bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Myths, Facts, and Realities Regarding Battered Women and Their Children: An Overview
Authors: Roberts Albert R
Published: November 2023

Denise, a 21-year-old senior at New York University, talked about her 21/2-year relationship with her boyfriend, Rosario. They were both students at NYU, and they started living together just 6 months after they began dating. Although Denise said that she was madly in love with Rosario, she also had the feeling that he was cheating on her. Denise and Rosario had arguments about Denise’s parents, who had made it quite clear to Denise that they thought Rosario was a “psycho.” Although Rosario had hit her several times before, he always apologized and brought her flowers, and Denise wanted to believe that it would never happen again.
Improving Judicial System Responses to Domestic Violence: The Promises and Risks of Integrated Case Management and Technology Solutions
Authors: Keilitz Susan
Published: November 2023

By virtue of their wide-ranging jurisdiction over individuals and families, courts play a pivotal role in addressing domestic violence in our communities. This chapter explores this role and the various approaches courts are using to provide more comprehensive and effective remedies to domestic violence victims and their children. The chapter focuses on two key areas targeted by court initiatives: (1) case management principles and practices that promote greater safety, freedom, and confidence in the system for domestic violence survivors; and (2) technological applications that hold promise for improving both justice system practice and the well-being of the individuals the systems are designed to serve. The discussion includes descriptions of a few examples of these case management methods and technology applications.
Preparing for Expert Testimony in Domestic Violence Cases
Authors: Stark Evan
Published: November 2023

On a December evening, a distraught woman gave police in Torrington, Connecticut, a signed description of abuse by her husband, Anthony Borrelli. The statement read in part: . . . about 3 am. We went to bed and he began to accuse me of cheating on him. He started cutting up my clothes, underwear and things with his knife . . . cut up my license and social security card because they have my maiden name on them . . . he said he was going to tie me up and I said not to. He took a pillow and put it over my face. I couldn’t breathe.
Researching the Song
Authors: Emmons Shirlee , Lewis Wilbur Watkin
Published: November 2023

Singers are faced with a unique challenge among musicians: they must express not just the music, but the lyrics too. To effectively communicate the meaning behind these words, singers must understand the many references embedded in the vast international repertoire of great art songs. They must deal with the meaning of the lyrics, frequently in a language not their own and of a culture unfamiliar to them. From Zelter and Schubert to Rorem and Musto, Researching the Song serves as an invaluable guide for performers, teachers, and enthusiasts to the art song repertoire. Its more than 2,000 carefully researched entries supply information on most of the mythological, historical, geographical, and literary references contained in western art song. The authors explain the meaning of less familiar literary terms, figures, and authors referenced in song while placing songs in the context of larger literary sources. Readers will find entries dealing with art songs from the German, French, Italian, Russian, Spanish, South American, Greek, Finnish, Scandinavian, and both American and British English repertoires. Sources, narratives, and explanations of major song cycles are also given. Organized alphabetically, the lexicon includes brief biographies of poets, lists of composers who set each poet’s work, bibliographic materials, and brief synopses of major works from which song texts were taken, including the plots of all Restoration theater works containing Purcell’s vocal music. The more performers know and understand the literary elements of a song, the richer their communication will be. Researching the Song is a vital aid for singers and teachers in interpreting art songs and building song recital programs.
Introduction
Authors: Andrews George Reid
Published: November 2023

“New Census Shows Hispanics Now Even with Blacks,” the headline proclaimed. Documenting a profound shift in the racial and ethnic composition of American society, the 2000 census of the United States showed that, as a result of continuing immigration from Latin America, during the 1990s the national Hispanic population had grown by more than 60 percent. For the first time ever, the country’s 35.3 million Hispanic residents now slightly exceeded the black population of 34.7 million.
1800
Authors: Andrews George Reid
Published: November 2023

When British clergyman Robert Walsh arrived in the Brazilian capital of Rio de Janeiro in 1828, he was struck both by the sheer size of the city’s black population and by its startling diversity of conditions. Passing through the dock area, he first noticed the slave stevedores and porters, half-naked, exhausted, “lying on the bare ground among filth and offal, coiled up like dogs,… exhibiting a state and conformation so unhuman, that they not only seemed, but actually were, far below the inferior animals around them.”
Time, Space, and Archaeological Landscapes: Establishing Connections in the First Millennium BC
Authors: Daly Patrick , Lock Gary
Published: November 2023

Over the past ten years or so, an increasing number of archaeologists have recognized the importance of the work of social theorists such as Bourdieu (1977) and Giddens (1984) in providing a framework for addressing the construction of cultural landscapes (Ashmore and Knapp 1999; Hirsch and O’Hanlon 1995). The general lines of inquiry stemming from this approach question how the human condition is reproduced across space and time, from individual acts of practice to complex webs of social behavior. The manifestations of cultural information, which form the basis for archaeology and anthropology, are clearly multifaceted.
The Sleep of Reason
Authors: Nagel Thomas
Published: November 2023

