bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tribological and corrosion characteristics of aluminium–copper alloys reinforced with alumina nickel aluminide cermet powder
Authors: Bhadrinath Ramachandran , Saravanan Ramachandran , Vaira Vignesh Ramalingam , Shanmugasundaram Arumugam , Govindaraju Myilsamy
Published: October 2024

Aluminium–Copper (Al-10Cu) alloys are widely used for structural components in the aviation sector. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterisation of Al-10Cu alloy reinforced with Al2O3-30(Ni-20Al) cermet particles to evaluate their microstructural, mechanical, tribological and corrosion properties. The Al-10Cu alloy was cast with varying percentages of cermet (2% and 4%) using a controlled casting process. Comprehensive microstructural analyses, including optical microscopy, SEM and EBSD, were performed to assess the grain structure and cermet distribution. The mechanical properties were evaluated through Vickers microhardness and tensile testing, while tribological performance was assessed using a Pin-on-Disc tribometer. Corrosion resistance was investigated through exfoliation and immersion corrosion tests. The results indicated significant improvements in microhardness and wear resistance with the addition of cermet particles, while the tensile strength showed a complex interplay between ductility and brittleness. Corrosion tests revealed enhanced resistance in cermet-reinforced specimens. This study demonstrates the potential of Al2O3-30(Ni-20Al) cermet as an effective reinforcement for aluminium alloys to achieve superior performance in structural applications.
The Associations Between Intimate Partner Violence and Mental Health Outcomes Among Sexual Minority Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hong Chenglin , Wang Yilin , Wang Yuqing , Pushpanadh Sreelakshmi , Stephenson Rob , Keum Brian TaeHyuk , Goldbach Jeremy T. , Graham Susan M. , Holloway Ian W.
Published: October 2024

Sexual minority men (SMM) experience intimate partner violence (IPV) at a substantially high rate and also bear high burdens of adverse mental health outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to consolidate existing evidence on the associations between experiencing IPV and adverse mental health outcomes (depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress, etc.) among SMM. Following the Preferred Reporting Items For Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline, we identified 22 published studies encompassing data from 18,454 individuals, all of which were cross-sectional in design and half of which were conducted in the U.S. We found that experiencing IPV was associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms and anxiety with a pooled Adjusted Odds Ratios (AORs) of 1.71 (95% CI [1.43, 2.05]) and 1.89 (95% CI [1.46, 2.43]), respective. Studies also found that IPV was positively associated with suicide-related risk (AOR = 2.71, 95% CI [2.21, 3.32] and perceived loneliness. Studies varied in their IPV measures and recall periods and used diverse mental health measurement tools like PHQ-9/GAD-7, Perceived Stress Scale, and the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised. This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed an urgent need to examine the effects of IPV on SMM’s mental well-being in low- and middle-income countries using standardized IPV measurement tools. Future research should employ a longitudinal design to track the long-term effects of IPV on the mental well-being of SMM and explore potential interventions for mitigating these impacts over time. These insights are crucial for enhancing IPV screening within healthcare settings and identifying key intervention targets aimed at improving the mental health of SMM.
Comparative Effectiveness of Diode Laser Therapy and Topical Turmeric Extract Ointment in Promoting Healing of Wounds in a Murine Model
Authors: AL-Timimi Zahra
Published: October 2024

The intricate biological process of wound healing is influenced by a wide range of therapeutic techniques. In this work, the effects of topical turmeric extract ointment and diode laser therapy on wound healing in a mouse model were investigated. Out of the sixty mice, three groups of twenty male mice each were created. Three groups received treatment: the first was a control group that got no treatment; the second group received topical application of 5% curcumin twice a day; and the third group received diode laser therapy, which involved direct laser beam therapy for five minutes a day at an output power of 100 mW at an 810 nm wavelength. Over the course of two weeks, the study examined histological changes and wound closure rates. On days 0 through 14, the wound area was measured with digital calipers to provide quantifiable statistics about the process of healing. In histological analyses, epithelializations, and collagen deposition, in addition to inflammatory cells, were investigated using hematoxylin and eosin staining. It was demonstrated by comparing the outcomes to those of a control group that diode laser therapy and turmeric extract ointment are both successful therapeutic options. The results demonstrate that different therapies, while with differing degrees of effectiveness, greatly quicken the healing process of wounds. According to these results, topical turmeric extract ointment could be used as an additional or supporting therapy to aid in the healing of wounds during medical treatments.
Heel Raises and Calf Stretches Exercises Versus Medication Only in Ischemic Intermittent Claudication: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Alhewy Mohammed Alsagheer , Moshrif Abdelhfeez , Abdelhafez Abdelaziz Ahmed , Metwaly Mohamed Hamza , Ghazala Ehab Abd elmoneim , Gado Hassan , Aly Hany M , Hassan Badr Al-Amir , Negm Ahmed Abdelmoniem , Khamis Ahmed Atef , Abd-Elgawad Wael Abdo Abdo , Elsayed Abdullah , Farouk Nehal
Published: October 2024

