bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRATEGI PROMOSI PERGURUAN TINGGI ISLAM SWASTA DI KOTA METROPOLITAN (STUDI KASUS DI SEKOLAH TINGGI AGAMA ISLAM LUQMAN Al-HAKIM SURABAYA)
Authors: Rudi Trianto
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini berjudul Strategi Promosi Perguruan Tinggi Islam Swasta di Kota Metropolitan dengan studi kasus di Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam (STAI) Luqman Al-Hakim Surabaya. Dilatarbelakangi oleh pencapaian jumlah mahasiswa yang meningkat tiap tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi komunikasi pemasaran dalam mempromosikan STAI Luqman Al-Hakim Surabaya.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Subyek peneliti dalam penelitian ini adalah divisi marketing  dan communication di STAI Luqman Al-Hakim Surabaya. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan dokumentasi, observasi, dan wawancara. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Integrated Marketing Comunication (IMC), yakni Marketing Mix oleh Kotler dan Keller.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi komunikasi pemasaran dalam mempromosikan STAI Luqman Al-Hakim Surabaya telah menggunakan teori Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC), yakni Marketing Mix 7P atau bauran pemasaran  meliputi strategi product, price, place, phisycal evidence, people, process, dan promotion.

Program promosi yang dilakukan adalah pembuatan tools promotion, penguatan dan optimalisasi tim promosi, presentasi dan networking, iklan dan publikasi di media online, cetak, dan elektronik, optimalisasi website, penguatan branding di media sosail, optimalisasi jaringan ikatan alumni, referensi SMA almamater mahasiswa, optimalisasi buzzer stail, open house mahasantri, beasiswa atau diskon biaya kuliah.
KOMUNIKASI DAKWAH AYAH KEPADA ANAK DALAM AL- QUR’AN
Authors: Moh Syahri Sauma
Published: February 2024

Berbagai problematika pengasuhan yang ada dewasa ini bisa kita jawab andai kita umat Muslimin mau merujuk kembali dan mentadaburi Al Qur’an. Al-Qur’an yang kata sebagian ulama sepertiga berisi kisah sejarah menyajikan potret orangtua-orangtua hebat yang layak kita teladani. Mereka berhasil membesarkan, mengasuh, membimbing, dan mendidik anak-anaknya menjadi orang-orang sukses, bukan hanya aspek duniawi, bahkan hingga urusan akhirat. Salah satu aspek adalah bagaimana komunikasi seorang ayah kepada anak.

Komunikasi dakwah ayah kepada anak dalam al-qur’an dalam penelitian ini hanya menggunakan perspektif Tafsir Ibnu Katsir. Penulis menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yaitu melakukan penelitian dengan cara library research.

Adapun gambarn umum komunikasi dakwah ayah kepada anak  dalam al-qur’an perspektif Tafsir Ibnu Katsir, maksudnya yaitu menyampaikan pendekatan berupa ajakan untuk taat kepada Allah SWT oleh orang tua (ayah) kepada anaknya sesuai pedoman kitab suci umat Islam (Al-Qur’an).
ELABORASI KOMUNIKOLOGI AL-QUR’AN; SUB-KOMUNIKASI ANTARPRIBADI PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Mashud
Published: February 2024

Komunikasi al-Qur’an sebagai salah satu kajian dengan berbagai variannya telah banyak dilakukan oleh para ilmuan komunikasi yang memiliki background ilmu keislaman. Namun demikian kajian komunikasi Antarpribadi perspektif Al-Qur’an belum banyak dilakukan para ilmuan komunikasi. Atas dasat itulah tulisan ini menjadi urgen dan memiliki ciri khas tersendiri dibanding karya lainnya. Karya ini mencoba melakukan eksplorasi teori dan konsep komunikasi Antarpribadi menurut ilmuan barat, konsep komunikasi Antarpribadi menurut ilmuan muslim atau ilmu al-Qur’an, dan berikutnya akan dikaji korelasi atau hubungan keduanya.

Kajian komunikasi Antarpribadi perspektif al-Qur’an ini sebenarnya merupakan bagian dari kajian komunikasi lainnya dengan sudut pandang al-Qur’an sebagai critical thinkingnya. Dalam kajian komunikasi dengan berbagai variannya dalam perspektif al-Qur’an dikenal istilah komunikologi al-Qur’an yaitu sebuah upaya mengkaji berbagai bidang keilmuan komunikasi perspektif al-Qur’an. Hasil riset keilmuan komunikasi Antarpribadi perspektif al-Qur’an ini menghasilkan temuan perbedaan dan persamaan/keterkaitan menurut konsep al-Qur’an dan menurut para ahli barat.
STUDI SURAH AL-GHASYIYAH TENTANG MATERI DAN METODE DAKWAH DALAM KITAB AL-TAFSÎR AL-MUNÎR KARYA WAHBAH AL-ZUHAILÎ
Authors: Mohamad Nur Fuad
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini punya beberapa alasan : (1) Surah al-Ghâsyiyah     mengandung materi dakwah yang sistematis dan metode  dakwah yang unik  (2) Penelitian terdahulu tentang materi dan metode  dakwah dalam surah al-Ghâsyiyah     dalam kitab al-Tafsir al-Munîr  karya wahbah al-Zuhailî belum  penulis temukan, (3) materi dan metode   dakwah  dalam  Surah al-Ghâsyiyah     memberikan kontribusi positif  kepada petugas dakwah dan akedemisi dakwah  (4)  Secara ideologis,  Nabi Muhammad SAW membaca surah tersebut pada salat jumat.

