bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of 1,2 units content on the hydrogenation of polydienes by TSH
Authors: Santin C. K. , Jacobi M. M. , Schuster R. H.
Published: October 2010

The influence of 1,2 vinyl content on hydrogenation of SBR and BR rubbers with high molecular weight by a noncatalytic method using p‐toluenesulfonylhydrazide (TSH) as reagent was investigated. Results show an increase of hydrogenation percentage with molar ratio of the reagents, temperature, and reaction time. The degree of hydrogenation depends strongly on the microstructure of the rubber mainly on the amount of 1,2 content. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to confirm the microstructural characteristics of the hydrogenated rubbers. The degree of hydrogenation was determined by iodometry method and 1H‐NMR analysis. The change in the thermal behavior of hydrogenated rubbers was followed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), which showed a difference in flexibility chain and thermal stability. The kinetic studies demonstrate that the diimide reduction follows a first‐order reaction with respect to olefin substrate. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Construction of nonpathological Lyapunov functions for discontinuous systems with Caratheodory solutions
Authors: Armaki Alireza Faraji , Pariz Naser , Asgharian Rajab
Published: October 2010

This paper presents a method based on the Nonpathological Lyapunov theorem for constructing Lyapunov function (LF) for discontinuous time invariant dynamical systems with Caratheodory solutions. The origin is stable, if the method constructs a Nonpathological Lyapunov Function (NPLF) for the system.

Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Practical adaptive iterative learning control framework based on robust adaptive approach
Authors: Chen Weisheng , Li Junmin , Li Jing
Published: October 2010

This paper addresses a unified framework for a practical iterative learning control from a robust adaptive control viewpoint. It shows that if a Lyapunov method based on robust adaptive control scheme is available, and the Lyapunov function satisfies certain conditions, then it is straightforward to extend the robust adaptive controller to handle the practical iterative learning control problem in the system under consideration. Two examples are provided to show the application of the design method. The corresponding simulation results are given to verify the effectiveness of the control algorithm proposed in this paper.

Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Necessary and sufficient stability condition of LTV iterative learning control systems using a 2‐D approach
Authors: Meng Deyuan , Jia Yingmin , Du Junping , Yu Fashan
Published: October 2010

This paper deals with the stability analysis of discrete iterative learning control (ILC) by developing a two‐dimensional (2‐D) approach under the Roesser systems framework. The system under consideration is a class of multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO), linear time‐varying (LTV) systems. Using a type of two‐gain ILC, it is shown that once the theory is established for the discrete‐time‐varying 2‐D Roesser systems, a necessary and sufficient condition for the stability of ILC process can be determined directly. Numerical simulation is included to verify the theoretical results.

Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Impact of revised and potential future albedo estimates on CCSM3 simulations of growing‐season surface temperature fields for North America
Authors: Heilman Warren E. , Hollinger David Y. , Li Xiuping , Bian Xindi , Zhong Shiyuan
Published: October 2010

Recently published albedo research has resulted in improved growing‐season albedo estimates for forest and grassland vegetation. The impact of these improved estimates on the ability of climate models to simulate growing‐season surface temperature patterns is unknown. We have developed a set of current‐climate surface temperature scenarios for North America using the Community Climate System Model—Version 3 (CCSM3). Simulation results suggest that modifications to the default CCSM3 radiative parameters that are consistent with more recent accurate measurements of albedo values for grasslands and needle‐leaf deciduous trees (NDTs) can reduce the overall growing‐season surface temperature bias over North America in CCSM3 simulations. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Sol–gel synthesis, characterization and luminescence properties of SrMgAl2SiO7:Eu2+ as a novel nanocrystalline phosphor
Authors: Salimi R. , Sameie H. , Sabbagh Alvani A. A. , Sarabi A. A. , Moztarzadeh F. , Tahriri M.
Published: October 2010

In this research, a new SrMgAl2SiO7:Eu2+ phosphor was synthesized via the sol–gel method. The phase‐forming processes were studied by thermogravimetric–differential thermal analysis and X‐ray diffraction technique. Scanning electron microscopy showed that there is uniform morphology and microstructure owing to the sol–gel route. Spectrophotometry and colorimetry analyses illustrated that, under short ultraviolet excitation, the main emission peak occurred at 421 nm and also a relatively pure blue color was observed that was ascribed to the 4f65d1(2D) → 4f7(8S7/2) transition of Eu2+ with color coordination of x = 0.187, y = 0.077. Finally, it was found that the color and phase purity of the synthesized powder increased as calcinations time increased. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biosurfactant production and growth kinetics of bacteria in a designer marine medium: Improved physiochemical properties
Authors: Sivapathasekaran C. , Mukherjee Soumen , Sen Ramkrishna
Published: October 2010

A combinatorial screening strategy was adopted for the development of a suitable medium for enhanced biosurfactant production by a marine strain. As a result, a modified marine medium (MMM) was developed, which contained urea and strontium chloride besides other salts important for the growth of marine bacteria. This medium supported growth, evident from a higher maximum growth rate value of 0.42 h–1 and an enhanced biosurfactant production of 2.58 g/L. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined for the biosurfactants obtained from all tested media combinations. The biosurfactant produced with this medium was stable at high temperature (100°C), a wide range of pH (5–11) and salt concentration of 5–35%. The emulsifying activity and stability of the biosurfactant obtained using MMM was better than the biosurfactant obtained using conventional media. This biosurfactant with improved physiochemical properties is suitable for a wide range of applications in industry and for marine environmental cleaning.
Enhanced cell viability and cell adhesion using low conductivity medium for negative dielectrophoretic cell patterning
Authors: Puttaswamy Srinivasu Valagerahally , Sivashankar Shilpa , Chen Rong‐Jhe , Chin Chung‐Kuang , Chang Hwan‐You , Liu Cheng Hsien
Published: October 2010

