bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emotional security as a condition for preventing fear of terrorism
Authors: Chernykh S. I.
Published: May 2022

Introduction. Terrorophobia is today one of those fears that are commonly called global. The fear of terrorism as a real threat to private life becomes social and not every government is able to prevent terrorist attacks committed on its territory.

Purpose setting. Prevention of the emergence and development of terrorophobia is, coming from society and the individual himself, a specific barrier to the fear of terrorism as an action and a social phenomenon as a whole. We believe that the main factor contributing to the overcoming of terrorophobia coming from society is educational activities. A factor coming from the individual (family) upbringing and self-education. The purpose of these three processes is one – the emotional protection of the individual from fears of different qualitative certainty. Analysis of emotional security as a factor in the prevention of terrorophobia.

Methodology and methods of the study. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was made up of the main provisions of the subject-activity, system and functional approaches developed by domestic and foreign scientists.

Results. The article proclaims the thesis that the emotional security of the subject, formed and developed at the personal level, is the most important condition (along with many others) of prevention and "experiencing" both the threat of terrorism itself and the terrorist attack itself as an action, a witness (and even a victim ) which any individual can become. Educational potential is a factor contributing to an increase in emotional security through psychological readiness, extensive communications and the improvement of one’s intellectual level.

Conclusion. The goal of emotional security is always twofold: overcoming fears of any etiology and conscious reflection on the impossibility of their absolute overcoming. In the extreme, the goal is to teach yourself to live in conditions of uncertainty.
Existential-reflexive strategy of didactic communication: psychological explication
Authors: Menshikov P. V. , Arpentieva M. R.
Published: May 2022

Introduction. Psychologically competently and accurately organized and implemented didactic communication between the student and the teacher is one of the leading conditions for the success of education and upbringing.

Problem statement. The existing set of methods, technologies, principles, models of didactic communication sometimes describes completely different strategies for its construction and implementation. The requirements and basic postulates of different strategies can not only differ significantly, but also directly contradict each other. The strategies themselves can be applicable and effective in a certain range of educational situations, which must be taken into account in order to successfully build didactic interaction with students. The purpose of the study is an attempt to systematize the ideas about the strategies of didactic communication with students, who, with varying degrees of effectiveness, use teachers in the practice of current educational interaction.

Methodology of the study. As a basis for a comparative analysis of various strategies of didactic communication, the authors propose the key construct in the views of the teacher, spatial and temporal modes of communication, the "concept of teaching influence", the image of the student in the views of the teacher, typical communicative means, the organizational form of didactic communication reproduced by the teacher, communicative self-identification of the educator, reflection or methods of research and correction of didactic communication.

Results. In the process of comparative analysis, the authors characterize the psychotechnical, consultative-psychotherapeutic and existential-reflexive strategies of didactic communication.

Conclusion. It is concluded that in the real practice of educational interaction, the above strategies can be represented by numerous variations, partially intersecting and interpenetrating. However, the creation of conditions for a motivated and conscious choice by the teacher of a didactic communication strategy that, on the one hand, would meet didactic goals, and on the other hand, would correspond to his/her communicative attitudes and system of ideas, is an urgent task of the educational process. This is where educational psychology can and should help.
Psychological problems of the formation of a common value system: conceptualization of social functions of the Russian military intelligentsia
Authors: Naumov P. Yu.
Published: May 2022

Introduction. The subject of research in the article is the psychological problems of the formation of a system of universal values.

Purpose setting. The paper conceptualizes the social functions of the Russian military intelligentsia. It is noted that at present humanity is experiencing a crisis of traditional and classical forms and methods of sociality, starting with the family and ending with the state and the world community.

Methodology of the study. The main methods in the work were the system method; historiographical method; comparison and modeling.

Results. The lack of fairness and honesty is the main cause of economic and social disruption, which is rapidly progressing. It can be stopped only through the restoration of attention to the common, the creation and cultivation of universal values. Without belittling the importance and significance of local communities, it is necessary to create a common value space. An important condition for this is the agreement on basic values. The author points out that in the most difficult socio-cultural and informational conditions, the system of professional military education and upbringing is faced with the task of forming and developing the personality of a professional military officer, i.e. an officer who possesses not only professional qualities and abilities, knowledge and skills that form his competence, but also a system of values that characterizes him as a defender of the Motherland and an intellectual.

Conclusion. As a conclusion, it is substantiated that a universal, humanistically oriented identity based on common moral values can be “cemented” by the intelligentsia, which needs to become a social pillar of justice and solidarity as the highest forms of social community. It is logical that the value system of the intelligentsia will be intelligence as a social existential quality, focused on common moral values, and not just on the professional ethics of particular social groups. At the same time, since the system of military education has remained a kind of “enclave” of the traditional education system, in which the processes of training and education perform an equally important function, it is the military intelligentsia that is able to take on the role of supporting for the rest of the social groups that are traditionally considered to be intellectuals.
Critical thinking and its necessity for the system of higher education
Authors: Barbashina E. V.
Published: May 2022

Introduction. In modern literature on philosophy, pedagogy, psychology, the need for critical thinking for a person living in modern society, and for a graduate of a higher educational institution, is affirmed.

