bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Centripetális és centrifugális erők az Európai Unióban
Authors: Szapáry György
Published: December 2021

A 21. század gazdasági válságai kihívás elé állították az Európai Unió egységességét. A kezdeti erős centripetális erőket új, nem várt centrifugális erők kezdték elgyengíteni. Vajon mit hoz a jövő az Európai Unió számára? Hogy tud szembenézni a nem várt kihívásokkal? A jelenleg legfontosabb megosztó, széthúzó erők az EU-n belül a tömeges migráció kezelése, az EU költségvetése körül kialakult viták, az egységes külpolitika hiánya és a szuverenitás versus föderalizmus kérdése. Az esszé ezeket a kérdéseket veszi sorba, ugyanis nem létezhet erős, befolyásos, egységes Európa a migrációs válságra minden tagország által elfogadott megoldás nélkül, egy jobban összehangolt költségvetési és külpolitika nélkül, valamint a nemzetállamok szuverenitását biztosító kimondott és egységesen elfogadott értelmezés nélkül. Ezek a témák valószínű még éveken át megosztó, centrifugális erőként fogják nehezíteni az európai integráció előre vitelét, de szükséges ezekről beszélni, hogy fel lehessen ismerni a legfontosabb teendőket.
Reflexiók – Gottfried Péter „Gondolatok az euro magyarországi bevezetése időzítésének dilemmájáról” esszéjére
Authors: Terták Elemér
Published: December 2021

Gondolatok az euro magyarországi bevezetése időzítésének dilemmájáról címmel jelent meg Gottfried Péternek, a Magyar Nemzeti Bank (MNB) Monetáris Tanácsa tagjának esszéje a Hitelintézeti Szemle 2021. évi szeptemberi számának Jövőképünk című rovatában. E válaszcikk az esszé érveit és következtetéseit egészíti ki. Az euro bevezetése feltételeinek teljesítéséről az Európai Bizottságnak (EB) és az Európai Központi Banknak (EKB) kétévente legalább egyszer jelentést kell tennie Európai Unió működéséről szóló szerződés1 140 (1) bekezdése szerint a Tanácsnak. Gottfried Péter esszéje azonban tudatosan nem erről szól, hanem arról fogalmaz meg fontos gondolatokat, hogy ha hazánk már teljesítette a feltéteket, akkor mikor és milyen más feltételek teljesülése esetén érdemes a csatlakozás tekintetében vállalt kötelezettségének eleget tenni. Két ok miatt is időszerű ezen elgondolkodni: egyfelől az EU-ba nálunk később belépett Horvátország és talán még Bulgária is rövidesen csatlakozik az euroövezethez, s ezzel öt országra csökken a kívül maradó országok száma, másfelől viszont Svédország hazánknál kilenc évvel korábban vált az EU tagjává, azonos kötelezettsége van az euro bevezetésére, lényegében minden csatlakozási kritériumot teljesít, mégsem tervezi belátható időn belül az eurót bevezetni. Emellett azért is időszerű az elemzés, mert immár két évtizedes távlatból értékelni lehet és kell, hogy az euro mennyiben váltotta be a hozzáfűzött reményeket, illetve az Egyesült Királyságnak – a Gazdasági és Monetáris Unió (GMU) elmélyítésének belső „ellenzékének” – a távozása miként befolyásolja a GMU jövőjét.
Klímaváltozás a tőkepiacokon: aktívan kezelt zöldkötvény-alapok vizsgálata
Authors: Németh-Durkó Emilia , Hegedűs Anita
Published: December 2021

Jelen tanulmányban egy nyilvános adatbázisokból elérhető zöldkötvény-portfólió teljesítményelemzését végeztük el a 2017 és 2020 közötti időszakra. Kutatásunk célja a zöld prémium létezésének empirikus bizonyítása volt, melyet kockázattal korrigált mutatószámokkal, azaz a Sharpe-rátával, az M2-mutatóval és a Sortino-rátával igazoltunk. A zöld prémium az a hozamkülönbség, amely a zöld- és a konvencionális pénzügyi eszközök között mérhető. Szakirodalmak szerint a befektetők hajlandóak lemondani 1–9 bázispontú hozamról a klímacélok finanszírozásának érdekében, hogy a kibocsátó a zöldkötvények minősítésével és a jelentési kötelezettséggel járó extraköltségeit fedezzék. Eredményeink megerősítették, hogy a zöldkötvény-portfólió átlagosan 2 bázispontú zöld prémiummal teljesíti alul a benchmark-indexeket. Mindössze egyetlen olyan zöldkötvény-alapot találtunk, amelyikben nincsen zöld prémium, és képes kockázattal korrigált többlethozam elérésére. Megjegyezzük ugyanakkor, hogy a zöldkötvények átlagos teljesítménye a vizsgált időszakban évről évre javult az alkalmazott mutatók mindegyike szerint.
A vállalatikötvény-piac gazdasági szerepének növekvő jelentősége
Authors: Bécsi Attila , Bognár Gergely , Lóga Máté
Published: December 2021

