.09eV, respectively. The photocatalytic performance of the Mn-doped ZnO photocatalyst was optimized using box behnken design of response surface methodology under visible light irradiation. The operational parameters involved TB initial concentration, catalyst dosage, initial pH, and irradiation time. The optimum photodegradation efficiency of TB dye removal was achieved at 96.75% of 15mg/L of TB concentration, 0.1g/L of Mn-doped ZnO, pH = 10, and 160 minutes of irradiation time. Moreover the photocatalytic degradation of TB over the Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics model (k = 0.0254 min-1).
Conclusion: Finally, the evaluation of various scavengers confirmed that the photogenerated holes and hydroxyl radicals were the major radicals for the TB photodegradation over the Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticle under visible light irradiation.
Pengaruh Polaritas Mesin Las pada Pengelasan SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) Terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Mekanik Baja Karbon Rendah
Authors: Purwanto Andi , Wijoyo Wijoyo , Fajar Riyadin Anang
Published: January 2024

Pengelasan adalah suatu proses menyatukan dua buah logam atau lebih menjadi suatu bentuk sambungan dengan menggunakan proses panas. Panas tersebut diperlukan untuk mencairkan bagian logam yang akan disambung dengan elektroda sebagai bahan tambah atau filler. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah mesin las SMAW arus DC dan bahan tambah dengan menggunakan elektroda E7016. Mesin las SMAW arus DC terbagi menjadi dua polaritas yaitu polaritas DC+ dan DC-. Metode penelitian menggunakan eksperimen distruktif test dengan material baja karbon rendah ASTM A.36 yang telah dilakukan pengelasan SMAW menggunakan variasi polaritas DC+ dan DC- untuk mendapatkan hasil uji sifat fisik dan mekanik. Pengujian yang dilakukan antara lain distorsi, uji struktur mikro, uji tarik, uji impak dan uji kekerasan. Hasil uji sifat fisik pada pengelasan SMAW polaritas DC+ terlihat distorsi arah melintang dan arah menyudut terjadi perubahan bentuk yang siknifikan, dari uji struktur mikro daerah weld metal lebih halus dan teratur. Hasil uji mekanik diketahui nilai kekuatan tarik tertinggi pada pengelasan SMAW polaritas DC- sebesar 508,3 MPa, nilai ketangguhan impak tertinggi dengan pengelasan SMAW polaritas DC+ sebesar 1,756 Joule/mm² dan nilai kekerasan tertinggi pada daerah weld metal pada pengelasan SMAW polaritas DC- sebesar 195,6 HV. Pengelasan SMAW dengan polaritas DC- memiliki kekuatan dan kekerasaan yang baik tetapi getas, berbanding dengan pengelasan SMAW dengan polaritas DC+ memiliki keuletan dan ketangguhan yang baik
Penyusunan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran PPKn dengan Pendekatan Contextual Teaching Learning di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Bukit Servista
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study is to describe how teachers prepare Learning Implementation Plans for PPKn  lesson content with a Contextual Teaching Learning (CTL) approach including how teachers formulate learning objectives, develop learning steps, and design learning assessments with a CTL approach. The research method uses descriptive qualitative research. The subjects of this research are high school teachers, principals, and students. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. Test the validity of the data using triangulation of sources and techniques. Based on the results of research at SD Negeri 101835 Sibolangit, it was found that in formulating learning objectives, the teacher first designed the Competency Achievement Indicators (GPA) based on KI and KD, learning objectives were written by taking into account the elements of Audience, Behavior, Condition, and Degree. In compiling the learning steps, the teacher integrates the components in the CTL approach including constructivism, inquiry, questioning, learning community, modeling, reflection, and authentic assessment. In designing the assessment, the teacher pays attention to aspects of authentic assessment including the assessment of attitudes, knowledge, and skills that are tailored to the learning objectives.
Upaya Peningkatan Kecerdasan Emosional Dalam Pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak Melalui Strategi Pembelajaran Ekspositori Berbasis Online Pada Siswa Kelas VIII MTS An Nadia Lubuk Jaya
Authors: Ahmad Fuadi  , Rhadiatul Husna
Published: January 2024

