bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BENTUK KERJA SAMA PASCASARJANA IAIN CURUP DALAM PENERAPAN MERDEKA BELAJAR KAMPUS MERDEKA (MBKM)
Authors: Sumarto Sumarto , Kholillah Harahap Emmi
Published: July 2022

Kegiatan kerja sama yang dilakukan oleh Pascasarjana IAIN Curup di Pascasarjana UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi, Pascasarjana UIN Sultan Kasim Riau dan Pascasarjana UIN Raden Fatah Palembang dalam hal menerapkan Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) dengan berbagai aspek diantaranya proses perkuliahan dengan pertukaran dosen dan mahasiswa, kolaborasi dalam kegiatan Seminar, Talk Show, Simposium dan Kegiatan Ilmiah lainnya, pertukaran dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan Kuliah Tamu, Stadium General, Visiting Profesor dan Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada masyarakat, kegiatan Magang Mahasiswa lintas program studi, perguruan tinggi dan Industri kerja yang sudah menjadi mitra dari perguruan tinggi. Bentuk kerja sama dengan prinsip gotong royong dengan kesepakatan yang saling memberikan dukungan dan keuntungan dalam peningkatan mutu akreditasi melalui pengumpulan dokumen – dokumen mutu sesuai dengan kriteria Sembilan dari BAN PT. Metodologi Penelitian yang digunakan adalah Kualitatif Deskriptif yaitu mengumpulkan data di lapangan dengan Instrumen pengumpulan data; Observasi, Wawancara dan Dokumentasi kemudian di analisis secara naratif di bagian pembahasan. Teknik Keabsahan data menggunakan Triangulasi Data.
UM FUTURO COMUM: COVID-19, SUSTENTABLIDADE E APRENDIZAGENS
Authors: Jose Hellmann Gilmar , Corrêa da Silva Maclovia
Published: July 2022

O ano de 2020 foi marcado pela disseminação do vírus SARS-CoV-2 pelo Planeta. A doença, somada à outras moléstias, pode se desenvolver em enfermidades diversas. Este artigo trata de aprendizagens provindas da pandemia da doença COVID-19 sob o olhar de parâmetros da sustentabilidade. O objetivo deste texto é apresentar singularidades relacionais de aprendizagens, sustentabilidade e COVID-19, as quais fortalecem as ideias de futuro comum e de satisfação de necessidades das gerações presentes e futuras. Predomina a análise qualitativa das relações humanas e da sustentabilidade nos aspectos ambientais e socioeconômicos durante o fenômeno da pandemia. Ressalta-se a contribuição das ciências sociais aplicadas, ciências humanas e outras áreas do conhecimento para a contextualização do fenômeno e dos seres humanos enquanto portadores de doenças. O texto tem três partes: nosso futuro comum; a sustentabilidade e a doença; aprendizagens para a presente e as futuras gerações. Se for possível inferir sobre as certezas e incertezas nas consequências e nas mediações do fenômeno, será possível identificar aprendizagens, viabilidades globais, nacionais, regionais e locais a serem compiladas, organizadas e socializadas para futuras pandemias. O fenômeno é um marco no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de comunidades em relação ao futuro comum e à sustentabilidade.
Status of Street Tree Inventories in the U.S.
Authors: Bassett John , Lawrence William
Published: July 2022

One of the problems faced by most city foresters is a lack of information about the trees that constitute their urban forest. Where and how many trees are there on city streets? How many specimens of each species are present? How old are they? Are they vigorous or do they need help? How tall are the tallest? What percentage needs pruning or other maintenance? Answers to such questions facilitate planning the maintenance, removal and planting of street trees. As part of a project to design and implement a tree-inventory system for cities, we investigated the status of urban tree-inventory systems in the United States.
Revisiting Menace in Edward Albee’s A Delicate Balance in the Covid-19 Era
Authors: Khamari Zied
Published: July 2022

The outbreak of the COVID-19 in the recent years raised concerns over the welfare and health conditions of the human being, and urged people to reconsider their existence amid this unexpected pandemic. Following the confinement that health authorities all over the world have imposed on citizens to limit the spread of the disease and curb the incredibly increasing number of deaths, some people resorted to the realm of literature seeking relief and consolation, and discovered that threats have always shaped the life of humans throughout history. In reality, various authors addressed the concept of menace and presented life-threatening situations in their works. Edward Albee, for instance, tackles the idea of menace in A Delicate Balance through the introduction of a mysterious plague that destabilized the existence of all the characters. Like the COVID-19 threat, the unknown terror in the play put the lives of the family members at risk and pushed them to question their very existence. The present article, then, seeks to explore Albee’s conceptualization of menace in his work and investigate the overlapping commonalities between the Coronavirus and the plague that has greatly affected the perception and subsistence of the characters and mankind.
Representation of Migrant Women Workers and their Negotiations with the Nation: A Study of Selected Sri Lankan English Fiction
Authors: De Costa Merinnage Nelani
Published: July 2022

