bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Mental Practice in Novice Learners in a Serial Positioning Skill Acquisition
Authors: Gomes Thábata V. B. , Ugrinowitsch Herbert , Marinho Nádia , Shea John B. , Raisbeck Louisa D. , Benda Rodolfo N.
Published: October 2014

The effects of mental practice in novices were investigated. University students ( N = 60) performed a serial aiming task, distributed in 5 groups of 12: mental practice, physical practice, mental-physical practice (first mental then physical practice), physical-mental practice (first physical then mental practice), and a control group that only performed the tests. Participants transported three tennis balls among six containers in a pre-established sequence in a target time. In the acquisition phase and retention test (24 hr. later), the task was the same; in the transfer test, 5 min. after the acquisition phase, sequence and time changed. Six trials were performed in the acquisition phase, and each test consisted of 9 trials. The performance measures were absolute error, constant error, and variable error; a t test and a two-way ANOVA were used to compare the acquisition phase and tests, respectively. Physical practice and both groups of combined conditions presented better performance in tests than the mental practice and control groups. Mental practice without motor experience in the task did not improve motor learning. Prior physical performance is desirable before conducting mental practice.
Relationship between Tactics and Energy Expenditure According to Level of Experience in Badminton
Authors: Dieu Olivier , Vanhelst Jérémy , Bui-Xuân Gilles , Blondeau Thomas , Fardy Paul S. , Mikulovic Jacques
Published: October 2014

Research on racket sports has traditionally focused on expert players and has treated energy expenditure and tactics as independent factors. These prior studies could not assess how energy expenditure and tactics changed as a function of experience and skill. Here, the specific relationship between playing tactics and energy expenditure in badminton were assessed. Participants were classified into five stages of badminton experience on the basis of conative criteria: structural (physical abilities), technical (technical skills), and functional (tactics). The physical activity of 99 players (47 beginners, 15 intermediates, 30 advanced, and 7 experts) was measured using a three-axis accelerometer during a badminton set (21 points, no extra scoring). The results showed that physical activity (counts/sec.) ranged between about 115 (Stage 1) and 155 (Stage 5), and differed significantly across the conative stages. For Stages 2 and 4, defined by an increase in use of tactics, physical activity increased substantially. For Stage 3, defined by a decrease in use of tactics, physical activity decreased significantly. Thus, tactically-oriented play appears to be closely related to physical activity.
Different Enzymatic Activities in Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.) as Potential Biomarkers of Exposure to the Pesticide Methomyl
Authors: Hernández-Moreno David , de la Casa-Resino Irene , Maria Flores José , González-Gómez Manuel José , María Neila Carlos , Soler Francisco , Pérez-López Marcos
Published: October 2014

This study investigated the influence of the pesticide methomyl on different enzymatic activities in carp. The fish were exposed to a sub-lethal concentration (0.34 mg L-1) of methomyl for 15 days. On days 4 and 15, catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were measured in the liver and gills. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in brain and muscle was also determined. Liver catalase activity slightly increased in exposed fish when compared to controls, but it was statistically significant only at the beginning of the experiment. No changes in CAT activity in the gills of exposed and control animals were observed (mean values were in the range 10.7-11.7 nmol min-1 per mg of protein). Liver GST activity was slightly inhibited in the exposed animals at the beginning of the study; however, it was significantly inhibited in the gills. Brain AChE activity was diminished throughout the experiment and significantly decreased after 96 h of exposure compared to controls (0.041 vs. 0.075 nmol min1 per mg of protein; p<0.001). Our findings suggest that CAT, GST, and AChE are reliable biomarkers of effect after exposure to methomyl.
Physical Therapist Practice in the Emergency Department Observation Unit: Descriptive Study
Authors: Plummer Laura , Sridhar Sowmya , Beninato Marianne , Parlman Kristin
Published: October 2014

Background

An upward trend in the number of hospital emergency department (ED) visits frequently results in ED overcrowding. The concept of the emergency department observation unit (EDOU) was introduced to allow patients to transfer out of the ED and remain under observation for up to 24 hours before making a decision regarding the appropriate disposition. No study has yet been completed to describe physical therapist practice in the EDOU.

Objective

The objectives of this study were: (1) to describe patient demographics, physical therapist management and utilization, and discharge dispositions of patients receiving physical therapy in the EDOU and (2) to describe these variables according to the most frequently occurring diagnostic groups.

Design

This was a descriptive study of patients who received physical therapist services in the EDOU of Massachusetts General Hospital during the months of March, May, and August 2010.

Methods

Data from 151 medical records of patients who received physical therapist services in the EDOU were extracted. Variables consisted of patient characteristics, medical and physical therapist diagnoses, and physical therapist management and utilization derived from billing data. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data.

Results

The leading EDOU medical diagnoses of individuals receiving physical therapist services included people with falls without fracture (n=30), back pain (n=27), falls with fracture (n=22), and dizziness (n=22). There were significant differences in discharge disposition, age, and total physical therapy time among groups.

Limitations

This was a retrospective study, so there was no ability to control how data were recorded.

Conclusions

This study provides information on common patient groups seen in the EDOU, physical therapist service utilization, and discharge disposition that may guide facilities in anticipated staffing needs associated with providing physical therapist services in the EDOU.
Surgical outcomes following encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis in North American adults with moyamoya
Authors: Agarwalla Pankaj K. , Stapleton Christopher J. , Phillips Michael T. , Walcott Brian P. , Venteicher Andrew S. , Ogilvy Christopher S.
Published: October 2014

Object

Moyamoya disease/syndrome (MMD/S) is a progressive, occlusive vasculopathy of the intracranial vasculature that leads to ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Significant debate exists regarding the role of indirect cerebrovascular bypass surgery in its management. The authors review their institution's experience with indirect bypass in the surgical management of patients with MMD/S.

