bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimized Counter Design for Accelerated Summation in Digital Signal Processing Systems
Authors: Vishwanath G.
Published: January 2024

Efficient summation of multiple operands in parallel is crucial in various digital signal processing units. Accelerating this summation process requires high compression ratio counters and compressors. This study introduces a novel approach to fast saturated binary counters and exact/approximate (4:2) compressors utilizing sorting networks. The counter's inputs are asymmetrically divided into two groups and processed through sorting networks to produce reordered sequences, efficiently represented by one-hot code sequences. By establishing three special Boolean equations between the reordered sequence and the one-hot code sequence, the output boolean expressions of the counter are significantly simplified. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over conventional approaches in terms of performance.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa Menggunakan Metode Card Sort Pada Pelajaran PAI Materi Zakat
Authors: Isro Sumiati
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui sebab kurangnya minat siswa dan rendahnya nilai hasil belajar siswa dalam mengikuti proses pembelajaran di kelas khususnya pada siswa kelas VI SD dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam materi Zakat. Dari hasil pengamatan sementara peneliti melihat hal tersebut disebabkan karena metode pembelajaran yang digunakan oleh guru masih konvensional, siswa hanya duduk diam dan mengamati penjelasan guru terhadap materi, tanpa ada pengalaman langsung. Sehingga pada penelitian tindakan ini, ditawarkan satu metode pembelajaran yaitu Card Sort.

Metode card sort merupakan metode dalam pembelajaran untuk mengajarkan konsep, penggolongan sifat serta fakta tentang suatu objek atau informasi. Metode ini sangat menarik untuk diterapkan dalam pembelajaran PAI, sehingga siswa menjadi aktif dan termotivasi dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Hasil analisis data pada penelitian  ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan  aktivitas belajar siswa dan nilai hasil belajar siswa  pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam materi Zakat.
Project Based Learning pada Materi Bahaya Miras, Judi dan Pertengkaran
Authors: Haryanti Tutik
Published: January 2024

Artikel ini berfokus pada penerapan model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi sejauh mana siswa SMP di Kabupaten Bintan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar mereka dalam pembelajaran PAI materi bahaya miras, judi dan prtengkaran. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, studi ini menggunakan penelitian Tindakan kelas. Peserta penelitian adalah 20 siswa semester I Sekolah Menengah Pertama di Kabupaten Bintan, Kepulauan Riau. Penelitian ini berlangsung selama tiga bulan di mana siswa  diberikan tindakan berupa pretest dan post test. Hasil dari analisis data menunjukkan bahwa siswa memiliki hasil belajar yang tidak memenuhi KKM terhadap pembelajaran PAI materi bahaya miras, judi dan pertengkaran sebelum diberikan tindakan, tetapi menunjukkan peningkatan hasil belajar setelah mengalami tindakan. Penelitian ini menawarkan implikasi pedagogis dan saran untuk peneliti di masa depan.
Penerapan Metode Inquiry pada Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Materi Asmaul Husna dengan Media Gambar
Authors: Samania Samania
Published: January 2024

Artikel ini berfokus pada pengaturan perasaan dan sikap siswa Indonesia dalam pembelajaran PAI materi Asmaul Husna. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi sejauh mana siswa sekolah menengah pertama di Kabupaten Bintan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajarnya melalui metode inquiry. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, studi ini menggunakan penelitian Tindakan. Penelitian ini berlangsung selama tiga bulan di mana siswa diberikan tindakan berupa tes. Hasil dari analisis data menunjukkan bahwa siswa menunjukkan hasil belajar yang kurang dari KKM sebelum tindakan tetapi menunjukkan peningkatan yang lebih positif sebagai hasil dari belajar mereka setelah diterapkan metode inquiry dengan media gambar pada materi asmaul husna. Studi ini menawarkan implikasi pedagogis bagi guru PAI dan saran untuk peneliti masa yang akan datang.
Upaya Peningkatan Minat Belajar Siswa Pada Pelajaran PAI Melalui Metode Index Card Match
Authors: Maryati Zaimi
Published: January 2024

Seeing the low interest in student learning in the subject of Islamic Religious Education, which is caused by a lack of understanding of a material produced from learning delivered by the teacher is generally caused by the delivery of material using only lecture and rote methods, the lack of use of learning methods and the lack of supporting infrastructure learning and teaching activities. Therefore this paper aims to determine the level of student interest in Islamic education subjects. So the focus of this paper is what efforts are being made to find out students' interest in learning in the subject of Islamic Religious Education in class VIII SMP Negeri 9 Bintan. To answer this question, this paper uses action research. From the analysis of the data obtained, it shows that there was a significant increase in student learning interest after using the index card match learning method in Islamic Religious Education subjects compared to before the action was held. This shows that efforts to increase students' interest in learning by using the index card match method have proven effective in class VIII students of SMP Negeri 9 Bintan.
Production Practice of Solid Waste Desulfurizer Disposal in European Metallurgical Furnacen
Authors: Yong Zhang , Song Jin , Zhizhong He
Published: January 2024

In order to realize the OY Smelting Furnace disposal of solid waste, municipal waste, form a model of steel enterprises and urban integra⁃ tion, through the production practice of smelting furnace, analyzes the mechanism of solid waste disposal, and proposed the disposal of solid waste desulfurization agent and disposal method: According to the theory to guide the actual production process, the test ton of iron with 10- 15kg of desulfurizer in the production process does not affect the quality of molten iron and slag quality.
Exploring Hakka Earthen Building Culture and Tourism Development from the Perspective of Protection and Inheritance
Authors: Wei Shuang , Liu Wenhua , Liang Shaoru
Published: January 2024

