bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utility of McGrath Video Laryngoscope in detecting unexpected Tracheal tube kinking
Authors: Mahar Abdullah Nisar , Faraz Shafiq
Published: June 2022

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.6582

How to cite this:Nisar A, Shafiq F. Utility of McGrath Video Laryngoscope in detecting unexpected Tracheal tube kinking. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.6582

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The effect of ICU diaries on the occurrence of impaired mental health and quality of life of ICU SARS-CoV-2 patients and their families: a protocol for an observational cohort study
Authors: Rutjes-Weurding Laura , Pouwels Sjaak , van Oers Jos , de Haas Mechteld , van Slobbe Christel , Ruitinga Renske , Oomen Margo , Ramnarain Dharmanand
Published: June 2022

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic puts patients and their relatives at risk of developing post-intensive care syndrome (PICS and PICS-family). The use of an intensive care unit (ICU) diary for these patients could help fill in memory gaps and complete their fragmented illness narrative.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of an ICU diary on the occurrence of impaired mental health in patients admitted with a SARS-CoV-2 infection and their relatives.

Methods: An observational cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 patients treated in the ICU of Elizabeth-Tweesteden Hospital (ETZ) in Tilburg, The Netherlands will be conducted. Adult patients admitted at the ICU because of respiratory insufficiency due to SARS-CoV-2, who are mechanically ventilated, are included. During treatment in the ICU a diary is kept of the patient. Anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, cognitive dysfunction and quality of life will be screened in patients and their relatives by using the psychosocial screening instrument for adult trauma patients (PSIT), the Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (CFQ) and the short-form health survey 36 (SF-36). The recollection of patients’ memory of the ICU stay will be evaluated by the ICU memory tool. The appreciation of the ICU diary will be assessed using a questionnaire.

Results: Participants’ characteristics including how they valued the diary, and their memory of ICU treatment will be reported. Multiple logistic regression analysis will be performed for analyzing the relation between mental health outcome and the use of ICU diaries. Change in PICS symptoms over time will be analyzed using longitudinal data analysis. Missing values in questionnaires will be analyzed using missing value analysis and multiple imputations at item level will be performed if necessary.

Conclusions: This study will contribute to the knowledge of mental health outcome in SARS-CoV-2 patients and the use of ICU diaries in this group.
El tlacuache y sus primos mexicanos
Authors: Albino Miranda Sergio , López-Tello Eva , González-Romero Alberto
Published: June 2022

Probablemente te has dado cuenta de que hay animales que son capaces de adaptarse a vivir cerca de los humanos ¡Los tlacuaches son un ejemplo de ello! Estos curiosos mamíferos se han mudado a la ciudad y a los bosques urbanos. Pero ¿sabías que, los tlacuaches no son los únicos marsupiales que habitan en México?
Entre jabalíes de labios blancos y puercos de monte en Calakmul
Authors: Briceño-Mendez Marcos , Montiel Salvador
Published: June 2022

Cuando uno piensa en jabalíes y puercos de monte, probablemente nos viene a la mente un grupo de animales de pelaje obscuro, bajitos y algo robustos, parecidos a los cerdos, que merodean entre la vegetación selvática, generalmente en busca de alimento.
The use of behaviourally-active medication in companion animals part 3
Authors: Warnes Caroline , Brown Emma , Durston Tamsin
Published: June 2022

Behaviour cases are common in general practice and veterinary nurses can play a vital role in their identification and management. Full behavioural assessment and implementation of a behaviour modification protocol remains essential, but increasingly animals may also be prescribed psychoactive medications. The third part of this article outlines some of the ways in which veterinary nurses can contribute to improving the behavioural welfare of the animals under their care. In addition to being behaviourally aware at all times when handling animals in the veterinary surgery, veterinary nurses can play an important role in identifying those cases that may benefit from additional behavioural support and, where appropriate, behaviourally-active medication. Knowing what to expect when animals are treated with these medications will also ensure that nurses can best support the owners of animals that are undergoing treatment.
Whither Peripheral Financialisation? Housing Finance in Croatia since the Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Mikuš Marek
Published: June 2022

This article analyses recent developments in Croatian housing finance to update the established account of housing finance and peripheral financialisation in Eastern Europe that is based on the boom-bust cycle of the 2000s and early-to-mid 2010s. During the bust stage of that cycle, changes in regulation and in the behaviour of debtors and creditors resulted in deleveraging and a shift away from the risky and exploitative lending practices characteristic of peripheral housing finance. However, new increases in household debt and housing prices since 2016–17, coupled with the COVID-19 pandemic, seem to have reversed these trends. While a boom-bust cycle of similar scope and modality to the first one is unlikely to be repeated, peripheral forms of housing finance have persisted to some degree.
Different Debtors, Different Struggles: Foreign-Currency Housing Loans and Class Tensions in Romania
Authors: Florea Ioana , Sandu-Dumitriu Mihail
Published: June 2022

Management of foreign-currency household debt in Romania in the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis in 2008 had the effect of deepening pre-2008 class disparities and treated debtor categories differently according to their income. In this article we contribute to the debate on subaltern financialisation by showing how post-crisis credit and housing policies contributed to the fact that today different debtor groups (i.e. by type of credit but also by time of lending) find themselves at opposing ends of the political spectrum based on different class alliances, with those who benefited from the crisis-management polices positioning themselves against those who were the ‘losers’ under these same policies.
Forex Mortgages and Housing Access in the Reconfiguration of Hungarian Politics after 2008
Authors: Gagyi Agnes
Published: June 2022

