bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategic Feature Selection Techniques for E-Commerce Application and Data Protection in AI and ML
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Quraishi Mohammad Suleman , Chaudhary Vipin Kumar
Published: September 2024

E-commerce applications are widely used in shopping, money transfers, and other purposes. These applications store the user data to provide good results and recommend new products to the user. The user data saved on the server are critical and must provide proper security, safety, and availability. Any attack on these data may damage users' privacy. Machine learning can analyze and detect any attack on these data and applications. A machine learning model uses high-impact features to make a good model and effective prediction. Selecting the most critical data attributes is known as feature selection. Effective feature selection is a vital component in the process of developing a model with a high level of accuracy. This chapter explains the feature selection process and compares different feature selection techniques. This chapter analyzes filter-matched, wrapper-matched, and embedded methods and their variations. This chapter discussed the essential features concerning the security of e-commerce applications and e-commerce data.
Understanding the Role of Data Visualization in Modern Business Applications
Authors: Sabahath Asfia , Begum Arshiya , Aisha Maryum
Published: September 2024

In today's data-driven business landscape, the role of data visualization has become increasingly ‎significant. With the exponential growth of data, organizations face the challenge of extracting ‎meaningful insights and making informed decisions. This chapter explores the power of data ‎visualization in modern business applications and its impact on understanding, decision-‎making, and communication.‎ The chapter begins by highlighting the rise of data visualization as a powerful tool for ‎presenting complex information. However, with ‎the emergence of advanced technologies and visualization techniques, businesses can now ‎transform raw data into visually appealing and interactive representations.‎ The chapter also emphasizes the role of data visualization in facilitating decision-making ‎processes. Real-time, interactive visualizations provide decision-makers with a holistic view of ‎data, allowing them to explore different scenarios and evaluate potential outcomes. By ‎presenting data in a meaningful way, visualization tools enable quicker and more accurate ‎decision-making.‎
Advanced Data Visualization Methods for Predictive Analytics in Business
Authors: Goel Pawan Kumar
Published: September 2024

This chapter explores the role of advanced data visualization techniques in predictive analytics and business intelligence. It highlights the challenges businesses face when using data for strategic insights and predictive modeling, such as scalability constraints, integration issues with machine learning algorithms, and the need for user-friendly interfaces. The chapter also addresses the complexity of multidimensional data, limitations of traditional visualization tools, and the challenge of translating predictive models into actionable insights. The methodology combines interactive visualization techniques with machine learning algorithms to create dynamic data representations. The chapter concludes by discussing the importance of these techniques in data decision-making.
Optimizing Business Insights Data Visualization Applications in Sales Forecasting, Marketing Analytics, and Financial Reporting
Authors: Abdulla Aysha , Naim Arshi , Muniasamy Anandhavalli , Mohammed Arshiya Begum , Bilfaqih Syeda Meraj , Sabahath Asfiya
Published: September 2024

This study explores the application of data visualization in three critical business domains: sales forecasting, marketing analytics, and financial reporting. Through a qualitative approach, the study investigates how visualizing data in these areas enhances decision-making, improves operational efficiency, and drives business growth. Thematic analysis of interviews with industry professionals reveals key insights into the benefits and challenges of utilizing data visualization tools in sales, marketing, and finance. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of data visualization in optimizing business insights across diverse functional areas.
Assessing the Role of Digital Data Visualization Tools in the Advertising Industry for Informed Business Decision-Making
Authors: Lal Ruhi , Deb Nandini , Gogoi Deep Moni
Published: September 2024

This study examines how digital data visualization tools affect Indian advertising strategic decision-making. These technologies affect content generation, audience engagement, and income optimization, according to qualitative study and case studies of Zomato, Brand Y, and Brand Z. The main findings show that data visualization improves company initiatives. The cost of data visualization and the necessity for specialized expertise remain challenges. The study's focus on the Indian market provides unique insights into local customer behaviour. Further research could examine wider usage and durability.
Enhancing Business Applications in ENT Diseases Management Through Data Visualization
Authors: Khan Mohammad Ibrahim , Khan Mohammad Faiz , Gauthaman Shruthi Anandhavalli , Naim Arshi
Published: September 2024

This qualitative study investigates the impact of data visualization on business applications in the management of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) diseases. Through semi-structured interviews with ENT specialists, hospital administrators, and IT experts, the study explores the role of data visualization tools in enhancing operational efficiency, clinical decision-making, resource management, and patient engagement within ENT clinics. Preliminary analysis of interview data reveals that data visualization tools streamline clinic operations, improve diagnostic accuracy, optimize resource allocation, and empower patients to actively participate in their treatment plans. These findings underscore the significant potential of data visualization in transforming ENT clinics into more efficient and patient-centric healthcare settings. Further research is needed to delve deeper into the implementation strategies and long-term impacts of data visualization tools in ENT diseases management.
Enhancing Medical Sector Efficiency
Authors: Khan Mohammad Ibrahim , Khan Mohammad Faiz , Gauthaman Shruthi Anandhavalli , Naim Arshi
Published: September 2024

