bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A method for measuring individual ion density in an Ar/He mixture inductively coupled plasma
Authors: Son Jin-Ung , Lee Moo-Hyun , Kim Min-Seok , Jung Jiwon , Seo Beom-Jun , Kim Ju Ho , Chung Chin-Wook
Published: February 2025

A method for measuring individual ion density and for measuring radial distribution is developed in an argon/helium mixture inductively coupled plasma using the floating harmonic method (FHM) and the electron energy probability function (EEPF) measurement. In order to measure the ion density, the ion saturation current is measured using the FHM, and the electron temperature and electron density are obtained from the EEPF measurement. In addition, plasma quasi-neutrality, ion acoustic wave dispersion relation, and ion saturation current formula are used to obtain the ion density. Ion density is compared for the case of using the common Bohm velocity and for the case of using the individual Bohm velocity. Under various conditions, increasing power results in higher density of both argon and helium ion, while argon ion density increase and helium ion density decreases with pressure. With increasing argon ratio and pressure, electron density increases, but electron temperature deceases. Consequently, fewer electrons are available to ionize He, leading to a reduction in helium ion density. The measured radial distributions of argon and helium ion at 5 mTorr reveal that the argon ion distribution exhibits a center-high distribution, whereas the helium ion distribution is relatively uniform. Keywords : Inductively coupled plasma, Ar/He mixture, ion density, floating harmonic method, electron energy probability function
Schwarzschild black hole in galaxies surrounded by a dark matter halo
Authors: Al-Badawi Ahmad , Shaymatov Sanjar , Sekhmani Yassine
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we derive a novel Schwarzschild-like black hole (BH) solution describing a static and asymptotically flat BH surrounded by a dark matter (DM) halo with a Dehnen-type density distribution in the surrounding environment. We investigate the properties of the obtained BH by studying the curvature properties and energy conditions in Einstein gravity. Furthermore, we explore the features of a novel Schwarzschild-like BH embedded in a DM halo with Dehnen-type density profile by analyzing the timelike geodesics of particles along with BH observable properties.
Quantum anomalous Hall effect in twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Wang Wen-Xiao , Liu Yi-Wen , He Lin
Published: February 2025

Recent advancements in two-dimensional van der Waals moirématerials have unveiled the captivating landscape of moiréphysics. In twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) at ‘magic angles’, strong electronic correlations give rise to a diverse array of exotic physical phenomena, including correlated insulating states, superconductivity, magnetism, topological phases, and the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect. Notably, the QAH effect demonstrates substantial promise for applications in electronic and quantum computing devices with low power consumption. This article focuses on the latest developments surrounding the QAH effect in magic-angle TBG. It provides a comprehensive analysis of magnetism and topology--two crucial factors in engineering the QAH effect within magic-angle TBG. Additionally, it offers a detailed overview of the experimental realization of the QAH effect in moiré superlattices. Furthermore, this review highlights the underlying mechanisms driving these exotic phases in moiré materials, contributing to a deeper understanding of strongly interacting quantum systems and facilitating the manipulation of new material properties to achieve novel quantum states.
Manipulation of Vortex Array via a Magnetism-Tunable Spin-Polarized Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy
Authors: Xia Bing , Chen Hong-Yuan , Zheng Jian , Yang Bo , Cai Jie , Zhang Yi , Yang Yi , Yang Hao , Guan Dan-Dan , Liu Xiao-Xue , Liu Liang , Li Yao-Yi , Wang Shi-Yong , Liu Can-Hua , Zheng Hao , Jia Jin-Feng
Published: February 2025

Manipulating and braiding Majorana zero modes (MZM) is a critical step toward realizing topological quantum computing. The primary challenge is controlling the vortex, which hosts the MZM, within a superconducting film in a spatially precise manner. To address this, we developed a magnetic force-based vortex control technology using the STM system with a self-designed 4-electrode piezo-scanner tube and investigated vortex manipulation on the NbSe2 superconducting film. We employed ferromagnetic tips to control the movement of vortex array induced by the tip's remanent magnetism. A magnetic core solenoid device was integrated into the STM system, and a strong magnetic tip demagnetization technique was developed, providing a viable technical solution for further enabling single vortex manipulation.
Utilization of River Snail Shells as Formaldehyde Absorbents
Authors: Tan Xiaofeng , Tian Chao , Li Wenyi , Yu Xinrui
Published: February 2025

This study addresses aquaculture waste management challenges by proposing a pollution control and resource utilization strategy through the calcination of discarded river snail shells (RSC) at different temperatures for formaldehyde absorption. The findings indicate that calcining RSC at 900°C transforms the material into calcium oxide with a porous structure, resulting in excellent adsorption capacity. Formaldehyde adsorption tests show that RSC calcined at both 900°C and 1000°C perform well in adsorption, with the 900°C calcined RSC demonstrating optimal effectiveness considering both economic and energy-saving factors. This approach presents an innovative solution for enhancing indoor air quality by incorporating shell powder into surface coatings.
Moisture Absorbing Properties of Alkylbenzenes with Experiment and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Calculation
Authors: Liu Zhifeng , Zhou Shangming , Liao Jianping , Gao Fan , Chen Yufei , Zhu Zhiping
Published: February 2025

