bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eriyik Yığma Modellemesi ile Üretimde Takviyesiz ve Takviyeli PLA Kullanımının Mekanik Özelliklere Etkisinin Araştırılması
Authors: UZUN Mahir , ERDOĞDU Yusuf Eren
Published: December 2020

Son yıllarda eriyik yığma modellemesi (EYM) ilkeleriyle çalışan 3 boyutlu (3B) yazıcıların kullanımı birçok alanda yaygınlaşmıştır. Bu teknoloji sayesinde başta prototipler olmak üzere karmaşık şekilli parçalar dahi kısa sürede ve hassas şekilde üretilebildiğinden çoğu sektörde araştırma geliştirme (AR-GE) çalışmalarının olmazsa olmazı haline gelmiştir. EYM işlemiyle birlikte çevresel kaygıların da etkisiyle doğada çözünümü kolay olan (biyobozunur) polilaktik asit (PLA) filamentlerin kullanımı önemli hale gelmiştir. Bundan dolayı PLA filamentlere çeşitli takviyeler yapılarak bazı özelliklerinin geliştirilmesi ve kullanımının yaygınlaştırılması önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada da takviyesiz, %20 bakır takviyeli ve %20 karbon-fiber takviyeli PLA kompozitler 3B yazıcı ile üretilmiştir. Üretilen numuneler çekme testine ve üç nokta eğilme testine tabi tutularak mekanik özellikleri kıyaslanmıştır. PLA malzemeye bakır ve karbon fiber takviyeler yapmanın çekme ve eğilme dayanımlarını düşürdüğü görülmüştür.
Circadian Rhythm and Concentration of Melatonin in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Ahabrach Hanan , El Mlili Nisrin , Errami Mohammed , Cauli Omar
Published: December 2020

Background:

Melatonin is a biomarker of the central circadian clock and its chronobiotic actions entraining
circadian rhythms to the light-dark cycle are well known. Reduction in melatonin levels and altered circadian rhythms have
been associated with a high risk of breast cancer. Melatonin has also shown to display anti-proliferative effects on breast
cancer growth and proliferation. Evaluation of melatonin circadian rhythm alterations in patients bearing breast cancer may
have interesting prognostic and therapeutic applications.

Objective:

To review studies evaluating the circadian rhythm of melatonin in breast cancer patients. The effects of surgery
and chemotherapy on melatonin secretion were also reviewed.

Methods:

Electronic databases including PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus were searched from their inception to May 2020,
using the keywords "Melatonin", "Circadian rhythm" and "Breast cancer".

Result:

Patients with breast cancer maintain a circadian rhythm of melatonin secretion with relatively high levels during the
night, and low levels during the day however a reduction of nocturnal melatonin peak and decreased amplitude of melatonin
circadian rhythms in these patients have been also reported. Melatonin levels can influence estrogen receptor concentrations
in hormone-dependent estrogen-positive breast cancer. Chemotherapy alters melatonin levels, and breast surgery tends to
alter melatonin secretion at first day post-operation. Melatonin levels correlate with clinical and psychological symptoms of
breast cancer, such as sleep quality and depression severity.

Conclusion:

Circadian rhythm and the concentration of melatonin in blood are altered in patients with breast cancers and it
can modify not only sleep-wake cycle and thus patients’ quality of life but due to melatonin’s antioxidant effects is can
modulated the effect of therapies. Due to the heterogonous protocols used to assess melatonin and variable environmental
factors during sampling, further studies need to control such variables in order to tailor clinical trial based on melatonin
rhythm adjustment and/or supplementation in breast cancer patients.
Calcium Carbonate Microparticles as Carriers of 224 Ra: Impact of Specific Activity in Mice with Intraperitoneal Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Li Ruth Gong , Napoli Elisa , Jorstad Ida Sofie , Bønsdorff Tina Bjørnlund , Juzeniene Asta , Bruland Øyvind Sverre , Larsen Roy Hartvig , Westrøm Sara
Published: December 2020

Background:

Patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer face a poor prognosis because
of recurrent peritoneal cavity metastases following surgery and chemotherapy. Alpha-emitters
may enable the efficient treatment of such disseminated diseases because of their short range
and highly energetic radiation. Radium-224 is a candidate α-emitter due to its convenient 3.6-day
half-life, with more than 90% of the decay energy originating from α-particles. However, its inherent
skeletal accumulation must be overcome to facilitate intraperitoneal delivery of the radiation
dose. Therefore, 224Ra-labeled CaCO3microparticles have been developed.

Objective:

The antitumor effect of CaCO3microparticles as a carrier for 224Ra was investigated,
with an emphasis on the ratio of activity to mass dose of CaCO3, that is, specific activity.

Methods:

Nude athymic mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with human ovarian cancer cells
(ES-2) and treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of 224Ra-labeled CaCO3microparticles
with varying combinations of mass and activity dose, or cationic 224Ra in solution. Survival and
ascites volume at sacrifice were evaluated.

Results:

Significant therapeutic effect was achieved for all tested specific activities ranging from
0.4 to 4.6 kBq/mg. Although treatment with a mean activity dose of 1305 kBq/kg of cationic 224Ra
prolonged the survival compared with the control, equivalent median survival could be achieved
with 224Ra-labeled microparticles with a mean dose of only 420 kBq/kg. The best outcome was
achieved with the highest specific activities (2.6 and 4.6 kBq/mg).

