bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effets des modes de gestion des résidus du bananier et d’options de fumure minérale sur le rendement du maïs et les caractéristiques chimiques du sol dans un système de rotation bananier /maïs à l’Ouest du Burkina Faso
Authors: Bacye Bernard , Kambire Hyacinthe Sami , Sawadogo Marie Ouindnonga , Zonga Abdoul Moumouni
Published: September 2021

Au Burkina Faso, le recyclage des résidus de culture constitue un défi pour l’amélioration de la productivité des systèmes de production agricole. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer les effets de la gestion des résidus du bananier (Musa acuminata C.) et de la fumure minérale sur les caractéristiques chimiques du sol et le rendement du maïs (Zea mays L.). Un essai en split-plot avec quatre répétitions comparant quatre modes de gestion des résidus du bananier et quatre options de fumure minérale a été conduit en culture pluviale et en culture irriguée. Les rendements grains du maïs ont augmenté de 24 à 66,2% avec le paillage et l’enfouissement de résidus par rapport au brûlage et au ramassage. Le pH, le carbone total, l’azote total et le potassium disponible du sol ont été améliorés par le paillage, l’enfouissement et le brûlage des résidus comparativement au ramassage. L’utilisation combinée des résidus et des engrais a permis un accroissement significatif des rendements. Cependant, elle a induit une baisse du pH et du potassium total du sol comparativement au témoin. L’étude a montré l’intérêt du paillage et de l’enfouissement des résidus du bananier combiné avec la fumure azotée pour améliorer les rendements de maïs.

English title: The effects of banana tree residues managements and mineral fertilizers use options on soil chemical properties and maize yield in a banana tree / maize rotation system in western Burkina Faso

In Burkina Faso, the recycling of crop residues for improving the productivity of cropping systems is still a challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the management of banana tree (Musa acuminata C.) residues and mineral fertilizers on both soil chemical characteristics and the yield of maize (Zea mays L.). A split-plot trial with four repetitions comparing four management types of banana tree residues (mulching, burying, burning and exporting) and four application options of mineral fertilizers was conducted in rain-fed and irrigated cropping systems. The results revealed that the maize grain yield increased by 24 to 66.2% with mulching and burying residues (green manure) compared to burning or exporting the banana tree residues. Soil pH, total carbon and nitrogen as well as available potassium were improved by the mulching, burying and burning compared to exporting the banana tree residues. The combined use of the residues and mineral fertilizers significantly improved the maize yield. However, it caused a decrease in the soil pH and total potassium compared to the control treatment. The study demonstrated that mulching and burying banana tree residues in combination with mineral fertilizer improves maize yield.
Bloodstream infections initiated by ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in neonates and infants at two hospitals in Yaoundé, Cameroon
Authors: Titsamp Carole Suzie Lacmago , Gonsu Hortense Kamga , Fewou Simon Ngamli
Published: September 2021

Early diagnosis and probabilistic antibiotic therapy based on known bacterial ecology and antibiotic sensibility can reduce mortality and morbidity in pathologies caused by a bacterial infection. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and risk factors of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing Escherichia coli isolated from blood cultures of neonates and infants population. We conducted a cross-sectional study during which pathogenic bloodstream isolates were identified. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed on Escherichia coli isolates and phenotypic confirmation of ESBL production by Escherichia coli was performed by a double-disc synergy test. Over the course of this study, 298 blood cultures were performed and 129 (43.3%) positive cultures were obtained. Of the 129 bacterial isolates, 90 (69.7%) were Escherichia coli and 39 (30.2%) were other bacteria strains that included Klebsiella oxytoca, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Coagulase-negative staphylococci. Antibiotic susceptibility test indicated that Escherichia coli isolates were resistant to cephalosporin, penicillin, sulfonamide, and aminoglycoside antibiotic families. Further analysis indicated that 31 (34.4%) Escherichia coli strains were ESBL producers and risk factors for bloodstream infection by ESBL-producing Escherichia coli were prior to exposure to antibiotics and immune system depression. These findings clearly extend our understanding of the type of resistant initiated by ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in bloodstream infection of neonates, and infants and also provides useful information that can guide the establishment of an efficient therapeutic strategy for the community- and hospital-acquired bloodstream infection.
Kinetics of CD4+ T-cell recovery amongst HIV load suppressed patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Yaoundé, Cameroon
Authors: Mbakam Cedric Happi , Nwobegahay Julius Mbekem , Fodieu Mezajou Cybelle , Azebaze Franklin Agueguia , Nguimbus Leopold Mbous , Ngaleu Audrey Pamela Ngouambe , Djomaha Cédric Romuald Yapfa , Maffo Mureille , Jacobs Graeme Brendon , Assoumou Marie Claire Okomo , Tagny Claude Tayou , Ikomey George Mondinde
Published: September 2021

