bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A critical analysis of surgical outcomes indicators in hepato‐pancreato‐biliary surgery: From crude mortality to composite outcomes
Authors: Di Martino Marcello , Nicolazzi Marco , Baroffio Paolo , Polidoro Michela Anna , Colombo Mainini Cecilia , Pocorobba Amanda , Bottini Eleonora , Donadon Matteo
Published: August 2024

Background

Indicators of surgical outcomes are designed to objectively evaluate surgical performance, enabling comparisons among surgeons and institutions. In recent years, there has been a surge in complex indicators of perioperative short‐term and long‐term outcomes. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview and a critical analysis of surgical outcomes indicators, with a special emphasis on hepato‐pancreato‐biliary (HPB) surgery.

Methods

A narrative review of outcome measures was conducted using a combined text and MeSH search strategy to identify relevant articles focused on perioperative outcomes, specifically within HPB surgery.

Results

The literature search yielded 624 records, and 94 studies were included in the analysis. Included papers were classified depending on whether they assessed intraoperative or postoperative specific or composite outcomes, and whether they assessed purely clinical or combined clinical and socio‐economic indicators. Specific indicators included in composite outcomes were categorized into three main domains: intraoperative metrics, postoperative outcomes, and oncological outcomes. While postoperative mortality, complications, hospital stay and readmission were the indicators most frequently included in composite outcomes, oncological outcomes were rarely considered.

Conclusions

The evolution of surgical outcomes has shifted from the simplistic assessment of crude mortality rates to complex composite outcomes. Whether the recent explosion of publications on these topics has a clinical impact in real life is questionable. Outcomes from the patient perspective, integrating social and financial indicators, are not yet integrated into most of these composite analytical tools but should not be underestimated.
Pseudoscalar Higgs plus jet production at Next-to-Next-to-Leading Order in QCD
Authors: Kim Youngjin , Williams Ciaran
Published: August 2024

Abstract

We present a calculation of pseudoscalar Higgs production in association with a jet at Next-to-Next-to Leading Order (NNLO) accuracy in QCD. We work in an effective field theory in which mt → ∞ resulting in effective operators which couple the pseudoscalar to gluons and (massless) quarks. We have calculated all of the relevant amplitudes for the two-loop, one-loop and tree-level contributions. As a cross-check of our calculation we have re-calculated all of the scalar Higgs plus parton amplitudes and perform a detailed comparison to the literature. In order to regulate the infra-red singularities present at this order we employ the N-jettiness slicing method. In addition to a detailed validation of our calculation at this order we investigate LHC phenomenology for a selection of pseudoscalar Higgs masses. Our results are implemented into the parton-level Monte Carlo code MCFM.
Uncertainty quantification for μ → e conversion in nuclei: charge distributions
Authors: Noël Frederic , Hoferichter Martin
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Predicting the rate for μ → e conversion in nuclei for a given set of effective operators mediating the violation of lepton flavor symmetry crucially depends on hadronic and nuclear matrix elements. In particular, the uncertainties inherent in this non-perturbative input limit the discriminating power that can be achieved among operators by studying different target isotopes. In order to quantify the associated uncertainties, as a first step, we go back to nuclear charge densities and propagate the uncertainties from electron scattering data for a range of isotopes relevant for μ → e conversion in nuclei, including 40,48Ca, 48,50Ti, and 27Al. We provide as central results Fourier-Bessel expansions of the corresponding charge distributions with complete covariance matrices, accounting for Coulomb-distortion effects in a self-consistent manner throughout the calculation. As an application, we evaluate the overlap integrals for μ → e conversion mediated by dipole operators. In combination with modern ab-initio methods, our results will allow for the evaluation of general μ → e conversion rates with quantified uncertainties.
Whole brain radiation therapy for patients with brain metastases: survival outcomes and prognostic factors in a contemporary institutional series
Authors: Estermann Anna , Schneider Chiara , Zimmermann Frank , Papachristofilou Alexandros , Finazzi Tobias
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To study survival outcomes and prognostic factors in patients undergoing whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) for brain metastases in the contemporary setting.

Methods

Patients undergoing WBRT from 2013–2021 were retrospectively included in an ethics-approved institutional database. Patient and treatment characteristics were assessed, including patient age, primary tumor histology, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), extracranial disease, as well as WBRT dose. Overall survival (OS) was calculated from onset of WBRT using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results

A total of 328 patients (median age 63 years) were included. Most patients (52%) had ≥ 10 brain metastases, and 17% had leptomeningeal disease. WBRT was delivered with 10 × 3 Gy (64%), 5 × 4 Gy (25%), or other regimens (11%).

Median follow-up was 4.4 months (range, 0.1–154.3), and median OS was 4.7 months (95%CI, 3.8–6.0). OS differed between histologies (p = 0.01), with the longest survival seen in breast cancer (median 7.7 months). Patients with KPS of 90–100 survived for a median of 8.3 months, compared to 4.1 months with KPS 70–80, and 1.7 months with KPS < 70 (p < 0.01).

