bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Physico-chemical Properties of Soil from Different Blocks of Theni District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Selvi P. Kalai , Thomas Tarence , Swaroop Narendra , Singh Anurag Kumar
Published: June 2023

An assessment of Physico-chemical properties of soil from different blocks of Theni district, Tamil Nadu carried out 2022. The prime objectives of this study were to carry out the physico-chemical properties of soil at different depths of various sites of Andipatti, Theni and Bodi Blocks of Theni District in the state of Tamil Nadu for assessing the availability of macro-nutrient present in soil of selected locations. Soil samples were collected with depth of 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm and 30-45 cm respectively. Soil textural classes were sandy loam. It clearly indicated that soil has good Water Holding Capacity (39.60 to 44.93%) and good physical condition, Bulk Density (0.938 Mg m-3 to 1.365 Mg m-3). Particle Density (2.124 Mg m-3 to 2.866 Mg m-3). % Pore Space (42.143% to 48.118%). The pH of soil is slightly acidic to neutral in nature (5.517 to 6.687) and the Electrical Conductivity (0.121 to 0.229 dS m-1) was suitable for all crops. Organic carbon ranged from medium to high (0.17 to 0.48%). These soils have low Nitrogen (127 kg ha-1 to 252 kg ha-1) in all villages. Phosphorus (9.74 kg ha-1 to 17.8 kg ha-1) content is Medium at eight locations and low at one location. Potassium (82.03 kg ha-1 to 164.26 kg ha-1) is low to medium. Exchangeable calcium (6.26 cmol (p+) kg-1 to 10.26 cmol (p+) kg-1) and Magnesium (1.93 cmol (p+) kg-1 to 5.13 cmol (p+) kg-1) are very sufficient in this soil. There is an including awareness of the need to pay greater attention in the role of macronutrients enhancement in the soil for good soil health and proper nutrition of plant so as to attain optimum economic yield.
Effect of Yoga on Stress Management in Healthcare Professionals: A Systematic Review
Authors: Singh Shalini , Singh Divya , Chaturvedi Kautuk Kishore , Kandhan S. Lakshmi
Published: June 2023

Background: Healthcare professionals are those who work relentlessly to provide care, empathy and support to the patients, therefore they are not able to take care of themselves due to demanding work and stress which affects their personal and professional life.

Yogic practices including asanas, pranayama, and meditation, help to reduce the stress factors in healthcare professionals. Aim of the study is to systematically review the effects of yogic practices on stress management.

Purpose: This review study intends to explain that how healthcare professionals can manage their stress and how they can improve their work efficiency and regulate the emotions. Using Pubmed, Google scholar & Indian database electronic searches were performed using keywords Yoga, Stress management & Healthcare professionals which occurs in 77 studies over a period of time (2010-2020).

Selections were made to include only studies written in English, published in peer reviewed journals & investigating effects of regular yogic practices on stress management in this study.

Summary: Yoga can help healthcare personnel manage their stress. The reasons which contribute to workplace stress were highlighted, along with the belief among healthcare professionals that yoga practices can improve one's physical, emotional, and mental health. Yoga practice further aid to prevent various physical and physiological issues, enhances the quality of sleep and decreases fatigue and exhaustion.

So present study is designed to systematically review the effects of yogic practices on stress management.
Protective Effect of Coscinium fenestratum Bark Extract on Letrozole Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Priya K. Hari , Muralidharan P.
Published: June 2023

Aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of the oral administration of Coscinium fenestratum bark extract in letrozole-induced PCOS in rats.

Methods: Thirty female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups of 6 animals each. Letrozole (1 mg/kg) was administered orally for a period of 21 days to induce PCOS. Control rats received 1 mL/day of distilled water, and the three groups of PCOS rats were given 1mg/kg of clomiphene citrate, 250 mg/kg of Coscinium fenestratum extract and 500 mg/kg of Coscinium fenestratum extract by oral gavage for 15 days. Blood samples were collected and the ovary of rats was removed, weighed, and fixed in 10% buffered formalin to determine the hormonal and antioxidant parameters.

Results: In rats treated with BECF, significant increase in Catalase, Superoxide Dismutase and Lipid peroxidation level was decreased when compared with letrozole group.  Histopathology showed that the BECF treated rats had normal ovarian structure, which was seen distorted due to the PCOS condition in letrozole treated rats. The results show significant decrease in total testosterone level and LH and significant increase in FSH. Therefore, the extract of BECF show significant effect on PCOS rats. The significance p value is >0.001.

Conclusion: Based on these result, the BECF extract and traditional wisdom of this plant when used regularly  can be a good treatment a suitable treatment option for PCOS which can be regularly used.
Analysis of Critical Risk Factors in Five Iconic Major Accidents in Petroleum and Chemical Industries
Authors: Maduabuchi Emeka , Ugbebor John N. , Oyet Gogomari I.
Published: June 2023

