bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Importance of locking plate positioning in proximal humeral fractures as predicted by computer simulations
Authors: Fletcher James W.A. , Windolf Markus , Richards R. Geoff , Gueorguiev Boyko , Buschbaum Jan , Varga Peter
Published: January 2019

Multifragmented proximal humeral fractures frequently require operative fixation. The locking plates commonly used are often placed relative to the greater tuberosity, however no quantitative data exists regarding the effect of positional changes. The aim of the study was to establish the effects from variations in proximal‐distal PHILOS humeral plate positioning on predicted fixation failure risk. Twenty‐one left‐sided low‐density virtual humeri models were created with a simulation framework from CT data of elderly donors and osteotomized to mimic an unstable three‐part malreduced AO/OTA 11‐B3.2 fracture with medial comminution. A PHILOS plate with either four or six proximal screws was used for fixation. Both configurations were modelled with plate repositioning 2 and 4 mm distally and proximally to its baseline position. Applying a validated computational model, three physiological loading situations were simulated and fixation failure predicted using average strain around the proximal screws—an outcome established as a surrogate for cycles to failure. Varying the craniocaudal plate position affected the peri‐implant strain for both four and six‐screw configurations. Even though significant changes were seen only in the latter, all tests suggested that more proximal plate positioning results in decreased peri‐screw strains whereas distalizing creates increases in strain. These results suggest that even a small distal PHILOS plate malpositioning may reduce fixation stability. Plate distalization increases the probability of being unable to insert all screws within the humeral head, which dramatically increases the forces acting on the remaining screws. Proximal plate shifting may be beneficial, especially for constructs employing calcar screws. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Effect of interface mechanical discontinuities on scaffold‐cartilage integration
Authors: Yodmuang Supansa , Guo Hongqiang , Brial Caroline , Warren Russell F. , Torzilli Peter A. , Chen Tony , Maher Suzanne A.
Published: January 2019

A consistent lack of lateral integration between scaffolds and adjacent articular cartilage has been exhibited in vitro and in vivo. Given the mismatch in mechanical properties between scaffolds and articular cartilage, the mechanical discontinuity that occurs at the interface has been implicated as a key factor, but remains inadequately studied. Our objective was to investigate how the mechanical environment within a mechanically loaded scaffold‐cartilage construct might affect integration. We hypothesized that the magnitude of the mechanical discontinuity at the scaffold‐cartilage interface would be related to decreased integration. To test this hypothesis, chondrocyte seeded scaffolds were embedded into cartilage explants, pre‐cultured for 14 days, and then mechanically loaded for 28 days at either 1N or 6N of applied load. Constructs were kept either peripherally confined or unconfined throughout the duration of the experiment. Stress, strain, fluid flow, and relative displacements at the cartilage‐scaffold interface and within the scaffold were quantified using biphasic, inhomogeneous finite element models (bFEMs). The bFEMs indicated compressive and shear stress discontinuities occurred at the scaffold‐cartilage interface for the confined and unconfined groups. The mechanical strength of the scaffold‐cartilage interface and scaffold GAG content were higher in the radially confined 1N loaded groups. Multivariate regression analyses identified the strength of the interface prior to the commencement of loading and fluid flow within the scaffold as the main factors associated with scaffold‐cartilage integration. Our study suggests a minimum level of scaffold‐cartilage integration is needed prior to the commencement of loading, although the exact threshold has yet to be identified. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Influence of the ethylene‐related signal‐inhibiting octapeptide NOP‐1 on postharvest ripening and quality of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples
Authors: Klein Simone , Fiebig Antje , Neuwald Daniel , Dluhosch Dominik , Müller Lena , Groth Georg , Noga Georg , Hunsche Mauricio
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Processes extending the shelf life of climacteric fruit play an important role in terms of a sustainable global food supply. In a previous study, a synthetic octapeptide (NOP‐1) was shown to inhibit the interaction between ethylene receptor (ETR) and ethylene insensitive‐2 (EIN2), and in consequence delay tomato ripening. We investigated for the first time the effect of NOP‐1 on inhibiting the ripening of apples (‘Golden Delicious’) during postharvest.

RESULTS

Using purified recombinant proteins from a bacterial expression system, we demonstrate here that EIN2 also interacts tightly (Kd = 136 ± 29 nmol L−1) with the corresponding apple ETR MdETR1. In line with previous binding studies on tomato ETRs, the ripening‐delaying peptide NOP‐1 clearly binds to the purified apple ETR. An NOP‐1 solution (1000 µmol L−1) was applied with a brush or microdispenser and compared with apples treated with 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) (SmartFresh™, Agrofresh) applied as gaseous treatment or untreated control fruits. NOP‐1 inhibited colour development and chlorophyll degradation during shelf life. These effects were more pronounced with the brush application (surface film) than with microdroplets application (mimicking a sprayable formulation). NOP‐1 did not alter ethylene release or respiration rate, whereas 1‐MCP expectedly strongly suppressed both. There were no differences in quality parameters evaluated.

