bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatal Myocarditis Associated with Peritonsillar Abscess
Authors: Dickson Robert I. , Roberts Frederick J. , Frederick Francis J.
Published: February 2017

A case report of a patient with tonsillitis and peritonsillar abscess, who subsequently developed fatal myocarditis, is presented. The clinical course and pathological findings are outlined. The rare association of tonsillitis and pharyngitis with non‐rheumatic, non‐diphtheritic, non‐fatal myocarditis was recognized and reported in the pre and early antibiotic era. The present reported case is only the second recent description of fatal myocarditis associated with tonsillitis, and the first ever reported in the English Otolaryngologic literature.
Acute Mastoiditis in Children: A Review of 54 Cases
Authors: Hawkins Donald B. , Dru Denise , House John W. , Clark Richard W.
Published: February 2017

Fifty‐four children with acute mastoiditis were managed at the Los Angeles County‐University of Southern California Medical Center from 1972 through 1982. Our criteria for the diagnosis of acute mastoiditis are acute or subacute otitis media, postauricular swelling and erythema, protrusion of the auricle, and clouding of mastoid air cells on radiographs. Thirty‐one (57%) recovered with conservative therapy consisting of early myringotomy and intravenous antibiotic, usually ampicillin. Twenty‐three patients were managed surgically. The indication for surgery in each case was the clinical diagnosis of subperiosteal abscess; mastoid radiographs played no part in the decision to operate. Two of the 23 patients managed surgically had only incision and drainage of abscess; simple mastoidectomy was performed on 20 and radical mastoidectomy on one. Etiologic bacteria were cultured in 21 instances. S. pyogenes was cultured in 9, S. pneumoniae was cultured in 6, H. nfluenzae in 1, enterococci in 1, anaerobes in 2, and M. tuberculosis in 2.
High Resolution CT Scanning for Detection of Cholesteatoma and Complications in the Postoperative Ear
Authors: Voorhees Richard L. , Johnson Dexter W. , Lufkin Robert B. , Hanafee William , Canalis Rinaldo
Published: February 2017

Otologists who prefer intact canal wall surgery for removal of cholesteatoma recognize a 12–25% return rate. Revisions often indicated to correct hearing loss are frequently negative for recurrent cholesteatoma.

To determine the reliability of a noninvasive method of diagnosing recurrent disease and possible complications, 40 patients previously operated on for cholesteatoma using the intact canal wall technique were scanned with a General Electric 8800 scanner. Second procedures were performed on 24 patients and findings compared with preoperative film interpretations. Scans correctly predicted no significant masses in 6 patients and cholesteatoma recurrence in 11; the remaining 6 with diffuse soft tissue changes were incorrectly diagnosed. Focal areas of bone erosion were detectable in 3 cases, indicating active or potential complications. Scans were reliable in detecting cholesteatoma depending upon the pathology.
A Model for Research on Cochlear Hypoxia
Authors: Hildesheimer M. , Rubinstein M. , Muchnik C. , Sahartiv E.
Published: February 2017

The vessels emerging from one side of the basilar artery are supplied exclusively by the homolateral vertebral artery. Since blood flow is laminar through the vertebrobasilar system, mixing between two sides does not normally occur. Based on this fact, an experimental model for research on cochlear hypoxia is proposed and described. The animal's own blood flow in the vertebral artery is completely replaced by a stream of poorly oxygenated blood injected retrogradely through the ipsilateral axillary artery. In this way, the territory supplied by the vessels emerging from this side of the basilar artery, including the ear, is rendered hypoxic. The changes in the cochlear action potentials induced by the reduced oxygen supply are recorded by a chronically implanted electrode and analyzed.
Mucin Impaction Tumor of The Paranasal Sinuses: A New Clinical Entity?
Authors: Wenig Barry L. , Sciubba James J. , Zielinski Benjamin Z. , Stegnjajic Arsen , Abramson Allan L.
Published: February 2017

A variety of uncommon benign lesions occur in the paranasal sinuses and have been reported to masquerade as carcinomas. Nearly all of such cases have been limited to the frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid sinuses with an isolated report of maxillary sinus involvement. The classic roentgenologic picture is that of bony destruction.

Heretofore described destructive lesions of the maxillary sinus include the mucocele, mucous retention cyst, pseudocyst, pyocele and cholesteatoma. This report deals with a previously undescribed entity, the mucin impaction tumor located in a septate maxillary sinus. This inflammatory, non‐neoplastic tumor‐like condition, presents as chronic sinusitis with periorbital edema, malar swelling and tenderness. Radiologic examination reveals total destruction of the bony walls of the nose, of the orbital rim and floor and of the maxillary sinus. The importance of recognizing this lesion lies in its benign nature but destructive capabilities. The destruction may possibly be accounted for by its anatomical origin in the septate sinus.

Repeated surgical intervention may also serve to predispose or potentiate development of these lesions. Its resolution after adequate surgical extirpation and its place in the differential diagnosis of antral lesions are worthy of emphasis.
Tympanic Membrane Mobility on Otoscopy as an Indicator of Eustachian Function
Authors: McNicoll William D.
Published: February 2017

Three hundred and twelve ears in 156 subjects were assessed. All the subjects were recruit volunteers to the Submarine and Diving
branches or the Royal Navy, who were unable to equilibrate their middle ear pressures when exposed to an environment or increased ambient pressure. All these subjects were found to have a deformity or the vomero‐ethmoid suture and underwent submucous resection or the nasal septum to correct their Nose‐Ear Distress syndrome.