The problem in this research is that the teacher does not build students' critical awareness in learning. The teacher explains more about student knowledge or knowledge transfer without knowing whether the knowledge given is understood well or not. The purpose of this study is to find out how to increase students' emotional intelligence in learning Akidah Akhlak through the application of expository learning strategies to class VIII students of MTs Swasta An-Nadia Lubuk Jaya. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK). According to the type of research chosen, namely classroom action research, this research, the analysis technique uses an action research model in the form of a spiral and from one cycle to the next. The results or conclusions from this study are that the average percentage of students through the results of the observation sheet includes the student character sheet in the first cycle, which is 64.76%, and the second cycle, which is 81.38%. This shows that the students have followed the learning process well which is marked by an increase in student intelligence at each meeting. Then student learning outcomes after using expository learning strategies have increased. In the analysis of test results in cycles I and II it can be seen that there is an increase in student learning outcomes, namely in cycle one students who have a complete score of 12 students or 70.6% and in the second cycle students completed 15 students or 88.24%
Strategi Komunikasi Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Kinerja Guru di MIS Nurul Iman Kecamatan Gebang
Authors: Fadilah Istighfara  , Ahmad Zaki
Published: January 2024

The problem in the research shows that principals face obstacles such as the use of school operational funds that have not been fully utilized to provide rewards in motivating teacher performance and welfare. The weak figure of the principal who is a woman and has to lead some male teachers. So it is feared in carrying out their duties and functions as a leader. The purpose of the study was to determine the leadership strategy in increasing the motivation of teacher performance at MIS Nurul Iman Gebang. The type of research used is qualitative research. Methods of collecting data by means of observation, interviews and documentation. Data validity test techniques include data credibility test (internal validity), data dependability (reliability) test, transferability test (external validity/generalization), and confirmability test (objectivity). The results of this study are that there is a leadership role used by the head of MIS, Nurul Iman Gebang, even though a woman does not affect the effectiveness of leadership in managing education. The leadership model applied is a persuasive approach, namely MIS head Nurul Iman Gebang leads with more familiar techniques and guides teachers in improving teaching performance through concrete examples and increasing motivation to pursue educators in order to maintain integrity, solidity and solidarity.
Pengaruh Media Vidio Pembelajaran Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa Di SMP Negeri 5 Dumai
Authors: Tristan Yadi , Eddison Ahmad , Supentri Supentri
Published: January 2024

In this study, the media used by students for learning was video media. The question posed in this research is whether the learning video media at SMP Negeri 5 Dumai has an effect on students' learning motivation. This study uses statistical methods. The data collection instrument in this study used a questionnaire consisting of 15 questions. The sample in this study was 217 students who took part in learning using video media at SMP Negeri 5 Dumai. The learning rate of video media at SMP Negeri 5 Dumai is very good. This is because the instructional video media variable comes from the average percentage of respondents who answer very often is 41.95%, plus the average percentage of respondents who answer often is 54.3% which is the sum of 96.25%, where the range is 75.01%-100%. The students of SMP Negeri 5 Dumai are very motivated. This is because the influence of the instructional video media variable from the average percentage of respondents who answered very often was 44% plus the average percentage of respondents who answered often was 49.16%, so that it was added up with 93.16% results where the range was 75.01 %.-100%. The hypothesis is used to see the effect of the dependent variable, where the independent variable in this study is video media and the dependent variable is student learning motivation. Based on SPSS simple linear regression analysis, it can be seen that simple linear regression Y = 21.578+0.375 X. The results of the above formula can be changed to a constant 21578, namely the consistency value of the video media variable is 21578, and the regression coefficient X is 0.375 which indicates that the increase in the value of video media by 1% will increase learning motivation by 0.375. The positive coefficient indicates that the video media (X) has a positive effect on learning motivation (Y)
Aerobic Gymnastics in Warding Corona Covid-19
Authors: Malasari Citra Azhariat
Published: January 2024

A strong immune system is one of the strongholds against the Covid-19 Corona virus.  Regular exercise is a way to maintain health, fitness and endurance. UGM Sports Medicine Expert Zaenal Muttaqin Sofro said, there are many sports that can be done at home in the midst of the Corona pandemic. Maintaining a healthy physical condition is a very important thing to do during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, in the midst of a Covid-19 pandemic like this, physical activity and space are limited. How to work around this? Sports can be done with a homeworkout. It does not require excessive equipment, and can be accessed easily online such as aerobics. Aerobic exercise can be one of the sports to prevent the transmission of the Covid-19 virus. According to research results, people who regularly exercise are less likely to develop disease than people who rarely exercise. This is because when we exercise, the performance of white blood cells will be stimulated. These white blood cells that function as antibodies to fight various types of germs that enter the body. When exercising, body temperature also increases. This can inhibit bacteria from growing in the body, and the increased body temperature can also help the body fight infection.
Implementasi Manajemen Strategi Guru Profesional di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Swasta Mawaddah Gebang
Authors: Sri Indarti  , Rani Febriani
Published: January 2024

