bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extracellular vesicles transmit epithelial growth factor activity in the intestinal stem cell niche
Authors: Oszvald Ádám , Szvicsek Zsuzsanna , Sándor Gyöngyvér Orsolya , Kelemen Andrea , Soós András Áron , Pálóczi Krisztina , Bursics Attila , Dede Kristóf , Tölgyes Tamás , Buzás Edit I. , Zeöld Anikó , Wiener Zoltán
Published: November 2019

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane-surrounded vesicles that represent a novel way of intercellular communication by carrying biologically important molecules in a concentrated and protected form. The intestinal epithelium is continuously renewed by a small proliferating intestinal stem cell (ISC) population, residing at the bottom of the intestinal crypts in a specific microenvironment, the stem cell niche. By using 3D mouse and human intestinal organoids, we show that intestinal fibroblast-derived EVs are involved in forming the ISC niche by transmitting Wnt and epidermal growth factor (EGF) activity. With a mouse model that expresses EGFP in the Lgr5+ ISCs, we prove that loss in ISC number in the absence of EGF is prevented by fibroblast-derived EVs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that intestinal fibroblast-derived EVs carry EGF family members, such as amphiregulin. Mechanistically, blocking EV-bound amphiregulin inhibited the EV-induced survival of organoids. In contrast, EVs have no role in transporting R-Spondin, a critical niche factor amplifying Wnt signaling. Collectively, we prove the important role of fibroblast-derived EVs as a novel transmission mechanism of factors in the normal ISC niche.
The Release of Cosmic Cows
Authors: Valpey Kenneth R.
Published: November 2019

Three thousand years of India’s Sanskrit—and later Hindi—literature reveal persistent themes and motifs with respect to cows and the humans who engage with cows. From the Rigvedic hymns and the Upanishads, to the Bhagavata Purana and later bhakti poetry, emerge two polarities—one of value (between dharma and bhakti sensibilities) and the other of meaning (between literal and figurative senses of language). These two polarities converge in the Sanskrit term artha, which indicates both value and meaning. Thus cows as living beings and “cow” as a concept converge as a central locus of thought and action that strives for ethical integrity in all aspects of human life.
Surveying the Cow Care Field
Authors: Valpey Kenneth R.
Published: November 2019

This chapter examines current cow care practices in India, providing an overview of issues that concern persons—in particular persons who identify more or less as Hindus—who are directly or indirectly engaged with cow care. By the expression “cow care” is meant, minimally, intentional arrangements for bovines to be protected for the duration of their natural lives. What makes this practice different, or similar, to practices of agribusiness dairy farming or ranching? What are the special challenges of Hindu cow care, what are its rewards, and what claims do cow carers make about the benefits of cows maintained for their entire natural lives? Some specific cow care projects show a cross section of mainly Vaishnava Hindu practice, especially in northern and western India.
Concluding Ruminations
Authors: Valpey Kenneth R.
Published: November 2019

Seeing a utopia/dystopia binary emerging from the previous chapters, here the author discusses the Hindu notion of progressive cultural and environmental degradation characterizing the present age, kali-yuga. Does human nature’s apparent refusal to change condemn us and the planet to ever further degradation? Hinduism’s bhakti tradition shows a transformative process by which destructive habits—not least our dietary habits—can be reformed in a joyful way, by care-full, wise practices that affirm positive relationality with divinity. Such practices recover the aesthetic sense of wonder (adbhuta-rasa) essential to environmental care (including animals) and lead to the realization of Vraja-Vrindavan, as the realm of right and good interaction between humans and nonhuman animals.
Online-Abonnement-Vermarktung
Authors: Descloux Romain , Rumo Etienne
Published: November 2019

Die Online-Abonnement(Abo)-Vermarktung für Konsumgüter gilt als lukrativer Nischenmarkt im E-Commerce. Obwohl etablierte Firmen sowie Start-ups neue Konzepte erarbeiten, bleibt der Erfolg von Unternehmen eine Unbekannte. Davon ausgehend wurden im Rahmen des vorliegenden Beitrags die Schlüsselfaktoren des kuratierten Online-Abo-Marktes untersucht, die den Erfolg fördern. Bisher wurden keine branchenspezifischen Analysen durchgeführt, welche sich auf den Marketingmix im Online-Abo-Bereich beziehen. Aufgrund der identifizierten Lücken wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie Unternehmen anhand des Marketingmix-Ansatzes eine erfolgreiche Online-Abo-Vermarktung für Konsumgüter gestalten können. Im Mittelpunkt steht daher der kuratierte Online-Abomarkt. Im ersten Teil dieses Beitrages werden die Themen „Subscription economy“ und der Marketingmix behandelt. Im zweiten Teil des Beitrages folgt eine qualitative Bestandsaufnahme von vier untersuchten Fallstudien. Anhand einer Cross-Case-Untersuchung mit Bezug auf prozentuale Umsatz- und Abonnentenentwicklungen werden Schlüsselfaktoren für eine erfolgreiche Abo-Vermarktung herauskristallisiert. Die Kombination von konzeptioneller und empirischer Analyse erlaubt es, wichtige Schlüsselfaktoren für eine erfolgreiche Online-Abo-Vermarktung aufzuzeigen, welche auch für andere Online-Abo-Anbieter relevant sein dürften.
Digitale Transformation und Human Resource Management
Authors: Schellinger Jochen , Goedermans Marlies , Kolb Lars Patrick , Sebai Yassin
Published: November 2019

