bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retinoblastoma Morphology after Local Chemotherapy
Authors: Saakyan S. V. , Khoroshilova-Maslova I. P. , Tadevosyan S. S. , Tsygankov A. Yu. , Zakharova G. P. , Ivanova O. A. , Panteleeva O. G. , Zharua A. A.
Published: October 2021

Purpose. Determine the nature of tumor regression and possible complications associated with the retinotoxic effect of melphalan and carboplatin with local chemotherapy.

Methods. A histological analysis of 19 enucleated eyes from 19 patients with retinoblastoma was performed after combined organ-preserving treatment, including systemic chemotherapy and local chemotherapy in various doses. The enucleated eyes were fixed in 10 % formalin and processed routinely for histological examination.

Results. Significant changes in the tumor tissue such as tumor regression associated with the destruction of the tumor tissue and its replacement with fibrous tissue, glia proliferation, and the formation of petrificates were revealed. Complete regression of the tumor was detected in 3 out of 19 eyes, partial in 13 eyes. There were no signs of regression in 3 eyes. Tumor invasion into the choroid was found in 5 cases, into the anterior sector — in 3 cases, into the optic nerve — in 3 cases. The retrobulbar tumor was presented in 1 case. Retinotoxic complications revealed. Hemorrhagic changes associated with focal necrosis of the central retinal vessels (n = 4), destructive changes in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE; n = 10) associated with the accumulation of melphalan in RPE leading to atrophic processes in the retina. Complications in the form of secondary glaucoma, severe fibrosis and retinal detachment, despite the complete resorption of the tumor, led not only to loss of vision, but also hindered visualization of the fundus and substantiated the need for enucleation in 3 cases. In other cases, enucleation was performed due to continued tumor growth (n = 16) or progression during treatment (n = 3).

Conclusions. Retinoblastoma can be controlled with local chemotherapy. However, clinical and morphological examinations of enucleated eyes revealed and confirmed, along with tumor resorption, intraocular complications as a result of the toxic effect of the drugs and the presence of active tumor tissue to varying degrees of therapeutic pathomorphism, which can be explained by the resistance of RB to these drugs. Thus, a further search is needed for drugs that destroy the tumor and minimize the retinotoxic effect.
Effect of Platelet-Riched Plasma on Corneal Epithelium Regeneration during Its Chronic Erosion (Experimental Study)
Authors: Tarabrina V. A. , Gavrilyuk I. O. , Churashov S. V. , Muravyeva O. A. , Chirskii V. S. , Troianovskii R. L. , Kulikov A. N.
Published: October 2021

Relevance. In a number of pathological conditions accompanied by defects of the basal membrane, such as chemical or thermal burn, mechanical trauma, Schegren’s syndrome, herpetic keratitis processes of corneal epithelization are slowed down, and sometimes epithelization does not occur at all. Slow epithelization or its complete absence creates conditions for infection, thinning, and sometimes perforation of the cornea. That is why the problem of chronic corneal erosions is very relevant. The most perspective method of treatment is the use of autologous platelet-riched plasma (PRP). Presence of platelet growth factors, adhesive molecules and cytokines in PRP allows to use it for acceleration of regeneration of corneal defects, and the presence of live platelets allows to refer this procedure to autologous cell transplantations.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and morphological features of corneal epithelium regeneration in response to the application of PRP in conditions of experimental chronic corneal erosion (ECCE).

Materials and methods. Researches were carried out on 12 rabbits of Chinchilla breed (24 eyes). At first stage the model of ECCE was reproduced for all animals: local ultraviolet (UV) irradiation with the exposure time of 45 min. on the preliminary de-epithelized corneal surface. At the second stage all animals under study were divided into three groups (4 rabbits in each group). I-st main group (MG) was instillated with PRP at a rate of 1 drop / 1 min within 10 minutes (total of 10 drops) once, in the II MG treatment was carried out according to the above method, every day for 5 days. In the control group (CG) PRP treatment was not applied.

Results. 45-min. UV irradiation causes persistent ECCE up to 30 days of the experiment and reverts only after surface vessels are ingrowed in the affected area. Single use of PRP has insufficient therapeutic effect. Instillation within 5 days accelerates the cornea reparative regeneration in ECCE conditions. The absence of epithelial defect, newly formed vessels and corneal clouding was registered on the 9th day. Histologically, on the 30th day a normal multilayer non-squamous epithelium was found, while the stroma had an organized structure with no signs of inflammation.

Conclusions. Therapeutic effect of PRP in ECCE conditions is based on reforming of the normal «adhesion complex» between epithelium, olfactory membrane and multifactor stimulation of reparative regeneration due to growth factors located in it, adhesive molecules and cytokines, as a result of which the typical corneal epithelium is restored.
Macrofungi Determined in Ulukışla (Niğde-Turkey) District
Authors: BERBER Osman , UZUN Yasin , KAYA Abdullah
Published: October 2021

This study was based on the macrofungi samples collected from the region within the boundaries of Ulukışla district of Niğde province. As a result of field and laboratory studies, 92 macrofungi species belonging to 6 classes, 14 orders, 42 families and 70 genera within Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were determined. Routine morphological parameters were used for identification. Ninety one of the determined taxa are new for the distict. The taxa were listed together with their habitats and localities.
The effects of geometrical parameters on resonance frequency of Inverted Split Ring Resonators (ISRRs)
Authors: Yariçi İsmail , Öztürk Yavuz
Published: October 2021

