bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sulfur Redox Reactions at Working Interfaces in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: A Perspective
Authors: Yuan Hong , Peng Hong‐Jie , Huang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Qiang
Published: January 2019

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have been strongly considered as one of the most promising future energy storage systems because of ultrahigh theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh kg−1. The natural abundance, affordable cost, and environmental benignity of elemental sulfur constitute additional advantages. However, complicated reaction behaviors at working electrode/electrolyte interfaces that involve multiphase conversion and multistep ion/electron diffusion during sulfur redox reactions have impeded the thorough understanding of Li–S chemistry and its practical applications. This perspective article highlights the influence of the ion/electron transport and reaction regulation through electrocatalysis or redox mediation at electrode/electrolyte interfaces on various interfacial sulfur redox reactions (liquid–liquid–solid interconversion between soluble lithium polysulfide with different chain lengths and insoluble lithium sulfides in liquid‐electrolyte Li–S batteries and direct solid–solid conversion between sulfur and Li2S in all‐solid‐state Li–S batteries). The current status, existing challenges, and future directions are discussed and prospected, aiming at shedding fresh light on fundamental understanding of interfacial sulfur redox reactions and guiding the rational design of electrode/electrolyte interfaces for next‐generation Li–S batteries with high energy density and long cycle life.
Machines as Craftsmen: Localized Parameter Setting Optimization for Fused Filament Fabrication 3D Printing
Authors: Gardner John M. , Hunt Kevin A. , Ebel Austin B. , Rose Evan S. , Zylich Sean C. , Jensen Benjamin D. , Wise Kristopher E. , Siochi Emilie J. , Sauti Godfrey
Published: January 2019

Quality control and repeatability of 3D printing must be enhanced to fully unlock its utility beyond prototyping and noncritical applications. Machine learning is a potential solution to improving 3D printing performance and is explored for areas including flaw identification and property prediction. However, critical problems must be resolved before machine learning can truly enable 3D printing to reach its potential, including the very large data sets required for training and the inherently local nature of 3D printing where the optimum parameter settings vary throughout the part. This work outlines an end‐to‐end tool for integrating machine learning into the 3D printing process. The tool selects the ideal parameter settings at each location, taking into consideration factors such as geometry, hardware and material response times, and operator priorities. The tool demonstrates its usefulness by correcting for visual flaws common in fused filament fabrication parts. An image recognition neural network classifies local flaws in parts to create training data. A gradient boosting classifier then predicts the local flaws in future parts, based on location, geometry, and parameter settings. The tool selects optimum parameter settings based on the aforementioned factors. The resulting prints show increased quality over prints that use global parameters only.
Modeling of the pressure drop across polydisperse packed beds in cake filtration
Authors: Zhang Siying , McCarthy Joseph J.
Published: January 2019

Filtration is the separation of solid–liquid mixtures. In this study, we assess the predictive power of Kozeny–Carman model for systems operated at low Reynolds numbers and relatively high pressure drops. We find substantial agreement between the K‐C model and experiment only for systems that exhibit tight void size distribution. Dramatic disagreement is observed for particle beds that exhibit wide void size distributions. We propose a modified modeling approach, based on a bimodal void distribution, by introducing two quantities: the fraction of expanded voids and the ratio of void sizes. The simulation results are found to be much more similar to the experimental flow rates than those calculated using the K‐C model. The modified model is deemed reliable at predicting the flow behavior, provided that an accurate representation of the void size distribution is available.
Flow dynamic in a packed bed filled with Ni‐Al2O3 porous catalyst: Experimental and numerical approach
Authors: Pashchenko Dmitry
Published: January 2019

Numerical simulations and experiments have been carried out to explore the effect of particle shapes on the pressure drop and the loss factor in a packed fixed bed filled with a porous catalyst. The packed bed is presented by the Ni‐Al2O3 catalyst of the different shapes. The commercial program ANSYS Fluent is used for the analysis; more than 20 mln cells are used for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. The catalyst particles were set as a porous medium with the viscous resistance coefficients and the inertial resistance coefficients. The comparison of the pressure drops between the experimental and simulation results show a good correlation with the divergence of results <8%. To determine the effect of the porosity properties of the medium on the numerical results, two cases of CFD modeling were realized (with taking into account the porous medium properties and without it). The discrepancy between results increases with an increasing gas flow rate.
Occupational medicine clinical practice data reveal increased injury rates among Hispanic workers
Authors: Riester Scott M. , Leniek Karyn L. , Niece Ashley D. , Montoya‐Barthelemy Andre , Wilson William , Sellman Jonathan , Anderson Paul J. , Bannister Emily L. , Bovard Ralph S. , Kilbride Karis A. , Koos Kirsten M. , Kim Hyun , McKinney Zeke J. , Abrar Fozia A.
Published: January 2019

Background

Minnesota has an ethnically diverse labor force, with the largest number of refugees per capita in the United States. In recent years, Minnesota has been and continues to be a major site for immigrant and refugee resettlement in the United States, with a large population of both immigrant and native born Hmong, Hispanic, and East Africans. This study seeks to evaluate the injury risk among the evolving minority workforce in the Minnesota Twin Cities region.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study identifying work‐related injuries following pre‐employment examinations was performed using electronic health records from a large multi‐clinic occupational medicine practice. Preplacement examinations and subsequent work‐related injuries were pulled from the electronic health record using representative ICD‐10 codes for surveillance examinations and injuries. This study included patient records collected over a 2‐year period from January 1, 2015, through December, 2016. The patients in this cohort worked in a wide‐array of occupations including production, assembly, construction, law enforcement, among others.

