bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concept for combining LCA and hazardous building material assessment for decision support using BIM
Authors: Theißen S , Höper J , Lambertz M , Hollberg A , König H , Hollberg P
Published: September 2022

The construction and building sector is responsible for a large part of the world’s resource and energy consumption and is considered the largest global emitter of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Hazardous and toxic substances in building materials affect indoor air quality as well as the environment and thus have a high impact on human health, as we spend around 90 percent of our lives in buildings. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and hazardous building material requirements of green building certification systems allow to reduce the environmental and health impacts of building products and materials. However, they are usually very complex and time-consuming to perform and require expert knowledge to use the results for decision support. Digital approaches to support the simplified application of these methods and intuitive visualization of results are becoming increasingly important. Especially Building Information Modeling (BIM) offers a high potential for this purpose, as the integration and linking of geometric and semantic information in 3D-models for LCA and hazardous building material assessment can be done much more efficiently and intuitively. Within the scope of this work, the following three objectives were pursued (1) development of a method for combining LCA and hazardous building material assessment, (2) simplification of the results by converting them into comprehensible indicators for decision support, and (3) implementation of the method in a BIM-based digital assistant for intuitive visualization and communication. The preliminary results show a concept for combined use of LCA and hazardous building material assessment in Germany with differentiation in six use cases. A prototypical implementation as BIM-integrated digital assistant was developed for one of these use cases. For the first time, this prototype provides understandable feedback in real time of LCA and hazardous building material requirements. This research project contributes to the awareness in the context of embodied impacts and low emitting materials in buildings and advances the current digitalization potentials.
Environmental Product Declarations – an extensive collection of availability, EN15804 revision and the ILCD+EPD format
Authors: Stapel E , Tozan B , Sørensen C , Birgisdóttir H
Published: September 2022

The increasing awareness on climate issues in the built environment places a greater responsibility on the different actors to map the building emissions, reduce and optimise the use of materials, and thereby lower the environmental footprint. With several countries enforcing legally binding CO2 limits to assess and benchmark the negative environmental side effects from buildings using the LCA method, it is presumable that practitioners from the industry will look for higher availability of data found from Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs). As the availability of data more than likely will increase drastically over the years, the study provides an extensive look into the world of digitalised EPDs, and how to use the format to extract a comprehensive number of EPD data. The extraction of data from the ECO Platform leads to a total of 1478 entities, and when adding EPDs from EPD Denmark this study scrutinises 1644 EPDs in total, from 4 EPD Program Operators (EPD-POs). The extraction process highlights the need for transparency and more mutual agreements in the documentation methods. Further, the study scratches the surface of the revised European EPD Standard EN15804, and what the changes and the transition will mean for the applicability and transparency in the building sector and for LCA models when the majority of emissions from GWP will increase.
Circular economy digital market solutions for reuse in the European construction sector
Authors: Sivers M , Fröhlich M , Fivet C
Published: September 2022

Focusing on the cross-matching supply and demand for reused building components and related services, the paper analyses existing Digital Reuse Market Solutions (DRMS) in the European construction sector. A collection of 746 DRMS is built from major online circular economy platforms and custom online search queries. A taxonomy of 9 categories and 28 types is then extracted based on the activities of collected DRMS. Nearly half (46%) of collected DRMS are proper dealers of reused building components. Traditional building component dealers and demolition companies account for another third (32.8%). The rest is made of marketplaces, craftmanship, and providers of related services and knowledge. Only 13.4% of all collected DRMS allow online payment for goods or services.
A Pathway to Climate Neutral Buildings: Definitions, Policy and Stakeholder Understanding in Sweden and China
Authors: Wang X , Teigland R , Hollberg A
Published: September 2022

In recent years, ‘climate neutral buildings’ has become one of the most popular emerging terms in the context of global warming and the built environment. However, due to a vague definition, the term still lacks real-world uptake in practice. While initial research focuses on ‘climate neutral buildings’, few have discussed this term from the perspective of different countries or stakeholders. To address this gap, this paper explores the current understanding and future development of the term ‘climate neutral buildings’ in Sweden and China. Through a literature review of related definitions, an investigation of current regulations, and stakeholder interviews in both countries, we find that Sweden and China are in different stages of development towards climate neutral buildings. Sweden seems to surpass China in terms of theoretical research, regulation development and stakeholder understanding. Despite this, the two countries share similar issues regarding the future development of climate neutral buildings. Both countries lack an official interpretation of ‘climate neutral buildings’, sufficient regulations, and collaborations among different stakeholders. This paper suggests a foundation for the future development of climate neutral buildings.
Land use and trip production model in central and peri-urban Semarang to anticipate land use conversion in post pandemic era
Authors: Basuki Y , Rahayu S
Published: September 2022

