bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytocidal activities of hiv-1 vpr and saclp peptides bioassayed in yeast
Authors: Macreadie I. G. , Kirkpatrick 'A. , Strike 'P. M. , Azad A. A.
Published: October 2022

Vpr is a protein of HIV-1 whose function in viral replication has been uncertain. In this study we have determined that Vpr peptides containing the amino acid sequence HFRIGCRHSRIG are cytocidal when added externally to yeast cells in water, but not salt solutions. For the most effective toxicity, HFRIGCRHSRIG should be surrounded on each side by about eight amino acids from the native sequence. A peptide from the most similar cellular protein, Saclp, also exhibited toxicity but at a five-fold weaker level.
CNBR-induced formation of tryptathionine in proteins
Authors: Sparrow L.G. , Robinson C.P. , Kirkpatrick A. , Rivett D.E. , Gorman J.J.
Published: October 2022

Cleavage of peptide bonds at methionine using cyanogen bromide under acid conditions is widely used in structural studies of proteins. Here we report a novel reaction in which a cross-link, tryptathionine, involving tryptophan and cysteine, may be introduced into certain proteins through the action of cyanogen bromide under acidic conditions. The reaction has been demonstrated both with free cysteine and with cysteine-containing peptides.
FMOC-and NSC-groups as a base labile n(a)-amino protection: a comparative study in the automated SPPS
Authors: Samukov Vladimir V. , Sabirov Aydar N. , Kim Young-Deug , Kim Hack-Joo
Published: October 2022

Base-labile 2-(4-nitrophenylsulfonyl)ethoxycarbonyl (Nsc) and 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) groups are compared as a temporary N(a)-amino protection in the automated SPPS ofIFN-a2(130-137), ACP(65-74) and ACTH(l-24) on MilliGen 9050+ PepSynthesizer™. The syntheses were performed on PEG-PS and Wang PS resins using standard BOP/DlEA protocol with some modifications. HPLC profiles of the crude peptides and isolated yields resulted from both Nsc and Fmoc assemblies were almost identical for the three test peptides.
Identification of an esterase from bacillus acidocaldarius with sequence similarity to a hormone sensitive lipase subfamily
Authors: Rossi Mos , Manco Giuseppe , Adinolti Elena , Pisani Francesca M. , Carratore Vitale
Published: October 2022

We purified an esterase from Bacillus acidocaldarius whose NH2-terminal sequence corresponds to an open reading frame (ORF) previously reported to show homology with the mammalian hormone sensitive lipase (HSL)-like subgroup of the esterase/lipase family. The enzyme displays esterase but not lipase activity. For this enzyme we predicted the w',8-hydrolase topological fold common to several esterases and lipases and identified Ser 155, Asp 252 and His 282 as the putative members of the catalytic triad.
High-level expression and efficient purification of the antimicrobial peptide gaegurin 4 in e. coli
Authors: Lee Byeong Jae , Kim Jiyoung , Park Jin Mo
Published: October 2022

Gaegurin 4 (GGN4), an antimicrobial peptide isolated from Rana rugosa skin, was expressed in Escherichia coli as a form of inactive glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion polypeptide. Recombinant GGN4 was obtained by enzymatic and chemical processing of the fusion protein and purification of the processed products by affinity chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 2.2 mg of biologically active recombinant GGN4 was obtained from 7 liters of E. coli culture. .This strategy may be applied to preparation of other recombinant peptides which cause host cell toxicity.
Purification and crystallization of a 2,3- dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase ETBC from rhodococcus	sp. strain	rhal
Authors: Mitsui Yukio , Sugimoto Keisuke , Yamada Takahiro , Hauschild James E. , Senda Toshiya , Masai Eiji , Fukuda Masao
Published: October 2022

Crystals have been obtained for a 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase (conventionally called EtbC) from a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-degrader,Rhodococcus sp. strain RHAI. The crystals were grown using PEG400 as a precipitating agent. The crystals belonged to a tetragonal space group (f 4) and diffracted to 2.6A.
Lack of Benefit of High Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy as Ceiling of Treatment for Severe COVID-19 Pneumonitis in Elderly Frail Patients: A Single Centre Observational Study
Authors: Merchant Fatema , Mavilakandy Akash , Virk Harvinder S. , Khan Sajid , Tsaknis Georgios , Naeem Muhammad , Mallik Srikumar , Datson Kirsty , Reddy Raja
Published: October 2022

Background:

Severe COVID-19 pneumonitis in elderly frail patients is associated with poor outcomes, and therefore invasive mechanical ventilation is often deemed an inappropriate course of action. Some evidence suggests high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) may prevent the need for invasive ventilation in other groups of patients, but whether it is an appropriate ceiling of care for older frail patients is unknown.

Methods:

We retrospectively identified patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonitis requiring FiO2>60% who were deemed inappropriate for invasive ventilation or non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure ventilation (CPAP). Our local protocol based on national guidance suggested these patients should be considered for HFNO. We observed whether the patients received HFNO or standard oxygen therapy (SOT) and compared mortality and survival time in these groups.