HIV infected patients on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) are exposed to various immunological disorders. Immune reconstitution is one of the most challenging problem linked to morbidity and mortality in HIV patients. This study aimed at evaluating the kinetics of CD4+ T-cell recovery amongst HIV load suppressed patients on first-line ART in Yaoundé, Cameroon. This was a retrospective cohort study performed at the care and treatment units of the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital and Essos Hospital Center, with viral suppressed patients initiated on ART between March and July 2015. Data were collected using a standard form and analyzed using R.3.6.2 software. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant for a 95%CI. Of the 499 viral suppressed participants, 32% (n=160) were male and 68% (n=339) female; 33% and 40% had severe and moderate immunodepression at baseline, respectively; 9% and 28% remain respectively on the same immunological state. CD4+ T-cell count increased by 73%, 49% and 29% for patients that started treatment, with CD4+ <150 cells/ml, 150<CD4+<350 cells/ml and 350<CD4+<500 cells/ml, respectively and 14%, 34% and 40% reached a target of 500 cells/ml or more after 4 years of treatment. Elder patients and males were likely to have CD4+ T-cells less than 350 Cells/ml. Approximately 35% of patient started treatment with CD4+ T-cells <350 Cells/ml. CD4+ T-cells increased significantly during 4 years of treatment but, just 29% in average achieved CD4+ ≥ 500 cells/ml. CD4 T-cells recovery represent and important challenge in the immunological monitoring of long-term HIV infected patients on ART.
Microbiological and physico-chemical characterisation of well water in the town of Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Kambire Ollo , Yao Konan Mathurin , Eblin Sampah Georges , Tokpa Diegon Arnaud Romain , Koffi-Nevry Rose
Published: September 2021

Water is essential to the life of every living organism. The water used by the consumer must be safe for the preservation of his health. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of well water used in households in the city of Korhogo. To do this, water samples were taken from the wells of different households. Parameters such as pH, temperature, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids were measured at the sampling sites. Nitrates and ammonium were determined by spectrophotometric methods using sodium salicylate and indophenol blue, respectively. The membrane filtration technique has been used for the enumeration of total coliforms, Escherichia coli, fecal enterococci, sulfite-reducing anaerobic bacteria, yeasts and moulds. The agar incorporation method was used for the enumeration of mesophilic aerobic germs. The non-conformity relative to pH was 73%. All wells were contaminated with nitrates and ammonium. Non-compliance rates of 80% and 53% were obtained for nitrates and ammonium respectively. Non-compliance with mesophilic aerobic germs, total coliforms, E. coli and fecal enterococci was 100% for each indicator. No spore of sulphite-reducing clostridia has been identified. Contamination rates of 80% (mould) and 67% (yeast) were recorded. The moulds isolated from the various water samples belong to the genus Aspergillus. The quality of well water in households is not suitable for human consumption. These waters require treatment or household residents must switch to other safe sources of drinking water.
Welsh Romanticism
Authors: Constantine Mary-Ann
Published: September 2021

Welsh Romanticism in its broadest sense can be taken to encompass a set of interconnected ideas which emerge from the study of a wide range of texts, images, and practices produced in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, within Wales or by Welsh-born authors living elsewhere, but also by writers from outside Wales who engaged in significant ways with Wales or Welsh culture. This article aims to show how the notion of Welsh Romanticism, like that of Romanticism more generally, has altered over the last 50 years, expanding its areas of interest and embracing greater generic, cultural, and linguistic diversity. It locates Wales within some of the key movements of Romantic-era Europe, including responses to the French Revolution, cultural nationalism, antiquarianism, and the aesthetic appreciation of landscape.
Slavery and Abolition
Authors: Lee Debbie
Published: September 2021

During the British transatlantic slave trade, which lasted from the sixteenth to the
nineteenth centuries, millions of people were taken from their home in Africa and
sold in the Americas where they were forced to work for nothing. But these people
continually resisted slavery through acts small and large, and during the eighteenth
and nineteenth centuries, slavery reached a breaking point. British poets,
novelists, and artists gave voice injustices slavery created, but the most powerful
anti-slavery writing of the era came from those of African origin living in
England.
Romantic Drama
Authors: Burwick Fred
Published: September 2021

Among all modes of literary expression, drama was the most popular, most lucrative,
and most influential of the era. S. T. Coleridge, Joanna Baillie, Lord Byron, Mary
Mitford were among the poets whose plays were successfully performed, and Coleridge
joined Charles Lamb and William Hazlitt as critics of the drama. To shield church
and state, censorship was exercised under the Licensing Act (1737). This Act granted
to the licensed Theatres Royal the exclusive right to perform traditional comedy and
tragedy. Originally directed to perform only musical entertainment and pantomime,
the unlicensed theatres gradually introduced more spoken dialogue and relied on
melodrama to attract audiences.
Nature and the Sublime
Authors: Sandy Mark
Published: September 2021

