bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EU visa policy
Authors: Meloni Annalisa
Published: December 2017

In the absence of any clear indication in the EU Treaties as to what solidarity entails, three visions of solidarity have emerged: supranational/functional, intergovernmental/voluntary and an individual-focused/constructivist vision. Following the case of X and X v. Belgium and the link between visa policy and the EU’s questionable strategy of externalizing international protection, it can be concluded that visa policy is characterized by the absence of individual-focused solidarity, and it does not offer any expression of the central place that human rights protection has in the EU’s identity. This may be partly reconnected to the unclear scope of the fundamental rights protection framework that is applicable to visas under international law. Visa policy is characterized by inter-state and state-centred solidarity which takes a supranational form in policy formulation and an intergovernmental form in implementation. Supranational solidarity has not proven necessarily effective in overcoming divergences between the Member States in sovereignty sensitive areas, or capable of doing so in a way that upholds EU principles. Intergovernmental solidarity in implementation is functionally driven and progressively characterized by EU norms and procedures, but it is unlikely that the search for effectiveness will lead to the supranationalization of this sovereignty sensitive field.
Solidarity’s reach
Authors: Moreno-Lax Violeta
Published: December 2017

Solidarity has a key role to play in the allocation of responsibility for refugee protection, as is implied by Article 80 TFEU. Yet, EU law fails to provide a definition and a clear indication of what it entails, especially as for its external reach. Against this background, this article embarks on a theoretical/practical investigation of the normative bases of ‘EU solidarity’. Building on a cosmopolitan vision, it unpacks the multi-polar/multi-functional nature of the concept, as a founding value and constitutional (meta-)principle of EU law. In such a guise, it will posit that solidarity gives rise to an (autonomous) primary law duty of responsibility sharing/good faith cooperation that requires ‘fairness’ and ‘respect for fundamental rights’, as a uniform/all-pervading structural command generally applicable across policy fields. So configured, solidarity governs intra/extra-EU relations (based on the principle of coherence). The institutional, material, and procedural aspects of solidarity are thus explored to distil its horizontal, vertical, and systemic facets. Combined, they arguably produce a triple duty of conduct, loyalty, and result that permeates EU integration as a whole, calling into question the self-serving approach currently guiding the Common European Asylum System’s (CEAS) ‘external dimension’, as exemplified by the EU-Turkey ‘deal’.
Regional resilience and global production networks in China: An open political economy perspective
Authors: Hardy Jane , Imani Yassamin , Zhuang Beini
Published: December 2017

The article examines regional resilience in China using the case study of the Xiamen regional economy. The open political economy perspective posited builds on three strands; the structural dimensions related to underpinning drivers and the mobility of capital; the multiscalar nature of the institutions in which firms are embedded and the agency of firms and their cognitive capacities in the (re)constitution of reorganizing production networks. The data comprise in-depth interviews with 20 firms in a cross section of sectors to examine how firms are innovating to change their position in value chains and mode of integration with the global economy.
Models as Strategic Actants in Innovative Architecture
Authors: Naar Liisa , Clegg Stewart
Published: December 2017

This article outlines a novel approach to the role of models in innovation processes: showing how innovative architectural outcomes result from the strategic management of multiple physical models in a design process. Drawing on actor-network theory, we explore architect Frank Gehry’s designing in action to trace the work done in translating design ideas with architectural models. We observe how certain practices constituted around material models are Gehry’s means for unsettling and resetting the clients’ receptiveness and willingness to embark upon a particular architectural path. We find that the physical models, as actants in these activity flows, are rendered strategic in ways currently overlooked. When approval for an innovative design is secured, through the unfolding of models, their strategic role is realized. Our approach goes beyond current accounts of the role and nature of architectural models to reveal how architectural models as strategic actants are mobilized in an innovation process.
Rhetoric and Authority in a Polarized Transition: The Case of China’s Stock Market
Authors: Li Yuan , Green Sandy E. , Hirsch Paul M.
Published: December 2017

How do actors in positions of authority attempt to justify their right to rule while introducing controversial institutional practices that potentially delegitimate their authority? China’s reform leaders have found themselves in a legitimacy conundrum when they established and developed the stock market, yet have been able to assert a central role for the party-state in managing the stock market. Using a critical rhetorical perspective, we analyze how actors use “rhetorical genres,” that is, argumentation and narration with differing content and style, to construct new roles of the speaker and speaker–audience relationships that imply new bases of authority, and how these rhetorical genres can be conceptualized as “discursive spaces” that could accommodate contradictions in the rhetorical situations characterized by polarization in ideologies and interests.
Exploring the science trade space with the JPL Innovation Foundry A-Team
Authors: Ziemer John K , Wessen Randii R , Johnson Paul V
Published: December 2017

