bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisión de fenómenos de orden en aleaciones hierro-silicio
Authors: González F. , Houbaert Y.
Published: October 2013

El acero al silicio es una aleación de importancia industrial, caracterizada por propiedades magnéticas blandas, bajas pérdidas por corrientes de Foucault y baja magnetostricción. Los aceros al silicio tienen ciclo de histéresis estrecho, lo que es una ventaja en aplicaciones con campos electromagnéticos, como transformadores, generadores, núcleos de motores eléctricos y otros componentes industriales. A pesar de su incomparable valor industrial, no hay convenio sobre la estructura atómica del acero al silicio. Obtener mayor conocimiento sobre los procesos de orden no sólo podría explicar las propiedades magnéticas sino que también podría abrir vías para la reducción de sus características más débiles, como su fragilidad, la cual afecta negativamente a la fabricación del acero al silicio y se asocia con altos costes de producción. Esta revisión resume los últimos conocimientos sobre orden en acero al silicio y describe las técnicas experimentales más importantes usadas para estudiar su estructura. Además, se da una explicación sobre la construcción de la parte rica en hierro del diagrama de fases del Fe-Si. Por último se ilustra la influencia del orden en las propiedades magnéticas y mecánicas.
Recubrimientos micro/nanoestructurados de aleaciones ligeras mediante proyección fría para la protección y reparación de componentes de elevado valor añadido: Estado del arte
Authors: Bedoya J. , Cinca N. , Guilemany J. M.
Published: October 2013

La técnica de Proyección Fría (Cold Gas Spray - CGS) ha atraído considerablemente la atención de los investigadores en la última década dadas sus ventajas respecto a otras técnicas convencionales de proyección térmica, como la obtención de recubrimientos de altísima densidad y sin degradación (ya sea oxidación o cambios de fase), además de su gran potencial a nivel económico y ambiental por ser un proceso más eficiente y respetuoso con el medio ambiente. Este estudio presenta una revisión bibliográfica respecto a la obtención de recubrimientos micro/nanoestructurados base aluminio mediante proyección fría sobre sustratos de aleaciones ligeras, el cual permitirá tener una visión global sobre la viabilidad de utilizar la proyección fría como técnica para la protección, recuperación y restauración de componentes de elevado valor añadido, especialmente aquéllos fabricados con aleaciones ligeras (base aluminio y magnesio) los cuales, por su baja densidad y propiedades mecánicas, son ampliamente utilizados en diferentes sectores de la industria como el transporte, la aeronáutica y generación de energía.
Evaluación del springback mediante ensayos de doblado bajo tensión en condiciones de multiaxialidad típicas de los procesos de embutición profunda. Aplicación a chapa de acero inoxidable AISI 304 DDQ
Authors: Miguel V. , Coello J. , Martínez A. , Calatayud A.
Published: October 2013

En este trabajo se presenta una metodología para evaluar la recuperación elástica o springback de chapa de acero inoxidable AISI 304 DDQ basada en la realización de ensayos bajo tensión. A diferencia de los estudios existentes en la literatura, los ensayos realizados son efectuados en condiciones multiaxiales típicas de los procesos de embutición de chapa. Esto afecta fundamentalmente a las tensiones involucradas en el proceso así como al estado de endurecimiento que experimenta el material. La evaluación del springback se ha efectuado en dos áreas diferentes. En la zona de doblado se ha evaluado a partir del factor de recuperación definido como la razón entre el radio de doblado y el radio con el que queda finalmente el material. La zona de doblado y desdoblado se ha evaluado en base a la inversa del radio de curvatura de la chapa en dicha zona y teniendo en cuenta una longitud de arco en función de la relación de deformación practicada en el material. Los resultados encontrados permiten establecer que dentro del rango de valores de ángulo y de radio de doblado experimentados, el springback es independiente de la relación de embutición o de deformación practicada en el material. El radio de doblado tiene poca influencia en el rango de radios ensayados, siendo el ángulo de doblado la variable más significativa. Los resultados obtenidos son contrastados con los medidos en copas embutidas, encontrando un alto grado de concordancia.
ARIS
Authors: Holden Christopher L. , Gagnon David J. , Litts Breanne K. , Smith Garrett
Published: October 2013

This chapter describes ARIS, an open source tool for creating educational games, narratives, and field research activities on mobile devices. The tool is the result of years of design-based research into educational gaming, design pedagogy, and place-based learning. It has been used in a variety of educational contexts from after-school game-design workshops to university-level language courses. Deeply committed to open and democratic education, the project invites involvement at all levels and continues to innovate as a community of users matures.
Towards a Small-Scale Model for Ubiquitous Learning
Authors: Barbosa Jorge Luis Victória , Barbosa Débora Nice Ferrari
Published: October 2013

