bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Points2Regions: Fast, interactive clustering of imaging‐based spatial transcriptomics data
Authors: Andersson Axel , Behanova Andrea , Avenel Christophe , Windhager Jonas , Malmberg Filip , Wählby Carolina
Published: July 2024

Imaging‐based spatial transcriptomics techniques generate data in the form of spatial points belonging to different mRNA classes. A crucial part of analyzing the data involves the identification of regions with similar composition of mRNA classes. These biologically interesting regions can manifest at different spatial scales. For example, the composition of mRNA classes on a cellular scale corresponds to cell types, whereas compositions on a millimeter scale correspond to tissue‐level structures. Traditional techniques for identifying such regions often rely on complementary data, such as pre‐segmented cells, or lengthy optimization. This limits their applicability to tasks on a particular scale, restricting their capabilities in exploratory analysis. This article introduces “Points2Regions,” a computational tool for identifying regions with similar mRNA compositions. The tool's novelty lies in its rapid feature extraction by rasterizing points (representing mRNAs) onto a pyramidal grid and its efficient clustering using a combination of hierarchical and ‐means clustering. This enables fast and efficient region discovery across multiple scales without relying on additional data, making it a valuable resource for exploratory analysis. Points2Regions has demonstrated performance similar to state‐of‐the‐art methods on two simulated datasets, without relying on segmented cells, while being several times faster. Experiments on real‐world datasets show that regions identified by Points2Regions are similar to those identified in other studies, confirming that Points2Regions can be used to extract biologically relevant regions. The tool is shared as a Python package integrated into TissUUmaps and a Napari plugin, offering interactive clustering and visualization, significantly enhancing user experience in data exploration.
Actin cytoskeletal regulation of ciliogenesis in development and disease
Authors: Hufft‐Martinez Brittany M. , Wang Henry H. , Saadi Irfan , Tran Pamela V.
Published: July 2024

Primary cilia are antenna‐like sensory organelles that are evolutionarily conserved in nearly all modern eukaryotes, from the single‐celled green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, to vertebrates and mammals. Cilia are microtubule‐based cellular projections that have adapted to perform a broad range of species‐specific functions, from cell motility to detection of light and the transduction of extracellular mechanical and chemical signals. These functions render cilia essential for organismal development and survival. The high conservation of cilia has allowed for discoveries in C. reinhardtii to inform our understanding of the basic biology of mammalian primary cilia, and to provide insight into the genetic etiology of ciliopathies. Over the last two decades, a growing number of studies has revealed that multiple aspects of ciliary homeostasis are regulated by the actin cytoskeleton, including centrosome migration and positioning, vesicle transport to the basal body, ectocytosis, and ciliary‐mediated signaling. Here, we review actin regulation of ciliary homeostasis, and highlight conserved and divergent mechanisms in C. reinhardtii and mammalian cells. Further, we compare the disease manifestations of patients with ciliopathies to those with mutations in actin and actin‐associated genes, and propose that primary cilia defects caused by genetic alteration of the actin cytoskeleton may underlie certain birth defects.
Brain structure, amyloid, and behavioral features for predicting clinical progression in subjective cognitive decline
Authors: Liu Siwei , Luo Xiao , Chong Joanna Su Xian , Jiaerken Yeerfan , Youn Shim Hee , Zhang Minming , Zhou Juan Helen ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2024

As a potential preclinical stage of Alzheimer's dementia, subjective cognitive decline (SCD) reveals a higher risk of future cognitive decline and conversion to dementia. However, it has not been clear whether SCD status increases the clinical progression of older adults in the context of amyloid deposition, cerebrovascular disease (CeVD), and psychiatric symptoms. We identified 99 normal controls (NC), 15 SCD individuals who developed mild cognitive impairment in the next 2 years (P‐SCD), and 54 SCD individuals who did not (S‐SCD) from ADNI database with both baseline and 2‐year follow‐up data. Total white matter hyperintensity (WMH), WMH in deep (DWMH) and periventricular (PWMH) regions, and voxel‐wise grey matter volumes were compared among groups. Furthermore, using structural equation modelling method, we constructed path models to explore SCD‐related brain changes longitudinally and to determine whether baseline SCD status, age, and depressive symptoms affect participants' clinical outcomes. Both SCD groups showed higher baseline amyloid PET SUVR, baseline PWMH volumes, and larger increase of PWMH volumes over time than NC. In contrast, only P‐SCD had higher baseline DWMH volumes and larger increase of DWMH volumes over time than NC. No longitudinal differences in grey matter volume and amyloid was observed among NC, S‐SCD, and P‐SCD. Our path models demonstrated that SCD status contributed to future WMH progression. Further, baseline SCD status increases the risk of future cognitive decline, mediated by PWMH; baseline depressive symptoms directly contribute to clinical outcomes. In conclusion, both S‐SCD and P‐SCD exhibited more severe CeVD than NC. The CeVD burden increase was more pronounced in P‐SCD. In contrast with the direct association of depressive symptoms with dementia severity progression, the effects of SCD status on future cognitive decline may manifest via CeVD pathologies. Our work highlights the importance of multi‐modal longitudinal designs in understanding the SCD trajectory heterogeneity, paving the way for stratification and early intervention in the preclinical stage.

Practitioner Points

Both S‐SCD and P‐SCD exhibited more severe CeVD at baseline and a larger increase of CeVD burden compared to NC, while the burden was more pronounced in P‐SCD.