Multivariate analyses revealed that KPS had the largest impact on survival. Patients who received a WBRT dose of ≥ 30 Gy also had a reduced risk of death (HR 0.45; p < 0.001). Survival differed between subgroups reclassified according to the Rades scoring system (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Survival outcomes of patients undergoing WBRT in the contemporary era appear comparable to historical cohorts, although individual patient factors need to be considered. Patients with otherwise favorable prognostic factors may benefit from longer-course WBRT.
Striking the balance: ethical challenges and social implications of AI-induced power shifts in healthcare organizations
Authors: Hähnel Martin , Pfeiffer Sabine , Graßmann Stephan
Published: August 2024

The emergence of new digital technologies in modern work organizations is also changing the way employees and employers communicate, design work processes and responsibilities, and delegate. This paper takes an interdisciplinary—namely sociological and philosophical—perspective on the use of AI in healthcare work organizations. Using this example, structural power relations in modern work organizations are first examined from a sociological perspective, and it is shown how these structural power relations, decision-making processes, and areas of responsibility shift when AI is used. In the subsequent ethical part, opportunities for a fairer organization of work, but also dangers due to possibly changed power relations are elaborated and evaluated by presenting a realistic scenario from everyday clinical practice. After combining a proceduralist account of organizational ethics with a virtue-ethical approach, it is argued that certain organizational and character dispositions are necessary for employers and employees to meet the challenge of changing structural power relations in the future. With the same goal, a summative sociological perspective discusses challenges to workplace co-determination.
Feasibility, timing and outcome of leadless cardiac pacemaker implantation in patients undergoing cardiac implantable electronic device extraction
Authors: Kiblboeck Daniel , Blessberger Hermann , Ebner Jakob , Boetscher Jakob , Maier Julian , Reiter Christian , Kellermair Joerg , Steinwender Clemens , Saleh Karim
Published: August 2024

Background

Patients requiring extraction of infected or dysfunctional cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) have high morbidity and mortality. The Micra™ leadless cardiac pacemaker (LCP) may be beneficial for patients requiring permanent pacemaker therapy after CIED extraction.

Methods

This study aimed to assess the feasibility, timing and outcomes of LCP implantation in patients who underwent CIED extraction due to infection or dysfunction. The local Micra™ LCP registry was reviewed for LCP implantations and CIED extractions.

Results

Micra™ LCP implantation was scheduled for 48 consecutive patients (21 women, 44%) undergoing CIED extraction for infection (n = 38, 79%) or dysfunction (n = 10, 21%), and feasible in 47 (98%). Complete CIED removal was feasible in 44 patients (92%) and in 37/38 patients with infected CIED (97%). Overall, 32 LCP (67%) were implanted in a single procedure: 3 (6%) before and 13 (27%) after CIED extraction. LCP were implanted in a single procedure in 24/38 patients (63%) with infected CIED and in 8/10 patients (80%) with dysfunctional CIED. The in-hospital mortality rate was 6% (n = 3), and the survival rates at 30 days, 90 days and 1 year were 94% (n = 45/48), 90% (n = 43/48), and 85% (n = 41/48), respectively. No recurrent LCP-related mortality or infections occurred during a median follow-up of 15 (interquartile range, 12–41) months.

Conclusion

Two-thirds of LCPs could be implanted in a single procedure with CIED extraction; no recurrent infections were detected. Overall, Micra™ LCP implantation in patients requiring CIED extraction was feasible.

Graphical Abstract
A framework for virtual learning in industrial engineering education: development of a reconfigurable virtual learning factory application
Authors: Terkaj Walter , Urgo Marcello , Kovács Péter , Tóth Erik , Mondellini Marta
Published: August 2024

Advances in digital factory technologies are offering great potential to innovate higher education, by enabling innovative learning approaches based on virtual laboratories that increase the involvement of students while delivering realistic experiences. This article introduces a framework for the development of virtual learning applications by addressing multidisciplinary requirements. The implementation of the framework can be eased by the use of the proposed virtual learning factory application (VLFA), an open-source solution that takes advantage of virtual reality to support innovative higher-education learning activities in industrial engineering. A complete design and development workflow is described, starting from the identification of the requirements, to the design of software modules and underlying technologies, up to the final implementation. The framework and the VLFA have been tested to implement a serious game related to the design and analysis of manufacturing systems, also collecting the feedback of students and teachers.
Longer healthy life, but for how many? A stochastic analysis of healthy lifespan inequality
Authors: Zarulli Virginia , Caswell Hal
Published: August 2024

