bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D-Printed Polycaprolactone Implants Modified with Bioglass and Zn-Doped Bioglass
Authors: Rajzer Izabella , Kurowska Anna , Frankova Jana , Sklenářová Renáta , Nikodem Anna , Dziadek Michał , Jabłoński Adam , Janusz Jarosław , Szczygieł Piotr , Ziąbka Magdalena
Published: January 2023

In this work, composite filaments in the form of sticks and 3D-printed scaffolds were investigated as a future component of an osteochondral implant. The first part of the work focused on the development of a filament modified with bioglass (BG) and Zn-doped BG obtained by injection molding. The main outcome was the manufacture of bioactive, strong, and flexible filament sticks of the required length, diameter, and properties. Then, sticks were used for scaffold production. We investigated the effect of bioglass addition on the samples mechanical and biological properties. The samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and microtomography. The effect of bioglass addition on changes in the SBF mineralization process and cell morphology was evaluated. The presence of a spatial microstructure within the scaffolds affects their mechanical properties by reducing them. The tensile strength of the scaffolds compared to filaments was lower by 58–61%. In vitro mineralization experiments showed that apatite formed on scaffolds modified with BG after 7 days of immersion in SBF. Scaffold with Zn-doped BG showed a retarded apatite formation. Innovative 3D-printing filaments containing bioglasses have been successfully applied to print bioactive scaffolds with the surface suitable for cell attachment and proliferation.
SiOC Screens with Aligned and Adjustable Pore Structure for Screen Channel Liquid Acquisition Device
Authors: da Rosa Braun Pedro Henrique , Shukla Prithvi , Rezwan Kurosch , Dreyer Michael , Wilhelm Michaela
Published: January 2023

The development of porous ceramic screens with high chemical stability, low density, and thermal conductivity can lead to promising screen channel liquid acquisition devices (SC-LADs) for propellant management under microgravity conditions in the future. Therefore, SiOC screens with aligned pores were fabricated via freeze-casting and applied as a SC-LAD. The pore window sizes and open porosity varied from 6 µm to 43 µm and 65% or 79%, depending on the freezing temperature or the solid loading, respectively. The pore window size distributions and bubble point tests indicate crack-free screens. On the one hand, SC-LADs with an open porosity of 79% removed gas-free liquid up to a volumetric flow rate of 4 mL s−1. On the other hand, SC-LADs with an open porosity of 65% were limited to 2 mL s−1 as the pressure drop across these screens was relatively higher. SC-LADs with the same open porosity but smaller pore window sizes showed a higher pressure drop across the screen and bubble ingestion at higher values of effective screen area when increasing the applied removal volumetric flow rate. The removed liquid from the SC-LADs was particle-free, thus representing a potential for applications in a harsh chemical environment or broad-range temperatures.
Stabilization of Cereibacter sphaeroides Photosynthetic Reaction Center by the Introduction of Disulfide Bonds
Authors: Selikhanov Georgii , Atamas Anastasia , Yukhimchuk Diana , Fufina Tatiana , Vasilieva Lyudmila , Gabdulkhakov Azat
Published: January 2023

The photosynthetic reaction center of the purple nonsulfur bacterium Cereibacter sphaeroides is a useful model for the study of mechanisms of photoinduced electron transfer and a promising component for photo-bio-electrocatalytic systems. The basic research and technological applications of this membrane pigment-protein complex require effective approaches to increase its structural stability. In this work, a rational design approach to genetically modify the reaction centers by introducing disulfide bonds is used. This resulted in significantly increasing the thermal stability of some of the mutant pigment-protein complexes. The formation of the S-S bonds was confirmed by X-ray crystallography as well as SDS-PAGE, and the optical properties of the reaction centers were studied. The genetically modified reaction centers presented here preserved their ability for photochemical charge separation and could be of interest for basic science and biotechnology.
Phase Equilibria Studies in the CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 System with Al2O3/SiO2 Weight Ratio of 0.4
Authors: Liao Jinfa , Qing Gele , Zhao Baojun
Published: January 2023

With the raw materials for ironmaking becoming increasingly complex, more accurate phase equilibrium information on the slag is needed to refine the blast furnace operation to reduce the energy cost and CO2 emissions. CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO is a basic system of ironmaking slag in which CaO and MgO mainly come from the flux, SiO2 and Al2O3 are mainly from raw materials. The effect of flux additions on the phase equilibrium of the slag can be described by a pseudo-ternary system CaO-MgO-(Al2O3+SiO2) at a fixed Al2O3/SiO2 ratio of 0.4. Liquidus temperatures and solid solutions in the CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 system with Al2O3/SiO2 weight ratio of 0.4 have been experimentally determined using high temperature equilibration and quenching techniques followed by electron probe microanalysis. Dicalcium silicate (Ca2SiO4), cordierite (2MgO·2Al2O3·5SiO2), spinel (MgO·Al2O3), merwinite (3CaO·MgO·2SiO2), anorthite (CaO·Al2O3·2SiO2), mullite (Al2O3·SiO2), periclase (MgO), melilite (2CaO·MgO·2SiO2-2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2) and forsterite (Mg2SiO4) are the major primary phases in the composition range investigated. A series of pseudo-binary phase diagrams have been constructed to demonstrate the application of the phase diagrams on blast furnace operation. Composition of the solid solutions corresponding to the liquidus have been accurately measured and will be used for the development of the thermodynamic database.
Failure Analysis of Two HP-Nb Heat-Resistant Tubes after 46,000 h Exposure to Reformer Service Conditions
Authors: Harandi Ali Nazemi , Eslami Abdoulmajid , Bahrami Abbas , Bakhtafrouz Asghar , Yazdan Mehr Maryam
Published: January 2023