Baseline SCD status increases the risk of future PWMH and DWMH volume accumulation, mediated by baseline PWMH and DWMH volumes, respectively.

Baseline SCD status increases the risk of future cognitive decline, mediated by baseline PWMH, while baseline depression status directly contributes to clinical outcome.
A multicenter protocol to assess the prognostic significance of the tumor microenvironment in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx
Authors: De Luca Pietro , Di Stadio Arianna , Petruzzi Gerardo , de Campora Luca , Fior Milena , Moretti Claudio , Della Peruta Vincenzo , Mazzola Francesco , Costarelli Leopoldo , Covello Renato , Ricciardiello Filippo , Tortoriello Giuseppe , Pellini Raul , Radici Marco , Camaioni Angelo
Published: July 2024

Background

The purpose of this multicenter study was to retrospectively investigate the prognostic significance of the tumor microenvironment, in relation to survival in a large cohort of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), using the method proposed by the International TILs Working Group in breast cancer.

Methods

All consecutive patients with biopsy‐proven LSCC who underwent total laryngectomy (TL) between January 2014 and January 2023 were retrospectively included in the study. A retrospective review of medical records including surgical, pathological and follow‐up reports was performed. The density of TILs was determined according to the recommendations of the International TILs Working Group.

Results

The study group included 186 patients with LSCC. High TILs were statistically correlated with reduced size and extension of primary tumor (pT stage) with a statistically significant value (S: p = 0.01; P: p = 0.0003) and without needs of salvage therapy (S: p = 0.03; P: p = 0.004). Low TILs were indicative of worse prognosis.

Conclusions

Our study confirmed the protective value of TILs and the prognostic role of the tumor microenvironment in LSCC; furthermore, our results showed that the score proposed by the International TILs Working Group for breast cancer can be applied to LSCC.
Personalized dendritic cell vaccine in multimodal individualized combination therapy improves survival in high‐risk pediatric cancer patients
Authors: Kyr Michal , Mudry Peter , Polaskova Kristyna , Dubska Lenka Zdrazilova , Demlova Regina , Kubatova Jana , Hlavackova Eva , Pilatova Katerina Cerna , Mazanek Pavel , Vejmelkova Klara , Dusek Vitezslav , Tinka Pavel , Balaz Martin , Merta Tomas , Kuttnerova Zuzana , Turekova Terezia , Pavelka Zdenek , Pokorna Petra , Palova Hana , Mlnarikova Marie , Jezova Marta , Kellnerova Renata , Kozakova Sarka , Slaby Ondrej , Valik Dalibor , Sterba Jaroslav
Published: July 2024

A lot of hope for high‐risk cancers is being pinned on immunotherapy but the evidence in children is lacking due to the rarity and limited efficacy of single‐agent approaches. Here, we aim to assess the effectiveness of multimodal therapy comprising a personalized dendritic cell (DC) vaccine in children with relapsed and/or high‐risk solid tumors using the N‐of‐1 approach in real‐world scenario. A total of 160 evaluable events occurred in 48 patients during the 4‐year follow‐up. Overall survival of the cohort was 7.03 years. Disease control after vaccination was achieved in 53.8% patients. Comparative survival analysis showed the beneficial effect of DC vaccine beyond 2 years from initial diagnosis (HR = 0.53, P = .048) or in patients with disease control (HR = 0.16, P = .00053). A trend for synergistic effect with metronomic cyclophosphamide and/or vinblastine was indicated (HR = 0.60 P = .225). A strong synergistic effect was found for immune check‐point inhibitors (ICIs) after priming with the DC vaccine (HR = 0.40, P = .0047). In conclusion, the personalized DC vaccine was an effective component in the multimodal individualized treatment. Personalized DC vaccine was effective in less burdened or more indolent diseases with a favorable safety profile and synergized with metronomic and/or immunomodulating agents.
Head‐to‐head comparison of treatment sequences in advanced pancreatic cancer—Real‐world data from the prospective German TPK clinical cohort study
Authors: Marschner Norbert , Haug Nina , Hegewisch‐Becker Susanna , Reiser Marcel , Dörfel Steffen , Lerchenmüller Christian , Linde Hartmut , Wolf Thomas , Hof Anna , Kaiser‐Osterhues Anja , Potthoff Karin , Jänicke Martina ,   the TPK‐Group (Tumour Registry Pancreatic Cancer)
Published: July 2024

There are no clear guidelines regarding the optimal treatment sequence for advanced pancreatic cancer, as head‐to‐head phase III randomised trials are missing. We assess real‐world effectiveness of three common sequential treatment strategies by emulating a hypothetical randomised trial. This analysis included 1551 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer from the prospective, clinical cohort study Tumour Registry Pancreatic Cancer receiving FOLFIRINOX (n = 613) or gemcitabine/nab‐paclitaxel (GEMNAB; n = 938) as palliative first‐line treatment. We used marginal structural modelling to compare overall survival (OS) and time to deterioration (TTD) of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) between three common first‐ to second‐line treatment sequences, adjusting for time‐varying potential confounding. The sequences were: FOLFIRINOX→GEMNAB, GEMNAB→FOLFOX/OFF and GEMNAB→nanoliposomal irinotecan (NALIRI) + 5‐fluorouracil. Outcome was also calculated stratified by patients' prognostic risk according to the Pancreatic Cancer Score. Median OS and TTD of HRQoL independent of risk were 10.7 [8.9, 11.9] and 6.4 [4.8, 7.7] months for FOLFIRINOX→GEMNAB, 8.4 [7.4, 9.7] and 5.8 [4.6, 7.1] months for GEMNAB→FOLFOX/OFF and 8.9 [7.8, 10.4] and 4.6 [4.1, 6.1] months for GEMNAB→NALIRI+5‐fluorouracil. Compared to FOLFIRINOX→GEMNAB, OS and TTD were worse for poor‐risk patients with GEMNAB→FOLFOX/OFF (OS: HR 2.09 [1.47, 2.98]; TTD: HR 1.97 [1.19, 3.27]) and those with GEMNAB→NALIRI+5‐fluorouracil (OS: HR 1.35, [0.76, 2.39]; TTD: HR 2.62 [1.56, 4.42]). Brackets denote 95%‐confidence intervals. The estimated real‐world effectiveness of the three treatment sequences evaluated were largely comparable. Poor‐risk patients might benefit from intensified treatment with FOLFIRINOX→GEMNAB in terms of clinical and patient‐reported outcomes. Future randomised trials on sequential treatments in advanced pancreatic cancer are warranted.
A cross‐sectional study of anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome at a Japanese emergency department
Authors: Kano Yasuhiro , Komagamine Junpei , Murata Kengo
Published: July 2024

