bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing User Association to mmWave with Network Slicing and QoS Prioritization from Sub-6 GHz Bands
Authors:   Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Ibanibo Tamunotonye Sotonye , Iyoloma Collins Iyaminapu ,   Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Published: February 2025

In order to increase network capacity and user experience, a move toward millimeter-wave spectrum use has become necessary due to the constraints of sub-6 GHz frequencies and the rising demand for mobile data. In this paper, we propose a mathematical framework to dynamically improve user association with mmWave bands using network slicing and Quality of Service (QoS) priority. A utility maximization algorithm that balances user demand, network load, and signal quality across accessible spectrum bands is one of the multi-tier optimization techniques used in the suggested model. Optimal changeover locations from sub-6 GHz to mmWave are predicted using a Markov Decision Process (MDP) based on environmental factors and real-time user mobility. According to simulation data, under conditions of peak demand, this technique can improve user offload to mmWave by up to 50% while reducing congestion on sub-6 GHz bands by 30%. Furthermore, QoS priority ensures that customers encounter the least amount of disturbance when switching between frequency tiers by improving latency-sensitive application performance by an average of 20%. These results demonstrate how network slicing in conjunction with QoS-driven regulations can optimize network capacity, dynamically balance frequency allocation, and guarantee uninterrupted connectivity for next-generation mobile networks.
A Brigada Eskwela Journey: A Phenomenological Research on the Life of a Teacher
Authors:   Lao-ingen Elementary School, T. Lopez Florence
Published: February 2025

Quality education commences from the preparation of the school and learning materials during the Brigada eskwela. For it kick started the learning process by proving the learners with a conducive learning environment and adequate learning materials through our teachers and school administrators. This study then described the lived experiences of the teachers in the conduct of the brigada eskwela 2024. Particularly, it focused on their experiences considering the adequacy of resources used and the community involvement. Also it presents the total viewpoint of the teachers on their involvement in the Brigada eskwela. The research used the Phenomenological Approach as it deals with personal experiences of the participants and were analyzed using the methods of thematic analysis. Findings revealed that with the inadequacy of resources that were used, teachers would always resort to themselves when support from the community and the school is not sufficient. Furthermore, the presence of community in the accomplishment of the tasks laid out shows unity and willing help from the people. Also, it found out that with all the hardships they have experienced, the success of Brigada Eskwela 2024 was nothing compared to it. In addition, teachers could not have this success without the eagerness of the community to support in all kinds. Finally, it is recommended that studies on viewpoint of schools bigger group of teachers will be conducted to provide more local based perceptions on the conduct of brigada eskwela.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Village Funds in Reducing Rice Agricultural Production Costs: A Case Study from Bicak Village, Mojokerto Regency, Indonesia
Authors:   Agribusiness Department, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia, Ratnasari Yunita Dwi , Tain Anas ,   Agribusiness Department, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia, . Damat ,   Agribusiness Department, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia
Published: February 2025

The Village Fund program in Indonesia is designed to improve rural economic development, including agricultural productivity. However, its role in reducing the cost of rice agricultural production is still less explored, especially in the local context. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of village funds in reducing the production cost of rice farming in Bicak Village, Mojokerto, Indonesia. Using a mixed-methods approach that combines survey data, in-depth interviews with 68 farmers, and financial analysis, the study provides a comprehensive assessment. The results show that the construction of farming roads and the construction of irrigation canals using the budget from the Village Fund have significantly increased the net income of farmers by 26%, several components of farming costs have decreased, namely labor, land cultivation and the use of agricultural equipment (water pumps), another impact is that land rental costs have increased because access to agricultural land is getting easier and smoother. It was concluded that the Village Fund can effectively support cost-effective rice farming, and the right allocation of resources is very important. Future programs should prioritize transparent fund management and training for farmers. This study provides new insights into the intersection between rural development policies and agricultural cost management.
Representation of the Campaign Support for Presidential Candidate Ganjar Pranowo In White Hair (Rambut Putih) Song by NDX AKA
Authors:   Java Language Education Study Program Graduate Program Faculty of Languages, Arts and Culture Yogyakarta State University Jl. Colombo Yogyakarta No. 1, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia., Arum Ayuninda Sekar , .. Mulyana ,   Java Language Education Study Program Graduate Program Faculty of Languages, Arts and Culture Yogyakarta State University Jl. Colombo Yogyakarta No. 1, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
Published: February 2025

