bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Cusp Between Dendritic and Supermolecular Architectures in Self‐Organizing Liquid Crystals
Authors: Sia Susan , Saez Isabel M. , Cowling Stephen J. , Goodby John W.
Published: May 2023

Liquid Crystals are thought of as being complex fluids, underpinned by self‐assembly and self‐organisation within partially ordered fluids, and which sit between solid and liquid states of matter. The realm of the field stretches from low molar mass to polymeric materials, from organic to inorganic substances, and from being functional materials to biological organelles. In this article, we explore the cusp of the change over from nano‐ to macro‐sciences through the formation of ‘supermolecular’ systems, and we debate if such materials are in fact oligomers or materials having giant molecules possessing discrete chemical constitutions? We performed this investigation by synthesising mesogenic materials based upon difluoroterphenyls, terminally substituted with a chiral motif based on (S)‐2‐octanol, and which could be appended onto a variety of siloxane scaffolds. We studied the structures and properties of six mesomorphic materials in which we systematically increased the number of mesogenic units attached to the scaffold.
Do project quality and founder information signals always matter? Evidence from equity and reward crowdfunding
Authors: Huang Xiaohong , Kabir Rezaul , Nguyen Thuy Ngoc
Published: May 2023

This study provides a comparative analysis of the success factors of equity and reward‐based crowdfunding. We find that information signals related to venture/project quality are important determinants of both equity‐based and reward‐based crowdfunding success. However, signals on founder information matter only for equity‐based but not for reward‐based crowdfunding. Our study exemplifies the varying role of success factors that depend on the type of crowdfunding projects and provides a basis for further research to compare different forms of crowdfunding.
Design and analysis of a super compact UWB antenna for accurate detection of breast tumors using monostatic radar‐based microwave imaging technique
Authors: Grover Priyanka , Singh Hari Shankar , Sahu Sanjay Kumar
Published: May 2023

This article proposes a low‐profile ultra‐wideband (UWB) antenna for breast tumor detection using the monostatic radar‐based microwave imaging (RBMI) technique. The proposed UWB antenna consists of a circular patch and ground plane along with a modified tapered feed line having a total size of 13 × 9 × 1.6 mm3. The designed antenna operates from 4 to 11 GHz based on a −10 dB reflection coefficient with a peak gain of 9.5 dBi at 4.8 GHz. Experimental validation is carried out after fabricating the prototype of the UWB antenna and the breast mimic. The measured backscattered signals are captured using the vector network analyzer (E‐5063A) by keeping the antenna at 10 mm from the breast phantom. After that, post‐processing of the measured data is done to detect the exact depth and location of the malignant tissue. The proposed antenna uses UWB band frequency of operation because it has some unique features, that is, it provides immunity to multipath fading, has a simple design, has a low cost of fabrication, and has biological friendliness. Moreover, due to the proposed antenna's resonance at a lower resonant frequency better depth of penetration is achieved in human body phantoms and the proposed antenna provides specific absorption rates (SAR) of 0.877 W/kg over 1 g of tissue at 4.8 GHz, which is an acceptable limit for SAR as per FCC guidelines. Therefore, the proposed antenna and monostatic RBMI technique are good candidates for breast tumor detection.
Modelling reference evapotranspiration using principal component analysis and machine learning methods under different climatic environments
Authors: Raza Ali , Saber Kouadri , Hu Yongguang , L. Ray Ram , Ziya Kaya Yunus , Dehghanisanij Hossein , Kisi Ozgur , Elbeltagi Ahmed
Published: May 2023

Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is a complex process in the hydrologic cycle that influences several hydrologic parameters. Although several methods have been developed to model ETo, a reliable method that can use limited climatic input parameters for data‐limited regions is still limited. This study evaluated four machine learning (ML) methods: M5 pruned (M5P) tree, sequential minimal optimization (SMO), radial basis function neural regression (RBFNreg) and multilinear regression (MLR). The major objective of this study was to identify the best approach to estimate ETo with minimum input data in five stations (Multan, Jacobabad, Faisalabad, Islamabad and Skardu) located in Pakistan. The datasets of these stations comprised maximum and minimum temperatures (Tmax, Tmin), average relative humidity (RHavg), average wind speed (Ux), and sunshine hours (n) variables. Two scenarios were used for ETo modelling. In the first scenario, five climatic variables were used as inputs to estimate ETo as obtaining full climatic parameters is the biggest challenge in developing countries. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used as a clustering technique in the second scenario to reduce the climatic input parameters. The PCA results indicated that Tmax, Tmin and n were identified as effective inputs for ETo estimation. Based on statistical indicators, the M5P tree outperformed the other applied ML methods in estimating ETo under various climatic environments. This study recommends focusing on areas with high ETo values and adequate irrigation scheduling of crops to achieve water sustainability.
Nowcasting from cross‐sectionally dependent panels
Authors: Fosten Jack , Nandi Shaoni
Published: May 2023

