bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Four new species, DNA barcode library and pre-Pliocene speciation of the euedaphic Afromontane Clivinini genera Trilophidius and Antireicheia (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Scaritinae)
Authors: Grebennikov Vasily V. , Bulirsch Petr , Magrini Paolo
Published: June 2017

We describe and extensively illustrate four new species of euedaphic (= dwelling in the soil) Clivinini ground beetles: Trilophidius acastus sp. nov. and T. argus sp. nov. (both from Bioko, Equatorial Guinea), as well as Antireicheia calais sp. nov. and A. zetes sp. nov. (both from the South Pare Mountains, Tanzania). We generate and report all currently available DNA barcode (= cytochrome oxidase subunit I) data for euedaphic Afromontane Clivinini of the genera Trilophidius (2 species, four records) and Antireicheia (13 species, 43 records). We infer a phylogeny for these beetles using a Maximum Likelihood approach based upon a matrix of 53 sequenced specimens (dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-ANTIREI) with 658 aligned positions. All nominative species represented by two or more sequences are recovered as monophyletic. Both new species of Trilophidius form a weakly supported clade, while all seven species of South African Antireicheia form a moderately supported clade. The genus Antireicheia and the geographical assemblage of its six Tanzanian species are not monophyletic. We perform divergence time estimation in Afrotropical Antireicheia, and our analysis indicates that these lineages diverged predominantly in the middle or late Miocene. We highlight the notable lack of phylogenetic hypothesis linked with the vaguely and variably defined taxon “subfamily Scaritinae” and its subordinated taxa.
A new host record for Euthera fascipennis (Diptera: Tachinidae)
Authors: Francati Santolo , Dindo Maria Luisa , Cerretti Pierfilippo
Published: June 2017

Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) is reported for the first time as a host of Euthera fascipennis (Loew) (Diptera: Tachinidae). A single specimen of E. fascipennis was reared from an adult of D. baccarum collected in northern Italy (Crevalcore, Bologna, Emilia Romagna Region). This is the first host record for E. fascipennis in Italy and the first distributional record of this tachinid in northern Italy.
Cambrian lithostratigraphy of the Mount Clark, Mount Cap and Saline River formations in the Carcajou Range and Norman Range, Northwest Territories (NTS 96E1, 3, and 4)
Authors: Bouchard M L , Turner E C
Published: June 2017

This report documents the Lower to Middle Cambrian Mount Clark, Mount Cap, and Saline River formations in the Carcajou and Norman ranges, western mainland Northwest Territories. The "Bearpaw Creek" section (section 1), exposes the sandstone-dominated uppermost
Abraham Plains Formation (Katherine Group; ~2.4 m measured), unconformably overlain by a complete section of the Cambrian sandstone-dominated Mount Clark (~11.6 m measured), dolostone and dolomitic-sandstone-dominated Mount Cap (~23.2 m measured) and gypsite-dominated Saline River
formations (~66.7 m measured), and lowermost carbonate-dominated Cambrian-Ordovician Franklin Mountain Formation. Dodo Creek sections A and B (section 2A and B), consist of incomplete, overlapping sections of the Mount Cap Formation (section A ~35.5 m measured; section B ~28.8 m
measured). The Norman Range section (section 3) is an almost complete section of the Saline River Formation (~182.4 m measured), which is conformably overlain by the lowermost units of the Franklin Mountain Formation.
Online appendix 4: A new checklist of lichenised, lichenicolous and allied fungi reported from South Africa
Authors: Fryday Alan M.
Published: June 2017

Background: The last comprehensive list of lichenised, lichenicolous and allied fungi reported from South Africa was published in 1950. A checklist is important to provide basic information on the extent of the diversity, and to provide the most recent name and classification.Objective: To present a list of all the lichenised, lichenicolous and allied fungi reported from South Africa.Methods: The list presented is entirely literature based and no attempt has been made to check the report of any taxa or their status by checking the specimens upon which they are based. Firstly, all taxa that were not reported from within the modern boundaries of South Africa were excluded. Next, the Recent literature on lichens database was searched for literature on South African lichens since 1945 and all references checked for new species or new reports, which were then added to the list. These names were then checked against Index Fungorum to ensure that the most current name was being used. Finally, the list was rationalised by excluding all synonyms and dubious infraspecific taxa.Results: The current list includes 1750 taxa in 260 genera from mainland South Africa, with an additional 100 species and 23 genera from the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands, which are treated separately. The replacement name Verrucaria dagolavii Fryday is proposed for Verrucaria umbilicata Øvstedal.Conclusion: It is estimated that, when fully explored, the lichen biota of South Africa will consist of somewhere between 2500 and 3000 taxa.
A Remark on Certain Integral Operators of Fractional Type
Authors: Rocha Pablo Alejandro
Published: June 2017