Intermittent claudication is a primary symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD). a chronic progressive disease caused primarily by atherosclerosis. It is usually characterized by leg pain, aches, cramps, or fatigue when walking, which improves with rest. Physical therapy, including a supervised exercise program, is often recommended as the first treatment for sprains. This study aims to evaluate the short-term effects of incorporating heel raise and calf stretch exercises with standard medical therapy compared to medical therapy alone in managing intermittent claudication. From May 2022 to November 2023, 160 patients with Stage II Fontaine PAD were randomly assigned to two equal groups. Group A (80 patients) received heel raise and calf stretch exercises in addition to medical treatment, while Group B (80 patients) received only medical treatment. Both groups underwent treadmill walking tests before and after three months to measure absolute walking distance (ACD), peak walking time (PWT), and Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ) scores, including distance, speed, and symptom severity. At baseline, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of ACD, peak walking time, ankle-brachial index, distance, speed, and symptoms. At follow-up, Group A showed significantly greater improvements in ACD (312.00 ± 45.43 m), peak walking time (8.54 ± 1.55 min), distance (29.46 ± 4.63 km), speed (20.01 ± 3.13 kph), and WIQ symptoms (22.10 ± 1.02) compared to Group B, which had ACD (276.55 ± 29.07 m), peak walking time (6.72 ± 1.70 min), distance (23.68 ± 3.89 km), speed (15.71 ± 2.71 kph), and WIQ symptoms (20.80 ± 1.47) ( P < .001). The ankle-brachial index remained similar between the groups ( P > .05). We concluded that integrating standard physical therapy exercises, such as calf raises and leg stretches, with medical therapy significantly enhances walking function in patients with ischemic intermittent claudication.
Safety of the Herbal Medicine SH003 in Patients With Solid Cancer: A Multi-Center, Single-Arm, Open-Label, Dose-Escalation Phase I Study
Authors: Cheon Chunhoo , Lee Hyun Woo , Sym Sun Jin , Ko Seong-Gyu
Published: October 2024

Background:

SH003, a novel herbal medicine comprising Huang-Qi, Dang-Gui, and Gua-Lou-Gen, has historical roots in traditional medicine with reported anticancer properties. The need to explore safe and effective treatments in oncology underlines the importance of this study.

Methods:

This phase I trial, conducted at Ajou University Hospital and Gachon University Gil Medical Center in Korea, adopted a single-arm, open-label, dose-escalation design. It aimed to evaluate the safety of escalated doses of SH003 in patients with various solid cancers, focusing on determining its maximum tolerated dose. Participants with confirmed solid cancers, unresponsive to standard treatments, were enrolled. The dosage of SH003 was escalated from 4800 to 9600 mg per day, using a 3 + 3 design. Safety was assessed based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events ver. 5.0.

Results:

The study established that the maximum tolerated dose of SH003 is 9600 mg/day. Most adverse events were mild, primarily including dizziness and nausea, indicating the tolerability of SH003 at this dosage.

Conclusions:

SH003 demonstrates safety and promises as an anticancer treatment at doses up to 9600 mg/day. This research supports further investigation into its efficacy for cancer therapy, emphasizing the significance of natural products in oncology, particularly concerning patient safety and tolerance.
Salty Battle to Sudden Death: Young vs. Old, Brain vs. Heart
Authors: Iyer Shruthi H. , Simeone Kristina A.
Published: October 2024

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A Systematic Literature Review of Intersectional Leadership in the Workplace: The Landscape and Framework for Future Leadership Research and Practice to Challenge Interlocking Systems of Oppression
Authors: Sim Eunbi , Bierema Laura
Published: October 2024

Normalized, dominant leadership styles favoring masculinity and aggressiveness disregard the impact of intersectional social identities and inequities on leadership practices and perpetuate leadership gaps and inequities in organizations, for example, preventing women and people of color from advancing into leadership roles. This study aims to explore how intersectionality plays a role in workplace leadership and propose a framework for future leadership research and practice that foregrounds intersectionality. To achieve this aim, this study systematically classified and reviewed 160 empirical studies on intersectionality in leadership in work and organization contexts. Most studies described the leadership experiences and strategies of individuals from multiple marginalized, historically excluded (MMHE) groups and the factors that influence their leadership. Some studies presented the intersectional effects of leadership and illuminated relational and contextual aspects of the leadership process. We discussed tensions within the findings and proposed a framework for intersectional leadership based on the results of the literature review. We conclude with a call for illuminating intersectional leadership as a promising process to achieve organizational social justice.
Simulating autonomous drone behaviors in an anti-access area denial (A2AD) environment
Authors: Martinez Alexander L , Champagne Lance E , LaCasse Phillip M
Published: October 2024

