bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A aprendizagem matemática em uma posição de fronteira: foregrounds e intencionalidade de estudantes de uma favela brasileira
Authors: Skovsmose Ole , Scandiuzzi Pedro Paulo , Valero Paola , Alrø Helle
Published: May 2012

Nas grandes metrópoles, estudantes de diferentes bairros podem experimentar oportunidades de vida muito diferentes, o que pode influenciar suas atitudes em relação à escola e à aprendizagem, incluindo a aprendizagem da matemática. Entrevistamos um grupo de seis estudantes de uma favela em uma grande cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, pedindo para que olhassem para o seu futuro e refletissem sobre se poderiam ter ou não motivos para aprender a matemática escolar, tanto em termos das profissões a que visavam quanto em relação à possibilidade de ascender ao ensino superior. Nos relatos desses estudantes identificamos alguns temas. O primeiro deles foi discriminação. Os estudantes se sentem discriminados devido ao fato de virem de um bairro pobre, e receiam estar rotulados segundo algum estereótipo. O segundo tema foi fuga. Há uma forte motivação para iniciar uma nova vida longe da favela. O terceiro tema diz respeito à obscuridade da matemática. Embora pareça claro a esses estudantes que a educação é relevante para assegurar uma mudança na vida, as aulas de matemática não parecem proporcionar qualquer indício a respeito de sua importância. O quarto tema é incerteza a respeito do futuro. Ao mesmo tempo em que aspiram a condições específicas, a realidade lhes apresenta grandes limitações. Neste artigo introduzimos um sistema teórico para discutir a relação entre as condições de vida dos estudantes da favela em relação às suas experiências e oportunidades educacionais. As intenções de aprendizagem dos estudantes estão relacionadas com seus foregrounds, ou seja, ao que eles percebem como sendo suas possibilidades futuras a partir de seu ambiente social. Os estudantes em uma favela vivem no que chamamos de posição de fronteira, um espaço no qual indivíduos conhecem seu ambiente social e chegam a um acordo face às múltiplas escolhas que a diversidade cultural e econômica torna disponíveis para eles.
A modelagem como um ambiente de aprendizagem para a conversão do conhecimento matemático
Authors: Rosa Milton , Orey Daniel Clark
Published: May 2012

A investigação da modelagem como um ambiente de aprendizagem para a construção do conhecimento matemático está se tornando predominante nos meios acadêmicos. Esse ambiente facilita uma estrutura pedagógica que promove a identificação e a disseminação de ambos os conhecimentos, explícito e tácito, dos alunos, através do estudo e da codificação das ideias matemáticas presentes nos sistemas retirados da realidade. Neste artigo, discutimos as principais características da conversão dos conhecimentos matemáticos, explícito e tácito, através da utilização do ambiente de aprendizagem da modelagem.
Características morfogênicas e estruturais de capim-mombaça em três densidades de cultivo adubado com nitrogênio
Authors: Pereira Vinícius Valim , Fonseca Dilermando Miranda da , Martuscello Janaina Azevedo , Braz Thiago Gomes dos Santos , Santos Márcia Vitória , Cecon Paulo Roberto
Published: May 2012

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada e da densidade de plantas nas características morfogênicas e estruturais do capim-mombaça (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv mombaça). O experimento foi realizado em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com 12 tratamentos e três repetições, com quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 80, 160 e 320 kg/ha.ano) e em três densidades (9, 25 e 49 plantas/m²) nas quatro estações do ano. O corte foi realizado a 30 cm do nível do solo, quando o dossel atingia 95% de interceptação luminosa. Foram mensuradas as taxas de aparecimento foliar, senescência e alongamento foliar, filocrono, taxa de alongamento de pseudocolmo, número de folhas vivas, duração de vida das folhas, número de perfilhos totais por touceira e taxas de aparecimento e mortalidade dos perfilhos totais. A adubação nitrogenada influenciou positivamente as taxas de aparecimento foliar e de perfilhos totais (outono e inverno), as taxas de alongamento foliar (primavera e verão) e de pseudocolmos (verão), a taxa de senescência foliar (outono, inverno, primavera e verão) e o número de folhas vivas e de perfilhos totais (primavera e verão). A adubação também influenciou positivamente o perfilhamento do capim-mombaça. As densidades mais elevadas aumentaram as taxas de alongamento e senscência foliar e diminuíram o número de perfilhos. A adubação nitrogenada reduz o filocrono e a duração de vida das folhas (primavera e verão), mas não influencia a taxa de mortalidade de perfilhos.
As competências gerenciais dos reitores de universidades federais em Minas Gerais: a visão da alta administração
Authors: Ésther Angelo Brigato
Published: May 2012

No âmbito da gestão empresarial, há muito se discute a questão das competências gerenciais, cuja articulação deve culminar com o alcance dos objetivos organizacionais. Tal lógica tem penetrado o domínio da gestão pública. As universidades públicas, especialmente as federais, vêm experimentando mudanças em sua atuação desde meados da década de 1990, quando se buscou a implementação da chamada "gestão pública gerencial". O objetivo do artigo é analisar as competências atribuídas aos reitores de universidades federais, com a expectativa de contribuir para maior compreensão de sua ação. Para tanto, foram entrevistados reitores, vice-reitores e pró-reitores de oito universidades federais, todas localizadas em Minas Gerais. Os resultados expressam a predominância da competência política, faltando-lhes, entretanto, o domínio de outras consideradas relevantes para os gestores públicos.
The experience of pregnancy: subjectivity and social relations
Authors: Rezende Claudia Barcellos
Published: May 2012