Negative dielectrophoretic (n‐DEP) cell manipulation is an efficient way to pattern human liver cells on micro‐electrode arrays. Maintaining cell viability is an important objective for this approach. This study investigates the effect of low conductivity medium and the optimally designed microchip on cell viability and cell adhesion. To explore the influence of conductivity on cell viability and cell adhesion, we have used earlier reported dielectrophoresis (DEP) buffer with a conductivity of 10.2 mS/m and three formulated media with conductivity of 9.02 (M1), 8.14 (M2), 9.55 (M3) mS/m. The earlier reported isotonic sucrose/dextrose buffer (DEP buffer) used for DEP manipulation has the drawback of poor cell adhesion and cell viability. A microchip prototype with well‐defined positioning of titanium electrode arrays was designed and fabricated on a glass substrate. The gap between the radial electrodes was accurately determined to achieve good cell patterning performance. Parameters such as dimension of positioning electrode, amplitude, and frequency of voltage signal were investigated to optimize the performance of the microchip.
Metabolism of green tea catechins by the human small intestine
Authors: Schantz Markus , Erk Thomas , Richling Elke
Published: October 2010

Numerous studies have shown that green tea polyphenols can be degraded in the colon, and there is abundant knowledge about the metabolites of these substances that appear in urine and plasma after green tea ingestion. However, there is very little information on the extent and nature of intestinal degradation of green tea catechins in humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine in detail the microbial metabolism and chemical stability of these polyphenols in the small intestine using a well‐established ex vivo model. For this purpose, fresh ileostomy fluids from two probands were incubated for 24 h under anaerobic conditions with (+)‐catechin (C), (‐)‐epicatechin (EC), (‐)‐epicatechin 3‐O‐gallate (ECG), (‐)‐epigallocatechin (EGC), (‐)‐epigallocatchin 3‐O‐gallate (EGCG) and gallic acid (GA). After lyophilisation and extraction, metabolites were separated, identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography‐photodiode array detection (HPLC‐DAD) and HPLC‐ESI‐tandem mass spectrometry. Two metabolites of EC and C (3', 4', 5'‐trihydroxyphenyl‐γ‐valerolactone and 3', 4'‐dihydroxyphenyl‐γ‐valerolactone) were identified. In addition, 3', 4', 5'‐trihydroxyphenyl‐γ‐valerolactone was detected as a metabolite of EGC, and (after 24‐h incubation) pyrogallol as a degradation product of GA. Cleavage of the GA esters of EGCG and ECG was also observed, with variations dependent on the sources (probands) of the ileal fluids, which differed substantially microbiotically. The results provide new information about the degradation of green tea catechins in the gastrointestinal tract, notably that microbiota‐dependent liberation of GA esters may occur before these compounds reach the colon.
Apolipoprotein A‐IMilano anion exchange chromatography: Self association and adsorption equilibrium
Authors: Bankston Theresa E. , Carta Giorgio
Published: October 2010

The self‐associative properties of apolipoprotein A‐IMilano (apoA‐IM) were investigated in relationship to its anion exchange behavior on Q‐Sepharose‐HP with and without the addition of urea as a denaturant. Self‐association was dependent on protein and urea concentration and both influenced interactions of the protein with the chromatographic surface. In the absence of urea, apoA‐IM was highly associated and existed primarily as a mixture of homodimer, tetramer and hexamer forms. Under these conditions, since the binding strength was greater for the oligomer forms, broad, asymmetrical peaks were obtained in both isocratic and gradient elution. Adding urea depressed self‐association and caused unfolding. This resulted in sharper peaks but also decreased the binding strength. Thus, under these conditions chromatographic elution occurred at lower salt concentrations. The adsorption isotherms obtained at high protein loadings were also influenced by self‐association and by the varying binding strength of the differently associated and unfolded forms. The isotherms were thus dependent on protein, urea, and salt concentration. Maximum binding capacity was obtained in the absence of urea, where adsorption of oligomers was shown to be dominant. Adding urea reduced the apparent binding capacity and weakened the apparent binding strength. A steric mass action model accounting for competitive binding of the multiple associated forms was used to successfully describe the equilibrium binding behavior using parameters determined from isocratic elution and isotherm experiments.
Gender and physical punishment: the filipino children's experience
Authors: Sanapo Margaret S. , Nakamura Yasuhide
Published: October 2010

This paper reports selected findings from a doctoral dissertation on Filipino children's attitudes towards physical punishment. The findings of this research stem from a survey of 270 grade‐six students in Iloilo, Philippines. The results indicated that the majority (61.1%) had experienced physical punishment at home. The most common punishment children received was pinching (74.5%), followed by beatings (49.7%). The chi‐square analysis revealed that more boys than girls were physically punished (p < 0.05). Mothers were found to be the most frequent users of physical punishment. The prevalence of physical punishment at home may be attributed to Philippine law which ‘allows parents to physically punish their children as may be necessary for the formation of his good character’ as reflected in Article 45 of Presidential Decree No. 603, known as ‘The Child and Youth Welfare Code’ (Article 45, PD 603). The tendency of Filipino parents to punish sons more harshly than their daughters could be explained in relation to how boys and girls are regarded in society. Boys are expected to be tough and brave. By administering harsher discipline, parents may believe they are moulding their sons to be strong and to prepare them to be future pillars of society. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Mechanism of Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Formation of Hydrogen from Alcohols: A DFT Study
Authors: Johansson Adam Johannes , Zuidema Erik , Bolm Carsten
Published: October 2010

