bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
System Reliability Modeling and Analysis of Distributed Networks
Authors: Wei Guanghui
Published: February 2022

The reliability of distributed network is researched by establishing one set of effective modeling, analysis, evaluation, and optimization method theory, which is a hot research area in the distributed network system field. The phased analysis method is utilized to study the reliability of the distributed network including the analysis and definition of the distributed network on the basis of studying its operational process. Meanwhile, task request, task scheduling, and execution phase will be also studied, and the establishment of reliability mathematical model of distributed network will be discussed to provide actual reference significance for the design of the distributed network system.
Immune Activity and Response Differences of Oncolytic Viral Therapy in Recurrent Glioblastoma: Gene Expression Analyses of a Phase IB Study
Authors: Miller Katherine E. , Cassady Kevin A. , Roth Justin C. , Clements Jennifer , Schieffer Kathleen M. , Leraas Kristen , Miller Anthony R. , Prasad Nripesh , Leavenworth Jianmei W. , Aban Inmaculada B. , Whitley Richard J. , Gillespie G. Yancey , Mardis Elaine R. , Markert James M.
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

Previously, clinical trials of experimental virotherapy for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) demonstrated that inoculation with a conditionally replication–competent Δγ134.5 oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV), G207, was safe. Following the initial safety study, a phase Ib trial enrolled 6 adult patients diagnosed with GBM recurrence from which tumor tissue was banked for future studies.

Patients and Methods:

Here, we analyzed tumor RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data obtained from pre- and posttreatment (collected 2 or 5 days after G207 injection) biopsies from the phase Ib study patients.

Results:

Using a Spearman rank-order correlation analysis, we identified approximately 500 genes whose expression pattern correlated with survival duration. Many of these genes were enriched for the intrinsic IFN-mediated antiviral and adaptive immune functional responses, including immune cell chemotaxis and antigen presentation to T-cells. Furthermore, we show that the expression of several T-cell–related genes was highest in the patient with the longest survival after G207 inoculation.

Conclusions:

Our data support that the oHSV-induced type I IFN production and the subsequent recruitment of an adaptive immune response differed between enrolled patients and showed association with survival duration in patients with recurrent malignant glioma after treatment with an early generation oHSV.
Blocking PI3K p110β Attenuates Development of PTEN-Deficient Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Gao Xueliang , Wang Yubao , Ribeiro Caroline F. , Manokaran Cherubin , Chang Hyeyoun , Von Thanh , Rodrigues Silvia , Cizmecioglu Onur , Jia Shidong , Korpal Manav , Korn Joshua M. , Wang Zhigang , Schmit Fabienne , Jiang Lan , Pagliarini Raymond , Yang Yi , Sethi Isha , Signoretti Sabina , Yuan Guo-Cheng , Loda Massimo , Zhao Jean J. , Roberts Thomas M.
Published: February 2022

A common outcome of androgen deprivation in prostate cancer therapy is disease relapse and progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) via multiple mechanisms. To gain insight into the recent clinical findings that highlighted genomic alterations leading to hyperactivation of PI3K, we examined the roles of the commonly expressed p110 catalytic isoforms of PI3K in a murine model of Pten-null invasive CRPC. While blocking p110α had negligible effects in the development of Pten-null invasive CRPC, either genetic or pharmacologic perturbation of p110β dramatically slowed CRPC initiation and progression. Once fully established, CRPC tumors became partially resistant to p110β inhibition, indicating the acquisition of new dependencies. Driven by our genomic analyses highlighting potential roles for the p110β/RAC/PAK1 and β-catenin pathways in CRPC, we found that combining p110β with RAC/PAK1 or tankyrase inhibitors significantly reduced the growth of murine and human CRPC organoids in vitro and in vivo. Because p110β activity is dispensable for most physiologic processes, our studies support novel therapeutic strategies both for preventing disease progression into CRPC and for treating CRPC.

Implications:

This work establishes p110β as a promising target for preventing the progression of primary PTEN-deficient prostate tumors to CRPC, and for treating established CRPC in combination with RAC/PAK1 or tankyrase inhibitors.
Uso de casos clínicos e fish-bowl complementando aulas expositivas no ensino de bioquímica para cursos de medicina
Authors: Cardoso Andréia Machado , Reis Flávia Medeiros Dutra , Moreira Lorraynne Camila , Lanzini Maurício , Lopes Mayara Luiza da Silva
Published: February 2022

