bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spraying dsRNA with chitosan formulation improves control of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, in a greenhouse
Authors: Khan Falguni , Jin Gahyeon , Kim Yonggyun
Published: August 2024

The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, is a serious pest causing both direct feeding damage and indirect harm by transmitting the tomato spotted wilt virus. A spraying double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeted at the vacuolar‐type ATPase (vATPase) gene was developed and demonstrated high insecticidal activity in the laboratory but less effective in field applications. To improve control efficacy under field conditions, three strategies were explored in this study. First, to identify a more efficient RNA interference (RNAi) target, dsRNA specific to the Snf7 gene was tested alongside dsRNA targeting vATPase, and both were found to be similarly effective in controlling the thrips. Second, to elucidate the factors contributing to dsRNA resistance, dsRNA‐degrading enzymes were annotated and their physiological roles in diminishing RNAi efficacy were investigated. Third, to suppress the dsRNA degradation from the dsRNase activities and protect it in field conditions, the dsRNA was encapsulated with chitosan. This formulation enhanced the dsRNA's resistance to environmental stressors such as ultraviolet light and the digestive enzymes in the thrips' gut. Additionally, the chitosan formulation specifically increased the RNAi efficacy, likely by facilitating more efficient entry into the target cells, thus bolstering the insecticidal activity of the dsRNA. The formulated dsRNA was applied on F. occidentalis infesting the hot peppers in a greenhouse at a concentration of 500 ppm, demonstrating an 82.4% control efficacy compared with 59.2% control efficacy observed with the application of naked dsRNA. This study further demonstrated an enhancement in the spectrum of control by combining dsRNAs specific to three distinct thrips species, while the mixture showed no adverse effects on non‐target insects, such as the lepidopteran Spodoptera exigua. Collectively, these findings reveal that the chitosan formulation of dsRNA not only improves control efficacy under field conditions but also broadens the control spectrum against three different thrips pests.
Predictive accuracy of the ASIG algorithm in a prospective systemic sclerosis cohort undergoing annual screening for pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Brown Zoe , Morrisroe Kathleen , Hansen Dylan , Stevens Wendy , Proudman Susanna , Teng Gim G. , Low Andrea , Nikpour Mandana
Published: August 2024

The Australian Scleroderma Interest Group (ASIG) algorithm for screening pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) requires only respiratory function tests and serum N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide as first‐tier tests, and is recommended in international guidelines. In this communication, we present the findings of the application of the ASIG screening algorithm to a Singaporean cohort undergoing prospective annual screening for PAH, which shows a high negative predictive value. The ASIG algorithm may offer an alternative to more complex and costly SSc‐PAH screening algorithms.
The role and therapeutic strategies for tissue‐resident memory T cells, central memory T cells, and effector memory T cells in psoriasis
Authors: Deng Guoshu , Zhang Yulin , Song Jiankun , Zhang Ying , Zheng Qi , Luo Yue , Fei Xiaoya , Yang Yang , Kuai Le , Li Bin , Luo Ying
Published: August 2024

Psoriasis is a skin disease that is inflammatory and persistent, causing a high rate of recurrence, poor quality of life, and significant socioeconomic burden. Its main pathological manifestations are abnormal activation and infiltration of T cells and excessive proliferation of keratinocytes (KCs). The great majority of patients with psoriasis will relapse after remission. It usually lasts a lifetime and necessitates long‐term treatment strategies. During periods of activity and remission, one of the main cell types in psoriasis is memory T cells, which include tissue‐resident memory T (TRM) cells, central memory T (TCM) cells, and effector memory T (TEM) cells. They work by releasing inflammatory factors, cytotoxic particles, or altering cell subpopulations, leading to increased inflammation or recurrence. This review summarizes the role of memory T cells in the pathology and treatment of psoriasis, with a view to potential novel therapies and therapeutic targets.
The Effect of Mindfulness‐Based Empowerment Program on Self‐Compassion, Self‐Esteem and Ways of Coping With Stress of Women Experienced Violence: A Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Emirza Elif Güzide , Bilgili Naile
Published: August 2024

The aim of this experimental research is to assess the impact of a mindfulness‐based empowerment program applied to women who have experienced violence on their levels of self‐compassion, self‐esteem and coping with stress. The study was a randomised controlled trial with a control group. Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (EG, n1 = 27) and the control group (CG, n2 = 26) from women who had experienced violence. Descriptive statistical methods and t‐tests for dependent and independent groups were employed in data analysis. After the mindfulness‐based empowerment program, the intervention group exhibited a statistically significant high effect size in post‐intervention measurements compared to the control group for the Self‐Compassion Scale, Coopersmith Self‐Esteem Inventory and Coping Styles Scale total and subscale mean scores (p < 0.001). The mindfulness‐based empowerment program has been found to enhance self‐compassion, self‐esteem and coping levels in women who have experienced violence. Therefore, it is recommended to promote the widespread adoption of mindfulness‐based interventions for individuals who have undergone trauma, such as violence, to facilitate their re‐empowerment and functional recovery.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05310656
Alternative Approaches for Estimating Highest‐Density Regions
Authors: Deliu Nina , Liseo Brunero
Published: August 2024

