bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Portrait Values Questionnaire: A Bibliographic and Bibliometric Review of the Instrument
Authors: Simon Jordi
Published: March 2021

This paper contains a bibliographic and a bibliometric review of the Portrait Values Questionnaire, the instrument proposed by Schwartz to assess human values. Schwartz’s theory of human values is one of the most popular of its kind in the social sciences. As the framework of the PVQ, we shall briefly present the theory, followed by the different instruments developed by Schwartz to assess human values. Finally, we have performed a detailed review to analyse how the PVQ has been used in the scholarly literature. A total of 58 articles were reviewed to obtain a picture of how the scientific community uses this instrument and to explore the variables most commonly related to human values. Several conclusions are briefly discussed.
Uso del móvil en padres, niños y adolescentes: Creencias acerca de sus riesgos y beneficios
Authors: Besolí Gloria , Palomas Núria , Chamarro Andrés
Published: March 2021

Se observa una creciente penetración del móvil entre los menores, que indudablemente se hace de la mano de sus padres. Pese a que el móvil ofrece oportunidades de comunicación y socialización, la literatura científica y los medios de comunicación ponen énfasis en los riesgos que su uso supone para los menores y adolescentes. Por ello, la presente investigación estudia los usos, riesgos y beneficios del teléfono móvil, sobre todo en menores, y analiza las creencias de los padres acerca de esta tecnología. Adicionalmente analiza la relación entre el uso problemático del móvil de los menores y su satisfacción vital. Se realizan dos estudios, uno con 63 padres y otro con 411 estudiantes de primaria, secundaria y bachillerato. Los resultados indican que los usos principales son comunicativos, recreativos y prácticos, sugieren que en el momento actual el uso práctico y con potenciales beneficios parece destacar. También se ha encontrado que el tiempo y la frecuencia de uso por parte de los adultos y los menores parecen equipararse, lo que sugiere un incremento progresivo del uso en los adolescentes. Se observa que el uso problemático del móvil es mayor en secundaria y bachillerato que en primaria, con un 15 % de los adolescentes en situación de riesgo de uso problemático. Se concluye que los menores están evolucionando del uso principalmente lúdico al uso comunicativo, facilitado por la eclosión de las redes sociales, lo que indica que integran la tecnología en sus hábitos de vida y la utilizan de una forma positiva. Estos resultados contrastan con la percepción de los padres respecto de los usos del móvil por parte de los hijos, que se limita al uso lúdico y obvian el uso comunicativo potenciado por las redes sociales.
Diferencias individuales, creencias de éxito y respuesta para tomar decisiones en diferentes tipologías del deportista
Authors: González-Hernández Juan , Rocamora Paula , Ortín Francisco José , Garcés de los Fayos Enrique Javier
Published: March 2021

Señalar posibles indicadores psicológicos sobre cómo percibe su misma conducta, permite concretar las referencias sobre cómo orientar la misma de cara a ayudar al deportista a crecer a través del deporte que practica. En constante interactividad y bidireccionalidad (tanto positiva como negativa), las vivencias deportivas permiten la percepción de determinadas respuestas psicológicas, así como las características personales ejercen influencias determinantes para la práctica deportiva. Con el objetivo de describir y establecer relaciones entre algunas de estas diferencias individuales y contextuales, se realiza un estudio con una muestra aleatoria de jóvenes deportistas (N = 436). Utilizando cuestionarios de personalidad (BFQ), creencias sobre el éxito (POSQ) y toma de decisiones (CETD), se obtiene que la perseverancia es el indicador más característico de la muestra. Los deportistas federados difieren significativamente en dominancia, perseverancia y apertura a la experiencia, y los que practican deportes colectivos señalan significativamente mejor cooperación y apertura a la cultura que los que practican deportes individuales, que se orientan a ser más dominantes y estar más abiertos a nuevas experiencias. Además, los federados indican significativamente que están peor en ansiedad y que tienen un nivel más alto en competencia y compromiso para la toma de decisiones. Estos datos se reafirman cuando se establecen relaciones de correlación entre las variables estudiadas.
Influence of flipped classroom methodology on the self-concept of primary education students
Authors: Galindo-Domínguez Héctor
Published: March 2021

Flipped classroom is an educational methodology whereby students complete the most theoretical part of a lesson at home, usually by viewing educational videos or using other similar tools. This allows them to dedicate more class time to developing higher order thinking skills via the completion of practical tasks. Since its introduction in the classroom few years ago, the number of primary education teachers using the method has increased steadily, but teachers sometimes lack reliable data on its effectiveness. The objective of this research was to address this by analysing how the methodology affects primary education students’ self-concept. To this end, data were collected on 822 students (Age = 10.84; SD = .873), who were divided into a control group (437 students) and an experimental group (385 students). The experimental group underwent a 7-month flipped classroom intervention. Both groups completed the AF-5 scale before and after the intervention. The results suggest, firstly, that the flipped classroom methodology neither significantly improved nor significantly worsened any of the dimensions of self-concept more than the group that did not apply this methodology. Meanwhile, however, both groups did show improvements in the social, emotional and family dimensions of their self-concept. The paper concludes with a discussion of these outcomes and suggestions for future research topics.
The Flipped classroom in the learning of korfball in fifth and sixth grade
Authors: Marqués Luis , Palau Ramon , Usart Mireia , Morilla Francesc
Published: March 2021