Six weeks after operation each recruit was re‐assessed otologically: 29 subjects (18.6%) had bilaterally immobile tympanic membranes and 6 subjects (3.9%) had an unilaterally immobile tympanic membrane on performance or the Valsalva and Toynbee maneuvers. Nevertheless, 26 subjects (74.3%) were able to equilibrate their middle ear pressures at a depth equivalent to 10 meters or water. Because or this finding It can be stated that immobility of the tympanic membrane on performance or the Valsalva and Toynbee maneuvers does not necessarily denote the presence of eustachian tube dysfunction.
Transient Paralysis of the Diaphragm Following Radical Neck Surgery
Authors: Moorthy S. S. , Gibbs Philip S. , Losasso Alvin M. , Lingeman Raleigh E.
Published: February 2017

We have observed transient diaphragmatic paralysis with high alveolar to arterial oxygen partial pressure difference following radical neck surgery. Patients required supplemental oxygen for maintenance of arterial oxygenation. Patients following radical neck surgery should be followed with chest roentgenograph to exclude pneumothorax and diaphragmatic paralysis and arterial blood gases in the immediate postoperative period.
Treatment of Epidermoid and Undifferentiated Carcinomas from Occult Primaries Presenting in Cervical Lymph Nodes
Authors: Silverman Craig L. , Marks James E. , Lee Fransiska , Ogura Joseph H.
Published: February 2017

We treated 83 patients with epidermoid or undifferentiated carcinoma in cervical neck nodes without an obvious primary at our institution between 1964 and 1979. All patients received radiotherapy and 29 patients had radical neck dissection (RND) or total excisional biopsy (TEB) as well. Actuarial survival was 38% at 5 years for the entire group and 25% at 10 years. Fifty‐four patients with neck control had significantly better survival (p=.0001) at 5 and 10 years than those whose neck was uncontrolled. Factors associated with improved neck control were initial size of the neck mass and the addition of surgery (RND or TEB). Analysis of failures showed that 50% of patients failed only in the primary or neck and 50% developed distant metastases. Tumor was the major cause of death. We recommend more aggressive treatment with both XRT and neck dissection in patients with large resectable neck masses to prevent regrowth of tumor in the neck.
Ototoxicity of Oral Neomycin and Vancomycin
Authors: Kavanagh Kevin T. , McCabe Brian F.
Published: February 2017

In contrast to parenteral neomycin, which may result in severe and progressive ototoxicity, oral neomycin has been widely used for 25 years, and its index of safety has been regarded as high. Ototoxicity is viewed as an uncommon complication of oral neomycin most likely to occur in patients with renal failure or gastrointestinal inflammation. Two cases of ototoxicity resulting from oral neomycin are presented. Serial audiometric and neomycin blood level testing are suggested as a means of auditory monitoring in patients receiving the drug. A review of experience with oral vancomycin indicates that this drug has not been shown to cause ototoxicity.
Surgeon's View of the Skull Base from the Lateral Approach
Authors: Goldenberg Robert A.
Published: February 2017

This paper presents the surgical anatomy of the skull base and infratemporal fossa. The information has been derived from the author's own experience in surgical and cadaver dissection, standard anatomical references, and selected experience of other skull base surgeons. Because the lateral approach has become the utilitarian method of exposure, the intricate detailed anatomy is demonstrated from this view at five levels of dissection, so the surgeon may gain a practical understanding of the surgical relationship of critical structures.

Consistent anatomical landmarks can be used by the surgeon in the location of these critical structures. The styloid process, sphenoidal spine, and middle meningeal artery identify the internal carotid artery as it enters the carotid canal. The bony or fibrous septum that divides the jugular foramen into neural and vascular compartments may be used to better identify nerves IX, X, and XI. The zygomatic root is useful for location of the middle fossa dura. The lateral pterygoid plate leads directly to the foramen ovale.

The increased precision of dissection permitted by use of the microscope requires an increased level of knowledge of anatomical structures in this area. It is hoped that the information presented in this paper will assist surgeons in the meticulous and thorough removal of skull base tumors and in the preservation of neural and vascular structures that are presently being sacrificed.
Impact Of Metastases on Nodal Immunoreactivity in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Schuller David E. , Koolemans‐Beynen Antoinette R. , Libby Debora H. , Rinehart John J. , Milo George E.
Published: February 2017

It has been previously demonstrated by the authors that lymph nodes from patients with head and neck cancer are capable of regional immunoreactivity and that this immunoreactivity could be enhanced with certain nonspecific immunostimulants. However, it is unknown how metastases to the neck nodes would affect this immunoreactivity.

The purpose of this study is to compare the immunoreactivity of matched node pairs (metastatic versus nonmetastatic) from head and neck cancer patients. The soft agar assay system was the methodology employed. The effect of nodal lymphocytes on tumor growth in soft agar was studied with and without nonspecific immunostimulation in both normal and metastatic nodes from the same location in the neck in 16 patients.

