bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konflikt interesów w praktyce zawodów medycznych – Rekomendacje Komisji do spraw etyki w ochronie zdrowia (2013–2016)
Authors: Różyńska Joanna , Chańska Weronika , Łuków Paweł , Zielińska Eleonora , Chyrowicz Barbara , Karkowska Dorota , Hartman Jan
Published: September 2024

The following study is the result of the work of the Commission on Ethics in Health Care established by the Minister of Health by order of 24 May 2013. (Dz. Urz. Min. Zdrow. pos. 21 and 2014 pos. 70). The tasks of the Commission were to express opinions on ethical problems in health care, in particular on the application of new medical procedures and the exercise of medical professions. The Commission worked actively for only a few months. It was formally dissolved by an order of the subsequent Minister of Health of 20 January 2016. (Dz. Urz. Min. Zdrow. pos. 12).
Language evolution 'in silico'
Authors: Brochhagen Thomas
Published: September 2024

We all speak a language and have intuitions about it: from its vocabulary to the way words are put together according to its grammar. However, much is still to be understood about the processes that make language even possible and those that shape its evolution. Recent computational advances have enabled us to address these issues from new angles. This article highlights methods and findings that the age of computation has given rise to, from learning from large-scale data from thousands of languages to the evolution of languages created by artificial intelligence.
TopOMetry systematically learns and evaluates the latent dimensions of single-cell atlases
Authors: Sidarta-Oliveira Davi , Domingos Ana , Velloso Licio A
Published: September 2024

A core task in single-cell data analysis is recovering the latent dimensions encoding the genetic and epigenetic landscapes inhabited by cell types and lineages. However, consensus is lacking for optimal modeling and visualization approaches. Here, we propose these landscapes are ideally modeled as Riemannian manifolds, and present TopOMetry, a computational toolkit based on Laplacian-type operators to learn these manifolds. TopOMetry learns and evaluates dozens of possible representations systematically, eliminating the need to choose a single dimensional reduction method
a priori
. The learned visualizations preserve more original information than current PCA-based standards across single-cell and non-biological datasets. TopOMetry allows users to estimate intrinsic dimensionalities and visualize distortions with the Riemannian metric, among other challenging tasks. Illustrating its hypothesis generation power, TopOMetry suggests the existence of dozens of novel T cell subpopulations consistently found across public datasets that correspond to specific clonotypes. TopOMetry is available at https://github.com/davisidarta/topometry.
Identification of ERAD-dependent degrons for the endoplasmic reticulum lumen
Authors: Sharninghausen Rachel , Hwang Jiwon , Dennison Devon D , Baldridge Ryan D
Published: September 2024

Degrons are minimal protein features that are sufficient to target proteins for degradation. In most cases, degrons allow recognition by components of the cytosolic ubiquitin proteasome system. Currently, all of the identified degrons only function within the cytosol. Using
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
, we identified the first short linear sequences that function as degrons from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen. We show that when these degrons are transferred to proteins, they facilitate proteasomal degradation through the ERAD system. These degrons enable degradation of both luminal and integral membrane ER proteins, expanding the types of proteins that can be targeted for degradation in budding yeast and mammalian tissue culture. This discovery provides a framework to target proteins for degradation from the previously unreachable ER lumen and builds toward therapeutic approaches that exploit the highly-conserved ERAD system.
Development of a Marmoset Apparatus for Automated Pulling (MarmoAAP) to Study Cooperative Behaviors
Authors: Meisner Olivia C , Shi Weikang , Fagan Nicholas A , Greenwood Joel , Jadi Monika P , Nandy Anirvan S , Chang Steve WC
Published: September 2024

In recent years, the field of neuroscience has increasingly recognized the importance of studying animal behaviors in naturalistic environments to gain deeper insights into ethologically relevant behavioral processes and neural mechanisms. The common marmoset (
Callithrix jacchus
), due to its small size, prosocial nature, and genetic proximity to humans, has emerged as a pivotal model toward this effort. However, traditional research methodologies often fail to fully capture the nuances of marmoset social interactions and cooperative behaviors. To address this critical gap, we developed the Marmoset Apparatus for Automated Pulling (MarmoAAP), a novel behavioral apparatus designed for studying cooperative behaviors in common marmosets. MarmoAAP addresses the limitations of traditional behavioral research methods by enabling high-throughput, detailed behavior outputs that can be integrated with video and audio recordings, allowing for more nuanced and comprehensive analyses even in a naturalistic setting. We also highlight the flexibility of MarmoAAP in task parameter manipulation which accommodates a wide range of behaviors and individual animal capabilities. Furthermore, MarmoAAP provides a platform to perform investigations of neural activity underlying naturalistic social behaviors. MarmoAAP is a versatile and robust tool for advancing our understanding of primate behavior and related cognitive processes. This new apparatus bridges the gap between ethologically relevant animal behavior studies and neural investigations, paving the way for future research in cognitive and social neuroscience using marmosets as a model organism.
Fairness-enhancing classification methods for non-binary sensitive features—How to fairly detect leakages in water distribution systems
Authors: Strotherm Janine , Ashraf Inaam , Hammer Barbara
Published: September 2024

