bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Musketeers and Jesuits: The French Birth of Esprit de Corps in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: de Miranda Luis
Published: September 2020

In this chapter, the birth of the phrase is evidenced in Montesquieu as well as in military discourse, several decades before what is generally admitted by dictionaries. In the eighteenth century, the notion of esprit de corps developed into a fierce critical weapon, a combat concept bred by social philosophers. Firstly targeting religious groups, chief among them the Jesuits, it would later, in the name of national interest, point at social groups perceived as privileged and biased. The polemical and political notion of esprit de corps blossomed in the first volumes of the Encyclopédie of Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d’Alembert, in three different articles published between 1751 and 1755, which are here analysed. The author also shows how early uses of the phrase suggest that attempts to conceive a national esprit de corps without intermediary bodies or mediating communities might be flawed by a scale error.
The Way of Napoleon: The Uniformisation of Esprit de Corps in Early Nineteenth-Century France
Authors: de Miranda Luis
Published: September 2020

After 1800, esprit de corps was often nationally manufactured, and Napoleon was its first engineer. French society became a reflection of the military. This chapter shows how the Bonapartists succeeded in building a national system of rewards and interdependent privileged corps in which ‘esprit de corps’ was encouraged according to a military model of general agonism. The transformation of the organisation of labour, of the army, and of education after the French Revolution is narrated. This chapter is essential to understand not only today’s France, but also most nation-states, functioning more or less under a similar model. The author also analyses the decline of labour communities and their form of belonging since the eighteenth century. The Revolutiondiscredited the esprit de corporation, and capitalist merchants were often thankful for the republican defence of more competitive and less-regulated entrepreneurship.
The Mystique of Esprit de Corps in France in the Twentieth Century
Authors: de Miranda Luis
Published: September 2020

The traditional critique of esprit de corps in the name of egalitarianism and personal freedom never ran dry in France, contrary to the UK or the USA. While the idea of esprit de corps maintained its strong critical aspect for example in Zola’s J’accuse or later in Bourdieu, a certain mystique of esprit de corps emerged in Bergson and later in Deleuze & Guattari. Esprit de corps was a fundamental notion in Bergson’s The Two Sources of Morality and Religion,whichtransposed to philosophical discourse the individualist idea according to which only a few can innovate, while the masses need esprit de corps. Deleuze and Guattari, in Mille plateaux,proposed a ‘revolutionary’ laudative reading of esprit de corps in their influential chapter on the ‘war machine’. The authors opposed nationalist hegemonies and the state ideologies of grands ensembles by advocating a return to the esprit de corps of small-scale autonomist and creative communities.
Outlaws and Spies
Authors: McCarthy Conor
Published: September 2020

Outlawry and espionage would seem to be quite different phenomena, rarely discussed together. This book argues that they have something in common - that both involve exclusion from law. Challenging previous readings that view outlawry as a now-superseded historical phenomenon, and outlaws as figures of popular resistance, this book argues that legal exclusion is a longstanding and enduring means of supporting state power. Through close analysis of the literatures of outlawry and espionage, this book reads legal exclusion as a key theme in writing about outlaws and spies from the Middle Ages to the present day, arguing that literature plays an important role in representing and critiquing exclusion from law. The discussion draws on the work of Giorgio Agamben, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida and Eric Hobsbawm, and engages with a range of primary legal texts from the Middle Ages to the present day. Literary works discussed range from the medieval Robin Hood ballads, Shakespeare’s history plays, and versions of the Ned Kelly story, to contemporary writing by John le Carré, Don DeLillo, Ciaran Carson and William Gibson.
The Illusion of the One-way Mirror: Filming the Checkpoint in Divine Intervention
Authors: Paul Drew
Published: September 2020

Moving from documentary to fiction film, this chapter centres on Elia Suleiman’s film Divine Intervention (2002), which juxtaposes silent, repetitive scenes of mundane daily life with moments of absurd fantasy, in a disorienting fashion. Suleiman’s film, which features little dialogue or plot, repeatedly stages scenes at a checkpoint between Jerusalem and Ramallah. I conceptualize the checkpoint’s power as emerging from its establishment of control over vision and sight, drawing on studies by Weizman and David Fieni, among others, and I argue that Suleiman uses the cinematic camera to look back and to contest the contingent power of the checkpoint. Moreover, by calling attention to its own status as film through techniques of framing and staging, Divine Intervention reveals the fragile, performative, even theatrical nature of the checkpoint’s projection of power, and it stages fantasies of its destruction. Modes of contesting and circumventing the border emerge from an intensive and persistent focus on the border itself, and fantasy becomes a means of articulating new paradigms of political resistance.
Literary Manuscript Culture in Romantic Britain
Authors: Levy Michelle
Published: September 2020

