bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chiroptera as a Potential Reservoir of Dangerous for Humans Viruses in the territory of the Republic of Guinea. Part 1
Authors: Porshakov A. M. , Kononova Yu. V. , Loktev V. B. , Boiro M. I.
Published: October 2018

Chiroptera is one of the largest in numbers orders of mammals which can take on the role of natural host and vector of various viruses, bacteria, and pathogenic fungi. Over the period of 2007–2013, 248 new viruses pertaining to 24 families were detected in chiropterans. Lately, a range of novel infections that provoked severe diseases in humans were associated with bats-carriers. Presently they are viewed as a potential reservoir of Ebola, Marburg, and Hendra viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome agents, as well as many other lethal diseases. Chiropterans started drawing particular attention after establishment of the fact that they are involved in circulation of ebolavirus Zaire and possibly participate in the formation of natural foci of this infection. Currently chiropterans are considered to be natural reservoirs of ebolavirus Zaire and some other filoviruses (Filoviridae). Accept from filoviruses, other significant for public healthcare viruses were isolated from chiropterans on the African continent – lyssaviruses (Rhabdoviridae, Lyssavirus), henipaviruses (Paramixoviridae, Henipavirus), and coronaviruses (Coronaviridae, Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus) that can also circulate among chiropterans in West Africa. The data available from literature sources on dissemination of chiropterans in the territory of the African continent, their species diversity, peculiarities of ecology and behavior are analyzed in this paper. The information on the infections for which chiropterans can serve as potential reservoirs is also provided. Specifics of interaction between the population residing on African continent and bats of different species are described too. The review is devoted to the assessment of results of studies on population, ecological, and epidemiological factors contributing to maintenance of circulation of a number of dangerous for humans viruses (filoviruses, lyssaviruses, henipaviruses, and coronaviruses) among African chiropterans. The need for further investigation of the mentioned factors affecting chiropteran populations in the Republic of Guinea is substantiated.
Concerning the Application of Heterologous Preparations in Practical Healthcare
Authors: Sayapina L. V. , Gavrilova N. A. , Nikityuk N. F. , Obukhov Yu. I. , Bondarev V. P.
Published: October 2018

The paper presents the data on the assessment of the demand for heterologous drugs and highlights the need for their use in practical healthcare. Currently, 15 heterologous immunoglobulins and sera are registered in the Russian Federation. Nine of them are against bacterial and viral infections (anthrax, diphtheria, tetanus, botulism, rabies, anti-gangrenous), one – against snake venom, five other – anti-thymocyte immunoglobulins produced by domestic and foreign manufacturers. Analysis of the data has demonstrated that anti-rabies immunoglobulin, anti-diphtheria and anti-botulinic sera, A, B and E type are the most in-demand. Production of other therapeutic drugs from this group, for instance, anti-gangrenous serum, tends to decline. Adequate provision of medical curative and preventive institutions with these preparations is a significant element in timely treatment of infectious diseases such as anthrax, diphtheria, tetanus, botulism, rabies, as well as snake bites. In prophylaxis and treatment of certain diseases (emergency aid in case of anthrax, rabies, venomous snake bites) heterologous preparations still oftentimes do not have an alternative. The key problem in regulation of heterologous preparation circulation is absence of quality, efficacy and safety criteria applicable to other immunobiological preparations. Development of unified requirements to standardization of heterologous sera and immunoglobulins of various specificity, principles of efficacy and safety evaluation is necessary for harmonization of current guidelines on medical use. Earlier elaborated by WHO approaches to heterologous sera to venoms of snakes can be used for monitoring and harmonization of normative legal documents on the improvement, evaluation of quality, efficacy and safety of alternative drugs being in circulation in the pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation.
Quality Assessment of the Live Plague Vaccine Prepared Using nutrient Medium on the Basis of Hydrolysate of Concentrated Corn steep
Authors: Gostishcheva S. E. , Abzaeva N. V. , Ivanova G. F. , Rostovtseva D. V. , Katunina L. S. , Zuenko A. A.
Published: October 2018

Objectiveof the study was to test the nutrient medium based on the enzymatic hydrolysate of corn extract condensed for a scaled production of live plague vaccine and to check the quality of the obtained batches against the specified parameters.Materials and methods.A dense nutrient medium based on corn extract was used to grow biomass in the process of live plague vaccine production. The quality parameters of the vaccine preparation obtained were studied by the regulated methods set forth in the regulatory documentation.Results and conclusions. The vaccine was monitored at all stages of its manufacture, including control of the finished dosage form, in strict accordance with the approved regulatory documentation. All the experimental production series complied with the specified indices. Approbation of the production cycle environment for live plague vaccine manufacturing showed efficiency of the conditions and the possibility of environment’s application in the industrial production of the preparation.
Forecasting of epizootic Activity of the Central Caucasian natural High-Mountain Plague Focus
Authors: Dubyansky V. M. , Gerasimenko E. V. , Davydova N. A. , Shkarlet G. P. , Mozloev G. A. , Belogrudov V. A. , Vlasov A. A. , Tsapko N. V. , Belyavtseva L. I. , Bammatov D. M.
Published: October 2018

