bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unstable Orders : Dislocation as Metaphor and Allegory of Post-apartheid Transition in Ivan Vladislavić’s The Restless Supermarket
Authors: Ngara Kudzayi
Published: March 2015

Le roman de Ivan Vladislavić The Restless Supermarket a pour cadre Johannesbourg, une ville qui subit aujourd’hui de profondes transformations sociales et politiques. En premier lieu, cet article évalue comment le personnage principal, Aubrey Tearle, homme aux vues rétrogrades et conservatrices, négocie la transition politique, en se concentrant sur les rapports qu’il entretient avec l’infrastructure sociale et physique dynamique de la ville, et les stratégies qu’il déploie pour se chercher une identité dans un contexte de fluidité. Dans ces circonstances, les notions de définition de soi sont d’abord examinées en interrogeant comment Johannesbourg, et le quartier de Hillbrow en particulier, en tant que zones urbaines en voie de démocratisation, se définissent de manière opposée aux idées que Tearle se fait de l’ordre et des conve-nances en ayant recours au bizarre ou à l’incongru. En second lieu, je propose que l’invention, par Tearle, d’une ville imaginaire comme Alibia constitue une métaphore et une allégorie de l’ordre linguistique qui se délite rapidement au fur et à mesure que la ville se transforme. Cette fantaisie utopique est conçue pour contrecarrer l’impression de descente vers un chaos dystopique que l’émergence d’une ville post-apartheid représente pour lui. Mais Tearle comprend bientôt que, même dans ce monde allégorique, il est en définitive incapable d’imposer l’ordre qu’il souhaite ; il lui faut plutôt apprendre à découvrir comment entretenir des liens nouveaux avec la ville comme espace que l’on habite.
« Simple as the Black Letters on this White Page » : Nadine Gordimer’s Grey Politics in No Time Like the Present
Authors: Davies Dominic
Published: March 2015

Le dernier roman de Nadine Gordimer, No Time Like the Present (2012), a pour thème central le conflit entre la poursuite de l’engagement politique, d’une part, et la lassitude ou la désillusion qu’engendre la politique, d’autre part, conflit qui caractérise de manière notoire le champ socio-politique de l’Afrique du Sud post-apartheid. En comparant le dernier roman de Nadine Gordimer à son premier, The Lying Days (1953), et en s’appuyant sur l’ouvrage de Fredric Jameson concernant l’allégorie nationale, cet article montre comment No Time Like the Present décrit et critique sur le mode autoréflexif les relations changeantes entre littérature et politique dans un contexte sud-africain. Le paysage politique complexe de l’après-apartheid, qui n’est plus scindé entre blanc et noir – entre pro- et anti-apartheid – est reconfiguré de manière formelle à travers une ambivalence narrative qui déconstruit également les barrières séparant la vie publique de la vie privée. Le roman exploite jusqu’au maximum les limites des contraintes allégoriques qu’impose le contexte politique afin de révéler que plus rien n’est aussi « simple que les lettres noires sur la page blanche ». Il en résulte une ambivalence formelle qui exprime l’absence d’une orientation politique post-apartheid claire – une situation difficile que je désigne comme la « zone grise » du roman.
La diffusion de la présence économique chinoise dans la Caraïbe insulaire : modalités et enjeux pratiques et théoriques
Authors: Cruse Romain
Published: March 2015

Une présence économique accrue de la Chine dans la région Caraïbe se manifeste depuis la fin des années 1990 par une augmentation notable des échanges commerciaux bilatéraux, ainsi que par une forte croissance des investissements directs à l’étranger (IDE) de la Chine vers la Caraïbe. L’augmentation de ces flux s’accompagne d’un resserrement des relations diplomatiques et d’aides diverses de la part de la Chine. Les dirigeants des économies naufragées de la région accueillent, pour l’instant, avec enthousiasme ce nouveau partenaire. L’objet de cet article est de montrer les modalités de cette présence accrue dans la région, de démêler l’enchevêtrement d’acteurs impliqués, et d’interroger les intérêts précis visés par la Chine dans cette région. Ceci nous permet de mettre en question la durabilité et l’adaptabilité du modèle centre / périphérie et les enseignements qu’on peut en tirer pour la Caraïbe.
Scoring Large‐Scale Affinity Purification Mass Spectrometry Datasets with MiST
Authors: Verschueren Erik , Von Dollen John , Cimermancic Peter , Gulbahce Natali , Sali Andrej , Krogan Nevan J.
Published: March 2015

High‐throughput Affinity Purification Mass Spectrometry (AP‐MS) experiments can identify a large number of protein interactions, but only a fraction of these interactions are biologically relevant. Here, we describe a comprehensive computational strategy to process raw AP‐MS data, perform quality controls, and prioritize biologically relevant bait‐prey pairs in a set of replicated AP‐MS experiments with Mass spectrometry interaction STatistics (MiST). The MiST score is a linear combination of prey quantity (abundance), abundance invariability across repeated experiments (reproducibility), and prey uniqueness relative to other baits (specificity). We describe how to run the full MiST analysis pipeline in an R environment and discuss a number of configurable options that allow the lay user to convert any large‐scale AP‐MS data into an interpretable, biologically relevant protein‐protein interaction network. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Bounce‐ and MLT‐averaged diffusion coefficients in a physics‐based magnetic field geometry obtained from RAM‐SCB for the 17 March 2013 storm
Authors: Zhao Lei , Yu Yiqun , Delzanno Gian Luca , Jordanova Vania K.
Published: March 2015