Fujian Hakka earth building is the crystallization of history and culture formed by the Chinese nation after several years of struggle. It has become one of the world cultural heritages with its unique architectural style and rich cultural connotation, and is called the symbol of oriental civilization by experts, scholars and tourists from all over the world. Based on the perspective of protection and inheritance, this paper puts forward that Hakka Tulou has the value of historical culture, artistic aesthetics and scientific research, analyzes the present situation of Hakka Tulou's culture and tourism development, deeply digs the core problems that affect its future development, such as insufficient development and innovation, and puts forward corresponding suggestions, so that Hakka Tulou can give full play to its advantages in cultural tourism resources, create a diversified cultural tourism environment by using new formats, increase its inheritance on the basis of development and protection, and continue the historical context of Hakka.
Analysis of Risks and Countermeasures in Cross border Mergers and Acquisitions of Chinese Enterprises
Authors: Nie Xiaopeng , Dai Chenchen
Published: January 2024

With the process of economic globalization and world integration, cross-border mergers and acquisitions have become a major strategy for the rapid development of enterprises. Analyze the uneven distribution of cross-border M&A countries, lack of M&A experience, and unreasonable industrial structure of Chinese enterprises in cross-border M&A. Based on the successful case of Geely's acquisition of Volvo, propose reference suggestions such as establishing information dissemination channels, expanding financing channels, selecting different M&A locations based on different motives, and strengthening integration to achieve complementary advantages between both parties in M&A, To help governments and businesses make better decisions on cross-border mergers and acquisitions.
Analysis of the operation and management of Chinese new energy vehicle companies listed on the U.S. stock market: Take Li Auto as an example
Authors: Li Nianzhang , Wang Jiayi , Zhang Mengran , Zhu Mingjie , Xu Zihan
Published: January 2024

Achieving green growth is the main trend of today's world economic development, and new energy vehicles, as the future of green energy development, are of great significance for the implementation of industrial upgrading and adjustment and the development of low-carbon economy. Based on the analysis and SWOT analysis of the financing of this enterprise, this paper puts forward reasonable development suggestions for Li Auto, a new energy vehicle company listed in the United States as an example, and provides a certain reference for such new energy vehicle companies to effectively participate in international development.
Review of food system research
Authors: He Juan , Chen Yapin , Wu Shisong
Published: January 2024

In recent years, under the trend of domestic carbon peak, carbon neutral as the environmental goal and global sustainable development, food system, as an important issue closely related to human life has gradually entered the research vision of scholars. This paper uses the literature review method to summarize the research context of food system at home and abroad, and analyzed and predict the future research hotspots and trends of food system, in order to provide theoretical reference for the optimal development of healthy food system in China in the future. This paper holds that: (1) the concept of food system has evolved to a mature stage, and the research is more diverse, and more attention to the relationship between food system and community vitality, cultural retention, economic development, social justice, environmental quality, ecological integration and human health.(2) At present, the research theories and methods of food system mainly focus on structuralism, positivism and humanism.(3) The resilience of food system in the post-epidemic era, the transformation of food system in China and the development of local food system will become the research hotspot of food system in recent years.
Peranan Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Menghadapi Tantangan Radikalisme di Kalangan Remaja
Authors: Ulum Miftahul
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi peranan pendidikan Agama Islam dalam menghadapi tantangan radikalisme di kalangan remaja. Dengan latar belakang meningkatnya kasus radikalisme yang mempengaruhi remaja di berbagai belahan dunia, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami bagaimana pendidikan Agama Islam dapat berkontribusi dalam mencegah penyebaran paham radikal di kalangan muda. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, melalui wawancara mendalam dan studi literatur, untuk mengumpulkan data dari pelajar, pendidik, dan ahli dalam bidang pendidikan Islam dan studi radikalisme. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan Agama Islam yang efektif dan holistik berperan penting dalam membentuk pemahaman yang moderat dan inklusif tentang Islam. Pendidikan yang menekankan pada pemahaman mendalam tentang ajaran Islam, termasuk nilai-nilai toleransi, perdamaian, dan keberagaman, terbukti efektif dalam menangkal narasi radikal. Selain itu, pendekatan pendidikan yang menggabungkan diskusi terbuka tentang isu-isu kontemporer, termasuk radikalisme, mendorong siswa untuk berpikir kritis dan memahami kompleksitas masalah tersebut dalam konteks yang lebih luas. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa keterlibatan keluarga dan komunitas bersama sekolah dalam pendidikan karakter berbasis nilai-nilai Islam sangat krusial. Program pendidikan yang melibatkan dialog antara pelajar, keluarga, dan masyarakat memperkuat fondasi keagamaan yang sehat dan mencegah kerentanan terhadap radikalisme. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa pendidikan Agama Islam yang komprehensif, yang mempromosikan pemahaman mendalam dan kritis tentang ajaran Islam, bersama dengan keterlibatan aktif dari keluarga dan komunitas, merupakan kunci dalam mencegah penyebaran paham radikal di kalangan remaja. Penelitian ini menawarkan wawasan penting bagi pendidik dan pembuat kebijakan dalam merancang strategi pendidikan yang efektif untuk menghadapi tantangan radikalisme di kalangan muda.
El impacto de la reforma sobre el ejercicio de la capacidad jurídica de las personas con discapacidad en el Derecho Civil de Galicia. Cambios pendientes e interpretaciones necesarias en la aplicación de la Ley 2/2006, de 14 de junio
Authors: Álvarez Lata Natalia
Published: January 2024