This study aims to describe the structure and social cognition contained in the lyrics of the song White Hair. So that listeners of the Javanese song can know in depth what meaning is actually conveyed by the author through the song. This research uses the critical discourse analysis approach by Teun Van Djik to analyze data from the lyrics of the song Rambut Putih by NDX AKA. The results showed that there are 3 structures in the lyrics of the song Rambut Putih, namely: 1) macro structure that shows the theme of the song is support for Presidential Candidate Ganjar Pranowo, 2) superstructure that shows schematic elements that explain the full support for presidential candidate Ganjar Pranowo, 3) micro structure that shows semantic, syntactic, stylistic elements that show the lexicon "sat-set", and rhetorical elements of Rambut Putih song lyrics that show an invitation to support presidential candidate Ganjar described by the word White Hair. In social cognition, it was found that the knowledge aspect shows the author's experience of feeling betrayed by the previous leader's promises that were not kept. Furthermore, in the aspects of opinion and attitude, it is shown that the author thinks that if he chooses the White Hair, he will get happiness because his work is one-set, fast, and clear.
Analysis of the Efficiency Level of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia using Data Envelopment Analysis (2019-2023 Period)
Authors:   State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia., Fadlillah Fauzukhaq Muhammad , Kurnia Yulianton ,   State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia.
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyses the level of efficiency and factors that cause the inefficiency of Islamic Commercial Banks (BUS) in Indonesia in 2019-2023. The study used a purposive sampling of 11 Islamic commercial banks. The data analysis method used in this research uses the Data Envelopment Analysis method through input-oriented measurement and the VRS model, with data processing tools, namely the Win4Deap 2 application. This research shows that the efficiency level of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia during 2019-2023 tends to fluctuate. Only one Islamic Commercial Bank whose efficiency level is perfect with a 100% score is BJB Syariah. As for the inefficiency analysis, the cause of inefficiency occurred in the input and output variables. The third-party fund variable became the most significant contributor that caused inefficiency in the Islamic Commercial Bank, which was 31%.
Competencia de los Juzgados de lo Social para conocer de las acciones derivadas de las formas alternativas de contratación de los prestadores de servicios desde la perspectiva del Tribunal Supremo
Authors: Wahle José Carlos , de Figueiredo Araujo Rodrigo
Published: February 2025

Después de 80 años de su creación y casi 20 años desde la Enmienda Constitucional que estableció los contornos de su competencia, los Tribunales del Trabajo se enfrentan a un conflicto jurisprudencial sin precedentes con el Tribunal Supremo y su inclinación a equilibrar la protección tradicional del régimen laboral con la autonomía de la voluntad de las partes y la libre iniciativa de la nueva dinámica económica. El presente estudio pretende analizar el entendimiento que ha esbozado el Supremo Tribunal Federal sobre la validez de las diferentes formas de contratación permitidas por el ordenamiento jurídico del Brasil y si los tribunales laborales tienen competencia para conocer de los conflictos derivados de estos contratos, tal y como establece el artículo 114, I, de la Constitución de 1988, modificado por la CE n.º 45/2004. Aunque el Supremo Tribunal Federal y los Tribunales Regionales de Trabajo estén de acuerdo en que la forma del contrato no subsiste si los hechos revelan que el trabajo se realizó de forma subordinada, el Tribunal Constitucional y los Tribunales de Trabajo siguen discrepando sobre la validez a priori de regímenes jurídicos alternativos al contrato de trabajo, como en los ejemplos de las profesiones reguladas y de los conductores de aplicaciones de transporte, como se desprende de las diversas decisiones recientes dictadas por el Supremo Tribunal en el juicio de Reclamaciones Constitucionales.
El impulso de oficio en la etapa de ejecución en los procesos laborales de menor cuantía
Authors: Vásquez Rosales Karol
Published: February 2025

El presente trabajo se ha elaborado con dos objetivos. El primero es exponer las razones por las cuales el impulso de oficio en la etapa de ejecución de los procesos laborales es una obligación de los jueces para hacer realidad el derecho a la tutela jurisdiccional efectiva. El segundo es presentar la práctica de este impulso de oficio en un juzgado de paz letrado laboral y las consecuencias de ello. A partir de tales propósitos, se llegó a la conclusión de que, por el derecho a la tutela jurisdiccional contenido en diversos mandatos legales, constitucionales y convencionales, el juez tiene la obligación intrínseca de asegurar necesariamente la efectividad de las sentencias, labor que debe realizarla de oficio, de tal manera que además de generar la satisfacción material del vencedor del proceso, ayuda a mejorar la confianza en el Poder Judicial. Adicionalmente, para dicha ejecución oficiosa, los jueces cuentan con diversas facultades legales, labor oficiosa que solo la realizarán aquellos jueces convencidos de que la tutela jurisdiccional efectiva es un derecho fundamental. Finalmente, a partir de la práctica del impulso de oficio en un juzgado de paz letrado laboral mostrado en este trabajo, se evidenció que se viene logrando culminar los procesos judiciales con ejecución total de la sentencia en un plazo menor a un año.
El despido en el periodo de prueba y los derechos fundamentales del trabajador
Authors: De La Cruz Jaime Gerónimo
Published: February 2025

