bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of KVK Interventions in Enhancing Knowledge Level of Pulse Growers on Yield Maximizing Technologies in Tiruchirappalli District of Tamil Nadu
Authors:   Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Cuddalore - 606 001, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India, Hanif Noorjehan A K A , V Dhanushkodi ,   . Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ADAC & RI, Tiruchirappalli – 620 027, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India, G Amuthaselvi ,   Department of Food Process Engineering, AEC & RI, TNAU, Coimbatore.
Published: October 2023

In India, Pulses are considered as poor man’s protein. Pulses contain
higher levels of protein compared to any other grains and vegetables. The
net availability of pulses has come down from 60 gm/day/person in 1951
to 53 gm/day/person in 2017. Therefore, the present study was
attempted to assess the knowledge level of farmers in Tiruchirappalli
district with regard to yield maximising pulse technologies which in turn
enhance the production and productivity of pulses. A total of 200 farmers
@ 50 farmers per category of pulse crop were surveyed for the study using
simple random sampling technique and purposive sampling. Percentage
analysis and knowledge gap index was used to compute the data. It is
clearly evident that through KVK interventions like Trainings have resulted
in a horizontal spread of 108 ha area under various pulses cultivation
followed by farmer participatory seed production through NFSM seed hub
(92 ha) and On Farm Trials, Frontline demonstrations and Field days (76
ha). The pulse growing farmers gained knowledge on recommended TNAU
newly released short duration, drought tolerant varieties of red gram (CO
(Rg) 7), green gram (CO (Gg) 8), black gram (VBN 6, VBN 8 & MDU 1) and
horse gram (Paiyur 2) varieties, seed rate, seed treatment with bio
fertilizers, mechanized sowing behind seed drill, pre and post emergence
application of weedicides, TNAU pulse wonder foliar spray, DAP foliar
spray and seed treatment for storage through various KVK interventions.
There existed a medium knowledge gap index irrespective of pulses grown
among the farmers of Tiruchirappalli district of Tamil Nadu mainly due to
interventions of KVK like OFT, FLDs, CFLDs, trainings and mass
awareness programmes. There is a need to enhance the knowledge of
pulse growers on pest and disease management practices and other yield
maximising technologies, through joint efforts with State Department of
Agriculture, NGOs and through FPO linkages
Heterosis in Wheat
Authors:   Department of Plant Breeding,  Punjab Agricultural University,Ludhina 41004, R.P JAIN , S.C ANAND ,   Department of Plant Breeding,  Punjab Agricultural University,Ludhina 41004
Published: October 2023

The work on the development of hybrid wheat in India has been started very recently and very little information is available on the manifestation of hybrid vigour between indigenous and exotic varieties. The present investigations were carried out to find out the amount of heterosis in different crosses and which may further be used for the production of hybrid wheat.
Effect of Antibiotics on the Control of Angular Leaf Spot of Cotton Caused by Xanthomonas malvacearum (E. F. Smith) Dowson
Authors:   IARI Regional Research Centre Coimbatore, N.N DESHPRABHU , K HANUMANTHA RAO ,   IARI Regional Research Centre Coimbatore
Published: October 2023

Attempts to control the phytobacterial diseases by the use of antibiotics have been made by several workers. The advantage of antibio- tics over previous methods of plant disease control has been the fact that the antibiotics are absorbed by plants more readily and so are more effective against the disease control. Thirumalachar et al (1956) found penicillin effective at 1000 ppm "in vitro" on Xanthomonas malvacearum. Very little work appears to have been done with regard to determination of optimum doses of streptomycin sulphate and penicillin for the control of angular leaf spot of cotton as well as on their quick absorption by addition of glycerol. Trials were therefore, conducted in the field for two years to find out the optimum doses as well as time of application. Cotton variety "Laxmi" which is known to be highly susceptible to angular leaf spot in the region (Dhadesugner: Dist. Raichur) was grown for effective testing.
Studies on the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potash Uptake by ADT-27 Rice
Authors:   Assitant Lecturer in Chemistry ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,  Coimbatore  641 003, A.K SADANANDAN , M GURUSWAMY ,   Lecturer in Chemistry ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,  Coimbatore  641 003, A.N SIVAPPAH ,   Assitant Agricultural Chemistry ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,  Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

A knowledge of the pattern of uptake of essential nutrients by the rice plant at important stages of growth is needed for applying fertilisers judiciously to the crop especially in the context of economising fertiliser use. Such a regulated application of fertilisers will ensure maximum response in yield and quality of the produce.
AGRONOMY AND AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS High Yielding Varieties of Rice in Tamil Nadu Their Response to Nitrogen and Spacing
Authors:   Assitant Agronomist,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore  641 003, T KALYANIKUTTY , T.R NARAYANAN ,   Assitant Agronomy,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore  641 003, V SRINIVASAN ,   Paddy Specialist,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

