bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Self-Heating During Ultrasonic Fatigue Testing and Effect on Very High Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Titanium 6Al-4V
Authors: Celli Dino A. , Warner Justin , Scott-Emuakpor Onome , George Tommy
Published: November 2022

Very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) data and experiments, 107−109 cycles to failure, has traditionally been both a cumbersome and costly task to perform. However, characterizing VHCF behavior of material systems are critical for the design and sustainability of turbine engines as outlined in the turbine engine structural integrity program (ENSIP). With recent advancements, ultrasonic fatigue test systems have become increasingly available to generate VHCF fatigue data. A primary consideration for ultrasonic fatigue testing is the frequency of loading, the resulting thermal evolution, and its effect on fatigue life. To mitigate the heat generation within the specimen during experiments, cooling air is directed to the specimen and cyclic loading is performed by selecting an appropriate test frequency or defining a duty cycle rather than continuously subjected to fatigue. However, standardization of experimental test procedures remains ongoing and continues to be developed. In this study a Shimadzu USF-1000A ultrasonic fatigue test system is used to characterized VHCF behavior of Ti 6Al-4V to understand the effect of duty cycle and thermal evolution on fatigue life for ultrasonic fatigue testing. Titanium 6Al-4V test specimens are subjected to fully reversed axial fatigue at 20kHz exciting resonance in an axial mode to better characterize the experimental process. Three duty cycle configurations are investigated and its effect on fatigue life due to self-generated heat during the experiment. Heat generation is monitored in-situ via a single-point optical pyrometer and in-situ mechanical and thermal data is collected and compared to standardized servo-hydraulic fatigue test data performed in this study as well as from data found in the literature.
Experimental Investigation of Three-Dimensional Shroud Contact Forces in Forced-Vibration Testing of a Shrouded Blade
Authors: Ahmed Rizwan , Firrone Christian Maria , Zucca Stefano
Published: November 2022

Low Pressure Turbine (LPT) blades encounter highly stressed forced vibrations driven by centrifugal force and steady/unsteady aerodynamic loads. To prevent the blades from failure due to high cycle fatigue (HCF), the amplitude of these vibrations must be estimated and reduced. Friction damping devices like under-platform dampers, shrouds and snubbers are usually implemented to lessen these blade vibration amplitudes. For adjacent shrouded blades coupled to each other at the blade tips, the blade vibration levels are strongly affected by the three-dimensional periodic contact forces at shrouds resulting in energy dissipation due to friction. Therefore, to experimentally validate the numerical contact models that predict nonlinear forced response of shrouded blades, it is equally important to measure the contact forces acting at the shrouds.

This study outlines the development and commissioning of an experimental test rig that allows the measurement of three-dimensional shroud contact forces and the forced response of the shrouded blade simultaneously. Firstly, the design requirements of the experimental setup that were considered while deciding the test rig components, are highlighted. The test rig comprises of a pair of tri-directional contact force transducers in contact with the two shroud ends of a dummy blade and includes a blade twisting mechanism for the application of the normal preload. The employed tri-directional contact force transducers consist of three uniaxial strain gauge-based force sensors, arranged in a tripod configuration, and attached to a reference block that accommodates the shroud. The calibration and the decoupling procedure of the tri-directional contact force measurement system is then briefly described. This is followed by the details of the experimental process to acquire the forced response and three-dimensional shroud contact forces simultaneously for a specified frequency range determined by a prior experimental modal analysis of the blade and test rig. Subsequently, the effects of the variation in shroud normal preload and excitation force on measured response and shroud contact forces are also discussed. Finally, the results demonstrate how the proposed experimental test rig provides a thorough understanding of the dynamic response of the shrouded blade and shroud contact forces which will lead to a more reliable experimental validation of simulation tools and its effect on system dynamics.
Bandgap engineering of indium gallium nitride layers grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Emanuel Thomet Jonathan , Kamlesh Singh Aman , Nelly Rouèche Mélanie , Toggwyler Nils , Haug Franz-Josef , Christmann Gabriel , Nicolay Sylvain , Ballif Christophe , Wyrsch Nicolas , Hessler-Wyser Aïcha , Boccard Mathieu
Published: November 2022

This paper reports on the fabrication of InxGa1−xN (InGaN) layers with various compositions ranging from InN to GaN using a cost-effective low-temperature plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method and analyzes the influence of deposition parameters on the resulting films. Single-phase nanocrystalline InGaN films with crystallite size up to 30 nm are produced with deposition temperatures in the range of 180–250 °C using the precursors trimethylgallium, trimethylindium, hydrogen, nitrogen, and ammonia in a parallel-plate type RF-PECVD reactor. It is found that growth rate is a primary determinant of crystallinity, with rates below 6 nm/min producing the most crystalline films across a range of several compositions. Increasing In content leads to a decrease in the optical bandgap, following Vegard’s law, with bowing being more pronounced at higher growth rates. Significant free-carrier absorption is observed in In-rich films, suggesting that the highly measured optical bandgap (about 1.7 eV) is due to the Burstein–Moss shift.
Hot spots of unseen fishing vessels
Authors: Welch Heather , Clavelle Tyler , White Timothy D. , Cimino Megan A. , Van Osdel Jennifer , Hochberg Timothy , Kroodsma David , Hazen Elliott L.
Published: November 2022

Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing incurs an annual cost of up to US$25 billion in economic losses, results in substantial losses of aquatic life, and has been linked to human rights violations. Vessel tracking data from the automatic identification system (AIS) are powerful tools for combating IUU, yet AIS transponders can be disabled, reducing its efficacy as a surveillance tool. We present a global dataset of AIS disabling in commercial fisheries, which obscures up to 6% (>4.9 M hours) of vessel activity. Disabling hot spots were located near the exclusive economic zones (EEZs) of Argentina and West African nations and in the Northwest Pacific, all regions of IUU concern. Disabling was highest near transshipment hot spots and near EEZ boundaries, particularly contested ones. We also found links between disabling and location hiding from competitors and pirates. These inferences on where and why activities are obscured provide valuable information to improve fisheries management.
5′ Untranslated mRNA Regions Allow Bypass of Host Cell Translation Inhibition by Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Lipo Erion , Asrat Seblewongel , Huo Wenwen , Sol Asaf , Fraser Christopher S. , Isberg Ralph R.
Published: November 2022

Legionella pneumophila
grows within membrane-bound vacuoles in alveolar macrophages during human disease. Pathogen manipulation of the host cell is driven by bacterial proteins translocated through a type IV secretion system (T4SS).
Clinical Performance of Three Commercial Molecular Diagnostic Assays for the Detection of Fluoroquinolone Resistance-Associated Mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium
Authors: Gardette Marie , Hénin Nadège , Le Roy Chloé , Guiraud Jennifer , Touati Arabella , Bébéar Cécile , Pereyre Sabine
Published: November 2022

The high prevalence of macrolide resistance in
Mycoplasma genitalium
results in an increased reliance on moxifloxacin, the second-line treatment; however, moxifloxacin resistance has also emerged. Because assays that can detect fluoroquinolone resistance-associated mutations will be useful for the management of macrolide-resistant
M. genitalium
infections, we evaluated the performance of three commercial assays (the Allplex MG & MoxiR Assay [Seegene], LightMix Modular parC kit [TIBMOLBIOL], and MGMO qPCR [NYtor) in comparison with
parC
gene Sanger sequencing used as the reference.
A Cristae-Like Microcompartment in
Desulfobacterota
Authors: McGlynn Shawn Erin , Perkins Guy , Sim Min Sub , Mackey Mason , Deerinck Thomas J. , Thor Andrea , Phan Sebastien , Ballard Daniel , Ellisman Mark H. , Orphan Victoria J.
Published: November 2022

Working with anaerobic consortia of methane oxidizing ANME archaea and their sulfate-reducing bacterial partners recovered from deep sea sediments and with the related sulfate-reducing bacterial isolate
D. carbinolicus
, we discovered that their intracytoplasmic membranes (ICMs) appear remarkably similar to lamellar cristae. Three-dimensional electron microscopy allowed for the novel analysis of the nanoscale attachment of ICMs to the cytoplasmic membrane, and these ICMs are structurally nearly identical to the crista junction architecture seen in metazoan mitochondria.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Arthrobacter
Phage GantcherGoblin Exhibits Both Conservation with Subcluster AU6 Phages and Genetic Novelty
Authors: Wheeler J. J. , Carlos Carina M. , Cedzidlo Helen A. , Liu Xingfeiyang , Modica Massimo S. , Rhodes Izaiah D. , Truskinovsky Leah F. , VanGosen Ethan M. , Gavin Hannah E.
Published: November 2022

GantcherGoblin is a lytic siphovirus that was isolated on
Arthrobacter globiformis
B-2979 from soil collected in Massachusetts. The 55,368-bp genome has a GC content of 50.1% and 91 predicted protein-coding genes. Based on gene content similarity to phages in the Actinobacteriophage Database, GantcherGoblin was assigned to phage subcluster AU6.
Complete Genome Sequence of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus DM065, Isolated from the Human Oral Cavity
Authors: Park Do-Young , Hwang Jiyoung , Kim Yunji , Kim Young-Youn , Kim Hye-Sung , Hwang Inseong
Published: November 2022

The 3.0-Mb complete genome of
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus
strain DM065, which was isolated from the oral cavity of healthy volunteers in South Korea, was sequenced using a combination of PacBio and Illumina technologies. The genome consists of one circular chromosome and two plasmids and lacks antimicrobial resistance genes.
A Pivotal Role for Mycobactin/
mbtE
in Growth and Adaptation of Mycobacterium abscessus
Authors: Foreman Mark , Kolodkin-Gal Ilana , Barkan Daniel
Published: November 2022

Mycobacterium abscessus
is an emerging human pathogen belonging to the nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) family, causing severe pulmonary disease in compromised individuals. How this bacterium acquires iron is poorly understood.
Protective Effect of Clostridium butyricum on Escherichia coli-Induced Endometritis in Mice via Ameliorating Endometrial Barrier and Inhibiting Inflammatory Response
Authors: Wang Kexin , Wang Ke , Wang Junrong , Yu Fan , Ye Cong
Published: November 2022

