bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Auto Encoders for Automatic Sensor Validation; Tomorrows Data with Yesterday's Sensors
Authors: Gupta Soumya , Chatar Crispin , R. Celaya José
Published: February 2020

Since the early 1920s, sensors have been used on drilling rigs to enable making operations decisions. Drilling operators have always relied on human intervention whenever the data were questionable. Automation, remote operations, smart systems and digital technology are all words which describe the recent directional change for well construction. These changes can have a huge impact on the efficiency, safety and cost of operations. The drilling industry needs real time validation of data. With the volume of data being generated on today's rigs, this requires measures beyond human capacity. There are many gaps which need to be addressed if the industry is to make this standard in the future. For example, to make automation to work, the data fed into the smart systems for decision making must be cleaned, corrected and calibrated.

This paper presents how machine learning techniques from other industries can be modified and applied to the data from drilling rig sensors. There are numerous strategies employed in medical, space and government agencies where validating data has been important to success. Of these strategies, a few were selected for drilling operation applications. An auto-encoder was used to study low dimensional data representations in an unsupervised manner. This algorithm was then adjusted to allow for partial reconstruction and handling processed drilling data. Reconstruction errors were used as a metric to identify potential errors and highlight them for the domain experts. Additionally, to identify errors, artificial potential errors were injected into the system and then the system was tested to understand if the errors could be identified by our methods. The results show that we can correctly identify anomalies such as missing data, outliers and sensor drift, using reconstruction errors. The model presented in this paper is based on drilling data from thousands of wells and tested on additional data as well as simulated data.
Automated Evaluation of Rocks Physical Properties to Enhance Drilling Efficiency and Reduce Non-Productive Time
Authors: Al-Rubaii Mohammed Murif , Mahmoud Mohammed Ahmed , Gajbhiye Rahul N , Al-Yami Abdullah , Al-Awami Mohammed B , Alafnna Saad
Published: February 2020

Evaluating physical properties of rock while drilling can improve and optimize drilling operations and save time and cost of the drilling operation. Logging tools, correlations, mini-frac test, micro-frac test, and coring operations are used to have required parameters of physical properties of rock to have a clear image about features of drilled formation. However, most of them are expensive, consumed time, decelerate wells’ deliveries and have impact of error influence. In this paper, physical properties of rock were calculated by using surface drilling parameters and fluid rheological properties to ensure delivery of wells with efficient drilling operations in optimum time and cost. Surface drilling parameters and fluid rheological properties were collected to evaluate rock physical properties. The drilling parameters and mud rheological properties in certain hole sections were analyzed first to determine the effect of rate of penetration (ROP) and cuttings concentration in annulus (CCA) on physical rock properties of rock. Evaluating physical rock properties while drilling from surface drilling parameters and fluid rheology properties will help and enhance the drilling operations, minimize drilling problems and has a major impact on cost optimization. The data selected are from the same hole size, formation type and mud type. The relationship between collected drilling parameters, fluid rheological properties and physical rock properties were then evaluated to determine the relationships of the correlations strengths. This is the first time to evaluate physical rock properties from drilling surface parameters and fluid rheological properties and showed acceptable calculated values. The results of this work include a developed model of rock bulk density that has been validated and compared with sonic and bulk density logs. The model has shown very low absolute error (less than 2%). Other physical properties of rock were determined based on developed bulk density model by using strong correlations that are applicable for same scenario. Evaluation of physical rock properties in the hole sections was tested and helped estimate bulk density, porosity and Ultimate Compressive Strength (UCS).
A Physics Model Embedded Hybrid Deep Neural Network for Drillstring Washout Detection
Authors: Jeong Cheolkyun , Yu Yingwei , Mansour Darine , Vesslinov Velizar , Meehan Richard
Published: February 2020

One of the practical challenges in the oil and gas industry is the lack of quality data for applying machine learning techniques. A way to tackle this problem is to build a hybrid system that combines physics models with machine learning workflows. To demonstrate the applicability, the proposed hybrid model has been applied to drillstring washout detection which is relatively a common but severe and very expensive failure in drilling.

We propose a hybrid deep neural network (hybrid-DNN) composed of three components – Parameter Network (PNet) for estimating model parameters, Residue Network (RNet) for predicting regression or classification results, and a physics model appropriate for the problem at hand. PNet learns the system behavior based on the embedded physics model, which it controls through adjusting model parameters. RNet utilizes the outputs from the PNet and physics model as input and is being trained for predicting the residual. Once trained, the hybrid system can control the parameters of the physics model and predict the desired results in real-time.

The proposed hybrid system has been applied to drillstring washout detection. Traditionally, drillstring washouts have been detected by monitoring the trends of hydraulic coefficients between standpipe pressure and flow rate of the circulated drilling fluid. Several data-driven methods based on statistical change detection have been tried to automatically detect the occurrence of abnormal trends. However, most current applications struggle to identify true washout events since they largely overlap with normal drilling patterns in noisy measurements.