The Flipped classroom (FC) model has come into widespread use in recent years. However, there are few studies showing the improvement of academic results with the implementation of this model, particularly in the field of Physical Education and, even more specifically, in Primary Education. The main goal of this research, which is focused on the third cycle of Primary Education (fifth and sixth grades), is to compare the results of a didactic proposal for the teaching of Korfball via an FC model with those of another group (control). Data were collected with three instruments and at three points in the academic term. Results show significant differences in Korfball performance and, more specifically, in the rules and the application of game strategy during game play, when students with FC scored higher. In terms of gender, Korfball seems to minimize the differences in the results of assessment between boys and girls. This study could be useful for teachers wishing to implement new proposals in the Physical Education classroom and, additionally, for researchers interested in studying of the benefits of FC and the application of Korfball in Primary Education.
The New Challenges of the Technification of Work: Managing “Technostress” Through Positive Organizational Psychology
Authors: Cuervo Carabel Tatiana , Meneghel Isabella , Orviz Martínez Natalia , Arce García Sergio
Published: March 2021

The introduction of new and changing technologies has led to changes in all areas of society, and the world of work is no exception. This had created a need for an analysis and reformulation of habits and actions related to workplace health and safety. “Technostress” has emerged as one of the risks associated with the increasing use of information and communication technologies. The aim of this work is to analyze the effectiveness of positive psychosocial interventions aimed at technostress management. To do this, the two concepts are analyzed via a case study. The study begins with an assessment of technostress among the management staff of a service company. Based on the results of this initial assessment, a range of ongoing Positive Psychology interventions were designed and implemented. It is concluded that Positive Organizational Psychology can be an effective tool for technostress management. The main constraints of this work would be associated with the size of the sample, which does not allow the generalization of the results. Nonetheless, it opens a door to a new research paradigm to delve deeper into the issue of technostress management from the field of Positive Psychology, which a connection that to date has received scant  theoretical attention.
Moodle com a eina didàctica en una experiència d’aprenentatge actiu en l’assignatura de Biologia del grau de Nutrició Humana i Dietètica
Authors: Gómez López Glòria
Published: March 2021

L’aprenentatge actiu ha mostrat millorar els resultats d’aprenentatge, així com augmentar la motivació, la confiança i el control dels estudiants. Al mateix temps, la valoració positiva de Moodle, com a eina per explorar noves estratègies didàctiques, fa pensar que una estratègia d’aprenentatge actiu utilitzant Moodle com a plataforma virtual podria resultar en una millora dels resultats acadèmics dels estudiats. L’objectiu d’aquest estudi és avaluar els resultats d’una estratègia d’aprenentatge actiu utilitzant la plataforma Moodle amb estudiants de l’assignatura de Biologia del grau de Nutrició Humana i Dietètica. S’estudiarà el nivell de motivació, confiança i control, i la percepció d’utilitat de la plataforma Moodle mitjançant qüestionaris que es respondran amb una escala Likert. Es compararà els resultats acadèmics dels estudiants del curs 2020-2021 amb els dels cursos 2018-2019 i 2019-2020.
OPTIMAL BREEDING AGE FOR THE WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP IN IBADAN
Authors: Ngere L. O. , Akinuli K. E. , Adeleye I .O.
Published: March 2021

Observations on the age at first breeding of West African Dwarf Sheep at the University of Ibadan. Nigeria showed that the optimal age and weight at 1st breeding of young ewes was not less than eleven months and at least 13kg respectively When mated earlier, the incidence of abortion in­creased and lambs tended to the smaller at birth. In ewes mated at older ages the lengthening of the generation internal was unacceptable. The relalionuship between weight (4 ) and age (X) from four to 56 weeks was estitnated as: Y (kg)      = 3.12 + 9.62 x — 0.02 x 2 + 0.0002 x 3 for singles. or    Y  =2.59 + 0.46 x = 0.01 x2 + 0.0001 x 3 for Mins.
EFFECT OF SOLID MEDIA ON THE GROWTH OF MYCOPLASMA MYCOIDES SUBSPECIES MYCOIDES IN CONTAGIOUS BOVINE PLEUROPNEUMONIA VACCINE
Authors: Garba S. A.
Published: March 2021

...
EFFECTS OF SPACING ON DRY MATTER YIELDS OF F1PENNISETUM HYBRIDS AND ELEPHANT GRASS (PENNISETUM PURPUREUM SCHUM)
Authors: Aken'ova M. E. , Chheda H. R.
Published: March 2021

Crown splits of three bulrush millet (Pennisetum americanum) (L) K Schum) x elephant grass F1 hybrid genotypes and an improved local strain of elephant grass were set every 30, 45, 60 and 90 cm in rows 90 cm apart to ascertain the effects of spacing on forage dry matter (DM) yield. Plants were harvested by cutting 30 cm above ground level every 5 weeks during the late rainy season of the first year (4 harvests) and the rainy session of the second year (7 harvests). There were significant differences in DM yields between spacing treatments, as well as between genotypes. When averaged over genotypes, total DM yield in the two years of study at 90 x 30, 90 X 45, 90 x 60 and 90 x 90 cm were 31.16, 27.27, 25.75 and 23.13 t/ha, respectively. Genotype x spacing interaction for DM yield was not significant. Spacing, in general, had no appreciable effects on forage quality so that linear regression analysis revealed no relationship between spacing on one hand and DM content, percent leaf, crude protein (CP) content, and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), on the other. The results indicated that close spacing can be utilized to increase DM yields of F1 Pennisetum hybrids and elephant grass without detriment to quality.
THE PROTECTIVE VALUE OF AN AUTOGENOUS BACTERIN AND TOXOID AGAINST EXPERIMENTAL CORYNEBACTERIUM PYOGENES INFECTION IN MICE
Authors: Falade S. , Durojaiye O. A.
Published: March 2021

