bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Rewiring in the Face of Genomic Assault: Integrating DNA Damage Response and Cellular Metabolism
Authors: Ma Wenjian , Zhou Sa
Published: January 2025

The DNA damage response (DDR) and cellular metabolism exhibit a complex, bidirectional relationship crucial for maintaining genomic integrity. Studies across multiple organisms, from yeast to humans, have revealed how cells rewire their metabolism in response to DNA damage, supporting repair processes and cellular homeostasis. We discuss immediate metabolic shifts upon damage detection and long-term reprogramming for sustained genomic stability, highlighting key signaling pathways and participating molecules. Importantly, we examine how DNA repair processes can conversely induce metabolic changes and oxidative stress through specific mechanisms, including the histone H2A variant X (H2AX)/ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)/NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) pathway and repair-specific ROS signatures. The review covers organelle-specific responses and metabolic adaptations associated with different DNA repair mechanisms, with a primary focus on human cells. We explore the implications of this DDR–metabolism crosstalk in cancer, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases, and discuss emerging therapeutic opportunities. By integrating recent findings, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate interplay between DDR and cellular metabolism, offering new perspectives on cellular resilience and potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Analysis of Cardiovascular High-Risk Profile in Middle-Aged Lithuanian Men with Arterial Hypertension from 2009 to 2019
Authors: Šileikienė Vaida , Dženkevičiūtė Vilma , Čypienė Alma , Šlapikas Tautvydas , Puronaitė Roma , Badarienė Jolita , Laucevičius Aleksandras , Butkevičiūtė Eglė , Rinkūnienė Egidija
Published: January 2025

Objective: The prevalence of arterial hypertension in adult men is 34% worldwide and 52% in Lithuania. This paper aims to provide an overview of the prevalence trends of arterial hypertension and its clinical forms in middle-aged Lithuanian men and to assess the risk profiles of the different groups. Methods: This retrospective research study collected data from 52,012 Lithuanian male patients. The study population consisted of men aged 40–55 who participated in the Lithuanian High Cardiovascular Risk Program between 2009 and 2019. Results: Of the 52,012 participants, 47.2% (n = 24,531) were men with arterial hypertension. The prevalence of arterial hypertension in Lithuanian men decreased between 2009 and 2019 (p < 0.001). Before the study visit, 12.6% (n = 6583) of men were unaware of their diagnosis, and 8.8% (n = 4555) of diagnosed cases were untreated. In addition, 2.6% (n = 1334) of the men had resistant arterial hypertension. Significant differences in most general characteristics were found between the groups with arterial hypertension. Waist circumference increased from 92.8 ± 10.7 cm in men without arterial hypertension to 109 ± 13.3 cm and in men with resistant arterial hypertension (p < 0.001), and mean triglyceride levels increased from 1.55 ± 1.22 mmol/L to 2.32 ± 1.82 mmol/L in these groups (p < 0.001). Obesity (63.6%), unhealthy diet (74.7%), physical inactivity (62.9%), and diabetes (25.2%) were more common in the group with resistant arterial hypertension than in all other groups (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, dyslipidaemia was the most common risk factor in all groups (from 83.2% in men without arterial hypertension to 92.6% in men with resistant hypertension). Conclusions: Almost half of middle-aged men had arterial hypertension, with prevalence decreasing from 2009 to 2019. Significant changes in cardiometabolic characteristics were observed in newly diagnosed cases of arterial hypertension. These changes are even more notable in men with resistant hypertension compared to a non-resistant form. Most cardiovascular risk factors were most prevalent in over 50% of resistant hypertension cases, with dyslipidaemia being the most common risk factor in the entire male sample.
Lyophilized Small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs) Derived from Human Adipose Stem Cells Maintain Efficacy to Promote Healing in Neuronal Injuries
Authors: Jones Brianna , Patel Rekha , Wang Bangmei , Evans-Nguyen Theresa , Patel Niketa A.
Published: January 2025

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs in individuals of all ages, predominantly during sports, accidents, and in active military service members. Chronic consequences of TBI include declined cognitive and motor function, dementia, and emotional distress. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), previously referred to as exosomes, are nano-sized lipid vesicles that play a role in intercellular communication. Our prior research established the efficacy of sEVs derived from human adipose stem cells (hASC sEVs) in accelerating the healing of brain injuries. The hASC sEVs are a biologic therapeutic and need to be stored at −20 °C or −80 °C. This limits their use in translating to everyday use in clinics or their inclusion in first-aid kits for application immediately after injury. To address this, here we demonstrate that hASC sEVs can be stored at room temperature (RT) for two months post lyophilization. Methods: A transmission electron microscope (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) were used to validate the morphology of lyophilized RT sEVs. Using in vitro models of neuronal injury mimicking physical injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress, we demonstrate that lyophilized RT hASC sEVs are viable and promote the healing of neuronal injuries. Results: The lyophilized sEVs maintain their purity, size, and morphology upon rehydration. Lyophilized, RT stored sEVs showed better efficacy after two months compared with −80 °C stored sEVs. Conclusions: RT storage of lyophilized hASC sEVs maintains their efficacy to accelerate the healing of injuries in neuronal cells. This will advance the use of hASC sEVs, bringing them closer to use in clinics, home first-aid kits, and on battlefields by active service members.
Exploring Predictive Factors for Bulevirtide Treatment Response in Hepatitis Delta-Positive Patients
Authors: Zulian Verdiana , Salichos Leonidas , Taibi Chiara , Pauciullo Silvia , Dong Levi , D’Offizi Gianpiero , Biliotti Elisa , Rianda Alessia , Federici Luigi , Bibbò Angela , De Sanctis Martina , McPhee Fiona , Garbuglia Anna Rosa
Published: January 2025

