bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Bone‐Derived ECM into Macroporous Microribbon Scaffolds Accelerates Bone Regeneration
Authors: Villicana Cassandra , Su Ni , Yang Andrew , Tong Xinming , Lee Hung Pang , Ayushman Manish , Lee Jeehee , Tai Michelle , Kim Tayne , Yang Fan
Published: February 2025

Tissue‐derived extracellular matrix (tdECM) hydrogels serve as effective scaffolds for tissue regeneration by promoting a regenerative immune response. While most tdECM hydrogels are nanoporous and tailored for soft tissue, macroporosity is crucial for bone regeneration. Yet, there's a shortage of macroporous ECM‐based hydrogels for this purpose. The study aims to address this gap by developing a co‐spinning technique to integrate bone‐derived ECM (bECM) into gelatin‐based, macroporous microribbon (µRB) scaffolds. The effect of varying doses of bECM on scaffold properties was characterized. In vitro studies revealed 15% bECM as optimal for promoting MSC osteogenesis and macrophage (Mφ) polarization. When implanted in a mouse critical‐sized cranial bone defect model, 15% bECM with tricalcium phosphate (TCP) microparticles significantly accelerated bone regeneration and vascularization, filling over 55% of the void by week 2. Increasing bECM to 25% enhanced mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) recruitment and decreased M1 Mφ polarization but reduced overall bone formation and vascularization. The findings demonstrate co‐spun gelatin/bECM hydrogels as promising macroporous scaffolds for robust endogenous bone regeneration, without the need for exogenous cells or growth factors. While this study focused on bone regeneration, this platform holds the potential for incorporating various tdECM into macroporous scaffolds for diverse tissue regeneration applications.
Metal‐Free, Selective Ortho‐Deuteration of N‐Heterocyclic Oxides
Authors: Montoli Arianna , Dimasi Alessandro , Citarella Andrea , Ronchi Paolo , Passarella Daniele , Fasano Valerio
Published: February 2025

Replacing hydrogen with deuterium raises the activation energy for C−D bond cleavage. This approach has gained attention in drug design, especially to protect the ortho‐position of pyridines, which are susceptible to enzymatic oxidation. Until now, direct hydrogen isotope exchange has been largely restricted to the use of reactive organolithium reagents or metal‐catalysed deuteration methods. In this work, we present a metal‐free, selective ortho‐deuteration of N‐heterocycles starting from their N‐oxides, proceeding at room temperature in just 5 minutes. This method achieves high deuterium incorporation across a broad range of N‐heterocycles, including bioactive compounds. Experimental and computational studies have elucidated the mechanism of the reaction, showing that regioselectivity is driven by a successful increase in acidity at the ortho‐position, enabling deprotonation by the in‐situ generated dimsyl anion.
Lactylation of HDAC1 Confers Resistance to Ferroptosis in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yang Zhou , Su Wei , Zhang Qinglin , Niu Lili , Feng Baijie , Zhang Yu , Huang Feng , He Jiaxin , Zhou Qinyao , Zhou Xin , Ma Longjun , Zhou Jingwan , Wang Yuanrong , Xiong Wenjing , Xiang Jun , Hu Zhilin , Zhan Qiang , Yao Bing
Published: January 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is highly resistant to ferroptosis, which hinders the application of anti‐ferroptosis therapy. Through drug screening, it is found that histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) significantly sensitized CRC to ferroptosis. The combination of HDACi and ferroptosis inducers synergically suppresses CRC growth both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, HDACi reduces ferroptosis suppressor protein (FSP1) by promoting its mRNA degradation. Specifically, it is confirmed that HDACi specifically targets HDAC1 and promotes the H3K27ac modification of fat mass‐ and obesity‐associated gene (FTO) and AlkB Homolog 5, RNA Demethylase (ALKBH5), which results in significant activation of FTO and ALKBH5. The activation of FTO and ALKBH5 reduces N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification on FSP1 mRNA, leading to its degradation. Crucially, lactylation of HDAC1K412 is essential for ferroptosis regulation. Both Vorinostat (SAHA) and Trichostatin A (TSA) notably diminish HDAC1K412 lactylation in comparison to other HDAC1 inhibitors, exhibiting a consistent trend of increasing susceptibility to ferroptosis. In conclusion, the research reveals that HDACi decreases HDAC1K412 lactylation to sensitize CRC to ferroptosis and that the combination of HDACi and ferroptosis inducers can be a promising therapeutic strategy for CRC.
On‐Demand Sintering of Gold Nanoparticles via Controlled Removal of o‐Nitrobenzyl Thiol Ligands Under Record‐Low Power for Conductive Patterns
Authors: Im Jisun , Heaton Charles , Putri Nur R. E. , Liu Changxu , Usuba Junichi , Butler Kevin , Fay Michael , Han Grace G. D. , Hooshmand Helia , Thompson Adam , Wildman Ricky , Hague Richard , Turyanska Lyudmila , Tuck Christopher
Published: January 2025