After a boom in foreign-currency denominated (forex) mortgage loans in the 2000s and the resulting debt crisis in 2008-2009, Hungary’s debt management came to be defined by a highly politicised combination of several phenomena: the existence of a large social base at risk of defaulting on their mortgages; the integration of debtors’ struggles into a shift from the post-socialist dominance of neoliberalism to a national conservative political hegemony during the crisis years; and the political foregrounding of forex debt management in the post-2010 Orbán governments’ construction of a new financial model as part of a post-neoliberal authoritarian capitalist regime. The article traces how two main aspects of the forex mortgage crisis, housing debt under dependent financialisation and the problem of limited housing access, became integrated into Hungary’s electoral politics and macroeconomic transformation in the last decade.
Terahertz antireflection coatings employing off-the-shelf adhesive tapes
Authors: Ahmed Akif , Braconnier Aimé , Gibbs Josh , Burgess Jacob A. J.
Published: June 2022

We demonstrate the feasibility of making antireflection coatings (ARCs) for terahertz (THz) light using multilayered polymer films from commercial adhesive tapes. Efficient and low-cost ARCs in the THz range are not conveniently available. Our economical approach can mitigate many of the experimental challenges posed by Fresnel reflection. Harnessing a time-domain THz spectrometer, we demonstrate the performance of several types of multilayer coatings on a variety of substrates. By varying layer stacking and thicknesses, spectral performance can be tuned and optimized for specific applications. Good agreement is found between experimental measurement and analytic calculations evaluating the performance of these multilayer tape ARCs.
Modulation of high-energy γ-rays by collision of an ultra-high-energy
electron with a tightly focused circularly polarized laser pulse
Authors: Chang Yifan , Zeng Zirui , Wang Chang , Long Zhaonan , Tian Youwei
Published: June 2022

Using an ultra-high-energy (

γ
⩾
1000

)
electron to collide with laser
pulses to generate high-energy

γ

-rays is an important way to treat
cancer. We investigate a method for modulating high-energy

γ

-rays with higher energy and more
collimation using tightly focused circularly polarized laser pulses
colliding with an ultra-high-energy electron. Theoretical derivation
and numerical simulation within the framework of classical
electrodynamics show that higher electron initial energy, stronger
laser intensity, and a longer pulse can generate higher

γ

-ray energy. The high-energy

γ

-rays generated by an electron with
higher initial energies are more collimated. The increase of the laser
intensity and the increase of the pulse width will increase the
angular range of the high-energy

γ

-rays. At the same time, the
phenomenon of the “jumping point,” in which the radiation energy
varies with the laser intensity, was found. Our findings have
important implications for modulating better high-energy

γ

-ray sources.
Method for improving the measurement accuracy of binocular stereo vision in a scattering environment
Authors: Liu Yuanhang , Zhang Jin , Hong Lu , Fu Yangwei , Xia Haojie , Zhang Rui
Published: June 2022

In the scattering environment, binocular stereo vision measurement technology produces large errors due to the change of refractive index of the imaging light path and the decrease in target image contrast. To address this problem, this paper proposes a method for improving the measurement accuracy of binocular stereo vision in a scattering environment combined with polarization imaging theory. First, scattering images with different polarization directions are obtained and filtered by a Gaussian low-pass filter to calculate the degree of polarization and angle of polarization. Then, the scattered light intensity is calculated by using polarization information to obtain images after removing the scattering. Second, feature extraction and matching are carried out for the images after scattering removal. Finally, the target is measured based on the binocular stereo vision measurement model. The experimental results show that when the scattering concentration is high enough, the conventional method can no longer perform measurement, but the method proposed in this paper can still obtain the target parameters at this time, and can also improve measurement accuracy by at least 46.30%. In conclusion, the proposed method provides a valuable reference to improve the accuracy of binocular stereo vision measurement in a scattering environment by reducing the interference of scattering light.
High-Resolution, High-Efficiency Spectrometers for Laboratory Sources in the Soft X-ray Range
Authors: Erko Alexei , Braig Christoph , Probst Jürgen , Krist Thomas , Seifert Christian
Published: June 2022

A series of new spectrometers for absorption and emission spectroscopy with compact laboratory sources in soft X-rays is presented. The design is based on reflection zone plates (RZPs) with a laminar profile on spherical substrates.
Rapid Generation of Simulated Laser Compton X-ray Beams while Preserving Angle-correlated Local Spectra
Authors: Effarah Haytham H. , Reutershan Trevor , Lagzda Agnese , Hwang Yoonwoo , Hartemann Fred V. , Barty C. P. J.
Published: June 2022

Spatially resolved Laser Compton X-ray spectra are computationally expensive to simulate and thus difficult to utilize in precision optimization tasks. Through discretized interpolation we report a reliable and efficient approach for rapid production of spectra.
Population inversion X-ray Laser Oscillator at LCLS
Authors: Halavanau A. , Fuller F. , Kroll T. , Lutman A. , Aquila A. , Decker F.-J. , Pellegrini C. , Welke N. , Ash R. , Bergmann U. , Benediktovitch A. , Rohringer N. , Krusic S. , Doyle M. , Manwani P. , Majernik N. , Rosenzweig J.
Published: June 2022

