bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigation on Gas Accumulation and Gas Migration in Enlarged Boreholes of Horizontal Gas Wells
Authors: Li Wentuo , Meng Lingyu , Du Xu , Huang Yi , Luo Ming , Deng Wenbiao
Published: February 2021

The horizontal section of the horizontal gas well will form a horizontally enlarged borehole due to factors such as the collapse of the well wall, and it is easy to form gas accumulation in the enlarged section, which will cause accidents such as overflow. Therefore, it is very important to study the gas accumulation law in the horizontal enlarged section. Based on the actual horizontal wellbore size, a three-dimensional horizontal rectangular-enlarged borehole model and a three-dimensional horizontal curved-enlarged borehole model are established in this paper to simulate the phenomenon of gas clustering in the enlarged diameter section. The research results show that, under the same length of the enlarged section, the gas discharge of the horizontally rectangular-enlarged borehole is difficult, which is more likely to cause gas accumulation, but the horizontally curved-enlarged borehole is less likely to cause gas accumulation; When the fluid flows through the horizontal enlarged diameter section, the pressure will increase and the pressure flowing out of the expansion section will decrease, and the faster the flow velocity, the greater the pressure in the expanding section.
Predict and Analyze Exchange Rate Fluctuations Accordingly Based on Quantile Regression Model and K-Nearest Neighbor
Authors: Zhang Dongyang , Wang Xiaojie , Gao Liyuan , Gong Yicheng
Published: February 2021

The exchange rate is one of the important indicators to measure macroeconomic fluctuations. The exchange rate of the US dollar against the RMB reflects the currency exchange rates of the world’s two largest economies. As a global emergency, the new coronavirus pneumonia (Corona Virus Disease 2019, COVID-19) has a significant impact on all aspects of society, so fluctuations in the exchange rate market cannot be ignored. This article uses the daily exchange rate of USD to RMB published on the official website of China Merchants Bank as the dependent variable representing the economic situation. The daily new confirmed cases of new coronavirus pneumonia confirmed by the National Health Commission, the number of new deaths each day, and the number of new cured cases each day are the influencing variables, and the Shanghai Interbank Offered Rate is used as the control variable. In order to explore the relationship between variables and predict and analyze exchange rate fluctuations accordingly, multiple linear regression and quantile regression are used for impact analysis. Comparing the prediction results of the multiple linear regression and the K nearest neighbor model, it is found that daily new confirmed cases, daily new cured cases, and market interest rates harm the exchange rate. At 0.5 quintile, the number of newly diagnosed cases per day increases by 1 unit, and the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar to the renminbi will correspondingly decrease by 0.00001%. At the 0.75 quantiles, new cured cases will change by one unit every day, and the exchange rate will change. The percentage is -0.00003%, the market interest rate changes by one unit, and the percentage of exchange rate changes are -0.037%, which is significant. And after comparison, it is found that the prediction effect obtained by the K nearest neighbor model is better than the multiple linear regression model. At the beginning of the epidemic, the exchange rate fluctuated by 1.78%. After the government took a series of prevention and control measures against major emergencies, the epidemic was effectively controlled, worries gradually eased, and the exchange rate has returned to a relatively stable state.
Application of Semantic Analysis System in Intelligent Navigation Path Planning Based on Pulse Lidar Profiler
Authors: Yang Zhongyi , Tao Li
Published: February 2021

The daily operation and maintenance of rock tunnel and coal mine roadway focuses on ensuring safety and data validity. Although a lot of related research has been published, most of them focus on one or several categories of dangerous situation handling. This research combines the concepts of pulse lidar profiler and semantic analysis system, and proposes a new system oriented security operation and maintenance method. The scanning of the conventional area can even be skipped in the case of time constraint, but the sub key area and the primary key area must be scanned and monitored strictly according to the scanning times converted from the weight value of real-time calibration. For the primary focus area, the maximum scanning cycle of 7 cycles can be specified directly. In short, it classifies the continuous spatial point cloud data scanned by pulse lidar profiler through semantic analysis system, and allocates weights according to different classes of object mapping, and makes multiple scanning decision arrangement for high weight classes.
Image Classification Algorithm Based on Improved AlexNet
Authors: Li Shaojuan , Wang Lizhi , Li Jia , Yao Yuan
Published: February 2021

Aiming at the problems that the traditional CNN has many parameters and a large proportion of fully connected parameters, a image classification method is proposed, which based on improved AlexNet. This method adds deconvolution layer to traditional AlexNet and classifies the images by full connection layer. Using Cifar-10 data set to test the classification algorithm. The results indicate that the method not only reduces the number of parameters and parameters proportion of the full connection layer, but also improves the classification accuracy compared with AlexNet.
Empirical Research on the Coupling Degree of Anhui Regional Based on Index Coefficients, Models and Calculation Methods
Authors: Hu Liangyi
Published: February 2021

