bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VETERINARY STUDENTS LEARNING OUTCOMES AFTER THE LATIN LANGUAGE COURSE
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Balalaieva O. Yu.
Published: January 2021

The article describes the learning outcomes that should have veterinary students (master’s degree) after the Latin language course. This issue is relevant for domestic education because of the need to revise and redesigned outdated positions and transform the results in harmony with European curricula. In particular, this study is based on the approach presented in the Tuning Project (Tuning Educational Structures in Europe), considering learning outcomes as some statements of what a learner is expected to know, understand and be able to demonstrate after completion of a process of learning. They are expressed in terms of the level of competence to be obtained by the student. The purpose of the article is to describe outcomes of veterinary students in studying the main topics of the Latin language course aimed to introduce students to basics of the Latin language, to help acquire practical skills in using professional Latin terminology in educational, scientific and professional activities, to teach Latin terminology used in veterinary medicine and general biological sciences – botany, zoology and chemistry. So the main task is to form the professional terminological competence. As a result, learning outcomes after studying phonetic and grammatical topics, as well as special topics provided for by the curriculum are given in the article.
Douleurs et hyperlaxité : est-ce un syndrome d’Ehlers-Danlos hypermobile (SEDh) ?
Authors: Benistan K. , Dugué S.
Published: January 2021

L’hypermobilité articulaire généralisée est fréquente en population pédiatrique et diminue avec l’âge. Les étiologies peuvent être variables. L’hypermobilité favorise des traumatismes orthopédiques répétés, responsables de douleurs intenses, dont la répétition fait le lit du syndrome douloureux chronique. La douleur est un symptôme cardinal du syndrome d’Ehlers-Danlos hypermobile (SEDh). De nouveaux critères internationaux élaborés par un consortium d’experts en 2017 permettent de mieux distinguer les patients ayant un SEDh des patients présentant un désordre du spectre de l’hypermobilité. La prise en charge de ces patients doit être multidisciplinaire et globale, selon le modèle biopsychosocial, associant au médecin traitant une structure de prise en charge de la douleur chronique pédiatrique et un centre de référence ou de compétence des SED non vasculaires. Dans ce sens, un protocole national de diagnostic et de soins a été récemment publié.
“Negotiation of Difference”: A Study of the English Translations of Ghalib’s Urdu Ghazal
Authors: Khan Muhammad Asif , Khan Asma Aftab , Shaheen Aamer
Published: January 2021

The Ghazal is a well-known genre of Urdu poetry. The translation of Ghazal into the English language poses specific challenges. Translating Ghalib, one of the greatest ghazal writers, into English, is a special case under consideration. Several translators have produced their versions of Ghalib’s Urdu ghazals. The present study is an effort to evaluate the performance of six translators who rendered a particular ghazal of Ghalib in the English language. The study utilizes the distinction between ‘literal’ and ‘sense-for-sense’ translation as perceived by Nida (2000 [1964]), and Vermeer (2000). The translations have been analyzed on the basis of three research questions which encompass the aspects of the type of translation, the form of the Ghazal, and the poetic appeal. The study offers useful insights into the translation of Ghazal into the English language.
Knowledge of COVID-19 among Health Care Workers at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bhandari Sandip , Sharma Medha , Shrestha Gentle Sundar
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Health care workers are at higher risk of infection with the coronavirus disease as they are directly involved in the treatment of infected patients and perform aerosol-generating procedures. Proper knowledge of this disease can influence the positive attitude, good practices and enhance their safety. We aim to study the knowledge of COVID-19 among health care workers of the tertiary care hospital of Nepal.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among health care workers of Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre from May 20 to June 19, 2020. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Board (IRB No: 4-2020). Written informed consent was taken from all respondents. Correct answers were summated to reflect the mean knowledge, expressed as a percentage. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.

Results: The mean general knowledge score was 95.7%. The mean medical knowledge score was 70.5%. Only 42 (56.8%) of physicians and 103 (53.6%) of nurses had a higher level of medical knowledge regarding COVID-19. Likewise, very few lab technicians 7 (21.9%) and none of the pharmacists had a higher level of medical knowledge.

Conclusions: The healthcare workers of this centre have adequate knowledge regarding COVID-19. However, periodic training for all workers, especially the nurses and allied workers, may help to update the knowledge and hence enhance their safety and that of their patients.
Isolated Gall Bladder Perforation in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Joshi Brikh Raj , Gautam Swotantra , Adhikari Yadav Saroj , Dhakal Sushil , Thapaliya Rasmita , Gupta Rakesh Kumar
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Cholelithiasisis is a common surgical problem worldwide. Gall bladder perforation is a rare life-threatening complication with considerable mortality. This study aims to find the etiology, demography, type of perforation, and outcome of gall bladder perforation.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done on patients above 18 years of age visiting the department of surgery of B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS) who were diagnosed with isolated gall bladder perforation. The study was done from 1st January 2006 till 30 December 2016. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Research Committee (reference number. 34/074/075). The convenient sampling method was used. Data were entered in excel sheets and analyzed.

Results: Out of 49 patients included in the study, 28 (57.14%) were females and the commonest age group was 36 to 50 years 22 (44.9%) followed by 51 to 65 years 16 (32.6%). Most of the patients presented in emergency with pain in their abdomen. Diabetes mellitus was the commonest co-morbidity present in 10 (20.41%) patients. Operative management was done in 45 (91.84%) of the patient and conservative management in 4 (8.16%). After surgery of 45 patients, 43 (95.56%) improved and 2 (4.44%) expired. The most common type of perforation was Niemeier Type I in 21 (46.67%) followed by Type III 14 (31.11%). The most common histopathological diagnosis was acute cholecystitis 20 (44.44%).