This study presents a failure analysis in two reformer tubes used for hydrogen production in a petrochemical industry. These tubes (Tube A and Tube B) were made by the centrifugal casting of HP-Nb alloy in such a way that one contained titanium as a micro-element, and the other was free from titanium in its chemical composition. Although the two tubes were subjected to similar creep conditions, Tube A failed after only 46,000 h of operation against the design life of 100,000 h. SEM images showed initiation and growth of creep pores next to chromium carbide particles, as well as the formation of microcracks in Cr23C6 carbides. Pore initiation occurs as a result of grain boundary sliding and is strongly dependent on structural morphology. The tube containing titanium (Tube B) showed higher thermal stability and higher creep resistance than the tube without titanium (Tube A), which was due to the formation of finer and more discrete carbide particles. The final fracture of the tube without titanium (Tube A) occurred due to the coalescence of creep pores and the creation of grain boundary cracks.
Effectiveness of Intermittent Hypoxia–Hyperoxia Therapy in Different Pathologies with Possible Metabolic Implications
Authors: Uzun Andreea-Bianca , Iliescu Mădălina Gabriela , Stanciu Liliana-Elena , Ionescu Elena-Valentina , Ungur Rodica Ana , Ciortea Viorela Mihaela , Irsay Laszlo , Motoașcă Irina , Popescu Marius Nicolae , Popa Florina Ligia , Pazara Loredana , Tofolean Doina-Ecaterina
Published: January 2023

Intermittent oxygen therapy (IHT), initially used in the hypoxic administration variant, has been shown to be effective in various pathologies studied, from cardiopulmonary to vascular and metabolic pathologies and more. IHT used to prevent and treat various diseases has thus gained more and more attention as the years have passed. The mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects have been investigated at multiple biological levels, from systemic physiological reactions to genomic regulation. In the last decade, a new method of intermittent oxygen therapy has been developed that combines hypoxic and hyperoxic periods. They can be applied both at rest and during physical exercise, hence the specific indications in sports medicine. It has been hypothesized that replacing normoxia with moderate hyperoxia may increase the adaptive response to the intermittent hypoxic stimulus by upregulating reactive oxygen species and hypoxia-inducible genes. This systematic literature review is based on the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis”—“PRISMA”—methodology, the widely internationally accepted method.
The Influence of Probiotic Supplementation on the Severity of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms; Function and Composition of Gut Microbiota; and Metabolic, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Depression—A Study Protocol
Authors: Skowrońska Anna , Gawlik-Kotelnicka Oliwia , Margulska Aleksandra , Strzelecki Dominik
Published: January 2023

This article aims to present the theoretical basis, methodology, and design of a clinical trial we will conduct. The study will be prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind. Each intervention period will last 8 weeks and the trial will be conducted on 100 patients in total, who will be randomly divided into two groups consisting of 50 patients each. We plan to investigate the impact of Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell and Bifidobacterium longum Rosell on the depressive, anxiety, and stress levels in patients with depressive disorders with possible comorbid anxiety. In addition to assessing the influence of probiotics on the clinical condition, we also plan to study the clinical and biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome, which often coexists with depression. Both depressive and metabolic issues may have part of their etiopathology in common, e.g., inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysbiosis. This is why we will additionally investigate the parameters related to gut microbiota, inflammatory, and oxidative statuses. Thus, the primary endpoint of the study will be the change in depression score measured with the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. The secondary endpoints will include changes in anxiety and stress levels, as well as metabolic, inflammation, and oxidative stress parameters.
Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Validation of Microfluidic Devices for the Investigation of Pore-Scale Phenomena in Underground Gas Storage Systems
Authors: Massimiani Alice , Panini Filippo , Marasso Simone Luigi , Vasile Nicolò , Quaglio Marzia , Coti Christian , Barbieri Donatella , Verga Francesca , Pirri Candido Fabrizio , Viberti Dario
Published: January 2023

The understanding of multiphase flow phenomena occurring in porous media at the pore scale is fundamental in a significant number of fields, from life science to geo and environmental engineering. However, because of the optical opacity and the geometrical complexity of natural porous media, detailed visual characterization is not possible or is limited and requires powerful and expensive imaging techniques. As a consequence, the understanding of micro-scale behavior is based on the interpretation of macro-scale parameters and indirect measurements. Microfluidic devices are transparent and synthetic tools that reproduce the porous network on a 2D plane, enabling the direct visualization of the fluid dynamics. Moreover, microfluidic patterns (also called micromodels) can be specifically designed according to research interests by tuning their geometrical features and surface properties. In this work we design, fabricate and test two different micromodels for the visualization and analysis of the gas-brine fluid flow, occurring during gas injection and withdrawal in underground storage systems. In particular, we compare two different designs: a regular grid and a real rock-like pattern reconstructed from a thin section of a sample of Hostun rock. We characterize the two media in terms of porosity, tortuosity and pore size distribution using the A* algorithm and CFD simulation. We fabricate PDMS-glass devices via soft lithography, and we perform preliminary air-water displacement tests at different capillary numbers to observe the impact of the design on the fluid dynamics. This preliminary work serves as a validation of design and fabrication procedures and opens the way to further investigations.
Remdesivir Influence on SARS-CoV-2 RNA Viral Load Kinetics in Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens of COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients: A Real-Life Experience
Authors: Campogiani Laura , Iannetta Marco , Di Lorenzo Andrea , Zordan Marta , Pace Pier Giorgio , Coppola Luigi , Compagno Mirko , Malagnino Vincenzo , Teti Elisabetta , Andreoni Massimo , Sarmati Loredana
Published: January 2023