Over the past 150 years, life expectancy doubled and healthy life expectancy increased. Expectations reveal nothing about variability, so we present a stochastic analysis to investigate changes over time, age and gender of variation, among individuals, in healthy lifespan, for different levels of country income. To complement health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) data from the Global Burden of Disease Study, we use a stochastic model to compute the standard deviation of healthy life (SDHL). The model is a finite-state absorbing Markov chain with rewards. It includes stochastic survival, mortality, and loss of good health status. An individual surviving from one age to the next gains, as a "reward," a year of good health. This method provides all the moments of healthy longevity. The mean healthy longevity is exactly the HALE. As a measure of variation, here we focus on the standard deviation of healthy longevity. From 1990 to 2019, HALE increased, with greater increases at younger ages. At the same time, SDHL at younger ages decreased and at older ages increased. The most significant changes at birth occurred in low- and lower-middle-income countries. High- and upper-middle-income countries saw notable increases at old ages. Women generally have longer HALE and higher SDHL, but the overall HALE increase was greater for men. The reduction in SDHL over time suggests that more individuals benefit from increased longevity, particularly in low-income countries closing the gap with high-income countries. However, improvements in healthy survival at older ages appear unevenly distributed among individuals in high-income countries.
Bridging K-12 Student Mental Health Policy to Practice Gaps with a Multi-Component Framework
Authors: Brindley Lindsay , Bauer Paul , Card Alan J. , Crocker John , Ialongo Nick , Tien Allen
Published: August 2024

K-12 schools are a major sector for efforts to prevent and treat student mental health problems. In the United States, these efforts have led to the emergence of the MultiTiered System of Supports (MTSS) universal prevention, early intervention, and treatment policy framework. With a major focus on behavioral and mental health, MTSS has been adopted by all fifty state education departments. However, multi-level complexities of addressing student mental health within and across organizational structures complicate MTSS and broader policy development, implementation, and evaluation; disconnects between policy writers and practitioners obstruct progress, limiting positive outcomes. To bridge these policy-to-practice gaps, a multi-component solution is needed. The authors propose integrating the following elements: the Massachusetts School Mental Health Consortium’s Five Guiding Principles for Building a Coordinated School Mental Health System, the comprehensive school improvement methodology Evolutionary Systems Improvement (ESI); and the ontological framework of BioPsychoSocioTechnical Systems Theory (BPST). Individual application of these components has already yielded systems-level improvements outperforming compliance-driven procedures. Used together, these components offer a multi-level solution for establishing conceptually-guided, measurement-based loops that transcend the restrictions of uninformed policy, supporting stakeholders as they work to systematically eliminate barriers and improve student mental health.
Should we change the term we use for “climate change”? Evidence from a national U.S. terminology experiment
Authors: Bruine de Bruin Wändi , Kruke Laurel , Sinatra Gale M. , Schwarz Norbert
Published: August 2024

The terms “global warming,” “climate crisis,” “climate emergency,” and “climate justice” each draw attention to different aspects of climate change. Psychological theories of attitude formation suggest that people’s attitudes can be influenced by such variations in terminology. In a national experiment, we randomly assigned a national sample of 5,137 U.S. residents to “climate change,” “global warming,” “climate crisis,” “climate emergency,” or “climate justice” and examined their responses. Overall, “climate change” and “global warming” were rated as most familiar and most concerning, and “climate justice” the least, with ratings for “climate crisis” and “climate emergency” falling in between. Moreover, we find no evidence for “climate crisis” or “climate emergency” eliciting more perceived urgency than “climate change” or “global warming.” Rated willingness to support climate-friendly policies and eat less red meat were less affected by presented terms, but they were lowest for “climate justice.” Although effects of terms on rated familiarity, concern, and perceived urgency varied by political leaning, “climate justice” generally received the lowest ratings on these variables among Democrats, Republicans, and Independent/others. Auxiliary analyses found that when terms were unfamiliar, participants were generally less likely to express concern, urgency, policy support, or willingness to eat less red meat. We therefore recommend sticking with familiar terms, conclude that changing terminology is likely not the key solution for promoting climate action, and suggest alternative communication strategies.
Agricultural soils in climate change mitigation: comparing action-based and results-based programmes for carbon sequestration
Authors: Block Julia B. , Hermann Daniel , Mußhoff Oliver
Published: August 2024

Removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere is a major challenge for today’s society. A great source of potential for greenhouse gas sequestration is beneath our feet: agricultural soil. By accumulating soil organic carbon in soil, farmers can sequester carbon dioxide and simultaneously reach soils more resilient to extreme weather events. To encourage farmers to build up humus and thus sequester carbon, some humus programmes have been developed by non-governmental organisations. In this regard, action-based reward systems are on their way to challenging the established results-based approaches. Against this background, we analyse how action-based and results-based approaches, as well as other crucial features of humus programmes, affect farmers’ willingness to participate in a humus programme. We conducted a Discrete-Choice-Experiment and analysed it using a mixed logit model. The results show that farmers have a statistically significant preference for action-based humus programmes, shorter programme durations, higher incentives, and an annual and government-funded payment. More specifically, farmer participation is twice as likely if humus formation is rewarded for action rather than results. The willingness-to-accept calculation indicates that a results-based humus programme would cost the funding agency about €20 more per ton of carbon dioxide sequestered in the soil. Above all, humus programmes with an action-based approach and annual payments would increase farmers’ willingness to participate. Our results contribute to the development of targeted humus programmes and policies to increase carbon sequestration in agricultural soils.
Community Pharmacists’ Views on Their Roles in Mental Health Screening and Management in Malaysia
Authors: Mok Shien Loong , Chuah Jing Ying , Lee Kun Jin , Lim Yee Dom , Appalasamy Jamuna Rani , Saw Pui San , Selvaraj Amutha
Published: August 2024