Conclusions: Isolated gall bladder perforation is not an uncommon complication. The most common etiological factor was acute cholecystitis with a slight female predominance. Most of the patients needed surgical intervention and they had good outcomes when diagnosed and managed on time.
Blood Donation Practice among Undergraduate Students in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Dawadi Pravakar , Khadka Sabina , Khanal Milan Chandra , Thapa Raj Kumar
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Voluntary blood donation is a reliable source of increasing the demand for blood transfusion. Medical students are the potential pool of blood donors. This study aims to find the prevalence of blood donation practice among medical students of a medical college in Nepal.

Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in a medical college of Nepal among students studying from the first year to final year MBBS. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee of the Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences (Ref no. 245). A stratified random sampling technique was used to collect data. A self-administered pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016.

Results: The prevalence of blood donation practice among medical students of the medical college is 41 (22.20%) (17.35-27.05 at 95% Confidence Interval). The practice of blood donation is seen more among students of the final year 15 (35.71%) and the least among first year 3 (8.57%). Most of the donors, 24 (58.54%), have donated blood only once before. The most common reasons for donating and not donating blood before are ‘behavior of altruism’ 12 (29.27%) and ‘I am not fit/disapproved’ 44 (30.56%) respectively.

Conclusions: This study shows less prevalence of blood donation practice among medical students. It points to the need for more extensive studies to explore the factors deterring medical students from donating blood. Definitive strategies are also needed to encourage medical students to increased voluntary participation in blood donation.
The Increasing Scope of Teledermatology in Nepal
Authors: Paudel Vikash
Published: January 2021

Teledermatology is a rising subspecialty that uses information and communications technologies to diagnose, prevent, treat, and educate skin health. It is an innovative means for delivering quality dermatological care. It embraces the potentials for revolutionizing dermatologic consultation to remote locations in Nepal, where service by dermatologists is almost impossible. By adopting advances in telecommunication, wider and faster coverage of the internet and smartphones, computers, laptops, and high-resolution cameras, the era of teledermatology is changing even in lower-income countries like Nepal. It has emerged as a boon in skin healthcare to rural and even urban care in the recent coronavirus pandemic but would never replace traditional consultations. The challenges faced by teledermatology are lack of technical expertise and proper implementation of guidelines, diagnostic limitations, and various medico-legal aspects. This article presents a brief review of teledermatology in Nepal.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about Vitamin D among Pregnant Women at a Municipality of Bhaktapur
Authors: Manandhar Pratibha , Manandhar Naresh , Joshi Sunil Kumar
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Almost a billion people in the world are affected by Vitamin D deficiency. During pregnancy, the deficiency of Vitamin D can manifest as gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, or miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice, and importance of Vitamin D among pregnant women via a focus group.

Methods: A qualitative study was carried out at Changu Narayan Municipality, Duwakot ward no. two, Bhaktapur district from November to December 2019 after approval from the Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical College (Ref. 181020192). Participants were selected via the Female Community Health Volunteer’s pregnant women list by purposive sampling method. Focus group discussion was conducted among pregnant women. The interview questions were open-ended and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results: Study participants showed limited knowledge on vitamin D. Few participants had information regarding sun exposure for vitamin D. But many participants had negative attitudes towards sun exposure and lack of knowledge on sun exposure requirements. The participants have a huge knowledge gap between Vitamin D and its importance in pregnancy.

Conclusions: Increasing awareness of the importance of Vitamin D among pregnant women is required.
Orthopaedics Practice in a Rural Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rawal Mangal , Tufan Singh Kathayat  , Poojan Kumar Rokaya  , Abhishek Kumar Thakur  , Mahat Smritee , Bishnu Dutta Acharya  , Karki Dhan Bahadur , Ojha Sujata
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is one of the biggest public health challenges that we have faced, and has had a significant impact on the delivery of essential healthcare worldwide. Trauma and orthopaedic surgery was one of the most severely affected specialties as all non-emergency surgical cases were cancelled. With the possibility of future peak of corona virus, knowing the impact of Covid on orthopaedics would enable us to manage trauma patient in an effective manner and will help us to resume normal schedule of the trauma care.

Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. We studied the details of total number of patient at Orthopaedic and trauma outpatient, inpatient and operation theatre of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences from 14th March 2020 to 16 September 2020 as compared with the patient data from the same time period in 2019.

Results: There were 2288 patients during the non-Covid period who visited to the orthopaedic outpatient in comparison to 1618 during Covid period. Only 5 implant removals were performed in comparison to 50 removals (90% reduction) in elective cases. But the number of surgical cases was almost similar (204 vs 207 respectively). Total number of hospital stay had significantly reduced in the non-COVID period (average 4 days vs 6 days).

Conclusions: There is reduction in number of orthopaedic and trauma cases during COVID 19 with marked reduction in number of elective cases. Alternative methods of treatment like telemedicine and small scale health camps at peripheral districts should be conducted to treat non-urgent orthopaedic conditions during lockdown.
CHALLENGES OF USING LIVE PROCESS MIGRATION IN DISTRIBUTED EXASCALE SYSTEMS
Authors:   Shahed University, Sohrabi Zeinab , Mousavi Khaneghah Ehsan
Published: January 2021

Virtual machine-based process migrator mechanisms have the potential to be used in distributed exascale systems due to their ability to execute process execution and support environments with the heterogenous of the computational unit. The ability to reduce process suspension time and use the concept of live process migrator makes it possible to use this mechanism to transfer processes in distributed exascale systems to prevent related process activity failure. The performance function of a virtual machine-based process migrator mechanism cannot manage dynamic and interactive events and the effects of this event on the mechanism operation and the change in the basic concept of system activity from the concept of the process to the concept of global activity. This paper examines the challenges of dynamic and interactive event occurrence on virtual machine-based process migrators by analyzing VM-based migrator's performance function
Improved Welding Quality Prediction for Metal Inert Gas Welding using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Qamar Mohmmad , Singh Dharmendra Kumar
Published: January 2021