The presence of moisture accelerates the aging of insulating oil thus greatly reducing the insulating performance. In this study, in order to investigate their absorb moisture characteristics, comparison experiments and molecular dynamics simulation calculations at 1wt% oil-water mixing were carried out for the alkylbenzene insulating oil, mineral oil and vegetable oil. The experiment results show that vegetable oil has the strongest moisture absorption ability, alkylbenzene insulating oil is the second, and mineral oil is the weakest at temperature 15-45°C and relative humidity 90%, as the temperature rises from 15°C to 30°C, the growth of the moisture absorption rate is significant, but as temperature rises from 30°C to 45°C the increase tendency is smaller; the results of molecular dynamics simulation the show that with the increase of temperature, the molecular motion is intensified, the interaction energy decreases, and the free volume and diffusion coefficient increase. These results help to understand the moisture absorption mechanism of alkylbenzene insulating oil and provide a theoretical basis for its storage and use.
Thermodynamic Study of CoCrFeNiX (X=Cu, Ti) High-Entropy Alloy
Authors: Liu Zhennan , Liu Cong , Sun Ying , Zhang Songyuan , Cheng Yong , Yao Chunling
Published: February 2025

Thermodynamic properties play a crucial role in the design of high-entropy alloys, and using reliable thermodynamic models for theoretical calculations to obtain key thermodynamic data of alloys has become an important and effective approach. This study predicts the mixing Gibbs free energy, mixing enthalpy, mixing entropy, excess Gibbs free energy, and excess entropy of the solid solution of the transition metal high-entropy alloy CoCrFeNi-X (X=Cu, Ti) system using binary infinite dilution activity coefficients, Miedema theory, and modified M-MIVM, while considering the difference in atomic size. From a thermodynamic perspective, the possibility, phase stability, and structural stability composition of these high-entropy alloys are evaluated. The research results show that the CoCrFeNi-X (X=Cu, Ti) system meets the thermodynamic criteria for high-entropy alloys and can form a five-component high-entropy alloy. For the CoCrFeNiCu alloy system, with appropriately balanced component content, the system’s mixing free energy is more negative, and the alloy structure is more stable. This rule guides the alloy composition design, resulting in a better scheme for the Co0.20Cr0.20Fe0.23Ni0.22Cu0.15 alloy. For the CoCrFeNiTi alloy system, with appropriately high Ni and low Ti conditions, the system’s mixing free energy is more negative, and the alloy structure is more stable. This rule guides the alloy composition design, resulting in a better scheme for the Co0.20Cr0.17Fe0.21Ni0.28Ti0.14 alloy. At high temperatures, the mixing free energy of these alloy systems significantly decreases, enhancing the stability of the alloys. This study provides reliable thermodynamic data and theoretical guidance for the design of CoCrFeNi-X (X=Cu, Ti) high-entropy alloys.
Case Analysis and Influencing Factors Research of Reactor Internals Baffle-Former Bolts on Irradiation Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking
Authors: Qin Wei , Xu Chaoliang , Liu Xiangbing , Yin Jian , Jin Xiao
Published: February 2025

In order to obtain the distribution characteristic of baffle-former bolts (BFBs) cracking due to irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC), the case analysis of 4 nuclear power plant (NPP) is carried out. Then a discussion about the irradiation damage, stress, temperature and water environment on IASCC is given. The analysis shows that a large number of BFBs are cracked. The BFBs in the middle domain are exposed to higher irradiation and cause more BFBs cracking in PB-2 NPP. Higher stress levels in the bottom and top domains with lower irradiation damage result in the BFBs fracture in G NPP. Higher irradiation temperatures will increase the BFBs swelling rate and alter the local water environment around BFBs, leading to more BFBs cracking in the T-1 NPP than in the D-1.
Preparation and Performance Research of Bio-based High Toughness Polylactic Acid Composites
Authors: Li Xinfang , Zhao Sufen , Wang Ziyang
Published: February 2025

The work aims to prepare the polylactic acid composites with high toughness by adding polybutylene succinate (PBS) with good toughening performance and acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) as an interface phase solvent and diisopropylbenzene peroxide (DCP) as a compatibilizer and polyamide compounds (TMC) as a nucleating agent. The bio-based polylactic acid composites are prepared by melt blending. The toughening agent and the effects of phase solvents and compatibilizers on the mechanical performances and transparency of PLA blends were studied. The research focused on investigating the effects of the toughening agent, compatibilizer, and interfacial compatibilizer on the mechanical performances and transparency of the PLA blends, with the aim of developing a high-toughness PLA preparation technology. The results indicated that when 0.4-0.6%. TMC was added to the PLA material, the crystallinity reached 32.7%, and the light transmittance exceeded 92%. Evidently, TMC can promote PLA nucleation and accelerate resin crystallization. The optimal mass ratio of each component in the PLA/PBS/ATBC/TMC/DCP blend was 80:20:10:0.4:0.3, resulting in a breaking elongation of 416.5%, which is 71 times higher than that of pure PLA, impact strength of 4.22 kJ/m2, an increase of 165% compared to pure PLA, a tensile strength of 44.3 MPa, and a light transmittance of 82%. Clearly, the compatibility of the PLA/PBS blend is optimal, with significant toughening and transparency enhancement, broadening its application in the field of transparent products.
Research on Surface Roughness and Surface Topography of TC4 Titanium Alloy Processed by High-Speed Turning
Authors: Tang Lianyao , Peng Peiming
Published: February 2025

