bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supervised deep learning embeddings for the prediction of cervical cancer diagnosis
Authors: Fernandes Kelwin , Chicco Davide , Cardoso Jaime S. , Fernandes Jessica
Published: May 2018

Cervical cancer remains a significant cause of mortality all around the world, even if it can be prevented and cured by removing affected tissues in early stages. Providing universal and efficient access to cervical screening programs is a challenge that requires identifying vulnerable individuals in the population, among other steps. In this work, we present a computationally automated strategy for predicting the outcome of the patient biopsy, given risk patterns from individual medical records. We propose a machine learning technique that allows a joint and fully supervised optimization of dimensionality reduction and classification models. We also build a model able to highlight relevant properties in the low dimensional space, to ease the classification of patients. We instantiated the proposed approach with deep learning architectures, and achieved accurate prediction results (top area under the curve AUC = 0.6875) which outperform previously developed methods, such as denoising autoencoders. Additionally, we explored some clinical findings from the embedding spaces, and we validated them through the medical literature, making them reliable for physicians and biomedical researchers.
Chitin distribution in the Oithona digestive and reproductive systems revealed by fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Sugier Kevin , Vacherie Benoit , Cornils Astrid , Wincker Patrick , Jamet Jean-Louis , Madoui Mohammed-Amin
Published: May 2018

Among copepods, which are the most abundant animals on Earth, the genus Oithona is described as one of the most numerous and plays a major role in the marine food chain and biogeochemical cycles, particularly through the excretion of chitin-coated fecal pellets. Despite the morphology of several Oithona species is well known, knowledge of its internal anatomy and chitin distribution is still limited. To answer this problem, Oithona nana and O. similis individuals were stained by Wheat Germ Agglutinin-Fluorescein IsoThioCyanate (WGA-FITC) and DiAmidino-2-PhenylIndole (DAPI) for fluorescence microscopy observations. The image analyses allowed a new description of the organization and chitin content of the digestive and reproductive systems of Oithona male and female. Chitin microfibrils were found all along the digestive system from the stomach to the hindgut with a higher concentration at the peritrophic membrane of the anterior midgut. Several midgut shrinkages were observed and proposed to be involved in faecal pellet shaping and motion. Amorphous chitin structures were also found to be a major component of the ducts and seminal vesicles and receptacles. The rapid staining protocol we proposed allowed a new insight into the Oithona internal anatomy and highlighted the role of chitin in the digestion and reproduction. This method could be applied to a wide range of copepods in order to perform comparative anatomy analyses.
The role of PCNA as a scaffold protein in cellular signaling is functionally conserved between yeast and humans
Authors: Olaisen Camilla , Kvitvang Hans Fredrik N. , Lee Sungmin , Almaas Eivind , Bruheim Per , Drabløs Finn , Otterlei Marit
Published: May 2018

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a member of the highly conserved DNA sliding clamp family, is an essential protein for cellular processes including DNA replication and repair. A large number of proteins from higher eukaryotes contain one of two PCNA‐interacting motifs: PCNA‐interacting protein box (PIP box) and AlkB homologue 2 PCNA‐interacting motif (APIM). APIM has been shown to be especially important during cellular stress. PIP box is known to be functionally conserved in yeast, and here, we show that this is also the case for APIM. Several of the 84 APIM‐containing yeast proteins are associated with cellular signaling as hub proteins, which are able to interact with a large number of other proteins. Cellular signaling is highly conserved throughout evolution, and we recently suggested a novel role for PCNA as a scaffold protein in cellular signaling in human cells. A cell‐penetrating peptide containing the APIM sequence increases the sensitivity toward the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin in both yeast and human cells, and both yeast and human cells become hypersensitive when the Hog1/p38 MAPK pathway is blocked. These results suggest that the interactions between APIM‐containing signaling proteins and PCNA during the DNA damage response is evolutionary conserved between yeast and mammals and that PCNA has a role in cellular signaling also in yeast.
Effect of Random Void Defects on the Mechanical Behavior of C/C Braided Composites
Authors: Xu Jing , Lu Xiaofeng , Zhu Xiaolei
Published: May 2018

Carbon/carbon (C/C) composites are widely used in engineering due to their superior mechanical performance. However, manufacturing defects, such as voids and micro‐cracks, seriously affect the C/C material and may initiate microstructural damage. In this paper, finite element models with random void defects are constructed to analyze the progressive damage behavior of C/C braided composites subjected to uniaxial tension. Because Hashin's criteria may not accurately predict the onset of failure for the braided composites, an improved damage initiation criterion based on Hashin's theory is proposed. A new damage evolvement model that is controlled by the material fracture energy of the textile composites and equivalence displacements is proposed. A Monte Carlo algorithm program is written to randomly assign individual elements as “void defects” in the carbon fiber yarns, carbon matrix, and fiber yarn‐matrix interface. Based on numerical analysis, the influence of the volume fraction of voids in three zones on the mechanical properties of the C/C composites is investigated. The numerical simulation results show that although the braided fiber yarns reduce the effect of random void defects on the elastic modulus and tensile strength, the influence of matrix defects cannot be avoided.
Harnessing Human Decellularized Blood Vessel Matrices and Cellular Construct Implants to Promote Bone Healing in an Ex Vivo Organotypic Bone Defect Model
Authors: Inglis Stefanie , Schneider Karl Heinrich , Kanczler Janos M. , Redl Heinz , Oreffo Richard O. C.
Published: May 2018