A vállalati kötvények szerepe globálisan felértékelődött az elmúlt évtizedben, mivel ideális pénzügyi eszközök mind a kibocsátó vállalatok forrásszerkezetének diverzifikálásában, mind pedig a befektetők portfóliójának kezelésében. Egy kellően fejlett és likvid vállalatikötvény-piac jótékony hatással van a gazdaság piaci mechanizmusainak érvényesülésére, átláthatóságára, valamint erősítheti a pénzügyi rendszer válságállóságát is. Több tanulmány is rámutatott arra, hogy a vállalatok finanszírozásának kérdése a cégek normális működésén túl a válságkezelésben is kiemelten fontos, mivel egy krízist övező bizonytalanság negatív hatással van a bankhitelezés likviditására, megnehezítve a vállalati forrásbevonási lehetőségeket. Ilyen helyzetben létfontosságú tehát, hogy a társaságok egyéb finanszírozási formákra is támaszkodni tudjanak. A 2008–2009-es gazdasági válságot követően ezt felismerve számos ország jegybankja is kötvényvásárlási programot indított annak érdekében, hogy támogatni kezdje a vállalati kötvények piacának szélesítését. A Magyar Nemzeti Bank (MNB) Növekedési Kötvényprogramjának (NKP) köszönhetően már a hazai vállalatikötvény-piac is a vállalatok széles köre számára kínál a bankhitelek melletti reális finanszírozási alternatívát.
Az ingatlanok statisztikai értékbecslését támogató központi adatbázis létrehozásának kérdése
Authors: Grosz Gabriella , Herbert Evelyn , Izsák Gábor , Szász Katinka
Published: December 2021

Az ingatlanfedezetek értékbecslése a hitelezési folyamatok egyik régóta létező, de napjainkban egyre inkább dinamikusan fejlődő területe, melynek keretében a helyszíni szemlét alapul vevő értékbecslések helyett mindinkább elterjedtté válik a statisztikai alapú értékbecslések alkalmazása. Ennek jogszabályi feltételeit az elmúlt évben az európai és hazai szabályozás módosításai is megteremtették, azonban a módszer valódi széleskörű felhasználásához, működőképességéhez, a kapott értékbecslések pontosságához meg kell teremteni a hozzáférést az ingatlanokat érintő – részletes, pontos, naprakész és rendszeresen ellenőrzött – adatokhoz is. Mivel a hazai ingatlanokra vonatkozóan jelenleg elérhető adatbázisok rendkívül széttagoltak, ezért tanulmányunkban egy olyan központi adatbázis létrehozását javasoljuk, melyben egységesen és naprakészen állnak rendelkezésre az adatok, a jelenlegi, különálló adatbázisok összehangolásával. Egy ilyen adatbázis segítené a piacon az egyenlő versenyfeltételek megteremtését, költséghatékony, gyors és megbízható módon lenne képes automatizálni az adatátadást. Ez nagyban elősegítené a statisztikai alapú értékbecslések elterjedését, támogatva a digitalizáció további térnyerését, a banki verseny erősítését, a gyorsabb ügyintézést és a hitelezés költségeinek csökkenését minden szereplő oldalán.
The analysis of structural fatigue under cyclic temperature loads
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Lesnyak I. Yu. , Sokolovskiy Z. N. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Gavrilenko S. V. ,   Omsk State Technical University
Published: December 2021

A problem has been identified related to deformations of aircraft structures operating in the extreme north and orbital objects in near-earth orbits under conditions of cyclic alternating temperature loads. The formulation of the problem of studying the deformations of materials of structures operating under conditions of cyclic alternating temperature loads using the theories of cyclic strength, low-cycle fatigue and crack resistance is presented. It is assumed that at 16 revolutions of an orbital object around the Earth (the number of temperature loading cycles n ≥ 1,2105 ), cracking occurs or the size of existing cracks increases to a critical size from low-cycle fatigue. Linear deformations of the body material of the International Space Station are determined, taking into account heating from solar radiation and cooling, while in the shadow of the Earth. A hypothesis has been put forward that, under conditions of cyclic temperature loads, the maximum effect on the material endurance is exerted by the calculated ones: the amplitude of the stress cycle, the maximum stress of the cycle and the range of stress fluctuations in the cycle, both separately and jointly. Comparative analysis of the results of calculating the stresses under cyclic temperature loading according to 3 hypotheses showed that the values of the calculated stresses are the closest to the maximum cycle stress or to the cycle stress amplitude.
Highly efficient electric drive with vision system for traction applications in heavy tracked vehicles
Authors:   South Ural State University, Kholodilin I. Yu. , Korzhov A. V. ,   South Ural State University, Grigoriev M. A. ,   South Ural State University, Khokhlov Yu. I. ,   South Ural State University, Savosteenko N. V. ,   South Ural State University
Published: December 2021

A new type of electric motor as a traction drive DET400 based on a field regulated reluctance machine (FRRM) provides high energy efficiency and high specific torque. A comparison is made between FRRM and various types of traction electric drives. The issues of designing the FRRM are considered, the geometric parameters of the electric machine are optimized to achieve the maximum specific indicators. To expand the functionality and ensure operational safety, it is proposed to introduce computer vision into the electronic control system. As a result, the FRRM is designed for traction applications based on the real requirements of a Russian-made crawler tractor.
Research of vibrations of vertical component of cutting force during turning
Authors:   Tyumen Industrial University, Artamonov E. V. , Voronin V. V. ,   Tyumen Industrial University, Pomigalova T. E. ,   Tyumen Industrial University
Published: December 2021