This paper builds a mixed‐frequency panel data model for nowcasting economic variables across many countries. The model extends the mixed‐frequency panel vector autoregression (MF‐PVAR) to allow for heterogeneous coefficients and a multifactor error structure to model cross‐sectional dependence. We propose a modified common correlated effects (CCE) estimation technique which performs well in simulations. The model is applied in two distinct settings: nowcasting gross domestic product (GDP) growth for a pool of advanced and emerging economies and nowcasting inflation across many European countries. Our method is capable of beating standard benchmark models and can produce updated nowcasts whenever data releases occur in any country in the panel.
miR‐136‐5p/FZD4 axis is critical for Wnt signaling‐mediated myogenesis and skeletal muscle regeneration
Authors: Zhang Donghao , Yin Lingqian , Lin Zhongzhen , Yu Chunlin , Li Jingjing , Ren Peng , Yang Chaowu , Qiu Mohan , Liu Yiping
Published: May 2023

Skeletal muscle can undergo a regenerative process in response to injury or disease to maintain muscle quality and function. Myogenesis depends on the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts, and miRNAs can maintain the balance between them by precisely regulating many key factors in the myogenic network. Here, we found that miR‐136‐5p was significantly upregulated during the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 cells. We demonstrate that miR‐136‐5p acts as a myogenic negative regulator during the development of mouse C2C12 myoblasts. In terms of mechanism, miR‐136‐5p inhibits the formation of β‐catenin/LEF/TCF DNA‐binding factor transcriptional regulatory complex by targeting FZD4, a gating protein in the Wnt signaling pathway, thereby enhancing downstream myogenic factors and finally promoting myoblast proliferation and differentiation. In addition, in BaCl2‐induced muscle injury mouse model, miR‐136‐5p knockdown accelerated the regeneration of skeletal muscle after injury, and further led to the improvement of gastrocnemius muscle mass and muscle fiber diameter, while being suppressed by shFZD4 lentivirus infection. In summary, these results demonstrate the essential role of miR‐136‐5p/FZD4 axis in skeletal muscle regeneration. Given the conservation of miR‐136‐5p among species, miR‐136‐5p may be a new target for treating human skeletal muscle injury and improving the production of animal meat products.
Development, reach, acceptability and associated clinical changes of a group intervention to improve caregiver‐adolescent relationships in the context of adolescent depression
Authors: Aitken Madison , Sagar Ameeta , Courtney Darren , Szatmari Peter
Published: May 2023

Background

Adolescents with depression often experience relationship problems with their caregivers, which predict poorer treatment outcomes. Personalising interventions by targeting factors associated with poor treatment outcomes may enhance the effectiveness of interventions. We report the development and initial evaluation of an intervention designed to target caregiver‐adolescent relationship problems in the context of adolescent depression.

Methods

Following a literature search to identify established caregiver interventions, we developed a new group intervention for caregivers through an iterative process including six rounds of the group with n = 53 caregivers of adolescents age 13–18 in the context of an integrated care pathway for adolescent depression. Caregivers rated their family functioning at the beginning and end of the program and provided anonymous satisfaction ratings. Enrolment and attendance data were examined. Youth with lived experience of depression and their caregivers provided input that was incorporated in the final version of the intervention.

Results

The final intervention consists of 8 weekly, 1.5 h group sessions, delivered face‐to‐face, addressing: psychoeducation, the cognitive‐behavioural model and caregiving, positive caregiving, listening and validation, expressing emotions effectively, and problem solving. Reach (56%), attendance (M = 63%, SD = 31%), and satisfaction (M = 92%; SD = 7%) supported the feasibility of the program. Caregivers reported significant improvements in family functioning, t(21) = 2.68, p = .014, dz = 0.56 [95% CI 0.11–1.0].

Discussion

A group intervention is acceptable to caregivers of adolescents with depression and may be associated with improved family functioning. Further research is needed, including a randomised controlled trial to test effects of the intervention on various dimensions of the caregiver‐youth relationship and on youth depression outcomes.
Detection of Treatment Response in Triple‐Negative Breast Tumors to Paclitaxel Using MRI Cell Size Imaging
Authors: Jiang Xiaoyu , McKinley Eliot T. , Xie Jingping , Gore John C. , Xu Junzhong
Published: May 2023

Background

Breast cancer treatment response evaluation using the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) guidelines, based on tumor volume changes, has limitations, prompting interest in novel imaging markers for accurate therapeutic effect determination.

Purpose

To use MRI‐measured cell size as a new imaging biomarker for assessing chemotherapy response in breast cancer.

Study Type

Longitudinal; animal model.

Study Population

Triple‐negative human breast cancer cell (MDA‐MB‐231) pellets (4 groups, n = 7) treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or 10 nM of paclitaxel for 24, 48, and 96 hours, and 29 mice with MDA‐MB‐231 tumors in right hind limbs treated with paclitaxel (n = 16) or DMSO (n = 13) twice weekly for 3 weeks.

Field Strength/Sequence

Oscillating gradient spin echo and pulsed gradient spin echo sequences at 4.7 T.

Assessment

MDA‐MB‐231 cells were analyzed using flowcytometry and light microscopy to assess cell cycle phases and cell size distribution. MDA‐MB‐231 cell pellets were MR imaged. Mice were imaged weekly, with 9, 6, and 14 being sacrificed for histology after MRI at weeks 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Microstructural parameters of tumors/cell pellets were derived by fitting diffusion MRI data to a biophysical model.

