bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Burden to Benefit
Authors: Jerry Anthony R.
Published: November 2024

This essay draws on participant observation and focused interviews to compare two San Diego–based nonprofit organizations (a Spanish immersion charter school and a Mexican Indigenous community organization) to question the capacity and the limitations of the nonprofit structure—specifically the 501(c)(3) tax designation—to transform various social burdens into benefits for the organizations’ constituents. The term burden is used here to refer to those forms of difference that have yet to be incorporated into our social and political institutions, and therefore can lower the overall quality of life for those who are forced to shoulder the weight of their own difference. I approach the not-for-profit sector as a useful mechanism for transferring many of the state’s social and economic obligations for serving marginalized communities to a broader sector of the general public. Individual and group social burden can then be transformed into benefit for those who are in a structural position to exploit tax incentives, the symbolic benefits of community service or volunteerism, or the various forms of paid employment facilitated by the nongovernmental sector. However, I argue that the nonprofit structure can be less useful to those communities that are not in a structural position to exploit the economic benefits brought about by the nonprofit organizational structure and who are forced to continue to embody the social burdens associated with difference and exclusion in our society. This essay seeks to help Latinx activists and social entrepreneurs understand when the nonprofit should be considered as an appropriate structure for organizations focused on addressing the needs of marginalized racial and ethnic communities.
From the Chicana/o Movement to the Immigrant Rights Movement
Authors: Márquez Lorena V.
Published: November 2024

This essay examines the transition between two Chicanx/Latinx political periods in the late twentieth century—the Chicana/o movement and the immigrant rights movement. It argues that the 1980s were a transformative decade in ethnic Mexican identity and political positioning in the United States due, in large part, to the passage of the federal Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) in 1986. The essay charts how the immigrant rights movement emerged and how it had historical links to the Chicana/o movement, but how it also became an entity of its own, breaking from its predecessor. To map the significance of the changing political consciousness, the essay briefly anchors the Chicana/o movement to immigrant rights. Next, it claims that the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) provided a catalyst for Chicanx/Latinxs to organize under the premise of immigrant rights. Finally, it examines the shift in political formation during the 1994 anti–Proposition 187 campaign in Southern California. On the heels of Proposition 187’s thirtieth anniversary, this essay is particularly timely because it demonstrates how social movements build and evolve to continue to make their demands on nation-states.
Kinship of the Flesh
Authors: Zárate Salvador
Published: November 2024

Deportations during the Obama era, along with antimigrant state legislation, such as SB 1070 in Arizona, made family separation a palpable reality for undocumented migrants at the end of the first decade of the twentieth-first century. A timely rebuke, Chris Weitz’s film A Better Life (2011) tells the story of a father and son whose hopes for a better life, planted in the Southern California gardening economy, are razed by deportation and family separation. This essay demonstrates how the film’s “authentic” depiction of the struggles of undocumented communities, gleaned from collaboration with Latinx and migrant NGOs in Los Angeles, has its lynchpin in what I term the carceral-ethnographic extractive, an ethnographic and filmic modality of life extraction integral to the accumulative strategies of a racial, capitalist, carceral state. Bringing Latinx studies to bear on racial theories of (de)valuation, this essay contends that A Better Life champions a migrants’ rights model that further cements citizenship as the primary arm of a violent settler racial state. I propose a kinship of the flesh to counter the film’s neoliberal multicultural logic by reexamining how the privatized economies of migrant family separation are grounded in the country’s foundational extractive histories of US kinship violation.
Trends of the development of legislation and doctrine of private law regarding organizational and legal forms of legal entities
Authors: Zozuliak Olha , Paruta Yuliia
Published: November 2024

The article raises certain issues in the light of the recodification of the Civil Code of Ukraine. One of the aspects of the research is legal approaches regarding the procedure for determining the organizational and legal forms of legal entities. Attention is focused on the fact that all developments in the study of organizational and legal forms of a legal entity can be divided into three concepts.Accordingly, the first concept mediates an approach according to which it is allowed to select several organizational and legal forms of legal entities, with the maximum grouping of them according to certain characteristics.The second concept involves the use of an open list of organizational and legal forms of a legal entity. At the same time, what is problematic in this concept is that legal entities are often attributed to an independent organizational and legal form due to their individualizing features. However, such signs are not sufficient to distinguish an independent organizational and legal form, instead, it is worth dividing by species.The third concept consists of a closed list of organizational and legal forms of a legal entity with a corresponding dichotomous division into companies and institutions.The authors of the article stand in solidarity with the developers of the Concept in that the legal regulation of organizational and legal forms should be developed in the direction of a closed list of organizational and legal forms of legal entities - companies and institutions.It is emphasized the need to systematize those legal entities that are part of the organizational and legal form «institution», because institutions, foundations, individual legal entities of public law operating in the organizational and legal form of an institution differ in their legal status, and the fundamental principles of such a distinction must be reflected in the Civil Code of Ukraine.The authors conclude on the need to strengthen the role of the Civil Code of Ukraine in determining the legal status of legal entities under public law. This can be provided by definition in the Code of Ukraine norms that would indicate the fundamental nature of the provisions of private law when regulating the institution of a legal entity under public law.
РОЛЬ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ БОРЕАЛЬНЫХ И НЕМОРАЛЬНЫХ ЛЕСОВ ВОЛЖСКОГО БАССЕЙНА В СМЯГЧЕНИИ ГЛОБАЛЬНОГО ПОТЕПЛЕНИЯ
Authors: Э.Г. КОЛОМЫЦ
Published: November 2024