Welding is widely used by manufacturing engineers and production personnel to quickly and effectively set up manufacturing processes for new products. The MIG welding parameters are the most important factors affecting the quality, productivity and cost of welding. This paper presents the influence of welding parameters like welding current, welding voltage, Gas flow rate, wire feed rate, etc. on weld strength, ultimate tensile strength, and hardness of weld joint, weld pool geometry of various metal material during welding. By using DOE method, the parameters can be optimize and having the best parameters combination for target quality. The analysis from DOE method can give the significance of the parameters as it give effect to change of the quality and strength of product.
Угода за результатами медіації в системі адміністративно-правового регулювання
Authors: Токарєва К. С.
Published: January 2021

Проаналізовано угоду за результатами медіації у сфері адміністративно-правового регулювання. Досліджено поняття угоди за результатами медіації. Здійснено порівняльно-правовий аналіз медіаційної угоди та мирової угоди, розглянуто можливість віднесення медіаційної угоди до адміністративних договорів. Визначено перспективи впровадження механізму виконання угоди за результатами медіації.
Правочини у сфері банківської діяльності: історико-правовий аналіз (на прикладі ХІХ–ХХ ст.)
Authors: Подолян Ю. О.
Published: January 2021

Досліджено особливості та правову природу правочинів у сфері здійснення банківської діяльності з точки зору історико-правового осмислення. Зроблено висновок, що правове регулювання банківських операцій забезпечувало правомочності для кожного виду банківських установ лише окремими правочинами та сукупністю операцій, зміст яких визначався, перш за все, функціями того чи іншого виду банківських установ. Визначено основоположні засади державної політики у сфері здійснення банківської діяльності й банківських операцій.
POTENSI HERBAL BUAH MAHKOTA DEWA (Phaleria Macrocarpa (scheff.) Boerl) YANG DIMANFAATKAN SEBAGAI MODIFIKATOR PERMUKAAN DAN ANTI-ADHESI BAKTERI S.mutans PADA PERMUKAAN MATERIAL RESTORASI RESIN KOMPOSIT
Authors: Heribertus Dedy Kusuma Yulianto  , Morita
Published: January 2021

Secara alamiah, bakteri rongga mulut mempunyai kecenderungan untuk melekat pada permukaan jaringan keras danlunak rongga mulut karena ketersediaan makanan untuk bakteri terakumulasi di permukaan. Kondisi patologis yangditimbulkan oleh perlekatan bakteri pada permukaan menjadi perhatian khusus dan menjadi objektif penelitian ini, yaituuntuk mencari metode yang efektif dalam menghambat perlekatan bakteri. Metode yang diteliti adalah metode pelapisanpermukaan/coating pada permukaan material restorasi RK yang bertujuan untuk memodifikasi sifat permukaan (surfacetreatment) material restorasi RK yang cenderung bersifat hidrofobik. Sifat hidrofobik ini ditengarai menjadi salah satufaktor penting yang berkontribusi terhadap perlekatan bakteri. Dengan melakukan modifikasi permukaan diharapkandapat mengurangi kemampuan perlekatan bakteri pada permukaan restorasi RK. Indikator yang digunakan untukmengamati perubahan sifat hidrofobisitas permukaan adalah perubahan sudut kontak (contact angle) cairan yangditeteskan pada permukaan. Sudut kontak permukaan yang lebih kecil mengindikasikan permukaan yang bersifat lebihhidrofilik. Untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas metode pelapisan pada permukaan yang bertujuan untuk memodifikasi sifatpermukaan, digunakan senyawa berbentuk cairan yang diekstrak dari buah mahkota dewa (phaleria macrocarpa (scheff.)boerl). Pengaruh permukaan yang dilapisi dengan cairan ekstraksi terhadap perlekatan bakteri diuji dengan menggunakanalat Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan metode pelapisan dengan cairan ekstrak buah mahkota dewa mampu menurunkan sifat hidrofobisitas permukaan RK, dan hasil gambaran SEM secara kualitatifmenunjukkan adanya penghambatan pembentukan koloni bakteri S.mutans. pada permukaan yang dilapisi dengan cairanekstrak buah mahkota dewa.
PRINSIP-PRINSIP DASAR PREPARASI SALURAN AKAR SECARA KHEMOMEKANIS
Authors: Cut Nurliza  , Dennis  , Trimurni Abidin
Published: January 2021

Preparasi saluran akar khemomekanis meliputi instrumentasi mekanik dan irigasi antibakteri untuk menghilangkan/mengeliminasi mikroorganisme dari sistem saluran akar. Berbagai instrumen dan teknik telah dikembangkan untukperawatan saluran akar. Sejak diperkenalkan pada tahun 1988, Nikel Titanium (NiTi) rotary instrumen menjadi populer dibidang endodonti karena kemampuannya untuk membentuk saluran akar dengan kesalahan prosedural yang minimal.Penggunaan instrumen NiTi membutuhkan pemahaman tentang metalurgi dasar termasuk mekanisme fraktur dankorelasi antara anatomi saluran akar. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membahas prinsip biologis preparasi saluran akarmenggunakan teknik instrumentasi saluran akar dengan sistem rotary NiTi serta membahas peran dan sifat irigasi saluranakar. Sebagai kesimpulan, perawatan saluran akar diarahkan untuk pengangkatan mikro-organisme dari sistem saluranakar dan pencegahan reinfeksi. Preparasi khemomekanis saluran akar melibatkan instrumentasi mekanik dan bahanirigasi antibakterial.
PENGGUNAAN KITOSAN SEBAGAI BIOMATERIAL DI KEDOKTERAN GIGI
Authors: Ika Devi Adiana  , Lasminda Syafiar
Published: January 2021