Este artigo descreve uma experiência exitosa na combinação de metodologias tradicionais e ativas no ensino de Bioquímica a alunos do curso de medicina. Nela foram mescladas a metodologia tradicional, com aulas expositivas e resolução de questões, e metodologia ativa, o fish-bowl e aplicação de casos clínicos, no ensino da estrutura e função das proteínas. Tal atividade levou os alunos a buscarem as respostas para responder às questões e sustentar seus argumentos frente à discussão com outros colegas, transformando-os assim em sujeitos ativos e participativos na construção de seu conhecimento. Ao final da atividade, foi observada a eficácia da junção da metodologia ativa e tradicional como ferramentas de um conhecimento mais duradouro e que atenda às atuais demandas dos profissionais da saúde.
Possíveis estratégias de enfrentamento do Burnout entre profissionais de saúde durante a pandemia do coronavírus
Authors: Oliveira Taynara Carvalho de , Silva Karoline Barbosa da , Floriano Luíza , Xavier Patricia Vieira , Righi Luana Lira
Published: February 2022

A síndrome de Burnout (SB) se refere ao esgotamento profissional, a qual está sendo exacerbada durante a pandemia do SARS-CoV-2. A falta de equipamentos de proteção individual, maior exposição ao ambiente de risco e aumento da jornada de trabalho, contribuem para o desenvolvimento da SB. Assim, o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de evidenciar possíveis estratégias de enfrentamento da SB em profissionais de saúde durante a pandemia do SARS-Cov-2. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, com os termos de busca: ‘’Covid’’ AND ‘’healthcare professional’’ AND ‘’burnout’’. Os artigos revisados discutem a necessidade de se investir na saúde física e mental dos profissionais da saúde com apoio psicológico, no qual pode-se utilizar estratégias de enfrentamento focado no problema ou com reinterpretação positiva. Adicionalmente, foram citados workshops de discussão sobre estratégias e habilidades para equilíbrio mental e profissional, entre eles, o denominado “Death Cafe”, no qual os profissionais discutem sobre a morte. As estratégias descritas nesta revisão mostram possibilidades satisfatórias de intervenção, visando reduzir os efeitos da SB.
Dossiê Museus Universitários: patrimônio, experiências e reflexões
Authors: Silva Cibele Monteiro da , Fernandes Gabriel , Marandino Martha , Silva Maurício Candido da
Published: February 2022

Os museus universitários são verdadeiros laboratórios para o desenvolvimento de análises museológicas, educativas, históricas, antropológicas, arquitetônicas, administrativas, comunicacionais, entre tantas outras possíveis. Estabelecem-se como espaços privilegiados de diálogo e colaboração entre o universo acadêmico e os vários grupos formadores da sociedade, colocando o patrimônio cultural universitário como um patrimônio comum, pertencente a todos. Seja na forma de coleções de potencial museológico inseridas em departamentos ou laboratórios, seja na forma de unidades inseridas na estrutura universitária em que se verifica a realização das diferentes etapas do processo museológico, é recorrente na formação ou na trajetória das universidades a presença de museus e de estruturas afins – espaços de memória, centros de divulgação científica, arquivos, bibliotecas, entre tantas especialidades que nem sempre recebem a denominação de museu, mas que estão abrangidas pela ideia de núcleo museológico universitário, envolvidos com ações de conservação, pesquisa, ensino e divulgação dos valores praticados pela universidade para a sociedade. Nesse sentido, a rede de cooperação entre esses diferentes formatos de museus e coleções universitárias se apresenta como estratégia de planejamento e de ação no mundo contemporâneo. Assim, a presente edição da Revista CPC ganha destaque e relevância ao buscar revelar as inúmeras atividades realizadas nos bastidores destes museus, que nem sempre têm visibilidade.
Resenha: Not yet. Lobo, Pedro. São Paulo: Tempo d'Imagem, 2020. 144p.
Authors: Costa Eduardo Augusto
Published: February 2022

Esta resenha apresenta o livro Not Yet do fotógrafo Pedro Lobo, publicado no final de 2020. Debate-se como os temas da memória e do improviso, que perpassam toda a carreira do fotógrafo, assumem um lugar narrativo proeminente, ganhando novo sentido diante da condição humana no Antropoceno. Neste sentido, não apenas as fotografias são tomadas como evidências discursivas, mas também o livro em sua condição material. Deste modo, o livro do fotógrafo ganha sentido na relação com outros agentes, reconhecendo uma cultura marcada pela visualidade, em trânsito global.
Editorial
Authors: Marandino Martha
Published: February 2022

Os textos que compõem este número abordam estudos e reflexões sobre as variadas perspectivas de patrimônio, voltadas aos bens materiais e imateriais. São produções que revelam a relevância da pesquisa científica, da análise política, do reconhecimento do valor e da necessidade de conservação do patrimônio, seja ele edificado, virtual ou natural.
Zoneamento e preservação do patrimônio cultural em São Paulo: antecedentes e condicionantes da Z8-200 nos anos 1970
Authors: Tonasso Mariana Cavalcanti Pessoa
Published: February 2022

