bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A two‐dimensional beam steering Fabry–Pérot antenna employing a liquid‐based reconfigurable metasurface
Authors: Chen Wei , Liu Zhiming , Zhou Huilin , Bornemann Jens , Wang Yuhao , Wang Fei
Published: September 2023

A novel 2‐D beam steering technology using a Fabry–Pérot antenna with a liquid‐based reconfigurable metasurface is presented. The antenna employs a reconfigurable partially reflecting surface to regulate phase distribution and adopts a microstrip antenna as feed to realise 2‐D beam steering. The antenna beam can be tilted in four different directions by injecting liquid metal into the specific area of the microfluidic channels embedded in the metasurface. Moreover, the antenna has a simple and compact structure with a low profile. A prototype is manufactured, and good agreement between simulated and experimental results verifies the correctness of the design. The measured results of the manufactured antenna prototype demonstrate that the main beam tilts to maximum values of ±15° and ±28° in the yoz and xoz planes, respectively, between 9.5 and 9.7 GHz.
Innovative shielding technique for wireless power transfer systems
Authors: Canova Aldo , Corti Fabio , Laudani Antonino , Lozito Gabriele Maria , Quercio Michele
Published: September 2023

The High Magnetic Passive Loop (HMCPL) technique is proposed as an innovative passive shielding system to mitigate the undesired dispersion of the magnetic field produced by a wireless power transfer (WPT) system, thus reducing the risk of hazardous human exposure. The magnetic structure is described both in terms of lumped parameters circuit, useful for sizing, and in terms of a geometrical representation solved by finite element method, useful to assess the field attenuation effects. Sizing of the resonance capacitors in the shielded WPT structure is approached as a Pareto optimization problem and solved via genetic algorithm. HMCPL shielding design guidance is provided to reduce the magnetic field emission in the surrounding environment. Furthermore, the influence of the shielding on the performance of the WPT system is also evaluated.
An improved Buck converter with high frequency and high step‐down ratio for auxiliary power supply applications
Authors: Liu Qi , Qian Qinsong , Shi Leilei , Xu Qi , Ding Song , Sun Weifeng
Published: September 2023

Buck converter is a good candidate for the non‐isolated auxiliary power supply (APS) due to its simple structure and high efficiency. However, it can hardly be adopted in applications that required a very high step‐down ratio due to the difficulty to realize an ultra‐low duty cycle, especially when the switching frequency becomes higher and higher. Here, an improved Buck converter is proposed for high‐frequency and high‐step‐down‐ratio APS application. With the control method based on energy extraction, the proposed topology can achieve an ultra‐low equivalent duty cycle. Thus, a high step‐down ratio can be achieved under a high switching frequency. Moreover, the proposed structure can be applied on several types of the main power stage through the power switch sharing technique. Finally, the prototype with the switching frequency of 1 MHz and the step‐down ratio of 18:1 is verified by the experimental results.
A move blocking based direct voltage model predictive control to enhance the dynamic performance of DC microgrids containing constant power loads
Authors: Tatari Fatemeh Rezayof , Banejad Mahdi , Kalat Ali Akbarzadeh
Published: September 2023

Here, a move blocking (MB) based direct voltage model predictive control (DVMPC) strategy is introduced to enhance the dynamic performance of a DC microgrid in presence of constant power loads (CPLs). For this aim, an automatic discrete dynamic model is first developed for a boost converter. Considering the CPL effects on the dynamic model of the boost converter, a model predictive control is then designed to directly regulate the output voltage of the converter. Move blocking strategy is finally integrated into DVMPC in order to extend the prediction horizon, and consequently, dealing with the non‐minimum phase characteristic of the boost converter. The dynamic performance of the boost converter with a CPL load in both continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) is evaluated using MB‐based DVMPC and traditional control strategies. The simulation results conducted using MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate that the proposed approach not only enhances the dynamic performance of the DC microgrid, but also reduces the computational burden on the processor. Moreover, experimental results have been performed to validate the proposed strategy. Finally, the stability analysis of the proposed direct voltage control is provided.
Adversarial false data injection attacks on deep learning‐based short‐term wind speed forecasting
Authors: Yang Lei , Liang Gaoshen , Yang Yanrong , Ruan Jiaqi , Yu Peipei , Yang Chao
Published: September 2023

Developing accurate wind speed forecasting methods is indispensable to integrating wind energy into smart grids. However, current state‐of‐the‐art wind speed forecasting methods are almost data‐driven deep learning models, which may incur potential adversarial cyberattacks. To this end, this paper proposes an adversarial false data injection attack tactic to investigate such a cyber threat. First, targeting the deep learning‐based short‐term wind speed forecasting model, an optimization model is constructed to obtain the optimally false data that should be injected into the forecasting model input so as to expand the prediction deviation as much as possible. Then, as the optimization model is non‐differentiable, a particle swarm optimization‐based method is developed to solve the optimization problem, in which the near‐optimal solution is able to be explored, directing the false data that should be injected. At last, numerical studies of the proposed attack tactic are conducted on different‐hour ahead wind speed forecasting models, revealing the feasibility and effectiveness.
Circumgalactic Lyα emission around submillimeter-bright galaxies with different quasar contributions
Authors: González Lobos Vale , Arrigoni Battaia Fabrizio , Chang Seok-Jun , Gronke Max , Kauffmann Guinevere , Chen Chian-Chou , Fu Hai , Obreja Aura , Farina Emanuele P.
Published: September 2023

