bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Personality traits and intrapreneurship: the mediating effect of career adaptability
Authors: Woo Hyung Rok
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discover the antecedents of intrapreneurship. Based on career construction theory and prior personality studies, this study examined the mediating effects of career adaptability on the relation between personality traits and intrapreneurship.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional survey was conducted using employees from four Korean companies. The hypothesized research model was tested with 473 data using structural equation modeling. The bootstrap procedure and the phantom model approach were also employed to thoroughly examine the indirect effects of personality traits on intrapreneurship via career adaptability.

Findings

The results demonstrated that career adaptability mediated the overall relation between personality traits and intrapreneurship. Career adaptability completely mediated the relation between intrapreneurship and both openness and conscientiousness from the Big Five personality dimensions. Regarding extraversion, the mediating effects of career adaptability were not supported by the results, but the direct effects were found to be significant.

Practical implications

These findings offer new insights into the intrapreneurial talents required of employees in organizations. The application of the identified direct or indirect impact of personality traits through career adaptability may help human resource managers to select and foster potential intrapreneurs and facilitate career coaches in understanding employees’ assets and obstacles in developing intrapreneurial competencies.

Originality/value

This is the first empirical study to explore the mechanism between personality traits and intrapreneurship by examining the mediating role of career adaptability in the workplace and thereby this study contributes to bridging the gap of different research domains between intrapreneurship and career adaptability.
A Ricardian valuation of the impact of climate change on Nigerian cocoa production
Authors: Fonta William M. , Kedir Abbi M. , Bossa Aymar Y. , Greenough Karen M. , Sylla Bamba M. , Ayuk Elias T.
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the relative importance of climate normals (average long-term temperature and precipitation) in explaining net farm revenue per hectare (NRh) for supplementary irrigated and rainfed cocoa farms in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach

NRh was estimated for 280 cocoa farmers sampled across seven Nigerian states. It was regressed on climate, household socio-economic characteristics and other control variables by using a Ricardian analytical framework. Marginal calculations were used to isolate the effects of climate change (CC) on cocoa farm revenues under supplementary irrigated and rainfed conditions. Future impacts of CC were simulated using Six CORDEX regional climate model (RCM) ensemble between 2036-2065 and 2071-2100.

Findings

Results indicate high sensitivity of NRh to Nigerian climate normals depending on whether farms use supplementary irrigation. Average annual temperature increases and precipitation decreases are associated with NRh losses for rainfed farms and gains for supplementary irrigated cocoa farms. Projections of future CC impacts suggest a wide range of NRh outcomes on supplementary irrigated and rainfed farm revenues, demonstrating the importance of irrigation as an effective adaptation strategy in Nigeria.

Originality/value

This paper uses novel data sets for simulating future CC impacts on land values in Nigeria. CORDEX data constitute the most comprehensive RCMs projections available for Africa.
A review of knowledge management about theoretical conception and designing approaches
Authors: Gao Tingwei , Chai Yueting , Liu Yi
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The main purpose of this paper is to conduct an in-depth theoretical review and analysis for the fields of knowledge management (KM) and investigate the future research trend about KM.

Design/methodology/approach

At first, few theoretical basis about KM which include definitions and stages about KM have been summarized and analyzed. Then a comprehensive review about the major approaches for designing the KM system from different perspectives including knowledge representation and organization, knowledge sharing and performance measure for KM has been conducted.

Findings

The contributions of this paper will be useful for both academics and practitioners for the study of KM.

Originality/value

For this research, the focus is on conducting an in-depth theoretical review and analysis of KM.
Social media as communication channel in emerging economies: a closer look at cultural implications
Authors: Olaniran Bolanle A.
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, to explore the intricacies of culture along with the complex contextual factors that affect the selection, implementation and use of social media as an organizational communication channel in emerging markets. Second, by using Hofstede’s dimension of cultural variability as a framework, the paper identifies different variables that impact usage and adoption of social media in emerging markets.

Design/methodology/approach

A review of literature was employed for this study to glean different factors that influence social media use in less economically developed countries and emerging markets. The selected literature consisted of the following keyword phrases “social media” and “emerging markets.” The term “culture” was used to narrow the scope of the analysis.

Findings

The analysis provides insights about how elements such as context, culture, communication preference, trust, gender and literacy affect social media use of individuals within organizations and merchants operating in emerging markets. The paper, in particular suggests that all social media campaigns contain important cultural considerations for potential users who will interact with the social networks in emerging markets.

Research limitations/implications

The review of literature may not have been all inclusive. Hence, certain relevant studies may have been excluded based their lack of selected keywords. Furthermore, currently there are not enough published studies in social media usage and emerging markets to fully explore the topic. Therefore, a call for more empirical research utilizing mixed method approach will provide a more comprehensive analysis.

