bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Unmet Needs from an Online Metastatic Breast Cancer Support Group: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kadravello Aravinthan , Tan Seng-Beng , Ho Gwo-Fuang , Kaur Ranjit , Yip Cheng-Har
Published: July 2021

Background and Objective: Despite the increasing treatment options for patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC), unmet needs remain common, especially in low and middle-income countries where resources are limited and MBC patients face many challenges. They often join support groups to cope with their unmet needs. Currently, many MBC patients connect with each other via online support group in view of the constant availability of support and rapid information exchange. The objective of this study is to determine the unmet needs of women with MBC from an online support group. Material and Methods: Messages in an online support group of twenty-two MBC patients over a period of three years from August 2016 till August 2019 were thematically analyzed. Results: Three themes were generated, (1) unmet information needs (2) unmet financial needs (3) unmet support needs. Women needed information on side effects of treatment, new treatment options and availability of clinical trials. Although Malaysia has universal health care coverage, access to treatment remains a major challenge. When treatment was not available in the public hospitals, or waiting lists were too long, women were forced to seek treatment in private hospitals, incurring financial catastrophe. Insufficient private insurance and inadequate social security payments force many women to consider stopping treatment. Women felt that they were not getting support from their clinicians in the public sector, who were quick to stop active treatment and advise palliation. On the other hand, clinicians in the private sector advise expensive treatment beyond the financial capability of the patients. Women with families also face the challenge of managing their family and household in addition to coping with their illness. Conclusions: There is a need for healthcare professionals, policy makers, and civil society to better address the needs of MBC patients through patient-centered, multidisciplinary and multi-organizational collaboration.
Differences between the European Union and United States of America in Drug Regulatory Affairs Affect Global Patient Safety Standards and Public Health Awareness: The Case of Deferasirox and Other Iron Chelating Drugs
Authors: Kontoghiorghes George J.
Published: July 2021

Regulatory policies on drugs have a major impact on patient safety and survival. Some pharmaceutical companies employ all possible methods to achieve maximum sales in relation to the monopoly of their patented drugs, leading sometimes to irregularities and illegal activities. Misinformation on the orphan drug deferasirox has reached the stage of criminal investigations and fines exceeding USD 100 million. Additional lawsuits of USD 3.5 billion for damages and civil fines were also filed by the FBI of the USA involving deferasirox and mycophenolic acid, which were later settled with an additional fine of USD 390 million. Furthermore, a USD 345 million fine was also settled for bribes and other illegal overseas operations including an EU country. However, no similar fines for illegal practises or regulatory control violations have been issued in the EU. Misconceptions and a lack of clear guidelines for the use of deferasirox in comparison to deferiprone and deferoxamine appear to reduce the effective treatment prospects and to increase the toxicity risks for thalassaemia and other iron loaded patients. Similar issues have been raised for the activities of other pharmaceutical companies promoting the use of new patented versus generic drugs. Treatments for different categories of patients using new patented drugs are mostly market driven with no clear safeguards or guidelines for risk/benefit assessment indications or for individualised effective and safe optimum therapies. There is a need for the establishment of an international organisation, which can monitor and assess the risk/benefit assessment and marketing of drugs in the EU and globally for the benefit of patients. The pivotal role of the regulatory drug authorities and the prescribing physicians for identifying individualised optimum therapies is essential for improving the survival and safety of millions of patients worldwide.
Image Process of Rock Size Distribution Using DexiNed-Based Neural Network
Authors: Li Haijie , Asbjörnsson Gauti , Lindqvist Mats
Published: July 2021

In an aggregate crushing plant, the crusher performances will be affected by the variation from the incoming feed size distribution. Collecting accurate measurements of the size distribution on the conveyors can help both operators and control systems to make the right decisions in order to reduce overall power consumption and avoid undesirable operating conditions. In this work, a particle size distribution estimation method based on a DexiNed edge detection network, followed by the application of contour optimization, is proposed. The proposed framework was carried out in the four main steps. The first step, after image preprocessing, was to utilize a modified DexiNed convolutional neural network to predict the edge map of the rock image. Next, morphological transformation and watershed transformation from the OpenCV library were applied. Then, in the last step, the mass distribution was estimated from the pixel contour area. The accuracy and efficiency of the DexiNed method were demonstrated by comparing it with the ground-truth segmentation. The PSD estimation was validated with the laboratory screened rock samples.
Valorization of Rice Straw via Hydrotropic Lignin Extraction and Its Characterization
Authors: Yin Chongxin , Wang Min , Ma Qingzhi , Bian Huiyang , Ren Hao , Dai Hongqi , Cheng Jinlan
Published: July 2021