An account of Edmund Burke’s central ideas about the Sublime and the Beautiful shows how the emphasis Burke gave to terror helped to shape the Gothic fiction of Ann Radcliffe and Mary Shelley. Focusing on examples from the poetry of William Wordsworth, Lord Byron, Charlotte Smith, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats, and John Clare, the remainder of this essay explores the ways in which Romantic poets both thought about and attempted to represent those elements of the sublime that were instigated by their encounters with the natural world. What emerges as defining about these interactions between the mind and world is how imaginative impulses towards a sense of the sublime often led to a renewed sense of the material world and the very contingencies of existence they sought to transcend. Even Wordsworth’s more reverential response to the natural world as sacrosanct recognises the ‘awe’ of the sublime can be as much consoling as it is disturbing. These disturbing aspects of natural process and the sublime are self-consciously explored in the poetry of Shelley, who subjects notions of transcendence and idealism to sceptical scrutiny. With varying degrees of emphases, the poetry of Byron, Smith, and Clare elide distinctions between nature and culture to acknowledge a sublime more explicitly shaped by temporal and material processes. Finally, a key episode in Keats’s Ode to a Nightingale is read as exemplifying the many difficulties and complexities of the Romantic imagination’s encounter with, and its attempts, to represent transcendence and the sublime.
Ebelik Bölümü Öğrencilerinin Ebelik Mesleğine Bakış Açıları ve Gelecekten Beklentileri
Authors: DEMİR Rukiye , TAŞPINAR Ayten
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma, ebelik bölümü öğrencilerinin ebelik mesleğine bakış açılarının ve gelecekten beklentilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı olarak, Nisan-Mayıs 2018 tarihleri arasında, Aydın İlindeki bir devlet üniversitesinin sağlık bilimleri fakültesi ebelik bölümü öğrencileriyle yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini, ebelik bölümünde 2017-2018 eğitim yılında öğrenim gören toplam 349 öğrenci, örneklemini ise çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 162 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri “Veri Toplama Formu” ile toplanmıştır. Veriler Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 24.0 programı ile değerlendirilerek sayı, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma dağılımları verilmiştir. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin %45.7’si 21-22 yaş aralığında idi. Öğrencilerin %38.9’u iş olanağı yüksek olduğu ve %22’si puanı bu bölüme yettiği için, %63'ü kendi isteği ile ebelik bölümünü seçtiği belirlendi. Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin %51.8’inin mezun olduktan sonra hastane ya da aile sağlığı merkezlerinde çalışmak istedikleri saptandı. Öğrencilerinin %44.2’si ülkemizde ebelik mesleğinin gelişimini yeterli/kısmen yeterli gördüğünü, %86.4’ü ebelik bölümünde eğitime başladıktan sonra mesleğe bakış açısının olumlu yönde değiştiğini, %71’i mesleğin kişilik özelliklerine uygun olduğunu, %54.3’ü mesleki anlamda geleceğe bakış açısının olumlu olduğunu ve %49.4’ü ebelik mesleğinin ileride herkes tarafından tercih edilmek istenen bir meslek olacağını bildirdi.Sonuç: Araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerin büyük çoğunluğunun bölüm tercihlerini bilinçli yaptıkları, tercihlerinde mesleğin iş olanaklarının olması ve puanlarının düşük olmasının etkili olduğu, eğitim ile mesleğe olumlu bakış açısı geliştirdikleri, mesleğin geleceği ile ilgili olumlu düşüncelerinin olduğu ve mesleğin zorluklarının farkında oldukları sonucuna varılmıştır.
Acil Servise COVİD-19 Şüphesi ile Başvuran Bireylerin Hastalığa İlişkin Bilgilerinin İncelenmesi: Türkiye’nin Güneyi’nde Bir Pandemi Hastanesi Örneği
Authors: PARA Eda , USLU Yasemin , ALTINBAŞ Yasemin
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırma acil servise COVID-19 şüphesi ile başvuran bireylerin bu hastalığa yönelik bilgilerinin incelenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte gerçekleştirilen bu araştırma; Mayıs-Ağustos 2020 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’nin güney bölgesinde yer alan bir Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi’nde yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya acil servise COVID-19 şüphesiyle başvuran 259 birey dahil edilmiş olup; veriler literatür doğrultusunda hazırlanan “Koronavirüs (COVID-19) Bilgi Formu” ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 26.0 paket programından yararlanılmış ve tanımlayıcı istatistiklerde yüzde dağılımı, ortalama ve standart sapma değerleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %64.1’i erkek, %54.8’i evli, %40.2’si lisans ve lisansüstü eğitim düzeyinde, %55.2’si ilçeden yaşamakta ve %48.6’sının geliri giderinden azdır. Katılımcıların acil servise en sık başvuru belirtileri %75.3 ile halsizlik, %51.4 ile öksürük, %49 ile boğaz ağrısı ve %17 ile nefes darlığı olduğu ifade edilmiştir. Katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğunun COVID-19 bulaşma yollarını doğru tanımladığı, hastalıktan korunma yöntemlerine ilişkin bilgilerinin iyi düzeyde olduğu ancak bazı uygulamalar konusunda bilgi eksikliklerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. COVID-19 ile ilgili bilgi eksikliklerine rağmen, potansiyel tehlikelerden korunmaya kısmen dikkat ettikleri söylenebilir.Sonuç: Hastalığın yayılımını kontrol altına alabilmek için bireylerin farkındalığının arttırılarak hastalıktan korunmaya yönelik bireysel önlemleri doğru ve etkili bir şekilde almaları sağlanmalı ve buna yönelik eğitim ve bilgilendirme faaliyetleri arttırılmalıdır.
Biyolojik Temelli Uygulamaların İnfertil Kadınlar Üzerindeki Etkisine Güncel Bir Bakış
Authors: YILDIRIM Fatma , ŞAHİN Ebru
Published: September 2021