Problem statement. The purpose of the article is to specify the reasons for the need for critical thinking. To achieve the goal at the first stage, the author analyzed the English-language review articles on various aspects of critical thinking.

Methodology of the study. At the second step, based on the results of the first one, the most significant features of understanding critical thinking in philosophy (ideal, abstract carrier of critical thinking, emphasis on formal logical thought procedures), psychology (attention to thinking in specific situations, determining the connection between critical thinking and types of behavior, analysis of critical thinking skills in certain situations), pedagogy (orientation to the educational practice , reliance on empirical research).

Outcomes. Based on the analysis of the review articles, the most significant coherent characteristics of critical thinking as a process were identified: the ability to fix a problem and to put forward hypotheses for its solution, reasoned analysis of hypotheses, comparison with other options, ability to refuse a preliminary solution to the problem, and others. It was also revealed that “intellectual virtues” are necessary for the implementation of critical thinking: the desire for education, responsible reasoning, mental flexibility, rejection of prejudices and intellectual egocentrism.

Findings. The analysis of the documents of the World Economic Forum (2016, 2018) showed that critical thinking is included in the list of the main skills of students and professionals.
Low Alveolar Macrophage Function, Low IL-6, and High CD4 Cell Count Interaction in BALF of Severe Pneumonia Patients with Extubation Success
Authors: Singh Gurmeet , Rumende Cleopas Martin , Sharma Surendra K , Rengganis Iris , Amin Zulkifli , Loho Tonny , Pranggono Emmy Hermiyanti , Harimurti Kuntjoro , Wibowo Heri , Fauzi Nova Bornida , Masse Sudirman Fakhruddin
Published: May 2022

BackgroundUnderstanding the bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid immunopathology biomarker interactions can help clinicians decipher the pathophysiology of severe pneumonia and get better management for early extubation.ObjectivesThe objectives were to assess bronchoalveolar lavage fluid biomarker interactions of severely affected lung and their association in determining the early extubation success.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we consecutively evaluated 137 severe pneumonia patients. Patients who fulfilled inclusion criteria will undergo early bronchoscopy. The BALF was collected from the right and left lungs. Two Respirologist and Critical Illness consultants, plus one internist, determined the location for severely affected lung. Biomarker interactions in severely affected lung were analyzed. The primary outcome was the 19-days extubation.ResultsForty patients underwent bronchoscopy for BALF collection. The right lung was the predominant severely affected lung (28 patients). Eight patients survived and were successfully extubated within 19 days. There were significantly higher absolute CD4 + BALF cell counts (95% Confidence Interval = 9,24–49,50, p = 0,003) in the left lung and higher absolute CD4 + BALF cell counts (95% Confidence Interval = 9,00–29,75, p = 0,010) in the patients with extubation success and survived. Among all the patients with extubation success within 19 days, eight patients (100%) displayed the tendency of high CD4 levels (cutoff points median 16 cells/µL), low expression of alveolar macrophage function (cutoff points by ROC 756.5 MFI CD169), and low expression of IL-6 (cutoff points by ROC 369 pg/mg protein).ConclusionIn severely affected lung of severe pneumonia patients with early extubation success and survived, we found biomarker interactions marked by low alveolar macrophage function, low IL-6 levels, and high CD4 levels.Trial RegistrationThe study was registered at UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) (registration number UMIN000046236), accessible at: https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000049197
Development of a predictive model for common bile duct stones in patients with clinical suspicion of choledocholithiasis: a single-center cohort study
Authors: Tunruttanakul Suppadech , Chareonsil Borirak , Verasmith Kotchakorn , Patumanond Jayanton , Mingmalairak Chatchai
Published: May 2022