We present design and characteristics of a population inversion X-ray laser oscillator (XLO) at LCLS. We report on first experiments and future plans towards XLO demonstration. We also discuss necessary upgrades to LCLS for optimized XLO performance.
A coherent undulator source based on coherent synchrotron radiation from attosecond electron bunches produced by a laser-plasma accelerator
Authors: Brunetti Enrico , Kornaszewski Andrzej , Maitrallain Antoine , Sivanathan Kiruththika , Wiggins S. Mark , Jaroszynski Dino A. , van der Geer Bas , de Loos Marieke , Dewhurst Kay A. , Muratori Bruno D. , Owen Hywel L.
Published: June 2022

Here we present results of start-to-end particle-in-cell and GPT simulations of coherent synchrotron radiation in the visible and ultraviolet. The radiation is produced by laser-driven attosecond electron bunches travelling through an undulator.
Demonstration of Witness Sample Methods for NRF-based Detection, Assay, and Imaging of the Isotopic Contents of an Object with Quasi-mono-energetic Gamma-rays
Authors: Jentschel Michael , Albert Felicie , Buslaps Thomas , Friman-Gayer Udo , Honkimaki Veijo , Mertes Laura , Pollit Andrew J. , Mutti Paolo , Pietralla Norbert , Barty C. P. J.
Published: June 2022

A novel, witness-sample-based technique for detection of isotope-specific material signatures excited by quasi-mono-energetic gamma sources is presented. Proof of principle demonstrations involving the detection, assay, and imaging of 7Li are reviewed.
Cleaner than a Cleanroom: Using First Contact Polymers as a Path Towards Atomically Clean, Particle Free Surfaces for High Energy Laser and Compact EUV and X-ray Sources
Authors: Hamilton James P.
Published: June 2022

A family of peelable, residue-free Apply-Dry-Peel liquid polymer coatings that safely protect and clean surfaces were developed and tested by Lockheed, NASA, and Caltech/LIGO demonstrating atomic level cleanliness. Use in synchrotron optics should be feasible.
Conceptual design of a broadband laser edge-pumped Tm-based multipass amplifier
Authors: Cellamare Gianluca , Labate Luca , Baffigi Federica , Palla Daniele , Gizzi Leonida Antonio
Published: June 2022

We report on the conceptual design of a 2 μm, broadband laser multipass amplifier system based on Tm-doped gain medium, including an overview of the model established to optimize the performance of a diode edge-pumped high-power solid-state thin-disk configuration.
Study of Broadband Mid-infrared Optical Parametric Amplification in LiGaS2, LiGaSe2, LiInS2, and LiInSe2 Crystals
Authors: Zhou Lu , Novák Ondřej , Smrž Martin , Mocek Tomáš
Published: June 2022

Phase-matching characteristics and gain spectra of Li-based crystals in type-I arrangement were provided. The signal gain spectrum bandwidths from few hundreds of nanometers to few thousands of nanometers can be obtained.
Ho:YAG and Ho:YAP Microchip Lasers Operating at 2.1 µm
Authors: Šulc Jan , Kratochvíl Jan , Němec Michal , Jelínek Michal , Jelínková Helena , Nejezchleb Karel , Uxa Štěpan
Published: June 2022

Holmium-based microchip lasers (Ho:YAG, Ho:YAP “a” and “c”-cut) were tested under CW 1.94 µm Tm-fibre l aser l ongitudinal p umping. M ulti-watt diffraction-limited output with quantum-limited efficiencies was obtained at wavelengths 2119, 2123, and 2132 nm.
On-Chip Carrier-Envelope Phase Scanner
Authors: Hanus Václav , Fehér Beatrix , Pápa Zsuzsanna , Budai Judit , Paul Pallabi , Szeghalmi Adriana , Dombi Péter
Published: June 2022

We performed an on-air measurement of CEP spatial distribution of focused few-cycle laser oscillator beam. The on-chip probe exploits the CEP sensitivity of electric currents in dielectrics exposed to the strong field.
Laser-Induced Ultrafast Currents in Dielectrics Enhanced by Iridium Nanoparticles
Authors: Fehér Beatrix , Hanus Václav , Pápa Zsuzsanna , Budai Judit , Paul Pallabi , Szeghalmi Adriana , Dombi Péter
Published: June 2022

We investigate the possibilities of enhancement of CEP dependent currents in dielectrics. We observed an order of magnitude enhancement of current yield by regulating the concentration of iridium nanoparticles in Al2O3 composite systems.
A new electron acceleration facility using SG-II-petawatt laser system
Authors: Hafz Nasr A. M. , Liang Xiao , Yi Youjian , Li Song , Zhu Ping , Xie Xinglong , Zhu Jianqiang
Published: June 2022

We present a new LWFA instrument at SG-II PW laser facility, which employs f/23 focusing. The setup also adapted interferometric plasma density probing. By focusing 1-PW, 30-fs laser pulses to a 230 μm spot size in a plasma of 3−4×1018 cm-3, the laser intensity reached a mild-relativistic level of 2.6×1018 W/cm2 and electron beams are generated, yet several improvements are planned.
Chirp dependence of EUV generation in MgO using few cycle mid-IR pulses
Authors: Kowalczyk K. , Matthews M.
Published: June 2022

