bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kilka tez o instrumentalizacji prawa i ochronie przed nią
Authors: Wronkowska Sławomira
Published: March 2020

SOME THESES CONCERNING THE INSTRUMENTALISATION OF LAW AND PROTECTION AGAINST ITUsing the concept of instrumentalisation of law developed in Polish jurisprudence, the author of the article:— points out that the instrumentalisation of law can be attributed to various entities: the legis­lator, those interpreting the provisions of law, those applying the legal norms as well as the authors of the legal doctrine;— distinguishes forms of instrumentalisation by each of these entities;— points to dysfunctional acts of instrumentalisation;— demonstrates some mechanisms counteracting the instrumentalisation of law, mechanisms that are to be found in the very concept of law as developed in Western culture.
Godność człowieka w otoczeniu administracji publicznej — wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Giełda Małgorzata
Published: March 2020

HUMAN DIGNITY IN ENVIRONMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION — SELECTED ISSUESEnvironment of public administration is built by many subjective and objective elements among which the most important is human being and communities created by him/her. They are the reason of public administration existence which is establish in order to fulfill social needs resulting from the people’s coexistence in communities. The concept of human dignity, consider as normative rule or value which always should be taken into consideration by public administration, is insep­arably linked with the concept of human being treated as an individual or as apart of community. Public administration cannot act where human dignity is violated and is obliged to act when human dignity is in danger. Protection of human dignity should always be fundamental feature of public administration activities.
Skracanie firm spółek osobowych zawierających firmę spółki będącej wspólnikiem
Authors: Siwik Lidia
Published: March 2020

ABBREVIATED PARTNERSHIPS’ NAMES INCLUDING THE COMPANY NAME OF THE PARTNERBusiness names of partnerships can be characterized as liberally evolving, despite the fact their fundament shall be determined by legal provisions. These rules of law arise both from the Polish Companies Code and the Polish Civil Code. Interdependence among these rules requires such a formation of any business name which — on the one hand — would comply with objective ratio for placement of the partner’s company’s name in the partnership’s business name and would not be misleading on the other hand. That notion should provide for a possible placement of the abbreviated legal person’s partner’s name into partnership’s business name. Even if a legal provision requires the partner’s legal person’s business name be placed in its full wording, this requirement should be found as a call for placement of the legal person’s name core name together with indication at that person’s type i.e. at abbreviated company’s business form as minimum. The company’s name is not to provide for an entire identification of the shareholder’s legal person’s name since that can be stated thanks to registered data. A partnership in terms of its personal substrate is stressed here whereby its business name comprises of data identifying at least its one partner. As the partnership is entered into an abbreviated indication at the company’s legal person’s type is the name’s use under provisions of the Polish Companies Code regulating application of abbreviated terms. Moreover, an abbreviated business name should not be more misleading than it would be in a case if the partner’s legal person’s entire name coexisted with an abbreviated indication at the partnership’s form of business.
Czy potrzeba nam szczególnej formy organizacyjno-prawnej dla innowacyjnego biznesu? Uwagi ogólne na podstawie uzasadnienia projektu prostej spółki akcyjnej — PSA
Authors: Wiórek Piotr Marcin
Published: March 2020

DO WE NEED A SPECIAL LEGAL FORM FOR INNOVATIVE BUSINESS? GENERAL REMARKS ON THE EXPLANATION OF THE DRAFT OF PROVISIONS REGARDING A SIMPLE STOCK CORPORATION — SSCThe aim of this article is a critical evaluation of the general part of the explanation of the “Recommendations concerning the project of provisions regulating the simple stock corporation prepared by a team of experts appointed by the Minister of Development and Finance proposals for amendments of The Commercial Companies Code”. The analysis carried out in the article leads to the conclusion that the explanation of the SSC bill does not achieve its principal goal, which should be a convincing justification for introduction of a new type of corporation into Polish commercial law system in form of the SSC. What is more: from the whole argumentation used in the explanation follows that there is no real need for such a complicated regulation as planned, and the proposed provisions go far beyond the goals which the regulation wants to achieve. Moreover, they are inadequate to achieve these goals.
Deficyty obowiązującej w prawie polskim regulacji w zakresie reklamy i innych technik marketingowych dotyczących produktów relewantnych dla ochrony karmienia piersią, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem preparatów do początkowego żywienia niemowląt. Zarys problematyki
Authors: Koronkiewicz-Wiórek Anna
Published: March 2020

THE REGULATORY DEFICIENCIES OF POLISH REGULATION CONCERNING ADVERTISEMENT AND OTHER MARKETING TECHNIQUES RELATING TO PRODUCTS RELEVANT TO PROTECTION OF BREASTFEEDING, WITH SPECIAL REGARD TO THE INFANT FORMULAE. AN OUTLINE OF THE ISSUESThe aim of this article is to draw attention to the regulatory deficiencies of Polish regulation concerning advertisement and other marketing techniques related to products relevant to protection of breastfeeding, with special regard to infant formulas, and the evaluation of its effectiveness for breastfeeding protection. This regulation is non-transparent, heterogeneous and to a great extent unclear. It is also ineffective and insufficient for the protection of breastfeeding. It is much less rigorous than the standard established by the International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes i.e. WHO Code. The main conclusion is that irrespective of the need for improvement of the promotion of breastfeeding, including lactation education of medical staff and parents, legislative changes are necessary in the field of the marketing of food intended for infants and young children, feeding bottles and teats. The best solution would be the full implementation of the WHO Code including subsequent WHA resolutions.
„Ucywilnianie” dotychczasowych stosunków służbowych funkcjonariuszy celnych w związku z reformą administracji celno-skarbowej — w kontekście zasady praworządności
Authors: Ura Elżbieta
Published: March 2020