Bacteria and toxin from a borth culture of a porcine strain of Corynebacterium pyogenes were lethal to white Swiss mice within 24th of inoculation. The pyogenic factor was shown to be a component of the bacterial cells and not of the toxin. Mouse protection tests using a formolised bacterin and formolized toxoid conferred protection to experimental challenge. It is suggested that this toxoid may be of value in protecting animals against the natural infection.
GENETIC ASPECTS OF PREWEANING PERFORMANCE OF NDAMA CATTLE
Authors: Leigh A. O. , Akinokun O. , Adeyanju S. A.
Published: March 2021

Records on birth weight (BW), preweaning daily gain (PWG) and weaning weight (WW) of Ndama beef cattle were obtained from the Fashola Livestock Farm in Oyo State of Nigeria between 1954 and 1964 and were analyzed to estimate the phenotypic and genetic parameters of preweaning performances of this breed of cattle. For birth weight, preweaning daily gain and weaning weight respectively heritability was estimated as 0.13 ± 0.08, 0.30 ± 0.14 and 0.25 ± 0.12 from paternal half-sib relationship. The estimates of genetic and phenotypic correlations obtained from these data among the three pre-weaning traits were found to be similar to those already in the general literature on beef cattle.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CAMEL PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA
Authors: Gahji A. , Adegwa A.O. , Adegwa A.O.
Published: March 2021

Aspect of camel. distribution, adaptations and utilisation. m Nigeria have been reviewed and a suggestion made for a scientific and profitable camel production to ease the deficiency of animal protein in the Nigerian diet. This is necessitated because the encro achment of the desert into the Northern part of the country strongly calls for the reassessment of the potential contribution of camel production as source of meat and milk to provide not only essential protein source in the Nigerian diet, but also saving on the scarce foreign exchange.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DRY SEASON SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING ON THE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF YANKASA SHEEP IN A TWICE-YEARLY LAMBING PROGRAMME
Authors: Osinowo O. A. , Doma M. S. , Pathiraja N. , Buvanendran V.
Published: March 2021

Ninety-four pregnant Yankasa ewes were divided into 3 groups and fed;(1) 0, (2) 200 or (3) 400 g/head/day of a concentrate supplement in addition to 6 h grazing daily, from 35.9±2.0 days before, to 98. 122.0 days after lambing in the dry season between 2 Jan vary and 15 May 1984 in Zaria, Northern Nigeria. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) bet den groups in litter size and adjusted birth weight in the initial lambing 35.9±2.0 days into the experiment although the latter showed consistent increase with level of supplementation. Adjusted 90-day Weaning weights increased significantly (P<0.05) with each increase in level of supplementation: 5:5, 7.1 and 8.6kg for groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Correspondingly, the percentage of lambs weaned increased (48.6, 56.4 and 90.7%) while ewe mortality declined (12.9, 10.0 and 3.0%) with increasing level of supplementation, The percentage of ewes exhibiting oestrus within 98.1±2.0 days postpartum increased with level of supplementation: 77,8,91.3 and 96.8% for groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. However, of the ewes showing oestrus, there were no significant differences between groups in post-partum intervals to oestrus and conception. Litter size from matings during the experiment showed non-significant increase with level of supplementation. It is concluded that dry season supplementary feeding is essential for optimum reproductive performance of Yankasa sheep in a twice-yearly lambing programme.
VARIATION IN YIELD AND COMPOSTION OF MILK FROM DIFFERENT UDDER QUARTERS OF LACTATING WHITE FULANI CATTLE IN A TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Adeneye J. A.
Published: March 2021

For the first 150 days of lactation, 12 White Fulani early dry season calvers produced a daily average of 2.5kg milk containing 12.6% total solids, 3.8% fat, 8.9% solids-not-fat, 4.2% protein, 4.0% lactose and 0.7% total ash. Poor nutrition, inbreeding, age and weight of animals appeared to be largely responsible for the low yield. Substantially more milk (P< 0.01) was produced in the morning (62.4%) than evening and from the rear (56%) than fore udders. Both the evening and rear udder milk were remarkablyricher in total solids, fat and solids- not-fat. Evening and fore udder milk contained significantly less lactose but more protein (P< 0.01). The udder position x time of milking interactions on milk yield and composition were highly significant (P 0.01) but the effects of year were negligible (P 0.05). The stage of lactation influenced fat, protein and total ash content very significantly (P 0.01). Peak milk produc tion occurred during the second month of lactation.
EFFECTS OF GRADED LEVELS OF MAIZE OFFAL ON NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND MINERAL AVAILABILITY IN DIETS OF LAYING HENS
Authors: UKO J. O. , AWOYESUKU P. , BABATUNDE G. M.
Published: March 2021

Effects of dietary levels of maize offal (MO) (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50) on nutrient digestibility and mineral availability were investigated with 32-weeks old laying hens. Apparent dry matter, crude protein and cruse fibre digestibilities compared very favourably (P>0.05) in all dietary treatments. Apparent availability of calcium, magnesium, manganese, copper and iron was significantly (P<0.05) depressed as levels of MO increased in the diets. Phosphorus availability insignificantly increased with increasing levels of MO but that of potassium, sodium and zinc was relatively stable in all dietary treatments.
EFFECT OF QUALITATIVE FEED RESTRICTION ON PULLET DEVELOPMENT AND SUBSEQUENT EGG PRODUCTION.
Authors: SEKONI A. , NJOKU P. C. , OLOMU J. M. , OGUNDIPE S. O. , OFFIONG S. A.
Published: March 2021