In recent years, Anhui Province has made considerable progress in economy development, but there are still many problems. What is particularly prominent is that the contribution of tourism to economy growth is not obvious, and the coupling and coordinated development of tourism industry and regional economy is particularly important. Therefore, the article establishes index coefficients, models and calculation methods, to conduct an empirical analysis of the coupling and coordination degree between the economy and tourism in various regions of Anhui. The results show that there are obvious regional differences on the degree of coordination between the tourism industry and the regional economy in Anhui Province, and the tourism industry and regional economy development are restricted each other. On this basis, measures such as optimizing resources, promoting sustainable development, and changing vacation modes are proposed to optimize the development of tourism.
Second Order Asymptotics Formula for Discounted Total Claims with Constant Interest Force
Authors: Dong Yinghua
Published: February 2021

In this article, we analyse discounted total claims of insurance company, where the claim-size distribution is second order subexponential and the claim-number forms a renewal process. Using the asymptotic theory of the right-tail probability of randomly weighted sums, we study the right tail probability of discounted aggregate claims, and obtain a second order asymptotic expression, which was established uniformly for any finite-time level. The result is superior to the first order asymptotic formula.
A Neural Network Prediction Method Based on NNSOA
Authors: Zhao Yong , Xu Mengjie , Wang Qianhan , Ma Bin
Published: February 2021

By using a neural network synchronization optimization algorithm (NNSOA) as a search technique, this paper applies a neural network to forecast the promotion of the employees in a home appliances manufacturing enterprise in Hefei, Anhui province. NNSOA not only optimizes the neural network, but also eliminates the unnecessary weight in the neural network structure. The results prove that a neural network trained by ten times of cross-validation experiment design can make a high-accuracy prediction on the promotion of the employees in the enterprise. The prediction efficiency of predictive variables can be identified by the neural network trained with NNSOA. The study provides more targeted suggestions for enterprises to improve the overall employee development environment.
Measuring the Micro Deformation and Crack of Rock Surface and Make Robot Intelligent Walking Path from Pulse Lidar Profiler
Authors: Zhou Tao , Tao Li
Published: February 2021

Derived from accumulated lidar point cloud, 3D model building appears to be a crucial technology for autonomous navigation of car. In this paper, we present a method of monitoring rock wall cracks and micro rock top displacement of underground tunnel by using pulse lidar profiler, so as to achieve the purpose of timely and real-time early warning. With the help of the Internet of things, cloud data and fog computing, the pulse lidar profiler is regarded as an extended terminal of cloud computing. It performs many tasks such as daily contour data and key electronic equipment monitoring status data recording, danger alarm calculation and emergency situation uploading to the cloud database.
Simulation Analysis for Effect of Rear Structure of Hatchback Car on Rear Field Characteristics
Authors: Qu Xian , Xie Jun
Published: February 2021

The tail shape of the hatchback car is crucial to the rear field. To improve the tail aerodynamic design of the hatchback car, the orthogonal optimization method is used to reveal the rule of different tail structures affecting the aerodynamic drag and lift force considering their interference with each other. First, the different tail structures, such as the top, the side, the bottom and the tail structures, are analysed to reveal the influence of the wake based on the MIRA model. Then, the orthogonal optimization method is applied to investigate the tail shape optimal design considering the mutual influence of each tail structure. The aerodynamic drag coefficient and the lift coefficient are calculated to evaluate the aerodynamic characteristics in the orthogonal analysis. The results show that the angles of the rear windshield and the diffuser has a great influence on the aerodynamic drag. While the diffuser angle have the greatest influence on the lift coefficient. The influence of the rear windshield angle and roof angle is also noteworthy. In a word, the diffuser angle, the rear windshield angle and the roof angle are the key structures for the aerodynamic optimization of the tail of hatchback cars.
Computer-aided Linear Algebra Course on Jupyter-Python Notebook for Engineering Undergraduates
Authors: Tang Chang
Published: February 2021

As an important basic course, linear algebra plays critical role for engineering undergraduates. However, traditional purely theoretical explanation makes students difficult to deeply understand the essence of linear algebra. In this paper, we introduce a new form of computer-aided linear algebra course with the application of a set of Python computer programs implemented on the Jupyter notebooks platform, and also aim to improve the development of innovative teaching methodologies for this course. In addition, in order to help students understand the intrinsic physical meanings of some concepts, we design some visual examples which demonstrate the practical applications of linear algebra. A serious of user-friendly Jupyter notebooks workflows developed in this work allow teachers–students to intuitively teach and learn theoretical concepts, description of practical problems, programming code, and simulation results with a visual output. The designed environment can help teachers/students to implement their simulations in Python language.
Software Environment Modelling Method
Authors: Li Qiuying , Sun Ruize
Published: February 2021

The influence of software environment and its changes on software functions and performance is becoming more and more important. Through literature investigation, this paper studies the concept, composition and characteristics of software environment, and analyzes the relationship between software environment and software requirements. This paper also presents the environment modelling method based on feature model and ontology model, and proposes the procedure and the important steps, together with the differences between the two models. Finally, case studies are given for each model.
Single Image Super-resolution Reconstruction Based on Enhanced Residual Network
Authors: Liu Chunyu , Qian Wenhua , Xu Dan , Jiang Mengjie , Li Xiaojin
Published: February 2021