Practical implications

The paper includes implications for the development of technological and cultural fit in the diffusion of social media technologies in an attempt to achieve desired results in emerging markets.

Originality/value

This paper identifies the need for clarity or understanding of culture when crossing cultural boundaries in particular West vs East through the use of new and social media within emerging markets.
Climate change denial: vulnerability and costs for Florida’s coastal destinations
Authors: Atzori Roberta , Fyall Alan
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the vulnerability of Florida’s coastal destinations to climate change and the costs of the adaptation measures required to cope with the impacts of climate change in a range of current and future scenarios.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper illustrates a range of current and projected climate change scenarios in Florida, the challenges the state is already experiencing in dealing with the impacts of climate change and some of the measures adopted to date in three particularly vulnerable coastal destinations, namely Fort Lauderdale, Miami Beach and Sarasota.

Findings

Although tourism is the number one industry in Florida, the state holds a particularly vulnerable position with respect to climate change. The vacuum of political will to address these issues at the state level is thus of particular concern given the vulnerable position of Florida’s coastal areas. With nearly 10 percent of its land area lying at less than one meter above the present sea level, adaptation is especially urgent in Florida. The local government of Florida’s cities such as Fort Lauderdale, Miami Beach and Sarasota are not willing to surrender to sea level rise (SLR). However, without a strong political will to address climate change at the state and federal levels, the costs of adapting to an escalating SLR are becoming progressively unsustainable.

Originality/value

This illustrative case study paper provides a contemporary synthesis of the implications for Florida’s coastal tourism destinations of rising sea levels and those adaptation strategies deemed appropriate in the search for their longer-term sustainability.
Impact of additive manufacturing on aircraft supply chain performance
Authors: Ghadge Abhijeet , Karantoni Georgia , Chaudhuri Atanu , Srinivasan Aravindan
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of additive manufacturing (AM) implementation on aircraft supply chain (SC) networks. Additive and conventional manufacturing spare part inventory control systems are studied and compared, revealing insights into SC performance.

Design/methodology/approach

A leading global commercial airline’s SC network data are used to model the research problem. A system dynamics simulation approach is followed, drawing out insights for managers.

Findings

A significant improvement in SC efficiency is observed through the implementation of AM, rendering it a worthwhile investment for global SCs. AM helps to balance inventory levels, and increase responsiveness while decreasing disruptions and carbon emissions in the supply networks.

Practical implications

The paper offers guidance on the adaption of AM in aircraft SCs and AM’s impact on spare part inventory systems.

Originality/value

The study provides robust evidence for making critical managerial decisions on SC re-design driven by a new and disruptive technology. Next-generation SC and logistics will replace the current demand for fulfilling material products by AM machines.
The new paradigm of Islamic corporate governance
Authors: Mansour Walid , Bhatti M. Ishaq
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the new paradigm of Islamic corporate governance (ICG) in an emerging area of Islamic finance.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper adopts an analytical approach to investigate the new executive and managerial roles that ICG is expected to play in the process of corporate financial decision making.

Findings

The authors argue that ICG is no longer expected to play the traditional supervisory and regulatory role within Islamic financial institutions. Indeed, the acuteness of competition, the observed failures of the Islamic finance industry, the unprecedented challenges, and the required ethical considerations levy as a new approach that improve the growth of the Islamic finance industry sustain its survival in the global financial world, and enhance the welfare of 25 percent of the world population who survived beyond all level of poverties.

Originality/value

The authors claim that ICG must be endowed with a multi-faceted, new paradigm for the purpose of improving the stakeholders’ interests and reaching the best business practices of the Islamic finance industry to cater investors’ need and the social well-being of the homeless and disadvantaged communities.
Analyzing financial performance by integrating conventional governance mechanisms into the GCC Islamic banking framework
Authors: Al-Malkawi Husam-Aldin Nizar , Pillai Rekha
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to integrate conventional corporate governance (CG) mechanisms into the Islamic banking framework in order to examine their impact on Islamic banks (IBs) financial performance (IBFP) within the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) context.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses a sample of 22 full-fledged IBs operating in the GCC countries over an 11-year period from 2005 to 2015. Using panel data approach, the paper develops an empirical model consists of five CG mechanisms and three control variables. The model parameters are estimated using feasible generalized least squares framework.

Findings

The results show that five internal CG mechanisms have statistically significant relationship with IBFP, measured byQ-ratio. Insider shareholding is found to be positively associated with IBFP, while institutional and government shareholdings are found to be negatively related toQ-ratio, the results being consistent with the agency theory, strategic alignment theory and property rights theory, respectively. Moreover, the results reveal that large board size and CSR engagement negatively influence IBFP, once again lending support to agency theory and trade off theory, respectively. The control variables, namely, leverage, size and age are also found to have a statistically significant relationship with IBFP.

