bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A ONE-TIME BONUS PAYMENTS IN THE SYSTEM OF MOTIVATION OF PERSONNEL OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Strebkov S.G.
Published: June 2021

Staff motivation is of high importance for improving the efficiency of higher education institutions. At the present stage, institutions use extensive, documented systems of staff motivation, which tend to become more complex and develop. In the event of circumstances that are not provided for by motivation systems, it is possible to pay one-time bonuses, which allows not only to effectively solve economic issues, but also to serve as an incentive to develop and improve the existing system of personnel motivation. When making a decision on the payment of a one-time bonus, there is a need for a reasonable determination of its monetary value. At the moment, numerous scientific works on the study of motivation insufficiently consider the principles of formation and determination of the size of monetary motivation in principle. The author proposes a method for determining the economically justified monetary range, which can be used to achieve employee motivation of consent. Additionally, approaches to calculating the monetary value of a one-time premium are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed methods for determining the economically justified monetary range, the amount of labor costs, and calculating the average hourly income are evaluated. Examples of using the proposed methods are given. The results of the study may be of academic interest for researchers-economists and practical interest for the work of financial and economic services not only of higher educational institutions, but also of other organizations.
Pengaruh Faktor Pengetahuan dan Aksesibilitas Dalam Pemanfaatan Kelambu Insektisida
Authors: Isir Mariana , Mustamu Alva Cherry , Egam Adriana
Published: June 2021

Pendahuluan; Penyakit malaria cukup banyak penderitanya dan masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat karena angka morbiditas dan mortalitasnya yang masih tinggi. Penyakit infeksi ini, dapat menyebabkan kematian terutama pada kelompok resiko tinggi yaitu bayi, anak balita dan ibu hamil. Salah satu kelompok yang rentan terhadap malaria adalah ibu hamil. Tujuan; Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan, aksesibilitas dan pemanfaatan kelambu insektisida selama kehamilan. Metode; Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Deskriptif Analitik. Dengan pendekatan Cross sectional dengan jumlah smpel 78 ibu hamil dengan cara akidental sampling. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji frekuensi. Hasil; bahwa 57,69% responden mengetahui tentang kelambu insektisida dari media masa seperti internet, surat kabar, social media. sebanyak 65,38% responden memiliki setidaknya 1 kelambu insektisida di rumah mereka yang didapatkan dari puskesmas (55,13%). sebanyak 34,62% responden menyebutkan bahwa kelambu insektisida diberikan pada mereka pada saat telah trimester ke-3 usia kehamilan. Namun sebanyak 35,9% responden belum mengunakannya dengan benar. Responden berharap bahwa kelambu insektisida harus diberikan secara gratis (43,59%). Kesimpulan; Semua wanita hamil telah mengetahui tentang kelambu insektisida namun penggunaannya belum benar. Seluruh responden siap menggunakan kelambu insektisida jika informasi yang memadai disediakan dan kelambu tersedia dengan harga terjangkau atau disediakan secara gratis
Wormhole Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks (Wsn) & Internet of Things (IoT): A Review
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), India., K Parvathy.
Published: June 2021

In the current world people are using the sensing networks called IoT and WSN as the subset of IoT in various applications. The employment of these sensor networks is rapidly increasing. Due to the longer usage of these sensor networks security issues are eventually happening and has the possibility of developing the attacks in the network. In this review, focuses on wormhole attacks in wireless sensor network (WSN) and Internet of Things (IoT) creating a tunnels i.e., wormhole link in between source and the destination node in the network. The classification of wormhole attack in both WSN and IoT are presented based on the mode of attacker. The detection mechanisms of wormhole attack are specified in both WSN and IoT. It hypothesizes the detection strength is more in IoT than the WSN based on the analysis, the parameters of the detection algorithm that the WSN is about 20% while in IoT is 70%.
Securing Logs of Functional Testing Infrastructure by Masking Technique
Authors: Khasge* Akshata , G S Nagaraja
Published: June 2021

As organizations become increasingly reliant on
technology and data, data protection is now a mission critical
priority. Ensuring that data is secure and uncorrupted is essential
for avoiding downtime, ensuring productivity, and improving
performance. Data protection is keeping the data i.e. confidential
data secure from being corrupted or being compromised. Securing
the data from logs also is essential when talking about data
protection. The testing infrastructure which outputs logs may
contain IP address as sensitive data, and this may be misused by
other employs of the organization. So, by masking it or removing it
from logs will make testing infrastructure more secure and testing
can be done without interference of other.
Mobile Cloud Computing Provides Service Availability using A Context Aware Architecture
Authors: L* Anusha , G S Nagaraja
Published: June 2021