You will remember that in 1996 a physicist at New York University named Alan Sokal brought off a delicious hoax that displayed the fraudulence of certain leading figures in cultural studies. He submitted to the journal Social Text an article entitled “Transgressing the Boundaries: Toward a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity,” espousing the fashionable doctrine that scientific objectivity is a myth and combining heavy technical references to contemporary physics and mathematics with patently ridiculous claims about their broader philosophical, cultural, and political significance, supported by quotations in a similar vein from prominent figures such as Lacan and Lyotard and references to many more.
Introduction
Authors: Solomon Robert C
Published: November 2023

In this volume, I have tried to bring together some of the best Anglo-American philosophers now writing on the philosophy of emotion. That field, the philosophy of emotion, is by one measure quite recent. In the Anglo-American tradition, the subject of emotion was for a considerable period disreputable, typically dismissed as “mere subjectivity” or, worse, as nothing but physiology plus dumb sensation. An ethical theory known as emotivism took center stage during and just after the Second World War, in which all of ethics was dismissed as nothing but expressions of emotion with no more cognitive content than “Boo!” or “Hooray” (Ayer 1952). It was only with occasional pieces by Princeton philosopher George Pitcher and Edinburgh philosopher Errol Bedford and then a book by Anthony Kenny that the subject started to become noticed at all, although it was several years more before it began to attract an audience and deserve recognition as a “field” (Pitcher 1965, Bedford 1953, Kenny 1963). Today, by contrast, it is evident to most philosophers that emotions are ripe for philosophical analysis, a view supported by a considerable number of excellent publications. Emotions have now become mainstream.
Alger Hiss’s Looking-Glass Wars
Authors: White G Edward
Published: November 2023

For decades, a great number of Americans saw Alger Hiss as an innocent victim of McCarthyism--a distinguished diplomat railroaded by an ambitious Richard Nixon. And even as the case against Hiss grew over time, his dignified demeanor helped create an aura of innocence that outshone the facts in many minds. Now G. Edward White deftly draws together the countless details of Hiss's life--from his upper middle-class childhood in Baltimore and his brilliant success at Harvard to his later career as a self-made martyr to McCarthyism--to paint a fascinating portrait of a man whose life was devoted to perpetuating a lie. White catalogs the evidence that proved Hiss's guilt, from Whittaker Chambers's famous testimony, to copies of State Department documents typed on Hiss's typewriter, to Allen Weinstein's groundbreaking investigation in the 1970s. The author then explores the central conundrums of Hiss's life: Why did this talented lawyer become a Communist and a Soviet spy? Why did he devote so much of his life to an extensive public campaign to deny his espionage? And how, without producing any new evidence, did he convince many people that he was innocent? White offers a compelling analysis of Hiss's behavior in the face of growing evidence of his guilt, revealing how this behavior fit into an ongoing pattern of denial and duplicity in his life. The story of Alger Hiss is in part a reflection of Cold War America--a time of ideological passions, partisan battles, and secret lives. It is also a story that transcends a particular historical era--a story about individuals who choose to engage in espionage for foreign powers and the secret worlds they choose to conceal. In White's skilled hands, the life of Alger Hiss comes to illuminate both of those themes.
Early Narratives: A Window to the Child’s Inner World
Authors: Emde Robert N
Published: November 2023

Narrative organizes the stream of life’s experience. Clinicians, in acknowledging this fact, have described successful psychotherapy as a process wherein one makes a coherent narrative for one’s life. Putting together large chunks of memories into a storied whole that makes sense can promote health. But more immediate, everyday experience is also organized in narrative form. We make sense of everyday events for ourselves in relation to others in a way that takes on a story form and is connected to our feelings. In other words, we pull together what is emotionally meaningful to us. We are then able to tell others about our experience, engage their interest, share meanings, and, in so doing, enlarge or “co-construct” new meanings. Affective meaning making in narratives, both for ourselves and for sharing with others, is a vital human endeavor. It is thus a momentous development when a child acquires the capacity for narrative at around three years of age.
The MacArthur Narrative Coding System: One Approach to Highlighting Affective Meaning Making in the MacArthur Story Stem Battery
Authors: Robinson Joann L , Mantz-Simmons Linda
Published: November 2023

The investigator who wishes to capture the child’s response continuities across stories faces a potential dilemma. Should coders watch responses to multiple story stems before applying a rating; or should they focus attention on story stem responses one at a time? The former approach would capture the pattern of story responses as a whole, potentially one dimension at a time, whereas the latter would lead to strong interrater reliability and greater breadth of coverage of response dimensions. Because the MacArthur Narrative Coding System (MNCS) was developed first to be applied to story responses of 700 young twins in the MacArthur Longitudinal Twin Study (MALTS), the authors opted for high reliability and breadth of coverage, using the latter approach, and created a scoring system that would “survey the territory,” detailing thematic content and performance features for each narrative.
The Technology Of Coercive Control
Authors: Stark Evan
Published: November 2023