Rice straw hydrotropic lignin was extracted from p-Toluene sulfonic acid (p-TsOH) fractionation with a different combined delignification factor (CDF). Hydrotropic lignin characterization was systematically investigated, and alkaline lignin was also studied for the contrast. Results showed that the hydrotropic rice straw lignin particle was in nanometer scopes. Compared with alkaline lignin, the hydrotropic lignin had greater molecular weight. NMR analysis showed that β-aryl ether linkage was well preserved at low severities, and the unsaturation in the side chain of hydrotropic lignin was high. H units and G units were preferentially degraded and subsequently condensed at high severity. High severity also resulted in the cleavage of part β-aryl ether linkage. 31P-NMR showed the decrease in aliphatic hydroxyl groups and the increasing carboxyl group content at high severity. The maximum weight loss temperature of the hydrotropic lignin was in the range of 330–350 °C, higher than the alkaline lignin, and the glass conversion temperature (Tg) of the hydrotropic lignin was in the range of 107–125 °C, lower than that of the alkaline lignin. The hydrotropic lignin has high β-aryl ether linkage content, high activity, nanoscale particle size, and low Tg, which is beneficial for its further valorization.
Varietal and Geographical Origin Characterization of Peaches and Nectarines by Combining Analytical Techniques and Statistical Approach
Authors: Tamasi Gabriella , Bonechi Claudia , Leone Gemma , Andreassi Marco , Consumi Marco , Sangiorgio Paola , Verardi Alessandra , Rossi Claudio , Magnani Agnese
Published: July 2021

Prunus persica L. is one of the most important fruit crops in European production, after grapes, apples, oranges and watermelons. Most varieties are rich in secondary metabolites, showing antioxidant properties for human health. The purpose of this study was to develop a chemical analysis methodology, which involves the use of different analytical-instrumental techniques to deepen the knowledge related to the profile of metabolites present in selected cultivars of peaches and nectarines cultivated in the Mediterranean area (Southern Italy). The comparative study was conducted by choosing yellow-fleshed peaches (RomeStar, ZeeLady) and yellow-fleshed nectarines (Nectaross, Venus) from two geographical areas (Piana di Sibari and Piana di Metaponto), and by determining the chemical parameters for the flesh and skin that allow for identification of any distinctive varietal and/or geographical characteristics. A combined analytical and chemometric approach was used, trough rheological, thermogravimetric (TGA), chromatographic (HPLC-ESI-MS), spectroscopic (UV-Vis, ATR-FTIR, NMR) and spectrometric (ToF-SIMS) analysis. This approach allowed us to identify the characterizing parameters for the analysis of a plant matrix so that the developed methodology could define an easily exportable and extendable model for the characterization of other types of vegetable matrices.
Monochelic Versus Telechelic Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) as a Matrix for Photoluminescent Nanocomposites with Quantum Dots
Authors: Jablanovic Anastasija D. , Bekanova Marianna Z. , Litmanovich Ekaterina A. , Karpov Oleg N. , Bugakov Miron A. , Shandryuk George A. , Ezhov Alexander A. , Talroze Raisa V. , Chernikova Elena V.
Published: July 2021

Nanocomposites based on CdSe or CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) of different molecular weights and functionality were synthesized by ligand exchange of oleic acid with RAFT-based PMMA. The successful ligand exchange was confirmed by dynamic light scattering in combination with the approach “macromolecules—ghosts” and transmission electron microscopy. Comparative study of mono- and telechelics of PMMA revealed the similarities and differences in their behavior in formation of complexes with QDs and the optical properties of the corresponding nanocomposites. Telechelics exhibited higher efficiency in the complex formation and seemed to be promising candidates for the construction of devices based on QDs and polymer matrix for optical applications.
Novel DNA Bis-Intercalator XR5944 as a Potent Anticancer Drug—Design and Mechanism of Action
Authors: Buric Adam J. , Dickerhoff Jonathan , Yang Danzhou
Published: July 2021

This review is dedicated to Professor William A. Denny’s discovery of XR5944 (also known as MLN944). XR5944 is a DNA-targeted agent with exceptionally potent antitumor activity and a novel DNA binding mode, bis-intercalation and major groove binding, as well as a novel mechanism of action, transcription inhibition. This novel anticancer compound represents a remarkable accomplishment resulting from two decades of drug discovery by Professor Denny and coworkers. Here, we review our work on the structural study of the DNA binding mode of XR5944 and mechanistic study of XR5944 action.
Clitorienolactones and Isoflavonoids of Clitorea ternatea Roots Alleviate Stress-Like Symptoms in a Reserpine-Induced Zebrafish Model
Authors: Ngadni Muhammad Afiq , Akhtar Muhammad Tayyab , Ismail Intan Safinar , Norazhar Anis Irfan , Lee Soo Yee , Maulidiani Maulidiani , Shaari Khozirah
Published: July 2021

Clitorea ternatea has been used in Ayurvedic medicine as a brain stimulant to treat mental illnesses and mental functional disorders. In this study, the metabolite profiles of crude C. ternatea root extract (CTRE), ethyl acetate (EA), and 50% aqueous methanol (50% MeOH) fractions were investigated using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–DAD–MS/MS), while their effect on the stress-like behavior of zebrafish, pharmacologically induced with reserpine, was investigated. A total of 32 compounds were putatively identified, among which, a series of norneolignans, clitorienolactones, and various flavonoids (flavone, flavonol, isoflavone, and isoflavanone) was found to comprise the major constituents, particularly in the EA and 50% MeOH fractions. The clitorienolactones, presently unique to the species, were present in both the free and glycosylated forms in the roots. Both the EA and 50% MeOH fractions displayed moderate effects on the stress-induced zebrafish model, significantly decreasing freezing duration and elevating the total distance travelled and average velocity, 72 h post-treatment. The results of the present study provide further evidence that the basis for the use of C. ternatea roots in traditional medicine to alleviate brain-related conditions, such as stress and depression, is attributable to the presence of clitorienolactones and the isoflavonoidal constituents.
Physical and Biodegradation Properties of Graphene Derivatives/Thermoplastic Starch Composites
Authors: Ferreira Willian Hermogenes , Andrade Cristina Tristão
Published: July 2021