Among the variety of statistical intervals, highest‐density regions (HDRs) stand out for their ability to effectively summarise a distribution or sample, unveiling its distinctive and salient features. An HDR represents the minimum size set that satisfies a certain probability coverage, and current methods for their computation require knowledge or estimation of the underlying probability distribution or density . In this work, we illustrate a broader framework for computing HDRs, which generalises the classical density quantile method. The framework is based on neighbourhood measures, that is, measures that preserve the order induced in the sample by , and include the density as a special case. We explore a number of suitable distance‐based measures, such as the ‐nearest neighbourhood distance, and some probabilistic variants based on copula models. An extensive comparison is provided, showing the advantages of the copula‐based strategy, especially in those scenarios that exhibit complex structures (e.g. multimodalities or particular dependencies). Finally, we discuss the practical implications of our findings for estimating HDRs in real‐world applications.
The effect of instructor's voice enthusiasm and visual cueing in multimedia learning
Authors: Han Lei , Guo Haoyue , Ma Zongshuo , Wang Ruihua , Xiao Mengshi
Published: August 2024

Background

Given the current technological advancements and the growing need for remote education, multimedia learning has become more popular among teachers and students. Therefore, the creation of multimedia teaching programmes that can improve learning outcomes has become increasingly important. However, there is a lack of research on whether incorporating visual cues into instructors' emotional designs is more effective than using only one approach.

Objectives

Based on the cognitive‐affective theory of learning with media and the cognitive affective model of e‐learning, this study aimed to explore how instructor's voice enthusiasm and visual cueing affect students' multimedia learning experience and learning outcomes.

Methods

A 2 (instructor's voice enthusiasm: high vs. low) × 2 (visual cueing: visual cues vs. no cues) between‐subjects design was used, college students unfamiliar with immunomodulation learned about this subject in a video lesson. Then, they then took a retention test and completed the learning experience scales.

Results and Conclusions

The results indicated that both the instructor's vocal enthusiasm and visual cueing independently have a positive impact on learners' retention test scores. However, if present simultaneously, their positive effects are not cumulative. Specifically, when visual cueing was provided, the instructor's voice enthusiasm did not significantly affect the retention test. Without visual cueing, the instructor's high voice enthusiasm positively impacts the retention test. In addition, the learning experience mediated between the instructor's voice enthusiasm and retention test. These findings offer insights into enhancing the efficacy of multimedia learning by foregrounding instructors' emotional engagement and refining the design of instructional content cues.
Exploring gesture frequencies and images in multimedia environments with pedagogical agents
Authors: Davis Robert O. , Lee Yong‐Jik , Vincent Joseph , Wan Lili
Published: August 2024

Background

Gestures are an integral component in human‐to‐human communication when the speaker is visually present to the listener. In the past several years, research has examined how computer‐generated pedagogical agents can be designed to perform the four main gesture types and what this means for agent persona and learning outcomes. The research into agent gesturing has only explored gestures without other presentation strategies such as visual aids or verbal redundancy to properly explore the impact of gestures, and to avoid overly “rich” displays of information.

Objective

The objective of this study is to explore the use of static images and varying frequencies of gestures to assess whether two visual inputs increases the risk of the split‐attention effect, and to investigate the potential for visual redundancy when two visual inputs coincide with narration. Data on cognitive load, agent persona, and learning outcomes (recall and transfer) will be collected to measure participants' learning experience while acquiring procedural knowledge, specifically regarding the principles of lightning, in comparison to previous research.

Method

A mixed methods approach consisted of three gesture frequency conditions (enhanced, average, no) with 118 participants. Quantitative data were analysed using a random‐effect linear regression model; whereas qualitative data was collected through individual interviews that lasted 15–20 min.

Results and Conclusions

The use of enhanced gesture frequency and images may significantly increase intrinsic cognitive load, but gestures and images do not cause extraneous cognitive load. The enhanced gesture condition significantly outperformed the no‐gesture condition. Interviews indicated that depending upon the gesture condition, students selectively attended to information that they perceived as offering them the greatest learning opportunity. Using two visual inputs does not cause split‐attention, nor does it provide evidence of a visual redundancy effect.
In silico analysis of potential inhibitors for breast cancer targeting 17beta‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17beta‐HSD1) catalyses
Authors: Islam Md. Rezaul , Tayyeb Jehad Zuhair , Paul Hridoy Kumar , Islam Mirza Nafeul , Oduselu Gbolahan Oladipupo , Bayıl Imren , Abdellattif Magda H. , Al‐Ahmary Khairia Mohammed , Al‐Mhyawi Saedah R. , Zaki Magdi E. A.
Published: August 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is still one of the major issues in world health, especially for women, which necessitates innovative therapeutic strategies. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of retinoic acid derivatives as inhibitors of 17beta‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17beta‐HSD1), which plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis and metabolism of oestrogen and thereby influences the progression of BC and, the main objective of this investigation is to identify the possible drug candidate against BC through computational drug design approach including PASS prediction, molecular docking, ADMET profiling, molecular dynamics simulations (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The result has reported that total eight derivatives with high binding affinity and promising pharmacokinetic properties among 115 derivatives. In particular, ligands 04 and 07 exhibited a higher binding affinity with values of −9.9 kcal/mol and −9.1 kcal/mol, respectively, than the standard drug epirubicin hydrochloride, which had a binding affinity of −8.2 kcal/mol. The stability of the ligand‐protein complexes was further confirmed by MD simulations over a 100‐ns trajectory, which included assessments of hydrogen bonds, root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square Fluctuation (RMSF), dynamic cross‐correlation matric (DCCM) and principal component analysis. The study emphasizes the need for experimental validation to confirm the therapeutic utility of these compounds. This study enhances the computational search for new BC drugs and establishes a solid foundation for subsequent experimental and clinical research.
Application of hyperspectral imaging and chemometrics for determining quality and maturity of loquats
Authors: Meng Qinglong , Feng Shunan , Tan Tao , Wen Qingchun , Shang Jing
Published: August 2024