Community pharmacists (CPs) are vital as primary healthcare providers, particularly in the screening and management of mental health issues. This study aimed to explore CPs’ views on mental health support for patients and the potential challenges in delivering mental health services. Malaysian CPs were recruited through purposive and snowballing sampling. Semi-structured interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data was thematically analyzed using NVivo 12 management software. Twenty CPs from Peninsular Malaysia were interviewed. Participants emphasized the importance of high-quality resources, comprehensive training and standardized tools to effectively provide mental healthcare services. Challenges identified were lack of knowledge and skills, absence of screening tools and social stigma and conservatism, particularly among older individuals. This study underscores the willingness of CPs taking a primary role in mental health services. However, collaboration with relevant stakeholders is crucial, aligning with national strategic plans for the program to be successful.
Performance of tropical and subtropical maize inbred lines under well-watered and drought-stressed environments
Authors: Dube Sweetbird P. , Shayanowako Admire I. T. , Kutu Funso , Sibiya Julia
Published: August 2024

Drought is a major constraint for maize production in sub-Saharan Africa. Developing high-yielding drought-tolerant maize germplasm will safeguard maize yields in the ever-increasing fluctuating rainfall conditions. This study aimed to identify high-yielding inbred lines with stable performance for utilization in hybrid production. One hundred eighty-two (182) maize inbred lines were evaluated under well-watered and drought-stressed conditions at Ukulinga, Makhathini, and Cedara research stations in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The experiments were carried out in a 13 × 14 alpha lattice design with two replications. The inbred lines exhibited significant differences (p ≤ 0.001) for grain yield and yield-related traits under well-watered and drought-stressed environments. The GGE biplot identified three mega-environments, clearly separating drought-stressed from well-watered environments. Inbred lines TZISTR1190, TZISTR1231, TZISTR1261 and CML540 were superior under well-watered conditions, while TZISTR1164 and CML390 performed well under drought condition. TZISTR1190 displayed both high average yield and stability across environments. Inbred lines combining stable high yielding performance in optimum and stress conditions such as TZISTR1190 and TZISTR1231, can be incorporated into local maize breeding pipelines to develop stable high yielding resilient hybrids.
The utility of urine sodium–guided diuresis during acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Siddiqi Hasan K. , Cox Zachary L. , Stevenson Lynne W. , Damman Kevin , ter Maaten Jozine M. , Bales Brian , Han Jin H. , Ivey-Miranda Juan B. , Lindenfeld JoAnn , Miller Karen F. , Ooi Henry , Rao Veena S. , Schlendorf Kelly , Storrow Alan B. , Walsh Ryan , Wrenn Jesse , Testani Jeffrey M. , Collins Sean P.
Published: August 2024

Diuresis to achieve decongestion is a central aim of therapy in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). While multiple approaches have been tried to achieve adequate decongestion rapidly while minimizing adverse effects, no single diuretic strategy has shown superiority, and there is a paucity of data and guidelines to utilize in making these decisions. Observational cohort studies have shown associations between urine sodium excretion and outcomes after hospitalization for ADHF. Urine chemistries (urine sodium ± urine creatinine) may guide diuretic titration during ADHF, and multiple randomized clinical trials have been designed to compare a strategy of urine chemistry–guided diuresis to usual care. This review will summarize current literature for diuretic monitoring and titration strategies, outline evidence gaps, and describe the recently completed and ongoing clinical trials to address these gaps in patients with ADHF with a particular focus on the utility of urine sodium–guided strategies.
Does promotion foster career sustainability? A comparative three-wave study on the role of promotion in work stress, job satisfaction, and career-related performance
Authors: Udayar Shagini , Urbanaviciute Ieva , Maggiori Christian , Rossier Jérôme
Published: August 2024

The present study investigates the role of promotion in employees’ happiness (job satisfaction), health (work stress), and career-related performance (perceived employability and career prospects). Positive and negative changes in the above-mentioned career sustainability indicators were investigated over a 2-year period. The promotion subsample (n = 128) was compared with a matched sample of non-promoted employees (n = 150). We also tested the role of gender in responding to a promotion. The findings suggest that the promotion may have equivocal effects on employees’ happiness, health, and career-related performance over time, and therefore does not foster their career sustainability.
Tocilizumab unfolds colo-protective and immunomodulatory effect in experimentally induced ulcerative colitis via mitigating autophagy and ER stress signaling
Authors: Younes Omnia A. , Elsherbiny Doaa M. , Hanna Diana M. F. , Gad Amany M. , Azab Samar S.
Published: August 2024