This case study examines the impact of data visualization tools on business applications in the medical sector, highlighting their role in improving operational efficiency and patient care. Using a mixed-methods approach, including interviews, surveys, and case analyses, the study evaluates the effectiveness of tools like Tableau, Power BI, and custom dashboards. Results show significant benefits, such as a 20% increase in operational efficiency and a 15% reduction in patient wait times, alongside enhanced patient flow management, diagnostic accuracy, and resource allocation. The findings underscore the transformative potential of data visualization tools in optimizing healthcare outcomes.
Investigating the Significance of Virtual Reality in Stimulating Improvement Within Supply Chains
Authors: Asim Zeeshan , Vasudevan Asokan , Waqas Umair , Al-Alwani Abdulkareem Bin Eid Salamah , Al Shams Ibrahim Rashid , Sorooshain Shahryar , Khan Shad Ahmad
Published: September 2024

Virtual reality (VR) technology is gaining traction for its cost-effectiveness and benefits, yet a comprehensive understanding of its applications in supply chain operations is essential. Despite its promise, VR adoption has been slower than expected due to functional and technological complexities. This research examines potential issues with VR technologies, explores operational roles across the value chain, and analyzes factors contributing to these challenges. The study uses data visualization from multiple studies to investigate VR's role in supply chain innovation and digitalization, focusing on five key aspects: functional deployment, technology infrastructure, security, regulations, and operating environments. The findings provide a foundation for future research aimed at understanding and addressing the operational challenges posed by VR technologies, paving the way for more effective integration in supply chain management.
Detection of Kidney Diseases
Authors: Almayyan Waheeda I. , AlGhannam Bareeq A.
Published: September 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a medical condition characterized by impaired kidney function, which leads to inadequate blood filtration. To reduce mortality rates, recent advancements in early diagnosis and treatment have been made. However, as diagnosis is time-consuming, an automated system is necessary. Researchers have been employing various machine learning approaches to analyze extensive and complex medical data, aiding clinicians in predicting CKD and enabling early intervention. Identifying the most crucial attributes for CKD diagnosis is this paper's primary objective. To address this gap, six nature-inspired algorithms and nine machine learning classifiers were compared to evaluate their combined effectiveness in detecting CKD. A benchmark CKD dataset from the UCI repository was utilized for this analysis. The proposed model outperforms other classifiers with a remarkable 99.5% accuracy rate; it also achieves a 58% reduction in feature dimensionality. By providing a reliable, cost-effective tool for early CKD detection, the authors aim to revolutionize patient care.
The therapeutic effect of PCSK9 inhibitors on dyslipidemia: one-year follow up
Authors: Moshkani Farahani Maryam , Nasiri Alireza , Salari Mahdi , Shamsedini Ali
Published: September 2024

Despite the availability of statins and lifestyle modifications, many patients with Dyslipidemia struggle to achieve optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) control. PCSK9 inhibitors offer a promising new therapeutic option with superior LDL-C lowering efficacy compared to statins. However, data on their real-world use, particularly in Iran, is limited. This study aims to address this gap by investigating the one-year effects of evolocumab on lipid profiles and potential cardiovascular outcomes in Iranian patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH).This single-center, prospective study evaluated evolocumab effectiveness in lowering LDL-C in 50 Iranian adults with FH. Participants with a documented LDL-C > 190 mg/dL on existing cholesterol medications (excluding PCSK9 inhibitors) and a clinical FH diagnosis was included. After baseline assessments (medical history, demographics, lipid profile), evolocumab was administered subcutaneously every two weeks for one year. Follow-up assessments at year one measured changes in LDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides. The study enrolled 50 participants with an average age of 55 years old (range 35-80 years).Treatment with evolocumab led to significant improvements in lipid profiles at all follow-up points compared to baseline. On average, LDL-C levels decreased by 105.24 mg/dL, triglycerides decreased by 59.20 mg/dL, and HDL-C levels increased by a modest but significant 4.5 mg/dL after one year(p<0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed no statistically significant interactions between baseline demographics (age, sex, BMI) or lifestyle habits (smoking, alcohol) and changes in lipid levels(p>0.05). However, a significant interaction emerged between baseline lipid levels and their corresponding reductions, suggesting greater improvement in patients with higher baseline values(p<0.05). It is noteworthy that no new cardiovascular events were reported during the study period. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of evolocumab in improving lipid profiles in Iranian patients with FH. The observed reductions in LDL-C and triglycerides, along with a modest increase in HDL-C, suggest potential benefits for cardiovascular risk reduction. The absence of new cardiovascular events during the study is encouraging, but further research with larger and longer-term follow-up is needed to confirm these findings and assess the long-term safety and impact on quality of life.
Artificial Light at Night and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Baek Jong-Ha , Zhu Yong , Jackson Chandra L. , Mark Park Yong-Moon
Published: September 2024

