bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender Ideals Violation in Domestic and Economic Life as Found in Margaret Mitchell’s Gone With The Wind
Authors: Setyowati Lestari -
Published: March 2018

This study aimed at describing the violation of gender ideals of the main female character in Margaret Mitchell’s Gone with the Wind in relation to domestic and economic life and describing the possible reasons of why she violated them. The design used was content analysis in qualitative paradigm. Codifications and indicators were established to help to analyze the data. The theories used to analyze the data were the expansionist theory in gender, the Freudian Psychological theory, and the self-actualization theory. The finding shows that Scarlett O’Hara has violated the domestic ideals as a belle, wife, mother, and widow. She also violates the Victorian rules dealing with women and economic life. Scarlett’s violation of the rules in her society is caused by the internal factor and the external factor, the Civil War. It is the emergency, the occasion, and the condition at that time that makes her violate them. Her controversial acts in her society can be considered as a constructive change as it gears to women improvement and equality. The violation of gender ideals of her time does not always mean a negative deviation. It can also bring improvement for a better life.
Narratology and New Historicism in Keong Mas
Authors: Retnowati Retnowati , Ernawati Endang
Published: March 2018

The goal of this research was to know how the folktale Keong Mas was narrated based on Vladimir Propp’s Narratology (1968). Then the evidence in the story was compared to the historical evidence happening during the reign of the two dynasties in the Kediri Kingdom in the eleventh century using the theory of New Historicism. This research used a qualitative method which was based on library research. Furthermore, the research is to know that the work of literature is not always independent. It can be traced through the historical evidence in the folktale which becomes their clues. It is to inform the readers that a work of literature is actually the imitation, that is the reflection of the society.
Cooperative Scripts Model in Civic Education for Elementary School Students
Authors: Indriani Dian Eka
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this research was to eliminate misconceptions and increase the level of students’ comprehension on Civic Education subject cultural diversity in Indonesia matters. The research applied a quasi-experimental method. The respondents were 25 students of SDN Muhammadiyah 1 Banyuajuh, Malang. Data were analyzed descriptively qualitative and quantitative. The results show valid learning materials, activity on student-centered, teaching and learning materialized well (3,9). The result of students’ concept comprehension has been analyzed by N-Gain that shows improvement (0,75), and students’ misconception is decreasing. It can be said that the Cooperative Scripts learning materials are feasible, has influence, and can enhance the concept comprehension and significantly affect the elimination of students’ misconception on Civic Education subject in Elementary school students.
Fantasy Themes of Marine Retiree Group
Authors: Puspita Virienia
Published: March 2018

The research applied symbolic convergence theory as the main theories, with the subjective- interpretive paradigm. Through a qualitative approach, this study was conducted by using fantasy themes analysis. The subjects of this study were members of Marines retiree who lives in Tanah Baru and Rangkapan Jaya Baru, Depok. The object of this research was the aspect of communication in the form of verbal and nonverbal symbols of Marine retiree group members in expressing their fantasy themes. Thirteen informants were chosen as the sample with purposive and snowball sampling techniques. This study aimed to find and identify the fantasy themes of Marine retiree group through elements of setting, character, and action. The results show that the story of Marine retiree group is a bridge that connects the experience of the retired members of the Marines in the events of the past with the present time.
The Significance of Photography as Archives and Cultural Memory
Authors: Setiadi Criscentia Jessica
Published: March 2018

This research was conducted by using textual, qualitative approach while looking closer at the significant of the information that was produced in the form of photography. The aim of this research was to take a stance of the importance of photography as archives and cultural memory in its ability in promoting truths. Photography was observed as three forms; they were singular, plural, and archival. Singular forms suggested the selective association between the photographers and the photographs were taken. Plural formed resonance ideas and overall aspects in what sets of photography could bring. Archival forms offered memories as references. The result of this research shows that photography, despite its ability or inability in promoting truths, is a great pool of resources of gaining information and tracing history. Further to this research, looking closer to current social media applications that put photography forward can be one option to explore within this topic.
Dispositional Gratitude and Social Comparison Orientation among Social Media Users
Authors: Winata Caroline , Andangsari Esther Widhi
Published: March 2018

The study aimed to explore the relationship between dispositional gratitude and social comparison orientation among social media users. The present study used a non-experimental research design with a quantitative approach with survey technique by distributing questionnaires to 296 Bina Nusantara University students aged 18-24 who used social media. The correlation between dispositional gratitude and social comparison orientation was calculated by Spearman correlation technique. The result shows that dispositional gratitude and social comparison orientation have a significant negative correlation.
Analysis of Branding Strategy through Instagram with Storytelling in Creating Brand Image on Proud Project
Authors: Martinus Handy , Chaniago Fachmi
Published: March 2018