This study determined the critical risk factors that influence the risk of major accidents in petroleum and chemical industries. The retrospective study assessed five iconic accidents using the tripod beta analysis methodology. Literatures on five iconic accidents were reviewed, and the immediate causes of the accidents, preconditions and latent failures were analysed using a focused group of process safety professionals. These failures were aggregated into critical risk factors for these major accidents. The findings of this study revealed empirically that there are broadly five critical risk factors that influence the risk of major accidents: (i) design flaws, (ii) site process safety management, (iii) barrier management / control, (iv) operating procedures, and (v) process safety culture. These findings highlight that major accident risks can accumulate “dangerous” from the impairment of safety-critical barriers and that the operators of petroleum and chemical facilities may be blind-sided to the cumulative risk of the impairments. The findings also highlight the need for a proactive risk assessment tool with the capability to check the health of safety-critical barriers on a real time basis, in an operating plant. The use of Tripod Beta as a tool in accident causation analysis is recommended.
Efficacy of perampanel in pediatric epilepsy with known and presumed genetic etiology
Authors: Miao Pu , Zhu Xueying , Jin Wenqin , Yu Lingyan , Li Yanfang , Wang Ye , Su Qunyan , Xu Sha , Wang Shuang , Feng Jianhua
Published: June 2023

Objective

The efficacy of perampanel (PER) in pediatric epilepsy with specific etiologies has not been well established. Here, we investigated outcome and predictors of PER treatment in a pediatric cohort with known and presumed genetic etiology.

Methods

We included pediatric patients with potential genetic epilepsy who received PER treatment and underwent whole‐exome sequencing (WES) from January 2020 to September 2021. All patients were followed up for >12 months.

Results

A total of 124 patients were included. Overall response rates were 51.6% and 49.6% at 6 months and 12 months, respectively. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 27 multiple genes were detected among 58 patients (46.8%) by WES. On performing multivariate logistic regression analysis, only developmental delay (OR = 0.406, P = 0.042) was a negative predictor of treatment response. However, the seizure onset age, positive WES results, and number of ASMs before PER administration were not significantly. Thirteen carriers with variants in the SCN1A gene showed a better response compared to eight patients with other sodium channels (P = 0.007), and to the other 45 patients with positive WES results (OR = 7.124, 95% CI = 1.306–38.860, P = 0.023). Adverse events were only reported in 23 patients, the most common being emotional problems.

Interpretation

PER is safe and efficacious in pediatric patients with known and presumed genetic etiology. The response rate is comparable to that reported in other pediatric populations, and lower among those with developmental delay. A gene‐specific response to PER is found along with better efficacy links to pathogenic variants in the SCN1A gene.
Clinical features and brain MRI volumetric changes in anti‐mGluR5 encephalitis
Authors: Sun Yueqian , Tao James X. , Han Xiong , Wang Xiangqing , Zhu Yulan , Lian Yajun , Ren Guoping , Wang Qun
Published: June 2023

Background

Anti‐metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) encephalitis is a rare and under‐recognized autoimmune encephalitis. This study is conducted to characterize its clinical and neuroimaging features.

Methods

Twenty‐nine patients with anti‐mGluR5 encephalitis (15 new cases identified in this study and 14 previously reported cases) were included in this study and their clinical features were characterized. Brain MRI volumetric analysis using FreeSurfer software was performed in 9 new patients and compared with 25 healthy controls at both early (≤6 months of onset) and chronic (>1 year of onset) disease stages.

Results

The common clinical manifestations of anti‐mGluR5 encephalitis included cognitive deficits (n = 21, 72.4%), behavioral and mood disturbances (n = 20, 69%), seizures (n = 16, 55.2%), and sleep disorder (n = 13, 44.8%). Tumors were observed in 7 patients. Brain MRI T2/FLAIR signal hyperintensities were observed predominantly in mesiotemporal and subcortical regions in 75.9% patients. MRI volumetric analysis demonstrated significant amygdala enlargement in both early and chronic disease stages compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001). Twenty‐six patients had complete or partial recovery, one remained stable, one died and one was lost to follow‐up.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrated that cognitive impairment, behavioral disturbance, seizures, and sleep disorder are the prominent clinical manifestations of anti‐mGluR5 encephalitis. Most patients showed a good prognosis with full recovery, even in the paraneoplastic disease variants. The amygdala enlargement in the early and chronic disease stages is a distinct MRI feature, which exploratively offer a valuable perspective for the study of the disease processes.
A Series of Hybrid Multifunctional Interfaces as Artificial SEI Layer for Realizing Dendrite Free, and Long‐Life Sodium Metal Anodes
Authors: Moorthy Megala , Moorthy Brindha , Ganesan Bala Krishnan , Saha Aditi , Yu Seungju , Kim Do‐Hoon , Hong Seungbum , Park Sangho , Kang Kisuk , Thangavel Ranjith , Lee Yun‐Sung
Published: June 2023

Sodium metal (Na) anodes are considered the most promising anode for high‐energy‐density sodium batteries because of their high capacity and low electrochemical potential. However, Na metal anode undergoes uncontrolled Na dendrite growth, and unstable solid electrolyte interphase layer (SEI) formation during cycling, leading to poor coulombic efficiency, and shorter lifespan. Herein, a series of Na‐ion conductive alloy‐type protective interface (Na‐In, Na‐Bi, Na‐Zn, Na‐Sn) is studied as an artificial SEI layer to address the issues. The hybrid Na‐ion conducting SEI components over the Na‐alloy can facilitate uniform Na deposition by regulating Na‐ion flux with low overpotential. Furthermore, density functional study reveals that the lower surface energy of protective alloys relative to bare Na is the key factor for facilitating facile ion diffusion across the interface. Na metal with interface layer facilitates a highly reversible Na plating/stripping for ≈790 h, higher than pristine Na metal (100 h). The hybrid self‐regulating protective layers exhibit a high mechanical flexibility to promote dendrite free Na plating even at high current density (5 mA cm−2), high capacity (10 mAh cm−2), and good performance with Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode. The current study opens a new insight for designing dendrite Na metal anode for next generation energy storage devices.
Progress in Bioinspired Photodetectors Design for Visual Information Processing
Authors: Wu Yi , Deng Wenjie , Wang Xiaoting , Yu Wenjing , Chen Zhijie , Chen Xiaoqing , Li Jingzhen , Chai Yang , Zhang Yongzhe
Published: June 2023