Development of biodegradable materials for packaging is an issue of the utmost importance. These materials are an alternative to petroleum-based polymers, which contribute to environment pollution after disposal. In this work, graphene oxide (GO) and glucose-reduced graphene oxide (rGO-g) were incorporated to thermoplastic starch (TPS) by melt extrusion. The TPS/GO and TPS/rGO-g composites had their physical properties and biodegradability compared. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the type of graphene used led to different dispersion levels of graphene sheets, and to changes in the crystalline structure of TPS. Tensile tests carried out for the compression-molded composites indicated that TPS/rGO-g composites presented better mechanical performance. The Young’s modulus (E) increased from E = (28.6 ± 2.7) MPa, for TPS, to E = (110.6 ± 9.5) MPa and to (144.2 ± 11.2) MPa for TPS with rGO-g incorporated at 1.0 and 2.0 mass% content, respectively. The acid groups from graphene derivatives promoted glycosidic bond breakage of starch molecules and improved biodegradation of the composites. GO is well-dispersed in the TPS matrix, which contributes to biodegradation. For TPS/rGO-g materials, biodegradation was influenced by rGO-g dispersion level.
Effects of Recirculating Aquaculture System Wastewater on Anammox Performance and Community Structure
Authors: Roques Jonathan A. C. , Micolucci Federico , Hosokawa Suguru , Sundell Kristina , Kindaichi Tomonori
Published: July 2021

Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are good candidates for the sustainable development of the aquaculture sector. A current limitation of RAS is the production and accumulation of nitrogenous waste, which could affect fish health. We investigated the potential of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process to treat marine wastewater from a cold-water RAS. We show that the marine anammox bacteria Candidatus Scalindua is a promising candidate. However, its activity was affected by unknown compounds in the RAS wastewater and/or the sub-optimum content of essential trace elements (TEs). Anammox activity dropped to 2% and 13% in NH4+ and NO2− removal, respectively, when NO3-rich RAS wastewater was used as a medium in the absence of TE supplementation. A TE supplementation was added to the RAS wastewater in a subsequent phase, and a recovery in anammox activity was shown (25% and 24% in NH4+ and NO2− removal, respectively). Future studies need to identify the unknown factor and determine the specific needs regarding TE for optimal RAS wastewater treatment by Candidatus Scalindua.
Social prevention of family dysfunction in a preschool organization
Authors: Bibikova Nadezhda Vyacheslavovna , Grineva Elizaveta Alekseevna
Published: July 2021

The authors of the article highlight the importance of organizing social prevention with the most vulnerable categories of families. The article identifies the features of dysfunctional families; the criteria for family dysfunction are presented. The forms of preventive work in pre-school organizations are considered. The authors of the article analyze the results of the experimental work that includes the diagnostics of criteria for family dysfunction and the implementation of the program for the prevention of family dysfunction.
Difficulties of socialization of orphaned children in orphanages
Authors: Rustamova Dilnara Akramovna
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes the results of the study on the problems of orphaned children in orphanages. There are facts of the use of methods of physical punishment in relation to the institution's pupils; psychological methods of punishment and emotional pressure were used in two institutions.
Tax system of the Federal Republic of Germany
Authors: Novikov Dmitriy Aleksandrovich
Published: July 2021

This article provides a brief description of the tax system of the Federal Republic of Germany. An analysis of the main taxes and fees in modern Germany is presented, as well as the unique taxes that distinguish this state with its tax policy.
Motivation — is a key to success
Authors: Makarova Evgeniya Vladimirovna
Published: July 2021

This article considers the question of human motivation in the process of achieving goals and objectives. The article describes the main stages of motivation formation. A survey was conducted among the students. The main theoretical material on this issue is also considered. The conclusion has shown that this topic will always be relevant. A person should strive to achieve his goals and desires.
Features of social and economic development of the city of Ganja in the post-Soviet period
Authors: Babaeva Vyusalya Chingiz kyzy
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the issues of socio-economic development of Ganja as one of the major cities of Azerbaijan and the main directions of local social policy related to the social problems of post-Soviet development. It is determined that there are positive changes in the improvement of the city, the expansion of its administrative borders, consistency in addressing issues of enhancing the quality of education and health, the development of tourism, services, and social assistance to vulnerable segments of the population. Meanwhile, the issues of providing jobs for various segments of the population, improving infrastructure, and regulating internal migration, including one as a result of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, are still to be resolved.
Specifics of media influence on the transformation of political values and orientations of Russian youth
Authors: Malik Elena Nikolaevna
Published: July 2021

The article reveals the role of the institute of mass media on the processes of forming political consciousness and socio-political guidelines of young citizens in modern Russia. The problems of hygiene of media policy, media literacy and improving the information culture of young people remain relevant and crucial, given the new challenges of world politics and the geopolitical situation. The author argues that media education technologies aimed at increasing the media literacy of young citizens contribute to the realization of their socio-political subjectivity and initiative in the interests of the state and civil society.
Human capital management in modern conditions: norms, law, and innovative methods to the level of competence of labor resources
Authors: Ustinovich Elena Stepanovna
Published: July 2021

