bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of Soybean Oil-based Flame Retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foams Containing Phosphaphenanthrene Groups
Authors: Gong Qirui , Wang Niangui , Zhang Kaibo , Huang Shizhao , Wang Yuhan
Published: February 2020

A phosphaphenanthrene groups containing soybean oil based polyol (DSBP) was synthesized
by epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and 9,10-dihydro-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide
(DOPO). Soybean oil based polyol (HSBP) was synthesized by ESO and H2O. The chemical structure
of DSBP and HSBP were characterized with FT-IR and 1H NMR. The corresponding rigid polyurethane
foams (RPUFs) were prepared by mixing DSBP with HSBP. The results revealed apparent density
and compression strength of RPUFs decreased with increasing the DSBP content. The cell structure
of RPUFs was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) which displayed the cells as spherical
or polyhedral. The thermal degradation and flame retardancy of RPUFs were investigated by thermogravimetric
analysis, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and UL 94 vertical burning test. The degradation
activation energy (Ea) of first degradation stage reduced from 80.05 kJ/mol to 37.84 kJ/mol with 80
wt% DSBP. The RUPF with 80 wt% DSBP achieved UL94 V-0 rating and LOI 28.3. The results
showed that the flame retardant effect was mainly in both gas phase and condensed phase.
Susceptibility Factors for Early Reamputation in Diabetic Great Toe Gangrene
Authors: Primadhi Raden A.
Published: February 2020

Introduction:

The effectiveness of the treatment has long been significant in diabetes and its
complications, especially in developing countries. Prolonged hospitalization and repeated surgery
should be avoided due to clinical and economic reasons. Wound breakdowns or necrosis can occur after
amputation procedures, and subsequently will require reamputation. This study analyzed susceptibility
factors in diabetic foot patients undergoing prior high toe amputation that are thought to be related to
early reamputation.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective analysis in 107 patients that have undergone amputation for
great toe gangrene, during May 2014-April 2019. Demographic data, clinical features, laboratory results
and treatment modality, were documented and statistically analyzed by simple and multiple logistic regression
methods.

Results:

Of all 107 patients, 17 patients had to undergo early reamputation. Limited dorsiflexion, level
of amputation, and sepsis condition is shown to be significantly associated with first amputation. Multiple
logistic regression analysis confirmed a significant association of early reamputation with amputation
or disarticulation at the level of the metatarsophalangeal joint.

Conclusion:

While limited ankle dorsiflexion and sepsis conditions need to be addressed comprehensively,
from the surgical options point of view, we suggest ray amputation to be preferred over metatarsophalangeal
joint disarticulation to prevent early reamputation.
N-doped ZnO: Efficient Photocatalyst for Decomposition of Methylene Blue
Authors: Raj Benjamin , Sahu Kishor Kumar , Mohapatra Mamata , Padhy Arun Kumar
Published: February 2020

Background:

Herein, we have synthesized nitrogen doped zinc oxide (N-ZnO) by
using imidazole derivative as an organic precursor.

Methods:

The metal oxide nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope
(SEM), and UV-visible spectroscopic techniques. The surface area and pore size distribution
were also measured by the BET surface area analyzer. The enhanced surface area
reveals that the synthesized materials have better active sites for the amputation of organic
dyes.

Results and Conclusion:

The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was chosen to
evaluate the photocatalytic activity of N-ZnO nanoparticles, with results indicating that the
material exhibited higher activity towards the degradation of methylene blue.
Big Data Security Issues from the Perspective of IoT and Cloud Computing: A Review
Authors: Ray Soumya , Mishra Kamta Nath , Dutta Sandip
Published: February 2020

Background:

The data is one of the prime assets in today’s world. The continuous data generation ultimately creates huge volume of data that cannot be processed or stored by a normal relational database management system. This problem is addressed by a new concept: Big Data. Apart from the size of data, security and privacy of data are the more challenging issues in Big data technology.

Objective:

The primary objective of the research is to identify the potential security threats of different big data computing technologies and provide a defense mechanism to mitigate the issues.

Methods:

To identify the security issues, different existing big data systems are thoroughly analysed
and observed. Security systems are completely dependent on the system architecture. This can
be a single architecture (dependent on one computing technology) or multi architecture type (dependent
on multiple computing technologies). The internal mechanism of different technologies is
observed and how the attacks change the behavioural pattern of the systems is the main backbone of
the research. Based on the behaviour of dissimilar attacks, a comprehensive defense mechanism is
identified. Security and privacy challenges of mobile healthcare are also considered as a case study.

Results:

The complete lists of big data computing security threats in different layers of the systems are identified. Through this research the remedial measures of the different attacks are found. The security challenges of mobile healthcare technology and its predictive measurements are sorted out. The changes of big data security systems behaviour based on its architecture are of the major findings of this research.