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory Innovation Foundry has established a new approach for exploring, developing, and evaluating early concepts with a group called the Architecture Team. The Architecture Team combines innovative collaborative methods and facilitated sessions with subject matter experts and analysis tools to help mature mission concepts. Science, implementation, and programmatic elements are all considered during an A-Team study. In these studies, Concept Maturity Levels are used to group methods. These levels include idea generation and capture (Concept Maturity Level 1), initial feasibility assessment (Concept Maturity Level 2), and trade space exploration (Concept Maturity Level 3). Methods used for exploring the science objectives, feasibility, and scope will be described including the use of a new technique for understanding the most compelling science, called a Science Return Diagram. In the process of developing the Science Return Diagram, gradients in the science trade space are uncovered along with their implications for implementation and mission architecture. Special attention is paid toward developing complete investigations, establishing a series of logical claims that lead to the natural selection of a measurement approach. Over 20 science-focused A-Team studies have used these techniques to help science teams refine their mission objectives, make implementation decisions, and reveal the mission concept’s most compelling science. This article will describe the A-Team process for exploring the mission concept’s science trade space and the Science Return Diagram technique.
A Social-Ecological Approach to Addressing Emotional and Behavioral Problems in Schools: Focusing on Group Processes and Social Dynamics
Authors: Trach Jessica , Lee Matthew , Hymel Shelley
Published: December 2017

A substantial body of evidence verifies that social-emotional learning (SEL) can be effectively taught in schools and can reduce the prevalence and impact of emotional and behavioral problems (EBP) among children and youth. Although the positive effects of SEL on individual student’s emotional, behavioral, and academic outcomes have been investigated in some detail in recent years, most studies have focused on evaluating programs aimed at directly training social and emotional competencies with a focus on the individual. Far less is known about the role of interpersonal group dynamics and systems functioning at the levels of the peer group, classroom, and school community. Drawing on Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory and Harris’s group socialization theory, this article reviews the literature on SEL and group dynamics to identify the ways in which existing SEL frameworks already encapsulate social group processes that contribute to the promotion of positive social-emotional development of children and youth. The goals of this contribution are twofold: (a) to document how EBP can be attenuated by addressing group-level processes that already exist within SEL practices and (b) to provide educators with specific SEL strategies to address group dynamics in their classrooms to optimize outcomes for all students, including students with EBP.
PTSD Symptoms Mediate the Relationship Between Sexual Abuse and Substance Use Risk in Juvenile Justice–Involved Youth
Authors: Sanders Jasmyn , Hershberger Alexandra R. , Kolp Haley M. , Um Miji , Aalsma Matthew , Cyders Melissa A.
Published: December 2017

Juvenile justice–involved youth face disproportionate rates of sexual abuse, which increases the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUDs), both of which are associated with poor long-term outcomes. The present study tested two mediation and moderation models, controlling for age, race, and history of physical abuse, with gender as a moderator, to determine whether PTSD symptoms serve as a risk factor and/or mechanism in the relationship between sexual abuse and substance use. Data were examined for 197 juvenile justice–involved youth (mean age = 15.45, 68.9% non-White, 78.4% male) that completed court-ordered psychological assessments. Results indicated that PTSD symptoms significantly mediated the relationship between sexual abuse and drug (β = 3.44, confidence interval [CI] [0.26, 7.41]; test for indirect effect z = 2.41, p = .02) and alcohol use (β = 1.42, CI [0.20, 3.46]; test for indirect effect z = 2.23, p = .03). PTSD symptoms and gender were not significant moderators. Overall, PTSD symptoms mediate the relationship between sexual abuse and SUDs in juvenile justice–involved youth, which suggests viability of targeting PTSD symptoms as a modifiable risk factor to reduce the effects of sexual abuse on substance use in this high-risk population.
An Introduction to Video Methods in Organizational Research
Authors: LeBaron Curtis , Jarzabkowski Paula , Pratt Michael G. , Fetzer Greg
Published: December 2017

Video has become a methodological tool of choice for many researchers in social science, but video methods are relatively new to the field of organization studies. This article is an introduction to video methods. First, we situate video methods relative to other kinds of research, suggesting that video recordings and analyses can be used to replace or supplement other approaches, not only observational studies but also retrospective methods such as interviews and surveys. Second, we describe and discuss various features of video data in relation to ontological assumptions that researchers may bring to their research design. Video involves both opportunities and pitfalls for researchers, who ought to use video methods in ways that are consistent with their assumptions about the world and human activity. Third, we take a critical look at video methods by reporting progress that has been made while acknowledging gaps and work that remains to be done. Our critical considerations point repeatedly at articles in this special issue, which represent recent and important advances in video methods.
Retrospective study of the presentation, diagnosis and management of 16 cats with otitis media not due to nasopharyngeal polyp
Authors: Swales Nicola , Foster Aiden , Barnard Natalie
Published: December 2017

Objectives

The aim of this study was to analyse retrospectively cats diagnosed with otitis media (OM) not due to nasopharyngeal polyp, and to review the clinical outcome with surgical and medical management.