Migrant women workers are the main income generators of their families and they contribute to the Sri Lankan economy as a vital part of the labour force. This research explores their representations in Sri Lankan English fiction in terms of how they are perceived and negotiate with their identities. The methodology of this study includes a textual analysis of selected Sri Lankan English fiction such as Vijita Fernando’s “The Homecoming” (1984), Punyakante Wijenaike’s “Anoma” (1996) and Jean Arasanayagam’s The Famished Waterfall (2004). This research aims to scrutinize the representations of migrant women workers within the dominant ideological framework where women are primarily perceived as the cultural disseminators of their nation. One of the research questions of this study is to determine the extent to which migrant women workers are considered transgressive according to the conventional beliefs and values in the mainstream society where women are symbolically equated to the nation. The other is to inquire what are the ways in which these workers come to terms with their identities, interpersonal relationships and negotiations in their journeys from home to host countries. Both questions are deliberated concerning the representation of migrant women workers in Sri Lankan English fiction. Therefore, this research concludes that the narratives of migrant women workers in Sri Lankan English fiction negotiate with their identities, families and interpersonal negotiations. It also critiques the hegemonic and heteropatriarchal perception of such domestic workers within the dominant ideological framework of the nation.
Emancipating the Bracketed Self: Articulating Transcultural and Transnational Identity in Sunetra Gupta’s Memories of Rain
Authors: Hossain Mujaffar , Panda Prasenjit
Published: July 2022

The postcolonial diasporic writers’ favourite trend is diaspora, dislocation, and memory. Women Indian writers living in host countries are far more advanced in this discipline than male writers. Their narratives are reminiscent of the past they left behind, as well as a reflection of the challenges they face in articulating new identities in the host country. Memories of Rain (1992) by Sunetra Gupta is a complicated and difficult postcolonial novel about numerous facets of migration and diaspora, including displacement, acculturation, transculture, and transnationality. Gupta illustrates interculturality and cultural hybridity through the protagonist's marriage to a foreigner. The goal of this research is to investigate the transcultural and transnational aspects of Gupta’s Memories of Rain by applying postcolonial cultural theory of Homi K. Bhabha and Avtar Brah.
Water area and volume calculation of two reservoirs in Central Cuba using Remote Sensing Methods. A new perspective
Authors: Valero-Jorge Alexey , González-De Zayas Roberto , Alcántara-Martín Anamaris , Álvarez-Taboada Flor , Matos-Pupo Felipe , Brown-Manrique Oscar
Published: July 2022

The availability, quality and management of water constitute essential activities of national, regional and local governments and authorities. Historic annual rain (between 1961 and 2020) in Chambas River Basin (Central Cuba) was evaluated. Two remote sensing methods (Normalized Difference Water Index and RADAR images) were used to calculate the variation of water area and volumes of two reservoirs (Chambas II and Cañada Blanca) of Ciego de Ávila Province at end of wet and dry seasons from 2014-2021. The results showed that mean annual rain was 1330.9 ± 287.4 mm and it did not showed any significant tendency at evaluated period. For both reservoirs, mean water areas measured with two methods were 19 % and 8 % smaller than the mean water area reported by authorities for the same period. The static water storage capacity (water volume) of both reservoirs varied (as area) between seasons with the greatest volume in both reservoirs recorded in October of 2017 (30.5 million of m3 in Chambas II and 45.1 million of m3 in Cañada Blanca reservoir). Large deviations of water area and volumes occurred during the dry season (lower values) and the wet season of 2017 (influenced by rain associated to of Hurricane Irma) and wet season of 2020 (influenced by rain associated to tropical storm Laura). Calculated area – volume models with significant statistical correlation are another useful tool that could be used to improve water management in terms of accuracy and to increase reliable results in cases where gauge measurements are scarce or not available.
Breast Cancer-Why We Present Late
Authors: Adeyanju Dr. Ma.
Published: July 2022

Breast cancer incidence is relatively lower in Africa. However, despite its relatively lower incidence, the mortality rate is quite high compared to the west. One of the reasons for the high mortality is late presentation. This prospective study sought to find out the reasons for the late presentation. Materials And Methods: Consecutive patients diagnosed with Breast Cancer at any stage were recruited into the study. A well-structured questionnaire was prepared, oral consent obtained after carefully explaining the purpose of the study. History was taken and physical examination done. The patients were then classified into stages and those in stages III and IV were included in this study. The questionnaires were filled by directly questioning the patients. Data was analyzed by IBM SSPS statistics 24. Result: There were 131/191 (68.6%) respondents who presented late in stages III & IV, all females, with an age range of 25-88 years and a mean of 48.69 (SD 11.35). The highest incidence is in the age range 40-49 with 25.2% (33/131) while the least incidence is found in the age range 80-89 with 4.6% (6/131) only. Of 131 respondents, 75 (57.3%) sought unorthodox help initially when they noticed a problem in their breasts, 4(34.4%) sought some form of orthodox help including visiting health workers at home, going to chemists/ pharmacies while only 11 (8.3%) presented first to our center. Out of 131 respondents, 14.8% (18/131) cited lack of funds, 30.3% (37/131) church/pastors/priests/prayers, 11.5% (14/131) fear of mastectomy, 30.3% (37/131) lack of awareness/knowledge, 39.3% (48/131/) herbal remedy. Other reasons include self-medication, trust in God, hope, etc.
International students' expectations and perceptions of customer service at the Durban University of Technology
Authors:   , Noel Dion Trevor
Published: July 2022