Conclusion:

The integration of mobile healthcare along with Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain computing can enhance the system level and hence security threats can be minimized.
Implementasi program pembelajaran dalam lingkungan berbahasa Inggris pada playgroup and kindergarten
Authors: Kimalasari Fitriani
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan program pembelajaran dalam lingkungan berbahasa Inggris yang terdiri atas: perencanaan pembelajaran, pelaksanaan pembelajaran, dan evaluasi pembelajaran di kelas Kidergarten Ananda Mentari Playgroup and kindergarten Bumijo Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek dari penelitian ini yaitu 1 kepala sekolah, 1 guru kindergarten, 1 tenaga kependidikan, 1 trainer, dan 1 wali murid. Objek penelitian yaitu program pembelajaran dalam lingkungan berbahasa Inggris. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan menggunakan wawancara terstruktur, observasi, dokumentasi serta catatan lapangan. Instrument penelitian menggunakan model interaktif yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Keabsahan data penelitian diuji dengan menggunakan triangulasi teknik dan triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) Perencanaan program pembelajaran dalam lingkungan berbahasa Inggris menggunakan kurikulum adaptasi dari 4 negara, (2) Pelaksanaan kegiatan pembelajaran, metode dan materi untuk anak didik menggunakan bahasa Inggris dengan jenis kegiatan eksploratif. (3) Evaluasi pembelajaran dilakukan menggunakan checklist dan anekdot sesuai usia perkembangan anak. (4) Faktor pendukung program pembelajaran adalah kerjasama antar guru dan parents club. (5) Faktor penghambat program pembelajaran adalah persaingan dengan sekolah lain, lokasi tidak strategis, dan sulit mencari guru yang memenuhi kriteria AbstractThe purpose of this research is to describe a learning program based on English-language environment which consist of study planning, implementing, and evaluating that applied in kindergarten class at Ananda Mentari Playgroup and Kindergerten Bumijo Yogyakarta. This study requires descriptive method and qualitative approach. The subjects of this research are one of headmaster, one of kindergarten teacher, one trainer, and one of student guardian. The object of this study is about learning in an English-language environment. The data collection techniques used in this research are such as structured interviews, observations, documentations also field notes. The instrument has a interactive model consist of data reduction, data presentation, and data conclusion. This study shows that (1) the learning program based on English-language environment planning is adopted from 4 countries curriculums, (2) the english based study implementation, methods, and materials for the students are using a more explorative activities, (3) class evaluation used by checklist and anecdote suited for children growth, (4) the supporting factors of the learning program are cooperation between teachers and parents clubs. (5) the inhibiting factor of the learning program is competition with other schools, the location is not strategic, and it is difficult to find teachers who meet the criteria.
Pembelajaran Menggambar dengan Accelerated Drawing Technique (ADT) untuk Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Putri Sevilia Sujarwo Indrias , Trisakti Trisakti
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui pembelajaran menggambar Accelerated  Drawing  Technique  (ADT)  di  sanggar  Creativ  Kids  Kediri. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa usia dini di sanggar Creativ Kids Kediri, sebanyak 36 siswa. Pembelajaran menggambar Accelerated Drawing Technique (ADT) adalah teknik  cepat menggambar  dengan  menggunakan  bidang  yang  ditarik  garis lurus atau lengkung sehingga menghasilkan gambar hewan yang diinginkan. Dari hasil penelitian yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa di sanggar ini dapat menggambar dengan Accelerated Drawing Technique (ADT).  Hal  itu  dapat  dilihat  dari  hasil  karya  yang  dibuat  oleh  siswa  di sanggar. Hasil karya siswa sanggar yang mendapat kriteria baik 53%, kriteria cukup 33%, kriteria kurang 14%. Pembelajaran menggambar Accelerated Drawing Technique (ADT) ini menanamkan karakter positif di antaranya kreatif, disiplin, tanggung jawab, dan menghargai karya. Selain itu karya yang dibuat memiliki keunikan tersendiri.  Karya tulis ilmiah ini dapat bermanfaat sebagai  referensi  di  dunia  pendidikan  baik  untuk  siswa  maupun  guru  di sanggar maupun sekolah.
Pembelajaran Menggambar Berbasis Cerita di Taman-kanak
Authors: Prayitno Prayitno
Published: February 2020

Cerita merupakan salah satu hal yang sangat disukai anak-anak, apalagi cerita yang disampaikan bertema yang disukai anak-anak. Ketika anak-anak menggambar dan mewarnai, cerita berfungsi sebagai media anak untuk mengungkapkan serta mengekspresikan hasil karya gambarnya. Tujuan penulisan artikel penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan bagiamana pembelajaran menggambar berbasis cerita di salah satu sekolah TK swasta di Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode evaluatif. Fokus kajian penelitian ini meliputi desain pembelajaran, proses pembelajaran dan hasil dari pembelajaran menggambar berbasis cerita. Desain pembelajaran yang dibuat supaya anak bisa mengenal karakteristik binatang khususnya binatang yang bisa terbang, hal ini diekspresikan melalui gambar dan imajinasi anak. Proses pembelajaran ini bisa dijadikan referensi serta dapat membantu guru dalam menyampaikan pelajaran, karena dengan media cerita pelajaran akan lebih mudah diserap oleh anak. Hasil dari pembelajaran ini dapat meningkatkan anak terutama level taman kanak-kanak dalam mengembangkan daya imajinasi dan menghasilkan karya gambar yang bervariatif sesuai dengan gaya gambar masing- masing anak.
Mosquito Trap In The Laboratory Of FMIPA UNY'S Biological Garden To Reduce Mosquito Disorders
Authors: Saputra Dian , Rahmawati Fauziah , Nisa Devia Khoirun , Putri Astried Hanggana
Published: February 2020