Pengunaan produk-produk alam di bidang kedokteran saat ini semakin berkembang pesat. Salah satu bahan alami yangdigunakan adalah kitosan. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk menjelaskan kegunaan kitosan di bidang kedokteran gigi.Kitosan (poly-β-1,4-glukosamine) merupakan makalah biopolymer alami di alam yang memiliki rantai linear denganrumus struktur (C6H11NO4)n yang dapat diperoleh dari proses destilasi kitin. Kitin ditemukan banyak pada hewan lautberkulit keras seperti blankas, kepiting, kerang, udang, rajungan, cumi-cumi, jenis serangga dan jamur. Kitosan memilikibeberapa sifat yang menguntungkan seperti biokompatibel, biodegradable, tidak beracun serta mucoadhesion sehinggakitosan sering digunakan pada pengaplikasian biomedis. Sebagai kesimpulan, kitosan dapat digunakan sebagai antibakteri, menghambat/ membunuh mikroorganisme, menurunkan rasa nyeri, serta memperbaiki sifat-sifat material dibidang kedokteran gigi.
HUBUNGAN KARIES GIGI IBU DAN BALITANYA DI TIGA KECAMATAN KABUPATEN JEMBER
Authors: Ristya Widi Endah Yani
Published: January 2021

Kesehatan dan pengetahuan kesehatan ibu memiliki efek yang besar terhadap kesehatan balita dan keluarganya, begitujuga dengan kesehatan rongga mulut balita sangat dipengaruhi oleh ibunya. Faktor-faktor yang merupakan faktor risikoterjadinya karies balita adalah karies, oral hygiene, pengetahuan dan sikap ibu terhadap perawatan gigi serta gaya hidupibu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan karies ibu dengan karies balitanya. Metode penelitianadalah observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional pada ibu dan balitanya di 3 kecamatan KabupatenJember. Pengambilan sampel 84 ibu dan 84 balitanya usia 4-5 tahun dilakukan secara purposif. Variabel yang ditelitiadalah karies gigi ibu (DMF-T indeks) dan balita (def-t indeks). Untuk melihat hubungan karies gigi ibu dan balitanya ditiga kecamatan Kabupaten Jember dilakukan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata karies gigiibu 3,82 ± 1,59 dan karies gigi balita 4,07 ± 2,07. Terdapat hubungan karies gigi ibu dan balitanya di tiga kecamatanKabupaten Jember (p≤α0,05) dengan koefisien karelasi sebesar +0,6. Sebagai kesimpulan, terdapat hubungan karies gigiibu dengan balitanya, semakin tinggi karies ibu semakin tinggi pula karies balitanya.
PENGARUH WAKTU PERENDAMAN BASIS GIGITIRUAN RESIN AKRILIK POLIMERISASI PANAS DALAM EKSTRAK BUAH LERAK 0,01% TERHADAP KEKUATAN IMPAK
Authors: Ricca Chairunnisa  , Sunny Chailes
Published: January 2021

Gigitiruan berbasis akrilik dapat menimbulkan masalah baru bagi pasien jika kebersihan rongga mulut dan gigitiruantidak terjaga. Masalah yang paling umum terjadi yaitu meningkatnya jumlah Candida albicans yang dapat menyebabkandenture stomatitis. Untuk mencegah hal tersebut, gigitiruan berbasis akrilik harus dibersihkan dengan bahan pembersihgigitiruan. Ekstrak lerak 0,01% terbukti efektif menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk mengetahui berapa lama resin akrilik dapat direndam dalam ekstrak lerak 0,01% dan tidak berpengaruh padapenurunan kekuatan impak resin akrilik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental laboratoris dengan bahanresin akrilik. Sampel dibagi menjadi 10 kelompok. Resin akrilik kelompok A,B,C,D,E direndam dalam akuades dankelompok F,G,H,I,J direndam dalam ekstrak lerak 0,01% selama 2,3,4,5 dan 7 hari. Setelah itu, kekuatan impak darisampel diuji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan kekuatan impak resin akrilik yang direndamdalam akuades dan ekstrak lerak 0,01% selama 2,3,4,5 dan 7. Sebagai kesimpulan, ekstrak lerak 0,01% menurunkankekuatan impak resin akrilik.
DENTIN REPARATIF DAN GROWTH FACTOR YANG BERPERAN DALAM DENTINOGENESIS REPARATIF
Authors: Essie Octiara
Published: January 2021

Dentin reparatif adalah matriks dentin tersier yang disekresikan oleh sel odontoblast-like cell baru, untuk meresponsstimulus yang kuat setelah terjadinya kematian odontoblast postmitotic. Dentinogenesis reparatif melibatkan selprogenitor dan adanya induksi diferensiasi dari odontoblast-like cell sebelum terjadinya sekresi matrix dentin reparatif.Salah satu yang berperan dalam dentinogenesis reparatif adalah growth factor, yang bertindak sebagai regulasi beberapafungsi sel seperti proliferasi, diferensiasi dan sintesis matriks. Berbagai jenis growth factor yang berperan dalamregenerasi kompleks pulpa antara lain, Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFS-β), Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMPs),Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Insuline Like Growth Factor (IGF) dan Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGFs).
TINGKAT KEPARAHAN PERIODONTITIS SERTA PERBANDINGAN JUMLAH KOLONI AGGREGATIBACTER SP DAN PORPHYROMONAS SP PADA PLAK SUBGINGIVA PASIEN GANGGUAN JIWA
Authors: Sunnati  , Ridha Andayani  , Nadia Quamilla  , Syarifah Asmaul Husna
Published: January 2021

