bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on failure criterion and microscopic damage evolution mechanism of three-dimensional braided composites
Authors: Zhang Guofan , Gao Zewen , Nie Xiaohua , Chang Liang
Published: January 2025

Due to the complex meso-structure of three-dimensional multidirectional braided composites, capturing the process and mechanism of damage evolution through experiments alone is challenging. To address this, a finite element framework based on various failure criteria was developed to study the meso-scale progressive damage evolution of 3D four-directional braided composites under tensile and compressive loads. In this study, a three-unit cell model was employed to characterize the microstructure of the braided composites, which was established based on the braiding process parameters and yarn trace distribution. Three types of typical failure criteria and corresponding stiffness degradation models were integrated into the finite element framework to investigate the mesoscale progressive damage evolution of the braided composites. Uniaxial tensile and compression simulations on the representative cell of the braided composites revealed the evolution of strength and failure mechanisms. The simulation results indicate that the LaRC05 scheme effectively captures the shear nonlinearity and the interaction between fiber and matrix in braided composites under uniaxial compression load. For 3D four-directional braided composites, transitioning from a tensile state to a compressive state results in a shift in the failure mode of the material, from fiber fracture to fiber kinking and fiber splitting. Therefore, to establish a more accurate failure criterion, it is crucial to fully consider the influence of failure modes and physical mechanisms.
Effect of chemical treatment on the mechanical properties of intra-layer hybrid Alfa/Jute fabric composites
Authors: Bouchareb Samira , Rokbi Mansour , Benhamida Mohamed , Mekideche Salih , Belayachi Naima , Meddah Mostefa , Boucherit Boumediane , Kouidri Djamila
Published: January 2025

Bidirectional hybrid polymer-based composites are being introduced in many industrial applications. This is because the weaving patterns of woven composites have significant contributions to resulting composite performances. The main goal of this work was to study the effect of chemical treatments and the effect of hybridization on the mechanical properties of intra-layer hybrid Alfa/Jute fabric composites. Jute and Alfa fibers were used as natural fibers reinforcing the polyester matrix-based composites. First of all, the untreated, alkali and permanganate treated Alfa fibers were analyzed by using physical and mechanical tests (ATR-FTIR, XRD, and MEB). Weibull statistical analysis was employed to estimate the variability of untreated and treated Alfa fiber-resin interfacial shear strength. On the other hand, three plain-woven intra-ply hybrid fabrics were used as reinforcements for the polyester matrix. These three produced composite samples were subjected to mechanical, and physical tests such as three-point flexural strength, compressive strength, water absorption, and optical observation. The results were examined, analyzed, and compared to a jute-woven composite reinforced with the same resin. The results show that the chemical treatment can affect positively the fibers’ properties. In others hand, among the studied composites, the developed treated intra-ply woven fabric reinforced polyester resin have good mechanical properties in term of flexural and compression resistance. Weibull statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate and quantify the variability in the tensile strength of various intra-layer hybrid Alfa/Jute fabric composites.
Leveraging Cittaslow Promotion on Social Media to Enhance Tourists’ Behavioral Responses Toward Small Urban Tourism Destinations
Authors: Ozer Mehmet , Can Ali Selcuk , Ekinci Yuksel , Ozer Alper
Published: January 2025

As sustainable tourism gains momentum, understanding the impact of Cittaslow promotion on tourist behavior is crucial yet remains unexplored. This study addresses this gap by investigating the effect of Cittaslow promotion on tourists’ behavioral responses, especially within social media contexts and small urban tourism destinations. Applying signaling theory, we conducted a field experiment with real Instagram advertisements (n1 = 51,089 impressions) and an online experiment (n2 = 212). Results reveal that Cittaslow promotion campaign directly enhances tourists’ interest in the Cittaslow destination, willingness to visit, and likelihood to recommend. Furthermore, Cittaslow promotion indirectly influences these behaviors through destination brand identification, brand quality, and brand attachment. Notably, the serial mediation effect through destination brand quality and attachment is stronger for travelers with a higher need for restoration. These insights suggest that small urban tourism destinations can enhance tourist interest in the destination, brand identification, and brand quality, and foster emotional bonds through Cittaslow promotion campaigns.
Mindfulness-Based Bibliotherapy for the Treatment of Anxiety and Depression in Incarcerated Women
Authors: Teske Nicole , Korevec Joseph , Schriver Jennifer L.
Published: January 2025

This research examines the efficacy of a randomized controlled trial of bibliotherapy for reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression among women in prison. Forty women were randomly assigned to a 5-week bibliotherapy intervention with no therapist contact or a waitlist control group. Participants were provided a workbook based on principles of mindfulness and acceptance and commitment therapy. Although the treatment group did not demonstrate significant symptom reduction after 5 weeks, the group did demonstrate a delayed treatment effect at 10 weeks with reduced symptoms of anxiety, depression, and distress as well as increased mindfulness skills. Symptoms of depression continued to decrease at the 3-month follow-up, and other treatment gains were maintained. The waitlist control group demonstrated similar gains after participating in the intervention. This study suggests that low-cost, self-help interventions may provide important opportunities for treatment access to incarcerated populations.
Grains of dust in the Aegean archipelago: Unruly migrants and everyday resistance in EU hotspots
Authors: Stavinoha Luděk
Published: January 2025