Rapid development of modern science and technology has prompted explosive growth of data volumes, especially the visual information, which brings heavy pressure on information processing and computation. The classic technical route to improve the computation power of image processing units by reducing the critical dimension of the transistors according to Moore's law gradually fails due to the physical limit of transistors’ footprint and the separated architectures. Inspired by human vision systems, retina‐like photodetectors that mimic their spatial and temporal properties have attracted widespread attention. These developed architectures enable the early data processing in‐ or near‐sensor, significantly reducing the computing power required in the back end. Herein, a comprehensive review on bioinspired photodetectors that possess the spatial and temporal properties of biological vision is provided. The properties of retina are summarized and presented first. Basic structure design and operation mechanism of those photodetectors with spatial properties of retina (including the distribution of receptive fields and the shape of the hemisphere) and temporal properties of retina (including the memory properties enabled learning and the light intensity adaptation) are reviewed thoroughly. Eventually, challenges and future perspectives are commented and provided to facilitate the rapid development of in‐ or near‐sensor computing photodetectors.
Anionic Redox in Rechargeable Batteries: Mechanism, Materials, and Characterization
Authors: Cui Tianwei , Li Xiang , Fu Yongzhu
Published: June 2023

Compared with conventional positive electrode materials in Li‐ion batteries, Li‐rich materials have a huge advantage of large specific capacities of >300 mAh g−1. Anionic redox mechanism is proposed to explain the over‐capacity, which means anions can participate in the redox process for charge compensation. The concept enriches the range and design considerations of high‐energy‐density positive electrode materials for both Li‐ion and Na‐ion batteries, which therefore arouses extensive attention. This review summarizes the progress of anionic redox in rechargeable batteries in recent years and discusses the fundamental mechanism that triggers anionic redox. Moreover, the state‐of‐the‐art materials involving anionic redox are illustrated, accompanied by the challenges for practical applications. Furthermore, the common techniques for monitoring anionic redox are reviewed and compared for an advisable choice in future studies. Finally, the consideration and discussion for designing stable positive electrodes based on cationic and anionic redox are presented. The perspective is highlighted and this review provides a basic understanding of anionic redox in rechargeable batteries and paves the way to develop high‐capacity positive electrodes for high‐energy battery systems.
Tetragonal Kondo Insulator EuCd2Sb2 Discovered via High Pressure High Temperature Synthesis
Authors: Jimenez Jose L. Gonzalez , Melnick Corey , Koirala Krishna Prasad , Adler Ran , Wang Fei , Berrada Meryem , Chen Bin , Wang Le , Walker David , Kotliar Gabriel , Xie Weiwei
Published: June 2023

Magnetic and electronic properties of quantum materials heavily rely on the crystal structure even in the same chemical compositions. In this study, it is demonstrated that a layered tetragonal EuCd2Sb2 structure can be obtained by treating bulk trigonal EuCd2Sb2 under high pressure (6 GPa) and high temperature (600 °C). Magnetization measurements of the newly formed layered tetragonal EuCd2Sb2 confirm an antiferromagnetic ordering with Neel temperature (TN) around 16 K, which is significantly higher than that (TN ≈ 7 K) of trigonal EuCd2Sb2, consistent with heat capacity measurements. Moreover, bad metal behavior is observed in the temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity and the resistivity shows a dramatic increase around the Neel temperature. Electronic structure calculations with local density approximation dynamic mean–field theory (LDA+DMFT) show that this material is strongly correlated with well‐formed large magnetic moments, due to Hund's coupling, which is known to dramatically suppress the Kondo scale.
Non‐Volatile Optical Switch Element Enabled by Low‐Loss Phase Change Material
Authors: Yang Xing , Lu Liangjun , Li Yu , Wu Yue , Li Ziquan , Chen Jianping , Zhou Linjie
Published: June 2023

Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) integrated with phase‐change materials have attracted great interest due to their low power consumption and ultra‐compact size, which are favored for reconfigurable photonic processors. However, they suffer from a low optical extinction ratio and limited switching cycles due to high material loss and poor reversible repeatability caused by material degradation. Here a non‐volatile electrically reconfigurable 2 × 2 MZI integrated with a low‐loss phase‐change material Sb2Se3 encapsulated in Al2O3 layers is demonstrated. The phase change is electrically actuated by a forward‐biased silicon p‐i‐n diode. The switch extinction ratio is more than 20 dB due to the low‐loss Sb2Se3‐based phase shifter. By dividing the Sb2Se3 patch into small sub‐cells to restrict the material reflow, more than 10 000 reversible phase‐change cycles and 6‐bit multilevel switching states are achieved by programming the electrical pulses. Its non‐volatility, high endurance, and fine‐tuning capability makes the device promising in large‐scale low‐power reconfigurable photonic processors.
Surface Passivation with Selected Phosphine Oxide Molecules for Efficient Pure‐Blue Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Chen Fang , Zhang Dingshuo , Cui Qiaopeng , Dai Xingliang , Cai Peiqing , Ye Zhizhen , He Haiping
Published: June 2023