The mechanism of the ruthenium‐catalyzed dehydrogenation of methanol has been investigated by using three DFT‐based methods. Three pathways were considered in which the ruthenium catalyst was ligated by either two or three phosphine ligands. Dispersion interactions, which are not described by the popular B3LYP functional, were taken into account by using the dispersion‐corrected B3LYP‐D and M06 density functionals. These interactions were found to be important in the description of reaction steps that involved ligand/substrate/product association with or dissociation from the catalyst. In line with experimental results, the resting state of the catalyst was predicted to be a ruthenium trihydride complex. It is shown that the dehydrogenation reaction preferentially proceeds through pathways in which the catalyst is ligated by two phosphine ligands. The catalytic cycle of the dehydrogenation process involves an intermolecular proton transfer from the methanol substrate to the catalyst followed by the release of dihydrogen. Rate‐determining β‐hydride elimination from the resulting methoxide species then regenerates the resting state of the catalyst and completes the catalytic cycle. The overall free‐energy barriers of 29.6–31.4 kcal mol−1 predicted by the three density functionals are in good agreement with the experimentally observed reaction rate of 6 h−1 at 423 K.
Competitive and Selective Csp3Br versus Csp2Br Bond Activation in Palladium‐Catalysed Suzuki Cross‐Coupling: An Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Role of Phosphine Ligands
Authors: Mollar Cristian , Besora Maria , Maseras Feliu , Asensio Gregorio , Medio‐Simón Mercedes
Published: October 2010

Phosphine ligands have been demonstrated to have an effect on reactivity and selectivity in the competitive intramolecular palladium‐catalysed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of dibromo sulfoxide 1 a possessing two different hybridised electrophilic carbons. It was found that the bromine bond to the sp3‐hybridised carbon is selectively replaced in the presence of unhindered phosphines such as PPh3 or xantphos. The use of hindered phosphine ligands such as P(o‐tol)3 and P(1‐naphthyl)3 reversed the selectivity, conducting the cross‐coupling at the Csp2‐Br. Identical trends were observed in external competition experiments carried out with bromomethyl sulfoxide and different substituted bromoarenes. DFT and DFT/MM calculations showed that the selectivity observed is mainly due to the different facility of the ligands to dissociate. Bisphosphine catalysts favour coupling at the sp3 carbon, whereas monophosphine catalysts prefer the sp2 carbon.
Oxidative Spirocyclization of Phenolic Sulfonamides: Scope and Applications
Authors: Liang Huan , Ciufolini Marco A.
Published: October 2010

A full account of the oxidative dearomatization of para‐ and ortho‐phenolic sulfonamides is provided together with an overview of the chemistry of the products and their elaboration to building blocks for spirocyclic alkaloids. A concise total synthesis of putative lepadiformine complements the discussion.
Titanosilicate Beads with Hierarchical Porosity: Synthesis and Application as Epoxidation Catalysts
Authors: Lin Kaifeng , Lebedev Oleg I. , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf , Jacobs Pierre A. , Pescarmona Paolo P.
Published: October 2010

Porous titanosilicate beads with a diameter of 0.5–1.5 mm (TiSil‐HPB‐60) were synthesized from a preformed titanosilicate solution with a porous anion‐exchange resin as template. The bead format of this material enables its straightforward separation from the reaction mixture in its application as a liquid‐phase heterogeneous catalyst. The material displays hierarchical porosity (micro/mesopores) and incipient TS‐1 structure building units. The titanium species are predominantly located in tetrahedral framework positions. TiSil‐HPB‐60 is a highly active catalyst for the epoxidation of cyclohexene with t‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) and aqueous H2O2. With both oxidants, TiSil‐HPB‐60 gave higher epoxide yields than Ti‐MCM‐41 and TS‐1. The improved catalytic performance of TiSil‐HPB‐60 is mainly ascribed to the large mesopores favoring the diffusion of reagents and products to and from the titanium active sites. The epoxide yield and selectivity could be further improved by silylation of the titanosilicate beads. Importantly, TiSil‐HPB‐60 is a stable catalyst immune to titanium leaching, and can be easily recovered and reused in successive catalytic cycles without significant loss of activity. Moreover, TiSil‐HPB‐60 is active and selective in the epoxidation of a wide range of bulky alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Ternary Silicides Sc3TSi3 (T: Ru, Rh, Ir, Pt) — Structure, Chemical Bonding, and Solid State NMR.
Authors: Harmening Thomas , Mohr Daniel , Eckert Hellmut , Al Alam Adel , Matar Samir F. , Poettgen Rainer
Published: October 2010

The new title compounds are prepared by arc‐melting of the elements and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, 45Sc MAS NMR spectroscopy, and DFT electronic structure calculations for the Ru compound.
ChemInform Abstract: Compositional Control of the Superconducting Properties of LiFeAs.
Authors: Blundell Stephen J. , et al. et al.
Published: October 2010

X‐ray and neutron diffraction, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and muon‐spin rotation spectroscopy reveal extreme sensitivity of the superconductivity of LiFeAs to composition.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure High‐Temperature Synthesis, Magnetic Properties and X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Phases RE3Sn7 and hp‐RESn3‐x (RE: Tb, Ho, Er).
Authors: Meier Katrin , Vasylechko Leonid , Cardoso‐Gil Raul , Burkhardt Ulrich , Schnelle Walter , Schmidt Marcus , Grin Yuri , Schwarz Ulrich
Published: October 2010