High-resolution images present richer detailed information and have stronger information expression capabilities. The increase of the network depth does not guarantee that the reconstructed image has a higher quality, and may cause problems such as overfitting. So this article proposes an enhanced residual network, which can fully extract input low-resolution image features and reconstruct high-resolution images. This paper introduces a deconvolution operation based on the residual module to expand the size of input features, and the connection between different modules promotes feature fusion, obtains more high-frequency details from the input low-resolution image. The objective experimental results show that the proposed method has improved the indicators PSNR and SSIM. In terms of visual effects, it can reconstruct clearer and more detailed images.
Image Processing: Facilitating Retinanet for Detecting Small Objects
Authors: Zhou Zihao , Li Yang , Peng Chenglei , Wang Hanrong , Du Sidan
Published: February 2021

Detecting small objects is a challenging task in object detection due to low spatial resolution and interference by background. Specifically, one-stage detectors struggle with small objects for they generate worse candidate bounding boxes. In this paper, several modifications are made to the original Retinanet to tackle the problem. Dilated convolutional layers are added to the backbone to get fined-grained features along with semantic information. The gradient of loss function is increased near the origin to enhance the quality of candidate boxes for small objects. A novel feature fusion method is also proposed to directly guide low-level features with semantic information. Significant improvement of 5.1 mAP can be seen when evaluating on MOCOD small object dataset, which contains a large amount of small objects. Our method can be easily migrated to other backbone networks with feature pyramids for detecting small objects.
Sparse Group Regression Classification for Face Recognition
Authors: Zheng Chengyong , Luo Zhiyu
Published: February 2021

Face recognition has been widely used in biometric verification which is a significant issue in system control in computer based communication. Sparse regression classification (SRC) has been an important method for face recognition. SRC assumes its regression coefficients are globally sparse. However, these regression coefficients correspond to a class-specific gallery may be locally dense. In order to get some regression coefficients that are globally sparse and locally dense, sparse group regression (SGR) is introduced in this paper for face recognition. By use of SGR, we expect to get some regression coefficients which are not only sparse as a whole, but also locally dense in some part. Variable splitting and alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) are used for solving the problem of SGR. The proposed algorithm, named Sparse Group Regression Classification (SGRC), is extensively evaluated on four standard databases. A comparative study with some state-of-the-art algorithms reflects the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Dynamic Beam Tracking for Mobile Users
Authors: Wu Sai , Ma Baojuan , Sun Zhongkai , Sun Juanjuan , Shao Weiping , Zheng Weijun
Published: February 2021

In wireless network planning, large-scale MIMO can be applied to beam forming technology, which can ensure the continuous signal of user receiver without interruption. When the user moves, beamforming technology requires beamswitching to reposition the user, which increases unnecessary overhead. In this paper, the user azimuth beam tracking algorithm based on Kalman filtering decomposed the user’s trajectory in the actual scene, and used Kalman filtering algorithm to track the decomposed user’s trajectory, so that the beam can be adjusted to point to the user in real time. Through experimental verification, Kalman filtering is relatively accurate in predicting the position of mobile users relative to the Angle information of base station, and the predicted beam can ensure the stability of users’ connection, and at the same time achieve the purpose of reducing the number of beam-to-beam switching, reducing the overhead, improving the beam tracking efficiency, and making the connection more stable.
Propagation of Optical Dark Solitons in Metamaterials
Authors: Yang Fan , Xue Yanling
Published: February 2021

This paper studies the interaction between the formation of a single dark soliton and a pair of fundamental-order dark solitons. Based on the nonlinear Schrodinger’s equation combined with the lossless Drude model, the impacts of the nonlinearity, group velocity dispersion, third-order dispersion, and the self-steepening on the propagation of a dark soliton under the normal dispersion are studied using the distributed Fourier method. By selecting the ratio of group velocity dispersion length and the nonlinear length, the conditions for the stable transmission of dark solitons in metamaterials are obtained. On this basis, this paper also studies the interaction of a pair of fundamental-order dark soliton under the different conditions of the same amplitude with the same phase, the same amplitude with different phases, and different amplitudes with the same phase. In this paper, it is shown that the fundamental-order dark soliton pairs exhibit different characteristics of the interaction under the different conditions.
Design and Research of Large Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Picker
Authors: Yang Dengjie , Jiang Lihua
Published: February 2021