There are still conflicting data on the virological effects of the SARS-CoV-2 direct antivirals used in clinical practice, in spite of the documented clinical efficacy. The aim of this monocentric retrospective study was to compare virologic and laboratory data of patients admitted due to SARS-CoV-2 infection from March to December 2020 treated with either remdesivir (R), a protease inhibitor (lopinavir or darunavir/ritonavir (PI)) or no direct antiviral drugs (NT). Viral load variation was indirectly assessed through PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values on the nasopharyngeal swab, analyzing the results from swabs obtained at ward admission and 7 (±2) days later. Overall, 253 patients were included: patients in the R group were significantly older, more frequently males with a significantly higher percentage of severe COVID-19, requiring more often intensive care admission, compared to the other groups. Ct variation over time did not differ amongst the three treatment groups and did not seem to be influenced by corticosteroid use, even after normalization of the treatment groups for disease severity. Non-survivors had lower Ct on admission and showed a significantly slower viral clearance compared to survivors. CD4 T-lymphocytes absolute count assessed at ward admission correlated with a reduced Ct variation over time. In conclusion, viral clearance appears to be slower in COVID-19 non-survivors, while it seems not to be influenced by the antiviral treatment received.
Characteristics and Formation Conditions of Se-Bearing Metacinnabar in the Wanshan Mercury Ore Field, Eastern Guizhou
Authors: Wang Xiao , Liu Jiajun , Carranza Emmanuel John M. , Zhai Degao , Zhao Qingqing , Weng Guoming , Zhang Bin
Published: January 2023

Cinnabar (α-HgS) is the most common sulfide of mercury while metacinnabar (β-HgS), a high-temperature homogeneous polymorph of the mercury sulfide, is relatively rare, and the α phase of cinnabar transforms to the β phase at 344 °C. Meanwhile, there is a complete isomorphic series between HgS and HgSe, and the occurrence of Se-bearing metacinnabar is of great significance for the exploration of selenium resources. We studied through microscopic observation, electron-probe microanalysis, X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electronic microscopy (FESEM) the Se-bearing metacinnabar of the Wanshan mercury ore field of southeastern Yangtze Block. These analyses, combined with physicochemical phase diagrams, constrained the textural and chemical evolution during the formation process of Se-bearing metacinnabar. Se-bearing metacinnabar was found in altered carbonatite, intergrown with cinnabar, sphalerite, pyrite, realgar and quartz. The Se-bearing metacinnabar contains 77.66–84.01 wt.% Hg, 0.18–1.17 wt.% Zn with extensive isomorphic substitution of Se and S (2.79–14.77 wt.% Se, 6.15–11.82 wt.% S). The presence of impurity elements (e.g., Zn and Se) is considered to be the key factor in expanding the stable range of Se-bearing metacinnabar. The cinnabar generated by the transformation of Se-bearing metacinnabar is characterized by inclusions of Hg-bearing sphalerite and pores, which indicate that this process was carried out through a coupled dissolution–reprecipitation (CDR) reaction. The formation temperature of Se-bearing metacinnabar is higher than that of cinnabar, and according to the phase relations between sulfides and selenides, we propose that logfS2(g) of ore-forming fluids is constrained within −15.663 to −13.141, and logfSe2 < logfS2–3.994 (150 °C).
Study on Key Parameter Design and Adaptability Technology of the 110 Mining Method for the Yuwang NO.1 Coal Mine in the Diandong Mining Area
Authors: Ma Xingen , He Manchao , Hu Bing , Wang Dalong , Chen Cunqiang , Li Jing , Gao Jianxun , Jiang Qi , Bai Zongrong
Published: January 2023

The 110 mining method is a high-efficiency entry-retaining technology without coal pillars or filling materials. At present, there is no precedent for its application in the Huaneng Group. In order to introduce this technology, it is planned to carry out experimental application research in the Yuwang NO.1 Coal Mine of the Huaneng Diandong mining area. The Yuwang NO.1 Coal Mine is a typical coal and gas outburst mine with a coal seam group. In view of the introduction of the 110 mining method under these conditions, first, the geological conditions of the Yuwang NO.1 Coal Mine in the Huaneng Diandong mining area are analyzed, the geological characteristics of the test mining face are summarized, and the practical feasibility of the 110 mining method is analyzed according to the geological characteristics of “one soft, one low, two high, and two complex”. Then, according to the engineering experience, calculations, and analysis, the key parameters of roof cutting of the test mining face in the Yuwang NO.1 Coal Mine are obtained, and with the help of a numerical simulation, the roof-cutting height, the roof-cutting angle, and the blasting parameters are numerically simulated and analyzed. The roof-cutting key parameters of the test face are obtained as follows: the roof-cutting depth is 7 m, the roof-cutting angle is 15°, and the blasting method is continuous hole blasting with 500 mm spacing. After that, according to the coal and gas outburst and the occurrence conditions of coal seams in the Yuwang NO.1 Coal Mine, a variety of gob closure design schemes and gob gas drainage design schemes are put forward, and the field effect investigation scheme is given. After the tunnels and open-off cut of the test coal mine’s first mining face are connected, under the guidance of the above research results, the field blasting test and the 110 mining method entry-retaining test are further carried out to verify the rationality of the design of the roof-cutting parameters and the feasibility of the gangue wall closure and gas drainage design. Furthermore, in the process of the field practice, continuous research is carried out on the stope pressure law and the adjacent layer gas drainage technology under the 110 mining method, and finally, the 110 mining method application technology system in the Diandong Mining Area is formed.
HS-BAμE: A New Alternative Approach for VOCs Analysis—Application for Monitoring Biogenic Emissions from Tree Species
Authors: Gonçalves Oriana C. , Cerqueira Jéssica S. R. F. , Mestre Ana S. , Neng Nuno R. , Nogueira José M. F.
Published: January 2023