La presente investigación surge ante la necesidad de brindar una real protección a miles de trabajadores que son despedidos injustificadamente durante el periodo de prueba, a quienes se vulnera e derecho al trabajo. La justificación e importancia para estudiar el instituto del periodo de prueba se debe al desinterés legislativo sobre los derechos fundamentales de un sector vulnerable en el ámbito laboral, los trabajadores. En esa línea de ideas, el artículo en mención analiza doctrinaria y jurisprudencialmente la figura del periodo de prueba con el objetivo de identificar la verdadera naturaleza y fundamento de este instituto, lo que coadyuvará para determinar en qué supuestos se constituyen los despidos como arbitrarios durante este periodo de prueba. La investigación determina que, por regla general, los despidos dados durante el periodo de prueba se dan a discreción particular del empleador; sin embargo, tales despidos deben estar en sujeción a la ley, de lo contrario, estos serán arbitrarios.
El teletrabajo en el Perú
Authors: Arévalo Vela Javier
Published: February 2025

El artículo aborda los derechos y las obligaciones del teletrabajo, y resalta la importancia de la prestación personal, la subordinación y la confidencialidad. Destaca la necesidad de respetar la jornada laboral y garantizar periodos de desconexión digital, en línea con la legislación francesa adoptada por Perú. Se enfatiza la seguridad y salud en el teletrabajo, con obligaciones para el empleador en la prevención de riesgos y la investigación de accidentes. Además, se promueve la contratación de poblaciones vulnerables en el teletrabajo y se les proporciona preferencia en la modalidad laboral siempre que cumplan con los requisitos del cargo. Los objetivos del artículo incluyen clarificar las responsabilidades de los teletrabajadores y los empleadores, así como promover condiciones laborales seguras y equitativas, incluso para poblaciones vulnerables. Se busca también resaltar los beneficios del teletrabajo tanto para empleadores como para trabajadores, como la reducción de costos y la expansión de oportunidades laborales. Asimismo, se desarrolla una propuesta a fin de impulsar el teletrabajo en el Perú. El presente desarrollo nos permite concluir que el teletrabajo se presenta como una modalidad moderna que altera algunos elementos típicos de la relación laboral, pero mantiene intactos sus componentes esenciales; favorece tanto a empleadores como a trabajadores al permitir reducción de costos, mayor productividad y acceso a oportunidades laborales, mientras se garantizan derechos fundamentales y condiciones laborales seguras; y se destaca la importancia de promover la inclusión laboral de poblaciones vulnerables, asegurando su acceso al teletrabajo en igualdad de condiciones.
Childhood Maltreatment and its Effect on Mental Health among Adolescents
Authors: Jasim Ahmed Qayssar , Sajit Kareem Rishaq , Hussein Hassan Ali
Published: February 2025

