bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opuntia fícus-indica [(L) Miller: caracterização física, físico-química e química de frutos produzidos no estado de Pernambuco – Brasil
Authors: Alves Marta Assunção , Souza Paiva Andréa Carla Mendonça de , Andrade Samara Alvachian Cardoso , Guerra Nonete Barbosa
Published: August 2021

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi caracterizar o fruto da palma Opuntia fícus-indica (L.) Miller, em relação aos aspectos físicos, físico-químicos e químicos com a finalidade de conhecer seu potencial tecnológico. As regiões áridas e semiáridas do Nordeste brasileiro apresentam as condições ideais para o desenvolvimento da palma Opuntia fícus-indica (L.) Miller, cujos frutos são extremamente valorizados no mercado internacional. Para que ocorra a exploração frutícola são necessários estudos, principalmente no que diz respeito à fertilidade, produtividade, ponto de colheita e definição de tecnologias pós-colheitas. Neste contexto, foram realizadas as seguintes análises nos frutos - parâmetros físicos (fruto inteiro) e físico-químicos e químicos (polpa homogeneizada). Coloração (casca e polpa), peso dos frutos, das cascas, das polpas sem semente e das sementes; rendimentos; volume do fruto; densidade; número de sementes fecundadas; matéria seca e umidade; pH; sólidos solúveis totais (ºBrix); acidez total titulável; relação SST/ATT; açúcares totais, açúcares redutores e não redutores. Os dados obtidos foram avaliados por meio de análise estatística. Os resultados demonstraram a eficácia dos critérios de colheita utilizados neste estudo para a seleção de figos da índia. No que se referem aos parâmetros físicos, físico-químicos e químicos, os frutos da P2 apresentaram diferença significativa em relação aos da P1 e P3 em relação a ºBrix, pH, açúcares totais e redutores e relação SST/ATT; e ao açúcar não redutor e à espessura da polpa. Os figos-da-índia produzidos no Sertão pernambucano apresentam características de “flavor” tanto para consumo in natura como para a elaboração de diversos produtos alimentícios.
PHARMACOTHERAPY OF PSORIASIS SUPPORT WITH ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME: ABC/VEN ANALYSIS OF ANTI-VIRAL DRUGS
Authors: Hayduchok Ihor
Published: August 2021

The aim was to research the pharmacotherapy of psoriasis with antiphospholipid syndrome based on ABC/VEN analysis of antiviral drugs. The materials of the study were the clinical and pharmacological groups for pharmacotherapy of psoriasis on the background of antiphospholipid syndrome. Regulatory, documentary, marketing, pharmacoeconomic, ABC/VEN research methods were used. Studied the clinical and pharmacological groups of the most drugs INN for basic pharmacotherapy of psoriasis have diagnostic codes of ATC classification L "Antineoplastic and immunomodulatory agents" and code M "Agents affecting the musculoskeletal system". In the article, the results of share of different medical forms of drugs for pharmacotherapy of psoriasis with antiphospholipid syndrome were shown. Matrix of the consolidated ABC-VEN analysis of drugs for pharmacotherapy of psoriasis with antiphospholipid syndrome was developed during the research. Shown the relevance and necessity of the chosen research topic because of a review of the scientific literature on epidemiology and pharmacotherapy. Marketing research of medicines were determined by assortment, country of origin, dosage forms, and registration certificates. Estimated that in the A/E categories, drugs coincide and are in a niche with an affordable share (17.04%). In terms of priority for pharmacotherapy of psoriasis on the background of antiphospholipid syndrome, a matrix of the combined ABC/VEN analysis was developed. The results of the study provide an opportunity to make administrative and managerial decisions in determining the pharmacotherapy of psoriasis with antiphospholipid syndrome to improve the use pharmaceutical provision for patients with systemic autoimmune diseases.
Repensando la Agresión entre Adolescentes: Una Revisión de la Teoría de Estrategias de Control de Recursos en Latinoamérica
Authors: Franco Chalco Eduardo
Published: August 2021

La Teoría de Control de Recursos es un planteamiento con un poco más de 20 años en la literatura de la psicología del desarrollo. Esta sugiere que los seres humanos desplegamos estrategias coercitivas y/o estrategias prosociales para alcanzar nuestros objetivos sociales. Este marco conceptual ha logrado identificar que la conducta agresiva entre adolescentes es utilizada instrumentalmente para obtener estatus social. Sin embargo, estos estudios son escasos con poblaciones latinoamericanas, por lo que es necesario promoverlos para diseñar intervenciones contextualizadas para la agresión escolar.
Sobre políticas inclusivas en la Educación Superior: marco conceptual
Authors: B´´arcenas Freyre José
Published: August 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer la implementación de la política institucional inclusiva para personas con discapacidad en la universidad en estudio. Para tal efecto se analizó dicha política, los procesos de implementación y el rol de la comunidad educativa en el proceso. Asimismo, se busa aportar al mejoramiento de dicho proceso y promover la cultura inclusiva universitaria. Esto permitirá a los estudiantes con diversidad funcional de la región y el país alcanzar la formación profesional con equidad para poder aportar a la sociedad desde la diversidad.
“Hablo de la gente en el mundo vibrando por una mariposa”: conversando con Rafael Urretabizkaya
Authors: Ponce Hina
Published: August 2021