İnfertilite, 12 ay veya daha fazla sürede, düzenli korunmasız cinsel ilişkide bulunulmasına rağmen gebeliğin oluşmaması olarak tanımlanan bir üreme sistemi hastalığıdır. Çiftlerin bir kısmı anlaşmaya dayalı infertilite tedavisi öncesinde, tedavi esnasında ya da olumsuz sonuçlanan tedaviler sonrasında tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tıp uygulamalarına yönlenmektedir. Tamamlayıcı alternatip tıp yöntemleri, çeşitli ölçülebilir ve ölçülemeyen mekanizmalar yoluyla hareket eden çok çeşitli uygulamaları kapsamaktadır. Bu yöntemler arasında en sık kullanılanlardan birisi de biyolojik temelli uygulamalardır. Kadın infertilitesinde başvurulan biyolojik temelli uygulamaların tıbbi tedaviye ek olarak kullanımının faydalarına yönelik farklı sonuçlar ortaya konulduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu derlemede biyolojik temelli uygulamaların infertil kadınlara etkisi ele alınmıştır.
Probiotic Tofu with Bacillus clausii Spores to Support Gastrointestinal Microflora
Authors: ZEYBEKOĞLU Nursena , ÖZHAN Hatice , BOYACIOĞLU Olcay
Published: September 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to develop a tofu product enriched with probiotic Bacillus clausii spores that vegan individuals can benefit from without changing their diets for probiotic consumption and without having to use the supplementary probiotic pills.Method: B. clausii was cultured to sporulate in 2xSG medium. The resulting B. clausii spores were added to tofu by two different methods to determine the optimum step in the procedure to ensure that the probiotic was able to retain in tofu at the highest amount; i) addition of probiotic spores before coagulant MgCl2 (P-C tofu), ii) addition of probiotic spores after the coagulant (C-P tofu).Results: The yields of probiotic spores in P-C and C-P tofu were calculated to be 5.45±0.40 and 5.33±0.56 log cfu/g, respectively, which was slightly lower than the targeted level, 6 log cfu/g. No significant difference was observed between the P-C and C-P tofu methods in terms of probiotic concentration (P=0.36; t test). Storage of P-C tofu at -18°C decreased the probiotic load by 0.45 log cfu/g in 1 month (P=0.003). One-day temperature abuse at 20°C of cold chain storage resulted in a significant 0.85 log reduction (P=0.01). Sauté cooking was found to decrease the spore load in tofu significantly by 1.22 log (P=0.004). Sensory evaluation of P-C and probiotic free tofu did not reveal a significant difference in general acceptability features (P>0.05). Conclusion: Probiotic enriched tofu may be a healthy alternative choice for vegans and vegetarians while positively affecting the health of consumers.
Anne-Bebek Bağlanmasının Annelik Algısı ve Bazı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi
Authors: ENGİN Nida , AYYILDIZ Tülay
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma, anne-bebek bağlanmasının annelik algısı ve bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.Yöntem: Çalışmanın örneklemini Aralık 2019-Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında Zonguldak il merkezinde bulunan iki hastanenin kadın doğum kliniklerinde doğum yapmış olan ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 368 anne oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında “Anne-Bebek Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu”, “Anne-Bebek Bağlanma Ölçeği”, “Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği” ve “Anlamsal Farklılık Ölçeği (Anne Olarak Ben ve Bebeğim)” formları kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 22.0 ve AMOS 21.0 paket programları kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan annelerin, anne-bebek bağlanma düzeyi ortalamasının 22.25±2.01 (17-24) arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada anne-bebek bağlanmasının annenin eğitim, sosyal güvenceye sahip olma ve gelir durumu, aile tipi, evlilik-gebeliğin isteğe bağlı olması, doğum öncesi bakım eğitimi alma, doğum şekli, canlı doğum sayısı, bebeğin kucaklanma, ilk emzirilme zamanı ve beslenme türüne göre farklılaştığı saptanmıştır (p<0.005).Sonuç: Sosyal destek, annelik algısı ve bebeğim algısı faktörlerinin anne-bebek bağlanmasına etkisi %42 olarak tespit edilmiştir.
The Assessment of Maturation Indicators in Individuals with Different Skeletal Pattern
Authors: AY ÜNÜVAR Yazgı
Published: September 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationships among dental age, chronological age, hand-wrist maturation and cervical vertebral maturation in Class I, Class II and Class III individuals.Method: Panoramic, cephalometric and hand-wrist radiographs of 289 individuals (151 girls, 138 boys) aged between 8 and 18 were evaluated in this study. Subjects divided into three main groups as Class I, Class II and Class III according to their sagittal skeletal malocclusion. The dental ages of the individuals were defined according to the Demirjian’s method. The Fishman maturation indicators were used for evaluating the hand-wrist radiographs and the method improved by Bacetti et al. were used for evaluating the maturation stages of the cervical vertebrae. The Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between the variables separately for males and females.Results: The Spearman correlation coefficient indicated a significant positive correlation at different levels between all variables evaluated for both female and male individuals in all groups (P< 0.01). The lowest correlation was found between chronological age and dental age skeletal in Class II group (r: 0.413). The correlation between cervical vertebra maturation and hand-wrist maturation were highly positive for both sexes in all groups (P< 0.01).Conclusion: According to the results of our study, to define the growth spurt and developmental stages, cervical vertebrae maturation could be used as an alternative to hand-wrist maturation assessment. However, additional studies with a larger sample size may be helpful in proving the reliability of the dental age.
Prevalence of Antenatal Care Practice among Marginalized Community of Nepal
Authors: Sangroula Raj Kumar , Khatiwada Subash , Dahal Maginsh , Baral Kushalata , Thakurathi Bhuwan , Barakoti Ramesh , Sangroula Menuka , Khanal Sudip , Subedi Raj Kumar , Subedi Raj Kumar
Published: September 2021

