bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Бухгалтерський облік зносу обладнання для майнингу
Authors: Макурін А. А.
Published: September 2021

У статті досліджено процес видобутку криптовалюти. Визначено основні фактори, що впливають на функціонування обладнання для майнингу та кількість отриманих цифрових валют на прикладі монети біткоїн. Запропоновано структурно-логічну схему процесу видобутку криптовалюти. Запропоновано поняття «цифровий знос», яке відображає реальні втрати техніко-економічних характеристик «асіка» (applicationspecific integrated circuit). Наведено залежність отриманого доходу від потужності обладнання та встановлено планові амортизаційні відрахування. Наведено порівняння цих розрахунків з онлайн-ресурсами для визначення планових доходів від видобутку цифрової валюти – монети біткоїн.
Screening of Mungbean Accessions Under Salinity Stress
Authors: Sarkar Moushree , Kundagrami Sabyasachi
Published: September 2021

Experiments were conducted to identify suitable agro-morphological indicators of salinity tolerance and to classify fifty mungbean accessions into different salt tolerant groups by screening under different NaCl solution in pot culture in green house condition for two growing seasons. Results reveled that the early growth phase of mungbean is highly affected due to salinity and the interrelationship between salinity and accessions was also statistically significant for yield parameters under different levels of salinity stress. Salt tolerant accessions were less affected at high salinity and could be produced better total dry matter as compared to others. On the basis of relative total dry matter (RTDM%), accessions were categorized as highly tolerant, moderately susceptible and highly susceptible. G4 was found to be the best tolerant line after considering both the seasons and all the tested parameters. Correlation study suggested that germination was least affected while seedling length, pod and seed yield severely fractured due to salinity. These desirable parameters may take part in future breeding programme as salinity indicators and also by getting introduced into the susceptible lines, whereas, the tolerant accessions can be introduced as tolerant checks.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 475-482, 2021 (September)
Effects of Organic Manures and Green Manuring on Growth, Yield, Economics and Quality of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Flexuosus L.) In Custard Apple (Annona Squamosa L.) Based Agri-Horti System
Authors: Massey Anjali , Meena RN , Meena Ashvin Kumar
Published: September 2021

A field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of organic manures and green manuring practices on growth, yield attributes, quality and economics of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus L.) under custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) based agri-horti system. The findings indicated that growth, yield attributes and yield as well as oil composition, soil nutrient status, microbial populations were significantly increased due to the use of both organic manures and green manuring. The significantly higher results were obtained with vermicompost (2.5 t/ha) + Azotobacter, which was found superior over other practices in terms of growth, yield attributes, oil composition and its quality and soil nutrient status as well as economics of crop cultivation.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 499-506, 2021 (September)
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of a Malaysian Medicinal Plant Anisophyllea Disticha (Jack) Baill. And Quantification of Its Phenolic Constituents
Authors: Abdul Bari Nurul Ashikin , Ferdosh Sahena , Sarker Md Zaidul Islam
Published: September 2021

The ethanolic extracts of different parts of Anisophyllea disticha were tested for antimicrobial capability using disc diffusion assay. The result revealed positive growth inhibitory activity, but was considered weak for all extracts against Gram positive bacteria. Leaf extract displayed the highest zone of inhibition with values of 10.67 ± 0.58 and 8.67 ± 0.58 mm against Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus, respectively. On the other hand, stem showed the highest amount of total phenolic content (TPC) (27.73 ± 4.10 mg GAE/g extract) and similar trend was also observed in antioxidant potential in terms of DPPH radical scavenging activity (66.20 ± 11.74%) and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) (203.63 ± 16.03 mg Fe(II)/g extract). High positive correlation was found between TPC and antioxidant activities, suggesting that phenolic compounds contribute to the antioxidant power of plant extracts. HPLC analysis identified and quantified gallic acid, p-coumaric, ferulic acid and quercetin in the extracts.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 515-521, 2021 (September)
Characteristics of Surface Runoff for Four Vegetation Types in Small Watershed of Nver Zhai in West Hunan, China
Authors: Luo Jia , Liu Yongqiang , Yi Xuan , Tian Yuxin , Zhou Xiaoling , Chen Longsheng
Published: September 2021

Characteristics of the surface runoff of four vegetation types in the small watershed of Nver Zhai, Wuling Mountain Area, West Hunan were studied. Results indicated that, from June 10, 2015 to September 10, 2016 the precipitation recorded was up to 1971.80 mm, and there occurred 83 rainfalls during the period of investigation. With the increase in the rainfall, the surface runoff gradually increased, among which the Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. plantation showed significantly high runoff. When the rainfall gradually increased to 30 mm, the surface runoff was highest for the sloping farmland. Under an intense rainfall >50 mm, there was a significant augmentation in the surface runoff of the four types of forest lands, indicating that the soil water content began to reach to saturation. Furthermore, the total runoff of the different types of vegetation, the runoff depth and the runoff coefficient were in the order of: E. ulmoides plantation > Pinus massoniana Lamb. forest > Sloping farmland > maple- Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl. mixed plantation. Additionally, under the same rainfall, there was a reduction in the runoff with an increase in the evaporation, and the total runoff of maple- C. camphora mixed plantation was the lowest.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 603-611, 2021 (September)
In Vitro Qualitative Phytochemical Screening, Tlc-Bioautography and Spot Screening of Bistorta Amplexicaulis (D.DON) Greene Extracts
Authors: Shafique Irsa , Andleeb Saiqa , Ali Shaukat , Mustafa Rozina Ghulam , Naseer Anum
Published: September 2021