Methods

The authors conducted a retrospective review of patients with MMD/S who underwent encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS), a form of indirect bypass, from 1996 to 2013.

Results

A total of 37 patients (52 hemispheres) underwent an EDAS procedure for MMD/S; 21 patients received revascularization of both hemispheres. Patients presented with the following: 49% with stroke, 35% with transient ischemic attack, 13% with hemorrhage, and 3% with seizure. The mean Suzuki grade was 3.46. The number of patients with a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–1 improved from 21 to 29 (p = 0.002) from the time of surgery to the time of last follow-up. The number of neurological events (i.e., transient ischemic attacks, strokes, and hemorrhages) decreased from a mean of 1.7 events per patient to 0.14 (p < 0.001). The mean length of follow-up was 32.8 months.

Conclusions

This series demonstrates that EDAS is an effective procedure for MMD/S in a North American cohort of patients.
Influence of debris-rich basal ice on flow of a polar glacier
Authors: Pettit Erin C. , Whorton Erin N. , Waddington Edwin D. , Sletten Ronald S.
Published: October 2014

At Taylor Glacier, a cold-based outlet glacier of the East Antarctic ice sheet, observed surface speeds in the terminus region are 20 times greater than those predicted using Glen’s flow law for cold (–17°C), thin (100 m) ice. Rheological properties of the clean meteoric glacier ice and the underlying deformable debris-rich basal ice can be inferred from surface-velocity and ablation-rate profiles using inverse theory. Here, with limited data, we use a two-layer flowband model to examine two end-member assumptions about the basal-ice properties: (1) uniform softness with spatially variable thickness and (2) uniform thickness with spatially variable softness. We find that the basal ice contributes 85–98% to the observed surface velocity in the terminus region. We also find that the basal-ice layer must be 10–15 m thick and 20–40 times softer than clean Holocene-age glacier ice in order to match the observations. Because significant deformation occurs in the basal ice, our inverse problem is not sensitive to variations in the softness of the meteoric ice. Our results suggest that despite low temperatures, highly deformable basal ice may dominate flow of cold-based glaciers and rheologically distinct layers should be incorporated in models of polar-glacier flow.
Measuring glacier surface roughness using plot-scale, close-range digital photogrammetry
Authors: Irvine-Fynn Tristram D.L. , Sanz-Ablanedo Enoc , Rutter Nick , Smith Mark W. , Chandler Jim H.
Published: October 2014

Glacier roughness at sub-metre scales is an important control on the ice surface energy balance and has implications for scattering energy measured by remote-sensing instruments. Ice surface roughness is dynamic as a consequence of spatial and temporal variation in ablation. To date, studies relying on singular and/or spatially discrete two-dimensional profiles to describe ice surface roughness have failed to resolve common patterns or causes of variation in glacier surface morphology. Here we demonstrate the potential of close-range digital photogrammetry as a rapid and cost-effective method to retrieve three-dimensional data detailing plot-scale supraglacial topography. The photogrammetric approach here employed a calibrated, consumer-grade 5 Mpix digital camera repeatedly imaging a plot-scale (≤25 m2) ice surface area on Midtre Lovénbreen, Svalbard. From stereo-pair images, digital surface models (DSMs) with sub-centimetre horizontal resolution and 3 mm vertical precision were achieved at plot scales ≤4 m2. Extraction of roughness metrics including estimates of aerodynamic roughness length (z0) was readily achievable, and temporal variations in the glacier surface topography were captured. Close-range photogrammetry, with appropriate camera calibration and image acquisition geometry, is shown to be a robust method to record sub-centimetre variations in ablating ice topography. While the DSM plot area may be limited through use of stereo-pair images and issues of obliquity, emerging photogrammetric packages are likely to overcome such limitations.
In Defence of Holy Days: The Peasantry's Opposition to the Reduction of Holy Days in Early Modern Sweden
Authors: Malmstedt Göran
Published: October 2014

During the early modern period most of the holy days celebrated in the late Middle Ages were abolished – although the rate of elimination varied between different confessions and areas. In comparison with other states, both Protestant and Catholic, the development in Sweden was characterized by a pronounced conservative tendency. This most likely reflects the views of the Swedish peasantry, as well as their ability to influence the course of events.

My analysis of the peasantry's defence of holy days focuses on religious concerns and on the importance of a pre-modern worldview. Three interconnected motives are highlighted: the continuing cults of saints, the need for rituals to ensure the orderly behaviour of nature, and the conception of a contractual relationship with God and the resulting fear of God's wrath. Since the Swedish peasantry, along with most sections of society, continued to inhabit an enchanted world throughout the period, there was a strong need for methods of invoking heavenly support and fulfilling divine obligations. In finding their own ways of doing this, for example, by means of celebrating abolished holy days or the sanctifying of Saturdays, peasants demonstrated independence as well as a striking perseverance.
Dreams in Cultural History: Dream Narratives and the History of Subjectivity
Authors: Richter Isabel
Published: October 2014