A method for localizing bands of vertical component of the cutting force in time spectrum during metal turning has been established. The method for determining the source of spectral components is based on the windowed Fourier transform. The powers of the spectral components of vibration signals at different cutting speeds in especially sensitive frequency ranges are compared.
IGNIS, INCENDIUM, FORTUITUS CASUS – D. 19, 2, 9, 3 I OPASNOST ŠTETE OD POŽARA KOD LOCATIO FUNDI
Authors: Karlović Tomislav
Published: December 2021

The paper discusses the issues of the contents and the significance of Ulpian’s text D. 19, 2, 9, 3 within a wider context of allocation of risk in lease agreements and the place of fire, conflagration (incendium) among the different forms of vis maior in Roman legal sources. Considering the problem of subsequent impossibility of performance in locatio conductio (rei), D. 19, 2, 9, 3 stands out as the one mentioning periculum in relation to locatio fundi, however, it is burdened by different interpretations. The analysis in the article starts with the D. 19, 2, 9, 3 and then continues setting it in the context of other related texts in which the Roman jurists dealt with the problem of fire in lease agreements. The conclusion is drawn on the probable changes in the text as well as on the function of the term fortuitus casus in the line of the texts dealing with fire. It emphasizes the connection between fire (ignis) and conflagration (incendium) marked by the words fortuitus casus, which would show a differentiated approach to incendium as a form and an example of vis maior.
Statistical and causal factors analysis of accidents at oil refining and petrochemical industry of Russia and Kazakhstan
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Fedorov A. V. , Ospanov K. K. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Lomaev E. N. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Aleshkov A. M. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Mintsaev M. S. ,   Grozny State Oil Technical University named after Academician M. D. Millionshchikov
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Every year, at the facilities of the oil refining and petrochemical industries of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan, emergency situations occur with the emissions of dangerous substances, fires and explosions leading to human casualties, major material damage to the economy and ecology of regions and states. To reduce the number of accidents at the facilities under consideration, first of all, it is necessary to determine the primary source - the cause of which the emergency occurred. Goals and objectives. The main aim is analysis of annual quantitative changes in the number of accidents and their consequences, identification of the main cause-and-effect relationships of accidents. Methods. To obtain the results, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used: analysis, synthesis, generalization, which were based on the provisions of the theory of systems, information theory. The results of the study. An assessment of the frequency of occurrence of fire-hazardous events, their cause-and-effect relationships was carried out by means of an analytical review of accidents that have already occurred at the facilities of the oil refining and petrochemical industry of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2015-2019. Conclusions. The analytical review of the statistics of emergency events at the facilities of the oil refining and petrochemical industry in Russia and Kazakhstan for 2015-2019 showed no tendency to reduce both the number of accidents and their consequences. The predominant types of accidents occurred were fires and explosions, the main fatally damaging factor for people was thermal burns. Main causes of accidents and their antecedent factors of development were determined. The results of the study provide a clear picture of the problems that exist at the facilities of the oil refining and petrochemical industry of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. It was shown that open technological installations of NNP facilities are the most dangerous and allow us to imagine, simulate and consider scenarios for the development of an emergency situation at this type of installations. Keywords: accident, analysis, fire, explosion, damage, depressurization, risk, statistics
Studying of some dangerous factors of the initial stage of fire in residential premises with the use of modern technical means
Authors:   D. I. Mendeleev Russian University of Chemical Technology, Anosova E. B. , Kaziev M. M. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Shushpanov A. N. ,   D. I. Mendeleev Russian University of Chemical Technology, Litvinenko A. G. ,   D. I. Mendeleev Russian University of Chemical Technology
Published: December 2021