The hybrid-DNN has been verified by augmented drillstring washout cases and actual field events. When fed with a real-time data stream, it is able to extract the optimized model parameters and identify normal drilling conditions and potential washout situations. It also demonstrates that the hybrid-DNN predicts more reliable results without false-positives compared to the data-driven approach without a physics model. The proposed physics model embedded hybrid-DNN provides a general-purpose framework for many different domain problems based on physics.
An Approach to Autonomous Drilling
Authors: Cayeux Eric , Mihai Rodica , Carlsen Liv , Stokka Sigmund
Published: February 2020

To date, solutions for drilling automation have focused on assisting functionalities to the drilling process by the mean of fault detection, isolation and recovery (FDIR) functions, safe operating envelopes (SOE), control methods applied to a few parameters, and automated standard procedures. Yet, the decision to execute different functions has been left to a human operator. In this paper, we address the next level in drilling automation: a method to achieve autonomous drilling.

Autonomous drilling requires that the software solution is capable to adapt itself to unexpected situations, to learn both online and from experience, all this in a timely fashion and with incomplete information. Our approach to autonomous drilling is based on the minimization of a "cost" function that incorporates both performance evaluations and risk assessments, in order to reach a certain goal. Here, our objective is to minimize the drilling time to arrive at the section total depth (TD). This time evaluation also includes possible delays that could be incurred in case of drilling incidents.

Since the drilling system is non-holonomic, it is necessary to consider all past states in order to evaluate the current state of the system. Thus, the method relies on the propagation of uncertainties for the evaluation of the current situation and foreseeable alternative developments of the drilling operation to reach the section TD. Therefore, the availability of well distributed measurements in space and time, with acceptable accuracies, allows for driving the drilling operation more aggressively than in the case of sparse information of poor quality. On the other hand, when the drilling downhole conditions start to deteriorate, the autonomous drilling function applies, by itself, remedial procedures to keep the time to TD as low as possible.

The novel autonomous drilling method is built on top of existing drilling automation solutions. The necessary adjustments to these systems are also described. A virtual test rig environment that is a replicate of an actual full-scale test rig, is used to develop and qualify the new autonomous drilling solution, before a final demonstration on an actual full-scale test rig.

The automatic management focusing at the same time on short, medium and long-term horizons when balancing between performance and risk is the key factor to obtain a software solution that adapts itself to unexpected situations. Concomitantly, the use of systematic error propagation enables to learn from past measurements what are normal and abnormal states of the drilling system, therefore fulfilling the main requirements of an autonomous system.
The Nature of the Interaction Between Stick/Slip and High-Frequency Torsional Oscillations
Authors: Hohl Andreas , Kulke Vincent , Kueck Armin , Herbig Christian , Reckmann Hanno , Ostermeyer Georg-Peter
Published: February 2020

The drilling process is impacted by vibrations through limited drilling efficiency and rate of penetration, reduced reliability and increased non-productive time. The understanding of the mechanisms and physics that lead to high levels of vibrations is extremely important to elaborate vibration mitigation strategies. A typical vibration excitation mechanism is forced response excitation, e.g., caused by the imbalance of the mud motor that can lead to lateral resonance with severe impact on tool life. Self-excitation is prominently caused by the bit-rock interaction and mainly excites torsional oscillations if PDC bits are used. Representations are stick/slip with low frequencies (<1 Hz) and high-frequency torsional oscillations (HFTO) with frequencies up to 500 Hz.

The large frequency gap between stick/slip and HFTO allows for different effects and excessively increasing loads. The nature of this interaction is diverse and requires different strategies to reduce the loads associated to HFTO and stick/slip to a minimum.

The interaction between stick/slip and HFTO is analyzed and appropriate drilling optimization strategies are proposed. Several scenarios are discussed by examination of high-frequency downhole data (1000 Hz) measured in different field applications and physical modeling. It is shown that averaged statistical data or diagnostic data that are typically available can lead to misinterpretation of the drilling conditions. The first scenario is pure HFTO. The second scenario is stick-slip with superimposed HFTO that can lead to an amplification (up to factor two) or reduction of HFTO loads compared to the first scenario. Influencing parameters are discussed that determine either an amplification or a reduction of the loads in the second scenario. The third scenario shows the interaction in the context of stability measures that are determined by the operational parameters. The increased rotary speed in the slip phase of stick/slip can lead to a stabilization of HFTO and actually decreasing amplitudes.

The observations in the field are further validated using theoretical drilling scenarios. For each scenario different strategies are presented to reduce the field loads associated to HFTO and the compromise of the strategies to the drilling efficiency and rate of penetration is discussed. The nature of the interaction between stick/slip and HFTO is analyzed and unveiled.

Clearly, the necessary depth of understanding can only be achieved by analysis of high-frequency downhole data. The physics-based interpretation of the problem allows the development of very specific drilling optimization strategies. Depending on the scenario a complete mitigation of HFTO or at least a significant reduction of loads can be achieved. Ultimately, the drilling process can be optimized leading to a reduced cost of the well delivery since HFTO can be a major cause for non-productive time if not handled properly.
Fluid Migration Characterization of Cemented Sections Retrieved from a North Sea Production Well
Authors: Skadsem Hans Joakim , Gardner Dave , Beltrán-Jiménez Katherine , Kragset Steinar , Delabroy Laurent , Ruckert Frank
Published: February 2020

The annulus cement sheath between casings is an important well barrier element for ensuring zonal isolation and preventing cross-flow of formation fluids. Understanding the migration path geometry and how hydrocarbons and treatment materials flow in such paths are important for diagnosing and treating leaking annulus cement. We study the seepage properties of gas and liquid through two cemented annulus sandwich sections recovered from the upper vertical part of a North Sea production well during a permanent abandonment operation. Studying physical and mechanical properties of these sections can provide unique insights about the sealing properties of annulus cement that has been exposed to downhole conditions and more than thirty years of operation.