Results:

We identified 81 patients meeting the inclusion criteria. From this group, 24 received HFNO and 57 received SOT. The HFNO group was similar in age, BMI and co-morbidities to the SOT group but less frail, as determined by the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). All 24 patients that received HFNO died in comparison to 46 patients (80.7%) in the SOT group. Mortality in the HFNO group was significantly higher than in the SOT group.

Conclusion:

Elderly frail patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonitis deemed inappropriate for invasive ventilation and did not benefit from HFNO. Further, HFNO may have been associated with harm in this group.
TÜRKÇE DERSİ KİTAPLARINDAKİ ETKİNLİKLERİN ELEŞTİREL DÜŞÜNME BECERİSİNE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: DİLEKÇİ Atilla , KARATAY Halit
Published: October 2022

Bu çalışmada, Türkçe dersi kitaplarındaki eleştirel düşünme öğretimi yaklaşımı ve etkinlikleri incelenmiştir. Veriler doküman inceleme yöntemine göre toplanmıştır. Bunun için 5-8. sınıf düzeylerinden bir adet Türkçe dersi kitabı, seçkisiz atama yöntemiyle belirlenmiş ve betimsel analize göre çözümlenmiştir. Bu kitaplardaki etkinliklerin içerikleri incelendikten sonra eleştirel düşünmenin anlama, ayırt etme, karşılaştırma, ilişki kurma, sorgulama, yorumlama, çözümleme ve değerlendirme becerilerine göre kodlanmıştır. Bunun yanında Türkçe dersi kitaplarındaki eleştirel düşünme etkinliklerinin ilgili olduğu dil becerileri açısından da değerlendirilmiştir. Var olan etkinlikler yorumlama, değerlendirme ve anlama eleştirel düşünme becerilerinde yoğunlaşmıştır. Karşılaştırma, ayırt etme, sorgulama ve ilişki kurma becerilerine yönelik etkinlikler sınırlı ve yetersizdir. Özellikle 5. sınıf Türkçe ders kitabındaki eleştirel düşünme becerisi ile ilgili okuma ve dinleme etkinlikleri yetersizdir. 6. sınıf Türkçe ders kitabında eleştirel dinlemeye yönelik ise hiçbir etkinlik yoktur. 7 ve 8. Türkçe ders kitaplarında eleştirel konuşma ve eleştirel dinleme becerilerine yönelik etkinlikler de sınırlı ve yetersizdir. Bu etkinlikler dil becerilerinin hepsini de kapsamamaktadır. Ders kitaplarında eleştirel düşünmenin öğretimi, dolaylı öğretim yaklaşımına göre tasarlanmıştır.
FİZİK ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN UZAKTAN EĞİTİM SÜRECİNDE KARŞILAŞTIKLARI SORUNLAR VE HİZMET İÇİ EĞİTİM BEKLENTİLERİ
Authors: ŞENTÜRK Merve Lütfiye , TURGUT Halil , BOYACI Seher
Published: October 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı fizik öğretmenlerinin uzaktan eğitim sürecinde karşılaştıkları sorunları ve bu sorunlar temelinde planlanabilecek hizmet içi eğitimlere dair görüşlerini açığa çıkarmaktır. Temel nitel araştırma yaklaşımıyla yürütülen araştırmanın katılımcıları amaçlı örnekleme türlerinden kartopu örnekleme yöntemi ile ve gönüllülük esasına dayalı olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma grubunda 10’u kadın, 20’si erkek olmak üzere farklı kıdem yıllarında mesleki tecrübeye sahip ve farklı okul türlerinde görev yapmakta olan toplam 30 fizik öğretmeni yer almıştır. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilmiş görüşme formu yardımıyla toplanmış ve içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Ulaşılan sonuçlar fizik öğretmenlerinin bilişim teknolojilerinden, öğrencilerinden, kendilerinden ve konu alanlarından kaynaklı bir dizi sorunla karşılaştıklarını, kurumsal anlamda ise önemli bir sıkıntı yaşamadıklarını göstermiştir. Söz konusu sorunlar kapsamında özellikle öğrencilerin motivasyonu ile manyetizma gibi konuların öğretiminde yaşanan zorluklar ön plana çıkmıştır. Karşılaştıkları sorunların çözümüne ilişkin girişimde bulunma hususunda farklı beyanlarda bulunan katılımcılar çoğunlukla mevcut koşulları kabullenerek öğretim uygulamalarını sürdürdüklerini ifade etmişlerdir. Uzaktan fizik eğitimine yönelik hizmet içi eğitimlerde ise fizik ve bilişim alanında nitelikli bilgi birikimine sahip eğitmenlere ve sürece yayılmış uygulamalı programlara yer verilmesinin gerektiğini kaydetmişlerdir. Böyle bir bağlamda süreç içinde ve sonrasında sağlanacak uzman desteği, teknolojik uygulamaların tanıtımı ve öğretim materyali hazırlama becerilerinin kazandırılması yoluyla önemli kazanımlara ulaşılabileceğini öne sürmüşlerdir.
The transition from a “weak state” to a “powerful state”: Ukrainian case
Authors: Zelinska Maryna , Chechel Anna , Tanchyk Olena
Published: October 2022