In this article, I examine from a comparative perspective how the experience of pregnancy is affected by pregnant women's social network, in an urban context. In particular, I analyse the role played by husbands or male partners, family, friends and medical specialists during gestation and how these relationships impinge on women's subjectivity. I contrast the earlier studies of Maria Isabel Almeida and Tania Salem, carried out in the 1980s, with my own research material, gathered in 2008, all of which dealt with middle class women living in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, who were going through their first gestation. I argue, with this comparison, that different ways of thinking and living these relationships as well as the changes undergone in gender roles in the family affects women´s subjectivity, in particular the value given to the expression of individuality - its motivations, desires and emotions.
Investigation on regional variation of intraluminal thrombus: A mechanical and histological study
Authors: Celi Simona , Losi Paola , Berti Sergio
Published: May 2012

The abdominal aortic aneurysm is an irreversible dilatation of the artery and when this pathology is localized in the aortic district, the intraluminal thrombus (ILT) is present in approximately 75% of cases. The rupture risk of AAA is thought to be associated with increased levels of wall stress. In recent decades, finite element analysis (FEA) have been used to predict wall stresses in a patient-specific, noninvasive manner. However, FE simulations are mainly based on homogeneous behavior for ILT material. The purpose of this work was to investigate the biomechanical behavior of ILT and to derive an appropriate constitutive relation for ventral and posterior regions. Uniaxial tensile tests were carried out and histological investigations were performed on four fresh thrombi to correlate with the change in the mechanical properties. A second-order polynomial, large-strain, hyperelastic constitutive model was developed and used to fit the uniaxial tensile testing data for determination of the material parameters. Our results indicate that the microstructure of ILT differs between the ventral and dorsal region, with the area region characterized by a nonlinear behavior and the lateral posterior area stiffer than the budge region. The peak stretch values were (mean±SEM) 1·24±0·04 and 1·1±0·09 for the ventral and lateral posterior area of the ILT, respectively. The material models for the thrombi are in excellent agreement with the experimental data.
Studies of adsorption kinetics and regeneration of aniline, phenol, 4-chlorophenol and 4-nitrophenol by activated carbon
Authors: Suresh S. , Srivastava V.C. , Mishra I.M.
Published: May 2012

The present paper reports kinetic studies of the adsorption of aniline (AN),
phenol (P), 4-chlorophenol (CP) and 4-nitrophenol (NP) from aqueous solution
onto granular activated carbon (GAC). In FTIR spectral analysis, the
transmittance of the peaks gets increased after the loading of AN, P, CP and
NP signifying the participation of these functional groups in the adsorption
and it seems that the adsorption of AN, P, CP and NP is chemisorptive in
nature. The rates of adsorption were found to obey a pseudo-second order
model and that the dynamics of AN, P, CP and NP adsorption are controlled by
a combination of surface and pore diffusion. The diffusion coefficient were
of the order of 10-10 m2 s-1. Thermal desorption at 623 K was found to be
more effective than solvent desorption. GAC performed well for at least five
adsorption-desorption cycle, with continuous decrease in adsorption
efficiency after each thermal desorption. Owing to its relative high heating
value, the spent GAC can be used as co-fuel for the production of heat in a
boiler or a furnace.
Neoliberalism, Education and the Crisis of Western Capitalism
Authors: Peters Michael A.
Published: May 2012

This article introduces the Policy Futures in Education special issue on neoliberalism, reviewing its origins in the founding of the Mt Perelin Society at the beginning of the Cold War and its political phase with Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan's policies in the 1980s. It sets the scene for the rest of the issue and investigates the financial collapse and its consequences in terms of the decline of a US-centric world.
Democratic Shortfalls in Privatized Curriculum Policy Production: Silencing the ‘Potted Plants' and Politicizing ‘Quick Fixes’
Authors: Pinto Laura Elizabeth
Published: May 2012

Democratic policy production requires the input of citizen voices, ideally through a process that actively engages a broad range of stakeholders in decision-making. This article describes Ontario's curriculum policy formulation process during the 1990s, based on archival documents and interviews with 16 policy actors. The privatization of curriculum policy production resulted in a politicized environment that silenced citizens' voices. Though contracting writers through a bidding process allowed the government to produce a vast amount of policy in a relatively short period of time, findings reveal how policy actors' roles were reduced to ‘potted plants' charged with carrying out a predetermined agenda rather than active participants in a robust democratic process.
Education for Y'all: Global Neoliberalism and the Case for a Politics of Scale in Sustainability Education Policy
Authors: McKenzie Marcia
Published: May 2012

This article addresses the effects of neoliberalism as it operates through global and local educational policy, and in particular in relation to the United Nations' Education for Sustainable Development initiatives. It examines how a politics of scale is necessary in enabling critique and in rearticulating forms of education policy-making and practice that prioritize interscaler local ‘good sense’ over neoliberal global ‘common sense’. The article closes with examples of interscaler data from a participatory research project on youth orientations to place and sustainability that aims to use practice to generatively examine sustainability education policy.
Traveling Policies: Mobility, Transformation and Continuities in Higher Education Public Policy
Authors: Britez Rodrigo G.
Published: May 2012