In this work, a new analytical approach is proposed for monitoring biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) by combining headspace bar adsorptive microextraction (HS-BAμE) with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The HS-BAμE methodology was developed, optimized, validated and applied for the analysis of BVOCs emitted from two tree species (Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Pinus pinaster Aiton) and compared with headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME), commonly accepted as a reference technique. To achieve optimum experimental conditions, numerous assays were carried out by both methodologies, studying the release of the five major monoterpenoids (α-pinene, β-pinene, myrcene, limonene and 1,8-cineole) from the leaves of the tree species, whereas the maximum selectivity and efficiency were obtained using an activated carbon and PDMS/DVB fiber as sorbent phases for HS-BAμE and HS-SPME, respectively. Under optimized experimental conditions, both methodologies showed similar profiling and proportional responses, although the latter present a higher sensitivity in the analytical configuration used. For the five monoterpenoids studied, acceptable detection limits (LODs = 5.0 μg L−1) and suitable linear dynamic ranges (20.0–100.0 mg L−1; r2 ≥ 0.9959) were achieved, and intra- and inter-day studies proved that both methodologies exhibited good results (RSD and %RE ≤ 19.9%), which indicates a good fit for the assessment of BVOCs by the HS-BAμE/GC-MS methodology. Assays performed on sampled leaves by both optimized and validated methodologies showed high levels of the five major BVOCs released from E. globulus Labill. (10.2 ± 1.3 to 7828.0 ± 40.0 μg g−1) and P. pinaster Aiton (9.2 ± 1.4 to 3503.8 ± 396.3 μg g−1), which might act as potential fuel during forest fire’s propagation, particularly under extreme atmospheric conditions. This is the first time that BAμE technology was applied in the HS sampling mode, and, in addition to other advantages, it has proven to be an effective and promising analytical alternative for monitoring VOCs, given its great simplicity, easy handling and low cost.
Development of Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Method for the Simultaneous Separation and Quantification of Metformin and Pioglitazone in Dosage Forms; and Comparison with HPLC Method
Authors: AlThikrallah Maymonah K. I. , Idris Abubakr M. , Elbashir Abdalla Ahmed , Elgorashe Rafea E. E. , Buzid Alyah , Alnajjar Ahmed O.
Published: January 2023

A capillary zone electrophoretic (CZE) method was developed, validated, and applied for the assay of metformin (MET) and pioglitazone (PIO) in pharmaceutical formulations. The optimum running buffer composition was found to be 75 mmol/L phosphate buffer containing 30% acetonitrile (ACN) at pH 4.0. The optimum instrumental conditions were found to be injection time, 10 s; applied voltage, 25 kV; hydrodynamic injection pressure, 0.5 psi for 10 s, capillary temperature, 25 °C; and the detection wavelength, 210 nm. The quantifications were calculated based on the ratio of the peak areas of analytes to atenolol as an internal standard. The CZE method was validated in terms of accuracy (98.21–104.81%), intra- and inter-day precision of migration time and peak area (relative standard deviation ≤ 5%), linearity (correlation coefficients ≥ 0.9985), limit of detection (≤0.277 μg/mL), and limit of quantitation (≤0.315 μg/mL). The proposed method was applied for the analysis of PIO and MET both individually and in a combined dosage tablet formulation. All electrophoretic parameters were calculated and evaluated. A previously reported high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was also applied to the same samples. A comprehensive comparison was then carried out for the analytical features of both methods CZE and HPLC. Comparable results were obtained with the advantage of reagent consumption and separation efficiency of CZE over HPLC and shorter analysis time by HPLC compared with CZE.
In Tandem Control of La-Doping and CuO-Heterojunction on SrTiO3 Perovskite by Double-Nozzle Flame Spray Pyrolysis: Selective H2 vs. CH4 Photocatalytic Production from H2O/CH3OH
Authors: Psathas Pavlos , Zindrou Areti , Papachristodoulou Christina , Boukos Nikos , Deligiannakis Yiannis
Published: January 2023

