bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An efficient and secure quantum blind signature‐based electronic cash transaction scheme
Authors: Gupta Aman , Chandra Gunja Venkat , Das Nayana , Paul Goutam
Published: September 2024

The authors present a novel token exchange scheme with an example of an electronic cash (eCash) transaction scheme that ensures quantum security, addressing the vulnerabilities of existing models in the face of quantum computing threats. The authors’ comprehensive analysis of various quantum blind signature mechanisms revealed significant shortcomings in their applicability to eCash transactions and their resilience against quantum adversaries. In response, the authors drew inspiration from D. Chaum's original classical eCash scheme and innovated a quantum‐secure transaction framework. The authors detail the developed protocol and rigorously evaluate its security aspects. The protocol's adherence to critical security requirements such as blindness, non‐forgeability, non‐deniability, and prevention of double spending is analysed. Moreover, the scheme against Intercept and Resend, Denial of Service, Man‐in‐the‐Middle, and Entangle‐and‐Measure attacks is rigorously tested. The authors’ findings indicate a robust eCash transaction model capable of withstanding the challenges posed by quantum computing advancements.
RedDots: Limits on habitable and undetected planets orbiting nearby stars GJ 832, GJ 674, and Ross 128
Authors: Liebing F. , Jeffers S. V. , Gorrini P. , Haswell C. A. , Dreizler S. , Barnes J. R. , Hartogh C. , Koseleva V. , Del Sordo F. , Amado P. J. , Caballero J. A. , López-González M. J. , Morales N. , Reiners A. , Ribas I. , Quirrenbach A. , Rodríguez E. , Tal-Or L. , Tsapras Y.
Published: September 2024

Context. The nearby (d < 5 pc) M dwarfs GJ 832, GJ 674, and Ross 128 each host a single exoplanet, with Ross 128 b located within the optimistic habitable zone. Due to their low mass and close proximity, these three systems are prime candidates for further characterization studies.

Aims. Using HARPS spectroscopic data obtained by the RedDots campaign, as well as archival data from HARPS and CARMENES, supplemented with ASH2 and T90 photometry, we aim to search for additional planets in the three systems. We also aim to determine limits on possible undetected, habitable planets. We investigate (i) the reliability of the recovered orbital eccentricities and (ii) the reliability of Bayesian evidence as a diagnostic for selecting the best model.

Methods. We employed Markov-chain Monte Carlo, nested sampling, and Gaussian process (GP) analyses to fit a total of 20 different models comprising 0–2 Keplerian signals and three different GP kernels for stellar activity. We used the residuals to create grids for injection-recovery simulations to obtain detection limits on potentially undiscovered planets.

Results. Our refined orbital elements for GJ 832 b, GJ 674 b, and Ross 128 b confirm (GJ 832, GJ 674) or increase (Ross 128) prior eccentricity determinations. No additional planets were found in any of the systems. The detection limits obtained for all three systems are between 30 and 50 cm s−1 for orbital periods in the range of 1–10 000 days. This corresponds to habitable planet masses of <1.5M⊕for GJ 832 and < 1M⊕ for GJ 674 and Ross 128. Using N-body simulations, we find that undiscovered secondary planets are unlikely (Ross 128) or incapable (GJ 674) of having caused the observed eccentricities of the known planets. We find that the eccentricity of GJ 832b is not significantly different from zero.

Conclusions. GJ 832 b, GJ 674 b, and Ross 128 b retain their status as hosting lonely and (for the latter two) eccentric planets (e = 0.04, 0.24, 0.21; respectively). This is unexpected in classical planet formation scenarios, which favor circular orbits and multiplanet configurations, demonstrating that planet formation in these cases is more complicated than traditionally thought. Additionally, the eccentricity of Ross 128 indicates that it spends some of its orbit outside of the optimistic habitable zone. Finally, our results show that Bayesian evidence, when used in conjunction with GP, is not a robust diagnostic for selecting the best model in cases of low- activity stars. In such cases, we advise an inspection of the shapes of the posterior distributions and to ensure that relevant simulations are performed to assess the validity of the perceived best model.
ESPRESSO reveals blueshifted neutral iron emission lines on the dayside of WASP-76 b
Authors: Costa Silva A.R. , Demangeon O. D. S. , Santos N. C. , Ehrenreich D. , Lovis C. , Chakraborty H. , Lendl M. , Pepe F. , Cristiani S. , Rebolo R. , Zapatero-Osorio M. R. , Adibekyan V. , Alibert Y. , Allart R. , Allende Prieto C. , Azevedo Silva T. , Borsa F. , Bourrier V. , Cristo E. , Di Marcantonio P. , Esparza-Borges E. , Figueira P. , González Hernández J. I. , Herrero-Cisneros E. , Lo Curto G. , Martins C. J. A. P. , Mehner A. , Nunes N. J. , Palle E. , Pelletier S. , Seidel J. V. , Silva A. M. , Sousa S. G. , Sozzetti A. , Steiner M. , Suárez Mascareño A. , Udry S.
Published: September 2024

Context. Ultra hot Jupiters (gas giants with Teq > 2000 K) are intriguing exoplanets due to the extreme physics and chemistry present in their atmospheres. Their torrid daysides can be characterised using ground-based high-resolution emission spectroscopy.

Aims. We search for signatures of neutral and singly ionised iron (Fe I and Fe II, respectively) in the dayside of the ultra hot Jupiter WASP-76 b, as these species were detected via transmission spectroscopy in this exoplanet. Furthermore, we aim to confirm the existence of a thermal inversion layer, which has been reported in previous studies, and attempt to constrain its properties.