Especially if artificial intelligence (AI)-supported decisions affect the society, the fairness of such AI-based methodologies constitutes an important area of research. In this contribution, we investigate the applications of AI to the socioeconomically relevant infrastructure of water distribution systems (WDSs). We propose an appropriate definition of protected groups in WDSs and generalized definitions of group fairness, applicable even to multiple non-binary sensitive features, that provably coincide with existing definitions for a single binary sensitive feature. We demonstrate that typical methods for the detection of leakages in WDSs are unfair in this sense. Further, we thus propose a general fairness-enhancing framework as an extension of the specific leakage detection pipeline, but also for an arbitrary learning scheme, to increase the fairness of the AI-based algorithm. Finally, we evaluate and compare several specific instantiations of this framework on a toy and on a realistic WDS to show their utility.
Cholecystectomy and risk of cardiovascular disease, all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis
Authors: Song Yang , Wang Haishu , Xu Yaowen
Published: September 2024

Objective

Questions remain about the association among cholecystectomy, cardiovascular disease, all-cause and cause-specific mortality. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify these associations.

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to February 2024. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a DerSimonian–Laird random effects model.

Results

We screened 16,595 articles and included 14 studies. No significant association was found between cholecystectomy and cardiovascular disease (CVD), with RR being 1.03 (95% CI [0.77–1.37], p = 0.848, I2 = 99.6%), even in results with high heterogenous studies excluded (RR 1.20, 95% CI [0.97–1.49], p = 0.095, I2 = 77.7%). Same result was proved in its subtype, coronary heart disease (RR 1.06, 95% CI [0.84–1.33], p = 0.633, I2 = 96.6%). Cholecystectomy increased CVD risk compared with healthy controls without gallstones (RR 1.19, 95% CI [1.05–1.35], p = 0.007, I2 = 83.3%) and lowered CVD risk compared with gallstone carriers (RR 0.62, 95% CI [0.57–0.67], p < 0.001, I2 = 82.1%). As for mortality, increase in the risk for all-cause (RR 1.17, 95% CI [1.03–1.34], p = 0.020, I2 = 51.6%) and cardiovascular (RR 1.24, 95% CI [1.06–1.47], p = 0.009, I2 = 20.7%) mortality, but not for cancer mortality (RR 1.18, 95% CI [0.95–1.47], p = 0.131, I2 = 0.0%), were observed after cholecystectomy.

Conclusion

Cholecystectomy may not be associated with the overall development of CVD, as well as CHD. Cholecystectomized patients showed increased CVD risk compared with healthy controls without gallstones, but decreased CVD risk compared with gallstone patients. Increased risk for all-cause and cardiovascular, but not cancer mortality was observed following cholecystectomy.
La medición en un mundo desmedido : objetos arquitectónicos para medir los efectos del cambio climático en la Estación Patagonia UC
Authors:   , Chait Plaza Catalina
Published: September 2024

Esta tesis busca investigar la relación que se puede generar entre la arquitectura y la medición del cambio climático producido por el hombre en los últimos siglos. Tomando la arquitectura como modelo de investigación, en este caso de tres niveles (Búnker, Refugio y Cápsula), con el cual en diferentes medios, materiales y escalas poder medir variables dentro de un ecosistema. La medición de indicadores de cambio climático puede ser una respuesta positiva a este, ya que a través de esta es posible tomar conciencia de las condiciones del medio y así, poder estudiar las modificaciones que en este se producen y sus posibles causantes antrópicas. Se plantea un escenario a cincuenta años, en el cual se ha exacerbado el aumento de la temperatura y la cantidad de gases invernadero presentes en la tierra. En este, imitando características propias de la naturaleza, son inmersos objetos arquitectónicos buscando sentar bases de medición climática en la cuenca Exploradores en la región de Aysén. A través de un sistema de soporte vital basado en un ensamblaje tecnológico de gestión de recursos se busca la existencia y sobrevivencia humana en el medio medido.
Contextualización curricular en la formación inicial docente en la carrera de pedagogía en química de una universidad estatal regional
Authors:   , Cavada Cabrera Isabel
Published: September 2024