Practical implications

IBs are urged to ensure transparency in the provision of innovative products fundamentally in contrast to conventional banking products as well as cater to the untapped markets by weaving Islamic values into the existing CG fabric, as a feasible solution to remain competitive.

Originality/value

The paper examines the relationship between internal CG mechanisms and financial performance of listed and non-listed full-fledged IBs operating in the GCC countries.
Stakeholder engagement in corporate reporting: towards building a strong reputation
Authors: Blackburn Nivea , Hooper Val , Abratt Russell , Brown Judy
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which organisations engage with stakeholders about social and environmental issues. The authors establish where the designers of these reports source the information reported.

Design/methodology/approach

This was an exploratory study that employed a qualitative research design. Interviews with 24 individuals from 15 organisations in New Zealand that are involved with the writing of sustainability reports were conducted. In addition documents were analysed from a number of organisations to allow for triangulation.

Findings

Findings indicate that engagement with stakeholders was important and one of the main purposes was to have a licence to stay in business. It was also found that managers do prioritise the saliency of issues. Generally, stakeholders do not get involved in the decision making pertaining to environmental issues in organisations.

Research limitations/implications

The sample investigated in this study was relatively small so generalisation of the results would be difficult. However, these in depth interviews did provide insights that can be used in further study using large samples and in different countries.

Originality/value

This is the first time that the designers of annual reports were interviewed. They have knowledge of the extent of stakeholder engagement with firms.
Interplaying ecosystems: a mega-level analysis of education and labour ecosystems
Authors: Manna Rosalba , Ciasullo Maria Vincenza , Cosimato Silvia , Palumbo Rocco
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The ecosystem view is a fascinating perspective which provides management scholars with innovative conceptual tools to investigate the functioning of complex service systems. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the “mega” level of the education service ecosystem in an attempt to explain the relationships between education attainments and income disparities across Europe.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions. Data trends over the time period (2007-2010) were investigated, involving 27 European countries. Unobserved time-invariant heterogeneity was controlled and dynamics over time were investigated. A random effects model was estimated for each country. The semi-log functional form is informed by Mincer’s (1974) human capital models.

Findings

Education levels were found to be a predictor of income inequality in all the countries included in this research, i.e. higher education level leads to higher income and vice versa. However, the effect of education attainments on individual earnings was irregular. Eastern European countries, inter alia, revealed a strong relationship between education attainments and individual earnings, whereas Scandinavian countries showed a weak link between education levels and income.

Practical implications

Education has the potential to affect income inequalities in Europe. Policy makers should develop tailored strategies to deal with the consequences of education levels on individual earnings. Both education services’ quality and the interaction between education and moderating socio-demographic variables may influence income inequality in European countries.

Originality/value

This is one of the first attempts to investigate the relationship between education and income inequalities drawing on the service ecosystem perspective. Further conceptual and practical developments are needed to better explain the effects of education attainments on income inequality.
Uncovering the unseen passion: a fire to foster ambition toward innovation
Authors: Chebo Abdella Kosa , Kute Idris Mohammed
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to uncover the role of entrepreneurial passion and resources on innovativeness. The research also tested the moderating role of entrepreneurial commitment and environmental unpredictability.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 112 small firm owners/managers was selected from central Ethiopia using two level multi-stage sampling. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive analysis and hierarchical regression analysis.

Findings

The owners/managers who are passionate and have adequate human and financial capital are involved more on discovering and exploitation of promising business opportunities that lead to innovativeness. The commitment among passionate and resourceful owners/managers raises a fire on the individuals to be more innovative, but the strong entrepreneurial passion and resources faced challenges in the unpredictable environment to change the ambition to actions.

Research limitations/implications

The future research should also include the financial measures or financial resources and other variables such as entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial background in a cross-country study.

Practical implications

The policy makers should develop sustainable strategies that encourage passionate firms toward innovativeness.

Originality/value

The study brings a new insight on the relationship between entrepreneurial passion, entrepreneurial resources, and innovativeness. The study also contributes to entrepreneurship literature by investigating the moderating role of entrepreneurial commitment and environmental unpredictability in relating entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial resource to innovativeness. In addition, by exploring the contribution of entrepreneurial passion and resources toward innovativeness, it helps to bring the discussion forward on the subject matter.
Forensic SNP Genotyping with SNaPshot: Development of a Novel In‐house SBE Multiplex SNP Assay,
Authors: Zar Mian Sahib , Shahid Ahmad Ali , Shahzad Muhammad Saqib , Shin Kyoung‐Jin , Lee Hwan Young , Lee Sang‐Seob , Israr Muhammad , Wiegand Peter , Kulstein Galina
Published: April 2018