The ever-increasing use of mobile devices allied to the widespread adoption of wireless network technology has greatly stimulated mobile and ubiquitous computing research. The adoption of mobile technology enables improvement to several application areas, such as education. New pedagogical opportunities can be created through the use of location systems and context-aware computing technology to track each learner's location and customize his/her learning process. In this chapter, the authors discuss a ubiquitous learning model called LOCAL (Location and Context Aware Learning). LOCAL was created to explore those aforementioned pedagogical opportunities, leveraging location technology and context management in order to support ubiquitous learning and facilitate collaboration among learners. This model was conceived for small-scale learning spaces, but can be extended in order to be applied to a large-scale environment. Initial results were obtained in a real scenario, attesting the viability of the approach.
Accessibility in U-Learning
Authors: Jacinto Kleber , Neto Francisco Milton Mendes , Leite Cicília Raquel Maia , Jacinto Kempes
Published: October 2013

Accessibility means free access to content and services, regardless of one’s physical and cognitive limitations, maximizing the user’s aspect of hardware and software platform independence. Providing this access is a technical issue more than an ethical issue because the characteristics and limiting standards of accessibility are widely known but little used by software engineers, developers, and content producers. Although there is a specific set of standards and legislation to address these difficulties, accessibility is still far from being a priority among developers and content producers. One of the challenges for ubiquitous teaching, in the present and near future, is building tools to support the creation of accessible learning objects, in compliance with current and future standards. This chapter concerns accessibility standards and points out technological ways to enable the creation of support tools in order to minimize accessibility flaws.
Designing User-Defined Modeling Languages with SIMTHESys
Authors: Iacono Mauro
Published: October 2013

The availability of modeling languages that best suit the needs of modelers from case to case can enhance the applicability and immediateness of a model-based approach in the design and evaluation of systems, and can meet the modelers’ expertise and customs. The goal of SIMTHESys is to enable the design and implementation of user-defined modeling languages (dubbed formalisms) and their native integration in multiformalism models, so that it is possible to develop language enhancements for existing formalisms, domain-oriented languages, extensions for existing languages, and abstraction tools to empower the modeling process. The key of this feature relies on the SIMTHESys metamodel and the description framework that is founded onto it. This chapter presents the foundation of SIMTHESys formalisms and demonstrates the possibilities it offers by examining a complete modeling example of a classical problem and a number of different formalisms, chosen to suggest how to exploit the framework.
Cloud-Based Service Delivery Architecture with Service-Populating and Mobility-Aware Mechanisms
Authors: Sardis Fragkiskos , Mapp Glenford , Loo Jonathan
Published: October 2013

Advances in Mobile and Cloud technologies have redefined the way we perceive and use computers. Mobile devices now rely on Cloud technology for storage and applications. Furthermore, recent advances in network technology ensure that mobile devices in the future will have high-bandwidth connectivity at all times. This drives the incentive of doing all the processing and storage in the Cloud and using mobile devices to access the services. In this chapter, the authors argue that always-on connectivity along with increased demand of Cloud services will contest the Internet backbone and create problems in the management of Cloud resources. Client mobility is also a factor that should be taken into account when providing Cloud services to mobile devices. The authors therefore propose a new service delivery architecture that takes into account client mobility as well as the distance between clients and services in order to manage Cloud and network resources more efficiently and provide a better Quality of Experience for the user.
A2Cloud
Authors: Silva João Nuno , Veiga Luís
Published: October 2013

This book chapter presents the integration of widely available technologies to bridge the gap between mobile devices and their computational rich surrounding environments. Taking as common glue Cloud Storage systems, new interaction between devices becomes more natural. The processing of files can be transparently executed on nearby computers, taking advantage of better hardware and saving mobile devices power. In this chapter, the authors present a novel resource evaluation mechanism, which allows a finer evaluation and more precise comparison of remote resources, leading to fewer wasted resources and better use of those resources. The use of remote resources can be performed by means of processing offloading, executing complete application on remote devices or by relocation of mobile classes. Both methods resort to the presented resource evaluation mechanism. Monolithic applications are transformed (with information from a configuration file) into distributed application, where some components execute on remote devices: nearby computers (to take advantage of existing human-computer interaction devices) or on the cloud (to speed processing). Processing offloading is accomplished by executing on nearby computers applications compatible with the one on the mobile device. This speeds that processing task (better CPU, better interaction devices), reducing the mobile device’s power consumption.
Soft Computing in the Quality of Services Evaluation
Authors: Lamata María T. , Vega Daymi Morales
Published: October 2013

The evaluation of the Quality of Services (QoS) has been a topic of particular interest to many authors. In the literature, many works have been developed where different models are proposed to assess the QoS in different environments. These models evaluate the QoS from a set of criteria, which may vary from one environment to another, and thus they do not always have the same importance. Considering this, there have been many studies proposing techniques to evaluate the performance of the quality criteria. Techniques have also been developed to obtain the ranking of a given service provider. The purpose of this chapter is to make a literature review of service quality models, methods for determining the weights of the criteria, and the methods used to conduct an overall assessment of service providers.
On Predicting the Future Locations of Moving Objects
Authors: Corona Nicola , Giannotti Fosca , Monreale Anna , Trasarti Roberto
Published: October 2013