Background: Clearly, mental health is a crucial aspect of physical health. It is a necessary component of having the ability to live a happy and full life. Psychological abuse as a form of child maltreatment can have a serious effect on mental health. The main objectives of the study were to assess the level of childhood maltreatment and looked at how psychological and physical maltreatment affected the mental health of Iraqi adolescents. in order to achieve the objectives of the study. Methods: A predictive correlation design was used in current study carried during January-August 2024One hundred adolescents (13-16 years; 50 males, 50 females) were recruited by convenience sample method and interviewed by using the Child Maltreatment scale, possible psychiatric diagnosis and current psychological and behavioral problems using the Mental Health Inventory, Content validity: was presented to a panel of 10 experts of psychologists in some hospitals and some faculty members at the University of Baghdad. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression, Chi square were used to analyze data. Results: The results revealed less than half of the sample experiencing low level of parental childhood abuse (41%) which is the high percentage and 38% are exposed to moderate level and two third experiencing fair mental health problems. Also parental childhood abuse no significantly predicted with mental health variables. The results show that there is a need for stronger defenses against childhood maltreatment. Conclusions: Gaining better psychological health always pays off because it enhances all facets of one's life. The findings emphasize the necessity of routinely screening child workers for mental health issues and the importance of taking emotional abuse into account in all preventive measures taken to stop child maltreatment as well as in efforts made to treat it to decrease its detrimental effects on both present and future mental health.
Promoting Oral Health Practices among Tribal Irulas children from Nilgiris Hills of Tamil Nadu: An Interventional Approach and its Effects
Authors: Hiranya S. , Chellappa Lalitha Rani , Indiran Meignana Arumugham
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Oral health refers to the condition of the mouth and its various components, including the teeth, gums, tongue and other oral tissues. It encompasses the absence of diseases or disorders in the oral cavity and the overall well-being of these structures. Tribals of Tamil Nadu have very limited access to dental care and has an immediate need to be studied. Therefore the aim was the present study was to assess the oral health status, dental caries experience and oral hygiene habits of the Irula tribal children in the Gudalur area and to improve the oral hygiene habits and oral hygiene status by giving health intervention and education. Methods: This interventional trial was conducted in the Gudalur tribal area of Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu, between June and August 2023. The study involved 110 students from three randomly selected high schools. Children from grades 8 to 10 were chosen . Baseline data was collected using a pre-validated questionnaire covering oral hygiene habits and dental exams were conducted by a qualified dentist using the WHO oral health survey method. The DMF and OHI-S indices were used to assess dental health and oral hygiene. After three months, the same dentist re-examined the students and changes in the DMFT and OHI-S scores were analyzed. Data was analyzed using SPSS software, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results: Boys constituted 68.56% of the participants, while girls constituted 31.44%. Brush and paste were used by almost 85.65% of students to clean their teeth, while 7.35% used finger-toothpowder. Some used neem sticks, masheri, or fingers for teeth cleaning. Additionally, 85.25% of students brushed their teeth once daily, while only 14.75% brushed twice a day. Oral hygiene status signficantly improved after the health intervention. Conclusion: It is evident that tribal students require improved oral health practices, as highlighted by the study. Toothache emerged as the most common oral health problem among them, emphasizing the necessity of preventive measures and regular dental check-ups.
Comparative Analysis of ELISA (IgG, IgM) and Real-time PCR for Accurate Cytomegalovirus Detection in Women with Abortion Experiences
Authors: Hameed Haddad Mustafa Fadhil , Fakhar Haniyeh Bashi Zadeh , Ahmed Fatima Adnan , Hameed Alhasan Marwah Ali , Abdullah Basima Ahmed , Shahab Nawar Yaseen
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the association between cytomegalovirus (CMV) and abortion in 150 women using diagnostic methods (ELISA and Real-time PCR targeting the Ul55 gene). The research reveals a CMV prevalence of 13.53%, with significant correlations between CMV infection and sexually transmitted diseases, multiple sexual partners, recurrent miscarriages and headache/fever. Sensitivity and specificity for IgG in detecting CMV infection were 100% and 6.12%, while for IgM, they were 78.26% and 100%, respectively. The optimal cut- points for IgG and IgM were identified at 145.65 mg/dL and 4.5 mg/dL, demonstrating sensitivities of 65% and 96%, specificities of 25% and 95% and AUCs of 0.45 and 0.95, respectively. Real Time PCR, the gold standard for pathogen detection, outperforms ELISA as a screening test for CMV infections, especially in detecting IgG. This study underscores the significance of molecular methods, recommending their stronger and faster application for effective cytomegalovirus detection.
Keywords
A Study to Assess the Practice and Attitude Regarding the Effects of Consanguineous Marriage in Selected Community Areas
Authors: Palaniammal S.
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Consanguineous marriages, defined as unions between individuals who are related by blood, are a significant cultural practice in India, particularly in certain regions and communities. Aim: The study aims to assess the Practice and attitude regarding the effects of consanguineous marriage in selected community areas. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study will be conducted in rural area of Tamil Nadu, which has been selected. A selected rural area and young adults, aged 18 to 30 years will be used as the study population. For this study the sample size is 140. The participants are selected by using a simple random sampling technique. Result: The result of the study showed that in the aspect of knowledge, 71.43% were aware of consanguineous marriage, while 64.29% acknowledged that knowledge of genetic risks of consanguineous marriage. In practice 57.14 percent in the family were consanguineous and at the same time only 21.43 percent were getting genetic risk consultations. Significant associations between marital status and consanguineous marriage history with knowledge. Conclusion: The study concluded that the study concluded that the complicated relationship among consanguinity, knowledge, practice and socio-cultural factors in consanguineous marriages in India. Developing culturally sensitive health education programs is critical to decrease health risk while respecting cultural traditions.
Cultural Influences on Oral Health: Insight from Tribes in Jawadhu Hills of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Kayal V.M. , Chellappa Lalitha Rani , Indiran Meignana Arumugham
Published: February 2025

