bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Milk Quality from Organic Farm
Authors: Wanniatie Veronica
Published: February 2018

Nowdays, people prefer to consume safe and healthy food such as organic food and milk. Organic milk comes from organic farms applying sustainable environment and animal welfare. Consumers choose organic milk because it provides health benefits and comes from farm that applying animal welfare and green environment. Organic milk contains no pesticide residues, antibiotics and other contaminants. This paper describes the comparison of conventional and organic dairy farm and the quality of organic milk in terms of nutrition and contaminant. Organic farming that implements a production system for premium market with special requirements of production process and product quality, demands high management qualification. The difference between organic and conventional milk is the higher level of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) because of rich forage feed in an organic livestock raising system.
Detecting Glacier Surface Motion by Optical Flow
Authors: Lenzano M.G. , Lannutti E. , Toth C. , Rivera A. , Lenzano L.
Published: February 2018

In this study, we assessed the feasibility of using optical flow, in particular, large displacement optical flow (LDOF) method as a possible solution to obtain surface movement data to derive ice flow velocities in a glacier. Tests were carried out at the
Viedma Glacier, located at the South Patagonia Icefield, Argentina, where terrestrial monoscopic image sequences were acquired by a calibrated camera from April 2014 until April 2016. As for preprocessing, the Correlated Analysis method was implemented to avoid and minimize errors due to the
measurable changes in lighting, shadows, clouds, and snow. The results show a flow field with a maximum surface velocity value of 3.5 m/d. The errors were minimized by averaging the image sequence results based on seasons, in which the Total Error Reconstruction yielded fairly good mean accuracy
(0.36 m/d). In summary, it was demonstrated that LDOF can provide accurate and robust solution to detect daily changes in the glacier surface.
Memória, história e literatura
Authors: Loriga Sabina
Published: February 2018

Como interrogar nossa consciência histórica? Nos últimos anos, foram propostos alguns importantes diagnósticos gerais e temos raros levantamentos empíricos. Aqui, eu gostaria de interrogar as maneiras como o romance contemporâneo imaginou o historiador. Analisar o modo no qual esta figura aparece como assiduidade (de Middlemarch, de George Eliott (1872) a Tous les noms, de José Saramago) permite indagar sobre como os romancistas veem o historiador e sobre suas relações com a memóriaPalavras-chave: memória; literatura; consciência histórica.
Poesia colonial e processo histórico: introdução a Cláudio Manuel da Costa
Authors: Cordeiro Marcos Rogério
Published: February 2018

Este artigo procura desenvolver uma análise da poética de Cláudio Manuel da Costa a partir de suas determinações históricas e do modo como essas são incorporadas à fatura de sua poesia, compondo, por dentro, suas principais linhas de força. Os pontos de reflexão se encontram distribuídos em alguns temas-chave, como a figuração da atividade mineradora e suas implicações no processo mais amplo de acumulação primitiva do capital, a criação de um sistema mundo que impulsiona a mundialização da cultura e a sensação de desalinho, transposta para o plano da forma literária, entre a realidade criada a partir da convenção literária e a realidade histórica objetiva. O saldo é uma poesia de convenção com marcas específicas, resultando numa poética elaborada e problematizadora da marcha histórica.Palavras-chave: poesia árcade; processo histórico; formalização artística.
Disputas sobre a origem e o significado dos cometas: o que revelam do Iluminismo português?
Authors: Da Costa Palmira Fontes , Pinto Hélio
Published: February 2018

A interpretação dos cometas como sinais de adivinhação sofreu um declínio significativo durante o século XVII. No século posterior, e especialmente nos denominados centros europeus do conhecimento, esse tipo de interpretação foi banida da literatura científica e raramente aparecia em panfletos destinados a uma audiência de cariz popular. Em oposição, a literatura sobre cometas que recorria a uma origem sobrenatural e interpretação divina era ainda relevante em Portugal no século XVIII. Durante esse período, foram publicadas obras a favor dessa interpretação e outras com o propósito de as refutar. As disputas atingiram o auge em meados do século XVIII . Este artigo procura analisar os autores e argumentos envolvidos nessas controvérsias, levando em conta o contexto religioso, intelectual e social de Portugal à época. Tem como principal objectivo analisar o contributo dos debates sobre a origem de cometas para o entendimento da especificidade do Iluminismo português.Palavras-chave: cometas; adivinhação; Iluminismo.
O Quinteto Armorial e sua relação com a modernidade brasileira (1974-1980)
Authors: Santos Nívea Lins
Published: February 2018

O Quinteto Armorial se propôs a desenvolver – durante a década de 1970 – uma música de câmara nacional a partir da fusão entre sonoridades populares do sertão nordestino e de cânones da tradição da cultura erudita europeia. De acordo com o Movimento Armorial, especialmente sob a perspectiva de seu mentor Ariano Suassuna, alguns elementos da modernidade tinham o potencial de colocar em risco identidades tradicionais. Nesse sentido, para os armorialistas as grandes indústrias fonográficas, mais integradas à lógica de mercado, incentivavam uma música fundamentalmente comercial e, por isso, deveriam ser problematizadas. Esse foi um dos motivos pelos quais o quinteto se aproximou da gravadora de Marcus Pereira, uma vez que esta se mantinha mais distante da lógica reinante. Neste artigo, buscamos refletir sobre de que forma se construiu o projeto estético do Quinteto Armorial, direcionado à elaboração de um material sonoro mais artesanal e muito próximo da proposta de cultura nacional defendida por Mário de Andrade, que, aliás, foi a base formadora dos pensamentos de Ariano Suassuna e de Marcus Pereira.Palavras-chave: Quinteto Armorial; Discos Marcus Pereira; Mário de Andrade.
An Evaluation of Supramaximally Loaded Eccentric Leg Press Exercise
Authors: Harden Mellissa , Wolf Alex , Russell Mark , Hicks Kirsty M. , French Duncan , Howatson Glyn
Published: February 2018