Stres negatif (distres) diduga sebagai salah satu faktor risiko periodontitis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui tingkat keparahan periodontitis serta perbandingan jumlah koloni Aggregatibacter sp dan Porphyromonas sp pada plak subgingiva pasien gangguan jiwa. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif analitik yang dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Banda Aceh. Subyek penelitian sebanyak 58 orang untuk pemeriksaan periodontitis dan 24 orang untuk perbandingan jumlah koloni. Pada subyek dilakukan wawancara dan pemeriksaan klinis yaitu pemeriksaan kedalaman poket periodontal dan pemeriksaan OHI-S, juga dilakukan pengambilan sampel plak subgingiva menggunakan paper point steril yang kemudian dibawa ke laboratorium untuk dikultur dan dihitung jumlah koloni bakterinya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, didapatkan jumlah subyek yang mengalami periodontitis lebih banyak dibandingkan jumlah subyek yang tidak periodontitis dengan distribusi yaitu 20,7%  tidak periodontitis, 70,7%  mengalami periodontitis moderat dan 8,6%  mengalami periodontitis parah. Jumlah koloni Aggregatibacter sp yang dikultur pada media AaGM sebanyak 1,5 x 108 CFU/ml dan jumlah koloni Porphyromonas sp yang dikultur pada media P.Ging Agar sebanyak 7,3 x 107 CFU/ml. Sebagai kesimpulan,  pada penelitian ini jumlah subyek yang mengalami periodontitis lebih banyak dibandingkan jumlah subyek yang tidak periodontitis dan Aggregatibacter sp merupakan bakteri yang paling dominan pada plak subgingiva pasien gangguan jiwa.
PERBEDAAN KADAR NITRIC OXIDE SALIVA PADA PEREMPUAN PENYIRIH SUKU KARO DENGAN DAN TANPA PINANG SEBAGAI POTENSIAL KARSINOGENIK
Authors: Pintauli Sondang , Ginting Rehulina , Sari Desy Purnama
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur kadar NO saliva pada perempuan penyirih suku Karo yang menggunakan dan tidak menggunakan pinang dihubungkan dengan perilaku menyirih. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional yang dilakukan pada 22 orang perempuan penyirih Suku Karo berusia 30-60 tahun di Kecamatan Pancur Batu, terdiri atas 11 kelompok penyirih yang menggunakan pinang dan 11 tanpa pinang. Pengumpulan saliva yaitu saliva yang distimulasi dan pengukuran kadar NO saliva dilakukan dengan spektrofotometer menggunakan metode griess reaction. Data dianalisis dengan uji t berpasangan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar NO saliva pada kelompok yang menggunakan dan tidak menggunakan pinang, uji korelasi Pearson untuk melihat hubungan perilaku menyirih dengan kadar NO saliva dan hubungan berat pinang dengan kadar NO saliva. Sedangkan regresi linear berganda dengan metode stepwise digunakan untuk menganalisis perilaku kebiasaan menyirih yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kadar NO saliva. Rerata kadar NO saliva pada kelompok yang menggunakan pinang 287,61±158,31 µM dan tidak menggunakan pinang 184,87±59,42 µM. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan perbedaan kadar NO saliva yang signifikan antara kelompok yang menggunakan dengan tidak menggunakan pinang (p=0,077). Pada kelompok yang menggunakan pinang, peningkatan kadar NO saliva memiliki korelasi yang kuat terhadap lama kebiasaan (r=0,736), frekuensi (r=0,796) dan lama paparan menyirih (r=0,814). Demikian juga pada kelompok yang tidak mengggunakan pinang, peningkatan kadar NO saliva memiliki korelasi yang kuat terhadap lama kebiasaan (r=0,929), frekuensi (r=0,906) dan lama paparan menyirih (r=0,935). Hasil analisis regresi linear berganda menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kadar NO saliva adalah lama paparan menyirih dengan persamaan y=-30,479+33,009x pada kelompok yang menggunakan pinang dan y=20,949+17,172x tidak menggunakan pinang. Sebagai kesimpulan, peningkatan kadar NO saliva pada kelompok yang menggunakan pinang lebih signifikan dibandingkan kelompok yang tidak menggunakan pinang.
PEMBUKAAN MULUT MAKSIMAL SUKU BATAK KELOMPOK UMUR 17-22 TAHUN
Authors: Ginting Rehulina , Purba May
Published: January 2021

Pembukaan mulut maksimal adalah jarak terjauh antara tepi insisal insisivus sentralis maksila dan mandibula pada garis tengah gigi ketika mulut terbuka maksimal. Pembukaan mulut maksimal merupakan parameter yang penting untuk mengevaluasi fungsi sendi temporomandibula dan status otot mastikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ukuran pembukaan mulut maksimal suku Batak kelompok umur 17-22 tahun. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pembukaan mulut maksimal antar jenis kelamin (p<0,05) namun tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antar masing-masing kelompok umur (p>0,05). Sebagai kesimpulan, rerata pembukaan mulut maksimal aktif pada laki-laki adalah 44,52 ± 7,27 mm dan pada perempuan 38,13 ± 4,16 mm, nilai rerata pembukaan mulut maksimal pasif pada laki-laki adalah 46,28 ± 6,79 mm dan pada perempuan 39,59 ± 4,62 mm.
PERBANDINGAN ANTARA PEMBERIAN KEJU OLES OLAHAN DENGAN DAN TANPA PASTA CPP-ACP TERHADAP KEKERASAN PERMUKAAN ENAMEL
Authors: Aswal Darwis , Batubara Yunita , Panggabean Eka Sansari
Published: January 2021

