bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cosmic ray feedback from supernovae in dwarf galaxies
Authors: Dashyan Gohar , Dubois Yohan
Published: April 2020

The regulation of the baryonic content in dwarf galaxies is a long-standing problem. Supernovae (SNe) are supposed to play a key role in forming large-scale galactic winds by removing important amounts of gas from galaxies. SNe are efficient accelerators of non-thermal particles, so-called cosmic rays (CRs), which can substantially modify the dynamics of the gas and conditions to form large-scale galactic winds. We investigate how CR injection by SNe impacts the star formation and the formation of large-scale winds in dwarf galaxies, and whether it can produce galaxy star-formation rates (SFR) and wind properties closer to observations. We ran CR magneto-hydrodynamical simulations of dwarf galaxies at high resolution (9 pc) with the adaptive mesh refinement codeRAMSES. Those disc galaxies are embedded in isolated halos of mass of 1010and 1011 M⊙, and CRs are injected by SNe. We included CR isotropic and anisotropic diffusion with various diffusion coefficients, CR radiative losses, and CR streaming. The injection of CR energy into the interstellar medium smooths out the highest gas densities, which reduces the SFR by a factor of 2–3. Mass outflow rates are significantly greater with CR diffusion, by 2 orders of magnitudes for the higher diffusion coefficients. Without diffusion and streaming, CRs are inefficient at generating winds. CR streaming alone allows for the formation of winds but which are too weak to match observations. The formation of galactic winds strongly depends on the diffusion coefficient: for low coefficients, CR energy stays confined in high density regions where CR energy losses are highest, and higher coefficients, which allow for a more efficient leaking of CRs out of dense gas, produce stronger winds. CR diffusion leads to colder and denser winds than without CRs, and brings outflow rates and mass loading factors much closer to observations.
Synopsis of rare fossil animal spermatozoa in amber and sedimentary deposits
Authors: Breton Gérard , Poinar George
Published: April 2020

Fossil spermatozoa are extremely rare. Among the eight cases reported here, including two cases of spermatophores without visible sperm cells, six are fossils preserved in amber. All six concern animals with indirect sperm transfer by means of spermatophores or spermatodesmids. Preservation of subcellular organelles shows once again that amber is an extraordinary preservation medium.
Activation of peroxymonosulfate by natural molybdenite for the degradation of atrazine
Authors: Lai Leiduo , Lai Bo
Published: April 2020

In this work, molybdenite was used as a catalyst to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for atrazine (ATZ) degradation. First, the effects of molybdenite dosage (0.05-0.30 g/L), PMS dosage (0.02-0.15 mM) and the initial pH (3.0-11.0) in the aqueous solution on the ATZ degradation were investigated in the molybdenite/PMS system. The maximum degradation efficiency of ATZ (95.0%) after 10 min treatment was obtained at the molybdenite dosage of 0.2 g/L, PMS dosage of 0.08 mM and initial pH of 6.4. The control experiments suggested that molybdenite, which activate PMS had better performance than commercial molybdenum disulfide. It was found that the degradation efficiency of ATZ under the optimal parameters was only 41.2% in the commercial molybdenum disulfide/PMS system. The free radicals in the molybdenite/PMS system were studied by quenching experiment. The results showed that both SO4• and HO• were existed in the molybdenite/PMS system. In general, this study provided a natural catalyst for PMS activation and would urge us re-evaluate the capacity of natural materials as catalysts.
Evaluation of four different coagulants used for chemical dephosphorization of membrane bioreactor effluent
Authors: Cai Qin , Li Hui-qiang , Yang Ping
Published: April 2020

A continuous flow chemical reactor was constructed to study the dephosphorization effect on the effluent of the oxygen-limited internal-loop fluidized membrane bioreactor (IF-MBR) for domestic sewage treatment. Removal effect of total phosphorus (TP) by four coagulants of AlCl3, FeCl3, polyaluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) and polyaluminium chloride (PAC) was evaluated. Results showed that when the ratio of coagulants to TP was 5 (coagulants in terms of Fe and Al), the removal efficiency of TP by FeCl3 was 92.5% and the addition of FeCl3 resulted in an increase in the chromaticity of the effluent. PAC and PAFC had good removal of TP, and the removal percentage achieved 96.2 and 97.4, respectively. However, the flocs they produced were small and light, and the performance in settlement was poor. AlCl3 performed well as a phosphorus removal agent, the removal rate of TP reached 97.4%, and the flocs were large and dense. Based on this, AlCl3 was the best choice for IF-MBR and then the experiment further optimized the Al/P ratio. Results showed that when the Al/P ratio was above 1:1, the effluent TP concentration was lower than 1mg/L; when the ratio was higher than 2.5:1, the effluent TP was lower than 0.5mg/L.
Vulnerable areas determination based on seismic response at Chile center region
Authors: das Dores de Jesus da Silva Luciana , Ivan Aguayo Arias Mauricio , Nunes Muniz Barreto Priscila
Published: April 2020