Conclusion:

Radium-224-labeled CaCO3microparticles present a promising therapy against cancer
dissemination in body cavities.
Análisis filogenético de secuencias de Cistein-Proteasas de Tritrichomonas foetus, ¿salto de la barrera de especies?
Authors: Londoño-López Maria Fernanda , González-Corrales Juan Carlor , Rincón-Florez Juan Carlos
Published: December 2020

Objetivos. Realizar un análisis de las secuencias de los genes de las cisteína-proteasas (CP) de Tritrichomonas spp. reportadas en GenBank con el fin de desarrollar un análisis filogenético que ayude a esclarecer la posibilidad de transmisión entre especies. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó el análisis de las secuencias de CP de Tritrichomonas spp. disponibles en GenBank. Las secuencias halladas fueron alineadas, identificando sitios polimórficos. Se determinó el mejor modelo de sustitución nucleotídica y se construyeron árboles filogenéticos por cada gen, usando como grupo externo, Trichomonas vaginalis. Además, se construyeron secuencias en tándem de cada patógeno reportado, para construir árboles filogenéticos de mayor fortaleza en las ramas. Finalmente, se estimó la divergencia evolutiva de las secuencias en tándem. Resultados. El análisis filogenético evidenció la relación que puede existir entre T. suis porcino y T. foetus bovino. Las secuencias de T. foetus felino y bovino se encontraron en grupos separados; sin embargo, las de T. foetus felino fueron similares a las de bovinos de Namibia. También se pudo evidenciar la cercanía de T. foetus humano con T. foetus bovino y porcino. Conclusiones. El análisis filogenético de las secuencias de CP en diferentes especies de Tritrichomonas spp. permitió identificar relaciones entre las Tritrichomonas de bovinos, porcinos y humanos, pero también entre algunas secuencias aisladas de felinos con las de bovinos de Namibia, lo que sugiere la posibilidad del paso de la barrera entre especies.
Встреча людей Средневековья на пороге века Просвещения (князь Куракин и герцог Сен-Симон)
Authors: Eskin Iu. M.
Published: December 2020

“A Meeting Between Two Medieval Men on the Doorstep of the Enlightened Age: Prince Kurakin and the Duc de Saint-Simon”This article reconstructs the cultural context surrounding the meeting between a well-born Russian servitor (Prince B. I. Kurakin) and a French aristocrat (Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon).  As the author demonstrates, notwithstanding their different backgrounds and experiences, these two representatives of the ancien régime shared many things in common, including an avid interest in noble genealogy, honor, and life-writing. These commonly-shared interests formed the basis of a mutually-beneficial relationship, and may even have informed their political and literary activity.
Catherine II as Female Ruler: The Power of Enlightened Womanhood
Authors: Ivleva Victoria
Published: December 2020

This article examines some of the complexities of female rule during the reign of Catherine II (1762-1796). It argues that in addition to the Baroque scenarios of power inherited from her predecessors, the German-born Russian empress employed the cultural roles of an “enlightened” woman of merit – a matriarch, a craftswoman, a house manager, and an educator – roles that projected positive values of womanhood, in order to position her femininity as beneficial to the state and to thereby legitimize her authority as a female sovereign.
Детское Чтение (1785-1789) и Детския Забавы (1792): Рецепция немецкого протестантизма в детских изданиях XVIII в.
Authors: Симанков Виталий
Published: December 2020

This article is focused on Protestantism-related ideas encrypted in children’s literature in eighteenth-century

Russia. The primary focus of the study is on Detskiia Zabavy (1792), a short-story collection that was thought

to be an original Russian book. As this study shows, the book in question is actually a collection of texts

translated from German and French. The bulk of the collection deals with the so-called short didactic stories,

the ideological roots of which have been overlooked and understudied. The author’s findings help to clarify,

among other things, the subject of Pushkin’s parody in his Detskaia Knizhka (1830).
The Impact of Pietist and Anglican Spirituality in Catherinian Russia: Works of St. Tikhon of Zadonsk
Authors: Ivanov Andrey V
Published: December 2020

Impact of Pietism
Los franciscanos vistos por el hombre náhuatl
Authors: Mendirichaga Dalzell José Roberto
Published: December 2020

El libro Los franciscanos vistos por el hombre náhuatl, escrito por el humanista Miguel León-Portilla (1926-2019), apareció publicado por el Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas de la UNAM hace 35 años.
Sampul Depan 29 1 2011
Authors: Puspitasari Santi
Published: December 2020

Sampul Depan 29 1 2011
Sampul Belakang 29 1 2011
Authors: Puspitasari Santi
Published: December 2020

Sampul Belakang 29 1 2011
Sampul Belakang 30 2 2012
Authors: Puspitasari Santi
Published: December 2020

Sampul Belakang 30 2 2012
PENGARUH JUVENILITAS ENTRES TERHADAP KARAKTER TUNAS BIBIT OKULASI DINI TANAMAN KARET
Authors: Admojo Lestari , Prasetyo Nur Eko , Afifah Elya , Hadi Hananto
Published: December 2020

Secara umum, keturunan klonal dari tanaman karet belum tentu menunjukkan performa sesuai dengan ortetnya meskipun sifat genetisnya sama. Hal tersebut terjadi karena entres yang digunakan sebagai sumber batang atas pada perbanyakan klonal tidak lagi memperlihatkan tipe juvenil. Perbaikan juvenilitas bibit antara lain bisa diupayakan melalui penggunaan entres tipe juvenil yang diokulasikan pada batang bawah usia dini. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh juvenilitas entres terhadap karakter tunas bibit okulasi dini. Penelitian disusun secara RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap) dengan 2 perlakuan entres (tipe juvenil dan tipe dewasa). Setiap perlakuan terdiri atas 3 ulangan, dengan masing-masing ulangan menggunakan 10 tanaman. Jenis entres yang digunakan yaitu cabang primer usia muda sebagai sumber mata tunas tipe juvenil dan wiwilan cabang tersier sebagai sumber mata tunas tipe dewasa klon IRR 112. Entres selanjutnya diokulasikan pada batang bawah usia 2,5 bulan. Pengamatan dilakukan pada karakter tunas, yaitu panjang tunas payung I dan payung II, sudut tunas, bobot basah dan bobot kering tajuk-akar, dan rasionya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakter tunas bibit okulasi dini dari kedua perlakuan menunjukkan beda nyata kecuali rasio bobot basah dan bobot kering tajuk-akar. Karakter tunas payung I dan payung II bibit asal mata tunas cabang primer (Juvenile Budding atau JB) nyata lebih panjang dari bibit asal mata tunas cabang wiwilan (Mature Budding atau MB). Sudut tunas bibit JB nyata lebih kecil dari bibit MB. Bobot basah dan bobot kering tajuk-akar bibit JB nyata lebih besar dibandingkan bibit MB. Adapun rasio bobot basah dan bobot kering tajuk akar kedua perlakuan tidak berbeda nyata. Diterima : 2 Januari 2013; Disetujui : 14 Maret 2013 How to Cite : Admojo, L., Prasetyo, N. E., Afifah, E., & Hadi, H. (2013). Pengaruh juvenilitas entres terhadap karakter tunas bibit okulasi dini tanaman karet. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 31(1), 13-19. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/129
PENGGUNAAN LINDI HITAM SEBAGAI BAHAN PELUNAK DALAM KOMPON KARET ALAM
Authors: Cifriadi Adi
Published: December 2020

