bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parents' perceptions of patient safety in paediatric hospital care—A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Witkowska Maria I. , Janhunen Katja , Sak‐Dankosky Natalia , Kvist Tarja
Published: August 2024

Aim(s)

To identify and summarize evidence on paediatric patient safety in a hospital setting from parents' point of view.

Design

A mixed‐methods systematic review.

Prospero ID

ID number CRD42023453626.

Data Sources

PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, the Cochrane Library and the Wiley database were searched in July 2023.

Review Methods

Two researchers independently applied eligibility criteria, selected studies and conducted a quality appraisal. Data‐based convergent synthesis and thematic content analysis were employed.

Results

Twelve studies were included: eight qualitative research studies, two cross‐sectional studies, one non‐randomized experimental study and one mixed‐methods study. The results were grouped into two themes—parental perceptions of inclusion in paediatric patient safety and parental perceptions of exclusion from paediatric patient safety—and comprised seven main subthemes: comfort in communication, parental engagement, communication difficulties, withdrawal from activity, uncertainty about available information and threats to patient safety.

Conclusions

Parents are willing to be engaged in care but require support from healthcare professionals, as they are often anxious about the condition of their children and actions they believe might be helpful. They need to be treated as valuable partners and be engaged in communication and decision processes.

Impact

The development and implementation of interventions involving parents in ensuring the safety of hospitalized paediatric patients should be of the utmost priority to healthcare organizations, as the common theme throughout the included studies was the need for improved communication with and recognition of parents as allies.

Reporting Method

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) checklist was followed.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.
EPS‐motivated share repurchases and wealth transfer
Authors: Mashruwala Christina , Mashruwala Shamin
Published: August 2024

We study the association between earnings‐per‐share (EPS)‐motivated share repurchases and wealth transfer between the repurchasing firm's ongoing shareholders and selling/transacting shareholders. Compared to other repurchases, EPS‐accretive repurchases are associated with greater wealth transfer from ongoing to selling shareholders, thereby reducing shareholder value for ongoing shareholders. We also find that EPS‐accretive repurchases used to meet/beat analyst forecasts are associated with incrementally more wealth reduction for ongoing shareholders, compared to other EPS‐accretive repurchases. These findings suggest that, compared to other repurchases, repurchases driven by EPS concerns are more likely to benefit selling shareholders at the expense of ongoing shareholders (all else equal). Using quarterly earnings announcements, we find that investors price this one‐time repurchase‐induced wealth reduction for ongoing shareholders. Despite this, however, investors appear to take a positive overall view of EPS‐driven repurchases, suggesting that the benefits of such repurchases for ongoing shareholders outweigh the one‐time wealth reduction from such repurchases. Consistent with this, we find that EPS‐motivated repurchases are associated with better future operating performance.
Exploring the relationship between anal fistula and colorectal cancer based on Mendelian randomization and bioinformatics
Authors: Liu Yicheng , Zhao Wenjun , Hu Weiye , Xu Jin , Zhang Haiyan , Huang Ting , Wu Chuang , Yang Jiajia , Mao Wenjing , Yao Xiaobing , Lu Yafeng , Wang Qingming
Published: August 2024

The association between anal fistula patients and colorectal cancer, as well as the potential pathophysiological mechanisms, remains unclear. To explore the relationship between anal fistula and colorectal cancer and its potential mechanisms. Analysis of GEO and TCGA databases. Disease‐related genes were also referenced from Coremine Medical, GeneCard and OMIM. Core hub genes were identified through protein–protein interaction analysis by intersecting differentially expressed genes from the datasets with disease data. On one hand, a prognostic model was developed using genes and its prognostic role was validated. On the other hand, the optimal diagnostic genes were selected through machine learning. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to explore the potential causal link between anal fistula and colorectal cancer. Thirteen core genes were identified (TMEM121B, PDGFRA, MID2, WNT10B, HOXD13, BARX1, SIX2, MMP1, SNAL1, CDKN2A, ITGB3, TIMP1, CALB2). Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the intersecting genes between anal fistula and colorectal cancer were associated with extracellular matrix components, signalling pathways, cell growth, protein modification, as well as important roles in cellular activities, tissue and organ development, and biological function maintenance. These genes were also involved in pathways related to Wnt signalling and colorectal cancer development. Prognostic analysis and immune infiltration analysis indicated a close relationship between core hub genes and the prognosis and immune infiltration in colorectal cancer. Machine learning showed that core genes played an essential role in the diagnostic differentiation of colorectal cancer. MR results suggested no causal relationship between anal fistula and colorectal cancer. This study identified shared core genes between anal fistula and colorectal cancer, involved in various pathways related to tumour development. These genes play crucial roles in prognosis and diagnosis.
Fit comparison of interim crowns manufactured with open and proprietary 3D printing modes versus milling technology: An in vitro study
Authors: Morón‐Conejo Belén , Berrendero Santiago , Bai Shizhu , Martínez‐Rus Francisco , Pradies Guillermo
Published: August 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the fit of interim crowns produced using DLP‐based 3D printing with different manufacturing workflows—open and proprietary—versus milling technology.