The relevance of addressing the problem of a comprehensive study of human capital in the context of economic transformation is caused by the need to develop innovative forms and methods of its use.
Cooperation between the WHO and the Republic of Armenia during the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Tamamyan Mery Armenovna
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the study of interaction between the WHO and the Republic of Armenia during the coronavirus pandemic. This paper focuses on the assessment of the results of the work of the healthcare authorities in Armenia during the COVID-19. The author emphasized the importance of fi nding new ways to cooperate in this epidemiological situation.
How to establish effective interaction between structural divisions of an enterprise
Authors: Minina I.S.
Published: July 2021

The lack of effective interaction between the divisions of the enterprise has a negative impact not only on a specific functional area, affects the performance and complicates the implementation of any projects. The article discusses the main tools of process management, the use of which will help to increase efficiency and eliminate the problems of interaction between structural divisions of the enterprise.
The basis of successful interaction is effective communication at all levels
Authors: Kolchina Oksana
Published: July 2021

The basis for effective interaction between departments is properly built and functioning communications, not only at the level of ordinary employees, but also at the level of heads of departments and top management. For example, you can often find a situation where a culture of project work is instilled in a company to improve interaction.
Organization of the personnel motivation system at the enterprise
Authors: Antonova G. Ya.
Published: July 2021

Within the framework of this study, the process of personnel motivation is studied on the example of LLC "Driver Recruitment Center". The study was conducted using a questionnaire to determine the sources of motivation. As a result, the preferences of the staff and individual employees regarding the format of encouraging their activities were established.
Using the kaizen system is an effective way to solve production problems through rationalization
Authors: Tarasenko A.V.
Published: July 2021

The termination of movement along the path of improvement means the beginning of the degradation of the company. If we consider the term “kaizen” in relation to a manufacturing enterprise, then it means the continuous improvement of both production processes and auxiliary business processes and management of production and the enterprise as a whole. The article provides examples of the use of the “kaizen” system at the leading Russian metallurgical enterprises VSMPO-AVISMA and the Oskol electrometallurgical plant.
Personnel training and education: business game as an effective teaching method
Authors: Dudnikova M.V. , Muravyova N.A. , Kolesnikov A.V.
Published: July 2021

This article describes the basic principles and features of the business game. There are shown the main advantages and differences of business game from other methods of training. There are also explained the objectives of this type of training in the organization.
How to fill the shortage of qualified personnel in the modern Russian economy
Authors: Shpileva A.A.
Published: July 2021

The demand for innovation-oriented specialists is growing every year. It becomes difficult to recruit qualified personnel capable of promoting innovative ideas and products in Russia. It is necessary to confront the difficulties of introducing new elements of the educational system in modern Sian universities and meeting the modern challenges of the economy - one of the main tasks of economic education and promoting this on the part of the state as a whole.
Improving the efficiency of enterprises in the transition to the digital economy
Authors: Sofronov V. A. , Maksimova S. M.
Published: July 2021

Today’s society cannot be imagined without information technologies that have opened up new market opportunities. The emergence of new digital media with modern advantages in the field of information technologies, their adoption and implementation in the social and economic life of society forms a new system of the global international economy, i.e. digital.
Labor remuneration: systems, forms, methods (methodological aspect)
Authors: Filin S. A. , Balakhanova D. K. , Tleubergenov A. A.
Published: July 2021

Remuneration of labor occupies a special place in solving issues of the social and labor sphere and social policy of the organization. This is due to its significance in ensuring life sustenance, as well as the functions that it performs in the development of society and the economy. That is why it is so important to take into account the methodological aspects of its formation when using forms and systems of remuneration at the enterprise.
Lames du Néolithique dans les carrières de Nan (Nord de la Thaïlande)
Authors: Forestier Hubert , Zeitoun Valéry , Tiamtinki Chaturaporn , Boonyai Siriphat , Winayalai Chinnawut , Auetrakulvit Prasit
Published: July 2021

Les séries lithiques de surface des carrières de Nan (Nord de la Thaïlande) se distinguent du paysage archéologique régional par la densité impressionnante de pierres taillées rencontrées mais également, par la présence d'une production de lames. Dans cette aire géographique, le phénomène laminaire revêt un caractère original et même inattendu pour ce qui est de la période Néolithique.

L'analyse typo-technologique des lames de Nan permet de décrire une chaîne opératoire inédite, en rupture avec les cultures archéologiques locales plus anciennes. En effet, on y trouve majoritairement des industries sur galets taillés et ce jusqu'à des époques très récentes. L'article entreprend une révision de l'identité néolithique de Thaïlande sous l'angle de la production de lames. C'est l'occasion de discuter de son origine, de son originalité, de sa genèse et de sa place dans la chronologie préhistorique dans l'ensemble de l'Asie du Sud-Est et du monde chinois. L'originalité de ce qui apparaît comme une innovation technique régionale interroge sur l'existence de multiples foyers d'invention reconnue dans la préhistoire de cette région du monde.
L'inscription de Dharmasena à Mueang Toei (K. 1082). 1. Archéologie
Authors: Pichard Pierre
Published: July 2021

L'inscription K. 1082, du site de Mueang Toei en Thaïlande a, pourrait-on dire, été plusieurs fois « découverte » ; elle n'a toutefois jusqu'à maintenant fait l'objet d'aucune étude systématique. Dans une première partie, Pierre Pichard brosse une description détaillée du site sur lequel elle a été mise au jour et propose une reconstitution du contexte architectural dont faisait probablement partie le linteau sur lequel elle est gravée. Dans la seconde partie Gerdi Gersheimer en établit le texte à la suite d'une visite sur place et à partir des estampages et documents photographiques disponibles, puis en propose une traduction et un commentaire détaillé.
Resources, Power and Identities of a Hunting-gathering Society. Revisiting the Mlabri Ethnic Group in Northern Thailand
Authors: Na Nan Sakkarin
Published: July 2021

Resources, Power and Identities of a Hunter-gatherer Society.