Color, firmness, soluble solid content, and pH are important indices for assessing the quality and maturity of loquats. To explore the feasibility of rapid and non‐destructive determination of loquat quality and maturity, this study utilized hyperspectral imaging combined with chemometrics to predict four quality indices of loquats and discriminate their maturity. Partial least squares regression models were developed using both raw and pre‐processed spectral data to determine the optimal pre‐processing method of multiple scattering correction and standard normal variate (SNV). The competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and successive projection algorithms were used to extract spectral features. Feature wavelength models were subsequently developed using multiple linear regression (MLR) and error back propagation neural network. Finally, maturity determination models for loquats were developed by partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS‐DA), support vector machine, and random forest. The SNV‐CARS‐MLR model performed relatively better than the other models for predicting four quality indices. The PLS‐DA model exhibited superior performance, with discrimination accuracies of 99.19% and 96.67% for the calibration and prediction sets. This study demonstrates that integrating hyperspectral imaging and chemometrics enables rapid and non‐destructive determination of loquat quality and maturity.
Perspectives on the COVID‐19 pandemic and life‐space mobility in older adults
Authors: Cenko Erta , Manini Todd M. , Smail Emily J.
Published: August 2024

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic significantly affected the physical health of older adults around the world, causing day‐to‐day disruptions in routines and changes to usual patterns of mobility. Despite the passing of 2 years since vaccinations, older adults continue to experience detriments, including social isolation and reduced mobility. This study aims to understand how views of the COVID‐19 pandemic are associated with life‐space mobility—moving about the community. We hypothesize that endorsing stronger perspectives about the persistence of COVID‐19 is correlated with reduced life‐space mobility.

Methods

Survey data were collected via online questionnaire in October and November of 2022. Linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between five perspectives on the COVID‐19 pandemic (e.g., agreeing that “I wish people would take COVID‐19 more seriously”) and life‐space mobility, measured using a modified version of the life space assessment, in older adults (n = 510). Analyses were adjusted for demographic factors and mental and physical health indicators, including depressive symptoms and number of chronic conditions.

Results

In fully adjusted models, the study found that endorsing a stronger lingering impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic across any of the five perspectives was associated with significantly lower life‐space mobility.

Conclusions

The results of this study show that endorsing a stronger lingering impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic is associated with reduced life‐space mobility, which underscores the importance of designing public health strategies that carefully balance the safety concerns of older adults with opportunities for physical activity and social interaction.
Oral Chinese herbal medicine combined with donepezil for mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Lingling , Zhang Claire Shuiqing , Zhang Anthony Lin , Cai Yefeng , Xue Charlie Changli
Published: August 2024

Background

This study aims to evaluate the add‐on effects of oral Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), when used in addition to donepezil compared to donepezil alone.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials comparing these treatments across all types of MCI were identified from nine databases and three registers until August 2023. Outcome measures were Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and adverse events (AEs). Methodological quality was assessed using Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool, and evidence certainty was evaluated using the GRADE method.

Results

Involving 1611 participants across 20 studies, meta‐analysis results indicate that oral CHM combined with donepezil significantly improved cognitive function in MCI patients compared to donepezil alone, as evidenced by MMSE (1.88 [1.52, 2.24], I2 = 41%, 12 studies, 993 participants) and MoCA (MD: 2.01 [1.57, 2.44], I2 = 52%, 11 studies, 854 participants). Eleven studies reported details of AEs, identifying gastrointestinal symptoms and insomnia as the most common symptoms. No significant difference in AEs frequency was found between the groups (RR: 0.91 [0.59, 1.39], I2 = 4%, 11 studies, 808 participants). All 20 studies were evaluated as having “some concerns” regarding the overall risk of bias. The certainty of evidence for MMSE was “moderate” and “low” for MoCA. From frequently utilized herbs, two classical CHM formulae were identified: Kai xin san and Si wu decoction. The observed treatment effects of commonly used herbs may be exerted through multiple pharmacological mechanisms, including anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidative stress, anti‐apoptotic actions, promotion of neuronal survival and modulation of the cholinergic system.