A trajetória municipal de preservação do patrimônio cultural edificado em São Paulo teve início nos anos 1970 e possui uma ligação histórica com o setor de planejamento urbano, mais precisamente com o instrumento do zoneamento. A decisão de iniciar essa trajetória por meio do zoneamento não é, no entanto, isenta de discordâncias ou tentativas divergentes, mas é lastreada por uma série de fatores que se relacionam com o contexto de discussões e experiências preservacionistas do período, levando em consideração as circunstâncias políticas e a posição privilegiada que esse instrumento havia conquistado perante a administração municipal. O presente artigo busca apontar esses fatores e discutir as circunstâncias que antecederam e possibilitaram a criação do primeiro instrumento depreservação do patrimônio cultural na cidade: a zona especial Z8-200, criada em 1975. Implementada antes mesmo da instituição do tombamento municipal, a Z8-200 foi fundamental para a proteção de uma série de edificações em São Paulo, sendo extinta em 2002, quando foi incorporada pela atual Zona Especial de Preservação Cultural (ZEPEC).
Contornando velhas dificuldades perante novas demandas: o Museu Câmara Cascudo da UFRN como estudo de caso
Authors: Silva Jacqueline Souza , Albuquerque Glaudson Freire de
Published: February 2022

O Museu Câmara Cascudo da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte celebrou, em 2020, 60 anos de sua fundação enfrentando inúmeros desafios alusivos não só ao campo da museologia como ao ambiente universitário. Este trabalho objetiva narrar um breve histórico da trajetória do museu com foco nas interferências, positivas e negativas, de políticas da UFRN, principalmente as políticas culturais/museais. Pretendemos mostrar como a referida instituição vem implementando medidas positivas mais ostensivamente ao longo de sua sexta década de existência, tais como o aprimoramento de suas exposições, das ações educativas, de acessibilidade, de engajamento com o público e uso de novas tecnologias, combinadas com a expansão qualificada do seu quadro funcional. Assim, nesses últimos dez anos, o museu vem buscando alinhar-se às exigências impostas aos museus no século XXI, tendo como grande instituição fomentadora destas ações a própria UFRN.
O Desvelar da Imagem: análise semiótica de capas de livros do domínio da Ciência da Informação
Authors: Siqueira Jéssica Câmara
Published: February 2022

A partir dos estudos semióticos de Peirce e os trabalhos sobre a teoria da imagem de Santaella são analisadas as capas de livros do domínio da Ciência da Informação, selecionadas pelos critérios de periodicidade (proximidade de publicação); temática comum (livros teóricos sobre a CI); e a diferença de representação imagética em suas capas, a fim de compreender, a partir da interpretação sígnica, como tais meios de comunicação representam a movediça área da Ciência da Informação
As várias histórias de Chapeuzinho Vermelho: repressão e moral nos contos de fadas
Authors: Rocha Waldyr Imbroisi
Published: February 2022

A história das narrativas populares que vieram a se tornar contos de fadas é complexa e intrigante. Ao longo dos séculos, relatos folclóricos, mitos e lendas populares foram sendo transmitidos de geração a geração, sofrendo sensíveis modificações, e foram traspostos para a linguagem escrita há pouco mais de três séculos, constituindo o que hoje consideramos a literatura infantil “clássica”. O presente artigo se dedica a analisar o conto de fadas Chapeuzinho Vermelho e a evolução diacrônica das versões publicadas desse conto, bem como analisar modificações realizadas em sua estrutura e enredo. Para isso, nos apoiamos em obras de Nelly Novaes Coelho, J.R.R. Tolkien e Bruno Bettelehein, e nas versões deste conto publicadas por Charles Perrault na França de Luís XIV e pelos Irmãos Grimm no despertar do Romantismo
Conscious self-regulation in the system of predictors of success in Russian language at school (general model and its modifi cations)
Authors: Morosanova Varvara I. , Bondarenko Irina N. , Potanina Anna M. , Ishmuratova Yulia A.
Published: February 2022

Background. Confi dent language profi ciency in Russian language is the key to successful schooling. However, teachers note a general decline in Russian language performance among students. One of the most critical factors opposing this trend may be the development of regulatory competencies, particularly conscious self-regulation in achieving goals and in executive functions. Objective. Th e aim is to reveal the role conscious self-regulation plays in the system of predictors of successful mastering Russian language by secondary school students, diff ering in gender and age. Design. Sample included students of schools in Moscow and Moscow region aged 13–15 years (N = 286): seventh graders (N = 147) and ninth graders (N = 139). Methods applied in the study included V.I. Morosanova’s questionnaire “Th e style of self-regulation of learning activity (SRPLAQ-M 52)”; Eriksen’s task to assess the suppression of irrelevant stimuli, the letter-digit task to assess attention switching, the N-Back task to assess the renewal of working memory. We used two tasks developed by E.D. Bozhovich to diagnose language competencies. Questionnaires were fi lled out in group format in the classroom under the experimenter’s supervision; computer testing was held in a computer classroom on another day. Results. Th e results of the study showed that self-regulation and intelligence are universal resources for achieving educational goals. High academic performance amongboys mostly depends on the development of conscious self-regulation and the ability to manage their attention. Planning educational goals, the general level of self-regulation, and the accuracy of updating working memory are signifi cant for girls’ academic performance. By the time students start high school, the system of predictors for academic performance in Russian is undergoing qualitative changes. Th e system is “curtailed”, with only those elements that ensure success in passing state exams remaining relevant. Conclusion. Th e study revealed the invariant structure of the relationships between the predictors of success in Russian language. Th is structure is implemented as a model, constructed around the relationship of conscious self-regulation and its primary neurocognitive basis represented by executive functions. Th is complex regulatory component is a crucial predictor of success in Russian in adolescence. Th e annual assessment is determined primarily by self-regulation, while executive functions mainly contribute to the development of language competencies.
Robustness of Competing Climatic States
Authors: Ragon Charline , Lembo Valerio , Lucarini Valerio , Vérard Christian , Kasparian Jérôme , Brunetti Maura
Published: February 2022