In this study, an inverted split ring resonator (ISRR) was designed and the effects of the design geometrical parameters on the resonance frequency presented by using an equivalent circuit approach. The width of the rings, w, the width of ring split, s, and the outer length of the resonator, lres were chosen as geometrical parameters. The determined designs were implemented by making simulations with electromagnetic design software, and the numerically obtained results were compared with theoretically obtained results. A good agreement of simulation and theoretical results was achieved and presented.
Reducing Electromagnetic Interference in Three-Level T-type Isolated Bidirectional DC-DC Converter Using a Snubber Circuit
Authors: Hızarcı Halime , Kalaycı Kemal , Demirel Onur , Arifoğlu Uğur
Published: October 2021

Electromagnetic interference is the main problem in high switching power converters like DC-DC converters. One of the solution methods for electromagnetic interference reduction is to design a snubber circuit. The snubber circuit is a practical method to reduce fluctuations caused by parasitic components from the layout and non-ideal characteristics of switching devices. An effective snubber circuit design increases the converter's efficiency and reduces EMI noise. In this paper, electromagnetic interference is reduced using different snubber circuits in a three-level T-type isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter. The converter is simulated in PSIM to see the effectiveness of the noise reduction with the snubber circuits. CISPR 25 standard is used for the compliance assessment in the study.
Predicting COVID-19 impact on demand and supply of cryptocurrency using machine learning
Authors: Oyewola David , Dada Emmanuel , Ndunagu Juliana , Emmanuel Daniel Eneojo
Published: October 2021

In the wake of recent pandemic of COVID-19, we explore its unprecedented impact on the demand and supply of cryptocurrencies’market using machine learning such as Naïve Bayes (NB), Decision Trees (C5), Decision Trees Bagging (BG), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long Short Term Memory and Noise Bagging (NBG). The study employed Noise filters to enhance the performance of Decision Trees Bagging named NBG. Dataset utilized for this analysis were obtained from the website of Coin Market Cap, including: Binance Coin (BCN), BitCoin Cash (BCH), BitCoin (BTC), BitCoinSV (BSV), Cardano (CDO), Chainlink (CLK), CryptoCoin (CCN), EOS (EOS), Ethereum (ETH), LiteCoin (LTC), Monero (MNO), Stellar (SLR), Tether (TTR), Tezos (TZS), XRP (XRP), and daily data collected from exchange markets platforms spans from 2nd January 2018 to 7th July 2020. Auto encoder was utilized for the labelling of the trading strategies buy-hold-sell.
Urologic Innovation in the Spaceflight Environment: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Directions
Authors: Kahlenberg Zachary , Carroll Danielle , Cristea Octav , Urquieta Emmanuel , Bissada Nabil , Jones Jeffery
Published: October 2021

The coming decades are poised to usher in an era of commercial spaceflight and extended duration missions beyond low-earth orbit. Urologic challenges and conditions have been central to the history of human spaceflight, and their effective management will continue to play a key role in future endeavors. Voiding equipment, such as the Universal Waste Management System aboard the International Space Station, is emblematic of the significant technical strides that have been made to improve the usability and functionality of non-terrestrial waste elimination and containment devices. Detailed investigations over the past few decades have demonstrated that crew members are at an increased risk of developing nephrolithiasis due, in large part, to the effects of microgravity. Renal calculi and their potentially debilitating effects represent one of the most significant urologic complications that could impact the success of future long duration missions. Other urologic conditions, such as urinary tract infections, urinary retention, and urinary incontinence have been well documented during flight and pose their own challenges. While preventive measures remain central to all mitigation strategies, imaging and treatment modalities such as a S-Mode ultrasound, burst wave lithotripsy, and ultrasonic propulsion are being developed and evaluated as in-flight countermeasures for urologic pathology. Parabolic flights have been conducted to develop and evaluate the feasibility of using surgical and endoscopic techniques to treat urologic conditions in microgravity. Although less often discussed, occupation-related delayed conception and the risk of radiation-induced gamete damage suggests that there may be a need for NASA to adopt a policy for Assisted Reproductive Technology for both male and female astronauts. The last 60 years of human spaceflight have provided a unique opportunity for discovery and medical technology innovation. This paper serves to highlight the advancements that will help pave the way for the next 60 years of human spaceflight.
Mapping bee flora in honey producing areas of the Alto Médio Canindé microregion in Piauí state, Brazil
Authors: Nascimento Bendini Juliana Do , Souza Darcet Costa , Melo de Barros Roseli Farias , Medeiros Sergio Viana , De Abreu Maria Carolina , Conceição Vieira Melquíades Catiana Da
Published: October 2021