BackgroundCurrent choledocholithiasis guidelines heavily focus on patients with low or no risk; they may be inappropriate for populations with high rates of choledocholithiasis. We aimed to develop a predictive scoring model for choledocholithiasis in patients with relevant clinical manifestations. MethodsDesign: A multivariable predictive model development study based on a retrospective cohort of patients with clinical suspicion of choledocholithiasis. Setting: A single 700-bed tertiary public hospital. Participants: Patients who completed three reference tests (endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, and intraoperative cholangiography) from January 2019 to June 2021.Statistical analysis: The model was developed using logistic regression analysis. Predictor selection was conducted using a backward stepwise approach. Three risk groups were considered. Model performance was evaluated by area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, calibration, classification measures, and decision curve analyses. Results Six hundred twenty-one patients were included; the choledocholithiasis prevalence was 59.9%. The predictors were age > 55 years, pancreatitis, cholangitis, cirrhosis, alkaline phosphatase level 125–250 or > 250 U/L, total bilirubin level > 4 mg/dL, common bile duct size > 6 mm, and common bile duct stone detection. Pancreatitis and cirrhosis each had a negative score. The sum of scores was -4.5 to 28.5. Patients were categorized into three risk groups: low-intermediate (score ≤ 5), intermediate (score 5–15), and high (score ≥ 15). Positive likelihood ratios were 0.16 and 3.47 in the low-intermediate and high risk groups, respectively.The model had an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.76, 0.83) and was well-calibrated; it exhibited better statistical suitability to the high-prevalence population, compared to current guidelines. ConclusionsOur scoring model had good predictive ability for choledocholithiasis in patients with relevant clinical manifestations. Consideration of other factors is necessary for clinical application, particularly regarding the availability of expert physicians and specialized equipment.
Accelerating Minimap2 for accurate long read alignment on GPUs
Authors: SADASIVAN HARISANKAR , Maric Milos , Dawson Eric , Iyer Vishanth , Israeli Johnny , Narayanasamy Satish
Published: May 2022

Background

Long read sequencing technology is becoming increasingly popular for Precision Medicine applications like variant calling from Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) and for metagenomics applications like microbial abundance estimation. Minimap2 is the state-of-the-art aligner and mapper used by the leading long read sequencing technologies, today. However, Minimap2 is very slow for long noisy reads. ∼60-70% of the run-time on a CPU comes from the highly sequential chaining step in Minimap2. On the other hand, most Point-of-Care computational workflows in long read sequencing use Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). We present minimap2-accelerated ( mm2-ax ), a heterogeneous design for sequence mapping and alignment where the compute intensive chaining step of minimap2 is sped up on the GPU and demonstrate its time and cost benefits.

Results

We extract better intra-read parallelism from chaining without loosing mapping accuracy by forward transforming Minimap2’s chaining algorithm . Further, we utilize the high memory available on modern cloud instances for better performance on the GPU by converting a sparse vector which defines the chaining workload to a dense one in order to optimize for better arithmetic intensity (more operations per byte of data fetched from high-latency global memory) on the GPU. We also optimize for better workload balancing, data locality and minimal branch divergence on the GPU. We show mm2-ax on an NVIDIA A100 GPU improves the chaining step with 12.6 - 5X speedup and 9.44 - 3.77X speedup: costup over the fastest version of Minimap2, mm2-fast , benchmarked on a single Google Cloud Platform instance of 30 SIMD cores.

Conclusions

mm2-ax is minimap2 sped-up on GPU without losing mapping accuracy. mm2-ax executable is made available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6374533 .
Development of a Novel Intra-Operative Evaluation Method for the Directions and Degrees of Malrotation in Supracondylar Humerus Fractures
Authors: Tang Yifu , Li Xiaoning , Guo Qiang , Huang Yuzhao , Kuang Wei , Luo Ling
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The malrotation of supracondylar humerus fractures (SCHF) often occurred, prolonging the reduction time during operation. An effective method should be established to achieve accurate reduction rapidly.Methods: Three dimensional (3D) printed humerus models were used to obtain the linear correlation equation between the width and projection degrees. Then, transverse fracture was performed in the peak of the humeral olecranon fossa of 3D printed models, which was examined by C-arm in the lateral 45° oblique position. Then, ten images in models and five cases in clinics with internal or external rotation within 90° were selected, as their rotation direction and degrees were evaluated by five orthopedic surgeons. Finally, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Kappa statistic were used to analyze the accuracy of this novel method.Results: After linear regression analysis, the equation was obtained to show the correlation between the distal fracture line width and the rotation degrees. With the application of this method, the observers correctly predicted the rotation direction in 96% and correctly predicted the rotation degrees in 86% of models with a superior ICC value. Especially in the rotation range from -45° to 45°, the accuracy of rotation direction and degrees could reach to 100% and 93.3%. Also, it has an equally accuracy (24/30) in five clinical cases.Conclusions: This method provided a simple and efficient method for correcting intraoperative rotational displacement in patients with SCHF. By using this method, it can rapidly correct the malrotation displacement during operation, in order to distinctly shorten operation time, reduce bleeding volume and potential skeletal muscle injuries.
Characterization Free-living (FL) and Particle-attached (PA) bacterial communities of a canyon river reservoir on Yungui Plateau, China
Authors: Yang Yang , Chen Chen , Tao Xu
Published: May 2022

