bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Psychosocial Factors on Incidence of Suicide among Adolescent Students: A Review Analysis
Authors: - Deepa P , - Vidhya , - Ramaa Raju
Published: January 2024

This study is a of review of research studies related to the effects of psychosocial factors on incidence of suicide among adolescent students. The researcher has extensively reviewed research conducted in different countries with an aim to find whether there are similar or different psychosocial factors which affects suicidal behaviour. It was observed that economic factors, unemployment,poverty, lack of family support, family dynamics dysfunctional relationship, parental neglect, abuse were some of the common psychosocial factors which influence adolescents to attempt suicide. The researcher found that the psychosocial factors that determine suicidal behaviour is similar across the world and could not identify any unique factor related to a specific culture.It was noted that there were gender differences among adolescents who experience suicidal ideation. A holistic management approach can act as an effective intervention in suicide prevention. The suggestions given by the researcher involves addressing societal expectations, family dynamics and economic disparities and that societies can work towards creating a nurturing environment that safeguards the mental well-being of the youth.
Performance of Motor Spirit (Petrol) Exports from India
Authors: - P. SATHEESH KUMAR , - P. JAYA PRAPAKARAN
Published: January 2024

This study paper focuses mostly on performance of India's motor spirit export. India's exports of motor spirits experienced a positive growth rate. The motor spirit export has demonstrated a high level of instability. After imposing restrictions a year ago, the government has extended restrictions on the export of motor spirits to ensure that refined fuel is available in the domestic market. Oil refiners are mandated by the government to sell at least 50 per cent of their annual volume of motor spirit to the domestic market. Private oil companies discouraged from importing Russian oil for export to other countries, including many EU countries, by the move. The curbs were first put in place after the Russia-Ukraine war that started on February 24, 2023, as the non-state refiners started taking advantage of cheap oil coming from Russia to garner maximum profit. The government earlier said that the prices of motor spirit have not been increased by public sector Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) since April 6, 2022, despite record-high international prices. If the governments take steps to reduce the restriction on motor spirit exports, the motor spirit exports could be increased to a desired level. Moreover, by the result of increased motor spirit exports the more foreign exchange reserve could be accumulated.
रसरत्नसमुच्चय का समेकित अवलोकन: एक समीक्षा अध्ययन
Authors: - Vijay Kumar Jatoliya , - Rachana Sharma
Published: January 2024

आयुर्वेद के क्षेत्र में रस शास्त्रीय ग्रंथो की महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका है। इन ग्रंथो में ररसरत्नसमुच्चय का महत्वपूर्ण योगदान है। रसरत्नसमुच्चय 13वीं शताब्दी का एक ग्रंथ है जो आचार्य वाग्भट्ट द्वारा लिखा गया था, जो खनिज और धातु मूल की दवाओं की तैयारी और गुणों से संबंधित एक उपयोगी संकलन है। यह पाठ कीमिया के क्षेत्र में भारतीय विशेषज्ञता की स्थिति पर प्रकाश डालता है, जिसमें धातुओं/खनिजों के निष्कर्षण, शुद्धिकरण, चिकित्सीय रूप से उपयुक्त रूपों में रूपांतरण, कीमिया प्रयोजनों के लिए विकसित किए गए विभिन्न उपकरण और जड़ी-बूटियों-खनिज तैयारियों का उपयोग करके कई बीमारियों के उपचार शामिल हैं। वर्तमान कार्य भारतीय कीमिया के विकास में इसकी उपयोगिता और योगदान को उजागर करने के लिए रसरत्नसमुच्चय की प्रमुख विशेषताओं को संक्षेप में प्रस्तुत करने का एक प्रयास है। अंबिकादत्त शास्त्री द्वारा लिखित सुरतनोज्वला हिंदी टिप्पणी से रसरत्नसमुच्चय की आलोचनात्मक समीक्षा की गई और एकत्रित जानकारी की तुलना रसशास्त्र के अन्य उपलब्ध साहित्य से की गई। वाग्भट्ट द्वारा उल्लिखित कुछ तथ्यों का पता लगाने के लिए आधुनिक विज्ञान के अनुसंधान का भी उपयोग किया गया। रसरत्नसमुच्चय उपलब्ध प्राचीन साहित्य में एक सटीक ग्रंथ है। इसमें आयुर्वेद की सभी आठ शाखाएं शामिल हैं, हालांकि यह मुख्य रूप से रसशास्त्र के चिकित्सीय पहलुओं से संबंधित है और बीमारियों के इलाज में धातुओं और खनिजों के उपयोग पर जोर देती है। इसमें 30 अध्याय का विस्तृत विवरण है। धातुओं और खनिजों का वर्गीकरणय कुछ नए उपकरणों, फॉर्मूलेशन का वर्णन और गर्भावस्था में धातुओं और खनिजों के उपयोग को रोकना रसरत्नसमुच्चय की प्रमुख विशेषताएं हैं।
Assessing the Accessibility of Digital Libraries for Individuals with Digital Libraries
Authors: - Anita Kumari Meena
Published: January 2024