Methods

Patient records were searched for cats diagnosed with OM. The diagnosis of OM was based on the presence of clinical signs, including neurological signs, respiratory signs and signs of otitis externa, and on the basis of evidence of thickened or irregular bullae walls, or the presence of fluid within the tympanic cavity in those that had diagnostic imaging. In those that did not have imaging, the diagnosis was made on the basis of the presence of fluid in the bulla or organisms cultured using myringotomy. These records were analysed retrospectively.

Results

Of 16 cats, one had a total ear canal ablation, five had ventral bulla osteotomy surgery and 11 were medically managed. Of the cats that were medically managed, using either topical products, systemic antimicrobials or a combination of both, eight had complete resolution of clinical signs.

Conclusions and relevance

This small cohort shows that some cats with OM can be successfully managed medically. Surgery is invasive and may not necessarily be required if appropriate medical management is undertaken. This is the first study of OM treatment in cats and provides the basis for further studies, which should aim to establish specific infectious causes of OM and how they can potentially be managed with medical therapies.
Evaluating the Prognostic Accuracy of Biomarkers for Glioblastoma Multiforme Using The Cancer Genome Atlas Data
Authors: Hu Nan , Cheng Haojie , Zhang Kevin , Jensen Randy
Published: December 2017

Background:

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. Previous studies on GBM biomarkers focused on the effect of the biomarkers on overall survival (OS). Until now, no study has been published that evaluates the performance of biomarkers for prognosing OS. We examined the performance of microRNAs, gene expressions, gene signatures, and methylation that were previously identified to be prognostic. In addition, we investigated whether using clinical risk factors in combination with biomarkers can improve the prognostic performance.

Methods:

The Cancer Genome Atlas, which provides both biomarkers and OS information, was used in this study. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the prognostic accuracy.

Results:

For prognosis of OS by 2 years from diagnosis, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of microRNAs, Mir21 and Mir222, was 0.550 and 0.625, respectively. When age was included in the risk prediction score of these biomarkers, the AUC increased to 0.719 and 0.701, respectively. The SAMSN1 gene expression attains an AUC of 0.563, and the “8-gene” signature identified by Bao achieves an AUC of 0.613.

Conclusions:

Although some biomarkers are significantly associated with OS, the ability of these biomarkers for prognosing OS events is limited. Incorporating clinical risk factors, such as age, can greatly improve the prognostic performance.
ZDHHC3 as a Risk and Mortality Marker for Breast Cancer in African American Women
Authors: Kinney Nick , Varghese Robin T , Anandakrishnan Ramu , Garner Harold R “Skip”
Published: December 2017

African American woman are 43% more likely to die from breast cancer than white women and have increased the risk of tumor recurrence despite lower incidence. We investigate variations in microsatellite genomic regions—a type of repetitive DNA—and possible links to the breast cancer mortality gap. We screen 33 854 microsatellites in germline DNA of African American women with and without breast cancer: 4 are statistically significant. These are located in the 3′ UTR (untranslated region) of gene ZDHHC3, an intron of transcribed pseudogene INTS4L1, an intron of ribosomal gene RNA5-8S5, and an intergenic region of chromosome 16. The marker in ZDHHC3 is interesting for 3 reasons: (a) the ZDHHC3 gene is located in region 3p21 which has already been linked to early invasive breast cancer, (b) the Kaplan-Meier estimator demonstrates that ZDHHC3 alterations are associated with poor breast cancer survival in all racial/ethnic groups combined, and (c) data from cBioPortal suggest that ZDHHC3 messenger RNA expression is significantly lower in African Americans compared with whites. These independent lines of evidence make ZDHHC3 a candidate for further investigation.
Bioinformatic Analysis of Circadian Expression of Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes
Authors: Salavaty Adrian , Mohammadi Niloufar , Shahmoradi Mozhdeh , Naderi Soorki Maryam
Published: December 2017

Background:

Circadian rhythms are physiological and behavioral cycles with a period of approximately 24 hours that control various functions including gene expression. Circadian disruption is associated with a variety of diseases, especially cancer. Although some of the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are known as clock-controlled genes (CCGs), the analysis and annotation of circadian expression of most human oncogenes and TSGs are still lacking. This study aims to investigate the circadian expression of a list of human oncogenes and TSGs.

Methods:

A bioinformatic analysis was conducted on a gene library comprising 120 genes to investigate the circadian expression of human oncogenes and TSGs. To achieve this purpose, the genotranscriptomic data were retrieved from COSMIC and analyzed by R statistical software. Furthermore, the acquired data were analyzed at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels using several publicly available databases. Also, the significance of all analyses was confirmed statistically.

Results:

Altogether, our results indicated that 7 human oncogenes/TSGs may be expressed and function in a circadian manner. These oncogenes/TSGs showed a circadian expression pattern at CircaDB database and associated with at least one of the circadian genes/CCGs based on both genotranscriptomic and correlation analyses.