Methods. We observed WASP-76 b on four epochs with ESPRESSO at the VLT, at orbital phases shortly before and after the secondary transit, when the dayside is in view. We present the first analysis of high-resolution optical emission spectra for this exoplanet. We compare the data to synthetic templates created with petitRADTRANS, using cross-correlation function techniques.

Results. We detect a blueshifted (−4.7 ± 0.3 km s−1) Fe I emission signature on the dayside of WASP-76 b at 6.0σ. The signal is detected independently both before and after the eclipse, and it is blueshifted in both cases. The presence of iron emission features confirms the existence of a thermal inversion layer. Fe II was not detected, possibly because this species is located in the upper layers of the atmosphere, which are more optically thin. Thus the Fe II signature on the dayside of WASP-76 b is too weak to be detected with emission spectroscopy.

Conclusions. We propose that the blueshifted Fe I signature is created by material rising from the hot spot to the upper layers of the atmosphere, and discuss possible scenarios related to the position of the hotspot. This work unveils some of the dynamic processes ongoing on the dayside of the ultra hot Jupiter WASP-76 b through the analysis of the Fe I signature from its atmosphere, and complements previous knowledge obtained from transmission studies. It also highlights the ability of ESPRESSO to probe the dayside of this class of exoplanets.
Classifying binary black holes from Population III stars with the Einstein Telescope: A machine-learning approach
Authors: Santoliquido Filippo , Dupletsa Ulyana , Tissino Jacopo , Branchesi Marica , Iacovelli Francesco , Iorio Giuliano , Mapelli Michela , Gerosa Davide , Harms Jan , Pasquato Mario
Published: September 2024

Third-generation (3G) gravitational-wave detectors such as the Einstein Telescope (ET) will observe binary black hole (BBH) mergers at redshifts up to z ∼ 100. However, an unequivocal determination of the origin of high-redshift sources will remain uncertain because of the low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and poor estimate of their luminosity distance. This study proposes a machine-learning approach to infer the origins of high-redshift BBHs. We specifically differentiate those arising from Population III (Pop. III) stars, which probably are the first progenitors of star-born BBH mergers in the Universe, and those originated from Population I-II (Pop. I–II) stars. We considered a wide range of models that encompass the current uncertainties on Pop. III BBH mergers. We then estimated the parameter errors of the detected sources with ET using the Fisher information-matrix formalism, followed by a classification using XGBOOST, which is a machine-learning algorithm based on decision trees. For a set of mock observed BBHs, we provide the probability that they belong to the Pop. III class while considering the parameter errors of each source. In our fiducial model, we accurately identify ≳10% of the detected BBHs that originate from Pop. III stars with a precision > 90%. Our study demonstrates that machine-learning enables us to achieve some pivotal aspects of the ET science case by exploring the origin of individual high-redshift GW observations. We set the basis for further studies, which will integrate additional simulated populations and account for further uncertainties in the population modeling.
The GAPS Programme at TNG
Authors: Filomeno S. , Biazzo K. , Baratella M. , Benatti S. , D’Orazi V. , Desidera S. , Mancini L. , Messina S. , Polychroni D. , Turrini D. , Cabona L. , Carleo I. , Damasso M. , Malavolta L. , Mantovan G. , Nardiello D. , Scandariato G. , Sozzetti A. , Zingales T. , Andreuzzi G. , Antoniucci S. , Bignamini A. , Bonomo A. S. , Claudi R. , Cosentino R. , Fiorenzano A. F. M. , Fonte S. , Harutyunyan A. , Knapic C.
Published: September 2024

Context. The study of exoplanets at different evolutionary stages can shed light on their formation, migration, and evolution. The determination of exoplanet properties depends on the properties of their host stars. It is therefore important to characterise the host stars for accurate knowledge on their planets.

Aims. Our final goal is to derive, in a homogeneous and accurate way, the stellar atmospheric parameters and elemental abundances of ten young TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) transiting planet-hosting GK stars followed up with the HARPS-N (High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher for the Northern hemisphere) at TNG (Telescopio Nazionale Galileo) spectrograph within the Global Architecture of Planetary Systems (GAPS) programme.

Methods. We derived stellar kinematic properties, atmospheric parameters, and abundances of 18 elements. Depending on stellar parameters and chemical elements, we used methods based on line equivalent widths and spectral synthesis. Lithium line measurements were used as approximate age estimations. We exploited chemical abundances and their ratios to derive information on planetary composition.

Results. Elemental abundances and kinematic properties are consistent with the nearby Galactic thin disk. All targets show C/O<0.8 and 1.0<Mg/Si<1.5, compatible with an interpretation of silicate mantles made of a mixture of pyroxene and olivine assemblages for any rocky planets around them. The Fe/Mg ratios, with values of ~0.7–1.0, show a propensity for the planets to have big (iron) cores. All stars hosting very low-mass planets show Mg/Si values consistent with the Earth values, thus demonstrating their similar mantle composition. Hot Jupiter host stars show a lower content of O/Si, which could be related to the lower presence of water content. We confirm a trend found in the literature between stellar [O/Fe] and total planetary mass, implying an important role of the O in shaping the mass fraction of heavy elements in stars and their disks.