The preceding two chapters sketched the evolution of coercive control from earlier forms of violence against women and identified its primary harm with the suppression of personal liberty. This chapter describes how perpetrators use coercive control, its technology. I distinguish the strategic aims, dynamics, and effects of coercive control from partner assault as well as from fights; group the tactics deployed into four dynamics (violence, intimidation, isolation, and control); and document the prevalence of these tactics. The interplay between the selection of coercive and controlling tactics and persistent sociocultural constraints is illustrated by the special vulnerability of immigrant women. I draw on case material to capture the dynamics and experiential effects when men deploy this technology. The low-income, minority, and immigrant women who are disproportionately represented in the shelter population and my criminal caseload typically suffer higher levels of violence than the middle-class, native born, and white women and men who make up the majority of my counseling and family court clients. But the broad contours of abuse in these groups are identical.
For Love Or Money
Authors: Stark Evan
Published: November 2023

The scam was simple. Laura Ferrucci was the bookkeeper for Bryant Air. Knowing the company frequently did business with the Davis Remodeling Company of West Haven, Laura’s boyfriend, Nick Monsanto, opened a checking account for Davis Remodeling Company at his home address. Each month, when Laura paid the bills, she printed a check to the dummy company but excluded it from the bank statement. At first, either the president of Bryant or his wife signed the checks, mistaking the dummy company without the West Haven address for the legitimate business. Later Laura brought the checks home, Nick forged the president’s name, and then deposited them in his account.
The Special Reasonableness Of Battered Women
Authors: Stark Evan
Published: November 2023

Bonnie Foreshaw lived with her son in Bloomfield, Connecticut, a middleclass suburb of Hartford. After 3 years of an abusive marriage, she had finally convinced her husband, Lessup, to move out, though she had to put a car in his name and pay off the loan to get him to do so. He continued to watch the house, called to threaten her, and often followed and harassed her when she went out. For protection, Bonnie bought a .38-caliber handgun on the street, though she had never fired a weapon. She took the gun with her late one evening in March 1986, when she drove a female friend home to the notorious East End of Hartford. She dropped her friend at around 12:30 A.M., then stopped for a nonalcoholic beer at the Progressive League, a Jamaican social club. She put the small weapon in her blouse. A stranger named Freeman asked to buy her a drink. Bonnie demurred, not meaning to offend. “You think you’re too good?” the man retorted.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression
Authors: Klein Donald F , Wender Paul H
Published: November 2023

We Hope in the preceding pages we have conveyed to you how important it is to obtain an accurate diagnosis prior to treatment of depression and related illnesses. Accurate diagnosis requires both a general medical and a specialized psychiatric examination. Although most patients with depression do not have another underlying medical condition, the possibility is great enough so that an initial evaluation must include appropriate medical screening. The physical examination should include the usual blood, urine, and other laboratory tests for the most frequent abnormalities associated with depression—such as underactivity of the thyroid gland—and the physician should also be aware of uncommon, but not rare, conditions associated with depression, such as hepatitis. If the doctor suspects that one of these less common medical conditions may underlie the depression, further medical examination is indicated.
Northern Mexico’s Landscape,Part I: The Physical Setting and Constraints on Modeling Biotic Evolution
Authors: Ferrusquía-Villafranca Ismael , Guzmán Laura I González , Cartron Jean-Luc E
Published: November 2023

A proper understanding of the biodiversity of any area should include adequate knowledge of the regional geologic and biotic evolution. In northern Mexico (and many other regions as well), the history of biotic evolution is poorly known. As a result, the studies that model this evolution are largely speculative, yielding not only different but sometimes contradictory findings. The Cenozoic terrestrial vertebrate record is small, but it is sufficient to give us a tantalizing view of the fauna that inhabited this region.
Fishes of the Continental Waters of Tamaulipas: Diversity and Conservation Status
Authors: León Francisco J García De , Tirado Delladira Gutiérrez , Hendrickson Dean A , Pérez Héctor Espinosa
Published: November 2023

With an origin dating back 400 million years, fishes represent the most ancient group of vertebrates (Helfman et al. 1997). They are also the most diverse, with more than 25,000 species. Of the more than 2200 species known from Mexico, about 500 live in freshwater. The Mexican Official Norm NOM-059-ECOL-2001 lists only 186 fish species among the 1515 vertebrates “At Risk” in Mexico (SEMARNAT 2002; see chapter 4). Fishes thus account for only 12.3% of all listed species in Mexico, compared to 30.8% for reptiles, 24.8% birds, and 19.5% mammals.
Baja California’s Enduring Mediterranean Vegetation: Early Accounts, Human Impacts, and Conservation Status
Authors: Minnich Richard A , Franco-Vizcaíno Ernesto
Published: November 2023