The yields of rice in India have been proverbially low when compared to those obtained in other countries. This can be attributed to the lack of varieties which respond to high levels of nitrogenous fertilizers and resist lodging. Many of the popular varieties of paddy are weak-strawed and they either do not respond in terms of increased grain yield to added nitrogen or respond only to modest levels. One of the possible ways to increase the paddy yields is to grow high yielding and higher fertilizer responsive varieties, besides adopting better agronomical practices.
Spacing-cum-manurial Studies in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors:   Vegetable Specialist Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore 641003, S KAMALANATHAN , S SUNDARARAJAN ,   Assitant Horticulturist  (Vegetable),Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, A SHANMUGAM ,   Assitant Vegetable Section  Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore 641003, R SUBBIAH ,   Assitant Vegetable Section  Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore 641003
Published: October 2023

Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is being cultivated on a large scale in view of its easy cultural practices, keeping quality and high yield. As brinjal is a commonly accepted vegetable, coming all round the year with wide adoptability, it is necessary to step up its yield by judicious cultural practices. An experiment was conducted at the Agricultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore to find out the optimum dose of the major plant nutrients and economical spacing required for brinjal and the results are presented.
Response of Coconut to Fertilizer Application in the Sandy Loam Soils of Thanjavur District (Tamil Nadu)
Authors:   Oilseed Specialist, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore, S VARISAI MOHAMED , A.N VENKATESWARAN ,   Assitant Oilseed Specialist, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore, V RAMALINGAM ,   Agricultural Assitant Regional Cocount Research Station Veppankulam
Published: October 2023

Coconut responds to the application of NPK fertilizers, as is evident from experiments carried out in India and abroad. Certain general manurial recommendations based on experiments carried out at the Coconut Research Stations in the West Coast of India are in large scale adoption at present in Tamil Nadu. It was felt that a close up study of the responses to the major plant nutrients right under the cultivators' conditions in the tract is imperative to make more broad based and realistic recommendations for the plantations in the State. A simple manurial trial on coconut (with N, P and K alone and in certain combinations) was therefore laid out in coconut cultivators' gardens in the major coconut growing region of Thanjavur district from the year 1961 to 1968 and the results are presented in this paper.
ilybrid Vigour in Ricinus communis L. I. General Combining Ability Between Certain Egyptian Inbreds and TMV I
Authors:   Oilseed Specialist, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore, S VARISAI MUHAMMED , N SRINIVASALU ,   Crop Specialist Regional Agricultural Research Station Aduthurai, M STEPHEN DORAIRAJ ,   Assitant Oilseed Specialist Castor Research Station,  Salem 636001, K NAVAKODI ,   Assitant Oilseed Regional Coconut Research Station, Veppankulam 614 906  Tamil nadu, N.M RAMASWAMY ,   Post Graduate Student Coimbatore 3, M.R SIVARAM ,   Assitant Oilseed Cotton Research Station Salem
Published: October 2023

The phenomenal increases in yield and improvement in other economic attributes obtained in the single and double cross hybrids of corn and the exploitation of the phenomenon of heterosis in other crop plants like tobacco, sugarbeet, bajra, jowar and vegetables for commercial production have led research workers on castor to examine the possibility of similar methods in this oilseed crop.
Observations on Seedlessness, Fruit Development and Cytology of Varieties of Guava
Authors:   Cylogeneticits ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, V.S RAMAN , W.M ALIKHAN ,   Reserach Assitant Cylogeneticits ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, G MANIMEKALAI ,   Reserach Assitant Cylogeneticits ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, R SETHUPATHI RAMALINGAM ,   Reserach Assitant Cylogeneticits ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

The cultivated guava commonly grown for its edible fruits, exists in varied forms and a number of varieties are known in cultivation (Hayes, 1957; Sham Singh et al., 1963). Diploid, triploid and aneuploid forms of Psidium guajava L. have been reported (Atchinson, 1947; Kumar and Ranade, 1952: D'Cruz and Babu Rao, 1962; Majumdar and Singh, 1964), but cytological studies to reveal the relationship between morphological variation, sterility and polyploidy have been meagre. The investigations reported herein were directed towards an examination of these aspects in respect of the local country guavas and commercial varieties.
Induced Autotetraploidy in Zinnia linearis
Authors:   Reader in Cylogeneticits and Plant Breeding ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, P MADHAVA MENON , R SETHUPATHI RAMALINGAM ,   Reserach Assitant Cylogeneticits ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, S.R SREE RANGASAMY ,   Assitant Cylogeneticits ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, V.S RAMAN ,   Cylogeneticits ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