Chile is one of most seismic countries in the world. In the past 100 years, more than 8 major seismic events occurred in Chile, with the coastal area of central Chile being one of the most affected Since 2007, nearly 2,306 earthquakes were recorded in this area with magnitudes varying between 1.9 and 6.9 in the Ritcher and Mercalli scales. The earthquakes’ impact on the engineering structures depends on several factors, such as: the depth of the wave, wave type, geomorphological aspects of the rock, and soil properties. Chile central region of is a very important economics area, but at the same time, very vulnerable. The cities existing on this area, are installed in coastal plains, limited by Coastal Mountains and Pacific Ocean. Most of the seismic activity episodes recorded by Nacional Seismological center (CSN) is on the ocean. The present research aims to identify the regions vulnerable to significant seismic activities based on the average shear wave velocity on the upper 30m (Vs30) and using Geographic Information Systems. The Vs30 values were measured by the United Stated Geological Service (USGS). This analysis is based on the topography, geological units classified by Chilean norms NCh433, NCh2369, and law decree 61/ 2011. The analysis indicated that last epicenter city, Cobquecura, is the low vulnerable area, considering high Vs30 values and low number of habitants. Cities as Concepción, Talcachuano, San Pedro de la Paz, Coronel y Hualpén are more vulnerable because low Vs30 values, and high population. This factor can be associated to river mouths and floodplains presents in this area.
Indoor environmental quality evaluation in a hot and arid climate: a case study of a higher education office building
Authors: Abdou Yasmin , Ki Kim Young , Bande Lindita
Published: April 2020

Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ) refers to the overall environmental quality within a building, especially as it relates to the health and comfort of the building’s occupants. It includes several factors such as lighting levels and indoor air quality (IAQ). As humans spend a significant amount of time indoors; particularly at the workplace for up to 12 hours a day, the IEQ of the office greatly affects one’s overall well-being, health with striking effects on productivity. As for IAQ, in severe cases, high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), particulate matter (PM), and humidity may cause headache, allergy, and asthma. A higher education (HE) office building located in United Arab Emirates University (UAEU) campus has been taken as a case study. Situated in the UAE, this is characterized by an extremely hot-arid climate. The HE building has been monitored using a set of advanced sensor devices to record indoor environmental data such as the measurements of temperature, relative humidity, lux level, particulate matter 2.5/10(PM 2.5/ 10), carbon dioxide (CO2), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs). Results of this paper aim to use the onsite numerical assessment and future POE assessment to verify the building’s performance and discover where the operational gaps are. Better facility management strategies will be suggested to enhance the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) as well as more findings will be discussed in this paper.
The influence of climatic conditions on the efficiency of the solar system
Authors: Shemelin Viacheslav , Matuska Tomas
Published: April 2020

The simulation analysis of the solar hot water preparation system for an apartment building is presented. The analyses investigated the effect of climatic conditions on the efficiency of the solar system. To demonstrate the influence of climatic conditions, four building locations (Stockholm, Prague, Milan, and Barcelona), six different solar collectors, and six different design areas of solar collector field were used. The aim was to verify how the efficiency of the solar system varies depending on the climatic and design conditions. Moreover, the influence of year-to-year fluctuations of climatic conditions was also explored. The analysis has been provided by using TRNSYS simulation software over the period of one year using the time step of 2 minutes. The simulation results clearly showed that the efficiency of the SDHW system is dependent on the climatic conditions, especially on the air temperature. On the other hand, year-to-year weather fluctuations do not strongly affect the efficiency of the SDHW system.
Turning trash into an asset: a case study of prince sultan university campus waste
Authors: Hussain Khahro Shabir , Hussain Ali Tauha , Ahmed Memon Zubair , Ali Panhwar Amjad , Haribat Anas
Published: April 2020

Concrete is one of the key material used in the construction industry. Concrete is used as a compressive material and it is also reinforced by rebar’s to improve its tensile strength. Due to rapid urbanization concrete use is getting huge demand and it became a major business industry. Whereas, it also utilizes natural resources to the same hasty level. Therefore, this paper utilizes waste tissues of a university as an aggregate replacer. The different test was performed in a green and hardened state. It is observed that the new concrete is good in workability and it has normal temperature but it is not good at resisting higher compressive loads. Similarly, the waste material collected after the tests and utilized in making a commercial product. This paper aims to save the environment by utilizing different types of waste in making useful items to save resources.
Traitement chirurgical des troubles respiratoires obstructifs du sommeil de l’enfant et de l’adolescent
Authors: Briffod Julien
Published: April 2020