The Brazilian state of Piauí is one of the largest producers of organic honey in the country. Although the product is made from nectar collected from natural vegetation, including several species endemic to the Caatinga, knowledge of the beekeeping potential of semiarid vegetation remains scarce, particularly in Piauí. As such, the present study aimed to map the flora of honey-producing areas of the Alto Médio microregion in Piauí. A survey was conducted of apiaries in the region and bee production in four beekeeping communities, using data provided by the Simplício Mendes Microregion Beekeeping Cooperative (COMAPI). Geographic coordinates were used to generate a map to analyze vegetation in the region and excursions were carried out in previously defined areas to survey plants visited by honeybees. The beekeeping communities in areas with greater floral density had the highest honey production. Forty plant species were collected, with the most representative family being Fabaceae, followed by Euphorbiaceae and Anacardiaceae. Most of the plants surveyed were visited by bees with the sole purpose of collecting nectar and were flowering in months with the highest honey production. Thus, creating a flowering calendar could help beekeepers make better use of the local flora.
Seasonal trend of climate variables in an area of the Caatinga phytogeographic domain
Authors: Campos Diego Antunes , De Andrade Eunice Maia
Published: October 2021

Wide variability in the rainfall regime and drought is characteristic of semi-arid regions. A better understanding of this variability can aid decision-making in the short, medium and long term. The aim of this study was to identify long-term patterns and trends in rainfall and temperature through the use of temporal patterns, in addition to assessing the duration of wet and dry periods. Daily historical series of rainfall and temperature for the district of Iguatu, Ceará were used. For rainfall, the annual and monthly climate normal (1974-2018) was calculated, in addition to the number of consecutive dry days (CDD) during the rainy season. The annual mean value for the maximum, mean, and minimum temperatures (1996-2017) was also calculated. Wide interannual variability in the rainfall was found, with very wet years (1985; 2009 and 2011) and very dry years (1979; 1983 and 1993) interspersed with periods of around average rainfall. When analysing the total occurrence of dry spells by class, it was found that events of from 5 to 10 days were the most frequent, and tended to reduce in number over the period under investigation. There was also an increase in the number of longer events, those over 16 days. Maximum annual temperatures show an increasing trend over the years, with minimum temperatures showing the smallest increases. It was concluded that extreme rainfall events are common, and alternate between rainy years and years of drought. The increase in maximum temperature and the reduction in rainfall express the extreme climate variability that may be a consequence of climate change.
How thinning in a seasonally dry tropical forest contributes towards root biomass, carbon stock and aggregate size in a Vertisol
Authors: Andrade Eunice Maia , Aquino Deodato Nascimento , Gomes Costa Mirian Cristina , Anastacio Santos Carlos Levi , Mascena Almeida Aldênia Mendes
Published: October 2021

Forest management activities influence fine root development, total soil carbon (TSC) and size of aggregates. A field experiment was carried out in Vertisols of two adjacent catchments in a seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) to investigate the thinning on fine-root biomass, stock of the total soil carbon and aggregate size. The catchments are located in the State of Ceará, Brazil. The control catchment of 2.1 ha has been under regenerating vegetation for 35 years (RC35), while the second catchment (1.1 ha) was subjected to thinning (TC5) in December of 2008. The analysed variables were: fine-root biomass in the 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil layers, TSC and mean weight diameter of the soil aggregates in the 0-20, 20-40 e 40-60 cm layers. The data were submitted to Pearson correlation analysis and compared by paired t-test (P < 0.05). The 0-10 cm layer of the TC5 management stored double the average amount of fine-roots found in the RC35. Under the TC5 management, stocks of soil TSC increased by 237 and 151% in the 20-40 and 40-60 cm layers, respectively, when compared with RC35. Aggregates 2.15 times greater than those found under RC35 management were obtained in the topsoil (0-20 cm) under the TC5 management. The implementation of thinning in a Vertisol of a SDTF emerges as an alternative management to be considered in projects for sustainability in the semi-arid region, contributing to an improvement in soil structure as well as an increase in the stocks of total carbon.
Neuroprotective role of Ginkgobiloba and Rosuvastatin in CA1 region of Hippocampus against high fat diet induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Kumar Anil , Acharya Anand , Velichety Subhadra Devi , Vaderav Rajesh
Published: October 2021

Diet rich in fat is one of the main risk factor for the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Studies have shown that diet rich in fat disrupts memory and learning. The present study evaluates the ameliorative role of Ginkgobiloba and Rosuvastatin against high fat diet induced neurotoxicity in CA1 (Corona Ammonis) region of hippocampus.

Animals were randomly divided into six groups. Group I received normal diet, Group II received high fat diet, Group III & IV were treated with Ginkgobiloba 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg body weight, and Group V & VI were treated with Rosuvastatin 10mg/kg and 20 mg/kg body weight. All the rats were subjected to spatial learning (Morris water maze). Subsequently, rats were sacrificed and brains were removed. Golgi staining was done and CA1 neurons of hippocampus were traced using camera lucida. Dendritic branching points and dendritic intersections were quantified. Lipid profile and Super oxide (SOD) was also estimated.

There was enhancement of spatial learning in treatment group rats. Furthermore, a significant increase in dendritic length and branching points was observed in CA1 region along with significant decrease in the Superoxide dismutase in rats treated with higher dose of Ginkgobiloba and Rosuvastatin.

Present study concludes that Ginkgobiloba and Rosuvastatin in higher dose have protective role against high fat diet induced neurotoxicity in CA1 region.
Morphometric study on papillary muscles of human tricuspid valve-dissection method
Authors: Chandragirish S  , Harsha B R  , Patil Girish V
Published: October 2021

Aim of the present study was to observe the measurements of anterior papillary muscles present in tricuspid valve of human heart. Measurements of anterior papillary muscles in tricuspid valve gains utmost importance in cardiac surgeries because they are the causes of myocardial infarction in recent times because of its variations and detection of these causes by advent in modern technologies which will help in treatment of tricuspid valve diseases.

