bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of African Traditional Sales Enhancer (ATSE) on Utilization of Product Promotion Strategies by Micro-Entrepreneurs in Osogbo, Nigeria: Implications for Sustainable Development
Authors: Sangodapo Akinbode , Nwabufo Ngozi  B , Popoola K N
Published: February 2025

The influence of national and ethnic culture on entrepreneurial disposition and practice has long been established in several different cultures across the world. Such cultures often enhance, but sometimes inhibit entrepreneurial success. Previous studies indicate that many micro-entrepreneurs in Nigeria, especially in the southwestern part of the country do not sufficiently employ modern product promotion strategies, even though they are not completely unaware of them. Rather, they prefer to trust in God and other spiritual forces for sales growth and product preferment. This practice has grave negative implications for sales volume, entrepreneurship durability and sustainable development, profitability, and other success metrics. This paper is focused on evaluating the influence of African Traditional Sales Enhancer (ATSE) which is commonly employed by mi cro-entrepreneurs of southwestern Nigeria, on the utilization of product promotion techniques for increasing sales volume. The study employed descriptive survey research design. The sample size for this study comprised 52 micro-entrepreneurs randomly selected among entrepreneurs within the Osogbo metropolis. Structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from respondents. Relevant works of authorities in related fields were reviewed. Data were analyzed using mean rating and standard deviation. One sample test and regression analysis (Structural Equation Modeling) were used to test the hypothese s at 0.05 level of significance. Results show that there is an inverse relationship between the usage of ATSE and application of product promotion by micro-entrepreneurs, also that employment of ATSE by microentrepreneurs is falsely perceived to increases sales volume. The study recommended adequate education and orientation of micro-entrepreneurs to promote adoption and usage of product promotion strategies. Entrepreneurs should be weaned off the culture of relying on spiritual forces for advancement. Government should come up with policies that will reduce the cost of product promotion in order to encourage usage of product promotion and reduce the level of reliance on ATSE.
Effect of Folic Acid and Ascorbic Acid Supplementation on Hematological Parameters of Male Rabbits
Authors: Fayrouz Khaled  , Ramadan Ali  , Munay Asbaaq
Published: February 2025

Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) and folic acid (Vitamin B9) are essential micronutrients involved in hematopoiesis, immune function, and antioxidant defense. Ascorbic acid enhances iron absorption and red blood cell (RBC) production, while folic acid is crucial for DNA synthesis and erythropoiesis. Deficiencies in these vitamins are associated with anemia and impaired immune responses. This study investigates the effects of ascorbic acid, folic acid, and their combination on hematological parameters in male rabbits, focusing on hemoglobin (Hb), RBC count, white blood cell (WBC) count, platelets (PLAT), and hematocrit (HCT). Male rabbits were divided into four experimental groups: control, ascorbic acid, folic acid, and a combination of both. Hematological parameters were assessed after treatment, and statistical significance was evaluated. The findings demonstrated that supplementation with ascorbic acid and folic acid significantly improved Hb and RBC counts compared to the control, suggesting enhanced erythropoiesis. The combination group exhibited the highest RBC count (8.60 ± 0.417 ×10⁶/µl), indicating a potential synergistic effect. The WBC count decreased in the folic acid group but remained stable in the ascorbic acid and combination groups, suggesting an immunomodulatory role. Platelet counts increased significantly in the combination group (489.12 ± 209.7 ×10³/µl), highlighting a possible stimulatory effect on megakaryocyte maturation. HCT levels were highest in the combination group (39.66 ± 1.016 ×10³/µl), indicating improved oxygen-carrying capacity.
Intellectual Capital and Bank Performance in GCC: A Comparison of Islamic and Conventional Banks
Authors: Al Ahmed Alshammy , Aloutaibi Shidiqqu
Published: February 2025

Purpose – Thus the motivation for this research is focused to investigate the econometric outcomes of human, social and organizational capital on the performance of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) conventional and Islamic banks.Design/methodology/approach – Design/methodology/approach The study uses a panel data analysis of Islamic and conventional banks across the GCC region. To assess these elements, the model of Value-Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) was used to measure the intellectual capital and the key indicators, return on assets (ROA) along with return on equity (ROE) have been used for financial performance.Findings – The results show that the impact of intellectual capital on performance is significant for both types of banks but to a different extent. In contrast to conventional banks, human capital and structural capital have a predominant effect on Islamic banks, indicating a greater reliance on knowledge-based resources and ethical banking principles by Islamic banks. In contrast, traditional banks show a more balanced share of each component of intellectual capital. The results further indicate the instrumental importance of intellectual capital for the financial stability and operational efficiency of above mentioned banking models.Originality/value – Comparing intellectual capital management in Islamic and conventional banks in the GCC, this study provides insights for managers, policymakers and investors to improve sustainable strategies..Research Implications – This study highlights the role of intellectual capital investment in improving financial performance in both Islamic and conventional banks. The study recommends policy makers to develop regulations to promote the growth of intellectual capital, especially in Islamic banking. Future research can explore external factors such as economic conditions and technology on this relationship and extend it to other regions.
Cooperación, conocimiento e innovación: políticas y agentes regionales de I+D
Authors:   Universidad del País Vasco, Olazaran Rodríguez Mikel , Lavía Martínez Cristina ,   Universidad del País Vasco, Otero Gutiérrez Beatriz ,   Universidad del País Vasco
Published: February 2025