The effect of feeding different protein levels  during the rearing and development of egg-type  pullets as well as on eventual egg production was investigated in two experiments. In experiment I, the dietary crude protein (CP) regimens (and old to point of lay notations) in isocaloric diets for the periods 0-8 weeks and 9-20 weeks respectively for treatment 1: 20% and 16% (20:16), treatment 2: 16% and 16% (16:16), treatment 3: 12% and 12% (12:12), treatment 4: 16% and 12% (16:12), treatment 5:20% and 12% (20:12) and for treatment 6 theregimens comprised 20% for 0-8 weeks, 16% for9-16 weeks and 12% for 17-20 weeks (20:16:12) In experiment 2, treatments 1 to 5 for experiments 1 were repeated while three step-up dietary treatments 6, 7 and 8 were evaluated in addition. For the periods 0-8 weeks and 9-20 weeks respectively, the CP regimens for treatment 6 were 12% and 16% (12:20) and for traetment 7, 12% and 20% (12:20) and for treatment 8, 16% and 20% (16:20). From 20 weeks in each experiment, a common layer diet containing 16% CP and 2,449 Kcals metabolizable energy per kg was fed ad libitum to all treatments and all the subsequent egg production was monitored for a further 16 weeks . Both studies indicated that production was reported egg-type chickens fed diets with a drastic protein restriction (12%) in the starting period (0-8 weeks) had significantly reduced body weights at 20 weeks and delayed sexual maturity.  However, when such birds were subsequently (9-20 weeks) offered diets with higher protein content significant compensatory effects on weight gain and feed conversion were indicated. The step-up CP règimens in experiment 2 performed.
ŞEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS INFECTION IN GREY BREASTED HELMET GUINEA FOWLS (Numida meleagris galeata Pallas) IN AN ARID ZONE OF NIGERIA
Authors: AMBALI A. G. , GASHAU M.
Published: March 2021

A survey of guineafowl sera from Maiduguri area of Borno State for antibody to infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus was carried out between the months of January to April, 1991. Agar gel diffusion precipitation test (AGDT) was the serological method employed for the investigation. Out of the total of 196 sera tested, only 16 were found to contain precipitating antibodies to IBD. This represents 9.1% infection rate.
The Role Of Minerals In The Growth And Viability Of Bunaji Cattle Raised Under Traditional Management In Central Nigeria.
Authors: Ikwuegbu O. A. , Campbell D.
Published: March 2021

About 400 Bunaji cattle from 12 herds at three sites namely, Kurmin Biri, Madauchi and Ganawuri were used to study the productivity of cattle fed mineral supplements under village conditions. Two herds at each site were allocated at random to each treatment. Mineral blocks containing 11% P and local salt licks containing 96% NaCI which served as control were fed. Supplementation lasted three years. Mineral blocks were put out daily in the Kraals and taken in during rains and when the animals went grazing. Births and disposals were recorded. Animals were weighed monthly using portable barlo electronic scales. Animals grazed natural pasture and crop residues after harvest. Data were analysed using general linear models (GLM) procedure of SAS, Analysis were done for birth weights up to 18 months. Models used for analysis involved the fixed effects of location, herds nested within location, year and season of calving, parity, age of dam and sex of calf. The results showed that birth weights were significantly influenced by location (P<0.05), year of birth (P<0.05) and mineral supplementation (P<0.05). The birth weights were 22.4±0.53, 21.1± 0.42 and 18.2±0.40 kg in Ganawuri, Kurmin Biri and Madauchi respectively. Calves born in 1988 were significantly heavier than those born in 1989 and 1990 and weighed 21.1±0.47, 19.8±0.39 and 20.8±0.48 kg in 1988, 1989 and 1990 respectively. The mineral supplemented calves weighed 21.1±0.38 and 19.9±0.36 kg for phosphate and salt respectively. Using weight as a covariate, it was shown that the growth rate of P supplemented group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05) so that at 18 months the mineral group weighed 165 kg, an improvement of 22%. Calving interval was influenced by location (P<0.05), year of calving (P<0.01) but not significantly by treatment (P>0.05). Calving intervals were 530±62.9 and 503±54.8 days for mineral and salt respectively. Cumulative mortality percentage of calves to 9 and 12 months were not significantly affected by mineral supplementation (P>0.05). These were 11.1±5.00 and 13.4±5.31 and 17.4±5.06 and 24.0±5.43 for mineral and salt respectively. It is concluded that the provision of P-rich mineral blocks to agropastoral herds at strategic periods can improve the productivity of Bunaji cattle.
Drought Status in Kano State
Authors: Mukhtar I.
Published: March 2021

No abstract
Studies on Comparative Utilization of Urea and Groundnut Cake Rations by West African Dwarf Goats
Authors: Mba A. U. , Akinsoyinu A. O. , Olubajo F. O.
Published: March 2021

