bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving South African student teachers’ English language skills: an argument for the assessment strategies of the PrimTEd language teaching project
Authors: Mort Thelma
Published: June 2023

South Africa is a linguistically diverse and educationally complex country. Most student teachers in Bachelor of Education programmes who are preparing to teach in primary schools do not speak English as a mother tongue. The medium of instruction for B.Ed programmes is English. Foundation Phase teachers will be expected to teach learners English (as a) First Additional language (EFAL). Intermediate Phase teachers will be expected to use English across the curriculum as English is the Language of Learning and Teaching (LoLT) from grade 4 upwards. As such, it is important that newly qualified teachers entering primary schools can engage with English texts, have a competent understanding of English and communicate fluently in English.
As one way of making a positive intervention in future teacher competency, this paper argues for the use of language and literacies assessment in Initial Teacher Education (ITE)at universities. The Primary Teacher Education project (PrimTEd) has developed a set of Language and Literacy standards for teachers, as well as assessments for primary school student teachers’ knowledge of English. These assessments are designed to occur at two points: entry level (first year) and exit level (fourth year) of the Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) degree.
Methodologically this paper considers the complex background conditions in language education which led to the PrimTEd project’s work and then sets out how the PrimTEd project’s assessment strategy may offer a hopeful intervention in these circumstances.
THE EFFECT OF EMOTIONAL LABOR AND BASIC SELF ON CONSTRUCTIVE NORMAL BEHAVIOR IN HOTEL OPERATIONS: THE INTERMEDIATE ROLE OF STAFF EMPOWERMENT
Authors: ŞEYHANLIOĞLU Hasan Önal , KINGIR Said
Published: June 2023

The main purpose of the research is to examine the effect of emotional labor, core self, constructive non-normative behavior and the mediating effect of personnel empowerment. The universe of the study is hotel businesses and the sample is the hotels in Ankara and Muğla. Research data were collected from managers in the hotel enterprises in question by interview form and survey technique from the staff. The data obtained with 538 questionnaires collected from the employees were analyzed. In the light of the data obtained from the employees, "factor analysis" was used for sizing and validating the scales. Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the scales. For the validation of the research model, "Structural Equation Modeling" was preferred in measuring the interaction of the independent variables with the dependent variable and determining the mediating role in the LISREL package program. According to the results of the research, it has been observed that staff empowerment has a partial mediating role in the effect of collective emotional labor on constructive non-normative behavior. On the other hand, it has been revealed that staff empowerment is a full mediator in the effect of core ego on constructive non-normative behavior.
Utilizing Remote Sensing and Data Analytics Techniques to Detect Methane Emissions from the Oil and Gas Industry and Assist with Sustainability Metrics
Authors: Esparza Á. E. , Ebbs M. , De Toro Eadie N. , Roffo R. , Monnington L.
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this paper is to provide additional information and insights gained on manuscript SPE-209980-MS, accepted for presentation at the 2022 Society of Petroleum Engineers Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition (Esparza et al. 2022).

The energy sector has been identified as one of the main contributors to emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gases. Therefore, sustainability in the sector is mainly associated with the advancement in environmental and social performance across multiple industries. Individual firms, particularly those belonging to the oil and gas (O&G) industry, are now assessed for their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and their impact on climate change. To meet the different key performance indicators (KPIs) for corporate social responsibility (CSR) and ESG, the planning, development, and operation of O&G infrastructure must be conducted in an environmentally responsible way.

Today, operators calculate their own emissions, which are typically self-reported annually, usually relying on emission factors to complement the lack of emission measurement data. This paper discusses how methane detection of O&G infrastructure using remote sensing technologies enables operators to detect, quantify, and minimize methane emissions while gaining insights and understanding of their operations via data analytics products. The remote sensing technologies accounted for in this paper are satellite and aerial platforms operating in tandem with data analytics, providing a scheme to support sustainability initiatives through the quantification of some ESG metrics associated with methane emissions. This paper presents examples of measurements at O&G sites taken with satellites and aircraft platforms, providing evidence of methane emissions at the facility level. A discussion of each platform and how they work together is also presented. Additionally, this paper discusses how these data insights can be used to achieve sustainability goals, functioning as a tool for ESG initiatives through the incorporation of analytical models.
Effects of Catha Edulis on Anxiety-like Behavior and Prefrontal Cortex-Malondialdehyde Level in Mice
Authors: Leminie Abebaye Aragaw , Dugul Tesfaye Tolessa , Eshetu Eyasu
Published: June 2023