The sandwich sections are each nearly a joint length long and comprised of a 9 5/8-in casing inside a 13 3/8-in casing that was originally cemented by bullheading cement slurry down the annulus. One of the sections contains the top-of-cement while the other is from approximately 140 meter below top-of-cement. A series of seepage experiments have been performed to better understand variations in sealing potential along the assembly, including settled solids above the top of cement.

Visual inspection of the annulus cement at the bottom and top ends of the section reveal full cement coverage around the eccentric inner casing. Minor local imperfections in the form of pockets of fluid trapped in the hardened cement are also observed, presumably originating from the original cementing operation. The settled solids above the top-of-cement were found to act as an effective barrier against fluid migration initially but yielded irreversibly once exposed to higher test pressures. Seepage rates through the cemented section are consistent with previous measurements in full-scale annulus test assemblies.

The gas and liquid seepage experiments performed on the retrieved section improve our understanding of well cement quality close to the top of cement, including possible sealing potential of the material above the top of cement. Comparing the cement log from the well to seepage measurements helps correlate log response and annulus cement seepage potential which can benefit both remediation design and future abandonment operations.
Nonlinear Dynamics of a Drillstring Immersed in a 3D Curved Well, Simulations and Experiments
Authors: Nguyen Khac-Long , Mahjoub Mohamed , Tran Quang-Thinh , Andrianoely Marie-Ange , Manin Lionel , Dufour Régis , Menand Stéphane
Published: February 2020

During drilling operations, the bit-rock and drillstring-wellbore contacts with stick-slip phenomena, fluid-structure interaction, and mass unbalances distributed along the drillstring yield nonlinear dynamics coupling axial, torsional, and lateral vibrations. Excessive and uncontrolled vibrations may induce drilling equipment damage due to fatigue, cracking, and ruptures. Understanding and predicting the drilling dynamics become necessary to avoid those harmful vibrations.

The drillstring dynamics is modelled in the time domain using the beam finite element method. The contact between the drillsting and borehole is accounted for using radial elastic stops and the fluid effect on the drillstring dynamics is considered by two models. The initial position is obtained from a static equilibrium computation that takes into account the drillstring pre-load. The dynamics is then calculated by applying a time-integration scheme.

The dynamic model is applied to a real case of a quasi-vertical well with field measurements of downhole vibrations along with surface data. Numerical simulations are carried on a drilling assembly of several kilometers length. The obtained results are compared to the experimental data to analyze the structure vibrations such as forward and backward whirling and stick-slip. Knowing the various uncertainties of some physical quantities like the friction factor and fluid damping, a series of simulations varying the model hypotheses are conducted and the results are compared to clarify the importance of each phenomenon.

The novelty of the proposed dynamics model is its ability to consider a realistic geometry of drilling assembly in 3D curved wells with fluid flows, and to give a complete study of the coupling phenomena between axial, torsional, and lateral vibrations.
Identification of Optimal Drilling Parameters for Reduction of High-Frequency Torsional Oscillations by Combined Approach with Modeling and Real-Time Analysis of High-Frequency Measurements
Authors: Patil Parimal Arjun , Ochoa Oscar Nicolas
Published: February 2020

Maximizing drilling performance by pushing the limits of drilling tools is the key to reduce overall drilling cost. The interplay of complex parameters such as lithology, drilling parameters, drilling experience, downhole tool reliability, and the operational process help us to identify the limiting factors. Drilling dysfunction could deteriorate the reliability of downhole drilling tools including the overall drilling performance by causing damaged bits, failure of downhole electronic components, torsional fatigue of drillstring, over-torqued connections, etc. Precise modeling of dynamic responses of a bottomhole assembly in a given formation can help to identify operating limitations as well as post job analysis.

The wellbore-drillstring interaction and well face-drill bit interaction are the sources of excitation of torsional oscillations. Stick-slip is one of the common and well-known torsional oscillation that usually occurs at low frequencies <1 Hz. High-frequency torsional oscillations (HFTO) are also recorded in the field by using high-bandwidth downhole vibration monitoring tools. HFTO occurs at much higher frequencies; >10Hz to 500 Hz. This paper summarizes the HFTO phenomenon that causes high tangential accelerations and torsional loads within the bottomhole assembly (BHA) during drilling in critical formations. HFTO modeling that is validated with high-speed measurements helps to identify tangential accelerations and torsional loads across the BHA components.

This paper highlights the benefits of modeling the rotary steerable system (RSS) BHA for HFTO in order to identify the point in the BHA that is subjected to the highest tangential acceleration and torsional loads. Real time monitoring for drilling optimization of RSS BHA shows that the HFTO modeling and post-job data analysis of high-frequency data confirms the distribution of tangential acceleration and torsional loads along the BHA. The paper also highlights the accuracy of the HFTO modeling based on results of pre-job modeling and post-job high-speed data analysis from drilling runs. Based on the analysis and the study, recommendations for optimal BHA design and operational parameters are provided to yield maximum footage per run and improved BHA performance.