The objectives of the article were to study the branding strategy of a new age media company through social media with storytelling, how it could be utilized in the building of brand image, and what were the special characteristics of storytelling in social media environment, especially Instagram. The study provided an overview of factors in the online content update from social media to elevate interaction and to maintain the relationship between the company and its audience. Also specifying the points on how the information looked desirable to the customer. The qualitative descriptive content analysis was conducted to investigate how a new age media company with Instagram as the platform, which products were intangible and used storytelling in the delivery utilizes and mixes both components. Data were obtained by conducting the in-depth interview with company’s representative, public relations practitioner, and a follower of the company’s Instagram account, which then analyzed through data reduction. The research suggests that storytelling combined with social media features potentially strengthens all dimensions of brand equity with the brand image as the focus, primarily due to its engaging content, its ability to enhance the formation of an emotional connection, and its capabilities in improving recall and recognition. Branding activities conducted by Proud through Instagram can be said to be effective, taking into account the six main factors in providing updates, namely vividness, interactivity, informational content, entertaining content, position and valence of comments. Storytelling plays a role in communicating the company's brand and value. In addition, storytelling is also a branding tool that becomes an element that uniquely unveils a company with a competitor.
The Analysis of Line Sticker Character “Cony Special Edition”
Authors: Jessica Gitari , Franzia Elda
Published: March 2018

The method used for this research was qualitative approach and digital survey to respondents. The purpose was to find out the function of visual in LINE sticker of Cony Special Edition to help the communication between users. The analysis method used was semiotic methods. The result of this analysis is the understanding of LINE sticker of Cony Special Edition usage that managed to represent user’s expression while chatting in their chat room. Top use characters by the user are a character to express the emotion of touch with gratitude, being cornered or alone, mocking, sad and hopeless, and angry until eager to break something. This Cony Special Edition LINE sticker has become one of the objects of communications by its users. It is considered to becoming an attractive communication tool to its user.
Political Aspects in Educational Leadership: A Case Study in ASEAN Economic Community Era
Authors: Doringin Ferry , Oktriono Kristianus
Published: March 2018

The objective of this research was to see the political aspects in the success of educational leader using qualitative case study method. Leaders must realize their roles as a CEO, as an academician, and as a political leader. The research problem was why did the educational leaders had difficulty to take their role as political leaders and how to inspire them doing the role? The research applied a qualitative method by using “how” and “why” questions for analysis. There were some complicated issues in educational activities that were difficult to be solved but became easier if educational leaders have skills in persuading, negotiating, and using political process. The significant of the study was to inspire the educational leaders that they did not only take their role as the CEO, or the academician, but also the role as political leaders to be more successful in leading. Vocational and Training institutions in Indonesia face some challenges to be successful in ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) era. The leaders of the institutions will be more successful if they understand the political roles, political process, and political techniques.
Inclusion of Murder News in the Posmetro Padang Daily Newspaper: A Study of Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Fitri Rahayu , Rahmat Wahyudi
Published: March 2018

The purposes of this research were to describe the marginalized of the murder news and the process of inclusion of the murder news in the Posmetro Padang daily newspaper. The research applied a descriptive qualitative method. The object of this research was the inclusion strategy of the murder news in the paper. This occurred through three strategies; they were the differentiation strategy, objectivation-abstraction, and assimilation-individualization. The results of this research are the most journalists of murder news in Posmetro Padang daily newspaper try impartially and the perpetrators, as if the offender is a party that is good and right, while those who fall victim as a marginalized and regarded as the bad news. The inclusion of seven murders news that has been analyzed and published in the Posmetro Padang daily newspaper.
Influence of Maternal Toxoplasmosis on the Second-Trimester Aneuploidy Screening Test
Authors: Gorkem Umit , Gureser Ayse Semra , Togrul Cihan , Karasartova Djursun , Gungor Tayfun , Ozkan Aysegul Taylan , Kocak Ozgur
Published: March 2018

Objective: With apoptosis being critical for the development and homeostasis of placental tissues, it is possible to hypothesize that accelerated trophoblastic apoptosis during pregnancy may result in a partial loss of trophoblastic activity or trophoblastic cell mass, and ultimately may alter the second-trimester screening test parameters. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the influence of maternal toxoplasmosis on second-trimester aneuploidy screening tests.Study Design: This retrospective study was conducted with 552 pregnant women admitted to our University Hospital. The demographic data such as maternal age and weight; and the main parameters of second-trimester aneuploidy screening test including maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein, unconjugated estriol (uE3) and human chorionic gonadotropin were analyzed with the comparison of their Toxoplasma immunoglobulin serology results.Results: The mean age of the pregnant women was 27.6 (17.0 - 43.0) years, and the mean maternal weight was estimated at 65.0 (40.0 - 120.0) kg. The pregnant women with positive Toxoplasma IgG antibody had a higher mean maternal age than those with negative Toxoplasma IgG antibody (p< 0.0001). No significant difference for the concentrations and MoM values of second-trimester screening test parameters in women with Toxoplasma IgM and IgG antibodies was observed (p> 0.05, for all).Conclusion: Although IgG-seropositivity of toxoplasmosis may lead to an accelerated trophoblastic apoptosis during pregnancy, there is no significant influence on the second-trimester screening test results. There was no data regarding the unaffected population whom used for calculation of MoM, if they
A comparative study of manhole hydraulics using stereoscopic PIV and different RANS models
Authors: Beg Md Nazmul Azim , Carvalho Rita F. , Tait Simon , Brevis Wernher , Rubinato Matteo , Schellart Alma , Leandro Jorge
Published: March 2018