Background: Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection represents the most severe form of viral hepatitis and is a significant global health challenge. Bulevirtide (BLV) is a novel therapeutic treatment that has resulted in variable response rates in HBV/HDV-coinfected patients. We evaluated clinical, virological, and polymorphic factors for the purpose of predicting BLV treatment success. Methods: Thirty HBV/HDV-coinfected patients received BLV monotherapy (2 mg/day) for 24 to 48 weeks. Baseline (BL) serum samples were collected to assess clinical parameters and virological markers (HDV RNA, HBV DNA, HBsAg, HBcrAg, anti-HBc IgG) at treatment weeks 24 (TW24) and 48 (TW48). Additionally, full-genome HDV sequencing and a phylogenetic analysis were performed. Finally, analyses of the HDAg protein sequence and HDV RNA secondary structure were conducted to evaluate potential associations with treatment response. Results: A significant reduction in HDV RNA levels was observed at TW48, with a virological response (HDV RNA undetectable or ≥2 Log decline from BL) achieved by 58% of patients. Median BL levels of anti-HBc IgG were significantly different between virological responders (39.3 COI; interquartile range [IQR] 31.6–47.1) and virological non-responders (244.7 COI; IQR 127.0–299.4) (p = 0.0001). HDV genotype 1e was predominant across the cohort, and no specific HDAg polymorphisms predicted the response. However, secondary structure analysis of HDV RNA revealed that a specific pattern of internal loops in the region 63–100 nucleotides downstream of the editing site may influence treatment response by impacting editing efficacy. Conclusions: This study revealed key factors influencing BLV efficacy in HBV/HDV coinfection. Lower baseline anti-HBc IgG levels strongly correlated with a positive virological response, suggesting that the liver’s inflammatory state affects treatment success. Additionally, the analysis of HDV RNA secondary structure in patients receiving BLV treatment revealed a higher editing efficiency in virological responders, highlighting areas for further research.
Advancing Smart Construction Through BIM-Enabled Automation in Reinforced Concrete Slab Design
Authors: Singh Tandeep , Mahmoodian Mojtaba , Wang Shasha
Published: January 2025

Building information modeling (BIM) has proven to be a valuable technology in the fields of architecture, construction management, and maintenance management. However, its full implementation in structural engineering remains unfulfilled due to the persistent use of outdated design methods. Insufficient automation in the design process could lead to structural defects, construction rework, and structural clashes, each of which can have significant financial implications. Given the inherent complexity of large-scale construction projects, manual structural design and detailing are challenging tasks and are prone to human errors. This paper presents a novel BIM framework that leverages BIM, Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), Python scripting, the IfcOpenShell library, and Octave programming to automate the design of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs, benefiting design professionals and contractors by integrating automated processes into project workflows. The framework achieved a 40% reduction in design time and a 25% decrease in human errors, as demonstrated through case studies. In this study, a 3D structural model in BIM software is firstly created, extracting slab geometrical data that are linked to Microsoft (MS) Excel/.csv and Octave spreadsheets via Python and IfcOpenShell. Midspan and end span moment coefficients and floor perimeter data following Indian standards are then gathered in Octave, and this information is further processed with Python scripts. Octave programming is used to determine the most accurate, reliable, and economical design for the slab and its detailing. This design information is then pushed back to BIM software via FreeCAD using Python coding, which can be used to develop bar bending scheduling and 2D drawings of the reinforcement details. The proposed framework is validated through case studies, demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing design time, minimizing human errors, and improving overall project efficiency. The core finding of this research is an automated approach that offers a cost-effective and accurate solution to the limitations of traditional RC slab design, addressing structural errors and reducing rework through seamless BIM integration. This research presents a novel contribution to the integration of structural design, construction processes, and operational aspects within BIM. The findings highlight the potential for further advancements in BIM adoption, particularly in addressing the lag in structural engineering applications compared to architecture.
Integrin α3β1 Is Not Required for Onset of Dysplasia in Genetic Model of Colon Cancer but Promotes Motility of Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Ottaviano Kathryn E. , Subbaram Sita , Wu Lei , Stahl Kiley , Mastrangelo Antoinette J. , Lee Hwajeong , DiPersio C. Michael
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The progression of colorectal cancer through clinically and histopathologically well-defined stages is driven by specific mutations that activate oncogenes or inactivate tumor-suppressor genes. In addition, pre-cancerous/cancer cells respond to cues from the tissue microenvironment that support tumorigenesis and progression, many of which are transmitted through integrin receptors for the extracellular matrix. Integrin α3β1 has pro-tumorigenic/pro-metastatic roles in many cancers, but it also has suppressive roles in some cancers or at specific stages of progression, indicating that its potential value as a therapeutic target cannot be extrapolated across cancer types or stages. In this study, we investigated roles for α3β1 in colorectal cancer using cellular and genetic models that represent different stages. Methods: We generated mice with colon-specific α3 knockout in a tamoxifen-inducible model of KRAS-mutated colorectal cancer to assess the effects of α3β1 ablation on early dysplasia. We also used siRNA to suppress α3β1 in human colorectal cancer cells, then assessed effects on motility and invasion in vitro. Results: Genetic deletion of α3β1 in the colon did not alter dysplasia in mice predisposed to KRAS-mutated colorectal cancer, and it was accompanied by an increase in the colocalization of α6 integrin with laminin-332 (a matrix ligand for both integrins), suggesting functional compensation. However, suppression of α3β1 caused an approximately 40% to 60% reduction in the motility/invasion of human colorectal cancer cells. Conclusions: Our findings that α3β1 is not required for pre-cancerous dysplasia but promotes colorectal cancer cell motility/invasion indicate an important role for pro-migratory functions of this integrin at later stages of progression when cells invade from the primary tumor, suggesting that strategies to target α3β1 in colorectal cancer should be aimed at distinct stages of disease progression.
RET C611Y Germline Variant in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A in Denmark 1930–2021: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Hansen Anders Würgler , Vestergaard Peter , Poulsen Morten Møller , Rasmussen Åse Krogh , Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla , Madsen Mette , Næraa Rune Weis , Hansen Dorte , Main Katharina , Pedersen Henrik Baymler , Londero Stefano Christian , Rolighed Lars , Hahn Christoffer Holst , Rask Klara Bay , Maare Christian , Nielsen Heidi Hvid , Gaustadnes Mette , Rossing Maria , Hermann Pernille , Mathiesen Jes Sloth
Published: January 2025