Decellularized matrices offer a beneficial substitute for biomimetic scaffolds in tissue engineering. The current study examines the potential of decellularized placental vessel sleeves (PVS) as a periosteal protective sleeve to enhance bone regeneration in embryonic day 18 chick femurs contained within the PVS and cultured organotypically over a 10 day period. The femurs are inserted into decellularized biocompatibility‐tested PVS and maintained in an organotypic culture for a period of 10 days. In femurs containing decellularized PVS, a significant increase in bone volume (p< 0.001) is evident, demonstrated by microcomputed tomography (µCT) compared to femurs without PVS. Histological and immunohistological analyses reveal extensive integration of decellularized PVS with the bone periosteum, and enhanced conservation of bone architecture within the PVS. In addition, the expressions of hypoxia inducible factor‐1 alpha (HIF‐1α), type II collagen (COL‐II), and proteoglycans are observed, indicating a possible repair mechanism via a cartilaginous stage of the bone tissue within the sleeve. The use of decellularized matrices like PVS offers a promising therapeutic strategy in surgical tissue replacement, promoting biocompatibility and architecture of the tissue as well as a factor‐rich niche environment with negligible immunogenicity.
Multifunctional Smart Skin Adhesive Patches for Advanced Health Care
Authors: Hwang Insol , Kim Hong Nam , Seong Minho , Lee Sang‐Hyeon , Kang Minsu , Yi Hoon , Bae Won Gyu , Kwak Moon Kyu , Jeong Hoon Eui
Published: May 2018

A skin adhesive patch is the most fundamental and widely used medical device for diverse health‐care purposes. Conventional skin adhesive patches have been mainly utilized for routine medical purposes such as wound management, fixation of medical devices, and simple drug release. In contrast to traditional skin adhesive patches, recently developed patches incorporate multiple key functions of bulky medical devices into a thin, flexible patch based on emerging nanomaterials and flexible electronic technologies. Consequently, the meaning of the term “skin adhesive patch” becomes broader and smarter compared to the traditional term. This review summarizes recent efforts undertaken in the development of multifunctional advanced skin adhesive patches, and briefly describes future directions and challenges toward the next generation of smart skin adhesive patches for ubiquitous personalized health care.
Amphiphilic Block Copolymers Directed Interface Coassembly to Construct Multifunctional Microspheres with Magnetic Core and Monolayer Mesoporous Aluminosilicate Shell
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yue Qin , Yu Lei , Yang Xuanyu , Hou Xiu‐Feng , Zhao Dongyuan , Cheng Xiaowei , Deng Yonghui
Published: May 2018

Core–shell magnetic porous microspheres have wide applications in drug delivery, catalysis and bioseparation, and so on. However, it is great challenge to controllably synthesize magnetic porous microspheres with uniform well‐aligned accessible large mesopores (>10 nm) which are highly desired for applications involving immobilization or adsorption of large guest molecules or nanoobjects. In this study, a facile and general amphiphilic block copolymer directed interfacial coassembly strategy is developed to synthesize core–shell magnetic mesoporous microspheres with a monolayer of mesoporous shell of different composition (FDUcs‐17D), such as core–shell magnetic mesoporous aluminosilicate (CS‐MMAS), silica (CS‐MMS), and zirconia‐silica (CS‐MMZS), open and large pores by employing polystyrene‐block‐poly (4‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P4VP) as an interface structure directing agent and aluminum acetylacetonate (Al(acac)3), zirconium acetylacetonate, and tetraethyl orthosilicate as shell precursors. The obtained CS‐MMAS microspheres possess magnetic core, perpendicular mesopores (20–32 nm) in the shell, high surface area (244.7 m2 g−1), and abundant acid sites (0.44 mmol g−1), and as a result, they exhibit superior performance in removal of organophosphorus pesticides (fenthion) with a fast adsorption dynamics and high adsorption capacity. CS‐MMAS microspheres loaded with Au nanoparticles (≈3.5 nm) behavior as a highly active heterogeneous nanocatalyst for N‐alkylation reaction for producing N‐phenylbenzylamine with a selectivity and yields of over 90% and good magnetic recyclability.
Peptide‐Based Approaches to Fight Biofouling
Authors: Sakala Gowri Priya , Reches Meital
Published: May 2018

Biofouling is the undesirable accumulation of organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and barnacles on surfaces. It is a serious problem in many areas of our lives including health, food, water, and energy. For example, biofouling on medical devices causes hospital‐acquired infections. These infections caused by bacteria are often resistant to conventional antibiotics and therefore increase the number of deaths related to hospitalization. One of the solutions to avoid biofouling is to coat the surfaces with a material that resists biofouling by either killing the organisms (i.e., antimicrobial coating) or preventing their adhesion to the surface (i.e., antifouling coating). These coating solutions include the usage of biocidal agents, antibiotics, nanoparticles, polymers, and polycationic materials. Each of these solutions, however, has certain drawbacks. These include lack of long‐term stability, low biocompatibility, and high toxicity. In this context, peptide‐based materials gain considerable attention as antifouling and antimicrobial coatings. This is due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low toxicity profile. Here, the various types of peptide‐based materials utilized as antifouling coatings are reviewed. Recent reports show the importance of these peptide‐based coatings for applications ranging from biomedical implants to biosensors.
Topological Engineering of Photoluminescence Properties of Bismuth‐ or Erbium‐Doped Phosphosilicate Glass of Arbitrary P2O5 to SiO2 Ratio
Authors: Chu Yushi , Hu Qingliu , Zhang Yindong , Gao Zhigang , Fang Zaijin , Liu Lu , Yan Qiqi , Liu Yinyao , Sun Shiyu , Peng Gang‐Ding , Lewis Elfed , Ren Jing , Zhang Jianzhong
Published: May 2018

