bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The sub-parsec structure of AGN with VLTI/GRAVITY
Authors: Lutz Dieter , Shimizu Taro , Sturm Eckhard , Santos Daryl , Davies Ric , Pfuhl Oliver , Dexter Jason , Cao Yixian ,   GRAVITY Collaboration
Published: October 2024

The central parsec of AGN is a key region for the launching of winds, and near-infrared interferometry is a unique tool for its study. With GRAVITY at the VLT interferometer, we can now spatially resolve not just the hot dust continuum on milliarcsecond ‘torus’ scales through imaging but also the broad-line region (BLR) on microarcsecond scales through spectro-astrometry. We have mapped the kinematics of the BLR in seven nearby AGN, measured sizes of the hot dust for seventeen AGN, and reconstructed dust images for two AGN. BLR kinematics has allowed us to measure the BLR size and supermassive black hole mass independent of reverberation mapping. The ongoing GRAVITY+ upgrade will greatly enhance the sensitivity and sky coverage of GRAVITY, and first results demonstrate its power for AGN science at z∼2 and beyond.
Super massive black hole and host galaxy growth at the onset of strong feedback at z = 6 – 7.5
Authors: Feruglio Chiara , Bischetti Manuela , Tripodi Roberta , Fiore Fabrizio , Piconcelli Enrico , Zappacosta Luca
Published: October 2024

The first quasars at the Reionisation Epoch, z ∼ 6-7.5, probe the early stages of supermassive black holes and host galaxy assembly. In this paper, we present recent results, exploiting VLT, ALMA and NOEMA observations, that allow us to constrain the onset of strong black hole feedback, the dust properties and star formation rates in high redshift quasars with unprecedented accuracy. These results highlight the strategic importance of ALMA high frequency (i.e. Band 9 and 8) observations to obtain a reliable overview of the host galaxy and supermassive black hole growth out to the highest redshifts.
BAL effect in quasars due to source orientation
Authors: Sniegowska M. , Naddaf M. H. , Martinez-Aldama M. L. , Marziani P. , Panda S. , Czerny B.
Published: October 2024

We investigated a scenario where the presence of a broad absorption line (BAL) feature in quasars (QSOs) is contingent upon the line of sight being situated within an outflow cone emanating from the source. We examined the mechanism of dust-driven winds based on the failed radiatively accelerated dusty outflow (FRADO) model proposed by Czerny & Hryniewicz, letting it be responsible for the formation of massive outflow. We calculated the probability of observing the BAL effect from the geometry of outflow which is a function of global parameters of black hole mass (M•), Eddington ratio (αEdd), and metallicity (Z). We then compared the results with prevalence of BAL QSOs in a sample of observational data from SDSS. The consistency of our model with the data supports the interpretation of the BAL phenomenon as a result of source orientation, rather than a transitory stage in AGN evolution.
5–12 pc resolution ALMA imaging of gas and dust in the obscured compact nucleus of IRAS 17578-0400
Authors: Yang Chentao , Aalto Susanne , König Sabine , Del Palacio Santiago , Gorski Mark , Linden Sean , Muller Sebastien , Onishi Kyoko , Sato Mamiko , Wethers Clare
Published: October 2024

We here present 0.02–0.04″ resolution ALMA observation of the compact obscured nucleus (CON) of IRAS 17578-0400. A dusty torus within the nucleus, approximately 4 pc in radius, has been uncovered, exhibiting a usually flat spectral index at ALMA band 3, likely due to the millimeter corona emission from the central supermassive black hole (SMBH). The dense gas disk, traced by 13CO(1-0), spans 7 pc in radius and suggests an outflow driven by a disk wind due to its asymmetrical structure along the minor axis. Collimated molecular outflows (CMO), traced by the low-velocity components of the HCN(3-2) and HCO+(3-2) lines, align with the minor axis gas disk. Examination of position-velocity plots of HCN(3-2) and HCO+(3-2) reveals a flared dense gas disk extended a radius of ∼60 pc, infalling and rotating at speeds of about 200 km s−1 and 300 km s−1 respectively. A centrifugal barrier, located around 4 pc from the dynamical center, implies an SMBH mass of approximately 108Mȯ, consistent with millimeter corona emission estimates. The CMO maintains a steady rotation speed of 200 km s−1 over the 100 pc scale along the minor axis. The projected speed of the CMO is about 80 km s−1, corresponding to around ∼500 km s−1, assuming an inclination angle of 80°. Such a kinematics structure of disk-driven collimated rotating molecular outflow with gas supplies from a falling rotating disk indicates that the feedback of the compact obscured nucleus is likely regulated by the momentum transfer of the molecular gas that connects to both the feeding of the nuclear starburst and supermassive black hole.
Dynamics of M87 jet
Authors: Lyutikov Maxim
Published: October 2024

Flows originating from black hole magnetospheres via Blandford-Znajek (BZ) process start highly relativistically, with very large Lorentz factors γ0 1, imprinted into the flow during pair production within the gaps. As a result, BZ-driven outflows would produce spine-brightened images, contrary to observations of the edge-brightened jet in M87. We conclude that M87 jet is not BZ-driven.
Legal consciousness and the crypto phenomenon: property ideologies, innovations and potential ramifications on financial system stability
Authors: Hung Alvin Hoi-Chun
Published: October 2024