Bacteria play an important role in nutrient recycling and energy conversion in any aquatic ecosystem. Revealing the composition of free-living (FL) and particle-attached (PA) bacterial communities provide insights into their roles for biogeochemical processes and algal bloom dynamics. This study revealed the structure of FL and PA bacterial communities in a canyon reservoir in the Yungui-Plateau region, southern China. Firstly, we compared the difference using 3.0 µm and 5.0 µm filter for PA and FL bacterial communities (defined as PA3, FL3 and PA5, FL5), in order to choose the better sampling protocol. Secondly, we identified the differences between FL and PA in respect of their composition, diversity as well as function. Results showed that (1) dominant taxa did not change between FL3 and FL5, PA3 and PA5, but the relative abundance varied. Community composition and predicted gene functions showed significant differences between PA3 and PA5, while insignificant difference was noticed between FL3 and FL5; (2) FL was dominated by Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, while PA was dominated by Planctomycetes and Proteobacteria; (3) there was insignificant difference on α-diversity between PA3 and PA3, but PA5 community exhibited greater dissimilarity (β-diversity) than PA3; (4) differences were detected between FL and PA community, with PA community exhibiting greater diversity and metabolic versatility than FL; (5) nitrogen metabolism related genes were abundant, implying an important role of both FL and PA in aquatic nitrogen cycling and hence in the microbial loop in this reservoir. This study provided evidence for using 5.0 µm filter to separate PA bacterial community, and also presented fundamental information on FL and PA bacterioplankton in Wujiangdu reservoir.
A Random Reversible Watermarking Schefme for Relational Data
Authors: Liu Qiang , Xian Hequn , Zhang Jiancheng , Liu Kunpeng
Published: May 2022

In the era of Big Data, relational data is at risk of piracy and misuse when distributed, shared and used. The use of digital watermarking technology is a reliable way to protect the copyright of relational data. In order to protect the copyright of relational data and recover the original data, many reversible watermarking schemes have been proposed in recent years, but most of them cannot extract the watermark information completely under severe attacks. To address this problem, a random-ized reversible watermarking scheme is proposed.Watermark embedding algorithm, watermark integrity checking algorithm, watermark detection algorithm and data recovery algorithm were designed. The watermark capacity is increased by embedding multiple watermarks in selected tuples, and the randomness of the watermark information distribution is increased by embedding unequal proportions of watermarks in different tuples. In extracting the watermark, the attacked bits are discarded to improve the accuracy of watermark detection. In addition, only a partition with complete watermark information is selected for watermark extraction. This not only improves the speed of watermark extraction, but also avoids the risk of key leakage from other partitions. The experimental results show that the complete watermark information can be extracted even when more than 90% of the tuples are under attack.
Increased ATP citrate lyase affects maternal diabetes-induced neural tube defects by promoting the H3K27ac modification through the Gadd45g pathway
Authors: Bai Baoling , Xiao Zonghui , Zhou Zenzhen , Wan Chunlei , Li Dan , Liu Lingyun , Sun Chunrong , Bao Yihua , Li Huili , Zhang Qin
Published: May 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM) in early pregnancy increases the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in offspring. Enzyme-regulated histone acetylation has been reportedly linked to this pathological process. Few studies have focused on the intermediate acetyl-CoA, a substrate source of histone acetylation modification in maternal DM-induced NTDs. Here, we report that ATP citrate lyase (Acl), a metabolic enzyme of the glucose-related tricarboxylic acid cycle, has increased expression in DM-related NTDs of humans and mice, which induces acetyl-CoA accumulation and subsequently upregulates histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac). Elevated H3K27ac reduces expression of genes for neural tube closure, Gadd45g and Ddit3. After inhibition of Acl, glucose-induced suppression of Gadd45g is alleviated by downregulation of H3K27ac both in vivo and in vitro, which is a possible mechanism of NTDs. Our results indicate that high glucose regulates NTD-related genes by increasing Acl and upregulating H3K27ac, which provide a novel pathological mechanism of DM-related NTDs.
Molecular Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Cattle and Humans, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kwaghe Ayi Vandi , Ameh James Agbo , Kudi Caleb Ayuba. , Ambali Abdul-Ganiyu , Adesokan Hezekiah Kehinde , Akinseye Victor Oluwatoyin , Adelakun Olubukola Deborah , Usman Joy Gararawa , Cadmus Simeon Idowu
Published: May 2022