For m, n ∈ , 1 < m ≤ n, we write n = n1 + … + nm where {n1 , … , nm} ⊂ . Let A1 , . . . , Am be n × n singular real matrices such that

where = {x : Ajx = 0}, dim() = n – nj, and A1 + … + Am is invertible. In this paper we study integral operators of the form

n1 + … + nm = n, , 0 < r < 1, and the matrices Ai’s are as above. We obtain the Hp() − Lq() boundedness of Tr for 0 < p < and .
Las competencias básicas en la nueva generación de estudiantes universitarios: Una experiencia de Innovación
Authors: Ramos G. , Chiva I. , Gómez Mª. B.
Published: June 2017

Esta contribución presenta una experiencia de innovación docente dedicada al desarrollo de competencias básicas en el estudiante universitario mediante la activación de prácticas educativas y procedimientos evaluativos que buscan promover y maximizar diversas competencias. Dicha investigación ha sido implementada en distintas  titulaciones de la Universitat de València durante los cursos académicos 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-14 y 2014-15. Participan en el estudio 1285 estudiantes a través de un muestreo accidental por accesibilidad. Tras el desarrollo de una metodología de encuesta basada en análisis descriptivos-exploratorios los datos recabados nos permiten conocer cuál es el grado de dominio percibido por los jóvenes universitarios en torno a las siguientes competencias básicas: aplicación de conocimientos, argumentación, resolución de problemas, análisis de información, comunicación, aprendizaje autónomo, sentido ético, creatividad, trabajo en equipo y evaluación. Como conclusiones del estudio se extrae que no se aprecian diferencias relevantes en cuanto al sexo de los estudiantes, que los universitarios se consideran menos capaces en la identificación de las propias necesidades formativas y en la gestión de estrategias educativas para la formación autónoma, así como en el afrontamiento de las actividades de una forma original y novedosa, entre otras.
Tutoría en la UOC: Diseño y elaboración del plan de tutoría del grado de psicología
Authors: Boixadós i Anglès Mercè , Ollé Casimiro Eva , Gutiérrez Zuheros Maite
Published: June 2017

El tutor en una universidad online como la UOC tiene una gran relevancia, donde la personalización, el acompañamiento y el asesoramiento constante al estudiante a lo largo de su trayectoria académica, son un hecho fundamental. En esta línea, la figura del tutor se convierte en un elemento indispensable de nuestro modelo pedagógico, donde la función tutorial es transversal y no está vinculada de forma específica a una asignatura o materia de la titulación.

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una herramienta recientemente elaborada en formato de WIKI, llamada plan de tutorización del grado de Psicología de la UOC, que recoge toda la información y elementos que un tutor necesita para poder realizar su función de forma ordenada, ágil y eficaz en cada momento del curso para la correcta tutorización del estudiante. Para su diseño se ha tenido en cuenta el análisis de necesidades de los tutores, está estructurada por momentos clave del semestre, identificando objetivos, acciones concretas que debe llevar a cabo y proporcionando recursos relevantes y útiles para cada acción (enlaces web, documentos, buscadores, etc.).

Una vez implantado en el aula virtual del tutor se ha analizado la satisfacción con el nuevo plan de tutorización, la cual ha resultado muy satisfactoria, considerando que es una herramienta útil de información y comunicación entre el equipo docente de la titulación y los tutores, facilitando así la tarea de orientación y seguimiento correcto del estudiante. 
Reinforcing University-Companies Ties: Implementation of the “Specialist Programme in Operations Management and Lean 6 Sigma” in response to the training requirements of industry
Authors: Avella Lucia
Published: June 2017