Passivation of defects in halide perovskite using phosphine oxide or alkyl‐phosphonate has recently obtained a few remarkable achievements. However, effective application of phosphine oxide or alky‐phosphonate in passivating perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are seldom reported due to solubility issue or difficulty of amount control. In this work, two bifunctional organic molecules containing phosphine oxide groups, 2,4,6‐Tris[3‐(diphenylphosphinyl)phenyl]‐1,3,5‐triazine (PO‐T2T) and 2,7‐bis(diphenylphosphoryl)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (SPPO13), are deposited on QDs films by thermal evaporation. The molecules, both as passivation agents as well as electron transporting materials, exhibit stark contrast in passivating QDs and in light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) performance. A competition between charge transfer and defect passivation between the QDs and the molecules is proposed. In film, electron transfer from the QDs to PO‐T2T dominates and quench the QDs, while the passivation effect of PO‐T2T on the QDs dominates in driving device and enhances luminance of the LEDs. In contrast, passivation effect of SPPO13 on the QDs dominates both in films and in LEDs. A maximum EQE of 2.67% is obtained for the pure‐blue LED based on SPPO13‐passivated QDs films. This work provides a guide on the selection of passivation agents based on phosphine oxide and a promising passivation method for high‐efficient perovskite QD LEDs.
Influence of the Morphology on the Functionalization of Graphene Nanoplatelets Analyzed by Comparative Photoelectron Spectroscopy with Soft and Hard X‐Rays
Authors: Chemello Giovanni , Knigge Xenia , Ciornii Dmitri , Reed Benjamen P. , Pollard Andrew J. , Clifford Charles A. , Howe Tom , Vyas Neil , Hodoroaba Vasile‐Dan , Radnik Jörg
Published: June 2023

Since its isolation, graphene has received growing attention from academia and industry due to its unique properties. However, the “what is my material” barrier hinders further commercialization. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is considered as a method of choice for the determination of the elemental and chemical composition. In this work the influence of the morphology of graphene particles on the XPS results is studied and investigated as a function of X‐ray energy, using conventional XPS with Al Kα radiation and hard X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES) using Cr Kα radiation. Thereby, the information depth is varied between 10 and 30 nm. For this purpose, two commercial powders containing graphene nanoplatelets with lateral dimensions of either ≈100 nm or in the micrometer range are compared. These larger ones exist as stack of graphene layers which is inspected with scanning electron microscopy. Both kinds of particles are then functionalized with either oxygen or fluorine. The size of the graphene particles is found to influence the degree of functionalization. Only the combination of XPS and HAXPES allows to detect the functionalization at the outermost surface of the particles or even of the stacks and to provide new insights into the functionalization process.
Effective Optimization Strategy for Electron Beam Lithography of Molecular Glass Negative Photoresist
Authors: Gao Jiaxing , Zhang Siliang , Cui Xuewen , Cong Xue , Guo Xudong , Hu Rui , Wang Shuangqing , Chen Jinping , Li Yi , Yang Guoqiang
Published: June 2023

As the crucial dimension (CD) of logic circuits continues to shrink, the photoresist metrics, including resolution, line edge roughness, and sensitivity, are faced with significant challenges. Photoresists are indispensable in the integrated circuit manufacturing industry, and specifically in achieving smaller critical dimensions. In this study, the effects of two categories of photosensitive compounds on lithography performance are explored, through a series of sulfonium salt‐based photoacid generators (PAGs) with diverse reactivity and photodegradable nucleophiles (PDNs) with varying nucleophilicity. The detailed characterization and exposure experiments suggest that the reactive alterations of different PAGs are mostly associated with the amount of phenyl composed of cations in PAGs. The “PDN first, PAG second” strategy, which employs a combination of low reactivity PAG and high reactivity PDN and involves PDN decomposition first and PAG decomposition second in the electron beam lithography process, achieves high sensitivity (100–270 µC cm−2), high resolution (25 nm 1:1 line/space, L/S), and low line edge roughness (LER ≤ 3.3 nm) stripes. This approach outperforms conventional formulations and may provide a potentially effective and useful strategy to improve electron beam photoresists.
Programmable Granular Hydrogel Inks for 3D Bioprinting Applications
Authors: Ribeiro Lucas S. , Gaspar Vítor M. , Sobreiro‐Almeida Rita , Camargo Emerson R. , Mano João F.
Published: June 2023

Granular inks comprising jammed hydrogel unit building blocks are emerging as multiprogramable precursors for 3D/4D printing nonbulk hydrogel constructs. In addition to their injectability, they also exhibit high porosity when compared to bulk hydrogels, allowing more efficient nutrient transport and cell migration through the scaffold structure. Herein, the key steps in the production of these inks, from the fabrication of the microgels, the jamming process, and how fabrication affects final material properties, such as porosity, resolution, and fidelity is reviewed. In addition, the main techniques used for the stabilization of scaffolds after the printing process and the assessment of cell viability, in the case of bioinks, are meticulously discussed. Finally, the most recent studies in the application of granular hydrogels for different biomedical applications are highlighted. All in all, it is envisioned that 3D‐printed granular constructs will continue to evolve towards increasingly stimuli‐responsive platforms that may respond in a spatiotemporally controlled manner that matches that of user‐defined or biologically encoded processes.
Human Pulse and Respiration Monitoring: Reconfigurable and Scalable Balloon‐Shaped Fiber Wearables
Authors: Mishra Pratik , Sahu Prasant Kumar , Kumar Hemant , Jha Rajan
Published: June 2023