Introduction: In Nigeria, limited data exist to elucidate the inter-transmission of tuberculosis (TB) between humans and cattle. The study aimed at determining the circulating spoligotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in cattle and humans, in Maiduguri.Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study on bovine and human tuberculosis in Maiduguri, Borno state. We calculated sample size using the method Thrusfield and Lesions suggestive of TB from 160 slaughtered cattle was obtained from Maiduguri Central Abattoir. Sputum samples from humans; 82 abattoir workers and 147 suspected TB patients from Hospitals/clinics were obtained. Lesions and sputum samples were cultured for the isolation of Mycobacterium spp. Positive cultures were subjected to deletion analysis and selected isolates were spoligotyped. Results: Fifty-two isolates were obtained from cattle. Of these, 26 (50%) belonged to M. tuberculosis complex (MTC) of which 17/26 (65.4 %) were characterized as M. bovis. In humans, seven of 12 (58.3%) MTC obtained were characterized as M. tuberculosis. Spoligotyping revealed SB0944 and SB1025 in cattle, while SIT838, SIT61 of LAM10_CAM and SIT1054, SIT46 of Haarlem (H) families were obtained from humans. Conclusions: Our findings reiterate the dominance of SB0944 and SB1025 in cattle in Nigeria. We isolated M. tuberculosis strain of the H family mainly domiciled in Europe from humans.
Diabetes treatment cost analysis in Jilin Province in 2016- 2019 using the structural change method
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Yu Jianxing , Jia Huanhuan , Feng Tianyu , Yu Xihe
Published: May 2022

Aim
To analyse the development trend of diabetes treatment costs in Jilin Province and its related factors from 2016–2019 and to provide a theoretical basis for the reform of the health care system in Jilin Province, the reduction of residents' disease burden and the formulation of relevant policies.
Method
Based on the SHA2011 method of health cost accounting, the data on diabetes treatment expenses in Jilin Province were collated. The change trend of diabetes treatment cost and project constitution in Jilin Province was analysed by structural analysis.
Results
The total cost of diabetes treatment increased from 2 billion 348 million yuan in 2016 to 2 billion 833 million yuan in 2019, with an average annual growth rate of 6.46%. The average outpatient expenses for diabetes in Jilin increased from 240.53 yuan to 304.61 yuan, corresponding to an average annual increase of 8.19%. The average hospitalization expenses related to diabetes in Jilin Province decreased from 7280.63 yuan to 6707.33 yuan, a decrease of 2.70%.
Conclusion
The cost of diabetes treatment in Jilin Province showed a rapid growth trend. The increase in hospitalization expenses was mainly due to the increase in the number of outpatients. The increase in outpatient expenses was mainly due to the increase in average outpatient expenses.
Predation risk of artificial ground nests in a post-mining landscape after opencast brown coal mining in the Czech Republic
Authors: Novák Jakub , Hendrychová Markéta
Published: May 2022

Context
Opencast mining of minerals has a considerable impact on the landscape and local ecosystems including bird communities. Suitable landscape restoration methods can replace habitats lost due to mining activities.
Objectives
Our study aimed to identify how factors such as restoration management, spatial distribution and vegetation characteristics of restored habitats can affect the risk of bird nest predation.
Methods
In 2018 and 2019 we conducted a field experiment using 726 artificial ground bird nests installed on four spoil heaps and in the surrounding landscape of North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin in the Czech Republic.
Results
Nests on the post-mining sites suffered from a significantly higher risk of predation (75.4%) than nests in the surrounding landscape (60.3%), especially on technically reclaimed sites (71.8%) compared to near-natural habitats (64.7%). A generalized linear mixed model confirmed a statistically significant impact of horizontally more heterogeneous but vertically not very diversified vegetation cover of the site on a higher risk of predation of nests installed both inside and outside post-mining sites. The risk of predation of nests adjacent to the spoil heaps decreased with increasing distance of the nest from the heap.
Conclusions
We consider spoil heaps as centres and sources of nest predation. We interpret the significant impact of the vegetation structure on risk of predation as result of post-mining rehabilitation approach. The higher risk of nest predation on post-mining sites reflected the character of technically reclaimed habitats. We recommend a greater extent of natural restoration methods in current rehabilitation policy.
Using a hybrid approach based on electrical circuit theory and the least cost method to determine possible corridors of Armenian Wild sheep (Ovis orientalis gmelini): A case study, west and northwest of Iran
Authors: Rouhi Haydar , Hasti Farzam , Almasieh Kamran , MoradKasani Mohammad
Published: May 2022

Maintaining linkages between remaining natural areas is increasingly important to ameliorate the negative effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on wildlife populations. Identifying environmental corridors is critical to biodiversity conservation and landscape planning. In recent decades, many methods have been developed to increase ecological linkages and establish gene binding to prevent mismanagement of protected areas. However, the multiplicity and complexity of methods can be a barrier for conservation planners. Here, we combine a limited set of several methods to provide a connection analysis framework that provides iterative, intuitive, and environmentally related connection estimates. In this study, firstly we investigated the habitat suitability of Armenian Wild sheep as a target species by ecological niche factor analysis. Then, by using the theory of electrical circuits and analysis of the least cost route of habitat communication between habitat spots was investigated. Based on flow maps, movement patterns and functional communication were identified for the target species as well as important communication areas in the study area. The results show that based on the circuit theory approach, the flow through the pixels (nodes) is equivalent to the probability of species movement. Therefore, it can be interpreted that if the target species travel between the mentioned habitats, the sections with high flow intensity will be the most probable route for their passage. Identification of important communication areas in the region is another important result of flow maps. The protection of these important areas is very important.
Fast kinetic simulator for relativistic matter
Authors: Ambrus Victor , Bazzanini Lorenzo , Gabbana Alessandro , Simeoni Daniele , succi sauro sauro , Tripiccione Raffaele
Published: May 2022

