bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estrogens as a Possible Therapeutic Strategy for the Management of
Neuroinflammation and Neuroprotection in COVID-19
Authors: Bandala Cindy , Cárdenas-Rodríguez Noemí , Reyes-Long Samuel , Cortés-Algara Alfredo , Contreras-García Itzel Jatziri , Cruz-Hernández Teresita Rocío , Alfaro-Rodriguez Alfonso , Cortes-Altamirano José Luis , Perez-Santos Martín , Anaya-Ruiz Maricruz , Lara-Padilla Eleazar
Published: June 2023

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects several tissues, including the central and
peripheral nervous system. It has also been related to signs and symptoms that suggest neuroinflammation
with possible effects in the short, medium, and long term. Estrogens could have a positive impact
on the management of the disease, not only due to its already known immunomodulator effect,
but also activating other pathways that may be important in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, such
as the regulation of the virus receptor and its metabolites. In addition, they can have a positive effect
on neuroinflammation secondary to pathologies other than COVID-19. The aim of this study is to analyze
the molecular mechanisms that link estrogens with their possible therapeutic effect for neuroinflammation
related to COVID-19. Advanced searches were performed in scientific databases as Pub-
Med, ProQuest, EBSCO, the Science Citation index, and clinical trials. Estrogens have been shown to
participate in the immune modulation of the response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
2 (SARS-CoV-2). In addition to this mechanism, we propose that estrogens can regulate the expression
and activity of the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), reestablishing its cytoprotective
function, which may be limited by its interaction with SARS-CoV-2. In this proposal, estrogens
and estrogenic compounds could increase the synthesis of Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) that acts
through the Mas receptor (MasR) in cells that are being attacked by the virus. Estrogens can be a
promising, accessible, and low-cost treatment for neuroprotection and neuroinflammation in patients
with COVID-19, due to its direct immunomodulatory capacity in decreasing cytokine storm and increasing
cytoprotective capacity of the axis ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR.
Prevention of Parkinson’s Disease: From Risk Factors to Early
Interventions
Authors: Ng Ming Guan , Chan Brendan Jun Lam , Koh Rhun Yian , Ng Khuen Yen , Chye Soi Moi
Published: June 2023

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurological disorder characterized by progressively
worsening motor dysfunction. Currently, available therapies merely alleviate symptoms, and
there are no cures. Consequently, some researchers have now shifted their attention to identifying the
modifiable risk factors of PD, with the intention of possibly implementing early interventions to prevent
the development of PD. Four primary risk factors for PD are discussed including environmental
factors (pesticides and heavy metals), lifestyle (physical activity and dietary intake), drug abuse, and
individual comorbidities. Additionally, clinical biomarkers, neuroimaging, biochemical biomarkers,
and genetic biomarkers could also help to detect prodromal PD. This review compiled available evidence
that illustrates the relationship between modifiable risk factors, biomarkers, and PD. In summary,
we raise the distinct possibility of preventing PD via early interventions of the modifiable risk
factors and early diagnosis.
As perspetivas sobre os caminhos do (in)sucesso escolar
Authors: Oliveira Sílvia Alexandra , Pinto Diogo Miguel da Silva , Pina Helena
Published: June 2023

Education in the 21st century faces numerous challenges, one of which is School Failure. It seems like a simple concept, but there are actually several definitions. The (In)Success of students is evaluated, mainly, in a quantitative way. However, is it fair to analyze students' abilities through tests/examinations, which may even “have gone wrong at that moment”, due to circumstances beyond cognitive aspects? School Failure is, in fact, a challenge for which they will hardly find solutions applicable to all schools, as these guidelines do not contemplate the diversity of learning styles, the different motivations, socioeconomic and cultural characteristics of students, or even the emotions of students. At this juncture, the scientific community, educational institutions and their educational agents, as well as the political system, are also added. These are, in fact, the agents who discuss and promote the resolution of this problem. In the 21st century, given the multiplicity of available resources, namely technological ones, the School Failure Rate, although declining, remains high. In fact, the School Failure Rate in Portugal has been falling since the 80s of the last century, but it remains excessive, which is why it is important that the problem is well analyzed. For example, we have too much failure when we compare the Portuguese situation with that in the Nordic countries. This situation led us to reflect on the factors that condition (In) School Success and the intervening agents, questioning whether a possible weak scientific and pedagogical preparation of the teachers will be prevalent, or, on the contrary, if the socioeconomic and cultural status of the students stands out. On the other hand, will the interference associated with the profile of students and their parents predominate? It is therefore necessary to evaluate the responsibility of School Failure by addressing the different interveners, since, unquestionably, there is a disconnect between all agents involved in the teaching-learning process. To try to address these issues, we opted for a work methodology that was based on the application of a questionnaire survey in order to understand the different variables that are at the base of school failure, continued by a second survey through which we questioned students about their Life Project, but connecting these school results with those obtained throughout the school year in question
A geografia de Milton Santos: notas sobre a atualidade de seu pensamento em tempos pandêmicos
Authors: Horta Ariane Melchior Nunes da , Chalo Guilherme
Published: June 2023