The high‐temperature, high‐pressure syntheses of hp‐LnSn3‐x (Ln: Tb, Ho, Er) are reinvestigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermetallic and Metal‐Rich Phases in the System Li—Ba—In—N.
Authors: Smetana Volodymyr , Vajenine Grigori V. , Kienle Lorenz , Duppel Viola , Simon Arndt
Published: October 2010

Two new subnitrides in the title system and three Li—In—Ba intermetallic phases are characterized by single crystal XRD and TEM.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Li2PtH6 Using High Pressure: Completion of the Homologous Series A2PtH6 (A: Alkali Metal).
Authors: Puhakainen Kati , Stoyanov Emil , Evans Michael J. , Leinenweber Kurt , Haeussermann Ulrich
Published: October 2010

The title compound is synthesized from mixtures of LiH and Pt in the presence of BH3NH3 (multi‐anvil device, <8 GPa, 450—500 °C, 60 min) and characterized by powder XRD and IR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Desymmetrization of meso‐N‐(Heteroarenesulfonyl)aziridines with TMSN3 Catalyzed by Chiral Lewis Acids.
Authors: Nakamura Shuichi , Hayashi Masashi , Kamada Yasutoshi , Sasaki Ryosuke , Hiramatsu Yuichi , Shibata Norio , Toru Takeshi
Published: October 2010

Optimized reaction conditions are developed to give functionalized azides with moderate to high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Catalytic Strecker Reaction of N‐Phosphonyl Imines with Et2AlCN Using Amino Alcohols and BINOLs as Catalysts.
Authors: Kaur Parminder , Pindi Suresh , Wever Walter , Rajale Trideep , Li Guigen
Published: October 2010

Both free amino alcohols and BINOL derivatives are shown to be excellent catalysts for achieving good yields and enantioselectivities in the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrole‐2‐carbohydrazides as Ligands for Cu‐Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Halides with Amines in Pure Water.
Authors: Xie Jianwei , Zhu Xinhai , Huang Manna , Meng Fei , Chen Weiwei , Wan Yiqian
Published: October 2010

Aryl bromides and iodides are aminated by primary and secondary amines either under microwave irradiation or conventional heating in the same short reaction time.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Some Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Ethoxyphthalimide Moiety via Key Intermediate 6‐Chloro 1,3‐Benzothiazole 2‐Amine.
Authors: Sain Devendra Kr , Thadhaney Bhawana , Joshi Ajit , Hussain Nasir , Talesara Ganpat L.
Published: October 2010

All compounds (V) and (VIII) exhibit good to moderate activity against a pannel of bacteria and fungi.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Iodine in Ionic Liquid: A Green Catalytic System for Esterification and Transesterification.
Authors: Ren Yiming , Cai Chun
Published: October 2010

The mixture polyethylene glycol ionic liquid (IL 1000) / toluene acts as biphasic system at room temperature and as homogenous system under reflux conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Microwave‐Assisted Organocatalytic Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Optically Enriched Michael Adducts.
Authors: Procopio Antonio , De Nino Antonio , Nardi Monica , Oliverio Manuela , Paonessa Rossella , Pasceri Raffaele
Published: October 2010

Good enantioselectivities are achieved only in case of adducts (IIIa,b).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Bicyclo[3.2.1]octan‐8‐ones Using a Tandem Michael—Henry Reaction.
Authors: Ding Derong , Zhao Cong‐Gui , Guo Qunsheng , Arman Hadi
Published: October 2010

The reaction between cyclohexane‐1,2‐diones and nitroalkenes is catalyzed by the epiquinine‐derived thiourea catalyst and proceeds with high enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Pauson—Khand Reaction of Allenic Hydrocarbons: Synthesis of 4‐Alkylidenecyclopentenones.
Authors: Antras Frederic , Laurent Stephane , Ahmar Mohammed , Chermette Henry , Cazes Bernard
Published: October 2010

A comprehensive study of the reaction of in situ generated dicobalthexacarbonyl complexes of disubstituted alkynes, terminal alkynes, or acetylene with a variety of mono‐ and disubstituted allenes is presented yielding mainly the title cyclopentenones.
ChemInform Abstract: MgCl2‐Accelerated Addition of Functionalized Organozinc Reagents to Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carbon Dioxide.
Authors: Metzger Albrecht , Bernhardt Sebastian , Manolikakes Georg , Knochel Paul
Published: October 2010

The reactivity of functionalized arylzinc and benzylzinc reagents is significantly improved in the presence of MgCl2.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly (E)‐Selective BF3·Et2O‐Promoted Allylboration of Chiral Nonracemic α‐Substituted Allylboronates and Analysis of the Origin of Stereocontrol.
Authors: Chen Ming , Roush William R.
Published: October 2010

(E)‐δ‐Methyl‐substituted homoallylic alcohols (III) are prepared in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities from α‐methyl‐allylboronate, derived from pinanediol.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Promoted Selective β‐Fragmentation of Homoallylamines.
Authors: Li Weixun , Gan Jianhong , Fan Renhua
Published: October 2010

Homoallylic sulfonamides bearing an N‐tosyl group are effective substrates to give N‐sulfonylimines with concomitant tolerance of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Unsymmetrical Aryl Couplings in Sequence Leading to o‐Teraryls: Dramatic Olefin Effect on Selectivity.
Authors: Motti Elena , Della Ca' Nicola , Deledda Sara , Fava Emanuela , Panciroli Francesca , Catellani Marta
Published: October 2010