El principal objetivo de la Ley 8/2021 es la adecuación del ordenamiento jurídico español a la Convención de Nueva York sobre los derechos de las personas con discapacidad, que afecta a todo el ordenamiento jurídico, por lo que la reforma que acomete la norma estatal ha de llevarse a cabo asimismo en los demás Derechos civiles que conviven en el territorio español. En Galicia, dicha adaptación no se ha producido aún, de suerte que este trabajo pretende analizar qué cambios (y en qué sentido e intensidad) y qué nuevas interpretaciones deberían realizarse, a nuestro juicio, en la Ley de Derecho civil de Galicia, ya por vía de reforma de las disposiciones legales en uso de sus competencias propias, adaptando la norma a las nuevas reglas derivadas de la Convención, ya por la vía de la entrada del Derecho supletorio y especialmente de la Ley 8/2021, ex art. 1.3 LDCG.
Institutional Repository Labschool Cibubur sebagai Implementasi Internet of Things (IoT) di Sekolah
Authors: Komarudin Ukim , Agustina Eka Putri , Rolis Ihsan
Published: January 2024

Pengembangan sistem digital telah memberikan solusi berbasis teknologi bagi lembaga pendidikan untuk mengakses produk pendidikan sebagai sumber pengetahuan dalam lingkungan virtual. Internet of Things (IoT) telah memimpin koneksi perangkat dalam berbagai jenis alat untuk mencapai reorganisasi yang cerdas. Keberadaan Institutional Repository (IR) di Labschool Cibubur adalah salah satu contoh yang nyata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan IR Labschool Cibubur. Dari observasi lapangan dan wawancara dengan para pustakawan, pemimpin sekolah, guru, serta beberapa siswa, ditemukan bahwa IR didirikan berdasarkan kebutuhan pembelajaran dan tuntutan layanan pengelolaan perpustakaan. IR Labschool Cibubur sendiri telah menyelesaikan sistem manajemen, mulai dari proses pendirian, aliran input, proses, hingga output berupa layanan produk. Hal ini juga didukung oleh ketersediaan akses terbuka. Sebagai IR yang baru didirikan, masih terdapat beberapa keterbatasan terutama dari segi laporan dan keamanan. Tidak ada laporan data yang dapat dideteksi secara khusus, seperti data harian, dan data belum dipisahkan sebagai pengguna tingkat Sekolah Dasar, Menengah, atau Menengah Atas. Meskipun statistik penggunaan IR Labschool Cibubur sangat diterima oleh pengguna, terutama ketika pandemi menyebabkan layanan perpustakaan offline dihentikan, penelitian atau evaluasi terhadap IR sangat diperlukan.
Analisis Model Rasch dalam Pengembangan Kuesioner Validasi Teoritik Butir Soal Pilihan Ganda Instrumen Tes Diagnostik
Authors: Maulana Slamet , Aroyandini Elvara Norma
Published: January 2024

Pengembangan instrumen tes diagnostik saat ini merupakan salah satu solusi untuk menganalisis masalah miskonsepsi. Dengan demikian, diperlukan instrumen yang dapat digunakan untuk secara teoritis memvalidasi instrumen tes diagnostik yang akan dikembangkan. Model Rasch merupakan salah satu model analisis yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan kelayakan suatu instrumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan kuesioner validasi teoritik butir soal pilihan ganda pada instrumen tes diagnostik melalui implementasi Model Rasch. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan dengan model ADDIE. Penelitian ini telah menghasilkan suatu instrumen validasi teoritis berbentuk kuesioner untuk memvalidasi butir soal berbentuk pilihan ganda pada suatu instrument tes diagnostik. Instrumen tes diagnostik yang telah dikembangkan terbagi menjadi tiga aspek, yaitu aspek materi sebanyak delapan butir, aspek konstruksi soal sebanyak 14 butir, dan aspek bahasa sebanyak enam butir. Hasil analisis Model Rasch menyatakan bahwa kuesioner validasi teoritik butir soal pilihan ganda pada instrumen tes diagnostik valid dari segi konstruk dan konstruk, serta reliabel. Penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa produk pendidikan berupa kuesioner validasi teoritik butir soal pilihan ganda pada instrumen tes diagnostik dinyatakan layak dan dapat digunakan.
Girls in Sailor Suits: Constructing Soft Power in Japanese Cultural Diplomacy
Authors: Pyun Kyunghee
Published: January 2024

Girls in sailor suits became visual symbols of Japanese modernity and subsequently of post-war Japanese popular culture. In modern Japan, from the 1920s, female students in sailor suits represented the Japanese alliance with European Enlightenment of the nineteenth century, which set itself aside from its competitors in East Asia in the process of modernization. After WWII, however, female characters in sailor suit school uniforms presented inviting access to Japanese popular culture through the genres of anime, manga, J-pop, horror films, and video games. These characters also emerged in a range of cultural categories: contemporary art for the cultural elite, Hollywood films for mass consumption, and the low-brow subculture of pornography. Japanese foreign policy, according to the Ministry of Foreign Aff airs, focuses on eff orts toward peace and disarmament and world economic development. The emphasis on being a ‘member of the West’ in East-West relations is well established in the context of the cultural influence of Japanese popular culture on broad regions beyond Asia-Pacific geopolitics. Girls in sailor suits became an accessible icon of cultural diplomacy, emulating the image of ‘the girl next door’ among fans of Japanese popular culture in the West: they wear school uniforms —a symbol of conformity and group identity— while their American counterparts wear casual jeans and shirts. Although Japan did not plan a geo-strategic vision of Japanese school girls representing its popular culture as a foreign policy, it succeeded in creating an image of accessible, disciplined partners of international cooperation.
Japan’s Strategy in Asia and the Indo-Pacific
Authors: Matake Kamiya
Published: January 2024