En los últimos años ha aparecido la problematización de la enseñanza de las ciencias exactas con la finalidad que las personas se alfabeticen científicamente y puedan tomar decisiones informadas. Para ello, el Ministerio de Educación y el Centro de Perfeccionamiento Experimentación e Investigaciones Pedagógicas (CPEIP) han modificado las bases curriculares en Ciencias Exactas e incorporado el estándar de contextualización en la Evaluación Nacional Diagnóstica de la Formación Inicial Docente en Química. Además, las universidades realizaron ajustes curriculares a nivel macro y micro curricular a partir de los resultados de esa prueba. El siguiente estudio aborda cómo la carrera de Pedagogía en Química de una Universidad Estatal Regional ha incorporado la contextualización curricular en su plan de estudios. La metodología utilizada es cualitativa, con entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes que imparten asignaturas de formación pedagógica y disciplinar. Los resultados apuntan a que las docentes incorporan de manera diferenciada la contextualización curricular, ya que en algunos casos incluyen el contexto mundial, los intereses de las(os) estudiantes, las prácticas pedagógicas en el aula y los contenidos disciplinares, pero con escasa atención a la diversidad cultural. Además, en su incorporación incluyen diversas estrategias y temáticas utilizadas en la FID en Química.
¿De la “joya del pacífico” al Valparaíso “decadente”? Ideología, materialidad y vida cotidiana en la Geografía de la urbanización porteña (1931-2023)
Authors:   , Vergara Constela Carlos
Published: September 2024

Bajo la perspectiva epistemológica de la producción del espacio, se propone un marco teórico referencial proveniente desde la geografía urbana marxista para estudiar el proceso de la urbanización en la ciudad de Valparaíso durante los últimos 90 años. Éste se analiza bajo su consideración como una totalidad abierta estructurada en función de una triada compuesta por lo ideológico, lo material y lo cotidiano, elementos que están en permanente movimiento. Metodológicamente se realiza una aproximación que combina técnicas de producción de datos cuantitativa y cualitativa. Respecto a lo primero se realizó un análisis estadístico a los Censos de Población y Vivienda, Industriales y Comerciales, como también a estadísticas provenientes del Servicio de Impuestos Internos. Respecto a lo cualitativo, se adoptó una perspectiva etnográfica que privilegió la observación, la cual, en algunos casos, devino en catastros específicos, donde se entremezcló con la estadística secundaria. Aquello no implico la no consideración del análisis documental de prensa, música, literatura, archivos fotográficos. El material fue analizado mediante análisis estadístico, análisis cualitativo estructural de discurso y análisis cartográfico. En función de ello se presentan tres grandes capítulos de análisis. El primero, donde se da cuenta de la estructuración ideológica que ha fundamentado la urbanización, el segundo, donde se discute el carácter periférico de la ciudad, a propósito de sus vicisitudes económico-políticas, y el tercero, donde se aborda la vida cotidiana en la ciudad, dando cuenta de ritmos, atmósferas, pertenencias y campos ciegos. Se concluye discutiendo el estado actual del proceso de urbanización de Valparaíso en función de la interacción constante entre los elementos que conforman esta triada.
Del tesoro humano vivo al inventario participativo : una contribución a la salvaguarda del patrimonio biocultural desde la colaboración entre museos y comunidades en Ñuble
Authors:   , Valdebenito Carrasco Yocelyn
Published: September 2024

La presente investigación cuestiona la categoría de Tesoros Humanos Vivos (THV) aplicada al tejido en cuelcha, como una forma de patrimonialización, cuyo diseño de política pública estaría basado en el “discurso patrimonial autorizado,” (Waterton y Smith, 2010) por lo que se plantea la hipótesis que en esta iniciativa habría una falla de reconocimiento. El carácter selectivo de la premiación, como THV a 31 colchanderos y colchanderas de Trehuaco, generó clivajes comunitarios y enfrentamientos, repercutiendo en que el oficio, aún hoy, se encuentre en peligro de desaparecer. A través de metodologías cualitativas, recopilación de información etnográfica y entrevistas semiestructuradas a colaboradores claves, se buscó recoger el impacto de esta iniciativa en el valle de Itata, analizar los principales obstáculos para la salvaguarda del tejido en cuelcha y examinar las formas de valoración de los diferentes actores, develando la asignación de significados a este oficio. Como solución al problema identificado, este estudio propone crear un Centro de Memorias Comunitarias del Patrimonio Biocultural que posibilite re-establecer lazos sociales entre las comunidades, diseñando colaborativamente con la red de museos de Ñuble, un inventario participativo. Se espera que esta intervención contribuya a la salvaguarda del tejido en cuelcha, como expresión de saberes, prácticas y memorias propias del territorio.
Diffusion, decoupling and inertia in regional economic organizations
Authors:   , Rojas de-Galarreta Federico
Published: September 2024