Conclusions:

Although 4 of 7 finally outputted genes have been previously reported to be clock controlled, heretofore there is no report about the circadian expression of 3 other genes. Considering the importance of oncogenes/TSGs in the initiation and progression of cancer, further studies are suggested for the identification of exact circadian expression patterns of these 3 human oncogenes/TSGs.
Natural Radionuclides and Radon Exhalation Rate in the Soils of Cauvery River Basin
Authors: Kaliprasad CS , Vinutha PR , Narayana Y
Published: December 2017

In this study, systematic measurement of activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th and radon exhalation rate has been done in soil samples of Cauvery River environment. The activity was measured using HPGe gamma-ray spectrometer, and the mean values of 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th in the soil samples were found to be 182 ± 4, 34 ± 2, and 19 ± 1 Bq kg−1, respectively. The radon exhalation rate was measured by “Can technique” using SSNTD (LR-115) films. The mean values of radium concentration, surface exhalation, and mass exhalation rate were found to be 118.95, 293.61, and 108.53 mBq kg−1 h−1, respectively. The radiological hazard indices due to natural radioactivity were calculated and compared with international recommended values, which are lower than the recommended level. The radon exhalation rate is lower than the recommended level.
Potential Effectiveness of Point-of-Use Filtration to Address Risks to Drinking Water in the United States
Authors: Brown Kathleen Ward , Gessesse Bemnet , Butler Lindsey J , MacIntosh David L
Published: December 2017

Numerous contemporary incidents demonstrate that conventional control strategies for municipal tap water have limited ability to mitigate exposures to chemicals whose sources are within distribution systems, such as lead, and chemicals that are not removed by standard treatment technologies, such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)/perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). In these situations, point-of-use (POU) controls may be effective in mitigating exposures and managing health risks of chemicals in drinking water, but their potential utility has not been extensively examined. As an initial effort to fill this information gap, we conducted a critical review and analysis of the existing literature and data on the effectiveness of POU drinking water treatment technologies for reducing chemical contaminants commonly found in tap water in the United States. We found that many types of water treatment devices available to consumers in the United States have undergone laboratory testing and often certification for removal of chemical contaminants in tap water, but in most cases their efficacy in actual use has yet to be well characterized. In addition, the few studies of POU devices while “in use” focus on traditional contaminants regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act, but do not generally consider nontraditional contaminants of concern, such as certain novel human carcinogens, industrial chemicals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and flame retardants. Nevertheless, the limited information available at present suggests that POU devices can be highly effective when used prophylactically and when deployed in response to contamination incidents. Based on these findings, we identify future areas of research for assessing the ability of POU filters to reduce health-related chemical contaminants distributed through public water systems and private wells.
A New Procedure for Wrapped-Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for Congestion After Arterialized Venous Flap Surgery
Authors: Niimi Yosuke , Mori Satoko , Takeuchi Masaki
Published: December 2017

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a method for treating wound. However, there are no case reports using NPWT for treating congestion after arterialized venous flap. Therefore, this study reported favorable outcomes after using a single-use NPWT system for managing congestion. A 39-year-old man had his index finger caught by a press machine. The finger had a soft tissue defect at the ventral part. An arterialized venous flap taken from the right forearm was transplanted. Perfusion of the flap was favorable, but on postoperative day 5, congestion and the edema of the flap were found. Then, NPWT was initiated. The congestion and edema in the flap were improved without complications such as flap necrosis and wound infection. At 4 months postoperatively, the morphology of the finger was favorable. In this study, NPWT was speculated to force the deeper blood vessels within the flap to dilate with inducing drainage and the simultaneous reduction in excess blood flow to the cortical layer, resulting in the improvement of congestion. Negative pressure wound therapy was used for treating congestion after the transplantation of arterialized venous flap, and the wound was favorably managed.
Effect of elastic and plastic deformations on tribological behavior of graphene-reinforced Ni3Al matrix composites
Authors: Huang Yuchun , Shi Xiaoliang , Yang Kang , Zou Jialiang , Shen Qiao , Wang Yufu
Published: December 2017

The elastic and plastic deformations have significant effect on the tribological properties of the graphene-reinforced Ni3Al matrix self-lubricating composites. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the tribological behavior and wear mechanisms of graphene-reinforced Ni3Al matrix self-lubricating composites by researching the effects of different loads and the corresponding friction heat on the elastic or plastic deformation. The dry sliding tribology tests of graphene-reinforced Ni3Al matrix self-lubricating composites are carried out at the loads of 7, 10, 13, and 16N, respectively. The elastic or plastic deformation is judged by comparing the yield stress with the contact stress analyzed by the numerical simulation method. It is found that graphene-reinforced Ni3Al matrix self-lubricating composites exhibit good tribological properties at 13 N due to the elastic deformation, leading to the formation of relatively stable wear resistant layer. Graphene-reinforced Ni3Al matrix self-lubricating composites show poor tribological performance at 16 N for the plastic deformation, resulting in the destruction of the wear resistant layer and the generation of surface cracks and material spalling. From the mechanical mechanism of wear, the plastic deformation and thermal stress are the important factors to lead to the material spalling. The results could be used to guide the selection of suitable working conditions for having good tribological performance of low wear and long service life.
The limiting load-carrying capacity of foil thrust bearings
Authors: Samanta P , Khonsari MM
Published: December 2017