Background: The government of Nepal aims to improve the health of mothers and newborns by providing quality safe motherhood services. Increasing access and utilization of antenatal care (ANC) services are the first steps towards improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes, particularly those of the marginalized communities.Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and factors associated with the antenatal care visits among the marginalized community of Nepal.Methods: A mixed-method study was conducted among 202 reproductive aged females of marginalized community in Nepal having childbirth during the last 2 years. Pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires and key informant interview guidelines were used for the collection of data. Bivariate and multiple regression analysis were carried out to find out the factors associated with the antenatal care visits. For qualitative data, thematic analysis was done. Results: More than half (56.9%) of the participants had completed four or more antenatal care visits. Mothers with primary level of education were 2.7 times more likely to complete four or more ANC visits (AOR: 2.7, CI: 1.09-7.07). Age at marriage (AOR: 2.3, CI: 1.08-5.22), women who took decisions alone for their health (AOR: 2.9, CI: 1.22-6.96),exposure to FCHV (AOR:2.5, CI: 1.1-5.9), knowledge about safe delivery incentive program (AOR: 3.6, CI: 1.46-9.0) and perception of “good quality” ANC service(AOR:7.5, CI: 3.3-17.1)were significantly associated with the number of ANC visits. Conclusion: The overall utilization of antenatal health services was low. So, there is a need of different community based maternal health programs especially targeting the marginalized females.
The role of external factors in realizing of the natural progress of the child’s motor development within the first year of life
Authors: Lupandina-Bolotova Galina S. , Revina Aliya A. , Ignatov Dmitry A.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The development of a child in the first year of life provides the basis for their further harmonious growth. Motor development occurs in parallel with the ongoing gradual development of the nervous system. The transition to a new motor milestone is associated with the emergence of new skills; therefore, stimulation of motor development should occur in accordance with the next milestone of the nervous system development. Intervention in the natural process of the skills gaining without considering the developmental nervous system milestone leads to a change in the trajectory of motor progress of the child. Aim of the study was to assess the significance of individual elements of motor development for the function of balance and walking, as well as to identify the role of non-physiologic (contradicting motor ontogenesis) stimulation of motor skills in the evolvement of non-optimal motor patterns and impaired balance and walking function. Materials and methods. In total, 43 children aged ≥ 12 months admitted to the «Consultative Diagnostic Department» of the Federal State Autonomous Institution «National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health» of the Ministry of Health of Russia were examined within the framework of dispensary observation in the period from December 2016 to June 2019. The assessment of motor development was carried out according to the tests and questionnaires developed. The children were divided into two groups: the treatment group, in which the intervention was carried out, and the control group. Results. The frequency of realization of physiological patterns in children in the treatment group was 65.5%, and in the control group was 89.6%. The occurrence of the functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system was as follows: pathological functional kyphosis in the lumbar spine in children in the treatment group occurred in 73.1%, and in the control group in 26.9%; sitting on the sacrum occurred in 73.1% in the treatment group, and 26.9 % in the control group; impaired coordination in the treatment group occurred in 53.9%, and in 46.1% in the control group; decreased balance function in the treatment group occurred in 61.5%, and in 38.5% in the control group. Conclusion. Correct interaction with a child in the first year of life, in combination with physiological stimulation corresponding to the developmental milestones of the nervous system, allows the child to implement their motor skills in a timely manner, without disrupting the natural sequence of motor development, and minimizes the risks of functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system.
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis
Authors: Azizova Umida M. , Bembeeva Raisa Ts. , Kozyreva Anastasia A. , Zavadenko Nikolay N.
Published: September 2021

Autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are one of the most socially and economically significant problems of neurology. Despite the identification of new nosological forms of autoimmune encephalitis, the creation of diagnostic panels for the verification of autoantibodies in biological fluids, and the use of highly effective pathogenetic therapy, the number of diagnostic errors remains high, which poses a threat to the patient’s life and a high risk of developing severe complications. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDAR encephalitis) is autoimmune encephalitis caused by the presence of antibodies (Ab) to the NR1 subunit of NMDA-receptors (NMDAR) characterized by the development of severe mental and neurological deficits in a previously healthy person. This article summarizes the recent literature on anti-NMDAR encephalitis. The literature search was carried out using the Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed, CyberLeninka databases. The review presents the facts of the history of the study of the disease, epidemiological data, modern ideas about the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of the disease, the spectrum of clinical manifestations and various forms of the course of the disease. The diagnostic criteria and research methods used to confirm the diagnosis are described, approaches to the treatment of anti-NMDAR encephalitis are outlined. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is clinically manifested by a combination of mental disorders, epileptic seizures, speech and extrapyramidal disorders, and disturbances in the rhythm of sleep and wakefulness. The disease occurs at any age. The development of the disease can be associated with such immunological triggers as oncological process and herpetic encephalitis, or be idiopathic in nature. There are features of the course of the clinical picture depending on the age of the patient, paraneoplastic or postherpetic aetiology of the disease. The diagnostic algorithm, along with neuroimaging, determination of specific antibodies, electroencephalography, should also include the search for an oncological process. The recovery of patients can take from several months to years. In some cases, persistent neurological deficits develop. Predictors of a favourable outcome include early initiation and use of combination therapy, detection and removal of neoplasms, a low titer of anti-NMDAR antibodies, and age of patients over 12 years of age. In up to 25% of cases, a relapsing course of the disease is possible, and therefore requires long-term monitoring of these patients.
Differential diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Kurenkov Alexey L. , Kuzenkova Lyudmila M. , Pak Lale A. , Bursagova Bella I. , Podkletnova Tatyana V. , Kondakova Olga B. , Lyalina Anastasiya A. , Grebenkin Dmitry I. , Pushkov Aleksey A. , Davydova Iulia I. , Savostyanov Kirill V.
Published: September 2021