Flows in manholes are complex and may include swirling and recirculation flow with significant turbulence and vorticity. However, how these complex 3D flow patterns could generate different energy losses and so affect flow quantity in the wider sewer network is unknown. In this work, 2D3C stereo Particle Image Velocimetry measurements are made in a surcharged scaled circular manhole. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model in OpenFOAM® with four different Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) turbulence model is constructed using a volume of fluid model, to represent flows in this manhole. Velocity profiles and pressure distributions from the models are compared with the experimental data in view of finding the best modelling approach. It was found among four different RANS models that the re-normalization group (RNG) k-ɛ and k-ω shear stress transport (SST) gave a better approximation for velocity and pressure.
Naïve T Cells in Immunosuppression Diseases: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Setiawan Kent Wijaya , Sandra Ferry
Published: March 2018

Dynamic changes of naïve T cells determine mature T cells activity in cell-mediated immune response. It is important to understand the mechanism of homeostasis maintenance affect response to novel antigen toward T cell receptor-major histocompatibility complex interaction. Most of the analysis of naïve T cells relies on flow cytometric immunophenotyping to observe surface antigen alteration within maturation stage. The combination of different surface molecules, such as the cluster of differentiation 62L (CD62L), C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7), CD27, CD28, and CD45, can give satisfied discrimination between naïve T cells and other subsets. This parameter can be used to monitor the dynamic change of naïve T cells in some chronic diseases, like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Most of the patient experience loss of naive T cells due to a chronic immune response, which related to apoptotic induction in proliferating cells by viral activity. Some pathogens trigger the migration of naive T cells into lymph nodes to facilitate direct contact with the host cells. The virus infects the cells, use cells proliferation to multiply, and induce apoptosis of host cells after the virions released. Alteration of naive T cells in chronic disease becomes a parameter to oversee the treatment and to determine the future prognosis of the disease. In highly active antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection, observation of naïve T cells and combination of surface molecules, CD45RO− and CD27+ is used to show the improvement and proliferation rate of total naïve T cells. On the other hand, the transformation of naïve T cells into CMV-specific T cells become really important in CMV prognosis. These conditions suggest that dynamic change of naïve T cells affect to the clinical condition of chronic disease patients.Keywords: naïve T cells, immunophenotyping, HIV, CMV
Genetic Variants Involved in Bipolar Disorder, a Rough Road Ahead
Authors: Orrù Germano , Carta Mauro Giovanni
Published: March 2018

Background:

Bipolar Disorder (BD), along with depression and schizophrenia, is one of the most serious mental illnesses, and one of the top 20 causes of severe impairment in everyday life. Recent molecular studies, using both traditional approaches and new procedures such as Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS), have suggested that genetic factors could significantly contribute to the development of BD, with heritability estimates of up to 85%. However, it is assumed that BD is a multigenic and multifactorial illness with environmental factors that strongly contribute to disease development/progression, which means that progress in genetic knowledge of BD might be difficult to interpret in clinical practice.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to provide a synthetic description of the main SNPs variants identified/confirmed by recent extensive WGS analysis as well as by reconstruction in anin vitromechanism or by amygdala activation protocolin vivo.

Method:

Bibliographic data, genomic and protein Data Banks were consulted so as to carry out a cross genomic study for mutations, SNPs and chromosomal alterations described in these studies in BD patients.

Results:

Fifty-five different mutations have been described in 30 research papers by different genetic analyses including recent WGS analysis. Many of these studies have led to the discovery of the most probable susceptibility genes for BD, including ANK3, CACNA1C, NCAN, ODZ4, SYNE1, and TRANK1. Exploration has started the role of several of these mutations in BD pathophysiology usingin vitroand animal models.

Conclusion:

Although new genomic research technology in BD opens up new possibilities, the current results for common variants are still controversial because of four broad conditions: analytical validity, clinical validity, clinical utility and a reasonable cost for genetic analysis are not yet accessible.
The Elderly and the City: Lack of Knowledge on Violence Perception and Consequences on Daily Life
Authors: Bramanti Alessia , D’Aloja Ernesto , Cabras Federico , Paribello Pasquale , Moro Maria Francesca , Lindert Jutta , Carta Mauro Giovanni
Published: March 2018

Introduction:

Two main demographic phenomena have substantially changed the condition of elderly: the growth of the urban population and the increase in longevity.

Objective:

The aim of the present review is to investigate how the elderly living in the cities perceive the sense of insecurity compared to those who reside in rural areas, and their Quality of Life (QoL).

Method:

Studies published from January 2011 to August 2017 were identified on Google and PubMed combining the following terms: “elderly urban/rural QoL” or “old age urban/rural QoL”.