The widespread and pervasive use of artificial light at night (ALAN) in our modern 24-hour society has emerged as a substantial disruptor of natural circadian rhythms, potentially leading to a rise in unhealthy lifestyle-related behaviors (e.g., poor sleep; shift work). This phenomenon has been associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is a pressing global public health concern. However, to date, reviews summarizing associations between ALAN and T2DM have primarily focused on the limited characteristics of exposure (e.g., intensity) to ALAN. This literature review extends beyond prior reviews by consolidating recent studies from 2000 to 2024 regarding associations between both indoor and outdoor ALAN exposure and the incidence or prevalence of T2DM. We also described potential biological mechanisms through which ALAN modulates glucose metabolism. Furthermore, we outlined knowledge gaps and investigated how various ALAN characteristics beyond only light intensity (including light type, timing, duration, wavelength, and individual sensitivity) influence T2DM risk. Recognizing the detrimental impact of ALAN on sleep health and the behavioral correlates of physical activity and dietary patterns, we additionally summarized studies investigating the potential mediating role of each component in the relationship between ALAN and glucose metabolism. Lastly, we proposed implications of chronotherapies and chrononutrition for diabetes management in the context of ALAN exposure.
Benefit and Safety of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jeon Ja Young , Kim Dae Jung
Published: September 2024

People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and premature death than people without diabetes. Therefore, treatment of diabetes aims to reduce these complications. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have shown beneficial effects on cardiorenal and metabolic health beyond glucose control, making them a promising class of drugs for achieving the ultimate goals of diabetes treatment. However, despite their proven benefits, the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in eligible patients with T2DM remains suboptimal due to reports of adverse events. The use of SGLT2 inhibitors is particularly limited in older patients with T2DM because of the lack of treatment experience and insufficient long-term safety data. This article comprehensively reviews the risk-benefit profile of SGLT2 inhibitors in older patients with T2DM, drawing on data from prospective randomized controlled trials of cardiorenal outcomes, original studies, subgroup analyses across different age groups, and observational cohort studies.
Prevalence of burnout syndrome and its associated risk factors among middle and high school teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wessam Ahmad Khatab , Mariam O. O. A. Alshamsi , Dhoha M. A. S. Alsalmi , Imad A. A. M. Elkhalil , Ghaliah A. A. M. Alyaeesh , Amal Hussein , Adel Elmoselhi
Published: September 2024

Background:

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) maintains a steadfast commitment to exceptional education, which persisted throughout the challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. Initially conceived as a temporary solution, the transition to online instruction endured, potentially increasing the risk of burnout among educators. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of burnout syndrome and identify its associated risk factors among middle and high school teachers in the UAE amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study employed a self-administered online questionnaire disseminated to teachers via E-mail and various social media platforms. The target population comprised middle and high school educators. The evaluation tools included the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory and the World Health Organization Well-Being Index, with analyses conducted using SPSS 25.0.

Results:

Of the 388 participating teachers, 277 met the inclusion criteria. Most were female (66.4%), with 37.9% teaching at the high school level, 36.5% at the middle school level, and 25.6% covering both. Most participants resided in Sharjah (34%), followed by Abu Dhabi (26%) and Dubai (24%). High rates of work-related (73.6%) and personal (78.7%) burnout were evident among middle and high school teachers. Factors associated with increased burnout included female sex, income dissatisfaction, extended work hours, technological challenges, lack of exercise, and poor sleep quality.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of work-related and personal burnout among middle and high school teachers has been pronounced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Addressing this issue necessitates the implementation of guidelines and the provision of diverse resources aimed at mitigating burnout levels and enhancing online teaching proficiency.
Differentiation between nonobstructive azoospermia and obstructive azoospermia: then and now
Authors: Hubbard Logan , Rambhatla Amarnath , Colpi Giovanni M
Published: September 2024

Male infertility has seen an increase in prevalence with cases of azoospermia estimated to affect 10%–15% of infertile men. Confirmation of azoospermia subsequently necessitates an early causal differentiation between obstructive azoospermia (OA) and nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). Although less common when compared to NOA, OA can represent upward 20%–40% of cases of azoospermia. While there are a multitude of etiologies responsible for causing NOA and OA, correctly distinguishing between the two types of azoospermia has profound implications in managing the infertile male. This review represents an amalgamation of the current guidelines and literature which will supply the reproductive physician with a diagnostic armamentarium to properly distinguish between NOA and OA, therefore providing the best possible care to the infertile couple.
Effect of Supervised Yogic Intervention on Pain Status, Flexibility, and Corticomotor Excitability in Fibromyalgia Patients: A Unique Case Report
Authors: Kumar Aasheesh , Kumar Uma , Singh Akanksha , Yadav Rajkumar , Bhatia Renu
Published: September 2024

