bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RCy3: Network biology using Cytoscape from within R
Authors: Gustavsen Julia A. , Pai Shraddha , Isserlin Ruth , Demchak Barry , Pico Alexander R.
Published: December 2019

RCy3 is an R package in Bioconductor that communicates with Cytoscape via its REST API, providing access to the full feature set of Cytoscape from within the R programming environment. RCy3 has been redesigned to streamline its usage and future development as part of a broader Cytoscape Automation effort. Over 100 new functions have been added, including dozens of helper functions specifically for intuitive data overlay operations. Over 40 Cytoscape apps have implemented automation support so far, making hundreds of additional operations accessible via RCy3. Two-way conversion with networks from \textit{igraph} and \textit{graph} ensures interoperability with existing network biology workflows and dozens of other Bioconductor packages. These capabilities are demonstrated in a series of use cases involving public databases, enrichment analysis pipelines, shortest path algorithms and more. With RCy3, bioinformaticians will be able to quickly deliver reproducible network biology workflows as integrations of Cytoscape functions, complex custom analyses and other R packages.
Understanding the vulnerability of a baby's skin to help treat and prevent nappy rash
Authors: Lumbers Melanie
Published: December 2019

With an estimated one third of all nappy wearing babies and toddlers experiencing nappy rash at any one time, it is critical that health professionals both understand the causative factors of nappy rash while also having full insight into prevention and management of this common complaint. Nappy rash can range in severity from mild to severe and can cause great discomfort and distress. Understanding the process and timescale of how a newborn's skin changes and develops helps support health professionals in understanding why certain skin cleansing regimes are supported, ensuring best practice is implemented.
Caring for people with asthma in primary care
Authors: Beeken Sarah
Published: December 2019

The British Thoracic Society/Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (BTS/SIGN) asthma guidelines were recently updated with the latest evidence. Sarah Beeken provides an overview of the key changes for practice nurses

In July this year, the British Thoracic Society/Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (BTS/SIGN) guidelines for the management of asthma were updated, in line with the latest evidence. These updates provide some new approaches to giving personalised care in order to help individuals to better manage their condition. The asthma review is key to good asthma care. This article explains how to gain a personalised understanding of the current control of the person's asthma, their risk of future attack, and how this will allow an appropriate medicine regime to be prescribed, and appropriate counselling and education given that is unique to the individual.
On Dyakonov–Voigt surface waves guided by the planar interface of dissipative materials: publisher’s note
Authors: Zhou Chenzhang , Mackay Tom G. , Lakhtakia Akhlesh
Published: December 2019

This publisher’s note corrects a reference in J. Opt. Soc. Am. B
36, 3218 (2019)JOBPDE0740-322410.1364/JOSAB.36.003218.
Autofocusing method for high-resolution three-dimensional profilometry
Authors: Hu Xiaowei , Wang Guijin , Hyun Jae-Sang , Zhang Yujin , Yang Huazhong , Zhang Song
Published: December 2019

State-of-the-art high-accuracy three-dimensional (3D) profilometry systems typically use a lens with a fixed focal length, making it difficult for them to measure scenes with large depth variations, especially dynamically changing ones. To address this need, this Letter proposes a novel, to the best of our knowledge, autofocusing method for high-resolution 3D profilometry with a digital fringe projection technique by (1) developing a novel continuous geometric parameter model for systems using electrically tunable lenses and (2) employing a focal plane detection algorithm. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by experiments.
Imaginário instituído, imaginário instituinte e identidade:
Authors: Teixeira Cláudia
Published: December 2019

Partindo do pressuposto de que a Eneida é uma obra que evoca um momento histórico no qual ocorreu um processo de transição cultural, este artigo analisa a forma como Virgílio define os imaginários instituído e instituinte da sociedade romana nos livros VI e VIII e o modo como o poeta integra o imaginário da nova ordem político-cultural no plano do processo histórico, em cuja ativação o conceito de identidade romana desempenhou um papel central. Assim, analisa-se a cosmovisão que Virgílio cria no livro VI da Eneida entre os imaginários instituído e instituinte, argumentando-se que a organização da matéria histórica forma um universo valorativamente ininterrupto e uma visão unificada da História, uma vez que o projeto augustano, longe de se alavancar em uma resposta crítica ao simbolismo institucional, surge como recriação do edifício simbólico anterior. A análise das guerras itálicas (livro VIII) dá continuidade à expressão do imaginário da Pax Romana e oferece novos elementos para a conceptualização do Outro na Eneida. A missão que Anquises atribui ao império (6. 851-853) ganha uma amplificação qualitativa, com a integração etrusca na coligação: os contornos dessa integração, que implicam o reconhecimento de que nos povos nativos se encontram aspirações à justiça, redefine o conceito de Outro, dotando consequentemente o papel de Eneias nas guerras de um valor axiológico.Por fim, discute-se se a morte de Turno oblitera a construção do imaginário da Pax desenhado nos livros VI e VIII, argumentando-se que a decisão de Eneias, mais do que pôr em causa essa construção, expressa as tensões que tipicamente ocorrem em momentos de fronteira, marcados pela oscilação entre o compromisso com o passado histórico da sociedade instituída e a adesão ao projeto da uma sociedade que se pretende instituir.
Mentoring is an Intellectual Pillar of Ethnobiology
Authors: Flachs Andrew , Olson Elizabeth A. , Marston John M. , Gillreath-Brown Andrew
Published: December 2019