The pervasiveness of mobile devices and location-based services produces as side effects an increasing volume of mobility data, which in turn creates the opportunity for a novel generation of analysis methods of movement behaviors. In this chapter, the authors focus on the problem of predicting future locations aimed at predicting with a certain accuracy the next location of a moving object. In particular, they provide a classification of the proposals in the literature addressing that problem. Then the authors preset the data mining method WhereNext and finally discuss possible improvements of that method.
Traffic Safety Implications of Travel Demand Management Policies
Authors: Pirdavani Ali , Bellemans Tom , Brijs Tom , Kochan Bruno , Wets Geert
Published: October 2013

Travel Demand Management (TDM) consists of a variety of policy measures that affect the transportation system’s effectiveness by changing travel behavior. Although the primary objective to implement such TDM strategies is not to improve traffic safety, their impact on traffic safety should not be neglected. The main purpose of this study is to investigate differences in the traffic safety consequences of two TDM scenarios: a fuel-cost increase scenario (i.e. increasing the fuel price by 20%) and a teleworking scenario (i.e. 5% of the working population engages in teleworking). Since TDM strategies are usually conducted at a geographically aggregated level, crash prediction models that are used to evaluate such strategies should also be developed at an aggregate level. Moreover, given that crash occurrences are often spatially heterogeneous and are affected by many spatial variables, the existence of spatial correlation in the data is also examined. The results indicate the necessity of accounting for the spatial correlation when developing crash prediction models. Therefore, Zonal Crash Prediction Models (ZCPMs) within the geographically weighted generalized linear modeling framework are developed to incorporate the spatial variations in association between the Number Of Crashes (NOCs) (including fatal, severe, and slight injury crashes recorded between 2004 and 2007) and a set of explanatory variables. Different exposure, network, and socio-demographic variables of 2200 traffic analysis zones in Flanders, Belgium, are considered as predictors of crashes. An activity-based transportation model is adopted to produce exposure metrics. This enables a more detailed and reliable assessment while TDM strategies are inherently modeled in the activity-based models. In this chapter, several ZCPMs with different severity levels and crash types are developed to predict the NOCs. The results show considerable traffic safety benefits of conducting both TDM scenarios at an average level. However, there are certain differences when considering changes in NOCs by different crash types.
Activity-Based Travel Demand Forecasting Using Micro-Simulation
Authors: Bao Qiong , Kochan Bruno , Bellemans Tom , Janssens Davy , Wets Geert
Published: October 2013

Activity-based models of travel demand employ in most cases a micro-simulation approach, thereby inevitably including a stochastic error that is caused by the statistical distributions of random components. As a result, running a transport micro-simulation model several times with the same input will generate different outputs. In order to take the variation of outputs in each model run into account, a common approach is to run the model multiple times and to use the average value of the results. The question then becomes: What is the minimum number of model runs required to reach a stable result? In this chapter, systematic experiments are carried out by using the FEATHERS, an activity-based micro-simulation modeling framework currently implemented for Flanders (Belgium). Six levels of geographic detail are taken into account, which are building block level, subzone level, zone level, superzone level, province level, and the whole Flanders. Three travel indices (i.e., the average daily number of activities per person, the average daily number of trips per person, and the average daily distance travelled per person), as well as their corresponding segmentations with respect to socio-demographic variables, transport mode alternatives, and activity types are calculated by running the model 100 times. The results show that application of the FEATHERS at a highly aggregated level only requires limited model runs. However, when a more disaggregated level is considered (the degree of the aggregation here not only refers to the size of the geographical scale, but also to the detailed extent of the index), a larger number of model runs is needed to ensure confidence of a certain percentile of zones at this level to be stable. The values listed in this chapter can be consulted as a reference for those who plan to use the FEATHERS framework, while for the other activity-based models the methodology proposed in this chapter can be repeated.
Electric Vehicles in the Smart Grid
Authors: De Ridder Fjo , D’hulst Reinhilde , Knapen Luk , Janssens Davy
Published: October 2013

This chapter presents a coordination algorithm for charging electric vehicles that can be used for avoiding capacity problems in the power distribution grid and for decreasing imbalance costs for retailers. Since it is expected that the fraction of electric vehicles will exceed 50% in the next decades, charging these vehicles will roughly double the domestic power consumption. Not all parts of the grid are expected to be able to provide the required power. Good estimates of the vehicles’ use (routes driven, trip duration and length, when and where cars are parked) is crucial information to test the grid. The authors have chosen to use FEATHERS, an agent-based behavioral model, to provide this information. In a first case study, charging is coordinated to prevent grid capacity problems. In a second case study, charging and discharging of electric vehicles is employed by retailers to lower imbalance costs and by vehicle owners to lower charging costs. The coordination scheme can halve the imbalance cost if only charging is considered. If, on the other hand, electric vehicles can both charge and discharge, imbalance costs can completely be avoided and some revenues can be generated. The proposed coordination algorithm is a distributed algorithm, where all sensitive information that is privately owned, such as parking times, trip information, battery management, etc. is only used by the EVs. The functioning of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by simulations. It is shown that the charging can be rescheduled so that grid capacity violations are avoided. The novelty of this work is that both spatial and temporal information is used.
Emerging Cybercrime Trends
Authors: Zadig Sean M. , Tejay Gurvirender
Published: October 2013