The climate is a nonequilibrium system undergoing the continuous action of forcing and dissipation. Under the effect of a spatially inhomogeneous absorption of solar energy, all the climate components dynamically respond until an approximate steady state (or attractor) is reached. However, multiple steady states can coexist for a given forcing and with the same boundary conditions. Here, we apply the Thermodynamic Diagnostic Tool (TheDiaTo) to investigate the statistical properties of five coexisting climates, ranging from a snowball to an ice-free aquaplanet, obtained in MITgcm coupled simulations. The aim is to explore the multistability of the climate model setup by highlighting differences in competing steady states and their characteristic signatures regarding the meridional transport of heat and water mass, the Lorenz energy cycle, and the material entropy production. We also investigate how such attractors change when the model configuration is varied. We consider, in particular, the effect of changing the representation of the cloud albedo, and of implementing an improved closure of the energy budget. We find that, even if the dynamics remain on the same attractor, state variables are modified. The set of metrics in TheDiaTo quantifies such modifications and represents a valuable tool for model evaluation.
Saints Cosmas and Damian and the Traditions of Faith and Charity in Medicine
Authors: Nakayama Don K.
Published: February 2022

Sts. Cosmas and Damian, the twin patron saints of medicine, were once among the most recognized saints in Christendom. In today’s secularized society their prominence is much less known. The saints were beheaded during the violent persecutions of Christians in the Roman Empire in the end of the 3rd century and the first years of the fourth. Their story, however, is more than miracles and martyrdom. The history of Sts. Cosmas and Damian show the connection between medicine of Classical Greece and the worship of doctor-saints in early Christendom, and the tradition of charity to the poor in medical care.
Iron Pill-Induced Chemical Laryngitis
Authors: Sethia Rishabh , Bishop Ryan , Gordian-Arroyo Adlin , Matrka Laura
Published: February 2022

Objective:

To discuss the presentation and management of pill-induced chemical laryngitis by illustrating a rare case.

Methods:

We report a unique case of a patient with iron pill-induced laryngitis.

Results:

A 71-year-old male presented for evaluation of dysphonia. Five weeks prior, the patient had reportedly aspirated an iron pill. The pill was lodged in his throat for several hours before being coughed up, soft but still intact. Since that event, the patient noted complete voice loss and in clinic was found to have a very breathy and asthenic voice. Stroboscopy revealed aperiodicity with severe false fold compression and significant ulceration of the infraglottic region associated with thick exudate. Vocal folds were mobile but atrophic, with overlying crusted secretions. A sensory deficit was suspected based on scope tolerance. The patient was treated with nebulized ciprodex and humidified air with some improvement in mucosal crusting but had persistent glottic insufficiency and dysphonia, prompting bilateral hyaluronic acid injection.

Conclusions:

Pill-induced laryngitis is an extremely rare phenomenon. While typically associated with bisphosphonates, this condition should be considered in any patient presenting with dysphonia and history of aspiration of a pill, including iron supplements. Regardless of the inciting medication, pill-induced laryngitis may be treated with humidified air, nebulized steroids, and antibiotics. Injection augmentation of the vocal folds may be made considered when glottic insufficiency and weak cough contribute to the presentation.
Disease-Associated Multimolecular Signature in the Urine of Patients with Lyme Disease Detected Using Raman Spectroscopy and Chemometrics
Authors: Senger Ryan S. , Sayed Issa Amr , Agnor Ben , Talty Janine , Hollis Alicia , Robertson John L.
Published: February 2022