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a disease with an X-linked recessive type of inheritance, belonging to a group of disorders with primary muscle damage, caused by pathogenic variants in the DMD gene and associated with dysfunction of the dystrophin protein. Since DMD is manifested by the gradual development of progressive, mainly proximal muscle weakness, the differential diagnosis is primarily carried out in the group of diseases with muscle damage - myopathies. Among these diseases, the leading candidates for differential diagnosis are hereditary myopathies (limb-girdle muscular dystrophies, facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, congenital muscular dystrophies, glycogenoses - the most common juvenile form of glycogenosis type II (Pompe disease)) and, much less often, congenital myopathies and other conditions of neuromuscular diseases). When conducting a differential diagnosis in a child with suspected DMD, the age of the onset of the disease, early initial clinical manifestations and the development of symptoms as they grow, genealogical analysis, laboratory tests (the level of creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase in blood serum), instrumental (electromyography, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and muscles) and molecular genetics (polymerase chain reaction, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, next-generation sequencing, Sanger sequencing, etc.) of studies, and in some cases, muscle biopsy data. Knowledge of the nuances of the differential diagnosis allows establishing a genetic diagnosis of DMD as early as possible, which is extremely important for the formation of the prognosis of the disease and the implementation of all available treatment methods, including pathogenetic therapy, and is also necessary for medical and genetic counselling of families with DMD patients.
How Architects and Designers are Building the Future!
Authors: Afsar Adil , Afsar Adil
Published: September 2021

The world today is evolving at a very rapid pace. The needs today won't be the needs of tomorrow. This shift of the needs and longing of humans to experience something beyond exceptional is not momentary. This shift is continuous and humans are pushing their limits to experience something which they haven't before. In order to quench that thirst, the products which satisfy their desires don't last long and that's why the products today are short lived and are not sustainable. This is very good for the economy in order to keep the cycle running espousing consumerism as well. This is giving a tough challenge to designers and architects of today to create something sustainable which can keep the people engaged for a long time. Thus, the designers and Architects are in the middle of this issue. Where they don't know whether they shall create something which is sustainable or something which is short lived and increases the desire of the consumer to look for what next.
Der Markt für Breitbandinternet in Deutschland und Politikempfehlungen zu seiner Förderung
Authors: Deist Henning , Proeger Till , Bizer Kilian
Published: September 2021

Die deutsche Bundesregierung hat sich im Rahmen ihrer Digitalpolitik das Ziel gesetzt, bis 2018 Internet mit Übertragungsraten von mindestens 50 Mbit/s für alle deutschen Haushalte verfügbar zu machen. Die wissenschaftliche Bearbeitung dieses wirtschaftspolitisch relevanten Themas ist für Deutschland von ökonomischer Seite bislang unzureichend. Zwar liegt eine Reihe von Studien vor, die einzelne Teilaspekte der ökonomischen Diskussion um die Förderung von Breitbandinternet beleuchten. Ein umfassender Überblick über den Forschungsstand, der die Ergebnisse der bisherigen Studien gegenüberstellt und der eine umfassende Analyse der deutschen strukturellen Gegebenheiten leistet, fehlt jedoch bisher. Die vorliegende Studie zielt darauf ab, diese Lücke in der deutschsprachigen Forschungsliteratur zu schließen. Der Fokus dieser Studie liegt auf der Angebotsseite und den Determinanten einer flächenmäßigen Verfügbarkeit von Hochleistungsanschlüssen. Das Ziel ist es hierbei, die einem weiteren Ausbau des Netzes zugrunde liegenden Wirkungszusammenhänge auf diesem netz- und infrastrukturgebundenen und von Regulierung geprägten Markt zu analysieren. Telekommunikationsmärkte zeichnen sich vor allem dadurch aus, dass in der Regel kein vollständiger Wettbewerb eintreten kann. Die Gründe dafür liegen insbesondere in hohen Kapitalbedarfen, hohen Fixkosten und technischen Restriktionen, die den Marktzutritt neuer Wettbewerber erschweren. Weiter spielen zum Teil sehr lange Amortisationszeiträume und daraus resultierende versunkene Kosten eine zentrale Rolle. Diese Arbeit untersucht die Anreize zum Netzausbau, die sich angesichts dieser spezifischen Marktkonstellation ergeben, und gibt anschließend Empfehlungen für eine am Netzausbau orientierte Regulierungs- und Förderpolitik.
Torsion, infarction, and rupture of an ovary: A rare complication of recurrent ovarian torsion
Authors: YÜKSEL Dilek , VARLI Erol Nadi , KILIÇ Çiğdem , ÖZTÜRK Azize , ÇAKIR Caner , IŞIKDOĞAN Zuhal
Published: September 2021