Metal nanoparticles‐based nanoinks have shown potential for fabricating metallic components essential to the realization of innovative 3D‐printed electronic devices. However, fabricating metallic patterns on flexible, heat‐sensitive substrates remains challenging due to high temperature and high energy sources, such as intense pulsed light (IPL), involved in the sintering process. Here an efficient sintering method is presented using ultralow power UV by leveraging the photocleavable ligand, o‐nitrobenzyl thiol (NT), – functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The controlled removal of NT ligands upon UV irradiation enhances light absorption by reducing the filling factor of voids in the printed layer, increasing the layer temperature, and facilitating further ligand desorption. This positive feedback mechanism accelerates nanoparticle sintering at several orders of magnitude lower energy than IPL, achieving an electrical conductivity of 7.0 × 106 S m−1. This nanoink promises the parallel printing of multimaterial components through ultralow power photonic sintering for fabricating multifunctional 3D‐printed electronic devices.
Homospermidine synthase evolution and the origin(s) of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Apocynaceae
Authors: Smith Chelsea R. , Kaltenegger Elisabeth , Teisher Jordan , Moore Abigail J. , Straub Shannon C. K. , Livshultz Tatyana
Published: January 2025

Premise

Enzymes that are encoded by paralogous genes and produce identical specialized metabolites in distantly related plant lineages are strong evidence of parallel phenotypic evolution. Inference of phenotypic homology for metabolites produced by orthologous genes is less straightforward, since orthologs may be recruited in parallel into novel pathways. In prior research on pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), specialized metabolites of Apocynaceae, the evolution of homospermidine synthase (HSS), an enzyme of PA biosynthesis, was reconstructed and a single origin of PAs inferred because HSS enzymes of all known PA‐producing Apocynaceae species are orthologous and descended from an ancestral enzyme with the motif (VXXXD) of an optimized HSS.

Methods

We increased sampling, tested the effect of amino acid motif on HSS function, revisited motif evolution, and tested for selection to infer evolution of HSS function and its correlation with phenotype.

Results

Some evidence supports a single origin of PAs: an IXXXD HSS‐like gene, similar in function to VXXXD HSS, evolved in the shared ancestor of all PA‐producing species; loss of HSS function occurred multiple times via pseudogenization and perhaps via evolution of an IXXXN motif. Other evidence indicates multiple origins: the VXXXD motif, highly correlated with the PA phenotype, evolved two or four times independently; the ancestral IXXXD gene was not under positive selection, while some VXXXD genes were; and substitutions at sites experiencing positive selection occurred on multiple branches in the HSS‐like gene tree.

Conclusions

The complexity of the genotype‐function‐phenotype map confounds the inference of PA homology from HSS‐like gene evolution in Apocynaceae.
A ZnO‐based Catalytic System for the Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide from Air
Authors: Wang Lan , Fang Chunyao , Xu Boran , Yu Yunlong , Liu Youmei , Fu Xianbiao , Cao Ang , Sun Qiangqiang , Zhou Shaobing
Published: February 2025

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has a wide range of applications as an eco‐friendly and sustainable oxidant. However, the clean, efficient and convenient synthesis of this compound remains challenging. This work demonstrates a rationally designed electron‐self‐supplied catalytic system capable of generating H2O2 from water and atmospheric oxygen without extra energy input. This catalytic system is made of a ZnO coating containing oxygen vacancies and a Zn substrate. The ZnO catalyst layer obtains electrons from the Zn substrate to synthesize H2O2. The H2O2 concentration produced by this catalytic system is up to 17.9 mM without any secondary processing. This remarkably high concentration is attributed to the formation of a liquid film on the hydrophilic ZnO surface that promotes the oxygen reduction reaction by accelerating the transfer of oxygen from the ambient air to the catalyst surface. By integrating with atmospheric fog collection, this system can continuously collect H2O2 directly from the air.
Chemistry as a Catalyst for Transforming the Health and Wealth of South Africa
Authors: Veale Clinton G. L. , Woodland John G. , Wicht Kathryn J. , Chibale Kelly
Published: January 2025

South Africa's rich natural resources remain a key driver of its chemical industrialisation but are tainted and constrained by its complex colonial history. Thirty years since the advent of democracy in South Africa, deep sociopolitical inequalities are amplified by an intolerable infectious disease burden amongst disadvantaged communities. In that respect, South Africa shares challenges with many other nations in the Global South; there are limited opportunities for the economic development and growth needed to uplift all strata of society. This Viewpoint examines the role of the chemical sciences in South Africa's unique history and the current state of its academic and industrial sectors, with a focus on the intersection of chemistry, healthcare and biomedical research. We argue that the opportunities offered through chemistry research and development, including local manufacturing, should be exploited and that scientific advancements should be tailored to and integrated with the socioeconomic realities of South Africa for an effective and multidisciplinary approach to improving healthcare outcomes. This Viewpoint aims to inspire a renewed focus on the pivotal role of chemical scientists and their broader societal contributions to combating the country's infectious disease burden and shaping a healthier future for South Africa.
Photoacids and Photobases: Applications in Functional Dynamic Systems
Authors: Yucknovsky Anna , Amdursky Nadav
Published: January 2025

Brønsted photoacids and photobases are a unique class of molecules that undergo a major change in their pKa values between their ground and excited states, resulting in donating or accepting a proton, respectively, but only after light excitation. This property of photoacids/photobases makes them an attractive tool for light‐gating various dynamic processes. Here, we review the use of this property to manipulate functional dynamic systems with light. We discuss how a proton transfer event that can happen upon light excitation from a photoacid to a chemical moiety of a certain system or, vice versa, from the system to a photobase, can result in a shift in the equilibrium of the system, resulting in some dynamicity. We detail various systems, including self‐assembly processes of nanostructures, self‐propulsion of droplets, catalysis for hydrogen evolution or CO2 capturing, nanotechnological devices based on enzymatic processes, and changes in proton‐conducting ionophores and materials. We detail the basic guidelines for using Brønsted photoacids and photobases in a desired system and conclude with the current technological gaps in further using these molecules.
A Remarkable ParaCEST Activity Shown by a Co(II) Complex of Bis‐Dipicolinamideacetamide With One Inner Sphere Water Molecule
Authors: Rath Soumyadarshi , Kumar Panda Suvam , Chattapadhya Anupriya , Goswami Chandan , Kumar Singh Akhilesh
Published: February 2025