Revisiting the Mlabri Ethnic Group in Northern Thailand.

Sakkarin Na Nan.

This article describes the struggles of the hunter-gatherer Mlabri ethnic group in the context of spatial and symbolic enclosure. Based on a political ecology conceptual framework, the author argues that the present-day Mlabri struggle in the degraded environment of northern Thailand cannot be understood, particularly, through the linear model of human evolutionism from hunters to farmers. The article looks at the existence of the hunter-gatherer Mlabri as the result of an asymmetrical power relation in the micro-politics of a local valley of Nan province. It shows that the current transitions experienced by the hunter-gatherer Mlabri society are a microcosm of the structural contradictions of the resource management in the contemporary Thai nation-state. However, the core point of this paper is that the marginalized hunter-gatherers are not remaining under domination without any resistance. Moreover, they use several social strategies to reshape their livelihood conditions and— at the same time— to manage the complex social identities of hunter-gatherers in a globalised world.
Politeia et politeuma chez Polybe
Authors: Lévy Edmond
Published: July 2021

Politeia and politeuma in Polybius.

A study of the appearance and various meanings of the words politeia and politeuma is followed by an analysis of their common lexical field of a civic-type political organisation making up a State. Then the differences within this field are explained : politeia, designating a political régime, is a mental entity, while a politeuma possesses a political régime and corresponds more closely to the concrete reality of a State.
Les dieux anciens et leurs professions
Authors: Petersmann Hubert
Published: July 2021

Der antike Gott und sein Beruf

Im Gegensatz zu den monotheistischen Religionen war den Griechen und Römern sowie ihren indogermanischen Vorfahren der Glaube an einen in jeder Hinsicht absoluten Gott fremd. Sie verehrten eine Vielzahl von Göttern und Dämonen, die sich ursprünglich nur als überhöhte menschliche Wesen vorstellten, die sich weder durch Allmächtigkeit noch durch Allgegenwärtigkeit noch durch Allwissensheit auszeichneten : nicht Schöpfer der Welt, sondern letztlich Geschöpfe, die geboren wurden, jedoch unsterblich waren und zumeist in ewiger Jugend verharrten. Im übrigen jedoch war das Leben der Gottheiten nicht verschieden von dem der Menschen. Sie hatten ihre bestimmten Ñamen, ihr individuelles Äußeres, ihren festen Wohnsitz sowie ihren speziellen Aufgaben-und Wirkungsbereich (griech. νομή, lat. prouincia), und — nicht anders als die Menschen — ihren Beruf mit seiner Arbeit (τέχνη, ἔργον, opus, munus, officium, etc.), für die sie mit Opfern entlohnt wurden. Anders als der Mensch brauchten sie sich jedoch nicht mit den Händen zu mühen. Je nach ihrer Wirkungsweise erhielten sie oft auch ihre Bezeichnungen — Verbaladjektive : z.B. Ούρανός = der Nassende (scil. der das Naß des Himmels schafft, dann mit dem Himmel selbst identifiziert) oder nomina agentium : z.B. Ζεύς = der Leuchtende (scil. der das Licht des Tages bewirkt, dann auch für den Tag gebraucht). Mit Ζεύς, Iu-piter etymologisch verwandt ist lat. deus, das bei den Römern zum Appellativ für Gott wurde.

Während bei den Italikern also das Phänomen des Lichtes auschlaggebend für die Bezeich-nung von Gott wurde, war der Gottesbegriff der Griechen vor allem geprägt durch den Glauben an eine Macht, die etwas Geordnetes schafft und bewirkt (θεός, etymolog. zu τίθημι, θέμις). Daneben existierte aber auch — wie noch etwa bei den Indo-Iraniern und Slawen — die Vorstellung von einem hôheren Wesen, dessen Tätigkeit darin bestand, dem Menschen sein Schicksal zuzuteilen, wodurch sein Name appellativische Funktion erhalten konnte (δαίμων).
Arkhitekton — Ergolabos / Ergones
Authors: Jacquemin Anne
Published: July 2021

A partir d’exemples delphiens et déliens, étude des relations existant entre les professions d’architecte et d’entrepreneur. Distinction à faire entre l’architecte-créateur, même si son talent reconnu par les modernes ne lui valait pas dans l’antiquité un statut social particulier, et l’architecte-chef de chantier au service de la communauté, qui l’emploie à diverses tâches. Distinction à faire également entre les aristocrates prenant en adjudication de grands chantiers, non sans arrière-pensées politiques, et les petits artisans qui acceptent d’humbles besognes.
El δñμος y la στάσις en la obra de Tucίdides
Authors: Sancho Rocher Laura
Published: July 2021