Army senior military leaders are invested in acquiring modernized aerial platforms and equipment to augment the US Army’s ability to overcome Anti-Access Area Denial (A2AD) threats imposed by modern Integrated Air Defense Systems (IADS). A prominent element of this modernization effort is the employment of autonomous drones to defeat IADS threats while minimizing risk to Army Soldiers. This research utilizes a framework for classifying the levels of autonomous capability along three dimensions: the ability to act alone, the ability to cooperate, and the ability to adapt. A virtual combat model, created using the Advanced Framework for Simulation, Integration, and Modeling (AFSIM), simulates the engagement between an enemy IADS and a friendly formation comprised of autonomous drones, attack helicopters, and a Long Range Precision Fires (LRPF) capability. A designed experiment evaluates drone performance with varying levels of autonomy. The experimental results reveal that low levels of autonomy yield a 20.74% increase in survivability and a 5.52% increase in lethality.
Understanding Reasons for Participation and Barriers Within Adaptive Sports for Individuals with Physical Disabilities
Authors: Kim Makenna , Thomas Allie , Sharpe Shelby , Farrell John
Published: October 2024

The importance of participating in physical activity is widely advocated to reduce diseases, especially for individuals with physical disabilities. Adaptive sports have shown a multitude of benefits for those with physical disabilities, but few researchers have determined the benefits of adaptive sports from the perspective of the athletes. The purpose of this research study was to explore (1) reasons that individuals with physical disabilities engage in adaptive sports and (2) why individuals with physical disabilities do not participate in adaptive sports. Using an ethnographic qualitative retrospective design, 104 participant survey and phone interview responses were analyzed. Four themes emerged for reasons for adaptive sports participation including three subthemes, and five themes for barriers to adaptive sports participation. Applications for practice will be discussed for practitioners working with individuals who engage in adaptive sports will be identified.
Targeted Muscle Reinnervation Compared to Standard Peripheral Nerve Management Following Amputation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zimbulis Alexis J. , An Vincent V.G. , Symes Michael , Duraku Liron S. , Gaston R. Glenn , Eberlin Kyle R. , Sivakumar Brahman
Published: October 2024

Background:

Chronic pain remains a significant challenge for individuals following limb amputation, with incidence of painful neuromas, phantom limb pain (PLP), and residual limb pain (RLP). Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) is a surgical technique designed to restore motor control information lost during amputation by redirecting residual nerves to new muscle targets. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare patient-reported and functional outcomes following amputation with either TMR or standard neurological treatment (SNT). The study also includes an examination of primary versus secondary TMR and explores outcomes in highly comorbid patient populations.

Methods:

A search of central databases was performed, and meta-analysis was completed on extracted data where possible.

Results:

Eleven studies were identified. Results indicate a significant reduction in PLP and RLP in patients undergoing TMR compared to SNT using various pain scores. TMR also demonstrates improved functional outcomes and decreased opioid use. Furthermore, results indicated patients who underwent TMR at the time of amputation (primary TMR) had improved pain scores compared with those who had TMR performed later (secondary TMR).

Conclusions:

The review emphasizes the benefits of TMR as a valuable surgical adjunct for amputee patients, while also highlighting the need for further research, especially in comorbid populations.
Ambassador, you’re on Mute: Methods for Co-interviewing Elites Online
Authors: Verjee Aly , Sticher Valerie
Published: October 2024

This article draws on the experiences of two previously unacquainted researchers working at distance who collaboratively used online platforms to co-interview respondents across a dozen countries in 2021–22. Rather than our research plans being disrupted by the constraints of COVID-19, we planned from the outset to conduct our research entirely online. Given our geographic separation, personal circumstances, and globally dispersed respondents, online methods were imperative to our research collaboration. At the same time, conducting co-interviews online introduced the challenge of structuring both effective interviewer-to-interviewer and interviewer-to-interviewee interactions in a virtual environment, where conventional methods might not suffice to create productive engagements, and where non-verbal communications are both more difficult to convey and interpret. In this article, we explore and reflect on our strategies and tactics for co-interviewing in contexts where online methods are a deliberate, welcome choice, rather than the fallback option. We focus on the nuances of interviewing elites, offering insights to help researchers prepare for the process, rather than only the content, of such interview encounters.
Introduction: Disability and Family Care in Modern European History
Authors: von Hodenberg Christina , Lingelbach Gabriele , Rössel Raphael
Published: October 2024

How to organize domestic care for relatives living with a disability and elderly family members is a major challenge for individual households, as it is for all European societies. Taking up current debates on the future of family care work, this special issue offers historical perspectives on family care for people with disabilities. It investigates the relationship between disability welfare and family dynamics in modern European history. By bringing together case studies from the 19th and 20th centuries and from Eastern and Western European states, the special issue offers a panorama of regional processes of negotiating intrafamilial gender roles, relationships between private care and public welfare, and discourses on disabilities.
A study on mechanisms of saw-tooth chip formation in hard turning under hybrid nanofluid-assisted MQL environment
Authors: Duc Tran Minh , Ngoc Tran Bao , Tuan Ngo Minh , Trang Dang Thi Huyen , Long Tran The
Published: October 2024