The results demonstrate that lymph nodes from head and neck cancer patients are capable of an immune reaction to cancer, and that this immunoreactivity appears to be significantly increased in metastatic lymph nodes with and without the use of specific immunostimulants.
Computed Tomography of the Disarticulated Incus
Authors: Swartz Joel D. , Laucks Richard L. , Ardito Joseph M. , Berger Alan S. , Wolfson Robert J. , Popky George L.
Published: February 2017

Complete incus disarticulation may be a complication of trauma, chronic otitis, or prosthetic stapedectomy. Purposeful incus disarticulation (with incus interposition) is used as a method of ossicular reconstruction. CT has been a valuable diagnostic tool for preoperative location of the incus in the former disorders and for determination of the status of the ossiculoplasty in the latter.
Homograft (Allograft) Tympanoplasty Update
Authors: Lesinski S. George
Published: February 2017

If homograft tympanoplasty is to be of value, specific instances in which homograft tympanic membrane, malleus, and incus (TMMI) provide significant hearing and anatomical advantages over standard techniques should be identified. This author has performed 305 homograft tympanoplasties limited to the reconstruction of the severely damaged middle ear. Indications include: 1. previous failure with standard tympanoplasty techniques; 2. high risk of anatomic or hearing failure with standard techniques (total perforation with absent malleus, slag burns); 3. reconstruction of radical mastoidectomy; 4. congenital aural atresia.

The first 125 consecutive homograft tympanoplasties were reported in 1982. One hundred eighty additional homograft tympanoplasties have been performed since then. In the past 3 years the anatomic success rate has risen to 97% (174/180) with refinement of surgical techniques.

Eighty‐five percent of all patients have maintained an average air‐bone gap of 25 dB or better.

Formalin preserved homograft tympanic membranes with attached malleus offer significant advantages over standard tympanoplasty techniques in these specific indications.
An Approach to the Nasal Septum in Children
Authors: Healy Gerald B.
Published: February 2017

Surgery of the nasal septum has long been discouraged in the pediatric population. Concerns about growth and development of the nose have led surgeons to adopt an extremely cautious attitude toward the correction of nasal septal deformities in childhood.

More recently, studies have shown that with proper preservation of septal cartilage, surgery can be safely undertaken in this area. Frequently, however, exposure to the nasal septum is limited in small children due to the size of the nasal vestibule.

Sublabial septoplasty has been safely carried out now in ten patients ranging in age from 4 to 9 years. This approach allows for complete access to the nasal septum while avoiding any external cosmetic deformity. The nasal septum has been preserved in all cases through morsalization and repositioning. Growth and development of the nose has been followed for up to 60 months without evidence of deformity or alteration.

Sublabial septoplasty would, therefore, appear to be a safe and cosmetically acceptable approach to the correction of severe nasal septal deformities of childhood.
Investigations into the Cause of Canal Paresis in Meniere's Disease
Authors: Rizvi Syed S.
Published: February 2017

Since the literature has a paucity of documented lesions of the vestibular hair cells and neurons in Meniere's disease, the cause of canal paresis remains unexplained. A clinicopathological correlation was sought and demonstrated between ampullary distortion of lateral canal and reduced caloric response. The findings in this investigation make a strong case for ampullary distortion disrupting the tenuous but vital cupulary attachment resulting in canal paresis. This concept is attractive because it explains an important clinical event in Meniere's disease on the basis of the only consistent histopathological finding, namely, membrane distension.
Posterior Tracheal Wall Disruption: A Rare Complication of Pediatric Tracheotomy and Bronchoscopy
Authors: Crysdale W. S. , Forte V.
Published: February 2017

Disruption of the posterior tracheal wall is an uncommon complication of tracheotomy, bronchoscopy, or even endotracheal intubation. With disruption of the posterior tracheal wall, air tracking may present as surgical emphysema, pneumomediastinum, or pneumothoraces, and may be associated with respiratory distress. Six children with posterior tracheal wall disruptions are presented: three associated with tracheotomy, one bronchoscopy, and another during endotracheal intubation. Early recognition and appropriate management of tracheal disruption will minimize air tracking and the associated morbidity. Tracheal disruption may be avoided by utilizing appropriate surgical, endoscopic, and intubation techniques.
Fluorescent Microscopy of Hematoporphyrin Derivative in the Nude Mouse Tumor Model
Authors: Hill James H. , Rok Bojan , Harris David M. , Cobleigh Melody A.
Published: February 2017

Mechanisms for localization of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) within malignant tissue and for tumor necrosis after photodynamic therapy have not yet been established with certainty. We describe a modified freeze‐drying technique to study these mechanisms.

Normal tissues and squamous cell carcinoma xenografts were examined in nude mice after administration of HPD. Skin reveals marked fluorescence in connective tissue cells. No fluorescence is visible in surface epithelial cells or keratin. Liver shows diffuse fluorescence only in cells lining sinusoids. In tumor, malignant cells do not fluoresce and connective tissue cells fluoresce brilliantly.

