bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anthropogenic Impacts on Land Use and Land Cover Change in Ombeyi wetland, Kisumu County, Kenya
Authors: Nicodemus Osoro Odhiambo , Obade Paul , Gathuru Gathuru
Published: August 2019

Land use and land cover change as a result of human-induced transitions is a major environmental challenge in Lake Victoria Basin. The study adopted a mixed-method consisting of remote sensing and GIS-based analysis, key informant interviews, and household survey consisting of 384 households to asses Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics and associated human-induced transformations in Ombeyi wetland. The study aimed at generating a characterized area estimate of Ombeyi wetlands land use and land cover change schema for the study period (1990-2017), and examining the spatial and temporal characteristics of anthropogenic impacts and their relationship with land use and land cover change in Ombeyi wetland. The gis-based analysis revealed that built-up area/settlements and agricultural lands extensively increased in area at the expense of wetland vegetation. Key informants attributed the changes to population increase (29.2%) and an associated demand for land and natural resources as the major driving forces for the changes. Analysis of household-survey results validated the observed patterns during the remotely sensed data analysis phase of the research, as 90.1% (n=384) of the respondents reported to own land within the wetland through inheritance. 92.2% of the respondents are farmers practicing farming in the wetland with 72.4% of the same respondents attaining primary level education and below. Poverty and education levels were significant factors in influencing unsustainable land use and land cover changes observed in this study. The present state of land cover and its dynamics have had negative impacts on the riparian rural livelihoods and natural resource management.
“The heat of Milton's mind”: Allusion as a Mode of Thinking in Paradise Lost
Authors: Minas Steven Aaron
Published: August 2019

One of the most contested and arguably misunderstood aspects of Milton's poetry is his use of allusion. The long critical tradition on Paradise Lost, in particular, has spent much of its labor not only identifying the poem's allusions and their significance, but also teasing out the terminological differences between allusion, echo, imitation, topoi, reference, and pun. But rich, insightful, and complex disagreements among readers of Milton's epic poem nevertheless remain. This article suggests that part of the difficulty of Milton's allusions lies in the fact that he did not use allusion in the way most poets do. Rather than deploying allusion as a “learned gesture” intended for readers to recognize, Milton used it as a thinking mechanism, a mode of apprehending and creating poetry.
Corroborate Benjamin Graham’s Approach of Valuing Equity with Special Reference to Indian Capital Market
Authors: Bhatt Suyash
Published: August 2019

In this research we reconnoiter the effectiveness of Benjamin Graham’s formula for the Indian market and calculated the returns on BSE100 stocks for a tenure of a decade. Benjamin Graham devised a technique to calculate intrinsic value of stocks. His approach emphasized on buying the stocks with market value less than intrinsic value and selling the stocks with market value less than the intrinsic value. This strategy helped him to invest in stocks with less risk. The technique was originally developed by Graham in 1962 and reviewed by him in 1974.  He offered a simple and effective formula to calculate the stock’s intrinsic value. Graham’s formula is used to measure an individual company’s intrinsic value.  In this paper we wanted to study the effectiveness of Benjamin Graham’s formula on BSE100 stocks, to find out if the value investing method works. This method also helps investor to swiftly and precisely categorize underrated companies and expensive companies. We have conducted research based on past 10 years’ data to validate our findings.
Implementing Enterprise Content Management Services with an Agile Approach
Authors: Erturk Emre
Published: August 2019

Every organisation needs access to fast online data in order to meet increasing customer demands. As a result, the information architecture of a company, how it is designed, and how information is managed are very important. Because the amount of content is growing at a precipitous rate, in order to manage it with the greatest efficacy, an online content management system is recommended. The challenge for organisations is to implement and manage a dynamic content management system that is responsive to changing requirements, while providing a structure that contributes to organisational efficiencies. How a content management system is designed and implemented (e.g. with Office 365, SharePoint, G Suite, or SAP OpenText) determines its success. This paper discusses using Agile approaches for business content management systems, to ensure that they will be used to their full potential.This conceptual research paper looks into the current context of Enterprise Content Management (ECM) and the desirable qualities of an Agile approach. First, the literature review explores the definitions, elements, benefits, and recent trends around ECM. Then, the paper discusses Agile project management (APM) with some major characteristics and typical features. Thirdly, the paper describes how an Agile ECM system should be (e.g., takes advantage of the growing Internet, cloud services, and mobile computing). An Agile ECM can be developed with an APM or a hybrid approach (i.e. using an Agile software development process to create an Agile end product).This paper covers possible methodologies based on traditional and Agile software development approaches. These encourage a flexible development approach to ECM implementation, and promoting end user involvement and their needs. An ECM system should be dynamic enough to meet the demands of future organisational growth and the business environment. It should allow integration with other new software, including those in the organisation and those in the Cloud. Two methodologies (Scrum and MIKE2.0) are explained, along with their strengths and weaknesses. The recommendation is to synthesize them so that future implementations may take advantage of techniques from both. MIKE2.0 can ensure good information governance, while Scrum can provide an innovative team-based approach and user empowerment, which are highly useful for implementing Content Services rapidly.
Corporate Social Responsibility in Pakistan: A Legal Perspective with Reference to MNEs
Authors: Yu Shuhong , Zia-ud-Din Malik , Dilawer Roy , Ban Xiaohui
Published: August 2019