Central-Caucasian natural plague focus was permanently epizootically active since its discovering in 1971 till 2007. Inter-epizootic period has been in progress since 2008. It was not possible to isolate agent strains from field material. Therefore a forecast for focus activation is a relevant task, especially against the background of registered plague cases in humans in 2014–2016. Objective of the study was to create a forecasting model for quantitative prediction of possible activation or maintenance of inter-epizootic period. Materials and methods. We used archival data of Kabardino-Balkar Plague Control Station: journals of rodents’ autopsy, annual reports on epizootiological surveillance, meteorological data from meteostation “Kislovodsk” over the period of 1989–2017, and our epidemiological data for the period 2010 to 2017. We applied Spearman nonparametric correlation analysis, regression analysis, including principal component method, quarterly analysis, and inhomogeneous sequential pattern recognition procedures for statistical processing. Results and discussion. We have designed statistical model which provides for forecasting of plague focus epizootic activity proactively, a year in advance and 99 % probability or higher. The model was tested on retrospective data over the course of 7 years. All predictions were correct. The operational forecasts from 2015 to 2017 proved right too. However there is a possibility of fast changes in the ecology system conditions of the Central-Caucasian natural plague focus because of the global warming. Thereby the forecasting model will be annually checked for informative value of the predictors and, if necessary, adjusted accordingly.
Biological and Molecular-Genetic Properties of Bacillus anthracis strains Isolated in Siberia and Far East Regions (1959–2013)
Authors: Kravets E. V. , Dugarzhapova Z. F. , Takaishvili V. E. , Ivanova T. A. , Chesnokova M. V. , Balakhonov S. V.
Published: October 2018

Objective – study of biological and molecular-genetic properties of Bacillus anthraciscultures isolated in the supervised Siberian and Far Eastern territory between 1959 and 2013. Materials and methods. 39 B. anthracisstrains isolated from different specimens in 11 Siberian and Far Eastern constituent entities during epizootic and epidemic complications in terms of anthrax and monitoring of the soil foci were studied. The strains were examined using 16 culturalmorphological and 23 biochemical tests, for virulence, plasmid content, 15 VNTR- and 13 SNP-loci. Results and conclusions. Phenotypic and considerable genotypic heterogeneity of B. anthracisstrains found in the supervised territory was demonstrated. It was determined that 87,2 % of the isolates possessed typical cultural-morphological and biochemical properties. Twenty VNTR-profiles and three canonical SNP-clusters belonging to two global genetic branches A and B were revealed by means of molecular-genetic typing. The data can serve as a genetic marker in the investigation of anthrax cases, potential bioterrorist acts and evaluation of epizootic activity of stationary hazardous as regards anthrax areas in the specified administrative territory. The database «Biological properties of Bacillus anthracisstrains isolated in Siberia and Far East» was generated on the basis of systematization and analysis of the data concerning the origin, biological, molecular-genetic properties of the isolates. The Certificate of State Registration was also received. The database structure is replenishable and can be expanded if new technologies and methods are applied.
Development of Immuno-Enzymatic Monoclonal Tests-Systems for the Detection of Glanders and Melioidosis Agents
Authors: Kytmanov A. A. , Elagin G. D. , Kuklina G. V. , Pechenkin D. V. , Fomenkov O. O. , Eremkin A. V. , Ipatov S. S. , Ziganshin E. R.
Published: October 2018

Objective of the study was the development of immune-enzymatic monoclonal test-kit for detecting glanders and melioidosis agents. Materials and methods. We used microbial cultures and hybrid cell lines obtained from the collection of the «48th Central Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Hybridoma cells were incubated in the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice. Preparations of glanders and melioidosis monoclonal antibodies were isolated from the ascetic fluids through precipitation with ammonium sulfate and purification by means of ion-exchange chromatography. Specific components of the test-kits were subjected to freeze drying in corresponding protective media. Study of diagnostic properties of the developed test systems was performed using ELISA. Results and conclusions. We have obtained preparations of monoclonal antibodies in vivo, as well as isolated and purified immunoglobulins from ascetic fluids. We also selected the pairs of monoclonal antibodies for manufacturing specific components. Experimental series of immune-enzymatic monoclonal test-systems allowing for specific detection of glanders and melioidosis causative agents in concentrations ranging from 0.5·106 CFU/ml and higher were made. The absence of cross-reactivity with closely related saprophytes and heterologous microorganisms in concentrations of 1,0·108 CFU/ml was shown. Demonstrated was the possibility in principle to differentiate between Burkholderia malleiand Burkholderia pseudomallei using ELISA. Test systems are promising for follow up state registration as medical products for in vitro diagnostics.
Effectiveness of Disinsection and Deratization in Gorno-Altai High-Mountain Natural Plague Focus
Authors: Matrosov A. N. , Shchuchinov L. V. , Ermakov N. M. , Zakharov K. S. , Korneev M. G. , Chipanin E. V. , Morozov I. M. , Svirsky D. V. , Kuzmenkov V. V. , Degtyarev D. Yu. , Denisov A. V. , Mishchenko A. I. , Shefer V. V. , Mikhailov E. P. , Arkhipov G. S. , Razdorsky A. S. , Kuznetsov A. A. , Sludsky A. A. , Popov N. V. , Shcherbakova S. A. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: October 2018