Titanium alloy is a typical difficult to process material, in order to further improve the processing quality. In this study, the single factor experiment method was used to perform high-speed turning experiments on TC4 titanium alloy with TiAlSiN carbide coated blade. The experimental results show that the cutting speed (Vc), feed per tooth (fz), and cutting depth (ap) have certain effects on the surface roughness of TC4 titanium alloy. When the feed per tooth increases from 0.04 mm/r to 0.2 mm/r, the surface roughness value (Ra) increases by 7 times. In the cutting speed range of 40-200 m/min, the surface roughness value Ra is about 0.5-0.7 µm. In addition, the effect of depth of cutting (ap) on surface roughness (Ra) is relatively small. The reliability of the experimental results was further verified by observing the surface morphology with an ultra depth field microscope. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the cutting of titanium alloys.
Electrochemical Deposition of PEDOT/MXene Composite Films for Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Zheng Shuhao , Sun Jiaqiang , Hu Wenzhu , Chen Kaiqi , Yang Siwen , Li Mengqian , An Haoran
Published: February 2025

PEDOT is a kind of electrode material for supercapacitors due to its excellent thermal stability, good film-forming properties, and electrical conductivity. However, PEDOT generates large volume changes during charging and discharging, resulting in structural collapse and hampering electrochemical performance. MXene, as a two-dimensional layered nanomaterial, is able to act as a support for PEDOT and reduce its volume change. In this study, PEDOT/Ti3C2Tx composite films were prepared on substrates by electrochemical deposition using cyclic voltammetry method and used as electrode materials for supercapacitors. The effects of different molar ratios of EDOT to PSSNa and the number of CV cycles of growth on the performance of PEDOT were investigated. It was found that the best performance of the prepared PEDOT was achieved when the number of CV cycles was 40 and the ratio of EDOT: PSSNa was 1:3. Under optimum experimental conditions, the PEDOT/Ti3C2Tx was obtained by in-situ polymerization and its specific capacity was up to 41.55 mF cm−2 at a current density of 1 mA cm−2.
Identification Characteristics of Natural and Synthetic Cinnabar
Authors: Yang Xihan , Huang Wei , Shen Jiani , Li Miao , Wu Jing , Luo Shiyun , Deng Junfa , Xiao Zhihao
Published: February 2025

Using gemstone microscope, infrared spectrometer, micro laser Raman spectrometer, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS) to test and analyze synthetic and natural cinnabar on the market. The results showed that when synthetic cinnabar was in block form, obvious needle like straight longitudinal stripes were visible, which had significant differences in morphology from natural cinnabar. The aggregation of natural cinnabar often contains white calcite associated minerals, which appear as white clumps or veins on the surface. The luster differs greatly from the diamond luster of the main cinnabar. At the same time, the Se element content of natural cinnabar is much higher than that of synthetic cinnabar, and the Se content can be used as a reference to distinguish the two.
Impact of Various Warm Mixing Agents on the Performance of Asphalt Mixture
Authors: Wang Fei , Zhang Xinyong , Peng Si , Wang Jia , Yu Jie
Published: February 2025

Rubber asphalt mixtures facilitate the recycling of waste materials and enhance road performance. Nevertheless, they present challenges, including elevated construction temperatures and compaction difficulties. Additives effectively mitigate these issues by lowering the mixing temperature and improving compaction at reduced temperatures. In this study, we evaluated the influence of three distinct additives on rubber asphalt mixture properties. These additives uniformly decreased the mixing temperature by approximately 20°C without compromising porosity. The resultant warm mix rubber asphalt composites satisfy standard pavement performance criteria. While the additives bolstered high-temperature stability and moisture resistance, they slightly impaired the low-temperature crack resistance of the mixtures.
Experimental Study on Milling BK7 Optical Glass Assisted by Longitudinal-Torsional Ultrasonic Vibration
Authors: Liu Zhe , Tong Jinglin , Zhao Bo
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this paper is to fully explore the cutting performance of BK7 optical glass. Two milling methods ordinary milling and ultrasonic vibration (UV) milling are used to conduct a cutting test on BK7 optical glass on a self-made test platform for milling assisted by longitudinal-torsional two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration and research influence law of milling speed, feed rate per tooth and milling depth on milling force (MF) and surface quality for purpose of fully exploring cutting properties of BK7 optical glass. Test results show that the MF in the process of milling assisted by longitudinal-torsional two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration is less than ordinary milling and the surface quality of Longitudinal-Torsional Ultrasonic Vibration (LTUV) milling is superior to ordinary milling under the same conditions.
Degradation Kinetics of Nitrobenzene and Aniline by Fe-N/BC Redox System
Authors: Zhou Ting , Yang Yang , Du Tianxing , Dong Wenyi , Wang Hongjie
Published: February 2025