Fibromyalgia is an idiopathic chronic widespread pain syndrome marked with specified tender points. There is no permanent cure of the disease. A 50-year-old man and his 49-year-old wife suffered from widespread pain, morning stiffness, sleep problems, and fatigue with complaints of brain fogging and forgetfulness from the past 13 and 26 years, respectively. Blood examinations were negative for rheumatic diseases; they were diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Supervised yogic intervention was administered to the couple for 4 weeks and assessed pain, flexibility, and cortical excitability before and after the intervention. Pain was assessed both objectively using quantitative sensory testing and subjectively using questionnaires. Flexibility and range of motion were assessed using the sit and reach test, Schober’s test, and goniometry. Corticomotor excitability was recorded using transcranial magnetic stimulation figure of 8 coils. Reduction in pain on the numerical rating scale and descriptors’ score was observed after yoga. There was an elevation in pressure pain thresholds, specifically at the painful areas using a digital algometer. Flexibility parameters showed an improvement in both the cases. The resting motor threshold was reduced by 2% of the maximum stimulus output; other corticomotor excitability parameters also showed some changes indicating the beneficial effect of yoga. At least 4 weeks of regular and supervised yogic intervention can harness pain relief, flexibility, and range of motion and improve corticomotor excitability in fibromyalgia patients.
The Potentials of Yoga Nidra for Addressing Pediatric Behavioral Concerns: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Pandya Parth Rajesh
Published: September 2024

Pediatric behavioral concerns, encompassing anxiety, hyperactivity, and emotional dysregulation, pose significant challenges for children, families, and health-care professionals. Traditional interventions often rely on behavioral modification or medication, with varying degrees of success and potential side effects. In recent years, nonpharmacological approaches, particularly those grounded in mind–body practices, have gained traction. Yoga Nidra, a guided meditation technique rooted in yoga philosophy, offers a promising approach for promoting emotional well-being and positive behavioral change in children. This comprehensive review explores the potential of Yoga Nidra in addressing pediatric behavioral concerns. This review examined the potential mechanisms underlying Yoga Nidra's effects and existing research on its psychological impact, including stress reduction, emotional regulation, self-awareness, and sleep quality. Parallels were also drawn with hypnosis, another established mind-body technique. Finally, the research on Yoga Nidra’s effectiveness in specific behavioral issues was reviewed and advocated for further investigation as a noninvasive intervention for promoting positive child development.
Primary Cardiac Angiosarcoma Causing Right Atrium Rupture with Acute Massive Hemopericardium and Cardiac Tamponade: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Lin Yu-Ting , Yang Hsiang-Yu , Tsai Chien-Sung
Published: September 2024

Primary cardiac angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. This case report highlights the challenges in diagnosing and managing such tumors, especially when complicated by cardiac tamponade. We present the case of a 52-year-old male with primary cardiac angiosarcoma, initially presenting with cardiac tamponade, which led to the subsequent diagnosis of an aggressive tumor. Prompt recognition and interdisciplinary collaboration facilitated timely intervention, resulting in successful surgical resection and favorable short-term outcomes. However, the overall prognosis remains poor due to the aggressive nature of the disease. This case underscores the importance of early recognition, comprehensive diagnostic evaluation, and aggressive multimodal treatment strategies.
Exploring Artificial Intelligence Programs’ Understanding of Lens, Cataract, and Refractive Surgery Information
Authors: Sensoy Eyupcan , Citirik Mehmet
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE:

We aimed to evaluate the success of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), Bing, and Bard artificial intelligence programs, which were released free of charge by three different manufacturers, in correctly answering questions about lenses, cataract, and refractive surgery, and to investigate whether they are superior to each other.

METHODS:

Seventy questions related to lens, cataract, and refractive surgery were obtained from the study questions section of the American Academy of Ophthalmology 2022 to 2023 Basic and Clinical Science Course Lens and Cataract and Refractive Surgery Books. The questions were asked separately for the ChatGPT, Bing, and Bard artificial intelligence programs. The answers were compared with answer keys and grouped as correct or incorrect. The accuracy rates of artificial intelligence programs were compared statistically.

RESULTS:

ChatGPT, Bing, and Bard chatbots gave correct answers to 35 (50%), 43 (61.4%), and 50 (71.4%) questions asked, respectively. The rate of correct answers to the questions of the Bard artificial intelligence program was significantly higher than that of ChatGPT (P = 0.009, Pearson’s Chi-square test).