This study introduces a newly developed in‐house SNaPshot single‐base extension (SBE) multiplex assay for forensic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping of fresh and degraded samples. The assay was validated with fresh blood samples from four different populations. In addition, altogether 24 samples from skeletal remains were analyzed with the multiplex. Full SNP profiles could be obtained from 14 specimens, while ten remains showed partial SNP profiles. Minor allele frequencies (MAF) of bone samples and different populations were compared and used for association of skeletal remains with a certain population. The results reveal that the SNPs of the bone samples are genetically close to the Pathan population. The findings show that the new multiplex system can be utilized for SNP genotyping of degraded and forensic relevant skeletal material, enabling to provide additional investigative leads in criminal cases.
Exercise interventions in healthy older adults with sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Vlietstra Lara , Hendrickx Wendy , Waters Debra L
Published: April 2018

Objective

To systematically assess the effects of exercise interventions on body composition and functional outcomes in older adults with sarcopenia.

Methods

PubMed/Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched from 2006 to 2017 for exercise randomised controlled trials and controlled clinical trials in adults 60 years and older with sarcopenia. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis protocol (PRISMA‐P) and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale assessed internal validity. Meta‐analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed.

Results

Searches retrieved 1512 titles. Thirty‐two full texts were evaluated, and six trials were included. Methodological quality was 5.5 (0–10). Meta‐analysis revealed that knee‐extension strength (P ≤ 0.01), timed up and go (P < 0.0001), appendicular muscle mass (P = 0.04) and leg muscle mass (P = 0.04) significantly improved in response to exercise interventions.

Conclusions

Exercise interventions significantly improved strength, balance and muscle mass. However, the number of trials was small and the training effect was inconsistent due to heterogeneity in exercise mode, duration and intensity. Lack of detailed description makes it impossible to reflect on the progressive resistance training approaches used. More research is needed to confirm these findings.
Impact of HBV genotype and mutations on HBV DNA and qHBsAg levels in patients with HBeAg‐negative chronic HBV infection
Authors: Kuhnhenn L. , Jiang B. , Kubesch A. , Vermehren J. , Knop V. , Susser S. , Dietz J. , Carra G. , Finkelmeier F. , Grammatikos G. , Zeuzem S. , Sarrazin C. , Hildt E. , Peiffer K.‐H.
Published: April 2018

Background

HBV DNA and quantitative (q)HBsAg levels as prognostic markers for HBV‐related disease are mostly validated in Asia and their significance in Western populations is uncertain.

Aim

To analyse the impact of the HBV genotype and frequent mutations in precore (PC), basal core promoter (BCP) and preS on HBV DNA and qHBsAg levels.

Methods

HBV DNA and qHBsAg serum levels of 465 patients with HBeAg‐negative chronic HBV infection were correlated with the HBV genotype and mutations in PC, BCP and preS. For a detailed analysis of the molecular virology, genotype A2 genomes harbouring these mutations were analysed for replication efficacy and HBsAg release in cell culture.

Results

While no impact of the HBV genotype on HBV DNA levels was observed, qHBsAg levels differed up to 1.4 log among the genotypes (P < 0.001), reflected by large differences regarding the 1000 IU/mL HBsAg cut‐off.

While PC mutations were associated with higher (P < 0.001), BCP mutations were associated with lower HBV DNA levels (P < 0.001). Higher qHBsAg levels were associated with preS and lower levels with PC mutations (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). The cell culture experiments revealed a higher HBsAg release and shorter filaments in case of a HBV genome harbouring a preS deletion. In contrast, a perinuclear HBsAg accumulation was detected for the PC and BCP‐variants, reflecting an impaired HBsAg release.

Conclusions

qHBsAg serum levels depend on the HBV genotype and together with HBV DNA levels on frequent mutations in PC, BCP and preS in HBeAg‐negative patients. qHBsAg cut‐offs when used as prognostic markers require genotype‐dependent validation.
Novel quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one linked to 1,2,3‐triazoles: Synthesis and anticancer activity
Authors: Safavi Maliheh , Ashtari Arsalan , Khalili Faezeh , Mirfazli Seyedeh Sara , Saeedi Mina , Ardestani Sussan Kabudanian , Rashidi Ranjbar Parviz , Barazandeh Tehrani Maliheh , Larijani Bagher , Mahdavi Mohammad
Published: April 2018