It is no secret that many multinational enterprises have annual revenues higher than that of the GDP of a significant number of less developed countries put together. This fact puts them in a position not only to influence the host country's policies and but also lives of the people. With the rise of Multi-National Enterprises and foreign investments, the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility, theoretically a self-regulatory mechanism to ensure the active participation of corporations for betterment of society in general, has gained importance in International Law. Given the fact that a huge capital is flowing in Pakistan, it is significant to understand and evaluate the extent to which the principles of CSR are being followed in Pakistan, with a special reference to foreign investment. High ratio of Foreign Direct Investment to the annual budget of Pakistan in recent years coupled with the fact that CSR is still relatively a new concept in Pakistan amplifies the importance of CSR in Pakistan in relation to Foreign Investments. Since CSR, as per OECD guidelines, requires the international corporations to take certain measures to ensure the betterment of the locality and community, the research shall attempt to find out whether the foreign companies working in Pakistan are complying with the norms of CSR and if they do, to what extent those principles are being followed. To do that, we shall try to understand the concept of CSR, to trace down its origins, and to study its elements and key drivers. Moreover, the impacts of compliance of CSR especially on the people, environment and goals of sustainable development shall also be taken into account. The study shall try to search relevant laws, rules, regulations and guidelines, both in international and domestic legal skeletons, which emphasize the significance of CSR and its implementation. We shall try to find out whether any legal recourse or remedies are available to the people and the State of Pakistan in case foreign MNEs do not implement the CSR regulations.
Aanvaarding, verwerping en beschermingsbewind: geen automatisme na drie maanden
Authors: Kolkman W.D.
Published: August 2019

Aanvaarding, verwerping en beschermingsbewind: geen automatisme na drie maanden

Dit artikel beschrijft wat rechtens is wanneer aan iemand wiens vermogen onder bewind staat een erfdeel toekomt. De drie mogelijkheden (zuivere aanvaarding, beneficiaire aanvaarding en verwerping) komen aan bod.
PRAXIS OF APPLYING VAT PRE-COEFFICIENT
BY PUBLIC MUSEUMS
Authors: Gwardzińska Żaneta
Published: August 2019

The issues discussed in the present paper focus on
the impact of applying the VAT pre-coefficient on the financial
situation of state museums or museums co-organised by the
Minister of Culture and National Heritage. Economic and legal
analysis of the information acquired from public museums through access to public information is presented; the analysis
covered the correlation of annual museums’ revenues from
taxed sales, annual museums’ revenues, specified-user
subsidy allocated by their organizer, and the system of due
VAT calculation.
O saneamento ambiental inadequado e sua correlação com hospitalizações
Authors: Oliveira Luzibênia Leal de , Ramalho Ã‚ngela Maria Cavalcanti , Souza Patricio Marques de , Olinda Ricardo , Rocha Fatima Daniela Lucio Jorge , Victor Evelyn Sales
Published: August 2019

No Brasil, uma significativa parcela da população não dispõe de saneamento ambiental adequado. Tal situação resulta em danos ambientais, especialmente em contaminação dos corpos hídricos e do solo, afetando o equilíbrio ambiental e comprometendo a saúde humana. Este estudo teve como objetivo geral: analisar a correlação entre o acesso ao saneamento ambiental (abastecimento de água e esgotamento sanitário) e as hospitalizações. E como objetivos específicos: Demonstrar a evolução do acesso aos serviços de saneamento, no período de 2007 a 2014; Identificar se as soluções individuais ou coletivas de abastecimento de água e esgotamento sanitário estão sendo adequadas para prevenção de DRSAI (Doenças relacionadas ao Saneamento Ambiental Inadequado) e suas complicações; Comparar a ocorrência das hospitalizações por DRSAI, de acordo com a etiologia. A população do estudo foi constituída pelas famílias residentes no estado da Paraíba, de acordo com o IBGE, durante os anos 2007 a 2014. A amostra foi composta por famílias cadastradas no Programa Saúde da Família, e por usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde, hospitalizados por DRSAI, de acordo com registros do SIHSUS (Sistema de Informações Hospitalares). Os referidos dados foram coletados no portal de informação DATASUS, entre Novembro de 2017 a Janeiro de 2018, onde foram exploradas informações do Sistema de Informação da Atenção Básica sobre a situação de saneamento; e também o SIHSUS. O método utilizado para a análise estatística dos dados foi a correlação de postos de Spearman, para dados não-paramétricos, com significância estatística de 95% e valor p menor que 0,05 (p<0,05). Na análise de dados, foi utilizada a estatística descritiva, com o auxílio do software estatístico R. Esta pesquisa identificou que o acesso à água por outras formas, além da rede pública e dos poços e nascentes, tem sido uma excelente estratégia para prevenir hospitalizações por parasitoses. Também ficou evidente a importância da ampliação da rede de esgotos na redução das DRSAI causadas por parasitas, bactérias e vírus. Observamos ainda que as fossas, tal qual estão sendo construídas, não tem sido uma forma segura de descartar os dejetos, pois o uso desta solução individual demonstrou correlação positiva. Este estudo contribui para compreensão da relação entre condições sanitárias e adoecimento; chamando atenção para novos nichos ecológicos eleitos pelo Aedes Aegypti e a importância de soluções individuais de acesso à água potável, bem como a urgência de devida implementação de políticas relacionadas à preservação ambiental.
Sustentabilidade e educação superior na Amazônia: um estudo da Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará
Authors: Gomes Luis Alípio , Brasileiro Tânia Suely Azevedo
Published: August 2019