CONCLUSION:

Although the currently released artificial intelligence chatbots can be used to access accurate information about lenses, cataracts, and refractive surgery, one should always be careful about the accuracy of the answers given.
Bilateral Acute Iris Transillumination Following Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection
Authors: Albloushi Abdulrahman F. , Alabdi Ghada , Elmutawi Hend
Published: September 2024

Bilateral acute iris transillumination (BAIT) syndrome is an uncommon disorder marked by sudden dispersion of pigment in the anterior chamber, iris sphincter muscle paralysis, and elevated intraocular pressure. This syndrome has been linked to viral infections and the administration of fluoroquinolones such as moxifloxacin. This study presents a case of a 54-year-old male, otherwise in good health, who developed BAIT syndrome 1 week after experiencing an upper respiratory tract infection that followed a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis. The patient was effectively treated with topical prednisolone acetate and antiglaucoma medications. Further studies are required to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 and BAIT to enhance understanding of its pathophysiology.
Evaluation of the current status of ethics committees in India using the National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Health-care Providers, Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO), and Department of Health Research databases
Authors: Panda Trinath , Lala Prabodh Kumar , Manoharan Kaviya , Jinson Juanna , George Melvin
Published: September 2024

Purpose/Aim:

Ethics committees (ECs) have gained much importance since the introduction of the New Drugs and Clinical Trials Rules 2019. The committee report authored by Prof. Ranjit Roy Chaudhury suggested the need for accreditation of Institutional ECs. We aimed to enumerate the registered and accredited ECs across different geographical regions in India and to assess the adequacy of EC standard operating procedures (SOPs).

Materials and Methods:

Our study was conducted between August and October 2022. The registration status of ECs was obtained from the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) and Department of Health Research (DHR) websites. Information on accreditation status was obtained from the National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers (NABH) website. Registration data were categorized region-wise and available SOPs were collected from respective hospital websites and analyzed for adequacy.

Results:

We found that 1400 ECs in India were registered under CDSCO and 952 under DHR. Maharashtra had the largest number of registered ECs. Puducherry, Delhi, and Daman and Diu had the highest density of ECs. Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, and Jharkhand had the lowest. Only 299 ECs had their composition listed, and 111 had SOPs available on their websites. Most ECs lacked SOPs related to reviewing clinical trial agreements, compensation, and dealing with participant complaints.

Conclusion:

The advent of the New Drugs and Clinical Trials 2019 has created a definite impetus for increased responsibilities of ECs in India. Yet the registered ECs are not evenly distributed across the country. Moreover, it is disheartening to note that 90% of ECs in the country do not have NABH accreditation. Only a handful of ECs had SOPs posted on their websites.
Investigating the comparative superiority of artificial intelligence programs in assessing knowledge levels regarding ocular inflammation, uvea diseases, and treatment modalities
Authors: Sensoy Eyupcan , Citirik Mehmet
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE:

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the knowledge level of the Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT), Bard, and Bing artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots regarding ocular inflammation, uveal diseases, and treatment modalities, and to investigate their relative performance compared to one another.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Thirty-six questions related to ocular inflammation, uveal diseases, and treatment modalities were posed to the ChatGPT, Bard, and Bing AI chatbots, and both correct and incorrect responses were recorded. The accuracy rates were compared using the Chi-squared test.

RESULTS:

The ChatGPT provided correct answers to 52.8% of the questions, while Bard answered 38.9% correctly, and Bing answered 44.4% correctly. All three AI programs provided identical responses to 20 (55.6%) of the questions, with 45% of these responses being correct and 55% incorrect. No significant difference was observed between the correct and incorrect responses from the three AI chatbots (P = 0.654).

CONCLUSION:

AI chatbots should be developed to provide widespread access to accurate information about ocular inflammation, uveal diseases, and treatment modalities. Future research could explore ways to enhance the performance of these chatbots.
Application of artificial intelligence in glaucoma care: An updated review
Authors: Wu Jo-Hsuan , Lin Shan , Moghimi Sasan
Published: September 2024

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in ophthalmology has been increasingly explored in the past decade. Numerous studies have shown promising results supporting the utility of AI to improve the management of ophthalmic diseases, and glaucoma is of no exception. Glaucoma is an irreversible vision condition with insidious onset, complex pathophysiology, and chronic treatment. Since there remain various challenges in the clinical management of glaucoma, the potential role of AI in facilitating glaucoma care has garnered significant attention. In this study, we reviewed the relevant literature published in recent years that investigated the application of AI in glaucoma management. The main aspects of AI applications that will be discussed include glaucoma risk prediction, glaucoma detection and diagnosis, visual field estimation and pattern analysis, glaucoma progression detection, and other applications.
Big data and electronic health records for glaucoma research
Authors: Bernstein Isaac A. , Fernandez Karen S. , Stein Joshua D. , Pershing Suzann , Wang Sophia Y.
Published: September 2024