Milton Santos played a central role in the critical renewal that science has undergone over the past fifty years. He produced works that are references for the construction of a method and another reason for being geographical thought. We can delimit two poles in his work that intertwine throughout his production, but that somehow help us to think his entire theoretical body. On the one hand we have a work on urbanization and urban economy and on the other, a more ensaistic work, which forces the frontier of geographical thought to other places and proposes a method, a metageography that culminates in his work "The nature of space" (1996) and that continues to unfold until his reflection on globalization. These two moments are closely connected, since the author's thematic research animates theoretical reflections, while he reviews social processes in the light of his theory. The geographer's epistemological texts capture a moment of profound transformation of society, after the crisis of capitalism of the 1970s and accompany what has been called "globalization". That is, a moment of profound productive and political restructuring around the globe: where neoliberal reason becomes unique thought, the third industrial revolution alters production chains, precariousness spreads and the metropolis become the face of capitalism, as Henri Lefebvre anticipated with the concept of urban society (1970). Milton Santos calls this moment the Informational Scientific Technical Environment and produces a theoretical framework for the interpretation of this moment that helps us to think about the actuality of pandemic capitalism that has been presented around us in recent times.
Águas subterrâneas. Águas de nascente e águas minerais naturais. O caso de Pedras Salgadas
Authors: Pina Helena , Martins Felisbela , Carramillo Luís
Published: June 2023

Water is a natural resource that must be preserved, because, although it covers most of our planet, only a small percentage can be consumed. It is a scarce, fragile and irreplaceable resource, but it is also renewable one. It is neither lost nor vanishes: rather, it is transferred and renewed through the hydrological cycle. Fresh water is a limited resource that can be found in rivers, lakes and as groundwater. One of the great natural properties of water is its great capacity to dissolve the most diverse substances, being, therefore, important for containing nutrients that are fundamental for the life of plants and human beings. These realized early on that some water properties could be beneficial to health. Portugal is very rich in waters that are known for their unique abilities to cure some diseases and preserve health, which distinguishes them from other groundwater. In this essay, we seek to make known the importance of these waters for health, for industry, for tourism and, consequently, for local and national development. We choose the history of Pedras Salgadas water as a case study from the time these waters were a fountain by the road, until today, when it is famous all over the world. The methodological framework we follow is based on documentary research, fieldwork and semi-structured interviews to local dynamic agents. It is intended to highlight both its past, a water with health benefits, and its present, namely with the revitalization of thermal equipment and infrastructures: the requalification of Pedras Salgadas Park, into Pedras Salgadas Spa & Nature Park, a project of high quality tourism in Portugal, and also in the development of the bottling and distribution industry of this water, which is unique in the world.
Assessments of uncertainties in effective radiation doses to the population in the contaminated regions of the Russian Federation after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident
Authors:   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Vlasov O.K. , Shchukina N.V. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC)
Published: June 2023

The study is aimed at investigation of the properties of distribution of effective dose convolutions for estimating parametric dependence on the ratio of geometric mean internal radiation doses to external radiation doses and standard geometric mean deviations of lognormal distributions. For research the average annual personal dosimetric information for the period from 1986 over 2022, kept in the database of the National Radiation Epidemiological Register (NRER) was used. Information on internal and external radiation doses received by each resident of 13,000 Russian settlements, the most contaminated with radioactive material from the destroyed Chernobyl NPP is kept in the NRER. The results of the study demonstrated the different values of ratio of geometric mean convolutions of annual radiation doses to effective doses. Their standard deviations are 1.05-1.28 and 2.2-2.8 respectively. The ratio of the arithmetic mean convolutions values to deterministic effective doses stored in the database included in the study is 1.0. With the account of uncertainties included in the estimates of the effective dose and doses of external and internal radiation exposure, the difference between probabilistic and deterministic estimates of effective doses received by the residents of the Russian settlements contaminated with Chernobyl radioactive releases is insignificant.
Calculation of pharmacokinetic and dosimetric characteristics of Lu-177-EDTMP – a potential drug for radionuclide therapy of bone metastases
Authors:   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Matveev A.V. , Petriev V.M. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Tishchenko V.K. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Minaeva N.G. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC)
Published: June 2023

