bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Path integration error and adaptable search behaviors in a mantis shrimp
Authors: Patel Rickesh N. , Cronin Thomas W.
Published: June 2020

Mantis shrimp of the species Neogonodactylus oerstedii occupy small burrows in shallow waters throughout the Caribbean. These animals use path integration, a vector-based navigation strategy, to return to their homes while foraging. Here we report that path integration in N. oerstedii is prone to error accumulated during outward foraging paths and we describe the search behavior that N. oerstedii employs after it fails to locate its home following the route provided by its path integrator. This search behavior forms continuously expanding, non-oriented loops that are centered near the point of search initiation. The radius of this search is scaled to the animal's positional uncertainty during path integration, improving the effectiveness of the search. The search behaviors exhibited by N. oerstedii bear a striking resemblance to search behaviors in other animals, offering potential avenues for the comparative examination of search behaviors and how they are optimized in disparate taxa.
How do C. elegans worms survive in highly viscous habitats?
Authors: Suzuki Yuki , Kikuchi Kenji , Numayama-Tsuruta Keiko , Ishikawa Takuji
Published: June 2020

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a filter feeder, which lives in various viscous habitats such as soil, the intestines of slugs, and rotting materials such as fruits and stems. C. elegans draws in suspensions of bacteria and separates bacteria from water using the pharyngeal pump. Although these worms often live in highly viscous habitats, it is still unclear how they survive in these environments by eating bacteria. In this study, we investigated the effects of suspension viscosity on the survival rate of malnutritioned worms by combining live imaging and scaling analyses. We found that survival rate decreased with increases in viscosity because the high viscosity suppressed the amount of food ingested. The same tendency was found in two feeding defective mutants, eat-6(ad467) and eat-6(ad997). We also found that the high viscosity weakened pump function, but the velocities in the pharynx were not zero, even in the most viscous suspensions. Finally, we estimated the amount of ingested food using scaling analyses, which provided a master curve of the experimental survival rates. These results illustrate that the survival rate of C. elegans worms is strongly dependent on the ingested bacteria per unit time associated with physical environments, such as the viscosity of food suspensions and the number density of bacteria. The pump function of the C. elegans pharynx is not completely lost even in fluids that have 105 times higher viscosity than water, which may contribute to their ability to survive around the world in highly viscous environments.
Plasticity, repeatability, and phenotypic correlations of aerobic metabolic traits in a small estuarine fish
Authors: Reemeyer Jessica E. , Rees Bernard B.
Published: June 2020

Standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), absolute aerobic scope (AAS), and critical oxygen tension (Pcrit) were determined for the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, an ecologically dominant estuarine fish, acclimated to lowered salinity, elevated temperature, and lowered oxygen concentration. Acclimation to low salinity resulted in a small, but significant, elevation of Pcrit (suggesting lower tolerance of hypoxia); acclimation to elevated temperature increased SMR, MMR, AAS, and Pcrit; acclimation to low oxygen led to a small increase in SMR, but substantial decreases in MMR, AAS, and Pcrit. Variation in these metabolic traits among individuals was consistent and repeatable when measured during multiple control exposures over seven months. Trait repeatability was unaffected by acclimation condition suggesting that repeatability of these traits is not context dependent. There were significant phenotypic correlations between specific metabolic traits: SMR was positively correlated with MMR and Pcrit; MMR was positively correlated with AAS; and AAS was negatively correlated with Pcrit. In general, within-individual variation contributed more than among-individual variation to these phenotypic correlations. The effects of acclimation on these traits demonstrate that aerobic metabolism is plastic and influenced by the conditions experienced by these fish in the dynamic habitats in which they occur; however, the repeatability of these traits and the correlations among them suggest that these traits change in ways that maintains the rank order of performance among individuals across a range of environmental variation.
Predictors for Survival in an International Cohort of Patients Undergoing Distal Pancreatectomy for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Korrel M. , Lof S. , van Hilst J. , Alseidi A. , Boggi U. , Busch O. R. , van Dieren S. , Edwin B. , Fuks D. , Hackert T. , Keck T. , Khatkov I. , Malleo G. , Poves I. , Sahakyan M. A. , Bassi C. , Abu Hilal M. , Besselink M. G. ,   for the European Consortium on Minimally Invasive Pancreatic Surgery (E-MIPS)
Published: June 2020

Background

Surgical factors, including resection of Gerota’s fascia, R0-resection, and lymph node yield, may be associated with survival after distal pancreatectomy (DP) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but evidence from large multicenter studies is lacking. This study aimed to identify predictors for overall survival after DP for PDAC, especially those related to surgical technique.

Patients and Methods

Data from an international retrospective cohort including patients from 11 European countries and the USA who underwent DP for PDAC (2007–2015) were analyzed. Cox proportional hazard analyses were performed and included Gerota’s fascia resection, R0 resection, lymph node ratio, extended resection, and a minimally invasive approach.