This study was aimed to analysis the degradation kinetics of nitrobenzene and aniline by the Fe-N/BC redox system. Factors such as the initial pH of the solution, PMS/NaBH4 concentrations, and pollutant concentrations were investigated to explore the variations in pollutant degradation rates in the system. The results indicated that the Fe-N/BC-catalyzed NaBH4 reduction of nitrobenzene followed first-order kinetics, while the Fe-N/BC-catalyzed PMS oxidation of aniline followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. When the pH was alkaline, the reaction was inhibited. Increasing the addition of NaBH4 and PMS from 0.05 to 0.5 g/L resulted in the reaction rate constants for nitrobenzene and aniline increasing from 0.115, 0.120 min−1 to 0.743, 0.354 min−1, respectively. As the pollutant concentration gradually rose from 2 to 50 mg/L, the reactions were inhibited, with the reaction kinetics for nitrobenzene and aniline decreasing from 0.348, 0.288 min−1 to 0.147, 0.091 min−1, respectively.
Study on Bending Performance of Basalt Fiber Ultra-High Performance Concrete
Authors: Gao Fan , Wang Lihuan , Ren Yaning , Li Chu , Yang Jinyong , Wang Zuohu
Published: February 2025

In order to study the effect of basalt fiber on the flexural properties of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) slabs, basalt fiber UHPC containing coarse aggregate was prepared. The basic mechanical properties of basalt fiber UHPC were tested, and the bending test of four-sided simply supported two-way slabs was carried out. The effects of different fiber types, steel mesh, waterborne epoxy, and their mixture on the toughness and flexural strength of UHPC slabs were studied. The results show that the basalt fiber can significantly improve the basic mechanical properties of UHPC; Comparing the UHPC plates mixed with different types of basalt fiber, Compared to the plain UHPC plates, UHPC with higher tensile strength and shorter length exhibit higher bending resistance, The peak load increased by 154.7% and 196.6%, respectively, The maximum deflection increased by 38.1% and 326.2%, respectively; The ductility of the UHPC plate mixed with basalt fiber and steel wire mesh has been significantly improved, The maximum increase is 48.9%; Based on the assumption theory, the bidirectional theory is calculated and compared with the test value, and the results agree well.
Sol-gel Method Preparation and First-Principles Calculations of CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO)
Authors: Jiang Xiaofen , Chen Wenjie
Published: February 2025

Copper Calcium Titanate (CCTO) is widely used in high-dielectric applications, such as capacitors, where its exceptionally high dielectric constant enables the storage of large amounts of electrical energy in a small volume. In this paper, CCTO powder was successfully prepared using the sol-gel method. The morphology, composition, and crystalline state were characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the prepared powder had good crystallization, high purity, and quality comparable to commercially purchased CCTO powder. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the grain boundaries of the powder were clear, and the particles were uniformly complete. The relationship between the dielectric constant and capacitance density of CCTO with frequency reveals that as the frequency increases, the dielectric constant (K value) of the electrode decreases rapidly at first and then the rate of decrease slows down, indicating that the dielectric constant is higher at lower frequencies. The capacitance density of the electrode also decreases rapidly at first and then more slowly as the frequency increases. Moreover, first-principles calculations were performed to study the electronic structure characteristics of CCTO. The band structure diagram indicates that CCTO has an indirect band gap structure. The density of states (DOS) showed that the Cu-O and Ti-O bonds in CCTO form the band structure near the Fermi surface, and it was also found that the contribution of calcium atoms to the band structure is relatively small. The study will provide experimental foundations and theoretical basis for the study of CCTO as a high-dielectric-constant ceramic material.
Research on the Isothermal Forging Process for TC6 Titanium Alloy Blades with Thin-Walled and Variable Cross-Section Characteristics
Authors: Chen Youhong , Sun Xing , Lan Bo
Published: February 2025

TC6 titanium alloy blades with thin-walled and variable cross-section characteristics are key components of aero-engine compressors. Conventional die forging methods for such parts have issues with low dimensional accuracy and poor microstructural uniformity. This study employs the DEFORM software for the simulation and optimization of preform design and investigates the effects of isothermal forging and heat treatment processes on the microstructure and properties of TC6 titanium alloy blade forgings. The process parameters were used to manufacture TC6 titanium alloy blades, and the microstructure and mechanical properties were characterized. The results indicate that an optimized preform is conducive to obtaining blade forgings with high dimensional precision. The forging temperature should be controlled at 45-75°C below the β phase transformation temperature, with a holding time of 60-120 minutes, a deformation speed of 0.01-0.1 mm/s, and a deformation degree of 25-50%. The heat treatment method and parameters significantly affect the content and morphology of primary α and secondary α in the blade forgings. The duplex annealing parameters of “850°C for 1 hour, air cooling + 600°C for 2 hours, air cooling” can achieve the optimal balance of strength and plasticity in the blade forgings.
Study on the Effect of a Modified Phosphorus Flame Retardant on the Properties of Epoxy Resin
Authors: Xiao Ling , Li Yu , Xin Jie , Wang Xuan
Published: February 2025