Results:

We found 18 different papers published. However, there was only one study on how the elderly perceive the violence in the city. Studies on quality of life were not univocal. Studies on depressive disorders in old age were most homogeneous showing a condition worsening in the cities. A study on the perception of violence in US showed in residents of cities and neighborhoods with the entertainment arena and casinos an increase of criminality perception. In contrast, the crime decreased in both above-mentioned neighborhoods.

Conclusion:

The condition of elderly in the cities is changed considerably in the recent years. It is estimated that this trend will increase in the coming years. We do not know how older people are experiencing these changes and how they perceive the persistence of violence in the cities. Future researches must satisfy this need by addressing the issue with appropriate methodological tools. This is a public health priority.
Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Potential of Essential Oil and Organic Extracts of Euphorbia tithymaloides L. from Kushtia Region
Authors: Rahman Atiqur , Rahman Mahmudur , Demirtas Ibrahim
Published: March 2018

Background:

In the traditional system of medicine, leaves and stem bark of Euphorbia tithymaloides
L. have been used for the treatment of asthma, persistent coughing, laryngitis, skin diseases and mouth ulcers.
Some studies have reported the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of phytochemicals from the leaf;
however, the analysis of essential oil and its antioxidant property is still unexplored.

Methods:

This study evaluates the in vitro antioxidant potential of the essential oil and organic extracts from
aerial parts of Euphorbia tithymaloides L.

Results:

Thirty one compounds representing 96.37% of total oil were detected by GC-MS, of which eugenol
(22.52%), phenyl ethyl alcohol (14.63%), 3-pentanol (9.22%), caryophyllene oxide (7.73%), isoeugenol
(7.32%), pentadecanol (5.14%), spathulenol (5.11%) and α-pinene (3.32%) were the major compounds. The oil
and ethyl acetate extract displayed potent DPPH (IC50 = 13.67 and 17.59 µg/mL, respectively) and superoxide
(IC50 = 21.83 and 42.34 µg/mL, respectively) radical-scavenging activities among all the tested samples. The
oil and methanol extract also exhibited remarkable nitric oxide radical-scavenging activities (IC50 = 90.45 and
112.63 µg/mL, respectively) among other extracts. Furthermore, the methanol extract contained the highest
amount of total phenolics as compared to other samples.

Conclusion:

The results demonstrate that the oil and extracts of E. tithymaloides could serve as natural antioxidants
for using in pharmaceutical or cosmetic industries.
Riluzole Inhibits Proliferation, Migration and Cell Cycle Progression and Induces Apoptosis in Tumor Cells of Various Origins
Authors: Lemieszek Marta Kinga , Stepulak Andrzej , Sawa-Wejksza Katarzyna , Czerwonka Arkadiusz , Ikonomidou Chrysanthy , Rzeski Wojciech
Published: March 2018

Background:

Regardless of contemporary improvements in cancer treatment, the results of drug
treatment are not always efficacious. Thus, the development of novel approaches that affect cancer cell-specific
metabolic pathways is needed. Since much evidence has shown that tumor cell proliferation and motility are
stimulated by glutamate via activation of its receptors, use of antagonists to these receptors may be the key to
control cancer cell progression. Riluzole noncompetitive metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) antagonist,
commonly used to treat patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), has shown some antineoplastic
properties against melanoma, breast and prostate cancer. Yet little is known about its molecular mode of action.

Aims:

The current study aims at evaluating the abilities of Riluzole to inhibit proliferation of several cancer cell
lines, as well as resolve the mechanism of its action.

Method:

We demonstrated antiproliferative and antimigrative properties of Riluzole in rhabdomyosarcomamedulloblastoma,
neuroblastoma, astrocytoma, glioma, colon cancer, lung cancer, thyroid carcinoma, leukemia,
erythroleukemia and multiple myeloma. Our studies revealed apoptosis induction and G2-M cell cycle arrest in
Riluzole treated A549, C6 and HT-29 cells.

Result:

At the molecular level, we found that these cells treated with Riluzole had a decrease of Cyclin B and an
increase of p21 Waf1/Cip1 and p53 expression. We also observed an enhancement of CDK1 and Chk2 phosphorylation.
Reported changes may suggest the involvement of these proteins in G2-M arrest, observed in flow
cytometry analysis. These data indicated the potential use of Riluzole in the treatment of different types of cancers.
Should Live Patient Licensing Examinations in Dentistry Be Discontinued? Two Viewpoints
Authors: Chu Tien-Min Gabriel , Makhoul Nicholas M. , Silva Daniela Rodrigues , Gonzales Theresa S. , Letra Ariadne , Mays Keith A.
Published: March 2018

