bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O FILĂ DIN ISTORIA DREPTULUI MUNCII: STATUTUL SERVITORILOR ȘI MUNCITORILOR AGRICOLI ÎN OLTENIA PRIMEI JUMĂTĂȚI A SECOLULUI XX
Authors:   Universitatea din Craiova, Facultatea de Drept, Radu Roxana Cristina
Published: February 2024

The 1866-1918 period was characterized by the elaboration of a vast legislation in the field of labor relations. The constitution of 1866 was followed by a whole series of laws - the Missir Law, the Orleanu Law, the Nenițescu Law for the organization of trades, credit and workers' insurance from 1912, etc. - through which a series of minimum protection rights of workers were established, following that their legal regime will be concretized by ordinary laws, laws which, however, were left waiting for a long time in certain fields. If there were, however, certain salary norms for industrial workers, and a series of regulations of the Communal Councils establishing the clauses of service contracts for servants, for agricultural workers there could be no question of establishing a remuneration regime. The payment of the agricultural worker was made according to the custom of the land, in money or in kind, the value of the salary oscillating depending on the set of concrete conditions existing in the respective region at the given time. In fact, until 1937, Romanian legislation did not include any rule regulating the use of labor in agriculture, and the institution of the collective labor contract, able to ensure favorable conditions of stability and wages for workers, was unknown and, through therefore, inaccessible to agricultural workers.
TRADIȚIA CONSTITUȚIONALISMULUI ROMÂNESC (PRAVILE, LEGIUIRI, REGULAMENTE ÎN SECOLELE XVII-XIX)
Authors:   Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane din Craiova „C.S. Nicolăescu-Plopşor”, al Academiei Române, Nacu Florin
Published: February 2024

We will insist on a series of documents, the Rule of Govora, the Mavrocordat Constitution from the Mercure de France, the Caragea Legislation, the Callimachus Code, the Pravilniceasca Condica (Code of Laws), the Demands of the Romanian People, the „Carbonara” Constitution, the Akkerman Convention, the Treaty of Adrianopol-the Special Act for the Principalities, the Act of Union and Independence, the Special Act of appointing the Sovereign (drafted by Ion Câmpineanu), the Islaz Proclamation, the Balta Liman Convention, the Paris Convention, the 1866 Constitution with its amendments
Open access at the Wellcome Trust: 5 years on
Authors:   Europe PMC Team
Published: February 2024

In October 2006 the Wellcome Trust become the world’s first research funder to develop an open access policy that required the research outputs, that arose from its funding, to be made freely available.
Links to chemical compounds now enabled
Authors:   Europe PMC Team
Published: February 2024

As part of the text-mining work being undertaken by European Bioinformatics Institutue [EBI] and The National Centre for Text Mining [NaCTeM], it is now possible to get a list of all chemicals cited in a full-text article at UKPMC and link through to Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) database for further information. By way of example, on viewing the article at http://ukpmc.ac.uk/abstract/PMC/PMC1828400
Clinical outcomes of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in nonagenarians and octogenarians: a comparative nationwide analysis
Authors: Elfert Khaled , Love James , Elromisy Esraa , Jaber Fouad , Nayudu Suresh , Ho Sammy , Kahaleh Michel
Published: February 2024

Background/Aims: Nonagenarians will purportedly account for 10% of the United States population by 2050. However, no studies have assessed the outcomes of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) in this age group.Methods: The National Inpatient Sample database between 2016 and 2020 was used to compare the clinical outcomes of NVUGIB in nonagenarians and octogenarians and evaluate predictors of mortality and the use of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD).Results: Nonagenarians had higher in-hospital mortality than that of octogenarians (4% vs. 3%, p<0.001). EGD utilization (30% vs. 48%, p<0.001) and blood transfusion (27% vs. 40%, p<0.001) was significantly lower in nonagenarians. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that nonagenarians with NVUGIB had higher odds of mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–1.7) and lower odds of EGD utilization (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.83–0.89) than those of octogenarians.Conclusions: Nonagenarians admitted with NVUGIB have a higher mortality risk than that of octogenarians. EGD is used significantly in managing NVUGIB among nonagenarians; however, its utilization is comparatively lower than in octogenarians. More studies are needed to assess predictors of poor outcomes and the indications of EGD in this growing population.
Entre a luta e o abandono
Authors: Veronese Osmar , Specht Lemos da Silva Daiane
Published: February 2024

A seletividade e precariedade dos estabelecimentos prisionais brasileiros revelam uma sociedade excludente e desigual, situação intensificada ao tratar sobre a mulher no cárcere, visto que a prisão foi criada por homens e para homens. No breu do breu, as mulheres são esquecidas, muito provavelmente, pelo legado da cultura patriarcal que predomina na sociedade, ao colocar a mulher em segundo plano. Dessa forma, o tema do presente estudo é a mulher encarcerada, delimitado em abordar o seu abandono também em razão dos resquícios do patriarcado e da dominação masculina. Como objeto principal, bem como pergunta norteadora tem-se: em que medida a herança do patriarcado (im)possibilita a ausência de reconhecimento e legitima a violação de direitos das mulheres encarceradas? Em busca de respostas, o artigo se estrutura em duas partes. A primeira, enfoca questões ligadas à liberdade das mulheres e os resquícios do patriarcado, fazendo uma sondagem quanto ao perfil da mulher encarcerada, bem como sua condição de (in)visibilidade, com a ausência de reconhecimento e reificação. A segunda, dialoga sobre a dignidade da pessoa humana e as condições atuais dos estabelecimentos prisionais. Quanto à metodologia empregada tem-se o método dedutivo analítico, com base de dados em pesquisa bibliográfica de doutrinadores que estudam a temática, na legislação e em dados/estatísticas da Organização Mulheres em Prisão. A abordagem encontra eco no fato de que, de um modo geral, a situação desigual da mulher na sociedade se agrava com a condenação à pena privativa de liberdade, consolidando  comportamentos culturais desiguais e excludentes, os quais precisam ser denunciados e revertidos.
O discurso político-religioso de líderes neopentecostais em redes sociais
Authors: Da Silva Daniel Eloi , Da Silva José Erbeson Lemos
Published: February 2024