CHANGE OF THE LEGAL STATUS OF THE CUSTOMS SERVICE OFFICER FROM THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL RELATION TO THE CONTRACTUAL RELATION — IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RULE OF LAWOn March 1, 2017, acts reforming the customs and tax administration system came into force. They introduced not only changes in the system of organs and organizational structure of this administration, but also significantly influenced the legal status of Customs Service officers. Not all officers were offered further service in the newly created customs and tax administration. Some of them received offers of employment in positions of civil part — in general has not been employed for a further period. In both cases, the relationship was terminated, which in the light of the adopted statutory solutions is treated as an exemption from service. A very large group of officers filed appeals to administrative courts, some of them — also to common courts. Against the background of the provisions formulated in such a way, the question arises: whether the change of the legal status of the Customs Service officer from the administrative and legal relation to the contractual relation made by the director of the customs chamber as part of the powers entrusted to him, is in line with the rule of law. The answer to this question will ultimately be given by the courts. The study will, however, present general observations regarding the existing situation.
Podmioty gminne w prawie zamówień publicznych
Authors: Guziński Maciej
Published: March 2020

MUNICIPAL ENTITIES IN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT LAWIn the implementation of public tasks in the form of commissioning construction works, services, deliveries by way of a paid contract, municipal entities act as awarding entities — entities awarding a public contract. Municipal entities may also act as economic operators — entities applying for the implementation of the contract in question. In both situations they are subject to the public procurement law regime.
Problem samodzielności organu administracyjnego w świetle idei państwa prawnego
Authors: Błaś Adam
Published: March 2020

PROBLEM OF INDEPENDENCE OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE ORGAN IN THE LIGHT OF THE IDEA OF A STATE OF LAWIn the science of administrative law and the science of administration, the problem of independence of administration was examined against the background of the idea of a state of law. In the classical science of administrative law, the view was taken that the main form of independence of the administrative organ is the so-called sphere of administrative discretion. However, it is not the only form of independence of the administration, because the norms of administrative substantive law, systemic law and procedural law allow for various administrative powers to act independently.
Skutki prawne kontroli przedsiębiorcy prowadzonej z naruszeniem zasad kontroli
Authors: Strzelbicki Michał
Published: March 2020

LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF ENTREPRENEUR INSPECTION CONDUCTED IN VIOLATION OF PRINCIPLES FOR INSPECTIONWith the enforcement of the Business Activities Freedom Act, the provisions of Chapter 5 entitled “Entrepreneur Inspection” have become to apply in the Polish Public Economic Law. The essence of the regulation lies in the principles for inspection, namely standards to be met by each and every entrepreneur’s business inspection performed by administrative bodies. Legal regulation of entrepreneur inspection, providing for legal framework of the procedure and setting limits to the actions of the inspection authority, was aimed by the legislator to limit the natural advantage of the authority over the entrepreneur during the inspection proceeding.The legislator was aware that the very introduction of principles for inspection would not be sufficient to effectively protect entrepreneurs’ interests. For this reason, the administrative authorities have been obliged to apply the principles for trader inspection through far-reaching negative legal consequences to the authority in the event of breach. The article analyses such legal solutions which provide entrepreneurs with the right to pursue compensation from the state, and permit demanding that the evidence gathered during the inspection could not be used against such trader by the administration authorities the “fruit of the poisonous tree” principle. The author presents the scope of application of both such instruments, and takes a stand as regards related detailed issues which have so far been the bone of contention both in the doctrine and in the judgements.
Kilka uwag o obiektywizacji gospodarczych praw podstawowych
Authors: Strzyczkowski Kazimierz
Published: March 2020

SOME REMARKS ON THE OBJECTIFICATION OF ECONOMIC FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTSThe purpose of this paper is to present an issue of the objectivisation of the fundamental rights as a consequence of the assumption that fundamental rights not only serve a protective function, strengthening subjectivity of the legal order, whereas they content also an objective requirements and sole essence of the law. Analogically, objective content of the fundamental rights are the obligations for the state, in the same way the states are bound by the rule of law.
W kwestii stosunków zachodzących w sferze zewnętrznej i wewnątrzorganizacyjnej stowarzyszeń jednostek samorządu terytorialnego
Authors: Blicharz Jolanta
Published: March 2020

ON EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL RELATIONS OF ASSOCIATIONS OF SELF-GOVERNMENT UNITSFor determining the legal character of norms regulating internal relations within the associations of self-government units, the important provision is article 29 paragraph 2 item 2 Act on associations. This provision limits the possibility of repealing the resolution of an association’s organ also concerning the members of that organ, which is not in compliance with the law or the statute: repealing can be done by the court only, in non-litigation proceedings, on application of the supervisory organ or the prosecutor. This means the court’s interference with the association’s activity should have an exceptional character and take into account the autonomous and self-governmental nature of the association in question.
Prawne formy działania Komitetu Stabilności Finansowej
Authors: Ochwat Michał
Published: March 2020