El regionalismo se mueve en olas, pero algunas dimensiones de la integración regional, como la delegación de autoridad, parecen aumentar sin importar las condiciones. Las teorías estándar de la integración europea no tienen una explicación para este fenómeno, la mayoría de los casos no se ajustan a sus expectativas teóricas. Mi tesis investiga la creciente tendencia a la delegación de autoridad en las Organizaciones Económicas Regionales (REOs) a lo largo de las últimas cuatro décadas y aborda la cuestión de por qué algunas REOs adoptan altos niveles de delegación a pesar de no tener ninguna necesidad funcional ni incentivo material para hacerlo. Mi argumento se basa en elementos del institucionalismo sociológico e histórico. Sostengo que la alta delegación en este conjunto de casos "desviados" se explica por una secuencia de difusión de diseño institucional por mímica, desacoplamiento e inercia institucional. Primero, afirmo que los niveles de delegación en estos casos pueden explicarse por la presencia de una difusión del diseño institucional por mímica, en la que las características se importan sólo bajo una lógica formal. A continuación, sostengo que la mímica conduce a desacoplamientos, es decir, a la desvinculación de las características importadas de su posterior aplicación. Por último, mantengo que esta secuencia genera una dinámica path-dependent de inercia institucional. En otras palabras, afirmo que parte de esta tendencia creciente a la delegación de autoridad es un artefacto de las normas formales. Por lo tanto, esta tesis ofrece un enfoque analítico alternativo al ir más allá de los incentivos materiales y funcionales. Esta tesis sigue una estrategia multi-método, con dos etapas anidadas. En primer lugar, realizo un análisis cuantitativo de los determinantes de la integración vertical, es decir, la delegación, y la puesta en común (pooling) de la autoridad. Luego, para probar la plausibilidad de mi argumento, analizo la adopción de órganos parlamentarios y judiciales en los casos del Mercosur y la Comunidad Andina. Este estudio demuestra que las teorías de la integración europea no logran explicar estas características institucionales, mientras que la difusión sí tiene algo que decir. También muestra que el argumento que expongo, basado en elementos del institucionalismo sociológico e histórico, es plausible y puede ofrecer una explicación para un conjunto de casos empíricos y teóricamente relevantes dentro de la literatura del regionalismo comparado.
Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of Fartlek Training and High-intensity Interval Training on VO2 max and Power on Volleyball Players: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gautam Nikita , Pal Sajjan , Rakheja Himanshu
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Volleyball is an Intermittent sport that requires players to compete in frequent short bouts of high-intensity exercise, which is followed by periods of low-intensity activity. Fartlek training is a very efficient cardiovascular interval training technique which is utilised by endurance athletes. The Fartlek exercise training that delivers both aerobic conditioning and strength and endurance is converging. High-intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is one form of technique and the appropriate form of exercise since it is very effective and efficient approach to enhance the desired of physical components of volleyball sports. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of the 6-week Fartlek Training and High-Intensity Interval Training program. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 national volleyball players were divided into three groups; Experiment one consisted of fartlek training, Experiment two consisted of high-intensity interval training, and a control group was given conventional training. The outcome variables measured were VO2 max and Power which was calculated before and after training. Fartlek training sessions include jogging, sand running, and sprinting whereas HIIT includes several exercises. Results: Data were significantly analysed by one-way ANOVA for within the group analysis and post hoc test were used for multiple comparison. Group A showed significance than group C in terms of VO2 max and power (p=0.003 and p=0.001) Group B showed significance than group C in VO2 max and power (both p=0.001). Conclusion: Group B, which underwent HIIT, demonstrated higher improvement in VO2 max compared to Group A, which underwent Fartlek training. However, both Group A (Fartlek training) and Group B (HIIT) showed significant improvements in terms of power.
Comparative Evaluation of the Impact of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (TDCS) Targeting the Cerebrum versus the Cerebellum on Balance Function in Individuals with Chronic Stroke: A Pilot Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Mandal Rituraj , Chatterjee Subhasish
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Balance impairment significantly impact the daily activities of individuals with chronic stroke, often stemming from issues like spasticity, muscle weakness, and other neurological symptoms. tDCS has shown promise in enhancing both balance and walking abilities among chronic stroke patients. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of anodal tDCS in enhancing balance performance among chronic stroke patients, comparing its effectiveness between stimulation of the cerebellum and the primary motor cortex region. Materials and Methods: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of anodal tDCS in enhancing balance performance among chronic stroke patients, comparing its effectiveness between stimulation of the cerebellum and the primary motor cortex region. Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in all outcome measures (TUG, BESS, MRMI, DGI) (p<0.05). Betweengroup analysis revealed significant changes in TUG, BESS, and DGI (p=0.0016, 0.019, 0.003 respectively). However, there was no significant change between groups in MRMI (p=0.528). Conclusion: Anodal cerebellar tDCS is more effective to improve balance and gait than Cerebral tDCS.
Jet engine - construction and modern development examples
Authors: Garwol Arkadiusz
Published: September 2024