Mobile systems are becoming increasingly important,
and new promising paradigms such as Mobile Cloud Computing.
Mobile Cloud Computing is an application that allows data to be
stored and processed outside of the mobile node. There is a lot of
interest in using the resources that can be accessed by
transparently using distributed resource pooling offered by nearby
mobile nodes. This type of device is used in emergency, education,
and tourism. Systems basically use dynamic network topologies in
which network partitions and disconnection occurs frequently, so
the availability of the services has been compromised. In this
paper proposes the context aware architecture to provide
availability of the services deployed in mobile and dynamic
network environments which provides better response time, the
services need not be migrated at real time, so the bandwidth and
energy used has been more efficient.
Converting Traditional Water Supply Network Into 24x7, using Water GEMS to Optimize Design
Authors: Pawar Mukund M. , Sonaje Nitin P.
Published: June 2021

Water is all-natural driving force. Entire world
struggles to preserve it. Given that India is among the top 12
water poor countries, water wastage is a critical issue for us.
India's population is increasing day by day and thus the demand
for water is continuously increasing. This growing demand can
be met through an efficient water distribution network which can
be designed using modern hydraulic software such as Water
GEMS. Using the Water GEMS software Pandharpur city is
selected to convert existing water supply system into 24 * 7
continuous water supply systems. The largest investment is the
pipes used in the water distribution system. The design, modeling
and optimization of pipes in water supply system from an
economic point of view are very important. Therefore optimal
pipe network design for converting existing network into 24x7
water supply system networks is carried out in this paper to
reduce the cost using WaterGEM software. Study of the existing
water supply network system for one zone (Ambika Nagar Zone10) is initially carried out from the Pandharpur area. The effect
on demand, head loss gradient, and pressure development of the
forecasted population is studied. In addition, cost optimization of
the pipe network for the proposed 24x7 water supply system is
carried out using a genetic algorithms Darwin optimization
approach.
CASE SERIES OF INVASIVE MOLE - A LEARNING EXPERIENCE.
Authors: David Japhia , Joshi Vrunda , Devarajan Jebin Aaron
Published: June 2021

This case series is intended to study the earliest possible modes of diagnosis of invasive mole and its management. In this case series, three scenarios where invasive mole presenting as hypervascular retained products of conception, as acute abdomen due to a perforating lesion and as secondary postpartum hemorrhage following a full term normal vaginal delivery are described. Inferred from the case scenarios, ultrasound with color Doppler can be used as a rst investigation to reduce the time to diagnose interval. Management includes medical treatment with intravenous methotrexate and surgical treatment with a fertility-preserving resection or hysterectomy. Strict ß-HCG follow up is required to prevent missing the diagnosis of malignant transformation of mole.
Putusnya Perkawinan “Perceraian” Terhadap Seseorang disebabkan Tidak Saling Menghormati dan Menghargai Antar Pasangan Suami Isteri
Authors: Irnanda Lucky Ajisaputri
Published: June 2021

Abstrak: Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk menggambarkan penyebab dari putusnya perkawinan sebagai contoh putusnya perkawinan yang disebabkan karena tidak saling menghormati dan menghargai antar pasangan suami isteri, sebagaimana yang diatur di dalam UU No.1 Tahun 1974 tentang perkawinan. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini yaitu dengan menggunakan metode penelitian normatif yaitu dilakukan dengan meneliti bahan bahan pustaka atau data sekunder belaka. Penelitian hukum normatif biasa disebut juga dengan penelitian hukum perpustakaan. Perkawinan adalah salah satu peristiwa hukum dan diatur dalam hukum perkawinan yang merupakan bagian dari hukum perdata serta mengatur seorang laki-laki dan wanita dengan maksud hidup bersama untuk waktu yang lama menurut peraturan-peraturan hukum yang ditetapkan dalam undang-undang. Perselisihan kerap terjadi di dalam rumah tangga sehingga menimbulkan suatu perceraian atau putusnya ikatan perkawinan, putusnya ikatan perkawinan karena kehendak suami atau istri atau keduanya karena ketidakrukunan yang bersumber dari tidak dilaksanakannya hak-hak dan kewajiban-kewajiban sebagai suami atau istri sebagaimana seharusnya menurut hukum perkawinan yang berlaku. Putusnya ikatan perkawinan dapat disebabkan diantara nya yaitu salah satu pihak berbuat zina atau menjadi pemabuk, pemadat, penjudi, dan lain sebagainya yang sukar disembuhkan, salah satu pihak meninggalkan pihak lain selama 2 tahun berturut-turut tanpa izin pihak lain dan tanpa alasan yang sah atau karena hal lain di luar kemampuannya, salah satu pihak mendapat hukuman penjara 5 tahun atau hukuman yang lebih berat setelah perkawinan berlangsung, salah satu pihak melakukan kekejaman atau penganiayaan berat yang membahayakan pihak lain, salah satu pihak mendapat cacat badan atau penyakit dengan akibat tidak dapat menjalankan kewajibannya sebagai suami atau istri, antara suami dan istri terus menerus terjadi perselisihan dan pertengkaran dan tidak ada harapan akan hidup rukun lagi dalam rumah tangga, dan masih banyak contoh lain nya yang dapat menyebabkan putusnya ikatan perkawinan. Berdasarkan Pasal 114 KHI menjelaskan bahwa putusnya perkawinan karena perceraian dapat terjadi karena talak, yang dimohonkan oleh suami, atau gugatan perceraian, yang diajukan oleh istri. Ketidakharmonisan keluarga adalah keadaan suatu keluarga yang didalamnya sudah tidak ada lagi ketenangan lahir maupun batin, karena berkurangnya atau tiadanya kerelaan dan keselarasan untuk hidup bersama dalam kesatuan keluarga. Ketidakharmonisan keluarga harus diselesaikan supaya keluarga tetap bahagia, sejahtera, dan mendapatkan ketenangan batin. Apabila keluarga sudah tidak harmonis lagi, maka sangat rawan akan terjadi perceraian. Indonesia sebagai negara hukum dan telah mengatur aturan perceraian dalam UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 dan di dalam KHI (Kompilasi Hukum Islam). Yang seharusnya setiap pasangan yang ingin bercerai mengacu pada aturan yang ada tersebut.
APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN MONITORING AGRICULTURAL LAND IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Nafisa Abdurazakova
Published: June 2021