LEGAL FORMS OF ACTIVITIES OF THE FINANCIAL STABILITY COMMITTEEThe basic aim of this study is to present the nature of the legal forms of administration activities granted by the legislator, applied by the Financial Stability Committee [Komitet Stabilności Finansowej] in the light of administrative law. The specificity of conduct of macroprudential policy and supervision in Poland as well as in compared legal systems is primarily based on the use of forms of non-imperative nature, and that is why it is reasonable to examine what the effectiveness of this mechanism of impact on financial market institutions is and whether in this context it is possible to implement the goal of financial stability.
Dyferencjacja części płacy przeznaczanej na składki ubezpieczeń społecznych
Authors: Pacud Radosław
Published: March 2020

DIFFERENTIATION OF THE PART OF WAGES ALLOCATED TO SOCIAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTIONSThe article is concerned with the legal conditions and economic effects of the behaviour of the addressees of the law which leads to the determination of different proportions of social contributions to the total employment wage. The conducted research points to the differences between the normative interest rates of social insurance contributions and the real part of wages set aside for social insurance contributions. The differentiation of the part of the wage earmarked for contributions is, on the one hand, the result of the implementation of legal norms and, on the other hand, the consequence of the decisions of the insured persons, which together should be the subject of legal assessment and the basis for choosing the optimal policy directions of social insurance law. The findings also have wider implications — the principle of differentiation in social security law has so far been only applied to the differentiation of the entitlement to benefits, but it should also be applied to the different contribution obligations.
Ewolucja statusu prawnego inspektora pracy — uwarunkowania historyczne i ocena stanu obecnego
Authors: Dubowik Anna
Published: March 2020

EVOLUTION OF THE LEGAL STATUS OF LABOUR — HISTORICAL ASPECTS AND ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT STATEIn the period before the Second World War labour inspectors had public-law status, and their employment was regulated by the Act on the State Civil Service of 1922. Contemporary employment relations of labour inspectors are regulated by the Act on the National Labour Inspectorate of 2007 PiP and the Labour Code. Labour inspectors are employees, employed at the first stage on the basis of an employment contract. The target basis for the employment inspectors is a nomination and in the case of managerial positions, appointment. The establishment of an employment relationship with labour inspectors as well as its content deviate in many respects from a contractual employment relationship regulated by the provisions of the Labour Code. Public-law elements can be found in the employment of a state labour inspector — non-contractual employment basis, special obligations and restrictions related to a public office. The Act of 2007 does not regulate the recruitment procedure for the position of labour inspectors, which is contrary to the constitution.
Najwyższa Rada Wymiaru Sprawiedliwości Królestwa Belgii
Authors: Juchniewicz Joanna
Published: March 2020

THE HIGH COUNCIL OF JUSTICE IN THE KINGDOM OF BELGIUMThe High Council of Justice of the Kingdom of Belgium is a constitutional body, autonomous from the legislative, the executive, and the judiciary. The Council commenced its activities in 2000 and its tasks include setting the requirements for the training of judges and prosecutors, submitting motions for the appointment of judges, issuing opinions on draft acts, performing audits in the judiciary and processing individual complaints against the activities of judicial authorities. The composition of the High Council of Justice refl ects the multinational structure of the state, each of the communities has equal representation in the Council. The members of the Council are selected from among judges, prosecutors and representatives of Belgian society.
Pozycja prawnoustrojowa Komisji do spraw Wymiaru Sprawiedliwości Malty
Authors: Kuźnicka-Błaszkowska Dominika
Published: March 2020

THE LEGAL AND POLITICAL POSITION OF THE COMMISSION FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE OF MALTAThe Commission for the Administration of Justice of Malta is an advisory and control body of the judiciary which, in accordance with the Constitution of Malta, safeguards the independence of judges. Despite the reform of its system and scope of competence in recent years, social activists are still demanding changes in the way it functions. The main allegations relate primarily to the too strong position of the executive representatives in its work, the lack of openness of the Commission, as well as nepotism and corruption in the judicial community.
Лики старости в рассказах Наталии Толстой
Authors: Urban-Podolan Aleksandra
Published: March 2020

Pictures of elderliness in Nataliya Tolstoy’s short storiesAlthough the dusk of life is not the focus of Nataliya Tolstoy’s interests, it nevertheless occupies an important place among the issues dealt with by this keen observer and commentator of Soviet and Russian social realities. Assuming that the attitude to the elderly is ameasure of asociety’s humanism, the picture that emerges from Tolstoy’s works speaks very unfavourably of the society to which the writer belonged. The literary portraits of the members of the elder generation reveal the miserable conditions in which they lived in the Russia of the second half of the XX century. Few of her elderly protagonists’ lives are decent — understood here as both material well-being, whereby they can meet their basic needs and sometimes even foster their artistic and intellectual talents, and the access to spiritual goods and their families’ closeness and support, due to which in the twilight of their lives they can feel the sense of life and respect for themselves.Oblicza starości w opowiadaniach Natalii TołstojMimo że jesień życia nie stanowi głównego obiektu zainteresowania Natalii Tołstoj, niemniej jednak problematyka ta organicznie wpisuje się w krąg zagadnień poruszanych przez tę wnikliwą obserwatorkę i komentatorkę rosyjskiej i radzieckiej rzeczywistości społecznej. Jeśli przyjąć, że stosunek do starości jest miernikiem humanitaryzmu społeczeństwa, to obraz, jaki wyłania się z kart utworów Tołstoj, wystawia niepochlebne świadectwo społeczeństwu, do którego należała sama pisarka. Zaprezentowane w opowiadaniach portrety starych ludzi są świadectwem zwykle bardzo niskiego standardu ich życia w Rosji drugiej połowy XX wieku. Tylko nieliczni spośród nich żyją godnie, w dobrobycie, pozwalającym zaspokajać im podstawowe potrzeby, a niekiedy nawet rozwijać potencjał twórczy. Pomaga w tym dostęp do dóbr duchowych oraz bliskość i wsparcie rodziny.
Staruszkowie w opowiadaniach Jurija Mamlejewa cykl „Koniec wieku”
Authors: Tyszkowska-Kasprzak Elżbieta
Published: March 2020