Local acceleration via whistler wave and particle interaction plays a significant role in particle dynamics in the radiation belt. In this work we explore gyroresonant wave‐particle interaction and quasi‐linear diffusion in different magnetic field configurations related to the 17 March 2013 storm. We consider the Earth's magnetic dipole field as a reference and compare the results against nondipole field configurations corresponding to quiet and stormy conditions. The latter are obtained with the ring current‐atmosphere interactions model with a self‐consistent magnetic field (RAM‐SCB), a code that models the Earth's ring current and provides a realistic modeling of the Earth's magnetic field. By applying quasi‐linear theory, the bounce‐ and Magnetic Local Time (MLT)‐averaged electron pitch angle, mixed‐term, and energy diffusion coefficients are calculated for each magnetic field configuration. For radiation belt (∼1 MeV) and ring current (∼100 keV) electrons, it is shown that at some MLTs the bounce‐averaged diffusion coefficients become rather insensitive to the details of the magnetic field configuration, while at other MLTs storm conditions can expand the range of equatorial pitch angles where gyroresonant diffusion occurs and significantly enhance the diffusion rates. When MLT average is performed at drift shell L=4.25 (a good approximation to drift average), the diffusion coefficients become quite independent of the magnetic field configuration for relativistic electrons, while the opposite is true for lower energy electrons. These results suggest that, at least for the 17 March 2013 storm and for L≲4.25, the commonly adopted dipole approximation of the Earth's magnetic field can be safely used for radiation belt electrons, while a realistic modeling of the magnetic field configuration is necessary to describe adequately the diffusion rates of ring current electrons.
Seismic anisotropy of the upper crust around Mount Fuji, Japan
Authors: Araragi Kohtaro R. , Savage Martha K. , Ohminato Takao , Aoki Yosuke
Published: March 2015

We measure shear wave splitting and estimate stresses of Mount Fuji, Japan, to interpret anisotropic structure and its implication for geologic processes using local crustal earthquake seismograms from 2009 to 2012. The measured fast polarizations have preferred orientations at each station with mean values of delay times <0.15 s. We infer that the anisotropic structure is located at shallow depths (<4 km) from a lack of focal depth dependence of delay times. The fast polarization directions for stations within approximately 15 km of the summit of Mount Fuji show a radial pattern pointing toward the summit, while stations far from the summit exhibit fast polarization directions approximately parallel to the NW‐SE compressional regional stress field. We infer that the symmetrical seismic anisotropic structure around the summit and the fast directions parallel to the regional compression observed at distant stations from the summit reflect interactions of the gravitational stresses and regional tectonics. Assuming stress control only, the spatial pattern of anisotropy can be fit by the interaction of gravitational with regional stresses if the regional maximum horizontal stress is 1.02 times lithostatic pressure (51.9 MPa at a depth of 2.0 km). If structural anisotropy also contributes to the radial pattern, then the regional maximum horizontal stress magnitude is not constrained.
The use of discharge perturbations to understand in situ vegetation resistance in wetlands
Authors: Lal A. M. Wasantha , Moustafa M. Zaki , Wilcox Walter M.
Published: March 2015

The ability to better quantify resistance to water flow exerted by vegetation is receiving increased attention due to ongoing worldwide efforts to restore natural vegetation communities in the wetlands and use of vegetation for environmental benefits in streams and wetlands. In south Florida, vegetation resistance affects discharge through shallow wetlands of the Everglades and projects under way in the system to restore remaining natural systems. A more detailed knowledge of the flow dynamics in these wetlands is required to improve modeling of these systems that supports restoration and management efforts. The goal of this investigation is to understand the flow dynamics and the vegetation resistance within a 3 km by 7 km area in the Everglades referred to as STA‐3/4 Cell 3A. Methods are developed to demonstrate the use of analytical solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs) and inverse methods to obtain bulk and spatially varying resistance parameters. To achieve this goal, a field test was conducted using sinusoidal discharge disturbances capable of creating water waves in the storm water treatment area (STAs). The discharges, wave speeds, and the wave attenuation rates from the test are used to develop graphical and empirical functions expressing discharge in terms of water depth and energy slope. The empirical functions developed are power law type, and different functions are developed for different depths. The results show that the Manning's equation is not applicable for wetlands with thick emergent vegetation, as well as the difficulty of applying a single power law‐type expression for vegetation resistance over a wide range of depths and energy slopes without errors. This is partly due to the existence of multiple flow regimes and different power exponents over depth and energy slopes in these regimes. Results show that the flow regime at low depths is similar to porous media flow, and the flow regime at higher depths is more turbulent.
Hydrological connectivity in river deltas: The first‐order importance of channel‐island exchange
Authors: Hiatt Matthew , Passalacqua Paola
Published: March 2015