É inegável que o discurso de líderes religiosos neopentecostais exerce influências sobre a visão de mundo e de sociedade que os seus fiéis e simpatizantes possuem e que a Constituição Federal garante, em seu art.5° a liberdade de expressão, bem como a de crença e de culto. Ocorre que, algumas lideranças deste seguimento extrapolam os limites das liberdades constitucionais e promovem discursos que vão de encontro a minorias que são historicamente marginalizadas, o que acaba por fomentar o discurso de ódio contra esses grupos sociais e estimulam tanto a violência simbólica como a material. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é o de analisar como os discursos de líderes religiosos influentes, neopentecostais veiculados em mídias digitais, como o Instagram, Twitter e Youtube entre os anos de 2020 e 2022, influenciaram fiéis e demais setores da sociedade a ter certos comportamentos que desencadeiam o ódio contra minorias socialmente vulneráveis e a criminalização de discursos homofóbicos e transfóbicos por parte do Supremo Tribunal Federal.
Estado de coisas inconstitucional no Brasil e o descontingenciamento dos recursos do FUNPEN
Authors: Fernandes Sampaio de Melo Myrlla Arielle
Published: February 2024

O Estado de Coisas Inconstitucional (ECI) foi reconhecido pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) através da Arguição por Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental (ADPF) nº 347. A ação trata da deplorável situação do sistema penitenciário brasileiro demonstrando a necessidade de transformações estruturais da atuação do Poder Público para modificar tal situação. Com a declaração do mencionado instituto, a Corte se afirma legitimada a interferir na formulação e implementação de políticas públicas para a superação do estado de inconstitucionalidade. A intenção da presente pesquisa é verificar o possível progresso da execução de uma das medidas cautelares deferidas, consubstanciada no descontingenciamento dos recursos do FUNPEN, analisando os possíveis efeitos instrumentais e simbólicos gerados desde a declaração do ECI. O trabalho utilizou a abordagem: a) da pesquisa bibliográfica, fazendo o apanhado doutrinário acerca do Estado de Coisas Inconstitucional e dos efeitos instrumentais e simbólicos da decisão judicial; e b) do estudo de caso, a partir da análise da decisão da ADPF nº 347 e suas implicações práticas para realizar uma análise qualitativa acerca do tema estudado. Conclui-se que há evolução do ECI no sistema normativo brasileiro, desde que haja mudanças significativas por parte do Supremo Tribunal Federal.
Evaluasi Kerasionalan penggunaan Antibiotik Pada Pasien ISPaA Usia Balita Di Puskesmas Ketapang Kota Tangerang Periode Januari-Desember 2022
Authors: Fadjariah Siti , Panduwiguna Ivans , Nugrahini Lestari
Published: February 2024

ISPA adalah penyakit menular yang menginfeksi saluran pernafasan manusia yang disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme seperti bakteri, jamur dan virus. Pengobatan ISPaA yang disebakan oleh bakteri diatasi dengan menggunakan antibiotik. Metode penelitian  adalah deskriptif dengan pengumpulan data secara retrospektif. Sampel yang gunakan sebanyak 154 rekam medis yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pederita ISPaA dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 79 (51%) dan jenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 75 (49%).  interval usia 2-3 tahun sebanyak 101 (66%) dan interval usia 4-5 tahun sebanyak 53 (49%).Antibiotik yang digunakan pada pengobatan ISPaA Balita paling banyak Amoksisilin sebesar 152 (99%) dan Kotrimoksazole sebanyak 2 (1%). Evaluasi rasionalisasi penggunaan antibiotik pasien ISPaA, yaitu 100% tepat pasien ,  100% tepat obat, 100%tepat indikasi, dan 90% tepat dosis.