Background

Anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES) is the most common cause of abdominal wall pain. This study aimed to clarify the proportion of ACNES cases among those of abdominal pain and the clinical characteristics and prognosis of the disease in an emergency department (ED) of a Japanese general hospital.

Methods

The medical records of patients from January 2014 to December 2023 were reviewed, and patients aged 15 years or older with abdominal pain with positivity for Carnett's sign, a good response to trigger point injection (TPI), and an ACNES diagnosis were included. The proportion of ACNES cases among the complaints related to abdominal pain in the ED between 2020 and 2023 was then determined. The recurrence rate was also determined using data from the medical records and telephone follow‐ups.

Results

Twenty‐one patients were included. Their median age was 50 years (range: 16–83 years), 13 (62%) were female, and 11 (52%) had acute‐onset pain. Follow‐up data were available for 11 patients (52%), seven (64%) of whom had recurrent pain for a median period of 1 week after the index visit. The proportion of ACNES cases among those of abdominal pain was 0.11%.

Conclusion

ACNES might be uncommon among patients with abdominal pain in the ED setting although underdiagnosis of this condition might have led to an underestimation of the proportion of cases. Moreover, given the high recurrence rate of abdominal pain associated with ACNES, following up these patients is very important.
Weight loss and dysgeusia in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients treated with talquetamab
Authors: Naqvi Syed , Shrestha Asis , Alzubi Marah , Alrawabdeh Jawad , Thanendrarajan Sharmilan , Zangari Maurizio , van Rhee Frits , Schinke Carolina , Al Hadidi Samer
Published: July 2024

Talquetamab is an approved therapy for relapsed multiple myeloma. This study examined dysgeusia and weight loss occurrences, alongside investigating symptom reversibility post‐treatment cessation. Dysgeusia was prevalent, persisting in 15% of patients. On average, patients lost 6% of their weight during treatment, with weight loss persisting in about half of the patients post‐discontinuation. Weight loss and dysgeusia are important adverse events to consider while on talquetamab treatment. Extending dose intervals can potentially prevent such adverse events and should be studied in future prospective clinical trials.
The recent increasing frequency of strong cooling event in Southwest China in February
Authors: Chang Sun , Zi‐Niu Xiao
Published: July 2024

A strong cooling event refers to a sharp change in the average temperature over a short period. The rapid change of temperature has important effect on human health and is highly concerned recent years. Based on the observed temperature data set from stations in Southwest China (SWC) from 1979 to 2017, this paper analyses the characteristics of the strong cooling event (SCE). The result shows that SCE occurs with the highest frequency during the time from February to May. Among them, the frequency of SCE in February exhibits an abrupt change before and after 2005 with a significant increase. Further study reveals that the change of SCE frequency in February is associated with the large‐scale background circulation patterns. After 2005, there is a cyclonic circulation anomaly in Northeast Asia and an anticyclonic circulation anomaly in the Tibet Plateau (TP). This pattern provides a favourable condition for the southward movement of cold air mass, thereby increasing the frequency of SCE in SWC. Furthermore, it is revealed that there is a strong correlation between the variation of SCE frequency in February and sea surface temperatures (SST) in the Northwest Pacific in January before 2005. The cold SST anomaly could favour the occurrence of extreme TD events in SWC through vertical circulation. After 2005, the correlation between SCE and Northwest Pacific SST is not significant. The sea ice in the northern Barents Sea and Kara Sea becomes the dominant impact factor. The abnormally low sea ice concentration is conducive to strengthen the meridional circulation over East Asia, leading to an increasing frequency of SCE in SWC.
Synthesis and Viscoelastic Properties of Polycaprolactone/Polyvinylidene Fluoride/Nanohydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds
Authors: Yeganeh Kari Ali , Nezhadfard Mahla Sadat , Montazeri Arash , Pishvaei Malihe
Published: July 2024