This article presents an assessment of the impact and implications of the international mobilities operating in the national public policy environment. In fact, patterns of transformations that take place in national higher education systems are generating diverse and complex outcomes in different countries, in ways that may preclude a simple relation between international policy prescriptions and communication and policy change in higher education. In this way, the different processes that constitute globalisation within local spaces demand recognition of the importance of specificities in their constitution. In short, the starting point to understanding these processes seems to require detecting the specificity of complex dimensions in which the dynamic interaction between global and local takes place. In order to illustrate this point, the author presents the case of policy developments related to the dramatic private expansion of Paraguay's higher education sector since the 1990s.
Neoliberal Education and Student Movements in Chile: Inequalities and Malaise
Authors: Cabalin Cristian
Published: May 2012

This article examines the major consequences of the neoliberal education system implemented in Chile during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet and how two important student movements contested this structure. In 2006 and 2011, thousands of students filled the streets to demand better public education, more social justice and equal opportunities. They rejected the free-market fundamentalism in education that has generated segregation, stratification and inequalities. Students have become important political actors who re-evaluated the discussion on education in Chile. By doing so, they are rejecting the competitive and privatized nature of the current system, which is lacking in quality and equity, and they are demonstrating that new ‘social imaginary’ in Chilean education is possible.
The Parable of the Physicist and the Postmodernists
Authors: Wilson David , Cope Bill , Peters Michael A.
Published: May 2012

This reproduces, for fun, a conversation between three professors at the University of Illinois, that originated at a dinner party over a couple of bottles of good red wine.
WikiLeaks and the Authority of Knowledge
Authors: Valeri Andy
Published: May 2012

This article outlines how providing accessible transparency to information controlled by institutions of power and suppressed from public view is both similar in purpose to, as well as an essential component of, the pedagogical processes promoted by Paulo Freire, which are necessary for the establishment of a truly just and non-oppressive society. It asserts fundamental philosophical, instrumental, and ethical connections between organizations such as WikiLeaks and Freire's program of dialogic education towards undermining the foundations of societal-based ignorance, upon which the maintenance of structures of oppression are dependent.
Famine Exposure in the Young and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Adulthood
Authors: van Abeelen Annet F.M. , Elias Sjoerd G. , Bossuyt Patrick M.M. , Grobbee Diederick E. , van der Schouw Yvonne T. , Roseboom Tessa J. , Uiterwaal Cuno S.P.M.
Published: May 2012

The developmental origins hypothesis proposes that undernutrition during early development is associated with an increased type 2 diabetes risk in adulthood. We investigated the association between undernutrition during childhood and young adulthood and type 2 diabetes in adulthood. We studied 7,837 women from Prospect-EPIC (European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition) who were exposed to the 1944–1945 Dutch famine when they were between age 0 and 21 years. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to explore the effect of famine on the risk of subsequent type 2 diabetes in adulthood. We adjusted for potential confounders, including age at famine exposure, smoking, and level of education. Self-reported famine exposure during childhood and young adulthood was associated with an increased type 2 diabetes risk in a dose-dependent manner. In those who reported moderate famine exposure, the age-adjusted type 2 diabetes hazard ratio (HR) was 1.36 (95% CI [1.09–1.70]); in those who reported severe famine exposure, the age-adjusted HR was 1.64 (1.26–2.14) relative to unexposed women. These effects did not change after adjustment for confounders. This study provides the first direct evidence, using individual famine exposure data, that a short period of moderate or severe undernutrition during postnatal development increases type 2 diabetes risk in adulthood.
A Novel Anti-inflammatory Role for Spleen-Derived Interleukin-10 in Obesity-Induced Inflammation in White Adipose Tissue and Liver
Authors: Gotoh Koro , Inoue Megumi , Masaki Takayuki , Chiba Seiichi , Shimasaki Takanobu , Ando Hisae , Fujiwara Kansuke , Katsuragi Isao , Kakuma Tetsuya , Seike Masataka , Sakata Toshiie , Yoshimatsu Hironobu
Published: May 2012

Obesity is associated with systemic low-grade inflammation and obesity-related metabolic disorders. Considering that obesity decreases the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the spleen, we assessed the role of interleukin (IL)-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine produced by the spleen, in the pathogenesis of obesity. Changes in obesity-related pathogenesis, including inflammatory responses in multiple organs, were assessed after systemic administration of exogenous IL-10 to splenectomy (SPX)-treated obese wild-type and IL-10 knockout (IL-10KO) mice. Obesity resulted in the inability of the spleen to synthesize cytokines, including IL-10, and proinflammatory cytokines in obesity are then likely to emerge from tissues other than the spleen because serum levels of IL-10, but not proinflammatory cytokines, decreased despite the expression of these cytokines in the spleen being reduced in high fat–induced obese mice. SPX aggravated the inflammatory response in white adipose tissue (WAT) and the liver and suppressed adiposity in WAT. However, it accentuated adiposity in the liver. These SPX-induced changes were inhibited by systemic administration of IL-10. Moreover, SPX had little effect on the inflammatory responses in WAT and the liver of IL-10KO mice. These data show the role of spleen-derived IL-10 in diet-induced changes as a result of inflammatory responses in WAT and the liver.
Body Composition and Circulating High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin and IGF-I in Infants Born Small for Gestational Age
Authors: de Zegher Francis , Sebastiani Giorgia , Diaz Marta , Sánchez-Infantes David , Lopez-Bermejo Abel , Ibáñez Lourdes
Published: May 2012