Aunique and enduring traditional land-use system still exists in northern Baja California’s Mediterranean grasslands, shrublands, oak woodlands, and conifer forests. This portion of the Californian floristic province has a pristine character rarely seen in Alta California, as the rural landscape remains little altered from the late eighteenth century, when Europeans first described it. Until recently, most of Baja California’s biological environment was not as intensively exploited as Alta California’s, despite the lack of effective formal protection for its wildlands. The region had expe-rienced only a few brief gold-mining strikes.
Nesting Seabirds of the Gulf of California’s Offshore Islands: Diversity, Ecology, and Conservation
Authors: Velarde Enriqueta , Cartron Jean-Luc E , Drummond Hugh , Anderson Daniel W , Gallardo Fanny Rebón , Palacios Eduardo , Rodríguez Cristina
Published: November 2023

The Gulf of California (fig. 23.1; described in detail in chapter 9) is an elongated, semi-enclosed sea separating the Baja California peninsula from north western mainland Mexico. Its southern boundary is somewhat subjective, but based on geological and bathymetric parameters, it should be extended south to a line joining Cabo San Lucas at the tip of the Baja California peninsula to Cabo Corrientes, Jalisco. Following this view, the south-ern Gulf corresponds here to a triangular area ly-ing between the coast of the Mexican mainland from Mazatlán, Sinaloa south to Cabo Corrientes; the Gulf’s southern boundary, as defined above; and another imaginary line joining Cabo San Lucas to Mazatlán (fig. 23.1).
Bubonic Plague in Early Modern Russia
Authors: Alexander John T
Published: November 2023

John T. Alexander’s study dramatically highlights how the Russian people reacted to the Plague, and shows how the tools of modern epidemiology can illuminate the causes of the plague’s tragic course through Russia. Bubonic Plauge in Early Modern Russia makes contributions to many aspects of Russian and European history: social, economic, medical, urban, demographic, and meterological. It is particularly enlightening in its discussion of eighteenth-century Russia’s emergent medical profession and public health institutions and, overall, should interest scholars in its use of abundant new primary source material from Soviet, German, and British archives.
Genetics and Demography of Small Populations
Authors: Smith James N M , Keller Lukas F
Published: November 2023

Populations are collections of individuals of the same species that occupy a defined place (Krebs 2001). In sexually reproducing species, they can vary in size from a single pair of breeders on an island to billions of migratory locusts. Some populations, like locusts, are highly mobile and extend over vast areas. Others live discontinuously in patchy habitats, on mountaintops, or on island archipelagoes. Collections of subpopulations are sometimes termed metapopul.ations (Hanski 1999), where movements of individuals link the dynamics of adjacent subpopulations. All populations fluctuate, growing when reproduction and immigration exceed mortality and emigration, and declining when the reverse conditions apply. When numbers fluctuate in a large population, local extinction (hereafter extirpation) is unlikely, because it is likely that some individuals will survive even the harshest conditions. However, fluctuations can cause small populations to disappear or decline to a size where genetic decay or random loss become likely. If only one population of the species remains, global extinction can follow. The behavior of small and isolated populations is thus of central interest to conservation biologists whose aim is to save rare and declining populations. In this book, we examine how small size influences the genetic structure and ecological performance of populations. In particular, we use a 28-year study of a small songbird, the song sparrow, on a tiny island in western Canada to illustrate the effects of chance processes on the ecology and genetic composition of the population.
The Song Sparrow and the Brown-Headed Cowbird
Authors: Smith James N M , Marr Amy B , Arcese Peter , Keller Lukas F
Published: November 2023

The Life History of the Cowbird and Other Brood Parasites The brown-headed cowbird is one of 100 species of obligate brood parasitic birds worldwide (Davies 2000; Lowther 1993). These birds lay all their eggs in the nests of other “host” species, which then incubate the parasite eggs and rear the resulting young (Rothstein and Robinson 1998a). In one-third of brood parasitic species, including the cowbird, the parasite nestlings are reared together with the host chicks. In the other species, the parasite nestling kills the host nestlings or evicts all host eggs and chicks from the nest (Davies 2000). Brood parasites are often highly mobile and often have distinct feeding, breeding, and roosting areas several kilometers apart (Davies 2000; Curson et al. 2000). In contrast, songbirds with parental care must stay near one place to perform their parental duties and defend their nests and mates.
The Genetic Consequences of Small Population Size: Inbreeding and Loss of Genetic Variation
Authors: Keller Lukas F , Marr Amy B , Reid Jane M
Published: November 2023