El punto de partida de este artículo es la importancia del capital social y las redes formales e informales de confianza y cooperación entre los actores que participan en los procesos de generación y aplicación de conocimiento. Se dedica una especial atención al papel de las políticas públicas en la creación, dinamización y coordinación de los agentes de I+D. Desde esta perspectiva se analiza el caso vasco considerando, en primer lugar, la creación de una estructura de I+D (los centros tecnológicos) y, en segundo lugar, la relación entre éstos y el resto de agentes del sistema (universidad y empresa). Se analizan, por un lado, los problemas de consolidación y ajuste de los agentes, y por otro, la coordinación entre los mismos.
Desarrollo regional y emprendizaje cooperativo
Authors:   Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Lizarralde Aiastui Josu , Irizar Etxeberria Iñazio ,   Mondragon Unibertsitatea
Published: February 2025

El concepto de desarrollo local endógeno concede un papel predominante a las empresas, organizaciones, instituciones locales y a la propia sociedad civil en los procesos de crecimiento y cambio estructural. En el desarrollo económico local definido como un proceso de crecimiento y cambio estructural de la economía de una ciudad, comarca o región, se pueden identificar al menos tres dimensiones: una económica, otra sociocultural, y una tercera político-administrativa. Esta conceptualización del desarrollo constituye un modelo alternativo al propuesto por el paradigma de desarrollo exógeno dominante durante los años cincuenta y sesenta, según el cual, el crecimiento se apoya en los procesos de industrialización y la concentración de la actividad productiva, por medio de grandes plantas en un número reducido de grandes centros urbanos, a partir de los cuales los mecanismos de mercado se difunden posteriormente hacia las ciudades y regiones periféricas, favoreciendo así su desarrollo. Los autores de este trabajo mantenemos que el grado de desarrollo económico y social que ha experimentado el valle de Mondragón ha seguido la senda de lo que hemos definido como desarrollo endógeno, y para defender nuestro argumento nos vamos a centrar en los aspectos que anteriormente hemos expuesto como promotores del desarrollo endógeno de un territorio.
¿La política industrial de cluster/redes mejora realmente la competitividad empresarial? Resultados de la evaluación de dos experiencias en la Comunidad Autónoma de Euskadi
Authors:   Universidad de Deusto, Iturrioz Landart Cristina , Aranguren Querejeta Mari Jose ,   Universidad de Deusto, Aragón Amonarriz Cristina ,   Universidad de Deusto, Larrea Aranguren Miren ,   Universidad de Deusto
Published: February 2025

Debido en parte al afán de optimizar el uso de los limitados recursos públicos, el interés en desarrollar y aplicar nuevos métodos de evaluación de las políticas públicas en general y de la industrial en particular no ha dejado de crecer. El interés es aún mayor en el diseño de la novedosa política industrial de clustery de redes donde, en general, apenas existen evaluaciones, a causa principalmente de las dificultades que presentan la definición y la medición del objeto a evaluar y de sus impactos. Aplicaremos nuestro método en dos casos: el primero es una asociación- clusteren el País Vasco, el segundo caso es Ezagutza Gunea, una red para la formación-cualificación y la gestión del conocimiento integrada por diecisiete entidades (empresas, centros formativos y ayuntamientos) y lanzada por los municipios de Azkoitia y Azpeitia.
Las políticas de desarrollo rural en la CAE: Un balance
Authors:   Universidad del País Vasco, Murua Mujika Juan Ramón , Eguía Peña Begoña ,   Universidad del País Vasco, Malagón Zaldua Eduardo ,   Universidad del País Vasco
Published: February 2025

Desde comienzos de la década de los noventa las actuaciones públicas sobre el medio rural, además de las políticas sectoriales orientadas al estímulo de la producción y a la protección de las rentas agrarias, han ido desarrollando gradualmente políticas territoriales cuyo objetivo era promover el desarrollo de las zonas rurales. De esta manera las políticas de desarrollo rural han adquirido una importancia creciente como instrumentos de cohesión territorial, de invertir el proceso de declive social y económico que padecían las zonas rurales y aumentar así el bienestar de las zonas rurales. Más allá de las evaluaciones de los programas aplicados, el artículo desarrolla un análisis y un balance acerca de la filosofía, diseño y aplicación de los programas de desarrollo rural, así como sobre la contribución de las actuaciones realizadas en el sentido de objetivos comparados con los previstos alcanzados.
IDENTIFIKASI POTENSI JENIS TANAMAN AGROFORESTRY POLA DUSUNG DI NEGERI WAKAL, KECAMATAN LEIHITU, KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH, PROVINSI MALUKU
Authors: Upuolat Firhan , Wattimena Cornelia , Talaohu Moda
Published: February 2025