Wearable technologies have achieved tremendous success in medical‐grade human vital signal monitoring. Herein, a unique geometry (balloon shaped) and usage of very economical polymer embedded single mode fiber based modal interferometry that not only overcome the mechanical strength restrictions of most of the fiber wearables but also fulfil the two most important and necessary requirements of any wearable system: flexibility and stretchability are reported. Here, the human pulse rate and respiration rhythm are successfully monitored by placing the wearables at appropriate positions on different human subjects. The wearable system when compared with the other two commercial approaches: piezoelectric and Photoplethysmography shows better results in terms of pulse visibility. The wrist pulse detection by the proposed system shows 72 bpm and can distinguish different human pulse parameters such as main peak, tidal peak, dicrotic wave peak, and dicrotic notch. Further, three volunteers’ heart beat values obtained from the proposed system very well match with the commercial heart‐rate meter thereby showing the alternative and better approach for futuristic health monitoring wearable device.
Exploring Conducting Polymers as a Promising Alternative for Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Van , Le Quyet Van , Peng Shengjie , Dai Zhengfei , Ahn Sang Hyun , Kim Soo Young
Published: June 2023

Electrochromism is a unique phenomenon based on the ability to change the optical properties or color of a material when an external potential is applied. Conventional electrochromic materials are based on inorganic materials. In particular, transition metal oxides, such as tungsten oxide and molybdenum oxide, are extensively investigated for use in commercial electrochromic devices (ECDs). However, these devices have several drawbacks including single color change, expensive materials, and a slow switching speed. To overcome these challenges, new substitute materials need to be investigated with the advantages of multicolor, fast response, low cost, ease of processing, and environmentally friendly materials. Among the many great candidates, conducting polymers (CPs) have emerged as a prominent approach. In this review, the current state‐of‐the‐art development of ECDs based on the three most popular CPs, namely, polyaniline, polypyrrole, and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate, is introduced, with emphasis on their synthetic approaches and electrochromic performance.
DLP 4D Printing of Multi‐Responsive Bilayered Structures
Authors: Mainik Philipp , Hsu Li‐Yun , Zimmer Claudius W. , Fauser Dominik , Steeb Holger , Blasco Eva
Published: June 2023

Advances in soft robotics strongly rely on the development and manufacturing of new responsive soft materials. In particular, light‐based 3D printing techniques, and especially, digital light processing (DLP), offer a versatile platform for the fast manufacturing of complex 3D/4D structures with a high spatial resolution. In this work, DLP all‐printed bilayered structures exhibiting reversible and multi‐responsive behavior are presented for the first time. For this purpose, liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are used as active layers and combined with a printable non‐responsive elastomer acting as a passive layer. Furthermore, selective light response is incorporated by embedding various organic dyes absorbing light at different regimes in the active layers. An in‐depth characterization of the single materials and printed bilayers demonstrates a reversible and selective response. Last, the versatility of the approach is shown by DLP printing a bilayered complex 3D structure consisting of four different materials (a passive and three different LCE active materials), which exhibit different actuation patterns when irradiated with different wavelengths of light.
Photonic Structure Induced Enhancement in the Triplet State Dynamics of Organic Phosphors at Room Temperature
Authors: Behera Sinay Simanta , Ghorai Anaranya , Garain Swadhin , Nair Rajesh V , George Subi J , Narayan K S
Published: June 2023

Triplet state modification in organic phosphorescence molecules for a desired color and quantum yield is typically pursued by chemical modification. A facile methodology is introduced to tune the triplet state dynamics of a phosphorescent molecule by changing the host‐matrix parameters. An organic phosphor, Br2PmDI (2–Bromo pyromellitic diimide), dispersed at dilute levels (1.5 wt.%) in a semicrystalline high‐κ relaxer ferroelectric host matrix emit room‐temperature phosphorescence accompanied by a delayed fluorescence component. The host relaxer ferroelectric polymer film can be engineered to form a photonic matrix with a regular micropore structure of refractive index contrast ≈0.6 that can increase the density of optical states and introduce photonic coupling. The phosphorescence quantum yield of Br2PmDI in this photonic matrix increases by ≈2.3 fold, and the lifetime reduces by a factor of three. The coupled quantum states are investigated by time‐resolved spectroscopy at different temperatures and pump intensities.
3D Porous Oxygen‐Doped and Nitrogen‐Doped Graphitic Carbons Derived from Metal Azolate Frameworks as Cathode and Anode Materials for High‐Performance Dual‐Carbon Sodium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Jung Yong Min , Choi Jong Hui , Kim Dong Won , Kang Jeung Ku
Published: June 2023