Harden, M, Wolf, A, Russell, M, Hicks, KM, French, D, and Howatson, G. An evaluation of supramaximally loaded eccentric leg press exercise. J Strength Cond Res 32(10): 2708–2714, 2018—High-intensity eccentric exercise is a potent stimulus for neuromuscular adaptation. A greater understanding of the mechanical stimuli afforded by this exercise will aid the prescription of future eccentric training regimens. This study sought to investigate the mechanical characteristics of supramaximally loaded eccentric exercise when using a custom-built leg press machine. Using a within-subject, repeated-measures design, 15 strength trained subjects (age, 31 ± 7 years; height, 180.0 ± 6.8 cm; body mass, 81.5 ± 13.9 kg) were assessed under 3 different conditions: low (LO), moderate (MOD), and high (HI) intensity, which were equivalent in intensity to 110, 130, and 150%, respectively, of peak force during an isometric maximal voluntary contraction (IMVC) performed on leg press at 90° knee flexion. All loading conditions demonstrated a similar pattern of mechanical profile; however, the variables underpinning each profile showed significant (p < 0.01) load-dependent response (LO vs. MOD, MOD vs. HI, LO vs. HI) for all variables, except for average acceleration. Average force associated with each loading conditions exceeded IMVC but equated to a lower intensity than what was prescribed. Repetitions under higher relative load intensity stimulated greater average force output, faster descent velocity, greater magnitude of acceleration, shorter time under tension, and a decline in force output at the end range of motion. This research provides new data regarding the fundamental mechanical characteristics underpinning supramaximally loaded eccentric leg press exercise. The information gathered in the study provides a foundation for practitioners to consider when devising loading strategies and implementing or evaluating supramaximally loaded eccentric exercise when using a similar exercise and device.
Resistance Training Is Associated With Higher Bone Mineral Density Among Young Adult Male Distance Runners Independent of Physiological Factors
Authors: Duplanty Anthony A. , Levitt Danielle E. , Hill David W. , McFarlin Brian K. , DiMarco Nancy M. , Vingren Jakob L.
Published: February 2018

Duplanty, AA, Levitt, DE, Hill, DW, McFarlin, BK, DiMarco, NM, and Vingren, JL. Resistance training is associated with higher bone mineral density among young adult male distance runners independent of physiological factors.J Strength Cond Res32(6): 1594–1600, 2018—Low bone mineral density (BMD) in male distance runners is common and could be modulated by a host of biomarkers involved in the dynamic balance of bone tissue. In contrast, resistance training can increase BMD; however, the efficacy of resistance training in protecting BMD in distance runners has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between resistance training, testosterone and bone metabolism biomarker concentrations, and BMD in young adult male distance runners. Twenty-five apparently healthy men (23–32 years; mean ±SD: 25.9 ± 2.9 years; 1.77 ± 0.04 m; 75.4 ± 8.5 kg) were categorized into 1 of 3 groups: untrained control participants (CON;n= 8); nonresistance-trained runners (NRT;n= 8); or resistance-trained runners (RT;n= 9). Blood was collected and analyzed for concentrations of free and total testosterone and 14 bone metabolism biomarkers. Bone mineral density was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. At all measured sites, BMD was greater (p≤ 0.05) for RT compared with NRT and CON. Vitamin D concentration was greater (p≤ 0.05) in RT and NRT compared with CON. Concentrations of testosterone and remaining bone biomarkers did not differ between groups (p> 0.05). Resistance-trained runners had greater BMD than nonresistance-trained runners and untrained peers. This difference did not seem to be modulated by biomarkers that contribute to bone formation or resorption, indicating that differences in BMD are associated with habitual load-bearing exercise using external resistance. Runners should perform resistance exercise at least once per week because this is associated with greater BMD.
An Experimental Study of the Performance of Two-Component Backfilling Grout Used behind the Segmental Lining of a Tunnel-Boring Machine
Authors: Sharghi Mohammad , Chakeri Hamid , Afshin Hassan , Ozcelik Yilmaz
Published: February 2018

How to fill the empty annular space behind the segmental lining of tunnels is considered one of the most important questions in mechanized excavation, of which the main aim is to minimize settlement on the earth surface. In addition, the grout is the agent that creates a suitable bed for the segment lining of the tunnel and helps with its tightening. There are different methods of filling the empty space. One of them, using excavation by Earth Pressure Balance-Tunnel Boring Machine (EPB-TBM), is the injection of two-component grout at suitable pressure to the back of the segment as the shield of the excavator moves ahead. The grout utilized has suitable mechanical characteristics and efficiency. The main properties of grout refer to bleeding, fluidity and the results of the Marsh funnel test (ability to pump grout), setting time, gelling time (to avoid grout washing out) and compressive strength of grout (to minimize settlement on the earth level). The present study attempts to review the effect of any constituent materials of two-component grout on the parameters. Consequently, different tests with various constituent materials on the properties of grout were conducted.
The DSM-5 Trait Measure in a Psychiatric Sample of Late Adolescents and Emerging Adults: Structure, Reliability, and Validity
Authors: De Caluwé Elien , Verbeke Lize , Aken Marcel van , Heijden Paul T. van der , Clercq Barbara De
Published: February 2018