Представлен прогнозный ландшафтно-экологический анализ лесного покрова Волжского бассейна. Освещена проблема поглощения парниковых газов экосистемами и их адаптации к глобальному потеплению, решение которой соответствует целям Парижского соглашения по изменению климата (2015 г.). Эмпирически обоснованы известные концептуальные положения о способности экологических ресурсов лесного покрова дополнительно поглощать парниковые газы с помощью механизмов регуляции углеродного цикла при изменениях климата. Установлен адсорбционный потенциал коренных и производных бореальных и неморальных лесов, оценена их способность смягчать климатические изменения, в том числе снижать антропогенное потепление. Проведена количественная оценка потери экологических ресурсов лесами Волжского бассейна, связанной с интенсивным развитием лесо- и землепользования. Выявлены контрастные изменения экологических ресурсов бореальных и неморальных лесов при их структурной трансформации в процессе глобального потепления. Верификация прогнозных расчетов углеродного баланса, проведенная по дистанционным и наземным измерениям в бореальных лесах Центральной Канады в первое десятилетие современного потепления, дала положительные результаты.

A forecast landscape-ecological analysis is made of the forest cover of the Volga River basin, with a focus on the problem of absorption of greenhouse gases by ecosystems and their adaptation to global warming, the solution of which is in line with the goals set in the Paris (2015) Agreement. Empirically substantiated are the well-known conceptual provisions on the capacity of the ecological resources of forest cover to additionally absorb greenhouse gases using the mechanisms of regulating the carbon cycle under climate change. The absorption potential of indigenous and derivatives of boreal and nemoral forests has been established, and their ability to mitigate climate changes, including reducing anthropogenic warming, has been evaluated. A quantitative assessment is made of the loss of environmental resources by the forests of the Volga River basin since the beginning of intensive forest and land use in it. Contrasting changes in the ecological resources of boreal and nemoral forests in the process of their structure transformation due to global warming were revealed. A verification of the forecast calculations of the carbon balance, carried out on the basis of remote sensing and ground-based measurements in the boreal forests of Central Canada, gave positive results only in the first decades of current warming.
Predictors of climate anxiety: a systematic review article
Authors: Rodriguez Quiroga Andrea , Bongiardino Laura , Eugenia Malleville María , Yosa Camila , Botero Camila , Y. Arredondo Arantxa , Borensztein Laura , Ivana Aufenacker Saskia
Published: November 2024

Climate Anxiety refers to the feelings of distress and worry that many people experience due to the climate change crisis. This includes fears about the future, a sense of helplessness in the face of the situation, sadness about the damage caused to the environment, emotional and physical stress. Climate Anxiety can interfere with quality of life and, in some cases, lead to inaction or exhaustion from environmental concerns, so it is essential to identify the causes that can predict climate anxiety in order to implement appropriate interventions to address the aforementioned impact. The main objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review using the PRISMA methodology (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) to synthesize the existing evidence on predictors of anxiety about climate change. The results have revealed specific predictors that can increase climate anxiety, such as those related to age, gender, and exposure to information about climate change, among others.
Impact of the Digital Transformation of Society on the Determination of Optimal Punishment Models to Counter Crime
Authors: Krainova Nadezhda , Gaag Irina , Poshivailova Anna
Published: November 2024

This study aims to define the essence of punishment from both retrospective and prospective perspectives, particularly in the context of the digital transformation of society. The study draws on qualitative methods, including a comprehensive analysis of contemporary scientific literature and expert interviews, to examine the evolving nature of punishment. The analysis is grounded in the views of prominent researchers and theorists, allowing the authors to develop their theoretical provisions regarding the moral nature of punishment. These provisions emphasize the importance of maintaining the human element in the penal system, arguing that the moral judgment inherent in punishment should not be entirely entrusted to digital instruments or artificial intelligence. Instead, the study advocates for a balanced approach that recognizes the potential of digital tools to enhance efficiency while cautioning against their excessive use in penological practice. Furthermore, the study highlights probation techniques as a key means of individualized crime prevention, suggesting that these techniques should remain central to the penal system in an era of digital transformation. By focusing on the human capacity for moral judgment and individualized prevention, the study proposes that the role of digital tools should be supplementary rather than central. In conclusion, the study recommends that legislators and practitioners prioritize the preservation of human judgment in punishment practices, using digital tools cautiously and ensuring that they do not undermine the moral and individualized aspects of justice. The findings suggest a need for further research into the ethical implications of digitalization in criminal justice, particularly regarding the balance between human and digital roles in punishment.
Exercise Interventions and Intelligence in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Morales Javier S. , Valenzuela Pedro L. , Martínez-de-Quel Óscar , Sánchez-Sánchez Juan Luis , Muntaner-Mas Adrià , Erickson Kirk I. , Carbonell-Baeza Ana , Ortega Francisco B. , Jiménez-Pavón David
Published: November 2024

CONTEXT

Mixed evidence exists on whether physical exercise interventions influence intelligence measures in children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE

To determine the effect of exercise interventions on intelligence in children and adolescents.