Prenatal growth restraint, if followed by postnatal overweight, confers risk for adult disease including diabetes. The mechanisms whereby neonatal nutrition may modulate such risk are poorly understood. We studied the effects of nutrition (breast-feeding [BRF] vs. formula-feeding [FOF]) on weight partitioning and endocrine state (as judged by high-molecular-weight [HMW] adiponectin and IGF-I) of infants born small for gestational age (SGA). Body composition (by absorptiometry), HMW adiponectin, and IGF-I were assessed at birth and 4 months in BRF infants born appropriate for gestational age (AGA; n = 72) and SGA infants receiving BRF (n = 46) or FOF (n = 56), the latter being randomized to receive a standard (FOF1) or protein-rich formula (FOF2). Compared with AGA-BRF infants, the catchup growth of SGA infants was confined to lean mass, independently of nutrition. Compared with AGA-BRF infants, SGA-BRF infants had normal HMW adiponectin and IGF-I levels at 4 months, whereas SGA-FOF infants had elevated levels of HMW adiponectin (particularly SGA-FOF1) and IGF-I (particularly SGA-FOF2). In conclusion, neonatal nutrition seems to influence endocrinology more readily than body composition of SGA infants. Follow-up will disclose whether the endocrine abnormalities in SGA-FOF infants can serve as early markers of an unfavorable metabolic course and whether they may contribute to design early interventions that prevent subsequent disease, including diabetes.
Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome Independently Predict Arterial Stiffness and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Minimal Comorbidity
Authors: Lilitkarntakul Pajaree , Dhaun Neeraj , Melville Vanessa , Kerr Debbie , Webb David J. , Goddard Jane
Published: May 2012

OBJECTIVE

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but its contribution to arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction in CKD is not well defined. We hypothesized that risk factors for MS would independently predict arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction in CKD patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Risk factors for MS, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) as measures of arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction, respectively, were assessed in 113 minimally comorbid CKD patients and in 23 matched control subjects.

RESULTS

CF-PWV correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist circumference, and plasma glucose (r2 = 0.25, 0.09, and 0.09; P < 0.01 for all). FMD correlated with SBP (r2 = 0.09; P < 0.01) and waist circumference (r2 = 0.03; P < 0.05). CF-PWV increased progressively (r2 = 0.07; P < 0.01) with increasing number of risk factors for MS. In multiple linear regression, SBP and waist circumference were independent determinants of CF-PWV, whereas only SBP predicted FMD.

CONCLUSIONS

The number of MS risk factors is an important determinant of arterial stiffness in CKD patients irrespective of the degree of renal impairment. Although BP remains the major determinant of arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction, waist circumference independently predicts arterial stiffness. MS risk factors, particularly abdominal girth, are potential targets for future interventional studies in patients with CKD.
A non-diagonal singularity-free model in torsion gravity
Authors: Korunur Murat
Published: May 2012

In the context of torsion (teleparallel) gravity, we focus on discussing the spin effects of Dirac particles associated with the non-diagonal singularity-free model (Mars space-time). We see that the vector part depends on the radial r and z directions and the axial-vector will be along the radial direction, that is, it will be symmetric about radial direction. Furthermore, the t = 0 case of the Mars metric is considered, thence it is seen that the axial-vector vanishes.
Acute effects of all-trans-retinoic acid in ischemic injury
Authors: Panickar Kiran , Dawson Harry
Published: May 2012

All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is a vitamin A derivative that is important in neuronal patterning, survival, and neurite outgrowth. Neuroprotective effects of ATRA in ischemia have been demonstrated but its effects on glial swelling are not known. We investigated the relatively acute effects of ATRA on cell swelling in ischemic injury and on key features hypothesized to contribute to cell swelling including increased reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), depolarization of the inner mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and increased intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i). C6 glial cultures were subjected to 5 hr oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). ATRA was added to separate groups after the end of OGD. OGD increased cell volume by 43%, determined at 90 min after the end of OGD, but this increase was significantly attenuated by ATRA. OGD induced an increase in ROS/RNS production in the whole cell and mitochondria, as assessed by the fluorescent dyes CM-H2DCFDA and MitoTracker CM-H2-XROS at the end of OGD. The increase in mitochondrial ROS, but not cellular ROS, was significantly attenuated by ATRA. OGD also induced a 67% decline in mitochondrial ΔΨm but this decline was significantly attenuated by ATRA. OGD-induced increase in [Ca2+]i was also significantly attenuated by ATRA. Taken together with our previous results where calcium channel blockers reduced cell swelling, the effects of ATRA in attenuating swelling are possibly mediated through its effects in regulating [Ca2+]i. Considering the paucity of agents in attenuating brain edema in ischemia, ATRA has the potential to reduce brain edema and associated neural damage in ischemic injury.
The Antiquity of the Bow and Arrow in the Kalahari Desert: Bone Points from White Paintings Rock Shelter, Botswana
Authors: Robbins Lawrence H. , Campbell Alec C. , Brook George A. , Murphy Michael L. , Hitchcock Robert K.
Published: May 2012