Old people in novels of Yuri Mamleyev The End of the CenturyThe purpose of the article is an examination of the images of old men and women in The End of the Century — aseries of short stories by Yuri Mamleyev. Elderly characters in the series are almost always presented in the context of the end of their lives and are apretext to present the author’s philosophical views on the nature of existence, death and immortality. Images of reality in The End of the Century are combined with the mystique, the belief in the immortal soul and its journey. Mamleyev’s philosophical views are based on Vedanta and Advaita Vedanta. Hence, his considerations do not fit into the mainstream of the Russian religious-philosophical tradition. Old people in The End of the Century combine the world of the living with the world of the dead, they are capable of crossing the border — death — in both directions. The characters are often accompanied by acat — which in different beliefs is associated with the ability to communicate with other worlds — and achild, abeing close to the border separating the mortal world from the amorphous underworld, arecurring symbol of rebirth. Старики в рассказах Юрия Мамлеевацикл Конец векаВ статье анализируются образы пожилых людей в цикле рассказов Юрия Мамлеева Конец века. Старые люди почти всегда представлены здесь в контексте конца жизни, ивта­кой контекст вводятся философские рассуждения писателя о природе бытия, смерти ибес­смертия. При этом изображение реальности сочетается с мистикой, верой в бессмертие души и ее переселение. Поскольку свои философские взгляды писатель основал на учениях веданты и адвайта-веданты, то они не вписываются в русло русской религиозно-философ­ской традиции.Старики/старухи в произведениях Мамлеева объединяют мир живых и мир мертвых, они способны пересекать границу, которой является смерть, в обоих направлениях. Ча­сто этих персонажей сопровождают кошки, которым в разных верованиях приписывают способность общаться с другими мирами, а также дети, находящиеся близко к границе, разделяющей мир смертных и аморфную преисподнюю, и являющиеся символом повторя­ющегося возрождения.
Wampiryczna alternatywa starości w powieści Julii Nabokowej „VIP znaczy wampir”
Authors: Arciszewska Katarzyna
Published: March 2020

Vampiric alternative of the senescencein the novel of Julia Nabokova VIP znachit vampirThe article Vampiric alternative of the aenescence in the novel of Julia Nabokova “VIP znachit vampir” shows, taking as example the novel VIP Znachit Vampir of the Russian writer Julia Nabokova, the motive of senescence and its rejection realized in vampire context. Nabokova presents the vampirism as opposition to old age. Thevampires are long-living, ever beautiful and healthy creatures, they don’t know illness, weakness, pain and other symptoms of old age. The situation of the vampires and people is in many aspects the same. After all, contemporary society strive to rejection of any results of ageing. However the author of the novel proves that natural process of human life with all life phases is more awaited than ideal vision of life without ageing and death. The writer adds her voice to those researchers who emphasize the fact that elimination of senescence can bring about social neurosis.Вампирическая альтернатива старостив романе Юлии Набоковой VIP значит вампирСтатья Вампирическая альтернатива старости в романе Юлии Набоковой „VIP значит вампир” представляет мотив старости и современный подход к этому мотиву на основе анализа романа современной русской писательницы, которая занимается вампирической темой, так популярной в последние годы так среди литераторов, как и читателей. Набокова рассматривает вампиризм как альтернативу старости, состояние продолжающейся молодости, красоты, жизненной силы, характеризующееся отсутствием болезней, беспомощности и дряхлости. Однако вампиризм в романе российской писательницы показан и с другой точки зрения. Вампирические герои Набоковой ощущают тоску по свойственным человеку чувствам, таким как, например, материнство, которое недоступно вампиру. В итоге герои романа и его автор приходят к выводу, что экзистенциальный процесс со всеми его этапами, не исключая старости и смерти, дает возможность провести жизнь в полном смысле и испытать все ее аспекты, что по мнению многих ученых, спасает от фрустрации и невроза в индивидуальном и социальном контексте.
Altarity/alterity смерті старої людини в українській літературі періоду „смерті молодих”
Authors: Chomenko Halyna
Published: March 2020