Although we have more literary manuscripts from the Romantic period than for any previous period, these manuscripts have been consulted chiefly for the textual evidence they provide. This book begins the work of unearthing the alternative histories manuscripts tell us about British Romantic literary culture: describing the practices by which they were written, shared, altered and preserved; exploring the functions they served as instruments of expression and sociability; and explicating the migration of texts between the copying technologies of script and print. Deploying a range of methodologies, including quantitative approaches, it considers both literary manuscripts of texts that went unprinted during the lifetimes of their creators as well as those that were printed, presenting a capacious account of how handwritten literary documents were shared, copied, read, and valued. It describes the material processes that brought these manuscripts to audiences small and large, and preserved them for future generations. This book situates manuscript practices within an expanding print marketplace, arguing that the realms of script and print interacted to nurture and transform the period’s literary culture. Providing a comprehensive analysis of the values ascribed to literary manuscripts and the practices involved in their creation and use, this study illuminates the complex entanglements between various media. It concludes with an examination of the ongoing transformations of Romantic literary manuscripts, by textual scholars and digital humanists.
The Logics of Worldlessness
Authors: Végső Roland
Published: September 2020

The final chapter provides a close reading of Alain Badiou’s The Logics of Worlds. It argues that the theoretical conflict between Being and Event and The Logics of Worlds plays out in the space defined by the tension between the ontological primacy of worldlessness and the phenomenological necessity of worlds. While the ontology of radical multiplicity introduced in Being and Event provides us with one of the most compelling arguments in favour of worldlessness, in the sequel to Being and Event Badiou turns to a novel phenomenology to account for the necessity of worlds. The chapter argues that it is the Heideggerian contradictions expounded upon in Chapter 1 that will help us make sense of a fundamental contradiction in Badiou’s philosophy: a conflict between the ontology of worldlessness and the politics of world-creation. To put it differently, in Badiou’s thought we encounter two forms of worldlessness: on the one hand, Being is worldless (which is a positive enabling condition) and, on the other hand, Capital is worldless (which is a negative historical condition).
Contra mundum (A Conclusion)
Authors: Végső Roland
Published: September 2020

The conclusion provides a brief summary of the book’s speculative arguments in the form of ten propositions. These theses are designed to clear the ground for a new theoretical engagement of the problem of worldlessness. They lay the foundations of an affirmative definition of worldlessness. In order to put forward a positive definition of this project, the book concludes by an inversion of the Deleuzian formula for perversion. While Deleuze claimed that perversion consists in the construction of a ‘world without Others’, the conclusion argues that our task today is to engage ‘Others without a world’.
Armenians Beyond Diaspora
Authors: Nalbantian Tsolin
Published: September 2020

A socio-political and cultural history of the Armenians in Cold War Lebanon, this book argues that Armenians around the world – in the face of the Genocide, and despite the absence of an independent nation-state after World War I – developed dynamic socio-political, cultural, ideological and ecclesiastical centres. And it focuses on one such centre, Beirut, in the postcolonial 1940s and 1950s.
Tsolin Nalbantian explores Armenians’ discursive re-positioning within the newly independent Lebanese nation-state; the political-cultural impact (in Lebanon as well as Syria) of the 1946–8 repatriation initiative to Soviet Armenia; the 1956 Catholicos election; and the 1957 Lebanese elections and 1958 mini-civil war. What emerges is a post-Genocide Armenian history of – principally – power, renewal and presence, rather than one of loss and absence.
Armenians Beyond Diaspora: Making Lebanon Their Own investigates Lebanese Armenians’ changing views of their place in the making of the Lebanese state and its wider Arab environment, and in relation to the Armenian Socialist Soviet Republic. It challenges the dominant Armenian historiography, which treats Lebanese Armenians as a subsidiary of an Armenian global diaspora, and contributes to an understanding of the development of class and sectarian cleavages that led to the breakdown of civil society in Lebanon from 1975. In highlighting the role of societal actors in the US–Soviet Cold War in the Middle East, it also questions the tendency to read Middle East history through the lens of dominant (Arab) nationalisms.
Introduction
Authors: Nalbantian Tsolin
Published: September 2020

The Introduction contextualizes the Armenian population in Lebanon. It distinguishes between Armenians who lived in Lebanon prior to the division of the Ottoman Empire, in the wake of the Armenian Genocide, and after the establishment of French and British mandatory rule in the Levant. In addition, it outlines the ecclesiastic, class, linguistic, and political gamut of the Armenian population in Lebanon. It analyzes how Armenians organized themselves according to the villages and centers in the Ottoman Empire that they hailed from and reformed their political ideologies, affiliations, and ecclesiastic connections resulting in the establishment of mini-enclaves within Armenian-populated neighborhoods in Lebanon.
The introduction also positions the book within four fields: histories of Armenians, Lebanon, the Cold War in the Middle East, and the Diaspora Studies. The innovation of linking these fields together through the themes of identification, belonging, and articulating citizenship produces fresh readings of the time period. This intervention draws attention to experiences that established scholarship does not adequately tackle, increasing the possible ways and methods to study and approach the region, its inhabitants, and historical time frame.
The Administration of Justice in Medieval Egypt
Authors: Lev Yaacov
Published: September 2020