Obtaining a polymer nanocomposite with optimum viscoelastic, thermal, and biocompatibility properties is the main objective when designing nanocomposite systems with potential applications in tissue engineering. For this purpose, a blend of Polycaprolactone (PCL) and Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in an 85/15 weight ratio, along with a nanocomposite reinforced by nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) particles, is fabricated using a solution casting method in a mold. The impact of nHA content on crystallinity, viscoelastic properties, thermal stability, and the properties–structure relationship of nanocomposites is evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dynamic mechanical thermal (DMTA) analysis is used to determine the William–Landel–Ferry (WLF) constants and the effect of nHA on the nanocomposite's viscoelastic behavior. The PCL/15PVDF/0.5 wt% nHA exhibits the maximum thermal stability (40% residual char value) and 95% increase in storage modulus at 90 °C (rubbery region) in comparison with PCL/15PVDF blend. Water contact angle (WCA) and biocompatibility tests are conducted on the PCL/15PVDF blend and nanocomposite scaffolds to design appropriate nanocomposite systems with potential applications in tissue engineering. The high hydrophilic properties are assigned to PCL/15PVDF/0.5 wt% nHA with a WCA of 67.5°. Finally, in vitro cell culture confirmed 0.5 wt% nHA significantly improves cell adhesion and cytotoxicity with MG‐63 cells.
Best Ulam constants for two‐dimensional nonautonomous linear differential systems
Authors: Anderson Douglas R. , Onitsuka Masakazu , O'Regan Donal
Published: July 2024

This study deals with the Ulam stability of nonautonomous linear differential systems without assuming the condition that they admit an exponential dichotomy. In particular, the best (minimal) Ulam constants for two‐dimensional nonautonomous linear differential systems with generalized Jordan normal forms are derived. The obtained results are applicable not only to systems with solutions that exist globally on , but also to systems with solutions that blow up in finite time. New results are included even for constant coefficients. A wealth of examples are presented, and approximations of node, saddle, and focus are proposed. In addition, this is the first study to derive the best Ulam constants for nonautonomous systems other than periodic systems.
Single‐cell transcriptome dissecting the microenvironment remodeled by PD1 blockade combined with photodynamic therapy in a mouse model of oral carcinogenesis
Authors: Dong Yunmei , Zeng Kan , Ai Ruixue , Zhang Chengli , Mao Fei , Dan Hongxia , Zeng Xin , Ji Ning , Li Jing , Jin Xin , Chen Qianming , Zhou Yu , Li Taiwen
Published: July 2024

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) stands as a predominant and perilous malignant neoplasm globally, with the majority of cases originating from oral potential malignant disorders (OPMDs). Despite this, effective strategies to impede the progression of OPMDs to OSCC remain elusive. In this study, we established mouse models of oral carcinogenesis via 4‐nitroquinoline 1‐oxide induction, mirroring the sequential transformation from normal oral mucosa to OPMDs, culminating in OSCC development. By intervening during the OPMDs stage, we observed that combining PD1 blockade with photodynamic therapy (PDT) significantly mitigated oral carcinogenesis progression. Single‐cell transcriptomic sequencing unveiled microenvironmental dysregulation occurring predominantly from OPMDs to OSCC stages, fostering a tumor‐promoting milieu characterized by increased Treg proportion, heightened S100A8 expression, and decreased Fib_Igfbp5 (a specific fibroblast subtype) proportion, among others. Notably, intervening with PD1 blockade and PDT during the OPMDs stage hindered the formation of the tumor‐promoting microenvironment, resulting in decreased Treg proportion, reduced S100A8 expression, and increased Fib_Igfbp5 proportion. Moreover, combination therapy elicited a more robust treatment‐associated immune response compared with monotherapy. In essence, our findings present a novel strategy for curtailing the progression of oral carcinogenesis.
Management from a multidisciplinary perspective of phlebitis related to peripheral venous catheter insertion: An international Delphi study
Authors: Torné‐Ruiz Alba , Sanromà‐Ortiz Montse , Corral‐Nuñez Alex , Medel Daniel , Roca Judith , García‐Expósito Judith
Published: July 2024

Aim

To determine the consensus and importance of care practices related to the management of peripheral venous catheter (PVC)‐related phlebitis in hospitalized patients through the views of experts from different disciplines.

Background

PVCs are commonly used in hospitals but are associated with complications such as phlebitis. Their management differs widely, and studies are heterogeneous.

Design

Delphi method.

Methods

Four stages: problem area (with Web of Science bibliometric review in July 2022), panel members, two Delphi rounds and closing criteria. In the Delphi survey, experts answered an online questionnaire based on assessment, treatment and follow‐up dimensions (September 2022–February 2023). Statistical analyses were conducted of frequencies, percentages, measures of central tendency and levels of dispersion (QD). A space for comments was created, and a thematic analysis conducted of them.

Results

Eighteen experts (nurses, doctors and pharmacists) participated in the Delphi rounds. Forty‐five activities were identified: 19 in assessment, 15 in treatment and 11 in follow‐up. A high consensus level (QD ≤ 0.6) was found in five activities (11.12%), moderate level (0.6 < QD < 1.0) in 19 (42.22%) and low level (QD > 1.0) in 21 (46.66%). Seven themes were determined (patient perspective, lack of consensus, low evidence‐based practices, stage‐based treatments, prevention activities, high variability in practice and specialist teams and interdisciplinary work).

Conclusion

The importance of systematic assessment scales is highlighted together with consensus on signs and symptoms (pain, redness, inflammation, palpable cord and induration). Treatment according to severity and daily visual recording and monitoring are emphasized along with the need for patient participation and healthcare literacy. A high level of consensus was obtained in 11% of the activities, showing the large variability of criteria and interventions for phlebitis management. Highlighted needs include working in a team, the use of specialist teams and promoting evidence‐ and prevention‐based activities.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Clinical variability is noted and, therefore, the importance of consensus on standardized care for PVC phlebitis and evidence‐based practice.