The article presents the construction and operating principle of a turbine jet engine. The basic types of engines of this type are presented, such as single-rotor single-flow jet engines, single-flow dual-rotor engines (which are another development version of single-rotor engines, as well as dual-flow engines which are currently most commonly used in passenger aviation, and contra-rotating propeller engines and turbine propeller engines. Also presented their applications, such as propulsion of various types of. In the further part of this paper, the development trends of turbine jet engines are described, based on patents that have been granted in recent years. One of the cited patents is the use of a fuel cell to power an electric motor used to start a turbine jet engine. Also presented the concept of an electric motor providing propulsion of aircraft. An engine of this type is devoid of a turbine and a combustion chamber, and the machine shaft rotates only using electricity.
PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYTICAL STUDY OF CHURNODAKA
Authors: Hegde Aishwarya Laxmi , Pagad Archana B , KR Anusha , KM Anandhu
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Churnodaka a unique formulation quoted in Rasatarangini, is an uncommon liquid dosage form encompassed under rasashastra. Amlapitta is a disorder of vitiated agni caused by untimely, over intake of food when full, etc. Moreover, stressful life has further enhanced the risk. To imply, it is a lifestyle disorder. Churnodaka is one of the easy to prepare, simple formulations indicated in amlapitta & other koshta roga. A Special emphasis was given to preparation and analysis. Materials and Methods: Churnodaka was prepared by adding 2 ratti of sudha churna to 5 tola of water, left undisturbed for 3 yama, later filtered and stored. Observation and Results: Churnodaka is a transparent liquid. Physico-chemical parameters were analysed, under which pH of sudha churna, churnodaka and churnodaka with milk were importantly marked. Both sudha & churnodaka have alkaline pH, but of churnodaka is less compared to sudha. Discussion: pH of sudha churna suggests the high alkaline nature, which might have corroded the inner lining of GIT on ingestion. Hence a Formulation to dilute sudha to an extent that doesn’t burn the mucosa was formulated. Conclusion: A simple formulation with unique method of preparation where sudha is brought into therapeutically fit form.
The Interaction of Nickel (II) Ion with Ethylene Diamine (en) Chelate Using Ethaline (Ionic Liquid) as a Solvent
Authors: Ttaib K. El , Benhmid A. , Omar R. Hasan
Published: September 2024

For this experiment, this is the first time using 1 choline chloride (ChCl): 2 ethylene glycol (EG)based liquid (ethaline) to study the interaction between Ni (II) with ethylene diamine. Two of the optical methods for analyzing spectrophotometric measurements (continuous variations and molar ratio methods) have been utilized for determination of, the stoichiometry and whenever possible, the stability constants of the chelates formed. Job`s method was necessary to determine whether, the metal ion and the ligand ethylene diamine form one or more than one chelate, when more than one chelate formed, the results obtained depend on the maximum wavelength and for meaningful conclusions the wavelengths were carefully chosen. The empirical formulae of the chelates were further substantiated by the molar ratio method. The effect of time and temperature on the formation and stability of these chelates in solution is also investigated. The stability constants, K1, K2and K3 for the nickel (II) chelates were calculated by both optical methods, though reliable, and are comparable to literature values.
Sustaining Pollinator Diversity through Eco-friendly Management Strategies
Authors: Jarpla Mounika , Prasanna Malireddi , Bandhavi H. L. , M C Keerthi , S T Anil Kumar , Kumari Pooja , Pawar Priyanshu
Published: September 2024

Pollinators, encompassing a diverse array of insects and vertebrates, play a pivotal role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem health. This paper explores the significance of pollinators in global ecosystems, emphasizing their indispensable contribution to crop production, nutritional diversity, and the overall quality of human diets. However, current rates of species extinction, primarily driven by human impacts such as pesticide use, habitat loss, and climate change, pose grave threats to pollinator populations worldwide. Pesticides, particularly neonicotinoids, have been identified as a significant cause of bee colony losses, leading to issues like Colony Collapse Disorder and substantial declines in bee species. Additionally, factors such as habitat degradation, pathogens, and heavy metal pollution further exacerbate the decline of pollinators. Various conservation strategies are proposed to address these challenges, including habitat restoration, sustainable farming practices, and minimizing pesticide use through integrated pest management. Furthermore, the importance of genetically modified crops in mitigating adverse effects on pollinators is discussed, highlighting the need for evidence-based approaches to ensure the safety of these technologies. Raising awareness about the importance of pollinators and promoting sustainable agricultural practices are essential for safeguarding pollinator populations and ensuring global food security. Integrated Pest and Pollinator Management (IPPM) emerges as a promising approach to harmonize pest control with preserving beneficial species, offering a holistic strategy for sustainable crop production. Overall, concerted efforts at the individual, community, and policy levels are imperative to address the multifaceted challenges facing pollinators and to secure the resilience of ecosystems worldwide.
Assessment of Heterosis and inbreeding Depression for Yield, and its Associated Components Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Patel Harshita R. , Mistry P. M. , Patel P. B. , Patel Ashita , Patel Hardik R. , Patel G. M. , Prajapati M. R. , Patel D. P. , Ahir Vaishali J. , Jagtap P. K. , Patel V. B. , Shrivastava Alok
Published: September 2024