Introduction : L’adénoïdo-amygdalectomie est le traitement
chirurgical de référence des troubles respiratoires obstructifs du sommeil
(TROS) modérés et sévères de l’enfant, liés le plus souvent à une hypertrophie
des amygdales et des végétations entre deux et six ans. Récemment s’est développée
la chirurgie partielle subotale intracapsulaire afin de diminuer les risques
liés à l’intervention, notamment hémorragique, qui peut être exceptionnellement
létale. Matériels et méthodes : En cas d’apnées, de faible qualité de vie (troubles
du sommeil, fatigue diurne), de troubles de l’apprentissage ou d’un retentissement
sur la croissance, l’adénoïdo-amygdalectomie est recommandée. La prise
en charge des TROS légers continue d’être discutée. Le ronflement isolé n’est
pas une indication de l’amygdalectomie. Les options thérapeutiques des TROS
légers incluent une surveillance, des anti-inflammatoires locaux et parfois l’adénoïdo-
amygdalectomie. La décision opératoire doit être discutée entre le patient,
le pédiatre et le chirurgien, en fonction des risques et bénéfices des différents
traitements. Résultats : L’efficacité de cette chirurgie est de plus de 75 %. Surtout
en cas d’obésité, une surveillance rapprochée post-chirurgicale est nécessaire.
L’hémorragie primaire et secondaire, ainsi que la douleur postopératoire sont
nettement diminuées en cas de chirurgie partielle des amygdales. Discussion : La chirurgie partielle, subtotale permet de diminuer la fréquence de l’hémorragie
et d’éviter le risque de décès lié à un saignement. L’efficacité de la chirurgie
subtotale semble identique à celle de la chirurgie totale et suggère d’étendre son
indication dans les troubles respiratoires obstructifs du sommeil de l’enfant. Dans
les cas d’échecs, une chirurgie nasale, vélaire, linguale ou maxillo-mandibulaire
peut-être proposée.
Troubles respiratoires obstructifs du sommeil chez l’enfant et l’adolescent : diagnostic, conséquences et comorbidités
Authors: Coutier Laurianne , Franco Patricia
Published: April 2020

Introduction : Chez l’enfant, le syndrome d’apnées obstructives du
sommeil (SAOS) constitue un trouble du sommeil fréquent dont la prévalence est
d’environ 3 % entre trois et huit ans. Matériels et méthodes : Son origine est multifactorielle
(hypertrophie de tissus mous pharyngés, étroitesse des voies aérifères
osseuses, atteinte du tonus neuromusculaire). Les symptômes et les signes cliniques
diurnes et nocturnes à rechercher sont directement en rapport avec l’obstruction des
voies aérifères supérieures (VAS) ou avec la mauvaise qualité de sommeil. Après
une évaluation anamnestique et clinique complètes, incluant une nasofibroscopie, le
spécialiste ORL s’orientera vers une adéno-amygdalectomie ou vers un enregistrement
nocturne par polysomnographie ou polygraphie pour confirmer le diagnostic
chez l’enfant. Chez l’adolescent, la prévalence du SAOS serait entre 0,5 et 6 %.
Les facteurs de risque principaux sont l’obésité, le sexe masculin et les antécédents
d’amygdalo-adénoïdectomie. Outre les symptômes classiques du SAOS de l’enfant,
ce syndrome peut, chez l’adolescent, se manifester par une sémiologie trompeuse
à type de dyssomnie, somnolence diurne excessive et/ou troubles de l’humeur. Les
diagnostics différentiels à type de conduites à risque, retard de phase ou narcolepsie
doivent être systématiquement évoqués. L’enregistrement de la respiration pendant
le sommeil s’impose. Même si l’index d’apnées/hypopnées obstructives est faible, il
doit être considéré. Conclusion : Chez l’enfant comme chez l’adolescent, la prise
en charge multidisciplinaire (ORL, orthodontiste, kinésithérapeute maxillo-facial,
pneumologue) doit être précoce afin d’éviter les complications neurocognitives,
comportementales, cardiovasculaires et métaboliques. Une chirurgie maxillo-faciale
pourra être discutée à partir de l’âge de 15 ans. Il ne faudra pas oublier de veiller
aux règles d’hygiène de vie et de sommeil ainsi qu’à la prise en charge de l’obésité.
Troubles respiratoires obstructifs du sommeil et orthodontie :primum non nocere
Authors: AMAT Philippe
Published: April 2020

Introduction :Le syndrome d’apnées obstructives du sommeil (SAOS) est une affection très répandue et insuffisamment diagnostiquée, ce qui en fait un problème majeur de santé publique et de sécurité.Objectifs :Cet article avait pour objectif de préciser quelques éléments fondés de la prise de décision thérapeutique et de l’information délivrée au patient et à sa famille sur le rapport bénéfice-coût-sécurité de plusieurs de ses options thérapeutiques.Matériels et méthodes :Les données publiées sur l’efficacité des orthèses et des dispositifs orthopédiques fonctionnels dans le traitement de l’apnée obstructive du sommeil chez l’enfant, sur la pérennité de leurs effets, sur les possibilités thérapeutiques de l’expansion maxillaire ou bimaxillaire, et sur les interrelations entre extractions de dents permanentes et troubles respiratoires obstructifs du sommeil, ont été recherchées et analysées.Résultats :D’après les données probantes disponibles, chez les patients en croissance et en malocclusion de classe II, un traitement par dispositif orthopédique fonctionnel peut augmenter le volume des voies oropharyngées et permettre ainsi d’espérer réduire le risque d’apparition d’un SAOS. Une amélioration de l’indice d’apnées-hypopnées et de la plus faible saturation en oxygène, a été observée chez les enfants traités par expansion maxillaire rapide. Les extractions de dents permanentes prescrites pour le traitement d’une dysharmonie dents-arcades chez un patient d’âge orthodontique n’entrainent aucun changement significatif des voies aérifères supérieures.Conclusions :Le rôle de dépistage et de prise en charge des troubles respiratoires obstructifs du sommeil (TROS) assuré par l’orthodontiste au sein de l’équipe pluridisciplinaire est essentiel. En associant son expérience clinique aux données publiées sur les diverses approches thérapeutiques, l’orthodontiste aide son patient à bénéficier de soins mieux adaptés et au résultat davantage pérenne, tout en tenant compte de ses préférences.
Development of Ophthalmic Microsurgery Training in Augmented Reality
Authors: Menozzi Marino , Ropelat Sandro , Köfler Jana , Huang Ying-Yin
Published: April 2020

Background Using a group of 23 physician trainees, we investigated whether microsurgery training in an augmented reality (AR) training simulator improves motor skills and whether an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) improves training efficiency.