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menemukan materi dan metode dakwah yang difokuskan pada Surah al-Ghâsyiyah     dalam kitab al-Tafsir al-Munîr  karya Wahbah    al-Zuhailî.

Sumber primer penelitian ini adalah kitab al-Tafsir al-Munîr  karya Wahbah al-Zuhailî. Sumber sekunder berupa jurnal yang terkait dengan judul di atas,  kitab-kitab tafsir lain yang relevan,  dan buku-buku  dakwah  yang ditulis oleh sarjana muslim terdahulu dan sekarang.

Kitab-kitab dan buku-buku tersebut dikaji dengan metode content analysis dan interpretasi kemudian ditarik kesimpulan tentang materi dan metode dakwah dalam Surah al-Ghâsyiyah     dalam kitab al-Tafsir al-Munîr  karya Wahbah al-Zuhailî.
DISTRIBUSI PORTOFOLIO FINANCIAL ASSET SYARIAH PENDEKATAN RISK AND RETURN
Authors: Johan Wahyu Wicaksono
Published: February 2024

Distribisi Portofolio financial asset terdiri gabungan atau kombinasi dari berbagai instrumen dan aset investasi surat berharga yang disusun untuk mencapai tujuan investasi. Tujuannya adalah menghasilkan keuntungan yang optimal dengan mengalokasikan sejumlah dana tertentu pada berbagai jenis investasi yang berada di pasar modal, misalnya saham, instrumen pendapatan tetap seperti obligasi, reksa dana hingga uang tunai. Besarnya peran pasar modal di dalam memobilisasi dana investasi disebabkan adanya pasar modal syariah. Investor muslim lebih tertarik karena financial asset yang diperdagangkan dan mekanisme transaksi di dalamya tidak bertentangan dengan syariat Islam.

Berinvestasi di pasar modal pada dasarnya bertujuan untuk memperoleh return, tetapi investor juga harus berani menanggung risiko dari investasi yang ditanamkannya. Sehingga untuk dapat memaksimalkan return dan meminimalisir risk maka sebuah perusahaan atau seorang investor perlu melakukan beberapa strategi dan memahami faktor-faktor yang mungkin dapat mempengaruhi pergerakan indeks financial asset baik itu saham maupun obligasi. Distribusi portofolio yang dipilih berdasarkan pendekatan risk and return sangat penting untuk dilakukan agar mendapatkan keuntungan yang diinginkan dengan tingkat resiko yang terkendali.

Meskipun investasi di pasar modal menjanjikan tingkat return yang lebih tinggi, namun semakin besar pula resiko yang dihadapi. Oleh karena itu maka investor dituntut untuk melakukan pertimbangan yang matang dan juga memperhatikan bagaimana cara memilih dan mendapatkan return yang diinginkan pada tingkat risiko yang minimal. Agar return dari penyertaan modal mendapatkan hasil yang optimal, investor harus melakukan analisis terhadap saham-saham yang dibelinya dengan mengumpulkan data dan informasi yang relevan dan dibutuhkan dalam menganalisis portofolio. Investasi financial asset perlu distribusi portofolio sebagai bagian dari manajemen resiko dan upaya untuk memperoleh portofolio optimal.
PENERAPAN MANAJEMEN RISIKO DALAM PERBANKAN SYARIAH
Authors: Mohamad Lukmanul Hakim
Published: February 2024

Seiring dengan pertumbuhan perbankan syariah yang sedemikian pesat, maka manajemen risiko menjadi sesuatu yang penting untuk dikelola dengan baik. Risiko dan bank adalah dua hal yang tidak dapat dipisahkan satu sama lainya. Tanpa adanya keberanian untuk mengambil risiko maka tidak akan pernah ada bank. Hal tersebut dapat dipahami bahwa bahwa bank muncul karena keberanian untuk berisiko dan bahkan bank mampu bertahan karena berani mengambil risiko. Namun jika risiko tersebut tidak dikelola dengan baik, bank dapat mengalami kegagalan bahkan pada akhirnya mengalami kebangkrutan.

 Manajemen risiko pada perbankan syariah memiliki karakter yang tidak sama dengan bank konvensional, terutama karena adanya jenis-jenis resiko yang khas melekat pada bank-bank yang beroperasi secara syariah. Dengan kata lain, perbedaan mendasar antara bank syariah dengan bank konvensional bukan terletak pada bagaimana cara mengukur, melainkan pada apa yang dinilai.

Penerapan manajamen risiko pada perbankan syariah meliputi manajemen risiko pembiayaan bank syariah (ijarah, ijarah muntahiya bit tamlik, salam dan istishna, mudharabah/musyarakah, dan murabahah), manajemen risiko likuiditas, manajemen risiko operasional bank syariah, dan manajemen risiko pasar.
KONTRIBUSI BANK SYARIAH INDONESIA KCP MENGANTI PADA PEMBIAYAAN UMKM DI KECAMATAN MENGANTI
Authors: Lukita Permanasari  , Dina Irawati
Published: February 2024

Dengan banyaknya umkm  yang kurangnya modal, BSI KCP Menganti dalam mengembangkan UMKM mengutamakan pelayanan dalam menunjang peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat sehingga berkembang dengan pesat baik dari sisi asset, perolehan dana pihak ketiga dan jumlah pembiayaan. Salah satu peran dalam pembiayaan mikro syariah terhadap perkembangan ekonomi masyarakat adalah dengan cara pemberian modal pembiayaan kepada nasabah untuk mengembangkan usaha yang telah ada atau membuka cabang usaha baru.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kontribusi bank syariah indonesia KCP Menganti pada pembiayaan UMKM di Kecamatan Menganti.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (field research) yaitu penelitian yang objeknya mengenai gejala atau peristiwa yang terjadi pada kelompok masyarakat. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah mengenai kurangnya modal bagi pelaku umkm. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dari data primer yang diperoleh dari hasil wawancara kepada 2 karyawan BSI dan 3 pelaku UMKM.

Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa dengan adanya pemberian modal dan kebijakan restrukturisasi kredit yang dilakukan BSI KCP Menganti  sangat membantu masyarakat untuk mengembangkan usaha mereka dan mampu mengurangi kemiskinan serta membantu menambah pendapatan dan membuka peluang bagi masyarakat yang ingin memulai usaha.
Analisis Kinerja Biro Pemerintahan dan Kesejahteraan Rakyat Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Bali Pasca Kebijakan Pengalihan Jabatan Struktural Menjadi Jabatan Fungsional
Authors: Ni Putu Shita Listya Dewi  , Kadek Wiwin Dwi Wismayanti  , Ni Wayan Supriliyani
Published: February 2024

This study analyzes the performance of the Work Team in the Bureau of Government and People's Welfare of the Bali Provincial Secretariat after the implementation of the policy of transferring structural positions to functional positions. An evaluative approach is used to evaluate the efficiency, effectiveness, fairness, and responsiveness of the Work Team in providing public services. The results showed that in some aspects, such as team formation, task coordination, and responsiveness to service users, the performance of the Work Team still needed improvement. Nonetheless, some supporting factors such as clear regulations on the duties and functions of the Work Team have helped in improving performance. Constraining factors include employees' unpreparedness to take competency tests or training and the lack of changes in the work system post-bureaucratic simplification. Recommendations include accelerating the employee competency test process and optimizing the functions of the Working Team to improve the quality of public services.

Abstrak:

Studi ini menganalisis kinerja Tim Kerja di Biro Pemerintahan dan Kesejahteraan Rakyat Setda Provinsi Bali setelah implementasi kebijakan pengalihan jabatan struktural menjadi jabatan fungsional. Pendekatan evaluatif digunakan untuk mengevaluasi efisiensi, efektivitas, keadilan, dan daya tanggap Tim Kerja dalam memberikan layanan publik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam beberapa aspek, seperti pembentukan tim, koordinasi tugas, dan responsif terhadap pengguna layanan, kinerja Tim Kerja masih membutuhkan penyempurnaan. Meskipun demikian, beberapa faktor pendukung seperti peraturan yang jelas tentang tugas dan fungsi Tim Kerja telah membantu dalam meningkatkan kinerja. Faktor penghambat termasuk ketidaksiapan pegawai dalam mengikuti uji kompetensi atau diklat dan kurangnya perubahan dalam sistem kerja pasca-penyederhanaan birokrasi. Rekomendasi termasuk mempercepat proses uji kompetensi pegawai dan optimalisasi fungsi Tim Kerja untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan publik.

Kata Kunci: Tim Kerja, kinerja, penyederhanaan birokrasi, layanan publik, efisiensi, efektivitas, keadilan, daya tanggap.
Unravelling the Tapestry of Fluid Identity in Mistry’s “A Fine Balance”
Authors: Parveen Nadia , Waris Muhammad
Published: February 2024

This analysis employs Rohinton Mistry's "A Fine Balance" as a case study to examine the experiences and dynamics of the novel's characters within the framework of Marcia's theory of fluid identity. This research examines how James Marcia's identity development theory relates to and contrasts with the idea of fluid identity. The term "identification" is used to describe the dynamic and ever-evolving nature of one's sense of self, which can shift and transform in light of new experiences and relationships, the process of analyzing fictional characters with the intent of learning more about their identities and the influences on those identities.  The findings suggest that the characters' identities are fluid, evolving and adapting to suit their situations and personal development. Throughout the story's progression, Marcia's theory provides a helpful framework for understanding how one's identity can be in various stages of diffusion, acquisition, and adaption. Extrinsic factors such as social expectations, political stability, and economic inequality are discussed. Numerous main characters in this novel face grave sociopolitical and cultural issues in 1970s India. This research aims to reveal the characters' nature, their identification level, and the factors that impact their identity. The results show that the protagonists' identities are fluid, changing, and growing in response to their experiences. Understanding the character's journey in A Fine Balance highlights the dynamic complexity of identity formation and the value of adaptability and openness. The consequences impact the individual.  The need to be accepting of and helpful to people going through personality changes is emphasized by the social knowledge of personal development and identity.
Archaeological investigations at Trader's Cave, Niah National Park: Report on the First (2017) Field Season
Authors:   University of New South Wales, Curnoe Darren , Datan Ipoi ,   Sarawak Museum Department, Sauffi William Mohammed Sherman ,   Sarawak Museum Department, Hsiao Mei Goh , Slack Michael , Peiris Roshan , Sun Xue-feng
Published: February 2024

Over 60 years the Niah Caves in Sarawak has been an iconic archaeological locality in insular Southeast Asia (iSEA) (Fig. 1). Moreover, until recently, the so-called 'Deep Skull' found in 1958 during excavations in the West Mouth led by Tom and Barbara Harrisson provided the earliest physical evidence for Anatomically Modern Humans (AMH) in the region (Brothwell 1960; Harrisson, 1967; Kennedy 1977). The most recent dating estimates for the Deep Skull from direct uranium series analysis of two skull fragments place it at 35.2+2.6 ka (error weighted average) (Pike 2016), and through Bayesian modeling combining AMS 1C of charcoal and direct U-series dating of human bone to c39-30 ka (at 94.5 per cent probability) (Higham et al. 2016). However, the recent re-dating of AMH at Lida Ajder in Sumatra within the range 73,000-63,000 years ago (Westaway et al. 2017) means, of course, that the distinction of 'earliest no longer rests with the Deep Skull. Still, the historical importance of the West Mouth shouldn't be underestimated as much of our current understanding about late Pleistocene-late Holocene prehistory in the region centres on the discoveries made by the Harrisson's in the Niah Great Cave Complex (NGCC).
The relationship between midwifery students' attitudes towards e-learning and their future anxiety after 2023 earthquakes in Türkiye
Authors: Öztürk Altınayak Serap , Yılar Erkek Zümrüt
Published: February 2024

