bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low genetic heterogeneity of Leishmania major in different geographical regions of Iran
Authors: Spotin Adel , Rouhani Soheila , Haghighi Ali , Parvizi Parviz
Published: May 2023

To examine the genetic diversity ofLeishmania major, 100 Giemsa-stained positive slides were collected from endemic foci of Iran (Northeast, Central, and Southwest provinces) over two consecutive years during 2019–2021. TheLeishmaniaITS-rDNA gene was amplified andLeishmaniasp. was recognized by PCR-RFLP and sequencing. In addition, 178 registered ITS-rDNA sequences from other geographical regions of Iran were retrieved from GenBank, including different host species (human, sandfly and rodent). A total of 40 new haplotypes were discovered using the ITS-rDNA sequence analysis. IR29 (20.6%) and IR34 (61%) were the two most common haplotypes, represented by a star-like feature in the overall population. Analysis of the molecular variance test revealed low genetic diversity ofL.majorin human cases (Haplotype diversity; 0.341), rodent (Hd; 0.387) and sandfly (Hd; 0.390) sequences. The lowest genetic diversity ofL.majorwas observed in Southwest/Southeast Iran (Hd: 0.104–0.286). The statisticallyFst value indicated thatL.majoris not genetically differentiated between geographic regions of Iran, except for the Northeast-Southwest (Fst: 0.29055) and Central-Southwest (Fst: 0.30294) population pairs. The current study as the first investigation discloses new perspectives for further evaluation in the identification local transmission paradigms and initiating effective prevention strategies.
Hiding in the yolk: A unique feature of Legionella pneumophila infection of zebrafish
Authors: Viana Flávia , Boucontet Laurent , Laghi Valerio , Schator Daniel , Ibranosyan Marine , Jarraud Sophie , Colucci-Guyon Emma , Buchrieser Carmen
Published: May 2023

The zebrafish has become a powerful model organism to study host-pathogen interactions. Here, we developed a zebrafish model to dissect the innate immune response toLegionella pneumophiladuring infection. We show thatL.pneumophilacause zebrafish larvae death in a dose dependent manner. Additionally, we show that macrophages are the first line of defence and cooperate with neutrophils to clear the infection. Immunocompromised humans have an increased propensity to develop pneumonia, similarly, when either macrophages or neutrophils are depleted, these “immunocompromised” larvae become lethally sensitive toL.pneumophila. Also, as observed in human infections, the adaptor signalling molecule Myd88 is not required to control disease in the larvae. Furthermore, proinflammatory cytokine genesil1βandtnf-αwere upregulated during infection, recapitulating key immune responses seen in human infection. Strikingly, we uncovered a previously undescribed infection phenotype in zebrafish larvae, whereby bloodborne, wild typeL.pneumophilainvade and grow in the larval yolk region, a phenotype not observed with a type IV secretion system deficient mutant that cannot translocate effectors into its host cell. Thus, zebrafish larva represents an innovativeL.pneumophilainfection model that mimics important aspects of the human immune response toL.pneumophilainfection and will allow the elucidation of mechanisms by which type IV secretion effectors allowL.pneumophilato cross host cell membranes and obtain nutrients from nutrient rich environments.
Chemosensory protein regulates the behavioural response of Frankliniella intonsa and Frankliniella occidentalis to tomato zonate spot virus–Infected pepper (Capsicum annuum)
Authors: Li Heng , Chen Yixin , Lu Chengcong , Tian Houjun , Lin Shuo , Wang Liang , Linghu Tingting , Zheng Xue , Wei Hui , Fan Xiaojing , Chen Yong
Published: May 2023

Many herbivorous insects rely on plant volatiles to locate their host plants. Vector-borne viral infections induce changes in plant volatiles, which render infected plants more attractive to insect vectors. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying the olfactory responses of insect vectors induced by the volatiles produced by virus-infected plants are poorly understood. Here, we show that volatiles emitted by pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants infected with tomato zonate spot virus (TZSV), particularly the volatile cis-3-hexenal, which is recognized by chemosensory protein 1 of the thrips Frankliniella intonsa (FintCSP1), are more attractive to F. intonsa than the volatiles emitted by non-infected pepper plants. FintCSP1 is highly abundant in the antenna of F. intonsa. Silencing of FintCSP1 significantly decreased electroantennogram responses of F. intonsa antennae to cis-3-hexenal and impaired thrips’ responses to TZSV-infected pepper plants and cis-3-hexenal, as assessed using a Y-tube olfactometer. Three-dimensional model predictions indicated that FintCSP1 consists of seven α-helixes and two disulfide bridges. Molecular docking analysis suggested that cis-3-hexenal is positioned deep inside the binding pocket of FintCSP1 and binds to residues of the protein. We combined site-directed mutagenesis and fluorescence binding assays and identified three hydrophilic residues, Lys26, Thr28, and Glu67, of FintCSP1 as being critical for cis-3-hexenal binding. Furthermore, CSP of F. occidentalis (FoccCSP) is also a key olfactory protein involved in modulating the behaviour of F. occidentalis to TZSV-infected pepper. This study revealed the specific binding characteristics of CSPs to cis-3-hexenal and confirmed the general hypothesis that virus infections induce changes in host volatiles, which can be recognized by the olfactory proteins of the insect vector to enhance vector attraction and this may facilitate viral spread and transmission.
Salmonella Enteritidis T1SS protein SiiD inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation via repressing the mtROS-ASC dependent pathway
Authors: Guo Yaxin , Gu Dan , Huang Tingting , Li Ang , Zhou Yi , Kang Xilong , Meng Chuang , Xiong Dan , Song Li , Jiao Xinan , Pan Zhiming
Published: May 2023