Introduction. An experimental installation with data logging based on the Arduino platform was developed to implement the approach used in modeling the spread of fire hazards in small rooms. The values of the heat flow from the convective column of the combustion center in the initial stage of the fire for a residential building with a predominant cellulose load were determined using obtained device according to the zone model of the fire. Goals and objectives. The purpose of this work is to create a compact device that allows us to quickly assess the development of fire hazards over time at the initial stage of their occurrence and to hold experiments at objects comparable in size to real fragments of buildings and premises. Methods. An experiment with the use of the field test method of fire hazard testing and an assumption about the possibility of using the developed device in testing the dynamics of the spread of fire hazards in rooms with a cellulose fire load was conducted. It is based on the data about the zonal modeling of the spread of fire hazards using modern technical means. Results and discussions. Experimental studies seem to be a necessary part of the forecast of the spread of fire hazards in residential premises. Field fire tests, which refer to tests of fragments of buildings and structures that are close in size to real objects, are able most accurately convey the conditions that occur in apartments and private homes during the fire phase. The current level of development of microelectronics makes it possible to use hardware and software for a wide range of people, including those who do not have a special education. Device, developed and created by the authors, is based on the Arduino Mega 2560 platform. It is compact and portable. It allows quickly receive and record data from the experiment of modeling fire conditions in small rooms. The obtained results allows us to estimate the level of heat flow of the convective column from the ignited wood, which simulates the fire load in the room to the ceiling, as well as the average temperature of the gas medium and the heat loss coefficient in the ceiling. Conclusions. The using of the experimental device presented by the authors makes it possible to optimize the obtaining of individual characteristics of the dynamics of fire hazards at the initial stage of ignition. Keywords: fire hazards, zone fire model, heat flow, field fire test, arduino platform
Investigation of the parameters of the cooling strength of compression foam when feeding through pumping and hose systems at low temperatures
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Aleshkov M. V. , Merkushkina T. G. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Fedyaev V. D. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Gumirov A. S. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The article describes a methodology and a program of experimental studies to determine the parameters of the cooling strength of compression foam when feeding through pumping and hose systems at low temperatures. The numerical values of the parameters of the cooling strength of the compression foam when feeding through the fire hose 20 m long are determined. The experimental dependences of the parameters of the cooling strength of the compression foam on the multiplicity and mass flow are obtained. Goals and objectives. A program and methodology for experimental studies to determine the parameters of the intensity of cooling of compression foam when feeding through pumping and hose systems has been developed. To carry out experimental studies, the following tasks were set: - development of a measuring complex for determining the parameters of the cooling strength of compression foam when feeding through pumping and hose systems at negative temperatures; - determination of the physical model of the movement of the compression foam when feeding through the fire hoses; - development of a program and methodology for experimental research to determine the mass flow rate of compression foam. Methods. Methods of mathematical analysis of statistical data obtained during experimental data were used to determine the parameters of the cooling strength of compression foam when feeding through the pumping and hose systems. Results and its discussion. The numerical value of the cooling of the compression foam when feeding through the pumping-hose systems at low temperatures was obtained experimentally, depending on the multiplicity along the length of the hose line. Conclusions. 1. A program and methodology for conducting experimental studies to determine the parameters of the cooling strength of compression foam when feeding through pumping and hose systems at low temperatures has been developed. 2. As a result of the experimental studies, data were obtained on the rates and parameters of the cooling strength of the compression foam when feeding through fire hoses in winter at various negative temperatures. To measure the parameters of the cooling strength of compression foam when feeding through fire hoses at negative ambient temperatures, a measuring complex was developed and assembled. 3. The data obtained will make it possible to evaluate the parameters of the compression strength of foam cooling when feeding through the pumping and hose systems at low temperatures. Keywords: intensity of cooling, compression foam, foam-air mixture, pumping-hose system, foam generating unit, a unit for generating and supplying compression foam, low temperatures
Probabilistic model of functioning of an automated control system for electrical equipment of industrial enterprises in Vietnam in the event of an accident
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Topolsky N. G. , Meshalkin E. A. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Mineev E. N. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Le Duy Nguyen ,   Fire Safety Institute of the Ministry of Public Security of Vietnam, Beresnev D. S. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Ensuring fire safety of industrial facilities depends on how correctly the automated systems for detecting and extinguishing a fire are selected, how quickly and efficiently the necessary preventive measures are taken to minimize the likelihood of a fire and damage from it. Assessment of the degree of risk of injury to people and damage caused by accidents is associated with the task of predicting the indicators of reliability and residual life of a functioning system. The most important issue is the establishment of the permissible periods for the further operation of residual current devices at a specific value of the risk of an accident. One of the features of industrial facilities is the presence of a large number of electrical equipment that creates the risk of major accidents accompanied by fires and explosions. Timely detection of the pre-fire state of electrical equipment is ensured through the use and development of an automated control system for electrical equipment. Goals and objectives. Assessment of the degree of risk of injury to people and damage to them in case of accidents when predicting reliability indicators in an automated control system for electrical equipment. Methods. To obtain the results, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used: analysis, synthesis, generalization, which were based on the provisions of the theory of probability, the theory of reliability. Research results. An assessment of the occurrence of an emergency is carried out based on elementary statistics and discrete Poisson distribution. Conclusions. The use of an automated control system for electrical equipment upon detection of leakage currents allows increasing the level of fire safety of industrial enterprises, as well as determining the life cycle of residual current devices during its operation. Keywords: accident, analysis, fire, explosion, risk, statistics, reliability, electrical equipment
Development of a fault-tolerant electronic information and educational environment of an educational institution taking into account the requirements of information security
Authors:   Branch of the Dubna State University - Dmitrov Institute of Continuing Education, Mitroshin P. A.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. When training specialists, both in integrated security and in other areas, an important element of training is an electronic information and educational environment. Ensuring reliable operation while data integrity is important task. The development of systems with a well-thought-out functionality to support the educational process and a set of measures to ensure information security can reduce the risks of reducing the quality of training specialists. Goals and objectives. Organization of the process of support for management and training of specialists in integrated security within the framework of the electronic information and educational environment. Ensuring monitoring of the learning process. Ensuring the continuous operation of the electronic environment of the educational institution to ensure the integrity of the process of educating complex security specialists. Methods. The research used scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, methods of mathematical statistics. Methods of structural and system analysis were used to design a model of an electronic information and educational environment. Results and its discussion. In accordance with the requirements of law and the requirements of a modern approach to the management of the educational process, a model of a fault-tolerant electronic information and educational environment for educating of specialists in integrated security has been developed and tested. In addition to the standard functions of supporting the educational process, which are defined in the law, the proposed approach to organizing an electronic learning environment allows monitoring indicators of the development of competencies. Conclusion. The main regulatory documents governing the functioning of the electronic information and educational environment of an educational institution for educating of specialists in integrated security are considered. Models of the implementation of the electronic environment are presented, which allow to provide support for the educational process and fault-tolerant functioning of the system. The data that was gotten about functioning of electronic systems under conditions of increased load makes it possible to design the software and hardware in more detail. Keywords: electronic information and educational environment, fault-tolerant systems, educating of specialists in integrated security, monitoring of the development of competencies
Pengaruh Scientific Approach Melalui Aplikasi Zoom Meeting terhadap Keaktifan Belajar Siswa
Authors: Suswandari Meidawati
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of the scientific approach through the zoom meeting application on the learning activeness of students at Palur 3 Elementary School. The research method uses quantitative research. The research design used a pre post test from the control class and the experimental class. The independent variable in this study is a scientific approach through the zoom meeting application. The dependent variable in this study is student learning activeness. The research was conducted in grade V of the 3 Palur Elementary School. The data collection tool used was a questionnaire. The data analysis technique uses the analysis prerequisite test which includes the normality test and the homogeneity test which is then followed by the hypothesis test (t-test) using SPSS. The results showed that the scientific approach through the Zoom meeting media influenced the learning activeness of the fifth grade students of SD Negeri 3 Palur. This can be seen from the results of the analysis test using the Paired Sample Test, the tcount was 9,143 with Sig 2 tailed of 0,000 with a t-table value of 2.101, indicating that tcount> ttable was 9.143> 2.101.
Tindak Tutur Komisif pada Baliho Calon Wali Kota dan Wakil Wali Kota Ternate Tahun 2020
Authors: Sasmayunita
Published: December 2021