Results

Overall, 1200 patients from 34 centers with median follow-up of 15 months [interquartile range (IQR) 5–31 months] and median survival period of 30 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 27–33 months] were included. Gerota’s fascia resection [hazard ratio (HR) 0.74; p = 0.019], R0 resection (HR 0.70; p = 0.006), and decreased lymph node ratio (HR 0.28; p < 0.001) were associated with improved overall survival, whereas extended resection (HR 1.75; p < 0.001) was associated with worse overall survival. A minimally invasive approach did not improve survival as compared with an open approach (HR 1.14; p = 0.350). Adjuvant chemotherapy (HR 0.67; p = 0.003) was also associated with improved overall survival.

Conclusions

This international cohort identified Gerota’s fascia resection, R0 resection, and decreased lymph node ratio as factors associated with improved overall survival during DP for PDAC. Surgeons should strive for R0 resection and adequate lymphadenectomy and could also consider Gerota’s fascia resection in their routine surgical approach.
Consensus survey on pre-procedural safety practices in radiological examinations: a multicenter study in seven Asian regions
Authors: Lee Yuan-Hao , Quek Swee Tian , Khong Pek-Lan , Lee Cindy S. , Wu Jim S. , Zhang Lei , Ng Kwan-Hoong , Yang Seoung-Oh , Kudo Kohsuke , Do Kyung-Hyun , Kim Seung Hyup , Chen Dillon C. , Cheng Amy , Leung Joseph Hang , Chang Yeun-Chung , Hsu Hsian-He , Chan Wing P.
Published: June 2020

Objective:

To understand the status of pre-procedural safety practices in radiological examinations at radiology residency training institutions in various Asian regions.

Methods:

A questionnaire based on the Joint Commission International Accreditation Standards was electronically sent to 3 institutions each in 10 geographical regions across 9 Asian countries. Questions addressing 45 practices were divided into 3 categories. A five-tier scale with numerical scores was used to evaluate safety practices in each institution. Responses obtained from three institutions in the United States were used to validate the execution rate of each surveyed safety practice.

Results:

The institutional response rate was 70.0% (7 Asian regions, 21 institutions). 44 practices (all those surveyed except for the application of wrist tags for identifying patients with fall risks) were validated using the US participants. Overall, the Asian participants reached a consensus on 89% of the safety practices. Comparatively, most Asian participants did not routinely perform three pre-procedural practices in the examination appropriateness topic.

Conclusion:

Based on the responses from 21 participating Asian institutions, most routinely perform standard practices during radiological examinations except when it comes to examination appropriateness. This study can provide direction for safety policymakers scrutinizing and improving regional standards of care.

Advances in knowledge:

This is the first multicenter survey study to elucidate pre-procedural safety practices in radiological examinations in seven Asian regions.
Sharp margin and geographic shape: systematic evaluation of two novel CT features in COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Schaible Jan , Meiler Stefanie , Poschenrieder Florian , Scharf Gregor , Zeman Florian , Rennert Janine , Pregler Benedikt , Knobloch Charlotte , Kleine Henning , Grote Sina , Stroszczynski Christian , Zorger Niels , Hamer Okka Wilkea
Published: June 2020

Objective:

CT is important in the care of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. However, specificity might be poor in the absence of a clinical and epidemiological context. The goal of this work was to systematically evaluate two novel CT features (sharp margin and geographic shape) of COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods:

All patients with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction proven COVID-19 pneumonia and chest CT between March first and April 15, 2020 were retrospectively identified from two tertiary care hospitals in Germany. The CTs were evaluated regarding the presence of typical CT signs (e.g. ground glass opacitiy, consolidation, crazy paving). Moreover, the shape of the opacifications (round, geographic, curvilinear) and their margin (unsharp, sharp) was determined.

Results:

The study population comprised 108 patients (64 male) with a mean age of 59.6 years. Ground glass opacities (96%) and consolidation (75%) were the most prevalent CT signs. Crazy paving was seen in 17%, bronchial dilatation in 21%, air bronchogram in 29%, vessel enlargement in 47%, cavitation in 0%, lymphadenopathy in 32%, pleural effusion in 16%. Round configuration of densities was present in 41% of CTs, geographic shape in 27% and curvilinear opacities in 44%. 79% of opacifications were at least partially sharply marginated. In almost all cases, the lung was affected bilaterally (94%).

Conclusion:

The CT pattern of COVID-19 pneumonia in a cohort from Germany was in accordance with prior studies. However, we identified two novel CT signs of COVID-19 pneumonia which have so far not been systematically evaluated. A sharp border and geographic shape of opacifications were frequently observed.