Methods

A total of 120 crowns were evaluated using the replica technique. The control group (Mill, n = 30) was manufactured via subtractive technology. Experimental groups were printed using a DLP printer (SprintRay Pro95). In the proprietary mode (SR100, n = 30), manufacturer resin was used with a 100‐μm layer thickness (LT) and a splashing cleaning postprocessing. In the open mode, validated resin was used. Group B100 (n = 30) had a 100‐μm LT, and group B50 (n = 30) had a 50‐μm followed by postprocessing in an ultrasonic bath with full immersion in isopropyl alcohol. Kruskal–Wallis tests with Bonferroni correction was applied after normal analysis (α = 0.05).

Results

Group B50 exhibited the best overall fit (123.87 ± 67.42 μm), which was comparable to the gold standard Milling group, which demonstrated the lowest marginal fit (p = 0.760). SR100 showed significantly poorer performance compared to Mill, B50, and B100 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

3D printed and milled interim crowns generally demonstrated clinically acceptable fit, with the exception of the SR100 group. Postprocessing notably influenced crown fit, with the open mode with total immersion in isopropyl alcohol being superior.

Clinical Significance

The present study demonstrates that the selection of an optimal manufacturing and postprocessing workflow results in superior fit for interim crowns. This enables dental professionals to evaluate protocols and ensure reliable outcomes with improved clinical outcomes in interim crown fabrication.
Molecular phylogeny of the Lecudinoidea (Apicomplexa): A major group of marine gregarines with diverse shapes, movements and hosts
Authors: Park Eunji , Leander Brian S.
Published: August 2024

Gregarine apicomplexans are ubiquitous endosymbionts of invertebrate hosts. Despite their ecological and evolutionary importance, inferences about the phylogenetic relationships of major gregarine groups, such as the Lecudinidae and Urosporidae, have been hindered by vague taxonomic definitions and limited molecular and morphological data. In this study, we investigated five gregarine species collected from four families of polychaete hosts (Nereididae, Oenonidae, Hesionidae, and Phyllodocidae) using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We also generated small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences from these species and conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses to elucidate the evolutionary relationships within the Lecudinoidea. Our results include new molecular and morphological data for two previously described species (Lecudina cf. platynereidis and Lecudina cf. arabellae), the discovery of a new species of Lecudina (L. oxydromus n. sp.), and the discovery of two novel species, namely Amplectina cordis n. gen. et. n. sp. and Sphinctocystis inclina n. sp. These two species exhibited unique shapes and movements, resembling those of urosporids but with a phylogenetic affinity to lecudinids, blurring the border between lecudinids and urosporids. Our study emphasizes the need for further investigations into this highly diverse group, which has achieved great success across multiple animal phyla with diverse shapes and movements.
Nanotechnology‐based approaches for mycotoxin detection in food and feed
Authors: Nihal P Mohamed , Mohapatra Debasish , Mohd Sharfuddin , Harish Vancha , Singh Sachin Kumar , Singh Gurdeep
Published: August 2024

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain molds and fungi that contaminate various food commodities, posing serious adverse effects on humans and animals. Aflatoxin, ochratoxin, trichothecene, fumonisin, zearalenone, patulin, and citrinin are some of the major mycotoxins affecting food and feed. The scientific community has focused on regulating food and feed materials due to their potential risks. Conventional techniques for mycotoxin detection have certain limitations in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and speed. In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach to revolutionize mycotoxin detection. This review provides an overview of nanotechnology‐based detection methods for mycotoxins in food and feed, discussing the basic aspects of mycotoxins, their health hazards, and conventional methods. It also explores various nanosensors and nanodevices developed to improve the sensitivity, selectivity, and speed of mycotoxin detection, thereby enhancing food safety and security.
Post‐reflux swallow‐induced peristaltic wave index and mean nocturnal baseline impedance predict proton pump inhibitor response in patients with reflux hypersensitivity
Authors: Liu Jie , Yin Mengqing , Lv Chaolan , Wang Wei , Huang Yizhou , Tian Jiashuang , Wang Bo , Song Gengqing , Yu Yue
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim

Post‐reflux swallow‐induced peristaltic wave (PSPW) index and mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) have been shown to influence proton pump inhibitor (PPI) response in GERD patients. However, currently, little data concerning these variables in patients with reflux hypersensitivity (RH) are available. In this study, we aimed to evaluate, in RH patients, the prevalence of PPI responders and nonresponders and investigate the predictive value of impedance–pH variables, including PSPW and MNBI, on responses to PPI.

Methods

A total of 108 RH patients who met ROME IV criteria were prospectively recruited from June 2018 to December 2022. The prevalence of PPI responders/nonresponders was calculated, and impedance–pH variables were compared between the response and nonresponse groups. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate predictors for PPI response.