Background
Catha edulis, commonly called khat, is a psychostimulant plant chewed by East African people. Chewing khat has adverse effects. Anxiety is becoming one of the most common psychiatric disorders. Some psychostimulants worsen while others improve the disorder. However, the effects of khat on anxiety and brain lipid peroxidation have not been investigated. The aim of this study is, therefore, to investigate the anxiety-like and prefrontal cortex (PFC) lipid peroxidation effects of khat in animal model.
Methods
A total of 40 white albino mice aged between 7 and 8 weeks were used. They were administered with khat extract (Ke) 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg b.w, and 2% tween 80 in distilled water (T80W-v/v) for thirteen weeks. The anxiety-like behaviors and PFC malondialdehyde (MDA) level were measured using elevated plus maze and spectrophotometry, respectively. One-way ANOVA, person’s correlation, and independent t-tests were used. P-value \(<\)0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
Ke 100 mg/kg (p < 0.05), Ke 200 mg/kg (p < 0.01), and Ke 300 mg/kg (p < 0.01) reduced open arm entry. Ke 100 mg/kg (p < 0.01), Ke 200 mg/kg (p < 0.01), and 300 mg/kg (p < 0. 01) also reduced open arm duration. Ke 200 mg/kg (p < 0.01) and Ke 300 mg/kg (p < 0.001) increased right PFC MDA level.
Conclusions
Ke showed anxiety-like behaviors and increased PFC MDA level. Further studies are needed on the PFC neurochemicals effects of this extract.
The efficacy of bandage contact lens in relieving the aggravation of dry eye disease after complicated cataract or/and IOL surgery
Authors: Chen Dan , Xu Dejian , Wu Xingdi , Wang Jingwen , Sheng Siting , Yu Xuewen , Lin Xueqi , Liu Lirui , Ge Xian , Zhao Huiling , Xu Wen
Published: June 2023

Purpose
In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the bandage contact lens (BCL) in the treatment of dry eye disease (DED) after complicated cataract or/and intraocular lens (IOL) surgery.
Methods
In this retrospective, single-centered, observational study, we collected data from 69 patients who underwent complicated cataract or/and IOL surgery. Of these, 35 cases wore their own bandage contact lenses (BCLs) immediately after the operation, while the other 34 cases did not have their own BCLs and were instead covered with gauze.Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, slit-lamp microscope examination, keratograph analysis, and Schirmer I test were measured at baseline and 1 month postoperatively.
Results
In the BCL group, the score of the OSDI questionnaire was significantly decreased 1 week and 1 month postoperatively compared with baseline levels (P = 0.000, collectively). Moreover, the fluorescein staining score of the BCL group was remarkably decreased 1- week and 1- month postoperatively compared with the non-BCL group (P = 0.000 and P = 0.000, respectively). Furthermore, the redness score of the BCL group was also better compared with the non-BCL group 1 week and 1 month postoperatively (P = 0.014 and P = 0.004, respectively).
Conclusions
Complicated cataract or/and IOL surgery would intensify the DED. Early application of BCLs postoperatively improved patient comfort and alleviated dry eye symptoms and signs. Furthermore, this mechanism might involve the acceleration of corneal epithelial healing, the alleviation of ocular stress response, and the stabilization of the tear film.
Artificial intelligence-based optimization for ring-opening metathesis polymerization of proton exchange membrane
Authors: Feng Zhiming , Jin Shan , Xiang Hang , Li Da , Sun Shuai , Zhang Huagui , Chen Yi
Published: June 2023

The proton exchange membrane (PEM) is one of the significant components in PEM fuel cells. However, conventional synthesis experiments for proton exchange membrane (PEM) require considerable workload and time due to complicated conditions and various influencing factors. Here we initially utilized artificial intelligence (AI) techniques based on the artificial wolf pack algorithm (AWPA) to optimize the synthesis reaction conditions of the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) reaction of norbornene derivatives for PEM preparation. An empirical model was established based on four variables, including temperature, reaction time, catalyst amount and ratio of reactants, with two fitness functions, including molecular weight (MW) and molecular weight distribution (MWD). Four trend indices were used, including the mean average precision (mAP), the mean, standard deviation (mSTD), the moving mean of the average precision (mmAP) and the moving mean of standard derivation (mmSD). The theoretical optimum values of operating conditions were obtained successfully, including reactant ratio (0.71), temperature (41.23 oC), catalyst content (0.20) and reaction time (47.94 min). The method in this paper helps optimize PEM preparation conditions and guides a database for AI-aid ROMP reactions.
Gestational diabetes knowledge improves with interactive online training modules: a pre-post analysis
Authors: Krutilova Petra , Williams Roxann , Morey Rebecca , Field Carole , Byrth Veronda , Tepe Melissa , McQueen Amy , Herrick Cynthia
Published: June 2023