This paper presents new information on the antiquity of the bow and arrow in the Kalahari. Excavations at White Paintings Shelter (WPS) uncovered bone point fragments that appear to have been parts of reversible arrowheads that could have been used with poison. We present a sequence of nine new, internally consistent OSL ages that date specific soil horizons at WPS. These dates/soil horizons are related to the bone point finds. The oldest bone points are estimated to date between 35–37 ka, while worked bone technology extends to at least 45 ka. Several engraved points are also discussed in relation to ethnographic evidence regarding decorated bone link-shafts collected in the 1970s. Additional information includes the first description of a reversible bone arrow point, made by a person who used such points with poison in his youth.
Lithic Industry as an Indicator of Ceramic Diffusion in the Early Neolithic of West Africa: A Case Study at Ounjougou
Authors: Soriano Sylvain , Huysecom Eric
Published: May 2012

Ounjougou (Dogon Country, Mali) is now known for the discovery there of pottery dating to the first half of the 10th millennium cal BC, which is among the earliest evidence of the use of ceramics in Africa. While our understanding of early African ceramics is becoming well developed, certain other evidence associated with the first manifestations of the African Neolithic are still poorly understood, including notably the lithic industries. On the basis of technological and typological analyses of the lithic assemblage associated with the Ounjougou pottery, we will show that these materials also express profound behavioral changes within cultural groups of this period, and indeed they help clarify processes for the spread of ceramics. For these reasons lithics are extremely important for understanding this period of great cultural change and should not be neglected.

Technological and typological data collected during the analysis have been used to propose an original taphonomic approach and to test in this way the coherence of the assemblage.

Comparisons with Early Holocene industries in the Saharan zone (Temet, Tagalagal, Adrar Bous 10, etc.) provide new elements of consideration regarding the cultural context of the appearance of pottery, and enable us to propose a scenario for the adoption of technological innovations marking the beginning of the Holocene, from sub-Saharan West Africa toward the central Sahara. The lithic industries are seen as a valuable means of clarifying the cultural context and processes of the appearance and spread of pottery in this region from the first half of the 10th millennium cal BC to the middle of the 9th millennium cal BC.
Database Documentary: From Authorship to Authoring in Remediated/Remixed Documentary
Authors: Cohen Hart
Published: May 2012

The engagement with documentary from its inception as a film form is frequently a set of references to documentary auteurs. The names of Flaherty, Grierson, Vertov and later Ivens, Leacock and Rouch are immediate signifiers of whole documentary film practices. These practices have given rise to histories and criticism that have dominated discussion of documentary and provided the foundation for more nuanced thinking about problems of the genre. One of the seminal texts in the field, Documentary by Erik Barnouw (1974) celebrates the auteur as the structuring principle for his historical review of documentary. It may be a reflection of the influence of this book, that so much of documentary criticism reflects the auteur approach as a starting point for analysis.

The shift towards a new documentary format, the Database Documentary, challenges the concept of an auteur in its presentation of documentary materials. This format relies on a remediation technique that recalibrates documentary media within new distributive networks supported by the web and enhanced by converged and designed visual and sonic interfaces. The reception modalities are necessarily removed from the familiar forms of projection and presentation of documentary film and television.

The research focus for this paper is how the concept of authorship (the “auteur”) is transformed by the emergence of the relatively new screen format of the database documentary.

The paper reviews some of the more recent examples of Database Documentary, the contexts for their production and the literature on new conceptions of documentary knowledge that may be drawn from these examples. An analysis of the authoring program, Korsakow and the documentaries that have been made using its software will demonstrate the route documentary has travelled from authorship to authoring in contemporary media production.
What we Talk about when we Talk about Sailor Culture: Understanding Danish Fisheries Inspection through a Cult Movie
Authors: Gad Christopher
Published: May 2012

As a concept, culture can easily appear quite diffuse and it is often contested. This ambiguity begs the question of what it means to invoke the concept in particular situations. This paper is an analytic experiment, which was kick-started when I asked informants about sailor culture during fieldwork onboard the Danish fisheries inspection vessel The West Coast. In response, fisheries inspectors, surprisingly, suggested watching the Danish cult movie Martha (1967). I describe this incident as a small ethnographic moment leading me to conduct the present experiment. This involves using Martha as an analytic device to investigate sailor culture. More specifically, I use a preliminary analysis of the movie as an entry point to understand five matters of concern, which I encountered during fieldwork. With point of departure in an analytic attitude I call empirical philosophy I propose the term inter-reflexivity to characterize this mode of lateral cultural analysis. Inter-reflexivity emphasizes a double movement emerging from an ethnographic moment in the field and the creative translation of that moment into an analytic device. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of using a popular cultural artefact encountered in the field as such a device for articulating some complex, current stakes in fisheries inspection and ’inventing’ a particular version of sailor culture.
Immunocytokines
Authors: Gutbrodt Katrin L. , Neri Dario
Published: May 2012