High-frequency torsional oscillations in the BHA can be mitigated if adequate BHA design, drilling parameters, and procedures are implemented. The in-depth analysis of HFTO with accurate modeling and high-frequency measurements can be used to develop a knowledge base to further optimize the drilling process, reduce non-productive time, realize fewer trips for failures, extend the on-bottom drilling time, reduce maintenance costs, and increase the drilling efficiency and performance.
High-Frequency Drilling Data Analysis to Characterize Water-Ice on the Moon
Authors: Joshi Deep , Eustes Alfred , Rostami Jamal , Hanson Jenna , Dreyer Christopher
Published: February 2020

This paper discusses the evolution of a pattern recognition algorithm that utilizes the high-frequency drilling data to characterize the water-ice on the Moon. The algorithm developed here can estimate the moisture content of a grout sample by analyzing the trend of drilling data. Such an algorithm can be used by NASA and private organizations in near-future to identify and produce water from Lunar Poles.

An auger based rotary drilling rig with a drilling data acquisition system was designed and fabricated. The data acquisition system records drilling parameters like RPM, drilling depth, torque, and weight on bit at 1000Hz. The data is then filtered to remove electromagnetic interference. The drilling tests were conducted on meticulously designed grout block samples which contained the lunar soil simulant with specific geotechnical properties, replicating lunar subsurface at a specific pressure, temperature condition, and moisture contents. Simultaneously, the UCS of the grout block was tested in a lab to correlate the drilling data to specific grout strength.

The drilling data recorded in the homogenous samples and the data collected during UCS tests were used to develop and validate a pattern recognition algorithm. The algorithm was tested on layered grout samples containing layers with varying strength. The UCS estimated by this algorithm was then correlated to the moisture content using the lab observations and published literature. The algorithm could distinctly detect the boundaries between different layers, estimate the UCS, and moisture content in real-time. The high-frequency drilling data was also used to identify different dysfunctions and optimize drilling operations. Trends of MSE, RPM, and torque were analyzed to detect auger choking, inefficient cuttings transport, and drilling vibrations.

On the Moon, this algorithm can be invaluable in optimizing the drilling operations, estimating the spatial distribution of various subsurface layers improving our understanding of the subsurface lunar stratigraphy. It can also be used to estimate the quantity of water available on the lunar poles, which will be essential in planning the manned and robotic lunar missions in the coming years.
Short-term clinical outcomes of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy in treating adolescents under 25 years old with massive lumbar disc herniation
Authors: He Hai-Chao , Zhang Yong-jin
Published: February 2020

Background: In the last decades, endoscopic techniques to treat lumbar disc herniation (LDH) have gained popularity in clinical practice. However, few studies have described the safety and efficacy of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) in treating adolescent massive LDH. This study aims to evaluate the surgical outcomes of PTED in treating adolescent patients with massive LDH. Methods: Between October 2012 and December 2018, retrospective analysis of 13 adolescent patients with single segment massive LDH at the Department of Spinal Surgery of Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. All patients were followed up for at least 12 months (range 12–20 months). The patients’ lower limb pain was evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS) scores and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Patient satisfaction was evaluated using the MacNab outcome scale. Clinical outcomes were measured preoperatively, at 3 days, 1 months, 3 months, 6 month and 12 months postoperatively. Results: The VAS score for leg pain was 7.08 ±1.12 preoperatively and 3.23±1.01, 3.0 ± 1.01, and 2.62 ± 0.51, and 2.32± 0.48, and 1.46± 0.52, at 3 days, 1 months, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months postoperatively respectively. The ODI scores was 51.51 ±3.08 preoperatively and 21.74±1.15, 14.81 ± 1.50, and 2.78 ± 0.64, at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months postoperatively respectively. These postoperative scores were all significantly different when compared with preoperative scores (P < 0.001). According to the modified MacNab outcome scale, excellent was obtained in 7 patients, good was obtained in 5 patients, and fair was obtained in 1 patient, and 92.31% of these patients had excellent and good outcomes at the final follow-up. There were no complications related to surgery, and no spinal instability was detected. Conclusion: The PTED is an effective and safe surgical method for the treatment of adolescent patients with massive LDH, but high-quality randomized controlled trials are still required to further verify these findings.
The Impact of Internet use frequency on Non-suicidal self injurious behavior and Suicidal Ideation among Chinese Youth: An empirical study based on Gender perspective
Authors: Xin Moye , Yang Xueyan , Liu Kun , Boke Bilun Naz
Published: February 2020