An experience of collaboration between the university and companies related to training in the field of Operations Management is analysed. Called the “Specialist Programme in Operations Management and Lean 6 Sigma” of the University of Oviedo, its origin lies in the need, noted by some companies, for specialised education in the field of production planning and management and, in particular, Lean 6 Sigma methodologies. To this end, we detail the main objectives of the training programme, the collaboration of the participating companies, the professional activities involved, as well as the content and teaching methodologies used. This initiative shows the potential of closer ties between the university and companies and promotes debate about whether university education should respond to the training needs of organisations or not.
Case study of wave breaking with high-resolution turbulence measurements with LITOS and WRF simulations
Authors: Schneider Andreas , Wagner Johannes , Faber Jens , Gerding Michael , Lübken Franz-Josef
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Measurements of turbulent energy dissipation rates obtained from wind fluctuations observed with the balloon-borne instrument LITOS (Leibniz-Institute Turbulence Observations in the Stratosphere) are combined with simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to study the breakdown of waves into turbulence. One flight from Kiruna (68° N, 21° E) and two flights from Kühlungsborn (54° N, 12° E) are analysed. Dissipation rates are of the order of 0. 1 mW kg−1 (∼ 0.01 K d−1) in the troposphere and in the stratosphere below 15 km, increasing in distinct layers by about 2 orders of magnitude. For one flight covering the stratosphere up to ∼ 28 km, the measurement shows nearly no turbulence at all above 15 km. Another flight features a patch with highly increased dissipation directly below the tropopause, collocated with strong wind shear and wave filtering conditions. In general, small or even negative Richardson numbers are affirmed to be a sufficient condition for increased dissipation. Conversely, significant turbulence has also been observed in the lower stratosphere under stable conditions. Observed energy dissipation rates are related to wave patterns visible in the modelled vertical winds. In particular, the drop in turbulent fraction at 15 km mentioned above coincides with a drop in amplitude in the wave patterns visible in the WRF. This indicates wave saturation being visible in the LITOS turbulence data.
Aerosol–landscape–cloud interaction: signatures of topography effect on cloud droplet formation
Authors: Romakkaniemi Sami , Maalick Zubair , Hellsten Antti , Ruuskanen Antti , Väisänen Olli , Ahmad Irshad , Tonttila Juha , Mikkonen Santtu , Komppula Mika , Kühn Thomas
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Long-term in situ measurements of aerosol–cloud interactions are usually performed in measurement stations residing on hills, mountains, or high towers. In such conditions, the surface topography of the surrounding area can affect the measured cloud droplet distributions by increasing turbulence or causing orographic flows and thus the observations might not be representative for a larger scale. The objective of this work is to analyse, how the local topography affects the observations at Puijo measurement station, which is located in the 75 m high Puijo tower, which itself stands on a 150 m high hill. The analysis of the measurement data shows that the observed cloud droplet number concentration mainly depends on the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration. However, when the wind direction aligns with the direction of the steepest slope of the hill, a clear topography effect is observed. This finding was further analysed by simulating 3-D flow fields around the station and by performing trajectory ensemble modelling of aerosol- and wind-dependent cloud droplet formation. The results showed that in typical conditions, with geostrophic winds of about 10 m s−1, the hill can cause updrafts of up to 1 m s−1 in the air parcels arriving at the station. This is enough to produce in-cloud supersaturations (SSs) higher than typically found at the cloud base of  ∼  0.2 %), and thus additional cloud droplets may form inside the cloud. In the observations, this is seen in the form of a bimodal cloud droplet size distribution. The effect is strongest with high winds across the steepest slope of the hill and with low liquid water contents, and its relative importance quickly decreases as these conditions are relaxed. We therefore conclude that, after careful screening for wind speed and liquid water content, the observations at Puijo measurement station can be considered representative for clouds in a boreal environment.
A closed-chamber method to measure greenhouse gas fluxes from dry aquatic sediments
Authors: Lesmeister Lukas , Koschorreck Matthias
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Recent research indicates that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from dry aquatic sediments are a relevant process in the freshwater carbon cycle. However, fluxes are difficult to measure because of the often rocky substrate and the dynamic nature of the habitat. Here we tested the performance of different materials to seal a closed chamber to stony ground both in laboratory and field experiments. Using on-site material consistently resulted in elevated fluxes. The artefact was caused both by outgassing of the material and production of gas. The magnitude of the artefact was site dependent – the measured CO2 flux increased between 10 and 208 %. Errors due to incomplete sealing proved to be more severe than errors due to non-inert sealing material.Pottery clay as sealing material provided a tight seal between the chamber and the ground and no production of gases was detected. With this approach it is possible to get reliable gas fluxes from hard-substrate sites without using a permanent collar. Our test experiments confirmed that CO2 fluxes from dry aquatic sediments are similar to CO2 fluxes from terrestrial soils.
Synthesizing long-term sea level rise projections – the MAGICC sea level model v2.0
Authors: Nauels Alexander , Meinshausen Malte , Mengel Matthias , Lorbacher Katja , Wigley Tom M. L.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Sea level rise (SLR) is one of the major impacts of global warming; it will threaten coastal populations, infrastructure, and ecosystems around the globe in coming centuries. Well-constrained sea level projections are needed to estimate future losses from SLR and benefits of climate protection and adaptation. Process-based models that are designed to resolve the underlying physics of individual sea level drivers form the basis for state-of-the-art sea level projections. However, associated computational costs allow for only a small number of simulations based on selected scenarios that often vary for different sea level components. This approach does not sufficiently support sea level impact science and climate policy analysis, which require a sea level projection methodology that is flexible with regard to the climate scenario yet comprehensive and bound by the physical constraints provided by process-based models. To fill this gap, we present a sea level model that emulates global-mean long-term process-based model projections for all major sea level components. Thermal expansion estimates are calculated with the hemispheric upwelling-diffusion ocean component of the simple carbon-cycle climate model MAGICC, which has been updated and calibrated against CMIP5 ocean temperature profiles and thermal expansion data. Global glacier contributions are estimated based on a parameterization constrained by transient and equilibrium process-based projections. Sea level contribution estimates for Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are derived from surface mass balance and solid ice discharge parameterizations reproducing current output from ice-sheet models. The land water storage component replicates recent hydrological modeling results. For 2100, we project 0.35 to 0.56 m (66 % range) total SLR based on the RCP2.6 scenario, 0.45 to 0.67 m for RCP4.5, 0.46 to 0.71 m for RCP6.0, and 0.65 to 0.97 m for RCP8.5. These projections lie within the range of the latest IPCC SLR estimates. SLR projections for 2300 yield median responses of 1.02 m for RCP2.6, 1.76 m for RCP4.5, 2.38 m for RCP6.0, and 4.73 m for RCP8.5. The MAGICC sea level model provides a flexible and efficient platform for the analysis of major scenario, model, and climate uncertainties underlying long-term SLR projections. It can be used as a tool to directly investigate the SLR implications of different mitigation pathways and may also serve as input for regional SLR assessments via component-wise sea level pattern scaling.
Increase in urban flood risk resulting from climate change – The role of storm temporal patterns
Authors: Hettiarachchi Suresh , Wasko Conrad , Sharma Ashish
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Warming temperatures are causing extreme rainfall to intensify resulting in increased risk of flooding in developed areas. Quantifying this increased risk is of critical importance for the protection of life and property as well as for infrastructure planning and design. The study presented in this manuscript uses a comprehensive hydrologic and hydraulic model of a fully developed urban/suburban catchment to explore two primary questions related to climate change impacts on flood risk: (1) How does climate change effects on storm temporal patterns and rainfall volumes impact flooding in a developed complex watershed? (2) Is the storm temporal pattern as critical as the total volume of rainfall when evaluating urban flood risk? The updated NOAA Atlas 14 intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) relationships and temporal patterns, widely used in design and planning modelling in the USA, form the basis of the assessment reported here. Current literature shows that a rise in temperature will result in intensification of rainfall. These impacts are not explicitly included in the NOAA temporal patterns, which can have consequences on the design and planning of adaptation measures. We use the expected increase in temperature for the RCP8.5 scenario for 2081–2100, to project temporal patterns and rainfall volumes to reflect future climatic change. The modelling analysis for a 22 km2 developed watershed show that temporal patterns cause substantial variability in flood depths during a storm event. The changes in the projected temporal patterns alone increase the risk of flood magnitude between 1 to 35 % with the cumulative impacts of temperature rise on temporal pattern and the storm volume increasing flood risk by between 10 to 170 % across the locations that were referenced for a 50 year return period storm. The variability in catchment response to temporal patterns show that regional storage facilities are sensitive to rainfall patterns that are loaded at the latter part of the storm duration while the short duration extremely intense storms will cause extensive flooding at all locations. This study shows that changes in temporal patterns will have a significant impact on urban/suburban catchment response and need to be carefully considered and adjusted to account for climate change when used for design and planning future stormwater systems.
On the drought in the Balearic Islands during the hydrological year 2015–2016
Authors: Ramis Climent , Romero Romualdo , Homar Victor , Alonso Sergio , Jansà Agustí , Amengual Arnau
Published: June 2017