CONCLUSION

Our study shows that NOP‐1 binds to MdETR1 which results in delaying of ethylene‐dependent ripening developments of skin colour and chlorophyll. Besides application methods, possible reasons for the weak effect of NOP‐1 in comparison with previous tomato experiments could be different receptor affinity and penetration differences. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of Ultrasound‐Guided Right Brachiocephalic and Right Subclavian Vein Cannulation in Adult Patients
Authors: Sun Xingwei , Bai Xuming , Cheng Long , Gu Xingshi , Xia Rui , Du Xiaolong , Shi Jianming , Chen Qian , Jin Yong
Published: January 2019

Objectives

To compare ultrasound‐guided right brachiocephalic vein (BCV) central venous catheter (CVC) placement to right subclavian vein (SCV) CVC insertion in terms of the puncture success rate and complications.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed for all adult patients who received an ultrasound‐guided CVC via the right BCV or right SCV access route between January 2016 and March 2018. The puncture success rates and procedure‐related complications were analyzed.

Results

Data were analyzed from 755 adult patients who underwent 915 CVC insertions. The overall success rate was higher in the BCV group compared to that in the SCV group (98.99% versus 96.87%; P = .019). The first‐attempt success rate was higher in the BCV group compared to that in the SCV group (96.64% versus 89.34%; P < .001). Intraoperative complications were observed in 16 cases in the BCV group (2.68%) and in 12 cases in the SCV group (3.76%). The incidence rates of postprocedure complications were 5.20% in the BCV group and 6.58% in the SCV group and included catheter‐related infections and thrombosis.

Conclusions

Ultrasound‐guided cannulation of the right BCV is an effective and safe method for CVC placement in adult patients and provides an additional option for catheter access.
Contrast‐Enhanced Colosonography for the Evaluation of Children With an Imperforate Anus
Authors: Chow Jeanne S. , Paltiel Harriet J. , Padua Horacio M. , McNamara Erin , Dickie Belinda H.
Published: January 2019

This case series describes a novel method for showing the preoperative anatomy of children with anorectal malformations using ultrasound contrast, which we have termed “contrast‐enhanced colosonography (ceCS).” Six patients with anorectal malformations without a perineal fistula were studied both by fluoroscopic distal colostography and ceCS, and their results were confirmed surgically. Contrast‐enhanced CS precisely showed the complex anatomic relationships in all cases. Compared to traditional fluoroscopic studies, ceCS has the benefit of no associated ionizing radiation and thus is safer for children.
Comparison of balance outcomes according to treatment modality of vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Kim Gaeun , Hullar Timothy E. , Seo Jae‐Hyun
Published: January 2019

Objectives

We sought to compare balance outcomes according to treatment modality of vestibular schwannoma (VS) via a meta‐analysis that divided measuring tools of balance outcomes into three categories based on type.

Methods

A comprehensive review of the literature from January 1966 to September 2017 was performed, looking for studies about long‐term balance outcomes after microsurgery (MS), radiotherapy (RT), or observation for VS. A comprehensive meta‐analysis was used to analyze effect sizes, explore possible causes of heterogeneity, and check publication bias with a funnel plot and Egger's regression.

Results

Among 633 references, 34 were included in the meta‐analysis. Perceived dizziness improvement rate was significantly higher in the MS group than in the RT group (odds ratio [OR]: 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08 to 2.40; P < .05, I2 = 4.18], but no significant difference was observed between the two groups with regard to validated dizziness questionnaire score (standardized mean difference: 0.04; 95% CI: −0.36 to 0.44; P = .84, I2 = 69.61) or dizziness or disequilibrium‐related symptom incidence rate (OR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.50 to 1.68; P = .77, I2 = 0). In a subanalysis conducted within the groups after intervention, the MS group demonstrated a lower vertigo incidence rate (P < .001), and the RT group experienced a significant reduction in validated dizziness questionnaire score (P < .05).

Conclusions

Our results indicate that MS should be considered at least equal to RT in regard to resolving long‐term dizziness and improving balance outcomes. Furthermore, well‐designed studies are necessary to predict balance outcomes after VS treatment and to choose from among possible treatment options.

Level of Evidence

2a Laryngoscope, 130:178–189, 2020
Marijuana Consumption in Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Serrano Rodriguez Pablo , Strassle Paula Diane , Barritt Alfred Sidney , Watkins Randall , Gerber David A. , Hayashi Paul Hideyo , Desai Chirag Sureshchandra
Published: January 2019

Marijuana is legalized for either medical or recreational use in over half of the states in the United States and in Canada, but many transplant centers will not list patients who are using marijuana. However, the effect of marijuana on transplant outcomes remains unclear. Thus, we performed a retrospective analysis of all adult (≥18 years old) liver transplant patients treated at our center between 2007 and 2017. Patients were grouped according to their marijuana use and tobacco smoking status. We also evaluated tobacco smoking status for the comparative evaluation. Posttransplant morbidity, mortality, and graft survival were evaluated. In total, 316 patients were included: 171 (54%) patients were tobacco smokers (70 current; 101 former), 81 (26%) patients were marijuana smokers (13 current; 68 former), and 64 (20#x0025;) patients were both marijuana and tobacco smokers. A total of 136 (43%) reported never smoking marijuana or tobacco. After adjustment, current tobacco users were over 3 times as likely to die within 5 years compared with never users (hazard ratio [HR], 3.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63‐6.46; P < 0.001), but no difference was seen between current/former and never marijuana users (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.26‐1.04; P = 0.06). No significant differences in inpatient respiratory complications, reintubation, or >24‐hour intubation was seen. Overall, pretransplant marijuana use, past or current, does not appear to impact liver transplant outcomes, though tobacco smoking remains detrimental.
The HDAC6‐selective inhibitor is effective against non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and synergizes with ibrutinib in follicular lymphoma
Authors: Lee Dong Hoon , Kim Go Woon , Kwon So Hee
Published: January 2019