The presented article analyzes the topical issue of using geographic information systems in monitoring agricultural land in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Research methodology - analysis of scientific literature on a given problem, as well as practical domestic experience. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the demonstration of modern and relevant data on the land monitoring system within the framework of the agricultural industry on a specific example of a country - the Republic of Uzbekistan. As the main conclusions and results of the article, we can highlight the fact that Most of the economy of Uzbekistan is based on the development of the agricultural sector. In the field of agricultural production, high technologies are actively used here, namely, geographic information systems, which allow real-time collection of data on the area and other characteristics of agricultural land. So, systems based on GIS technologies have been used in the field of agricultural production since 2005. They collect and automatically process information on the turnover of agricultural land. As world practice shows, there are broad prospects for expanding the functionality of such systems. Thus, an integrated monitoring system allows you to plan the harvest and predict the amount of necessary fertilizers to be applied to the soil, analyze the effectiveness of agricultural work, etc. The integrated monitoring system is based on a map linking information about the location, area and boundaries of agricultural land. The results of the article are of theoretical and practical importance for modern science and can be recommended as citation in scientific papers.
KEY WORDS: information systems, agricultural land, commercial exploitation, monitoring, Republic of Uzbekistan.
Examining the functionality of peripheral vision
Authors: Vater Christian , Kredel Ralf , Hossner Ernst-Joachim
Published: June 2021

In sports, it is important not only to locate gaze on the right location to utilize the high acuity of foveal vision, but also to attend to other objects in the environment without looking directly at them, accordingly, using peripheral vision. Peripheral vision becomes especially important if, for example, the processing of information from more than one location (e.g. players) is decisive in making accurate decisions. Since such decisions generally must be made under high spatio-temporal demands, costly eye-movements might be advantageously avoided by using peripheral vision for information pick-up from multiple cues. In a series of studies, we aimed to translate the demands found in sports and to investigate the functionality of peripheral vision in a well-controlled experimental paradigm, the multiple object tracking (MOT) task. MOT was implemented in a dual task, along with an additional event-detection task. The present article first presents an overview of sport-specific studies focusing on the functionality of peripheral vision and following, summarizes a series of three published MOT studies. These studies show that peripheral vision is used for simultaneous target monitoring and target-change detection and that visual and attentional demands affect gaze anchoring and change-detection rates. Results also reveal a dysfunctionality of saccades, and further suggest an event- and distance-optimized gaze-anchoring position. In the final portion of this article, we derive specific applications for future sports-specific research. Specifically, we suggest to: (a) use dual-task situations in sport-specific settings, such as monitoring multiple players in soccer and playing a pass at specific moments, (b) investigate the costs of saccades in sports situations with high spatio-temporal demands, as in martial arts, and finally, (c) manipulate attentional and visual demands. For each of these avenues of research, we sketch sports-specific experiments currently being conducted in our research group.
Predicción de la probabilidad de inserción ocupacional de los desocupados en Argentina (2003-2019)
Authors: Staudt Agustín , Heredia Juan Luis
Published: June 2021