Artificial doubling of the chromosome number has been found to be a fruitful approach in breeding new types of ornamental plants. Its value in floriculture has been well recognized and attempts have been made to produce strains of sexually and asexually propagated ornamental plants with reasonable success (Emsweller and Ruttle, 1941; Bali and Tandon, 1956; Jain et al., 1962). Tetraploid snapdragons, zinnias and marigolds have been introduced in garden. practice (Elliott, 1958) and are favoured for their large flowers and longer flowering period and other attributes of value in floriculture. Reduced seed fertility in the tetraploids is a drawback to be reckoned with in sexually propagated ornamental annuals, which could be overcome by selection and other breeding techniques. Attempts were made to induce tetraploidy in Zinnia linearis and the observations are presented in this paper. This species is a common garden annual of the plains frequently grown for edging and for beds because of its short, compact stature, small leaves, profuse thin-branches and the mass of little, bright-yellow flowers. Two varieties are recognized viz., the yellow and white-flowered types (Bailey, 1957). Forms of this species with larger flowers would be of greater appeal to the floriculturist.
Studies on the Floral Biology and Fruit-set in Onion (Allium cepa L.)-I
Authors:   Systematic Botanist Associate Professor of  Botany, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore 3, D DANIEL SUNDARARAJ , V RAMAKRISHNAN ,   Assitant Botanist, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore 3, S.D RAMAKRISHNAN ,   Formely Assitant of Botany, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore 3
Published: October 2023

The importance of floral biological studies in projects aiming at crop improvement work is well known. The exact technique to be employed in breeding programme for the evolution of strains with desirable attributes is dependent on the selfed or open pollinated nature of the crops concerned, which itself is determined by the genetic and physical barriers existing in those crops. The present studies were therefore, carried out with four different cultivars of cepa or common onion from commercial sources with the same object in view.
Effect of Spraying 2, 4-D on Setting, Yield and Nut Characters in Coconut
Authors:   Oilseed Specialist, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore 3, S VARISAI MUHAMMAD , A.N VENKATESWARAN ,   Assitant Oilseed Specialist, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore, R RAJAGOPALAN ,   Assitant Oilseed Regional Regional Cocount Research Station Veppankulam
Published: October 2023

Coconut produces a far higher number of female flowers than that set into nuts. The phenomenon of shedding of female flowers, or buttons as they are popularly called, is universal in nature and this problem has been studied by coconut research workers in various countries. It has been estimated that on an average under plantation conditions 75 to 80% of the female flowers produced are shed (Patel, 1938; Gangolly, 1953). Different workers have attributed the shedding of buttons to varied causes like fungal infection, incidence of pests, defective pollination and fertilization, structural defects in the flower, abortion of embroys, physiological condition of the tree, limitation in yielding ability of trees, etc. Attempts to control the shedding by fungicidal or insecticidal treatments and artificial pollination have met with little success. The possibility of the formation of an abscission layer at the point of attachment of the female flower to the stalk has been advanced as a possible cause for the shedding of the buttons and it has been suggested in this connection that spraying with harmones might be tried to check the incidence. (Gadd, 1923; Child, 1950). This paper presents the results of a trial of spraying the coconut inflorescence with a solution of the hormone 2,4-dichloro-phenoxy acetic acid, conducted at the Regional Cocount Research Station, Veppankulam.
Study of Applicability of a Modified Durairaj Method of Rapid Mechanical Analysis for Evaluating Soil Texture
Authors:   Assitant in Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, P RENGASAMY , P SAVITHRI ,   Assitant in Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, N KAMALAM ,   Assitant in Agriculture Chemist, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003
Published: October 2023

Several methods have been developed in the past to estimate the mechanical components of soil and each one has its own merits and demerits. Among them, International Pipette Method is considered to be accurate and is widely used. The Bouyoucos (1927) Hydrometer method, though not involving gravimetric estimations, takes considerable time and requires specialised apparatus. When a large number of soils have to be examined in a short time as in Soil Testing Laboratorics or in Soil Survey Work, Feel Method" is employed which depends upon the skill and vast experience of the individual and differs to a great extent between different evaluations. Durairaj (1961) while studying the mechanical components of South Indian soils brought out clearly that the proportions of clay, and fine and coarse sand in soils are highly correlated among themselves. He showed that the correlation was dependent upon soil type, so that for a given soil type and a given value of one of the mechanical components, only ore pattern of the values of the rest was possible. He also devised an apparatus for the rapid method of mechanical analysis for the purpose of field workers. Based on his study, his rapid method of mechanical analysis was modified to suit laboratory conditions. This method involves the estimation of course and fine sand fractions, the other fractions being calculated using the multiple regression equations derived for each soil type. Details regarding at comparative study between the values by modified Durairaj method and by International Pipette Method are reported in this paper.
AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY Recent Development in the Chemical Control of the Rice Stem Borer, Tryporyza incertulas, wlk.
Authors:   Assitant Entomologist,,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, C RAMAKRISHNAN , T SANTHANARAMAN ,   Entomologist and Assitant Professor of Entomology,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, V JAYARAMAN ,   Assitant Nemetology, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, C SRINIVASAN ,   Fundamental Research Assitant in Horticulture, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