Le δήμος et la στάσις dans l’œuvre de Thucydide

L’analyse est axée sur l’information livrée par Thucydide sur le phénomène de stasis contemporain de la Guerre du Péloponnèse. S’il est vrai que l’historien athénien ne place pas ce sujet au centre de son enquête, il n’a pas manqué pour autant de percevoir la relation particulière existant entre la guerre des deux grandes ligues et les violents affrontements civiques entre démocrates et oligarques. Une comparaison entre le récit chez Thucydide de quelques-uns des conflits civiques les plus importants au temps de la guerre et, d’une part, l’analyse sociale du Pseudo-Xénophon, d’autre part les propositions de réforme socio-poütique à la fin du Ve siècle et les diagnostics des philosophes du IVe sur la stasis, permet de conclure que la confrontation entre démos et oligoi ne se limitait pas à une lutte pour le pouvoir, mais impliquait des changements dans la politela elle-même, ce qui explique que les classes populaires ne pouvaient demeu¬ rer en marge du conflit.
Camille, Manlius et la fondation du temple de Juno Moneta chez Tite-Live : légende de temple et doublet symbolique au livre VII
Authors: Johner Anita
Published: July 2021

Tite-Live, VII, 28, est la seule source antique à rapporter de manière détaillée la fondation du temple de Juno Moneta sur la citadelle. Pour lui, cette fondation serait l’accomplissement d’un vœu prononcé en 345, lors d’une bataille contre les Aurunques, par le dictateur Camille, assisté dans cette campagne par le maître de la cavalerie Gn. Manlius Capitolinus. Ce récit entre nettement dans la catégorie des légendes de temple, et de nombreux éléments semblent faire écho à la légende républicaine de M. Manlius Capitolinus, sauveur de la citadelle lors du siège gaulois : l’identité des magistrats de 345, les coïncidences topographiques, mais aussi les prodiges qui suivent la fondation du temple apparaissent comme autant de rappels de la geste manlienne et surtout du destin tragique du héros capitolin.
Zum Vorstoß von Acker- und Gartenbau in die Wildnis : Das „Westlokrische Siedlungsgesetz‟ (IG, IX, 12, 609) in seinem agrargeschichtlichen Zusammenhang
Authors: Gschnitzer Fritz
Published: July 2021

L’avancée de l’agriculture dans les terres incultes : la «loi coloniale des Locriens de L’ouest» (IG IX, I2, 609) dans le cadre de l’histoire agraire.

Le bronze Pappadakis, avec la loi coloniale des Locriens de l’ouest, vient de la région du coude de l’Événos ou de Phidaris, qui, pour la période, qui reste discutée (sans doute la première moitié du Ve s. av. J.-C.) ne se laisse pas attribuer avec certitude aux Locriens de Naupacte ou aux Étoliens. Il concerne le partage de la terre commune qui doit être colonisée et exploitée intensivement et il définit la situation juridique des nouveaux lots de terre : ils sont attribués à ceux qui les reçoivent non en pleine propriété mais avec un droit d’usage privilégié et héréditaire et ils ne sont soumis à une reprise et à un nouveau partage qu’en cas d’urgence à la guerre et à des conditions déterminées.
Von Hirten, Krautsammlern, Epheben und Pilgern : Leben auf den Bergen im antiken Kreta
Authors: Chaniotis Angelos
Published: July 2021

Bergers, herboristes et pèlerins : la vie à la montagne dans la Crète antique.

La montagne imprime sa marque au tableau géographique de la Crète. Aussi a-t-elle une grande importance dans tous les domaines de la vie antique. Bien que les établissements fixes et organisés se soient concentrés dans le voisinage des plaines, leur territoire était constitué principalement de régions montagneuses. Celles-ci jouaient un rôle important non seulement dans la société (chasse, initiation des éphèbes) et la religion de la Crète dorienne, mais aussi dans l’économie de subsistance des petits et micro-États (élevage, apiculture, économie forestière, agriculture). Dans maintes régions se constitue même une «conscience de montagne». La conquête de la Crète par les Romains amène cependant deux changements importants : a) L’exploitation économique de la montagne s’intensifie du fait d’un commerce d’exportation (en particulier herbes, bois, miel, cire et pierre) ; b) les montagnes perdent leur importance pour l’institution disparue de l’éphébie (mais pas pour la religion). Si l’on se représente l’importance variée et toujours changeante de la montagne dans l’exemple crétois, on voit bien la nécessité de grandes différenciations lorsqu’on étudie le rôle de la montagne dans la vie et dans la conscience des Grecs.
Les curiosités naturelles chez Pausanias
Authors: Jacquemin Anne
Published: July 2021

In seiner Beschreibung Griechenlands hat Pausanias Anteii nicht nur an den Menschenwerken genommen, sondem er hat auch die Wunde der Natur erwàhnt. Einige Stellen gehören zwar zu der Gattung der Paradoxographie, andere aber beschreiben gewôhnlichere Naturerscheinungen wie Hôhle, Quellen, Flüße oder das Schattenbild einer am Horizont erscheinenden Stadt. Findas Wasser ist Pausanias besonders empfindlich : er interessiert sich für alle seine Eigenschaften, d.h. Farbe, Bewegung, Wärme, Geschmack und Heilkraft. Er beachtet genau so die Bäume, die für ihn wegen der Schattenkühle und des Fruchtgeruchs mit ’der Sinnlichkeit vereinigt sind. Sein zum Vergnügen gelesenes Buch gebärt Tràume, was Historiker und Archäologen in ihren zweckdienlichen Lesungen zu oft vergessen.
Natur und Landschaft in der römischen Lyrik dargestellt an Frühlingsgedichten (Catull, 46 ; Horaz, carm. 1, 4 ; 4, 7 ; 4, 12)
Authors: Von Albrecht Michael
Published: July 2021

Nature et paysage dans la lyrique romaine des poèmes de printemps (Catulle, 46 ; Horace, Carm. 1, 4 ; 4, 7 ; 4, 12).