This book discusses how justice was administrated and applied in medieval Egypt. The model that evolved during the early middle ages involved four judicial institutions: the cadi, the court of complaints (mazalim), the police (shurta), responsible for criminal justice, and the Islamised market law (hisba), administrated by the market supervisor (the muhtasib). Literary and non-literary sources are used to highlight how these institutions worked in real-time situations such as the famine of 1024-1025, which posed tremendous challenges to both the market supervisor and the ruling establishment. The inner workings of the court of complaint during the Fatimid period (10th-12th century) are also extensively discussed. The discussion is extended to include the way the courts of non-Muslim communities were perceived and functioned during the Fatimid period. The discussion also provides insights into the scope of non-Muslim self-rule/judicial autonomy in medieval Islam.
Palestinian Citizens of Israel
Authors: H. Makhoul Manar
Published: September 2020

Palestinian citizens in Israel are part of the Palestinian nation that was scattered and divided during the 1948 War (Nakba, a catastrophe), amidst which Israel was founded. Today, Palestinian citizens in Israel are not part of the emancipatory movement of Palestinians outside of Israel. The primary question, then, that this book aims to address relates to understanding the transformation in Palestinian discourse, from that which spoke of national self-determination, to a discourse that is not coherently nationalist. The study of literature aims to provide a view ‘from within’ onto Palestinian discourse. Incorporating almost the entire corpus of Palestinian novels published in Israel between 1948 and 2010, the book aims to deal with the widest possible spectrum of representation. This choice aims to complement existing sociological and literary analysis on Palestinians in Israel.
The book is divided to three chapters, corresponding to political periods in the life of Palestinians in Israel (1948−1967; 1967−1987; and 1987−2010). In the first period, Palestinians in Israel adapt to life under military rule, but they also undergo a process of modernization that aimed, so they believed, to facilitate their integration in Israeli society. Since the late 1960s, during the second period, Palestinians start to question the implications of modernization on their society, highlighting the ambivalence of their life in Israel. In the third period, Palestinians in Israel start to contemplate ‘solutions’ for this ambivalence, or alienation, bringing to the fore issues relating to their relationship with Israel as well as Palestinians across the border.
Editing
Authors: Rhodes Gary D. , Singer Robert
Published: September 2020

Chapter 5 covers editing, paying particular attention on Average Shot Lengths (ASLs) and the influential role that the TV commercial has played in how they have decreased in Hollywood feature filmmaking. This chapter also explores the ways in which the TV commercial has approached cutting on camera movement, or, in not using any editing, letting a single image remain onscreen for the entire running time, a practice associated with 19th century cinema and reinvigorated for product sales. The chapter also examines the TV commercial’s ability to eschew standard Hollywood editing practices, opting for decidedly non-classical approaches, as in the exclusive use of close-ups to tell a story.
Sacred Place and Sacred Time in the Medieval Islamic Middle East
Authors: Talmon-Heller Daniella
Published: September 2020

Focusing on the construction of sanctity and its manifestations in individual devotions, formal ceremonies and communal rites, this book offers a fresh perspective on religious culture in the medieval Middle East. It investigates Islamic thinking about and practice in sacred places and times through the detailed research of two contested case-studies: the shrine(s) in honour of the head of al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAli, and the (arguably) holy month of Rajab. The narrative spans the formative period of Islam until the late Mamluk period, attuned to changing political contexts and sectarian affiliations, and to the input of the social sciences and the study of religion. The juxtaposition of sacred place and time reveals that the two expanses were regarded as complementary venues for similar religious devotions, and imagined by a common vocabulary.
Introduction
Authors: Talmon-Heller Daniella
Published: September 2020

God, the Sublime, assigned an angel known as the Summoner [al-dāʿī] to the seventh sky. On each and every night of the month of Rajab, from nightfall to sunrise, that angel calls out: ‘Blessings [ṭūbā] to those who remember God, blessings to those who worship [Him]’. And God answers: ‘I am one with those who seek Me, accommodating with those who obey Me, forgiving to those who ask for My forgiveness. The month [of Rajab] is My month, the worshipper is My worshipper, and the mercy is My mercy. On this month, I answer those who beseech Me, I fulfill the requests of those who entreat Me, and I guide those who ask for My guidance. I have made this month a rope that connects between Me and My devotees. Those who cling to it will reach Me’....
The State of the Art
Authors: Talmon-Heller Daniella
Published: September 2020

This chapter surveys scholarship about pilgrimage, Islamic shrines, liturgical calendars and the Islamic annual cycle, and some of the typologies suggested by scholars of Islam. It claims that modern researchers did not devote much attention to Muslim non-canonical devotions, including those of the month of Rajab.
The Commemoration of al-Husayn in Fatimid Ascalon
Authors: Talmon-Heller Daniella
Published: September 2020

This chapter focuses on the alleged unearthing of the head of al-Husayn by the Fatimid vizier Badr al-Din al-Jamali in Ascalon, as recorded in a epigraph of 484/1091, inscribed on a wooden minbar. Positioning this episode in the career of al-Jamali, and in the geo-political circumstances of Egypt and Syria under the imam-caliph al-Mustansir, and in light of the attitude of Muslims towards Ahl al-Bayt, it concludes by suggesting that the shrine established for the relic was intended as an 'ecumenical' Islamic sacred space.
Why Ascalon? Christian Martyrs and Muslim Murābiṭūn (Defenders)
Authors: Talmon-Heller Daniella
Published: September 2020