How does the understanding of law among individuals involved in the crypto phenomenon originate, and how does it impact the trajectory of this innovation? This article examines the legal consciousness of crypto industry participants and state actors, exploring their ideologies on law, property and innovation through extensive document and archival research. It highlights the interplay between the crypto industry’s perception of crypto-assets’ possessing dynamic and self-regulating qualities beyond traditional legal boundaries and the increasing willingness of state actors, despite their reservations, to utilise law as a flexible tool to embrace innovation and promote economic competitiveness. By employing Minsky’s financial instability hypothesis, this article contextualises such legal consciousness within the financial system and contends that collective legal consciousness and associated behavioural dynamics substantially shape state–industry interactions, with the potential to destabilise the financial system. This article sheds light on the challenges presented by crypto-assets and the intricate interplay between law and technological advancements.
Confirmation of synthetic auxin herbicide resistance in a green pigweed (Amaranthus powellii) population from Ontario, Canada
Authors: Aicklen Isabelle K. , Smith Peter J. , Metzger Brendan , Robinson Darren E. , Sikkema Peter H. , Tardif François J.
Published: October 2024

Following the application of MCPA/MCPB at 1.7 kg ae ha−1 at a field site near Dresden, ON, Canada, poor control (<50% visible control) of green pigweed (Amaranthus powellii S. Watson) was observed. Amaranthus powellii is a common weed in Ontario crop production, and its evolution of resistance to synthetic auxin herbicides (SAHs) could pose a risk to crop yields. The suspected resistant A. powellii population (R) was used in dose–response and field experiments to determine resistance to SAHs. The objective of these studies was to determine whether this population of A. powellii is resistant to MCPA and cross-resistant to other SAHs. The GR50 (herbicide dose that causes a 50% reduction in plant aboveground biomass) values were determined by fitting plant dry weight data, obtained following application with seven SAHs, to a four-parameter log-logistic equation and were compared between the suspected-resistant (R) population and a known susceptible (S) population of A. powellii. The field trial was conducted in 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2021 in corn (Zea mays L.) and consisted of 11 postemergence SAH treatments. The GR50 values differed between the R and S populations following application with MCPA, aminocyclopyrachlor, dichlorprop-p, and mecoprop, resulting in resistance factors of 4.4, 3.0, 2.5, and 2.4, respectively. In the field study, dicamba and MCPA ester controlled A. powellii 84% and 30%, respectively, at 8 wk after treatment application (WAA). The control of Amaranthus powellii with all SAHs applied POST in corn was poor (<90% visible control) at 8 WAA. Both studies confirmed resistance to SAHs in this population of A. powellii, which will create limitations for farmers aiming to control this weed.
Thermoluminescence and Apollo 17 ANGSA Lunar Samples: NASA's Fifty‐Year Experiment and Prospecting for Cold Traps
Authors: Sears Derek W. G. , Sehlke Alexander , Schmitt Harrison H. ,   the ANGSA Science Team
Published: October 2024

By placing Apollo 17 regolith samples in a freezer, and storing an equivalent set at room temperature, NASA effectively performed a 50‐year experiment in the kinetics of natural thermoluminescence (TL) of the lunar regolith. We have performed a detailed analysis of the TL characteristics of four regolith samples: a sunlit sample near the landing site (70180), a sample 3 m deep near the landing site (70001), a sample partially shaded by a boulder (72320), and a sample completely shaded by a boulder (76240). We find evidence for a total of eight discrete TL peaks, five apparent in curves for samples in the natural state and seven in samples irradiated in the laboratory at room temperature. For each peak, we suggest values for peak temperatures and the kinetic parameters E (activation energy, i.e. “trap depth,” eV) and s (Arrhenius factor, s−1). The lowest natural TL peak in the continuously shaded sample 76240 dropped in intensity by 60 ± 10% (1976 vs. present room temperature samples) and 43 ± 8% (freezer vs. room temperature samples) over the 50‐year storage period, while sunlit and partially shaded samples (70001, 70180, 72321, 72320) showed no change. These results are consistent with the E and s parameters we determined. The large number of peaks, and the appearance of additional peaks after irradiation at room temperature, and literature data, suggest that glow curve peaks are present in lunar regolith at ∼100 K and their intensity can be used to determine temperature and storage time. Thus, a TL instrument on the Moon could be used to prospect for micro‐cold traps capable of the storage of water and other volatiles.
Sensing of endogenous retroviruses-derived RNA by ZBP1 triggers PANoptosis in DNA damage and contributes to toxic side effects of chemotherapy
Authors: Wang Fang , Li Kaiying , Wang Wensheng , Hui Jiang , He Jiangping , Cai Jin , Ren Wenqing , Zhao Yaxing , Song Qianqian , He Yuan , Ma Yanlei , Feng Xiaona , Liu Yue , Yu Jianqiang , Siriporn Jitkaew , Ma Dan , Cai Zhenyu
Published: October 2024