The present investigation entitled was carried out at Main Rice Research Centre, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari during kharif-2023 with an objectives to obtain information on manifestation of heterosis and extent of inbreeding depression involved in the inheritance of various yield attributing characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.). This study comprised three crosses using four diverse lines. The experimental material comprised of five generations each cross of pair parents i.e. P1, P2, F1, F2 and F3 of three different crosses were conducted in Compact Family Block Design with three replications during kharif 2023. For grain yield per plant all the three crosses (IRBB 55 × Mahisagar, IRBB 55 × GR-11 and IRBB 55 × TN-1) exhibited significant and positive relative heterosis as well as heterobeltiosis. Among them the highest mid parent heterosis of 39.67% and heterobeltiosis of 7.56% were exhibited by cross IRBB 55 × GR-11. This hybrid showed positive and significant relative heterosis for all the four important characters viz., productive tillers per plant, panicle length, grains per panicle and 100 grain weight. While, the inbreeding depression was found significant and positive for all the three crosses which is not desirable for grain yield per plant. Here, all the three crosses exhibited positive heterosis followed by positive inbreeding depression indicated that trait is under influence of non-additive type of gene action and heterosis breeding would be found rewarding for improvement for grain yield per plant.
Assessment on the Prevalence of Wilt of Lentil in Different Districts of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Sayyeda Sibte , Khan R. U.
Published: September 2024

A comprehensive field survey was carried out to evaluate the incidence of wilt of lentil during the rabi seasons of 2018-19 and 2019-20 across various farmer’s fields in different districts of western Uttar Pradesh. The pooled data of two years (2018-19 and 2019-20) revealed a significant variation in wilt incidence among the surveyed districts. The disease incidence ranged from 9.37 to 38.47 per cent with an overall average of 23.74%. The disease was present in each village across the ten districts surveyed, but significantly maximum disease incidence (38.47%) was recorded in Aligarh followed by Bulandshahr (34.83%), whereas, minimum per cent incidence was observed in district Muzaffarnagar (9.37%) followed by Saharanpur (11.86%). This variation highlights the need for region-specific management strategies to reduce the spread of lentil wilt.
Persistent extra‐radicular bacterial biofilm in endodontically treated human teeth: scanning electron microscopy analysis after apical surgery
Authors: Sousa Bruno Carvalho de , Gomes Fábio de Almeida , Ferreira Cláudio Maníglia , Rocha Márcia Maria de Negreiros Pinto , Barros Eduardo Bede , Albuquerque Diana Santana de
Published: February 2017

Biofilms are the main cause of endodontic failures. Even the best executed endodontic treatment can fail, when the infection is resistant to treatment or when it is located in inaccessible areas, such as the external surface of the root apex. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, by scanning electron microscopy, the presence of bacterial biofilm on endodontically treated teeth considered clinical failures and suitable for apical surgery. Root apices were collected from 20 teeth undergoing apical surgery and one negative control and analyzed under SEM. Digital photomicrographs of the root apices of 21 specimens at different magnifications were taken. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Apical biofilms were observed in 100% of root canal treatments considered endodontic failure. Topographical analysis of the root apices revealed areas of resorption, microcracks, and apical foramina in 90%, 80%, and 50% of cases, respectively. Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that endodontic failures present bacterial biofilm in areas inaccessible to conventional endodontic treatment, such as the external surfaces of the root apex.
Nanoscale electrical properties of ZnO nanorods grown by chemical bath deposition
Authors: Chen Sy‐Hann , Yu Chang‐Feng , Chien Chia‐Shan
Published: February 2017

Well‐aligned zinc oxide nanorod arrays (ZNAs) synthesized using chemical bath deposition were fabricated on a gallium‐doped zinc oxide substrate, and the effects of varying the precursor concentrations on the growth and nanoscale electrical properties of the ZNAs were investigated. The as‐synthesized ZNAs were characterized using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), conducting atomic force microscopy (CAFM), and scanning surface potential microscopy (SSPM). The FESEM and AFM images show that the growth rate in terms of length and diameter is highly sensitive to the precursor concentration. CAFM and SSPM analyses indicate that when concentrations of both the zinc acetate and hexamethylenetetramine solutions were 30 mM, the coverage percentages of the recordable and conducting regions on the ZNA surface were 48.3% and 0.9%, which is suitable for application in resistive random access memory devices.
Applying a goal‐driven model of science teacher cognition to the resolution of two anomalies in research on the relationship between science teacher education and classroom practice
Authors: Hutner Todd L. , Markman Arthur B.
Published: February 2017

Two anomalies continue to confound researchers and science teacher educators. First, new science teachers are quick to discard the pedagogy and practices that they learn in their teacher education programs in favor of a traditional, didactic approach to teaching science. Second, a discrepancy exists at all stages of science teachers’ careers between a science teacher's self‐reported pedagogical preferences and the behavior they exhibit during classroom observations. Previous attempts to resolve these anomalies draw upon models of teacher cognition that often prioritize beliefs or knowledge. In this paper, we resolve these anomalies and further elaborate the relationship between science teacher education and classroom practice via a goal‐driven model of cognition. Our model of goal‐driven cognition takes as its central premise that a science teacher's instructional practice is an attempt to satisfy one or more of their goals. While knowledge and beliefs play an important role in cognition, a teacher's goals are ultimately the mental constructs that engage the motivational and behavioral system, leading to action. In this paper, we first specify our goal‐driven model of cognition, and detail the role played by goals, beliefs and knowledge, and contextual information in cognition and action. When then compare our model to other theoretical approaches in research on science teacher cognition, showing how our model is distinct from these approaches. Next, we return to the two anomalies mentioned above, showing how a goal‐driven model resolves each. We also contrast our resolution with how the anomalies are resolved via a belief or knowledge driven model. We then provide implications of our theory for science teacher education, with respect to both course work and field experiences. Finally, we provide directions for future research, paying particular attention to ways to provide evidence in support of this theoretical approach. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 54:713–736, 2017
Characterization of Neck Strength in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Catenaccio Eva , Mu Weiya , Kaplan Atira , Fleysher Roman , Kim Namhee , Bachrach Tamar , Zughaft Sears Malka , Jaspan Oren , Caccese Jaclyn , Kim Mimi , Wagshul Mark , Stewart Walter F. , Lipton Richard B. , Lipton Michael L.
Published: February 2017