The biological activities of Bistorta amplexicaulis (D.Don) Greene rhizome and leaves extracts were evaluated. In vitro antibacterial activity, direct bioautography, and spot screening of TLC developed bands were investigated against seven bacterial pathogens. Screening of phytochemical constituents was also done through both qualitative and thin layer chromatographic methods. DMSO extracts of rhizome indicated high sensitivity (12.33 ± 1.52 and 11.33 ± 0.57 mm) against Escherichia coli. Whereas methanolic and acetonic extracts of rhizome indicated significant inhibition (11.66 ± 1.15 and 11.33 ± 0.57 mm) of S. marcesscens. All leaf extracts revealed low sensitivity against E. coli. TLC-bioautography and spot screening methods showed the significant use of B. amplexicaulis as an antibacterial agent. Antioxidant activity indicated that acetone and DMSO extracts of rhizome and methanolic leaf extract have maximum scavenging potential. Among the screened phytochemicals, terpenoids, phenols, and quinones were detected in all extracts indicating the potential use of B. amplexicaulis as both antibacterial and antioxidant agents.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 613-622, 2021 (September)
Effects of Plant Age, Topography and Processing System On the Biochemical Traits and Quality of Tea
Authors: Hossain Md Sakib , Uddin Rayhan , Barua Pranti , Md Yasin - , Al Mamun Mohammad Shameem , Hoque Md Mozammel
Published: September 2021

Laboratory experiment was conducted to study the biochemical and quality parameters of tea i.e. Polyphenol, Theaflavin (TF), Thearubigin (TR), Caffeine, Lipid, Total ash, Chlorophyll, Moisture content etc. under different variables designed for age, topography, and processing system imposed on an established tea orchard. Results revealed that plant age and topography do not have any significant effect on most of the studied parameters. In case of plant age, tannin is found to be significantly higher in mature tea plant (39.35 ppm) whereas young plant showed significantly lower total sugar content (28.98 ppm). In case of land elevation, significantly higher tannin (37.41 ppm) and lower carotenoid content (0.74 mg/g) were evident in plants from kunchi topography where flat topography showed significantly higher total sugar (26.62 ppm) in leaves. The handmade tea flavoured with significantly higher amount of polyphenol (58.57 ppm) and caffein (43.30 ppm) but industry made tea showed significantly higher amount of tannin (37.65 ppm), total sugar (15.25 ppm) and TF:TR (1:10).
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 633-639, 2021 (September)
Effects of Par on Plant Spacing in Relation to Yield Efficiency in Peach
Authors: Sharma Yamini , Singh Harminder
Published: September 2021

Effects of PAR in relation with plant spacing in peach cultivar ‘Shan-i-Punjab’ during the year 2013-14 and 2014-15 were evaluated. The trees were trained to 4 different training systems and each system consisted of 2 spacings viz., 5 × 3 m and 5 × 2 m. Daily PAR was recorded at morning, midday and evening and it was found that irrespective of planting distance maximum light interception was recorded at midday hours. Plants spaced at 5 × 3m received more light inside the canopy during full day which directly influenced number of fruits per tree, number of picking, fruiting density, yield efficiency, relative pattern of fruit maturity whereas, fruit yield per hectare was maximum in 5 × 2 m.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 701-707, 2021 (September)
The ATHENA COVID-19 Study: Cohort profile and first findings for people diagnosed with COVID-19 in Queensland, 1 January to 31 December 2020
Authors: Welsh Jennifer , Korda Rosemary J , Paige Ellie , Morgan Mark A , Law Hsei-Di , Stanton Tony , Bourne Zoltan MJ , Tolosa M Ximena , Greaves Kim ,   The ATHENA (Australians Together Health Initiative) COVID-19 Project Team
Published: September 2021

Background: To date, there are limited Australian data on characteristics of people diagnosed with COVID-19 and on how these characteristics relate to outcomes. The ATHENA COVID-19 Study was established to describe health outcomes and investigate predictors of outcomes for all people diagnosed with COVID-19 in Queensland by linking COVID-19 notification, hospital, general practice and death registry data. This paper reports on the establishment and first findings for the ATHENA COVID-19 Study.

Methods: Part 1 of the ATHENA COVID-19 Study used Notifiable Conditions System data from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020, linked to: Emergency Department Collection data for the same period; Queensland Health Admitted Patient Data Collections (from 1 January 2010 to 30 January 2021); and Deaths Registrations data (from 1 January 2020 to 17 January 2021).