This technique provides a clear view of HPD fluorescence, frozen instantaneously in location and time. Fluorescence from connective tissue cells in skin and tumor suggests that localization and photodynamic action may be targeted in part at cells that critically support malignant epithelial cell growth as well as at malignant epithelial cells directly.
Improved Treatment of Salivary Adenocarcinomas: Planned Combined Surgery and Irradiation
Authors: Simpson Joseph R. , Matsuba Howard M. , Thawley Stanley E. , Mauney Marc
Published: February 2017

The treatment outcome of 47 patients with adenocarcinoma of major and minor salivary gland origin treated at the Washington University Medical Center between 1960 and 1980 was retrospectively reviewed by site, histologic grade, and treatment modality. Planned irradiation with surgery was the initial treatment for 21 patients, irradiation alone for 14 patients, surgery alone for 11 patients, and chemotherapy for 1. Four patients presented with distant metastases at diagnosis and were not treated definitively. Twenty‐seven patients had tumors histologically graded at the time of original treatment; one‐third of these were low‐grade, and two‐thirds were high. grade. Treatment results were analyzed in terms of local control as well as overall survival. Median survival for the entire group was 4.1 years. Local‐regional disease control was significantly improved in the combination therapy group (81%) compared with the groups treated with irradiation alone (29%) and surgery alone (8%). Disease free survival was also significantly improved with combination therapy. Patients with low‐grade adenocarcinoma had better local control and survived longer than those with high‐grade. However, one‐third of the patients with high‐grade tumors survived 5 years. We conclude that both local disease control and survival of patients with adenocarcinoma of salivary gland origin were improved with the planned combination of irradiation and surgery.
Auditory Brain Stem Responses in Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: Harell Moshe , Englender Moshe , Kimhi Robert , Demer Myriam , Zohar Moshe
Published: February 2017

Auditory brain stem responses (ABR) were recorded from 20 schizophrenic patients, of whom ten were medicated and ten were unmedicated. A matched control group consisted of ten normal subjects. A statistically significant difference in the latencies of N3 and N5 recordings was found among the three groups.

The results suggest that unmedicated schizophrenics have a delayed latency for peaks N3 and N5, and that medication (with neuroleptic drugs) shortens these delayed latencies back to the normal range.
Electromagnetic Semi‐Implantable Hearing Device: Phase I. Clinical Trials
Authors: McGee T. Manford , Kartush Jack M. , Heide Jorgen C. , Bojrab Dennis I. , Clemis Jack D. , Kulick Kathy C.
Published: February 2017

Conventional hearing aids have improved significantly in recent years; however, amplification of sound within the external auditory canal creates a number of intrinsic problems, including acoustic feedback and the need for a tight ear mold to increase usable gain. Nonacoustic alternatives which could obviate these encumbrances have not become practical due to inefficient coupling (piezoelectric techniques) or unfeasible power requirements (electromagnetic techniques). Recent technical advances, however, prompted a major clinical investigation of a new electromagnetic, semi‐implantable hearing device.

This study presents the details of clinical phase I, in which an electromagnetic driver was coupled with a target magnet temporarily affixed onto the lateral surface of the malleus of six hearing aid users with sensorineural losses.

The results indicate that the electromagnetic hearing device provides sufficient gain and output characteristics to benefit individuals with sensorineural hearing loss. Significant improvements compared to conventional hearing aids were noted in pure‐tone testing and, to a lesser degree, in speech discrimination. Subjective responses were quite favorable, indicating that the electromagnetic hearing device 1. produces no acoustic feedback; 2. works well in noisy environments; and 3. provides a more quiet, natural sound than patients' conventional hearing aids.

These favorable results led to phase II of the project, in which patients with surgically amenable mixed hearing losses were implanted with the target magnet incorporated within a hydroxyapatite ossicular prosthesis. The results of this second‐stage investigation were also encouraging and will be reported separately.
Studying Whole‐Mounted Sections of the Paranasal Sinuses to Understand the Complications of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Rontal Michael , Rontal Eugene
Published: February 2017

Endoscopic techniques for paranasal sinus surgery have allowed detailed and complete removal of sinus disease while promising minimum distress to the patient. The telescopic view of the operative field shows detail of the sinus anatomy and its disease, not possible in earlier transnasal techniques. Several articles document the serious complications seen with the endoscopic surgery. To understand the paranasal sinuses and their relationships to the orbit and cribriform plate, blocks of cadaver heads that included the orbit and paranasal sinuses were whole sectioned. It has been possible to see areas of the cribriform and orbital wall that are at risk to produce cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and orbital complications. At the same time, landmarks for avoiding these complications can be defined to guide the surgeon during this dissection as seen through the endoscope.
Auditory Performance With simultaneous Intracochlear Multichannel Stimulation
Authors: Parkin James L. , Randolph Loren J.
Published: February 2017

Different sound processing strategies are used in the various cochlear implant designs. This report presents auditory data on 35 patients implanted at the University of Utah from April 1984 to April 1989. A multichannel monopolar electrode system is inserted intracochlearly. During daily use and auditory performance testing, four electrodes receive simultaneous input. The incoming acoustic signal is amplified and routed to the different electrodes through a band‐pass filter system. Mean pure‐tone performances were: 500 Hz−29.6 ± 9.4 dB; 1000 Hz−23.5 ± 13.2 dB; 2000 Hz−25.4 ± 9.6 dB; 4000 Hz−32.1 ± 11.5 dB; and 6000 Hz−42.2 ± 7.7 dB. Audio‐only CID sentence testing showed 51.4% of patients scoring better than 60% and 40% scoring better than 80%. The percutaneous pedestal is well tolerated; patients have had the systems in place for 13 and 15 years.
Bone‐Inducing Implants in Head and Neck Surgery: An Experimental Study
Authors: Toriumi Dean M. , East Charles A. , Rosen David M. , Chu George , Liu Chung Ching , Larrabee Wayne F.
Published: February 2017