Statistical Tests

One‐way ANOVA compared cell sizes and MR‐derived parameters between treated and control samples. Repeated measures 2‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni post‐tests compared temporal changes in MR‐derived parameters. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

In vitro experiments showed that the mean MR‐derived cell sizes of paclitaxel‐treated cells increased significantly with a 24‐hours treatment and decreased (P = 0.06) with a 96‐hour treatment. For in vivo xenograft experiments, the paclitaxel‐treated tumors showed significant decreases in cell size at later weeks. MRI observations were supported by flowcytometry, light microscopy, and histology.

Data Conclusions

MR‐derived cell size may characterize the cell shrinkage during treatment‐induced apoptosis, and may potentially provide new insights into the assessment of therapeutic response.

Level of Evidence

2

Technical Efficacy Stage

4.
Clinical effectiveness of nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir in patients with COVID‐19 and substance use disorders based on real‐world data
Authors: Liu Ting‐Hui , Huang Po‐Yu , Wu Jheng‐Yan , Chuang Min‐Hsiang , Hsu Wan‐Hsuan , Tsai Ya‐Wen , Chang Chih‐Cheng , Lai Chih‐Cheng
Published: May 2023

This study assessed the clinical efficacy of nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir (NMV‐r) in treating patients with coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) and substance use disorders (SUDs). This study included two cohorts: the first examined patients with SUDs, with and without a prescription for NMV‐r, while the second compared patients prescribed with NMV‐r, with and without a diagnosis of SUDs. SUDs were defined using ICD‐10 codes, related to SUDs, including alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, opioid, and tobacco use disorders (TUD). Patients with underlying SUDs and COVID‐19 were identified using the TriNetX network. We used 1:1 propensity score matching to create balanced groups. The primary outcome of interest was the composite outcome of all‐cause hospitalization or death within 30 days. Propensity score matching yielded two matched groups of 10 601 patients each. The results showed that the use of NMV‐r was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization or death, 30 days after COVID‐19 diagnosis (hazard ratio (HR), 0.640; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.543–0.754), as well as a lower risk of all‐cause hospitalization (HR, 0.699; 95% CI: 0.592–0.826) and all‐cause death (HR, 0.084; 95% CI: 0.026–0.273). However, patients with SUDs had a higher risk of hospitalized or death within 30 days of COVID‐19 diagnosis than those without SUDs, even with the use of NMV‐r (HR, 1.783; 95% CI: 1.399–2.271). The study also found that patients with SUDs had a higher prevalence of comorbidities and adverse socioeconomic determinants of health than those without SUDs. Subgroup analysis showed that the benefits of NMV‐r were consistent across most subgroups with different characteristics, including age (patients aged ≥60 years [HR, 0.507; 95% CI: 0.402–0.640]), sex (women [HR, 0.636; 95% CI: 0.517–0.783] and men [HR, 0.480; 95% CI: 0.373–0.618]), vaccine status (vaccinated <2 doses [HR, 0.514; 95% CI: 0.435–0.608]), SUD subtypes (alcohol use disorder [HR, 0.711; 95% CI: 0.511– 0.988], TUD [HR, 0.666; 95% CI: 0.555–0.800]) and Omicron wave (HR, 0.624; 95% CI: 0.536–0.726). Our findings indicate that NMV‐r could reduce all‐cause hospitalization and death in the treatment of COVID‐19 among patients with SUDs and support the use of NMV‐r for treating patients with SUDs and COVID‐19.
Comparison of the immunogenicity of nasal‐spray rVSV vector, adenovirus vector, and inactivated COVID‐19‐based vaccines in rodent models
Authors: Zhang Yuhang , Liu Jiandong , Li Hongyue , Yuan Fei , Jiang Congli , Cang Tianle , Li Kelei , Hu Qiang , Liu Jiankai , Zheng Aihua
Published: May 2023

Intranasal (i.n.) vaccines can induce mucosal and systemic immunity against respiratory pathogens. Previously, we demonstrated that the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV)‐based COVID‐19 vaccine rVSV‐SARS‐CoV‐2, with poor immunogenicity via the intramuscular route (i.m.), is more suitable for i.n. administration in mice and nonhuman primates. Here, we found that the rVSV‐SARS‐CoV‐2 Beta variant was more immunogenic than the wild‐type strain and other variants of concern (VOCs) in golden Syrian hamsters. Furthermore, the immune responses elicited by rVSV‐based vaccine candidates via the i.n. route were significantly higher than those of two licensed vaccines: the inactivated vaccine KCONVAC delivered via the i.m. route and the adenovirus‐based Vaxzevria delivered i.n. or i.m. We next assessed the booster efficacy of rVSV following two i.m. doses of KCONVAC. Twenty‐eight days after receiving two i.m. doses of KCONVAC, hamsters were boosted with a third dose of KCONVAC (i.m.), Vaxzevria (i.m. or i.n.), or rVSVs (i.n.). Consistent with other heterologous booster studies, Vaxzevria and rVSV elicited significantly higher humoral immunity than the homogenous KCONVAC. In summary, our results confirmed that two i.n. doses of rVSV‐Beta elicited significantly higher humoral immune responses than commercial inactivated and adeno‐based COVID vaccines in hamsters. As a heterologous booster dose, rVSV‐Beta induced potent, persistent, and broad‐spectrum humoral and mucosal neutralizing responses against all VOCs, highlighting its potential to be developed into a nasal‐spray vaccine.
Inferences of the ecological habits of extinct giant sloths from the Brazilian Intertropical Region
Authors: Santos Adaiana Marta Andrade , Mcdonald H. Gregory , Dantas Mário André Trindade
Published: May 2023