The digitization of health records through electronic health records (EHRs) has transformed the landscape of ophthalmic research, particularly in the study of glaucoma. EHRs offer a wealth of structured and unstructured data, allowing for comprehensive analyses of patient characteristics, treatment histories, and outcomes. This review comprehensively discusses different EHR data sources, their strengths, limitations, and applicability towards glaucoma research. Institutional EHR repositories provide detailed multimodal clinical data, enabling in-depth investigations into conditions such as glaucoma and facilitating the development of artificial intelligence applications. Multicenter initiatives such as the Sight Outcomes Research Collaborative and the Intelligent Research In Sight registry offer larger, more diverse datasets, enhancing the generalizability of findings and supporting large-scale studies on glaucoma epidemiology, treatment outcomes, and practice patterns. The All of Us Research Program, with a special emphasis on diversity and inclusivity, presents a unique opportunity for glaucoma research by including underrepresented populations and offering comprehensive health data even beyond the EHR. Challenges persist, such as data access restrictions and standardization issues, but may be addressed through continued collaborative efforts between researchers, institutions, and regulatory bodies. Standardized data formats and improved data linkage methods, especially for ophthalmic imaging and testing, would further enhance the utility of EHR datasets for ophthalmic research, ultimately advancing our understanding and treatment of glaucoma and other ocular diseases on a global scale.
Impact of body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio on mortality in middle-aged Koreans: a prospective cohort study based on a Health Examinees study
Authors: Cho Sooyoung , Shin Aesun , Choi Ji-Yeob , Lee Jong-Koo , Kang Daehee
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the impact of obesity on mortality in middle-aged Koreans using data from a Health Examinees study.METHODS: We used data from the participants who had complete information on body size and gave informed consent for the linkage of their data with the national death certificate data. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) for all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality.RESULTS: A total of 115,961 participants were included in the study. The results showed a U-shaped association between BMI and mortality, indicating that both males and females with BMIs of less than 21.0 kg/m2 and greater than or equal to 30.0 kg/m2 are at increased risk. The results showed that males with a BMI of less than 18.5 kg/m² had a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.24; 95% CI, 1.73 to 2.91) and cardiovascular mortality (aHR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.23 to 4.20). Similarly, males with a WHR of less than 0.80 (aHR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.77), 0.90 to less than 0.95 (aHR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.29), and greater than or equal to 0.95 (aHR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.47) showed an increased risk of all-cause mortality. In females, a BMI of less than 18.0 kg/m2 was linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (aHR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.13 to 6.33).CONCLUSIONS: Being underweight was associated with an increased risk of mortality in both sexes, and the lowest risk of death was found in males who were slightly overweight with a BMI of 23.0-25.0 kg/m2.
Epidemic characteristics of measles and efforts to control measles infections in Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: Yan Rui , Yang Mengya , He Hanqing , Feng Yan , Zhou Yang , Tang Xuewen , Deng Xuan , Zhu Yao , Du Yuxia , Chen Can , Kexin Cao , Yang Shigui ,   RIDPHE Group
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVES: Several countries have successfully eliminated measles, and China is making significant strides toward achieving this goal. This study focused on investigating the patterns of measles infections in Zhejiang Province, China, as well as control measures. The objective was to provide valuable insights that could contribute to the development of nationwide elimination strategies.METHODS: We analyzed measles surveillance data from 2005 to 2022 in Zhejiang Province. We utilized a joinpoint regression model to examine trends in measles. Additionally, we employed SaTScan version 9.5 to identify spatial-temporal clusters. Finally, we used an age-period-cohort model to assess the effects of age, period, and cohort.RESULTS: The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of measles infection in Zhejiang Province from 2005 to 2022 was 5.24 per 100,000, showing a consistent and significant downward trend with an annual percentage change of -24.93% (p<0.05). After 2020, the ASIR for measles infection fell to below 0.1 per 100,000. The majority of measles cases occurred in individuals either without an immunization history or with an unknown immunization status, representing 41.06% and 41.40% of the cases from 2010 to 2022, respectively. According to data from the National Measles Surveillance System, the annual rate of discarded measles cases from 2009 to 2014, and the annual rate of discarded measles and rubella cases from 2015 to 2022, were both above 2 per 100,000, indicating the high sensitivity of the measles surveillance system.CONCLUSIONS: The significant reduction in measles incidence from 2005 to 2022 demonstrates substantial progress in Zhejiang Province towards the elimination of measles.
Явные многосолитонные решения смешанного уравнения Чена-Ли-Лю, полученные с помощью задачи Римана-Гильберта
Authors: Zheng Yumin , Yang Yunqing , Zhang Yongshuai , Liu Wei
Published: September 2024