Conclusions. Exploring the composition of planets through the use of elemental abundances of their hosting stars holds promise for future investigations, particularly with large samples. Meanwhile, the detailed host star abundances provided can be employed for further studies on the composition of the planets within the current sample, when their atmospheres will be exploited.
X-ray and optical observations of the millisecond pulsar binary PSR J1431–4715
Authors: de Martino D. , Phosrisom A. , Dhillon V. S. , Torres D. F. , Coti Zelati F. , Breton R. P. , Marsh T. R. , Miraval Zanon A. , Rea N. , Papitto A.
Published: September 2024

We present the first X-ray observation of the energetic millisecond pulsar binary PSR J1431−4715, performed with XMM-Newton and complemented with fast optical multi-band photometry acquired with the ULTRACAM instrument at ESO-NTT. It is found as a faint X-ray source without a significant orbital modulation. This contrasts with the majority of systems that instead display substantial X-ray orbital variability. The X-ray spectrum is dominated by non-thermal emission and, due to the lack of orbital modulation, does not favour an origin in an intrabinary shock between the pulsar and companion star wind. While thermal emission from the neutron star polar cap cannot be excluded in the soft X-rays, the dominance of synchrotron emission favours an origin in the pulsar magnetosphere that we describe at both X-ray and gamma-ray energies with a synchro-curvature model. The optical multi-colour light curve folded at the 10.8 h orbital period is double-humped and dominated by ellipsoidal effects, but also affected by irradiation. The ULTRACAM light curves are fit with several models encompassing direct heating and a cold spot, or heat redistribution after irradiation either through convection or convection plus diffusion. Despite the inability to constrain the best irradiation models, the fits provide consistent system parameters, giving an orbital inclination of 59 ± 6° and a distance of 3.1 ± 0.3 kpc. The companion is found to be an F-type star, underfilling its Roche lobe (fRL = 73 ± 4%) with a mass of 0.20 ± 0.04 M⊙, confirming the redback status, but hotter than the majority of redbacks. The stellar dayside and nightside temperatures of 7500 K and 7400 K, respectively, indicate a weak irradiation effect on the companion, likely due to its high intrinsic luminosity. Although the pulsar mass cannot be precisely derived, a heavy (1.8−2.2 M⊙) neutron star is favoured.
A comprehensive study of five candidate δ Scuti-type pulsators in detached eclipsing binaries
Authors: Pawar T. , Hełminiak K. G. , Moharana A. , Pawar G. , Pyatnytskyy M. , Lala H. N. , Konacki M.
Published: September 2024

Context. Pulsating stars in eclipsing binaries (EBs) provide an excellent opportunity to obtain precise, model-independent stellar parameters for studying these oscillations in detail. One of the most common classes of pulsators found in such EBs exhibits δ Scuti-type oscillations. Characterising these pulsators using the precise stellar parameters obtained using EB modelling can help us better understand such stars, and provide strong anchors for asteroseismic studies.

Aims. We performed a comprehensive photometric and spectroscopic analysis of candidate pulsators in detached EBs, to add to the sample of such systems with accurately determined absolute parameters.

Methods. We performed radial velocity and light curve modelling to estimate the absolute stellar parameters, and detailed spectroscopic modelling to obtain the global metallicity and temperatures. Frequency power spectra were obtained using residuals from binary modelling. Finally, we used isochrones to determine the age of the stars, and compared the estimated physical parameters to the theoretically obtained values.

Results. We present a detailed analysis of four candidate δ Scuti-type pulsators in EBs, and update the light curve analysis of the previously studied system TIC 308953703. The masses and radii of components are constrained to a high accuracy, which helps us constrain the age of the systems. We perform a Fourier analysis of the observed oscillations, and try to explain their origin. For TIC 81702112, we report tidal effects causing amplitude variation in the oscillation frequencies over the orbital phase.
Disruption of exo-asteroids around white dwarfs and the release of dust particles in debris rings in co-orbital motion
Authors: Antoniadou Kyriaki I. , Veras Dimitri
Published: September 2024

Context. Close to the Roche radius of a white dwarf (WD), an asteroid on a circular orbit sheds material that then adopts a very similar orbit. Observations of the resulting debris show a periodic behaviour and changes in flux on short timescales, implying ongoing dynamical activity. Additional encounters from other minor planets may then yield co-orbital rings of debris at different inclinations. The structure, dynamics, and lifetime of these debris discs remains highly uncertain, but is important for understanding WD planetary systems.

Aims. We aim to identify and quantify the locations of co-orbitals in WD–asteroid–dust particle three-body systems by exploring the influence of 1:1 resonant periodic orbits. We begin this exploration with co-planar and inclined orbits in the circular restricted three- body problem (CRTBP) and model the dynamical evolution of these exosystems over observable timescales. The mass ratio parameter for this class of systems (≈2 × 10−11) is one of the lowest ever explored in this dynamical configuration.

Methods. We computed the periodic orbits, deduced their linear stability, and suitably seeded the dynamical stability (DS) maps. We carried out a limited suite of N-body simulations to provide direct comparisons with the DS maps.

Results. We derive novel results for this extreme mass ratio in the CRTBP, including new unstable 3D families. We illustrate through the maps and N-body simulations where dust can exist in a stable configuration over observable timescales across a wide expanse of parameter space in the absence of strong external forces.