In this work, a wide range of novel quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one linked to 1,2,3‐triazoles was designed, synthesized, and evaluated against a panel of three human breast (MDA‐MB‐231, MCF‐7, T‐47D), lung (A549), and prostate (PC3) cancer cell lines. Our results revealed that the anticancer activity of the synthesized compounds was selectively affected by the presence of methoxy group on the linker between quinazolinone and 1,2,3‐triazole moieties. According to the calculated IC50 values, compounds 6q, 6w, and 6x showed good cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell lines even more effective than the reference drug, etoposide. Compounds 6q and 6u were found to be potent compounds against A549, non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), comparing with erlotinib. Also, the morphological analysis by acridine orange/ethidium bromide double staining test and flow cytometry analysis indicated that potent compounds induced apoptosis in human cancer cell lines. Molecular docking studies were performed to clarify the inhibition mode of compounds 6g, 6u, 6w, and 6x over the EGFR active site. The most promising compounds, 6q and 6u, possessing 3‐methoxy group were well oriented to the gatekeeper hydrophobic pocket of EGFR active site and interact well with Ala719, Val702, and Leu820 through hydrophobic interaction.
Parental psychosocial factors and childhood caries prevention: Data from an American Indian population
Authors: Albino Judith , Tiwari Tamanna , Henderson William G. , Thomas Jacob F. , Braun Patricia A. , Batliner Terrence S.
Published: April 2018

Objectives

The objective of this study was to examine the association among psychological and social variables reported by American Indian parents/caregivers of preschool children and changes in their Oral Health Knowledge and Behaviors related to care of their children's teeth. We also investigated the relationship of these factors with progression of caries, as reflected by changes in their children's dmfs.

Methods

The data used for this study were collected at baseline in a clinical trial of an oral health promotion intervention comprising behavioural and clinical interventions for caries prevention delivered by tribal members on a large Southwestern American Indian reservation. Linear regression analyses were performed for changes (baseline to Year 1) in dmfs, Oral Health Knowledge and Oral Health Behavior scores, with baseline psychosocial measures, taken individually, as the independent variables.

Results

Parents’ attitudes and beliefs were associated with increases in their Oral Health Knowledge and Behavior and also with the progression of caries for their children. When all participants were considered together, increases in children's dmfs were smaller when the caregiver had higher Internal Oral Health Locus of Control (e = −1.33, P = .004), higher Health Literacy (e = −1.55, P < .01), and higher Financial Stability (e = −4.46, P = .03), and lower scores for the Barriers subscale (e = 1.57, P < .01) of the Health Belief Model. For parents in the Intervention group, higher scores on Locus of Control, reflecting beliefs that chance, or other people determine their children's oral health, were associated with larger increases in Oral Health Knowledge (e = 1.73, P = .04) and Behaviors (e = 4.00, P = .005).

Conclusions

Prevention of early childhood caries in American Indian children has proved to be especially challenging. Some of the measures identified in this report may suggest promising directions to prevention through approaches that build on competencies and skills to be learned and used within a context more broadly focused on parenting and management of health and family challenges.
Automated video‐based detection of nocturnal convulsive seizures in a residential care setting
Authors: Geertsema Evelien E. , Thijs Roland D. , Gutter Therese , Vledder Ben , Arends Johan B. , Leijten Frans S. , Visser Gerhard H. , Kalitzin Stiliyan N.
Published: April 2018

People with epilepsy need assistance and are at risk of sudden death when having convulsive seizures (CS). Automated real‐time seizure detection systems can help alert caregivers, but wearable sensors are not always tolerated. We determined algorithm settings and investigated detection performance of a video algorithm to detect CS in a residential care setting. The algorithm calculates power in the 2‐6 Hz range relative to 0.5‐12.5 Hz range in group velocity signals derived from video‐sequence optical flow. A detection threshold was found using a training set consisting of video‐electroencephalogaphy (EEG) recordings of 72 CS. A test set consisting of 24 full nights of 12 new subjects in residential care and additional recordings of 50 CS selected randomly was used to estimate performance. All data were analyzed retrospectively. The start and end of CS (generalized clonic and tonic–clonic seizures) and other seizures considered desirable to detect (long generalized tonic, hyperkinetic, and other major seizures) were annotated. The detection threshold was set to the value that obtained 97% sensitivity in the training set. Sensitivity, latency, and false detection rate (FDR) per night were calculated in the test set. A seizure was detected when the algorithm output exceeded the threshold continuously for 2 seconds. With the detection threshold determined in the training set, all CS were detected in the test set (100% sensitivity). Latency was ≤10 seconds in 78% of detections. Three/five hyperkinetic and 6/9 other major seizures were detected. Median FDR was 0.78 per night and no false detections occurred in 9/24 nights. Our algorithm could improve safety unobtrusively by automated real‐time detection of CS in video registrations, with an acceptable latency and FDR. The algorithm can also detect some other motor seizures requiring assistance.
Size‐selective fishing and the potential for fisheries‐induced evolution in lake whitefish
Authors: Morbey Yolanda E. , Mema Marin
Published: April 2018