En mayo de 2021 me contacté por primera vez con Rafael para proponerle este intercambio. Por Facebook y desde San Martín de los Andes respondió, casi de inmediato, para confirmar el encuentro. En estos tiempos pandémicos, la mediatización de la tecnología y de las redes no fueron el escollo sino la posibilidad para encontrarnos. Fue así que, en un ida y vuelta constante de mensajes y ante la inmensa generosidad de Rafael, esta entrevista se materializó. Su obra y su diálogo son cuasi un movimiento centrípeto hacia el cotidiano, pero sobre todo, hacia el afecto. Me encontré ante la escritura de lo mínimo, que es, al mismo tiempo, la invencible.Rafael nació en Dolores, provincia de Buenos Aires, en 1963. Desde 1983 vive en San Martín de los Andes, en cuyos alrededores ha dejado andar su trabajo de docente y de escritor. Ha publicado diferentes géneros, entre los que podemos mencionar: Te agarro a la salida (cuentos, 1997); Aimé, en coautoría con Willie Arrúe (novela, 2000, cinco reimpresiones); Tita y Toto (cuentos, 1997); Carlito el carnicero (poesía, 2004 y 2013); Tierras de aventuras, con Emilio Urruty y Silvia Iparraguirre (cuentos, 2004); Teresa (cuento, 2007); Informe sobre aves y otras cosas que vuelan (poesía, 2011, reimpreso en 2014); La ruina (novela, 2013, reeditada en 2019 bajo el título En la ruina); Sarita y ese tipo (novela, 2016); Ñawpa Miní, con grabados de Pedro Hasperué (poesía, 2016); Ñawpa Guasú (poesía, 2017); Vendrá un centro (poesía, 2018); y Vairoleto Pechito libertario (teatro de títeres, 2018).A raíz de la investigación en el marco del desarrollo de mi proyecto doctoral, la entrevista se guió en torno a la lectura, como no al asedio, de la obra En la ruina. La novela camina por una serie de temas que se van tejiendo sin solaparse: de lado a lado, tenemos la alegría, la migración, la comunidad, lo diario que se imbrica con lo testimonial, con el relato oral, con la poética que nace del territorio vivido y que posee un espesor temporal y espacial. En ella los personajes principales construyen y reconstruyen el hogar, y ante las peripecias de sus viajes, siguen siendo “amigos a todo trapo” como dice el autor.
Trazos, huellas, rastros, archivo: cuando la vida y la ficción se encuentran
Authors: Dalmagro María Cristina
Published: August 2021

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Assessment of Two Engineering Courses in Architectural Engineering Program in UAE University Based on the Comparison of the Students Results with the Students and the Instructors Opinions
Authors: Khoukhi Maatouk
Published: August 2021

The present study examined the level of outcome satisfaction of two main engineering courses taken by students in the Architectural Engineering department (AE) by evaluating the students’ satisfaction result (SR), the attained level of the students’ opinions (SO), and the instructors’ opinions (IO). The AE program in United Arab Emirates University is one of the departments in the College of Engineering accredited by the Engineering Accreditation Commission of ABET which provides assurance that a College or University program meets the quality standards of the profession for which that program prepares graduates. The AE program offers a wide range of engineering courses at different levels from sophomore level to senior level. All the engineering courses are mainly prerequisites to the Capstone Engineering Design Project which builds on the outcomes of all courses to perform detailed design and cost estimates of the selected alternative solutions to a well-defined engineering problem. The two courses considered in this study are Building Electrical Circuits and Building Acoustics and Lighting. New assessment parameters which are the student course outcome satisfaction coefficient (SCOSC) and the mean absolute deviation around a central point (AMD) have been introduced in this paper. These two parameters are calculated based on the comparison of the students’ satisfaction results with both students’ opinions and insructors’ opinions, and compare the mean absolute deviations of the students’ direct results with the students’ opinions and the instructors’ opinions, respectively. Indeed, the course learning outcomes (CLOs) of the SR of some sections for both courses show higher attainment compared with the SO and IO.
The Perceptions of Students Learning Turkish as a Foreign Language Towards "Writing in Turkish"
Authors: Başkan Ahmet , Özkan Erdost
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to determine the perceptions of students who learn Turkish as a foreign language towards "writing in Turkish." The study was conducted using the phenomenology pattern, one of the qualitative research methods. The study sample consisted of one hundred seventy-five (175) students who were from two state universities in Turkey and learned Turkish as a foreign language in the 2019-2020 academic year. The study data were collected using an online form, and the participant students were asked to complete the statement in the form as follows: "Writing in Turkish is like ……, because ……………". As a result of the research, the students generated one hundred and eleven (111) valid metaphors about "writing in Turkish." Ninety (90) of them were positive, and 21 were negative. The categories with the highest number of positive responses were as follows: "Writing in Turkish: an Enjoyable Task" (n: 20), "Writing in Turkish: an Improving Task" (n: 17), "Writing in Turkish: a Similar Task" (n: 13) and "Writing in Turkish: an Achievable Task" (n: 12). The category with the most negative responses was the "Writing in Turkish: a Difficult Task" (n: 12).
Factors That Influence English Teachers’ Acceptance and Use of E-Learning Technologies
Authors: Al-Anezi Yousif H. , Alajmi Salem M.
Published: August 2021