Ethnobiology relies on community partnerships and relationships between elders or other knowledge keepers and students. Our Society of Ethnobiology, like all academic organizations, has its own issues with discrimination and abuses of power. But more than other academic disciplines, contemporary ethnobiology is practiced with and strengthened by close, respectful working relationships. As such, we offer our thoughts on the lessons ethnobiology brings to mentorship and accountability while outlining some of the specific steps we are taking as an academic and practicing community.
Blind After a Binge: Purtscher-like Retinopathy in Acute Alcoholic Pancreatitis
Authors: Tariq Tooba , Reaume Michael , Hammar Dagan , Shallal Anita , Schauer Mark
Published: December 2019

Purtscher-like retinopathy is an occlusive microvasculopathy that causes sudden onset vision loss of varying severity. The condition is a rare complication of acute pancreatitis and is scarcely documented in the literature. In addition, it is vision-threatening, and there are no evidence-based therapies available. We report a 37-year-old woman presenting with abdominal pain and nausea in the setting of heavy alcohol use. She was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. During hospitalization, she developed acute visual disturbance and was found to have significantly diminished visual acuity. A dilated funduscopic examination demonstrated multiple retinal cotton wool spots bilaterally and macular edema. The patient was diagnosed with Purtscher-like retinopathy in the setting of acute pancreatitis. Although the prognosis for her vision was guarded, given the ischemic nature of the insult, she had subjective improvement in visual acuity during the remainder of the hospital course with symptomatic management.
β-Blocker-Induced Liver Injury: A Class Effect With Incidental Rechallenge
Authors: Mitchell Natalie E. , Harner William , Laczek Jeffrey
Published: December 2019

Drug-induced liver injury is a common cause of acute liver failure. β-blockers are a widely prescribed class of medications; however, hepatotoxicity is a rare adverse effect of this medication of which clinicians must be aware. This case suggests that hepatotoxicity may be a class effect of β-blockers.
Resistensi Nelayan dalam Pembangunan PLTU Cilacap Desa Menganti Kecamatan Kesugihan Kabupaten Cilacap
Authors: Fitrianita Elsa , Kistanto Nurdien Harry , Lathifah Af'idatul
Published: December 2019

This research was conducted to find out and describe the resistance of Menganti Kisik fihermen in the construction of the PLTU Cilacap in Menganti Village, Kesugihan District, Cilacap Regency, analyzing the sources and forms that caused the resistance of Menganti fihermen to the construction of the PLTU Cilacap  and how the strategies to survive and efforts to resolve the conflict. The research method used is the ethnographic method. This research was conducted in March to May in the coastal area of Menganti Village, Menganti Kisik. The data collection techniques are carried out by means of observation, ethnographic interviews, and documentation. The data analysis techniques were carried out in an ethnographic manner with qualitative descriptions. The results of the study showed that the resistance of the Menganti Kisik fishermen occurred due to the perceived loss in the social, economic and physical sectors due to the construction of the PLTU Cilacap. Fishermen choose the hidden transcript resistance and collective resistance. The fishermen do the resistance is because of  the imbalance of the work space sector and damage to the coastal and marine areas which cause coastal abrasion in Menganti Village. The kind of resistance are include the differences in perceptions between fishermen in responding to the construction of the PLTU Cilacap, compensation polemics, and expressions of resistance. The strategy of surviving fishermen in the midst of losses due to the construction of the PLTU Cilacap is to establish a social organization KUPM Menganti Kisik which is used as a medium of collective resistance.
Korean Pop sebagai Identitas Subkultur iKONIC
Authors: Hanjani Vania P , Amirudin Amirudin , Purnomo Eko Punto
Published: December 2019

The popularity of Korean Pop culture can be used as a reference for adolescents to become a spear of maturity which ends in the formation of a subculture. We will discuss about how young people who gradually follow the development of iKON, a boygroup. They are willing to set aside most of the money they get, in order to fulfill their desire for satisfaction for iKON. iKON is a famous South Korean boy group that is currently very admired. This group has even won many awards and managed to become one of the closing guest stars of the well-known sports festival named ASIAN GAMES 2018 with their song Rhythm Ta and Love Scenario. With this phenomenon, more and more teenagers have decided to become iKONIC, an iKON fan community.This ethnographic and qualitative research will address the symbolic theory of interpretivism by Clifford Geertz which explains that culture is a system of regularity of meanings and symbols. With this meaning, each individual will communicate, establish, and develop knowledge about life as well as addressing life. Like teenagers who are members of the iKONIC community, they learn, receive and share the symbols from iKON. iKONIC will make iKON as a reference in doing everything in their lives. iKONIC is willing to buy many items related to iKON such as albums, merchandise, streaming passes, and even concert tickets that are very expensive. The more they are fond of the presence of iKON, the more they cling to the principles instilled by iKON. Their daily habits in imitating, accessing information continuously, result in their own dependence on them. The occurrence of many processes such as social contact, cultural understanding, the cognition system which became a symbol system, then shared, this is the reason existence of habits that continue to occur to become a culture for the iKONIC. So that a subculture is formed in the midst of a culture that has become widespread and entrenched.
Hegemoni Jawa Mataraman dalam Tari Soreng sebagai Ikon Budaya Kabupaten Magelang
Authors: Waluyo Sukarjo
Published: December 2019

