bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human elbow flexion behaviour recognition based on posture estimation in complex scenes
Authors: Gong Faming , Li Yunjing , Yuan Xiangbing , Liu Xin , Gao Yating
Published: September 2022

Aiming at the difficulty of recognising the smoking and making phone calls behaviours of people in the complex background of construction sites, a method of recognising human elbow flexion behaviour based on posture estimation is proposed. The human upper body key points needed are retrained based on AlphaPose to achieve human object localization and key points detection. Then, a mathematical model for human elbow flexion behaviour discrimination (HEFBD model) is proposed based on human key points, as well as locating the region of interest for small object detection and reducing the interference of complex background. A super‐resolution image reconstruction method is used for pre‐processing some blurred images. In addition, YOLOv5s is improved by adding a small object detection layer and integrating a convolutional block attention model to improve the detection performance. The detection precision of this method is improved by 5.6%, and the false detection rate caused by complex background is reduced by 13%, which outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art detection methods and meets the requirement of real‐time performance.
Die „Stuttgart-Niere“
Authors: Brunner Jürgen
Published: September 2022

Dr. E. Streicher (1931–1994) hat im Katharinenhospital Stuttgart 1960 die ersten Hämodialysen durchgeführt. Nachdem die Patientenzahlen Mitte der 1960er-Jahre stark zunahmen, entwickelte er in Zusammenarbeit mit der Fa.Fresenius die „Stuttgart-Niere“ (Abb. 1).
Michael Reichardt geht in den Ruhestand
Authors: Wiegard-Szramek Ina
Published: September 2022

Die Fachweiterbildung Nephrologie am Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus schließt und die langjährige Leitung Michael Reichardt (Abb. 1) geht in den wohlverdienten Ruhestand.
Deprescribing im Alter
Authors: Waltering Isabell
Published: September 2022

Ältere Patienten wenden zumeist mehrere Arzneimittel zur Behandlung ihrer
Erkrankungen an. Auch wenn diese Medikamente zur Therapie von Beschwerden und
Symptomen verordnet werden, so können ihre Nebenwirkungen, speziell
für ältere Patienten mit vielen Arzneimitteln, schädlich
sein. Solche unangemessenen Medikamente sind für 11% der
Krankenhauseinweisungen verantwortlich. Obwohl dieser Umstand bekannt ist, sind
Daten, wie man diese Medikation für diese verletzliche Population
beendet, nur spärlich vorhanden. Forschungsdaten belegen, dass eine
präzise Struktur und sorgfältige Planung für einen
erfolgreichen Deprescribing-Prozess unabdingbar sind, was auch bedeutet,
verschiedene Beteiligte in diesen Prozess miteinzubeziehen, um für
Patienten ein optimales Ergebnis zu erzielen. Bislang existiert keine Vorgabe,
wie Phytopharmaka in diesen Prozess eingebunden werden können. Dieser
Artikel liefert eine Definition für Deprescribing im deutschsprachigen
Raum, eine Beschreibung der strukturierten Vorgehensweise und bietet einen
Ansatz zur Einbeziehung von Phytotherapeutika in den Deprescribing-Prozess.
Phytotherapie auch im Alter gut verträglich – Daten
aus der PhytoVIS-Studie
Authors: Gramlinger Tamara , Kelber Olaf , Kraft Karin
Published: September 2022

Pflanzliche Arzneimittel (Phytopharmaka) spielen für die
eigenverantwortliche Behandlung, gerade auch der Älteren, eine
große Rolle und decken dabei ein breit gefächertes
Indikationsgebiet ab. Um Daten zu ihrer Anwendung zu gewinnen, hat die
Kooperation Phytopharmaka die PhytoVIS-Studie initiiert, deren Ergebnis
produktübergreifende und indikationsbezogene pharmakoepidemiologische
Daten von über 20 000 Patienten sind, die ein pflanzliches
Arzneimittel eingenommen haben, darunter 3065 Patienten mit einem Alter von mehr
als 65 Jahren.

Deren Auswertung ergab, dass Unterschiede zur in der Studie erfassten
Gesamtpopulation nur bei wenigen Aspekten deutlich wurden. So war der Anteil der
Patienten, die keinerlei Beeinträchtigung durch Nebenwirkungen
empfanden, bei den 66–75-Jährigen mit 91,9% und den
über 75-Jährigen mit 93,8% leicht gegenüber der
Gesamtpopulation mit 91,2% erhöht. Der Anteil chronischer
Erkrankungen und Beschwerden war gegenüber der Gesamtpopulation auf ein
Mehrfaches erhöht, wie z. B. erhöhte Vergesslichkeit
(4,3- bzw. 5,3-fach erhöht) und Arthralgie (2,6- bzw. 3,5-fach
erhöht). Zudem wendeten 48% der 66–75-Jährigen
und 56% der über 75-Jährigen das Arzneimittel
langfristig an, gegenüber 28% in der Gesamtpopulation. Der
Anteil der Komorbiditäten war mit 76,0 bzw. 82,8 vs. 39,8%
(Gesamtpopulation) deutlich höher, ebenso der einer Komedikation. Dabei
gibt die bei den Älteren vergleichbare und teils sogar bessere
Verträglichkeit keinen Hinweis auf eine erhöhte
Wechselwirkungsrate.