We present VLT/MUSE observations targeting the extended Lyman-α (Lyα) emission of five high-redshift (z ∼ 3-4) submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) with increasing quasi-stellar object (QSO) radiation: two SMGs; two SMGs that host a QSO; and one SMG that hosts a QSO with an SMG companion (QSO+SMG). These sources are predicted to be located in dark matter halos of comparable masses (average mass of MDM ∼ 1012.2 M⊙). We quantified the luminosity and extent of the Lyα emission, together with its kinematics, and examined four Lyα powering mechanisms: photoionization from QSOs or star formation, shocks by galactic and/or QSO outflows, gravitational cooling radiation, and Lyα photon resonant scattering. We find a variety of Lyα luminosities and extents, with the QSO+SMG system displaying the most extended and bright nebula, followed by the SMGs hosting a QSO, and finally the undetected circumgalactic medium of SMGs. This diversity implies that gravitational cooling is unlikely to be the main powering mechanism. We show that photoionization from the QSO and QSO outflows can contribute to power the emission for average densities nH > 0.5 cm−3. Moreover, the observed Lyα luminosities scale with the QSO’s budget of Lyα photons modulo the dust content in each galaxy, highlighting a possible contribution from resonant scattering of QSO radiation in powering the nebulae. We find larger Lyα linewidths (FWHM ≳ 1200 km s−1) than usually reported around radio-quiet systems, pointing to large-scale outflows. A statistical survey targeting similar high-redshift massive systems with known host properties is needed to confirm our findings.
A model for seagrass species competition: Dynamics of the symmetric case
Authors: Moreno-Spiegelberg Pablo , Gomila Damià
Published: September 2023

We propose a general population dynamics model for two seagrass species growing and interacting in two spatial dimensions. The model includes spatial terms accounting for the clonal growth characteristics of seagrasses, and coupling between species through the net mortality rate. We consider both intraspecies and interspecies facilitative and competitive interactions, allowing density-dependent interaction mechanisms. Here we study the case of very similar species with reciprocal interactions, which allows reducing the number of the model parameters to just four, and whose bifurcation structure can be considered the backbone of the general case. We find that the parameter space can be divided into ten regions with qualitatively different bifurcation diagrams. These regions can be further grouped into just five regimes with different ecological interpretations. Our analysis allows the classification of all possible density distributions and dynamical behaviors of meadows with two coexisting species.
An optimization method to solve a fully intuitionistic fuzzy non-linear separable programming problem
Authors: Sharma Kirti , Singh Vishnu Pratap , Poojara Bhavin , Ebrahimnejad Ali , Chakraborty Debjani
Published: September 2023

This paper presents an optimization method to solve a non-linear separable programming problem with coefficients and variables as generalized trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. Such optimization problems are known as fully intuitionistic fuzzy non-linear separable programming problems. The optimization method is based on the linear approximation of fully intuitionistic fuzzy non-linear separable functions. The concept of an intuitionistic fuzzy line segment between two intuitionistic fuzzy points is introduced to find the required linear approximation. In this way, a fully intuitionistic fuzzy non-linear programming problem is converted into an intuitionistic fuzzy linear programming problem. The defuzzification and component-wise comparison techniques are then used to convert the fully intuitionistic fuzzy linear programming problem to a linear programming problem with crisp coefficients which can then be solved by using traditional optimization techniques. The application of the proposed approach in an investment problem faced by a businessman has been presented.
Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Depression and Anxiety in Elective Knee Surgery Patients
Authors: Kaveeshwar Samir , Schneider Matheus B. , Kung Justin E. , Zhang Tina , Li Samuel Q. , Leong Natalie L. , Packer Jonathan D. , Meredith Sean J. , Henn III R Frank
Published: September 2023

Mental health has been shown to play an important role in patient-reported outcomes (PRO); however, there is a general lack of literature describing patient-reported outcome measurement information system (PROMIS) depression and anxiety computer adaptive tests in elective knee surgery patients. The purpose of our study was to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms before and after elective knee surgery and to determine whether these symptoms influence postoperative functional outcomes. An institutional review board-approved prospective orthopaedic registry was retrospectively queried for patients undergoing elective knee surgery from June 2015 to November 2018. Electronic surveys collecting patient demographic information and PROs were administered pre- and postoperatively. Of the 663 patients that completed baseline questionnaires, 466 completed 2-year follow-up (70.3%). PROs included PROMIS depression, PROMIS anxiety, International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC), and PROMIS physical function (PF). Wilcoxon rank sum and Spearman's rank order correlation were utilized to determine associations between variables. Multivariable analysis was used to control for confounding variables. Average PROMIS depression and anxiety scores significantly improved 2 years after surgery. PROMIS depression and anxiety scores significantly correlated with each other. PROMIS depression and anxiety scores significantly correlated with PROMIS PF and IKDC scores. After controlling for confounders on multivariable analysis, worse 2-year PROMIS anxiety was predictive of less functional improvement and worse 2-year PF and IKDC, while worse 2-year PROMIS depression was predictive of less improvement in IKDC. This study confirms the important relationship between mental health and functional outcomes. Given that psychiatric comorbidities are potentially modifiable with treatment, proper recognition could potentially lead to better orthopaedic outcomes. In addition, the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms postoperatively, as documented by PROMIS computer adaptive tests, may act as a barrier to achieving optimal functional outcomes after elective knee surgery.