Deltaic systems are composed of distributary channels and interdistributary islands. While previous work has focused either on the channels or on the islands, here we study the hydrological exchange between channels and islands and point at its important role in delta morphology and ecology. We focus our analysis on Wax Lake Delta in coastal Louisiana (USA) and characterize the surface water component of hydrological connectivity through measurements of water discharge and hydraulic tracer propagation. We find that deltaic islands are zones of significant water flux as 23–54% of the incoming distributary channel flux enters the islands. A calculation of the travel times through a channel‐island complex shows travel times through the islands to be at least 3 times their channel counterparts. A dye release experiment also indicates that travel times in islands are much longer that those within channels as dye remained in the island for the 3.8 day duration of the experiment. Additionally, islands are more sensitive than channels to environmental forces such as tides, which cause flow reversal and thus can increase travel times through the islands. Our work defines the “hydrological network” of a river delta to include not only the distributary channel network but also the interdistributary islands, quantifies the implications of channel‐island hydrological connectivity to travel times through the system, and discusses the relevance of our findings to channel mouth dynamics at the delta front and the potential for denitrification in coastal systems.
Evaluating snow models with varying process representations for hydrological applications
Authors: Magnusson Jan , Wever Nander , Essery Richard , Helbig Nora , Winstral Adam , Jonas Tobias
Published: March 2015

Much effort has been invested in developing snow models over several decades, resulting in a wide variety of empirical and physically based snow models. For the most part, these models are built on similar principles. The greatest differences are found in how each model parameterizes individual processes (e.g., surface albedo and snow compaction). Parameterization choices naturally span a wide range of complexities. In this study, we evaluate the performance of different snow model parameterizations for hydrological applications using an existing multimodel energy‐balance framework and data from two well‐instrumented alpine sites with seasonal snow cover. We also include two temperature‐index snow models and an intensive, physically based multilayer snow model in our analyses. Our results show that snow mass observations provide useful information for evaluating the ability of a model to predict snowpack runoff, whereas snow depth data alone are not. For snow mass and runoff, the energy‐balance models appear transferable between our two study sites, a behavior which is not observed for snow surface temperature predictions due to site‐specificity of turbulent heat transfer formulations. Errors in the input and validation data, rather than model formulation, seem to be the greatest factor affecting model performance. The three model types provide similar ability to reproduce daily observed snowpack runoff when appropriate model structures are chosen. Model complexity was not a determinant for predicting daily snowpack mass and runoff reliably. Our study shows the usefulness of the multimodel framework for identifying appropriate models under given constraints such as data availability, properties of interest and computational cost.
Global sensitivity analysis of the radiative transfer model
Authors: Neelam Maheshwari , Mohanty Binayak P.
Published: March 2015

With the recently launched Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, it is very important to have a complete understanding of the radiative transfer model for better soil moisture retrievals and to direct future research and field campaigns in areas of necessity. Because natural systems show great variability and complexity with respect to soil, land cover, topography, precipitation, there exist large uncertainties and heterogeneities in model input factors. In this paper, we explore the possibility of using global sensitivity analysis (GSA) technique to study the influence of heterogeneity and uncertainties in model inputs on zero order radiative transfer (ZRT) model and to quantify interactions between parameters. GSA technique is based on decomposition of variance and can handle nonlinear and nonmonotonic functions. We direct our analyses toward growing agricultural fields of corn and soybean in two different regions, Iowa, USA (SMEX02) and Winnipeg, Canada (SMAPVEX12). We noticed that, there exists a spatio‐temporal variation in parameter interactions under different soil moisture and vegetation conditions. Radiative Transfer Model (RTM) behaves more non‐linearly in SMEX02 and linearly in SMAPVEX12, with average parameter interactions of 14% in SMEX02 and 5% in SMAPVEX12. Also, parameter interactions increased with vegetation water content (VWC) and roughness conditions. Interestingly, soil moisture shows an exponentially decreasing sensitivity function whereas parameters such as root mean square height (RMS height) and vegetation water content show increasing sensitivity with 0.05 v/v increase in soil moisture range. Overall, considering the SMAPVEX12 fields to be water rich environment (due to higher observed SM) and SMEX02 fields to be energy rich environment (due to lower SM and wide ranges of TSURF), our results indicate that first order as well as interactions between the parameters change with water and energy rich environments.
Negative urgency and emotion regulation strategy use: Associations with displaced aggression
Authors: Scott Jillian Panuzio , DiLillo David , Maldonado Rosalita C. , Watkins Laura E.
Published: March 2015

The numerous public health consequences of interpersonal aggression highlight the necessity of a comprehensive understanding of factors influencing its perpetration. This study examined direct and interactive associations between negative urgency and emotion regulation strategy use in predicting displaced aggression under conditions of negative mood. Participants were 197 male and female undergraduate students who were randomly assigned to employ either cognitive reappraisal or expressive suppression in response to a negative mood induction. Immediately afterwards, participants engaged in an analog displaced aggression task. Results revealed direct, positive associations between negative urgency and aggression. In addition, the use of suppression was associated with greater aggression than was the use of reappraisal alone. Counter to the hypothesis, there were no interactive effects between negative urgency and emotion regulation strategy use in predicting aggression. Findings suggest reducing negative urgency and use of suppression as potential intervention targets for individuals who engage in aggressive behavior. Aggr. Behav. 41:502–512, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sustaining the Local: An Alternative Approach to Sustainable Design
Authors: Peters Terri
Published: March 2015