Advances in knowledge:

The newly described CT features “sharp margin” and “geographic shape” of opacifications in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia might help to increase specificity of CT.
Δημόσια σφαίρα και θρησκευτικό επιχείρημα στο πλαίσιο της μετακοσμικής κοινωνίας
Authors: Καλτσάς Σπύρος
Published: June 2020

Το κείμενο επιδιώκει την ανακατασκευή της προβληματικής της θέσης του θρησκευτικού επιχειρήματος στη δημόσια σφαίρα στο πλαίσιο της μετακοσμικής κοινωνίας. Ανατρέχοντας στη σκέψη των John Rawls, Charles Taylor, Jürgen Habermas και William Connolly, θα επιδιώξω την ανασυγκρότηση των πολλαπλών και πολυσύνθετων διαστάσεων της θέσης του θρησκευτικού επιχειρήματος στη μετακοσμική δημόσια σφαίρα με άξονα τη συνθήκη του πλουραλισμού από την οποία χαρακτηρίζονται οι νεωτερικές κοσμικές κοινωνίες. Το κείμενο κλείνει με την κριτική ανασύνθεση της προβληματικής στη σκέψη των Taylor και Connolly αναδεικνύοντας παράλληλα τη σημασία που έχει η διάσταση της διυποκειμενικής εγκυρότητας των διαβουλεύσεων στη δημόσια σφαίρα μέσα από μια κριτική προσέγγιση της θεώρησης του Habermas.   Λέξεις κλειδιά: Δημόσια σφαίρα, θρησκευτικό επιχείρημα, μετακοσμική κοινωνία, πλουραλισμός.  Abstract  This paper addresses the question of the role of religious argument in the post-secular public sphere in the thought of John Rawls, Charles Taylor, Jürgen Habermas and William Connolly. In order to highlight the complex and multiple dimensions of this subject, I will focus on the importance of pluralism as the mediating concept between religious argumentation and the public sphere. In the concluding section of the paper I will provide a constructive criticism of Taylor’s and Connolly’s arguments and I will defend Habermas’s reconstruction of the intersubjective validity of deliberations in the post-secular public sphere through a critical account of his thought. Keywords: Public sphere, religious argument, post-secular society, pluralism.
Social, ethical and behavioural aspects of COVID-19
Authors: Pan-ngum Wirichada , Poomchaichote Tassawan , Cuman Giulia , Cheah Phee-Kheng , Waithira Naomi , Mukaka Mavuto , Naemiratch Bhensri , Kulpijit Natinee , Chanviriyavuth Rita , Asarath Supa-at , Ruangkajorn Supanat , Silan Margherita , Stoppa Silvia , Zuanna Gianpiero Della , Ongkili Darlene , Cheah Phaik Kin , Osterrieder Anne , Schneiders Mira , Mackworth-Young Constance R.S. , Cheah Phaik Yeong
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Vaccines and drugs for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 require robust evidence generated from clinical trials before they can be used. Decisions on how to apply non-pharmaceutical interventions such as quarantine, self-isolation, social distancing and travel restrictions should also be based on evidence. There are some experiential and mathematical modelling data for these interventions, but there is a lack of data on the social, ethical and behavioural aspects of these interventions in the literature.

Therefore, our study aims to produce evidence to inform (non-pharmaceutical) interventions such as communications, quarantine, self-isolation, social distancing, travel restrictions and other public health measures for the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: The study will be conducted in the United Kingdom, Italy, Malaysia, Slovenia and Thailand. We propose to conduct 600-1000 quantitative surveys and 25-35 qualitative interviews per country. Data collection will follow the following four themes: (1) Quarantine and self-isolation (2) social distancing and travel restrictions (3) wellbeing and mental health (4) information, misinformation and rumours. In light of limitations of travel and holding in-person meetings, we will primarily use online/remote methods for collecting data. Study participants will be adults who have provided informed consent from different demographic, socio-economic and risk groups.

Discussion: At the time of the inception of the study, United Kingdom, Italy, Malaysia, Slovenia and Thailand have initiated strict public health measures and varying degrees of “lockdowns” to curb the pandemic. These public health measures will change in the coming weeks and months depending on the number of cases of COVID-19 in the respective countries. The data generated from our study could inform these strategies in real time.
Detection of a novel insect-specific flavivirus across ecologically diverse populations of Aedes aegypti on the Caribbean island of Saint Lucia
Authors: Jeffries Claire L. , White Mia , Wilson Louisia , Yakob Laith , Walker Thomas
Published: June 2020

Background. Outbreaks of mosquito-borne arboviral diseases including dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), yellow fever virus (YFV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) have recently occurred in the Caribbean. The geographical range of the principle vectors responsible for transmission, Aedes (Ae.) aegypti and Ae. albopictus is increasing and greater mosquito surveillance is needed in the Caribbean given international tourism is so prominent. The island of Saint Lucia has seen outbreaks of DENV and CHIKV in the past five years but vector surveillance has been limited with the last studies dating back to the late 1970s. Natural disasters have changed the landscape of Saint Lucia and the island has gone through significant urbanisation.

Methods. In this study, we conducted an entomological survey of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus distribution across the island and analysed environmental parameters associated with the presence of these species in addition to screening for medically important arboviruses and other flaviviruses.

Results. Although we collected Ae. aegypti across a range of sites across the island, no Ae. albopictus were collected despite traps being placed in diverse ecological settings. The number of Ae. aegypti collected was significantly associated with higher elevation, and semi-urban settings yielded female mosquito counts per trap-day that were five-fold lower than urban settings. Screening for arboviruses revealed a high prevalence of a novel insect-specific flavivirus closely related to cell fusing agent virus (CFAV).