Level of Evidence Level III
Incidence, Common Pathogens, and Risk Factors for Infection after Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Schneider Justine G. , Ormseth Benjamin , DiBartola Alex C. , Magnussen Robert A. , Duerr Robert A. , Stoodley Paul , Flanigan David C.
Published: September 2023

We sought to assess the current literature to present a comprehensive summary of the incidence, common pathogens, and risk factors for infection after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Scopus databases were searched for relevant studies reporting on infection after ACL reconstruction. Two reviewers independently screened the extracted studies for adherence to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies were selected if they reported on the incidence of infection, pathogens cultured from infected knees, or risk factors for infection after primary ACL reconstruction. Exclusion criteria consisted of studies with fewer than 100 patients or studies that included revision ACL reconstruction. Fifty studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, reporting on a total of 316,214 ACL reconstructions. Included studies evaluated between 123 and 104,255 patients. The overall incidence of infection was 0.60% (0.15–2.44%). The most common pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and coagulase-negative Staphylococci. Five studies reported that the use of hamstring autograft was a statistically significant risk factor for infection after ACL reconstruction, thus making hamstring autograft the most commonly reported risk factor. Other reported risk factors included male sex, use of immuno-suppressive medications or intraarticular steroid injections, prior knee surgery, and diabetes. Systematic review of the literature revealed that infection after ACL reconstruction remains an infrequent event with an incidence of 0.60% (0.15–2.44%). Furthermore, the most common pathogens are from the Staphylococcus genus of bacteria, comprising 84% of all culture-positive infections. Multiple risk factors have been reported for ACL reconstruction; however, statistical significance varied across studies. Together, these findings may help guide physicians in the prevention and treatment of infection after ACL reconstruction.
Restoring Tibial Slope and Sagittal Alignment of the Femoral Component in Unrestricted Kinematically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Conventional versus Patient-Specific Instrumentation
Authors: Sadoghi Patrick , Draschl Alexander , Leitner Lukas , Fischerauer Stefan , Koutp Amir , Clar Clemens , Leithner Andreas , Klasan Antonio
Published: September 2023

Restoring sagittal alignment in kinematically aligned (KA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is crucial to avoid patellofemoral joint instability or overstuffing and to restore an adequate range of motion. This prospective study compared the accuracy of conventional instrumentation (CI) versus patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) in restoring sagittal alignment of KA TKA measured by the tibial slope and degree of flexion of the femoral component to the sagittal femoral axis. One hundred patients were randomized to receive either CI (n = 50) or PSI (n = 50) for KA TKA. Two observers measured pre- and postoperative X-rays to assess restoration of the tibial slope and sagittal flexion. Inter- and intraclass correlations were calculated, and postoperative tibial and femoral components were compared with preoperative anatomy. In 50 CI patients, 86% (n = 43) had the tibial slope restored exactly, and no deviation more than 1 degree was found. Deviations of 0 to 1 degree were detected in 14% (n = 7). In 50 patients of the PSI group, 56% (n = 28) achieved an exact anatomic tibial slope restoration and 20% (n = 10) showed a deviation more than 2 degrees compared with the preoperative measurement. Deviations ranging between 0 to 1 and 1 to 2 degrees were found in 22% (n = 11) and 2% (n = 1) of cases, respectively. Sagittal alignment of the femoral component showed in both groups no deviation exceeding 1 degree. The restoration of sagittal alignment in KA TKA was statistically significantly differently distributed between CI and PSI (p = < 0.001) without clinical relevance. We found that PSI increased the odds for deviations >2 degrees in tibial slope reconstructions from 0 to 0.20 ([95% confidence interval: 0.09–0.31]; p = 0.001). Both CI and PSI revealed adequate results with respect to restoring sagittal alignment of the tibial and femoral components in KA TKA. The conventional technique requires adequate adjustment of the intramedullary rod to avoid hyperflexion of the femoral component and attention must be paid when restoring the tibial slope using PSI. This is a prospective Level II study.
Still lacking self-reflection after all these years? (De)stabilizing factors of transatlantic relations according to German and US foreign policy experts between 2011 and 2017
Authors: Franke Ulrich , Kurthen Hermann
Published: September 2023