Reaction of the BDPAA (N,N‐dimethyl pyridine‐based tri(carboxamide)) with iron tetrafluoroborate, cobalt chloride and nickel triflate separately in methanol/acetonitrile affords the complex, [Fe(BDPAA)(H2O)](BF4)2, [Co(BDPAA)(H2O)]Cl2 and [Ni(BDPAA)(H2O)](CF3SO3)2, respectively. The solid‐state structural analysis of cobalt and nickel complexes of bis‐dipicolinamideacetamide (BDPAA) ligand and the solution state paraCEST studies of all three complexes are presented. Among these complexes, only Co(II)‐BDPAA complex exhibits remarkable paraCEST activity due to exchangeable carboxamide NH2 protons, whereas the corresponding Fe complex shows very little CEST effect and Ni complex did not show CEST activity at all. Single crystal X‐ray analysis of [Co(BDPAA)(H2O)]Cl2 indicates that the Co(II) ion exhibits a seven‐coordination with N3O2 from the ligand and one inner sphere water molecule, leading to a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal (pbp) geometry. Presaturation of the picolinamide protons of the Co complex, 73 ppm distant from the bulk water signal by 25 μT pulse at 37 °C leads to an 18 % decrease in intensity of 1H NMR signals due to CEST effect. The Co‐BDPAA complex shows the best CEST effect at pH around 7.4‐7.6. The measured proton exchange rate constant (kex) values for the CEST peaks at 20 and 73 ppm were approximately 3.66×103 s−1 and 3.74×103 s−1, respectively.
Electrolyte Strategies at Extreme Temperatures for Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Liu Xingtai , Yao Jia , Xia Chao , Wang Xiaofang , Lv Lin , Zhang Jun , Wan Houzhao , Wang Hao
Published: February 2025

The state of aqueous zinc batteries at extreme temperature environment is an important parameter for their widespread application. However, low ionic conductivity and sluggish ionic diffusion at low temperature, and aggravated untoward reactions in the interface of electrode‐electrolyte at high temperature, seriously limit the practical application of zinc‐ion batteries. Currently, numerous zinc‐ion batteries capable of operating within a broad temperature range have been proposed. Herein, the reason of the performance decline at extreme temperature is discussed from the perspective of thermodynamics and dynamics. Then, from the additives/co‐solvents, high concentration salts, hydrogels and other aspects, the main strategies of electrolyte are introduced in detail. Finally, the possible directions to further improve the high and low temperature performance of zinc‐ion batteries are proposed. It is hoped that this review will be helpful to the design and manufacture of wide temperature zinc‐ion battery electrolyte and provide reference for the application of rechargeable zinc‐ion battery in extreme environment.
A Comparison of Medium Probability Versus High Probability Instructions to Increase Cooperation in the Context of the High Probability Instructional Sequence
Authors: Wilder David A. , Sheppard Christina , Izquierdo Franchesca , Flynn Kira
Published: February 2025

The high‐probability instructional sequence has been shown to be effective to increase cooperation with low‐probability requests. However, for some individuals, it may be difficult to identify high‐probability instructions, and some high‐probability instructions may become less likely to evoke cooperation over time. Thus, under some circumstances medium probability instructions, or instructions which may be less likely to evoke cooperation than high‐probability instructions, may be a useful temporary alternative to increase cooperation. In the current study, we compared medium probability instructions to high probability instructions to increase cooperation among three children with autism spectrum disorder. The results showed that for two participants, the medium probability instructions improved cooperation as much as the high‐probability instructions. For a third participant, the medium probability instructions improved cooperation over baseline, but not to the level observed with the high‐probability instructions. Results are discussed in terms of the mechanisms responsible for the effects of instructional sequences.
Employing Diaryl Pyrrolone Fluorescence With Ninhydrin and Phenylacetaldehyde for Sensitive Determination of Alendronate Sodium in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Tablets: Evaluation of Method Greenness
Authors: Derayea Sayed M. , Mohammed Fatma F.
Published: January 2025

Alendronate sodium (ALN) is used to treat osteoporosis in men and women who experienced menopause. A new, sensitive, environmentally friendly, selective, and reasonably priced spectrofluorimetric technique was devised for ALN determination utilizing the reaction of the drug with ninhydrin and phenylacetaldehyde in the presence of Teorell–Stenhagen buffer (pH 7). The interaction yielded a highly luminescent diaryl pyrrolone product with strong emission at 464 nm following excitation at 390 nm. Optimization of various method parameters was performed, and a calibration curve was constructed. Linear regression statistical analysis shows a highly strong correlation (r = 0.9995). The method could determine ALN in the linear concentration range of 0.5–4.0 μg mL−1. Adopting ICH guidelines criteria, method validation was done, and the results confirmed the acceptable accuracy and precision. The LOD and LOQ values were computed as 0.13 and 0.41 μg mL−1, respectively. Application of the method for the analysis of oral tablets containing ALN alone or combined with vitamin D3 was successfully performed with no interferences from vitamin D3 or other coformulated excipients, proving excellent selectivity. Moreover, the method was evaluated for environmental greenness via three different tools confirming its acceptable greenness. Hence, the method can be successfully utilized in quality control laboratories.
Signals vs. Reality: Consumer Responses to Green Claims in Quick Commerce
Authors: Choubey Vardhan , Joshi Prasad , Chakraborty Debarun , Khare Apoorv , Appolloni Andrea
Published: January 2025