Mosquitoes are animals that are very often found in everyday life. Starting from the home environment, to the school environment. Mosquitoes are also animals that can carry various diseases. The FMIPA UNY Biology Garden Laboratory is overgrown with trees and there is a pool of water from several ponds that are deliberately made. That is what makes mosquitoes like the environment that is included in their habitat. At the UNY Biology Garden Laboratory, which is one of the student learning locations, mosquitoes are found flying and sometimes disrupting learning activities because they can stab and cause itching. The disturbance is feared to cause mosquito-borne diseases in students who are active in biology gardens. So that mosquito traps are made that are modified and adapted to the needs and location of the target. The tool made is a simple mosquito trap that utilizes a pool of water from a fish pond and a net from mesh or paranet cloth. The target place is the FMIPA UNY Biology Garden Laboratory, especially the pool area. While the target is the larvae or seeds of mosquitoes left by the mother. It is expected that the mosquitoes will perch on the paranet to lay eggs, then the eggs will fall down and will be eaten by fish. This is in addition to reducing the growth of mosquitoes, it can also be used for alternative food for fish, which can reduce spending to buy fish feed. Key words: mosquitos, trap
GROWING ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY TOWARDS ADIWIYATA SCHOOLS THROUGH NATURAL SCIENCE LEARNING BASED ON PEDAGOGY FOR SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Susilowati Susilowati , Wilujeng Insih , Hastuti Purwanti Widhy
Published: February 2020

Environmental awareness is an issue that continues to evolve with the development of science and technology. Various problems that arise include attitudes to protect the environment, to choose a healthy lifestyle, to utilize natural resources, to deal with natural disasters, and to concern about the rising global temperatures. The government carries out the Adiwiyata school program with the aim to instill values of environmental awareness for students. This leads to the importance of building environmental literacy to direct in building the environmentally-aware attitude that supports the preparation to become Adiwiyata schools. Learning based on sustainability (pedagogy for sustainability) has the potential to be integrated in science learning, considering that natural science subjects examine natural phenomena and the symptoms physically, chemically, and biologically as well as the relation to technology, environment, and society. Attitudes and actions towards environmental literacy can be inculcated through the development of learning processes containing pedagogy for sustainability that emphasizes activities to seek, explore, discuss, and investigate information and also to plan actions that are beneficial to the environment and do not carry any negative impacts on future generations.
The Development of the Character-Based Science Comics Learning Media to Improve Self-Reliance Learning the Students of SMP
Authors: Sulistya Utami , Projosantoso Anti Kolonial
Published: February 2020

The purposes of this research were: 1) to produce, 2) to know the quality, and 3) to know the effect character-based science comic learning media in improving the self-reliance learning of the students on Junior High School and the improvement of the character building. This particular research was Research and Development (RD) referring to 10 steps developed by Borg Gall, but this research was conducted only for 1-9 steps. The subjects of the research were 36 students; 10 students participated in the preliminary field test and 26 students in the main field test. Data collection techniques were interviews, questionnaires, and observations. The result of the research showed that: 1) the developed character-based science comic learning media developed using steps proposed by Borg and Gall, 2) the quality of the Science comic learning media is good, and 3) learning using the science comic learning media improve the students’ self-reliance learning and character building.
HISTORIS DAN RITUALISME TRADISI ZIARAH MAKAM KELEANG DI DUSUN KELAMBI DESA PANDAN INDAH: STUDI TERHADAP PENDEKATAN ANTROPOLOGI
Authors: Rohimi Rohimi
Published: February 2020

Ziarah makam adalah salah satu bentuk budaya atau adat istiadat bagi sebagian masyarakat di Indonesia. Dan ziarah makam, dilakukan dengan mengunjungi makam wali, para ulama, dan juga makam keluarga. Dan dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari atau menganalisis terkait dengan tradisi masyarakat Dusun Kelambi, Kecamatan Praya Barat Daya, Lomok Tengah yang memiliki tradisi ziarah ke makam Keleang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif fenomena yang terjadi pada kebiasaan yang telah diturunkan dari leluhur masyarakat Dusun Kelambi terkait dengan ziarah ke makam Keleang. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi dan wawancara dengan beberapa responden yang menjadi sumber data. Hasil dan diskusi dalam penelitian ini. Pertama, terkait dengan sejarah makam keleng, yang di klaim sebagai salah satu tempat persinggahan atau tempat pertapaan wali Allah ketika menyebarkan Islam di Lombok, dan di tempat itu salah satu dari wali tersebut ketinggalan sorbannya atau selsendangnya, yang dalam bahasa sasak selendang berarti “leang”. Jadi itulah asal muasal nama makam keleang. Kedua, kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh warga Dusun Kelambi saat melakukan kunjungan ziarah ke makam Keleang, yaitu seperti membakar timbung, membuat ketupat, menyemblih binatang, mempersiapkan sesajen untuk acara dzikir dan do’a (roah), mencuci muka dengan air ditambahkan ke tanah di dalam makam dan acara terakhir yakni dzikir dan do’a. Dan masyarakat Dusun Kelambi melakukan kunjungan ziarah ke makam sebanyak dua kali setahun yakni di awal musim hujan dan kedua di awal musim panas atau musim kemarau.
Modeling Gait Patterns of a Patient with Orthopedic Injury Using an Exoskeleton
Authors: Yatsun S. F. , Al Manji Khalil Hamed Mohammed Hamood , Postolny A. A. , Yatsun A. S.
Published: February 2020