Endometritis is a common reproductive disease both in human and animals. It impairs female fertility by disrupting endometrial function. Antibiotics are widely used to treat endometritis in clinical practice, but the misuse of antibiotics often leads to antibiotic resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic agents to treat bacterial endometritis and overcome bacterial resistance. In this study, we found that
C. butyricum
could protect from
E. coli
-induced endometritis.
Critical Effect of H
2
O
2
in the Agar Plate on the Growth of Laboratory and Environmental Strains
Authors: Watanabe Motoyuki , Igarashi Kensuke , Kato Souichiro , Kamagata Yoichi , Kitagawa Wataru
Published: November 2022

It is well-known that most of environmental microorganisms do not form colonies on agar medium despite that agar medium is the commonly used solidified medium. We previously demonstrated the negative effects of H
2
O
2
generation during agar medium preparation on colony formation.
Late Messinian submarine channel systems in the Levant Basin: Challenging the desiccation scenario
Authors: Moneron Jimmy , Gvirtzman Zohar
Published: November 2022

The question of whether the Mediterranean Sea desiccated during the Messinian salinity crisis (MSC) has been strongly debated for decades. In the Levant Basin, this debate was recently reignited in relation to the latest stage of the crisis after cessation of salt deposition. The desiccation supporters argue that salt truncation—and its subsequent burial by a latest Messinian, clastic-rich evaporitic unit—occurred subaerially on a desiccated seafloor. However, we show that this latest Messinian unit contains a dense net of channels with meanders, levees, and overspill deposits and is very similar to the turbidite channels observed on the modern seafloor. The aggradation characteristics of these buried channels (levee height, channel depth, and channel-floodplain coupling) indicate a marine rather than fluvial origin. Our conclusion adds to the findings of a previous study that salt truncation occurred in deep waters by dissolution. In a wider perspective, we suggest that the flush of clastics into the basin during the last stage of the MSC indicates a combination of wet climate and sea-level rise that started before the Zanclean (earliest Pliocene).
Reconstructing a chronic, malunited Galeazzi fracture with distal radial ulnar joint instability: a simple, modified technique
Authors: Anderson Spencer R , Spitz Hunter Charles , Frommeyer Timothy Charles , Wimalawansa Sunishka M
Published: November 2022

A male in his 70s presented with a chronic malunited comminuted Galeazzi fracture dislocation, including angular malunion, radial shortening (1.3 cm ulnar-plus variance) and distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability secondary to chronic dislocation with mechanical rotation block. A modified, single-stage radius corrective osteotomy with bone grafting technique to overcorrect radius length was employed, restoring normal DRUJ motion and stability by engaging the secondary DRUJ stabilisers without triangular fibrocartilage complex repair. DRUJ stability was restored via radius lengthening, engaging the DRUJ’s secondary stabilisers, bypassing the need for complex ligamentous reconstruction. The patient returned to full activity. We recommend our simple yet effective approach to treat chronic, malunited Galeazzi fractures with DRUJ instability.
Intestinal pseudo-obstruction caused byGiardia lambliainfection
Authors: Pessarelli Tommaso , Basilisco Guido , Spina Luisa , Fraquelli Mirella
Published: November 2022

A woman in her 40s presented with malaise, nausea, reduced appetite, abdominal distention, loose stools and weight loss. Symptoms had started 6 months earlier and worsened in the last 2 weeks. CT enterography showed hypotonic dilated small bowel loops in absence of any mechanical obstruction. Endoscopic examinations including capsule endoscopy did not reveal any obstructing lesion, but a delayed small bowel transit time of the capsule. Duodenal histology revealed Marsh 3a villous atrophy. Secondary causes of intestinal pseudo-obstruction and villous atrophy were investigated.Giardia lambliatrophozoites were found in the stools and in the duodenal biopsies. The patient’s symptoms quickly resolved after metronidazole treatment with complete normalisation of duodenal histology.
Shifting paradigm from biomedical to decolonised methods in Inuit public health research in Canada: a scoping review
Authors: Belaid Loubna , Budgell Richard , Sauvé Caroline , Andersson Neil
Published: November 2022

Background

The National Inuit Strategy on Research focuses on advancing Inuit governance in research, increasing ownership over data and building capacity. Responding to this call for Inuit self-determination in research, academic researchers should consider cultural safety in research and ways to promote Inuit-led methods.

Methods

This scoping review collated academic literature on public health research in Inuit communities in Canada between 2010 and 2022. A critical assessment of methods used in public health research in Inuit communities examined cultural safety and the use of Inuit-attuned methods. Descriptive and analytical data were summarised in tables and figures. Knowledge user engagement in the research process was analysed with thematic analysis.