Aim: Studies on the harm caused to education by earthquakes are limited. How education continues after earthquakes is important. This study aimed to determine the relationship between midwifery students' attitudes toward e-learning and their future anxiety after 2023 earthquakes in Türkiye.
Methods: This study used a cross-sectional research design and was conducted from the 9 to 22 March 2023 with 1026 students from across Türkiye. Data were collected using the online survey method. The data were collected with the Personal Information Form, the E-Learning Attitude Scale University Students Form and the Future Anxiety in University Students Scale.
Results: The total score on the E-Learning Attitude Scale was 33.53±13.78, and the total score on the Future Anxiety Scale was 62.17±13.95. There was a significant negative relationship between the mean scores for these two scales.
Conclusion: The study showed that positive attitudes toward e-learning were low and future anxiety was high. It was found that as attitudes toward e-learning increased positively, future anxiety decreased.
BIO-OILS AND DIESEL FUEL DERIVED FROM ALKALINE TREATED EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH (EFB)
Authors: Misson Mailin , Saidina Amin Nor Aishah , Haron Roslindawati , Ahmad Kamaroddin Mohd Fadhzir , Wan Omar Wan Nor Nadyaini , Haw Kok-Giap
Published: February 2024

In this work, EFB was chemically pretreated with different sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration. Pyrolysis was conducted in the presenceof HZSM-5 after the pretreatment step to assess the effects of pretreatment process on bio-oil production. Conversions of EFB were reportedto be 61 wt%, 47 wt% and 42 wt%, after pretreatment with 5 wt%, 15 wt% and 25 wt%, NaOH concentrations, respectively. Furthermore, thepretreatment has effectively improved the bio-oil quality by reducing or even eliminating undesired products. Besides, biomass structurewas dissembled and converted to valuable compounds after upgrading the bio-oil with improved quality.

Keywords: Bio-oils; Empty palm fruit bunch (EFB); Pretreatment; Pyrolysis; Upgrading.
INFLUENCE OF THE ACID VALUE ON BIODIESEL FUEL PRODUCTION USING A TWO-STEP BATCH PROCESS WITH A HOMOGENEOUS CATALYST
Authors: Kai Takami , Kubo Atsushi , Nakazato Tsutomu , Takanashi Hirokazu , Uemura Yoshimitsu
Published: February 2024

A two-step batch process was optimized for the production of biodiesel fuel by the transesterication of used vegetable oils containing thefree fatty acids. The optimum reaction conditions for reducing unreacted glycerides to less than 1 wt% were determined. Potassium hydroxidedissolved in methanol was used as a catalyst. The effect of the quantity of free fatty acid on the conditions required for efficient conversionwas clarified. In addition, the optimum ratio of KOH to methanol based on the overall cost of production was determined.

Keywords : Biodiesel, used oil, methanol, potassium hydroxide, two step
CONVERSION OF ETHYLMETHYLKETONE AND LEVULINIC ACID INTO PETROCHEMICALS OVER ZSM-5 AS A BIOREFINERY TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Tsutsui Toshio , Mitsuyoshi Shuji , Endo Isamu , Mizuta Kei
Published: February 2024

In order to utilize biomass as new resources of petrochemicals, catalytic conversion of oxygen-containing intermediates which can be derivedfrom biomass was investigated. By using ZSM-5 as the catalyst, ethylmethylketone was converted to aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons athigh yields. Selectivity for aromatics was found 70 – 80 %, and the major components were xylene and toluene. Selectivity for aliphatics wasabout 25 %, and the major components were olefins such as propylene, butene and ethylene. The formation of CO2 and CO was only 2 –3 %.When acetone, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, levulinic acid were used as the feed materials, similar results were obtained.Keywords: chemicals from biomass, catalytic conversion, ZSM-5, biorefinery.
BIOREFINERY : CONCEPTS, CURRENT STATUS, AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
Authors: Diep Nhu Quynh , Sakanishi Kinya , Nakagoshi Nobukazu , Fujimoto Shinji , Minowa Tomoaki , Tran Xuan Dang
Published: February 2024

Biorefineries are expected to effectively utilise abundant biomass resources in a sustainable manner in order to ensure energy security, mitigate climate change, and meet the endless demand for chemicals and materials. This paper reviews the current global status and developmental trends in the field of biorefinery. To date, the biorefinery industry is mainly in the pilot and demonstration stages. Considerable developmental work is underway, and new biorefinery concepts are expected to be commercially deployed by 2020. The deployment of biorefineries, based largely on lignocellulosic feedstock, depends on the technical maturity of a range of production processes. The combination of market formation and governmental support for biomass-derived products is one of the important factors in determining the type and rate of biorefinery deployment.