Death altarity/alterity of old man in Ukrainian Literature at the period of “Death of the youth”Rereading of one of the most interesting paradoxical death models built on age differentiation is offered in the article. Deconstructive principles of différаnce and Krinein, typical for mature Ukrainian modernism and first of all for the most outstanding representative Mykola Khvyliovyi, are taken into account. The emphasis is placed on the challenge of trivial experience of death difference at the process of acceptation of poetic, triumphal, sacral emotional experience which is corresponded with Friedrich Nietzsche’s Dionysus-Apollo values. The idea of fragmental thinking is explicated as a correlate of delimitation, ambivalence and hovering over a gap/emptiness, which provide radical novelty of opinions about death connected with the discovery of aporia of its fathomlessness. Texts of the 1920th are considered as the territory of rereading of classical works by modernist writers. The texts represent a part of occidentalis-oriental humanitarian fund. Altarity/alterity смерти старого человекав украинской литературе периода „смерти молодых”В статье предложено прочтение одной из интереснейших парадоксальных моделей смерти, построенной на возрастной дифференциации, с учетом деконструктивистских принципов différаnce и Krinein, органичных для зрелого украинского модернизма и прежде всего для самой яркой личности в нем — Миколы Хвылевого. Акцент сделан на опрокидывании тривиального опыта различения смертей в процессе акцептации поэтического, триумфального, сакрального переживания, соответствующего дионисийско-аполлоновским ценностям Фридриха Ницше. Эксплицируется идея о фрагментарности мышления как коррелята делимитации, амбивалентности и зависания над пробелом/пустотой, обеспечивающих радикальную новизну суждений о смерти, связанной с открытием апории ее бездонности. Тексты 1920-х рассматриваются как территория повторного прочтения писателями-модернистами классических текстов, вошедших в окцидально-ориентальный фонд гуманитаристики.
Motivy stáří a smrti v pozdním díle Violy Fischerové
Authors: Fic Igor
Published: March 2020

Motives of old age and death in the later worksby Viola FischerováOld age is strictly connected with death. Death is not only the goal of human life. Death, as well as life, is its anthropological constant. This is essential for poetry of Viola Fischerová in its entirety, especially for last three collections Předkonec, Písečné dítě, and Domek na vinici. In Fischerováʼs poetry, old age is synonymous with death. In his shadow life is revealed as fate. For most artistic representations of life, death is depicted as transience of the moment, in the form of memories stored in the memory. Deceased friends and loved ones are called out of memory in Fischerováʼs poetry to objectify her own old age and death that is aproaching.Motywy starości i śmierci w późnej twórczości Violi FischerovejStarość bezwarunkowo łączy się ze śmiercią, która nie jest jednak celem ludzkiego życia; śmierć, podobnie jak życie, jest jego stałą antropologiczną. I to właśnie stanowi podstawę poezji Violi Fischerovej w całej rozciągłości jej dzieła poetyckiego, przede wszystkim zaś trzech ostatnich tomików zatytułowanych: Předkonec, Písečné dítě oraz Domek na vinici. Starość jest w ujęciu Fischerovej synonimem śmierci. W jej cieniu życie objawia się jako los. Za większością artystycznych ujęć śmierć stoi w postaci gwałtowności chwili, w postaci wspomnienia zapisanego w pamięci. Poezja Fischerovej wywołuje zpamięci zmarłych przyjaciół i bliskich, aby zobiektywizować starość i zbliżającą się śmierć.
Doświadczenie przemijania i starości w twórczości Wiktora Paskowa i Stanisława Stratiewa
Authors: Gołek-Sepetliewa Dorota
Published: March 2020

The experience of passing and old agein the works of Victor Paskov and Stanislav StratievThe literary works of famous Bulgarian authors Stanislav Stratiev 1941–2000 and Victor Paskov 1949–2009 may be viewed in terms of athorough study of the human being and the multidimensionality of its existence. Their reflections about existential problems also involve the experience of passing and old age that have ontological, social, cultural, symbolic and metaphorical dimension. The novel A Ballad for George Henig 1987 by Paskov and the drama On the Other Side 1994 by Stratiev include clear and ambiguous images of the end of the human life. The experience of passing and old age affects aparticular person as apersonality and its relationship with the other people. This subject reveals, on the one hand, the crisis of human relations and values in contemporary Bulgarian society, on the other hand it emphasizes the fragility of the human condition, expressed in the experience of pain, illness, passing, old age and death.Опитът на преходност и старост в творчествотона Виктор Пасков и Станислав СтратиевТворчествотo на известнитe български автори Станислав Стратиев 1941–2000 и Виктор Пасков 1949–2009 можe да бъдe разгледанo кaто по-задълбочено изучаване на човешкото същество и на множествотo измерения на неговия живот. Интересът към екзистенциалните проблеми включва и описание на опита на преходност и старост, който притежава онтологично, социалнo, културнo, символично и метафорично измерение. Романът на Пасков Балада за Георг Хених 1987 и драмата на Стратиев От другатa страна 1994 представят изразителни и нееднозначни картини зa крайния етап от човешкия живот. Опитът на преходност и старост засяга човешкия индивид като личност и отношенията мy с близкитe и по-далечнaтa социална среда. Тeматa разкрива, от една страна, кризата на човешките отношения и на ценноститe в съвременното българското общество, от друга страна — подчертава крехкостта на човешкото съществуване, което се изразява в опита на страдание, заболяване, преходност, старост и смърт.
Poetyckie rozważania o starości ręką kobiecą spisane. Desanka — Urszula — Elisaweta
Authors: Jakóbiec-Semkowowa Milica
Published: March 2020