Twelve West African dwarf castrated goats, 6-8 months old and 7 to 15 kg liveweight, were used. Two sources of N, urea and groundnut cake, were used at three levels of crude protein (N x 6.25), viz., 10, 17 and 24%, in cassava flour-based rations. These rations were then used as supplements to dry, poor quality Cynodon nlemfuensis forage. Six animals, two on each level of protein were maintained on the urea-based rations in 3x3 Latin Square Design while the other six animals were similarly maintained on the groundnut cake-based rations. Each experiment consisted of three trials and each trial lasted three weeks. During these periods, liveweight changes, daily intake of the forage and of the concentrates were recorded. N-balance studies were also carried out at the end of the series of these experiments. The results indicated that the urea-fed goats tended to grow faster than those goats fed on the groundnut cake-based rations with the overall mean live weight gains of 35.7 and 31.4 g per day respectively although the differences were not significant (P>0.05) respectively. The former required daily 0.17g DCP per Wkg0.734 for maintenance; similarly the latter required 0.26g DCP per Wkg0.734 per g live weight gain and 1.43 g DCP per Wkg0.734 for maintenance. The N-balance studies also showed better utilization of the N content of urea than that of the groundnut cake, with the overall mean N-balance values of 6.15 and 5.54 g/day.
The Yield, Intake and Animal Production of Four Tropical Grass Species Grown at Ibadan
Authors: Olubajo F. O. , Oyenuga V. A.
Published: March 2021

The yield, intake and animal production of four grass species namely: Cynodon nlemfuensis var. robustus, Pennisetum purpureum Schum; Cynodon nlemfuensis var nlemfuensis (Ib8) and Panicum Maximum Jacq., designated as treatments M, N, P, and respectively, were studied over a period of 1,226 days. Each treatment was grazed at three stages of growth - at four, six and eight week intervals. Total dry matter yields for the experimental period ranged from approximately 22 tons for treatment N grazed at intervals of four weeks to 65 tons for treatment Q grazed at eight week intervals. The mean daily dry matter yield varied between approximately 18 kg for treatment N to 53 kg for treatment Q grazed at four and eight week intervals respectively. With the exception of treatment N, dry matter intake by sheep per kg of metabolic size per day decreased with increased maturity and ranged from 43 kg in treatment N to 86 kg in treatment P grazed every four weeks. Treatment means of liveweight increases of grazing White Fulani (Zebu) steers were 392 g, 360 g, 337 g and 226 g per head per day for treatments Q, N,P and M respectively. Though the protein content of the pastures was high enough even in the dry season to maintain the grazing animals, dry matter production and intake were usually very low.
The Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients and Energy Value to Pigs of Plantains (Musa Sapientum Var. Paradisiaca Linn)
Authors: Oyenuga V. A. , Fetuga B. L.
Published: March 2021

The proximate and mineral constituents of six plantain forms, raw green plantain (RGP), cooked green plantain (CGP), raw ripe plantain (RRP), cooked ripe plantain (CRP), green plantain meal (GPM) and ripe plantain meal (RPM) were determined by chemical analysis. 24 large white barrows, weighing initially, between 40-45 kg., were used to study the apparent digestibility of nutrients, digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen retention (ME(n) and total digestible nutrients when the plantains served as the only source of nutrients. In a second experiment ME and ME(n) were measured for the plantain forms using 28 Large White barrows, with diets in which the plantains replaced 50% of maize in a basal diet. All the plantain forms had low fat, crude fibre and crude protein content but high in nitrogen-free extract, phosphorus, potassium and Iron. Identically high dry matter (D.M.) and nitrogen-free extract (N.F.E.) digestion coefficients were obtained for all the plantain forms except RPM, which had significantly lower values. Digestion coefficients for crude protein (46.9, 53.6, 51.8, 34.3,-32.7 %), crude fibre, (46.6, 49.5, 58.7, 62.6, 56.9, 39.6 %), ether extract (55.9, 56.6, 66.9, 69.2, 54.7 and 34.6 %) for RGP, CGP, RRP, CRP, GPM and RPM respectively were considerably lower than for D.M. and N.F.E. The DE, ME ME(n) and TDN values were comparable for all plantain forms except RPM, which had significantly lower values in most cases. The fresh green plantains and green plantain meals had slightly higher energy values than the ripe plantains, even though the nutrients in the ripe plantains were better digested than in the green forms. The results are discussed in relation to variations in the relative proportions of the simple and more complex carbohydrates during ripening.
Design And Construction Of Alternating And Direct Current Operated Electroejaculator For Animal Breeders
Authors: Adegbile A. A
Published: March 2021

The supply of voltage is obtained by using a transistorised converter. It is designed to give a square wave output of 200v at up to 80mA from an input of 12 volt d.c car battery. The output of the 12v push-pull square-wave oscillator is transformer-coupled to step up 30 volts square wave by a specially wound transformer. The transformed voltage is then used as output to energize the probe that will go into the rectum of an animal in order to stimulate it for the ejaculation of the semen. The semen collected is analysed and used to inseminate female animals.
INFLUENCE OF QUALITATIVE TRAITS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS
Authors: Odubote I. K.
Published: March 2021

Data on coat colour pigmentation and incidence of wattle were combined with production records of 1407 West African dwarf goats to study their influence on litter traits and body weight. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference among coat colours for litter size at birth and at weaning and birth weight. Basic white coloured goats were significantly (P <0.05) heavier at weaning and one year of age than the basic brown and black goats. The trend was that the weight decreased with increased pigmentation. Presence or absence of wattle did not exert any influence on the traits studied except yearling body weight Bilaterally wattled goats were lighter (P<0.01) than unilaterally wattled and non wattled goats.
THE INFLUENCE OF VARYING RATIO OF COWPEA HUSK AND MAIZE MILLING WASTE ON THE FEED INTAKE, PROTEIN AND ENERGY UTILIZATION BY THE GOAT.
Authors: Adeloye A. A.
Published: March 2021