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with genetic alterations of BCL‐2, KMT2B, and KMT6. FL is refractory to conventional chemotherapy and is still incurable in most patients. Thus, new drugs and/or novel combination treatment strategies are needed to further improve FL patient outcome. We investigated the efficacy of the histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitor A452 combined with a Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib on NHL and the underlying mechanisms compared with the current clinically tested HDAC6 inhibitor ACY‐1215. We first showed that FL is the most sensitive to HDAC6 inhibitor. We showed that combining A452 with ibrutinib led to the synergistic inhibition of cell growth and decreased viability of FL cells, as well as increased levels of apoptosis. Similar synergistic interactions occur in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and germinal center diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma cells (DLBCL). Enhanced cell death is associated with AKT and ERK1/2 inactivation and increased DNA damage (induction of γH2A.X and reduction of pChk1/2). In addition, A452 downregulates c‐Myc, an effect significantly enhanced by ibruninib. Although ACY‐1215 is less potent than A452, it displays synergism with ibrutinib. Overall, our results suggest that A452 is more effective as an anticancer agent than ACY‐1215 in FL. These findings suggest that a combination of HDAC6‐selective inhibitor and ibrutinib is a potent therapeutic strategy for NHL including FL.
EGFL6 promotes cell proliferation in colorectal cancer via regulation of the WNT/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Zhang Qing‐Wei , Zhang Xin‐Tian , Tang Chao‐Tao , Lin Xiao‐Lu , Ge Zhi‐Zheng , Li Xiao‐Bo
Published: January 2019

Epidermal growth factor‐like protein 6 (EGFL6) serves as an exocrine protein promoting proliferation and migration during carcinogenesis in ovarian cancer. However, its function and mechanisms in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been completely explored. To investigate the role of EGFL6 in CRC cell growth, in vitro CCK8, colony formation assays, flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle and apoptosis, and an in vivo tumor xenograft model were utilized. Additionally, Western blotting and luciferase reporter assays were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms of EGFL6 function on the WNT/β‐catenin signaling pathway. Immunohistochemical staining showed that EGFL6 is overexpressed in CRCs and this overexpression was highly correlated with advanced T classification, N classification, distant metastasis, and poor survival. Knocking down EGFL6 in CRC cell lines induced the inhibition of cell growth, cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and apoptosis. Further, knockdown of EGFL6 blocked WNT/β‐catenin signaling as measured by Western blotting and luciferase reporter assay. Results also showed that recombinant EGFL6 (rEGFL6) induced β‐catenin in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. Further experiments showed that administration of rEGFL6 to cell cultures with EGFL6 knocked down or treated with the WNT/β‐catenin inhibitor ICG‐001 increased β‐catenin and its downstream protein CyclinD1. The CCK8 assay showed that EGFL6 promoted CRC cell growth partly by the promotion of TCF7L2 expression. These findings suggest that EGFL6 plays a crucial role in the progression of CRC by regulation of the WNT/β‐catenin signaling pathway.
Transglutaminase 2 takes center stage as a cancer cell survival factor and therapy target
Authors: Eckert Richard L.
Published: January 2019

Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) has emerged as a key cancer cell survival factor that drives epithelial to mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, metastasis, inflammation, drug resistance, cancer stem cell survival and stemness, and invasion and migration. TG2 can exist in a GTP‐bound signaling‐active conformation or in a transamidase‐active conformation. The GTP bound conformation of TG2 contributes to cell survival and the transamidase conformation can contribute to cell survival or death. We present evidence suggesting that TG2 has a role in human cancer, summarize what is known about the TG2 mechanism of action in a range of cancer types, and discuss TG2 as a cancer therapy target.
Protein informatics combined with multiple data sources enriches the clinical characterization of novel TRPV4 variant causing an intermediate skeletal dysplasia
Authors: Hines Stephanie L. , Richter John E. , Mohammad Ahmed N. , Mahim Jain , Atwal Paldeep S. , Caulfield Thomas R.
Published: January 2019

Background

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) is an ion channel permeable to Ca2+ that is sensitive to physical, hormonal, and chemical stimuli. This protein is expressed in many cell types, including osteoclasts, chondrocytes, and sensory neurons. As such, pathogenic variants of this gene are associated with skeletal dysplasias and neuromuscular disorders. Pathogenesis of these phenotypes is not yet completely understood, but it is known that genotype–phenotype correlations for TRPV4 pathogenic variants often are not present.

Methods

Newly characterized, suspected pathogenic variant in TRPV4 was analyzed using protein informatics and personalized protein‐level molecular studies, genomic exome analysis, and clinical study.

Results

This statement is demonstrated in the family of our proband, a 47‐year‐old female having the novel c.2401A>G (p.K801E) variant of TRPV4. We discuss the common symptoms between the proband, her father, and her daughter, and compare her phenotype to known TRPV4‐associated skeletal dysplasias.