ABO3 perovskites offer versatile photoactive nano-templates that can be optimized towards specific technologies, either by means of doping or via heterojunction engineering. SrTiO3 is a well-studied perovskite photocatalyst, with a highly reducing conduction-band edge. Herein we present a Double-Nozzle Flame Spray Pyrolysis (DN-FSP) technology for the synthesis of high crystallinity SrTiO3 nanoparticles with controlled La-doping in tandem with SrTiO3/CuO-heterojunction formation. So-produced La:SrTiO3/CuO nanocatalysts were optimized for photocatalysis of H2O/CH3OH mixtures by varying the La-doping level in the range from 0.25 to 0.9%. We find that, in absence of CuO, the 0.9La:SrTiO3 material achieved maximal efficient photocatalytic H2 production, i.e., 12 mmol g−1 h−1. Introduction of CuO on La:SrTiO3 enhanced selective production of methane CH4. The optimized 0.25La:SrTiO3/0.5%CuO catalyst achieved photocatalytic CH4 production of 1.5 mmol g−1 h−1. Based on XRD, XRF, XPS, BET, and UV-Vis/DRS data, we discuss the photophysical basis of these trends and attribute them to the effect of La atoms in the SrTiO3 lattice regarding the H2-production, plus the effect of interfacial CuO on the promotion of CH4 production. Technology-wise this work is among the first to exemplify the potential of DN-FSP for scalable production of complex nanomaterials such as La:SrTiO3/CuO with a diligent control of doping and heterojunction in a single-step synthesis.
S-(−)-Oleocanthal Ex Vivo Modulatory Effects on Gut Microbiota
Authors: Qusa Mohammed H. , Abdelwahed Khaldoun S. , Hill Ronald A. , El Sayed Khalid A.
Published: January 2023

Compelling evidence points to the critical role of bioactive extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) phenolics and gut microbiota (GM) interplay, but reliable models for studying the consequences thereof remain to be developed. Herein, we report an optimized ex vivo fecal anaerobic fermentation model to study the modulation of GM by the most bioactive EVOO phenolic S-(−)-oleocanthal (OC), and impacts therefrom, focusing on OC biotransformation in the gut. This model will also be applicable for characterization of GM interactions with other EVOO phenolics, and moreover, for a broadly diverse range of bioactive natural products. The fecal fermentation media and time, and mouse type and gender, were the major factors varied and optimized to provide better understanding of GM-OC interplay. A novel resin entrapment technique (solid-phase extraction) served to selectively entrap OC metabolites, degradation products, and any remaining fraction of OC while excluding interfering complex fecal medium constituents. The effects of OC on GM compositions were investigated via shallow shotgun DNA sequencing. Robust metabolome analyses identified GM bacterial species selectively altered (population numbers/fraction) by OC. Finally, the topmost OC-affected gut bacterial species of the studied mice were compared with those known to be extant in humans and distributions of these bacteria at different human body sites. OC intake caused significant quantitative and qualitative changes to mice GM, which was also comparable with human GM. Results clearly highlight the potential positive health outcomes of OC as a prospective nutraceutical.
Effect of Targeted vs. Standard Fortification of Breast Milk on Growth and Development of Preterm Infants (≤32 Weeks): Results from an Interrupted Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Seliga-Siwecka Joanna , Fiałkowska Justyna , Chmielewska Anna
Published: January 2023

Human milk is recommended for very low birth weight infants. Their nutritional needs are high, and the fortification of human milk is a standard procedure to optimize growth. Targeted fortification accounts for the variability in human milk composition. It has been a promising alternative to standard fixed-dose fortification, potentially improving short-term growth. In this trial, preterm infants (≤32 weeks of gestation) were randomized to receive human milk after standard fortification (HMF, Nutricia) or tailored fortification with modular components of proteins (Bebilon Bialko, Nutricia), carbohydrates (Polycal, Nutricia), and lipids (Calogen, Nutricia). The intervention started when preterms reached 80 mL/kg/day enteral feeds. Of the target number of 220 newborns, 39 were randomized. The trial was interrupted due to serious intolerance in five cases. There was no significant difference in velocity of weight gain during the supplementation period (primary outcome) in the tailored vs. standard fortification group: 27.01 ± 10.19 g/d vs. 25.84 ± 13.45 g/d, p = 0.0776. Length and head circumference were not significantly different between the groups. We found the feasibility of targeted fortification to be limited in neonatal intensive care unit practice. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov NCT:03775785.
Investigating the Relationship between Home Parenteral Support and Needs-Based Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Intestinal Failure: A National Multi-Centre Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Jones Debra , Lal Simon , French Chloe , Sowerbutts Anne Marie , Gittins Matthew , Gabe Simon , Brundrett Diane , Culkin Alison , Calvert Chris , Thompson Beth , Cooper Sheldon C. , Fletcher Jane , Donnellan Clare , Forbes Alastair , Lam Ching , Radford Shellie , Mountford Christopher G. , Rogers Daniel , Muggridge Rebecca , Sharkey Lisa , Neild Penny , Wheatley Carolyn , Stevens Philip , Burden Sorrel
Published: January 2023

Home parenteral support (HPS) is an essential but potentially burdensome treatment that can affect quality of life (QoL). The aims of this longitudinal study were to understand whether any changes in HPS over time were associated with QoL. The Parenteral Nutrition Impact Questionnaire (PNIQ) was used, and data were collected on HPS prescribed at three time points. Data were analysed using multi-level mixed regression models presented as effect size and were adjusted for confounders. Study recruited 572 participants from 15 sites. Of these, 201 and 145 completed surveys at second and third time-points, respectively. PNIQ score was out of 20 with a higher score indicating poorer QoL. Any reduction in HPS infusions per week was associated with an improved PNIQ score of −1.10 (95% CI −2.17, −0.02) unadjusted and −1.34 (95% CI −2.45, −0.24) adjusted. Per day change to the number of infusions per week was associated with a change in the PNIQ score of 0.32 (95% CI −0.15, 0.80) unadjusted and 0.34 (95% CI −0.17, 0.85) adjusted. This is the largest national study to demonstrate improvements in QoL associated with HPS reduction over time using an HPS-specific and patient-centric tool, adding unique data for use of therapies in intestinal failure.
Multidimensional Health Impact of Multicomponent Exercise and Sustainable Healthy Diet Interventions in the Elderly (MED-E): Study Protocol
Authors: Sampaio Joana , Carvalho Joana , Pizarro Andreia , Pinto Joana , Moreira André , Padrão Patrícia , Guedes de Pinho Paula , Moreira Pedro , Barros Renata
Published: January 2023

