bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Competences of production managers in the biomaterial sector: study in a high medical technology multinational company
Authors: Salomão Camila Valadares , Lima Reginaldo De Jesus Carvalho , Giroletti Domingos Antônio , Baêta Adelaide Maria Coelho
Published: August 2021

Objective: This article aims to discuss the configuration of the competence approach in a multinational company that manufactures high-tech medical devices. It analyzes the managerial competences related to the production managers.Method: A descriptive Case Study of the company was carried out. As for data collection, it involved a semi-structured interview and document analysis. The data obtained were submitted to Content Analysis with determination of thematic categories.Originality/Relevance: The study carried out is justified by the possibility of contributing to the debate, illuminating aspects inherent to the Production area, in an innovative sector.Results: The research revealed an oxymoron. Although Valvmed is a multinational company that manufactures high-tech medical devices and operates in a dynamic sector, the competence approach is still configured in a traditional way. Although the area is characterized by its mechanistic and technical nature, it was possible to identify the demand for relational and behavioral competences that point out the relevance of the social content of the work.Social / management contributions: The research contributes to the managers who work in this field, insofar as it stimulates reflections about the complexity inherent to production management and the need for the company to make efforts to improve management competences that enhance human interaction.Theoretical/methodological contributions: Regarding the competence approach, the need to deepen the understanding of the dynamics adopted in the Production area in a high-tech medical company should be considered.
Data Intensive Scalable Computing (DISC)
Authors: Dantas Mario A. R.
Published: August 2021

This work presents an introduction to the Data Intensive Scalable Computing (DISC) approach. This paradigm represents a valuable effort to tackle the large amount of data produced by several ordinary applications. Therefore, subjects such as characterization of big data and storage approaches, in addition to brief comparison between HPC and DISC are differentiated highlight.
Comparação do Custo Computacional entre Diferentes Tamanhos de Camadas de Absorção
Authors: Teixeira Bruno M. O. , Senger Hermes , Targino Jonas M. , de Souza Jaime F. , Roberts Keith J. , Gomi Edson S.
Published: August 2021

Uma das etapas fundamentais na busca de reservatórios de petróleo é a identificação da geologia presente na subsuperfície, de modo a tentar localizar possíveis acumulações de petróleo e gás. Uma parte importante no processo de mapeamento das estruturas no subsolo consiste em simular a propagação de ondas acústicas. Porém, ao simular propagações de onda, são produzidas reflexões indesejadas nas bordas dos domínios. Para reduzir esse efeito, podem ser adicionadas camadas de absorção aos domínios. Neste trabalho apresentamos uma análise do custo computacional do aumento do tamanho da camada de absorção.
Aplicação da FPGA na programação paralela
Authors: de Almeida Felipe V. , Sato Liria M. , Midorikawa Edson T.
Published: August 2021

A programação paralela tem como propósito melhorar o desempenho de algoritmos com a utilização de múltiplos núcleos disponíveis em um ambiente computacional. Visando melhorar ainda mais o desempenho dos algoritmos, a utilização de aceleradores implementados em hardware surge no contexto da programação paralela para este propósito. Este artigo apresenta uma análise da aplicação de FPGAs para a melhoria do desempenho de projetos. São apresentados os desafios de sua utilização em um projeto juntamente com as possibilidades de ganho de desempenho, através de um estudo de caso.
Befristung und partnerschaftliche Zukunftsplanungen junger deutscher Erwachsener in Partnerschaften
Authors: Baron Daniel
Published: August 2021

Eine Vielzahl an Studien untersucht die Auswirkungen befristeter Beschäftigungsverhältnisse auf subjektive Unsicherheiten und Entscheidungen zur Verfestigung von Partnerschaften unter jungen Erwachsenen. Hingegen gibt es für die Bundesrepublik kaum umfassende Befunde zu möglichen Zusammenhängen zwischen der Einbindung in befristete Beschäftigung und Einschätzungen junger erwerbstätiger Erwachsener mit Blick auf die Planbarkeit ihrer partnerschaftlichen Zukunft. Die vorliegende Studie widmet sich dieser Frage auf Basis einer 897 Personen umfassenden Stichprobe bestehend aus jungen abhängig beschäftigten und in Partnerschaft befindlichen Erwachsenen. Die Befunde weisen auf umso pessimistischere Einschätzungen der partnerschaftlichen Zukunftsplanung hin, je geringer die subjektive Erwerbs- und die subjektive Einkommenssicherheit junger verpartnerter Erwachsener ausfallen. Außerdem zeigen sich signifikant pessimistischere Einschätzungen bei jungen einkommensschwachen Männern als bei jungen einkommensschwachen Frauen. Diese Befunde weisen auf die analytische Relevanz sozialpsychologischer und geschlechtersoziologischer Erklärungsansätze hin, die über familienökonomisch argumentierte Perspektive hinausgehen. Ausgehend von diesen Befunden dürften Ergänzungen arbeitspolitischer Maßnahmen um Strategien zur Befähigung junger Erwachsener im Umgang mit den Konsequenzen befristeter Beschäftigungsverhältnisse aussichtsreicher sein mit Blick auf die Unterstützung ihrer partnerschaftlichen Zukunftsplanungen als vorwiegend auf Re-Regulierung abzielende Strategien.
Forschungsdaten der Rentenversicherung zur Rehabilitation. Ein Scientific Use File im Längsschnittformat des Forschungsdatenzentrums der Ren- tenversicherung (FDZ-RV
Authors: Bestmann Anja , Grell Renate , Kirst-Budžak Ute
Published: August 2021