DATA SOURCES

Relevant articles were identified in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus (until February 22, 2024).

STUDY SELECTION

Randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of exercise interventions on intelligence in youth (≤19 years).

DATA EXTRACTION

A random-effects meta-analysis was performed for intelligence measures reported in ≥3 studies. Subanalyses examined the moderating effect of variables such as participants’ intelligence quotient (IQ), age, or intervention duration.

RESULTS

Fourteen randomized controlled trials (n = 3203 participants; age range = 5–14 years) were included. Exercise interventions significantly improved general intelligence compared with control groups (standardized mean difference = 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.11–0.97, P = .01), which corresponded to a mean improvement in the IQ score of 4.0 points (95% CI = 1.44–6.64, P = .01). Significant benefits of exercise interventions were also observed for fluid intelligence (standard mean difference = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.06–0.34, P = .006). Crystallized intelligence could not be meta-analyzed because of a lack of studies. Subanalyses revealed similar benefits in participants with low/borderline versus normal IQ, children versus adolescents, and interventions with different durations.

LIMITATIONS

The heterogeneity observed in the characteristics of the exercise interventions and the populations included can be a potential confounding factor.

CONCLUSIONS

Exercise interventions are associated with improvements in intelligence (including both general and fluid intelligence) in youth.
Особливості зарубіжного досвіду публічного управління фінансовою діяльністю машинобудівного комплексу
Authors: Ткачук Денис
Published: November 2024

Актуальність. Необхідність використання державою ефективних інструментів управління фінансовою діяльністю машинобудівного сектору є основою суттєвих трансформацій на шляху до розвитку промислового потенціалу нашої країни, а також зміцнення її економічного та геополітичного становища. У зв’язку з цим актуальності набуває поглиблене вивчення  закордонного досвіду у сфері публічного управління фінансовою діяльністю машинобудівних підприємств для формування ефективних рекомендацій щодо адаптації такої практики для удосконалення функціонування машинобудівного комплексу України.
Метою дослідження є вивчення та систематизація найбільш успішних практик зарубіжних країн щодо публічного управління фінансовою діяльністю у секторі машинобудування та визначення можливостей імплементації закордонного досвіду в Україні.
Результати. На основі проведеного дослідження зарубіжного досвіду публічного управління фінансовою діяльністю машинобудівного комплексу було розроблено модель механізму імплементації зарубіжного досвіду публічного управління фінансовою діяльністю у сфері машинобудування в Україні. Встановлено, що запропонована модель, як форма реалізації державної політики, повинна включати використання та посилення всіх інструментів, що здатні привести національний машинобудівний комплекс до виходу із кризи та розвитку.
Висновки. В ході вивчення успішної практики зарубіжних країн щодо управління фінансовою діяльністю машинобудівних підприємств було розроблено модель механізму імплементації зарубіжного досвіду публічного управління фінансовою діяльністю в сфері машинобудування в Україні, яка дасть можливість прискорено та ефективно впровадити в систему державного управління такі інструменти та стимули, які виведуть провідні вітчизняні машинобудівні компанії з фінансової кризи та сприятимуть інноваційному розвитку галузі.
Tommaso Daineri levelei II. Ulászló csillagászati műszereiről
Authors: Domokos György , Veszprémy Márton
Published: November 2024

Combining Italianate and science historical interests, the two authors present for the first time in Hungarian trans- lation the descriptions of the astronomical instruments of King Wladislas II in the original contexts of letters. We have compared the descriptions with similar contempo- raneous instruments, using the results and databases of the research literature of astronomy history. Our work was helped by several factors: photocopies of reports by Modenese envoys got incorporated in the system of the electronic Archival Portal of the Hungarian National Ar- chives within the frames of the Vestigia research project, and Elena Ferrazzi published the letters of Daineri in her dissertation of 2021.
Lietuvos olimpinė akademija: 35 metai puoselėjant olimpinį švietimą ir olimpines vertybes
Authors: Šarkauskienė Asta
Published: November 2024

Lietuvos olimpinė akademija (LOA) šiais metais mini 35-ąsias veiklos metines. Įkurta 1989 m. spalio 27 d., dar prieš Lietuvos nepriklausomybės atkūrimą, LOA tapo svarbia organizacija, puoselėjančia olimpines idėjas, skatinančia vaikų ir jaunimo fizinį ir dvasinį tobulėjimą bei skleidžianti mokslines olimpinio judėjimo žinias. Pirmuoju LOA prezidentu buvo išrinktas doc. dr. V. Jasiūnas, kuris pabrėžė demokratinį Akademijos veiklos pagrindą. Ilgus metus LOA vadovavo prof. habil. dr. P. Karoblis, po to doc. dr. A. Poviliūnas, kurių inicijuoti darbai ženkliai prisidėjo prie LOA tarptautinio bendradarbiavimo ir olimpinio švietimo sklaidos Lietuvoje. Šiandien LOA tęsia savo veiklą, rengia mokslinius tyrimus, projektus bei skatina jaunimo integralų fizinių ir dvasinių galių puoselėjimą.
Lietuvos sporto gimnazijų mokinių motyvacija sportuoti
Authors: Krasnova Anastasija , Lisinskienė Aušra
Published: November 2024