Sifat fisika vulkanisat dan karakteristik kematangan kompon karet alam yang mengandung lindi hitam dan analisis spektrometri FTIR dari lindi hitam telah dikaji untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan lindi hitam sebagai bahan pelunak. Bahan pelunak jenis aromatik digunakan sebagai bahan pelunak kontrol. Bahan pelunak dari lindi hitam dibuat dengan perlakuan berdasarkan jenis bahan pembasa yang ditambahkan pada lindi hitam serta jumlah kadar padatannya. Hasil pengujian spektrometri FTIR dapat menyimpulkan gugus fungsi yang terikat pada struktur molekul lindi hitam dan hasil interpretasi spektra FTIR menunjukkan bahwa lindi hitam mengandung senyawa cincin aromatik pada struktur molekulnya dan mengandung gugus fungsi –OH, -C-O, serta –C=O. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian karakteristik kematangan kompon menunjukkan bahwa kompon karet yang mengandung bahan pelunak lindi hitam tanpa perlakuan ataupun dengan perlakukan penambahan bahan pembasa NH4OH dan NaOH memiliki waktu masak optimum (t90) dan waktu scorch (t2) yang lebih cepat dari pada kompon karet yang mengandung bahan pelunak kontrol (Minarex).  Hasil pengujian sifat fisika vulkanisat menunjukkan bahwa vulkanisat yang mengandung lindi hitam tanpa perlakuan penambahan bahan pembasa dengan kadar padatan sebesar 60%  memiliki kinerja yang setara dengan vulkanisat yang mengandung bahan pelunak kontrol.    Diterima : 15 Februari 2013; Disetujui : 25 Mei 2013 How to Cite : Cifriadi, A. (2013). Penggunaan lindi hitam sebagai bahan pelunak dalam kompon karet alam. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 31(1), 20-29. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/130
KARAKTERISASI MINYAK JARAK TERHIDROGENASI SEBAGAI BAHAN PELUNAK KARET ALAMI
Authors: Puspitasari Santi , Cifriadi Adi
Published: December 2020

Minyak jarak castor terhidrogenasi diharapkan dapat berfungsi sebagai bahan pelunak karet alami. Bahan pelunak harus memiliki kesesuian yang baik dengan karet agar diperoleh efektivitas pencampuran yang tinggi. Percobaan ini akan mempelajari kinerja dan pengaruh minyak jarak castor terhidrogenasi sebagai bahan pelunak karet alami pada pembuatan kompon karet SIR 20 dan EPDM 6250 terhadap karakteristik vulkanisasi kompon dan sifat fisika vulkanisat karet. Dosis bahan pelunak ditetapkan 10 dan 20 bsk. Kinerja minyak jarak castor terhidrogenasi dibandingkan dengan bahan pelunak komersial golongan parafinik yaitu HVI 60 dan HVI 650. Tahapan dalam percobaan diawali dengan pembuatan kompon, kemudian vulkanisasi kompon dan pengujian sifat fisika vulkanisat karet. Saat pembuatan kompon dilakukan pengamatan terhadap waktu dan konsumsi energi pengkomponan serta persentase kehilangan berat kompon. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa penambahan minyak jarak castor terhidrogenasi mampu menurunkan waktu dan energi pengkomponan serta persentase kehilangan berat kompon. Pengaruh minyak jarak castor terhidrogenasi pada karakteristik vulkanisasi sangat tampak pada penurunan modulus torsi sebagai akibat terputusnya rantai molekul karet. Penambahan minyak jarak castor terhidrogenasi juga menurunkan kekerasan, kekuatan tarik, dan pampatan tetap tetapi meningkatkan perpanjangan putus dan kekuatan sobek baik vulkanisat karet SIR 20 maupun EPDM 6250. Dengan demikian minyak jarak castor terhidrogenasi dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pelunak karet alami terutama dalam pembuatan kompon karet sintetik EPDM. Diterima : 19 Juli 2013; Direvisi : 27 Agustus 2013; Disetujui : 9 November 2013 How to Cite : Puspitasari, S., & Cifriadi, A. (2014). Karakterisasi minyak jarak terhidrogenasi sebagai bahan pelunak karet alami. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 32(1), 65-73. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/152
PENGARUH BERBAGAI JENIS PENGGUMPAL PADAT TERHADAP MUTU KOAGULUM DAN VULKANISAT KARET ALAM
Authors: Handayani Hani
Published: December 2020