Poetic deliberations on senescence written by women. Desanka — Urszula — ElisawetaIn this work we analyse three poetic expressions by Elisaweta Bagriana, Desanka Maksimović and Urszula Kozioł who sincerely share with us the experience of their own senescence. Thephysical symptoms of ageing is perceived by Maksimović with surpise, by Bagriana with understanding and by Kozioł with rebellion. The authors’ state of mind differs from protest and frustration Kozioł and Bagriana to apeaceful surrender connected with understanding of what was meant to come. Each of the authors, regardless of all the differences between them, is able to be fruitful in their writing till their old age and is aware of what she has accomplished poetically, which makes the lives of all the three authors full of sense to them.Песничка расматрања о старости женском руком записана. Десанка — Уршула — Елисавета Три велике песникиње: Елисавета Багрјана, Десанка Максимовић и Уршула Козјол у касним годинама живота искрено описују своје доживљавање старости. Физичке недо­статке гледају са изненађењем Максимовић, разумевањем Багрјана али такође са проте­стом и иронијом Козјол. Расположење се колеба између бунта и горчине Козјол, Багрјана и помирења са судбином, свешћу неминовне пролазности. Свака песникиња, независно од разлика мећу њима, до касних година живота песнички активна, је свесна својих стваралач­ких могућности што даје смисао читавом животу.
Лингвокультурологический анализ концепта «дружба» в рус- ском языке: паремиологический и ассоциативный аспекты
Authors: Bezuglaya Anastasia
Published: March 2020

Linguo-cultural analysis of the concept of “friendship” in Russian language: paremiological and associative aspectsThe present work is devoted to linguo-cultural analysis of the concept “friendship” in a so- cial and cultural area in Russia. The concept of “friendship” is one of the key concepts of Russian language, which presents a fragment of linguistic picture of the world of Russian linguoculture  and the mentality of the inhabitants of modern Russia. Analysis of the material of associative dictionaries, phraseological units and proverbs helped to draw important conclusions, which were subsequently subjected to empirical veriﬁcation. Moreover, questionnaire on associations, which let us explore the concept of “friendship” and examine reactions of native Russian speakers on words-stimulus: friendship male, female, male friend, female friend, friendly, was carried out in this paper.Analiza lingwokulturologiczna konceptu „przyjaźń” w języku rosyjskim: aspekt paremiologiczny i asocjacyjnyNiniejszy artykuł poświęcony  jest  analizie  lingwokulturologicznej  konceptu  „przyjaźń”  w rosyjskiej przestrzeni społeczno-kulturowej. Koncept „przyjaźń” jest jednym z istotnych kon- ceptów języka rosyjskiego, który przedstawia fragment językowego obrazu świata rosyjskiej lin- gwokultury oraz mentalność mieszkańców współczesnych Rosjan. Analiza materiału wyekscer- powanego ze słowników frazeologicznych, paremiologicznych i asocjacyjnych pozwoliła wysnuć wiele wniosków, które następnie zostały poddane weryﬁkacji empirycznej. Ponadto został prze- prowadzony eksperyment asocjacyjny, który pozwolił zbadać koncept „przyjaźń” i prześledzić reakcje rodzimych użytkowników języka rosyjskiego na słowa bodźce: przyjaźń męska, kobieca, przyjaciel, przyjaciółka, przyjacielski.
O chlebie powszednim. Nazwy chleba i wyrobów piekarniczych w języku polskim i rosyjskim
Authors: Ananiewa Natalia
Published: March 2020

On daily bread. The names of the bread and its products in Polish and RussianIn this article we analyzed the names of the bread and its products in Polish and Russian. Some aspects of the confrontative investigation are proposed the lexical and semantical approach, the etymological approach, the phraseological approach and the other aspects.О хлебе насущном. Название хлеба и хлебобулочных изделий в польском и русском языкахВ статье проанализированы номинации хлеба и хлебобулочных изделий в польском и русском языках. Предлагается ряд подходов при конфронтативном исследовании данной темы лексико-семантический, этимологический, фразеологический и другие.
Rosyjskie złożenia z formantem paradygmatycznym w grupie leksykalno-semantycznej „Nazwy osób, wyodrębnione ze względu na zawód lub rodzaj działalności” i ich polskie odpowiedniki
Authors: Królikowska Katarzyna
Published: March 2020

Compound Nouns Formed with Paradigmatic Formant in the Lexical-Semantic Group “The Names of People Related to Their Profession” in Russian Language and Their Polish EquivalentsThe scientific goal of this article is to examine the vocabulary in analogic lexical-semantic groups taken from two Slavic languages — Russian and Polish — in terms of word-formative and non-word­-formative ways of nominations. The subject of research is the names of people, related to their profes­sion, occupation, specialty, type of occupation, the nature of business. The basis for the selection of the material is The Russian Semantic Dictionary ed. N.Y. Shvedova. From over 2750 names in Russian, one type of derivates — compound nouns formed with paradigmatic formant — has been chosen for further analysis 82 words. The Polish equivalents 96 words and expressions have been divided into two groups: motivated words 63 words and broadly defined unmotivated words and expressions, which represent non-word-formative ways of nominations 33 examples, such as native words 4, loanwords 3, compound names 20 and descriptive translations, when lexical equivalents could not be found 6. One type of derivate in the Russian lexical group and the variety of equivalents in Polish show the differences in terms of ways of nominations in parallel lexical groups in both languages.Сложения с нулевым суффиксомв лексико-семантической группе «Назвния лиц по профессии» в русском языке и их польские эквивалентыЦелью данной статьи является анализ типов польских эквивалентов для сложений с ну­левым суффиксом, выступающих в лексико-семантической группе «Названия лиц по про­фессии, специальности, роду занятий, характеру деятельности» в русском языке. Базой для отбора материала послужил Русский семантический словарь под ред. Н.Ю. Шведовой. Среди около 2750 слов в этой группе, 82 — сложения с нулевым суффиксом. Их польские семанти­ческе эквиваленты 96 слов и выражений можно разделить на две группы: мотивированные слова 63 как результат словообразовательного способа номинации и слова и выражения, ко­торые представляют собой несловообразовательные способы номинации 33: исконные сло­ва 4, заимствования 3, составные наименования 20 и описательные переводы 6, приво­димые в случае, когда в польском языке нет лексического соответствия. Такая разновидность эквивалентов в польском языке для одного типа дериватов в русском языке свидетельствует о том, что в обоих языках по-разному реализованы механизмы номинаци в рамках параллель­ных лексико-семантических групп.
Нашли оне звери дивныя и страшныя… Мир причудливых животных в русском переводе „Хроники всего света” Мартина Бельского
Authors: Miakiszew Władimir
Published: March 2020