The use of autologous bone for head and neck reconstruction requires a separate harvesting procedure which provides limited quantities of bone that may become infected or undergo resorption after being implanted. In this study, a collagen/ceramic carrier containing osteoinductive factor extract (OFE) was used in a rabbit facial augmentation model. Bone‐inducing activity of these implants were evaluated in subcutaneous, intramuscular, and subperiosteal sites. Implants with (test) and without OFE (control) were placed on opposite sides of the face in 40 rabbits, and were harvested at 21 days. Bone formation was evaluated by implant alkaline phosphatase determinations and histomorphometry. Osteoblastic activity, bone formation, and preservation of facial augmentation were noted in the OFE implants, showing maximal bone formation when implanted subperiosteally. Control (no OFE) and demineralized bone implants showed no bone formation. Before these implants can be used clinically, novel bone‐inducing factors must be manufactured by recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methodology to verify activity of the homogeneous molecule which would be free of other proteins or infectious agents.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract Associated With WellDifferentiated Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Pacheco‐Ojeda Luis , Micheau Christian , Luboinski Bernard , Richard Jean , Travagli Jean‐Paul , Schwaab Guy , Marandas Patrick
Published: February 2017

The association of squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract with well‐differentiated thyroid carcinomas has rarely been reported in the literature. We report 10 cases illustrating this occurrence. In eight cases, the thyroid carcinoma was discovered accidentally on histological examination of a single neck node, a neck node dissection specimen, an unexpectedly found thyroid nodule, or a systematically resected thyroid lobe, all during surgical treatment of an upper aerodigestive tract carcinoma. In the other two cases, metastatic thyroid neck nodes appeared during the follow‐up of a patient with an upper aerodigestive tract carcinoma. No case of upper aerodigestive tract carcinomas was found during the follow‐up of thyroid cancer patients. In most cases, adequate thyroid cancer surgery was performed simultaneously or later. Prognosis was essentially determined by the upper aerodigestive tract cancer.
Cisplatin‐Induced Ototoxicity: The Effect of Pigmentation and Inhibitory Agents
Authors: Schweitzer Vanessa Gayl
Published: February 2017

Cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum II (cisplatin), a divalent platinum compound and potent cell‐cycle nonspecific chemotherapeutic agent, produces a dose‐limiting, permanent, high‐frequency sensorineural hearing loss and peripheral neuropathy, and a dose‐related cumulative renal insufficiency with tubular necrosis and interstitial nephritis. The potential for dose‐limiting and permanent cochlear (neuro) toxicity remains despite present methods of hypertonic saline, prehydration, and mannitol diuresis prior to drug administration. The exact mechanism(s) of ototoxicity and/or nephrotoxicity are still unknown. Continued aggressive high‐dose cisplatin chemotherapy necessitates the investigation of ways to decrease the dose‐limiting side effects that inhibit the administration of cisplatin at therapeutic and tumoricidal doses.

This multifaceted project investigates two categories of potential inhibitors of cisplatin toxicity that, when coadministered with a known tumoricidal and ototoxic dose of cisplatin, will decrease or inhibit the ototoxicity: 1. phosphonic acid antibiotics (fosfomycin; 1,2 epoxypropylphosphonic acid); 2. nonglucocorticoid 21‐aminosteroids, which are free oxygen radical scavengers (LAZAROIDS: U74006F and U78517F).

This project also investigates the role of pigmentation as a variable affecting the evaluation of platinum‐induced ototoxicity in the guinea pig animal model. Identification of an optimal animal model for future cisplatin toxicity research should be based on previously established species‐specific differences in total drug dose, systemic toxicity, and morphological and functional evidence of cochlear toxicity, as affected by differences in pigmentation and drug tolerance.

Cytocochleography, brainstem auditory evoked response (BSER), scanning and transmission electron microscopy of organ of Corti and the stria vascularis, double‐blind light microscopy of renal small intestine, and peripheral nerve tissue, and gamma‐emission analysis of 195Mplatinum localization in inner ear neuroepithelium and the stria vascularis are used in the global evaluation of the ototoxic effects of cisplatin in both the adult albino and pigmented guinea pig.
Prognostic effect of transarterial chemoembolization–induced complete pathological response in patients undergoing liver resection and transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kang Woo‐Hyoung , Hwang Shin , Song Gi‐Won , Lee Young‐Joo , Kim Ki‐Hun , Ahn Chul‐Soo , Moon Deok‐Bog , Jung Dong‐Hwan , Park Gil‐Chun , Lee Sung‐Gyu
Published: February 2017