A simple procedure is proposed for predicting the limiting pressure and corresponding limiting of the load-carrying capacity of a foil thrust bearing. A closed-form analytical solution for the limiting load is derived, and the predictions are verified by the numerical solution. An approximate solution for limiting thrust load is also obtained and compared to the value obtained through the analytical solution. A parametric analysis is performed to examine the dependency of the limiting load on different geometric parameters for the bearing.
‘Unhappy News’: Process, Rhetoric, and Context in the Making of the Happiness Problem
Authors: Frawley Ashley
Published: December 2017

Drawing on a study of UK national broadsheets, this article examines the emergence and spread of happiness as a social problem in the UK by drawing on the theoretical insights of social problem constructionism and related social movement theory in terms of the processual, rhetorical, and contextual factors involved in the construction, transmission, and institutionalisation of new social problems. In particular, issue ownership in the realm of process and flexible syntax, experiential commensurability, empirical credibility, and narrative fidelity in the realm of rhetoric are argued to have played an important role in the discursive spread of the happiness problem in this public arena. A socio-political context hospitable to de-politicised and highly personalised constructions of social issues is argued to have played a major contextual role in the construction of the ‘happiness problem’.
Physical experiment and computer simulation of the speed-up manoeuvre using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation
Authors: Orzechowski Grzegorz , Frączek Janusz , Barczak Tomasz
Published: December 2017

This paper presents an experimental validation of the absolute nodal coordinate formulation spatial element with the speed-up manoeuvre. A long, thin steel beam with a circular cross-section is analysed. The beam is fixed at the middle with the clamp that itself is attached to the brushless motor housing. The drive is controlled by a dedicated speed controller and the final speed is set by adjusting the PWM signal level. The position of specific points at the beam and the drive is measured by attached markers with a high-speed camera that records the picture with 2400 frames per second. The position of the rotor is then used as input for further multibody dynamic analysis. The top rotational speed of the rotor is far larger than the critical speed for the linear floating frame of reference model. The beam is modelled with a continuum-based, standard, curved, two-node absolute nodal coordinate formulation beam element. As Poisson locking often occurs in thin absolute nodal coordinate formulation beams, selective reduced integration is employed to alleviate the locking influence. The air drag is modelled with a simple model of idealised air flow around the cylinder. A comparison of the experimental and the computer simulation reveals a good agreement between the results.
Effect of different temperatures on the fatigue behavior of interference fitted plates of Al-alloy 7075-T6
Authors: Taghizadeh H , Chakherlou TN
Published: December 2017

The effect of short time exposure to thermal cycle on the fatigue life of interference fitted fastener holes was evaluated by experimental and numerical method in Al-alloy 7075-T6. When interference fitted holes are subjected to temperature, the pre-stresses produced by interference fit may be considerably redistributed. To investigate the pre-stresses redistribution and its effect on the fatigue life of interference fitted specimens, two different temperatures (i.e. 60 ℃ and 120 ℃), apart from room temperature, were selected. The fatigue tests were performed to obtain S–N curves. Tangential pre-stress distribution was analyzed by the finite element method. Three-dimensional stress distributions of interference fit process have been determined around the hole at three temperatures: 25 ℃, 60 ℃, and 120 ℃. The finite element analyses justify the experimentally observed fatigue test behavior. The results show that the short period thermal cycle could improve the fatigue life of the prepared samples.
C–F bond activation of trifluoroethanol and trifluoroacetic acid catalysed by the dimolybdate anion, [Mo2O6(F)]−
Authors: Khairallah George N , Waters Tom , Wedd Anthony G , O'Hair Richard AJ
Published: December 2017