Abstract. During the hydrological year 2015–16 (September to August) a severe drought affected the Balearic Islands, with substantial consequences (alleviated partially by desalination plants) on water availability for consumption from reservoirs and aquifers and also on the vegetation cover. In particular, a plague of Xilella fastidiosa reached a relatively alarming level for the case of the almond and olive trees. The expansion of this infestation could be attributed to, or at least favored by, the extreme drought. In this paper we analyze this anomalous episode in terms of the corresponding water balance in comparison with the balance obtained from long-term climatological data. It is shown that the drought was the result of a lack of winter precipitation, the lowest in 43 years, which led to a shortage of water storage in the soil. In several meteorological stations analyzed, evaporation was greater than precipitation during all the months of the year. In terms of attribution, it is found that during the 2015–16 winter the atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic was largely westerly and intense, with high values of the NAO index that were reflected in high pressures over the Iberian Peninsula and the western Mediterranean.
HIV in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Grabowski Gregory , Pilato Alexis , Clark Caroline , Jackson J. Benjamin
Published: June 2017

The emergence of HIV in the United States has had important implications in the surgical setting. This blood-borne pathogen poses risks to both the surgeon and the patient undergoing an orthopaedic procedure. Although there has been research regarding the likelihood of orthopaedic surgeons contracting HIV during a surgical procedure, the correlation of HIV with postoperative prognosis has not been extensively examined. Because HIV-positive patients may be immunodeficient, they are at increased risk for certain postoperative complications, especially infection. Orthopaedic surgeons should have a thorough understanding of the effects of this disease on patients to optimize preoperative decision making, intraoperative care, and postoperative recovery.
Language appropriations, ideologies and identities in bilingual schools in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain)
Authors: Fernández Barrera Alicia
Published: June 2017

This article addresses language ideologies and identities through the appropriations of the English language in two prestigious secondary bilingual schools in La Mancha City (pseudonym), as part of a team-based linguistic ethnography carried out in the region of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). Since the exponential increase in different types of bilingual programmes (Spanish-English), language ideologies circulating among the local ‘imagined’ bilingual communities as well as bilingual identities of school stakeholders have been transformed and (re)shaped within the era of ‘bilingualism fever’. By drawing on linguistic and ethnographic empirical insights on CLIL classroom practices and interviews, this article explores how bilingual identities are co-constructed in relation to language policies, language ideologies and appropriations of English within the institutional spaces as a marker of distinction, elitism and prestige in the local/global market.
Effectiveness of Medical-Care Equipment Management: Case Study in a Public Hospital in Belo Horizonte / Minas Gerais
Authors: De Oliveira Estevão Maria Campolina , Guimaraes Eloísa Helena Rodrigues , Jeunon Ester Eliane
Published: June 2017