Sodium‐ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs) in principle can utilize the advantages of batteries and supercapacitors and satisfy the cost demand of large‐scale energy storage systems, but the sluggish kinetics and low capacities of its anode and cathode are yet to be overcome. Here, a strategy is reported to realize high‐performance dual‐carbon SIHCs using 3D porous graphitic carbon cathode and anode materials derived from metal–azolate framework‐6s (MAF‐6s). First, MAF‐6s, with or without urea loading, are pyrolyzed to synthesize MAF‐derived carbons (MDCs). Then, cathode materials are synthesized via the controlled KOH‐assisted pyrolysis of MDCs (K‐MDCs). K‐MDCs, 3D graphitic carbons, resulting in a record‐high surface area (5214 m2 g−1) being ≈four‐fold higher than pristine MAF‐6, oxygen‐doped sites for high capacity, rich mesopores affording fast ion transport, and high capacity retention over 5000 charge/discharge cycles. Moreover, 3D porous MDC anode materials are synthesized from N‐containing MAF‐6 and exhibited to allow cycle stability over 5000 cycles. Furthermore, dual‐carbon MDC//K‐MDC SIHCs with different loadings (3 to 6 mg cm−2) are demonstrated to achieve high energy densities exceeding those of sodium‐ion batteries and supercapacitors. Additionally, it allows an ultrafast‐chargeable high power density of 20000 W kg−1 and robust cycle stability overcoming those of a typical battery.
Electric Field Control of Spin–Orbit Torque Magnetization Switching in a Spin–Orbit Ferromagnet Single Layer
Authors: Jiang Miao , Asahara Hirokatsu , Ohya Shinobu , Tanaka Masaaki
Published: June 2023

To achieve a desirable magnitude of spin–orbit torque (SOT) for magnetization switching and realize multifunctional spin logic and memory devices utilizing SOT, controlling the SOT manipulation is vitally important. In conventional SOT bilayer systems, researchers have tried to control the magnetization switching behavior via interfacial oxidization, modulation of spin–orbit effective field, and effective spin Hall angle; however, the switching efficiency is limited by the interface quality. A current‐induced effective magnetic field in a single layer of a ferromagnet with strong spin–orbit interactions, the so‐called spin–orbit ferromagnet, can be utilized to induce SOT. In spin–orbit ferromagnet systems, electric field application has the potential for manipulating the spin–orbit interactions via carrier concentration modulation. In this work, it is demonstrated that SOT magnetization switching can be successfully controlled via an external electric field using a (Ga, Mn)As single layer. By applying a gate voltage, the switching current density can be solidly and reversibly manipulated with a large ratio of 14.5%, which is ascribed to the successful modulation of the interfacial electric field. The findings of this work help further the understanding of the magnetization switching mechanism and advance the development of gate‐controlled SOT devices.
The First Ring Enlargement Induced Large Piezoelectric Response in a Polycrystalline Molecular Ferroelectric
Authors: Ai Yong , Li Peng‐Fei , Chen Xiao‐Gang , Lv Hui‐Peng , Weng Yan‐Ran , Shi Yu , Zhou Feng , Xiong Ren‐Gen , Liao Wei‐Qiang
Published: June 2023

Inorganic ferroelectrics have long dominated research and applications, taking advantage of high piezoelectric performance in bulk polycrystalline ceramic forms. Molecular ferroelectrics have attracted growing interest because of their environmental friendliness, easy processing, lightweight, and good biocompatibility, while realizing the considerable piezoelectricity in their bulk polycrystalline forms remains a great challenge. Herein, for the first time, through ring enlargement, a molecular ferroelectric 1‐azabicyclo[3.2.1]octonium perrhenate ([3.2.1‐abco]ReO4) with a large piezoelectric coefficient d33 up to 118 pC/N in the polycrystalline pellet form is designed, which is higher than that of the parent 1‐azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanium perrhenate ([2.2.1–abch]ReO4, 90 pC/N) and those of most molecular ferroelectrics in polycrystalline or even single crystal forms. The ring enlargement reduces the molecular strain for easier molecular deformation, which contributes to the higher piezoelectric response in [3.2.1‐abco]ReO4. This work opens up a new avenue for exploring high piezoelectric polycrystalline molecular ferroelectrics with great potential in piezoelectric applications.
Polymer Chain‐Guided Ion Transport in Aqueous Electrolytes of Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Yan , Zhang Tian , Chen Lina , Zhu Zhaohua , Cheng Lukuan , Gu Shuai , Li Zhiqiang , Tong Zhongqiu , Li Hui , Li Yifan , Lu Zhouguang , Zhang Wenjun , Lee Chun Sing
Published: June 2023

As a promising candidate for next‐generation energy storage devices, Zn metal battery excels with their good safety, high specific capacity, and economic attractiveness. However, it still suffers from a narrow electrochemical window, notorious dendrite formation, and sluggish Zn ion transfer. Aqueous electrolyte engineering has been regarded as an effective way to improve these. It is shown that by adding sodium polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) polymers into a dilute 1 m Zn(OTf)2 aqueous electrolyte, compact water shells with stronger hydrogen bonding and more ordered structures are formed around the polymer chains. As a result, a fast transport channel to the zinc ions is provided. The PSS chains also protect the zinc electrode from directly contacting the water molecules and thus suppress water decomposition. With these merits, a Zn//Cu cell demonstrates a high coulombic efficiency of ≈99% after 1500 h cycling. Meanwhile, a record‐high cumulative Zn plating capacity of 10 000 mA h cm−2 is obtained using a Zn||Zn cell. In addition, the Zn//C@V2O5 full cell achieves almost 100% capacity retention after 1000 cycles. This work provides a new strategy for designing advanced electrolyte systems excelling in ion transport kinetics.
The Many Deaths of Supercapacitors: Degradation, Aging, and Performance Fading
Authors: Pameté Emmanuel , Köps Lukas , Kreth Fabian Alexander , Pohlmann Sebastian , Varzi Alberto , Brousse Thierry , Balducci Andrea , Presser Volker
Published: June 2023