The advancement of science and technology, digital libraries have evolved, to give access to up-to-date information for the readers. The digital libraries allow the users to access educational resources at any time and from any location. The flexibility of digital libraries allows the user to gather knowledge and conduct research in their own place. The easy accessibility of the digital libraries enhances the interaction among the users, by facilitating participation and conversation with the help of various interactive tools leading to effective discussion and exchange of thoughts.
Grid-Connected Solar-Biogas Power System for Cost Mitigation and Sustainability in a Bangladeshi University: A HOMER Pro Approach
Authors: - Md. Feroz Ali , - Md. Abdul Halim
Published: January 2024

This study examines the feasibility and impact of a solar-biogas power system integration at Pabna University of Science and Technology (PUST) in Bangladesh, optimized using HOMER Pro software. The main goal is to reduce energy costs and carbon emissions within the university. The proposed system combines solar and biogas with the existing grid, using net metering for enhanced efficiency and sustainability. The financial analysis shows a Total Net Present Cost (NPC) of BDT 231,587,200.00 with a competitive Levelized Cost of Energy (COE) at BDT 1.49 per kWh. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is 18.4%, with a payback period of 4.89 years, emphasizing the system's economic viability. Environmentally, it significantly reduces CO2 emissions from 1,960,780 kg to 840,268 kg annually, aligning with the university's sustainability goals. This study highlights the potential of renewable energy integration in Bangladeshi academic institutions, offering valuable insights for similar initiatives.
A View on Surplus Food Donation App
Authors: - Rupali Maske , - Basant Bhagat , - Akash Verma , - Omkar Thopate , - Rohit Wagh
Published: January 2024

Abstract: The enormous development in the amount of food waste has prompted a need for charity donations. Food is significantly wasted every day at numerous institutions, including restaurants, parties, social gatherings, university canteens, and many of the other social events in the existing circumstances. Currently, individuals contribute food manually by visiting each agency numerous times to alleviate the concerns with food waste. Although some mechanisms currently in place have made an attempt to aid with food donations, the new web application that is part of the proposed framework offers a platform for recycling extra food to help people who are in need on an individual and group level. This technique has shown to be an effective manner of giving things online to charities, solving the significant problem of food waste. The article includes insights into the aim behind such an application, highlighting the existing process of contributions and how the product operates to serve the community. Under this framework, hotels, restaurants, charities, and individuals would all have access to a single platform for communication. Charities and individuals could then connect with restaurants that have excess food available for immediate donation, and the framework would track the quantity of food donated by each restaurant, awarding food donors with points. The fundamental modules in this design are "Food Donor," which may be any company, organization, or institution eager to provide food and submit new food donation requests, and "Food Receiver," representing meal-seeking charity groups. A new food donation request may be produced on the website, and a message will be issued to the third-party agency responsible for conveying food from the donor to the receiver once the request is allowed.
Pengaruh Pelatihan Kader terhadap Pengetahuan dan Sikap tentang Pemberian MP-ASI
Authors: Khair Anwar Khalidatul , Nurmiaty Nurmiaty , Arum Dyah Noviawati Setya
Published: January 2024

Prevalensi stunting cukup tinggi di Indonesia sehingga membutuhkan peran seluruh lintas sektor. Salah satu penyebab terjadinya stunting adalah pemberian MP-ASI yang kurang optimal dan tidak benar akibat kurangnya informasi dan pengetahuan terkait hal tersebut. Kader posyandu yang merupakan ujung tombak keesehatan di masyarakat memiliki peran yang sangat strategis sebagai educator bagi ibu. Para kader perlu diberdayakan untuk menyampaikan informasi kepada masyarakat tentang pemberian MP-ASI sebagai langkah mencegah dan mendeteksi stunting. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan kader tentang pemberian MP-ASI terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap dalam pemberian MP-ASI. Desain penelitian adalah quasi eksperimen dengan populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh kader Posyandu di Kota Kendari. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 92 orang terdiri atas kelompok intervensi 46 orang dan Kontrol 46 orang. Penelitian dilaksanakan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Abeli, Puskesmas Mokoau, Puskesmas Nambo dan Puskesmas Poasia. Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon dan uji Mann Whitney dengan menggunakan software STATA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan nilai pengetahuan dan sikap kelompok intervensi sebelum dan setelah diberikan pelatihan (p=0,000), ada perbedaan skor pengetahuan dan sikap antara kedua kelompok (p=0,000). Penelitian memperlihatkan terdapat pengaruh pelatihan kader tentang pemberian MP-ASI terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap kader terhadap pemberian MP-ASI.
Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Berhubungan dengan Pemberian ASI eksklusif Selama 1000 Hari Pertama Kelahiran
Authors: Harismayanti Harismayanti , Mansur Rona Febriyona
Published: January 2024