Abstract Over the past few years, higher education institutions (HEI’s) have experienced dramatic changes, in their structuring, funding and student numbers. The tertiary education sector in South Africa faces many new challenges, including, more recently, various mergers and the transformation of technikons into universities of technology. This transformation as not only brought about a change of status in these institutions, but also the mergers of intrinsically different institutions. The broadening of access to higher education under the present government policy has seen a growth in the number of international student applications to tertiary institutions. In an increasingly competitive market for international students, institutions need to provide an optimum service. International students’ perceptions of HEI’s facilities and services are becoming more important. It is apparent that there is a need to measure international students’ expectations and perceptions of service quality at the Durban University of Technology (DUT). The aim of this study was to investigate customer service quality at DUT. The objectives of this study were: to determine international students’ expectations of customer service at DUT; to evaluate international students’ perceptions of customer service at DUT; to identify any gaps between expectations and perceptions of customer service at DUT; and to identify customer service expectation and perception differences according to biographical variables. The instrument used to assess the international students’ expectations and perceptions of service quality was the SERVQUAL questionnaire, measuring expectations and perceptions according to the five quality dimensions. For the purposes of this study, a census was conducted. Hence, a survey was conducted among all international students enrolled in the 2010 academic year. One hundred and ninety two international students were surveyed using the SERVQUAL questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. Conclusions and recommendations were thereafter drawn from the literature and the findings of the study. The study shows that international students’ expectations of service quality exceeded their perceptions on the five service quality dimensions used in the SERVQUAL questionnaire. The smallest dimension gap score proved to be tangibles and reliability, both being equal, while the largest gap score of the study proved to be empathy followed by assurance and responsiveness. Therefore, it is recommended that DUT attend to these gaps and ensure that necessary strategies are implemented so that international students receive a high level of service quality in all areas of the service dimensions.
Broad-based black economic empowerment as a competitive advantage in procurement in the construction industry in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors:   , Goose Dax Edward
Published: July 2022

The aim of this research project was to study the basic understanding the decision makers of construction companies in KwaZulu-Natal had of the Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) initiative. This initiative has evolved from its origins as a form of affirmative action in the early 1990s into the broad-based initiative embodied in the Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment Act promulgated in 2003 and gazetted in 2007. Research was conducted using a questionnaire to assess the targeted population’s understanding of BBBEE. A census of the 259 construction companies affiliated with the KwaZulu-Natal Master Builders Association (NMBA) at the time of the research was used. The questionnaire was distributed primarily by email and the returns were assessed using statistical methods. The results were also tested as a cross-tabulation based on the demographics and the BBBEE rating of the respondents. The findings showed that although most of the respondents knew about the BBBEE initiative and indicated a level of understanding of this policy, certain of their perceived understandings were misguided. The way in which the Act was intended to be implemented and was intended to benefit those who were previously disadvantaged had been misread by all parties. The way in which the government has rolled out its BBBEE initiative has not been effective. This needs to be addressed by both training and partnering with those SMMEs that can most effect change to implement the Act. This study only scratched the surface of the effects the BBBEE legislation will have on small to medium-sized businesses. It has highlighted the need for further research into both the trickle-down effect of this initiative and into the availability of skilled personnel to grow the economy in the way the BBBEE Act intended.
Intellectual property management and protection : low intellectual property registration at universities : a case study of the Durban University of Technology
Authors:   , Bansi Ramika
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the low rate of registration of IP rights such as patents, trademark and design rights at the DUT, through a survey conducted with the academic research staff. Managing IP at a University of Technology today has new dimensions with the implementation of the IP Act 51 of 2008. Stimulation of the development and commercialization of technology within South Africa may benefit the country and its citizens. The knowledge economy indicates that research, development and innovation are fundamental prerequisites for achieving and maintaining competitiveness and sustained growth. The researcher undertook to explore reasons for low IP registration as a means to increase such activity at the DUT. This study adopted both the qualitative and quantitative methodologies with questionnaires distributed to full-time academic staff in selected departments. Factors that contributed to the gap between academic research and intellectual property registration were examined. This study investigates activities relating to patent registration, as well as the academic performance of researchers at DUT. The literature reviewed indicated that factors affecting low intellectual property right activities at the DUT may be a lack of awareness, implications of the ownership provisions, funding and an effective institutional arrangement for the management of intellectual property. This study identified strengths and weakness of DUT‟s IP management system. It is envisaged that the findings of the study will contribute to increasing IP registration at the DUT, in particular, and other UoT‟s in general. Low IP registration can be attributed to lack of understanding and awareness of the ownership provisions of the IP Act. The study highlighted lessons to be learned from universities in other countries and how the DUT‟s system can grow into an efficient and effective means of promoting national innovation and economic growth. In an increasingly global world, the ability to invent, design and manufacture goods and services that people want is more vital to our future prosperity than ever.
Community health worker's perceptions on the training services offered by Masikhulisane : a case study of Inanda, Ntuzuma and KwaMashu in eThekwini Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors:   , Sosibo Dumisani Patrick
Published: July 2022