In this study, we designed and synthesized a phosphorus flame retardant based on DOPO (9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide) and obtained a modified phosphorus flame retardant (MDOPO). We investigated how the amount of MDOPO affects the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin and characterized the material’s microstructure using SEM. The results demonstrated that the flame retardancy of MDOPO/E44 composites increased with increasing MDOPO content. When 11.43 g of MDOPO was added to 100 g of E44 matrix, the oxygen index of MDOPO/E44 composites increased by 24.7%. The oxygen index increased gradually with further increases in MDOPO content. When the phosphorus content in E44 was 0.6%, the oxygen index of MDOPO/E44, molten DOPO/E44, and powdered DOPO/E44 were 27.3%, 26.8%, and 25.8%, respectively, with tensile strengths of 39.43 MPa, 26.65 MPa, and 18.7 MPa, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed no significant phase separation in the cross-section of MDOPO/E44 flame retardant material.
Design and Application of Efficient Ecological Combination Process in Advanced Treatment of Industrial Tailwater
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Weimian , Luo Sushuang , Li Fangling , Lin Wu , Wang Xiaojiang , Han Qi
Published: February 2025

In order to solve the advanced treatment problem of industrial wastewater and simultaneously satisfy the needs of ecological and park mode construction, the process of “efficient three-dimensional ecology + constructed wetland” was designed and applied. The technological process, ecological design, operational effect, and technical and economic analysis of the project were systematically described. After stable operation for 12 months, the average removal rates of CODcr, BOD5, SS, NH3-N, TN, and TP were 86.13%, 81.19%, 90.86%, 97.97%, 84.03%, and 80.85%, respectively. The effluent of the system could meet the Class III standard requirements of “Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water” (GB3838-2002), achieving high-quality effluent and resource utilization.
Ecological Stoichiometry of Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Coffee Leaves and Soil from Different Origins in Yunnan Province
Authors: Lv Yu , Huang Qianrui , Meng Shirong , Zhou Xiaohua , Hou Mingxing , Bao Youxian , Zhu Duoju
Published: February 2025

This study examines the ecological stoichiometry of carbon(C), nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) in coffee from Baoshan, Pu’er, and Xishuangbanna in Yunnan. The results show that there are significant differences in soil carbon (C) content and C:N ratios among different regions, and the coffee leaves from Pu’er have the highest carbon content. The threshold analysis indicates that the growth of coffee in Pu’er is limited by both nitrogen and phosphorus, while the growth of coffee in Baoshan and Xishuangbanna is limited by phosphorus. The correlation analysis shows strong positive correlations between soil carbon and nitrogen, as well as between leaf carbon and soil nitrogen. Soil management should focus on N and P fertilizers for Pu’er, and P fertilizer for Baoshan and Xishuangbanna to enhance coffee growth and yield.
Research on Haze Pollution Network of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
Authors: Ma Yubo , Cai Siyu
Published: February 2025

To investigate the dynamic haze pollution correlation among cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, a dynamic directed weighted network of BTH haze pollution is established. In this network, nodes represent nine cities in the BTH region, and the weight of the edge is the haze pollution correlation between two cities, which is characterized by the proposed asymmetric upper-tail correlation coefficient formula based on the copula function. The evolution process of the dynamic network is analyzed through the network average weight, clustering coefficient, and network efficiency. The analysis of real haze pollution data shows that the overall correlation extent of the BTH haze pollution network is higher in the early and late stages of the entire time series. The general edge linking the state of the BTH haze pollution network reflects that the haze pollution from other cities has a positive impact on Tianjin and Cangzhou. In most periods, haze pollution from Baoding has affected most cities except Xingtai. Finally, this article gives some suggestions about the joint prevention and control of haze pollution based on the evolution of the haze pollution network.
Electrochemical-Activated Carbon Combined Process for Treating Municipal Landfill Leachate Membrane Concentrate: A Pilot Study
Authors: Yang Liping , Liang Zhaoqi , Han Qi
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the pilot treatment efficiency of the electrochemical-activated carbon combined process for the membrane concentrate of municipal landfill leachate in a southern city in China. The number of electrode plates, current density, and reaction time were optimized, and the stability of pollutant removal during continuous operation was examined. Based on this, the treatment effects and costs of the process were analyzed. The results show that, at the pilot scale, the optimal parameters for the electrochemical oxidation process are three pairs of electrode plates, a current density of 20 mA/cm2, and a reaction time of 30 minutes, resulting in an effluent COD of 573 mg/L and an energy consumption of 40.9 kW·h/kgCOD. During continuous operation treating the membrane concentrate, the effluent COD stabilized around 570 mg/L, conductivity around 19.4 mS/cm, and pH around 8.6. The pollutant removal effect was close to that from small-scale tests, indicating stable continuous operation. After treatment with the electrochemical oxidation-activated carbon combined process, the effluent meets MVR inflow standards, with a treatment cost of 19.95 yuan/t of water.
Research on Land Use and Pollution Source Distribution in the Sanjiang Plain, China
Authors: Wang Shaohua , Guo Lingfen , Huo Yuanxi
Published: February 2025