Epidemic complications in the territory of Gorno-Altai high-mountain natural plague focus, associated with increase in numbers of carriers and vectors of the dangerous diseases, entailed strengthening of preventive element in the system of epidemiological surveillance.Objectiveof the study was to assess the efficiency of disinsection and deratization during anti-epidemic campaign.Materials and methods.Investigations were performed in 2014-2017 in the territory of Kosh-Agach district of the Republic of Altai, based on the archival and operational records from Altai Plague Control Station, Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Republic of Altai, and our own data. “Interactive Map on Management of Health Promotion Measures in Gorno-Altai high-mountain natural plague focus” was used as an assessment tool.Results and conclusions.The most hard-hitting sections of preventive complex as regards plague are still disinsection and deratization. Application of advanced methods and means of control over numbers of carriers and vectors of the infection testify to their high anti-epidemic effectiveness. Insecticide and rodenticide treatments of encampments situated in epizootic areas, disinsection and deratization in major population centers in the territory of the focus allowed for the reduction in risk of population infection. Technical efficiency of the field disinsection amounted to 96.7 %, community deratization and disinsection varied from 91.6 to 100 %. Emergency insecticide and rodent treatments in epizootic areas alongside other measures provided for epidemiological welfare on plague.
Peculiarities of Primary MARTX Cytotoxin Structure in Non-Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae strains of Different serogroups
Authors: Monakhova E. V. , Arkhangel’skaya I. V. , Pisanov R. V. , Titova S. V.
Published: October 2018

Objective of the investigation was a comparative bioinformatics analysis of rtxA gene translation products  of Vibrio  cholerae strains  isolated  from  patients  and  environmental  objects. Materials and methods. 32 Vibrio cholerae strains from the Rostov-on-Don Research Anti-Plague Institute collection were used. DNA sequencing was conducted  on  the  MiSeq  platform  (Illumina),  gene  identification  and  analysis  was  carried  out  by  means  of  BioEdit 7.2.5, BLASTN 2.2.29, Blastp, Vector NTI Advance 11 software programs. Results and conclusions. The rtxA genes of the studied strains were represented by multiple alleles. AlignX-analysis of their deduced products divided 32 proteins into 3 separate clusters. The first one included proteins of O1 and nonO1/nonO139 strains similar to the prototype, the second – nonO1/nonO139 only, the third – O139. Blastp-analysis revealed that the proteins of the first cluster retained all  domains  characteristic  of  MARTX  – ACD  (actin  cross-linking),  RID  (Rho  GTFase  inactivation),  CPD  (cysteine protease) and ABH (alpha-beta hydrolase) which evidences the probability of manifestation of the typical activity. In 3 strains a new Hia domain (of putative adaptation factor) was detected. The proteins of the second cluster lacked ACD but formed an additional RID; two of which lacked ABH too, but in one, VIP2 domain (of actin modification) appeared and in another – Hia. These data are in accordance with the presumption of J. Dolores, K.J.F. Satchell (2013) on the possible converting of actinomodulator MARTX into toxins with other mechanisms of action. The proteins of O139 vibrios shared all specific domains except from ACD. For a number of altered proteins revealed by us full homologues were found in NCBI gene bank, belonging to isolates from other regions of the world. The presence of similar determinants in the genomes of strains of different origin points to non-occasional character of their conservation. It is possible that certain strains “deliberately” alter those genes or switch off the synthesis of the high-molecular toxin completely with a view to energy-saving.
Development of Enzyme-Immunoassay for Bacillus anthracis Detection
Authors: Pechenkin D. V. , Fomenkov O. O. , Eremkin A. V. , Elagin G. D. , Kuklina G. V. , Baramzina G. V. , Ipatov S. S.
Published: October 2018

Objective of the study was to develop enzyme-immunoassay test-kit for the detection of Bacillus anthracis spores. Materials and methods. Microbial cultures from the State Collection of Microorganisms at the premises of Affiliated Branch of the «48th Central Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and BALB/c mice were used in the research. Hybridization of B-lymphocytes with SP2/0-Ag14 myeloma cells was performed according to G. Kohler and C. Milstein procedure in De St. Fazekas and P. Scheidegger modification. Hybridomas were cultured in the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice. Ascitic fluids were isolated from mice, precipitated with ammonium sulfate and purified by means of ion-exchange chromatography for preparation of monoclonal antibodies. Specific activity of hybridoma’s supernatants, ascitic fluids, purified monoclonal antibodies was studied by «sandwich» ELISA. Specific components of test-kit were lyophilized in suitable cryoprotective medium. Results and conclusions.We have obtained new hybrid cell lines producing specific monoclonal antibodies against Bacillus anthracisspore antigens and ascitic fluids from which immunoglobulins were isolated. Optimum combinations of monoclonal antibodies as a sensitizer and a component of immunoperoxidase conjugates have been selected. Monoclonal antibodies 272E10G1-272F7A10 provide the highest sensitivity of ELISA for the detection of anthrax microbe spore antigens. Our enzyme-immunoassay test allows for identification of Bacillus anthracis spores in concentrations up to 5,0·105 spores per milliliter. No cross reaction with closely related saprophytes and other heterologous microorganisms in concentrations of 1,0·108 CFU per milliliter is observed.
Experimental Vaccines for Prevention of Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever and Animal Models for Studying Pathogenesis
Authors: Volkova N. V. , Kazachinskaya E. I. , Shcherbakov D. N.
Published: October 2018