The development of core and peri-urban Semarang has land use conversion that increases human mobility. If this phenomenon is not well anticipated, it will cause transportation problems such as inefficiency of energy, and pollution. After the pandemic, the urban activity will be normal, and land use conversion will be more extensive again. A transportation model is needed to understand the land use that most influences the movement. This article aims to formulate a mathematical model that can identify land uses that affect trips or movement. To build a model, data on trip production in each village in core and peri-urban Semarang as the dependent variable and the various land use as independent variables. The regression model obtained by D = 0.009 residence + 1432.529 with R2 0.597. in the core of Semarang and D = 0.004 residence – 991.223 with R2 0.791 in peri-urban. The results of this model show that the most influential type in causing trip attraction is residential land use both in peri-urban and in core Semarang with a different coefficient. According to these findings, it requires more attention from the Semarang City Government to regulate land use in anticipation of transportation problems.
A literature review of dual disaster challenges for resilient office building toward reducing disaster risks
Authors: Zakaria N H , Tobi S U M , Othman N
Published: September 2022

Flood is acknowledged as the most common natural disaster in several parts of the globe. For Malaysia, flood is considered as the most frequent natural disaster, with the frequency of at least once a year. The risks of flood can be seen through property loss and damages, infrastructure casualties, and disruption to socio-economic activities. Adding to that, Malaysia also faced the flood during the pandemic when it hit several states, namely Pahang, Johor, and Kelantan, during the monsoon season in 2020 and 2021, amid the rising cases of Covid-19. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges for disaster response, calling for the “new norms” to be quickly established for better disaster risk reduction. Several mitigation strategies have been taken by the government to reduce the risks of floods in Malaysia. As office buildings possess important roles in delivering effective services to the public while maintaining their critical documents, this paper focuses on providing related literature on building resilience. Having an early understanding of the core elements of office building resilience in dual disaster challenges will provide the basis for further investigation in the later stage of data collection.
Climate Change Impact on the Coastal Settlement Quality and the Relation with the Attainment of Semarang Healthy City
Authors: Dewi Santy Paulla , Wungo Grandy Loranessa , Susanti Retno , Sariffuddin Sariffuddin
Published: September 2022

Climate change affects the increase in air temperature, making the dry season hotter and the humidity decrease; the difficulty of obtaining clean water and high rainfall makes the frequency of tidal waves and floods higher. This situation is placed in Tanjung Mas, a coastal village in Semarang City. Tidal flood worsens the environmental quality of community settlements, coupled with poor water quality, high population density, and unhabitable housing, making the risk of transmission of both water-borne and vector-borne diseases surge. The situation above reflects that achieving healthy city efforts is challenging for the Semarang City government and the community because of climate change. Hence, this study reveals the impact of climate change on the settlement quality that influences the healthy city achievement. This study uses qualitative methods that rely on secondary data from the government agencies’ websites and the internet. The analysis results showed that the quality of settlements in Tanjung Mas has decreased along with climate change. The community, especially the elderly and children, are also increasingly susceptible to exposure to diseases, as indicated by significant cases of diarrhea and pneumonia. Therefore, achieving a healthy city from the settlements and healthy infrastructure indicators is still not optimal.
Bioretention Basin, Rain Garden, and Swales Track Concepts through Vegetated-WSUD: Sustainable Rural Stormwater Management in Klaten Regency
Authors: Ristianti Novia Sari , Bashit Nurhadi , Ulfiana Desyta , Windarto Yudi Eko
Published: September 2022

The rural area is one area with a vital function as a food producer towards food security which urgently needs sustainable stormwater management. However, the challenge of sustainable stormwater management is climate change. WSUD is one of the most influential sustainable stormwater because WSUD can control the hydrological cycle and water quality through local facilities. Vegetated WSUD is a practical application of WSUD in regulating stormwater management because it is easy to apply. Vegetated-WSUD consists of a bioretention basin, rain garden, and swales track. Klaten Regency is an area in the province of Central Java that is ranked 9th in the highest drought level in Indonesia, and eleven sub-districts are prone to flooding. On the other hand, Klaten Regency is the largest producer of rice suppliers in Central Java which requires sustainable stormwater management. The research aims to formulate a design simulation model through bioretention, rain garden, and swales track through WSUD to achieve sustainable rural stormwater management. The research method used is quantitative with map overlay and design mapping. The research outputs determine the location feasibility and design model application of vegetated-WSUD in the Klaten Regency. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional design model consists of space requirements, placement, and vegetation types from each bioretention basin, rain garden, and swales track.
Revealing Cost and Benefit of Vegetative Approach to Mitigate Riverbank Landslide in Semarang Coastal Villages
Authors: Dewi S P , Kurniati R
Published: September 2022

