bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ligamentum teres hepatis wrapping of the gastroduodenal artery stump protection in total laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy: a single-center experience
Authors: Yu Zongdong , Wu Xiang , Hu Xiaodong , Lu Jun , Fang Shenzhe , Wang Luoluo , Ruan Yi , Lu Yeting , Zhou Xinhua , Li Hong
Published: March 2023

Background
Stump hemorrhage of the gastroduodenal artery (GDA) is a significant postoperative risk of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). We determined whether wrapping the GDA stump with the ligamentum teres hepatis (LTH) would reduce postoperative pancreaticoduodenal bleeding.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 148 patients who underwent laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) at Li Huili Hospital of Ningbo Medical Center from November 2015 to September 2021. We compared perioperative data from 63 LPD patients without wrapping of the GDA (the unwrapped group) and 85 whose GDA stumps were wrapped (the wrapping group).
Results
There was no significant difference in the groups' baseline characteristics. The postoperative GDA stump bleeding incidence was significantly lower in the wrapped group than in the unwrapped group (7.9% vs. 0% p = 0.013). There was no significant difference in the incidence of other complications (e.g., intraabdominal infection, pancreatic fistula, biliary fistula, and gastrointestinal bleeding).
Conclusions
Using the LTH to wrap the GDA stump during LPD can reduce bleeding from the GDA stump but not the incidence of other complications.
Optimizing venous anastomosis angle for arteriovenous graft with intimal hyperplasia using computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Mok Sangkyun , Cho Seongsu , Lee Jihyeong , Kim Jang Yong , Yun Sang Seob , Park Young Jun , Park Sun Cheol , Lee Jinkee
Published: March 2023

Vascular access (VA), a renal failure therapy, is often performed using an arteriovenous (AV) graft for patients with veins and arteries that cannot be connected with autologous blood vessels. However, VA using AV grafts changes blood flow in the vein and damages vessels, leading to failure due to intimal hyperplasia (IH). The change in blood flow due to AV graft depends on various conditions, such as the anastomosis angle, IH shape, and position. In our study, we simulated the blood flow near the anastomosis between the vein and AV graft and investigated the effect of the anastomosis angleon blood vessel damage under various IH formation conditions. Blood vessel damage was quantitatively evaluated using hemodynamic factors, such as wall shear stress (WSS) and oscillatory shear index (OSI). We considered the flow rate decrease owing to IH formation in the vein for a realistic simulation. Our results show that a smaller anastomosis angle reduces damage to blood vessels and prevents IH formation and growth. This result is valid regardless of IH progression, shape, and position. These results can contribute to the optimization of the anastomosis angle during VA surgery to improve a patient’s prognosis.
Analysis of the Real-World Application Laws for Zhengan Xifeng Decoction in the Treatment of Hypertension Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Huan Jia-Ming , Cai Dan-Yang , Li Jie , Hua Zhen , Chen Xiao-Qing , Yang Wen-Qing , Hu Yuan-Long , Wang Yi-Fei , Li Yun-Lun
Published: March 2023

Hypertension is a common cardiovascular disease. Zhengan Xifeng Decoction (ZGXFD), a classic prescription for adjuvant treatment of hypertension, but its clinical application characteristics and biological information have not been comprehensively analysed. This study is based on real-world data from 7571 electronic medical records of hypertension patients treated by ZGXFD. The Apriori algorithm was used to obtain the coupled herbs of ZGXFD. A convolutional neural network was designed to measure the dose characteristic information of herbs. The topological features of the protein‒protein interaction data were used to analyse the biological information of herbs. The K-nearest neighbour model integrates the above characteristics of herbs into the same framework to observe the composition adjustment laws and mechanism of ZGXFD from multiple dimensions. Eighty-seven coupled herbs with dose characteristics were obtained. The results revealed that ZXGFD regulates cytokines and reduces the inflammatory response and metabolic disorder to achieve the purpose of adjuvant therapy. Moreover, machine learning model is used to analyze real-world data that include clinical and molecular biological data with hierarchical characteristics, which provides a micro-biological explanation for the clinical application of herbs.
Is robotic assistance more eye-catching than computer navigation in joint arthroplasty? A Google trends analysis from the point of public interest
Authors: Gao Jiaxiang , Xing Dan , Li Jiaojiao , Li Tong , Huang Cheng , Wang Weiguo
Published: March 2023