In the authors' previous studies of the state phenomenon with the status of "weak state" and signs of this type of political system, Ukraine was considered a vivid example of a state of this type. However, since the beginning of Russian military intervention in Ukraine on February 24, 2022, we have witnessed the rapid transition of the Ukrainian state and political system from weak state status to a powerful one. In this study, the authors consider differences in the definitions of "powerful" and "strong" states and prove that Ukraine, having left the ranks of weak states, has not yet acquired the status of a strong state, but has the signs of a powerful one. It is also noted that the conditions and terms of such a transit of the state and political system are unique. In the authors' opinion, three main requisites of the fast transit of Ukraine to the status of a powerful state have been substantiated: the presence of a strong political leader and a particular mentality of the Ukrainian people. The research by Guillermo O'Donneland Philip Schmitter with their idea of the resocialization of citizens, i.e., adoption and assimilation of new democratic values, norms, and behavior models by the population of the state as an essential factor in obtaining durability and democracy by the state, served as the methodological basis for choosing these categorical characteristics. Furthermore, therole of the "aggressive neighbor" factor in acquiring a new status by a political agent has also been substantiated.
Global institutional transformations and modern educational and scientific strategies for the paradigm of sustainable development of society
Authors: Zinchenko Viktor
Published: October 2022

The article considers the processes of democratization of social institutions of education and science on the basis of the world-system global-stadial concept developed by the author and presented in his earlier works as an institutionalized process of functioning of deliberative socioeconomic development in the institutional model of globalization. The author considers “The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” (UN) and the Global Action Program “Education for Sustainable Development” (UNESCO) as key documents shaping the tasks of further development of these social institutions. It highlights the key educational concepts for the transformation of the global world and shows how they correspond to the goals and objectives of these key international documents; substantiates specific directions for key areas of the educational goal of global sustainable development (for all levels of education), which should be included in the education and training system, formulates the tasks of further transformation of educational institutions; states that the principles of education defined in these global programs are most successfully implemented today within the framework of the “Education for Sustainable Development” model, which allows the formation of such key competencies as a sustainable lifestyle, knowledge of human rights and mechanisms for their observance, gender equality, promoting a culture of peace and non-violence and recognizing cultural diversity.
Kinetic Modeling of the Esterification of Oleic Acid and Methanol in Conventional and Adsorptive Reaction Systems
Authors: Fernandes Fabiano
Published: October 2022

Biodiesel is derived from renewable vegetable or animal sources and is either used as a standalone fuel or blended with oil-based diesel. The kinetic mechanism of the esterification of oleic acid was investigated in a conventional batch reactor and a batch reactor coupled to a water adsorption system. The esterification was performed with oleic acid and methanol at different temperatures (70 to 110 °C) and alcohol-to-oleic acid molar ratios (3:1 to 9:1), using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. A kinetic model was constructed and validated. The model was statistically significant at a 95% confidence level, thus proving its effectiveness in predicting oleic acid esterification with methanol using sulfuric acid as a catalyst.
The Effectiveness of Patient Training in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Knowledge via Instagram: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Blunck Dominik , Kastner Lena , Nissen Michael , Winkler Jacqueline
Published: October 2022

Background

Patients’ knowledge was found to be a key contributor to the success of therapy. Many efforts have been made to educate patients in their disease. However, research found that many patients still lack knowledge regarding their disease. Integrating patient education into social media platforms can bring materials closer to recipients.

Objective

The aim of this study is to test the effectiveness of patient education via Instagram.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was conducted to test the effectiveness of patient education via Instagram among patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Participants were recruited online from the open Instagram page of a patient organization. The intervention group was educated via Instagram for 5 weeks by the research team; the control group did not receive any educational intervention. The knowledge about their disease was measured pre- and postintervention using the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Knowledge questionnaire. Data were analyzed by comparing mean knowledge scores and by regression analysis. The trial was purely web based.

Results

In total, 49 participants filled out both questionnaires. The intervention group included 25 participants, and the control group included 24 participants. The preintervention knowledge level of the intervention group was reflected as a score of 18.67 out of 24 points; this improved by 3 points to 21.67 postintervention. The postintervention difference between the control and intervention groups was 3.59 points and was statistically significant (t32.88=–4.56, 95% CI 1.98-5.19; P<.001). Results of the regression analysis, accounting for preintervention knowledge and group heterogeneity, indicated an increase of 3.33 points that was explained by the intervention (P<.001).

Conclusions

Patient education via Instagram is an effective way to increase disease-related knowledge. Future studies are needed to assess the effects in other conditions and to compare different means of patient education.