Conclusions. Outbreaks of arboviruses transmitted by Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus have a history of occurring in small tropical islands and Saint Lucia is particularly vulnerable given the limited resources available to undertake vector control and manage outbreaks. Surveillance strategies can identify risk areas for predicting future outbreaks and further research is needed to determine the diversity of current mosquito species and this should be extended to the neighbouring smaller Caribbean islands.
A multi-criteria decision-making approach for schizophrenia treatment techniques
Authors: Ozsahin Ilker , Abebe Samuel , Mok Greta
Published: June 2020

Aim of the study

There are different schizophrenia treatment approaches used to manage the disorder. The objective of this study is to show that the multi-criteria decision-making approach can be applied for selecting the most appropriate schizophrenia treatment. We propose the use of the fuzzy Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment of Evaluations (PROMETHEE) technique for evaluating and comparing schizophrenia treatment techniques.

Subject or material and methods

The most commonly used therapy techniques for schizophrenia, namely pharmacotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, psychoeducation program, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and electroconvulsive therapy were selected. The side effects, efficacy, time of treatment, cost of treatment, and comfort level were used as the criteria for the analysis. Criteria weights and preference function were used while computing the difference of alternatives contribution. After defining the values of each criteria, we set the weights and the preference function, and finally obtained the results with the Decision Lab program for two different cases: high importance is given to the efficacy, side effects, and patient comfort; the same level of importance is given to all criteria.

Results

The results show that pharmacotherapy is the most preferred technique in both cases, while other techniques have different stages in the complete ranking based on the assigned weights.

Discussion

One can easily adapt more treatment techniques and criteria and assign their weights based on a specific patient profile.

Conclusions

he proposed technique for the decision-making process is an important tool that can be considered by clinicians as well as patients/families in selecting the most appropriate treatment technique.
Psychosocial context of the decision-making process and the consequences of preventive procedures in a patient with BRCA1 genetic mutation
Authors: Michałowska Sylwia
Published: June 2020

Background: Patients with a genetic mutation that increases the risk of cancer are often offered preventive surgery - mastectomy and adnaxectomy. The objective of this case report is to present the psychosocial context of the decision to perform prophylactic breast and ovarian removal surgery and the consequences of the indicated procedures on the example of a patient with the BRCA1 genetic mutation, to adapt educational activities and support for patients.
Case presentation: Patient with BRCA1 genetic mutation, without cancer diagnosis - now and in the past. Cancers occurred in the family. Due to high cancer risk, in 2018 performed two preventive procedures - mastectomy and adnaxectomy. The decision to carry out preventive surgical procedures made two years after receiving a recommendation from a geneticist, which was due to the family situation and the patient's responsibilities. The decision was associated with a special mental state which means that the risk of cancer may contribute to the patient's feeling of fear or recurring concerns about their health and requires meeting specific support needs.
Conclusions: Patient needs covered educational or emotional and social aspects, but also support provided by qualified specialists and medical staff. The patient's experience described indicates that specialist psychological help is needed not only at the stage preceding the decision to carry out preventive surgical procedures, but also after their execution, because it is associated with changes that affect the patient's daily life and, consequently, her psychophysical condition.
The role of gut microbiota in selected neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Nalewajska Magdalena , Lisak Marcin , Marchelek – Myśliwiec Małgorzata , Dziedziejko Violetta , Pawlik Andrzej
Published: June 2020

The gut microbiota consists of multiple microorganisms including bacteria, viruses and fungi and is referred to as the largest organ of the human body. The relationship between the host and its microbiota is of a mutualistic kind. In physiological conditions, microbiota produce vitamins, enable harvesting energy from undigested carbohydrates and ensure valid functioning of host immunity. The complicated network of connections and signalling, the so called cross-talk, warrants the metabolic and immunological homeostasis of the host. There is emerging evidence that the microbiota is the key component of the gut-brain axis, and its composition provides undisturbed functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) through various mechanisms, including neuronal pathways, production of bacterial metabolites and immune mediators. Alteration in gut microbiota has been linked to an occurrence of various neuropsychiatric disorders, i.e. autism, schizophrenia and depression. The gut-brain axis is the subject of many preclinical and clinical studies, as it is assumed that the insight into the underlying mechanisms of these complex interactions could be beneficial in development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neuropsychiatric conditions. This review summarizes literature regarding the gut-brain axis, its functioning and its role in the pathogenesis of selected neuropsychiatric illnesses as well as describes possible therapeutic approaches.
On Mixed-Integer Programming Formulations for the Unit Commitment Problem
Authors: Knueven Bernard , Ostrowski James , Watson Jean-Paul
Published: June 2020