Conclusions

Protein informatics and molecular modeling are used to confirm the pathogenicity of the unique TRPV4 variant found in this family. Multiple data were combined in a comprehensive manner to give complete overall perspective on the patient disease and prognosis.
MHA, gun industry partnership aims to conduct outreach, prevent suicide
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: January 2019

Rather than work separately to address issues related to mental health and guns, Mental Health America (MHA) and Walk the Talk America (WTTA) announced Jan. 22 a partnership to prevent suicide death by firearms and create materials to conduct outreach to gun ranges across the country. In joining forces to combat suicide, both organizations will share information about depression and warning signs that someone may be considering suicide.
Metabolic Profiling of Dietary Polyphenols and Methylxanthines in Normal and Malignant Mammary Tissues from Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Ávila‐Gálvez María Ángeles , García‐Villalba Rocío , Martínez‐Díaz Francisco , Ocaña‐Castillo Beatriz , Monedero‐Saiz Tamara , Torrecillas‐Sánchez Adela , Abellán Beatriz , González‐Sarrías Antonio , Espín Juan Carlos
Published: January 2019

Scope

Dietary polyphenols may protect against breast cancer. However, it is unknown whether polyphenols reach human malignant breast tumors in molecular forms and(or) at concentrations likely to act against cancer.

Methods and Results

Ninteen breast cancer patients consumed three capsules daily from biopsy‐confirmed diagnosis to surgery (6 ± 2 days). The capsules contained pomegranate, orange, lemon, olive, cocoa, and grapeseed extracts plus resveratrol, providing 37 different phenolics (473.7 mg), theobromine and caffeine (19.7 mg). A total of 101 metabolites are identified in urine, 69 in plasma, 39 in normal (NT), and 33 in malignant (MT) tissues by UPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS. Eight control patients did not consume extracts. Phenolic‐derived metabolites in MT and NT are mainly glucuronidated and(or) sulfated. Some representative metabolites detected in MT (median and range, pmol g−1) are urolithin‐A‐3‐O‐glucuronide (26.2; 3.2−66.5), 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (40.2; 27.7−52.2), resveratrol‐3‐O‐sulfate (86.4; 7.8−224.4), dihydroresveratrol‐3‐O‐glucuronide (109.9; 10.3−229.4), and theobromine (715.0; 153.9−3,216). Metabolites, as detected in breast tissues, do not exert antiproliferative or estrogenic/antiestrogenic activities in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells.

Conclusion

This is the first study that describes the metabolic profiling of dietary phenolics and methylxanthines in MT and NT comprehensively. Although phase‐II conjugation might hamper a direct anticancer activity, long‐term tumor‐senescent chemoprevention cannot be discarded.
Prevalence, risk factors, and treatment for women with stress urinary incontinence in a racially and ethnically diverse population
Authors: Mckellar Keneta , Abraham Nitya
Published: January 2019

Aims

Black women may have lower rates of SUI than Whites, whereas the rate of SUI in Hispanic women varies. Most studies have been conducted in predominantly White populations, making it difficult to evaluate race and SUI. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of SUI in a diverse population and examine racial/ethnic differences in risk factors and treatment.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study of women ≥21 years with SUI seen at our medical center from June 1, 2013 to June 30, 2016. Risk factors measured included age, BMI, SES, diabetes, smoking, Charlson comorbidity index, hysterectomy, and pregnancy. SUI management included consultation with a specialist and active treatment (physical therapy, pessary use, or incontinence surgery). ANOVA, chi‐square, and multivariable logistic regression were used to evaluate race and SUI.

Results

The prevalence rate was 4.65 per 100 women (5557 cases/119 452 women). Hispanics comprised the majority (54.13% n = 3008), followed by Blacks (23.54% n = 1308), Other (12.74% n = 708), and Whites (9.59% n = 532). Black women were less likely to consult with a specialist or undergo treatment compared to White and Hispanic women, which persisted in multivariable analysis. Women classified as other were more likely to undergo active treatment in the logistic regression model.

Conclusion

SUI prevalence was highest in Hispanics, despite risk factors being more common in Black women. Black women were less likely to consult with a specialist. Mixed or unknown race/ethnicity women were more likely to undergo active treatment. Future studies will evaluate if racial/ethnic differences in SUI management are due to patient preference or provider practices.
Sulfonylation of 1,4‐Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane: Charge‐Transfer Complex Triggered C−N Bond Cleavage
Authors: Fu Ying , Xu Qin‐Shan , Li Quan‐Zhou , Li Ming‐Peng , Shi Chun‐Zhao , Du Zhengyin
Published: January 2019

A novel charge‐transfer complex triggered sulfonylation of 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) with mild reaction conditions has been developed. The formation of a charge‐transfer complex between electron‐withdrawing (hetero)aryl sulfonyl chloride and DABCO allows the synthesis of N‐ethylated piperazine sulfonamide in good yields. The reaction has a high functional group tolerance. Spectroscopic studies confirmed the charge‐transfer complex formation between sulfonyl chlorides and DABCO, which facilitates the C−N bond cleavage of DABCO.
Occurrence of high‐grade glioma in Noonan syndrome: Report of two cases
Authors: El‐Ayadi Moatasem , Ansari Marc , Kühnöl Caspar D. , Bendel Anne , Sturm Dominik , Pietsch Torsten , Kramm Christof M. , von Bueren André O.
Published: January 2019

Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder commonly caused by PTPN11 germline mutations. Patients are characterized by short stature, congenital heart defects, facial dysmorphism, and increased risk of malignancies including brain tumors. Commonly associated brain tumors are dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor and low‐grade glioma. We report two cases of anaplastic astrocytoma with PTPN11‐related NS. We conducted a systematic search of medical databases looking for other reported cases of high‐grade glioma associated with NS and identified 24 cases of brain tumors, all of which were low‐grade glial or glioneuronal tumors except for one case of medulloblastoma.
A humidity‐sensing composite microfiber based on moisture‐induced swelling of an agarose polymer matrix
Authors: Lee Yangwoo , Kim Sung‐Kon , Park Ye‐Jin , Cho Jiung , Koo Hyung‐Jun
Published: January 2019

Herein, we present a humidity sensing microfiber based on an agarose polymer as a hydrophilic matrix and carbon nanotubes (CNT) as conducting fillers. The humidity‐dependent resistance is the key property of the composite microfiber as a humidity sensor. The composite microfiber composed of the agarose matrix swells or contracts depending on environmental humidity, leading to changes in junction density between the carbon nanotube conducting fillers inside the fiber. Moreover, adsorption of water molecules on the CNT filler could further increase the resistance of the microfiber sensor. The real‐time resistance monitoring of the microfiber shows reliable and reversible response to the repetitive changes in relative humidity with reasonable response rate. The tensile strength test confirms the mechanical robustness of the composite microfiber. The fabrication process is facile and presumably scalable. Such a practical fiber sensor could be readily used as a humidity‐sensing component in smart textile and wearable devices. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:3582–3587, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
Laser surface treatment of CFRP composites for a better adhesive bonding owing to the mechanical interlocking mechanism
Authors: Çoban Onur , Akman Erhan , Bora Mustafa Özgür , Genc Oztoprak Belgin , Demir Arif
Published: January 2019

Adhesion can be greatly improved by the correct surface preparation techniques. One of the most common and useful technique is specific surface structuring which leads to mechanical interlocking and greater adhesion. This work describes the effect of laser‐induced line pattern surface structuring on the mechanical interlocking mechanism and so on the adhesive bonding of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. Surface patterns with different laser scribes were obtained by CO2 laser treatment. The effect of the number of a laser shot, the scribe depth, the number of the scribe and the angle between the direction of the laser scribes and mechanical test direction on the adhesive bonding strength of CFRP/CFRP joints was investigated by performing the single lap shear tests according to the ASTM D5868‐01. After destructive tests, damaged surfaces were analyzed for determining the failure mechanisms. Mechanical tests showed that laser scribe characteristics especially the number of laser shot and the number of scribes have significant effects on the mechanical interlocking mechanism and so on the adhesion bonding strength. It is suggested that in order to improve the adhesion strength of CFRP/CFRP joints, mechanical interlocking mechanism shall be obtained by optimized laser scribe patterns. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:3611–3622, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
Improvement in the Piezoelectric Performance of a ZnO Nanogenerator by a ZnO/Spiro‐MeOTAD ps‐n Heterojunction
Authors: Zhang Xiaotong , Yang Dechao , Qiu Yu , Nie Yang , Chu Huailong , Zhang Heqiu , Hu Lizhong
Published: January 2019

Piezoelectric nanogeneratorsbased on ZnO nanowires (NWs) have attracted a wide attention in the applications of sustainable power source and self‐powered sensors. However, the output performance of ZnO nanogenerators is significantly suppressed by the piezoelectric potential screening effect due to the large excess electrons in ZnO NWs. In this work, the authors propose a facile and effective method to enhance the performance of ZnO nanogenerators by forming a ZnO/Spiro‐MeOTAD p‐n junction. The holes from the p‐type polymer remarkably reduce the free electrons in ZnO NWs through a depletion region and the polymer layer effectively decreases the ZnO surface‐state‐induced parasitic losses by surface passivation. By spin‐coating a layer of Spiro‐MeOTAD on ZnO NWs, a maximum current density of 500 nA cm−2 is obtained which is approximately 10 times higher than that of the pristine ZnO‐NWs nanogenerators. The results obviously demonstrate the validity of a ZnO/Spiro‐MeOTAD p‐n junction structure for strengthening the performance of ZnO nanogenerators and provide a promising approach to realize high‐performance energy‐harvesting nanodevices.
Influence of an Insulator Layer on the Charge Transport in a Metal/Insulator/n‐AlGaN Structure
Authors: Shao Hua , Che Jiamang , Kou Jianquan , Chu Chunshuang , Tian Kangkai , Fang Mengqian , Zhang Yonghui , Bi Wengang , Zhang Zi‐Hui
Published: January 2019

In this work, a parametric study revealing the impact of metal‐insulator‐semiconductor (MIS) structure in improving the electron injection between the n‐AlGaN layer and the electrode metal is conducted. After inserting an insulator at the surface between the n‐AlGaN layer and the electrode metal, the energy band bending of the thin insulator manipulates the conduction band barrier height between the electrode and the n‐AlGaN layer, which enables the electrons to more efficiently tunnel through the thin insulator barrier. As a result, the electrical characteristics for the devices are significantly improved if the MIS structure is optimized. Furthermore, the impact of the affinity, the relative dielectric constant, and the bandgap for the insulator on the electron injection is investigated. Meanwhile, it is found that the electron injection is sensitive to the thickness and the length for the insulator. Detailed analysis regarding the electron transport and the device physics are reported in this work.
Effect of Nickel Doping on Phase Transformation of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays
Authors: Xu Zhengchao , Wang Shiqi , Ma Cong , Luo Kaixiang , Fang Feng
Published: January 2019