Background
The risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is up to 50% among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM also increases risks for pre-term birth, macrosomia, fetal hypoglycemia, and C-section delivery. Education for expectant mothers with GDM about nutrition, exercise, and the risks of developing T2DM after delivery enhances the probability of postpartum diabetes screening. However, the availability of diabetes education is limited. To bridge this gap, our team developed four training modules on GDM tailored for nurses and community health workers. This pilot study assesses changes in knowledge, self-efficacy for providing diabetes education, attitudes, and intentions to recommend diabetes prevention before and after training completion.
Methods
These interactive online modules, each lasting 45–60 minutes and featuring engaging case studies and integrated knowledge assessment questions, were disseminated through various professional organizations to clinical staff providing care for women with GDM. Optional pre- and post-training surveys were conducted to gauge the effectiveness of the modules. Collected data did not follow a normal distribution pattern. We provided an overview of the baseline characteristics of the population, self-efficacy, attitudes, intentions, and GDM knowledge by calculating the median scores and interquartile ranges. We assessed the changes in scores on self-efficacy, attitudes, intentions, and GDM knowledge before and after training using non-parametric Wilcoxon matched-pair signed rank tests.
Results
Eighty-two individuals completed baseline evaluation and 20 individuals accessed all modules and completed post-training assessments. Among those completing the training, improvement was noted in GDM knowledge [56.5% (16.0) v. 78.3% (22.0), p < 0.001], Self-efficacy for providing diabetes education [6.60 (2.73) v. 9.33 (0.87), p < 0.001], attitudes toward the value of tight control [4.07 (0.79) v. 4.43 (0.86), p = 0.003], and intentions to recommend diabetes prevention measures [4.81 (0.63) v. 5.00 (0.00), p = 0.009)].
Conclusions
Completion of our interactive online modules improved knowledge, intention to recommend diabetes prevention methods, self-efficacy to provide diabetes education, and attitudes toward the value of tight control among individuals caring for women with GDM. Enhanced accessibility to such curricula is crucial to improve access to diabetes education.
Trial registration
This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT04474795.
Green Gospel Effect of Local Financial Expansion: Evidence from Urban Commercial Banks in China
Authors: Song Kaiyi , Bian Yuanchao
Published: June 2023

China's local financial expansion, represented by the development of urban commercial banks, is an important factor affecting the environmental behavior of enterprises, but previous studies have paid less attention to this. We found that both the marginal expansion and the scale expansion of local finance in China help to reduce the sulfur dioxide emission intensity and improve the environmental performance of enterprises, which indicates that there is a green gospel effect of local financial expansion in China. In terms of the impact path, local financial expansion can not only reduce the sulfur dioxide generation intensity, improve the front environmental performance of enterprises; but also increase the sulfur dioxide removal intensity and improve the terminal environmental performance. However, in the context of high fiscal pressure on local governments, local financial expansion exacerbates sulfur dioxide emission and generation intensity of enterprises, worsening environmental performance and creating a green curse effect. Further study finds that the cross-regional expansion of urban commercial banks can strengthen the green gospel effect; the improvement of enterprises’ environmental performance by local financial expansion is mainly found in polluting industries and non-SOEs.
Chromatin Structural Characteristics as an Evidence of Nonhomologous End Joining Repair Pathway Promoting TMPRSS2-ERG Gene Fusion in Prostatic Cancer
Authors: Xu Linfeng , Pan Shen , Huang Haifeng , Fu Yao , Zhang Qing , Zhuang Junlong , Qiu Xuefeng , Gan Weidong , Guo Hongqian
Published: June 2023

Background
TMPRSS2-ERG fusion is the most prevalent gene rearrangement found in prostate cancer and has been linked to prostate carcinogenesis. To investigate the formation mechanism of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion, we performed gene sequencing on ERG fusion prostate cancer and compared them with the normal gene sequence of the Hg19 human genome in the UCSC database.
Methods
We utilized online tools such as QGRS Mapper, QmRLFS-finder, and Palindrome analyzer to predict the possible secondary structures near the fusion point within a range of ± 200bp. We searched for micro-homologous structures in the vicinity of the TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion point and compared fusion genes with normal genes to identify any base deletions, template insertions, or gene scars formed during the fusion of TMPRSS2 and ERG.
Results
In all cases, the TMPRSS2-ERG gene breakpoints were primarily flanked by cruciform DNA structures, and in some cases, by G-quadruplexes. There were no microhomology structures lost and no base pairs increased during the repair. Blunt junction at the breakpoint was the main linkage approach of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion.
Conclusions
Cruciform DNA structures and G-quadruplexes were the main reason for the failure of homologous recombination repair after TMPRSS2 and ERG gene breakage. The microhomology-mediated end-joining repair was also ruled out due to no microhomology structure loss. Therefore, it can be inferred that TMPRSS2 and ERG breaks are repaired by Nonhomologous End Joining rather than Micro-homologous Mediated End Joining.
Density and Public Transit – Victims of COVID-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Grover Himanshu
Published: June 2023

In recent decades, urban development policies in the Pacific Northwest and elsewhere in the US have distinctly shifted toward promoting sustainable development with higher densities and greater access to public transit. However, these characteristics of the built environment promote COVID-19 transmission owing to greater contact between infected and uninfected individuals. There is growing concern that fear of virus transmission may result in decreased public support for sustainable development. This study analyzes data from a survey conducted in April–May 2022 in Seattle region. The findings suggest that concern about COVID-19 transmission is negatively related to public policy support for higher densityand greater access to public transit. These results are troubling for sustainability advocates because decreased public support may undermine the sustainability agenda. A shift from denser urban areas to low-density suburban communities and from public to individual transportation will result in unsustainable development with long-term negative environmental consequences.
Monoclonal Antibodies in Idiopathic Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia: A Scoping Review
Authors: Murillo Andrea Dionelly , Castrillon Ana Isabel , Serrano Carlos Daniel , Fernandez-Trujillo Liliana
Published: June 2023