This study aims to explore the potential of agroforestry plants in Dusung, Negeri Wakal. The research methods included field observation, vegetation inventory, and interviews with local farmers, analyzed using the Importance Value Index (IVI) and the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index. The results revealed that high-economic-value plants such as clove (Syzygium aromaticum), nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), durian (Durio zibethinus), and coffee (Coffea arabica) are prioritized by the community due to their significant market value. Vegetation structure analysis identified that clove raja (Syzygium obtusifolium) dominates the sapling and pole stages, while water apple (Syzygium aqueum) and Indonesian bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) are predominant at the tree level. The biodiversity index is categorized as moderate, reflecting a balance between species diversity and the dominance of economically valuable plants. The distribution of plant species is influenced by ecological adaptation, market demand, and community management practices. In conclusion, agroforestry management in Dusung Wakal effectively prioritizes high-economic-value plants that are well-adapted to the environment. However, efforts to preserve biodiversity remain essential to ensure ecosystem sustainability and long-term benefits.
“IDENTIFICAÇÃO DO PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO, TRATAMENTO E DESFECHOS DE PACIENTES GESTANTES COM IDADE GESTACIONAL DE 41 SEMANAS A 41 SEMANAS E 6 DIAS ADMITIDAS EM UM HOSPITAL SECUNDÁRIO DO DISTRITO FEDERAL E AVALIAÇÃO DO PESO E APGAR DOS RECÉM NASCIDOS”.
Authors: Mosquéra Júlia Milhomem , Lemes Renatha Cristina Rodrigues
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The term "post-dating" is used to refer to pregnancies that extend beyond the estimated due date. It can be classified as late term, between 41 weeks and 41 weeks and 6 days of gestation, and post-term after this gestational age. There are risks and complications for both the fetus and the mother during this period, including increased admissions to neonatal intensive care units (NICU), macrosomia, stillbirth, infections, perineal lacerations, and others. The WHO recommends pregnancy termination at 41 weeks, though this may vary in other countries between 41 and 42 weeks. Termination can occur through spontaneous labor, induction, or cesarean delivery.Objective: The objective of this study is to identify risk factors, the epidemiological profile, mode of delivery, and complications of pregnant patients with a gestational age of 41 weeks to 41 weeks and 6 days who were admitted to a secondary public hospital in the Federal District in 2023, as well as the evaluation of the newborn. Method: This is a retrospective cohort study, with data collected from electronic medical records. Results: The study included 229 participants, aged between 14 and 43 years. The main maternal comorbidities identified were smoking (32.6%), gestational hypertension (21.7%), and gestational diabetes (15.2%). Cesarean deliveries predominated (51.1%), with the main indication being acute fetal distress (12.8%). Among the patients who underwent induction (66.4%), misoprostol was used in 94.1%. The most common maternal complication was perineal lacerations. The primary fetal complication observed was the presence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid; however, no statistical significance was found when comparing its presence with low Apgar scores (< 7). Additionally, it was noted that macrosomic fetuses tended to be male (p = 0.003) and were more likely to be delivered by cesarean section (p = 0.001).Conclusion: Fetal vitality monitoring should be performed in late-term pregnancies. Based on the study we conducted, we did not identify a relationship between the presence of meconium and low Apgar scores. There was statistical significance (p = 0.001) between macrosomia and cesarean delivery. We identified a higher prevalence of labor induction using misoprostol, but no statistical significance was observed between the number of tablets used and induction failure.
ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF PROPOLIS EXTRACTS: A CLOSER LOOK AT GLYCOLIC SOLVENT EFFECTS
Authors: Roll Rutilene Jacondino , Delgado-Cañedo Andrés
Published: February 2025

Propolis' primary ingredients are weakly soluble in water, oil, and other medical solvents but highly soluble in ethanol. The production of propolis glycolic extracts was published 20 years ago and some authors suggested that the biological effects of these extracts could resemble those of the ethanolic extract. Despite the fact that this technique is widely used by businesses to produce non-alcoholic extracts, this communication aims to warn that glycolic solutions may have bactericidal effects per se. As a result, the glycolic solutions would be viewed as both a solubilizer and a component that will provide the extract its bactericidal properties.
The United Kingdom's Indo-Pacific Military Strategy and the Five Power Defence Arrangements: A Strategic Analysis
Authors: Li Sailin
Published: February 2025

The Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA) plays a significant role in the United Kingdom’s Indo-Pacific military strategy, primarily by enhancing regional stability and fostering military interoperability. While the FPDA contributes to deterrence, its non-binding nature limits its ability to respond decisively in crises. The arrangement provides a platform for multilateral engagement and allows the UK to maintain influence in Southeast Asia, but its deterrent value is indirect and dependent on political will. The FPDA complements more advanced security frameworks like AUKUS, which focus on high-end deterrence capabilities, but faces limitations due to the UK’s resource constraints and its competing commitments, particularly in Europe. As a result, the FPDA remains an important yet constrained element in the UK’s broader Indo-Pacific strategy.
An Innovation of AI-Aided Ideological and Political Education for College English Course
Authors: Zhang Yan
Published: February 2025

As an important part of higher education, the ideological and political education within the College English course has a far-reaching impact on cultivating students’ comprehensive qualities, enhancing cultural confidence, and promoting their overall development. The innovation of AI-aided ideological and political education follows the principles of value shaping, content integration, and innovation orientation, proposing reforms in learning objectives, learning content, learning methods, and learning evaluations. Integrating AI technology into the ideological and political education of College English course helps students obtain good learning experiences, improve learning effectiveness, and simultaneously enhances the efficacy of ideological and political education.
Aspectos sociais e médicos influentes na depressão pós-parto: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Megiani Isabela Nishimura , Beraldo Beatriz , Paniza Beatriz Januário de Araujo , Duarte Gabriela Vieira , Pereira Marcela Maria Capelin , Martins Marina Pierobon , Silva Maria Montenegro de Souza e , Nakano Isabella Cristine Febraio , Brandão Letícia , Lázaro Camila Aline
Published: February 2025