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic, chronic, relapsing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The pathophysiology of UC is complicated and involves several factors including immune, genetic, and environmental factors. Recently, a huge amount of research has concentrated on the role of interleukins including interleukin-6 (IL-6) in its pathophysiology. Thus, this study aims to examine the colo-protective and immunomodulatory effect of Tocilizumab (TCZ) in an experimental model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced UC. In the current study, we analyzed the inflammatory, immunomodulatory, apoptotic, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers and other clinical features including stool consistency, rectal bleeding, and edema markers in rats. Our results showed that induction of colitis caused bloody diarrhea and increased IL-6 levels. Treatment with TCZ significantly ameliorated DSS-induced injury via decreasing inflammatory markers of colon injury (IL-6), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Furthermore, TCZ attenuated the apoptotic marker (caspase-3), and down-regulated endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor proteins (inositol- requiring transmembrane kinase endonuclease-1 (IRE-1) and activated transcription factor-6 (ATF-6)) and autophagy proteins (autophagy-related 16-like protein 1 (ATG16L1) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein-2 (NOD2)), as compared to DSS group. Altogether, the current data suggest TCZ to be a promising protective therapy against UC.

Graphical Abstract
Continuous Equality Knapsack with Probit-Style Objectives
Authors: Fravel Jamie , Hildebrand Robert , Travis Laurel
Published: August 2024

We study continuous, equality knapsack problems with uniform separable, non-convex objective functions that are continuous, antisymmetric about a point, and have concave and convex regions. For example, this model captures a simple allocation problem with the goal of optimizing an expected value where the objective is a sum of cumulative distribution functions of identically distributed normal distributions (i.e., a sum of inverse probit functions). We prove structural results of this model under general assumptions and provide two algorithms for efficient optimization: (1) running in linear time and (2) running in a constant number of operations given preprocessing of the objective function.
System identification and force estimation of robotic manipulator using semirecursive multibody formulation
Authors: Pyrhönen Lauri , Mikkola Aki , Naets Frank
Published: August 2024

Force estimation in multibody dynamics relies heavily on knowing the system model with a high level of accuracy. However, in complex mechatronic systems, such as robots or mobile machinery, the values of model parameters may be only roughly estimated based on design information, such as CAD data. The errors in model parameters consequently have a direct effect on force estimation accuracy because the estimator compensates the erroneous inertia, friction, and applied forces by changing the value of estimated external force. The objective of this study is to present the workflow of system identification and state/force estimation of an open-loop multibody structure. The system identification utilizes a linear regression identification method used in robotics adapted to the multibody framework. The semirecursive multibody formulation, in particular, is studied as a formulation for both system identification and force estimation. The multibody state/force estimator is constructed using extended Kalman filter. The specific aim of this paper is to demonstrate the utilization of these per se known modeling, identification, and estimation tools to address their current lack of integration as a complete toolchain in virtual sensing of multibody systems. The methodology of the study is tested with both artificial and experimental data of Stäubli TX40 robotic manipulator. In the experimental analysis, an openly available benchmark data set was used. Artificial data were created by running an inverse dynamics analysis with inertia and friction parameters taken from literature. The results show that the multibody inertia and friction parameters can be accurately identified and the identified model can be used to produce decent estimates of external forces. The proposed multibody system identification method itself opens new opportunities in tuning the multibody models used in product development. Moreover, effective use of system identification together with state estimation helps to build more accurate estimators. When the system model is accurately identified, the capability of state estimator to observe unknown inputs, such as external forces, is significantly enhanced.
Public awareness of rip currents among American adults
Authors: O’Halloran Chris , Silver Mary
Published: August 2024

Rip current awareness is essential for safety of the beach-going American public. In this study, we investigated American adults’ awareness of ocean safety via an online survey. A total of 1226 respondents participated in the survey. The results revealed that only 44% of the participants were aware that rip currents are the major cause of drownings in the United States. Most participants (64%) reported that the best way to escape a rip current was by swimming parallel (sideways) to the shore, while 8% reported it to be floating and letting the current carry one; further 3% of the respondents mentioned screaming for help as a rescue measure. Interestingly, while most of the respondents reported they could swim (71%), the number of White participants among swimmers was four times higher than that of their Asian, Black, American Indian, and Latino counterparts. Furthermore, less than half of the respondents (44%) reported reading and following the posted beach signs with safety information, while around one-fourth (23%) reported swimming near lifeguards. We also found a strong association between the respondents’ knowledge about how to escape a rip current and reading beach ocean safety signs. The findings of this study contribute to previous research on rip currents and may assist in developing more effective ocean safety interventions for the diverse American public visiting various marine environments along the vast U.S. coastline.
Logic Families
Authors: Andréka Hajnal , Gyenis Zalán , Németi István , Sain Ildikó
Published: August 2024