When agriculturalists breed domestic animals and plants to favor desired traits, they almost always work with small populations. Therefore, the genetic consequences of small population size have been of interest for a long time. Inbreeding depression, the reduced performance of individuals with related parents, has been studied for more than 200 years. Inbreeding occurs most frequently within small populations, since options to mate with nonrelatives are limited. Pioneering experiments on inbreeding by Kolreuter (1766), Knight (1799), and others were followed by Charles Darwin’s book on the consequences of inbreeding and crossbreeding in plants (Darwin 1876). Darwin reported experiments with no less than 57 plant species! However, Darwin was unaware of Mendel’s recent discovery, in 1866, that the amount of heterozygosity halves in each generation of self-fertilization. Darwin’s interpretations of the causes of inbreeding depression therefore remained vague.
Complementizer Deletion in Italian
Authors: Giorgi Alessandra , Pianesi Fabio
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this chapter is to shed light on a phenomenon of Italian, which seems to have several interesting connections with issues in morphology, morph syntax and semantics-namely, Complementizer Deletion. Our main tenet is that so-called Complementizer “Deletion” is no deletion at all, nor is it movement of the verb to a complementizer position; it is simply an instance of the familiar V-to-Agr of Italian. More precisely, when CD is available Agr has peculiar properties due to the morph syntactic environment in which it is realized, which license a structure with no overt complementizer.
Honduras: Remaking an “Armed Rabble”
Authors: Holden Robert H
Published: November 2023

We’ve all been brawlers and the brawls haven’t gotten us anywhere. —Gen. Abraham Williams Calderón, vice president of Honduras, 1933–48, speaking as a delegate to the constitutional convention of 22 October 1957 Following the German invasion of France in the summer of 1940, the United States appealed to the Honduran government for information: How many German, Italian, and Japanese nationals were living in Honduras? How many of them were born in Honduras? Where were they living? Washington also needed the permission of Honduras for U.S. armed forces planes to regularly fly over its territory and to land if necessary, to become “better acquainted with military men, particularly air men,” as well as to expose U.S. pilots to Central American weather and flying conditions.
Nicaragua: “Ready to Receive Orders from Uncle Sam”
Authors: Holden Robert H
Published: November 2023

We are here, I personally and the army of Nicaragua, ready to receive orders from Uncle Sam. We are together now and will be forever. —Pres. Anastasio Somoza García, in a speech at a U.S.-Nicaraguan military staff meeting, Managua, 28 May 1945 Ever on the lookout to strengthen his Guardia, President Somoza responded with his usual ebullience to Washington’s proposal, in May 1940, to all the Latin American governments for secret military collaboration negotiations to coordinate the defense of the hemisphere. He offered to recruit an army of forty thousand Nicaraguans, who would of course require far more weapons than his government actually possessed.”He suggested,” the U.S. minister in Nicaragua reported without comment, “that it might be advisable to construct a small arsenal on the Gulf of Fonseca to store enough arms for his proposed army. He was quick to add that naturally such an arsenal would be under the protection of American troops,” and that it could also be used to store arms for the other Central American governments. Nicaragua became the first isthmian country to sign a Lend-Lease agreement on 16 October 1941, under which the United States obligated itself to transfer “armaments and munitions of war” worth about $1.3 million. Managua had the only Central American airfield outside of Guatemala that was substantially improved at U.S. government expense and made available to U.S. military forces for defense of the hemisphere.
Costa Rica: An Army Renamed
Authors: Holden Robert H
Published: November 2023

The Guardia Civil could become the main nucleus of an Army with a view toward wider objectives than those directed purely at keeping internal public order. —Fernando Lara, foreign minister of Costa Rica, to U.S. ambassador, 11 March 1952 In 1940, Pres. Rafael Angel Calderón Guardia worried that fifth columns of both fascists and communists might undertake operations against his government—or so he told the U.S. minister in San José. On 5 June, with France on the verge of collapse, and perhaps out of a genuine fear that his country would be defenseless were the United States drawn into the war in Europe, Calderón Guardia begged the U.S. envoy for arms and ammunition, and a week later, when pressed for his “actual needs,” mentioned four thousand rifles and forty-five submachine guns for the 324man Army of Costa Rica.
Escaping Salem
Authors: Godbeer Richard
Published: November 2023