Landslide mitigation efforts through a vegetative approach have not been entrenched in the community, including in Semarang Coastal Villages. This condition happened due to several things, such as the lack of public understanding about the importance of reforesting river borders, the lack of understanding of reforestation, and the unclear benefits the community of river reforestation will receive. Although no specific approach can prevent landslides, the vegetative approach is one of the prevention strategies that tend to be easy to do and has a low cost. Therefore, the vegetative approach is a feasible strategy to be proposed, where the current government is also encouraging the application of this approach to prevent landslides as well as community empowerment. This study aims to identify the costs and benefits of implementing a vegetative approach to prevent landslides in the coastal area of Semarang City, knowing the socio-economic benefits the community may receive from the vegetative approach. It is hoped that it can increase community participation, especially among the local coastal people in Semarang City, which belong to the middle to lower economic community. The analytical method used is the cost-benefit analysis method by comparing the number of benefits and costs studied from the implementation process of the vegetative approach from beginning to maintenance. The data used in this study is secondary data such as existing land use, river border area, plant species, and population. The expected result is the feasibility of applying a vegetative approach in riverbank areas that compares the number of social and economic benefits and socio-economic costs. By knowing the feasibility, it can also be determined how the socio-economic capacity of the community to implement the approach.
Monotonicity results for non-autonomous dynamical systems: The case of a general convex cone
Authors: Gajardo Pedro , Seeger Alberto
Published: September 2022

Let

K
K

be a closed convex cone in the state space

R

n

\mathbb {R}^n

. This note characterizes the

K
K

-monotonicity of a non-autonomous dynamical system

x
˙

(
t
)
=
f
(
t
,
x
(
t
)
)

\dot x (t) = f(t,x(t))

governed by a locally Lipschitz velocity field. We deviate from the classical literature in two important ways. Firstly, the velocity field

f
f

is not required to be differentiable with respect to the state variables. And, secondly, the closed convex cone

K
K

is allowed to be absolutely general. In particular, we impose neither pointedness, nor solidity.
On extension of uniformly continuous quasiconvex functions
Authors: De Bernardi Carlo , Veselý Libor
Published: September 2022

We show that each uniformly continuous quasiconvex function defined on a subspace of a normed spaceXXadmits a uniformly continuous quasiconvex extension to the wholeXXwith the same “invertible modulus of continuity”. This implies an analogous extension result for Lipschitz quasiconvex functions, preserving the Lipschitz constant.

We also show that each uniformly continuous quasiconvex function defined on a uniformly convex setA⊂XA\subset Xadmits a uniformly continuous quasiconvex extension to the wholeXX. However, our extension need not preserve moduli of continuity in this case, and a Lipschitz quasiconvex function onAAmay admit no Lipschitz quasiconvex extension toXXat all.
Scattering for the cubic Schrödinger equation in 3D with randomized radial initial data
Authors: Camps Nicolas
Published: September 2022

We obtain almost-sure scattering for the Schrödinger equation with a defocusing cubic nonlinearity in the Euclidean space

R

3

\mathbb {R}^3

, with randomized radially-symmetric initial data at some supercritical regularity scales. Since we make no smallness assumption, our result generalizes the work of Bényi, Oh and Pocovnicu [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. Ser. B 2 (2015), pp. 1–50]. It also extends the results of Dodson, Lührmann and Mendelson [Adv. Math. 347 (2019), pp. 619–676] on the energy-critical equation in

R

4

\mathbb {R}^4

, to the energy-subcritical equation in

R

3

\mathbb {R}^3

. In this latter setting, even if the nonlinear Duhamel term enjoys a stochastic smoothing effect which makes it subcritical, it still has infinite energy. In the present work, we first develop a stability theory from the deterministic scattering results below the energy space, due to Colliander, Keel, Staffilani, Takaoka and Tao. Then, we propose a globalization argument in which we set up the

I
I

-method with a Morawetz bootstrap in a stochastic setting. To our knowledge, this is the first almost-sure scattering result for an energy-subcritical Schrödinger equation outside the small data regime.
Some applications of Menke’s JSJ decomposition for symplectic fillings
Authors: Christian Austin , Li Youlin
Published: September 2022

We apply Menke’s JSJ decomposition for symplectic fillings to several families of contact 3-manifolds. Among other results, we complete the classification up to orientation-preserving diffeomorphism of strong symplectic fillings of lens spaces. We show that exact symplectic fillings of contact manifolds obtained by surgery on certain Legendrian negative cables are the result of attaching a Weinstein 2-handle to an exact filling of a lens space. For large families of contact structures on Seifert fibered spaces over