The article focuses on dreams as sources for European cultural history by showing how subjectivity can be historicized. Basing its analysis on twenty-one published dream narrations of the late eighteenth and the nineteenth century about death and dying, this article examines which versions of the self become recognizable when one faced death, dying, and the end of life. These dream narrations provide insights into individuals' patterns of interpretation in their ambivalent contexts of norms, wishes, ideals, and fears. The dream narrations focus on various topics: dreams and visions of resurrection, the Last Judgment, and deceased close relatives. And some authors also reflect on the themes of life as a shadow and as a dream. Despite the quite heterogeneous source material, all of these dream narrations involve views of the self, for dreams about the end of life, death, and dying are closely related to writers' quests for identity. It shows how dreams work as catalysts for shaping spaces of the self.
Channel 4 and the Red Triangle: A Case Study in Film Curation and Censorship on Television
Authors: Smith Justin
Published: October 2014

This article charts the history of an experiment, conducted during the autumn and winter of 1986–7, in which Channel 4 trialled an on-screen visual warning symbol to accompany screenings of a series of international art-house films. The so-called ‘red triangle’ experiment, though short-lived, will be considered as a case study for exploring a number of related themes. Firstly, it demonstrates Channel 4's commitment during the 1980s to fulfilling its remit to experiment and innovate in programme form and content, in respect of its acquired feature film provision. Channel 4's acquisitions significantly enlarged the range of international classic and art-house cinema broadcast on British television. Secondly, it reflects contemporary tensions between the new broadcaster, its regulator the IBA, campaigners for stricter censorship of television and policy-makers. The mid-1980s was a period when progressive developments in UK film and television culture (from the rise of home video to the advent of Channel 4 itself) polarised opinions about freedom and regulation, which were greatly exacerbated by the press. Thirdly, it aims to shed light on the paradox that, while over thirty years of audience research has consistently revealed the desire on the part of television viewers for an on-screen ratings system, the UK is not among some forty countries that currently employ such devices on any systematic basis. In this way the history of a specific advisory experiment may be seen to have a bearing on current policy trends.
The Emergence and Transformation of Medieval Cumbria
Authors: Edmonds Fiona
Published: October 2014

There has long been uncertainty about the relationship between the polities known as Strathclyde and Cumbria. Did medieval writers apply these terms to the same kingdom, or were Strathclyde and Cumbria separate entities? This debate has significant implications for our understanding of the politics of northern Britain during the period from the late ninth century to the twelfth. In this article I analyse the terminology in Latin, Old English, Old Norse, Welsh and Irish texts. I argue that Strathclyde developed into Cumbria: the expansion of the kingdom of Strathclyde beyond the limits of the Clyde valley necessitated the use of a new name. This process occurred during the early tenth century and created a Cumbrian kingdom that stretched from the Clyde to the south of the Solway Firth. The kingdom met its demise in the mid-eleventh century and Cumbrian terminology was subsequently appropriated for smaller ecclesiastical and administrative units. Yet these later usages should not be confused with the tenth-century kingdom, which encompassed a large area that straddled the modern Anglo-Scottish border.
The Scottish Convention of Estates of 1630
Authors: Goodare Julian
Published: October 2014

Charles I summoned his Scottish estates three times before the Scottish revolution of 1638: in 1625, 1630 and 1633. This article examines the convention of estates of 1630, held one year after Charles had suspended his English parliament. Members of the convention agreed to renew the regular parliamentary taxation (though they refused to vote it for a longer period) and proved surprisingly co-operative over Charles's controversial revocation. However, there was a major explosion of opposition on religious grounds. Two presbyterian petitions attempted to sabotage the enforcement of the five articles of Perth, the crown's flagship liturgical policy; the petitions seemed likely to attract the support of a majority of the estates but were suppressed by high-handed government action. A resolution by the estates against the five articles of Perth might have had a similar effect to the House of Commons' resolutions of 1629 that led to the suspension of the English parliament. The article examines what is known about the dissidents and argues that continuity can be identified both with previous opponents of royal policy (notably in 1621) and with subsequent support for the National Covenant after 1638.
‘To bring the work to greater perfection’: Systematising Governance in the Church of Scotland, 1696–1800
Authors: Mutch Alistair
Published: October 2014

Following the confirmation of Presbyterian government in the Church of Scotland in 1690, a number of attempts were made to codify the governance practices that were to be followed in the various ruling bodies of the church. A review of these attempts indicates a distinctive approach to governance based on detailed record keeping and the monitoring of activities based on these records. While the church never managed to agree on a complete manual of procedure, a review of responses to the proposals suggests substantial conformance with their main precepts. Not only did these precepts contribute to the consolidation of the Presbyterian settlement of 1690, they also provided a legalistic and systemic cast to organisational structures and practices. This then shaped a distinctive ‘culture of organisation’ which, in conjunction with other institutions such as education, provided to-hand resources for the widely noted Scottish competence in administration. A focus on administrative practices in their cultural and social context provides a basis for assessing claims to Scottish distinctiveness and influence.
Evaluating the Equilibrium Association Constant between ArtinM Lectin and Myeloid Leukemia Cells by Impedimetric and Piezoelectric Label Free Approaches
Authors: Carvalho Fernanda , Martins Denise , Santos Adriano , Roque-Barreira Maria-Cristina , Bueno Paulo
Published: October 2014