Computer-assisted navigation system (CAS) and robotic assisted surgery (RAS) have been widely used in joint arthroplasty, but few studies focused on public interest. We aimed to evaluate current trend and seasonality of public interest in CAS and RAS arthroplasty over the past 10 years, and forecast the future development. All data related to CAS or RAS arthroplasty from January 2012 to December 2021 were collected through Google Trends. Public interest was described by relative search volume (RSV). Pre-existing trend was evaluated by linear and exponential models. Time series analysis and ARIMA model were utilized to analyze the seasonality and future trend. R software 3.5.0 was for statistics analysis. Public interest in RAS arthroplasty has been continuously increasing (P < 0.001) and exponential model (R2=0.83, MAE=7.35, MAPE=34%, RSME=9.58) fitted better than linear one (R2=0.78, MAE=8.44, MAPE=42%, RSME=10.67). CAS arthroplasty showed a downtrend (P<0.01) with equivalent R2 (0.04) and accuracy measures (MAE=3.92, MAPE=31%, RSME=4.95). The greatest popularity of RAS was observed in July and October, while the lowest was in March and December. For CAS, a rise of public interest was in May and October, but lower values were observed in January and November. Based on ARIMA models, the popularity of RAS might continuously increase and nearly double in 2030, along with a stability with slight downtrend for CAS. Public interest in RAS arthroplasty has been continuously increasing and seems to maintain this uptrend in the next 10 years, whereas popularity of CAS arthroplasty will likely remain stable.
Detecting housing bubble in Poland: Investigation into two housing booms
Authors: Trojanek Radoslaw , Gluszak Michal , Tanas Justyna
Published: March 2023

The paper investigates the potential house price bubble in 18 provincial capital cities in Poland from 2000 to 2022. This is the first comprehensive effort to examine the house price exuberance throughout two housing market cycles (2000–2013 and 2014–2022, respectively). Additionally, we evaluate the risk of the housing bubble during a volatile era when the housing market in Poland was exposed to significant external shocks connected to COVID-19 and the War in Ukraine. During the 2006–2007 period, based on the price-to-income ratio, we observed explosive behaviour of house prices that is not justified by fundamentals in all cities examined. The length and precise timing of the bubble phases varied amongst regional cities. Despite this, the findings are consistent with earlier data from other nations, which adds credence to the idea that the 2007 housing bubble was a worldwide occurrence. Contrary to what is commonly believed and reported in the media, we have not seen any indications of irrational house price behaviour in Polish cities during the Covid-19 outbreak or the even more recent War in Ukraine. Contrary to the overwhelming evidence for the house price exuberance between 2006 and 2007, we conclude that there is no solid evidence of the existence of the housing bubble in recent years.
Haar wavelet collocation method for solving hyperbolic type double interfaces problem with discontinuous coefficients
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Farooq Muhammad Umar , Haider Nadeem
Published: March 2023

In this article, we considered wave propagation problems through heterogeneous media or hyperbolic type interface problems. A hybrid numerical technique is presented for the numerical solution (NS) of the these type of problems. The proposed method based on Haar wavelet collocation method (HWCM) and finite difference method (FDM). In this technique, the second order spatial partial derivative is approximated by truncated Haar wavelet series and temporal derivative is approximated by FDM. In case of linear hyperbolic interface problems, the resulting algebraic systems are solved by the Gauss elimination method. While in the case of nonlinear, the nonlinearity of the problem by using quasi-Newton linearization technique. The maximum absolute errors (MAEs), root mean square errors (RMSEs) and computational convergence rate (RcN ) are calculated by utilizing distinct collocation points (CPs). The convergence and stability analysis of the proposed technique are also discussed. Both the theoretical and numerical results affirms that the approximate solution catched the exact solution very well.
Macroevolutionary consequences of karyotypic changes in the neotropical Serrasalmidae fishes (Ostariophysi, Characiformes) diversification
Authors: Jacobina Uedson Pereira , Pontes Alany Itala , Costa Lucas , Sousa Gustavo
Published: March 2023

In the Neotropical region, one of the most diverse families of freshwater fishes is the monophyletic Serrasalmidae. Karyotypically, the family shows high diversity in chromosome numbers (2n = 54 to 64). However, little is discussed about whether the chromosomal changes are associated with cladogenetic events within this family. In the present study, we evaluated the role of chromosomal changes in the evolutionary diversification of Serrasalmidae. Our phylogenetic sampling included 36 species and revealed three main clades. The ancestral chromosome number reconstruction revealed the basic number 2n = 54 and a high frequency of ascending dysploid events in the most derived lineages. Our biogeographic reconstruction suggests an Amazonian origin of the family at 48 − 38 Mya, with independent colonization of other basins between 15 and 8 Mya. We did not find specific chromosomal changes or increased diversification rates correlated with the colonization of a new environment. On the other hand, an increase in the diversification rate was detected involving the genus Serrasalmus and Pygocentrus in the Miocene, correlated with the stasis of 2n = 60. Our data demonstrate that chromosomal rearrangements might have played an important evolutionary role in major cladogenetic events in Serrasalmidae, revealing them as a possible evolutionary driver in their diversification.
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-27b-3p alleviates liver fibrosis via downregulating YAP/LOXL2 pathway
Authors: Cheng Fang , Yang Fuji , Wang Yanjin , Zhou Jing , Qian Hui , Yan Yongmin
Published: March 2023

Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) is an extracellular copper-dependent enzyme that plays a central role in fibrosis by catalyzing the crosslinking and deposition of collagen. Therapeutic LOXL2 inhibition has been shown to suppress liver fibrosis progression and promote its reversal. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of human umbilical cord-derived exosomes (MSC-ex) in LOXL2 inhibition of liver fibrosis. MSC-ex, nonselective LOX inhibitor β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), or PBS were administered into carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced fibrotic livers. Serum LOXL2 and collagen crosslinking were assessed histologically and biochemically. MSC-ex’s mechanisms on LOXL2 regulation were investigated in human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2. We found that systemic administration of MSC-ex significantly reduced LOXL2 expression and collagen crosslinking, delaying the progression of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Mechanically, RNA-sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) indicated that miR-27b-3p was enriched in MSC-ex and exosomal miR-27b-3p repressed Yes-associated protein (YAP) expression by targeting its 3' untranslated region in LX-2. LOXL2 was identified as a novel downstream target gene of YAP and YAP bound to the LOXL2 promoter to positively regulate transcription. Additionally, the miR-27b-3p inhibitor abrogated the anti-LOXL2 abilities of MSC-ex and diminished the antifibrotic efficacy. miR-27b-3p overexpression promoted MSC-ex mediated YAP/LOXL2 inhibition. Thus, MSC-ex may suppress LOXL2 expression through exosomal miR-27b-3p mediated YAP down-regulation. The findings here may improve our understanding of MSC-ex in liver fibrosis alleviation and provide new opportunities for clinical treatment.
New distribution records of fish species found in the Central Arctic Ocean
Authors: Zhang Ran , Li Hai , Wang Rui , Song Puqing , Li Yuan , Lin Longshan
Published: March 2023

The melting of sea ice in the Central Arctic Ocean (CAO) is more severe than previously expected. When this physical barrier disappears, fishing vessels without ice-breaking capability may enter the CAO ifprofitable. The international community has repeatedly called for this issue to be considered with the potential of adverse ecological consequences usually caused by unregulated fisheries.In 2021, the Agreement to Prevent Unregulated High Seas Fisheries in the Central Arctic Ocean, which took nine nations and the European Union years to negotiate, finally entered into force. The Agreementdemonstrated the lack of knowledge about CAO fishes and encouraged scientists to conduct surveys. The Scientific Coordinating Group (SCG) of the Preparatory Conference for the Agreement has had several discussions in order to provide the best available scientific information. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the fish surveys of the Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition (CHINARE) for devoting to establish the fish composition and distribution baselines, because the CHINARE has the largest number of voyages and stations in the region. In the present study, we report a list of 30 fish species in the CAO, including the first occurrence of six fish species.
Human-centric and Semantics-based Explainable Event Detection: A Survey
Authors: Kolajo Taiwo , Daramola Olawande
Published: March 2023

In recent years, there has been a surge in interest in artificial intelligent systems that can provide human-centric explanations for decisions or predictions. No matter how good and efficient a model is, users or practitioners find it difficult to trust such model if they cannot understand the model or its behaviours. Incorporating explainability that is human-centric in event detection systems is significant for building a decision-making process that is more trustworthy and sustainable. Human-centric and semantics-based explainable event detection will achieve trustworthiness, explainability, and reliability, which are currently lacking in AI systems. This paper provides a survey on the human-centric explainable AI, explainable event detection, and semantics-based explainable event detection by answering some research questions that bother on the characteristics of human-centric explanations, the state of explainable AI, methods for human-centric explanations, the essence of human-centricity in explainable event detection, research efforts in explainable event solutions, and the benefits of integrating semantics into explainable event detection. The findings from the survey show the current state of human-centric explainability, the potential of integrating semantics into explainable AI, the open problems, and the future directions which can serve as steppingstones for researchers in the explainable AI domain.
The connection between diverticulosis and colonic superficial neoplastic lesions in patients who underwent screening colonoscopy
Authors: Valvano Marco , Vezzaro Valeria , Fabiani Stefano , Capannolo Annalisa , Sgamma Emanuele , Cesaro Nicola , Valerii Giorgio , Longo Salvatore , Barbera Carmelo , Lombardi Loreto , Viscido Angelo , Necozione Stefano , Latella Giovanni
Published: March 2023

Purpose
If could be a potential pathophysiological connection between colonic diverticula and colonic superficial neoplastic lesions, beyond the shared risk factors, has been a subject of debate in the last years.
This study tries to evaluate the association between diverticulosis and colonic neoplastic lesions.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional study including asymptomatic patients who underwent a screening colonoscopy (patients with a positive fecal occult blood test under the regional program of CRC screening), surveillance after polypectomy resection, or familiarity (first-degree relatives) between 2020-2021 to evaluate the association between diverticula and colonic polyps.
A multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression and odds ratio (OR) to study the independent association between adenomas and adenocarcinomas was performed.
Results
1501 patients were included. A statistically significant association between adenomas or CRC alone and colonic diverticula was found (p = 0.045).
On a multivariate analysis of demographic (age, gender) and clinical parameters (familiarity for diverticula and polyps/CRC), only age was significantly associated with the development of colorectal adenomas or cancer (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03– 1.07, p < 0.0001).
Conclusions
This study showed a statistically significant association between diverticula and colonic adenomas. However, it is impossible to establish a cause-effect relationship due to the intrinsic characteristics of this study design.
A study with a prospective design including both patients with diverticulosis and without colonic diverticula aimed at establishing the incidence of adenoma and CRC could help to answer this relevant clinical question, since a potential association, could indicate the need for closer endoscopic surveillance.
Persistent IL-6 expression is induced in the olfactory bulb of arthritis model mice before the onset of arthritis
Authors: Otani Kazuhiro , Yoshiga Masayuki , Hirano Masashi , Matsushita Takayuki , Noda Kentaro , Kurosaka Daitaro
Published: March 2023

Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is complicated by psychiatric symptoms. There are many reports of abnormalities in the brains of RA patients and models of arthritis. However, it is unclear when these abnormalities appear and where they are distributed. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal gene expression changes in the brains of mice with collagen-induced arthritis.
Methods
Mice were divided into three groups: i) collagen-induced arthritis (all mice developed arthritis on day 35): complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) and type II collagen at initial immunization, and incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA) and type II collagen at booster immunization; ii) C(+/-) (50% mice developed arthritis on day 35): only IFA at booster immunization; and iii) C(-/-) (no arthritis): only CFA at initial immunization and only IFA at booster immunization. Whole brains were collected at 10 stages of arthritis and divided into six sections. RT-PCR was performed using RNA extracted from the divided brains, and the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines and glial markers were semi-quantified. At the same time, the arthritis score, body weight, and food and water intake were recorded and analyzed for correlation with brain gene expression.
Results
After booster immunization, a transient increase in ITGAM and IL-1β was observed in multiple areas. Interestingly, IL-6 was persistently expressed before the onset of arthritis in the olfactory bulb (OB), which correlated with body weight loss and decreased food intake. This characteristic change in the OB was similarly observed in the C(+/-), but not in the C(-/-). Furthermore, in the C(+/-), non-arthritis mice showed the same changes in the OB as the arthritis mice. This elevation of IL-6 persisted throughout the chronic phase to day 84.
Conclusion
Persistent elevation of IL-6 in the OB from the early stage of arthritis may be an important finding that might explain the neuropsychiatric pathophysiology of RA, which is present in the early stages of disease, and presents as a variety of symptoms over time. These findings also support the idea that the OB may be affected in early disease and persistently under particular peripheral immunoinflammatory conditions, as has been reported in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases.
Coherent Manipulation of Wavelength Interrogation Sensitivity of Surface Plasmon Polariton waves Using Grating and Dielectric Geometry
Authors: Khan Qaisar , khan Aizaz , bacha Bakht Amin , khan Majid , khesro Amir
Published: March 2023

The work presents coherent manipulation of wavelength interrogation sensitivity of surface plasmon polariton waves (SPPs) with respect to refractive index dλ/dnd. Significant control in sensitivity is reported with probe and control field detunings and Rabi frequency as well as decay rates. The order of diffraction and grating period of the slide play an important role in the manipulation of wavelength interrogation of sensitivity. The sensitivity increases with increasing grating period and decreases with increasing order of diffraction. The sensitivity is oscillation function of probe field detuning and Rabi frequency. A maximum value of sensitivity is reported to 800nm/RIU with probe field detuning and Rabi frequency, while minimum value of sensitivity is investigated up to 60nm/RIU with probe field detuning and decay rates. The reported results might have benefits in biomedical and optical technologies.
Conducting a systematic review and evaluation of commercially available mobile applications (apps) on a health-related topic: the TECH approach and a step-by-step methodological guide
Authors: Gasteiger Norina , Dowding Dawn , Norman Gill , McGarrigle Lisa , Eost-Telling Charlotte , Jones Debra , Vercell Amy , Ali Syed Mustafa , O’Connor Siobhan
Published: March 2023

Objectives: To provide an overview of the methodological considerations for conducting commercial smartphone health app reviews (mHealth reviews), with the aim of systematising the process and supporting high-quality evaluations of mHealth apps.
Design: Synthesis of our research team’s experiences of conducting and publishing various reviews of mHealth apps and hand-searching the top medical informatics journals (e.g., The Lancet Digital Health, npj Digital Medicine, Journal of Biomedical Informatics, and the Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association) over the last five years (2018-2022) to identify other app reviews to contribute to the discussion of this method and supporting framework for developing a research (review) question and determining the eligibility criteria.
Results: We present seven steps to support rigour in conducting app reviews in health: 1) writing a research question, 2) conducting scoping searches and developing the protocol, 3) determining the eligibility criteria using the TECH framework, 4) conducting the final search and screening of health apps, 5) data extraction, 6) quality, functionality, and other assessments and 7) analysis and synthesis of findings. We introduce the novel TECH approach to developing review questions and the eligibility criteria, which considers the Target user, Evaluation focus, Connectedness, and the Health domain. Patient and public involvement and engagement opportunities are acknowledged, including co-developing the protocol and undertaking quality or usability assessments.
Conclusion: Commercial mHealth app reviews can provide important insights into the health app market, including the availability of apps and their quality and functionality. We have outlined seven key steps for conducting rigorous health app reviews in addition to the TECH acronym, which can support researchers in writing research questions and determining the eligibility criteria. Future work will include a collaborative effort to develop reporting guidelines and a quality appraisal tool to ensure transparency and quality in systematic app reviews.
The effect of Dexmedetomidine on suppression of the Bispectral Index Score and hemodynamic response during laryngoscopy and intubation in addicted patients in supratentorial brain tumor surgery
Authors: Asgari Sogol , Behnaz Faranak , Ommi Davood , Zandpazandi Sara
Published: March 2023