Excessive DNA damage triggers various types of programmed cell death (PCD), yet the regulatory mechanism of DNA damage-induced cell death is not fully understood. Here, we report that PANoptosis, a coordinated PCD pathway, including pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis, is activated by DNA damage. The Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) is the apical sensor of PANoptosis and essential for PANoptosome assembly in response to DNA damage. We find endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are activated by DNA damage and act as ligands for ZBP1 to trigger PANoptosis. By using ZBP1 knock-out and knock-in mice disrupting ZBP1 nucleic acid-binding activity, we demonstrate that ZBP1-mediated PANoptosis contributes to the toxic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, which is dependent on ZBP1 nucleic acid-binding activity. We found that ZBP1 expression is downregulated in tumor tissue. Furthermore, in colorectal cancer patients, dsRNA is induced by chemotherapy and sensed by ZBP1 in normal colonic tissues, suggesting ZBP1-mediated PANoptosis is activated by chemotherapy in normal tissues. Our findings indicate that ZBP1-mediated PANoptosis is activated by DNA damage and contributes to the toxic side effects of DNA-damage-based chemotherapy. These data suggest that ZBP1 could be a promising therapeutic target to alleviate chemotherapy-related side effects.
Stability and sensitivity of interacting fermionic superfluids to quenched disorder
Authors: Koch Jennifer , Barbosa Sian , Lang Felix , Widera Artur
Published: October 2024

The microscopic pair structure of superfluids has profound consequences on their properties. Delocalized pairs are predicted to be less affected by static disorder than localized pairs. Ultracold gases allow tuning the pair size via interactions, where for resonant interaction superfluids show largest critical velocity, i.e., stability against perturbations. The sensitivity of such fluids to strong, time-dependent disorder is less explored. Here, we investigate ultracold, interacting Fermi gases across various interaction regimes after rapid switching optical disorder potentials. We record the ability for quantum hydrodynamic expansion of the gas to quantify its long-range phase coherence. Contrary to static expectations, the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) exhibits significant resilience against disorder quenches, while the resonantly interacting Fermi gas permanently loses quantum hydrodynamics. Our findings suggest an additional absorption channel perturbing the resonantly interacting gas as pairs can be directly affected by the disorder quench.
Large-scale conformal synthesis of one-dimensional MAX phases
Authors: Li Yuting , Kong Haoran , Yan Jin , Wang Qinhuan , Liu Xiang , Xiang Mingxue , Wang Yu
Published: October 2024

MAX phases, a unique class of layered ternary compounds, along with their two-dimensional derivatives, MXenes, have drawn considerable attention in many fields. Notably, their one-dimensional (1D) counterpart exhibits more distinct properties and enhanced assemblability for broader applications. We propose a conformal synthetic route for 1D-MAX phases fabrication by integrating additional atoms into nanofibers template within a molten salt environment, enabling in-situ crystalline transformation. Several 1D-MAX phases are successfully synthesized on a large scale. Demonstrating its potential, a copper-based layer-by-layer composites containing 1% by volume of 1D-Ti2AlC reinforced phase achieves an impressive 98 IACS% conductivity and a friction coefficient of 0.08, while maintaining mechanical properties comparable to other Cu-MAX phase composites, making it suitable for advanced industrial areas. This strategy may promise opportunities for the fabrication of various 1D-MAX phases.
Epigenetic memory of radiotherapy in dermal fibroblasts impairs wound repair capacity in cancer survivors
Authors: Bian Xiaowei , Piipponen Minna , Liu Zhuang , Luo Lihua , Geara Jennifer , Chen Yongjian , Sangsuwan Traimate , Maselli Monica , Diaz Candice , Bain Connor A. , Eenjes Evelien , Genander Maria , Crichton Michael , Cash Jenna L. , Archambault Louis , Haghdoost Siamak , Fradette Julie , Sommar Pehr , Halle Martin , Xu Landén Ning
Published: October 2024

Radiotherapy (RT), a common cancer treatment, unintentionally harms surrounding tissues, including the skin, and hinders wound healing years after treatment. This study aims to understand the mechanisms behind these late-onset adverse effects. We compare skin biopsies from previously irradiated (RT+) and non-irradiated (RT−) sites in breast cancer survivors who underwent RT years ago. Here we show that the RT+ skin has compromised healing capacity and fibroblast functions. Using ATAC-seq, we discover altered chromatin landscapes in RT+ fibroblasts, with THBS1 identified as a crucial epigenetically primed wound repair-related gene. This is further confirmed by single-cell RNA-sequencing and spatial transcriptomic analysis of human wounds. Notably, fibroblasts in both murine and human post-radiation wound models show heightened and sustained THBS1 expression, impairing fibroblast motility and contractility. Treatment with anti-THBS1 antibodies promotes ex vivo wound closure in RT+ skin from breast cancer survivors. Our findings suggest that fibroblasts retain a long-term radiation memory in the form of epigenetic changes. Targeting this maladaptive epigenetic memory could mitigate RT’s late-onset adverse effects, improving the quality of life for cancer survivors.
Phospho-signaling couples polar asymmetry and proteolysis within a membraneless microdomain in Caulobacter crescentus
Authors: Ahmed Yasin M. , Brown Logan M. , Varga Krisztina , Bowman Grant R.
Published: October 2024