Label-free methods for evaluating lectin–cell binding have been developed to determine the lectin–carbohydrate interactions in the context of cell-surface oligosaccharides. In the present study, mass loading and electrochemical transducer signals were compared to characterize the interaction between lectin and cellular membranes by measuring the equilibrium association constant, , between ArtinM lectin and the carbohydrate sites of NB4 leukemia cells. By functionalizing sensor interfaces with ArtinM, it was possible to determine over a range of leukemia cell concentrations to construct analytical curves from impedimetric and/or mass-associated frequency shifts with analytical signals following a Langmuir pattern. Using the Langmuir isotherm-binding model, the obtained were (8.9 ± 1.0) × 10−5 mL/cell and (1.05 ± 0.09) × 10−6 mL/cell with the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) methods, respectively. The observed differences were attributed to the intrinsic characteristic sensitivity of each method in following Langmuir isotherm premises.
Powering-up Wireless Sensor Nodes Utilizing Rechargeable Batteries and an Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvesting System
Authors: Chamanian Salar , Baghaee Sajjad , Ulusan Hasan , Zorlu Özge , Külah Haluk , Uysal-Biyikoglu Elif
Published: October 2014

This paper presents a wireless sensor node (WSN) system where an electromagnetic (EM) energy harvester is utilized for charging its rechargeable batteries while the system is operational. The capability and the performance of an in-house low-frequency EM energy harvester for charging rechargeable NiMH batteries were experimentally verified in comparison to a regular battery charger. Furthermore, the power consumption of MicaZ motes, used as the WSN, was evaluated in detail for different operation conditions. The battery voltage and current were experimentally monitored during the operation of the MicaZ sensor node equipped with the EM vibration energy harvester. A compact (24.5 cm3) in-house EM energy harvester provides approximately 65 µA charging current to the batteries when excited by 0.4 g acceleration at 7.4 Hz. It has been shown that the current demand of the MicaZ mote can be compensated for by the energy harvester for a specific low-power operation scenario, with more than a 10-fold increase in the battery lifetime. The presented results demonstrate the autonomous operation of the WSN, with the utilization of a vibration-based energy harvester.
Ecohealth Approach to Urban Waste Management: Exposure to Environmental Pollutants and Health Risks in Yamoussoukro, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Kouamé Parfait , Dongo Kouassi , Nguyen-Viet Hung , Zurbrügg Christian , Lüthi Christoph , Hattendorf Jan , Utzinger Jürg , Biémi Jean , Bonfoh Bassirou
Published: October 2014

Poor waste management is a key driver of ill-health in urban settlements of developing countries. The current study aimed at assessing environmental and human health risks related to urban waste management in Yamoussoukro, the political capital of Côte d’Ivoire. We undertook trans-disciplinary research within an Ecohealth approach, comprised of a participatory workshop with stakeholders and mapping of exposure patterns. A total of 492 randomly selected households participated in a cross-sectional survey. Waste deposit sites were characterised and 108 wastewater samples were subjected to laboratory examinations. The physico-chemical parameters of the surface water (temperature, pH, conductivity, potential oxidise reduction, BOD5, COD, dissolved oxygen, nitrates, ammonia and total Kendal nitrogen) did not comply with World Health Organization standards of surface water quality. Questionnaire results showed that malaria was the most commonly reported disease. Diarrhoea and malaria were associated with poor sanitation. Households having dry latrines had a higher risk of diarrhoea (odds ratio (OR) = 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–2.7) compared to latrines with septic tanks and also a higher risk for malaria (OR = 1.9, 95% (CI) 1.1–3.3). Our research showed that combining health and environmental assessments enables a deeper understanding of environmental threats and disease burdens linked to poor waste management. Further study should investigate the sanitation strategy aspects that could reduce the environmental and health risks in the study area.
The Role for Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation in Older Adults
Authors: Molfino Alessio , Gioia Gianfranco , Fanelli Filippo , Muscaritoli Maurizio
Published: October 2014

Optimal nutrition is one of the most important determinants of healthier ageing, reducing the risk of disability, maintaining mental and physical functions, and thus preserving and ensuring a better quality of life. Dietary intake and nutrient absorption decline with age, thus increasing the risk of malnutrition, morbidity and mortality. Specific nutrients, particularly long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), might have the potential of preventing and reducing co-morbidities in older adults. Omega-3 PUFAs are able to modulate inflammation, hyperlipidemia, platelet aggregation, and hypertension. Different mechanisms contribute to these effects, including conditioning cell membrane function and composition, eicosanoid production, and gene expression. The present review analyzes the influence of omega-3 PUFAs status and intake on brain function, cardiovascular system, immune function, muscle performance and bone health in older adults. Omega-3 FAs may have substantial benefits in reducing the risk of cognitive decline in older people. The available data encourage higher intakes of omega-3 PUFAs in the diet or via specific supplements. More studies are needed to confirm the role of omega-3 FAs in maintaining bone health and preventing the loss of muscle mass and function associated with ageing. In summary, omega-3 PUFAs are now identified as potential key nutrients, safe and effective in the treatment and prevention of several negative consequences of ageing.
Primers for low‐copy nuclear genes in Metrosideros and cross‐amplification in Myrtaceae
Authors: Pillon Yohan , Johansen Jennifer , Sakishima Tomoko , Chamala Srikar , Barbazuk W. Brad , Stacy Elizabeth A.
Published: October 2014

• Premise of the study: Primers were developed to amplify low‐copy nuclear genes in Hawaiian Metrosideros (Myrtaceae).

• Methods and Results: Data from a pooled 454 Titanium run of the partial transcriptomes of four Metrosideros taxa were used to identify the loci of interest. Ten exon‐primed intron‐crossing (EPIC) markers were amplified and sequenced directly with success in Metrosideros, as well as in a representative selection of Myrtaceae, including Syzygium, Psidium, and Melaleuca for most of the markers. The loci amplified ranged between 500 and 1100 bp, and up to 117 polymorphic sites were observed within an individual gene alignment. Two introns contained microsatellites in some of the species.