Kemampuan bahan remineralisasi dalam meremineralisasi gigi dapat diketahui dengan meningkatnya kekerasan permukaan gigi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan antara pemberian keju oles olahan dengan pasta casein phosphopeptide- amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) terhadap kekerasan permukaan enamel. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel 30 buah gigi molar tiga manusia yang sudah diekstraksi. Seluruh sampel direndam dalam minuman berkarbonasi selama 10 menit sebanyak tiga kali sehari selama 3 hari untuk menimbulkan demineralisasi. Setelah itu, sampel diberi bahan uji sesuai kelompoknya yaitu kelompok I tidak diberi bahan uji sebagai kontrol, kelompok II diberi keju oles olahan dan kelompok III diberi pasta CPP-ACP. Prosedur dilakukan selama 5 menit sebanyak tiga kali sehari selama 5 hari. Pengujian menggunakan Microvickers Hardness Tester dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali: sebelum perlakuan, setelah perendaman dalam minuman berkarbonasi dan setelah pemberian bahan uji. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis dengan uji Oneway ANOVA dan Bonferroni. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan nilai kekerasan permukaan enamel yang signifikan (p<0,05) pada kelompok keju oles oahan dan pasta CPP-ACP dengan rata-rata sebesar 41,42 VHN dan 71,43 VHN. Ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara pemberian keju oles olahan dengan pasta CPP-ACP terhadap kekerasan permukaan enamel. Sebagai kesimpulan, pasta CPP-ACP dapat meningkatkan kekerasan permukaan enamel lebih baik dari keju oles olahan.
PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN ANAK PENDERITA PENYAKIT GINJAL KRONIK
Authors: Erlianda Dian , Rizal Mochamad Fahlevi
Published: January 2021

Penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) pada anak merupakan masalah kesehatan yang di dunia. Jumlah anak penderita PGK di RSCM (Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo) tahun 1991-1995 adalah sebanyak 1533 anak dan pada tahun 1996-2000 terdapat peningkatan kasus sebesar 13,3%. Manifestasi klinis PGK pada anak dapat berupa gangguan pertumbuhan, malnutrisi, ketidakseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit sehingga dapat menyebabkan defek pada tulang, email gigi dan pertumbuhan gigi yang terlambat. Kondisi sistemik seperti kecenderungan perdarahan, anemia, defek dan keterlambatan pertumbuhan gigi anak PGK merupakan variabel penting dalam mempertimbangkan rencana perawatan yang komprehensif di bidang kedokteran gigi anak. Makalah ini membahas peran ginjal dan efek PGK terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Anak dengan PGK menunjukkan keterlambatan pertumbuhan yang dapat disebabkan oleh gangguan pada fungsi ginjal sebagai organ ekskretorik dan hormonal. Ginjal yang rusak menyebabkan tubuh kehilangan keseimbangan cairan, asam basa di dalam darah dan garam mineral yang penting untuk pertumbuhan. Kerusakan ginjal menyebabkan asidosis metabolik dan gangguan sekresi hormon pertumbuhan, anemia, penurunan nafsu makan (kaheksia) dan berkurangnya produksi vitamin D aktif sehingga menyebabkan keterlambatan pertumbuhan. Sebagai kesimpulan, anak dengan PGK menunjukkan gangguan pertumbuhan, malnutrisi, anemia, hipertensi, ketidakseimbangan elektrolit dan cairan tubuh, sehingga mungkin terlihat defek pada tulang dan email gigi, serta pertumbuhan gigi-geligi yang terlambat.
HYDROXYAPATITE, ALGINATE, AND CHITOSAN FOR BONE SCAFFOLDS: SPECTROSCOPY STUDY
Authors: Milla Lalita El
Published: January 2021

Scaffolds is three dimensional structure that serves as a framework for bone growth. Natural materials are often used in synthesis of bone tissue engineering scaffolds with respect to compliance with the content of the human body. Among the materials used to make scafffold was hydroxyapatite, alginate and chitosan. Hydroxyapatite powder obtained by mixing phosphoric acid and calcium hydroxide, alginate powders extracted from brown algae and chitosan powder acetylated from crab. The purpose of this study was to examine the functional groups of hydroxyapatite, alginate and chitosan. The method used in this study was laboratory experimental using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for hydroxyapatite, alginate and chitosan powders. The results indicated the presence of functional groups PO43-, O-H and CO32- in hydroxyapatite. In alginate there were O-H, C=O, COOH and C-O-C functional groups, whereas in chitosan there were O-H, N-H, C=O, C-N, and C-O-C. It was concluded that the third material containing functional groups as found in humans that correspond to the scaffolds material in bone tissue engineering.
THE STANDARDISATION OF ANATOMICAL, HISTOLOGICAL AND EMBRYOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY IN TRANSLATING ENGLISH-BASED ANATOMY TEXTBOOK INTO INDONESIAN
Authors: Anggraini Wita
Published: January 2021