A urine-based screening technique for Lyme disease (LD) was developed in this research. The screen is based on Raman spectroscopy, iterative smoothing-splines with root error adjustment (ISREA) spectral baselining, and chemometric analysis using Rametrix software. Raman spectra of urine from 30 patients with positive serologic tests (including the US Centers for Disease Control [CDC] two-tier standard) for LD were compared against subsets of our database of urine spectra from 235 healthy human volunteers, 362 end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients, and 17 patients with active or remissive bladder cancer (BCA). We found statistical differences ( p < 0.001) between urine scans of healthy volunteers and LD-positive patients. We also found a unique LD molecular signature in urine involving 112 Raman shifts (31 major Raman shifts) with significant differences from urine of healthy individuals. We were able to distinguish the LD molecular signature as statistically different ( p < 0.001) from the molecular signatures of ESKD and BCA. When comparing LD-positive patients against healthy volunteers, the Rametrix-based urine screen performed with 86.7% for overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), respectively. When considering patients with ESKD and BCA in the LD-negative group, these values were 88.7% (accuracy), 83.3% (sensitivity), 91.0% (specificity), 80.7% (PPV), and 92.4% (NPV). Additional advantages to the Raman-based urine screen include that it is rapid (minutes per analysis), is minimally invasive, requires no chemical labeling, uses a low-profile, off-the-shelf spectrometer, and is inexpensive relative to other available LD tests.
Addressing food insecurity in Africa: Strategies for ensuring child-sensitive social protection
Authors: Zelenev Sergei
Published: February 2022

Recognized as a multifaceted challenge, food security is high on the political and socio-economic agendas of many countries. Gaining a better understanding of the multidimensional nature of the challenge of food insecurity in Africa, especially its complex impact on children, can facilitate concerted actions and better targeting of interventions by national governments, international agencies and civil society organizations aimed at child-sensitive social protection.
Determinants of Participation in India’s Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme in Three Southern States
Authors: Jatav Manoj , Nair Jyoti
Published: February 2022

This paper examines socioeconomic, demographic, and geographical factors determining individuals’ participation in India’s biggest flagship social security program, that is, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), across three southern states. Logistic regression estimates suggest that MGNREGS has benefited the marginalized rural households belonging to the most backward castes. The adverse effects of climate and the ongoing Covid pandemic would have been more critical without the existence of MGNREGS. We recommend wide-scale implementation of the MGNREGS, particularly for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, women, and those living in an uncertain climate with less access to land and irrigational facilities.
Cultural Intervention in the Spanish Civil War: A Comparative Analysis of Nazi and Fascist Propaganda
Authors: Peñalba-Sotorrío Mercedes
Published: February 2022

This article analyses Fascist and Nazi propaganda during the Spanish Civil War, asking how both nations exploited the conflict and how they interacted with each other and the emerging Francoist state. In so doing, the article highlights the propagandistic value of Nazi-fascist cultural policy and sheds light on the development of the Nazi-fascist alliance. It shows how despite Italy being in many ways at the forefront of the intervention, the development of tight Nazi-falangist relations, among other factors, led to the replacement of Fascist Italy by Nazi Germany as a model for the rebirth of the nation in Spain. This, in turn, sheds light on the Nazi-fascist Alliance, showing how Italy's wide-ranging propaganda originated from a place of self-perceived weakness rather than strength. German–Italian relations were marked by a complex and non-linear dynamic of admiration and jealousy, collaboration and competition, which made itself evident in the Spanish conflict and beyond.
The role of crowd behavior and cooperation strategies during evacuation
Authors: Mohd Ibrahim Azhar , Venkat Ibrahim , De Wilde Philippe , Mohd Romlay Muhammad Rabani , Bahamid Alala
Published: February 2022

Crowd dynamics have constituted a hotspot of research in recent times, particularly in areas where developmental progress has taken place in crowd evacuation for ensuring human safety. In high-density crowd events which happen frequently, panic or an emergency can lead to an increase in congestion which may cause disastrous incidents. Crowd control planning via simulation of people’s movement and behavior can promote safe departures from a space, despite threatening circumstances. Up until now, the evolution of distinctive types of crowd behavior towards cooperative flow remains unexplored. Hence, in this paper, we investigate the impact of potential crowd behavior, namely best-response, risk-seeking, risk-averse, and risk-neutral agents in achieving cooperation during evacuation and its connection with evacuation time using a game-theoretic evacuation simulation model. We analyze the crowd evacuation of a rectangular room with either a single-door or multiple exits in a continuous space. Simulation results show that mutual cooperation during evacuation can be realized when the agents’ population is dominated by risk-averse agents. The results also demonstrate that the risk-seeking agents tend toward aggressiveness by opting for a defector strategy regardless of the local crowd densities, while other crowd behavior shows cooperation under high local crowd density.
Climate justice is central to addressing the climate emergency’s psychological consequences in the Global South: a narrative review
Authors: Barnwell Garret , Wood Nick
Published: February 2022

The United Nations has signalled a ‘code red’, marking climate change as an existential threat for humanity. The world is rapidly warming, and the consequences of climate change include an increase and intensification in flooding, droughts, wildfires, and other traumatic exposures. Although countries in the Global South have contributed least to global warming, they are the most vulnerable owing to historical inequities. The concept of ‘climate justice’ recognises that historical racial discrimination, class disenfranchisement, political misrecognition, and other social injustices make surviving climate change and thriving within it more challenging. This narrative review considers the psychological consequences of the climate emergency through a climate justice lens. The article discusses the unequal exposures to psychological adversities, socio-historical barriers to adaptations and, finally, institutional betrayal that complicates the experience of psychological distress. The review concludes by pragmatically discussing how psychology could support climate justice ends.
Adaptive quantized controller design for synchronization of uncertain fractional-order nonlinear systems satisfying incremental quadratic constraints
Authors: Liu Leipo , Shang Yilin , Di Yifan , Fu Zhumu , Cai Xiushan
Published: February 2022