Few events in American history are as well remembered as the Salem Witch Trials of 1692. But there was another witch hunt that year, in Stamford, Connecticut, that has never been examined in depth. Now Richard Godbeer describes this "other witch hunt" in a concise, fascinating narrative that illuminates the colonial world and shatters the stereotype of early New Englanders as quick to accuse and condemn. That stereotype originates with Salem, which was in many ways unlike other outbreaks of witch-hunting in the region. Drawing on eye-witness testimony, Godbeer tells the story of Kate Branch, a seventeen-year-old afflicted by strange visions and given to blood-chilling wails of pain and fright. Branch accused several women of bewitching her, two of whom were put on trial for witchcraft. The book takes us inside the courtroom--and inside the minds of the surprisingly skeptical Stamford townfolk. Was the pain and screaming due to natural causes, or to supernatural causes? Was Branch simply faking the symptoms? And if she was telling the truth, why believe the demonic sources of the information, who might well be lying? For the judges, Godbeer shows, the trial was a legal thicket. All agreed that witches posed a real and serious threat, but proving witchcraft (an invisible crime) in court was another matter. The court in Salem had become mired in controversy over its use of dubious evidence. In an intriguing passage, Godbeer examines Magistrate Jonathan Selleck's notes on how to determine the guilt of someone accused of witchcraft--an illuminating look at what constituted proof of witchcraft at the time. The stakes were high--if found guilty, the two accused women would be hanged. In the afterword, Godbeer explains how he used the trial evidence to build his narrative, an inside look at the historian's craft that enhances this wonderful account of life in colonial New England.
Pioneers Of Jazz
Authors: Gushee Lawrence
Published: November 2023

Thanks to the pioneering tours of the Creole Band, jazz began to be heard nationwide on the vaudeville stages of America from 1914 to 1918. This seven-piece band toured the country, exporting for the first time the authentic jazz strains that had developed in New Orleans at the start of the 20th century. The band’s vaudeville routines were deeply rooted in the minstrel shows and plantation cliches of American show business in the late 19th century, but its instrumental music was central to its performance and distinctive and entrancing to audiences and reviewers. Pioneers of Jazz reveals at long last the link between New Orleans music and the jazz phenomenon that swept America in the 1920s. While they were the first important band from New Orleans to attain national exposure, The Creole Band has not heretofore been recognized for its unique importance. But in his monumental, careful research, jazz scholar Lawrence Gushee firmly establishes the group’s central role in jazz history. Gushee traces the troupe’s activities and quotes the reaction of critics and audiences to their first encounters with this new musical phenomenon. While audiences often expected (and got) a kind of minstrel show, the group transcended expectations, taking pride in their music and facing down the theatrical establishment with courage. Although they played the West Coast and Canada, most of their touring centered in the heartland. Most towns of any size in Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana heard them, often repeatedly, and virtually all of their appearances were received with wild enthusiasm. After four years of nearly incessant traveling, members of the band founded or joined groups in Chicago’s South Side cabaret scene, igniting the craze for hot New Orleans music for which the Windy City was renowned in the early 1920s. The best-known musicians in the group—cornetist Freddie Keppard, clarinetist Jimmy Noone and string bassist Bill Johnson—would play a significant role in jazz, becoming famous for recordings in the 1920s. Gushee effectively brings to life each member of the band and discusses their individual contributions, while analyzing the music with precision, skillful and exacting documentation. Including many never before published photos and interviews, the book also provides an invaluable and colorful look at show business, especially vaudeville, in the 1910s. While some of the first jazz historians were aware of the band’s importance, attempts to locate and interview surviving members (three died before 1935) were sporadic and did little or nothing to correct the mostly erroneous accounts of the band’s career. The jazz world has long known about Gushee’s original work on this previously neglected subject, and the book represents an important event in jazz scholarship. Pioneers of Jazz brilliantly places this group’s unique importance into a broad cultural and historical context, and provides the crucial link between jazz’s origins in New Orleans and the beginning of its dissemination across the country.
Churchill: A Study in Greatness
Authors: Best Geoffrey
Published: November 2023

One of the glorious triumvirate of World War II and founder of the strong Anglo-American friendship that is still apparent today, Winston Churchill stands out in history as a man who led his country through one of its most difficult times, with all of the steadfastness of a fierce and loyal bulldog. Churchill was already recognized as the most diversely gifted man in British politics before, at the ripe old age of 66, he suddenly emerged as a figure of world importance. Becoming Prime Minister on the very day in 1940 that Hitler invaded France and the Low Countries, he braced the British people to continue fighting and even to counterattack the, up to that point, all-victorious Germans. A clever and confident statesman, with an obvious love for the people he served, for years Churchill's character went unchallenged and his inspiring leadership left him above criticism. Recently, however, his record has come under attack. In Churchill: A Study in Greatness, one of Britain's most distinguished historians makes sense of this extraordinary man, and his long, controversial, colorful, contradictory and heroic career. Geoffrey Best illuminates both his strengths and his weaknesses, looking past the many received versions of Churchill, in a biography that balances the private and the public man and offers a clear insight into what made him truly great.
Eastern Questions
Authors: Best Geoffrey
Published: November 2023