The problem in this study shows that there are still many teachers who are not motivated to improve their professionalism, this is because of the facilities and infrastructure at Madrasah MIS Mawaddah. This type of research is qualitative with the Research filed approach. Methods of collecting data by means of observation, interviews and documentation. Data validity test techniques include data credibility test (internal validity), data dependability (reliability) test, transferability test (external validity/generalization), and confirmability test (objectivity). The results of this study indicate that the process of implementing professional teacher management strategies at MIS Mawaddah Gebang has been carried out well, starting with the planning stage, the planning is determined by the Head of Madrasah taking into account the evaluation results in previous years. After all activities are designed, the next process is organizing. The first thing to do is to classify tasks according to the resources they have. Then proceed with the division of tasks, at this stage grouping activities are also carried out. The results of interviews and observations of researchers indicate that activities related to the application of administrative management in supporting student academic services are divided into 3 (three) parts, namely new student admissions, teaching and learning activities, and graduation. After the division of tasks and grouping of activities, the most important thing that must be considered by the leadership is the process of action.
The Effectiveness Of Using Word Cards As A Media On Learning Vocabulary For The Tenth Graders Of Ma Nw Sikur
Authors: Rosyidi Ahmad Zuhri , Paris Atika Salman
Published: January 2024

Word cards are exactly the right media for students to enrich students’ vocabulary mastery. To prove this argumentation this study was focus on using word cards on students’ achievement in learning vocabulary in classroom.  This study used an experimental design and to collect the data, the present researcher used multiple choices instrument (vocabulary test) to get students’ score in learning vocabulary. In analyzing data, the present researcher used t-test to find out the effectiveness of the word card in teaching vocabulary. The result of analysis data that the t-test was 0.74 and t-table was 0.44 with level of significance  (95%) from the total of sample was twenty students. It means t-test was higher than t-table (0.74  0.44). Thus, mean alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted, and the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected. This founding means that there was a significantly effective of using word cards on students’ achievement in learning vocabulary for the tenth grade of MA NW Sikur in the school year 2021-2022.
Morphology Of Verbs in Alasnese
Authors: Tahir Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Geographycally languges are clasified into National and Regional or Native language to study or to investigate into regional language is important. It has been widely known that Indonesian is a national language-a language of unity Bisides, there are various regional languages which are the mother tongues of their users. Recently, The indonesian goverment encourages the offorts to develovp, preserve, and maintain the regional languages all over the country. The focus of this thesis is the Alas language,on of the native languages in Indonesia spoken by approximatelly 60.000 peoples in or out part of the Southeast Aceh District. Not only do they speak communication in the area. Language has structured element, the formation and arrangement of these elements namely, affixation, are needed to give shades of meanings. To carry out this study the writer uses a method by means of interview and provide by five native informants of Alas who live in Banda Aceh. The Alas language has four clasification of spenchj sounds which consist of : singel vowels, single consonant, vowel clusters, and consonant clusters.
Upaya Peningkatan Kemampuan Spritual Quotient Melalui Model Pembelajaran Habit Forming (Pembiasaan) pada pelajaran Akidah Akhlak di Kelas VIII MTS Nurul Iman Telaga Jernih
Authors: Saparia  , Ahmad Fuadi  , Muamar Al Qadri
Published: January 2024

The inhibiting factor in increasing students' Spiritual Quotient abilities is that the implementation of learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has not yet fully taken place face-to-face. Instead, learning and teaching activities are limited to the implementation of online or online learning programs. So that the teacher of the Akidah Akhlak study area cannot apply the Habit Forming model by getting students used to applying the material being studied. This type of research was conducted in the form of Classroom Action Research (CAR). According to the type of research chosen, namely classroom action research, this research uses an action research model in the form of a spiral and one cycle to the next cycle. The results of the research in this study that the increase in students' Spiritual Quotient abilities in the pre-cycle to the third cycle. Based on the data of students' completeness scores in increasing the Spiritual Quotient ability in the Akidah Akhlak subject in the pre-cycle to cycle III, this is because in the second cycle the student's mastery value only reaches 77.5%, so based on the results of the coordination of researchers with teachers in the field of study of Akidah Akhlak, the application of the model Habit Forming in the field of study of Akidah Akhlak is continued until cycle III.
Problematika Pembelajaran Daring Di SDN Jelapat Baru Kabupaten Barito Kuala
Authors: Ramadhani M. Ihsan
Published: January 2024