The problem of locality and local wisdom in Indonesia became a problem that received a lot of attention after the 1998 reform. Government in the New Order era which was previously centralized and centralized in Jakarta turned into decentralized with the concept of regional autonomy. Some districts and cities in Central Java began to identify the rich history, local arts and culture to be appointed as regional icons. Magelang regency made the Soreng dance from Ngablak District a typical dance of a cultural icon. Soreng Dance tells the story of one of the historical figures in Java, namely Arya Penangsang. Characterization of the Arya Penangsang in the Soreng dance which take the source of the story from the Babad Tanah Djawi represent a form of representation of the Javanese ruler of Mataraman, namely the Sultanate of Pajang which was passed on by the Sultanate of Mataram and its heirs (Surakarta Palace, Yogyakarta Palace, Mangkunegaran, and Pakualaman) for the benefit of hegemony. The results of this study reveal that representation is used by several parties concerned with the figure of Arya Penangsang, namely: 1) Babad Tanah Djawi / Javanese Mataraman culture manifested in Soreng dance art; 2) Soreng dance depicts Arya Penangsang as a rude and power-hungry figure, defeated by a very young child, and his territory (Jipang) is despised by the Pajang Sultanate because it is seen as a rebel; 3) Soreng dance strengthens the representation of hegemony-style Babad Tanah Djawi/Javanese Mataraman culture.
SWEARING IN BANJARNESE: A GENDER ANALYSIS
Authors: Lestary Agustina , Mubarraq Yasyir Fahmi
Published: December 2019

This study aims to analyze the swearing words used by Banjarese. The researchers  apply the gender analysis as the main theoretical framework. The data of this study are swearing words commonly used by Banjarese, regardless of age or educational background. The swearing words are classified into; those mostly used by male and those used by female. The researchers draw conclusion after classifying the group of words and what they represent. Based on the findings, it is found that male and female mostly use different words to swear. Female uses wider range of words to swear in comparison to the words used by male.
PELA BOLA: MODAL SOSIAL PELA YANG DIBENTUK MELALUI SEPAKBOLA SEBAGAI KEKUATAN DALAM HUBUNGAN ISLAM-KRISTEN DI MALUKU
Authors: Adriaansz Sofia Liana , Lattu Izak Yohan Matriks , Pilakoannu Rama Tulus
Published: December 2019

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis terciptanya hubungan Pela yang terbentuk melalui media sepakbola sebagai arena integrasi hubungan Islam Kristen yang dibangun dalam hubungan kekerabatan berbasis identitas kultural yakni Pela Bola. Penelitian ini berfokus pada hubungan Pela Bola di Negeri Mamala dan Lateri, Maluku. Dalam penelitian ini penulis memakai teori modal sosial oleh Francis Fukuyama dan beberapa pemikiran modal sosial lainnya dari Robert Putnam serta didukung juga oleh beberapa teori lainnya. Metode yang digunakan ialah penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara mendalam, observasi, studi-studi dokumenter dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa penciptaan identitas lokal yakni hubungan kekerabatan Pela di Negeri Mamala dan Lateri dapat terjadi melalui sebuah media yaitu sepakbola. Pela Bola menjadi sebuah modal sosial yang sangat kuat untuk mengintegrasikan masyarakat dan mempertahankan solidaritas hubungan antaragama yang diwujudkan melalui media sepakbola sebagai arena integrasi dalam menciptakan identitas kultural berasas kearifan lokal dalam mempererat hubungan kekerabatan dalam komunitas Islam-Kristen di Maluku.
Être en vie sans vraiment l’être ? Autour du « corps naturel ayant la vie en puissance » (De Anima 412a20).
Authors: Mittelmann Jorge
Published: December 2019

John Ackrill argued that Aristotelian bodies are conceptually promiscuous, since they fail to exemplify the modal relations that are expected to hold between their matter and their form. Although “potentially alive”, organic bodies are bound to be ensouled, on pain of lacking the required potential; but to the extent that they are ensouled, they are already actually alive. It seems odd to claim that a body may lack (qua “potential”) what it cannot help having (as necessarily enjoying life). This paper claims that the standard solution (which distinguishes an essentially ensouled body from its underlying inanimate substrate) falls short of the strong unity living beings display, given that nothing in them can be accidentally alive (De Anima 415b13). An alternative proposal is advanced, based on two distinctions Aristotle draws in his philosophical lexicon: (i) both matter and form have a claim to being called “nature”; (ii) formal nature may be found in its subject either (ii.a) in actuality or (ii.b) in potentiality (Met. 1015a18). It is argued that the characterization of organic bodies as “potentially alive” conforms to (ii.b), a pattern that helps explain the specific way in which bodies share in the organisms’ life. Two possible instances of (ii.b) are finally considered by way of illustration.
Evolutionary Foundations for a Theory of Moral Progress?
Authors: Sterelny Kim
Published: December 2019