Phosphonic acids labeled with beta-emitting radionuclides are promising radiopharmaceutical drugs for palliative therapy of bone metastases. Currently, the possibility of using a new osteotropic compound N,N,N’,N’-ethylenediaminetetrakis (methylene phosphonic acid) with lutetium-177 (177Lu-EDTMP) is being studied. The aim of the work is to develop a compartment mathematical model of the kinetics of 177Lu labeled osteotropic radiopharmaceutical drugs in the body of laboratory animals and calculate their pharmacokinetic and dosimetric characteristics based on it. To assess the stability of 177Lu-EDTMP in vivo, the characteristics of the distribution of free lutetium in the form of 177LuCl3 were also studied. To identify the model parameters and calculate the characteristics of radiopharmaceutical drugs, quantitative data on the bio-distribution of 177Lu-EDTMP and 177LuCl3 in the body of intact Wistar rats were used. A compartment model of kinetics has been developed and two approaches to the identification of its transport constants have been proposed – through the residual functional and using approximation by monoexponential functions. According to pharmacokinetic modeling, it was found that 177Lu-EDTMP is deposited in bone tissues (up to 55% of the administered dose). The calculated value of the apparent volume of distribution of 177Lu-EDTMP is approximately 200 times greater than the volume of blood plasma, the values of biological half-lives from bone tissues are 10-20 times higher than from internal organs. The excretion of 177Lu-EDTMP from the body occurs mainly through renal clearance. Comparative modeling with 177LuCl3 revealed high resistance of 177Lu-EDTMP in vivo. The highest values of absorbed doses are formed in the skeleton and kidneys with minimal radiation load on other internal organs and blood. The results obtained indicate the prospects for further studies of 177Lu-EDTMP and the possibility of its clinical application for the treatment of skeletal metastases.
How to use government short videos to promote policy compliance: evidence from China (Preprint)
Authors: Tian Xiaoxu , Pang Natalie , Bi Xinhua
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Policy compliance is an important research topic during epidemic outbreaks. Understanding how government short videos promote citizens’ policy compliance in times of epidemic outbreaks is worthy of attention.

OBJECTIVE

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METHODS

Based on grounded theory, qualitative data are first collected through semi-structured interviews. Subsequently, a theoretical model of government short videos influencing policy compliance in times of COVID-19 is constructed through open, axial, and selective coding.

RESULTS

Results showed that government short videos have significant effects on policy compliance through four cognitive appraisals: epidemic, policy, government-public relationship, and social influence. In addition, resilience as an individual feature moderates the relationship between these cognitive appraisals and compliance.

CONCLUSIONS

Findings enrich the research on citizen policy compliance from the perspective of social media technology and also provide targeted guidance on how government short videos may be used to promote policy compliance during pandemics.
Effectiveness and acceptability of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for fear of cancer recurrence: a systematic review (Preprint)
Authors: Yang Xin , Wei Fangxin , Li Qiugui , Chen Meixue , Zhang Shuxian , Lin Qingran
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Cognitive behavioral therapy can be effective in treating negative cancer psychology, and since fear of cancer recurrence seriously troubles cancer patients or survivors, digitalized cognitive behavioral therapy may improve the strategy used to treat FCR. There is no evidence that focuses specifically on digitalized cognitive behavioral therapy for FCR in cancer patients or survivors.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the effectiveness and acceptability of digitalized CBT for FCR in cancer patients or survivors.

METHODS

Seven databases were systematically searched (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and Scopus) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from the database build to April 6, 2023. The PRISMA guidelines were followed, and the protocol was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. The included literature was evaluated using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (ROB2).

RESULTS

This review identified nine studies from five countries (the Netherlands, China, Australia, Germany, and Ireland) published between 2017 and 2023. Sample sizes ranged from 57 to 363 individuals. Text, images, video, games, interactive features, and peer group conversations were some of the technical components employed in the intervention. Digital CBT therapies for FCR in cancer patients or survivors were shown to be successful, as evidenced by the intervention group's better results when compared to those of the control group (Hedges g = -1.60, 95% CI: -2.44 to -0.77; p<0.01). The acceptability of this study showed positive results based on user feedback, with most studies having a failure rate of less than 15%. Most studies had a high risk of bias.

CONCLUSIONS

The study showed promising evidence when it came to efficacy and positive outcomes for FCR, and user feedback was positive. However, the overall risk of bias indicates that the effectiveness of the intervention needs to be interpreted with caution.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42023427748.
Advancing Equity in Breast Cancer Care: Natural Language Processing for Analyzing Treatment Outcomes in Underrepresented Populations (Preprint)
Authors: Park Jung In , Park Jong Won , Zhang Kexin , Kim Doyub
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer affecting women of every ethnic group in the United States; however, significant disparities in cancer outcomes persist among different racial and ethnic groups. To date, only a few studies have investigated the treatment outcomes of women from underrepresented populations using clinical notes.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to develop Natural Language Processing algorithms to capture the treatment outcomes of breast cancer for women from underrepresented populations from clinical notes, to provide individualized symptom management and nursing care planning.