Background

The role of cervical muscle (neck) strength in traumatic brain and spine injury and chronic neck pain disorders is an area of active research. Characterization of the normal ranges of neck strength in healthy young adults is essential to designing future investigations of how strength may act as a modifier for risk and progression in head and neck disorders.

Objective

To develop a normative reference database of neck strength in a healthy young adult population, and to evaluate the relationship of neck strength to anthropometric measurements.

Design

Cross‐sectional.

Setting

An academic medical center research institution.

Participants

A total of 157 healthy young adults (18‐35 years of age) had their neck strength measured with fixed frame dynamometry (FFD) during 1 visit to establish a normative neck strength database.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measurements

Peak and average strength of the neck muscles were measured in extension, forward flexion, and right and left lateral flexion using FFD. The ranges of peak and average neck strength were characterized and correlated with anthropometric characteristics.

Results

In all, 157 subjects (84 male, 73 female; average age 27 years) were included in the normative sample. Neck strength ranged from 38 to 383 Newtons in men and from 15 to 223 Newtons in women. Normative data are provided for each gender in all 4 directions. Weight, body mass index, neck circumference, and estimated neck muscle volume were modestly correlated with neck strength in multiple directions (correlation coefficients < .4). In a multivariate regression model, weight in women and neck volume in men were significant predictors of neck strength.

Conclusions

Neck strength in healthy young adults exhibits a broad range, is significantly different in men from that in women, and correlates only modestly with anthropometric characteristics.

Level of Evidence

Not applicable.
Chronic administration of grape-seed polyphenols attenuates the development of hypertension and improves other cardiometabolic risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome in cafeteria diet-fed rats
Authors: Pons Zara , Margalef Maria , Bravo Francisca I. , Arola-Arnal Anna , Muguerza Begoña
Published: February 2017

The effects of grape-seed polyphenols against the development of hypertension and other cardiometabolic conditions associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) were studied in rats fed a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet, known as the cafeteria (CAF) diet. Two groups of Wistar rats were fed standard (STD) or CAF diets for 12 weeks. The CAF diet-fed rats were administered different doses of a low-molecular-weight grape-seed polyphenol extract (LM-GSPE) (25, 100 and 200 mg/kg per d) or vehicle daily, and the STD diet-fed rats were administered LM-GSPE (100 mg/kg per d) or vehicle using ten animals per group. Body weight (BW), waist perimeter (WP) and systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BP) by the tail-cuff method were recorded weekly. The animals were housed in metabolic chambers every 2 weeks to estimate daily food and liquid intakes and to collect faeces and urine samples. The plasma lipid profile was analysed at time 0 and on the 4th, 7th, 10th and 12th weeks of the experiment. Moreover, plasma leptin was measured at the end of the experiment. Results demonstrated that LM-GSPE, when administered with the CAF diet, attenuated the increase in BP, BW, WP and improved lipid metabolism in these animals. However, although the 25- and 100-mg/kg per d doses were sufficient to produce beneficial effects on BP and lipid metabolism, a 200-mg/kg per d dose was necessary to have an effect on BW and WP. The present findings suggest that LM-GSPE is a good candidate for a BP-lowering agent that can also ameliorate other conditions associated with the MetS.
Dense home-based recordings reveal typical and atypical development of tense/aspect in a child with delayed language development
Authors: CHIN IRIS , GOODWIN MATTHEW S. , VOSOUGHI SOROUSH , ROY DEB , NAIGLES LETITIA R.
Published: February 2017

Studies investigating the development of tense/aspect in children with developmental disorders have focused on production frequency and/or relied on short spontaneous speech samples. How children with developmental disorders use future forms/constructions is also unknown. The current study expands this literature by examining frequency, consistency, and productivity of past, present, and future usage, using the Speechome Recorder, which enables collection of dense, longitudinal audio-video recordings of children's speech. Samples were collected longitudinally in a child who was previously diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, but at the time of the study exhibited only language delay [Audrey], and a typically developing child [Cleo]. While Audrey was comparable to Cleo in frequency and productivity of tense/aspect use, she was atypical in her consistency and production of an unattested future form. Examining additional measures of densely collected speech samples may reveal subtle atypicalities that are missed when relying on only few typical measures of acquisition.
Resource efficient stochastic predictive control under packet dropouts
Authors: Mishra Prabhat K. , Chatterjee Debasish , Quevedo Daniel E.
Published: February 2017