Fenomena cakupan ASI eksklusif yang masih rendah secara jangka panjang akan berimplikasi terhadap tumbuh dan kembang anak. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi hubungan antara pemberian ASI eksklusif dan kejadian stunting pada balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Limboto, Kabupaten Gorontalo. Dengan melibatkan 93 responden ibu Balita berusia 7–24 bulan, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional, kuantitatif untuk variabel riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif dan kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam faktor pemberian ASI eksklusif, analisis data menggunakan metode uji Chi-square. Sebagian besar balita pada kategori sangat pendek (16,1%), dan pendek (14,0%), kemudian  yang tidak menerima ASI eksklusif cenderung mengalami stunting (p=0,001). Faktor pemberian ASI eksklusif antara lain fasilitas kesehatan yang jaraknya cukup jauh sehingga pelayanan kesehatan dan penyuluhan yang didapatkan tidak maksimal, kurangnya pemahaman ibu akan pentingnya status gizi selama 1000 hari pertama kehidupan atau selama masa kehamilan hingga anak berusia 2 tahun, ibu dengan riwayat kondisi KEK, riwayat anemia dan tidak teratur mengkonsumsi tablet Fe saat hamil kebanyakan melahirkan anak dengan stunting. Upaya untuk mengatasi masalah stunting diperlukan kerjasama lintas sektoral yang baik. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan dengan memperhatikan kepada faktor budaya dan kontekstual.
Pediatric Ewing Sarcoma of Kidney: A Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Salim Areej , Ali Sajid , Latif Tariq
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Renal Ewing sarcoma is an aggressive and rare malignancy affecting children and adolescents. Limited data on its management contributes to uncertainties in treatment Case description: We present two pediatric cases of Renal Ewing Sarcoma. Both cases emphasize the significance of accurate diagnosis, multimodal treatment, and long-term follow-up in achieving favourable outcomes. Accurate diagnosis of renal Ewing sarcoma is crucial for effective management. Multimodal treatment involving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical resection and staging with lymph node sampling, and chemotherapy continuation has shown promising results in our cases. Long-term follow-up is essential for monitoring disease progression and ensuring optimal outcomes. Practical Implications: There is limited data published about these renal tumors, especially in the pediatric population, and most studies lack long-term follow-up (6,7,20), with uncertain management due to limited data. This data will add to the newer and multimodal approach and form the basis for future meta-analysis to help formulate guidelines in upcoming international meetings. Continued research efforts are necessary to optimize strategies and improve the prognosis for pediatric patients with renal Ewing sarcoma.
Mutation Analysis of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer for Selection of Patients Eligible for Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Ansar Zeeshan , Nasir Asghar , Moatter Tariq
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy is effective as a first-line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This research study investigated the distribution of EGFR mutations in patients diagnosed with NSCLC to assist in selecting patients who could benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2017 and November 2022. A real-time multiplex ​Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay supplied by Roche Diagnostics was used to examine DNA obtained from 682 tumor biopsies collected from NSCLC patients. DNA amplification was performed in a Cobas z 480 instrument for mutation analysis. The PCR assay was designed using specific primers and probes to detect 43 different mutations targeting exons 18-21. Results: Among the 682 samples, 466 (68.3%) were males, and 216 were females. The male-to-female ratio was 2.1. Twenty per cent of the male and 37% of the female samples were positive for EGFR mutations. The most common mutations were the in-frame deletion of exon 19, followed by L858R in exon 21, exon 20 insertion and S769I, exon 18 G719X. In addition, three mutations, namely del exon 19, T790M and exon 20 insertions were also detected in a patient, suggesting an actively progressive disease. Conclusions: This study showed that EGFR mutations are more common in Pakistani female patients than males. Secondly, in-frame deletion of exon 19 and exon 21 mutation L858R are prevalent in most of the NSCLC patients. The prevalence of common and rare EGFR mutations in Pakistani patients provides an opportunity for a subset of patients' chance of therapy.
Croatia
Authors: Motik Darko , Posavec Stjepan , Vuletić Dijana
Published: January 2024

The main characteristics of the wood assortments sale are: a tendency of growth of quantity and a stagnation of value in the last three years, a growth of the share of sales on the basis of annual contracts and contracts lasting several years with domestic buyers, a growth of stacked wood export and problems with the collection of payments from domestic buyers. Industrial wood processing is the significant segment of Croatian economics. The basis of its development is the exploitation of domestic natural resources and traditionally it is export-oriented. To confirm the strategy and revitalisation of industrial wood processing, its characteristics are very important. The values of Croatian forests have been calculated on the basis of annual production of all forest goods and services. In the case of non-market values, the sheer existence of the forests has been taken into account and the flow of various services have been estimated based upon the actual state of forests, separated between its continental and Mediterranean part. It should be emphasised that there is the case of annual opportunity costs. Regarding the market values, the GDP for each group of goods and services has been monetarily estimated by means of the actual market prices which sometimes vary within the country.
Hungary
Authors: Mészáros Károly , Jáger László , Hegedűs Attila
Published: January 2024

Hungary is located halfway between Nordic Countries where forests have a dominant wood production function, and Southern European countries with an emphasised protective function of forests. When role of forests in economic development is considered, Hungary is also halfway between developing countries which rely on natural resources to a large extent, and developed countries which mostly focus on the protection and conservation of their forests. As a result of this midway position, Hungarian forest policy focuses on finding a balance between economic and protective functions of forest utilisation. However, economic role of forest is often underestimated: ordinary people or even experts emphasise the importance of environmental factors against economic issues. This general opinion indicates that direction of forest policy will turn toward a more natural management in the long run, but economic factors of forestry cannot be neglected in the forthcoming years. In private forests, conflicts between personal and public interest also have to be taken into consideration.
Italy
Authors: Pettenella Davide , Klöhn Susanne , Brun Filippo , Carbone Francesco , Venzi Lorenzo , Cesaro Luca , Ciccarese Lorenzo
Published: January 2024