The Sanjiang Plain is a gathering area of the Heilongjiang River, Songhua River and Wusuli River basins. There are numerous rivers, lakes and wetlands within the Sanjiang Plain, and the urban population is dense. The Sanjiang Plain is one of the important agricultural production bases in China. It is of great significance to conduct research on the ecological environment in this region. This article uses remote sensing technology to monitor land use changes, surface water pollution status, pollution source types and distribution characteristics in the Sanjiang Plain using ETM+ data from 1999, and GF-1 and GF-2 data from 2023. It has shown that the main types of land use changes in the Sanjiang Plain region are arable land, swamp land and forest land in the past 20 years. Industrial, agricultural, and domestic pollution sources are relatively concentrated, and surface water pollution is more prominent. The proportion of Class IV and Class V water quality river sections is relatively high, accounting for 32.9% and 62.7% of the evaluated river length, respectively. The discharged wastewater is mainly industrial wastewater, followed by domestic wastewater.
Changes and Influencing Factors of Bacterial Communities in Surface Seasonal Frozen Soil at Different Freeze-thaw Stages
Authors: Yu Yao , Hou Shirui , Yin Fengyue , Cao Yang , Guan Jianfei
Published: February 2025

Microorganisms are of great significance to prediction of the response of frozen soil to the climate, as well as the mechanism behind. In order to clarify the impacts of freeze-thaw cycle of soil in terms of different stages on the microorganisms in frozen soil, we sampled the topsoil from typical seasonally frozen ground in Heilongjiang, China, and investigated the samples by using the Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing to clarify the structural composition of the bacterial community. The results showed that different freeze-thaw stages had different impacts on the three bacterial groups (abundance taxa, abundance, and rare taxa, rare taxa). At the phylum level, the abundance of Acidobacteria was significantly higher in the FTP stage than in the TP stage (P<0.05), while the Actinobacteria exhibited negligible variations in different freeze-thaw stages. At the genus level, significant differences were mainly detected in the FP stage. Total phosphorus and total nitrogen in soil were key soil properties affecting bacterial community structure, followed by organic carbon in soil, while pH had negligible impacts on their community structures.
Supramolecular Solvent Based Vortex-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction of Phthalate Esters in Beverages
Authors: Zhao Wei , Hu Jia , Liu Lipeng , Li Yongqi , Huang Jingli
Published: February 2025

A novel method, vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique based on supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS) was developed for the determination of five phthalate esters (PAEs) in beverage samples. The factors influencing SUPRAS type, undecanol and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) volume, pH, vortex time, and standing time were studied and optimized. Under the optimal experimental conditions, PAEs had a wide concentration range (5-1000 ng mL−1) with a good linear relationship (R2≥0.9981), desirable precision (RSDs less than 5.4%), the mean extraction recoveries ranged from 78.1 to 91.2%, and limits of quantification from 0.8 to 1.7 ng mL−1. The proposed methodology was green, sensitive, and economical and was successfully used to detect PAEs in beverage samples.
Research Progress in Microbial Degradation of Plastics
Authors: Liu Peibiao , Liu Juan , Yu Xida , Lv Siyu , Liu Zhaogang , Wang Yudong
Published: February 2025

With the development of society, plastic is widely used in people’s industrial production and daily life, playing an important role in all fields of the world economy. Plastic is notoriously resistant to degradation in natural environments, resulting in severe ‘white pollution’ from widespread accumulation. Particles smaller than 5 mm are recognized for their ecotoxicological impact, posing a significant risk to both human health and the ecosystem. Urgent action is required to address this pressing issue. Compared with the traditional field incineration, concentrated landfill, and recycling methods, microorganisms are becoming a kind of emerging resources for process recycling and plastic degradation, the article summarizes the microbial degradation research report in recent years, explores the current situation of the microbial degradation of plastics, first introduces the structure of the six big plastics, and then focus on the plastic biodegradation mechanism, summarizes the microorganisms of biodegradable plastics in different environment, provide a theoretical basis for further study of plastic microbial degradation, in order to effectively solve the problem of plastic pollution in the environment.
Research and Application of Harmless Disposal and Landfill Technology of Coal Gangue Waste in Shendong Mining Area
Authors: He Ruimin , Cao Pengfei , Chen Yuhang , Zhang Kai , Li Wen
Published: February 2025

Shendong mining area is one of the important coal production bases in China. As a by-product in the process of coal mining, a large accumulation of coal gangue not only occupies land but also causes serious pollution to the environment. In order to solve the problem of coal gangue waste in Shendong mining area as the starting point, the research studies the harmless disposal and landfill technology, aiming to realize the resource utilization and environmentally friendly treatment of coal gangue. First, the physical and chemical properties of gangue, including its composition, structural characteristics and impact on the environment. On this basis, the necessity and feasibility of harmless disposal of coal gangue are discussed. Secondly, for the problem of coal gangue landfill, study the site selection principle, design requirements and construction technology of landfill, as well as the monitoring and management measures after landfill. Finally, through example analysis, the application effect of harmless disposal and landfill technology in Shendong mining area is shown, and the future research direction and policy suggestions are discussed. The results show that the negative impact of coal gangue on the environment can be effectively reduced by the comprehensive development of harmless disposal technology and scientific landfill method.
Study on Eutrophication, Phosphorus Pollution and Morphological Analysis of Separated Lakes
Authors: Liu Xiaozhen , Yang Chen , Zhou Luqiang , Ding Zhiyu , Jiang Dengbiao , Fei Jia
Published: February 2025