Background
Idiopathic chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (ICEP) is a rare disease characterized by pulmonary radiological alterations, peripheral eosinophilia, and demonstrated pulmonary eosinophilia. Oral steroids (OSs) are the standard management, but relapses occur in up to 50% of patients during the decrease or suspension of steroids, usually requiring reinitiation of treatment, exposing patients to secondary events derived from the management. Management with monoclonal antibodies has been proposed in these cases to control the disease and limit the secondary effects. The objective is to describe the extent and type of evidence regarding the use of monoclonal antibodies for ICEP.
Methods
A panoramic review of the literature was performed. Observational and experimental studies of pediatric and adult populations that managed recurrent ICEP with monoclonal antibodies were included. Data search, selection, and extraction were performed by two independent reviewers.
Results
937 studies were found. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 37 titles remained for the final analysis: a retrospective, observational, real-life study, two case series publications, and 34 case reports published in academic poster sessions and letters to the editor. In general, the use of monoclonal antibodies approved for severe asthma could be useful for the control of ICEP, since most of the results show a good response for clinical and radiological outcomes. Biological drugs seem to be a safer option for controlling relapses in ICEP, allowing lowering/suspension of OSs, and sometimes replacing them in patients intolerant to them, patients with significant comorbidities, and patients who have already developed adverse events.
Conclusion
The extent of the evidence supporting management of ICEP with monoclonal antibodies against IL-5 and IgE (omalizumab) is limited, but it could be promising in patients who present frequent relapses, in cortico-dependent individuals, or in patients in whom the use of steroids is contraindicated. The extent of the evidence for management with dupilumab is more limited. Studies with better design and structure are needed to evaluate quality of life and outcomes during a clear follow-up period. To our knowledge, this is the first scoping review of the literature showing the extent of the evidence for the management of ICEP with monoclonal antibodies.
Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm: Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment with Potential of Venetoclax as an Alternative to Vincristine in High-Risk Patients-A case report
Authors: Syed Naveed , Jaber Waed Mohammad , Elkonaissi Islam Samir , Mirza Imran , Damlaj Moussab
Published: June 2023

Background: Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and challenging cancer for diagnosis and treatment. Accurate diagnosis plays a crucial role guiding appropriate treatment, typically involving high-intensity lymphoblastic leukemia regimens which typically include vincristine. However, the use of vincristine may be particularly limited in patients with pre-existing neuropathy or individuals at high risk of developing it. Here, we present a case of BPDCN that was initially diagnosed as Marginal Zone Lymphoma (MZL) and subsequently as non-specific T-cell lymphoma, thus highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and modified treatment.
Case presentation: A 49-year-old Arab man with a medical history of diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, hypertension, and depression presented with widespread, painless multiple skin lesions. After undergoing a biopsy at another institution, the patient was initially diagnosed with MZL, and received two cycles of bendamustine and rituximab. However, the disease relapsed and was later diagnosed with non-specific T-cell lymphoma, which proved refractory to a single cycle of CHOP chemotherapy. The patient was subsequently referred to our centre, where a comprehensive evaluation revealed BPDCN with a unique finding on bone marrow exam: signet ring plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Due to the patient's pre-existing neuropathy and previous treatment, we administered the Hyper-CVAD regimen with a 50% reduction in vincristine dosage, which resulted in an excellent response. During the second part of cycle one, when new skin lesions started appearing, venetoclax was added to the treatment regimen. Subsequently, vincristine was completely removed, and venetoclax was continued in cycle two, leading to a complete response. The patient achieved a disease-free state for the first time in disease course, maintaining it for a period of over six weeks before experiencing a relapse.
Conclusion: Accurate diagnosis is crucial for guiding appropriate treatment. Our case highlights the challenges associated with diagnosis and treatment, as well as the potential of venetoclax as an alternative to vincristine, particularly in patients with pre-existing neuropathy or those at a high risk of developing it. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of BCL2 inhibitors as a replacement for essential drugs and its potential as a bridging therapy until patients can undergo a stem cell transplant.Top of Form
FKBP5 activates mitophagy by ablating PPAR-γ to shape a benign remyelination environment
Authors: Sun Xingzong , Qian Menghan , Li Hongliang , Wang Lei , Zhao Yunjie , Yin Min , Dai Lili , Bao Hongkun
Published: June 2023

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is characterized by myelin damage followed by axonal and ultimately neuronal loss, which has been found to be associated with mitophagy. The etiology and physiopathology of MS remain elusive. However, the role of FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5, also called FKBP51), a newly identified gene associated with MS, in the progression of the disease has not been well defined. Here, we observed that the progress of myelin loss and regeneration in Fkbp5ko mice treated with demyelination for the same amount of time was significantly slower than in wild-type mice and that mitophagy plays an important regulatory role in this process. To investigate the mechanism, we discovered that the levels of FKBP5 protein were greatly enhanced in the CNS of cuprizone (CPZ) mice and found that the myelin-denuded environment stimulates significant activation of the PINK1-Parkin pathway of mitophagy, in which the important regulator, PPAR-γ, is critically regulated by FKBP5. This study reveals the role of FKBP5 in regulating a dynamic pathway of natural restorative regulation of mitophagy through PPAR-γ in pathological demyelinating settings, which may provide potential targets for the treatment of demyelinating diseases.
IgM N-glycosylation correlates with COVID-19 severity and rate of complement deposition
Authors: Haslund-Gourley Benjamin , Woloszcuk Kyra , Hou Jintong , Connors Jennifer , Cusimano Gina , Bell Mathew , Taramangalam Bhavani , Fourati Slim , Mege Nathan , Bernui Mariana , Altman Matthew , Krammer Florian , Bakel Harm van , Maecker Holden , Wigdahl Brian , Cairns Charles , Haddad Elias , Comunale Mary
Published: June 2023

