bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Immune‐Related Adverse Events Due to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Cappelli Laura C. , Gutierrez Anna Kristina , Bingham Clifton O. , Shah Ami A.
Published: December 2016

Objective

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are improving prognoses in advanced stage cancers, but they also lead to immune‐related adverse events (IRAEs). IRAEs targeting many organ systems have been reported, but musculoskeletal and rheumatic IRAEs have not been well‐characterized. We systematically reviewed published literature on musculoskeletal and rheumatic IRAEs to better understand prevalence and clinical characteristics.

Methods

Medline and CENTRAL databases were searched for articles reporting rheumatic and musculoskeletal IRAEs secondary to ICI treatment. After screening abstracts and full texts in duplicate, clinical features, prevalence, and treatment data were extracted and summarized.

Results

A total of 1,725 unique abstracts were screened; 231 contained original data and were about ICIs and went to full‐text screening. Fifty‐two of these contained information about musculoskeletal or rheumatic IRAEs or about treatment with ICIs in preexisting autoimmune disease. Of these, 33 were clinical trials, 3 were observational studies, and 16 were case reports or series. Arthralgia prevalence in clinical trials ranged 1–43%, and myalgia was reported in 2–20%. Arthritis was reported in 5 of 33 clinical trials, and vasculitis was reported in only 2. One observational study and 3 case reports described patients with preexisting autoimmune disease treated with ICIs. Case reports included development of inflammatory arthritis, vasculitis, myositis, and lupus nephritis.

Conclusion

Arthralgia and myalgia have been reported commonly in patients treated with ICIs. The prevalence of rheumatic IRAEs such as inflammatory arthritis, vasculitis, and sicca syndrome is less clear from current evidence. There is limited observational and case‐level evidence describing ICI use in patients with preexisting autoimmune disease.
Approximating fault detection linear interval observers using λ‐order interval predictors
Authors: Meseguer Jordi , Puig Vicenç , Escobet Teresa
Published: December 2016

Interval observers can be described by an autoregressive‐moving‐average model while λ‐order interval predictors by a moving‐average model. Because an autoregressive‐moving‐average (ARMA) model can be approximated by a moving‐average model, this allows establishing the equivalence between interval observers and interval predictors. This paper deals with the fault detection application and focuses on the equivalence between the λ‐orderintervalpredictorsand the interval observers from the point of view of the fault detection performance. The paper also proves that it is possible to obtain an equivalent λ − order interval predictor for a given interval observer with the same fault detection properties by the appropriate selection of the λ − order. A condition for selecting the minimal order that provides the λ − order interval predictor equivalent to a given interval observer is derived. Moreover, because the wrapping effect could be avoided by tuning properly the interval observer, we can find an equivalent λ − order interval predictor such that it also avoids the wrapping effect. Finally, an example based on an industrial servo actuator will be used to illustrate the derived results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brain mechanisms of abnormal temperature perception in cold allodynia induced by ciguatoxin
Authors: Eisenblätter Anneka , Lewis Richard , Dörfler Arnd , Forster Clemens , Zimmermann Katharina
Published: December 2016

Objective

Cold allodynia occurs as a major symptom of neuropathic pain states. It remains poorly treated with current analgesics. Ciguatoxins (CTXs), ichthyosarcotoxins that cause ciguatera, produce a large peripheral sensitization to dynamic cold stimuli in Aδ‐fibers by activating sodium channels without producing heat or mechanical allodynia. We used CTXs as a surrogate model of cold allodynia to dissect the framework of cold allodynia–activated central pain pathways.

Methods

Reversible cold allodynia was induced in healthy male volunteers by shallow intracutaneous injection of low millimolar concentrations of CTX into the dorsal skin of the forefoot. Cold and warm stimuli were delivered to the treated and the control site using a Peltier‐driven thermotest device. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were acquired with a 3T MRI scanner using a blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) protocol.

Results

The CTX‐induced substantial peripheral sensitization to cooling stimuli in Aδ‐fibers is particularly retrieved in BOLD changes due to dynamic temperature changes and less during constant cooling. Brain areas that responded during cold allodynia were almost always located bilaterally and appeared in the medial insula, medial cingulate cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex, frontal areas, and cerebellum. Whereas these areas also produced changes in BOLD signal during the dynamic warming stimulus on the control site, they remained silent during the warming stimuli on the injected site.

Interpretation

We describe the defining feature of the cold allodynia pain percept in the human brain and illustrate why ciguatera sufferers often report a perceptual temperature reversal. ANN NEUROL 2017;81:104–116
Brute Force Orientation of Matrix‐Isolated Molecules: Reversible Reorientation of Formaldehyde in an Argon Matrix toward Perfect Alignment
Authors: Park Youngwook , Kang Hani , Kang Heon
Published: December 2016

Brute force orientation by an electric field is a promising way of controlling the orientation of polar molecules in the gas phase, but its application to condensed‐phase molecules has been very limited. We studied the reorientation of formaldehyde molecules in a solid Ar matrix under the influence of a strong electric field using reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy. Asymptotically perfect alignment of the formaldehyde molecules along the field was achieved at field strengths exceeding 1×108 V m−1. The vibrational bands of the aligned molecules exhibited a unidirectional Stark shift proportional to the field strength. The reorientation of the molecules was reversible despite the cryogenic solid environment of the system.
Versatile Homoallylic Boronates by Chemo‐, SN2′‐, Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Catalytic Sequence of Cu−H Addition to Vinyl‐B(pin)/Allylic Substitution
Authors: Lee Jaehee , Torker Sebastian , Hoveyda Amir H.
Published: December 2016