 

Kata Kunci: ISPaA, Balita, antibiotik
PERILAKU KONSUMEN LOLOH DI KECAMATAN KUBUTAMBAHAN
Authors: Abdillah Eric Kurnia , Abdul Rahman Reza Ismail , Nugrahini Lestari , Devi Ni Putu Leony Ratna , Sastrawijaya I Gede Agus
Published: February 2024

Masyarakat Indonesia mengenal alternatif lain untuk mengatasi masalah kesehatan. Alternatif tersebut adalah obat herbal. Masyarakat Indonesia sudah mengenal obat herbal sejak zaman dahulu. Maka dari itu obat herbal sering disebut juga obat tradisional. Pengobatan menggunakan obat herbal atau obat tradisional masih dilakukan hingga sekarang karena dinilai lebih aman daripada menggunakan obat sintesis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku konsumen dan hubungan antara faktorfaktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku konsumen dengan perilaku konsumen loloh di Kecamatan Kubutambahan kabupaten Buleleng. Teknik pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini adalah Cluster Random Sampling, yaitu konsumen yang tinggal di kecamatan kubutambahan sebagai sumber data. Responden penelitian ini berjumlah 70 orang. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis korelasi Rank Spearman. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahui perilaku konsumen loloh yaitu konsumen sering mengkonsumsi jamu atau loloh dengan rata-rata frekuensi pembelian 4 kali dalam sebulan. Dalam satu bulan terakhir konsumen mengkonsumsi jamu atau loloh sebanyak 6 gelas, dan sebagian besar konsumen mengkonsumsi jamu atau loloh untuk menjaga stamina dan daya tahan tubuh
Critical appraisal of clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Schroll Jeppe Bennekou , Jeppesen Britta Tendal , Møller Morten Hylander , Jørgensen Karsten Juhl , Fally Markus , Brorson Stig
Published: February 2024

Ten questions to assess to what degree a clinical practice guideline is likely to be trustworthy: 1) Do the authors have conflicts of interests? 2) Is the clinical question relevant? 3) Have relevant stakeholders been involved? 4) Have methods for study selection been described? 5) Is there a link between evidence and recommendations (transparent methods)? 6) Has the certainty of evidence been assessed? 7) Have the methods for reaching recommendations been described? 8) Are the recommendations unambiguous? 9) Are the recommendations relevant in your situation? 10) Is there an implementation strategy?
Technopreneurship for Driving Economic Growth in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Awan Ayesha , Haroon ul Hasnain Muhammad , Jawad Arshad H.M.
Published: February 2024

Technopreneurship is one type of technology-based entrepreneurship that can help Pakistan's economy grow. It could reduce the percentage of intellectual unemployment among freshly graduated college students by creating jobs. Numerous research works have illustrated the ways in which a college education shapes and moulds individuals' personalities and thought processes, ultimately influencing their choice to pursue a career in technopreneurship.The purpose of this study is to provide a summary of the literature on technopreneurship. Technopreneurship research was conducted by reviewing and analysing technology evaluations and scholarly publications. The problem with this study is that the understanding and proficiency of technopreneurship varies across students from different professions. To address these gaps, higher education should be able to take the initiative in making sure that every student has the chance to pursue technopreneurship as a career. The article underscores the need of fostering an inventive, imaginative, and daring culture inside the entrepreneurial milieu. Through the use of surveys, interviews with technopreneurs, policy officials, and corporate executives, as well as quantitative and qualitative analysis, the research gave a full understanding of the possibilities and challenges associated to technopreneurship in Pakistan. This research aims to provide useful recommendations to investors, entrepreneurs, and policy makers on how to leverage technopreneurship to propel economic growth in Pakistan. By fostering a robust technopreneurial environment, Pakistan may increase job chances, enhance its global competitiveness, and promote sustainable economic growth.
Inset Tree Cavity Nesting Site: A Method of Cavity Creation for Oriental Pied Hornbill (Anthracoceros albirostris)
Authors:   Sarawak Forestry Corporation, Kwan Samantha , French Brian ,   Sarawak Forestry Corporation
Published: February 2024

Populations of most hornbill species continue to decline due to hunting and habitat degradation. Hornbills rely exclusively on tree cavity sites for nesting and incubation as part of their breeding behaviour. Since they are not able to excavate on their own, they require the presence of existing tree cavities. Additionally, the natural cavity size suitable for species such as Oriental Pied Hornbill requires mature trees in which cavities have formed within larger diameter wood. In disturbed forests, or in the urban context, the availability of large trees with potential nesting sites is even more limited. Man-made nesting boxes have been considered as alternatives to help increase the hornbills’ nesting options, but low nest productivity have been reported. This paper explores the practicality of using human assistance in creating inset tree cavities through the use of chainsaws and bore-cutting techniques to assist nesting of the Oriental Pied Hornbill (Anthracoceros albirostris) in Piasau Nature Reserve, an urban forest reserve in the state of Sarawak, Malaysia. These cutting and cavity excavation methods have been used successfully to resemble the natural process of cavity development for other secondary tree cavity nesting species.
The 'Forgotten Hemingway' of Sarawak's Literary Borderlands: Rediscovering the Prolific Literart Oeuvre of Ranee Sylvia Brooke
Authors:   United States Coast Guard Academy, Scott Zellen Barry
Published: February 2024

In recent years, while conducting research on the role of crossborder indigenous homelands in world politics – the topic of a multiyear research project funded by the Kone Foundation of Helsinki in 2016 and 2017, and the topic of my other paper presented at this year’s BRC conference – I’ve become intrigued, and later fascinated, and for a time completely obsessed, by the largely-forgotten literary contributions of Sarawak’s second and final Ranee, Lady Sylvia Brooke (née Brett), who occupied a unique vantage point in the literary borderland of British Southeast Asia with her dual role as a member of Sarawak’s ruling dynasty while at the same time serving as a vocal champion of those marginalised and dispossessed by British colonialism.
First successful CAPD patient in rural Sarawak
Authors:   Sarikei Divisional Health Office, Xavier Gregory , Doris Sakura ,   Miri General Hospital, Keng Hee Koh ,   Miri General Hospital
Published: February 2024