A logic family is a bunch of logics that belong together in some way. First-order logic is one of the examples. Logics organized into a structure occur in abstract model theory, institution theory and in algebraic logic. Logic families play a role in adopting methods for investigating sentential logics to first-order like logics. We thoroughly discuss the notion of logic families as defined in the recent Universal Algebraic Logic book.
AdaptUI: A Framework for the development of Adaptive User Interfaces in Smart Product-Service Systems
Authors: Carrera-Rivera Angela , Larrinaga Felix , Lasa Ganix , Martinez-Arellano Giovanna , Unamuno Gorka
Published: August 2024

Smart Product–Service Systems (S-PSS) represent an innovative business model that integrates intelligent products with advanced digital capabilities and corresponding e-services. The user experience (UX) within an S-PSS is heavily influenced by the customization of services and customer empowerment. However, conventional UX analysis primarily focuses on the design stage and may not adequately respond to the evolving user needs during the usage stage and how to exploit the data surrounding the use of S-PSS. To overcome these limitations, this article introduces a practical framework for developing Adaptive User Interfaces within S-PSS. This framework integrates ontologies and Context-aware recommendation systems, with user interactions serving as the primary data source, facilitating the development of adaptive user interfaces. One of the main contributions of this work lies on the integration of various components to achieve the creation of Adaptive User Interfaces for digital services. A case study of a smart device app is presented, to demonstrate the practical implementation of the framework, with a hands-on development approach, considering technological aspects and utilizing appropriate tools. The results of the evaluation of the recommendation engine show that using a context-aware approach improves the precision of recommendations. Furthermore, pragmatic aspects of UX, such as usefulness and system efficiency, are evaluated with participants with an overall positive impact on the use of the smart device.
Pirfenidone inhibits TGF-β1-induced fibrosis via downregulation of Smad and ERK pathway in MDCK cells
Authors: Im Chae-Yoon , Kim Se-Hoon , Song Ki-Hoon , Ryu Min-Ok , Youn Hwa-Young , Seo Kyoung-Won
Published: August 2024

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs increases with age, and renal fibrosis is an important pathophysiological mechanism in this process. However, only a few drugs that can effectively inhibit fibrosis in the kidneys of dogs are currently available. In this study, we aimed to determine whether pirfenidone, a drug that has shown antifibrotic effects in various clinical studies, also exerts antifibrotic effects on canine renal tubular epithelial cells, Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK). To this end, we treated MDCK cells with various concentrations of pirfenidone, followed by transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) to stimulate fibrotic conditions. A cell viability assay was performed to determine the effect of pirfenidone on cell survival. Fibrosis-related markers and TGF-β1 fibrotic pathway-related markers were assessed using qPCR, Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test for multiple comparisons. Pirfenidone treatment significantly reduced the expression of profibrotic markers such as α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, and collagen. Additionally, it upregulated the expression of E-cadherin, an epithelial marker. Furthermore, pirfenidone effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of key factors involved in the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, including Smad2/3 and ERK1/2. These results demonstrate that pirfenidone suppresses TGF-β1-induced fibrosis in MDCK cells by attenuating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the relevant signaling pathways.
Modelling passive sampling of hydrophilic compounds under time-variable aqueous concentrations
Authors: Becker Benjamin , Kochleus Christian , Spira Denise , Bachtin Julia , König Fabian , Meinecke Stefan , Möhlenkamp Christel , Booij Kees
Published: August 2024