Methods Characteristic motor skill steps involved in the peeling of an internal limiting membrane (ILM) were identified and implemented in the AR simulation. For training, implemented steps were either presented in the natural sequence, as in a real ILM surgery, or administered according to the ITS. Participants underwent the training over 5 days for 10 minutes per day. A subgroup of 11 participants performed the 5 microsurgical steps in a natural sequence. The other 12 participants used the ITS method. Motor skill performance was recorded before and after each training session with the AR simulator, and before the first and after the last training session using a method that did not rely on AR.

Results Five steps of the ILM peeling procedure were identified and implemented: insertion of the instrument, flap creation, clockwise peeling, counterclockwise peeling, and retraction of the instrument. Both training methods significantly improved the motor skills of the participants. In both methods, steep learning progress was found within the first three training sessions. In both methods, motor skills continued to improve on days 4 and 5, but at a slower rate. After the 5 training days, performance was significantly improved, but improvement did not depend significantly on the training method. However, within the first 3 days of training, ITS led to steeper training progress than the natural sequence method.

Conclusion It is possible to improve microsurgical motor skills using the implemented AR simulation. Some technical limitations, such as system lag, deserve further improvements. However, the proposed AR solution was highly appreciated by the participants and could help overcome constraints of practice in microsurgical training, such as limited availability of training opportunities or a standardized assessment of motor skill performance.
Developments in Primary Aldosteronism Subtyping Using Steroid
Profiling
Authors: Wannachalee Taweesak , Turcu Adina F.
Published: April 2020

Adrenal venous sampling is the standard of care for identifying patients with
unilateral primary aldosteronism, which is often caused by an aldosterone
producing adenoma and can be cured with surgery. The numerous limitations of
adrenal venous sampling, including its high cost, scarce availability, technical
challenges, and lack of standardized protocols, have driven efforts to develop
alternative, non-invasive tools for the diagnosis of aldosterone producing
adenomas. Seminal discoveries regarding the pathogenesis of aldosterone
producing adenomas made over the past decade have leveraged hypotheses-driven
research of steroid phenotypes characteristic of various aldosterone producing
adenomas. In parallel, the expanding availability of mass spectrometry has
enabled the simultaneous quantitation of many steroids in single assays from
small volume biosamples. Steroid profiling has contributed to our evolving
understanding about the pathophysiology of primary aldosteronism and its
subtypes. Herein, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the
application of multi-steroid panels in assisting with primary aldosteronism
subtyping.
Multimodale rheumatologische Komplexbehandlung – Von der
Konzeption erfolgreich in die Klinikrealität?
Authors: Tarner Ingo H. , Lange Uwe , Klemm Philipp , Hudowenz Ole , Asendorf Thomas , Dischereit Gabriel , Müller-Ladner Ulf
Published: April 2020

Hintergrund Die 2005 konzipierte multimodale rheumatologische
Komplexbehandlung (MRKB) ist ein akutstationäres Versorgungskonzept (OPS
8–983) zur Behandlung akuter Funktionseinschränkungen und
Schmerzexazerbationen, die durch entzündlich-rheumatische, degenerative
und/oder weichteilrheumatische Erkrankungen bedingt sind. In der OPS
8–983 werden mittlerweile 10 000 Patienten jährlich in
Deutschland abgebildet.

Ziel Mittels einer monozentrischen Retrospektivanalyse wurde untersucht,
ob die MRKB, wie konzipiert, (i) sowohl Schmerzen und Funktionsstörungen
durch entzündliche Gelenk- und Wirbelsäulen-, degenerative und
weichteilrheumatische Erkrankungen reduziert, ob es (ii) Einflussfaktoren und
(iii) insgesamt ein vergleichbares Ansprechen der unterschiedlichen Erkrankungen
gibt. Gesondert wurde der Einfluss von Komorbiditäten, z. B.
sekundäre Osteoporose, untersucht.

Methodik Eingeschlossen wurden N=324 Behandlungsepisoden bei
n=249 Patienten, die in den Jahren 2014–2017 eine oder mehrere
MRKB erhielten. Das Patientenkollektiv umfasste Patienten mit
entzündlichen Gelenk- und Wirbelsäulenerkrankungen (EGW:
rheumatoide Arthritis, Spondylarthropathien), Osteoarthrose (OA) und
weichteilrheumatischen Erkrankungen (WRE: Kollagenosen, Fibromyalgie). Neben der
Evaluation der Wirkeffekte der MRKB auf Schmerzintensität,
Funktionalität und Krankheitsaktivität zwischen Aufnahme und
Entlassung wurden mögliche Einflussfaktoren sowie Unterschiede im
Behandlungsansprechen untersucht.