This article compares the trends and theoretical positions found in the recent academic literature on the status and trajectory of transatlantic relations with the beliefs of 96 German and US foreign policy experts. The qualitative data are derived from open-ended in-depth interviews about the political, economic, and cultural factors that influence transatlantic cooperation and friction. Conducted in Berlin in 2011 and in Washington, D.C., in 2017, the interviews correspond with optimist and pessimist perceptions found in the academic literature and align roughly with realist, respectively, liberal/institutionalist and constructivist theoretical positions in International Relations theory and left/right political leanings. The study concludes with suggestions about the prospects for transatlantic relations, and the methodological benefits of comparing beliefs of foreign policy actors with theoretical paradigms and trends in the academic literature.
CMOS-compatible self-quenched active recovery (SQUARE) single-photon detector
Authors: Schuster B. , Peng H. , Arya S. , Jiang Y. , Miah M. A. R. , Zhou J. , Davis A. , Lo Y.-H.
Published: September 2023

Current CMOS single-photon detectors operating in Geiger mode use passive quenching, yielding slow recovery due to the RC delay. Active quenching of CMOS photon detectors operating in the Geiger mode requires external quenching circuitry that occupies a large area, reducing the fill factor and spatial resolution. Here, we demonstrate a self-quenched active recovery (SQUARE) single-photon detector having its recovery accelerated by a secondary carrier multiplication process. The device consists of two gain regions, one giving rise to the photon response and the other quenching the device and amplifying the residual current for a speedy self-recovery. The first gain region is a crystalline silicon p/n junction fabricated through a commercial CMOS process, and the second gain region is a carbon-doped amorphous silicon layer deposited on the top metal layer of a completed CMOS wafer. The SQUARE single-photon detector shows a Geiger-mode gain greater than 100 000 and achieved <30 ns self-recovery time, much faster than self-quenched and passively quenched single-photon avalanche photodiodes reported to date.
Shaping single photons through multimode optical fibers using mechanical perturbations
Authors: Shekel Ronen , Lib Ohad , Gutiérrez-Cuevas Rodrigo , Popoff Sébastien M. , Ling Alexander , Bromberg Yaron
Published: September 2023

Multimode optical fibers support low-loss transmission of multiple spatial modes, allowing for the transport of high-dimensional, spatially encoded information. In particular, encoding quantum information in the transverse shape of photons may boost the capacity of quantum channels while using existing infrastructure. However, when photons propagate through a multimode fiber, their transverse shape gets scrambled because of mode mixing and modal interference. This is usually corrected using free-space spatial light modulators, inhibiting a robust all-fiber operation. In this work, we demonstrate an all-fiber approach for controlling the shape of single photons and the spatial correlations between entangled photon pairs, using carefully controlled mechanical perturbations of the fiber. We optimize these perturbations to localize the spatial distribution of a single photon or the spatial correlations of photon pairs in a single spot, enhancing the signal in the optimized spot by over an order of magnitude. Using the same approach, we show a similar enhancement for coupling light from a multimode fiber into a single-mode fiber.
The case for listing Mountain Ash forests in the Central Highlands of Victoria as a Threatened Ecological Community
Authors: Lindenmayer David , Taylor Chris , Bowd Elle , Ashman Kita
Published: September 2023

Context Thousands of species have been recognised as being at risk of extinction in formal listing processes such as those under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Less common is the recognition that some ecological communities are also at risk and for them to be formally listed. Under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (EPBC Act) in Australia ~100 communities have been recognised as threatened. This number is likely an underestimate as many ecological communities lack available robust long-term data to facilitate assessment. Aims and methods Using insights from a range of research studies and long-term monitoring in the Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans) forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria, we examine evidence for its listing as a Threatened Ecological Community. Key results The structure and composition of the Mountain Ash ecological community and the key ecological processes that underpin its integrity have been radically altered in the past century. The community is extensively degraded, heavily fragmented, and suffering substantial biodiversity loss. It should be listed as a Threatened Ecological Community under the EPBC Act. Conclusions and implications Insights from long-term ecological monitoring and other studies provide a strong case for listing the Mountain Ash forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria as a Threatened Ecological Community. The community meets four of the six criteria for listing as a threatened ecological community. Under those four criteria, the Mountain Ash forest community should be listed as either Endangered or Critically Endangered.
Can predators influence small rodent foraging activity rates immediately after wildfires?
Authors: Puig-Gironès Roger
Published: September 2023

Background Habitat complexity, predation risk, and intraspecific competition shape rodent communities and impact foraging. Wildfires remove vegetation shelter, which increases the predation risk perception and leads to changes in trophic resources availability. Consequently, prey adjust their foraging activity levels to minimise the likelihood of encounters with predators. Rodents select safe habitats and can detect predators’ scents, which allows them to reduce the predation risk when foraging. Aims To evaluate the effects of carnivore occurrence and habitat structure on rodent foraging activity rates immediately after fires using mixed models and structural equation modelling. Methods This study used 900-m linear transects to analyse environmental variables, acorn removal by rodents, and carnivore activity in three recently burnt areas. Results In areas with higher stone marten abundances, rodents removed more acorns. However, acorn removal was also higher in structurally complex habitats with greater rodent abundance. Conclusions Rodents’ foraging activity is driven by increased interspecific competition and the predation risk perception due to the simplicity of the burnt habitat. Additionally, stone martens and rodents share the same preferences for habitat complexity after fires. Implications Habitat complexity increases seed holding by rodents, which positively contributes to fire recovery and attracts predators, thereby increasing species diversity.
Peptidergic modulation of motor neuron output via CART signaling at C bouton synapses
Authors: Eleftheriadis Panagiotis E. , Pothakos Konstantinos , Sharples Simon A. , Apostolou Panagiota E. , Mina Maria , Tetringa Efstathia , Tsape Eirini , Miles Gareth B. , Zagoraiou Laskaro
Published: September 2023