This study was carried out on 96 normal formalin fixed human heart specimens. Dissection was performed according to standard techniques. Anterior papillary muscles were observed and length, width and thickness of each muscle were measured and documented.

In the present study, numbers of anterior papillary muscles were present with a frequency of 1-3, with most common appearance of 1 muscle in 66 hearts (68.8%) and least common incidence of 3 muscles in 6 hearts (6.3%). Anterior papillary muscles were present in all 96 hearts. In measurements, anterior papillary muscles mean height was 1.49±0.44 cm; mean width was 0.82±0.21 cm and mean thickness was 0.64±0.15 cm respectively.

We hope this study will serve to understand the morphometry of anterior papillary muscles better and will help in various surgical procedures and cardiac treatment done on tricuspid valve.
Morphometric study of upper end of tibia and its implications in total knee replacement
Authors: Akhtar Md. Jawed , Reeti Raag , Kumar Binod , Sinha Rajiv Ranjan , Kumar Avanish
Published: October 2021

: Knee deformities can be reliably assessed by using morphometric parameters of upper end of tibia. Total knee arthroplasties are done to treat many types of arthritis and injuries involving knee joint. So, there is a need to have data of various morphometric parameters of upper end of tibia in order to have better surgical outcomes. The present study was attempted to provide values of different parameters in the population of Bihar.

: The present study was a cross-sectional and prospective study conducted on 50 tibia of unknown gender and age in the Department of Anatomy, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna. Fully ossified, dried, macerated and thoroughly cleaned tibia were taken to measure different parameters of upper end with the help of digital vernier calliper. The data thus obtained were tabulated and analysed statistically using Microsoft excel software.

: It was found that the diameters of medial condyle were more than the lateral condyle. The antero-posterior diameter was more than the transverse diameter in case of both the condyles. But the difference between the right and the left side was not statistically significant.

: The present study will help in providing a baseline data for designing of the prosthesis used in total knee replacement surgeries. It will also be helpful to anthropologists and forensic experts.
Study of QT interval prolongation in asymptomatic type-2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without microalbuninuria
Authors: Mustafa Farzana , Mohammed Abdul Hai
Published: October 2021

QT interval abnormalities are the best predictors of cardiovascular deaths. Microalbuminuria is an independent marker for cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Hence QT interval abnormalities in diabetics with or without microalbuminuria were evaluated in this study.

To study QT interval abnormalities in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients with or without microalbuminuria.

: Open label controlled study with 214 subjects of either sex. Group A healthy subjects (n=100), group B asymptomatic, type 2 diabetics with no clinical evidence of cardiac disease. Group B subdivided into B with microalbuminuria (n=62), Bwithout microalbuminuria (n=52). Corrected QT interval (QTC), microalbuminuria, and blood pressure were measured for all subjects. QTC was calculated by using Bazzet's formula. QTC more than 440msec was considered prolonged.

QTC was within normal range in diabetic patients(415+25msec). Highly significant (p<0.0001) prolongation was observed in diabetics, compared to healthy subjects. Both B(p<0.0001) and B(p<0.001) groups showed a significant increase in QTC than in healthy subjects. Among Band Bgroups QTC was not statistically significant.

Prolongation of QTC is indicative of CAN. CAN is often under-recognised and undiagnosed cardiac complication.QTC was more in asymptomatic type 2 diabetics irrespective of microalbuminuria compared to healthy individuals, though values were within normal range. This denotes high risk for future cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients.
Russia's Choice: Crossroads, Threats, Opportunities, and Solutions
Authors: Andrey M. Ilnitsky
Published: October 2021

Sanctions, information and hybrid "wars" are concepts that are used daily when discussing the international situation. However, what is missing is a systemic picture of the latest trends, revealing not the emotional but the "technological" side of current events — around and inside Russia. In a conversation with Vyacheslav Sutyrin, editor-in-chief of Eurasia.Expert, Andrey Ilnitsky, adviser to the Russian defense minister, shared his assessment of the current situation. International confrontation is unfolding today in the form of a "mental war", in order to win which Russia needs to implement the ideology of a "people's empire", master humanitarian technologies of influence, and strengthen allied relations.
Role of the CSTO in Strengthening Regional Security
Authors: Rusakovich Andrey V.
Published: October 2021