The glycosylation of IgG plays a critical role during human SARS-CoV-2, activating immune cells and inducing cytokine production. However, the role of IgM N-glycosylation has not been studied during acute viral infection in humans. In vitro evidence suggests that the glycosylation of IgM inhibits T cell proliferation and alters complement activation rates. The analysis of IgM N-glycosylation from healthy controls and hospitalized COVID-19 patients reveals that mannosylation and sialyation levels associate with COVID-19 severity. Specifically, we find increased di- and tri-sialylated glycans and altered mannose glycans in total serum IgM in severe COVID-19 patients when compared to moderate COVID-19 patients. This is in direct contrast with the decrease of sialic acid found on the serum IgG from the same cohorts. Moreover, the degree of mannosylation and sialylation correlated significantly with markers of disease severity: D-dimer, BUN, creatinine, potassium, and early anti-COVID-19 amounts of IgG, IgA, and IgM. Further, IL-16 and IL-18 cytokines showed similar trends with the amount of mannose and sialic acid present on IgM, implicating these cytokines' potential to impact glycosyltransferase expression during IgM production. When examining PBMC mRNA transcripts, we observe a decrease in the expression of Golgi mannosidases that correlates with the overall reduction in mannose processing we detect in the IgM N-glycosylation profile. Importantly, we found that IgM contains alpha-2,3 linked sialic acids in addition to the previously reported alpha-2,6 linkage. We also report that antigen-specific IgM antibody-dependent complement deposition is elevated in severe COVID-19 patients. Taken together, this work links the immunoglobulin M N-glycosylation with COVID-19 severity and highlights the need to understand the connection between IgM glycosylation and downstream immune function during human disease.
Loss of ELAVL2 is associated with aggressive mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma
Authors: Kim Yona , You Ji Hyeon , Ryu Yeonjoo , Park Gyuri , Lee Urim , Moon Hyo Eun , Park Hye Ran , Song Chang , Ku Ja-Lok , Park Sung-Hye , Paek Sun Ha
Published: June 2023

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most lethal type of primary brain cancer, is characterized by cellular and molecular plasticity, which leads to intratumoral heterogeneity and hinders effective treatment. However, the regulation of such plasticity, including mesenchymal (MES) transition, is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the RNA-binding protein ELAVL2 regulates aggressive MES transformation in GBM. ELAVL2 was most frequently deleted in GBM compared to other cancers and associated with distinct clinical and molecular features. ELAVL2-mediated transcriptomic alterations were indicative of GBM subtype signatures. Expression of ELAVL2 negatively correlated with that of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes, and its loss promoted the EMT process and chemo-resistance. Tissue microarray analysis revealed that high ELAVL2 protein expression level confers a favorable survival in GBM patients. On a molecular level, ELAVL2 regulated the expression of EMT-inhibitory molecules SH3GL3 and DNM3. Overall, these findings demonstrate ELAVL2 as a critical tumor suppressor that regulates MES transition in GBM, highlighting its role in transcriptomic plasticity and glioma progression.
Liposomal irinotecan plus fluorouracil/leucovorin in older patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Nagashima Shuhei , Kobayashi Satoshi , Tsunoda Shotaro , Yamachika Yui , Tozuka Yuichiro , Fukushima Taito , Morimoto Manabu , Ueno Makoto , Furuse Junji , Maeda Shin
Published: June 2023

Background: The global phase 3 NAPOLI -1 trial of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma demonstrated an overall survival (OS) benefit from using liposomal irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (nal-IRI+5-FU/LV) after treatment with gemcitabine when compared to 5-FU/LV alone. However, the efficacy and safety of this regimen in older patients are not well studied.
Methods: This single-center retrospective study compared results of nal-IRI+5FU/LV between older and younger patients.
Results: Of 115 patients, 54 (47.0%) and 24 (20.9%) were aged ≥70 and ≥75 years, respectively. The median OS and progression-free survival of the entire cohort were 8.5 and 3.6 months, respectively. There were no significant differences in OS and PFS hazard ratios using cutoffs of 70 years (P = 0.90 and 0.99, respectively) and 75 years (P = 0.90 and 0.76, respectively). There were also no significant differences in the incidence of treatment-related adverse events between patients aged ≥70 and <70 years, or those aged ≥75 and <75 years. Other than hematological toxicity, no treatment-related adverse events higher than Grade 4 were observed in either age group.
Conclusion: The efficacy and safety of nal-IRI+5-FU/LV for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma are not significantly different for patients aged 70 years and older compared to younger patients.
The chicken cGAS-STING pathway exerts interferon independent antiviral function via cell apoptosis
Authors: Jiang Sen , Lv Mengjia , Zhang Desheng , Cao Qi , Xia Nengwen , Luo Jia , Zheng Wanglong , Chen Nanhua , Meurens François , Zhu Jianzhong
Published: June 2023