Access to medical care remains a challenge worldwide. It is particularly severe in developing countries and it is estimated that one million more health care workers are needed in Africa to meet the health related Millennium Development Goals. Though many countries have made significant strides in improving health service delivery by increasing their spending on health care, many health systems remain weak. The situation is no different in South Africa. Community health workers (CHW’s) are thought to be an answer to improving health care delivery. They can be trained to do specialized tasks, such as providing sexually transmitted disease counselling, directly observed therapy and act as birth attendants. Others work on specific programmes performing limited medical evaluations and treatment. With proper training, monitoring, supervision and support, CHW’s have shown to be able to achieve outcomes in terms of health care service delivery. The researcher undertook this study to investigate the perceptions of CHW’s on the training services offered by Masikhulisane (MK). A case study of Inanda, Ntuzuma and KwaMashu (INK) used a mix method approach to determine the perceptions of community health workers on the training services offered by Masikhulisane. The researcher distributed questionnaires to six groups of CHW’s in the INK area at different venues. The findings of the study are useful in making evidence-based improvements in the MK education programme that targets various sectors, including CHW’s. From the findings of this study, it was concluded that CHW’s can make a valuable contribution to improved access and coverage of communities with basic health services. It is recommended that the Masikhulisane training programme should be accredited, the Masikhulisane sectoral approach should be broadened to reach more sectors not reached before and the training content should be revisited to ensure acceptability and appropriateness for targeted sectors.
İŞ İLGİSİZLİĞİ ÖLÇEĞİNİN TÜRKÇE FORMU: GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: ERGİN Zeynep Öznur , TEKBAŞ Gözde , BALCI ÇELİK Seher
Published: July 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Schmidt ve diğerleri (2017) tarafından geliştirilen İş İlgisizliği Ölçeğini Türkçe’ye uyarlayarak, geçerlik ve güvenirliğinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Yöntem: Çalışmada yarı zamanlı veya tam zamanlı bir işte çalışan 224 katılımcı ile yapı geçerliği ve güvenirlik çalışmaları yapılmış, 120 katılımcı ile ayırt edici geçerliği test edilmiştir. Dilsel geçerlik çalışması için, Pearson korelasyon analizi ve bağımlı örneklemler t testi kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama araçları olarak iş ilgisizliği ölçeği, iş tatmini ölçeği ve araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen kişisel bilgi formu kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Geçerlik çalışması kapsamında yürütülen doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ölçeğin iki faktörlü yapısının doğrulandığı görülmüştür. Ayırt edici geçerlik çalışması için İş Tatmini Ölçeği kullanılmış ve İş İlgisizliği alt ölçekleri ile İş Tatmini Ölçeği arasında negatif yönde ve önemli bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin güvenirlik çalışmaları kapsamında, Cronbach Alpha iç tutarlık katsayısı, ölçeğin bütünü için 0,92; ilgisiz düşünce için 0,92 ve ilgisiz eylem için 0,85 bulunmuştur. Bulgular, İş İlgisizliği Ölçeğinin çalışma hayatında yer alan bireylerin işe yönelik tutumlarını değerlendirmede geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu ve Türk kültüründe kullanılabileceğini ortaya koymuştur.
Özgünlük: Alan yazında iş ilgisizliği gibi güncel bir sorunu ölçmeyi amaçlayan herhangi bir ölçme aracına rastlanmamıştır.
YENİ BİR ÇOK KRİTERLİ KARAR VERME YÖNTEMİ: BULUT ENDEKS-BETA (BE-β)
Authors: TOP Mehmet , BULUT Tevfik
Published: July 2022

Amaç: Çalışmanın temel amacı, Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) problemlerinin çözümü için geliştirilen Bulut Endeks-Beta (BE-β) yöntemini hem teorik hem de uygulamalı olarak tanıtmaktır. Bu kapsamda Bulut Endeks (BE) ile bu yöntemin gelişmiş versiyonu olan BE-β karşılaştırılmıştır.
Yöntem: Yöntemler, Türkiye’deki Temel Eczacılık Ürünlerinin ve Eczacılığa İlişkin Malzemelerin İmalatı sektörünün 2006-2019 dönemi finansal tablo verileri üzerinden test edilmiştir. BE-β versiyonunda işlem adımları hem kısaltılmış hem de sadeleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca her iki yöntemden elde edilen bulgular arasındaki ilişki, Spearman Sıra ve Kendall Tau Korelasyon yöntemleri ile ölçülmüştür.
Bulgular: Spearman sıra ve Kendall Tau korelasyonları sonuçlarına göre BE ve BE-β sıralamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmayan negatif bir ilişki vardır. Temel Eczacılık Ürünlerinin ve Eczacılığa İlişkin Malzemelerin İmalatı sektörünün 2006-2019 dönemi değerlendirildiğinde BE yöntemine göre en iyi alternatif, 57,52 BE skoruna sahip 2019 yılıdır. BE-β yönteminde ise en iyi alternatif 68,12 BE-β skoruna sahip 2014 yılıdır. BE yöntemine göre en düşük performansın gösterildiği alternatif 38,96 BE skoruna sahip 2010 yılıdır. Benzer şekilde BE-β yönteminde de en düşük performansın gösterildiği alternatif 30,72 BE-β skoruna sahip 2010 yılıdır.
Özgünlük: ÇKKV problemlerinin çözümüne yönelik dinamik ve kolay uygulanabilir özgün bir endeks ortaya konulmuştur. Ayrıca endekslerle daha alt seviyelerde çıktı üretilebilmesinden dolayı daha zengin iç görü elde edilerek derinlemesine analiz yapılabilmektedir.
ÇİN VE ABD EKONOMİLERİ ARASINDAKİ REKABETTE KURUMSAL FAKTÖRLERİN ROLÜ: GİRDİ-ÇIKTI ANALİZİ
Authors: TAŞ Fatma
Published: July 2022