Saw-tooth chip generated from hard turning is one of the most distinguishing features with conventional turning process. The presented work aims to contribute an extensive understanding the formation mechanism and main parameters of saw-tooth chips in oblique hard turning of 90CrSi hardened tool steel (60–62 HRC). The effects of dry, Al2O3 nanofluid MQL, Al2O3/MoS2 hybrid nanofluid MQL conditions on the serrated chip formation were experimentally investigated in terms of chip morphology, chip color, segment spacing, serrated segmentation frequency, and shear angle. The obtained experimental results indicated that, due to the better cooling and lubricating performance of nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid, the shear angles ϕ increase about 91.73% and 94.88% respectively when compared to dry cutting, which makes the formation of saw-tooth chip more favorable. Moreover, the analysis of microstructure image of the back side of chip proves the better lubrication from ball roller and tribo-film formation of Al2O3 and MoS2 nanoparticles. Based on the chip morphology analysis, the shear angle ϕ, the degree of chip segmentation on the top side in the chip’s transverse section K2, and the chip deformation coefficient in the transverse section K3 should be used as the additional criterions to evaluate the frictional improvement in cutting zone.
Correlation between physical activity, appetite, and body composition during menopausal transition and postmenopause in Iranian women
Authors: Andarzi Forough , Jahromi Maryam Koushkie
Published: October 2024

Background:

Hormone fluctuations in women are accompanied by an increase in obesity. Although obesity has various causes, the interaction between obesity and menopausal status remains unclear.

Objectives:

This study aimed to investigate the interaction between lifestyle physical activities (PAs), such as occupational and household activities, and purposeful exercise, such as sports, with appetite and their correlation with body composition during the menopausal transition (MT) and postmenopausal (PM) phases.

Design:

This was a descriptive cross-sectional design.

Methods:

Women aged 42–62 years, in the MT or PM phases, were included. PA and appetite were measured using the validated Beacke questionnaire and the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire, respectively. Body weight, height, waist circumference, and hip circumference were measured to estimate the body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR).

Results:

A total of 101 women were included in the study. A significant positive relationship was found between appetite and PA in the MT group ( r = 0.55, p < 0.001). In the MT group, PA (β = −0.38, p = 0.009) and appetite (β = 0.42, p = 0.004) predicted 16% of the BMI, while PA and appetite predicted 16% of the WHR. Only PA contributed significantly to the prediction of WHR (β = −0.33, p = 0.0.02). In the PM group, PA and appetite predicted 15% of the WHR ( p = 0.030), and PA was a significant predictor of the WHR (β = −0.29, p = 0.0.03). There was no significant difference between the BMI and WHR in active women who regularly performed purposeful exercise compared to inactive women during the PM phase ( p > 0.05). However, the appetite of active women was higher than of inactive women ( p = 0.003).

Conclusions:

Menopausal status was effective on obesity indices, appetite, and PA. Lifestyle PA was superior to appetite in predicting obesity indices during the MT and PM phases, and particularly during PM; hence, PA was more important than exercise in determining obesity.
Interdiscursive resistance by Ukrainian companies: Wartime fundraising on Kickstarter as commercial and societal rhetoric
Authors: Eronen-Valli Maria
Published: October 2024

This study explores resistance used by Ukrainian companies on Kickstarter during the Russo-Ukrainian war, examining how it intertwines with commercial promotion. The analysis focuses on 22 English-language campaign calls. Methodologically, the study combines concepts from discourse analytical and rhetorical traditions. Eight discursive strategies are identified in the analysis. These strategies are connected to three kinds of rhetorical acts: evoking identification/disidentification, manifesting national pride and independence, and establishing belonging to the West. The study argues that Ukrainian companies’ use of resistance as part of commercial promotion has a double purpose: it is a way of making themselves and their products seem topical and societally meaningful to their Western customers while also serving as a form of Ukrainian self-expression, aimed at globally shaping war-related meanings.
In situ pinning or modified Dunn procedure? Which one is superior in slipped capital femoral epiphysis surgery? A case–control study including only stable/moderate cases
Authors: Sisman Ali , Poyraz Caner , Akbas Bilal , Cobanoglu Mutlu , Savk Sevki Oner , Cullu Emre
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

The study aimed to compare the clinical and radiologic results of in situ pinning and modified Dunn procedure methods in stable–moderate slipped capital femoral epiphyses surgery.

Methods:

Slipped capital femoral epiphyses cases between January 2000 and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Stable and moderate cases treated with in situ pinning or modified Dunn procedure and those with a follow-up period longer than 1 year were included. Two groups were formed: the in situ pinning group and the modified Dunn procedure group. Radiologically, postoperative alpha angle, Southwick angle, avascular necrosis, and osteoarthritis rates were compared. Clinically, Harris Hip Score and Merle d’Aubigné score were compared. Total complications were evaluated.