Die voranschreitende digitale Transformation elementarer Unternehmensprozesse schließt auch die betrieblichen Querschnittsfunktionen mit ein. Dies gilt in besonderem Maße für das Human Resource Management von Unternehmen, das sowohl als Objekt als auch als ein Treiber dieser digitalen Veränderungen in Erscheinung treten kann. Strategisch relevante Veränderungen wie Cloud Computing, Big Data und Social Media Management sowie Mobility-Trends wirken sich mittelbar und unmittelbar auch auf die Gestaltungsbereiche betrieblicher Personalarbeit aus. Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt sich theoretisch und empirisch mit der Frage nach der Relevanz und Konsequenz der Digitalisierung für das Personalmanagement in Schweizer Großunternehmen auseinander. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Vorstellung der Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Befragung von sechzehn HR-Managern führender Schweizer Großunternehmen aus verschiedensten Wirtschaftsbereichen und eines weltweit marktführenden eHR-Softwareanbieters. Grundlage hierfür war die Entwicklung eines Reifegradmodells, das versucht, die Digitalisierung anhand von acht Dimensionen des digitalen Wandels abgestuft zu spezifizieren. Die Schweizerische Unternehmenslandschaft scheint sich aufgrund der Erkenntnisse der Befragung in Bezug auf die Digitalisierung noch in einer Aufbauphase zu bewegen. Dies gilt auch hinsichtlich des Umsetzungsstands von Digital HRM-Ansätzen in den Unternehmen. Die Personalbereiche können und dürfen sich dem Digitalisierungstrend aber nicht verschließen und sollten künftig eine noch aktivere Rolle bei der Umsetzung von Digitalisierungsstrategien spielen.
Zoology of solid & fluid holography — Goldstone modes and phase relaxation
Authors: Baggioli Matteo , Grieninger Sebastian
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We provide a comprehensive classification of isotropic solid and fluid holographic models with broken translational invariance. We describe in detail the collective modes in both the transverse and longitudinal sectors. First, we discuss holographic fluid models, i.e. systems invariant under internal volume preserving diffeomorphisms. We consider the explicit (EXB) and the spontaneous (SSB) breaking of translations and we emphasize the differences with respect to their solid counterpart. Then, we present a study of the longitudinal collective modes in simple holographic solid and fluid models exhibiting the interplay between SSB and EXB. We confirm the presence of light pseudo-phonons obeying the Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner relation and the validity of the relation proposed in the literature between the novel phase relaxation scale, the mass of the pseudo-Golstone modes and the Goldstone diffusion. Moreover, we find very good agreement between the dispersion relation of our longitudinal sound mode and the formulae derived from the Hydro+ framework. Finally, our results suggest that the crystal diffusion mode does not acquire a simple damping term because of the novel relaxation scale proportional to the EXB. The dynamics is more complex and it involves the interplay of three modes: the crystal diffusion and two more arising from the splitting of the original sound mode. In this sense, the novel relaxation scale, which comes from the explicit breaking of the global internal shift symmetry of the Stückelberg fields, is different from the one induced by elastic defects, and depending solely on the SSB scale.
Finite N corrections to the superconformal index of orbifold quiver gauge theories
Authors: Arai Reona , Fujiwara Shota , Imamura Yosuke , Mori Tatsuya
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We investigate the AdS/CFT correspondence for quiver gauge theories realized on D3-branes put on abelian orbifolds by using the superconformal index. We assume that on the gravity side the finite N corrections of the index are reproduced by D3-branes wrapped on three particular three-cycles in the internal space

$$ \mathcal{Y} $$

Y

, the abelian orbifold of
S

5. We first establish the relation between baryonic charges on the gauge theory side and the D3-brane wrapping numbers and holonomies on D3-branes. Then we confirm our proposal by comparing the results of localization for gauge theories and the results on the AdS side including the contributions of D3-branes and excitation on them for many examples. We only focus on the leading finite N corrections starting from q