Purpose of reseach. The paper describes the EXOLITE-REHAB rehabilitation robotic complex which makes it possible to do rehabilitation exercises of lower limbs of patients by performing leg lifting, verticalization, squats and other types of movement. In many countries, research work is underway to create devices that allow a person to move in space when the musculo-skeletal system is damaged.  Therefore, the purpose of this article is to study and set the basic regularities and algorithms based on mathematical models describing the controlled movement of the lower limbs exoskeleton by the example of modeling the movement of the exoskeleton's ankle joint.

Methods. The key feature of the complex is the use of a follower-up control system that allows us to provide a prescribed movement of the human ankle joint with a high degree of accuracy in a wide range of parameters’ changes. Methods of mathematical modeling of the ankle joint movement are applied, taking into account their subsequent possible use in modeling the movement of exoskeleton links.

Results. A kinematic setting of the ankle joint movement trajectory  is used in order to simulate the operation of a robotic system. In order to find the vector of generalized coordinates, the inverse kinematics problem is solved using the vector-matrix method with the application of Jacobian matrix. The results of numerical simulation show high convergence and adequacy of the proposed method.

Conclusion. The article considers the method of using a follower-up control system that has a sufficient degree of accuracy of copying the trajectory. The results of modeling the follower-up control system of the EXOLITE-REHAB rehabilitation exoskeleton, working according to the developed algorithm, show that it is able to repeat the required trajectory with sufficient accuracy. In the future, we plan to study the system more deeply on a three-dimensional model with electric drives.
Software of Rational Choice of Adaptive Technologies for the Cultivation of Grain Crops as an Element of Agriculture Digitalization
Authors: Gostev A. V. , Pykhtin A. I. , Lyubitsky N. I.
Published: February 2020

Purpose of research. The goal of research is to develop a science-based decision support system for agricultural producers to choose adaptive technologies for growing crops in the European part of Russia.

Methods. System approach, database design theory, mathematical modeling, software and information systems development theory, software qualimetry methods.

Results. The paper consistently addresses the issues of the need to digitalize agriculture, describes the results of current research on this topic, identifies areas for further research of such developments, and describes the process of creating and testing application software in stages on the example of our own research. As a result of the conducted research, a finished product has been created and tested. It is a computer program that solves not only the problem of increasing the profitability of grain production, but also ensures the environmental orientation of the technologies used, which is extremely important and relevant at the present time. The proposed software package consists of a client-server application for personal computers, a web application, a mobile application for smartphones based on the Android operating system, and two databases (for personal computers and for the online version of the application).

Conclusion. There has been created software that allows us to select the technology for cultivating the given grain crop, taking into account the prevailing soil and climatic conditions of a particular territory, and, thus,it can help to increase the profitability of grain production, ensure the environmental orientation of the applied technologies by effectively using mineral fertilizers, fuel and chemical plant protection productsand select the optimal variety or hybrid of grain crops. It can also help to choose agricultural machinery, taking into account the requirements of import substitution and preliminary calculation of the economic efficiency of the proposed agricultural technology.
Study of Electric Spark Coatings Properties Obtained by Electrodes from Titanium Electroerosive Particles
Authors: Ageeva E. V. , Latypov R. A. , Novikov E. P. , Sabel’nikov B. N.
Published: February 2020

Purpose of reseach. Modern car is a very complex system which has about 15... 20 thousand parts. More than 7 thousand lose their initial characteristics during operational process. As practice shows, more than 4000 car parts lose their operability much earlier than the expiration of vehicle life as a whole. These factors lead to significant repair costs, as well as profit losses caused by long delays in part of the rolling stock. Efficiency and qualitative improvement growth of various areas of public production pose new and more complex tasks to increase the efficiency and reliability of parts. These tasks can be solved both by creating special innovative materials and by developing and introducing into production the latest methods of car parts strengthening and applying protective coatings. Electric spark alloying of metal surfaces is one of these methods. Electric spark alloying is widespread in most industries, including automotive manufacturing, mechanical engineering and metalworking. Electric spark alloying method provides high degree of adhesion, high efficiency and low energy consumption. Electrodes with nano particles are of greatest interest. The most promising method is electroerosive dispersion used in the production of nano materials. The purpose of the work is to study coatings' properties obtained by electric spark alloying using powder electrodes made from electroerosive particles obtained in distilled water from titanium alloy wastes of grade ВТ6.