Reporting Method

Delphi studies (CREDES).

Patient or Public Contribution

Experts contribution.
No causal associations of genetically predicted birth weight and life course BMI with thyroid function and diseases
Authors: Zhou Xiaoqin , Ruan Weiqiang , Li Jing , Wang Ting , Liu Huizhen , Zhang Guiying
Published: July 2024

Objective

Observational studies have suggested associations of birth weight, childhood BMI, and adulthood BMI with thyroid function or diseases. However, the causal relationships remain unclear due to residual confounding inherent in conventional epidemiological studies.

Methods

We performed a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate causal relationships of genetically predicted birth weight, childhood BMI, and adulthood BMI with a range of clinically relevant thyroid outcomes. Additionally, we conducted a reverse MR analysis on adulthood BMI. Data on exposures and outcomes were obtained from large‐scale genome‐wide association study meta‐analyses predominantly composed of individuals of European ancestry.

Results

The MR analysis revealed no evidence of causal associations of birth weight or BMI at different life stages with thyrotropin (TSH) levels, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, autoimmune thyroid disorders, or thyroid cancer. Contrarily, thyroid cancer demonstrated a significant causal relationship with increased adulthood BMI (β = 0.010, 95% CI: 0.006–0.015; p = 5.21 × 10−6).

Conclusions

Our comprehensive MR did not find causal links of birth weight, childhood BMI, or adulthood BMI with thyroid diseases but provided evidence that thyroid cancer may play a role in weight gain. Our research findings offer valuable insights into the intricate relationship between body weight and thyroid health throughout an individual's life.
Preparation, characterization, and antistatic applications of high‐density polyethylene/polyaniline blends
Authors: Ozkan Ayse Nur , Sirin Kamil
Published: July 2024

To obtain electrostatic charge dissipative (ESD) materials, high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyaniline (PANI) blends are synthesized by the solution blending method. To prepare the blends, 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 wt% of PANI are introduced into the HDPE matrix. The prepared blends are investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Additionally, stress–strain curves are used to examine the blends' mechanical properties. Polyaniline additions indicated an increase in thermal stability by approximately 1°C in the blends but decrease in mechanical properties. The four‐probe technique is used to determine the electrical conductivity of blends, which is found to be between 10−7 and 10−10 S/cm. The results of the conductivity values have indicated that all blends have great potential to be used as antistatic materials. For antistatic applications, the ESD performance of the blends is determined at different corona voltages. Blends achieved the antistatic requirements with a 10% cutoff decay time of approximately 2.0 s and a 1/e time of approximately 1.0 s, demonstrating quick dissipation of static charges. According to antistatic decay times, it has been shown that all blends obtained in this study can be used as antistatic material at 3 kV corona voltage.
Effect of synthesized copper oxide nanorods on electrical and thermal properties of compatibilized high‐density polyethylene/carbon nanofiber nanocomposite films
Authors: Ahmad Sameer , Tyagi Shivani , Joshi Mangala , Ali Syed Wazed
Published: July 2024

High‐density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposites containing different optimized fractions of carbon nanofiber (CNF) at 6 wt.%, polyethylene glycol (PEG) at 4 wt.%, and copper oxide (CuO) nanorods in concentration ranges of 0.15, 0.5, and 2 wt.% were successfully melt processed using corotating twin extrusion and compression molding technique. The effect of PEG and CuO nanofiller on the HDPE matrix were studied, particularly for the percolation threshold for electrical conductivity, structural morphology, and other properties including thermal stability, thermal conductivity (TC), dielectric, and UV protection properties. It is observed that PEG acts as a good compatibilizer, facilitating better interfacial connection between CNF and HDPE matrix. The optimized composite with 0.15 wt.% CuO nanorods (H/C6/P4/Cu0.15) shows a fine morphology and strong interfacial connections between fillers and the matrix, as observed in FE‐SEM micrographs. This optimized composite exhibits improved thermal stability, higher thermal conductivity (0.0404 W.K−1.m−1), increased dielectric constant, reduced electrical volume resistivity (from 2.1 × 1015 to 2.1 × 106 Ω.cm), and lower optical band gap value (2.74 eV). Additionally, all prepared nanocomposites offer approximately 100% Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) rating for UV protection.

Highlights

The transformation of insulating HDPE into conducting HDPE composites.

The effect of CuO nanorods was investigated in compatibilized HDPE composites.

A percolation is achieved in the HDPE composite at 0.15 wt.% of CuO nanorods.

PEG and CuO nanorods improved the multifunctional properties of the composite.
Quaternity method for integrated screening, separation, extraction optimization, and bioactivity evaluation of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from Sophora flavescens Aiton
Authors: Zhang Yutong , Zhang Yuchi , Li Sainan , Liu Chunming , Liang Jiaqi , Nong Yuyu , Chen Ming , Sun Ruijun
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Sophora flavescens Aiton (Fabaceae), a ubiquitous plant species in Asia, contains a wide range of pharmacologically active compounds, such as flavonoids, with potential anti‐Alzheimer's disease (anti‐AD) effects.

Objectives

The objective of the study is to develop a quaternity method for the screening, isolation, extraction optimization, and activity evaluation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)‐inhibiting compounds from S. flavescens to realize high‐throughput screening of active substances in traditional Chinese medicine and to provide experimental data for the development of anti‐AD drugs.