In Italy all wood related economic sectors operate in a highly disconnected forestrywood system with a fragmented and limited internal supply. Characteristic for Italian forests is a large amount of coppice and natural or semi-natural forests with a low utilisation rate. 60 % of the forests are privately owned, usually scattered without management plans. Only 1/3 of the annual increment is harvested. Lack of infrastructure makes access to forests difficult. In addition a strong regime of regulations and protected areas as well as a low mechanisation level make it difficult to harvest a sufficient volume of timber per surface unit. Work in forest enterprises is irregular, workers are often relatives and without professional education. Strict forest policy and low technological level lead to high harvesting costs and make domestic timber not competitive. Domestic production of wood is insufficient for industrial demand. Thus Italian forest industry is strongly dependent on the import of wood. Relevant volumes of timber come from high productive poplar plantations. Italy is a strong net-exporter of finished products (furniture). Italian market of forest industry is “mature”. Wood working industry consists mainly of small and medium size companies with high specialisation.
MILITARIZATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL UNITS IN LIGHT OF THE CHANGES ARISING FROM THE ENTRY INTO FORCE OF THE POLISH HOMELAND DEFENCE ACT - AN OUTLINE OF THE PROBLEM
Authors: SMOLEŃSKI Sylwester , KRUGŁY Michał
Published: January 2024

Wejście w życie ustawy z 11 marca 2022 r. o obronie Ojczyzny było powodem znaczących zmian w systemie obronnym Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Zgodnie z założeniami ta nowa ustawa miała wychodzić naprzeciw wyzwaniom współczesnego świata, zastąpić regulacje archaiczne, skonsolidować, uprościć oraz zwiększyć czytelności i użyteczności przepisów obowiązujących w tym obszarze. Jak w przypadku każdych zmian należało się spodziewać pewnych komplikacji na przejściu ze starego systemu do nowego. W dniu dzisiejszym, po ponad roku obowiązywania ustawy można stwierdzić, że wejście w życie ustawy z dnia 11 marca 2022 r. o obronie Ojczyzny znacząco zmieniło sytuację jednostek przewidzianych do militaryzacji, przy czym niestety spowodowało również powstanie pewnych wad systemowych. Biorąc powyższe pod uwagę należało rozwiązać problem badawczy sformułowany w postaci pytania: Jakie problemy i wady systemowe w zakresie militaryzacji jednostek powstały w wyniku wejścia w życie ustawy o obronie Ojczyzny. Jednocześnie doświadczenie zawodowe autorów oraz badania wstępne pozwalają postawić hipotezę, że po wejściu w życie ustawy o obronie Ojczyzny istnieją obszary zawierające błędy lub braki systemowe, bądź powodujące ich powstawanie. Celem artykuły jest prezentacja zidentyfikowanych wad systemowych powstałych w obszarze militaryzacji oraz uzasadnienie podjęcia szerszych badań, które w dalszej perspektywie dzięki analizie i konstruktywnej krytyce ewoluującego systemu, pozwolą na identyfikację pozostałych (innych) problemów, a w efekcie końcowym na opracowanie propozycji usprawnień systemowych. Zrealizowane badania oparto przede wszystkim na teoretycznych metodach badawczych, wykorzystując między innymi metody analizy i konstrukcji logicznej oraz syntezy i abstrahowania. Przeprowadzone badania potwierdziły, że wejście w życie nowych regulacji prawnych, poza swoimi efektami pozytywnymi, spowodowało również powstanie pewnych wad, niespójności i awykonalności w systemie bezpieczeństwa, np. w obszarze militaryzacji jednostek przewidzianych do niej. Należy jednocześnie podkreślić, że zrealizowane dotychczas prace badawcze oraz opisane w niniejszym artykule spostrzeżenia i wyniki stanowią dopiero początek planowanych prac.
NATURAL FORAGE LANDS OF EASTERN PODILLYA OF UKRAINE: ORIENTATION OF DYNAMIC PROCESSES AND OPTIMIZATION IN MODERN ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Titarenko Olga
Published: January 2024

The article presents an analysis of the state of natural forage lands of the Eastern Podillya of Ukraine. The analysis of the geobotanical survey of the natural forage lands of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine proved that they are in an unsatisfactory state due to high anthropogenic load and need to be restored. The main sources of stress on natural ecosystems, including forage lands, are highlighted – industry, motor vehicle, sewage and household waste, as well as agricultural production, which are characterized by an excessive influx of toxic elements into the environment. Optimization of natural forage lands is an integral part of the concept of balanced development and national programs on the quality of the environment as a mandatory element of state policy. To optimize the restoration of contaminated natural forage lands, it is quite important to assess the risks from the adverse effects of heavy metals, to carry out an ecological assessment of this process, which can be the basis for large-scale measures to restore contaminated lands. Among a large number of toxic elements, heavy metals occupy a prominent place. In particular, there is an increased intake of lead, cadmium, zinc, and copper. It was found that in the conditions of dry land lowland meadows, normal dry lands are the safest and most suitable for providing herbivores with plant biodiversity. It has been proven that the accumulation of toxic substances in soils leads to their degradation, which is accompanied by a toxic effect on plants, causing a decrease in their reproductive quality. A significant man-made load of motor vehicles on the soils of the roadside space, which is accompanied by their contamination with heavy metals, was revealed. Based on the results of the research, a theoretical generalization was made and a solution to the current scientific and practical task was proposed regarding the assessment of the intensity of pollution of the natural lands of Vinnytsia region by heavy metals in the conditions of various man-made loads Installed it was found that the exceedance of the maximum concentration limit in the soils in the studied territories of local pollution of dry lowland meadows of Vinnytsia region was found only for cadmium by 1,01 times in the territories dry lands of excessive moisture adjacent to the railway connection.
ADAPTIVE VALUE OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES GROWN IN DIFFERENT ECOGRADIENTS
Authors: Mazur Oleksandr , Mazur Olena
Published: January 2024