Methods. ВТ6 grade chips were used to prepare titanium powder by electroerosive dispersion. Consolidation of the particles received by electroerosive dispersion of BT6 titanic alloy waste is done by spark plasma agglomeration method with the use of spark plasma agglomeration system of SPS 25-10. UR-121 installation was used to cover electrospark coverings. Experimental pictures on QUANTA 600 FEG raster (scanning) electronic microscope were made to study coverings' form and morphology. X-ray spectrum analysis was performed by EDAX 's energy dispersion X-ray analyzer built into QUANTA 600 FEG raster electron microscope. Surface roughness of samples was examined on SURTRONIC 25 profilometer.

Results. It was experimentally stated that titanium, oxygen, aluminium and tungsten are the main elements in the sintered sample of titanium particles obtained in distilled water. It was stated as a result of properties investigation of powder electrodes from electroerosive particles and coatings obtained by electrospark alloying. Other elements are present in minor amounts. Roughness of electric spark coated samples is Rz 13.2 um (Ra 2.14 um). These particles obtained in water distilled from ВТ6 titanium alloy waste can be used for electrodes suitable for automotive parts recovering by electric spark alloying.

Conclusion. Obtained results can be used in creation of resource-saving processes of metal alloys and composite materials.
Algorithms for Functioning of the Magneto-Metric System to Provide Search and Rescue Operations Using Unmanned Flying Vehicles
Authors: Gutsevich D. E. , Proskuryakov G. M. , Slonov V. N. , Teterin D. P. , Titenko E. A. , Frolov S. N. , Lisitzin L. A.
Published: February 2020

Purpose of research. Reducing the time and increasing the efficiency of search and rescue of crews of land vehicles, air, surface and underwater craft. Combining physical, informational, and geometric parameters allows reliable detection of single ferromagnetic bodies by analyzing additional information in working algorithms.

Methods. The paper contains a practically significant variant of building a search engine that is implemented on two or more unmanned flying vehicles moving in the search area in a coordinated formation at the basic distance. The solution system is based on using magnetic field components as magnetometric information without using primary gradient information. This feature allows us to get compact and functionally complete algorithms. Calculations using such algorithms ensure the stability of an  unmanned flying vehicle in various combinations of vector, roll and pitch.

Results. Algorithms for the functioning of the magnetometric system for searching ferromagnetic bodies based on the magnetostatic equations have been constructed in the article,. The intelligent system is based on the scheme of a measuring and computing circuit with staggered vector three-axis blocks of magnetometers in space. The system is able to solve the whole range of problems of search, detection, direction finding, localization, positioning and identification of metal objects that have their own magnetic field.

Conclusion. The main result of the study is that the working algorithms for detecting ferromagnetic bodies take into account the characteristics of the air environment, the instrumental error of measurement units of physical quantities and  the geometric proportions of measuring equipment  location  on board the unmanned and manned search and rescue helicopters. The obtained research results have been used in the development of a hardware and software complex with helicopter-type unmanned flying vehicles designed to support search and rescue operations in the Arctic.
Development Status and Business Solution of Ultra-high Pressure Food
Authors: Chen Jun , Zhao Chenyang , Xu Shiyan , Liu Kaikai
Published: February 2020

Ultra-high pressure food processing technology refers to the technology of sterilizing food under thousands of atmospheric pressure without destroying the properties of food raw materials. Japan is a world leader in HPP technology. Significant achievements have been made in experimental equipment, production equipment, processing, sterilization and preservation of ultra-high pressure technology. Almost all natural, safe and healthy HPP food jams and fruit juices have been commercialized. Germany, the United States, France, the United Kingdom and other countries are also unwilling to fall behind, they are scrambling to carry out research on ultra-high voltage technology and have achieved industrialization results.China’s research on food ultra-high pressure technology started late. After nearly ten years of technical digestion and research, the research results have been achieved in stages, but there is still a large gap compared with developed countries. This article outlines the application of HPP technology in food processing, briefly analyzes the development of HPP food technology in China today, and establishes a cold chain supply chain model to identify problems and propose certain countermeasures, with a view to addressing HPP technology in food and chemicals industry.
Education and Poverty in Morocco: A Computable General Equilibrium Micro-simulation Analysis
Authors: KARIM Mohamed , EL MOUSSAOUI Mohamed
Published: February 2020

The paper uses a micro-simulation computable general equilibrium model (CGE) to analyze the impact on poverty of public spending in higher education in Morocco. The model incorporates 7062 households derived from the 2007 National Survey on Household Living Standards (ENNVM). Two scenarios are simulated: a 100% reduction in the unit cost of higher education supported by households and a 50% reduction in public spending on higher education. In this study, it is assumed that the investment behavior of households is linked to the share of the unit cost financed by the government in higher education. The results show that the policy of exempting households from bearing any unit cost of higher education encourages them to invest massively in education, which leads to increasing their income and consequently improving welfare and reducing poverty and inequalities. On the other hand, the reduction in public investment in higher education affects negatively the behavior of households to invest in education which leads to a decrease in welfare, an increase in poverty and a rise of inequalities.
Codeswitching as Projection of Bilingual Lemmas in Contact
Authors: Wei Longxing
Published: February 2020