Introdução: O presente artigo objetivou analisar a questão da depressão pós-parto, um transtorno depressivo comum após o parto, que pode afetar negativamente a relação entre a mãe e o bebê. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa, cujo corpo enfatiza o prejuízo à saúde da mãe e desenvolvimento do bebê; a metodologia empregada foi composta por 27 referências com prazo de 1997 a 2020 por meio de descritores (DeCS), fundamentada em bases de dados, como: Scielo, PubMed, ScienceDirect e Google Acadêmico, com o intuito de atualizar o entendimento sobre o tema e cenário. Resultados: Muitos trabalhos analisados garantem a prevalência de 10 a 20% dessa manifestação puerperal. As principais causas são socioeconômicas e familiares, mas os fatores de risco podem variar dependendo do estudo. Discussão: A falta de compreensão, prevenção e tratamento adequado para a depressão pós-parto pode afetar a saúde física e mental da mãe e o desenvolvimento do bebê. Conclusão: Depreende-se que alterações nas organizações dos sistemas de saúde para gestantes, prevenção da doença no pré-natal e tratamento imediato mediante observação sintomática logo nas primeiras consultas pós-parto precisam ser ressaltadas. Assim, espera-se que esses estudos inspirem os gestores de saúde a realizarem estratégias psicossociais que promovam acolhimento às mulheres.
The Effect of Parental Height on a Child's Final Height in Turkish Society and the Validation of the Midparental Height Formula
Authors: Bugur Ibrahim Sinan , Turan Serap
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study aimed to assess the validity of the traditional midparental height (MPH) formula in predicting a child's final height in the Turkish population and to compare different models for better accuracy.

Materials and Methods: A total of 988 university students (594 females, 394 males) and their parents were included in the study. Height measurements were obtained using a standardized ultrasonographic device. Various models based on MPH were tested, and the correlation between subject height, MPH, and parental heights was analyzed. Statistical analyses, including correlation and general linear models, were performed to determine the best model for predicting height.

Results: The mean height of female students was 164.5 cm, while for males, it was 177.7 cm. On average, actual height exceeded MPH by 3.8 cm in females and 2.69 cm in males. Correlation analysis revealed moderate to strong associations between subject height and MPH (r=0.537 for girls, r=0.487 for boys). The best predictive model was found to be Model 4, which incorporated coefficients for maternal and paternal height, with distinct formulas for males and females.

Conclusion: The traditional MPH formula demonstrated a significant prediction error in the Turkish population. Our study suggests that maternal and paternal heights influence final height differently based on gender and other factors. The model developed in this study offers better predictive accuracy but requires further validation in larger, diverse populations to confirm its global applicability.
A Narrative Review of the Diabetes Burden in Somalia
Authors: Bashir Ahmed Muhammad , Hersi Hassan Omar
Published: February 2025

Somalia faces a growing yet underresearched burden of diabetes, compounded by conflict and humanitarian challenges. This narrative review explores the current understanding of this public health concern. Limited access to medications, disruptions in healthcare, and a lack of culturally sensitive education programs pose significant barriers to effective diabetes management. However, examples of successful community-based interventions and collaborations between healthcare facilities and international organisations offer hope. Further research on Somali-specific epidemiology and risk factors, alongside investment in resource allocation, healthcare worker training, and culturally sensitive education, hold immense potential to improve diabetes outcomes in Somalia. By addressing these critical areas, Somalia can empower individuals with diabetes to manage their condition effectively and work towards a healthier future.
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Adult Chronic Hemodialysis Patients-Prevalence and Clinical Aspect
Authors: Bashir Ahmed Muhammad , Alici Gokhan , Wabari Mohamud Mire , Adani Abdulkamil Abdullahi , Ahmed Hussein Mahdi
Published: February 2025

Background: Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Aim: The exact prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic hemodialysis patients in Somalia is unknown. In this study, we aim to determine the prevalence of SHPT in chronic hemodialysis patients in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Method: This retrospective analysis was done at Mogadishu Somali Turkey training and research hospital, Somalia's largest dialysis center. All >18-year-old hemodialysis patients from the last year were included. The research excluded parathyroidectomy and steroid, phenytoin, and phenobarbitone individuals. This analysis covered 195 patients. Calcium, phosphate, albumin, vitamin D, urea, creatinine, and other electrolytes were also tested.

Results: Our study included 195 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 56.0±17.4 with 49.2% men and 50.88% females. End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) was caused by hypertension in 64.1% of patients and diabetes in 30.8%. The mean hemodialysis time was 7.8±1.3 hours per week and for duration 39.6±15 months. The mean iPTH concentration was

mg/dL, and calcium phosphate product was 36.60±19.78 mg/dL. The mean vitamin D concentration was 33.53±19.70. we found that the prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism is 65.6%.