Results

Among 108 patients with RH, 60 patients (55.56%) were the PPI responders, and 48 (44.44%) were the nonresponders. Compared with the nonresponders, the PPI responders had a lower PSPW index (47.05 ± 4.43 vs 51.33 ± 3.50, P = 0.004) and a decreased value of MNBI (1866.68 ± 390.62 vs 2181.14 ± 338.42, P = 0.017). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that only the pathologic PSPW index (OR: 2.064) and MNBI (OR: 1.800) significantly influenced PPI response.

Conclusions

Nearly half of RH patients were PPI nonresponders. Impedance–pH monitoring was more valuable than pH‐only monitoring in associating PPI response to reflux in RH patients owing to the appraisal of the PSPW index and MNBI.
Adolescent digital emotion regulation
Authors: Hollenstein Tom , Faulkner Katie
Published: August 2024

The maturation of effective emotion regulation (ER) skills is a core achievement of adolescence and youth are now developing their ER habits and skills in a hybrid reality of digital and non‐digital experiences. We present a new model of adolescent digital emotion regulation as a conceptual framework to help guide burgeoning research in this area. We distinguish two primary processes: the regulation of emotions that have been elicited within digital contexts (i.e., the regulation of digitally induced emotions), and how youth regulate their emotions through digital means (i.e., digitally regulated emotion). Following the explication of different pathways in the model and consideration of the affordances of digital contexts, we highlight how this framework connects to theory and guides future research.
Distribution and genetic diversity analysis of fig mosaic virus in Kermanshah Province, Iran
Authors: Momeneh Fatemeh , Khateri Hadi , Safarnejad Mohammad Reza , Moarrefzadeh Nahid
Published: August 2024

Fig mosaic disease (FMD) poses a significant threat to fig (Ficus carica) trees globally. Fig mosaic virus (Emaravirus fici, Family Fimoviridae) is one of the main causes involved in FMD. E. fici has been reported in many countries, including Iran. This research investigated the genetic diversity and distribution of this virus in Kermanshah Province, the third fig‐producing region in Iran. In 2021 and 2022, 128 samples, mainly displaying FMD symptoms, were collected from fig trees across nine counties. Using DAS‐ELISA with polyclonal antibodies, 86 samples tested positive for fig mosaic virus. The 2‐year‐old healthy fig saplings grafted with scions from infected trees exhibited mosaic symptoms and tested positive for the virus in DAS‐ELISA. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) by RdRp‐specific primers (E5‐s and E5‐a) also amplified a DNA fragment with the expected size of about 302 bp from the ELISA‐positive samples. Five of the 12 symptomless samples showed positive results in both DAS‐ELISA and RT‐PCR. This indicates that the absence of symptoms in propagation sources does not imply that they are virus‐free. Nucleotide sequences of RT‐PCR products confirmed the fig mosaic virus infection. BLAST analysis of 20 samples (GenBank accession numbers OQ552535 to OQ552554) revealed that 19 sequences show high nucleotide identity (93.4%–96.8%) with an isolate from Lorestan Province, Iran (GenBank accession number KT732024). Notably, isolate FM203 showed distinct genetic divergence (86.6%–90.2% nucleotide identity) and shared similarities with some other Iranian isolates, including those from Kermanshah and Mazandaran provinces. Phylogenetic analysis grouped most isolates with the Lorestan isolate, while FM203 was placed in a separate cluster. This study highlighted the widespread presence of fig mosaic virus in Kermanshah Province, emphasizing varying infection rates across different counties, with Dalahoo County (Rijab) showing the highest prevalence.
Clinical experience and outcomes using a commercially available micro‐plating system for metabone fractures in dogs and cats: 10 cases (2019‐2023)
Authors: Marturello D. M. , Perry K. L.
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To report the clinical experience and long‐term outcome following metabone fracture stabilisation using a commercially available micro‐plating system (VetKISS, 1.0‐mm, IMEX Veterinary, USA).

Materials and Methods

Consecutive, client‐owned cats and dogs weighing <7 kg, with traumatic metabone fractures stabilised using VetKISS micro‐plates were prospectively enrolled with informed owner consent. Clinical and radiographic parameters were recorded. Either short‐term or long‐term clinical and radiographic follow‐up was required for study inclusion.

Results

Four cats and six dogs were enrolled and operated by one of two board‐certified surgeons. Bodyweight ranged from 1.9 to 6.6 kg. Number of metabones fractured: all four (60%), three (30%) and two (10%). Anatomical alignment was restored for each metabone. External coaptation was not used in any case. Radiographic follow‐up documented clinical or bony union in all cases. Mean time to clinical union was 51 days. One major complication (screw removal) and two minor complications (partial construct failure) were observed. All patients made a complete functional recovery at the time of documented union. Long‐term follow‐up was available in five cases. No lameness (evaluated independently by both surgeons) or plate sensitivity was noted.