Three indices estimated from measurements of the humerus and ulna were used to suggest possible ecological habits of eight extinct giant sloths from the Late Pleistocene of the Brazilian Intertropical Region. To make these inferences, data from extant primates and xenarthras representing suspensory, climbing and digging forms were compared. The results indicate niche differentiation existed between these species; Ahytherium aureum, Australonyx aquae and Nothrotherium maquinense could have been climbers, Catonyx cuvieri, Ocnotherium giganteum and Glossotherium phoenesis were diggers, while Valgipes bucklandi and Eremotherium laurillardi were strictly terrestrial in their habits. These results suggest a general pattern in which members of the Megalonychidae and Nothotheriidae were mainly climbers, whereas mylodontines were mainly diggers, and scelidotheres were strictly terrestrial along with members of the giant Megatheriidae.
Effects of different food ingredients and additives on the digestibility of extruded and roller‐dried maize starch and its application in low glycemic index nutritional formula powder
Authors: Cheng Yong , Chen Qiuming , Wang Zhaojun , Zeng Maomao , Qin Fang , Chen Jie , He Zhiyong
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Complex interactions that occur among starch, protein, and fat during food processing affect the taste, texture, and digestibility of starch‐based food. The physicochemical properties of starch, in particular its slow digestibility, are greatly influenced by processing techniques such as extrusion and roller‐drying. This study investigated the effects of various food ingredients and additives on the digestion properties of maize starch treated with extrusion and roller drying. It designed a nutritional formula to develop low glycemic index products.

RESULTS

The extruded group containing raw maize starch, soybean protein isolate, soybean oil, lecithin and microcrystalline cellulose in the ratio of 580:250:58:20:3 had the best slow digestion properties. Nutritional formulas were designed at the above ratio, with supplements including calcium casein peptide, multi‐vitamins, sodium ascorbate, fructooligosaccharides, xylitol, and peanut meal. The sample containing 10% peanut meal and a 1:3 ratio of fructooligosaccharides and xylitol additions obtained the highest sensory evaluation scores. An obvious slow digestion effect was observed in samples produced from the optimal formula.

CONCLUSION

The results of the present study could contribute to the development and production of a low glycemic index, nutritional powder. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Dissipation, residue distribution, and risk assessment of ethiprole and its metabolites in rice under various open field conditions
Authors: Dong Bizhang , Hu Jiye
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Ethiprole has been registered to control planthoppers in rice fields for many years in Asia. However, its dissipation and residues in rice under natural field conditions and health hazards are largely unclear. In the present study, a modified QuEChERS (i.e. Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe) and high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method was established to detect ethiprole and its metabolites, ethiprole amide and ethiprole sulfone, in brown rice, rice husks, and rice straw. The field experiments were implemented in 12 representative provinces of China under Good Agricultural Practices aiming to investigate the fate and terminal residues of ethiprole and its metabolites in rice. Finally, the dietary risk of ethiprole was evaluated.

RESULTS

The average recoveries of these analytes in all matrices were 86.4–99.0% with a repeatability of 0.575–9.38%. The limits of quantification for each compound were 0.01 mg kg−1. Dissipation of ethiprole followed the single first‐order, first + first‐order, and first‐order multi‐compartment kinetic models with a half‐life of 2.68–8.99 days in rice husks. The dissipation half‐life of ethiprole combining all metabolites was 5.20–16.2 days in rice husks. The terminal residues of ethiprole and its metabolites at preharvest intervals of 21 days were < 0.011, 0.25, and 0.20 mg kg−1 in brown rice, rice husks, and rice straw, respectively. Ethiprole amide was undetectable in all matrices, and the risk quotient of ethiprole was far less than 100%.

CONCLUSION

Ethiprole rapidly converted to ethiprole sulfone in rice, and ethiprole and ethiprole sulfone mainly remained in rice husks and straws. The dietary risk of ethiprole was acceptable for Chinese consumers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Trauma and mental health among North Korean refugees living in South Korea: The role of acculturative stress
Authors: Choi Yuni A. , Park Soim , Lee Hayoung , Cha Jiho , Surkan Pamela J.
Published: May 2023

The psychological impact of indirect trauma is unknown among North Korean (NK) refugees. We aimed to investigate the effects of direct and indirect trauma on the mental health of NK refugees in South Korea and evaluate the potential moderating effect of acculturative stress in this association. Using respondent‐driven sampling, we recruited 323 NK refugees for this retrospective study. We measured exposure to direct and indirect trauma as independent variables, and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and symptoms of depression and anxiety as dependent variables. After implementing multivariate imputation using chained equations, the associations between trauma type and psychological outcomes were assessed using ordinary least squares regression analyses, controlling for demographic covariates; the potential effect modification of acculturative stress was studied by adding an interaction term to the analyses. PTSS and symptoms of depression and anxiety were significantly associated with exposure to both direct, Bs = 0.24, 0.16, 0.19, respectively, p < .001s, and indirect trauma, Bs = 0.13, 0.08, 0.07, respectively, ps < .001. Although we did not observe significant effect modification, the magnitude of association between indirect trauma and PTSS significantly differed between the high, B = 0.18, p < .001, and low acculturative stress groups, B = 0.08, p = .024. These findings suggest that indirect trauma is associated with a more severe mental health consequence among NK refugees who experience high acculturative stress. Efforts to mitigate acculturative stress may reduce the mental health consequences of indirect trauma exposure.
Analysis of the kinetic growth of an electrochemically formed bronze patina using the layer‐pore resistance model
Authors: Gonzalez‐Parra Rafael , Bañuelos Guadalupe , Covelo‐Villar Alba , Hernández‐Gallegos Miguel A.
Published: May 2023