The further expansion of soybean acreage and increase in productivity will be facilitated by the introduction of new modern varieties, which are determined by higher productivity potential and a higher level of resistance to the main fungal and bacterial diseases. However, soybean plants are affected by more than 50 diseases. It is known that pathogenic organisms lead to significant losses of the soybean crop (by 15-20%, and by epiphytotic development – by 50%).The results of studies on the assessment of soybean varieties for adaptability (ecological plasticity and stability) in different soil and climatic conditions for resistance to diseases (ascochitosis, yellow mosaic) are presented. Soybean varieties were ranked according to ecological plasticity and stability according to their response to environmental conditions. Our studies have shown that the intensity of the development of ascochitosis and yellow mosaic depends not only on the genetic characteristics of the genotypes, but also on factors related to the growing area, especially the hydrothermal and edaphic conditions of the region. The varieties Oriana – 93.4% and Hoverla – 93.2% stood out for their resistance to ascochitosis damage under different hydrothermal and edaphic conditions, which were characterized by a low reaction to a change in the hydrothermal growing regime, the coefficient of ecological plasticity (bi) < 1. That is, these varieties soybeans provided high indicators of resistance to ascochitosis despite a deficit or sufficient moisture supply in different ecogradient studies. The following varieties stood out for resistance to yellow mosaic: Hoverla – 85.0%, Oriana – 84.9%, Amethyst – 83.0. It should be noted that according to the parameters of ecological plasticity and stability (adaptability), the listed varieties belong to genotypes with a conservative reaction to changes in the agro-environment of cultivation, the coefficient of ecological plasticity (bi) < 1.
INTENSITY OF ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN RADISH AND LETTUCE GROWN IN CLOSED SOILS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST STEPPE OF THE RIGHT BANK
Authors: Piddubna Antonina
Published: January 2024

One of the important tasks in vegetable production is the expansion of the range of vegetable crops in open and closed soil, which will ensure a constant supply of fresh vegetable products to consumers throughout the year. Lettuce and radish are among the many green vegetables that play an important role in solving this problem. In this work, the intensity of accumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu) in lettuce of the Record variety and radish of the Saxony variety in closed and open conditions of dark gray podzolized soil was studied. It was established that the concentration of Pb, Cd, and Zn in seeded lettuce grown under closed soil conditions was 1.5 times, 1.8 and 1.12 times lower, respectively, and in seeded radish by 1.5 times, 1.05 and 1, 23 times compared to similar products grown in open ground conditions. When growing lettuce and radish in closed soil conditions, the accumulation coefficient of Pb, Cd, Zn was lower by 2.0 times and 2.0 times, 1.8 times and 1.6 times, and 1.2 times and 1.2 times, respectively compared to similar products grown in open ground conditions. The coefficient of accumulation of Pb, Cd, Zn in lettuce grown in open ground was 2.0, 1.8, 1.12 times higher than that of lettuce grown in closed ground, respectively, and the coefficient of Pb accumulation in radish roots grown in open ground was 2.0 times higher than in the closed one, Cd concentration 1.6 times, Zn 1.2 times, and Cu 1.2 times, respectively. The research results showed that the hazard ratio of Pb in lettuce leaves and radish roots when grown in open ground was 1.5 times higher compared to similar vegetables grown in closed ground, the hazard ratio of Cd and Zn in lettuce leaves and radish roots grown under conditions of open soil was 1.8 and 1.06 times higher, respectively, compared to vegetables grown in closed soil, the hazard ratio of Cu in lettuce that was grown under closed soil conditions was 0.7 times higher compared to that grown in open soil. In radish roots, the risk factor of Cu was 1.5 times higher than in vegetables grown under open soil conditions.
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF MODELS OF SOYBEAN CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY UNDER A BIOLOGIZED FOOD SYSTEM
Authors: Didur Ihor
Published: January 2024

Today, the situation on the global soybean market is quite favorable for increasing its production in our country. The growth of soybean production can be achieved only thanks to the introduction of highly profitable and competitive technologies for their cultivation, including the use of biologization factors. This article presents the economic efficiency and defines the main aspects of the optimization of the soybean fertilization system for the use of Groundfix soil biological fertilizer in combination with mineral fertilizers in the full rate and under the conditions of reducing their rate by 30%. The relevance and production necessity of carrying out such technological solutions and the search for optimal options for the maximum economic efficiency of growing modern soybean varieties have been proven, given the importance of this culture and the conditions that have developed today. A two-factor field experiment was conducted during 2017-2021 on the territory of the Agronomichne scientific research farm of VNAU, the soil of the experimental field is a gray forest medium loam. In the experiment, the maximum yield of 2.97 t/ha was recorded on the option with pre-sowing seed treatment with a mycorrhizal preparation and NPK (100%) + Groundfix 5 l/h fertilizer, while the profitability level was 117.4%. Reducing the rate of mineral fertilizers by 30% and applying Groundfix (3–5 l/ha) provided a level of production profitability that is higher than options with full mineral fertilizer. So, on the options without Micofrend application, from an economic point of view, the NPK option (70%) + Groundfix 5 l/ha was the most productive, while the level of profitability was 98.8%. And on the options with pre-sowing seed treatment with mycorrhizal drug NPK (70%) + Groundfix 3 l/ha and NPK (70%) + Groundfix 5 l/ha, the level of profitability was 119.4 and 125.0%, respectively.
FORMATION OF BUSHINESS OF SPRING TRITICALE VARIETIES DEPENDING ON THE PREDECESSOR AND FERTILIZER
Authors: Pelekh Liudmyla , Zabarnyi Oleksii
Published: January 2024