Phytopharmaka sind daher für eine immer älter werdende
Bevölkerung auch in der Selbstmedikation eine wichtige und sichere
Therapieoption.
Digital Health als Funktionsbereich in Krankenhäusern:
Erfahrungen nach zweijährigem Betrieb der Stabsstelle für
medizinische Prozessentwicklung am Klinikum Darmstadt
Authors: Hoffmann Felix , Khaladj Nawid
Published: September 2022

Am Klinikum Darmstadt wurde früh erkannt, dass die Herausforderungen in
der Weiterentwicklung des Klinikums im Zuge der digitalen Transformation eng mit
der Prozessinfrastruktur im Klinikum und darüber hinaus
verknüpft sind. Um die Herausforderungen im Zusammenhang mit der
Prozessentwicklung auch organisatorisch abzubilden, wurde im Januar 2020 die
Stabsstelle für medizinische Prozessentwicklung eingerichtet. Nach
zweijährigem Betrieb wird nun ein Fazit gezogen, um den Nutzen des
ärztlichen Tätigkeitsfeldes „Prozessentwicklung und
Digitalisierung“ darzustellen, wichtige Erfahrungen zu dokumentieren und
Implikationen für das Krankenhausmanagement und die Aus- und
Weiterbildung daraus abzuleiten.
Visible-Light-Promoted Metal-Free 3-Arylation of 2-Aryl-2H-­indazoles with Triarylsulfonium Salts
Authors: Sun Kai , Yu Bing , Shi Anzai , Xiang Panjie , Wu Yanxuan , Ge Chang , Liu Yan
Published: September 2022

An efficient approach for the photosynthesis of various arylated 2-aryl-2H-indazoles (38 examples) in moderate to good yields (up to 87% yield) under mild conditions was developed by employing 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN) as an inexpensive photocatalyst. This protocol features wide substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and operational simplicity. In addition, the strategy was successfully applied to the late-stage modification of drug molecules, and the meaningful introduction of complex drugs to the skeleton of 2H-Indazole was achieved for the first time.
Recent Advances in Room-Temperature Direct C–H Arylation Methodologies
Authors: Luscombe Christine K. , Yadav Preeti , Velmurugan Nivedha
Published: September 2022

In recent decades, direct C–H arylation has become a preferred tool for biaryl coupling over traditional cross-coupling methods owing to its operationally simple protocol, inherent atom and step economy, and reduced metallic waste. Several elegant methods have been developed that offer the facile transformation of usually inert Csp2–H bonds into Csp2–Csp2 bonds in a single synthetic operation. Despite many merits, a major drawback to this chemistry comes from the low reactivity of aryl C–H bonds, which often mandate harsh reaction conditions compromising sustainability. Hence, developing reaction protocols that require milder conditions has become an important goal in this area of research. This review article comprehensively highlights the synthesis and mechanistic aspects of direct C–H arylation reactions, which proceed at or below room temperature.

1 Introduction

2 Concepts and Examples

2.1 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Procedures

2.1.1 Pd Catalysis

2.1.2 Other Metal-Based Procedures

2.1.3 Additive-Free Procedures

2.2 Direct Arylation Polymerization

2.3 Photocatalyzed Procedures

2.3.1 Organometallic C–H-Activation-Based Procedures

2.3.2 Radical-Addition-Based Procedures

2.4 Transition-Metal-Free Procedures

2.4.1 Base-Mediated Procedures

2.4.2 Iodonium- and Diazonium-Salt-Based Procedures

2.5 Electrocatalyzed Procedures

3 Summary and Outlook
Effect of Additional Apical Preparation on Retreatment of Curved Root Canals Filled with Different Sealers
Authors: Tavares Karina I. M. C. , Pinto Jader C. , Santos-Junior Airton O. , Duarte Marco A. H. , Guerreiro-Tanomaru Juliane M. , Tanomaru-Filho Mario
Published: September 2022

Objective This study assessed the influence of additional apical preparation on material removal during retreatment of curved root canals filled with different sealers.

Materials and Methods Twelve mesial roots of mandibular molars with two separate canals and curvature between 25 and 35 degrees were selected. The working length was established 1-mm short of the apical foramen, and all the root canals were prepared using ProDesign R (PDR) 25/0.06. After preparation, the root canals were divided in two groups (n = 12) and filled by continuous wave condensation technique with NeoMTA Plus or AH Plus. All the root canals were retreated using rotary ProDesign Logic RT 25/0.08, reciprocating PDR 25/0.06 and apical preparation with PDR 35/0.05. Additional apical preparation was performed with ProDesign Logic (PDL) 50/0.01. The samples were scanned using a Skycan 1176 micro–computed tomography (micro-CT), voxel size 8.74 µm, before and after the retreatment procedures. Percentages of remaining filling material were evaluated.

Statistical Analysis The data were submitted to paired and unpaired t-tests (α = 0.05).

Results Percentage of remaining filling material was similar between the root canals filled with NeoMTA Plus or AH Plus sealer after retreatment using PDR 35/0.05, and after additional apical preparation using PDL 50/0.01 (p > 0.05). However, PDL 50/0.01 significantly decreased the percentage of remaining filling material in the apical third after the additional apical preparation for both sealers (p < 0.05).