Inflammasome activation is an essential innate immune defense mechanism against Salmonella infections. Salmonella has developed multiple strategies to avoid or delay inflammasome activation, which may be required for long-term bacterial persistence. However, the mechanisms by which Salmonella evades host immune defenses are still not well understood. In this study, Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) random insertion transposon library was screened to identify the key factors that affect the inflammasome activation. The type I secretion system (T1SS) protein SiiD was demonstrated to repress the NLRP3 inflammasome activation during SE infection and was the first to reveal the antagonistic role of T1SS in the inflammasome pathway. SiiD was translocated into host cells and localized in the membrane fraction in a T1SS-dependent and partially T3SS-1-dependent way during SE infection. Subsequently, SiiD was demonstrated to significantly suppress the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), thus repressing ASC oligomerization to form pyroptosomes, and impairing the NLRP3 dependent Caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion. Importantly, SiiD-deficient SE induced stronger gut inflammation in mice and displayed NLRP3-dependent attenuation of the virulence. SiiD-mediated inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation significantly contributed to SE colonization in the infected mice. This study links bacterial T1SS regulation of mtROS-ASC signaling to NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reveals the essential role of T1SS in evading host immune responses.
‘What do you think about …?’: The metaculture of fandom
Authors: Bliss Courtney
Published: May 2023

Metaculture is a theory first posited by Greg Urban in 2001. Metaculture is culture about culture, according to Urban. Fandom is a community of individuals who share a love for a text or person and discuss that text or person. Many fandoms create their own subcultures surrounding the object of their fannish activities. In those discussions and activities, metaculture is created and becomes a central aspect of what makes a fandom. While all fandoms use and create metaculture similarly, the object of their fandom has a unique relationship with metaculture that is influential in the creation of and a part of that fandom. This article describes the relationship between fandom and metaculture generally as well as in the context of Hamilton: An American Musical, Glamberts and Ratatouille: The Tik-Tok Musical by drawing upon Urban, Henry Jenkins and Katherine Meizel, among others, to discuss how reality television, musical theatre and social media all interact with metaculture differently, influencing the creation and continuing existence of fandoms.
Virtual community during a pandemic: A case study
Authors: Knipe Mallory R.
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has not only resulted in millions of deaths worldwide but also ravaged the mental health of countless other individuals by the fear and isolation it has cultivated. This phenomenological case study explores how the Sid City Social Club, a virtual fandom community born from the COVID-19 pandemic, provided a social outlet that participants claimed helped buffer against these negative mental health outcomes of the pandemic. Key to participants’ experiences were the diverse identities and interests of the members of the community and the sense of support they offered their peers throughout the multiple online mediums used by the club. Special emphasis is given to the uniqueness of participating in such a virtual fandom community amidst a historical pandemic and immense global uncertainty. This study gives insight into the benefits of this type of virtual community for those experiencing social isolation for a myriad of reasons, both now and in the future.
Discussing one’s fan interests with others can satisfy or threaten psychological needs
Authors: Wesselmann Eric D. , Hesson-McInnis Matthew S. , Beck Jaide S. , Atkinson Christopher D. , Arellanes Jordan A.
Published: May 2023

Many individuals consider themselves a fan of something (e.g. music, sports) and discuss these interests with others. However, these interactions may be risky: a positive interaction could make someone feel socially connected and valued by others, whereas a negative interaction may prompt feelings of exclusion. Thus, these interactions could impact one’s basic psychological needs (e.g. belonging, self-esteem) depending upon the specific conversation dynamics. Three experiments provide data supporting these hypotheses. Specifically, individuals who recalled discussing their fan interest with either a fellow fan or a non-fan who positively reacted to their passions reported increased basic need satisfaction, whereas individuals who recalled a negative interaction with a non-fan reported lower basic need satisfaction. Participants recalled these interactions as having similar effects on their perceived relational value (i.e. how valuable, close or important others perceive them). Collectively, these studies connect fan studies research to the psychology of social inclusion and exclusion, providing directions for future research.
Millennial Fandom: Television Audiences in the Transmedia Age, Louisa Stein (2015)
Authors: Howell Linda
Published: May 2023

Review of: Millennial Fandom: Television Audiences in the Transmedia Age, Louisa Stein (2015)

Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press, 224 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-60938-355-8, p/bk, $24.00
Straight Korean Female Fans and Their Gay Fantasies, Jungmin Kwon (2019)
Authors: Entrikin Kelsey
Published: May 2023

Review of: Straight Korean Female Fans and Their Gay Fantasies, Jungmin Kwon (2019)

Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press, 236 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-60938-621-4, p/bk, $65.00
Relationship between water toxicity and hematological changes in Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Seriani Robson , Abessa Denis Moledo de Souza , Kirschbaum Aline Alves , Pereira Camilo Dias Seabra , Romano Priscilla , Ranzani-Paiva Maria José Tavares
Published: May 2023