Results

356 articles met the inclusion criteria. Much of the published research was in nutrition and mental health, and few initiatives reported translation into promotion programmes. Almost all published research was disease or deficit focused and based on a biomedical paradigm, especially in toxicology, maternal health and chronic diseases. Recent years saw an increased number of participatory studies using a decolonial lens and focusing on resilience. While some qualitative research referred to Inuit methodologies and engaged communities in the research process, most quantitative research was not culturally safe. Overall, community engagement remained in early stages of co-designing research protocols and interventions. Discussion on governance and data ownership was limited. Recent years saw emerging discussions on these issues. Knowledge user capacity-building was limited to brief training on conventional data collection methods.

Conclusions

The last decade of published public health research has not responded to the National Inuit Strategy on Research. Participatory research is gaining ground, but has not reached its full potential. A shift from biomedical to decolonised methods is slowly taking place, and public health researchers who have not yet embraced this paradigm shift should do so.
Prevalence of Alzheimer′s disease in rural and urban areas in Cuba and factors influencing on its occurrence: epidemiological cross-sectional protocol
Authors: López Ricardo Yudisleidy , Reyes Zamora Mary Carmen , Perodin Hernández Janet , Rodríguez Martínez Claudio
Published: November 2022

Introduction

According to the World Alzheimer’s Report 2019, around 50 million people suffer from dementia, worldwide. Observational analysis revealed the existence of particular factors associated with the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). There are no international homogeneous principles for the early detection and evaluation of memory impairment and possible AD. This work aimed at (1) determining the prevalence of possible AD in the elderly residing in urban and rural regions in Cuba and (2) identifying the main factors that could significantly influence on its occurrence.

Methods and analysis

The study includes four neuropsychological tests (Clock Drawing Test, Mini-Mental Status Examination, Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire, Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Alzheimer′s Disease Assessment Scale) and two scales (Clinical Dementia Rating and Global Deterioration Scale). Moreover, the protocol includes a survey with demographic and socioeconomic information, educational level, occupation, health, neuropsychological status of subjects, familial pathological history, comorbidities and lifestyles. The study will comprise a total of 1092 subjects aged ≥60, of both genders, and from every ethnic group settled in rural and urban areas. Primary outcomes: prevalence of possible AD. Secondary outcomes: correlation among risk and protective factors and AD, and comparison of the performance of neuropsychological tests and scales.

Ethics and dissemination

This research met the ethical codes of the Declaration of Helsinki. The Scientific Research Council of the Promoting Research Institute and the Ethics Committee of the Health Authorities approved the protocol. The proper written informed consent is also incorporated. The results of the survey will be published in scientific papers and shared with the Health Authorities of each municipality.
Mediating role of emotional labour strategy in the association between patient/visitor incivility and nurses’ fatigue: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bai Ru , Zhang Di , Zhang Qiuling , Sun Yu , Luo Nansheng , Li Mengyao , Wu Hui , Liu Li
Published: November 2022

Objective

Fatigue is a common problem among nurses, and patient/visitor incivility is thought to lead to nurses’ fatigue. However, the mechanism by which patient/visitor incivility leads to nurses’ fatigue has not been well studied. The aim of this study is to examine whether the association between patient/visitor incivility and fatigue among Chinese nurses is mediated by emotional labour strategy.

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Methods

In November 2019, a stratified cluster sample of 1207 nurses from two hospitals in China was used to collect data on fatigue, patient/visitor incivility and emotional labour strategy through online questionnaires. Emotional labour strategy has three dimensions: surface acting (SA), deep acting and natural acting. Complete responses were provided by 1036 (85.8%) participants. Student’s t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis and the PROCESS procedure (A modeling macro installed in SPSS to analyse mediation.) were adopted to analyse the data.

Results

Patient/visitor incivility and SA were positively related to fatigue (p<0.01), while natural acting was negatively related to fatigue (p<0.01). SA played as a mediator in the association between patient/visitor incivility and nurses’ fatigue (95% CI 0.047 to 0.113, p<0.05).

Conclusion

Patient/visitor incivility could contribute to Chinese nurses' fatigue. When nurses were exposed to patient/visitor incivility, they were more likely to use the SA emotional labour strategy, which would lead to fatigue. Nursing administrators should be aware of the seriousness of nurses’ fatigue.
Effectiveness of eHealth interventions targeted to improve medication adherence among older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shin Jinhee , Jang Jiyoon , Afaya Agani
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Medication adherence is a vital component of successful healthcare, yet poor adherence exists, especially in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Therefore, this study seeks to conduct a systematic review of eHealth-based interventions aimed at improving medication adherence among older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