Conclusion NeoMTA Plus or AH Plus did not influence the retreatment of curved root canals. ProDesign Logic 50/0.01 promoted greater filling material removal in the apical third.
Anti–Peri-implantitis Bacteria's Ability of Robusta Green Coffee Bean (Coffea Canephora) Ethanol Extract: An In Silico and In Vitro Study
Authors: Nugraha Alexander Patera , Ardani I Gusti Aju Wahju , Sitalaksmi Ratri Maya , Ramadhani Nastiti Faradilla , Rachmayanti Desi , Kumala Dina , Kharisma Viol Dhea , Rahmadani Desintya , Puspitaningrum Martining Shoffa , Rizqianti Yuniar , Ari Muhammad Dimas Aditya , Nugraha Albertus Putera , Noor Tengku Natasha Eleena binti Tengku Ahmad , Luthfi Muhammad
Published: September 2022

Objective This study was aimed to investigate RGCBE extract as antioxidant and anti–peri-implantitis bacteria through in vitro study and its potential as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antibone resorption, and proosteogenic through in silico study.

Materials
and Methods Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity prediction, molecular docking simulation, and visualization of chlorogenic acid (CGA) and coumaric acid (CA) as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial were investigated in silico. Inhibition zone by diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of RGCBE extract against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), and Prevotella intermedia (Pi) were done.

Statistical Analysis the analysis of variance (ANOVA) difference test, and the post-hoc Tukey's Honest Significant Different (HSD) with a different significance value of p<0.05

Results GCA and CA compounds are good drug molecules and it has low toxicity. Chlorogenic acid have higher binding activity than coumaric acid to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, receptor activation NF-κB (RANK) and its ligand (RANKL), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, runt related transcription factor (RUNX2), receptor activator nuclear Kappa beta Ligand-osteoprotegrin
osteocalcin (RANKL-OPG), osteocalcin, nuclear factor associated T-cell 1 (NFATc1), tartate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), peptidoglycan, flagellin, dectin, Hsp70, and Hsp10 protein. RGCB ethanol extract has high antioxidant ability and it has MIC, MBC, and inhibit the growth of Aa, Pg, Fn, and Pi at 50% concentration with significantly different (p=0.0001 and<0.05).

Conclusion RGCB ethanol extract has high antioxidant ability and 50% RGCB ethanol extract may act as strong anti–peri-implantitis bacteria in vitro. In addition, CGA in RGCB potential as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antibone resorption, and proosteogenic in silico.
Symmetry breaking of solitons in the PT-symmetric nonlinear Schrödinger equation with the cubic–quintic competing saturable nonlinearity
Authors: Bo Wen-Bo , Wang Ru-Ru , Liu Wei , Wang Yue-Yue
Published: September 2022

The symmetry breaking of solitons in the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with cubic–quintic competing nonlinearity and parity-time symmetric potential is studied. At first, a new asymmetric branch separates from the fundamental symmetric soliton at the first power critical point, and then, the asymmetric branch passes through the branch of the fundamental symmetric soliton and finally merges into the branch of the fundamental symmetric soliton at the second power critical point, while the power of the soliton increases. This leads to the symmetry breaking and double-loop bifurcation of fundamental symmetric solitons. From the power-propagation constant curves of solitons, symmetric fundamental and tripole solitons, asymmetric solitons can also exist. The stability of symmetric fundamental solitons, asymmetric solitons, and symmetric tripole solitons is discussed by the linear stability analysis and direct simulation. Results indicate that symmetric fundamental solitons and symmetric tripole solitons tend to be stable with the increase in the soliton power. Asymmetric solitons are unstable in both high and low power regions. Moreover, with the increase in saturable nonlinearity, the stability region of fundamental symmetric solitons and symmetric tripole solitons becomes wider.
AlScO3 perovskite—An ∼8 eV bandgap oxide predicted to exhibit low small hole polaron ionization energies and p-type conductivity at elevated temperatures
Authors: Lee Cheng-Wei , Gorai Prashun , Garrity Emily , Zakutayev Andriy , Stevanović Vladan
Published: September 2022

We investigate electronic structure and dopability of an ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) AlScO3 perovskite, a known high-pressure and long-lived metastable oxide. From first-principles electronic structure calculations, HSE06(+G0W0), we find this material to exhibit an indirect bandgap of around 8.0 eV. Defect calculations point to cation and oxygen vacancies as the dominant intrinsic point defects limiting extrinsic doping. While acceptor behaving Al and Sc vacancies prevent n-type doping, oxygen vacancies permit the Fermi energy to reach ∼0.3 eV above the valence band maximum, rendering AlScO3 p-type dopable. Furthermore, we find that both Mg and Zn could serve as extrinsic p-type dopants. Specifically, Mg is predicted to have achievable net acceptor concentrations of ∼1017 cm−3 with ionization energy of bound small hole polarons of ∼0.49 eV and free ones below 0.1 eV. These values place AlScO3 among the UWBG oxides with lowest bound small hole polaron ionization energies, which, as we find, is likely due to large ionic dielectric constant that correlates well with low hole polaron ionization energies across various UWBG oxides.
Unsteady flow and pressure pulsation characteristics in centrifugal pump based on dynamic mode decomposition method
Authors: Zhang Shuwei , Chen Hongxun , Ma Zheng , Wang Daifeng , Ding Kejin
Published: September 2022