Trial Registration

German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00022935; https://tinyurl.com/bed4bzvh
Mobile Health Apps for Patient-Centered Care: Review of United States Rheumatoid Arthritis Apps for Engagement and Activation
Authors: Cozad Melanie J , Crum Marissa , Tyson Hannah , Fleming Perry R , Stratton Jeanine , Kennedy Ann Blair , Lindley Lisa C , Horner Ronnie D
Published: October 2022

Background

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a highly dynamic and individualized disease in terms of its patterns of symptomatic flare-ups and periods of remission. Patient-centered care (PCC) aligns patients’ lifestyle goals with their preferences for managing symptoms and side effects through the selection of therapies appropriate for disease management. Mobile health (mHealth) apps have the potential to engage and activate patients in PCC. mHealth apps can provide features that increase disease knowledge, collect patient-generated health indicators and behavioral metrics, and highlight goals for disease management. However, little evidence-based guidance exists as to which apps contain functionality essential for supporting the delivery of PCC.

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the patient-centeredness of United States–based rheumatoid arthritis mobile apps in terms of patient engagement and activation.

Methods

A search of mobile apps on 2 major United States app stores (Apple App Store and Google Play) was conducted from June 2020 to July 2021 to identify apps designed for use by patients with RA by adapting the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines for mobile health app screening based on the literature. Reviewers conducted a content analysis of mobile app features to evaluate their functionality for patient engagement and activation. Engagement and activation were assessed using the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) and social cognitive theory, respectively. Apps were ranked by their ability to facilitate PCC care along 2 dimensions: engagement and activation.

Results

A total of 202 mobile apps were initially identified, and 20 remained after screening. Two apps emerged with the greatest ability to facilitate PCC. Both apps were scored as having acceptable or good patient engagement according to the MARS. These 2 apps also had high patient activation according to social cognitive theory, with many features within those apps representing theoretical constructs such as knowledge, perceived self-efficacy, and expectations about outcomes that support behavioral management of RA.

Conclusions

We found very few mobile apps available within the United States that have functionality that both engages and activates the patient to facilitate PCC. As the prevalence of mobile apps expands, the design of mobile apps needs to integrate patients to ensure that their functionality promotes engagement and activation. More research is needed to understand how mobile app use impacts patient engagement and activation, and ultimately, treatment decisions and disease trajectory.
The effect of mHealth interventions on obstetrics and gynecologic health outcomes: a protocol for a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (Preprint)
Authors: Rahimi Rezvan , Shahali Shadab , Shahali Shadab
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

The issue of women's health as a high-risk group has been declared by the World Health Organization as a primary priority for all human societies. In the meantime, mHealth has provided countless opportunities to reduce health inequalities, increase access to care and provide innovative interventions for women, leading to various interventions in this field. The need to check the effectiveness of these interventions seems to be an inevitable necessity. Previous systematic review articles have not comprehensively examined all types of mHealth interventions in obstetrics and gynecology.

OBJECTIVE

Our study aims to review and analyze the evidence from randomized clinical trials to comprehensively investigate the role of accompanying health in the outcomes related to women's health related to gynecological and obstetric diseases.

METHODS

We will conduct a systematic review that includes randomized controlled trials examining the effectiveness of mHealth interventions in obstetrics and gynecology. The search strategy will include "mHealth," "obstetrics and gynecology," and " Randomized controlled trials " and their synonyms. We will search Scopus, Springer, ScienceDirect, PubMed/MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library, and Cochrane Collaboration Registry of Controlled Trials to identify trials published in English from 2010 to December 2021. MHealth is described as all healthcare services provided by mobile phone technology, tablets, laptops, PDAs, and other wearable and portable devices. Two authors independently screened articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, assessed the risk of bias, and extracted data. Data will be tabulated and grouped for narrative synthesis for comparison between studies. We will assess the quality of evidence for the primary outcomes using GRADE.

RESULTS

The findings will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

CLINICALTRIAL

Prospero registration number: CRD42021261478.
Effect of Bridging Atom and Hydroxyl Position on the Antioxidant Capacity of Six Phenolic Schiff Bases
Authors: Kheniche Abdelhakim , Kadi Imededdine , Benslama Abderrahim , Rizoug Samiya , Bekri Sarra , Harrar Abdenassar
Published: October 2022

A series of new phenolic Schiff bases N,N-bis(2,3-dihydroxybenzyl-idene)-4,4’-diphenylmethane (3-DPM), and N,N-bis(2,5-dihydroxybenzylidene)-4,4’-diphenylmethane (5-DPM), for sulfide bridge N,N-bis(2,3-dihydroxybenzyl-idene)-4,4’-diphenyl sulfide (3-DPS), N,N-bis(2,5-dihydroxybenzylidene)-4,4’-diphenyl sulfide (5-DPS), N,N-bis(2,3-dihydroxybenzyl-idene)-4,4’-diphenyl disulfide (3-DPSS), and N,N-bis(2,5-dihydroxybenzylidene)-4,4’-diphenyl disulfide (5-DPSS) were synthesized by condensation of substituted 4,4’-diamino-bis-(4-aminophenyl) methane/sulfide with various substituted aldehydes. The synthesized molecules were characterized by physical data, elemental, IR and 1H-NMR analyses. The antioxidant ability of compounds was determined through the use in vitro assays such as DPPH• scavenging, ABTS, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), hydroxyl radical OH• scavenging, and reducing power capability. The antioxidant activity of the compounds increased slightly after changing the atom bridge and hydroxyl group position. The results showed that the compound 5-DPSS exhibited superior scavenging strength against DPPH (EC50 = 7.10 ± 0.16 μg/mL), whereas 3-DPSS showed the highest activity (EC50 = 1.36 ± 0.08 μg/mL) when inspected by ABTS in relation to butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) (EC50 = 7.54 ± 0.67). The higher OH• activity was marked by the compound 5-DPS (EC50 = 44.9 ± 3.3 μg/mL) related to BHT at (EC50 = 98.73 ± 0.3 μg/mL). The compounds 5-DPM demonstrated remarkable activity both reducing power (EC50 = 53.2 ± 0.3 μg/mL), and TAC assay (EC50 = 620.0 ± 2.4 μg/mL). These results prove that the modification in hydroxyl group position affect the antioxidant ability of Schiff bases.
3,4,5-Trimethoxychalcones Tubulin Inhibitors with a Stable Colchicine Binding Site as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Jumaah Maadh , Wahyuningsih Tutik Dwi , Khairuddean Melati
Published: October 2022