In 2021, Russia and Belarus are planning to hold a record number of exercises. In particular, large-scale strategic maneuvers "West-2021" will be held on the territory of Belarus. The focus on the western borders is not accidental: according to the military ministers of the two countries, the situation there is not calm. At the level of the CSTO, NATO is active in Eastern Europe in building up the missile defense system and increasing the intensity of military exercises. According to Secretary General of the organization Stanislav Zasya, the confrontational course of the alliance creates dangerous preconditions for a new arms race and the alliance is forced "to take adequate measures. Andrei Rusakovich, professor of Belarussian State University, explained in an interview with Eurasia.Expert why Russia and Belarus are increasing military cooperation and how cooperation within the CSTO fits into these tasks.
Impactos das obras de drenagem e da urbanização no desempenho hidráulico de um canal em Aracaju/SE
Authors: Rodrigues Hiêgor Barreto , Lima Willams Andrade , Mendes Ludmilson Abritta
Published: October 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho do sistema de macrodrenagem do Canal Santa Maria, situado na cidade de Aracaju-SE, considerando a situação atual e futura, com base na máxima taxa de ocupação do solo permitida pelo Plano Diretor de Desenvolvimento Urbano (PDDU) municipal. Para a modelagem hidrodinâmica do canal, foi utilizado o software Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). Foi observado que a impermeabilização máxima da área poderá aumentar o escoamento superficial direto das sub-bacias em até 5,3 vezes e do sistema em mais de 50%, a vazão unitária de pico em até 150%, e pode ultrapassar os limites máximos de velocidade admissível e lâmina d’agua, ocorrendo o transbordamento do canal. Essas mudanças tornaram-se ainda mais intensas com a ocupação e impermeabilização da lagoa do bairro 17 de Março e seu entorno. Verificou-se que o projeto de dragagem aprovado pelo município, se não for implementado em conjunto com medidas que atenuem a geração de escoamento superficial nos lotes, tende a perder eficiência ao longo do tempo, considerando o aumento da urbanização e da taxa de impermeabilização da superfície dos lotes na região.
Comparação entre as técnicas de estabilização química e reforço com geossintético na melhoria da resistência ao cisalhamento de solo com baixa capacidade de suporte
Authors: Souza Júnior Alexandre De , Silvani Carina , Tenório Eduardo Antônio Guimarães , Patricio Jonny Dantas , Scariot Kênia Araújo de Lima , Lucena Lêda Christiane De Figueiredo Lopes
Published: October 2021

Solos de baixa resistência necessitam do uso de técnicas de consolidação, melhoramento e reforço no intuito de gerar uma redistribuição global das tensões e deformações. Entre elas, podem-se mencionar as técnicas de melhoramento com inserção de agentes cimentantes e de geossintéticos. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo realizar um estudo da resistência ao cisalhamento de um solo de baixa capacidade de suporte no seu estado natural e após o emprego da técnica de estabilização química e de inserção de materiais de reforço (geotêxtil não-tecido e geogrelha). A avaliação do comportamento mecânico do solo foi realizada por meio do ensaio triaxial do tipo não adensado e não drenado. A técnica de estabilização química do solo, comparada às técnicas de reforço com geossintéticos, proporcionou melhor comportamento resistente, visto que a inserção do cimento ao solo promoveu resultados superiores de resistência ao cisalhamento do solo pesquisado. Entretanto, a presente pesquisa não considerou as vantagens técnicas, econômicas e ambientais de cada tecnologia, porém esses aspectos podem inviabilizar as construções com solo melhorado.
Análise físico-mecânica de compósitos madeira-cimento e uso de modelos micromecânicos na predição de suas propriedades
Authors: Ruthes Heloiza Candeia , Morais César Augusto Galvão de , Almeida Diego Henrique de , Campos Cristiane Inácio de , Christoforo André Luis , Bertolini Marília Da Silva
Published: October 2021

Os compósitos madeira-cimento são formados por uma mistura de cimento Portland, água e resíduos de madeira em fibras ou partículas, aplicando-se principalmente em painéis, obtendo-se um destino aos resíduos da indústria madeireira. Fatores como a espécie, tratamento e dimensão das partículas de madeira interferem no desempenho físico e mecânico dos compósitos e por isso são continuamente investigados na literatura. Dessa forma, nesse trabalho apresentou-se uma análise físico-mecânica experimental de compósitos madeira-cimento com resíduos de Pinus sp. e bambu da espécie Dendrocalamus giganteus tratados em água quente e analisou-se seus efeitos na densidade, o módulo de elasticidade e o módulo de ruptura obtidos através de ensaio de compressão. Avaliou-se, também, a aplicação de modelos micromecânicos (regras de mistura) na predição do módulo de elasticidade. Por fim, os resultados experimentais foram analisados estatisticamente e o módulo de elasticidade obtido pelos modelos micromecânicos foram comparados aos obtidos experimentalmente.
Confiabilidade estrutural e simulação numérica de vigas de Madeira Lamelada Colada (MLC) reforçadas com fibra sintética
Authors: Vilela Ramon , Mascia Nilson Tadeu , Donadon Bruno Fazendeiro
Published: October 2021