The inclusion of a dimensional trait model of personality pathology in DSM-5 creates new opportunities for research on developmental antecedents of personality pathology. The traits of this model can be measured with the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), initially developed for adults, but also demonstrating validity in adolescents. The present study adds to the growing body of literature on the psychometrics of the PID-5, by examining its structure, validity, and reliability in 187 psychiatric-referred late adolescents and emerging adults. PID-5, Big Five Inventory, and Kidscreen self-reports were provided, and 88 non-clinical matched controls completed the PID-5. Results confirm the PID-5's five-factor structure, indicate adequate psychometric properties, and underscore the construct and criterion validity, showing meaningful associations with adaptive traits and quality of life. Results are discussed in terms of the PID-5's applicability in vulnerable populations who are going through important developmental transition phases, such as the step towards early adulthood.
Biological Evidence Regarding Psychopathy Does Not Affect Mock Jury Sentencing
Authors: Remmel Rheanna J. , Glenn Andrea L. , Cox Jennifer
Published: February 2018

Research on the biological factors influencing criminal behavior is increasingly being introduced into court, necessitating research on how such evidence is perceived and influences decision makers. Research on how this evidence influences sentencing recommendations is inconclusive. In this study, we focus on biological evidence related to psychopathy, a construct commonly associated with criminal behavior. Approximately 800 community members were presented with a case vignette detailing an individual who is described as having a high level of psychopathic traits. Participants received either psychological information about psychopathy (i.e., no biological evidence), evidence the defendant had genetic risk factors for psychopathy, or written neuroimaging evidence the defendant had brain deficits associated with psychopathy. Participants then recommended a sentence. Overall, recommended sentence lengths did not differ between evidence conditions. These findings add to a growing body of research suggesting that biological evidence may not have as much of an influence on jurors as previously thought.
Speckle Tracking Echocardiography Identifies Impaired Longitudinal Strain as a Common Deficit in Various Cardiac Diseases
Authors: Jeffrey Randy R. , Hamburger Robert F. , Gooden-Ebanks Janelle , Petersen John W.
Published: February 2018

The use of speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) is becoming an increasingly useful tool in the evaluation of myocardial disease. STE software can track the motion of the specular pattern created by the interference of ultrasound with the myofibers of the heart and provide a quantitative means to evaluate subtle changes in ventricular function that often occur before changes in ventricular ejection fraction are observed. STE is most often used to measure the change in shape (strain) of myocardial segments in the circumferential, radial, and longitudinal directions. In various diseases, including coronary artery disease, aortic stenosis, and mitral regurgitation, deficits in longitudinal strain appear to occur earlier than deficits in other measures of strain or in ejection fraction. Consideration of STE measures of left ventricular contraction has the potential to significantly affect clinical management and outcomes of ischemic and valvular heart disease given the ability to separate those with asymptomatic disease who may benefit from earlier interventions than current guidelines may suggest.
Vietnam in 2017
Authors: Coxhead Ian
Published: February 2018

Vietnam in 2017 continued rapid economic growth and consolidated its role in APEC. US withdrawal from the TPP harmed growth prospects, but Vietnam and other trading partners pushed ahead with other agreements. Industrial production continued to boom, and real wages rose substantially. The ruling party consolidated its hold on national politics and stepped up repression of activists.
Malaysia in 2017
Authors: Milner Anthony
Published: February 2018

The Najib government continued to consolidate its political hold on Malaysia in 2017. Various factors, including a moderately improved economic situation and a relatively generous 2018 budget, suggested that it had good prospects for winning the next election, to be held at the latest in August 2018. Beyond party politics, however, there were indications of deep change taking place in Malaysian society—deep enough to raise questions about the nation’s identity.
Russia and the CIS in 2017
Authors: Kuhrt Natasha , Costa Buranelli Filippo
Published: February 2018

Since the annexation of Crimea in 2014, Russia’s “eastward pivot” has intensified, mainly observable as strengthened relations with China, which appear to be evolving into a quasi-alliance. This places in question Russian attempts at diversification in the Asia-Pacific, and its position in Central Asia, where China’s Belt and Road Initiative challenges Russian influence.
Irudica u hrvatskome folkloru
Authors: Dragić Marko
Published: February 2018