High‐performance electrochemical applications have expedited the research in high‐power devices. As such, supercapacitors, including electrical double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs) and pseudocapacitors, have gained significant attention due to their high power density, long cycle life, and fast charging capabilities. Yet, no device lasts forever. It is essential to understand the mechanisms behind performance degradation and aging so that these bottlenecks can be addressed and tailored solutions can be developed. Herein, the factors contributing to the aging and degradation of supercapacitors, including electrode materials, electrolytes, and other aspects of the system, such as pore blocking, electrode compositions, functional groups, and corrosion of current collectors are examined. The monitoring and characterizing of the performance degradation of supercapacitors, including electrochemical methods, in situ, and ex situ techniques are explored. In addition, the degradation mechanisms of different types of electrolytes and electrode materials and the effects of aging from an industrial application standpoint are analyzed. Next, how electrode degradations and electrolyte decompositions can lead to failure, and pore blocking, electrode composition, and other factors that affect the device's lifespan are examined. Finally, the future directions and challenges for reducing supercapacitors' performance degradation, including developing new materials and methods for characterizing and monitoring the devices are summarized.
Ploidy effects on the relationship between floral phenotype, reproductive investment, and fitness in an autogamous species complex
Authors: García‐Muñoz Ana , Ferrón Camilo , Vaca‐Benito Celia , Loureiro João , Castro Sílvia , Muñoz‐Pajares A. Jesús , Abdelaziz Mohamed
Published: June 2023

Premise

The relationships between reproductive investment, phenotype, and fitness have been broadly studied in cross‐pollinated plants in contrast to selfing species, which are considered less interesting in this area because they are supposed to be a dead end in any evolutionary pathway. Still, selfing plants are unique systems to study these questions since the position of reproductive structures and traits related to flower size play an important role in female and male pollination success.

Methods

Erysimum incanums.l. is a selfing species complex that has three levels of ploidy (diploids, tetraploids, and hexaploids) and traits that are typically associated with the selfing syndrome. Here, we used 1609 plants belonging to these three ploidies to characterize the floral phenotype and spatial configuration of reproductive structures, reproductive investment (pollen and ovule production), and plant fitness. Then, we used structural equation modelling to analyze the relationship between all these variables across ploidy levels.

Results

An increase in ploidy level leads to bigger flowers with anthers exserted farther and more pollen and ovules. In addition, hexaploid plants had higher absolute values for herkogamy, which is positively correlated with fitness. Ovule production significantly mediated the natural selection acting on different phenotypic traits and pollen production, a pattern that is maintained across ploidies.

Conclusions

The changes in floral phenotypes, reproductive investment, and fitness with ploidy level suggest that genome duplication can be a driver for transitions in reproductive strategy by modifying the investment in pollen and ovules and linking them with plant phenotype and fitness.
Harnessing Quantumness of States using Discrete Wigner Functions under (non)‐Markovian Quantum Channels
Authors: Lalita Jai , Paulson K. G. , Banerjee Subhashish
Published: June 2023

The negativity of the discrete Wigner functions (DWFs) is a measure of non‐classicality and is often used to quantify the degree of quantum coherence in a system. The study of Wigner negativity and its evolution under different quantum channels can provide insight into the stability and robustness of quantum states under their interaction with the environment, which is essential for developing practical quantum computing systems. The variation of DWF negativity of qubit, qutrit, and two‐qubit systems under the action of (non)‐Markovian random telegraph noise (RTN) and amplitude damping (AD) quantum channels is investigated. Different negative quantum states that can be used as a resource for quantum computation and quantum teleportation are constructed. The success of quantum computation and teleportation is estimated for these states under (non)‐Markovian evolutions.
Auf dem Weg zu einer Formyl‐zu‐Phenyl‐Reaktion: Eine unerwartete photochemische Fulven‐Umlagerung
Authors: Lindner Monika M. , Alachraf M. Wasim , Mitschke Benjamin , Schulze Philipp , Leutzsch Markus , List Benjamin
Published: June 2023

Um Aldehyde in Arene zu überführen, haben wir eine Sequenz entworfen, bei der ein Aldehyd zunächst zu einem Fulven umgesetzt wird. Daraufhin folgen photochemische und platinkatalysierte Umlagerungen zu einem Dewar‐Benzol‐Derivat, welches schließlich in das gewünschte Aren isomerisiert. Obwohl theoretische Berechnungen die Plausibilität dieses Weges nahelegen, stellten wir experimentell fest, dass die Fulven‐Bestrahlung zu einer unerwarteten Isomerisierung in ein Spiro[2.4]heptadien führt. Diese ungewöhnliche Photoumlagerung wurde mechanistisch untersucht und ermöglicht den Zugang zu verschiedenen Spiro[2.4]heptadienen mit unterschiedlichen Substituenten.
Infrared Multiphoton Dissociation Enables Top‐Down Characterization of Membrane Protein Complexes and G Protein‐Coupled Receptors
Authors: Lutomski Corinne A. , El‐Baba Tarick J. , Hinkle Joshua D. , Liko Idlir , Bennett Jack L. , Kalmankar Neha V. , Dolan Andrew , Kirschbaum Carla , Greis Kim , Urner Leonhard H. , Kapoor Parth , Yen Hsin‐Yung , Pagel Kevin , Mullen Christopher , Syka John E. P. , Robinson Carol V.
Published: June 2023