Any attempt to understand Winston Churchill is faced with a need to locate his deep-down principles and passions—indeed his principles-cum-passions which alone explain or help to explain the sometimes contradictory attitudes and actions which appear on the surface. On the one hand, he was held up by some as unreliable, unpredictable and unprincipled. On the other, he could boldly present himself as ‘more truly consistent than almost any other public man’, and he closed a 1927 essay on ‘Consistency in Politics’ with these ‘charitable lines of Crabbe’: Minutely trace man’s life; year after year, Through all his days let all his deeds appear, And then, though some may in that life be strange, Yet there appears no vast nor sudden change; The links that bind those various deeds are seen, And no mysterious void is left between. He certainly did not feel mysterious to himself. Two of his deep-down passions and principles were, first, the rule of law as protector of civil and religious liberty, and of the standards of civilisation; and, secondly, the place and prestige in the world of Great Britain and its Empire, as necessary both for the security of the English-speaking people and for the welfare of its other subjects. In the gap which sometimes opened between them may be glimpsed, not at all surprisingly, prejudices and assumptions which he shared with other men of his age, race, nation and class.
‘Action This Day’
Authors: Best Geoffrey
Published: November 2023

Several veterans of Churchillian service recorded descriptions of what a normal working day was like. Apart from the fact that no day was normal when he was around (an entry in a secretary’s diary begins, ‘The PM being away, an unnatural calm reigns’), some regular items and features can be discerned.I He had to be awake by eight because that was when the daily report from the Map Room arrived. He stayed in bed and worked from there, attended by secretaries and assistants, unless or until he had to get up for the War Cabinet, which met daily or even more often through the early perilous months, usually twice a week thereafter, or for any other unavoidable committee. (Neville Chamberlain to begin with, then Sir John Anderson, and finally Clement Attlee chaired the Lord President’s Committee which relieved him of much routine work and almost everything to do with the Home Front.) Ismay would always be there, walking his tightrope between the Prime Minister and the Chiefs of Staff; also one or more of his Private Secretaries, and often the Secretary to the Cabinet would look in. After a hot bath the great man himself would get up for lunch, an interlude regularly used for discussion of war business with persons he wanted to talk to. After lunch, there might be a Cabinet meeting or one of the ad hoc committees which brought together all interested parties for consideration of specially important business, perhaps the ‘Tank Parliament’ (which never succeeded in doing much good) or the Anti-U-Boat Committee (which did). ‘But whatever his arrangements, he invariably got between the sheets [in the afternoon or early evening] for an hour or so.
France and de Gaulle
Authors: Best Geoffrey
Published: November 2023

One of the major difficulties dumped on Churchill in the early summer weeks of 1940, a difficulty destined to run on until the very end of the war, was how to handle the self-appointed representative of the Free French people based in London, General de Brigade Charles de Gaulle. By the middle of June 1940 the mainland French government was asking for an armistice, and Hitler’s armies were on their way to controlling the French coast from Dunkirk to Biarritz. What else could be done in London, it might be asked, but to give up France for lost; to hope its purported neutrality would not turn into German vassalage; to incorporate such armed forces as de Gaulle might gather to himself within the Allied war effort; and (in terms of the political cartoons of the period) to wait until John Bull and, hopefully, Uncle Sam could liberate Marianne from the dragon’s chains? It was not as simple as that. Churchill flew five times to France between 16 May and 13 June, striving by this device or that to keep up the spirits of the Prime Minister, his friend Paul Reynaud, and, once the government had left Paris for the south, to urge it not to give up the fight but to carry it on from across the Mediterranean, where its immense African territories sheltered most of its navy and over 400,000 of its soldiers. His encouragement was unavailing, not least because the French leaders believed that Britain had let them down by not bringing all its fighter aircraft across the Channel to help defend France (in which Churchill thought them unreasonable: British losses in May and June 1940 amounted to a thousand aircraft and four hundred pilots and invasion was looming) and by sending an Expeditionary Force inadequate in size, equipment and training (in which Churchill had to acknowledge they were right, though this military feebleness was not of his doing).
Informed Consent
Authors: Youngner Stuart J
Published: November 2023

Informed consent is perhaps the ethical issue that most concerns critics inside and outside the tissue transplant industry. This is partly because it is often seen as a “solution” to other problems that have caused controversy in the field. Why has informed consent caused such a fuss in tissue transplantation when it did not cause much of a stir in organ transplantation? What concern there was in organ transplantation came primarily from the trans plant community itself-not from outsiders as with tissue-and stemmed from the shortage of organs and the fact that often people were either not asked to donate or declined when asked. In response, the passage of so-called required request laws attempted to ensure that family members of every potential donor were approached about donation.Required request failed.More recently, routine referral laws have attempted to improve the quality of informed consent by having experienced, motivated persons make the request and requiring that every single hospital death be reported to the local organ procurement organization (OP0).While the transplant indus-try has emphasized informed consent as a way to “offer the donation option” to families, the driving motivation has been the organ shortage.
Systematic Reviews Of Evidence-Based Studies And Practice-Based Research: How To Search For, Develop, And Use Them
Authors: Roberts Albert R , Yeager Kenneth
Published: November 2023