Pese a su creciente participación en el mercado laboral, las mujeres que deciden salir a buscar un puesto de trabajo enfrentan mayores dificultades para alcanzarlo. La participación de las mujeres en la fuerza laboral es considerablemente menor, inclusive, de ingresar al mercado laboral la posibilidad de encontrar efectivamente un trabajo es también menor a la chance que tienen los varones de hacerlo (CIPPEC, 2019). Poder predecir la probabilidad de inserción ocupacional de varones y mujeres, e indagar sobre los factores que influyen sobre dicha probabilidad, resulta fundamental en pos de entender las brechas de género en el mercado laboral, contribuyendo a mejorar el diseño e implementación de políticas públicas con perspectiva de género, y en última instancia lograr una mayor igualdad de oportunidades. En este marco, el presente trabajo buscará predecir la probabilidad de transición del desempleo al empleo de desocupados en ¡ Argentina para los años 2003 a 2019, utilizando la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares, a partir de técnicas tradicionales de predicción y de Machine Learning, con el objetivo de encontrar el modelo más robusto que logre el menor error de predicción.
Liquidity and accounts receivable ratios : comparative analysis of companies in the dairy sector trading in the bolsa de valores de Lima
Authors: Vásquez Villanueva Carlos Alberto , Terry Ponte Otto Franklin , Huaman Tito Marylin Jhosmit , Cerna Carrazco Carlo Stefano
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study was to analyze accounts receivable and liquidity in dairy sector companies listed on the BVL; The methodology used was descriptive - comparative, of a non-experimental design with a cross section. The technique that was used was the documentary analysis and the analysis sheet was used as an instrument; On the other hand, the non-probabilistic sample consisted of 20 annual financial statements, in turn made up of two companies in the dairy sector from 2015 to 2019; On this basis, the financial comparison indicators were calculated. The results determined that the company Leche Gloria SA, managed to obtain a better collection sufficiency due to the speed in the recovery of its loans granted, while Laive SA was slow to recover the cash from the sales made; Regarding liquidity, the two companies had good payment capacity to meet their obligations and short-term debts, exceeding the estimated range. It was concluded that by having good collection standards, companies obtain considerable liquidity to make the corresponding payments and avoid production stagnation according to economic activity.
Perempuan, Mahar, dan Stratifikasi Sosial dalam Naskah Peraturan Bimbang dalam Negeri Bangkahulu
Authors: Pektra Chika Amelia , Buduroh Mamlahatun
Published: June 2021

This study discusses the relationships between women, dowry and social stratification that are reflected in a manuscript on marriage regulations in Bengkulu entitled Peraturan Bimbang dalam Negeri Bangkahulu held in the National Library of Indonesia, with shelfmark Ml.144. This article considers the position of women in the determination of marriage dowry in the Peraturan Bimbang dalam Negeri Bangkahulu manuscript, and aims to describe the relations between women, dowry and social stratification that prevailed in 1882 and to describe the views of Bengkulu society regarding marital regulations. This research was conducted using descriptive analytical methods and literature study techniques and sociological approaches to examine the interrelation of these three elements. The results show that there are binding rules between women, the dowry and social stratification in the Bengkulu Malay community as reflected in the text. The regulation determines the amount of dowry used as a sign or symbol of women's social status in society, and this concept is still valid in the Malay-Bangkahulu community to this day. However, the regulation experienced a shift in the dowry determination. Specifically, the determination of the amount of dowry in the past was based on the lineage owned by women, whereas at present the education and profession of women are the determining factors that are capable of causing changes in social stratification that develops in society.
THE INSTITUTE OF “URGENT INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS” IN THE DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
Authors: Zhurba O. L. , Radneva E. G.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the article is to deduce the formula of kinetic energy of a specific movement – the movement of subjective rights and legal obligations in legal relations, and to show the relationship of rights and obligations in the legal system in the form of a scalar equation.
TO THE QUESTION OF COUNTERING THE ACTIVITIES OF THE EXTREMIST ORGANIZATION «JEHOVAH’S WITNESSES»
Authors: Shishina E. A.
Published: June 2021

Modern conditions for combating crime put forward increased demands on law enforcement officers of the Russian Federation. These requirements include both a high physical and moral resource, as well as intellectual potential, ensuring the successful fight against crime. An analysis of the law enforcement practice of counteracting extremist organizations and groups indicates that unobvious crimes are in most cases difficult to identify and investigate. The reason for this is the lack of orienting information, primary signs of a crime, evidence, etc. The article discusses the history of the origin of the extremist organization Jehovah’s Witnesses, their activities in the post-Soviet space, and the experience of countering the USSR State Security Committee. The contemporary activities of an extremist organization on the territory of the Russian Federation are characterized. The ideology, norms of behavior, the organization’s financing system are analyzed. The consequences of the impact on the consciousness of adepts, the anti-state nature of activity are determined. The legal mechanism of counteracting the activities of extremist organizations is characterized. The features of the activities of the extremist organization Jehovah’s Witnesses in the Republic of Crimea are examined, and law enforcement practice is analyzed. The factors hindering the identification and documentation of the activities of extremist organizations are identified. Ways and methods of detecting, preventing, combating and solving crimes related to the activities of extremist organizations are identified.
EARLY FORMATIVE MESOAMERICA: FORMATION OF PRIMARY STATEHOOD INSTITUTIONS AND REGIONAL PECULIARITIES
Authors: Koshman V. А.
Published: June 2021