Marburg fever is an acute natural-focal disease characterized by severe course, hemorrhagic syndrome, high level of contagiousness and lethality. The causative agent of the disease is the RNA-containing virus belonging to the family of filoviruses (Filoviridae). The main problem faced by doctors and scientists involved in the fight against Marburg fever is the lack of vaccines and preventive drugs against this disease. The development of effective vaccines against filovirus infection is relevant for protecting the population living in natural foci and medical personnel during epidemic outbreaks, as well as for ensuring safe research work in BSL-4 laboratories. In this regard, this review considers biomodels suitable for studying the pathogenesis of filovirus infections, preclinical studies of specific activity and harmlessness of prototype Marburg virus vaccines and variants of these vaccines.
Concerning imported cases of cholera in the city of Almaty, Kazakhstan, 2017
Authors: Sagiev Z. A. , Musagalieva R. S. , Abdirasilova A. A. , Ayazbaev T. Z. , Kul’baeva M. M. , Mоldagasimova A. B. , Zhunusova A. S. , Utepova I. B. , Begimbaeva E. Zh. , Izbanova U. A. , Omasheva G. M. , Turliev Z. S. , Imanbekova Zh. Zh. , Niyazbekov N. Sh.
Published: October 2018

In 2017, from October 15 to November 21, 5 cholera cases imported from India – 3 patients and 2 carriers of V. cholerae – were recorded in Almaty. The patients recovered from the disease. Objective of the study was to characterize the imported cases of cholera and investigate the properties of cholera vibrio strains isolated from patients and carriers of V. cholerae. Materials and methods. Revised were the medical records; blood sera, feces from patients and contact persons were assayed. Studied were sensitivity spectrum to antibacterial preparations of isolated V. cholerae strains according to the “Methodological guidelines on laboratory diagnosis of cholera”, dated September 27, 2010; No 252. Epidemiological, microbiological, immunological and molecular-genetic methods were applied for investigation. Results and conclusions. Consequently to molecular genetic studies, genes of specificity, wbeN and toxicity (epidemic significance), ctxA, tcpA were detected in samples from 3 patients and 2 contact persons. The isolated strains were identified as Vibrio cholerae O1 Eltor Inaba in two cases, and in one case – as Vibrio cholerae O1 Eltor Hykoshima, Heiberg group I, toxigenic, hemolysis negative in Greig test, virulent, highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin, doxycilin, erythromycin, tetracycline and moderately sensitive to levomycetin. It was established that the country of export in all the cases was India. Relevant anti-epidemic and preventive measures were undertaken to localize and eradicate the foci in order to prevent possible threat of epidemic spread of infections among the population.
Marker Loci in Brucella Genome for Differential PCR Indication of Pathogenic strains
Authors: Khammadov N. I. , Osyanin K. A. , Usol’tsev K. V. , Faizov T. Kh. , Khammadova A. V. , Shuralev E. A.
Published: October 2018

Objective of this work was to develop the algorithms for differential PCR indication of Brucella genus strains using databases of their genomes. Materials and methods .Resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and BLAST and Vector NTI 9.1.0 software utilities. For PCR amplification, B. suis, B. abortus, B. melitensis nucleic acids, as well as plasmid DNA with marker insertions were used. Results and conclusions. We assessed brucella gene sequences, some of which are found in Brucella genus bacteria, others only in representatives of B. melitensis, and the third ones – only in representatives of B. abortus. As a result of primers and probes designing for indication of Brucella genus bacteria and representatives of B. melitensis and B. abortus species, criteria for marker sequence amplification have been established. These criteria provide for simultaneous differentiation in a single reaction. The determination of strain differences within one species of Brucella is described in multilocus VNTR assay technique, and the profiles of tandem repeats of various B. melitensis and B. abortus strains are available in the public domain. To monitor the progress of amplification, a positive control has been developed that has the nucleotide sequence of all marker regions. The text of the paper discloses all the nucleotide sequences of primers, probes and positive control, which makes it possible to independently acquire them in competent organizations.
Assessment of epidemiological and epizootiological situation on tularemia in the Republic of tatarstan
Authors: Savitskaya T. A. , Popov V. P. , Trifonov V. A. , Milova I. V. , Isaeva G. Sh. , Reshetnikova I. D.
Published: October 2018

Objectiveof the study was to assess epidemiological and epizootiological activity of natural tularemia foci in the Republic of Tatarstan for further forecasting of the developments and working out the tactics for implementation of preventive and anti-epidemic measures.Materials and methods. We utilized statistical data, reports of the Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan, and literature sources for the analysis.Results and conclusions. Since 1995, the incidence among the population in Tatarstan has not been registered. Natural tularemia foci are situated in 19 enzootic as regards the infection administrative districts in the territory of the Republic. Epizootiological monitoring of the natural foci suggests that over the last four years their activation occurred. In this contest realization of complex anti-epidemic  measures,  regulated  by  the  current  normative-methodological  documents  remains  relevant,  as  well  as timely and effective diagnostics, including among the patients with a similar to tularemia symptoms.
Kepraktisan Penggunaan Multimedia Interaktif Pada Pembelajaran Tematik Kelas IV SD
Authors: Kumalasani Maharani Putri
Published: October 2018