S
2

S^2

, we reduce the problem of classifying exact symplectic fillings to the same problem for universally tight or canonical contact structures. Finally, virtually overtwisted circle bundles over surfaces with genus greater than one and negative twisting number are seen to have unique exact fillings.
Toward the group completion of the Burau representation
Authors: Morava Jack , Rolfsen Dale
Published: September 2022

Following Boardman-Vogt, McDuff, Segal, and others, we construct a monoidal topological groupoid or space of finite subsets of the plane, and interpret the Burau representation of knot theory as a topological quantum field theory defined on it. Its determinant or writhe is an invertible braided monoidal TQFT which group completes to define a Hopkins-Mahowald model for integral homology as an

E
2

E_2

Thom spectrum. We use these ideas to construct an infinite cyclic (Alexander) cover for the space of finite subsets of

C

\mathbb {C}

, and we argue that the TQFT defined by Burau is closely related to the SU(2)-valued Wess-Zumino-Witten model for string theory on

R

+
3

\mathbb {R}^3_+

.
On spectral properties of the Schreier graphs of the Thompson group 𝐹
Authors: Dudko Artem , Grigorchuk Rostislav
Published: September 2022

In this article we study spectral properties of the family of Schreier graphs associated to the action of the Thompson group

F
F

on the interval

[
0
,
1
]

[0,1]

. In particular, we describe spectra of Laplace type operators associated to these Schreier graphs and calculate certain spectral measures associated to the Schreier graph

Υ
\Upsilon

of the orbit of

1

/

2

1/2

. As a byproduct we calculate the asymptotics of the return probabilities of the simple random walk on

Υ
\Upsilon

starting at

1

/

2

1/2

. In addition, given a Laplace type operator

L
L

on a tree-like graph we study relations between the spectral measures of

L
L

associated to delta functions of different vertices and the spectrum of

L
L

.
Sec18 supports membrane fusion by promoting Sec17 membrane association
Authors: Orr Amy , Wickner William
Published: September 2022

Sec18, bound at a distance from membranes, lowers the Sec17 needed for fusion. To do this, Sec18 complexes with several Sec17 molecules, allowing Sec17 to bind membranes through its N-terminal apolar loop. Membrane-bound Sec17 engages SNAREs to directly promote fusion, bypassing the need for complete SNARE zippering.
Familization of Lone-Founder Firms: Highlights from Asian Firms
Authors: Min Yijie , Zhang Yanlong , Park Sun Hyun
Published: September 2022

Family firms can either be “born” or “made.” Although previous studies suggest that most of the family firms in the US context are “born,” family firms can be “made” by the founder’s decision to invite family members to the management. We conceptualize this process of family firm emergence as familization, during which lone-founders’ family influence increases as more family members are appointed to director and/or executive positions. Transition from lone-founder-control to family-control is often accompanied by significant changes in governance structure, strategic decisions, and firm performance. This work documents the pervasiveness and heterogeneity of the familization process and proposes an analytical framework covering four research areas associated with the phenomenon: the antecedents that motivate founders to choose the familization path, the familization process involving internal and external firm constituents, the consequences of familization decision, and the potential moderators of the familization impact. To better understand these theoretical perspectives, an explorative empirical investigation is conducted based on a sample of Chinese-listed firms that experienced familization. Familization cases in other Asian emerging economies were also discussed in comparison with the family firms in Western economies.
Development and Effects of Internet Addiction in China
Authors: Jiang Qiaolei
Published: September 2022

Internet addiction is a growing social issue in many societies worldwide. With the largest number of Internet users worldwide, China has witnessed the growth of the Internet along with the development and effects of Internet addiction, especially among the young. Originally reported anecdotally in mass media, Internet addiction has become an issue of great public concern after more than 20 years. The process of Internet addiction as an emerging risk in the Chinese context can be a showcase for risks related to information and communication technologies (ICTs), health, and everyday life. The term Internet addiction was first coined in the Western context and has since been recognized as a technology-driven social problem in China. Plenty of anecdotes, increasing academic research, and public awareness and concerns have put the threat of Internet addiction firmly on the policy agenda. Therefore, for prevention and intervention, research projects, rehab facilities, welfare services, and self-help programs have spread all over the country, and related regulations, policies, and laws have changed accordingly. Although controversies remain, through the staging of, and coping with, Internet addiction, people can better understand China’s digital natives and contemporary life.
Hyper-Precarious Labor: Transnational Domestic Work
Authors: Kaur-Gill Satveer , Dutta Mohan Jyoti
Published: September 2022

Transnational domestic work occurs in migration regimes that create hyper-precarious conditions for migrant workers performing care work. These hyper-precarious conditions produce intersecting marginalizing conditions that amplify inequalities and limit the mobility of migrant domestic workers, despite their movement from home to host country. The intersections of nationality, gender, race, socioeconomic status, and migration status reify the hyper-precarities faced while performing domestic work, giving rise to layers of communicative inequalities facing migrant domestic workers in the host country.
Race and Ethnicity in the South Asian American Diaspora
Authors: Pathak Archana A. , Singh Shivani
Published: September 2022

Though not much has been written about the South Asian diaspora and race in the U.S., that which has been written is germinal work. [existing list here] among others are works that serve as the foundations for this essay.