It has been recently recognized that the DNA sensing innate immune cGAS-STING pathway exerts an IFN-independent antiviral function; however, whether and how chicken STING (chSTING) exerts such an IFN-independent antiviral activity is still unknown. Here, we showed that chSTING exerts an antiviral activity in both mammalian cells and chicken cells, either with or without the production of IFN. On the other hand, chSTING was able to trigger cell apoptosis and autophagy independently of IFN, and the apoptosis inhibitors instead of autophagy inhibitors could antagonize the antiviral function of chSTING, suggesting the involvement of apoptosis in the IFN independent antiviral function. In addition, chSTING lost its antiviral function in IRF7 knockout chicken macrophages, indicating that IRF7 is not only essential for the production of IFN, but also participates in the other activities of chSTING, such as the apoptosis. Collectively, our results showed that chSTING exerts the antiviral function independently of IFN, likely via the apoptosis.
Accuracy assessment and uncertainty of the 10 meter resolution land use land cover maps at local scale. Case: talassemtane national park, Morocco
Authors: Chemchaoui Abdelazziz , Brhadda Najiba , Alaoui Hassana Ismaili , Souad El Gazi , Bouchra El Asri , Rabea Ziri
Published: June 2023

Global Land use land cover (LULC) maps play an important role in monitoring forest 1 dynamics and are a tool for any spatial planner. More and more institutes are interested in the 2 production of such maps, especially with high-resolution imagery freely available and the emergence 3 of new techniques. But they should be submitted to an accuracy assessment for accurate and better 4 use at the local scale. The two products that are the subject of this study are ESA Worldcover 2020 5 and ESRI Landcover 2020. These two products have been subjected to an accuracy assessment in 6 Talassemtane National Park(TNP). The results showed an overall accuracy of 58.06% for the ESA 7 product and 78.97% for the ESRI product. In addition, the Area-based accuracy was conducted to 8 adjust each class’s area and evaluate uncertainty. Finally, the spatial agreement between the two 9 products showed a result of 66,43 % at the local level in the TNP. This work will be used for research 10 studies in the Talassemtane National Park area, particularly for evaluating ecosystem services.
The patient-specific mouse model with Foxg1 frameshift mutation uncovers the pathophysiology of FOXG1 syndrome
Authors: Park Jaein , Moon Ji Hwan , O’Shea Holly , Shin Dongjun , Hwang Seon Ung , Li Liwen , Lee Hyojong , Brimble Elise , Lee Jae , Clark Stewart , Lee Soo-Kyung , Jeon Shin
Published: June 2023

Single allelic mutations in the gene encoding the forebrain-specific transcription factor FOXG1 lead to FOXG1 syndrome (FS). Patient-specific animal models are needed to understand the etiology of FS, as FS patients show a wide spectrum of symptoms correlated with location and mutation type in the FOXG1 gene. Here we report the first patient-specific FS mouse model, Q84Pfs heterozygous (Q84Pfs-Het) mice, mimicking one of the most predominant single nucleotide variants in FS. Intriguingly, we found that Q84Pfs-Het mice faithfully recapitulate human FS phenotypes at the cellular, brain structural, and behavioral levels. Importantly, Q84Pfs-Het mice exhibited myelination deficits like FS patients. Further, our transcriptome analysis of Q84Pfs-Het cortex revealed a new role for FOXG1 in synapse and oligodendrocyte development. The dysregulated genes in Q84Pfs-Het brains also predicted motor dysfunction and autism-like phenotypes. Correspondingly, Q84Pfs-Het mice showed movement deficits, repetitive behaviors, increased anxiety, and prolonged behavior arrest. Together, our study revealed the crucial postnatal role of FOXG1 in neuronal maturation and myelination and elucidated the essential pathophysiology mechanisms of FS.
Fusobacterium detected in Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma tissues
Authors: Tahara Tomomitsu , Shijimaya Takuya , Yamazaki Jumpei , Kobayashi Sanshiro , Horitani Anna , Matsumoto Yasushi , Nakamura Naohiro , Okazaki Takashi , Takahashi Yu , Tomiyama Takashi , Honzawa Yusuke , Fukata Norimasa , Fukui Toshiro , Naganuma Makoto
Published: June 2023