A new method is reported to achieve the manufacture of glass of arbitrary ratio of SiO2/P2O5 which cannot be made by conventional melt‐quenching method. The new method is termed “melt‐in‐melt” which encapsulates the key step in the glass manufacturing process, i.e. one molten glass is poured into another molten glass with a stirring at high temperatures. Because of near unlimited possibilities in designing new glass compositions, there is a correspondingly great degree of freedom in the topological engineering of the glass structure, which in turn strongly influences the photoluminescence (PL) properties of active dopants. As a proof concept, bismuth and erbium are selected as the indicator dopants for emphasizing the real advantages of the new method as an effective means to tailoring the PL properties of the doped glasses. The micro structure and element distribution within the fabricated glasses are comprehensively characterized by high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy, micro‐Raman and high‐performance X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Phase separation occurring at both nano‐ and meso‐scale is observed. Apart from the developed glasses being themselves promising broadband emission phosphors, the new glass‐making method may extend the possible applications of glass for important photonic applications (e.g. optical sensing, lighting, display, optical amplification and lasing etc.).
Absence of early HHV‐6 reactivation after cord blood allograft predicts powerful graft‐versus‐tumor effect
Authors: Rashidi Armin , Ebadi Maryam , Said Bassil , Cao Qing , Shanley Ryan , Curtsinger Julie , Bejanyan Nelli , Warlick Erica D. , Green Jaime S. , Brunstein Claudio G. , Miller Jeffrey S. , Weisdorf Daniel J.
Published: May 2018

Approximately 75% of cord blood transplant (CBT) recipients experience human herpes virus‐6 (HHV‐6) reactivation. Considering the immunomodulatory effects of HHV‐6, we hypothesized that early HHV‐6 reactivation may influence the risk of relapse of the underlying hematologic malignancy. In 152 CBT recipients with hematological malignancies, we determined the association between HHV‐6 reactivation by day +28 and 2‐year cumulative incidence of relapse. In univariate analysis, the absence of HHV‐6 reactivation (n = 32) was associated with less relapse (26 [18‐35]% vs. 7 [0‐17]% in groups with vs. without HHV‐6 reactivation, respectively; P = .03). This difference was due to a remarkably low relapse incidence among patients without HHV‐6 reactivation. In multivariable analysis, the absence of HHV‐6 reactivation was associated with less relapse (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.2 [0.05‐0.9], P = .03). This association was independent of patient‐, disease‐, and transplant‐related characteristics known to influence the risk of relapse. Natural killer cell and T‐cell reconstitution at day +28 were similar between patients with vs. without HHV‐6 reactivation. Our results suggest that CB allografts not complicated by HHV‐6 reactivation by day +28 have a powerful graft‐versus‐tumor effect. Knowledge about early HHV‐6 reactivation may stratify patients at day +28 into low vs. high relapse risk groups.
Dibenzofuran Synthesis: Decarbonylative Intramolecular C−H Arylation of Aromatic Esters
Authors: Okita Toshimasa , Komatsuda Masaaki , Saito Ami N. , Hisada Tomoya , Takahara Tomoaki T. , Nakayama Keito P. , Isshiki Ryota , Takise Ryosuke , Muto Kei , Yamaguchi Junichiro
Published: May 2018

A method to provide dibenzofurans through decarbonylative C−H arylation is described. Diaryl ethers bearing an ester functional group, which can be readily prepared by a SNAr reaction, underwent intramolecular C−H arylation in the presence of a palladium catalyst to afford the corresponding dibenzofurans. Electron‐rich bis(dialkylphosphine)s such as dcype were critical as the ligand, otherwise the reactions did not proceed at all. This is the first example of C−H arylation of aromatic esters with simple arenes utilized in intramolecular fashion.
MaxSynBio: Wege zur Synthese einer Zelle aus nicht lebenden Komponenten
Authors: Schwille Petra , Spatz Joachim , Landfester Katharina , Bodenschatz Eberhard , Herminghaus Stephan , Sourjik Victor , Erb Tobias J. , Bastiaens Philippe , Lipowsky Reinhard , Hyman Anthony , Dabrock Peter , Baret Jean‐Christophe , Vidakovic‐Koch Tanja , Bieling Peter , Dimova Rumiana , Mutschler Hannes , Robinson Tom , Tang T.‐Y. Dora , Wegner Seraphine , Sundmacher Kai
Published: May 2018

Ein großes deutsches Max‐Planck‐Forschungskonsortium (“MaxSynBio”) untersucht lebende Systeme aus fundamentaler Perspektive. Das Forschungsprogramm von MaxSynBio verfolgt dabei ausschließlich einen “Bottom‐up”‐Ansatz in der synthetischen Biologie: Es konzentriert sich auf die detaillierte Analyse und das Verständnis essentieller Lebensprozesse, indem es diese Prozesse als elementare Module in minimalen synthetischen Systemen rekonstituiert. Das ultimative Ziel von MaxSynBio ist es, eine lebende Zelle komplett aus nicht lebenden Komponenten zu konstruieren. Die grundlegenden Erkenntnisse aus den Aktivitäten in MaxSynBio können auf lange Sicht zur Etablierung neuer biotechnologischer Verfahren führen, die auf synthetischen Zellkonstrukten basieren. Langfristig könnten dadurch Organismen ersetzt werden, die derzeit in der konventionellen Biotechnologie Verwendung finden.
Colossal Negative Thermal Expansion in Electron‐Doped PbVO3 Perovskites
Authors: Yamamoto Hajime , Imai Takashi , Sakai Yuki , Azuma Masaki
Published: May 2018