The development of microtubule perturbing drugs is one of the most promising anticancer therapeutic methods. Unfortunately, limitation such as drug resistance, adverse side effects, complex formulations and synthesis, and limited bioavailability of these microtubule perturbing drugs has aroused the search for a new molecule of the tubulin system. Different substituents of chalcone were designed, synthesized, and determined for inhibition of tubulin assembly and toxicity in human cancer cell lines based on conventional colchicine site ligands and a computer model of the colchicine binding site on tubulin. A molecular docking study indicated that the chalcone scaffold could fit the colchicine site on tubulin in a similar orientation to the natural product. The 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl ring, which occupies the same sub-cavity as the equivalent molecule in colchicine, appeared to benefit the ligand of α,β-tubulin interaction. Several 3,4,5-trimethoxychalcone compounds demonstrated improved cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells and inhibited tubulin assembly in vitro as potently as colchicine. The most active chalcone 1 with the IC50 of 6.18 ± 0.69 μM prevented the proliferation of human cell lines at micromolar concentrations, causing microtubule destabilization and mitotic arrest in humans inhibiting breast cancer cells.
Оренбургский период в истории Центрального государственного музея Республики Казахстан (1831–1929)
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University (71, Al-Farabi Ave., 050040 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan), Yermekbayeva Ainur Sh. , Alimbay Nursan A. , Smagulov Bolat K. ,   Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology (28, Shevchenko St., 050010 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan),   Central State Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan (44, Samal-1, 050000 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan)
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The creation of the Central State Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan located in Almaty (the former national capital) had been prepared by the entire course of museum construction in Orenburg. Chronologically, the process covers almost a century (1831–1929) hereafter referred to as the ‘Orenburg period’. The latter did play a prominent role in the history of the Central Museum. As is known, the city of Orenburg was the capital of the Kirghiz (Kazakh) Autonomous Republic as part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in 1920–1925. Goals. The article aims to study original features and trends to have influenced the shaping and development of Orenburg’s museum network as a complex of conditions and factors that had impacts on the formation of the Central State Museum of Kazakhstan. Materials and methods. The article primarily analyzes archival sources, official acts by the People’s Commissariat for Education of the Kirghiz (Kazakh) ASSR — the authority that was to supervise museum affairs in the Republic. The employed methods — contextual, discursive, value orientations ones and others — constitute an interdependent and complementary unity that makes it possible to realistically represent the whole formation process experienced by the main museum of the Republic. Results. It was the Orenburg period that witnessed the laying of organizational foundations for the future Central Museum, accumulated essential scientific/methodological experiences and human resources that proved of utmost importance, especially at the initial stage of its functioning. The Orenburg period began in 1831 when by order of the Orenburg Governor P. P. Suchtelen a ‘museum’ was opened at the Neplyuev Military School. Conclusions. In the prerevolutionary era and the first decade of Soviet power, there was virtually no roadmap (principles, forms, tasks of museums, etc.) for museum construction in Kazakhstan. That resulted in the unsystematic and somewhat spontaneous nature of the then efforts aimed at organizing the museum network. Nevertheless, it was during the Orenburg period that certain experiences of organizing museum works were obtained, the latter to become most useful when it came to create the Central Museum proper.
Потери военнослужащих Красной армии, призванных из Калмыцкой АССР, в 1941–1945 гг. (по данным 4-го тома книги «Память. Санл»)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Vorobyova Valentina N.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The article provides statistical interpretations of data contained in volume 4 of The Memory. Sanl that publishes an annotated list of ca. 9,500 Red Army soldiers and officers largely conscripted in the Kalmyk ASSR — and subsequently classified as KIAs and MIAs between 1941 and 1945. Goals. The work examines the mentioned edition and attempts a respective database (supplemented with statistical analysis) of Soviet Kalmykia’s natives drafted into the Red Army in 1941–1945. Materials and methods. The paper focuses on the annotated list of casualties among Soviet troops introduced in volume 4 of The Memory. Sanl. The wide range of research methods employed includes both specifically historical and general scientific ones. The need for statistical analysis leads to an active use of the statistical method and that of extrapolation. Results. The analysis reveals an essential number of repetitions (personalities) characterized by mistakes, inaccuracies, and discrepancies. So, the edition mentions both outdated and contemporary geographic names. Despite all this, the compiled and corrected database involves extensive statistical data that may yield an efficient prosopographic analysis of Red Army personnel conscripted in Kalmykia during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945.
Государство и шаманизм в Бурятии: от противостояния к инкорпорации
Authors:   Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of the RAS (32, Nakhimovsky Ave., 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation), Mikhalev Maxim S.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The contemporary transformation of the place and role attributed to shamanism in social structures cannot be explained in isolation from social and political trends. Goals. The study aims at revealing causes of shamanism’s revival in post-Soviet Russia, analyzing the latter’s mechanisms, and attempts an efficient policy roadmap that could be followed by the Government. Materials and methods. The comparative historical method identifies structural inconsistencies between official clerics and institutions supposed to sustain intrasystemic balance in human society — and individual shamans performing similar functions in the so called ‘big universe’ that additionally comprises the world of natural phenomena and that of spirits. Results. The paper shows that when social institutions headed by authorities are capable of securing acceptable solutions for most problems of an individual citizen, shamanism tends to turn vividly oppositional and retains its potentials in ‘peripheries’ only — within ‘gaps’ of social systems. Meanwhile, the experiences of post-Soviet Buryatia attest to that in acute crisis shamanism may be recruited again to tackle actual mundane objectives. In this case, it becomes an important structural element to a wider social relations system with boundaries of society proper further extended. Conclusions. The paper asserts the latter phenomenon may imply an efficient strategy be incorporation of shamans into the public law field with limited allocations of specific resources owned by the Government only. This may result in that the former’s spiritual potentials and impacts be used to common advantage — to avoid takeovers by spiritual leaders from peripheries of social systems.
Типология поливной керамики Билярского городища
Authors:   Institute of the Problems of Northern Development, Tyumen Scientific Centre, Siberian Branch of the RAS (86, Malygin St., 625026 Tyumen, Russian Federation), Utiagulova Rimma R.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The paper discusses glazed pottery of the pre-Mongol era discovered within excavation section 44 of Bilär hillfort between 2015 and 2018. Earliest explorations of the archaeological site date back to the beginning of the 18th century but the first archaeological survey proper — that included a few shovel test pits — was conducted by A. Bashkirov in 1929. However, it was only in 1967 that A. Khalikov as head of the Bilär Archaeological Expedition arranged systematic investigation of the site. Studies of glazed ceramics from the pre-Mongol era became a priority area but its classification was never developed. Goals. So, the work attempts a description and systematization of the unique archaeological materials. Materials and methods. The work analyzes glazed pottery items discovered within excavation section 44 at the site of Bilär. The research methods employed for systematization are as follows: visual/descriptive, statistical, technological ones, those of comparative analysis and analogies. Results. The extensive glazed pottery collection examined attests to Volga Bulgaria had developed widest trade relations in the pre-Mongol period. The key directions included the Near and Middle East, Asia Minor, Rus, Byzantium, and the historical region of Shirvan (group of imports). Conclusions. The article yields a classification of glazed pottery items (both locally produced and imported ones), determines main trade directions and chronological frames for the latter to have arrived in the site. Insights into proportions between groups of imported ceramics and quantitative analysis make it possible to outline three chronological stages that essentially correspond to the heyday, apogee and decline of trade relations.
Татарский язык в Татарстане в условиях новых подходов к освоению родного языка
Authors:   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University (18, Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation), Nizamova Liliya R.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The article evaluates the language situation and its dynamics in Tatarstan and other ethnic republics of the Volga Region in the context of new approaches to learning of languages of Russia’s peoples. In 2017, native languages were classified as a compulsory academic discipline at school, though with a legally stipulated right to choose such native language proper. Goals. The study aims at outlining the actual vectors of language processes and effects of the language policy nationwide through examples of the Tatar language in Tatarstan and languages of the Volga Region at large. Materials and methods. The work analyzes data from two research projects, namely: a mass survey of Tatarstan’s residents numbering 2,000 on their language use practices in public and private discourses conducted in July 2018 (the article focuses on language practices of ethnic Tatars); and a series of semi-formal interviews with representatives of the ethnic intelligentsia, public organizations, and the mass media in Tatarstan and in the five republics of the Volga Region (Bashkortostan, Mari El, Mordovia, Udmurtia, Chuvashia) on topical issues of language development held from June to November 2021 (a total of 48 interviews). Results. The sociological data make it possible to reveal key trends of linguistic development and the ratio of use between state languages (Russian and titular ones) in consumption of mass media and Internet products, in public discourses (office, stores, public institutions) and individual language practices. The data attest to a predominant use of Russian by ethnic Tatars in the context of expanding Russian-Tatar bilingualism, i.e. a steady continuation of the language shift inherited from the late Soviet era. Conclusions. The newly adopted agenda of teaching native languages has resulted in further expanded use of the Russian language, since — regardless of actual ethnic identities — some parents tend to choose Russian as a native language for their children, which leads to reduced numbers of students learning other native languages, a decrease in the demand for textbooks and teachers of the Volga peoples’ languages. This causes anxiety among the national intelligentsia and the public as to the future of linguistic and cultural diversity in Russia.
Climate Change Forecasting using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Vishvakarma Tanmya
Published: October 2022