After urban lakes are divided into “ponds”, they are more affected by human beings and more prone to eutrophication. In this paper, five “ponds” in a university park in Nanchang were collected as research objects, and samples of lake water quality and sediment, as well as aquatic plants and animals on ecological floating beds were collected. Relevant indicators such as ammonia nitrogen, TP and sediment phosphorus were analyzed in the water, and the relationship between phosphorus form analysis and water eutrophication was discussed. Results: On the surface, severe eutrophication occurred in the lakes, and the water quality was Class V, which was related to external input and internal pollution of sediments. The main influencing factors of environmental pollution involved TP, ammonia nitrogen, etc. The TP content of one reservoir was seriously polluted, while the other three reservoirs were moderately polluted. The higher the pollution level of organophosphorus in sediments, the higher the content of OP in sediments. Fe/Al-P accounted for the majority of inorganic phosphorus in the four reservoirs. Fe/Al-P is active phosphorus and the main cause of eutrophication in ponds. Suggestions: Improve the drainage and diversion of lake water, clean up underwater silt, and cultivate submerged plants.
Investigation on the Application of Carbon Dioxide Power Generation Cycles in Solar Energy Heating Utilization
Authors: Zhang Lei , Jiao Yang , Wang Jian , Wang Lei , Liu Zheng , Lu Yuduo , Dong Lei
Published: February 2025

In the domain of solar thermal energy utilization, the power cycles that utilize carbon dioxide as the working fluid predominantly encompass the transcritical Rankine cycle and the supercritical Brayton cycle. This study employs MATLAB programming to compute and examine the thermal efficiencies of these two cycles across a spectrum of solar collector temperatures ranging from 200 to 1000°C and carbon dioxide working fluid pressures from 10 to 40 MPa. At elevated temperatures, the thermal efficiencies of both cycles augment with the escalation in working fluid pressure; however, at reduced temperatures, the alterations in thermal efficiencies of the two cycles are converse. Furthermore, beyond a specific temperature, the thermal efficiency of the supercritical Brayton cycle consistently surpasses that of the transcritical Rankine cycle. By means of fitting, the relational expressions for the thermal efficiencies of the two cycles being equivalent were ascertained. In light of practical circumstances, it is proposed that the supercritical Brayton cycle should be adopted when the solar collector temperature exceeds 350°C, whereas the transcritical Rankine cycle is more appropriate below 350°C.
Studies of the geometric effect for gaseous X-ray polarimetry
Authors: Jiang Jiechen , Jiao Yang , Jiang Weichun , Liu Xiaohua , Du Yuanyuan , Li Hong , Wu Qiong , Liu Xiaojing , Sun Liang , Yang Jiawei , Xu Yupeng , He Huilin , Feng Hua , Liu Congzhan , Chen Hangyu , Song Zipeng , Zhao Yongqi
Published: February 2025

The geometric effect is an intrinsic response of gaseous
X-ray polarimetry, which exhibits some sharp peaks with a fixed
period angle on modulation curves, especially in observations of
unpolarized sources, resulting in spurious modulation and a
deviation of polarization detection. We construct a simulation
framework to study the origin of the geometric effect and evaluate
the impact on the performance of the polarimetry. The modulation
curves from the simulation are consistent with measurements while
focusing on the geometric effect. The studies show that the
geometric effect is from the photoelectrons generated close to
multiplier stages, a more significant geometric effect with a deeper
depth of the photoelectric impact point. The effect was
characterized by a diffusion coefficient related to photoelectric
drift height to quantify the geometric effect. From the simulation
results, choosing smaller detector units could suppress the effect,
and the size of the detector unit is 1.25 times larger than the
diffusion coefficient related to an observable geometric effect. In
addition, the relative contribution to the effect is approximately
65% for the GEM hole pitch and 35% for the readout pitch. This
study provides a reference for detection unit optimization and the
threshold setting of fired pixels in observations.
Utilization of sacha inchi oil as an alternative to fish oil: A review
Authors: Renata Gabriella , Suryoprabowo Steven
Published: February 2025

Sacha inchi (SI) (Plukenetia volubilis L.) is a wild oleaginous plant of the Euphorbiaceae family that grows in Peruvian Amazon. This plant has attracted significantly more attention from the scientific community and the food industry in the last years due to the exceptional nutritional composition of the seeds, in particular the lipid fraction. SI oil is valuable due to high content of omega-3 and omega-6, which are important in human diet, thus being susceptible to adulteration. Fish oil has been consumed widely across the world for decades due to its significant level of omega-3. However, the increasing demand of fish has made fish availability hard and expensive. This review was done to provide insight and comparing SI oil to fish oil in hopes of highlighting an alternative. Literatures found SI oil and fish oil to have generally similar amounts of omega-3 and therefore can indeed be used as an alternative. However, SI seeds are rather rarer to find compared to fish sources, making them naturally more expensive. The finding from this review is hoped to be of use for further studies in using sacha inchi oil as a replacement for fish oil in order to stabilize the fish industry.
Microbial profile of agar-supplemented tempeh: a strategy towards enhancing the values of tempeh as a functional food
Authors: Surya Reggie , Petsong Kanta , Romulo Andreas , Nugroho David , Tedjakusuma Felicia , Rombot Olifia
Published: February 2025