With increasing number of rural ESRF (end-stage renal failure) patients in the country, healthcare access for them is more constrained. As haemodialysis is not available in remote rural areas, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) can be an option. The challenge is to implement this procedure optimally under a setting without reasonable electric and water supply. This case write up is about the first patient who is still successfully undergoing CAPD in a remote rural setting in Sarawak. This 54-year-old Penan woman presented to Mulu Health Clinic with acute pulmonary edema, and was medevac out from Mulu to Miri Hospital. She was diagnosed to have end stage kidney failure hence subsequently organised for CAPD. Provisions and steps were taken to ensure CAPD could be carried out safely and sustainably in her rural home setting. It has then been almost four years since this patient is undergoing CAPD in her village. She undergoes regular follow up in Mulu Health Clinic and occasionally at the Nephrology Clinic in Miri Hospital. Understanding the demographics of Mulu as a rural area, such an attempt has proven possible and successful. Furthermore, it has improved the quality of life for this patient in particular. This case can be emulated by other patients who need CAPD in remote rural settings, hence transforming and bringing rural healthcare to another height in Sarawak.
Cavity Management Enhanced the Allelic Distribution of Great Hornbills in Eastern Khao Yai National Park
Authors:   Chulalongkorn University, Viseshakul Nareerat , Jirapiti Pipat ,   Chulalongkorn  University, Srinapawan Kanchid ,   Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Coservation, Poonswad Pilai ,   Mahidol University
Published: February 2024

Khao Yai National Park, covering an area of 2,168 km2, is very rich in wildlife. The park includes mainly monsoon evergreen forests inhabited by four species of hornbills, namely Anthracoceros albirostris, Buceros bicornis, Ptilolaemus austeni and Rhyticeros undulatus. Among these species, Great Hornbills, B. bicornis, are the largest birds and require the most in terms of quantity and quality of natural resources. They require very large cavity which is in short supply in the wild. The western part of the park supports a high population of Great Hornbills while in the eastern part has low density. From 2009, the study has been expanded to cover the eastern part. Following seven consecutive years (2009‒2015) of nest management, we studied the uses of nests with 4 microsatellites DNA markers specific for each allele of Great Hornbills. This study is to examine non-invasively the 49 DNA samples from mainly tailed feathers. We collected DNA from the shed feathers at or near the nests from Eastern and Western Khao Yai. The population structure analysis revealed by microsatellites markers, showed the inbreeding coefficient (Fis) of the local hornbills of Western Khao Yai improved from 0.45 in 2009 to -0.028 in 2015 with great genetic diversity. In 2014, these hornbills introduced 6 of 9 alleles into the Eastern Khao Yai (locus Bbi 3). Data showed the population connectivity between the two subpopulations. The gene flows potentially increase between the west and the east. Nonetheless, heterozygosity of Great Hornbills in the Eastern Khao Yai significantly improved from HObs = 0.615 to 0.750. Results also showed the availability of suitable nest cavities attracted hornbills from the western to eastern Khao Yai. This molecular approach indicates that the nest cavity management is one of the important strategies to secure the longterm survival of hornbills.
Predicting death anxiety based on attachment to God with a self-fulfilling prophecy
Authors: Nouri Razieh , Karimi Mojtaba
Published: February 2024

Aim: The aim of this study was to predict death anxiety based on attachment to God with the moderating role of self-compassion. Methods: The research method is descriptive correlation; The statistical population of the present study was all cancer patients in Isfahan province in 2020. In this research, virtual random sampling method was called for volunteers to participate in this research. The instruments used in this study were the Templer Death Anxiety Questionnaire, the Short Form Self-Compassion Questionnaire and the Beck and McDonald Attachment to God Questionnaire (2004). Data analysis was analyzed by path analysis method in SPSS software. Results: Statistical analysis showed that avoidance and anxiety attachment to God and self-compassion were both able to significantly predict death anxiety (p <0.01). Conclusion: It can be said that different types of attachment to God have important effects on death anxiety in cancer patients and also self-compassion significantly mediates the relationship between attachment styles to God and death anxiety.
Fast FPGA-Based Image Feature Extraction for Data Fusion in Autonomous Vehicles.
Authors: Gaia Jeremias , Orosco Eugenio , Rossomando Francisco , Soria Carlos
Published: February 2024

Computer vision plays a critical role in many applications, particularly in the domain of autonomous vehicles. To achieve high-level image processing tasks such as image classification and object tracking, it is essential to extract low-level features from the image data. However, in order to integrate these compute-intensive tasks into a control loop, they must be completed as quickly as possible. This paper presents a novel FPGA-based system for fast and accurate image feature extraction, specifically designed to meet the constraints of data fusion in autonomous vehicles. The system computes a set of generic statistical image features, including contrast, homogeneity, and entropy, and is implemented on two Xilinx FPGA platforms - an Alveo U200 Data Center Accelerator Card and a Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC ZCU104 Evaluation Kit. Experimental results show that the proposed system achieves high-speed image feature extraction with low latency, making it well-suited for use in autonomous vehicle systems that require real-time image processing. The presented system can also be easily extended to extract additional features for various image and data fusion applications.
Calidad de vida y sarcopenia en adultos mayores
Authors: Chiroy Muñoz Rosa Julia , Muñoz-Valle José Francisco
Published: February 2024