We present a new family of relativistic lattice kinetic schemes for the efficient simulation of relativistic flows in both strongly-interacting (fluid) and weakly-interacting (rarefied gas) regimes. The method can also deal with both massless and massive particles, thereby encompassing ultra-relativistic and mildly-relativistic regimes alike. The computational performance of the method for the simulation of relativistic flows across the aforementioned regimes is discussed in detail, along with prospects of future applications for Quark-Gluon Plasma, electron flows in graphene and systems in astrophysical contexts.
Contrast enhanced ultrasound predict hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence: a retrospective observation cohort study
Authors: Tu Haibin , Feng Siyi , Chen Lihong , Huang Yujie , Zhang Juzhen , Zhu Lingxuan , Wu Xiaoxiong
Published: May 2022

Background: Surgery is the main treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but early recurrence (ER) affects patients' prognosis. Non-invasive screening of high-risk recurrence groups is important for precise treatment to formulate personalized treatment. contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) may realize this scenarioObjectives: Construction and validation of a non-invasive prediction model for ER of HCC after surgery based on CEUS and serological biomarkers.Methods: 466 patients who underwent CEUS and curative resection between 2016.1.1 and 2019.1.1 were retrospectively recruited from one institution. The training and testing cohorts comprised 326 and 140 patients. We collected CEUS Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) grading and serological indicators. Finding risk factors for recurrence of HCC after surgery using univariate and multvariatel analysis, and the Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound Serological (CEUSS) model was constructed. Different models were compared using time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (td-AUC) and prediction error. The CEUSS model’s performances in ER prediction were assessed.Results: Base-line data of the training and testing cohorts were equal. LI-RADS category, α-fetoprotein level, tumor maximum diameter, total bilirubin level, starting time, iso-time, and enhancement pattern were independent hazards, and their hazards ratios were 1.417, 1.309, 1.133, 1.036, 0.883, 0.985, and 0.70, respectively. The AUCs of CEUSS, BCLC, TNM, and CNLC were 0.706, 0.641, 0.647, and 0.636, respectively, in the training cohort and 0.680, 0.583, 0.607, and 0.597, respectively, in the testing cohort. The prediction errors of CEUSS, BCLC, TNM, and CNLC were 0.202, 0.205, 0.205, and 0.200, respectively, in the training cohort and 0.204, 0.221, 0.219, and 0.211, respectively, in the testing cohort.Conclusions: CEUSS model can effectively screen out high-risk recurrence population, providing an important basis for precise treatment.
Tongguan capsule for treating Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Integrating Network Pharmacology and Mechanism Study
Authors: Liu Jiantao , Liu Chunping , Cen Huan , Chen Huiqi , Zhang Shihui , Yang Hailong , Liu Fang , Chen Quanfu , Wang Lei
Published: May 2022

Purpose
Tongguan Capsule (TGC) is widely used in the treatment of coronary atherosclerotic disease and heart failure after myocardial infarction; yet, the exact mechanism of action is still unclear. In this study, network pharmacology and experimental validation were used to examine the mechanism of TGC prescription in the treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI).
Methods
The components of TGC and candidate targets for MIRI therapy were searched through multiple databases. ClueGO plug-in of Cytoscape was used for enrichment analysis. The binding ability of components to the target was determined by molecular docking.Finally, MIRI model in vivo and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model in vitro were established for verification.
Results
Molecular docking results suggested that components such as kaempferol, kaempferol, luteolin, tanshinone IIA had a high affinity with autophagy-related proteins in the mTOR pathway. Further in vivo testing indicated that TGC could improve cardiac function and reduce infarct size in a MIRI mouse model. In vitro experiments also suggested that TGC inhibited H/R cell apoptosis by increasing the levels of GSK-3β, LC3, and Beclin1, and by decreasing the expression of mTOR and p62.
Conclusion
To sum up, these data indicated that TGC could protect the heart from MIRI by upregulating autophagy.
A new irrigation system without any external sources
Authors: Nayak Ramesh Chandra , Samal Chandrika , Roul Manmatha K. , Padhi Payodhar
Published: May 2022

India is the second most populous country in the world and relies heavily on agriculture as its main source of income. The combination of agriculture and technology is needed to accelerate the development of agriculture, especially in rural areas, to increase productivity, efficiency and profitability. Application of technology in agriculture will enhance the farmers to involve in their occupation. Agriculture mainly consists of field grounding, transplantation, harvesting. In each steps of agriculture irrigation is the main requirement. Farmers are spending more to irrigate their farm for agriculture. So application of technology on irrigation is the most important requirement to sustain the farmers. In this work a pendulum operated irrigation model is presented. The designed model is required to attach with the hand pump. The developed system will work without any external source of power, which will provide maximum profit to farmers.
The prognostic value of autophagy related genes with tumor- suppressor function in Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Wen Jian , Wan Lijia , Dong Xieping
Published: May 2022