The control of rice stem borer Tryporyza incertulas Wik. is a difficult problem, as the egg masses remain covered by dense buff-coloured hairs making insecticidal penetration impossible and the hatched out larvae soon bore into the stems and remain concealed inside the stem. Hence effective control of this internal feeder is possible only by timing applications to kill the adults before they lay eggs and by killing the freshly hatched larvae before they bore inside the plant by giving a set of two sprays for each brood, the first spray synchronising with the emergence of moths and the second one, a week after the first spray. The method of application of insecticides in standing water of rice fields poses problems in the control of stem borer. Hence studies were carried out at the Regional Research Station, Aduthurai to find out the effectiveness of modern insecticides in controlling the rice stem borer by different modes of application. The results of the experiments conducted during Sama and Thaladi scasons are presented in this paper.
Weather and the Incidence of Stem-borer (Chilo zonellus, S) in Co. 12 Irrigated Summer Cholam at Coimbatore
Authors:   Agriculture Meteorology, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore, M.V JAYARAMAN , R JANAKIRAMAN ,   Assitant in Meteorology, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore
Published: October 2023

The incidence of pests and diseases is closely knit with the prevailing weather conditions. With a view to understand the nature of such influence, experiments were started in 1954, in the four irrigated crops of cholam, ragi, cotton and groundnut raised at the Central Farm, Coimbatore. From the date of sowing to the date of harvest, micro-climatic observations were recorded amidst the crops both morning and evening at stipulated hours and also weekly observations on pests in collaboration with the Entomologist, Coimbatore. The data so collected for fourteen years from 1954 to 1967 in CO.12 irrigated cholam raised as a summer crop at Coimbatore were examined with particular reference to stem borer, Chilo zonellus, S., which is a major pest of jowar, maize and sugarcane and also at times bajra and rice (Trehan and Butani, 1949), together with the macro-climatic observations recorded at Agricultura! Meteorological Observatory, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore.
The Incidence of Jassids on Cotton in Relation to Micro and Macro-climatic factors
Authors:   Agriculture Meteorology, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore, M.V JAYARAMAN , R JANAKIRAMAN ,   Assitant in Meteorology, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore
Published: October 2023

The jassid, Empoasca devastans Dist., came into prominence during the beginnig of this century, along with the introduction of American varieties of cotton in this country. The failure of 3F cotton in the Punjab in 1913-14 was attributed mainly to the attack of this species of jassids (Husain 1940). In addition to cotton, this pest survives on a variety of host plants. However, the incidence and intensity of attack of this pest on cotton is found to vary from year to year and this is attributed to seasonal conditions. The influence of weather factors on the incidence of pests on cotton was studied by the Agricultural Meteorology wing of the Agricultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore from 1954 in collaboration with the Entomologist. The results of the analysis of the incidence of jassids on cotton in relation to rainfall, temperature and other environmental factors are presented in this paper.
Insecticidal Control Trials Against the Oriental Fruitfly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel on Mango in Tamil Nadu
Authors:   Assitant  Entomology,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, PC SUNDARA BABU , P.L LAKSHMANAN ,   Assitant  Entomology,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, S.M ULAGARAJ ,   Post Graduate Student, IARI, New Delhi, T SANTHANARAMAN ,   Entomologist and Associate Professor of Entomology, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

Among the various insects affecting mango, the oriental fruitfly, Dacus dorsalis H., is a serious pest. The fly makes a dark puncture during oviposition and the maggots that hatch out from the eggs feed on the pulp of the fruit for a few days and thus cause a brown rotten patch on the fruit surface. The fruits eventually fall and the maggots come out of the fruits to pupate in the soil. Their attack not only reduces the yield but also affects the quality of fruits. Ayyar (1940) recommended plant sanitation in orchards by destruction of fallen and badly infested fruits as the most important measure against the fruitfly. Giang et al (1956) reported that DDVP is very effective against the pest in Hawaii and its residues virtually disappear in 72 hours. Narayanan and Batra (1960) advocated spraying of diesel oil emulsion (diesel oil one gallon plus soft soap one pound plus water one gallon, diluted eight times) during the night and cooler hours of the morning when the flies congregate in large numbers. Field trials were undertaken at the Model Orchard cum Nursery, Thimmapuram and the Fruit Research Station, Kanyakumari on Neelum and Bangalora varieties during 1964-67 with a view to evaluate the efficacy of modern synthetic insecticides in controlling the pest and the results are presented in this paper.
Resistance of Castor to Lepidopterous Insects with Reference to the Effect of Food Plant of Achoea janata Guen, on its Braconid Parasite, Microplitis Ophiusae R.
Authors:   Reader in Entomology  Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, S JAYARAJ
Published: October 2023