Buchanan and Powell develop a concept of moral progress, and build a middle-range theory of how moral progress comes about. They argue on the basis of their view of the evolutionary origins of normative thought that further moral progress towards more inclusive moral and political systems is possible. In doing so they rebut a conservative reading of the evolution of normative thought: a reading that regards the hope for inclusive moral systems as utopian. Buchanan and Powell argue that this ‘evoconservative’ argument overlooks overwhelming evidence of the adaptive plasticity of normative thought. I agree with their rejection of that evoconservative position, but give an alternative account of the evolutionary foundations of normative cognition and its plasticity. But I also argue that there is a gap in their defence of their view of moral progress: it begs the question against exclusive, relational conceptions of the naturalistic foundations of normative obligations and rights. Their account is less fully naturalistic than they seem to suppose, for it lacks a developed account of the natural facts which make normative claims true, and it is not clear that there is an account to be given that would vindicate their inclusive liberal intuitions about the norms we should have.
Moral Progress for Evolved Rational Creatures
Authors: FitzPatrick William J.
Published: December 2019

Allen Buchanan and Russell Powell have developed a rich ‘biocultural theory’ of the nature and causes of moral progress (and regress) for human beings conceived as evolved rational creatures with a nature characterized by ‘adaptive plasticity’. They characterize their theory as a thoroughly naturalistic account of moral progress, while bracketing various questions in moral theory and metaethics in favor of focusing on a certain range of more scientifically tractable questions under some stipulated moral and metaethical assumptions. While I am very much in agreement with the substance of their project, I wish to query and raise some difficulties for the way it is framed, particularly in connection with the claim of naturalism. While their project is clearly naturalistic in certain senses, it is far from clear that it is so in others that are of particular interest in moral philosophy, and these issues need to be more carefully sorted out. For everything that has been argued in the book, the theory on offer may be only a naturalistic component of a larger theory that must ultimately be non-naturalistic in order to deliver the robust sort of account that is desired. Indeed, there are significant metaethical reasons for believing this to be the case. Moreover, if it turns out that some of the assumptions upon which their theory relies require a non-naturalist metaethics (positing irreducibly evaluative or normative properties and facts) then even the part of the theory that might have seemed most obviously naturalistic, i.e., the explanation of how changes in moral belief and behavior have come about, may actually require some appeal to non-naturalistic elements in the end.
The Evolution of Moral Progress Meets Social Science: Suggestions to Augment an Ambitious Argument
Authors: Hitlin Steven
Published: December 2019

Buchanan and Powell’s ambitious work offers a wide-ranging philosophical treatment about one of social science’s active inquries: human morality and how it evolved. This review humbly offers a brief engagement with the social science of morality, both to support the book’s conclusions and occasionally to build productive interdisciplinary bridges toward an even more fuller treatment of the topic.
Homotopies of crossed complex morphisms of associative R-algebras
Authors: Akça İbrahim İlker , Avcıoğlu Osman
Published: December 2019

In this study, given two crossed complexes

𝒞

{\mathcal{C}}

and

𝒟

{\mathcal{D}}

of associative R-algebras and a crossed complex morphism

f
:

𝒞
→
𝒟

{f\colon\mathcal{C}\to\mathcal{D}}

, we construct a homotopy as a pair

(
H
,
f
)

{(H,f\/)}

, where

H
=

(

H
n

)

{H=(H_{n})}

is a sequence of R-linear maps

H
n

:

C
n

→

D

n
+
1

{H_{n}\colon C_{n}\to D_{n+1}}

.
Then we show that for a fixed pair

𝒞

{\mathcal{C}}

and

𝒟

{\mathcal{D}}

of crossed complexes of associative R-algebras, the family of all homotopies between crossed complex morphisms from

𝒞

{\mathcal{C}}

to

𝒟

{\mathcal{D}}

has a groupoid structure with crossed complex morphisms as objects and homotopies as morphisms.
Negotiation of meaning in child-child vs. adult-adult interactions: Evidence from low proficiency EFL learners
Authors: Lázaro-Ibarrola Amparo , Azpilicueta-Martinez Raúl
Published: December 2019

Although adult and child differences have been a central issue in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) little is still known about the relationship between age and interaction. Within the interactionist framework, whose main claim is that conversation, especially when it generates negotiation of meaning, facilitates learning, researchers have suggested that children negotiate less than adults, at different rates and producing fewer moves to check comprehension. However, these claims have been made by comparing children and adults from different studies. In order to offer a more reliable comparison, we examine the interactions of 14 adults and 20 children, at similar levels of proficiency, performing a communicative oral task with (level and age) matched peers.

Unlike suggested, children produce as much negotiation of meaning as adults and both age groups primarily use their moves to prevent misunderstandings. In light of these results, some previous claims are questioned and refined.
Modulation of key enzymes linked to Parkinsonism and neurologic disorders by Antiaris africana in rotenone-toxified rats
Authors: Ilesanmi Omotayo B. , Akinmoladun Afolabi C. , Josiah Sunday S. , Olaleye Mary Tolulope , Akindahunsi Afolabi A.
Published: December 2019

Background

The physiopathologies of many neurologic diseases are characterized by related biochemical dysfunctions that could be explored as drug targets. This study evaluated the effect of a methanol leaf extract of Antiaris africana (MEA) on critical bioindices of Parkinsonism and related neurologic dysfunctions in rats with rotenone-induced neurotoxicity.