This article centres the everyday resistance practices by illegalised migrants contained in EU hotspots in Greece. Set against the regime of violent abandonment governing these carceral spaces, the article draws on ethnographic research in the Aegean archipelago to explore how resistance is enacted, experienced, and suppressed. The analysis foregrounds three distinct tactics of resistance – insubordination, insurrection, occupation – whereby migrants, individually and collectively, seek to disrupt carceral mechanisms. By shifting the analytical focus to migrants’ often barely visible dissenting practices, the article sheds new light on how modalities of bio/necropolitical power and resistance intersect in the everyday workings of the EU hotspots. It reveals how migrants transform these spaces into stages of (infra)political struggle against forced confinement, even if they are unable to fundamentally weaken the hotspot regime as such. The article concludes that attending to migrants’ everyday resistance practices, however fragile, fragmented, and fleeting, is critical. These practices not only unmask the racialised violence that resides at the core of the hotspot regime but its inability to fully contain migrants’ desire for autonomous movement.
Effects of mirror therapy on upper limb motor function of patients with stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Saragih Ita Daryanti , Priyanti Ratna Puji , Batubara Sakti Oktaria , Lee Bih-O
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate and review the effects of mirror therapy on upper limb function, including improvements in shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand function, as well as coordination between the upper extremities, in patients with stroke.

Data sources

Six databases, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Medline Complete, PubMed, and Web of Science, were searched from database inception to 15 October 2024, as well as manual searching of Google Scholar, for relevant trials.

Review methods

The methodological quality of the trials was assessed using version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool with five domains. A random-effects model was applied to calculate the pooled mean difference of dichotomous variables using the 95% confidence interval. The variance in effect estimation in a forest plot for each trial was then quantified using I2.

Results

Eighteen studies, representing 633 patients with stroke, were included in this study. Mirror therapy significantly improved upper limb motor function (mean difference [MD] = 1.79; 95% CI = 0.04–3.54; p = 0.04) and hand function (MD = 1.48; 95% CI = 0.17–2.78; p = 0.03) in patients with stroke. Subgroup analyses of overall upper limb function showed that mirror therapy was effective in improving function when delivered more than 5 times a week (MD = 2.75; 95% CI = 1.02–4.48) over a period of ≤ 4 weeks (MD = 3.26; 95% CI = 1.19–5.33). The results of the methodology assessment using RoB-2 on all the trials included in the analysis showed that 16 trials were considered to have some concerns.

Conclusion

Mirror therapy appears to be beneficial for improving upper limb motor function after stroke. More trials are needed to determine the effects of mirror therapy on shoulder/elbow/forearm, wrist, and hand function and coordination between upper extremities after stroke.
Delirium prevention in hospices: Opportunities and limitations – A focused ethnography
Authors: Featherstone Imogen , Johnson Miriam J , Sheldon Trevor , Kelley Rachael , Hawkins Rebecca , Bravington Alison , Callin Sarah , Dixon Rachael , Obita George , Siddiqi Najma
Published: January 2025

Background:

Delirium is common and distressing for hospice in-patients. Hospital-based research shows delirium may be prevented by targeting its risk factors. Many preventative strategies address patients’ fundamental care needs. However, there is little research regarding how interventions need to be tailored to the in-patient hospice setting.

Aim:

To explore the behaviours of hospice in-patient staff in relation to delirium prevention, and the influences that shape these behaviours.

Design:

Focused ethnography supported by behaviour change theory. Observation, semi-structured interviews and document review were conducted.

Setting/participants:

A total of 89 participants (multidisciplinary staff, volunteers, patients and relatives) at two UK in-patient hospice units.

Results:

Hospice clinicians engaged in many behaviours associated with prevention of delirium as part of person-centred fundamental care, without delirium prevention as an explicit aim. Carrying out essential care tasks was highly valued and supported by adequate staffing levels, multidisciplinary team engagement and role clarity. Patients’ reduced physical capability limited some delirium prevention behaviours, as did clinicians’ behavioural norms related to prioritising patient comfort. Delirium prevention was not embedded into routine assessment and care decision-making, despite its potential to reduce patient distress.