Asymmetric cell division in bacteria is achieved through cell polarization, where regulatory proteins are directed to specific cell poles. In Caulobacter crescentus, both poles contain a membraneless microdomain, established by the polar assembly hub PopZ, through most of the cell cycle, yet many PopZ clients are unipolar and transiently localized. We find that PopZ’s interaction with the response regulator CpdR is controlled by phosphorylation, via the histidine kinase CckA. Phosphorylated CpdR does not interact with PopZ and is not localized to cell poles. At poles where CckA acts as a phosphatase, dephosphorylated CpdR binds directly with PopZ and subsequently recruits ClpX, substrates, and other members of a protease complex to the cell pole. We also find that co-recruitment of protease components and substrates to polar microdomains enhances their coordinated activity. This study connects phospho-signaling with polar assembly and the activity of a protease that triggers cell cycle progression and cell differentiation.
Arctic freshwater outflow suppressed Nordic Seas overturning and oceanic heat transport during the Last Interglacial
Authors: Ezat Mohamed M. , Fahl Kirsten , Rasmussen Tine L.
Published: October 2024

The Last Interglacial period (LIG) was characterized by a long-term Arctic atmospheric warming above the preindustrial level. The LIG thus provides a case study of Arctic feedback mechanisms of the cryosphere-ocean circulation-climate system under warm climatic conditions. Previous studies suggested a delay in the LIG peak warming in the North Atlantic compared to the Southern Ocean and evoked the possibility of southward extension of Arctic sea ice to the southern Norwegian Sea during the early LIG. Here we compile new and published proxy data on past changes in sea ice distribution, sea surface temperature and salinity, deep ocean convection, and meltwater sources based on well-dated records from the Norwegian Sea. Our data suggest that southward outflow of Arctic freshwater supressed Nordic Seas deep-water formation and northward oceanic heat transport during the early LIG. These findings showcase the complex feedback interactions between a warming climate, sea ice, ocean circulation and regional climate.
MatSwarm: trusted swarm transfer learning driven materials computation for secure big data sharing
Authors: Wang Ran , Xu Cheng , Zhang Shuhao , Ye Fangwen , Tang Yusen , Tang Sisui , Zhang Hangning , Du Wendi , Zhang Xiaotong
Published: October 2024

The rapid advancement of Industry 4.0 necessitates close collaboration among material research institutions to accelerate the development of novel materials. However, multi-institutional cooperation faces significant challenges in protecting sensitive data, leading to data silos. Additionally, the heterogeneous and non-independent and identically distributed (non-i.i.d.) nature of material data hinders model accuracy and generalization in collaborative computing. In this paper, we introduce the framework, built on swarm learning, which integrates federated learning with blockchain technology. features two key innovations: a swarm transfer learning method with a regularization term to enhance the alignment of local model parameters, and the use of Trusted Execution Environments (TEE) with Intel SGX for heightened security. These advancements significantly enhance accuracy, generalization, and ensure data confidentiality throughout the model training and aggregation processes. Implemented within the National Material Data Management and Services (NMDMS) platform, has successfully aggregated over 14 million material data entries from more than thirty research institutions across China. The framework has demonstrated superior accuracy and generalization compared to models trained independently by individual institutions.
N-type and P-type series integrated hydrogel thermoelectric cells for low-grade heat harvesting
Authors: Shen Jiafu , Huang Xi , Dai Yu , Zhang Xiaojin , Xia Fan
Published: October 2024

Low-grade heat is abundant and ubiquitous, but it is generally discarded due to the lack of cost-effective recovery technologies. Ion thermoelectric cells are an affordable and straightforward approach of converting low-grade heat into usable electricity for sustainable power. Despite their potential, ion thermoelectric cells face challenges such as limited Seebeck coefficient and required series integration. Here, we demonstrate that the N-type and P-type conversion of ion thermoelectric cells can be achieved through the phase transition of temperature-sensitive hydrogel containing the triiodide/iodide redox couple. Through the strong interaction between the hydrophobic region of the hydrogel and triiodide, the hydrophobic side selectively captures triiodide and the hydrophilic side repels triiodide, raising the concentration difference of triiodide and thereby increasing the Seebeck coefficient. Specifically, the Seebeck coefficient of the N-type ion thermoelectric cells is 7.7 mV K−1, and the Seebeck coefficient of P-type ion thermoelectric cells is −6.3 mV K−1 (ΔT = 15 K). By connecting 10 pairs of the N-type and P-type ion thermoelectric cells, we achieve a voltage of 1.8 V and an output power of 85 μW, surpassing the reported triiodide/iodide-based ion thermoelectric cells. Our work proposes a phase transition strategy for the N-P conversion of ion thermoelectric cells, and highlights the prospect of series integrated hydrogel ion thermoelectric cells for low-grade heat harvesting.
Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Delta/Omicron BA.5 emerging in an immunocompromised long-term infected COVID-19 patient
Authors: Garcia Ignacio , Bråte Jon , Fossum Even , Rohringer Andreas , Moen Line V. , Hungnes Olav , Fjære Olav , Zaragkoulias Kyriakos , Bragstad Karoline
Published: October 2024