The world has witnessed a major pandemic that has threatened the status of education across the globe. Such a crisis highlights the importance of education technology, which has not been an influential part of Kuwait’s education until the onset of COVID-19. Delays and interruptions of the academic year disrupted the lives of many students around the world, including Kuwait. Since e-learning technologies are not traditionally used in Kuwaiti higher education, this study aims to investigate the acceptance of technology and whether that has changed with the pandemic. It seeks to find useful strategies that could assist teachers in effectively using electronic distance-learning digital resources. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) has been developed to investigate the degrees of usage and acceptance of technology. This paper adopts an improved model that also includes the educational experience of teachers, in an attempt to understand the context of Kuwaiti higher education. Therefore, this quantitative study examines the use and acceptance of educational technologies of English language instructors in higher education.

The study uses an online survey among 33 English language instructors at the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training (PAAET) to also account for the perceptions and experiences of the teachers. The results revealed an overall high acceptance level of educational technology, with varying degrees of implementation.
The Virtual Learning Resource Center for the Digital Manpower
Authors: Wannapiroon Panita , Nilsook Prachyanun , Kaewrattanapat Nutthapat , Wannapiroon Naphong , Supa Wera
Published: August 2021

This research aims to develop the models of Virtual Learning Resource Center (VLRC) for the digital manpower. The results of the research are that: 1) The VLRC development process consists of 5 steps: requirements analysis, planning and designing, prototyping and testing, implementing and monitoring, and evaluation and reporting. 2) The VLRC for the digital manpower consists of two models: 2.1) the physical learning resource, which is a physical space that the learner can actually touch. It can be divided into 5 categories: location-based learning resources, human-based learning resources, material-based learning resources, equipment-based learning resources, and event-based learning resources; and 2.2) the digital learning resource, which is a virtual space that learners can access through information and communication technology tools. It can be divided into 5 categories: search engine and translator’s tools, management and storage tools, distance learning tools, content creation, presentation and dissemination tools, social networking and online learning communities’ tools. 3) The goals of VLRC development are learning to know, learning to do, learning to live together, and learning to be.
Optymalizacja podatkowa z wykorzystaniem umów
sprzedaży niematerialnych praw majątkowych i umów
licencji
Authors: Brzeziński Marcin
Published: August 2021

Celem tej publikacji naukowej jest analiza dopuszczalnych metod optymalizacji podatkowej z wykorzystaniem
niematerialnych praw majątkowych. Omawianymi sposobami są: optymalizacja poprzez sprzedaż praw niematerialnych
wytworzonych w ramach wspólnych organizacji oraz zastosowanie umów licencji. W obu przypadkach
zostały przedstawione sposoby wraz z omówieniem podając przykłady i metody przedsiębiorców stosujących
wymienione rozwiązania. Zostały ukazane wymierne korzyści z wykorzystania określonych sposobów oraz potencjalne
zagrożenia, takie jak kwestionowanie zasadności wartości transakcji czy wartości wysokości honorarium.
Środki pieniężne pochodzące z zaniżenia kwoty
zobowiązania podatkowego w podatku od towarów
i usług jako przedmiot opodatkowania w podatku
dochodowym od osób fizycznych
Authors: Smalej Adrian , Wadełek Karol
Published: August 2021

Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza problemu związanego z opodatkowaniem podatkiem dochodowym
od osób fizycznych środków pieniężnych pochodzących z zaniżenia kwoty zobowiązania podatkowego w podatku
od towarów i usług. W tym celu na wstępie artykułu dokonano przybliżenia istoty zobowiązania podatkowego w
podatku od towarów i usług, zaś w dalszej części rozważono, jakie konsekwencje podatkowe w podatku dochodowym
implikuje nienależyte wykonanie zobowiązania podatkowego w podatku od towarów i usług.
A Team-Based E-Learning Method for Clinical Education in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hashemikamangar Sedighe Sadat , Gholampourdehaki Mehrzad
Published: August 2021

Background: Following the emergence of the new coronavirus pandemic, e-learning seemed to be the first and best alternative to classroom-based medical education. The Learning Management System (LMS) is a key infrastructure requirement for the provision and progression of e-learning. Objectives: This brief report is about a team-based e-learning method for clinical education in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A novel e-learning protocol was implemented for the instruction of knowledge-based part of practical operative dentistry course to third- and fourth-year dental students in NAVID LMS, and their satisfaction levels were evaluated. Results: More than 90% of the students mentioned that the method encouraged them to learn new topics and created a joyful learning experience for them. More than 80% reported that the method decreased their anxiety for learning practical topics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: Implementation of such a team-based e-learning method can greatly help in the instruction of clinical topics.
Effects of Four Weeks of Concurrent Taekwondo Plus Resistance Training on Post-exercise Blood Biomarkers of Physiological Stress in Previously-Trained Individuals
Authors: Lewis Mathunjwa Musa , Djarova Trayana , Shaw Ina , Shaw Brandon Stuwart
Published: August 2021