Results: To 31 December 2020, a total of 1,254 people had been diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Queensland: half were female (49.8%); two-thirds (67.7%) were aged 20–59 years; and there was an over-representation of people living in less-disadvantaged areas. More than half of people diagnosed (57.6%) presented to an ED; 21.2% were admitted to hospital as an inpatient (median length of stay 11 days); 1.4% were admitted to an intensive care unit (82.4% of these required ventilation); and there were six deaths. Analysis of factors associated with these outcomes was limited due to small case numbers: people living in less-disadvantaged areas had a lower risk of being admitted to hospital (test for trend, p < 0.001), while those living in more remote areas were less likely than people living in major cities to present to an ED (test for trend: p=0.007), which may reflect differential health care access rather than health outcomes per se. Increasing age (test for trend, p < 0.001) and being a current/recent smoker (age-sex-adjusted relative risk: 1.61; 95% confidence interval: 1.00, 2.61) were associated with a higher risk of being admitted to hospital.

Conclusion: Despite uncertainty in our estimates due to small numbers, our findings are consistent with what is known about COVID-19. Our findings reinforce the value of linking multiple data sources to enhance reporting of outcomes for people diagnosed with COVID-19 and provide a platform for longer term follow-up.
Presa in carico infermieristica nella Malattia Renale Cronica
Authors: Zito Maria Pia , Toschi Roberta
Published: September 2021

n 2017, thanks to an initiative of IPASVI College (the Order of Nursing Professionals of the province of Bologna) in response to 2014 legislations referring to the Guidelines about Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), nephrology professionals and members of EDTNA/ERCA Italian Branch Association (which in 2018 became Società Infermieri Area Nefrologica, SIAN) in 2021 were requested to contribute to define the role and skills performed by nurses on a daily basis.
The management of the CKD patient has been structured into 7 phases: the model for each phase takes into consideration the professionals involved, the care settings and the tools used.
To support this approach, we decided to introduce two elements which broaden the clinical and care approach to the patient and at the same time highlight the contribution of nursing professionals, with a referring workflow for the CKD patient, the nurses’ role and skills required throughout the patient’s journey.
Furthermore, to ensure the best continuity of care, we believe that it is necessary to apply a logical model based on the principles of early recognition of health and welfare needs; guarantee the most appropriate healthcare response; ensure early care; standardize the procedures of professionals to improve the quality of life of the patient and manage the social and economic impact.
Précis: Emotions: The Basics
Authors: Brady Michael
Published: September 2021

Emotion: The Basics is an introductory text about the nature and value of emotion, and highlights the very many ways in which emotions can be good for us: epistemically, deliberatively, socially, morally, and aesthetically. It proposes a pluralist account of what emotions are, and includes both an overview of current literature on emotion, and original proposals about emotion’s importance.
Emotions: Theories and Moral Values
Authors: Ben-Ze'ev Aaron
Published: September 2021

This excellent book offers a clearly articulated and convincing perspective on basic disputes in the philosophy of emotions. Although it deals with complex issues, it presents them in an engaging manner. This commentary focuses on two major issues: emotional components and theories; and the role of emotions in morality. I will not discuss the many issues concerning Brady’s view which I fully embrace, but rather focus on two major issues: emotional components and theories; and the role of emotions in morality. I argue that Brady’s classification of emotional components and emotional theories are problematic. I also basically agree with Brady’s view on the role of emotions in morality; but, following Spinoza, I further develop this view.
Replies to Ben-Ze’ev, Starkey, Reyes Càrdenas, Bloomfield, LaGuardia-LoBianco, and Mendonça
Authors: Brady Michael
Published: September 2021

In this section, I respond to all six of my commentators. I acknowledge a number of areas where the book could be improved—not least in terms of the categorisation of theories of emotion; the emphasis on the positive value of emotion as opposed to emotion’s negative aspects; and the need to consider how emotions function in a broader range of circumstances. Alongside this, I welcome the defences of the perceptual model and new perspectives on the relations between emotion and virtue that a number of commentators present.
Captive breeding and the conservation of the threatened houbara bustards
Authors: Dolman PM , Burnside RJ , Scotland KM , Collar NJ
Published: September 2021

Translocation of captive-bred individuals to reinforce wild populations may be an important conservation approach for some species, but can be detrimental when employed to boost exploited wild populations, particularly where repeated long-term reinforcement aims to compensate for repeated unregulated offtake. We review evidence that captive breeding alters multiple physiological, life-history and temperamental traits through founder effects, genetic drift and unintended adaption to captivity; degrades learnt behaviours; and compromises biogeography, population structure and viability through introgression. We highlight these risks for the globally threatened African houbara Chlamydotis undulata and Asian houbara C. macqueenii, 2 bustard species hunted throughout much of their ranges and now subject to multiple large-scale captive-breeding programmes and translocations. In eastern Morocco, annual releases of captive-bred African houbara are 2‒3 times higher than original wild numbers, but no investigation of their potentially deleterious effects has, to our knowledge, been published, although most wild populations may now have been replaced by captive-bred domestic stock, which are reportedly not self-sustaining. Despite multiple decades of reinforcement, we are not aware of any analysis of the contribution of captive breeding to African houbara population dynamics, or of the genomic consequences. Asian houbara release programmes may also be promoting rather than preventing declines, and need to contextualise themselves through rigorous analyses of wild population numbers, demographic rates and threats, maintenance of phylogeographic concordance of released with supplemented populations, profiling of traits crucial to survival and the measurement and modelling of the impacts of reinforcement on physiological and behavioural fitness of wild populations.
Propagule establishment and seedling growth in a shifting mangrove population: performance in novel tidal conditions
Authors: Grogan SV , Bell SS
Published: September 2021