Considering the computing accuracy and resources of numerical calculation, a hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes/large-eddy simulations method based on the von Kármán scale and the corrected eddy viscosity has been used to study the unsteady flow structure and pressure pulsation characteristics in a centrifugal pump. The unsteady flow characteristics of the vertical two-stage marine centrifugal pumps with complex structure have been studied. The dynamic mode decomposition method is used to study the internal unsteady flow structure and analyze the mechanism of pressure pulsation in the centrifugal pump. The results show that the unstable flow in impeller is mainly affected by the inflow state, system rotation, and the structure of the impeller. Different inflow states lead to obvious differences of the internal flow states and unsteady flow structures between the first-stage and second-stage impellers. There are complex pressure pulsation characteristics dominated by different frequencies in different parts of a two-stage centrifugal pump. The impeller blade main pass frequency has different causes at different locations in the downstream flow passages. The mutual matching of different numbers of impeller blades and guide vane blades will result in a kind of impeller guide vane blade interaction frequency in guide vane and volute, which will excite higher harmonics of the impeller blade frequency. Other important characteristic frequencies in centrifugal pumps had been analyzed. The pressure pulsation mechanism analysis of the centrifugal pump will help researchers to optimize the design of the centrifugal pump and improve the operation stability of the centrifugal pump. Some possible improvement measures for typical frequency pressure pulsation are recommended.
Cross-subject emotion recognition using visibility graph and genetic algorithm-based convolution neural network
Authors: Cai Qing , An Jian-Peng , Li Hao-Yu , Guo Jia-Yi , Gao Zhong-Ke
Published: September 2022

An efficient emotion recognition model is an important research branch in electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain–computer interfaces. However, the input of the emotion recognition model is often a whole set of EEG channels obtained by electrodes placed on subjects. The unnecessary information produced by redundant channels affects the recognition rate and depletes computing resources, thereby hindering the practical applications of emotion recognition. In this work, we aim to optimize the input of EEG channels using a visibility graph (VG) and genetic algorithm-based convolutional neural network (GA-CNN). First, we design an experiment to evoke three types of emotion states using movies and collect the multi-channel EEG signals of each subject under different emotion states. Then, we construct VGs for each EEG channel and derive nonlinear features representing each EEG channel. We employ the genetic algorithm (GA) to find the optimal subset of EEG channels for emotion recognition and use the recognition results of the CNN as fitness values. The experimental results show that the recognition performance of the proposed method using a subset of EEG channels is superior to that of the CNN using all channels for each subject. Last, based on the subset of EEG channels searched by the GA-CNN, we perform cross-subject emotion recognition tasks employing leave-one-subject-out cross-validation. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in recognizing emotion states using fewer EEG channels and further enrich the methods of EEG classification using nonlinear features.
When costly migration helps to improve cooperation
Authors: Lee Hsuan-Wei , Cleveland Colin , Szolnoki Attila
Published: September 2022

Motion is a typical reaction among animals and humans trying to reach better conditions in a changing world. This aspect has been studied intensively in social dilemmas where competing players’ individual and collective interests are in conflict. Starting from the traditional public goods game model, where players are locally fixed and unconditional cooperators or defectors are present, we introduce two additional strategies through which agents can change their positions of dependence on the local cooperation level. More importantly, these so-called sophisticated players should bear an extra cost to maintain their permanent capacity to evaluate their neighborhood and react accordingly. Hence, four strategies compete, and the most successful one can be imitated by its neighbors. Crucially, the introduction of costly movement has a highly biased consequence on the competing main strategies. In the majority of parameter space, it is harmful to defectors and provides a significantly higher cooperation level when the population is rare. At an intermediate population density, which would be otherwise optimal for a system of immobile players, the presence of mobile actors could be detrimental if the interaction pattern changes slightly, thereby blocking the optimal percolation of information flow. In this parameter space, sophisticated cooperators can also show the co-called Moor effect by first avoiding the harmful vicinity of defectors; they subsequently transform into an immobile cooperator state. Hence, paradoxically, the additional cost of movement could be advantageous to reach a higher general income, especially for a rare population when subgroups would be isolated otherwise.
Electro-thermal modeling and reliability analysis of Cu–carbon hybrid interconnects for beyond-CMOS computing
Authors: Kumari B. , Sharma R. , Sahoo M.
Published: September 2022

A Cu–carbon hybrid interconnect was recently proposed as an alternate interconnect structure for future VLSI applications because of its superior electrical performance over its counterparts. This study focuses on the electro-thermal aspects of Cu–carbon hybrid interconnects to be adopted as a potential replacement of copper as the back-end-of-line (BEOL) interconnect material. Cu–carbon hybrid shows promise in terms of electro-thermal efficiency when compared to copper as well as other suggested hybrid materials. The maximum temperature attained by the Cu–carbon hybrid interconnect is less than copper by 16%, and its mean time to failure is improved by 96%. Uniform distribution of heat can be observed in the Cu–carbon hybrid BEOL in addition to low temperature rise as compared to the copper based BEOL. These analyses strengthen the claim of Cu–carbon hybrid interconnects to be a worthier possibility for electro-thermal efficient nanoscale systems.
Detecting bifurcations in dynamical systems with CROCKER plots
Authors: Güzel İsmail , Munch Elizabeth , Khasawneh Firas A.
Published: September 2022