This Point/Counterpoint article addresses a long‐standing but still‐unresolved debate on the advantages and disadvantages of using live patients in dental licensure exams. Two contrasting viewpoints are presented. Viewpoint 1 supports the traditional use of live patients, arguing that other assessment models have not yet been demonstrated to be viable alternatives to the actual treatment of patients in the clinical licensure process. This viewpoint also contends that the use of live patients and inherent variances in live patient treatment represent the realities of daily private practice. Viewpoint 2 argues that the use of live patients in licensure exams needs to be discontinued considering those exams’ ethical dilemmas of exposing patients to potential harm, as well as their lack of reliability and validity and limited scope. According to this viewpoint, the current presence of viable alternatives means that the risk of harm inherent in live patient exams can finally be eliminated and those exams replaced with other means to confirm that candidates are qualified for licensure to practice.
Analyzing Dental Students’ Clinic Production Using Time‐Based Relative Value Units: Ten‐Year Cross‐Cohort Mapping
Authors: Watkins R. Todd , Conn Linc J. , Gellin Robert G. , Gonzales Theresa S. , Hamil Lindsey M. , Cayouette Monica J. , Schmidt Michael G.
Published: March 2018

The analysis of dental students’ clinical production/participation has been used to assess whether a prospective graduate is capable of unsupervised and independent practice (that is, competent to perform that practice). This method and others have inherent biases that may not accurately reflect whether the student has mastered the associated concepts and techniques required for dentistry. The aim of this study was to assess an informatics system that assigned curriculum meta‐tags with time‐based relative educational value units (ReVUs) to each clinical procedure performed by Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) students. The system has been used since 1998, but for this study the complete data sets for the MUSC graduating classes of 2007 through 2016 were mapped using microcompetency codes for the dental procedures. In total, 421,494 procedures were formatted and analyzed using software developed to aggregate disparate data sets from clinical activities into a common format for evaluation. The results showed that the ten classes (cohorts) were very consistent with cohort high ReVUs averaging 7,317.1 points, cohort mean ReVUs being 5,180.2 points, and cohort low ReVUs averaging 3,381 points. A detailed analysis of student effort by dental subspecialty found that preventive activities represented 13.4%, patient assessment 32.6%, periodontology 2.8%, restorative dentistry 16.3%, prosthodontics 21.9%, endodontics 6.7%, and oral surgery 5.7% of the total points in the clinical part of the curriculum. In this system, point thresholds can be easily generated to monitor students’ progress towards competence for each defined competency and thus assess their progress towards acquiring the skills required for unsupervised, independent practice.
Methods and Purposes for Conducting Students’ Course Evaluations Reported by North American Dental School and Dental Hygiene Program Leaders: A Preliminary Survey Study
Authors: Reinke Robin E. , Enright Tonya , Love Rebecca , Patel Shalizeh A. , Ali Ala Omar , Horvath Zsuzsa
Published: March 2018

The aim of this preliminary survey study was to determine the perceptions of leaders of dental schools and dental hygiene programs regarding methods of and purposes for conducting students’ course evaluations and their role in course improvement, curriculum design, and faculty assessment. A short electronic survey was distributed in 2016 to the academic deans of all 76 dental schools in the U.S. and Canada and a convenience sample of program directors of 232 of the total 332 accredited dental hygiene programs. Individuals from 93 institutions responded for an overall response rate of 30%: 30 of 76 dental schools (39.5% response rate) and 63 of the 232 dental hygiene programs (27% response rate). All of the respondents (100%) reported that their institutions’ full‐time faculty members were assessed by students in course evaluations for each course and semester they taught. However, only 78% reported that their part‐time faculty members were evaluated by students. Course evaluations were mandatory in 62% (n=58) of the responding institutions, with the remaining 38% (n=35) optional. Respondents indicated course directors received the evaluation results for purposes of annual review (n=73, 78%) and instructional review (n=70, 75%). Further investigation of the use and effects of student evaluations is needed to better understand their role in faculty assessment and other aspects of the administration of dental schools and dental hygiene programs.
A Scoring System for Assessing Learning Progression of Dental Students’ Clinical Skills Using Haptic Virtual Workstations
Authors: Ria Sama , Cox Margaret J. , Quinn Barry F. , San Diego Jonathan P. , Bakir Ali , Woolford Mark J.
Published: March 2018

The aim of this study was to develop and test a scoring system to assess the learning progression of novice dental students using haptic virtual workstations. For the study, 101 first‐year dental students at a UK dental school conducted one practice task (task 1) and four simulated cavity removal tasks (tasks 2–5) of increasing difficulty over two laboratory sessions in 2015. Performance data on the students’ attempts were recorded as haptic technology‐enhanced learning (hapTEL) log‐files showing the percentage of caries, healthy tissue, and pulp removed. On‐screen results were photographed and submitted by the students to the tutors. A scoring system named the Accuracy of Caries Excavation (ACE) score was devised to score these results and achieve an even distribution of scores and a calculated combined score. A total of 127 individual logged attempts by 80% of the students over sessions 1 and 2 were recorded and submitted to the tutors. The mean ACE scores for both sessions for tasks 2 through 5 were 9.2, 11.6, 6.4, and 4.9, respectively; for Session 2 (tasks 3–5), scores were 12.4, 6.7, and 5.0, respectively (p<0.001). The average performance on task 3, which was attempted in similar numbers during both sessions, improved from the first to the second session (8.14 vs. 12.38; p=0.009). Using the HapTEL system in a first‐year BDS curriculum improved the students’ performance of simulated cavity preparation after practicing over two sessions. Use of the ACE scoring system enabled tutors to make consistent assessments across a large student cohort and provided an objective method of formative assessment.
Dental Students’ Interpretations of Digital Panoramic Radiographs on Completely Edentate Patients
Authors: Kratz Richard J. , Nguyen Caroline T. , Walton Joanne N. , MacDonald David
Published: March 2018