Daugelis atliktų tyrimų koncentruojasi į išsamią jaunųjų ir suaugusių sportininkų motyvacijos analizę skirtingose sporto šakose, tačiau bendrojo ugdymo mokyklų mokinių motyvacijos ypatumai sportuoti yra nepakankamai ištirti, ypač atsižvelgiant į jų motyvų įvairovę. Šio tyrimo tikslas – atskleisti Lietuvos sporto gimnazijų mokinių motyvaciją sportuoti lyties, amžiaus ir sporto specifiškumo aspektu. Tyrimo objektas – mokinių motyvacija sportuoti. Tyrimo subjektas – Lietuvos sporto gimnazijų mokiniai. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Atskleisti Lietuvos sporto gimnazijų mokinių vidinę, išorinę motyvaciją ir amotyvaciją sportuoti lyties aspektu. 2. Išsiaiškinti Lietuvos sporto gimnazijų mokinių vidinę, išorinę motyvaciją ir amotyvaciją sportuoti amžiaus aspektu. 3. Nustatyti Lietuvos sporto gimnazijų mokinių vidinę, išorinę motyvaciją ir amotyvaciją sportuoti atsižvelgiant į sportinės veiklos specifiškumą. Tyrimo metodai. Kiekybinis tyrimas (anketinė apklausa) – vertinant mokinių vidinę motyvaciją (VM), išorinę motyvaciją (IM) ir amotyvaciją (nemotyvuotumą) buvo naudota Lietuvoje aprobuota L. Grajausko (2008) sporto motyvacijos skalė (The Sport motivation scale, Pelletier et al., 1995). Nustatyta, kad Panevėžio Raimundo Sargūno sporto gimnazijoje besimokančių merginų vidinė motyvacija ir visos jos subskalės (VM sužinoti, VM siekti tobulumo ir VM patirti) buvo reikšmingai aukštesnės lyginant su vaikinais, o 17–18 metų amžiaus grupės mokinių vidinė motyvacija siekti tobulumo buvo reikšmingai aukštesnė, palyginti su 14–16 metų amžiaus grupės mokiniais. Tiriant Vilniaus Ozo gimnazijos vaikinų grupę, buvo atskleista tai, jog išorinė motyvacija identifikuotis, susitapatinti buvo reikšmingai aukštesnė lyginant su merginų. Tiriant Lietuvos sporto gimnazijų mokinių vidinę, išorinę motyvaciją ir amotyvaciją sportuoti sporto šakos specifiškumo aspektu nustatyta, kad Vilniaus Ozo gimnazijoje dvikovos sporto šakų atstovai labiau negu individualių ir komandinių sporto šakų atstovai išreiškia aukštesnį išorinės motyvacijos tiesioginio išorinio reguliavimą. Šiaulių sporto gimnazijos individualių sporto šakų atstovai yra linkę labiau pasiduoti išorinės motyvacijos tiesioginiam išoriniam reguliavimui negu komandinių ir dvikovos sporto šakų atstovai.
INNOVACIÓN SOCIAL EN LA ERA DIGITAL: PROMOCIÓN DE LAS OLLAS COMUNES A TRAVÉS DE REDES SOCIALES
Authors: Chávez Somoza Alicia , Vilches Salés Eduardo
Published: November 2024

Las ollas comunes son organizaciones sociales que se enfrentan diariamente a la problemática de garantizar la provisión de alimentos a los pobladores más vulnerables de la comunidad. La investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar la relación entre las campañas de concientización en redes sociales y la divulgación de las necesidades de estas organizaciones ubicadas en el Asentamiento Humano José Carlos Mariátegui, del distrito de Villa María del Triunfo, en Lima. Se empleó una metodología cuantitativa, diseño no experimental y nivel correlacional, donde se aplicaron dos cuestionarios a 180 participantes seleccionados con muestreo no probabilístico. Los principales resultados revelaron una fuerte correlación entre las campañas en redes sociales y la mejora en la difusión de las necesidades y el trabajo de las socias de las ollas comunes. En conclusión, se identificó que las campañas de sensibilización en redes sociales devienen herramientas efectivas para visibilizar las necesidades de las asociaciones populares y movilizar el respaldo necesario de diversos actores. Asimismo, el estudio puso de manifiesto la relevancia del empoderamiento, la gestión eficaz y la solidaridad de las madres de familia y los miembros de las ollas comunes, quienes han logrado organizarse y autogestionar soluciones para aminorar sus precarias condiciones socioeconómicas.
Threats to bodily identity in prefigurative culture
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Bekarev Adrian M. , Pak Galina S. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod
Published: November 2024