The “Indo-Pacific region” is a novel term in the lexicon of the actors on the global stage that has recently risen as the successor of the Asia-Pacific region due to the shift in the balance of geopolitical forces. The region’s expanding demographic, economic, and political potential makes it crucial in shaping the international order. Different actors have different understandings of this geopolitical construct; they also have varying economic and strategic approaches toward it. Japan has become a prominent participant in this region due to the eff orts of the Abe administration as well as its geographical location. This paper aims to examine the regional concept of the Indo-Pacific from Japan’s perspective, discuss the future Indo-Pacific vision that is desirable for Japan, and provide policy recommendations that would serve to realize this vision based on the assumption that Japan will pursue such an Indo Pacific vision in the future.
The Stability of the U.K.’s Involvement in the Indo-Pacific from the Perpective of Consensus Politics and Foreign Policy
Authors: Tanaka Ryosuke
Published: January 2024

The U.K. has been prominently involved in the Indo-Pacific in recent years. Despite being located far away geographically, the U.K. has a significant “tilt” towards the region based on its “Global Britain” initiative that aims to preserve the U.K.’s international influence following Brexit. The tension in the U.S.-China relations and the shift in Europe’s position towards China have also infl uenced the U.K.’s strategy. European countries, including the U.K., are currently developing their Indo-Pacific policies. However, the U.K.’s involvement in the Indo-Pacific is not secured by a large population, territory, or exclusive economic zone. Unlike other European countries, the U.K. has not formulated strategic policy documents specific to the Indo-Pacific yet. Therefore, the stability of the U.K.’s involvement in the Indo-Pacific remains questionable. This paper analyses the stability of the U.K.’s involvement in the Indo-Pacific and examines domestic consensus and foreign policy in the U.K.
Pengaruh Presipitasi NaOH dan Ca(OH)2 Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Tembaga Pada Limbah Cair PLTU Tanjung Enim 3 X 10 MW (PT. BEST)
Authors: Muhammad Abdul Ghony  , Triana Prihatin  , Citra Aulia Rizky
Published: January 2024

Aktivitas industri Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) yang memanfaatkan air dalam prosesnya, akan menghasilkan limbah dalam bentuk limbah cair. Limbah cair yang dihasilkan PLTU TE 3 X 10 MW (PT.BEST) yang mengandung kadar logam terlarut berupa tembaga (Cu) diatasi dengan cara dimanfaatkan kembali sebagai air feed demin plant, adapun kandungan Cu pada air limbah industri PLTU tersebut senilai 5.8 μg/L. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan bertambahnya konsentrasi kadar Cu pada air feed tersebut, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menurunkan kadar logam pada air limbah. Metode yang digunakan untuk menurunkan kadar logam adalah metode pengendapan menggunakan larutan NaOH dan Ca(OH)₂. Analisis kadar logam menggunakan spektrofotometer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi larutan, waktu pengendapan dan pengaruh larutan NaOH dan Ca(OH)₂ dalam menurunkan kadar Cu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh penambahan pengendapan NaOH dan Ca(OH)₂ terhadap waktu pengendapan. Semakin besar konsentrasi NaOH dan Ca(OH)₂ serta semakin lama waktu pengendapan, semakin besar persentase penurunan logam Cu. Persentase kadar logam Cu terbesar terdapat pada konsentrasi NaOH dan Ca(OH)₂ sebesar 15% dengan persentase penurunan masing-masing sebesar 94% dan 89%. Waktu optimum untuk mengendapkan logam Cu adalah 60 menit. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengendapan NaOH lebih baik daripada Ca(OH)₂.
Perbandingan Hasil Pengujian Kadar Karbon Pada Sampel Standar Soil Menggunakan CHN Analyzer 628 dan UV/VIS Spectrophotometer
Authors: Triana Prihatin  , Selvira Elfani
Published: January 2024

Pengujian ini dilakukan karena semakin banyaknya permintaan terhadap pengujian sampel tanah maka diperlukan proses preparasi sampel dan peralatan pengujian yang dapat dilakukan dalam waktu yang cukup singkat. Pengujian ini dilakukan menggunakan sampel standar soil CRM 502-694 dan CRM 502-697 yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan antara alat UV/VIS Spectrophotometer dan CHN Analyzer 628 sehingga dapat ditentukan alat manakah yang lebih efektif digunakan untuk menguji kandungan karbon pada sampel soil baik dari segi waktu maupun proses pengerjaannya. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) pengujian menggunakan alat CHN Analyzer 628 hasilnya lebih mendekati nilai setifikat sampel dari pada menggunakan alat UV/VIS Spectrophotometer dan 2) pengujian menggunakan CHN Analyzer 628 lebih efektif dilakukan dari pada UV/VIS Spectrophotometer
Identifikasi Risiko Pengoperasian Bulldozer Di Area Live Stockpile OPB 4 PT. Bukit Asam, Tbk.
Authors: Sarmidi Sarmidi  , Yulius Mases  , Rifky Aryadho Prananda
Published: January 2024