Conclusions:

The value placed on fundamental care in hospices supports delirium prevention behaviours but these require adaptation as patients become closer to death. There is a need to increase clinicians’ understanding of the potential for delirium prevention to reduce patient distress during illness progression; to support inclusion of delirium prevention in making decisions about care; and to embed routine review of delirium risk factors in practice.
Biomechanics of Adjunctive Maxillary Molar Intrusion using Temporary Anchorage Devices and Power Chain: A Case Series
Authors: Viet Hoang , Thao Dang Thi Nhu , Marya Anand
Published: January 2025

Extractions or grossly damaged teeth without prosthetic rehabilitation can lead to the supraeruption of their opposing teeth in many clinical situations. These, if allowed to persist, may cause occlusal disturbances and complicate the placement of any dental restorations. These clinical situations are frequently managed with a combination of endodontic treatment, surgical intrusion, or even extractions. This article discusses the biomechanics and clinical procedures for intruding the maxillary molars using temporary anchorage devices (TADs). It also details the advantages, disadvantages, and case studies involving the use of two TADs (infrazygomatic miniscrews and palatal miniscrews) to intrude one or two maxillary molars. Following the intrusion of the maxillary molars, restoration can be completed on the mandibular molars using a crown on the implant or an overlay of the lower molar.
The Statistical Fragility of Functional Outcomes for Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair With and Without Acromioplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Clark David S. , Tingey Benjamin C. , Shi Jeffrey L. , Somerson Jeremy S.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Views surrounding acromioplasty at the time of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) have shifted dramatically over time. In recent years, various studies have argued against acromioplasty, citing equivocal functional outcomes after arthroscopic RCR with or without acromioplasty.

Purpose:

To assess the statistical fragility of functional outcomes after arthroscopic RCR with and without acromioplasty using the reverse continuous fragility index (RCFI).

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed including all randomized controlled trials through February 5, 2024 investigating arthroscopic RCR with and without acromioplasty. The RCFI, defined as the number of qualifying data points required to be moved from the lower mean group to the higher mean group to alter the significance, was calculated for the Welch t test, Student t test, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test under various data assumptions. The reverse continuous fragility quotient (RCFQ) was determined by dividing the RCFI by the sample size.

Results:

A total of 6 clinical trials consisting of 609 patients with functional outcome scores were analyzed. Using the Welch t test, the median RCFI across all study outcomes was 20 (interquartile range [IQR], 17-24). For the Student t test, the median RCFI across all study outcomes was 14 (IQR, 13-19), with a median RCFQ of 0.18 (IQR, 0.15-0.20). For the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, the median RCFI was 14 (IQR, 13-17), with a median RCFQ of 0.17 (IQR, 0.13-0.19). While using the Welch t test, 64% of study outcomes had an RCFI greater than the loss to follow-up (LTFU). When using the other tests, 32% of study outcomes had an RCFI greater than the LTFU.

Conclusion:

The fragility of these studies was largely dependent on the statistical test used to analyze the results. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Student t test appeared to be most appropriate to find differences in treatment arms. When using these tests, we found the results to be fragile. This, in combination with a small number of studies and the LTFU close to or exceeding 20%, indicates an overall lack of strong evidence to support previously accepted conclusions.
The importance of practices of collective care: Exploring directions for an alternative productive paradigm fitting our times’ social, economic and ecological requirements
Authors: Rigkos-Zitthen Ioannis , Kapitsinis Nikos
Published: January 2025

The Anthropocene is characterized by multiple crises associated with the infinite accumulation of growth on a planet of finite resources. Productive labour and the 8-h working model contribute to this contradiction. We argue for the reduction of productive labour in favour of reproductive labour accumulated through practices of collective care. The latter can heal the damage capital accumulation produces. Collective care brings into light various social practices often invisible to production, allows for a new understanding of nonhuman agency, and challenges the dominant ethical disposition around work. We advocate for a new power equilibrium between productive and reproductive labour.
Experimental investigation of longitudinal torsional composite ultrasonic vibration assisted turning of CuCr1Zr alloy
Authors: Wan Zhihui , Xu Yingshuai , Li Xiang , Liao Song , Ye Changqing , Yan Hengxue
Published: January 2025

CuCr1Zr alloy plays an important role in aerospace, energy, electronics and other fields. Due to its excellent properties, the cutting of CuCr1Zr alloy has also become one of the research hotspots. In order to obtain better machining quality at lower cost, a kind of machining system of longitudinal torsional composite ultrasonic vibration assisted turning (LT-UAT) is designed in this paper. The combination of longitudinal vibration and torsional vibration is realized by using vibration mode conversion screw (VMCS). The turning experiments of CuCr1Zr alloy with and without ultrasonic vibration are carried out, and the effects of process parameters on surface quality and chip shape (CS) are studied. The results show that lower surface roughness (SR), better surface topography (ST) and CS can be obtained when the LT-UAT of CuCr1Zr alloy with reasonable process parameters. The optimal combination of process parameters (OCPP) is ultrasonic amplitude of 45 µm, cutting speed of 30 m/min, cutting depth of 0.1 mm, and feed speed of 0.1 mm/rev. When selecting process parameters in actual machining, the closer to the above OCPP, the better. This research helps to promote the development of ultrasonic machining technology, and also promotes the application of CuCr1Zr alloy in more fields.
High unmet needs for cervical cancer screening among women living with HIV in six African countries: A population-based study
Authors: Alpar Annabelle D , Ndiaye Cathy , Guillaume Dominique , Limaye Rupali J , Rosen Joseph G
Published: January 2025

Background

Cisgender women living with HIV (WLWH) are disproportionately impacted by cervical cancer. Nevertheless, disparities in uptake and implementation of cervical cancer services persist in sub-Saharan Africa, where population-level estimates of screening coverage remain scarce.