• Conclusions: These novel primer pairs should be useful for phylogenetic analysis and population genetics of a broad range of Myrtaceae, particularly the diverse fleshy‐fruited tribes Syzygieae and Myrteae.
Microsatellite primers forCamissoniopsis cheiranthifolia(Onagraceae) and cross‐amplification in related species
Authors: López‐Villalobos Adriana , Samis Karen E. , Eckert Christopher G.
Published: October 2014

•Premise of the study:We developed 24 nuclear microsatellite primers from an enriched genomic library for the Pacific coastal dune endemicCamissoniopsis cheiranthifoliato study the consequences of mating system differentiation, the genetics of species’ range limits, and hybridization with its closest sister taxon,C. bistorta.

•Methods and Results:Twenty‐four primer pairs were developed and characterized in four populations ofC. cheiranthifoliaand one population ofC. bistorta. We also tested eight additional taxa for cross‐amplification. The average number of alleles per locus per species was 4.3 and 6.0, respectively. The number of loci that amplified and were variable within the eight related taxa ranged from six to 17.

•Conclusions:These markers will be useful in studying mating system evolution, the genetic structure of species’ ranges, hybridization, and the provenance of material used for habitat restoration inC. cheiranthifolia, C. bistorta, and related species.
Specific DNA duplex formation at an artificial lipid bilayer: fluorescence microscopy after Sybr Green I staining
Authors: Werz Emma , Rosemeyer Helmut
Published: October 2014

The article describes the immobilization of different probe oligonucleotides (4, 7, 10) carrying each a racemic mixture of 2,3-bis(hexadecyloxy)propan-1-ol (1a) at the 5’-terminus on a stable artificial lipid bilayer composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC). The bilayer separates two compartments (cis/trans channel) of an optical transparent microfluidic sample carrier with perfusion capabilities. Injection of unlabeled target DNA sequences (6, 8, or 9), differing in sequence and length, leads in the case of complementarity to the formation of stable DNA duplexes at the bilayer surface. This could be verified by Sybr Green I double strand staining, followed by incubation periods and thorough perfusions, and was visualized by single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy. The different bilayer-immobilized complexes consisting of various DNA duplexes and the fluorescent dye were studied with respect to the kinetics of their formation as well as to their stability against perfusion.
AIRMANSHIP – A QUALITATIVE APPROACH
Authors: Nergård Vegard
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate how pilots themselves characterize a good pilot and airmanship, and how safety is created by the practice of knowledge. The purpose of this study was to get the insiders’ understanding of the concept of airmanship. Results indicate that the formulation of the concept of airmanship is complex, and it is first and foremost comprised of the knowledge about flying an aircraft. Moreover, the relationship between practical knowledge and an individual applying this knowledge is embedded in the concept of airmanship.
Which Factors Influence Radiographic Progression During Treatment with Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in Clinical Practice? Results from 930 Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Nationwide Danish DANBIO Registry
Authors: Ørnbjerg Lykke Midtbøll , Østergaard Mikkel , Bøyesen Pernille , Krogh Niels Steen , Thormann Anja , Tarp Ulrik , Poulsen Uta Engling , Espesen Jakob , Schlemmer Annette , Graudal Niels , Kollerup Gina , Jensen Dorte Vendelbo , Madsen Ole Rintek , Glintborg Bente , Christensen Torben , Lindegaard Hanne , Bøhme Wolfgang , Hansen Annette , Andersen Anne Rødgaard , Hetland Merete Lund
Published: October 2014

Objective.

To investigate baseline characteristics associated with radiographic progression and the effect of disease activity, drug, switching, and withdrawal on radiographic progression in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor-naive patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) followed for about 2 years after anti-TNF initiation in clinical practice.

Methods.

DANBIO-registered patients with RA who had available radiographs (anti-TNF initiation and ∼2 yrs followup) were included. Radiographs were scored, blinded to chronology with the Sharp/van der Heijde method and linked with DANBIO data. Baseline characteristics were investigated with univariate regression and significant variables included in a multivariable logistic regression analysis with ± radiographic progression [Δ total Sharp score (TSS) > 0] as dependent variable. Effect of time-averaged C-reactive protein (CRP), 28-joint Disease Activity Score with CRP (DAS28-CRP), and treatment status at followup were investigated with univariate regression analysis.

Results.

The study included 930 patients. They were 75% women, 79% positive for IgM-rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF), median age was 57 yrs (range 19–88), disease duration 9 yrs (1–59), DAS28-CRP 5.0 (1.4–7.8), TSS median 15 [3–45 interquartile range (IQR)] and mean 31 (SD 40). Patients started treatment with infliximab (59%), etanercept (18%), or adalimumab (23%). At followup (median 526 days, IQR 392–735), 61% were treated with the initial anti-TNF, 29% had switched TNF inhibitor, and 10% had withdrawn. Twenty-seven percent of patients had progressed radiographically. ΔTSS was median 0.0 [0.0–0.5 IQR/mean 0.6 (SD 2.4)] units/year. Higher TSS, older age, positive IgM-RF, and concomitant prednisolone at baseline were associated with radiographic progression. Time-averaged DAS28-CRP and time-averaged CRP, but not type of TNF inhibitor, were associated with radiographic progression. Patients who stopped/switched during followup progressed more than patients who continued treatment.