Survival and establishment of mangrove propagules at tidal elevations beyond the landward margin of their distribution underlie continued existence of mangroves in response to sea-level rise. Yet few studies have empirically examined mangrove performance at higher intertidal positions (novel sites) into which mangroves disperse. We compared propagule establishment and seedling growth at 2 intertidal elevations for black mangroves Avicennia germinans displaying landward expansion. Propagule survival, establishment success, and growth rate of seedlings were monitored for 158 d during a reciprocal transplant experiment targeting 2 tidal elevations: one within the current niche of the mangrove population (LOW) and one representing marginal habitat where mangroves have begun migration upland (MID). We introduced propagules to 4 treatments: (1) originating (site of parent tree) at LOW, stranding at MID; (2) originating at MID, stranding at LOW; (3) and (4) stranding and originating at the same position (MID or LOW). Resident and transplant propagules of MID origin were 22 times more likely to die during the first 33 d than propagules of LOW origin. Resident and transplant propagules in MID positions were 6.5 times more likely to die over the first 33 d than individuals in LOW positions. After seedling establishment, no mortality was observed in LOW or MID positions. Thus, environmental conditions of novel intertidal areas into which black mangroves migrate had a greater deleterious impact on propagules than on seedlings. Identifying processes underlying success of mangroves introduced into novel environments, such as those operating as sea level rises, will require increased attention to the fate of propagules.
Effect of nitric oxide release from NOR-3 on urea synthesis, viability and oxygen consumption of rat hepatocyte cultures
Authors: Chimenti R , Martino G , Mazzulla S , Sesti S
Published: September 2021

As nitric oxide is considered a mediator of liver oxidative metabolism during sepsis, we studied the effects of exogenous nitric oxide, produced by NO-donor, (+/-)-(E)-4-ethyl-2-[(E)-hydroxyimino]-5-nitro-3-hexenamide (NOR-3), on cell viability, urea biosynthesis and oxygen consumption in rat hepatocyte cultures. Nitric oxide release from NOR-3 was studied using 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate. Urea levels were measured by the spectrophotometric method. Cell viability was determined by the MTT test and trypan blue exclusion test, whereas oxygen consumption was measured by a polarographic technique. After 2 h treatment, NOR-3 induced an increase in the levels of nitric oxide. After 2 h of treatment and 24 h after the end of the treatment with NOR-3, both cell viability and urea synthesis were significantly reduced in comparison to the controls for NOR-3 concentrations equal to or greater than 50 microM. A reduction in oxygen consumption was observed in hepatocytes after 40 min treatment with 100 microM NOR-3, even if the cell viability was unchanged. Reduction of oxygen consumption is an early indicator of the metabolic alterations in hepatocytes exposed to nitric oxide. These findings suggest that nitric oxide accumulation acts on hepatocyte cultures inducing cell death and reduction of urea synthesis after 2 hours.
On Not Being an Author: De Quincey's ‘Confessions’ and the Performance of Romantic Translatorship
Authors: de Groote Brecht
Published: September 2021

Through his ‘Confessions of an English Opium-Eater’, Thomas De Quincey effects a meticulously crafted entrance onto the literary scene: less a series of confidential notes than a stage-managed performance, the ‘Confessions’ serve as a stage on which he announces his literary ambitions. One such set of performative acts has received little attention: it pertains less to establishing a ground from which to authoritatively create, than it does to laying down a structure through which to mediate. Acting on recent developments within literary criticism and translation studies, this article examines the ways in which the ‘Confessions’ launch their writer on a career in interlingual and intercultural transfer, and how this performance of minority is designed to operate alongside other Romantic writers. The article ponders the successes and failures of mediation on display in emblematic scenes, and attends to how these chart the uneasy relationship between authorship and translatorship.
‘To mask, by slight differences in the manner, a virtual identity in the substance’: Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique and De Quincey's ‘Confessions of an English Opium-Eater’
Authors: Loranger Dennis , Milligan Barry
Published: September 2021

De Quincey's ‘Confessions of an English Opium-Eater’ (1821) and Berlioz's Symphonie Fantastique (1830) both take an unusual form in which seemingly digressive wanderings coalesce around an obsessively repeated motif: in both cases, an idealized young woman whose evasive near-presence is continually suggested through minimally varied repetitions of formal elements the artist associates with her. Although others have noted similarities between the two works – chiefly that both foreground a young artist-protagonist's opium visions – the works' structural parallels have been little discussed. This essay argues that an analysis of the commonalities between these strikingly similar formal innovations supplements previous arguments in significant ways, illuminating the oeuvres of both Berlioz and De Quincey as well as aspects of Romantic formal experimentation in general.
Creativity and Receptivity in De Quincey's 1821 ‘Confessions’ and Baudelaire's 1860 Adaptation
Authors: Covelo Roxanne
Published: September 2021