Na proslavi rođendana Heroda Antipe Herodijadina kćerka zanosno je plesala te joj je Herod obećao ispuniti svaku želju, makar i ako zatraži polovicu kraljevstva. Nakon plesa Herodijadina kćerka pitala je majku za savjet što će zatražiti od Heroda, a majka joj je rekla da traži glavu Ivana Krstitelja na pladnju. Ona je to i zatražila od Heroda koji joj je ispunio želju. Herodijada i njezina kćerka krive su za smrt Ivana Krstitelja. Stoga su one u folkloru Hrvata demonska bića. U hrvatskoj se tradiciji Herodijada naziva Poganica, a njezina kćerka Irudica. Po narodnome vjerovanju, Irudica predvodi olujno nevrijeme praćeno jakom grmljavinom, a njezina majka Poganica, sakrivena u oblaku, krije ju da ne bude pogođena. Nekoć su Hrvati bajali protiv Irudice. Nekadašnje su basme kristijanizirane te se i u naše vrijeme izgovaraju kad grmi i sijeva kako bi se ljudi i njihovo imanje zaštitili od Irudice. U radu se navodi i multidisciplinarno interpretira tridesetak primjera koji su rezultat višegodišnjega terenskog istraživanja autora i njegovih studenata. Najviše je primjera izvorno na terenu snimljeno od 1997. do 2016. godine u Republici Hrvatskoj i Bosni i Hercegovini.
Božićno razdoblje u tradicijskoj baštini posuškoga kraja
Authors: Kelava Josipa
Published: February 2018

Na temelju prikupljenih suvremenih terenskih zapisa koji su nastali 2011. godine i u travnju 2016. godine na području Posušja u radu su prikazani običaji, obredi i ophodi vezani uz razdoblje od Božića do Sveta tri kralja. Interpretacija je nadopunjena korištenjem književnoteorijske literature. Uz razdoblje dvanaestodnevnice vezani su običaji apotropejskoga i panspermijskoga karaktera kao i razne divinacije. Vrhunac je božićnih blagdana sam Božić, koji je trebalo dočekati u miru sa samim sobom, ali i sa svima ostalima. Božićno vrijeme obuhvaća i blagdane sv. Stjepana, sv. Ivana, Mladence, blagdan sv. Silvestra, Novu godinu te Sveta tri kralja, kojim završava božićno razdoblje. Zapisani obredi, ophodi i običaji svjedoče o bogatoj tradicijskoj kulturi na ovom području, no ti običaji sve brže nestaju, većina ih je ostala samo u sjećanjima starijih osoba, stoga ih je nužno zapisivati.
Central regulation of food intake in fish: an evolutionary perspective
Authors: Soengas José Luis , Cerdá-Reverter José Miguel , Delgado María Jesús
Published: February 2018

Evidence indicates that central regulation of food intake is well conserved along the vertebrate lineage, at least between teleost fish and mammals. However, several differences arise in the comparison between both groups. In this review, we describe similarities and differences between teleost fish and mammals on an evolutionary perspective. We focussed on the existing knowledge of specific fish features conditioning food intake, anatomical homologies and analogies between both groups as well as the main signalling pathways of neuroendocrine and metabolic nature involved in the homeostatic and hedonic central regulation of food intake.
Mapping and Predicting Non-LinearBrassica rapaGrowth Phenotypes Based on Bayesian and Frequentist Complex Trait Estimation
Authors: Baker R L , Leong W F , Welch S , Weinig C
Published: February 2018

Predicting phenotypes based on genotypes and understanding the effects of complex multi-locus traits on plant performance requires a description of the underlying developmental processes, growth trajectories, and their genomic architecture. Using data from Brassica rapa genotypes grown in multiple density settings and seasons, we applied a hierarchical Bayesian Function-Valued Trait (FVT) approach to fit logistic growth curves to leaf phenotypic data (length and width) and characterize leaf development. We found evidence of genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity of rate and duration of leaf growth to growing season. In contrast, the magnitude of the plastic response for maximum leaf size was relatively small, suggesting that growth dynamics vs. final leaf sizes have distinct patterns of environmental sensitivity. Consistent with patterns of phenotypic plasticity, several QTL-by-year interactions were significant for parameters describing leaf growth rates and durations but not leaf size. In comparison to frequentist approaches for estimating leaf FVT, Bayesian trait estimation resulted in more mapped QTL that tended to have greater average LOD scores and to explain a greater proportion of trait variance. We then constructed QTL-based predictive models for leaf growth rate and final size using data from one treatment (uncrowded plants in one growing season). Models successfully predicted non-linear developmental phenotypes for genotypes not used in model construction and, due to a lack of QTL-by-treatment interactions, predicted phenotypes across sites differing in plant density.
Mitotic and Meiotic Functions for the SUMOylation Pathway in the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline
Authors: Reichman Rachel , Shi Zhuoyue , Malone Robert , Smolikove Sarit
Published: February 2018

Meiosis is a highly regulated process, partly due to the need to break and then repair DNA as part of the meiotic program. Post-translational modifications are widely used during meiotic events to regulate steps such as protein complex formation, checkpoint activation, and protein attenuation. In this paper, we investigate how proteins that are obligatory components of the SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) pathway, one such post-translational modification, affect the Caenorhabditis elegans germline. We show that UBC-9, the E2 conjugation enzyme, and the C. elegans homolog of SUMO, SMO-1, localize to germline nuclei throughout prophase I. Mutant analysis of smo-1 and ubc-9 revealed increased recombination intermediates throughout the germline, originating during the mitotic divisions. SUMOylation mutants also showed late meiotic defects including defects in the restructuring of oocyte bivalents and endomitotic oocytes. Increased rates of noninterfering crossovers were observed in ubc-9 heterozygotes, even though interfering crossovers were unaffected. We have also identified a physical interaction between UBC-9 and DNA repair protein MRE-11. ubc-9 and mre-11 null mutants exhibited similar phenotypes at germline mitotic nuclei and were synthetically sick. These phenotypes and genetic interactions were specific to MRE-11 null mutants as opposed to RAD-50 or resection-defective MRE-11. We propose that the SUMOylation pathway acts redundantly with MRE-11, and in this process MRE-11 likely plays a structural role.
El mecanismo de la electrooxidación de procarbacina y su descripción matemática
Authors: Tkach Volodymyr V. , Ivanushko Yana G. , Kukovs’ka Iryna L. , De Oliveira Sílvio C. , Ojani Reza , Yelenich Olga , Yagodynets’ Petró I.
Published: February 2018