The long‐term evolutionary effects of fishing on maturation schedules can depend on gear type, the shape of the gear type's size‐selectivity function, and the size and age structure of a population. Our goal was to better understand how environmentally induced differences in somatic growth influence the evolutionary effects of size‐selective fisheries, using lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in Lake Huron as a case study. Using a state‐dependent optimization model of energy allocation parameterized for lake whitefish, we show that fishing with gill nets (bell‐shaped selectivity) and trap nets (sigmoid‐shaped selectivity) can be potent agents of selection on size thresholds for maturity. Compared to trap nets and large mesh (114 mm) gill nets, small mesh (89 mm) gill nets are better able to buffer populations from fishing‐induced evolution by safeguarding large, fecund fish, but only when overall fishing mortality is low and growth rates sufficiently fast such that fish can outgrow vulnerable size classes. Regardless of gear type, and all else being equal, high fishing mortality in combination with low growth rates is expected to intensify the long‐term evolutionary effects of fishing.
Shear mouth secondary to temporohyoid osteoarthropathy
Authors: Grant M. J. , Barnett T. P.
Published: April 2018

Temporohyoid osteoarthropathy (THO) is a progressive disease of unknown aetiology that can result in pain during normal movement of the tongue and larynx during mastication and deglutition. Shear mouth is a rare, poorly described condition, which may be associated with painful dental disease. This report describes a case of shear mouth attributable toTHO. TheTHOwas surgically treated by undertaking a left‐sided ceratohyoidectomy (CHO) and the shear mouth resolved over the course of 18 months.
An investigation on the effects of equal channel angular pressing on the mixed‐mode fracture toughness and mechanical properties of 6063 aluminium alloy
Authors: Seifi R. , Kazemi M.A.
Published: April 2018

In this study, effects of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) on the mixed‐mode fracture toughness of Al‐6063 were investigated. The ECAP process continued up to 5 passes without failure. Grain refinement was obvious after 5 passes of the ECAP process. The average grain size reduced from 45μm to less than 1μm, and textural studies shows aligning the grains in known directions. After 4 passes, yield and ultimate strengths increase respectively from 100 and 209 MPa to 300 and 375 MPa and reduction in elongation was also observed. The microhardness improved after the process. The fracture toughness for different orientations was measured. For pure mode I (opening mode), its value decreased after the first pass from 18.4 to 15.71 
; however, it increased to about 18.8 
after the fifth pass. For mixed‐mode loading condition, different orientations were investigated. The results revealed different fracture toughness reductions after the first passes of the process for specimens with different orientations. The fracture surfaces were studied by using scanning electron microscope, and refined equiaxed dimples were observed after the ECAP process.
Habitat analysis of the commercial tuna of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean
Authors: Hu Chen , Harrison Daniel P. , Hinton Michael G. , Siegrist Zachary C. , Kiefer Dale A.
Published: April 2018

We have extracted information on the habitats of bigeye (Thunnus obesus), skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) and yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean by matching the spatial‐temporal distribution of catch and effort of purse seine and longline fleets collected by the Inter‐American Tropical Tuna Commission with oceanographic conditions and subjecting the matched data to Quotient Analysis and General Additive Models (GAMs). These analyses yielded the following results. The habitats defined by the GAM analysis of young fish differ significantly between two periods, one before and one after the introduction of fish aggregation devices (FADs). This was not true for the older fish caught by longline. We speculate that these changes were caused by the extensive use of FADs. Younger bigeye and yellowfin caught by the purse seine fleet have a different preference of environmental variables compared to older fish caught by longline. This is to be expected since tuna of different age groups have different sizes, metabolic capabilities and swimming skills. Moreover, as revealed by GAMs, the habitats of young fish differ between species to a much larger degree than those of older fish. Our results indicate the fundamental differences between fishing methods, targeted species, and operating region of the two fisheries. Specifically, young bigeye occupy equatorial waters farther from the coast and where the hypoxic layer is deeper, young skipjack occupy more productive waters associated with equatorial and coastal upwelling, and young yellowfin occupy broad areas where waters are underlain by a shallow hypoxic layer.
Dynamics of global institutional collaboration in insect taxonomy reveal imbalance of taxonomic effort
Authors: Deng Jun , Wang Xu , Zeng Lingda , Zou Xuting , Huang Xiaolei
Published: April 2018

Institutional collaboration promotes development and technical advances in science. A social network analysis is often used to assess the evolutionary dynamics of institutional collaboration in many fields. However, there has been no social network analysis of the insect taxonomy field based on bibliometric data.

To explore the evolutionary pattern of institutional collaboration in this field, a total of 21 095 articles were collected from the Web of Science between 1997 and 2016. According to author affiliations data, we found increasingly closer collaboration has occurred in this network over time. Due to economic development, social attention, and policies supporting science and research, developing countries such as China and Brazil have shown a strong upward tendency towards collaboration since 2001.