The 1821 ‘Confessions’ is an oft-cited example of the Romantic association between creativity and drug use. However, upon closer inspection, De Quincey's memoir appears less concerned with questions of creativity than with questions of receptivity and interpretation. This sets him apart from otherwise similar authors of addiction with whom he is frequently conflated: from Coleridge, naturally, but also from Baudelaire, whose 1860 Les Paradis artificiels, ostensibly a translation of De Quincey's work, diverges considerably from its source material. Baudelaire, a poet, uses De Quincey as a starting point to investigate the effects of drug use on the poetic imagination. But De Quincey himself is less interested in the effects of opium on creativity than its effects on memory and the intellect. Differently from Les Paradis artificiels, his memoir is concerned from beginning to end with the capacity of the opium-eater to feel, to analyse, and to interpret – and not necessarily to create.
‘Two faces, each of a confused countenance’: Coleridge, De Quincey, and Contests of Authority
Authors: Morrison Robert
Published: September 2021

Thomas De Quincey exploits his rivalry with Samuel Taylor Coleridge to structure many of the key features of his most famous work, ‘Confessions of an English Opium-Eater’ (1821). De Quincey's idolization of Coleridge began early and survived the anger and disappointment he felt after the collapse of their friendship and his discovery of Coleridge's intellectual duplicity. In ‘Confessions’, De Quincey's accounts of himself as a scholar of Greek literature, Ricardian economics, and Kantean philosophy are all galvanized by his knowledge that Coleridge too has worked in these areas. As opium addicts, De Quincey's experience of the drug overlaps with Coleridge's in a number of ways, while De Quincey differs from Coleridge – at least on the surface – in his claims about both the moral implications of drugged euphoria and the resolve needed to defeat addiction.
Tingkat Kecemasan Radiografer Dalam Memberikan Pelayanan Radiologi Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Rumah Sakit Baitul Hikmah Kendal
Authors: Sulistyowati Indah , Utami Lucky Restyanti Wahyu
Published: September 2021

Salah satu tenaga kesehatan yang berperan sebagai garda terdepan dalam wabah Covid-19 adalah radiografer, yaitu dengan melakukan pemeriksaan penunjang radiologi. Pemeriksaan radiologi yang digunakan untuk menunjang diagnosa corona virus disease 2019 diantaranya adalah pemeriksaan foto thorax dan CT scan thorax. Faktor psikologis yang dialami oleh tenaga kesehatan disaat pandemi corona virus disease 2019 memunculkan kecemasan mengenai kesehatan diri sendiri dan keluarga. Dampak kecemasan yang dialami oleh tenaga kesehatan dapat berpotensi mengganggu bahkan sampai mematikan pelayanan kesehatan dan akan mempengaruhi penanganan pandemi Covid-19. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui Tingkat Kecemasan Radiografer Dalam Memberikan Pelayanan Radiologi Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Rumah Sakit Baitul Hikmah Kendal.

Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif yang dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendiskripsikan atau menggambarakan fakta-fakta mengenai populasi secara sistematis, dan akurat. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua radiografer di Rumah Sakit Baitul Hikmah Kendal. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah semua radiografer di Rumah Sakit Baitul Hikmah Kendal sejumlah 4 orang. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner Zung-Self Anxiety Rating Scale (ZSAS). Analisa data menggunakan analisis univariat yang menghasilkan distribusi dan persentase dari tiap variabel.

Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa seluruh responden tidak ada kecemasan dalam memberikan pelayanan radiologi pada masa pandemi Covid-19 yaitu sebanyak 4 orang (100%). Saran yang dapat diberikan adalah perlunya dukungan dari berbagai pihak baik pimpinan, keluarga dan sesama tenaga kesehatan tak terkecuali diri sendiri untuk dapat mengurangi tingkat kecemasan radiografer sebagai salah satu garda terdepan dalam mengahadapi wabah Covid 19.

Kata kunci : tingkat kecemasan, pelayanan radiologi, covid-19
Features of responding to stress of elderly patients with chronic brain ischemia
Authors: Slyusar T. A. , Abramenko Yu. V. , Rubina S. S. , Mayorov R. V. , Slyusar I. N.
Published: September 2021

The aim of the study. To study the peculiarities of responding to stress, the stress resistance and adaptation of older men and women with chronic brain ischemia, as well as the stressboard effect of Mexidol.Material and methods. 124 patients aged 60–74 years old are surveyed: 72 men and 52 women (average age, respectively, 65.3 ± 0.4 and 64.7 ± 0.7 years) with Chronic Brain Ischemia I–II stage against the background of arterial hypertension and its combinations with atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels. The level of psychosocial stress was determined on the Holmes-Ray scale. Features of the response of patients to stress was studied using the methodology Scale of Psychological Stress PSM-25 and S. Rogenzweig. Stress resistance was investigated using S. Kuhlen's stress resistance self-resistant test and Villianson. The level of anxiety was determined using a scale of Ch.D. Spilberger and Yu.L. Khanin, depressed – backup questionnaire. The type of adaptation reactions was studied in the leukocyte blood formula on the percentage ratio of lymphocytes and segmented neutrophils, taking into account the representation of other formed elements.Results. The level of stress in older women with Chronic Brain Ischemia was higher than in men. The predominance of the intrinsic orientation of the reaction to stress and resolving the type of response to men, and the extrapunitive or self-defense type among women, which may indicate the largerness of the latter. The level of stress resistance was lower in women than in men, which correlated with higher indicators of situational anxiety. Adverse adaptation reactions were more often registered in women than in men. The course of treatment with Mexidol of elderly patients with chemical leads to a decrease in the severity of subjective and objective symptoms, alarming disorders, increases the stress resistance and adaptive capabilities of the body, which is confrmed by an increase in the number of persons with favorable adaptation reactions. The high effciency and safety of sequential therapy with Mexidol (injections, then the tableted form of Mexidol Forte 250) is shown.
Contemporary concept about organization of central nervous system: human connectome and neural networks
Authors: Damulin I. V. , Strutzenko A. A.
Published: September 2021