A simple way to introduce nickel doping into TiO2 nanotube arrays by anodizing Ti‐Ni alloy followed with thermal annealing is presented. The additional nickel has significant effect on the phase transformation behavior of TiO2 nanotubes, which is of great significance in the construction of anatase‐rutile heterojunction. GAXRD and DSC analysis results clearly demonstrate that the doping of nickel largely decreases the anatase‐rutile phase transformation temperature of TiO2 nanotubes from approximately 600–450 °C. XPS and TEM analyses reveal the nickel dopants mainly exist in the form of Ni2+, and successfully enter the titainia lattice by replacing Ti4+. The substitution doping of nickel and the subsequently increase of oxygen vacancies play important role in promoting the phase transformation from anatase to rutile.
Composite Metamaterials for THz Perfect Absorption
Authors: Wang Yue , Cui Zijian , Zhu Dongying , Yue Lisha
Published: January 2019

The design, characterization, and experimental demonstrations are presented for triple‐band, near‐perfect, composite metamaterials that absorb in the terahertz regime. Three absorption peaks are observed at 0.537  THz, 0.948 THz, and 1.59 THz with the respective absorption coefficients of 0.957, 0.988, and 0.96. The effect of spacer thickness on absorption is analyzed with interference theory, and the conditions for unity absorption are obtained via comparison of amplitude and phase. The effect of the length (l) of four outer parts of Jerusalem cross on the absorption is analyzed via transmission line theory. Furthermore, the absorption effects of capacitance and inductance caused by the changing l are examined. The calculated multi‐band transmission line model corresponded well to simulations. The effect of the outside length on the absorber performance is further explained by electric field distributions, which is experimentally confirmed. Overall, the consistent conclusions provide design guidance for metamaterial absorbers, or the realization of tunable absorbers, and provide a further understanding of the mechanisms.
Theoretical Modeling of the Nuclear‐Field Induced Tuning of the Electron Spin Precession for Localized Spins
Authors: Kopteva Nataliia E. , Yugova Irina A. , Zhukov Evgeny A. , Kirstein Erik , Evers Eiko , Belykh Vasilii V. , Korenev Vladimir L. , Yakovlev Dmitri R. , Bayer Manfred , Greilich Alex
Published: January 2019

This work is devoted to a theoretical analysis of the effect of nuclear‐induced field (Overhauser field) on the Larmor frequencies of electron spins under the periodic pulsed excitation. To describe the dynamical nuclear spin polarization, we use the model where the optically induced Stark field determines the magnitude and direction of the Overhauser field. The Stark field strongly depends on the detuning between the photon energy of excitation and the optical transition energy in the quantum system. Detailed calculations which show that the precession frequencies of fluorine donor‐bound electron spins in ZnSe deviate from the linear dependence of the Larmor frequencies on the external magnetic field have been performed. A similar effect is observed for the (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots, where it has been shown that the Overhauser field strongly changes the spectrum of the electron spin precession frequencies.
Bank lending margins in the euro area: Funding conditions, fragmentation and ECB's policies
Authors: Louri Helen , Migiakis Petros M.
Published: January 2019

In this paper we study the determinants of lending margins paid by euro‐area corporates for their bank loans. Across two separate groups of countries (distressed and non‐distressed) we examine whether lending margins have been affected by structural changes in the banking sector, the credit and liquidity position of banks and the costs of funding in the corporate and sovereign bond markets. The role of ECB policies with respect to narrowing down the fragmentation in the bank lending channel is also investigated through a structural panel VAR model for the period 2003:1 to 2014:12.
How Good Is This Page? Benefits and Limits of Prompting on Adolescents’ Evaluation of Web Information Quality
Authors: Macedo‐Rouet Mônica , Potocki Anna , Scharrer Lisa , Ros Christine , Stadtler Marc , Salmerón Ladislao , Rouet Jean‐François
Published: January 2019

The authors examined adolescents’ detection of features that affect the quality of web information. In experiment 1, participants (12–16 years old) rated the goodness/usefulness of four web‐like documents for a simulated study assignment. Each document came with an issue that potentially undermined its quality. Two documents had source‐related issues (i.e., noncompetent author, outdated), and the other two documents had content‐related issues (i.e., topic mismatch, poor readability). Most students failed to notice the issues, including topic mismatch. The participants also produced inconsistent evaluations of topic match, readability, author competence, and currency. In experiment 2, students were prompted to assess each criterion separately. The participants distinguished poorer from better documents in relation to each criterion, except for author competence. The authors discuss these results in light of previous research on adolescents’ evaluation behavior, propose further avenues for reading research, and articulate recommendations for educational practice.
Sources of strategic flexibility in new ventures: An analysis of the role of resource leveraging practices
Authors: Brinckmann Jan , Villanueva Jaume , Grichnik Dietmar , Singh Luv
Published: January 2019

Research Summary

Especially new firms need to be strategic flexible to proactively or reactively adjust to the market and internal demands as they aim to establish themselves. However, new firms vary in their degree of strategic flexibility. In this paper, we analyze resource management practices founders can use to increase the strategic flexibility of their firms. We depict how specific resource management practices can augment the strategic flexibility of a new firm in addition to the strategic flexibility resulting from their actual resource base. Scrutinizing innovative resource management practices in various domains, our findings especially underline the importance of specific innovative resource management practices in the financial domain to increase the strategic flexibility.