Hematological analyses were used as biomarkers in Oreochromis niloticus from polluted pond and fishfarm (negative control) in winter, spring and summer. Water column from polluted pond were also taken from acute toxicity to Daphnia similis. The pond waters were toxic in spring and winter to D. similis, but this toxicity was not detected in summer, also presented higher values of hardness, conductivity and ammonia. In fish was evaluated total leukocytes (TLC), trombocytes (TT) and differential leukocytes (neutrophyls, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes and monocytes). The fish collected at pond exhibited increased in percentages of trombocytes, immature erythrocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes. Total leucocytes and neutrophyls differed significantly between pond and control.
DIÁLOGO ENTRE A TECNOLOGIA SOCIAL DA MEMÓRIA, A HISTÓRIA ORAL E A FUNÇÃO DA HISTÓRIA
Authors: Venera Raquel Alvarenga Sena , Nart Gustavo Henrique Cardoso , Medina Bruna de Souza
Published: May 2023

Este artigo busca discutir a relação entre as metodologias História Oral ea Tecnologia Social da Memória com ênfase na criação de objetos epistemológicos, na potencialização política de narrativas de memória e na função da História. A partir da exposição “Comunicação Sensível”, aponta a potência do discurso político das narrativas de vidas ao mesmo tempo em que discute a função epistemológica de produção de fontes de memória. O desafio é a partir da definição e das considerações acerca da História Oral de Vida, em Albert (1996; 2005) e Thompson (2006), aproximar da Tecnologia Social da Memória, construída pelo Museu da Pessoa (2009) e mapear, em diálogo comSzymczak (2018), a aproximação e a diferenciação dessas duas metodologias, refletindo também acerca da função da História em Rusën (2001). O artigo mostra como a exposição “Comunicação Sensível” traduz essas duas vertentes, quais sejam, a construção de fontes históricas e a função política da visibilidade da voz de sujeitos históricos.
inéditos-viáveis na formação inicial e continuada das/os professoras/es do Afin/Ituiutaba em 2021
Authors: Vilela Maria Aparecida Augusto Satto , Oliveira Lucia Helena Moreira de Medeiros
Published: May 2023

Este texto configura-se como um relato das experiências oriundas da execução do projeto de extensão “Ações Formativas Integradas de Ingresso ao Ensino Superior (Afin)”, desenvolvido na cidade de Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais. O objetivo geral é apresentar as experiências de formação inicial e continuada realizadas para e pelos/as professoras/es do projeto Afin/Ituiutaba no ano de 2021. Como procedimento metodológico: relatório final do ano de 2021 e projeto de formação para uso de ferramentas digitais, produção realizada pelas/os professoras/es, dentre outros. A partir da análise das produções realizadas, entendemos que estamos no processo de construção de inéditos viáveis quando envolvemos e mobilizamos a formação interdisciplinar e coletiva das/os professoras/es na possibilidade de superar as situações-limite outrora problematizadas e refletidas criticamente, e que atravancam a realização de uma práxis mais humanizada e emancipadora.
Embryonic Afterlives?
Authors: Griffioen Amber
Published: May 2023

While much has been written on the moral and metaphysical status of fetuses in Christian bioethics, little thought has been given to how we might characterize the afterlives of the unborn, especially of those human biological individuals who die before even developing a body that could theoretically be resurrected. In this paper, I therefore undertake an examination of questions surrounding the afterlife, specifically as it relates to early pregnancy loss. I first lay out what I call the “problem of weird heavens” that arises when we consider that significantly more unborn human beings have died than have been born in the history of humankind. I then go on to consider questions surrounding both the soteriological status of the embryo and the status of any resurrected “body” it might have. I conclude with the germs of an alternative approach mirrored on the idea of embryonic resorption and mystical union.
Distributed Graph Embedding with Information-Oriented Random Walks
Authors: Fang Peng , Khan Arijit , Luo Siqiang , Wang Fang , Feng Dan , Li Zhenli , Yin Wei , Cao Yuchao
Published: May 2023

Graph embedding maps graph nodes to low-dimensional vectors, and is widely adopted in machine learning tasks. The increasing availability of billion-edge graphs underscores the importance of learning efficient and effective embeddings on large graphs, such as link prediction on Twitter with over one billion edges. Most existing graph embedding methods fall short of reaching high data scalability. In this paper, we present a general-purpose, distributed, information-centric random walk-based graph embedding framework, DistGER, which can scale to embed billion-edge graphs. DistGER incrementally computes information-centric random walks. It further leverages a multi-proximity-aware, streaming, parallel graph partitioning strategy, simultaneously achieving high local partition quality and excellent workload balancing across machines. DistGER also improves the distributed Skip-Gram learning model to generate node embeddings by optimizing the access locality, CPU throughput, and synchronization efficiency. Experiments on real-world graphs demonstrate that compared to state-of-the-art distributed graph embedding frameworks, including KnightKing, DistDGL, and Pytorch-BigGraph, DistGER exhibits 2.33×--129× acceleration, 45% reduction in cross-machines communication, and >10% effectiveness improvement in downstream tasks.
Marigold: Efficientk-Means Clustering in High Dimensions
Authors: Mortensen Kasper Overgaard , Zardbani Fatemeh , Haque Mohammad Ahsanul , Agustsson Steinn Ymir , Mottin Davide , Hofmann Philip , Karras Panagiotis
Published: May 2023