Conclusions. Over a timescale of 10 years, the maximum orbital period deviations of stable debris due to the co-orbital perturbations of the asteroid is about a few seconds. Unstable debris in a close encounter with the asteroid typically deviates from the co-orbital configuration by more than about 20 km and is on a near-circular orbit with an eccentricity lower than ≈0.01.
Behaarungszustand und Hautkolorit nach Brustrekonstruktion mittels
Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator-Lappenplastik und anschließender
Rekonstruktion des Mamillen-Areolen-Komplexes
Authors: Bräuer Yi , Langer Jan , Lohmeyer Jörn Andreas , Deindl Philipp , Keck Maike
Published: September 2024

Einleitung Obwohl die DIEP (Deep inferior epigastric
perforator)-Lappenplastik der Goldstandard der Brustrekonstruktion ist, sind
Langzeitergebnisse bezüglich der postoperativen Behaarung und des Hautcolorits
des Lappens in der Literatur nur wenig beschrieben.

Methoden Patientinnen, die sich zwischen 2010 und 2019 einer
Brustrekonstruktion mittels DIEP-Lappenplastik und einer anschließenden
MAK-Rekonstruktion unterzogen haben, wurden zur Befragung und klinischen
Untersuchung in unsere Klinik eingeladen. Insgesamt wurden 781 Patientinnen
eingeladen. Die Befragung umfasste den BREAST-Q und einen studienspezifischen
Fragebogen. Die klinische Untersuchung umfasste spezifische Messungen der
postoperativen Behaarung und des Hautcolorits.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 179 Patientinnen untersucht, bei denen 203
Brüste rekonstruiert wurden. Nur Brüste mit einem oberflächlich sichtbaren
Lappen wurden in die weitere Auswertung aufgenommen. Insgesamt konnten 109
DIEP-Lappenplastiken und 77 MAK-Rekonstruktionen ausgewertet werden. In der von
den Patientinnen durchgeführten Umfrage berichteten 27,5% (30 von 109) über eine
zusätzliche Behaarung des Lappens und 62,4% (68 von 109) über einen Unterschied
in der Hautfarbe des Lappens im Vergleich zur umgebenden Haut. Bei der
klinischen Untersuchung wurde ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen dem
Hautcolorit des Lappens im Vergleich zur umgebenden Haut und des Hautcolorits
der rekonstruierten MAK im Vergleich zur vorhandenen ursprünglichen MAK
festgestellt. In beiden Fällen erschienen die Rekonstruktionen deutlich “heller”
(P<0,05). Mit Hilfe des BREAST-Qs wurde kein signifikanter Unterschied der
Gesamtzufriedenheit zwischen Patientinnen mit und ohne Behaarung festgestellt.
Auch der Farbunterschied hatte keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die
Zufriedenheit der Patientinnen.

Schlussfolgerung Eine zusätzliche Behaarung der Brust und ein
unterschiedlicher Hautcolorit sind relevant und sollten präoperativ kommuniziert
werden.
Forensic Age Determination Using MRI Scans of the Ankle: Applying Two Classifications to Assess Ossification
Authors: Wernsing Maximilian Frederic , Malokaj Valesa , Kunz Sebastian Nico , Beer Meinrad , Vogele Daniel
Published: September 2024

In forensic age determination, e.g. for legal proceedings, exceeded age limits may be relevant. To investigate age-related differences in skeletal development, the recommendations of the Study Group on Forensic Age Diagnostics (AGFAD) rely on imaging techniques using ionizing radiation (including orthopantomograms and radiographs of the hand). Vieth et al. and Ottow et al. have proposed MRI classifications for epi-/diaphyseal fusion of the knee joint to determine different age limits. The aim of the present study was to verify whether these two classifications could also be applied to MRI of the ankle.

MRI images of the ankle from 333 patients (160 female, 173 male) ranging in age from 10 to 28 years were retrospectively analyzed. T1-weighted turbo spin-echo (TSE) sequences and T2-weighted fat-suppressed sequences were analyzed for the two classifications. The different ossification stages of the two classifications were determined and the corresponding chronological ages were assigned. In addition, gender-specific differences were analyzed. Intra- and inter-observer variability was determined using Cohen’s kappa.

With the classification of Ottow et al., the completion of the 14th year of life could be determined in both sexes. With the classification of Vieth et al, the completion of the 14th year of life could be determined in both sexes and the 18th year of life in male patients. Intra-observer and inter-observer variability was very good and good, respectively (κ > 0.87 and κ > 0.72).

In the present study, it was also possible to use both classifications for MRI of the ankle joint. The method offers the potential of an alternative or at least supplementary radiation-free assessment criterion in forensic age estimation.
Endovascular therapy in intermittent claudication: Impact of IVUS guidance on treatment decisions
Authors: Hartung Viktor , Augustin Anne Marie , Gruschwitz Philipp , Grunz Jan-Peter , Knarr Jonas , Kickuth Ralph
Published: September 2024

Conservative therapy is favored over revascularization for patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and intermittent claudication (IC) owing to the better long-term results. The adjunctive use of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) significantly improves endovascular therapy. However, data on IVUS and IC is scarce. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to determine the safety and efficacy of IVUS in patients with IC and to evaluate discrepancies compared to angiography and potential consequences for treatment.

This was a single-center prospective cohort study. Twenty patients with IC and femoropopliteal disease eligible for endovascular therapy were enrolled. Procedural data and discrepancies between IVUS and angiography were recorded.