Ovarian torsion is a gynecological emergency generally affecting women of reproductive age, and urgent surgicalintervention is required to preserve ovarian function. Recurrent ipsilateral ovarian torsion is rarely seen but may causea severe decrease in reproductive capacity. Different surgical techniques have been described to prevent this. The casepresented here is of a 26-year old female with recurrent ipsilateral ovarian torsion, complicated by an ovarian rupture inthe third episode of torsion.
İntrauterin İnseminasyon Uygulanan Hastalarda Sperm Parametrelerinin Gebelik Sonuçları ile İlişkisi
Authors: TAŞIN Cuma , ÖZAKŞİT Gülnur
Published: September 2021

Amaç: İnfertil hastalarda intrauterin inseminasyon yaygın kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Bu hastalardaki gebelik başarısınıetkileyen sperm parametreleri ise hala tartışmalı bir konudur. Bu çalışmamız sperm parametrelerinin intrauterininseminasyon sonuçlarına etkisini tayin etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamız Ocak 2009-Ocak 2011 tarihleri arasında Dr. Zekai Tahir Burak Kadın Sağlığı Eğitim ve AraştırmaHastanesi infertilite polikliniğinde rekombinant FSH ile ovulasyon indüksiyonu oluşturulup intrauterin inseminasyonuygulanan 170 infertil hastanın 300 siklusunun incelendiği bir çalışmadır. Yaş, bazal FSH, toplam kullanılan FSH dozu,tedavi siklus sayısı, sigara kullanımı, varikosel ve semen parametreleri ile tedavi sonuçları karşılaştırıldı. Hastaların semenparametrelerinde total progresif motil sperm sayısı ≤10 milyon ve >10 milyon , morfoloji ise ≤ % 4 ve >% 4 olarak gruplaraayrıldı. Total progresif motil sperm sayısı ve morfoloji gruplarının gebelik sonuçlarına bakıldı. Erkek hastalarda sigarakullanımı ve varikoselin total progresif motil sperm sayısı ve morfolojiye olan etkilerine bakıldı.Bulgular: Total progresif motil sperm sayısı <10 milyon ve ≥10 milyon grupları arasında ve morfoloji ≤% 4 ve >% 4grupları arasında klinik gebelik oranları açısından istatiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Erkelerde sigara kullanımınınnormal morfolojideki sperm sayısının azalttığı, varikoselin ise hem total progresif motil sperm sayısını hem de normalmorfolojideki sperm sayısının azalttığı bulundu.Sonuç: İntrauterin inseminasyon sikluslarındaki gebelik oranları ne tek başına morfoloji ne de tek başına total progresifmotil sperm sayısı ile korelasyon göstermektedir. İnfertil erkeklerde sigara kullanımının özellikle morfolojiyi bozarakgebelik oranlarını azalttığı saptandı. Varikoselin hem morfolojiyi hem de total progresif motil sperm sayısını azalttığıfakat bunun gebelik sonuçlarını etkilemediği sonucuna ulaşıldı.
THE ABILITY OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES TO INFLUENCE THE NEUTRAL MODE OF ELECTRIC GRIDS
Authors: Mikheev Georgi M. , Ziganshin Ayrat G.
Published: September 2021

In this article, we consider the modes of neutrals of 0,38 to 750 kV networks. In any network with different voltage classes, the neutral point of a power transformer winding can operate both in isolated and deaf earthed mode. However, the choice of this mode depends on economic feasibility.
The paper presents arguments and advantages of application of system with isolated and compensated neutral of networks with voltage classes 6–35 kV. For networks of these voltage classes various options of connecting arc suppression reactors with step and smooth regulation, as well as low and high impedance resistors in the neutral point of neutralizing transformer or zero sequence filter are considered. On the example of operation of electric networks of the Republic of Chuvashia for many decades it is emphasized that compensation of capacitive currents with arc suppression reactors is an effective and reliable way to protect not only substation electrical equipment from overvoltage, but also to ensure electrical safety of people and animals, as well as reinforced concrete towers from destruction.
It is noted that the 6–35 kV networks in the future can be made with deaf earthed neutral. However, this will be possible under the condition that self-supporting insulated wires will be installed on overhead transmission lines instead of bare wires, and cross-linked polyethylene cables will be used on cable lines. It is emphasized that the introduction of work under voltage in 6-35 kV networks and digitalization of substations with the widespread introduction of microprocessor technology will accelerate the transition from a system with insulated (or compensated) neutral to a deaf earthed system. Nevertheless, the decision to switch from the insulated neutral system to a deaf earthed system will remain the prerogative of the design organization based on the specifics of the electrical equipment and the sphere of industrial activity.
ELECTRICAL NETWORK OF FAULT REGIME MODEL CONSTRUCT FEATURES IN A SINGLE-END TRAVELING WAVE FAULT LOCATION METHOD
Authors: Fedorov Aleksey O. , Petrov Vladimir S. , Hristoforov Vitaliy A.
Published: September 2021