Background: Various training protocols have been used in combat sports, including Taekwondo (TKD), to rapidly improve performance and to avoid injury by balancing the exercise intensity and the athletes’ metabolic tolerance and hormonal response. However, little is known about such metabolic responses in previously-trained individuals. Objectives: To investigate the effects of a concurrent TKD plus resistance (RT) training program on post-exercise blood biomarkers of physiological stress in previously-trained individuals. Methods: Twenty-eight (16 males: 12 females) previously-trained individuals aged 20 - 26 years were matched by gender and randomly divided into either moderate- to vigorous-intensity exercising group (MODG) or a high-intensity exercising group (HIG). The MODG performed TKD training at a target training intensity of 55 - 70% (weeks 1 - 2) and 70 - 85% (weeks 3 - 4) maximum heart rate (HRmax) and RT training for four sets of 10 - 15 repetitions for each of the 13 whole-body RT exercises. The HIG performed TKD training at a target training intensity of 85 - 100% (weeks 1 - 2) and 95 - 100% (weeks 3 - 4) HRmax and RT training for five sets of 10 - 15 repetitions for each of the 13 whole-body RT exercises. A structured taekwondo tasks (sTT) test was conducted before and after the training period. Results: Significant post-exercise improvements were found for total testosterone (P = 0.02), free testosterone (P = 0.01), C/T ratio (P = 0.03) and lactate (P = 0.03) in the mixed gender HIG. With regards to the specific gender effects, post-exercise improvements were found in S-CPK in the male MODG and HIG, with improvements in uric acid only in the male HIG. In turn, post-exercise improvements were found for total testosterone, testosterone binding globulin, free testosterone in the female MODG and HIG, with post-exercise improvements in S-CPK and uric acid in the female HIG only. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that even a short period of concurrent taekwondo and resistance training improves adaptation and post-exercise responses to physiological stress, and such adaptation may even be more marked in previously-trained female athletes. Thus, this mode of training may provide a novel exercise training modality to rapidly improve an individuals’ capacity to exercise, especially in situations of plateau, while avoiding overtraining and an increased concomitant chance of illness and musculoskeletal injury.
The Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training and Coenzyme Q10 on the Expression of Hepatic IRS-2 and SREBP1 Proteins in Obese Male Rats
Authors: Ghiasi Sonia , Bashiri Jabbar , Pourrazi Hassan , Pouzesh Jadidi Roghayeh
Published: August 2021

Background: Obesity contributes to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance (IR). In contrast, exercise and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) have been recommended to assist glucose control and IR. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and COQ10 supplementation on hepatic IRS-2 and SREBP1 proteins in obese male rats. Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats after an obesity induction period were randomly assigned to six groups, including non-obese control (NOC), baseline obese control (BOC), CoQ10, HIIT, HIIT + CoQ10, and control. NOC and BOC groups were sacrificed at the beginning of the study period. After 12 weeks of intervention consisting of HIIT program (2 min running at 85% - 90% speed max interspersed with 2 min running at 45% - 50% speed max, 5 sessions per week) and/or CoQ10 supplementation (gavage-fed 500 mg.kg-1) protein content of hepatic SREBP1 and IRS-2 were measured by western blot analysis. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and two-way ANOVA at P < 0.05. Results: Comparison between non-obese and obese control groups indicated a significant difference in weight and Lee index (P < 0.001). Obesity induction elevated hepatic SREBP1c, while reduced IRS-2 protein content (P = 0.0001). Moreover, HIIT decreased hepatic SREBP1 level (P = 0.007), whereas increased IRS-2 content (P = 0.0001). However, CoQ10 supplementation had no significant effect on SREBP1 and IRS-2 (P > 0.05), and no interaction between treatments (HIIT×CoQ10) was observed (P > 0.05). Conclusions: HIIT positively regulates hepatic proteins involved in hepatic IR. However, CoQ10 has no effect on proteins involved in hepatic IR implication that its effect on glucose regulation and IR does not seem to be mediated by SREBP1 and IRS-2 proteins.
Effectiveness of Educating Program on Knowledge, Attitude, and Performance of Primary School Teachers Toward Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Derakhshanpour Firoozeh , Azarakhsh Maryam , Vakili Mohammad Ali , Ahmadabadi Somayeh
Published: August 2021