In total, 30 lesions were treated. IVUS-based measurements yielded substantially higher reference vessel diameters (RVD) and lesion lengths compared to DSA alone (RVD: 5.37 ± 0.71 mm vs. 4.74 ± 0.63 mm, p<.001, lesion length: 62.4 ± 41.4 mm vs. 42.18 ± 30.2 mm, p<.001). In 24 of 30 lesions (80%), a significant discrepancy in RVD (defined as difference >0.5 mm) and lesion length (defined as >20 mm) was determined between IVUS and standard DSA. Subsequently, IVUS assessment led to upsizing in 14 of 30 lesions (47%) and downsizing in 3 of 30 lesions (10%). On average, IVUS led to the selection of considerably larger balloons (5.25 ± 0.62 vs. 4.74 ± 0.63, p<.004) and device length (78.97 ± 44.19 mm vs. 42.18 ± 30.2, p<.001). Serious adverse events did not occur. Technical success was achieved in all cases.

IVUS is safe and provides advantages regarding the evaluation of IC by depicting RVD and lesion length more reliably than standard DSA. More precise assessment of lesions resulted in the use of significantly larger devices.

Hartung V, Augustin AM, Gruschwitz P et al. Endovascular therapy in intermittent claudication: Impact of IVUS guidance on treatment decisions. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2024; DOI 10.1055/a-2379-8857
A Practical Guide to SuFEx Chemistry: An Overview of S(VI)-SuFEx Linkers and Their Reactivity
Authors: Serbetci Defne , Marraffa Laura , Luisi Renzo , Natho Philipp , Andresini Michael
Published: September 2024

Sulfur(VI)–fluoride exchange (SuFEx) is a second generation, metal-free click chemistry concept introduced by Sharpless in 2014. Since the introduction of the concept, a large variety of synthetic methodologies to S(VI)-SuFEx hubs, and their derivatization with oxygen-, nitrogen-, and carbon-based nucleophiles have been developed. Herein, we provide a concise and practical overview for their preparation, SuFExability, inclusive of which substituents are tolerated. The stereoselective synthesis of aza-derivatives is also discussed.

1 Introduction

2 Synthesis of SuFEx Hubs

2.1 Sulfonyl Fluorides

2.2 Fluorosulfates

2.3 Sulfamoyl Fluorides

2.4 Sulfonimidoyl Fluorides

2.5 Sulfuramidimidoyl Fluorides and Sulfurofluoridoimidates

2.6 Sulfondiimidoyl Fluorides

3 Reactivity of SuFEx Hubs

3.1 Reactivity of Sulfonyl Fluorides

3.2 Reactivity of Fluorosulfates

3.3 Reactivity of Sulfamoyl Fluorides

3.4 Reactivity of Sulfonimidoyl Fluorides

3.5 Reactivity of Sulfurofluoridoimidates

3.6 Reactivity of Sulfondiimidoyl Fluorides

4 Stereochemical Considerations in SuFEx Chemistry

5 Conclusion and Outlook
Platinum-Catalyzed Deoxygenation of N-Acyloxyamines
Authors: Ali Kashif , Cho Eun Jin
Published: September 2024

We report a Pt-catalyzed double deoxygenative transformation of N-acyloxyamines, employing PtCl2 catalyst without external ligand under mild conditions. This method facilitates efficient C–N bond formation and can be used to synthesize a broad spectrum of alkylated secondary and tertiary amines with excellent yields. The adaptability and effectiveness of this approach highlight the potential of platinum catalysis to extend beyond traditional synthetic boundaries.
The Influence of Preimplant Balancing on Manipulation under Anesthesia Rates following Imageless Robotic-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Butler Justin T. , Stegelmann Samuel D. , Davis Trent , Singleton Amy , Ostlie Hunter , Miller Richard , Davis Kirk
Published: September 2024

Acquired idiopathic stiffness (AIS) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) often requires manipulation under anesthesia (MUA). Robotic-assisted TKA (RA-TKA) systems provide gap balance templates for objective correlation with the rate of AIS. The purpose of this study was to assess intraoperative balancing parameters that were associated with MUA utilizing an “anatomical” implant design.

We performed a retrospective chart review of 265 imageless RA-TKA procedures performed by R.M. and K.D. between 2018 and 2020. The primary outcome for AIS or clinically significant “arthrofibrosis” was MUA. Patient intraoperative gap planning data were examined for association.

The rate of MUA was 8.7% (23/265), which was performed at a mean follow-up time of 75.9 ± 32.2 days. The lateral to medial gap difference in extension was significantly less in patients requiring MUA (odds ratio [OR] = 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75–0.99) (p = 0.034). Significantly less preoperative varus mechanical axis was associated with knees requiring MUA (1.83° vs. 4.04°, OR = 1.09, 95% CI, 1.00–1.19). Decreased templated mechanical axis correction was associated with MUA (2.09° vs. 4.75°, p < 0.0001).

A tighter lateral-to-medial gap in extension, less preoperative varus, and smaller templated mechanical axis corrections were associated with increased rates of MUA.
Recent Advances in Diazophosphonate Chemistry: Reactions and Transformations
Authors: Peng Yungui , Ullah Saif , Hussain Zulfiqar
Published: September 2024

Diazophosphonates function as indispensable synthetic intermediates within the domain of organic chemistry, serving as precursors for a diverse range of molecules, with potential applications as bioactive compounds. α-Diazomethylphosphonates showcase expansive reactivity and elevated levels of enantioselectivity in asymmetric transformations, especially in conjunction with suitable catalyst systems. This review compiles the latest advancements in diazophosphonate chemistry from 2016 to 2024, highlighting their reactivity and transformative potential in organic synthesis. Diazophosphonates, regarded as revolutionary compounds, exhibit unique attributes as carbene precursors, driving diverse chemical reactions such as [3+2] cycloaddition, asymmetric [3+2] cycloaddition, asymmetric [3+3] cycloaddition, and asymmetric substitution reactions. Their adaptability in functional group conversions underscores their pivotal role in various synthetic methodologies. The review highlights the growing interest in diazophosphonate reactions among synthetic chemists, fostering novel synthetic strategies and expanding their application horizons. The multifaceted utility of diazophosphonates as reagents, synthetic intermediates, precursors, and catalysts underscores their significance in modern organic chemistry and pharmaceutical applications, prompting further exploration into this dynamic field.