The strengthened supply chain has made delivery fast to consumers. However, quick deliveries compromise sustainability by emitting carbon and impacting environment by rapid shipping practices. In this context, the study aimed to examine consumer perceptions of the green claims made by quick commerce companies. A model was built using signalling theory, elaboration likelihood model (ELM), agenda‐setting theory (AST) and cognitive load theory (CLT). A longitudinal study was conducted across two phases using a self‐administered questionnaire for data collection. Data were collected from 512 respondents in Phase 1 and 478 respondents in Phase 2. Initially, the study examined how signals sent to consumers affect credibility, complexity and visibility regarding green claims. It was found that signals were positively influencing credibility (CRD), visibility (VIS) and complexity (COX). Next, the study explored the relationship between these three factors and consumer responses to green claims (RCR). Results indicated that COX, VIS and CRD were positively influencing RCR. Finally, the study examined the moderating role of environmental actions taken by companies (EBC). It was found that consumers are also changing and getting more educated about green claims and greenwash. It was observed that companies' environmental actions moderated credibility and complexity, which positively influenced consumer response towards green claims during Phase 1. However, such influences were not moderated by environmental actions during Phase 2. The consumers were aware and were not affected by some actions claiming companies' green practices. Visibility was moderated during both phases by company action. Thus, if companies can show through signals that they are engaged in green practices, consumers will accept it. However, in the long run, even visibility will require fact‐checks.
Transforming Food Industrial Sludge Into Sustainable Resources: Innovations in Waste Management and Renewable Energy Recovery
Authors: Aryanfar Yashar , García Alcaraz Jorge Luis , Keçebaş Ali , Fernandez Julio Blanco , Arslan Busra , Ilbas Mustafa , Algarni Salem , Alqahtani Talal , Irshad Kashif
Published: February 2025

This study comprehensively investigates the potential of food industrial sludge as a renewable resource within the expanding global food industry. Grounded in the theoretical framework of the circular economy and sustainability sciences, it delves into the composition of sludge, comprising diverse organic (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and fibers) and inorganic elements (minerals, heavy metals, and trace elements), highlighting its environmental and economic implications. The focus is on evaluating key utilization methods—anaerobic digestion, thermal treatment (pyrolysis and gasification), composting, and bioconversion—for transforming sludge into valuable resources such as biogas, biochar, and compost. These methods are assessed based on their alignment with sustainable waste management theories and practices, particularly concerning environmental sustainability and resource recovery. Empirical data from case studies and industry reports are incorporated to provide concrete examples of successful sludge utilization practices. For instance, empirical data indicate that anaerobic digestion can reduce sludge volume by up to 70% and generate biogas with an energy yield of approximately 25 MJ per kg of dry sludge. Pyrolysis can sequester up to 3 t of CO2 per ton of biochar produced. These methods demonstrate considerable promise for energy production, nutrient recovery, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, supporting a circular economy approach. The study addresses challenges in sludge management, including compositional variability, contaminant presence, and the necessity for effective treatment to mitigate environmental risks such as water and soil pollution and odor issues. Findings indicate that the sustainable utilization of food industrial sludge as a renewable resource is not only viable but also essential for minimizing environmental impact, conserving finite resources, and promoting sustainability in the food industry. This research contributes valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and environmental scientists, enriching the body of knowledge on waste management and resource recovery. The research is framed within the context of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production).
Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation With Dual Source of Cells and Post‐Transplant Cyclophosphamide
Authors: Fonseca‐Hial Ana Marcela Rojas , Parisio Katya , de Oliveira Jose Salvador Rodrigues
Published: February 2025

Background

Dual sources of cells (DSC) with peripheral blood stem cell apheresis (PBSC) and surgical bone marrow (BM) for haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (Hid‐HCT) are used in China and some Asian countries. The experience of the Baltimore group for haploidentical transplant with post‐transplant cyclophosphamide (PT‐Cy) and reduced‐intensity‐conditioning (RIC) regimen used BM as a source of hematopoietic stem cells.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 64 Hid‐HCT with DSC and PT‐Cy, RIC (n = 57), or myeloablative‐conditioning (MAC) (n = 7), from two public health Brazilian centers, with a median follow‐up of 23.3 months (6.7–45.4).