The formation of prefigurative culture is caused by the formation of digital society, which has generated the need to transfer the experience of electronic communication from younger to older people. The accelerating pace of social development leads to the fact that adaptation to innovations in older generations is of a delayed nature and is associated with the assimilation of the experience and behavioral patterns of the youngest generation in the culture. The importance of bodily organization in the identity of an individual is diminishing in virtual reality. On the Web, pure thoughts circulate in the form of signs that differ only in form and style. Real bodily characteristics remain behind the screen. But at the same time, the Web implies the presence of special corporeality, a virtual image, the logic of whose development is described by the stages of simulation, which describe the process of departure from the offline corporeal image of an individual. The loss of integrity and stability of bodily identity in the virtual environment appears not only as a result of the discrepancy between the real and the desired but also as a result of the processuality of the desired. Bodily stability is disrupted by medical practices of rejuvenation, as it is fashionable to be young in the prefigurative culture. Threats to human corporeality arise from the inability to distinguish between virtual reality and traditional reality, in the transference of the experience of constructing a desired bodily image from the network to reality. Apprehension of the threat to the existence of human corporeality contributes to its preservation.
Evolution of the concept of the self in the European-American tradition
Authors:   Perm State Institute of Culture, Dorfman Leonid Ya.
Published: November 2024

Evolutionary-historical and philosophical turns indicate changes of the concepts of the self in the European-American tradition. The ideas about the self go back to the religious idea of soul. But this idea is unacceptable for scientific purposes. R. Descartes was the first major thinker who used the self as an alternative to the soul. For R. Descartes, the main question was how the «self», being immaterial, fits into the material world, governed by mechanical laws. Although R. Descartes replaced the concept of soul with the concept of «self», unitary ideas about the soul were transferred to «self». The idea of a single (unitary) «self» gradually gave way to the ideas of a differentiated «self» and its integration. The word «self» came into use in the English language regardless of R. Descartes. It is believed to have first appeared as a noun around the year 1300 and had negative connotations, following the religious tradition of viewing man as the source of sins. Fundamental changes of the self occurred in the second half of the 19th century. A multiple view of the self fundamentally contradicted the religious understanding of the soul, the essence of which was supposed to be indivisible. W. James showed that a person has as many selves as there are people who recognize him and carry his image in their minds. American psychology identifies and analyzes three important and influential areas: behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic-existential. Theories of the self arise in different and broad contexts, grounded on various paradigms. The paper considers psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, social, narrative, humanistic, and existential models of the self. Currently, a common feature of research on the self is fragmentation. It is assumed that integrative (through actual paradigms) theories of the self will be put forward.
JUDICIAL PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES: EXPERIENCE OF COMPARATIVE RESEARCH (ON THE EXAMPLE OF A NUMBER OF STATES OF THE FORMER USSR)
Authors:   Russian Academy of Foreign Trade of the Ministry economic development of the Russian Federation, Volchenko O. Yu.
Published: November 2024

Abstract: the article is devoted to a comparative legal study of a number of problems related to the judicial protection of human rights in the constitutional law of a number of states of the post-Soviet space. The author proves that the catalog of principles of judicial protection of human rights and freedoms, presented in the constitutional regulation of the countries of the former USSR, includes unconditionality, impartiality, citizenship, reliability, accessibility, competence, due process, non-interference, independence, impartiality, inviolability, irremovability, public trust, publicity, reasonableness, restraint, proportionality, competitiveness, fairness and efficiency. The experience of constitutional regulation of the right to judicial protection in the countries of the former USSR demonstrates the legislator’s special attention to the formulation of powers arising from this subjective right: the right to appeal, the right to appeal, the right to freedom of procedural actions, the right to be heard, the right to present and refute evidence, the right to protection from arbitrariness, the right to an explanation of rights, the right to decent treatment, the right to restoration of rights, including the right to compen­sation for harm caused. From the point of view of constitutional and legal regulation of these social relations, it is advisable to study and analyze the principles and formulations, authorizing and binding norms, approaches and legal provisions developed by other states and peoples. This has a positive effect on the further development of the domestic state and law, if a reasonable-critical approach is supported and the diversity of constitutional and legal circumstances existing in the modern world is taken into account.
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF STATUTORIZATION OF A POSSIBILITY OF MEDICAL INTERVENTION, ESSENTIAL FOR LIFE SAVING, BASED ON A COUNCIL OF PHISICIANS' DECISION
Authors:   Kutafin Moscow State Law University, Solovyev A. A.
Published: November 2024

Abstract: this article dwells on the study of international experience in legal regulation of the possibility to exercise medical intervention indispensable for life saving, based on the council of physicians’ decision (or consulting with other physicians). For this particular purpose the author explores different legislative approaches adopted by the countries belonging both to Romano-Germanic (the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Serbia), and Anglo-Saxon (the United States of America and the Commonwealth of Australia) law systems. The author arrives at a conclusion that the reviewed procedure of medical involvement, necessary for life saving, could be desirable as it provides for maximum promptitude and, at the same time due consideration of the opinion of several specialists.
IMMUNITY AS A LEGAL CATEGOR
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Ektumaev A. B.
Published: November 2024