Background: We attempted to find if there were gender differences in Non-suicidal self injurious (NSSI) behaviors and Suicidal ideation among Chinese youth, then analyze the impact of internet use frequency on these variables among youth of different genders. Methods: Based on the survey data from 6 high-schools and 4 universities in 4 cities in China, the gender difference in NSSI behaviors and Suicidal ideation and their related factors were analyzed in the study. Results: There was no significant gender difference in NSSI behaviors among Chinese youth, yet females reported significantly higher intensity of suicidal ideation compared to males; internet use frequency could explain the prevalence of NSSI behaviors and Suicidal ideation by gender, to some categories. Conclusions: The gender difference of NSSI engagement among Chinese youth was not statistically significant; while females had higher suicidal ideation than males; the overuse of social softwares was found to be a risk factor to both NSSI engagements and suicidal ideations for both genders; males would engage less NSSI behaviors when they spent more time on knowledge sharing softwares while might have more suicidal ideation when they spent too much time on gaming.
Periodontal Surgery Intervention for Gingival Smile Correction - Case Report
Authors: Sangalette Beatriz S. , Vieira Larissa V. , Verri Felippo R. , Mestrener Leandro R. , Mestrener Sandra R. , Toledo Gustavo L. , Graziela Magro Miriam , Piras Fernanda F.
Published: February 2020

Introduction:

The success of anterior rehabilitation requires more skills than knowledge. It is necessary that the professional has updates on a new approach to obtain the best result considering the high degree of the exigency of these cases. The relationship between red and white esthetic is known and consolidated in the literature. Then, to achieve success in an esthetic smile is indispensable to apply periodontal surgery associated with restorative technique.

Methods:

In this report, a 28-year-old female patient sought care in a private clinic with a major cosmetic complaint due to disproportion of the clinical crown and gingival smile.

Result:

After planning, a clinical crown increase was performed, followed by the labial repositioning technique after the healing time of the initial surgery.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that some of the surgical techniques, demonstrated in the literature, for gingival correction are feasible when correctly indicated. The best esthetic results will be achieved when the professional can understand the necessity to correct the disharmony of white and red esthetic.
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Methodologies using Ambient Mechanical Vibration: Design Perspective and Challenges
Authors: Asthana Prateek , Khanna Gargi
Published: February 2020

Background and Objective:

Piezoelectric energy harvesting is an emergent research
area for unobtrusive power supply for fully autonomous micro-scale devices.

Method:

The method of energy harvesting is to utilize waste ambient mechanical vibrations to
generate electrical energy through the piezoelectric effect.

Results and Conclusion:

The present work highlights the major advances made in the field of micro-
electromechanical systems based on piezoelectric energy harvester on extracting ambient vibrations
and converting them into usable electric power. The present study explores energy harvesting
approaches for portable electronics and self-powered wireless network nodes. The performance
matrices like device physics, volume, operating frequencies, design and materials have
been thoroughly analyzed in this work. Conventional cantilever fabrication steps have also been
discussed. Finally, guidelines for future research and performance enhancements in the field of
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting (PEH) at micro scale have been discussed.
Малоугловое рассеяние и поляризация излучения вытянутой полимерной пленкой с каплями нематического жидкого кристалла, имеющими монодоменную структуру
Authors: Лойко В.А. , Конколович А.В. , Мискевич А.А. , Крахалев М.Н. , Прищепа О.О. , Зырянов В.Я.
Published: February 2020

Исследованы коэффициент направленного пропускания вытянутой капсулированной полимером жидкокристаллической пленки с бездефектной монодоменной структурой капель жидкого кристалла, формируемой при растяжении пленки, допированной сурфактантами, и степень поляризации прямопрошедшего излучения в видимом и ближнем инфракрасном диапазонах спектра. Приведены результаты для нематических жидких кристаллов 5CB, E7 и E44. Исследованы зависимости коэффициента пропускания и поляризующей способности пленки от угла поля зрения фотоприемника. В приближениях Фолди-Тверского и аномальной дифракции получены соотношения, позволяющие определять параметры пленок, при которых их коэффициент пропускания и поляризуюшая способность одновременно достигают значений, близких к предельным (0.5 и ±1.0 соответственно). Ключевые слова: рассеяние света, поляризация излучения, жидкий кристалл
Рассеяние оптического излучения шероховатой разномасштабной зеркальной поверхностью
Authors: Головинский П.А. , Проскурин Д.К.
Published: February 2020

В приближении физической оптики рассмотрено обратное рассеяние световых волн шероховатой поверхностью c одномерным рельефом из разномасштабных зеркальных фрагментов, действующей как фазовый экран. Получены асимптотические угловые распределения в приближении диффузии фазы, а с целью учета сложной статистики неровностей применен численный метод фазового скачка. Для периодически модулированной шероховатой поверхности результаты численных расчетов методом фазового скачка и методом касательных отражающих плоскостей сопоставлены с экспериментальными данными. Представлены угловые зависимости обратного рассеяния, демонстрирующие влияние распределения Релея шероховатостей на интенсивность рассеяния, и показано сужение области углов обратного рассеяния под влиянием дополнительного крупномасштабного случайного профилирования поверхности. Ключевые слова: ступенчатая поверхность, двухмасштабная модель, дифракция Фраунгофера, диффузия фазы.
Saudi Arabia’s G20 Presidency in 2020
Authors: Basangov Lari Lidzhievich , Ignatov Alexander Alexandrovich
Published: February 2020

