bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Imperfect List of Eminent Sport and Exercise Psychology Researchers
Authors: Smolinski Allison , McIntyre Olivia , Martin Drew , Martin Jeffrey J.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the present study was to identify eminent sport and exercise psychology researchers, based on citation count, and their most highly cited papers. Men (n = 121) and women (n = 32) from 17 different countries (e.g., the United States n = 47 to Ireland n = 1) were identified. Researchers were selected if their h-index was 60 or greater for Google Scholar and Web of Science combined. This criterion reflects Hirsch’s (2005) characterization as follows based on h-index: a successful scientist (20), an outstanding scientist (40), and truly unique (60), for one database. Our criteria of 60 for two databases are equivalent to a designation halfway between successful and outstanding. The results indicate an h-index mean of 103, median of 94, mode of 105, and range of 60–346. Top-cited publications leaned toward more sport psychology than exercise psychology topics. Prominent journals included the Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology (n = 24) and Psychology of Sport and Exercise (n = 15). Other publications were in related fields (e.g., Psychology and Health). In summary, we have identified the most highly cited researchers in sport and exercise psychology and their single most-cited papers. We hope this information is of both heuristic and practical value to readers.
Bridging The Gap: Promoting Faculty Diversity to Align With Student Demographics
Authors: Malek Moh H. , Mache Melissa A. , Jerome Gerald J. , Miller Matthew W. , Aiken Christopher A.
Published: October 2024

In many kinesiology and health care science departments in the United States, there is a mismatch between the demographic composition of the student population and the faculty cohort. That is, although student populations are more diverse, the faculty cohort does not reflect this same diversity. The purpose of this paper is threefold: (a) Provide background information on the faculty–student mismatch, (b) discuss reactive strategies to increase diversity among a faculty cohort, and (c) discuss proactive strategies to increase diversity among a faculty cohort. Our approach is pragmatic and concise, which will give the reader various strategies they can incorporate to increase diversity in their faculty cohort.
SARS-CoV-2 nsp13 suppresses hepatitis B virus replication by targeting cccDNA transcription
Authors: Li Aixin , Zhao Kaitao , Duan Yurong , Zhang Bei , Zheng Yingcheng , Zhu Chengliang , Chen Qiongrong , Liu Wen-Bo , Hui Lixia , Xia Yuchen , Cheng Xiaoming
Published: October 2024

SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein 13 (nsp13) has been shown to selectively suppress the transcription of episomal DNA while sparing chromosomal DNA. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) harbors covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), a form of viral episomal DNA found within infected hepatocyte nuclei. The persistence of cccDNA is the major cause of chronic HBV infection. In this study, we investigated the impact of SARS-CoV-2 nsp13 on HBV replication, particularly in the context of cccDNA. Our findings demonstrate that nsp13 effectively hinders HBV replication by suppressing the transcription of HBV cccDNA, both
in vitro
and
in vivo
. Additionally, we observed that SARS-CoV-2 nsp13 binds to HBV cccDNA and its NTPase and helicase activities contribute significantly to inhibiting HBV replication. Furthermore, our screening identified the interaction between nsp13 and structural maintenance of chromosomes 4, opening new avenues for future mechanistic inquiries. This study presents the evidence suggesting the potential utilization of SARS-CoV-2 nsp13 as a strategy to impede HBV replication by specifically targeting cccDNA. These findings provide a proof of concept for exploring nsp13 as a prospective approach in combating HBV infection.

IMPORTANCE

To effectively combat hepatitis B virus (HBV), it is imperative to develop potent antiviral medications targeting covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). Our investigation aimed to assess the impact of SARS-CoV-2 nsp13 on HBV replication across diverse HBV models, confirming its ability to significantly reduce several HBV replication markers. Additionally, our identification of the interaction between nsp13 and SMC4 opens the door for further mechanistic exploration. This marks a paradigm shift in our approach to HBV antiviral therapy, introducing an entirely novel perspective. Our findings propose a novel strategy for developing anti-HBV drugs that specifically target HBV cccDNA.
Dosage constraint of the ribosome-associated molecular chaperone drives the evolution and fates of its duplicates in bacteria
Authors: Wan Tianyu , Zhuo Li , Pan Zhuo , Chen Rui-yun , Ma Han , Cao Ying , Wang Jianing , Wang Jing-jing , Hu Wei-feng , Lai Ya-jun , Hayat Muhammad , Li Yue-zhong
Published: October 2024

Gene duplication events happen prevalently during evolution, and the mechanisms governing the loss or retention of duplicated genes are mostly elusive. Our genome scanning analysis revealed that trigger factor (TF), the one and only bacterial ribosome-associated molecular chaperone, is singly copied in virtually every bacterium except for a very few that possess two or more copies. However, even in these exceptions, only one complete TF copy exists, while other homologs lack the N-terminal domain that contains the conserved ribosome binding site (RBS) motif. Consistently, we demonstrated that the overproduction of the N-terminal complete TF proteins is detrimental to the cell, which can be rescued by removing the N-terminal domain. Our findings also indicated that TF overproduction leads to a decrease in protein productivity and profile changes in proteome due to its characteristic ribosome binding and holdase activities. Additionally, these N-terminal deficient TF homologs in bacteria with multiple TF homologs partition the function of TF via subfunctionalization. Our results revealed that TF is subjected to a dosage constraint that originates from its own intrinsic functions, which may drive the evolution and fates of duplicated TFs in bacteria.