The growth of patinas on artistic or archeological copper alloys is a determining stage to reproduce similar surface conditions such as corrosion protection of cultural heritage materials. In this work, the kinetic growth and protective properties of the corrosion products layer of a quaternary copper alloy have been characterized using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy‐EDS, atomic force microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The results of LSV show that the patina formation is a mixed process consisting of dissolution and direct film formation. EIS results show that the kinetic formation modifies the characteristics of the corrosion layer allowing a Warburg‐like diffusive mechanism or the response of a porous oxide layer without diffusive phenomena. The roughness and thickness of the patina enhance with the decrease in the scan rate. The patina is mainly composed of copper and tin corrosion products.
Antifouling Properties of Poly(2‐Oxazoline)s and Poly(2‐Oxazine)s: Direct Comparison of Polymer‐Coated Surfaces with the Same Coating Parameters
Authors: Svoboda Jan , Lusiani Niccolo , Sivkova Radoslava , Pop‐Georgievski Ognen , Sedlacek Ondrej
Published: May 2023

This study presents a systematic comparison of the antifouling properties of water‐soluble poly(2‐oxazoline) (PAOx) and poly(2‐oxazine) (PAOzi) brushes grafted to gold surfaces. PAOx and PAOzi are emerging polymer classes in biomedical sciences and are being considered superior alternatives to widely used polyethylene glycol (PEG). Four different polymers, poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PMeOx), poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PEtOx), poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazine) (PMeOzi), and poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazine) (PEtOzi), each of them in three different chain lengths, are synthesized and characterized for their antifouling properties. Results show that all polymer‐modified surfaces display better antifouling properties than bare gold surfaces as well as analogous PEG coatings. The antifouling properties increase in the following order: PEtOx < PMeOx ≈ PMeOzi < PEtOzi. The study suggests that the resistance to protein fouling derives from both surface hydrophilicity and the molecular structural flexibility of the polymer brushes. PEtOzi brushes with moderate hydrophilicity show the best antifouling performance, possibly due to their highest chain flexibility. Overall, the research contributes to the understanding of antifouling properties in PAOx and PAOzi polymers, with potential applications in various biomaterials.
Finite element based model for predicting induced residual stresses and cutting forces in AISI 1020 steel alloy
Authors: Bosire R. N. , Muvengei O. M. , Mutua J. M. , Kimotho J. K.
Published: May 2023

The application of finite element models is a promising method for ensuring part quality during machining to accurately predict induced residual stresses and cutting forces. The present study applied Analysis System software to formulate a 3D model to predict induced residual stress and forces for AISI 1020 alloy. Taguchi method was applied in the design of the experiment with three levels and three factors selected: Cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. For validation, stresses are measured using an x‐ray diffractometer from the surface to a depth of 0.6 mm in steps of 0.2 mm. The cutting forces are determined using a force dynamometer. Simulation results showed that cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut contributed 94.76 %, 0.048 %, and 0.11 % respectively. The predictive model equations were statistically significant with a p‐value of <0.005. The average induced residual stress on the superficial layer from the experiment and simulation were −367.7 MPa and −365.6 MPa respectively. The average residual stresses obtained at depths of 0.2 mm, 0.4 mm, and 0.6 mm were −260 MPa, −233 MPa, and −211 MPa, respectively. The proposed model offers a potential solution to reducing the costs of experimental methods.
Testing and modeling for the tensile strength of nylon badminton string at different processing conditions
Authors: Ji F.
Published: May 2023

Nylon is a thermoplastic engineering material widely used in several applications. But to increase the application of nylon in sports, the focus of this work was to optimize the tensile strength of nylon for badminton string. In particular, the testing conditions (temperature, relative humidity and tensile rate) were investigated. The results obtained showed that increasing the processing temperature and humidity both had a negative effect on tensile strength, while increasing the tensile rate had a positive effect. Then, a mathematical model to predict the tensile strength was established by using a response surface methodology and the optimal conditions were verified to validate the parameters. Furthermore, an analysis of variance was used to determine the significant effect of each term on the final response. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the optimum processing temperature is 2.9 °C with a relative humidity of 0 % when the tensile rate is 60 mm/min.
Investigating the mechanical properties of sisal/coconut palm hybrid fiber reinforced epoxy composite
Authors: Okpe P. C. , Folorunso O.
Published: May 2023