However, the development of institutional collaboration reveals imbalance of taxonomic effort and requires careful attention to certain aspects. Several countries have published numerous research articles, whereas most countries have published a small number of papers. Most institutions have tended to collaborate with institutions from same country, neighbouring countries or continent. Some institutions in developing countries (e.g. China) have numerous collaborators, however these institutions only played a modest role in introducing new collaboration between their collaborators. More work needs be done to improve intermediary ability and to reduce the influence of geographical distance.

This study offered a vision for understanding the evolutionary dynamics of institutional collaboration in the insect taxonomy field, and it also suggested further enhancement of institutional collaboration in some weak aspects.
Nonvolatile taste components, nutritional values, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of three wild Chanterelle mushrooms
Authors: Li Xiao , Guo Yan , Zhuang Yongliang , Qin Yuyue , Sun Liping
Published: April 2018

The chemical compositions, nonvolatile taste components and nutritional compounds of three wild edible Chanterelle mushrooms (C. cibarius Fr (CcF), C. cinnabarinus schwein (CcS) and C. tubaeformis Fr (CtF)) were evaluated. Results showed Chanterelle mushrooms were good sources of proteins and carbohydrates with low energy. CcS was rich in trehalose in free sugars and glucose in soluble sugars. Monosodium glutamate‐like free amino acids and flavour 5′‐nucleotides indicated Chanterelle mushrooms had good taste. Based on their amino acids compositions and nutrition evaluations, CcF, CcS and CtF were significant sources of amino acids and protein. CtF showed better protein quality than CcF and CcS. Stearic and oleic acids showed high contents in three mushrooms, and higher unsaturated fatty acids were found in CcF. Three mushrooms had high contents of K, Ca and Mg, and low content of Na. Organic acid and phenolic acids of three mushrooms were identified, and antioxidant activities were evaluated.
A feasibility study on using tablet personal computers for self‐reported symptom assessment in newly diagnosed lung cancer patients
Authors: Tang Fiona W.K. , Chan Carmen W.H. , Choy Yin‐Ping , Loong Herbert H.F. , Chow Ka Ming , So Winnie K.W.
Published: April 2018

Aim

The study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an innovative tablet‐assisted self‐reported symptom assessment among newly diagnosed lung cancer patients.

Background

Routine symptom assessment for lung cancer patients in a fast‐paced clinical environment is demanding. Mobile health technology offers a potential platform for symptom assessment and paves the way for tailored self‐care intervention.

Design

A feasibility study using a mixed method design.

Method

A convenience sample of 10 newly diagnosed lung cancer patients used tablet personal computers to self‐report common symptoms: dyspnoea, fatigue, pain, and anxiety. A nurse reviewed the assessment results and provided tailored educational interventions. Acceptability was evaluated by the Electronic Self‐Report Assessment‐Cancer. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted to explore the patients' perceptions of this symptom assessment method. Data were collected from January to March 2016.

Results

An Electronic Self‐Report Assessment‐Cancer mean score of 23.5 (SD 2.7) showed moderate acceptance of the assessment method. Participants found this approach user‐friendly and helpful in identifying their symptoms and they gained awareness and better understanding of them.

Conclusion

Tablet‐assisted symptom assessment is a feasible method that can be further tested in busy clinical settings to assess symptom burden and identify individual needs for tailoring symptom management plans.
The changing face of hematopoiesis: a spectrum of options is available to stem cells
Authors: Brown Geoffrey , Tsapogas Panagiotis , Ceredig Rhodri
Published: April 2018

For more than 30 years, the scheme whereby bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells give rise to the many different types of blood and immune cells has been represented as a lineage tree diagram. In this model, hematopoietic stem cells follow a preferred route to each of the end‐cell types and gradually restrict their other lineage options via a series of intermediate oligo‐potent progenitors. Recent findings of lineage biases or affiliations within hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that are either pluripotent or uni‐potent show that a continuum of fate options is open to hematopoietic stem cells. These results support the view that in order to close down developmental options, hematopoietic stem cells can make an immediate lineage choice rather than become gradually committed as they progress step‐wise through a series of intermediate progenitors. In this scenario, there is inherent versatility in that developing cells are still able to move sideways to adopt an alternative lineage fate. Here, we examine the information that is leading toward this very different viewpoint of blood cell development.
Improving piezoelectric properties and temperature stability for KNN‐based ceramics sintered in a reducing atmosphere
Authors: Cen Zhenyong , Zhen Yichao , Feng Wei , Zhao Peiyao , Chen Lingling , Zhu Chaoqiong , Wang Xiaohui , Li Longtu
Published: April 2018