The acceptability and efficacy of. combinations of cowpea husk (CH) and maize milling waste (MMW) as feed for the goat were tested. The experiment, in a 4x4 Latin square design involved digestion trials with 4 West African dwarf grower goats weighing 8.2 to 9.6 kg. and about 4 months old. There were 3 experimental diets made up of CH and MMW in 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 ratio of mixture. The control diet was 60 percent chopped Pennisetum purpureum plus 40 percent concentrate ration. The animals were fed at 5 percent of body weight. All trials lasted 80 days. Parameters for assessment were dry matter intake, protein and energy intakes and utilization. Feed intake values (%of body weight) in all experiemental diets were higher than 3 percent and increased with increasing levels of cowpea husk, Only the intake of 4.38% of body weight from 75:25 CH-MMW supported weight gain. Increases in MMW in the experimental diets resulted in significant (P<0.05) increases in dry matter digestibility. The crude protein intake and digestion increased with increasing inclusion of cowpea husk, but intake and utilization were not adequate at CH-MMW 25:75 and 50:50. The energy intake and utilization increased (P<0.05) across the treatment. Increasing levels of cowpea husk enhanced dry matter, energy intakes and energy utilization, Decreasing levels of cowpea, consistent with increasing MMW improved dry matter digestibility but not dry matter intake. The high crude fibre of cowpea husk is implicated. The utilization of the available energy in the mixture is limited by protein intake.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE COMPARATIVE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF NIGHT FED AND NIGHT FASTED BROILER FINISHERS
Authors: Laseinde E. A. O. , Igbasan F. A.
Published: March 2021

Four-week old broiler finishers were raised in 8 deep litter pens under two treatments, night feeding and night fasting. The birds were fed ad libitum during the day and equally exposed to all necessary management practices. The trial was conducted to observe the comparative body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (F.1) and feed utilization (F.U) between the birds under the two treatments, as well as the body weight shrinkage arising from the night fasting by the night fasted birds. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in BWG between birds in the two treatments except at week 5. An equivalent of 62% of the day time BWG was lost to fasting by the night fasted birds. The loss was, however, adequately compensated during the day time feeding. Body weight shrinkage due to the night fast increased with age and was most pronounced between 9 -10 weeks of age. No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in F.1. between the night fed and night fasted birds. For the former, F.I. was higher during the day from ages 5 to 8 weeks and higher during the night at ages 9 and 10 weeks. night fasted birds utilised feed averagely better than the night fed ones. Results from this study show that there is no significant advantage in feeding broiler finishers at night.
SELENIUM AND VITAMIN E SUPPLEMENTATION OF HIGH N-ALKANE GROWN YEAST IN CHICK DIETS
Authors: Oguntona T. , Heale R.
Published: March 2021

A total of four experiments have been conducted to evaluate performance of chicks given high (300/kg diet) n-alkane grown yeast diet supplemented with vitamin E and selenium. Four levels (0,10,20,30 mg) of vitamin E were examined in experiment 1 while five levels (0,12.5,15.0,17.5,20mg) were examined in experiment 2. Performance was also measured at four selenium supplementation levels (0, 50,100, 150 µg Se/kg diet) initially and finally at five other (0,100, 125, 150, 175 µg/kg diet) more detailed levels. Supplementation of a 300g/kg yeast diet with 15mg Vitamin E produced significantly (P < 0.05) higher body weight than unsupplemented high yeast diet. Higher levels produced no further growth response. At this level of vitamin E supplementation every level of selenium examined gave significant (P < 0.05) increase in weight but optimum growth response was obtained at 100µg Se/kg yeast diet. There were no significant treatment effects on feed intake at all levels of vitamin E and selenium examined. Nitrogen retention also showed no response at the highest levels (100 - 157µg) of selenium supplementation. The  results show that supplementation with appropriate levels of vitamin E and selenium significantly reduced the depression in growth rate caused by high levels of inclusion of n-alkane grown yeast in chick diet.
EFFECT OF VARIOUS DIETARY LEVELS OF SUNFLOWER SEED MEAL ON THE PERFORMANCE OF GROWING RABBITS IN SUDANO-SAHELIAN ZONE
Authors: Okonkwo A. C. , Igwebuike J. U. , Tarfa H. U. , Okon B. I. , Umoh B. I.
Published: March 2021

The experiment which lasted for seventy (70) days was conducted to determine the effects of various dietary levels of sunflower seed meal (SSM) on the performance of growing rabbits. Thirty- two (32) indigenous breeds of rabbits obtained from small-scale producers were used in study. They were individually weighed and randomly assigned to the four (4) dietary treatments, in which 0,10, 20 and 30% of the groundnut cake was replaced by SSM, respectively. The diets contained 2391.76, 2387.44, 2383.12 and 2378.80 Kcal ME/kg for diets 1,2,3 and 4, respectively. The crude protein (CP) was approximately 14.0% for the four (4) experimental diets. The diets, in mash form were fed to the rabbits ad libitum. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) amongst the treatments in all the parameters examined. However, he incorporation of SSM resulted in a considerable decrease in feed cost with increasing levels of SSM. Thc. results of this Study therefore suggest that 30% or more of the GNC could be replaced by SSM in the diets of growing rabbits without deleterious effect on performance.
BOVINE HEPATIC FASCIOLOSIS OF OUTRIGHT CONDEMNATION IN THE MAIDUGURI MUNICIPAL ABATTOIR AND ITS ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
Authors: Osiyemi T. J. O , Brisibe F.
Published: March 2021