Considerable progress has been made in the recent past in the study of insect resistance in crop plants, and varieties resistant to pests have been evolved. Castor is subjected to the severe attack by many insect pests particularly the semilooper, Achoea janata L., and the shoot and capsule borer, Dichocrocis punctiferalis Guen. year after year in several parts of the country. Even though effective chemical method of control is available against many of these pests, the importance of evolution of pest-resistant varieties is increasingly felt in recent years. Castor has been studied by different authors for its resistance to many pests. Detailed investigations in screening large number of castor varieties for resistance to the jassid Empoasca flavescens (F) were undertaken by Jayaraj (1966-a, 1967-a). Preliminary observations were made on their resistance to the shoot and capsule borer Dichocrosis punctiferalis Guen. (Basu 1947, David et al 1964, Sulochanabai et al 1968), the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubn.) (Kittock and Williams 1963), the whitefly Trialeurodes ricini Misra (David and Radha 1964), and the red spider mite Tetranychus telarius (L) (Chandrasekharan et al 1964). The information available on castor resistance to the caterpillar pests, particularly the foliage feeders, is very meagre and hence detailed screening of several varieties for resistance to nine leaf-eating caterpillar pests and the shoot and capsule borer was undertaken in two seasons (1962-1964) and the results are presented in this paper. Attempts have been made to understand the possible mechanism of resistance in the case of two major pests viz., A. janata and D. punctiferalis and also to understand the effect of food plant of A. janata on the braconid parasite Microplitis ophiusae R.
Effect of Hot Water Treatment on the Control of Primary Seed Infection in Rice Caused by Xanthomonas Oryzae
Authors:   Assitant Mycologist ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore 641 003, RAJAGOPALAN SOUMINI , C PADMANABHAN ,   Research Assitant Mycology ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, 641 003, R NATARAJAN ,   Research Assitant Mycology ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, 641 003, A VENKATA RAO ,   Assitant Mycologist ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore 641 003
Published: October 2023

Bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae (Uyeda and Ishiyama) was reported from India in 1951 from Khopoli area of Bombay. Sulaiman and Ahamed (1955) reported that this disease has caused consideable loss to paddy crop in several parts of Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Maharasthra and Andhra Pradesh in recent years. In Tamil Nadu this disease appeared in the newly introduced high yielding variety Taichung Native 1 in a serious form. This disease was also noticed in some of the improved rice strains under cultivation in Tamil Nadu viz., ADT 27, CO 25, CO 29, CO 30, CO 32 and BAM 3. Srivastava and Rao (1964) reported that seed-borne infection of X. oryzae can be eradicated to the extent of 95-100% by soaking infected paddy seeds for 12 hours at room temperature in aqueous solutions of Agrimycin + wettable ceresan (in concentrations of 0.025+0.05%) followed by hot water treatment at 52-54°C for 30 minutes. With a view to assess the efficacy of hot water and chemical treatments alone and in combination in the control of primary infection of seed, studies were undertaken.
Studies on Ergot Disease of Cumbu (Pennisetum typhoides)
Authors:   Formely Post Graduate Student, Faculty of Plant  PHysiology, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore- 641 003., K DWARAKANATH REDDY , C.V GOVINDASWAMY ,   Professor of Plant Pathology,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore 641 003, P VIDHYASEKARAN ,   Assitant Lecture Mycology ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore 641 003
Published: October 2023

Bhide and Hedge (1957) reported the occurrence of ergot disease on cumbu caused by Claviceps microcephala (Wallr.) Tul. from Maha- rashtra State. With the introduction of high yielding varieties like HB1 in various parts of the country which are incidently highly susceptible to the ergot discase, the pathogen has gained a strong foothold and became a menace to cumbu cultivation. Dawkhar and Sulaiman (1965) reported that the disease is severe in cool humid weather in Poona. Shanmugasundaram et al (1967) reported the prevalence of the disease in late sown cumbu crop in Tamil Nadu. The incidence of the disease was noticed in many places in the Tamil Nadu since 1967 and in view of the poisonous nature of the ergotised grains, detailed studies of this disease were undertaken in this laboratory and the results are presented in this paper.
Studies on a New Mosaic Disease of Phaseolus aureus L.
Authors:   Assitant in Virology, Agricultural College and Research Institute Coimbatore, G RAMAKRISHNAN , R RANGARAJU ,   Post-Graduate Student IARI New Delhi, G THANGAMANI ,   Assitant Mycologist ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore 641 003, A.P SAROJINI DAMODARAN ,   Assitant in Virologist, Agricultural College and Research Institute Coimbatore, T.K KANDASWAMY ,   Plant Virologist, Agricultural College and Research Institute Coimbatore
Published: October 2023

An yellow mosaic of greengram was reported by Nariani (1960) from Delhi. The virus was transmitted by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). In 1966, a mosaic disease of greengram (Phaseolus aureus L.) was collected at Adaiyur in North Arcot District (Tamil Nadu). This disease varied in its symptoms from the one described from Delhi. Hence the disease was studied in detail and the results are presented in this paper.
Studies on a Virus Disease of Tapioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) I. Water Relations and Mineral Metabolism
Authors:   Assitant Lecturer Mycology ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore 641 003, M.N ALAGIANAGALINGAM , K RAMAKRISHNAN ,   Associate Dean, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore 641 003
Published: October 2023

A virus disease of tapioca (cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz) found to be prevalent in a severe form through out Kanyakumari District in Tamil Nadu was reported by Alagianagalingam and Ramakrishnan (1967). The virus was identified as cassava mosaic virus from the symptoms, host range and transmission of the disease. A detailed study of the physiology of diseased cassava plants has been made and the results are presented below
Fixation of Applied Phosphates in Major Soil Groups of Tamil Nadu
Authors:   Assitant Lecturer in Chemistry ,Agricultural College Madurai, V BALASUBRAMANIAN , D.J DURAIRAJ ,   Professor of Soil Science, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,  Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