This study aimed to identify and analyze the factors that contribute to the effectiveness of the management of medical-care equipment at the Hospital of Federal University of Minas Gerais (HC-UFMG) in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. To achieve this goal, a case study was performed along with a field research at HC-UFMG, through interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire to professionals who handle and operate medical-care equipment; professionals who provide maintenance on equipment, and professionals who manage the operation and maintenance of equipment. As a strategy for discussion of the results, the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD) was used supported by the analysis of the Central Idea (CI) of each question or question groups. According to the CSD results, it was possible to identify factors that contribute to the effectiveness of the management of medical-care equipment, such as: professional qualification; practical knowledge; work professionalization; supervision focused on evaluation, development, results and continuous improvement; professional updating and technical support; individual accountability; adequate infrastructure; and implementation of equipment management planning. These factors indicate, to the institutions, opportunities of culture change and organizational growth.
Tecnologias Da Administração E Perenidade Das Micro E Pequenas Empresas
Authors: Pereira Ilmar Polary
Published: June 2017

The article, which aimed at analyzing the contributions of the Technologies of the Administration, among them the Administration for Integrated Sustainability, in the perenity of the micro and small enterprises, investigated, based on the literature and on  field research, investigated "how can the Technologies of Administration contribute with the perenity of the micro and small industrial companies and of services rendered in the sample"? The data were extracted from secondary sources. In the field, the universe was of 1.700 industrial companies and 15.112 of services rendered, in 170 municipal districts, with proportional stratified random sample, considering each economical category of the Gross Domestic Product. In the investigation, the used technique was the questionnaire and the data received statistical treatment, with analysis of the variables, components and dimensions of the Technologies of the Administration, variance analysis and correlation test. The results and conclusions suggest that the Technologies of the Administration favor the perenity of the industrial companies and of services rendered of the sample.
The analysis of buckling and post buckling in the compressed composite columns
Authors: Wysmulski P.
Published: June 2017

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyse the work of a thin-walled C-shaped profile,
made of a carbon-epoxy composite, which was subjected to unified axial compression.
Design/methodology/approach: The scope of the study included the analysis of the
critical and low post-critical state by the use of numerical and experimental methods. As a
result of the experimental test, performed on the physical specimen, post-critical equilibrium
path had been determined, on the basis of which, with use of the adequate approximation
method critical load value was defined. The next stage of the research was devoted to
numerical analysis based on the finite element method. The studies were carried out on
a scope of the linear analysis of the eigenvalue problem, on the basis of witch the critical
value of load for mathematical model was found. The next step of the numerical tests was
covering the nonlinear analysis of the low post-critical state for the model with geometrical
imperfection, corresponding to the lowest form of buckling.
Findings: The result of the study was to determine the value of the critical load, on the
basis of the experimentally obtained post-critical equilibrium paths of the structure, with
use of two independent methods of Approximation: Koiter's method and the method of the
vertical tangent. The results of the analysis were compared with the value of the critical load
determined by using finite element method.
Research limitations/implications: The obtained results of study provide the important
information concerning the modelling techniques of the thin-walled structures made of
composite materials, while confirming the adequacy of the numerical models developed
both in the calculation of eigenvalue problem, as well as non-linear static analysis in the
post-critical range.
Originality/value: The research provided the necessary knowledge of the behaviour of
the critical and low post-critical of the thin-walled structure made of modern orthotropic
material (CFRP).
The Notification Requirement in Transborder Remote Search and Seizure: Domestic and International Law Perspectives
Authors: Osula Anna-Maria , Zoetekouw Mark
Published: June 2017

Modern criminal investigations increasingly rely on evidence that is not in a tangible format and can no longer be assumed to be located close to the locus delicti or the perpetrator. This article focuses on the notification requirement embedded into the legal regimes regulating one of the available investigative measures employed to access data stored in digital devices – remote search and seizure. The article will first analyse whether there is an obligation under international law to notify the other state about such a transborder investigative measure. Then we will compare the notification requirements for remote search and seizure in three countries’ domestic law: in Estonia, the Netherlands and the United States. Finally, we will draw conclusions on the principal challenges related to the implementation of the notification requirement under the domestic regulation. These involve balancing, on the one hand, the difficulties in identifying the location and the identity of the possible suspect and, on the other hand, the need to provide the involved individuals’ protection as guaranteed by the principles of fair trial and effective remedy.
2017 WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality: First Addendum to the Fourth Edition
Authors: Cotruvo Joseph A.
Published: June 2017