This paper proposes the adaptive quantized controller design for the synchronization of a class of fractional-order nonlinear systems satisfying incremental quadratic constraints governed by an incremental multiplier matrix. The incremental quadratic constraints can describe many commonly encountered nonlinearities in existing literature. The adaptive quantized controller are designed and formulated in terms of matrix inequalities to make the error system asymptotically stable. Meanwhile, the sufficient conditions can be obtained via solving linear matrix inequalities. Moreover, an algorithm is presented to illustrate the steps of designing adaptive quantized controllers. Finally, examples about fractional-order Lorenz chaotic system and fractional-order Bloch system are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the designed controller.
Multiple Intelligences, Learning for Understanding, and Creative Assessment: Some Pieces to the Puzzle of Learning
Authors: Díaz-Lefebvre René
Published: February 2022

Too many of our brightest and most capable students are sometimes caught in a system that places too much emphasis on linguistic, word smart intelligence or mathematical, number smart intelligence. Students at all levels of academic readiness—from developmental to honors—are affected by the rigidity of this way of thinking. Focusing solely on these types of learning strategies has in some cases encouraged rote memory teaching strategies that may foster little or no connection to material, low motivation, and poor performance. Memorization-regurgitation is the name of the game for many students; not much value is placed on learning or remembering the material, let alone understanding it. The Multiple Intelligences/Learning for Understanding (MI/LfU) initiative at Glendale Community College is one approach to learning and creative assessment a dedicated group of faculty, administrators, and students have been involved in for the past 9 years. Incorporating MI theory across the curriculum, provided students with a variety of creative, imaginative learning options. Students became miniexperts and cofacilitators of learning as they gave “performances of understanding” of the academic content studied. Assessment for understanding was completed using a creative grading/diagnostic rubric. Reflective student and faculty evaluation provided invaluable insight into the learning and teaching process. Providing a forum for the exchange and dialogue of ideas, innovations, perceptions, and pedagogies is essential in the transformation of education and crucial in the dynamics and evolution of change.
Teachers, Not Technicians: Rethinking Technical Expectations for Teachers
Authors: Sandholtz Judith Haymore , Reilly Brian
Published: February 2022

Despite many efforts at the national, state, and local levels to promote the use of computers in K-12 classrooms, over the past 20 years, the impact of the computer on teaching and learning has been minimal. In this article, we examine how one school district has advanced the use of computers in the classroom by focusing first on curriculum rather than on technology. While national and state technology standards for teachers, as well as educational technology textbooks, tend to start with computer hardware and how to troubleshoot it, teachers in the district described here spend very little time on hardware or troubleshooting. Instead, as a result of district choices with regard to technology, support, and training, teachers are able to bypass the hardware and troubleshooting and move quickly to more productive and inventive uses of technology in the classroom. Our research offers a paradox for furthering the use of computers in classrooms —if we take away expectations for technical skills and allow teachers to focus on developing curriculum, evaluating learning materials, and thinking about how to provide better learning opportunities for their students, teachers are likely to use technology more effectively and creatively in their teaching.
The Significance of Students: Can Increasing “Student Voice” in Schools Lead to Gains in Youth Development?
Authors: Mitra Dana L.
Published: February 2022

The notion of “student voice,” or a student role in the decision making and change efforts of schools, has emerged in the new millennium as a potential strategy for improving the success of school reform efforts. Yet few studies have examined this construct either theoretically or empirically. Grounded in a sociocultural perspective, this article provides some of the first empirical data on youth participation in student voice efforts by identifying how student voice opportunities appear to contribute to “youth development” outcomes in young people. The article finds that student voice activities can create meaningful experiences for youth that help to meet fundamental developmental needs—especially for students who otherwise do not find meaning in their school experiences. Specifically, this research finds a marked consistency in the growth of agency, belonging and competence—three assets that are central to youth development. While these outcomes were consistent across the students in this study, the data demonstrate how the structure of student voice efforts and nature of adult/student relations fundamentally influence the forms of youth development outcomes that emerge.
The Communication Requirements of Democratic Schools: Parent-Teacher Perspectives on Their Relationships
Authors: Miretzky Debra
Published: February 2022