A highly chemo‐, diastereo‐ and enantioselective catalytic method that efficiently combines a silyl hydride, vinyl‐B(pin) (pin=pinacolato) and (E)‐1,2‐disubstituted allylic phosphates is introduced. Reactions, best promoted by a Cu‐based complex with a chiral sulfonate‐containing N‐heterocyclic carbene, are broadly applicable. Aryl‐, heteroaryl‐, alkenyl‐, alkynyl‐ and alkyl‐substituted allylic phosphates may thus be converted to the corresponding homoallylic boronates and then alcohols (after C−B bond oxidation) in 46–91 % yield and in up to >98 % SN2′:SN2 ratio, 96:4 diastereomeric ratio and 98:2 enantiomeric ratio. The reasons why an NHC−Cu catalyst is uniquely effective (vs. the corresponding phosphine systems) and the basis for different trends in stereoselectivity are provided with the aid of DFT calculations.
Family Therapy for Child and Adolescent School Refusal
Authors: Richardson Katrina
Published: December 2016

Child and adolescent school refusal is a complex problem that can paralyse parents and professionals alike. Families often present in desperation, often after the problem has become well established. The literature concerning ‘what works’ is clear: addressing the problem early relates to better prognosis, and supporting the child to return to school is the primary priority. In practice, however, the ‘how to’ is often complicated by parental anxiety or complacency, complex family dynamics, therapist uncertainty about how to help, and poor partnerships between family and school. In this paper, I will present a framework for intervention informed by Structural and post‐Milan ideas, developed from practice‐based evidence – witnessing what works for families in everyday practice. A model for family therapy intervention is presented and discussed, illustrated with a case vignette.
One‐pot synthesis of polysubstituted pyrrolidinones using novel magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient and reusable catalyst
Authors: Ghorbani‐Vaghei Ramin , Sarmast Narges , Mahmoodi Jafar
Published: December 2016

7‐Aminonaphthalene‐1,3‐disulfonic acid‐functionalized magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles efficiently catalyse the one‐pot multi‐component synthesis of substituted 3‐pyrrolin‐2‐ones without using any other harmful organic reagents. High catalytic activity, ease of recovery, use of an external magnetic field and capability of being reused many times without significant loss of its catalytic activity are additional eco‐friendly properties of this catalytic system. Compared to other methods, our protocol has various advantages such as short reaction times, low catalyst loading, high yields, easy magnetic separation and reusability of the catalyst.
Nanosilica‐anchored Pd(II)‐Schiff base complex as efficient heterogeneous catalyst for activation of aryl halides in Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction in water
Authors: Gogoi Nibedita , Bora Utpal , Borah Geetika , Gogoi Pradip K.
Published: December 2016

A nanosilica (derived from rice husk)‐anchored Pd(II)–Schiff base complex has been synthesized and characterized. This immobilized complex has been found to be a very effective and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction of various aryl halides with arylboronic acid in aqueous medium under mild conditions. The products were identified using 1H NMR and mass spectral studies. This complex can be easily filtered out from the reaction medium and reused up to six times without significant loss of catalytic activity. Since the reaction proceeds under mild conditions in aqueous medium as well as the catalyst being recyclable, it provides an environmentally benign alternative route to the existing protocols for the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction.
Uterine focal adhesion dynamics during pregnancy in a marsupial (Sminthopsis crassicaudata; Dasyuridae)
Authors: Laird Melanie K. , Turancova Michaela , McAllan Bronwyn M. , Murphy Christopher R. , Thompson Michael B.
Published: December 2016

Alterations to the basal attachment points between the epithelium of the uterus and the underlying tissue in early pregnancy affect how easily the epithelium can be invaded by the implanting embryo. Attachment points‐ focal adhesions‐ disassemble to facilitate highly invasive implantation in rats, but species with less invasive implantation, including marsupials, may require different basal alterations for successful pregnancy. Here we used immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blotting to conduct the first study of basal plasma membrane dynamics in the uterus during marsupial pregnancy. We describe localisation patterns of two key anchoring molecules, talin and paxillin, throughout pregnancy in the fat‐tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata; Dasyuridae). Basal staining of both molecules occurs in early pregnancy, as it does in the rat. However, unlike rats, there is strong basal localisation of talin and paxillin just before implantation in S. crassicaudata, indicating that focal adhesions do not disassemble during pregnancy in this species, and that molecular reinforcement of the epithelium may be a maternal strategy to regulate invasion. Additionally, talin and paxillin do not co‐localise at all stages of pregnancy as they do in the rat. Different localisation patterns among mammalian species demonstrate that not all early pregnancy changes are ubiquitous in mammalian pregnancy, as changes to the basal plasma membrane of the epithelium, in particular, may instead be dependent on mode of implantation. Anat Rec, 300:1150–1159, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Baugruben: Ermittlung des Bettungsmoduls auf der Grundlage von Mobilisierungsfunktionen
Authors: Hettler Achim , Hegert Harriet
Published: December 2016

Brand et al. [1–3] stellen in umfangreichen Untersuchungen große Abweichungen zwischen gemessenen und nach EB 102 auf der Grundlage von Mobilisierungsfunktionen ermittelten Verformungen fest. Aufgrund der unklaren Sachlage wurde der betreffende Absatz der 4. Auflage in der 5. Auflage der EAB gestrichen. Hegert nimmt in [4] diese Fragestellung auf. Im Folgenden wird über die Ergebnisse berichtet. Es wird gezeigt, dass systematische Fehler bei den unter idealisierten Bedingungen abgeleiteten Mobilisierungsfunktionen oder beim Ansatz des Ausgangsspannungszustands nach Weißenbach und Gollub [5] bzw. EAB [6] ausgeschlossen werden können.