Abstract: This is an extremely contentious subject of study as many people across the world don't believe that humans are responsible for climate change. There will be an urgent requirement for adaptation as a result of the effects of climate change on human society, as this is the only way that humans can hope to survive the increasingly chaotic weather of the future. The rapid development of machine learning (ML) algorithms has sparked innovations in numerous fields of study and has even been proposed as improving climate studies. Since global warming has an effect on not just people but also on many other kinds of animals, efforts to bring it down may benefit everyone on Earth. To examine the global climate's development since 1800, we use machine learning methods. From land average temperature to land average temperature uncertainty (95% CI around the mean), land maximum temperature to land average temperature uncertainty, land minimum temperature to land average temperature uncertainty, land and ocean average temperature to land and ocean average temperature uncertainty, and more. Kaggle datasets show a wide range of temperature change metrics since 1750. Another dataset measures the average worldwide concentration of carbon monoxide since 1958; it was compiled by the Earth System Research Laboratory of the United States Government. We propose focusing equally on machine learning and artificial intelligence to better interpret and profit from current data and simulation. Our findings provide insight into the difficulties and potential benefits of data-driven climate modeling, particularly about the future integration of increasingly enormous model datasets.
Exploring the Empirical Meaning of Child-Centered Play Practice through Learning Community Activities of Small-Scale Daycare Center
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Lee Eun-kyung , Park Hee-sook
Published: October 2022