The aim. To systematize contemporary concept about the structural and functional organization of the central nervous system (CNS) and the importance of developing the concept of the human connectome.

Main concepts. Signifcant progress in understanding the organization of the CNS in normal and in various pathological conditions was achieved after the introduction of structural and functional neuroimaging methods frst into scientifc and then into clinical practice. Recently, when studying the neuropsychiatric sphere, special attention has been paid to neural networks. One of the achievements in this feld is the construction of the human connectome – a system of structural and functional connections between various cerebral areas, the state of which is assessed using multimodal methods of functional neuroimaging. Thus, the development of brain sciences has reached a completely different level – the level of systemic psychoneurology, when the existing processes are analyzed comprehensively, with the involvement of specialists in various felds – neurology, psychiatry, neuroimaging, mathematics, etc. The human connectome is basically a biological system, therefore, although the analogy with artifcial intelligence can be traced, it does not take the frst place. The functioning of the human connectome is based on the principle of parallel, rather than sequential, information processing. Taking into account the inherent ability of the brain (at least, some of its areas) to generate spontaneous non-rhythmic oscillations, this leads to the implementation of the basic principle of the functioning of the CNS – minimizing energy consumption. In addition, the presence of spontaneous non-rhythmic oscillations (the principle of uncertainty) probably underlies the inherent human ability to intuitively think, develop new ideas. The state of the connectome in a rest is determined by past experience, the duration of external inﬂuences, and age. It affects the nature and severity of neuroplastic processes, as well as, in particular, the effectiveness of certain pharmacological drugs in a given individual. At the same time, the fnal result of neuroplastic changes may be of a different nature. It can be favorable for the body (the so-called adaptive plasticity), do not affect the body in any way, or even have a negative result (the so-called maladaptive neuroplasticity). In children, such maladaptive manifestations are less pronounced. Currently, hardware methods of inﬂuencing the connectome are being actively studied. For example, it was shown that the structure of the connectome in a rest state can change after transcranial magnetic stimulation. Further studies of this problem will open up new opportunities for studying the activity of such a complexly organized system as the brain – in normal and in various pathological conditions – and to develop more effective methods of neurorehabilitation.
Experience of joint management of patient with Huntington's chorea by neurological and dental specialists with use of tetrabenazine
Authors: Sokolova M. G. , Shavurov V. A. , Shvartsman G. I. , Pitolenko D. A. , Sotnikov N. S.
Published: September 2021

Huntington's chorea is a hereditary disease causing progressive degeneration of the central nervous system with the damage to extrapyramidal structures: basal nuclei, striatum, subthalamic nucleus with increased activity of the central dopaminergic pathways, with the development of neurological, psychiatric, and emotional/personality disorders [1, 17]. The inheritance pattern of the disorder is autosomal dominance. The prevalence of Huntington's disease ranges from 3 to 17 cases per 100,000 population, averaging 5–7 cases per 100,000 population in Russia [2]. The development of the disease is associated with the expansion of CAG (cytosine-adenine-guanine) trinucleotide repeats in the frst exon of the HTT gene encoding the huntingtin protein. This expansion of trinucleotides (long sections of glutamine residues) leads to the selective loss of neurons that connect the striatum and the globus pallidus. This leads to a loss of inhibitory activity and an increase in the excitation impulse, which leads to uncontrolled movements.

Unfortunately, medical treatment does not slow down the progression of this disease (a lethal outcome occurs within 15–20 years). Improvement of the quality of life of people with Huntington's chorea, with the provision of medical services at an appropriate level, remains an urgent issue. This direction is especially relevant in providing dental care to patients with Huntington's chorea. Due to the pronounced hyperkinetic syndrome and compulsive movements in the muscles of the arms, trunk, neck and face, it is almost impossible to provide dental care for these patients. Currently, general anesthesia is used to enable dental intervention, but patients note that with frequent use of anesthesia, the patient's condition deteriorates, with an increase in hyperkinetic symptoms. Tetrabenazine is known to reduce the severity of hyperkinetic symptoms and is used in many countries [5].