Methods

We pooled data from nationally representative Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (PHIA) surveys conducted in Ethiopia, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe (2015–2019). After estimating the prevalence of self-reported lifetime cervical cancer screening (overall and by country), survey-weighted multivariable log-binomial regression identified socio-demographic and clinical correlates of screening uptake among WLWH aged 25–64 years.

Results

Overall, 6933 WLWH (mean age: 39.6 years) were included in the multi-country sample. The pooled prevalence of lifetime cervical cancer screening was 18.5% (range: 8.5% [Rwanda] to 25.3% [Zambia]). Screening uptake varied by HIV clinical status, with serostatus-aware (21.3% vs 9.0%), antiretroviral therapy-experienced (22.0% vs 10.5%), and virally suppressed (22.1% vs 11.6%) WLWH, respectively, reporting significantly ( p < 0.001) higher screening rates. Screening was especially low among WLWH aged <35 years (14.7%), with no formal education (12.1%), in the poorest households (7.9%), and residing in rural areas (14.0%).

Conclusions

Fewer than one-fifth of WLWH had ever screened for cervical cancer, suggesting expanded availability and access to tailored, integrated services are critically needed.
Driving sustainability: The nexus of financial development, economic globalization, and renewable energy in fostering a greener future
Authors: Abbass Kashif , Amin Nabila , Khan Farina , Begum Halima , Song Huaming
Published: January 2025

Financial development serves as a key indicator to achieve rapid economic growth and environmental sustainability globally. Therefore, this study explores how financial development, economic globalization, and green energy influence carbon emissions, along with GDP, technological innovation, and trade openness, in the Next-11 emerging economies from 1990 to 2022. The cointegration and causality associations are analyzed by using the Panel Common Correlated Effect Mean Group (CCEMG) and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) techniques to achieve our objective. The empirical results from the AMG analysis indicate that financial development, technological innovation, and green energy contribute to diminishing CO2 emissions by 1.25%, 2.23%, and 2.90%, respectively. Conversely, economic globalization, trade liberalization, and economic growth have negative impacts on the environment, increasing emissions by 1.04%, 0.13%, and 0.18%, respectively. Similarly, findings from the CCEMG outcomes expose the inverse link between financial expansion and environmental degradation. Our outcomes highlight that policymakers should prioritize sustainable practices for the development of financial markets, particularly for businesses that invest in cleaner technologies and renewable energy. This integrated strategy is necessary for the Next-11 emerging countries to accomplish their SD goals and effectively confront climate change.
Subsistence economy of the Fulan Site in Guangxi, China, in the Mid-Holocene
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Xie Guangmao , Lin Qiang , Chen Guanhan , Wu Yan
Published: January 2025

To further explore the economy models and dietary composition of early humans in Guangxi, this study conducted a systematic investigation of the microplant remains and carbonized Fagaceae fruits from the Fulan site in Tiandong County, Guangxi Province through chronology, phytolith analysis and charred Fagaceae seed morphology. The results indicate that the AMS 14C dating result of the Fulan site ranges from 5904 to 5732 cal BP. No obvious cereal agriculture activities were identified from the phytolith assemblages obtained from the pottery, stone tools, and cultural layer in this site. However, a large number of charred acorns were discovered in the cultural layer, which is the first time in this region. Morphology analysis showed the charred acorns found at the site are most similar to the Fagaceae flora, specifically Castanopsis sclerophylla, which is one of the dominant species in this region. Micro CT results also indicate the acorns were roasted by humans for consumption. Combining the analysis results of macrobotanical remains and phytoliths in the site, the acorns represented by Castanopsis sclerophylla were one of the most important food sources for local people at that time, which provides new insights for the plant utilization methods in the early community in Guangxi region.
DNA Damage Underlies the Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of Selected Ethiopian Medicinal Plants against Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Bekele Adamu T. , Postigo Sheila Almaraz , Asres Kaleab , Engidawork Ephrem , Pandiella Atanasio
Published: January 2025

Background

Plants are attractive sources of anti-cancer agents. However, there is limited data about the anti-cancer potential of Ethiopian medicinal plants traditionally used for the treatment of cancer.

Purpose

To screen the cytotoxicity of 26 Ethiopian medicinal plants against breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and to demonstrate the potential consistent cytotoxicity of the six most active extracts against prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) and neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y). Furthermore, the mode of action of the most active extracts should be investigated.

Methods

Twenty-six Ethiopian medicinal plants were collected from 12 sites and extracted using 80% methanol through maceration. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to test their cytotoxicity. Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) assay was used to segregate the type of death induced by the extracts. The Western Blot was used to analyze deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damaging properties of active extracts, while chromatographic techniques [thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)] were employed to provide a fingerprint of the most active extract.