As South Asia is a broad category with complex diversity that is further complicated when exploring the diaspora, it is not truly possible to write about it as a homogeneous group. To effectively explore South Asian U.S. diaspora and its relationship to race, one must examine focuses on South Asian racialization vis-à-vis U.S. laws; the South Asian diaspora’s complexities marked by class, caste, religion, region, nation, migratory generation, migrational cohort, and migratory trajectories; and the ways that they are collapsed, erased, and/or misarticulated, to shape the communities’ racial and ethnic trajectory in the United States. There are, however, connective threads among the diaspora. One such thread is the model minority narrative. This narrative is a highly racialized concept, as articulated by several scholars, including S. Bhatia & A. Ram, A. Bhatt, E. Chou & J. Feagin, S. Koshy, Lopez, Mahalingam and A. Pathak have articulated that this is a highly racialized concept. This narrative has been deployed to evade racial identification in the U.S. Black–White spectrum and the ways in which that deployment collapsed in the face of September 11, 2001, this narrative has often been deployed to evade racial identification in the U.S. Black-White race spectrum. It is important to examine how that deployment collapsed in face of September 11, 2001, which was a watershed moment that brought South Asians and Muslims under scrutiny by dominant groups, especially in terms of race. Up against that scrutiny, it is important examine the interplay of the violence against South Asians and Muslims and the violence against Black/African Americans, especially with the emergence of Black Lives Matter, as these moments illuminate how communities of color both navigate how to stand in solidarity with each other, while confronting how anti-Blackness functions within the South Asian diaspora. These conversations about race and racism in the United States are occurring in concert with conversations of casteism, anti-Dalit discrimination, Islamophobia, and rampant violence against minority groups in South Asia. South Asians are simultaneously confronting their own histories around discrimination and violence as they experience the historical trajectory of racial violence in the United States.

The South Asian diaspora is at a precipice of change regarding how it names itself in terms of race and ethnicity, how it participates in the sociopolitical landscape of the United States, and how it reckons with its own regional histories and oppressions.
The Invention of Race in Turkey
Authors: deTar Matthew
Published: September 2022

Racial thinking in the late Ottoman Empire and Turkey emerged out of a vast global network of hegemonic discourses. Modernity, colonialism, nationalism, and racism are mutually constitutive discourses with respect to their historical emergence in Europe, but they are also mutually constitutive as they emerge in other specific locations. Racisms that emerge subsequent and analogous to European racism help indicate the specific necessary connections among these kinds of broad overlapping discourses. The exploration of racism in Turkey holds significant potential for communication scholars as a means of refining theories of racism that do not typically focus on non-Western racism.

The historical emergence of racism and racial thinking in Turkey also shaped the structure and content of Turkish nationalist history, making certain chronologies and “history-of-ideas” approaches to Turkish historiography fraught scholarly pursuits. Even explorations of the origins of the term Turk reflect this racial thinking, because the Turk concept only began circulating in the late Ottoman empire and early Turkish Republic alongside race science as the name of an ancient race. Race science is, however, only one domain of knowledge production and human experience, and it is not solely responsible for the invention of Turk as a race. Rather, modernization narratives of the 19th-century Ottoman Empire, a catastrophic series of wars in the Balkans, and contact with European nationalisms all uniquely helped establish racial thinking as a hegemonic discourse prior to the foundation of the Turkish Republic. More significantly, the horrors of the Armenian Genocide, the massive Greek population exchange, and policies of forced migration and assimilation toward Kurds during and after World War I materially established the hegemony of Turkish racial discourse and the presumed reality of a Turkish race itself.