METHODS

We used 1,000 clinical notes obtained from the electronic health records of a tertiary academic hospital. We utilized three vectorization approaches––TF-IDF, Word2Vec, and Doc2Vec––and compared their performances with different classification models––Support Vector Classification, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Random Forest.

RESULTS

The results showed that both the TF-IDF and Doc2Vec models had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve when combined with Random Forest, followed by Support Vector Classification and K-Nearest Neighbors. We observed that the Random Forest classifier showed the best performance among the classification algorithms.

CONCLUSIONS

This study successfully developed a Natural Language Processing pipeline for identifying treatment outcomes of invasive breast cancer in women from underrepresented populations, leveraging the most effective text vectorization (TF-IDF, Doc2Vec) and classification (RF) techniques. Further research is recommended to improve recall performance and confirm its adaptability in diverse, real-world healthcare settings.
Lessons From the Field From a Volunteer Telehealth Ambassador Program to Enhance Video Visits Among Low-Income Patients: Qualitative Improvement Study (Preprint)
Authors: Tuot Delphine S , Mukherjee Aarya , Churape Amanda , DeFries Triveni , Su George , Khoong Elaine C , Lyles Courtney
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of telehealth video use across the United States is uneven, with low uptake in safety-net health care delivery systems, which care for patient populations who face barriers to using digital technologies.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to increase video visit use in an urban safety-net delivery system. We piloted a telehealth ambassador program, in which volunteers offered technical support to patients with access to digital technologies to convert primary care visits already scheduled as telehealth audio-only visits to telehealth video visits.

METHODS

We used a descriptive approach to assess the feasibility, efficacy, and acceptability of the pilot telehealth ambassador program. Feasibility was quantified by the percentage of eligible patients who answered calls from telehealth ambassadors. Program efficacy was measured in two ways: (1) the percentage of patients with access to digital technology who interacted with the navigators and were successfully prepared for a telehealth video visit, and (2) the percentage of prepared patients who completed their scheduled video visits. Program acceptability was ascertained by a structured telephone survey.

RESULTS

Telehealth ambassadors attempted to contact 776 eligible patients; 43.6% (338/776) were reached by phone, among whom 44.4% (150/338) were provided digital support between March and May 2021. The mean call duration was 8.8 (range 0-35) minutes. Overall, 67.3% (101/150) of patients who received support successfully completed a telehealth video visit with their provider. Among the 188 patients who were contacted but declined video visit digital support, 61% (114/188) provided a reason for their decline; 42% (48/114) did not see added value beyond a telehealth audio-only visit, 20% (23/114) had insufficient internet access, and 27% (31/114) declined learning about a new technology. The acceptability of the telehealth ambassador program was generally favorable, although some patients preferred having in-real-time technology support on the day of their telehealth video visit.

CONCLUSIONS

This high-touch program reached approximately one-half of eligible patients and helped two-thirds of interested patients with basic video visit capability successfully complete a video visit. Increasing the program’s reach will require outreach solutions that do not rely solely on phone calls. Routinely highlighting the benefits of video visits, partnering with community-based organizations to overcome structural barriers to telehealth use, and offering in-real-time technology support will help increase the program’s efficacy.
Credit Card Fraud Detection Using Random Forest Classification
Authors: Nandi Soumyajit
Published: June 2023

Abstract: In recent years credit card became one of the essential parts of the people. Sudden increase in E-commerce, customer started using credit card for online purchasing therefore risk of fraud also increases. Instead of carrying a huge amount in hand it is easier to keep credit cards. But nowadays that too becomes unsafe. Nowadays we are facing a big problem on credit card fraud which is increasing in a good percentage. The main purpose is the survey on the various methods applied to detect credit card frauds. From the abnormalities, in the transaction, the fraudulent one is identified. We address this issue in order to implement some machine learning algorithm like random forest, logistic regression in order to detect this kind of fraud. In this paper we increase the efficiency in finding the fraud. However, we discussed and evaluated employee criteria. Currently, the issues of credit card fraud detection have become a big problem for new researchers. We implement an intelligent algorithm which will detect all kind of fraud in a credit card transaction. We handled the problem by finding a pattern of each customer in between fraud and legal transaction. Isolation Forest Algorithm and Local Outlier Factor are used to predict the pattern of transaction for each customer and a decision is made according to them. In order to prevent data from mismatching, all attribute are marked equally.
Software to Convey and Assist Medical Treatment Guide for Atypical Children
Authors: Bhattacharyya Saumyadeep , Majumdar Anurima , Halder Romik , Roy Ankita , Chakraborty Asmita , Ghosal Antara
Published: June 2023