1 Introduction

2 [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions

3 Asymmetric [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions

4 Asymmetric [3+3] Cycloaddition Reactions

5 Asymmetric Substitution Reactions

6 Diazophosphonates as Carbene Precursors

7 Diazophosphonates in the Chemistry of Fluorinated Compounds

8 Other Reactions

9 Future Directions

10 Conclusion
Evaluation of Mobile Apps Used among Medical Students for Learning and Education: A Mixed-Method Concurrent Triangulation Approach
Authors: Almulhem Jwaher A. , Aldekhyyel Raniah N. , Binkheder Samar
Published: September 2024

Background The use of medical mobile applications (apps) to enhance learning is widespread in medical education. Despite the large number of medical apps used among medical students for learning, many apps have not been evaluated using validated instruments. Finding relevant and valuable apps for student learning might be difficult.

Objective The objective is to evaluate four medical apps (AMBOSS, ISABEL, Medscape, and OSMOSIS) in improving just-in-time learning among medical students using the Mobile App Rubric for Learning (MARuL).

Methods We employed a mixed-method concurrent triangulation approach. The study included the entire population of third-year medical students at King Saud University. These students were selected due to their use of medical apps for learning for at least 1 year. The MARuL, which consists of four measures: Teaching and Learning, User-centered, Professional, and Usability, was electronically distributed to medical students for assessment. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all measures, and thematic content analysis was applied to analyze responses to open-ended questions.

Results The MARuL evaluation revealed that the OSMOSIS app received the highest Usefulness for Learning Score, with Usability Measures being the most positively evaluated measure. Following was the AMBOSS app, which scored highest in the Professional Measures, along with the Medscape and the ISABEL apps. We identified several key features and challenges from analyzing students' responses to open-ended questions regarding the use of the four medical apps. These included six themes: (1) study support and learning tools, (2) comprehensive information, (3) interface experience, (4) cost and accessibility issues, (5) learning methods and content limitations, and (6) user experience and technical issues.

Conclusion Equipping medical students with the ability to evaluate and choose medical apps that facilitate just-in-time learning is a crucial element that should be integrated into the medical curriculum.
Phenotypic Heterogeneity in ORAI-1-Associated Congenital Myopathy
Authors: Baskar Dipti , Vengalil Seena , Polavarapu Kiran , Preethish-Kumar Veeramani , Arunachal Gautham , Sukrutha Ramya , Bardhan Mainak , Huddar Akshata , Unnikrishnan Gopikrishnan , Kulkarni Girish Baburao , Chickabasaviah Yasha T. , Kumar Rashmi Santhosh , Nalini Atchayaram , Nashi Saraswati
Published: September 2024

Introduction ORAI-1 is a plasma membrane calcium release-activated calcium channel that plays a crucial role in the excitation–contraction of skeletal muscles. Loss-of-function mutations of ORAI-1 cause severe combined immunodeficiency, nonprogressive muscle hypotonia, and anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Autosomal dominant gain-of-function mutation causes Stormorken's syndrome, which includes tubular aggregate myopathy along with bleeding diathesis.

Methods This is a description of a genetically confirmed case of ORAI-1-associated myopathy with clinical, histopathological, and imaging characteristics and a detailed literature review.

Results We report an 18-year-old woman who presented with 2-and-a-half year history of slowly progressive proximal lower limb weakness and ophthalmoparesis. Her serum creatine kinase levels were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging of the muscle showed predominant fatty infiltration of the glutei and quadriceps femoris. Histopathological analysis of muscle biopsy was suggestive of congenital fiber-type disproportion (CFTD). Clinical exome sequencing showed novel homozygous nonsense pathogenic variant NC_000012.12 (NM_032790.3): c.205G > T (p.Glu69Ter) in ORAI-1 gene.

Conclusion This report expands the phenotypic spectrum of ORAI-1-related myopathy to include congenital myopathy—CFTD with ophthalmoparesis, a novel manifestation.
Healthy sexuality—not sexual health: for the sexual subject
Authors: Čierna Andrea , Bianchi Gabriel
Published: September 2024

The aim of this paper is to defend the emerging conceptualization of healthy sexuality (Bianchi in Figurations of Human Subjectivity: A Contribution to Second-Order Psychology. Springer, Berlin, 2020) against the traditional authoritative concept of sexual health as defined by the WHO. Becoming a sexual subject means following a sexual trajectory with episodes of one’s own bodily experiences, genital satisfaction, intimate attachment, acceptance of sexual identity, sexual pleasure, mutual sexual satisfaction and planned parenthood. In each of these episodes, the individual may experience feelings of pressure, fear, shame, pain and/or joy and pleasure. The extent to which the subject has a healthy sexuality depends on whether these feelings/emotions facilitate or inhibit healthy sexuality. The concept of healthy sexuality runs counter not only to quantitative statistical demographic measures of sexual health, but also to the existing arsenal of sexology questionnaires. Qualitative empirical research is being conducted into the facilitators and inhibitors of a healthy sexuality (in the first author’s PhD research).
Mouth-controlled mouse for quadriplegic disabled people: System design and validation
Authors: Lin Sheng-Yuan , Tai Cheng-Chi , Lu Tsui-Ping , Wen Miin-Jye
Published: September 2024