Background
Dexmedetomidine is an α2-adrenoceptor agonist that has good sedative effects with no cardiovascular instability or respiratory depression, and it might help facilitate endotracheal resection and inhibit hemodynamic responses. This study's objective was to assess how intravenous Dexmedetomidine affected cardiovascular response and endotracheal intubation in opium-addict patients.
Materials and Methods
This study is a clinically randomized double-blind controlled trial. 100 patient with a diagnosis of supratentorial brain tumor undergoing tumor resection surgery with general anesthesia entered this study. One group received Dexmedetomidine (1 /µg / kg for 10 minutes) before induction of anesthesia. The same amount of normal saline (placebo) was administered in the second group. the two groups were analyzed statistically regarding BP, HR, and BIS, which were recorded before induction of anesthesia, one minute after induction of anesthesia, and one minute after intubation. The statistical tests used for analysis are the student T-test, Mann-Whitney non-parametric test, the chi-Square test, and Fisher's exact test.
Results
Heart Rate, Systolic blood pressure, and Bispectral Index scores in the intervention group decreased one minute after anesthesia induction and after intubation compared to the control group. Diastolic Blood Pressure after induction of anesthesia was not significantly different between the two groups, however, it decreased following the intervention after intubation (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
Dexmedetomidine suppressed hemodynamic response and BIS score in opium-addict patients compared to the control group.
Spatial ability test for university students: Development, validity and reliability studies
Authors: AÇIKGÜL Kübra , ŞAD Süleyman Nihat , ALTAY Bilal
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to develop a useful test to measure university students’ spatial abilities validly and reliably. Following a sequential explanatory mixed methods research design, first, qualitative methods were used to develop the trial items for the test; next, the psychometric properties of the test were analyzed through quantitative methods using data obtained from 456 university students. As a result, a multiple-choice spatial ability test with 27 items and five options was created, divided into three subtests: spatial relations, spatial visualization, and spatial orientation. The results suggested that scores obtained from the spatial ability test and its subtests are valid and reliable.
Seven-dimensional super Yang-Mills at negative coupling
Authors: Minahan Joseph A. , Naseer Usman , Thull Charles
Published: March 2023

We consider the partition function for Euclidean
SU(N)SU(N)
super Yang-Mills on a squashed seven-sphere. We show that the
localization locus of the partition function has instanton membrane
solutions wrapping the six ``fixed" three-spheres on the
\mathbb{S}^7𝕊7.
The ADHM variables of these instantons are fields living on the membrane
world volume. We compute their contribution by localizing the resulting
three-dimensional supersymmetric field theory. In the round-sphere limit
the individual instanton contributions are singular, but the
singularities cancel when adding the contributions of all six
three-spheres. The full partition function on the
{\mathbb S}^7𝕊7
is well-defined even when the square of the effective Yang-Mills
coupling is negative. We show for an SU(2)SU(2)
gauge theory in this regime that the bare negative tension of the
instanton membranes is canceled off by contributions from the instanton
partition function, indicating the existence of tensionless membranes.
We provide evidence that this phase is distinct from the usual weakly
coupled super Yang-Mills and, in fact, is gravitational.
Pendampingan Sosialisasi Cemaran Khamr dan Alkohol Dalam Makanan Sebagai Persiapan Menghadapi Sertifikasi Halal
Authors: Sari Dewi Hambar , Tanfidiyah Nur
Published: March 2023

One of the food-product halalness indicator is the absence of alcohol. In this case, traders as business actors must know about the contamination of khamr and alcohol in food ingredients that are traded so as not to endanger themselves and consumersas a condition when applying for halal certification. Because the content of khamr and alcohol besides endangering health, the Qur'an also clearly forbids them.Therefore this community service aims to increase the knowledge of shop owners around IAIN Surakarta regarding the contamination of khamr and alcohol in food as an effort to prepare for halal certification. This activity is carried out using the socialization method, namely by giving lectures and questions and answers to 10 food stall owners. Activity evaluation is carried out by providing a pre-test and post-test on the topic presented. From this community service activity, there was an increase in knowledge which could be seen from the pre-test and post-test scores, which were respectively 36 and 86. Specifically, the increase in knowledge about the definition of alcohol and khamr was 50%, the rules of the beverage trade. alcohol in Indonesia is 50%, types of alcoholic drinks are 60%, and the law of alcohol and khamr in Islam is 30%.
FORMALITY OF SPEECH IN COMMUNICATIVE BEHAVIOR (BASED ON THE FIRST BILINGUAL PHRASEBOOKS)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Baeva Galina A.
Published: March 2023