Ergebnisse Die MRKB erzielt bei Patienten mit EGW, OA und WRE
signifikante Behandlungseffekte bezüglich der Schmerzintensität,
der Funktionalität wie auch der Krankheitsaktivität. Dabei
unterliegen diese Effekte keinem Einfluss der untersuchten Einflussfaktoren.
Zudem scheint es keine signifikanten Gruppenunterschiede im Ansprechen zu geben.
Die untersuchten Komorbiditäten haben keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf
das Therapieansprechen.

Schlussfolgerung Wie konzeptioniert ist die MRKB eine wirkungsvolle
Behandlungsmethode bei akuten Funktionseinschränkungen und
Schmerzexazerbation, die durch das gesamte Erkrankungsspektrum des rheumatischen
Formenkreises bedingt sind. Die Behandlungserfolge sind dabei trotz der
Gegensätzlichkeit der Erkrankungen vergleichbar und scheinen keinen
Einflussfaktoren zu unterliegen.

Schlüsselwörter Multimodale rheumatologische
Komplexbehandlung, physikalische Therapie, Funktionalität, Evidenz,
Behandlungserfolg, Wirksamkeit
Gastrointestinal Ultrasound Can Predict Endoscopic Activity in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Sævik Fredrik , Gilja Odd Helge , Nylund Kim
Published: April 2020

Purpose To explore the ability of gastrointestinal ultrasound (GIUS) to separate patients in endoscopic remission from patients with active disease in a heterogeneous hospital cohort with Crohn’s disease (CD).

Materials and Methods 145 CD patients scheduled for ileocolonoscopy were prospectively included. The endoscopic disease activity was quantified using the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s disease (SES-CD), and mucosal healing was strictly defined as SES-CD = 0. Ultrasound remission was defined as wall thickness < 3 mm (< 4 mm in the rectum). Additionally, SES-CD was compared to color Doppler, Harvey Bradshaw’s index (HBI), C-reactive protein (CRP) and calprotectin. 23 patients were examined by two investigators for interobserver assessment.

Results 102 had active disease and 43 patients were in remission. GIUS yielded a sensitivity of 92.2 % and a specificity of 86 % for wall thickness and a sensitivity of 66.7 % and a specificity of 97.7 % for color Doppler. The sensitivity and specificity were 34.3 % and 88.4 %, respectively, for HBI, 35.7 % and 82.9 %, respectively, for CRP and 55.9 % and 82.1 %, respectively, for calprotectin. The interobserver analysis revealed excellent agreement for wall thickness (k = 0.90) and color Doppler (k = 0.91) measurements.

Conclusion GIUS has a high sensitivity for detecting endoscopic activity. Accordingly, bowel ultrasound has the potential to reduce the number of routine ileocolonoscopies in patients with CD.
A CORRELATIVE STUDY ON DETERMINANTS OF TIME DOMAIN MEASURES OF CARDIAC VAGAL FUNCTION IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS
Authors: K. Subbalakshmi N. , S. Jeganathan P. , N. Sathyanarayana Rao K.
Published: April 2020

Introduction: E: I ratio and r-MSSD are known indicators of cardiac vagal activity. But their determinants are unclear.

Objective: To evaluate the determinants of E: I ratio and r-MSSD in healthy subjects.

Materials and Methods: 141 healthy subjects were studied. In them body mass index (BMI), Q-T interval, heart rate (HR), systolic, diastolic, pulse and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) were measured. Age and sex of the subjects were noted. E: I ratio and r-MSSD was estimated from one minute lead II electrocardiogram in supine position. E: I ratio was recorded while breathing at 6 respiratory cycles per minute and r-MSSD was quantified during normal breathing. Data was analyzed by Pearson Correlation Coefficient and unpaired t test. p value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: There was positive correlation between E: I ratio and r-MSSD (p = 0.006). E: I ratio and r-MSSD were negatively correlating with age (p < 0.01). r-MSSD was negatively correlating with HR, systolic, diastolic, pulse and MABP (p = 0.0001, 0.01, 0.03, 0.04, 0.01 respectively). r-MSSD did not correlate with BMI and Q-T interval. E: I ratio did not correlate with blood pressure, BMI and Q-T interval. Mean E: I ratio and r-MSSD of males did not differ compared to females.

Conclusion: E: I ratio and r-MSSD are correlated. Age is an influencing factor of E: I ratio and r-MSSD. Blood pressure and HR are the other determinants of r-MSSD but not of E: I ratio in healthy subjects.
RELEVANCE OF MEASUREMENT OF HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN SUBJECTS WITH PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION
Authors: Monteiro Gearaldine , K. Subbalakshmi N. , Pai Sheila R.
Published: April 2020

Background: The pregnancy induced hypertensive (PIH) mothers are at greater risk for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and intrauterine death of foetus (IUD). But currently there are no suitable early indicators of PIH mothers at risk of IUGR and IUD.

Aims/objectives: To assess the various routinely measured hematological parameters in assessment of PIH mothers at risk of IUGR and IUD.

Methods: This was a retrospective study done in singleton mothers. Study Group: 75 subjects with PIH. They were divided in to: Group A (n=35): PIH subjects with IUGR and IUD. Group B (n=40): PIH subjects without IUGR and IUD. Controls: 62 normotensives. Blood parameters measured were: platelets, packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), differential leucocyte count. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA and Bonferroni test. P<0.05 was taken as significant.