Une série de poèmes de printemps montrent bien les différences entre la lyrique de la fin de l’époque républicaine et celle de l’époque augustéenne, différences en rapport avec les changements dans la situation politique et dans la conception du monde. A l’intérieur même de l’œuvre d’Horace les changements sont sensibles ; ils incitent à proposer une datation haute pour Carm. 4, 12.
Schichten antiker Agrikultur in Goethes Beschreibungen italienischer Landschaft
Authors: Christmann Eckhard
Published: July 2021

Goethe beobachtete während seiner Italienreise Agrarlandschaften und landwirtschaftliche Aktivitäten. Eine Überprüfung ergibt : es handelte sich um antike Agrikultur, an der die Land-bevölkerung Italiens in Technik und Methode bis in die Moderne festgehalten hatte. Goethes Genauigkeit in der Beschreibung ermôglicht sogar die Unterscheidung von Elementen des römischen Kleinbauemtums und von Elementen der kaiserzeitlichen Landwirtschaftslehre, die mehr auf die Wohlhabenden orientiert war. Neben dem rômischen Erbe in technischer und metho-discher Hinsicht findet sich in Goethes Zeilen auch eine Tradition des antiken Arbeitsethos. Der Autor hat freilich auch diesen direkten Zusammenhang mit der Antike nicht ausgesprochen. Nicht im Alltagsleben des Volkes auf dem Lande sah er eine Verbindung zur Antike, sondern in den groBen Werken.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of dentists regarding periodontal tissue health in Birjand, Northeast Iran
Authors: Mohammadi-Moghaddam Marzieh , Zebarjadi Mohaddese , Osmani Freshteh
Published: July 2021

Background. Determining what dentists know and believe about periodontal tissue properties is important to establish prevention practices. The present study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of general dental practitioners about the properties of periodontal tissue around retainable teeth in Birjand, Northeast Iran. Methods. The knowledge, practice, and attitude of 91 dentists about periodontal tissue properties around retainable teeth were assessed by a validated researcher-made questionnaire. Results. The results showed that the mean score of dentists’ attitude, knowledge, and practice were 70.7, 88.2, and 77, respectively. The mean score of the attitude of male dentists was higher than females significantly (P = 0.014). Conclusion. It is highly recommended that continuing courses should be held to improve their knowledge.
Gingival recession and attachment loss: Cross-sectional and retrospective data of 10 years
Authors: Robo Ilma , Heta Saimir , Lasku Geriona , Ostreni Vera
Published: July 2021

Background. Gingival recession is a manifestation of the presence of periodontitis and the expression of its characteristics for a long time in the patient’s oral cavity. Loss of attachment and its association with gingival recession affect the prosthetic value of the tooth as they significantly change the center of axial rotation of the tooth. The present study aimed to determine the correlation between gingival recession and attachment loss. Methods. Data on gingival recession and loss of attachment were collected in two groups of patients. In the first group (n=34), cross-sectional data were collected; in the second group (n=64), previously collected data over 10 years were evaluated. Results. Gingival recession was the most prevalent in the age group of 20-30 age group in 56% of the patients. The same values held for the retrograde data. An attachment loss of 4-6 mm was reported in 26% of the patients in the 31-50 age group in the cross-sectional data group, and 7 mm of gingival recession was reported in 3% of the patients in the 31-50 age group. Conclusions. The high prevalence of periodontitis at a young age indicates a poor prognosis of this disease at older ages. Gingival recession associated with attachment loss for patients with chronic periodontitis has higher values at the 31-50 age group, where systemic conditions are gradually developing in the human body.
Delayed Diagnosis of Congenital Hypothyroidism in a 6-month-old Male Infant in Tamale, Ghana.
Authors: Abdul-Mumin Alhassan , Bimpong Kingsley A , Ameyaw Emmanuel
Published: July 2021

Congenital hypothyroidism is a common inborn endocrine disorder. Asymptomatic presentation in majority of cases mean that its diagnosis may be missed especially in settings where newborn screening is absent. We present a case of delayed diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism and emphasize on need for high level of suspicion to aid prompt diagnosis and treatment. Our case is a 3 year, 4 months old male, who was first seen at 5 months of age on account of poor growth. He passed meconium after day four of life, developed jaundice in first week of life, and slept a lot in neonatal period. He had coarse faces, protruding tongue, widened anterior fontanelle and herniation of umbilicus. He was started on oral levothyroxine 50 microgram daily. In resources limited settings where universal newborn screening is absent, healthcare workers should have a high level of suspicion in picking up the early signs of the condition.
A tumor-mimicking parasitic disease: Radiological Findings of Alveolar Echinococcosis
Authors: Türkoğlu Saim , Özgökçe Mesut
Published: July 2021