The issue of cybercrime has received much attention of late, as individual and organizational losses from online crimes frequently reach into the hundreds of thousands or even millions of dollars per incident. Computer criminals have begun deploying advanced, distributed techniques, which are increasingly effective and devastating. This chapter describes a number of these techniques and details one particularly prevalent trend: the employment of large networks of compromised computers, or botnets, to conduct a wide variety of online crimes. A typology of botnets is provided, and the supporting infrastructure of botnets and other online crime, including bulletproof hosting providers and money mule networks, are described. The chapter also relates a number of the practical, legal, and ethical challenges experienced by practitioners, law enforcement, and researchers who must deal with these emergent threats.
An Overview of Child Abuses in 3D Social Networks and Online Video Games
Authors: Garcia-Ruiz Miguel A. , Martin Miguel Vargas , Olsson Patrik
Published: October 2013

It appears that child pornography distribution and child abuses on the Internet have permeated to massively multiplayer online role-playing video games (MMORPG) and 3D social networks, such as Second Life (SL), a compelling online virtual world where millions of users have registered. Although SL is intended for general entertainment in its adult (over 18) version, cases of simulated pedophilia have been reported inside SL’s virtual world, generated by some of its users, employing SL communication capabilities to trade and show child pornography images to exchange related text messages. This chapter provides a literature review on child pornography in MMORPGs and other 3D social networks including SL, as well as policy and network approaches for overcoming child abuse. A review on ethical and legal issues of dealing with child pornography and other types of child abuse in 3D social networks and MMORPGs is also addressed in this chapter.
Al-Qaeda on Web 2.0
Authors: Gerdes Anne
Published: October 2013

This chapter investigates al-Qaeda’s use of Web 2.0 as a tool for radicalization and recruitment. The media network of al-Qaeda is described in order to demonstrate the impact of their well structured media strategy for harnessing the power of the Web. They use a strategy that makes them stand out from other extremist groups, who in most cases lack an overall approach towards branding and Web communication. It is shown why this strategy works and enables al-Qaeda to set the agenda for online global jihadism and cultivate virtual communities of engaged jihobbyists. Finally, a virtue ethical perspective demonstrates the shortcomings of the al-Qaeda Web 2.0 strategies, by which it is suggested that their Achilles’ heel is exactly the ideas inherent to Web 2.0, which are reflected in a bottom up participatory perspective. Thus, the Al-Qaeda online social movement does allow for engaged user participation, but without providing opportunities for free spirited critical reflection and self articulation of goals.
Eccentricity Measurement of Auto-Hub's Pitch Circle
Authors: Guo Shu Xia , Feng Bin , Zhang Liang , Zhang Wei , Wang Lei
Published: October 2013

In order to measure the eccentricity of auto-hubs center hole and bolt holes, a machine vision system is proposed in this article. Instead of normally used telecentric lens, a perspective lens is used in the vision system because of the large field of view. The eccentricity is calculated by sub-pixel edge extracting and circle-fitting algorithm. A correction method is put forward to compensate the systematic error resulting from the different perspective distortions of the center hole and the bolt holes because of the height difference between the center hole and the bolt holes, as well as the offset between the hubs center shaft and the optical axis of the imaging system. The maximum variation and the standard variation are calculated to analyze the measurement uncertainty. Experiments had shown that the maximum variation and the standard deviation of the corrected measured eccentricity were reduced to 1/6 and 1/8 of those without correction.
Selecting of the Temperature Measurement Points for Positioning Platform with Large Trip and High Precision Thermally Induced Error Compensation Model
Authors: Liu Ji Zhu , Yang Wei Wei , Wang Yang Jun , Chen Tao , Pan Ming Qiang , Chen Li Guo
Published: October 2013

In the technology of thermal error compensation in positioning platform with large trip and high precision, selecting the temperature measurement points rationally is particular important for successfully establishing the model of compensation. The method uses simulation to track platform heat distribution and thermal deformation under various thermal conditions. Temperature variables are grouped by different surfaces of the platform. Then a degree of grey incidence from grey system theory is introduced to identify the key temperature measurement points of each surface. Through the experiment data of thermal stress coupling analysis on the platform, the degree of correlation between all temperature measurement points and thermal displacement can be solved. The key temperature measurement points are confirmed by the largest value of the degree of correlation of each surface.
CH4/Air Mesocombustor at 3 Bar: Numerical Simulation and Experiments
Authors: Minotti A. , Cozzi F. , Capelli F.
Published: October 2013