We study chirp and intensity dependence of High Harmonic Generation(HHG) from MgO crystal using few cycle midIR pulses. We observe spectral drifts in the harmonic emission with changing chirp in contrast to the intensity dependent behaviour.
Globally Optimized Monochromator for Coherent Diffractive Imaging with Tunable EUV Wavelength
Authors: Li Kui , Popmintchev Dimitar , Li Ruixuan , Zhang Guangyin , Ma Yongjun , Ke Changjun , Ma Yunfeng , Zeng Zhinan , Yun Chenxia , Tao Chenyu , Popmintchev Tenio , Fan Zhongwei , Li Jie , Zhang Xiaoshi
Published: June 2022

We demonstrate a dual-optic imaging-spectrometer for high harmonic generation sources, ideal for coherent diffractive imaging in a tunable monochromatic mode. Our optimization combines record-high efficiency, high spectral resolution, low aberrations, broad spectral coverage, and polarization-maintaining.
1-fs-level Passive Pump-seed-pulse Synchronization in White Light Seeded OPCPA
Authors: Hülsenbusch Thomas , Eichner Timo , Dirkwinkel Julian , Lang Tino , Winkelmann Lutz , Palmer Guido , Maier Andreas R.
Published: June 2022

We present measurements on the timing stability of a white light seeded, two stage OPCPA intended as seed for laser plasma acceleration drive lasers. A 1 fs rms timing jitter was observed over 66 hours.
High Harmonic Generation Inside Thin-Disk Laser Oscillators – An Efficient and Single-Stage XUV Source
Authors: Fischer Julian , Drs Jakub , Labaye François , Modsching Norbert , Müller Michael , Wittwer Valentin J. , Südmeyer Thomas
Published: June 2022

We develop and implement a coated grazing-incidence-plate for broadband and efficient XUV-out-coupling of intra-cavity generated high-harmonics. Moreover, we power-scale our thin-disk laser and reach with 2-GW the highest intra-cavity peak-power of any ultrafast laser oscillator.
Laser ion acceleration from tailored solid targets with micron-scale channels
Authors: Lezhnin K.V. , Bulanov S.V.
Published: June 2022

Using particle-in-cell simulations and theoretical estimates, we show the possibility of generating GeV protons from the interaction of multi-petawatt laser pulse with a structured target containing a micron-scale channel filled with relativistically transparent plasma.
Thin-disk Multipass Amplifier for 100 mJ Class, Multi-kW High Intensity Lasers
Authors: Dominik Johanna , Jaksic Jasna , Ertel Klaus , Dannecker Benjamin , Scharun Michael , Nagel Simon , Klingebiel Sandro , Vogel Tim , Saraceno Clara , Metzger Thomas , Bauer Dominik
Published: June 2022

We present a thin-disk multipass amplifier as a power-scaling architecture for ultrafast ps and fs lasers. The system is industrially stable and supports burst functionality. Only minimal CPA is needed.
Comparison of AgGaS2 and AgGaSe2 for Long Wavelength Upconversion
Authors: Pedersen Rasmus L. , Tidemand-Lichtenberg Peter , Pedersen Christian
Published: June 2022

AgGaS2 and AgGaSe2 are tested side by side for infrared upconversion detection in the 5-20 µm range, under similar experimental conditions. We discuss the two crystals with regard to upconversion efficiency, sensitivity and spectral range.
Quantum cascade laser femtosecond pulses for supercontinuum generation
Authors: Täschler Philipp , Betrand Mathieu , Schneider Barbara , Kapsalidis Filippos , Franckié Martin , Beck Mattias , Faist Jérôme
Published: June 2022

In this work, we demonstrate the generation of 630 fs, 4.5 W pulses from a mid-infrared quantum cascade laser by gain modulation induced spectral broadening and external pulse compression. Such sources open new pathways for broadband supercontinuum generation in the mid-infrared.
Compact fiber-based mid-infrared frequency comb sources
Authors: Krzempek Karol , Tomaszewska-Rolla Dorota , Głuszek Aleksander , Hudzikowski Arkadiusz , Krakowski Mikołaj , Hjältén Adrian , Germann Matthias , Foltynowicz Aleksandra , Soboń Grzegorz
Published: June 2022

We report the development of compact, stabilized fiber-based mid-infrared frequency comb sources covering the 7–9 μm and 3.1–3.4 μm spectral ranges. Both sources enable high-precision Fourier-transform spectroscopy of greenhouse gases.
Enhanced comb operation of Quantum Cascade Lasers with a microstrip-like geometry
Authors: Kapsalidis Filippos , Schneider Barbara , Bertrand Mathieu , Singleton Matthew , Beck Mattias , Faist Jérôme
Published: June 2022

In this work, we assessed the response and and prospects of controlling the QCL comb state when the source laser geometry has been optimized for external microwave modulation.
Spatiotemporal modeling of direct acceleration with high-field terahertz pulses
Authors: Tibai Zoltán , Turnár Szabolcs , Tóth György , Hebling János , Jolly Spencer W.
Published: June 2022