Conclusions

The concurrent use of oral CHM and donepezil appears to be more effective than donepezil alone in improving the cognitive function of MCI, without leading to an increase in AEs. While recognizing concerns of overall methodological quality, this combined therapy should be considered as an alternative option for clinical practice.
Effects of European emissions trading on the transformation of primary steelmaking: Assessment of economic and climate impacts in a case study from Germany
Authors: Graupner Yannik , Weckenborg Christian , Spengler Thomas S.
Published: August 2024

Due to climate change and the urgent need to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of industrial processes, decarbonizing energy‐intensive industries is highly important. In Europe, emissions trading is the main regulatory instrument providing incentives to replace conventional production facilities with low‐carbon alternatives. Using the example of primary steelmaking, this study aims to evaluate the impacts of product benchmark revisions on the transformation of integrated steel mills. To this end, an optimization model for the strategic planning of economically favorable transformation pathways is developed. The model is combined with a prospective assessment of economic and climate impacts from steelmaking processes. By applying the model to a case study from Germany, legislative conditions in which steel manufacturers are encouraged to transform their production infrastructure are identified. Based on current regulations on product benchmarks for steelmaking, investments into low‐carbon technologies are slowed down until allocations of emissions allowances expire. However, benchmark revisions have the potential to speed up transformation plans significantly. In the analyzed scenarios, the greenhouse gas emissions of primary steelmaking between 2024 and 2034 decreased by up to 15%. These results are further strengthened by sensitivity analyses on the main market influences. Hence, this study provides policy recommendations on favorable revisions of product benchmarks for primary steelmaking.
Correlation of internalized stigma with self‐esteem, social support and coping styles in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Yi , Shen Biyu , Meng Weifen , Gao Bo , Wang Tiantian , Geng Yaqin
Published: August 2024

Aim

To understand the status of internalized stigma in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and explore its relationship with self‐esteem, social support, and coping style.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study selected patients with RA who visited the Rheumatology and Immunology Department of a tertiary hospital from May 2022 to May 2023. The Chinese versions of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale‐Rheumatoid Arthritis (ISMI‐RA), Social Support Rating Scale, Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, and Medical Coping Style Questionnaire were administered to assess the internalized stigma, social support, self‐esteem, and coping styles, respectively. The Pearson correlation test or Spearman rank correlation was then used to analyze the correlation between these measures.

Results

Overall, 69.5% participants reported high level of internalized stigma. The average age of the 174 participants was 52.67 ± 12.24 years, with 87.36 per cent female patients. The mean ISMI‐RA score was 54.49 ± 9.62, and the ISMI‐RA subscale with the highest average score was alienation. The Pearson's correlations show that internalized stigma was positively associated with the coping styles of avoidance (r = .212, p < .01) and acceptance (r = .560, p < .01), and that internalized stigma was negatively associated with the coping styles of confrontation (r = −.479, p < .01), social support (r = −.570, p < .01), and self‐esteem(r = −.512, p < .05).

Conclusion

The high level of internalized stigma in RA patients suggests that we should develop interventions to improve patients' self‐esteem, encourage them to adopt positive coping styles, and gain more social support for them, so as to alleviate their internalized stigma.
Impaired cellular copper regulation in the presence of ApoE4
Authors: Blades Bryce , Hung Ya Hui , Belaidi Abdel A. , Volitakis Irene , Schultz Aaron G. , Cater Michael A. , Cheung Nam Sang , Bush Ashley I. , Ayton Scott , La Fontaine Sharon
Published: August 2024

The strongest genetic risk factor for late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is allelic variation of the APOE gene, with the following risk structure: ε4 > ε3 > ε2. The biochemical basis for this risk profile is unclear. Here, we reveal a new role for the APOE gene product, apolipoprotein E (ApoE) in regulating cellular copper homeostasis, which is perturbed in the AD brain. Exposure of ApoE target replacement (TR) astrocytes (immortalised astrocytes from APOE knock‐in mice) to elevated copper concentrations resulted in exacerbated copper accumulation in ApoE4‐ compared to ApoE2‐ and ApoE3‐TR astrocytes. This effect was also observed in SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells treated with conditioned medium from ApoE4‐TR astrocytes. Increased intracellular copper levels in the presence of ApoE4 may be explained by reduced levels and delayed trafficking of the copper transport protein, copper‐transporting ATPase 1 (ATP7A/Atp7a), potentially leading to impaired cellular copper export. This new role for ApoE in copper regulation lends further biochemical insight into how APOE genotype confers risk for AD and reveals a potential contribution of ApoE4 to the copper dysregulation that is a characteristic pathological feature of the AD brain.