This study presents a resource efficient framework for a class of stochastic control systems that utilises state dependent control strategies in order to reduce the online computational load. When the states are in a given neighbourhood of the desired operating point, the controller is switched off, and data from the feedback channel is not transmitted. Outside this neighbourhood, the authors pay close attention to the performance of the controller by adopting a stochastic predictive algorithm when the states are in a predefined comfort zone, and activate a recovery algorithm beyond the comfort zone that secures at least good qualitative properties. The authors demonstrate that the proposed controller leads to mean square boundedness of the closed loop states in the presence of stochastic noise, bounded control authority, and control channel erasures, while entailing a dramatic reduction in network traffic and computational resources.
Nitrosonium-Mediated Phenol–Arene Cross-Coupling Involving Direct C–H Activation
Authors: Eisenhofer Anna , Wille Uta , König Burkhard
Published: February 2017

The nitrosonium ion (NO+) is a highly versatile nitration and nitrosation reagent, as well as a strong one-electron oxidant. Herein, we describe an environmentally benign and mild method for the in situ formation of NO+ from readily available inorganic nitrate salts, i.e. lithium nitrate, through a finely tuned interplay between formic acid and MeOH, which are used as the solvent system. This methodology was applied to the NO+-induced oxidative C–H activation of methoxy-substituted phenols, which are versatile lignin-derived aromatic feedstocks, to achieve C–C cross-coupling reactions with arenes. The regeneration of NO+ by atmospheric molecular oxygen enables substoichiometric use of the nitrate.
Cormorant predation overlaps with fish communities and commercial-fishery interest in a Swedish lake
Authors: Ovegård M. K. , Öhman K. , Mikkelsen J. S. , Jepsen N.
Published: February 2017

The increase of the fish-eating cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) in Europe has resulted in conflicts with fisheries. In Lake Roxen, Sweden, cormorants are blamed for causing a decrease in fishery catches. To study and describe the potential effects that cormorants may have had on fish in the lake, their diet was analysed in relation to fish catches in gill-net surveys and fishery catches. Estimates of predation were achieved by ‘tag and recovery’ on eel, pike-perch and perch. Cormorants predated on the most common species and sizes, which were mainly smaller perch, ruffe and roach (mean sizes of 9, 8 and 13cm respectively). Tag recoveries from perch, eel and pike-perch detected predation estimates of 14, 7 and 15% respectively. From a highly eutrophic state, the lake has shown improvements in water quality and a development towards larger predatory fish was expected, but the results from gill-net surveys did not show this. Results indicated that cormorants and fisheries may both be responsible, but because cormorants remove more fish, they may be the main factor for the lack of recovery of large predatory fish. Their predation keeps recruitment high, but the number of fish that reach large sizes remains low.
Stroke-free Survival and Its Determinants in Patients with Symptomatic Vertebrobasilar Stenosis: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Qureshi Adnan I. , Suri M. Fareed K. , Ziai Wendy C. , Yahia Abutaher M. , Mohammad Yousef , Sen Souvik , Agarwal Pinky , Zaidat Osama O. , Suarez Jose I. , Wityk Robert J.
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE

We sought to determine the long-term stroke-free survival of patients who present with ischemic events related to intracranial vertebrobasilar stenosis.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort of patients diagnosed with symptomatic vertebrobasilar stenosis on the basis of magnetic resonance angiography and/or conventional angiography was identified at four academic medical centers. Patients' clinical and follow-up information was obtained through hospitalization records, clinic visits, and telephone interviews. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to determine the rate of stroke-free survival for a 5-year period. Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to determine the effect of demographic and clinical factors on stroke-free survival.

RESULTS

A total of 102 patients were included, whose mean age was 64 ± 12 years. Fifty-five (54%) of the patients were men. The mean follow-up period was 15 ± 15.9 months (range, 1–60 mo). During the follow-up period, 14 (14%) of the patients experienced recurrent stroke. The overall mortality rate was 21% (n = 21). Stroke-free survival, calculated by using the Kaplan-Meier curve, was 76% at 12 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 66–83%) and 48% at 5 years (95% CI, 27–65%). The risk of recurrent stroke was 10.9 per 100 patient-years, and the rate of recurrent stroke and/or death was 24.2 per 100 patient-years. Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that increasing age (hazards ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00–1.09) decreased stroke-free survival. Treatment with either antiplatelet agents or warfarin (hazards ratio, 0.018; 95% CI, 0.003–0.11) had a protective effect on stroke-free survival after adjusting for age, sex, race, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and lesion location.

CONCLUSION

A low rate of stroke-free survival is observed in patients with symptomatic vertebrobasilar stenosis. Further studies are required to evaluate new medical and endovascular treatment options for this group of patients to improve long-term stroke-free survival.