We present an improved model for electron acceleration in vacuum with high-energy THz pulses that includes spatiotemporal effects. In our calculations, we examined the acceleration with 300 GHz and 3.0 THz central frequency THz pulses with properties corresponding to common sources, and compared the Gaussian and Poisson spectral amplitudes and the associated time profiles of the electric fields. Our calculation takes into account both the longitudinal field and the spatio-spectral evolution around the focus. These aspects of the model are necessary due to the tight focusing and the duration towards a single-cycle of the THz pulses, respectively. The carrier-to-envelope phase (CEP) and the tilting angle of the coincident few- or single-cycle THz pulses must be tuned in all cases in order to optimize the acceleration scheme. We reveal additionally that electron beams with different final energies and different divergences can be generated based on simulated THz pulses having different Porras factors, describing the frequency dependence of the spatiotemporal amplitude profile, which may depend strongly on the method used to generate the single-cycle THz pulses.
Demonstration of a bi-directionally tunable arrayed waveguide grating with ultra-low thermal power using S-shaped architecture and parallel-circuit configuration
Authors: Chung Kuo-Fang , Fu Po-Han , Shih Yuan-Ting , Chiu Hua-Kung , Shih Tien-Tsorng , Huang Ding-Wei
Published: June 2022

A thermally bi-directionally tunable arrayed waveguide grating (TBDTAWG) is proposed and demonstrated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The device is composed of passive and active designs for realizations of an AWG and fine tuning of its filtering responses. Given that the required length difference between adjacent arrayed waveguides for the SOI platform is considerably short (∼3–5 µm) due to a high index contrast, an S-shaped architecture with a larger footprint instead of a rectangular one is employed in the AWG. Bi-directionally tunable functions, i.e., both red- and blue-shift tunable functions, can be achieved by using two triangular thermal-tuning regions with complementary phase distributions in the S-shaped architecture despite using only materials with positive thermo-optic coefficients, i.e., Si and SiO2. Measurement results illustrate that both red- or blue-shifted spectra can be achieved and a linear bi-directional shift-to-power ratio of ±30.5 nm/W as well as a wide tuning range of 8 nm can be obtained under an electrical voltage range of 0–2.5 V, showing an agreement between the measurement results and two-dimensional simulation results. This also shows the potential of the proposed TBDTAWG for automatically stabilizing the spectral responses of AWG-based (de)multiplexers for coarse or dense wavelength division multiplexing communication systems by using a feedback control circuit.
Local–flexible coupling optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy with enhanced sensitivity
Authors: Li Dongfang , Tao Chao , Hu Zizhong , Zhang Zhengyu , Liu Xiaojun
Published: June 2022

An acoustic coupling scheme largely determines the performance of optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM), including practicability, sensitivity, and stability. In this study, we propose OR-PAM based on a local–flexible acoustic coupling scheme, which includes a well-designed combiner connecting a set of circulating systems. The combiner integrates an objective lens and an ultrasonic transducer, controls the water level, restricts the flow rate, and drains bubbles. The circulating system provides sustained and steady flowing water. The flowing water constrained in the combiner and the circulating system forms a flexible and stable local contact between the sample and the transducer. Phantom experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can maintain high optical resolution but improve the detection sensitivity by approximately 1.9 times in comparison to dry coupling. In vivo imaging experiments of the mouse eyeground are conducted to examine the practicability of the proposed system in biomedicine. Moreover, in vivo experiments show that OR-PAM based on local–flexible coupling can reveal more details of eyeground microvasculatures, benefiting from its enhanced sensitivity. These merits promise that OR-PAM based on local–flexible coupling may have broad applications in biomedical fields.
Reconfigurable scan lens based on an actively controlled optical phased array
Authors: Kuo Sheng-I , Wang Ju-Wei , Ahmad Zohauddin , Fu Po-Han , Lin Hsin-Hung , Shi Jin-Wei , Huang Ding-Wei , Chang You-Chia
Published: June 2022

Integrated photonics provides a path for miniaturization of an optical system to a compact chip scale and offers reconfigurability by the integration of active components. Here we report a chip-scale reconfigurable scan lens based on an optical phased array, consisting of 30 actively controlled elements on the InP integrated photonic platform. By configuring the phase shifters, we show scanning of a nearly diffraction-limited focused spot with a full width at half maximum spot size down to 2.7 µm at the wavelength of 1550 nm. We demonstrate the key functions needed for a laser-scanning microscope, including light focusing, collection, and steering. We also perform confocal measurements to detect reflection at selective depths.
Dual chirped-pulse electro-optical frequency comb method for simultaneous molecular spectroscopy and dynamics studies: formic acid in the terahertz region
Authors: Stroud Jasper R. , Plusquellic David F.
Published: June 2022

An electro-optic dual-comb system based on chirped-pulse waveforms is used to simultaneously acquire temporally magnified rapid passage signals and normal spectral line shapes from the back-transformation to the time domain. Multi-heterodyne terahertz (THz) wave generation and detection is performed with the difference frequency mixing of two free-running lasers. The method is used to obtain THz spectra of formic acid in the 10 cm-1 to 20 cm-1 (300 GHz–600 GHz) region over a range of pressures. The method is widely applicable across other spectral regions for investigations of the transient dynamics and spectroscopy of molecular systems.
Robust and adaptable quantum key distribution network without trusted nodes
Authors: Fan-Yuan Guan-Jie , Lu Feng-Yu , Wang Shuang , Yin Zhen-Qiang , He De-Yong , Chen Wei , Zhou Zheng , Wang Ze-Hao , Teng Jun , Guo Guang-Can , Han Zheng-Fu
Published: June 2022