Background: Teachers are regarded to have a key role in the diagnosis, referral, implementation, and follow-up interventions and treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the teachers’ knowledge, attitude, and function related to ADHD and evaluate the effectiveness of a training program in this regard. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on teachers in the elementary schools of Gorgan, Iran, in 2014. A total of six one-day workshops were held. In each workshop, 24 teachers were trained about ADHD for 4 h. Teachers’ knowledge, attitude, and function were assessed before, immediately after the workshops, and 2 weeks later. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA), repeated-measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results: The results revealed that older (P < 0.05) and more experienced teachers (P < 0.05), those working at public schools (P < 0.001), and teachers without higher education (P < 0.05) had significantly lower levels of knowledge and less positive attitude toward children with ADHD. In addition, differences between the mean scores before and after the intervention for knowledge (P < 0.001) and attitude (P < 0.001) were statistically significant. Conclusions: Training teachers could improve the teachers’ knowledge and attitude toward ADHD. Workshop education appears to be an effective and efficient training method that can decrease the awareness gap between teachers with different experiences and education levels.
Radioprotective Effects of Allium jesdianum Extract on Reduction of Pancrease Damages Following γ-Radiation through Down-regulation of Apoptotic Genes, Antioxidants Regulation, and Suppression of Inflammatory Markers
Authors: Roshankhah Shiva , Salehi Zahabi Saleh , Gholami Mohammad Reza , Abdolmaleki Amir , Salahshoor Mohammad Reza
Published: August 2021

Background: Allium jesdianum (AJ), as a plant in onion category, has antioxidant features. Moreover, γ-ray potentially generates oxidative stress in living organisms. Objectives: In this study, the probable therapeutic effects of AJ on destruction of pancreas tissue following γ-ray were evaluated. Methods: Sixty-four mature NMRI mice (8 animals in each group) were assigned to eight groups as follows: (1) Control; (2) γ-ray (dose rate of 1 Gy/min); (3-5) AJ extract (500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg); and (6-8) AJ + γ-ray. AJ extract was prepared, and all administrations were applied orally for 70 consecutive days. Antioxidant parameters (nitrite oxide, peroxidation, and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP)), the expression of apoptotic genes (p53 and Bax, by quantitative real-time PCR), and blood concentrations of glucose and insulin were determined biochemically and genetically. Inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by ELISA technique. The number and diameter of Langerhan islets were also studied histologically. Results: In this study, γ-ray increased the levels of all parameters significantly (except for FRAP, insulin, and morphometric parameters, which were reduced) in the γ-ray group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In the γ-ray and AJ + γ-ray groups, all factors were reduced significantly (except for FRAP, insulin, and morphometric parameters, which were increased) compared to the γ-ray group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Administration of AJ extract can decrease the damage and radiosensitization in pancreatic cells induced by γ-ray.
Association Between Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Talebian Ahmad , Soltani Babak , Aghadoost Dawood , Azadbakht Javid , Rezaee Alireza , Abbasy Zahra
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), also known as pseudotumor cerebri, is a rare neurological manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Case Presentation: In this case study, we present a 10-year-old girl with headache, diplopia, bilateral sixth nerve palsy, and papilledema following a history of seven days of fever about two weeks ago. In lumbar puncture, the opening pressure was 56 cmH2O. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was normal. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was suggestive of IIH. Nasopharyngeal reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was positive for COVID-19. Oral acetazolamide was prescribed, and the patient improved completely after three weeks of continuous medical treatment. Conclusions: Since IIH is a rare neurological complication of COVID-19, we have to suspect COVID-19 infection in any patient with IIH.
Identification of a mathematical model for a single-shaft power-generating GTE
Authors: Tarelin Anatoly , Lyutikov Alexander , Annopolska Iryna
Published: August 2021

The design and development processes of gas turbine engines rely on the usage of mathematical models representing the physics of engine functioning processes. One way of increasing the validity of a mathematical model is its identification based on engine test results. The identification of mathematical models of modern power-generating gas turbine engines (GTEs) presents a demanding and time-consuming task due to the necessity to identify the main controlled engine parameters determined in the course of experimental studies depending on a large number of the parameters that are not controlled during the experiment. In this regard the actual direction of reducing the labour intensity of the process of mathematical model identification is using identification program complexes. The object of the study was to solve the problem of structural-parametrical identification of the power-generating GTE functioning model detailing the turbine flow path calculations to the level of blade rows in order to obtain the GTE mathematical model that describes the characteristics of a real engine with given accuracy. To achieve the objective, the following problems were solved: variable parameters, controlled parameters and characteristics, ranges of their variations were selected from the total number of the mathematical model input data, the objective functions were defined; the task of the parametric identification according to the results of bench tests through GTE operating modes was performed; analytical approximating dependences for correcting coefficients (variable parameters) were obtained; structural-parametric identification of the mathematical model was performed. The novelty of the obtained results is the identification of the mathematical model of the nonlinear component GTE of the second level performed without model linearization (without its level lowering) by using the Optimum software packages. The methodological approach for the parametric identification of the mathematical model is proposed. This approach allows reducing the number of variable parameters under the modes lower that the maximum. It shows that the identified model allows obtaining the prediction results of the GTE parameters and characteristics through operating modes with a deviation of no more than 1.4% from the experimental data and, therefore, it will allow reduction of terms and an increase in the quality of power unit development.
A calculated determination and experimental refinement of the optimal value of the single-phase induction motor transformation ratio
Authors: Iegorov Oleksiy , Iegorova Olga , Miroshnyk Oleksandr , Cherniuk Artem
Published: August 2021