Abstract: The aim of this project is to build an informative software for medical professionals to assist the atypical children and make them understand the procedure of treatment and how it will be helpful to them. Along with a user friendly, responsive interface the dedicated platform for abnormal children has some attractive features to guide step by step treatment process via audio visual content with sub-titles. In this software multiple language feature is provided to explain those contents to children for their hustle free treatment in an easiest possible way. Starting from real life examples to animated videos and cartoonist images are available in this software for proper understanding and further encourage them for their treatment. This web based and android application focuses on motivating the children for cooperating with medical specialists and help them to overcome the fear of treatment. The ML based strong recommendation algorithm is also integrated in this multi-platform support application such as recommended videos, recommended languages etc. This is an open source , free and easy to use platform that provide advantages for medical experts as well as guardians of the children
Causes and Preventive Measures of Cracks in Residential Building
Authors: Pavate Vinayak
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Building cracks are one kind of universal problem that occurs in any type of concrete structure. It is most important to understand the causes and preventive measures to be taken. A crack affects the buildings artistic and destroys the walls integrity, affects the structures safety, and reduces the durability of concrete. Some wrong steps are during construction and some unavoidable reasons are to be form different types of cracks appear on structures; they are to be classified into structural and non-structural cracks. In concrete, cracks can’t be prevented entirely but they can be controlled by using adequate material and repair techniques to use of construction. Some types of cracks causes serious problem and they are to be structurally hazardous.
DİJİTAL PLATFORMLARDA YAYINLANAN DİZİLERDE GÜÇLÜ KADIN OLGUSU: KULÜP DİZİSİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: YÜNKÜL Kevser , AYCAN Ersin
Published: June 2023

Bu çalışma, toplumsal cinsiyet bağlamında kadına yüklenen rollerin, dijital medya platformlarında nasıl temsil edildiğini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Feminist kuram bağlamında incelenen toplumsal cinsiyet kavramı, günümüzde önemli araştırma konularından biridir. Kadının toplumsal normlar içindeki konumu evrensel ve yerel düzeyde önem arz etmektedir. Medyada yayınlanan içeriklerin, izleyiciyi yönlendirme noktasında çok önemli bir rol oynadığı bilinmektedir. Özellikle prime-time saatlerinde yayınlanan dizilerin içeriğinde toplumsal cinsiyet normlarının patriarkal düzen altında kadınları temsil ettiği görülebilir. Bahsi geçen bu anlatılar doğrultusunda, çalışmanın ilk aşamasında feminist kuram, toplumsal cinsiyet ve Türk dizilerinde kadın temsili üzerinde durulmuştur. Sonrasında, dijital platformlar hakkında bilgilendirme yapılarak Türkiye’de dijital platformlara değinilerek Netflix’te yayınlanan içeriklerde kadın temsilinden bahsedilmiştir. Çalışmada patriarkal düzene ait normları yeniden üreten “Kulüp” dizisi ele alınmıştır. Dizi, bilimsel araştırma tekniklerinden içerik analizi yöntemi ile incelenmiş ve dizideki kadın temsili, feminist kuram açısından yorumlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda dijital platformlarda yayınlanan dizilerdeki kadın temsilinin, geleneksel televizyon dizilerindeki kadın temsili ile karşılaştırılması üzerinden toplum tarafından atfedilen rollerin dışında olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Rethinking the globalization through the lens of indonesian traditional political culture
Authors: Kuklin Nikita S.
Published: June 2023

The aim of the study is to identify original Indonesian approaches to the globalization phenomenon from Indonesia’s political culture standpoint, bearing in mind also the socio-political thought of the Indonesian people, as well as the historical and cultural features of the Indonesian statehood formation. The author analyzes the assumption that Indonesian society and the elites share original globalization perception, thus Indonesia’s self-positioning in a globalizing world is not only a matter of diplomacy or politics, but also a question of political philosophy and social psychology. From the point of methodology, the author relies on constructivism IR theory, as it necessary to study the Indonesian beliefs set regarding globalization and world development processes. As a result, the author concludes that the pandemic consequences and international crises are increasingly dividing the world, and globalization is often considered stalled, however, for the Indonesian mindset, globalization is an important world order element, while it is perceived not as total westernization or neocolonialism, but as a fair exchange between sovereign nations. The research contribution is also determined by the need to analyze non-Western approaches to key world development issues and the international actor’s communication, considering the transformation of the contemporary IR system and the global politics shift to the Asia-Pacific region.
Incarceration Conditions of the French Prisoners of War in the British Prison in Chatham in 1803-1814: Regression Analysis of the Duration of Captivity and Mortality
Authors: Urazbakhtin Ruslan I.
Published: June 2023