Drinking water guidelines issued by the World Health Organization—serving as a framework for the water quality standards of many countries—were updated in February 2017 to reflect new research findings and considerations.
Field Analysis Guidelines Enhance Water Test Results
Authors: Kroll Dan
Published: June 2017

Water quality is often tested in the field to meet federal, state, and local requirements as well as for process control and emergency response. Using established guidelines can improve field analysis results.
Arizona Investigates Emerging Contaminants
Authors: Baggiore Trevor
Published: June 2017

The universe of emerging contaminants is extensive and continuously changing as new contaminants are identified and new information is gathered about existing contaminants. The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has spent years assessing how such contaminants affect Arizona's waters.
Assess Operations to Control DBP Formation
Authors: Martin Barb
Published: June 2017

Assess your utility's disinfection by‐product (DBP) formation risk to better control DBPs and limit your distribution system's DBP concentrations.
Revenant modernisms and the recurrence of Literary History
Authors: Schultz Matthew
Published: June 2017

This essay suggests that literary production post-postmodernism has not progressed to something new, but rather has returned to quintessentially modernist anxieties and modes of expression––especially renewed faith in grand narratives. The argument draws upon and coalesces two theoretical texts to help identify what I term ‘revenant modernism’ as a “symbolic space” (Flatley, 2008: 32) where a sort of “secular re-enchantment” (Landy & Saler, 2009: 2) remains possible: Jonathan Flatley’s Affective mapping: Melancholia and the politics of modernism (2008) and The re-enchantment of the world: Secular magic in a rational age (2009) by Joshua Landy and Michael Saler. I then examine two recent novels––Will Self’s Umbrella (2012) and Eimear McBride’s A girl is a half-formed thing (2014)––as evidence of this return. Along the way, I tie both of these novels back to their stated modernist influence (James Joyce’s Ulysses [1993]) in order to show how Self and McBride’s fiction borrows from Joyce’s particular brand of postcolonial modernism.
Human embryonic lung epithelial tips are multipotent progenitors that can be expanded in vitro as long-term self-renewing organoids
Authors: Nikolić Marko Z , Caritg Oriol , Jeng Quitz , Johnson Jo-Anne , Sun Dawei , Howell Kate J , Brady Jane L , Laresgoiti Usua , Allen George , Butler Richard , Zilbauer Matthias , Giangreco Adam , Rawlins Emma L
Published: June 2017

The embryonic mouse lung is a widely used substitute for human lung development. For example, attempts to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells to lung epithelium rely on passing through progenitor states that have only been described in mouse. The tip epithelium of the branching mouse lung is a multipotent progenitor pool that self-renews and produces differentiating descendants. We hypothesized that the human distal tip epithelium is an analogous progenitor population and tested this by examining morphology, gene expression and in vitro self-renewal and differentiation capacity of human tips. These experiments confirm that human and mouse tips are analogous and identify signalling pathways that are sufficient for long-term self-renewal of human tips as differentiation-competent organoids. Moreover, we identify mouse-human differences, including markers that define progenitor states and signalling requirements for long-term self-renewal. Our organoid system provides a genetically-tractable tool that will allow these human-specific features of lung development to be investigated.
Construction, internal validation and implementation in a mobile application of a scoring system to predict nonadherence to proton pump inhibitors
Authors: Mares-García Emma , Palazón-Bru Antonio , Folgado-de la Rosa David Manuel , Pereira-Expósito Avelino , Martínez-Martín Álvaro , Cortés-Castell Ernesto , Gil-Guillén Vicente Francisco
Published: June 2017

Background

Other studies have assessed nonadherence to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), but none has developed a screening test for its detection.

Objectives

To construct and internally validate a predictive model for nonadherence to PPIs.

Methods

This prospective observational study with a one-month follow-up was carried out in 2013 in Spain, and included 302 patients with a prescription for PPIs. The primary variable was nonadherence to PPIs (pill count). Secondary variables were gender, age, antidepressants, type of PPI, non-guideline-recommended prescription (NGRP) of PPIs, and total number of drugs. With the secondary variables, a binary logistic regression model to predict nonadherence was constructed and adapted to a points system. The ROC curve, with its area (AUC), was calculated and the optimal cut-off point was established. The points system was internally validated through 1,000 bootstrap samples and implemented in a mobile application (Android).

Results

The points system had three prognostic variables: total number of drugs, NGRP of PPIs, and antidepressants. The AUC was 0.87 (95% CI [0.83–0.91], p < 0.001). The test yielded a sensitivity of 0.80 (95% CI [0.70–0.87]) and a specificity of 0.82 (95% CI [0.76–0.87]). The three parameters were very similar in the bootstrap validation.