The G20 is an informal institute of global governance and one of the most prominent international forums for both - key developed and developing economies. The G20’s agenda embraces various issues including international taxation, digital growth, macroeconomic stability, labor market development, fight against crime and corruption, implementation of effective and eco-neutral energy technologies, etc. The G20’s decisions, even lacking legal force, tend to transform into international standards and joint initiatives. Due to the absence of a permanent secretariat, a host country exercises great influence on formulation of the G20’s working agenda. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a key actor in the Middle East and the only Arab state with G20 membership. In 2020, Saudi Arabia will take the G20 presidency for the first time ever and thus take the leading role in shaping its agenda. In this context, several issues regarding Saudi Arabia’s policy towards implementation of its national development agenda, promotion of previous presidencies’ decisions and its influence over further development of the G20’s agenda are of particular interest. The authors analyze Saudi Arabia’s current status and national priorities and recent developments of G20’s agenda to forecast the results of the forthcoming presidency. The authors point out that discussion on digital growth, energy efficiency, climate change mitigation and macroeconomic policy would very likely result in concrete decisions. Modest success is expected in making decisions on gender-related agenda. The core items of G20’s agenda such as reform of international financial institutions and fight against protectionism in global trade are less likely to attract much attention and lead to concrete decisions.
Prospects for Using Adaptive Biofeedback to Train Musicians
Authors: Petrenko Tatiana I. , Bazanova Olga M. , Kabardov Muhamed K.
Published: February 2020

The use of biofeedback (BFB) technology becomes relevant for professional training of musicians to achieve success in psychomotor function control. We compared two training approaches: 20-22 sessions of alpha-EEG/EMG biofeedback implication to increase the аlpha-2 power while reducing the tension of the forehead muscles and sham biofeedback training. Fifty student musicians (18-28 years old) were divided randomly by age, gender, performing specialty, and individual EEG alpha-peak frequency (IAPF) into two groups. Music performance, state anxiety, self-actualization, nonverbal creativity, coeﬃcient of ﬁnger movement optimality (Ko) and the eﬃciency of the single training session (E1) were evaluated before and after for both types of courses. We calculated the change of the EEG power in the individually adjusted alpha-2 range in the Pz and the integrated EMG power of the surface muscles of the forehead in response to ﬁnger movement. Training with biofeedback improved music performance score, increased self-actualization, Ko, and E1 while reducing pre-stage anxiety. The students who received the sham biofeedback did not achieve such improvements. When using biofeedback, students with baseline low alpha-peak frequency (LF) showed a more signiﬁcant increase in scores for music performance, Ko, and E1 than students with high alpha-peak frequency (HF). In LF students, the sessions without biofeedback did not change the studied parameters. In this pilot placebo-controlled study, we demonstrated that achieving success in the optimal musical performance training depends on the baseline genetically determined IAPF and feedback implication from the EEG alpha-2 power and forehead muscle tone.
Cross-situational Consistency of Female Politicians’ Language Use
Authors: Mukhortov Denis S. , Malyavina Yana S.
Published: February 2020

This article seeks to study political discourses of American female politicians, specifically Madeleine Albright, the first female United States Secretary of State in the history of the United States of America, from 1997 to 2001, Condoleezza Rice, the 66th United States Secretary of State, and Hillary Clinton, the 67th United States Secretary of State. Different in age, ethnicity, political views, educational and social backgrounds, they reveal that in order to succeed in the political arena, women are bound to hide their female personality. Examples in question are Madeline Albright and Condoleezza Rice, recurrent users of such male discursive features as rhetorical questions, logical order of arguments, conceptual metaphors of war, sports, and hunting. Gender-marked female discourse is characterized by hesitation, use of standard speech, cognitive, social words, and hedges. Research shows that Hilary Clinton is a typical example of the female-marked political discourse. This has enabled her to pursue, among others, a feminist agenda, which has proved an efficient communicative tactic. Drawing on the socialization specifics of Albright, Rice, and Clinton, the paper explains why Albright and Rice tend to have a male-marked discourse and Clinton a female-marked discourse, as the first female Secretary of State, Albright simply had no female role models, with only male predecessors before her. She seeks to make her speech as neutral as possible, just at times exploiting female discursive patterns. Condoleezza Rice, Albright’s successor, uses characteristically male discourse the most. It can be attributable to the fact that she belongs to two ‘minority’ groups: women and African Americans. Sounding femalish might have weakened her chances to stay the strong Secretary of State that the geopolitical situation would demand. It is noteworthy that female politicians can, or have to, switch between male-marked and female-marked discourses in order to achieve certain goals and preserve their current status.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP PERBUATAN MELAWAN HUKUM DAN SANKSI NYA
Authors: Rizqy Rizqy , Syahrizal Syahrizal
Published: February 2020