Modern conditions for combating crime put forward increased demands on law enforcement officers of the Russian Federation. These requirements include both a high physical and moral resource, as well as intellectual potential, ensuring the successful fight against crime. An analysis of the law enforcement practice of counteracting extremist organizations and groups indicates that unobvious crimes are in most cases difficult to identify and investigate. The reason for this is the lack of orienting information, primary signs of a crime, evidence, etc. The article discusses the history of the origin of the extremist organization Jehovah’s Witnesses, their activities in the post-Soviet space, and the experience of countering the USSR State Security Committee. The contemporary activities of an extremist organization on the territory of the Russian Federation are characterized. The ideology, norms of behavior, the organization’s financing system are analyzed. The consequences of the impact on the consciousness of adepts, the anti-state nature of activity are determined. The legal mechanism of counteracting the activities of extremist organizations is characterized. The features of the activities of the extremist organization Jehovah’s Witnesses in the Republic of Crimea are examined, and law enforcement practice is analyzed. The factors hindering the identification and documentation of the activities of extremist organizations are identified. Ways and methods of detecting, preventing, combating and solving crimes related to the activities of extremist organizations are identified.
AUTONOMY OF WILL PRINCIPLE IN NON-CONTRACTUAL LEGAL RELATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL CHARACTER
Authors: Novikova T. V.
Published: June 2021

The article elaborates on legal regime of autonomy of will in tort and unjust enrichment legal relations of international character and grounds two basic conclusions. Firstly, the author stands on the point that although title of article 1223.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation mentions only tort and unjust enrichment obligations, in fact it stipulates autonomy of will for all non-contractual legal relations except those, for which the prohibition for parties to choose applicable law is straightly set. Secondly, the author grounds conclusion that autonomy of will has developed into a principle of private international law reflected in a multilevel system of coordinated norms. In the field of non-contractual legal relations with foreign element permissive norm is set by article 1223.1 in conjunction with general rules of article 1210 and specific clauses of articles 1219, 1221, 1223, 1222, 1222.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
RESEARCH OF PROBLEMS OF FORMATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND PUNISHMENT POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE FIELD OF ADMINISTRATIVE PUNISHMENTS: ISSUES OF ACTUALIZATION
Authors: Tsyndrya V. N.
Published: June 2021

The article actualizes the need to study the problems of forming the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of administrative penalties. It was established that the conduct of such a study is due to the objective need to improve the theoretical and legal foundations of the formation of administrative and punitive policies, as well as their consideration in the legislative work.
As a hypothesis of such a study, it has been suggested that identifying the laws governing the formation of administrative and punitive policies using modern methods of scientific knowledge will help to improve the quality of normo-project work, primarily when developing a new Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, optimizing the mechanisms for taking into account public opinion as a form of response to novelize the legislation on administrative responsibility, to reduce the period for introducing new or updated administrative-tort rules into law enforcement practice.
Its purpose, objectives, object, subject, methodology and practical significance are determined.
The end result of the study was the development of a theoretical model of the part of the “Concept of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of administrative penalties”, revealing its stage (phase) – formation, which is further proposed to be reflected in the draft of the relevant resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation.
DEFINITION OF VIOLENT CRIMES COMMITTED AGAINST EMPLOYEES OF THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS BODIES
Authors: Avedyan A. A.
Published: June 2021

The parameters of victimization of employees of internal affairs bodies when various crimes are committed against them have a certain specificity, due primarily to their professional victimization. The performance of functional duties by employees of internal affairs bodies is associated with an increased responsibility of the employee for their actions, as well as an increased risk, primarily for the life and health of the employee. The study of the victimological characteristics of the personality of an employee of the internal affairs bodies — a victim of violent crimes, makes it possible to identify various objective and subjective factors associated with their professional status and official activities, which indicates the validity of separating these crimes into an independent group. The main criterion for distinguishing violent crimes committed against employees of the internal affairs bodies into a separate independent group of crimes, along with the crime victim’s belonging to a specific isolated social group — employees of the internal affairs bodies, is the violent way of committing them. The definition of the concept of violent crimes committed against employees of internal affairs bodies, carried out taking into account the specified system-forming victimological and motivational criteria, will make it possible to determine the immediate range of these crimes, respectively, the subject of preventive action.
APPLICATION OF LEGAL CONSTRUCTIONS OF INTERCONNECTION OF OBJECTS WITHIN THE CONCEPT OF A SINGLE PROPERTY OBJECT
Authors: Semenova E. G.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the scientific article is to show the statement of the fundamental world problem about the meaning of criminal punishment by the outstanding Russian writer L. N. Tolstoy in 1899 in the work «Sunday», and its exact practical solution by Professor S. G. Olkov in 2019 in the article «on explaining the nature of criminal law relations».
Scientific methods: observation, comparison, methods of mathematical analysis, probability theory and mathematical statistics.
Scientific result: 1) it is proved that the value of criminal penalties is not axiomatic; 2) it is proved that the great Russian thinker L. N. Tolstoy managed in the late nineteenth century to formulate precisely the main problem of the world of criminal policy, but failed to solve it in the absence in his time the precise legal science, which emerged in the beginning of the twenty-first century; 3) it is proved that the fundamental historical problem of the meaning and value of criminal penalties was exactly solved by mathematical means, by Professor S. G. Olkov, in the beginning of the XXI century; 4) the author’s flowchart discloses the consequences of erroneous and accurate creation and application of criminal law norms.
Practical significance: the obtained scientific results, presented in an accessible form, allow the General scientific community, politicians, students and other interested persons to understand the complex nature and meaning of criminal law relations; avoid numerous theoretical and practical errors in explaining, predicting and managing criminal behavior; understand the importance of accurate legal science in solving fundamental problems of humanity, creating a more perfect and healthy society.
Part 3: Case Study Appendices to the Technical Reports
Authors: Boettcher Seth J. , Gately Courtney , Lizano Alexandra L. , Long Alexis , Yelvington Alexis
Published: June 2021