Alat berat adalah suatu alat yang berfungsi untuk mengangkut atau memindahkan material dalam kapasitas besar dan dalam waktu relatif singkat. Penggunaan alat berat juga sebagai salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan produktivitas perusahaan. Salah satu contoh alat berat yang dipakai satuan kerja penbara blok timur PT. Bukit Asam Tbk yaitu Bulldozer. Menurut situs penambang.com Bulldozer merupakan sebuah traktor rantai (crawler tractor) yang berguna untuk pekerjaan menggali, menggusur, mendorong tanah dan menarik suatu objek, yang dapat dioperasikan medan berbatu, berbukit, maupun tanah lumpur pada berbagai sektor pekerjaan seperti pertambangan, konstruksi, logging, hutan tanaman industri (forestry) dan perkebunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang dapat membahayakan pengoperasian Bulldozer, mengetahui Standar Operasional Prosedur pengoperasian Bulldozer di area livestock OPB 4 dan mengetahui pengaruh adanya bahaya yang dapat menimbulkan bahaya pengoperasian Bulldozer terhadap jam kerja dan efektivitas kerja Bulldozer di area stockpile OPB 4 PT. Bukit Asam Tbk. Hasil akhir menampilkan data berupa tabel waktu kerja bulldozer dan data laporan halangan yang dialami oleh bulldozer saat pengoperasian di area stockpile OPB 4 yang menyebabkan unit tersebut dilakukan adanya maintenance.
Analisis Perbandingan Berat Jenis Tanah Sampel Batulempung dan Batupasir Pada Titik Bor MHY 52A
Authors: Putra Putra  , Pausan Elpani  , Astrid Fadhilah  , Muhammad Abdul Ghony
Published: January 2024

Tanah dapat diartikan sebagai partikel mineral yang dipadatkan atau dilepaskan melalui pelapukan  batuan, dengan ruang pori di antara partikel-partikel tersebut terisi  udara dan/atau air. Nilai berat jenis (specific gravity) dari sampel tanah yang di uji dengan No titik BOR MHY 52A adalah Gs rata - rata = 2.61 - 2,66 gram dengan jenis batuan Batulempung (Claystone), sedangkan untuk Gs rata - rata 2,61 - 2,74 gram dengan jenis batuan Batupasir (Sandstone) dengan kemungkinan untuk sampel Claystone termasuk ke dalam jenis tanah lempung organik dan lanau tak organik karena untuk presentase akhir pengujian tanah lanau lebih dominan dibandingkan dengan tanah lempung (presentase tanah lempung 95,3 % sedangkan untuk presentase tanah lanau 104,6 %), sedangkan untuk sampel sandstone termasuk termasuk ke dalam jenis tanah pasir dengan sedikit campuran tanah lanau (presentase tanah pasir 75,2 % sedangkan untuk tanah lanau memiliki presentase 361,6 %). Hasil pengujian spesific gravity pada sampel claystone dan sandstone memiliki nilai yang berbeda. Pada sampel sandstone diketahui berat jenis rata – ratanya lebih besar daripada berat jenis rata – rata claystone. Hal ini disebabkan karena ada 2 faktor yang mempengaruhi berat jenis tanah yaitu tekstur dan bahan organik tanah. Pada tekstur, jika partikel tanahnya kasar, maka nilai berat jenis nya menjadi besar
Pengaruh dan Korelasi Analisis Proksimat (MAD, VM, Ash dan FC) Terhadap Nilai Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) Batubara di PT. Bukit Asam, Tbk. Effect and Correlation of Proximate Analysis (MAD, VM, Ash and FC) on the Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI)
Authors: Fadhilah Astrid , Ah Mirul
Published: January 2024

Batubara merupakan salah satu bahan bakar yang bersumber dari hidrokarbon berbentuk padat. Analisis proximate memberikan informasi penting bagi perusahaan tambang atau PLTU terkait dengan kualitas bahan bakar yang akan digunakan. HGI merupakan tolak ukur secara laboratorium dari mudah atau sulitnya batubara digerus atau di pulverizing. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian bahwa dari masing-masing parameter analisis proksimat (MAD, VM, Ash dan FC) memiliki hubungan terhadap nilai hardgrove grindability index (HGI) batubara. Parameter moisture air dry (MAD) memiliki hubungan positif (cukup) terhadap nilai HGI batubara dengan koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,265 dan nilai korelasi (r) 0,515, semakin meningkat kadar MAD maka nilai HGI akan semakin meningkat. Kandungan kadar volatile matter (VM) memiliki hubungan positif (sangat rendah) terhadap nilai HGI batubara dengan koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,0211 dan nilai korelasi (r) sebesar 0,1452, semakin meningkat kadar VM maka nilai HGI akan semakin meningkat. Sementara kandungan kadar abu (ash) memiliki hubungan negatif (rendah) terhadap nilai HGI batubara dengan koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,0588 dan nilai korelasi (r) -0,2424, semakin meningkat kadar abu maka nilai HGI akan semakin menurun. Kandungan kadar karbon tertambat (fixed carbon) memiliki hubungan positif (rendah) terhadap nilai HGI batubara dengan koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,0444 dan nilai korelasi (r) sebesar 0,2107, semakin meningkat kadar FC maka nilai HGI akan semakin meningkat
Association of the MTHFR Gene Polymorphisms with Efficacy and Toxicity of Methotrexate in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Ganeva Margarita , Stefanov Stefan , Teltcharova-Mihaylovska Albena , Tzveova Reni , Kaneva Radka , Saraeva Radoslava , Temelkova Katya
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene might be related to the prediction of toxicity and efficacy of methotrexate (MTX) in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in clinical practice.
Sixty-three patients (50 girls and 13 boys) fulfilling the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) criteria for JIA were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups – those undergoing treatment with MTX monotherapy and putative optimal response ($$n = 28$$), and those with poor response to therapy with MTX and therefore shifted to treatment with MTX and a biological agent ($$n = 35$$). DNA for SNP analysis was automatically isolated from whole blood through chemagic Magnetic Separation Module I instrument (PerkinElmer chemagen Technologie GmbH, Baesweiler, Germany). The following SNPs in MTHFR gene – 677C>T (rs1801133) and 1298A>C (rs1801131) – were analyzed using High Resolution Melt (HRM) analysis. A real-time PCR (RotorGene 6000, Qiagen, USA) was performed for amplification of DNA prior to HRM analysis.
We did not find any significant difference in the distribution of genotype ($$\chi2 = 1.04$$;  df $$= 2/\chi2 = 0.60$$; df = 2) and allele ($$\chi2 = 0.11$$; df = $$1/\chi 2 = 0.03$$; df = 1) frequencies of polymorphisms C677T and A1298C between the two groups. Adverse events (nausea, dizziness, headache, hepatotoxicity) due to MTX were noted among four of the patients. It was found that all of the patients who experienced side effects of the treatment carry the allelic variant C677T (three CT heterozygotes and one TT homozygote). The variant allele A1298C was found in one of these four patients.
We did not find any significant association between the C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of MTHFR and the efficacy and toxicity of methotrexate.
The Toxoplasma monocarboxylate transporters are involved in the metabolism within the apicoplast and are linked to parasite survival
Authors: Dong Hui , Yang Jiong , He Kai , Zheng Wen-Bin , Lai De-Hua , Liu Jing , Ding Hui-Yong , Wu Rui-Bin , Brown Kevin M. , Hide Geoff , Lun Zhao-Rong , Zhu Xing-Quan , Long Shaojun
Published: January 2024