As vigas de Madeira Lamelada Colada (MLC) têm sido amplamente empregadas em estruturas que exigem o uso de vãos e formas não convencionais. Em casos que são requeridos elementos estruturais com maior resistência e/ou rigidez, o uso de reforço estrutural pode ser necessário para que os elementos atendam aos requisitos de projeto. Entretanto, as normas brasileiras não contemplam um método para análise e dimensionamento de elementos de madeira reforçados por fibras. Nesse sentido, este trabalho visa avaliar a confiabilidade estrutural do dimensionamento de vigas de MLC da espécie Pinus taeda reforçadas com fibras de Vectran® via método dos elementos finitos. Simulações numéricas foram realizadas através do software ANSYS®, tendo como parâmetros de resistência e rigidez para a viga aqueles estabelecidos pela norma brasileira de estruturas de madeira e a teoria dos volumes para estimar os parâmetros físico-mecânicos para reforço com fibras. A probabilidade de falha do dimensionamento foi aplicando a simulação de Monte Carlo por meio de um programa implementado em linguagem Matlab®. A variação das propriedades mecânicas da madeira, adesivo e fibra foi considerada nessa simulação, bem como as correlações de Pearson entre elas. Constatou-se que a aplicação do reforço melhorou as capacidades de resistência nos estados limites últimos e de serviço. Além disso, os carregamentos médios limites produzidos pelos modelos normativos demonstraram-se mais conservadores quanto ao estado limite último, comparado ao método probabilístico.
Parques Nacionales y la configuración de un destino turístico: transformaciones socio territoriales en San Martín de los Andes, Argentina (1937-1955)
Authors: Landini Gabriela
Published: October 2021

La creación de áreas protegidas en Argentina inició a principios del siglo XX con una fuerte influencia del modelo norteamericano y se consolidó con la conformación de la Dirección de Parques Nacionales (1934). En este artículo analizamos el proceso de creación de un lugar turístico en el área de San Martín de los Andes como resultado de las intervenciones promovidas a partir del establecimiento del Parque Nacional Lanín (1937). La metodología consistió en el análisis de bibliografía especializada y fuentes de distintas procedencias: archivos de la Administración de Parques Nacionales, Censos Nacionales y de Territorios Nacionales; y guías de turismo y otras publicaciones que circularon durante el período de análisis. El inicio de la actividad turística en una región que era política y económicamente marginal trajo aparejada una dinámica de espacialización particular, destacándose el fomento de una urbanización que iba, paradójicamente, de la mano de la conservación de grandes extensiones de tierra como reservorios de una naturaleza “inalterada”.
De relatos de anticonquista, coleccionismo y musealizaciones: François Machon en la Patagonia (1892)
Authors: Sánchez del Olmo Sara
Published: October 2021

En 1892, el médico suizo François Machon realizó una expedición a la Patagonia, Argentina, cuya finalidad era buscar tierras susceptibles de ser colonizadas a gran escala. Durante su viaje dio forma a un relato en el que dejó consignada su experiencia; al tiempo, realizó fotografías e hizo acopio de numerosos objetos y restos humanos que, años después, donó a diferentes museos. Este trabajo tiene como finalidad examinar críticamente este viaje y sus consecuencias: a partir del análisis del relato producido por Machon y asociando este con las colecciones museísticas queremos poner en evidencia los estrechos vínculos entre los proyectos de colonización decimonónicos, el desarrollo de las disciplinas científicas y la constitución de colecciones. Al tiempo, queremos mostrar cómo la mirada y el discurso de Machon sobre la Patagonia se perpetuaron y se propagaron –en el tiempo y en el espacio- a través de las vitrinas de un museo.
Bajo el sol ardiente y la lluvia torrencial. Viajeros extranjeros y clima colombiano en el siglo XIX
Authors: Mora Pacheco Katherine Giselle , Cortés Guerrero José David
Published: October 2021

Después de la independencia y a lo largo del siglo XIX, muchos extranjeros estuvieron en Colombia y publicaron sus relatos de viaje. La experiencia para estos viajeros de latitudes medias, en las tierras bajas de un país tropical, fue casi una pesadilla. Sus descripciones resaltan el calor insoportable, la humedad, los mosquitos, las enfermedades y “la pereza” de los pobladores de estos entornos. Su percepción iba cambiando mientras remontaban los Andes y encontraban lugares donde la temperatura decrecía. Entonces, se sentían en una especie de “eterna primavera” o “perpetuo otoño”. Este artículo presenta una reconstrucción de percepciones extranjeras sobre el estado del tiempo y el clima, y de registros relevantes para el estudio de la Historia Climática en Colombia.
Una escocesa enamorada de México: la obra de Madame Fanny Calderón de la Barca
Authors: Esparza Ramírez Juan Carlos
Published: October 2021

La vida en México, obra de Madame Fanny Calderón de la Barca, es un texto esencial para el conocimiento del México del siglo XIX, particularmente entre los años 1840 y 1841. Su riqueza radica, además de las descripciones de primera mano por parte de su atura, de los paisajes, sitios, personajes, costumbres y alimentos, en ser la primera obra de literatura de viajes del país escrita por una mujer. El texto, además, posee el mérito de haber trascendido pese a las dificultades experimentadas por la autora como mujer en una época y en un lugar en el que no se le daba crédito a su género y por los vaivenes de la política, tanto en México, como en España y Estados Unidos, países donde residió, así por el notable ejercicio de comprensión de un mundo opuesto a ella.
Yucatán como escenario histórico en los textos de Alice Dixon Le Plongeon y Maude Mason Austin
Authors: Álvarez Cuartero Izaskun
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo el análisis de la visión de Yucatán que ofrecen en sus obras dos autoras y viajeras anglosajonas: Alice Dixon Le Plongeon y Maude Mason Austin. Aunque pertenecen a cronologías distintas y sus actividades y experiencias fueron dispares, enlazan dos de los episodios más atractivos de la dinámica historia de la península. En la fiebre arqueológica por los monumentos prehispánicos yucatecos es donde se sitúa la británica Alice Dixon Le Plongeon, autora de Notes on Yucatán, publicadas en 1879, fruto de una larga estancia de trabajo junto a su marido, el arqueólogo Augustus Le Plongeon. La segunda protagonista de este estudio es Sue Mason Austin, habitualmente llamada Maude Mason Austin, que viajaría por el México posrevolucionario durante las dos primeras décadas del siglo XX y que nos dejaría un testimonio extraordinario titulado En Yucatán. Ambos trabajos construyen un retrato veraz de la región y de sí mismas en sus estrategias de representación.
La visión del otro en el viaje de reconocimiento de la Costa del Seno Mexicano de José de Escandón (1747)
Authors: Olvera Charles Fernando
Published: October 2021