Existing tools for bifurcation detection from signals of dynamical systems typically are either limited to a special class of systems or they require carefully chosen input parameters and a significant expertise to interpret the results. Therefore, we describe an alternative method based on persistent homology—a tool from topological data analysis—that utilizes Betti numbers and CROCKER plots. Betti numbers are topological invariants of topological spaces, while the CROCKER plot is a coarsened but easy to visualize data representation of a one-parameter varying family of persistence barcodes. The specific bifurcations we investigate are transitions from periodic to chaotic behavior or vice versa in a one-parameter collection of differential equations. We validate our methods using numerical experiments on ten dynamical systems and contrast the results with existing tools that use the maximum Lyapunov exponent. We further prove the relationship between the Wasserstein distance to the empty diagram and the norm of the Betti vector, which shows that an even more simplified version of the information has the potential to provide insight into the bifurcation parameter. The results show that our approach reveals more information about the shape of the periodic attractor than standard tools, and it has more favorable computational time in comparison with the Rösenstein algorithm for computing the maximum Lyapunov exponent.
Prediction of flow regime boundary and pressure drop for hexagonal wire-wrapped rod bundles using artificial neural networks
Authors: Kim Hansol , Seo Joseph , Hassan Yassin A.
Published: September 2022

This study used an artificial neural network (ANN) regression model in wire-wrapped fuel assemblies to estimate the transition-to-turbulence flow regime boundary (RebT) and friction factor. The ANN models were trained and validated using existing experimental datasets. The bundle dataset comprised several design parameters, such as the number of rods, rod diameter, wire diameter, lattice pitch, edge pitch, and wire helical pitch. The log–log scale Reynolds number and linearity characteristics of the friction coefficient were used to over-sample the friction factor in the laminar and turbulent regimes for resolving the data imbalance. Three-quarters of the entire dataset was used for training, while the remainder was used for validation. The Levenberg–Marquardt approach with the Gauss–Newton approximation for the Hessian of the training cost function was used for training the model. The number of hidden layers for RebT was selected based on the minimum validation error. The pin number effect was additionally considered for the friction factor while selecting the number of hidden layers. The ANN model predicted using the oversampled data set had a 50% reduction in the root mean square error (RMSE) than the model predicted using the original data set. Compared to previous correlations, the prediction of ANN models for the friction factor demonstrated significantly low errors (0.10% mean error and 7.36% RMSE of 142 bundle data).
Accuracy improvement of immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann and finite element method by iterative velocity correction
Authors: Wu Zhijian , Guo Li
Published: September 2022

In an analysis of the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problem, the non-slip boundary condition at solid walls cannot be accurately satisfied by the conventional immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann coupling schemes due to insufficient interpolation accuracy. To solve this problem, an improved iterative velocity correction procedure for the immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann coupling scheme is proposed by introducing a modified velocity operator. The particle distribution function was modified at each time step, and the evolution governing equation of the multiple relaxation time-lattice Boltzmann method was performed. A numerical framework for coupling lattice Boltzmann and finite element methods for transient problems involving FSI was established, and the iterative velocity correction immersed boundary method was used for the partitioned approach. The solid structure was discretized with the finite element method, while the single-component fluid flows were simulated with the lattice Boltzmann method. An FSI benchmark model was employed to verify the efficiency of the proposed coupling method. The results show that the developed method guarantees the non-slip boundary condition and maintains the convergence rate of the conventional immersed boundary method. In viscous flow and strong shearing flow, the accuracy of both stationary and moving solid boundaries is obviously improved.
Drag reduction of a slanted-base cylinder using sweeping jets
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Zhong Shan , Ozer Ozgun , Weightman Andrew
Published: September 2022

In this work, a pair of sweeping jet actuators is installed underneath the endplate of a slanted-base cylinder at ReD = 200 000. The sweeping jets form a 30° inclined angle with the endplate and are placed at different streamwise locations, and their strength is varied with a momentum coefficient, Cμ, ranging from 3.8 × 10−3 to 6.0 × 10−2. For all the cases examined in this paper, it is found that while a higher Cμ produces a higher drag reduction, the flow control energy efficiency decreases rapidly as Cμ increases. A net energy saving is achieved when Cμ is less than 0.01, and the highest energy efficiency obtained in the present study is 2.8% when the actuator pair is placed at the most upstream location tested. The drag reduction is attributed to the reaction force and an increase in the surface pressure force acting on the endplate produced by the jet pair. The contribution from the former constitutes an increasing proportion of the total drag reduction as Cμ increases leading to lower energy efficiency in flow control. Depending on the relative positions between the trajectory of the sweeping jet and afterbody vortex, sweeping jets are not only capable of altering the surface pressure distributions via directly imposing a footprint of high pressure on the surface, but also affecting the roll-up of the afterbody vortex and/or reducing its strength via injecting turbulence into the afterbody vortex.
Algal bioaccumulation and toxicity of platinum are increased in the presence of humic acids
Authors: Hourtané Océane , Rioux Geneviève , Campbell Peter G. C. , Fortin Claude
Published: September 2022