Methods

With AChE as the target molecule, affinity ultrafiltration and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry were applied to screen for potential inhibitors of the enzyme in S. flavescens. Orthogonal array experiments combined with the multi‐objective Non‐Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III was used for the first time to optimize the process for extracting the active substances. Enzyme inhibition kinetics and molecular docking studies were performed to verify the potential anti‐AD effects of the active compounds.

Results

Five AChE‐inhibiting compounds were identified: kushenol I, kurarinone, sophoraflavanone G, isokurarinone, and kushenol E. These were successfully separated at purities of 72.88%, 98.55%, 96.86%, 96.74%, and 95.84%, respectively, using the n‐hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (4.0/5.0/4.0/5.0, v/v/v/v), n‐hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (5.0/5.0/6.0/4.0, v/v/v/v), and n‐hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (4.9/5.1/5.7/4.3, v/v/v/v) mobile phase systems. Enzyme inhibition kinetics revealed that kushenol E had the best inhibitory effect.

Conclusion

This study elucidates the mechanism of action of five active AChE inhibitors in S. flavescens and provides a theoretical basis for the screening and development of anti‐AD and other therapeutic drugs.
Effectiveness of edaravone in preventing contrast‐induced nephropathy in high‐risk patients undergoing coronary angiography: A randomized, double‐blind trial
Authors: Esmailnejad Azam , Zununi Vahed Sepideh , Hejazian Seyyedeh Mina , Aslanabadi Naser , Lotfollahhi Gharakhanlu Hassanali , Saraei Majid , Ahmadzadehpournaky Ahmad , Ardalan Kasra , Ardalan Mohammadreza , Ghaffari Bavil Samad
Published: July 2024

Contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) is a serious complication that occurs subsequent to the administration of contrast media for therapeutic angiographic interventions. As of present, no effective therapy exists to prevent its occurrence. This single‐center double‐blind randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effect of edaravone, an antioxidant, in a group of high‐risk patients undergoing coronary angiography. Ninety eligible patients with chronic kidney disease Stages 3–4 were randomly assigned to either the control group (n = 45) or the intervention group (n = 45). In the intervention group, one dosage of edaravone (60 mg) in 1 L of normal saline was infused via a peripheral vein 1 h prior to femoral artery‐directed coronary angiography. Patients in the control group received an equal amount of infusion in their last hour before angiography. Both groups received intravenous hydration with 0.9% sodium 1 mL/kg/h starting 12 h before and continuing for 24 h after angiography. The primary outcome measure was the onset of CIN, defined as a 25% increase in serum creatinine levels 120 h after administration of contrast media. The occurrence of CIN was observed in 5.5% (n = 5) of the studied population: 2.2% of patients in the intervention group (n = 1) and 8.9% of controls (n = 4). However, this difference was not statistically significant. Administration of a single dosage of edaravone 1 h prior to infusion of contrast media led to a reduction in the incidence of CIN. Further investigations, employing larger sample sizes, are warranted to gain a comprehensive understanding of its efficacy.
Application of a Gallic Acid–Based Oxygen Scavenger Label for the Preservation of L‐Ascorbic Acid in Orange Juice
Authors: Coray Nastasia M. , Yildirim Selçuk
Published: July 2024

Citrus juices are rich sources of antioxidants, including vitamin C, but are prone to oxidation during storage. We investigated the application of gallic acid (GA), an environmentally friendly reducing agent, as active packaging to mitigate this issue. Orange juice was packaged in airtight glass containers both with and without GA‐based oxygen scavenger (GA‐OS) label and stored at 20°C and 4°C. During the storage, we monitored oxygen levels in the headspace and dissolved oxygen concentration in the orange juice, vitamin C content and browning. In the presence of GA‐OS, oxygen levels in the headspace were reduced by half in under 1 h at 21°C and within 2 h at 4°C. Dissolved oxygen concentration decreased 50% after 8 h at 21°C and after 1.2 days at 4°C. In the absence of GA‐OS, vitamin C degraded completely within 30 days at 21°C and 45 days at 4°C. In contrast, GA‐OS nearly fully preserved vitamin C for 105 days at both temperatures. Browning, quantified by delta E, escalated in GA‐OS‐absent samples to 16.79 ± 0.16 at 21°C to 12.19 ± 0.10 at 4°C, whereas GA‐OS samples exhibited no significant browning. Our results underscore GA‐OS's efficacy in preserving the quality of liquid foodstuffs, exemplified by orange juice, suggesting its broad range applicability as active packaging.
Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells respond to DAMPs from injured renal tubular cells
Authors: DeWolf Sean E. , Hawkes Alana A. , Kurian Sunil M. , Gorial Diana E. , Hepokoski Mark L. , Almeida Stephanie S. , Posner Isabella R. , McKay Dianne B.
Published: July 2024