Conclusion: We conclude that there is high prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic hemodialysis patients in Somalia and that measures that predict vitamin D response, including sestamibi parathyroid scan and gland volume, should be studied further to prevent this 458.59 ± 636.96 pg/mL, phosphate was 4.24 ± 2.15 mg/dL, corrected calcium was 8.70 ± 0.97 high prevalence.
Kur’an’da Rab ve İlâh
Authors: Erdoğan Şamlıoğlu Esra
Published: February 2025

Rabb and Ilāh in the Qur’anrnOur work is based on the two concepts in the Qur’an: rabb and ilāh. These two words are the most common ones, in the Qur’an for God after the usage of the special name Allah. The main subject of this work is to identify the semantics of these two words, to understand the context and the background of the revealed verses and to determine the audiences of that time.rnThis work is composed of two chapters: the first chapter deals with the concept rabb. And the second chapter examines the word ilāh. We stated in this thesis that the word rabb has four different meanings while the word ilāh has only one meaning in the Qur’an.rnAt the end of our study we determined that the concept rabb is used only for Allah and even before Islam there is no usage of rabb for any other pagan god. But the concept ilāh has a wide meaning and usage that contains Allah and the others. We aim to contribute in understanding these two words studying the relevant verses in their historical contexts basing on the occasions of revelations and sīra.rnKey words: the Qur’an, Tafsīr, Rabb, Ilāh, Historical Context, Qur’anic Semantics
Di̇nler Tari̇hi̇ni̇n Eleşti̇rel Bağlami Jeneoloji, Yapıbozum ve Post-kolonyal Eleştiri
Authors: Kuşçu Emir
Published: February 2025

The Critical Context of The History of Religions Genealogy, Deconstruction and Post-Colonial CriticismrnReligious studies in general and the history of religions in particular are scientific disciplines that constructed in a period when two-thirds of the world was colonized. As the sociology of knowledge and the archaeology of knowledge tell us, since the history of religions, like every other branch of knowledge, emerged to meet the needs of the environment in which it was born, the understanding of religion, the classifications of religion, the definitions of religion, the concepts used to express them, the religions and subjects chosen for research have carried the influence of this environment. Although there has been no lack of efforts to move away from this influence over time and to be more objective, the history of religions itself has not been problematized/ criticized. Although such studies slowly began to emerge from the 1964s onwards, especially with the emergence of Said’s Orientalism, which was influenced by Foucault’s genealogical method, and the new fields of research it led to (post-colonial, subaltern and feminist studies), as well as the environment created by post-modernism and deconstruction, the study of the history of religions, among other fields of study, began to be objectified. These so-called critical approaches are an area in which very few people in the academia of the history of religions in Turkey have put pen to paper, albeit not in this scope and depth. This study aims to demonstrate the limits of critical religious studies by showing how these approaches are applied to the history of religions. More precisely, it shows how genealogy, deconstruction and post-colonial criticism problematize the history of religions, the concepts and methods used by the history of religions by relating it to the context in which it emerged, as well as the history of religions studies produced in this context, while at the same time showing that while they make it possible for us to understand some things, they sometimes lead to irreparable consequences; thus, it also tries to reveal how authentic these approaches are in their perspectives and criticisms.rnKeywords: Genealogy; Deconstruction; Post-colonial; Critical Theory; Religious Studies; Colonialism; Definitions of Religion; Classifications of Religions; Comparison; Feminism
The Role of Epigenetic Modifications in Cancer Development and Progression: Potential Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Imtiaz Ali Soomro  , Quratulain Badar  , Wajid Ali  , Adil khan  , Syed Rizvan Ali  , Waqas Mahmood
Published: February 2025

This research sought to explore the role of epigenetic changes in cancer initiation and progression, the therapeutic potential of epigenetic modulators, i.e., DNMT inhibitors and HDAC inhibitors, and the expression levels of non-coding RNAs, i.e., miRNAs, in controlling epigenetic changes in cancer cells. The research used a quantitative method, i.e., structured questionnaires and regression analysis to determine the role of epigenetic changes in cancer biology. The research validated that 65% of the respondents were familiar with DNA methylation, 60% with histone modification, and 55% with gene-editing technologies like CRISPR. The Chi-Square analysis validated the presence of significant disparity in awareness among demographic groups, with p-values of 0.02 and 0.05 for awareness of DNA methylation by age and awareness of histone modification by medical specialty, respectively. Regression analysis validated that DNMT inhibitors significantly caused cancer cell apoptosis (β = 0.55, p = 0.0002) and suppressed cancer cell migration (β = -0.30, p = 0.02), while HDAC inhibitors also caused apoptosis (β = 0.47, p = 0.005) and promoted migration inhibition (β = -0.25, p = 0.03). The Chi-Square test of expression of miRNAs further validated significant correlations between miR-21 expression and cancer type (χ² = 10.4, p = 0.02) and between miR-34a expression and DNA methylation (χ² = 12.1, p = 0.01). These results suggest the potential of epigenetic therapies and miRNA-based therapies in controlling cancer cell behavior and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. This study highlights epigenetic modifications in cancer, the potential of DNMT and HDAC inhibitors, and miRNAs, urging further research on optimization.
Effects of Socioeconomic Factors and Smoking on Liver Fibrosis; A Case Study of Patients of Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Areha Arif  , Arham Arif  , Laiba Noor  , Nazia Iram  , Malka Saba Bashir  , Zaigham Ishrat  , Ainam Fatima  , Sabika Khan  , Atif Abbasi
Published: February 2025