The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus led to a global pandemic, prompting extensive research efforts to understand its molecular biology, transmission dynamics, and pathogenesis. Recombination events have been increasingly recognized as significant contributor to the virus’s diversity and evolution, potentially leading to the emergence of novel strains with altered biological properties. Indeed, recombinant lineages such as the XBB variant and its descendants have subsequently dominated globally. Therefore, continued surveillance and monitoring of viral genome diversity are crucial to identify and understand the emergence and spread of novel strains. Through routine genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 cases in Norway, we discovered a SARS-CoV-2 recombination event in a long-term infected immunocompromised COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) patient. A deeper investigation showed several recombination events between two distinct lineages of the virus, namely AY.98.1 and BA.5, that resulted in a single novel recombinant viral strain with a unique genetic signature. Our data is consistent with the presence of several concomitant recombinants in the patient, suggesting that these events occur frequently in vivo. This study underscores the importance of continued tracking of viral diversity and the potential impact of recombination events on the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Optimizing data transmission in 6G software defined networks using deep reinforcement learning for next generation of virtual environments
Authors: Naguib Khaled Mohamed , Ibrahim Ibrahim Ismail , Elmessalawy Mahmoud Mohamed , Abdelhaleem Ahmed Mostafa
Published: October 2024

Data transmission of Virtual Reality (VR) plays an important role in delivering a powerful VR experience. This increasing demand on both high bandwidth and low latency. 6G emerging technologies like Software Defined Network (SDN) and resource slicing are acting as promising technologies for addressing the transmission requirements of VR users. Efficient resource management becomes dominant to ensure a satisfactory user experience. The integration of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) allows for dynamic network resource balancing, minimizing communication latency and maximizing data transmission rates wirelessly. Employing slicing techniques further aids in managing distributed resources across the network for different services as enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) and Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC). The proposed VR-based SDN system model for 6G cellular networks facilitates centralized administration of resources, enhancing communication between VR users. This innovative solution seeks to contribute to the effective and streamlined resource management essential for VR video transmission in 6G cellular networks. The utilization of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) approaches, is presented as an alternative solution, showcasing significant performance and feature distinctions through comparative results. Our results show that implementing strategies based on DRL leads to a considerable improvement in the resource management process as well as in the achievable data rate and a reduction in the necessary latency in dynamic and large scale networks.
Implementation of a novel secured authentication protocol for cyber security applications
Authors: Suresh Kumar V. , Ibrahim Khalaf Osamah , Raman Chandan Radha , Bsoul Qusay , Kant Gupta Shashi , Zawaideh Firas , Mohammed Alsekait Deema , Salama AbdElminaam Diaa
Published: October 2024

Robust verification protocols are crucial for maintaining the security and reliability of sensitive information due to the increasing complexity of cyber-attacks. This paper introduces a novel 5G Secure Handover Protocol aimed at addressing security and effectiveness issues encountered in existing systems. The proposed protocol is robust against various attacks, including de-synchronization, replay, man-in-the-middle (MITM), denial of services (DoS), and jamming, ensures perfect forward key secrecy, safeguarding communication confidentiality. The proposed protocol utilizes a combination of spiking neural network and fuzzy logic (SNN-FL) techniques that must choose the goal cell as carefully as possible before initiating the transfer process. By combining fuzzy logic and spiking neural networks to reduce handover latency and thwart several types of cyberattacks, the proposed 5G Secure Handover Protocol improves security. Extensive simulations show its efficacy and emphasize its potential for safe communication in large-scale cybersecurity applications. The paper presents a novel secure authentication protocol that significantly reduces handover delays and improves efficiency. Simulations show its resilience against common security threats, protecting sensitive information and maintaining secure communication channels. The protocol, with low communication expenses, complex spatial, and latency for changeover verification, is ideal for large-scale cybersecurity applications, contributing to the development of secure digital authentication mechanisms.
Finite element analysis on the human and guinea pig cochlear vibration patterns under bone conduction stimulations
Authors: Zhao Mingduo , Stenfelt Stefan
Published: October 2024

To compare the vibrational patterns of human and guinea pig cochleae accurately, we developed and validated a novel finite element model of the guinea pig, leveraging it to analyze vibrational patterns in the cochlea. This approach is mirrored in our examination of the human cochlear model, providing granular insights into the nuances of human bone conduction hearing. The comparative analysis reveals that the guinea pig cochlea mirrors human cochlear vibrational patterns, thus serving as an efficient proxy for exploring human cochlear function. The human mastoid and the upper region of the guinea pig’s skull are recommended as the convenient and comparable sites for bone conduction stimulation. The cochlear vibration pattern encompasses a mix of rigid, rotational, and compressive motion. Significantly, the guinea pig model demonstrates robust agreement with existing experimental data and other studies, these findings are confirming the validity of the model. Our study delineates the distinct roles of the three vibration types across various frequency spectrums. At lower frequencies, rigid motion is the dominant mechanism, supplemented by rotational motion. However, at higher frequencies, the influence of rigid motion wanes, ceding prominence to rotational and compressive motions. This trend is consistently observed in both human and guinea pig models.
Proanthocyanidins protects 3-NPA-induced ovarian function decline by activating SESTRIN2-NRF2-mediated oxidative stress in mice
Authors: Huang Yupei , Cui Yanfan , Huang Jian , Xinyuan Huang , Zihang Wang , Luo Tao , Li Jia
Published: October 2024