In view of the different growth patterns of ginkgo branches and the need to avoid injury to Ginkgo branches when picking ginkgo leaves, this design provides a kind of ginkgo leaf picking machine that can carry out large-scale mechanized picking in the ginkgo leaf planting area and improve ginkgo leaf picking efficiency. The picker puts the picking mechanism in the front of the tractor, which is driven by the tractor. The power needed for the picking mechanism to rotate is provided by the tractor. The picking mechanism contains the storage mechanism of ginkgo leaves in order to achieve harvesting and gathering. Mechanization of ginkgo leaf picking, the picking efficiency of ginkgo biloba leaves was improved to a greater extent.
Structural characteristics of polysaccharide microcapsules from Nostoc commune, and their applications in skin wound healing and pathological repair
Authors: Wang Yonggang , Wang Chenliang , Dang Jing , Xue Hongyan , Wang Xinjian , Jin Yongming , Yang Mingjun , Leng Feifan , Zhang Baigang
Published: February 2021

In this study, the extraction conditions of Nostoc commune Vauch polysaccharide (NCVP) were optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiments. Then, the NCVP microcapsules (NCVPM) were prepared. After analyzing the microcapsule structural and thermal characteristics, the skin wound healing ability was studied by establishing back trauma rat models. Results showed that the NCVP yield was 10.37% under the following optimum conditions: 210 min extraction time, solid–liquid ratio of 1:50 and extraction temperature of 90 °C. The overall performance of the microcapsule was the best when the concentration of sodium alginate, calcium chloride and chitosan was 2%, 3% and 0.3%, respectively. NCVPM had spherical morphology, typical microcapsule structural characteristics and good thermal stability, and NCVP was dispersed in the microcapsules. NCVPM showed good biocompatibility and biodegradability, which met the requirements for slow-release polymer materials. After 14 days of treatment, the wound healing rate was 92.4%, the cells were arranged neatly and regularly, the cell nucleus became large and elliptical, the cell had a tendency to divide, and the fibers and microvessel were significantly more. By evaluating the mechanism, NCVPM could increase the content of hydroxyproline and glutathione to protect cells from oxidative damage, leading in turn to accelerated wound healing and shorter wound healing times. It could also accelerate cell division, collagen and microvascular production by increasing transcription levels of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA and miRNA-21.
Global anthropogenic and natural nutrient fluxes: from local to planetary assessments
Authors: Malagó Anna , Bouraoui Fayçal
Published: February 2021

Nutrients are recognized as one of the nine planetary boundaries, which could increase risks of unacceptable global environmental changes. In this study we developed a recent and complete high-resolution nutrient flows compilation that can be used for assessing global nutrient annual fluxes from land to sea. It consists of annual nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fluxes with spatial resolution of five arc-minutes (about 10 × 10 km at the equator) centered on year 2005, assessing potential nutrient delivery to rivers, lakes and oceans. The dataset includes: nutrient inputs in agricultural areas (mineral and organic fertilization, nitrogen fixation), crop/fodder/grass harvest, nutrient inputs by domestic and industrial activities (i.e. wastewater treatment plants, industries, and phosphorus from detergents), nutrients from built-areas, nitrogen atmospheric deposition, N and P transported via erosion, and phosphorus release by weathering. The dataset was compared with other studies, was analyzed at different spatial scales showing the main environmental hotspots, and finally a qualitative uncertainty analysis was performed. The results showed that nitrogen surplus was the largest contributor to the potential losses on all continents, while for phosphorus the major contributors included the surplus, erosion and inputs from human wastewater. Hotspots were identified mainly in China and India. Rates exceeding 100 kg ha−1 of N were observed locally in Europe, Egypt and North America coinciding with intensive agriculture practices. We also showed that N and P transported via erosion, domestic and industrial nutrient emissions, as well as manure resulted in the most uncertain fluxes.
PROXIMATE AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF PEANUT CAKES FORTIFIED WITH MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF POWDER
Authors: Ademosun O.T. , Ajanaku C.O. , Oloyede M.O. , Owolabi A.O , Ajayi S.O , Jonathan H.O , Ajanaku K.O
Published: February 2021

The high-calorie ingredients used in the production of cakes has made older age group to desist from eating cakes because of the detrimental effects in the human body. A substitution approach using moringa leaf powder in peanut cake to address this effect was utilized. The moringa leaf powder was added in succession of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 w/w% to fortify peanut cakes. Standard methods were used to assess the proximate analysis and sensory evaluation of the blends. The proximate analysis showed an increased protein (13.83 -16.68%), fat (0.86 – 4.55%) and crude fibre (1.24 – 2.23%) contents with increased addition of moringa leaf powder; while there was an observed decrease in the carbohydrate content. Among the fortified samples, the cake blend with 2% moringa leaf powder addition was the most preferred in its quality index of taste, touch, mouthfeel, look and colour. In conclusion, based on the analyzed nutritional indices, fortification of cakes with moringa leaf powder will enhance protein and crude fibre contents as it brings down the carbohydrate content in cakes.
Path Profile and Coverage Statistics of Selected Radio Stations for Microwave Propagation Design over a Tropical Location
Authors: Ayodeji Ashidi , Oludamilola Osiname
Published: February 2021