Keywords: Induction motor, windings, phase-shifting capacitor, efficiency, positive and reverse sequence currents

Induction motors consume almost 70% of the world’s electricity as they are the driving force behind the vast majority of rotary mechanisms [1]. For industrial and domestic purposes alone, about a million new electric motors are commissioned annually. Single-phase induction motors (SPIMs) are superior to all other types of electrical machines that operate on a single-phase AC voltage network because of their simple and robust design and low cost. Therefore, a small improvement in the SPIM energy performance can have a strong impact on energy consumption worldwide and ultimately reduce emissions of harmful substances into environment. This article presents a technique for optimizing SPIM windings in order to maximize efficiency with a given and fixed phase-shifting capacitor. The positive effect of the application of the proposed method is confirmed by the results of SPIM industrial tests with various powers and rotor speeds.
A Logical Theory of Causality
Authors: Bochman Alexander
Published: August 2021

A general formal theory of causal reasoning as a logical study of causal models, reasoning, and inference.

In this book, Alexander Bochman presents a general formal theory of causal reasoning as a logical study of causal models, reasoning, and inference, basing it on a supposition that causal reasoning is not a competitor of logical reasoning but its complement for situations lacking logically sufficient data or knowledge. Bochman also explores the relationship of this theory with the popular structural equation approach to causality proposed by Judea Pearl and explores several applications ranging from artificial intelligence to legal theory, including abduction, counterfactuals, actual and proximate causality, dynamic causal models, and reasoning about action and change in artificial intelligence.

As logical preparation, before introducing causal concepts, Bochman describes an alternative, situation-based semantics for classical logic that provides a better understanding of what can be captured by purely logical means. He then presents another prerequisite, outlining those parts of a general theory of nonmonotonic reasoning that are relevant to his own theory. These two components provide a logical background for the main, two-tier formalism of the causal calculus that serves as the formal basis of his theory. He presents the main causal formalism of the book as a natural generalization of classical logic that allows for causal reasoning. This provides a formal background for subsequent chapters. Finally, Bochman presents a generalization of causal reasoning to dynamic domains.
Form and Flow
Authors: Goh Kian
Published: August 2021

An examination of urban climate change response strategies and the resistance to them by grassroots activists and social movements.

Cities around the world are formulating plans to respond to climate change and adapt to its impact. Often, marginalized urban residents resist these plans, offering “counterplans” to protest unjust and exclusionary actions. In this book, Kian Goh examines climate change response strategies in three cities—New York, Jakarta, and Rotterdam—and the mobilization of community groups to fight the perceived injustices and oversights of these plans. Looking through the lenses of urban design and socioecological spatial politics, Goh reveals how contested visions of the future city are produced and gain power.

Goh describes, on the one hand, a growing global network of urban environmental planning organizations intertwined with capitalist urban development, and, on the other, social movements that themselves often harness the power of networks. She explores such initiatives as Rebuild By Design in New York, the Giant Sea Wall plan in Jakarta, and Rotterdam Climate Proof, and discovers competing narratives, including community resiliency in Brooklyn and grassroots activism in the informal “kampungs” of Jakarta. Drawing on participatory fieldwork and her own background in architecture and urban design, Goh offers both theoretical explanations and practical planning and design strategies. She reframes the critical concerns of urban climate change responses, presenting a sociospatial typology of urban adaptation and considering the notion of a “just” resilience. Finally, she proposes a theoretical framework for designing equitable and just urban climate futures.
The Distance Cure
Authors: Zeavin Hannah
Published: August 2021

Psychotherapy across distance and time, from Freud's treatments by mail to crisis hotlines, radio call-ins, chatbots, and Zoom sessions.

Therapy has long understood itself as taking place in a room, with two (or more) people engaged in person-to-person conversation. And yet, starting with Freud's treatments by mail, psychotherapy has operated through multiple communication technologies and media. These have included advice columns, radio broadcasts, crisis hotlines, video, personal computers, and mobile phones; the therapists (broadly defined) can be professional or untrained, strangers or chatbots. In The Distance Cure, Hannah Zeavin proposes a reconfiguration of the traditional therapeutic dyad of therapist and patient as a triad: therapist, patient, and communication technology.

Zeavin tracks the history of teletherapy (understood as a therapeutic interaction over distance) and its metamorphosis from a model of cure to one of contingent help. She describes its initial use in ongoing care, its role in crisis intervention and symptom management, and our pandemic-mandated reliance on regular Zoom sessions. Her account of the “distanced intimacy” of the therapeutic relationship offers a powerful rejoinder to the notion that contact across distance (or screens) is always less useful, or useless, to the person seeking therapeutic treatment or connection. At the same time, these modes of care can quickly become a backdoor for surveillance and disrupt ethical standards important to the therapeutic relationship. The history of the conventional therapeutic scenario cannot be told in isolation from its shadow form, teletherapy. Therapy, Zeavin tells us, was never just a “talking cure”; it has always been a communication cure.
Bright Galaxies, Dark Matter, and Beyond
Authors: Yeager Ashley Jean
Published: August 2021

How Vera Rubin convinced the scientific community that dark matter might exist, persevering despite early dismissals of her work.