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes distant organ dysfunction through yet unknown mechanisms, leading to multiorgan failure and death. The lungs are one of the most common extrarenal organs affected by AKI, and combined lung and kidney injury has a mortality as high as 60%–80%. One mechanism that has been implicated in lung injury after AKI involves molecules released from injured kidney cells (DAMPs, or damage‐associated molecular patterns) that promote a noninfectious inflammatory response by binding to pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) constitutively expressed on the pulmonary endothelium. To date there are limited data investigating the role of PRRs and DAMPs in the pulmonary endothelial response to AKI. Understanding these mechanisms holds great promise for therapeutics aimed at ameliorating the devastating effects of AKI. In this study, we stimulate primary human microvascular endothelial cells with DAMPs derived from injured primary renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) as an ex‐vivo model of lung injury following AKI. We show that DAMPs derived from injured RTECs cause activation of Toll‐Like Receptor and NOD‐Like Receptor signaling pathways as well as increase human primary pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (HMVEC) cytokine production, cell signaling activation, and permeability. We further show that cytokine production in HMVECs in response to DAMPs derived from RTECs is reduced by the inhibition of NOD1 and NOD2, which may have implications for future therapeutics. This paper adds to our understanding of PRR expression and function in pulmonary HMVECs and provides a foundation for future work aimed at developing therapeutic strategies to prevent lung injury following AKI.
Stabilization of CsPbBr3 Nanowires Through SU‐8 Encapsulation for the Fabrication of Bilayer Microswimmers with Magnetic and Fluorescence Properties
Authors: Wang Haoying , Xiong Junfeng , Cai Yuzhen , Fu Wei , Zhong Yukun , Jiang Teng , Cheang U Kei
Published: July 2024

All‐inorganic cesium lead halide (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite nanocrystals have drawn great interest because of their excellent photophysical properties and potential applications. However, their poor stability in water greatly limited their use in applications that require stable structures. In this work, a facile approach to stabilize CsPbBr3 nanowires is developed by using SU‐8 as a protection medium; thereby creating stable CsPbBr3/SU‐8 microstructures. Through photolithography and layer‐by‐layer deposition, CsPbBr3/SU‐8 is used to fabricate bilayer achiral microswimmers (BAMs), which consist of a top CsPbBr3/SU‐8 layer and a bottom Fe3O4 magnetic layer. Compared to pure CsPbBr3 nanowires, the CsPbBr3/SU‐8 shows long‐term structural and fluorescence stability in water against ultrasonication treatment. Due to the magnetic layer, the motion of the microswimmers can be controlled precisely under a rotating magnetic field, allowing them to swim at low Reynolds number and tumble or roll on surfaces. Furthermore, CsPbBr3/SU‐8 can be used to fabricate various types of planar microstructures with high throughput, high consistency, and fluorescence properties. This work provides a method for the stabilization of CsPbBr3 and demonstrates the potential to mass fabricate planar microstructures with various shapes, which can be used in different applications such as microrobotics.
High‐Performance 2D Ambipolar MoTe2 Lateral Memristors by Mild Oxidation
Authors: Zhao Bochen , Xu Longlong , Peng Ruixuan , Xin Zeqin , Shi Run , Wu Yonghuang , Wang Bolun , Chen Jiayuan , Pan Ting , Liu Kai
Published: July 2024

2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have been intensively explored in memristors for brain‐inspired computing. Oxidation, which is usually unavoidable and harmful in 2D TMDCs, could also be used to enhance their memristive performances. However, it is still unclear how oxidation affects the resistive switching behaviors of 2D ambipolar TMDCs. In this work, a mild oxidation strategy is developed to greatly enhance the resistive switching ratio of ambipolar 2H‐MoTe2 lateral memristors by more than 10 times. Such an enhancement results from the amplified doping due to O2 and H2O adsorption and the optimization of effective gate voltage distribution by mild oxidation. Moreover, the ambipolarity of 2H‐MoTe2 also enables a change of resistive switching direction, which is uncommon in 2D memristors. Consequently, as an artificial synapse, the MoTe2 device exhibits a large dynamic range (≈200) and a good linearity (1.01) in long‐term potentiation and depression, as well as a high‐accuracy handwritten digit recognition (>96%). This work not only provides a feasible and effective way to enhance the memristive performance of 2D ambipolar materials, but also deepens the understanding of hidden mechanisms for RS behaviors in oxidized 2D materials.
An Active Strategy to Reduce Residual Alkali for High‐Performance Layered Oxide Cathode Materials of Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Feng Lihua , Guo Jinze , Sun Chujun , Xiao Xin , Feng Lijie , Hao Youchen , Sun Guojie , Tian Ziqi , Li Tingting , Li Yong , Jiang Yinzhu
Published: July 2024

Residual alkali is one of the biggest challenges for the commercialization of sodium‐based layered transition metal oxide cathode materials since it can even inevitably appear during the production process. Herein, taking O3‐type Na0.9Ni0.25Mn0.4Fe0.2Mg0.1Ti0.05O2 as an example, an active strategy is proposed to reduce residual alkali by slowing the cooling rate, which can be achieved in one‐step preparation method. It is suggested that slow cooling can significantly enhance the internal uniformity of the material, facilitating the reintegration of Na+ into the bulk material during the calcination cooling phase, therefore substantially reducing residual alkali. The strategy can remarkably suppress the slurry gelation and gas evolution and enhance the structural stability. Compared to naturally cooled cathode materials, the capacity retention of the slowly cooled electrode material increases from 76.2% to 85.7% after 300 cycles at 1 C. This work offers a versatile approach to the development of advanced cathode materials toward practical applications.
Graphene via Microwave Expansion of Graphite Followed by Cryo‐Quenching and its Application in Electrostatic Droplet Switching
Authors: Chahal Sumit , Sahay Trisha , Li Zhixuan , Sharma Raju Kumar , Kumari Ekta , Bandyopadhyay Arkamita , Kumari Puja , Jyoti Ray Soumya , Vinu Ajayan , Kumar Prashant
Published: July 2024