N
, and leave the sub-leading corrections starting at q

kN
(k ≥ 2) as a task for the future. We find complete agreement for the leading corrections in all examples.
Electroweak breaking and Higgs boson profile in the simplest linear seesaw model
Authors: Fontes Duarte , Romão Jorge C. , Valle J. W. F.
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We examine the simplest realization of the linear seesaw mechanism within the Standard Model gauge structure. Besides the standard scalar doublet, there are two lepton-number-carrying scalars, a nearly inert SU(2)L doublet and a singlet. Neutrino masses result from the spontaneous violation of lepton number, implying the existence of a Nambu-Goldstone boson. Such “majoron” would be copiously produced in stars, leading to stringent astrophysical constraints. We study the profile of the Higgs bosons in this model, including their effective couplings to the vector bosons and their invisible decay branching ratios. A consistent electroweak symmetry breaking pattern emerges with a compressed spectrum of scalars in which the “Standard Model” Higgs boson can have a sizeable invisible decay into the invisible majorons.
Which EFT
Authors: Falkowski Adam , Rattazzi Riccardo
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We classify effective field theory (EFT) deformations of the Standard Model (SM) according to the analyticity property of the Lagrangian as a function of the Higgs doublet H. Our distinction in analytic and non-analytic corresponds to the more familiar one between linearly and non-linearly realized electroweak symmetry, but offers deeper physical insight. From the UV perspective, non-analyticity occurs when the new states acquire mass from electroweak symmetry breaking, and thus cannot be decoupled to arbitrarily high scales. This is reflected in the IR by the anomalous growth of the interaction strength for processes involving many Higgs bosons and longitudinally polarized massive vectors, with a breakdown of the EFT description below a scale 𝒪 (4π𝜐). Conversely, analyticity occurs when new physics can be pushed parametrically above the electroweak scale. We illustrate the physical distinction between these two EFT families by discussing Higgs boson self-interactions. In the analytic case, at the price of some un-naturalness in the Higgs potential, there exists space for 𝒪 (1) deviations of the cubic coupling, compatible with single Higgs and electroweak precision measurements, and with new particles out of the direct LHC reach. Larger deviations are possible, but subject to less robust assumptions about higher-dimensional operators in the Higgs potential. On the other hand, when the cubic coupling is produced by a non-analytic deformation of the SM, we show by an explicit calculation that the theory reaches strong coupling at 𝒪 (4π𝜐), quite independently of the magnitude of the cubic enhancement.
Antihypertensive agents: a long way to safe drug prescribing in children
Authors: Siddiqi Nida , Shatat Ibrahim F.
Published: November 2019

Recently updated clinical guidelines have highlighted the gaps in our understanding and management of pediatric hypertension. With increased recognition and diagnosis of pediatric hypertension, the use of antihypertensive agents is also likely to increase. Drug selection to treat hypertension in the pediatric patient population remains challenging. This is primarily due to a lack of large, well-designed pediatric safety and efficacy trials, limited understanding of pharmacokinetics in children, and unknown risk of prolonged exposure to antihypertensive therapies. With newer legislation providing financial incentives for conducting clinical trials in children, along with publication of pediatric-focused guidelines, literature available for antihypertensive agents in pediatrics has increased over the last 20 years. The objective of this article is to review the literature for safety and efficacy of commonly prescribed antihypertensive agents in pediatrics. Thus far, the most data to support use in children was found for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), and calcium channel blockers (CCB). Several gaps were noted in the literature, particularly for beta blockers, vasodilators, and the long-term safety profile of antihypertensive agents in children. Further clinical trials are needed to guide safe and effective prescribing in the pediatric population.
Moral Consistency Reasoning Reconsidered
Authors: Paulo Norbert
Published: November 2019

Many contemporary ethicists use case-based reasoning to reach consistent beliefs about ethical matters. The idea is that particular cases elicit moral intuitions, which provide defeasible reasons to believe in their content. However, most proponents of case-based moral reasoning are not very explicit about how they resolve inconsistencies and how they abstract principles from judgments about particular cases. The aim of this article is to outline a methodology—called Consistency Reasoning Casuistry—for case-based reasoning in ethics. This methodology draws on Richmond Campbell and Victor Kumar’s naturalistic model for the resolution of inconsistencies between the content of intuitions about particular cases. I argue that reasons similar to those that motivate their model also support a more abstract form of moral reasoning that goes beyond mere resolutions of inconsistencies between case judgments and demands the formulation of more abstract moral norms. Consistency Reasoning Casuistry, it is argued, is a good candidate for a methodology for case-based moral reasoning that is in harmony with paradigms of contemporary moral psychology and that can accommodate the methodology implicit in the work of many contemporary ethicists.
Genetic variability of Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss. (Poaceae) at the non-native range limit
Authors: Drapikowska Maria , Buczkowska Katarzyna , Celka Zbigniew , Szkudlarz Piotr , Jackowiak Bogdan
Published: November 2019

Anthoxanthum aristatumBoiss. is native to southern and western Europe and North Africa. In Central Europe this species is recognized as invasive. Its ability to colonize various habitats may result from a high level of polymorphic isozyme loci and high morphological variability. The aim of this study was to recognize the degree of genetic diversity of the studied invasive species at its non-native range limit using molecular markers. The examined plant material consisted of 70 samples collected from 7 populations originating from various habitats: arable fields, recently abandoned field and sandy grassland. Ninety-six the Directed Amplification of Minisatellite-region DNA loci and 82 Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism loci were detected. The genetic diversity at the species level was high. The majority of genetic variation was present within populations (68% and 66%), while the remaining molecular variation was distributed among populations within and among habitat types. Specimens originating from sandy grassland populations were grouped together in one cluster that was genetically distinct from the arable field and fallow populations. The high genetic diversity populations at theA. aristatumnon-native range limit in Central Europe and their marked diversity in arable field and sandy grassland habitats suggest that this species may systematically cross both geographical and ecological barriers.
Synthesis and thermal characterization of luminescent hybrid composites based on bisphenol A diacrylate and NVP
Authors: Łyszczek Renata , Podkościelna Beata , Lipke Agnieszka , Ostasz Agnieszka , Puszka Andrzej
Published: November 2019