Conclusion.

High TSS, older age, IgM-RF positivity, and concomitant prednisolone were associated with radiographic progression during 2 years of followup of 930 anti-TNF–treated patients with RA in clinical practice. High disease activity and switching/stopping anti-TNF treatment were associated with radiographic progression.
Performance of the 2013 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Classification Criteria for Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) in Large, Well-defined Cohorts of SSc and Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
Authors: Hoffmann-Vold Anna-Maria , Gunnarsson Ragnar , Garen Torhild , Midtvedt Øyvind , Molberg Øyvind
Published: October 2014

Objective.

To assess the 2013 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) Classification Criteria for Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) on defined subgroups of SSc and in mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) as an SSc-related disease.

Methods.

The 2013 ACR/EULAR criteria were assessed in 425 consecutive patients suspected to have SSc and seen at Oslo University Hospital, and in the nationwide Norwegian MCTD cohort (n = 178). In the SSc group, 239/425 patients had disease duration < 3 years (in 82 of these, duration was < 1 yr). Patients were subgrouped as limited SSc (n = 294), diffuse SSc (n = 97), SSc sine scleroderma (n = 10), and early SSc (prescleroderma; n = 24). Item data were complete, except nailfold capillaroscopy and telangiectasia results, missing in the MCTD cohort.

Results.

The 2013 ACR/EULAR SSc criteria were met by 409/425 patients (96%) in the SSc group. For comparison, only 75% (293/391) met the 1980 ACR SSc classification criteria. All the novel items in the 2013 ACR/EULAR criteria were frequent in the SSc cohort. Considering that there were missing data on 2 items, 10% (18/178) of the MCTD cohort met the 2013 ACR/EULAR criteria, giving an estimated specificity of 90% toward this SSc-like disorder.

Conclusion.

In our large and representative group of consecutive patients with SSc, the 2013 ACR/EULAR SSc criteria were more sensitive than the ACR 1980 criteria. However, the new criteria did not completely segregate SSc from MCTD, making specificity a potential issue.
Afriqu'Orient : des relations à explorer
Authors: Abis Sébastien , Bennafla Karine
Published: October 2014

Si l’Afrique du Nord et le Moyen-Orient, d’une part, et l’Afrique subsaharienne d’autre part font chacune l’objet d’une littérature abondante, force est de constater que les relations entre ces deux aires régionales constituent, elles, un thème peu exploré et peu analysé . Cet « angle mort », ou du moins délaissé, de la recherche peut paraître étonnant. Et sans aucun doute regrettable car des dynamiques politiques, économiques, diplomatiques et militaires s’y déploient pour le meilleur et pour le pire.
Jacques Chevallier, l'Algérien
Authors: Chevallier Corinne
Published: October 2014

L’itinéraire politique de Jacques Chevallier, l’ancien maire d’Alger, est atypique à l’époque de l’Algérie coloniale. Partisan du dialogue entre Européens et nationalistes algériens dès les années 50, pour la reconnaissance des droits des Algériens puis d’une Algérie algérienne à terme où Pieds-noirs et Algériens auraient eu leur place, l’homme fut incompris et rejeté par sa communauté, malgré une popularité initiale. Cet article se veut une interprétation de cet échec à travers le parcours de l’homme et de l’histoire complexe des Pieds-noirs.
Un meta-terme dans le réseau terminologique de la complémentation : déterminer et ses dérivés aux xvi e et xvii e siècles
Authors: Fournier Jean-Marie
Published: October 2014

L’article propose de décrire la diversité et la plasticité des emplois de la notion de détermination dans le discours des grammairiens du français au cours de la période qui s’étend de la Renaissance à la fin du 17 e  siècle, avant l’ invention du complément qui le remplace dans certains de ses emplois à partir des travaux de Girard, Dumarsais et Beauzée. Il s’agit de montrer comment les grammairiens ont utilisé cette notion au spectre d’application très large, avant de la mobiliser spécifiquement dans le champ de la complémentation verbale, puis de lui préférer un terme plus spécifié. L’analyse s’appuie sur le relevé complet des occurrences du verbe déterminer et de ses dérivés, dressé à partir de l’exploitation du Grand Corpus des Grammaires Françaises des Remarques et des Traités sur la Langue (Classiques Garnier numérique), et consiste à étudier l’ensemble de leurs contextes d’emploi.
Rection nominale : retour sur les constructions évaluatives
Authors: Polguère Alain
Published: October 2014

Cet article se penche sur le cas des dépendances syntaxiques régies par le nom selon une approche descriptive qui est simultanément grammaticale et lexicographique. Après avoir précisé la notion de dépendance syntaxique régie par le nom, nous rappelons la nécessité de prendre en compte une partie de la modélisation de ces dépendances dans la description du régime syntaxique des unités lexicales – information idéalement incluse dans le dictionnaire. Nous analysons finalement dans cette perspective lexico-grammaticale le cas des constructions dites évaluatives .
L'art de la crise
Authors: Mangeot Philippe , Mangeot Nathalie , Patouillard Victoire
Published: October 2014

Résumé La crise actuelle de la propriété intellectuelle, qu’on dit compromise par les nouvelles technologies et menacée par le néo-libéralisme, ne doit pas faire oublier que la crise est, depuis l’origine, le régime des droits d’auteurs. On avait d’abord choisi de visiter leur histoire sous la houlette du juriste Bernard Edelmann, rencontré pour l’occasion. Comme on a trouvé le guide aussi irritant que passionnant, on s’en est souvent détaché.
Enquête d'auteurs
Authors: Celse Michel , Chottin Ariane , Lalande Aude , Mangeot Philippe , Revel Jeanne , Wajeman Lise
Published: October 2014