We now know that the universe is mostly dark, made up of particles and forces that are undetectable even by our most powerful telescopes. The discovery of the possible existence of dark matter and dark energy signaled a Copernican-like revolution in astronomy: not only are we not the center of the universe, neither is the stuff of which we're made. Astronomer Vera Rubin (1928–2016) played a pivotal role in this discovery. By showing that some astronomical objects seem to defy gravity's grip, Rubin helped convince the scientific community of the possibility of dark matter. In Bright Galaxies, Dark Matter, and Beyond, Ashley Jean Yeager tells the story of Rubin's life and work, recounting her persistence despite early dismissals of her work and widespread sexism in science.

Yeager describes Rubin's childhood fascination with stars, her education at Vassar and Cornell, and her marriage to a fellow scientist. At first, Rubin wasn't taken seriously; she was a rarity, a woman in science, and her findings seemed almost incredible. Some observatories in midcentury America restricted women from using their large telescopes; Rubin was unable to collect her own data until a decade after she had earned her PhD. Still, she continued her groundbreaking work, driving a scientific revolution. She received the National Medal of Science in 1993, but never the Nobel Prize—perhaps overlooked because of her gender. She's since been memorialized with a ridge on Mars, an asteroid, a galaxy, and most recently, the Vera C. Rubin Observatory—the first national observatory named after a woman.
The Digital Environment
Authors: Boczkowski Pablo J. , Mitchelstein Eugenia
Published: August 2021

Understanding digital technology in daily life: why we should think holistically in terms of a digital environment instead of discrete devices and apps.

Increasingly we live through our personal screens; we work, play, socialize, and learn digitally. The shift to remote everything during the pandemic was another step in a decades-long march toward the digitization of everyday life made possible by innovations in media, information, and communication technology. In The Digital Environment, Pablo Boczkowski and Eugenia Mitchelstein offer a new way to understand the role of the digital in our daily lives, calling on us to turn our attention from our discrete devices and apps to the array of artifacts and practices that make up the digital environment that envelops every aspect of our social experience.

Boczkowski and Mitchelstein explore a series of issues raised by the digital takeover of everyday life, drawing on interviews with a variety of experts. They show how existing inequities of gender, race, ethnicity, education, and class are baked into the design and deployment of technology, and describe emancipatory practices that counter this—including the use of Twitter as a platform for activism through such hashtags as #BlackLivesMatter and #MeToo. They discuss the digitization of parenting, schooling, and dating—noting, among other things, that today we can both begin and end relationships online. They describe how digital media shape our consumption of sports, entertainment, and news, and consider the dynamics of political campaigns, disinformation, and social activism. Finally, they report on developments in three areas that will be key to our digital future: data science, virtual reality, and space exploration.
Machine Learning
Authors: Alpaydın Ethem
Published: August 2021

A concise overview of machine learning—computer programs that learn from data—the basis of such applications as voice recognition and driverless cars.

Today, machine learning underlies a range of applications we use every day, from product recommendations to voice recognition—as well as some we don't yet use everyday, including driverless cars. It is the basis for a new approach to artificial intelligence that aims to program computers to use example data or past experience to solve a given problem. In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Ethem Alpaydın offers a concise and accessible overview of “the new AI.” This expanded edition offers new material on such challenges facing machine learning as privacy, security, accountability, and bias.

Alpaydın, author of a popular textbook on machine learning, explains that as “Big Data” has gotten bigger, the theory of machine learning—the foundation of efforts to process that data into knowledge—has also advanced. He describes the evolution of the field, explains important learning algorithms, and presents example applications. He discusses the use of machine learning algorithms for pattern recognition; artificial neural networks inspired by the human brain; algorithms that learn associations between instances; and reinforcement learning, when an autonomous agent learns to take actions to maximize reward. In a new chapter, he considers transparency, explainability, and fairness, and the ethical and legal implications of making decisions based on data.
The Politics of Rights of Nature
Authors: Kauffman Craig M. , Martin Pamela L.
Published: August 2021

How Rights of Nature laws are transforming governance to address environmental crises through more ecologically sustainable approaches to development.

With the window of opportunity to take meaningful action on climate change and mass extinction closing, a growing number of communities, organizations, and governments around the world are calling for Rights of Nature (RoN) to be legally recognized. RoN advocates are creating new laws that recognize natural ecosystems as subjects with inherent rights, and appealing to courts to protect those rights. Going beyond theory and philosophy, in this book Craig Kauffman and Pamela Martin analyze the politics behind the creation and implementation of these laws, as well as the effects of the laws on the politics of sustainable development. 

Kauffman and Martin tell how community activists, lawyers, judges, scientists, government leaders, and ordinary citizens have formed a global movement to advance RoN as a solution to the environmental crises facing the planet. They compare successful and failed attempts to implement RoN at various levels of government in six countries—Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, India, New Zealand, and the United States—asking why these laws emerged and proliferated in the mid-2000s, why they construct RoN differently, and why some efforts at implementation are more successful than others. As they analyze efforts to use RoN as a tool for constructing more ecocentric sustainable development, capable of achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development goal of living “in harmony with Nature,” Kauffman and Martin show how RoN jurisprudence evolves through experimentation and reshapes the debates surrounding sustainable development.