In the article based on the first Low German-Russian phrasebook (Tönnies Fenne’s Low German Manual of Spoken Russian. Pskov, 1607), recorded by the merchant from Lubeck Tony Fenne for the implementation of elementary business and everyday communicative interaction during the period of trade relations between Russia and the Hanseatic League, the formulaic statements are considered, i. e. repetitive, standardized replicas consisting of one or several words, selected and used by native speakers to a large extent automatically based on their life and communicative experience, depending on the communication situation and on the basis of associative connections developed by practice. The main attention in the article is focused on formulaic statements that contribute to the establishment of contact and its maintenance. Contact-establishing formulas include greeting formulas, also associated with wishes and thanks, dating formulas and appeals. Among the formulas used to maintain a conversation, the article highlights requests and wishes characteristic of everyday and business communication. A special place among the contact-supporting formulas is occupied by metacommunicative statements that direct the dialogue in the right direction from the speaker’s point of view. Formulaic utterances with the lexeme God are defined in the article as multifunctional, which can be used both in situations of establishing contact, and its maintenance and termination and combine greetings, wishes of health, success, good luck, gratitude, assurances of God’s help, etc. An important place in the phrasebook is given to paremia — various maxims, proverbs and sayings that are also multifunctional and are used in various communicative situations as generalizing instructive statements. Refs 24.
ABOUT THE BOUNDARY MARKERS OF THE TRANSITION PERIODS: LYRICAL DIGRESSIONS IN THE FICTION BY ANTON CHEKHOV
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Vasileva Irina
Published: March 2023

Anton Chekhov is generally acknowledged as a writer who symbolizes a transition period, marks the end of the Classical Russian literature of the 19th century and establishes the basics of the poetics of the 20th century. Scholars are traditionally focused on Chekhov’s innovations but not on the connections with the previous tradition. This contribution makes an attempt to reassess the aspect of Chekhov’s poetics which could be called historical “form’s thinking” (in Alexander Mikhailov’s terminology). I mean the features of tradition which result from historical dynamics of culture and are beyond individual principles of artistic consciousness. In the culture prior to the New Age, topos was a form which included both principles and ways of thinking. In this research I analyze lyrical digressions in the Russian fiction of the 19th century which correlate with topoi on the basis of their constitution. The strategy of lyrical digressions rests on the movement between two poles of the being: historical and eternal, individual and universal, etc. Before Chekhov, this movement was strictly hierarchical. In Chekhov’s lyrical digressions one can easily notice a shift of semantic coordinates when the concrete and the situational becomes valuable. However, the poles themselves (individual and universal) and the movement between them remain invariable. It is possible to claim that Chekhov’s poetics although discovers the boundaries of semantic dynamics of the lyrical digressions (as a constant form) is not aware of any other principle of thinking. This fact distinguishes Chekhov from his younger contemporaries and makes him the writer of the classical 19th century. Refs 20.
TEXTS ABOUT THE SCIENTIST: THE CONTENT OF THE COMMENTARY IN THE ASPECT OF RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Voznesenskaya Irina M.
Published: March 2023

The effectiveness of foreign languages teaching (and Russian as a foreign language) is determined, in particular, by the quality of the commentary accompanying the texts used in the educational process. In teaching foreign languages lexical and grammatical commentary is usually used to remove language difficulties, as well as cultural comments on some words and expressions explain to foreign students the specific phenomena of Russian culture. However, difficulties in understanding the text when studying Russian as a foreign language indicate the need to expand both the objects of comment and the content of the comment itself. The solution of this applied problem directly depends on linguistic knowledge that reveals the categories and units of the text, the peculiarities of its semantic composition, the specific speech organization caused by a particular type of text. Texts about scientists are relevant in teaching a foreign language. They showed the relevance of three varieties: 1) texts implementing the semantic model “A person and his actions” (tell about the activities of a scientist); 2) texts implementing the model “A Person and his qualitative characteristics” (express an assessment of the personality of a scientist, convey an opinion about a scientist); 3) texts combining the first two types. This third type usually placed in a more general, abstract context of reasoning (related to a particular problem of scientific activity of a scientist). Commentary as a possible tool for interpreting texts of these types indicates the necessary objects of training commenting, revealing their content in accordance with the text-characteristics of a particular type of text. Comments allow you to introduce lexical and syntactic material that ensures the implementation of author’s intentions, to reveal the information structure of the text, implications, logical and semantic connections of the components of the text structure. As a material for analysis and its interpretation are used: 1) educational text Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev, 2) text fragments from the book by M. Buras Linguists who came from the cold (2022), 3) essay by E. Vodolazkin The Truth about Schliemann (2015). Refs 13.
TEXTS ABOUT THE SCIENTIST: THE CONTENT OF THE COMMENTARY IN THE ASPECT OF RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Gurova Elena A.
Published: March 2023