Results

The 49 malignant patients were 27/46 (58.7%) beyond the first remission or with no complete response, and three patients did not complete disease status evaluation before transplant. Eight of 62 patients (12.9%) had grade 2 or more Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation‐Specific Comorbidity Index (HCT‐CI), and two patients had no HCT‐CI classified. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia occurred in 26 of 57 (45.6%). The cumulative incidence of 100‐day grade III‐IV acute GVHD was 12.3% (7/57), with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 3.8% and 20.8%, and 2‐year moderate or severe chronic GVHD was 21.1% (11/52; 95% CI, 10.1%–32.3%). The 2‐year relapses were 24.5% for malignant disease (12/49; 95% CI, 12.4%–36.5%). The 2‐year overall survival (OS) probability was 54.7% (35/64; 95% CI, 42.5%–66.9%). Benign diseases achieve 2‐year OS in 73.3% (11/15; 95% CI, 51%–95.7%) of the patients. The HCT‐CI were significant in multivariate analyses for DFS (p = 0.002) and OS in uni‐ and multivariate analyses (both p < 0.001). The number of CD34+ cells by apheresis collection was significant in multivariate analysis for DFS (p = 0.039).

Conclusion

Hid‐HCT using PT‐Cy, DSC, and RIC is a safe option for benign and malignant diseases.
Dual Relaxant Effect of Coumarin‐3‐carboxamides Through the Nitric Oxide/Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Pathway and Ca2+ Channels Blockade
Authors: Jiménez‐Rodríguez Arabelly , Alvarado‐Sánchez Cuauhtémoc , Velasco Manuel , López‐Oliva Estephania , Romero‐Ceronio Nancy , Ortiz‐Andrade Rolffy , Hernández‐Abreu Oswaldo
Published: February 2025

We aimed to determine the relaxant pathway of seventeen synthetic compounds derived from coumarin‐3‐carboxamide. An isolated rat aorta assay was used. To determine the vasorelaxant mode of action, receptor blockers and specific enzyme inhibitors involved in endothelial and smooth muscle signaling pathways were used. The compounds 2, 4, and 5 showed higher activity than the other compounds. N‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (10 µM) and methylene blue (10 µM) significantly inhibited the relaxant effect of the compounds 2, 4, and 5 (p ≤ 0.05), but not tetraethylammonium (5 mM), indomethacin (10 µM), or atropine (1 µM). The compounds 2, 4, and 5 abated the contraction induced by CaCl2. The compounds 2, 4, and 5 exert a relaxing effect through the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway activation and by blocking Ca2+ channels of the cell membrane. These findings propose coumarin‐3‐carboxamides as new drug entities with the potential to develop non‐clinical and clinical.
Suppression of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 in UMR106 Osteoblast‐Like Cells and MC3T3‐E1 Cells by Adipokine Chemerin
Authors: Vogt Julia , Daferner Kim , Föller Michael
Published: January 2025

Endocrine fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) derived from bone governs phosphate and vitamin D metabolism. Paracrine FGF23 has additional functions in different organs. Moreover, plasma FGF23 is correlated with outcomes in chronic kidney disease. FGF23 regulation is complex depending on a plethora of different factors and conditions including AMP‐dependent kinase (AMPK), inflammation, and adipokines leptin and adiponectin. Chemerin is an adipokine implicated in proinflammatory processes in adipose tissue and other organs and an activator of AMPK. Here, we investigated whether chemerin is a regulator of FGF23. UMR106 osteoblast‐like cells and MC3T3‐E1 osteoblasts were studied. Gene expression was assessed by qRT‐PCR, FGF23 protein by ELISA, and AMPK activity by western blotting. Both cell lines expressed Cmklr1 encoding chemerin chemokine‐like receptor 1. Chemerin slightly but significantly reduced Fgf23 expression. Chemerin reduced FGF23 protein abundance in the cell culture supernatant, and RNAi‐mediated Cmklr1 silencing upregulated Fgf23 expression in UMR106 cells. In the presence of AMPK inhibitor compound C, chemerin failed to suppress Fgf23 in UMR106 cells. In conclusion, chemerin‐dependent Cmklr1 signaling downregulates FGF23 in bone cell lines. This effect requires, at least partly, AMPK.
Melatonin Prevents Thymic Atrophy but Does Not Protect Against Disruption of T Cell Maturation Related to Cyclophosphamide Exposure
Authors: Pimenta Gustavo F. , Dourado Thales M. H. , de Souza Kayse D. B. , Elias‐Oliveira Jefferson , Rodrigues Vanessa F. , Carlos Daniela , Tirapelli Carlos R.
Published: January 2025

Increased oxidative stress and apoptosis are key mechanisms of thymic atrophy induced by cyclophosphamide (CYP). Atrophy leads to changes in the thymic microenvironment and disrupts T cell maturation. The hormone melatonin displays antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects. Here, we tested the hypothesis that melatonin would act as a cytoprotective agent against the harmful effects of CYP in the thymus. A single dose of CYP (300 mg/kg; ip) was injected in male C57BL/6 mice pretreated or not with melatonin (10 mg/kg/day, ip) for 4 days. Atrophy, oxidative stress and apoptosis markers, and T cell subpopulations were evaluated in the thymus 24 h after CYP injection. Melatonin partially prevented atrophy and the increase in caspase 3 activity induced by CYP. Augmented lipoperoxidation and generation of NADPH‐oxidase derived superoxide (O2•−), as well as decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, were detected in the thymus of CYP‐injected mice. Pretreatment with melatonin abrogated these responses. CYP reduced the number of double‐positive (CD4+CD8+) cells, activated single‐positive (CD8+ and CD4+) cells, and regulatory CD4+FoxP3+ (Treg) cells in the thymus. None of these effects were reversed by melatonin. In conclusion, melatonin partially prevented thymic atrophy, possibly by reducing apoptosis and oxidative stress. However, melatonin did not abrogate the immunomodulatory effect of CYP on T cell populations. The lack of effect of melatonin on CYP‐induced reduction in Treg cells may be of interest since these cells reduce antitumor immunity.
PRMT5 Inhibition Enhances Therapeutic Efficacy of Cisplatin via Mediating miR‐29b‐3p‐Mcl‐1 Expression in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Haichao , Fan Jiangjiang , Shen Weiwei , Zhang Yong , Zhu Ximing , Li Pei , Gu Zhongping , Jing Pengyu
Published: February 2025