Most Indian soils are generally low in available phos- phorous, and respond well to phosphorus application. The nature of fixation and the consequent availability of applied phosphates require a detailed investigation so that we can use effectively the phosphatic fertilizers available for maximum food production. The main objective of the study is to examine in detail the nature and extent of phosphorus fixation in the major soil groups of the State, viz., alluvial, black, red and laterite soils.
Adaptation of Botryodiplodia theobromae (Pat) Griff, ET.maubl to Salts and Its Importance in Agriculture
Authors:   Head of the Section Plant Pathologist, J.N Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya Campus, College of Agriculture Schore, S.C VYAS
Published: October 2023

The use of certain drugs particularly antibiotics against bacteria and certain insecticides against insects have resulted in the appearance of resistant strains, creating a new problem in the treatment of diseases. Unlike insects so far fungi do not seem to have reacted to fungicides in such a spectacular manner although a downy mildew resistance does occur against certain chemicals (Taylor 1953). Fungi have been reported to educate them- selves to increasing concentrations of toxic substances (Wilson 1947 and Hirschhorn and Munneck 1950). In some cases mutation clearly accounted for what could have been considered adaptation while in, other cases visible mutation did not account for such results. The present work was undertaken to study the adaptation of Botryodiplodia theobromae to copper sulphate, mercuric chloride and zinc sulphate.
Chemical Control of Predominent Weeds of Maize and Wheat in Plain and Plateau Tracts of Bihar
Authors:   Tirhut College of Agriculture Dholi, Bihar, T.D SINHA
Published: October 2023

Weed control assumes an added importance particularly in the context of the present day food crisis. Within the past three decades, weed control has been developed into a science of increasing complexity. Employment of chemicals in weed control is one of the most interesting chapters in the science of farming. Introduction of 2,4-D and similar chemicals has revolutionised the whole concept of weed control. Many workers of the various countries have reported reduction in crop yields due to weed infestation. Notable among them are Ghosh and Dungan (1956), Moolani et al. (1964) and Sinha and Thakur (1966). In any programme of developing improved production practices for maize and wheat under Indian conditions, developing suitable weed control measures assumes primary importance. The present series of experiments therefore, were planned to find out most effective weedicides to control pre- dominant weeds of maize and wheat of different tracts of Bihar, i. e., plain and plateau. In plain tracts of Bihar, experiments were carried out at Bihar Agricultural College, Sabour during rabi season of 1963-64 and kharif season of 1964-65. In plateau tracts of Bihar, experiments were carried out at Ranchi Agricultural College, Kanke during rabi season of 1965-66 and kharif season of 1966-67.
Efficacy of Indian and German Basic Slags in Comparison with Superphosphate on the Yield of Rice
Authors:   Agronomy Assitant Agricultural Research Station Bhavanisagar 638 541, J KRISHNARAJAN , A MARIAKULANDAI ,   Retired Principal, Agricultural College Madurai
Published: October 2023

Basic slag is a by-product in the manufacture of steel from pig iron and it owes its fertiliser properties to the phosphorus content of the by-product. The phosphorus content of the basic slag ranges from 2 to 16% of total phosphoric acid. A large number of experiments have been done with basic slag in Western countries. However, experiments with basic slag are very few in India (Raychaudri, 1960). So a study was made on rice to assess the relative merits of superphosphate, high-soluble basic slag and low-soluble basic slag with the objectives, (1) to study the relative merits of the high- soluble slag, low-soluble basic slag and superphosphate on equal dose of phosphoric acid and (2) to study the residual values of superphosphate, high-soluble slag and low-soluble slag applied to first crop of rice on the succeeding second crop of rice.
Soil and Plant P & K Indices for Sugarcane in Thiru Arooran Sugar Farms
Authors:   Agricultural Chemist, Central Coffee Res Institute, Coffee Res Station, Mysore, T.R SUBRAMANIAN , T.P MAHADEVAN ,   Soil Testing Laboratory Vadapathimangalam, T.V OBLI ,   Soil Testing Laboratory Vadapathimangalam
Published: October 2023

Soil tests are valuable guides for determining the available nutrient status of the soil so that fertilisation can be planned on a sound basis. But, as has been pointed out by Nelson et al (1953), no one method of determination of available P is satisfactory for all soils, varying in physico- chemical characteristics. Anon (1956) has emphasized the necessity of placing soils into different groups based on their E. ratios for satisfactory correla- tion of soil tests with crop responses having different values for soil tests for full availability or 100% yield in the different groups. Studies on the sugarcane plant itself as in index for fertiliser practices are fairly well developed in other countries and particularly so in Hawaji. The relative merits of various methods of foliar diagnosis in sugarcane have been discussed by Samuels (1959). Very little work has been done on sugarcane in India on the use of plant tests for P and K for commercial fertiliser practices. There is thus need for study of comparative merits of soil and plant tests for P and K for the cane crop under the conditions prevailing in Tiru Arooran Sugar Farms, Vadapathimangalam in Thanjavur District.
Panicle Studies in Indica and Japonica Rice Varieties
Authors:   Assitant in Paddy, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore, S SIVASUBRAMANIAM , K.M PALANISWAMY ,   Statistical Officer Rice Scheme,Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, T.P RANGANATHAN ,   Assitant in Paddy, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore
Published: October 2023