Amaç: Çin ekonomisi, az gelişmiş ülke konumundan dünyanın en büyük ikinci ekonomisi konumuna gelmiştir. Günümüzde, ABD ekonomisi üzerindeki etkisi tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ise Çin, hangi büyüme modelini izleyerek ekonomik güç elde etmiştir sorusuna cevap bulmaktır.
Yöntem: Çalışmada girdi-çıktı analizi kullanılmıştır. Çin-ABD arasında yaşanan rekabet savaşı, ihracata dayalı büyüme modeli çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır. Bu karşılaştırma 1990-2003 ile 2003-2011 dönemlerine ayrılarak incelenmiştir.
Bulgular: Yapılan analiz sonucuna göre Çin ve ABD için farklı sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Çin; düşük maliyetli üretim, değersiz döviz kuru politikası ve yüksek teknoloji ile rekabet gücü elde etmiştir. 1990-2003 ve 2003-2011 dönemlerinde ihracata dayalı büyüme modeli ile ekonomik güç kazanmıştır. ABD’de ise yüksek maliyetli üretimin süreklilik taşıdığı görülmüştür. Zamanla Çin’e karşı rekabet gücü azalmış ve dış ticarette sürekli açık vermiştir. Bu nedenle Çin’in rekabet gücü, ABD ekonomisi üzerinde rolünün büyük önem taşıdığı tespit edilmiştir.
Özgünlük: Literatürdeki çalışmalardan farklı olarak, iki farklı döneme ayrılıp iki ülke arasındaki rekabetin kurumsal faktörler yoluyla, girdi-çıktı analizi ile incelenmesidir. Ücret artışı ile döviz kuru arasındaki ilişki çalışılmıştır.
Representation learning with reward prediction errors
Authors: Alexander William H. , Gershman Samuel J.
Published: July 2022

The Reward Prediction Error hypothesis proposes that phasic activity in the midbrain dopaminergic system reflects prediction errors needed for learning in reinforcement learning. Besides the well-documented association between dopamine and reward processing, dopamine is implicated in a variety of functions without a clear relationship to reward prediction error. Fluctuations in dopamine levels influence the subjective perception of time, dopamine bursts precede the generation of motor responses, and the dopaminergic system innervates regions of the brain, including hippocampus and areas in prefrontal cortex, whose function is not uniquely tied to reward. In this manuscript, we propose that a common theme linking these functions is representation, and that prediction errors signaled by the dopamine system, in addition to driving associative learning, can also support the acquisition of adaptive state representations. In a series of simulations, we show how this extension can account for the role of dopamine in temporal and spatial representation, motor response, and abstract categorization tasks. By extending the role of dopamine signals to learning state representations, we resolve a critical challenge to the Reward Prediction Error hypothesis of dopamine function.
Ebû İshâk el-Cûzcânî’nin Kûfe Ehline Yönelik Cerhlerinin Mezhep Taassubu Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Aydın Nevzat
Published: July 2022

Cerh-ta’dil faaliyetlerinde beşerî zaafların yanısıra mezheb taassubundan kaynaklanan olumsuzluklar, ricâl tenkidinin geçerliliği ve güvenilirliğini ilk dönemlerden itibaren tartışmaya açmıştır. Bu noktada ricâl tenkidinin olgunlaşıp cerh ve tadil faaliyetlerinin sistematik bir yapı kazandığı, özellikle duafâ literatürünün oluştuğu hicrî III. asrın araştırılması, alandaki tartışmalara katkı sağlamak adına önem arz etmektedir. Bu makale, hicrî III. asırda bid’at ehline yönelik aşırı tenkitleriyle dikkat çeken cerh-ta’dil âlimlerinden Ebû İshâk el-Cûzcânî’nin (öl. 259/873) , “Ahvâlu’r-ricâl” adlı eserinden hareketle, bid’at ehlinin rivayeti karşısındaki tutumu etrafında Şiî eğilimli Kûfeli râvilere yönelik cerhlerinin mezhep taassubu açısından değerlendirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Cûzcânî, eserinde geniş bir yer tutan ve teşeyyü ile itham edilen Kûfeli râvilere yönelik tenkitlerinde mezhebî taassubla hareket ettiği ve müteşeddit olduğu şeklinde eleştirilmiştir. Özellikle hakkındaki Nâsibîlik ithamı, Kûfeli râvilere karşı taassup beslediği iddiasına neden olmuştur. Ancak, Cûzcânî’nin sadece müteşeyyî râvilere yönelik değil, diğer bid’at fırkalara mensup râvilere karşı da aşırı tenkitlerinin olması, cerhlerinin taassubtan ziyade hadis uydurma hareketindeki rolleri nedeniyle bid’at ehline ve onların rivayetlerine karşı olumsuz tavrından kaynaklandığı anlaşılmıştır.
Temporal variability of tropospheric ozone and ozone profiles in Korean Peninsula during the East Asian summer monsoon: Insights from multiple measurements and reanalysis datasets
Authors: Bak Juseon , Song Eun-Ji , Lee Hyo-Jung , Liu Xiong , Koo Ja-Ho , Kim Joowan , Jeon Wonbae , Kim Jae-Hwan , Kim Cheol-Hee
Published: July 2022