Eine erhebliche Verbesserung der Prognose des Bettungsverhaltens lässt sich durch Ansatz eines wirklichkeitsnahen Reibungswinkels im Sinne eines Mittelwerts anstelle eines unteren charakteristischen Werts erreichen. Verwendet man den Vorschlag von Besler [7], lässt sich die Steifigkeit durch Einführung eines Korrekturfaktors unter Beibehaltung der in der Praxis üblichen abgeminderten Reibungswinkel erhöhen, und es sind nicht getrennte Nachweise für den Grenzzustand der Tragfähigkeit und der Gebrauchstauglichkeit erforderlich.
Aggregation kinetics of human mesenchymal stem cells under wave motion
Authors: Tsai Ang‐Chen , Liu Yijun , Yuan Xuegang , Chella Ravindran , Ma Teng
Published: December 2016

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are primary candidates in cell therapy and regenerative medicine but preserving their therapeutic potency following culture expansion is a significant challenge. hMSCs can spontaneously assemble into three‐dimensional (3D) aggregates that enhance their regenerative properties. The present study investigated the impact of hydrodynamics conditions on hMSC aggregation kinetics under controlled rocking motion. While various laboratory methods have been developed for hMSC aggregate production, the rocking platform provides gentle mixing and can be scaled up using large bags as in wave motion bioreactors. The results show that the hMSC aggregation is mediated by cell adhesion molecules and that aggregate size distribution is influenced by seeding density, culture time, and hydrodynamic conditions. The analysis of fluid shear stress by COMSOL indicated that aggregate size distribution is inversely correlated with shear stress and that the rocking angle had a more pronounced effect on aggregate size distribution than the rocking speed due to its impact on shear stress. hMSC aggregates obtained from the bioreactor exhibit increased stemness, migratory properties, and expression of angiogenic factors. The results demonstrate the potential of the rocking platform to produce hMSC aggregates with controlled size distribution for therapeutic application.
Intracellular CHO Cell Metabolite Profiling Reveals Steady‐State Dependent Metabolic Fingerprints in Perfusion Culture
Authors: Karst Daniel J. , Steinhoff Robert F. , Kopp Marie R. G. , Serra Elisa , Soos Miroslav , Zenobi Renato , Morbidelli Massimo
Published: December 2016

Perfusion cell culture processes allow the steady‐state culture of mammalian cells at high viable cell density, which is beneficial for overall product yields and homogeneity of product quality in the manufacturing of therapeutic proteins. In this study, the extent of metabolic steady state and the change of the metabolite profile between different steady states of an industrial Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line producing a monoclonal antibody (mAb) was investigated in stirred tank perfusion bioreactors. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) of daily cell extracts revealed more than a hundred peaks, among which 76 metabolites were identified by tandem MS (MS/MS) and high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT‐ICR) MS. Nucleotide ratios (Uridine (U)‐ratio, nucleotide triphosphate (NTP)‐ratio and energy charge (EC)) and multivariate analysis of all features indicated a consistent metabolite profile for a stable culture performed at 40 × 106 cells/mL over 26 days of culture. Conversely, the reactor was operated continuously so as to reach three distinct steady states one after the other at 20, 60, and 40 × 106 cells/mL. In each case, a stable metabolite profile was achieved after an initial transient phase of approximately three days at constant cell density when varying between these set points. Clear clustering according to cell density was observed by principal component analysis, indicating steady‐state dependent metabolite profiles. In particular, varying levels of nucleotides, nucleotide sugar, and lipid precursors explained most of the variance between the different cell density set points. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:879–890, 2017
Production of 8,11‐dihydroxy and 8‐hydroxy unsaturated fatty acids from unsaturated fatty acids by recombinant Escherichia coli expressing 8,11‐linoleate diol synthase from Penicillium chrysogenum
Authors: Kim Min‐Ji , Seo Min‐Ju , Shin Kyung‐Chul , Oh Deok‐Kun
Published: December 2016