Results

Dovyalis abyssinica (A. Rich.) Warb. extract displayed the most potent cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and SH-SY5Y cells with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 28.28 ± 3.56 and 5.5 ± 3.9 µg/mL, respectively. It also increased apoptotic cell populations from 0.05% to 12.4%, 0.9% to 14.4%, and 1.8% to 64.5% ( p < 0.0001 in all cases) in MCF-7, SH-SY5Y, and PC-3 cells. Acokanthera schimperi Benth. & Hook.f., D. abyssinica, Erythrina brucei Schweinf., Pittosporum abyssinicum Delile, Rubia cordifolia L., and Stephania abyssinica var. tomentella Oliv. significantly ( p < 0.0001) elevated the expression of phosphohistone H2AX (γH2AX) in at least one cancer cell line. Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1) also significantly increased ( p < 0.0001) by D. abyssinica and R. cordifolia in MCF-7 cells.

Conclusion

Some Ethiopian medicinal plant extracts showed marked cytotoxicity against MCF-7, PC-3, and SH-SY5Y cancer cell lines, promoting apoptosis through DNA damage and encouraging phytochemical investigations for potential drug development.
Hospice Referral Rate Disparities of American Indian/Alaska Native Kidney Transplant Recipients with End-Stage Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Rekabdarkolaee Hossein Moradi , Longacre Lauren E. , Isaacson Mary J. , Varilek Brandon M.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons disproportionately suffer from end-stage kidney disease caused by diabetes (ESKD-D). Kidney transplant is the most desirable option to treating ESKD-D, but remains unattainable for many AI/AN persons, especially in rural South Dakota (SD). Additionally, palliative and hospice care options for AI/AN with any serious illness in SD are largely inaccessible. Moreover, receiving kidney transplant potentially affects hospice referral because of the desire to prolong transplant function. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare hospice use rates among AI/AN and non-Hispanic White (NHW) persons with ESKD-D prior to death and determine if differences in referral rates are present for those with and without a prior kidney transplant.

Methods

Retrospective cohort analysis of United States Renal Data System data from 2000-2021. Data for persons with hospice care, transplant status, place of death, and race were analyzed using chi-squared tests with Yates’ continuity correction and the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test.

Results

AI/AN persons with ESKD-D were less likely to receive hospice care prior to death compared to NHW persons in both transplant ( P < 0.001) and non-transplant ( P < 0.001) groups. When comparing transplant and non-transplant groups by hospice use, persons with no previous transplant were more likely to receive hospice care prior to death ( P < 0.001).

Conclusion

These results confirm the assumptions of significant differences in hospice care use among AI/AN vs NHW who have ESKD-D, including differences between those with a prior transplant. There is a need to expand palliative/hospice care services for persons with a prior kidney transplant.
Comparison of Sphenoid Sinus Morphology in Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate and Control Groups: A CBCT Study
Authors: Gringo Caroline de Paula Oliveira , Carvalho Luciano Reis de Araújo , Mamani Mariela Peralta , Mello Marina de Almeida Barbosa , Yaedú Renato Yassutaka Faria
Published: January 2025

Objective

To investigate and compare the morphology of the sphenoid sinus (SS) in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) and the control group.

Design

A retrospective comparative study.

Setting

Craniofacial rehabilitation institution.

Patients and Participants

The study included 100 patients with BCLP (50 men and 50 women) in the preorthognathic period, and 100 control patients who did not have BCLP, were not syndromic and had not undergone orthognathic surgery (50 men and 50 women).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

The morphological type of the SS was classified as conchal, presellar, sellar, and postsellar. It was further categorized into subtypes: lateral, body, anterior, lesser wing, and clival. Finally, the septations of the SS were classified as intersphenoidal, multiple, or absent. The χ2 test was used to compare the groups and evaluate categorical variables.

Results

The most common main types in both groups were the sellar type (BCLP group: 44%, control group: 59%) and the postsellar type (BCLP group: 33%, control group: 31%). No statistically significant differences were found between the groups ( P > .05). Regarding subtypes, the most common were the lateral subtype (BCLP group: 57%, control group: 59%) and the sphenoid body subtype (BCLP group: 33%, control group: 31%).

Conclusion

The most common SS morphologies in BCLP were the sellar and postsellar types. The importance of this morphology is therefore understood in the context of surgeries in the SS region, such as orthognathic and transsphenoidal surgeries, thus helping to avoid complications during surgery.
Characteristics of Child Sexual Abuse Material in Peer-to-Peer Networks and Predictors of its Severity: Insights From Filenames
Authors: Cross Theodore P. , Cross Elizabeth M. , Cooper Camille , Pellegrino Daphne , Pounder Glen , Turkheimer Stefan , Bailey Simon
Published: January 2025