We provide a comprehensive overview of mixed-integer programming formulations for the unit commitment (UC) problem. UC formulations have been an especially active area of research over the past 12 years due to their practical importance in power grid operations, and this paper serves as a capstone for this line of work. We additionally provide publicly available reference implementations of all formulations examined. We computationally test existing and novel UC formulations on a suite of instances drawn from both academic and real-world data sources. Driven by our computational experience from this and previous work, we contribute some additional formulations for both generator production upper bounds and piecewise linear production costs. By composing new UC formulations using existing components found in the literature and new components introduced in this paper, we demonstrate that performance can be significantly improved—and in the process, we identify a new state-of-the-art UC formulation.
Sparse Convex Regression
Authors: Bertsimas Dimitris , Mundru Nishanth
Published: June 2020

We consider the problem of best [Formula: see text]-subset convex regression using [Formula: see text] observations in [Formula: see text] variables. For the case without sparsity, we develop a scalable algorithm for obtaining high quality solutions in practical times that compare favorably with other state of the art methods. We show that by using a cutting plane method, the least squares convex regression problem can be solved for sizes [Formula: see text] in minutes and [Formula: see text] in hours. Our algorithm can be adapted to solve variants such as finding the best convex or concave functions with coordinate-wise monotonicity, norm-bounded subgradients, and minimize the [Formula: see text] loss—all with similar scalability to the least squares convex regression problem. Under sparsity, we propose algorithms which iteratively solve for the best subset of features based on first order and cutting plane methods. We show that our methods scale for sizes [Formula: see text] in minutes and [Formula: see text] in hours. We demonstrate that these methods control for the false discovery rate effectively.
Proximal-Like Incremental Aggregated Gradient Method with Linear Convergence Under Bregman Distance Growth Conditions
Authors: Zhang Hui , Dai Yu-Hong , Guo Lei , Peng Wei
Published: June 2020

We introduce a unified algorithmic framework, called the proximal-like incremental aggregated gradient (PLIAG) method, for minimizing the sum of a convex function that consists of additive relatively smooth convex components and a proper lower semicontinuous convex regularization function over an abstract feasible set whose geometry can be captured by using the domain of a Legendre function. The PLIAG method includes many existing algorithms in the literature as special cases, such as the proximal gradient method, the Bregman proximal gradient method (also called the NoLips algorithm), the incremental aggregated gradient method, the incremental aggregated proximal method, and the proximal incremental aggregated gradient method. It also includes some novel interesting iteration schemes. First, we show that the PLIAG method is globally sublinearly convergent without requiring a growth condition, which extends the sublinear convergence result for the proximal gradient algorithm to incremental aggregated-type first-order methods. Then, by embedding a so-called Bregman distance growth condition into a descent-type lemma to construct a special Lyapunov function, we show that the PLIAG method is globally linearly convergent in terms of both function values and Bregman distances to the optimal solution set, provided that the step size is not greater than some positive constant. The convergence results derived in this paper are all established beyond the standard assumptions in the literature (i.e., without requiring the strong convexity and the Lipschitz gradient continuity of the smooth part of the objective). When specialized to many existing algorithms, our results recover or supplement their convergence results under strictly weaker conditions.
Becoming a family caregiver of a patient living with cancer
Authors: Serçekuş Pınar
Published: June 2020

Background:

There is insufficient information on how the burden of caregiving is affected when the family caregiver is a health professional. Studies are needed to investigate this issue.

Aims:

The purpose of this study was to reveal difficulties experienced by a nurse family caregiver offering care to a family member diagnosed with end-stage cancer and how she coped with these difficulties.

Methods:

This was an autoethnographic study.

Findings:

Findings were grouped under three headings: being both a researcher and a subject; effects of caregiving; and coping.

Conclusions:

Offering care to a cancer patient has many physiological and psychological effects. If a family caregiver is a health professional, his/her caregiving burden can be even higher. Cultural values affect both life and coping ways of caregivers. It should be kept in mind that family caregivers need support from health professionals whatever their occupations are. Support to caregivers plays an important role in their coping.
Extended-hours palliative care service with a hospital-avoidance and enhanced-care approach: report of a quality improvement project
Authors: Keall Robyn , Lovell Melanie
Published: June 2020

Background:

A community palliative care service (CPCS) identified its after-hours support as sub-optimal in avoiding acute hospitalisation and supporting patients to remain at home. It created and conducted a pilot of an extended hours palliative care service (EHPCS) using current resources.

Aims:

To evaluate the efficacy of an extended hours palliative care service pilot.

Methods:

Retrospective chart review of after-hours calls taken before the trial, usual care, was undertaken. During the trial, quantitative data was gathered of the outcome of each after-hours call, including outcomes of occasion of service, reason for and length and times of calls.

Findings:

The extended hours palliative care service, compared with usual care, showed an almost 50% decrease in acute hospitalisation, nearly doubled after-hours palliative care unit admission and a 17% increase in patients staying in their home. EHPCS was positively received by CPCS staff, despite cost and workforce impact.