The article highlights the influence of precursors and levels of mineral fertilization on the formation of productive bushiness of spring triticale of different varieties. Depending on the influence of meteorological factors and weather, the influence of the studied elements of winter triticale cultivation technology, the indicators of the level of bushiness changed. The highest productive bushiness was formed by plants in the variants in which the best conditions were created for this. Triticale is an artificially bred crop that has not been studied enough in the global economy and requires research, but in Ukraine it is a well-known crop that takes its share in the overall crop structure. For example, the use of different norms of nitrogen fertilizers on the background of P60К60 contributed to an increase in the number of productive stems per unit area, and, accordingly, in the productive bushiness in general. When applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (P60К60), the number of productive stems did not exceed 585-591 pcs./m2, and the productive bushiness was 1.58-1.59, respectively. Triticale consumes a lot of nutrients from the soil to form a crop, which requires additional fertilization. It is not customary to apply organic fertilizers to this crop. only under its predecessors. Depending on the soil fertility, 60 to 90 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are applied. Phosphorus and potash fertilizers are scattered under the main cultivation. And nitrogen fertilizers are divided into three fertilizing sessions during the phases of active plant growth. Experts also advise to apply superphosphate 10-15 kilograms per hectare during sowing with seeds. Triticale is very sensitive to sowing dates, which roughly coincide with the middle of the optimal sowing period for winter wheat. For sowing, it is necessary to select seeds with a germination rate of at least 92% and a purity of at least 98%. Treatment with compositions designed for winter wheat has a good effect on the yield. In most farms, the crop is sown using intensive technology in a row with the skipping of technological paths. Some farms use a cross-row or narrow-row sowing method. The seeding rate is usually between 1.5 and 5.5 million germinating grains per hectare. The recommended sowing depth is 4-6 cm, reduced on heavy soils and increased by 1-2 cm on light soils. By selecting the best predecessors, namely soybeans, sunflower and corn, we created optimal conditions for the productivity of this crop. In addition, mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on the formation of bushiness of spring triticale.
ECONOMIC AND BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF SWEET PEPPER VARIETIES IN OPEN GROUND CONDITIONS
Authors: Vdovenko Serhiy , Shvydkyi Pavlo
Published: January 2024

One of the main tasks of the vegetable growing industry is to expand the range of vegetable products grown in open and closed soil conditions. Research was conducted on the basis of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University in 2019-2021. The research used zoned sweet pepper varieties Aphrodite, Beya, Monant, and hybrids Tesla F1, Tamara F1, Priscilla F1, suitable for cultivation in the Forest-Steppe Zone of Ukraine. The experiment was carried out in triplicate by the method of randomized blocks. Plants of the Aphrodite variety and the Tesla F1 hybrid were used as controls. The purpose of the research was to determine the economic and biological value of varieties and hybrids of sweet pepper in open ground in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The object of research was the processes of growth and development of sweet pepper plants. Seedlings aged in. For 50 days, they were planted according to the recommendations of the Institute of Vegetable and Melon Growing of the National Academy of Sciences on a permanent place of cultivation in open ground. A 70x20 cm row layout of plants was chosen for the research. The average number of fruits per plant depends on varietal characteristics. In the hybrid, Priscilla F1, the number of fruits per plant was 6.9, and in the Beya variety - 6.3. The total yield consisted of marketable and non-marketable products, where the indicator of marketable yield was the highest and ranged from 85 to 92%. During the years under study, the yield had a variable value: for example, in 2019, the highest yield was obtained from sweet pepper hybrids and somewhat lower from varieties. As a result of the cultivation of sweet pepper, the Beya variety is characterized by a higher yield - 42.8 t/ha and the Priscilla F1 hybrid - 50.6 t/ha. The studied variet and hybrids of sweet pepper belong to highly stable plants with the ability to form a high yield.
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION OF THUJA OCCIDENTALIS AND FEATURES OF ROOTED PLANT DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Tsyhanska Olena
Published: January 2024