How can we efficiently and scalably cluster high-dimensional data? Thek-means algorithm clusters data by iteratively reducing intra-cluster Euclidean distances until convergence. While it finds applications from recommendation engines to image segmentation, its application to high-dimensional data is hindered by the need to repeatedly compute Euclidean distances among points and centroids. In this paper, we propose Marigold (k-means for high-dimensional data), a scalable algorithm fork-means clustering in high dimensions. Marigold prunes distance calculations by means of (i) a tight distance-bounding scheme; (ii) a stepwise calculation over a multiresolution transform; and (iii) exploiting the triangle inequality. To our knowledge, such an arsenal of pruning techniques has not been hitherto applied tok-means. Our work is motivated by time-critical Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) experiments, where it is vital to detect clusters among high-dimensional spectra in real time. In a thorough experimental study with real-world data sets we demonstrate that Marigold efficiently clusters high-dimensional data, achieving approximately one order of magnitude improvement over prior art.
LOGER: A Learned Optimizer Towards Generating Efficient and Robust Query Execution Plans
Authors: Chen Tianyi , Gao Jun , Chen Hedui , Tu Yaofeng
Published: May 2023

Query optimization based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has become a hot research topic recently. Despite the achieved promising progress, DRL optimizers still face great challenges of robustly producing efficient plans, due to the vast search space for both join order and operator selection and the highly varying execution latency taken as the feedback signal. In this paper, we propose LOGER, a learned optimizer towards generating efficient and robust plans, aiming at producing both efficient join orders and operators. LOGER first utilizes Graph Transformer to capture relationships between tables and predicates. Then, the search space is reorganized, in which LOGER learns to restrict specific operators instead of directly selecting one for each join, while utilizing DBMS built-in optimizer to select physical operators under the restrictions. Such a strategy exploits expert knowledge to improve the robustness of plan generation while offering sufficient plan search flexibility. Furthermore, LOGER introduces
ε
-beam search, which keeps multiple search paths that preserve promising plans while performing guided exploration. Finally, LOGER introduces a loss function with reward weighting to further enhance performance robustness by reducing the fluctuation caused by poor operators, and log transformation to compress the range of rewards. We conduct experiments on Join Order Benchmark (JOB), TPC-DS and Stack Overflow, and demonstrate that LOGER can achieve a performance better than existing learned query optimizers, with a 2.07x speedup on JOB compared with PostgreSQL.
Geometry of CMC surfaces of finite index
Authors: Meeks William H. , Pérez Joaquín
Published: May 2023

Given

r

0

>
0

{r}_{0}\gt 0

,

I
∈
N
∪

{

0

}

I\in {\mathbb{N}}\cup \left\{0\right\}

, and

K

0

,

H

0

≥
0

{K}_{0},{H}_{0}\ge 0

, let

X

X

be a complete Riemannian 3-manifold with injectivity radius

Inj

(

X

)

≥

r

0

\hspace{0.1em}\text{Inj}\hspace{0.1em}\left(X)\ge {r}_{0}

and with the supremum of absolute sectional curvature at most

K

0

{K}_{0}

, and let

M

↬

X

M\hspace{0.33em}\looparrowright \hspace{0.33em}X

be a complete immersed surface of constant mean curvature

H
∈

[

0
,

H

0

]

H\in \left[0,{H}_{0}]

and with index at most

I

I

. We will obtain geometric estimates for such an

M

↬

X

M\hspace{0.33em}\looparrowright \hspace{0.33em}X

as a consequence of the hierarchy structure theorem. The hierarchy structure theorem (Theorem 2.2) will be applied to understand global properties of

M

↬

X

M\hspace{0.33em}\looparrowright \hspace{0.33em}X

, especially results related to the area and diameter of

M

M

. By item E of Theorem 2.2, the area of such a noncompact

M

↬

X

M\hspace{0.33em}\looparrowright \hspace{0.33em}X

is infinite. We will improve this area result by proving the following when

M

M

is connected; here,

g

(

M

)

g\left(M)

denotes the genus of the orientable cover of

M

M

:

(1)

There exists

C

1

=

C

1

(

I
,

r

0

,

K

0

,

H

0

)

>
0

{C}_{1}={C}_{1}\left(I,{r}_{0},{K}_{0},{H}_{0})\gt 0

, such that

Area

(

M

)

≥

C

1

(

g

(

M

)

+
1

)

{\rm{Area}}\left(M)\ge {C}_{1}\left(g\left(M)+1)

.

(2)

There exist

C
>
0

C\gt 0

,

G

(

I

)

∈
N

G\left(I)\in {\mathbb{N}}

independent of

r

0

,

K

0

,

H

0

{r}_{0},{K}_{0},{H}_{0}

, and also

C

C

independent of

I

I

such that if

g

(

M

)

≥
G

(

I

)

g\left(M)\ge G\left(I)

, then

Area

(

M

)

≥

C

(

max

1
,

1

r

0

,

K

0

,

H

0

)

2

(

g

(

M

)

+
1

)

{\rm{Area}}\left(M)\ge \frac{C}{{\left(\max \left\{1,\frac{1}{{r}_{0}},\sqrt{{K}_{0}},{H}_{0}\right\}\right)}^{2}}\left(g\left(M)+1)

.