A number of cytokines have shown beneficial effects in preclinical animal models of cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases. However, cytokine treatment is often associated with severe side effects, which prevent the administration of clinically relevant doses in humans. Immunocytokines are a novel class of biopharmaceuticals, consisting of a cytokine moiety fused to monoclonal antibodies or to an antibody fragment, which selectively accumulate at the disease site and thereby enhance the therapeutic effects of cytokines. This review surveys the recent preclinical and clinical advances in the field, with a special focus on the impact of antibody formats, target antigen and cytokine moieties on the therapeutic performance in vivo. We also discuss emerging data about the possibility to combine immunocytokines with other pharmacological agents.
Higher Desolvation Energy Reduces Molecular Recognition in Multi-Drug Resistant HIV-1 Protease
Authors: Wang Yong , Dewdney Tamaria G. , Liu Zhigang , Reiter Samuel J. , Brunzelle Joseph S. , Kovari Iulia A. , Kovari Ladislau C.
Published: May 2012

Designing HIV-1 protease inhibitors that overcome drug-resistance is still a challenging task. In this study, four clinical isolates of multi-drug resistant HIV-1 proteases that exhibit resistance to all the US FDA-approved HIV-1 protease inhibitors and also reduce the substrate recognition ability were examined. A multi-drug resistant HIV-1 protease isolate, MDR 769, was co-crystallized with the p2/NC substrate and the mutated CA/p2 substrate, CA/p2 P1’F. Both substrates display different levels of molecular recognition by the wild-type and multi-drug resistant HIV-1 protease. From the crystal structures, only limited differences can be identified between the wild-type and multi-drug resistant protease. Therefore, a wild-type HIV-1 protease and four multi-drug resistant HIV-1 proteases in complex with the two peptides were modeled based on the crystal structures and examined during a 10 ns-molecular dynamics simulation. The simulation results reveal that the multi-drug resistant HIV-1 proteases require higher desolvation energy to form complexes with the peptides. This result suggests that the desolvation of the HIV-1 protease active site is an important step of protease-ligand complex formation as well as drug resistance. Therefore, desolvation energy could be considered as a parameter in the evaluation of future HIV-1 protease inhibitor candidates.
Evolving Phytoplankton Stoichiometry Fueled Diversification of the Marine Biosphere
Authors: Martin Ronald , Quigg Antonietta
Published: May 2012

The availability of nutrients and the quantity and quality of food at the base of food webs have largely been ignored in discussions of the Phanerozoic record of biodiversity. We examine the role of nutrient availability and phytoplankton stoichiometry (the relative proportions of inorganic nutrients to carbon) in the diversification of the marine biosphere. Nutrient availability and phytoplankton stoichiometry played a critical role in the initial diversification of the marine biosphere during the Neoproterozoic. Initial biosphere expansion during this time resulted in the massive sequestration of nutrients into biomass which, along with the geologically slow input of nutrients from land, set the stage for severe nutrient limitation and relatively constant marine biodiversity during the rest of the Paleozoic. Given the slow nutrient inputs from land and low recycling rates, the growth of early-to-middle Paleozoic metazoans remained limited by their having to expend energy to first “burn off” (respire) excess carbon in food before the associated nutrients could be utilized for growth and reproduction; the relative equilibrium in marine biodiversity during the Paleozoic therefore appears to be real. Limited nutrient availability and the consequent nutrient imbalance may have delayed the appearance of more advanced carnivores until the Permo-Carboniferous, when widespread orogeny, falling sea level, the spread of forests, greater weathering rates, enhanced ocean circulation, oxygenation, and upwelling all combined to increase nutrient availability. During the Meso-Cenozoic, rising oxygen levels, the continued nutrient input from land, and, especially, increasing rates of bioturbation, enhanced nutrient availability, increasing the nutrient content of phytoplankton that fueled the diversification of the Modern Fauna.
Scenario Simulation-Based Assessment of Trip Difficulty for Urban Residents under Rainstorm Waterlogging
Authors: Chen Peng , Zhang Jiquan , Jiang Xinyu , Liu Xingpeng , Bao Yulong , Sun Yingyue
Published: May 2012

In this study, an experiment was performed to assess the trip difficulty for urban residents of different age groups walking in various depths of water, and the data were corroborated with the real urban rainstorm waterlogging scenarios in downtown (Daoli district) Ha-Erbin (China). Mathematical models of urban rainstorm waterlogging were constructed using scenario simulation methods, aided by the GIS spatial analysis technology and hydrodynamic analysis of the waterway systems in the study area. Then these models were used to evaluate the impact of waterlogging on the safety of residents walking in the affected area. Results are summarized as: (1) for an urban rainstorm waterlogging scenario reoccurring once every 10 years, three grid regions would have waterlogging above 0.5 m moving at a velocity of 1.5 m/s. Under this scenario, waterlogging would accumulate on traffic roads only in small areas, affecting the safety and mobility of residents walking in the neighborhood; (2) for an urban rainstorm waterlogging scenario reoccurring once every 20 years, 13 grids experienced the same waterlogging situation affecting a larger area of the city; (3) for an urban rainstorm waterlogging scenario reoccurring once every 50 years, 86 grid regions were affected (waterlogging above 0.5 m moving at 1.5 m/s), and those areas would become impassable for residents.
Mechanism of Generation of Therapy Related Leukemia in Response to Anti-Topoisomerase II Agents
Authors: Cowell Ian G. , Austin Caroline A.
Published: May 2012