Keywords: Biomass; Biorefinery; Feedstock; Lignocellulosic; Pilot.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF HEAT TRANSFER AND HETEROGENEOUS CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN A BIOMASS PARTICLE DURING PYROLYSIS
Authors: Tanoue Ken-ichiro , Uemura Yoshimitsu , Nishimura Tatsuo , Taniguchi Miki , Sasauchi Ken-ichi
Published: February 2024

Heat transfer and heterogeneous chemical reactions in a biomass particle during pyrolysis were investigated using numerical simulation. The radiation heat transfer through the pores and the secondary tar cracking exhibited considerable effects on the results including the intraparticle temperature profile and the product yields. Time course of the temperature at the center of biomass particle didn’t depend on the lignin content of the biomass. However, the higher lignin content of biomass resulted in the higher yields of tar and solid and the lower yield of gas at the setting temperatures between 673 and 1073 K. The Arrhenius plot of the maximum gas generation rate exhibited two regimes having different activation energies regardless of biomass type. These two regions may be attributed to cellulose and hemicellulose decomposition at lower temperatures and lignin decomposition at higher temperatures, respectively. The maximum gas generation rate depended on the volume of the particle below a certain particle size (3.5 mm), and depended on the external surface area of the particle above 3.5 mm.

Keywords: Lignocellulose; pyrolysis; tar decomposition; thermal conduction; lignin content.
OIL PALM BIOMASS RESIDUE IN MALAYSIA : AVAILABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Aljuboori Ahmad H. Rajab
Published: February 2024

Oil palm plantations cover over 5 million hectares of land in Malaysia. This large area of plantations generates massive amount of oil palm biomass residue. Plantations and mill plants are the main sites of biomass residue generation. Oil palm biomass residue is classified into six types as oil palm frond (OPF), oil palm trunk (OPT), empty fruit bunch (EFB), mesocarp fibre, palm kernel shell (PKS) and palm oil mill effluent (POME). This report presents the generation rates and amounts of each type of biomass residue during the period of 2008 to 2012.

Keywords: Oil Palm Biomass; Oil Palm Frond (OPF); Oil Palm Trunk (OPT); Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB); Mesocarp Fibre; Palm Kernel Shell (PKS); Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)
A REVIEW OF SUPPLY CHAIN OPERATION MODE OF AGRICULTURAL STRAW BIOMASS AND BIOMASS INDUSTRY IN HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE, CHINA
Authors: Wu Jinzhuo , Lin Wenshu , Liu Xi , Sun Yaqi , Peng Xuanyi
Published: February 2024

A stable supply system of straw biomass is critically important to the successful operation of a biomass-based power plant. However, it is noted that the current collection, storage and transportation of crop straws in China have not come to the stage of industrialization, not to mention the establishment of a complete and scientific straw collection system. Therefore, it is critically important to solve these problems that restrict the large-scale development and utilization of biomass energy. In this paper, the basic operation links of agricultural straw biomass supply chain including collection, pre-treatment, transportation and storage, and the current operation modes in China are briefly reviewed. The existing problems that restricted the development of biomass supply industry in Heilongjiang Province, China, are analyzed and some reasonable suggestions are put forward in order to promote the development of bioenergy industry in this province.

Keywords: biomass, storage, collection, operation mode, countermeasures
INVESTIGATION ON THE CONVERSION OF BUTYRIC ACID AS AN INTERMEDIATE FROM BIOMASS INTO PROPYLENE WITH ZEOLITE
Authors: Ikeda Keisuke , Goshima Takashi , Fukudome Kenta , Mizuta Kei , Mitsuyoshi Shuji , Tsutsui Toshio
Published: February 2024

To establish a new production route of biomass-derived propylene, the catalytic conversion of butyric acid which can be obtained by the acid fermentation of molasses was investigated with zeolites, ZSM-5, SAPO-11and SAPO-34. Using SAPO-11 as the catalyst, butyric acid is converted to propylene at high yields. The yield for propylene was at the maximum value of 58.8 C% at 723 K, with the ratio of propylene to gaseous hydrocarbon products increased up to 90.4 C%.

Keywords: butyric acid, propylene, catalytic conversion, zeolite, SAPO-11
Oil Production from Kraft Lignin via Thermochemical Liquefaction using Ru/Aly(SiO4)x Catalyst
Authors: Olutola O. Bob Soile , Taiwo Oladele Owoyokun
Published: February 2024

Thermochemical liquefaction of Kraft lignin using Ru/Aly(SiO4)x catalyst produced oil at 300, 350 and 375°C under 40 atm. hydrogen, 40 atm carbon monoxide, inert 40 atm. N2 atmosphere and under vacuum (20 mmHg). The effect of temperature and atmospheric condition on carbon based yield(%yield), carbon based conversion( %conversion), mass of carbon and hydrogen recovered as oil (%CHR), H/C and O/C atomic ratio of oil parameters were studied. %yield (94.30±0.05), carbon based conversion (75.60±0.01) and %CHR (60.50±0.05) were highest at 375 °C under vacuum. ANOVA showed that all the parameters at different atmospheres and only %yield, %conversion and %CHR at different temperatures varied significantly. Oil of best quality was obtained at 375 °C under vacuum.

Keywords: Kraft lignin, Thermochemical, Liquefaction, Reductants, ANOVA
Selective Removal of Saturated Fatty Acid Methyl Ester from Biodiesel Fuel by Hot Water Treatment
Authors: Kusakabe Katsuki , Ezaki Masato , Nishida Masumi
Published: February 2024

The present study investigated the selective removal of saturated fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) from biodiesel fuel by water washing. Complete transesterification of palm oil was achieved at 60 oC for 1 hour in the presence of a KOH catalyst. Water washing treatment of the synthesized crude biodiesel was carried out at 30-70 oC to remove saturated FAME selectively. When the ratio of saturated FAME to unsaturated FAME in the palm oil based biodiesel became the minimum value at the washing temperature of 50 oC, the minimum temperature of the cloud point was 6 oC.