Introducción: El adulto mayor posee capacidad funcional si puede realizar sus labores, aún con uso de apoyos como bastones o andadores; su salud se ve condicionada por su historial de vida, presencia de fragilidad o de sarcopenia, enfermedades crónicas, recursos económicos, oportunidad de acceso al sistema de salud y la asistencia médica oportuna que le permita una vida digna. Objetivo: Describir de forma general la relación de la Categoría Internacional del Funcionamiento en adultos mayores con sarcopenia y su calidad de vida. Métodos: Como buscador de información científica se utilizó a Google Académico, las palabra clave empleadas fueron sarcopenia, longevidad, calidad de vida y categoría de funcionamiento. Fueron evaluados documentos de investigación provenientes de bases de datos: PubMed, Scielo e Hinari, que en general tenían menos de 10 años de publicación, en idioma español o inglés, con adecuada calidad metodológica; se excluyeron artículos que no concordaban con los objetivos del estudio. Se revisaron 89 referencias con el gestor Mendeley versión v1.59.0, únicamente citadas 44. Conclusiones: La sarcopenia es un síndrome geriátrico caracterizado por disminución de la masa, fuerza muscular y del rendimiento físico que repercute la calidad de vida. La evaluación de la calidad de vida y estadificación funcional son parte de la atención integral geriátrica.
Registration of variety: CIM-Surabhi: A linalool rich, high essential oil yielding variety of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum)
Authors:   CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR) P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow - 226, LAL RK , SHASANY AK , SINGH SMITA , SARKAR S , SINGH VR , CHANOTIYA CS , YADAV R , CHANDRA R , DHAWAN OP , GUPTA AK , KUMAR B , DHAWAN SS , GUPTA PANKHURI , ZAIM M , YADAV ANJU
Published: February 2024

The essential oil of sweet basil (family: Lamiaceae) is used in falvour, fragrance, food, oral health preparations and traditional house hold medicines. 189 genetic stocks of Genus Ocimum are available at CSIR-CIMAP for research and exploitation. The essential oil of sweet basil with linalool, linalool acetate in desired combinations are in high demand for making various innovative cosmetic and perfumery products. Applying half sib selection technique on an Ocimum basilicum population, a new improved cultivar (namely OBC-1) has been developed. This cultivar has been released for its commercial cultivation in the name of variety CIM-Surabhi. Besides being a high linalool containing genotype, this variety will also provide additional income to farmers as it yield higher herb (221. 30ql/ha) and essential oil (166 kg/ha) recovery. The oil of this variety is rich in 70-75 %(-) linalool. The (-) linalool in this variety is of 99.14 % purity and is superior to that obtained from lavender. The new cultivar also fits in crop rotation / intercropping between wheat and paddy and with other vegetables crops.
Transformer-based spatial-temporal detection of apoptotic cell death in live-cell imaging
Authors: Pulfer Alain , Pizzagalli Diego Ulisse , Gagliardi Paolo Armando , Hinderling Lucien , Lopez Paul , Zayats Romaniya , Carrillo-Barberà Pau , Antonello Paola , Palomino-Segura Miguel , Grädel Benjamin , Nicolai Mariaclaudia , Giusti Alessandro , Thelen Marcus , Gambardella Luca Maria , Murooka Thomas T. , Pertz Olivier , Krause Rolf , Gonzalez Santiago Fernandez
Published: February 2024

Intravital microscopy has revolutionized live cell imaging by allowing the study of spatial-temporal cell dynamics in living animals. However, the complexity of the data generated by this technology has limited the development of effective computational tools to identify and quantify cell processes. Amongst them, apoptosis is a crucial form of regulated cell death involved in tissue homeostasis and host defense. Live-cell imaging enabled the study of apoptosis at the cellular level, enhancing our understanding of its spatial-temporal regulation. However, at present, no computational method can deliver robust detection of apoptosis in microscopy time-lapses. To overcome this limitation, we developed ADeS, a deep learning-based apoptosis detection system that employs the principle of activity recognition. We trained ADeS on extensive datasets containing more than 10,000 apoptotic instances collected both in vitro and in vivo, achieving a classification accuracy above 98% and outperforming state-of-the-art solutions. ADeS is the first method capable of detecting the location and duration of multiple apoptotic events in full microscopy time-lapses, surpassing human performance in the same task. We demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of ADeS across various imaging modalities, cell types, and staining techniques. Finally, we employed ADeS to quantify cell survival in vitro and tissue damage in vivo, demonstrating its potential application in toxicity assays, treatment evaluation, and inflammatory dynamics. Our findings suggest that ADeS is a valuable tool for the accurate detection and quantification of apoptosis in live-cell imaging and, in particular, intravital microscopy data, providing insights into the complex spatial-temporal regulation of this process.
Structure of scavenger receptor SCARF1 and its interaction with lipoproteins
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Xu Fan , Li Guangyi , Cheng Chen , Yu Bowen , Zhang Ze , Kong Dandan , Chen Fabao , Liu Yali , Fang Zhen , Cao Longxing , Yang Yu , Gu Yijun , He Yongning
Published: February 2024