Tempeh is a traditional food from Indonesia made from soybeans fermented using Rhizopus molds. It conveys essential nutrients and has been considered as a potential functional food providing benefits towards human health. Recently, several strategies have been proposed to improve the values of tempeh as a functional food, one of which includes the supplementation of algae in tempeh. Therefore, the present research would contribute to the sustainable development goal (SDG) No. 3 concerning health and well-being. This study aimed to characterize the microbiological profile of tempeh supplemented and co-fermented with agar, a substance consisting of polysaccharides extracted from the cell wall of red algae (Rhodophyta). The supplementation of agar powder (2.5%(w/w) and 5%(w/w)) significantly reduced the growth of molds and yeasts, but gave rise to the significant growth of lactic acid bacteria in tempeh, thus suggesting the improvement of functional values of tempeh as a probiotic food. The most dominant bacteria in agar-supplemented tempeh are Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Pediococcus. Therefore, this study provides the first evidence for supporting agar-supplemented tempeh as a novel functional food.
Physicochemical and sensory evaluation of snack bars with isomalto-oligosaccharides as a honey substitute
Authors: Lie Ryan Reynardo , Widodo Felix , Phothisoot Thitipong , Kongpichitchoke Teeradate , Lo Diana
Published: February 2025

The demand for healthier snack options for functional foods like snack bars has increased. Commonly, honey is used as a binder in snack bars. However, honey is high in calories and sugar. Isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO), a low-calorie and prebiotic fiber, offers an alternative binding agent. The research aimed to determine the effect of substituting honey with isomalto-oligosaccharide as a binder in snack bar products. Snack bars were made from a combination of IMO and honey with different formulations, ranging from 100% IMO and 0% honey to 0% IMO and 100% honey. The parameters measured were reducing sugar content, moisture content, water activity, hardness, color, and consumer acceptance using the Just-About-Right (JAR) method. The results showed that the higher concentration of IMO compared to honey in the snack bar resulted in a significant increase in brightness (from 22.29±3.52 to 29.56±1.31), yellow color (from 3.26±1.90 to 11.15±3.92), moisture content (from 10.81±0.97% to 14.19±2.80%), and water activity (from 0.70±0.02 to 0.73±0.01). Conversely, there was a decrease in hardness (from 14.69±1.32 N to 7.07±1.51 N) and reducing sugar content (from 40.32±4.93 mg/g to 23.16±1.41 mg/g). Based on penalty analysis, a snack bar made from a combination of 50% IMO and 50% emerges as the most optimal, with a balanced profile, but still requires improvement in excessive hardness, bitterness, and lack of sweetness, brightness, and aroma.
Utilization of non-timber forest products Arenga pinnata as a natural food source
Authors: Latifah Siti , Fachrudin Khaira Amalia , Hartini Kansih Sri , Syahputra OK Hasnanda , Ulum Zahrul , Doufan Sihombing Luthan Ariel , Amelia Mia , Aziz Farhan , Nainggolan Josua , Hawari Muhammad Raihan
Published: February 2025

Sugar palm is a type of palm plant almost spread throughout Indonesia. Sugar palm has many benefits but has not been widely used by communities around the forest. The research aims to determine the use of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Merr.) in Sibolangit District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra. The data collection method was carried out through interviews with sugar palm farmers and managers as well as field observations in sugar palm plantations. The selection of respondents used a purposive sampling method namely, key informants such as sugar palm farmers, village heads, traditional community leaders, or religious leaders. The results of observations show that the productive age of sugar palms is 8-12 years and can produce sap of more than 15 liters/day. Based on the research results, it shows that sugar palm plants are used as a food source, namely the fruit part as palm fruit; the juice is taken from the flowers which is then processed into palm sugar and palm wine; flour from processed stems. The use of arena pinnata as a food source at the research location is still very simple and the processing production potential has not been able to be realized optimally.
Sensory and textural properties of gluten-free muffins made from taro (Colocasia esculenta), banana (Musa acuminata) and sweet potato (Ipomea batatas L.) flours
Authors: Ervina Ervina , Imannuel Nathan Efata
Published: February 2025

This work aimed to investigate the effect of alternative non-gluten flours of taro, banana, and sweet potato on the sensory quality and physicochemical profile of gluten-free muffins. The physical characteristics such as texture and water content were also investigated since this parameter will impact the sensory properties of the muffin and influence liking significantly. There were four samples developed in this study including the use of wheat flour (control, gluten version), taro flour, taro-banana flour, and taro-sweet potato flour. The consumer acceptability was conducted by involving 60 consumers (mean age 21.2 ± 4.3) to evaluate liking using a 9-point-hedonic scale. The result shows that the muffin made from taro flour has a significantly higher moisture content (p= 0.030) and is characterized by the most hard texture (p<0.001). However, the muffin made from taro flour was significantly less liked in terms of texture and overall acceptability as compared to the wheat sample. The muffin made from taro-sweet potato was shown to be liked at the same level as the muffin made from what showcased the same level of acceptability. This study exhibits the potential and application of taro, banana, and sweet potato flour in developing gluten-free muffins for healthy snack alternatives.