Mutu bahan olah karet masih rendah dan bervariasi akibat tidak tersedianya koagulan yang baik sampai ke tingkat petani.  Penggunaan koagulan yang tepat untuk menghasilkan bokar bermutu baik masih belum sepenuhnya dilakukan akibat belum tersedianya koagulan yang mudah didistribusikan, kompetitif dari segi harga, dan tidak merusak mutu karet. Penelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh berbagai jenis penggumpal padat terhadap mutu koagulum dan vulkanisat karet alam. Bahan penggumpal ditambahkan ke dalam lateks kebun berpengawet ammonia pada dosis 7g/kg karet. Lateks yang telah diberi perlakuan dibiarkan menggumpal selama dua minggu, selanjutnya karet digiling dan dikeringkan dalam oven pada suhu 100°C selama 2-3 jam.  Karet kering diuji sifat kimianya (PRI, kadar kotoran, kadar abu, dan kadar zat menguap), setelah itu dibuat vulkanisat dengan resep kompon ASTM 2A. Kompon karet diuji karakteristik vulkanisasinya dengan rheometer, kemudian vulkanisat diuji sifat fisika (kekuatan tarik, perpanjangan putus, modulus 300 % dan kekerasan). Sebagai pembanding digunakan asam format. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan asam organik dan garam anorganik sebagai bahan penggumpal memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan masing-masing. Kombinasi antara bahan asam dengan garam anorganik diharapkan dapat memberikan hasil yang lebih baik sehingga mutu bahan olah karet akan meningkat.  Diterima : 5 Juli 2013; Direvisi : 17 September 2013; Disetujui : 2 Desember 2013 How to Cite : Handayani, H. (2014). Pengaruh berbagai jenis penggumpal padat terhadap mutu koagulum dan vulkanisat karet alam. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 32(1), 74-80. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/153
PENGAWETAN KAYU KARET MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN ORGANIK DENGAN TEKNIK PERENDAMAN PANAS
Authors: Vachlepi Afrizal , Suwardin Didin , Hanifarianty Sherly
Published: December 2020

Kebutuhan kayu terus mengalami peningkatan. Sementara itu, ketersediaan kayu hutan semakin berkurang dan terbatas. Kayu karet dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif pengganti kayu alam. Untuk meningkatkan ketahanan kayu karet dari organisme perusak kayu seperti serangga dan jamur, perlu dilakukan pencegahan dan pengawetan. Penggunaan pengawet kimia diduga mempunyai dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Oleh karena itu perlu alternatif pengawet organik yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Aplikasi bahan pengawet pada kayu karet alam dapat menggunakan teknik perendaman panas. Faktor perlakuan terdiri atas jenis bahan pengawet dan lama perendaman. Bahan pengawet yang digunakan berupa asap cair 5%, ekstrak kunyit 5%, formalin 5% dan boraks 5%. Sedangkan waktu perendaman kayu karet terdiri dari 0 (kontrol), 1, 3, dan 5 jam. Parameter yang diamati yaitu retensi bahan pengawet, penyusutan berat, warna dan derajat proteksi terhadap kerusakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan asap cair sebagai bahan pengawet kayu karet lebih baik dibandingkan ekstrak kunyit. Retensi dan derajat proteksi asap cair sebagai bahan pengawet tidak berbeda dibandingkan dengan bahan pengawet kimia, boraks dan formalin. Penggunaan asap cair hanya akan mempengaruhi warna kayu karet menjadi cokelat muda setelah perendaman. Warna ini akan berubah selama proses penyimpanan menjadi cokelat sangat pucat. Aplikasi terbaik bahan pengawet asap cair adalah perendaman selama 1 jam. Diterima : 12 Maret 2015; Direvisi : 28 April 2015; Disetujui : 7 Mei 2015  How to Cite : Vachlepi, A., Suwardin, D., & Hanifarianty, S. (2015). Pengawetan kayu karet menggunakan bahan organik dengan teknik perendaman panas. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 33(1), 57-64. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/171
PENGUJIAN BIOFUNGISIDA BERBASIS MIKROORGANISME ANTAGONIS UNTUK PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT JAMUR AKAR PUTIH PADA TANAMAN KARET
Authors: Kusdiana Alchemi Putri Juliantika , Munir Misbakhul , Suryaningtyas Heru
Published: December 2020

Penyakit jamur akar putih (JAP) merupakan salah satu penyakit penting di perkebunan karet Indonesia karena dapat menyebabkan kematian tanaman dan kerugian ekonomi yang cukup tinggi. Salah satu usaha pengendalian penyakit JAP adalah pengobatan tanaman sakit dengan menggunakan biofungisida. Tujuan dari pengujian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas biofungisida berbahan aktif beberapa mikroorganisme antagonis terhadap penyakit JAP pada skala laboratorium, rumah kaca, dan lapangan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Balai Penelitian Sembawa mulai Juli 2012 sampai April 2013. Bahan utama yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah formulasi biofungisida yang mengandung cendawan antagonis Trichoderma viridae, T. harzianum, Paecilomyces lilacinus, dan bakteri antagonis Bacillus subtilis. Percobaan terdiri dari tiga kegiatan yaitu pengujian antagonisme formulasi biofungisida terhadap R. microporus di laboratorium dengan menggunakan metode uji ganda, studi efektivitas formulasi biofungisida terhadap penyakit JAP pada bibit karet dalam polibeg klon PB 260 di rumah kaca dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap enam perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yang terdiri dari kombinasi biofungisida + pupuk hayati berbahan aktif mikoriza serta perlakuan fungisida kimia sebagai pembanding, dan studi efektivitas formulasi biofungisida terhadap penyakit JAP pada tanaman karet belum menghasilkan klon PB 260 di lapangan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok sembilan perlakuan dan  tiga ulangan yang terdiri dari beberapa perlakuan biofungisida dan fungisida kimia pembanding. Hasil penelitian di laboratorium menunjukkan biofungisida mampu menekan perkembangan R. microporus dengan rata-rata penghambatan sebesar 57,62%. Pengujian di rumah kaca dengan perlakuan kombinasi biofungisida 100 g dan pupuk hayati 200 g cukup efektif menurunkan intensitas serangan JAP sebesar 5,56% dan mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman yang terlihat dari pertumbuhan akar, tinggi tanaman, dan biomassa kering yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lain. Pengujian biofungisida pada TBM menunjukkan penurunan intensitas serangan penyakit sebesar 18,33% s.d. 23,33% yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan fungisida kimia pembanding dan perlakuan biofungisida 20 g/pohon  memiliki penurunan intensitas serangan penyakit paling tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan biofungisida lainnya. Dari ketiga pengujian menunjukan biofungisida tersebut efektif digunakan untuk mengendalikan penyakit JAP. Diterima : 28 April 2015; Direvisi : 28 Agustus 2015; Disetujui : 10 September 2015 How to Cite : Kusdiana, A. P. J., Munir, M., & Suryaningtyas, H. (2015). Pengujian biofungisida berbasis mikroorganisme antagonis untuk pengendalian penyakit jamur akar putih pada tanaman karet. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 33(2), 143-156. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/179
Sampul Depan 33 2 2015
Authors: Puspitasari Santi
Published: December 2020