Type II DNA topoisomerases have the ability to generate a transient DNA double-strand break through which a second duplex can be passed; an activity essential for DNA decatenation and unknotting. Topoisomerase poisons stabilize the normally transient topoisomerase-induced DSBs and are potent and widely used anticancer drugs. However, their use is associated with therapy-related secondary leukemia, often bearing 11q23 translocations involving the MLL gene. We will explain recent discoveries in the fields of topoisomerase biology and transcription that have consequences for our understanding of the etiology of leukemia, especially therapy-related secondary leukemia and describe how these findings may help minimize the occurrence of these neoplasias.
A New Butanolide Compound from the Aerial Part of Lindera akoensis with Anti-inflammatory Activity
Authors: Yang Chung-Ping , Huang Guan-Jhong , Huang Hui-Chi , Chen Yu-Chang , Chang Chi-I , Wang Sheng-Yang , Chen Ih-Sheng , Tseng Yen-Hsueh , Chien Shih-Chang , Kuo Yueh-Hsiung
Published: May 2012

A new butanolide, 3b-((E)-dodec-1-enyl)-4b-hydroxy-5b-methyldihydrofuran-2-one (1) and four known butanolides: Akolactone A (2), (3Z,4a,5b)-3-(dodec-11-enylidene)-4-hydroxy-5-methylbutalactone (3), (3E,4a,5b)-3-(dodec-11-enylidene)-4-hydroxy-5-methylbutalactone (4) and dihydroisoobtusilactone (5), were isolated from the aerial parts of Lindera akoensis. These butanolides showed in vitro anti-inflammatory activity decrease the LPS-stimulated production of nitrite in RAW264.7 cell, with IC50 values of 1.4–179.9 mM.
Reversible Low-Light Induced Photoswitching of Crowned Spiropyran-DO3A Complexed with Gadolinium(III) Ions
Authors: Kruttwig Klaus , Yankelevich Diego R. , Brueggemann Chantal , Tu Chuqiao , L’Etoile Noelle , Knoesen André , Louie Angelique Y.
Published: May 2012

Photoswitchable spiropyran has been conjugated to the crowned ring system DO3A, which improves its solubility in dipolar and polar media and stabilizes the merocyanine isomer. Adding the lanthanide ion gadolinium(III) to the macrocyclic ring system leads to a photoresponsive magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent that displays an increased spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) upon visible light stimulation. In this work, the photoresponse of this photochromic molecule to weak light illumination using blue and green light emitting diodes was investigated, simulating the emission spectra from bioluminescent enzymes. Photon emission rate of the light emitting diodes was changed, from 1.75 × 1016 photons·s−1 to 2.37 × 1012 photons·s−1. We observed a consistent visible light-induced isomerization of the merocyanine to the spiropyran form with photon fluxes as low as 2.37 × 1012 photons·s−1 resulting in a relaxivity change of the compound. This demonstrates the potential for use of the described imaging probes in low light level applications such as sensing bioluminescence enzyme activity. The isomerization behavior of gadolinium(III)-ion complexed and non-complexed spiropyran-DO3A was analyzed in water and ethanol solution in response to low light illumination and compared to the emitted photon emission rate from over-expressed Gaussia princeps luciferase.
Reaction of Iodonium Ylides of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds with HF Reagents
Authors: Gondo Keisuke , Kitamura Tsugio
Published: May 2012

Reaction of dibenzoylmethane with (diacetoxyiodo)benzene in the presence of KOH in MeCN quantitatively gave the corresponding iodonium ylide, which was treated with a HF reagent to afford the corresponding 2-fluorinated dibenzoylmethane in 14–50% yields. The similar reaction of the iodonium ylides obtained from 1-phenylbutan-1,3-dione, ethyl benzoylacetate, and ethyl p-nitrobenzoylacetate with TEA·3HF gave the corresponding fluorinated products in 17–34% yields. It is suggested that the fluorinated products were formed through the C-protonation of the ylide, followed by displacement with fluoride ion. The same reaction of the iodonium ylide of dibenzoylmethane with concentrated HCl gave the corresponding chlorinated product in 45% yield.
Superparamagnetic Nanocomposites Templated with Pyrazole-Containing Diblock Copolymers
Authors: Biswas Sanchita , Belfield Kevin D. , Das Ritesh K. , Ghosh Siddhartha , Hebard Arthur F.
Published: May 2012

Monodisperse maghemite nanoparticles, templated in novel, well-defined pyrazole-containing norbornene-based block copolymers, provided a superparamagnetic nanocomposite with high saturation magnetization at room temperature under an applied magnetic field. The synthesis of the polymer nanocomposites and physical, morphological, and magnetic chracaterization of the nanocomposites are reported. Micelle-encapsulated superparamagnetic nanocomposites were generated for dispersal in aqueous medium. Their stability in water in the presence of a magnetic field was investigated as was their morphology and cell viability, strongly suggesting the potential of these superparamagnetic polymer-based nanocomposites in certain biomedical imaging and associated applications.
Synthesis and Optical Study of a New Oligophenylene
Authors: Amor Sarra Ben , Said Ayoub Haj , Chemek Mourad , Massuyeau Florian , Wéry Jany , Faulques Eric , Alimi Kamel , Roudesli Sadok
Published: May 2012