Background: Even though oral health is highly valued in Tamil Nadu, tribal nomads have a difficult time getting access to quality dental treatment. Disparities in access to oral health care are made worse by a lack of adequate healthcare infrastructure, which includes a dearth of dental offices and qualified personnel in remote and nomadic locations. Despite their rich cultural heritage, nomadic communities often face marginalization and socioeconomic challenges, which can impact their access to healthcare services, including oral healthcare. Understanding the oral health beliefs, traditional practices and overall oral health status of these nomadic groups is therefore crucial for designing effective healthcare interventions tailored to their specific needs. Therefore the aim of the current study was to understand their cultural practices and their association with oral health status. Aim: To evaluate and oral health status and their knowledge, perceptions and practice of oral health among tribal gypsies in Jawadhu Hills of Tamilnadu. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among nomadic populations residing in Tamil Nadu. Data collection employed a prevalidated questionnaire covering socio-demographic details and 10 questions on oral health perceptions, attitudes, beliefs and practices. Oral health status data were gathered using the WHO proforma 2013 and oral examinations (ADA Type III) were conducted by a single trained examiner with good intra-examiner reproducibility (kappa value of 0.8) after training and calibration. Version 26 of IBM SPSS (software statistical package for social sciences) was used to conduct the statistical analysis. There was use of descriptive statistics, such as frequencies and percentages. In order to identify significant differences at p<0.05, the Chi-Square test was used. Result: The consolidated data from the study reflects that the most commonly observed dental condition was dental erosion (19.41%), followed by dental trauma (7.89%).A highly significant association was found between enduring pain as a perceived weakness and avoiding dentists due to dignity, with a p-value <0.001. 82.38% of participants self-treated themselves, with 59.04% believing home remedies were better than treatments offered by dentists; the association between these two was highly significant (p<0.01). The oral health practices of the Indian tribal population are diverse and often influenced by traditional methods and beliefs. The tribes have poor periodontal health status due to their isolation, awareness and less accessibility to dental resources. There is a need to improve the level of education and knowledge related to oral health among the tribal population for overall improvement of oral health-related quality of life.
Prevalence and Factors Influencing Insomnia among College Students in a Private University in Chennai
Authors: Rajinikanth Suba B. , Priya G. Vishnu , Raj Rajkumar Densingh Samuel , Arulselvan Deepak , Rekha U. Vidhya
Published: February 2025

Objectives: The review of national and international literature, indicates that upto 75% of college students face intermittent sleep disturbances, and 15% report persistent declines in sleep quality. This study is aimed to estimate the prevalence of insomnia among college students and identify the factors that influence insomnia. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in institutions affiliated with the Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, involving 1,222 students aged between 18 to 25 years, from December 2022 to April 2023. Participant information was acquired using a standardised proforma. Demographic details and anthropometric measurements were meticulously recorded during data collection. The data collection involved administering a questionnaire to gather pertinent information from study participants. Results: The study population included 580 (47.5%) females and 642 (52.5%) males, distributed across academic years, as follows: 476 (39%) in the second year, 324 (26.5%) in the third year, 240 (19.6%) in the fourth year, 172 (14.1%) in the first year, and 10 (0.8%) in the fifth year. Body Mass Index classifications were 12.9% underweight, 50.1% normal weight, 23.9% overweight, and 13.1% obese. The Global PSOI Score analysis revealed a significant negative correlation with age (ρ = -0.098, p=0.001). Noteworthy patterns were observed across demographic categories, with significant variations according to sex, academic year, BMI, and type of residence. Conclusion: This study provides crucial insights into the complex relationship between demographic factors and perceived stress as sleep disturbances among college students, emphasising the need for tailored interventions to mitigate stressors and enhance well-being in this population.
Assessment of Dye Penetration and Penetration Depth of Hydrophilic Sealant and Flowable Composite
Authors: Nair Vedha. R. , Prabakar Jayashri , Jeevanandan Ganesh , Shanmugam Rajeshkumar
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Pit and fissure sealants provide a protective barrier against microbial infiltration and plaque accumulation, effectively reducing the risk of occlusal caries. However, microleakage remains a significant challenge, influencing sealant efficacy. This study evaluates and compares the penetration depth and microleakage of hydrophilic sealants and flowable composites under in vitro conditions. Methods: Twenty extracted third molars with deep pits and fissures were randomly divided into two groups. Acid etching was performed using 37% orthophosphoric acid, followed by the application of either a hydrophilic sealant or a flowable composite. Samples were immersed in 1% Methylene blue dye for 24 hours to assess microleakage. After sectioning, penetration depth was measured using a stereo-microscope. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software (Version 20.0, IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA) with the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The hydrophilic sealant group exhibited significantly lower dye penetration and higher penetration depth percentages compared to the flowable composite group, indicating superior sealing properties and adaptability. Conclusion: Hydrophilic sealants demonstrated better performance in terms of reduced microleakage and enhanced penetration depth compared to flowable composites, making them a promising choice for fissure sealing, particularly in conditions with moisture challenges. Further studies are recommended to confirm these findings and assess long-term clinical performance.
Comparative Evaluation of Microhardness of Hydrophilic Sealant and Flowable Composite on Permanent Molars- in vitro Study
Authors: Rakshitha V.S. , Prabakar Jayashri , Jeevanandan Ganesh , Shanmugam Rajeshkumar
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Dental caries, or tooth decay, is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases globally. Despite advancements in oral hygiene practices and widespread fluoride use, these measures have proven less effective against occlusal caries compared to smooth-surface caries. Hydrophilic sealants and flowable composites are commonly employed as sealing materials to address this issue. This in-vitro study evaluates the comparative microhardness of hydrophilic sealants and flowable composites, with a focus on their potential clinical applications. Methods: Ten extracted molar samples were divided into two groups: Group I (Ultra-seal XT Hydro sealant) and Group II (Ivoclar Tetric n Flow composite). Each group was further subdivided into immediate and ageing subgroups. Mesiodistal sectioning of the teeth was performed and each tooth was sectioned into two halves using a low-speed diamond cutting blade. One-half was subjected to immediate microhardness testing, while the other underwent thermocycling to simulate ageing. A slot was created on the buccal surface, which was then etched, sealed and light-cured. Microhardness was measured using a Vickers hardness tester under a 200 g force for 20 seconds. Thermocycling involved immersion in a water bath at temperatures ranging from 5°C to 55°C for 15 seconds at each degree, followed by a 10-second dwell time, over 1500 cycles. Statistical analysis included the Mann-Whitney U test to compare groups and the Wilcoxon test to assess differences within groups. Results: The immediate mean microhardness for Group I (26±3.70) was higher than Group II (21.38±6.15), but the difference was statistically insignificant. Similarly, ageing microhardness values for Group I (27.62±5.61) were higher than Group II (24.12±6.92), with no statistically significant difference. Within-group analysis using the Wilcoxon test revealed no significant differences between immediate and ageing subgroups. Conclusion: While no statistically significant differences were observed, hydrophilic sealants demonstrated slightly higher microhardness values than flowable composites. These findings underscore the potential of hydrophilic sealants in clinical applications, though further in-vivo studies are needed to validate their long-term performance and practical relevance.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЗАЩИТЫ ПРАВ КЛИЕНТОВ БАНКОВ ПРИРАССМОТРЕНИИ СУДАМИ ДЕЛ, СВЯЗАННЫХ СИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ИНТЕРНЕТ-БАНКИНГА
Authors: Елубаева Шынар
Published: February 2025