The Internet has empowered millions of perpetrators who create and consume child sexual abuse material (CSAM), the current term replacing child pornography. In this study, we coded data from a random sample of 2980 filenames from files shared in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks from U.S. IP addresses in 2021. Most filenames referenced girls and just under half referenced children aged 5 to 12. A wide variety of child races, ethnicities and nationalities were referenced. Over half of filenames described a sexually abusive act, most of which referenced penetration. The abuse referenced was more severe when filenames referenced children under the age of 13, both girls and boys, incest, and/or children or youth of color. The findings underline the harm to children from CSAM, suggest the value of a racial justice perspective on CSAM, and support the need to search for CSAM as part of contact child sexual abuse investigations.
Attacks on Humans by Neotropical Otters
Authors: Nataly Castelblanco-Martínez D. , González-Vargas Alex A. , González Gustavo , Fabiola Corona-Figueroa M. , Lasso Carlos A.
Published: January 2025

Neotropical otters Lontra annectens (Carnivora, Mustelidae) are widely distributed in Central and South America. Studies on the behavior of this species are rare, resulting in the fact that its ethology is one of the lesser known among the mustelids. The Neotropical otter is considered solitary and territorial but not aggressive, and it generally shows a shy and elusive behavior. Here we described the first two documented cases of attack by Neotropical otters on humans. The first occurred in Sacatepéquez, Guatemala, and the second, in La Guajira, Colombia. Respectively, adult female and male humans were injured with differences in the severity of the wounds, clinical course, and outcomes. We recommend further research on the agonistic behavior of Neotropical otters. A protocol for attention to injuries caused by Neotropical otters is suggested.
Enrichment of fiber-reinforced material models with dissipative effects
Authors: Franus Aleksander , Jemioło Stanisław , Domański Włodzimierz
Published: January 2025

This paper presents an enrichment of the constitutive relations of hyperelastic models for compressible materials by incorporating a description that facilitates the modeling of energy dissipation. This generalization is founded upon a modified Ciarlet model employing a polyconvex stored energy function. The proposed enhancement of the constitutive relations of hyperelastic models to encompass viscous properties involves the introduction of a scalar internal variable, analogous to the constitutive relations of material models within the framework of continuum damage mechanics. In addition to modeling damage phenomena, the constitutive relations within this presented framework enable the description of rate-dependent materials, as well as to some extent creep and relaxation phenomena. The model for compressible, isotropic materials is extended within the framework of fiber-reinforced materials. Consequently, the constitutive relation of such a model can be interpreted as a composite material consisting of a viscoelastic matrix and elastic fibers. The focus of this work is on a model with a single family of fibers, thus providing a simplified representation of a transversely isotropic material.
A face-to-face survey on the practice of ophthalmic clinicians in the management of dry eye disease in patients undergoing cataract surgery
Authors: Naderi Khayam , Maubon Laura , Jeffrey Lam Chun Fung , Roberts Harry , Shah Vishal , Patel Darshak S. , O’Brart David
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Dry eye disease (DED) can impact the accuracy of biometry measurements prior to cataract surgery (CS), influence visual performance post-CS, and can be exacerbated by CS. We performed a survey to evaluate the DED practice of clinicians directly caring for CS patients.

Design

Prospective face-to-face survey.

Method

Face-to-face survey consisting of 12 questions relating to CS clinicians’ estimations of DED pre- and post-CS, dry eye tests performed, and the management of DED.

Result

There were one hundred and twenty-seven responders (39% consultants, 37% trainees/fellows, 8% associate specialists, 6% specialty doctors, 8% optometrists, 2% nurse specialists), with a 100% response rate. Sixty-seven percent routinely assessed for DED pre-CS, with 81% anticipating mild to moderative negative effects of CS on DED. Approximately 75% estimated that over 10% of pre-operative patients had asymptomatic DED, with another 10% or more suffering symptomatic DED. Almost 80% estimated that 10% or more of patients suffered DED post-CS. More DED tests were performed pre- compared to post-operatively (p = 0.02). More consultants performed dry eye tests post-operatively compared to non-consultants (p = 0.02). Most common treatment options included lubricating drops (95%), lid hygiene (75%) and night ointment/gels (54%). Seventy-six percent of surgeons performing CS stated they coated the ocular surface with an ophthalmic visco-surgical device and 34% limited intra-operative light exposure peri-operatively to limit DED.

Discussion

Despite the anticipated negative effects of CS on DED, 1 in 3 clinicians in our survey were not assessing routinely for DED prior to CS, and fewer dry eye tests were performed post-operatively compared to pre-surgery.
H syndrome with bilateral choroidal osteoma: Coincidence or association?
Authors: Sariyeva Ismayilov Ayna , Doğanay Derya , Ulusoy Mahmut Oğuz , Akacı Okan , Topak Ali , Elmas Muhsin
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To report a case with bilateral corneal arcus and bilateral choroidal osteoma associated with H syndrome

Methods

Descriptive case report

Results

A 16-year-old girl with H syndrome was followed up in the pediatric nephrology clinic for chronic renal failure and was consulted to the ophthalmology clinic. She had low vision for more than 5 years. Slit lamp examination revealed bilateral corneal arcus . Lens and iris were normal. Axial length was 19.99 mm in the right eye and 21.85 mm in the left eye. A bilateral orange-yellow plaque was noted in the posterior pole in the funduscopic examination. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) showed a bilateral diffuse macular hipoautofluorescence area in correspondence with the decalcified portion of the mass. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed a bilateral choroidal mass with a dome-shaped pushing effect on the overlying retina and damage to the outer layers of the retina. Fluorescein angiography (FA) with bilateral patchy diffuse late hyperfluorescence and B scan ultrasonography showed a bilateral solid highly reflective choroidal mass with acoustic shadowing. Orbital computerized tomography (CT) scans showed bilateral hyperdense plaques in the posterior pole. A diagnosis of choroidal osteomas was made for both eyes.