Methods

Animals were administered 50 or 100 mg/kg MEA for 14 consecutive days. Rotenone (1.5 mg/kg) was administered three times per day on days 13 and 14. Coenzyme Q10 (5 mg/kg) was the reference drug. Complex I activity, dopamine level, activities of acetylcholinesterase, myeloperoxidase, Na+/K+ ATPase and glutamine synthetase, as well as oxidative stress indices were evaluated at the end of the period of treatment.

Results

Rotenone-intoxicated group showed disruption of complex 1 activity, dopamine level, and glutamine synthetase activity with negative alterations to activities of acetylcholinesterase, myeloperoxidase, and Na+/K+ ATPase as well as heightened cerebral oxidative stress. MEA restored brain mitochondria functionality, mitigated altered neurochemical integrity, and ameliorated cerebral oxidative stress occasioned by rotenone neurotoxicity. The activity of A. Africana was comparable with that of 5 mg/kg coenzyme Q10.

Conclusions

These results indicated that A. africana displayed therapeutic potential against Parkinsonism and related neurologic dysfunctions and support its ethnobotanical use for the treatment of neurologic disorders.
Identifying space-time dependent force on the vibrating Euler–Bernoulli beam by a boundary functional method
Authors: Liu Chein-Shan , Li Botong
Published: December 2019

In this paper we estimate an unknown space-time dependent force being exerted on the vibrating Euler–Bernoulli beam under different boundary supports, which is obtained with the help of measured boundary forces as additional conditions.
A sequence of spatial boundary functions is derived, and all the boundary functions and the zero element constitute a linear space.
A work boundary functional is coined in the linear space, of which the work is approximately preserved for each work boundary function.
The linear system used to recover the unknown force with the work boundary functions as the bases is derived and the iterative algorithm is developed, which converges very fast at each time step.
The accuracy and robustness of the boundary functional method (BFM) are confirmed by comparing the estimated forces under large noise with the exact forces.
We also recover the unknown force on the damped vibrating Euler–Bernoulli beam equation.
A Flow Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of A Single Radial Swirler Combustor
Authors: Lee Kyobin , Kim Jong-Chan , Sung Hong-Gye
Published: December 2019

A diffusion combustor with a single radial swirler in non-reacting condition is investigated via a large eddy simulation (LES). Three dynamic analysis methods – the fast Fourier transform (FFT), proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) – are implemented to investigate the flow dynamic characteristics of the combustor. The kerosene-air combustor analyzed in the study was designed by the German Aerospace Center (DLR). It has a square cross-section and uses kerosene as fuel, which is modeled as a pre-vaporized and surrogated fuel consisting of 242 species. The first tangential(1T) mode in combustor caused by the swirler emerges dominantly in the combustor. This 1T mode exhibits the largest amount energy in the combustor dynamics, as verified by POD, and the DMD analysis determines the frequency of 1876.8 Hz. The fuel injector dynamics is associated with Helmholtz resonator frequency of 816.5 Hz. To analyze the instability, the DMD method is employed to investigate the growth rate of the most dominant dynamic structure.
Reconsidering Ambrose’s Reception of Basil’s Homiliae in Hexaemeron: The Lasting Legacy of Origen
Authors: Pierce Alexander H.
Published: December 2019

In the late 380 s, Ambrose of Milan preached nine Lenten homilies on the “six days” of Genesis 1. Basil of Caesarea’s Homiliae in Hexaemeron (ca. 378) has long been recognized as a source for Ambrose. To study Ambrose’s reception of Basil is, however, complicated by Ambrose’s familiarity with other early Christian thinkers, as is attested by Jerome’s assertion in Epistula 84,7 that “Ambrose also compiled from his [Origen’s] Hexaemeron, in such a way that he conforms more nearly to the thoughts of Hippolytus and Basil.” Jerome’s sweeping judgment, whether or not we should take it at face value, suggests that Ambrose in some way borrowed from Origen while claiming the authority of Hippolytus and Basil. In an attempt to consider the reliability of Jerome’s testimony, this article considers the extent to which Jerome’s depiction of Ambrose’s use of Origen and Basil can be validated by looking more closely at the way their respective views of the nature, origin, and relation of spiritual and material creation arise out of their exegesis of Genesis. Attending to the legacy of Origen in Basil and Ambrose enhances our understanding of Ambrose’s subtle and selective use of the theological and interpretive traditions of earlier Christianity.
Sound and Unsound Teachings in the Ad Evagrium (CPG 3222/1774): Problems of Authenticity and Doctrinal Context of a Pseudo-Gregorian Work
Authors: Celia Francesco
Published: December 2019

Among the works ascribed to Gregory Thaumaturgus, Gregory of Nazianzus, and Gregory of Nyssa there is one entitled, in Greek, Ad Evagrium monachum, de deitate, and, in Syriac, Ad Philagrium, de consubstantiali, which deals with the issue of whether the nature of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit is simple or composite. While the attributions to the Cappadocians have been ruled out on the basis of its Monarchian contents, current scholarship is still completely divided in dating it to the third or to the fourth century, so that the mutually exclusive hypotheses that the Thaumaturgus was its author and that Evagrius of Pontus was its addressee have continued to coexist. This study accounts for the investigations of previous scholars and focuses on those doctrinal contents which are attacked and endorsed in the work and which allow us to date it with some degree of certainty. It is argued that the main polemical focus of the Ad Evagrium was Eunomius’ theory of names and that it was written by an exponent of the Marcellian party in the late 370 s.
Participation of the Immune System and Hedgehog Signaling in Neoangiogenesis Under Laser Photobiomodulation
Authors: Gonzalez Ana Cristina , Santos Elisângela Trindade , Freire Tila Fortuna Costa , Sá Maíra Ferreira , Andrade Zilton de A. , Medrado Alena R. A. P.
Published: December 2019