Possible correlation of microbiota with Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) remain unclear. Previous studies have linked Fusobacterium species to colon and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. We examined Fusobacterium species in BE tissues of patients without and those with EAC as well as EAC tissues and also investigated its association with molecular changes, such as TP53 mutation status, telomere length and DNA methylation status. Using three different groups of biopsies obtained from non-neoplastic BE from patients without cancer (n=67; N group), with EAC (n=27; ADJ group) and EAC (n=22; T group), Fusobacterium nucreatum (F. nucleatum) and whole Fusobacterium species (Pan-fusobacterium) were examined by quantitative real-time PCR. Data were correlated with clinical and molecular characteristics. F. nucleatum was detectable in 31.8% (7/22) of T group, but not in ADJ and N groups. The amount of Pan-fusobacterium was significantly higher in T group compared to that in both ADJ and N groups (P=0.002, 0.017, respectively), while it was not significantly different among ADJ and N groups. Higher amount of Pan-fusobacterium in EAC tissues seemed to be closely associated with higher T stage (P=0.001), lymphatic invasion positive (P=0.02) and lymph node metastasis positive cases (P=0.007) and TP53 mutation negative cases (P=0.004). Higher amount of Pan-fusobacterium in non-neoplastic BE tissues (ADJ and N groups) was correlated with presence of hital hernia (P=0.04) and telomere shortening (R=-0.22, P=0.024). Our result suggested the pathogenic role of Fusobacterium species in the EAC and BE, featuring clinicopatological and molecular changes.
Trust-Based Mechanism for the Isolation of Sink Hole Attack in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Sharma Swedika , Singh Arvind Kumar , Bharti Vishal
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a two-stage technique for detecting malicious nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) where a centralized controller is absent. WSNs are dynamic networks that allow nodes to join or leave, making them vulnerable to sinkhole attacks. In this type of attack, an attacker node pretends to be a sink and intercepts data packets. The proposed technique first determines the presence of the attacker node in the network and then identifies the malicious node. The effectiveness of the technique is evaluated using NS2 simulation, considering metrics such as throughput, packet loss, and delay. The results demonstrate that the developed methodology outperforms traditional methods in detecting malicious nodes.
Copper IUD does not increase incidence of vaginal and pelvic infection; internal vaginal douching does: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed , Youssef Ahmed Alaa , Shaaban Omar Mamdouh , Kamal Mariam , Shaltout Asmaa , Abbas Ahmed Mohamed
Published: June 2023

Background: We compared the rate, type, and severity of vulvovaginitis in women who are practicing internal vaginal douching (IVD) or not while using an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD).
A cross-sectional study on 604 consecutive attendees of the outpatient clinics using IUCD for at least 6 months prior to recruitment. Eligible participants were divided into two groups. Group I (302 women) performing IVD and group II (302 women) not practicing this habit (NIVD). The frequency of vaginal infections in IUCD users who perform IVD compared to women who were abstaining from this habit was our primary outcome.
Results: IUCD users who were practicing IVD more frequent history of vaginal infection (VI) compared with NIVD-IUCD users {260 (88.1%) versus 151(43.4%); respectively} (P<0.001). Current diagnosis of VI was significantly higher in IVD group (275; 91.05%) compared to NIVD group (115; 38.1%) (P<0.001). Bacterial vaginosis was the most common infection (287; 47.5%) followed by candida vulvovaginitis (278; 46.03%). Moreover, both types of infections were significantly more common in IVD.
Conclusion: IUCD does not increase the rate of VI; but IVD does either with or without IUCD. When VI encountered with IUCD, bacterial vaginosis is the most common type followed by candida infection.
Electrochemical and Microbial Decolourization of Congo Red Dye-contaminated Wastewater: Experimental and Computational Studies
Authors: Anene Chikwado Emmanuel , Oguzie Kanayo L. , Ogbulie Toochukwu E. , Akalezi Chris O. , Oguzie Emeka E.
Published: June 2023

The decolourization of congo red (CR) dye-contaminated wastewater was carried out by indirect electrochemical oxidation (IEO) and microbial degradation processes. The effect of various electrochemical parameters such as anode materials, current densities, supporting electrolytes, electrolyte concentrations and pH on the degradation of CR dye were investigated. Microbial degradation was accomplished using indigenous isolates, including Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Bacillus sphaericus, Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus lentus, Erwinia sp., Bacillus pumilus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger, under varied conditions of mineral salt and time. The results of the IEO experiment show the copper anode to be more effective than the graphite anode in degrading CR dye. At the same time, the degradation rate of the dye increased with current density, electrolytes concentration and pH. The microbial degradation of CR dye increased with time, and dye to mineral salt ratio – 2:1 enhanced the degradation rate. Density functional theory (DFT) computation was deployed to investigate the degradation mechanism of CR dye which revealed the sulfonate moeity, azo chromophore and amide group to be the most susceptible sites for attack by oxidizing species.
Comparison of Mechanical Isolation Procedures of Stromal Vascular Fraction through Five Different Commercial Device
Authors: Koçak Polen , Canikyan Serli , Denizci Yağız , Beksaç Burak , Kul Yaren , Tiryaki Tunç
Published: June 2023

Regenerative medicine has gained immense popularity in recent years due to its potential in treating various degenerative and inflammatory conditions, including osteoarthritis (OA). Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) have been identified as promising cell sources in the field of regenerative medicine and orthopedics. Adipose tissue is an abundant and easily accessible source of MSCs, making it an attractive alternative to other sources, such as bone marrow. SVF is a heterogeneous population of cells that includes MSCs, endothelial cells, pericytes, and immune cells, among others. SVF can be obtained through enzymatic digestion of adipose tissue or by mechanical means, such as centrifugation or filtration. The advantage of mechanical methods is that they have fewer regulatory restrictions and are cost-effective for clinical use. Several commercial systems are available for the mechanical isolation of SVF, including Lipogems, Lipocell, Mystem, Lipocube Nano, and Lipocube Hybrid. However, there is limited data comparing the effectiveness of these systems in yielding viable cells with optimal regenerative potential. Therefore, this study aimed to compare these five commercial systems in terms of cell yield, cellular activity, and differentiation capacity.
Passivity of gypsum application on soil pH and its significance on exchangeable calcium, available sulphur and yield of paddy, maize and groundnut under different soil conditions
Authors: Prakash Nagabovanalli B. , Dhumgond Prabhudev , Shruthi . , Goiba Pema Khandu , Laxmanarayanan M , GS Yogesh
Published: June 2023