Two gas-phase catalytic cycles involving C–F bond activation of trifluoroethanol and trifluoroacetic acid were detected by multistage mass spectrometry experiments. A binuclear dimolybdate centre [Mo2O6(F)]− acts as the catalyst in each cycle. The first cycle, entered via the reaction of [Mo2O6(OH)]− with trifluoroethanol and elimination of water to form [Mo2O6(OCH2CF3)]−, proceeds via four steps: (1) oxidation of the alkoxo ligand and its elimination as aldehyde; (2) reaction of [Mo2O5(OH)]− with trifluoroethanol and elimination of water to form [Mo2O5(OCH2CF3)]; (3) decomposition of the alkoxo ligand via loss of 1,1 difluoroethene; and (4) reaction of [Mo2O6(F)]− with a second equivalent of trifluoroethanol to regenerate Mo2O6(OCH2CF3)]−. Steps (2) and (3) do not occur at room temperature and require collisional activation to proceed. The second cycle is entered via the reaction of [Mo2O6(OH)]− with trifluoroacetic acid and elimination of water to form [Mo2O6(O2CCF3)]− and involves two steps only: (1) fluoride transfer to a molybdenum centre to form [Mo2O6(F)]−; (2) reaction of [Mo2O6(F)]− with trifluoroacetic acid and loss of water to regenerate [Mo2O6(O2CCF3)]−. Comparisons are made with the chemistry of [Mo2O6(OH)]− reacting with acetic acid.
A cross-national comparative study of work demands/support, work-to-family conflict and job outcomes
Authors: Annor Francis , Burchell Brendan
Published: December 2017

This study compared relations between work demands and support, work-to-family conflict (WFC) and job outcomes in Ghana and the United Kingdom. Data were obtained from 217 Ghanaian employees and 198 British employees using structured questionnaires. Results from multigroup structural equation modelling analyses showed that job pressure was positively related to WFC in Ghana and the United Kingdom, whereas supervisor support was negatively related to WFC in Ghana only. WFC was negatively related to job satisfaction and positively related to turnover intentions in both countries. More importantly, the relationship between job pressure and WFC was stronger for British employees than for Ghanaian employees. Finally, job pressure was indirectly related to job satisfaction and turnover intentions via WFC in both countries, whereas supervisor support was indirectly related to job satisfaction and turnover intentions in Ghana only. The implications of these findings for cross-cultural research on the work–family interface and managerial practice are discussed.
“I wouldn’t imagine having to go through all this and still be the same person. No way”: structure, reflexivity and international students
Authors: Matthews Blair
Published: December 2017

International students at universities away from their home context experience a significant change to the way they engage with the world, as they think, reflect and act in response to the new context. Drawing on Archer’s concept of reflexivity (2003; 2007; 2012), this paper demonstrates that international students are compelled into reflexive deliberation, which precipitates a change in agency. This paper provides empirical evidence of specific generative mechanisms of the international student experience, which contribute to the conditioning of agency.
Successful Undergraduate African American Men's Navigation and Negotiation of Academic and Social Counter-Spaces as Adaptation to Racism at Historically White Institutions
Authors: Black Ray , Bimper Albert Y.
Published: December 2017

Extant research has extensively illuminated African American men's experiences with racism at historically White institutions. Their efforts to persist and graduate meant many of them learned to navigate and respond to racism on and off campus. Such learned behavior has necessitated adopting coping mechanisms to acculturate to the social, cultural, and academic environments within and surrounding institutions of higher education. Drawn from a larger study, this qualitative case study explored the experiences and the strategies used by two participants as they self-navigated the institution's support programs, affinity groups, and campus organizations to achieve personal and academic success. Academically persistent and successful African American men formed unique personal networks; sought out support; and received help from African American organizations, family members, faculty members, and staff members. This research advances a growing body of literature focusing on the success strategies of undergraduate African American men pursuing their educational goals at historically White institutions.
Multimedia Education Reduces Anxiety in Lung Transplant Patients
Authors: Gerity Sandra L. , Silva Susan G. , Reynolds John M. , Hoffman Benson , Oermann Marilyn H.
Published: December 2017

Context:

A significant contribution to the success of lung transplantation is the recipient’s ability to self-manage a multidrug regimen and follow complex instructions. Effective education has always been an integral component of the process of preparing patients to care for themselves post lung transplant. Impaired cognition, anxiety, and psychological distress, however, can decrease the retention of posttransplant care information provided during education sessions.

Objective:

This quality improvement project evaluated whether a multimedia education method compared to standard education method improves posttransplant care knowledge, anxiety, and satisfaction with the education experience in lung transplant patients and their caregivers.

Methods:

Two education methods groups, comprised of transplant patients and their primary caregivers, were compared: (1) historic control group who received the standard education (n = 19 dyads) and (2) multimedia group who received the new multimedia education (n = 18 dyads). Knowledge of posttransplant care was evaluated in both groups before and after receiving the education. A satisfaction survey was administered at the end of the education program.

Results:

A significantly higher percentage of patients receiving the multimedia method reported gains in posttransplant care knowledge ( P = .05), less anxiety about the transplant surgery ( P = .02), and satisfaction with the education method ( P = .02) when compared to those receiving the standard method. Caregivers and transplant team member also indicated that the multimedia method was more effective than the standard method.