“And there they found beasts, marvelous and horrible…” The World of Unusual Beasts in the Russian Translation of Chronicle of the Whole World by Marcin BielskiThe paper describes a 16th–17th-centuries Europe mode of representation of exotic animals opossum, elephant, African lungfish and mysterious flying snakes. The material under analysis is taken from the tenth book of Chronicle of the Whole World by Marcin Bielski, narrating about discovery of America and explorations of new territories in Oceania and Africa. Despite the attempts at objectivity and exactitude, the animalistic descriptions still heavily rely upon myths and prejudices.„Znaleźli oni zwierzęta dziwne a straszliwe…” Świat dziwacznych zwierząt w staroruskim przekładzie Kroniki wszytkiego świata Marcina BielskiegoArtykuł przedstawia popularne w Europie w XVII–XVII wieku modele opisu egzotycznych zwierząt oposuma, słonia, ryby-protoptera i zagadkowych skrzydlatych żmij. Materiał został wyekscerpowany z 10. księgi Kroniki wszytkiego świata Marcina Bielskiego, traktującej o odkryciu Ameryki i eksploracji nowych ziem Oceanii i Afryki. Mimo starań jej autora o zachowanie obiektywizmu w opisie egzotycznych zwierząt zaznacza się wyraźny wpływ mitów i przesądów.
Питання декомунізації пропріального ландшафту України та Польщі: нормативно-правова база і практика
Authors: Beley Oleh
Published: March 2020

Decommunisation of proper names landscape of Ukraine and Poland. Law regulationsand implementationThe article is devoted to the decommunisation of the onymic systems of Ukraine and Poland in the context of similar processes in the Central and Eastern Europe from the fall of the Berlin Wall tillthe present days. First of all, the author analyses the urbonymic systems: names of streets, squares etc. This class of onyms is the most vulnerable to the ideological influences. According to the author, the final stage of the decommunisation of Ukrainian and Polish onomasticons was triggered after tragic events in the Eastern and Southern Ukraine started in 2014 which demonstrated the threat of the revitalization of the Soviet totalitarian regime and its satellite states.Dekomunizacja krajobrazu proprialnego Ukrainy oraz Polski. Przepisy prawne i rzeczywistośćArtykuł jest poświęcony dekomunizacji proprialnych zasobów języka ukraińskiego oraz pol­szczyzny na terenie posttotalitarnej Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej w ostatnich latach transfor­macji. Autor analizuje przede wszystkim przykłady z nazewnictwa miejskiego: nazwy własne ulic, placów i tak dalej. Ten rodzaj nazw własnych wyraźnie bowiem odzwierciedla wpływy czynni­ków natury ideologicznej. Zdaniem autora główną przyczyną ostatniej fali dekomunizacji w prawie Ukrainy oraz Polski są dramatyczne wydarzenia na południowym wschodzie Ukrainy z roku 2014, kiedy ujawnił się dyskurs dotyczący renowacji systemu totalitarnego, w tym odbudowy byłego Związku Radzieckiego.
Hiszpania w Dziennikach z podróży Miodraga Popovicia
Authors: Filipek Małgorzata
Published: March 2020

Spain in Miodrag Popović’s travel diariesIn addition to well-known works about Spain, written by prominent writers and diplomats of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia Zorić, Dučić, Petrović, Dimitrijević, Andrić, Crnjanski, Serbian literature is full of less famous fiction that has complemented the country’s image through Serbian readers since the 70’s of 20th century to the present. One of them is a literary work Put u Španiju from the travel book, entitled Putopisni dnevnici, by Miodrag Popović. The writer describes impressions from a trip to Spain and other countries. Visiting the most famous museums of Madrid Prado, Museum of Modern Art, monastery of El Escorial and churches and museums of Toledo, Popović draws his attention to the paintings and creates subjective, alternative gallery of global paintings. Шпанија у путописној пpози Миодрага ПоповићаОсим познатих дела о Шпанији, чији су аутори били истакнути писци и дипломати из Краљњвинњ Србије и Краљњвине Југославије Зорић, Дучић, Петровић, Димитријевић, Андрић, Црњански у српској књижевности постоје и мање потнати текстови који допуњују слику ове земље од 70.-тих година XX века до данашњих времена. Један од њих је Put u  Španiju, из књиге Putopisni dnevnici, Миодрага Поповића који у овој књизи описује своје утиске из Шпаније и других земаља. Посећујући најпознатије музеје Мадрида Прадо, Музеј савремене уметнoсти, манастир Ескоријал, цркве и музеје Толеда концентрише се пре сцега на сликама, и на тај начин ствара своју субјективну галерију светског сликарства.
Смерть как событие повседневности в творчестве Алексея Ремизова и Василия Розанова
Authors: Borisova-Yurkovskaya Elena
Published: March 2020