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Understanding negative feedback: Changes in high‐molecular‐weight adrenocorticotropic hormone in adrenocorticotropic hormone‐independent Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Ichinose Yuto , Nakatsuji Mei , Bando Hironori , Yamamoto Masaaki , Kanzawa Maki , Yoshino Kei , Fukuoka Hidenori , Ogawa Wataru
Published: August 2024

Cushing's syndrome is characterized by chronic glucocorticoid oversecretion and diverse clinical manifestations. Distinguishing between adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)‐independent and ACTH‐dependent forms is crucial for determining treatment options. Plasma ACTH levels aid in the differential diagnosis, with undetectable or low levels suggesting ACTH‐independent hypercortisolemia. ACTH is derived from pro‐opiomelanocortin, and its processing involves prohormone convertase 1/3. High‐molecular‐weight ACTH is generally found in ACTH‐producing pituitary tumors and ectopic ACTH syndrome. The mechanism of negative feedback and the process of high‐molecular‐weight ACTH alternation during ACTH‐independent Cushing's syndrome remain unclear. A 40‐year‐old woman with hypertension and multiple fractures developed symptoms suggestive of Cushing's syndrome. Computed tomography revealed a left adrenocortical tumor along with atrophy of the right adrenal gland. ACTH levels were undetectable at the previous clinic, indicating ACTH‐independent Cushing's syndrome. However, subsequent measurements at our hospital revealed non‐suppressed ACTH (18.1 pg/mL), prompting further investigation. Gel exclusion chromatography confirmed the presence of high‐molecular‐weight ACTH. Metyrapone treatment decreased the cortisol levels. In this situation, in which ACTH levels should be elevated, a decrease in high‐molecular‐weight ACTH levels was observed. Histological findings revealed cortisol‐producing adenoma without ACTH expression. This case highlights the importance of assay differences in evaluating ACTH concentrations and introduces a novel finding of circulating high‐molecular‐weight ACTH. The observed decline in high‐molecular‐weight ACTH levels suggests a potential time lag in the negative feedback within the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis exhibited by glucocorticoids. This temporal aspect of the regulation of ACTH‐related molecules warrants further exploration to enhance our understanding of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis feedback mechanism.
Anatomical perspectives of brow‐lifting using threads: Clinical cases with techniques
Authors: Park Soo Yeon , Kim Soo‐Bin , Wan Jovian , Techapichetvanich Thanya , Tsay Ti Jo , Sirisuk Thanawan , Yi Kyu‐Ho
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Tailoring surgical interventions to target age‐related transformations is paramount. Many candidates seeking blepharoplasty commonly exhibit eyebrow ptosis, underscoring the necessity for surgeons to possess a comprehensive understanding of techniques for brow and forehead rejuvenation.

Methods

Various surgical techniques are available for eyebrow and forehead enhancement, contrasting the standardized approaches in upper and lower blepharoplasty. Thread lifting has gained popularity for forehead lifting, although a more precise term would be eyebrow lifting. The thread lifting methods using V and I techniques with floating‐type threads (Secret Line, Hyundai Meditech., Inc., Wonju‐si, Republic of Korea) are used.

Results

The natural aging process often causes the forehead and eyebrows to sag under the influence of gravity, leading to the appearance of heavy eyelids. Elevating the eyebrows can mitigate droopiness, enhance vision clarity, and rejuvenate the facial aesthetic. While non‐surgical methods like Botulinum Toxin A can weaken muscles and potentially aid in brow elevation, their visible effects may be somewhat constrained.

Discussion

Surgical methods encompass endoscopic forehead lift, eyebrow lift techniques, and scalp excision‐based forehead reduction surgery, each with specific advantages and drawbacks. Thread lifting bridges the gap between surgical and non‐surgical modalities. Forehead areas often lack subcutaneous fat, requiring precise anatomical understanding for effective thread lifting. Cannula usage with partial tunneling ensures efficacy even in patients with strong adhesions. Presented cases showcase successful eyebrow lifting using cog threads, illustrating immediate and gradual post‐procedure changes.

Conclusion

Eyebrow thread lifting demands periodic procedures, offering subtler improvements than surgery. Anatomical knowledge is crucial, and the technique presents discomfort. Effects last about 6 months, requiring re‐treatment as effects regress. Thread lifting, a middle ground between surgical and non‐surgical methods, can rejuvenate brows with less downtime.
Comparison of different methods used in the classification of maxillary gingival phenotype: A diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Guliyev Rasul , Lutfioglu Muge , Keskiner Ilker
Published: August 2024

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and applicability of novel methods for determining gingival phenotypes and compare them with currently recommended methods.

Methods

Six maxillary anterior teeth from 50 systemically and periodontally healthy patients were evaluated using two conventional methods (periodontal probe translucency method [PP] and transgingival measurement with an endodontic file [EF]), and two novel methods (colored biotype probe translucency method [CBP] and transgingival measurement with a Florida probe [FP]). All data were statistically analyzed. Intra‐examiner reproducibility and inter‐examiner reproducibility for all methods were analyzed using 10 randomly selected patients who were re‐evaluated for each analysis.

Results

Moderate agreement was found between EF and PP, with statistically significant differences between median gingival thickness (GT) values for thick 0.8 mm (0.5–1.1 mm) and thin 1 mm (0.6–1.7 mm) phenotypes, and a threshold GT value of ≤0.92 mm (p < .001). FP and PP also showed moderate agreement, with statistically significant differences between median GT values for thick and thin phenotypes (0.80 mm [0.40–1.60 mm] and 0.89 mm [0.40–1.60 mm], respectively), and a threshold GT value of ≤0.8 mm (p < .001). PP and CBP values showed a substantial agreement (p < .001). A statistically significant difference was found between median EF values and CBP categories (p < .001); however, paired comparisons showed that the distinction was applicable only between thin and other phenotypes.