This study examines the problem of commissive speech acts in candidates for mayor and deputy mayor of Ternate in 2020. The purpose of this study is to describe the form of commissive speech acts on billboards for candidates for mayor and deputy mayor of Ternate in 2020. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The data source is the discourse on the billboards for the 2020 Mayor and Deputy Mayor of Ternate. The technique of collecting is through observation, documentation, and taking notes. The data analysis technique in this study is the content analysis method by examining all data from various sources according to observations, documentation, and listening results (notes). Next, sort, analyze, and describe the forms of commissive speech acts and conclude the findings. The findings show several forms of commissive speech acts: commissive speech acts of intention, promise, and commissive speech acts of offering. This study recommends that further researchers conduct studies on different objects with a broader amount of data.
Studi Fenomenologi: Penilaian Membaca dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Sekolah Menengah Atas Pekanbaru
Authors: Sukenti Desi , Jamilin Tinambunan  , Muhammad Mukhlis  , Erlina
Published: December 2021

Reading assessment is a form of assessment activity carried out by educators in assessing students' reading. This study uses a phenomenological approach to explore teachers' experiences as participants in learning to read stories, read poetry and read descriptive texts in developing reading assessments. This study involved 15 Indonesian language teachers and conducted in-depth interviews about reading assessments in schools. The theories used in this research are Setiadi (2016), Abdul (2003), Tarigan (1994), Yunus (2012), Tampubolon (2015), Razak (2001), Nurhayati (2009), Djiwandono (2011), and the theory of Burhan Nurgiyantoro (2014). In-depth interview analysis in this study shows that the assessment of reading saga pays attention to the assessment of speech sounds, words, sentences, letters, language, readings, pays attention to reading pauses, sentence breaks, paragraph breaks, sentence content, letter content, punctuation marks, appreciates the content. In contrast, the construction of poetry reading assessment includes the assessment of diction sounds, sounds, letters, sentences, rhymes, rhythms, stanzas, the figure of speech, confidence, language style, appreciation. Descriptive text-based assessment is to assess the accuracy of diction (use of vocabulary, conjunctions between sentences, clarity of language sounds); the assessment of the accuracy of the sentence structure of the reading pays attention to 3 assessments, namely the arrangement of sentence patterns, stringing sentences and the form of sentences used; and assessing the spelling and writing used including the assessment of punctuation, use of capital letters. Educators can use this research recommendation on the construction of reading assessment in high school in the concept of reading assessment in schools.
Genetic and agronomic diversity of Basma tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) landrace in Turkey
Authors: Saygili Ibrahim , Kinay Ahmet , Kurt Dursun , Kandemir Nejdet
Published: December 2021