A problemática ambiental, como a poluição, degradação, crise de recursos naturais, de energia e de alimentos, apareceu nas últimas décadas do século XX como uma crise de civilização (LEFF, 2002), tornando-se um desafio para a sociedade como um todo a partir dos avanços científicos e tecnológicos. As universidades têm um papel relevante no processo de preparação das gerações de profissionais bacharéis e licenciados, para uma atuação com base na sustentabilidade. O artigo traz os resultados parciais da pesquisa que está sendo desenvolvida no âmbito do Curso de Doutorado em Ciências Ambientais do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociedade Natureza e Desenvolvimento da Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará. Foi elaborado a partir da seguinte questão: como ocorre a relação entre sustentabilidade e educação superior nos documentos institucionais da Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará? Qual o papel desta instituição frente a temática ambiental na Amazônia brasileira? É de natureza qualitativa (BOGDAN et al., 1994; CHIZZOTTI, 2010), sendo delineada em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental (LAKATOS et al., 2003; CELLARD, 2008; GIL, 1999). Verificou-se que a sustentabilidade e educação superior vem ganhando destaque no âmbito do desenvolvimento sustentável desde a década de 1970 em eventos internacionais. No campo da pesquisa, há um significativo número de publicações científicas nos últimos dez anos. No caso específico da UFOPA, foi identificado o uso termo desenvolvimento sustentável nos diferentes documentos institucionais, evidenciando o papel que a universidade deveria exercer enquanto vetor de transformação na busca de desenvolvimento com sustentabilidade. À guisa de conclusão, verifica-se que em função da complexidade da relação sustentabilidade e educação superior no contexto amazônico é necessário maior aprofundamento sobre as bases conceituais, filosóficas e epistemológicas da temática.
Gestão de custos ambientais: implementação do selo verde em postos de combustíveis
Authors: Silva Glauce Vitor da , Mendes Georgiana Adalgiza Morais , Calado Larissa Bezerra , Soares Francisco Igo Leite , Oliveira Auris Martins de , Almeida Léo César Parente de , Santos Marco Aurélio Oliveira , Valdevino Rosângela Queiroz Souza
Published: August 2019

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar as variações nos custos dos postos de combustíveis após a implementação do projeto do selo verde, proposto pelo Ministério Público do Rio Grande do Norte (MP/RN). Para contemplar esta finalidade, verificou-se as informações sobre investimentos realizados, para a adequação e obtenção da certificação, além da depreciação dos mesmos. Esta pesquisa configura-se como descritiva por observar, registrar, analisar e ordenar os fatos, sem manipulá-los, isto é, sem interferir neles. A investigação de campo transcorreu entre janeiro e março de 2016, nos postos de combustíveis da capital do Rio Grande do Norte, sendo a população formada pelo diretor ou gerente geral das empresas. Quanto à abordagem do problema, o percurso de pesquisa utilizado foi o método qualitativo, pelo fato de se tratar de uma sequência de atividades de investigação, a qual envolve a redução dos dados, a sua categoria, sua interpretação e a redação do relatório de acordo com o objeto de pesquisa da análise. Verificou-se que, apesar do valor em aquisições, ao qual variou entre R$200.000,00 e R$1.000.000,00, ser muito alto e do baixo retorno alcançado até a conclusão desta pesquisa, os respondentes acreditam que a médio e longo prazo haverá uma resposta positiva à certificação, uma vez que em suas interpretações e visões de oportunidade, o selo verde além de agregar valor mercadológico aos postos de combustíveis inseridos no processo, os estabelecimentos estarão preparados para enfrentar desafios futuros nos aspectos econômicos, sociais e ambientais.
Avaliação da qualidade de água: concepção hidrossanitária da Bacia do Rio do Campo, Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Silva Paulo Sergio da , Cagni Gilsemara dos Santos , Lizama Maria de los Angeles Perez , Gonçalves José Eduardo
Published: August 2019

O Rio do Campo é responsável por 80% do abastecimento público do município de Campo Mourão (PR). Sua área compreende, aproximadamente, 170km². O uso do solo no entorno da bacia é predominado pela agricultura, com culturas anuais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a qualidade da água por meio dos parâmetros físicos, químicos, microbiológicos e determinação dos índices de qualidade da água (IQA) e estado trófico (IET), da bacia do rio do Campo, além da identificação e quantificação de agroquímicos por cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (CG/EM). Foram selecionados 3 pontos de coleta a montante da captação, um ponto no perímetro urbano e dois a jusante. Os resultados obtidos nas análises físico, químico, microbiológico, DBO, nitrogênio e fósforo totais, classificou a água bruta do rio do Campo (na extensão analisada) em função do IQA como ruim e IET como mesotrófico. As análises de 29 agroquímicos por CG/EM, para as amostras de águas coletadas nos seis pontos, mostraram a presença desses analitos em 16 amostras das 30 analisadas, sendo que 17 agroquímicos foram detectados abaixo da faixa de concentração mínima 0,01μg/L-1 (Alaclor, Aldrin, Atrazina, Clordano, DDD, DDE, DDT, Diedrin, Endrin, Endossulfan α, Endossulfan β, Heptacloro, Heptacloro epóxido, Lindano, Metalocloro, Pendimetalina e Permetrina) e 10 quantificados (Aldrin, DDD, DDE, Diedrin, Endossulfan α, Endrin, Heptacloro, Heptacloro epóxido, Metalocloro e Permetrina). A presença destes agroquímicos na bacia do rio do Campo podem comprometer a vida aquática e afetar a saúde humana, uma vez que estes compostos são considerados poluentes orgânicos persistentes com elevado tempo de degradação. Assim, um monitoramento frequente da qualidade da água e das atividades desenvolvidas no entorno devem ser realizadas, para possibilitar maior conservação hídrica.
Diagnóstico temporal e espacial da qualidade da água superficial em uma microbacia urbana
Authors: Oliveira Eduarda da Conceição , Costa Karytany Ulian Dalla , Reis Wilhan Douglas dos , Santos Aldecy de Almeida , Silva Welitom Ttatom Pereira da
Published: August 2019