К смешанному уравнению Чена-Ли-Лю применен подход Римана-Гильберта. Найдены соответствующие решения Йоста и изучены их аналитические, асимптотические и симметрийные свойства. Сформулирована модифицированная задача Римана-Гильберта, удовлетворяющая условию нормировки. Найдены детерминантные представления многосолитонных решений, связанных с простыми полюсами задачи Римана-Гильберта. С помощью формулы Коши-Бине можно найти эти решения в явном виде. На основе этих явных формул получены одно- и двухсолитонное решения, а также показано, что столкновения $N$ солитонов являются упругими.
Калибровочное преобразование между трехкомпонентными иерархиями уравнения Кадомцева-Петвиашвили и модифицированного уравнения Кадомцева-Петвиашвили
Authors: Sun Lin , Li Chuanzhong , Chen Ming , Liu Wei
Published: September 2024

Исследуется калибровочное преобразование между трехкомпонентными иерархиями уравнения Кадомцева-Петвиашвили (КП) и модифицированного уравнения Кадомцева-Петвиашвили (мКП). Введено автопреобразование Беклунда трехкомпонентной иерархии КП, а также описано преобразование Миуры между трехкомпонентными иерархиями КП и мКП, т. е. $k=0\to k=1$. Представлено автопреобразование Беклунда трехкомпонентной иерархии мКП. Это создает основание для доказательства того, что калибровочное преобразование порождает преобразование Миуры и автопреобразование Беклунда над собственными функциями трехкомпонентных иерархий КП и мКП.
Chemicals Identification in The Ethyl Acetate Fraction and The Antioxidant Activity from Calabash Seed (Cresentia cujete) Extract
Authors: Gaspersz Nelson , Kapelle Imanuel B. D. , Hattu Nikmans , Sangadji Insun , Arpipi Henderika S. S.
Published: September 2024

Calabash (Crescentia cujete) is a plant that grows in tropical climates and is scattered and easily found in Indonesia. Calabash is also known to contain several secondary metabolite compounds that have the potential as an antioxidant. This research is purposed to identify phytochemical compounds in calabash fruit seed extract, identify compounds based on the result of LC-MS, and know the antioxidant activity of calabash fruit seeds. The samples were extracted using the maceration method, and then phytochemical screening, LC-MS tests, and antioxidant tests were continued using the DPPH method. This research showed that the ethanol extract of calabash seed positive contains saponin, flavonoids, and triterpenoid compounds. Ethyl acetate extract of calabash seed contains flavonoids, alkaloids, and triterpenoids. The n-hexane extracts positively contain tannins, alkaloids, and steroids. The values of antioxidant activity of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts were IC50 = 29.7883, 7.219, and 848.712 ppm (µg/ml), respectively. Ethyl acetate extract as the best antioxidant activity was then tested with LC-MS, and results obtained from 26 compounds with the composition of the largest % area is convolvidine (11.277%), coumaroylquinic acid (8.290%) and taxchinin G (8,233%). They showed that calabash fruit seed extract has very strong antioxidant activity, with the best activity being the ethyl acetate extract of calabash fruit seed.
Molecular Analysis of Cry1Ab-Cry1Ac Gene Fusion in Transgenic Sugarcane Resistant to Shoot Borer Scircophaga excerptalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Stem Borer Chilo sacchariphagus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Armita Dea , Meryandini Anja , Suharsono  , Koerniati Sri
Published: September 2024

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is a plant with high economic value because it can produce sugar. Shoot borer Scircophaga excerptalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and stem borer Chilo sacchariphagus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) attacks are one of the issues that limit sugarcane productivity. Establishing transgenic sugarcane is one of the most efficient ways to prevent borer damage. Previously, Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac genes were successfully used to create transgenic sugarcane plants. This study aimed to detect the presence of transgenes and analyze the expression level of the Cry1Ab-Cry1Ac gene fusion in transgenic sugarcane using RT-PCR. The methods used in this study are transgene detection with PCR and gene expression analysis in normalized expression (2-ΔΔCq) with RT-PCR. The Cry1Ab-Cry1Ac gene has been integrated into all lines with varied expression levels. In 311 GV and 333 GV lines, the Cry1Ab-Cry1Ac gene was expressed in the leaf but not in the stem. Shoot and stem borer attack percentage values showed that all lines were lower than the control, with 222 EH as the lowest and 311 GV as the highest. Leaf and stem borer attack levels were compared to gene expression values of Cry1Ab-Cry1Ac. Results may indicate that the 222 EH line was resistant, but the 311 GV and 333 GV lines were not.
Hortus medicus wrocławskiego lekarza, humanisty oraz kolekcjonera Laurentiusa Scholza (1552–1598) i jego padewskie parantele
Authors: Jagiełło Marzanna
Published: September 2024