The intensity of muscle contraction, and therefore movement vigor, needs to be adaptable to enable complex motor behaviors. This can be achieved by adjusting the properties of motor neurons, which form the final common pathway for all motor output from the central nervous system. Here, we identify roles for a neuropeptide, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), in the control of movement vigor. We reveal distinct but parallel mechanisms by which CART and acetylcholine, both released at C bouton synapses on motor neurons, selectively amplify the output of subtypes of motor neurons that are recruited during intense movement. We find that mice with broad genetic deletion of CART or selective elimination of acetylcholine from C boutons exhibit deficits in behavioral tasks that require higher levels of motor output. Overall, these data uncover spinal modulatory mechanisms that control movement vigor to support movements that require a high degree of muscle force.
Common population codes produce extremely nonlinear neural manifolds
Authors: De Anandita , Chaudhuri Rishidev
Published: September 2023

Populations of neurons represent sensory, motor, and cognitive variables via patterns of activity distributed across the population. The size of the population used to encode a variable is typically much greater than the dimension of the variable itself, and thus, the corresponding neural population activity occupies lower-dimensional subsets of the full set of possible activity states. Given population activity data with such lower-dimensional structure, a fundamental question asks how close the low-dimensional data lie to a linear subspace. The linearity or nonlinearity of the low-dimensional structure reflects important computational features of the encoding, such as robustness and generalizability. Moreover, identifying such linear structure underlies common data analysis methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Here, we show that for data drawn from many common population codes the resulting point clouds and manifolds are exceedingly nonlinear, with the dimension of the best-fitting linear subspace growing at least exponentially with the true dimension of the data. Consequently, linear methods like PCA fail dramatically at identifying the true underlying structure, even in the limit of arbitrarily many data points and no noise.
Cryo-EM structures of human GPR34 enable the identification of selective antagonists
Authors: Xia Anjie , Yong Xihao , Zhang Changbin , Lin Guifeng , Jia Guowen , Zhao Chang , Wang Xin , Hao Yize , Wang Yifei , Zhou Pei , Yang Xin , Deng Yue , Wu Chao , Chen Yujiao , Zhu Jiawei , Tang Xiaodi , Liu Jingming , Zhang Shiyu , Zhang Jiahao , Xu Zheng , Hu Qian , Zhao Jinlong , Yue Yuting , Yan Wei , Su Zhaoming , Wei Yuquan , Zhou Rongbin , Dong Haohao , Shao Zhenhua , Yang Shengyong
Published: September 2023

GPR34 is a functional G-protein-coupled receptor of Lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS), and has pathogenic roles in numerous diseases, yet remains poorly targeted. We herein report a cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of GPR34 bound with LysoPS (18:1) and Giprotein, revealing a unique ligand recognition mode with the negatively charged head group of LysoPS occupying a polar cavity formed by TM3, 6 and 7, and the hydrophobic tail of LysoPS residing in a lateral open hydrophobic groove formed by TM3-5. Virtual screening and subsequent structural optimization led to the identification of a highly potent and selective antagonist (YL-365). Design of fusion proteins allowed successful determination of the challenging cryo-EM structure of the inactive GPR34 complexed with YL-365, which revealed the competitive binding of YL-365 in a portion of the orthosteric binding pocket of GPR34 and the antagonist-binding-induced allostery in the receptor, implicating the inhibition mechanism of YL-365. Moreover, YL-365 displayed excellent activity in a neuropathic pain model without obvious toxicity. Collectively, this study offers mechanistic insights into the endogenous agonist recognition and antagonist inhibition of GPR34, and provides proof of concept that targeting GPR34 represents a promising strategy for disease treatment.
Cavitation erosion and corrosion-cavitation synergism behaviour of CoCrFeNiMnTix high entropy alloy coatings prepared by laser cladding
Authors: Wang D. C. , Wu C. L. , Zhang S. , Zhang C. H. , Zhang D. X. , Sun X. Y.
Published: September 2023