SCARF1 (Scavenger receptor class F member 1, SREC-1 or SR-F1) is a type I transmembrane protein that recognizes multiple endogenous and exogenous ligands such as modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and is important for maintaining homeostasis and immunity. But the structural information and the mechanisms of ligand recognition of SCARF1 are largely unavailable. Here we solve the crystal structures of the N-terminal fragments of human SCARF1, which show that SCARF1 forms homodimers and its epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains adopt a long-curved conformation. Then we examine the interactions of SCARF1 with lipoproteins and are able to identify a region on SCARF1 for recognizing modified LDLs. The mutagenesis data show that the positively charged residues in the region are crucial for the interaction of SCARF1 with modified LDLs, which is confirmed by making chimeric molecules of SCARF1 and SCARF2. In addition, teichoic acids, a cell wall polymer expressed on the surface of gram-positive bacteria, are able to inhibit the interactions of modified LDLs with SCARF1, suggesting the ligand binding sites of SCARF1 might be shared for some of its scavenging targets. Overall, these results provide mechanistic insights into SCARF1 and its interactions with the ligands, which are important for understanding its physiological roles in homeostasis and the related diseases.
Plastic vasomotion entrainment
Authors: Sasaki Daichi , Imai Ken , Ikoma Yoko , Matsui Ko
Published: February 2024

The presence of global synchronization of vasomotion induced by oscillating visual stimuli was identified in the mouse brain. Endogenous autofluorescence was used and the vessel “shadow” was quantified to evaluate the magnitude of the frequency-locked vasomotion. This method allows vasomotion to be easily quantified in non-transgenic wild-type mice using either the wide-field macro-zoom microscopy or the deep-brain fiber photometry methods. Vertical stripes horizontally oscillating at a low temporal frequency (0.25 Hz) were presented to the awake mouse and oscillatory vasomotion locked to the temporal frequency of the visual stimulation was induced not only in the primary visual cortex but across a wide surface area of the cortex and the cerebellum. The visually induced vasomotion adapted to a wide range of stimulation parameters. Repeated trials of the visual stimulus presentations resulted in the entrainment of the amplitude of the vasomotion. Horizontally oscillating visual stimulus is known to induce horizontal optokinetic response (HOKR). The amplitude of the eye movement is known to increase with repeated training sessions and the flocculus region of the cerebellum is known to be essential for this learning to occur. Here, we show a strong correlation between the average HOKR performance gain and the vasomotion entrainment magnitude in the cerebellar flocculus. Therefore, the plasticity of vasomotion and neuronal circuits appeared to occur in parallel. Efficient energy delivery by the entrained vasomotion may contribute to meeting the energy demand for increased coordinated neuronal activity and the subsequent neuronal circuit reorganization.
A scale-invariant log-normal droplet size distribution below the transition concentration for protein phase separation
Authors: Amico Tommaso , Dada Samuel , Lazzari Andrea , Trovato Antonio , Vendruscolo Michele , Fuxreiter Monika , Maritan Amos
Published: February 2024

Many proteins have been recently shown to undergo a process of phase separation that leads to the formation of biomolecular condensates. Intriguingly, it has been observed that some of these proteins form dense droplets of sizeable dimensions already below the transition concentration, which is the concentration at which phase separation occurs. To understand this phenomenon, which is not readily compatible with classical nucleation theory, we investigated the properties of the droplet size distributions as a function of protein concentration. We found that these distributions can be described by a scale-invariant log-normal function with an average that increases progressively as the concentration approaches the transition concentration from below. These results suggest the existence of a universal behaviour independent of the sequences and structures of the proteins undergoing phase separation, which is typically observed for second-order phase transitions. Based on these observations, we show that it is possible to use the scale invariance to estimate the critical concentration for phase separation.
Cell-type-specific origins of spinal rhythmicity at different locomotor speeds in larval zebrafish
Authors: Agha Moneeza A. , Kishore Sandeep , McLean David L.
Published: February 2024

Different speeds of locomotion require heterogeneous spinal populations, but a common mode of rhythm generation is presumed to exist. Here, we explore the cellular versus synaptic origins of spinal rhythmicity at different speeds by performing electrophysiological recordings from premotor excitatory interneurons in larval zebrafish. Chx10-labeled V2a neurons are divided into at least two subtypes proposed to play distinct roles in timing and intensity control. Consistent with distinct rhythm generating and output patterning functions within the spinal V2a population, we find that one subtype is recruited exclusively at slow or fast speeds and exhibits intrinsic cellular properties suitable for rhythmogenesis at those speeds, while the other subtype is recruited more reliably at all speeds and lacks appropriate rhythmogenic cellular properties. Unexpectedly, however, phasic firing patterns during locomotion in rhythmogenic and non-rhythmogenic subtypes are best explained by distinct modes of synaptic inhibition linked to cell-type and speed. At fast speeds reciprocal inhibition in rhythmogenic V2a neurons supports phasic firing, while recurrent inhibition in non-rhythmogenic V2a neurons helps pattern motor output. In contrast, at slow speeds recurrent inhibition in rhythmogenic V2a neurons supports phasic firing, while non-rhythmogenic V2a neurons rely on reciprocal inhibition alone to pattern output. Our findings suggest cell-type-specific, not common, modes of rhythmogenesis generate and coordinate different speeds of locomotion.
Overflow metabolism originates from growth optimization and cell heterogeneity
Authors: Wang Xin
Published: February 2024