Conclusion

Although CBP was found to be successful in detecting the thin phenotype, it was not successful in distinguishing between medium, thick, and very thick phenotypes; moreover, it did not appear to offer any advantages over PP. Although FP may be preferable to EF in measuring gingival thickness, the cost of FP is a disadvantage.
Mixed‐Genotype HCV Direct Acting Antiviral Outcomes: A CANUHC Analysis
Authors: Imsirovic Haris , Macphail Gisela , Conway Brian , Fraser Chris , Borgia Sergio , Smyth Daniel , Wong Alexander , Vachon Marie‐Louise , Webster Duncan , Liu Hongqun , Feld Jordan , Lee Sam , Cooper Curtis ,   the Canadian Network Undertaking against Hepatitis C (CANUHC) Cohort Investigator Team
Published: August 2024

The prevalence of mixed hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype infection in a representative Canadian HCV cohort is reported and virological response with direct acting antiviral (DAA) treatment was evaluated. 3272 HCV‐positive participants were enrolled, of which 2945 (90.0%) initiated DAA therapy. 0.8% were identified with mixed genotype infection. Overall sustained virological response (SVR) was 99.1% and did not differ based on mixed genotype status. Any historical disadvantage to achieving cure with HCV treatment in mixed genotype infection has been overcome by current DAA regimens.
Genome scans for selection signatures identify candidate virulence genes for adaptation of the soybean cyst nematode to host resistance
Authors: Kwon Khee Man , Viana João P. G. , Walden Kimberly K. O. , Usovsky Mariola , Scaboo Andrew M. , Hudson Matthew E. , Mitchum Melissa G.
Published: August 2024

Plant pathogens are constantly under selection pressure for host resistance adaptation. Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines) is a major pest of soybean primarily managed through resistant cultivars; however, SCN populations have evolved virulence in response to selection pressures driven by repeated monoculture of the same genetic resistance. Resistance to SCN is mediated by multiple epistatic interactions between Rhg (for resistance to H. glycines) genes. However, the identity of SCN virulence genes that confer the ability to overcome resistance remains unknown. To identify candidate genomic regions showing signatures of selection for increased virulence, we conducted whole genome resequencing of pooled individuals (Pool‐Seq) from two pairs of SCN populations adapted on soybeans with Peking‐type (rhg1‐a, rhg2, and Rhg4) resistance. Population differentiation and principal component analysis‐based approaches identified approximately 0.72–0.79 million SNPs, the frequency of which showed potential selection signatures across multiple genomic regions. Chromosomes 3 and 6 between population pairs showed the greatest density of outlier SNPs with high population differentiation. Conducting multiple outlier detection tests to identify overlapping SNPs resulted in a total of 966 significantly differentiated SNPs, of which 285 exon SNPs were mapped to 97 genes. Of these, six genes encoded members of known stylet‐secreted effector protein families potentially involved in host defence modulation including venom‐allergen‐like, annexin, glutathione synthetase, SPRYSEC, chitinase, and CLE effector proteins. Further functional analysis of identified candidate genes will provide new insights into the genetic mechanisms by which SCN overcomes soybean resistance and inform the development of molecular markers for rapidly screening the virulence profile of an SCN‐infested field.
An audacious approach to incorporating students into the ethnographic research process
Authors: Schow Diana , Cartwright Elizabeth , Bassett Tamra
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we discuss the experience of the Idaho CommuniVax local team and how a large‐scale incorporation of college students into its ethnographic research process ensured bona‐fide community engagement and a deeper understanding of the experiences of Hispanic community members as they considered COVID‐19 vaccination within the broader context of non‐Hispanic, rural, agricultural southeastern Idaho. We detail the logic behind the steps we took to rapidly recruit, train, and provide future‐oriented opportunities for 20 students who were studying a variety of disciplines. The students were from geographic localities in or near the research communities of interest. Their familial and social connections served as critical information channels between policy‐makers, decision‐makers, academics, and community members. Their varied ethnic backgrounds and their sheer number resulted in comprehensive research results and an expansive network of evidence‐based COVID‐19 information sharing that would have been impossible without their involvement.
Intensive care unit carbon footprint: A bibliometric and document content analysis
Authors: Ozkan Esra
Published: August 2024

Background

Sustainable low‐carbon health systems are among the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP27) goals. The literature states that 4.9% of greenhouse gas emissions originate from the health sector.

Aim

This study aimed to quantify and visualize trends, citations, key terms and countries of publications about the carbon footprint of intensive care and review their contents.

Study design

A bibliometric analysis was conducted on 14 articles selected by searching the SCOPUS database using the keywords ‘Environmental sustainability’, ‘Environmental footprint’, ‘Carbon footprint’ and ‘Intensive care unit’. MS Excel was used to create graphs, and VOSviewer was used to perform network analysis. Content analysis methods were used to describe the details in each document.