This chapter records the search for extant evidence that pre-dates Badr al-Din's inscription and refers to the burial of al-Husayn's head in Ascalon. Having only found reference to a shrine in honour of Christian decapitated martyrs there in the early fourth-century (marked on Madaba Map), and to the town's prestige as a destiny of ribāṭ for pious 'defenders' in the Umayyad and early Abbasid period - it argues that the Islamic shrine was constructed on the basis of a newly 'invented tradition', on previously consecrated grounds. Its merits were listed in compilations known as Faḍāʾil ʿAsqalān.
From Ascalon to Cairo: The Duplication of Sacred Space
Authors: Talmon-Heller Daniella
Published: September 2020

Following the conquest of Ascalon by the Crusaders in 1153, al-Husayn's head was transferred to Cairo and interred by the tombs of the Fatimid imam-caliphs. Its shrine became a major sacred venue for the celebration of Shi`i festivals and Fatimid official ceremonies. It is argued that the commemorative rites performed there - such as al-ʿAshura, ʿId Ghadir Khumm - were imbued with particular Shi`i-Isma`ili symbolism and meaning.
The Shrine in Ascalon under the Ayyubids and Mamluks
Authors: Talmon-Heller Daniella
Published: September 2020

Ascalon was regained by the Muslim in 1187, and abandoned again in 1192, when Saladin's men razed its walls in accordance with his agreement with Richard Lionheart. Badr al-Din's minbar was sent to Hebron. The empty shrine of al-Husayn remained standing, and the site was visited by Muslim travellers throughout the Mamluk period. Ascalon was not rebuilt, yet retained its religious prestige.
Rajab under Fatimid Rule
Authors: Talmon-Heller Daniella
Published: September 2020

This chapter deals with the many rites of Rajab that were developed during the Fatimid period, especially in Cairo. Official ceremonies included caliphal audiences, processions, banquets, the distribution of food, the kindling of lights in mosques, Ismaʿili 'sessions of wisdom' (majālis al-ḥikma), and the sending off of the kiswa to Mecca. An unofficial rite - ṣalāt al-raghāʾib (the prayer for great rewards) on the first Thursday night of the month – was inaugurated in Jerusalem.
Rajab under the Ayyubids and Mamluks
Authors: Talmon-Heller Daniella
Published: September 2020

Official rites of Rajab were not recorded in sources written under the Sunni Ayyubids, but popular devotions such as supererogatory prayer assemblies, voluntary fasting, charitable giving and the ʿumra seem to have been widespread. These rites evoking heated polemics, especially between the scholars of Damascus. Mamluk rulers sponsored public ceremonies such as the celebration of the Night of Ascension on the 27th of Rajab and the newly founded maḥmal procession.
First Lecture: September, 1924
Authors: Whitehead Alfred North
Published: September 2020

This chapter is the manuscript of Whitehead’s first lecture at Harvard, delivered on September 25, 1924. Whitehead writes on its second page that ‘At the present time, if philosophy is to remain true to its task of revealing and rationalising the inner preoccupations of humanity, one strain of philosophy must start from the analysis of the presuppositions of science’. He proceeds to argue the need for examining the ‘philosophical presuppositions of science’ (which would be the title of the class), and their relationship to metaphysics and theology.
Whitehead’s Biological Turn
Authors: Sölch Dennis
Published: September 2020

Dennis Sölch discusses Whitehead’s perception that science was undergoing a paradigm shift (especially given the confusion in the field of physics at the time), and hoped to bridge the physical and biological sciences and create a more unified concept of nature. With Lawrence Henderson, Whitehead would emphasize the reciprocal relationship between organism and environment, counter to both the vitalist and reductive materialist theories. He believed that biology would become the dominant science of the coming era, providing the best hope for radical innovations in human understanding.
Quanta and Corpuscles: The Influence of Quantum Mechanical Ideas on Whitehead’s Transitional Philosophy in Light of The Harvard Lectures
Authors: Herstein Gary L.
Published: September 2020

Gary Herstein points out in this chapter that there has been much curiosity over the years about how much quantum theory may have influenced Whitehead’s philosophy and metaphysics, but that prior to the publication of the first volume of Harvard lectures, most of this was of necessity purely speculative. The chapters begins with an examination of the chaotic scene in physics at the time, with everything having been thrown into disarray with the discovery of quantum phenomena, and particularly the introduction of discrete units into phenomena that had been thought to be continuous. Whitehead emphasised the centrality of continuity and its different modes while refusing to surrender conceptual explanations in favour of mere mathematical cleverness.
From Physics to Philosophy, and from Continuity to Atomicity
Authors: Desmet Ronny
Published: September 2020

This chapter by Ronny Desmet has two major sections. The first is a close reading of Whitehead’s first lecture as illustrating the synthetic and critical and common sense character of Whitehead’s philosophy in conversation with Aristotle, Hume, and Kant, concluding that all three are guilty of the fallacy of misplaced concreteness and performative contradictions. The second section traces a change in Whitehead’s metaphysics from continuous to atomic becoming between his first and second semester of lectures, with Whitehead using the concept of process to harmonise divisibility and indivisibility, but eventually concluding that atomicity requires a theory for discontinuous existence.
Whitehead’s Highly Speculative Lectures on Quantum Theory
Authors: Desmet Ronny
Published: September 2020