Conclusions

A points system to predict nonadherence to PPIs has been constructed, internally validated and implemented in a mobile application. Provided similar results are obtained in external validation studies, we will have a screening tool to detect nonadherence to PPIs.
Movements and use of space by Mangrove Cuckoos (Coccyzus minor) in Florida, USA
Authors: Lloyd John David
Published: June 2017

I used radio-telemetry to track the movements of Mangrove Cuckoos (Coccyzus minor) captured in southwest Florida. Relatively little is known about the natural history of Mangrove Cuckoos, and my goal was to provide an initial description of how individuals use space, with a focus on the size and placement of home ranges. I captured and affixed VHF radio-transmitters to 32 individuals between 2012 and 2015, and obtained a sufficient number of relocations from 16 of them to estimate home-range boundaries and describe patterns of movement. Home-range area varied widely among individuals, but in general was roughly four times larger than expected based on the body size of Mangrove Cuckoos. The median core area (50% isopleth) of a home range was 42 ha (range: 9–91 ha), and the median overall home range (90% isopleth) was 128 ha (range: 28–319 ha). The median distance between estimated locations recorded on subsequent days was 298 m (95% CI [187 m–409 m]), but variation within and among individuals was substantial, and it was not uncommon to relocate individuals >1 km from their location on the previous day. Site fidelity by individual birds was low; although Mangrove Cuckoos were present year-round within the study area, I did not observe any individuals that remained on a single home range throughout the year. Although individual birds showed no evidence of avoiding anthropogenic edges, they did not incorporate developed areas into their daily movements and home ranges consisted almost entirely of mangrove forest. The persistence of the species in the study area depended on a network of conserved lands–mostly public, but some privately conserved land as well–because large patches of mangrove forest did not occur on tracts left unprotected from development.
RESULTS OF THE WARTIME HISTORICAL AND NORMAL MAP PROGRAM
Authors: Wexler H. , Tepper M.
Published: June 2017

The practically global extent of World War II created a need for world weather information more pronounced than in any former period. Insufficient knowledge of weather in remote places, inadequate data on diverse weather elements, and lack of information about conditions extending into the stratosphere, led to the initiation of many projects involving the plotting, analyzing, and drawing of thousands of weather maps and charts. This material proved to be valuable in providing guides to characteristic weather patterns which many meteorologists used in making difficult forecasts for military and transport operations in unfamiliar regions.
ESTIMATING QUANTITIES OF SEDIMENT SUPPLIED BY STREAMS TO A COAST
Authors: Einstein Hans Albert
Published: June 2017

Most beaches which are in equilibrium depend for their maintenance upon a continuous supply of sediment. This supply rate has been estimated for instance for the beach at Santa Barbara to be of the order of magnitude of 350,000 cu. yards of sand per year (Johnson, 1948). As long as this supply rate prevails no accumulation of sand occurs on the beach. The sand must, therefore, be used up at the beach either by wear or by transport along the beach and, eventually, by deposition into some deeper water. A continual supply of that order of magnitude very rarely becomes available at the shore itself by wave erosion; instead the bulk of supply of sand to beaches usually is derived by rivers. The appraisal of the different river channels for their sediment supply to the beaches near their mouth becomes thus a major factor in the maintenance work of many beaches.
FACTORS INFLUENCING AND LIMITING THE LOCATION OF SEWER OCEAN OUTFALLS
Authors: Rawn A. M. , Bowerman F. R.
Published: June 2017

A sewer outfall, or as it is commonly called and will be hereinafter termed, an ocean outfall, is customarily a pipe line extending seaward from the shore and designed to convey sewage and industrial wastes, treated or otherwise, to such a location offshore as is hoped, or expected, will prevent contamination of the nearby littoral waters, protect recreational facilities in the vicinity, and result in a disposal of the contaminating wastes without nuisance or menace to public health. Protection of aquatic life is at times the most important consideration. Unless the cost of construction is very great or the ocean outfall rests upon a physically insecure or inadequate foundation, this method of final disposal of sewage and industrial waste is probably the most economical to be found because the ocean water and its dissolved components, together with certain microscopic and macroscopic marine life, are able to complete the destruction of even the most noxious wastes without difficulty if afforded the properly controlled opportunity. Thus, the presence of the ocean in or near the "front yard" of a municipality offers an almost irresistible temptation to dispose therein of the sewage of the community.
HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES HARBOR
Authors: McOuat H. W.
Published: June 2017

The writer wonders if the person who assigned the subject of "History of Los Angeles Harbor" was aware that the conference was to be held in the Long Beach Municipal Auditorium. This latter city also has a harbor, the development of which is now so interwoven with that of Los Angeles that the Corps of Engineers in many official papers refers to "Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors, California." In the evolution of this large, modern, combined harbor with its present friendly internal rivalry, it has been designated by a number of names. Cabrillo in 1542 called the place "Bahia de los Humos." On the charts Vizcaino, 1602-1603, it appears as "Ensenada de San Andres." In 1734, the Spanish Admiral Gonzales gave it the name San Pedro, which still applies to the bay as a whole and to the community along the westerly side of the harbor.
THE TRANSFORMATION OF WAVES IN SHALLOW WATER
Authors: Mason Martin A.
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this paper is to summarize existing knowledge of the processes involved in the movement of progressive oscillatory waves through shallow water and the fundamental principles controlling these processes. Variations in wave characteristics and their physical significance will be discussed as well as agreement between theory and observation. The application of available knowledge to engineering problems is treated in the following chapters.
WAVE FORECASTING AND HINDCASTING
Authors: Arthur Robert S.
Published: June 2017