The relevance of this article is studying of the problem of “Man at war” includes examining a fate of prisoners of war. Detention conditions of Frenchmen in England during the Napoleonic wars remain a subject of discussions in the foreign historiography. Besides this, it has also never been studied earlier in the national historiography. In the article they are considered by means of regression analysis of captivity duration and mortality. Their dependence from such factors as age, height, rank, type of vessel, year of capturing etc. is considered. This method reveals if there was any discrimination in releasing and if food supply and other conditions were satisfying for survival in detention. The results are compared with the data of the Danish and Norwegian prisoners who were kept in the same prison. The aim is to examine detention conditions of the French captives on English prison hulks. The result of the study is reveal of the duration of captivity depending from the period of seizing: the first arrivals spent the longest time in a prison that indicates the halting of captives’ exchange as early as 1803. It also depended from way of leaving the prison: if the prisoner was exchanged, dyed or escaped. Persons aged less than 12 and over 50 were released earlier. Children, the elderly, officers could be released only on parole. Military seamen were kept longer than the rest. At the same time, death in captivity appears to be occasional. It indicates that food of the French prisoners in England was sufficient for survival. But other conditions led to a high mortality: 8-14 % of the French captives died in custody.
“The Most Remarkable Man among Arabs, Waswahili, and Half-Castes in Africa”: The Image of Tippu Tip in the Memories and Travelogues of Europeans in the Second Half of the 19th Century
Authors: Bryndina Valentina N.
Published: June 2023

The main purpose of the article is to systemize and represent the references and descriptions of Hamed bin Mohammed al-Murjabi available in written sources. Hamed bin Mohammed, who is better known as Tippu Tip, was a Zanzibar merchant and one of the most influential figures in East and Central Africa in the second half of the 19th century. Corpus of sources are represented by memories and travelogues of the European explorers, colonial officials and missionaries, who personally knew Tippu Tip. The article examines the main features of his image and its evolution from “the most remarkable man among Arabs, Swahili, and Half-Castes” to “a renowned slave trader”, who embodies all evil of the Arab slave trade. The particular attention is paid to the conflict between Tippu Tip and Henry M. Stanley during the infamous Emin Pasha Relief Expedition; it is also considered evidences of Tippu Tip’s participation in raids on the local population of Central Africa in order to capture slaves and ivory.
To be a Muslim in the Penitentiary System of the Russian Empire: Evidence from Tatar Ego-documents of the Early 20th Century
Authors: Usmanova Diliara M.
Published: June 2023

The article sheds light on the experience of being an inorodets (a non-Russian, non-Christian subjects of the Russian Empire) in the imperial penitentiary system. The Tatar intellectual elite of the early 20th century pondered over the “prison experience” of this period in a number of texts, and the most significant of them are ego-documents written by a new generation of the Tatar elite that reflect new trends in the public discourse of the Muslim community of late imperial Russia. The present publication is based on the texts of private origin (autobiographies, memoirs, diaries) of a number of Muslim prisoners who had a difficult relationship with the authorities as well as with the officially recognized Muslim clergy. The article analyzes three works representing different views of Muslim authors on their prison experience. The prison reality at the turn of the 1870-1880s is depicted in the autobiography of Gabdrashid Ibragimov, who described it from the position of a young Muslim believer. He experienced feelings of shame during in time imprisoned; and at the same he realized that the prison had become for him a “school of life.” The other two writings are the famous work “Prison [Tiur’ma]” by Gaiaz Iskhaqyi and “Prison Reminiscences [Tiuremnye vospominaniia]” by Iusuf Akchura. They were published in 1907 and describe the prison experience of a Muslim in a Tsarist prison from an alternative perspective. We see that the emerging Tatar intellectual circle was quite seriously incorporated into the political context of the late Russian Empire. Therefore, religious aspects of prison reality occupy a rather modest place in the works of the Tatar political activists, and the personal experience of religious feelings is marginal. This corresponds to the circumstance that personal religious experience did not dominate the general worldview of the authors. At the same time the description of prison experience in the form of a more or less developed literary work reflected the level of the various authors’ “personality as well as cognitive and human maturity.”
Book Review: Muslim Subjectivity in Soviet Russia. The Memoirs of ’Abd al-Majid al-Qadiri by A. Bustanov, V. Usmanov, eds. Brill Schöningh, 2022, 448 p.
Authors: Mardanova Dinara Z.
Published: June 2023

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Gobierno digital e inteligencia artificial, una mirada al caso colombiano
Authors: Ospina Diaz Milton Ricardo , Zambrano Ospina Kelly Johanna
Published: June 2023