Results

Hispanic minority workers were twice as likely to be injured at work compared with White workers. Hispanics were 2.89 times more likely to develop back injuries compared with non‐Hispanic workers, and 1.86 times more likely to develop upper extremity injuries involving the hand, wrist, or elbow.

Conclusion

Clinical practice data shows that Hispanic workers are at increased risk for work‐related injuries in Minnesota. They were especially susceptible to back and upper extremity injuries. Lower injury rates in non‐Hispanic minority workers, may be the result of injury underreporting and require further investigation.
Catalytic Enantioselective Ynamide Additions to Isatins: Concise Access to Oxindole Alkaloids
Authors: Moskowitz Max , Wolf Christian
Published: January 2019

The highly enantioselective addition of terminal ynamides to a variety of isatins, catalyzed by a bisoxazolidine copper complex under mild, base‐free reaction conditions, is described. The reaction is broad in scope, scalable, applicable to unprotected isatins, and provides efficient access to 3‐hydroxyoxindoles carrying a tetrasubstituted chiral center with excellent yields and enantioselectivities. Synthetically versatile, multifunctional 3‐hydroxyindolinones are obtained by hydration, partial hydrogenation, or hydroxyacyloxylation of the ynamide moiety at room temperature and exhaustive hydrogenation followed by reductive detosylation and spontaneous cyclization affords cinchonamidine alkaloids.
Formal Aza‐Wacker Cyclization by Tandem Electrochemical Oxidation and Copper Catalysis
Authors: Yi Xiangli , Hu Xile
Published: January 2019

In oxidative electrochemical organic synthesis, radical intermediates are often oxidized to cations on the way to final product formation. Herein, we describe an approach to transform electrochemically generated organic radical intermediates into neutral products by reaction with a metal catalyst. This approach combines electrochemical oxidation with Cu catalysis to effect formal aza‐Wacker cyclization of internal alkenes. The Cu catalyst is essential for transforming secondary and primary alkyl radical intermediates into alkenes. A wide range of 5‐membered N‐heterocycles including oxazolidinone, imidazolidinone, thiazolidinone, pyrrolidinone, and isoindolinone can be prepared under mild conditions.
Adhesion Anisotropy Substrate with Janus Micropillar Arrays Guides Cell Polarized Migration and Division Cycle
Authors: Liu Sidi , Nie Yifeng , Zhang Qiang , Zhu Yuting , Li Xiang , Han Dong
Published: January 2019

Cell migration is a ubiquitous and important cell behaviour. Construction of an interface that can guide and induce cell migration is of significance for studying cell behaviour and carrying out the transplantation of biological materials. Herein, we prepare a micropillar array by precise modification of two different functional groups on each micropillar unit to obtain a “Janus” structure with anisotropic cell‐adhesion properties. This anisotropic structure was capable of influencing the focal adhesion pathway of melanoma cells as shown by transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. This the anisotropic substrate can considerably affect the migration ability of highly invasive melanoma cells. The anisotropic structure with Janus micropillar arrays could also affect the cell division cycle. The experiments showed that the anisotropic microstructures regulate cell migration and are thus of use in the research of cell migration without drug stimulation.
A Self‐Healing Integrated All‐in‐One Zinc‐Ion Battery
Authors: Huang Shuo , Wan Fang , Bi Songshan , Zhu Jiacai , Niu Zhiqiang , Chen Jun
Published: January 2019

The self‐healing of zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) will not only significantly improve the durability and extend the lifetime of devices, but also decrease electronic waste and economic cost. A poly(vinyl alcohol)/zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate (PVA/Zn(CF3SO3)2) hydrogel electrolyte was fabricated by a facile freeze/thaw strategy. PVA/Zn(CF3SO3)2 hydrogels possess excellent ionic conductivity and stable electrochemical performance. Such hydrogel electrolytes can autonomously self‐heal by hydrogen bonding without any external stimulus. All‐in‐one integrated ZIBs can be assembled by incorporating the cathode, separator, and anode into hydrogel matrix since the fabrication of PVA/Zn(CF3SO3)2 hydrogel is a process of converting the liquid to quasi‐solid state. The ZIBs show an outstanding self‐healing and can recover electrochemical performance completely even after several cutting/healing cycles.
Aggregation‐Induced Electrochemiluminescence of Carboranyl Carbazoles in Aqueous Media
Authors: Wei Xing , Zhu Meng‐Jiao , Cheng Zhe , Lee Mengjeu , Yan Hong , Lu Changsheng , Xu Jing‐Juan
Published: January 2019

The aggregation‐induced electrochemiluminescence (AIECL) of carboranyl carbazoles in aqueous media was investigated for the first time. Quantum yields, morphologies, and particle sizes were observed to determine the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) performance of these aggregated organic dots (ODs). All compounds exhibit much higher ECL stability and intensity than the carborane‐free compound, demonstrating the essential role of the carboranyl motif. Moreover, the results of cyclic voltammetry (CV) suggest that oxidation/reduction reactions take place at the carboranyl motif. The excited states of ODs were proposed to be generated by the mechanism of surface state transitions. More importantly, these compounds show a reductive–oxidative mechanism in contrast to other organic materials that show oxidative–reductive mechanisms. Our experiments and data have established the relation between AIE organic structures and ECL properties that has a strong potential for biological and diagnostic applications.
Origin of Nitric Oxide Reduction Activity in Flavo–Diiron NO Reductase: Key Roles of the Second Coordination Sphere
Authors: Lu Jiarui , Bi Bo , Lai Wenzhen , Chen Hui
Published: January 2019