Background: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A) is a rare hereditary cancer syndrome caused by pathogenic variants in the rearranged during transfection (RET) gene and is characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytoma (PHEO), primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), cutaneous lichen amyloidosis (CLA), and Hirschsprung’s disease. Phenotypic data on the RET C611Y variant remain sparse. Consequently, we aimed to establish a clinical risk profile. Methods: We conducted a nationwide study of all cases (n = 128) born after 1 January 1930 and recognized as carrying the RET C611Y variant in Denmark before 1 April 2021. Results: The median follow-up after birth was 47 years (range, 3–92). Age-related penetrance at age 70 years for MTC was 98% (CI, 91–100), for PHEO 24% (CI, 16–37), and for PHPT 10% (CI, 5–20). None had CLA or Hirschsprung’s disease. The age-related progression of MTC was significant (p < 0.001). The median age at T0N0M0 was 11 years (2–62), at T1-4N0M0 was 37 years (12–65), at TxN1M0 was 47 years (16–79), and at TxNxM1 was 50 years (28–70). At the last follow-up, 56% of thyroidectomized cases (n = 103) were biochemically cured. Overall survival at 70 years was 74% (CI, 59–84). Conclusions: RET C611Y is associated with a very high penetrance of MTC and a low penetrance of PHEO and PHPT. CLA and Hirschsprung’s disease almost never occur. MTC seems moderately aggressive, but large variability can be seen. Overall survival may be comparable to that of the general population.
Exploring Distinct Profiles in Paediatric Bioethics—An Analysis of Proactive and Reactive Approaches by Adults
Authors: Rigotti Erika , Zaffanello Marco , Patuzzo Manzati Sara , Dinicola Giulia Adele , Piacentini Giorgio , Rodella Giulia , Pozzuoli Lucia , De Manzoni Giovanni
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The field of paediatric bioethics addresses ethical issues in paediatric care, where parental authority often guides medical decisions, but children’s preferences should also be considered. Promoting ethical awareness among minors can help them understand complex issues. This study aimed to analyse how sociodemographic, educational, and experiential factors shape adult perspectives on paediatric bioethical issues, particularly concerning pain and death. Methods: A questionnaire was developed to collect adult views of bioethical issues. The online questionnaire was disseminated via e-mail or WhatsApp. It started with an initial group of known individuals and then expanded hierarchically to include contacts of friends. Participants completed an online questionnaire, and data were analysed using SPSS version 22.0 for Windows. Clustering analysis identified two distinct groups. Results: This research focused on Italian adults (N = 889) aged 18 and over. Cluster 1, predominantly female (78.3%) and more highly educated (38.6% with postgraduate degrees), exhibited greater experience with paediatric bioethical issues (81.1%). This group favoured a collaborative approach, supporting shared training among adults (92.3%) and advocating for gradually addressing bioethical issues during childhood (84.3%). Cluster 2, with a higher proportion of males (31.5%) and parents (75.1%), showed lower educational levels (3.0% with middle school education) and less experience with bioethical concerns (93.5%). This group preferred a reactive, situation-specific approach to these issues. Conclusions: This study showed two distinct adult profiles regarding how they approach paediatric bioethics. The first group adopts a preventive and collaborative strategy, while the second group is more reactive and situation-driven. These findings can guide the development of tailored educational programmes to improve discussions about sensitive topics such as pain, incurability, and death in paediatric care.
The Impact of Ozone on Periodontal Cell Line Viability and Function
Authors: Hashim Nada Tawfig , Babiker Rasha , Dasnadi Shahistha Parveen , Islam Md Sofiqul , Chaitanya Nallan CSK , Mohammed Riham , Farghal Nancy Soliman , Gobara Bakri , Rahman Muhammed Mustahsen
Published: January 2025