O desenvolvimento urbano e a ocupação desordenada do solo provocam alterações tanto na quantidade, quanto na qualidade dos recursos hídricos em uma bacia hidrográfica. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo consiste na caracterização da variação sazonal e espacial da qualidade da água superficial do Córrego Fortaleza, situado no município de Cuiabá (MT). O monitoramento foi realizado em três pontos de coleta: Nascente, Meio e Exutório. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente, entre junho/2017 e março/2018, nos períodos de seca e chuva. São apresentados os resultados obtidos ao longo do tempo para os seguintes parâmetros físicos, químicos e microbiológicos: Temperatura, Sólidos Totais Dissolvidos (STD), Condutividade Elétrica (CE), pH, Oxigênio Dissolvido (OD), Cor Verdadeira, Turbidez, Sólidos Totais, Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO5), Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO), Alcalinidade, Nitrito, Nitrato, Nitrogênio Total, Fósforo Total, Coliformes Totais (CT) e Escherichia coli. Os dados foram tratados estatisticamente, de forma descritiva com o auxílio do software de análise de dados ‘R’ e com a aplicação da correlação de Pearson. Para a classificação da qualidade da água nos pontos analisados, realizou-se o cálculo do Índice de Qualidade da Água (IQA-CETESB). Os resultados demonstraram a influência da sazonalidade principalmente sobre os parâmetros Cor Verdadeira, DBO5, Nitrogênio Total, Fósforo Total, e Escherichia coli. As fortes correlações entre STDxCE e CTxE. coli ratificam a as alterações na qualidade da água advindas de atividades antrópicas na microbacia. Por fim, o IQA-CETESB classificou a qualidade do ponto Nascente como ‘razoável’ e dos pontos Meio e Exutório como ‘ruim’, apontando que a água superficial do Córrego Fortaleza se encontra seriamente alterada devido, principalmente, ao processo de uso e ocupação inadequados do solo.
Acervo de poesias
Authors: Carvalho Aluísio Vasconcelos
Published: August 2019

Acervo de poesias composto pelas seguintes: Poesia intitulada â€œO Novo Paradigma Emergenteâ€, sem data de escrita determinada; Poesia intitulada â€œUma Maneira de Pedir Fique Comigo!â€, sem data de escrita determinada.
Aprendizagem em/na rede: comunidades virtuais de aprendizagem em blogs
Authors: Brandalise Scherer Bassani Patrícia , Souza Fritz Rosi
Published: August 2019

Os blogs consistem em suportes para a comunicação mediada por computador, permitindo a interação, a colaboração e a socialização on-line, caracterizando-se como espaços virtuais que possibilitam a constituição de comunidades virtuais. No contexto educacional, constituem importante recurso para escrita coletiva e aprendizagem colaborativa, oportunizando a comunicação e o trabalho em grupo, promovendo o processo de autoria na internet. Estudos atuais apontam que a aprendizagem on-line acontece por meio das comunidades virtuais de aprendizagem. A partir dessa perspectiva, este estudo busca investigar a formação de comunidades virtuais de aprendizagem em blogs, tendo sido realizado a partir da análise da interação por meio das trocas de comentários e links postados em um blog. Os resultados apontam as especificidades de uma comunidade virtual de aprendizagem e o potencial da ferramenta blog para a aprendizagem colaborativa na internet.
Effect of coral reef restoration on demersal biodiversity in Okinawa, Japan
Authors: Biondi Piera , Masucci Giovanni D , Reimer James D
Published: August 2019

Global climate change is leading to damage and loss of coral reef ecosystems. On subtropical Okinawa Island in southwestern Japan, the prefectural government is working on coral reef restoration by outplanting coral colonies from family Acroporidae back to reefs after initially farming colonies inside protected nurseries. In this study we evaluated the ongoing restoration efforts by comparing outplanted locations with nearby control locations with no restoration activity. We examined 3 sites on the coast of Onna Village on the west coast of the island; each site included an outplanted and control location. We used 1) coral rubble sampling to evaluate and compare abundance and diversity of rubble cryptofauna; and 2) coral reef monitoring using photograph transects to track live coral coverage. Results showed that rubble shape had a positive correlation with the numbers of animals found within rubble themselves and may therefore constitute a reliable abundance predictor. Outplanted locations did not show differences with the controls in rubble cryptofauna abundance, but had significantly lower coral coverage. Differences between sites were significant, for both rubble cryptofauna and coral coverage.We recommend; 1) to evaluate outplanting colonies from more stress-resistant genera in place of Acropora, 2) to conduct regular surveys to monitor the situation closely, and 3) to establish conservation and sustainable practices that could aid restoration efforts, reducing coral mortality of both outplanted and native colonies.
Activation mechanism of the insulin receptor revealed by cryo-EM structure of the fully liganded receptor–ligand complex
Authors: Uchikawa Emiko , Choi Eunhee , Shang Guijun , Yu Hongtao , Bai Xiao-chen
Published: August 2019