The ability of dental students to interpret digital panoramic radiographs (PANs) of edentulous patients has not been documented. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the ability of second‐year (D2) dental students with that of third‐ and fourth‐year (D3‐D4) dental students to interpret and identify positional errors in digital PANs obtained from patients with complete edentulism. A total of 169 digital PANs from edentulous patients were assessed by D2 (n=84) and D3‐D4 (n=85) dental students at one Canadian dental school. The correctness of the students’ interpretations was determined by comparison to a gold standard established by assessments of the same PANs by two experts (a graduate student in prosthodontics and an oral and maxillofacial radiologist). Data collected were from September 1, 2006, when digital radiography was implemented at the university, to December 31, 2012. Nearly all (95%) of the PANs were acceptable diagnostically despite a high proportion (92%) of positional errors detected. A total of 301 positional errors were identified in the sample. The D2 students identified significantly more (p=0.002) positional errors than the D3‐D4 students. There was no significant difference (p=0.059) in the distribution of radiographic interpretation errors between the two student groups when compared to the gold standard. Overall, the category of extragnathic findings had the highest number of false negatives (43) reported. In this study, dental students interpreted digital PANs of edentulous patients satisfactorily, but they were more adept at identifying radiographic findings compared to positional errors. Students should be reminded to examine the entire radiograph thoroughly to ensure extragnathic findings are not missed and to recognize and report patient positional errors.
The Role of E27-K31 and E56-K10 Salt-Bridge Pairs in the Unfolding Mechanism of the B1 Domain of Protein G
Authors: Sumaryada Tony Ibnu , Sawitri Kania Nur , Wahyudi Setyanto Tri
Published: March 2018

Molecular dynamics simulations of the B1 fragment of protein G (56 residues) have been performed at 325, 350, 375, 400, 450 and 500 K for 10 ns. An analysis of its structural and energetic parameters has indicated that the unfolding process of the GB1 protein begins at 900 ps of a 500-K simulation. The unfolding process is initiated when hydrogen bonds in the hydrophobic core region are broken; it continues with the α-helix transformation into coils and turns and ends with the destruction of the β-hairpins. These unfolding events are consistent with the hybrid model of the protein folding/unfolding mechanism, which is a compromise between the hydrophobic core collapse model and the zipper model. Salt-bridge pairs were found to play an important role in the unfolding process by maintaining the integrity of the tertiary structure of the protein. The breaking (or disappearance) of the salt-bridge pairs E27–K31 (in the α-helix) and E56–K10 (connecting β4 and β1) has resulted in the destruction of secondary structures and indicates the beginning of the unfolding process. Our results also suggest that the unfolding process in this simulation was not a complete denaturation of the protein because some β-hairpins remained
Synthesis, Radiochemical Purity Control and Stability of Scandium-46-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (46Sc-NOTA)
Authors: Setiawan Duyeh , Hastiawan Iwan , Bashiroh Asri Nurul
Published: March 2018

Radiotherapy is one of healing method of cancer using radionuclide elements. The radionuclide scandium-46 (46Sc) has a half-life of 83.8 days, beta emission 0.35 MeV and gamma emission 899 and 1120 keV is suitable for studying the chemical aspects, synthesis and stability of scandium complex for radiotherapy. The purposes of this research are synthesis of scandium-46-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (46Sc-NOTA) labeled compound based on formation of a complex bonding in stoichiometry between radioisotope 46Sc and 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA) ligand, and radiochemical purity and stability assay of 46Sc-NOTA. In this research, conducted that optimum moles several variables, namely moles comparison and pH effect was used. The result are optimum conclusion of mole comparison between radioisotope and ligand was 1:2 (46Sc : NOTA) and environment at pH 5. The radiochemical purity and stability assay of 46Sc-NOTA was carried out by paper chromatography and the result showed that 46Sc-NOTA has radiochemical purity of 99.09 ± 0.2% and remained stable for 9 days.
The Modification of PVDF Membrane via Crosslinking with Chitosan and Glutaraldehyde as the Crosslinking Agent
Authors: Silitonga Romaya Sitha , Widiastuti Nurul , Jaafar Juhana , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi , Abidin Muhammad Nidzhom Zainol , Azelee Ihsan Wan , Naidu Mahesan
Published: March 2018