Unlike most previous studies of Codeswitching (CS) focused on describing surface configurations of switched items (i.e., where CS is structurally possible) or the switched items (i.e., what items from another language can be switched), this paper explores formulation processes of bilingual speech and the nature of the bilingual mental lexicon and its activity in CS. More specifically, it applies the Bilingual Lemma Activation Model (Wei, 2002, 2006b) to the data drawn from various naturally occurring CS instances. It claims that the mental lexicon does not simply contain lexemes and their meanings, but also lemmas, which are abstract entries in the mental lexicon that support the surface realization of actual lexemes. Lemmas are abstract in that they contain phonological, morphological, semantic, syntactic and pragmatic information about lexemes. It further claims that lemmas in the bilingual mental lexicon are language-specific and are in contact during a discourse involving CS at three levels of abstract lexical structure: lexical-conceptual structure, predicate-argument structure, and morphological realization patterns. The CS instances described and analyzed in this paper provide evidence that the bilingual speaker’s two linguistic systems are unequally activated in CS, and CS is an outcome of bilingual lemmas in contact.
La vida psíquica del poder a partir del caso Yndira Sandoval
Authors: Yébenes Escardó Zenia
Published: February 2020

El caso de Yndira Sandoval contribuye a dilucidar tres aspectos cuya relevancia pretendemos mostrar en estas páginas. En primer lugar, de qué forma el Estado moderno, como construcción social que contiene un exceso que no puede controlar, anima tecnologías de control que se aplican a los cuerpos marcados por la diferencia étnica y sexual. En segundo lugar, cómo esa tecnología de control está respaldada por una fantasía de violencia sexual que autoriza un escenario real vinculado con el rol del Estado-Nación. Finalmente, cómo el caso devela el escenario que atraviesa el concepto —fantasmático— del Estado-Nación en relación precisamente con las diferencias que se hicieron acuciantes entre las filas del activismo feminista mexicano en torno al desarrollo de los acontecimientos.
Evaluación de la supervivencia en sitios reforestados como indicador de la restauración del paisaje en el Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Nevado de Toluca
Authors: Reyes González Erika Rocío , Hernández Jardines Gustavo Enrique , Calvillo Arriola Atzin Elihu
Published: February 2020

Gran parte de los ecosistemas forestales del planeta han sufrido degradación principalmente por prácticas relacionadas con el cambio de uso de suelo para fines agropecuarios, incluida la tala ilegal. El Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Nevado de Toluca no queda exenta de los efectos de la deforestación y la degradación del bosque templado. Instituciones de gobierno, academia y sociedad civil han emprendido acciones de restauración y recuperación en favor de esta área protegida. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los resultados de la evaluación de la supervivencia de 144 plantaciones realizadas por Reforestamos México, asociación civil sin fines lucrativos, durante los años 2011 a 2015. El índice de supervivencia propuesto por la Comisión Nacional Forestal (Conafor) para evaluar el éxito de las plantaciones estima la cantidad de árboles vivos y muertos para obtener el porcentaje de supervivencia de cada predio con base en el número de árboles plantados para las plantaciones de los años 2014 y 2015. Además, se midió el vigor de los árboles y se determinó la especie que presentó la mejor respuesta de crecimiento y desarrollo únicamente para las plantaciones de los años 2014 y 2015. Las mayores supervivencias se localizaron en los parajes Latas Viejas (82%), Cerro Prieto (79%) y San José de las Huertas (79%), municipio de Zinacantepec, Estado de México, mientras que la menor supervivencia (36%) fue localizada en el paraje Cerro Gordo, en el mismo municipio. Pinus montezumae fue la especie que logró la mayor supervivencia (73%), mientras que Pinus hartwegii obtuvo la menor (70%). Esto último puede estar asociado a las pendientes pronunciadas, los suelos compactados por anteriores usos de suelos, el crecimiento de herbáceas por un mal mantenimiento y la presencia de ganado, factores que limitaron la supervivencia de las plantas.
STATUS ANAK DI LUAR NIKAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF SEJARAH SOSIAL
Authors: Kudrat
Published: February 2020

In literature of Islamic jurisprudence, children born outside marriage consider to have family line with their mother. It also has similarity with Indonesian’s law stating in the Marriage Act and the Compilation of Islamic Law. The significant changes occur after judgment of Constitutional Court No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010, stating that children outside of marriage have also family line with their father, as long as can be proofed biologically through science and technology and/or other evidences. This article use historical social approach to analyse a legal history of Constitutional Court judgment. The writer personally argues that Constitutional Court considers the welfare of children as justification of family line with father. The advance development in science and technology such as using Desoxyribo Nucleic Acid (DNA) can give evidence in searching the family’s line. This consideration gives a strong legal background for Constitutional Court to protect private rights of children born outside marriage.