A classic problem in metabolism is that fast-proliferating cells use seemingly wasteful fermentation to generate energy in the presence of sufficient oxygen. This counterintuitive phenomenon, known as overflow metabolism, or the Warburg effect in cancer, is universal across various organisms. Despite extensive research, its origin and function remain unclear. Here, we take
Escherichia coli
as a typical example and show that overflow metabolism can be understood through growth optimization combined with cell heterogeneity. A model of optimal protein allocation, coupled with heterogeneity in enzyme catalytic rates among cells, quantitatively explains why and how cells make the choice between respiration and fermentation under different nutrient conditions. Our model quantitatively illustrates the growth rate dependence of fermentation flux and enzyme allocation under various perturbations, which is fully validated by experimental results. Our work solves the long-standing puzzle of overflow metabolism and can be broadly used to address heterogeneity-related challenges in metabolism.
Popular Beliefs and Magic Promoting Fertility in the 20th Century and beginning of the 21st Century: The Case of Lithuania
Authors:   Vytautas Magnus University Faculty of Humanities Department of Cultural Studies, Kaunas, Lithuania, Vailionyte Nijole
Published: February 2024

The article examines and analyses magic concerning fertility in Lithuania in the 20th and 21st centuries. The aim is to answer the following questions: What means stimulating fertility are and were used today and in the past? Which have continued from the past and what new ones have emerged, either borrowed from other cultures or taken from contemporary medicine? The article is based on analysis of ethnographic sources and research, and on data from field research conducted between 2020 and 2022 collected using the in-depth interview method with 60 informants in Lithuania. Content analysis, comparative, and interpretation methods were used, enabling me to trace the development of magic, and the popularity and origin of beliefs diffused in contemporary society. Information gained from the mass media has also contributed to the definition of fertility magic, as given by members of modern society.
Innovative approaches to health services management: a critical analysis and future prospects
Authors: Marques Paula Cristina de Almeida , De Oliveira Paulo Alexandre Teixeira Faria Pereira , Barbosa Sofia Nair Meneses Pacheco , Porte Marcelo Santana
Published: February 2024

This study, entitled "Innovative Approaches in Health Services Management: A Critical Analysis and Future Perspectives", offers an in-depth assessment of emerging managerial strategies in the health sector. We investigate the historical evolution of these practices, examining success stories and contemporary challenges faced by health service managers. Highlighting the crucial importance of innovation, we explore current technological trends and discuss how these approaches are shaping the future of healthcare management. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of innovative management practices, encouraging critical reflection and providing valuable insights for practitioners, researchers and managers committed to continuously optimising healthcare services.
A defesa do trabalho escravo por representantes do legislativo no Brasil contemporâneo: uma reflexão crítica urgente!
Authors: Pinto Maria Lídia Nogueira , De Souza Rosália Beber
Published: February 2024

Este artigo se propõe a analisar os discursos dos  políticos brasileiros Sandro Fantinel e Luiz Philippe de Orleans e Bragança em relação à problemática do trabalho análogo à escravidão. Utilizando a abordagem teórico-metodológica de Norman Fairclough (2003), renomado autor na Análise Crítica do Discurso, buscou-se investigar as estruturas linguísticas que não apenas comunicam, mas também representam e modificam o mundo físico e social. Destacamos a capacidade desses discursos em moldar perspectivas e perpetuar o status quo em relação à classe hegemônica econômica. Como produto da interação social, demonstramos como o discurso pode influenciar os valores e as práticas sociais, sustentando práticas de abusos e desrespeitos aos Direitos Fundamentais ou modificá-los a partir de uma reflexão crítica ao desvelar as naturalizações.
Dynamics of Online Shopping Trends for Fashion Products: A Case Study of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Ranbir
Published: February 2024

Conducting research on online shopping for fashion products in Himachal Pradesh is crucial to understand consumer preferences, behavior, and challenges unique to the region. Insights gained can inform businesses, policymakers, and retailers, facilitating tailored strategies that enhance the online shopping experience and boost the local fashion industry's growth in the region. The study was conducted on 1500 respondents of Shimla and Solan cities of Himachal Pradesh. The data analysis was divided into two sections: descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Reliability Analysis, Validity Analysis, Mediation Analysis, Moderation Analysis, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), t-tests, ANOVA, etc., were applied in order to achieve the stipulated objectives and hypotheses of the study. It is found that customer awareness of online shopping has a positive influence on their buying behaviour for fashion products, establishing a significant relationship. A positive correlation is identified between customer awareness of online shopping and their satisfaction level with the online shopping experience. Customer satisfaction is found to positively affect customer buying behaviour. Factors influencing online fashion purchases directly impact customer buying behaviour.
Appraisal of Proximate Composition in Tiger Nut Yogurts and Selected Commercially Available Yogurts in Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria: A Comparative Study
Authors: Onuigbo, O. T.  , Nwamarah, J. U.  , Oparaji, E. H.  , Onuigbo, A. C.  , Ogwo, B. O.
Published: February 2024