Improvements in understanding how to design future mesocombustors, currently under rapid development in particular for propulsion, e.g., for UAVs, and as meso-electrical power generators, are mandatory. In view of this scenario and, to advances previous analysis carried out at ambient pressure by the authors, the numerical and experimental investigation of a 254 mm3swirling cylindrical mesocombustor, fed by methane/air at an equivalence ratio =0.7 and at 3 bar, has been performed. The combustion pressure has been chosen based on the values quoted in literature for centimeter sized gas turbine.Exhaust gas temperature and composition have been measured for several mass flow rates. A reduction in chemical efficiency is observed by increasing the input thermal power (i.e. the total mass flow rate) at fixed equivalence ratio due to the shorter gas residence time.The operative condition corresponding to high efficiency and smaller mass flow rate has been numerically investigated adopting the RANS k-ε approach, with finite rate chemistry kinetic mechanism (GRIMech 1.2, 32 species and 177 reactions) and the EDC turbulence-combustion coupling model.Gas temperature at the exhaust section and chemicalefficiency are predicted and compared with the corresponding experiment.Numerical and experimental results show to be in fair agreement, and the predicted chemical efficiency differs from the measured value of about 1 %. Despite the small size of the meso-combustor, it is possible to achieve a relatively high combustion efficiency, making it suitable for miniaturized power generation devices.The relatively high chemical efficiency is due to the relatively long average gas residence time and to a wide recirculation zone that provide heat and radicals to the flame, coupled with the fairly good mixing due to swirl motion and the impinging air/fuel jets.
A New Type of Muddy Sediment Undisturbed Gravity Sampler in Shallow Waters
Authors: Kong Qing Peng , Zhou Qiao Di , Sheng Qing Hua
Published: October 2013

Muddy sediment records environmental change information water experienced. Due to the sampling disturbance, parameters provided by sediment analysis can't truly reflect the true nature of in situ sediment and water environmental information. This paper introduces a kind of muddy sediment undisturbed gravity sampler used in shallow waters, through a unique rubber sealing membrane deformation method. The sampler proved to be an effective tool of muddy sediment undisturbed sample in shallow waters, with characteristics of light weight, easy to carry, and convenient operation.
Design and Application of Single Chip Microcomputer in SCR Light Regulation Circuit
Authors: Liu Bing , Wu Tao
Published: October 2013

The aim of this article is to achieve the application of single chip microcomputer in SCR light regulation circuit. Its control part is simplified by analyzing the principle of SCR light regulation circuit. According to control function, the design scheme that let the single chip microcomputer bring about a good control function in SCR light regulation circuit is proposed. The experiment results demonstrate this design is practicable. The light regulation function could be realized by the single chip microcomputer.
Path Planning for Mobile Robot Based on Autoregressive Model
Authors: Huai Chuang Feng , Jia Xue Yan
Published: October 2013

Proposed an uncertain environment path planning method for mobile robot in the presence of moving obstacles. Combining the global planning with the local planning, this dissertation presents a new approach to on-line real-time path planning with respect to the dynamic uncertain environment. With current sampling position, the autoregressive model predicts motion trajectories of moving obstacles. And the predicted positions are treated as instantaneously static. So moving obstacles in the predicted positions can be considered as static in the path planning process. Simulation examples demonstrated the effectiveness, feasibility, real-time capability, high stability and perfect performance of obstacle avoidance.
A Study of Ecological Products by Life Cycle Assessment in Thai Furniture Industry
Authors: Laemlaksakul Vanchai , Sangsai Naratip
Published: October 2013

The objective of this research was to determine the global warming potential (GWP) of office furniture in Thailand. The life cycle of product was carried out from a gate-to-gate perspective according to life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, using global warming potential as the selected impact category. According to the results, the environmental impact of global warming is the seat backrest; seat frame and seat recline, respectively. To improve the production of seat frame, the piece that the environmental impacts of global warming as much as possible can help reduce the impact on the environment caused by the release of toxins into the air decreases..
Life Cycle Assessment: A Comparison of Ceramic Brick Inventories to Subsidize the Development of Databases in Brazil
Authors: Haddad Assed Naked , de Moraes Sedrez Michele , de Macedo Pires Condeixa Karina , Evangelista Ana Catarina Jorge , Boer Dieter Thomas
Published: October 2013

Brazilians construction industry is facing a growth panorama. Given this, discussions on environmental suitability of the sector become relevant, since it is recognized as the most important sector for achieving more sustainable patterns of development. The life cycle assessment (LCA) has been considered one of the most appropriate methodologies for the analysis of interactions between products and services of construction industry and the environment and it has been used with numerous goals and different methodological referrals. In Brazil the main limitation related to the use of LCA is the lack of databases for the specific regional reality, which is related with life cycle inventories, part of LCA process. This article aims to compare different LCA studies that addressed the life cycle of ceramic bricks, an intensive used component in Brazilians buildings. The focus defined is the LCI of production phase, identifying possible differences in modeling processes and in inputs and outputs. The results pointed out to homogeneity in process description and to a lack of correspondence of inputs and outputs with functional units adopted.
Probabilistic Design for Concrete Durability in Marine Environment
Authors: Shu Qing Lian , Yang Lu Ling , Gao Rui , Yang Ling Qiang
Published: October 2013