Insulin signaling controls metabolic homeostasis. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of full-length insulin receptor (IR) and insulin complex in the active state. This structure unexpectedly reveals that maximally four insulins can bind the ‘T’-shaped IR dimer at four distinct sites related by 2-fold symmetry. Insulins 1 and 1’ bind to sites 1 and 1’, formed by L1 of one IR protomer and α-CT and FnIII-1 of the other. Insulins 2 and 2’ bind to sites 2 and 2’ on FnIII-1 of each protomer. Mutagenesis and cellular assays show that both sites 1 and 2 are required for optimal insulin binding and IR activation. We further identify a homotypic FnIII-2–FnIII-2 interaction in mediating the dimerization of membrane proximal domains in the active IR dimer. Our results indicate that binding of multiple insulins at two distinct types of sites disrupts the autoinhibited apo-IR dimer and stabilizes the active dimer.
Estimating the phylogeny of geoemydid turtles (Cryptodira) from landmark data: an assessment of different methods
Authors: Ascarrunz Eduardo , Claude Julien , Joyce Walter G.
Published: August 2019

Background

In the last 20 years, a general picture of the evolutionary relationships between geoemydid turtles (ca. 70 species distributed over the Northern hemisphere) has emerged from the analysis of molecular data. However, there is a paucity of good traditional morphological characters that correlate with the phylogeny, which are essential for the robust integration of fossil and molecular data. Part of this problem might be due to intrinsic limitations of traditional discrete characters. Here, we explore the use of continuous data in the form of 3D coordinates of homologous landmarks on the turtle shell for phylogenetic inference and the phylogenetic placement of single species on a scaffold molecular tree. We focus on the performance yielded by sampling the carapace and/or plastral lobes and using various phylogenetic methods.

Methods

We digitised the landmark coordinates of the carapace and plastron of 42 and 46 extant geoemydid species, respectively. The configurations were superimposed and we estimated the phylogenetic tree of geoemydids with landmark analysis under parsimony, traditional Farris parsimony, unweighted squared-change parsimony, maximum likelihood with a Brownian motion model, and neighbour-joining on a matrix of pairwise Procrustes distances. We assessed the performance of those analyses by comparing the trees against a reference phylogeny obtained from seven molecular markers. For comparisons between trees we used difference measures based on quartets and splits. We used the same reference tree to evaluate phylogenetic placement performance by a leave-one-out validation procedure.

Results

Whatever method we used, similarity to the reference phylogeny was low. The carapace alone gave slightly better results than the plastron or the complete shell. Assessment of the potential for placement of single species on the reference tree with landmark data gave much better results, with similar accuracy and higher precision compared to the performance of discrete characters with parsimony.
Efeito residual de clethodim aplicado em pré-semeadura do milho
Authors: Becker Andreos Dos Santos , Placido Henrique Fabricio , Albrecht Leandro Paiola , Albrecht Alfredo Junior Paiola , Dos Santos Weslei Gomes
Published: August 2019

O Brasil é um dos poucos países onde é possível realizar mais de uma safra no mesmo ano agrícola, sendo a sucessão soja-milho praticada por grande parte dos produtores. Este sistema cultural proporcionou a seleção de plantas daninhas resistentes à herbicidas, principalmente pela utilização de herbicidas com mesmo mecanismo de ação em sucessivos cultivos. Neste cenário, novas estratégias de manejo devem ser adotadas, como aplicações de herbicidas em pré-semeadura do milho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de períodos de aplicação de clethodim em pré-semeadura, sobre a emergência e desenvolvimento inicial de híbridos de milho. Para tal, avaliou-se o efeito residual de clethodim sobre híbridos 2B810 Power Core, Status Viptera 3, Dekalb 340 VT PRO2 com aplicação de clethodim 196,80 g L-1 i.a. aos 15, 10, 5, 3 e 1 dias antecedendo a semeadura (DAS) do milho e uma testemunha sem aplicação. As variáveis analisadas foram: emergência, altura de plantas, índice de clorofila falker, diâmetro de colmo, acúmulo de matéria fresca e seca. A aplicação de clethodim 1 dia antecedendo a semeadura afetou negativamente a emergência e o desenvolvimento inicial dos híbridos de milho avaliados. Os híbridos apresentaram suscetibilidade diferencial ao residual de clethodim para as variáveis emergência, acúmulo de matéria fresca e acúmulo de matéria seca.
Seletividade de herbicidas na cultura do cártamo
Authors: Krenchinski Fábio Henrique , Pereira Vinicius Gabriel Caneppele , Giovanelli Bruno Flaibam , Mattiuzzi Mateus Dalpubel , Albrecht Alfredo Junior Paiola , Wagner Felipe Gustavo
Published: August 2019

O cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.) é uma planta oleaginosa que apresenta elevado potencial de cultivo no Brasil. O controle das plantas daninhas na cultura é essencial para proteger o seu potencial produtivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em pré-plantio incorporado (PPI), pré-plantio (PRÉ) e pós-emergência (PÓS) do cártamo. Ao todo, três estudos foram instalados em casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Os herbicidas avaliados para aplicação em PPI (Experimento I) foram: diclosulam, metribuzin, pendimethalin e trifluralin; para aplicação em PRÉ (Experimento II) foram utilizados os herbicidas: 2,4-D, ametryn+clomazone, atrazine, carfentrazone, carfentrazone + sulfrentrazone, clomazone, diclosulam, flumioxazin, imazaqin, imazethapyr, isoxaflutole, lactofen, mesotrione, metribuzin, metsulfuron - methyl, pendimethalin, saflufenacil, s-metolachlor, sulfrentrazone e trifluralin e, para a aplicação em PÓS (Experimento III) foram avaliados: ametryn+clomazone, atrazine, bentazon, bentazon + imazamox, carfentrazone, chlorimuron, clethodim + fenoxaprop, clethodim, clodinafop, floroxypyr, fluazifop+fomesafen, fluazifopP, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluroxipir, fomesafen, foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron, haloxyfop, imazethapyr, iodosulfuron, lactofen, mesotrione, nicosulfuron, tembotrione e tepraloxydim), comparados com a testemunha sem aplicação. A fitotoxicidade foi avaliada aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após aplicação (DAA), usando a escala percentual de zero a 100, e a massa fresca e seca foram obtidas aos 35 DAA. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e, as médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p≤0,05). O herbicida trifluralin apresenta seletividade a cultura do cártamo nas modalidades de PPI e PRÉ, enquanto que cletodim, fluazifop-p-butyl e haloxifope-p-metílico são seletivos para aplicação em PÓS.
Determinants of Adoption Rate of Rice Production Technologies Introduced by Agricultural Research Outreach Centres (AROCs) by Farmers in Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: Yusuf N. , Salau E. , Girei A. A.
Published: August 2019

The study assessed the determinants of adoption rate of rice production technologies introduced by Agricultural Research Outreach Centres in Nigeria. Data were collected using a multi-sampling technique. Data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. Results revealed that respondents’ mean age was 50 years; level of formal education of farmers was low and farm size was 2.5ha on the average. Age, farming experience, years of schooling and number of extension visits were the socioeconomic determinants affecting rate of adoption. It was recommended that more villages should be selected with partnership between government and the private sector in order to cover more grounds and increase the rate of adoption of new technologies. Also, government and relevant stakeholders should prioritize establishment of the best extension teaching methods and systems as well as administration to help increase adoption rate of innovations and sustainability of the use of these technologies over time.
RETRACTED: Long noncoding RNA ZNF667‐AS1 reduces tumor invasion and metastasis in cervical cancer by counteracting microRNA‐93‐3p‐dependent PEG3 downregulation
Authors: Li Yong‐Jie , Yang Zhe , Wang Yi‐Ying , Wang Yue
Published: August 2019

Zinc finger protein 667‐antisense RNA 1 (ZNF667‐AS1), located on human chromosome 19q13.43, is a member of the C2H2 zinc finger protein family. Herein, we aimed to analyze the interactions between ZNF667‐AS1, microRNA‐93‐3p (miR‐93‐3p), and paternally expressed gene 3 (PEG3) and to explore their roles in the tumorigenesis of cervical cancer (CC). Differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs and miRNAs related to CC were determined using gene expression datasets sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Subsequently, the regulatory relationships between ZNF667‐AS1 and miR‐93‐3p and between miR‐93‐3p and PEG3 were identified using the dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. In addition, the expression of miR‐93‐3p and ZNF667‐AS1 was up‐ or downregulated in CC cells (HeLa), in order to assess their effects on cell cycle distribution and cell invasion in vitro, and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. MiR‐93‐3p was found to be highly expressed, while ZNF667‐AS1 and PEG3 were poorly expressed in CC. ZNF667‐AS1 could competitively bind to miR‐93‐3p, which targeted PEG3. In addition, miR‐93‐3p downregulation and ZNF667‐AS1 overexpression led to increased expression of PEG3, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, and p16 and decreased expression of cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and ‐9. MiR‐93‐3p inhibition and ZNF667‐AS1 elevation also inhibited cell cycle entry and cell invasion in vitro, but repressed tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. These key findings demonstrated that upregulation of ZNF667‐AS1 could suppress the progression of CC via the modulation of miR‐93‐3p‐dependent PEG3, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CC.
Characterization of an intertidal zone metagenome oligoribonuclease and the role of the intermolecular disulfide bond for homodimer formation and nuclease activity
Authors: Piotrowski Yvonne , Berg Kristel , Klebl David Paul , Leiros Ingar , Larsen Atle Noralf
Published: August 2019

The gene encoding MG Orn has been identified from a metagenomic library created from the intertidal zone in Svalbard and encodes a protein of 184 amino acid residues. The mg orn gene has been cloned, recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified to homogeneity. Biochemical characterization of the enzyme showed that it efficiently degrades short RNA oligonucleotide substrates of 2mer to 10mer of length and has an absolute requirement for divalent cations for optimal activity. The enzyme is more heat‐labile than its counterpart from E. coli and exists as a homodimer in solution. The crystal structure of the enzyme has been determined to a resolution of 3.15 Å, indicating an important role of a disulfide bridge for the homodimer formation and as such for the function of MG Orn. Substitution of the Cys110 residue with either Gly or Ala hampered the dimer formation and severely affected the enzyme's ability to act on RNA. A conserved loop containing His128‐Tyr129‐Arg130 in the neighboring monomer is probably involved in efficient binding and processing of longer RNA substrates than diribonucleotides.
Transcription factor Six2 induces a stem cell‐like phenotype in renal cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Cheng Na , Li Hongjuan , Han Yan , Sun Shuzhen
Published: August 2019