Background: Alveolar echinococcosis(AE) is a tumor-mimicking parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. We have aimed to present the radiological imaging findings of AE characterized by malignant features. Methods: The radiological findings of 20 patients were evaluated retrospectively; who were admitted to our hospital in the Van province in the years between 2014 and 2020 and who were diagnosed with AE. Of these patients, 30% had been operated due to a preliminary diagnosis of a tumor. The study was conducted retrospectively by examining the drawback radiological images of patients from the radiological data archiving system. The diagnosis of AE was confirmed when lesions manifested the following radiological imaging findings: irregular margins, no contrast uptake in dynamic contrast images or late peripheral enhancement, presence of calcifications, and contralateral lobe hypertrophy. Results: The mean age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 50.95 (12-86) years. Of the patients, 15 (75%) were women and 5 (25%) were men. Typical histopathological and radiological imaging findings were present in 8 (40%) and 17 (85%) patients, respectively. Only 12 (60%) out of 20 patients had seropositivity by ELISA. The remaining 8 (40%) patients were seronegative. Conclusion: Radiological imaging examinations are essential in the diagnosis and the evaluation of the extent of the disease. Different radiological technic can be used to differentiate AE from other diseases. Early diagnosis is important for avoiding unnecessary or inadequate operations due to a misdiagnosis and for preventing potential complications.
Evaluating the In Vitro Activity of Depsidones from Usnea subfloridana Stirton as Key Enzymes Involved in Inflammation and Gout
Authors: Nguyen Thanh-Trung , Nallapaty Srilakshmi , Rao G S N Koteswara , Koneru Sree Teja , Annam Satya Sowbhagya Priya , Tatipamula Vinay Bharadwaj
Published: July 2021

Background: Traditionally, Usnea genus has significant uses in the treatment of swelling and tumors in Africa and Asia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemical constituents present in the acetone extract (AE) of Usnea subfloridana Stirton and also to evaluate their anti-inflammatory and anti-gout effects. Methods: Isolation and characterization of secondary metabolites from AE were evaluated by chromatography and spectral studies. Anti-inflammatory activities were assessed through cyclooxygenase (COX1 and COX2) and 5-lipooxygenase (5-LOX) enzyme inhibition assays, while anti-gout effects were evaluated by xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition assay. Results: The existence of five known depsidones, identified as galbinic acid (1), conprotocetraricacid (2), constictic acid (3), salazinic acid (4), and lobaric acid (5), were exposed by chemical investigation of AE and confirmed by spectral data. Using in vitro enzyme inhibition assays, it was noticed that all the isolates showed dose-dependent activity against all the tested enzymes. Mainly, compounds 2 and 5 showed better inhibition efficiency on COX2 enzyme with the IC50of 7.17±1.07 and 7.01±0.94 nM, respectively, than the reference drug indomethacin (7.3±0.65nM). Furthermore, all isolates exhibited potent inhibition effects on the XO enzyme. Conclusion: The results indicated that U. subfloridana can be a favorable natural source for thetreatment of inflammation and gout. Compounds 2 and 5 were responsible for these biologicalactions by regulating pro-inflammatory enzymes, namely COXs, 5-LOX, and XO.
Antioxidant and Photoprotective Metabolites of Bunodophoron melanocarpum, A Lichen from the Andean Páramo
Authors: Valencia-Islas Norma Angélica , Arguello Juan J. , Rojas José L.
Published: July 2021

Background: Oxidative stress caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation has been associated with dermal problems, including skin cancer. In this study, we determined the photoprotective and antioxidant activity of isolated metabolites from the lichen Bunodophoron melanocarpum (Sphaerophoraceae) to find new sunscreens prototypes. Methods: The constituents of B. melanocarpum were isolated by phytochemical methods and their structures were determined by spectroscopy (IR, 1D and 2D NMR). Antioxidant activity was measured by scavenging DPPH free radicals (EC50), ferric reducing power (FRP), and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (% ILP). The photoprotective capacity against ultraviolet(UVA and UVB) radiations was determined in vitro by calculating their sun protection factor(SPF), critical wavelength and UVA ratio and these values were compared against commercial sunscreens. The lipophilicity and possible skin penetration to the lipid-rich stratum corneum of the isolates, was determined by calculating their octanol/water partition coefficients (Log P) and Gibbs free energy of transfer (ΔtG0 ). Results: Sphaerophorin (1), everninic acid (2), sphaerophorol carboxylic acid (3) and friedelin(4) were isolated from B. melanocarpum. Orsellinic acid-type compounds 1 and 3 are dual agents with antioxidant capacity as free radical scavengers (EC50= 0.0857 and 0.1828 mol compound /mol DPPH•, respectively) and photoprotective properties particularly against UVB radiation(SPF 25.78 ± 0.53 and 22.00 ± 1.03, respectively). In addition, they had lipophilicity (Log P 7.07 ±0.64 and 4.03 ± 0.32, respectively) and ΔtG0 (-40.32 ± 3.67 and -22.97 ± 1.82 kJmol-1, respectively)suitable to act on the skin. Conclusion: Sphaerophorin (1) and sphaerophorol carboxylic acid (3) are dual agents with antioxidant and UVB photoprotective properties and are also lipophilic substances that spontaneously would diffuse across the skin.