The article examines the study of the influence of growth stimulants on the formation and formation of the root system of decorative conifers. Namely, western thuja (Thuja occidentalis), and its forms: western thuja f. heather-like (Thuja occidentalis var. `ericoides`), western thuja f. globose (Thuja occidentalis var. `globosa'), western thuja f. golden globe (Thuja occidentalis var.`Golden Globe`). The highest percentage of rooting in thuja western f. heather-like, regardless of the method of processing the cuttings before planting for rooting. The lowest percentage of rooting is characterized by western thuja f. globose The use of root formation stimulators in general had a positive effect on the overall percentage of rooting of both thuja western and thuja western f. globose. Treatment of cuttings with Kornevin compared to the use of Heteroauxin provided lower indicators. As a result of the research, it was established that according to the indicators of rooting of cuttings, the length of the root system, the number of shoots formed, and the number of roots, thuja western f. heather-like surpasses other forms. The lowest percentage of rooting was noted in thuja western f. spherical according to all variants of the experiment. Also, studies have shown that the differences are reliable in the length of the root system, the diameter of the root neck, growth, the number of side shoots, and the number of roots that have formed. The use of rooting stimulants on cuttings of western thuja and its forms had a positive effect on rhizogenesis and, in general, the process of root system formation. Cuttings treated with rooting stimulants have a high survival rate and outperform the control in terms of root system length, the number of shoots formed, and the number of roots, and at the same time have reliable differences in biometric indicators. It should be noted that the level of rooting in the control testifies to the appropriate technological level of work and a significant variation in the ability to root in different types of western thuja.
INFLUENCE OF PRE-SOWING SEED TREATMENT WITH BIOPREPARATIONS ON THE YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST STEPPE
Authors: Verheles Pavlo , Amons Sergey , Ovchuruk Ivanna
Published: January 2024

Pre-sowing seed treatment is one of the elements of crop cultivation technology and is widely used in grain production in the Vinnytsia region. The article presents the three-year results of the influence of preparations of different composition, which are used for seed treatment, on the yield and structure of the winter wheat crop. To establish a field experiment at the research site of the research farm "Agronomichne" VNAU village. Agronomic Vinnytsia district, seeds of the medium-ripening variety Skagen were treated with the following biological preparations: "Avicena, SE" in a dose of 0,4 l/t, "Azotophyt-r" – 0,8 l/t, "Organic balance" - 1 l/t, "Help Rost" – 1 l/t, a combination of growth regulator and poisoner "Azotophyt" – 0,8 l/t + "Avicena SE" – 0,4 l/t, "Organic balance" – 1 l/t + "Avicena, SE" – 0,4 l/t and "Help Rost" – 1 l/t + "Avicena, SE" – 0,4 l/t. In the course of the research, the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with poison and growth regulators on the index of productive tillering, which in the control variant was 1,8 stems/plant, was noted. When used for pre-sowing seed inoculation of biopreparations Azotophyt and Organic balance, productive tillering was 2.1 stems/plant, which was 0,3 stems/plant more than the data obtained on the control variant without treatment. A similar result was observed in the variant that involved sowing seeds treated with the combination of Organic Balance + Avicena, SE. The pre-sowing treatment of Skagen winter wheat seeds with biological preparations, a poison and their combined use had a positive effect on the elements of the crop structure. The number of grains from a plant in the options that provided for the treatment of seeds with biopreparations Azotophyt-r, Organic Balance and Help Rost was on average 34,5-35,3 pcs., which is 1,4-2,3 pcs. exceeded this indicator in the control. The highest yield of the crop - 6.18 t/ha was recorded with the combined pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds with a mixture of Organic Balance (1 l/t) + Avicen, SE (0,4 l/t). Compared to the control option, the increase in grain yield was 1,12 t/ha, and the conditional net profit was UAH 8,866, with a profitability level of 40,2%.
INFLUENCE OF THE LEVEL OF MINERALIZATION OF DRINKING WATER ON THE CONTENT OF HEAVY METALS IN IT
Authors: Vradii Oksana
Published: January 2024

It has been studied that water is an invaluable resource without which the existence of all living things on the planet is impossible. And providing the population with high-quality drinking water is the basis for solving the main problem of environmental security, which concerns the hydrosphere of the planet. WHO experts have established that the cause of 80% of all diseases in the world is a violation of sanitary, hygienic and ecological norms for providing the population with drinking water and its unsatisfactory quality. This problem is also relevant for our country. Drinking water supply in Ukraine is characterized by the fact that more than 70% of all drinking water consumed by society is produced from surface sources and therefore depends on the level of ecological load on them. The water of rivers and other sources of water supply can be contaminated with substances that have entered it with industrial, household, and agricultural discharges. Insufficiently purified and disinfected water can transmit various infectious diseases (viral hepatitis A, mouthvirus infection, typhoid, paratyphoid, dysentery and other intestinal infections), as well as helminth eggs, pathogens of protozoan diseases. Pathogenic agents can get into water with various impurities and waste, so water safety in terms of epidemics is one of the main requirements today. The influence of the level of mineralization of drinking water on the concentration of heavy metals in it was studied. The state of drinking water supply in Ukraine is analyzed, the pollution of natural waters and measures to improve the quality of drinking water are characterized. The research of tap water, well water, and water from wells was conducted within the city of Busk, Zolochiv district, Lviv region. It was established that with an increase in the level of mineral content in drinking water, an increase in the concentration of heavy metals – Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu – was observed. Household additional purification of drinking water (well, water from a well, and tap water) contributed to the reduction of its mineral content, which was positively reflected in the reduction of heavy metals in it, in particular, Pb by 1.5 – 2.5 times, Cd by 1.6 – 2, 0 times, Zn by 1.6 – 2.7 times and Cu by 1.9 – 3.0 times. The issues of labor protection and population protection are analyzed.
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE PRODUCTIVITY OF AGROPHYTOCENOSES WITH PEAS DEPENDING ON HYDROTHERMAL RESOURCES
Authors: Hetman Nadiia
Published: January 2024