Résumé OLIVIER DUCASTEL, JACQUES MARTINEAU« qui est auteur au cinéma ? » Jacques Martineau et Olivier Ducastel ont signé à eux deux leurs deux long-métrages, Jeanne et le garçon formidable et Drôle de Félix. Ils préparent actuellement Loup-y-es-tu ? conçu pour et avec les élèves du Théâtre National de Strasbourg. Revenus. OD : Comme réalisateur, je touche un salaire de technicien, qui permet de bénéficier des droits ASSEDIC. Il s’agit d’une enveloppe forfaitaire qui comprend la préparation, le tournage et la (...)
Beaumarchais de l'art
Authors: Revel Jeanne
Published: October 2014

Résumé Les sociétés d’auteurs sont un maillon incontournable du dispositif de redistribution des droits d’auteurs. De taille et d’influence variables (90 000 adhérents revendiqués par la Sacem, quelques centaines pour la Seam), il y en a autant que de supports et de mode de reproduction des œuvres. Au-delà de la stricte gestion collective des droits, elles prétendent représenter les auteurs en cas d’atteinte à leurs droits aussi bien moraux que patrimoniaux. Nous avons contacté les principales, avec des succès divers : nous avons parlé à des juristes qui n’étaient pas habilités à représenter leur structure, à des chargés de communication ignorant tout du droit, à des vice-présidents renvoyant à l’avis de la Sacem (« On pense pareil qu’eux ») ou refusant de répondre. Trois de ces sociétés ont accepté de jouer le jeu de l’entretien sans toutefois se réfugier derrière l’autorité de la voisine.
L'auteur m'a tuer
Authors: Rema Anje
Published: October 2014

Résumé L’auteur, figure déjà criblée de doutes chez les critiques et les universitaires, nous semble régner encore, sous des formes diverses, en aval de ses droits, jusque dans notre rapport à l’œuvre. C’est à partir de ce constat que nous avons voulu ouvrir la boîte de Pandore des droits d’auteur, en observant comment, au-delà du cadre juridique qui prétend le protéger, il informe les pratiques sociales (car nous ne croyons pas à une exception artistique qui exclurait l’art du social vivant) dans lesquelles l’œuvre s’inscrit.
L'avortement sous expertise
Authors: Fassin Éric
Published: October 2014

Résumé Les lecteurs de Vacarme sont familiers d’Éric Fassin. Dans le n?4/5, il interrogeait les enjeux politiques de la rhértorique anti-américaine en France. Et c’est à ses travaux sur les politiques d’une expertise qui prétend échapper au politique, que nous avions consacré l’entretien d’ouverture du n?12. Il y parlait, entre autres, de la façon dont il en était venu, au nom de l’idée qu’il se fait de la sociologie, à travailler en conjonction avec des militants. C’est ce qu’il faisait encore le 5 janvier dernier à l’occasion du colloque « Avortement, droit de choisir et santé » organisé au Sénat par l’association Prochoix, dont les actes paraissent ces temps-ci aux éditions du même nom. Il y faisait le pari d’un recul de l’emprise de l’expertise en France. La nouvelle est trop encourageante pour ne pas lui donner un maximum de publicité.
Motion pictures
Authors: Bonnaud Irène , Doppelt Suzanne , Triau Christophe , Zilberfarb Sacha
Published: October 2014

Résumé Boxeurs, stades de football, gratte-ciel, réseaux de câbles dans la nuit, intensité du mouvement bloqué sur la toile : tel est l’univers pictural de Titina Maselli, qui partage sa vie et son travail entre Paris et Rome, mais dont la peinture - qui a inspiré de beaux textes, notamment de Giorgio Agamben et Jean-Luc Nancy, que nous reproduisons dans ce dossier - n’est reconnue qu’en Italie.
Capitaine crochet
Authors: Bonnaud Irène
Published: October 2014

Résumé Cet hiver, alors que Peter Stein organisait une compétition sportive à 1200 francs la place (l’intégrale du Faust de Goethe), deux mises en scène de Peter Zadek triomphaient à Vienne et à Bobigny : Rosmersholm d’Ibsen à l’Akademietheater et Hamlet de Shakespeare à la MC 93. La coïncidence des faits trahissait ce qu’on soupçonnait depuis longtemps : chez Stein, la vanité d’un théâtre monumental en fin de course, voulant tant signifier qu’il se retrouve vide de sens, célébrant les noces de la « grande culture allemande » et de ses merveilleux sponsors (« Mercedes, c’est de la bonne voiture ») ; chez Zadek, un metteur en scène et des comédiens au sommet de leur art, un théâtre de l’épure et du minimalisme, à l’apparence si simple - un plateau vide et un container en métal, d’où descendent les personnages comme des poupées d’enfant sortent de leur boîte, ou les quelques meubles d’un banal intérieur bourgeois.
Ameuter la vie
Authors: Ildefonse Frédérique
Published: October 2014

Résumé 1 Mahmoud Darwich explique qu’une des épreuves auxquelles il soumet les poèmes qu’il a écrits consiste à les oublier, pendant une longue période. Lorsqu’il les reprend, il abandonne les poèmes qu’il reconnaît. S’il a le sentiment que le poème est l’œuvre de quelqu’un d’autre, il sait alors que c’est un nouveau poème. Il ajoutait : « Mais finalement qui ce secret concerne-t-il ? »Je crois que ce secret nous concerne, et ne concerne pas seulement la poésie. Qu’il y ait quelque chose qui échappe, et que ce qui (...)
L'ethnisme est-il moins déshonorant que le racisme ?
Authors: Filleau Marie-Georges
Published: October 2014