Introduction: This study aimed to characterize immune and endothelial cells, myofibroblasts and pericytes, and positive cells for hedgehog proteins in late tissue repair of rats skin wounds treated with 670 nm photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT). Methods: A blind experimental study was conducted, in order to assess the effect of PBMT in later stages of healing, with emphasis on neoangiogenesis, immune cells and Hedgehog signaling. Forty Wistar rats were allocated randomly in two groups; control and treated with a diode GaAlAs laser (9 mW, 670 nm, 0.031 W/cm², spot size of 0.28 cm², fluence of 4 J/ cm2 applied every other day, until a total dose of 16 J/cm2 was achieved). Standardized skin wounds were performed and the animals were euthanized at 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. Tissue sections were subjected to hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry for CD31, NG2, smooth muscle alpha actin, CD8, CD68, Ptch, Gli-2 and Ihh. All histomorphometric data were statistically analyzed and significance level was at P<0.05. Results: At late stages of wound healing, neoangiogenesis persisted as revealed for the number of CD31+ cells (P=0.016) and NG2+ and smooth muscle alpha actin positive pericytes (P=0.025), for both experimental groups. By day 21, laser-treated group had decreased CD68+ cells (P=0.032) and increased CD8+ (P=0.038). At remodeling stage, there were positive cells for the hedgehog signaling pathway family which seemed to be activated. Conclusion: These data suggest that photobiomodulation therapy was able to modulate extracellular matrix remodelling even at the later stages of wound healing.??
The Effect of Photobiomodulation on Distraction Osteogenesis
Authors: Sarmadi Sarvin , Tanbakuchi Behrad , Hesam Arefi Arian , Chiniforush Nasim
Published: December 2019

Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a surgical procedure to increase bone height in different body parts. DO includes a surgical incision, wherein the bone is cut and a device is installed for further separation of the two ends by gradual unscrewing of the device screw. New bone gradually forms and fills the gap, and the bone height increases as such. Photobiomodulation (PBM) or low-level laser therapy (LLLT) enhances the formation of soft and hard tissue such as bone and can, therefore, accelerate the process of DO and shorten the duration of different surgical phases of DO such as latency, activation, and consolidation. Different laser types with variable exposure settings and protocols have been used for this purpose. The gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser is the most commonly used laser type for LLLT. This study reviews 18 published articles on the effects of LLLT on DO and summarizes their findings to further elucidate this topic.
The Efficacy of Carbone Dioxide Laser Debridement Along With Low-Level Laser Therapy in Treatment of a Grade 3 Necrotic Burn Ulcer in a Paraplegic Patient (A Case Report)
Authors: Kazemikhoo Nooshafarin , Hashemi Pour Saeed , Nilforoushzadeh Mohammad Ali , Mokmeli Soheila , Dahmardehei Mostafa
Published: December 2019

Introduction: A deep burn ulcer, especially in areas with sensory-motor dysfunction, is hard to cure. Case Report: The patient was a 20-year-old paraplegic girl with a grade 3 necrotic burn ulcer for 3 weeks. We used a fractional Co2 laser along with chemical debridement with trichloroacetic acid (TCA 80%) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) with a 808 nm infrared laser, 6 J/cm2 for the necrotic area, and a 650 nm red laser, 2 J/cm2 for the open wound area. Complete healing occurred after 25 sessions without surgery. Conclusion: Laser debridement along with LLLT and TCA administration may be useful to treat necrotic ulcers without surgery.
Structural Features of Old Growth Forest from South Eastern Carpathians, Romania
Authors: Cristea Valentin , Leca Ștefan , Ciceu Albert , Chivulescu Șerban , Badea Ovidiu
Published: December 2019

Background and Purpose: Romania’s forests are of globally significant value due to their natural characteristics, as similar forests in some other parts of the world have been lost forever. These types of forests, so-called "virgin" and "quasi-virgin (old growth)" forests, are also identified in the Buzau Mountains, which are part of the Eastern Carpathians in Romania (Curvature Region).
Materials and Methods: To study and understand the structure and dynamics of primeval forest, four permanent one-hectare research plots were installed in the Penteleu Mountains, part of the Buzau Mountains. All trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) greater than 80 mm were measured and their main dendrometric characteristics (DBH, height and social position) registered. The forest structure was analysed by fitting different theoretical distribution functions (beta, gamma, gamma 3P, gamma 3P mixt, loglogistic 3p, lognormal 3P and Weibull 3p). The structural homogeneity of the permanent research plots was tested using the Camino index (H) and Gini index (G).
Results: For the smaller DBH categories, Norway spruce was relatively shorter in height, but with increasing DBH, the heights of Norway spruce exceeded those of European beech. Stand volume varied between 615 and 1133 m3 per hectare. The area of maximum stability where we encountered the lowest tree height variability was recorded between the 60 cm and 100 cm diameter categories. The Lorenz curve and the Gini index indicated that the studied stands have high structural biodiversity.
Conclusions: The results showed that the studied forests have an optimal structural diversity, assuring them a higher stability and multifunctionality. Thus, these forests are models for managed forests.
Jiu-Jitsu-Specific Performance Test: Reliability Analysis and Construct Validity in Competitive Athletes
Authors: da Silva Junior Jorge N. , Kons Rafael L. , de Lucas Ricardo D. , Detanico Daniele
Published: December 2019