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE)–induced complete pathological response (CPR) is known to improve postresection outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to assess the prognostic effects of CPR after preoperative TACE for HCC in patients who underwent hepatic resection (HR) or liver transplantation (LT). The clinical outcomes of patients showing CPR after HR (n = 110) or LT (n = 233) were analyzed. The control groups comprised patients with minimal recurrence risk as naïve single HCC ≤ 2 cm for HR (n = 476), and 1 or 2 HCCs ≤ 2 cm for LT (n = 184). Among HR study patients, 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year tumor recurrence rates were 18.5%, 50.6%, and 58.7% respectively, which were higher than those of controls (P < 0.001). The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year patient survival rates were 97.8%, 82.0%, and 69.1%, respectively, which were lower than those of controls (P < 0.001). Among LT study patients, 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year tumor recurrence rates were 4.1%, 7.9%, and 7.9%, respectively, which were higher than those of controls (P = 0.019). The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year patient survival rates were 92.7%, 89.2%, and 86.9%, respectively, which were not different than those of controls (P = 0.11). LT recipients had lower recurrence and higher survival rates compared with HR patients (P < 0.001). The tumor recurrence site was mainly intrahepatic in HR patients. There was no difference between the incidences of extrahepatic recurrence in the HR study group and all‐site recurrence in the LT study group (P = 0.61). We concluded that the prognostic effect of TACE‐induced CPR for HCC patients appears to be limited to downstaging. LT recipients benefited more from CPR than HR patients. Liver Transplantation 23 781–790 2017 AASLD.
Genetic, hematological, and immunological disorders transmissible with liver transplantation
Authors: Tan Amy , Florman Sander S. , Schiano Thomas D.
Published: February 2017

It is well recognized that solid organ transplantation can transmit bacterial infection and chronic viral hepatitis as well as certain cancers. As indications for liver transplantation (LT) have expanded, it has been used to treat and even cure certain genetic cholestatic disorders, urea cycle defects, and coagulation abnormalities; many of these conditions are potentially transmissible with LT as well. It is important for clinicians and transplant patients to be aware of these potentially transmissible conditions as unexplained post‐LT complications can sometimes be related to donor transmission of disease and thus should prompt a thorough exploration of the donor allograft history. Herein, we will review the reported genetic, metabolic, hematologic, and immunological disorders that are transmissible with LT and describe clinical scenarios in which these cases have occurred, such as in inadvertent or recognized transplantation of a diseased organ, domino transplantation, and with living related liver donation. Liver Transplantation 23 663–678 2017 AASLD.
Fabrication and Characterization of Conductive Conjugated Polymer‐Coated Antheraea mylitta Silk Fibroin Fibers for Biomedical Applications
Authors: GH Darshan , Kong Dexu , Gautrot Julien , Vootla Shyam Kumar
Published: February 2017

Conductive polymers are interesting materials for a number of biological and medical applications requiring electrical stimulation of cells or tissues. Highly conductive polymers (polypyrrole and polyaniline)/Antheraea mylitta silk fibroin coated fibers are fabricated successfully by in situ polymerization without any modification of the native silk fibroin. Coated fibers characterized by scanning electron microscopy confirm the silk fiber surface is covered by conductive polymers. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals preserved thermal stability of silk fiber after coating process. X‐ray diffraction of degummed fiber diffraction peaks at around 2θ = 20.4 and 16.5 confirms the preservation of the β‐sheet structure typical of degummed silk II fibers. This phenomenon implies that both polypyrrole and polyaniline chains form interactions with peptide linkages in degummed fiber macromolecules, without significantly disrupting protein assembly. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of coated fibers indicates hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions exist between silk fibroin macromolecules and conductive polymers. Resulting fibers display good conductive properties compared to corresponding conjugated polymers. In vitro analysis (live/dead assay) of the behavior of human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaTs) on coated fibers demonstrates improved cell‐adhesive properties and viability after polymers coating. Hence, polypyrrole‐ and polyaniline‐coated A. mylitta silk fibers are suitable for application in cell culture and for tissue engineering, where electrical conduction properties are required.

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Protective pre‐deposited slurry dip‐coating alumina layer on TBC system
Authors: Abdeldaim Hesham , Mahallawy N. El
Published: February 2017

In the present study, a thin intermediate protective α‐alumina layer was pre‐deposited by slurry dip‐coating technique on APS–CoNiCrAlY bond coat prior depositing APS–YSZ as top coat. The alumina layer acts as barrier for oxygen diffusion to protect the metallic bond coat from excessive oxidation. The new TBC was compared with the standard TBC system which comprises of Ni‐superalloy substrate, CoNiCrAlY bond coat and YSZ top coat concerning the behavior under thermal cycling at 1150 °C. The samples were investigated before and after thermal cycling by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Image analysis was used to compare between the microstructure by measuring the crack lengths and the thermally grown oxide layer (TGO) average thickness after thermal cycling. It was observed that a more uniform and compact α‐Al2O3 TGO was formed in the new TBC system after thermal cycling comparing to the commercial one. It was, also, found that the alumina intermediate layer has the potential to reduce the length of the cracks and the average thickness of TGO by suppressing the detrimental mixed oxides, like Cr2O3, CoO, NiO, and (Ni, Co)(Cr, Al)2O4, thus, improving the TBC durability.
Effect of human albumin on corrosion and biological behavior of CoCrMo
Authors: Ionita D. , Golgovici F. , Demetrescu I. , Sajin M. , Pandelea‐Dobrovicescu G.‐R.
Published: February 2017