Colossal negative thermal expansion (NTE) with a volume contraction of about 8 %, the largest value reported so far for NTE materials, was observed in an electron‐doped giant tetragonal perovskite compound Pb1−xBixVO3 (x=0.2 and 0.3). A polar tetragonal (P4mm) to non‐polar cubic structural transition took place upon heating. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and the working temperature could be tuned by changing the Bi content, and La substitution decreased the transition temperature to room temperature. Pb0.76La0.04Bi0.20VO3 exhibited a unit cell volume contraction of 6.7 % from 200 K to 420 K. Interestingly, further gigantic NTE of about 8.5 % was observed in a dilametric measurement of a Pb0.76La0.04Bi0.20VO3 polycrystalline sample. The pronounced NTE in the sintered body should be attributed to an anisotropic lattice parameter change.
Enhancing Temporal Control and Enabling Chain‐End Modification in Photoregulated Cationic Polymerizations by Using Iridium‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Kottisch Veronika , Supej Michael J. , Fors Brett P.
Published: May 2018

Gaining temporal control over chain growth is a key challenge in the enhancement of controlled living polymerizations. Though research on photocontrolled polymerizations is still in its infancy, it has already proven useful in the development of previously inaccessible materials. Photocontrol has now been extended to cationic polymerizations using 2,4,6‐triarylpyrylium salts as photocatalysts. Despite the ability to stop polymerization for a short time, monomer conversion was observed over long dark periods. Improved catalyst systems based on Ir complexes give optimal temporal control over chain growth. The excellent stability of these complexes and the ability to tune the excited and ground state redox potentials to regulate the number of monomer additions per cation formed allows polymerization to be halted for more than 20 hours. The excellent stability of these iridium catalysts in the presence of more nucleophilic species enables chain‐end functionalization of these polymers.
Blurring the Lines between Host and Guest: A Chimeric Receptor Derived from Cucurbituril and Triptycene
Authors: Lu Xiaoyong , Samanta Soumen K. , Zavalij Peter Y. , Isaacs Lyle
Published: May 2018

We report the synthesis and X‐ray crystal structure of a cucurbituril–triptycene chimeric receptor (1). Host 1 binds to guests typical of CB[6]–CB[8], but also binds to larger guests such as blue box (20) and the Fujita square (22). Intriguingly, the geometries of the 1⋅20 and 1⋅22 complexes blur the lines between host and guest in that both components fulfill both roles within each complex. The fluorescence output of 1 is fully quenched by the formation of complexes with pyridinium‐derived guests.
[Hg4Te8(Te2)4]8−: A Heavy Metal Porphyrinoid Embedded in a Lamellar Structure
Authors: Donsbach Carsten , Reiter Kevin , Sundholm Dage , Weigend Florian , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: May 2018

The use of ionic liquids (CnC1Im)[BF4] with long alkyl chains (n=10, 12) in the ionothermal treatment of Na2[HgTe2] led to lamellar crystal structures with molecular macrocyclic anions [Hg8Te16]8− (1), the heaviest known topological relative of porphyrin. [Hg8Te16]8− differs from porphyrin by the absence of an electronic π‐system, which prevents a “global” aromaticity. Quantum chemical studies reveal instead small ring currents in the pyrrole‐type five‐membered rings that indicate weak local (σ) aromaticity. As a result of their lamellar nature, the compounds are promising candidates for the formation of sheets containing chalcogenidometalate anions.
Real‐Time Probing of Nanowire Assembly Kinetics at the Air–Water Interface by In Situ Synchrotron X‐Ray Scattering
Authors: He Zhen , Jiang Hui‐Jun , Wu Long‐Long , Liu Jian‐Wei , Wang Geng , Wang Xiao , Wang Jin‐Long , Hou Zhong‐Huai , Chen Gang , Yu Shu‐Hong
Published: May 2018

Although many assembly strategies have been used to successfully construct well‐aligned nanowire (NW) assemblies, the understanding of their assembly kinetics has remained elusive, which restricts the development of NW‐based device and circuit fabrication. Now a versatile strategy that combines interfacial assembly and synchrotron‐based grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS) is presented to track the assembly evolution of the NWs in real time. During the interface assembly process, the randomly dispersed NWs gradually aggregate to form small ordered NW‐blocks and finally are constructed into well‐defined NW monolayer driven by the conformation entropy. The NW assembly mechanism can be well revealed by the thermodynamic analysis and large‐scale molecular dynamics theoretical evaluation. These findings point to new opportunities for understanding NW assembly kinetics and manipulating NW assembled structures by bottom‐up strategy.
One‐inflation and unobserved heterogeneity in population size estimation by Ryan T. Godwin
Authors: Inan Gul
Published: May 2018

In this study, we would like to show that the one‐inflated zero‐truncated negative binomial (OIZTNB) regression model can be easily implemented in R via built‐in functions when we use mean‐parameterization feature of negative binomial distribution to build OIZTNB regression model. From the practitioners' point of view, we believe that this approach presents a computationally convenient way for implementation of the OIZTNB regression model.
Rapid LC–MS/MS method for quantification of vinorelbine and 4‐O‐deacetylvinorelbine in human whole blood suitable to monitoring oral metronomic anticancer therapy
Authors: Corona Giuseppe , Gusella Milena , Gaspardo Anna , Miolo Gianmaria , Bertolaso Laura , Pezzolo Elisa , Pasini Felice , Steffan Agostino , Caruso Donatella
Published: May 2018