The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Arcadia – a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.
Introduction to Urban Science
Authors: Bettencourt Luís M. A.
Published: August 2021

A novel, integrative approach to cities as complex adaptive systems, applicable to issues ranging from innovation to economic prosperity to settlement patterns.

Human beings around the world increasingly live in urban environments. In Introduction to Urban Science, Luis Bettencourt takes a novel, integrative approach to understanding cities as complex adaptive systems, claiming that they require us to frame the field of urban science in a way that goes beyond existing theory in such traditional disciplines as sociology, geography, and economics. He explores the processes facilitated by and, in many cases, unleashed for the first time by urban life through the lenses of social heterogeneity, complex networks, scaling, circular causality, and information.

Though the idea that cities are complex adaptive systems has become mainstream, until now those who study cities have lacked a comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding cities and urbanization, for generating useful and falsifiable predictions, and for constructing a solid body of empirical evidence so that the discipline of urban science can continue to develop. Bettencourt applies his framework to such issues as innovation and development across scales, human reasoning and strategic decision-making, patterns of settlement and mobility and their influence on socioeconomic life and resource use, inequality and inequity, biodiversity, and the challenges of sustainable development in both high- and low-income nations. It is crucial, says Bettencourt, to realize that cities are not “zero-sum games” and that knowledge, human cooperation, and collective action can build a better future.
How to Talk to a Science Denier
Authors: McIntyre Lee
Published: August 2021

Can we change the minds of science deniers? Encounters with flat earthers, anti-vaxxers, coronavirus truthers, and others.

“Climate change is a hoax—and so is coronavirus.” “Vaccines are bad for you.” These days, many of our fellow citizens reject scientific expertise and prefer ideology to facts. They are not merely uninformed—they are misinformed. They cite cherry-picked evidence, rely on fake experts, and believe conspiracy theories. How can we convince such people otherwise? How can we get them to change their minds and accept the facts when they don't believe in facts? In this book, Lee McIntyre shows that anyone can fight back against science deniers, and argues that it's important to do so. Science denial can kill.

Drawing on his own experience—including a visit to a Flat Earth convention—as well as academic research, McIntyre outlines the common themes of science denialism, present in misinformation campaigns ranging from tobacco companies' denial in the 1950s that smoking causes lung cancer to today's anti-vaxxers. He describes attempts to use his persuasive powers as a philosopher to convert Flat Earthers; surprising discussions with coal miners; and conversations with a scientist friend about genetically modified organisms in food. McIntyre offers tools and techniques for communicating the truth and values of science, emphasizing that the most important way to reach science deniers is to talk to them calmly and respectfully—to put ourselves out there, and meet them face to face.
Out of the Cave
Authors: Johnson Mark L. , Tucker Don M.
Published: August 2021

From a philosopher and a neuropsychologist, a radical rethinking of certain traditional views about human cognition and behavior.

Plato's Allegory of the Cave trapped us in the illusion that mind is separate from body and from the natural and physical world. Knowledge had to be eternal and absolute. Recent scientific advances, however, show that our bodies shape mind, thought, and language in a deep and pervasive way. In Out of the Cave, Mark Johnson and Don Tucker—a philosopher and a neuropsychologist—propose a radical rethinking of certain traditional views about human cognition and behavior. They argue for a theory of knowing as embodied, embedded, enactive, and emotionally based. Knowing is an ongoing process—shaped by our deepest biological and cultural values.

Johnson and Tucker describe a natural philosophy of mind that is emerging through the convergence of biology, psychology, computer science, and philosophy, and they explain recent research showing that all of our higher-level cognitive activities are rooted in our bodies through processes of perception, motive control of action, and feeling. This developing natural philosophy of mind offers a psychological, philosophical, and neuroscientific account that is at once scientifically valid and subjectively meaningful—allowing us to know both ourselves and the world.
Sustainably soil management in agroecological transition processes
Authors: León-Duran Mónica , Acevedo-Osorio Álvaro
Published: August 2021

La agricultura industrial en gran escala promueve una explotación intensiva del suelo que puede comprometer su sostenibilidad en el tiempo. Como respuesta, la Agroecología propone una serie de prácticas que devuelven al suelo su capacidad productiva. Esta investigación empleó un marco de análisis sobre sostenibilidad, para identificar indicadores que relacionen el estado y manejo del suelo con las dimensiones física, química y biológica. Fueron seleccionados nueve indicadores de sostenibilidad aplicados en veintitrés fincas con distintas trayectorias en el proceso de transición agroecológica localizadas en Subachoque, Cundinamarca, Colombia. Los sistemas productivos con cinco o más años en transición obtuvieron los valores máximos para ocho de los indicadores evaluados. Se evidencia cómo la agroecología genera cambios en la sostenibilidad del manejo del suelo, asegurando características edáficas apropiadas para mantener su capacidad productiva a través del tiempo