This Case Study Appendix to the Technical Reports expands on regulations in San Antonio and El Paso where these water alternatives are in place. The goal of this report is to provide insight into the legal and regulatory barriers, challenges, and opportunities for these technologies to go online. Each desalination and water recycling faciality implementation site must comply with various laws and regulations. The information in these Case Studies comes from the study of brackish groundwater desalination and water recycling facilities currently operating in Texas. While there is no updated “one-stop-shop” resource where a municipal leader can find a list of all the necessary permits to build, operate, and maintain such facilities, this Technical Report aims to compile the existing, available information in an organized and accessible fashion. The Desalination Technical report is the third in a series of three reports which make up the Project. These reports examine regulations surrounding desalination and water recycling. The companion reports generally highlight building, operating, and monitoring requirements for water recycling facilities in Texas.
First records of Condylostylus depressus (Aldrich, 1901) and Condylostylus electus (Walker, 1852) (Diptera, Dolichopodidae) in coconut plantations in state of Pará, Brazil
Authors: Penner Fernanda V. , Silva Yorranna K. R. da , Soares Matheus M. M. , Bastos Lucas F. , Batista Telma F. V.
Published: June 2021

We record for the first time two species of Condylostylus Bigot, 1859 from Pará state, Brazil. Condylostylus depressus (Aldrich, 1901) and C. electus (Walker, 1852) were found on commercial crops of Cocos nucifera L., thus pointing to a possible value for biological control. In addition, we provide diagnoses and distributional maps for both species in Brazil.
Knihovny na zámku Konopiště
Authors: Mašek Petr
Published: June 2021

The first library at Konopiště Castle was built by František Karel Přehořovský of Kvasejovice at the turn of the 18th century, but it was later scattered and its traces can be found in various places. After the sale of the castle in 1887, the second library, established by the counts of Wrtba, was moved to Křimice Castle. The current library was founded by the new owner of the castle, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. He had brought to Konopiště an older library created by the counts of Fünfkirchen and the counts of Stadion-Warthausen from Chlum Castle near Třeboň. He also added the library of his father, Archduke Karl Ludwig. Franz Ferdinand received a number of books as gifts from their authors. He supplemented some fiction books with evaluation notes. The library contains legal, political and historical works, especially on the history of Austria and the Habsburg dynasty, as well as works on hunting, natural sciences and militaria. It can be assumed that the library was also enriched by his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, and their children, who signed mainly textbooks and works for youth.
A New Method for Obtaining Model-Free Viscoelastic Material Properties from Atomic Force Microscopy Experiments Using Discrete Integral Transform Techniques
Authors: Uluutku Berkin , López-Guerra Enrique A , Solares Santiago D
Published: June 2021

Viscoelastic characterization of materials at the micro- and nanoscales is commonly performed with the aid of force-distance relationships acquired using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The general strategy for existing methods is to fit the observed material behavior to specific viscoelastic models, such as generalized viscoelastic models or power-law rheology models, among others.  Here we propose a new method to invert and obtain the viscoelastic properties of a material through the use of the Z-transform, without using a model.  We present the rheological viscoelastic relations in their classical derivation and their Z-domain correspondence.  We illustrate the proposed technique on a model experiment involving a traditional ramp-shaped force-distance AFM curve, demonstrating good agreement between the viscoelastic characteristics extracted from the simulated experiment and the theoretical expectations. We also provide a path for calculating standard viscoelastic responses from the extracted material characteristics.  The new technique based on the Z-transform is complementary to previous model-based viscoelastic analyses and can be advantageous with respect to Fourier techniques due to its generality.  Additionally, it can handle the unbounded inputs traditionally used to acquire force-distance relationships in AFM, such as “ramp” functions, in which the cantilever position is displaced linearly with time for a finite period of time.
Powers of government agencies in ensuring the security of the state and directions of their improvement
Authors: Hordiienko Serhii
Published: June 2021

The paper considers and systematizes the powers of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the President of Ukraine, the National Security Council of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, local authorities and the judiciary in modern conditions and attempts to improve them by systematizing legislation in the political, military, economic and judicial spheres.