Al proceso de la electrooxidación de procarbacina fue atribuido el mecanismo, incluyendo dos etapas electroquímicas y las dos químicas. También, ha sido desarrollado y analizado un modelo matemático, capaz de describir el comportamiento del sistema.Por su intermedio, se dio la posibilidad de comparar el comportamiento de este sistema con el de los semejantes y análogos, como con el sistema de la electrosíntesis de monómeros.
Análisis costo-efectividad de rocuronio y succinilcolina en tiroidectomías programadas
Authors: Caraballo Marimón Roger , Uribe Merlano Sergio , Álviz Amador Antistio
Published: February 2018

En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis costo-efectividad de la succinilcolina y del rocuronio utilizados en la intubación de pacientes sometidos a tiroidectomía programada, mediante un estudio descriptivo prospectivo, donde se tuvo en cuentala calidad de intubación, los tiempos de latencia y de relajación muscular, necesidad de reversión farmacológica del bloqueo neuromuscular, parámetros hemodinámicos,reacciones adversas y costos directos e indirectos en 30 pacientes sometidos al procedimiento.El análisis económico evidenció la existencia de diferencias significativas entre los costos asociados al tiempo de latencia de la relajación muscular. En cuanto a los costos relacionados al bloqueo muscular, se observó que el grupo con succinilcolinapresentó unos costos totales de 10.972 ± 341,7 pesos colombianos, mientras que con rocuronio fueron de 63.088 ± 1.184 con valor P < 0,0001. La succinilcolinamostró mayor costo-efectividad al presentar menor tiempo de latencia, mejores condiciones de intubación, no provocar cambios hemodinámicos clínicamente significativos y bajo costo al ser comparado con rocuronio.
Avaliação dos conhecimentos e habilidades em ressuscitação cardiopulmonar assimilados por profissionais da atenção primária em saúde
Authors: Nogueira Lilia de Souza , Wilson Ana Maria Miranda Martins , Karakhanian Anna Carolina Margarido , Parreira Eliane Vitoreli , Machado Valéria Menezes Peixeiro , Mira Vera Lúcia
Published: February 2018

AIMS: To assess the theoretical knowledge retention and skills assimilation by primary health care professionals in cardiopulmonary resuscitation training.METHODS: Quantitative study involving participants in cardiorespiratory arrest training, held between August 2013 and July 2014. To assess the knowledge retention after one year, the same multiple-choice test on the training content that had been applied immediately after the training was reapplied. The averages of the two test scores were compared by means of the Wilcoxon test, significance being set at 5%. Skill assimilation was assessed using the Objective Structured Clinical Examination tool, which consists of four practical stations with different actions and a maximum length of eight minutes each, according to the objectives the students are expected to achieve. Station 1: correct sequence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults; station 2: effective practice of chest compressions in adults; station 3: correct use of automated external defibrillator in adults; station 4: effective clearance of infant airway. The total score per workstation was ten points.RESULTS: Most of the 89 professionals in the sample were female (87.6%), with an average age of 37.3±9.9. Forty-eight professionals (53.9%) worked as community health agents. In the knowledge retention analysis, the mean number of right answers dropped when comparing the averages immediately after training (9.5±0.9) and one year later (7.5±1.7) (p<0.001). In the skills assimilation, the students’ best final averages were identified in stations 2 (7.3±1.7) and 3 (7.3±1.6), followed by station 1 (6.2±2.0). In the station about infant airway clearance, the professionals’ performance was low (final average 3.2±1.8).CONCLUSIONS: The theoretical knowledge retention on cardiopulmonary resuscitation could be considered partially satisfactory, with an observed drop one year after the training. Concerning the skills, the professionals performed well in the practical stations, except for the care related to infant airway clearance.
Modelos de frecuencia de choques para segmentos e intersecciones: Ruta 34 en Costa Rica
Authors: Varela Araya Viviana , Agüero Valverde Jonathan
Published: February 2018

La Ruta Nacional 34 tiene una gran relevancia tanto a nivel nacional como internacional pues permite atravesar Costa Rica de frontera a frontera, sin ingresar a la zona metropolitana. A diferencia de estudios previos, por primera vez para un corredor en Costa Rica, se realizaron modelos tanto para segmentos como para intersecciones simultáneamente. Se estudiaron los 16 segmentos y 11 intersecciones con mayor exceso de frecuencia de choques. El proceso de gestión de seguridad vial que se utilizó es el recomendado por el Manual de Seguridad de Carreteras del 2010, del cual se desarrollaron los primeros tres pasos: evaluación de la red, diagnóstico y selección de contramedidas. Para realizar el análisis se utilizó el método de exceso de frecuencia de choques esperado con el ajuste de Bayes empírico, debido a que se distingue de otros métodos por su precisión al considerar la disponibilidad de datos, el sesgo de regresión a la media y cómo se establece el umbral de desempeño. Una de las principales problemáticas encontradas en esta carretera es la falta de facilidades para peatones y ciclistas, problemas con la gestión de accesos, anchos de espaldón, velocidad y diseño de intersecciones.
Classifying disordered speech
Authors: Ball Martin , Howard Sara
Published: February 2018