Multimedia interaktif salah satu media pembelajaran yang telah banyak diterapkan di sekolah dasar, hal ini membuktikan bahwa perkembangan teknologi pendidikan sudah merambah pada tingkat sekolah. Multimedia Interaktif merupakan media alternatif yang dapat membantu siswa belajar dengan aktif. Hal ini membuat peneliti tertarik untuk melihat lebih dalam bagaimana tingkat kepraktisan multimedia interaktif digunakan di sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat tingkat kepraktisan penggunaan multimedia interaktif pada pembelajaran tematik kelas IV SD. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa pedoman wawancara dengan guru dan angket kepraktisan yang diberikan guru, observer, dan siswa. Hasil analisis dari angket oleh guru diperoleh persentase 90,6%, dimana persentase tersebut termasuk dalam kriteria “Sangat Praktis”. Berdasarkan hasil analisis angket dari observer menunjukkan 90% dengan kriteria “Sangat Praktis”. Sedangkan hasil angket siswa menunjukkan 94,2% dengan kriteria “Sangat Praktis”. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kepraktisan penggunaan multimedia interaktif dalam pembelajaran tematik kelas IV termasuk dalam kriteria sangat praktis untuk digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran. Multimedia interaktif sebagai salah satu alternatif media pembelajaran untuk menjadikan pembelajaran lebih berkualitas.

Interactive multimedia one of the learning media that has been widely applied in elementary school, it is proved that the development of educational technology has penetrated at the school level. Interactive Multimedia is an alternative medium that can help students learn actively. This makes the researcher interested to see more deeply how the level of practicality of interactive multimedia is used in elementary schools. This study aims to see the practicality level of the use of interactive multimedia in the fourth grade thematic learning elementary school. The instruments used are teacher interviews and practicality questionnaires given by teachers, observers, and students. The results of the analysis from the questionnaire by teachers obtained percentage of 90.6%, where the percentage is included in criteria Very Practical. Based on the results, the questionnaire of analysis from observer showed 90% with criteria Very Practical. While, the student questionnaire results is show 94.2% with criteria Very Practical. It can be concluded that the practicality of using interactive multimedia in the fourth-grade thematic learning is included in criteria very practical for use in the learning process. Interactive multimedia as one of the alternative media learning to make learning more quality.
Pengaruh Model Learning Cycle Terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran IPA Kelas III SD Negeri Harja Mekar 03 Kec. Cikarang Utara
Authors: Anisa Ririn Nurcholidah
Published: October 2018

Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan model learning cycle terhadap keterampilan proses sains siswa kelas III SD Negeri Harja Mekar 03 Kec. Cikarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan metode penelitian quasi experiment dan desain penelitian nonequivalent control group design. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik sampling purposive. Populasi yang digunakan adalah 44 siswa dengan jumlah sampel kelas eksperimen 23 siswa dan kelas kontrol 21 siswa. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah uji-t dengan taraf signifikan 0,05.

Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata posttest kelas eksperimen sebesar 82,17 lebih tinggi dibandingkan nilai rata-rata posttest kelas kontrol sebesar 79,38. Hasil dari pengujian hipotesis dengan menggunakan uji-t yang diperoleh thitung > ttabel yaitu 17,51 > 1,68023artinya Ho ditolak dan H1 diterima. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini adalah model learning cycle memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keterampilan proses sains siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA kelas III.

This research is intended to know the influence of the use of learning cycle model to science process skill of third grade students of SD Negeri Harja Mekar 03 Kec. Cikarang. This research uses quantitative approach, with quasi experiment research method and research design nonequivalent control group design. The sampling technique used purposive sampling technique. The population used was 44 students with the total sample class of 23 students and control class of 21 students. The analysis technique used is t-test with significant level of 0.05. The result of the research shows that the mean value of posttest of experimental class is 82,17 higher than the mean of posttest of control class is 79,38. The result of hypothesis testing by using t-test obtained thitung> ttable that is 17,51> 1,68023artinya Ho rejected and H1 accepted. The conclusions obtained in this study is the learning cycle model has a significant influence on the science process skills of students on science subjects class III.
Meningkatkan Aktifitas Belajar Matematika Materi Pecahan Dengan Menggunakan Model Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw Pada Siswa Kelas IV SDN NO. 101/II Muara Bungo Kec. Pasar Muara Bungo Kab. Bungo
Authors: Yusmaherni Yusmaherni
Published: October 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran pecahan dengan menggunakan model Jigsaw di Kelas IV di SDN No. 101/II Muara Bungo Kecamatan Pasar Muara Bungo Kabupaten Bungo. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV SDN No. 101/II Muara Bungo Kecamatan Pasar Muara Bungo. Prosedur penelitian tindakan dilakukan dengan memberikan pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw, yang terdiri dari beberapa langkah dengan perencanaan sebagai berikut: Perencanaan, Pelaksanaan, Observasi/ Evaluasi, Analisis dan Refleksi. Setelah melakukan penelitian tindakan kelas yang menggunakan pola tiga siklus, maka penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran Kooperatif type Jigsaw dalam penelitian ini dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi pecahan yang efektif diterapkan. Hal ini terlihat dari rata-rata persentase keaktifan belajar siswa seluruh indikator yang semakin meningkat dari keaktifan belajar siswa siklus I rata-rata persentase skor aktivitas untuk seluruh siswa mencapai 64,81%, siklus II meningkat menjadi 73,70%, dan siklus III meningkat menjadi 83,70%. Hasil belajar siswa meningkat siklus I terdapat 12 orang siswa yang tuntas belajar (37,50%), siklus II terjadi peningkatan siswa yang tuntas belajar yaitu 23 orang (71,78%), dan siklus III ketuntasan belajar meningkat secara signifikan yaitu 29 orang (90,62%) tuntas belajar.