The present paper is an investigation of human albumin effect on corossion and biological behavior of a CoCrMo alloy The electrochemical behavior of the alloy was tested in SBF with and without HSA. The used electrochemical methods have been open circuit potential measurement, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Albumin adsorption has been evaluated spectrophotometrically using both FT–IR and UV–VIS investigation methods. The human albumin acts as an inhibitor of corrosion reducing corrosion current until five time. The mechanism of inhibition is due to a protective barrier based on a complex metal‐protein formation and evidenced by impedance spectroscopy procedure. Biological tests confirmed non hemocompatibility of CoCrMo alloy and a non trombogenic behavior. No blood cell shape modification was observed as well.
Toward Hydrogen Sulfide Based Therapeutics: Critical Drug Delivery and Developability Issues
Authors: Zheng Yueqin , Yu Bingchen , De La Cruz Ladie Kimberly , Roy Choudhury Manjusha , Anifowose Abiodun , Wang Binghe
Published: February 2017

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), together with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), belongs to the gasotransmitter family and plays important roles in mammals as a signaling molecule. Many studies have also shown the various therapeutic effects of H2S, which include protection against myocardial ischemia injury, cytoprotection against oxidative stress, mediation of neurotransmission, inhibition of insulin signaling, regulation of inflammation, inhibition of the hypoxia‐inducible pathway, and dilation of blood vessels. One major challenge in the development of H2S‐based therapeutics is its delivery. In this manuscript, we assess the various drug delivery strategies in the context of being used research tools and eventual developability as therapeutic agents.
Global existence for non‐autonomous Navier–Stokes equations with discontinuous initial data
Authors: Wen Shenglan , Shen Qixia , Huang Lan
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we consider the non‐autonomous Navier–Stokes equations with discontinuous initial data. We prove the global existence of solutions, the decay rate of density, and the equilibrium state of solutions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feeder‐independent canine induced pluripotent stem cells maintained under serum‐free conditions
Authors: Nishimura Toshiya , Hatoya Shingo , Kanegi Ryoji , Wijesekera Daluthgamage Pasty Himali , Sanno Kousuke , Tanaka Erina , Sugiura Kikuya , Hiromitsu Tamada Noritoshi Kawate , Imai Hiroshi , Inaba Toshio
Published: February 2017

Canine induced pluripotent stem cells (ciPSCs) are an attractive source for regenerative veterinary medicine, and may also serve as a disease model for human regenerative medicine. Extending the application of ciPSCs from bench to bedside, however, requires resolving many issues. We generated ciPSCs expressing doxycycline‐inducible murine Oct3/4 (Pou5f1), Sox2, Klf4, and c‐Myc, which were introduced using lentiviral vectors. The resultant ciPSCs required doxycycline to proliferate in the undifferentiated state. Those ciPSC colonies exhibiting basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)‐dependent proliferation were dissociated into single cells for passaging, and were maintained on a Matrigel‐coated dish without feeder cells in a serum‐free medium. The established ciPSCs had the ability to differentiate into three germ layers, via formation of embryoid bodies, as well as into cells expressing the same markers as mesenchymal stem cells. These ciPSCs may thus serve as a suitable source of pluripotent stem cell lines for regenerative veterinary medicine, with fewer concerns of contamination from unknown animal components.
Parkin‐mediated mitophagy is downregulated in browning of white adipose tissue
Authors: Taylor David , Gottlieb Roberta A.
Published: February 2017

Objective

Browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) promotes increased energy expenditure through the action of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and is an attractive target to promote weight loss in obesity. Lowering of mitochondrial membrane potential by UCP1 is uniquely beneficial in this context; in other tissues, reduced membrane potential promotes mitochondrial clearance via mitophagy. It is unknown how parkin‐mediated mitophagy is regulated in beige adipocytes.

Methods

The relationship between parkin expression and WAT browning was investigated in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and parkin‐deficient male C57BL/6 mice in response to pharmacological browning stimuli.

Results

Rosiglitazone treatment in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes promoted mitochondrial biogenesis, UCP1 expression, and mitochondrial uncoupling. Parkin expression was decreased and reduced mitochondrial‐associated parkin, and p62 indicated a reduction in mitophagy activity. Parkin overexpression prevented mitochondrial remodeling in response to rosiglitazone. In CL 316,243‐treated wild‐type mice, decreased parkin expression was observed in subcutaneous inguinal WAT, where UCP1 was strongly induced. CL 316,243 treatment weakly induced UCP1 expression in the gonadal depot, where parkin expression was unchanged. In contrast, parkin‐deficient mice exhibited robust UCP1 expression in gonadal WAT following CL 316,243 treatment.

Conclusions

WAT browning was associated with a decrease in parkin‐mediated mitophagy, and parkin expression antagonized browning of WAT.
Probing cavity versus surface preference of fluorescent template molecules in molecularly imprinted polystyrene microspheres
Authors: Sonawane Swapnil L. , Asha S. K.
Published: February 2017