By implication, the developmentof experimental architecture that is responsive to the local context can have sustainable benefits for the natural environment and adjacent community. Here, architect and writer Terri Peters, who has a PhD in sustainable building transformation, picks up the gauntlet and asks how the notion of localness might be able to advance sustainable design. Focusing on a qualitative rather than quantitative interpretation of sustainability, she describes projects by New York‐based studio The Living, the Chinese architect Li Xiaodong and Toronto architects Superkül, highlighting the importance of ecology, social sustainability and context‐specific design in the treatment of their work.
A Temperature‐Responsive Smart Europium Metal‐Organic Framework Switch for Reversible Capture and Release of Intrinsic Eu3+ Ions
Authors: Zhu Min , Song Xue‐Zhi , Song Shu‐Yan , Zhao Shu‐Na , Meng Xing , Wu Lan‐Lan , Wang Cheng , Zhang Hong‐Jie
Published: March 2015

Stimuli‐responsive structural transformations are emerging as a scaffold to develop a charming class of smart materials. A EuL metal‐organic framework (MOF) undergoes a reversible temperature‐stimulated single‐crystal to single‐crystal transformation, showing a specific behavior of fast capture/release of free Eu3+ in the channels at low and room temperatures. At room temperature, compound 1a is obtained with one free carboxylate group severing as further hook, featuring one‐dimensional square channels filled with intrinsic free europium ions. Trigged by lowering the ambient temperature, 1b is gained. In 1b, the intrinsic free europium ions can be fast captured by the carboxylate‐hooks anchored in the framework, resulting in the structural change and its channel distortion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such a rapid and reversible switch stemming from dynamic control between noncovalent and covalent Eu–ligand interactions. Utilizing EuL MOF to detect highly explosive 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol at room temperature and low temperature provides a glimpse into the potential of this material in fluorescence sensors.
High Energy Density Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Challenges of Thick Sulfur Cathodes
Authors: Lv Dongping , Zheng Jianming , Li Qiuyan , Xie Xi , Ferrara Seth , Nie Zimin , Mehdi Layla B. , Browning Nigel D. , Zhang Ji‐Guang , Graff Gordon L. , Liu Jun , Xiao Jie
Published: March 2015

High energy and cost‐effective lithium sulfur (Li–S) battery technology has been vigorously revisited in recent years due to the urgent need of advanced energy storage technologies for green transportation and large‐scale energy storage applications. However, the market penetration of Li–S batteries has been plagued due to the gap in scientific knowledge between the fundamental research and the real application need. Here, a facile and effective approach to integrate commercial carbon nanoparticles into microsized secondary ones for application in high loading sulfur electrodes is proposed The slurry with the integrated particles is easily cast into electrode laminates with practically usable mass loadings. Uniform and crack‐free coating with high loading of 2–8 mg cm−2 sulfur are successfully achieved. Based on the obtained thick electrodes, the dependence of areal specific capacity on mass loading, factors influencing electrode performance, and measures used to address the existing issues are studied and discussed.
Regioselective Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling of N‐Heterocycles toward Functionalized Quinolines, Phenanthrolines, and Indoles
Authors: Talwar Dinesh , Gonzalez‐de‐Castro Angela , Li Ho Yin , Xiao Jianliang
Published: March 2015

A new strategy has been developed for the oxidant‐ and base‐free dehydrogenative coupling of N‐heterocycles at mild conditions. Under the action of an iridium catalyst, N‐heterocycles undergo multiple sp3 CH activation steps, generating a nucleophilic enamine that reacts in situ with various electrophiles to give highly functionalized products. The dehydrogenative coupling can be cascaded with Friedel–Crafts addition, resulting in a double functionalization of the N‐heterocycles.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Reductive Carbon–Carbon Bond Cleavage Reaction on a Curved Pyridylcorannulene Skeleton
Authors: Tashiro Shohei , Yamada Mihoko , Shionoya Mitsuhiko
Published: March 2015

The cleavage of CC bonds in π‐conjugated systems is an important method for controlling their shape and coplanarity. An efficient way for the cleavage of an aromatic CC bond in a typical buckybowl corannulene skeleton is reported. The reaction of 2‐pyridylcorannulene with a catalytic amount of IrCl3⋅n H2O in ethylene glycol at 250 °C resulted in a structural transformation from the curved corannulene skeleton to a strain‐free flat benzo[ghi]fluoranthene skeleton through a site‐selective CC cleavage reaction. This cleavage reaction was found to be driven by both the coordination of the 2‐pyridyl substituent to iridium and the relief of strain in the curved corannulene skeleton. This finding should facilitate the design of carbon nanomaterials based on CC bond cleavage reactions.
Frontispiz: Temperaturgesteuerte bidirektionale Enantioselektivität eines dynamischen Katalysators für asymmetrische Hydrierungen
Authors: Storch Golo , Trapp Oliver
Published: March 2015

Asymmetrische Katalyse

G. Storch und O. Trapp schildern in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 3650 ff., wie die Enantioselektivität bei der asymmetrischen Hydrierung prochiraler (Z)‐α‐Acetamidocinnamate und α‐substituierter Acrylate von der thermischen Behandlung des Katalysators abhängt.
A Fluorinated Detergent for Membrane‐Protein Applications
Authors: Frotscher Erik , Danielczak Bartholomäus , Vargas Carolyn , Meister Annette , Durand Grégory , Keller Sandro
Published: March 2015