Conclusion:

Multimedia methods decrease anxiety and increase satisfaction with the education experience when preparing patients for lung transplantation.
From Media Events to Expressive Events: An Interview with Daniel Dayan
Authors: Sumiala Johanna Maaria , Valaskivi Katja , Dayan Daniel
Published: December 2017

In this interview, Professor Daniel Dayan provides a philosophical and theoretical reflection on the development of media event theory and its influence in media and communication studies since 1990s. He reveals the main theoretical premises and inspirations behind the theory and provides a thoughtful reflection of the historical situation in which the theory was developed. The latter part of the interview observes the present day terrorist violence in the framework of media event theory.
Disagreement Without Deterrence: The Importance of the Setting for the Study of Political Disagreement and Participation of Youth
Authors: Feezell Jessica T. , Jones Jessica L.
Published: December 2017

In today’s polarized and often uncivil political environment, how does political disagreement influence the political participation of youth? In this article, we compare the relationship between political disagreement and the political behavior of youth in online and face-to-face settings. Using a unique sample of U.S. youth age 15 to 25 ( N = 1,112), we find that exposure to disagreement, especially online, has a positive relationship with traditional and online forms of political participation. In addition, we find that engaging in disagreement online predicts higher levels of online participation. These findings suggest that engaging with political disagreement in the online setting may provide a way for youth to grapple with complex issues in a manner that leads to higher levels of political engagement overall.
The Deliberate Racism Making #Gaymediasowhite
Authors: Han C. Winter
Published: December 2017

c. winter han on using white as a proxy for normal in gay media.
American Religion, All or Nothing at All
Authors: Hout Michael
Published: December 2017

michael hout on finding the non-religious through longitudinal data.
Acute rerupture after coil embolization of ruptured intracranial saccular aneurysms: A literature review
Authors: Li Kailing , Guo Yunbao , Zhao Ying , Xu Baofeng , Xu Kan , Yu Jinlu
Published: December 2017

Acute rerupture after coil embolization is defined as rerupture within three days after treatment; its prognosis is worse than that of rebleeding at other time periods. However, to date, little is known about complications during the acute phase. Therefore, we used the PubMed database to perform a review of acute rerupture after coil embolization of ruptured intracranial saccular aneurysms and increase our understanding. After reviewing the complications, we found that the cause of acute rerupture is unclear, but the following risk factors are involved: incomplete occlusion of the initial aneurysm, the presence of a hematoma adjacent to a ruptured aneurysm, an aneurysmal outpouching, poor Hunt-Hess grade at the time of treatment, and the location of the aneurysm in an anterior communicating artery. In addition, intraoperative rupture is a non-negligible cause. Acute rerupture after coil embolization mainly occurs within the first 24 hours after the procedure. Brain computed tomography is the gold standard for diagnosing acute rebleeding of a coiled aneurysm. For acute rerupture after coil embolization, prevention is critical, and complete occlusion of the aneurysm in the first session is the best protection against acute rebleeding. In addition, a restricted postembolization anticoagulation strategy is recommended for patients with high-risk aneurysms. For patients with an adjacent hematoma, surgical clipping is recommended. Most patients present no changes immediately after acute rebleeding because of their poor condition. However, surgical or endovascular treatments can be attempted if the patient is in an acceptable condition. Even so, the outcomes are typically unsatisfactory.
A literary perspective on the limits of leadership: Tolstoy’s critique of the great man theory
Authors: Mouton Nico
Published: December 2017

The traditional Great Man theory of leadership is treated with scant respect, yet it is still widely in use. This article reconstructs and reevaluates Tolstoy’s critique of the claim that great men drive the course of events. Great men are not great, Tolstoy contends, nor do they drive the course of events: they merely think that they do, due to an incorrigible combination of conceitedness and incognizance. The illusion of their pervasive influence persists because it is built into the narratives we tell about events, in the form of unexamined assumptions about—inter alia—power, plans, and planners. Tolstoy subjects these tacit suppositions to critical scrutiny and constructs a coherent counter-narrative that neatly contradicts nearly everything that Great Man stories affirm. His critique engenders an epistemological crisis that still constitutes a significant challenge to contemporary studies of leadership.
Newspaper portrayal of Chinese outward foreign direct investment in Latin American newspapers: A content analysis
Authors: Zhu Yicheng , Wang Longxing
Published: December 2017

The current study is a content analysis of international economic news about Chinese outward foreign direct investment in Latin American countries from corresponding Latin American newspapers. We studied the portrayal of Chinese outward foreign direct investment among 14 different Latin American newspapers. The study aims at illustrating differences between newspaper portrayals of Chinese outward foreign direct investment in the region, with a special focus on the possible factors that influence the editorial selection of relevant news frames on international economic news. We found that the use of conflict and economic consequence frames corresponds to the editorial distinct focuses on either geopolitical interpretations or economic interpretations of international economic news in the case of Chinese outward foreign direct investment in Latin America. We also found attitudes and perspectives adopted in the portrayals are different both on a national basis and on an editorial basis.
Expert evidence on coercive control in support of self-defence: The trial of Teresa Craig
Authors: Sheehy Elizabeth
Published: December 2017