A probabilistic method to durability is proposed for the design of reinforced cover of a concrete immersed in marine environment. It uses a non-linear chloride diffusion model for a saturated medium. Parameter variability is estimated and used by the probabilistic method to assess the probability of reaching a critical chloride concentration near the reinforcement for a given service life. Based on the concrete formulation and the cement chemical composition, the model parameters are evaluated with their associated random distribution.
The Clarification of Discarded Factors Helping Promote Product Sustainability
Authors: Chu Dong Xiao
Published: October 2013

The clarification of discarded factors of products is of great importance to realize product sustainability and has been discussed from several points of view. In this paper, a pilot survey was conducted to clarify the discarded factors of products. There are totally 77 sample products listed by the participants who are Japanese and aged from 20s to 70s. According to the analysis results, nine fundamental discarded factors are extracted, that is, (1) product-related factors: appearance and design, capacity and size, which belong to hard aspect of product attributes, and function increment, performance degradation, standards change, which are soft aspect; (2) human-centered factors: change of lifestyle (objective needs change), change of preferences (subjective needs change); and (3) environment-related factors: change of market, use environment.
Effects of Direct Non-Thermal Plasma on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Emissions in Diesel Engine
Authors: Dong Miao , Cai Yi Xi , Li Xiao Hua , Jiang Fei , Han Wen He
Published: October 2013

Non-thermal plasma (NTP) technology has a good application prospect in diesel after-treatment field, but few studies on the effects of NTP on PAHs emissions had been carried out. In this paper, the concentrations of PAHs at different loads before and after the treatment of DNTP were studied, combined the GC/MS analysis with external standard method. The results indicate that total concentrations of PAHs were 149.46, 102.44, 107.34 and139.69μg/m-3 at 25% , 50%, 75%, 100% load, 2000r/min respectively before the treatment of DNTP and reduced to 88.96, 77.31, 88.51 and 138.22μg/m-3 after the treatment of DNTP, with the largest decline up to 40.48%. The main components of PAHs were naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene, etc. Before the treatment of DNTP, the concentrations of PAHs decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of load. The average concentrations of PAHs with different rings after the treatment of DNTP were decreased by 21.2%, 22.4%, 20.5% and 6.9%.
Analysis of Effect of Welding on Pretension of Bolt of Bolted-Welded Joints
Authors: Jiao Shi , Yu Bai , Yang Jian Rong
Published: October 2013

In order to study the influence of welding stresses on the bolt of bolted-welded joints, the two cases of veneer connections and double-plate connections are considered and three sizes of six friction type bolted-welded connections joints model are established. The paper uses the finite element method to simulation welding heating and cooling of bolted-welded connections impact on the bolt pretension and analyze node capacity to be affected to provide a theoretical basis for the optimal design of the node.
Energy-Absorbing Characteristics of the Stiffened Thin-Walled Tubes Subjected to Axial Crushing
Authors: Dai Wei Liang , Li Xu Guang , Wang Qing Chun
Published: October 2013

Energy absorbing characteristics of the non-stiffened and stiffened single hat sections subjected to quasi-static axial crushing were experimentally investigated. First non-stiffened hat sections were axially crushed, then structures with different stiffened methods (stiffened in hat and stiffened in the plate) were tested, finally energy absorption capacities of these structures were compared. Test results showed that, for the appropriate designed stiffened tube, the mean crush force and mass specific energy absorption were increased significantly compared to the non-stiffened. Stiffened in hat section showed a little more energy absorption capacity than that stiffened in the plate, but the structure may sustain a global bending.
The Stability and the Computed Speed of Application Boundary Element Method to Compute the Electric Potential of One Hundred and Fifty-Needle Electrodes
Authors: Wang An Ling , Liu Fu Ping
Published: October 2013

According to the electric potential of one hundred and fifty-needle electrodes (OONE), the discrete equations based on the indetermination linear current density were established by the boundary element integral equations (BEIE) The non-uniform distribution of the current flowing from one hundred and fifty-needle electrodes was imaged by solving a set of linear equations. Then, the electric potential generated by OONE at any point can be determined through the boundary element method (BEM). The time of program running and stability of computing method are examined by an example. It demonstrates that the algorithm possesses a quick speed and the steady computed results. It means that this method has an important referenced significance for computing the potential generated by OONE, which is a fast, effective and accurate computing method.
Numerical Simulation of Gas-Liquid Flow in Hydrocyclone
Authors: Zhang Bo
Published: October 2013