Functional polystyrene (PS) crosslinked microbeads were developed by dispersion polymerization as fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) having cavities with specific recognition sites. The functional azobenzene molecule modified with pyridine was self‐assembled with Pyrenebutyric acid (template molecules), and introduced during the second stage of dispersion polymerization of polystyrene. The template molecule was removed from MIP by Soxhlet using acetonitrile as solvent. Non imprinted polymer (NIP) having no template was also synthesized for comparative study. Fluorescence spectroscopy could be used as a tool to derive insight into the location of the template molecules on the MIP or NIP. The template molecules were adsorbed on the surface of the NIPs during binding studies, which was evidenced from the pyrene excimeric emission observed at 440 nm. The template binding efficiency of the NIPs were much lower compared to MIPs. Pyrene emission from MIP upon rebinding showed typical monomeric emission in the 375–395 nm range, confirming its location in isolated cavities. In rebinding studies of the template molecules, the MIPs selectively took up the template for which the cavity was designed, which demonstrated their selectivity towards template molecules. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1558–1565
Organocatalyzed ring‐opening polymerization of cyclic butylene terephthalate oligomers
Authors: Pinaud Julien , Tang Rong , Gimello Olinda , Robin Jean‐Jacques
Published: February 2017

In this study, various organic compounds, with different activation modes, have been tested as catalysts for the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic butylene terephthalate oligomers (CBT) in bulk at 210 °C, using tert‐butylbenzyl alcohol (tBnOH) as initiator. Among them, 1,3,5‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene (TBD) appeared to be the most efficient, achieving high monomer conversions in short reaction times (within minutes). Analysis by size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) of the poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) synthesized using this catalyst also showed that the polymerization follows the expected theoretical Mn trend for molecular weights up to 50 kg·mol−1. Chain‐end fidelity relatively to the alcohol initiator has been confirmed by MALDI‐TOF mass spectroscopy, which showed that all polymer chains possess the tert‐butylbenzyl moiety as chain‐end. Finally, to demonstrate the potential of this system for the synthesis of PBT‐based block copolymers, a monomethyl ether poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of 5000 g·mol−1 has been employed as initiator for the ROP of CBT. A PEO‐b‐PBT block copolymer of 15,000 g·mol−1 could thus been obtained, as confirmed by the shift of the SEC traces towards higher molecular weights and the same diffusion coefficient determined for 1H NMR signals of the PEO block and the PBT block. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1611–1619
Biolayer interferometry of lipid nanodisc‐reconstituted yeast vacuolar H+‐ATPase
Authors: Sharma Stuti , Wilkens Stephan
Published: February 2017

Vacuolar H+‐ATPase (V‐ATPase) is a large, multisubunit membrane protein complex responsible for the acidification of subcellular compartments and the extracellular space. V‐ATPase activity is regulated by reversible disassembly, resulting in cytosolic V1‐ATPase and membrane‐integral V0 proton channel sectors. Reversible disassembly is accompanied by transient interaction with cellular factors and assembly chaperones. Quantifying protein‐protein interactions involving membrane proteins, however, is challenging. Here we present a novel method to determine kinetic constants of membrane protein–protein interactions using biolayer interferometry (BLI). Yeast vacuoles are solubilized, vacuolar proteins are reconstituted into lipid nanodiscs with native vacuolar lipids and biotinylated membrane scaffold protein (MSP) followed by affinity purification of nanodisc‐reconstituted V‐ATPase (V1V0ND). We show that V1V0ND can be immobilized on streptavidin‐coated BLI sensors to quantitate binding of a pathogen derived inhibitor and to measure the kinetics of nucleotide dependent enzyme dissociation.
De novo design of signal sequences to localize cargo to the 1,2‐propanediol utilization microcompartment
Authors: Jakobson Christopher M. , Slininger Lee Marilyn F. , Tullman‐Ercek Danielle
Published: February 2017

Organizing heterologous biosyntheses inside bacterial cells can alleviate common problems owing to toxicity, poor kinetic performance, and cofactor imbalances. A subcellular organelle known as a bacterial microcompartment, such as the 1,2‐propanediol utilization microcompartment of Salmonella, is a promising chassis for this strategy. Here we demonstrate de novo design of the N‐terminal signal sequences used to direct cargo to these microcompartment organelles. We expand the native repertoire of signal sequences using rational and library‐based approaches and show that a canonical leucine‐zipper motif can function as a signal sequence for microcompartment localization. Our strategy can be applied to generate new signal sequences localizing arbitrary cargo proteins to the 1,2‐propanediol utilization microcompartments.
Self‐assembling study of sarcolipin and its mutants in multiple molecular dynamic simulations
Authors: Cao Yipeng , Wu Xue , Yang Rui , Wang Xinyu , Sun Haiying , Lee Imshik
Published: February 2017

The Sarcolipin (SLN) is a single trans‐membrane protein that can self‐assembly to dimer and oligomer for playing importantphysiological function. In this work, we addressed the dimerization of wild type SLN (wSLN) and its mutants (mSLNs) – I17A and I20A, using both coarse‐grained (CG) and atomistic (AT) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our results demonstrated that wSLN homodimer assembled as a left‐handed helical complex, while mSLNs heterodimers assembled as right‐handed complexes. Analysis of residue‐residue contacts map indicated that isoleucine (Ile)‐leucione (Leu) zipper domain played an important role in dimerization. The potential of mean force (PMF) demonstrated that wSLN homodimer was more stable than mSLNs heterodimers. Meanwhile, the mSLNs heterodimers preferred right‐handed rather than left‐handed helix. AT‐MD simulations for wSLN and mSLNs were also in line with CG‐MD simulations. These results provided the insights for understanding the mechanisms of SLNs self‐assembling. Proteins 2017; 85:1065–1077. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.