As a result of wartime research on ocean surface waves a method has been available since 1943 for the prediction of wave characteristics of interest to engineers (O'Brien and Johnson, 1947). The initial stimulus for the development came during the planning of the invasion of North Africa, and the methods subsequently devised were later used in a number of amphibious operations (Bates, 1949). The same techniques have found useful peacetime application in problems connected with coastal engineering. Much of the application to date has consisted in applying wave prediction techniques to historical rather than current meteorological data, hence the term "wave hindcasting."
EROSION ALONG THE ILLINOIS SHORE OF LAKE MICHIGAN
Authors: Casey Thomas B.
Published: June 2017

In the consideration of problems of coastal engineering in general, and of shore and beach erosion in particular, one is quite naturally apt to immediately focus attention upon our ocean shores to the exclusion of inland areas. Many are perhaps not appreciative of the fact that the five inland fresh-water lakes comprising the Great Lakes system are bordered by eight states having a combined length of shore line of approximately 3,000 miles. (See Fig. 1) Only in recent years has there been a general awakening of interest in the many and varied problems of erosion which occur along these inland coasts. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the problems existing on the Illinois shore and to outline the steps which have been taken at the State level in seeking a solution to those problems.
ECONOMICS OF COASTAL STRUCTURES
Authors: Gesler E. E.
Published: June 2017

The engineer is constantly called upon to make an economic analysis of proposed engineering works. His analysis is just as trustworthy as his base information. In some cases experience and knowledge are so complete that an estimate can be accepted with assurance of great accuracy. The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the factors involved in making an economic analysis of coastal structures.
CURRENTS IN THE SURF ZONE
Authors: Inman D. L. , Quinn W. H.
Published: June 2017

Surface and bottom currents in the surf zone were measured at 15 equally spaced points along two straight beaches with approximately parallel bottom contours. The measurements showed that offshore currents predominate over onshore currents at the bottom, while at the surface there is a slight predominance in the onshore direction. With regard to the longshore component, it was found that surface and bottom currents have a similar velocity distribution. The variability of the longshore component as measured by its standard deviation is equal to or larger than the mean longshore velocity. This wide variation in longshore currents indicates the impracticability of estimating the mean velocity from a single observation of longshore current. It was found that the momentum approach to the prediction of longshore currents by Putnam, Munk and Traylor (1949) leads to useful forecasts provided the beach friction coefficient k is permitted to vary with the longshore velocity, V. The indicated relation is k~v^(-3/2).
CHANGES IN SEA LEVEL DETERMINED FROM TIDE OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Marmer H. A.
Published: June 2017

Heights on land as well as depths in the sea are measured with reference to the surface of the sea or sea level. But the level of the sea is constantly changing under the influence of the rise and fall of the tide and of varying meteorological conditions. For that reason use is made of an average level called mean sea level, this datum being derived from tide observations.
ACTION OF MARINE BORERS AND PROTECTIVE MEASURES AGAINST ATTACK
Authors: Horonjeff R. , Patrick D. A.
Published: June 2017

A major concern to engineers engaged in the design of timber harbor structures is protection against marine borers. These pests can severely damage these structures in a relatively short time. Attack is concentrated on submerged timbers in the area between the mudline and the water surface. The intensity of attack is dependent on a number of environmental conditions. The most destructive and widely distributed borers are the Teredinidae and the Limnoria. Some forms of borers exist in all oceans. This paper describes the manner in which the borers destroy timber. It summarizes information gathered by various investigators on the conditions which have bearing on the presence of borers and the factors governing rate of destruction. Several methods of protecting timber structures from infestation are described and the costs compared.
WAVES AND BREAKERS IN SHOALING WATER
Authors: Iversen H. W.
Published: June 2017

Wiegel and Johnson (1950) summarized useable wave theories for deep and shallow water. Mason (1950) discussed waves in shoaling water and compared theoretical predictions with measurements. The theories are shown to apply, within practical limits, to periodic systems of deep water waves, and to periodic waves progressing over a shoaling bottom to wave positions near the breaking point.

Near and at the breaking position the wave features are not predicted from theory with desired accuracies and measured characteristics are used to describe breakers. The available measurements are limited and do not show the effects of variables such as the beach slope.

Recent work at the University of California has resulted in information on the limits of applicability of the linearized wave theories as applied to wave transformation in shoaling water, and on breaker shapes and motion; including the effect of beach slope.
MEASURES AGAINST EROSION AT GROINS AND JETTIES
Authors: Brunn Per
Published: June 2017

One of the difficult problems on a littoral drift coast is the erosion on the leeside of groins and jetties. This paper will deal with the problem giving special consideration to the conditions on the Danish North Sea coast where many interesting problems of littoral drift and coastal protection are found. They are discussed as an introduction to the main part of the paper which is principally concerned with leeside erosion and measures for its prevention.