Methods and analysis

An open electronic database search will be conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE and Cochrane library to identify potential studies till 2022. Two authors will independently screen the titles and abstracts, after which studies that will be eligible for full-text review will be independently assessed by two reviewers for inclusion. Studies will be selected if they evaluate eHealth interventions aiming to improve medication adherence among older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Data will be analysed by using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software V.3 and Review Manager (RevMan) software V.5. The authors will separately analyse each outcome measure, compute intervention effects and present them as relative risks with 95% CIs for dichotomous data. Continuous data will be presented as mean differences and standardised mean differences (if required) with 95% CIs. If substantive statistical heterogeneity is identified, we will consider the use of random-effects models that can be incorporated into the statistical analysis. We envisage that this review will adduce evidence on eHealth interventions that will improve medication adherence among older adults with mild cognitive impairment. The findings can also inform health professionals and other relevant stakeholders on current eHealth-based interventions that are used to improve medication adherence among older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required for systematic reviews. Findings will be disseminated widely through peer-reviewed publication and at conferences.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021268665.
Cohort study protocol of the Brazilian collaborative research network on COVID-19: strengthening WHO global data
Authors: Anschau Fernando , Aredes Natália Del' Angelo , Reveiz Ludovic , Padilla Monica , Gomes Rosane de Mendonça , Carvalho Wellington Mendes , Leles Fernando Antonio Gomes , Reese Fernanda Baeumle , Hubert André Hostílio , Kemper Elisandréa Sguario , de Souza Renilson Rehem , Salviano Cristiane Feitosa , e Silva Hevelin Silveira , Coelho Eduardo Barbosa , Gatto Giuseppe Cesare , de Morais Rafael Freitas , Alegre Leonardo Nunes , Padilha dos Reis Rodrigo Citton , dos Santos Neto Joaquim Francisco , Garbini Andresa Fontoura , Purper César Perdomo , dos Santos Veridiana Baldon , Charão de Almeida Rafaela dos Santos , Donida Bruna , Bitencourt Rogério Farias , Kopittke Luciane , dos Santos Fernanda Costa , Lutkmeier Raquel , Carazai Daniela dos Reis , Reis Virgínia Angélica Silveira , Deulefeu Flávio Clemente , Severino Fernanda Gadelha , da Costa Neto José Gustavo , Carvalho Nirvania do Vale , de Andrade André Jamson Rocha , Teixeira Adriana Melo , Braga Neto Olavo , Muller Gabriel Cardozo , Kuchenbecker Ricardo de Souza
Published: November 2022

Introduction

With the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals in low-income countries were faced with a triple challenge. First, a large number of patients required hospitalisation because of the infection’s more severe symptoms. Second, there was a lack of systematic and broad testing policies for early identification of cases. Third, there were weaknesses in the integration of information systems, which led to the need to search for available information from the hospital information systems. Accordingly, it is also important to state that relevant aspects of COVID-19’s natural history had not yet been fully clarified. The aim of this research protocol is to present the strategies of a Brazilian network of hospitals to perform systematised data collection on COVID-19 through the WHO platform.

Methods and analysis

This is a multicentre project among Brazilian hospitals to provide data on COVID-19 through the WHO global platform, which integrates patient care information from different countries. From October 2020 to March 2021, a committee worked on defining a flowchart for this platform, specifying the variables of interest, data extraction standardisation and analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

This protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP) of the Research Coordinating Center of Brazil (CEP of the Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceicao), on 29 January 2021, under approval No. 4.515.519 and by the National Research Ethics Commission (CONEP), on 5 February 2021, under approval No. 4.526.456. The project results will be explained in WHO reports and published in international peer-reviewed journals, and summaries will be provided to the funders of the study.
Adherence to stay-at-home orders: awareness, implementation and difficulties of officially ordered quarantine measures in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Cologne – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Book Julian , Broichhaus Lukas , Grüne Barbara , Nießen Johannes , Wiesmüller Gerhard A , Joisten Christine , Kossow Annelene
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To estimate the awareness, implementation and difficulty of behavioural recommendations and their correlates in officially ordered domestic isolation and quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design

Online retrospective cohort survey conducted from 12 December 2020 to 6 January 2021 as part of the Cologne–Corona Counselling and Support for Index and Contact Persons During the Quarantine Period study.

Setting

Administrative area of the city of Cologne, Germany.

Participants

3011 infected persons (IPs) and 5822 contacts over 16 years of age who were in officially ordered domestic isolation or quarantine between 28 February 2020 and 9 December 2020. Of these, 60.4% were women.

Outcome measures

Self-developed scores were calculated based on responses about awareness and implementation of 19 behavioural recommendations to determine community-based and household-based adherence. Linear regression analyses were conducted to determine factors influencing adherence.

Results

The average adherence to all recommendations, including staying in a single room, keeping distance and wearing a mask, was 13.8±2.4 out of 15 points for community-based recommendations (CBRs) and 17.2±6.8 out of 25 points for household-based recommendations (HBRs). IPs were significantly more adherent to CBRs (14.3±2.0 points vs 13.7±2.6 points, p<0.001) and HBRs (18.2±6.7 points vs 16.5±6.8 points, p<0.001) than were contact persons. Among other factors, both status as an IP and being informed about the measures positively influenced participants’ adherence. The linear regression analysis explained 6.6% and 14.4% (corr. R²) of the adherence to CBRs and HBRs.