Changes in the pH of acidic, neutral, and alkaline soils in response to various rates and types of gypsum such as slag-based gypsum (SBG) and commercial gypsum (CG), and their effects on soil exchangeable calcium (Ca2+) & available sulphur (S) and yield of different crops were studied in field conditions. Statistical investigation such as linear regression model was used to know the relationship of gypsum application with crop yield revealed that application of SBG and CG was positively and significantly regressed with the yield of paddy, maize and groundnut in all the soils. Significant linear relationship with the pH of acid and neutral soils of paddy have been noticed with application of SBG and CG. Paddy grown in alkaline soil and maize grown in acid and neutral soils had a significant relationship between pH and SBG & CG application. Increased rate of application of SBG as basal and split significantly increased the kernel yield of groundnut. Application of SBG and CG linearly and significantly increased the exchangeable Ca2+ and available S content of soils in which paddy, maize and groundnut were grown. Acid soils responded well in increasing exchangeable Ca2+ and available S compared to other paddy, maize and groundnut soils. Linear relationship was noticed between exchangeable Ca2+ and pH of acid soils paddy, maize and groundnut as influenced by SBG and CG. Whereas, exchangeable Ca2+ content of alkaline soils of paddy also regressed strongly with pH. An increase in available S increased the soil pH of paddy, maize and groundnut, but it was significant with neutral soils of paddy and maize.
HIV Knowledge, Self-Perception of HIV Risk, and Sexual Risk Behaviors among Male Tajik Labor Migrants who inject Drugs in Moscow
Authors: Luc Casey Morgan , Levy Judith , Bakhromov Mahbat , Jonbekov Jonbek , Mackesy-Amiti Mary E.
Published: June 2023

Background: The interplay of HIV knowledge and self-perception of risk for HIV among people who inject drugs is complex and understudied, especially among temporary migrant workers (MWID) who inject drugs while in a host country. In Russia, Tajik migrants make up the largest proportion of Moscow’s foreign labor. Yet, HIV knowledge and self-perceived risk in association with sexual risk behavior among Tajik MWID in Moscow remains unknown.
Objective: This research examines knowledge about HIV transmission, self-perception of HIV risk, and key psychosocial factors that possibly contribute to sexual risk behaviors among male Tajik MWIDs living in Moscow.
Methods: Structured interviews were conducted with 420 male Tajik MWIDs. Modified Poisson regression models investigated possible associations between major risk factors and HIV sexual risk behavior.
Results: Of the 420 MWIDs, 255 men (61%) reported sexual activity in the last 30 days. Level of HIV knowledge was not associated in either direction with condom use or risky sexual partnering, as measured by sex with multiple partners or female sex workers. Higher self-perceived HIV risk predicted less risky sexual partnering, but not condom use. Depression and police-enacted societal stigma were positively associated with risky sexual partnering, while loneliness and depression were associated with condomless sex.
Conclusions: HIV prevention programing for male Tajik MWIDs must go beyond solely educating about factors associated with HIV transmission to include increased awareness of personal risk based on engaging in these behaviors. Additionally, psychological services to counter loneliness, depression, and societal stigma through police harassment are needed.
Improving maternal and child nutrition services in Community based Health Planning and Services zones in the Jirapa municipality of northern Ghana- Challenges and strategies: The perspective of community health officers
Authors: Tengepare Francis Xavier , Chirawurah Dennis , Apanga Stephen
Published: June 2023

Background
The Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) initiative plays a key role in delivering maternal and child health nutrition services in Ghana. This study explored bottle necks associated with delivering maternal and child nutrition services and strategies to address them at the CHPS zones from the perspective of community health workers in rural Northern Ghana.
Methods
An exploratory qualitative cross-sectional study design using key informant interviews involving the municipal nutrition officer and Community Health Officers (CHOs) from eleven CHPS zones was carried out in April 2019. Manual data analysis was done using the framework analysis approach in qualitative data analysis for applied policy research.
Results
Participants identified challenges and strategies to be first: municipal health directorate based which consisted of logistics/medicines; training; supervision/monitoring; and financial support/motivation/incentives and second: CHPS zones based which comprised of planning; home visits; commitment; and community meetings/engagement.
Conclusion
In order to improve maternal and child nutrition services at CHPS zones, there is the need to address certain systemic challenges at both the municipal or district health directorate and CHPS zones levels of the primary health care system. It is therefore recommended that the Ministry of Health, the Ghana Health Service and other stakeholders involved in improving maternal and child nutrition services at the community level actively engage CHOs to help address the systemic challenges.