However, in our country many specialists are not familiar with it. During the follow-up of a patient with Huntington's chorea, with the selection of a therapeutic dose of tetrabenazine, it was possible to provide three stages of dental care for the patient without the use of general anesthesia. The material presented in the article can provide useful information on the use of tetrabenazine in patients with Huntington's chorea.
Estimation and discussion of prognosis in neurologic practice. Communication issues with patient with neurological disease
Authors: Bril E. V. , Khasina A. V. , Abbasov F. A. , Zimnyakova O. S. , Fedorova N. V.
Published: September 2021

In clinical practice neurologists are faced with patients' questions regarding the prognosis, however, there are no specifc guidelines devoted to this problem in neurology, despite the fact that the outcome of the disease is a clinical issue with the highest priority for both the practitioner and the patient. This article examines the approaches to discuss the prognosis of neurological disease, data on the prognosis of common neurological diseases.
Machine Gun Politics: Why Politicians Cooperate with Criminal Groups
Authors: Bullock Jessie
Published: September 2021

Why do politicians cooperate with organized criminal groups? Existing accounts explore such groups’ incentives to cooperate, but largely treat politicians as either victims of violence or passive bribe takers. This paper considers why politicians may seek criminals’ help to get votes. I argue that some politicians win by using an electoral strategy called criminal clientelism. Politicians hire criminal groups as brokers to deliver votes through two mechanisms: (1) corralling mobilizes groups of residents to the polls and (2) gatekeeping prevents rival candidates from accessing voters. I use a natural experiment that leverages exogenous variation in voter assignment to ballot boxes and a novel dataset on criminal governance to test my theory in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. I show that corralling increases turnout and influences vote choice, and gatekeeping restricts the candidate pool. Together, the mechanisms underpinning criminal clientelism decrease competitiveness and increase the probability of victory for criminally allied candidates.
Service-Learning at an HSI: A Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Smith Andrew
Published: September 2021

An emerging body of literature seeks to design, implement, and analyze best practices in service learning at undergraduate universities. What scholars have not examined as well is service learning at Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSI's). Given that students at such universities are in unique learning environments, there is a question of how well standard practices in service learning apply to HSI's. In my paper, I will present my analysis of 2 semesters' worth of service-learning requirements in an Introduction to American Politics course at an HSI in Texas. Using the feedback provided by the students on the final course evaluations, I conclude that the current pedagogy applies reasonably well to HSI’s, but there are certain areas in which pedagogy should be adjusted to reflect the unique aspects of HSI’s, such as accounting for the socioeconomic needs of HSI students.
The Problem of Freezing of Copper Water Heat Pipes
Authors: Acharya Subas , Barra Valeria , Duffy Dean , Edwards David A. , Singlot Vrushaly
Published: September 2021

To cool electronic components of spacecraft, engineers are considering the use of heat pipes, which are sealed copper pipes containing an annular copper wick saturated with water. Water vapor from the hot end travels to the cold end, where it condenses in the wick and flows back to the hot end. In space, the cold end can freeze the water inside, which can cause two modes of pipe failure. First, if water accumulates in the cold end, then freezes, it can burst the pipe wall. Second, with the repeated expansion of the freezing water, pores in the copper wick can enlarge, reducing the speed of transport and hence the heat pipe's effectiveness. In this work we will examine both types of failures, with an eye toward establishing tolerances below which we expect the wick to remain functional.
Overview of Fostering Social Inclusion through Community Housing
Authors: Woodhall-Melnik Julia
Published: September 2021

This report introduces Area of Inquiry III: Fostering Social Inclusion through Community Housing and gives an overview of the Area’s activities in its first year of operations. Our activities were significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic; however, the first year provided an opportunity to reflect on the Area’s goals and develop collective objectives that our team will work toward meeting in the coming months and years.
Common Symptoms in COVID-19 Confirmed Cases Followed-Up at Home by Primary Healthcare Services
Authors: Mercan Yeliz , Digin Figen , Bulut Seda
Published: September 2021

Aim: This study aims to determine common symptoms in COVID-19 confirmed patients who were followed up at home by primary health care services.

Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Kırklareli, Turkey between July 2020 and December 2020. The study was conducted with 315 patients aged 18 years and over who were confirmed positive by the Polymerase Chain Reaction test and followed up at home by a Family Health Center.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 43.13±16.33 years. 53.7% were male, 87% lived in rural areas, 98.1% had health insurance and 54.9% were employed. Of the adults, 5.1% had the adult vaccine and 25.4% had a chronic disease. While at least one symptom was observed in 84.8% of the patients, 15.2% had no symptoms. The symptoms detected among the participants were cough (26.3%), headache (26.3%), and high fever (24.1%). The frequency of symptoms was higher in women than in men, and myalgia, arthralgia, nausea, and vomiting were also more frequent. The symptom of chills was more common in adults at 40 years and over compared to those under 40.

Conclusion: In case of cough, headache, or high fever among adults, a healthcare provider should be consulted and screening for other symptoms. In terms of follow-up, symptom management, and treatment of the disease, women, and individuals 40 years and over should be prioritized, carefully followed up, and provided with the necessary isolation. There are also asymptomatic cases of COVID-19 disease. Isolation of asymptomatic patients is also important because of the high contagiousness of the disease.

Keywords: COVID-19, symptoms, primary care, home care
Epidemiological Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients in Kütahya Province in Turkey
Authors: Ozdemir Cagla , Durmaz Adem , Akbas Gunes Nurcan
Published: September 2021

Aim: It is aimed to evaluate the epidemiological features of COVID-19 patients and risk factors affecting hospitalization.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 883 adult patients whose Polymerase Chain Reaction tests were positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Kütahya province until July 2020. The patients were questioned in terms of their socio-demographic characteristics, drugs, comorbidities, and symptoms. They were divided into two groups according to their hospitalization status and outpatient treatment status.