Hydroxy unsaturated fatty acids can be used as antimicrobial surfactants. 8,11‐Linoleate diol synthase (8,11‐LDS) catalyzes the conversion of unsaturated fatty acid to 8‐hydroperoxy unsaturated fatty acid, and it is subsequently isomerized to 8,11‐dihydroxy unsaturated fatty acid by the enzyme. The optimal reaction conditions of recombinant Escherichia coli expressing Penicillium chrysogenum 8,11‐LDS for the production of 8,11‐dihydroxy‐9,12(Z,Z)‐octadecadienoic acid (8,11‐DiHODE), 8,11‐dihydroxy‐9,12,15(Z,Z,Z)‐octadecatrienoic acid (8,11‐DiHOTrE), 8‐hydroxy‐9(Z)‐hexadecenoic acid (8‐HHME), and 8‐hydroxy‐9(Z)‐octadecenoic acid (8‐HOME) were pH 7.0, 25°C, 10 g/L linoleic acid, and 20 g/L cells; pH 6.0, 25°C, 6 g/L α‐linolenic acid, and 60 g/L cells; pH 7.0, 25°C, 8 g/L palmitoleic acid, and 25 g/L cells; and pH 8.5, 30°C, 6 g/L oleic acid, and 25 g/L cells, respectively. Under these optimized conditions, the recombinant cells produced 6.0 g/L 8,11‐DiHODE for 60 min, with a conversion of 60% (w/w) and a productivity of 6.0 g/L/h; 4.3 g/L 8,11‐DiHOTrE for 60 min, with a conversion of 72% (w/w) and a productivity of 4.3 g/L/h; 4.3 g/L 8‐HHME acid for 60 min, with a conversion of 54% (w/w) and a productivity of 4.3 g/L/h; and 0.9 g/L 8‐HOME for 30 min, with a conversion of 15% (w/w) and a productivity of 1.8 g/L/h. To best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the biotechnological production of 8,11‐DiHODE, 8,11‐DiHOTrE, 8‐HHME, and 8‐HOME. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:390–396, 2017
Chemical Traits of Hemiparasitism in Odontites luteus
Authors: Venditti Alessandro , Frezza Claudio , Foddai Sebastiano , Serafini Mauro , Nicoletti Marcello , Bianco Armandodoriano
Published: December 2016

The study of the monoterpene glycosides content of Odontites luteus has shown the presence of a total of fifteen iridoid glucosides. The presence of compounds 1 – 5 and 7 – 10 is perfectly on‐line with both the biogenetic pathway for iridoids biosynthesis in Lamiales and the current botanical classification of the species. On the other side, the presence of compounds like agnuside (6), adoxosidic acid (11), monotropein (12), 6,7‐dihydromonotropein (13), methyl oleoside (14) and methyl glucooleoside (15) is of high interest because, first of all, they have never been reported before in Lamiales. In second instance, the majority of the last compounds are formally derived from a different biogenetic pathway which involves deoxyloganic acid/loganin and led to the formation of decarboxylated iridoid showing the 8β‐configuration. Furthermore, a second abnormality was found during our study and this regards compounds 14 and 15 which are seco‐iriodids and thus not typical for this family. The presence of these unusual compounds, biogenetically not related to species belonging to Lamiales, is a clear evidence of the metabolites transfer from the hosts. In fact, the collection area is also populated by species belonging to Oleaceae and Ericaceae which could be the possible hosts since the biosynthesis of seco‐iridoids and or iridoids related to deoxyloganic acid/loganin pathway, with the 8β‐configuration, is well documented in these species.
Guerbet Reaction over Strontium‐Substituted Hydroxyapatite Catalysts Prepared at Various (Ca+Sr)/P Ratios
Authors: Silvester Lishil , Lamonier Jean‐François , Lamonier Carole , Capron Mickaël , Vannier Rose‐Noëlle , Mamede Anne‐Sophie , Dumeignil Franck
Published: December 2016

The Guerbet reaction of ethanol to heavier products was performed over a series of extensively characterized Sr‐substituted hydroxyapatites (HAPs) with different (Ca+Sr)/P ratios, and thus different structural, textural, and acid–base properties. The acid–base properties were correlated with the reactivity of the solids and an optimal ratio between the amount of acid and basic sites was determined (ca. 4), whereas the ethanol conversion was mainly depending on the specific surface area of the solids. The stoichiometric 100 mol % Sr‐substituted sample (SrAp‐100) was especially efficient in higher alcohols production, which can be illustrated by a total alcohol selectivity (76.4 %) higher than that of all the other solids at a 13 % ethanol isoconversion.
On‐Surface Dual‐Response Structural Transformations of Guanine Molecules and Fe Atoms
Authors: Zhang Chi , Wang Likun , Xie Lei , Ding Yuanqi , Xu Wei
Published: December 2016

Structural transformation of metal–organic nanostructures holds great promise for structural diversity and flexibility and opens the way towards an adaptive and evolutive chemistry owing to the dynamic characteristic of coordination bonds. It is thus generally interesting and also challenging to develop systems showing reversible structural transformations which involve multiple metal–organic motifs on surfaces. Here, we have successfully constructed a system that presents structural transformations on a solid surface, in which controllable formation of multiple metal–organic nanostructures (with different coordination binding modes by use of distinct binding sites) in response to both metal atoms and molecules is achieved at room temperature (RT) under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. The key to making these interconversions successful is the intrinsic dynamic characteristic of coordination bonds together with the coordination priority and diversity.
Computational Investigation of the Role Played by Rhodium(V) in the Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed ortho‐Bromination of Arenes
Authors: Zhang Tao , Qi Xiaotian , Liu Song , Bai Ruopeng , Liu Chao , Lan Yu
Published: December 2016