Surfactants carrying fluorocarbon chains hold great promise as gentle alternatives to conventional hydrocarbon‐based detergents for the solubilization and handling of integral membrane proteins. However, their inertness towards lipid bilayer membranes has limited the usefulness of fluorinated surfactants in situations where detergent‐like activity is required. We demonstrate that fluorination does not necessarily preclude detergency, as exemplified by a fluorinated octyl maltoside derivative termed F6OM. This nonionic compound readily interacts with and completely solubilizes phospholipid vesicles in a manner reminiscent of conventional detergents without, however, compromising membrane order at subsolubilizing concentrations. Owing to this mild and unusual mode of detergency, F6OM outperforms a lipophobic fluorinated surfactant in chaperoning the functional refolding of an integral membrane enzyme by promoting bilayer insertion in the absence of micelles.
Electrical conductivity enhancement of spin‐coated PEDOT:PSS thin film via dipping method in low concentration aqueous DMSO
Authors: Deetuam Chutimar , Weise Dana , Samthong Chavakorn , Praserthdam Piyasan , Baumann Reinhard R. , Somwangthanaroj Anongnat
Published: March 2015

The electrical conductivity of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) was enhanced by dipping the thin films prepared by spin coating technique in an aqueous DMSO solution. The low concentration range of DMSO in water between 0–5 vol % was studied in comparison with pure water and pure DMSO. It was found that the electrical conductivity dramatically increased as increasing the concentration of DMSO and reached the constant value of 350 S cm−1 at 2 vol % of aqueous DMSO solution. This could be explained by the conformational change of PEDOT chains from the coil structure to the linear or expanded coil structure as confirmed by Raman spectra. Further, white patches were obviously noticed on the surface of the films dipped in pure DMSO, indicating the phase separation of conductive PEDOT grains and associated PSS. The sulfur element of the dipped film surface was investigated by XPS. The XPS S2p core‐level spectra displayed that the unassociated PSS was considerably removed from the surface of PEDOT:PSS films dipped in pure water and 2 vol % of aqueous DMSO solution, indicating that the presence of water in the solvents is important to prominently promote the washing effect. Finally, UV–Vis spectra revealed the improved transparency of the films probably owing to the decreased film thickness. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42108.
A Water‐Soluble ESIPT Fluorescent Probe with High Quantum Yield and Red Emission for Ratiometric Detection of Inorganic and Organic Palladium
Authors: Gao Tang , Xu Pengfei , Liu Meihui , Bi Anyao , Hu Pengzhi , Ye Bin , Wang Wei , Zeng Wenbin
Published: March 2015

A novel fluorescent probe with a high quantum yield (0.41), large Stokes shifts (255 nm), and red emission (635 nm) was designed to detect all typical oxidation states of palladium species (0, +2, +4) by palladium‐mediated terminal propargyl ethers cleavage reaction in water solution without any organic media. The probe showed a high selectivity and excellent sensitivity for palladium species, with a detection as low as 57 nM (6.2 μg L−1).
Dependence of ‘critical cloud fraction’ on aerosol composition
Authors: Eswaran K. , Satheesh S. K. , Srinivasan J.
Published: March 2015

Recent studies, over regions influenced by biomass burning aerosol, have shown that it is possible to define a ‘critical cloud fraction’ (CCF) at which the aerosol direct radiative forcing switch from a cooling to a warming effect. Using 4 years of multi‐satellite data analysis, we show that CCF varies with aerosol composition and changed from 0.28 to 0.13 from postmonsoon to winter as a result of shift from less absorbing to moderately absorbing aerosol. Our results indicate that we can estimate aerosol absorption from space using independently measured top of the atmosphere (TOA) fluxes [Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization‐Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer‐Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CALIPSO‐MODIS‐CERES)] combined algorithms for example.
Intrinsic colour indices of Be stars obtained from 2MASS photometry
Authors: Wegner W.
Published: March 2015

This paper is based on 2MASS photometry (J H Ks magnitudes) of 1172 Be stars. The observed mean intrinsic colours have been derived with aid of two‐colour diagrams for Be stars of luminosity classes Ie‐IIe, IIIe and IVe‐Ve. The obtained results are the first determinations of their intrinsic colours in the astronomical literature. The smoothed infrared colours are compared with those obtained for “normal” B stars. Several two‐colour diagrams and plots of observed and smoothed intrinsic colour versus spectral type of luminosity classes Ie‐IIe, IIIe and IVe‐Ve are presented. Generally the determined infrared intrinsic colours of Be stars (V – J)0, (V – H)0, and (V – Ks)o differ substantially from those of “normal” B stars. It is found that the intrinsic colours of B stars are generally bluer than Be stars of corresponding spectral type and luminosity class. The mean absolute visual magnitude Mv of 528 Be stars for luminosity classes Iae, Ibe‐Iabe, IIe, IIIe and IVe‐Ve is derived from HIPPARCOS parallaxes. The Mv calibration is compared with the existing ones. The Be stars are generally brighter than “normal” B stars of corresponding spectral types. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
CoRoT data reduction by example
Authors: Weingrill J.
Published: March 2015

Data reduction techniques published so far for the CoRoT N2 data product were targeted primarily on the detection of extrasolar planets. Since the whole dataset has been released, specific algorithms are required to process the lightcurves from CoRoT correctly. Though only unflagged datapoints must be chosen for scientific processing, some flags might be reconsidered. The reduction of data along with improving the signal‐to‐noise ratio can be achieved by applying a one dimensional drizzle algorithm. Gaps can be filled by linear interpolated data without harming the frequency spectrum. Magnitudes derived from the CoRoT color channels might be used to derive additional information about the targets. Depending on the needs, various filters in the frequency domain remove either the red noise background or high frequency noise. The autocorrelation function or the least squares periodogram are appropriate methods to identify periodic signals. The methods described here are not strictly limited to CoRoT data but may also be applied on Kepler data or the upcoming PLATO mission. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The refined physical properties of the transiting exoplanetary system WASP‐41
Authors: Vaňko M. , Evans P. , Tan T. G.
Published: March 2015