Clinical Significance

This is the first clinical evaluation of the VetKISS for metabone fracture repair, and includes long‐term follow‐up. Results demonstrated complete functional recovery and 100% clinical union rates in all patients, with acceptable complication rates. This system can be considered for metabone repair in patients weighing <7 kg without the use of external coaptation.
Development and validation of a tool to assess underlying factors of iron‐rich food consumption among pregnant women
Authors: Mohamadou Sall , Aminata Ndiaye Ndene , Jérémie Bobby Dupuis , Nafissatou Ba Lo , Momar Thiam El Hadj , Sonia Blaney
Published: August 2024

Anaemia among pregnant women remains a public health concern globally. One major cause of this persistent problem is iron deficiency, which may be the result of limited iron intake in the diet. Using the extended version of the theory of planned behaviour (eTPB), this study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire assessing psychosocial and environmental factors that could influence the consumption of iron‐rich foods (IRFs) among Senegalese pregnant women. A three‐step procedure was used. Six focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with 10 pregnant women each from a different region to identify salient beliefs related to each of the four constructs of the eTPB using a structured guide. Information from FGDs was used to develop a questionnaire, which was administered to the first group (n = 200) of pregnant women. Principal component analyses and exploratory factorial analyses were performed on the first set of data to identify latent factors for each construct namely the attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control. A revised and shorter version of the questionnaire was administered to a second sample of pregnant women (n = 226) and confirmatory factorial analyses were conducted using this second set of data. Hancock and Muller's H reliability index was computed on the final model. The final questionnaire included 44 items. Most criteria for fit indices were met and H values were satisfactory. This study proposes a tool that could be used to explore determinants of the consumption of IRF among pregnant women. Further validation is still warranted in other contexts.
Analyzing antimicrobial resistance as a series of collective action problems
Authors: Weldon Isaac , Liddell Kathleen , Rogers Van Katwyk Susan , Hoffman Steven J. , Minssen Timo , Outterson Kevin , Palmer Stephanie , Viens A. M. , Viñuales Jorge
Published: August 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) causes over 1.27 million deaths annually, making it one of today's most urgent health threats. Given its urgency, there are often calls for large‐scale global initiatives to address AMR. However, theories of collective action have yet to be applied to the problem in a systematic and holistic manner. Fuller engagement with collective action theory is necessary to avoid three risks, namely: mischaracterizing the kinds of challenges that AMR presents; over‐simplifying the problem by reducing it to a single type of collective action problem while ignoring others; and overstating the ability of collective action theory to formulate effective solutions. This article relies on the work of Elinor Ostrom to develop an analytical framework for collective action problems around public and common goods. When analyzed through this framework, we find that AMR poses at least nine distinct collective action problems. This more granular framing of AMR provides, in our view, a better basis to develop policy solutions to address this multifaceted challenge. We conclude with proposals for future research.
The clinical application value of psychological nursing intervention for patients with prostatic hyperplasia during treatment
Authors: Lin Tingting , Zhong Linlin
Published: August 2024

Objective

To investigate the therapeutic utility of psychological nursing interventions for prostatic hyperplasia clients while they are receiving therapy.

Methods

Clinical data of 110 patients with prostate group hyperplasia who underwent treatment in our hospital were collected and analysed retrospectively, and the selected period was from October 2021 to October 2023. The 110 cases of prostate group hyperplasia patients were divided into a research group and a control group according to the different methods of care, and each group had 55 cases each. The research group received psychological nursing intervention based on the conventional nursing care given to the control group. The total treatment compliance rate and contentment with nursing were contrasted between the research and control groups, and changes in the Self Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) score, Self Rating Depression Scale (SDS) score, Health Survey Short Form score, and sleep problems were observed between the research group and the control group.

Results

The research group's overall compliance rate was 94.55% (52/53), a substantial increase over the control group's rate, 69.09% (38/55), P < 0.01. Following nursing, the research group's SAS and SDS scores were considerably more reduced than those of the control group, and both groups' scores were substantially lower than they were prior to nursing (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

This retrospective study found that psychological nursing intervention applied to patients with prostatic hyperplasia can effectively improve the patient's compliance with treatment, effectively reduce the occurrence of negative emotions, improve the patient's quality of life, and improve sleep problems. In addition, psychological nursing intervention can effectively alleviate the tension between nurses and patients, and is worthy of clinical application.
Momentary autonomic engagement during parent–adolescent conflict: Coping as a moderator of associations with emotions
Authors: Siciliano Rachel E. , Anderson Allegra S. , Gruhn Meredith A. , Henry Lauren M. , Vreeland Allison J. , Watson Kelly H. , Ciriegio Abagail E. , Liu Qimin , Ebert Jon , Kuhn Tarah , Cole David A. , Compas Bruce E.
Published: August 2024