Periodontal diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis, are chronic inflammatory conditions of the teeth’ supporting structures that can lead to progressive tissue destruction and loss if left untreated. Basic treatments like scaling and root planing, alone or combined with antimicrobial agents, are the standard of care. However, with the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance and the need for new ideas in therapy, adjunctive treatments like ozone therapy have gained attention. Ozone (O3), a triatomic oxygen molecule, is used because of its strong antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative activity and, hence, as a potential tool in periodontal therapy. This review of the use of ozone therapy in periodontal disease breaks down the multifaceted mechanism of ozone therapy, which includes the selective antimicrobial action against biofilm-associated pathogens, immunomodulatory effects on host cells, and stimulation of tissue repair. O3 therapy disrupts microbial biofilms, enhances immune cell function, and promotes healing by activating Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways that regulate oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Additional findings include its ability to upregulate growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins, which is significant for periodontal tissue regeneration. This review also discusses the application of O3 therapy in periodontal cell lines, emphasizing its impact on cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation. Advances in periodontal regenerative techniques, combined with the antimicrobial and healing properties of O3, have demonstrated significant clinical benefits. Challenges, including the need for standardized dosages, effective delivery systems, and long-term studies, are also addressed to ensure safe and effective clinical integration. O3 therapy, with its dual antimicrobial and regenerative capabilities, offers an innovative adjunctive approach to periodontal treatment. Future research focusing on optimized protocols and evidence-based guidelines is essential to fully realize its potential in enhancing periodontal health and improving patient outcomes.
Evaluation of the Cooling Effect of an Outdoor Misting Fan for Workers in Hot Environments Wearing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Authors: Farnham Craig , Yuan Jihui , Emura Kazuo
Published: January 2025

Heat stress on workers wearing PPE (Personal protective equipment) in hot outdoor environments is of rising concern, especially in cases when rest breaks and clothing changes are impractical. Mist fan evaporative cooling could provide low-energy continuous cooling, even during work activity. The cooling effect of a misting fan was compared to that of a fan alone, as well as natural convection. A thermal mannequin with heat flux sensors at eight body locations was exposed to an outdoor misting fan while being clothed in typical work clothes and PPE. Work clothes were dry or saturated with water to simulate sweat. The distance from the misting fan ranged from 4 m (wetting common) to 7 m (wetting unlikely). On average, the misting fan had a cooling effect of 0.31 met (18.3 W/m2) higher than natural convection when PPE is worn with wet work clothes, and 0.35 met (20.3 W/m2) higher than when PPE is worn with dry work clothes. This equates to reducing the thermal metabolic load from light industrial work to walking about in office work, or from standing to reclining. Under the ISO 7243 international standard for workers in hot environments, this would increase the acceptable WBGT (wet bulb globe temperature) by over 0.6 °C.
Language of the Heart: Creating Digital Stories and Found Poetry to Understand Patients’ Experiences Living with Advanced Cancer
Authors: Sitter Kathleen C. , Gamboa Jessame , de Groot Janet Margaret
Published: January 2025

In this article, we share our findings on patients’ experiences creating digital stories about living with advanced cancer, represented through found poetry. Over a period of 12 months, patients from the program “Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully” (CALM) completed digital stories about their experiences living with cancer. Digital stories are short, personalized videos that combine photographs, imagery, narration, and music to communicate a personal experience about a topic of inquiry. Patient interviews were conducted about the digital storytelling process. Found poetry guided the analysis technique. It is a form of arts-based research that involves using words and phrases found in interview transcripts to create poems that represent research themes. This article begins with a brief overview of the psychosocial intervention CALM, arts in healthcare, and found poetry, followed by the project background. The found poems represent themes of emotional impact, legacy making, and support and collaboration. Findings also indicate the inherently relational aspect of digital storytelling as participants emphasized the integral role of the digital storytelling facilitator. What follows is a discussion on digital storytelling, which considers the role of found poetry in representing patient voices in the research process.
Species-Specific Mytilus Markers or Hybridization Evidence?
Authors: Guzmán Hardy S. , Toro Jorge E. , Oyarzún Pablo A. , Illesca Alex , Ávila Xiomara , Gardner Jonathan P. A.
Published: January 2025