The effectiveness of foreign languages teaching (and Russian as a foreign language) is determined, in particular, by the quality of the commentary accompanying the texts used in the educational process. In teaching foreign languages lexical and grammatical commentary is usually used to remove language difficulties, as well as cultural comments on some words and expressions explain to foreign students the specific phenomena of Russian culture. However, difficulties in understanding the text when studying Russian as a foreign language indicate the need to expand both the objects of comment and the content of the comment itself. The solution of this applied problem directly depends on linguistic knowledge that reveals the categories and units of the text, the peculiarities of its semantic composition, the specific speech organization caused by a particular type of text. Texts about scientists are relevant in teaching a foreign language. They showed the relevance of three varieties: 1) texts implementing the semantic model “A person and his actions” (tell about the activities of a scientist); 2) texts implementing the model “A Person and his qualitative characteristics” (express an assessment of the personality of a scientist, convey an opinion about a scientist); 3) texts combining the first two types. This third type usually placed in a more general, abstract context of reasoning (related to a particular problem of scientific activity of a scientist). Commentary as a possible tool for interpreting texts of these types indicates the necessary objects of training commenting, revealing their content in accordance with the text-characteristics of a particular type of text. Comments allow you to introduce lexical and syntactic material that ensures the implementation of author’s intentions, to reveal the information structure of the text, implications, logical and semantic connections of the components of the text structure. As a material for analysis and its interpretation are used: 1) educational text Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev, 2) text fragments from the book by M. Buras Linguists who came from the cold (2022), 3) essay by E. Vodolazkin The Truth about Schliemann (2015). Refs 13.
TERMS DERIVED FROM THE STEM CONCEPTIN V. V. KOLESOV’S COGNITIVE METAPHORS
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Donina Lyudmila N. , Kupchik Elena V. ,   Tyumen State University
Published: March 2023

In this article we discuss cognitive metaphors related to the conceptual field of language, as represented in V. V. Kolesov’s heritage, particularly in his theory of concepts. Initial data were collected from Kolesov’s scholarly researches and nonfiction books published in the last 20 years (2001–2021). In arranging the data we considered such factors as the character of metaphorical expressions, as well as the internal connection between the source and goal areas. Our article is probably the first to tackle the structure of V. V. Kolesov’s cognitive metaphors impicitly underlying the basic terms of conceptology, such as “concept”, “conceptum”, “idea” (Russian kontsept, kontseptum, contseptsiya respectively). The background agaist which these metaphors are demonstrated, is formed by the scholar’s metaphoric ideas of various language phenomena. We also determine the peculiarities of the metaphoric way of defining terms, as well as its place among other definition types. Sometimes metaphorical expressions are used as terms (cf. “conceptum” vs “the grain of primordial sense”), but more often is the situation when they are included into the structure of definitions. Whenever “conceptum” is described using the method of semantic constants, metaphors are primarily concentrated in such parts as “base” and “conditions”. The number of metaphors grow if a notion is relatively new and if the metatext underlying the constant is of metaphoric nature. We can attest multiple metaphors pertaining to linguistic and cognitive phenomena, which differ as to their topics, structure and implementation range. Metaphorical models are used to describe both objects related to language as a whole, and those related to its elements, segmental and suprasegmental units, basic language concepts, language rules and processes. Our corpus of metaphorical models includes vital, anthropomorphic, zoomorphic, phytomorphic, physical, objective and other metaphors. We can single out the most common of them, namely “language as a human being”, “language as a plant”, “language as an object” and “language as material”. It can be claimed without doubt that metaphorical expressions are inseparable part of V. V. Kolesov’s scholarly style. Refs 11.
EXPRESSION OF MODAL MEANINGS IN CONSTRUCTIONS OF POSITIONAL-LEXICAL REPETITION IN THE NOVEL TEXT BY D. GLOUKHOVSKY
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kazakov Vladimir P.
Published: March 2023