The second coordination sphere constitutes a distinguishing factor in the active site to modulate enzymatic reactivity. To unravel the origin of NO‐to‐N2O reduction activity of non‐heme diiron enzymes, herein we report a strong second‐coordination‐sphere interaction between a conserved Tyr197 and the key iron–nitrosyl intermediate of Tm FDP (flavo–diiron protein), which leads to decreased reaction barriers towards N–N formation and N–O cleavage in NO reduction. This finding supports the direct coupling of diiron dinitrosyl as the N–N formation mode in our QM/MM modeling, and reconciles the mechanistic controversy of external reduction between FDPs and synthetic biomimetics of the iron–nitrosyls. This work highlights the application of QM/MM 57Fe Mössbauer modeling in elucidating the structural features of not only first, but also second coordination spheres of the key transient species involved in NO/O2 activation by non‐heme diiron enzymes.
Single‐Molecule Force Measurement Guides the Design of Multivalent Ligands with Picomolar Affinity
Authors: Yang Zhen , Jiang Sheng , Li Feng , Qiu Yatao , Gu Jianhua , Pettigrew Roderic I. , Ferrari Mauro , Hamilton Dale J. , Li Zheng
Published: January 2019

Interaction of multiple entities and receptors, or multivalency is widely applied to achieve high affinity ligands for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. However, lack of knowledge on receptor distribution in living subjects remains a challenge for rational structure design. Herein, we develop a force measurement platform to probe the distribution and separation of the cell surface vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR) in live cells, and use this to assess the geometry of appropriate linkers for distinct multivalent binding modes. A tetravalent lead ZD‐4, which was developed from an antitumor drug ZD6474 (Vandetanib) with combined hybrid binding effects, yielded a 2000‐fold improvement in the binding affinity to VEGFR with IC50 value of 25 pm. We confirmed the improved affinity by the associated increase of tumor uptake in the VEGFR‐targeting positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using U87 tumor xenograft mouse model.
Poly(lactic acid) biocomposites with mango waste and organo‐montmorillonite for packaging
Authors: Lima Edla Maria Bezerra , Lima Aline Muniz , Minguita Adriana Paula Silva , Rojas dos Santos Natália Rodrigues , Pereira Ingrid Cristina Soares , Neves Thiago Torres Matta , da Costa Gonçalves Lucas Félix , Moreira Ana Paula Duarte , Middea Antonieta , Neumann Reiner , Tavares Maria Inês Bruno , Oliveira Renata Nunes
Published: January 2019

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer used in packaging, but its properties can be improved by manufacturing composite matrixes. The combination of PLA, starch, and nano‐montmorillonite leads to materials with superior mechanical properties. Mango lump is rich in cellulose and starch. The goal of this study is to develop and characterize biocomposites based on PLA, mango waste, and nano‐organo‐montmorillonite for packaging. The samples were microstructurally, morphologically, and mechanically characterized. Physical interaction between the phases was observed. The mango components displaced the PLA X‐ray diffraction peaks and the clays altered their intensity, by interfering with chain packing. The addition of single components to PLA increased the samples’ transition temperatures, but the addition of multiple components diminished them. PLA showed adhesiveness to cellulose fibers and nonadhesiveness to starch granules. Thicker samples presented better mechanical properties. PLA–mango–“chocolate clay” samples are relatively stable materials, while PLA–mango–“bofe clay” samples could represent promising highly biodegradable materials. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47512.
Influence of fullerenes on the thermal and flame‐retardant properties of polymeric materials
Authors: Pan Yanqun , Guo Zhenghong , Ran Shiya , Fang Zhengping
Published: January 2019

At present, the application of fullerene in polymer materials has become an attractive issue. Fullerene can enhance the thermal and flame‐retardant properties of polymers due to its high capacity to trap free radicals. Fullerene also has good synergistic effect with inorganic metal flame retardant, intumescent flame retardant, brominated flame retardant (BFR), clay, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and so on. In this review, the impact and mechanism of fullerene and its derivatives on the thermal and flame‐retardant properties of polymeric materials are discussed. And the prospect of fullerene in flame‐retardant polymer composites is also briefly introduced by analyzing the research progress in the recent years. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 47538.
Biodegradable poly(lactic acid)/cellulose‐based superabsorbent hydrogel composite material as water and fertilizer reservoir in agricultural applications
Authors: Calcagnile Paola , Sibillano Teresa , Giannini Cinzia , Sannino Alessandro , Demitri Christian
Published: January 2019