The development of molecular methods to detect Mytilus hybrids is important for food authentication, conservation, and the sustainable management of shellfish aquaculture as accurate food labeling is a legal requirement, and because introgression may promote undesirable phenotypes or displace native species. However, nuclear and mitochondrial markers can segregate independently, compromising diagnostic congruence between these markers. This study aimed to detect hybrids in the Mytilus edulis species complex using a multi-locus approach, including RFLP-PCR assays for Me 15/16, 16S rRNA, and COIxba, in samples collected from five continents. We used a model-based Bayesian method for hybrid and pure species detection to analyze the diagnostic potential of nuclear and mitochondrial markers in mussel samples from South America, North America, Africa, Oceania, and Europe. Our results showed that the combined use of markers can differentiate between M. trossulus, M. edulis, M. galloprovincialis, and M. chilensis. The combined use of nuclear and mitochondrial molecular markers also improves hybrid detection and allows us to identify introgression using Bayesian analysis.
Clinical and Pathological Profile of Children and Adolescents with Osteosarcoma
Authors: Ivan Andrei , Cojocaru Elena , Sirbu Paul Dan , Al Namat Dina Roșca , Tîrnovanu Ștefan Dragoș , Butnariu Lăcrămioara Ionela , Bernic Jana , Bernic Valentin , Țarcă Elena
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of primary malignant bone and cartilage tumour. Because of the remarkable developments in technology, remarkable progress has been made in the medical field regarding the diagnosis and management of OS patients. The aim of the study is to describe the clinical and pathological profile of paediatric patients with osteosarcoma and to identify potential prognostic factors for an unfavourable outcome in our country. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of all children and adolescents with musculoskeletal tumours diagnosed and treated at our tertiary Orthopaedic Department for a period of 10 years. Results: A group of 65 children and adolescents with osteosarcoma who benefited from diagnosis, neoadjuvant, adjuvant and surgical treatment in the Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children “Sfânta Maria” Iasi, România, was analysed. The average age at the time of diagnosis was 12.9 years. The analysis revealed a higher frequency for male patients in the case of femur and tibia locations and a significantly higher frequency of osteosarcoma in the scapula and clavicle in female patients, while OS in the humerus was found only in male patients (χ2 = 19.46, p = 0.0149). The most frequent histopathological subtype was osteoblastic osteosarcoma, but there was no significant correlation with the gender or the age of the patients (χ2 = 0.73, p = 0.863 and χ2 = 0.843, p = 0.839). The results indicated instead a significantly (p = 0.0185) lower age values of patients with undifferentiated osteosarcomas, the average age being 9.4 years ± 2.1 SD. After performing a multivariate logistic regression analysis for the risk of death based on clinical parameters, we found that high tumoural grading increases the risk of death 2.8 times, pleomorphic histological subtype increases the risk of death 3.5 times, and stage IV TNM increases this risk 5.9 times. Conclusions: For the north-eastern geographical part of Romania, the epidemiological and clinical profile of a child with osteosarcoma is a 13-year-old boy with a femoral or tibia tumour or a 12-year-old girl with a femoral, tibia, scapula or clavicle tumour, both coming from a rural area. The tumour has around 12 cm diameter and is a differentiated osteoblastic osteosarcoma. The survival rate at 10 years is 63%. Tumour grading, histological subtype and TNM staging significantly influence the probability of death and could be important prognostic parameters for patients with osteosarcoma.
The Early Exposure Rate and Vertical Bone Gain of Titanium Mesh for Maxillary Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lorusso Felice , Gehrke Sergio Alexandre , Alla Iris , Tari Sergio Rexhep , Scarano Antonio
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The use of titanium meshes in bone regeneration is a clinical procedure that regenerates bone defects by ensuring graft stability and biocompatibility. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of titanium mesh procedures in terms of vertical bone gain and the exposure rate. Methods: The product screening and eligibility analysis were performed using the Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar electronic databases by two authors. The selected articles were classified based on the study design, regenerative technique, tested groups and materials, sample size, clinical findings, and follow-up. A risk of bias calculation was conducted on the selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized trials and a series of pairwise meta-analysis calculations were performed for the vertical bone gain (VBG) and exposure rate. A significantly lower exposure rate was observed using coronally advanced lingual flaps (p < 0.05). No difference was observed between the titanium mesh and GBR techniques in terms of VBG (p > 0.05). Results: The initial search output 288 articles, and 164 papers were excluded after the eligibility analysis. The descriptive synthesis considered a total of 97 papers and 6 articles were considered for the pairwise comparison. Conclusions: Within the limits of the present investigation, the titanium mesh procedure reported high VBG values after the healing period. The mesh exposure rate was drastically lower with passive management of the surgical flap.
Quantitative Study of Swin Transformer and Loss Function Combinations for Face Anti-Spoofing
Authors: Gong Liang Yu , Li Xue Jun
Published: January 2025

Face anti-spoofing (FAS) has always been a hidden danger in network security, especially with the widespread application of facial recognition systems. However, some current FAS methods are not effective at detecting different forgery types and are prone to overfitting, which means they cannot effectively process unseen spoof types. Different loss functions significantly impact the classification effect based on the same feature extraction without considering the quality of the feature extraction. Therefore, it is necessary to find a loss function or a combination of different loss functions for spoofing detection tasks. This paper mainly aims to compare the effects of different loss functions or loss function combinations. We selected the Swin Transformer as the backbone of our training model to extract facial features to ensure the accuracy of the ablation experiment. For the application of loss functions, we adopted four classical loss functions: cross-entropy loss (CE loss), semi-hard triplet loss, L1 loss and focal loss. Finally, this work proposed combinations of Swin Transformers and different loss functions (pairs) to test through in-dataset experiments with some common FAS datasets (CelebA-Spoofing, CASIA-MFSD, Replay attack and OULU-NPU). We conclude that using a single loss function cannot produce the best results for the FAS task, and the best accuracy is obtained when applying triplet loss, cross-entropy loss and Smooth L1 loss as a loss combination.
Iterative Learning Control Applied to Interconnected RGB Light Strip
Authors: Hładowski Łukasz , Sulikowski Bartłomiej , Witczak Marcin
Published: January 2025