Keywords: Transesterification, saturated fatty acid methyl ester, washing treatment, cloud point
Co-Production of Biodiesel and Activated Carbon from Rubber Seed
Authors: Kusakabe Katsuki , Ezaki Masato , Akiyoshi Kouta , Kawano Yoshitsugu , Michida Wataru , Guan Guoqing , Yamada Yusuke , Uemura Yoshimitsu , Yusup Suzana
Published: February 2024

A co-production process of biodiesel and activated carbon from rubber seed was proposed. Biodiesel was synthesized by in-situ transesterification of the oil extracted from rubber seed in n-hexane. Although the rubber seed contained a large amount of free fatty acids (FFA), the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield reached 98 % after 15 min-reaction due to the low extraction of FFA from the rubber seed in n-hexane. Co-carbonization of the rubber seed residue after the in-situ transesterification and the crude glycerin containing KOH improved the pore properties of activated carbon product, such as BET surface area and pore volume. As a result, the resulting activated carbon indicated methylene blue adsorption ability.

Keywords: Biodiesel, Rubber seed, Activated carbon, Transesterification, Carbonization
Isolation and Characterization of Biohydrogen Producing Bacteria from Rice Bran with Optimization of Different Parameters
Authors: Chaudhary Ankita , Thakur Veena , Jadhav S.K. , Quraishi Afaque
Published: February 2024

Biohydrogen is a renewable source of energy and is an alternative to the traditional fuels because of its less harmful impact on the environment. Anaerobic mixed fermentative biohydrogen production was carried out using rice bran as the substrate, a byproduct of the rice milling industry. A total of six bacterial sp. were isolated and screened, out of which bacterial sp. B1 and B6 were selected for further biochemical characterization and for parameters optimization. Pretreatment of the substrate was carried to make production more rapid and efficient. The effects of Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT), temperature and pH were studied. The maximum biohydrogen production was 112 ml at 48 hours of Hydraulic Retention Time, 92 ml production at 35 oC and 180 ml at initial pH 8. The co-culture of inoculum B1 and B6 was efficient in biohydrogen production.

Keywords: Biohydrogen, Displacement method, Pre-treatment, Rice bran
Analytical Study On Prevention And Detection Of Financial Cybercrime And Frauds Using Transaction Pattern Generation Tool
Authors: Dr. Narendra Sharma  , Krishna Annaboina
Published: February 2024

E-commerce is a vital sales avenue for multinational businesses in today's technology environment. Due to the fast growth of e-commerce, credit card sales have increased. Unfortunately, criminals have profited from credit card theft. The discovery of safety faintness in standard credit card dispensation schemes has increased credit card theft, costing billions of dollars yearly. Modern credit card thieves are agile and use cutting-edge tactics. Global fraud complicates credit card issues for banks and other financial businesses. Many techniques, such as First Virtual, Cyber Cash, and SET, are employed to avoid financial cybercrime. Although customers and businesses rarely use these systems, they are very secure. These models protect our online transactions, but they cannot prevent fraud if a customer's credit card information is physically lost or falls into the wrong hands. The study is distinctive in that it uses data mining, statistics on one stage for modeling portion. Effort detailed in thesis necessity be beneficial to academics; in particular, a literature review of data mining techniques is an effort to offer a roadmap for the researchers to explore and choose the best data mining approach before putting it into practice. Additionally, building additional financial applications benefits from an considerate of the role data mining plays in detecting economic misconduct.Although the programme was developed with online transactions in mind, cardholders can also use it for offline transactions.
Influence of Clinical and Demographic Variables 0n the Quality of Life in Patients with Cervical Cancer
Authors: Jilani Heena , Shaikh Fouzia , Khatoon Ambrina , Siddiqui Rafia Bilquees
Published: February 2024

Background: Cervical cancer remains a significant public health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where it disproportionately affects women's quality of life (QoL). Understanding the impact of clinical and demographic variables on the QoL of patients with cervical cancer is crucial for improving care and support strategies.
Objective: This study aims to assess how clinical and demographic factors influence the QoL of Pakistani women diagnosed with cervical cancer, comparing these findings against established benchmarks for both healthy individuals and those with malignancies.
Methods: Conducted at a leading cancer centre in Pakistan from April to September 2022, this cross-sectional study involved 186 women with histopathologically confirmed cervical cancer, identified through a population-based cancer database. QoL was evaluated using the Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 (Version 3.0) questionnaire, encompassing functional scales, symptom scales, single-item scales, and a global health status score. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, applying logistic regression to identify factors significantly associated with QoL outcomes.
Results: The median global health status score for enrolled patients was 50.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 33.3 - 66.7], significantly lower than the reference values for healthy females (58.0 [IQR 41.3 - 82.7]) and those with any malignancy (71.0 at age 55). Functional scale scores indicated compromised physical (65.7 [IQR 60.0 - 75.0]) and social (67.7 [IQR 56.0 - 100]) functioning. Symptom scale scores revealed high levels of pain (84.3 [IQR 65.7 - 84.3]) and fatigue (78.8 [IQR 55.7 - 88.7]). Regression analysis highlighted age and education level as significant predictors of physical health outcomes.
Conclusion: The study underscores the profound impact of cervical cancer on the QoL of Pakistani women, with age and education level emerging as key determinants. These findings call for tailored interventions to address the specific needs of this patient population, emphasizing the need for early detection and comprehensive support services.
Functional Outcome of Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (Pfna) in Proximal Femur Fracture
Authors: Zahoor Hafeez Ur Rehman , Khatana Naveed Hussain , Iqbal Saad , Mahmood Usman , Ahmed Shahrukh , Laeeque Osama
Published: February 2024