In the context of these events, Turkish nationalism must be understood not simply through its own idealistic lens as a project of civic republicanism, but instead as a discourse that emerged in connection with colonialist logics, racism, and modernity. Just as scholars have argued that European modernity is constitutively linked to colonialism and racism, Turkish nationalism embarked on a “modernizing” project beholden to colonialism and racism. Communication scholars interested in both the constitutive dimensions of discourse and the knowledge-producing effect of “universalization” as it appears in discourses like modernity, colonialism, racism, and nationalism will find that the Turkish historical encounter with these discourses offers important insight into the operation of universalization itself.
Film as Fieldwork
Authors: Pedelty Mark , Roy Elja
Published: September 2022

This article is about making media as a method for studying media, specifically focusing on film. Production-based methodologies can be particularly revelatory, especially when it comes to better understanding aspects of media production that might not be accessible via textual methods and audience ethnography alone. Scholars in communication studies, media sociology, media anthropology, media literacy pedagogy, and film studies have argued that a praxis combining media production and reflexive analysis can help us to better understand “backstage” realities that are less accessible to textual analysis and audience research methodologies. Who or what “authors” a film? Working as a scholar–producer can usefully complicate notions of authorship in the field of media studies, moving the field from an implicit auteur model (the media “text” as “authored”) to more complex understandings of the collective and institutional processes involved in most filmmaking, and in media production more broadly. Production-oriented methods are advancing as new media scholars, accustomed to making media, enter the academy.
Methodological and Statistical Considerations in Studying Sexual Minority and Gender Diverse Relationships
Authors: León Gabriel A. , Randall Ashley K.
Published: September 2022

Increasing the representation of diverse voices in relationship science requires statistical methodologies that are inclusive of individuals in relationships who identify as a sexual minority (i.e., lesbian, gay, or bisexual) or gender diverse (i.e., transgender, nonbinary, genderqueer, etc.) individuals. Research questions related to the initiation, development, and maintenance of romantic relationships for these individuals should be explored using quantitative methods that are sensitive to diversity and individual differences within a population. Analytical tools relevant to the study of interdependent, yet indistinguishable dyads, including references to extended technical guides for those wishing to conduct this work are presented.
The Social Brain
Authors: Olson Halie , D'Mello Anila
Published: September 2022

Humans are fundamentally social animals, and a large portion of the human brain is dedicated to social cognition—the set of mental functions and processes that scaffold our ability to observe, understand, and interact with others. While early philosophers and scientists relied on observation or isolated cases of brain damage to gain insight into social cognition, the advent of new technologies, including noninvasive neuroimaging, has opened a new window into the brain regions that support social cognition in humans, referred to as the social brain. These technologies have elucidated with new precision that individual brain regions are specialized for a variety of social functions including comprehending language, processing faces and emotions, anticipating what a social partner might do next, and even thinking about others’ thoughts. While the building blocks for the social brain are present from birth, individual regions continue to develop into adulthood and are shaped by experience.
Sexual Orientation (LGBTQ+) Issues in I&O Psychology
Authors: Webster Jennica , Trau Raymond
Published: September 2022

People who identify as sexual and gender minorities (SGMs), such as those who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, or queer (LGBTIQ), are an increasingly visible and vital segment of the work force. This community has begun to attract the attention of organizational decision-makers and practitioners who recognize the value that SGM inclusion has on “bottom-line” outcomes and acknowledge the moral imperative of creating equitable and inclusive workplaces. Although still under-researched, scholars have begun to theorize and empirically study the work experiences of SGM individuals. Much of the research in this area calls attention to the formal discrimination in hiring, promotions, and leadership evaluations as well as interpersonal discrimination in the form of harassment and microaggressions that SGM employees experience. These types of discrimination are most often predicted by others’ sexual prejudice and traditional gender-role stereotypes regarding people and jobs, and are more likely to be enacted by men. Because SGM status is often concealable, some SGM employees manage their identity as one way to avoid direct discrimination. Research examining workers’ decisions and disclosing, concealing, and otherwise managing their SGM identity at work finds that SGM employees who hold favorable perceptions of their own identity and anticipate favorable reactions from others are more likely to disclose at work. Fortunately, not all experiences that SGMs have at work are negative. Many straight or cisgender employees befriend, support, and actively advocate for their SGM colleagues. This support and allyship, along with organizational factors, such as antidiscrimination policies and favorable climates for SGM diversity, are related to positive outcomes for individuals and organizations. Also of note is that these workplace experiences of SGM individuals occur within a broader social context that includes societal attitudes and legal/regulatory mechanisms.
Restorative Justice in Youth and Adult Criminal Justice
Authors: Wood William R. , Suzuki Masahiro , Hayes Hennessey
Published: September 2022