Abstract. We investigate the temporal variations of the ground-level ozone and balloon-based ozone profiles at Pohang (36.02° N, 129.23° E) in Korean Peninsula. Satellite measurements and chemical reanalysis products are also intercompared to address their capability of providing a consistent information on the temporal and vertical variability of atmospheric ozone. Sub-seasonal variations of the summertime lower tropospheric ozone exhibit a bimodal pattern related to atmospheric weather patterns modulated by the East Asian monsoon circulation. The peak ozone abundances occur during the pre-summer monsoon with enhanced ozone formation due to favorable meteorological conditions (dry and sunny). Ozone concentrations reach its minimum during the summer monsoon and then remerges in autumn before the winter monsoon arrives. Profile measurements indicates that ground-level ozone is vertically mixed up 400 hPa in summer while the impact of the summer monsoon on ozone dilution is found up to 600 hPa. Compared to satellite measurements, reanalysis products largely overestimate ozone abundances in both troposphere and stratosphere and give inconsistent features of temporal variations. Nadir-viewing measurements from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) slightly underestimate the boundary layer ozone, but well represent the bimodal peaks of ozone in the lower troposphere and the interannual changes of the lower tropospheric ozone in August, with higher ozone concentrations during the strong El Niño events and the low ozone concentrations in during the 2020 La Niña event.
APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING TO STUDY THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF 2020 WILDFIRE EVENTS ON THE GLACIERS OF MOUNT BAKER, WASHINGTON
Authors: Campbell S. E. , Hossain A. K. M. A.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Wildfire activity across the globe has been on the rise in recent years, as climate change continues to warm global temperatures. Wildfires generate ash, soot, and other light-absorbing particles (LAPs) that can be deposited on glacial surfaces. However, understanding the true effects of wildfires on glaciers is difficult to assess, because in situ field measurements can be difficult to obtain. Catastrophic wildfires plagued the Western United States in 2020 and emitted large amounts of LAPs into the atmosphere. LAPs make their way to the surfaces of glaciers through long-range transport through the atmosphere and through wet and dry deposition. Satellite imagery shows that LAPs cause significant snow-darkening of glaciers on large glacial surfaces, like polar ice sheets. However, the methods for using remote sensing technology on smaller, more regional surfaces is less understood. This study uses a time series of 3 Sentinel-2 multispectral images to assess the changes on the glacier surfaces of Mount Baker, Washington in response to the record-breaking 2020 wildfire season in the Western US. This is ongoing research. Preliminary results suggest that the use of NDSII2 calculations is a viable method for visualizing and understanding LAPs on glaciers. Increased wildfire activity in response to climate change will have a significant impact on glaciers across the world and utilizing remote sensing technology to assess those effects will be crucial to monitoring future changes in the cryosphere.
Inovasi Kesehatan: Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian COVID-19 di RSUD Brebes (Analisis Data Rekam Medis Tahun 2020-2022)
Authors: Pangesti Kunthi Silviana , Siyam Nur
Published: July 2022

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 merupakan coronavirus jenis baru yang belum pernah diidentifikasi sebelumnya pada manusia. Tujuan dari pelaksanaan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian COVID-19 di RSUD Brebes. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian survei analitik, dengan rancangan survei cross sectional. Data yang diperoleh dari data sekunder rekam medis RSUD Brebes tahun 2020-2021. Jumlah responden yang dianalisis yaitu 566. Data diolah dengan menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil: penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara Riwayat kontak dengan penderita (p=0,026), riwayat penyakit komorbid diabetes melitus (p=0,006), dan riwayat penyakit komorbid kardiovaskular (p=0,004) dengan kejadian COVID-19 di RSUD Brebes. Kesimpulan: bagi institusi kesehatan agar lebih giat dalam melakukan promosi kesehatan tentang protokol kesehatan yang harus dilakukan terkait COVID-19 dan menginformasikan kepada masyarakat tentang penyakit komorbid yang dapat meningkatkan risiko seseorang untuk terkena COVID-19.
Absoluto e infinito: sobre las discrepancias en torno al problema del horizonte del aparecer en Henry y Patočka
Authors: Rivera Schneider Fabián
Published: July 2022

En el presente artículo nos proponemos reflexionar sobre las discrepancias en torno al horizonte del aparecer en la fenomenología, a partir de Henry y Patočka. En este sentido, se intenta mostrar, por un lado, cómo es que para el filósofo francés la Vida sería el fenómeno fundamental a estudiar, Vida que tendría como un carácter esencial ser absoluta, por tanto, diferente a cualquier fundamentación que la repliegue a un horizonte externo que fraccione aquel carácter absoluto. Por su parte, se buscará mostrar cómo el pensador checo entiende que el proceder fenomenológico debería guiarse por un principio asubjetivo, esto en el interés de criticar el garante subjetivo de la intencionalidad correlacional. Esta tendencia asubjetiva se completaría en el intento de remitir el aparecer al campo del aparecer, hacia un horizonte infinito de aparición, el cual no tendría la necesidad de estar sustentado por la inmanencia de la conciencia. En definitiva, se intentará mostrar cómo absoluto e infinito actúan respectivamente como la negación y la afirmación del horizonte del aparecer en la fenomenología.
La obligación política en Hume. Entre precariedad y escepticismo
Authors: Darat Guerra Nicole
Published: July 2022

El primer objetivo del presente artículo es reconstruir el concepto de obligación política en Hume a partir de lo expuesto en el Tratado de la naturaleza humana y en algunos de sus ensayos políticos. Hume es crítico del contractualismo y su idea del consentimiento como fundamento de la legitimidad de la autoridad, proponiendo en su lugar lo que llama “aquiescencia precaria”. El segundo objetivo es analizar el alcance del escepticismo humeano respecto de la obligación política y verificar si se extiende a la obligación de cumplir las reglas de justicia. Para ello analizaremos la figura del sensible knave introducida en la Investigación de los principios de la moral, y la respuesta que Hume le da a quienes se resisten a cumplir las reglas. Concluiremos que el escepticismo humeano que se ve reflejado en su comprensión de la obligación política, afecta también a su respuesta a los potenciales infractores de las reglas, sin embargo, más que un fallo en el argumento de Hume sería una ventaja para pensar la política más allá de los dogmatismos.
La estela del debate sobre la esclavitud de los indios americanos en Lope, Tirso y Calderón
Authors: Perdices de Blas Luis , Ramos Gorostiza José Luis
Published: July 2022