We present the first follow‐up study of the transiting system WASP‐41 after its discovery in 2011. The main goal of this paper is to refine the physical parameters of the system and search for possible signs of transit timing variations. The observations used for analysis were taken from the public archive of the Exoplanet Transit Database (ETD). Assuming three different limb darkening laws, we found the best‐fitting model and redetermined parameters of the system. Although system parameters obtained in this study were found to be in good agreement with the discovery study, the planetary radius determined here is notably smaller, namely 1.12+0.06 –0.07 RJup. The Safronov number Θ = 0.071 ± 0.002 and equilibrium temperature Teq = 1271 ± 50 K were also determined. Both values indicate that the planet WASP‐41b belongs to Class I of transiting planets. No significant transit timing variations were detected. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Frühgeschichte des modernen Konstruktionsbetons
Authors: Holzer Stefan M.
Published: March 2015

In Teil 1 der vorliegenden Aufsatzserie wurden die ersten Versuche einer Wiederbelebung der altrömischen Betonbauweise im Hafen‐ und Molenbau bis hin zur Einrichtung der ersten “Fertigteilfabriken” zur Herstellung von riesigen Betonquadern für den Molenbau in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts besprochen. Im zweiten Teil wird die deutlich später einsetzende, aber wesentlich dichtere und intensivere Entwicklung der Verwendung hydraulischer Mörtel und Mörtel‐Stein‐Gemische im Schleusenbau dargestellt. Ausgehend von einer Verwendung als reines Dichtungsmaterial für die umschließenden Konstruktionen der Schleusenkammer konnte sich schließlich ein Einsatz des Betons auch für das Tragwerk der Schleuse etablieren, bis hin zu den ersten, monolithisch unter Wasser in Ortbeton hergestellten, ganz aus Beton bestehenden Schleusen um die Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts. Somit lag um 1850 die Technologie des Betons als fast universell einsetzbares Baumaterial vor – wenn auch noch ohne Bewehrung.

On the early history of modern concrete – Part II: Canal locks and docks

The first part of the present series of articles was dedicated to the roots of the grand revival of concrete during the early modern construction, from first attempts to apply concrete in harbour engineering up to the well‐organized field factories for the production of precast concrete blocks for the construction of jetties during the first half of the 19th century. The second part discusses the introduction of cast‐in‐place concrete construction in the field of canal locks and docks. Although starting only around 1800, this field proved to develop dynamically thoughout Europe, and contributed significantly to establishing concrete as a standard material also for fields outside hydraulic engineering.
Schluss mit dem Krach
Authors: Ehmann Stefan , Köncke Stephan , Lehmann Lutz
Published: March 2015

Um einen sicheren Flugbetrieb gewährleisten zu können, müssen Triebwerkprobeläufe auf einigen Verkehrsflughäfen durchgeführt werden. Da diese Probeläufe vorzugsweise außerhalb des Flugbetriebs, also nachts stattfinden, wäre z. B. ein Nachtflugverbot wirkungslos, wenn die Schallausbreitung während des Laufs ungehindert erfolgte. Aus diesem Grunde werden Schallschutzhallen errichtet, welche die Schallausbreitung behindern. Die Halle am internationalen Flughafen in Zürich bietet Verkehrsflugzeugen bis zur Größe einer Boeing 747‐8 Raum. Bei diesem etwa 25,5 Millionen Euro teuren Bauwerk bestimmt allein die Funktion die Gestaltung. Die entwickelte Schallschutzanlage bietet neben dem Hauptzweck der Reduzierung der Schallemissionen den weiteren großen Vorteil der deutlich erhöhten Verfügbarkeit unabhängig von Witterungseinflüssen.

Put an end to the noise – New construction of a noise reduction hangar for traffic airplanes at the airport Zurich

For being able to guarantee a secure air traffic there have to be proceeded engine test runs at many airports. As most of these test runs are taking place outside of flight operations, which means at night, a ban on night flights would be useless if the sound propagation would be realized unhindered during the test. Therefore noise reduction hangars are constructed to impede the sound propagation. The hangar at the international airport Zurich offers place for traffic airplanes up to the size of a Boeing 747‐8. In the case of this approximately 25.5 million Euros expensive construction only the function determines the design. The developed noise reduction installation offers next to the main purpose of reducing the noise emission the other big advantage of significantly increased availability independent of weather conditions.
Temburong Bridge, Brunei – Design of two cable stayed bridges
Authors: Carlucci Alberto , Hooton Martin , Salim Hj Mazlan Abd , Yip Sammy , Moneypenny Kelvin , Kite Steve
Published: March 2015

The Temburong Bridge Project is a 30 km long dual two‐lane highway crossing over the Brunei Bay. It will connect the relatively isolated Brunei district of Temburong to the other three Brunei districts. The main objective of the project is to stimulate economic growth in the Temburong region by connecting it to the country's airport and ports. The alignment crosses two navigation channels resulting in the need for two cable stayed bridges – the Brunei Channel Bridge (145 m main span) and the Eastern Channel Bridge (260 m main span).