Abstract: the work is devoted to the study of immunity as a legal category. A comparative legal analysis of the scientific positions of scientists who have made attempts to reveal the content of the concept of ‘immunity’ has been carried out. The legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation were studied, which also does not give a definition in its acts, limiting itself to deriving individual signs of immunity, which together give a certain idea of the purpose and functions of this legal category. It is concluded that immunity is a multifaceted concept. Its content depends primarily on the object in relation to which it is used. Such objects, for example, can be a person, representatives of the authorities, the territory of the state, etc. The author's definition of legal immunity is formulated.
Questão social em Portugal: indicadores e desafios para o Serviço Social
Authors: Leite Toffanetto Seabra Eiras Alexandra Aparecida , Toledo Alex Fabiano , Magalhães Monteiro da Silva Daniela Joana , Freitas Ferreira Maria Emília
Published: November 2024

Objetivo. Apresentar estudo preliminar das expressões da questão social em Portugal tendo como referência sua inserção na União Europeia e a análise dos indicadores de monitoramento do risco de pobreza (EAPN, 2023). Intenta-se “avançar no trato da questão social como um desafio permanente para o Serviço Social em torno de seu objeto, fruto do movimento histórico da luta de classes e no deciframento das novas e complexas manifestações”, conforme direção teórico-metodológica da pesquisa em rede “Serviço Social na história: questão social e movimentos sociais – América Latina e Europa”. Metodologia. Problematiza-se a questão social em sua demarcação histórica, na contradição das relações sociais capitalistas, na unidade e antagonismo entre capital e trabalho, e em suas expressões atuais, em Portugal. Resultados. A análise revelou que estas expressões estão relacionadas a condições de trabalho precárias, desemprego, migração e pobreza. Conclusão. Exige-se maior protagonismo dos assistentes sociais para uma intervenção responsiva à questão social.
The relational dimension of climate action
Authors: Zellentin Alexa
Published: November 2024

Henry Shue’s The Pivotal Generation reminds us that our duty to do something about climate change is based on a set of very basic duties: a duty to not to impose terrible risks on others and a duty to stop doing so once you find that your actions have this effect and counteract the relevant risks. Furthermore, it alerts us that as we – the currently living – are the last generation that can do so, we have a particular responsibility to prevent climate crisis. Importantly, it also illustrates that whatever we do, we must do it together: everyone in this current generation is called on to do their bit and our first and most important task is to create the political environment where effective climate change is possible. In this commentary I briefly set out Shue’s argument and then expand on what achieving the task that Shue sets for us requires given the principles that motivate his account. In particular, I argue that achieving this task requires more than switching to low energy settings and voting green every couple of years: rather it requires keeping the task (Preventing climate crisis) and its fundamental moral justification (Don’t wrong others) in mind in all the different relationships that we have with all the people complicit, driving, opposing and/or suffering from climate change. Samuel Pufendorf’s principle of sociability – in tandem with the additional insights by Cara Nine’s interpretation of it – offers a way to understand our responsibility as a genuinely political one. The task is not to address a once off problem, but rather to create a social world that allows us to live together peacefully and sustainably while acknowledging that we are moral equals at the same time as we are interdependent social beings who often find themselves in unequal power relationships. The focus on sociability thereby offers us additional insights as to how we can and should work together to prevent climate crises. Overall, the commentary shows the important contribution that Shue’s book makes and builds on it with a special focus on how we should engage with each other in a way that is just both in terms of the ambitions of climate justice and the requirements of treating each other as responsible agents in the world.
AN APPLICATION OF NEUTROSOPHIC STATISTICS: EXTENDING RELATIVE RISK AND ODDS RATIOS TO HANDLE UNCERTAINTY IN EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS
Authors: Sherwani Rehan Ahmad Khan , Awan Wajiha Batool , Faheem Maham , Janjua Azhar Ali , Albassam Mohammed , Aslam Muhammad
Published: November 2024

The relative risk and odds ratios under classical statistics are applied under the assumption that all the observations in the data are certain and fail to respond when the data has some sort of vagueness, uncertainty, or indeterminacy, also called neutrosophic numbers. Neutrosophic numbers, the one form of fuzzy sets, contain incomplete, indeterminate and inconsistent information. Neutrosophic statistics is the generalization of classical statistics and can be applied to the indeterminate, ambiguous or inexact observations in the population or sample data. In this paper, we propose the relative risk and odds ratios under the uncertainty environment, called neutrosophic relative risk and neutrosophic odds ratio. The proposed forms of relative risk and odds ratio are applied to two real data set examples taken from the medical sciences and found that the use of the proposed statistical measures provides better estimates under indeterminacy. The proposed methods will be more suitable to be used in the fields of epidemiology and biostatistics. We present the relative risk and odds ratios under the uncertainty environment, called neutrosophic relative risk (NRR) and neutrosophic odds ratio (NOR). Therefore, the proposed NRR and NOR are the extensions of existing RR and OR and can be applied under an uncertain and indeterminate environment.
ANALYSIS OF EXISTING PASSIVE REMOTE INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS BASED ON SEISMOACOUSTIC MONITORING
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Nikiforov M.M. , Popkov B.O. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Loza V.M. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kulsky O.L. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Krykhta V.V. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2024