This study aims to (a) find out the problems of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic at SDN Jelapat Baru, Barito Kuala Regency, and (b) find out the impact of online learning on student learning outcomes at SDN Jelapat Baru, Barito Kuala Regency. The method used is a qualitative research method using data collection techniques, namely interviews and documentation. Interview technique by collecting information from school principals, high grade homeroom teachers, high grade students and parents of high grade guardians. The data analysis technique uses several stages, namely: organizing data, grouping based on categories, themes and patterns of answers, testing assumptions or existing problems with data, looking for alternative explanations for data and writing research results. Based on the results of the study, it was found that several problems of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic were found, namely the lack of availability of internet access, there were still students who did not have the tools used as the main media in online learning such as gadgets, some students were still constrained by not having access to the internet. the tools used for online learning media are gadgets, students' lack of sense of responsibility towards assignments, students find it difficult to understand lessons, lack of quotas in learning. The impact of online learning on the learning outcomes of high-grade students at SDN Jelapat Baru, Barito Kuala Regency, during online learning, did not experience a drastic increase or decrease in grades when online learning was implemented.
Pengaruh Permainan Tradisional Egrang Batok Terhadap Keseimbangan Anak Kelompok A Di RA Hidayatul Ihsan NW Tebaban
Authors: Mujtahidin Samsul , Rachman Sry Anita
Published: January 2024

Permainan tradisional egrang batok adalah permainan yang dapat digunakan guru dalam melatih keseimbangan tubuh anak, permainan ini tidak hanya dilakukan di sekolah melainakan bisa dilakukan di rumah. Keseimbangan pada nak sangat perlu untuk dilatih, sehingga penguasaan gerak motorik anak akan menghasilkan keseimbangan yang optimal. Untuk itu penelitian ini bertujuan melihat sejauah mana pengaruh permainan tradisional egrang batok terhadap keseimbangan anak.. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah quasi experiment, dengan rancangan Pre-Test Post-Test Control Group Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelompok A RA Hidayatul Ihsan NW tebababn dan sampel yang digunakan adalah siswa kelompok A1 dan A2. Pengukuran keseimbangan menggunakan Stork Stand Test. Pemberian latihan permainan tradisional egrang tempurung kelapa pada kelompok perlakuan menghasilkan 30 responden (100%) yang mengalami peningkatan keseimbangan statis dan dinamis yang sangat signifikan.  Ada pengaruh permainan tradisional egrang batok terhadap keseimbangan anak usia dini.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Aplikasi Multi APP.V.1.0 Berbasis Online Terhadap Peningkatan Kompetensi Profesional Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam di SMA Negeri 1 Gebang
Authors: Satria Wiguna  , Muhammad Yasin
Published: January 2024

The problem of this research is that the teaching staff and students do not have special expertise in implementing multi App.V.1.0 applications. So that learning and teaching activities have not been effective and efficient due to the application of the model in using wireless internet devices so that not all teachers can operate it. Device limitations to access multiple App.V.1.0 applications are also a major problem. The purpose of the study was to determine the use of multi-app applications. V.1.0 based online in improving the competence of professional teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Gebang. The type of research used is quantitative research. The population was 28 students and took a total sampling (100%) of 28 students. Methods of collecting data using questionnaires, observations, interviews and documentation instruments. The data analysis technique used simple linear regression analysis. Results The conclusion in this study is that there is an effect between the use of Multi App.V.1.0 Applications. Online based on increasing professional competence of SMA Negeri 1 Gebang teachers by knowing the percentage of determination of the value of r xy is as follows: 0.471 x 100% = 47.1%. Thus it can be understood that the use of Multi App.V.1.0 Applications. Online-based has contributed 47.1% in one direction to the improvement of teacher professional competence at SMA Negeri 1 Gebang. The teacher's role in the activity of using Multi App.V.1.0 Applications. Online-Based is the teacher as a facilitator and organizer, which regulates how students learn and provides direction for the material in the use of Multi App.V.1.0 Applications. Online-based, which is followed by students, is easy to understand and interpret in terms of learning outcomes.