Sampul Depan 33 2 2015
IDENTIFIKASI DAN UJI METABOLIT SEKUNDER BANGUN-BANGUN (COLEUS AMBOINICUS) TERHADAP PENYAKIT JAMUR AKAR PUTIH (RIGIDOPORUS MICROPORUS) DI LABORATORIUM
Authors: Dalimunthe Cici Indriani , Sembiring Yan Riska Venata , Andriyanto Mochlisin , Siregar Tumpal HS , Darwis Hilda Syafitri , Barus Diana Alemin
Published: December 2020

Penyakit Jamur Akar Putih (JAP) termasuk penyakit berbahaya ditinjau dari akibat yang ditimbulkannya dan dapat menyebabkan kerugian finansial yang dihitung secara nasional mencapai IDR 300 miliar setiap tahunnya. Pengendalian penyakit dengan memanfaatkan ekstrak bangun-bangun yang berpotensi sebagai antimikroba belum banyak diterapkan di perkebunan karet. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi metabolit sekunder bangun-bangun dan mengetahui persentase penghambatan metabolit sekunder bangun-bangun terhadap penyakit JAP skala laboratorium. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan 2 fakor dan 3 ulangan. Faktor yang digunakan adalah dosis dan pelarut (aseton, n-heksana dan metanol). Komponen yang dianalisis adalah akar dan daun bangun-bangun untuk mengetahui metabolit sekunder yang dihasilkan bangun-bangun melalui identifikasi fitokimia kemudian diekstraksi dengan berbagai pelarut untuk diuji terhadap Jamur Akar Putih (Rigidoporus microporus). Parameter yang diamati yaitu luas pertumbuhan jamur dan persentase penghambatan JAP. Hasil identifikasi fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa akar dan daun bangun-bangun mengandung senyawa flavonoida, glikosida dan saponin. Senyawa ini tergolong dalam kategori senyawa polar dan semipolar sehingga akan mudah diekstraksi dengan menggunakan pelarut polar (aseton). Uji pendahuluan ekstraksi akar dengan berbagai macam pelarut dan dosis menunjukkan interaksi yang berpengaruh nyata. Persentase penghambatan tertinggi terdapat pada ekstrak akar dengan menggunakan pelarut aseton sebesar 98,46% pada dosis 10%. Uji lanjutan hasil fraksinasi dengan menggunakan kertas cakram menunjukkan daya hambat terkuat terdapat pada fraksi n-heksana (14-18,5 cm), fraksi etil asetat (13,5-15,5 cm), dan ekstrak etanol (7-10,5 cm).
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ADITIF BERBASIS MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK KOMPOSIT KARET ALAM
Authors: Purbaya Mili , Hanifarianty Sherly
Published: December 2020

Karet alam memiliki keunggulan yang tidak dimiliki oleh karet sintesis, seperti daya pantul, kuat tarik, ketahanan sobek, ketahanan abrasi, viskoselastisitas, dan fleksibilitas pada suhu rendah. Namun karet alam juga memiliki kelemahan seperti ketahanan terhadap panas, ozon, dan sinar matahari serta ketahanan terhadap minyak, minyak tanah dan pelarut hidrokarbon yang rendah. Kandungan asam lemak tidak jenuh dalam minyak kelapa sawit relatif tinggi, sekitar 37-56 % sehingga minyak kelapa sawit memiliki potensi dikonversikan menjadi asam dimer sebagai bahan utama dalam pembuatan bioelastomer. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan bioelastomer berbasis minyak kelapa sawit dapat meningkatkan nilai torsi maksimum, delta torsi, nilai kekerasan, kekuatan sobek, dan pampatan tetap dari kompon dan vulkanisat karet. Namun penambahan bioelastomer berbasis minyak kelapa sawit dalam kompon karet juga berakibat menurunkan waktu pra vulkanisasi, waktu pemasakan optimum, nilai tegangan putus, perpanjangan putus, ketahanan retak lentur, dan nilai kepegasan pantul. Hasil pengujian ketahanan minyak vulkanisat karet menunjukkan bahwa formula kompon karet  B3 (mengandung 7,5 phr bioelastomer berbasis minyak kelapa sawit) memiliki nilai perubahan massa yang paling kecil sehingga berpotensi dikembangkan menjadi produk barang jadi karet yang tahan terhadap minyak.
Multi-vector Management of Soft Power Policies: Will Russian Soft Power Be Victimized by the Moscow-Erdogan Association?
Authors: Melakopides Costas
Published: December 2020