(3)

If the scalar curvature

ρ

\rho

of

X

X

satisfies

3

H

2

+

1

2

ρ
≥
c

3{H}^{2}+\frac{1}{2}\rho \ge c

in

X

X

for some

c
>
0

c\gt 0

, then there exist

A
,
D
>
0

A,D\gt 0

depending on

c
,
I
,

r

0

,

K

0

,

H

0

c,I,{r}_{0},{K}_{0},{H}_{0}

such that

Area

(

M

)

≤
A

{\rm{Area}}\left(M)\le A

and

Diameter

(

M

)

≤
D

{\rm{Diameter}}\left(M)\le D

. Hence,

M

M

is compact and, by item 1,

g

(

M

)

≤
A

/

C

1

−
1

g\left(M)\le A\hspace{0.1em}\text{/}\hspace{0.1em}{C}_{1}-1

.
Wer bietet mehr, oder: Wie eine Vielzahl Signaturen zustande kommt
Authors: Blortz Ulrich Ch.
Published: May 2023

Am Beispiel des Bonner Standortes von ZB MED – Informationszentrum Lebenswissenschaften, der früheren Zentralbibliothek der Landbauwissenschaft (ZBL) wird dargestellt, wie sich eine Vielzahl von verschiedenen Signaturenarten „historisch entwickelt“.
Physicochemical and biological properties of carvacrol
Authors: Gandova Vanya , Lazarov Anton , Fidan Hafize , Dimov Milen , Stankov Stanko , Denev Petko , Ercisli Sezai , Stoyanova Albena , Gulen Hatice , Assouguem Amine , Farah Abdellah , Ullah Riaz , Kara Mohammed , Bari Ahmed
Published: May 2023

Carvacrol is a major component of many essential oils of the genusThymus, Satureja,andOriganum, determining their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and other properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate some physicochemical and biological properties of pure carvacrol. The surface tension and density were measured at six different temperatures (30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80°C). The surface tension values were between 53.11 and 60.38 mN/m, while density varied from 0.978 to 0.99 kg/m3. The antibacterial activity against seven pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic bacteria was investigated. The diameter of the inhibition zones was determined in the range of 3.9–4.9 mm. The antioxidant activity was determined by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (1687.0 µmol TE/mL) method.
An SEIR model with modified saturated incidence rate and Holling type II treatment function
Authors: Umdekar Shilpa , Sharma Praveen Kumar , Sharma Shivram
Published: May 2023

In this article, the behavior of an susceptible exposed infected recovered (SEIR) epidemic model with nonlinear incidence rate and Holling type II treatment function is presented and analyzed. Reproduction number of the model is calculated. Equilibrium points are determined. Disease-free equilibrium exists when R0 is below 1. Behavior of disease-free equilibrium is examined at R0 = 1. Endemic equilibrium exists when R0 crosses 1. Stability of both equilibrium points is investigated locally and globally. Simulation is provided to support the result.
Learning with a purpose: a metals chemistry course centered on objects conservation
Authors: Hagerman Madeline , Alcántara-García Jocelyn
Published: May 2023

Corrosion is the visible result of redox reactions on multiple substrates, “rust” being the known, although this term only applies to iron and iron alloy objects. Using corrosion as a relatable example to teach redox eases this concepts’ understanding because its results are visually identifiable; both in everyday objects like door hinges, and in cultural heritage objects like cannons. This article concerns the latter class of objects, as they have the potential to engage people interested in fields that seem unrelated to chemistry. The reality is the opposite, as cultural heritage professionals assess objects used in humanities disciplines like archeology and history through the lens of science. This article discusses how conservators approach corrosion on cultural heritage objects and provides experiments for any base-knowledge and age-level students to learn about the process of corrosion and electrochemistry.
Long-Term Strategies to Reduce Public Debt from a Historical Perspective
Authors: Mayer Thomas
Published: May 2023

Public debt can be reduced in three ways: (1) repayment; (2) default; and (3) indirect default through monetary financing accompanied by debasement or followed by currency reform. In the course of history, repayment was more the exception than the rule, default often the only available way when a government had no control over the currency in which it borrowed, and indirect default more the rule than the exception. In this paper we review the three ways of debt reduction with exemplary references to historical events. We conclude that financial repression supplemented with debt repayment is likely to be the preferred way for public debt reduction today. The alternative would be currency reform.
Novel in situ synthesis of quaternary core–shell metallic sulfide nanocomposites for degradation of organic dyes and hydrogen production
Authors: Khan Yousaf , Sharafat Uzma , Gul Saima , Khan M. I. , Ismail Muhammad , Khan Murad Ali , Younus Rafia , Khan Sher Bahadar
Published: May 2023

Environmental remediation of toxic organic pollutants on catalytic degradation has gained much attention. Organic dyes and fossil fuels as pollutants are the two major problems nowadays. The efficient and targeted eradication of organic dye from water systems is a critical global concern for the treatment of both drinking water and wastewater. In this study, ZnO–ZnS–CdO–CdS quaternary core–shell nanocomposites (NCs) were synthesized using Ricinus communis as a stabilizing agent and hydrazine hydrate as a reducing agent. UV-visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence confirmed the formation of NCs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of functional groups, while scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the morphology of nanomaterials was spherical and poly distributed. X-ray powder diffraction confirmed the crystalline nature of prepared samples. The prepared nanocatalysts were used in the production of hydrogen gas from green sources of the Brassica campestris leaf extract and the degradation of Congo red and methyl red dyes. Overall, the photocatalytic performance of NCs and their design was successful. The prepared catalysts were not only active in the degradation of a single substrate but also in the degradation of a mixture of dyes.
Characteristics of interesterified oils prepared from different substrates and their potential as margarine base stock
Authors: Xu Xinyue , Cui Huaitian , Wang Shengnan , Yang Lina , Zhu Danshi , Li Jun , Liu He
Published: May 2023