The apicoplast is a four-membrane plastid found in the apicomplexans, which harbors biosynthesis and organelle housekeeping activities in the matrix. However, the mechanism driving the flux of metabolites, in and out, remains unknown. Here we used TurboID and genome engineering to identify apicoplast transporters in
Toxoplasma gondii
. Among the many novel transporters, we show that one pair of apicomplexan monocarboxylate transporters (AMTs) appears to have evolved from a putative host cell that engulfed a red alga. Protein depletion showed that AMT1 and AMT2 are critical for parasite growth. Metabolite analyses supported the notion that AMT1 and AMT2 are associated with biosynthesis of isoprenoids and fatty acids. However, stronger phenotypic defects were observed for AMT2, including in the inability to establish
T. gondii
parasite virulence in mice. This study clarifies, significantly, the mystery of apicoplast transporter composition and reveals the importance of the pair of AMTs in maintaining the apicoplast activity in apicomplexans.
Positive selection and relaxed purifying selection contribute to rapid evolution of male-biased genes in a dioecious flowering plant
Authors: Zhao Lei , Zhou Wei , He Jun , Li De-Zhu , Li Hong-Tao
Published: January 2024

Sex-biased genes offer insights into the evolution of sexual dimorphism. Sex-biased genes, especially those with male bias, show elevated evolutionary rates of protein sequences driven by positive selection and relaxed purifying selection in animals. Although rapid sequence evolution of sex-biased genes and evolutionary forces have been investigated in animals and brown algae, less is known about evolutionary forces in dioecious angiosperms. In this study, we separately compared the expression of sex-biased genes between female and male floral buds and between female and male flowers at anthesis in dioecious
Trichosanthes pilosa
(Cucurbitaceae). In floral buds, sex-biased gene expression was pervasive, and had significantly different roles in sexual dimorphism such as physiology. We observed higher rates of sequence evolution for male-biased genes in floral buds compared to female-biased and unbiased genes. Male-biased genes under positive selection were mainly associated with functions to abiotic stress and immune responses, suggesting that high evolutionary rates are driven by adaptive evolution. Additionally, relaxed purifying selection may contribute to accelerated evolution in male-biased genes generated by gene duplication. Our findings, for the first time in angiosperms, suggest evident rapid evolution of male-biased genes, advance our understanding of the patterns and forces driving the evolution of sexual dimorphism in dioecious plants.
Analyses of allele age and fitness impact reveal human beneficial alleles to be older than neutral controls
Authors: Pivirotto Alyssa M. , Platt Alexander , Patel Ravi , Kumar Sudhir , Hey Jody
Published: January 2024

A classic population genetic prediction is that alleles experiencing directional selection should swiftly traverse allele frequency space, leaving detectable reductions in genetic variation in linked regions. However, despite this expectation, identifying clear footprints of beneficial allele passage has proven to be surprisingly challenging. We addressed the basic premise underlying this expectation by estimating the ages of large numbers of beneficial and deleterious alleles in a human population genomic data set. Deleterious alleles were found to be young, on average, given their allele frequency. However, beneficial alleles were older on average than non-coding, non-regulatory alleles of the same frequency. This finding is not consistent with directional selection and instead indicates some type of balancing selection. Among derived beneficial alleles, those fixed in the population show higher local recombination rates than those still segregating, consistent with a model in which new beneficial alleles experience an initial period of balancing selection due to linkage disequilibrium with deleterious recessive alleles. Alleles that ultimately fix following a period of balancing selection will leave a modest ‘soft’ sweep impact on the local variation, consistent with the overall paucity of species-wide ‘hard’ sweeps in human genomes.Analyses of allele age and evolutionary impact reveal that beneficial alleles in a human population are often older than neutral controls, suggesting a large role for balancing selection in adaptation.
A retrospective study investigating the clinical significance of body mass index in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Bai Yuanzhen , Gong Guanwen , Aierken Reziya , Liu Xingyu , Cheng Wei , Guan Junjie , Jiang Zhiwei
Published: January 2024

Background

Acute pancreatitis is an unpredictable and potentially fatal condition for which no definitive cure is currently available. Our research focused on exploring the connection between body mass index, a frequently overlooked risk factor, and both the onset and progression of acute pancreatitis.