This article analyzes the potential impact of Turkeys foreign policy on Russias soft power in several regions of the world. The author believes that the policy of President R.T. Erdogan in the Mediterranean, the Middle East and the Aegean Sea can cause significant damage to the image and international prestige of Moscow. The article argues that Russian policy should minimize the toxic impact of R.T. Erdogans foreign policy on Russias soft power in the considered regions.
Simulative Reality as a Challenge for National Identity: Theory and Russian Political Practices
Authors: Titov Victor V.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study is a political and theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of simulated reality, its impact on the transformation of national-state identity, understood as a macro-political construct - an integrated image of us, ours, the dynamics of which are determined both by the logic of development of a specific national political system and by the wide a range of historical and cultural-psychological factors. The author defines a simulated political reality as a multidimensional space of political simulacra in their interaction and transformation. The mobility of the information landscape of modern Russian society leads to the construction of amorphous and unstable identities that do not have a deep value-semantic foundation and are based on emotional and symbolic content. The indicated identities, which are built around a social fashion - virtual communities of interest - successfully compete with the attitudes of Russian national identity and reduce its significance. In particular, this trend characterizes the self-identification of young Russians - representatives of generations of millennials and digital natives. The specifics of the development of the Runets digital space is not the main reason, but in many respects contributes to the devaluation of the image of the past, and also acts as one of the information-psychological drivers of the crisis of the image of the future.
Interpretation of Dejectedness and Insanity in Buddhist Exegetical Treatises
Authors: Ostrovskaya Helena Petrovna
Published: December 2020

The subject of the paper is the moral aspect of interpretations of dejectedness (daurmanasya) and insanity (cittavikṣepa-unmāda) in the treatises Abhidharmakośa-bhāṣya by Vasubandhu (4-5th centuries) and Sphuṭārtha-abhidharmakośa-vyākhyā by Yaśomitra (8th century). Buddhist interpretation of these phenomena is based on the canonical postulate that only corporeal suffering is a karmic retribution (vipāka-phala). Dejectedness is treated by Buddhist exegetics as a peculiar trait of imagination (kalpanā) manifesting in the moment of mental construction of evil projective situations. Dejectedness can be good (kuśala) and evil (akuśala) dependent on personal moral position. Good dejectedness is repentance (kaukṛtya) for an undone good deed or sin done. Opposite to it is evil dejectedness. Insanity is treated as destruction of predicative (abhinirūpana) and mnestic (anusmaraṇa) functions of consciousness. This mental suffering is determined by karma in cases when attempts to destroy others consciousness had place in the past. Karmic retribution in these cases is corporeal suffering, or disbalance of gross elements, and insanity is the consequence of this disbalance.
On the Influence of Translations of Religious and Philosophical Texts of Buddhism on the Literature and Art of Medieval China
Authors: Kosykhin Vitaly G. , Malkina Svetlana M.
Published: December 2020

The era of the Tang dynasty (618-907) was a period of great flourishing of all aspects of Chinese culture, when changes covered the most diverse spheres of philosophy, art and literature. The article examines the role played in this cultural transformation by translations from Sanskrit into Chinese of the religious and philosophical texts of Indian Buddhism. The specificity of the Chinese approach to the translation of Indian texts is demonstrated, when, at the initial stage, many works were translated in a rather free style due to the lack of precisely established correspondences between Sanskrit and Chinese philosophical terms. The authors identify two additional factors that influenced the nature of the translations. Firstly, this is the requirement of compliance with the norms of public, mainly Confucian, morality. Secondly, the adaptation of the Indian philosophical context to the Chinese cultural and worldview traditions, which led to the emergence of new schools of religious and philosophical thought that were not known in India itself, such as Tiantai, Jingtu or Chan, each of which in its own way influenced the art of the Medieval China. Special attention is paid to the activities of the legendary translator, Xuanzang, whose travel to India gave a huge impetus to the development of Chinese philosophy in subsequent centuries, as well as to the contribution to Chinese culture and art, which was made by the translation activities of the three great teachers of the Tang era Shubhakarasimha, Vajrabodhi and Amoghavajra.
Groundlessness of L. Shestov as the Way of Going Beyond the Mind
Authors: Goldberg Daria V.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to identifying the specifics of Russian philosophy through the analysis of F. M. Dostoevsky and L.N. Shestov’s texts. The stylistic features of the two philosophers have been considered, their ways of philosophizing and denying of the cult of reason have been examined. The analysis is carried out using additional literature of French existentialism (were used such philosophers who wrote in similar styles as philosophical essays). To date, there are many researches in which study features of Russian philosophy. It is noted, that one of them are imagery, inseparable connection between philosophy and faith and criticism of rationalism. The excessive cult of reason leads to such problems in the history as the creation of the hydrogen bomb, the environmental crisis and so on. The revolt against reason and the state of groundlessness are a response to the processes of modern rationalization and technocratization, an attempt to go beyond the limits of the usual paradigm, to get out of the closed subjectivity. Thus, it’s necessary to define the limits of the reason and develop a new way of philosophizing, for this reason it is proposed to consider the concept of groundlessness in the philosophy of L.N. Shestov, which makes the attempt to construct a philosophy, avoiding strict logic and excessive rationality.
Time and Enlightenment
Authors: Soboleva Maja
Published: December 2020