Regulatory efforts are hypothesized to affect associations between emotions and physiology (i.e., concordance) to facilitate adaptive functioning. Assessing the role of coping on physiological–emotional concordance during ecologically relevant scenarios can elucidate whether concordance can serve as a biomarker of risk or resilience. The present study assessed self‐reported coping as a moderator of minute‐to‐minute associations between autonomic nervous system activity and emotions (i.e., physiological–emotional concordance) in caregivers (N = 97) and adolescents (N = 97; ages 10–15) during a dyadic conflict task. Models included physiological variables (sympathetic, skin conductance level [SCL]; and parasympathetic, respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]) and their interaction (SCL × RSA) as predictors of emotions, with coping variables as moderators. Caregivers' use of primary control coping (e.g., problem solving and emotional expression) and secondary control coping (e.g., cognitive reappraisal and acceptance) use in response to family stress predicted more positive emotional experiences during the laboratory conflict task. Adolescents' use of secondary control coping moderated the SCL–emotion association, such that increases in momentary SCL were associated with more positive emotion ratings for youth reporting higher secondary control coping. For youth who report more adaptive trait‐level coping skills, momentary changes in SCL may reflect active engagement and attentiveness to facilitate more positive emotional experiences. Findings advance our understanding of the interrelationships between physiological responses and psychological experiences during relevant, interactive scenarios. Autonomic responses are differentially related to affective states depending on the coping strategies that adolescents employ, suggesting that concordance may be associated with intervention targets (i.e., coping skills).
Men's Willingness to Use and Preferences for Novel Male Contraceptive Methods in Malawi
Authors: Gottert Ann , Mathur Sanyukta , Gnofam Mayi , Sailer Jim , Pulerwitz Julie , Haddad Lisa B.
Published: August 2024

Evidence is needed in low‐ and middle‐income countries regarding men's willingness to use new male contraceptive methods in development, preferences regarding method attributes, and what shapes willingness/preferences. We analyzed data from cross‐sectional surveys with 611 men in Malawi, concerning willingness to use each of four types of new male methods. Mean age was 24.5 years; half (50 percent) were married/cohabiting. Over half (51 percent) of men expressed willingness to use at least one new male method, including a topical contraceptive gel (33 percent), injection (32 percent), pill (29 percent), and implant (14 percent). Many male product attributes were considered important (with 59–67 percent endorsement), including ease of use, comfort of use, side effects, partner approval, type of method, frequency of facility visits, and cost. A prevalent reported reason for willingness was to “share responsibility for family planning with my partner” (44 percent). In multivariate regression analyses, willingness was inversely associated with inequitable gender attitudes (p < 0.001) and was not associated with married/cohabiting status, using condoms, or perceived risk for HIV. These findings add to growing evidence that a majority of men express willingness to use new male contraceptive methods like a topical gel, injectable, or pill. Reflection around gender roles is likely critical within future education about male contraceptive methods.
Du Boisian sociology after Du Bois: Frazier, St Clair Drake, and the global and comparative study of race and empire
Authors: Meghji Ali
Published: August 2024

In this paper, I focus on two thinkers who I contend can be read as Du Boisian sociologists: Franklin Frazier and John Gibbs St. Clair Drake. I argue that both Frazier and Drake are often (mis)represented as being ethnographic sociologists of racism in the American inner city who owe their intellectual training and lineage to the Chicago School. By contrast, I argue that Frazier and Drake, while interested in race in the American inner city, both viewed American racism as only one piece in a global jigsaw puzzle; both advocated for comparative and historical sociologies of race and empire which would highlight—to quote Frazier (1973, 339)—that although racism “in the United States has many unique features, it is […] a phase of a world process.” Excavating this world process, to both Frazier and Drake, necessarily entailed studying the global color line beyond its expression only in the United States. Frazier and Drake ought to be read, therefore, primarily as Du Boisian sociologists, not simply as parochial ethnographers of the inner city. The data for this paper come from the Du Bois, Frazier, and Drake papers housed in archives at the University of Massachusetts‐Amherst, Howard University, and the Schomburg Centre.
An incoherent feed‐forward loop involving bHLH transcription factors, Auxin and CYCLIN‐Ds regulates style radial symmetry establishment in Arabidopsis
Authors: Tasker‐Brown William , Koh Samuel W. H. , Trozzi Nicola , Maio Kestrel A. , Jamil Iqra , Jiang Yuxiang , Majda Mateusz , Smith Richard S. , Moubayidin Laila
Published: August 2024

The bilateral‐to‐radial symmetry transition occurring during the development of the Arabidopsis thaliana female reproductive organ (gynoecium) is a crucial biological process linked to plant fertilization and seed production. Despite its significance, the cellular mechanisms governing the establishment and breaking of radial symmetry at the gynoecium apex (style) remain unknown. To fill this gap, we employed quantitative confocal imaging coupled with MorphoGraphX analysis, in vivo and in vitro transcriptional experiments, and genetic analysis encompassing mutants in two bHLH transcription factors necessary and sufficient to promote transition to radial symmetry, SPATULA (SPT) and INDEHISCENT (IND). Here, we show that defects in style morphogenesis correlate with defects in cell‐division orientation and rate. We showed that the SPT‐mediated accumulation of auxin in the medial‐apical cells undergoing symmetry transition is required to maintain cell‐division‐oriented perpendicular to the direction of organ growth (anticlinal, transversal cell division). In addition, SPT and IND promote the expression of specific core cell‐cycle regulators, CYCLIN‐D1;1 (CYC‐D1;1) and CYC‐D3;3, to support progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. This transcriptional regulation is repressed by auxin, thus forming an incoherent feed‐forward loop mechanism. We propose that this mechanism fine‐tunes cell division rate and orientation with the morphogenic signal provided by auxin, during patterning of radial symmetry at the style.
Conversión ecológica en clave de los Ejercicios Espirituales de San Ignacio de Loyola
Authors: Guridi Román
Published: August 2024