Conclusions

Not all persons under official quarantine were aware of the relevant behavioural recommendations. This was especially true in cases where instructions were given for measures to be taken in one’s own household. Due to the high transmission rates within households, HBRs should be communicated with particular emphasis.
Observational cross-sectional study of the association of poor broadband provision with demographic and health outcomes: the Wolverhampton Digital ENablement (WODEN) programme
Authors: Philp Fraser , Faux-Nightingale Alice , Bateman James , Clark Heather , Johnson Oliver , Klaire Vijay , Nevill Alan , Parry Emma , Warren Kate , Pandyan Anand , Singh Baldev M
Published: November 2022

Objectives

The association between impaired digital provision, access and health outcomes has not been systematically studied. The Wolverhampton Digital ENablement programme (WODEN) is a multiagency collaborative approach to determine and address digital factors that may impact on health and social care in a single deprived multiethnic health economy. The objective of this study is to determine the association between measurable broadband provision and demographic and health outcomes in a defined population.

Design

An observational cross-sectional whole local population-level study with cohorts defined according to broadband provision.

Setting/participants

Data for all residents of the City of Wolverhampton, totalling 269 785 residents.

Primary outcomes

Poor broadband provision is associated with variation in demographics and with increased comorbidity and urgent care needs.

Results

Broadband provision was measured using the Broadband Infrastructure Index (BII) in 158 City localities housing a total of 269 785 residents. Lower broadband provision as determined by BII was associated with younger age (p<0.001), white ethnic status (p<0.001), lesser deprivation as measured by Index of Multiple Deprivation (p<0.001), a higher number of health comorbidities (p<0.001) and more non-elective urgent events over 12 months (p<0.001).

Conclusion

Local municipal and health authorities are advised to consider the variations in broadband provision within their locality and determine equal distribution both on a geographical basis but also against demographic, health and social data to determine equitable distribution as a platform for equitable access to digital resources for their residents.
Therapeutic metformin concentrations positively regulate proliferation in endometrial epithelial cells via mTOR activation and augmented mitochondrial strength
Authors: Imran M. , Sachdeva Geetanjali , Menon Shyla , Das Dhanjit , Davuluri Sravanthi , Acharya Kshitish , Chaudhari Uddhav
Published: November 2022

Metformin, an antidiabetic drug, has recently been repositioned in the treatment of several nondiabetic disorders, including reproductive disorders such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, where it improves endometrial functions. In vitro studies employing supratherapeutic concentrations (5–20 mmol/L) of metformin have reported antiproliferative effects on endometrial epithelial and stromal cells. However, animal and human studies have revealed that therapeutic serum concentrations of metformin range between 20 and 70 µmol/L. In the present study, the effect of therapeutic concentrations of metformin was studied on endometrial epithelial cells (EECs). Therapeutic concentrations of metformin induced proliferation in Ishikawa and HEC-1A cells. The proliferation of EECs was found to be mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) dependent. Interestingly, therapeutic metformin concentrations were not able to activate the classical AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. On the contrary, supratherapeutic metformin concentration (10 mmol/L) inhibited mTOR and activated AMPK signaling. Microarray analysis of metformin-treated HEC-1A cells revealed dose-dependent differential effects on biological pathways associated with translation, ribosomal RNA processing, mitochondrial translation, and cell proliferation. Therapeutic concentrations of metformin upregulated mitochondrial number as demonstrated by increased MitoTracker™ Red staining and enhanced succinate dehydrogenase expression; however, higher concentration (10 mmol/L) abrogated the same. Our results suggest that therapeutic concentrations of metformin augment mitochondrial strength and induce mTOR-dependent endometrial cell proliferation.
Vibration Mitigation in the Railcar Floor Panel Using a Topologically Optimized Auxetic Layer
Authors: Hosseinkhani Ali , Younesian Davood , Ranjbar Mostafa
Published: November 2022

This paper aims at to improve the vibration behavior of the train floor panel by the use of a cellular auxetic layer. A field measurement is performed to obtain the vibrational frequency content of the body floor moving on the tangent track. Using acceleration sensors, the vibrational response is measured on the bogie (as the input excitation) and on the floor panel (as the observation response). Finite Element modeling for the floor panel is accomplished and measurement data are used for both the input excitation and the verification of the numerical results. The floor panel is a sandwich panel containing multiple layers. In this study, the conventional wooden layer of the panel is substituted with a cellular auxetic one with a re-entrant hexagonal pattern. Then, an optimization problem is defined while the topological parameters of the auxetic layer are the design variables and the dynamic performance of the panel is the objective function. The parameter of power–mass–ratio (PMR) is defined taking the effects of both weight and dynamic response amplitude into calculation. It is found that the PMR is reduced to almost 0.6 by replacing the wooden layer with an auxetic one, and after topological optimization, it is reduced to 0.35.
Passive Control by Inverted Pendulum of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine
Authors: Falcão Jonas P. , de Brito José L. V. , Avila Suzana M. , de Morais Marcus V. G.
Published: November 2022

Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) are slender structures that are sensitive to hazardous conditions, mainly to winds. Wind action can cause undesirable vibrations that may affect safety and operability. These vibrations can be controlled in numerous ways through passive, active, semiactive or hybrid control. An example of passive control is a tuned mass damper (TMD) that dissipates mechanical energy from the main system when well-tuned to the structure. An inverted pendulum is a device that can be used as a TMD that vibrates out of phase in relation to the main system, reducing the vibrations in comparison to a classical TMD. This work describes a procedure for controlling a FOWT, which is subjected to wind actions, using a proposed tuned mass damper by means of an inverted pendulum (TMD-IP). TMD-IP is evaluated by two specific metrics: tower peak rotation and tower variance rotation. Optimization of the parameters of the inverted pendulum achieved reductions of approximately 95% for the rotation of the tower and the translation of the barge when a harmonic excitation is applied. Using the Monte Carlo method, random wind loading is applied to the FOWT; the reduction in the tower rotation is approximately 70%, and the reduction in the barge translation is approximately 80%. In addition, it is verified that changes in blade stiffness and damping alter the response of the structure very little when the FOWT is under extreme wind conditions. Finally, the results obtained through time and frequency domain analysis are closer to those.
Numerical Verification on Optimal Sensor Placements for Building Structure Before and After the Stiffness Decrease
Authors: Yang Yen-Yu , Leu Liang-Jenq , Yamamoto Kyosuke
Published: November 2022

Japan and Taiwan are located in an area where earthquakes and typhoons occur very frequently. To ensure the safety of building structures, it is necessary to proceed with structural health identification before and after a disaster. This study proposes the optimal placement of sensors to reduce the number of sensors installed in the mid/high-story building for monitoring and inspection purposes, while simultaneously enhancing the accuracy of the determination of modal frequencies for the building structure. To achieve this goal, the first step is to obtain the reference modal frequencies of the structure. That is to install reference sensors on the structure for recording actual time-histories, then to obtain simulated time-histories using the cubic spline interpolation method. After the actual and simulated time-histories are collected from each structure floor, the Frequency Domain Decomposition (FDD) method is used to enhance the accuracy of reference modal frequencies, and then the Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI) method is utilized to plot out the stabilization diagram. Several reference modal frequencies shown in the stabilization diagram will be determined. Finally, the Optimal Sensor Placement (OSP) locations for placing acceleration sensors can be obtained using a genetic algorithm. Structural models with different story numbers will then be simulated to obtain OSP locations. The condition of stiffness decrease will also be discussed. A comparison is made before and after stiffness decrease to discover the modal frequencies of the structures under the case of both optimal placement and original placement, ultimately to verify the feasibility of the methods proposed in this study.
An Ensemble-Based Machine Learning Model for Emotion and Mental Health Detection
Authors: Jonnalagadda Annapurna , Rajvir Manan , Singh Shovan , Chandramouliswaran S , George Joshua , Kamalov Firuz
Published: November 2022

Recent studies have highlighted several mental health problems in India, caused by factors such as lack of trained counsellors and a stigma associated with discussing mental health. These challenges have raised an increasing need for alternate methods that can be used to detect a person’s emotion and monitor their mental health. Existing research in this field explores several approaches ranging from studying body language to analysing micro-expressions to detect a person’s emotions. However, these solutions often rely on techniques that invade people’s privacy and thus face challenges with mass adoption. The goal is to build a solution that can detect people’s emotions, in a non-invasive manner. This research proposes a journaling web application wherein the users enter their daily reflections. The application extracts the user’s typing patterns (keystroke data) and primary phone usage data. It uses this data to train an ensemble machine learning model, which can then detect the user’s emotions. The proposed solution has various applications in today’s world. People can use it to keep track of their emotions and study their emotional health. Also, any individual family can use this application to detect early signs of anxiety or depression amongst the members.
Comprehensive Analysis of Various Big Data Classification Techniques: A Challenging Overview
Authors: Abdalla Hemn Barzan , Abuhaija Belal
Published: November 2022

Data over the internet has been increasing everyday, and automatic mining of essential information from an enormous amount of data has become a challenging task today for an organisation with a huge dataset. In recent years, the prominent technology in the domain of Information Technology (IT) is big data, which is unstructured data that solves the computational complexity of classical database systems. The data is fast and big and typically derived from multiple and independent sources. The three main challenges are data accessing, semantics, and domain knowledge for various big data utilisations and complexities raised by big data volumes. One of the major limitations is the classification of big data. This paper introduces well-defined classification methodologies employed for big data classification. This paper reviews 50 research papers based on classification methods of big data, and such methodologies are primarily categorised into six different categories, namely K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Fuzzy-based method, Bayesian-based method, Random Forest, and Decision Tree. In addition, detailed analysis and discussion are carried out by considering classification techniques, dataset utilised, evaluation metrics, semantic similarity measures, and publication year. In addition, research gaps and issues for several traditional big data classification techniques are explained to expand investigators’ works to provide effective big data management.
Communicating Missing Causal Information to Explain a Robot’s Past Behavior
Authors: Han Zhao , Yanco Holly
Published: November 2022

Robots need to explain their behavior to gain trust. Existing research has focused on explaining a robot’s current behavior, yet it remains unknown yet challenging how to provide explanations of past actions in an environment that might change after a robot’s actions, leading to critical missing causal information due to moved objects.