Disabled people with a high cervical cord injury or quadriplegia face difficulties when controlling a computer. This study presents a digital mouth-controlled mouse-control aid called the bite-press mouth-controlled mouse (BPMCM) to replace the traditional computer mouse. The BPMCM is equipped with a joystick and micro switch, and the disabled person uses neck and head movements to push the joystick and control the cursor position while the three mouse functions (i.e., left-click, right-click, and drag) are activated by bite-pressing for different time intervals. The proposed design eliminates the sip-and-puff technique and the need to recite orders for reduced adaptation time and increased convenience. Furthermore, this design supports plug-and-play and hot plugging in modern mainstream operating systems that can often be directly operated via mouse functions. Experimental results demonstrated that disabled people using a BPMCM were as capable as healthy participants in operating a computer, with both experiments completed within 5 min, and voluntary disabled people immediately adapted to the BPMCM. The proposed design is expected to allow disabled people to operate computers at the same level as healthy participants. The BPMCM also required only half the physical exertion of other mouth-controlled mouse-control aids that require orders to be recited.
Coupled electro-chemo-viscoelastic constitutive model for a supercapacitor electrode
Authors: Boyd James G. , Loufakis Dimitrios , Lutkenhaus Jodie L.
Published: September 2024

The motion of ions in supercapacitor electrodes produces internal stresses that cause viscoelastic strains. In addition, stresses may be due to external forces applied to structural supercapacitors, which are multifunctional materials that simultaneously store energy and carry structural loads. There are currently no thermodynamics-based models for the coupled electro-chemo-viscoelastic response of electrodes. Here, the same thermodynamics model is used for both the viscoelastic response and the electrochemical response. This mathematical equivalence is a reference from which to study coupling between the viscoelastic and electrochemical responses. The model has two inputs (stress or strain and electric potential or specific charge) and two outputs (strain or stress and specific charge or electric potential). The coupling is studied by adding three constants in the free energy. The convexity of the free energy and the stability of the free response limit the magnitude of the coupling. The unit response matrix is derived, and results are given for the time and frequency domains. The effect of an applied potential on stress is shown to be much more significant than the converse effect. The model compares well to an experiment consisting of a cyclic electric current applied during stress relaxation.
Hydrodynamic instability triggered during thin-film formation by interfacial polymerization
Authors: Ben-Zvi Adi M. , Ramon Guy Z.
Published: September 2024

An exothermic reaction at an immiscible liquid–liquid interface is at the core of several industrial processes and can trigger hydrodynamic instability. Here, we study interfacial polymerization, where a thin film is formed, whose morphology is known to be altered by synthesis conditions, impacting its industrial performance. Particle tracking microscopy is used to quantify fluid motion as a proxy for hydrodynamic instability intensity. Results indicate that, upon increasing polymerization-rate, particle motion transitions from Brownian to directed and is attributed to interfacially driven instabilities; concurrently, film morphology turns from smooth to crumpled. These results provide important insight for improved control over film fabrication.
Rotational flow dynamics of electroosmotic transport of couple stress fluid in a microfluidic channel under electromagnetohydrodynamic and slip-dependent zeta potential effects
Authors: Siva Thota , Dubey Devashish , Jangili Srinivas
Published: September 2024

In this article, the role of slip-dependent (SD) zeta potential in the hydrodynamic characteristics of mixed electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) and electroosmotic driven flow of couple stress fluid within a rotating microfluidic channel is theoretically investigated. This work is the first to analyze the hydrodynamic characteristics of slip-independent (SI) and slip-dependent (SD) zeta potentials in a rotating microchannel including a detailed analysis of Ekmann spirals in the microchannel. Ekmann spirals show the effect of rotational flow caused by different parameters, particularly, the slip parameter and the Hartmann number being the most significant ones. Ekmann plot variations, observed under both SI and SD model cases, show a significant effect on rotating flow dynamics. The effect of pertinent parameters on the rotational flow velocity, centerline velocity, and volumetric flow rate is graphically depicted. The findings of this research reveal that the SD zeta potential plays a crucial role in determining the rotating flow velocity and volume flow transport. The normalized transverse centerline in the magnitude flow velocity increases with the couple stress parameter and decreases with the slip parameter for both SI and SD model cases. Notably, the magnitude of the normalized transverse flow rate increases with rotational parameter values. In contrast, it decreases with an increase in the slip parameter under the SD model case. The outcomes of this study can be directly used in applications like transportation of biofluid models in Lab-On-a-Chip (LOC) devices and microfluidic systems under certain conditions.
Tutorial: Defects in topological semimetals
Authors: Alberi Kirstin , Brooks Chase , Leahy Ian , Lany Stephan
Published: September 2024

Three-dimensional topological semimetals are a class of electronic materials in which their bulk and surface states contain linear band touching nodes near the Fermi level. Like semiconductors, their properties will be affected by point and extended defects in their crystal structures, although the extent to which defects and disorders influence topological semimetals may differ in key ways due to their unique electronic structures. In this Tutorial, we provide an overview of the defects in topological semimetals, covering both computational and experimental methods for exploring defect-property relationships. We also include a discussion on open questions that still need to be explored further.
Impact of ultrathin garnet spacers on the magnetotransport in Tb3Fe5O12/Pt bilayers
Authors: Li Pei Gen , Ng Sheung Mei , Yuan Xin , Zhang Fu Xiang , Wong Hon Fai , Leung Chi Wah
Published: September 2024