The work is related to the analysis of existing passive intelligence systems to improve the accuracy of determining the coordinates of objects (targets) of the enemy and reduce the time of data transmission. At present, the volume of intelligence tasks has grown significantly. The requirements for data transmission time and accuracy of determining the coordinates of enemy objects (targets) have increased. The time factor, ie the extreme reduction of the “detection - report - response” cycle, is becoming more and more acute. This requires such accuracy in determining the location of the enemy, which would immediately defeat him. In most cases, several types of systems are used for remote reconnaissance, the capabilities of which complement each other. It is confirmed that currently built systems based on the use of seismic and acoustic sensors to obtain information. The analysis of heterogeneous reconnaissance systems allows to identify seismic acoustic systems that are most effective for solving problems of detection and direction finding of firing artillery positions and the task of determining the fact of border violation with subsequent identification, subject to military reconnaissance. The necessity of complex use of various systems of remote reconnaissance with various physical properties is substantiated allows to expand their field of use, and also to reduce influence of natural properties on quality of results of measurements. To solve the tasks of intelligence, it is proposed to create an integrated passive system for monitoring the surrounding space with a set of jointly functioning seismic-acoustic and optoelectronic sensors, communications, computing and software, controls and indications designed to obtain information about various types of information. projects, combining incoming information from sensors and displaying the resulting information.
BASIC APPROACHES FOR SELECTING QUALITY INDICATORS DURING CONCEPTUAL DATABASE DESIGNING FOR AUTOMATED INFORMATION SYSTEM OF MILITARY CONTROL BODY
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Fedchenko O.P. , Krainov V.O. ,   Ivan Cherniakhovskyi National Defence University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Zaika L.A. ,   Ivan Cherniakhovskyi National Defence University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2024

Automated information systems of the military control body (AIS MCB), which are focused on specific programs, do not meet the requirements of consumers, because the process of processing data arrays is imperfect. These circumstances necessitated the development of its database (DB), using which contributed to their intensive use. The database accumulates in its environment necessary information for analysis of situation and organization operational and tactical calculations. The process of its design and creation is multi-stage and time-consuming and requires processing, integration, the transformation of territorially and functionally distributed data through the involvement of highly qualified specialists in various fields (analysts, programmers, user officers). This process has a high degree of complexity, due to the need to take into account parameters that characterize the composition and the structure of the database, as well as conditions of its operation. The quality and timing of database creation are largely determined by methods and tools used for design, their characteristics significantly depend on the adopted architecture of the information system, subject area modeling tools, and operating conditions of the AIS MCB. The authors considered the main approaches choosing quality indicators when designing the database structure of the automated information system of the military control; this feature is based on the development of a single integrated design approach, which at the conceptual design stage will not depend on the specific database management system. It can also be noted that among insufficiently researched problems so far the problem related to the discrepancy of integrity constraints that can be maintained by the database without the involvement of database procedures is. That is, there is a task of obtaining formal criteria that will allow at initial stages of database design to determine – whether this system of integrity restrictions is supported by the database. In addition, obtaining such criteria will also solve an important problem of logical database design – the division of specified in the conceptual model of integrity constraints into two subsets: a subset of integrity constraints that are fully supported by the database, and a subset of integrity constraints that require database procedures.
Artificial intelligence: basic terms and concepts, the application in healthcare and clinical medicine
Authors: Lamotkin A. I. , Korabelnikov D. I. , Lamotkin I. A.
Published: November 2024

Objective: to explore the potential and challenges of artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical medicine and healthcare, and to determine the prospects for its implementation to improve diagnosis, treatment, and medical data management.

Material and methods. A literature review on the main terms and concepts of AI, its classification by application area, technologies, and methodologies was carried out. The learning methods such as supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning were considered, as well as examples of AI application in various areas of medicine, including disease diagnosis and personalized medicine.

Results. AI shows significant potential in improving diagnosis, optimizing treatment processes, and managing healthcare resources. Main application areas are related to medical image analysis, developing individualized treatment plans, and healthcare management. However, using AI faces challenges such as data availability and bias, fragmentation of systems, and complexity of algorithm interpretation.