The work presents a fully degradable superabsorbent composite material to be used in agricultural and horticultural applications. It is designed to retain and release fertilizer solutions to the soil in a controlled manner, permitting resource optimization. Because of its ability to absorb and release large amounts of saline water, a natural superabsorbent hydrogel derived from cellulose was chosen. Potassium nitrate was chosen to model the fertilizer. Poly(lactic acid) was added to the final composition in order to delay solution release. The composite material was obtained using easily available and low‐cost starting materials and using a simple manufacturing process, using a standard mixer. After being analyzed for morphological (scanning electron microscopy), physical (X‐ray diffraction), chemical (energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy), and thermal properties (thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry), the material was tested using two different Mediterranean cultivations (Pomodoro di Morciano di Leuca and Cicoria Otrantina) and two different kinds of soil (red and white soils). The analysis revealed different water release characteristics for different soils. These findings have been confirmed by measuring plant growth for both species, as well as fruit yield of the tomatoes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47546.
Design, synthesis, and antitubercular activity of 3‐amidophenols with 5‐heteroatomic substitutions
Authors: Zhang Niu‐niu , Tang Yun‐xiang , Qian Lu , Gao Ya‐min , Liu Zhi‐yong , Zou Zhi‐liang , Zhang Tian‐yu , Yan Ming
Published: January 2019

A series of novel 3‐amidophenols with 5‐heteroatomic substitutions were designed and synthesized. Several compounds showed potent antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (MIC = 0.25–5 μg/mL). Compounds 12j and 14i also displayed good inhibitory activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv and two clinically isolated multidrug‐resistant M. tuberculosis strains (MIC = 0.39–3.12 μg/mL). The privileged compound 14i showed certain oral efficacy on a mouse infection model. The compounds are non‐cytotoxic against L‐O2 hepatocytes and RAW264.7 macrophagocytes. They did not exert inhibitory activity against representative Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel 1,2,3‐triazole‐conjugates of quinazolin‐4‐ones
Authors: Głowacka Iwona E. , Grzonkowski Piotr , Lisiecki Paweł , Kalinowski Łukasz , Piotrowska Dorota G.
Published: January 2019

A novel series of diethyl{4‐[(4‐oxoquinazolin‐3(4H)‐yl)methyl]‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl}alkylphosphonates 9aa–aj and their respective derivatives substituted at C6 of the quinazolinone moiety with a bromine atom (9ba–bj) or a nitro group (9ca–cj) were synthesized and assessed for the antibacterial activity toward selected Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. Their antifungal activity was also screened. Compound 9ac was found to be the most active against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6535 (MIC 0.625 mg/mL, MBC 1.25 mg/mL), phosphonates 9ab–ai showed promising activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (MIC = 0.625 mg/mL, MBC = 1.25 mg/mL), while compounds 9ac–j appeared the most active toward Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC = 0.625 mg/mL, MBC = 1.25 mg/mL). Antifungal assays of compounds 9aa–aj, 9ba–bj, and 9ca–cj were conducted on Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Aspergillus brasiliensis ATCC 16404 and revealed noticeable activity of 9aa–aj (MIC = 1.25 mg/mL).
Health outcomes of online consumer health information: A systematic mixed studies review with framework synthesis
Authors: Pluye Pierre , El Sherif Reem , Granikov Vera , Hong Quan Nha , Vedel Isabelle , Galvao Maria Cristiane Barbosa , Frati Francesca E.Y. , Desroches Sophie , Repchinsky Carol , Rihoux Benoît , Légaré France , Burnand Bernard , Bujold Mathieu , Grad Roland
Published: January 2019

The Internet has become the first source of consumer health information. Most theoretical and empirical studies are centered on information needs and seeking, rather than on information outcomes. This review's purpose is to explore and explain health outcomes of Online Consumer Health Information (OCHI) in primary care. A participatory systematic mixed studies review with a framework synthesis was undertaken. Starting from an initial conceptual framework, our specific objectives were to (a) identify types of OCHI outcomes in primary care, (b) identify factors associated with these outcomes, and (c) integrate these factors and outcomes into a comprehensive revised framework combining an information theory and a psychosocial theory of behavior. The results of 65 included studies were synthesized using a qualitative thematic data analysis. The themes derived from the literature underwent a harmonization process that produced a comprehensive typology of OCHI outcomes. The revised conceptual framework specifies four individual and one organizational level of OCHI outcomes, while including factors such as consumers' information needs and four interdependent contextual factors. It contributes to theoretical knowledge about OCHI health outcomes, and informs future research, information assessment methods, and tools to help consumers find and use health information.
Imaging Macrophage Phagocytosis Using AIE Luminogen‐Labeled E. coli
Authors: Gu Meijia , Zeng Zixuan , Wu Ming‐Yu , Leung Jong‐Kai , Zhao Engui , Wang Shidong , Chen Sijie
Published: January 2019

Phagocytosis of bacteria is an important biological process. Gaining insight into this process may greatly benefit related pathological studies and further contribute to development of therapies for infectious diseases. Tools for studying these internalization processes, however, are limited. Herein, we demonstrate the feasibility of employing an environmentally sensitive aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) probe for bacteria labeling and imaging. By tracking the fluorescence variation of the stained bacteria, the pH changes of its microenvironment can be monitored. In this way, the phagocytic entry of these bacteria into the macrophage cells and the intravacuolar acidification can be visualized in real‐time.
An insight into the role of the death receptor CD95 throughout pregnancy: Guardian, facilitator, or foe
Authors: Sagrillo‐Fagundes Lucas , Bienvenue‐Pariseault Josianne , Legembre Patrick , Vaillancourt Cathy
Published: January 2019