Membrane proteins are challenging to analyze by native mass spectrometry (MS) as their hydrophobic nature typically requires stabilization in detergent micelles that are removed prior to analysis via collisional activation. There is however a practical limit to the amount of energy which can be applied, which often precludes subsequent characterization by top‐down MS. To overcome this barrier, we have applied a modified Orbitrap Eclipse Tribrid mass spectrometer coupled to an infrared laser within a high‐pressure linear ion trap. We show how tuning the intensity and time of incident photons enables liberation of membrane proteins from detergent micelles. Specifically, we relate the ease of micelle removal to the infrared absorption of detergents in both condensed and gas phases. Top‐down MS via infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD), results in good sequence coverage enabling unambiguous identification of membrane proteins and their complexes. By contrasting and comparing the fragmentation patterns of the ammonia channel with two class A GPCRs, we identify successive cleavage of adjacent amino acids within transmembrane domains. Using gas‐phase molecular dynamics simulations, we show that areas prone to fragmentation maintain aspects of protein structure at increasing temperatures. Altogether, we propose a rationale to explain why and where in the protein fragment ions are generated.
Discussion of specifying prior distributions in reliability applications—Applications for Bayesian estimation software design
Authors: Liu Peng
Published: June 2023

It is a great pleasure to have the opportunity to write a discussion on “Specifying Prior Distributions in Reliability Applications” by Tian et al. Appl Stochast Models Bus Ind, (2023). One coauthor of the paper, Dr Meeker, has conducted Bayesian methodology research on reliability data analysis for many years, and I have followed his work on the subject for quite some time. The work by Dr Meeker helped us develop Bayesian estimation products which are both powerful and easy to use. This time, I learned something new as usual. In this discussion, I will focus on the great value of the paper for developing user friendly Bayesian estimation software.
Intense green light emission and thermoluminescence glow curve analysis of Tb3+‐activated CaY2O4 phosphor
Authors: Ram Tirath , Verma Neeraj , Kaur Jagjeet , Misra Abhishek Kumar , Dubey Vikas , Dubey Neha , Vij Ankush , Rao Myla Chimpiri
Published: June 2023

Here, the synthesis and luminescence analysis of the Tb3+‐activated phosphor were reported. The CaY2O4 phosphors were synthesized using a modified solid‐state reaction method with a variable doping concentration of Tb3+ ion (0.1–2.5 mol%). As synthesized, the phosphor was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X‐ray diffraction analysis techniques for the optimized concentration of doping ions. The prepared phosphor showed a cubic structure, and FTIR analysis confirmed functional group analysis. It was discovered that the intensity of 1.5 mol% was higher than at other concentrations after the photoluminescence (PL) excitation and emission spectra were recorded for different concentrations of doping ions. The excitation was monitored at 542 nm, and the emission was monitored at 237 nm. At 237 nm excitation, the emission peaks were found at 620 nm (5D4→7F3), 582 nm (5D4→7F4), 542 nm (5D4→7F5), and 484 nm (5D4→7F6). The 1931 CIE (x, y) chromaticity coordinates showed the distribution of the spectral region calculated from the PL emission spectra. The values of (x = 0.34 and y = 0.60) were very close to dark green emission. Therefore, the produced phosphor would be very useful for light‐emitting diode (green component) applications. Thermoluminescence glow curve analysis for various concentrations of doping ions and various ultraviolet (UV) exposure times was carried out, and a single broad peak was found at 252°C. The computerized glow curve deconvolution method was used to obtain the related kinetic parameters. The prepared phosphor exhibited an excellent response to UV dose and could be useful for UV ray dosimetry.
Reusable flexible poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan‐based polymer carbon dots composite film for acid blue 93 dye adsorption
Authors: Yu Shujuan , Lu Shiyan , Zheng Guangjian
Published: June 2023

The design and synthesis of water‐insoluble chitosan‐based polymer carbon dots [P(CS‐g‐CA)CDs] are described. A polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan‐based polymer carbon dot [PVA/P(CS‐g‐CA)CDs] composite film was prepared using a simple casting method to be used in dye adsorption. The composite film was characterized using FT‐IR, XPS, transparency, contact angle, and mechanical properties tests, which showed the successful incorporation of P(CS‐g‐CA)CDs into the film and also revealed that hydrogen bonding improved the mechanical properties of the PVA film. Furthermore, the composite film displayed substantially enhanced hydrophobicity, making it suitable for use in aqueous environments. In addition, the composite film exhibited stable adsorption of acid blue 93 (AB93) at pH 2–9, with an enhanced adsorption capacity of 433.24 mg/g. The adsorption obeyed Langmuir law with an efficiency of more than 89% even after five cycles. Therefore, the PVA/P(CS‐g‐CA)CDs film is a promising material for the treatment of organic dye‐polluted wastewater.