Enzymatic interesterification (EIE) of beef tallow (BT) blended with soybean oil (SO), peanut oil (PO) and canola oil (CO) in different proportions were analyzed in terms of the fatty acid compositions, thermal properties (melting and crystallization behaviors), rheological properties, hardness, crystal, and microstructure to achieve their sufficient utilization. The content of saturated fatty acids in all interesterified oils (IOs) decreased gradually with the increase of plant oil content in base stock. The higher the proportion of plant oil in the base stock, the lower the enthalpy of IOs. All IOs were in the solid-like state, and the hardness of all IOs met the requirements of traditional plastic oil. All IOs were mainly in α and β′ crystal forms and can be used as basic stock for special oils.
Coaches as teachers and facilitators of esports imagery use
Authors: Rerick Mark A. , Moritz Sandra Elaine
Published: May 2023

New esports teams are popping up all of the time and they all need a good coaching staff, including specialists. For the benefit of esports coach education, this article provides a brief summary of the conditions that must be present for learning to take place, the various teaching methods available to coaches, and best practices in guiding athlete performance. The final section shows how coaches can facilitate imagery use with athletes.
Study on calculation model and risk area of radionuclide diffusion in coastal waters under nuclear leakage accidents with different levels
Authors: Li Zichao , Chen Rongchang , Zhou Tao , Liu Chen , Si Guangcheng , Xue Qingqing
Published: May 2023

Study on calculation model and risk area of radionuclide diffusion in coastal waters under nuclear leakage accidents with different levels can help predict and evaluate consequences of radionuclide leakage accidents. Thus they play an important role in emergency response and accident mitigation. In the first step of the study, a climate hydrodynamic model in China coastal waters was established based on the climate data. In the next step, according to the real-time meteorological data, a hydrodynamic model in coastal waters of Haiyang nuclear power station was founded using the result of the climate hydrodynamic as a boundary. Then, according to the result of the hydrodynamic model in coastal waters of Haiyang nuclear power station, a radionuclide diffusion model in coastal waters of Haiyang nuclear power station was set up, in which the Euler method was adopted. With the radionuclide diffusion model, the total leaked radioactivity of radionuclides was set from 1018 Bq to 1012 Bq with a decrease of every two orders of magnitude. Thus, scenarios of radionuclide diffusion under assumed nuclear leakage accidents with different levels were calculated and their corresponding risk area were analyzed under the assumption that radionuclides leaked for consecutive five days. The results show that when the leaked radioactivity of radionuclides is 1018 Bq, the risk area on the seventh day is about 41 km east, 22 km south and 19 km west of the power station; on the fourteenth day, the risk area is about 65 km east, 22 km south and 25 km west of the power station. When the total leaked radioactivity of radionuclides declines by two orders of magnitude, the risk area will be reduced by about 10 km–20 km in the east direction accordingly. When it declines to 1014 Bq, the risk area decreases sharply to a small area. When it declines to 1012 Bq, the risk area is barely found. This model was verified from two aspects, namely the flow field and the radionuclide concentration. Hydrodynamic results can well describe the Yellow Sea cold water mass, Yellow Sea warm current and tidal current. Changes of radioactivity in different positions are fundamentally consistent with that in Fuikushima nuclear leakage accident. It indicates the hydrodynamic model and radionuclide diffusion model in the study are feasible and reliable.
Dual-mode hyperbolicity, supercanalization, and leakage in self-complementary metasurfaces
Authors: Martini Enrica , Giusti Federico , Benini Alice , Maci Stefano
Published: May 2023

Anisotropic Self-Complementary Metasurfaces (SC-MTSs) are structures constituted by an alternation of complementary inductive and capacitive strips, which are “self-dual” according to Babinet’s duality principle. They support the propagation of two orthogonally polarized surface-wave modes with the same phase velocity along the principal directions (i.e., along the strips and normal to them). The isofrequency dispersion curves of these modes are hyperbolas, and therefore, these MTSs fall in the category of hyperbolic MTSs. It is shown here that the hyperbolic dispersion curves may degenerate in same cases into almost straight lines, which implies that the velocity of energy transport is constantly directed along the same direction for any possible phasing orthogonal to the strips. In this circumstance, the SC-MTS can be conveniently used to design dual-polarized leaky-wave antennas by modulating the impedances of the complementary strips.
A review of the use of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) in the biorefineries context
Authors: Ortega Zaida , Bolaji Ife , Suárez Luis , Cunningham Eoin
Published: May 2023

The massive availability of biomass generated by the common giant reed (Arundo donax L.) motivates the search for its possible industrial use for the generation of high added-value products through implementing a biorefinery approach. The literature demonstrates the potential of common cane to obtain different high-value compounds, such as levulinic acid, oligosaccharides, fermentable sugars, highly digestible fiber for animal feed, polyphenols, and natural fibers for composite materials, among others. The data shows the upward trend in Europe toward the generation of new green industries, grouped under the biorefinery concept. Therefore, this review summarizes the current knowledge on the use of Arundo to produce materials, fibers, and chemicals. Major environmental concerns related to this plant are also reviewed. Special attention has been paid to the potential use of Arundo to produce chemicals using green chemistry approaches, as a way to contribute to and advance the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals. Recommendations for future research are also outlined.
Émergence d’un nouvel indicateur pour un budget alimentaire décent des foyers québécois
Authors: Laperrière Jean-Philippe , Thériault Mylène
Published: May 2023