Conclusions:

EHPCS can positively impact on reducing avoidable hospitalisations and facilitate palliative care patients to be in their preferred place of care.
Effects of an Intervention Programme on the Phonological Awareness of Spanish Children at Risk of Developing
Authors: Gonzalez-Valenzuela Maria-Jose , Martin-Ruiz Isaias
Published: June 2020

The majority of research on the relationship between phonological awareness and written language focuses on demonstrating the influence of the former on the latter. However, the aim of this study is to analyse the effects of an Early Years written language programme on phonological awareness. The sample comprises 56 Spanish children aged 5-7 who are at risk of developing learning disabilities. A mixed design was used, with four assessments and three intervention stages, two study variables (syllable and phoneme awareness) and two groups (instructed and uninstructed). The results show that instructed groups achieved better scores for phonological awareness in all the assessments. The findings corroborate the short and medium-term efficacy of systemic and structured intervention in reading and writing with regard to the acquisition of phonological awareness among young Spanish children at risk of developing learning disabilities.
Improving Executive Functions in Elementary Schoolchildren
Authors: Korzeniowski Celina , Morelato Gabriela , Greco Carolina , Monteoliva Juan Manuel
Published: June 2020

Executive Functions (EFs) describe a set of cognitive control abilities that help children to develop self-regulated behavior and do well in their schooling. The promotion of EFs in children at social risk is an area of relevance for neurosciences and education. On this basis, the present study set out to analyze a school-based intervention targeted to strengthening EFs in Argentine children at social risk. Participants were 69 children from 8 to 10 years old, from an urban-marginalized federal school in Mendoza. A quasi-experimental pre-test post-test design was used, with a control group. The cognitive intervention was embedded in the school curriculum and was carried out for a month and a half. The schoolchildren were evaluated before and after the intervention with EFs’ neuropsychological tests. The main results showed that the group cognitive intervention was associated with gains in the schoolchildren’s attention processes, although it did not favor other EFs, which could indicate moderate effectiveness. These data provide evidence in favor of ecological interventions as a way to promote attention development trajectories in children at social risk, and in turn, draw up guidelines to reflect on the design and the modalities of school-based interventions.
Leveraging social networks for offline crowdfunding in rural communities
Authors: Woolard Nathan A. , Steigner Tanja
Published: June 2020

Purpose
 As a result of the US JOBS Act, Regulation Crowdfnding went into effect in June of 2017, allowing non-accredited investors in the US for the first time to purchase securities in local start-ups. Ahead of the JOBS Act, Kansas established its own intrastate initiative
in 2011, known as the Invest Kansas Exemption (IKE, 2011). The purpose of this paper is to explore how IKE participants describe the social and communal impact on their community crowdfunding success.
 Design/methodology/approach
 For this qualitative case study,
we interviewed start-up businesses, economic champions, and SEC representatives in Kansas to determine the importance of social networks for entrepreneurs in offline community public offerings, what projects are fundable, and who to tap for capital and how to tap them.
 Findings

Leaning heavily on social capital theory (Davidsson & Honig, 2003; Lin, Ensel, & Vaughn, 1981), we find that a successful community crowdfunding campaign requires community connections, economic champions, destination businesses, forward-thinkers, return to the community, and transparency.

Limitations
 While the federal JOBS Act will present future opportunities for research, this study aimed to find social motivations behind participating in a regulation crowdfunding campaign, and is limited to participants in one US state.
 Implications

The study provides insight into the social and communal aspect of crowdfunding investors, helping to expand further academic understanding of social capital as it pertains to business start-ups.
 Contribution
 This original study should be of broad interest to the
social business academic community interested in understanding the social motivations of investing in a microlending campaign, as well as of practical relevance to entrepreneurs, and to community leaders who may seek those investors.
Silicon optical filter with multiple semi-rings
Authors: Wan Jing , Miao Jiangyun , You Jinwen , Xu Linlin , Xie Xinyue
Published: June 2020

In this article, we propose a silicon optical filter utilizing multiple semi-rings to realize optical filtering. The structure of such filters is simple, adjustable, and integrated. By changing the number and spacing distance of semi-rings, the properties of the optical filter can be flexibly adjusted to meet different application requirements. Research results show that the optical filter has a 3 dB bandwidth of 2.52 nm, a free spectral range of 11.33 nm, and a finesse of 4.50. The silicon optical filter with multiple semi-rings is compared with a Mach–Zehnder-interferometer-based optical filter with the traditional structure, and it shows better performance. To the best of our knowledge, our work provides a new method for finding adjustable optical filters with compact structure and good performance.
Nonlinear dynamical control of the giant resonant Goos–Hanchen shift
Authors: Zharov Alexander A. , Zharova Nina A. , Zharov Alexander A.
Published: June 2020

An analytical approach is developed for the calculation of the dynamical Goos–Hanchen (GH) shift in a layered dielectric structure, which provides waveguiding of a high-quality-factor leaky eigenmode and lateral energy transfer. The analysis is based on the master equation for slow amplitude of the mode excited by impinging light, and it allows us to relate reflected and transmitted fields to the incident radiation in a general case of nonlinear and non-stationary processes. The corresponding numerical calculations demonstrate giant GH shifts for the reflected and transmitted beams. It is shown that the value and sign of the GH shift for the reflected and transmitted beams can be controlled by the incident field intensity and/or incident pulse duration.
Tailoring the waveguide dispersion of nonlinear fibers for supercontinuum generation with superior intrapulse coherence
Authors: Mei Chao , Steinmeyer Günter
Published: June 2020