Pathloss prediction is important for planning terrestrial radio communication at microwave frequencies. This necessitates the continuous evaluation of signal field strength dependence on path and channelcharacteristics. In this study, drive test analysis of received signal strength (RSS) from selected frequency modulated (FM) radio signals across different routes withinOndo State, Nigeria, was carried out. Signal strength distribution and coverage area statistics were evaluated for each channel on each route. The signals were measured from both high and low power transmitters using DBC BC 1173 digital signal level meter. Also, terrain elevations and location coordinates were measured using Garmin GPS 72 Personal Navigator. Location-specific pathloss model was developed for each transmitting station and their performance was evaluated against existing models. Dependence of signal strength on distance from the transmitter and path elevation was established following a least R2 value of 0.67 being returned from the comparative analysis between developed and existing models. This also indicates thatthe developed model is suitable for pathloss prediction within the location.
Alternative Feed Resources in Aquaculture: The Role of Underutilized Plants – A Review
Authors: Olasunkanmi J.B. , Julius O.T. , Babalola T.O. , Jimoh J.O. , Ariyomo T.O.
Published: February 2021

Feed plays an important role in the development and sustainability of the aquaculture industry. Feedstuffs are either of plant or animal origins. Some plants despite their potentials are underutilized in fish feed industry. The cost effectiveness, availability and sustainability potentials of these plants coupled with their nutritional composition make them fit to compete favourably well with the commonly utilized plants. Leaves and seeds of plants such as Moringaoleifera, Gliricidiasepium, Leucaenaleucocephala, alfalfa, sweet potato, velvet bean, cucumber, squash, broad bean, papaya, azolla, water hyacinth, duckweeds, etc. have been discovered to possess the requirements needed for use as a feedstuff in the fish feed industry. This paper therefore reviewed extensively; the potential use of various plant products as ingredients in fish feed industry.
First report on Basidiomycota fungi in sorghum and millet from Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Olopade B.K. , Oranusi S.U. , Nwinyi O.C. , Taiwo O.S. , Fru F.F. , Njobeh P.B.
Published: February 2021

Trametes species are mushroom fungi with several biotechnological applications. This includes decolourisation of wastewater from olive mill and elimination of endocrine-disrupting hormones. This study reports the presence of two Trametesspecies, namely Trametespolyzona and Trametesvillosa from the phylumBasidiomycota in sorghum and milletvended inSouthwest Nigeria. These fungal isolates were identified culturally and further identified through phylogenetic characterisation. Trametessp occurred in 10% of sorghum samples and 20% of millet samples. The two species were morphologically similar but distantly related phylogenetically. Most fungal species present in cereal crops belong to the division Ascomycota. However, two Trametesspecies belonging to division Basidiomycota are being reported for the first time in cereal crops. Trametessp can be harnessed for their health benefits such as the treatment of cancer and the reduction of viral activity in humans.
Fermentation rate monitoring in the production of African protein based condiments
Authors: Ojewumi M. E. , Omoleye J.A. , Ajayi A.A. , Ekanem G.P.
Published: February 2021

Fermented African locust bean seeds can be used as substitute to chemically based food spices. It improves sensory properties of foods which includes the organoleptic characteristics. P. biglobosa (African locust bean) seeds were processed and fermented to a vegetable protein based African condiment known as ‘Iru’. Fermentation process was carried out at four different temperatures which are 40, 50, 60 and 70°C. The monitoring of the fermentation rate was based on three parameters namely: Carbon dioxide production, pH and reduction in substrate weight. Substrates were inoculated with Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as starter culture while fermentation process took place for the duration of five days under anaerobic condition. The result obtained from the pH of fermented seeds confirmed the fermentation process to be alkaline in nature.
Pectinase Production by Aspergillus niger using Pineapple Peel Pectin and Its Application in Coconut Oil Extraction
Authors: Ajayi A. A. , Lawal B. , Salubi A. E. , Onibokun A. E. , Oniha M. I. , Ajayi O. M.
Published: February 2021

Pectinases, like other industrial enzymes are usually expensive. The use of pineapple peel pectin as substrate is triggered by the large tones of pineapple waste generated in Nigeria. Oil extraction by mechanical/chemical means have associated disadvantages. This research aimed at employing locally produced pectinase for coconut-oil extraction and to compare the yield with commercial pectinase. Fifty grammes of dried pineapple peel powder were employed for pectin production. Aspergillus niger isolated from cassava meal was employed to produce pectinase using submerged fermentation for seven days. The activity of pectinase was determined at 24 h interval. The pectinase was partially purified using 3% activated carbon, characterized and employed to extract oil from coconut. The yield of pectin from the pineapple peels was 24.8% after 1 h of extraction time. Highest pectinase activity was observed on day five. Optimum conditions were 40°C, 5.0 and 1% respectively for temperature, pH and substrate concentration. The enzyme was completely inactive after 5 min of heating at 90°C and metal ion (Mg2+) stimulated its activity. The mean oil yield from the locally produced pectinase was greater than the commercial pectinase. The pectinase produced from this study enhanced coconut-oil extraction when compared with the mechanical method.
Performance of Clarias gariepinus fed plantain peel meal as replacement for maize
Authors: Olasunkanmi J.B. , Babalola T.O. , Jimoh J.O. , Omisanmi O.V.
Published: February 2021