Data concerning the combined effect of diet and exercise interventions on overall health in the elderly are scarce. The MED-E project’s primary aim is to assess the effect of the different 3-month sustainable healthy diet (SHD) and multicomponent training (MT) interventions on several health outcomes in the elderly. A quasi-experimental study assigned older adults into four groups: (1) SHD, (2) MT, (3) SHD + MT, or (4) control group (CG). The SHD intervention included a weekly offer of a mixed food supply and individual and group nutritional sessions on the principles of an SHD. The MT groups were submitted to 50-min exercise sessions three times a week. The primary outcomes were blood biomarkers and metabolic profile alterations that were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Additionally, data on dietary intake and nutritional adequacy, physical fitness, body composition and anthropometry, cognitive function, quality of life, and geographical data were assessed at the same time points. The MED-E project’s study protocol and future results will add to knowledge about the importance and beneficial contribution of combined SHD and MT interventions on healthy ageing policies.
A Call for Urgent Action: Innovations for Nurse Retention in Addressing the Nursing Shortage
Authors: Udod Sonia
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has become a defining moment for healthcare delivery and the health workforce despite “being prepared” for it [...]
Prevalence and Abundance of Bacterial Pathogens of Concern in Shrimp, Catfish and Tilapia Obtained at Retail Stores in Maryland, USA
Authors: Elbashir Salah , Jahncke Michael , DePaola Angelo , Bowers John , Schwarz Jurgen , Punchihewage-Don Anuradha J. , Min Byungrok , Rippen Tom , Parveen Salina
Published: January 2023

Outbreaks of human gastroenteritis have been linked to the consumption of contaminated domestic and imported seafood. This study investigated the microbiological quality of seafood obtained from retail stores on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. A total of 440 samples of domestic and imported frozen shrimp, catfish and tilapia samples were analyzed for aerobic plate count (APC), total coliforms, Escherichia coli and seafood-borne-pathogens (Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni). The prevalence of APC, coliforms and E. coli positive samples was 100%, 43% and 9.3%, respectively. Approximately 3.2%, 1.4%, 28.9% and 3.6% of the samples were positive for V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, Salmonella and Campylobacter jejuni, respectively. The MPN/g ranges were 150–1100 MPN/g for vibrios, 10–1100 MPN/g for Salmonella and 93–460 MPN/g for C. jejuni in seafood, respectively. Comparing bacterial prevalence by type or source of seafood, the only significant difference identified was Salmonella-positive imported tilapia (33.3%) versus domestic tilapia (19.4%). The quantitative data on pathogen levels in the present study provide additional information for quantitative risk assessment not available in previous surveys. The findings of this study suggest the association of potential food safety hazards with domestic and imported seafood and warrant further large-scale studies and risk assessment.
Fluorescence-Coupled Techniques for Determining Rose Bengal in Dermatological Formulations and Their Application to Ex Vivo Skin Deposition Studies
Authors: Anjani Qonita Kurnia , Demartis Sara , Volpe-Zanutto Fabiana , Li Huanhuan , Sabri Akmal Hidayat Bin , Gavini Elisabetta , Donnelly Ryan F.
Published: January 2023

Rose Bengal (RB) is a fluorescent dye with several potential biomedical applications, particularly in dermatology. Due to RB’s poor physicochemical properties, several advanced delivery systems have been developed as a potential tool to promote its permeation across the skin. Nevertheless, no validated quantitative method to analyse RB within the skin is described in the literature. Considering RB exhibits a conjugated ring system, the current investigation proposes fluorescence-based techniques beneficial for qualitatively and quantitatively determining RB delivered to the skin. Notably, the development and validation of a fluorescence-coupled HPLC method to quantify RB within the skin matrix are herein described for the first time. The method was validated based on the ICH, FDA and EMA guidelines, and the validated parameters included specificity, linearity, LOD, LLOQ, accuracy and precision, and carry-over and dilution integrity. Finally, the method was applied to evaluate RB’s ex vivo permeation and deposition profiles when loaded into dermatological formulations. Concerning qualitative determination, multiphoton microscopy was used to track the RB distribution within the skin strata, and fluorescence emission spectra were investigated to evaluate RB’s behaviour when interacting with different environments. The analytical method proved specific, precise, accurate and sensitive to analyse RB in the skin. In addition, qualitative side-analytical techniques were revealed to play an essential role in evaluating the performance of RB’s dermatological formulation.
Alternative Pharmacokinetic Metrics in Single-Dose Studies to Ensure Bioequivalence of Prolonged-Release Products at Steady State—A Case Study
Authors: Mangas-Sanjuán Víctor , Simón Marta , González-Rojano Esperanza , Ochoa Dolores , Abad-Santos Francisco , Román Manuel , Ramos Mercedes , Govantes Carlos , García-Arieta Alfredo
Published: January 2023