Abstrak. Dalam khazanah fikih Islam seorang anak yang lahir di luar nikah hanya mempunyai hubungan nasab dengan ibunya. Demikian pula dengan aturan hukum positif Indonesia dalam Undang-Undang Perkawinan dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Perubahan muncul pada Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 menyebutkan bahwa anak yang lahir di luar nikah juga memiliki hubungan darah dengan laki-laki sebagai ayahnya, hubungan keperdataan dengan keluarga ayah selama dapat dibuktikan berdasarkan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi dan/atau alat bukti lain. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sejarah sosial untuk menganalisis histitorisitas munculnya putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi . Berdasarkan analisis penulis, Mahkamah Konstitusi menjadikan kesejahteraan anak sebagai alasan pembenaran hubungan keperdataan dengan dengan ayah biologisnya. Di samping itu juga kemajuan teknologi membantu membuktikan adanya hubungan antara anak dan ayahnya melalui tes DNA. Pertimbangan ini menjadi alasan kuat Mahkamah Konstitusi utuk melindungi hak-hak keperdataan bagi anak yang lahir di luar pernikahan.

Kata kunci: status, anak, luar nikah
TINDAK PIDANA KERUSAKAN LINGKUNGAN DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 32 TAHUN 2009 DAN TINJAUAN FIQH AL- BI’AH
Authors: Ridwansyah Muhammad
Published: February 2020

The arrangement of environmental law in Indonesia shows significant improvement in Act Number 32 of 2009 on the Protecting and Managing Environment, having criminal threat in Articles 98, 99, and 100. This article has two main concerns, firstly is arrangement of crime on the environmental destruction in Act Number 32 of 2009 on the Protecting and Managing Environment. Secondly is the conformity between concept fiqh al-bi’ah and Act Number 32 of 2009 on the Protecting and Managing Environment. So far criminal offence stated in Act Number 32 of 2009 on the Protecting and Managing Environment is not enough strong to catch environmental destroyer. In this context the government must amend the articles, which is not in accordance with law enforcement. There are similarities between concept of fiqh al-bi’ah and environmental arrangement existing in Indonesia. The concept of fiqh al-bi’ah is part of maqashidul syari’ah, and Islam strongly suggests protecting and looking after the environments.

Abstrak. Pengaturan hukum lingkungan hidup di Indonesia sudah mulai membaik dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup memuat ancaman pidana tercantum pada Pasal 98, 99, dan 100. Studi ini ada dua pertanyaan yang difokuskan. Pertama, bagaimanakah pengaturan tindak pidana dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Kedua, apakah konsep Fiqh al-Bi’ah sejalan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah tindak pidana yang terdapat pada Undang-Undang tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup belum cukup mampu menjerat perusak lingkungan hidup. Dalam hal ini diharapkan Pemerintah dapat merevisi pasal-pasal yang tidak sesuai. Selanjutnya hasil dari penelitian ini adanya kesamaan konsep antara fiqh al bi’ah dengan pengaturan lingkungan yang ada di Indonesia. karena menurut konsep yang ditawarkan fiqh al bi’ah merupakan bagian dari maqashidul syari’ah sehingga Islam sangat menganjurkan bahwa lingkungan disekitar harus dijaga.

Kata Kunci: Lingkungan Hidup, Fiqh al-Bi’ah, Maqasid al-Syari’ah.
ZAKAT BATU AKIK HASIL TAMBANG MENURUT PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Rizkiyallah
Published: February 2020

Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) sets certain wealth that is charitable, such as agricultural products, mining, and cattle. However, people in the community pay zakat (compulsory charity or religious tax) on the mining product (Batu Akik, agate) as found in the community in Beutong, Nagan Raya. This research aimed to investigate the zakat of batu akik from the Islamic law perspective. The research problem was whether the mining product (batu akik) is eligible to pay zakat or not. Besides, it also investigated the society perspective on zakat, the payment system, and the calculation. The research findings indicated that batu akik was the primary source of income; therefore the society perception mentioned that they had to pay zakat on it when reached the nisab (minimum amount of wealth eligible to pay zakat).  The payment system of zakat of in Beutong, Nagan Raya reached the nisab after the batu akik is sold. It is eligible to pay 2,5% zakat if the sale reached the nisab and the haul.

Abstrak:  Dalam fikih ditetapkan beberapa harta yang dapat dizakatkan, misalnya hasil pertanian, pertambangan, dan binatang ternak. Namun dalam konteks masyarakat telah dipraktekkan mengenai zakat Batu Akik hasil pertambangan, sebagaimana terjadi pada masyarakat di Kecamatan Beutong Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Menarik kiranya mengkaji lebih lanjut tentang zakat Batu Akik ditinjau menurut hukum Islam. Pertanyaannya adalah apakah batu akik hasil tambang wajib dikeluarkan zakat menurut Hukum Islam, bagaimana persepsi masyarakat terhadap zakat tersebut, serta bagaimana sistem pembayaran zakat batu akik dan kadar nisabnya sebagaimana yang terjadi pada masyarakat di Kecamatan Beutong Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Persepsi masyarakat batu akik dapat menjadi sumber ekonomi yang bermanfaat, diwajibkan mengeluarkan zakat dari penghasilan batu akik ketika telah sampai nisab. Sistem pembayaran zakat batu akik pada masyarakat Kecamatan Beutong Kabupaten Nagan Raya berikut dengan batasan nisabnya adalah dengan mengeluarkan zakat hasil penjualan batu akik. Hasil penjualan batu akik dizakatkan ketika sudah mencapai nisab, yaitu 2,5% dan telah sampai haul.