Das Forschungsdatenzentrum der Rentenversicherung gibt seit 2012 Scientific Use Files (SUF) zu abgeschlossenen Rehabilitationen und bewilligten Rentenleistungen im Längsschnittdatenformat an wissenschaftliche Einrichtungen heraus. Der Reha-Längsschnitt-Scientific Use File umfasst eine Stichprobe von über drei Millionen Personen, die auf einer Vollerhebung beruht. Thematisch deckt der Datenkörper neben soziodemographischen Angaben und Informationen zum beruflichen Hintergrund der Versicherten auch Merkmale zum Rentenversicherungsverhältnis ab. Das Hauptaugenmerk liegt aber auf der medizinischen Rehabilitation, den Leistungen zur Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben und den bewilligten Rentenanträgen. Ein fixes 11-Jahresbeobachtungsfenster des Beitragsverlaufes mit Angaben zum Erwerbsstatus und monatsgenauem Beitragsverlauf ermöglicht detaillierte Längsschnittanalysen. Der Reha-Längsschnitt-Scientific Use File verfügt über ein breitgefächertes Analysepotenzial: Er bietet beispielsweise die Möglichkeit, Reha- und Erwerbsverläufe im Zeitverlauf nachzuzeichnen. Typologisierende Fragestellungen mit krankheits- oder Reha-spezifischem Fokus profitieren von der genauen Abbildung der Rehabilitationsart und den ICD-kodierten Diagnosen. Die Stichprobe des Scientific Use File ist für die aktiv Versicherten der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung repräsentativ. Rückschlüsse auf die soziodemographische und beitragsbezogene Zusammensetzung der Grundgesamtheit können überdies mithilfe der im Datensatz befindlichen Demographiekohorten gewonnen werden.
Das Recht der Untersuchungshaft in Deutschland und Taiwan
Authors: Liu Ching-Feng
Published: August 2021

Die Untersuchungshaft gilt seit jeher und bis heute als der massivste Eingriff in die Rechtsstellung eines Beschuldigten vor der Verurteilung, muss er doch aufgrund eines Haftbefehls und trotz (noch) geltender Unschuldsvermutung einen möglicherweise längerfristigen vollständigen Entzug seiner persönlichen Freiheit dulden. Deshalb muss genau geprüft werden, unter welchen Umständen ein so folgenreicher Eingriff verhängt werden darf bzw. ab wann die Grundrechte des Beschuldigten ein Ende der Freiheitsentziehung erfordern. Die umfangreiche Rezeption deutschen Strafrechts im taiwanesischen Recht bietet dem Autor den Rahmen für einen Rechtsvergleich der U-Haft-Regelungen beider Länder. Abschließend zieht er daraus Konsequenzen für weitere Umgestaltungsvorschläge für Prozessrecht und Strafjustiz.
(Un-)Bestimmte Zeichen
Authors: Kummer Ursula
Published: August 2021

Clear conceptual sharpness—distinctness: that is the strength of language. Where the clearly defining mind reaches its limits, conceptual confusion and poetic potential arise. To make such ideas nevertheless semiotically graspable and aesthetically usable, an indistinct medium is needed. Music seems particularly suitable for this. This is especially of interest in relation to the 18th century, the age of aesthetics and sentimentalism. Gerstenberg's examination of overlapping literary and musical media concepts and genres is an attempt to make the impossible poetically possible: To combine the distinctness of language with the indistinctness of music and thus to make the aporia of ‘certain sentiments’ tangible.
Incremental Linear Switched Reluctance Actuator
Authors: Lachheb Aymen , El Amraoui Lilia
Published: August 2021

Linear switched reluctance actuators are a focus of study for many applications because of their simple and robust electromagnetic structure, despite their lower thrust force density when compared with linear permanent magnet synchronous motors. This chapter deals with incremental linear actuator have switched reluctance structure. First, the different topologies of linear incremental actuators are mentioned. Furthermore, a special interest is focused on the switched reluctance linear actuator then the operating principal is explained. In addition, an analytical model of the proposed actuator is developed without taking account of the saturation in magnetic circuit. Finally, the control techniques that can be applied to the studied actuator are presented.
Critical Dimensions of EQ among Malay Women Entrepreneur in Malaysia
Authors: Shima Abdul Rani Nazatul , Sarojani Devi Krishnan K. , Suradi Zurinah , Juhdi Nurita
Published: August 2021