Cisplatin is one of the front‐line therapeutic agents used to treat cancers, while drug resistance is a great obstacle to anti‐tumor efficiency. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) has been identified as a promoter of tumorigenesis, motility, and invasion. Inhibiting PRMT5 reduced hypoxia‐induced carboplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the specific relationship between PRMT5 and cisplatin (CDDP) warrants further investigation. Our research revealed that PRMT5 inhibitor C9 enhanced CDDP chemosensitivity by suppressing proliferation and promoting apoptosis in LUAD cells. Through examining pro‐apoptotic proteins regulated by PRMT5, we identified that Mcl‐1 played a significant role in PRMT5‐mediated CDDP chemosensitivity. Furthermore, PRMT5 regulated Mcl‐1 expression through mediating miR‐29b‐3p. In vivo, our research presented that C9 increased CDDP chemosensitivity in LUAD xenografts. All in all, our data raised an interesting possibility that epigenetic reprogramming was associated with chemosensitivity. PRMT5 inhibitor C9 improved CDDP effectiveness in LUAD cells by inhibiting Mcl‐1 expression via miR‐29b‐3p, thereby modulating cellular proliferation and apoptosis.
Discovery of Highly Active Noble‐Metal‐Lean Mo−Ru Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Cechanaviciute Ieva A. , Antony Rajini P. , Banko Lars , Quast Thomas , Pokharel Saika , Ludwig Alfred , Krysiak Olga A. , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: January 2025

The discovery of high‐performance electrocatalysts for water electrolysis is highly important. We use a strategy for catalyst discovery based on high‐throughput screening of a broad range of materials compositions on a thin‐film materials library to identify noble‐metal‐lean multi‐metal compositions with high activity towards the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolyte. We demonstrate this strategy using a quaternary materials library containing Mo, Ag, Ti, and Ru fabricated by combinatorial magnetron sputtering on a 10 cm diameter wafer providing 342 measurement areas. Surprisingly, binary Mo−Ru‐containing catalyst compositions with comparatively low Ru content exhibited the highest activity. Using the polymer/metal precursor‐based spray technique, Ni foam electrodes were modified with the Mo−Ru hit compositions and evaluated in a model electrolyzer in membrane electrode assembly (MEA) configuration. The electrodes showed a very low overpotential of only 132 mV at a comparatively high current density of −2 A cm−2 and a 24 h electrolysis stability at −1 A cm−2 with no observable degradation after the initial electrode conditioning.
Direct Recycling of Cathode Materials from Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Principles, Strategies, and Perspectives
Authors: Li Sihan , Wu Zhan , Zhang Miaoquan , Xu Jianping , Jin Zheyu , Gan Yongping , Xu Zhihong , Wang Qingli , Zhang Wenkui , Xia Yang , He Xinping , Zhang Jun
Published: February 2025

In recent years, lithium‐ion batteries have become an important part of the global transition to green and low‐carbon energy. However, due to the rapidly increasing demand and production of lithium‐ion batteries, there is a large amount of spent batteries that need to be disposed of. The most critical and valuable recycling of spent batteries is the recycling of cathode materials. Pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy are traditional recycling processes aimed at extracting valuable metal elements from cathode materials. However, these methods have several disadvantages, including destruction of the structure of cathode materials, lengthy repair processes, high energy consumption and high environmental pollution. The direct recycling process is a popular repair technology for cathode materials in lithium‐ion batteries. The aim is to restore or upgrade the cathode materials in a non‐destructive manner or convert them into other functional products for secondary use, characterized by a short repair process, high atom utilization, lower costs and lower carbon emissions. This perspective summarizes the current status of lithium‐ion battery recycling, with a focus on direct recycling of cathode materials. It describes the pretreatment process, theoretical foundations, direct regeneration strategies and perspectives and provides insights for relevant researchers.
Self‐Assembly of Quinazolinedione Rosettes
Authors: Yamada Yuhei , Hanayama Hiroki , Kajitani Takashi , Datta Sougata , Yagai Shiki
Published: February 2025

A quinazoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione bearing a phenylene moiety and aliphatic tails was synthesized as an alternative self‐assembling building block to barbiturate molecules, aiming to achieve enhanced hydrolysis resistance. The compound self‐assembles in non‐polar solvents to form linear supramolecular polymers via the formation of hydrogen‐bonded cyclic hexamers (rosettes), a process confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis of the bulk material. Our results demonstrate that quinazoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione serves as an effective hydrogen‐bonding building block, suggesting its potential to form stable supramolecular polymers from versatile π‐conjugated molecules.
Divergent Synthesis of Four Types of Fused N‐Containing Heterocycles via Oxidative Multi‐Component Cyclization Reaction
Authors: Guo Xiaoshuang , Miao Maozhong , Zhao Peng , Ma Yongmin
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive Summary