This article uses the transcripts from an abused woman’s trial in Canada for first-degree murder of her husband to explore the expert testimony provided by Dr Evan Stark to support a potential defence of self-defence. His evidence focused on coercive control theory and provoked extreme resistance from Crown prosecutors, such that self-defence was ultimately removed from the jury’s consideration. The trial illustrates the advantages and challenges of using coercive control theory as well as its future potential.
The steady proliferation of Australia’s discretionary police-imposed patron banning powers: An unsubstantiated cycle of assertion and presumption
Authors: Farmer Clare , Curtis Ashlee , Miller Peter
Published: December 2017

Patron banning in Australia embodies a range of exclusionary measures in response to alcohol-related disorder. Patrons can be banned from licensed venues, entertainment precincts or wider public areas. Banning mechanisms remove and exclude troublesome individuals and are presumed to deter them, and others, from engaging in further problematic behaviour. The use of exclusion reflects key assumptions in relation to alcohol-related disorderly behaviour and effective management of risks to which it may give rise. However, the rationale underpinning much of the banning-related legislative and operational policing developments reflects largely unsubstantiated assertions of need and effect. Despite the steady expansion of banning powers across Australian jurisdictions there is limited oversight of their use. This article examines the expansion of police-imposed banning powers. Their discretionary, on-the-spot and permissible pre-emptive imposition has potential consequences that extend beyond the management of alcohol-related issues. Yet their use and effect has been subject to little scrutiny.
Responding to hate crime: Escalating problems, continued failings
Authors: Chakraborti Neil
Published: December 2017

The need for fresh responses to hate crime has become all the more apparent at a time when numbers of incidents have risen to record levels, both within the UK and beyond. Despite progress within the domains of scholarship and policy, these escalating levels of hate crime – and the associated increase in tensions, scapegoating and targeted hostility that accompanies such spikes – casts doubt over the effectiveness of existing measures and their capacity to address the needs of hate crime victims. This article draws from extensive fieldwork conducted with more than 2000 victims of hate crime to illustrate failings in relation to dismantling barriers to reporting, prioritizing meaningful engagement with diverse communities and delivering effective criminal justice interventions. It highlights how these failings can exacerbate the sense of distress felt by victims from a diverse range of backgrounds and communities, and calls for urgent action to plug the ever-widening chasm between state-level narratives and victims’ lived realities.
‘Kidulthood’: Ethnography, juvenile prison violence and the transition from ‘boys’ to ‘men’
Authors: Gooch Kate
Published: December 2017

The article explores how teenage boys (aged 15–18 years old) in an English young offender institution (YOI) engage in and construct prison violence. Focusing on the relationship between violence and the performance of adolescent prison masculinities, it presents three key findings. First, there are key differences between juvenile and adult prison violence (behaviour that is framed in terms of being a ‘real man’ or a ‘little boy’). Second, the performance of masculinity is complicated by the striking vulnerability of child prisoners and masks the real problems that all young people experience ‘ handling jail’. Third, the performance of ‘manhood’ is an unfinished, negotiated and incomplete work where young people exist in a state of liminality and ‘kidulthood’, catapulted into premature adulthood but retaining aspects of their childhood sensibilities and needs. Thus, gendered performances are mediated and constructed in accordance to youth and adulthood.
Transforming women’s rehabilitation? An early assessment of gender-specific provision in three Community Rehabilitation Companies
Authors: Birkett Gemma
Published: December 2017

Following the implementation of the Offender Rehabilitation Act 2014, the Transforming Rehabilitation (TR) reforms expanded the offender management market to include several private providers, known as Community Rehabilitation Companies (CRCs). The TR reforms have been the subject of intense debate since the outset. Political, academic and campaign-group commentary has critiqued the rapid implementation of the new agenda and examined its likely impact on existing services (particularly those run by the charitable sector). A growing body of research has also questioned the likely impact of the legislation on community provision for women, a field already beset with precarious funding streams. Drawing on 36 interviews conducted with probation officers and practitioners (keyworkers) working for women’s services, this article validates such concerns. While the supposed subjects of an established government strategy, it is particularly regretful to report such findings in the 10th anniversary year of Baroness Corston’s seminal report.
A Framework for Perioperative Advanced Practice
Authors: Radford Mark
Published: December 2017

The launch of the government's new nursing strategy Mating a Difference, DoH (1999), has highlighted the role that nursing will play in the future provision of healthcare in the NHS.
Anaesthesia: Breathing Circuits and Their Uses
Authors: Griffiths Rachelle , Plowes Dina
Published: December 2017

Returning to our theme of anaesthesia, Rachelle Griffiths, from Great Ormond Street, takes us through breathing circuits and their uses. A timely reminder for some, and basic information offering a handy reference for us all!