(1) Background: this article investigates which PK metrics in a single-dose study (concentration at the end of posology interval, Cτ, partial areas under the curve, pAUCs, or half-value duration, HVD) are more sensitive and less variable for predicting the failure of a prolonged-release product at steady-state that was the bioequivalent for Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-inf, in the single-dose study; (2) Methods: a cross-over study was performed in 36 subjects receiving desvenlafaxine 100 mg prolonged-release tablets. Conventional (Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-inf) and additional (Cτ, pAUCs and HVD) PK metrics were considered after single-dose conditions. Predicted PK metrics at steady state (AUC0-τ, Cmax,ss, and Cτ,ss) were derived using a population PK model approach; (3) Results: the existing differences in the shape of the concentration–time curves precluded to show equivalence for Cτ,ss in the simulated study at steady state. This failure to show equivalence at steady state was predicted by Cτ, pAUCs and HVD in the single-dose study. Cτ was the most sensitive metric for detecting the different shape, with a lower intra-subject variability than HVD; (4) Conclusions: conventional PK metrics for single-dose studies (Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-inf) are not enough to guarantee bioequivalence at steady state for prolonged-release products.
Safe and Effective Delivery of mRNA Using Modified PEI-Based Lipopolymers
Authors: Wang Huijing , Liu Xin , Ai Xuefeng , Remant-Bahadur K. C. , Dick Teo A. , Yan Bingqian , Lu Tingting , Zhou Xingliang , Luo Runjiao , Liu Minglu , Wang Xiangying , Li Kaixiang , Wang Wei , Uludag Hasan , Fu Wei
Published: January 2023

Chemically modified mRNA (modRNA) has proven to be a versatile tool for the treatment of various cancers and infectious diseases due to recent technological advancements. However, a safe and effective delivery system to overcome the complex extracellular and intracellular barriers is required in order to achieve higher therapeutic efficacy and broaden clinical applications. Here, we explored All-Fect and Leu-Fect C as novel transfection reagents derived from lipopolymers, which demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, efficient delivery capabilities, and a robust ability to escape the lysosomes. These properties directly increase mRNA stability by preventing mRNA degradation by nucleases and simultaneously promote efficient gene translation in vitro and in vivo. The modRNA delivered with lipopolymer vectors sustained effective transfection in mouse hearts following direct intramyocardial injection, as well as in major organs (liver and spleen) after systemic administration. No observable immune reactions or systemic toxicity were detected following the systemic administration of lipopolymer-mRNA complexes to additional solid organs. This study identified commercial reagents for the effective delivery of modRNA and may help facilitate the advancement of gene-based interventions involving the safe and effective delivery of nucleic acid drug substances.
RNA-Seq Dissects Incomplete Activation of Phytoalexin Biosynthesis by the Soybean Transcription Factors GmMYB29A2 and GmNAC42-1
Authors: Lin Jie , Monsalvo Ivan , Ly Melissa , Jahan Md Asraful , Wi Dasol , Martirosyan Izabella , Kovinich Nik
Published: January 2023

Glyceollins, isoflavonoid-derived antimicrobial metabolites, are the major phytoalexins in soybean (Glycine max). They play essential roles in providing resistance to the soil-borne pathogen Phytophthora sojae and have unconventional anticancer and neuroprotective activities that render them desirable for pharmaceutical development. Our previous studies revealed that the transcription factors GmMYB29A2 and GmNAC42-1 have essential roles in activating glyceollin biosynthesis, yet each cannot activate the transcription of all biosynthesis genes in the absence of a pathogen elicitor treatment. Here, we report that co-overexpressing both transcription factors is also insufficient to activate glyceollin biosynthesis. To understand this insufficiency, we compared the transcriptome profiles of hairy roots overexpressing each transcription factor with glyceollin-synthesizing roots treated with wall glucan elicitor (WGE) from P. sojae. GmMYB29A2 upregulated most of the WGE-regulated genes that encode enzymatic steps spanning from primary metabolism to the last step of glyceollin biosynthesis. By contrast, GmNAC42-1 upregulated glyceollin biosynthesis genes only when overexpressed in the presence of WGE treatment. This is consistent with our recent discovery that, in the absence of WGE, GmNAC42-1 is bound by GmJAZ1 proteins that inhibit its transactivation activity. WGE, and not GmMYB29A2 or GmNAC42-1, upregulated the heat shock family gene GmHSF6-1, the homolog of Arabidopsis HSFB2a that directly activated the transcription of several glyceollin biosynthesis genes. Our results provide important insights into what biosynthesis genes will need to be upregulated to activate the entire glyceollin biosynthetic pathway.
Effects of Bacterial and Fungal Inocula on Biomass, Ecophysiology, and Uptake of Metals of Alyssoides utriculata (L.) Medik.
Authors: Priarone Silvia , Romeo Sara , Di Piazza Simone , Rosatto Stefano , Zotti Mirca , Mariotti Mauro , Roccotiello Enrica
Published: January 2023