In this account we address phonological processes, and in particular, stridency deletion. We discuss the difference between stridency and sibilance, and then outline the variety of patterns that are claimed to make up the process. We look in turn at patterns of normal phonological development of fricatives in English, and typical patterns found in phonological disorders, and note that these do not provide evidence to support using the concept of stridency. Further, evidence is provided from the phonetic level in both normal acquisition and articulatory disorders that supports a sibilant versus non-sibilant analysis, and we consider why sibilant fricatives should provide especial challenges to speakers. We conclude by considering two problems. The first is a problem with imprecise phonetic description suggesting that a phonological substitution of target alveolar fricatives by dental ones occurs much more often that it really does. The second is the problem of ad hoc process invention by speech-language pathology researchers beyond the limits described in the original theory of natural phonology. We hope to have shown, therefore, that not only is stridency deletion not a process, but stridency is not a helpful concept in clinical phonology, and processes are currently used simply as convenient labels with little theoretical validity.
Implementation of the Directive 2013/11/EU on Alternative Dispute Resolution for Consumer Disputes – Historical Background and Legal Consequences of a Failure to Transpose the Directive within the Prescribed Time
Authors: Magoń Karol
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this article is to undertake a legal analysis of the legal process of implementing Directive 2013/11/EU into the Polish legal order and to present the legal consequences of a failure to transpose the Directive within the prescribed period. In the first part, the author presents the description of work that has been done at the EU level on the alternative resolution of consumer disputes and evaluates the proposals for specific legal solutions presented in the course of this work. The author then presents the main issues and challenges associated with the process of the transposition of Directive 2013/11/EU. In particular, the author reflects on the direct effect of Directive 2013/11/EU, in both vertical and horizontal terms. As a result, the author concludes that the failure to implement the Directive in the prescribed period initiates the State’s liability to an individual for damage caused by the lack of proper implementation and imposes on the national courts the duty of applying a pro-EU interpretation of national law. In turn, in the light of the well-established case law of the CJEU, and given the nature of the analysed Directive, the lack of a proper implementation of Directive 2013/11/EU within the prescribed period, does not entitle the consumer to effectively assert his rights against the trader for non-fulfillment of the obligations resulting from the Directive.
Cancer Diagnosis: A Trauma for Patients and Doctors Alike
Authors: Gieseler Frank , Gaertner Lynn , Thaden Elske , Theobald Werner
Published: February 2018

The quality of communication between oncologists and patients can have a direct effect on each individual's coping mechanisms for dealing with stress, especially when dealing with the stress of a cancer diagnosis. This report applies the findings of trauma research to this aspect of oncological care.
Temozolomide Plus Bevacizumab in Elderly Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma and Poor Performance Status: An ANOCEF Phase II Trial (ATAG)
Authors: Reyes-Botero Germán , Cartalat-Carel Stéphanie , Chinot Olivier L. , Barrie Maryline , Taillandier Luc , Beauchesne Patrick , Catry-Thomas Isabelle , Barrière Jérôme , Guillamo Jean-Sebastien , Fabbro Michel , Frappaz Didier , Benouaich-Amiel Alexandra , Le Rhun Emilie , Campello Chantal , Tennevet Isabelle , Ghiringhelli François , Tanguy Marie-Laure , Mokhtari Karima , Honnorat Jérôme , Delattre Jean-Yves
Published: February 2018

Lessons Learned

Results suggest that the combination of bevacizumab plus temozolomide is active in terms of response rate, survival, performance, quality of life, and cognition in elderly patients with glioblastoma multiforme with poor performance status. Whether this combination is superior to temozolomide alone remains to be demonstrated by a randomized study.

Background

The optimal treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in patients aged ≥70 years with a Karnofsky performance status (KPS) <70 is not established. This clinical trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of upfront temozolomide (TMZ) and bevacizumab (Bev) in patients aged ≥70 years and a KPS <70.

Materials and Methods

Patients aged ≥70 years with a KPS <70 and biopsy-proven GBM were eligible for this multicenter, prospective, nonrandomized, phase II trial of older patients with impaired performance status. Treatment consisted of TMZ administered at 130–150 mg/m2 per day for 5 days every 4 weeks plus Bev administered at 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks.

Results

The trial included 66 patients (median age of 76 years; median KPS of 60). The median overall survival (OS) was 23.9 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI], 19–27.6), and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 15.3 weeks (95% CI, 12.9–19.3). Twenty-two (33%) patients became transiently capable of self-care (i.e., KPS >70). Cognition and quality of life significantly improved over time during treatment. Grade ≥3 hematological adverse events occurred in 13 (20%) patients, high blood pressure in 16 (24%), venous thromboembolism in 3 (4.5%), cerebral hemorrhage in 2 (3%), and intestinal perforation in 2 (3%).