An atmospheric‐oxygen‐mediated four‐component reaction was developed for the divergent synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine derivatives from readily available alcohols and 3‐aminopyrazoles. In this transformation, atmospheric oxygen serves as the green oxidant, promoting alcohols as equivalent aldehydes for the synthesis of four types of N‐containing heterocycles (> 40 examples). Remarkably, the transformation features metal‐free and molecular diversity.
In Situ formed Organic Sodium Salt/rGO Nanocomposite as Anode Material for Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Xue Qianwen , Luo Yuansheng , Tu Xiaoxue , Yin Haoyu , Chen Jingfu , Wu Fei , Zhong Cheng , Zhu Linna
Published: February 2025

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are expected to be the next‐generation large‐scale energy storage technology. Organic anode materials are potential for efficient SIBs because they are not sensitive to the size of metal ions. Yet they still suffer from shortcomings such as low electrical conductivity, and solubility in electrolyte. Formation of nanocomposite with carbon materials is an efficient way to address these issues. Herein, we design a thiophene‐based carboxylate compound STT, and the STT@rGO nanocomposite is also in situ formed as anode material for SIBs. The reduced graphene oxide (rGO) could improve conductivity and decrease the solubility of the anode material. Compared to the pristine STT electrode, STT@rGO delivers a reversible specific capacity of 178 mAh g−1, with a capacity retention rate of 86 % after 1000 cycles. Moreover, full batteries are successfully assembled using the nanocomposite anode and the commercial cathode Na3V2(PO4)3, manifesting the potential applications of the nanocomposite as organic electrode materials.
Egg Retrieval as a Cognitive Indicator in Cuckoo Hosts
Authors: Zhong Guo , Wan Guixia , Wang Longwu , Liang Wei
Published: January 2025

Egg retrieval behavior in hosts within avian brood parasitism systems was found to be regulated by the motivation to reject parasitic eggs. However, due to the limitations in the research systems, there is a lack of effective validation regarding the adaptation mechanisms of cuckoo hosts to the conflict between retrieving their own eggs outside the nest and rejecting parasitic eggs. This study uses Daurian redstarts (Phoenicurus auroreus), a secondary cavity‐nesting host parasitized by common cuckoos (Cuculus canorus), to verify the adaptive decision‐making of the host between egg retrieval and egg rejection by simulating the occurrence of eggs outside the nest. The results showed that Daurian redstarts ignored 60.6% of highly mimetic conspecific eggs, with a retrieval rate of only 18.2%. Additionally, Daurian redstarts rejected 21.2% of conspecific eggs. However, non‐mimetic budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) and white model eggs were more likely to be directly rejected (75% and 86.4%, respectively) with no retrieval events. Our findings suggest that egg retrieval behavior in Daurian redstarts is likely influenced by the cognitive process of rejecting parasitic eggs, leading to occasional over‐identification and difficulty in decision‐making between egg retrieval and egg rejection, especially in the context of conflicting motivations.
Recycling Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe Wastes into PVC/ZnO Nanofiber‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Yavari Shabnam , Sembay Merey , Bushanov Yersaiyn , Bakenov Zhumabay , Shafiee Mehdi , Kalimuldina Gulnur
Published: February 2025

Recycling plastic waste into triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) presents a sustainable approach to energy harvesting, self‐powered sensing, and environmental remediation. This study investigates the recycling of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe waste polymers into nanofibers (NFs) optimized for TENG applications. We focused on optimizing the morphology of recycled PVC polymer to NFs and enhancing their piezoelectric properties by incorporating ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). The optimized PVC/0.5 wt% ZnO NFs were tested with Nylon‐6 NFs, and copper (Cu) electrodes. The Nylon‐6 NFs exhibited a power density of 726.3 μW cm−2—1.13 times higher than Cu and maintained 90% stability after 172 800 cycles, successfully powering various colored LEDs. Additionally, a 3D‐designed device was developed to harvest energy from biomechanical movements such as finger tapping, hand tapping, and foot pressing, making it suitable for wearable energy harvesting, automatic switches, and invisible sensors in surveillance systems. This study demonstrates that recycling polymers for TENG devices can effectively address energy, sensor, and environmental challenges.
Unlocking the Link Between Gut Microbiota and Psychopathological Insights in Anorexia Nervosa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Scala Mauro , Tabone Mariangela , Paolini Marco , Salueña Andrea , Iturra Rocío Arroyo , Ferreiro Veronica Romero , Alvarez‐Mon Miguel Ángel , Serretti Alessandro , Soltero Maria del Rocío Gonzalez , Rodriguez‐Jimenez Roberto
Published: January 2025

Objective

This systematic review explores the associations between qualitative/quantitative changes in gut microbiota and psychopathological symptoms or other clinical features in patients with eating disorders (EDs). Secondary outcomes include exploring gut microbiota changes in EDs and potential relationships with psychotropic drug use.

Method

A systematic search was conducted across biomedical databases from inception to June 2024 according to PRISMA guidelines. The risk of bias was assessed, and a narrative synthesis was performed due to the heterogeneity of the outcomes.