Description of the subject. In Turkey Basma tobaccos have been produced as landraces. However, little is known about the genetic and agronomic diversity of the Basma tobacco landrace. Objectives. The aim of the present study was to determine the genetic variation level in Basma type tobaccos used in Tokat-Erbaa region of Turkey, to evaluate some lines under field conditions for agronomic variations and to find out lines with superior yield and quality characters. Method. Thirteen simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers were used to determine the genetic diversity among 40 single plants collected from Basma tobacco production areas along with the cultivar Xanthi-2A. Twenty-seven different lines identified by SSR markers and cultivar Xanthi-2A were evaluated under field conditions in three Basma tobacco production areas. Results. All SSR markers were polymorphic and PIC values of the markers ranged from 0.136 to 0.679 with a total of 43 alleles. There were high levels of variation in agronomic characters investigated. The results of the field evaluations showed that most lines had good agronomic characters and some of them were considerably better in quality than Xanthi-2A. In principal component analysis performed with agronomic characters, the first three components explained 85.4% of the total variation. Conclusions. We determined that the lines 5, 7, 16, 19, 21 and 26 were promising cultivar candidates with good performance. These lines could be further examined for the aim of registration or could be used for development of superior cultivars. Microsatellites, Solanaceae, non-food products, tobacco industry, cigarettes
Munakataite: first find in Russia
Authors: Бадьянова Л.В. , Касаткин А.В. , Чуканов Н.В. , Шкода Р. , Ханин Д.А.
Published: December 2021

Редкий селенит-сульфат свинца и меди мунакатаит Pb2Cu2(Se4+O3)(SO4)(OH)4 установлен в образце, найденном на Имеретинском участке Кавказского государственного природного биосферного заповедника им. Х.Г. Шапошникова (Карачаево-Черкесия). Минерал образует шестовато-волокнистые со стеклянным блеском агрегаты голубого цвета размером до 0.5 x 0.06 мм и ассоциирует с Se-содержащим линаритом, церусситом, кварцем. Химический состав минерала (мас.%, содержание H2O рассчитано по стехиометрии, среднее значение по трем анализам): CuO 18.95, PbO 54.30, SeO2 12.74, SO3 10.25, H2O 4.38, сумма 100.62. Он отвечает эмпирической формуле (расчет сделан на общую сумму атомов O, равное 11, учитывая теоретическое количество ОН, равное 4) Pb2.00Cu1.96Se4+0.94S1.05O7(OH)4.
Параметры моноклинной элементарной ячейки: a = 7.691(1), b = 13.874(2), c = 5.6569(8) Å, β = 109.23(1)°, V = 569.90(9) Å3 и Z = 4. Сильные полосы в КР-спектре: 108, 344, 381, 437, 466, 521, 617, 790, 965, 1041 см–1. Мунакатаит найден на территории Российской Федерации впервые.
Bioderived ether design for low emission and high reactivity transport fuels
Authors: Cho Jaeyoung , Kim Yeonjoon , Etz Brian , Fioroni Gina , Naser Nimal , Zhu Junqing , Xiang Zhanhong , Hays Cameron , Alegre-Requena Juan , St John Peter , Zigler Bradley , McEnally Charles , Pfefferle Lisa , McCormick Robert , Kim Seonah
Published: December 2021

Bioderived ethers have recently drawn attention as a response to increasing demands on clean alternative fuels. A theory-experiment combined approach was introduced for the five ether molecules representing linear, branched, and cyclic ethers to derive rational design principles for low-emission and high-reactivity ethers. Flow reactor experiments and quantum-mechanical calculations were performed at high (750–1100K) and low temperature (400–700K) regimes to investigate the structural effects on their sooting tendency and reactivity, respectively. At a high-temperature regime, ethers’ high sooting tendency is related to increased C3 and C4 hydrocarbon formation compared to C1 and C2 products from oxidation reactions. On the other hand, the reactivity at the low-temperature regime is determined by the activation energies of reaction steps until ketohydroperoxide formation. These studies found that ethers’ sooting tendency and reactivity are relevant to two structural factors: the carbon type (primary to quaternary) and the relative position of ether oxygen atoms to carbon atoms. These factors were utilized to build a multivariate model to predict the cetane number (CN) and yield sooting index (YSI) of 50 different ethers. The model suggests building blocks with specific carbon types that maximize CN and minimize YSI, leading to the design principles of ethers toward low emissions and high reactivity fuels for transport applications. Ethers with a high CN and low YSI were then proposed using the developed model, and through experimental measurements, it was proved that they are promising biodiesel candidates.
Gemini-Mediated Self-Disinfecting Surfaces to Address Contact Transmission of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Ahn Ando Kollbe , Lisntadt Roscoe , Ahn Jinsoo , Kim Minju
Published: December 2021