The synthesis and characterization of luminescent hybrid composites based on bisphenol A glycerolate (1 glycerol/phenol) diacrylate (BPA-Acr) as a cross-linking monomer and N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) as an active diluent, in the presence of UV initiator (Irgacure 651), are presented. Eu(III) and Tb(III) carboxylate complexes were added as luminescent components of composites. In their preparation, a constant concentration of the initiator (1%) and the BPA-Acr to NVP (10:3) ratio were applied. The structures of the obtained materials were confirmed by the infrared spectra (ATR-FTIR). Thermal properties of the cross-linked products were determined by different thermal analysis methods in air and nitrogen (TG–DTG–DSC and TG–FTIR). Thermal stability, pathways of thermal decomposition and volatile products of degradation were determined. Photoluminescence properties of the lanthanide complexes and the obtained composites were established. These materials can have the potential application as coatings filtering harmful UV radiation.
Perinatal risk factors for pulmonary hemorrhage in extremely low-birth-weight infants
Authors: Wang Ting-Ting , Zhou Ming , Hu Xue-Feng , Liu Jiang-Qin
Published: November 2019

Background

Pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) is a life-threatening respiratory complication of extremely low-birth-weight infants (ELBWIs). However, the risk factors for PH are controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the perinatal risk factors and short-term outcomes of PH in ELBWIs.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of live born infants who had birth weights that were less than 1000 g, lived for at least 12 hours, and did not have major congenital anomalies. A logistic regression model was established to analyze the risk factors associated with PH.

Results

There were 168 ELBWIs born during this period. A total of 160 infants were included, and 30 infants were diagnosed with PH. Risk factors including gestational age, small for gestational age, intubation in the delivery room, surfactant in the delivery room, repeated use of surfactant, higher FiO2 during the first day, invasive ventilation during the first day and early onset sepsis (EOS) were associated with the occurrence of PH by univariate analysis. In the logistic regression model, EOS was found to be an independent risk factor for PH. The mortality and intraventricular hemorrhage rate of the group of ELBWIs with PH were significantly higher than those of the group of ELBWIs without PH. The rates of periventricular leukomalacia, moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia and severe retinopathy of prematurity, and the duration of the hospital stay were not significantly different between the PH and no-PH groups.

Conclusions

Although PH did not extend hospital stay or increase the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, it increased the mortality and intraventricular hemorrhage rate in ELBWIs. EOS was the independent risk factor for PH in ELBWIs.
The bioarchaeology of mid-Holocene pastoralist cemeteries west of Lake Turkana, Kenya
Authors: Sawchuk Elizabeth A. , Pfeiffer Susan , Klehm Carla E. , Cameron Michelle E. , Hill Austin C. , Janzen Anneke , Grillo Katherine M. , Hildebrand Elisabeth A.
Published: November 2019

Early herders in eastern Africa built elaborate megalithic cemeteries ~ 5000 BP overlooking what is now Lake Turkana in northwestern Kenya. At least six ‘pillar sites’ were constructed during a time of rapid change: cattle, sheep, and goats were introduced to the basin as the lake was shrinking at the end of the African Humid Period. Cultural changes at this time include new lithic and ceramic technologies and the earliest monumentality in eastern Africa. Isolated human remains previously excavated from pillar sites east of Lake Turkana seemed to indicate that pillar site platforms were ossuaries for secondary burials. Recent bioarchaeological excavations at four pillar sites west of the lake have now yielded ≥49 individuals, most from primary and some from secondary interments, challenging earlier interpretations. Here we describe the mortuary cavities, and burial contexts, and included items such as adornments from Lothagam North, Lothagam West, Manemanya, and Kalokol pillar sites. In doing so, we reassess previous hypotheses regarding pillar site construction, use, and inter-site variability. We also present the first osteological analyses of skeletons buried at these sites. Although the human remains are fragmentary, they are nevertheless informative about the sex, age, and body size of the deceased and give evidence for health and disease processes. Periosteal moulds of long bone midshafts (n = 34 elements) suggest patterns of terrestrial mobility. Pillar site deposits provide important new insights into early herder lifeways in eastern Africa and the impact of the transition to pastoralism on past human populations.
Effect of the catalytic system and operating conditions on BTX formation using tetralin as a model molecule
Authors: Laredo Georgina C. , Pérez-Romo Patricia , Vega-Merino Pedro M. , Arzate-Barbosa Elva , García-López Alfonso , Agueda-Rangel Ricardo , Martínez-Moreno Victor H.
Published: November 2019

Light cycle oil (LCO) is an inexpensive feedstock for the production of high-added-commercial-value-mono-aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX). To extend the knowledge on the processing of LCO for BTX production, the hydrocracking reaction was studied using a commercial NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst, ZSM-5 zeolite and their mechanical mixtures (20/80, 30/70 and 50/50) for processing tetralin as model feedstock in a bench-scale-trickle-bed reactor at 450–500 °C, 3.9–5.9 MPa, 1.3 1/h and H2/feed volume ratio of 168–267 m3/m3. Accessible, well-dispersed and strong Brönsted acid sites eased the hydrocracking of tetralin to BTX and the metallic hydrogenation functions from nickel–molybdenum catalysts were also required to minimize deactivation. To achieve suitable tetralin conversions (86–95 wt%), high BTX selectivity in the liquid phase (44–70 wt%) and suitable catalytic activities for coke precursor hydrogenation (to reduce deactivation), NiMo/Al2O3//ZSM-5 mixtures (50–80 ZSM-5) were employed, which probed to be effective.
Different Residues Affect Wheat Nutritional Composition
Authors: Hirzel Juan , Undurraga Pablo , León Lorenzo , Panichini Marcelo , Carrasco Jorge , González Jorge , Matus Iván
Published: November 2019