The purpose of this research is to improve students' activity and learning outcomes in fractional learning by using Jigsaw model in Class IV di SDN No. 101/II Muara Bungo Kecamatan Pasar Muara Bungo Kabupaten Bungo. Subjects in this study were class students IV SDN No. 101/II Muara Bungo Kecamatan Pasar Muara Bungo. The action research procedure is done by providing learning with Jigsaw type cooperative learning model, which consists of several steps with the planning as follows: Planning, Implementation, Observation / Evaluation, Analysis and Reflection. After conducting classroom action research using three cycle pattern, this research can be concluded that the use of cooperative learning model type Jigsaw in this research can improve students' activity and learning achievement on fractional material that is effectively applied. This is seen from the average percentage of students' learning activeness of all the increasing indicators of student learning activity cycle I average percentage of activity score for all students reached 64.81%, cycle II increased to 73.70%, and cycle III increased to 83.70%. The result of student learning increased cycle I there are 12 students who complete the study (37,50%), cycle II happened improvement of complete student study that is 23 people (71,78%), and cycle III mastery learning increased significantly that is 29 person 90,62%) complete study.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan dalam Mengoperasionalkan Penjumlahan dan Pengurangan Menggunakan Metode Demontrasi Siswa Kelas II SDN No. 101/II Muara Bungo Kec. Pasar Muara Bungo Kabupaten Bungo
Authors: Rosmiati Rosmiati
Published: October 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah penggunaan metode demonstrasi dapat meningkatkan kemampuan mengoperasionalkan penjumlahan dan pengurangan pada siswa kelas II SDN No. 101/II Muara Bungo Kecamatan Pasar Muara Bungo Kabupaten Bungo. Penelitian tindakan kelas dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus dan setiap siklus melalui empat tahap yaitu merencanakan, melakukan tindakan, mengamati dan melakukan refleksi. Pada siklus I rata-rata hasil kemampuan siswa dalam mengoperasionalkan penjumlahan dan pengurangan menggunakan metode demonstrasi tergolong kurang dengan nilai rata-rata hasil tes 47,67 dan persentase nilai sebesar 48%. Pada siklus II, nilai rata-rata hasil tes sebesar 7,5 dan persentase nilai sebesar 75%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka pembelajaran operasi penjumlahan dan pengurangan menggunakan metode demonstrasi dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the use of demonstration methods can improve the ability to operationalize the addition and subtraction of classroom students II SDN No. 101/II Muara Bungo Kecamatan Pasar Muara Bungo Kabupaten Bungo. Classroom action research is carried out in two cycles and each cycle through four stages of planning, action, observation and reflection. In the first cycle, the result of the students' ability in operationalizing the sum and subtraction using the demonstration method is less than the average score of 47.67 test result and the percentage value of 48%. In cycle II, the average score of the test result is 7.5 and the percentage value is 75%. Based on the results of the research, the learning of addition and reduction operations using demonstration methods can improve students' ability.
Pengaruh Metode Pembelajaran Type Talking Stick Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA pada Siswa Kelas 4 Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Faradita Meirza Nanda
Published: October 2018

Banyak siswa yang merasa takut dan malu untuk menjawab pertanyaan yang diberikan oleh pendidik pada mata pelajaran IPA dan siswa juga jarang atau hampir tidak pernah berusaha untuk mengungkapkan pendapat mereka. Hal ini terjadi karena metode pembelajaran yang digunakan biasanya adalah metode ceramah dan terkadang hal tersebut kurang sesuai dengan materi yang diajarkan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode pembelajaran cooperative learning type talking stick terhadap hasil belajar IPA pada siswa kelas IV. Rancangan penelitian ini jenis eksperimen dengan type one group pretest – posttest design. populasi adalah seluruh siswa kelas IV sebanyak 30 siswa yang terdiri dari 15 orang siswa laki-laki dan 15 orang siswa perempuan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Sekolah dasar Taman Sidoarjo. Sampel pada penelitian ini diambil dengan teknik sampling jenuh sebanyak 30 responden. data dikumpulkan dengan instrument kuesioner dan dianalisa dengan uji one sampel t test. Hasil uji one sampel T test menunjukkan bahwa nilai ρ = 0,00 dari hasil pre dan post test berarti nilai ρ < α, dengan α = 0,05 maka hal ini menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar siswa dalam mengerjakan soal IPA sebelum dan setelah dilakukan metode talking stick. Berdasarkan nilai rata-rata kelompok menunjukkan data nilai rata-rata pada saat pre test sebesar 56,8, dan nilai rata-rata kelompok post test sebesar 71. Model pembelajaran cooperative dikembangkan untuk mencapai hasil belajar berupa prestasi akademik, toleransi, menerima keragaman, dan pengembangan keterampilan sosial. Lebih lanjut tujuan pokok pembelajaran kooperatif adalah untuk dapat memaksimalkan belajar siswa agar peningkatan prestasi akademik dan pemahaman tercapai dengan, baik secara individu maupun secara kelompok.