Results: Among the measured blood parameters, platelet count was lower in group A and group B compared to control (p<0.0001). Platelets were also lower in group A compared to group B (p<0.0001). Hemoglobin and PCV were lower in group A compared to controls and group B (p<0.001). Monocytes and ESR were lower in group A and group B compared to controls (p<0.05, p<0.001 respectively). Neutrophils were lower in group A compared to control (p<0.05). Other pairwise comparisons did not differ significantly.

Conclusions: Platelet count may be a suitable marker in monitoring subjects with PIH at risk of IUGR and IUD. Anemia may be associated with IUD and IUGR in PIH patients.
AWARENESS OF RISK FACTORS OF DIABETES AND PRACTICES REGARDING ITS PREVENTION AMONG THE ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Ansari Salman , Samaga Shreyas , Rao Shrihari , Gowda Suraj , Mohammed Tariq , Atrolia Swathi , Kundapur Rashmi ,   Ravi
Published: April 2020

Introduction: India leads the world with largest number of diabetic subjects, and hence also termed as the Diabetic Capital of the world. Education is the cornerstone of diabetes prevention. Because of lack of awareness, most people suffer from diabetes at an early age. Before population-based interventions can be implemented, an assessment of knowledge and awareness of risk factors for Diabetes and practices to prevent it among adolescents is needed.

Aims & Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of risk factors of diabetes and the practices regarding its prevention among the adolescents

Materials and Method: The study was community based cross sectional type. A reviewed, self-prepared questionnaire consisting of questions based on the awareness of the risk factors and the practices regarding its prevention was prepared. Data was collected from 600 adolescents of age group 16-18years. Students from 4 pre-university colleges in Mangalore, Dakshina Kannada district, were selected as the study group.

Results: 433% were aware that smoking was a risk factor for diabetes. 48.33% of students said that consumption of sweets can lead to diabetes. 8.66% of students agreed that mental stress can lead to diabetes. Physical inactivity, as a risk factor for diabetes was known by 7.33% of them. Only 5.5% and 5.33% of students were aware that family history and obesity respectively, can lead to diabetes. 93.67% of the students have not had themselves tested for diabetes. 99.16% of subjects are non-smokers. 98.16% do not consume alcohol. 53.67% do not exercise regularly.
EFFECTIVENESS OF CHILD TO CHILD APPROACH TO HEALTH EDUCATION ON PREVENTION OF WORM INFESTATION AMONG CHILDREN OF SELECTED PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN MANGALORE
Authors: C. Leena K. , D'Souza Sr. Jacinta
Published: April 2020

Worm infestation a common childhood problem, which affects growth and development of children and has a close relationship with the socio demographic and ecological factors like poverty, illiteracy, poor personal and environmental hygiene. Through children the entire family may eventually get worms and suffer. Therefore interventions in this regard should be carried out aiming at children, to develop healthier habits through creating awareness through child friendly and innovative ways. Schools have the advantage of being a common platform providing systematic education for development of children. An evaluative study using quasi experimental research design was used to determine the effectiveness of traditional and child to child approach of health education among 100 primary school children selected through cluster sampling technique. Health education was provided to a group of children using traditional methods. To another group health education was provided through peers trained and motivated by the investigator to carry out peer interaction. The study found the mean difference in the knowledge scores of children significant in traditional health education group (t=5.61, p<0.05), child to child group (t=6.42, p<0.05). A significant difference in the post health education knowledge scores were observed (t=2.06, p<0.05). A significant association was found between pre health education knowledge scores and 2 education of parents(x =9.74, p<0.05). The study concludes that through proper training of peers and motivation the child to child approach to health education improves the knowledge level of children on common issues concerning children in an effective way.
TO STUDY THE PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF CHRONIC ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS
Authors: V. Dharma Rao , M. Rajaneesh Reddy , K. Srikanth , B. Raj Kumar Prakash , A. Satya Prasad , S. Guru Prasad S.
Published: April 2020

Objective: To determine the prevalence of chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) in a tertiary care center and to identify the clinical profile of chronic AF in hospitalized patients.

Methods: All patients admitted to Mamata General Hospital in medicine/cardiology wards with chronic AF (persistent and permanent) during the period January 2012 to December 2012 were included into the study. The principal exclusion criteria were new onset AF and acute AF.

Results: During the study period, 49 patients were admitted with chronic AF with an average of 45.44 years. A slight female dominance was seen with male: female ratio of 1:1.2. Half of the patients (51%) were below the age 50 years. The elderly age group comprised of only 16.3% of cases. The commonest presenting complaint was dyspnea followed by palpitation. Rheumatic valvular heart disease was seen more commonly in people below the age of 50 years whereas hypertension and ischemic heart disease after 50 years. Heart failure was the commonest condition associated with the chronic AF and was the cause of hospitalization in almost fifty percent of cases

Conclusion: Chronic AF is still a cause of concern in India in people below the age of 50 years due to high prevalence of rheumatic fever inspite of advances in the medical field.
CULTURAL PRACTICES AND BELIEFS ON NEWBORN CARE AMONG MOTHERS IN A SELECTED HOSPITAL OF MANGALORE TALUK
Authors: R. Sujatha ,   Reshma
Published: April 2020

Background: A human infant from the time of birth upto 28th day of life is called a newborn. Nearly 27 million babies are born in India each year. Every year 4 million babies die in the first month of life in the world and quarter of these takes place in India. A package of essential newborn practices exist in India which has proven impact on reducing mortality. However child birth and neonatal period are culturally important times during which there is strong adhere to traditional practices.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive research design was adopted for this study. Purposive sampling method was used to select 157 samples from a selected hospital. Demographic Performa and structured dichotomous questionnaire was used to collect the data from the subject.