Research on parent-teacher relationships tends to relegate parents to visitor roles in schools and to reinforce student achievement as the primary goal of parent-teacher relationships. This article argues for the recognition of the importance of talk among parents and teachers—both as a research methodology and as a desirable outcome—in creating and sustaining democratic communities that support school improvement. The study described used a qualitative approach that incorporated interviews and focus groups in a participative inquiry. Individual interviews with fourth through eighth grade teachers and parents determined the issues to be explored first in separate and then joint focus groups. Teachers and parents together discussed issues such as defensiveness, communication, and alliances. While parents and teachers did not espouse “democratic communities” per se, the values they expressed as important—investment in the school community, direct and honest communication, trust, mutual respect and mutual goals—all reflect the “communication requirements” of such communities. Parents and teachers may routinely frame the meanings of their encounters in terms of the children they have in common, but it appears that what they look for from each other is clearly connected to what they need for themselves as people who share a community that reflects democratic values.
What Educational Resources Do Students Need to Meet California's Educational Content Standards? A Textual Analysis of California's Educational Content Standards and Their Implications for Basic Educational Conditions and Resources
Authors: Koski William S. , Weis Hillary Anne
Published: February 2022

This article examines the statutory and policy framework for California's standards-based reform and accountability scheme and argues that this scheme, not unlike others throughout the country, fails to ensure that all children are provided with the necessary resources and conditions to achieve at the high levels prescribed by the state's content standards. Although California has developed a comprehensive standards-based reform scheme that includes challenging educational content standards, curriculum frameworks tied to those standards, and accountability mechanisms that are based on performance on standards-based assessments, the state has never attempted to ascertain the basic educational resources and conditions to which all children should have access in order to achieve at the level of the state's content standards. In an effort to begin to fill that missing policy link, the article then summarizes a systematic analysis of the text of California's educational content standards and supporting materials, which analysis demonstrates that the state itself expects that children will have access to certain educational resources and conditions in four areas—facilities, technology, instructional materials, and teachers. Striking among the conclusions of the analysis is the extent to which California requires that children have access to modern technology, including computers, software, and the Internet. Less surprising, but no less important, is the extent to which the state's content standards assume that all children have access to quality facilities and instructional materials, ranging from laboratory equipment and sophisticated measuring instruments to well-stocked libraries and media centers. The article concludes by calling on the state to analyze its own content standards and curriculum frameworks to develop a complete basket of educational resources and conditions that all children should receive to have an opportunity to achieve the state's standards.
Theorizing and Describing Preservice Teachers’ Images of Families and Schooling
Authors: Graue Elizabeth
Published: February 2022

This article examines how prospective teachers just beginning a professional education program think about working with parents. Through interviews with students in an elementary teacher education program, I explore how biography shapes dispositions toward families by setting expectations for the roles and the activities of participants. Merging cognitive, cultural, and narrative frameworks for teacher development, I suggest that prospective teachers must cross-traditionally consider cultural boundaries of race/class/gender but are also challenged as they move from being a child and student in family and school to the professional position of teacher. I argue that the role of teacher education is to manage the identity work necessary to integrate the tools of biography and the process of learning to relate to others in a new role.
Is Adult Education a Calling? Shaping Identity and Practice in Steel Mill Learning Centers
Authors: Rose Amy D. , Jeris Laurel , Smith Robert
Published: February 2022

Adult educators employed in steel mill career development programs offer the field a unique glimpse into the relationship between context and career trajectories. This article explores the lives of these adult educators against the backdrop of contemporary theories of career development, situated learning, and continuing professional development as a function of career identity. In particular, this article reports on a study that examined how teachers reflected on their practice and the implications this may have for the development of their professional identity. The specific questions this research addressed included: How did the teachers acquire the knowledge they feel they need to teach in the classroom or work in an adult education setting? How do they come to see themselves as adult educators'? What does this mean to them? To what extent does reflection on practice lead to the development of identity as adult educators ? Evidence suggests that although the field of adult education has explored career paths of its members in numerous contexts and theorized about how these elements come together, it has yet to describe, much less theorize, the path of those who locate themselves within and contribute to the practice of adult education outside of the mainstream.
Applying the Joint Committee's 1994 Standards in International Contexts: A Case Study of Education Evaluations in Bangladesh
Authors: Chatterji Madhabi
Published: February 2022

This case study examines the applicability of 1994 standards, offered by the Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation, to evaluations conducted in international contexts. The work is undertaken in response to an open invitation from the Joint Committee in its 1994 publication. The article addresses two purposes. First, it asks whether the standards in the four broad areas—utility, feasibility, propriety, and accuracy—can be applied as written to guide and monitor evaluation practices in developing countries when the programmatic focus and evaluation models, including relationships among sponsors, program participants, stakeholders, and evaluators, vary significantly from the assumptions underlying the 1994 standards. Second, it develops and refines methods for conducting metaevaluations of international evaluations by analyzing documentary and interview-based data from one case, represented by series of connected studies on education and health literacy programs in Bangladesh. The findings set the stage for more informed discussions on the robustness of existing standards and on the need for continuing case studies toward generating a revised or new set of standards for international evaluations in diverse fields, programs, and policy areas. The 1994 standards are presently undergoing revision by a task force of the American Evaluation Association.
The Use of Qualitative Methods in Large-Scale Evaluation: Improving the Quality of the Evaluation and the Meaningfulness of the Findings
Authors: Slayton Julie , Llosa Lorena
Published: February 2022