Ronny Desmet endeavors in this chapter to examine Whitehead’s theory of quantum theory and primates as found in his Harvard lectures using Clerk Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetism as a starting point while refusing to abandon the idea of continuous space-time, using wave equations as his mathematical vehicle. The chapter contains sections detailing Whitehead’s alternative theory of gravitation, his paradigm of the electron as a complex organism, and his reaction to Niels Bohr’s model of the atom. The chapter concluded that Whitehead wanted a complete reconceptualisation of the atom in terms of atomic structures of vibrations, intending to leave behind all remnants of the materialistic theory in favour of an organic theory.
STUDI ETNOBOTANI TUMBUHAN OBAT BERBASIS PENGETAHUAN LOKAL DI DESA SELOLIMAN KECAMATAN TRAWAS KABUPATEN MOJOKERTO JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Nurrosyidah Iif Hanifa , Riya Milu Asri , Ma’ruf Alfian Fachruddin
Published: September 2020

Indonesia is the country with the second largest biodiversity after Brazil, where 20,000 species of medicinal plants in which 1,000 species have been documented and 300 species have been used as traditional medicine. Seloliman is a village located on the slopes of Mount Penanggungan, Trawas District, Mojokerto Regency, East Java. The people of Seloliman village still depend on nature, most people still use natural materials for treatment and daily needs. Therefore in this research ethnobotany study and identification of medicinal plants based on local knowledge will be conducted in Seloliman Village, Trawas District, Mojokerto Regency, East Java. The study was conducted by exploring the potential of the community as a place of ethnobotany research with open observation and interview methods. The technique for selecting informants is based on information from local residents or village heads who are most aware of medicinal plants. Collecting data on medicinal plants used for traditional medicine through structured interviews. Data recorded are local names, Latin names, family names, ways of obtaining, parts of plants used, diseases treated, and how they are used. Furthermore, each type of plant used is documented. Based on the results of research conducted is the type of plant used for treatment varies greatly, the plant parts used are mostly the leaves (57%), flowers (10%), and the rest are the stem, bark, rhizome, roots, flowers, fruit and seeds. Sources of plants used are mostly cultivated plants (46%), wild (30%), wild and cultivated (17%) and bought on the market (7%). While the way to use it is mostly boiled. Most of the Seloliman village community, Trawas Subdistrict, Mojokerto Regency, East Java have been influenced by outside cultures, so that their local knowledge about plants used in medicine needs to be further explored in order to be preserved. There are only two speakers (traditional healers) in the village of Seloliman who still hold the tradition related to treatment using natural materials.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM DETEKSI DAN PEMADAM KEBAKARAN PADA SMART HOME MENGGUNAKAN METODE FUZZY
Authors: Saiful Anam  , Wijaya Indra Dharma , Ridwan Rismanto
Published: September 2020

Abstrak—Kebakaran merupakan bencana nonalam yang terjadi diakibatkan adanya proses atau peristiwa nonalam seperti arus pendek listrik, kegagalan sistem, human error dan sebab lainnya. Salah satu tindakan untuk mencegah kebakaran adalah memasang sistem deteksi dan pemadam kebakaran. Namun pada beberapa kasus, sistem deteksi kebakaran konvensional memiliki masalah yang cukup signifikan yaitu sering terjadinya false alarm. Maka dari itu dibutuhkan sistem yang mampu melakukan deteksi kebakaran secara akurat dan cepat serta dapat mengatasi dari terjadinya kegagalan deteksi atau false alarm. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga sensor yaitu sensor api, sensor suhu, dan sensor asap sebagai sumber input-an data. Perangkat Arduino sebagai pembaca data dan Raspberry Pi bertugas mengelola data lebih lanjut. Sedangkan metode yang digunakan untuk melakukan pendeteksian kebakaran adalah metode Fuzzy Sugeno dengan tiga parameter utama yaitu suhu, kepekatan asap, dan intensitas api. Dari pengujian yang telah dilakukan menghasilkan nilai respon yang sesuai dengan metode Fuzzy Sugeno berdasarkan perhitungan manual maupun sistem. Pada 15 kali pengujian menunjukkan nilai Defuzzifikasi yang sesuai berjumlah 15, nilai Defuzzifikasi tidak sesuai berjumlah 0, dan terjadi false alarm berjumlah 0. Sehingga didapatkan tingkat keberhasilan perhitungan metode Fuzzy Sugeno adalah 100%. Sistem ini berhasil melakukan pendeteksian kebakaran dan cocok untuk diterapkan pada konsep smart home.