Son numerosos los estudios que, desde diferentes perspectivas, han tratado el debate mantenido en el Imperio español durante el siglo XVI sobre la esclavitud del indio americano, protagonizado –entre otros– por Francisco de Vitoria y sus discípulos de la Escuela de Salamanca, y también –fuera del ámbito académico– por fray Bartolomé de las Casas y Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda. El objeto de este trabajo es estudiar si este debate caló en la sociedad española. Para ello se analizan tres piezas teatrales del Siglo de Oro firmadas por dramaturgos de la talla de Tirso de Molina, Lope de Vega y Pedro Calderón de Barca, que –dada su enorme popularidad– tuvieron capacidad de llegar al considerable público que se congregaba en los corrales de comedias. ¿Se impregnaron estos tres dramaturgos de la controversia sobre los indios protagonizada, entre otros autores, por Vitoria, Las Casas y Sepúlveda? ¿Captaron plenamente en sus obras el sutil debate que mantuvieron Vitoria, Las Casas y Sepúlveda cuando interpretaron de forma diferente los argumentos aristotélicos sobre la esclavitud y las consecuencias que de ellos se derivaban en cuanto la posibilidad de esclavizar o no a los indios?
Indicios de pensamiento pre-ilustrado en Francisco Suárez: sobre la igualdad de los sexos
Authors: Burlando Giannina
Published: July 2022

Se intenta reconocer a modo de ensayo la coherencia de postulados políticos de Suárez y su antropología. Para tal propósito vierto una selección de textos, principalmente del Libro tercero del De opere sex dierum, donde se da testimonio de los fundamentos que revelan no sólo indicios de un pensamiento preilustrado en Suárez, sino la relevancia de temas que se encuentran en sus escritos que quedan por explorar en cualquiera de sus volúmenes. He dividido este trabajo en dos secciones: La primera, hace breve mención a la defensa de la igualdad de los sexos en François Poullain de la Barre. Además, alude a la virtud política de Descartes y su defensa de la diferencia de los sexos. La segunda y central, exhibe argumentos olvidados del tratado De opere sex dierum de Suárez, donde se aborda la cuestión de la igualdad de los sexos.
Mayo del 68 y la historia de la filosofía
Authors: Espinoza Pino Mario , Moreno Pestaña José Luis
Published: July 2022

En este artículo nos interrogamos sobre los efectos de Mayo del 68 en la historia de la filosofía. Para abordar esta cuestión elaboramos una reconstrucción del marco filosófico y el campo académico en los compases previos a la revuelta, señalando cómo dentro de los estilos filosóficos existentes se preparaban importantes mutaciones –fundamentalmente en las relaciones entre la filosofía y las ciencias–. A partir de la trayectoria de Pierre Macherey, mostramos las características del espacio filosófico del Mayo del 68 y sus cambios –ampliación de públicos, hibridación de la filosofía con otros saberes, empresas intelectuales colectivas, filiación militante de los discursos –, mostrando cómo se estabilizan nuevos modelos de filosofía ya en el Post 68. En este punto,  abordamos la práctica filosófica de Michel Foucault y Louis Althusser, explorando sus innovaciones a la hora de entender la filosofía. Finalmente, trazamos un diálogo entre las concepciones de la filosofía de Althusser y Macherey; en sus tensiones se expresan las posibilidades de un nuevo canon filosófico y una nueva práctica de la filosofía.
El problema del nuevo testimonio en Chile. Relatos de víctimas de tortura y abuso sexual
Authors: Carbullanca Núñez César
Published: July 2022

El artículo estudia la emergencia de testimonios de torturados durante la dictadura militar y posteriormente de testimonios de víctimas de abusos sexuales y de conciencia por parte de sacerdotes chilenos, postulando que estamos frente un nuevo tipo de testimonio que emerge de situaciones de violencia. La pesquisa realiza un análisis semiótico de estos relatos estudiando axiomas que caracterizan este tipo de texto sosteniendo que estos textos poseen una relevancia epistémica y teológica esencial para la superación de la crisis eclesial.
Repensando la relación entre lo secular y lo religioso. Análisis de dos puntos ciegos asociados a la teoría de la secularización
Authors: Gil-Gimeno Javier
Published: July 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar dos confusiones o puntos ciegos asociados a la teoría de la secularización, fundamentalmente en lo que respecta a la relación que establece entre lo secular y lo religioso. Para ello tomamos como punto de partida el trabajo de José Casanova titulado Genealogías de la secularización, en el que estudia las tres sub-tesis a partir de las que se articula dicha teoría: diferenciación entre esferas seculares y religiosas, declive generalizado de la creencia y de la práctica religiosa y privatización de lo religioso. Una vez señalado lo anterior, el primero de los «blindspots» que analizaremos parte de abordar la secularización desde la perspectiva de la primera sub-tesis y se manifiesta en forma de euro-centrismo o de cristiano-centrismo. Desde esta perspectiva, la particularidad cristiano-europea se utiliza como patrón general de secularización; el segundo «blindspot» se centra en la segunda sub-tesis (aunque en menor medida también en la tercera) y parte de una identificación absoluta entre lo religioso y la religión. Desde este punto de vista, la teoría de la secularización reduce el fenómeno religioso a la religión, dejando fuera de esta ecuación una importante cantidad de formas religiosas que no consiguen (o no buscan) sistematizarse (tal y como la religión exige).
Pluralismo religioso y políticas públicas locales: el caso del islam bangladesí en Madrid
Authors: Salguero Montaño Óscar , Griera Mar
Published: July 2022