Many students are afraid and embarrassed to answer questions provided by educators on science subjects and students also rarely or hardly ever attempt to express their opinions. This happens because the learning method used is usually a lecture method and sometimes it is less in accordance with the material being taught. The purpose of research to determine the influence of cooperative learning method type talking stick to the results of science learning in grade IV students. The design of this study type experiment with type one group pretest - posttest design. the population is all students of class IV of 30 students consisting of 15 male students and 15 female students. This research was conducted at Taman Sidoarjo elementary school. The sample in this research is taken with saturated sampling technique as many as 30 respondents. data were collected by questionnaire instrument and analyzed by one sample t test. The test result of one sample T test shows that the value of ρ = 0.00 of the pre and post test mean value ρ
Pengembangan Komik Pembelajaran pada Materi Bumi dan Alam Semesta untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar Kelas VI di SDN Utama 2 Tarakan dan SDN 17 Tarakan
Authors: Noer Roby Zulkarnain , Abrori Fadhlan Muchlas
Published: October 2018

Pemanfaatan media pembelajaran di dalam kelas selama proses pembelajaran pada kebanyakan sekolah di Indonesia umumnya kurang inovatif dan cenderung monoton. Monotonnya pengunaan media dalam proses pembelajaran menyebabkan siswa tidak mampu mengikuti pelajaran dengan maksimal sehingga pembelajaran menjadi tidak efektif dan efisien. Salah satu media pembelajaran yang efektif digunakan dalam kelas untuk membangkitkan motivasi dan minat siswa adalah media grafis terutama media komik pembelajaran. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas komik pembelajaran yang dikembangkan. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian pengembangan (research and development). Model pengambangan dalam penelitian dan pengembangan ini menggunakan modifikasi pengembangan perangkat Four-D Model. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan di atas maka dapat disimpulkan: Kualitas komik pembelajaran ditinjau dari penilaian validasi dari ahli materi didapatkan hasil komik pembelajaran memiliki kriteria valid dengan presentase 90,3%. Penilaian validasi dari ahli media didapatkan hasil validasi komik pembelajaran memiliki kriteria valid dengan presentase 87,8%. Penilaian validasi ahli bahasa pada komik pembelajaran memiliki kriteria valid dengan presentase 96 %. Hasil uji coba lapang berdasarkan penilaian guru dan dan siswa didapatkan presentase pada guru sebesar 86% dan pada siswa sebesar 86.5% (valid).

Generally, using of instructional media in the classroom during learning process in most schools in Indonesia is less innovative and monotonous. That problems it caused students can not followed the lesson maximally, therefore learning process becomes uneffective and unefficient. One of the effective learning media can be use in the class to increase motivation and interest of students is the graphic/visual media, for example is a comic. The purpose of this research is to find out of comic quality. This research approach is research development (R&D). The developing model in this research and development uses modification of Four-D Model. Based on the above result and discussion it can be concluded: The quality of learning comic review from the validation of the material experts obtained the result of the learning comic having valid criteria with 90.3%. Assessment validation from media expert got result of validation of comic learning have valid criterion with percentage 87,8%. Assessment of validation of linguists on learning comics has valid criteria with 96% percentage. The results of field trials based on the assessment of teachers and students obtained a percentage of teachers at 87.2% and at students of 86.5% (valid).
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Make A Match Berbantuan Kartu Bergambar Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Aliputri Dhestha Hazilla
Published: October 2018

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan pembelajaran menggunakan model Make A Match dengan media kartu bergambar. Subjek penelitian ini adalah kelas IV SD N Wulung 1 Kabupaten Blora. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua siklus masing-masing yang terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi dokumen pada kondisi awal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media kartu gambar dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS tentang kegiatan ekonomi bagi siswa kelas IV SD N Wulung 1 Blora. Dalam kondisi awal hanya mencapai 51%, maka pada siklus pertama meningkat menjadi 90% dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 94%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, disarankan bagi guru sosial untuk mencoba menggunakan model Make A Match dengan media kartu gambar di kelas IV sampai meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.

The aim of this study is to describe learning using models Make A Match with pictures card media. Subject of this study is class of IV SD N Wulung 1 Blora. This study uses two each cycle consisting of planning, implementation, observation and reflection. Data collection techniques using studies documens. The results show that the use of pictures cards media can improve social learning outcomes about economy activities for students of class IV SD N Wulung 1 Blora. In the initial classical learning reaches only 51%, then on the first cycle increased to 90% Based on the results of this study,and on two cycle increased from 90% to 94% it is advisable for social teachers to try to use models Make A Match with pictures cards media in class of IV to improve student learning outcomes
Perbedaan Hasil Belajar IPS Antara Model Pembelajaran Konvensional Berbantuan Media Gambar dengan Model Pembelajaran Talking Stick Berbantuan Media Power Point di Kelas III SDN Turirejo 02 Lawang Malang Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016
Authors: Yulianti Linda , Wahyuningtyas Dyah Tri
Published: October 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar ips antara model pembelajaran konvensional berbantuan media gambar dengan model pembelajaran talking stick berbantuan media power point di Kelas III SDN Turirejo 02 Lawang Malang Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016. Jenis penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode comparasi eksperimen. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas III SDN Turirejo 02 Lawang Malang Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016 sebanyak 62 siswa dengan rincian kelas IIIA sebanyak 31 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas IIIB sebanyak 31 siswa sebagai kelas kontrol. Teknik pengambilan data melalui dokumentasi berupa nilai pretest dan posttest. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai t sebesar -5.509 untuk kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen memiliki signifikan sebesari 0.000 yang berarti lebih kecil dari signifikan 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan antara model pembelajaran konvensional berbantuan media gambar dengan model pembelajaran talking stick berbantuan media power point terhadap hasil belajar.