Results: The data collected from 157 samples were analyzed using descriptive statistics. (149) 95% of the mothers have followed oil massage for the baby before bath. (83) 53% of the mothers have provided home remedies for the baby. (87) 55% of the mothers were applying ashes, soot, powder, or dry cow dung, (115) 73% mothers exposed their babies to the sunlight when the baby's skin turns yellowish. (129) 82% of the mothers are applied 'Kajal' on baby's face to prevent bad eye. (92) 59% of the mothers are practicing a belief that “empty cradle should not be moved”.

Interpretation and conclusion: Findings of the study revealed that there is a strong relationship between the demographic variables (type of family and religion) and cultural practices and beliefs on newborn care among mothers. Periodical health education regarding do's and don'ts of newborn care should be conducted in postnatal ward, which will definitely minimize the unhealthy traditional practices.
EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED ACTIVITY PROGRAMME ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION AMONG INMATES OF THE DESTITUTE HOME
Authors: G. Anjali K. , Nayak Asha K. , Andrade Maxie
Published: April 2020

Current trends in health care practice emphasis on cost effective consolidative approach of pharmacological and life style modification. This can help mentally challenged individual and destitute to obtain the optimum level of functioning. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of structured activity programme on cognitive function, self-esteem and behaviour among mentally ill destitute home inmates. Study was conceptualized based on Albert Bandura's Triadic reciprocity of determinism. An evaluative approach using pre-test post-test design was used for the study. The samples were selected based on the sampling criteria and a total of 50 samples were recruited for the study with the mean age of 41.98±13.13. Study findings revealed that structured activity programme was effective in improving the cognitive function of mentally ill destitute. This suggests structured activities can be used in institutionalized or hospital setting to improve the cognition of mentally ill clients.
TISSUE CONDITIONERS : A REVIEW
Authors: D. Anupama Prasad , Prasad B. Rajendra , Shetty Veena , Shastry C.S. , D. Krishna Prasad
Published: April 2020

This article is an attempt to review all the articles available in English language on tissue conditioner in theliterature through 1996-2012. A detailed search in the National Library of Medicine's PubMed database, Google search and Science Direct to include all studies and reviews published in English language. This paper tries to give an overview of the composition, properties and uses of tissue conditioning materials..
The Role of Knee Position in Blood Loss and Enhancement of Recovery after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Cao Le , Yang Haitao , Sun Kai , Wang Hanbang , Fan Haitao , Cheng Wendan
Published: April 2020

The study aimed to investigate the effects of postoperative position of knee on blood loss and functional recovery after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We enrolled patients who underwent TKA from 2017 to 2019 in our department with osteoarthritis of the knee in this prospective and randomized study. The patients were randomly allocated to flexion or extension group. In the flexion group, the affected leg was elevated by 30 degrees at the hip and the knee was flexed by 30-degree, postoperatively, while in the extension group, the affected knee was fully extended postoperatively. Patients' data related to postoperative blood loss, Hospital for Special Surgery scores, pain intensity, usage of analgesic drugs, circumference of knee, and range of motion (ROM) of knee were recorded to assess the influence of postoperative leg position on clinical outcomes. Although the transfusion rate was similar between the two groups (p > 0.05), other parameters related to blood loss (including total blood loss, hidden blood loss, usage of analgesic drugs, and postoperative circumference of knee) were significantly lower in the flexion group than those in the extension group (p < 0.05). After 6 weeks and 6 months of rehabilitation, patients gained a similar ROM in the affected knee in both groups (p > 0.05). The length of hospital stay and medical expenses were similar in both groups. Incidence of wound infection and other complications was also similar in both groups (p > 0.05). Elevation of the hip by knee flexion of 30 degrees is an effective and simple method to reduce blood loss after TKA, and contributes to reduction of the dosage of analgesic drugs in the early postoperative period. The routine application of the present protocol also did not increase medical costs and length of hospital stay after TKA.
Is there an Increased Risk for Unfavorable Obstetric Outcomes in Women with Endometriosis? An Evaluation of Evidences
Authors: Annicchino Giuliana , Malvezzi Helena , Piccinato Carla de Azevedo , Podgaec Sérgio
Published: April 2020

Objective The present study is a systematic review of the literature to assess whether the presence of endometriosis determines or contributes to adverse obstetric outcomes.

Data Sources The present work was carried out at the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, state of São Paulo, Brazil, in accordance to the PRISMA methodology for systematic reviews. A review of the literature was performed using PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The keywords used were: pregnancy outcome, pregnancy complications, obstetrical complications, obstetrics, obstetric outcomes and endometriosis. The survey was further completed by a manually executed review of cross-referenced articles, which was last performed on November 30, 2018.