Hydrocyclone is one of wildly used water treatment equipments in industry field, which separates solid particles from waste water through centrifugal force. Numerical researches about particles separating in hydrocyclone are abundant and mature, but ones about gas-liquid tow phase flow are rare. In this paper, gas-liquid flow in hydrocyclone was simulated with VOF model, which successfully solved a problem about sediment clearance of hydrocyclone in one steel plant. This research saved huge reconstruction investment for the plant, and reduced construction period which abated influence on production progress.
Ultrasonic Attenuation of Gas-Solid Flow Pneumatic Conveying Fly Ash
Authors: Duan Guang Bin , Pan Hong Li , Wang Yong , Liu Zong Ming
Published: October 2013

In order to set solid particle phase distributed uniformly in the whole detection space， the McClements model and Bouguer -Lambert -Beer law model were applied to formulate the ultrasonic attenuation properties of gas-solid flow for pneumatic conveying fly ash. The theoretical relation between the ultrasonic attenuation coefficients and the flow parameters of gas/ solids two-phase flow was established. By numerical simulations, the alteration laws of the ultrasonic attenuation coefficients with particle volume fraction， ultrasonic frequency and particle size were analyzed. The results show that the higher the ultrasonic frequency was, the greater the attenuation coefficients were. The ultrasonic attenuation coefficients linearly increased with the increasing of the solid particles volume fraction. If some fixed frequency was chosen， the slopes of attenuation -volume fractions curves can be confirmed by just testing ultrasonic attenuation coefficients under two volume fractions. So that testing of particle volume fraction corresponding to arbitrarily ultrasonic attenuation coefficients can be achieved. If the fly ash particle sizes were in the domain of 10 -200 μm with the same volume fraction， the ultrasonic attenuation coefficients monotonically decreased with the increasing of the particle size. But if the fly ash particle size was higher than 200 μm， the ultrasonic attenuation coefficients were no longer sensitive to the solids particle size.
Experimental Study on MPS-HP-II Medium Speed Mills Applied on Unite Using High-Moisture Contained Coal
Authors: Sun Ke , Jin Shi Qi , Qin Da Chuan
Published: October 2013

As a new type miller imported from Germany Company Babcock, MPS-HP-II becoming more and more popular because of its outstanding performance in grinding high moisture contained coal. But in daily operation in power plants, the operators encounter with many problems, such as a lack of output, and difficulties in finding proper operation point. In this paper, a we put up with a proper way to calculate the max output of MPS-HP-IImiller, which is demonstrated by experiment. Also we find the optimized working point of MPS-HP-IImiller by analysing the experiment result got by changing the primary air flow rate, separator angel, output and load force.
Simulation and HIL Test for Proportional Relay Valve of Commercial Vehicle Pneumatic EBS
Authors: Han Jong Chol , Zhao Wei Qiang , Zong Chang Fu , Zheng Hong Yu
Published: October 2013

A simulation tool for proportional relay valve of commercial vehicle pneumatic EBS (Electronically controlled Braking System) has been developed using MATLAB/Simulink environment and validated by testing on hardware-in-the-loop test bench focused on its pressure hysteresis characteristic. The simulation and test results show that the simulation model for proportional relay valve characteristics is reasonable and reliable, and it can be used for hardware and control algorithm development of pneumatic EBS for commercial vehicles.
A Novel Integrated Method of Motor Discrete Variable Frequency Starting and Harmonic Filtering
Authors: Chen Jing , Wang Qing , Yuan You Xin , Song Xing Yu
Published: October 2013

The started motors with the discrete frequency converter are characterized by high staring torque and a large number of harmonics when the motors draw heavy-loads. It may pull down the voltage of the power supply network; it will severely influence the other electrical devices in the same power network. Furthermore, it increases the motor temperature, which may lead to motor damage. Therefore, a novel integrated method of motor discrete variable frequency starting and harmonic filtering is presented in this paper, to achieve quick and smooth motor starting, to produce high staring torque, to keep the harmonics in permitted ranges. The following works have been done in the study: analyze the principle, design the structure of the integrated device, and present the implementation steps. The motor starter developed with this method has been successfully applied to the loads of the drive equipments in the kiln, coal grinding mill or the mine. It can improve the starting performance when the motors draw the heavy-loads, save energy, stabilize the voltage of the power supply network.
Analysis of Influence of the Roller Number and Rolling Schedule to Straighten Quality of the Project Steel Bar
Authors: Zheng Xi Jian , Ma Lei , Zhu Yu Fei
Published: October 2013