This study aims to determine differences in learning outcomes of ips between conventional learning model assisted media images with the learning model of talking stick assisted media power point in Class III SDN Turirejo 02 Lawang Malang School Year 2015/2016. This research uses quantitative approach with experimental comparation method. The sample in this study is the students of Class III SDN Turirejo 02 Lawang Malang School Year 2015/2016 as many as 62 students with class IIIA details as many as 31 students as experimental class and class IIIB as many 31 students as control class. Technique of taking data through documentation in the form of pretest and posttest value. The results showed that the t value of -5.509 for the control group and the experimental group had significant sebesari 0.000 which means smaller than significant 0.05. Based on the results of the above research can be concluded that there is a difference between conventional learning model assisted image media with the learning model of talk stick powered media point aid to learning outcomes.
Pengaruh Model Talking Stick terhadap Hasil Belajar IPS Siswa SD
Authors: Fajrin Oktaviastuti Awalia
Published: October 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar IPS siswa Sekolah Dasar. Model Talking Stick dapat melatih peserta didik untuk berpikir kritis, mengajarkan peserta didik untuk memahami materi pelajaran dengan cepat, melatih siswa agar giat belajar, melatih siswa untuk bertanya dan mengungkapkan pendapat. Selain itu dengan menggunakan model Talking Stick pembelajaran menjadi lebih menyenangkan, sehingga hasil belajar peserta didik terutama pada mata pelajaran IPS menjadi optimal atau meningkat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi dokumen atas hasil penelitian sebelumnya atau disebut dengan metaanalisis. Penelususran data dilakukan melalui Google Cendekia dan diperoleh 10 jurnal terpublikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Talking Stick efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik khususnya pada siswa Sekolah Dasar. Hasil belajar pada mata pelajaran IPS dengan menggunakan model Talking Stick mengalami peningkatan jika dibandingkan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional. Jika dengan model Talking Stick masih kurang meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik, maka solusi yang lain adalah guru dapat menyesuaikan model pembelajaran yang ada dengan kondisi dan kebutuhan peserta didik.

This study aims to determine the increase in learning outcomes of primary school students. The Talking Stick model can train learners to think critically, teach students to understand the subject matter quickly, train students to study hard, train students to ask questions and express opinions. In addition, by using the Talking Stick model of learning becomes more fun, so the learning outcomes of learners, especially on IPS subjects to be optimal or increased. Is the Talking Stick model effective for improving learners' learning outcomes on social studies subjects? This research used document study method of previous research result or called metaanalysis. Data search is done through Google Scholar and obtained 10 published journals. The results showed that by using Talking Stick learning model is effective to improve learning outcomes of students especially in elementary school students. The learning outcomes in IPS subjects using the Talking Stick model have improved when compared with conventional learning models. If the Talking Stick model is still less improve the learners' learning outcomes, then the other solution is the teacher can adjust the existing learning model to the conditions and needs of learners.
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menulis Puisi Dengan Menggunakan Media Gambar Siswa Kelas VI SD Negeri No. 101/II Muara Bungo Kecamatan Pasar Muara Bungo Kabupaten Bungo
Authors: Sarniwati Sarniwati
Published: October 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana keberhasilan menggunakan media pembelajaran gambar dengan memperhatikan ada atau tidaknya peningkatan kemampuan menulis puisi siswa kelas VI SD Negeri No. 101/II Muara Bungo. Metode penelitian yang dipergunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) merupakan salah satu pendekatan dalam penelitian yang berbasis kelas atau sekolah untuk melakukan pemecahan berbagai permasalahan yang digunakan dalam rangka peningkatan kualitas pendidikan. Hasil penelitan, diperoleh hasil bahwa pertama, pada dasarnya para peserta didik kelas VI mampu untuk membuat suatu puisi sederhana, hanya saja diperlukan media yang dapat merangsang imajinasi mereka. Kedua, media gambar ternyata dapat digunakan untuk merangsang imajinasi para peserta didik kelas VI, sehingga pada akhirnya mereka dapat membuat satu bait puisi.

The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which the success of using image learning media with regard to whether or not the increase in the ability to write class poetry students VI SD Negeri No. 101/II Muara Bungo. The research method used is Classroom Action Research. Classroom Action Research (PTK) is one approach in classroom or school-based research to solve various problems used in the context of improving the quality of education. The results of research, obtained the results that first, basically the students of class VI able to make a simple poem, it's just necessary media that can stimulate their imagination. Secondly, the media images can be used to stimulate the imagin