Objectives The purpose of this study is to establish a learning community culture in small-scale daycare centers by sharing the difficulties experienced by teachers in child-centered play and finding ways to support children's play. Methods Cases of support for children's play were collected in the process of implementing child-centered play through the learning community activities of the director of a small daycare center and two early childhood teachers, and the empirical meaning was qualitatively analyzed. Results The empirical meaning of child-centered play through learning community activities is as follows. First, in the process of accepting child-centered play, teachers constantly questioned whether the concept of child-centered play that I understood was correct, and felt it was difficult to find the right direction. Second, teachers were experiencing a dilemma in that the child-centered play practiced was different from the direction of play that parents wanted. Third, Teachers shared the contents of infant-centered play through learning community activities, provided emotional support, and had confidence in solving problems. Fourth, teachers grew into reflective thinking on their own and positively changed through mutual feedback through learning community activities. Conclusions The teacher learning community activity in the small-scale daycare center became a driving force to support children's play as teachers shared difficulties and problem solutions for child-centered play, It had a positive effect on the settlement of child-centered play. Therefore, in order for the director and the teacher to support child-centered play together, the learning community activities that consider the characteristics of each institution should be continued.
The Mediating Effect of Teacher Efficacy and Parenting Efficacy on the Relationship between Role Strain and Life Satisfaction in elementary school female teachers with children
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kim JeongWon , Kim Minjeong
Published: October 2022

Objectives The present study is to identify the mediating effect of teacher efficacy and parenting efficacy on the relationship between role strain and life satisfaction of elementary school female teachers with children. Methods A total of 328 female teachers in elementary school with children under elementary school age participated in the survey for demographic information and research variables and the data was analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and PROCESS Macro to verify research questions. Results The result revealed that teacher efficacy partially mediated the relationship between role strain and life satisfaction and parenting efficacy also partially mediated the relationship between role strain and life satisfaction. In addition, teacher efficacy and parenting efficacy parallelly mediated the relationship between role strain and life satisfaction and parenting efficacy had a bigger mediating effect. Conclusions These results suggest that it is effective to intervene in teacher efficacy and parenting efficacy when elementary school female teachers with children experience a decrease in life satisfaction due to role strain.
A Study on How to Develop Routines for Self-directed Life in the Age of Attention Economy
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Jeon Jonghee
Published: October 2022

Objectives The purpose of this study is to specifically explore ways to develop routines that help individuals lead a self-directed life rather than passively and reactively swept away by external demands and stimuli in the age of interest economy. Methods Starting in February 2022, this study comprehensively converges and cites the basic contents and the latest issues by conducting a full investigation of related prior research and books from the past to the latest using routine as the keyword. Based on the collected qualitative data, core themes and contents related to the research topic were selected, presented, and organized systematically. In the process of data processing, coding and topic derivation were conducted based on qualitative content analysis, and it was completed through several reviews during the process. Results In this study, as the main research results, the routine formation mechanism for consistent practice, the operating principle and requirements of a routine that helps to build and sustain a system that does not fight with me, and representative development examples and methods of routines centered on global figures, etc. presented in detail. Through this, the practical and active practices of routine were introduced to those who want to lead a self-directed life in a distracted age. Conclusions Based on the results of the study, it will be possible to help individuals living in the present age to discern the various information and external demands that are pouring out every moment, and to establish and coordinate the boundaries and balances in a self-directed manner. It is expected that this study will lead individuals to develop a healthy routine and realize a more developed life.
¿Qué queda del mito de la violación real? Un estudio de caso basado en análisis de sentencias judiciales
Authors: Rubio-Martín María José , Blanco Moreno Francisca , Ballesteros Doncel Esmeralda
Published: October 2022