Depuis les années 1950, la place de l’alimentation dans le budget des ménages québécois se réduit continuellement, en concurrence avec d’autres postes budgétaires. Or, la pandémie de COVID-19 et l’inflation qui en découle ont changé la donne, notamment pour les plus précaires. Afin de comprendre le budget alimentaire des ménages, deux approches sont traditionnellement mobilisées. La première évalue ce que les foyers dépensent en moyenne, en fonction de produits de base pour leur alimentation. La seconde calcule ce que devrait coûter une alimentation saine. Ces deux approches sont utiles, mais elles occultent la situation des ménages les plus pauvres ainsi que les goûts et les cultures alimentaires. Cet article veut présenter la réflexion et les résultats originaux d’une enquête exploratoire réalisée dans le milieu communautaire de la région métropolitaine de Montréal. Ce que nous appellerons le budget alimentaire décent est un nouvel indicateur pour appréhender le coût d’une alimentation plus en accord avec les goûts et les cultures alimentaires. Ce travail veut ouvrir la voie à de nouvelles revendications pour l’alimentation des foyers à faibles revenus.
Identification of Novel BDNF-Specific Corticostriatal Circuitries
Authors: Ehinger Yann , Soneja Drishti , Phamluong Khanhky , Salvi Alexandra , Ron Dorit
Published: May 2023

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is released from axon terminals originating in the cerebral cortex onto striatal neurons. Here, we characterized BDNF neurons in the corticostriatal circuitry. First, we usedBDNF-Cre and Ribotag transgenic mouse lines to label BDNF-positive neurons in the cortex and detectedBDNFexpression in all the subregions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Next, we used a retrograde viral tracing strategy, in combination withBDNF-Cre knock-in mice, to map the cortical outputs of BDNF neurons in the dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum (DMS and DLS, respectively). We found thatBDNF-expressing neurons located in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) project mainly to the DMS, and those located in the primary and secondary motor cortices (M1 and M2, respectively) and agranular insular cortex (AI) project mainly to the DLS. In contrast,BDNF-expressing orbitofrontal cortical (OFC) neurons differentially target the dorsal striatum (DS) depending on their mediolateral and rostrocaudal location. Specifically, the DMS is mainly innervated by the medial and ventral part of the orbitofrontal cortex (MO and VO, respectively), whereas the DLS receives projections specifically from the lateral part of the OFC (LO). Together, our study uncovers previously unknown BDNF corticostriatal circuitries. These findings could have important implications for the role of BDNF signaling in corticostriatal pathways.
Primed to Like Yourself – Can Self-evaluative Cognition Be Changed by Learning Contingencies of Self-evaluative Statements and Truth-values?
Authors: Jusepeitis Adrian , Rothermund Klaus
Published: May 2023

Measures of automatic propositional self-evaluation have been shown to predict adverse outcomes above and beyond measures of deliberate self-evaluation, thereby suggesting an independent source of automatic self-evaluation that might also provide a pathway to change self-esteem and its correlates. Based on theoretical models of automatic, proposition-based evaluative cognition, we hypothesize that automatic self-evaluation can be changed by raising the accessibility of specific truth-values in the presence of self-positive and self-negative statements. To test this hypothesis, we exposed N = 160 participants to a learning procedure based on the Propositional Evaluation Paradigm on three consecutive days. This procedure implemented contingencies between self-positive statements and truth in one condition and between self-positive statements and falsity in the other condition. Investigating the performance of the participants in the learning procedure itself, we found evidence for short-term effects of the contingencies as well as cumulative effects across days. However, the learning procedure had no effect on external criteria such as questionnaires of affect and self-esteem as well as the preference for one’s own initials. Implications and suggestions for future research on the malleability of automatic propositional self-evaluation are discussed.
Endothelial FOXC1 and FOXC2 promote intestinal regeneration after ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Tan Can , Norden Pieter R , Yu Wei , Liu Ting , Ujiie Naoto , Lee Sun Kyong , Yan Xiaocai , Dyakiv Yaryna , Aoto Kazushi , Ortega Sagrario , De Plaen Isabelle G , Sampath Venkatesh , Kume Tsutomu
Published: May 2023

Intestinal ischemia underlies several clinical conditions and can result in the loss of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Ischemia‐induced damage to the intestinal epithelium is repaired by stimulation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), and paracrine signaling from the vascular niche regulates intestinal regeneration. Here, we identify FOXC1 and FOXC2 as essential regulators of paracrine signaling in intestinal regeneration after ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Vascular endothelial cell (EC)‐ and lymphatic EC (LEC)‐specific deletions of Foxc1, Foxc2, or both in mice worsen I/R‐induced intestinal damage by causing defects in vascular regrowth, expression of chemokine CXCL12 and Wnt activator R‐spondin 3 (RSPO3) in blood ECs (BECs) and LECs, respectively, and activation of Wnt signaling in ISCs. Both FOXC1 and FOXC2 directly bind to regulatory elements of the CXCL12 and RSPO3 loci in BECs and LECs, respectively. Treatment with CXCL12 and RSPO3 rescues the I/R‐induced intestinal damage in EC‐ and LEC‐Foxc mutant mice, respectively. This study provides evidence that FOXC1 and FOXC2 are required for intestinal regeneration by stimulating paracrine CXCL12 and Wnt signaling.
Microbial metabolites in chronic heart failure and its common comorbidities
Authors: Hua Sha , Lv Bomin , Qiu Zeping , Li Zhuojin , Wang Zhiyan , Chen Yanjia , Han Yanxin , Tucker Katherine L , Wu Hao , Jin Wei
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to identify microbial signatures that contribute to the shared etiologies between chronic heart failure (CHF), type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. The serum levels of 151 microbial metabolites were measured in 260 individuals from the Risk Evaluation and Management of heart failure cohort, and it was found that those metabolites varied by an order of 105 fold. Out of 96 metabolites associated with the three cardiometabolic diseases, most were validated in two geographically independent cohorts. In all three cohorts, 16 metabolites including imidazole propionate (ImP) consistently showed significant differences. Notably, baseline ImP levels were three times higher in the Chinese compared with the Swedish cohorts and increased by 1.1–1.6 fold with each additional CHF comorbidity in the Chinese population. Cellular experiments further supported a causal link between ImP and distinct CHF relevant phenotypes. Additionally, key microbial metabolite‐based risk scores were superior in CHF prognosis than the traditional Framingham or Get with the Guidelines‐Heart Failure risk scores. Interactive visualization of these specific metabolite‐disease links is available on our omics data server (https://omicsdata.org/Apps/REM‐HF/).
Work Accident at Sugar Farmers in Banyumas Regency
Authors: Ulfah Nur , Dardjito Endo , Harwanti Siti , Parmasari Damairia Hayu
Published: May 2023