A rapid and sensitive LC–MS/MS method for therapeutic drug monitoring oral vinorelbine (VRL) metronomic anticancer chemotherapy has been developed and validated. Analysis of VRL and its main active metabolite 4‐O‐deacetylvinorelbine (M1) was performed in whole blood matrix. Both analytes were extracted by protein precipitation and separated on an Onyx monolith C18, 50 × 2 mm column then quantified by positive electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring mode. The LLOQ was 0.05 ng/mL for both VRL and M1. Linearity was up to 25ng/mL with R2 ≥ 0.994. The intra‐ and inter‐assay precisions were ≤ 11.6 and ≤ 10.4% while the ranges of accuracy were [−8.7%; 10.3%] and [−10.0; 7.4%] for VRL and M1, respectively. The clinical suitability of the method has been proved by the determination of the CTrough blood concentrations of VRL and M1 in 64 nonsmall cell lung cancer elderly patients. The analytical performance of the assay was suitable for pharmacokinetic monitoring of VRL and M1, allowing the personalization of the VRL metronomic treatments.
Multivariate techniques enable a biochemical classification of children with autism spectrum disorder versus typically‐developing peers: A comparison and validation study
Authors: Howsmon Daniel P. , Vargason Troy , Rubin Robert A. , Delhey Leanna , Tippett Marie , Rose Shannon , Bennuri Sirish C. , Slattery John C. , Melnyk Stepan , James S. Jill , Frye Richard E. , Hahn Juergen
Published: May 2018

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder which is currently only diagnosed through behavioral testing. Impaired folate‐dependent one carbon metabolism (FOCM) and transsulfuration (TS) pathways have been implicated in ASD, and recently a study involving multivariate analysis based upon Fisher Discriminant Analysis returned very promising results for predicting an ASD diagnosis. This article takes another step toward the goal of developing a biochemical diagnostic for ASD by comparing five classification algorithms on existing data of FOCM/TS metabolites, and also validating the classification results with new data from an ASD cohort. The comparison results indicate a high sensitivity and specificity for the original data set and up to a 88% correct classification of the ASD cohort at an expected 5% misclassification rate for typically‐developing controls. These results form the foundation for the development of a biochemical test for ASD which promises to aid diagnosis of ASD and provide biochemical understanding of the disease, applicable to at least a subset of the ASD population.
Rhenish Lignite – Energy Carrier and Versatile Raw Material through the Ages
Authors: Overhoff Urs , Moser Peter , Elsen Reinhold , Vinzelberg Gero , Eyll‐Vetter Michael , Neuroth Markus
Published: May 2018

As Germany's most important, domestic fossil energy carrier, lignite plays a crucial role in electricity and heat production. Even though its share of the overall power production is decreasing due to a rising feed‐in from renewable energy sources, fossil energy carriers will go on providing base load and back‐up electricity in times when renewable energies are not able to produce enough electricity. Lignite and byproducts, which are gained during the conversion and exploitation of lignite, can be used for material utilization. The production of hydrocarbons or extraction of important raw materials are examples. It is expected, that this field of application will gain relevance in the future.
Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibition prevents cell death via extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in rat pancreas with insulin resistance
Authors: Nephan Gulay , Coskun Zeynep Mine , Bolkent Sema
Published: May 2018

The study aims to evaluate the effect of saxagliptin, a specific inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 enzymes, on body weight gain, lipid profiles, and cell death through apoptosis in rats with insulin resistance (IR). Male adult Sprague‐Dawley rats (n = 32) were divided into 4 groups: control (Ctrl), IR, saxagliptin control, and IR treated with saxagliptin(IR + S). Insulin resistance was induced by 10% fructose in the drinking water for 8 weeks. Saxagliptin (10 mg/kg/day) was administrated by oral gavage for 2 weeks. Biochemical parameters were measured spectrophotometrically. Peptides were determined by the streptavidin‐biotin‐peroxidase method. Although the amount of food and liquid consumed are inversely proportional, the calories received are almost equal between both Ctrl and IR groups, as well as IR and IR + S groups. Increased homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, HOMA‐β, triglycerides, and very low‐density lipoprotein in the IR group were comparatively decreased by saxagliptin administration. The area percentage of caspase‐3 and apoptotic peptidase activating factor‐1 immunopositive cells in the IR + S group decreased compared with the IR group. Similarly, the percentages of caspase‐8 and ‐9 immunopositive cells in the IR group were higher than the IR + S group. It was observed that the percentage of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 immunopositive cells was increased in the IR + S group compared with the IR group. Thus, saxagliptin may prevent IR‐induced apoptotic cell death and regulate impaired homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance and serum lipid levels.
Gesunde Gebäude gesund bauen
Authors: Heusler Winfried , Faltus Eva‐Maria , Arztmann Daniel
Published: May 2018

Da wir bis zu neunzig Prozent unserer Zeit in Gebäuden verbringen, müssen diese gesund gestaltet werden. Eine optimale Gebäudehülle ist so auszuführen, dass diese nicht nur den Innenraum, sondern auch das Mikroklima im Umfeld des Gebäudes positiv beeinflusst. Zudem reicht es nicht aus, die Planungs‐ und Bauprozesse sowie Arbeitsmittel zu optimieren. Es gilt vielmehr die Menschen in den Werkstätten und auf der Baustelle möglichst wenig zu ermüden oder gar zu schädigen. Durch Digitalisierung, Künstliche Intelligenz und Cyber Physical Systems werden Gebäude immer flexibler und menschenzentrierter. Das Gebäude wird zum lebenden Labor.
A Degradable and Recyclable Photothermal Conversion Polymer
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Qi , Wang Zhen , Li Ruiting , He Yonglin , Wang Yapei
Published: May 2018