Las agresiones sexuales son un fenómeno social, que tiene como principales víctimas a las mujeres y las niñas. El modo en que los agentes del sistema judicial, como parte de la sociedad, perciben y valoran estos delitos está influido por una serie de mitos y creencias colectivos. Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio de caso, que analiza el mito de la violación real a partir de las sentencias penales de la Audiencia Provincial de Madrid dictadas por delitos de agresión sexual entre 2016 y 2018. A partir de un análisis de contenido con enfoque cuantitativo, se examina en qué medida las características de los hechos juzgados coinciden con las del mito, y cómo éste puede influir en el fallo. Las conclusiones muestran que, aunque el patrón que describe el mito de la violación real no se cumple, sin embargo, algunas de sus características siguen influyendo en las decisiones judiciales.
Avaliação da transparência e dados sobre a pandemia do Covid-19: uma análise dos portais eletrônicos das capitais dos estados brasileiros
Authors: Raupp Fabiano Maury , Pinho José Antonio Gomes de
Published: October 2022

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar a transparência e dados sobre a pandemia do Covid-19 nas capitais brasileiras. O estudo baseou-se na aplicação do Índice de Transparência da Covid-19 por meio de pesquisa documental de caráter descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de protocolos observacionais. Foram feitos quatro levantamentos para verificar se haveria evolução do quadro referente à pandemia do Covid-19 e se os gestores estariam tomando providências para tornar os portais mais transparentes em relação às informações sobre o vírus. Constatou-se que as informações mais divulgadas se referem à idade e sexo de indivíduos infectados, além do tipo de internação. As informações menos divulgadas referem-se à ocupação de leitos e testes disponíveis, sendo que nenhum portal disponibilizou informações em formato aberto, ou seja, dados estruturados em planilha com formato editável. Há capitais que estão trilhando um caminho na busca por transparência, principalmente aquelas classificadas no estudo nos extratos médio e bom, já que não houve classificadas no nível alto. As capitais classificadas no nível opaco, que significa a quase ausência de transparência e dados sobre a pandemia do Covid-19, parecem mais distantes deste caminho.
Meta-avaliação educacional: diagnóstico comparativo da qualidade do curso de Administração nas modalidades de ensino presencial e à distância
Authors: Martins Marcelo Feijó , Silveira Suely de Fátima Ramos , Martins Danielle Dias Sant Anna
Published: October 2022

O estudo realiza uma comparação entre a qualidade dos ensinos presencial e à distância para cursos de Administração avaliados no Enade 2018. A meta-avaliação se dá pela análise do indicador Conceito Enade, em três níveis: Notas Padronizadas – FG e CE e Conceito Enade – contínuo. Através do software Minitab 19 são realizadas as análises estatísticas. Os resultados mostram uma relação muito forte entre as variáveis Nota Padronizada – CE e Conceito Enade – contínuo. Há predominância dos melhores resultados de desempenho dos alunos, na modalidade presencial, nas Regiões Sul e Sudeste, e dos piores resultados, nas Regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste. O teste de Tukey por ANOVA permitiu concluir que o desempenho dos estudantes de instituições públicas, na modalidade presencial, é maior que o dos estudantes na modalidade à distância. O estudo trouxe contribuições que agregam valor à tomada de decisão dos stakeholders, a partir da definição de um panorama da qualidade dos cursos de administração, evidenciando pontos fortes, fragilidades, mérito e valor.
Morality in politics: Zhao Tingyang’s political philosophy
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Zhang Shuchun
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The article aims at presenting the system proposed by the modern Chinese philoso- pher Zhao Tingyang towards political realities. Scientific novelty. Due to the lack of translations of Zhao’s works into Russian, Russian science has extremely limited understanding of his theory and the modern Chinese philosophy in general. The article is one of the first attempts to present Zhao’s main thoughts on political philosophy in Russian on the basis of original texts. Results. Following the ancient Chinese theorists, Zhao regards the need to cooperate as the reason of the beginning of politics and suggests studying the world based on a broader scale “Tianxia” (‘All under Heaven’). Zhao’s theory of the initial form of politics called the “Xunzi-Hobbes Hypothesis” combines Hobbes’ idea about individual conflicts and the principle of coexistence which is typical for Eastern philosophy. According to Zhao, “Tianxia” as an ideal political regime is also set as the starting point of the political templation (Tianxia > State > Family > Individual). While criticising Confucianism for its impracticality in solving political issues, Zhao suggests that the only regime where its members prefer morality is when it is a prerequisite for ob- taining greater benefits. Conclusions. Zhao’s political philosophy offers a pragmatic approach to deal with the ethical issues in politics. We concluded that in the ideal regime proposed by Zhao, morality functions rather as a tool to achieve more benefits and ceases to be a universal law. A comparative analysis led to the conclusion that his approach to morality in politics is comparable to that of N. Machiavelli, for whom the practical significance of any means can domi- nate abstract values.