Kata Kunci—Kebakaran, False Alarm, Fuzzy Sugeno, Raspberry Pi, Arduino, Smart Home, Sensor Api, Sensor Suhu, Sensor Asap.
PENERAPAN ENTROPY BASED DISCRETIZATION PADA METODE NAIVE BAYES DALAM KLASIFIKASI PENYAKIT DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Rudy Ariyanto  , Dwi Puspitasari  , Yusniar Alfani
Published: September 2020

Diabetes Mellitus merupakan salah satu penyakit penyebab kematian tertinggi di Indonesia. Penderita Diabetes Mellitus diperkirakan akan terus meningkat. Hal ini tersebut menunjukkan bahwa Diabetes Mellitus perlu diperhatikan secara serius. Penyakit diabetes dapat dicegah jika kita mengetahui gejala – gejala penyakit Diabetes Mellitus. Dari permasalahan di atas, maka dibuatlah sistem yang berjudul “Penerapan Entropy Based Discretization pada Metode Naive Bayes Dalam Klasifikasi Penyakit Diabetes Mellitus”. Sistem ini membantu sarana kesehatan Puskesmas Kendalsari dalam melakukan anamnesa dan menentukan hasil tes laboraturium. Peetugas anamnesa akan melakukan anamnesa dengan pasien dengan keluaran tingkat potensi user terhadap penyakit diabetes. Tingkat potensi pasien terhadap Diabetes Mellitus  dikelompokkan menjadi tiga kelas yaitu, rendah, sedang dan tinggi. Selanjutnya petugas laboraturiu  akan pemerikasaan terhadap pasien untuk memastikan apakah hasil pemerikasaan sesuai dengan tingkat potensi user terhadap penyakit Diabetes Mellitus . Metode Naive Bayes adalah metode yang digunakan melakukan klasifikasi potensi user dan hasil laboraturium pasien. Sedangkan Metode Entropy Based Discretization digunakan untuk melakukan trasnformasi hasil laboraturium pasien yang memiliki nilai kontinyu menjadi bernilai diskrit. Data gejala Diabetes Mellitus dalam penelitian ini diambil dengan menggunakan kuisioner, sedangkan data hasil tes dalam penelitian ini diambil dari Puskesmas Kendalsari.Dari hasil implementasi klasifikasi gejala user menggunakan metode Naive Bayes mendapatkan akurasi sebesar 96%. Sementara hasil implementasi klasifikasi hasil tes user menggunakan metode transformasi Entropy Based Discretization mendapatkan akurasi sebesar 80%. Saran untuk sistem ini adalah penambahan jadwal kontrol user kepada dokter agar gula darah selalu terjaga.
Perceived Multitasking Ability and Preference, Gender Role Attitudes, and Marital Adjustment of Married Working Individuals
Authors: Kalsoom Saima , Kamal Anila
Published: September 2020

This study was planned to investigate the relationship between perceived multitasking ability and preferences, gender role attitudes, and marital adjustment of working individuals. It was also intended to explore the moderating effect of multitasking preference for the relationship between perceived multitasking ability and marital adjustment. Data was collected from a sample of 222 married working individuals i.e., (117 men and 105 women). Their ages ranged between 23-65 years (M = 38.75, SD = 9.20). Translated version (Kalsoom & Kamal, 2020) of Communication Specific Multitasking Measurement instrument (Kushniryk, 2008), translated (Kalsoom & Kamal, 2018) version of Multitasking Preference Inventory (Poposki & Oswald, 2010), translated (Nasreen, 2000) Version of Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1976), and indigenously developed (Anila & Ansari, 1992) Gender Role Attitudes Scale (Kamal & Saqib, 2004); was used to collect the data. Results showed significant positive correlation of perceived multitasking ability with marital adjustment and multitasking preferences. Gender role attitude was found positively correlated with multitasking preference and marital adjustment. The results also revealed multitasking preference as a moderator in predicting the relationship between perceived multitasking ability and marital adjustment. From these findings we may infer that higher multitasking preferences play an important role for perceived multitasking ability and marital adjustment of married working individuals.
A Brain-Inspired Hyperdimensional Computing Approach for Classifying Massive DNA Methylation Data of Cancer
Authors: Cumbo Fabio , Cappelli Eleonora , Weitschek Emanuel
Published: September 2020

The recent advancements in cancer genomics have put under the spotlight DNA methylation, a genetic modification that regulates the functioning of the genome and whose modifications have an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor-suppression. Because of the high dimensionality and the enormous amount of genomic data that are produced through the last advancements in Next Generation Sequencing, it is very challenging to effectively make use of DNA methylation data in diagnostics applications, e.g., in the identification of healthy vs diseased samples. Additionally, state-of-the-art techniques are not fast enough to rapidly produce reliable results or efficient in managing those massive amounts of data. For this reason, we propose HD-classifier, an in-memory cognitive-based hyperdimensional (HD) supervised machine learning algorithm for the classification of tumor vs non tumor samples through the analysis of their DNA Methylation data. The approach takes inspiration from how the human brain is able to remember and distinguish simple and complex concepts by adopting hypervectors and no single numerical values. Exactly as the brain works, this allows for encoding complex patterns, which makes the whole architecture robust to failures and mistakes also with noisy data. We design and develop an algorithm and a software tool that is able to perform supervised classification with the HD approach. We conduct experiments on three DNA methylation datasets of different types of cancer in order to prove the validity of our algorithm, i.e., Breast Invasive Carcinoma (BRCA), Kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP), and Thyroid carcinoma (THCA). We obtain outstanding results in terms of accuracy and computational time with a low amount of computational resources. Furthermore, we validate our approach by comparing it (i) to BIGBIOCL, a software based on Random Forest for classifying big omics datasets in distributed computing environments, (ii) to Support Vector Machine (SVM), and (iii) to Decision Tree state-of-the-art classification methods. Finally, we freely release both the datasets and the software on GitHub.
Experimental Assessment of Corrugated Rectangular Actuators on Supersonic Jet Mixing
Authors: T. Thillaikumar , Jana Tamal , Kaushik Mrinal
Published: September 2020