Decomposition and repolymerization of conjugated polymers offer great promise for developing recyclable photothermal conversion materials, which yet remain challenging. Herein, a crosslinked conjugated polymer based on a dynamic covalent bond of Schiff base is developed. This polymer possesses photothermal conversion efficiency as high as 90.4 %. Decomposition of the polymer under specialized conditions is corroborated by various characterizations. The kinetics study is also investigated to understand this degradation process. Furthermore, those decomposed species can be repolymerized back to conjugated polymers which possess the same photothermal conversion efficiency as the pristine polymer. Such a degradable and recyclable photothermal polymer is successfully used as a heat source for photothermal‐electrical conversion to generate Seebeck voltage under either near infrared (NIR) irradiation or solar illumination.
A Trichromatic and White‐Light‐Emitting MOF Composite for Multi‐Dimensional and Multi‐Response Ratiometric Luminescent Sensing
Authors: Dai Yue , Zhang Jian‐Jun , Liu Shu‐Qin , Zhou Huajun , Sun Ying‐Ji , Pan Yu‐Zhen , Ni Jun , Yang Jing‐Si
Published: May 2018

Present here is a new dual ratiometric luminescent probe D which is a trichromatic and white‐light‐emitting metal‐organic framework (MOF) composite facilely obtained by incorporating red/green‐emitting complex modules into a blue‐emitting MOF. Probe D exhibits remarkable capabilities of sensing different volatile organic solvents (VOSs) via 2D code recognition of the two VOS‐dependent MOF ligand‐to‐module ratios of the emission‐peak intensities. For specific VOSs, the resultant luminescent color changes from the starting white color are sharp enough to be visible to the naked eye. Remarkably, D can differentiate solution‐phase nitroaromatics and metal ions by recording the evolution of the two ratios during titration processes, enabling an unusual 3D code recognition using the titrant amount as the third dimension for the first time. D also can be used to detect dinoseb, Fe3+ and Al3+ ions quantitatively by analysis of the ratios with detection limits as low as 0.050, 0.41, and 0.12 ppm, respectively. Clearly, such a self‐referencing trichromatic probe can maximize the output information and significantly enhance the detection selectivity and sensitivity via multi‐dimensional sensing, and has great potentials for practical applications.
Dimerization of the Benzyl Radical in a High‐Temperature Pyrolysis Reactor Investigated by IR/UV Ion Dip Spectroscopy
Authors: Hirsch Florian , Constantinidis Philipp , Fischer Ingo , Bakels Sjors , Rijs Anouk M.
Published: May 2018

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Ingo Fischer at the University of Würzburg and of Anouk M. Rijs at the Radboud University. The image depicts polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons produced in the self‐reaction of the benzyl radical. Benzyl itself is formed in combustion engines from toluene, an anti‐knock additive. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201800852.
Cells, cytokines, chemokines, and cancer stress: A biobehavioral study of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Andersen Barbara L. , Goyal Neha Godiwala , Weiss David M. , Westbrook Travis D. , Maddocks Kami J. , Byrd John C. , Johnson Amy J.
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent adult leukemia, with profound disease‐related cellular, humoral, and innate immune suppression. The objective of this study was to study the correlations between stress and disease‐specific, negative prognostic cellular, cytokine, and chemokine markers in patients with CLL.

METHODS

A single‐group, observational design was used. Patients with relapsed/refractory CLL (N = 96) who were entering a phase 2 trial of an experimental therapy (ibrutinib) were studied. Before the first dose, a validated self‐report measure of stress (the Impact of Event Scale) was completed, and blood was drawn for absolute lymphocyte counts (ALCs) and for cytokine and chemokine enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Multiple linear regression models tested stress as a concurrent predictor of ALCs; of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α [TNFα], a proliferation‐inducing ligand [APRIL], B‐cell activating factor [BAFF], interleukin 6 [IL‐6], IL‐10, IL‐16, and vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]); and of the chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3).

RESULTS

Controlling for relevant demographic variables, comorbidities, CLL genetic risk (deletion of the short arm of chromosome 17 [del17p]), and correlates of inflammation, stress predicted higher ALCs (P < .05), and higher levels of TNFα (P < .05), IL‐16 (P < .01), and CCL3 (P < .05). Stress was not associated with APRIL, BAFF, IL‐6, IL‐10, or VEGF.

CONCLUSIONS

Novel biobehavioral data from patients with relapsed/refractory CLL demonstrate that stress is related to heightened levels of cellular, cytokine, and chemokine markers associated previously with progressive disease in CLL. The current results indicate that stress is related to immune and inflammatory processes that contribute to cancer cell proliferation and survival. These data provide a first look into these processes. Cancer 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Immunohistochemistry for histone H3G34W and H3K36M is highly specific for giant cell tumor of bone and chondroblastoma, respectively, in FNA and core needle biopsy
Authors: Schaefer Inga‐Marie , Fletcher Jonathan A. , Nielsen G. Petur , Shih Angela R. , Ferrone Marco L. , Hornick Jason L. , Qian Xiaohua
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

Diagnosing giant cell‐rich bone tumors can be challenging on limited biopsies. H3 histone family member 3A (H3F3A) (G34W/V/R/L) mutations are present in the majority of giant cell tumors (GCTs) of bone and H3 histone family member 3B (H3F3B) (K36M) mutations are present in nearly all chondroblastomas, but are absent in histologic mimics. Mutation‐specific immunohistochemistry (IHC) is highly specific for GCT and chondroblastoma in surgical excisions. The objective of the current study was to validate H3G34W and H3K36M IHC in the diagnosis of giant cell‐rich bone tumors on fine‐needle aspiration and core needle biopsy specimens.