In the soil and climatic conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe, regardless of the influence of abiotic and biotic factors, high adaptability of annual agrophytocenoses of spring oats and spring triticale with seed peas was established during the growing season. It is important to note the response of oat and pea plants to changes in moisture supply and temperature during the growing season, provided that the biological characteristics of the crop are maintained, to form an average yield of dry matter and digestible protein within 5.81 and 0.619 t/ha over 24 years of observations, respectively. During the long-term research period, the sum of active temperatures was 874 oC, precipitation was 124 and the hydrothermal coefficient was 1.46. Long-term studies have shown that during the formation of vegetative mass by agrophytocenoses (May-June), the distribution of precipitation was uneven against the background of an increase in the average monthly air temperature, which was reflected in the yield of dry matter and its quality. During the 10 years of research, the highest amount of precipitation was observed - 159-204 mm. The most critical period for growth processes and crop formation was 1999, 2003, 2004, when 37-53 mm of precipitation fell with the sum of active temperatures of 762-880 mm and the GTC of 0.46-0.69. Over the past 9 years (2011-2019), the temperature has increased to 1021°C. Comparing the fodder productivity of binary mixtures of annual crops, it can be stated that with early spring sowing, the yield of fodder units and crude protein in fodder oats was higher compared to spring triticale. This is primarily due to the biological characteristics and duration of the vegetation period of the studied crops, which in spring triticale, unlike oats, the earing phase occurs 8-10 days earlier. The research gives grounds to conclude that it is agrobiologically expedient to use binary grass mixtures with different types of cereal crops in the raw material conveyor. The use of cereal crops that mature at different times ensures the production of plant material for harvesting fodder (green mass, silage, hay or haylage from dried grasses) between the first and second mowing of perennial grasses. In particular, it is also important to note that biological groups of plants effectively use agrometeorological resources during the stages of organogenesis, forming a sustainable crop with high quality indicators. Based on the data obtained, it is possible to predict the productivity of annual agrophytocenoses for the following years.
The Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid on Oxidative Stress, Lipid Profile, and Blood Glucose Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Male Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Khan Barkat Ullah , Arshad Sidra , Ikram Faiza , Yousef Iftekhar , Naizi Inam , Ismaeel Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Objective: To determine the effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) on blood glucose, lipid profile, and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced type II diabetic male Sprague Dawley rats.Study Design: Laboratory-based experimental study.Place and Duration of the Study: The study was carried out at the Physiology Research Lab, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from 20th  January 2021 to 24th June 2021.Methods: Thirty Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into three equal groups. Group I was given a normal standard rat diet. In Groups II and III after feeding a diet rich in fat and calories for 2 weeks, after feeding a diet rich in fat and calories for 2 weeks, a single low dose of streptozotocin was injected for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) induction. Alpha Lipoic Acid 30 mg/kg body weight/day was administered intraperitoneally in Group III for 01 weeks after the development of T2DM.Results: The blood glucose, lipid profile, and serum Malondialdehyde levels were deranged in the diabetic group. After Alpha Lipoic Acid supplementation, the blood glucose levels, Serum MDA, and levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and Low Density Lipoproteins decreased, whereas High Density Lipoproteins level were significantly raised (p <0.001) in group III as compared to the diabetic group II. Conclusion: Treatment with Alpha Lipoic Acid reduces oxidative stress and improve reduces oxidative stress and improves glycemic and lipid profiles in T2DM rats.

How to cite this: khan BU, Arshad S, Ikram F, Yousef I, Naizi I, Ismaeel M. The Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid on Oxidative Stress, Lipid Profile and Blood Glucose Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Male Sprague Dawley Rats. Life and Science. 2024; 5(1): 89-94. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.405
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness (RNFLT) in Myopic & Hypermetropic Eyes in a Subset of Pakistani Population
Authors: Mukhtar Sahrish , Hassan Nuzhat , Lakhani Mubina , Fatima Urooj , Shaheen Sadaf , Raza Iffat
Published: January 2024

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in healthy individuals with myopic and hypermetropic eyes, using optical coherence tomography (OCT).Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Akil bin Abdul Qadir Institute of Ophthalmology, Karachi, Pakistan from January 2015 to June 2015.Methods: In this study, 300 eyes were included were examined using standard protocols by a single examiner. Subjects with a history of diabetic or hypertensive retinopathy, raised intraocular pressure (> 21mmHg), and previous intraocular or laser surgery were excluded from the study. The mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was calculated in both myopic and hypermetropic eyes. Results: The mean global retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) in myopic eyes was found to be 93.98 ± 8.57 μm. In hypermetropic eyes, it was found to be 101.00 ± 6.58. This variation was found to be statistically significant with p-value of 0.001.Conclusion: We concluded that individuals with myopic eyes had significantly reduced retinal nerve fiber layer thickness whereas those with hypermetropic eyes showed an insignificant increase in RNFLT compared to emmetropic eyes.How to cite this: Mukhtar S, Hassan N, Lakhani M, Fatima U, Shaheen S, Raza I. Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness (RNFLT) in Myopic & Hypermetropic Eyes in a Subset of Pakistani Population. Life and Science. 2024; 5(1): 54-60. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.480