Conclusion

This study suggests that TMZ + Bev treatment is active in elderly patients with GBM with low KPS and has an acceptable tolerance level.
Adapting the FlexiArch for widening a complex arch bridge
Authors: Long Adrian , Gupta Abhey , McPolin Daniel , Cook John
Published: February 2018

The 1840's Teewell Hill arch bridge, in the suburbs of Bristol, UK, was no longer adequate for increasing local traffic levels and needed to be widened. Several widening options were considered and it was concluded that the innovative ‘FlexiArch’ would best accommodate the complex geometry of the existing structure while minimising social and economic impacts. In order to elegantly accommodate the raked spandrel walls of the existing bridge Macrete and WSP|Parsons Brinckerhoff worked collaboratively to produce a custom-designed, high-quality, precast concrete FlexiArch, which matched the contours of the existing bridge. As the FlexiArch system has no corrodible reinforcement, it is highly sustainable and will result in reduced maintenance, as for the existing bridge. The elimination of centring and speed of construction (hours not months) minimised disruption to road traffic and to cyclists on the cycle network below the bridge – a key project criterion required by the client. Thus, in addition to addressing an accident black spot, the FlexiArch solution provided South Gloucestershire Council (the client) with an aesthetically pleasing and fully functional solution at a competitive cost.
Study of natural carbonation of concrete incorporating marble dust
Authors: Kumar Manish , Malay Nishant , Kujur Jitu
Published: February 2018

This paper describes an experimental investigation on the carbonation of Portland pozzolan cement (PPC) concrete with marble dust (MD). The five PPC concrete mixes containing MD (up to 20%) were prepared with three different water–cement ratios (0·5, 0·6 and 0·7). All the concrete cube specimens were exposed to natural atmospheric carbonation after 28 d of moist curing. It was observed that the use of 10% MD enhanced the compressive strength of concrete and the carbonation coefficient decreased with an increase in MD content.
Investigating the rheological and self-healing capability of toner-modified asphalt binder
Authors: Notani Mohammad Ali , Mokhtarnejad Mahshid
Published: February 2018

Annually, a considerable amount of toner is burned and wasted in the printing and copying industry. However, this burned toner can be used as an asphalt modifier. This study examined the effect of burned toner on the rheological properties and self-healing capability of asphalt binder, and also investigated the environmental concerns related to the use of waste toner. The rheological characterisation of original and toner-modified asphalt binders was analysed using dynamic shear rheometer test. A Fourier transform infrared test was also applied to evaluate their self-healing capability. Environmental concerns regarding the wasted toner were examined by using X-ray diffraction and X'pert HighScore software. The results showed that with an increase of waste toner modification in the modified asphalt blend, the elasticity component of the asphalt binder was enhanced, suggesting its high suitability at high temperatures for asphalt-pavement usage. It was also observed that, as the waste toner increased to 8%, the wetting and molecular diffusion processes of self-healing capability were improved. Moreover, the results also exhibited that the waste toner posed environmental concerns in aquatic environments due to its heavy and semi-heavy composition.
Laminin-521 Protein Therapy for Glomerular Basement Membrane and Podocyte Abnormalities in a Model of Pierson Syndrome
Authors: Lin Meei-Hua , Miller Joseph B. , Kikkawa Yamato , Suleiman Hani Y. , Tryggvason Karl , Hodges Bradley L. , Miner Jeffrey H.
Published: February 2018

Background Laminin α5β2γ1 (LM-521) is a major component of the GBM. Mutations in LAMB2 that prevent LM-521 synthesis and/or secretion cause Pierson syndrome, a rare congenital nephrotic syndrome with diffuse mesangial sclerosis and ocular and neurologic defects. Because the GBM is uniquely accessible to plasma, which permeates endothelial cell fenestrae, we hypothesized that intravenous delivery of LM-521 could replace the missing LM-521 in the GBM of Lamb2 mutant mice and restore glomerular permselectivity.

Methods We injected human LM-521 (hLM-521), a macromolecule of approximately 800 kD, into the retro-orbital sinus of Lamb2−/− pups daily. Deposition of hLM-521 into the GBM was investigated by fluorescence microscopy. We assayed the effects of hLM-521 on glomerular permselectivity by urinalysis and the effects on podocytes by desmin immunostaining and ultrastructural analysis of podocyte architecture.

Results Injected hLM-521 rapidly and stably accumulated in the GBM of all glomeruli. Super-resolution imaging showed that hLM-521 accumulated in the correct orientation in the GBM, primarily on the endothelial aspect. Treatment with hLM-521 greatly reduced the expression of the podocyte injury marker desmin and attenuated the foot process effacement observed in untreated pups. Moreover, treatment with hLM-521 delayed the onset of proteinuria but did not prevent nephrotic syndrome, perhaps due to its absence from the podocyte aspect of the GBM.

Conclusions These studies show that GBM composition and function can be altered in vivo
via vascular delivery of even very large proteins, which may advance therapeutic options for patients with abnormal GBM composition, whether genetic or acquired.
Cluster-Randomized Trial of Devices to Prevent Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection
Authors: Brunelli Steven M. , Van Wyck David B. , Njord Levi , Ziebol Robert J. , Lynch Laurie E. , Killion Douglas P.
Published: February 2018