Background: Ewing sarcoma (ES) is the second most common primary malignant bone tumor mainly occurring in children, adolescents and young adults with high metastasis and mortality. Autophagy has been reported to be involved in the survival of ES, but the role remains unclear. Therefore, it’s necessary to investigate the prognostic value of autophagy related genes using bioinformatics methods. Results: ATG2B, ATG10 and DAPK1 were final screened genes for a prognostic model. KM and risk score plots showed patients in high score group had better prognoses both in training and validation sets. C-indexes of the model for training and validation sets were 0.68 and 0.71, respectively. Calibration analyses indicated the model had high prediction accuracy in training and validation sets. The AUC values of ROC for 1-, 3-, 5-year prediction were 0.65, 0.73 and 0.84 in training set, 0.88, 0.73 and 0.79 in validation set. Decision curve analyses showed that patients could benefit much from the model. Differential and functional analyses suggested that autophagy and apoptosis were upregulated in high risk score group. Conclusions: ATG2B, ATG10 and DAPK1 were ARGs of prognostic value in ES and may also be potential therapeutic targets worth further research.
A Probabilistic Assessment of the Benefit and Risk Analysis of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and Methylmercury in Fish from Taiwan
Authors: Lin Pinpin , Lee Pei-I , Ling Min-Pei
Published: May 2022

Taiwan is surrounded by seas and the residents take the advantage of its favorable geographical position to acquire fish resources. Fish are high in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, nearly all fish contain traces of mercury (Hg). This study carries out probabilistic approach to quantify the benefit-risk analysis for foods (BROFO) of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and methylmercury (MeHg) for the people who eat the Hg-contaminated fish in Taiwan. The fish assessed were farmed fishes including barramundi, catfish, cobia, etc.; and capture fisheries including anglerfish, blue mackerel, butterfish, etc. The models implemented include the desirable dose index (DI) to account the health benefits, hazard quotient (HQ) to account the developmental neuropsychological impairment effect, and disability adjusted life years (DALY) model to assess the number of years lost by incidence of intelligence quotient (IQ) for infants and coronary heart disease (CHD) or Stroke for adult. The results of this study suggest that to maintain the current levels of intake for cod and scad. Based on the benefits from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an increase in the intake of saury and salmon is recommended.
Development and validation of a novel immune-related prognostic signature in lung squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Liu Xianyu , Shan Yunhan , Zhao Deze , Cui Weifang , Xie Qun , Jiang Junjie , Peng Wei , Zhang Chunfang , Duan Chaojun
Published: May 2022

Background. Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LUSC) is an aggressive malignancy with limited therapeutic options. The response to immune therapy is a determining factor for the prognosis of LUSC patients. This study aimed to develop a reliable immune-related prognostic signature in LUSC. Methods. We extracted gene expression and clinical data of LUSC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). A total of 502 patients enrolled and were divided into respond and non-respond groups by the TIDE algorithm. The CIBERSORT algorithm and the LM22 gene signature were used to analyze the distribution of immune cells in LUSC. Efficacy and response strength of immunotherapy are calculated by the tumor mutation burden (TMB) and ESTIMATE Score. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups were analyzed. The differential expression genes related to overall survival were pointed as hub DEGs, and a prognostic signature was constructed with lasso regression analysis. Results. LUSC patients were divided into responder and non-responder groups based on the response to immunotherapy. The distribution of immune cells was significantly different between the two groups. Forty-four DGEs were considered as overall survival-related genes. A prognostic signature was constructed, consisting of 11 hub-DGEs, including MMP20, C18orf26, CASP14, FAM71E2, OPN4, CGB5, DIRC1, C9orf11, SPATA8, C9orf144B, and ZCCHC5. The signature can accurately distinguish LUSC patients into high and low-risk groups. Moreover, the high-risk group had a shorter survival time than the low-risk group. The area under the ROC curve was 0.67. The multivariate Cox regression showed that the risk score calculated by the constructed signature was an independent prognostic predictor for LUSC patients.ConclusionIn short, we established a novel immune-related prognostic signature in LUCS, which has significant sensitivity and accuracy in predicting the prognosis of patients. Our research can guide the evaluation of the prognosis of LUSC patients in clinical, and the discovered immune-related genes can provide a theoretical basis for the discovery of new therapeutic targets.
Selection for Environmental Variance Shifted the Gut Microbiome Composition Driving Animal Resilience
Authors: Casto-Rebollo Cristina , Argente María José , García María Luz , Pena Ramona Natacha , Blasco Agustín , Ibáñez-Escriche Noelia
Published: May 2022