Cavitation erosion and corrosion-cavitation synergism behavior of CoCrFeNiMnTi x ( x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 in atomic ratio) high entropy alloy coatings were analyzed. The sample with x = 1.0 showed the best cavitation erosion resistance due to the low weight loss and the maximum erosion rate. The protective ability of passivation film also displayed an increased first and then decreased tendency with the increase of Ti content as indicated by corrosion-cavitation synergism determined by open circuit potential method under cavitation erosion and quiescence condition. The sample with x = 1.0 displayed good re-passivation ability of passivation film according to open circuit potential behavior under cavitation erosion and quiescence condition. In general, the sample with x = 1.0 exhibited the highest cavitation erosion, the best self-repairing ability of the passivation film under the corrosion-cavitation synergism condition, which showed a great potential in the application of ocean engineering field as fluid-passing parts.
Melanoma cells repress Desmoglein 1 in keratinocytes to promote tumor cell migration
Authors: Burks Hope E. , Pokorny Jenny L. , Koetsier Jennifer L. , Roth-Carter Quinn R. , Arnette Christopher R. , Gerami Pedram , Seykora John T. , Johnson Jodi L. , Ren Ziyou , Green Kathleen J.
Published: September 2023

Melanoma is an aggressive cancer typically arising from transformation of melanocytes residing in the basal layer of the epidermis, where they are in direct contact with surrounding keratinocytes. The role of keratinocytes in shaping the melanoma tumor microenvironment remains understudied. We previously showed that temporary loss of the keratinocyte-specific cadherin, Desmoglein 1 (Dsg1), controls paracrine signaling between normal melanocytes and keratinocytes to stimulate the protective tanning response. Here, we provide evidence that melanoma cells hijack this intercellular communication by secreting factors that keep Dsg1 expression low in the surrounding keratinocytes, which in turn generate their own paracrine signals that enhance melanoma spread through CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling. Evidence suggests a model whereby paracrine signaling from melanoma cells increases levels of the transcriptional repressor Slug, and consequently decreases expression of the Dsg1 transcriptional activator Grhl1. Together, these data support the idea that paracrine crosstalk between melanoma cells and keratinocytes resulting in chronic keratinocyte Dsg1 reduction contributes to melanoma cell movement associated with tumor progression.
Observational constrained
gravity cosmological model and the dynamical system analysis
Authors: Lohakare Santosh V , Rathore Krishna , Mishra B
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we have analyzed the geometrical and dynamical parameters of

cosmological model, (R,

being the Ricci scalar and Gauss–Bonnet invariant respectively), constraining the parameters through the cosmological data sets. It is exhibited that the model admits a viable radiation era, and early deceleration followed by late-time acceleration in the matter-dominated era. From the phase-space, portrait stability criterion has been analyzed, restricting the parameter β, different from

β
=
−
1

. Additionally, we have explored the stability of the model from the behavior of critical points and obtained the present value of the density parameter for matter-dominated and dark energy components, which are identical to those obtained through cosmological data sets.
The top quark chromomagnetic dipole moment in the SM from the 4-body vertex function
Authors: Montaño-Domínguez J , Ramírez-Zavaleta F , Tututi E S , Urquiza-Trejo E
Published: September 2023

A new proposal to compute the anomalous chromomagnetic dipole moment of the top quark,

μ

ˆ

t

, in the Standard Model is presented. On the basis of the five-dimensional effective Lagrangian operator that characterizes the quantum-loop induced chromodipolar vertices

gt

t

¯

and

ggt

t

¯

, the

μ

ˆ

t

anomaly is derived via radiative correction at the 1-loop level from the non-Abelian 4-body vertex function

ggt

t

¯

. We evaluate

μ

ˆ

t

(
s
)

as a function of the energy scale s = ±E
2, for E = [10, 1000] GeV, taking into account the running of the quark masses and alpha strong through the

MS

¯

scheme. In particular, we find that at the typical energy scale E = m

Z
for high-energy physics, similarly to

α

s

(

m

Z

2

)

,

α
(

m

Z

2

)

and

s

W

(

m

Z

2

)

, the spacelike evaluation yields

μ

ˆ

t

(
−

m

Z

2

)

= −0.025 + 0.00384i and the timelike

μ

ˆ

t

(

m

Z

2

)

= −0.0318 − 0.0106i. This Re

μ

ˆ

t

(
−

m

Z

2

)

= −0.025 from

ggt

t

¯

is even closer to the experimental central value

μ

ˆ

t

Exp

=

−0.024, than that coming from the known 3-body vertex function

gt

t

¯

, −0.0224. Once again, the Im

μ

ˆ

t

(
−

m

Z

2

)

part is due to the contribution of virtual charged currents, just like in the

gt

t

¯

case. We can infer that the spacelike prediction is the favored one.
Effect of crosslinking fraction, hardener functionality and topological quality on stress recovery of thermoset shape memory polymers: a coarse-grained molecular dynamics study
Authors: Nourian Pouria , Wick Collin D , Peters Andrew J
Published: September 2023

We analyzed the effects of crosslinking fraction and number of functional sites per hardener molecule on the stress recovery and topology of thermoset shape memory polymers (TSMPs) via coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. After systematically varying the quality of the crosslinked network by manipulating the number of unique epoxies reacted with each hardener, we found that two fingerprints correlate well with stress recovery of TSMPs. These fingerprints are the fraction of epoxy molecules connected to two distinct hardener molecules, and the fraction of molecules that are part of the largest or main network in the system. Their product can be used as a topological score (