METHODS

IHC was performed using monoclonal antibodies against histone H3.3 G34W and K36M in GCTs of bone (26 cases, including 2 malignant cases), GCT of Paget disease (1 case), chondroblastoma (8 cases), aneurysmal bone cyst (7 cases), and osteosarcoma (13 cases) with available fine‐needle aspiration and/or core needle biopsy specimens from 2 institutions. H3F3A and H3F3B Sanger sequencing was performed on all 4 H3G34W IHC‐negative GCTs.

RESULTS

IHC for H3G34W was positive in 22 of 26 GCTs (85%) and negative in all histologic mimics. IHC for H3K36M was positive in all 8 chondroblastomas and negative in all histologic mimics. IHC results were concordant between biopsy and surgical specimens in 152 of 158 samples (96%). Sequencing identified alternate H3F3A G34L and G34V mutations in 1 IHC‐negative GCT each, but no mutation was found in the remaining 2 cases.

CONCLUSIONS

H3G34W and H3K36M IHC is highly specific for GCT and chondroblastoma, respectively, among giant cell‐rich bone tumors, and is useful for confirming the diagnosis in limited biopsies. The presence of alternate H3F3A mutations accounts for the H3G34W IHC negativity in a subset of GCT of bone cases. Cancer Cytopathol 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Spontaneous Preparation of Monodispersed, Structural Colored, Spherical Particles by Rotational Stirring
Authors: Teshima Midori , Suzuki Motoki , Seki Takahiro , Takeoka Yukikazu
Published: May 2018

When rotational stirring was applied to an electrically neutral aqueous suspension containing negatively charged, monodispersed silica fine particles and a positively charged polyelectrolyte, monodispersed, spherical particles with a size of several hundred micrometers were obtained. Conditions such as the rotational stirring speed, solute concentration, and total suspension amount were examined to clarify the conditions under which the monodispersed, spherical particles can be obtained. Spherical particles with a uniform size were obtained because the solutes create aggregates by electrostatic interactions, and the flow of the suspension from rotational agitation disperses the aggregates. Additionally, the obtained monodispersed, spherical particles contained monodispersed silica fine particles in submicron size aggregates with short‐range order. We found that monodispersed, spherical particles with a vivid structural color could be prepared by incorporating a small amount of a black substance in the spherical particles. Because monodispersed, spherical particles with various colors can be created using silica, polymer, and carbon, which are non‐toxic materials, they may be useful as new, environmentally safe pigments.
Dealloyed Nanoporous Gold Catalysts: From Macroscopic Foams to Nanoparticulate Architectures
Authors: Li Guangfang Grace , Wang Hui
Published: May 2018

Dealloyed nanoporous Au membranes and spongy Au nanoparticles exhibit a set of unique structural features highly desirable for heterogeneous catalysis and electrocatalysis. In this Focus Review, we present the state‐of‐the‐art understanding of the complex mechanisms dictating the nanoscale porosity evolution during percolation dealloying of alloys and the structure‐composition‐performance correlations underpinning the catalytic behaviors of dealloyed nanoporous Au. We focus on several fundamentally intriguing but widely debated topics concerning the nature of the active sites, the dynamic surface reconstruction under reaction conditions, and the origin of catalytic selectivity toward certain reactions. We also provide perspectives on versatile dealloying‐based synthetic approaches for precise architectural tailoring of metallic nanocatalysts as well as exciting opportunities of harnessing the combined optical and catalytic properties of dealloyed nanoporous Au to drive or enhance unconventional interfacial chemical transformations.
Disease‐Associated Changes in Drug Transporters May Impact the Pharmacokinetics and/or Toxicity of Drugs: A White Paper From the International Transporter Consortium
Authors: Evers Raymond , Piquette‐Miller Micheline , Polli Joseph W. , Russel Frans G.M. , Sprowl Jason A. , Tohyama Kimio , Ware Joseph A. , de Wildt Saskia N. , Xie Wen , Brouwer Kim L.R. ,   on behalf of the International Transporter Consortium
Published: May 2018

Drug transporters are critically important for the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of many drugs and endogenous compounds. Therefore, disruption of these pathways by inhibition, induction, genetic polymorphisms, or disease can have profound effects on overall physiology, drug pharmacokinetics, drug efficacy, and toxicity. This white paper provides a review of changes in transporter function associated with acute and chronic disease states, describes regulatory pathways affecting transporter expression, and identifies opportunities to advance the field.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Organometallic Complexes Bearing Bis‐1,8‐naphthalimide Ligands
Authors: Streciwilk Wojciech , Terenzi Alessio , Lo Nardo Federico , Prochnow Pascal , Bandow Julia Elisabeth , Keppler Bernhard K. , Ott Ingo
Published: May 2018

Organometallic N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes with intercalating bis‐naphthalimide ligands were prepared and evaluated biologically. Cytotoxic effects against tumor cells or bacteria were strongly ligand dependent with minor influence of the metal (Ag, Ru, Rh, Au) centers. Complex 8b with a rhodium(I) NHC moiety was studied in more detail for its DNA interacting properties in comparison to the metal free ligand. These studies showed a good DNA binding pattern with some preference for the telomeric quadruplex structure hTelo. Complex 8b was also shown to trigger additional coordinative binding to the DNA and therefore represents an useful tool compound with a mixed intercalative/coordinative DNA binding mode.
Recent Progress in the Usage of Phenazinediamine and Its Analogues as Building Blocks to Construct Large N‐Heteroacenes
Authors: Li Junbo , Shen Yuqiang , Wan Jiaqi , Yu Xianglin , Zhang Qichun
Published: May 2018