Conclusions

This report presents a case with bilateral corneal arcus and bilateral choroidal osteoma associated with H syndrome that has not been previously reported in the literature. Patients diagnosed with this syndrome should undergo routine eye examination, and due to the progressive nature of histiocytosis, they should also be followed closely ophthalmologically.
Morphological awareness and vocabulary knowledge in monolingual and bilingual learners: A meta-analysis
Authors: Cheng Xi , Yin Li , Zhang Haomin
Published: January 2025

Aims:

This meta-analysis aimed to quantify the overall within- and cross-linguistic relationships between morphological awareness (MA) and vocabulary knowledge and identify moderators that influence their associations in monolingual and bilingual learners.

Methodology:

We conducted a meta-analysis using 109 primary studies that met our inclusion criteria. Data from 79 L1 studies (involving 14,172 monolingual learners) and 30 L2 studies (involving 4,288 bilingual learners) were extracted.

Data and analysis:

Studies were coded for learner characteristics, such as age, language background, and L1–L2 distance, as well as assessment characteristics, including task modality (e.g., oral vs. written), task content (e.g., derivation and compound), and response type (production vs. reception).

Findings/conclusions:

The results indicated that (a) in monolingual research, there was a moderate correlation between MA and vocabulary ( r = .43); (b) in bilingual research, there was a significant positive correlation between L1 and L2 MA ( r = .33), and between L1 MA and L2 vocabulary ( r = .26); (c) the magnitude of the association between MA and vocabulary increased with age in monolingual learners, while that of the correlation between L1 and L2 MA decreased with age in bilingual learners; and (d) significant variations were observed depending on the specificity of the language(s) involved, as well as several assessment-related moderators.

Originality:

This study contributes to the existing literature by systematically exploring the degree of association between MA and vocabulary within and across languages and examining whether these associations are influenced by learner and assessment characteristics.

Significance/implications:

Our results support MA as a multidimensional, transferrable construct and underscore its important role in vocabulary for monolingual and bilingual learners. Several key considerations are discussed for the selection of MA and vocabulary assessment methods.
“The prime and fountain-power”: Law, sovereignty, and constituent power in Samuel Rutherford’s Lex, Rex (1644)
Authors: Aroney Nicholas , Kennedy Simon P
Published: January 2025

Many scholars claim that Abbé Sieyès (1748–1836) was the first to deploy the concept of a pouvoir constituant (constituent power) as the power that establishes a constitutional order under which the ordinary powers of government are conferred. Others find the substance of the theory to have been articulated by earlier figures such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, whilst conceding that the terminology of pouvoir constituant was not used until Sieyès. What no one has observed until now is that the Scottish Presbyterian divine, Samuel Rutherford (1600–1661), can lay claim to being the first to explicitly use the language of constituent power and to develop a theory of the grounds of constitutional government expressly in those terms. Rutherford argues that “the constituent is above that which is constituted,” and thus draws a clear distinction between constituent and constituted power. Furthermore, he vests the former ultimately in the people while the King possesses only constituted power. Rutherford presented a theory of constituent power that had all the essential elements of the theory of pouvour constituant we find in Sieyès, albeit a theory embedded in a political and intellectual context as different from that of Sieyès as his is from our own.
Numerical analysis of propulsion performance of the Archimedean screw under mooring conditions
Authors: Zhu Pinyu , Dang Peng , Yang Shuai , Wu Dazhuan
Published: January 2025

The Archimedean screw is a specialized propulsion device capable of adapting to various terrain conditions. However, the effect of its geometric parameters on underwater propulsion performance has not been extensively studied. In this paper, the propulsion performance of the Archimedean screw under mooring conditions is analyzed using the CFD tool. The study considers the pitch, blade height, blade thickness, and number of helical blades as key geometric parameters, which are analyzed in dimensionless form. Hydrodynamic characteristics and energy loss are used as performance indicators. The hydrodynamic characteristics integrate thrust, torque, and radial force, while energy loss is analyzed using entropy production theory. The average error between the numerical results and experimental thrust curves is 11.4%, validating the reliability of the numerical method. The results indicate that the hydrodynamic characteristics analysis can determine optimal geometric parameters. Specifically, the pitch should be approximately half of the blade length, the number of helical blades should be 2 or 3, and the blade height and thickness should be maximized and minimized, respectively. Entropy production is mainly attributed to unsteady flow, concentrated in the wake region and near the helical blades. Double helical blades exhibit lower energy loss. This study provides a theoretical basis for the design and application of the Archimedean screw.
Evaluating sensor performance for impact identification in composites: a comprehensive comparison of FBGs with PZTs
Authors: Marinho Natália Ribeiro , Loendersloot Richard , Wiegman Jan Willem , Grooteman Frank , Tinga Tiedo
Published: January 2025