S

topo

) to quantify the topological feature of the network. When analyzing stress recovery as a function of

S

topo

, we found a strong correlation between

S

topo

and recovery stress. Moreover, we observed that while a higher crosslinking fraction did frequently lead to a higher stress recovery, many exceptions existed. High functionality hardeners tend to exhibit higher stress recovery at similar

S

topo

, especially at high (>0.65)

S

topo

. These results suggest that increasing the number of functional sites per hardener molecule combined with improving the topology of the network with a method such as semi batch monomer addition can lead to an improvement in the stress recovery of TSMPs.
The effect of bias current configuration on the performance of SQUID arrays
Authors: Galí Labarias M A , Müller K-H , Mitchell E E
Published: September 2023

Designing superconducting electronic devices involves a careful study of all the elements in the circuit, including the superconducting bias leads. In this work, we introduce a theoretical model for two-dimensional (2D) superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) arrays capable of simulating the voltage-to-magnetic flux response of devices with different bias current configurations. First, we compare uniformly biased and centre biased SQUID arrays by investigating the voltage versus magnetic flux response, maximum transfer function and voltage modulation depth. Then, we calculate the time-averaged fluxoid distributions for one-dimensional (1D) and 2D centre biased arrays. Finally, we study the performance of the two bias current configurations depending on array size, screening parameter, thermal noise strength and kinetic self-inductance fraction. Our calculations reveal: (i) centre biased 1D parallel SQUID arrays present an unusual voltage response caused by the asymmetric fluxoid distribution; (ii) the optimal transfer function of centre biased arrays strongly depends on the number of junctions in parallel; (iii) the performance of centre biased arrays approaches the uniform biased ones when the number of junctions in series exceeds those in parallel; (iv) while the screening parameter and the thermal noise strength clearly affect the device performance, the kinetic to self-inductance fraction seems to play only a secondary role.
Peak effects induced by particle irradiations in 2H-NbSe2
Authors: Li Wenjie , Pyon Sunseng , Yagi Akiyoshi , Yu Cheng , Sakagami Ryosuke , Ichinose Ataru , Okayasu Satoru , Tamegai Tsuyoshi
Published: September 2023

Various peak effects in 2H-NbSe2 single crystals induced by particle irradiations were studied. 3 MeV proton irradiation magnified the peak effect induced by order–disorder (O-DO) transition of vortices, where the peak field shifts from high fields to low fields with increasing irradiation dose. For the peak effect in NbSe

2

with splayed columnar defects (CDs), as the splayed angle increases, peak field gradually shifts from high fields to low fields. Numerical calculations have been conducted to investigate the mechanism of the peak effect. The calculated results exhibit excellent agreement with experimental observations. Analyses of field dependence of J

c

reveal the formation of non-uniform J

c

flow with increasing splayed angle, which plays a crucial role in inducing the self-field peak effect in superconductors with splayed CDs. In samples with symmetric splayed CDs with respect to the c-axis generated by 800 MeV Xe and 320 MeV Au ions, coexistence of O-DO transition-induced peak effect and self-field peak effect was observed. In the case of 320 MeV Au irradiated samples, when the splay angle is small, the two peak effects transform into a broad peak, which has similarity to the anomalous peak effect observed in iron-based superconductors. Interestingly, the broad anomalous peak effect is strongly suppressed when the external magnetic field is applied parallel to one of splayed CDs.
Resonance mechanisms of coupled-particle plasmonic nano-antennas to maximize UV fluorescence enhancement of biological molecules
Authors: Cheng Xueling , Rodriguez Miguel , Wang Yunshan
Published: September 2023

We investigated several geometric parameters such as the height, width and length, and the contribution of different plasmonic modes on the enhancement factors of aluminum (Al) bowtie nano-antennas (BNAs) on tryptophan’s native fluorescence in the ultraviolet (UV) to visible range. The highest fluorescence enhancement was produced by the tallest BNAs. Analysis revealed that, in tall BNAs illuminated at normal incidence, phase retardation amplified quadrupole resonances which were exploited to obtain high excitation enhancement. The optimized oxide-free Al BNA predicted 331 × excitation enhancement, 74 x radiative enhancement, 993 × fluorescence net enhancement and the optimized oxidized Al BNA predicted 128 × excitation enhancement, 142 × radiative enhancement and 461 × fluorescence net enhancement. These enhancement factors are the largest reported for simulated UV plasmonic structures in literature using tryptophan as the model molecule. The effect of length and width on the different plasmonic modes were also studied and explained in depth. An oxide layer dampened the excitation enhancement but has negligible effect on emission enhancements. The numerical study conducted in this manuscript sheds light to light–matter interaction in the UV frequency range.
Dynamic Modulation of Multilayer Structured Metamaterials Based on Vanadium Dioxide
Authors: Zhu Zhenyuan , Cao Xiaolong , Yuan Jiaqi , Du Yuchen , Zhang Tongchang
Published: September 2023