Material/Methods

A total of 247 patients with acute pancreatitis admitted to Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to February 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. After screening, 117 patients with complete height and body weight data were selected for detailed assessment. Additionally, 85 individuals who underwent physical examinations at our hospital during this period were compiled to create a control group. The study received ethical approval from the ethics committee of Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine (Ref: No.2022NL-114-02) and was conducted in accordance with the China Good Clinical Practice in Research guidelines.

Results

A significant difference in body mass index (BMI) was observed between the healthy group and acute pancreatitis (AP) patients (p < 0.05), with a more pronounced disparity noted in cases of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis (p < 0.01). A potential risk for AP was identified at a BMI greater than 23.56 kg/m2 (AUC = 0.6086, p < 0.05). Being in the obese stage I (95%CI, [1.11–1.84]) or having a BMI below 25.4 kg/m2 (95%CI, [1.82–6.48]) are identified as risk factors for adverse AP progression. Moreover, BMI effectively predicts the onset of acute edematous pancreatitis and acute necrotizing pancreatitis (AUC = 0.7893, p < 0.001, cut-off value = 25.88 kg/m2). A higher BMI correlates with increased recurrence rates within a short timeframe (r = 0.7532, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Elevated BMI is a risk factor for both the occurrence and progression of AP, and underweight status may similarly contribute to poor disease outcomes. BMI is crucial for risk prediction and stratification in AP and warrants ongoing monitoring and consideration.
Accionistas y grupos de interés: ¿Enemigos íntimos?
Authors: Palazón Ruiz Héctor
Published: January 2024

Existe consenso en afirmar que el objetivo principal de la empresa es maximizar utilidades y, en consecuencia, la tarea del directorio debe estar orientada a ello. Sin embargo, hace un tiempo surgió con fuerza un movimiento que contradice este postulado: el «stakeholderismo», el cual promueve que las empresas, al otorgar mayor o menor nivel de participación, también consideren las implicancias de sus decisiones en los grupos de interés (stakeholders) que circunvalan la órbita del giro de los negocios de la compañía. Más allá de que estemos o no de acuerdo con esta posición, consideramos necesario establecer una forma de balancear ambos enfoques. Existen varios antecedentes: hoy es usual incluir en los contratos cláusulas que regulan de alguna forma —mediante garantías o como condición resolutoria— contingencias reputacionales que puedan generar un mayor riesgo financiero; o también la Executive Order 12.866, promulgada por el entonces presidente de Estados Unidos Bill Clinton, que exige a las agencias, en la medida de lo posible, la cuantificación de los costos y beneficios de sus decisiones regulatorias.
Distribution of Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metals at Automobile Mechanic Dumpsites in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Lucky WJ  , Osuji LC  , Hart AI
Published: January 2024

The study aimed to assess physicochemical parameters and heavy metal levels at automobile mechanic workshop dumpsites in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Three dumpsites situated at, Port Harcourt, were sampled in the present study. Physicochemical parameters and heavy metals were monitored in soil samples from the dumpsites situated at Elekahia, Rumeme and Eleme, following standard protocols. The mean values of pH, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, alkalinity, TPH, Cr, Cd, Fe, Pb and Mg in the soil ranged from 6.1-7.3, 163.8 mg/kg-238.33 mg/kg, 15.76 mg/kg-16.233 mg/kg, 106.67 mg/kg-144.67 mg/kg, 88.33 mg/kg-399.23 mg/kg, 8502.41-9391.58 mg/kg, 0.169 mg/kg-0.282 mg/kg, 0.256 mg/kg-0.386 mg/kg, 3.327 mg/kg-3.519 mg/kg, and 0.137 mg/kg-0.19 mg/kg and 0.18 mg/kg-0.24 mg/kg, respectively. Soil pH, alkalinity, potassium, nitrogen and TPH were above WHO maximum safe limits. The study recommended among others that the government and other environmental agencies should organise programmes to educate automobile technicians on global best practices of waste management in the automobile industry.
Economics of Paddy Cultivation in Thamirabarani River Basin of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Mathiyazhini M. , Senthilnathan S. , Saravanakumar V. , Boomiraj K. , Kannan Balaji
Published: January 2024

The study was designed with the main objective of estimating the costs involved in Rice cultivation and returns from Rice production in selected villages of Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu. A multistage random sampling technique was employed to obtain primary data from the study area. Out of the 14 blocks in the Thoothukudi district, Karungulam block was selected, wherein two villages namely Vasavapuram and Vallanadu were selected purposively considering the area of Rice cultivation. From each of the selected villages, 40 farmers were selected randomly. For the study, a total of 80 farmers were chosen. The CACP (Commission on Agricultural Costs and Prices) cost concept has been used for the analysis. The major findings of this study revealed that per hectare, the cost of cultivation of paddy was calculated as Rs. 77,394.05. The major variables of cost were Human labour (26.11 per cent), the rental value of owned land (17.73 per cent), fertiliser (16.17) followed by Machine labour (15.74). The percentage of cost A and cost B in the total cost of cultivation was 85.47 and 89.13 per cent, respectively. The net return realized from paddy cultivation was Rs.48,320.84. The benefit-cost ratio was 1.62 indicating rice cultivation is economically profitable in the study area.
Multi-Objective Optimization Model for Home Health Care Routing and Scheduling with a Case Study
Authors: Rosyidi Cucuk Nur , Ramadandhyna Annisa Puja , Laksono Pringgo Widyo
Published: January 2024