Abnormal apoptosis of ovarian cells caused by oxidative stress is an important cause of premature ovarian failure (POF). Previous studies revealed that proanthocyanidins (PCs) are powerful natural antioxidants that can safely prevent oxidative damage in humans. However, the protective effect and mechanism of PCs on ovarian function during the course of POF remain unknown. In this study, female mice were injected with 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) to establish an ovarian oxidative stress model; at the same time, the mice were treated with PC via gavage. Thereafter, the expression of various apoptosis genes, hormones, and related molecules was assessed. Compared with those in the control group, the ovarian index, follicle count at all levels, expression of MVH, PCNA and BCL2, and estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) levels were significantly lower in the POF group, but significant recovery was observed in terms of MVH and PCNA expression and E2 and P levels in the POF + PCs group. The apoptosis marker genes BAX and ROS were significantly increased in the POF group but were notably restored in the POF + PCs group. In addition, the expression of Sestrin2, an antiapoptotic protein, was significantly increased in the PCs treatment group, as were the upstream and downstream regulatory factors NRF2 and SOD2, and the indices of the Sestrin2 overexpression group were similar to those of the PCs treatment group. In summary, these findings suggest that PCs have potential as innovative therapeutic agents for preventing and treating POF by activating the protective SESTRIN2-NRF2 pathway against oxidative stress.
“It happened to be the perfect thing”: experiences of generative AI chatbots for mental health
Authors: Siddals Steven , Torous John , Coxon Astrid
Published: October 2024

The global mental health crisis underscores the need for accessible, effective interventions. Chatbots based on generative artificial intelligence (AI), like ChatGPT, are emerging as novel solutions, but research on real-life usage is limited. We interviewed nineteen individuals about their experiences using generative AI chatbots for mental health. Participants reported high engagement and positive impacts, including better relationships and healing from trauma and loss. We developed four themes: (1) a sense of ‘emotional sanctuary’, (2) ‘insightful guidance’, particularly about relationships, (3) the ‘joy of connection’, and (4) comparisons between the ‘AI therapist’ and human therapy. Some themes echoed prior research on rule-based chatbots, while others seemed novel to generative AI. Participants emphasised the need for better safety guardrails, human-like memory and the ability to lead the therapeutic process. Generative AI chatbots may offer mental health support that feels meaningful to users, but further research is needed on safety and effectiveness.
Biomaterials: Protein Interactions with Glycosaminoglycan-Based Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Goude Melissa C. , Miller Tobias , McDevitt Todd C. , Temenoff Johnna S.
Published: October 2024

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear, negatively charged polysaccharides that interact with a variety of positively harged growth factors. In order to form tissue-engineered constructs, GAGs can be easily chemically modified for assembly into carriers of cells and biomolecules. Such modifications generally include functionalization to form three-dimensional scaffolds for a wide range of applications. However, chemical modifications can have effects on protein binding, as well as affect degradation processes, which, in turn, influence molecular release characteristics. Therefore, this chapter provides a review of GAG structure and protein-binding properties as well mechanisms of GAG degradation, followed by specific examples of how different modified GAG species have been employed in tissue-engineered constructs. Overall, GAG-based polymers are a versatile biomaterial platform offering novel means to engineer cellular and molecular delivery with a high degree of control in order to better treat a range of degenerate or injured tissues.
Biomaterials: Spatial Patterning of Biomolecule Presentation Using Biomaterial Culture Methods
Authors: Kyburz Kyle A. , Gandavarapu Navakanth R. , Azagarsamy Malar A. , Anseth Kristi S.
Published: October 2024

Cells interact with a spatially complex and highly dynamic extracellular matrix (ECM), which orchestrates their function. There is a growing interest among biomedical scientists to engineer in-vitro scaffolds that recapitulate certain important facets of the natural ECM to systematically probe and understand how extracellular signals alter various cellular functions, such as migration, differentiation, and proliferation. This chapter outlines methods and techniques to spatially pattern and dynamically alter biochemical cues in in-vitro cell culture scaffolds, and further highlights examples of their application in answering important questions about cell biology, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.
Inhibitory effect of tea flower polysaccharides on oxidative stress and microglial oxidative damage in aging mice by regulating gut microbiota
Authors: Cai Yidan , Liu Siyu , Ge Xing , Cheng Lu , Zhang Xin
Published: October 2024

Tea flower polysaccharides (TFPS) can improve the disorder of gut microbiota, alleviate oxidative damage to glial cells, alleviate neuroinflammation, and play a role in delaying aging.
Correction: Metal–organic frameworks as conductivity enhancers for all-solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Suriyakumar Shruti , Manoj Rohit M. , Jayaprakash Sreelakshmy K. , Kumar Sreelakshmi Anil , Sudhakaran Keerthy P. , Vijayan Vinesh , Shaijumon Manikoth M.
Published: October 2024

Correction for ‘Metal–organic frameworks as conductivity enhancers for all-solid-state lithium batteries’ by Shruti Suriyakumar et al., RSC Appl. Interfaces, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LF00263F.
High-throughput screening of bifunctional catalysts for oxygen evolution/reduction reaction at the subnanometer regime
Authors: Sharma Rahul Kumar , Minhas Harpriya , Pathak Biswarup
Published: October 2024

OER/ORR activity for transition metal subnano clusters catalysts (TMn, n = 7–15), reshaping the bifunctional activity at the subnanometer regime, replacing the Pt(111) surface and IrO2/RuO2 with Au11 clusters from the peak of the activity volcano.
“Sergeants-and-soldiers” principle in the synthesis of intrinsically chiral Au13 clusters
Authors: Mutoh Katsuya , Kawakita Sonomi , Yahagi Teppei , Nakashima Takuya
Published: October 2024