In order to achieve a better characterized electromagnetic induction transparency (EIT) effect, a temperature-controlled modulated three-layer terahertz (THz) metamaterial structure based on the phase transition properties of vanadium dioxide (VO2) is designed, which is capable of demonstrating independently tunable multi-band broadband EIT effect. Simulations are applied to optimize the structure parametrically by varying the C-type resonator’s the length of the two arms and the interlayer spacing of each dielectric layer. The overall structure coupling is changed by varying the conductivity of the temperature-regulated VO2 to achieve independent dynamic modulation. Finally, the EIT effect is achieved at more than 85% of the frequencies in the 0.8 THz to 2.2 THz region, and the transparency exceeds 0.8. This independently tunable and broadband characteristic is of great interest for the application of the EIT effect.
Preparation of RE/g-C3N4 Photocatalysts by Thermal Polycondensation Method and Its Properties
Authors: Shang Hongyu , Peng Fuchang , Liu Jingjing , Lai Qi , Liu Qiaochu , Huang Shuiqing
Published: September 2023

Graphite phase carbon nitride photocatalysts (RE/g-C3N4) doped with different rare earths (RE=La, Ce, Sm, Nd, Eu) were prepared by thermal polycondensation method using rare earth metal nitrate and melamine as raw materials. The photocatalytic performance of RE/g-C3N4 was studied through using photo-degradation reaction of methylene blue (MB) as the evaluation model. The effects of calcination temperature, rare earth elements type and doping ratio on the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 were studied. The microstructure of the samples were characterized by FESEM, XRD, UV-Vis, etc. The results show that RE doping can refine the grains and enhance the absorption of visible light. The performance of rare earth doped samples have a significantly improved compared with pure g-C3N4. The performance of La doped samples was better than that of Ce, Sm, Nd and Eu doped g-C3N4. As the temperature increases, the photocatalytic activity of La/g-C3N4 samples increases. When the La doping ratio is 4.0%, the calcination temperature is 590 °C, the degradation rate of The La/g-C3N4 photocatalyst to MB is up to 98.0% within 4 h under visible light irradiation.
Research on the low-carbon dispatching method of a distribution system based on carbon emission flow theory
Authors: Lv Xiangyu , Ji Xiu , Wang Jiarui , Qi Chenglong , Liu Chang
Published: September 2023

The concept of carbon stream emissions analysis of energy networks has brought a new research direction for low-carbon power. It is an urgent problem to solve the distribution of carbon stream emissions in the energy network accurately and systematically according to the results of power flow calculation. Using the carbon stream emissions theory, the distribution network system’s carbon stream emissions flow is studied in terms of its distribution law and calculation features. The similarities and differences with power flow calculation are compared further. The carbon stream emissions analysis model is established. On this basis, the energy network flow carbon stream emissions of the energy network are optimized using particle swarm optimization algorithm with the lowest carbon emission of the distribution network as the optimization target function with the reactive power compensator as the execution unit and verified by the IEEE33-bus system. The model suggested can offer useful guidance and reference for setting up the optimal low-carbon operation method for the distribution network.
Solar Cell Performance Change Based on Polymer Change
Authors: Wu Zhishang , Liang Xuhua
Published: September 2023

According to the latest big data statistics and analysis, the new data study trend is a growing trend, with an increase of 28% by 2040, with China and India leading the growth in global energy consumption, and the development and utilization of new energy sources are imminent. Compared to traditional inorganic solar cells, polymer solar cells have become a new option for commercially available renewable energy because of their low cost, compatibility with flexible processes, and ability to be produced on a large scale and at low cost through printing and coating technologies, thus offering excellent prospects for application.
General quantum correlation from nonreal values of Kirkwood–Dirac quasiprobability over orthonormal product bases
Authors: Budiyono Agung , Gunara Bobby E , Nurhandoko Bagus E B , Dipojono Hermawan K
Published: September 2023

We propose a characterization and a quantification of the general quantum correlation which is exhibited even by a separable (unentangled) mixed bipartite state in terms of the nonclassical values of the associated Kirkwood–Dirac (KD) quasiprobability. Such a general quantum correlation, wherein entanglement is a subset, is not only intriguing from a fundamental point of view, but it has also been recognized as a resource in a variety of schemes of quantum information processing and quantum technology. Given a bipartite state, we construct a quantity based on the imaginary part the associated KD quasiprobability defined over a pair of orthonormal product bases and an optimization procedure over all pairs of such bases. We show that it satisfies certain requirements expected for a quantifier of general quantum correlations. It gives a lower bound to the total sum of the quantum standard deviation of all the elements of the product (local) basis, minimized over all such bases. It suggests an interpretation as the minimum genuine quantum share of uncertainty in all local von-Neumann projective measurements. Moreover, it is a faithful witness for entanglement and measurement-induced nonlocality of pure bipartite states. We then discuss a variational scheme for its estimation, and based on this, we offer information theoretical meanings of the general quantum correlation. Our results suggest a deep connection between the nonclassical concept of general quantum correlation and the nonclassical values of the KD quasiprobability and the associated strange weak values.