Conservation agriculture using crop rotation benefits the environment, soil fertility, and crop production. A biannual rotation experiment during a period of 2 years was conducted in volcanic soil in south-central Chile in a production system under conservation agriculture. The experiment considered two previous crops, canola (Brassica napus L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and four levels of residue incorporation (0%, 50%, 100%, and 200% of generated residue). Grain yield (0.41 Mg ha−1), grain sedimentation value (5.5%), grain K (0.031%) and Ca (0.006%) concentrations, and residue K concentration (0.159%) were higher when the previous crop was bean. The Ca concentration (0.037%) in wheat residue increased after the canola crop. The different applied residue levels of the previous crop had no effect on any of the evaluated parameters in wheat. There was a very consistent negative correlation between the grain S concentration and the residue P (− 0.55), K (− 0.55), Mg (− 0.61), and S (− 0.63) concentrations in wheat when it was cultivated after bean. A larger number of study cycles are required to obtain more consistent results about the effect of the different residue levels on these two biannual rotations.
POWDERMET2019: Turning up the heat with ferrous PM
Authors: Capus Joseph
Published: November 2019

Technical sessions at POWDERMET2019 covered a number of issues important for producers of ferrous PM components. Lower material cost and higher component mechanical properties through modified composition and/or sintering conditions were addressed in presentations summarized here.
MATERIAL TURNS IN BRITISH HISTORY: II. CORRUPTION: IMPERIAL POWER, PRINCELY POLITICS AND GIFTS GONE ROGUE
Authors: Finn Margot C.
Published: November 2019

This address examines the ‘Old Corruption’ of Georgian Britain from the perspective of diplomacy and material culture in Delhi in the era of the East India Company. Its focus is the scandal that surrounded the sacking of Sir Edward Colebrooke, the Delhi Resident, during the reign of the penultimate Mughal emperor, Akbar II. Exploring the gendered, highly sexualised material politics of Company diplomacy in north India reveals narratives of agency, negotiation and commensurability that interpretations focused on liberal, Anglicist ideologies obscure. Dynastic politics were integral to both British and Indian elites in the nineteenth century. The Colebrooke scandal illuminates both the tenacity and the dynamic evolution of the family as a base of power in the context of nineteenth-century British imperialism.
MARY WILLIAMSON'S LETTER, OR, SEEING WOMEN AND SISTERS IN THE ARCHIVES OF ATLANTIC SLAVERY
Authors: Paton Diana
Published: November 2019

‘I was a few years back a slave on your property of Houton Tower, and as a Brown woman was fancied by a Mr Tumming unto who Mr Thomas James sold me.’ Thus begins Mary Williamson's letter, which for decades sat unexamined in an attic in Scotland until a history student became interested in her family's papers, and showed it to Diana Paton. In this article, Paton uses the letter to reflect on the history and historiography of ‘Brown’ women like Mary Williamson in Jamaica and other Atlantic slave societies. Mary Williamson's letter offers a rare perspective on the sexual encounters between white men and brown women that were pervasive in Atlantic slave societies. Yet its primary focus is on the greater importance of ties of place and family – particularly of relations between sisters – in a context in which the ‘severity’ of slavery was increasing. Mary Williamson's letter is a single and thus-far not formally archived trace in a broader archive of Atlantic slavery dominated by material left by slaveholders and government officials. Paton asks what the possibilities and limits of such a document may be for generating knowledge about the lives and experiences of those who were born into slavery.
THE POLITICS OF TIME AND STATE IDENTITY IN THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
Authors: Colla Marcus
Published: November 2019

The communist regimes of Eastern Europe carried a particular set of assumptions about the way past, present and future related to one another. In the case of the German Democratic Republic (the GDR), these assumptions manifested themselves in official language and propaganda as a defence of the regime's dynamic and forward-looking historicity against the ‘ahistorical’ and ‘nostalgic’ modes of understanding that supposedly typified the historical consciousness of its West German adversary. By this view, the German Federal Republic – and the capitalist West more generally – lacked both a meaningful past and a meaningful future. This article investigates how the East German regime articulated its historicity as a direct expression of its state identity. In particular, it examines how it sought to rationalise newly emerging historical and cultural practices in the GDR within the framework of a modern and progressive socialist historicity, and how it deployed these as an argument against the ‘nostalgic’ practices of the Federal Republic.
Yoma from Babylonia to Egypt: Ritual Function, Textual Transmission, and Sacrifice
Authors: Swartz Michael D.
Published: November 2019