This paper highlights the dimensions of emotional quotients (EQ) of Malay women entrepreneurs who own either micro enterprises or small and medium size enterprises in Klang Valley, Malaysia. EQ comprise of five dimensions which are social skills, self-awareness, self-regulation, self-motivation, and empathy. About 1000 questionnaires were distributed around Klang Valley, Malaysia, with a 20% response rate. Out of 200, only 169 questionnaires were able to be used for the analysis of this study. The findings show that the most important dimension of EQ during economic crisis was self-regulation followed by self-motivation, empathy, social skills, and self-awareness. After the economic crisis, the most important dimension was self-awareness followed by social skills, self-motivation, self-regulation, and empathy. Hence, emotional quotients are important for Malay women entrepreneurs during the economic crisis to remain positive and endure business challenges in managing their business operations for business sustainability. The findings also highlighted that after the economic crisis, the focus was more towards facing business challenges from employees, customers, and other stakeholders due to increasing demand in products/services and business activities. To conclude, all the elements of each dimension were considered important for Malay women entrepreneurs during and after the economic crisis.
Supercapacitor Supported by Nickel, Cobalt and Conducting Polymer Based Materials: Design Techniques and Current Advancement
Authors: P. Mardikar Satish , D. Balgude Sagar , J. Uke Santosh
Published: August 2021

The recent advanced electronic appliances demand special high power devices with lightweight, flexible, inexpensive, and environment friendly in nature. In addition, for many industrial and automotive applications, we need energy storage systems that can store energy in a short time and deliver an intense pulse of energy for long duration. Till date the Li-ion battery is the only choice for fulfilling all our energy storage demands. However, the high cost, limited availability and non-environmental nature of electrodes and electrolyte material of Li-ion battery limits its applicability. Hence, the world demands an alternative replacement for the Li-ion battery. In this regard, the supercapacitor is one of the most emerging and potential energy storage devices. The electrode plays an important role in supercapacitors. The nickel and cobalt based oxide, hydroxides, and their composites with conducting polymer are promising and highly appreciated electrode materials for supercapacitors. This chapter covers the recent advances in supercapacitors supported by nickel, cobalt and conducting polymer based materials and their applications predominantly described in the recent literature. Recent advances are reviewed including new methods of synthesis, nanostructuring, and self-assembly using surfactant and modifiers. This chapter also covered the applications of supercapacitors in powering the light weight, flexible and wearable electronics.
Pseudocapacitors
Authors: Prasankumar Thibeorchews , Jose Jemini , Jose Sujin , P. Balakrishnan Sreeja
Published: August 2021

World energy consumption has grown at a rate of knots. Economic growth, increasing prosperity and urbanization, the rise in per capita consumption, and the spread of energy access are the factors likely to considerably increase the total energy demand. In order to meet both the environmental and economic challenges, society realizes the necessity for harvesting the renewable resources, their storage, and recovery. To achieve accelerating clean energy innovation, cost reduction, and deployment of many clean energy technologies, it is important to formulating policies and their implementation, programmes for the development of new and renewable energy apart from coordinating and intensifying R&D in the sector. At present, aggravating energy and environmental issues, such as fossil fuel depletion, pollution problems, and global warming are ringing alarm bells to humans. Thus, there is an urgent need for enhanced energy security along with reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In this direction, renewable energy is one of the environmentally friendly sources of energy and effectiveness of growing economy of the whole world in general. The development of environmentally friendly materials is one of the key issues today.
Titanium Dioxide and Its Applications in Mechanical, Electrical, Optical, and Biomedical Fields
Authors: Das Rajib , Ambardekar Vibhav , Pratim Bandyopadhyay Partha
Published: August 2021

Titanium dioxide (TiO2), owing to its non-toxicity, chemical stability, and low cost, is one of the most valuable ceramic materials. TiO2 derived coatings not only act like a ceramic protective shield for the metallic substrate but also provide cathodic protection to the metals against the corrosive solution under Ultraviolet (UV) illumination. Being biocompatible, TiO2 coatings are widely used as an implant material. The acid treatment of TiO2 promotes the attachment of cells and bone tissue integration with the implant. In this chapter, the applications of TiO2 as a corrosion inhibitor and bioactive material are briefly discussed. The semiconducting nature and high refractive index of TiO2 conferred UV shielding properties, allowing it to absorb or reflect UV rays. Several studies showed that a high ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) was achieved by incorporating TiO2 in the sunscreens (to protect the human skin) and textile fibers (to minimize its photochemical degradation). The rutile phase of TiO2 offers high whiteness, and opacity owing to its tendency to scatter light. These properties enable TiO2 to be used as a pigment a brief review of which is also addressed in this chapter. Since TiO2 exhibits high hardness and fracture toughness, the wear rate of composite is considerably reduced by adding TiO2. On interacting with gases like hydrogen at elevated temperatures, the electrical resistance of TiO2 changes to some different value. The change in resistance can be utilized in detecting various gases that enables TiO2 to be used as a gas sensor for monitoring different gases. This chapter attempts to provide a comprehensive review of applications of TiO2 as an anti-corrosion, wear-resistant material in the mechanical field, a UV absorber, pigment in the optical sector, a bioactive material in the biomedical field, and a gas sensor in the electrical domain.
Bio-Molecular Characteristics of Whey Proteins with Relation to Inflammation
Authors: Ali Anwar , Ain Quratul , Saeed Ayesha , Khalid Waseem , Ahmed Munir , Bostani Ahmed
Published: August 2021