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) has outstanding properties such as high thermal stability, resistance to acid solvents and good mechanical strength. Due to its properties, PVDF is widely used as a membrane matrix. However, PVDF membrane is hydrophobic properties, so as for specific applications, the surface of membrane needs to be modified to become hydrophilic. This research aims to modify PVDF membrane surface with chitosan and glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker agent. The FTIR spectra showed that the modified membrane has a peak at 1655 cm-1, indicating the imine group (–N=C)- that was formed due to the crosslink between amine group from chitosan and aldehyde group from glutaraldehyde. Results showed that the contact angle of the modified membrane decreases to 77.22° indicated that the membrane hydrophilic properties (< 90°) were enhanced. Prior to the modification, the contact angle of the PVDF membrane was 90.24°, which shows hydrophobic properties (> 90°). The results of porosity, Ɛ (%) for unmodified PVDF membrane was 55.39%, while the modified PVDF membrane has a porosity of 81.99%. Similarly, by modifying the PVDF membrane, pure water flux increased from 0.9867 L/m2h to 1.1253 L/m2h. The enhancement of porosity and pure water flux for the modified PVDF membrane was due to the improved surface hydrophilicity of PVDF membrane.
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) Fingerprint Combined with Chemometrics for Identification of Metabolites Content and Biological Activities of Curcuma aeruginosa
Authors: Septaningsih Dewi Anggraini , Darusman Latifah Kosim , Afendi Farit Mochamad , Heryanto Rudi
Published: March 2018

Curcuma aeruginosa is known as one of the components of herbal medicine with various biological activities. This research aims to identify the metabolites content of C. aeruginosa related to their biological activities using LC-MS fingerprint combined with chemometrics. C. aeruginosa from 3 areas in Java were collected and macerated with ethanol and then analyzed with LC-MS. Along with this analysis, the antioxidant activity of all samples was determined using CUPRAC method, and the toxicity was determined using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), and chemometric method was used Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least square (PLS). Metabolites profiles showed 175 predicted compounds, in which the dominant compounds are from the sesquiterpene of Curcuma genus. The PCA metabolites profiles can separate the samples by their location of origin. Interpretation of the correlation between metabolites profiles and their bioactivities was determined using PLS technique. The results showed that the toxicity of samples was exerted by compounds with ion mass of 312.28 and 248.15, which have the highest antioxidant and toxicity potentials. Compounds with ion mass of 248.15 were predicted to be 9-Oxo-neoprocurcumenol, 7α,11α,-Epoxy-5β-hydroxy-9-guaiaen-8-one, Curcumenolactone A, or Curcumenolactone B. While compound with ion mass of 312.28 was predicted to tetrahydro-bisdemethoxycurcumin.
A Green Synthesis of a Novel Calix[4]Resorcinarene from 7-Hydroxycitronellal Using Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Sardjono Ratnaningsih Eko , Musthapa Iqbal , Rosliana Iis , Khoerunnisa Fitri , Yuliani Galuh
Published: March 2018

A new versatile macromolecule cyclic C-3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxycalix[4]resorcinarene (CDHHK4R) has been synthesized from a fragrance agent, 7-hydroxycitronellal, via microwave irradiation. The reaction utilized a domestic microwave oven at various irradiation time and power to yield an optimum condition. As a comparison, the conventional heating method was also employed for the synthesis of the same calix[4]resorcinarene. Compared to the conventional method, microwave-assisted reaction effectively reduced the reaction time, the amount of energy consumption and the waste production. It is found that the synthesis of CDHHK4R by microwave irradiation yielded 77.55% of product, higher than by conventional heating which was only 62.17%.
Antidiabetic Activities and Identification of Chemical Compound from Samama (Anthocephalus macrophyllus (Roxb) Havil)
Authors: Anisah Laela Nur , Syafii Wasrin , Pari Gustan , Sari Rita Kartika
Published: March 2018

Samama (Anthocephalus macrophyllus) is one of a pioneer indigenous fast growing species in Indonesia which have been used as traditional medicine for various diseases. The objectives were to determine the yield extract, to analyze their antidiabetic activity by inhibition assay for α-glucosidase enzyme activity and chemical analysis with GCMS. Extraction of leaves, bark and wood samples were done by using ethanol 95%. Fractionation the most active  ethanol extract was conducted by using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The yield of ethanol extracts in leaves, bark and wood were 13.90%, 12.87%, and 2.18% respectively. Based on antidiabetic activity assay, the bark ethanol extract was the most active extract by the IC50 value of 5.86 μg mL-1. Phytochemical analysis on bark ethanol extracts showed that they contained flavonoid, quinon, triterpenoid, saponin and tannin which were assumed have high contribution in antidiabetic activities. The result of fractionation ethanol extract bark showed that the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active fraction (IC50 6.82 μg mL-1). GCMS analysis indicated the presence of dominant phenolic compounds such as pyrocatechol, antiarol, isopropyl myristate and phenol in which were suspected have antidiabetic activity. These results strongly suggested that ethyl acetate fraction of Samama bark was a potential natural source for antidiabetic agents.
One-Pot Eco-Safe Saccharin-Catalyzed Procedure for Expedient and Convenient Synthesis of Dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole, Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran and Pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinone Scaffolds as a Green and Versatile Catalyst
Authors: Mohamadpour Farzaneh , Lashkari Mojtaba , Hazeri Nourallah
Published: March 2018