Environmental context The growth in demand for platinum has led to an increase in the presence of this metal in the environment but little is known about its toxicity to aquatic organisms. The presence of organic matter should contribute to decreasing metal bioavailability but the opposite was found for platinum. How ubiquitous natural organic matter can alter the accumulation and effects of platinum group elements remains to be fully elucidated. Rationale There is a growing interest for platinum in ecotoxicology, mainly because of its use in automobile exhaust catalysts. When it reaches aquatic ecosystems, platinum can interact with ligands such as natural organic matter. According to the Biotic Ligand Model, the formation of such complexes should reduce metal bioavailability. As a consequence, toxicity should decrease in the presence of organic matter. Methodology This study focused on the uptake of platinum by two microalgae species (Chlorella fusca and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) and its subsequent inhibitory effects on growth (96 h). Cells were exposed to platinum (5–300 µg L−1) at three concentrations (0, 10 and 20 mg C L−1) of standard Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA). Platinum bound to humic acid was determined experimentally using partial ultrafiltration to relate metal uptake and toxicity to speciation. Results Unexpectedly, results show that platinum toxicity, expressed as ultrafiltrable Pt (not bound to humic acid) and total Pt concentrations, is enhanced in the presence of humic acid for both algae. For C. fusca, the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values decreased from 93 to 37 and 35 µg L−1 of ultrafiltrable Pt in the presence of 10 and 20 mg C L−1 SRHA and from 89 to 36 and 0.31 µg L−1 for C. reinhardtii. Discussion In contradiction with the Biotic Ligand Model, the results show that the presence of SRHA can significantly and importantly increase platinum uptake and toxicity as determined in two unicellular green algae, C. reinhardtii and C. fusca. The present work raises the issue of the impact of platinum on microalgae under realistic environmental conditions (ubiquitous presence of organic matter), primary producers being of great ecological importance.
Damage imaging method for composites laminates based on sparse reconstruction of single-mode Lamb wave
Authors: Wu Hui , Ma Shiwei , Du Bingxu
Published: September 2022

To address the problems of anisotropy and mode mixing in damage imaging on anisotropic composites laminates using ultrasonic Lamb wave, a sparse reconstruction imaging method based on S0 single-mode is proposed in this paper. In this approach, the sparsely arranged piezoelectric ceramic drivers sensor group on the surface of the measured composite laminate is employed to excite and receive Lamb wave. The received signal shows sparse under a pre-built damage dictionary with damage scattering signal waveform, and the damages can be localized and imaged using a sparse reconstruction method. Considering the velocity difference between S0 and A0 mode of the received Lamb wave signal, the S0 mode is extracted by intercepting the signal before the peak of the first wave packet to eliminate the influence of Lamb wave mode mixing. In order to minimize the influence of anisotropy of composites laminates on Lamb wave propagation, the Lamb wave propagation direction is divided evenly into several sectors, and Lamb wave propagation direction within a certain sector is considered as propagation in a quasi-isotropic material. The sparse reconstruction is solved by using the basis pursuit de-noising algorithm, which can find the optimal solution with a small number of iterations in noise interference. The experiments on composite fiber laminate specimens show that the proposed method can accurately locate simulated single delamination damage and has less artifact interference compared to the delay-and-sum method.
The atomic layer deposition (ALD) synthesis of copper-tin sulfide thin films using low-cost precursors
Authors: Witkowski Marcin , Starowicz Zbigniew , Zięba Adam , Adamczyk-Cieślak Bogusława , Socha Robert Piotr , Szawcow Oliwia , Kołodziej Grzegorz , Haras Maciej , Ostapko Jakub
Published: September 2022

In this work we demonstrated the process of co-deposition of copper-tin sulfide species by the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique using all-low-cost precursors. For the deposition of tin species, the tin(IV) chloride SnCl4 was used successfully for the first time in the ALD process. Moreover, we showed that the successful deposition of the tin sulfide component was conditioned by the pre-deposition of CuS
x
layer. The co-deposition of copper and tin sulfides components at 150 °C resulted in the in-process formation of the film containing Cu2SnS3, Cu3SnS4 and π-SnS phases. The process involving only tin precursor and H2S did not produce the SnS
x
species. The spectroscopic characteristic of the obtained materials were confronted with the literature survey, allowing us to discuss the methodology of the determination of ternary and quaternary sulfides purity by Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, the material characterisation with respect to the morphology (SEM), phase composition (XRD), surface chemical states (XPS), optical properties (UV–vis-NIR spectroscopy) and electric (Hall measurements) properties were provided. Finally, the obtained material was used for the formation of the p–n junction revealing the rectifying I–V characteristics.
Stepwise development of atmospheric pressure plasma jet driven by bursts of high-voltage nanosecond pulses at multi-tens MHz
Authors: Shen Saikang , Yan Jiaqi , Wang Yanan , Wang Yongsheng , Ding Weidong , Sun Guoxiang
Published: September 2022