Passive sampling is a crucial method for evaluating concentrations of hydrophilic organic compounds in the aquatic environment, but it is insufficiently understood to what extent passive samplers capture the intermittent emissions that frequently occur for this group of compounds. In the present study, silicone sheets and styrene-divinyl benzene-reversed phase sulfonated extraction disks with and without a polyethersulfone membrane were exposed under semi-field conditions in a 31 m3 flume at three different flow velocities. Natural processes and spiking/dilution measures caused aqueous concentrations to vary strongly with time. The data were analyzed using two analytical models that account for these time-variable concentrations: a sampling rate model and a diffusion model. The diffusion model generally gave a better fit of the data than the sampling rate model, but the difference in residual errors was quite small (median errors of 19 vs. 25% for silicone and 22 vs. 25% for SDB-RPS samplers). The sampling rate model was therefore adequate enough to evaluate the time-integrative capabilities of the samplers. Sampler performance was best for SDB-RPS samplers with a polyethersulfone membrane, despite the occurrence of lag times for some compounds (0.1 to 0.4 days). Sampling rates for this design also spanned a narrower range (80 to 110 mL/day) than SDB-RPS samplers without a membrane (100 to 660 mL/day). The effect of biofouling was similar for all compounds and was consistent with a biofouling layer thickness of 150 µm.
AC conductivity, dielectric and thermal properties of hybrid composite: bagasse cellulose carbon nanofibers composite
Authors: Ibrahim S. S. , Ommeish Qamar , Khairy Sherif A. , Ibrahim Mostafa A.
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the impact of incorporating carbon nanofibers (CNFs) into sugar cane cellulose at a high weight ratio (6 wt.%). Composite samples were prepared using a hot hydraulic press technique, and their thermal stability was analyzed through thermal gravitational analysis in a nitrogen environment. The results indicate that the cellulose-CNF composite exhibits a simplified single-stage decomposition compared to the more complex behavior observed in pure cellulose. FTIR analysis reveals the presence of –OH bonds, indicating enhanced hydrophilic properties in the composite. Dielectric spectroscopy, conducted over a frequency range of 100 Hz to 1 MHz, explores the effects of CNFs on the relaxation and conduction mechanisms at different temperatures. Parameters such as dielectric permittivity, AC conductivity, electrical modulus, and complex impedance were studied, incorporating Jonscher’s equation, and the Havriliak–Negami model. The interplay between interfacial charge and cellulose crystallinity emerged as a crucial factor in the observed dielectric behavior. Overall, this research provides insights into the thermal and dielectric properties of cellulose/CNF composites, offering potential applications in diverse fields.
Unlocking Power: Impact of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Biomass Wood Pellets on Energy Release and Carbon Emissions in Power Sector
Authors: Scott Charlene , Desamsetty Tejaswi Maneesh , Rahmanian Nejat
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the physical and mechanical properties of 12 biomass wood pellet samples utilised in a power generation, focusing on their implications for energy release and carbon emissions during combustion. Through comprehensive analysis involving bulk density measurements, compression tests, moisture analysis, calorimetry and controlled burning experiments, significant correlations among key properties are identified. Pellets with densities above 1100 kg/m3 demonstrate superior mechanical durability and strength, achieving maximum strengths of 0.6 to 0.8 kN with durability exceeding 99.4%. Optimal moisture content, typically between 6 and 7% is crucial for maximising density, bulk density, mechanical durability and fracture resistance, ensuring robust pellet structure and performance. The research underscores the impact of pellet dimensions, highlighting those longer lengths, > 12 mm enhance durability, while larger diameters > 8 mm exhibit reduced durability. Elemental analysis focusing on calcium, silicon and potassium plays a critical role in predicting and managing combustion system fouling, potentially reducing operational costs. Moreover, the study emphasises the significant influence of oxygen levels during combustion on CO2 emissions, achieving optimal results with moisture content in the 7–8% range for maximum higher heating value (HHV). The moisture content in the 14–15% range represents the lowest CO2 emission. The findings underscore the intricacy of the system and the interplay of parameters with one another. In accordance with the priority of each application, the selection of parameters warrants careful consideration.

Graphical Abstract
How to Harness the Power of GPT for Scientific Research: A Comprehensive Review of Methodologies, Applications, and Ethical Considerations
Authors: Park Ki-Seong , Choi Hongyoon
Published: August 2024

The rapid advancements in natural language processing, particularly with the development of Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) models, have opened up new avenues for researchers across various domains. This review article explores the potential of GPT as a research tool, focusing on the core functionalities, key features, and real-world applications of the GPT-4 model. We delve into the concept of prompt engineering, a crucial technique for effectively utilizing GPT, and provide guidelines for designing optimal prompts. Through case studies, we demonstrate how GPT can be applied at various stages of the research process, including literature review, data analysis, and manuscript preparation. The utilization of GPT is expected to enhance research efficiency, stimulate creative thinking, facilitate interdisciplinary collaboration, and increase the impact of research findings. However, it is essential to view GPT as a complementary tool rather than a substitute for human expertise, keeping in mind its limitations and ethical considerations. As GPT continues to evolve, researchers must develop a deep understanding of this technology and leverage its potential to advance their research endeavors while being mindful of its implications.
Transdermal fluocinolone acetonide loaded decorated hyalurosomes cellulose acetate/polycaprolactone nanofibers mitigated Freund’s adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats
Authors: ELhabal Sammar Fathy , El-Nabarawi Mohamed A. , Hassanin Soha Osama , Hassan Fatma E. , Abbas Samah S. , Gebril Sahar M. , Albash Rofida
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to develop a transdermal delivery system for fluocinolone acetonide (FLA), a corticosteroid used in treating inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), to overcome the limitations of oral administration, such as poor solubility and bioavailability.

Methods

FLA-loaded PEG decorated hyalurosomes (FLA-PHs) were fabricated using ethanol injection, incorporating various Brij® surfactants and different amounts of hyaluronic acid (HA) based on a full factorial design. The impact of independent variables, HA amount (mg) (X1) and Brij type (X2) were inspected for entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size (PS), and zeta potential (ZP). The optimum FLA-PHs were then incorporated into ε-polycaprolactone (PCL) and cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers to enhance sustained transdermal delivery (FLA-NFs).