Results:

The in situ pinning group consisted of 28 patients and the modified Dunn procedure group consisted of 17 patients. The groups were similar in terms of age, gender, affected side, body mass index, Fahey/O’Brien Classification, preoperative slip angles, and follow-up time. Operation time was shorter in the in situ pinning group ( p < 0.001). Postoperative Southwick and alpha angle were lower in the modified Dunn procedure group ( p < 0.001). In clinical outcomes, Merle d’Aubigné and Harris Hip Score were higher in the in situ pinning group ( p = 0.013, p = 0.005, respectively). The rate of avascular necrosis was higher in the modified Dunn procedure group ( p = 0.048). There was no difference between the groups in terms of total complications and osteoarthritis.

Conclusions:

In situ pinning has an advantage over the modified Dunn procedure in the treatment of stable-moderate slipped capital femoral epiphyses due to shorter operative time, better clinical outcomes, and fewer avascular necrosis rates. Although Southwick and alpha angle measurements were found to be higher after in situ pinning compared to the modified Dunn procedure, this does not constitute a significant disadvantage in terms of osteoarthritis development in the mid-term.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, case–control study.
Hybridization of Tannic Acid With Technol PG Liposomes
Authors: Tasaka Toru , Hamada Hiroki , Uchida Noriyuki
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aims to create a complex of Technol PG-based liposomes with tannic acid (TA). Method: Technol PG-based liposome using a gentle hydration method was designed, and the hybridization with TA was achieved by the interaction between the surface of Technol PG-based liposome and TA. Results: Technol PG was highly soluble in methanol and ethanol, and Technol PG-based liposome could be prepared using a gentle hydration method for the film from the ethanol dispersion. Upon addition of TA, it was hybridized with Technol PG liposome, and TA-hybridized Technol PG liposome showed high dispersibility in an aqueous solution. Conclusion: This work would provide a new type of TA-conjugated liposome-based biomaterials.
Impact of Chondrocyte Inflammation on Glial Cell Activation: The Mediating Role of Nitric Oxide
Authors: Farrag Mariam , Cordero-Barreal Alfonso , Ait Eldjoudi Djedjiga , Varela-García María , Torrijos Pulpón Carlos , Lago Francisca , Essawy Amina , Soffar Ahmed , Pino Jesus , Farrag Yousof , Gualillo Oreste
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study investigates how the inflammatory response of ATDC5 murine chondrogenic cells influences the activity of C6 (rat) and GL261 (mouse) glial cell lines. Prior research suggested nitric oxide (NO) involvement in cartilage-immune crosstalk. The current study explores whether NO, produced by inflamed chondrocytes, mediates signaling between chondrocytes and glial cells.

Design

Pre-challenged ATDC5 cells with 250 ng/ml of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were cocultured with GL261 or C6 glioma cells for 24 h with a transwell culture system. Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay. Gene and protein expression were evaluated by qRT-PCR and WB, respectively.

Results

Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) indicated statistically significant upregulation of LCN2, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and GFAP in glial cells following 24-h coculture with challenged ATDC5 cells. Suppression of LPS-induced NO production by aminoguanidine decreased LPS-mediated LCN2 and IL-6 expression in glioma cells. We identified also the involvement of the ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways in the glial neuroinflammatory response.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates, for the first time, that NO produced by inflamed murine chondrocytes mediated pro-inflammatory responses in glial cells via ERK1/2 and AKT signaling, highlighting a potential mechanism linking cartilage NO to neuroinflammation and chronic pain in osteoarthritis.
Dermoscopy of molluscum contagiosum
Authors: Ang Andrea Jing Shi , Ahmed Syed Salahuddin , Oh Choon Chiat
Published: October 2024

Molluscum contagiosum is a common benign viral infection affecting children, sexually active adults, and immunocompromised individuals. We present the case of a 28-year-old male with advanced HIV who developed scattered pink papules over a 2-year period. Through clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathologic evaluations, a diagnosis of molluscum contagiosum was eventually confirmed. Dermoscopy revealed numerous whitish round to polylobular amorphous structures with visible branching vessels. Histopathologic examination showed cup-shaped inverted lobules of hyperplastic squamous epithelium with eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. This case highlights the importance of dermoscopy in the accurate diagnosis of molluscum contagiosum in immunocompromised patients, reinforcing its role as a non-invasive diagnostic tool in dermatology.
Nurses’ knowledge toward hemodialysis vascular access devices: A cross-sectional study in Palestine
Authors: Abu El-Kass Sae’d , Ahmed Nisreen , Kannan Tahreer , Abu Shediq Narmean , El Dirani Esraa
Published: October 2024

Objective:

To assess the nurses’ knowledge of vascular access devices for patients undergoing hemodialysis programs in the Gaza Strip, Palestine.

Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the nurses’ knowledge of hemodialysis vascular access using the convenience sampling technique. The assessment tool comprised 60 items related to the nurses’ knowledge and 7 items on demographic characteristics at hemodialysis units in 5 governmental hospitals in the Gaza Strip, between March and June 2023. Statistical analysis of the collected data was performed using SPSS version 22.

Results:

A total of 65 nurses in hemodialysis units were included. Of the majority of study nurses 71% were male, 21.5% of nurses had fair knowledge, and 78.5% had good knowledge about vascular access devices. The overall average score was more than 70% in all dimensions, which revealed good knowledge about vascular access devices. The study indicated that there was a statistically significant association between nurses’ knowledge of vascular access devices and (years of experience in the hemodialysis unit, and received training of nurses).

Conclusions:

The knowledge of hemodialysis nurses toward vascular access devices for patients undergoing hemodialysis was good. The years in the hemodialysis unit and having training have shown significant association with knowledge among hemodialysis nurses on vascular access devices care. Thus, interventions should focus on providing training for nurses about vascular access devices care in hemodialysis units to improve the comprehensive knowledge of nurses and to maintain patient’s health status.
The Glasgow drug consumption room: A job half done?
Authors: Dalgarno Phil , O’Rawe Steve
Published: October 2024

This article discusses the introduction of the safe drug consumption facility in Glasgow and considers some of its potential consequences. The authors acknowledge the benefits of such a facility, but propose that while it goes some way towards addressing issues such as overdose, it simultaneously raises two further, intertwined, problems, namely where the drugs to be consumed come from and how they are paid for. Legal supply and free provision of the specific substances to those in need are presented as possible solutions. This would have the almost immediate effect of reducing the flow of drug money to organised crime while concurrently negating the need for people who inject drugs (PWIDS) to resort to criminal activity in order to fund their habit. Advantages of this proposition are considered.
Development and optimisation of a mobile app (iMPAKT) for improving person-centred practice in healthcare settings: A multi-methods evaluation study
Authors: O’Connor SR , Wilson V , Brown D , Cleland I , McCance TV
Published: October 2024

Objective

To develop and optimise an app (iMPAKT) for improving implementation and measurement of person-centred practice in healthcare settings.

Methods

Two iterative rounds of testing were carried out based on cognitive task analysis and qualitative interview methods. The System Usability Scale (SUS) was also used to evaluate the app. Quantitative data on task completion and SUS scores were evaluated descriptively, with thematic analysis performed on qualitative data. The MoSCoW prioritisation system was used to identify key modifications to improve the app.

Results

Twelve participants took part (eight health professionals and four patient and public involvement representatives). Views on design and structure of the app were positive. The majority of the 16 tasks undertaken during the cognitive task analysis were easy to complete. Mean SUS scores were 73.5/100 (SD: 7.9; range = 60–92.5), suggesting good overall usability. For one section of the app that transcribes patients speaking about their experience of care, a non-intuitive user interface and lack of transcription accuracy were identified as key issues influencing usability and acceptability.

Conclusions

Findings from the evaluation were used to inform iterative modifications to further develop and optimise the iMPAKT App. These included improved navigational flow, and implementation of an updated artificial intelligence (AI) based Speech-To-Text software; allowing for more accurate, real-time transcription. Use of such AI-based software represents an interesting area that requires further evaluation. This is particularly apparent in relation to potential for large-scale collection of data on person-centred measures using the iMPAKT App, and for assessing initiatives designed to improve patient experience.
Developing, delivering, and evaluating an online course on socially assistive robots in culturally competent and compassionate healthcare: A sequential multiphase, mixed-method study
Authors: Papadopoulos Irena , Lazzarino Runa
Published: October 2024

Objective

Artificially intelligent socially assistive robots are a growing technology. There is no evidence-based, theory-informed, open access training targeting health and social care professionals on this advanced technology. This collaborative, international European project – the IENE 10 study – developed, delivered, and evaluated the first Massive Open Online Course on socially assistive robots.

Methods

A sequential mixed-method design with five phases: (1) literature review; (2) development of the Transcultural Robotic Nursing curriculum model from the care ethics principles of cultural competence and compassion; (3) development of modules, learning units, and assessments; (4) choice of the digital platform, e-facilitators’ training, and definition of the evaluation strategy; (5) recruitment campaign. The methodology was collaborative among the six European partner institutions, who all contributed to each phase, from planning to the outputs. All project outputs and MOOC contents were translated into the four languages of the partners.

Results

Training needs identified included: knowledge about social robots’ functionality; how to operate them; legal, ethical, and human rights' issues. The course had four modules: Awareness, Knowledge, Sensitivity and Competence, with four learning units each. E-learners ( n = 240) were mostly based in the project partners’ countries and with no previous training on social robots. Graduated e-learners ( n = 185) found their knowledge and skills enhanced, both in relation to social robots and cultural competence. The learning units and the overall quality of the course were rated between good and excellent.