We studied the interfacial spin Hall magnetotransport in the Tb3Fe5O12 (TbIG)/Pt system across a non-magnetic [Y3Al5O12 (YAG) and Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG)] spacer with garnet structure. TbIG (30 nm)/spacer samples were grown on single-crystal (GGG) (111) substrates by pulsed laser deposition before 5 nm of Pt was sputtered on the samples and patterned into Hall bars. The YAG spacer thickness (tYAG) dependences of anomalous Hall effect resistance (RAHE) indicated no significant change on the magnetization compensation temperature of TbIG. Hysteretic RAHE loops were observed at low magnetic fields, but with reducing magnitude as tYAG thickness increases. A crossover of the RAHE sign was observed at temperatures below the compensation temperature, which decreased sharply from 135 to 34 K as tYAG increased from 0 to 1 nm. We attributed this to the strong dependence of the magnetic proximity effect toward the YAG insertion in the TbIG/Pt interface. Replacement of the YAG spacer with GGG showed significant impact on the RAHE behavior. No obvious RAHE-H loops were observed in the TbIG/Pt sample inserted with 0.5 nm GGG spacer, which could be linked to the strong magnetic contribution of the Gd ions. This work highlights the tunability of interfacial transport behavior in iron garnet/heavy metal systems through ultrathin spacers, providing guidance for the interfacial design of spintronic devices.
Current loss experiments of a conical MITL and PHC system on a megaampere-class LTD module
Authors: Hong Yaping , Wei Hao , Wang Jiachen , Wu Hanyu , Wang Liangping , Cheng Chuangsi , Li Mo , Qiu Aici
Published: September 2024

A series of current transport experiments of a conical magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL) and a single post-hole convolute (PHC) had been done on a 12-stage linear transformer driver (LTD). The LTD produced a current with a rise time of about 120 ns and a peak varying from 0.5 to 0.8 MA depending on the terminated connection loads. The conical MITL was designed with a constant gap distance of 8 mm, which was equivalent to the MITL segments that are close to the PHC locations in the multi-level conical MITL in tens of megaampere current drivers. A single PHC was also designed to operate at conditions close to those fielded on tens of MA current drivers such as the Z machine. The experiment results indicated that there was almost no current loss along the constant-gap MITL before the peak current even the MITL figure of merit, i.e., E/cB varied from 0.1 to 1. However, the time when current trails appeared gradually advanced. The effects of the geometric sizes on the current transport efficiency of a single PHC were studied. It was indicated that the current transport efficiency of the single PHC was considerable high while the gap distance is larger than 6 mm. Whereas the PHC current loss was increased to about 30% when the gap is 3 mm. The dynamic impedance of the single PHC was obtained. During the pulse, as the plasma diffused, the convolute shunt impedance rapidly decreased, which was consistent with the known mechanism.
Insight into the high-voltage stability of perovskite ionizing radiation detector: From interfacial reaction to performance degradation
Authors: Hao Yingying , Bai Ruichen , Zhang Xin , Wang Tongyang , Liu Wenjie , Dubois Alain , Jie Wanqi , Xu Yadong
Published: September 2024

The stability of perovskite-based ionizing radiation detectors has garnered widespread concern. Here, the Schottky contact devices were fabricated using CsPbBr3 single crystals with either In or Bi as the anode. This research focused on analyzing the peak-centroid and energy resolution of pulse height spectra when illuminated by 241Am α particles. The cause of the operational instability in the Schottky CsPbBr3 devices at high voltage was determined to be the result of chemical and electrochemical reactions between the anode metal and perovskite. These reactions were facilitated by the ion migration within the crystals. Moreover, there was a shift in the energy level of the reacted CsPbBr3, resulting in a decrease in the charge collection efficiency. By utilizing a CsPbBr3 crystal with a high ion migration activation energy of 0.42 eV and a Bi anode that suppresses interface reactions, a peak-centroid variation of less than ±1% under a bias of ∼2667 V·cm−1 over a period of 4 months was obtained. These results are attributed to a comprehensive grasp of the high-voltage stability challenges associated with perovskite ionizing radiation detectors.
Numerical study of shock-induced Richtmyer–Meshkov instability in inhomogeneous heavy fluid layer
Authors: Chen Yanfeng , Jin Tai , Liang Zhenghong , Zou Liyong
Published: September 2024

The shock-induced Richtmyer–Meshkov instability in an inhomogeneous semi-infinite or finite thickness heavy fluid layer is numerically investigated to study the influences of the fluid layer and inhomogeneity on the interface evolution. The initial planar shock wave first propagates in an inhomogeneous light gas, which becomes curved and then interacts with an inhomogeneous heavy fluid layer. The density of the light and heavy fluid is set to a cosine-function distribution along the transverse direction to mimic an inhomogeneous fluid. When the density variation is in-phase in the light and heavy fluid, compared with the semi-infinite layer case, the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability is more pronounced and the amplitude grows faster in the finite thickness fluid layer. The heavy fluid layer is stretched in the flow direction with a larger amplitude. When the density variation is anti-phase, phase reversion occurs for the curved transited shock wave passing through the two interfaces, which induces a totally different evolution of the interface structure that the heavy fluid layer is flat and coarse with a significant jet structure and the amplitude growth was reduced. An efficient prediction model is improved for the development of the interface amplitude in the presence of inhomogeneities in the light gas and heavy fluid layer.