The subject of the work's analysis is the phrase Time, forward!. It seems that, on the one hand, this statement can be given a sociological interpretation. In this case, its content is the idea of acceleration and purposefulness of the big, collective time, which dominates the individual and determines his life. On the other hand, referring to Hegel, one can identify the project of Enlightenment behind this phrase. It involves the movement of the spirit from a state of alienation from itself in the object's idea to itself through the achievement of autonomy in the belief of concepts tested by its reflection alone. The socially significant meaning of such a speculative thinking project is to get rid of the despotism of dominant opinions on the path of critical, dialectical, and speculative thinking.
A modéstia e a ostentação no vestuário das mulheres alforriadas na Vila de Pitangui (1750-1820)
Authors: Miranda Ana Caroline Carvalho
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar de forma qualitativa o vestuário das mulheres alforriadas da vila de Pitangui, Capitania de Minas Gerais, Brasil, no período de 1750 a 1820. Através dos inventários post mortem, testamentárias e testamentos, verificamos o valor material e social dos trajes destas mulheres. Devido à representatividade e valor monetário de algumas peças deixadas, constituiu-se, em alguns casos, como herança no momento anterior à morte, doadas às outras forras, às filhas e comadres, como demonstração de afeto e gratidão. Através da investigação, notamos a valorização simbólica que as indumentárias carregavam, os valores culturais e o poderio socioeconômico de quem às vestia. Tratava-se de uma sociedade de Antigo Regime, onde as aparências tinham grande importância e atuavam como marcadores sociais. Desta forma, para as egressas do cativeiro, os trajes poderiam significar uma importante forma de afirmação da liberdade, distanciamento do passado escravista e, ainda, importante diferenciador entre cativos, libertos e livres.
Experiência, infância, linguagem e acontecimento
Authors: Pagni Pedro Angelo , Valerio Raphael Guazzelli
Published: December 2020

O presente estudo se interessa em aprofundar o diagnóstico de Walter Benjamin acerca do empobrecimento da experiência a partir da hipótese biopolítica de Giorgio Agamben. Os dispositivos biopolíticos da modernidade já não permitem a passagem da experiência à linguagem produzindo, deste modo, formas de vida esvaziadas de ética e ação política. A seguir, explora a figura da infância como acontecimento, o que permitiria ao contemporâneo escapar de suas dicotomias constitutivas e, ao arriscar-se num espaço vazio, produzir novamente uma forma de vida ética. O texto divide-se em duas partes e quatro momentos. Na primeira parte é explorado o problema da experiência, de Benjamin até Agamben; aprofunda, logo em seguida, esta problemática com a noção de biopolítica. Na segunda parte, apresentamos a noção de infância como acontecimento, já que ela representaria a entrada do humano na linguagem. Neste movimento de passagem e produção do acontecimento percebemos a possibilidade de construção de uma forma de vida, isto é, uma vida ética.
“A coisa está ficando feia”
Authors: Pureza Fernando Cauduro
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo procura situar a entrada da carne de baleia no mercado brasileiro entre 1960 e 1963. Inicialmente favorecida pela ideia de “novidade”, o produto rapidamente caiu no “desgosto popular” e se tornou símbolo da carestia e da escassez de alimentos no período. Assim, a partir de interpretações relacionando História Social e Antropologia do Consumo, o que pretende se mostrar aqui é que as explicações para a rejeição da carne de baleia como forma complementar da dieta das classes populares devem partir dos sistemas de valores dos sujeitos, relativizando dessa forma as posições de economistas marginalistas ou de nutricionistas do período.
Democracia(s)?
Authors: Chaves Cintya
Published: December 2020

Tomada pelos próprios sujeitos da época como uma referência, as declarações do Sr. José Américo de Almeida ao impresso do Rio de Janeiro, Correio da Manhã, foram celebradas e reproduzidas por atender interesses partidários específicos e inaugurar na imprensa a campanha eleitoral, ainda que velada, por Eduardo Gomes a presidência, da incerta eleição de 1945. Retomamos aqui, esta conhecida entrevista e o Manifesto Mineiro, dentre tantas outras manifestações em prol da abertura política de 1945, tentando perceber quais as concepções empreendidas sobre a noção de democracia por estes atores que se construíram como “democratas”, mas que ao cabo se reuniram sob a sigla partidária da União Democrática Nacional (UDN). Não se trata de considerar se a partir de 1945 o Brasil vivenciou ou não uma democracia, afinal há uma historiografia que já bem ressaltou o caráter democrático deste período como nossa primeira experiência; mesmo em meio as contradições autoritárias. Mas sim de refletir sobre alguns dos marcos produzidos sobre aquele momento e principalmente entender como os sujeitos definiram e manejaram compreensões sobre o conceito de democracia.
Os novos contornos do antissemitismo, a construção de imaginários pela mídia no Brasil e a escrita da História
Authors: Molina Ana Heloisa , Ragusa Helena
Published: December 2020

As recentes ondas de ataques antissemitas e de discursos negacionistas, ainda que com mais força no contexto europeu e norte-americano, reverberou e vem ecoando na vida pública brasileira, principalmente no ambiente da Web 2.0. Nosso objetivo é analisar os frequentes episódios de negação da Schoá e de hostilidade e ameaça a grupos que, como os judeus, tornaram-se alvos de ódio e racismo nas diversas plataformas digitais e redes sociais existentes. Para tanto, recorremos aos autores que em seus estudos atentam-se ao uso do termo antissemitismo e a complexidade sobre ele ao lidar com o conceito nos diferentes tempos e espaços por onde transitam suas análises. Somamos a isso as noções trazidas por Bronislaw Baczko (1985) em torno dos imaginários sociais, de modo a compreender o passado que remete ao fenômeno do antissemitismo e os novos contornos que na atualidade se fazem sentir e que, conforme veremos aqui, não passam despercebidos.
A beginner's guide to low-coverage whole genome sequencing for population genomics
Authors: Lou Runyang Nicolas , Jacobs Arne , Wilder Aryn , Therkildsen Nina Overgaard
Published: December 2020