According to both the Center for Disease Control (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO), contact-transmission (contact between host tissues and a contaminated surface) is the primary transmission route of infectious diseases worldwide. Usually this is mitigated by adherence to a schedule of repeated regular sanitization, yet this approach is inherently limited by sanitization frequency; conventional disinfectants/methods are only germicidal during the period of application, and surfaces are easily re-contaminated in the interim between cleanings. One solution to this problem is to use agents/coatings that impart self-disinfecting properties onto the existing surfaces such that they display sustained virucidal/antimicrobial properties against pathogens that settle upon them. Quaternary-ammonium organosilicon compounds are ideal candidates to achieve this; cationic surfactants are safe and well-established surface disinfectants while organosilanes are used broadly to form durable coatings with altered surface properties on many different materials. Despite their potential to circumvent disadvantages of traditional disinfection methods, extant commercially available quaternary-ammonium silanes do not display comparable efficacy to standard surface disinfectants, nor have their respective coatings been demonstrated to meet the Environmental Protection Agency’s guidelines for residual/extended efficacy. Inspired by powerful surface activity of double-headed “gemini” surfactants, here we present gemini-diquaternary (GQ) silanes with robust residual germicidal efficacy on various surfaces by incorporating a second cationic “head” to the structure of an conventional mono-quaternary-ammonium silane. Aqueous solutions of GQs were tested in suspension- and surface-antimicrobial assays against an array of pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). GQ performance was benchmarked against the common disinfectants, ethanol, hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite, as well as against a common antimicrobial mono-quaternary (MQ) silane. Solutions of GQ silanes were efficacious when used for immediate disinfection, showing comparable activity to common disinfectants (>106 fold reduction in 15 seconds). Additionally GQ solutions were demonstrated to impart durable self-disinfecting properties to a variety of porous and nonporous surfaces, efficacious after repeated cycles of abrasion and repeated contaminations, and with superior coating ability and activity (>108 higher activity) than that of the popular MQ silane. GQ solutions as surface treatments show great promise to overcome the limitations of traditional disinfectants in preventing the spread of infectious diseases.
El embarazo en bachilleres y universitarias. Tiempo de muda, tiempo para producirse como sujetos
Authors: Hernández Solís Soledad , García Lara Germán , Hernández Solís Irma , Cruz Pérez Óscar , Pérez Jiménez Carlos
Published: December 2021

El embarazo en jóvenes universitarias tiene indiscutibles consecuencias socioculturales y psicológicas, con un elevado costo personal, educacional, familiar y social. El presente estudio analiza las vivencias de mujeres del último semestre de bachillerato y universitarias embarazadas. El abordaje metodológico se realiza desde una aproximación cualitativa interpretativa, mediante charlas informales y entrevistas semiestructuradas a 21 estudiantes, a partir de una guía de entrevista. El análisis de la información, mediante un continuo proceso de analogía, contraste y delimitación, desde una aproximación contextual posibilitó su organización en tres bloques temáticos: (i) sexualidad y ruptura de la dependencia infantil; (ii) “¡No me ha bajado!, ¿y si ya no me baja?, ¿y si estoy embarazada?, ¿qué voy a hacer? ¡Mis padres me matarán!”; y (iii) el embarazo, crucero de angustias. En estos tres bloques se examina su posicionamiento ante la emergencia de la sexualidad genital, el embarazo y la trama de la vida en pareja y familiar en el proceso de producirse como sujetos y sus implicaciones en la construcción de un proyecto de vida.
Estudio psicométrico de la Escala de Costo Conductual de compras ecológicas en México
Authors: Palacios-Delgado Jorge , Vanegas Cristina , Bustos José
Published: December 2021

El objetivo de la presente investigación es obtener evidencias de validez basadas en la estructura interna y en relación con un criterio, así como la confiabilidad de las puntuaciones en la Escala de Costo Conductual de las compras ecológicas, empleando una muestra de 221 personas, entre 17 y 62 años (M = 27,57; DE = 10,8), de diferentes ciudades de México. Los resultados psicométricos muestran que la Escala de Costo Conductual de las compras responsables con el medioambiente tiene una estructura unidimensional, con un ajuste óptimo de los datos al modelo a través del AFC y una consistencia interna aceptable (alfa = .75; omega = .75). Además, el costo conductual permite diferenciar a quienes realizan bajas acciones proambientales de quienes realizan acciones a favor del medioambiente. La discusión analiza la utilidad de los resultados en la evaluación del costo conductual dentro del comportamiento responsable con el ambiente, así como las implicaciones para futuras investigaciones sobre psicología ambiental y económica.
Comparación de las Competencias Matemática Antes y Durante la Implementación del Programa de Estudios Generales
Authors: Leyva Gonzales Nobel Remberto , Leyva Sierra Belén
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo muestra la comparación de las competencias matemáticas antes y durante la implementación del Programa de Estudios Generales (PEG) en la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú (UNCP), con el fin de cotejar las exigencias respecto a las competencias: conceptual, procedimental y actitudinal en las asignaturas de matemáticas que se administran en el PEG y en cada Facultad de Ingeniería. Durante el 2018, se tuvo la población de N1=1200 antes del PEG y de N2 = 1600 durante la implementación del PEG; mientras las muestras se eligieron n1=161 y n2= 185 respectivamente. Las técnicas estadísticas para los hallazgos fueron tablas y caja bigote y como consecuencia los resultados revelaron que en las asignaturas de cálculo integral y calculo III en la competencia conceptual antes de la implementación del PEG se observó que el 80 % de las facultades muestreadas el rango de las notas fue desde 11 hasta 14. Durante la implementación del PEG el promedio en Matemática I fue de 13.3 y, para la misma competencia el promedio en Matemática II fue de 12.7. El diseño que se aplicó fue experimental con grupo control (estudiantes antes de la implementación del PEG) y experimental (estudiantes durante la implementación del PEG). Cabe indicar también, que los instrumentos que se aplicaron fueron evaluaciones de desarrollo para las competencias conceptual y procedimental y una escala de Likert para la actitudinal. Los instrumentos fueron elaborados por los investigadores.
Diseño y validación de un instrumento sobre la comprensión del tiempo histórico en estudiantes de educación secundaria
Authors: Carrillo Cayllahua Javier
Published: December 2021