The palladium/norbornene‐catalyzed sequential one‐pot‐reaction of aryl iodides, aryl bromides and aryl boronic acids affords o‐teraryls in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Sesamol with Nitro Olefins.
Authors: Zhang Hui , Liao Yu‐Hua , Yuan Wei‐Chen , Zhang Xiao‐Mei
Published: October 2010

The bifunctional chiral thiourea—tertiary amine THU derived from cinchonine catalyzes the alkylation of sesamol and 2‐substituted derivatives with aromatic nitro olefins with up to 90% enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Free Palladium Catalytic System Supported by CNT and Its Application to the Mizoroki—Heck Reactions.
Authors: Jo Youngshin , Kim Ja Young , Oh Il‐Kwon , Choi Hyun Chul , Lee Sunwoo
Published: October 2010

Aryl‐substituted alkenes (III) are synthesized by Mizoroki—Heck coupling using carbon nanotubes supported Pd(dba)2 as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhenium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Indenones by Novel Dehydrative Trimerization of Aryl Aldehydes via C—H Bond Activation.
Authors: Kuninobu Yoichiro , Matsuki Takashi , Takai Kazuhiko
Published: October 2010

Aryl aldehydes are easily converted to the indenone derivatives in high yields, tolerating many functional groups [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: High Stereoselectivity in the Diels—Alder Reaction of Substituted Anthracenes: Reactions of 1‐Succinimidoanthracene and 1‐Phthalimidoanthracene with Maleic Anhydride.
Authors: Singh M. Dhaneshwar , Ningombam Anjana
Published: October 2010

The title reaction is influenced by steric factors yielding predominantly the anti adducts (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Properties in vitro and in vivo of Antitubercular Pyrroles.
Authors: Hearn Michael J. , Chen Michaeline F. , Terrot Marianne S. , Webster Eleanor R. , Cynamon Michael H.
Published: October 2010

The title compounds (III) are conveniently prepared by Paal—Knorr reaction of hydrazides (II) with hexane‐2,5‐dione without an acid catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile, Protic Ionic Liquid Route to N‐Substituted 5‐Hydroxy‐4‐methyl‐3‐oxoisoindoline‐1‐carboxamides (II) and N‐Substituted 3‐Oxoisoindoline‐4‐carboxylic Acids (VII).
Authors: Gordon Christopher P. , Byrne Nolene , McCluskey Adam
Published: October 2010

A highly efficient, atom‐economic, and mild protocol for the synthesis of highly substituted members of the title series and is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Reaction‐Ready 6,6′‐Biindole and 6,6′‐Biisatin via Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular C—H Functionalization.
Authors: Gamble Allan B. , Keller Paul A.
Published: October 2010

The synthesis of two novel symmetrical 6,6′‐biheterocycles (VI) and (IX) from a common bisaniline intermediate (III) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Oxidative Heck—Cassar—Sonogashira Type Alkynylation of Indoles with Alkynes under Oxygen.
Authors: Yang Luo , Zhao Liang , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: October 2010

Unlike previous methods, the title reaction does not need the pregeneration of indolyl or alkynyl halide.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of 1,3‐Azomethine Ylides Derived from α‐Dicarbonyl Compounds and L‐Proline to the Synthesis of Pyrrolizidines.
Authors: Felluga Fulvia , Forzato Cristina , Nitti Patrizia , Pitacco Giuliana , Valentin Ennio , Zangrando Ennio
Published: October 2010

The one‐pot three‐component reaction between diacetyl compounds (I), β‐nitrostyrene (II), and L‐proline (III) in isopropanol at room temperature affords the regioisomeric cycloadducts (IV) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective Diamination of Functionalized Alkenes.
Authors: Wu Hui , Ji Xiaoyun , Sun Hao , An Guanghui , Han Jianlin , Li Guigen , Pan Yi
Published: October 2010

The reaction can be equally catalyzed by triphenylphosphine, diphenyl sulfane, tri‐ and dibutylamine or 2‐aminoethanol.
ChemInform Abstract: Zeo‐Click Synthesis: CuI‐Zeolite‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Two‐Step Synthesis of Triazoles from Halides and Related Compounds.
Authors: Beneteau Valerie , Olmos Andrea , Boningari Thirupathi , Sommer Jean , Pale Patrick
Published: October 2010

The reaction works best with organic bromides: 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of the resulting alkyl‐ and aryl azides with terminal alkynes affords disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles regioselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Amino Ketones Possessing β‐[(2H‐Pyran‐2‐one)‐3‐yl]‐β‐chlorovinyl Moiety via Three‐Component Direct Mannich Reaction, Catalyzed with ZrOCl2·8H2O.
Authors: Shahrisa Aziz , Zirak Maryam
Published: October 2010

The new β‐chloroacrolein with a pyranone moiety (III) is subjected to a three‐component Mannich‐type reaction with anilines (IV), cyclic ketones (V), and acyclic ketones in the presence of a zirconium catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: LOPHTOR: A Convenient Flow‐Based Photochemical Reactor.
Authors: Vasudevan Anil , Villamil Clara , Trumbull Jonathan , Olson Jeff , Sutherland David , Pan Jeff , Djuric Stevan
Published: October 2010