This article is devoted to the actual problems of judicialprotection of the rights of bank customers related to the use of Internet banking.The current state of measures taken by the state to protect the rights of consumersof financial services in this area is analyzed, with an emphasis on the results ofjudicial review of cases on claims of affected customers. In particular, theproblem of assigning responsibility by banks to the client for the security oftransactions in Internet banking and the complexity of proving the bank's guiltis considered, resulting in negative judicial practice that does not contribute tothe protection of affected customers. The article contains proposals to strengthenthe protection of the rights of Internet banking customers.
The manifestation of Cadre deployment in selected SOWETO public schools: Voices of teachers in despair
Authors: Mkhomi Moses Sipho
Published: February 2025

Cadre deployment in South African Public Schools is steadily becoming a norm than an exception and breeds protracted intergroup conflicts as promotional posts are reserved for politically aligned teacher union members. These conflicts affect the quality of teaching and learning, as the focus of the teachers move from the primary purpose of teaching to contestation for senior posts.  This paper uses Intergroup Conflict Theory and Dynamic Conflict Theory as lenses to explore and explain the intergroup conflicts as manifested in South African Public Schools because of sustained application of cadre deployment. The interpretivism paradigm was employed in this study. Qualitative research approach was used to collect data from 6 teachers, in 3 selected SOWETO schools. The findings of this study revealed that, despite the SADTU’s denial of involvement in pursing cadre deployment, this practice is a norm in the selected schools and experienced and qualified teachers who are non-SADTU members are overlooked for promotional posts. This paper, therefore, recommends for the review of minimum promotional requirements in public schools, considering experience and qualifications in the selection and recruitment of teachers to senior posts.
Implementation of Improving Diversification and Community Food Security Program through Optimizing Yard Utilization in Tomohon City
Authors: Sambul Hygia Jeanette , Kairupan Sisca B. , Tarore Steven
Published: February 2025

his study aims to determine, analyze and describe the implementation of the program to increase community food diversification and security through optimizing yard utilization in Tomohon City. Food diversification itself is an effort to increase the availability and consumption of food that is diverse, nutritionally balanced and based on the potential of local resources. This research uses a qualitative method with a research focus on increasing diversification and community food security through optimizing yard utilization in Tomohon City with sub-focus or indicators: socialization, resources, communication between agencies, social and economic conditions. The results showed that of the four indicators studied, various problems were found, namely: 1) Indicators of program socialization: limited clarity of socialization information, gaps between the program and the local needs of the community, and limited accessibility and infrastructure that hamper the smooth implementation of the program; 2) resource indicators: Limited capacity of Human Resources involved in the program, both in terms of knowledge and skills, limited budget, minimal use of technology, inadequate infrastructure and lack of participation and synergy between stakeholders; 3) inter-agency communication indicators: mismatches in information systems between agencies, differences in priorities and perspectives between agencies, lack of budget transparency, lack of community and private sector participation; 4) indicators of social and economic conditions: limited community income, low education levels which have an impact on low community understanding of the importance of food diversification, lack of community participation in program planning and implementation and lack of support from political elites so that the program has not been running effectively.
Implementation of Food Security Policy in Tomohon City
Authors: Singal Ereine Stelma , Singal Ereine Stelma , Kairupan Sisca B. , Kairupan Sisca B. , Tarore Steven
Published: February 2025