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 2–3% of adult malignant tumors, and the incidence of RCC worldwide has increased by about 2% over the past two decades. The homeobox protein Six2 has been shown to promote the stemness of breast cancer cells and play a role in kidney development, but its involvement in RCC progression has not previously been investigated. Here, we found that six2 expression was significantly increased in RCC tissues and negatively correlated with the overall survival of patients with RCC. In addition, six2 expression exhibited a remarkably higher level relative to that in normal renal cells. Functional experiments showed that six2 knockdown attenuated the stemness of RCC cells, which was evident by decreased spheroid formation ability and stemness marker (sox2 and nanog) expression. Mechanistic studies indicated that Six2 directly bound to the enhancer of sox2, promoting sox2 expression and downstream effector expression of nanog. Furthermore, overexpression of sox2 rescued the inhibitory effects of six2 on the stemness of RCC cells. Notably, six2 expression is positively correlated with sox2 and nanog expression in RCC tissues. Collectively, our results point toward a six2/sox2 axis responsible for RCC cell stemness.
Integrated systems‐genetic analyses reveal a network target for delaying glioma progression
Authors: Laaniste Liisi , Srivastava Prashant K. , Stylianou Julianna , Syed Nelofer , Cases‐Cunillera Silvia , Shkura Kirill , Zeng Qingyu , Rackham Owen J. L. , Langley Sarah R. , Delahaye-Duriez Andree , O'Neill Kevin , Williams Matthew , Becker Albert , Roncaroli Federico , Petretto Enrico , Johnson Michael R.
Published: August 2019

Objective

To identify a convergent, multitarget proliferation characteristic for astrocytoma transformation that could be targeted for therapy discovery.

Methods

Using an integrated functional genomics approach, we prioritized networks associated with astrocytoma progression using the following criteria: differential co‐expression between grade II and grade IIIIDH1‐mutated and 1p/19q euploid astrocytomas, preferential enrichment for genetic risk to cancer, association with patient survival and sample‐level genomic features. Drugs targeting the identified multitarget network characteristic for astrocytoma transformation were computationally predicted using drug transcriptional perturbation data and validated using primary human astrocytoma cells.

Results

A single network, M2, consisting of 177 genes, was associated with glioma progression on the basis of the above criteria. Functionally, M2 encoded physically interacting proteins regulating cell cycle processes and analysis of genome‐wide gene‐regulatory interactions using mutual information and DNA–protein interactions revealed the known regulators of cell cycle processes FoxM1, B‐Myb, and E2F2 as key regulators of M2. These results suggest functional disruption of M2 via gene mutation or altered expression as a convergent pathway regulating astrocytoma transformation. By considering M2 as a multitarget drug target regulating astrocytoma transformation, we identified several drugs that are predicted to restore M2 expression in anaplastic astrocytoma toward its low‐grade profile and of these, we validated the known antiproliferative drug resveratrol as down‐regulating multiple nodes of M2 including at nanomolar concentrations achievable in human cerebrospinal fluid by oral dosing.

Interpretation

Our results identify M2 as a multitarget network characteristic for astrocytoma progression and encourage M2‐based drug screening to identify new compounds for preventing glioma transformation.
Performance of Administrative Algorithms to Identify Interstitial Lung Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: England Bryant R. , Roul Punyasha , Mahajan Tina D. , Singh Namrata , Yu Fang , Sayles Harlan , Cannon Grant W. , Sauer Brian C. , Baker Joshua F. , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Mikuls Ted R.
Published: August 2019

Objective

To determine the performance of administrative‐based algorithms for classifying interstitial lung disease (ILD) complicating rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

Participants in a large, multicenter RA registry were screened for ILD using codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9) and the ICD‐10. Medical record review confirmed ILD among participants screening positive and a random sample of those screening negative. ICD and procedure codes, provider specialty, and dates were extracted from Veterans Affairs administrative data to construct ILD algorithms. Performance of these algorithms against medical record review was assessed by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value, and kappa using inverse probability weighting to account for sampling methods.

Results

Medical records of 536 RA patients were reviewed, confirming 182 (stringent definition) and 203 (relaxed definition) cases of ILD. Initially, we identified ≥2 ICD codes from inpatient or outpatient encounters as optimal discriminating factors (specificity 96.0%, PPV 65.5%; κ = 0.70). Subsequently, we constructed a set of ICD‐9 and ICD‐10 codes that improved algorithm specificity (specificity 96.8%, PPV 69.5%; κ = 0.72). Algorithms that included a pulmonologist diagnosis or chest computed tomography plus pulmonary function testing or lung biopsy had improved performance (specificity 98.0%, PPV 77.4%; κ = 0.75). PPV increased with exclusion of other ILD causes (78.5%) in comparison with the relaxed ILD definition (82.4%) and in sensitivity analyses (83.4–86.3%). Gains in specificity and PPV with greater algorithm requirements were accompanied by declines in sensitivity.

Conclusion

Administrative algorithms with optimal combinations of ICD codes, provider specialty, diagnostic testing, and exclusion of other ILD causes accurately classify ILD in RA.
Safety and Effectiveness of Adalimumab in Patients With Polyarticular Course of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: STRIVE Registry Seven‐Year Interim Results
Authors: Brunner Hermine I. , Nanda Kabita , Toth Mary , Foeldvari Ivan , Bohnsack John , Milojevic Diana , Rabinovich C. Egla , Kingsbury Daniel J. , Marzan Katherine , Chalom Elizabeth , Horneff Gerd , Kuester Rolf‐Michael , Dare Jason A. , Trachana Maria , Jung Lawrence K. , Olson Judyann , Minden Kirsten , Quartier Pierre , Bereswill Mareike , Kalabic Jasmina , Kupper Hartmut , Lovell Daniel J. , Martini Alberto , Ruperto Nicolino ,   for the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation, and the Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group
Published: August 2019

Objective

To evaluate safety and effectiveness of adalimumab (ADA) in polyarticular‐course juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in the STRIVE registry.