Background: The Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA) has become a cornerstone in managing proximal femur fractures, offering varied outcomes across different studies. The technique's success, particularly in achieving acceptable reduction, stable fixation, and minimizing complications, significantly hinges on the precise understanding and execution of the implant's entry point.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PFNA in treating proximal femur fractures within a tertiary care setting, focusing on patient outcomes post-surgery.
Methods: The study enrolled patients aged 18-60 years, of any gender, presenting with proximal femur fractures reported within two weeks of the injury. All participants underwent PFNA within three days of admission for definitive fracture fixation. The Harris Hip Score was utilized to assess functional outcomes at final follow-up, categorizing results into excellent, good, fair, and poor.
Results: Among the 125 patients, the mean age was 50.63 ± 8.36 years, comprising 55 (44%) males and 70 (56%) females. Functional outcomes were predominantly positive, with 47 (37.6%) achieving excellent, 21 (16.8%) good, 16 (12.8%) fair, and 14 (11.2%) poor outcomes. Statistical analysis revealed significant correlations between functional outcomes and several factors: age (p<0.001), gender (p<0.001), Body Mass Index (BMI) (p<0.001), comorbidities (p<0.001), fracture type (p<0.001), and injury mechanism (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The majority of patients treated with PFNA for proximal femur fractures experienced excellent functional outcomes, underscoring the procedure's effectiveness within the study's demographic. The significant associations between outcomes and patient-specific factors highlight the need for tailored surgical approaches.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding Patient’s Perioperative Pressure Injury Prevention among the Operating Room Personnel of Medical Teaching Institutions, Peshawar
Authors: Ullah Shaheed , Hassan Itizaz , Ahmad Israr , Sulaiman Muhammad , Sajjad Zarafshan , Hidayat Noman
Published: February 2024

Background: Pressure injuries (PIs), particularly perioperative pressure injuries (ORPIs), pose significant challenges in patient care, leading to increased morbidity, extended hospital stays, and elevated healthcare costs. Despite established guidelines, the incidence of ORPIs remains a concern, underlining the need for improved prevention strategies within the operating room setting.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding perioperative pressure injury prevention among operating room personnel in medical teaching institutions in Peshawar, Pakistan, to identify knowledge gaps and areas for intervention.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted over four months, from June to October 2023, involving 264 operating room personnel from three major medical teaching institutions in Peshawar. Participants included nurses, surgeons, and surgical technicians/technologists. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and the KoboCollect mobile application, covering sociodemographic information, and KAP related to perioperative pressure injury prevention. The study employed descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and Pearson correlation coefficients for data analysis, utilizing IBM-SPSS version 27 and Microsoft Excel 365.
Results: The study revealed a mean knowledge score of 66.02% (SD = 18.99), with 44.3% of participants displaying low knowledge levels (<69%). Attitudes towards pressure injury prevention were predominantly positive, with an average score of 78.17% (SD = 10.38). Practice levels were moderate, with an average score of 79.43% (SD = 10.59), and 54.9% of respondents engaging in high-level practices (≥80%). Significant associations were found between knowledge levels and education (p=<0.001), and between practice levels and both age (p=0.01) and professional role (p=0.006).
Conclusion: The study highlights a critical gap in knowledge regarding perioperative pressure injury prevention among operating room personnel, despite positive attitudes and moderately high practice levels. Addressing this gap through tailored educational programs and policy interventions is crucial for enhancing patient care and preventing ORPIs.
Comparison between Tab Tofacitinib and Low-Dose Oral Steroid in Patients Having Vitiligo Over 6 Months
Authors: Fatima Reem , Siddiqui Muhammad Adeel , Ejaz Hassan
Published: February 2024

Background: Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by depigmented patches on the skin, presenting significant treatment challenges. Recent studies have focused on the immunomodulatory effects of tofacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, and the anti-inflammatory properties of low-dose oral steroids, yet comparative data on their efficacy and safety are scarce.
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib tablets with low-dose oral steroids in the treatment of vitiligo over a six-month period.
Methods: This descriptive comparative study involved 42 patients with vitiligo, recruited from the Department of Dermatology at the Combined Military Hospital Abbottabad between November 15, 2022, and November 15, 2023. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either tofacitinib tablets (Group A) or low-dose oral steroids (Group B), with adherence monitored through routine follow-ups. The primary outcome measured was the proportion of repigmentation, assessed using standardized photography and Image software, alongside lesion size reduction and the incidence of adverse events. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25, with p-values ≤0.05 considered significant.
Results: Both groups demonstrated comparable efficacy in terms of repigmentation and lesion size reduction, with no significant difference observed between the tofacitinib (55.8% ± 15.2 repigmentation; 100% lesion size reduction) and low-dose steroid groups (50.2% ± 13.5 repigmentation; 85.71% lesion size reduction) at the 6-month follow-up. The incidence of adverse events was similarly low and statistically non-significant between the two groups.
Conclusion: Tofacitinib and low-dose oral steroids are both effective and safe for the treatment of vitiligo, offering valuable options for patient management. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up is necessary to confirm these findings and evaluate the long-term outcomes of these treatments.
Comparative Efficacy of Liquid Nitrogen versus Vitamin D3 in the Treatment of Cutaneous Warts
Authors: Ilyas Sara , Hussain Majid , Siddiqui Muhammad Adeel , Bushra  , Gul Kiran , Sajjad Daniyal
Published: February 2024