¿Tienen las espiritualidades al interior de la Iglesia Católica elementos relevantes que aportar en la transición hacia estilos de vida que apunten más decididamente hacia la sustentabilidad? Respondiendo a esta pregunta, el artículo explora el potencial de los Ejercicios Espirituales de San Ignacio de Loyola de suscitar una conversión ecológica. Además de mostrar la complejidad de la pregunta, no hay evidencia de que el factor religioso esté siendo significativo en la toma de decisiones hacia la sustentabilidad, ni existe una comprensión unívoca de lo que implica la conversión ecológica. Se analizan cuatro estrategias de respuesta en busca de una criteriología que permita responder a la pregunta: el recurso a las experiencias de San Ignacio; el análisis de la teología subyacente a las meditaciones y contemplaciones principales; los valores propiciados por los Ejercicios Espirituales pertinentes en el contexto de la crisis ecológica; y la posibilidad de insertar temáticamente la cuestión ecológica en algunos momentos clave del proceso.Mientras que las dos primeras estrategias muestran la no contradicción de los Ejercicios Espirituales con la creciente sensibilidad ecológica, las dos últimas habilitan indirectamente al texto/proceso para suscitar una conversión ecológica. Queda pendiente la elaboración de un directorio de cómo proponer los Ejercicios Espirituales en clave ecológica que recoja las experiencias y prácticas actuales. El análisis de las cuatro estrategias de respuesta sirve de matriz, a su vez, para examinar el enfoque de cualquier otra espiritualidad cristiana en vistas de la conversión ecológica de sus practicantes.
Online Capacity Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries in Partial Intervals Considering Charging Conditions
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhu Lijun , Liu Xiaoyu , Wang Yutao , Wang Lujun
Published: August 2024

Employed extensively for lithium-ion battery health assessment and capacity estimation, incremental capacity analysis (ICA) traditionally requires substantial time investment under standard charge and discharge conditions. However, in practical usage, Li-ion batteries rarely undergo full cycles. This study introduces aging temperature cycles within different partial intervals of the battery, integrating local ICA curves, peak range analysis, and incremental slope (IS) as an auxiliary feature. The extracted partial incremental capacity curves serve as features for state of health (SOH) estimation. The proposed temperature-rate-based SOH estimation method relies on a mechanistic function, analyzing relationships between temperature, different partial intervals, aging rate, and aging. Experimental tests on FCB21700 batteries demonstrate accurate SOH estimation using only partial charge curves, with an average error below 2.82%. By manipulating charging and discharging ranges, the method significantly extends battery lifespan, offering promising widespread applications.
Damage Growth Monitoring in Cementitious Materials by Nonlinear Ultrasonic and Acoustic Emission Techniques
Authors: Sagar R. Vidya , Roy T. Priyan , Kundu Tribikram
Published: August 2024

This article reports the observation made during the compressive fracture process of cementitious materials, which has been studied using nonlinear ultrasonic testing (NUT) and acoustic emission (AE) testing techniques. The generated higher harmonics were recorded at a specific time interval and normalized with respect to the peak amplitude of the fundamental wave. The AE-based damage index (D) was compared with the normalized second harmonic amplitude (X). The X parameter decreased to a minimum at failure load where the AE-based b-value also reached its minimum value. Another nonlinear ultrasonic testing, namely, sideband peak count index (SPC-I) showed a similar variation when correlated with X parameter. It is concluded that both the normalized second harmonic amplitude and the sideband peak count index can be used as an indicator of internal damage growth. A parallel may exist between AE-based damage index (D) and normalized second harmonic amplitude (X) and SPC-I for the damage growth monitoring in cementitious materials. Since SPC-I technique is much easier to implement in comparison to the higher harmonic generation (HHG) technique, it is concluded that the SPC-I can replace HHG for monitoring the damage growth in heterogeneous cementitious materials.
Complexity Analysis Using Graph Models for Conflict Resolution for Autonomous Ships in Complex Situations
Authors: Bakdi Azzeddine , Vanem Erik
Published: August 2024