Managerial Summary

For entrepreneurs being independent is frequently the ultimate goal. Still, founders frequently find themselves in constraints that limit their freedom to act. In this research, we analyze various activities founders can undertake to increase the strategic flexibility of their firm. We find that specific practices in the financial resource management domain focusing on cash‐flow optimization such as quick customer payments and delaying supplier payments prove especially effective for providing more strategic flexibility for the nascent firms, while other ones do not appear to increase the strategic flexibility.
Silver‐Mediated Organic Transformations of Propargylamines to Enones, α‐Thioketones, and Isochromans
Authors: Cui Jian‐Fang , Yang Bin , Yu Qiong , Lai Nathanael Chun‐Him , Chen Han , Wong Man‐Kin
Published: January 2019

This work describes a series of silver‐mediated transformations of propargylamines to provide diverse patterns of products, including enones, α‐thioketones, and isochromans. A variety of enone derivatives were obtained by silver‐catalyzed transformation of propargylamines with 3‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m‐CPBA) in aprotic solvent. In contrast, when the reactions were carried out in protic solvent with N‐Boc‐L‐cysteine methyl ester (Boc = tert‐butoxycarbonyl) as nucleophile, α‐thioketones were obtained. Moreover, the first silver‐mediated cascade cyclization of alkynyl alcohol‐linked propargylamines giving isochroman scaffolds was also described in this paper.
An Air Knife–Assisted Recrystallization Method for Ambient‐Process Planar Perovskite Solar Cells and Its Dim‐Light Harvesting
Authors: Cheng Rui , Chung Chih‐Chun , Zhang Hong , Zhou Zhiwen , Zhai Peng , Huang Yu‐Ting , Lee Hyeonseok , Feng Shien‐Ping
Published: January 2019

The photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells is highly dependent on the control of morphology and crystallization of perovskite film, which usually requires a controlled atmosphere. Therefore, fully ambient fabrication is a desired technology for the development of perovskite solar cells toward real production. Here, an air‐knife assisted recrystallization method is reported, based on a simple bath‐immersion to prepare high‐quality perovskite absorbers. The resulted film shows a strong crystallinity with pure domains and low trap‐state density, which contribute to the device performance and stability. The proposed method can operate in a wide process window, such as variable relative humidity and bath‐immersion conditions, demonstrating a power conversion efficiency over 19% and 27% under 1 sun and 500–2000 lux dim‐light illumination respectively, which is among the highest performance of ambient‐process perovskite solar cells.
Cobalt Phosphides Nanocrystals Encapsulated by P‐Doped Carbon and Married with P‐Doped Graphene for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Yang Jing , Guo Donghua , Zhao Shulin , Lin Yue , Yang Rui , Xu Dongdong , Shi Naien , Zhang Xiaoshu , Lu Lingzhi , Lan Ya‐Qian , Bao Jianchun , Han Min
Published: January 2019

As one class of important functional materials, transition metal phosphides (TMPs) nanostructures show promising applications in catalysis and energy storage fields. Although great progress has been achieved, phase‐controlled synthesis of cobalt phosphides nanocrystals or related nanohybrids remains a challenge, and their use in overall water splitting (OWS) is not systematically studied. Herein, three kinds of cobalt phosphides nanocrystals encapsulated by P‐doped carbon (PC) and married with P‐doped graphene (PG) nanohybrids, including CoP@PC/PG, CoP‐Co2P@PC/PG, and Co2P@PC/PG, are obtained through controllable thermal conversion of presynthesized supramolecular gels that contain cobalt salt, phytic acid, and graphene oxides at proper temperature under Ar/H2 atmosphere. Among them, the mixed‐phase CoP‐Co2P@PC/PG nanohybrids manifest high electrocatalytic activity toward both hydrogen and oxygen evolution in alkaline media. Remarkably, using them as bifunctional catalysts, the fabricated CoP‐Co2P@PC/PG||CoP‐Co2P@PC/PG electrolyzer only needs a cell voltage of 1.567 V for driving OWS to reach the current density at 10 mA cm−2, superior to their pure‐phase counterparts and recently reported bifunctional catalysts based devices. Also, such a CoP‐Co2P@PC/PG||CoP‐Co2P@PC/PG device exhibits outstanding stability for OWS. This work may shed some light on optimizing TMPs nanostructures based on phase engineering, and promote their applications in OWS or other renewable energy options.
The State of Research Regarding Ordered Mesoporous Materials in Batteries
Authors: Du Guangyu , Xu Yuxia , Zheng Shasha , Xue Huaiguo , Pang Huan
Published: January 2019

Ordered mesoporous materials, porous materials with a pore size of 2–50 nm which are prepared via the sol–gel process using surfactant molecular aggregates as a template to assemble channels through the interfacial action of organic and inorganic substances, have recently triggered a heated debate. In addition to applications in the catalytic cracking of heavy oils and residues, the manufacturing of graft materials, the purification of water, the conversion of automobile exhaust, biochips, and the treatment of environmental pollutants via photocatalysts, ordered mesoporous materials have drawn substantial attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage due to advantages such as large specific surface area, uniform and continuously adjustable pore size, and orderly arrangement. Here, a general summary and appraisal of the study of ordered mesoporous materials for batteries in recent years is given, including the synthesis methods, meso/nanostructural features, and electrochemical capabilities of such materials.
Space‐Confined Synthesis of ZIF‐67 Nanoparticles in Hollow Carbon Nanospheres for CO2 Adsorption
Authors: Li Qi , Guo Jiangna , Zhu Hai , Yan Feng
Published: January 2019