Whey proteins in bovine milk are a mixture of globular proteins manufactured from whey which is a byproduct of cheese industry. Whey protein is categorized to contain plethora of healthy components due to wide range of pH, promising nutritional profile with cost effective and diverse functionality. Reportedly there are three categories of whey protein, whey protein concentrate (WPC) (29–89%); whey protein isolate (WPI) 90% and whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) on the basis of proteins present in them. Whey proteins is composed of β-lactoglobulin (45–57%), immunoglobulins (10–15%) α-lactalbumin (15–25%), glicomacropeptide (10–15%), lactoperoxidase (<1%) and lactoferrin nearly (1%). Whey protein plays an important role and is validated to confer anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory roles related to all metabolic syndromes. According to molecular point of view whey proteins decrease inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-10 and TNF- α); inhibits ACE and NF-κB expression; promotes Fas signaling and caspase-3 expression; elevates GLP-1, PYY, CCK, G1P and leptin; chelate and binds Fe+3, Mn+3 and Zn+2. In this chapter we will discuss significant biological role of whey proteins related to inflammatory health issues.
The Impact of Contemporary Housing Functions on Its Social Sustainability
Authors: Koch Andreas
Published: August 2021

Social housing functions are interrelated in manifold ways, expressing different needs and preferences of heterogeneous and socially unequal modern societies. The home as a place of individual shelter and privacy and as a node of interaction in social networks interferes with activities that had been spatially outsourced in the past and reintegrated again in recent times, such as productive labor, care or supply. In addition, social housing functions compete with economic functions of capital accumulation and profitmaking, transforming the dwelling into a tradeable commodity. Likewise, ecological functions of saving land and resources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions have to be satisfied. These interdependencies challenge sustainable housing politics, most prominently signified in the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals 1, 10, and 11. The contribution captures this network of housing functions by advocating to strengthen social housing functions against economic functions. Political and philosophical justification of this position refers to theories of social capital and relational justice. Political measures feasible of being applied within the neoliberal system will be delineated, aiming to sustain social housing functions.
Impact of Beef and Milk Sourced from Cattle Production on Global Food Security
Authors: Opadoyin Tona Grace
Published: August 2021

Bovine meat and milk play a major role in the diet of humans and they have positive impact on global food security. The aim of this review work was to investigate the impact of bovine sources of meat and milk on food security in the low, medium and high income countries. Bovine source meat and milk could have impact on the nutritional, health, work, income, educational and recreational needs of humans. However, the feeding needs of bovine are mainly met with forage materials which do not compete with human foods. The beef and dairy cattle are raised mainly under the extensive system of production in the low and medium income countries, while the intensive system of production is that which is adopted majorly in the high income developed nations. The production of healthy beef and milk products may be observed to go a long way in preventing disease occurrence in both the cattle and the human consumers. The raising of fewer numbers of more genetically productive breeds of cattle under the intensive, semi-intensive and extensive systems of production could also have positive impact on global food security, sustainability and the mitigation of green house gas (GHG) emissions.
Green Polymers and Their Uses in Petroleum Industry, Current State and Future Perspectives
Authors: Elsayed Abdel-Raouf Manar , Hasan El-Keshawy Mohamed , M.A. Hasan Abdulraheim
Published: August 2021

The concept of green chemistry has been established to find safe methodologies and environmentally benign solutions for the present and the onset problems. In this regard, extensive work has been carried out worldwide to replace the currently used materials with green ones. The terminology green relies on all the non-pollutive or the degradable materials regardless of their source. Therefore, there are biobased green materials and non-biobased green materials. This review sheds light on several green polymers used in different petroleum industries. The polymers are reviewed according to the stage of oil processing in which they are applied. Furthermore, different modification methodologies of natural polymers are revised. Also, the role of green non-biopolymers in different petroleum industries is investigated. It is worth mentioning that we concentrate our efforts on the utilization of different natural polymers in petroleum applications. Thereafter, some natural polymers such as chitosan and cellulose and their derivatives were specifically reviewed.
From Schrödinger Equation to Quantum Conspiracy
Authors: T.S. Yu Francis
Published: August 2021

Schrödinger’s quantum mechanics is a legacy of Hamiltonian’s classical mechanics. But Hamiltonian mechanics was developed from an empty space paradigm, for which Schrödinger’s equation is a timeless (t = 0) or time-independent deterministic equation, which includes his fundamental principle of superposition. When one is dealing Schrödinger equation, it is unavoidable not to mention about Schrödinger ‘s cat. Which is one of the most elusive cats in modern science since disclosed the half-life cat hypothesis in 1935. The cat is alive or not had been debated by score of world renounced scientists it is still debating. Yet I will show Schrödinger ‘s hypothesis is not a physically realizable hypothesis, for which it has nothing for us to debate about. But quantum communication and computing rely on qubit information algorithm, I will show that qubit information logic is as elusive as Schrödinger’s cat. It exists only within an empty space, but not exists within our temporal (t > 0) universe. Since there is always a price to pay within our universe, I will show that every physical subspace needs a section of time ∆t and an amount of energy ∆E to create and it is not free. Although, double slit hypothesis had been fictitiously confirmed that superposition principle exists, but I will show that double-slit postulation is another non-physically realizable hypothesis that had let us to believing superposition principle is actually existed within our time–space. Yet one of the worst coverup must be particles behaved differently within a micro space to justify the spooky superposition principle, which is one of greatest quantum conspiracy in modern science. Nevertheless, the art of quantum mechanics is all about a physically realizable equation, we see that everything existed within our universe, no matter how small it is, it has to be temporal (t > 0) which includes all the laws, principles, and equations. Otherwise, it is virtual as mathematics is since Schrodinger equation is mathematics, but mathematics is not equaled to science. Finally, when science turns to virtual reality for solution it is not a reliable answer. But when science turns to physical reality for an answer it is a reliable solution.
Alginate-Based Composite and Its Biomedical Applications
Authors: Deng Yaling , Yang Ningning , Valentine Okoro Oseweuba , Shavandi Amin , Nie Lei
Published: August 2021