This study evaluated the physicochemical, chemical and microbial compositions of tiger nut and selected conventional yoghurts. During the study proximate, mineral, vitamins, chemical and physicochemical and bacterial analysis were done accordingly. The results of proximate analysisshow that the fat and crude fibre compositions of tiger nut differed significantly (p < 0.05) with the values of conventional yoghurts, while no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the concentration values of ash. Tiger nut yoghurts recorded highest values of 8.39±0.04 mg/l (vitamin C), while Cd, Ni and Pb were below detectable limit in all the yoghurts. The concentration values of Cu in the conventional and tiger nut yoghurts varied significantly (p < 0.5). Tiger nut yoghurt concentration values of polyphenol, total tannin and phytate are significantly different (p < 0.05). Results show that pH, TTA and conductivity values in sample A, B and tiger nut yoghurts are not significantly different (p > 0.05), while it differed significantly (p < 0.05) with reference to viscosity, TSS, TS and magnesium. The microbial cell count of Lactobacillus acidophilus was dependent on innoculum size and number of days. At day 7 conventional yoghurt A, tiger nut yoghurt and conventional yoghurt B recorded the highest loads of TVC (3.8 x 102), TCC (4.33 x 102) and TBC (6.12 x 107), while the highest loads of 3.3 x 105 (TVC), 5.1 x 103 (TCC) and 4.1 x 106 (TBC) are observed in the tiger nut yoghurt, yoghurts A and B at day 14 respectively. The study recommends production and promotion of plant basedyoghurts drink for improvement of healthy and unhealthy individuals.
Solar Radiation Forecasting Models and their Thermodynamic Analysis in Asaba: Least Square Regression and Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Nwanze N. E. , Iweka Sunday Chukwuka , Madu K. E. , Edaﬁadhe E. D.
Published: February 2024

Least square regression and machine learning tools were used for the development of global solar radiation forecasting models for Asaba region. Data from the year 2013-2022 from Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Asaba was used for this study. The least square regression method was used to develop four global solar radiation -based models, tagged H1, H2, H3 and H4 with characteristic day length, solar declination angle, rainfall amount, etc. as its model terms while the machine learning models produced multilayer perceptron, coarse Gaussian model (SVM-based model) and XGBoost model. The prediction factors like mean bias error, mean percentage error, root mean square error, Nash-Sutcliffe equation, coefficient of correlation (R), t-test, and coefficient of determination (R2) were considered using the model terms. The results indicates that H4 model outperformed H1, H2, H3, machine learning models (SVM-based model, multilayer perceptron and XGBoost) and other existing models (MA-MME and MLR) with a mean percentage error value of 0.740, RMSE value of 46.588, Nash-Sutcliffe equation value of 0.739, higher R2 value of 0.7391, t-test value of 2.595E-24 and mean bias error value of -6.88E-12. Thus, H4 model results fell within accepted range. Additionally, the exergy of the global solar radiation of Asaba varied from 20-185 W/m2 which are good. This shows that a more efficient and ideal global solar radiation prediction model (H4) has been developed for Asaba and other regions that share similar climatic conditions.
Direct, Continuous Behavioral Analysis of Drug Action on Feeding
Authors: Goodson Simon , Halford Jason , Blundell John
Published: November 2004

Analysis of rodent feeding behavior during the study of anorectic drugs reveals that contextual variables such as type of food, drug, environment, and physiological state influence food intake. Temporal changes in behavior can signal the onset of a feeding modulation process, as is the case with anorectic drugs acting on distinct neurochemical mechanisms that change temporal behavioral profiles. Comparing the effects of anorectic agents in controlled animal assays can identify potential therapeutic drugs that may influence human eating behavior. This unit specifies the materials and procedures required for continuously monitoring the Behavioral Satiety Sequence, as well as a device for continuous, automatic measurement of the mass of food consumption by the animal during behavioral monitoring called the RUEMA (Rat Universal Eating Monitor Apparatus).
Animal Models of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: The STZ Rat Model
Authors: Morrow Thomas J.
Published: November 2004

Painful peripheral neuropathy is a common secondary complication of diabetes. The streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rat is the most commonly employed animal model used to study mechanisms of painful diabetic neuropathy and to evaluate potential therapies. A low dose STZ protocol is described for inducing experimental diabetes in the rat. Several behavioral assays are described, which are routinely used to assess different aspects of neuropathic pain in this animal model of diabetes mellitus, including mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia.
Identification of Human Antigen‐Specific T Cells Using MHC Class I and Class II Tetramers
Authors: Krueger Lori A. , Nugent C. Thomas , Hampl Johannes
Published: November 2004

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) tetramers typically consist of a fluorophore‐streptavidin complex and biotinylated soluble MHC molecules carrying a peptide of interest. Tetramers bind to T cell receptors (TCR) that recognize the MHC molecule/peptide combination with high specificity. Native MHC molecules are expressed as cell‐surface glycoproteins capable of binding a variety of peptides generated from the degradation of self and non‐self proteins for display to T cells. The human MHC gene locus is highly polymorphic, with >800 class I and >500 class II alleles currently identified. This heterogeneity contributes to the uniqueness of each person's immune system. This unit describes procedures for labeling CD8+ T cells with MHC class I tetramers and CD4+ T cells with MHC class II tetramers. The protocols can be used for detecting and enumerating human antigen‐specific T cells. Both CD8+ and CD4+ antigen‐specific T cells are rare events and require that sufficient numbers of cells be evaluated. To minimize nonspecific tetramer binding contributed by irrelevant cell populations, a cumulative gating strategy using positive selection and/or exclusion gating is described.