We conducted an experiment (N = 665) investigating how a robot could help participants infer the missing causal information by replaying the past behavior physically, using verbal explanations, and projecting visual information onto the environment. Participants watched videos of the robot replaying its completion of an integrated mobile kitting task. During the replay, the objects are already gone, so participants needed to infer where an object was picked, where a ground obstacle had been, and where the object was placed.

Based on the results, we recommend combining physical replay with speech and projection indicators (Replay-Project-Say) to help infer all the missing causal information (picking, navigation, and placement) from the robot’s past actions. This condition had the best outcome in both task-based—effectiveness, efficiency, and confidence—and team-based metrics—workload and trust. If one’s focus is efficiency, then we recommend projection markers for navigation inferences and verbal markers for placing inferences.
Auto-tuning Fixed-point Precision with TVM on RISC-V Packed SIMD Extension
Authors: Yang Chun-Chieh , Chen Yi-Ru , Liao Hui-Hsin , Chang Yuan-Ming , Lee Jenq-Kuen
Published: November 2022

Today, as deep learning (DL) is applied more often in daily life, dedicated processors such as CPUs and GPUs have become very important for accelerating model executions. With the growth of technology, people are becoming accustomed to using edge devices, such as mobile phones, smart watches, and VR devices in their daily lives. A variety of technologies using DL are gradually being applied to these edge devices. However, there is a large number of computations in DL. It faces a challenging problem how to provide solutions in the edge devices. In this article, the proposed method enables a flow with the RISC-V Packed extension (P extension) in TVM. TVM, an open deep learning compiler for neural network models, is growing as a key infrastructure for DL computing. RISC-V is an open instruction set architecture (ISA) with customized and flexible features. The Packed-SIMD extension is a RISC-V extension that enables subword single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD) computations in RISC-V architectures to support fallback engines in AI computing. In the proposed flow, a fixed-point type that is supported by an integer of 16-bit type and saturation instructions is added to replace the original 32-bit float type. In addition, an auto-tuning method is proposed to use a uniform selector mechanism (USM) to find the binary point position for fixed-point type use. The tensorization feature of TVM can be used to optimize specific hardware such as subword SIMD instructions with RISC-V P extension. With our experiment on the Spike simulator, the proposed method with the USM can improve performance by approximately 2.54 to 6.15× in terms of instruction counts with little accuracy loss.
Chinese Grammatical Error Correction Using Pre-trained Models and Pseudo Data
Authors: Wang Hongfei , Kurosawa Michiki , Katsumata Satoru , Mita Masato , Komachi Mamoru
Published: November 2022

In recent studies, pre-trained models and pseudo data have been key factors in improving the performance of the English
grammatical error correction (GEC)
task. However, few studies have examined the role of pre-trained models and pseudo data in the Chinese GEC task. Therefore, we develop Chinese GEC models based on three pre-trained models: Chinese BERT, Chinese T5, and Chinese BART, and then incorporate these models with pseudo data to determine the best configuration for the Chinese GEC task. On the
natural language processing and Chinese computing (NLPCC)
2018 GEC shared task test set, all our single models outperform the ensemble models developed by the top team of the shared task. Chinese BART achieves an F score of 37.15, which is a state-of-the-art result. We then combine our Chinese GEC models with three kinds of pseudo data: Lang-8 (MaskGEC), Wiki (MaskGEC), and Wiki (Backtranslation). We find that most models can benefit from pseudo data, and BART+Lang-8 (MaskGEC) is the ideal setting in terms of accuracy and training efficiency. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the pre-trained models and pseudo data on the Chinese GEC task and provide an easily reproducible and adaptable baseline for future works. Finally, we annotate the error types of the development data; the results show that word-level errors dominate all error types, and word selection errors must be addressed even when using pre-trained models and pseudo data. Our codes are available at
https://github.com/wang136906578/BERT-encoder-ChineseGEC
.
Harnessing the Power of Communication and Behavior Science to Enhance Society's Response to Climate Change
Authors: Maibach Edward W. , Uppalapati Sri Saahitya , Orr Margaret , Thaker Jagadish
Published: November 2022

A science-based understanding of climate change and potential mitigation and adaptation options can provide decision makers with important guidance in making decisions about how best to respond to the many challenges inherent in climate change. In this review we provide an evidence-based heuristic for guiding efforts to share science-based information about climate change with decision makers and the public at large. Well-informed decision makers are likely to make better decisions, but for a range of reasons, their inclinations to act on their decisions are not always realized into effective actions. We therefore also provide a second evidence-based heuristic for helping people and organizations change their climate change–relevant behaviors, should they decide to. These two guiding heuristics can help scientists and others harness the power of communication and behavior science in service of enhancing society's response to climate change.
▪Many Earth scientists seeking to contribute to the climate science translation process feel frustrated by the inadequacy of the societal response.▪Here we summarize the social science literature by offering two guiding principles to guide communication and behavior change efforts.▪To improve public understanding, we recommend simple, clear messages, repeated often, by a variety of trusted and caring messengers.▪To encourage uptake of useful behaviors, we recommend making the behaviors easy, fun, and popular.