Herein, the design and synthesis of ZIF‐67 nanoparticles (NPs) with tunable size grown inside hollow carbon nanospheres (ZIF‐67@HCSs) via a space‐confined strategy is reported. HCSs are first prepared via pyrolysis of polystyrene@polypyrrole (PS@PPy) composite nanospheres. Further infiltration of 2‐methylimidazole (MI) into the HCSs (MI@HCSs) using a melting‐diffusion strategy, followed by immersing MI@HCSs into Co(NO3)2 solution through the pores and channels of HCSs results in the formation of ZIF‐67@HCSs. The as‐synthesized ZIF‐67@HCSs with tunable ZIF‐67 size is achieved by changing the amount of MI. Due to the high pore volume provided by nanoscale ZIF‐67 NPs, the as‐prepared core–shell ZIF‐67@HCSs exhibit outstanding adsorption capacity for CO2.
Using Artificial Skin Devices as Skin Replacements: Insights into Superficial Treatment
Authors: Low Zhi Wei Kenny , Li Zibiao , Owh Cally , Chee Pei Lin , Ye Enyi , Kai Dan , Yang Da‐Peng , Loh Xian Jun
Published: January 2019

Artificial skin devices are able to mimic the flexibility and sensory perception abilities of the skin. They have thus garnered attention in the biomedical field as potential skin replacements. This Review delves into issues pertaining to these skin‐deep devices. It first elaborates on the roles that these devices have to fulfill as skin replacements, and identify strategies that are used to achieve such functionality. Following which, a comparison is done between the current state of these skin‐deep devices and that of natural skin. Finally, an outlook on artificial skin devices is presented, which discusses how complementary technologies can create skin enhancements, and what challenges face such devices.
Antidepressant medication exposure and 5‐HT1A autoreceptor binding in major depressive disorder
Authors: Metts A. V. , Rubin‐Falcone H. , Ogden R. T. , Lin X. , Wilner D. E. , Burke A. K. , Sublette M. E. , Oquendo M. A. , Miller J. M. , Mann J. J.
Published: January 2019

Objective: We have previously reported higher brain serotonin 1A (5‐HT1A) autoreceptor binding in antidepressant‐naïve patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) compared with healthy volunteers, and a decrease in binding in MDD after selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment. This SSRI effect is also present in rodents administered SSRIs chronically. We therefore sought to determine the duration of antidepressant medication effects on 5‐HT1A receptor binding after medication discontinuation. Methods: Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with the 5‐HT1A receptor radioligand [11C]WAY‐100635 was performed in 66 individuals with current DSM‐IV MDD to examine relationships between 5‐HT1A binding and time since most recent antidepressant treatment. All subjects were medication‐free for at least 2 weeks prior to scanning. Thirty‐two additional MDD comparison subjects were antidepressant naïve. Results: No differences in [11C]WAY‐100635 binding were observed between antidepressant naïve and antidepressant exposed MDD groups in 13 a priori cortical and subcortical regions of interest, including raphe autoreceptors, assessed simultaneously in linear mixed effects models. Furthermore, [11C]WAY‐100635 binding did not correlate with time off antidepressants in the antidepressant exposed patients considering these ROIs. The same results were observed when effects of treatment discontinuation of any psychotropic medication used to treat their depression was examined. Conclusion: These results indicate that any antidepressant‐associated downregulation of 5‐HT1A autoreceptor binding reverses within 2 weeks of medication discontinuation. Since this effect is hypothesized to mediate the antidepressant action of SSRIs, and perhaps other antidepressants, it suggests that patients who need ongoing treatment may relapse rapidly when medication is discontinued. Moreover, 2 weeks appears to be a sufficiently long washout of antidepressant medications for a reliable measure of illness‐related binding levels.
Substructure shake table test for equipment‐adjacent structure–soil interaction based on the branch mode method
Authors: He Tao , Jiang Nan
Published: January 2019

A substructure shake table test (SSTT) based on the branch mode method was performed to reveal the mechanism and rules of equipment‐adjacent structure–soil interaction (EASSI) under a seismic effect. EASSI system was divided into three substructures, namely, equipment‐single structure, foundation soil, and adjacent structure. The coupling terms of interaction among the substructures were proposed. The branch mode method was effectively applied to the SSTT by decomposing and transforming the dynamic equation of the entire system and utilizing the coupling terms of interaction for data exchange among substructures. The degree of freedom was reduced for the linear substructures. Experiments indicated that in EASSI, the presence of soil magnified the flexibility and equivalent damping of the entire system. The overall effect was presented as a reduction in the dynamic response of the system. The dynamic feedback of the equipment inhibited the dynamic response of the main structure, which intensified the rate of vibration attenuation of the system. The seismic response analysis was also performed for the system when the mass ratio and frequency ratio between the equipment and the main structure and the position of the equipment in the main structure varied.