In this study, a facile hybridization of sisal/coconut palm reinforced epoxy composite, is presented. The fabrication method involved the use of hand lay‐up techniques. The results of the fabricated composites were investigated by using the universal testing machine, hardness testing machine, scanning electron microscope, and an impact testing machine. In order to obtain optimize results for the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths of the fabricated samples, the fabrication procedures involved varying the volume fractions of sisal and coconut palm hybrid with different compositions. The maximum tensile, flexural, and impact strengths measured for the fabricated fiber/polymer composite, are: 45 MPa, 90 MPa, and 38.9 kJ/m2. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x‐ray spectrometry (EDS) of the composites showed that the composites with equal volume fractions of sisal and coconut palm fiber exhibited better performance and better mechanical properties. Furthermore, the improved mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength were obtained with fibers of longer length. By considering the excellent mechanical properties of the fabricated composite, it is envisaged that the composite be suitable for the manufacturing of helmet, automobile and train coach interiors.
Deep drawing formability of AZ31 magnesium alloy based on magnetorheological elastomer support
Authors: Dai Y. , Fu Z. , Liu X.
Published: May 2023

In this paper, the flexible support mould is designed by using magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) to assist in the deep‐drawing of magnesium alloys. Based on the magnesium alloy mechanical tensile test and magnetorheological elastomer regular force experiments, the deep‐drawing process of AZ31 magnesium alloy supported by support mould was numerically simulated by finite‐element analysis software ABAQUS. By varying the current input to the excitation coil to change the magnetic induction intensity and thus adjust the magnetic normal force of the magnetorheological elastomer, then using magnetic normal force to complete the auxiliary sheet metal deep‐drawing. The results show that, compared with the unsupported mould, the supported mould can effectively reduce the maximum thinning rate of magnesium alloy on the original basis, thus effectively increasing the ultimate depth of magnesium alloy deep‐drawing. It can replace the original buffer device, effectively solution the problem of pulling and cracking at the bottom of magnesium alloy caused by the original excessive damping force, and improve the yield rate of workpiece.
Tribological behavior of sintered electrolytic iron‐zinc stearate added compacts
Authors: Kumar S. , Kumar S. R. , Vettivel S. C.
Published: May 2023

Powder metallurgy is an effective method to give near net shape to powder particles. In this paper, the influence of powder particle size, lubricant and compaction load on hardness and wear loss has been investigated as it influences the compact. Electrolytic iron powder (250 mesh to 300 mesh and 300 mesh to 350 mesh) with zinc stearate (0 weight % to 2 weight %) was used for preparing the samples. Green samples were prepared by cold compaction process at different loads (400 kN, 450 kN and 500 kN). Pre‐sintering was done at 550 °C. Taguchi′s (L18) mixed level model was used to develop the regression equation for hardness and wear loss. The maximum hardness of 79 HRB was achieved with 300 mesh to 350 mesh particle size and 500 kN compaction load. Minimum wear volume loss was observed with samples having composition of 250 mesh to 300 mesh size electrolytic iron powder at 500 kN compaction load and 1 weight % lubricant content.
Patterns of TDP‐43 Deposition in Brains with LRRK2 G2019S Mutations
Authors: Agin‐Liebes Julian , Hickman Richard A. , Vonsattel Jean Paul , Faust Phyllis L. , Flowers Xena , Utkina Sosunova Irina , Ntiri Joel , Mayeux Richard , Surface Matthew , Marder Karen , Fahn Stanley , Przedborski Serge , Alcalay Roy N.
Published: May 2023

Objective

To assess for TDP‐43 deposits in brains with and without a LRRK2 G2019S mutation.

Background

LRRK2 G2019S mutations have been associated with parkinsonism and a wide range of pathological findings. There are no systematic studies examining the frequency and extent of TDP‐43 deposits in neuropathological samples from LRRK2 G2019S carriers.

Methods

Twelve brains with LRRK2 G2019S mutations were available for study from the New York Brain Bank at Columbia University; 11 of them had samples available for TDP‐43 immunostaining. Clinical, demographic, and pathological data are reported for 11 brains with a LRRK2 G2019S mutation and compared to 11 brains without GBA1 or LRRK2 G2019S mutations with a pathologic diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) or diffuse Lewy body disease. They were frequency matched by age, gender, parkinsonism age of onset, and disease duration.

Results

TDP‐43 aggregates were present in 73% (n = 8) of brains with a LRRK2 mutation and 18% (n = 2) of brains without a LRRK2 mutation (P = 0.03). In one brain with a LRRK2 mutation, TDP‐43 proteinopathy was the primary neuropathological change.

Conclusions

Extranuclear TDP‐43 aggregates are observed with greater frequency in LRRK2 G2019S autopsies compared to PD cases without a LRRK2 G2019S mutation. The association between LRRK2 and TDP‐43 should be further explored. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
On the fractional‐order simplified Lorenz models: Dynamics, synchronization, and medical image encryption
Authors: Mahmoud Gamal M. , Khalaf Hesham , Darwish Mohamed M. , Abed‐Elhameed Tarek M.
Published: May 2023