To improve the stealth capability of a military aircraft, the reduction in core length is essential to reduce the heat signature and the noise characteristics of the engine exhaust. The efficacy of rectangular vortex generators in achieving these objectives has been demonstrated by several researchers, owing to their simplicity. One way of producing the mixed-size vortices is by providing corrugations on the edge of the tab (actuator). Therefore, in the current study, two tabs of aspect ratio 1.5, mounted diametrically opposite to each other at the outlet of a Mach 1.73 circular nozzle, are examined at varying levels of expansions, ranging from overexpanded to underexpanded jet states. In addition, to generate the mixed-size vortices, three corrugation geometries, i.e., rectangular, triangular, and semicircular, are configured along the tab edges. Both quantitative and qualitative investigations are carried out by using the pitot probe to measure the stagnation pressures and by utilizing a shadowgraph technique to visualize the flow field. The corrugated tabs generated a significant mixing, and among them, the tabs with triangular corrugations are found to be most effective. A maximum reduction of about 99.7% in the supersonic core is obtained with triangular corrugated tabs at near-correct-expansion, corresponding to nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) 5. Interestingly, the semicircular corrugated tab significantly reduces the asymmetry near the nozzle exit plane. The shadowgraph images confirm the efficacy of different corrugated tabs in reducing the strength of the waves, prevalent in the supersonic core.
Change in Maize Final Leaf Numbers and Its Effects on Biomass and Grain Yield across China
Authors: Liu Wanmao , Ming Bo , Xie Ruizhi , Liu Guangzhou , Wang Keru , Yang Yunshan , Guo Xiaoxia , Hou Peng , Li Shaokun
Published: September 2020

The final leaf number is an important morphological characteristic of maize (Zea mays L.) and is therefore an important input parameter in some maize crop models. In this study, field experiments were conducted from 2013 to 2016 at 23 sites across China, which were located between latitudes of 26°30′ and 46°45′ N, focusing on five modern maize cultivars, in order to determine the amplitude of variation in mean leaf numbers between each cultivar, identify differences between the mean leaf numbers of cultivars under different climatic conditions, and clarify the effects of the differences in final leaf numbers on aboveground dry matter (DM) and grain yield. The results showed that the mean final leaf numbers increased in the order of XY335 < NH101 < ZD909 < ZD958 < DH11 among the five cultivars, with the wide distribution ranges of final leaf numbers being 17.0–23.3 (DH11), 16.7–22.3 (ZD958), 16.7–22.0 (ZD909), 16.7–22.3 (NH101), and 17.0–22.0 (XY335) across all locations. In addition, leaf numbers above and below the primary ear showed the same trends with the mean final leaf numbers for the same cultivars. Many climatic factors were found to significantly affect the final leaf numbers across four maize-growing regions in China, and the result of stepwise regression indicated that the influences of photoperiod and temperature, in particular, were greater than other climatic factors for these cultivars. Finally, there were found to be significant and positive relationships between the final leaf number and (1) the maximum leaf area index (LAImax), (2) DM at both silking and physiological maturity, and (3) grain yield for the same cultivars across all locations. The results of this study are of great importance for guiding future trans-regional maize cultivation and further model calibration.
Effects of Site, Genotype and Subsequent Harvest Rotation on Willow Productivity
Authors: Stolarski Mariusz Jerzy , Krzyżaniak Michał , Załuski Dariusz , Tworkowski Józef , Szczukowski Stefan
Published: September 2020

Perennial crops harvested in short rotations provide substantial amounts of biomass. This study determined the survival rate, biometric features and yield of fresh and dry biomass of 15 willow genotypes (including seven varieties and eight clones), cultivated at two different sites in two consecutive three-year harvest rotations. The study revealed the very high impact of the genotype (81% of the total variance) on the willow yield. The harvest rotation, along with the genotype, had a significant impact on the plant survival rate and the number of shoots per stool. Willow biomass was mainly affected by the plant height, its survival rate and shoot diameter. The significantly highest fresh (106 Mg ha−1) and dry biomass yield (54.0 Mg ha−1) was obtained from the Żubr variety of S. viminalis, which distinguished this variety from the other genotypes. The mean yield for the best three and five genotypes was 13% and 17% lower, respectively, and the mean yield for the whole experiment was 37% lower compared to the mean yield of the best variety (Żubr). Therefore, the choice of a willow genotype is of key importance for successful willow production.
The Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of the Speirantha gardenii: Comparative and Adaptive Evolutionary Analysis
Authors: Raman Gurusamy , Park SeonJoo
Published: September 2020