Maritime autonomous surface ships (MASSs) will reshape the fast-evolving ecosystem for their attractive socio-economic benefits and potential to improve safety. However, their new systems and technology need thorough verifications to identify unintended components of risk. The interaction between MASS cyber-physical systems and the existing regulatory framework is currently unpredictable; artificial intelligence-powered intelligent situation awareness and autonomous navigation algorithms must safely and efficiently adhere to the regulations which are only designed for human interpretation without MASSs consideration. This paper contributes to algorithmic regulations and particularly algorithmic COLREGs in real-world MASS applications. It focuses on codifying COLREGs into a machine-executable system applicable to MASSs, then analyzing their performance in dynamic and mixed interactions between multiple vessels in complex scenarios. Based on fullest pairwise COLREGs criteria, this paper considers decision-making (DM) and complexity analysis in multi-collision-conflict scenarios. Complexity influential factors are an interplay between the characteristics of COLREGs, traffic scenarios, MASS interactions, and the environment. Participant vessels are the decision-makers forming a decentralized uncertain DM process, casted into a multi-participant multi-conflict multicriteria DM problem. This is tackled through the technique of graph models for conflict resolution, using risk graph models and fuzzy preferences over alternative collision-avoidance states. This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of DM and navigational complexity; we develop novel complexity estimation scores, tools for complexity monitoring for human intervention, and spatial analysis of traffic complexity for geo-intelligent MASSs deployment and operation planning. The presented work is validated on a database of historical scenarios extracted from multiple data sources.
Impact of Building Design and Operating Strategies on Urban Heat Island Effects Part II: Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Ameer Baqer , Krarti Moncef
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the mutual thermal interactions between buildings and the microclimate within urban area centers. Buildings are the primary energy consumers in cities, and one of the main causes of the urban heat island (UHI) formation. In this article, a flexible simulation environment is developed and used to model the mutual thermal interactions between building energy systems and their urban surroundings in Phoenix, AZ, characterized by its hot climate. The impacts of various operating strategies for both commercial and residential buildings are assessed on both UHI effects and energy consumption. Specifically, the study evaluates the impacts of indoor temperature settings, precooling strategies, and air infiltration/exfiltration rates. It has been found that heat rejected by air conditioning systems significantly impacts UHI formation in urban centers located in hot climates. Specifically, commercial buildings were found to cause more UHI effects than residential buildings due to higher cooling loads. The impacts of heat rejected from heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are found to be more dominant than that from air exfiltration on the microclimate of urban centers. For urban center made up of commercial buildings with a street aspect ratio of 2, heat from air exfiltration is estimated to be as low as 10% of the heat rejected by HVAC systems.
Energetic and Exergetic Analyses of a Double-Pass Tubular Absorber for Application in Solar Towers
Authors: Ebadi Hossein , Cammi Antonio , Savoldi Laura
Published: August 2024

The present research integrates the concept of double-pass (DP) flows with high-temperature solar receivers to introduce an innovative design aimed at minimizing heat losses and optimizing performance. The new DP system was developed using a tubular absorber derived from billboard solar tower technology and operated with air as the heat transfer medium. Computational fluid dynamic models are developed based on an experimental campaign conducted at a solar furnace facility. The computational analyses indicated that employing the DP design instead of single-pass (SP) absorbers results in an average enhancement of energy and exergy efficiency by 35% and 225%, respectively, across all test conditions. However, this enhancement is accompanied by an average increase in pressure drop of ∼60%. The detailed exergy analysis also revealed the contribution of each term in the exergetic performance, identifying the exergy destruction between the sun and the absorber as the primary source, accounting for an average of ∼65% of the total inlet exergy for both SP and DP absorbers. Consequently, the DP presents itself as a promising alternative design for future solar tower configurations, offering improved Nu numbers up to ∼50% in air-based solar systems.
Estimating UV-B, UV-Erithemic, and UV-A Irradiances From Global Horizontal Irradiance and MERRA-2 Ozone Column Information
Authors: Laguarda Agustín , Abal Gonzalo , Russo Paola , Habte Aron
Published: August 2024

The ground ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation is relevant due to its impacts on plastics degradation (mainly UVA) and on human health (UVB and erithemic UV (UVE)). UV ground measurements are not as ubiquitous as the relatively common global horizontal irradiance (GHI) measurements. Three simple models that estimate the UVA, UVB, and UVE components of solar irradiance from GHI and ozone column information are locally adjusted and validated. Five one-minute datasets from three sites in southeastern South America and two in the United States are used for simultaneous solar irradiance and UV data. All sites correspond to temperate mid-latitude regions. Simultaneous atmospheric total ozone column information is obtained from the reanalysis modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications (MERRA-2) database for each site. Aside from locally adjusted models, average models with a single set of coefficients are also evaluated. For instance, the best average model is able to estimate UVE with a typical uncertainty below 12% and mean biases between ±3%, relative to the average of the measurements. Similar results are reported for the UVB and UVA components. These results, which can be useful in regions with similar climate and geography, provide a simple way to estimate UV irradiance under all-sky conditions with known uncertainty. This is an alternative to global satellite-based UV estimates, which can have high uncertainties at specific locations. Because MERRA-2 information has a global coverage, when coupled with good satellite-based estimates for GHI, UV irradiances can be estimated by this method over a large territory.
A Simulation Study on the Usefulness of the Bernstein Copula for Statistical Modeling of Metocean Variables
Authors: Vanem Erik , Lande Øystein , Fekhari Elias
Published: August 2024