This article discusses, for the first time as we know, the basic dynamics of commensurate and noncommensurate fractional‐order simplified Lorenz models, such as invariance, dissipation, stationary points, and the coexistence of chaotic attractors. These models have chaotic attractors and circles of stationary points. Our suggested models are derived from the Lorenz model, which appears in physics, engineering, and medicine (e.g., secure communications). Based on the tracking control method, we investigate a scheme for studying dual compound combination synchronization (DCCS) among 10 fractional‐order chaotic models. This kind of synchronization is a generalization of many other types in the literature. In order to achieve this type of synchronization, a theorem is established and proven to give us the analytical formula for the control functions. These analytical results are supported by numerical calculations. The encryption and decryption of medical image are presented based on DCCS of 10 fractional‐order chaotic models. Information entropy, correlation analysis between adjacent pixels, and histograms are computed together with the experimental results of medical image encryption.
CT‐based deep multi‐label learning prediction model for outcome in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ma Baoqiang , Guo Jiapan , Zhai Tian‐Tian , van der Schaaf Arjen , Steenbakkers Roel J. H. M. , van Dijk Lisanne V. , Both Stefan , Langendijk Johannes A. , Zhang Weichuan , Qiu Bingjiang , van Ooijen Peter M. A. , Sijtsema Nanna M.
Published: May 2023

Background

Personalized treatment is increasingly required for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients due to emerging new cancer subtypes and treatment options. Outcome prediction model can help identify low or high‐risk patients who may be suitable to receive de‐escalation or intensified treatment approaches.

Purpose

To develop a deep learning (DL)‐based model for predicting multiple and associated efficacy endpoints in OPSCC patients based on computed tomography (CT).

Methods

Two patient cohorts were used in this study: a development cohort consisting of 524 OPSCC patients (70% for training and 30% for independent testing) and an external test cohort of 396 patients. Pre‐treatment CT‐scans with the gross primary tumor volume contours (GTVt) and clinical parameters were available to predict endpoints, including 2‐year local control (LC), regional control (RC), locoregional control (LRC), distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), overall survival (OS), and disease‐free survival (DFS). We proposed DL outcome prediction models with the multi‐label learning (MLL) strategy that integrates the associations of different endpoints based on clinical factors and CT‐scans.

Results

The multi‐label learning models outperformed the models that were developed based on a single endpoint for all endpoints especially with high AUCs ≥ 0.80 for 2‐year RC, DMFS, DSS, OS, and DFS in the internal independent test set and for all endpoints except 2‐year LRC in the external test set. Furthermore, with the models developed, patients could be stratified into high and low‐risk groups that were significantly different for all endpoints in the internal test set and for all endpoints except DMFS in the external test set.

Conclusion

MLL models demonstrated better discriminative ability for all 2‐year efficacy endpoints than single outcome models in the internal test and for all endpoints except LRC in the external set.
Deep learning‐based markerless lung tumor tracking in stereotactic radiotherapy using Siamese networks
Authors: Grama Dragos , Dahele Max , van Rooij Ward , Slotman Ben , Gupta Deepak K. , Verbakel Wilko F. A. R.
Published: May 2023

Background

Radiotherapy (RT) is involved in about 50% of all cancer patients, making it a very important treatment modality. The most common type of RT is external beam RT, which consists of delivering the radiation to the tumor from outside the body. One novel treatment delivery method is volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), where the gantry continuously rotates around the patient during the radiation delivery.

Purpose

Accurate tumor position monitoring during stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for lung tumors can help to ensure that the tumor is only irradiated when it is inside the planning target volume. This can maximize tumor control and reduce uncertainty margins, lowering organ‐at‐risk dose. Conventional tracking methods are prone to errors, or have a low tracking rate, especially for small tumors that are in close vicinity to bony structures.

Methods

We investigated patient‐specific deep Siamese networks for real‐time tumor tracking, during VMAT. Due to lack of ground truth tumor locations in the kilovoltage (kV) images, each patient‐specific model was trained on synthetic data (DRRs), generated from the 4D planning CT scans, and evaluated on clinical data (x‐rays). Since there are no annotated datasets with kV images, we evaluated the model on a 3D printed anthropomorphic phantom but also on six patients by computing the correlation coefficient with the breathing‐related vertical displacement of the surface‐mounted marker (RPM). For each patient/phantom, we used 80% of DRRs for training and 20% for validation.

Results

The proposed Siamese model outperformed the conventional benchmark template matching‐based method (RTR): (1) when evaluating both methods on the 3D phantom, the Siamese model obtained a 0.57–0.79‐mm mean absolute distance to the ground truth tumor locations, compared to 1.04–1.56 mm obtained by RTR; (2) on patient data, the Siamese‐determined longitudinal tumor position had a correlation coefficient of 0.71–0.98 with the RPM, compared to 0.07–0.85 for RTR; (3) the Siamese model had a 100% tracking rate, compared to 62%–82% for RTR.

Conclusions

Based on these results, we argue that Siamese‐based real‐time 2D markerless tumor tracking during radiation delivery is possible. Further investigation and development of 3D tracking is warranted.
High resolution single‐shot myocardial imaging using bSSFP with wave encoding
Authors: Zhu Yanjie , Wang Che , Su Shi , Qiu Zhilang , Yan Zhonghong , Liang Dong , Wang Yining , Wang Haifeng
Published: May 2023

Background

Single‐shot balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) sequence is widely used in cardiac imaging. However, the limited scan time in one heartbeat greatly hinders its spatial resolution compared to the segmented acquisition mode. Therefore, a highly accelerated single‐shot bSSFP imaging technology is needed for clinical use.

Purpose

To develop and evaluate a wave‐encoded bSSFP sequence with high acceleration rates for single‐shot myocardial imaging.