Low-coverage whole genome sequencing (lcWGS) has emerged as a powerful
and cost-effective approach for population genomic studies in both model
and non-model species. However, with read depths too low to confidently
call individual genotypes, lcWGS requires specialized analysis tools
that explicitly account for genotype uncertainty. A growing number of
such tools have become available, but it can be difficult to get an
overview of what types of analyses can be performed reliably with lcWGS
data and how the distribution of sequencing effort between the number of
samples analyzed and per-sample sequencing depths affects inference
accuracy. In this introductory guide to lcWGS, we first illustrate that
the per-sample cost for lcWGS is now comparable to RAD-seq and Pool-seq
in many systems. We then provide an overview of software packages that
explicitly account for genotype uncertainty in different types of
population genomic inference. Next, we use both simulated and empirical
data to assess the accuracy of allele frequency estimation, detection of
population structure, and selection scans under different sequencing
strategies. Our results show that spreading a given amount of sequencing
effort across more samples with lower depth per sample consistently
improves the accuracy of most types of inference compared to sequencing
fewer samples each at higher depth. Finally, we assess the potential for
using imputation to bolster inference from lcWGS data in non-model
species, and discuss current limitations and future perspectives for
lcWGS-based analysis. With this overview, we hope to make lcWGS more
approachable and stimulate broader adoption.
A family of theta-function identities based upon Rα,Rβ and Rm-functions related to Jacobi’s triple-product identity
Authors: Chaudhary Mahendra
Published: December 2020

We establish a set of two new relationships involving R?,R? and Rm-functions,
which are based on Jacobi?s famous triple-product identity. We, also provide
answer for an open problem of Srivastava, Srivastava, Chaudhary and Uddin,
which suggest to find an inter-relationships between R?,R? and Rm(m ? N),
q-product identities and continued-fraction identities.
Formulas involving sums of powers, special numbers and polynomials arising from p-adic integrals, trigonometric and generating functions
Authors: Kilar Neslihan , Simsek Yilmaz
Published: December 2020

The formula for the sums of powers of positive integers, given by Faulhaber
in 1631, is proven by using trigonometric identities and some properties of
the Bernoulli polynomials. Using trigonometric functions identities and
generating functions for some well-known special numbers and polynomials,
many novel formulas and relations including alternating sums of powers of
positive integers, the Bernoulli polynomials and numbers, the Euler
polynomials and numbers, the Fubini numbers, the Stirling numbers, the
tangent numbers are also given. Moreover, by applying the Riemann integral
and p-adic integrals involving the fermionic p-adic integral and the
Volkenborn integral, some new identities and combinatorial sums related to
the aforementioned numbers and polynomials are derived. Furthermore, we
serve up some revealing and historical remarks and observations on the
results of this paper.
Closed formulas for special bell polynomials by Stirling numbers and associate Stirling numbers
Authors: Qi Feng , Lim Dongkyu
Published: December 2020

We derive two explicit formulas for two sequences of special values of the
Bell polynomials of the second kind in terms of associate Stirling numbers
of the second kind, give an explicit formula for associate Stirling numbers
of the second kind in terms of the Stirling numbers of the second kind, and,
consequently, present two explicit formulas for two sequences of special
values of the Bell polynomials of the second kind in terms of the Stirling
numbers of the second kind.
Pemanfaatan Flywheel Magnet Sepeda Motor dengan 8 Rumah Belitan sebagai Generator pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro
Authors: Wijayanto Ari , Asy'ari Hasyim , Supardi Agus
Published: December 2020

Listrik merupakan salah satu kebutuhan primer untuk kehidupan manusia sehingga diperlukan suatu pembangkit tenaga listrik. Pembuatan pembangkit listrik tenaga mikrohidro ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya keluaran yang mampu dihasilkan oleh flywheel magnet sepeda motor yang dilakukan pengujian di Waduk Botok, Mojodoyong, Kedawung, Sragen, Jawa Tengah dan sekaligus memanfaatan energi terbarukan secara optimal terutama air. Pemanfaatan aliran sungai di Waduk Botok untuk Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro ini menggunakan kincir air tipe overshot. Desain kincir air dibuat sedemikian rupa agar dapat memutar flywheel magnet secara maksimal, karena kincir air digunakan sebagai penggerak awal. Sistem pembangkit ini memanfaatkan flywheel magnet sepeda motor sebagai pembangkit listrik, kemudian diubah menggunakai inverter, sehingga menghasilkan keluaran tegangan AC. Daya yang dihasilkan flywheel magnet dengan debit air sebesar 0,017016 (m3/s) dengan kecepatan air 3 m/s mampu memutar flywheel magnet asli dan flywheel magnet modifikasi dengan kecepatan putar flywheel magnet rata-rata 750 rpm. Daya DC yang dihasilkan flywheel magnet saat dipasang beban lampu maksimal 22 watt flywheel magnet asli menghasilkan daya DC sebesar 12,8 watt dan flywheel magnet modifikasi sebesar 12,4 watt, sedangkan daya AC yang dihasilkan flywheel magnet saat dipasang beban lampu maksimal 22 watt flywheel magnet asli mampu menghasilkan daya AC sebesar 11,3 watt dan flywheel magnet modifikasi sebesar 11,9 watt.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Health Care Personnel about Medical Waste Management in Selected Family Health Centers in Mansoura, Egypt
Authors: Mohamed Hanan Hamed , Abd El-Kader Rabab Gad , Ibrahim Adel Al-Wehedy
Published: December 2020

Background: Inadequate management of medical waste is a serious problem in many developing countries due to the risks arising to human health and the environment. The study aim was to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of the health care personnel about the medical waste management in the selected family health centers in Mansoura, Egypt. Design: Cross-sectional study approach was utilized. Cluster random sample was used in selecting the family health centers, the health care personnel working in the selected centers were the participant. Knowledge of health care providers was assessed by structured questionnaire. Observation checklists was used to assess their practice and Likert scale questionnaire to assess their attitude. Results: showed incorrect knowledge and improper practices related to different issues handling wastes of chemicals, pressurized containers and radioactive materials in addition, the duration of storage waste among the health care personnel and more than half (57.5%) of them had satisfactory attitude. Conclusion: physician and pharmacists had a good knowledge about waste management while most of them had unsatisfactory practice. Nurses had a satisfactory practice and most of the health care workers had satisfactory attitude towards safe waste management. Recommendations: development of in-service training program in relation to awareness and practices of waste disposal for all health care staff, with continuous monitoring at regular intervals. In addition to written policies or clear guidelines of waste management should be available at the family health centers.