Lead‐free 0.955K0.5Na0.5Nb1‐zTazO3‐0.045Bi0.5Na0.5ZrO3+0.4%MnO ceramics (abbreviated as KNNTaz‐0.045BNZ+0.4Mn) were prepared by a conventional solid‐state sintering method in a reducing atmosphere (oxygen partial pressure of 1 × 10−10 atm). All ceramics with a pure perovskite structure show the two‐phase coexistence zone composed of rhombohedral and tetragonal phase. Ta5+ ions substitute for Nb5+ ions on the B‐site, which results in a decrease in the R phase fraction in the two‐phase coexistence zone. The R‐T phase transition temperature moves to room temperature due to the substitution of Nb5+ ions by Ta5+ ions. A complex domain structure composed of small nano‐domains (~70 nm) formed inside large submicron domains (~200 nm) exists in KNNTa0.02‐0.045BNZ+0.4Mn ceramics, which can induce a strong dielectric‐diffused behavior and improve the piezoelectric properties. The temperature stability for the reverse piezoelectric constant for the KNNTaz‐0.045BNZ+0.4Mn ceramics can be improved at z = 0.02. Excellent piezoelectric properties (d33 = 328 pC/N, and  = 475 pm/V at Emax = 20 kV/cm) were obtained for the KNNTa0.02‐0.045BNZ+0.4Mn ceramics.
Performance of the newly identified endoparasitoid Cotesia icipe Fernandez‐Triana & Fiaboe on Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval)
Authors: Agbodzavu M. K. , Lagat Z. O. , Gikungu M. , Rwomushana I. , Ekesi S. , Fiaboe K. K. M.
Published: April 2018

Cotesia icipe Fernandez‐Triana & Fiaboe is a solitary koinobiont larval endoparasitoid, recently discovered in Kenya and new to science, that parasitizes select lepidopteran herbivores of amaranth. We investigated its host range on five commonly encountered amaranth lepidopteran defoliators. Cotesia icipe accepted, successfully and aggressively parasitized the amaranth noctuid defoliators Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) and Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), but failed to parasitize Herpetogramma bipunctalis (F.), Spoladea recurvalis (F.) and Udea ferrugalis (Hübner) all in Crambidae family. On S. littoralis, C. icipe was highly efficient, with 95% of females successfully ovipositing during 2 hr of exposure. Parasitism rate and larval and pupal non‐reproductive mortalities were significantly higher at higher parasitoid density. A single female of C. icipe parasitized 42.99 ± 2.66% of the 50 exposed larvae for oviposition in 24 hr, whereas a cohort of five females of C. icipe conferred 85.59 ± 1.46% parasitism rate. The efficiency ratio per female was much higher in single releases than in cohort releases while a balanced sex ratio was obtained in F1 offspring regardless of the density of female released. The potential use of C. icipe for conservation and augmentative biological control of S. littoralis in amaranth as well as its potential use against other Noctuid moths and in other commodities is discussed.
Longitudinal Relationship Between Hearing Aid Use and Cognitive Function in Older Americans
Authors: Maharani Asri , Dawes Piers , Nazroo James , Tampubolon Gindo , Pendleton Neil ,   on behalf of the SENSE‐Cog WP1 group
Published: April 2018

Objectives

To test whether hearing aid use alters cognitive trajectories in older adults.

Design

US population‐based longitudinal cohort study

Setting

Data were drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), which measured cognitive performance repeatedly every 2 years over 18 years (1996–2014).

Participants

Adults aged 50 and older who who took part in a minimum of 3 waves of the HRS and used hearing aids for the first time between Waves 4 and 11 (N=2,040).

Measurements

Cognitive outcomes were based on episodic memory scores determined according to the sum of immediate and delayed recall of 10 words.

Results

Hearing aid use was positively associated with episodic memory scores (β=1.53, p<.001). Decline in episodic memory scores was slower after (β=–0.02, p<.001) than before using hearing aids (β=–0.1, p<.001). These results were robust to adjustment for multiple confounders and to attrition, as accounted for using a joint model.

Conclusions

Hearing aids may have a mitigating effect on trajectories of cognitive decline in later life. Providing hearing aids or other rehabilitative services for hearing impairment much earlier in the course of hearing impairment may stem the worldwide rise of dementia.
Smallholders' demand for and access to private‐sector extension services: A case study of contracted cotton producers in northern Tanzania
Authors: Jensen Peter Fredslund , Prowse Martin , Larsen Marianne Nylandsted
Published: April 2018

This paper examines demand for and access to private‐sector extension services by contracted cotton producers in northern Tanzania. Data from a non‐random survey of 520 smallholders show that only 21.9% received any extension and only 4.6% received extension from the cotton ginnery. Wealthier households were three times more likely to receive extension from any provider. While the public sector remains the main source of extension and is prioritized by smallholders, almost all households demanded extension from firms and are willing to invest 3 days per month mainly for advice on cotton and maize production. The involvement of third parties in the supply of extension from ginneries could not only meet smallholders' demands but could increase cotton supply and repayment rates to the firm, and thus finance the provision of missing extension advice.