Methods

The proposed Wave‐bSSFP method is implemented by adding a sinusoidal wave gradient in the phase encoding direction during the readout of bSSFP sequence. Uniform undersampling is used for acceleration. Its performance was first validated via phantom studies by comparison with conventional bSSFP. Then it was evaluated in volunteer studies via anatomical imaging, T2‐prepared bSSFP, and T1 mapping in in‐vivo cardiac imaging. All methods were compared with accelerated conventional bSSFP reconstructed using iterative SENSE and compressed sensing (CS), to demonstrate the advantage of wave encoding in suppressing the noise amplification and artifacts induced by acceleration.

Results

The proposed Wave‐bSSFP method achieved a high acceleration factor of 4 for single‐shot acquisitions. The proposed method showed lower average g‐factors than bSSFP, and fewer blurring artifacts than CS reconstruction. The Wave‐bSSFP with R = 4 achieved higher spatial and temporal resolutions compared with the conventional bSSFP with R = 2 in several applications such as T2‐prepared bSSFP and T1 mapping, and could be applied in systolic imaging.

Conclusion

Wave encoding can be used to highly accelerate 2D bSSFP imaging with single‐shot acquisitions. Compared with the conventional bSSFP sequence, the proposed Wave‐bSSFP method can effectively reduce the g‐factor and aliasing artifacts in cardiac imaging.
Influence of occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents on adverse pregnancy outcomes among nurses: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Shuhan , Huang Yanshan , Huang Hong , Hu Song , Zhong Xiao , Peng Ji , Zhang Xiaoming , Huang Xiaohong
Published: May 2023

Aim

This study aimed to explore the relationship between nurses' occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Design

Meta‐analysis.

Methods

Data were retrieved from studies published before April 2022 in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, the Web of Science, Embase databases, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), China Science and Technology Journal databases (VIP) and Wan Fang databases (WF). Stata MP (Version 17.0) was used to conduct this meta‐analysis.

Results

The current evidence shows that occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents increases nurses' risk of spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and congenital abnormalities. It is necessary to pay attention to occupational exposures caused by antineoplastic agents, especially for female nurses of reproductive age. Managers should take timely and effective countermeasures to ensure their occupational safety and reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Virtual element method for elliptic bulk‐surface PDEs in three space dimensions
Authors: Frittelli Massimo , Madzvamuse Anotida , Sgura Ivonne
Published: May 2023

In this work we present a novel bulk‐surface virtual element method (BSVEM) for the numerical approximation of elliptic bulk‐surface partial differential equations in three space dimensions. The BSVEM is based on the discretization of the bulk domain into polyhedral elements with arbitrarily many faces. The polyhedral approximation of the bulk induces a polygonal approximation of the surface. We present a geometric error analysis of bulk‐surface polyhedral meshes independent of the numerical method. Then, we show that BSVEM has optimal second‐order convergence in space, provided the exact solution is in the bulk and on the surface, where the additional is due to the combined effect of surface curvature and polyhedral elements close to the boundary. We show that general polyhedra can be exploited to reduce the computational time of the matrix assembly. Two numerical examples on the unit sphere and on the Dupin ring cyclide confirm the convergence result.
Panoramic radiography and computed tomography of metastatic breast carcinoma in the mandible: Report of a case
Authors: Ogura Ichiro , Okada Yasuo , Mizuhashi Fumi , Mizuhashi Ryo , Oohashi Makoto , Saegusa Hisato
Published: May 2023

Background

Breast carcinoma is a common tumor in women, but it rarely metastasizes to the oral region.

Case presentation

An 83‐year‐old woman presented with numbness and pain on the right side of the mandible. The patient's medical history included breast cancer that was treated with surgery. Panoramic radiograph showed a radiolucency with ill‐defined margin in the right mandible. CT images showed an osteolytic lesion with cortical bone destruction in the right mandible. Histopathological diagnosis was invasive ductal carcinoma.

Conclusion

Dental practitioner should be aware that metastatic tumor of the mandible may occur in the patient with breast cancer.
Enhanced mechanical and damping properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites by introducing the microcapsule particles
Authors: Dong Xiaowen , Li Ao , Yan Yangyang , Wang Ping
Published: May 2023

Because of the high strength, high modulus, and lightweight, carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites have been extensively used in aerospace and high‐speed aircraft. In the present study, a high damping carbon fiber/epoxy (CF/EP) composites reinforced by microcapsule particles is prepared on the premise of guaranteeing the mechanical properties of CF/EP composites. Through flexural tests, interlayer shear tests, scanning electron microscopy, and vibration damping tests, the impacts of different components of microcapsules on the mechanical and damping properties of CF/EP are investigated. The microcapsule particles are composed of a polyurethane shell and internal silicone oil. The results demonstrate that the flexural, interlaminar shear properties and damping properties of CF/EP composites are effectively enhanced by appropriate amount of microcapsule particles. When the content is 3 vol%, the flexural strength of CF/EP composites is elevated by 1.68% with 734.392 MPa. In addition, the interlaminar shear strength of CF/EP composites is elevated by 4.91%, which is 42.8 MPa. Besides, the damping properties of CF/EP composites increase with the increasing content of microcapsule particles. When the content of microcapsule particles is 8 vol%, the damping ratio of CF/EP composites is elevated by 39.51%, which is 3.22%.