In this paper, an iterative learning control scheme is applied to the interconnected RGB light strip modeled with so-called spatially interconnected systems. The proposed strategy starts with formulating a set of Kirchhoff equalities, which lead to the 2D state-space model. In the next step, the system model is transformed into its 1D equivalent using the so-called lifting approach. Subsequently, the ILC design strategy is proposed. Due to the fact that it eventually takes the form of a differential linear repetitive process, the well-established stability theory along the trial is applied. This enables the application of computationally efficient stability tests, which employ linear matrix inequalities. Such a strategy ensures a numerically tractable design procedure. The application of this strategy ensures the convergence of the output signal to the desired reference. It is important to emphasize that the considered system can be affected by disturbances, and hence, it reflects practical situations that are inevitable in engineering practice. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated with a comprehensive simulation study.
Engineering of Hybrid SiO2@{N-P-Fe} Catalysts with Double-Ligand for Efficient H2 Production from HCOOH
Authors: Sotiriou Anna , Aspri Eleni , Deligiannakis Yiannis , Louloudi Maria
Published: January 2025

Two Fe-based hybrids, [SiO2@NP(Ph)2/FeII/PP3] and [SiO2@NP(t-Bu)2/FeII/PP3], were synthesized using the double-ligand approach by covalently grafting NP ligands onto the surface of SiO2. Both catalytic systems were evaluated for H2 production through formic acid dehydrogenation (FADH), revealing important efficiency without requiring additional additives and/or co-catalysts. During the continuous addition of FA, [SiO2@NP(Ph)2/FeII/PP3] and [SiO2@NP(t-Bu)2/FeII/PP3] demonstrated great stability, achieving total TONs = 20,636 and 20,854, respectively. FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy provided insights into the role of NP ligands, such as NP(Ph)2 and NP(t-Bu)2, on the assembly and structural configuration of active hybrid Fe catalysts and their ability to dehydrogenate formic acid. Additional studies, including in situ mapping of the solution potential (Eh) of the catalytic reaction and an Arrhenius study of the activation energy (Ea), revealed a correlation between Ea and H2 production rates: the system [SiO2@NP(Ph)2/FeII/PP3] with an Ea = 29.4 KJ/mol shows an H2 production rate of 58 mL-H2/min, while [SiO2@NP(t-Bu)2/FeII/PP3] with a Ea = 50.6 KJ/mol shows an H2 production rate of 55 mL-H2/min. This is the first example of a heterogeneous FADH system where the original strategy of a “double-ligand” has been demonstrated for homogeneous FADH catalytic systems. Herein we demonstrate that we can engineer a decrease in the activation barrier Ea via two synergistic steps: (i) via grafting of the NP ligand onto SiO2 and (ii) using PP3 as double ligand. This strategy leads to a boost in the H2 production efficiency of [SiO2@NP(Ph)2/FeII/PP3] as a heterogeneous catalyst, which for the first time has been shown to be able to outperform the parental reference/homogenous catalyst [FeII/PP3].
Laboratory-to-Field Scale Numerical Investigation of Enhanced Oil Recovery Mechanism for Supercritical CO2-Energized Fracturing
Authors: Yan Xiaolun , Zuo Ting , Lan Jianping , Jia Yu , Xiao Cong
Published: January 2025

This study systematically performs multi-scale numerical investigation of supercritical CO2-energized fracturing, widely employed for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in tight oil and gas reservoirs. Two distinct models, spanning from core scale to field scale, are designed to explore the diffusion patterns of CO2 into the matrix and its impact on crude oil production at varying scales. The core-scale model employs discrete grid regions to simulate the interaction between fractures and the core, facilitating a comprehensive understanding of CO2 diffusion and its interaction with crude oil. Based on the core-scale numerical model, the wellbore treatment process is simulated, investigating CO2 distribution within the core and its influence on crude oil during the well treatment phase. The field-scale model employs a series of grids to simulate fractures, the matrix, and the treatment zone. Additionally, a dilation model is employed to simulate fracture initiation and closure during CO2 fracturing and production processes. The model explores CO2 diffusion and its interaction with crude oil at different shut-in times and various injection rates, analyzing their impact on cumulative oil production within a year. The study concludes that during shut-in, CO2 continues to diffuse deeper into the matrix until CO2 concentration reaches an equilibrium within a certain range. At the core scale, CO2 penetrates approximately 4 cm into the core after a 15-day shut-in, effectively reducing the viscosity within a range of about 3.5 cm. At the field scale, CO2 diffusion extends up to approximately 4 m, with an effective viscosity reduction zone of about 3 m. Results suggest that, theoretically, higher injection rates and longer shut-in times yield better EOR results. However, considering economic factors, a 20-day shut-in period is preferred. Different injection rates indicate varying fracture conduction capabilities upon gas injection completion.
Comprehensive Review of Bearing Currents in Electrical Machines: Mechanisms, Impacts, and Mitigation Techniques
Authors: Pei Tianyi , Zhang Hengliang , Hua Wei , Zhang Fengyu
Published: January 2025