Single chiral ligand coordination effectively deracemizes intrinsically chiral Au13 clusters with binary mixed ligands of chiral and achiral diphosphines.
Performance of quantum chemistry methods for a benchmark set of spin-state energetics derived from experimental data of 17 transition metal complexes (SSE17)
Authors: Radoń Mariusz , Drabik Gabriela , Hodorowicz Maciej , Szklarzewicz Janusz
Published: October 2024

The accuracy of wave function and DFT methods for spin-state energetics benchmarked against curated experimental data of transition metal complexes.
Machine learning-assisted high-throughput screening of transparent organic light-emitting diode anode materials
Authors: Cui Liying , Li Qing , Zhang Yanchang , Zhang Jiao , Wang Zhe , Chen Jiankang , Zheng Bing
Published: October 2024

A target-driven material design framework for the rapid work function prediction of AB-type 2D nanomaterials is proposed to accelerate the discovery of transparent OLED anode materials.
Synergistic global and local flexibilities in Zr-based metal–organic frameworks enable sequential sieving of hexane isomers
Authors: Chen Rundao , Li Jiaqi , Zheng Fang , Zhou Fangru , Sheng Bin , Liu Baojian , Yang Qiwei , Zhang Zhiguo , Ren Qilong , Bao Zongbi
Published: October 2024

A dynamic MOF was proposed to sieve hexane isomers. Temperature-responsive sieving was verified to be a synergism of global and local flexibilities, which can be precisely controlled via damping block introduction and metal node enhancement.
Optical resolution via chiral auxiliaries of curved subphthalocyanine aromatics
Authors: Lavarda Giulia , Tejerina Lara , Torres Tomás , Martínez-Díaz M. Victoria
Published: October 2024

We report the optical resolution of inherently chiral, bowl-shaped subphthalocyanines (SubPcs) using BINOL-based chiral auxiliaries. Additionally, unprecedented bowl-to-bowl inversion of the SubPc macrocycle is observed under specific conditions.
Powering and Resistance Analysis of the 49 Meter Leganta Ship for Maritime Tourism in the Riau Islands Province
Authors: Prayetno Eko , Verandi Alde Vio , Mulyadi Sisilia , Putra Risandi Dwirama , Baihaque Muhd Ridho , Bin ABD Kader ABD Saman
Published: October 2024

Prediction of ship resistance is the main factor in determining the main engine power. Prediction of resistance and powering of the Leganta 49 meter leisure boat is carried out on the Software Resistance software which is based on empirical calculations of Holtrop and Fung. By knowing the estimated ship resistance, an estimate of the power required to be able to operate optimally during the voyage is obtained. testing with a maximum speed of 21 knots on the Holtrop method gives a predicted result of the total resistance calculation RT of 664.2 kN with the required power of 8969.57 kW. Meanwhile, the Fung method gives a predicted result of the total resistance calculation RT of 624.4 kN with the required power of 8431.83 kW.
UI/UX Design of Web-Based for Outcome-based Education (OBE) Assessment Information System in Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji (UMRAH) Using Prototype Method
Authors: Pertiwi Marisha , Efranda Nolan , Erwin Slam Berta , Ritha Nola , Bettiza Martaleli
Published: October 2024

Outcome-based Education (OBE) is one of the teaching approaches that influences the learning process starting from curriculum design, learning outcomes, learning methods, and forms of evaluation of learning. Implementation of the OBE curriculum will not run without a student learning outcome assessment system. Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji has implemented the OBE education system in 2024 in the Informatics Engineering study program. However, it does not yet have an information system for assessing Graduate Learning Outcomes and Course Learning Outcomes, so the assessment system is still carried out manually. This study aims to build an OBE curriculum Assessment Information System that can be accessed via the website based on performance indicators and assessment rubrics. Thus, it makes it easier for system users to assess student learning outcomes in the OBE curriculum. The UI/UX design of the OBE curriculum assessment information system refers to the OBE manual guidebook. The results of this study are in the form of a website-based information system design developed using the Prototype method. The framework used is MVC from Laravel which can make the process of creating a website more structured and organized so that it is easier to complete work faster. Then, this system uses API authentication tokens for website security. The testing method used in the prototype design uses the User Acceptance Test (UAT) by involving the UMRAH Informatics Engineering Lecturer Discussion Forum Group as users of the information system. The results of UAT test stated that the system design created can help solve problems in designing an OBE assessment information system because all users contributed to the development of the OBE assessment system so that the design of this system can be well received by users of the information system.
Temporal variability on Seagrass Cover and Species Composition in a Tourism Hotspot: A case study in Derawan Island
Authors: Kusumaningtyas Mariska Astrid , Zulfikar Andi , Rustam Agustin , Salim Hadiwijaya L. , Rahayu Yusmiana P. , Daulat August , Suryono Devi Dwiyanti , Ati Restu Nur Afi , Sudirman Nasir , Khairunnisa Khairunnisa , Hidayat Wahyu
Published: October 2024