Death as an everyday event in the works of Aleksey Remizov and Vasily RozanovThe paper addresses the topic of death in the works of Aleksey Remizov and Vasily Rozanov, the two iconic intellectuals of the early twentieth century in Russia. Based on the works of fiction, essays, articles and correspondence of two writers, study reveals and analyzes the similarities of their philosophical and aesthetics views. It shows how the phenomenon of death is depicted in everyday life and undergoes desacralization. It also includes polemic with the philosophical milieu of the epoch D. Merezhkovsky, P. Florensky and the literary tradition on the example of N. Gogol.Śmierć jako wydarzenie codzienności w twórczości Aleksieja Remizowa i Wasilija RozanowaArtykuł przedstawia temat śmierci w pracach Aleksieja Remizowa i Wasilija Rozanowa — dwóch ikonicznych intelektualistów początku XX wieku. Na materiale utworów literatury pięknej, esejów, artykułów i korespondencji pisarzy autor ujawnia i analizuje podobieństwa ich poglądów filozoficznych i estetycznych. Pokazuje przy tym, jak fenomen śmierci jest włączany do przestrzeni codzienności i ulega desakralizacji. Uwzględnia również polemikę ze środowiskiem filozoficznym epoki Dymitr Mierieżkowski, Paweł Florenski i tradycję literacką na przykładzie Nikołaja Gogola.
Mój tato został gwiazdą. Tanatos w ukraińskiej książce obrazkowej
Authors: Świetlicki Mateusz
Published: March 2020

My dad became a star: Thanatos in Ukrainian picturebooksAfter the Euromaidan Revolution, war and death became major topics in many books for children and young adults. The main focus of the article is the representation of death and loss in Halyna Kyrpa’s picturebook Мій тато став зіркою illustrated by Oksana Bula. After losing her father, the nameless protagonist struggles to understand war and death. The author argues that the genre of the picturebook and the first-person narrative make the story more comprehensible for young readers who can see the protagonist’s maturation.  Мій тато став зіркою. Танатос в українських ілюстрованих книжкахСоціо-політична ситуація в Україні змінила статус Танатоса в дитячій літературі. Після Євромайдану війна і смерть стали основними темами багатьох книжок для дітей і молоді. У центрі уваги смерть, змальована в книжці Галини Кирпи Мій тато став зіркою ілюстрованій Оксаною Булою. Після втрати батька, головний герой, імені якого читач не знає, намагається зрозуміти суть війни і смерті. Автор дослідження твердить, що жанр picturebook і оповідь від першої особи роблять історію більш зрозумілою для юних читачів, які спостерігають за змінами, що відбуваються з протагоністом.
Motiv smrti u romanima Dževada Karahasana
Authors: Hadžizukić Dijana
Published: March 2020

The motif of death in the novels of Dževad KarahasanDževad Karahasan’s novels The Eastern Diwan and Shahriar’s Ring, being the classic examples of postmodernism, feature various forms of play with genres and narrative patterns, the presence of historical persons and events, and significant intertextual dialogue, namely, quotations, with cultural and other elements of Islam. The motif of death is analyzed within the context of the plot, which is founded on this theme, as it consists of several political assassinations; whereas the idea of death as a repetitive motif is one of the compositional anchors of the novelistic structure. On the other hand, through the analysis of Karahasan’s novels it is possible to follow the attitude towards death in different periods of development of Islamic philosophy. In particular, the Hellenized strain of Islamic philosophy, rooted in esoteric thinking and spiritual religion, has led to the development of Islamic mysticism. The idea of the path of returning to the original source, which is transmitted through inner cognition and craving, is found to be the basic determinant of certain characters in the novel, as well as of the novel as a whole.  Motyw śmierci w powieściach Dževada KarahasanaUtwory autorstwa Dževada Karahasana Istočni diwan i Šahrijarov prsten, jako klasyczne powieści postmodernistyczne, cechuje gra prowadzona z różnorodnymi formami gatunkowymi i wzorcami narracyjnymi, sięgnięcie po postaci i wydarzenia historyczne oraz — za sprawą licznych cytatów — dialog prowadzony z kulturą i pozostałymi elementami islamu. Analizie poddana zostanie śmierć, uwidoczniająca się w warstwie fabularnej powieści i będąca podstawą spisku w serii zabójstw politycznych, jako motyw powtarzający się — jeśli jest specyficzna — oraz jako jeden z węzłów kompozycyjnych struktur powieściowych. Jednocześnie podczas analizy powieści autorstwa Karahasana można śledzić stosunek wobec śmierci w różnych okresach rozwoju filozofii islamu. Mianowicie, zhellenizowany strumień filozofi muzułmańskiej, zanużony w myśli ezoterycznej i spirytualizmie religijnym doprowadził do rozwoju mistycyzmu muzułmańskiego. Idea powrotu do źródła, który prowadzi przez wewnętrzne poznanie i pragnienie, okazuje się podstawowym wyznacznikiem zarówno niektórych postaci, jak i powieści jako całości.