The prototype death receptor CD95 (Fas) and its ligand, CD95L (FasL), have been thoroughly studied due to their role in immune homeostasis and elimination of infected and transformed cells. The fact that CD95 is present in female reproductive cells and modulated during embryogenesis and pregnancy has raised interest in its role in immune tolerance to the fetoplacental unit. CD95 has been shown to be critical for proper embryonic formation and survival. Moreover, altered expression of CD95 or its ligand causes autoimmunity and has also been directly involved in recurrent pregnancy losses and pregnancy disorders. The objective of this review is to summarize studies that evaluate the mechanisms involved in the activation of CD95 to provide an updated global view of its effect on the regulation of the maternal immune system. Modulation of the CD95 system components may be the immune basis of several common pregnancy disorders.
Internal herniation of the abdominal wall
Authors: Bloemen Arthur , J. Keijzers Marlies , L. M. Konsten Joop , Aarts Frits , Vogelaar F. Jeroen
Published: January 2019

Key Clinical Message

A symptomatic arcuate line hernia should be considered in patients with acute lower abdominal complaints. This rare internal herniation is caused by a sharp ending of the posterior aponeurotic sheath of the rectus muscle, rather than the more common gradual delineation, and can cause strangulation or incarceration of abdominal contents.
Effect of Particle Image Velocimetry Setting Parameters on Local Velocity Measurements in an Agitated Vessel
Authors: Šulc Radek , Ditl Pavel , Jašíkova Darina , Kotek Michal , Kopecký Václav , Kysela Bohuš
Published: January 2019

Although they are obtained under the same conditions, results on the flow field in an agitated vessel achieved using particle image velocimetry (PIV) may vary due to differences in the PIV conditions. The influence on turbulence characteristics of the main PIV setting parameters, i.e., PIV spatial resolution, sampling frequency, and recording time, was investigated. Tests were performed with three different liquids in a developed turbulent field for a Rushton turbine impeller using two‐dimensional time‐resolved PIV. To obtain the relevant velocity gradients, a minimum recording time is needed. No effect of sampling frequency was observed if the sampling frequency was higher than approximately 17 times the impeller frequency, which is about three times the impeller blade frequency.
Highly Dispersible Hexagonal Carbon–MoS2–Carbon Nanoplates with Hollow Sandwich Structures for Supercapacitors
Authors: Quan Ting , Goubard‐Bretesché Nicolas , Härk Eneli , Kochovski Zdravko , Mei Shilin , Pinna Nicola , Ballauff Matthias , Lu Yan
Published: January 2019

MoS2, a typical layered transition‐metal dichalcogenide, is promising as an electrode material in supercapacitors. However, its low electrical conductivity could lead to limited capacitance if applied in electrochemical devices. Herein, a new nanostructure composed of hollow carbon–MoS2–carbon was successfully synthesized through an l‐cysteine‐assisted hydrothermal method by using gibbsite as a template and polydopamine as a carbon precursor. After calcination and etching of the gibbsite template, uniform hollow platelets, which were made of a sandwich‐like assembly of partial graphitic carbon and two‐dimensional layered MoS2 flakes, were obtained. The platelets showed excellent dispersibility and stability in water, and good electrical conductivity due to carbon provided by the calcination of polydopamine coatings. The hollow nanoplate morphology of the material provided a high specific surface area of 543 m2 g−1, a total pore volume of 0.677 cm3 g−1, and fairly small mesopores (≈5.3 nm). The material was applied in a symmetric supercapacitor and exhibited a specific capacitance of 248 F g−1 (0.12 F cm−2) at a constant current density of 0.1 A g−1; thus suggesting that hollow carbon–MoS2–carbon nanoplates are promising candidate materials for supercapacitors.
Ultrafast Single‐Scan 2D NMR Spectroscopic Detection of a PHIP‐Hyperpolarized Protease Inhibitor
Authors: Kiryutin Alexey S. , Sauer Grit , Tietze Daniel , Brodrecht Martin , Knecht Stephan , Yurkovskaya Alexandra V. , Ivanov Konstantin L. , Avrutina Olga , Kolmar Harald , Buntkowsky Gerd
Published: January 2019

Two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy is one of the most important spectroscopic tools for the investigation of biological macromolecules. However, due to the low sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy, it takes usually from several minutes to many hours to record such spectra. Here, the possibility of detecting a bioactive derivative of the sunflower trypsin inhibitor‐1 (SFTI‐1), a tetradecapeptide, by combining parahydrogen‐induced polarization (PHIP) and ultrafast 2D NMR spectroscopy is shown. The PHIP activity of the inhibitor was achieved by labeling with O‐propargyl‐l‐tyrosine. In 1D PHIP experiments a signal enhancement of a factor of approximately 1200 compared to standard NMR was found. This enhancement permits measurement of 2D NMR correlation spectra of low‐concentrated SFTI‐1 in less than 10 seconds, employing ultrafast single‐scan 2D NMR detection. As experimental examples PHIP‐assisted ultrafast single‐scan TOCSY spectra of SFTI‐1 are shown.
Electrocatalytic Synthesis of Non‐Symmetric Biphenols Mediated by Tri(p‐bromophenyl)amine: Selective Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Different Phenols and Naphthols
Authors: Wang Qing‐Qing , Jiang Yang‐Ye , Zeng Cheng‐Chu , Sun Bao‐Guo
Published: January 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusion

An efficient electrochemical access to the non‐symmetric biphenols using tri(p‐bromophenyl)amine (TBPA) as a redox mediator has been developed. The electrochemical protocol features highly selective cross‐coupling products in up to 83% yield, instead of forming homo‐coupling ones.
Choice of first‐line therapy in metastatic melanoma
Authors: Gibney Geoffrey T. , Atkins Michael B.
Published: January 2019

Anti–PD‐1, alone or in combination with anti–CTLA‐4, and targeted BRAF therapies comprise the current first‐line systemic therapies for patients with metastatic melanoma. The decision on treatment choice is based on BRAF status, disease status, toxicity, efficacy profiles, comorbidities, and patient preferences.
Shared and differential features of Robo3 expression pattern in amniotes
Authors: Friocourt François , Kozulin Peter , Belle Morgane , Suárez Rodrigo , Di‐Poï Nicolas , Richards Linda J. , Giacobini Paolo , Chédotal Alain
Published: January 2019

In Bilaterians, commissural neurons project their axons across the midline of the nervous system to target neurons on the opposite side. In mammals, midline crossing at the level of the hindbrain and spinal cord requires the Robo3 receptor which is transiently expressed by all commissural neurons. Unlike other Robo receptors, mammalian Robo3 receptors do not bind Slit ligands and promote midline crossing. Surprisingly, not much is known about Robo3 distribution and mechanism of action in other vertebrate species.

Here, we have used whole‐mount immunostaining, tissue clearing and light‐sheet fluorescent microscopy to study Robo3 expression pattern in embryonic tissue from diverse representatives of amniotes at distinct stages, including squamate (African house snake), birds (chicken, duck, pigeon, ostrich, emu and zebra finch), early postnatal marsupial mammals (fat‐tailed dunnart), and eutherian mammals (mouse and human). The analysis of this rich and unique repertoire of amniote specimens reveals conserved features of Robo3 expression in midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord commissural circuits, which together with subtle but meaningful modifications could account for species‐specific evolution of sensory‐motor and cognitive capacities. Our results also highlight important differences of precerebellar nuclei development across amniotes.
Laser Ablation of Hybrid Perovskite Bulks into Nanoparticles: Adamantylammonium Halides as Ligands and Halide Sources
Authors: Rosa‐Pardo Ignacio , Rando‐Brotons Manuel , Pocoví‐Martínez Salvador , Galian Raquel E. , Pérez Prieto Julia
Published: January 2019

An array of hybrid lead halide CH3NH3Pb(Br/I)3 colloidal perovskites have been successfully synthesized by 532 nm laser irradiation of either pure lead halide CH3NH3PbX3 (X=Br−, I−) or mixed‐halide CH3NH3PbBr3‐xIx bulks, by using 2‐adamantylammonium iodide and/or 2‐adamantylammonium bromide as the source for varying the perovskite halide content as well as for confining the material to the nanoscale.
Absence of human papillomavirus in oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas among Saudi patients
Authors: Jaber Louay , Fatani Hanadi , Aldhahri Saleh F.
Published: January 2019

This study aimed to examine the possible association of human papillomavirus (HPV) with oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (OCSCCs) in Saudi Arabia. Forty‐five paraffin‐embedded tumor blocks that represent different subsets of OCSCCs between 2010 and 2014 were retrieved and histologically evaluated. The presence of high‐risk HPV (16, 18, 31, and 33) was assessed by p16‐immunohistochemistry followed by DNA detection using in situ hybridization technique. Twenty‐four patients were male with the mean age of 59.3 years, and 21 patients were female with the mean age of 61.2 years. Forty‐one cases were positive for p16 immunostaining, and the remaining four cases were negative. However, none of the 45 cases showed DNA‐expression for any HPV subtypes (16, 18, 31, and 33). High‐risk HPV appears not to be involved in the etiology of OCSCCs in older Saudi patients, but further studies with cross section of a younger age group are still required.
Design and implementation of a new high step‐up DC‐DC converter for renewable applications
Authors: Ghabeli Sani Sajad , Mohammadi Farid , Banaei Mohammad Reza , Farhadi‐Kangarlu Mohammad
Published: January 2019

In this paper, a new structure for a DC‐DC boost converter is proposed. The presented converter provides a high voltage transfer gain with lower duty cycle. Low current and low voltage stress on the switch, enlarged area of operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM), reduced size of the inductors, and the input filter are the main advantages of the proposed converter. The high voltage transfer gain with low number of elements has made it suitable to implement. Hence, using only one switch has made the control of the proposed converter easy. Besides, decreased switching losses and higher efficiency are obtained. The proposed structure is a combination of the Luo converter and a booster unit, which its analysis is studied in three modes, CCM, boundary conduction mode (BCM), and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). Furthermore, in order to validate the analysis and feasibility of the proposed converter, the experimental results are developed on a low power prototype.
Time diversity scheme and adaptive signal clipping with blanking applied to G3 systems for narrowband power‐line communications
Authors: Rivard Yves‐François , Cheng Ling
Published: January 2019