Alginate has received much attention due to its biocompatibility. However, the properties of pure alginate are limited, such as weak mechanical strength, which limits its application. Alginate-based composite effectively overcomes the defect of pure alginate. The molecular weight and microstructure can be designed. More importantly, the essential properties for clinical application are improved, including mechanical properties, biocompatibility, gelation ability, chondrogenic differentiation and cell proliferation. This chapter will describe development of alginate-based composite in biomedical application. In the fields of wound dressing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering, the impact of structural changes on performance has been stated. To provide readers with understanding of this chapter, the structure and characterization of alginate will be included.
Near-Infrared Schottky Silicon Photodetectors Based on Two Dimensional Materials
Authors: Crisci Teresa , Moretti Luigi , Gioffrè Mariano , Casalino Maurizio
Published: August 2021

Since its discovery in 2004, graphene has attracted the interest of the scientific community due to its excellent properties of high carrier mobility, flexibility, strong light-matter interaction and broadband absorption. Despite of its weak light optical absorption and zero band gap, graphene has demonstrated impressive results as active material for optoelectronic devices. This success pushed towards the investigation of new two-dimensional (2D) materials to be employed in a next generation of optoelectronic devices with particular reference to the photodetectors. Indeed, most of 2D materials can be transferred on many substrates, including silicon, opening the path to the development of Schottky junctions to be used for the infrared detection. Although Schottky near-infrared silicon photodetectors based on metals are not a new concept in literature the employment of two-dimensional materials instead of metals is relatively new and it is leading to silicon-based photodetectors with unprecedented performance in the infrared regime. This chapter aims, first to elucidate the physical effect and the working principles of these devices, then to describe the main structures reported in literature, finally to discuss the most significant results obtained in recent years.
Applications of Statistical Tools for Optimization and Development of Smart Drug Delivery System
Authors: Sharma Pankaj
Published: August 2021

In the novel dosage form development, quality is the key criterion in pharmaceutical industry. The quality by design tools used for development of the quality products with tight specification and rigid process. The specifications of statistical tools are essentially based upon critical process parameters (CPPs), critical material attributes (CMAs), and critical quality attributes (CQAs) for the development of quality products. The application of quality by design in pharmaceutical dosage form development is systematic, requiring multivariate experiments employing process analytical technology (PAT) and other experiments to recognize critical quality attributes depend upon risk assessments (RAs). The quality by design is a modern technique to stabilize the quality of pharmaceutical dosage form. The elements of quality by design such as process analytical techniques, risk assessment, and design of experiment support for assurance of the strategy control for every dosage form with a choice of regular monitoring and enhancement for a quality dosage form. This chapter represents the concepts and applications of the most common screening of designs/experiments, comparative experiments, response surface methodology, and regression analysis. The data collected from the dosage form designing during laboratory experiments, provide the substructure for pivotal or pilot scale development. Statistical tools help not only in understanding and identifying CMAs and CPPs in product designing, but also in comprehension of the role and relationship between these in attaining a target quality. Although, the implementation of statistical approaches in the development of dosage form is strongly recommended.
Water Source of Six Woody Plants in Different Habitats on Desertified Land of Ordos Plateau, Semi-Arid China
Authors: Zhu Yajuan
Published: August 2021

Water and soil erosion and sandy desertification are two mainly land desertification types on eastern and southern Ordos Plateau, north China. Hippophae rhamnoides, Armeniaca sibirica and Pinus tabuliformis are three woody plants for soil and water conservation on loess slope. Sabina vulgaris, Artemisia ordosica and Salix psammophila are three shrubs for sand control on sand dune. Water source of six woody plants were investigated by stable isotope technology. The results showed that the δ18O of shallow soil water was similar to that of rainwater in July and September in two habitats. Both of six woody plants in two habitats mainly used shallow soil water in May. However, three shrubs on sand dune mainly used both of shallow and deep soil water in July and September. Three woody plants on loess slope mainly used rainwater or deep soil water in July and September. Therefore, six woody plants utilized different depths of soil water or rain water based on their availability in different seasons, which is an adaptive strategy to the semiarid climate on Ordos Plateau.
Polinizadores visitam o girassol durante todo florescimento, aumentando a produtividade e uniformizando as sementes
Authors: Kill-Silveira Rafael , Rodriguês Cordeiro Luiz Fernando , Da Silva Dionei José
Published: August 2021

Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa verificar o efeito da polinização biótica na cultura do girassol, associada ou não à adubação orgânica, e ainda determinar em qual período de florescimento e qual horário do dia há maior abundância de visitantes florais, na tentativa de informar em qual momento é seguro o uso de substâncias nocivas aos polinizadores. Foram utilizadas 52 plantas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com arranjo fatorial 2x2 (adubação x polinização biótica). Os visitantes florais foram observados das 07:00 às 18:00 horas durante 1 minuto a cada hora. Houve incremento produtivo de até 25% com a polinização biótica no girassol, mas este efeito é dependente do conteúdo de nutrientes disponíveis às plantas. Houve presença de polinizadores durante todo o período de florescimento e em qualquer horário do dia, desta maneira, só é viável economicamente o uso de agrotóxicos se as perdas de produção ocasionada pelas pragas forem superiores a 25%.
Phylogenetic relationships based on morphological data and taxonomy of the genus Salvadora Baird & Girard, 1853 (Reptilia, Colubridae)
Authors: Hernández-Jiménez Carlos A. , Flores-Villela Oscar , Aguilar-Bremauntz Aranzazú , Campbell Jonathan A.
Published: August 2021

The genus Salvadora has not been subjected to a modern phylogenetic analysis. Described in 1853, its taxonomic history is complex and confusing. In this study, we evaluate the monophyly of the genus and present the first phylogenetic hypothesis based on an analysis of 66 qualitative and quantitative morphological characters of over 1000 specimens representing all described taxa across their entire distribution. Morphological characters were processed in Fast Morphology for subsequent phylogenetic analysis in PAUP under the maximum parsimony criterion. We obtained a single tree in which Salvadora appears as a monophyletic group with two clearly defined geographic species groups: a southern mexicana group and a northern grahamiae group. Based on our phylogenetic hypothesis, we evaluate the taxonomic status of all described taxa. Additionally, we include a diagnosis for all species, distribution maps, and an illustrated dichotomous taxonomic key of the genus.
Service-learning: experience of teacher-tutors in the nursing career
Authors: Godoy-Pozo Jessica , Bustamante Daniela , Valenzuela Tania , Sánchez Güenul Jesús , Illesca-Pretty Mónica , Flores González Elizabeth , Hernández Díaz Alejandro , Victoriano Rivera Tatiana
Published: August 2021

Introduction The learning process demands appropriate and effective strategies. Furthermore, the service-learning methodology implies significant challenges for both the student and the teacher-tutor. Objective To reveal the experience of community-based teacher-tutors work with nursing students from the Austral University of Chile, using the service-learning methodology. Method Descriptive and exploratory qualitative research through an intrinsic case study. Non-probabilistic and intentional sample of cases by criteria and convenience. Five teachers from the Austral University of Chile Nursing Institute hired by the university were interviewed. They fulfilled the role of teacher-tutor after signing the informed consent. The information was obtained through semi-structured interviews, and the analysis was carried out through the data reduction methodology, which considers the analysis of results at three levels. The Scientific Ethics Committee of the Austral University of Chile School of Medicine approved the study. Results At level 1: One hundred and seven (107) units of meaning were identified, grouped into five descriptive categories. At level 2, three meta-categories were formed: "opinion of the tutor-teachers on working with the service-learning methodology", "factors that influence working with the service-learning methodology" and "generic competencies developed with the service-learning methodology. Finally, at level 3, two qualitative domains were identified: "Teacher-tutors appreciation for the development of the service-learning methodology" and "Contributions of the service-learning methodology for developing generic competencies". Conclusions The efficient implementation of the methodology requires training and motivation of tutors, teachers, students and community partners.
Factors associated with mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: A prospective cohort in a Peruvian national referral hospital
Authors: Vences Miguel A. , Pareja-Ramos Juan J , Otero Paula , Veramendi-Espinoza Liz E , Vega-Villafana Melissa , Mogollón-Lavi Julissa , Morales-Romero Eduardo , Olivera-Vera Josseline , Meza Carol , Salas-Lazo Lucía J , Triveño Andy , Marín-Dávalos Renzo , Carpio Rodriguez Ricardo , Zafra-Tanaka Jessica H
Published: August 2021

Objectives To describe and assess clinical characteristics and factors associated with mortality in adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to a national referral hospital in Peru. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study that included hospitalized patients older than 18 years with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection diagnosis. Patients with a positive rapid serological test on admission but no respiratory symptoms nor compatible images were excluded. We collected the data from clinical records. Results A total of 813 adults were included, 544 (66.9%) with confirmed COVID-19. The mean age was 61.2 years (standard deviation: 15.0), and 575 (70.5%) were male. The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension (34.1%) and obesity (25.9%). On admission, the most frequent symptoms were dyspnea (82.2%) and cough (53.9%). A total of 114 (14.0%) patients received mechanical ventilation, 38 (4.7%) were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 377 (46.4%) died. The requirement for ventilatory support, greater lung involvement, and inflammatory markers were associated with higher mortality. It was found that for every 10-year age increase, the risk of dying increased 32% (relative risk: 1.32; 95% confidence interval: 1.25 to 1.38). Those who were admitted to the intensive care unit and and were placed on mechanical ventilation had 1.39 (95% confidence interval: 1.13 to 1.69) and 1.97 (95% confidence interval: 1.69 to 2.29) times the risk of dying compared to those who did not, respectively. Conclusion We found a high mortality rate among hospitalized patients associated with older age, higher inflammatory markers, and greater lung involvement.
Introduction to network meta-analysis for evidence synthesis
Authors: González-Xuriguera Catalina Gracia , Vergara-Merino Laura , Garegnani Luis , Ortiz-Muñoz Luis , Meza Nicolás
Published: August 2021