High cost of feeds is a major problem to fish farming in Nigeria. In this study, the growth performance of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed graded levels of plantain peels (PPM) as a replacement for maize was investigated. Five diets were formulated and maize meal replaced at 0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 % in PPMD1, PPMD2, PPMD3, PPMD4 and PPMD5 respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 56 days. Data collected were subjected to one-way ANOVA test. Results showed that fish on control diet (PPMD1) were significantly (p > 0.05) highest in weight gain(7.34 ± 0.09g)while the least weight gain was recorded among PPMD5 fish. Similar trend was observed in specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER). Packed cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (HB), Red blood cell (RBC), Mean corpuscular haemoglobin cell (MCHC), and Lymphocytes (20.67 ± 0.33, 7.77 ± 0.03, 1.80 ± 0.06, 35.57 ± 0.47, and 84.00 ± 0.58 respectively) were significantly highest (p<0.05) in PPMD4. MCV was highest in PPMD1 and lowest in PPMD4. MCH was significantly higher (p<0.05) in PPMD1 and lowest in PPMD3. White blood cells (WBC) was significantly highest (p<0.05) in PPMD3 and Neutrophils was significantly highest (p<0.05) in PPMD5. It was concluded that PPM compares favorably with maize and an optimum inclusion level 25% (PPMD2).
Evaluation of proximate and anti-nutritional composition of six different accessions of vigna subterranea (l.) verdc.
Authors: Yekeen M. O. , Shaib-Rahim H. O. , Omogbehin S. A.
Published: February 2021

Vigna subterranea L. Verdcis an annual seed crop widely favoured by resource-limited rural farmersin sub-Saharan Africa. The fresh seeds can be consumed raw or cooked or utilized to make different delicacies. The study evaluatedthenutritional and anti-nutritional content of seeds of sixdifferent accessions of V. subterraneato obtain information on their potential suitability as an alternative source of protein for humans and livestock. Seeds of each accession were ground to fine powder, sieved and labelled separately. Three replicates of each were then analysed for both proximate and anti-nutritional factors using standard methods. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The result showed that the sixaccessions are rich in protein (19.43±0.07%), crude fibre(4.38±0.23 %) and carbohydrate (55.59±2.52%) but also contained asubstantial amount of anti-nutritional factors such as oxalate (4.63±0.14 mg/g) and phytic acid (4.51±0.03 mg/g). TVSu 352, an accession originating from theUSA, had the highest protein (20.11%), high nitrogen-free extract (53.24%) and lowest fat (4.60%) content making it the most nutritious among the accessions studied, though it also contained the highest tannin (4.60 mg/g) level. TVSu 277 exhibited thelowest crude protein (18.91 %), lowest crude fibre (3.28 %), highest carbohydrate (57.43 %) and highest nitrogen-free extract (54.15 %). These showed that the accessions are quite rich, and exhibited diversity, in both proximate and anti-nutritional characteristics. It can be concluded that TVSu 352 is the most-nutritious among the accessions studied and can, therefore, be recommended for consumption or industrial utilization and widespread cultivation but further study is required to unravel its yield stability and resistance status. It can also be inferred that with adequate processing, the seeds of V. subterranea will be a good substitute for cowpea as an alternative source of protein in both humans and livestock because they are very rich in nutritional compounds.
Bioremediation of heavy metals from pharmaceutical industry sewages using bimetallic nanoparticles of Eichorniacrassipes
Authors: Adewoye S.O. , Adenigba V.O. , Adewoye A.O. , Adagunodo T.A.
Published: February 2021

Biosorption remains one of the most productive and safe technologies that could be received particularly with green algae as biosorbent in the ejection of heavy metals from the effluent. Bimetallic nanoparticles were synthesized from Eichorniacrassipies utilizing the mix of both gold chloride and silver nitrate (3:1). Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used in the evaluation of the Nanoparticles. The bimetallic nanoparticles wereutilized as a biosorbent for particular heavy metals (lead, zinc, copper and manganese) present in a pharmaceutical effluent. The nanoparticles were brought into the effluent at various concentrations (1mg, 5mg and 10mg) and time intervals of 24h, 48h and 72h. The decrease in concentration of each metal was determined utilizing Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The synthesis of NPs was affirmed by colour change in the blend from light green to lilac after 5min of incubation. The UV-visible spectroscopy adsorption spectrum for bimetallic nanoparticles of E.crassipes (EC-AuAgNPs) was at 398nm while SEM micrograph shown spherical and cube shaped particles with size ranging from 0.31nm- 1.077nm. The FTIR absorbance peaks were available at 3263.93 (O-H), 2107.11 (-C≡C-), 1631.16 (C═C), 1338 (C-N), and 1034.96 cm−1 (C-O). The most extreme rate decrease acquired for each metal was; Copper (67.25%, 10 mg at 72 h); Zinc (61.13%, 1mg at 72 h); Lead (93.37%, 1 mg at 72 h) and Manganese (69.26, 10 mg at 72 h).The biosorption of heavy metals by EC-AuAgNPs was contact time dependent for all the metals and biosorbent concentration dependent for only copper and manganese.
Adolescent Development in Learning and Secondary Education in Nigeria: New Trends and Expectations
Authors: Owoseni Abraham , Ibem Eziyi , Opoko Akuunaya
Published: February 2021