Quantum key distribution (QKD) networks are promising to serve large numbers of users with information-theoretic secure communication. In QKD networks, the detection-safe protocol, termed measurement-device-independent (MDI) QKD, can naturally enhance realistic security by supporting untrusted measurement nodes. However, the environmental disturbances to quantum states degrade the performance of multi-user communication. Here we propose an MDI-QKD networking scheme with robustness against environmental disturbance and adaptability to multi-user access, where more than two users can generate keys simultaneously regardless of aligning reference frames and compensating channel disturbance on polarization. To achieve this, we introduce the reference-frame-independent protocol as well as a polarization-compensation-free method, design a multi-user measurement unit, and combine it with original two-user units. The scheme is experimentally demonstrated for the improvement of network robustness and adaptability in multi-user scenarios, and the time and device costs of disturbance compensation can be saved from

O
(
N
)

to

O
(
1
)

for an N-user network.
Biomass residues improve soil chemical and biological properties reestablishing native species in an exposed subsoil in Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Soto Boni Thaís , Pujol Pereira Engil Isadora , Avelino Santos Adriana , Rodrigues Cassiolato Ana Maria , Maltoni Kátia Luciene
Published: June 2022

Revegetation of exposed sub-soil, while a desirable strategy in the recovery processes, often fails due to extreme soil chemical properties, such as low organic matter and pH levels inhospitable to biological activities such as nutrients cycling and plant establishment. This is the case for approximately 800 ha of the Cerrado biome in Brazil, where erecting the embankment of a hydroelectric dam in the 1960’s stripped vegetation, soil, and subsoil layers thereby distorting the soil properties. This work evaluates the effectiveness of restoration management (RM) treatments, to restore the soil quality, including biological activity and chemical attributes. In a factorial scheme, RM treatments include the addition of organic residue from aquatic macrophytes (AM) at 3 rates (0, 16 and 32 t ha-1), combined with ash from sugar cane bagasse of agroindustrial origin (BA) at 4 rates (0, 15, 30 and 45 t ha-1). RM samples contrasted samples collected from undisturbed Cerrado (CER) as well as a degraded area without intervention (DAWI). The mechanized RM plots received amendments and reforestation of 10 Cerrado native tree species. After 5 years, vegetation covered up to 60% of the surface in RM treatments receiving AM32 + BA45. AM and BA residues promoted height increases in the introduced plants. All RM treatments promoted lower levels of Al3+ than DAWI and CER. The combination of AM32 over the rates of incorporated ash increased soil pH and K values similarly to CER. Microbial-related variables, such as microbial biomass-C was the largest in CER, followed by the RM treatments, and the lowest in DAWI. The microbial quotient was no different between CER and RM treatments. The addition of residues such as AM and BA increased the vegetation covered, improved chemical and microbiological indicators. Thus, the residues used aided the recovery process of intensely degraded soils in the Cerrado area.
IL-2, IL-6 and chitinase 3-like 2 might predict early relapse activity in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Petržalka Marko , Meluzínová Eva , Libertínová Jana , Mojžišová Hana , Hanzalová Jitka , Ročková Petra , Elišák Martin , Kmetonyová Silvia , Šanda Jan , Sobek Ondřej , Marusič Petr
Published: June 2022

Background

The possibility to better predict the severity of the disease in a patient newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis would allow the treatment strategy to be personalized and lead to better clinical outcomes. Prognostic biomarkers are highly needed.

Objective

To assess the prognostic value of intrathecal IgM synthesis, cerebrospinal fluid and serum IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, chitinase 3-like 2 and neurofilament heavy chains obtained early after the onset of the disease.

Methods

58 patients after the first manifestation of multiple sclerosis were included. After the initial diagnostic assessment including serum and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, all patients initiated therapy with either glatiramer acetate, teriflunomide, or interferon beta. To assess the evolution of the disease, we followed the patients clinically and with MRI for two years.

Results

The IL-2:IL-6 ratio (both in cerebrospinal fluid) <0.48 (p = 0.0028), IL-2 in cerebrospinal fluid ≥1.23pg/ml (p = 0.026), and chitinase 3-like 2 in cerebrospinal fluid ≥7900pg/ml (p = 0.033), as well as baseline EDSS ≥1.5 (p = 0.0481) and age <22 (p = 0.0312), proved to be independent markers associated with shorter relapse free intervals.

Conclusion

The IL-2:IL-6 ratio, IL-2, and chitinase 3-like 2 (all in cerebrospinal fluid) might be of value as prognostic biomarkers in early phases of multiple sclerosis.
Recombinant vesicular stomatitis vaccine against Nipah virus has a favorable safety profile: Model for assessment of live vaccines with neurotropic potential
Authors: Monath Thomas P. , Nichols Richard , Tussey Lynda , Scappaticci Kelly , Pullano Thaddeus G. , Whiteman Mary D. , Vasilakis Nikos , Rossi Shannan L. , Campos Rafael Kroon , Azar Sasha R. , Spratt Heidi M. , Seaton Brent L. , Archambault W. Tad , Costecalde Yanina V. , Moore Evan H. , Hawks Roger J. , Fusco Joan
Published: June 2022