El descubrimiento de América y, posterior, proceso de expansión colonial hispana, generaron sendos viajes de exploración, por vía marítima o terrestre. Estas travesías generaron abundante información del paisaje, de la flora y fauna y de sus pobladores autóctonos. El artículo aborda el uso de estas fuentes en la historiografía, que explica ese proceso y reconstruye las características culturales de los aborígenes. Se busca hacer una revaloración crítica y debatir su utilidad, basándose en el diario de viaje elaborado por José de Escandón en 1747. Otro objetivo consiste en develar aquellas bases que influyeron en la descripción de los indígenas del Nuevo Mundo, con base en el enfoque de la otroedad. La indagación ha permitido plantear supuestos teóricos y metodológicos que posibilitan un análisis más reflexivo sobre las fuentes y su uso. Así como elementos para acceder a una mejor comprensión del significado y utilidad que la información recopilada tuvo en el contexto de sus autores.
Ishmael’s Night of Rest and Relaxation
Authors: Jordan Rieke
Published: October 2021

My article on Moby-Dick explores the juxtaposition of self and other, alienation and community, friendship and leisure. By way of the book’s famous fourth chapter, “The Counterpane,” I argue that repose, conceived as a way of spending time, exposes some of the contradictions of the capitalist dictum of industriousness. The quilt that features so prominently in the chapter is to be underestood as a figure of resting and relaxing, which accumulates a patchwork of additional meanings through Ishmael’s contradictory experiences during the night at the Spouter-Inn with Queequeg.
SPECIES COMPOSITION AND RELATIVE POPULATION SIZE OF FISHES IN THE OSTER RIVER (THE DESNA RIVER BASIN): 50 YEARS ANALYSIS
Authors: Mezhzherin S. V. , Kokodii S. V. , Lutsenko D. S. , Tsyba А. О.
Published: October 2021

Inroduction. Changes in the species composition and population size of freshwater fihes are determined by deformations of the habitat in Ukraine and are characterized by a pronounced negative dynamics. Deformation of ichthyofauna is caused by extinction of a number of aboriginal fihes and emergence of alien species.Aim. To establish the current species composition and relative population size of fih species in the Oster River and the dynamics of these characteristics over a 50-yearlong period in the context of negative transformations of the ichthyofauna of the rivers of Ukraine.Results. Comparative study of the species composition and relative population size of fih species in the fih catches by small-river fihing gear in the Oster river was conducted during the period since 1971-72 till 2019. During this time considerable changes in species composition took place. The following species disappeared from the catches: Leuciscus leuciscus, Leuciscus idus, Chondrostoma nasus, Carassius carassius, Blicca bojerkna and Neogobius flviatilis, they were replaced by three invasion species (Percottus glenni, Pseudorasbora parva, Proterorhinus marmoratus). The changes in the dominant species took place, thus, in the Oster ichthyocene the species with the short life cycle started to prevail, the share of invasion species increased from 1.4 to 37%, and the share of initial marine fih among them is very low. The comparison with the river systems of the Stugna and the Lower Dnipro represents the fact that the mentioned negative tendencies are common for the whole Dnipro system, however the situation in the Lower Dnipro must be considered less critical than in the Oster and the Stugna rivers. The fact that the catches of industrial fih decreased more than 10 times in the Desna river during this period of time gives the reason to consider that the dramatic reduction of the absolute number of their populations occurred in the Oster river as well. That is why even relatively safe species (Abramis brama, Rutilus ritilus, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Esox lucius, Perca flviatilis, Alburnus alburnus, Squalius cephalus) are in critical situation in this transformed river system.Сonclusions. In the ichthyocene of the Oster River over a 50-year period there have been signifiant changes in species composition, relative and absolute population numbers associated with the extinction and reduction of population sizes of rheophilic species and fih that are adapted to life in the flodplain. The modern Oster River is dominated by invasive and short-cycle species. The obtained tendencies in the dynamics of the ichthyofauna of the Oster River are similar to the nature of changes in other river systems of Ukraine, although they occur at a faster pace, which is characteristic of the smallest plain rivers.
MICROBIOTA OF URBAN SOILS OF GREEN PLANTATIONS OF KYIV WITH THE ADDITION OF SILICON-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
Authors: Ellanska N. E., , Yunosheva O. P.
Published: October 2021