Conclusions

The IENE 10 project pioneeringly addressed the training needs of health and social care professionals in the era of AI social robots. The collaborative and sequentially phased design proved useful in the integration of a care ethics model. This work reflects the holistic approach needed for preparing professionals for the complexities of contemporary healthcare.
Generative artificial intelligence writing open notes: A mixed methods assessment of the functionality of GPT 3.5 and GPT 4.0
Authors: Kharko Anna , McMillan Brian , Hagström Josefin , Muli Irene , Davidge Gail , Hägglund Maria , Blease Charlotte
Published: October 2024

Background

Worldwide, patients are increasingly being offered access to their full online clinical records including the narrative reports written by clinicians (so-called “open notes”). Against these developments, there is growing interest in the use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) such as OpenAI's ChatGPT to co-assist clinicians with patient-facing documentation.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of OpenAI's ChatGPT 3.5 and GPT 4.0 in generating three patient-facing clinical notes from fictional general practice narrative reports.

Methods

On 1 October 2023 and 1 November 2023, we used ChatGPT 3.5 and 4.0 to generate notes for three validated fictional general practice notes, using a prompt in the style of a British primary care note for three commonly presented conditions: (1) type 2 diabetes, (2) major depressive disorder, and (3) a differential diagnosis for suspected bowel cancer. Outputs were analyzed for reading ease, sentiment analysis, empathy, and medical fidelity.

Results

ChatGPT 3.5 and 4.0 wrote longer notes than the original, and embedded more second person pronouns, with ChatGPT 3.5 scoring higher on both. ChatGPT expanded abbreviations, but readability metrics showed that the notes required a higher reading proficiency, with ChatGPT 3.5 demanding the most advanced level. Across all notes, ChatGPT offered higher signatures of empathy across cognitive, compassion/sympathy, and prosocial cues. Medical fidelity ratings varied across all three cases with ChatGPT 4.0 rated superior.

Conclusions

While ChatGPT improved sentiment and empathy metrics in the transformed notes, compared to the original they also required higher reading proficiency and omitted details impacting medical fidelity.
Are you ready? The preparation of Swedish nursing students for disaster nursing in armed conflicts
Authors: Lundberg Kristina , Andersson Ulf , Andersson Henrik , Sterner Anders
Published: October 2024

The growing global instability has increased the demand for healthcare and disaster response skills among registered nurses (RNs). However, research shows that RNs are not sufficiently prepared for disaster situations. Although RNs are responsible for managing injuries during armed conflicts in accordance with International Humanitarian Law (IHL), nursing education lacks specific training in this area. A national survey revealed that only two universities in Sweden offer IHL-related education for nursing students. These findings highlight the urgent need to revise nursing education in Sweden to better prepare RNs for the challenges posed by global crises, including armed conflicts.
Future of knowledge management in investment banking: Role of personal intelligent assistants
Authors: Radhakrishna Vedapradha , Ravi Hariharan , Elango Sudha , Divyashree Venkoba , Jaganathan Ashok , Ponnusamy Muralidharan
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

The study’s objective focuses on investigating the involvement of Personal Intelligent Assistants (PIAs) in the Knowledge Management Process (KMP) in Investment Banking Companies leading to Industrial Revolution 5.0 leading to effective Organizational Knowledge Management.

Design/Methodology:

A Self-administered Survey Questionnaire was circulated to 695 employees of Investment Banking Companies operating in Bangalore, Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Chennai, and Pune using the Cluster Sampling method. The Covariance-based Structural Equation Modelling (CB-SEM) and Gradient Boosting Regression technique of Machine Learning were used to validate the hypothesis through JASP V.18 Software. Knowledge Creation, Knowledge Sharing, Knowledge Retrieval, Knowledge Application, and Organizational Knowledge Management are the crucial constructs considered in the study.

Findings:

The results revealed that Knowledge Application is the most influencing factor in effective organizational Knowledge management among the Investment Banks followed by Knowledge Sharing. It also emphasizes that they have a weak Knowledge retrieval process and minimal efforts taken to create knowledge within these banks.

Implications:

The PIAs can facilitate effective Data Analysis and research in managing vast data eliminating the repeated tasks in portfolio reconciliation and offering personalized recommendations to manage portfolios. It enables in compliance, risk management, client relationship management, real-time monitoring and leveraged decision-making through predictive analysis.
Cohesion Model and Scenario Simulation for Risk Prevention of “Blockchain + Agriculture Crowdfunding” from the Synergistic Perspective
Authors: Xue Ye , Li Ying , Ji Xiaodong , Wu Haodong , Wang Yue , Zhao Sijian
Published: October 2024