We live in a scientific age in which new medical and social science advances are reported almost daily, and the pace of change is breathtaking. In the midst of this, health and social services consumers are bombarded with information about medications, surgeries, alternative health care approaches, and psychosocial interventions that are “guaranteed” to ease their burden and enhance their lives each time they open their e-mail, turn on the TV, or go to the mailbox. Individuals are faced with choices of herbal remedies, gadgets, intrusive physical interventions, and intriguingly named psychological treatments, for example, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), to manage everything from life-threatening illness to unappealing aspects of their appearance. While some view this as the age of the educated consumer, few individuals have the ability to sift through the available data and make informed decisions. Rather, many of those seeking and requiring treatment turn to health care and mental health professionals with the expectation that these professionals will have the knowledge base to determine which treatment methodology is going to result in the most positive outcome with the least cost in terms of suffering, time, and money.
Informing Health Choices: Reflections on Knowledge Integration Strategies for Electronic Health Records
Authors: Hayward Robert
Published: November 2023

This chapter explores the informational requirements of informed decision making, illustrates how changes in information tools can affect health care practice, and highlights possible implications for a new culture of knowledge integration. The chapter begins with a brief examination of how information systems can support the kinds of health care choices most likely to improve patient safety, satisfaction, and outcomes. The next section explores the information needs of health care decision makers, defines evidencebased practice and policy making, and considers information behaviors implicit in evidence-based decision making. Evidence-based informatics is described as an approach to highlighting the validity, importance, and applicability of information supporting decisions within day-to-day health care practice. Third is a discussion and classification of information tools now proliferating in the health care workplace. The importance of information convenience, discrimination, and integration is highlighted. The fourth section considers how improving information technology and methods can affect the information culture of health care organizations. Each section suggests implications for future health care management and education and the potential impact on the quality of future medical care.
Toward Common Performance Indicators And Measures For Accountability In Behavioral Health Care
Authors: Teague Gregory B
Published: November 2023

In this chapter we describe an initiative that focuses broadly on organizations and systems of care. Other chapters in this volume focus on implementing specific evidence-based practice models or on developing or using measures to inform clinical practice, together offering practitioners an inviting array of diverse alternatives oriented to the clinical needs of particular groups of clients. Here, in contrast, is a plan to bridge this diversity of measurement by formulating common performance indicators and measures and promoting their widespread use across a wide array of service settings. The Adult Mental Health Workgroup (AMHW) of the Forum on Performance Measures in Behavioral Health and Related Service Systems (Forum) is a nationally representative group that has formulated and now proposes broad adoption of a few organizational performance measures for accountability and quality management in behavioral health care. The measures were carefully selected to reflect key aspects of care—access, quality/appropriateness, and outcomes—in essentially all settings providing mental health services to adults. Although the focus of the AMHW and consequently of this chapter is adult mental health services, the AMHW is working in conjunction with other Forum workgroups with corresponding initiatives in performance measurement for prevention and treatment of mental health and substance use disorders for all age groups.
Making participant observation research Matter: A Typology Based on 12,000 Felons
Authors: Reamer Frederic G
Published: November 2023

During much of my career I have been privileged to wear two hats simultaneously, that of an academician (professor in a graduate school of social work) and that of a practicing professional in various settings. For years I have shuttled-often on the same day-between my academic duties and my positions as a policy analyst on a governor’s staff, member of the board of commissioners of a state housing finance agency, and, most recently, as a member of a state parole board. In each instance I have sought to integrate what I have learned about research-formulating research questions, designing quantitative and qualitative empirical inquiries, gathering data, analyzing and interpreting results, and drawing on empirically based literature-with my diverse duties as a practitioner. During the years when I was active in the affordable housing field and on a governor’s staff, for example, I spent considerable time using my research knowledge and skills to gain a better understanding of the magnitude and determinants of homelessness and housing shortages, the likely benefits and limitations of various policy responses, and the impact of policy initiatives.
The Fine Art Of Grantsmanship
Authors: Streiner David L
Published: November 2023

For most people, the three R’s means reading, ‘riting, and ‘rithmetic. For many in academia, though, it could easily stand for ‘riting grants, rewriting grants, and rewriting the bloody things yet again. Grant writing is an integral part of a researcher’s life, but surprisingly, few graduate schools offer formal courses in it. It is a skill that some people pick up through painful trial and error. Based on my many years as a reviewer, grant panel member, and committee chair, however, I can safely say that some people never pick it up at all (although that does not stop them from applying). Once we leave aside grants that address “who cares” types of questions, part of the problem is that proposals serve two purposes, one overt and one covert. The overt purpose-telling the review panel what you want to do, why it is important, and how you will go about it-is therelatively easy part. The covert message-convincing the panel that you are able to carry out the project-is equally important but often overlooked by applicants, to their detriment. This chapter will discuss how to address both issues in a proposal and, equally important, how to deal with rejection.