Problem. Intensive human pressure on urban ecosystems in big cities, such as Kyiv, leads to cenotic and trophic relations disbalance, agronomically useful microbiota and microfauna inhibition, plant resistance to any stressors decrease and disruption of normal soil formation. Therefore, it is important to find new effective, economically viable and environmentally safe methods to overcome soil sickness in city plantations.
Aim. To study the structural and functional peculiarities of organization of soil microbial groups in anthropogenically disturbed zones of Kyiv green plantations in order to overcome soil fatigue with the use of natural substances - silicon-containing mineral analcime.
Methods. Investigations were carried out on the basis of the National Botanical Garden M.M. Gryshko NAS of Ukraine, Department of Allelopathy. Six research regions in the most сontaminated and anthropogenically disturbed green areas of the Kyiv Obolonsky district were selected as objects. Twice a year, samples of root soil were taken at 0-20 cm depth before application (May) and 3.5 months after application of silicon-containing mixture (analcime) (September). The selection of soil samples, preparation and saving for the study of aerobic microbiota were carried out in accordance with ISO 10381-6-2001. The quantity of microorganisms of main ecological and trophic groups, direction of microbiological processes, identification of soil micromycetes were determined by conventional microbiological methods.
Results. The results of this work showed that 3.5 months after the addition of the silicon-containing mixture, there were significant changes in the structure of the soil microbiocenosis. The increase in the number of microorganisms involved in the transformation of nitrogen compounds and the reduction of phytotoxic forms of soil fungi were detected, which indicates favorable conditions for the synthesis of humic compounds. The biggest changes were observed on the side of the highway with active emissions from automobiles and in the park, where higher content of iron ions was determined in the water for irrigation.
Conclusions. The conducted research made it possible to estimate the structural and functional organization of microbial groups of the soils in a separate Kyiv district under different anthropogenic influence before and after the addition of silicon-containing mixture.
BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF SOLUBLE LECTINS IN CORN UNDER THE IMPACT OF WATER DEFICIT AND HYPERTHERMIA
Authors: Ryshchakova O. V. , Molodchenkova О. О. , Petrov S. A.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Drought and high temperature are two of the key factors of the environment limiting crop capacity of grains. Response of the plants to drought and high temperature is very complex and includes interaction between various molecular, physiological and biochemical processes. Synthesis of a number of proteins present under normal conditions, including lectins, increases along with synthesis of stress proteins under adverse conditions.Aim. The goal of our study is to identify the changes in the activity and biochemical characteristics of soluble lectins in maize seedlings with different drought tolerance under water and heat stress in order to create new biochemical methods for assessing drought tolerance.Methods. Three-day young sprouts of corn lines (Zea mays L.) with different levels of drought tolerance were used in the research: drought-tolerant lines Od 329, IK107 zM, non-drought tolerant lines GK 26, IK107VS3 / 66. Lectin activity was defined on the basis of their ability to agglutinate trypsinized erythrocytes of white rats. Electrophoresis was performed in 10 % PAGE following the Laemmli method.Results. The study enabled us to identify increase in soluble lectin activity (244-281 % of the reference value) under the given stress factors in drought-tolerant lines, and decrease in soluble lectin activity (39 - 79 % of reference value) under the given stress factors in non-drought-tolerant lines. Soluble lectins were isolated and purifid using salting out with ammonium sulfate, dialysis and affiity chromatography. The molecular weight of the isolated soluble lectins is in the range of 50-60 kDa. The isolated lectins had a high affiity for N-acetylglucosamine and D-fructose-6-phosphate.Conclusion. Therefore, it has been established that corn lines with positively different levels of drought tolerance are characterized by varying activity of soluble lectins.
IMBALANCE OF ANTIOXIDANT-PROOXIDANT SYSTEM IN RAT'S JAW BONE TISSUE UNDER LONG-TERM INTRODUCTION OF ETHANOL
Authors: Makarenko О. А. , Kika V. V. , Mudrik L. M.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Nowadays, it is unclear what the trigger for bone resorption under the influence of chronic alcohol consumption is. As the reactions of conversion of ethanol into acetic acid are accompanied by an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species, it can be assumed that the formation of oxidative stress with prolonged alcohol consumption occurs in bone tissue as well.
Aim. Research of the effect of chronic administration of ethanol to females and males laboratory rats on indices of resorption, osteogenesis, the condition of the antioxidant-prooxidant system in bone tissue.
Materials and Methods. 2-month old animals received from 5 % to 15 % of ethanol in their drinking water with gradual increase of the concentration. The lower jaws were segregated, and the degree of atrophy of the alveolar process was calculated. The activity of elastase, acidic (AcF) and alkaline phosphatase (AlF), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione reductase and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) content were determined in the bone tissue homogenates.
Results. Chronic alcohol consumption contributed to an increase in alveolar bone atrophy, increased activity of biochemical markers of bone resorption (elastase by 32.2 %, AcF – by 33.6 %), decreased osteogenesis (AlF activity by 32.4 %). Alcohol intoxication led to oxidative imbalance of bone tissue: a decrease in SOD activity by an average of 16.9 %, glutathione reductase activity by 36.2 %, increase in catalase activity by 35.9 % and an increase in MDA levels by 51.8 %.
Conclusion. Chronic alcohol consumption stimulates atrophy of the alveolar process of the rat jaw, induces oxidative imbalance in bone tissue, which can be a trigger pathogenetic factor in further development of resorption pro-inflammatory processes in bone tissue and inhibition of bone formation.