The formation of carhead marks the shift from vegetative to reproductive phase and the stored food materials is apportioned between its constituents namely number of grains, number of chaff, grain weight and panicle length. Study of these characters in rice crop helps the breeders in the evolution of strains having high yield potential. Ramiah (1937) has stated that the number of grains found in an earhead is a varietal character and the arrangements of spikelets also vary between varieties. Tin U (1936) observed variation in panicle characters within a variety and grain weight in the same panicle. Ramiah and Parthasarathy (1933) have found that the lower portions of the earheads bear a high proportion of empty grains Richharia et al (1963) emphasised the importance of panicle length and density of grains in the selection of high yielding varieties. Hence a study of earhead character with respect to its length, number of grains and chaff persent and their weight in rice is important as these characters contribute to high yield in a strain.
Effects of Enforced Self-pollination in Petunia hybrida
Authors:   Assitant Cylogeneticits ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, S SREE RANGASAMY , R SETHUPATI RAMALINGAM ,   Lecturer in Cylogeneticits ,Agricultural College Madurai, P MADHAVA MENON ,   Reader in Genectics, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, V.S RAMAN ,   Cylogeneticits ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

The self-incompatibility mechanism which promotes cross-pollination is well known in the genus Petunia. Of the different species of the genus, P. hybrida is largely grown as an ornamental annual for its wealth of variation in nature of flowers and plant form. This species is known to be of hybrid origin, the parental species being P. integrifoliu and P. axillaris (Darlington and Wylie, 1955; Takehisa, 1963). Structural differentiation of the chromo- somes of the genomes of the two species is considered to be still existent in the garden forms of P. hybrida and the heterozygosity is probably enforced through self incompatibility. Rick (1942) observed that chromosomal deficiencies and duplications can exist in this species without detriment to viability or normal development. A study of the effects of enforced self- pollination in this species would throw light on the advantages conferred by cross pollination in preventing the breakdown of the hybrid from disharmo- nious genetic recombinations or eliminating in breeding depression. The present study confined to a few garden forms of P. hybrida is aimed at a comparison of the cytological behaviour and morphological variation in the open pollinated and selfed progenies.
Yield Response to N, P, K of Tomato, Brinjal and Bhendi
Authors:   Retired Agronomist, Assitant Professor of Agronomy Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore, K.M SUNDARAM , V SUBBIAH ,   Assitant Agronomist, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore, R KESAVAN ,   Formerly Agronomy Assitant, Manikandam, V NATARAJAN ,   Agronomy Assitant, Dindigul, M MURUGESAN ,   Statistical Assitant Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore
Published: October 2023

Vegetables, though generally grown all through the year yield high only in the recognised seasons. The low yields in the off-seasons are made good usually by the high prices prevailing in the market. A comprehensive study of the application of fertilizers for increasing produc- tion in vegetable crops is very necessary, in view of insufficiency of vegetables. A scheme on fertilizer trials on some of the major vegetable crops of the State viz., tomato, brinjal, bhendi was initiated with these objectives from 15-12-62 at Dindigul in Madurai district and from 11-9-63 in Manikandam near Trichy in Trichy district. The results of trials on tomato, brinjal and bhendi are reported in this paper.
The Influence of Soil Moisture Stress on the Nutrient Uptake of Ragi
Authors:   Agricultural Chemist Aduthurai, Tamilnadu, C.K RAJAGOPAL
Published: October 2023

The controversy regarding the uniform availability of soil moisture within the 'available range can be said to be set at rest following the innumerable experimental results disproving it (Kelly, 1954). In this paper the effects of differing moisture stress on ragi (Eleusine coracana), on the yield and nutrient uptake of the plant are discussed.
Protection of Seeds of Sorghum from Infestation by the Weevil, Sitophilus oryzae Linn
Authors:   Assitant in  Entomology,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore  641 003, N.V RADHA , C RAMAKRISHNAN ,   Assitant in  Entomologist,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore  641 003, R SIVAGAMI ,   Assitant in  Entomologist,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore  641 003, T GOVINDARAJAN ,   Assitant in  Entomology,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

Among the various insects that infest cholam seeds, the weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L., is considered to be the most important one. Both the grubs and adults bore into the grains reducing them to fragments, and dust. To find out an effective insecticide for the control of the pest in storage, experiments were conducted and the results are presented.
Studies on Plant Density in Radish (Raphanus sativus Linn.)
Authors:   Vegetable Specialist Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore 641003, S KAMALANATHAN , S THAMBURAJ ,   Assitant in Horticulture Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore 641003
Published: October 2023