In this paper, an investigation into the behavior of modern narrowband power‐line communication systems when concatenated with both a fountain code named Luby transform code and a combination of nonlinear preprocessing techniques called signal clipping with blanking is presented. The new systems can be used in applications such as the automatic meter reading component of smart grid technology. Testing is performed on a range of systems provided by the G3 standard and the results show that a bit error rate improvement can be achieved with the correct encoder/decoder settings. The recommended settings include an adaptive technique that uses Gaussian elimination for Luby transform code decoding and code rates that depend on the system specifications used. From there, it is shown that a further improvement is achieved when both the Luby transform code and adaptive signal clipping/blanking based on signal power are combined. It is found that these modifications present a complexity trade‐off, which is higher on the receiver side. This added complexity can be well‐tolerated in automatic meter‐reading systems because of the star topology and asymmetric nature of the network, which has a centralized agent acting as a receiver that collects data from various transmitter nodes.
Decarbonylation: A metabolic pathway of cannabidiol in humans
Authors: Kraemer Michael , Broecker Sebastian , Madea Burkhard , Hess Cornelius
Published: January 2019

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non‐psychoactive cannabinoid, which is of growing medical interest. Previous studies on the metabolism of CBD showed mainly the formation of hydroxylated or oxidized derivatives, the formation of carboxylic acids or modifications of the aliphatic side chain. Using incubation of CBD with hepatic microsomes of mice, the formation of carbon monoxide was reported. We investigated the phase I metabolism of CBD and cannabidivarin (CBDV) using in vitro experiments with human liver microsomes in order to discover so far not considered metabolites. Identification of metabolites was done by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC−QToF−MS). Within these experiments, we came across decarbonylation of CBD and CBDV. Further investigations were focused on observed decarbonylated CBD (DCBD). To confirm this metabolite in humans in vivo, plasma samples containing large amounts of cannabinoids as well as serum and urine samples, collected after a voluntary intake of a CBD‐containing food supplement, were analyzed by LC coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC−QQQ−MS). DCBD was detected in in vitro incubation mixtures, serum samples, and urine samples (after alkaline or enzymatic hydrolysis) collected after the voluntary intake, as well as in plasma samples of cannabis users. DCBD appears to be an important supplementary human metabolite that might be helpful for the analytical confirmation of a CBD uptake and might improve the interpretation of the consumption of CBD‐containing products. Results of this study indicate a prolonged detectability of DCBD (in serum) in comparison to CBD after oral CBD ingestion.
Development and organization of the zebrafish intestinal epithelial stem cell niche
Authors: Li Jianlong , Prochaska Morgan , Maney Lea , Wallace Kenneth N.
Published: January 2019

Background

Development of the vertebrate intestinal epithelial stem cell niche begins during embryogenesis but maturation occurs postembryonic. The intestinal mammalian crypt contains stem cells interspersed by secretory cells that play a role in regulation of proliferation. Epithelial cells are specified as either secretory or enterocytes as they migrate up the villi in mammals or fold in zebrafish. Zebrafish forms a functional intestine by the end of embryogenesis but takes another 4 weeks to develop the adult proliferation pattern.

Results

We characterize development of the intestinal epithelial stem cell niche during the postembryonic period. During the first 2‐weeks postembryogenesis, different groups of epithelial cells sequentially proceed through one or two cell cycles, appear to become quiescent, and remain at the interfold base. The third week begins asymmetric divisions with proliferative progeny moving up the folds. Apoptotic cells are not observed at the fold tip until the end of the fourth week. Secretory cells intersperse among interfold base proliferative cells, increasing in number during the third and fourth weeks with a coincident change in proliferation pattern.

Conclusions

Zebrafish postembryonic intestinal epithelial development consists of 2 weeks of slow proliferation followed by 2 weeks of metamorphosis to the adult structure. Developmental Dynamics 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Partitioning the effects of regional, spatial, and local variables on beta diversity of salt marsh arthropods in Chile
Authors: Coccia Cristina , Fariña José Miguel
Published: January 2019

Aim

We examined the influence of regional, spatial, and local variables (edaphic characteristics and vegetation structure) on patterns of arthropod variation along the Chilean coast by partitioning beta diversity into its turnover and nestedness components.

Location

2,000 km along the coast of Chile.

Methods

We collected ground‐dwelling arthropod samples from nine marshes during two seasons. A clustering method was used to examine patterns of arthropod similarity across salt marshes. We also calculated multiple‐site beta diversity and partitioned it into its turnover and nestedness components. Variation partitioning was then used to identify the major drivers of their variation (regional, spatial, and local variables). We compared results for the whole arthropod community and for the most abundant, speciose, and functionally different groups, Crustacea, Coleoptera, and Araneae.

Results

Salt marsh arthropod similarities did not depend on the geographic proximity of sites. Arthropod beta diversity was mainly determined by its turnover component. A significant fraction of community variation was related to the spatially structured variation of climate or edaphic factors. However, the exclusive contribution of spatial variables had also a role.

Main conclusions

Each salt marsh on the Chilean coast has the capacity to accommodate unique invertebrate taxa. Species sorting along the climatic gradient together with dispersal‐based processes seems the key structuring force of the arthropods and Crustacean variation in the marshes we studied, while species sorting alone might be more important for Coleoptera variation.
Burden of medical co‐morbidities and benefit from surgical revascularization in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ambrosy Andrew P. , Stevens Susanna R. , Al‐Khalidi Hussein R. , Rouleau Jean L. , Bouabdallaoui Nadia , Carson Peter E. , Adlbrecht Christopher , Cleland John G.F. , Dabrowski Rafal , Golba Krzysztof S. , Pina Ileana L. , Sueta Carla A. , Roy Ambuj , Sopko George , Bonow Robert O. , Velazquez Eric J. ,   on behalf of the STICH Trial Investigators
Published: January 2019

Aims

The landmark STICH trial found that surgical revascularization compared to medical therapy alone improved survival in patients with heart failure (HF) of ischaemic aetiology and an ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 35%. However, the interaction between the burden of medical co‐morbidities and the benefit from surgical revascularization has not been previously described in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy.