It is determined that the security of the state in the modern conditions of development of Ukrainian society is ensured not only by the Security Service of Ukraine, as stated in the legislation, but also by other authorities and management on which it directly depends: Verkhovna Rada, President, National Security and Defense Council, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Agriculture of Ukraine; Ministry of Energy and Environmental Protection of Ukraine; Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine; Ministry of Finance of Ukraine; Ministry of Justice of Ukraine; State Tax Service of Ukraine; State Service of Ukraine for Ethnopolitics and Freedom of Conscience; State Customs Service of Ukraine; State Service of Geology and Subsoil of Ukraine; State Service of Ukraine for Emergencies; State Financial Monitoring Service of Ukraine; State Export Control Service of Ukraine; The State Fiscal Service of Ukraine and almost all other state institutions.

However, their activities in this direction have their own specific features that need to be identified and enshrined in law.

Key words: powers, Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, President of Ukraine, National Security Council of Ukraine, Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, local authorities and judicial bodies, Constitution of Ukraine, Law of Ukraine «On the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine».
Financial Feasibility Analysis of Chocolate Spread with Coconut Ingredients as Agroindustrial Product
Authors: Savitri Dyah Ayu , Herlina Herlina , Novijanto Noer
Published: June 2021

Chocolate spread is a type of paste which is mostly spread on breads and pastries. This research was conducted by calculating financial feasibility of chocolate spread with addition of coconut flour and coconut sugar produced by Yayasan Suren untuk Indonesia. The aim of this research is to observe the financial feasibility of chocolate spread with addition of coconut flour and coconut sugar in order to obtain its development strategy on production management and marketing. The results showed BEP value of 16659,4; PBP (year) value of 1,9; NPV value of 20389635,9; IRR value of 1526% and B/C ratio of 1,05. Therefore, based on financial feasibility analysis, this business is feasible to execute. Furthermore, based on sensitivity analysis using four scenarios, this business is not feasible to execute while  undergoes increasing of price of raw material as big as 4% and decreasing of selling price as big as 3%. Based on those scenario, NPV value of this business was Rp -194.353.160,28 (<0); followed by value of IRR, Net B/C, payback period and BEP were 10,94%; 1,00; 7,88 and 155.020,62 respectively.
Impact of External Debt Management on Economic Growth of Nigeria
Authors: Ogbonna Ogbonna , Ihemeje Ihemeje , Obioma Obioma , Hanson Hanson , Amadi Amadi
Published: June 2021

This study examined the impact of External debt management on economic growth of Nigeria. Using annual time series data collected over the period of 33 years (1986 – 2018). The data for the study were collected from the CBN statistical bulletin annual report. The variables on which data are collected include: Real Gross Domestic Product, External Debt, External Debt service, Balance of Payment and Exchange Rate. Data were analyzed using the Ordinary least squares (OLS) multiple regression analysis. It proceeded with Descriptive statistics; Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test, Co-integration test and Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The study revealed that impact of external debt management on economic growth of Nigeria over the period under review was statistically significant with external debt, external debt service payment and balance of payment but statistically insignificant with exchange rate. The study recommended that governments should establish and adopt an optimal balance between external debt acquisition and application /allocation of the acquired funds to productive projects for the purpose of making a high output and a steady economic growth. The management should live up to expectation by encouraging efficient commitment of borrowed funds to productive projects so as to comply with debt serving agreement and outright payments, measures such as improving exports should be implemented to ensure that local currencies are stable.
Evaluarea riscului pentru starea de sănătate a populației în funcție de com-poziția apei potabile
Authors: MIRON Inga
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Drinking water includes a multitude of natural elements, with a strong connection between them, which through the dynamics of their modification in many cases influence the health of the population.

Material and methods. The quality of drinking water from the Prut river ecosystem was studied (water from aqueducts fed from the river, water from artesian wells, water from adjacent wells), health status of the population from riparian localities (Lipcani, Ungheni and Cahul). The correlations between these two indicators and the risk of population disease caused by water quality were calculated. Hygienic, epidemiological, sanitary-chemical and statistical methods of investigation were used.

Results. Following the study, the existence of small and medium correlative dependencies between the water quality indices from the aqueduct fed from the Prut River and the prevalence of the main groups of nosology of morbidity was highlighted. High direct correlative dependencies of health indices on water quality in artesian wells and wells were quantified. The values of the risk of genito-urinary, osteo-articular, digestive system, blood diseases/anemia, etc. were determined.

Conclusions. Finally, there was a causal relationship between the factors investigated and the health of the population, highlighting the risk of developing nosological forms.
Media Pembelajaran Mari Menghafal Do’a Harian Menggunakan Augmented Reality di PAUD Delima Kebon Jahe
Authors: Maisaroh Siti , Sirumapea Agustinus , Nur Islam Galang Trifadli
Published: June 2021