As recent research has emphasized, the Mishnah tractate Yoma is a model par excellence of the category of Mishnah tractates that take the form of narrative and describe key institutions of the lost Temple and its rituals. But even among those tractates, Yoma is unique in that it served as a source for liturgical recitation in what became the Avodah liturgy. This paper will look at the complex relationships between textual transmission and liturgical recitation in the history of the tractate by examining internal and external textual evidence. In particular, this discussion includes a detailed analysis of a papyrus fragment from Oxyrhynchus that has received insufficient attention so far. It is argued from this evidence that the tractate's literary nature coalesced with the substance of the tractate to produce a virtual enactment of sacrifice for its reciters and performers.
Prävention im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Petermann Franz
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung. Präventionsansätze möchten wissenschaftlich fundierte Konzepte vor allem in Kindertagesstätten, Schulen, bezogen auf den Arbeitsplatz und in Pflegeheimen umsetzen. Auf der Basis spezifischer Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren über normale und abweichende Entwicklungsverläufe lassen sich alltagsintegrierte, altersspezifische und entwicklungsbezogene Präventionsansätze immer besser begründen und schließlich erfolgreich umsetzen. Entwicklungsbegleitenden schulbasierten Präventionsansätzen zur Förderung der sozial-emotionalen Kompetenz kommt aktuell eine besondere Bedeutung zu.
Identifying Actionable Compromises: Navigating Multi‐City Robustness Conflicts to Discover Cooperative Safe Operating Spaces for Regional Water Supply Portfolios
Authors: Gold D. F. , Reed P. M. , Trindade B. C. , Characklis G. W.
Published: November 2019

Regional cooperation among water utilities can improve the robustness of urban water supply systems to challenging and deeply uncertain futures. Through coordination mechanisms such as water transfers and regional demand management, water utilities can improve the efficiency of resource allocation and delay the need for new infrastructure investments. Though cooperation provides utilities with the potential for reduced cost strategies for improving the reliability of their services, two important challenges are worthy of careful consideration. First, regional utilities often have to navigate robustness conflicts stemming from potential asymmetries in their risk exposure, demand dynamics, and the availability of supply resources. Second, successful implementation of candidate compromise water portfolios requires that cooperating utilities understand their operational tolerances to deviations from the recommended regional actions (“imperfect implementation”). This study contributes a framework for identifying compromises across regional robustness conflicts and quantifying tolerances to implementation uncertainties. The framework is demonstrated on a system of four interdependent but institutionally independent water utilities in the Research Triangle region of North Carolina that are confronting robustness conflicts given asymmetries in their vulnerabilities to growing demands and hydroclimatic uncertainties. Our findings highlight that seemingly balanced compromise management strategies can yield significant and potentially surprising unintended consequences that could degrade regional cooperation. Moreover, asymmetries in regional robustness can be amplified with modest deviations from their agreed upon actions. Results of this analysis are broadly applicable to water supply regionalization as a global challenge and provide insights for discovering robust compromises and safe operating spaces for multi‐actor water supply systems.
Concomitant deletion of HRAS and NRAS leads to pulmonary immaturity, respiratory failure and neonatal death in mice
Authors: Fuentes-Mateos Rocío , Jimeno David , Gómez Carmela , Calzada Nuria , Fernández-Medarde Alberto , Santos Eugenio
Published: November 2019

We reported previously that adult (HRAS−/−; NRAS−/−) double knockout (DKO) mice showed no obvious external phenotype although lower-than-expected numbers of weaned DKO animals were consistently tallied after crossing NRAS-KO and HRAS-KO mice kept on mixed genetic backgrounds. Using mouse strains kept on pure C57Bl/6 background, here we performed an extensive analysis of the offspring from crosses between HRAS-KO and NRAS-KO mice and uncovered the occurrence of very high rates of perinatal mortality of the resulting DKO littermates due to respiratory failure during the first postnatal 24–48 h. The lungs of newborn DKO mice showed normal organ structure and branching but displayed marked defects of maturation including much-reduced alveolar space with thick separating septa and significant alterations of differentiation of alveolar (AT1, AT2 pneumocytes) and bronchiolar (ciliated, Clara cells) cell lineages. We also observed the retention of significantly increased numbers of undifferentiated progenitor precursor cells in distal lung epithelia and the presence of substantial accumulations of periodic acid-Schiff-positive (PAS+) material and ceramide in the lung airways of newborn DKO mice. Interestingly, antenatal dexamethasone treatment partially mitigated the defective lung maturation phenotypes and extended the lifespan of the DKO animals up to 6 days, but was not sufficient to abrogate lethality in these mice. RNA microarray hybridization analyses of the lungs of dexamethasone-treated and untreated mice uncovered transcriptional changes pointing to functional and metabolic alterations that may be mechanistically relevant for the defective lung phenotypes observed in DKO mice. Our data suggest that delayed alveolar differentiation, altered sphingolipid metabolism and ceramide accumulation are primary contributors to the respiratory stress and neonatal lethality shown by DKO mice and uncover specific, critical roles of HRAS and NRAS for correct lung differentiation that are essential for neonatal survival and cannot be substituted by the remaining KRAS function in this organ.
Auxin regulation involved in gynoecium morphogenesis of papaya flowers
Authors: Zhou Ping , Fatima Mahpara , Ma Xinyi , Liu Juan , Ming Ray
Published: November 2019