In this study, M11‐L was used to evaluate the feasibility of the formation of rhodium(V) species using the rhodium(III)‐catalyzed ortho‐bromination of arenes as a model reaction. In most cases for these types of reactions, DFT calculations reveal that the bromination step involves a Br transfer from N‐bromosuccinimide to the reacting arylrhodium to form a bromonium intermediate, followed by a Br shift to generate a new C−Br bond, which is more favorable than the previously proposed RhIII/RhV catalytic cycle. The rhodium catalyst remains in its +3 oxidation state throughout. The substituent effects of the reacting arene were studied, and computational results showed that the introduction of electron‐donating groups on the reacting arene was favorable for this pathway. In contrast, the inclusion of a strong electron‐withdrawing group on the aromatic ring would hinder the formation of a bromonium intermediate. Therefore, the RhIII/RhV catalytic cycle is favorable in cases that involve a RhV intermediate, which is generated by oxidative addition with NBS. In this pathway, the C−Br bond is formed by reductive elimination from the RhV intermediate. Additionally, a distortion–interaction analysis model along the reaction pathway was used to explain the directing‐group effects. The results showed that the interaction energy controlled the reactivity because of the difference in electronic nature of various directing groups.
Traceable Size and Size Distribution Calibrations of Nanoparticles
Authors: Buhr Egbert , Dziomba Thorsten , Frase Carl Georg , Krumrey Michael , Bosse Harald
Published: December 2016

Quality control of nanoparticle production processes requires traceable calibration methods for size and size distribution which are presented and discussed in this article. The main focus is on the one hand the application of small‐angle X‐ray scattering for an integral measurement of nanoparticles in liquid suspension and on the other hand scanning electron microscopy in transmission for a microscopic measurement method of nanoparticles prepared on a substrate. In addition, characterization by scanning probe microscopy is covered.
Synthesis and Properties of a Novel 3D Europium Coordination Polymer with Helical Chain and (3,6)‐Connected rtl Net
Authors: Liu Zhifeng , Lai Bowen , Wen Huiliang , Robbins Julianne , Huang Nei
Published: December 2016

The first coordination polymer of 2,2′‐((4‐carboxymethyl‐1,3‐phenylene)bis(oxy)) diacetic acid (H3L) with europium(III) ion, [Eu(L)(H2O)]·3H2O (1), has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. Complex 1 exhibits a 3D coordination polymer with helical chain and rtl topology of the point symbol (4·62)2(42·610·83) based on [Eu2(COO)4] as secondary building unit (SBU). Furthermore, the luminescent and magnetic properties of complex 1 are studied.
A Highly Selective and Sensitive Fluorescent Probe Recognition for Co2+ in Aqueous Media Based on 8‐Hydroxyquinolin‐2‐carbaldehyde‐2‐pyridylformylhydrazone Derivative
Authors: Zhong Keli , Zhao Jie , Zhou Xue , Hou Shuhua , Bian Yanjiang , Li Jianrong , Tang Lijun
Published: December 2016

A new (8‐hydroxyquinolin‐2‐yl)methylene picolinohydrazide derivative (L) has been successfully synthesized and characterized. The probe L displays high selectivity to Co2+ in CH3CN/HEPES (1:1, Ｖ/Ｖ, 10 mmol·L−1, pH=7.4) with a fluorescence "ON‐OFF" response. The Co2+ ion recognition event possesses some distinct features including rapid response, high selectivity and sensitivity, good anti‐interference ability and being applicable within a wide pH range. Based on job's plot and ESI‐MS studies, the 1:1 binding mode was proposed. The binding constant of L and Co2+ is 1.63×108 L·mol−1 and the detection limit is 1.15 µmol·L−1. Natural water samples experiments revealed that probe L can be potentially applied to the detection of Co2+ in real environment.
Comparative Studies of Non‐noble Metal Modified Mesoporous M‐Ni‐CaO‐ZrO2 (M = Fe, Co, Cu) Catalysts for Simulated Biogas Dry Reforming
Authors: Wang Changzhen , Zhang Yin , Wang Yongzhao , Zhao Yongxiang
Published: December 2016

The present work is aimed to improve the performance of Ni‐based catalysts for biogas dry reforming by adding a second non‐noble metal (Fe, Co, Cu) into a previously studied mesoporous Ni‐CaO‐ZrO2 nanocomposite. Biogas was simulated with equivalent methane and carbon dioxide for the dry reforming reaction. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), N2 adsorption, temperature‐programmed reduction (TPR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements were taken to characterize the structural and textual properties of the bimetallic catalysts as well as the accumulated carbon deposition. The addition of Fe leads to a less ordering growth of mesopores of Fe‐Ni‐CaO‐ZrO2 sample, and the existence of Cu results in a relatively larger portion of free NiO in Cu‐Ni‐CaO‐ZrO2. Compared with Fe and Cu, the presence of Co could efficiently form a beneficial dual metal effect and enhance the strong metal support interaction between Ni and CaO‐ZrO2, thus enhancing the activity and stability of the catalyst in biogas dry reforming reaction.
Synthetic Analogues of Betulinic Acid as Potent Inhibitors of PS1/BACE1 Interaction to Reduce Aβ Generation
Authors: Zhang Chenlu , Wang Xiaoyin , Cui Jin , Li Xiaohang , Zhang Yangming , Wang Xin , Gu Haifeng , Li Wei , Xie Xin , Zhao Jian , Pei Gang , Nan Fajun
Published: December 2016