A green and facile saccharin-catalyzed procedure is developed for the one-pot convenient synthesis of dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole, tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran and pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinone scaffolds via multi-component tandem Knoevenagel cyclocondensation reaction. This procedure has the chief advantages of green, inexpensive and readily available catalyst, high atom-economy, high to quantitative yields and the reaction procedure is mild and involves facile workup procedure to obtain the desired products in short reaction times.
Landuse Types within Channel Corridor and River Channel Morphology of River Ona, Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Fashae Olutoyin , Olusola Adeyemi Oludapo
Published: March 2018

The importance of river a corridor warrants a well thought out and balanced management approach because it helps in improving or maintaining water quality, protecting wetlands, etc. Hence, this study seeks to identify major landuse types within the River Ona Corridor; examine the impact of these landuse types within the River Ona corridor on its channel morphology and understand the risk being posed by these landuse types. The study is designed by selecting two reaches of six times the average width from each of the four major landuse types that exist along the river corridor. This study revealed that along the downstream section of Eleyele Dam of River Ona, natural forest stabilizes river channel banks, thereby presenting a narrow and shallow width and depth respectively but the widest of all is found at the agricultural zones.
Geomaritime-Based Marine and Fishery Economic Development in Maluku Islands
Authors: Nurhayati Atikah , Purnomo Agus Heri
Published: March 2018

The design of national economic development should never ignore three important aspects, namely integration, and sustainably and local contexts. Insufficient comprehension over these three aspects has caused delays of economic progress in several regions like Maluku. This region is characterized with archipelagic geo-profile where marine and fisheries resources are abundant but economic progress is sluggish. To catch up with the achievement shown by regions in the western part of the country, there must by effective efforts done in Maluku. This research is aimed at analyzing the three aspects mentioned above as related to acceleration of marine and fisheries economic development based on the region’s maritime geo-profile. In line with it, primary and secondary data were applied on a SWOT Analytical Approach. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that acceleration of marine and fisheries economic development in Maluku can be carried out through both local and national policies focused on facilitating prospective economic players in making massive investment in the marine and fisheries sector. Among others, this should be done by improving the capacity of Maluku marine ports and directing them to be local economic transmiters, through more effective functions as hubs for ships carrying commodities and products for both national and international markets. This research found that in line with it, a pre-requirement that has to be advanced by the government is detailed zoning of marine and fisheries resources, which is supported by a legal umbrella.
Assessing the Spatial-Temporal Land use Change and Encroachment Activities Due to Flood Hazard in North Coast of Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hartanto Imam Setyo , Rachmawati Rini
Published: March 2018

Demak is known as the second largest region suffering land use change in Java’s North Coast. The topographic condition in downstream affects this area becomes susceptible with flood hazard. This research aims to assess the interactions between flooding, land use change and encroachment activities in Mijen and Wedung sub districts, Demak region, Central Java, Indonesia. This research combines the Driving Force, Pressure, State, Impact and Response (DPSIR) analysis. The supervised classification by Maximum Likelihood of time series Landsat images (2000, 2009 and 2014) was chosen for land cover analysis. The land use change shows that paddy field area descended almost 6%, mangrove forest fall 79% meanwhile settlement grown up almost double in 2000-2014. The result of overall accuracy assessment is 78.23%. The DPSIR result shows that land use change not too affect the flood events but floods influence land use pattern in north and south area of Mijen and Wedung.  AbstrakDemak merupakan daerah tertinggi kedua yang mengalami perubahan penggunaan lahan di wilayah Pantai Utara Jawa (PANTURA). Kondisi topografinya yang berada di daerah hilir mengakibatkan daerah ini rawan bencana banjir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa interaksi antara banjir, perubahan penggunaan lahan dan aktivitas yang mengakibatkan perubahan lahan di kecamatan Mijen dan Wedung, Kabupaten Demak, Jawa Tengah-Indonesia. Penelitian ini menerapkan analisis DPSIR (Penyebab Utama, Tekanan, Keadaan, Akibat dan Respon) guna memahami akar permasalahan dan efek berantai dari hubungan tersebut. Klasifikasi terbimbing dengan Maximum Likelihood dari Citra Landsat (2000, 2009 dan 2014) dipilih untuk pemetaan dan analisis tutupan lahan. Hasil perubahan penggunaan lahan menunjukkan bahwa sawah berkurang 6%, hutan mangrove terdegradasi sebanyak 79% sedangkan pemukiman berkembang dua kali lipat selama periode 2000-2014. Hasil analisis akurasi menunjukkan nilai sebesar 78.23 %. Hasil analisis DPSIR menunjukkan bahwa perubahan penggunaan lahan tidak terlalu mempengaruhi kejadian banjir tetapi banjir mempengaruhi pola penggunaan lahan di bagian utara dan selatan wilayah Demak.