Home health care (HHC) is a health service provided by a hospital so that patients can be taken care of at their homes. Assigning multiple caregivers to serve patients during working hours is one of the main issues in HHC planning. In this study, multi-objective mixed-integer nonlinear programming was formulated for HHC daily planning. The model aims to simultaneously minimize total service time, total traveled distance, total cost comprising the opportunity loss from unvisited patients and penalty cost due to the violation of gender preference, and total carbon emissions generated by the caregiver’s vehicle. Using real data from Dr. Moewardi Hospital, a case study was provided in order to show the applicability of the model. The model can be utilized to assist the HHC coordinator in determining the optimal schedule and routing of HHC visits.
Personality Patterns and Spiritual Intelligence Among Type One Diabetes Patients
Authors: Alkhutaba Malek
Published: January 2024

This study focused on examining the personality patterns and spiritual intelligence among type one diabetes patients by including participants who have type one diabetes. The sample of the study consisting of (45) type one diabetes patients was selected for careful observation of patients’ data. For measuring the personality patterns, the Big Five Inventory was used, and the Self-Report Inventory Spiritual Intelligence was used to examine the participants' Spiritual Intelligence. The findings of the study showed that. A moderate level of extraversion and neuroticism were indicated by participants. Also, A high level of spiritual understanding is reflected by the scores of spiritual intelligences. finding also indicated a higher score in extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness were positively correlated with higher levels of spiritual intelligence. Finally. It is well defined under the readings of regression analysis that in the case of spiritual intelligence openness and conscientiousness are the significant positive predictors. Other parameters that contributed actively are extraversion and agreeableness. Neuroticism acted as a negative predictor.
Profitability adjustment patterns in international food and consumer products industries
Authors: Acheampong Yvonne J. , Epperson James E. , Park Timothy A. , Gunter Lewell F.
Published: January 2004

The study encompasses an analysis of the variation in speeds of profitability adjustment and accounting bias by developed country and firm size for two important agribusiness industries. Evidence of speeds of profitability adjustment and accounting bias varying by firm size was found in the beverage and tobacco industry and by country in the food and consumer products industry. This suggests that the competitive pressures of integrated international markets are less of a factor in the food and consumer products industry [EconLit citations: L100, L150, L660]. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 20: 31–43, 2004.
Evaluating the economic effectiveness of pathogen reduction technologies in cattle slaughter plants
Authors: Malcolm Scott A. , Narrod Clare A. , Roberts Tanya , Ollinger Michael
Published: January 2004

Increasing risk and costs from food‐borne illness has led food‐processing firms to intensify pathogen reduction efforts. Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) is one system for evaluating which hazards need to be controlled and where in the production process they can be controlled. Firms may choose among many competing technologies that differ in cost and effectiveness at controlling pathogen growth. To evaluate a firm's pathogen control options, a probabilistic risk analysis model based on typical slaughterhouse practices is linked to a decision model to evaluate the cost effectiveness of seven combinations of pathogen‐reducing technologies. The likely comparative advantage of different strategies for large vs. small slaughterhouses is examined. Risk is compared for two cases with the same mean risk to illustrate the importance of correct model specification. The report concludes with a discussion of the institutional barriers and incomplete markets that affect the adoption and development of more effective pathogen reduction technologies. [EconLit citations: Q180, O300, L510]. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 20: 109–123, 2004.
Do U.S. marketing orders have much market power? An examination of the Almond Board of California
Authors: Crespi John M. , Chacón‐Cascante Adriana
Published: January 2004

This review tests the conventional wisdom that U.S. marketing orders act as profit‐maximizing cartels. It analyzes the marketing order for U.S. almonds in both the domestic and export markets. Such a case study is relevant to all U.S. marketing orders because the size and scope of the U.S. almond industry and the authority granted to a board of producers by the almond marketing order would seem to be conducive to profit‐maximizing cartel behavior. Nevertheless, the authors find that the market power exerted by the Almond Board of California is significantly less than would be expected from a profit‐maximizing cartel. [EconLit citations: L120, L430]. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 20: 1–15, 2004.
Managing international trade of food products: A survey of German and Australian companies
Authors: Fischer Christian
Published: January 2004

The major obstacles encountered in the management of international marketing are higher transaction costs and risks relative to home market business activities. More specifically, for food products there are six main problem areas, which arise from the literature: (1) education and training of export staff (including foreign language skills and knowledge of foreign business partners' mentality); (2) trade fair activities; (3) special food product logistics and marketing problems; (4) trade terms, export documentation and billing, and foreign exchange risk management; (5) provision of foreign market information; and (6) government assistance. Results from a questionnaire‐based survey of companies from Germany and Australia engaging in exporting and/or importing of food products suggest that staff education/training and logistics are the most important factors affecting success in international markets. Implications of this study are that agribusinesses must give special attention to staff recruitment and training and to the mastering of food product logistics if they want to compete successfully internationally. [EconLit citations: F140, Q130, Q170]. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 20: 61–80, 2004.