Results

Only findings related to anorexia nervosa (AN) were identified. Ten studies, of which seven were longitudinal, two cross‐sectional, and one interventional (N = 350 patients with AN, and 304 HCs), were included. Despite no clear links between diversity metrics and clinical symptoms being observed, specific taxa belonging to phylum Firmicutes, such as Clostridium, Roseburia, Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, and Bifidobacterium belonging to Actinobacteriota correlated with ED psychopathology, including anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

Changes in microbiota were related to anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as altered eating behaviours by modulating inflammation and insulin pathways through short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), that also lead to neurotransmitter imbalances. Further studies are required to replicate these finding and to explore whether similar patterns are observed in other EDs.
A Statistical Characterization of Dynamic Brain Functional Connectivity
Authors: Chow Winn W. , Seghouane Abd‐Krim , Seghier Mohamed L.
Published: February 2025

This study examined the statistical underpinnings of dynamic functional connectivity in mental disorders, using resting‐state fMRI signals. Notably, there has been an absence of research demonstrating the non‐stationarity of the empirical probability distribution of functional connectivity. This gap has prompted debate on the existence of dynamic functional connectivity, leading skeptics to question its relevance and the reliability of research findings. Our aim was to fill this gap by conducting a comprehensive empirical distribution analysis of functional connectivity, using Pearson's correlation as a measure. We conducted our analysis on a set of preprocessed resting‐state fMRI samples obtained from 186 subjects selected from the UCLA Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics dataset. Departing from conventional methods that aggregated signals over voxels within a region of interest, our approach leveraged individual voxel signals. Specifically, our approach offered a precise characterization of the empirical probability distribution of resting‐state fMRI signals by evaluating the temporal variations and non‐stationarity in dynamic functional connectivity, as measured by Pearson's correlation. Our study investigated functional connectivity patterns across 49 regions of interest, comparing healthy control subjects with patients diagnosed with ADHD, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Our analysis revealed that (1) the empirical distribution of the correlation coefficient exhibited non‐stationarity, (2) the beta distribution was an accurate approximation of the exact correlation coefficient distribution, and (3) the empirical distribution of means derived from the fitted beta distributions, unraveled distinctive dynamic functional connectivity patterns with potential as biomarkers associated with different mental disorders. A key contribution of our study was the presentation of the first comprehensive empirical distribution analysis of dynamic functional connectivity, thus providing compelling evidence for its existence. Overall, our study presented an innovative statistical approach that advances our understanding of the dynamic nature of functional connectivity patterns derived from resting‐state fMRI. Our examination of the empirical distribution of dynamic functional connectivity provided solid evidence supporting its existence. The distinctive dynamic functional connectivity patterns we identified across various mental disorders hold promise as potential biomarkers for further development.
The Effects of Resigning GPs on Patient Healthcare Utilization and Some Implications for Health
Authors: Monsees Daniel , Westphal Matthias
Published: January 2025

We study the effects of general practitioners' (GPs') resignations on their patients' healthcare utilization and diagnoses in an event‐study setting. Using claims data from a large German statutory health insurance, we find that after physicians leave, their former patients persistently reduce their primary care utilization, only partially substituting it with specialist visits and hospital care. Because patients find a new GP already 1.1 quarters after the old resigns, on average, the persistent effects must be explained through the new GP. Indeed, the new GP serves more patients but performs less diagnostic testing. Our results reveal a substantial decrease in diagnoses of many relevant chronic conditions (such as congestive heart failure and diabetes), suggesting that disruptions may have adverse consequences for the efficiency of the healthcare system. This indicates that continuity in primary care is pivotal and shows that the GP has an essential role in healthcare delivery, particularly in healthcare systems such as Germany, where GPs often have a high workload and little consultation time.
Delayed Immune Response Upon Injury in Diabetic Wounds Impedes Healing
Authors: Dhanraj Priyanka , Boodhoo Kiara , van de Vyver Mari
Published: February 2025

Background

Chronic wounds are a severe complication of diabetes. Dysregulated inflammatory signalling is thought to underly the poor healing outcomes. Yet, there is little information available on the acute response following injury and its impact on healing.

Methods

Using a murine full thickness excisional wound model, the current study therefore assessed the expression of pro‐inflammatory and pro‐resolving lipid mediators during the early stages post injury in acute and diabetic wounds and compared the timeframe for transitioning through the phases of healing. Tissue eicosanoid (LTB4, PGE2, TxA2, MaR1, RvE1, RvD1, PD) and MMP‐9 levels were assessed at 6 h post wounding using ELISAs. Wound closure, healing dynamics (histology), cellular infiltration and MPO, TNF‐α expression (IHC) were assessed at 6 h, day2, day7 post wounding.

Results

Eicosanoid expression did not differ between groups (LTB4 24–125 pg/mL, PGE2 63–177 pg/mL, TxA2 529–1184 pg/mL, MaR1 365–2052 pg/mL, RvE1 43–1157 pg/mL, RvD1 1.5–69 pg/mL, PD1 11.5–4.9 ng/mL). An inverse relationship (p < 0.05) between MMP‐9 and eicosanoids were however only evident in acute and not in diabetic wounds. Diminished cellular infiltration (x5 fold) (p < 0.05) in diabetic wounds coincided with a significant delay in the expression of TNF‐α (pro‐inflammatory cytokine) and MPO (neutrophil marker). A significant difference in the expression of TNF‐α (C 1.8 ± 0.6; DM 0.7 ± 0.1 MFI) and MPO (C 4.9 ± 1.9; DM 0.9 ± 0.4 MFI) (p < 0.05) was observed as early as 6 h post wounding, with histology parameters supporting the notion that the onset of the acute inflammatory response is delayed in diabetic wounds.

Conclusion

These observations imply that the immune cells are unresponsive to the initial eicosanoid expression in the diabetic wound tissue.