The plant “False Lily of the Valley”, Speirantha gardenii is restricted to south-east China and considered as an endemic plant. Due to its limited availability, this plant was less studied. Hence, this study is focused on its molecular studies, where we have sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of S. gardenii and this is the first report on the chloroplast genome sequence of Speirantha. The complete S. gardenii chloroplast genome is of 156,869 bp in length with 37.6% GC, which included a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) each of 26,437 bp that separated a large single-copy (LSC) region of 85,368 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,627 bp. The chloroplast genome comprises 81 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA and four rRNA unique genes. Furthermore, a total of 699 repeats and 805 simple-sequence repeats (SSRs) markers are identified in the genome. Additionally, KA/KS nucleotide substitution analysis showed that seven protein-coding genes have highly diverged and identified nine amino acid sites under potentially positive selection in these genes. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that S. gardenii species has a closer genetic relationship to the Reineckea, Rohdea and Convallaria genera. The present study will provide insights into developing a lineage-specific marker for genetic diversity and gene evolution studies in the Nolinoideae taxa.
Possibilities of Using White Sweetclover Grown in Mixture with Maize for Biomethane Production
Authors: Kintl Antonín , Elbl Jakub , Vítěz Tomáš , Brtnický Martin , Skládanka Jiří , Hammerschmiedt Tereza , Vítězová Monika
Published: September 2020

Methods of growing plant biomass for the production of biogas in anaerobic digestion plants have a decisive influence on arable land and on the evaluation of biogas plant technologies from the environmental point of view. The main benefit of anaerobic digestion is the possibility to use various agricultural crops for energy production. Some of these plant species, e.g., legumes, are generally considered to be beneficial for arable soil quality, as compared with maize monocultures with frequently manifested soil degradation and adverse environmental impact on arable land. A possible change is offered by cultivation systems composed of two and more crops and defined as mixed cropping (MC) systems. The systems are characterized by a more efficient utilization of natural resources of the site as well as by a greater potential for arable soil protection. A question remains as to whether the MC system of growing maize and white sweetclover can be used for biogas yield. In the presented research study, a mixed cropping system was tested with maize (Zea mays L.) and white sweetclover (Melilotus albus MED.). The goal of our research was to determine an optimum ratio of maize and white sweetclover (s.c.) shreddings in silage for a biogas plant. For this purpose, model micro-silages of monocultures were prepared: maize (100%), white s.c. (100%), as well as variants with different weight shares of these two crops (maize:white s.c.; 3:7, 1:1, 7:3, 8:2, 8.5:1.5, 9:1). The silages were subjected to biomethanation tests, in order to determine the influence of the increased addition of white s.c. biomass on methane yield and methane concentration in biogas. The highest values of biogas yield were recorded in the maize monoculture and in the MC variant of maize and white s.c. at 9:1 (>0.26 m3/kgVS). The lowest methane yield values were recorded in the white s.c. monoculture (0.16 m3/kgVS). It was found out that the yield of methane decreased with an increasing share of white sweetclover in the maize silage, due to the increased content of poorly degradable organic substances and the presence of fermentation inhibitors (e.g., coumarin).
The Self-Seeding of Anthemis arvensis L. for Cover Crop in Olive Groves under Intense Rabbit Grazing
Authors: Carpio Antonio J. , Soriano María-Auxiliadora , Gómez José A. , Tortosa Francisco S.
Published: September 2020

Cover crops can be an effective means to protect soil and reduce risks of erosion in olive groves. However, for this protection to be significant, the vegetation must attain a significant amount of ground cover, which is estimated to be at least 30% during the rainy season. In olive groves on degraded soils, which occupy large surface areas in the olive-growing areas of the Mediterranean region, the establishment of cover crops may be an arduous challenge, particularly in areas with a high density of rabbits. In this study, we have selected two olive orchards with scarce natural vegetation located in Andalusia (southern Spain), in which rabbit populations intensively forage the cover crops, to test whether the self-seeding of an unpalatable species corn chamomile (Anthemis arvensis L.; A. arvensis for short) could achieve sufficient coverage for soil protection, in the year following that in which the broadcast-seeding was carried out for the implementation of cover crops. The hand broadcast-seeding of A. arvensis was carried out on sixteen elementary plots in the lanes of the two olive orchards in the autumn of 2015, and seed germination in the subsequent self-seeding took place in the autumn of 2016. The plant height and A. arvensis ground cover in these plots were measured throughout the two growth cycles, and aerial biomass was measured at maturity. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the maximum plant height between the two growth cycles (mean ± SD of 21.2 ± 1.6 cm), while the ground cover was significantly greater in the case of self-seeding, especially during the winter (37.2 ± 8.1 and 9.3 ± 6.7% for self-seeding and broadcast-seeding, respectively), and aerial biomass at maturity had more than doubled (99.7 and 43.9 g m−2, respectively). These data suggest that this unpalatable species could establish an effective herbaceous cover by means of self-seeding in olive groves on degraded soils that are being overgrazed owing to the high pressure of rabbits. Despite the poor establishment in the broadcast-seeding year, our findings indicate that A. arvensis might be an alternative cover crop that could help the sustainability of these threatened olive groves. Its high seed production (2000 to 4000 seeds per plant), and an early emergence just after the first autumn rains, should result in an increased ground cover by A. arvensis during the rainy season in the subsequent years of self-seeding. This, therefore, could contribute to soil conservation, in addition to providing other benefits of increased biodiversity and improvement for agricultural landscapes.