The lupane‐type triterpenoids are endowed with a wide range of biological activities such as antiviral, anti‐inflammatory and anticancer activity. We describe here its potential application in Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment as an inhibitor of PS1/BACE1 interaction. 3‐α‐Akebonoic acid, which emanated from a high throughput screening (HTS), was discovered to interfere with PS1/BACE1 interaction and reduce amyloid β‐protein (Aβ) production. In view of the limited source, we instead used naturally rich betulinic acid (compound 2) as starting material for lead optimization and a focused library of its derivatives was constructed to gain a better understanding of the structure activity relationship (SAR) of triterpenoid‐type inhibitor of PS1/BACE1 interaction. Compound 22 was finally chosen as the most potent PS1/BACE1 interaction inhibitor, which reduced Aβ generation effectively.
Timing isn't everything: Influenza vaccination in cancer patients
Authors: Dulek Daniel E. , Halasa Natasha B.
Published: December 2016

Influenza vaccination is a critical intervention for improving the health of cancer patients with yearly influenza immunization recommended by the CDC. Influenza vaccine studies in cancer patients generally demonstrate impaired influenza vaccine responses in comparison with age‐matched, healthy controls. The present study by Keam et al. defined the effect of vaccine timing with respect to cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens on immunogenicity and adverse events after influenza vaccination in cancer patients with solid malignancies. No significant differences in post‐vaccination serologic response or adverse event frequencies were found between patients vaccinated concurrent with cytotoxic chemotherapy administration and patients vaccinated during the cytopenic period post‐chemotherapy administration. Further study is warranted to better define optimal timing and interventions to improve influenza vaccine immunogenicity in this at‐risk population.

See also pages 841‐8.
Inflammation of peripheral tissues and injury to peripheral nerves induce differing effects in the expression of the calcium‐sensitive N‐arachydonoylethanolamine‐synthesizing enzyme and related molecules in rat primary sensory neurons
Authors: Sousa‐Valente João , Varga Angelika , Torres‐Perez Jose Vicente , Jenes Agnes , Wahba John , Mackie Ken , Cravatt Benjamin , Ueda Natsuo , Tsuboi Kazuhito , Santha Peter , Jancso Gabor , Tailor Hiren , Avelino António , Nagy Istvan
Published: December 2016

Elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration induces the synthesis of N‐arachydonoylethanolamine (anandamide) in a subpopulation of primary sensory neurons. N‐acylphosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPE‐PLD) is the only known enzyme that synthesizes anandamide in a Ca2+‐dependent manner. NAPE‐PLD mRNA as well as anandamide's main targets, the excitatory transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 ion channel (TRPV1), the inhibitory cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor, and the main anandamide‐hydrolyzing enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), are all expressed by subpopulations of nociceptive primary sensory neurons. Thus, NAPE‐PLD, TRPV1, the CB1 receptor, and FAAH could form an autocrine signaling system that could shape the activity of a major subpopulation of nociceptive primary sensory neurons, contributing to the development of pain. Although the expression patterns of TRPV1, the CB1 receptor, and FAAH have been comprehensively elucidated, little is known about NAPE‐PLD expression in primary sensory neurons under physiological and pathological conditions. This study shows that NAPE‐PLD is expressed by about one‐third of primary sensory neurons, the overwhelming majority of which also express nociceptive markers as well as the CB1 receptor, TRPV1, and FAAH. Inflammation of peripheral tissues and injury to peripheral nerves induce differing but concerted changes in the expression pattern of NAPE‐PLD, the CB1 receptor, TRPV1, and FAAH. Together these data indicate the existence of the anatomical basis for an autocrine signaling system in a major proportion of nociceptive primary sensory neurons and that alterations in that autocrine signaling by peripheral pathologies could contribute to the development of both inflammatory and neuropathic pain.
Stability of Odd‐ Versus Even‐Electron Gas‐Phase (Quasi)Molecular Ions Derived from Pyridine‐Substituted N‐Heterotriangulenes
Authors: Hitzenberger Jakob F. , Dral Pavlo O. , Meinhardt Ute , Clark Timothy , Thiel Walter , Kivala Milan , Drewello Thomas
Published: December 2016

Invited for this month's cover are the collaborating groups at the Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU), Germany and at the Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, Germany. The cover picture shows the symbiosis of quantum chemical theory and gas‐phase collision experiment investigating the influence of the electronic state on stability of the radical cation ([M]+.) and protonated triangulene ([M+H]+). The dissociation of the radical cation requires less energy due to the formation of an energetically favored extended aromatic π‐system. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201600416.
Community structure affects trophic ontogeny in a predatory fish
Authors: Sánchez‐Hernández Javier , Eloranta Antti P. , Finstad Anders G. , Amundsen Per‐Arne
Published: December 2016