Methods

STRIVE enrolled patients with polyarticular‐course JIA into 2 arms based on treatment with methotrexate (MTX) alone or ADA with/without MTX (ADA ± MTX). Adverse events (AEs) per 100 patient‐years of observation time were analyzed by registry arm. Patients who entered the registry within 4 weeks of starting MTX or ADA ± MTX, defined as new users, were evaluated for change in disease activity assessed by the 27‐joint Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score with the C‐reactive protein level (JADAS‐27CRP).

Results

At the 7‐year cutoff date (June 1, 2016), data from 838 patients were available (MTX arm n = 301, ADA ± MTX arm n = 537). The most common AEs were nausea (10.3%), sinusitis (4.7%), and vomiting (4.3%) in the MTX arm and arthritis (3.9%), upper respiratory tract infection (3.5%), sinusitis, tonsillitis, and injection site pain (3.0% each) in the ADA ± MTX arm. Rates of serious infection were 1.5 events/100 patient‐years in the MTX arm and 2.0 events/100 patient‐years in the ADA ± MTX arm. AE and serious AE rates were similar in patients receiving ADA with versus without MTX. No deaths or malignancies were reported. New users in the ADA ± MTX arm showed a trend toward lower mean JADAS‐27CRP compared with new users in the MTX arm in the first year of STRIVE.

Conclusion

The STRIVE registry 7‐year interim results support the idea that ADA ± MTX is well tolerated by most children. Registry median ADA exposure was 2.47 (interquartile range 1.0–3.6) years, with 42% of patients continuing ADA at the 7‐year cutoff date.
Associations Between Ultrasound‐Detected Synovitis, Pain, and Function in Interphalangeal and Thumb Base Osteoarthritis: Data From the Nor‐Hand Cohort
Authors: Fjellstad Caroline M. , Mathiessen Alexander , Slatkowsky-Christensen Barbara , Kvien Tore K. , Hammer Hilde B. , Haugen Ida K.
Published: August 2019

Objective

To explore whether ultrasound‐detected gray‐scale synovitis and power Doppler activity in the interphalangeal and first carpometacarpal (CMC1) joints are associated with pain and physical function in patients with hand osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

A total of 290 patients with hand OA underwent an ultrasound examination of the bilateral interphalangeal and CMC1 joints. Using logistic regression analyses with generalized estimating equations, we examined whether grade 0–3 gray‐scale synovitis and power Doppler activity were associated with pain in the same joint. Using linear regression analyses, we examined whether the degree of inflammation was associated with numeric rating scale and Australian/Canadian (AUSCAN) Osteoarthritis Hand Index hand pain, AUSCAN physical function, and grip strength scores. Analyses were made separately for interphalangeal and CMC1 joints, and adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, psychosocial factors, use of analgesics, and presence of osteophytes.

Results

At joint level, increasing gray‐scale synovitis severity was associated with higher odds of pain upon palpation in both the interphalangeal (grade 2–3; odds ratio [OR] 3.17 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.35, 4.28]) and CMC1 joints (grade 2–3; OR 4.40 [95% CI 2.10, 9.24]). Similar associations were found for power Doppler activity and joint pain in the previous 24 hours and 6 weeks. Power Doppler activity in CMC1 was also related to overall hand pain/physical function and lower grip strength.

Conclusion

Inflammation in both the interphalangeal and CMC1 joints was associated with pain in the same joint. However, associations with hand pain, reduced physical function, and lower grip strength were only present for inflammation in the CMC1 joints, suggesting that lowering CMC1 inflammation is an important treatment target.
Factors Associated With Use of Telemedicine for Follow‐up of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ferucci Elizabeth D. , Holck Peter , Day Gretchen M. , Choromanski Tammy L. , Freeman Sarah L.
Published: August 2019

Objective

Telemedicine is increasingly being offered to patients for rheumatology care, but few studies have examined factors associated with telemedicine use or outcomes of telemedicine in rheumatology. The objective of this analysis was to determine factors associated with the use of video telemedicine when offered as part of usual care for follow‐up of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

Individuals in the Alaska Tribal Health System with a diagnosis of RA were recruited when seeing a rheumatologist either in‐person or by video telemedicine, both of which were offered as part of usual care. At the study visit, participants completed the Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID3) and a telemedicine perception survey and agreed to a medical record review for demographics and disease characteristics. Data from this visit were analyzed to determine factors associated with using telemedicine for RA, compared to being seen in‐person only.

Results

Of 122 participants enrolled in the study, 56 (46%) had been seen by telemedicine at least once. Factors associated with telemedicine use in univariate analysis included a higher RAPID3 score, a higher number of rheumatologist visits in the preceding year, more positive perceptions of telemedicine, and seeing a physician who used telemedicine more often. On multivariate analysis, these 4 factors all remained significant. Demographic and other disease‐related factors or comorbidities were not associated with telemedicine use.

Conclusion

When offered as an option for rheumatology care, video telemedicine was more likely to be used by RA patients with higher disease activity and more positive perceptions of telemedicine, and by patients whose physicians used telemedicine more often.