The morphogenesis of gynoecium is crucial for propagation and productivity of fruit crops. For trioecious papaya (Carica papaya), highly differentiated morphology of gynoecium in flowers of different sex types is controlled by gene networks and influenced by environmental factors, but the regulatory mechanism in gynoecium morphogenesis is unclear. Gynodioecious and dioecious papaya varieties were used for analysis of differentially expressed genes followed by experiments using auxin and an auxin transporter inhibitor. We first compared differential gene expression in functional and rudimentary gynoecium at early stage of their development and detected significant difference in phytohormone modulating and transduction processes, particularly auxin. Enhanced auxin signal transduction in rudimentary gynoecium was observed. To determine the role auxin plays in the papaya gynoecium, auxin transport inhibitor (N-1-Naphthylphthalamic acid, NPA) and synthetic auxin analogs with different concentrations gradient were sprayed to the trunk apex of male and female plants of dioecious papaya. Weakening of auxin transport by 10 mg/L NPA treatment resulted in female fertility restoration in male flowers, while female flowers did not show changes. NPA treatment with higher concentration (30 and 50 mg/L) caused deformed flowers in both male and female plants. We hypothesize that the occurrence of rudimentary gynoecium patterning might associate with auxin homeostasis alteration. Proper auxin concentration and auxin homeostasis might be crucial for functional gynoecium morphogenesis in papaya flowers. These results will lead to further investigation on the auxin homeostasis and gynoecium morphogenesis in papaya.
Microenvironmental IL1β promotes breast cancer metastatic colonisation in the bone via activation of Wnt signalling
Authors: Eyre Rachel , Alférez Denis G. , Santiago-Gómez Angélica , Spence Kath , McConnell James C. , Hart Claire , Simões Bruno M. , Lefley Diane , Tulotta Claudia , Storer Joanna , Gurney Austin , Clarke Noel , Brown Mick , Howell Sacha J. , Sims Andrew H. , Farnie Gillian , Ottewell Penelope D. , Clarke Robert B.
Published: November 2019

Dissemination of tumour cells to the bone marrow is an early event in breast cancer, however cells may lie dormant for many years before bone metastases develop. Treatment for bone metastases is not curative, therefore new adjuvant therapies which prevent the colonisation of disseminated cells into metastatic lesions are required. There is evidence that cancer stem cells (CSCs) within breast tumours are capable of metastasis, but the mechanism by which these colonise bone is unknown. Here, we establish that bone marrow-derived IL1β stimulates breast cancer cell colonisation in the bone by inducing intracellular NFkB and CREB signalling in breast cancer cells, leading to autocrine Wnt signalling and CSC colony formation. Importantly, we show that inhibition of this pathway prevents both CSC colony formation in the bone environment, and bone metastasis. These findings establish that targeting IL1β-NFKB/CREB-Wnt signalling should be considered for adjuvant therapy to prevent breast cancer bone metastasis.
Coherent control in the extreme ultraviolet and attosecond regime by synchrotron radiation
Authors: Hikosaka Y. , Kaneyasu T. , Fujimoto M. , Iwayama H. , Katoh M.
Published: November 2019

Quantum manipulation of populations and pathways in matter by light pulses, so-called coherent control, is currently one of the hottest research areas in optical physics and photochemistry. The forefront of coherent control research is moving rapidly into the regime of extreme ultraviolet wavelength and attosecond temporal resolution. This advance has been enabled by the development of high harmonic generation light sources driven by intense femtosecond laser pulses and by the advent of seeded free electron laser sources. Synchrotron radiation, which is usually illustrated as being of poor temporal coherence, hitherto has not been considered as a tool for coherent control. Here we show an approach based on synchrotron radiation to study coherent control in the extreme ultraviolet and attosecond regime. We demonstrate this capability by achieving wave-packet interferometry on Rydberg wave packets generated in helium atoms.
A multi-sample approach increases the accuracy of transcript assembly
Authors: Song Li , Sabunciyan Sarven , Yang Guangyu , Florea Liliana
Published: November 2019

Transcript assembly from RNA-seq reads is a critical step in gene expression and subsequent functional analyses. Here we present PsiCLASS, an accurate and efficient transcript assembler based on an approach that simultaneously analyzes multiple RNA-seq samples. PsiCLASS combines mixture statistical models for exonic feature selection across multiple samples with splice graph based dynamic programming algorithms and a weighted voting scheme for transcript selection. PsiCLASS achieves significantly better sensitivity-precision tradeoff, and renders precision up to 2-3 fold higher than the StringTie system and Scallop plus TACO, the two best current approaches. PsiCLASS is efficient and scalable, assembling 667 GEUVADIS samples in 9 h, and has robust accuracy with large numbers of samples.
Author Correction: Increased autophagy in EphrinB2-deficient osteocytes is associated with elevated secondary mineralization and brittle bone
Authors: Vrahnas Christina , Blank Martha , Dite Toby A. , Tatarczuch Liliana , Ansari Niloufar , Crimeen-Irwin Blessing , Nguyen Huynh , Forwood Mark R. , Hu Yifang , Ikegame Mika , Bambery Keith R. , Petibois Cyril , Mackie Eleanor J. , Tobin Mark J. , Smyth Gordon K. , Oakhill Jonathan S. , Martin T. John , Sims Natalie A.
Published: November 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Sex differences in brain correlates of STEM anxiety
Authors: Gonzalez Ariel A. , Bottenhorn Katherine L. , Bartley Jessica E. , Hayes Timothy , Riedel Michael C. , Salo Taylor , Bravo Elsa I. , Odean Rosalie , Nazareth Alina , Laird Robert W. , Sutherland Matthew T. , Brewe Eric , Pruden Shannon M. , Laird Angela R.
Published: November 2019