In the single-end traveling wave (TW) fault location methods, for determining TW front, the arrival time of which is determined by the place of the short circuit (SC) on the power line, electrical network of fault regime models are constructed. From the electrical network of fault regime models, only one is selected that allows, by the first TW front magnitude and its arrival time, to obtain estimations of the TWs fronts magnitudes and their arrival times which are closest to the corresponding quantities determined from locator measurements. Based on the selected electrical network of fault regime model the used TWs are identified and the fault place is determined. Known implementations of the single-end traveling wave fault location method use simplified electrical network of fault regime model: the influence of the fault type and its resistance, as well as the parameters of the electrical network elements, are not taken into account on the TWs fronts magnitude. These disadvantages can cause both an increased error in determining the fault location and even failure in the operation of the locator. In this article, the theory of constructing electrical network of fault regime model is presented: the influence of fault location and its type on the TWs fronts magnitude are considered. Particular attention is paid to the study of the issue of the TWs generation as a result of the cross-transmission effect. It is shown that in order to correctly determine the used TW front in the electrical network of fault regime model, in addition to the power line length and its characteristic impedance, it is necessary to take into account the short circuit type and its resistance, and the possible TWs generation in one mode under the influence of TWs in another one.
FEATURES OF DESIGNING OF BISTABLE ELECTROMAGNETIC LATCHING RELAYS
Authors: Vasilyev Evgeniy G. , Ivanov Ivan P. , Mitrofanov Oleg N. , Samuilov Dmitriy V. , Svintsov Gennadiy P.
Published: September 2021

Bistable relays are widely used in both general and special purpose engineering. Such relays are subdivided according to the construction principle into two groups: bistable electromagnetic polarized relays and bistable electromagnetic latching relays.

In the technical literature, there is practically no information on the design of the relay of the second group. This article highlights general issues of their design using the example of high-current relays of the DP-1 series for rated currents from 25 to 100 A, which have been used for a long time in autonomous power supply systems for military equipment. The descriptions of the distinctive features of the relay construction and the principle of its operation are given. The kinematic schemes of the main mechanism of the electromagnetic and contact systems are considered. The example of constructing the opposing characteristics of the relay is shown. The paper provides the replacement scheme for calculating of magnetic system on improved method of sections and assumptions, characteristic of the given relay construction.
WAYS TO INCREASE THE LIGHTNING PROTECTION OF CARBON FIBER PLASTICS
Authors: Guschin Igor A.
Published: September 2021

Based on the previously conducted analytical study of the destruction of conducting composites by lightning currents, methods for increasing their lightning resistance are considered. To substantiate these methods, an analysis of the current distribution at different ratios of transverse and longitudinal resistivity was carried out. One of the methods using conductive additives in the composition of the binder material allows you to influence the anisotropy of the conductive medium of carbon fiber. The parameters of the range of the degree of anisotropy of carbon fiber are proposed to achieve uniform current spreading and reduce the radius of destruction of the composite by lightning currents. The formula for the fracture radius in the absence of anisotropy is obtained and estimated calculations are performed. The method of reinforcing carbon fiber with thin wires to increase its lightning resistance is considered. Calculated expressions are found for estimating the weight, the number of delays per unit area, and the absence of overheating. Comparisons of weight characteristics for various reinforcing materials are carried out and a conclusion is made on their effectiveness. The advantages and disadvantages of this method of protection are considered. The third way to increase the lightning resistance of the composite suggests using a carbon fiber material with a woven structure as a protective coating. This protection reduces the energy release in the material and the size of the damage. It is concluded that it is necessary to control the lightning protection parameters and choose a coating with the required characteristics. The principles and criteria of lightning protection for real carbon fiber plastics will be considered in subsequent works.
NEURAL NETWORK CLASSIFIER OF ENERGY FACILITIES OPERATING MODES AND ITS RECOGNITION ABILITY ASSESSMENT AT DIFFERENT NUMBER OF PRECEDENTS
Authors: Dementiy Yuri A. , Maslov Aleksandr N.
Published: September 2021

Classical algorithms of relay protection construction do not use all available information base and therefore cannot provide the highest possible sensitivity with guaranteed selectivity. These algorithms, as a rule, concentrate different information, as a result of which it is partially lost. For example, the resistance relay operates with complex resistance, that is, two real parameters, although two complex variables – voltage and current – are used to calculate the complex resistance. This paper shows the solution to the problem of classification of power line operating modes using a neural network algorithm. The simplest neural network, a perceptron, is a universal classifier, since a convergence theorem has been proved for it, showing that if a classification exists, a perceptron of sufficient complexity is able to describe it. The statistical and geometrical interpretations of various algorithms are discussed. The dependence of the quality of the classifier’s work on the distribution of precedents in the training sample, on which the training is based, as well as on the structure and parameters of the neural network, is shown. The recognition ability of the neural network classifier, i.e. the ability to distinguish short circuits within the protected zone from short circuits outside the protected zone at different number of precedents in the training sample, is evaluated. The limits of applicability of such algorithms to the task of classification of object operation modes in electric power industry are shown and recommendations for their practical application are formulated. The results obtained indicate the need to develop methods for training classifiers that are based on a source of informative precedents in the form of a simulation model of the object.