The present paper deals with a review on bearing currents in electrical machines, with major emphasis on mechanisms, impacts, and mitigation strategies. High-frequency common-mode voltages from the inverter-driven system have been found to be the main reason for bearing current leading to motor bearing degradation and eventual failure. This paper deals with bearing currents—electrical discharge machining (EDM) currents, circulating bearing currents, and rotor-to-ground bearing currents—and the various methods of their generation and effects that are harmful to the bearings and lubricants of a motor. Mitigation techniques, among which the following have been taken into account, are studied in this context: the optimization of PWM modulation, and the use of shaft grounding brushes, insulated bearings, and passive or active filters. Finally, advantages, limitations, and implementation challenges are discussed. A review comparing three-phase and dual three-phase inverters showed that, due to the increased degree of freedom in modulation strategies, it is possible to eliminate common-mode voltages through active modulation techniques. Such added flexibility will reduce the risk of bearing currents effectively. It also highlights future research directions in bearing current suppression, including the development of multi-phase motor systems, real-time monitoring technologies with artificial intelligence, and the use of new insulation materials for the enhancement of bearing reliability. The results obtained should guide future research and engineering practices in suppressing bearing currents to improve motor durability with high performance.
Two-Phase Approach for Designing Sustainable Biomass Supply Chains for Community-Scale Biomass Power Plants in Thailand
Authors: Boonman Athipthep , Fukuda Suneerat , Tiwari Shubham , Kraxner Florian
Published: January 2025

This study proposes a novel two-phase model framework for designing sustainable biomass supply chains of Community-Scale Biomass Power Plants (CSBPPs) by optimization based on geospatial-based Multi-criteria Decision Making (MCDM), the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and the Location–Allocation Model. Phase I involved land suitability criteria prioritization and suitable land area analysis. The location–allocation model was the main tool used in Phase II to identify optimal locations, followed by the analysis of the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). The model optimized site location based on the availability (remaining) of local crop residues, electricity demand, road networks and other key criteria for power plant development, such as the location of substations and the location of existing power plants. The results show that the estimated total remaining crop residue potential in the EEC region was 2403 kt/year, which can generate approximately 34,156 TJ. The location–allocation model identified the top five locations for CSBPPs. The total required installed capacity of these five locations was approximately 100.23 MW in order to serve the district energy demand by the residential sector of 793.82 million (kWh/year). Assuming direct combustion-steam turbine technology with an installed capacity of 6–10 MW, the average LCOE was found to be in a range of $0.076 to $0.081 USD/kWh.
Assessing Dietary Exposure Risk to Food Preservatives Among the Eating-Out Population in Taiwan Using the Total Diet Study Method
Authors: Ku Hao-Hsiang , Yang Shih-Cheng , Hsiao Huai-An , Chen Jui-Sheng , Ling Min-Pei
Published: January 2025

In recent years, due to the rapid pace of urbanization and increasingly hectic modern lifestyles that leave little time for home cooking, more and more people prefer to dine at food stands, restaurants, or supermarkets due to convenience. This type of people are often called the eating-out population. The general public may have a concept that most of the food items consumed by people eating out are first prepared for storage by vendors and are likely to contain more food preservatives. Excessive exposure to benzoic acid (BA), sorbic acid (SA), and dehydroacetic acid (DHA), which account for the highest number of violations of the amount of preservatives permitted in food, may cause potential human health risk. The purpose of this study was to investigate the human health risks of consuming preservatives used in food among for Taiwanese people who eat out. We applied the total diet study (TDS) method to analyze the concentrations of BA, SA, and DHA in the food items frequently consumed when people dine outside. The hazard index in percent acceptable daily intake (%ADI) of BA and SA for four exposure groups classified by age were calculated. In high-intake consumers, the highest hazard index of BA was 2.5%ADI for the 6–9 years old age group of the eating-out population, which still fell within the acceptable risk range. In addition, the risk appeared to be decreasing year-on-year, which may be related to year-on-year improvements of the way food products are processed in the food industry.
Improving Olive Leaf Phenolic Extraction with Pulsed Electric Field Technology Pre-Treatment
Authors: Razola-Díaz María del Carmen , Sevenich Robert , Schlüter Oliver K. , Verardo Vito , Gómez-Caravaca Ana María
Published: January 2025