The design of these cable stayed bridges is one of the first applications of the Eurocode to a fully concrete cable stayed bridge. Both cable stayed bridges draw on strong Islamic architectural influences from the region to form a tower shape that is unique and instantly recognisable.

Temburong Brücke, Brunei – Entwurf von zwei Schrägkabelbrücken

Die Temburong Brücke ist eine 30 km lange Verbindung über die Brunei Bucht mit zwei Richtungsfahrbahnen mit je zwei Fahrstreifen. Sie wird den relativ isolierten Distrikt Temburong mit den anderen drei Distrikten Bruneis verbinden. Hauptanliegen des Projekts ist die Stimulierung von ökonomischem Wachstum in der Temburong Region, indem sie an den Flughafen und Seehafen des Landes angebunden wird. Die Trassierung erfordert die Überquerung zweier Schiffahrtsrouten. Dies wird mit der Anordnung zweier Schrägkabelbrücken ermöglicht, der Brunei Channel Brücke (145 m Hauptspannweite) und der Eastern Channel Brücke (260 m Hauptspannweite).

Die Bemessung der beiden Brücken stellt eine der ersten Anwendungen des Eurocode auf Schrägkabelbrücken mit Betonüberbau dar. Optisch sind die beiden Brücken geprägt von der islamischen Architektur der Umgebung, die Pylonform ist ein besonderes Erkennungsmerkmal der Brücken.
Prepare to handle the new world of ‘full cost of attendance’
Authors: O'Brien Timothy
Published: March 2015

In the aftermath of this year's NCAA Convention, college athletics administrators have become immersed in discussions about the financial impact of the change allowing colleges to award the full cost of attendance when structuring the financial aid packages for student‐athletes.
Increase graduation success rates by encouraging student‐athletes to reach beyond their comfort zones
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: March 2015

TODD STANSBURY, VICE PRESIDENT & AD, UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA
Development and validation of the Self‐Gifting Consumer Behaviour scale
Authors: Mortimer Gary , Bougoure Ursula Sigrid , Fazal‐E‐Hasan Syed
Published: March 2015

Self‐gifting consumer behaviour (SGCB) is on the rise as consumers seek reward and therapeutic benefits from their shopping experiences. SGCB is defined as personally symbolic, self‐communication through special indulgences, which tend to be premeditated and highly context bound. Prior research into the measurement of this growing behavioural phenomenon has been fragmented because of differences in conceptualisation. This research builds upon the prior literature and through a series of qualitative and quantitative studies, develops a valid, multidimensional measure of SGCB that will be useful for future quantitative inquiry into self‐gifting consumption. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bio‐Inspired Passive Drag Reduction Techniques: A Review
Authors: Abdulbari Hayder A. , Mahammed Hassan D. , Hassan Zulkefli B. Y.
Published: March 2015

It was believed that fluid flow and the laminar to turbulent transition delay were more easily controlled on smooth surfaces until the discovery of the grooved shark skin surface that changed the whole idea of how smooth the surface should be to have high flow in submerged surfaces. Riblets have gained renewed interest in academic fields of study and in industry due to several advantages in manipulating the turbulence boundary layer. Drag reduction using small, longitudinally grooved surface provides up to 10 % lower energy consumption in several applications. This review provides an overview of the mechanism of drag reduction with riblets, the different geometries and types, and the latest developments in drag reduction riblet technology.
Combination therapy with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 is superior for the treatment of acute lung ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Zhang Xiaomiao , Gao Fengying , Yan Yunqi , Ruan Zheng , Liu Zhenwei
Published: March 2015

Acute lung ischemia–reperfusion injury (ALIRI) is a serious disease that seriously affects human's life. In this study, we aimed to explore a more effective treatment method by combining human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) and angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for ALIRI. Fifty rats were firstly divided into five groups, namely sham surgery group (sham) and four model groups (model, ACE2, HUMSCs and HUMSCs + ACE2) that were reperfused with 0.1 ml physiological saline (PS), 0.1 ml PS containing 1 × 106 lentiviral‐ACE2/HUMSCs/ACE2 + UMSCs, respectively. Quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR (qRT‐PCR) and western blot assays were then conducted to detect the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of inflammatory cytokines [intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB), platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) and angiotensin II (Ang II)], antioxidant proteins [NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1)], DNA damage and apoptotic indicators [BCL2‐associated X (Bax), cleaved caspase‐3 (C‐Csp 3), cleaved‐poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (C‐PARP), Y‐H2AX], anti‐apoptotic indicator (Bcl‐2) and smooth muscle cell proliferation indicator [connexin 43 (Cx43)]. According to the qRT‐PCR and western results, the mRNA and protein expression levels of ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1, TNF‐α, NF‐κB, PDGF, Bax, C‐Csp 3, C‐PARP and Y‐H2AX were significantly higher in model group than those in sham group and they were significantly reduced by HUMSCs or ACE2 treatment (P < 0.05). On the contrary, Bcl‐2 showed an opposite expression trend with the previous proteins. The mRNA and protein levels of NQO1 and HO‐1 were sequentially increased in sham, model, ACE2, HUMSCs and HUMSCs + ACE2 groups. Besides, HUMSCs combined with ACE2 exhibited a better inhibition effect on ALIRI than HUMSCs or ACE2 alone (P < 0.05). In summary, HUMSCs combined with ACE2 was demonstrated to have the best therapeutic effect on ALIRI through anti‐inflammation, oxidative stress and anti‐apoptotic processes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Lignin‐Derived Bisphenols Catalyzed by Lignosulfonic Acid in Water for Polycarbonate Synthesis
Authors: Chen Qin , Huang Wei , Chen Peng , Peng Chang , Xie Haibo , Zhao Zongbao Kent , Sohail Muhammad , Bao Ming
Published: March 2015