This article belongs to a collaborative methodological series of narrative reviews about biostatistics and clinical epidemiology. The goal is to present basics concepts concerning the systematics reviews of multiple treatments comparisons with network meta-analysis. For clinical ques-tions with several therapeutic alternatives to be compared, the central question is how to classify or rank their effectiveness (benefit and harm) to choose the best option. The network meta-analysis aims to answer questions related to the effectiveness and safety of comparing multiple treatments by the simultaneous analysis of results raised from direct and indirect comparisons. The network geometry is the general graphical representation of the network meta-analysis and allows to understand and assess the strength of comparisons. The network meta-analysis should check several assumptions to be valid, especially the transitivity assumption, which allows assuming that there are no systematic differences among the included comparisons, except their compared interventions. Thus, it is possible to know the relative therapeutic effectiveness of each pair of interventions included in the network meta-analysis and their ranking in terms of categorization. It has been proposed to use a modified Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach considering the distinctive features of network meta-analysis to assess the certainty of the evidence for each comparison and the ranking of interventions.
In search of the text generating structure: Jakobson’s theory of the poetic function of language
Authors: Govorukhina Yulia A.
Published: August 2021

The classic work of Roman Jakobson,“The Newest Russian Poetry. Sketch One. Ap­proaches to Khlebnikov”, is invariably referred to in the works on the history of structuralism, formalism and the history of the methodology of humanities. This article aims to address sev­eral questions: what are the epistemological attitudes of Jakobson and how are they imple­mented in his work? Can this 'disorganised' and 'sketchy' text be interpreted in context of the future attitudes of the scholar? The avant-garde literature of the early twentieth century not only created new methods of text generation but also required a new epistemological approach and a change in the recep­tive perspective. Jakobson's work is one of the first experiments in describing a new aesthetic phenomenon. Analysing language through shifts, Jakobson explores it in a structuralist way. In “The Newest Russian Poetry” the scholar summarises the ideas that became fundamental for him in the 1960s-1970s: the ideas of the teleological nature of poetry, a close connection between mental and language structures, and the relevance of the identification of text struc­ture as a relatively stable set of relations for the analysis of sense-making and text generation. Exploring the concept of literariness, Jakobson reveals a system of universal and interlevel methods of generating poetic speech. These observations have not lost their relevance and can be applied to the analysis of both avant-garde and classical texts.
A poetic function in an expanding context: title — monoverse — polytext (on the example of Ivan Zhdanov's poetry)
Authors: Severskaya Olga I.
Published: August 2021

The article analyses the poetic function as a mechanism for the semantic and composi­tional structuring of the text. The research aims to study repetition and parallelism, expand­ing the context from the heading to the minimal text and the textual unity within a poetic book and forming micro- and metacycles with movable boundaries. The material of the re­search is Ivan Zhdanov's monoverses, which were considered both immanently and as part of the book. The main methods of research are semantic, contextual and distributive analysis. The author concludes that the heading, interpreting the text, sets its reference, and the mono­verse is both a self-sufficient text and an aphoristic expression of many other texts in which the keywords forming it are found. They represent a synthetic proposition corresponding to the set of all poetic statements ‘about the same’. The article also examines referential, semantic and compositional metatropes that combine texts into micro- and metacycles.
“Čut’ živye, v noč’ osennjuju / My s ochoty vozv­ra­ščaemsja…” Secondary predicate in Nekrasov’s poetic texts
Authors: Naiditch Larissa È. , Pavlova Anna V.
Published: August 2021

The main aim of the article is to examine the grammatical and stylistic functions of the predicative attribute in the poetic work of Nekrasov. The study contributes to the general ‘grammar of poetry’, which has been proposed and developed by Roman Jakobson. The study shows that Nekrasov often used the predicative attribute and it constitutes one of the specific features of his style. Grammatically extended adjectival, participial and adverbial phrases, frequent in Nekrasov’s poetry, cause additional predication, which makes it possible to expand the narrative. The predicative attribute often combines the functions of an attribute with those of the adverbial modifiers of cause and consequence, which gives additional impetus to the narrative plot development. The analysis shows that Nekrasov’s style is characterized by nu­merous long repetitions of functionally similar grammatical elements, taking several lines. These repetitions often set the rhythm and determine the folklore character of his poems. Аttributive chains, paired formulas, synonymization of lexemes in chains, repetitions, in­strumental case in the meaning of comparison and metamorphosis can be found in classical pre-Nakrasov poetry as well. In Nekrasov’s poems these features appear in a concentrated, condensed form; they can be considered only against the background of his work as a whole.
IoT non-technical supporting capability core baseline
Authors: Fagan Michael , Marron Jeffrey , Brady Jr, Kevin G , Cuthill Barbara B , Megas Katerina N , Herold Rebecca
Published: August 2021