da Silva Junior, JN, Kons, RL, de Lucas, RD, and Detanico, D. Jiu-jitsu-specific performance test: Reliability analysis and construct validity in competitive athletes. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 174–179, 2022—The aim of this study was twofold: to analyze the test-retest reliability and sensitivity of Jiu-Jitsu “anaerobic” performance test (JJAPT) variables, and to determine the construct validity of JJAPT by comparing groups of athletes with different levels and technical profiles. Sixty Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) athletes participated in this study. The reliability analysis was performed with all athletes and the construct validity was tested in the group comparisons—novice vs. advanced level and guard versus pass fighters. From the JJAPT, the number of repetitions, rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and average heart rate were assessed over the 5 sets. The test-retest reliability was assessed by absolute and relative analysis for each variable. The construct validity was tested by comparison means and the receiving operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used with the level of significance set at 5%. The main results demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability for all but the RPE in the first sets, with good sensitivity and agreement. The maximal number of repetitions in the JJAPT showed good construct validity, as it showed sensitivity to discriminate the performance between the advanced and novice BJJ athletes (p < 0.001, ROC curve area of 0.95). However, no significant difference was found between the technical profile groups (p > 0.05). We concluded that the JJAPT presents excellent performance reliability as a specific-sport test. In addition, the test presented evidence of construct validity, because it discriminated the performance between the advanced and novice BJJ athletes.
Acute Capsaicin Supplementation Improved Resistance Exercise Performance Performed After a High-Intensity Intermittent Running in Resistance-Trained Men
Authors: de Freitas Marcelo Conrado , Cholewa Jason M. , Panissa Valéria Leme Gonçalves , Toloi Gabriela Gallucci , Netto Hed Carlos , Zanini de Freitas Camila , Freire Renan Valero , Lira Fabio Santos , Rossi Fabricio Eduardo
Published: December 2019

de Freitas, MC, Cholewa, JM, Panissa, VLG, Toloi, GG, Netto, HC, Zanini de Freitas, C, Freire, RV, Lira, FS, and Rossi, FE. Acute capsaicin supplementation improved resistance exercise performance performed after a high-intensity intermittent running in resistance-trained men. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 130–134, 2022—We sought to investigate the acute effects of capsaicin supplementation on the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate during high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) and resistance exercise performance executed after HIIE in resistance-trained men. Eleven resistance-trained men completed 2 randomized, double-blind trials: capsaicin condition or a placebo condition. The concurrent exercise session was composed of a 5-km intermittent run (1:1 effort and passive recovery ratio) and subsequent resistance exercise (4 × 70% of 1RM until muscle failure in the half-squat exercise). Heart rate was recorded during HIIE and after the protocol RPE (0–10 scale) was accessed. The resistance exercise performance was analyzed by the maximum number of repetitions performed for each set and the total volume (repetitions × weight lifted). During HIIE, the RPE (capsaicin = 7 ± 1 vs. placebo = 8 ± 1 points, t = −3.674, p = 0.005) and mean heart rate (capsaicin = 153 ± 13 vs. placebo = 158 ± 12 bpm, t = −2.292, p = 0.048) were significantly lower in the capsaicin compared with placebo condition. For subsequent resistance exercise, there was a significant decrease in volume across time (F = 19.889, p < 0.001, η2
= 0.69) with maximal number of repetitions performed in capsaicin than placebo condition (2,077.6 ± 465.2 kg vs. 1,838.9 ± 624.1 kg, p = 0.028, d = 0.43), but the condition vs. set was not significant (F = 0.582, p = 0.632, η2
= 0.06). Acute capsaicin supplementation induced a lower mean heart rate and RPE during HIIE and improved subsequent resistance exercise performance in resistance-trained men.
Locus Coeruleus Norepinephrine Drives Stress-Induced Increases in Basolateral Amygdala Firing and Impairs Extinction Learning
Authors: Giustino Thomas F. , Ramanathan Karthik R. , Totty Michael S. , Miles Olivia W. , Maren Stephen
Published: December 2019