The inoculation of plants with plant-growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) (i.e., bacterial and fungal strains) is an emerging approach that helps plants cope with abiotic and biotic stresses. However, knowledge regarding their synergic effects on plants growing in metal-rich soils is limited. Consequently, the aim of this study was to investigate the biomass, ecophysiology, and metal accumulation of the facultative Ni-hyperaccumulator Alyssoides utriculata (L.) Medik. inoculated with single or mixed plant-growth-promoting (PGP) bacterial strain Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula 1895 (SERP1) and PGP fungal strain Penicillium ochrochloron Biourge (SERP03 S) on native serpentine soil (n = 20 for each treatment). Photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) and performance indicators (PI) had the same trends with no significant differences among groups, with Fv/Fms > 1 and PI up to 12. However, the aboveground biomass increased 4–5-fold for single and mixed inoculated plants. The aboveground/belowground dry biomass ratio was higher for plants inoculated with fungi (30), mixed (21), and bacteria (17). The ICP-MS highlighted that single and mixed inocula were able to double the aboveground biomass’ P content. Mn metal accumulation significantly increased with both single and mixed PGP inocula, and Zn accumulation increased only with single PGP inocula, whereas Cu accumulation increased twofold only with mixed PGP inocula, but with a low content. Only Ni metal accumulation approached the hyperaccumulation level (Ni > 1000 mg/kg DW) with all treatments. This study demonstrated the ability of selected single and combined PGP strains to significantly increase plant biomass and plant tolerance of metals present in the substrate, resulting in a higher capacity for Ni accumulation in shoots.
Biopolymer Non-Parametric Analysis: A Degradation Study under Accelerated Destructive Tests
Authors: Arias-Nava Elias H. , Valles-Rosales Delia J. , Sullivan B. Patrick
Published: January 2023

The degradation of biopolymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) has been studied for several years; however, the results regarding the mechanism of degradation are not completely understood yet. PLA is easily processed by traditional techniques including injection molding, blow molding, extrusion, and thermoforming; in this research, the extrusion and injection molding processes were used to produce PLA samples for accelerated destructive testing. The methodology employed consisted of carrying out material testing under the guidelines of several ASTM standards; this research hypothesized that the effects of UV light, humidity, and temperature exposure have a statistical difference in the PLA degradation rate. The multivariate analysis of non-parametric data is presented as an alternative to multivariate analysis, in which the data do not satisfy the essential assumptions of a regular MANOVA, such as multivariate normality. A package in the R software that allows the user to perform a non-parametric multivariate analysis when necessary was used. This paper presents a study to determine if there is a significant difference in the degradation rate after 2000 h of accelerated degradation of a biopolymer using the multivariate and non-parametric analyses of variance. The combination of the statistical techniques, multivariate analysis of variance and repeated measures, provided information for a better understanding of the degradation path of the biopolymer.
In Vitro Mechanical Properties of a Novel Graphene-Reinforced PMMA-Based Dental Restorative Material
Authors: De Angelis Francesco , Vadini Mirco , Buonvivere Matteo , Valerio Antonio , Di Cosola Michele , Piattelli Adriano , Biferi Virginia , D’Arcangelo Camillo
Published: January 2023

Recent studies suggest that the incorporation of graphene in resin-based dental materials might enhance their mechanical properties and even decrease their degree of contraction during polymerization. The present study aimed at comparing the three-point flexural strength (FS), the compressive strength (CS), and the Vickers hardness (VH) of a CAD/CAM poly-methylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based resin, a recently introduced graphene-reinforced CAD/CAM PMMA-based resin (G-PMMA), and a conventional dental bis-acryl composite resin (BACR). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected among the materials in terms of flexural strength. On the other hand, a mean flexural modulus value of 9920.1 MPa was recorded in BACR group, significantly higher compared to the flexural modulus detected for G-PMMA (2670.2 MPa) and for conventional PMMA (2505.3) (p < 0.05). In terms of compressive modulus (MPa) and compressive strength (MPa), BACR was significantly stiffer than PMMA and G-PMMA. Concerning VH measurements, a significantly increased hardness emerged comparing the BACR group (VH 98.19) to both PMMA and G-PMMA groups (VH 34.16 and 34.26, respectively). Based on the finding of the present study, the graphene-reinforced (PMMA)-based polymer herein tested was not superior to the conventional PMMA and seemed not able to be considered as an alternative material for permanent restorations, at least in terms of hardness and mechanical response to compressive stress. More research on the mechanical/biological properties of G-PMMAs (and on graphene as a filler) seems still necessary to better clarify their potential as dental restorative materials.
Combined Effects from Dual Incorporation of ATBC as Plasticizer and Mesoporous MCM-41 as Nucleating Agent on the PLA Isothermal Crystallization in Environmentally-Friendly Ternary Composite Systems
Authors: Blázquez-Blázquez Enrique , Barranco-García Rosa , Díez-Rodríguez Tamara M. , Cerrada María L. , Pérez Ernesto
Published: January 2023

Different materials, based on an L-rich polylactide (PLA) as matrix, acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate (ATBC) as plasticizer, and mesoporous Mobile Crystalline Material.41 (MCM-41) particles as nucleating agent, were attained by melt extrusion. These materials are constituted by (a) binary blends of PLA and ATBC with different contents of the latest; (b) a dual compound of PLA and a given amount of MCM-41 silica (5 wt.%); and (c) ternary composites that include PLA, ATBC at several compositions and mesoporous MCM-41 at 5 wt.%. Influence of the incorporation of the plasticizer and nucleating particles has been comprehensively analyzed on the different phase transitions: glass transition, cold crystallization, melt crystallization and melting processes. Presence of both additives moves down the temperature at which PLA phase transitions take place, while allowing the PLA crystallization from the melt at 10 °C/min in the composites. This tridimensional ordering is not noticeable in the pristine PLA matrix and, accordingly, PLA crystallization rate is considerably increased under dynamic conditions and also after isothermal crystallization from either the melt or the glassy state. An important synergistic effect of dual action of ATBC and MCM-41 has been, therefore, found.