A microreactor allows continuous flow photoreactions under carefully controlled conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 2,6‐Diaryl‐4‐secondary Aminonicotinonitriles and Highly Substituted Unsymmetrical 2,2′‐Bipyridines.
Authors: Bhosale Sidhanath V. , Patil Umesh D. , Kalyankar Mohan B. , Nalage Santosh V. , Patil Vijay S. , Desale Kamlesh R.
Published: October 2010

The ring transformation of 2H‐pyran‐2‐ones by N‐aryl amidines is strongly influenced by the amidine substituents and leads to title compounds of type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: The Baylis—Hillman Adducts as Valuable Source for One‐Pot Multi‐Step Synthesis: A Facile Synthesis of Substituted Piperidin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Basavaiah Deevi , Reddy Raju Jannapu , Lenin Dandamudi V.
Published: October 2010

The method involves a Johnson—Claisen rearrangement and reduction of an α,β‐unsaturated nitrile moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Phenanthridines Using Hendrickson Reagent Initiated Cascade Reaction under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Xi Jie , Dong Qing‐Li , Liu Guan‐Sai , Wang Shaozhong , Chen Lin , Yao Zhu‐Jun
Published: October 2010

Treatment of 2‐aminobiphenyl amides with Hendrickson reagent results in formation of a highly reactive imido‐carbonium intermediate.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolin‐5(6H)‐ones and Benzimidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolin‐6(5H)‐ones with the Aid of Low‐Valent Titanium Reagent.
Authors: Zhao Xuan , Shi Da‐Qing
Published: October 2010

A short and facile synthesis of the title compounds (III) and (V) via a novel reductive cyclization of corresponding 2‐(o‐nitrophenyl)imidazoles promoted by a low‐valent titanium reagent is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Approach to the Synthesis of Novel 12H‐Chromeno[2′,3′:4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Proenca M. Fernanda , Costa Marta
Published: October 2010

Unprecedented cascade condensation/cyclization reaction of salicyl aldehydes and substituted 1‐(cyanomethyl) pyridinium chlorides affords the desired tetracyclic products.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Enhancend Rhodium‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions to Afford Highly Functionalized Pyridines and Bipyridines.
Authors: Garcia Lidia , Pla‐Quintana Anna , Roglans Anna , Parella Teodor
Published: October 2010

A series of cyanodiynes is subjected to a Rh(I)‐catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction to afford efficiently tricyclic‐fused pyridines and bipyridines.
ChemInform Abstract: Eco‐Friendly, Solvent‐Free Novel One‐Pot, Three‐Component Synthesis of Quinazolinones at Ambient Temperature Catalyzed by Silica Gel Supported Phosphomolybdic Acid.
Authors: Sabitha Gowravaram , Reddy N. Mallikarjuna , Prasad M. Nagendra , Raja G. S. K. , Yadav J. S.
Published: October 2010

The title catalyst can be recovered and reused.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Access to N9‐Mono‐, N2‐Mono‐ and N2,N9‐Disubstituted Guanines via Efficient Mitsunobu Reactions.
Authors: Fletcher Steven , Shahani Vijay M. , Lough Alan J. , Gunning Patrick T.
Published: October 2010

Protection/activation strategy is applied to the preparation of the target compounds with high regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Daphnane‐Type Diterpenoids from the Flower Buds of Daphne genkwa.
Authors: Li Ling‐Zhi , Gao Pin‐Yi , Peng Ying , Wang Li‐Hui , Yang Jing‐Yu , Wu Chun‐Fu , Zhang Yan , Song Shao‐Jiang
Published: October 2010

Three novel compounds, genkwanines M (I), N (II) and optically active genkwanine O (III) are isolated.
ChemInform Abstract: Cytotoxic C35 Terpenoid Cryptotrione from the Bark of Cryptomeria japonica.
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Chi , Wu Jyh‐Horng , Yang Ning‐Sun , Chang Jang‐Yang , Kuo Ching‐Chuan , Wang Sheng‐Yang , Kuo Yueh‐Hsiung
Published: October 2010

(I) Exhibits anticancer activity with an IC50 value 6.44.+‐.2.23 μM.
ChemInform Abstract: Abietane Diterpenoids and a Lignan from Pinus yunnanensis.
Authors: Feng Tao , Cai Xiang‐Hai , Tan Qin‐Gang , Luo Xiao‐Dong
Published: October 2010

Two new abietane diterpene acids, pinyunins A (I) and B (II), and the lignan (III) are isolated along with eight known diterpenoids.
ChemInform Abstract: Excavatoids L—N, New 12‐Hydroxybriaranes from the Cultured Octocoral Briareum excavatum (Briareidae)
Authors: Sung Ping‐Jyun , et al. et al.
Published: October 2010

structure determination and bioactivity
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Racemic Synthesis of Two Isomeric Tetrahydropyridyl Alkaloids: Isoanatabine and Anatabine.
Authors: Rouchaud Anne , Kem William R.
Published: October 2010

The procedure for the synthesis of isoanatabine (VI) is extended to the synthesis of anatabine (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: Benzothiophene Containing Rho Kinase Inhibitors: Efficacy in an Animal Model of Glaucoma.
Authors: Davis Robert L. , et al. et al.
Published: October 2010

The benzothiophene derivative (I) substantially reduces intraocular pressure in a monkey model of glaucoma‐associated ocular hypertension.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanistic Information on Some Inorganic and Bioinorganic Reactions from Volume Profile Analysis
Authors: Hubbard Colin D. , van Eldik Rudi
Published: October 2010

Review: 166 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Characterization of Some Solid‐State Actinide (Th, U, Np) Compounds
Authors: Bugaris Daniel E. , Ibers James A.
Published: October 2010