In cultivation of tuber crops, over crowding of plants affects their growth and development resulting in mis-shapen and ill-developed tubers. Liberal sowing of seeds and subsequent thinning of plants in tuber crops assure perfect stand and also impart market appeal with better size and shape of tubers. An experiment was conducted in the Vegetable Section, Coimbatore to ascertain the optimum number of plants of radish (Raphanus sativus Linn.) per hill and the results are presented.
Ionic Composition as a Basis for Assessing the Suitability of Ground Waters for Irrigation
Authors:   Assitant in Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, P RENGASAMY , K RAJAKKANNU ,   Assitant in Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, C.S BALASUNDARAM ,   Assitant in Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, C.R LAKSHMINARASIMHAN ,   Assitant in Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003
Published: October 2023

When successful sea-water farming is being reported, the old concept of rating the irrigation waters on the basis of total salt concentra- tions and pH values needs a revision. Salinisation and alkalisation problems are mainly concerned with the total salt concentration and the sodium ion concentration. The alkali hazard and salinity hazard of irrigation water indicated by S. A. R. limits and E. C. limits prescribed by U.S. D. A. (1954) have been criticised by Hiemann (1958) and Kanwar (1961). Venkatachalam (1958) pointed out that the irrigation waters have to be studied in conjunction with the soil irrigated. It is observed that rather than the mere concentration of individual ions, the balanced ionic environment plays a vital role in soil-plant relationship. Hence, it is essential to revise the code of classifying irrigation waters, so as to have an efficient utilisation. In the present study, the ionic composition of water along with the irrigated soil is considered for the irrigation waters used in the farms of the Agricultural College, Coimbatore in order to find the suitability of old classifications and also the nature and effect of these waters used in the farms.
Studies on the Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Certain Varieties of Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors:   Assitant Lecture in Horticulture ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore 641 003, K.G SHANMUGAVELU , S THAMBURAJ ,   Horticulture Assitant ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore 641 003, A.S DHANDAYUTHAM ,   Horticulture Assitant ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore 641 003, J.S SUNDARARAJ ,   Horticulturist and Associate Professor of Horticulture ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore 641 003
Published: October 2023

Plant growth regulators are widely employed to secure good fruitset and development in many horticultural crops. They are now widely used in grape production for varied uses such as thinning of berries, improving the fruitset, hastening or delaying maturity of fruits (Weaver, 1956), increasing the size of berries (Weaver and Mc Cune, 1959 a), increasing the quality of berries (Weaver and Mc Cune 1959 a, b and c, Venkataratnam, 1964) and for inducing seedlessness in berries (Celestre, 1963, Blaha, 1963 and Coombe, 1965). The compounds of plant growth regulators like naphthalene com- pounds, phenoxy compounds and gibberellins are commercially used for such purposes. In India Krishnamurthi et al (1959) found the usefulness of gibberellic acid for improving the size and quality of Pusa Seedless variety of grape. In the light of the above findings, investigations were undertaken, to study the effect of plant growth regulators on some of the important varieties of grapes.
Control of the Red Hairy Caterpillar, Amsacta spp. with Newer Insecticides
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, K.A RAMASWAMY , S KUPPUSWAMY ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, T SANTHANARAMAN ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

The red hairy caterpillar, Amsacta spp. causes heavy damage to the rainfed groundnut crop not only in its young stage but also in grown up stage by way of migration from field to field. Hence, an effective method of control of the pest will help the farmers in getting higher yield from their dry lands. The results of insecticidal trials laid out for the control of the caterpillars in early as well as grown up stages revealed the superiority of the chemical, trichlorphon 0.1% spray (Kuppuswamy et al 1965). In the control of the young caterpillars the chemical viz., sprays of parathion 0025%, dieldrin 0.2% and carbaryl 0.1% and dusts of carbaryl 10%, carbophenothion 2%, imidan 2% and BHC 10% were found effective. But to find out the efficacy of the above chemicals along with some newer chemicals available in controll- ing the grown up caterpillars of more than 20 days old, three insecticidal trials were laid out during the year 1965 and the results are presented in this paper.
Trends in N uptake in paddy grain
Authors:   Assitant in Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, A.N SIVAPPAH , M GURUSWAMY ,   Lecturer in Chemistry ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,  Coimbatore  641 003, V LAKSHMANAN ,   Research Assitant in Chemistry ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,  Coimbatore  641 003, A.K SADANANDAM ,   Research Officer Regional Arecount Research Station Peechi
Published: October 2023

It is well known that rice yield in India and South East Asia, countries is very low (Basak, 1956). While low doses of N give conside- rable yield responses (Basak, 1956, Basak et al. 1957 and 1960 and Basak and Klemme, 1959) higher doses of N over 40 16 per acre are seldom effective (Ghose et al. 1956, Mariakulandai, 1957). Crop yields are generally conditioned by soil N content (Jenny, 1941). While tropical soils are low in organic matter and N reserves, failure to secure commensurate yield responses to heavy N application, seems to be a paradox (Basak, 1962). So rice production cannot be boosted merely with larger fertilizer production in these countries in the absence of a solution to this problem (Basak, 1962).