Background: Cutaneous warts, caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), pose both cosmetic and psychological burdens on affected individuals. Traditional treatment options like cryotherapy have been effective but can be invasive and painful. Vitamin D3 emerges as a potential non-invasive alternative, with its immunomodulatory properties suggesting efficacy in wart treatment.
Objective: To compare the efficacy and side effects of liquid nitrogen cryotherapy versus intralesional vitamin D3 in the treatment of cutaneous warts on the hands and feet.
Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Dermatology, CMH Abbottabad, from May to November 2022, with ethical approval obtained from the Ethical Committee (Ref: CMHAtd-ETH-18-DERM-22). Sixty patients diagnosed with cutaneous warts were randomly assigned to either cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen (Group A) or intralesional vitamin D3 (Group B). The primary outcome measured was the percentage reduction in wart size, with treatment efficacy defined as a reduction of 50% or more. Side effects were also recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0, employing chi-square tests for categorical variables, with a p-value of less than 0.05 considered significant.
Results: The mean age was 36.17±11.844 years in Group A and 41.10±12.383 years in Group B. Efficacy rates showed that 90% of patients in Group A and 76.7% in Group B achieved the defined treatment success. Side effects were minimal and similar across both groups, with 13.3% in Group A and 16.7% in Group B experiencing blisters or pain. The difference in treatment efficacy was not statistically significant (p=0.166).
Conclusion: Both liquid nitrogen cryotherapy and intralesional vitamin D3 are effective treatments for cutaneous warts, with minimal side effects. While cryotherapy showed a slightly higher efficacy rate, the substantial success of vitamin D3 makes it a promising alternative for patients. This study contributes to the diversification of treatment modalities available for cutaneous warts, potentially enhancing patient outcomes and satisfaction.
Sexual Dysfunction in Depressed Patients Presenting to Psychiatry Ward/Opd
Authors: Khan Taimur , Fahad Shah , Shakoor Abdul , Shah Ajmal , Shah Sajid Usman
Published: February 2024

Background: Depression is a pervasive mental health issue that significantly affects individuals' quality of life, often accompanied by sexual dysfunction. Previous research has highlighted the complex relationship between depression and sexual dysfunction, but there remains a need for further investigation into their co-occurrence and the impact of treatment modalities on these conditions.
Objective: This study aims to explore the prevalence and severity of sexual dysfunction among depressed patients, examine the correlation between the severity of depression and sexual dysfunction, and assess the effects of different medication regimens on sexual health.
Methods: A descriptive study design was employed, examining 250 depressed patients seeking treatment at the Psychiatry Ward and Outpatient Department of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, from September 2022 to August 2023. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, with inclusion criteria being individuals aged 18 years and above, diagnosed with depression according to DSM-5 criteria. The Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were administered to evaluate sexual dysfunction and depression severity, respectively. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25, employing descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients to analyze the data.
Results: The study found that 48% of participants experienced significant sexual dysfunction in the domain of desire, with 68% of participants having moderate to severe depression. A strong correlation was observed between the severity of depression and sexual dysfunction, with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.65 for desire, 0.72 for arousal, and 0.68 for satisfaction (p<0.001 for all). Medication analysis revealed that 45% of patients on antidepressants, 60% on antipsychotics, and 50% on combination therapy reported sexual dysfunction.
Conclusion: The findings confirm the high prevalence of sexual dysfunction among depressed individuals and its strong association with the severity of depression. The study underscores the necessity of adopting an integrated treatment approach that addresses both depression and sexual dysfunction, highlighting the importance of considering the side effects of psychiatric medications on sexual health.
A Comprehensive Review on Therapeutic Properties of Camel Milk
Authors: Muzamil Muhammad , Irfan Muhammad , Shoaib Muhammad , Ali Tayyaba , Saddiqa Ayesha , Masood Ahmad , Saeed Muhammad Hamza , Huda Noor Ul
Published: February 2024

Background: Camel milk has been traditionally valued for its nutritional and medicinal properties across various cultures. Recent scientific inquiries have illuminated its potential in treating a range of health conditions, including diabetes, autism, allergies, liver and kidney functions, and infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. This has sparked a growing interest in integrating camel milk into health and dietary regimens as a natural therapeutic agent.
Objective: The objective of this review is to systematically examine the therapeutic properties of camel milk, focusing on its application in treating specific diseases, its nutritional composition, and its implications for human healthcare.
Methods: This review synthesized data from various studies that investigated the medicinal benefits of camel milk in treating diseases like diabetes, hepatitis C, autism, allergies, and tuberculosis. The methods involved a comprehensive literature search across several databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, to collect studies that reported on the therapeutic effects, nutritional composition, and health outcomes associated with camel milk consumption.
Results: Findings indicate that camel milk contains unique molecules such as insulin-like proteins, amylase, lactoferrin, and specific enzymes beneficial for managing diabetes, hepatitis C, and allergies. Studies on autistic children showed improvements in antioxidant enzyme levels after camel milk consumption. In tuberculosis patients, camel milk consumption was associated with improved clinical symptoms and increased immunoglobulin levels. The nutritional analysis revealed camel milk's rich composition in essential fats, proteins, lactose, and minerals, highlighting its nutritional value.
Conclusion: Camel milk presents a viable, natural therapeutic option for a variety of health conditions, offering significant benefits in nutritional and medicinal applications. Its integration into dietary practices and healthcare could enhance human health outcomes, particularly in areas where conventional medical resources are scarce or in populations seeking alternative treatments.