Food security is very important in the context of national development to form quality, independent and prosperous Indonesian people through the realization of sufficient, safe, quality, nutritious and diverse food availability and evenly distributed throughout Indonesia. This research aims to find out, analyze and describe matters related to the Implementation of Food Security Policy in Tomohon City. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that there were main problems in the 5 indicators studied, namely 1) Policy interest indicators: unbalanced food distribution and price fluctuations, low public awareness of local food consumption and lack of comprehensive policies; 2) Policy benefit indicators: policies do not meet local needs, lack of coordination, and limited extension, education and infrastructure; 3) Policy objectives Indicators: limited access and low understanding of farmers to adaptive agricultural technology, as well as obstacles in accessing agricultural insurance programs; 4) Implementing apparatus indicators: there are infrastructure challenges, lack of coordination between agencies, and limited skills of policy implementing apparatus; 5) Indicators of financial resources: unbalanced budget allocations, lack of diversification of funding sources, and suboptimal use of funds. The suggestions or recommendations in this study are improving the distribution system and comprehensive policies, improving coordination between related parties, strengthening the capacity of farmers and agricultural technology, increasing the capacity of implementing apparatus, and optimizing financial resources.
Fostering Eco-Friendly Consumption: Advancing Sustainable Practices in Palestine
Authors: Sadeh Hamdi
Published: February 2025

This research examines the promotion of eco-friendly consumption in Palestine, focusing on the distinct socio-political challenges and opportunities present in the region. Although awareness of environmental issues is growing among Palestinian consumers, significant barriers remain, including limited access to sustainable products and cultural attitudes that prioritize immediate economic benefits. The research emphasizes that consumer empowerment and engagement are crucial for overcoming these obstacles, highlighting the necessity of a collective responsibility shared among consumers, businesses, and policymakers to foster sustainable practices. To enhance eco-friendly consumption, the research proposes several strategies, including the improvement of consumer education through targeted outreach programs and the leveraging of technology to increase access to sustainable products. Importantly, it underscores the effectiveness of localized strategies, such as community-based educational initiatives, in addressing these barriers and cultivating a culture of sustainability that aligns with the socio-economic realities of Palestinian society. Furthermore, the findings highlight the critical importance of collaboration among various stakeholders; government entities, NGOs, the private sector, and local communities in creating a supportive environment for eco-friendly behaviors. This research aims to provide a comprehensive framework for advancing sustainable practices in Palestine, with implications that extend beyond the region, offering valuable insights for similar contexts grappling with socio-political challenges and environmental degradation.
Research on factors affecting customer satisfaction with deposit and loan services at Vietnam Export-Import Commercial Joint Stock Bank - An Giang Branch
Authors: Khuong Thi Hue
Published: February 2025

Global economic integration has significantly impacted Vietnam's banking sector, increasing competition with foreign banks. This competitive environment emphasizes the importance of customer satisfaction as a key factor for banks to thrive. This study investigates customer satisfaction with deposit and loan services at the Vietnam Import-Export Commercial Joint Stock Bank, An Giang Branch (Eximbank-An Giang). Using a modified SERVPERF model, the study evaluates how service quality dimensions—reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, tangibles, and price competitiveness—affect customer satisfaction. The research process included preliminary qualitative research to adapt the SERVPERF scale and formal quantitative research using surveys. A sample size of 222 valid responses was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression. Results indicate that customer satisfaction is positively influenced by responsiveness, tangibles, assurance, empathy, and price competitiveness, with responsiveness having the strongest impact. Variance analysis revealed significant differences in satisfaction levels based on service type, occupation, income, distance to transaction locations, and education level. However, no differences were observed across gender, age, transaction duration, or frequency. Findings provide Eximbank-An Giang with actionable insights to enhance service quality and competitiveness. Despite its contributions, the study is limited by non-probability sampling and its focus on deposit and loan services, which may restrict the generalizability of results. Future research should expand the geographical scope and explore satisfaction with other banking services. This study serves as a foundation for developing targeted policies to improve customer satisfaction, fostering loyalty and competitiveness in the dynamic banking market.
A Specialised Translation Approach in ESP Classrooms: The Role of the L1 in Teaching and Learning the L2
Authors: Boukranaa Ahmed , Mjahad Rania
Published: February 2025