Anxiety is known to dysregulate the salience, default mode, and central executive networks of the human brain, yet this phenomenon has not been fully explored across the STEM learning experience, where anxiety can impact negatively academic performance. Here, we evaluated anxiety and large-scale brain connectivity in 101 undergraduate physics students. We found sex differences in STEM-related and clinical anxiety, with longitudinal increases in science anxiety observed for both female and male students. Sex-specific relationships between STEM anxiety and brain connectivity emerged, with male students exhibiting distinct inter-network connectivity for STEM and clinical anxiety, and female students demonstrating no significant within-sex correlations. Anxiety was negatively correlated with academic performance in sex-specific ways at both pre- and post-instruction. Moreover, math anxiety in male students mediated the relation between default mode-salience connectivity and course grade. Together, these results reveal complex sex differences in the neural mechanisms driving how anxiety is related to STEM learning.
Subsistence strategy changes during the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition reveals specific adaptations of Human Populations to their environment
Authors: Rendu William , Renou Sylvain , Soulier Marie-Cécile , Rigaud Solange , Roussel Morgan , Soressi Marie
Published: November 2019

The transition from Middle to Upper Paleolithic is a major biological and cultural threshold in the construction of our common humanity. Technological and behavioral changes happened simultaneously to a major climatic cooling, which reached its acme with the Heinrich 4 event, forcing the human populations to develop new strategies for the exploitation of their environment. The recent fieldwork at Les Cottés (France) transitional site offers a good opportunity to document subsistence strategies for this period and to provide for the first time high-resolution insights on its evolution. We present the results of the complete zooarchaeological and taphonomic analysis of the transitional sequence, associated with a large regional synthesis of the subsistence strategy evolution during the Middle to Upper Paleolithic. We conclude that, while there is no major change in the hunting strategies, the butchery activities evolved in strict correlation with the development of range weapons. In addition, the demise of carnivore seems to be a consequence of the human pressure on the environment. Our study demonstrates how the faunal component of the environment became a structuring element of the human social organization, being at the base of future cultural evolutions.
Gene network approach reveals co-expression patterns in nasal and bronchial epithelium
Authors: Imkamp Kai , Bernal Victor , Grzegorzcyk Marco , Horvatovich Peter , Vermeulen Cornelis J. , Heijink Irene H. , Guryev Victor , Kerstjens Huib A. M. , van den Berge Maarten , Faiz Alen
Published: November 2019

Nasal gene expression profiling is a new approach to investigate the airway epithelium as a biomarker to study the activity and treatment responses of obstructive pulmonary diseases. We investigated to what extent gene expression profiling of nasal brushings is similar to that of bronchial brushings. We performed genome wide gene expression profiling on matched nasal and bronchial epithelial brushes from 77 respiratory healthy individuals. To investigate differences and similarities among regulatory modules, network analysis was performed on correlated, differentially expressed and smoking-related genes using Gaussian Graphical Models. Between nasal and bronchial brushes, 619 genes were correlated and 1692 genes were differentially expressed (false discovery rate <0.05, |Fold-change|>2). Network analysis of correlated genes showed pro-inflammatory pathways to be similar between the two locations. Focusing on smoking-related genes, cytochrome-P450 pathway related genes were found to be similar, supporting the concept of a detoxifying response to tobacco exposure throughout the airways. In contrast, cilia-related pathways were decreased in nasal compared to bronchial brushes when focusing on differentially expressed genes. Collectively, while there are substantial differences in gene expression between nasal and bronchial brushes, we also found similarities, especially in the response to the external factors such as smoking.
Effects of knocking out three anthocyanin modification genes on the blue pigmentation of gentian flowers
Authors: Tasaki Keisuke , Higuchi Atsumi , Watanabe Aiko , Sasaki Nobuhiro , Nishihara Masahiro
Published: November 2019

Genome editing by the CRISPR/Cas9 system has recently been used to produce gene knockout lines in many plant species. We applied this system to analyze Japanese gentian plants that produce blue flowers because of the accumulation of a polyacylated anthocyanin, gentiodelphin. Mutant lines in which anthocyanin modification genes were knocked out were examined to assess the contribution of each gene to the blue pigmentation of flowers. The targeted genes encoded anthocyanin 5-O-glycosyltransferase (Gt5GT), anthocyanin 3′-O-glycosyltransferase (Gt3′GT), and anthocyanin 5/3′-aromatic acyltransferase (Gt5/3′AT). The Gt5GT knockout lines accumulated delphinidin 3G, whereas the Gt3′GT knockout lines accumulated delphinidin 3G-5CafG as the major flower pigment. Knocking out Gt5/3′AT resulted in the accumulation of delphinidin 3G-5G-3′G and delphinidin 3G-5G as the primary and secondary pigments, respectively. These results indicated the existence of two pathways mediating the modification of delphinidin 3G-5G in flowers, with one involving a glycosylation by 3′GT and the other involving an acylation by 5/3′AT. The Gt5GT, Gt3′GT, and Gt5/3′AT transformants produced pale red violet, dull pink, and pale mauve flowers, respectively, unlike the vivid blue flowers of wild-type plants. Thus, the glycosylation and subsequent acylation of the 3′-hydroxy group of the B-ring in delphinidin aglycone is essential for the development of blue gentian flowers.