Anatomical terminology is derived from classical languages, primarily Latin. Latin was used as the language of science until the early 18th century, so all medical textbooks were previously written in Latin. The existence of Latin in the textbooks of anatomy-histology-embryology in Indonesia becomes a challenge for students, lecturers, and researchers because they often have no background knowledge of Latin. The gap in Latin makes English textbooks preferable. English-based anatomy textbooks have been widely translated into Indonesian, but the translation of anatomical terminology in English has no standardization yet. The translations of anatomical terms can be based on several sources, namely: (1) Nomina Anatomica, Nomina Histologica, and Nomina Embryologica; (2) Terminologia Anatomica (TA), Terminologia Histologica (TH), and Terminologia Embryologica (TE); (3) Absorption language by adopting Latin and writing the anatomical terms in accordance with Indonesian spelling; and (4) Translation from English to Indonesian. The aim of this paper was to initiate the selection and determination of the anatomical terms which should be used in Indonesian in order to translate the English-based anatomy textbooks.
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM OF MINANGKABAUNES’ MAXILLARY CENTRAL INCISOR’S WIDTH
Authors: Kasuma Nila , Susi Susi , Fitri Haria , Fajrin Fildzah Nurul
Published: January 2021

Teeth are known as organs made up of the hardest mineral tissue that is resistant to decay and physical, thermal, mechanical, chemical or biological damage. Tooth crown dimensions are reasonably accurate predictors of genders especially to young individuals whose secondary skeletal characteristics are yet developed. This research aims to analyse the influence of genders to the width of maxillary central incisor Minangkabaunese. The study was conducted using cross-sectional method in Luhak Agam, Luhak Tanah Datar and Luhak Lima Puluh Kota, West Sumatra using simple random sampling technique to a total of 120 samples. Teeth width was measured in mesiodistal dimension with 0.01 mm calibrated sliding digital caliper. The measurement was done on a tooth mould at ⅓ incisal as the position of mesial and biggest distar. T-test independent statistic test was done to determine the relationship between the 2 variables. Sexual dimorphism was determined with Garn formula. The research shows significant difference (p=0.001) between the width of left and right central incisor in males and females. The average width of the male and female right maxillary incisor is 8.545 mm and 8.370 mm, while the left central incisor width is 8.877 mm in male and 8.283 mm in females. Sexual dimorphism on the right central incisor is 2.09% and 3.43% on the left side. The conclusion of the study is that maxillary central incisor width can distinguish different genders in the identification process.
HYDROGEN-RICH GAS PRODUCTION BY CATALYTIC DECOMPOSITION OF OXYGENATED COMPOUNDS OF C1 CHEMISTRY
Authors:   Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Badmaev S.D. ,   Novosibirsk State University, Pinigina A.E. ,   Boreskov Institute of Catalysis,   Novosibirsk State University, Belyaev V.D. ,   Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Sobyanin V.A. ,   Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
Published: January 2021

Catalytic decomposition of oxygenated compounds of C1 chemistry into hydrogen rich gas was studied over Pt/CeO2-ZrO2 catalyst. In particular, formic acid, methanol, dimethyl ether and dimethoxymethane were decomposed under atmospheric pressure into hydrogen-rich gas at temperatures below 450 oC. Challenges and benefits of each reaction in producing hydrogen-rich gas for fuel cell feeding are discussed
Terapias combinadas e alternativas para Transtorno de Ansiedade Generalizada na Atenção Primária: Uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Lima Júnior José Augusto Ferreira , Parente Iara Tomaz , Santos Gabriele Paiva , Vieira Gabrielly Azevedo , Rodrigues Iara Silvia Aguiar , Sousa Jemilly Ferreira de , Portela Júlia Vitória Coutinho , Urtiga Maurício Damasceno Torres de Sá , Assad Michele Nascimento , Oliveira Síntia Ferreira de
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Identificar, na literatura vigente, as principais intervenções terapêuticas combinadas ou alternativas para pacientes com Transtorno de Ansiedade Generalizada no cenário de atenção primária à saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa, qualitativa e descritiva de estudos nacionais e internacionais. Para a seleção dos artigos que compõem este trabalho, foi utilizada a base de dados Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, da qual foram extraídos estudos integralmente disponíveis que dissertam sobre a questão de pesquisa deste trabalho e artigos em todos os idiomas. Foram excluídos, no entanto, artigos que não faziam jus ao propósito da pesquisa, artigos de revisão sistemática e artigos de metanálise. Destes,18 artigos foram selecionados para leitura integral e constituem esta revisão de literatura. Resultados: No cenário de atenção primária à saúde, foi observado que pacientes tratados em centros de atenção básica com gerenciamento coordenado da ansiedade, em comparação com cuidados usuais secundários, obtiveram melhoras nos sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, bem como progressões na qualidade de vida. Conclusão: O tratamento multimodal da ansiedade destaca-se como uma estratégia promissora para melhorar os cuidados primários. Porém, apesar dos trabalhos demonstrarem eficácia em vários níveis, faz-se necessária a condução de mais estudos para avaliar as alternativas de terapias, com comprovação de eficácia e viabilidade no Transtorno de Ansiedade Generalizada.
Tratamento e fatores preditivos de prognóstico do paciente com Encefalopatia Hepática (HE)
Authors: Oliveira Igor de Sousa , Albuquerque Bárbara Prado de , Lima Hugo Tomé de Souza , Brandão Lara Bianca Soares , Imai Lia Maki Hatisuka , Lima Mara Georgia de Sousa , Elias Mariana Presot , Teodoro Samanta Pereira , Patrício Weverton Flôr , Vasconcelos Gilberto Loiola de
Published: January 2021