Aerospace composite components require effective monitoring techniques to detect possible internal damage from impact events. To ensure reliable impact identification, sensor measurements can provide valuable information about impact energy and identify potential issues that may require further investigation. However, selecting the most appropriate sensor technology to measure impact force and energy is a challenge. In this article, a systematic and structured approach is presented to compare the expected performance of sensors and their metrological parameters in terms of their ability for impact identification in aerospace composites. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using an application example where fibre Bragg grating (FBG) are compared with piezoelectric (PZT) sensors through comprehensive tests. These tests include the correlation test, the sensitivity test, and the factor test. The correlation test showed a high agreement between FBG and PZT sensors in the time and frequency domain. The sensitivity test indicated a significant correlation between the signal features and the impact energy levels in the energy profiling diagrams, revealing nonlinearities and energy losses indicative of damage. Furthermore, these results emphasise the superior resolution of the FBG sensors and the comparable repeatability of the two sensor types. Finally, the factor test showed that FBG sensors are sensitive to different angles of incidence, while PZT sensors have a more stable directivity. Further analysis also showed that the signal strength of both sensor types decreases with increasing distance from the impact source. Overall, the proposed approach enables a thorough evaluation of the capabilities and limitations of both sensor types. Consequently, it provides information to make an informed decision on the most suitable sensor for impact monitoring systems.
A realist review on the police use of stop and search powers
Authors: Agnew-Pauley Winifred , Hughes Caitlin Elizabeth , Stevens Alex
Published: January 2025

Proponents of police use of stop and search powers argue that they are essential to prevent crime and improve public safety. However, there is increasing evidence that stop and search generates a range of adverse effects, including poor mental health outcomes. Missing from these debates is an understanding of the mechanisms that drive the practice and why and in what circumstances it can lead to negative outcomes. To fill this gap, a realist review was conducted on police use of stop and search of people in public places. Searches of academic and grey literature from January 2000 to December 2022 identified 206 relevant studies from 21 countries. The review identified a range of contextual factors, mechanisms and moderators that affect stop and search outcomes in developing a programme theory of stop and search. The review shows that police stop and search practice can be shaped by contextual factors, such as political climate, organisational priorities and the characteristics of where stop and search is deployed and who is stopped. The review further distinguishes four different mechanisms for stop and search, including three commonly stated justifications for stop and search (detection, deterrence and disruption) and one mechanism increasingly associated with negative outcomes (surveillance). A range of outcomes are also discussed, including crime reduction, attitudes about the police and mental health outcomes. The review brings to the fore contexts and mechanisms that are more (and less) likely to cause negative outcomes from stop and search: a vital contribution to more evidence-informed and just policy and practice.
Empirical study and machine learning prediction of tensile strength in 3D printed eco-friendly polylactic acid
Authors: Nagarjun J , Saravanakumar N , Thirumalai Kumaran S , Anto Dilip A , Balasuadhakar A
Published: January 2025

With Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology such as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technique being used to produce functional components, it is necessary to understand the combined effect of significant printing process parameters over the mechanical properties of printed parts. The present work employed the full factorial technique to investigate the effect of printing process parameters such as infill density, infill pattern, layer height, and nozzle size over the tensile strength of the printed parts. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was conducted and it identified the nozzle size as the most significant factor influencing tensile strength, followed by infill density. Layer height and infill shape had a smaller individual impact on tensile strength. However, with specific combinations of nozzle size and infill densities, noticeable variations in tensile strength were observed. Increasing the infill density enhances tensile strength proportional to the rise in mass due to the additional material. Although infill patterns had minimal effect on tensile strength, the specific strength varied, with the triangle pattern showing the highest specific strength of 7.11 MPa/g, which is 5.20% and 21.65% higher than the rectilinear and wiggle patterns. The highest tensile strength of 43.63 MPa was achieved using the wiggle pattern at 80% infill which is due to print orientation of wiggle pattern with the tensile load. Further, increasing the layer height and nozzle size significantly improved specific strength because of higher print quality and reduced defects. The experimental investigation proved the optimal nozzle to layer height ratio (N/L) for to achieve greater strength is 1.66. With the extensive datasets obtained using experimental investigation, a machine learning model was trained for predicting the tensile strength for the given printing process parameters. Due to its adaptability, efficiency and robustness, the Gaussian Process Regression was proved to estimate the tensile strength of the Polylactic Acid (PLA) material with more accuracy. The predictive performance and corresponding residuals of the training and testing datasets resulted with MAE of 3.17, MAPE of 11.66, and an accuracy of 88.34%.