Restorative justice is an innovative justice response to crime and offending that takes many forms such as victim-offender meetings, family group conferencing and youth justice conferencing, and sentencing or peacemaking circles. While restorative practices are used in a wide variety of contexts such as schools and workplaces to respond to and resolve conflict, restorative justice practices are predominantly used within criminal and youth justice. Key goals of restorative justice include (a) meeting victim needs of participation in justice processes and redress for harms caused to them, (b) asking wrongdoers to be accountable and actively responsible for making amends to victims and other they have harmed, and (c) involving primary and community stakeholders in restorative practices that repair harms to victims, promote offender reintegration, and enhance community safety and well-being. Existing research shows that restorative justice consistently meets most of these goals better than conventional court practices. However, restorative justice also appears to work better in some cases than in others, and also faces several limitations and challenges within its use in criminal justice systems. Limitations include dependence of restorative justice on state justice apparatuses for definitions of harm, and lack of fact-finding mechanisms that render most uses of restorative justice as diversionary or postadjudicative responses to offending. Challenges include lack of agreement on the aims and goals of restorative justice theoretically and in practice, administrative dilution and co-option of restorative aims and goals within increased institutionalization in criminal justice agencies, and uncertainty about the ability of restorative justice to redress harms situated within social-structural forms of violence and oppression such as gendered violence and systemic racism.
Policing and Gender
Authors: Brown Katharine L. , Todak Natalie
Published: September 2022

Given policing’s hypermasculine subculture, organizational structure based on hegemonic masculinity, and persistent lack of diversity among police forces nationwide, it is clear that gender has been an influential force in policing since its inception. However, while the issue has interested scholars for decades, countless questions persist surrounding its role in perpetuating many of the social problems facing policing today, such as the following: Would hiring more women and gender-nonconforming officers improve citizen perceptions of police? Would it result in more positive interactions and outcomes between citizens and police officers? How do citizen and officer gender dynamics shape the outcomes of interactions and cases, particularly gendered cases such as intimate partner violence and sexual assault? Can LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer) liaison officers help to mend decades of tension between police and queer communities? Each of these gender-related questions and more have implications for the experiences of police officers, organizations, and communities and for the future of American policing overall.
The Processing of Hydrodynamic Stimuli With the Fish Lateral Line System
Authors: Mogdans Joachim
Published: September 2022

All fish have a mechanosensory lateral line system for the detection of hydrodynamic stimuli. It is thus not surprising that the lateral line system is involved in numerous behaviors, including obstacle avoidance, localization of predators and prey, social communication, and orientation in laminar and turbulent flows. The sensory units of the lateral line system are the neuromasts, which occur freestanding on the skin (superficial neuromasts) and within subdermal canals (canal neuromasts). The canals are in contact with the surrounding water through a series of canal pores. Neuromasts consist of a patch of sensory hair cells covered by a gelatinous cupula. Water flow causes cupula motion, which in turn leads to a change in the hair cells’ receptor potentials and a subsequent change in the firing rate of the innervating afferent nerve fibers. These fibers encode velocity, direction, and vorticity of water motions by means of spike trains. They project predominantly to lateral line neurons in the brainstem for further processing of the received hydrodynamic signals. From the brainstem, lateral line information is transferred to the cerebellum and to midbrain and forebrain nuclei, where lateral line information is integrated with information from other sensory modalities to create a three-dimensional image of the hydrodynamic world surrounding the animal.

For fish to determine spatial location and identity of a wave source as well as direction and velocity of water movements, the lateral line system must analyze the various types of hydrodynamic stimuli that fish are exposed to in their natural habitat. Natural hydrodynamic stimuli include oscillatory water motions generated by stationary vibratory sources, such as by small crustaceans; complex water motions produced by animate or inanimate moving objects, such as by swimming fish; bulk water flow in rivers and streams; and water flow containing vortices generated at the edges of objects in a water flow. To uncover the mechanisms that underlie the coding of hydrodynamic information by the lateral line system, neurophysiological experiments have been performed at the level of the primary afferent nerve fibers, but also in the central nervous system, predominantly in the brainstem and midbrain, using sinusoidally vibrating spheres, moving objects, vortex rings, bulk water flow, and Kármán vortex streets as wave sources. Unravelling these mechanisms is fundamental to understanding how the fish brain uses hydrodynamic information to adequately guide behavior.
Education Research on Developmental Social Cognition in Children and Adolescence
Authors: Bosacki Sandra
Published: September 2022

Educational research on how children and adolescents make sense of the social world and how this social–cognitive ability develops across time and cultural contexts remains in its infancy. An important question for psychoeducators and developmentalists is how to best measure the diverse multidimensional and interconnected social–cognitive skills among children and youth. Research that explores social–cognitive skills such as theory of mind (ToM), self-regulation, and moral reasoning such as deception within the context of education explores this question. ToM refers to the ability to understand others’ mental states to explain behavior, and self-regulation refers to the ability to regulate or control one’s thoughts, emotions, and actions. The measurement of multidimensional topics such as self-regulation and ToM is important for educators to help students learn important life skills such as perspective-taking and empathy. Such social reasoning skills will help students navigate the complex social landscape of the school.

Multidisciplinary, transcultural, and mixed-method longitudinal studies provide fruitful investigations into the development of social–cognitive abilities and how this plays a role in children and adolescents developing a sense of self, relationships, and their understanding of others as intentional beings. Further systematic research is needed to explore the role of social–cognitive and metacognitive processes within young people’s personal, social, and educational worlds.