Selection of studies The survey disclosed a total of 2,468 articles, published from May 1946 to October 2017. A total of 18 studies were selected to be further classified according to their quality and relevance.

Data Collection The Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used for classification. Five studies of greater impact and superior evidence quality and 13 studies of moderate evidence quality were selected. We analyzed the studies for the characteristics of their patients plus how endometriosis was diagnosed and their respective obstetric outcomes taking into account their statistical relevance.

Data Synthesis Analyses of the higher impact and better quality studies have shown high incidence of preterm birth and placenta previa in patients with endometriosis.

Conclusion Placenta previa and preterm birth are the most statistically significant outcomes related to endometriosis, as indicated by our systematic review. The present information is useful to alert obstetricians and patients about possible unfavorable obstetric outcomes.
Quality of Life for Women with Human Papillomavirus-induced Lesions
Authors: Pereira-Caldeira Natália Maria Vieira , Góes Fernanda Garcia Bezerra , Almeida-Cruz Maria Cristina Mendes de , Caliari Juliano de Souza , Pereira-Ávila Fernanda Maria Vieira , Gir Elucir
Published: April 2020

Objective To reveal the changes in the quality of life reported by women with Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced lesions.

Methods This is a cross-sectional, descriptive-exploratory study of a qualitative approach performed from June to August 2016. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews based on five questions on the concept of quality of life were used. The data were submitted to thematic analysis. All ethical aspects have been contemplated.

Results A total of 20 women aged between 25 and 59 years old were interviewed. From the analysis of the data, the following thematic units emerged: physical and emotional changes, especially complaints of pruritus, discharge and pain, worry, fear, shame and sadness; changes in sexual and affective relationships with decreased libido, dyspareunia and interruption of sexual activity; changes in social relationships resulting in absenteeism at work.

Conclusion Human papillomavirus infection impairs the quality of life of women as it significantly affects sexual, affective, physical, emotional, and everyday habits. Therefore, HPV infection can lead to exponential changes in the quality of life of women, which can be mitigated by the availability of sources of support such as family, friends and the multi-professional team, helping to improve knowledge and cope with HPV.
Frequency of Congenital Anomalies in the Brazilian Midwest and the Association with Maternal Risk Factors: Case-control Study
Authors: Moraes Carolina Leão de , Melo Natália Cruz e , Amaral Waldemar Naves do
Published: April 2020

Objective To evaluate the frequency of structural congenital anomalies (CAs) in the midwest of Brazil and its association with maternal risk factors.

Methods This was a prospective, observational, case-control study based on a hospital population. Pregnant women attended at a fetal medicine service in Brazil were analyzed in the period from October 2014 to February 2016.A total of 357 pregnant women were included, 223 of whom had fetuses with structural anomalies (group case), and 134 of whom had structurally normal fetuses (control group). The clinical history was made previous to prenatal consultation, and the diagnosis of the structural CA was performed through ultrasound.

Results A frequency of 64.27% (n = 223) of pregnant women with fetuses with structural anomalies was observed. The most frequent structural CAs were those of the central nervous system (30.94%), followed by anomalies of the genitourinary system (23.80%), and, finally, by multiple CAs (16.60%). The background of previous children with CAs (odds ratio [OR]: 3.85; p = 0.022), family history (OR: 6.03; p = < 0.001), and consanguinity between the progenitors (OR: 4.43; p = 0.034) influenced the occurrence of structural CA.

Conclusion The most frequent CAs are those of the central nervous system, followed by those of the genitourinary system, and then multiple anomalies. The maternal risk factors that may have influenced the occurrence of structural CA were previous children with CA, family history, and consanguinity among the parents.
Successful Treatment of Preterm Labor in Association with Acute COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Browne Paul C. , Linfert Jennifer B. , Perez-Jorge Emilio
Published: April 2020

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection occurring during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery. This case report describes successful treatment of preterm labor during acute COVID-19 infection. Standard treatment for preterm labor may allow patients with acute COVID-19 infection to recover without the need for preterm delivery.

Key Points
Specialized Pediatric Palliative Care in Neonates with Life-Limiting Illness: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zuniga-Villanueva Gregorio , Widger Kimberley , Medeiros Christina , Trenholm Madeline , Streuli Jürg C.
Published: April 2020

Objective The aim of this study is to assess the impact of specialized pediatric palliative care (PPC) on neonates with life-limiting conditions compared to standard care.

Study Design MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, and Embase databases were searched from January 2000 to September 2018. Randomized clinical trials, experimental or observational studies, and secondary administrative database analyses published in English, Spanish, French, and German were included. Two independent reviewers extracted data, and used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for quality analysis. Discrepancies were resolved as a team.

Results From the 37,788 records obtained, only eight articles met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis was not possible due to the heterogeneity in how the outcomes were defined; however, a qualitative synthesis of the results was possible; organizing outcomes into eight different categories: psychological, social and spiritual support; communication; location of care; symptom management; bereavement care; predicted versus actual neonatal outcomes; and parental coping, stress, and satisfaction.

Conclusion Specialized versus may have an impact on neonates with life-limiting conditions and their families. More studies that evaluate the impact of specialized versus in neonates with sound statistical analysis is warranted.