Methods and results

The STICH trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00023595) enrolled patients ≥ 18 years of age with coronary artery disease amenable to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and an EF ≤ 35%. Eligible participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive medical therapy (MED) (n = 602) or MED/CABG (n = 610). A modified Charlson co‐morbidity index (CCI) based on the availability of data and study definitions was calculated by summing the weighted points for all co‐morbid conditions. Patients were divided into mild/moderate (CCI 1–4) and severe (CCI ≥ 5) co‐morbidity. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between CCI and outcomes and the interaction between severity of co‐morbidity and treatment effect. The study population included 349 patients (29%) with a mild/moderate CCI score and 863 patients (71%) with a severe CCI score. Patients with a severe CCI score had greater functional limitations based on 6‐min walk test and impairments in health‐related quality of life as assessed by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire. A total of 161 patients (Kaplan–Meier rate = 50%) with a mild/moderate CCI score and 579 patients (Kaplan–Meier rate = 69%) with a severe CCI score died over a median follow‐up of 9.8 years. After adjusting for baseline confounders, patients with a severe CCI score were at higher risk for all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.44, 95% confidence interval 1.19–1.74; P < 0.001). There was no interaction between CCI score and treatment effect on survival (P = 0.756).

Conclusions

More than 70% of patients had a severe burden of medical co‐morbidities at baseline, which was independently associated with increased risk of death. There was not a differential benefit of surgical revascularization with respect to survival based on severity of co‐morbidity.
Carbon Dioxide Insertion into Bridging Iron Hydrides: Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Hong Dae Ho , Murray Leslie J.
Published: January 2019

The reduction of CO2 to formic acid by transition metal hydrides is a potential pathway to access reactive C1 compounds. To date, no kinetic study has been reported for insertion of a bridging hydride in a weak‐field ligated complex into CO2; such centers have relevance to metalloenzymes that catalyze this reaction. Herein, we report the kinetic study of the reaction of a tri(µ‐hydride)triiron(II/II/II) cluster supported by a tris(β‐diketimine) cyclophane (1) with CO2 monitored by 1H‐NMR and temperature‐controlled UV/Vis spectroscopy. We found that 1 reacts with CO2 to traverse the reported monoformate (1‐CO2) and a diformate complex (1‐2CO2) at 298 K in toluene, and ultimately yields the triformate species (1‐3CO2) at elevated temperature. The second order rate constant, H/D kinetic isotope effect, ΔH‡, and ΔS‡ for formation of 1‐CO2 were determined as 8.4(3) × 10–4 m–1 s–1, 1.08(9), 11(1) kcal mol–1, and –3(1) × 10 cal mol–1 K–1, respectively at 298 K. These parameters suggest that CO2 coordination to the iron centers does not coordinate prior to the rate controlling step whereas Fe–H bond cleavage does.
The Interaction of Water with cis and trans {Ru(bpy)2(PTA)2}2+ (PTA = 1,3,5‐Triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane) Studied by Neutron Scattering and Ab Initio Calculations
Authors: Scalambra Franco , Holzmann Nicole , Bernasconi Leonardo , Imberti Silvia , Romerosa Antonio
Published: January 2019

The nature of the interaction of water molecules with cis‐[Ru(bpy)2(PTA)2]Cl2 (1Cl2) and trans‐[Ru(bpy)2(PTA)2]F2 (2F2) in aqueous solution was studied using neutron scattering and electronic structure calculations. Both complexes were obtained in grams by a new synthetic procedure, and their response to UV/Vis radiation was examined using calculations. The new complex 2F2 was characterised by elemental analysis, NMR and IR spectroscopy. Complex 2F2 was also fully characterised by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. An analysis based on neutron diffraction data and ab initio calculations was used to study the solvent distribution around the two complexes, and to link the solvent environment to specific features in the optical response of their solutions.
Electrochemical Bulk Synthesis of Ternary Nitride Perovskites: Co3InN and Ni3InN
Authors: Lehmann Tanja S. , Blaschkowski Björn , Niewa Rainer
Published: January 2019

Two ternary nitride perovskites Co3InN and Ni3InN have been synthesized electrochemically at 723 K in a molten salt LiCl/KCl:Li3N. The working electrode, which was either a pre‐molten alloy of Co/In or Ni/In, was anodically polarized at 2.6 V during synthesis. Lattice parameters refined by the Rietveld method are a = 385.180(8) pm for Co3InN and a = 385.99(1) pm for Ni3InN. EDX measurements confirm the atomic ratios of 3:1 of the metallic elements. Chemical analyses on nitrogen content result in compositions of Co3InN1.13 and Ni3InN0.95, respectively. Furthermore, particle size of Co3InN is 1–3 µm and of Ni3InN 5–20 µm. Co3InN shows spin‐glass behavior with a freezing temperature of about 11 K at 100 Oe.