Non-technical supporting capabilities are actions a manufacturer or third-party organization performs in support of the cybersecurity of an IoT device. This publication defines an Internet of Things (IoT) device manufacturers non-technical supporting capability core baseline, which is a set of non-technical supporting capabilities generally needed from manufacturers or other third parties to support common cybersecurity controls that protect an organization s devices as well as device data, systems, and ecosystems. The purpose of this publication is to provide organizations a starting point to use in identifying the non-technical supporting capabilities needed in relation to IoT devices they will manufacture, integrate, or acquire. This publication is intended to be used in conjunction with NISTIR 8259, Foundational Cybersecurity Activities for IoT Device Manufacturers and NISTIR 8259A, IoT Device Cybersecurity Capability Core Baseline.
Geological sketches – out of time and fashion, but obsolete? An Essay
Authors:   Curtin University, Sarawak, Malaysia, Kessler F.L.H.
Published: August 2021

The sketching of geological features and objects played an important role in the development of the geosciences. Geological sketches may not be as commonly used for documentation purposes any longer, but may facilitate learning and understanding. By sketching geological features, the eye is trained to observe; this furthers understanding, and so improves study results.
DZIAŁALNOŚĆ GÓRNICZA JAKO JEDEN Z CZYNNIKÓW WPŁYWAJĄCYCH NA ROZWÓJ OSUWISK
Authors:   Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Centrum Geozagrożeń, ul. Skrzatów 1, 31-560 Kraków, Wódka Marcin
Published: August 2021

W artykule przedstawiono wpływ działalności górniczej na rozwój ruchów masowych na przykładzie czterech osuwisk. Pierwsze z nich znajduje się w Rydułtowach, na obszarze niecki osiadań spowodowanej podziemną eksploatacją węgla kamiennego. Osuwisko to zagraża najstarszemu tunelowi kolejowemu w Polsce, a jego uaktywnienie było prawdopodobną przyczyną zniszczenia tunelu w 1857 r. Kolejne dwa osuwiska pośrednio są związane z podziemnym ługowaniem soli w krakowskich Swoszowicach. Ostatni z przykładów to osuwisko rozwinięte w nieczynnej kopalni iłów Zesławice, będące świadectwem wpływu powierzchniowej eksploatacji i skarpowania zboczy na rozwój osuwisk.
Lyapunov exponent algorithm based on perturbation theory for discontinuous systems
Authors: Ma Zhao-Zhao , Yang Qing-Chao , Zhou Rui-Ping ,   School of Energy and Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China,   College of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China
Published: August 2021

Lyapunov exponent is a significant symbol to identify the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the system. However, most of algorithms are not universal enough and complex. According to the classic Lyapunov exponent algorithm and perturbation theory, in this paper we propose a new algorithm which can be used to compute Lyapunov exponents for discontinuous systems. Firstly, the initial value of the system state parameter and the disturbance of each basic vector along the phase space are taken as initial conditions to determine the phase trajectory. Secondly, the method of difference quotient approximate derivative is adopted to obtain the Jacobi matrix. Thirdly, the eigenvalues of the Jacobi matrix are calculated to obtain the Lyapunov exponent spectrum of the system. Finally, the algorithm in a two-degree-of-freedom system with impacts and friction is used, showing its effectiveness and correctness by comparing its results with the counterparts from the synchronization method. The algorithm can not only be used for discrete systems and continuous-time dynamic systems, but also quickly calculate the Lyapunov exponent of complex discontinuous systems, which provides a new idea for determining the dynamic behavior of complex discontinuous systems.
Radiation characteristics of terahertz GaAs photoconductive antenna arrays
Authors: Yan Zhi-Jin , Shi Wei ,   Department of Applied Physics, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
Published: August 2021

A GaAs photoconductive antenna is one of the important radiation sources of terahertz electromagnetic waves. Antenna arrays can increase the radiation intensity of terahertz waves. Therefore, photoconductive antennas and arrays have attracted much attention for a long time. In this study, CST Microwave Studio is used to conduct a simulation calculation of the characteristics of a photoconductive antenna array radiating terahertz electromagnetic waves. Using the current transient model, the pulsed photocurrents generated when the laser is incident on the GaAs photoconductive antenna are calculated. With the pulsed photocurrents serving as an excitation source, a simulation calculation of the radiation performance of photoconductive antenna is conducted, and the effects of antenna structure and substrate material on the radiation of terahertz waves are analyzed. Based on this, the far-field radiation of terahertz wave radiated by the GaAs photoconductive antenna array is calculated. The simulation results show that the photoconductive antenna array radiates terahertz waves with stronger directivity. The width of main lobe is reduced, and its far-field radiation conforms to the multiple relationships of electric field superposition. A 1 × 2 GaAs photoconductive antenna array is developed, and the experimental results are consistent with the simulation conclusions, thereby laying a theoretical and experimental basis for fabricating the multielement terahertz photoconductive antenna arrays.