The employment of specialised translation for teaching English has attracted significant attention. Modern research has proven that specialised translation is operative in ESP lessons. This paper investigates academic publications based on the study of translation's effects on ESP learners. Inductive Thematic analysis was used to investigate a corpus of 30 research articles. The academic publications under investigation were selected through systematic literature research from different academic platforms such as Google Scholar, Zenodo, Academia, Researchgate, Clarivate, Elsevier and others. The inductive thematic analysis aided in uncovering themes associated with the teaching practices, translation activities and the learner's level, designing courses, administrative and academic instructions, enhancing language accuracy, and the communicative role of translation, enlarging the learners' lexical repertoire and consolidating comprehension skills. Integrating translation activities in ESP classes significantly enhances the four skills and allows translation to become a Fifth skill. The findings of this paper indicate that implementing specialised translation in ESP lessons is a fundamental matter that EFL professionals must consider.
An Azerbaijani Adaptation of the Lifespan Sibling Relationship Scale: Investigating Its Impact on Life Satisfaction and Psychological Resilience
Authors: Aliyev Bakhtiyar , Zalova Nuriyeva Ulkar , Rustamov Elnur , Nasibova Emilya , Yusifova Tamara , Abbasova Sevil
Published: February 2025

The main purpose of this study is to adapt the Lifespan Sibling Relationship Scale  for use in the Azerbaijani context and explore its association with psychological resilience and satisfaction with life. Data were gathered through a convenience sampling method, including a total of 367 individuals, aged 18 to 59 years (M=25.04, SD=7.60). The adaptation process of the Lifespan Sibling Relationship Scale involved Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Item Response Theory (IRT), and assessments of convergent validity and reliability (including Cronbach's α, McDonald's ω, and Guttmann's λ6). Furthermore, CFA supported the six dimensional structure of LSRS,  despide one item of scale indicating factor loading above 0.30 and could not be taken into account in Azerbaijani context. IRT analysis was also conducted and  results demonstrated that all items have excellent fit with the model. Additionally, results obtained from reliability analysis demonstrated that the Azerbaijani  version of the LSRS presented sufficient reliability coefficient. Relationships between sibling relationships, life satisfaction and psychological resilience were investigated as well and the LSRS was found to be correlated with life satisfaction and psychological resilience. In summary, results of adaptation of Sibling Relationship Scale into Azerbaijani demonstrated excellent psychometric propertiess.
The differences between American and British English
Authors: Abdulhamzah Abdul.z Ali
Published: February 2025

Any linguistic consideration of the differences between American and British English must focus on two points: (a) What are these differences? (b) Why do they exist? Although point (a) seems the more straightforward and methodologically achievable of these points, it is complicated by the fact that we lack certain historical data, particularly with respect to certain dialects; it is impossible to catalog undocumented differences, after all. Point (b) is also difficult to answer because of data gaps and methodological differences in evaluating the divergent evolution of English across the Atlantic. However, this paper presents an overview of the current state of linguistic scholarship on both points (a) and (b).
Development Perspectives for Georgian Regional Media Schools Under Conditions of Digital Divide
Authors: Shamilishvili Manana , Tkhilava Eka , Shamilishvili Inga
Published: February 2025

On the basis of the qualitative research conducted on the basis of several regional and central Georgian universities, the article presents the development prospects of media schools and alternative models for Georgian regional media schools. Results of the research showed that regional university education in the direction of digital media in Georgia is in a critical state, suffering from forms of inequality, both in terms of educational bases and human professional resources. As a result, young people choose central universities, which creates unequal opportunities for the development of the regional parts of Georgia. The situation of regional universities is becoming even more problematic; in the research, we tried to show that this process will bring disastrous results for the whole country if there is no professional distribution, redistribution of media students across the country and purposeful stratification of intellectual resources.
Enhancing Critical Thinking Skills in Poetry Writing through Nature-Based Learning Method
Authors: Khalsiah Khalsiah , Alfiadi Teuku , Safriandi Safriandi , Fatmawati Fatmawati
Published: February 2025

To improve poetry writing skills, it is necessary to use a variety of strategies that encourage students to think critically and conduct in-depth examination. This strategy can considerably increase their originality and proficiency in poetry writing. The Nature-Based Learning Method is used in this study to improve critical thinking abilities, specifically those related to poetry writing. This quasi-experimental study assesses the impact of specific activities under controlled conditions. To ensure accurate and trustworthy data collection, the study employs a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design, with a pretest administered prior to treatment and a posttest administered thereafter in both the experimental and control groups. The study included 63 students from Malikussaleh University, chosen by purposive sampling. The major data collection tool was a poetry-writing performance exam. Normality, homogeneity, and hypothesis tests were used during the data analysis. The t-test for students' poetry writing skills yielded a significant value of 0.000 < 0.05, rejecting the null hypothesis (Ho) and accepting the alternative hypothesis (Ha). In the experimental group, the average pretest score for poetry writing skills was 53.38, but it climbed to 80.65 following the intervention. Similarly, the control group's average critical thinking abilities score for poetry writing increased from 48.90 on the pretest to 67.65 on the posttest. These findings imply that by improving critical thinking skills, particularly in writing, students can considerably improve their capacity to write high-quality poetry. This enhancement in critical thinking is believed to boost problem-solving abilities and help to create more refined and compelling poetry compositions.