Nipah virus (NiV) disease is a bat-borne zoonosis responsible for outbreaks with high lethality and is a priority for vaccine development. With funding from the Coalition of Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), we are developing a chimeric vaccine (PHV02) composed of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) expressing the envelope glycoproteins of both Ebola virus (EBOV) and NiV. The EBOV glycoprotein (GP) mediates fusion and viral entry and the NiV attachment glycoprotein (G) is a ligand for cell receptors, and stimulates neutralizing antibody, the putative mediator of protection against NiV. PHV02 is identical in construction to the registered Ebola vaccine (Ervebo) with the addition of the NiV G gene. NiV ephrin B2 and B3 receptors are expressed on neural cells and the wild-type NiV is neurotropic and causes encephalitis in affected patients. It was therefore important to assess whether the NiV G alters tropism of the rVSV vector and serves as a virulence factor. PHV02 was fully attenuated in adult hamsters inoculated by the intramuscular (IM) route, whereas parental wild-type VSV was 100% lethal. Two rodent models (mice, hamsters) were infected by the intracerebral (IC) route with graded doses of PHV02. Comparator active controls in various experiments included rVSV-EBOV (representative of Ebola vaccine) and yellow fever (YF) 17DD commercial vaccine. These studies showed PHV02 to be more neurovirulent than both rVSV-EBOV and YF 17DD in infant animals. PHV02 was lethal for adult hamsters inoculated IC but not for adult mice. In contrast YF 17DD retained virulence for adult mice inoculated IC but was not virulent for adult hamsters. Because of the inconsistency of neurovirulence patterns in the rodent models, a monkey neurovirulence test (MNVT) was performed, using YF 17DD as the active comparator because it has a well-established profile of quantifiable microscopic changes in brain centers and a known reporting rate of neurotropic adverse events in humans. In the MNVT PHV02 was significantly less neurovirulent than the YF 17DD vaccine reference control, indicating that the vaccine will have an acceptable safety profile for humans. The findings are important because they illustrate the complexities of phenotypic assessment of novel viral vectors with tissue tropisms determined by transgenic proteins, and because it is unprecedented to use a heterologous comparator virus (YF vaccine) in a regulatory-enabling study. This approach may have value in future studies of other novel viral vectors.
PHEV infection: A promising model of betacoronavirus-associated neurological and olfactory dysfunction
Authors: Shi Junchao , Li Zi , Zhang Jing , Xu Rongyi , Lan Yungang , Guan Jiyu , Gao Rui , Wang Zhenzhen , Lu Huijun , Xu Baofeng , Zhao Kui , Gao Feng , He Wenqi
Published: June 2022

Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) is a highly neurotropic coronavirus belonging to the genus Betacoronavirus. Similar to pathogenic coronaviruses to which humans are susceptible, such as SARS-CoV-2, PHEV is transmitted primarily through respiratory droplets and close contact, entering the central nervous system (CNS) from the peripheral nerves at the site of initial infection. However, the neuroinvasion route of PHEV are poorly understood. Here, we found that BALB/c mice are susceptible to intranasal PHEV infection and showed distinct neurological manifestations. The behavioral study and histopathological examination revealed that PHEV attacks neurons in the CNS and causes significant smell and taste dysfunction in mice. By tracking neuroinvasion, we identified that PHEV invades the CNS via the olfactory nerve and trigeminal nerve located in the nasal cavity, and olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) were susceptible to viral infection. Immunofluorescence staining and ultrastructural observations revealed that viral materials traveling along axons, suggesting axonal transport may engage in rapid viral transmission in the CNS. Moreover, viral replication in the olfactory system and CNS is associated with inflammatory and immune responses, tissue disorganization and dysfunction. Overall, we proposed that PHEV may serve as a potential prototype for elucidating the pathogenesis of coronavirus-associated neurological complications and olfactory and taste disorders.
Alexander Wilson: Heart and Mind
Authors: Greyson John , Andrews Stephen
Published: June 2022

An interview with artists Stephen Andrews and John Greyson about the life and work of Alexander Wilson (1953-1993) in the context of the Toronto queer milieu, beginning with his time with the collectives The Body Politic and Border Crossings.
Light Your Name
Authors: Lewandowski Ian , Coleman Jack
Published: June 2022

Introduction to Ian Lewandowski’s interviews with Tim Smith and Gil Sanders about the queer dance club The Saint, the role it played for the queer community throughout the AIDS crisis, and how the ephemera they’ve saved speaks to that history.
Robert Flack
Authors: Garnet Carla , Earnest Jarrett
Published: June 2022

An interview between Carla Garnet and Jarrett Earnest about the artist Robert Flack.
Catherine Murphy and Robert Gober
Authors: Halvorson Josephine
Published: June 2022

An exhibition review of Catherine Murphy, Recent Work at Peter Freeman, Inc. and Robert Gober, “Shut Up.” “No. You shut up.” at Matthew Marks Gallery, New York.
This Book Will Break Your Heart: Between Certain Death and a Possible Future and What AIDS Teaches
Authors: Bader Schem
Published: June 2022

This is a book review for Between Certain Death and a Possible Future, an anthology exploring writing on AIDS/HIV
Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine herpesvirus 1 in dairy herds of Colombia
Authors: Ortiz-González Aura Daniela , Buitrago H. Alexander Lopez , Bulla-Castañeda Diana María , Lancheros-Buitrago D. Johana , Garcia-Corredor Diego Jose , Díaz-Anaya Adriana Maria , Tobón-Torreglosa Julio Cesar , Ortiz-Ortega Diego , Pulido-Medellín Martín Orlando
Published: June 2022