Central venous catheters (CVCs) contribute disproportionately to bloodstream infection (BSI) and, by extension, to infection-related hospitalization, mortality, and health care costs in patients undergoing dialysis. Recent product advancements may reduce BSIs, but a sufficiently powered comparative-effectiveness study is needed to facilitate evidence-based patient care decisions. In a 13-month, prospective, cluster-randomized, open-label trial, we compared BSI rates in facilities using ClearGuard HD antimicrobial barrier caps (ClearGuard group) with those in facilities using Tego hemodialysis connectors plus Curos disinfecting caps (Tego+Curos group). Forty DaVita dialysis facilities in the United States were pair-matched by BSI rate, number of patients using CVCs, and geographic location, and then cluster randomized 1:1. We enrolled all adult patients undergoing dialysis with CVCs at these facilities, except those allergic to heparin or chlorhexidine. Overall, 1671 patients participated in the study, accruing >183,000 CVC-days. The study outcome was positive blood culture (PBC) rate as an indicator of BSI rate. We calculated results at the cluster level and adjusted for the facility cluster effect. During a 3-month run-in period immediately before study interventions, the groups had similar BSI rates (P=0.8). During the 13-month intervention period that immediately followed, the ClearGuard group had a BSI rate significantly lower than that of the Tego+Curos group (0.28 versus 0.75 PBCs per 1000 CVC-days, respectively; P=0.001). No device-related adverse events were reported. In conclusion, compared with Tego connectors plus Curos caps, ClearGuard HD antimicrobial barrier caps significantly lowered the rate of catheter-related BSIs in patients undergoing hemodialysis using CVCs, representing an important advancement in hemodialysis patient care.
Ebelik ve hemşirelik öğrencilerinin eleştirel düşünme eğilimleri ve öğrenme stilleri
Authors: KARADAĞ Mevlude , ALPARSLAN Özgür , PEKİN İŞERİ Özge
Published: February 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmada ebelik ve hemşirelik öğrencilerinin eleştirel düşünme eğilimleri ile öğrenme stillerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini 230'u hemşirelik, 134'ü ebelik bölümünden olmak üzere toplam 364 sağlık yüksekokulu öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında, kişisel bilgi formu, Kalifornia Eleştirel Düşünme Eğilimi Ölçeği ve Kolb Öğrenme Stili Envanteri kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Kalifornia Eleştirel Düşünme Eğilimi Ölçeği'nin bazı alt boyutlarında cinsiyete göre anlamlı farklılaşmanın olduğu ancak bölüm ve sınıfa göre farklılaşmanın anlamlı olmadığı saptanmıştır. Analizler öğrencilerin %43.7'sinin değiştiren, %22.3 'ünün özümseyen, %19.0' unun yerleştiren ve %15.1'inin ise ayrıştıran öğrenme stiline sahip olduklarını göstermiştir. Öğrenme stillerine göre eleştirel düşünme eğilimleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olduğu saptanmıştır. Öğrencilerin sahip oldukları öğrenme stiline göre eleştirel düşünme eğilimleri içerisinde genel toplamda en yüksek ortalamayı ayrıştıran, en düşük ortalamayı ise değiştiren almıştır. Her iki alt boyutta da analitiklik, açık fikirlilik ve meraklılık en yüksek ortalamalara sahipken, sistematiklik en düşük ortalamayı almıştır.Sonuç: Öğrencilerin sahip oldukları öğrenme stillerine göre en fazla değiştiren alt boyutunu kullandıkları, eleştirel düşünme eğiliminde ise analitik düşündükleri belirlenmiştir. Ancak iki ölçeğin alt boyutları karşılaştırıldığında öğrenme stili ile eleştirel düşünme eğilimleri arasında farklılıklar olduğu saptanmıştır.
Setting up hard-to-reach teams in the conflict-affected parts of Nigeria: World Health Organization
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh , Ramasamy Jegadeesh
Published: February 2018

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Diagnoza zaburzeń osobowości: wybrane metody i modele diagnostyczne
Authors: Popiel Agnieszka , Zawadzki Bogdan
Published: February 2018

Both clinical and theoretical aspects of the problems of people suffering from personality disorders attract researchers’ attention. An attempt to modify the current classification systems confronts scholars with the problems of the uncertain empirical status of the criteria for diagnosing this group of disorders and the imperfection of assessment instruments. The text is an introduction to a volume of articles devoted to personality disorders, particularly to historical and theoretical conceptions of personality disorders, instruments enabling the diagnosis of personality disorders and the assessment of cognitive schemas specific to personality disorders (in the light of both Beck’s cognitive theory and the Young schema theory).
The Borderline Personality Disorder Checklist: Psychometric evaluation and factorial structure in clinical and nonclinical samples
Authors: Bloo Joos , Arntz Arnoud , Schouten Erik
Published: February 2018

The present study examined the assessment and conceptualization of borderline personality disorder with the Borderline Personality Disorder Checklist (BPD Checklist). The BPD Checklist is a DSM-IV based self-report questionnaire, designed to assess the experienced burden of specific BPD symptoms during the previous month. The participants in the study were 140 BPD patients, 55 Cluster C personality disorder patients, 57 patients with only Axis I psychopathology, and 87 nonclinical controls. The psychometric properties of the BPD Checklist and changes during treatment were assessed. First-order confirmatory factor analyses using the BPD Checklist items on seven dimensional BPD models supported both a one-dimensional BPD model and a nine-dimensional one, the latter based on the DSM-IV criteria. Internal consistency as well as construct, concurrent, and discriminant validity proved to be very good. Clinical norms and cutoff scores with high sensitivity and specificity were derived. The questionnaire is suitable as a scre-ening instrument and treatment outcome measure since it proved to be sensitive to change.