A new substituted oligophenylene was prepared by the Knoevenagel condensation of 4-methoxybezaldehyde with a functionalized oligophenylene (OMPA). The latter was obtained by (4-methoxy phenyl) acetonitrile electrochemical oxidation. The resulting modified oligomer was characterized by various spectroscopic techniques: NMR, FTIR and UV. The thermal study showed that the modified material exhibited a lower thermal stability compared with OMPA. Finally, the optical study revealed that in solution, the emission was red-shifted when compared with the non-modified oligomer emission and that the optical gap changed from 3.1 eV to 2.75 eV. In thin layer solid state, photoluminescence was again red-shifted by 120 nm, which is probably due to an interaction between the oligomer chains. In addition, a transient photoluminescence study was undertaken for the synthesized materials. It showed that the lifetimes of the photo-generated species were shortened by the conjugation extension in the modified oligomer and by the inter-chain interactions in the solid state.
A Urinary Bcl-2 Surface Acoustic Wave Biosensor for Early Ovarian Cancer Detection
Authors: Onen Onursal , Sisman Alper , Gallant Nathan D. , Kruk Patricia , Guldiken Rasim
Published: May 2012

In this study, the design, fabrication, surface functionalization and experimental characterization of an ultrasonic MEMS biosensor for urinary anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) detection with sub ng/mL sensitivity is presented. It was previously shown that urinary Bcl-2 levels are reliably elevated during early and late stages of ovarian cancer. Our biosensor uses shear horizontal (SH) surface acoustic waves (SAWs) on surface functionalized ST-cut Quartz to quantify the mass loading change by protein adhesion to the delay path. SH-SAWs were generated and received by a pair of micro-fabricated interdigital transducers (IDTs) separated by a judiciously designed delay path. The delay path was surface-functionalized with monoclonal antibodies, ODMS, Protein A/G and Pluronic F127 for optimal Bcl-2 capture with minimal non-specific adsorption. Bcl-2 concentrations were quantified by the resulting resonance frequency shift detected by a custom designed resonator circuit. The target sensitivity for diagnosis and identifying the stage of ovarian cancer was successfully achieved with demonstrated Bcl-2 detection capability of 500 pg/mL. It was also shown that resonance frequency shift increases linearly with increasing Bcl-2 concentration.
A New Boundary Stone of the Reign of Nabû-mukīn-apli (978-943 BC)
Authors: Weszeli Michaela
Published: May 2012

Résumé Ce nouveau kudurru date du début de l’époque néo-babylonienne, soit de l’an 16 du règne de Nabû-muk?n-apli, et porte sur la vente de deux terrains situés à D?r-šarru-k?n ou aux environs, à l’est du Tigre, dans la région de la Diyala, sur le canal Mingatu-kar?tu. Ce kudurru constitue une addition bienvenue au corpus restreint des inscriptions de ce règne long et troublé. En outre, comme le prix de ces champs n’a pas été versé en argent mais en nature, ce texte fournit deux listes détaillées d’équivalents en argent pour des esclaves, des animaux, des denrées alimentaires, de l’or, des textiles et des outils.
La multilatéralité internationale
Authors: Zartman I. William
Published: May 2012

Résumé À l’encontre des attentes, une modélisation de la négociation multilatérale existe, non pas aussi nette que celle concernant la négociation bilatérale, mais néanmoins contenue dans les analyses de cas et les concepts développés jusqu’ici. Comme la négociation elle-même, la modélisation cherche à décomplexifier. Elle le fait principalement par des coalitions, à la fois des parties et des sujets. La première utilise la coordination, l’accumulation, le rassemblement, la conglomération et le reliage ; la deuxième, la concession, la compensation et la construction. La négociation multilatérale sert souvent à la construction et l’ajustement des régimes et des institutions internationaux.
L'interprétation de la violence primaire chez l'enfant, chemin vers l'Œdipe
Authors: Gérard Christian
Published: May 2012

Résumé La pratique de l’analyse avec les enfants a permis une évolution de la psychanalyse contemporaine, y compris celle avec les patients états limite, soulignant l’importance de la continuité psychanalyse avec les enfants – psychanalyse avec les adultes. Cette évolution a touché particulièrement le domaine de l’interprétation, facilitant l’abord des zones les plus précoces du psychisme. Ce qui se montre indispensable avec les enfants souffrant de troubles des symbolisations primaires. Une qualité particulière de transfert « paternel primaire » est mise en relief dans lequel l’identification primaire a un rôle prévalent. Est rappelée aussi l’importance de l’interprétation des rêves peu utilisée en analyse d’enfants. Une illustration clinique est donnée avec le cas d’une fillette prépsychotique âgée de 4 ans.
ISO 14006. Experiencias previas de estudios de arquitectura que han adoptado el estándar de ecodiseño UNE 150301:2003
Authors: Arana-Landín G. , Cilleruelo-Carrasco E. , Aldasoro-Alustiza J. C.
Published: May 2012

En este artículo se analiza la experiencia de implantación de la norma UNE 150301 de ecodiseño en el sector de los estudios de arquitectura.

Tras el examen de la estructura de norma UNE 150301, de sus objetivos y de su alcance, se analiza su difusión, destacándose que el 73% de las empresas certificadas en España son estudios de arquitectura. A continuación se estudia el proceso de implantación real, mediante el estudio de caso que lo analiza en cinco estudios de arquitectura.

El estudio realizado permite conocer de primera mano las principales claves y dificultades del proceso de implantación del estándar, así como los resultados obtenidos, entre los que destaca una reducción del impacto ambiental. Se constata, en suma, que la norma UNE 150301 es una herramienta que puede proporcionar ventajas competitivas interesantes a las empresas del sector de los estudios de arquitectura.