Spectral coherence is an important prerequisite for many applications of femtosecond supercontinua, including precision frequency metrology, attosecond science, and high-field physics. These applications often critically depend on measurement of the carrier-envelope phase via

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interferometry. As mode-locked laser sources cannot directly provide octave-spanning spectra, one typically resorts to spectral broadening in highly nonlinear optical fibers to generate the necessary spectral coverage. This process comes with a caveat, as coherence can be severely degraded in the broadening process. This degradation can be mitigated by suitable choice of a fiber dispersion profile. Here we numerically investigate prototypical fiber designs and analyze their susceptibility to coherence degradation. It is found that the generally favored soliton fission process provides the best broadening efficiency at the expense of rather scarce coherence conditions. Sufficient pulse energy provided, all-normally dispersive fiber designs fare far better in terms of spectral coherence. Finally, fiber designs with flattened normal dispersion provide the best compromise between efficiency and resulting spectral coherence. Our study indicates that the spectral width of a supercontinuum may be deceiving. Even when compressible into a short pulse, this does not automatically qualify for sufficient spectral coherence to conduct carrier-envelope-phase-sensitive experiments. The numerical simulations in this study provide a guideline for coherent spectral broadening. In turn, these guidelines may help to improve carrier-envelope phase stabilization and, in particular, to enable stabilization of laser oscillators that have previously proven difficult to stabilize.
Refractive index spectroscopy and material dispersion in fused silica glass
Authors: Arosa Yago , de la Fuente Raúl
Published: June 2020

In this study, we aimed to measure material dispersion in fused silica using a low coherence interferometric method. The measurement was carried out quickly and efficiently in a wide spectral range using this method. The refractive index and group index of fused silica were determined by capturing a few interferograms. The material dispersion was modeled using a Sellmeier equation with three resonances. Three different fits were investigated; the most appropriate fit was the one that used both the measured refractive and group indexes to model the dispersion. Second-order dispersion was also quantified, and zero-dispersion wavelength was determined.
Writing about health in a women’s magazine: Journalists’ discursive constructions of health, agency and science
Authors: Declercq Jana
Published: June 2020

This article examines women’s magazine journalists’ discourses and ideologies of health, agency and science, and how these are shaped by journalists’ attitudes to health, and views on the magazine and readership. Health coverage has grown, and impacts behaviour, governmental policy and societal notions of health. Consequently, it is essential to understand how journalists construct notions of health, and how these notions feed into production processes. To examine the journalists’ discourses and ideologies on health, eight research interviews were analysed. The analysis shows that journalists construct health as a subjective, dynamic experience of feeling well, in which patients’ individual agency is central. This is consolidated by their view on readers as intelligent and independent, who read health content to become more well-informed. This neo-liberal view on health and agency leads to perspectives in which scientific expertise as no longer seen the only source of expertise to self-manage health, but as part of a bigger information landscape which includes pseudo-scientific information. This, in turn, is consolidated by ideas on open-minded journalism: good journalists are non-biased, consider all expertise, and let intelligent readers decide what is relevant knowledge.
Designed for diabetic health!: Exploratory sneaker changing the direction in footwear for the Black community
Authors: Davis LaPorchia
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this design concept was to create a stylish diabetic sneaker for individuals with diabetes. The creation of a sneaker design to accommodate diabetic foot conditions is a distinct need in the special footwear industry. Health-related preventive measures that would make a sneaker more comfortable yet fashionable for communities of people of colour who have diabetes were explored. By promoting awareness of preventions that can be undertaken to improve the quality of life for individuals with diabetes, this sneaker design concept, which incorporates health-related features, will help change the direction of sneaker design for individuals with diabetes in the Black community and will enhance their efforts to be more physically active.
INVENTARISASI, DISTRIBUSI, DAN POLA PENYEBARAN Rhododendron EPIFIT DI KEBUN RAYA EKA KARYA BALI
Authors: Warseno Tri , Iryadi Rajif , Putri Dyan Meiningsasi Siswoyo
Published: June 2020

Epiphytic Rhododendrons is an important component in an ecosystem, but there is not much information and studies related to its ecology. This research aims to inventory and study the distribution and distribution patterns of Rhododendron populations that grow naturally in Eka Karya Botanic Gardens Bali (KREK). Random sampling method was employed to census the host trees especially old ones (more than 20 years) that overgrown with Rhododendrons. The results showed that there is one species of epiphytic Rhododendron identified in the KREK, namely Rhododendron javanicum. It is found typically in thin substrate thickness with moderate light intensity, mostly in zone III and IV. There were five host species, namely Bischofia javanica Blume, Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laub., Glochidion rubrum Blume, Prunus sp., and Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. with a total number of 31 trees. The results of this study would provide considerations for KREK managers to conserve, develop and utilize policies of epiphytic Rhododendron species.
PENGARUH JENIS EKSPLAN DAN KOMBINASI ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH (ZPT) TERHADAP INDUKSI KALUS Begonia bimaensis Undaharta & Ardaka SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Hendriyani Ema , Warseno Tri , Undaharta Ni Kadek Erosi
Published: June 2020