Results

Most articles on intensive care carbon footprint and environmental sustainability were published in 2023 (n = 7, 47%), with the first publication in 2014. The article ‘Environmental sustainability in anaesthesia and critical care’, from the British Journal of Anaesthesia, was the most cited, with 166 citations. The carbon footprinting studies were conducted in the United Kingdom, Australia, United States and the Netherlands.

Conclusion

Minimizing electricity usage and waste generation (reducing, reusing and recycling more) can reduce the carbon footprint of intensive care. The number of studies on the subject was limited, and although none were specifically about nurses, sustainability and environmental impact are relevant topics for all intensive care staff.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Nurses and other health care professionals can improve environmental sustainability by better understanding how to reduce the carbon footprint of intensive care units.
A jasmonate‐mediated regulatory network modulates diurnal floret opening time in rice
Authors: Ding Wenyan , Gou Yajun , Li Yajing , Li Juanjuan , Fang Yudong , Liu Xupeng , Zhu Xinyu , Ye Rongjian , Heng Yueqin , Wang Haiyang , Shen Rongxin
Published: August 2024

Diurnal floret opening time (DFOT) is a pivotal trait for successful fertilization and hybrid breeding in rice. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this trait is poorly understood in rice.

In this study, we combined the cytological, genetic and molecular studies to demonstrate that jasmonic acid (JA) regulates DFOT in rice through modulating the turgor and osmotic pressure of the lodicules.

We show that lodicules undergo dramatic morphologic changes, accompanied by changes in water and sugar contents during the process of floret opening. Consistently, a large set of genes associated with cell osmolality and cell wall remodeling exhibits distinct expression profiles at different time points in our time‐course transcriptomes of lodicules. Notably, a group of JA biosynthesis and signaling genes is continuously upregulated, accompanied by a gradual increase in JA accumulation as floret opening approaching. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the JA biosynthesis gene OsAOS1 is required for endogenous JA biosynthesis in lodicules and promoting rice DFOT. Moreover, OsMYC2, a master regulator of JA signaling, regulates rice DFOT by directly activating OsAOS1, OsSWEET4, OsPIP2;2 and OsXTH9.

Collectively, our findings establish a core regulatory network mediated by JA for modulating rice DFOT and provide effective gene targets for the genetic improvement of DFOT in rice.
The cellular RNA‐dependent RNA polymerases in plants
Authors: Du Xuan
Published: August 2024

RNA‐dependent RNA Polymerases (RdRPs) synthesize double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) from a single‐stranded RNA (ssRNA) template. In plants, dsRNAs produced by RdRPs can be further processed into small interfering RNA (siRNAs) with different lengths, ranging from 21 to 24 nucleotides (nt). These siRNAs play a pivotal role in various biological processes, including antiviral responses, transposable elements silencing, DNA methylation, and the regulation of plant reproduction and development. Recent research has reported significant progress in uncovering the molecular mechanisms of plant RNA‐DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 2 (RDR2), a representative RdRP involved in the RNA‐directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway. These discoveries provide a molecular basis underlying the principles of RdRP function and offer insights into potential advancements in crop breeding and antiviral defense strategies.
Future tree mortality is impossible to observe, but a new model reveals why tropical tree traits matter more than climate change variability for predicting hydraulic failure
Authors: Mackay D. Scott
Published: August 2024

This article is a Commentary on Robbins et al. (2024), 244: 2239–2250.
Early Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes of Robotic‐arm‐assisted versus Conventional Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Geng Xiao , Zheng Yuhang , Li Yang , Zhao Minwei , Liu Yanqing , Li Zijian , Cai Hong , Zhang Ming , Yan Xinfeng , Sun Zhiwen , Lv Xin , Guo Feng , Li Feng , Tian Hua
Published: August 2024

Objective

A robotic system was recently introduced to improve prosthetic alignment during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to determine whether robotic‐arm‐assisted TKA improves clinical and radiological outcomes when compared to conventional TKA.

Methods

One hundred and thirty patients who underwent primary TKA were enrolled in this prospective, randomized controlled trial, which was conducted at three hospitals. Five patients were lost to follow‐up 6 weeks after surgery. Therefore, 125 participants (63 in the intervention group and 62 in the control group) remained in the final analysis. The primary outcome was the rate at which the mechanical axis of the femur deviated by less than 3° from the mechanical axis of the tibia. This was evaluated by full‐length weight‐bearing X‐rays of the lower limb 6 weeks postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included operation times, 6‐week postoperative functional outcomes evaluated by the American Knee Society score (KSS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC), short form‐36 (SF‐36) health survey results, and the occurrence of adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs).

Results

At 6 weeks postoperatively, we found that the rate of radiographic inliers was significantly higher in the intervention group (78.7% vs 51.6%; p = 0.00; 95% confidence interval, 10.9% to 43.2%). The operation was significantly longer in the intervention group than in the control group (119.5 vs 85.0 min; p = 0.00). There were no significant differences in the 6‐week postoperative functional outcomes, SF‐36, AEs, and SAEs between the two groups. There were no AEs or SAEs that were determined to be “positively related” to the robotic system.