Aiming at the problems such as scattered subjects, static mode and single function, this paper explores a dynamic synergistic risk prevention mode of agricultural crowdfunding that adapts to the age of data intelligence. Based on multiple prevention subjects, the blockchain technology and cohesion principle are introduced into agricultural crowdfunding prevention, and then a risk prevention dynamic model of “blockchain + agricultural crowdfunding” is constructed from the synergistic perspective. Fuzzy cognitive map model and its reasoning mechanism are used to simulate four scenarios of 1-subject, 2-subjects, 3-subjects, and 4-subjects respectively in the dynamic model and the static model. The results show that: as the number of risk prevention subjects increases, so does the cohesion, and the cohesion of multi-subjects reaches a higher state in less time and the steady-state faster, even though the fluctuation range reduces. The risk value for the multi-agent reduces rapidly and reaches a lower risk value in a shorter period of time. Overall, cohesion increases while risk reduces. In the same scenario, dynamic mode cohesion is stronger than static mode cohesion, and it takes less time to attain the steady-state value. Under various scenarios, the dynamic model’s cohesiveness steady-state value increases with the number of subjects, which is stronger than the static model’s. This study not only enriches and develops the theory of risk management of agricultural crowdfunding, but also provides a decision-making basis for the enterprises and the government, etc., to formulate, adjust, and implement risk prevention measures.
Using Eye Movement to Determine Whether Closed-Frame Shots Attract Viewers’ Attention
Authors: Tseng Han-Yi , Chuang Hsien-Chih , Tang Da-Lun , Wen Chih-Wei
Published: October 2024

There is a large variety of photographic composition, and these compositions can illicit different visual and psychological responses in the audience. However, there is limited knowledge of the key factors in these compositions in photography that actually affect the viewing process, and also no empirical support for the relationship between emotional responses and visual cognition. This research applied eye-tracking to calculate the degree of fixation distribution in the process of viewing photographic works through the quantitative characteristics of fixation trajectory in the investigation of the influence of eye-movement information on closed and open image compositions. This research attempts to understand the psychological differences in viewing framed and unframed images and identify the crucial factors that affect the composition of photographic images. Results from the eye movement data found that closed text and photos displayed traits of the principle of closure, and that different compositions can significantly affect the fixation point and sightline distribution. Image compositions with property of closure tend to be more attractive, generating higher number of fixation and longer fixation duration, indicative of easier focus on the primary object in the picture frame and regulating the viewer’s field of view. Photographers try to make good use of frame composition to herd viewer focus as well as increase their interest, making their image composition as complete, concise, pleasant, and pleasurable to the eye, typically applied to landscape, still life or portrait photography. This study has the potential to become a reference that contributes to photography educational and visual communication.
Self-Quarantine in South Korea in 2021
Authors: Sa Hye Ji , Han Jee-Hoon
Published: October 2024

This study explored the psychological changes, adaptation processes, and paradigm shifts experienced during self-quarantine. It collected data through in-depth interviews with 19 participants. Using the phenomenological method, it observed that negative psychological changes—such as fear, remorse, a sense of claustrophobia, and uncertainty—and health-related anxiety were common during self-quarantine. Additionally, when looking at life during self-quarantine, it was confirmed that there were restrictions on leisure pursuits, psychological recovery period, and social support. Finally, it was possible to establish new experiences through a paradigm shift toward digital life in limited circumstances. The results provide fundamental data by phenomenologically analyzing change under unique pandemic circumstances.
Role Models or Inferior Participants? Chinese News Portrayals of Gender and Disability in the 2022 Winter Paralympic Games
Authors: Wu Yifan
Published: October 2024

The question of how gender and disability are portrayed in sports media is less explored in many societies including China. This research investigates the Chinese news portrayals of female versus male Paralympians and their relationships with the Chinese sociocultural context. Employing Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (Multimodal CDA) to analyze language and images in Chinese news coverage of the 2022 Winter Paralympic Games, this study finds evidence that female and male Paralympians are both constructed as inferior physicalities in sports. However, in the discourse of ableism and sexism, female Paralympians are doubly marginalized from the perspectives of physicality and masculinity. The display of sexism further trivializes female Paralympians by portraying them as feminine, infantile, and physically inferior compared to male Paralympians. The discursive representations interact with body ideology, disability discourse, and gender ideology in post-reform China, further strengthening the dominance of males and the non-disabled in and beyond sports.
Board diversity and firm performance in Chinese manufacturing firms: Moderating role of CEO duality
Authors: Zahid Zohaib , Zhang Jijian , Ali Furman , Shahzad Fakhar
Published: October 2024

This study explores the relationship between board diversity and firm performance, with a focus on the moderating role of CEO duality in Chinese manufacturing firms. This study applies panel fixed-effect regression models for the period 2008–2022, and findings show that board diversity is positively associated with firm performance, and CEO duality negatively moderates the relationship. However, the findings also show that a highly diversified board can minimize the negative effect of CEO duality and increase the firm’s performance. Furthermore, the findings broaden the understanding of board attributes, showing that the education index is more evident among other board attributes for firm performance. This study verifies its results using the two-step system generalized method of moments approach and different board attributes in robust tests. The findings suggest that strategic efforts to promote board diversity may increase the board’s monitoring function and control managerial opportunism, ultimately improving firm performance in the Chinese business landscape.

JEL CLASSIFICATIONS: G30; G34; L25