Lignosulfonic acid, a byproduct of the paper industry, was demonstrated to be an efficient and green catalyst in water for the stoichiometric condensation of creosol with formaldehyde to synthesize lignin‐derived renewable bisphenols. The distribution and structures of the products were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy and X‐ray analysis; furthermore, a possible reaction mechanism was proposed. A polycarbonate was prepared from the bisphenol product and characterized as a model application, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that decomposition occurred in a single stage with the maximum rate of degradation at approximately 420 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that the glass transition temperature and melting peak of the polycarbonate were approximately 122 and 314 °C, respectively. The environmentally friendly characteristics of this study are featured by the integrated utilization of a biorenewable feedstock, a green biomacromolecule catalyst, and a green solvent for the preparation of valuable biochemicals and materials.
The Mechanism of CO and CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol over Cu‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Studt Felix , Behrens Malte , Kunkes Edward L. , Thomas Nygil , Zander Stefan , Tarasov Andrey , Schumann Julia , Frei Elias , Varley Joel B. , Abild‐Pedersen Frank , Nørskov Jens K. , Schlögl Robert
Published: March 2015

Methanol, an important chemical, fuel additive, and precursor for clean fuels, is produced by hydrogenation of carbon oxides over Cu‐based catalysts. Despite the technological maturity of this process, the understanding of this apparently simple reaction is still incomplete with regard to the reaction mechanism and the active sites. Regarding the latter, recent progress has shown that stepped and ZnOx‐decorated Cu surfaces are crucial for the performance of industrial catalysts. Herein, we integrate this insight with additional experiments into a full microkinetic description of methanol synthesis. In particular, we show how the presence or absence of the Zn promoter dramatically changes not only the activity, but unexpectedly the reaction mechanism itself. The Janus‐faced character of Cu with two different sites for methanol synthesis, Zn‐promoted and unpromoted, resolves the long‐standing controversy regarding the Cu/Zn synergy and adds methanol synthesis to the few major industrial catalytic processes that are described on an atomic level.
Irreversible endo‐Selective Diels–Alder Reactions of Substituted Alkoxyfurans: A General Synthesis of endo‐Cantharimides
Authors: Foster Robert W. , Benhamou Laure , Porter Michael J. , Bučar Dejan‐Krešimir , Hailes Helen C. , Tame Christopher J. , Sheppard Tom D.
Published: March 2015

The [4+2] cycloaddition of 3‐alkoxyfurans with N‐substituted maleimides provides the first general route for preparing endo‐cantharimides. Unlike the corresponding reaction with 3H furans, the reaction can tolerate a broad range of 2‐substitued furans including alkyl, aromatic, and heteroaromatic groups. The cycloaddition products were converted into a range of cantharimide products with promising lead‐like properties for medicinal chemistry programs. Furthermore, the electron‐rich furans are shown to react with a variety of alternative dienophiles to generate 7‐oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane derivatives under mild conditions. DFT calculations have been performed to rationalize the activation effect of the 3‐alkoxy group on a furan Diels–Alder reaction.
Hexametaphosphate‐Capped Silica Mesoporous Nanoparticles Containing CuII Complexes for the Selective and Sensitive Optical Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide in Water
Authors: El Sayed Sameh , Milani Michele , Licchelli Maurizio , Martínez‐Máñez Ramón , Sancenón Félix
Published: March 2015

CuII‐macrocycle functionalized hexametaphosphate‐capped silica mesoporous nanoparticles have been prepared and used for the selective and sensitive detection of hydrogen sulfide in aqueous environments. The possibility of using different metal complexes combined with different capping anions and choice of different dyes or other sensing molecules as indicators makes this new protocol highly appealing for the preparation of new sensing systems for sulfide detection in different environments.
Solvent‐Free Ball‐Milling Subcomponent Synthesis of Metallosupramolecular Complexes
Authors: Giri Chandan , Sahoo Prasit Kumar , Puttreddy Rakesh , Rissanen Kari , Mal Prasenjit
Published: March 2015

Subcomponent self‐assembly from components A, B, C, D, and Fe2+ under solvent‐free conditions by self‐sorting leads to the construction of three structurally different metallosupramolecular iron(II) complexes. Under carefully selected ball‐milling conditions, tetranuclear [Fe4(AD2)6]4− 22‐component cage 1, dinuclear [Fe2(BD2)3]2− 11‐component helicate 2, and 5‐component mononuclear [Fe(CD3)]2+ complex 3 were prepared simultaneously in a one‐pot reaction from 38 components. Through subcomponent substitution reaction by adding subcomponent B, the [Fe4(AD2)6]4− cage converts quantitatively to the [Fe2(BD2)3]2− helicate, which, in turn, upon addition of subcomponent C, transforms to [Fe(CD3)]2+, following the hierarchical preference based on the thermodynamic stability of the complexes.