The most famous garden in Wrocław, belonging to the doctor, humanist and collector Laurentius Scholz, has so far been described as divided functionally and formally into two, almost independent parts: a recreational and representative part (also serving as a place to pursue collecting passions and at the same time decorative) and a utilitarian part. – medicinal. The vast majority of flowering plants, especially rare ones at that time, were attributed to the former, while about 100 belonging to the group of herbs were attributed to the latter. Recent analyzes led to the conclusion that almost all (except seven of the total group of 240 species cultivated in Scholz’s garden) had medicinal properties. Therefore, the entire garden, also in its part perceived as flowery, served as hortus medicus. The research also confirmed numerous connections between the Wrocław site and one of the oldest botanical gardens in Europe – Hortus medicus Pataviani (i.e. the Botanical Garden in Padua).
Właściwości antyoksydacyjne wybranych produktów przetwarzania czosnku zwyczajnego (Allium sativum L.)
Authors: Gil Joanna , Rabiej Zuzanna
Published: September 2024

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a plant from the Allioideae subfamily belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family, and it is cultivated as a one or two-year bulbous plant. It is one of the most extensively researched medicinal herbs, widely used both in medicine and cuisine as a food ingredient and spice. Allium sativum has been present in the human diet since ancient times due to its medicinal properties. Traditionally, it has been used for various purposes, both orally and topically. Pharmacologically, it has antihyperlipidemic, antihypertensive, antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic, hepatoprotective, antiviral, immunomodulatory and hypoglycemic effects. These properties are associated with the high antioxidant activity of garlic and the presence of volatile sulfur compounds (alliin, allicin, diallyl disulfi de, ajoene, and many others), which are also responsible for the pungent taste of this vegetable. Garlic plays a signifi cant role in culture, especially in the context of culinary traditions. Nevertheless, as a result of various food processing methods, its therapeutic properties and antioxidant abilities undergo changes.
Uwieńczy skroń, oczyści krew, ochroni przed piorunem. O wawrzynie poetyckim, magicznym i skutecznym
Authors: Partyka Joanna
Published: September 2024

Laurel bay (Laurus nobilis) is a plant with a wide range of usage and interesting symbolism. It was Apollo’s favorite plant, and its leaves and stems were used to foretell the future. It was used to make sedative drops and aromatic oil. Bay leaves are considered, also in Polish cuisine, as an important spice, enhancing the taste of various dishes. From the Latin name of the shrub comes the names Laura, made famous by Petrarch, as well as Lawrence (Laurentius), and the Latin laureatus (from the act of crowning the winner in a competition with a laurel), exists in Polish as “laureate”, although laurel wreaths are no longer woven. Laurel has also been a literary and mythological hero, and figures in the repertoire of fixed phraseological compounds. The plant is therefore a multidisciplinary ‘phenomenon’ and will be treated as such here.
Jan Černý. Pierwszy medyk piszący po czesku. Biograficzno-historiograficzny przyczynek do badań dziejów myśli przyrodoznawczej i medycznej na obszarze Europy Środkowej
Authors: Wolski Piotr
Published: September 2024

This article presents information about the life and work of Jan Černy (circa 1450– circa 1530), who is considered the first physician to write medical texts in the Czech language. His biography is depicted against the backdrop of the era, which includes phenomena and events such as the decline of the Luxembourg dynasty’s rule in Bohemia and the Hussite Wars. This period was characterized by a vibrant economic and cultural development in the Kingdom of Bohemia, which the article connects to Černy’s medical activities. The detailed part of the text discusses the opus magnum of this writer, which is “Knie-ha lékarská, kteráž slove herbář aneb zelinář,” printed in Nuremberg in 1517, with particular focus on Černy’s method of describing medical matters and selected linguistic aspects of this work. Additionally, the article provides a brief comparison of Černy’s writings with those of Stefan Falimirz, highlighting potential similarities in the linguistic layer. The aim of the article is to acquaint the Polish audience with Jan Černy and emphasize his contributions to the development of pharmacobotanical lexicon in West Slavic languages, as well as outline preliminary issues for further research.
Adsorption of organic micropollutants in water: A review of advances in modelling, mechanisms, adsorbents, and their characteristics
Authors: Ogbeh Gabriel O. , Ogunlela Ayodele O. , Akinbile Christopher O. , Iwar Raphael T.
Published: September 2024

The presence of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in water resources poses significant environmental and health risks due to their bioaccumulative and toxic properties. Adsorption technologies offer a promising solution for removing OMPs from water, yet comprehensive information on their development and application is limited. This review examines recent advancements in OMP removal using adsorption technologies, focusing on isotherms, breakthroughs, and kinetics modelling in both batch and column adsorption systems. It explores the mechanisms and characteristics of various adsorbents, highlighting significant progress in synthesizing green, mineral, porous carbon, and nanomaterial adsorbents. These developments aim to enhance properties like surface area, pore structure, surface chemistry, and particle size to optimize OMP adsorption. Despite the existence of accurate models for OMP removal by porous carbons, there is a gap in models for other adsorbents and a research bias toward batch systems. This review underscores the need for more research, particularly in computational simulation, to develop and optimize suitable models for predicting the removal of different OMPs from water via adsorption technologies using novel adsorbents in continuous column adsorption systems, to enhance the practical application of adsorption technologies in drinking water purification.