While most studies have focused on the timing and nature of ontogenetic niche shifts, information is scarce about the effects of community structure on trophic ontogeny of top predators. We investigated how community structure affects ontogenetic niche shifts (i.e., relationships between body length, trophic position, and individual dietary specialization) of a predatory fish, brown trout (Salmo trutta). We used stable isotope and stomach content analyses to test how functional characteristics of lake fish community compositions (competition and prey availability) modulate niche shifts in terms of (i) piscivorous behavior, (ii) trophic position, and (iii) individual dietary specialization. Northern Scandinavian freshwater fish communities were used as a study system, including nine subarctic lakes with contrasting fish community configurations: (i) trout‐only systems, (ii) two‐species systems (brown trout and Arctic charr [Salvelinus alpinus] coexisting), and (iii) three‐species systems (brown trout, Arctic charr, and three‐spined sticklebacks [Gasterosteus aculeatus] coexisting). We expected that the presence of profitable small prey (stickleback) and mixed competitor–prey fish species (charr) supports early piscivory and high individual dietary specialization among trout in multispecies communities, whereas minor ontogenetic shifts were expected in trout‐only systems. From logistic regression models, the presence of a suitable prey fish species (stickleback) emerged as the principal variable determining the size at ontogenetic niche shifts. Generalized additive mixed models indicated that fish community structure shaped ontogenetic niche shifts in trout, with the strongest positive relationships between body length, trophic position, and individual dietary specialization being observed in three‐species communities. Our findings revealed that the presence of a small‐sized prey fish species (stickleback) rather than a mixed competitor–prey fish species (charr) was an important factor affecting the ontogenetic niche‐shift processes of trout. The study demonstrates that community structure may modulate the ontogenetic diet trajectories of and individual niche specialization within a top predator.
Convergent evolution in social swallows (Aves: Hirundinidae)
Authors: Johnson Allison E. , Mitchell Jonathan S. , Brown Mary Bomberger
Published: December 2016

Behavioral shifts can initiate morphological evolution by pushing lineages into new adaptive zones. This has primarily been examined in ecological behaviors, such as foraging, but social behaviors may also alter morphology. Swallows and martins (Hirundinidae) are aerial insectivores that exhibit a range of social behaviors, from solitary to colonial breeding and foraging. Using a well‐resolved phylogenetic tree, a database of social behaviors, and morphological measurements, we ask how shifts from solitary to social breeding and foraging have affected morphological evolution in the Hirundinidae. Using a threshold model of discrete state evolution, we find that shifts in both breeding and foraging social behavior are common across the phylogeny of swallows. Solitary swallows have highly variable morphology, while social swallows show much less absolute variance in all morphological traits. Metrics of convergence based on both the trajectory of social lineages through morphospace and the overall morphological distance between social species scaled by their phylogenetic distance indicate strong convergence in social swallows, especially socially foraging swallows. Smaller physical traits generally observed in social species suggest that social species benefit from a distinctive flight style, likely increasing maneuverability and foraging success and reducing in‐flight collisions within large flocks. These results highlight the importance of sociality in species evolution, a link that had previously been examined only in eusocial insects and primates.
Effects of biotic interactions on modeled species' distribution can be masked by environmental gradients
Authors: Godsoe William , Franklin Janet , Blanchet F. Guillaume
Published: December 2016

A fundamental goal of ecology is to understand the determinants of species' distributions (i.e., the set of locations where a species is present). Competition among species (i.e., interactions among species that harms each of the species involved) is common in nature and it would be tremendously useful to quantify its effects on species' distributions. An approach to studying the large‐scale effects of competition or other biotic interactions is to fit species' distributions models (SDMs) and assess the effect of competitors on the distribution and abundance of the species of interest. It is often difficult to validate the accuracy of this approach with available data. Here, we simulate virtual species that experience competition. In these simulated datasets, we can unambiguously identify the effects that competition has on a species' distribution. We then fit SDMs to the simulated datasets and test whether we can use the outputs of the SDMs to infer the true effect of competition in each simulated dataset. In our simulations, the abiotic environment influenced the effects of competition. Thus, our SDMs often inferred that the abiotic environment was a strong predictor of species abundance, even when the species' distribution was strongly affected by competition. The severity of this problem depended on whether the competitor excluded the focal species from highly suitable sites or marginally suitable sites. Our results highlight how correlations between biotic interactions and the abiotic environment make it difficult to infer the effects of competition using SDMs.
B cell subsets are modulated during allergic airway inflammation but are not required for the development of respiratory tolerance in a murine model
Authors: Habener Anika , Behrendt Ann‐Kathrin , Skuljec Jelena , Jirmo Adan Chari , Meyer‐Bahlburg Almut , Hansen Gesine
Published: December 2016

Allergic asthma is a widespread chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. The role of different B cell subsets in developing asthma and respiratory tolerance is not well known. Especially regulatory B (Breg) cells are proposed to be important in asthma regulation. Using wild‐type (WT) and B cell‐deficient (μMT) mice we investigated how B cells are affected by induction of allergic airway inflammation and respiratory tolerance and whether they are necessary to develop these conditions. WT mice with an asthma‐like phenotype, characterized by increased airway hyper reactivity, eosinophilic airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion and elevated Th2 cytokines, exhibited increased MHCII and CD23 expression on follicular mature B cells in lung, bronchial lymph nodes (bLN) and spleen, which contributed to allergen‐specific T cell proliferation in vitro. Germinal center B cell numbers were elevated and associated with increased production of allergen‐specific immunoglobulins especially in bLN. In contrast, respiratory tolerance clearly attenuated these B cell alterations and directly enhanced marginal zone precursor B cells, which induced regulatory T cells in vitro. However, μMT mice developed asthma‐like and tolerized phenotypes like WT mice. Our data indicate that although B cell subsets are affected by asthma‐like and respiratory tolerant phenotypes, B cells are not required for tolerance induction.
Influenza and dengue virus co‐infection impairs monocyte recruitment to the lung, increases dengue virus titers, and exacerbates pneumonia
Authors: Schmid Michael A. , González Karla N. , Shah Sanjana , Peña José , Mack Matthias , Talarico Laura B. , Polack Fernando P. , Harris Eva
Published: December 2016