This study employs the bursts of high-voltage nanosecond pulses at multi-tens MHz to drive the helium atmospheric pressure plasma jet. Such bursts are obtained by modulating a high-voltage nanosecond pulse based on the wave reflections in a coaxial cable. The development processes and mechanisms of the plasma jet are analyzed in detail based on the discharge waveforms, discharge images, gas temperature, electron density, and axial electric field. Because the time interval between adjacent pulses is much shorter than the characteristic plasma decay time, the discharge channel driven by the first pulse still has high residual electron density and conductivity when the second pulse arrives. The first discharge channel serves as an extension of the high-voltage electrode. In this case, the second discharge starts at the end of the first discharge channel and continues to propagate forward. Driven by the bursts of high-voltage nanosecond pulses, the stepwise propagation of a guided streamer along the plasma jet is observed. The characteristic of the stepwise development of the guided streamer is stable and repeatable under the same condition and does not change at different helium flow rates if the flow is laminar. Reducing the cable length results in a higher equivalent pulse frequency in the bursts and significantly increases the plasma jet length. However, an excessively high frequency will cause a rise in gas temperature and pressure fluctuation in helium flow, resulting in a reduction in the length of the laminar region and an unstable discharge.
Non-equilibrium plasma kinetics of CO2 in glow discharges: a comparison with existing modeling and experimental results
Authors: Pietanza L D , Colonna G , Capitelli M
Published: September 2022

We report results obtained by our 0D, time-dependent self-consistent model for the description of the CO2 plasma kinetics in glow discharge conditions, comparing our results with the simulation and experimental results reported by Grofulovic et al (2018 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.
27 115009; 2019 PhD Thesis) and Klarenaar et al (2017 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.
26 115008). Our model is based on the simultaneous solution of the kinetic equations describing the vibrational, the electronic excited states and the plasma chemistry and of the electron Boltzmann equation for the calculation of the electron energy distribution function (eedf). The results for the vibrational level densities of CO2 show a satisfactory agreement with the Grofulovic’s model results, despite the differences in the vibrational energy level scheme and in the kinetic processes included with the correspondent rate coefficients, with a good match also with the corresponding experimental results. Moreover, conditions characterized by higher power density (5–50 W cm−3) have been investigated to understand the behavior of the CO2 plasma discharge when a higher vibrational excitation is present. Large deviations of the vibrational distributions of CO2 and CO from equilibrium ones are predicted both in discharge and post discharge conditions. In particular, the CO2 vibrational distribution presents a behavior similar to a Treanor distribution for v < 15 while a deactivation of the plateau in the vibrational distribution function after v > 15 appears as a consequence of the dissociation induced by vibrational excitation mechanism, i.e. pure vibrational mechanism, becoming important at higher power densities. Finally, the results dependence on the selection of the CO2 electron molecule dissociation cross section, i.e. Phelps (1973 J. Appl. Phys.
44 4464 or Cosby (1993 Report No. AD-A266 464 WL-TR-93-2004 (Dayton, OH: Wright-Patterson Airforce Base)), has been investigated, showing that its more opportune choice is still a problem to be discussed for the description of conditions in which the electron impact dissociation dominates the kinetics, while once vibrational excitation is activated, CO2 dissociation is essentially driven by vibrational-induced dissociation, depending to a minor extent from that choice.
Computational methods and diffusion theory in triangulation sensing to model neuronal navigation
Authors: Dobramysl Ulrich , Holcman David
Published: September 2022

Computational methods are now recognized as powerful and complementary approaches in various applied sciences such as biology. These computing methods are used to explore the gap between scales such as the one between molecular and cellular. Here we present recent progress in the development of computational approaches involving diffusion modeling, asymptotic analysis of the model partial differential equations, hybrid methods and simulations in the generic context of cell sensing and guidance via external gradients. Specifically, we highlight the reconstruction of the location of a point source in two and three dimensions from the steady-state diffusion fluxes arriving to narrow windows located on the cell. We discuss cases in which these windows are located on the boundary of a two-dimensional plane or three-dimensional half-space, on a disk in free space or inside a two-dimensional corridor, or a ball in three dimensions. The basis of this computational approach is explicit solutions of the Neumann–Green’s function for the mentioned geometry. This analysis can be used to design hybrid simulations where Brownian paths are generated only in small regions in which the local spatial organization is relevant. Particle trajectories outside of this region are only implicitly treated by generating exit points at the boundary of this domain of interest. This greatly accelerates the simulation time by avoiding the explicit computation of Brownian paths in an infinite domain and serves to generate statistics, without following all trajectories at the same time, a process that can become numerically expensive quickly. Moreover, these computational approaches are used to reconstruct a point source and estimating the uncertainty in the source reconstruction due to an additive noise perturbation present in the fluxes. We also discuss the influence of various window configurations (cluster vs uniform distributions) on recovering the source position. Finally, the applications in developmental biology are formulated into computational principles that could underly neuronal navigation in the brain.
Dynamical phase transitions in the collisionless pre-thermal states of isolated quantum systems: theory and experiments
Authors: Marino Jamir , Eckstein Martin , Foster Matthew S , Rey Ana Maria
Published: September 2022

We overview the concept of dynamical phase transitions (DPTs) in isolated quantum systems quenched out of equilibrium. We focus on non-equilibrium transitions characterized by an order parameter, which features qualitatively distinct temporal behavior on the two sides of a certain dynamical critical point. DPTs are currently mostly understood as long-lived prethermal phenomena in a regime where inelastic collisions are incapable to thermalize the system. The latter enables the dynamics to substain phases that explicitly break detailed balance and therefore cannot be encompassed by traditional thermodynamics. Our presentation covers both cold atoms as well as condensed matter systems. We revisit a broad plethora of platforms exhibiting pre-thermal DPTs, which become theoretically tractable in a certain limit, such as for a large number of particles, large number of order parameter components, or large spatial dimension. The systems we explore include, among others, quantum magnets with collective interactions,ϕ4quantum field theories, and Fermi–Hubbard models. A section dedicated to experimental explorations of DPTs in condensed matter and AMO systems connects this large variety of theoretical models.
Phase-covariant mixtures of non-unital qubit maps
Authors: Siudzińska Katarzyna
Published: September 2022