The olive leaf is one of the main by-products from the olive oil industry. This by-product is a rich source of phenolic compounds that have been shown to possess beneficial health activities, which are due in part to their antioxidant activities. Therefore, the revaluation of this by-product would be of great importance for the food industry. For this reason, this study focuses on the pretreatment of olive leaves with a technology based on the use of pulsed electric fields (PEF) and their following extraction by ultrasounds in order to obtain an extract enriched in phenolic compounds. A Box-Behnken design of 15 experiments with three independent factors has been carried out: electric field strength (kV/cm), frequency (Hz) and total treatment time (s). The response variables were the sum of phenolic compounds, hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein measured by HPLC-MS-ESI-TOF and the antioxidant activity measured by DPPH. The validity of the experimental design was confirmed by ANOVA and the optimal conditions were established by using the response surface methodology in combination with a desirability function. The PEF optimal conditions were 0.6 kV/cm at 90 Hz for 11 s, which allowed for obtaining an olive leaf extract with 26.8, 21.7 and 15.6% higher contents of hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein and total phenolic compounds, respectively, compared to the non-treated sample with PEF. The antioxidant activity measured by DPPH was increased significantly by 32.3%. The data confirmed that the pre-treatment with PEF under these optimal conditions has proven to be effective in improving the extraction of phenolic compounds in olive leaves.
Biogenic Amines in White Brined Cheeses
Authors: Buňková Leona , Riemel Jakub , Purevdorj Khatantuul , Vinter Štěpán , Míšková Zuzana , Jančová Petra
Published: January 2025

In the current study, a comprehensive analysis of biogenic amines in white brined cheeses was conducted. BAs may accumulate in food in high concentrations via the activities of microorganisms that produce decarboxylation enzymes. Neither tryptamine, phenylethylamine, nor spermidine was detected in the monitored cheese samples. Biogenic amines were detected in 20 samples, with tyramine and spermine being the most abundant, particularly in Feta cheeses, where tyramine concentrations exceeded 100 mg/kg in three samples. In 25% of the tested cheeses, total concentration of all the monitored biogenic amines and polyamines exceeded the level of 100 mg/kg, which may be considered of toxicological significance to sensitive persons. Decarboxylase activity was identified in 94 isolates, including significant producers such as Levilactobacillus brevis and Enterococcus durans. The correlation between high total microbial counts and lactic acid bacteria suggests that these microorganisms play a critical role in biogenic amine production. Our findings highlight the importance of monitoring specific microbial populations to mitigate biogenic amine risks in cheese production.
Fractional-Order Complex Systems: Advanced Control, Intelligent Estimation and Reinforcement Learning Image-Processing Algorithms
Authors: Zhang Jin-Xi , Zhang Xuefeng , Boutat Driss , Liu Da-Yan
Published: January 2025

In this Special Issue on “Applications of Fractional Operators in Image Processing and Stability of Control Systems”, more than 20 high-quality papers have been published [...]
Fractional Transfer Entropy Networks: Short- and Long-Memory Perspectives on Global Stock Market Interactions
Authors: Akgüller Ömer , Balcı Mehmet Ali , Batrancea Larissa Margareta , Gaban Lucian
Published: January 2025

This study addresses the challenge of capturing both short-run volatility and long-run dependencies in global stock markets by introducing fractional transfer entropy (FTE), a new framework that embeds fractional calculus into transfer entropy. FTE allows analysts to tune memory parameters and thus observe how different temporal emphases reshape the network of directional information flows among major financial indices. Empirical evidence reveals that when short-memory effects dominate, markets swiftly incorporate recent news, creating networks that adapt quickly but remain vulnerable to transient shocks. In contrast, balanced memory parameters yield a more stable equilibrium, blending immediate reactions with persistent structural ties. Under long-memory configurations, historically entrenched relationships prevail, enabling established market leaders to remain central despite ongoing fluctuations. These findings demonstrate that FTE uncovers nuanced dynamics overlooked by methods focusing solely on either current events or deep-rooted patterns. Although the method relies on price returns and does not differentiate specific shock types, it offers a versatile tool for investors, policymakers, and researchers to gauge financial stability, evaluate contagion risk, and better understand how ephemeral signals and historical legacies jointly govern global market connectivity.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Dissolving Hyaluronic Acid Microneedle Patches for Minimally Invasive Transdermal Drug Delivery by Nanoimprinting
Authors: Miura Sayaka , Yamagishi Rio , Ando Mano , Hachikubo Yuna , Ibrahim Nor Amirrah , Fadilah Nur Izzah Md , Maarof Manira , Oshima Misaki , Goo Sen Lean , Hayashi Hiryu , Morita Mayu , Fauzi Mh Busra , Takei Satoshi
Published: January 2025

Transdermal drug delivery minimizes pain and provides a controlled, stable release of drugs, but its effectiveness is limited by the skin’s natural barriers. Microneedles overcome this problem, enabling minimally invasive drug delivery. Microneedle patches (MNPs) with 80 µm-tall needles composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) were developed and evaluated for their formability, structural integrity, dissolution rate, skin penetration ability, and drug transmission capacity. The influence of the molecular weight of HA on these properties was also investigated. MNPs made from low-molecular-weight HA (30 kDa–50 kDa) demonstrated 12.5 times superior drug permeability in ex vivo human skin compared to needleless patches (NLPs). Furthermore, in the same test, low-molecular-weight HA MNPs had 1.7 times higher drug permeability than high-molecular-weight HA MNPs, suggesting superior transdermal administration. The molecular weight of HA significantly influenced its solubility and permeability, highlighting the potential effectiveness of MNPs as drug delivery systems. Puncture tests demonstrated a penetration depth of 50–60 µm, indicating minimal nerve irritation in the dermis and effective drug delivery to the superficial dermal layer. These results present a manufacturing technique for MNPs incorporating model drug compounds and highlight their potential as a novel and minimally invasive drug delivery method for the biomedical applications of soft gels.