Begonia bimaensis Undaharta & Ardaka is a potential ornamental plant, and currently known only from one population in Sumbawa. Propagation programs, both conventional and in vitro culture are necessary to ensure its conservation. The aim of this research is to observe the effects of explant types and plant growth regulator combination (2,4-D and kinetin) in inducing callus from B. bimaensis leaf in vitro. Callus induction was initiated from three parts of leaf explant, namely petiole, leaf base, and leaf lamina. The explants were planted on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium with addition of 2,4-D and kinetin. Concentrations of 2,4-D were 0, 0.5, and 1 ppm, while kinetin concentrations were 0, 1, and 2 ppm. Each treatment was replicated 10 times. Results showed that leaf base was the best explant used for callus induction. Medium D1K2 (MS + 1 ppm kinetin) showed the fastest time for callus induction that was at 20 days after planting. The highest percentage of callus production (100%) was found on D1K3 (MS + 2ppm kinetin); D2K2 (MS + 0.5ppm 2,4-D + 1 ppm kinetin); D2K3 (MS + 0.5ppm 2,4-D + 2ppm kinetin) and D3K2 (MS + 1ppm 2,4-D + 1ppm kinetin).
TERIPANG SEBAGAI SALAH SATU SUMBER KOLAGEN
Authors: Kumayanjati Bayu
Published: June 2020

Sea cucumbers are one of the Echinoderms that are rich in nutrients. Sea cucumbers contain a lot of minerals, unsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, and quite high protein. Protein content in sea cucumbers can reach 40% depending on the type and habitat of the sea cucumber. High protein content in sea cucumbers has the potential as a source of collagen. Collagen is a constituent protein found in the skin, tendons, cartilage and hard bones, and other tissues. Collagen currently has been widely applied in various industrial fields, such as cosmetics, health, pharmacy and food, so that the requirement for collagen will increase. Collagen currently is still dominated by collagen from cattle and pigs. Collagen from cattle is the most widely used in Indonesia because the halal collagen is important in Indonesia. The requirement for halal collagen will certainly be limited if it only relies on collagen from cattle. Therefore, alternative sources of collagen are needed, one of them is sea cucumbers.
Use of retail market data to assess prices and flows of non-wood forest products in Latvia
Authors: Bārdule Arta , Jūrmalis Edgars , Lībiete Zane , Pauliņa Ilze , Donis Jānis , Treimane Agita
Published: June 2020

In northern Europe, largest part of non-wood forest products (NWFPs) are gathered for recreational purposes and household consumption, but considerable amount of forest berries and mushrooms are sold as well. Retail market, largely invisible for the official statistics, reveals the lifestyle-related aspects of NWFP trade and may help to understand the flows of this ecosystem service when information on wholesale trade is inaccessible. The prices and flows of most common NWFPs â edible berries, mushrooms and tree sap â in the retail market in Latvia in 2017 and 2018 were analysed based on direct interviews with the sellers in marketplaces and telephone interviews with online retailers. The mean retail prices of NWFPs were compared between statistical regions and years and correlated with socio-economic data and forest characteristics. The directions of the NWFP flows were analysed according to the place of origin and place of retail sales. The highest prices were recorded for stinkhorn ( Pers.) and spp. among mushrooms, for wild strawberries ( L.) among berries and for maple ( L.) sap in the product group of tree sap. The retail price of the same products differed between years, most likely due to the product availability, largely caused by meteorological conditions. In more than half of the cases of recorded sales, NWFPs were consumed in the same region as they were gathered. For other cases of sales, the capital, RÄ«ga, was the main service benefitting area of NWFP retail trade, and the largest part of the products originated from the two closest statistical regions.Phallus impudicusBoletesFragaria vescaAcer platanoides
A III. progresszivitási szint nehézségeiről az aktuális magyar egészségügyben néhány logisztikai összefüggés tükrében
Authors: Kiss Tímea , Gál József
Published: June 2020

Manapság sok cikk és könyv olvasható a magyar egészségügy problémáiról. A legfontosabb témák például az orvosok és az orvosi személyzet migrációja és külföldön történő munkavégzése, valamint a pénzügyi nehézségek. Ezért sok munka azokra az emberekre hárul, akik itt maradnak, és itt dolgoznak. Végtelen munkaidővel rendelkeznek, az elismerés (sem pénzzel, sem megbecsültséggel) és a reménytelenség érzése mellett. Tény, hogy az öngyilkosság gyakori az orvosok és az egészségügyi szolgáltatók körében. Másrészt a betegeknek sokat kell várniuk a zsúfolt várakozási helyiségekben, és hosszú várakozási listákkal kell szembenézniük, így kétségbeesésük és csalódásuk is érthető. Ezen problémák akár valósak, akár véltek, szükséges velük foglalkozni.