We analyze convex combinations of non-unital qubit maps that are phase-covariant. In particular, we consider the behavior of maps that combine amplitude damping, inverse amplitude damping, and pure dephasing. We show that mixing non-unital channels can result in restoring the unitality, whereas mixing commutative maps can lead to non-commutativity. For the convex combinations of Markovian semigroups, we prove that classical uncertainties cannot break quantum Markovianity. Moreover, contrary to the Pauli channel case, the semigroup can be recovered only by mixing two other semigroups.
CEP19–RABL2–IFT-B axis controls BBSome-mediated ciliary GPCR export
Authors: Zhou Zhuang , Katoh Yohei , Nakayama Kazuhisa
Published: September 2022

The IFT25-IFT27 dimer constitutes the interface between the IFT-B complex and BBSome. We show that IFT25-IFT27 and RABL2-GTP bind mutually exclusive to the IFT74-IFT81 dimer in the IFT-B complex. RABL2-GTP suppresses BBSome-mediated ciliary GPCR export. However, its CEP19-dependent entry into cilia is dispensable for the GPCR export suppression.
Psychosocial Determinants of Hand Hygiene, Facemask Wearing, and Physical Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Liang Wei , Duan Yanping , Li Feifei , Rhodes Ryan E , Wang Xiang , Peiris Dehiwala Liyanage Ishanka Harshani Kusum , Zhou Lin , Shang Borui , Yang Yide , Baker Julien S , Jiao Jiao , Han Wei
Published: September 2022

Background

Hand hygiene, facemask wearing, and physical distancing play a crucial role in the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying the key psychosocial determinants of these precautionary behaviors contributes to effective intervention and policymaking for COVID-19 and future pandemics.

Purpose

This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze available evidence on psychosocial determinants of the general population’s practice of three precautionary behaviors, based on the Risk, Attitudes, Norms, Abilities, and Self-regulation (RANAS) framework.

Methods

Literature was identified by searching seven databases and relevant review papers. Observational and experimental studies targeting the general population (≥18 years) published between January 2020 to September 2021 were included. Pooled effect sizes were calculated with the inverse-variance method using random-effects models.

Results

A total of 51 studies (64 samples) were included in the qualitative synthesis, of which 30 studies (42 samples) were included in the meta-analysis. RANAS-based constructs including knowledge, pros attitudes, and perceived norms were identified as significant determinants of all three behaviors in the meta-analysis. Perceived susceptibility and cons attitudes showed no significant associations with any behaviors. Perceived severity, perceived control, self-efficacy, and behavioral intention were significantly associated with one or two behaviors. Country (western vs. eastern hemispheres) significantly moderated the effects of certain risk and ability factors.

Conclusions

More research is needed with respect to the intention–behavior relationship, self-regulatory and reflexive factors of precautionary behaviors, as well as the exploration of the potential moderating effect of sociodemographic factors.
Diallyl Trisulfide attenuates alcohol-induced hepatocyte pyroptosis via elevation of hydrogen sulfide
Authors: Zhu Xiaojing , Lu Rongxin , Zhang Genrong , Fan Ling , Zhan Yongjiu , Chen Guoxin , Zhou Liang
Published: September 2022

Garlic is a popular culinary herb for the prevention and treatment of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Diallyl Trisulfide (DATS) is the major organosulfur compound of garlic. Latest studies indicated that the hepatocyte pyroptosis serves a primary role in the pathogenesis of ALD. The present study aims to assess the inhibitory effect of DATS on alcohol-induced hepatocyte pyroptosis, and to elucidate the potential mechanism by using the hepatocyte cell line HL-7702. Our study found that DATS inhibited alcohol-induced pyroptosis by decreasing gasdermin D (GSDMD) activation. Results illuminated that DATS inhibited alcohol-induced (NOD)-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Furthermore, DATS upregulated hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to resist ROS overproduction. The present study demonstrated that DATS mitigated alcohol-induced hepatocyte pyroptosis by increasing the intracellular level of H2S.
Next-Generation Sequencing Supports Targeted Antibiotic Treatment for Culture Negative Orthopedic Infections
Authors: Kullar Ravina , Chisari Emanuele , Snyder James , Cooper Christopher , Parvizi Javad , Sniffen Jason
Published: September 2022

The isolation of an infective pathogen can be challenging in some patients with active, clinically apparent infectious diseases. Despite efforts in the microbiology lab to improve the sensitivity of culture in orthopedic implant-associated infections, the clinically relevant information often falls short of expectations. The management of peri-prosthetic joint infections (PJI) provides an excellent example of the use and benefits of newer diagnostic technologies to supplement the often-inadequate yield of traditional culture methods as a substantial percentage of orthopedic infections are culture-negative. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has the potential to improve upon this yield. Bringing molecular diagnostics into practice can provide critical information about the nature of the infective organisms and allow targeted therapy in these otherwise challenging situations. This review article describes the current state of knowledge related to the use and potential of NGS to diagnose infections, particularly in the setting of PJIs.