The fasciolosis which warrant outright condemnation of cattle livers has been shown to be 1154 percent of livers of the cattle slaughtered at the Maiduguri Municipal abattoir. The livers condemned outright have been kept to a minimum. Of the actual losses which the disease cause, only 46 percent was manifest to the butchers in condemnation of livers, the other losses (54 percent) in costs due to weight loss are not appreciated because the I losses are not visible. The annual estimated loss due to fasciolosis in Nigeria is between 16.4 to 20.9 million U.S. dollars, but the cost of chemoprophylaxis would be much less. The Central Government is in a position to plan and execute control measure in future using veterinarians in private practice.
BIRTH WEIGHT AND LITTER BIRTH WEIGHT IN YANKASA SHEEP: ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND HERITABILITY ESTIMATES
Authors: BEMJI M. N. , OSINOWO O. A. , EHOCHE O. W. , ADUKU A. O.
Published: March 2021

A study was conducted to examine the influence of five environmental factors on birthweight (BWT) and litter birth weight (LBWT) and to obtain heritability estimates for both traits in Yankasa sheep. Records of 2490 lambs sired by 133 rams and 1225 lambs sired postnatally by 120 rams from 1983-1993 at Shika were  analysed for BWT and LBWT, respectively. The Yankasa flock was semi-intensively l managed in an accelerated lambing programme. Least-squares means were 2.48±0.03 kg and 3.57±0.03 kg for BWT and  LBWT, respectively. All five environmental LBWT in factors considered (parity, sex, type of birth, Yankasa sheep High season and year of birth) were highly significant (P<0.001) for both traits. Lambs from multiparous ewes had higher body weights than  lambs from primiparous ewes. Likewise,  rainy-season-born lambs were heavier than dry-season-born lambs. Ram lambs were consistently heavier than ewe lambs for both traits, their superiority also being reflected in higher LBWT for mixed sexes. Single born lambs. were, superior to single  lambs for LBWT. Heritability estimates by paternal half sib analysis, after appropriately adjusting data for the fixed effects,were 0.410, 0.8 and 0.12±0.07 for BWT and LBWT,  ; respectively. These results indicate that high  genetic response is expected from selection for  BWT, while low response is expected for LBWT.  Adjustment for environmental effects is necessary to enhance the accuracy of selection for superior individuals in terms of gene expression for these traits.
SUBSTITUTES FOR MOLASSES AND CEMENT IN UREA-MOLASSES BLOCKS FOR RUMINANT ANIMALS
Authors: ONWUKA C. F. I. , OLATUNJI E. N.
Published: March 2021

The first of two experiments was conducted to substitute cassava starch for molasses at levels of between 0 and nutrient blocks are discussed. 100% in urea-molasses blocks in six treatments. In a second experiment, of Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala Gmelina arborea and cement were included at 15% levels respectively as substitutes to cement as feed block binders. A fifth treatment combined cement and the various leaves as binders. Parameters monitored included block hardness, stability in water, colour, storability, nutrient quality and cost. Results showed that the blocks dried within 3 - 7 days and the weights of the blocks progressively decreased (P<0.01) within the drying period, Final block weights were 88 to 97.5% of initial weights. The crude protein contents of the 100% molasses blocks were lower while the fibre contents of the leaves - substituted blocks were higher (P>0.05) between 25 and 28% CP. The blocks were strong and did not dissolve in water for 3 to 5 days. Increasing levels of cassava starch substitution made the blocks harder, Block colours varied from dark brown to dirty white.  Use of leaves as binders reduced the cost of the blocks by as much as 20%. Blocks stored better when the sides of the plastic mould were lined with cellophane paper. The cassava substituted blocks stored up ic 9 months without moulding. Gliricidia sepium leaves, however, served as a good binder just like the other two leaves types used. aThe implication of using cassava starch and browse leaves in urea-molasses multinutrient blocks are discussed.
EFFECT OF FROZEN STORAGE ON THE ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF MEAT FROM WEST AFRICAN DWARF BUCK
Authors: EKANEM E. O. , ESSIEN E. B. A.
Published: March 2021

Meat samples from West African dwarf buck Were stored at -10°C for 6 weeks with the aim studying the effect of frozen storage duration on organoleptic properties. Analysis of variance showed that the flavor of the meat was significantly better (P<0.05) at the commencement of storage than 2 weeks later. generally objectionable, Mean flavor rating at 4 weeks was higher (P<0.05) than that at 6 weeks but no higher than rating at 2 weeks (P>0.05). Changes in color and juiciness were not significant (P>0.01) throughout the storage period while those in texture and overall acceptability were non- significant (P>0.05). There were high, but negative and very highly significant correlation (r-0.83to -0.99; P<0.001) between the  duration of storage and organoleptic properties, as well as duration accounting for 90% and 99% of the variabilities in flavor and acceptability  respectively. Strong positive and very highly significant correlations (r=0.87 to 0.97;P<0.001) were observed between acceptability juiciness, texture and flavor ratings. The strong influence of flavor on acceptability supported the widespread but unpublished indications and reports of the desirability of the strong sex odour by buck meat consumers in southeastern Nigeria.
THE FEEDING VALUE OF MANGO SEED KERNEL MEAL IN BROILER DIETS
Authors: Faniyi G. F.
Published: March 2021