En este artículo de reflexión se aborda el tema del gobierno digital e inteligencia artificial frente a las demandas ciudadanas en la revolución 4.0 para automatizar procesos en diferentes áreas estratégicas y contribuir a dar solución a problemáticas sociales, como la lucha contra la corrupción, medio ambiente, seguridad, salud, educación, etc. En el documento se expone la evolución histórica de la gestión pública hasta llegar a la Gestión Pública Inteligente, y se efectúa un paneo de la literatura sobre tecnologías en el ámbito público como: gobierno electrónico, datos abiertos, gobierno digital, interoperabilidad, ciberseguridad e inteligencia artificial y su marco ético. La investigación fue cualitativa, histórica, teórica, documental, descriptiva y en su desarrollo se analizaron cifras de organizaciones internacionales y entidades oficiales como DANE, MinTIC, DAFT, etc. Al final del documento se esboza el reto del Estado colombiano para fortalecer la conectividad de internet en los territorios y fortalecer la formación y capacitación de la ciudadanía en temas de ciencia y tecnología para seguir avanzando en su proceso de transformación digital.
natural resource management and legal consequences for the environment from the perspective of international environmental law
Authors: Tethool Adjeng , Kainama Marthinus
Published: June 2023

Management of natural resources that is not in accordance with international problems such as air pollution. Pollution that occurs in the air environment due to forest fires that occurred in Indonesia, especially in 2019 in Riau Province, is not in line with the principles of international environmental law. One of them is the principle of "Sic utere tue ut alienum non leads" in which the state is prohibited from allowing and/or carrying out activities that are detrimental to other countries. So that from these actions there are legal consequences for the State of Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyze and find out about preventive measures for the air environment and environmental law due to the air environment based on international law. The method used in writing this thesis is a normative research method. The legal materials used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The results of this study are that the management of natural resources is not carried out in accordance with the principles of international law, causing air pollution which has a negative impact on the State of Indonesia and also for the State of Malaysia, Singapore. From this research, it is also not allowed to take preventive action through supervision carried out through the government of the State of Indonesia.
Kewajiban Umum Negara terkait Pencegahan dan Penghukuman Kejahatan terhadap Kemanusiaan: Telaah atas Draf Artikel ILC
Authors: Munif Ashri Abdul
Published: June 2023

Kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan merupakan kejahatan paling serius yang menjadi perhatian masyarakat internasional secara keseluruhan. Kriminalisasi kejahatan tersebut telah dimulai sejak ditandatanganinya Piagam Tribunal Militer Internasional Nürnberg tahun 1945. Namun sampai sekarang, belum terdapat suatu perjanjian internasional khusus yang didedikasikan untuk mengatur pelbagai aspek dari kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan. Pada tahun 2019, Komisi Hukum Internasional (ILC) akhirnya merampungkan Draf Artikel Tentang Pencegahan dan Penghukuman Kejahatan terhadap Kemanusiaan, yang diekspektasikan kelak menjadi dasar pembentukan konvensi khusus di masa mendatang. Tulisan ini mengulas kewajiban umum Negara berkenaan dengan pencegahan dan penghukuman kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan menurut Draf Artikel yang disusun ILC. Penelitian dalam tulisan ini mengandalkan metode penelitian yuridis-normatif dengan perpaduan pendekatan konseptual dan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelaahan tulisan ini menemukan bahwa terdapat tiga bentuk kewajiban umum Negara berdasarkan Draf Artikel ILC, yakni: (i) Kewajiban Negara untuk tidak melakukan tindakan yang merupakan kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan; (ii) Kewajiban untuk mencegah; dan (iii) Kewajiban untuk menghukum kejahatan tersebut.
IDENTIFYING VOCABULARY OF GRADE VIII STUDENTS AT SMPN 19 PALU
Authors: Arsid Sitti Fallah , Said Mawardin M. , Mashuri Mashuri
Published: June 2023

The objective of this research aims at finding out the students’ vocabulary at the grade VIII grade of SMPN 19 Palu. This research was conducted through a quantitative research design in which the results were tabulated and described. Total students were 23, based on the calculation, it is found that seven students’ score belong to the excellent category (30.43%) as the student obtained final scores ranges in 95-100; six students’ scores belong to the very good category (26.09%) as their final scores ranges in 91-94; five students’ scores belong to the good category (21.74%) as these students obtained final scores ranges in 81-90; three students belong to the fair category (13.04%) because they obtained final scores ranges in 75-80, and two students belong to the poor category (8.70%) because they obtained final scores ranges in 40-74 or below the passing grade. In conclusion, the students’ vocabulary (88.04) falls into good category. Most of the students have sufficient vocabulary when taking the test. On the other hand, there are also some students still lack of vocabulary. This was due to lack of motivation in learning English.
ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF SOCIO-AFFECTIVE STRATEGY IN TEACHING SPEAKING ENGLISH
Authors: Sumang Daniel Urslenton Wiser , Darmawan Darmawan , Maf'ulah Maf'ulah
Published: June 2023