Adolescents are young people aged between 10 and 19. Their growth and development is a crucial element as they transition to adulthood. Benchmarking on the structure of education in Nigeria, most adolescents fall within the secondary education cadre where they are exposed to learn and acquire affective, behavioural and cognitive skills, commonly referred to as the ABC of learning. However, the extent of what adolescents learn and how they learn has become undefined in a way that can influence practice and teaching. This study presents the results of research done to investigate the new trends and expectations in adolescent development in learning and secondary education. Data were collected from late adolescents across the study area in Lagos State who, were enrolled in approved senior secondary schools within the study area. The multi-stage sampling technique was adopted using a hybrid of three techniques: purposive sampling, quota, and random sampling to select the final sampled schools. A total of 674 copies of the questionnaire were administered by hand during the first term of the 2018/2019 academic session. A total of 488 were analysed using descriptive statistics. The result showed that adolescents in the study area were predominantly auditory learners; they learn through lesson discussion and prefer to listen in class. This study has reiterated that adolescents love learning and are not lay back. They can be well cultured and groomed when learning is best suited and presented to align with their learning styles as against a one-fit-all approach to teaching instruction in the classroom.
An Organisational Diagnostic model for a Sustainable Organizational Performance
Authors: Adebayo Olufunke Patricia , Worlu Rowland E. , Moses Chinonye Love , Ogunnaike Olaleke Oluseye , Salau Odunayo P.
Published: February 2021

The study examines a comprehensive organisational diagnostic model, which can be used to diagnose for the root cause of failure within the processes, also to check for the state of health of an organisation. The Weisbord six-box organisational diagnostic model is consist of; purpose, structure, leadership, relationships, rewards, helpful mechanisms, attitude toward change. The model is applied by checking these key areas of operating within the organisation for problem-solving, towards a sustainable organisational performance. This paper provides a framework that managers can incorporate when performing a routine check, also a comprehensive model that can integrated for a sustainable performance.
A Simplified Approach for Optimal Location of distributed Generators within Distribution Network
Authors: Somefun T.E. , Abdulkareem A. , Awosope C.O.A. , Alayande A.S.
Published: February 2021

Distribution network is the closest to the consumer of electricity in the whole of the electric power system (EPS) network. It is as important as other parts of the entire system. Lack of sufficient power to meet the required load demand has aided the popularity of distributed generators within the distribution network in order to argument the available power. However, the point of installation of a distributed generator (DG) is essential, considering the entire EPS security. In this work, inherent power system network (IPSN) is proposed to determine the best position for distributed generator within distribution networks, which results in a minimal loss. Matlab R2018a is deployed as a simulation tool. Six bus IEEE network and radial 12-bus network are used to ascertain the feasibility of the proposed method. Results obtained for both test network are validated through the results from the forward-backward sweep method for distribution load flow study.
Characterization of Penetration Strength of GSM Signals (900 MHz) and their attenuation within some selected Buildings at the University of Ibadan
Authors: Ogunsola O.E. , Adeleke O. , Gbadamosi I.A.
Published: February 2021

The diverse challenges been encountered by GSM subscribers within some locations at the University of Ibadan through their usual transits within and outside of buildings, before been able to receive uninterrupted flow of GSM communication due to signal fade and call drop, motivated the need to attempt to characterize signal strength penetration in buildings. This characterization would assist in determining the link budget required for a better Quality of Service (QoS) in this community. However, signal strength path measurement from GSM transmitter (i.e. base station) to the receiver is amongst the parameters required in estimating signal attenuation. Thus, in order to be able to estimate the magnitude of signal penetrations into buildings at the University of Ibadan, the factory fitted signal strength software installed on an android phone was utilized in obtaining the signal strengths of the four major GSM service providers (940MHz, 950MHz, 955MHz and 960MHz) operating in this vicinity. These measurements were taken for three weeks during the daily peak hours of communication (09Hr, 12Hr, 15Hr, and 18Hr) within every three minutes interval, at eight selected buildings (isolated and non-isolated) due to their closeness to GSM base stations. Analysis of data showed that the signal strengths at corridors of both isolated and non-isolated buildings are stronger than those indoors. Moreover, the signal attenuation used in depicting signal fade further showed that the attenuation increased at indoors more than corridors. This increment in indoor attenuations could be due to resistance against signals by the materials utilized in the construction of these buildings. In essence, the base station’s transmission power for this community should be increased by the various GSM network service providers in order to overcome attenuation problem. Likewise, the determined penetration attenuation allowance value of 15dB could be utilized in designing their link budget for a better QoS.
Smart waste bin system: a review
Authors: Noiki Ayodeji , Afolalu Sunday A. , Abioye Abiodun A. , Bolu Christian A. , Emetere Moses E.
Published: February 2021