Conclusion

Robotic‐arm‐assisted TKA is safe and effective, as demonstrated in this trial.
Maintenance Breeding in Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh] — An Assessment and Advanced Strategies
Authors: Saxena Kul Bhushan , Saxena Rachit K , Dalvi Vijay A , Choudhary Arbind K , Sultana Rafat
Published: August 2024

The sustainable maintenance breeding of pigeonpea germplasm, genetic stocks, released cultivars, and hybrid parents is a tough job. The prime reason for their genetic contamination is the insect‐aided cross‐pollination. Although various public and private seed agencies are involved in maintenance breeding to produce different grades of pigeonpea seeds, but the limitation of resources and low priority make it difficult to meet the national seed requirements. This manuscript, aside from reviewing the present pigeonpea maintenance breeding methods, their limitations, and accomplishments, also highlights some advanced breeding and genomics approaches to enhance the efficiency of maintenance breeding.
Exogenous melatonin application helps late‐sown durum wheat to cope with waterlogging under Mediterranean environmental conditions
Authors: Quaratiello Giuseppe , Risoli Samuele , Antichi Daniele , Pellegrini Elisa , Nali Cristina , Lorenzini Giacomo , Pampana Silvia , Pisuttu Claudia , Tonelli Mariagrazia , Cotrozzi Lorenzo
Published: August 2024

In Mediterranean countries, late‐sown durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum) may face waterlogging (WL) at early stages. As mitigation of waterlogging by melatonin (MT) has been poorly explored, we analyzed the effects of exogenous MT foliar application to WL‐stressed durum wheat on its ecophysiological performance, growth and biomass production. Late‐sown plants of a relatively tolerant cultivar (i.e., Emilio‐Lepido) were subjected to two WL durations (i.e., 14 and 35 days of WL; DOW) at tillering, with or without exogenous MT application (i.e., 0 and 100 μM). Prolonged WL reduced shoot biomass (−43%), but the application of MT mitigated this detrimental effect. Waterlogging impaired photosynthesis, reducing leaf CO2 assimilation and chlorophyll content (−61 and − 57%, at 14 and 35 DOW). In control, MT increased the photosynthetic pigments (+48%), whereas it exacerbated the decrease in photosynthesis under both WL conditions (−72%, on average). Conversely, MT reduced WL‐induced oxidative damage in both shoots and roots (−25% hydrogen peroxide production), facilitating osmotic adjustments and mitigating oxidative stress. The accumulation of osmotic regulators in MT + WL plants (+140 and + 42%, in shoots and roots at 35 DOW; respectively) and mineral solutes (+140 and + 104%, on average, in shoots and roots at 14 DOW) likely mitigated WL stress, limiting the impact of oxidative stress and promoting biomass accumulation. Our results highlight the potential of MT as a bioactive compound in mitigating the adverse effects of WL on late‐sown durum wheat and the importance of the complex interactions between physiological responses and environmental stressors.
Pupillometry as a biomarker of postural control: Deep‐learning models reveal side‐specific pupillary responses to increased intensity of balance tasks
Authors: Rosker Jernej , Leskovec Tinka , Tomazin Katja , Majcen Rosker Ziva
Published: August 2024

Pupillometry has been used in the studies of postural control to assess cognitive load during dual tasks, but its response to increased balance task intensity has not been investigated. Furthermore, it is unknown whether side‐specific changes in pupil diameter occur with more demanding balance tasks providing additional insights into postural control. The two aims of this study were to analyze differences in steady‐state pupil diameter between balance tasks with increased intensity and to determine whether there are side‐specific changes. Forty‐eight healthy subjects performed parallel and left and right one‐legged stances on a force plate with and without foam with right and left pupil diameters measured with a mobile infrared eye‐tracker. Differences between balance tasks in parameters (average pupil diameter of each eye, average of both pupil diameters and the difference between the left and right pupil diameter) were analyzed using a two‐way repeated measures analysis of variance, and deep learning neural network models were used to investigate how pupillometry predicted each balance task. The pupil diameter of the left eye, the average pupil diameter of both eyes and the difference in pupil diameters increased statistically significantly from simpler to more demanding balance tasks, with this being more pronounced for the left eye. The deep learning neural network models revealed side‐specific changes in pupil diameter with more demanding balance tasks. This study confirms pupillary responses to increased intensity of balance task and indicates side‐specific pupil responses that could be related to task‐specific involvement of higher levels of postural control.
Preparing the particular: Kant on the imagination's role in judgment
Authors: Dunn Nicholas
Published: August 2024

That Kant sees the faculties of imagination and judgment as closely related is not controversial. Yet precisely how they relate to each other, especially across his Critical philosophy, is less clear. In this article, I consider the relationship between what Kant calls the “power of imagination” (Einbildungskraft) and the “power of judgment” (Urteilskraft). I argue for the following claim: insofar as the power of judgment is the faculty of thinking particulars under universals, the power of imagination is the faculty of producing and providing particulars for judgment—either to reflect on or to subsume under universals. Such an account reveals that our capacity for imagination is intimately bound up with our capacity to judge.