In summary, future research needs to explore new interdisciplinary and dynamic developmental frameworks that aim to ignite new theories and empirical tests that build on extant models of neurobiological susceptibility and child and adolescent brain development. To advance research in applied developmental social neuroscience, interdisciplinary collaboration among developmental cognitive neuroscientists, educators, and clinicians must increase. For example, developmental scientists who work with cross-cultural, longitudinal samples could be recruited for scanning, whereas neuroscientists’ extant data sets could be made accessible to developmental scientists and educators. Such shared research could then be applied to the educational setting and provide opportunities for prevention and intervention models and assessment tools aimed to foster young people’s social–cognitive development.
Black Literacy Education in the United States
Authors: Willis Arlette Ingram
Published: September 2022

Globally, nations have sanctioned histories, or versions of history, that they promote and use to indoctrinate the masses, usually from a flattering and narrow point of view that justifies actions and frames events based on a belief, ideology, philosophy, or value. There are multiple histories in every nation, histories among those who are not in power, that are dismissed, ignored, minimized, or removed; and this is especially true for people of African descent. Disentangling the interwoven histories of the past to provide a more accurate, honest, and thoughtful explanation is a necessary undertaking.

History is informed by those with a ready pen, and histories of United States education and literacy are no exception. These histories also are framed by the ideological, political, and social contexts and supports, of a select version of history. In short, histories tell a story, not necessarily the story. Within the history of education and literacy in the United States, the lives and literacy of people of African descent have been diminished, mischaracterized, unreported, and undervalued.

People of African descent possessed and used literacy prior to their arrival in the ‘New World’ from varying regions of Africa and prior to enslavement in the United States. Too often, Black literacy education, from the 1600s to the present, has not been informed by Black scholarship or an acknowledgment of the anti-Black racism and anti-literacy laws, policies, and statutes used to legally obstruct literacy access for Black people. Black historians seek to understand how beliefs, ideologies, and values framed and influenced Black literacy access. To do so, they have examined federal and state primary source documents and have interrogated written records describing the beliefs, ideology, and reasoning used to codify anti-Black racism and anti-literacy laws, policies, and statutes. Documents help to clarify how initial and repeated reasoning is used to justify patterns of behavior and maintenance of anti-literacy policies. Counternarratives informed by Black writers of articles, broadsides, essays, newspapers, novels, poems, slave narratives, and scholarship provide an alternative perspective on the history of Black literacy education. Vignettes celebrate and convey a rich history of Black people’s resilience and struggle for equitable literacy education from the late 1600s to the present, as the struggle continues.
Albert Luthuli
Authors: Vinson Robert
Published: September 2022

Albert Luthuli, president of the African National Congress (ANC), South Africa’s leading anti-apartheid organization, became the first African-born recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in December 1961. During Luthuli’s presidency (1952–1967), the ANC became a mass organization, articulating a broad, inclusive African nationalism and leading the Congress Alliance, a multiracial, multi-ideological anti-apartheid coalition that shared Luthuli’s vision of a democratic, equitable South Africa. The Prize recognized Luthuli’s Gandhian strategy to end South African apartheid, state-sanctioned laws and policies designed particularly to ensure White supremacist racial domination over the African majority, who were approximately 75 percent of the country’s population. The Nobel also reflected Luthuli’s success in portraying apartheid as a crime against humanity that violated the 1948 United Nations Declaration of Human Rights and to contextualize South Africa’s anti-apartheid struggle as central to expanding global human-rights campaigns. The Nobel Peace Prize cemented Luthuli’s enduring image as an uncompromising advocate of nonviolence who—during intense debates in 1960 and 1961 within the anti-apartheid movement about the relative efficacy of violent and nonviolent tactics against an increasingly violent apartheid state—remained implacably opposed to Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), which eventually became the ANC’s armed wing. But recently available archival documents, along with autobiographical accounts and oral interviews reveal that Luthuli accepted and authorized MK while insisting that the ANC maintain its official nonviolent position. In retrospect, the Nobel Prize was the apogee of Luthuli’s global renown, as increasingly restrictive state bans limited his ability to participate in political activity. Despite Luthuli’s tragic and still-controversial 1967 death, the ANC survived lethal state repression to become in 1994 the first democratically elected governing party in South African history. But Africa’s first Nobel Peace Prize winner eventually became overshadowed by younger ANC leaders Oliver Tambo and Nelson Mandela. This article aims to recover Luthuli from relative historical obscurity and highlight his key leadership of the ANC as it transformed into a mass anti-apartheid movement and his revolutionary belief that apartheid South Africa could become one of the world’s first truly multiracial democracies.