A serious health risk is liver fibrosis, which can manifest in different degrees of severity in people with a persistent Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This study is critical because it looks at how poverty, smoking, and environmental variables affect how people with HCV manage their liver illness. The study intends to evaluate the influence of various environmental and socioeconomic factors on the course of the disease by examining the natural history of liver fibrosis. A standardized questionnaire was created to collect information from 100 patients with Hepatitis C-related liver fibrosis. The results showed a strong correlation between the onset of liver fibrosis and extended periods of poverty. Furthermore, significant associations were found between advanced stages of liver fibrosis and environmental variables such as air pollution and occupational risks. The complicated and multifaceted character of liver fibrosis development in HCV patients is highlighted by this study, underscoring the necessity of individualized therapy regimens that include various contributing variables. The findings thoroughly comprehend how environmental factors and socioeconomic status impact the treatment of liver disease. In order to better understand the underlying processes of liver fibrosis in this group, future research paths should integrate contemporary molecular and imaging tools. These methods might eventually direct public health campaigns to enhance patient outcomes and illness management, guaranteeing improved treatment plans for individuals impacted.
Effects of Intrathecal Midazolam (1mg) with Hyperbaric Bupivacaine 0.5% (15mg) for Spinal Anesthesia for Caesarean Section
Authors: Sharafat Khan  , Tahira Batool  , Muhammad Arsalan Khan  , Asma Irshad  , Khalid Mehmood  , Shahid Ullah  , Shafi Ullah
Published: February 2025

Background: Intrathecal adjuvants are commonly used to enhance the efficacy of spinal anesthesia, particularly in cesarean sections. Midazolam, a benzodiazepine, has been studied for its potential analgesic and sedative effects when combined with local anesthetics. This study aims to evaluate the effects of intrathecal midazolam (1 mg) in combination with hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% (15 mg) for spinal anesthesia in cesarean section patients, assessing its impact on the duration of anesthesia, postoperative analgesia, hemodynamic stability, and adverse effects. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Qazi Hussain Ahmad Medical Complex, Nowshera, following approval from the institutional ethics committee. A total of 60 patients scheduled for elective cesarean section were included, with the sample size calculated using the WHO sample size calculator. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The study period spanned from June 2024 to December 2024. Key parameters assessed included the onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade, postoperative pain relief, hemodynamic changes, and the incidence of complications such as nausea, vomiting, hypotension, and sedation. Results: The two study group total number of participants 60 each group of 30, variables included age, weight, height and ASA physical status. The sensory block were study with Holleman’s scale, group BM sensory block onset time is (93%) more than group B that is (90%). Motor block were study by Bromage’s scale and greater in group BM (100%) and less in group B(90%). Midazolam had profound antiemetic effects, as nausea and vomiting were not observed in the group BM and observed in 33% of patients in the group B. The post-operative analgesia time was evaluated by the time of first rescue analgesia requirement. The duration of post-operative analgesia was longer in the group BM (mean=67.93) compared to the group B (mean=28.34). Conclusion: Addition of midazolam with bupivacaine for intrathecal block enhanced the efficacy and effectiveness of sensory block and prolonged the post operative analgesia time. Post-operative complications were study in both groups. Intra-op and post-op nausea and vomiting in group BM (3.3%) and (13.3%) in group.
CO-INFECTION RATE OF MALARIA AND TYPHOID IN NORTHERN AND CENTRAL REGIONS OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
Authors: Ullah Wasia , Nasir Abdul , Izaz Muhammad , Khan Muhsin , Rabia Rabia , Ullah Ihsan
Published: February 2025