Effectively increasing the length of N‐heteroacenes is highly desirable because such materials could have great potential applications in organic optoelectronics. In this review we summarize the recent progress in the construction of larger N‐heteroacenes based on the use of phenazinediamine and its analogues as building blocks to react with different kinds of ortho‐diketones (or tetraketones) or ortho‐dihalides through condensation or coupling reactions. In addition, the potential applications of the corresponding N‐heteroacenes are also presented.
Simultaneous Generation and Subsequent Cycloaddition of ortho‐Quinonemethides and Cyclic Enecarbamates Promoted by a Gold/Lewis Acid Catalytic System
Authors: Fernández Patricia , Alonso Pedro , Fañanás Francisco J. , Rodríguez Félix
Published: May 2018

A new catalytic reaction to synthesize structurally complex hexahydrochromeno[2,3‐b]pyrrole derivatives from simple 3‐butynamine and 2‐(hydroxymethyl)phenol derivatives is described. The process is promoted by a dual catalytic system formed by a gold complex and a Lewis acid (boron trifluoride). The reaction involves the synchronized transformation of the starting materials into two reactive intermediates, a cyclic enamine derivative and an ortho‐quinone methide, that subsequently react between them through a formal [4+2] cycloaddition to furnish the final poly‐heterocyclic product in a straightforward way.
Comparative two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D‐PAGE) of human milk to identify dysregulated proteins in breast cancer
Authors: Aslebagh Roshanak , Channaveerappa Devika , Arcaro Kathleen F. , Darie Costel C.
Published: May 2018

Breast cancer (BC) remains a major cause of mortality, and early detection is considered important for reducing BC‐associated deaths. Early detection of BC is challenging in young women, due to the limitations of mammography on the dense breast tissue of young women. We recently reported results of a pilot proteomics study, using one‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D‐PAGE) and mass spectrometry (MS) to investigate differences in milk proteins from women with and without BC. Here, we applied two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D‐PAGE) and MS to compare the protein pattern in milk from the breasts of a single woman who was diagnosed with BC in one breast 24 months after donating her milk. Statistically different gel spots were picked for protein digestion followed by nanoliquid chromatography tandem MS (nanoLC‐MS/MS) analysis. The upregulated proteins in BCversuscontrol are alpha‐amylase, gelsolin isoform a precursor, alpha‐2‐glycoprotein 1 zinc isoform CRA_b partial, apoptosis‐inducing factor 2 and vitronectin. Several proteins were downregulated in the milk of the breast later diagnosed with cancer as compared to the milk from the healthy breast, including different isoforms of albumin, cholesterol esterase, different isoforms of lactoferrin, different proteins from the casein family and different isoforms of lysozyme. Results warrant further studies to determine the usefulness of these milk proteins for assessing risk and detecting occult disease. MS data is available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD009860.
Determination of brompheniramine enantiomers in rat plasma by cation‐selective exhaustive injection and sweeping cyclodextrin modified electrokinetic chromatography method
Authors: Yao Yaqi , Zhao Yu , Zhang Xue , Yu Jia , Guo Xingjie
Published: May 2018

A method consisting of cation‐selective exhaustive injection and sweeping (CSEI‐sweeping) as online preconcentration followed by a cyclodextrin modified electrokinetic chromatography (CDEKC) enantioseparation has been developed for the simultaneous determination of two brompheniramine enantiomers in rat plasma. In this method, analytes were electrokinetically injected at a voltage of 8 kV for 80 s in a fused‐silica capillary. Prior to the injection, the capillary was rinsed with 50 mM phosphate buffer of pH 3.5, followed by a plug of a higher conductivity buffer (150 mM phosphate pH 3.5, 20 psi, 6 min) and a plug of water (0.5 psi, 5 s). Separation was carried out applying –20 kV in 50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 3.5, containing 10% v/v ACN and 30 mg/mL sulfated‐β‐cyclodextrin (S‐β‐CD). Analytical signals were monitored at 210 nm. The detection sensitivity of brompheniramine enantiomers was enhanced by about 2400‐fold compared to the normal injection mode (hydrodynamic injection for 3 s at 0.5 psi, with a BGE of 50 mM phosphate buffer containing 20 mg/mL S‐β‐CD at pH 3.5), and LLOQ of two enantiomers were both 0.0100 μg/mL. In addition, this method had fairly good repeatability and showed promising capabilities in the application of stereoselective pharmacokinetic investigations for brompheniramine enantiomers in rat.
Simultaneous bio‐electricity and bio‐hydrogen production in a continuous flow single microbial electrochemical reactor
Authors: Guadarrama‐Pérez Oscar , Hernández‐Romano Jesús , García‐Sánchez Liliana , Gutierrez‐Macias Tania , Estrada‐Arriaga Edson Baltazar
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the simultaneous production of bio‐electricity and bio‐hydrogen using a novel continuous flow single chamber hydrogen‐producing microbial electrochemical reactor (sMER‐H2). The inocula tested were: raw municipal wastewater (I 1), sporulated Gram‐positive bacteria (I 2), and a mixture of anaerobic granular sludge with sediments thermally pretreated (I 3). The best performance for bioelectrochemical and simultaneous hydrogen production occurred when the inoculum I 3 was tested. The maximum voltage generated with an external resistance of 1000 Ω was 671 mV. The maximum power density and volumetric density obtained in the sMER‐H2 was 46 mW/m2 and 6.4 W/m3, respectively. The maximum bio‐hydrogen production rate was 5.2 L H2/L·d., reaching up to 2.39 mol H2/mol sucrose. Using this new configuration of microbial fuel cell, high bio‐electricity and high bio‐hydrogen production were simultaneously generated. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: 297–304, 2019