Do’a merupakan rangkaian ibadah yang sangat berkaitan dengan kesempuranan iman dan islam seseorang. Belajar dan menghafal do’a-do’a harian dengan membaca berulang-ulang sering membuat jenuh peserta didik. Penelitian ini akan membahas tentang media pembelajaran do’a harian pada perangkat mobile berbasis Android dengan menggunakan augmented reality yang bertujuan untuk memudahkan anak usia dini dalam belajar dan menghafal do’a harian. Metode yang digunakan untuk membangun sebuah aplikasi ini adalah metode pengembangan perangkat lunak model prototype. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan cara melakukan observasi, wawancara, studi pustaka dan kuesioner. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, aplikasi pembelajaran ini menjadi salah satu kategori media pembelajaran yang efektif dan menarik untuk pembelajaran serta mengasah kemampuan menghafal do’a harian pada anak usia dini.
EVALUATION OF STATE AID AND ITS CREATED VALUE FOR DISABLED PEOPLE IN LITHUANIA
Authors: Girlevičienė Laura , Kvietkauskienė Alina
Published: June 2021

Countries facing social issues related to the disabled apply various measures to solve them, including State aid. However, the application of these measures does not always enable them to achieve the goals of state policy or to improve indicators such as the integration of the disabled into the labor market and reduction of social exclusion. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of State aid usage and influence on the implementation of disabled employment policies, this research develops a set of social and economic indicators to reflect the examined issue, allow for the assessment of the situation of the target group, and envisage areas of improvement. To evaluate the impact of State aid on the selected indicators, a simple linear regression analysis is performed. According to our evaluations, we establish that in order for the government to solve problems of poverty by employing disabled people, questions of financial capacity as well as the effectiveness of allowances for the disabled should be addressed. The expected effects of this measure are a growing number of employed disabled people and reduction of poverty and social exclusion among disabled people.
An ALMA Survey of Protoplanetary Disks in Lynds 1641
Authors: Grant Sierra L. , Espaillat Catherine C. , Wendeborn John , Tobin John J. , Macías Enrique , Rilinger Anneliese , Ribas Álvaro , Thomas Megeath S. , Fischer William J. , Calvet Nuria , Hee Kim Kyoung
Published: June 2021

We present ALMA observations of 101 protoplanetary disks within the star-forming region Lynds 1641 in the Orion Molecular Cloud A. Our observations include 1.33 mm continuum emission and spectral windows covering the J = 2–1 transition of 12CO, 13CO, and C18O. We detect 89 protoplanetary disks in the dust continuum at the 4σ level (∼88% detection rate) and 31 in 12CO, 13 in 13CO, and 4 in C18O. Our sample contains 23 transitional disks, 20 of which are detected in the continuum. We target infrared-bright Class II objects, which biases our sample toward massive disks. We determine dust masses or upper limits for all sources in our sample and compare our sample to protostars in this region. We find a decrease in dust mass with evolutionary state. We also compare this sample to other regions surveyed in the (sub)millimeter and find that Lynds 1641 has a relatively massive dust disk population compared to regions of similar and older ages, with a median dust mass of

M
⊕ and 27% with dust masses equal to or greater than the minimum solar nebula dust mass value of ∼30 M
⊕. We analyze the disk mass–accretion rate relationship in this sample and find that the viscous disk lifetimes are similar to the age of the region, though with a large spread. One object, [MGM2012] 512, shows a large-scale (>5000 au) structure in both the dust continuum and the three gas lines. We discuss potential origins for this emission, including an accretion streamer with large dust grains.
Minimum Orbital Periods of H-rich Bodies
Authors: Rappaport S. , Vanderburg A. , Schwab J. , Nelson L.
Published: June 2021

In this work we derive the minimum allowed orbital periods of H-rich bodies ranging in mass from Saturn’s mass to 1 M
⊙, emphasizing gas giants and brown dwarfs (BDs) over the range 0.0003–0.074 M
⊙. Analytic fitting formulae for

as a function of the mass of the body and as a function of the mean density are presented. We assume that the density of the host star is sufficiently high so as not to limit the minimum period. In many instances this implies that the host star is a white dwarf. This work is aimed, in part, toward distinguishing BDs from planets that are found transiting the host white dwarf without recourse to near-infrared or radial velocity measurements. In particular, orbital periods of ≲100 minutes are very likely to be BDs. The overall minimum period over this entire mass range is ≃37 minutes.
Hydration of Nebular Minerals through the Implantation–Diffusion Process
Authors: Jin Ziliang , Bose Maitrayee
Published: June 2021

Recent studies have detected structurally bound water in the refractory silicate minerals present in ordinary and enstatite chondrite meteorites. The mechanism for the incorporation of the hydrogen is not well defined. In this paper we quantitatively examine a two-fold process involving the implantation and diffusion of nebular hydrogen ions that is responsible for the hydration of the chondritic minerals. Our simulations show that depending on critical parameters, including the flux of the protons in nebular plasma, retention coefficient, temperature of the silicate minerals, and desorption rate of implanted hydrogen, the implantation of low-energy hydrogen ions can result in equivalent water contents of ∼0.1 wt% in chondritic silicates within 10 years. Thus, this novel mechanism operating in the nebula at 10−3 bar pressure and <650 K temperatures can efficiently hydrate the free-floating chondritic minerals prior to the rapid formation of planetesimals inside the snow line, and agree well with the wet accretion scenario for the inner solar system objects.