Résumé « Guerres tribales » et « massacres inter-ethniques » : ces expressions journalistiques ont le double effet de fournir une interprétation aisée des conflits africains, et de nous en tenir à distance. La lecture d’un simple ouvrage rend l’oreille moins distraite à ces questions, et par là aux débats sur la françafrique. Rwanda, généalogie d’un génocide, de Dominique Franche, montre en quoi, pour ce pays, la « grille ethniste » est non seulement fausse, mais surtout inacceptable. Le génocide de 1994 n’était pas le paroxysme inévitable d’une guerre ethnique multiséculaire. Pourquoi, dès lors, nos hommes politiques et certains universitaires, relayés par les médias, l’ont-ils trop souvent décrit ainsi ?
pédés ostentatoires ?
Authors: Celse Michel
Published: October 2014

Résumé Le 26 avril dernier, Jospin déclarait qu’il est « important que notre pays reconnaisse pleinement les persécutions perpétrées durant l’Occupation contre certaines minorités – les réfugiés espagnols, les tziganes ou les homosexuels. » Il me semble que Jospin fait là un usage du terme de minorité encore impensable voici cinq ans dans la bouche d’un Premier ministre ou d’un leader d’un grand parti politique. Cet usage est, en l’espèce, plutôt intéressant et courageux, puisqu’il consiste à embrasser trois (...)
Au balcon
Authors: De Luca Erri , Valin Danièle
Published: October 2014

Résumé Parce que la cinquantième année d’une vie a un son de cloche jubilaire, rappelant que le plus long est fait. Parce qu’en plus elle coïncide avec l’oblitération du vingtième siècle, alors il arrive qu’on se mette au balcon et qu’en-dessous il n’y ait ni rue, ni paysage, mais directement le parcours géographique de sa propre vie. Il y a des balcons soudain panoramiques. De l’un d’eux, j’ai revu ébahi la ligne bancale de mes déplacements, le voyage d’une lézarde sur un mur. Elle partait d’une fenêtre haut (...)
Bifurcations
Authors: Bonnaud Irène , Guilloteau Laurent , Héricord Alix , Ildefonse Frédérique , Pinalie Germinal , Rema Anje , Revel Jeanne , Triau Christophe , Wajeman Lise , Zilberfarb Sacha
Published: October 2014

Résumé « Il n’y a pas et il n’y aura pas de consensus en Israël autre que sioniste, que passant par une nouvelle clarification de l’idéal sioniste. Ce n’est pas un vœu, c’est un fait. » – Pierre Zaoui, « Six jours en Israël », Vacarme 15
Haut les cœurs !
Authors: Coursin Isabelle , Renouard Jean-Philippe
Published: October 2014

Résumé entretien avec Patrick Sobelman, producteur
la Tour Montparnasse infernale
Authors: Renouard Jean-Philippe
Published: October 2014

Résumé entretien avec Antoine Dellugat, France 2 Cinéma
Glissements de terrains
Authors: Esquerre Arnaud , Gallienne Emmanuelle , Jobard Fabien , Lalande Aude , Zilberfarb Sacha
Published: October 2014

Résumé Entretien avec Jeanne Favret-Saada.
Villes défaites
Authors: Epstein Renaud
Published: October 2014

Résumé l’étrange engouement des élus locaux pour la fête
Rien de neuf sous le hangar ?
Authors: Fontaine Astrid
Published: October 2014

Résumé Toucher à la description juste de ce qui se joue au cœur des free parties suppose de s’y plonger tout entier, au risque de ne plus s’en déprendre. Peut-être est-ce là le prix nécessaire que le discours sur la fête doit payer pour ne pas se laisser prendre par les objectivations discursives, législatives ou policières, qui toutes participent, à un degré ou à un autre, à la labellisation méprisante de ces pratiques festives.
soupçons exploitables
Authors: Feher Michel
Published: October 2014

Résumé feuilleton "typologies", suite : la gauche serait-elle en train de céder à la droite la lutte contre l’antisémitisme ?
Laguniv'chineille
Authors: Doppelt Suzanne
Published: October 2014

Résumé Anthropomagie
Journal d'une femme de chambre (3)
Authors: Eff Carine
Published: October 2014

Résumé Troisième volet d’une grève improbable, celle de femmes de chambre africaines qui ont cessé le travail pendant un an (mars 2002-mars 2003).
puissance
Authors: Zaoui Pierre
Published: October 2014

Résumé feuilleton "politique et sensation", suite : ici, la sensation de puissance, constitutive de la sensibilité de gauche
Un observatoire de l'économie sociale rurale : la section agricole du musée social (1900-1914)
Authors: Savoye Antoine
Published: October 2014

Organisé en groupes d’expertise permanents, le Musée social a créé, dès l’origine, une « section agricole ». Son but était d’examiner l’agriculture du point de vue de l’économie sociale et d’en favoriser l’évolution en ce sens. Cette section a rassemblé des compétences provenant d’horizons de pensée et institutionnels variés, faisant d’elle une véritable académie de l’économie sociale rurale. L’article présente les acteurs de cette institution originale à ses débuts où l’influence des idées émanant de l’École de Le Play était très forte.