Results: There were 473 female and 410 male participants in the study. 532 of 883 adult patients were hospitalized. The most common symptoms were fatigue (47.9%), myalgia (44.7%), and loss of smell and taste (32.4%). Hospitalization was associated with advanced age, low income, presence of additional disease, several symptoms, smoking, comorbidities including diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney diseases, cardiovascular and respiratory system. In multivariant analyses, advance age, low income, fever, dyspnea and chronic lung diseases were associated with increased odds of hospital admission.

Conclusion: In our study, it was found that independent risk factors for hospitalization were advanced age, low income, fever, shortness of breath, and chronic lung diseases. We think that determining risk factors for hospitalization may be a guide for clinicians in predicting patient prognosis.

Keywords: COVID-19, epidemiology, hospitalization, symptoms, comorbidity
Anaphylaxis to Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in a Patient With Clinically Confirmed PEG Allergy
Authors: McSweeney Morgan D. , Mohan Manoj , Commins Scott P. , Lai Samuel K.
Published: September 2021

Although allergic responses to the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are rare, recent reports have suggested that a small number of individuals with allergy to polyethylene glycol (PEG), a component of the mRNA lipid nanoshell, may be at increased risk of anaphylaxis following vaccination. In this report, we describe a case of a patient who received an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, experienced anaphylaxis, and was subsequently confirmed to have anti-PEG allergy by skin prick testing. The patient had previously noticed urticaria after handling PEG powder for their occupation and had a history of severe allergic response to multiple other allergens. Importantly, as many as 70% of people possess detectable levels of anti-PEG antibodies, indicating that the detection of such antibodies does not imply high risk for an anaphylactic response to vaccination. However, in people with pre-existing anti-PEG antibodies, the administration of PEGylated liposomes may induce higher levels of antibodies, which may cause accelerated clearance of other PEGylated therapeutics a patient may be receiving. It is important to improve awareness of PEG allergy among patients and clinicians.
Visible Light-Generated Antiviral Effect on Plasmonic Ag-TiO2-Based Reactive Nanocomposite Thin Film
Authors: Boldogkői Zsolt , Csabai Zsolt , Tombácz Dóra , Janovák László , Balassa Lilla , Deák Ágota , Tóth Péter S. , Janáky Csaba , Duda Ernő , Dékány Imre
Published: September 2021

The recent coronavirus pandemic pointed out the vulnerability of humanity to new emerging infectious diseases. Experts warn that future pandemics may emerge more frequently with greater devastating effects on population health and the world economy. Although viruses are unable to propagate on lifeless surfaces, they can retain their infectivity and spread further on contact with these surfaces. The objective of our study is to analyze photoreactive composite films that exert antiviral effects upon illumination. Reactive plasmonic titanium dioxide-based polymeric nanocomposite film was prepared with a thickness of 1–1.5 µm, which produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 435 nm). These species are suitable for photooxidation of adsorbed organic molecules (e.g., benzoic acid) on the nanocomposite surface. Moreover, high molecular weight proteins are also degraded or partially oxidized in this process on the composite surface. Since the Ag0-TiO2/polymer composite film used showed excellent reactivity in the formation of OH• radicals, the photocatalytic effect on high molecular weight (M = ∼66.000 Da) bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein was investigated. Given that changes in the structure of the protein were observed upon exposure to light, we assumed virucidal effect of the illuminated photoreactive composite film. We tested this hypothesis using an airborne-transmitted herpesvirus. As a result, we obtained a drastic decrease in infection capability of the virus on the photoreactive surface compared to the control surface.
Development and Validation of an IL6/JAK/STAT3-Related Gene Signature to Predict Overall Survival in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhan Chuanchuan , Xu Chao , Chen Jiajun , Shen Chong , Li Jinkun , Wang Zichu , Ying Xiangrong , Luo Zhengang , Ren Yu , Wu Gangfeng , Zhang Haojie , Qian Manfei
Published: September 2021

Background: Traditional clinicopathological features (TNM, pathology grade) are often insufficient in predictive prognosis accuracy of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The IL6-JAK-STAT3 pathway is aberrantly hyperactivated in many cancer types, and such hyperactivation is generally associated with a poor clinical prognosis implying that it can be used as a promising prognosis indicator. The relation between the IL6-JAK-STAT3 pathway and ccRCC remains unknown.

Methods: We evaluated the levels of various cancer hallmarks and filtered out the promising risk hallmarks in ccRCC. Subsequently, a prognosis model based on these hallmark-related genes was established via weighted correlation network analysis and Cox regression analysis. Besides, we constructed a nomogram based on the previous model with traditional clinicopathological features to improve the predictive power and accuracy.

Results: The IL6-JAK-STAT3 pathway was identified as the promising risk hallmarks in ccRCC, and the pathway-related prognosis model based on five genes was built. Also, the nomogram we developed demonstrated the strongest and most stable survival predictive ability.

Conclusion: Our study would provide new insights for guiding individualized treatment of ccRCC patients.