Background and Aim: Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is an infectious disease widely distributed globally and is considered the main cause of various reproductive and respiratory tract diseases in cattle and buffaloes. This study aimed to estimate seroprevalence and determine risk factors associated with the presentation of IBR in the municipality of Sotaquirá, Boyacá (Colombia). Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with simple random sampling was performed, and the sample size was 1,000 cattle. Blood samples were obtained by coccygeal venipuncture and processed through indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the Synbiotics® kit (Zoetis, New Jersey, USA) with a sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 98%, respectively. Data were processed using the statistical program EpiInfo® (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, Georgia). Results: A high seroprevalence of 57.5% was established. Seroprevalence was the highest in cattle >4 years of age (65.0% apparent seroprevalence [AS]; 67% true seroprevalence [TS]) and in the Holstein breed (65.5% AS; 67.8% TS). The breed and age of the animals were significantly associated with each other. The Holstein breed, age group >4 years, uncertified semen, and fetal death were established as risk factors for IBR. In comparison, the age groups of <1 and 1–2 years and the Normande breed were established as protective factors against the bovine herpesvirus-1 virus. Conclusion: Management factors, such as livestock from other owners and animal purchases, which affect disease presentation, are evident. The implementation and development of novel prevention and control measures for IBR at the national level are necessary.
O DIREITO AO ABASTECIMENTO NACIONAL E A DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE COMBUSTÍVEIS
Authors: Tavares André
Published: June 2022

Contextualização: O artigo assume a premissa de que a rede nacional de distribuição e abastecimento de combustíveis é essencial ao modelo de política econômica e de desenvolvimento brasileiro.

Objetivo: Dessa forma, o texto busca estabelecer os parâmetros constitucionais do direito fundamental ao abastecimento nacional.

Metodologia: Para tanto, utiliza-se da metodologia de revisão bibliográﬁca, contextualizada ao desenvolvimento, na acepção adotada pela Constituição de 1988, e analisa o ordenamento vigente sobre distribuição de combustíveis derivados de petróleo e biocombustíveis no país, como base de concretização do direito ao abastecimento nacional.

Resultado: Infere-se, da pesquisa realizada, que a Constituição brasileira de 1988 reconhece expressamente o desenvolvimento nacional como um objetivo fundamental da República Federativa (art. 3º) que se harmoniza com a disciplina da Ordem Econômica brasileira (art. 170), na qual se identiﬁ ca, de forma implícita, o direito fundamental ao abastecimento.
The Aboriginal gap in online active vaccine safety surveillance
Authors:   Hunter New England Population Health, Cashman Patrick , Munnoch Sally-Anne ,   Hunter New England Population Health, Clark Katrina ,   University of Sydney, Allan Natalie ,   Hunter New England Population Health, Clarke Stephen ,   Flexis Systems, Macartney Kristine ,   University of Sydney, Durrheim David ,   Hunter New England Population Health
Published: June 2022

Objectives: To investigate if Aboriginal people are equally included in new forms of vaccine safety post-marketing surveillance that support safety signal detection and confidence in the vaccine program by comparing the use of Vaxtracker active adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) surveillance between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal parents of vaccinated children. Methods: In 2016, automated AEFI surveillance was conducted to monitor seasonal influenza vaccine in children aged 18 months to less than 5 years and for DTPa vaccine after the inclusion of a new dose at 18 months of age. To explore reasons for non-response, Aboriginal Immunisation Officers contacted the parents/carers of 24 (48.0%) Aboriginal children and 31 (26.7%) non-Aboriginal children who did not respond to the online survey. Results: There were differential response rates for both vaccines between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal enrolees; 56.4% vs 76.8% (p=0.005) and 55.1% vs 78.2% (p Conclusion: New systems of vaccine safety surveillance may not adequately include Aboriginal people. Implications: Vaccine safety surveillance systems need to be designed to ensure high levels of participation and response from Aboriginal people.
Medical decision making using knowledge of patient identification as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander: what do medical students think?
Authors:   Australian National University, Knight Winnifred , Platow Michael ,   Australian National University, Grace Diana , Tye Oliver , Styles Jess
Published: June 2022

Objective Best-practices guidelines require Australian health practitioners to ask all patients “are you [is the person] of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin?”. The present study investigated medical student attitudes regarding medical decisions made after asking this standard status question. Methods A hypothetical interaction between a doctor and an Aboriginal patient was presented in a pen-and-paper questionnaire in which: (1) the doctor considered (or did not consider) the patient’s Indigenous status relevant to make a medical diagnosis, and (2) the doctor registered (or did not register) the patient for the Closing the Gap PBS co-payment. Participants were first- and second-year medical students at the Australian National University who evaluated the doctor’s decisions against 20 attributes characterising professionalism and prejudice. Results Students evaluated the doctor more favourably when the doctor registered the patient for the co-payment and when the doctor did not consider Indigenous status relevant to making a medical diagnosis. Conclusions Encouragingly, medical students recognise that withholding registration for the co-payment is unprofessional. At the same time, medical students clearly do not think medical diagnoses should be made using the knowledge a patient identifies as Aboriginal. Implications With the continual development of policy and guidelines (and the prospect of diagnostic guidelines) to improve Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health, students and practitioners must understand how to use this knowledge of a patient’s status to benefit health outcomes.