Stress impairs extinction learning, and these deficits depend, in part, on stress-induced norepinephrine (NE) release in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). For example, systemic or intra-BLA administration of propranolol reduces the immediate extinction deficit (IED), an impairment in extinction learning that occurs when extinction trials are administered soon after fear conditioning. Here, we explored whether locus coeruleus (LC)-NE regulates stress-induced changes in spike firing in the BLA and consequent extinction learning impairments. Rats were implanted with recording arrays in the BLA and, after recovery from surgery, underwent a standard auditory fear conditioning procedure. Fear conditioning produced an immediate and dramatic increase in the spontaneous firing of BLA neurons that persisted (and in some units, increased further) up to an hour after conditioning. This stress-induced increase in BLA firing was prevented by systemic administration of propranolol. Conditioning with a weaker footshock caused smaller increases in BLA firing rate, but this could be augmented by chemogenetic activation of the LC. Conditioned freezing in response to a tone paired with a weak footshock was immune to the IED, but chemogenetic activation of the LC before the weak conditioning protocol increased conditioned freezing behavior and induced an IED; this effect was blocked with intra-BLA infusions of propranolol. These data suggest that stress-induced activation of the LC increases BLA spike firing and causes impairments in extinction learning. Stress-induced increases in BLA activity mediated by LC-NE may be a viable therapeutic target for individuals with stress- and trauma-related disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPatients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) show heightened amygdala activity; elevated levels of stress hormones, including norepinephrine; and are resistant to the extinction of fear memories. Here, we show that stress increases basolateral amygdala (BLA) spike firing. This could be attenuated by systemic propranolol and mimicked by chemogenetic activation of the locus coeruleus (LC), the source of forebrain norepinephrine (NE). Finally, we show that LC-NE activation is sufficient to produce extinction deficits, and this is blocked by intra-BLA propranolol. Stress-induced increases in BLA activity mediated by LC-NE may be a viable therapeutic target for individuals with PTSD and related disorders.
Determinants of Consumption Behavior Among Students
Authors: Ardyanti Novica , Kardoyo Kardoyo
Published: December 2019

This research aims to determine if there is influence of peer group, parentsâ€™ role, religiosity, and financial literacy towards consumption behavior among the students of Economics Faculty, Universitas Negeri Semarang in the academic year 2013. The population in this research was the students of Economics Faculty of Semarang State University in the Academic Year 2013. The number of the samples in this research was 250 students based on proportional random sampling technique. This research used quantitative approach. The method of data analysis used was descriptive analysis and path analysis. The result of the research based on Amos showed that the peer group influence towards consumption behavior was 34.5%, parentsâ€™ role towards consumption behavior was 12.7%, financial literacy towards consumption behavior was 12.7%, peer group towards financial literacy was 14%, parentsâ€™ role towards religiosity was 22.3%. Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that there was influence of peer group, parentsâ€™ role, religiosity, and financial literacy towards consumption behavior, whereas in peer group towards studentsâ€™ financial literacy had no influence. The suggestions were the students should minimize the conformity or interaction level with their friends who cause negative impact and the parents should keep controlling the studentsâ€™ consumption behavior naturally.
Design of Augmented Reality Book for Economic Mathematics Course
Authors: Buchori Achmad , Istiyaningsih Rumiyatun
Published: December 2019

The type of this research is a development research that aims to produce android-based learning media using AR on a economic mathematic which is feasible to use and can easily know the results of students learning ability. The method used is ADDIE method which consists of 5 stages, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. Data analysis was done by normality test, homogeneity test, t test, and learning mastery test. The results of this study concluded that (1) the results for the percentage of media expert validation amounted to 89.2%, material experts 86.1% and learning design experts 87.5% with the criteria of each very good. (2) the result of practicality test based on student response obtained percentage equal to 88,9% with very good criterion. (3) data from the field show that the learning outcomes of students who obtain android-based learning media using AR better than students using learning by lecturing method (conventional learning).
Learning Community on Computer-Based Statistics Acceptance for Accounting Students
Authors: Hafsah Hafsah , Sagala Gaffar Hafiz , Ramdhansyah Ramdhansyah
Published: December 2019

This study aims to examine the influence of the learning community on computer-based statistic acceptance. Acceptability is measured with perceived usefulness variables, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, and reuse intention. This study used quasi-experimental design. To selecting the respondents, researchers used cluster random sampling and a questionnaire to collect the data. Respondents consisted of 207 accounting students of which 86 were engaged in the learning community while 121 were not. One-way ANOVA analysis result showed that students who participated in the learning community have better computer-based statistic acceptance than the students who did not. The learning community was found to be able to facilitate the transfer of knowledge among students more freely than in the classroom. Further research can consider true-experimental design or lab experiment with more rigorous manipulation for controlling bias from another variable that may consist.
Entrepreneurship Education: Is It Important for Middle School Students?
Authors: Rina Lelahester , Murtini Wiedy , Indriayu Mintasih
Published: December 2019

The aim of this research is to know the important role of the entrepreneurship education program in the school institution. Entrepreneurial trait is needed in any fields of work regarding to the technology development today. Thus, entrepreneurial education needs to be applied in any levels of education as it has an important role for preparing skillful and creative graduates. This study focused on the interesting phenomena of the school effort in integrating entrepreneurship to other subjects and also the application of the entrepreneurship in Satya Wacana Christian Junior and Senior High Schools Salatiga. This study was done by qualitative approach through snowball sampling technique. Data were obtained through observations, interviews, and documentation of the participants who understand the information and central phenomena. Research data analyzed by the analysis of the domain from Spradley. The result of the study showed that entrepreneurship education had an important role to improve the entrepreneurial knowlegde and skills. The integrated education, either in the learning process or in the school entrepreneurship education program, increased the entrepreneurship understanding, character, and behavior. This study is significant because it gives a contribution the schools and students to understand the importance of entrepreneurship education.