Review: 86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: (Imido)vanadium(V)‐Alkyl, ‐Alkylidene Complexes Exhibiting Unique Reactivity Towards Olefins and Alcohols
Authors: Nomura Kotohiro , Zhang Wenjuan
Published: October 2010

Review: ca. 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: News from Silicon: An Isomer of Hexasilabenzene and a Metal—Silicon Triple Bond
Authors: Gerdes Claudia , Mueller Thomas
Published: October 2010

Review: 27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Combinatorial and Synthetic Biosynthesis in Actinomycetes
Authors: Luzhetska Marta , Haerle Johannes , Bechthold Andreas
Published: October 2010

Review: 138 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heteroaryl Radicals Review
Authors: Mirizzi Danilo , Hilton Stephen T. , Jones Keith
Published: October 2010

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Conducting Supramolecular Nanofibers and Nanorods
Authors: Hasegawa Masashi , Iyoda Masahiko
Published: October 2010

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Benzyne Story
Authors: Wentrup Curt
Published: October 2010

Review: about 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thinner, Smaller, Faster: IR Techniques to Probe the Functionality of Biological and Biomimetic Systems
Authors: Ataka Kenichi , Kottke Tilman , Heberle Joachim
Published: October 2010

Review: 97 refs.
Recovery of Phosphate Sludge as Concrete Supplementary Material
Authors: Doğan Özgür , Karpuzcu Mehmet
Published: October 2010

The automotive industry plays a major role in the worldwide economy and represents an opportunity to increase the performance of the Turkish economy. Phosphating units in the automotive manufacturing plants generate phosphate sludge as waste, which is classified as hazardous waste in the European Waste Catalogue. Phosphate sludge must be disposed of in licensed disposal plants according to the current environmental regulations. Solidification/stabilization (S/S) is a widely used treatment technology for the disposal of hazardous wastes. Portland cement is used for the solidification and stabilization processes to immobilize Ni and Zn in the phosphate sludge as well as to create construction material to be used as cobble stone for pavement. Examination of products obtained by S/S processes is performed for two points: to determine the quality and to assess the environmental impacts. The phosphate sludge samples are subjected to chemical characterization and a size distribution analysis leaching test. Concrete for cobble stone was produced by the S/S process with the addition of phosphate sludge to replace sand. Tests for the quality of the product were carried out to determine compressive strength, permeability, and elasticity. At the end of the leaching test, elution concentrations of Zn and Ni while using water with pH values of 4.0, 5.4, and 9.0 were determined to be under the limit of inert material properties. Use of phosphate sludge should be considered as a sand replacement in the proportion of 1% of phosphate sludge to cement in concrete production, such as for cobble stone for pavement, without any adverse environmental impacts.
Ordinal scale based description of colour rendering
Authors: Bodrogi Peter , Brückner Stefan , Khanh Tran Quoc
Published: October 2010

Perceived colour differences of 17 test colour samples (uniform standalone patches) were evaluated visually between a test and a reference light source on three visual scales. Two graphical rating scales (a greyscale‐anchored colour difference scale and a similarity judgement scale) and a five‐step ordinal rating scale (excellent, good, acceptable, not acceptable or very bad colour rendering) were used. The experimental setup included tungsten halogen, gas discharge, fluorescent, and white LED light sources at two correlated colour temperatures, 2700 and 4500 K. There was an inverse relationship between similarity judgement and visual colour difference results. Each category of the five‐step ordinal rating scale had a characteristic mean visual colour difference value. Visual colour differences correlated best with the recently developed CIECAM02‐UCS colour difference metric. Latter metric was used to predict the observers' ratings of visual colour differences on the above five‐step ordinal rating scale. From the predicted ratings of 17 test‐colour samples under the test light source, a new ordinal rating scale based colour rendering index (RCRI) was defined and compared with previous colour rendering indices. RCRI correlated well with both the mean visual colour differences and the mean similarity judgements. Despite the significant interobserver differences of the visual assessment of colour differences, the RCRI method showed an overall performance of 73% in terms of good predictions of the rating categories. Validation experiments with complex still life (tabletop) stimuli are currently underway. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010
An adaptive receiver of joint data and channel estimation for meteor burst communications
Authors: Cai Jueping , Li Zan , Chen Xiaojun , Hao Benjian
Published: October 2010

In view of the characteristics of the meteor burst channel, the variable rate data transmission should be adopted to improve the system average throughput, which results in channel tracing and equalization problems at the receiver. Although the joint data and channel estimation of maximum likelihood sequence detection performing the principle of per‐survivor processing (PSP) is considered as an optimal detection scheme, its great computational complexity is a major problem and can hardly agree with the decreasing of the meteor channel. Based on the estimation of the system parameters, an adaptive state reduction of the PSP (ASRP) algorithm with only a few states in the trellis diagram is employed, while these states are chosen by the time‐varying threshold according to the exponential decay of meteor channels. It is shown that, ASRP can make a good tradeoff between the performance and the computational complexity, and provides reliable data transmission for adaptive modulation and coding of the meteor burst communication system. Computer simulation results and performance analysis are also included to support our developments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cryptanalysis of Hsiang‐Shih's authentication scheme for multi‐server architecture
Authors: Yeh Kuo‐Hui , Lo N. W. , Li Yingjiu
Published: October 2010