BackgroundUnderstanding how the host’s microbiome shapes phenotypes and participates in the host response to selection is fundamental for evolutionists and animal and plant breeders. Currently, selection for resilience is considered a critical step in improving the sustainability of livestock systems. Environmental variance (VE), the within-individual variance of a trait, has been successfully used as a proxy for animal resilience. Selection for reduced VE could effectively shift gut microbiome composition, reshape the inflammatory response, triglyceride and cholesterol levels, and drive animal resilience. This study aimed to determine the gut microbiome composition underlying the VE of litter size (LS), for which we performed a metagenomic analysis in two rabbit populations divergently selected for low (n=36) and high (n=34) VE of LS. Partial least square-discriminant analysis, and alpha- and beta-diversity were computed to determine the differences in gut microbiome composition among the rabbit populations. ResultsWe identified 116 KEGG IDs, 164 COG IDs, and 32 species with differences in abundance between the two rabbit populations studied. These variables achieved a classification performance of the VE rabbit populations of over than 80%. Compared to the high VE population, the low VE (resilient) population was characterised by an underrepresentation of Megasphaera sp., A. muris, B. rodentium, R. bromii, B. togonis and Eggerthella sp., and greater abundances of A. shahii, A. prutedinis, O. splanchnicus, L. fermentum and Sutterella, among others. Differences in abundance were also found in pathways related to biofilm formation, quorum sensing, glutamate, and amino acid aromatic metabolism. All these results suggest differences in gut immunity modulation, closely related to resilience.ConclusionsThis is the first study to show that selection for VE of LS can shift the gut microbiome composition. The results revealed differences in microbiome composition related to gut immunity modulation, which could contribute to the differences in resilience among rabbit populations. The selection-driven shifts in gut microbiome composition should make a substantial contribution to the remarkable genetic response observed in the VE rabbit populations.
Routing and wavelength assignment algorithm for mesh-based multiple multicasts in optical network-on-chip
Authors: Gao Fei , Yu Cui , Chen Yawen , Gao Boyong
Published: May 2022

Optical network-on-chip (ONoC) is an emerging architecture to realize high-performance and low power consumption for many-core processors. Multicast in ONoC is a vital communication pattern widely used in parallel computing and computational genomics. This paper proposes an efficient scheme for multiple multicast requests in ONoC. Firstly, we design an algorithm to construct two trees for two multicasts without conflicting edges in a mesh topology, and it only uses one wavelength. We propose a graph to represent the relationship between each multicast. Secondly, a group-based wavelength assignment scheme is designed to assign wavelengths for multiple multicasts. Finally, we used data analysis to extract helpful simulation results to form conclusions. The results indicate that our algorithm is superior to other tree-based schemes in communication latency and wavelength number usage.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant is as Deadly as Previous Waves After Adjusting for Vaccinations, Demographics, and Comorbidities
Authors: Strasser Zachary , Hadavand Aboozar , Murphy Shawn , Estiri Hossein
Published: May 2022

The B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has previously been reported as more transmissible, but less severe than other SARS-CoV-2 variants. To test this assumption, we linked state-level vaccination data with quality-controlled electronic health records from a large healthcare system, including 13 hospitals, in Massachusetts, USA. We then performed a weighted case-control study to compare risks of hospital admission and mortality across the SARS-CoV-2 waves in over 130,000 COVID patients. Although the unadjusted rates of hospital admission and mortality appeared to be higher in previous waves compared to the Omicron period, after adjusting for confounders including various demographics, Charlson comorbidity index scores, and vaccination status (and holding the healthcare utilization constant), we found that the risks of hospitalization and mortality were nearly identical between periods. Our analysis suggests that the intrinsic severity of the Omicron variant may be as severe as previous variants.
A systematic review of risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Ashanti region of Ghana
Authors: Katey Daniel
Published: May 2022

Background
The prevalence and risk factors of type 2 diabetes vary across the urban and rural milieus of Ghana’s Ashanti Region, yet no study has been conducted to synthesise the available studies.
Methods
A comprehensive literature search was carried out in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science with hand searches in Google Scholar and grey literature between May 15, 2021 and June 30, 2021. Searches were made for articles published between January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2020 on type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Ashanti region of Ghana. MeSH terms and keywords, separated by some Boolean operators were used.
Results
The searches yielded a total of 268 articles, of which 12 studies were selected for the final review. Physical inactivity and obesity were identified as the major risk factors of type 2 diabetes in the region. Higher prevalence of the disease was also identified in females. In terms of rural and urban divides, type 2 diabetes mellitus was found predominantly among urban dwellers.
Conclusion
Findings from the study call for mass sensitisation and awareness creation on the diabetes, to ensure that people are well informed on the dynamics of the disease in the region and by extension, the country at large.