Objetivos: Compreender e correlacionar os tratamentos comuns e alternativos da Encefalopatia Hepática, bem como os fatores preditivos de prognóstico do paciente com tal complicação patológica. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica do tipo integrativa de caráter retrospectivo com abordagem quanti-qualitativa, elucidando a descrição e a aplicação de estudos. Tal estudo ocorreu nos meses de outubro e novembro de 2020 por meio da base de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed e seus sites aliados. Para isso, associaram-se os operadores boleanos com os descritores selecionados e pertinentes no corpo de trabalho, por meio da base Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS), sendo eles: “encefalopatia hepática”, “terapêutica” e “prognóstico”. Incluíram-se artigos disponíveis na integra, com recorte temporal dos últimos cinco anos e nos idioma português, inglês e espanhol. Selecionaram-se vinte artigos para analise de dados concomitantes com os objetivos da pesquisa. Principais resultados: Constatou-se com o devido estudo que a Encefalopatia Hepática ainda está relacionada a tratamentos comuns e efetivos, destacando-se dissacarídeos não absorvíveis e antibióticos, a exemplo da lactulose e o lactitol associado com a rifaximina e o metronidazol. Por outro lado, como alternativa às adversidades do uso do tratamento convencional, destaca-se a L-ornitina L-aspartato (LOLA), L-carnitina associado à lactulose, probióticos, diálise extracorpórea de albumina, infusão de albumina e transplante da microbiota fecal. Além do desenvolvimento de tratamentos alternativos, o manejo do paciente com Encefalopatia Hepática também está relacionado a fatores preditivos de prognóstico que condicionam uma interpretação massiva do estado geral do paciente, levando em consideração, principalmente, a formalização de escalas e scores que interpretem exemplares, tais como: eletrólitos, grau de HE, função renal e os níveis de amônia. Conclusão: Logo, notou-se com tais questões que os avanços e reconhecimentos dos tratamentos e dos fatores preditivos de prognóstico do indivíduo acometido pela Encefalopatia Hepática devem ser constantes em prol de interpretar fatores concludentes correlacionados com a relação binominal “organismo-microorganismo” com o fito de proporcionar dados interpretativos de um melhor prognóstico do paciente acometido por essa complicação.
Poverty Reduction in Regencies/Municipalities in South Sumatra Province
Authors: Rohima Siti , Liliana Liliana , Putri Aning Kesuma
Published: January 2021

Local Government expenditure is budgeting for all government needs and activities and managed under the authority of provinces, regencies, and municipalities through their respective regional heads. Well-targeted Local Government expenditure optimization has a significant impact on the regional economy. This research aims to determine poverty reduction in regencies/municipalities in South Sumatra Province, Indonesia, by examining the variable’s impact of social assistance expenditure, capital expenditure, and local revenue on poverty. The data used are primary and secondary data obtained from 15 regencies/municipalities in South Sumatra Province during the 2010-2018 periods. The analysis technique uses in this research were Poverty Mapping with Klassen Typology and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). Using the Klassen typology for poverty mapping in South Sumatra Province obtained four regional classifications (quadrant) based on poverty and economic growth: quadrant I (developed and fast-growing region), quadrant II (developed but depressed region), quadrant III (developing region), and quadrant IV (less developed region). The Klassen typology classification results: quadrant I include Palembang City, quadrant II includes Musi Banyuasin Regency, Muara Enim Regency, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, and Banyuasin Regency. Quadrant III includes Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, Prabumulih City, and Lubuk Linggau City. Also, quadrant IV includes Lahat Regency, Musi Rawas Regency, Ogan Ilir Regency, Ogan Komering Ulu Timur Regency, Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan Regency, Empat Lawang Regency, and Pagar Alam City. The t-test regression results showed that Social assistance expenditure and local revenue affect poverty reduction, while capital expenditure does not significantly affect poverty reduction. The F-test regression results showed that poverty reduction was affected simultaneously by social assistance expenditure, capital expenditure, and local revenue. Policies in social assistance expenditure and capital expenditure were not well-targeted. The policies expected to reduce poverty are to provide well-targeted social assistance expenditure and capital expenditure.
Modelo de calidad para el mejoramiento de la eficiencia en las instituciones públicas del Ecuador
Authors: Casanova Villalba César Iván , Herrera Sánchez Maybelline Jaqueline , Navarrete Zambrano Cecilia Mercedes , Ruiz López Silvana Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

Introducción: Toda institución pública tiene en su misión el brindar atención de calidad a la ciudanía, pero variantes o limitantes como presupuesto, accesibilidad, dificultades tecnológicas, entre otros factores entorpecen la eficiencia de las instituciones, motivos por el cual se deben buscar estrategias que impulsen la mejora continua pese a estas dificultades. Objetivo: Presentar un modelo de calidad para el mejoramiento de la eficiencia de las instituciones públicas del Ecuador, modelo que considera las adversidades por las que atraviesan dichas instituciones y que no pueden incurrir en grandes inversiones. Metodología: El modelo toma investigaciones teóricas e históricas, por lo cual será una investigación cuantitativa al momento de evaluar las situaciones que enfrenta el sector público, pero también será cuantitativa al momento de tratar de estandarizar con modelos estadísticos los resultados. La investigación tendrá su inicio con el levantamiento de la estructura de los problemas raíz mediante la aplicación de encuestas y entrevistas, plasmando en una espina de pescado, y ser análisis con el diagrama de Pareto. Resultados: Presentar un modelo de mejora continua que impulse a mejorar la imagen institucional, pero sin incurrir en inversiones demasiado elevadas que afecten a los presupuestos deducidos con los que cuentan las entidades del sector público, se focalizaran el modelo en instrumentos de calidad de costo cero como las 5s, identificación y eliminación de mudas, capacitación y control de producción ya sea de productos y servicios que entregue la entidad. Conclusiones: Las entidades del sector público siempre han sido vistas de manera inferior esto en base a diferentes escenarios, pero siempre catalogado como ineficiente, mediante el modelo presentado, lo que se busca se cambie ese paradigma y que la mejora no conlleve gastos que estén fuera de los presupuestos preestablecidos.