The article features special aspects of the expression of modal meanings in the constructions of positional-lexical repetition based on the novel Text by D. Gloukhovsky. The ways of expressing the modal meanings of possibility, necessity, reliability, desirability, affirmation/ negation are being analyzed with the help of the method of linguistic observation and description. The method of unselected sampling has revealed cases of positional-lexical repetition in neighboring sentences with markers of modal meanings. It has been established that the ways of expressing these meanings in the novel ’Text’ are those that are considered basic for the grammatical system of the Russian language as a whole: modal verbs (moch’, khotet’), words of the category of state with a modal meaning (mozhno, nuzhno) in combination with an infinitive, modal words (mozhet), words da and net. The peculiarity of repetition constructions in the novel Text demonstrates that modal meanings in them appear, as a rule, with a minus sign: uncertainty, unwillingness, unrealistic desire, impossibility, denial. An important factor influencing the formation of modal meanings in the constructions of positional-lexical repetition is the context which makes it possible to identify implicit increments of meaning, also including the reflection of the emotions experienced by the character. The correct interpretation of modal meanings, even in such relatively closed space as the construction of positional-lexical repetition, is impossible without referring to the textual modality, which is shows itself in the characterization of the character. The analyzed cases of repetition refer to the experienced speech of the main character of the novel and illustrate his search for answers to the emerging questions, the choice of the right decision in a stressful situation, his state of excitement or a feeling of regret. Fears and worries, hopes and doubts determine the general sentiment of the text of the novel, and all these reveal themselves in modal meanings, explicitly and implicitly presented in the constructions of positional-lexical repetition. Refs 9.
MODERN NORTH RUSSIAN FAIRY TALE TRADITION
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Marinicheva Julia J.
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the modern North Russian fairy tale tradition. My colleagues and I have many years of field experience in the villages of the Mezen River basin led to the need to find justification for other new forms of fixation and publication of fairy tales. We understand by a fairy tale, first of all, a speech work that occupies a special position in the situation of communication between the storyteller and his listeners, which turn out to be, including folklorists. Interviews in which our villagers mention fairy tales can be divided into two types: interviews-memories of how they themselves listened to fairy tales (most often when they were children); interviews in which the interlocutors explain how they themselves told/tell fairy tales to their children or grandchildren; finally, interviews, which are accompanied by the performance of a fairy tale to us, folklorists. For a very long time, the first two types of interviews were not the focus of research interest. Folklorists were interested in fairy tales addressed to themselves or told in their presence. Refs 16.
ON COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LINGUISTIC COMPLEXITY OF ALBANIAN AND SOUTH SLAVIC DIALECTS
Authors:   Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Morozova Maria S. , Rusakov Alexander Yu. ,   Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2023

The article discusses approaches to the measurement and comparative study of linguistic complexity of the Balkan dialects, genetically related to different languages. At this stage Albanian and South Slavic dialects were considered. Based on dialect descriptions and atlases, 948 South Slavic and 131 Albanian locations in the Balkan Peninsula were surveyed. Significant differences between the tentative “common Albanian” and “common Slavic” states, taken as reference points for measuring complexity, and differences between dialectal phenomena relevant for modern Albanian and South Slavic varieties, make the creation of a single list of features a non-trivial task. Thus the paper attempts a comparative study of complexity using two lists compiled independently for Albanian and for South Slavic and including 27 unmatching binary features each. All features reflect the “grammatical” complexity of language system (inventory of phonemes and grammemes, number of inflectional classes, etc.). Relative complexity or simplicity is seen as not only a static characteristic of modern dialects, but also a result of simplifying and complexifying innovations that developed in different historical periods, and preservation of the “inherited” complexity from “common Albanian” and “common Slavic”. This approach allows us to confirm the assumption that language contact can lead to both simplification and complexification and to postulate different paths of contact development for Albanian and South Slavic dialect zones. Contacts in the Albanian-speaking area are always associated with simplification, while South Slavic demonstrates a trend towards simplification, with the exception of Western Macedonian, where high complexity results from many contact-induced complexifying innovations. Refs 10.
THE BUSH IN ALEXANDER KUSHNER’S POETRY: SEMANTICS OF IMAGERY
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Ponomareva Marina V.
Published: March 2023

The article deals with one of the most frequent imagery in Alexander Kushner’s poetry — the bush. The source of the research is the whole corpus of the poet’s lyrics — from Kushner’s first poetry collections in 1960s to his latest magazine publications. In studying the semantics of the imagery we strive to employ a complex approach, using elements of comparative historical, formal and structural methods. Among Kushner’s floral imagery (the garden, the tree, the bush) it is the bush that appears the most important and ambiguous. The article demonstrates the meaning of the imagery (as A. Ariev states it, the bush is the Kushner’s “main metaphor of life”) and its agreement to Kushner’s poetics (attention to the small, the private, the day-to-day. the proportionality to the man, the publicity waive. It is shown that there is a persistent comparison of the bush and the poet’s lyrical ego. For the first time, the following functions are revealed: 1) bush as a part of the landscape, including the urban one, and as a marker of Leningrad/Saint-Petersburg space; 2) bush as a limit between the worlds: a) between the mudane life and the death; b) between the mundate life and the higher divine existence; 3) bush as a metaphor of death: the imagery of a broken, fruitless and snow-covered bush symbolises the death as an oblivion; 4) bush as a metaphor of eternal life: the imagery of a flowery bush may be used as an icon of an “eternal spring” that awaits the human beyond the limits of earthly life. In addition, Kushner’s bush is tightly connected to the whole topic of creativity, seizing of speech and divine presence (the Burning Bush). The article shows complexity, ambivalence of the imagery. Refs 9.