El objetivo de la investigación es diseñar y validar un instrumento para la evaluación de la comprensión del tiempo histórico en los estudiantes de educación secundaria, teniendo como sustento la Teoría Crítica de la Historia y a partir de la propuesta de un modelo teórico del tiempo histórico, que incluye ocho conceptos temporales: 1) Cronología, 2) Periodización, 3) Sucesión, 4) Causalidad, 5) Duración, 6) Simultaneidad, 7) Cambio y 8) Continuidad. Se presentan los resultados de la validación y la confiabilidad del instrumento denominado Cuestionario sobre la comprensión del tiempo histórico en estudiantes de educación secundaria. La validación se hizo a través de la correlación ítem – test en una muestra de 302 estudiantes, y el coeficiente de validez se estableció mediante la fórmula producto momento de Pearson. La confiablidad se obtuvo mediante el test – re test, aplicados en una muestra de 100 estudiantes; estableciéndose el coeficiente de confiabilidad mediante la fórmula de la r de Pearson y la t de Student. Se concluye que el cuestionario tiene validez y confiabilidad, por lo que es un instrumento que permite evaluar la comprensión del tiempo histórico como un megaconcepto que integra un conjunto de conceptos temporales de la historia.
Management of labor incentives: Monograph
Authors: Volkovitckaia Galina
Published: December 2021

The monograph is devoted to the problem of effective incentives for personnel
as one of the most acute in the theory and practice of modern management. The
paper considers the main stages of labor incentives , the specifics of personnel
management from the standpoint of a motivational approach, suggests ways
to assess the quality of incentive systems, analyzes the motivational structure
of the employee's personality. The definitions, classifications, typologies and
models proposed in the monograph can be used not only for educational and
methodological purposes, but also in the direct practice of personnel management.
The monograph is addressed to specialists in personnel management, students,
graduate students, teachers, as well as everyone who is interested in the field of
HR management.
THE SUSTAINABILITY OF BAMBOO MATERIALS IN THE BUMI PEMUDA RAHAYU BAMBOO HALL BUILDING
Authors: Presiden Dewagana Gallus , A. Arif Kamal
Published: December 2021

Abstract - The issue of global warming strongly encourages architects to use sustainable materials to preserve nature. Bamboo material is an ecological and sustainable material. Bamboo is also predicted as a future material. The strengths and advantages of bamboo are very likely to be used as a building construction material. Unfortunately, it is not uncommon for bamboo material to be used inappropriately so that it does not optimize the ecological and sustainable properties of bamboo. The object of study chosen was the Bumi Pemuda Rahayu bamboo hall. This object is close to the concept of sustainability as seen from the function of the building, which is a co-creating space that prioritizes sustainability-related activities.

This research uses qualitative-quantitative methods that will compare the theory regarding the concept of sustainability of materials related to the building material life cycle with the data obtained. The concept will be divided into three aspects, namely design aspects, construction aspects, and maintenance and renovation aspects. These three aspects can be examined by knowing the object data related to these aspects. The results of the study will answer whether the use of bamboo material in the object of study is in accordance with the concept of sustainability of the bamboo material.

The analysis of the design stage pays attention to material selection, material preservation, how to optimize the age of bamboo and the selection of a structural system. The construction stage is analyzed by considering the type of connection used. The maintenance and renovation phases are analyzed by paying attention to how to renovate the bamboo structure and post-construction maintenance of the building.

This building is appropriate in choosing the type of material, applying preservation of bamboo materials, and successfully preventing bamboo from environmental influences in order to reach its optimal age. In terms of structural system selection, this building is also appropriate by applying the arc rod structural system. Bolted joints are appropriate for complex structural systems, it's just that there must be special treatment at the base of the arc structure that receives the greatest load due to cracks. Renovation and maintenance aspects must be considered again because this building will have difficulty if you have to do renovations, especially on the arc structure. Maintenance that is rarely performed can also reduce the life of the building.

 

Key Words: bamboo, sustainable materials, Bumi Pemuda Rahayu
Educar para a diversidade e cidadania: compreensões, desafios e perspectivas
Authors: Oliveira Silva Antonio Andreson , Ferreira do Nascimento Raimundo Nonato
Published: December 2021

O reconhecimento e a valorização das diversidades no espaço educativo tem sido uma constante nos debates e reflexões no campo educacional, ao mesmo tempo em que tem se constituído um discurso que uma das funções da escola é educar para a cidadania.  Assim, o presente artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre como estes conceitos - diversidade e cidadania - são compreendidos e operacionalizados no contexto educativo. Para tanto, tomamos como lócus de investigação uma escola da rede pública estadual do município de Teresina-PI, onde, por meio de entrevistas, conversas informais e sobretudo, da observação procuramos perceber se e como essa escola vem compreendendo e promovendo o reconhecimento da diversidade e a formação para a cidadania. Nesse processo analítico, dialogamos com autores da área de educação, história e antropologia que nos ajudam a melhor entender as ações e práticas discursivas no interior da escola.