From user point of view, password‐based remote user authentication technique is one of the most convenient and easy‐to‐use mechanisms to provide necessary security on system access. As the number of computer crimes in modern cyberspace has increased dramatically, the robustness of password‐based authentication schemes has been investigated by industries and organizations in recent years. In this paper, a well‐designed password‐based authentication protocol for multi‐server communication environment, introduced by Hsiang and Shih, is evaluated. Our security analysis indicates that their scheme is insecure against session key disclosure, server spoofing attack, and replay attack and behavior denial. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3‐butyl‐6‐fluoro‐1 (3H)‐isobenzofuranone, a derivative of dl‐n‐butylphthalide, attenuates hydrogen peroxide‐induced damage in PC12 cells
Authors: Xu Ling , Ji Meng‐Xue , Zhao Na , Ji Bian‐Sheng
Published: October 2010

The anti‐cerebral ischemia agent, dl‐3‐n‐butylphthalide (NBP), is effective in models of vascular dementia in animals. The present study investigates the protective effect of 3‐butyl‐6‐fluoro‐1 (3H)‐isobenzofuranone (6‐F‐NBP), a fluoro derivative of dl‐nbutylphthalide, in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced damage in PC12 cells. Exposure of PC12 cells to H2O2 for 24 h led to decreased cell survival, glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). In contrast, malondialdehyde (MDA) production, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, nitric oxide (NO) formation, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased, as was intracellular accumulation of [Ca2+]i. However, pretreatment with 6‐F‐NBP markedly reversed the changes induced by H2O2, exhibiting a protective effect against H2O2‐induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. The compound may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of cerebral ischemia by inhibiting the oxidative damage. Drug Dev Res 72: 259–264, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Commentary on ‘Asthma and the Environment: Can Asthma Be Prevented?’
Authors: Becker Allan B. , Kozyrskyj Anita L.
Published: October 2010

This is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Maas T, Kaper J, Sheikh A, Knottnerus JA, Wesseling G, Dompeling E, Muris JWM, van Schayck CP. Mono and multifaceted inhalant and/or food allergen reduction interventions for preventing asthma in children at high risk of developing asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD006480. DOI: 10.1002/14 651 858.CD006480.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentaries on ‘Nebulized hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants’
Authors: Cunningham Steve , Kuzik Brian A.
Published: October 2010

These are commentaries on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Zhang L, Mendoza‐Sassi RA, Wainwright C, Klassen TP. Nebulized hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD006458. DOI: 10.1002/14 651 858.CD006458.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Cochrane review: Nebulized hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants
Authors: Zhang Linjie , Mendoza‐Sassi Raúl A , Wainwright Claire , Klassen Terry P
Published: October 2010

Background

Airway edema and mucus plugging are the predominant pathological features in infants with acute viral bronchiolitis. Nebulized hypertonic saline solution may reduce these pathological changes and decrease airway obstruction.

Objectives

To assess the effects of nebulized hypertonic saline solution in infants with acute viral bronchiolitis.

Search strategy

We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library2007, issue 4), which contains the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group Specialized Register; OLDMEDLINE (1951 to 1965); MEDLINE (1966 to November 2007); EMBASE (1974 to November 2007); and LILACS (November 2007).

Selection criteria

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs using nebulized hypertonic saline alone or in conjunction with bronchodilators as an active intervention in infants up to 24 months of age with acute bronchiolitis.

Data collection and analysis

Two review authors (ZL, MRA) independently performed data extraction and study quality assessment. We pooled the data from individual trials using the Cochrane statistical package Review Manager (RevMan).

Main results

We included four trials involving 254 infants with acute viral bronchiolitis (189 inpatients and 65 outpatients) in this review. Patients treated with nebulized 3% saline had a significantly shorter mean length of hospital stay compared to those treated with nebulized 0.9% saline (mean difference (MD) ‐0.94 days, 95% CI ‐1.48 to ‐0.40, P = 0.0006). The 3% saline group also had a significantly lower post‐inhalation clinical score than the 0.9% saline group in the first three days of treatment (day 1: MD ‐0.75, 95% CI ‐1.38 to ‐0.12, P = 0.02; day 2: MD ‐1.18, 95% CI ‐1.97 to ‐0.39, P = 0.003; day 3: MD ‐1.28, 95% CI ‐2.57 to 0.00, P = 0.05). The effect of nebulized hypertonic saline in improving clinical score was greater among outpatients than inpatients. No adverse events related to 3% saline inhalation were reported.

Authors' conclusions

Current evidence suggests nebulized 3% saline may significantly reduce the length of hospital stay and improve the clinical severity score in infants with acute viral bronchiolitis.

Plain Language Summary

Nebulized hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants

Acute viral bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infants, but the standard treatment remains supportive care. This review was conducted to assess the effects of nebulized hypertonic saline, which can increase clearance of mucus, in these patients. Four randomized trials involving 254 infants were included. Analysis of the pooled data suggests that nebulized 3% saline may significantly reduce the length of hospital stay and improve the clinical severity score in infants with acute viral bronchiolitis.There were no adverse effects noted with nebulized hypertonic saline when administered along with bronchodilators.
Facile Synthesis of 1‐(Isoquinolin‐1‐yl)ureas by Silver Triflate Catalyzed Tandem Reactions of 2‐Alkynylbenzaldoximes with Carbodiimides
Authors: Ye Shengqing , Wang Huanhuan , Wu Jie
Published: October 2010

2‐Alkynylbenzaldoximes react with carbodiimides under mild conditions and silver triflate catalysis in DMF, leading to a diverse range of 1‐(isoquinolin‐1‐yl)ureas in good to excellent yields. This transformation involves tandem 6‐endo cyclization, [3+2] cycloaddition, and subsequent rearrangement.