Roll number and rolling schedule are the important parameters affecting the quality of steel bar straightening，when domestic manufacturer design the straightening equipment, these two parameters design basic is by analogy, so it is necessary to study these two parameters. This paper calculated the straightening roller to obtain reasonable roll number; next step quantitative calculate to obtains the theory rolling schedule, in the meantime actual measurement to obtains the practical rolling schedule of the same equipment；then based on rigid-flexible virtual prototype technology to build straightening system dynamics model. At the theory rolling schedule, and the practical rolling schedule for steel bar straighten emulation, obtained straightness and deviation of different diameter steel bar after straightening. By comparison and analysis the simulation results, we obtain the reasonable roll number and rolling schedule. In this paper, this method have reference value to design the roll number and rolling schedule for similar straightening equipment.
Post-Buckling Behavior of Z-Shaped Columns under Variables of Lengths and Initial Imperfections
Authors: Zhang Ji Nao
Published: October 2013

This paper conducts three-dimensional, nonlinear finite element analysis to investigate the results of using different solution methods and the influence of initial imperfections and material plasticity on failure modes and maximum load of various Z-shaped column lengths; it also compares the column buckling responses between various lengths, each with different initial imperfections. Further analyses include investigating the element suitability and computational costs. Results showed that both displacement control method and Riks method are fully capable of receiving promising results from this analysis. In terms of the effects of initial imperfection and material plasticity on the maximum load that column could carry, the imperfection is the major contributing factor when the column is long whereas the plasticity is the major contributing factor when the column is short.
Control Strategy for Voltage Source Converter-Based HVDC System under Unbalanced Voltage Conditions
Authors: Zhang Ming Guang , Wang Diao Bing , Zhang Zhong Kuan
Published: October 2013

The mathematical model of voltage source converter-based flexible DC transmission system (VSC-HVDC) and traditional fault control strategy are comprehensively analyzed. The proportional resonant controller in the traditional dual vector current controller is proposed to simplify the structure of traditional inner current controller. The proposed method improves the response speed and control accuracy of the control system. According to the output voltage distortion caused by the DC voltage ripple, the PWM with amplitude-adjustable carrier is adopted, and according to the DC side voltage rise the power setting value is adjusted. Finally, the control strategy is verified by the electromagnetic transient simulation software PSCAD/EMTDC, the simulation results show it can effectively restrain the fault overvoltage, improve the operation ability of the system.
Study on the Self-Powered Electromagnetic Sensor
Authors: Zhang Rui Lan , Jin Wen He , Zhou Jun , Li Shu Guang
Published: October 2013

For the situation that external power supply can not be used in some special occasions , the internal factors of them should be adopted to achieve the self-powered. Inspired by the phenomenon that some passive electromagnetic induction sensors produce electronic pulses signal, the design proposes an electronic devices that can obtain power without external power supplies. Meanwhile, the technology adopts super capacitor as the energy carrier to power the wireless modules. The feasibility of the study was verified by the design and simulation of the experiment, as well as the theoretical analysis. Through verification we can get a conclusion that this design can perfectly meet the normal operation of the wireless module and has a good feasibility.
Smart LED Lawn Lamp Control System
Authors: Wang Shinnfwu , Ma Hao , Chu Yi , Liao Yu Pin , Lay Shyhrong , Kao Fuhsi , Liu An Li
Published: October 2013

In this paper, a smart LED lawn lamp control system is proposed. The system consisting of LED lawn lamps, PWM control circuits and ZigBee module is used to control the light dimming and energy management. Thus, the goals of environmental protection and energy-saving features can be achieved. In addition, the automatic warning mechanism in the street light is included in the system for the sake of traffic safety. The control center will receive the message immediately only if some sudden events. At this moment, the system will notice the maintenance man or related organization. However, the system has several advantages such as real-time monitoring, energy saving, easy maintenance and management, etc.
Intelligent Control of Sintering Mixture Moisture Based on RBF Model of Permeability
Authors: Li Guo , Zhang Guang Ming , Ling Xiang
Published: October 2013

The process of lead-zinc sintering presents nonlinear, time-varying and strong coupling characteristics. Sintering mixture granulation water is an important part of lead-zinc smelting.By analysis mechanism and the relativity of technology parameters, the RBF neural network model of permeability is developed. Combining with the synthesize estimation model of permeability, an intelligent control method of sintering mixture moisture based on permeability is established. The model then further optimized through intelligent search algorithm. Thereby controlling the granulation mixture moisture to improve permeability.Simulation results show the proposed model could achieve better results. It could improve the quality and yield of sintering production.
Research and Implementation of OEM-Software for Pilger-Roller Processing
Authors: Yang Jian Zhong , Li Tao , Song Qing , Chen Dong , Chen Ji Hong
Published: October 2013

The processing of complicated surface is always a tough job in multi-axis machining. Pilger-roller is a kind of tool molds with complicated surface. To process the complicated grooved-surface of Pilger-roller, an algorithm, which included grooved-surface modeling, tool-path planning and cutter location (CL) computation, is proposed and implemented. The tool-path generated by this algorithm is smooth and has no interference. In order to meet the demand of Pilger-roller processing in efficiency and automation, automatically-processing software is developed based on Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). Compared with the conventional methods, this software makes the online programming visualized and efficient. This software has been applied to actual production and could meet the commercial requirement.