A work accident is an accidental event in the employment relationship, including diseases of the working relationship, the accident that happened on the way go to work, and coming home in the usual way. Work accidents can be experienced by sugar farmers. In Banyumas Regency, there are about 26.580 Sugar farmers. Based on Kesra Setda Banyumas Regency, from 2017 to November 2019 there were 323 cases of sugar farmers accidents, with 236 disabilities and 87 deaths. The purpose is to analyze the risk factors of work accidents consisting of behavioral and environmental factors. The method is an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach. The sample was 200 people in Cilongok Districts. Data analysis includes univariate, bivariate, and multivariate. The results show that behavioral factors significantly associated with work accidents are breakfast status (p = 0,010) and unhealthy conditions (p = 0,002). Environmental factors significant to work accidents are past medical history (p = 0.000) and protein adequacy (p = 0,000). Recommendations for this research are socialization about the importance of breakfast and paying attention to the body condition before climbing, also training energy consumption diet of protein corresponding to the workload.
Directly Observed Treatment for Iron Tablet Supplements Consumption Among Female Senior High School Students
Authors: Meilani Niken , Setiyawati Nanik
Published: May 2023

Anemia is one of the reproductive health problems in adolescents. The incidence of anemia is still high in Indonesia. Supplementation of Iron tablets per week is one of the policies to decrease the anemia incident. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) for Iron Tablet Supplements. Consumption was observed in high school students for 12 weeks. This study was a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental design, with the experiment group being peers as DOT and the control group being guidance counseling teachers. This research was conducted from July to October 2019 in Sleman and Bantul. Samples used for both groups were 70 respondents. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate. The results of this study showed that the incidence of anemia for both groups was still high at 51.4% before giving the iron tablets to 34.3% after the tablets were given. The implementation of DOT in the consumption of iron tablets in the teacher group showed non-adherence to drinking iron tablet only 2.9% and by peers up to 31.4%. Observed by the teacher showed an effect on the difference in Hemoglobin levels before and after treatment with p=0.037 and peer as observed with p=0.247.
Fogging Effectiveness Based on Time and Location of DHF Cases (Study in Sleman Regency)
Authors: Kesetyaningsih Tri Wulandari , Kusbaryanto Kusbaryanto , Sulistyo Bambang , Listyaningrum Noviyanti , Satoto Tri Baskoro Tunggul
Published: May 2023

Dengue fever is a viral infection transmitted through the bite of the Aedes mosquito. Dengue fever is a public health problem worldwide, including in Indonesia. The increase in dengue cases is closely related to the presence of mosquito vectors. The prevention of dengue outbreaks is by fogging focus. Until now, there is no method to evaluate the effectiveness of focal fogging, yet many suspect that fogging focus is less effective because the incidence of DHF tends to increase over several decades. The study aims to find a method to evaluate the effectiveness of fogging with a spatial-temporal approach. It is an observational study using data on the incidence of DHF along with the date of illness, coordinates of DHF patients, and the date of fogging obtained from the District Health Office. Data processing is by ArcMap 10.5. Determination of the time limit and extent of protective fogging is based on the provision that if in the buffer area within a radius of 200 meters, there is more than one case of DHF on days 4-21 after the patient has a fever, then fogging is declared ineffective. There were 1,070 cases of DHF in 2008-2013 in Sleman Regency. 773 (72.24%) cases were fogged, while 290 were not. Of the 773 fogged cases, 59 (7.63%) were within the time and place of fogging protection. It means that the effectiveness of fogging in Sleman Regency reached 92.37%. Overall, there were 59 of 1,070 (5.5%) DHF cases came from ineffective fogging. By spatio-temporal approach, the fogging focus has been quite successful in suppressing the incidence of DHF in the Sleman Regency. In the future, it is necessary to consider fogging is focused other than in the patient’s house and surroundings.
A propósito de la deconstrucción de la teología política: Carl Schmitt, Jacques Derrida y el concepto de lo político
Authors: Navarrete Alonso R.
Published: May 2023

El interés de Jacques Derrida por el problema de la justicia significa un intento por deconstuir la determinación teológica de la política, auténtico núcleo de la doctrina de la soberanía elaborada por Carl Schmitt. El objeto del presente artículo será mostrar cómo el mesiánico sin mesianismo en que se resuelve la mencionada deconstrucción apunta hacia una idea de resistencia -gnoseológica, histórica y jurídico-política- sumamente afín al mensaje y la actividad misional del apóstol Pablo de Tarso.