Kata Kunci: Zakat, Batu Akik, Tambang, Hukum Islam
QUO VADIS PEKERJA ANAK PADA PERKEBUNAN TEMBAKAU DI KABUPATEN JEMBER
Authors: Rosita
Published: February 2020

The most significant share of child laborers in the world is in agriculture and plantations, where they do various types of agricultural jobs, ranging from small to medium family farming to large agricultural, plantation or agroindustry businesses. The ILO estimates that more than 132 million girls and boys aged 5-14 years old are involved in planting, harvesting agricultural products, spraying pesticides and raising livestock in rural areas and plantations worldwide. The child labor phenomenon in tobacco plantations in Jember Regency has existed since the Dutch colonial era. Several studies have been conducted concerning child labor in tobacco businesses, such as YPSM (1988), Pusat Analisis Sosial Akatiga Bandung (1994 and 2002), Mahbubah (2003), revealed that the problem of child labor and its influencing factors are the "constant" issue. This phenomenon is ironic, considering that Jember tobacco is one of the leading export products for Indonesian tobacco, which significantly benefits the country and entrepreneurs. Although child labor has been banned, many plantations in Jember Regency still employ children. Many factors contribute to child labor in several plantations in Jember Regency, including economic and educational factors.

Abstrak: Bagian terbesar pekerja anak di dunia bekerja di pertanian dan perkebunan, di mana mereka melakukan berbagai jenis pekerjaan pertanian baik usaha pertanian keluarga berukuran kecil maupun sedang hingga usaha pertanian, perkebunan atau agro industri yang besar. ILO memperkirakan bahwa di seluruh dunia lebih dari 132 juta anak perempuan dan laki-laki berusia 5-14 tahun terlibat dalam kegiatan penanaman, pemanenan hasil pertanian, penyemprotan pestisida dan pemeliharaan ternak di wilayah-wilayah pedesaan dan perkebunan. Fenomena pekerja anak di perkebunan Tembakau  pada Kabupaten Jember sudah ada sejak zaman penjajahan Belanda. Beberapa penelitian yang telah dilakukan mengenai pekerja anak di usaha tembakau seperti yang dilakukan oleh YPSM (1988), Pusat Analisis Sosial Akatiga Bandung (1994 dan 2002), Mahbubah (2003) menunjukkan bahwa masalah pekerja anak dan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkannya merupakan masalah yang “konstan”. Hal ini tentu saja menjadi sangat ironis mengingat tembakau Jember merupakan salah satu produk andalan ekspor bagi tembakau di Indonesia yang banyak memberi keuntungan bagi negara dan pengusaha. Meskipun telah dilarang akan tetapi masih banyak perkebunan di Kabupaten Jember yang mempekerjakan anak, hal ini karena terdapat banyak faktor yang menyebabkan mengapa anak masih banyak yang terlihat di beberapa perkebunan di Kabupaten Jember, salah satunya adalah faktor ekonomi dan faktor pendidikan.

Kata Kunci : Pekerja Anak, Perkebunan tembakau, Kabupaten Jember
“As outras vozes”: Percursos femininos, cultura política e processos emancipatórios na Guiné-Bissau
Authors: Godinho Gomes Patricia Alexandra
Published: February 2020

Na Guiné-Bissau, a luta armada de libertação nacional desencadeada entre os anos 1960 e 1970 conseguiu aglutinar em torno de uma causa comum os diferentes povos. Nesse processo, as mulheres participaram ativamente. No entanto, a questão que se coloca é a de saber em que se traduziu a participação feminina nesse processo e quais foram as reivindicações nele geradas. Quais foram as conquistas e os limites da independência e o seu impacto nas mulheres? O texto procura discutir, a partir de algumas narrativas de mulheres que participaram de forma direta ou indireta no processo de independência, e com base em uma análise documental e bibliográfica e em perspectiva de gênero, os principais momento da construção da cidadania e de uma cultura política entre as mulheres guineenses.

Palavras-chave: colonialismo, luta de libertação, emancipação feminina.
Artefatos do "Quebra": indumentária étnica e estética da coleção perseverança
Authors: Almeida Anderson Diego Da Silva , De Andrade Fernando Antônio Gomes
Published: February 2020

Este artigo traduz a discussão que vem sendo construída sobre a indumentária étnica, especificamente de matriz afro-brasileira. Para tal narrativa, a temática envereda-se em apresentar alguns artefatos pertencentes à Coleção Perseverança: faixa, peitoral, coroa capacete, pulseiras e bolsas. Esta pesquisa seleciona, dentre as 215 peças da coleção, os adornos utilizados nos terreiros de Xangôs do estado de Alagoas. É importante entendermos que os artefatos selecionados representam a memória do “Quebra do Xangô”, em 1912, ato conhecido como a invasão e destruição de todos os terreiros nas cidades alagoanas, principalmente a capital Maceió. A Perseverança nasce nesse contexto, representando, além do fato que lhe deu origem, a cultura africana presente no estado. Portanto, a descrição, a seguir, traz o diálogo entre a memória, a representação e plasticidade.

Palavras-chave: indumentária, coleção, memória, plasticidade.