Maize was replaced with Mango seed kernel meal MSKM at 50% levels (w/w) in broiler starter and finisher diets in an eight week feeding trial. 120 day-old broiler chicks were used for the experiment, 30 chicks were randomly assigned to each of the four treatments in a completely randomized design. There were differences (P <0.05) in the average feed intake, average body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency during  both phases. Mortality was generally low. However, as MSKM content of the diets increased, performance of the broiler decreased at both phase. At the end of the starter phase, feed intake (g/bird) was 1363, 1239, 1275, 1075 for the diets that contained 0%, 50%, 75 and 100% MSKM respectively. At the finisher phase, consumption was higher in the  maize – based diets (0%) and least in 100% MSKM – based diet. Body weight gain (g/bird) was 568, 422, 390, 510 and 310 at finishing in that order for the diets that contained MSKM 0%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Feed cost kg-1 and feed cost kg-1 live weight gain increased from 0% to 100% MSKM could be used as an energy source in broiler diets but it need further processing to fully realise this potential
Semen Characteristics of First and Second Ejaculates of Buffalo Bulls With and Without Sexual Stimulation
Authors: Yassen A. M. , Ibraheim M. A.
Published: March 2021

Four treatments, no sexual preparation (control), 10 min restraint, three false mounts and 10 min restraint followed by three false mounts, were replicated with eight sexually mature buffalo bulls, before the first and second ejaculates to study their effects on the seminal characteristics of buffalo bulls. Seminal characteristics of both first and second ejaculates were improved significantly by sexual stimulation. Animals allowed no sexual stimulation yielded inferior first ejaculates than second ejaculates in all seminal characteristics. First ejaculates, in this case, served as stimulus to second ejaculates and contributed to its superiority. Moderate sexual stimulation (R or FM) before ejaculation improved the first ejaculates and reduced the difference between them and second ejaculates in all seminal characteristics. However, high degrees of sexual stimulation (R or FM) caused the superiority of the first ejaculates to the second ejaculates in seminal characteristics.
Studies on Comparative Utilization of Urea and Groundnut Cake Rations by Young Growing West African Dwarf Goats
Authors: Akinsoyinu A. O. , Mba A. U. , Olubajo F. O.
Published: March 2021

TWELVE West African Dwarf castrated goats, 6-8 months old, ranging in live-weight from 7 to 15 kg, were maintained on cassava flour-based rations with two sources of nitrogen from urea and roundnut cake. Each nitrogen source was fed to the goats at three levels of crude protein viz., 10, 17 and 24 These rations constituted the concentrate fraction as supplements to Cynodon nlemfensis. Six of the goats were slaughtered at the end of about three months on the dietary treatments, and the other six animals three months later; the overall experiment lasted for six months. It was found that the dressing-out percentage (51.2) on the groundnut cake - based supplement was not significantly higher than that of animals on the urea ration (50.0). 'The two sources of nitrogen had no effect on the major cuts, such as the thigh, loin, shoulders and also the protein contents of the organs and muscles.
In Vivo and in Vitro Digestibility of Four Tropical Grass Species Growing at Ibadan
Authors: Olubajo F. O. , Tenabe V. O.
Published: March 2021

Digestibility trials carried out in November and December, 1971 with twelve West African dwarf ram fed Cynodon nlemfuensis var. robustus; Cynodon nlemfuensis var. nlemfuensis: Pennisetum purpureum Schum; and Panieum maximum, Jacq, each at 4 weeks and 8 weeks of regrowth showed that the differences that may exist between methods and among treatments in organic matter digestibility were not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Similarly, analysis showed no significant differences among animals or between periods within each treatment except for Cynodon  nlemfuensis  var. nlemfuensis where differences between period were significant (P <0.01). There were high positive correlations between in vitro and in vivo organic matter digestibilities as well as between in vitro organic matter digestibility and Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN).  It is suggested that in vitro organic matter digestibility can be used to predict the digestibility of these tropical grass species and, may be, other similar grass species.
Effects of Infusing and Feeding Antibiotic on Growth and Nutrient Balance in Sheep
Authors: Akerejola O. O. , Harbers L. H. , Noordsy J. L.
Published: March 2021

TWO growth trials and nutrient digestibility studies were done using 12 Hampshire Rambouillet crossbred lambs given antibiotic orally or abomasally. Daily gain and efficiency of feed utilization were lower in the abomasally-infused animals. Crude fibre, protein, dry and organic matter digestibility was significantly lower [P<0.05] in those on oral antibiotics, as was the statistically significant difference in phosphorus intake [P<0.05). A 2-way analysis of variance showed that antibiotic administered orally or intra-abomasally did not significantly effect any changes in serum calcium and phosphorus balance. The average daily gain obtained in the second growth trial when the abomasally-infused group was switched on to oral antibiotic was the same as those on oral antibiotic from the start. These data indicate that oral route of antibiotic administration is preferable.
Effect of Storage on the Internal Quality, Physical Composition and Weights of Eggs
Authors: Olomu J. M.
Published: March 2021

THREE experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of storage on the quality of eggs produced in Nigeria It was observed that when eggs were stored at room temperature of 5.2oC for 4 weeks, a progressive weekly decline in Haugh units, yolk index and egg weights occurred. A much smaller decline in Haugh units and yolk index was observed when the eggs were stored in an air conditioned room at a temperature of 18.2oC When the eggs were stored in the refrigerator for 4 weeks at 3.5oC the internal quality of the eggs was relatively preserved and a much smaller decline in egg weights occurred, Maximum albumen pH was attained within 3 to 4 days of storage in all cases. It was also observed that the albumen, as a percentage af egg contents, decreased with storage time but the largest decrease was observed with the eggs stored at room temperature