Conclusion. Despite the existing challenges, the implementation of AI in medicine has great prospects, including improved diagnostic accuracy, reduced task completion time, and development of personalized medicine. It is important to consider the ethical aspects and the demand for further study of AI application in medicine to achieve the best results.
Análisis cuantitativu de la diversidá llingüística nel «Vocabulario de las palabras y frases bables...»
Authors: Dios Sanz Darío de
Published: November 2024

Apolinar de Rato y Hevia asoleya en 1891 el Vocabulario de las Palabras y Frases Bables que se hablaron antiguamente y de las que hoy se hablan en el Principado de Asturias, seguido de un compendio gramatical, el primer diccionariu espublizáu del asturianu. La calidá del llabor del lexicógrafu valió-y abondes crítiques, pero queda entá por facer un estudiu fondu y sistemáticu de les contribuciones de so, lo que pue dar una idea de los materiales ayenos qu’incorpora al diccionariu o les fontes remanaes.
Analícense dende un puntu de vista cuantitativu les llingües usaes na redaición, los idiomes mentaos como fonte etimolóxica o como equivalentes con evoluciones paraleles nel so léxicu, amás de los datos apurríos pol autor sobre la variedá dialeutal presente a lo llargo de toa Asturies.
Analícense dende un puntu de vista cuantitativu les llingües usaes na redaición, los idiomes mencionaos como fonte etimolóxica o como equivalentes con evoluciones paraleles nel so léxicu, amás de los datos apurríos pol autor sobre la variedá dialeutal presente a lo llargo de toa Asturies.
Comparación acústica de los sistemas vocálicos del asturiano y el español de Asturias en habla leída
Authors: Elvira García Wendy
Published: November 2024

El sistema vocálico del asturiano ha sido tradicionalmente de gran interés para los estudios dialectológicos debido al fenómeno de la metafonía y la alternancia de la calidad vocálica en las vocales posteriores finales átonas /-u#, -o#/ que marca la diferencia entre los géneros masculino y neutro. Sin embargo, estos fenómenos raramente se trabajan con datos acústicos. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar una descripción acústica detallada y una comparación entre los sistemas vocálicos del asturiano y el español de Asturias en 23 hablantes bilingües en habla leída. Los resultados aportan valores de referencia para las vocales del asturiano e indican que en hablantes bilingües de mediana edad, 1) se produce fusión de vocales posteriores tanto en asturiano como en español, aunque en asturiano en menor grado; 2) no se produce fusión en las vocales anteriores y 3) no hay palatalización de /a#/ en posición final átona.
A lliteratura en gallego-asturiano nel primeiro tercio del siglo XX: prosa y poesía nel «Castropol» y «El Aldeano»
Authors: Vega Villabrille Lucas
Published: November 2024

Nos primeiros anos del siglo XX houbo en Castropol dous periódicos que tuveron muita relación coa Biblioteca Popular Circulante de Castropol y outras actividades culturales nel conceyo: el Castropol y El Aldeano. Nellos, houbo abondas colaboracióis en gallego-asturiano, mui diferentes úas d’outras. Sían prosa ou verso, estos textos son dalgús dos primeiros testimonios da lliteratura escrita nesta variedá del occidente asturiano, el que fai qu’estos periódicos sían útiles pra conocer y estudiar estas primeiras etapas y ver el sou desarrollo nel tempo.
Selected Issues of Polish Orthography in E-textbook (for Upper Secondary School Level)
Authors: Krzyżyk Danuta
Published: November 2024

The article discusses educational materials on spelling included in the e-textbook on the Integrated Educational Platform of the Ministry of National Education. The author, referring to the theory of textbooks and studies in the field of spelling didactics, assessed the lessons devoted to the principles on which Polish spelling is based, prepared for secondary school students in terms of content and didactics.
A Importância da Mediação na Redução da Evasão no Ensino Superior à Distância: o Caso de uma Universidade Pública
Authors: Garanito Paula Verônica Antunes , Di Marco Cláudio Augusto Ferreira , Cajuela Alexandre Rodrigues , Prununciati Pedro Lucas , Novi Juliana Chiaretti
Published: November 2024

O aumento da oferta dos cursos superiores de educação à distância no Brasil demanda às instituições de ensino o constante desafio de reduzir a evasão dos alunos. Existem instituições que investem no desenvolvimento de seus ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem e na formação docente. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar se os conteúdos propostos no curso de Especialização do Programa de Pós-Graduação latu sensu em Processos Didático-pedagógicos para Cursos na Modalidade à Distância de uma Universidade Pública podem contribuir para a redução da evasão no ensino superior à distância. As metodologias utilizadas foram: revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e estudo comparado. Assim, buscou-se entender a construção dos conteúdos propostos no curso estudado, além de apresentar as principais causas da evasão no ensino público superior à distância relacionadas com a formação dos mediadores nesse curso e identificar suas contribuições para a retenção dos alunos. Como resultados, identificou-se que 50% das causas da evasão se devem aos cursos e conteúdos, 33% à estrutura e suporte das universidades e 17% ao ambiente escolar. Todos os motivos de desistência listados estão relacionados às habilidades esperadas dos especialistas – facilitadores – egressos. Portanto, considera-se que os conteúdos propostos no curso analisado puderam contribuir na redução da evasão na Universidade Pública estudada. Apesar da importância dos resultados, eles não são generalizáveis, entretanto, eles podem contribuir para discussões sobre a importância da mediação na redução da evasão nos cursos superiores à distância, investimentos e metodologias de ensino digital.  
 
Palavras-chave: Ensino à distância. Curso de especialização. Mediação. Evasão escolar.