Co‐infections of influenza virus and bacteria are known to cause severe disease, but little information exists on co‐infections with other acute viruses. Seasonal influenza and dengue viruses (DENV) regularly co‐circulate in tropical regions. The pandemic spread of influenza virus H1N1 (hereafter H1N1) in 2009 led to additional severe disease cases that were co‐infected with DENV. Here, we investigated the impact of co‐infection on immune responses and pathogenesis in a new mouse model. Co‐infection of otherwise sublethal doses of a Nicaraguan clinical H1N1 isolate and two days later with a virulent DENV2 strain increased systemic DENV titers and caused 90% lethality. Lungs of co‐infected mice carried both viruses, developed severe pneumonia, and expressed a unique pattern of host mRNAs, resembling only partial responses against infection with either virus alone. A large number of monocytes were recruited to DENV‐infected but not to co‐infected lungs, and depletion and adoptive transfer experiments revealed a beneficial role of monocytes. Our study shows that co‐infection with influenza and DENV impairs host responses, which fail to control DENV titers and instead, induce severe lung damage. Further, our findings identify key inflammatory pathways and monocyte function as targets for future therapies that may limit immunopathology in co‐infected patients.
ThPt3+xBe (x= 0.08): Crystal Structure and Physical Properties
Authors: Gumeniuk Roman , Kohout Miroslav , Schnelle Walter , Burkhardt Ulrich , Zschornak Matthias , Leithe‐Jasper Andreas
Published: December 2016

ThPt3+xBe (x= 0.08) is synthesized by arc melting of a mixture of the elements. It crystallizes with its own type of structure [space groupI4/mmm(No. 139),a= 7.7370(4),c= 11.4990(6) Å], which can be related to the cubic Ru3Sn7and W2Cr21C6types. Measurements of magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity and specific heat indicate ThPt3+xBe (x= 0.08) to be a diamagnet [χ0= –9.0(3) × 10–6emu mol–1] with metallic electrical resistivity, in good agreement with the calculated electronic structure [N(EF) = 3.2 states eV–1 f.u.–1]. A chemical bonding analysis was performed by the QTAIM and ELI‐D approaches.
Nonlethal laparoscopic detection of intersex (testicular oocytes) in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu)
Authors: MacLeod Alexander H. , Blazer Vicki S. , Matsche Mark A. , Yonkos Lance T.
Published: December 2016

Intersex in wild fish populations has received considerable attention in the scientific literature and public media. Conventional detection of testicular oocytes, the presence of immature oocytes within testis of male fish, commonly employs transverse sectioning of excised testis and is lethal. The present study used a nonlethal laparoscopic technique to collect biopsies of testis from black bass, entering the body cavity via the genital pore. Detection of testicular oocytes was compared between biopsy and conventional methods using 79 smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) from 8 sites and 68 largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) from 4 sites. The 2 methods performed similarly at sites where testicular oocyte severity was moderate or high (6 of 8 smallmouth bass sites), whereas transverse sectioning resulted in superior testicular oocyte detection at sites where severity was low (2 of 8 smallmouth bass sites and all 4 largemouth bass sites). In smallmouth bass, testicular oocyte prevalence by transverse and biopsy methods was strongly correlated across sites (r2 = 0.81) and severity reported by enumeration of testicular oocytes was moderately correlated across sites (r2 = 0.59). Survival of a subset of largemouth bass (n = 20) to 28 d after laparoscopic surgery was 90%. The present research indicates that laparoscopy may be useful for monitoring the prevalence and severity of testicular oocytes in Micropterus species, particularly when lethal sampling is precluded. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1924–1933. © 2016 SETAC
Linking Composite Scores: Effects of Anchor Test Length and Content Representativeness
Authors: Lin Peng , Dorans Neil , Weeks Jonathan
Published: December 2016

The nonequivalent groups with anchor test (NEAT) design is frequently used in test score equating or linking. One important assumption of the NEAT design is that the anchor test is a miniversion of the 2 tests to be equated/linked. When the content of the 2 tests is different, it is not possible for the anchor test to be adequately representative of both tests. Lin and Dorans conducted a simulation study in 2010 to investigate the effect of content representativeness of the anchor test on linking via different linking methods when the 2 tests are nonparallel in content structure in the unique case where the groups are equivalent. The current study extends the Lin and Dorans study to the case with nonequivalent group data. Specifically, the current study investigates the impact of content representativeness and length of anchor test on linking when the 2 tests are multidimensional and nonparallel in content structure. The NEAT design was employed. The linking results from 3 classic linear equating methods—Levine observed score, Tucker equating, and chained linear—were examined. The results from the study indicated that equating the tests with different structure should be avoided. For equatings with anchor test, additional bias is likely to be introduced by using an inadequate anchor test.