Kehadiran hukum dalam masyarakat diantaranya adalah untuk mengintegrasikan dan mengoordinasikan kepentingan-kepentingan yang bisa bertentangan satu sama lain. Berkaitan dengan itu, hukum harus mampu mengintegrasikannya sehingga benturan-benturan kepentingan itu dapat ditekan sekecil-kecilnya. Pengorganisasian kepentingan-kepentingan itu dilakukan dengan membatasi dan melindungi kepentingan tersebut dengan cara membatasi kepentingan lain pihak. Perbuatan melawan hukum sebagaimana diatur dalam KUHP pada pasal 1365 yaitu tiap perbuatan melawan hukum yang membawa kerugian kepada orang lain, mewajibkan orang yang karena salahnya menerbitkan kerugian itu, menggantikan kerugian tersebut. Pasal 1367 menyatakan bahwa Seseorang tidak hanya bertanggung jawab atas kerugian yang disebabkan perbuatannya sendiri, melainkan juga atas kerugian yang disebabkan perbuatan-perbuatan orang-orang yang menjadi tanggungannya atas disebabkan barang-barang yang berada di bawah pengawasannya. Setiap perbuatan yang dianggap melanggar peraturan yang telah terdapat peraturannya dalam perundang-undangan maka perbuatan tersebut akan dijatuhkan sanksi terhadap pelakunya. Hal ini diterapkan agar pelaku perbuatan melanggar hukum dapat bertanggung jawab atas perbuatannya yang telah mengakibatkan kerugian kepada orang lain.
Mekanisme Penyelesaian Sengketa Perdata Tentang Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja (PHK) Dalam Penyelesaian Hubungan Industrial (Study Kasus di Pengadilan Negeri Kelas IA Banda Aceh)
Authors: Abdullah Aripin , Shabara Egar
Published: February 2020

Perselisihan atau perkara sengketa sering terjadi dalam setiap hubungan antar manusia, bahkan mengingat subjek Hukum pun telah lama mengenal Badan Hukum, maka dari itu para pihak yang terlibat di dalamnyapun sudah semakin banyak. Maka penyelesaian perselisihan hubungan industrial dengan Negara menghadirkan P.H.I (Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial) sebagai lembaga utama penyelesaian sengketa menjadikan system penyelesaian lebih bersifat liberal dan cenderung tidak demokratis. Jalannya perkara sepenuhnya berada di tangan para pihak yang berselisih. Peran pemerintah (eksekutif) untuk terlibat dalam perselisihan ketenagakerjaan/perburuhan menjadi jauh berkurang, peran keterlibatan dalam proses penyelesaian perkara beralih kepada pengadilan (yudikatif). Adapun masalah di dalam penelitian ini antara lain : 1.Bagaimana Mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa Hubungan Industrial yang sesuai dengan UU Penyelesaian Perselisihan Hubungan Industrial No. 2 Tahun 2004 dan fakta yang ada di PN Banda Aceh. 2. Berapa jumlah perkara sengketa yang sudah mendapat putusan dari tahun 2015 sampai dengan 2017. Metodelogi penelitian yang penulis gunakan dalam pembahasan skripsi ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Dalam skripsi ini penulis menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif yang mengacu kepada norma-norma hukum yang terdapat dalam perundang-undangan dan putusan-putusan pengadilan serta norma-norma hukum yang ada di dalam masyarakat. Dalam hasil penelitian perkara PHI dapat di selesaikan dalam dua cara yaitu litigasi dan Non-litigasi, Pasal 57 UU No. 2 tahun 2004 “bahwa penyelesaian sengketa Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial dikenal ada 2 (dua) jenis pemeriksaan : Pemeriksaan dengan acara biasa, dan Pemeriksaan dengan acara cepat, penulis dapat menyimpulkan bahwa di Lembaga Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial menyelesaikan Sengketa PHI dapat di selesaikan baik secara Litigasi maupun Non Litigasi dalam mekanisme penyelesaian perkaranya di lembaga Pengadilan.
A Biblioteconomia e as contradições do social
Authors: Tanus Gabrielle Francinne de S. C.
Published: February 2020

A análise e a relação discursiva da Biblioteconomia podem ser empreendidas a partir de diferentes correntes de pensamento. Neste trabalho nos concentramos nos discursos da Biblioteconomia com as Ciências Sociais e Humanas; em particular, com o pensamento marxista e crítico. Essa vertente nomeada de “contradições do social” busca desvelar as contradições, conflitos e interesses presentes na sociedade. Para essa discussão, os discursos de Brown César, Rendón Rojas, Almeida Júnior e Milanesi são convocados e tensionados. Estes autores trazem elementos em seus discursos que possibilitam tal relação, seja no todo ou em partes, tendo em vista que os dois primeiros podem ter seus discursos também associados a outras correntes de pensamentos como, por exemplo, “ordenamento do social” e “construção do social” respectivamente. A compreensão dos saberes que conformam parte do discurso da Biblioteconomia possibilita uma visão mais aprofundada desse campo científico, trazendo luz, também, ao contexto mais amplo das Ciências Sociais e Humanas, onde se insere como modalidade específica do pensamento.
A pesquisa brasileira em Estudos Métricos da Informação: proximidade entre pesquisadores de destaque e áreas afins
Authors: Grácio Maria Cláudia Cabrini , Oliveira Ely Francina Tannuri de
Published: February 2020