This study was conducted through Library Research method which describes the implementation of socio-affective strategy in teaching speaking English. The aim of this study is to describe the steps on the implementation of socio-affective strategy to encourage students in teaching speaking English. The data sources were taken from scientific writing on the implementation of socio-affective strategy from 5 scientific writings. The results reveal that in using socio-affective strategies, the teacher or lectures used six steps of strategies such as reducing students’ anxiety, encouraging themselves to speak, controlling emotion, asking question, cooperating with others, and empathizing with others based on Oxford (1990). The students definitely have positive response toward the use of socio-affective strategy in teaching speaking English. They thought that socio-affective strategies is possible help them to enhance their ability, motivation, and confidence in speaking skill. It is concluded that using Socio-Affective Strategies in teaching speaking English is effective to increase students’ speaking skill. In other words, differences in the teaching procedures do not negatively impact the students speaking ability.the teaching procedures do not negatively impact the students speaking ability.
EFFECT OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING TO THE SPEAKING ABILITY OF THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS
Authors: Nurhazizah Nurhazizah , Mukrim Mukrim , Arid Muhammad , Nadrun Nadrun
Published: June 2023

The objective of this research is to find the effect of problem-based learning to the speaking ability of the tenth grade students at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Palu. This research employed experimental research of quasi-experimental design. The samples were the students of X Farmasi as the experimental group and the students of X TKJ A  as the control group. They were selected using convenience sampling technique. The data were collected through pretest and posttest analyzed by using t-test formula to compare the mean score of the experimental and control groups. The result of the data analysis shows that t-table (1.968) higher than t-value (0.96), so the hypothesis is rejected. It means problem-based learning has no effect significantly to the students speaking ability. That  caused by several factors such as situation, teaching implementation, and students participation.
ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ ERRORS IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT
Authors: Maizu Anugrah Mustika , Jamiluddin Jamiluddin , Agussatriana Agussatriana
Published: June 2023

This research aims to find out the grammatical errors and the dominant error written by the tenth-grade students of SMA Karuna Dipa Palu in the academic year 2021/2022 in writing recount text. The researchers used the descriptive qualitative design. The subject of this research was all the tenth-grade students of SMA Karuna Dipa Palu which consisted of 32 students. In collecting the data, the researchers used test as the instrument. The researchers analyzed the data by using error analysis. The result of the research showed that the students made 412 errors in their recount texts which are classified into: simple past tense (34.7%), preposition (6.1%), pronoun (3.9%), spelling (10.7%), and punctuation (44.7%). The dominant error is punctuation. The dominant errors occurred because the students pay less attention to the use of good and correct punctuation. They are apathetic to the use of punctuation.
USE OF EVERYONE IS A TEACHER HERE METHOD TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL
Authors: Permatasari Eka , Kamaruddin Abdul , Mashuri Mashuri
Published: June 2023

The objective of this research is to investigate whether or not the students’ speaking ability can improve through the Everyone is A Teacher Here Method in teaching speaking skill of tenth grade students at SMA Negeri 5 Palu. This research applies quasi experimental design, that used two classes, they are experimental class and control class. The research population was the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 5 Palu which is consisted of 325 students. The samples were selected by purposive sampling technique and it was 17 students of X  Mipa 6a and 16 students of X Mipa 6b. The instruments that was used to collect the data was tests. The tests include pre-test and post-test, with the pre-test mean score 35.29 for experimental class and 35.63 for control class. While post-test mean score is 45.29 for experimental class and 37.50 for control class. The result of the data is analyzed statistically by applying the t-test formula. The result of the data analysis show that the value of t-counted is 2.45. Applying the degree of freedom 31 (Nx + Ny – 2 = 17 + 16 – 2) and 0.05 level of significance the value of t-table is  1.567. The calculation show that the t-test value is higher than the t-table value. It means that the hypothesis of this research is accepted. It affirms that Everyone is A teacher Here Method can improve students’ speaking skill of the tenth grade students at SMA Negeri 5 Palu.
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF USING G-SUITE IN LEARNING SPEAKING AT SMA NEGERI 3 PALU
Authors: Masriyani Sri , Nadrun Nadrun , Anggreni Afrillia
Published: June 2023

The objective of this research is to find out the students’ perception on the use of G-Suite application in learning speaking during the Covid-19 Pandemic era. Qualitative descriptive research was used by involving 36 students of the tenth-grade IPA 8 who have experienced in learning speaking by using the G-Suite application at SMA Negeri 3 Palu. Questionnaire and interview were employed to collect the data. The questionnaires in this research consist of 2 indicators, namely the effectiveness of G-Suite and the effect to speaking component. The interview was conduct to get more information from the students as a supporting result of the questionnaire. Based on the analysis of data, the conclusion can be drawn that students’ perception of using G-Suite in learning speaking during the Covid-19 Pandemic effective and have a positive perception. It can be seen from the percentage of the data based on the questionnaire related to the effectiveness of G-Suite and the effect to speaking component. Perception related to the effectiveness of G-Suite showed the highest frequency with a percentage 94.4%, and perception related the effect to speaking component showed the highest frequency with a percentage 88.9%. From the finding, using G-Suite in learning speaking quite help for students and teacher during the Covid-19 Pandemic.