Results

The optimum FLA-PHs exhibited EE% of 83.58 ± 0.69%, PS of 169.00 ± 1.41 nm, and ZP of -22.90 ± 0.14 mV. Morphological assessment of FLA-NFs showed promising results in terms of surface roughness. In a Freund-induced rat model of adjuvant-induced arthritis, transdermal treatment with FLA-NFs significantly improved joint histopathological analyses. Furthermore, it suppressed inflammatory markers such as mTORC1, TNF-α, and NF-κB while upregulating TRIM24 and the anti-inflammatory IL-10.

Conclusion

FLA-NFs present a promising strategy for enhancing the transdermal delivery of FLA for managing RA, offering potential improvements in efficacy and reduced systemic side effects compared to conventional oral administration.
Exploring the causal association between frailty index with the common types of arthritis: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Sun Weichu , Xiao Hui , Li Yayun
Published: August 2024

Background

Previous observational studies indicated a complex association between frailty and arthritis.

Aims

To investigate the genetic causal relationship between the frailty index and the risk of common arthritis.

Methods

We performed a large-scale Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess frailty index associations with the risk of common arthritis in the UK Biobank (UKB), and the FinnGen Biobank. Summary genome-wide association statistics for frailty, as defined by the frailty index, and common arthritis including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), psoriatic arthritis (PSA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The inverse-variance weight (IVW) method served as the primary MR analysis. Heterogeneity testing and sensitivity analysis were also conducted.

Results

Our results denoted a genetic association between the frailty index with an increased risk of OA, the odds ratio (OR)IVW in the UKB was 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.05; P = 0.007), and ORIVW was 1.55 (95% CI: 1.16–2.07; P = 0.003) in the FinnGen. For RA, the ORIVW from UKB and FinnGen were 1.03 (1.01–1.05, P = 0.006) and 4.57 (1.35–96.49; P = 0.025) respectively. For PSA, the frailty index was associated with PSA (ORIVW = 4.22 (1.21–14.67), P = 0.023) in FinnGen, not in UKB (P > 0.05). However, no association was found between frailty index and AS (P > 0.05). These results remained consistent across sensitivity assessments.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated a potential causal relationship that genetic predisposition to frailty index was associated with the risk of arthritis, especially RA, OA, and PSA, not but AS. Our findings enrich the existing body of knowledge on the subject matter.
Trattamento con le onde d’urto nella disfunzione erettile
Authors: Marinelli Lorenzo , Cagnina Serena , Bichiri Andreina , Castella Lorenzo , Ledda Francesca , Di Bisceglie Cataldo , Motta Giovanna
Published: August 2024

Sommario

Le onde d’urto a bassa intensità (LI-ESWT) emergono come un trattamento promettente per la disfunzione erettile (DE). Questa terapia non invasiva, che sfrutta l’utilizzo di onde acustiche, migliora il flusso sanguigno penieno con effetti positivi sulla funzionalità erettile. In letteratura sono emerse sempre maggiori evidenze rispetto all’efficacia delle LI-ESWT. I principali vantaggi di tale metodica includono la non invasività, i minimi effetti collaterali e la procedura eseguibile in setting ambulatoriale. Tuttavia, i costi della metodica, la necessità di sedute multiple e l’efficacia non garantita a tutte le classi di pazienti con DE rappresentano alcune limitazioni. Inoltre, sono ancora dubbi i benefici a lungo termine di tale terapia ed è ancora in fase di definizione un profilo chiaro dei pazienti che potrebbero trarne maggior vantaggio.
The Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation and Risks in Urban Rivers and Sediments of China’s Nine Major River Systems: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Yonglu , Chadwick Michael A.
Published: August 2024

The objective of this study is to analyze the spatial–temporal patterns, identify risk zones and explore the co-occurrence correlation of eight heavy metals (HMs) in urban rivers in nine river systems of China using a meta-analysis. A spatial–temporal analysis was conducted to analyze the variation trend of publications and HMs. Health risk and ecological risk assessment models were used to identify risk zones in river water and sediment, respectively. A co-occurrence network analysis was conducted to determine the co-occurrence correlation of HMs. The results demonstrated that cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and mercury (Hg) in river water in the Huaihe (region 5) and Haihe River systems were 20–40 times higher than the environmental quality standards; Hg, Cd, copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were heavily accumulated in sediments in the Songliao (region 1), Yellow River (region 3) and Southeast Drainage (region 9) systems. Cr in river water in region 5 posed carcinogenic risks to urban residents through ingestion and dermal contact, while Cd and Cu posed high ecological risks in the sediments in regions 1, 3, 5 and 9. Multiple HMs exhibited significant co-occurrence correlations. In river water, the average clustering coefficients among lead (Pb), Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr and nickel ranged from 0.51 to 0.76. In sediments, eight HMs exhibited even more significant correlations, ranging from 0.34 to 0.81 (p < 0.05). The coexistence and strong correlation of HMs in urban river systems may exacerbate their potential risks.