Probabilistic modelling of relevant environmental variables are crucial for the safe design and operation of marine structures. Using metocean data, a joint model of several variables can be estimated, including their dependence structure. Often, a conditional model is assumed for this, but recently the non-parametric Bernstein copula has been suggested as an alternative tool to model such dependencies. As a non-parametric technique, it is very flexible and often provides excellent goodness-of-fit to data with different dependencies. However, non-parametric techniques are prone to over-fitting and generalizability might be challenging. Moreover, care should be taken when using such models for extrapolation. In this paper, a simple simulation study will be presented that has investigated the usefulness of the Bernstein copula in modeling joint metocean variables. First, data have been generated from a known parametric joint distribution model. Then, a joint model based on the Bernstein copula is fitted to a subset of these data. Data simulated from the Bernstein-based models are then compared to data from the initial model. A particular focus will be put on how the model captures the dependencies in the extremes.
Lessons Learned From Investigations of Torsion Failures in Cables, Umbilicals and Flexible Pipes
Authors: Mainçon Philippe , Longva Vegard , Ye Naiquan
Published: August 2024

Over the years, SINTEF Ocean has investigated a number of torsion-related failures in cables, umbilicals and flexible pipes. These failures have occurred during production, loadout, installation and operation. While details of each case cannot be revealed, the paper discusses the frequency of incidents, their economic impact, and some of the variety of mechanisms that cause torsion. These mechanisms can lead to complex behaviour along the route, and the notions of steady state and transients are introduced. Mechanisms of cross-section failure that have not been previously published are described.

The lessons learned from these investigations provided important inputs to the “Torsion Handbook” [1]. This document was a deliverable in the Torsion JIP (Joint Industry Project) carried out by SINTEF Ocean from 2019 to 2023 on behalf of Aker Solutions, Equinor, Hellenic Cables, NKT, Petrobras and Ørsted. Some of the approaches described in that document, to verify beforehand that an operation will not result in unacceptable torsion, are presented here.

The paper concludes, looking ahead to the work to be done to provide the industry with an engineering guideline.
Dynamic Analysis of Offshore Triceratops With Missile Launcher
Authors: Chandrasekaran Srinivasan , Unnikrishnan Ashish
Published: August 2024

The conventional function of an offshore platform is oil and gas exploration and production. Yet, these platforms also serve as an excellent alternative for space rocket launches, offering advantages in the form of easy environmental impact clearance. This paper conducts dynamic analyses on an offshore triceratops integrated with a missile/rocket launcher, under irregular waves. Numerical analysis is carried out for two different conditions, namely, with and without rocket launch. Average acceleration method is used to solve the governing equation in time-domain. Subsequently, power spectral densities in the active degrees of freedom are obtained from the time response analysis. It confirms the compliant nature of the structure whereby it is stiff in heave and pitch degrees of freedom while flexible in surge degree of freedom. The results provide evidence for the distinctive and innovative responsive behaviors exhibited in harsh deep ocean environments.
Toward Efficient Infrastructure Development and Project Planning for Floating Offshore Wind Energy
Authors: Sobashima Shintaro , Wada Ryota , Manuel Lance
Published: August 2024

The expectation of rapid growth in floating offshore wind farms (FOWFs) calls for urgent development of the associated supply chain. In this paper, we focus on the supply chain for floaters that relies on a sequence of activities including fabrication, transportation, assembly, and installation. As the intermediate stock of floaters is limited, irregular and unplanned suspension of operations that could arise due to unfavorable weather conditions would strongly influence the supply. Successful throughput in the supply chain results from the available infrastructure that defines the stock and flow capacity for each step in the project. The complexity of the interactions among the processes and the uncertainty in weather conditions pose a challenge in planning an efficient infrastructure development plan to meet the future demand of FOWFs. This study proposes a planning method that works by evaluating the performance of various configurations in such development using a stock-flow simulation model considering weather conditions. The model is validated to show good agreement with the installation process for an existing FOWF project. As a case study, we discuss infrastructure development for the Kyushu area in Japan, where results suggest several pathways to achieve desired performance.
Risk-Based Inspection and Maintenance of a Liquid Hydrogen Bunkering Facility
Authors: Campari Alessandro , Schiaroli Alice , Alvaro Antonio , Ustolin Federico , Cozzani Valerio , Paltrinieri Nicola
Published: August 2024

The shipping sector is responsible for approximately 4.5% of global emissions, and hydrogen was indicated as a clean and sustainable energy carrier capable of mitigating its environmental impact. The relatively high energy density of liquid hydrogen makes cryogenic storage an attractive option for maritime transport. Large-scale hydrogen bunkering facilities will be crucial to establishing an effective supply chain. Nevertheless, the chemical properties of hydrogen and its cryogenic storage conditions are reasons for concern regarding the safety of these storage plants. Preventive maintenance can reduce the likelihood of undesired events, but inspection planning is inherently challenging in the case of innovative facilities where massive amounts of hazardous substances are stored. The lack of technical data and operational experience with similar plants represents a significant bottleneck. The risk-based inspection (RBI) methodology prioritizes inspections of safety-critical components to minimize the overall plant’s risk. This highly beneficial strategy can only be adopted for hydrogen technologies with highly unrealistic assumptions. Therefore, a novel RBI approach was developed, which considers the hydrogen-specific hazards. The methodology was applied to an LH2 bunkering facility to highlight the advantages of this approach against the conventional RBI methodology.