Esta pesquisa objetiva identificar e analisar os pesquisadores brasileiros e internacionais de destaque na área de Estudos Métricos da Informação, no Brasil, a proximidade estabelecida entre eles, na perspectiva dos pesquisadores brasileiros, as disciplinas, áreas ou subáreas do conhecimento, que contribuem para o desenvolvimento teórico e metodológico, de forma a oferecer subsídios e instrumentos para os Estudos Métricos da Informação. Os objetivos serão analisados à luz da natureza das pesquisas declaradas por essa comunidade científica, a fim de contribuir para identificar e visualizar as possíveis similaridades e diferenças teórico-metodológicas adotadas por esses grupos.  Como procedimento de pesquisa, utilizou-se o questionário como instrumento de levantamento de dados. Do universo de 42 pesquisadores brasileiros, 18 (~43%) responderam ao questionário enviado. A rede de cocitação indica um alto grau de coesão no grupo de pesquisadores brasileiros e estrangeiros, com denotada presença destes últimos. Em relação às áreas, subáreas e disciplinas do conhecimento, que contribuem para o desenvolvimento epistemológico, teórico e metodológico, foram destacadas as grandes áreas de Exatas, Ciências Humanas e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, com a primeira delas sendo citada pela maioria dos respondentes. A grande área das Ciências Humanas aparece com a segunda mais citada. A Ciência da Informação, Cientometria, Comunicação Científica, Metodologia Científica e Bibliometria compõem as subáreas citadas dentro da grande área das Ciências Sociais. Conclui-se apontando a paridade entre os indicadores oriundos de dados qualitativos e quantitativos e a complementação das duas análises.
Modelos de negócios, bibliotecas e livros digitais
Authors: Serra Liliana Giusti , Santarém Segundo José Eduardo
Published: February 2020

O estudo discute os modelos de negócios para licenciamento de livros digitais por bibliotecas com o objetivo de identificar suas características e possibilidades de aplicação. A partir de revisão de literatura realizada com recorte temporal de 2011 a 2016, são identificados os fornecedores de conteúdo digital para bibliotecas (editores, distribuidores e agregadores) e suas formas de atuação. Os modelos de negócios são apresentados, destacando suas características e implicações para a gestão dos acervos bibliográficos, principalmente no tocante ao desenvolvimento de coleções, onde o processo de licenciamento acarreta em fragilidades como a perda de controle dos títulos presentes nas coleções. Os modelos analisados compreendem as possibilidades de licenciamento perene e transitório, exemplificadas nas formas de contratação por Aquisição perpétua, Assinatura, Aquisição Orientada ao Usuário (DDA), Empréstimo de Curto Prazo (STL) e Seleção Baseada em Evidência (EBS). No âmbito dos modelos transitórios são destacadas as possibilidades de aplicação de aluguel de conteúdos realizados com vistas a atender demandas imediatas dos usuários. O estudo também analisa o licenciamento oferecido a leitores identificado como “Netflix dos livros” e suas possibilidades de utilização. O fracionamento de livros digitais é abordado, com a oferta de capítulos de livros, proporcionando outras possibilidades de aplicação em bibliotecas. Como resultado, espera-se fornecer subsídios aos agentes envolvidos com o livro digital com o intuito de orientação na identificação e seleção dos modelos de negócios adequados às necessidades de instituições e possibilidades de contratação de conteúdo. O estudo conclui que todos os agentes relacionados aos livros digitais devem participar nas propostas, decisões e análises de modalidades de licenciamento, visando alcançar um equilíbrio entre os envolvidos.
Competência em informação no contexto da vulnerabilidade social: conexões possíveis
Authors: Righetto Guilherme Goulart , Vitorino Elizete Vieira , Muriel-Torrado Enrique
Published: February 2020

Discute acerca da complexa temática da vulnerabilidade social na sociedade do conhecimento e a relação com a competência em informação, incluindo termos correlatos, como democracia, inclusão e exclusão social, cidadania, direitos humanos e movimentos sociais. É concebida uma “ponte” entre a competência em informação, a vulnerabilidade social e os movimentos sociais, com o intuito de aproximar os temas principais do estudo, mediante revisão de literatura. A abordagem social ou sociocultural da Ciência da Informação é substancial, pois os usuários da informação não são indivíduos inseridos em mundos paralelos, mas sim em mundos construídos socialmente. Desse modo, torna-se pertinente a pesquisa social voltada às populações vulneráveis, e suas necessidades de informação. Necessidades que podem ser supridas com o desenvolvimento da competência em informação, componente de emancipação cognitiva dos indivíduos. Chega-se à conclusão de que a predisposição de localizar informações, assimilá-las e incorporá-las como conhecimento adquirido, seja em âmbito profissional e/ou pessoal tem valor inestimável.Resumen:Discute acerca de la compleja temática de la vulnerabilidad social en la sociedad del conocimiento y la relación con la alfabetización informacional (ALFIN), incluyendo términos relacionados, como democracia, inclusión y exclusión social, ciudadanía, derechos humanos y movimientos sociales. Se concibe un "puente" entre la alfabetización informacional, la vulnerabilidad social y los movimientos sociales, con el fin de aproximar los temas principales del estudio, mediante revisión de literatura. El enfoque social o sociocultural de la ciencia de la información es sustancial, pues los usuarios de la información no son individuos insertados en mundos paralelos, sino en mundos construidos socialmente. De este modo, se vuelve pertinente la investigación social orientada a las poblaciones vulnerables, y sus necesidades de información. Necesidades que pueden ser suplidas con el desarrollo de la alfabetización informacional, componente de emancipación cognitiva de los individuos. Se llega a la conclusión de que la predisposición de localizar informaciones, asimilarlas e incorporarlas como conocimiento adquirido, ya sea en ámbito profesional y / o personal tiene valor inestimable.