Background: Malaria and typhoid fever are significant infectious diseases in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in areas with poor sanitation and widespread vector breeding grounds. Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the Plasmodium genus, while typhoid fever is a bacterial infection resulting from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Despite their distinct etiologies, co-infection with both pathogens is frequently reported in malaria-endemic regions, complicating diagnosis and treatment. Reliable diagnostic tools are crucial to distinguish these infections, as overlapping symptoms often lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria, typhoid fever, and their co-infection in the Swat, Dir Lower, and Mardan districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, while evaluating diagnostic challenges and public health implications.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2018 to April 2019 in hospitals across the selected districts. A total of 400 febrile patients, aged 1 to 40 years, were randomly recruited. Blood samples were collected and tested using the malaria parasite (MP) test for Plasmodium species and the Widal agglutination test for Salmonella Typhi detection. Data were analyzed using SPSS, and chi-square tests were applied to assess statistical significance between demographic variables and infection rates.
Results: Malaria was detected in 168 patients (42.00%), while 126 (31.50%) tested positive for typhoid fever. Co-infection with both pathogens was found in 34 patients (8.50%). The highest prevalence of malaria was recorded in Mardan (44.11%), followed by Swat (41.79%) and Dir Lower (38.80%). Typhoid fever was most prevalent in Mardan (33.82%), with slightly lower rates in Swat (31.34%) and Dir Lower (28.35%). Co-infection rates were highest in Swat (9.70%), followed by Mardan (8.20%) and Dir Lower (7.50%). The incidence was higher in children (12.00% in ages 1–10) and females (9.50%) compared to males (7.50%). Seasonal variation showed co-infection peaking in November (10.28%) and April (10.44%), with the lowest rates in January and February (5.97%). Statistical analysis showed no significant gender (p = 0.5907) or age-group (p = 0.4402) differences in co-infection prevalence.
Conclusion: The findings indicate a substantial burden of malaria and typhoid fever in the study regions, with notable co-infection rates and diagnostic challenges. The high rate of false positives in Widal testing suggests the need for more reliable diagnostic tools, such as molecular and blood culture techniques, to improve disease identification and management. Public health interventions focusing on improved sanitation, vaccination, and enhanced diagnostic accuracy are essential to reduce the disease burden in endemic areas.
Women’s voices in contemporary Arabic poetry: A stylistic and thematic study
Authors: Firdous Shaista , Kosar Rizwana , Saeed Iqbal Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Contemporary Arabic poetry has undergone significant changes, with women’s voices emerging as powerful agents of transformation in the literary landscape. This study explores the stylistic and thematic dimensions of modern Arabic poetry written by women, emphasizing how their poetic expressions challenge traditional literary norms and gendered narratives. Through a qualitative analysis of selected poets, including Nazik Al-Malaika, Fadwa Tuqan, Joumana Haddad, and Salma Khadra Jayyusi, the research examines how diction, syntax, and figurative language shape their works. The study also explores recurring themes such as identity, feminism, politics, social justice, love, and loss, showing how female poets use poetry as a platform for resistance, self-expression, and empowerment. Findings suggest that contemporary women poets employ fragmented syntax, symbolic imagery, and subversive language to express their struggles and aspirations. Unlike their male counterparts, who often focus on nationalism, heroism, and historical narratives, women poets adopt a more introspective approach, emphasizing individual experiences within broader socio-political contexts. This comparative analysis underscores the role of women poets in reshaping Arabic literary traditions and advancing discourse on gender, identity, and poetic innovation. The study highlights the critical importance of women’s voices in modern Arabic poetry and calls for further exploration of underrepresented women’s poets and evolving literary trends.
Andrés Manuel López Obrador y su liderazgo: un acercamiento interpretativo desde la perspectiva weberiana
Authors: Ramos López Manuel Alejandro
Published: February 2025

The figure of legitimate authority is the basis of Weberian domination and in the Andrés Manuel López Obrador’s leadership one can find signs of speeches inherited from previous generations, the figure of the leader and the legal political conformation in his bureaucratic positions, although, equally way, with instruments of exchange.
The methodology of Weberian ideal types, based on interpretation and explanation, analyzing his political career, reaffirms the historical interpretive method, bears fruit by constructing a typology that defines the Mexican politician as a leader who is based on the charismatic, affective and utilitarian, although legally legitimized from the rational.
New Records of Beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) for the Fauna of Greece
Authors: Wojas Tadeusz Wojas
Published: February 2025

A list of 11 species of beetles of eight families is presented along with a discussion of their general distribution. The fist record for Greece are those for Laccobius minutus, Sphaeridium lunatum (Hydrophilidae), Nicrophorus investigator (Silphidae), Quedius dubius, Quedius fumatus (Staphylinidae), Pediacus dermestoides (Cucujidae), Cryptolestes duplicatus (Laemophloeidae), Sphaerosoma globosum (Alexiidae) and Bruchidius siliquastri (Chrysomelidae). For two other species, Lilioceris lilii (Chrysomelidae) and Cleopomiarus distinctus (Curculionidae), which have been rarely recorded in this country, new localities are reported. All new records were from the Thessaly Region. For the majority of species, the newly reported places of occurrence were situated on the southern edge of their geographical ranges of the species.
Home Range, Dispersal and Activity of Wolves Canis lupus L., 1758 (Mammalia: Canidae) in South-Western Bulgaria
Authors: Tsingarska Elena , Peshev Hristo , Dimitrov Krastio , Spasova Venislava , Simeonovska–Nikolova Daniela
Published: February 2025

Home range size, dispersal and activity of wolves were studied for the first time in Bulgaria using radio-telemetry. In 2005–2009, three wolves (two males and one female), were equipped with VHF collars and radio-tracked in the south-western part of the country, in the Pirin and Maleshevska Mts. The first male (WM1), estimated as 8–9 years old, was tracked for 1.5 months, covering a small area of 10.3 km2 (100% MCP). Home ranges of a female (WF1, 1 y old) and a second male (WM2, 1.5 y old), when resident in their natal packs, were 93.1 km2 and 139.7 km2, respectively, (100% MCP) (mean = 116.4 km2). The core areas (50% KDE) were 35 and 59.9 km2 (mean = 47.5 km2). Both WF1 and WM2 dispersed from their natal packs (mean dispersal distance of 33.1 km) but were killed by humans before settling and reproducing. During dispersal, WF1 was never recorded crossing main roads or other urbanised areas. In contrast, WM2 crossed the non-fenced international road E79 and the railway through the Kresna Gorge, at least 11 times. WF1 and WM2 were active in 45.1% and 44.9% (mean = 45%) of the time recorded, with pronounced crepuscular patterns. The results of the present work are a contribution to the study of the wolf population spatial ecology in Bulgaria and can serve for the better management of the species and its long-term conservation.
Show me your true form! Traduire la salle de classe dans les jeux vidéos
Authors: Dumoulin Pierre Gabriel
Published: February 2025