En el actual contexto global de pluralismo religioso, el reconocimiento social e institucional de los grupos religiosos depende, por una parte, de los marcos normativos y de la voluntad política de los representantes públicos y de sus gestores; y, por otra, de las estrategias de institucionalización que adopten los grupos religiosos, como su visibilización en el espacio público o la participación ciudadana en la vida política del municipio. El análisis de estas relaciones y de su incidencia en la sociedad, permite, analizar la emergencia de nuevos modelos de gobernanza de lo religioso en el ámbito local. Este artículo pretende, a partir del estudio de caso de la comunidad musulmana bangladesí de Madrid en el barrio de Lavapiés, analizar la gestión del Ayuntamiento de Madrid de la diversidad religiosa de la ciudad entre 2015 y 2019, coincidiendo con la alcaldía de Manuela Carmena y la candidatura ciudadana de Ahora Madrid.
Castro Lodeiro, José Antonio, Venid y trabajad. ¡Es tiempo de alabar! Serie Instituto Bíblico y Oriental, 5. Estella, Verbo Divino, 2020, 355 pp. ISBN: 978-84-9073-546-6
Authors: Vega Prieto Óscar
Published: July 2022

Reseña de la obra de Castro Lodeiro, José Antonio, Venid y trabajad. ¡Es tiempo de alabar! Serie Instituto Bíblico y Oriental, 5. Estella, Verbo Divino, 2020, 355 pp. ISBN: 978-84-9073-546-6.
Time for a New Sherman Act? The Debate on Antitrust Reform in Historical Perspective
Authors: William H. Rooney  , Timothy G. Fleming
Published: July 2022

The Sherman Antitrust Act (“Sherman Act” or “Act”), the Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914, and the Clayton Antitrust Act represent the core antitrust statutes. While these core statutes have remained largely the same, antitrust law has undergone sea changes since the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. To place the contemporary debate in historical context, this Introduction traces the trajectory of the Sherman Act and its diverging interpretations from the Act’s inception to date. This Introduction discusses the state of antitrust law during the early years of the twentieth-century, which featured the judicial development of the rule of reason. It also address the Progressive Era amendments to the antitrust laws, which reflected that era’s increased confidence in the efficacy of governmental and regulatory intervention as reflected in the amendments to the Clayton and FTC Acts. The Introduction then focuses on the state of antitrust law during the middle years of the twentieth century, sometimes characterized as operating according to a “big is bad” principle. It then turns to the modern era and discusses the last great revolution in antitrust thought: the arrival of the consumer welfare standard, which directs courts and practitioners to view antitrust law through the prism of how a given practice affects the consumer. This standard often, though not exclusively, focuses on a practice’s impact on prices and output. The Introduction discusses what may be the next revolution in antitrust thought, which some characterize as “the New Brandeis Movement.” It largely addresses the impact of increased concentration on economic as well as social and political issues. Finally, the Introduction concludes by discussing the various legislative proposals, from both Democrats and Republicans, to reform antitrust law, either through modest alterations or thorough overhauls.
The Rejected Threat of Corporate Vote Suppression: The Rise and Fall of the Anti-Activist Pill
Authors: Jeffrey N. Gordon
Published: July 2022

As disciplinary takeovers are replaced by activist shareholder campaigns, managements may well want to turn to the “anti-activist pill” as shelter from the storm. The economic shock from the widespread shutdown to combat the Covid-19 pandemic produced dozens of so-called “crisis pills.” The defense of these pills as avoiding “disruption” and “distraction” of managements can be seen as a test run for broader use of poison pills to fend off shareholder activism. The Delaware courts, first Chancery and then the Supreme Court, rejected this managerial defense tactic in a way that clarifies the role of the poison pill in corporate governance. In the context of a hostile tender offer, the pill may be legitimated as protecting the statutory “two-step” for a merger: first, screening and negotiating by the board, followed by a shareholder vote on a proposed merger. Delaware’s board-centric model relies on another statutory mechanism—a director election contest—as the appropriate avenue for managerial accountability. Various elements of the poison pill—the cap on share ownership and a definition of “beneficial owner” that goes beyond “record owner”—have unfortunate side effects on election contests but are necessary to prevent unvetted shifts in control via tender offer or the gradual accumulation of stock (a “creeping tender offer”) either directly or with confederates. An anti-activist pill converts these side effects into its very mechanism, precisely to block a successful director election contest. An election contest is different from a tender offer in this critical respect: Success requires persuasion of a shareholder majority who will remain shareholders after the event. A low pill trigger reduces the activist’s economic incentives and can reduce its credibility; a capacious definition of beneficial ownership burdens its task of persuasion. The Delaware Courts’ reaffirmation of the legitimating role of the shareholder franchise is particularly important now, as the set of shareholder activists expands to include ESG activists who will use director election contests to propose broader conceptions of corporate purpose and shareholder value pursuit.