The recent urbanisation in the developing nations of the world, rise in population, increase in human activities. Pattern of production and consumption has resulted to generation of huge amount of waste that must be properly disposed, treated and managed to ensure sustainable environment and a decent living for the increased population. The current waste management practices are not effective and efficient enough to handle the rise in waste level. The traditional approachhas led to this challenge. This paper deals with a systematic review of existing literatures, identifying and characterizing active research activities on smart waste bin that will allow effective waste management. There is a great need for deployment of this Smart technology on a large scale in the developing nations of the world for a sustainable healthy and clean environment. However, the cost of applying such solutions is still relatively high.
Liquid Holdup Measurement in Crude Oil Transportation Using Capacitance Sensors and Electrical Capacitance Tomography: Concept Review
Authors: Okoro Emmanuel E. , Rachael Josephs E. , Sanni Samuel E. , Emetere Moses E.
Published: February 2021

Liquid holdup is one of the most significant parameters in multiphase flow. Accurate measurement of liquid holdup is required to calculate pressure drops in oil and gas wells which is essential in analyzing the well production, performance, well designing and optimization. This study reviewed different methods used in measuring liquid holdup and highlighted the most effective methods currently used in multiphase combinations. More importantly, liquid holdup measurements using capacitance sensors in slug flow, bubble flow, churn flow, annular flow and coaxial flow are discussed. The features considered during the review include, electrode material, angle of rotation, curvature and guard electrodes. The operational issues observed when using capacitance based sensors were highlighted. In single capacitance sensors like the helical arrangement which has high sensitivity, error in symmetry and inability to measure fluids with lower dielectric constants were however observed. Concave sensors are more accurate for phase shift detection but lower sensitivity compared to the helical type. From the knowledge and technical gaps identified from literature, this study proposed Electrical Capacitance Tomography tool with dual capacitance sensor for effective liquid holdup measurement in oil and gas transportation pipelines because of its ability to determine the dielectric permittivity distribution inside the pipeline from external capacitance measurements with real-time imaging of the multiphase flow.
Rain Height Statistics from GPM Data for Satellite Communication Systems in Nigeria
Authors: Lawal Yusuf Babatunde , Ojo Joseph Sunday , Falodun Sunday Emmanuel
Published: February 2021

In this present era, the rising demandfor seamless wide band internetwork services such as 5G network requires the propagation of radio waves at high frequency. Rain-induced attenuation poses a lot of dangers on Earth-Space satellite links operating at frequencies above 10 GHz. Although the magnitude of overall attenuation on any radio link is determined by various natural phenomena such as atmospheric gases, fog, mist, aerosol, ice, contribution by rain remains the most significant. This paper provides extensive study on the rain heights variability in Nigeria using data obtained from the Global Precipitation Mission (GPM). The result depicts an increasing trend of rain height from 4.92 km in the southern part of the country to about 5.23 km in the north. The results show that ITU-R recommended value underestimate rain height. The results also show seasonal dependence of rain height throughout the years of study. Analysis of the GPM data shows thatfreezing heightsacross all stations were underestimated byabout 9 % when compared with previous TRMM-based research. The present study has revealed the preference of GPM data over TRMM data for the estimation of rain height and rain-induced attenuation.
Smart Waste Management for Smart City: Impact on Industrialization
Authors: Fayomi G U , Mini S E , Chisom C M , Fayomi O S I , Udoye N E , Agboola O , Oomole D
Published: February 2021

Waste in different forms such as solid waste, gaseous waste and liquid waste increases due to population increase, urbanization, and industrialization and affect the globe. Waste management involves activities such as reuse, recycling and reduces waste generation and other strategies to combat the effect of waste generation due to increasing population and industrialization. Monitoring is one of the key functions of waste management, as it is needed to address the issues faced by waste management, which includes waste generation, waste collection, transportation of waste, waste treatment and waste disposal processes. This paper reviewed the technology involved in achieving a smart management and suggests the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to solve waste management such as convolutional neural network for efficient classification and waste identification and other AI technology.
Influence of Organic Composite Material for Coating Application: A Review
Authors: Adejumo O A , Fayomi O S I , Udoye N E , Agboola O
Published: February 2021

Composite materials have been used to coat products and substrates in different industries like Aerospace industry, Automobile industry;welding industry etc. The aim of this review is to describe the impacts and the effects of composite materials on coating applications in different industries. The first application mentioned was in the Aeronautic Industry, where powder (a composite material) is used to coat substrates. It has been studied and widely accepted as one of the most environmental friendly, economically beneficial and functional coating material. New types of powder coating are being developed to improve the aesthetic designs of Aeronautic and Automotive industries products. The second application was in the welding industry and its impacts on the electrode tool life was studied. The tool life is improved by 71% when TiC composite is used to coat the electrode.