Lieu hautement symbolique, la salle de classe est un endroit institutionnalisé dans lequel des savoirs se développent et s’acquièrent. La transmission du savoir est une pratique universelle, qui ne prend pas systématiquement la même forme pour autant. Cet article propose une analyse de la traduction et de la localisation des séquences d’enseignement qui se déroulent à différents intervalles dans un jeu vidéo narratif qui n’a pas de visée éducative. À partir d’une analyse mixte sur les localisations du jeu de rôle japonais Persona 5 Royal (P-Studio, 2019), j’ouvre la discussion sur les enjeux sémioéthiques derrière la localisation des réseaux sémiotiques spécifiques à une culture ou à une langue donnée et sur les effets que peuvent engendrer des écarts quant à la réception et l’interprétation globale de l’oeuvre. J’aborde successivement les enjeux sémiotiques et éthiques en traduction, les spécificités ludonarratives de Persona 5 Royal et la méthodologie d’analyse avant de discuter des résultats obtenus.
Intégrer le jeu vidéo en tant qu’objet d’apprentissage dans l’enseignement de la littérature au secondaire : quels avantages ? Quels défis ?
Authors: Goducheau-Damais Chloé , Lemieux Amélie , Ehret Christian
Published: February 2025

Les pratiques didactiques dans les classes de français au secondaire ont évolué avec l’avènement du numérique, surtout au cours des dix dernières années. Par conséquent, il devient nécessaire de s’intéresser aux manières de diversifier l’enseignement, entre autres de la littérature, afin d’intégrer la dimension numérique dans les apprentissages scolaires. Parallèlement, la recherche sur le jeu vidéo démontre, entre autres, son potentiel engageant, élément central dans l’apprentissage des élèves. C’est pourquoi nous nous questionnons sur l’apport du jeu vidéo en classe et les manières de le didactiser afin de valoriser cette pratique privée en contexte éducatif. Cette recension des écrits met en lumière les avantages de transposer le jeu vidéo en contexte scolaire, tout en cernant les limites de son utilisation. En outre, nous soulignons que les codes du jeu vidéo rendent possible l’immersion fictionnelle, qui elle-même favorise l’engagement.
Antioxidant potential of melanin pigment from marine sponge-associated actinomycete Micromonospora sp.
Authors: Aqlinia Maulida , Astuti Rika Indri , Prastya Muhammad Eka , Wahyudi Aris Tri
Published: February 2025

Melanin pigment is a dark-colored natural biopolymer produced by microbes, such as actinomycetes. Melanin has various potential bioactivities, including antioxidant activity. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant and photoprotective properties of melanin extracted from the marine sponge-associated actinomycete Micromonospora fulva HV6. Antioxidant properties were measured by spectrometric techniques using 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) methods, and photoprotective properties were evaluated by measuring the sun protection factor (SPF). The IC50 values exhibited potent antioxidant activity of melanin in reducing DPPH and ABTS in vitro at concentrations of 31.55 ± 0.60 μg/ml and 63.07 ± 3.29 μg/ml, respectively. At the cellular level, 240 μg/ml melanin improved the viability of Schizosaccharomyces pombe under severe H2O2-induced stress better than L-ascorbic acid did, indicating its potential to prolong the longevity of yeast cells. Melanin also increased mitochondrial activity and induced oxidative stress tolerance, likely through mitochondrial adaptive reactive oxygen species signaling, similar to the response induced by calorie restriction. Melanin exhibited photoprotective properties with an SPF value of 20.78. In summary, the melanin pigment extracted from M. fulva HV6 showed potential as a natural antioxidant from a rare actinomycete group for medical and pharmacological applications.
Harnessing the potential of TiO2 nanoparticles from marine macroalgae Ulva lactuca for antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties
Authors: Mariyam Mohamed Sitheeq Afra , RR Subburayan , Dhanraj Ganapathy
Published: February 2025

The present investigation explores the green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs) using an aqueous extract of Ulva lactuca, a medicinally important marine macroalgae. Characterization of UL-TiO2NPs showed an intense peak at 371 nm. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of functional groups such as hydroxyls, carbonyls, methylene, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, amines, and ethers. X-ray diffraction confirmed the crystalline nature of the biosynthesized UL-TiO2NPs with sizes in the range of 20 and 50 nm. Scanning electron microscope analysis emphasized the morphology of TiO2NPs to be spherical-shaped with minimal clustering. Antibacterial activity indicated profound inhibitory zones against clinical isolates (12–19 mm) rather than against microbial type culture collection bacterial pathogens (9–14 mm). The anti-inflammatory activity of the UL-TiO2NPs was affirmed by a remarkable reduction (22%–78%) of protein denaturation. Anticancer activity of UL-TiO2NPs against oral oral carcinoma cell line carcinoma cells showed a notable reduction in viability of cells (94.31%–17.4%) with respect to an increase in concentrations and recorded an IC50 value of 28.74 μg/ml. Thus, the distinct properties of biologically synthesized titanium dioxide NPs imply that they could be efficiently utilized as a nano-antibiotic coating on the surface of healthcare devices and as a drug carrier in anticancer studies.