Monoelemental atomic sheets (Xenes) and other 2D materials offer record electronic mobility, high thermal conductivity, excellent Young's moduli, optical transparency, and flexural capability, revolutionizing ultrasensitive devices and enhancing performance. The ideal synthesis of these quantum materials should be facile, fast, scalable, reproducible, and green. Microwave expansion followed by cryoquenching (MECQ) leverages thermal stress in graphite to produce high‐purity graphene within minutes. MECQ synthesis of graphene is reported at 640 and 800 W for 10 min, followed by liquid nitrogen quenching for 5 and 90 min of sonication. Microscopic and spectroscopic analyses confirmed the chemical identity and phase purity of monolayers and few‐layered graphene sheets (200–12 µm). Higher microwave power yields thinner layers with enhanced purity. Molecular dynamics simulations and DFT calculations support the exfoliation under these conditions. Electrostatic droplet switching is demonstrated using MECQ‐synthesized graphene, observing electrorolling of a mercury droplet on a BN/graphene interface at voltages above 20 V. This technique can inspire the synthesis of other 2D materials with high purity and enable new applications.
The role of achievement goals in productive collaborative argumentation
Authors: Li Xiaoshan , Peng Chong
Published: July 2024

Collaborative argumentation has been recognized as a powerful means to facilitate conceptual change of scientific concepts for which students have robust misconceptions. However, eliciting and maintaining collaborative argumentation that yields such productive outcomes is known to be difficult. Specifically, social‐motivational antecedents have not yet been explored. Over 13 weeks, we conducted a controlled experiment to examine the role of achievement goals in productive collaborative argumentation in the context of scientific concept learning while fully considering the effects on conceptual change, argumentative discourse, and perceptions of conflicts. Three types of achievement goals were identified among 94 undergraduates: mastery goal‐dominant (a focus on developing competence and task mastery), two goals‐balanced (pursuing mastery and performance goals simultaneously) and performance goal‐dominant (a focus on demonstrating competence relative to others). Eighteen homogeneous groups participated in four collaborative argumentation activities concerning four scientific topics of varying controversy levels. The results showed that for highly controversial topics, mastery goal‐dominant students and two goals‐balanced students exhibited greater conceptual change than performance goal‐dominant students over a longer period. Dialogue protocol analysis further revealed a combined pattern of argumentative discourse (i.e., both deliberative argumentation and co‐consensual construction frequently occurred, while disputative argumentation rarely occurred) among mastery goal‐dominant students and two goals‐balanced students concerning highly controversial topics. Responses to stimulated recall interviews also indicated that perceptions of conflicts among the three types of students differed in terms of five aspects: their first impression of disagreements, their feelings in response to peer disagreement, their reasons for changing or maintaining to their original ideas, the meaning of group consensus, and the degrees to which they accepted group consensus. This study sheds light on the role of social‐motivational antecedents, deepening our understanding of whether different achievement goals might orient students to different perceptions of conflicts, triggering different argumentative discourse, producing different conceptual change.
First identification of canine parvovirus ‐2a/2b variant in unvaccinated domestic dogs with gastrointestinal signs in Türkiye
Authors: SALTIK Hasbi Sait , KOÇ B Taylan
Published: July 2024

Background

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV‐2) is the most common enteric virus that infects canids. CPV is the causative agent of a contagious disease defined mostly by clinical gastrointestinal signs in dogs. During the late 1970s, CPV‐2 emerged as a new virus capable of infecting domestic dogs and growing across the world. The VP2 gene stands out as a key determinant in the pathogenicity, antigenicity, and host interactions of CPV‐2.

Aims

The molecular characterization of the VP2 gene is crucial for understanding CPV evolution and epidemiology.

Materials & Methods

Genes encoding the VP2 protein were sequenced and compared to reference strains worldwide. The maximum likelihood method was used to build a phylogenetic tree using CPV VP2 gene nucleotide sequences.

Results

Our phylogenetic analysis of the VP2 gene revealed that five strains were very similar and clustered together, and three strains were in the 2b clade, whereas the other two were in the 2a/2b clade.

Discussion

This paper reports the molecular characterization of two novel CPV‐2a/2b subtypes in dogs with gastrointestinal symptoms. Genetic analysis was conducted on a CPV genomic region encompassing one of the open reading frames (ORFs) encoding the structural protein VP2. Sequence analysis indicates new and unreported sequence changes, mainly affecting the VP2 gene, which includes the mutations Ser297Ala and Leu87Met. This study represents the first evidence of a new CPV‐2a/2b subtype in Türkiye. Due to VP2's crucial role in encoding the capsid protein of CPV‐2 and its significant involvement in the host‐virus interaction, it is critical to closely monitor its evolutionary changes and be cautious while searching for novel or pre‐existing subtypes.

Conclusion

This study highlights the significance of continuous molecular research for acquiring more insights on the circulation of novel CPV mutants.
ELP Estimation
Authors: Olsen Thomas
Published: July 2024

The rationale of the “thin-lens” IOL power calculation formula and the definition of the estimated lens plane (ELP) are explained. Because the ELP is often back-calculated from the observed outcome the ELP is different from the physical position of the IOL. The exact manner by which the ELP is predicted varies between the various formulas, which may take the axial length, the K-reading, the anterior chamber depth, the lens thickness, and other parameters to increase the predictability. However, care should be taken when dealing with post-LASIK eyes, keratoconus, or other unusual eyes. Unlike the “thin-lens” ELP-formulas, the Olsen formula utilizes the C-constant concept, predicting the physical position of the IOL from the position and anatomy of the crystalline lens. Finally, an error propagation model is presented predicting the total IOL prediction error as a function of errors in the ELP prediction (largest source), the keratometry, the axial length reading, and other sources of error.