Seagrass ecosystems in Derawan Island provide crucial services to coastal communities, including serving as a food source for sea turtles. However, like many coastal areas, seagrass ecosystem in Derawan Island faces significant challenges. One major issue is related to tourism, which affects seagrass both through land use changes for tourism development and through various tourism activities. This study aims to assess the resilience of the seagrass ecosystem on Derawan Island by examining temporal variability in seagrass cover and community structure. Permanent plots were established to monitor changes in seagrass cover and community composition. The observations were conducted following the SeagrassWatch method. Data were collected three times, in September 2018, March 2019, and August 2019. Seagrass cover during 3 times monitoring showed fluctuate trend (averaging 42.3%, 33.2%, and 32.3%, respectively). Pioneer species such as H. pinifolia dominated the seagrass meadow, maintaining a consistently higher cover compared to other species. Conversely, the species T. hemprichii was observed at lower levels, likely due to overgrazing by sea turtles, which may have prevented its recovery. This study provides valuable insights into the status and resilience of seagrass ecosystems in a tourism hotspot and offers information that could be useful for managing seagrass ecosystem on Derawan Island.
Analysis Of Hazardous Heavy Metal Content in Maritime Ecosystems
Authors: Fitriani Putri , Pardi Hilfi , Jordan Laila
Published: October 2024

Maritime ecosystems, rich in diverse biota and natural resources, are an essential element in maintaining global ecological balance. However, the sustainability of these ecosystems is threatened by harmful heavy metal contamination, which can jeopardize the health of maritime ecosystems and the well-being of humans who rely heavily on marine resources. This study aims to identify heavy metal content in the maritime environment. Using a literature review method on data from 2019 to 2023, it was analyzed and corroborated with journal articles. The results highlighted nine hazardous heavy metals, such as copper, lead, cadmium, zinc, chromium, nickel, iron, manganese and mercury, which are capable of contaminating seawater and causing toxic effects on marine organisms. Therefore, serious efforts are needed to reduce and manage heavy metal contamination in the maritime environment to maintain ecosystem sustainability and protect the well-being of humans who depend on marine resources
Maritime Environmental Change and its impact on Coastal Bird Diversity
Authors: Nainggolan Ramean Chrisnawaty , Aliandi Sahnan , Edelwis Tri Widya , Pardi H. , Wenny Jacob
Published: October 2024

Coastal bird diversity in Indonesia is greatly affected by changes in the maritime environment caused by human activities and climate change. To survive, coastal birds rely heavily on mangrove ecosystems, beaches and estuaries. However, coastal development, land conversion and pollution are damaging these habitats. The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of changes in the Maritime environment on coastal bird populations and diversity. To achieve this goal, the study used a comprehensive literature approach collected from various related studies, which addressed the effects of changes in the maritime environment on various coastal bird species in Indonesia, such as the Elang laut perut putih, Elang jawa, and Kutul kecil. The results show that such changes are causing bird populations to decline and possibly the extinction of some species, which will ultimately threaten the balance of coastal ecosystems. Based on this article, to protect coastal biodiversity from increasing threats, better conservation and environmental management efforts are needed. Coastal biodiversity conservation strategies should prioritize efforts such as coastal habitat restoration.
Global Warming Threats to Coral Bleaching Events and Their Impacts on Coastal Ecosystem Sustainability
Authors: Andini Nabila , Pratama Gery , Ariyanti Irma , Edelwis T. W. , Riel Brendal
Published: October 2024

The phenomenon of massive coral bleaching around the world is a black storm in coastal ecosystems this century. The annual increase in sea temperature by more than 1⁰C is a terrible fact that occurs due to global warming. There are many concerns raised especially on the cumulative impact of stress that corals experience when sea water temperature rise occurs. For this reason, this article is an intervention to reveal the high- level threat caused by global warming and the connection to coral bleaching events that disrupt coastal ecosystems. The literature study method in this article is useful to review and critically evaluate a number of articles that are closely related to support the fact of the urgency of coral bleaching in various countries. The great biological concern of coral bleaching that damages coastal ecosystems requires immediate mitigation and conservation, if it continues to degrade the number of coral populations significantly affects the decline in fish populations and biodiversity which affects the catch of fishermen and communities that have a major impact on coastal ecosystems. A good conservation strategy is expected to minimize the risk of damage so that it does not backfire on the chaos of coastal ecosystems in the future.
Prospects of Venture Capital Financing in An Effort to Improve The Welfare of Small and Medium Industries in The Maritime Area of The Riau Islands Province
Authors: Sofia Myrna , Randa Fradya , Firdiansyah Indra , Ilham Edinur , Bahtiar Raden Rangga , Asengbaramae Rowiyah
Published: October 2024

This Study aims to know the prospect of venture capital financing in the frame enhancement welfare of small and medium industries (SMIs) in the province of Riau islands. The analysis method is qualitative with the technique of semi-structured interview used To explore information from micro industry players in the province Riau Islands. Research results show that venture capital financing has prospects For use by SMIs in the Province Riau Islands because the Province Riau Islands needs financing venture capital does not only give financing but also participates in the management company, so there is no loss of control in granting funds. SMIs in the Province of Kepri have also done so and have some criteria for becoming an investee or company partner venture capital. Venture capital own prospect For used in frame development of SMI’s in the Province Riau Islands. Study This gives a recommendation policy to government regions and stakeholders for establishing venture capital company areas in the form of a plan of action for the establishment of a Regional Venture Capital Company in the Province of Riau Islands.