In light of the current debate over the meaning of scientifically based research, we argue that qualitative methods should be an essential part of large-scale program evaluations if program effectiveness is to be determined and understood. This article chronicles the challenges involved in incorporating qualitative methods into the large-scale evaluation of the Waterford Early Reading Program and the decisions made in light of those challenges. We demonstrate that, in spite of the challenges, there are significant benefits associated with using qualitative methods on a large scale. More specifically, by using qualitative methods, we were able to improve the evaluation and generate findings that were meaningful and useful to stakeholders. It is our hope that our experiences can be used by others to inform their work as they seek to incorporate qualitative methods into their large-scale evaluations.
African American Male Teachers in Public Schools: An Examination of Three Urban School Districts
Authors: Lewis Chance W.
Published: February 2022

Currently, African American students constitute approximately 20% of the public school population, while African American male teachers constitute 1% of the teaching force. In this article, the author presents the findings of a study that examined the disproportionate number of African American male teachers in America's K-12 public schools. More specifically, the researcher surveyed 147 African American male teachers in three urban school districts in Louisiana to better understand what strategies school districts could implement to increase the presence of African American male teachers. The recommendations are presented in this article.
Critique: Assessment and the Production of Learning
Authors: Soep Elisabeth
Published: February 2022

Education researchers and classroom teachers have argued that the constant pressure to measure and rank students makes it difficult to shape assessment as an episode of learning. Yet we know little about how learning moves in and through assessment of any kind. Building on two national multisited studies, the research reported here uses ethnographic techniques to examine learning within critique. Critique is a form of assessment through which young people jointly judge their own work and that of their peers. The article focuses on episodes of critique within two nonschool sites for collaborative production involving ethnically and economically diverse groups of youth—a community-based video project and an organization in which young people create radio stories for local and national broadcast. Learning environments such as these draw voluntary youth participation and are organized around sustained projects released to outside audiences. Findings indicate that critique manifests itself as an episode of learning by engaging young people in joint assessment events that are improvisational, reciprocal, and oriented toward the future of the work under review. Intra- and cross-site comparisons suggest that critique is likely to arise within specific conditions: when stakes are intense, metastandards are subjected to review, accountability is mutual and interactively sustained, and interdisciplinary practice is mandatory. The article reviews various ways to conceptualize learning and argues in the end for a theory of learning as production, a way of making. Implications include new ideas for research methodologies and new understandings of youth-adult collaborations in learning and production.
The Limits of Master Narratives in History Textbooks: An Analysis of Representations of Martin Luther King, Jr
Authors: Alridge Derrick P.
Published: February 2022

In this study, I argue that American history textbooks present discrete, heroic, one-dimensional, and neatly packaged master narratives that deny students a complex, realistic, and rich understanding of people and events in American history. In making this argument, I examine the master narratives of Martin Luther King, Jr., in high school history textbooks and show how textbooks present prescribed, oversimplified, and uncontroversial narratives of King that obscure important elements in King's life and thought. Such master narratives, I contend, permeate most history textbooks and deny students critical lenses through which to examine, analyze, and interpret social issues today. The article concludes with suggestions about how teachers might begin to address the current problem of master narratives and offer alternative approaches to presenting U.S. history.
Merit and Difference
Authors: Baez Benjamin
Published: February 2022

Using the arguments over college admissions as a point of departure, this article analyzes the idea of merit in education. Situating the concept of merit historically and philosophically, it advances the argument that merit should be considered not as an individual construct but as an institutional one. The debates over merit focus on which individual abilities should be privileged in college admissions. But the author argues the merit does not—indeed, cannot—exist outside the institutions that use it. The article suggests that it may be counterproductive for educators to insist upon an individual basis for merit, even when it is linked to furthering emancipatory goals. In other words, the predominant definitions of merit privilege an idea of the individual that itself should be questioned for how it justifies the institutional practices that create difference, practices that ensure that such an idea never materializes in fact.
“The Turning of One's Soul”—Learning to Teach for Social Justice: The Putney Graduate School of Teacher Education (1950–1964)
Authors: Rodgers Carol R.
Published: February 2022

This article explores one teacher education program's experiment in “turning the souls” of its students to help them understand and care deeply about issues of race and social justice, including issues of environmental sustainability. The Putney Graduate School of Teacher Education (1950–1964), a small “reconstructionist” program, was based upon Deweyan principles of choice, discovery, and student-generated learning and had as its underlying tenet a commitment to change the world. These goals created a tension between student independence and the program's political commitments. Nonetheless, students discovered reasons for education that lay beyond themselves, their experiences, the classroom, and their traditional notions of school. By immersing students in experiences that moved them emotionally, students developed a willing accountability for changing their world.