IMPORTANCE

Gene duplication events presumably occur in
tig
, which encodes the ribosome-associated molecular chaperone trigger factor (TF). However, TF is singly copied in virtually every bacterium, and these exceptions with multiple TF homologs always retain only one complete copy while other homologs lack the N-terminal domain. Here, we reveal the manner and mechanism underlying the evolution and fates of TF duplicates in bacteria. We discovered that the mutation-to-loss or retention-to-sub/neofunctionalization of TF duplicates is associated with the dosage constraint of N-terminal complete TF. The dosage constraint of TF is attributed to its characteristic ribosome binding and substrate-holding activities, causing a decrease in protein productivity and profile changes in cellular proteome.
Epitranscriptomic m
6
A modifications during reactivation of HIV-1 latency in CD4
+
T cells
Authors: Mishra Tarun , Phillips Stacia , Zhao Yutao , Wilms Bethany , He Chuan , Wu Li
Published: October 2024

Despite effective antiretroviral therapy reducing HIV-1 viral loads to undetectable levels, the presence of latently infected CD4
+
T cells poses a major barrier to HIV-1 cure.
N
6
-methyladenosine (m
6
A) modification of viral and cellular RNA has a functional role in regulating HIV-1 infection. m
6
A modification of HIV-1 RNA can affect its stability, translation, and splicing in cells and suppresses type-I interferon induction in macrophages. However, the function of m
6
A modification in regulating HIV-1 latency reactivation remains unknown. We used the Jurkat T cell line-derived HIV-1 latency model (J-Lat cells) to investigate changes in m
6
A levels of cellular RNA in response to latency reversal. We observed a significant increase in m
6
A levels of total cellular RNA upon reactivation of latent HIV-1 in J-Lat cells. This increase in m
6
A levels was transient and returned to steady-state levels despite continued high levels of viral gene expression in reactivated cells compared to control cells. Upregulation of m
6
A levels occurred without significant changes in the protein expression of m
6
A writers or erasers that add or remove m
6
A, respectively. Knockdown of m
6
A writers in J-Lat cells significantly reduced HIV-1 reactivation. Treatment with an m
6
A writer inhibitor reduced cellular RNA m
6
A levels, along with a reduction in HIV-1 reactivation. Furthermore, using m
6
A-specific sequencing, we identified cellular RNAs that are differentially m
6
A-modified during HIV-1 reactivation in J-Lat cells. Knockdown of identified m
6
A-modified RNA validates these results with an established primary CD4
+
T cell model of HIV-1 latency. These results show the importance of m
6
A RNA modification in HIV-1 latency reversal.

IMPORTANCE

RNA m
6
A modification is important for regulating gene expression and innate immune responses to HIV-1 infection. However, the functional significance of m
6
A modification during HIV-1 latency reactivation is unknown. To address this important question, in this study, we used established cellular models of HIV-1 latency, m
6
A-specific sequencing at single-base resolution, and functional assays. We demonstrate that HIV-1 latency reversal leads to increased levels of cellular m
6
A modification, correlates with cellular m
6
A levels, and is dependent on the catalytic activity of the m
6
A methyltransferase enzyme. We also identified cellular genes that are differentially m
6
A-modified during HIV-1 reactivation, as well as the sites of m
6
A within HIV-1 RNA. Our novel findings point toward a significant role for m
6
A modification in HIV-1 latency reversal.
Aedes aegypti
adiponectin receptor-like protein signaling facilitates Zika virus infection
Authors: Chen Tse-Yu , Marín-López Alejandro , Raduwan Hamidah , Fikrig Erol
Published: October 2024

The
Aedes aegypti
mosquito plays a critical role in the transmission of viral diseases, including Zika virus, which poses significant public health challenges. Understanding the complex interactions between mosquitoes and viruses is paramount for the development of effective control strategies. In this study, we demonstrate that silencing the
A. aegypti
adiponectin receptor-like protein (AaARLP) results in a reduction of Zika virus infection. Transcriptomic analysis identified alterations in several trypsin genes and further revealed that
AaARLP
-knockdown mosquitoes had diminished trypsin activity. Moreover, silencing of selected
trypsins
resulted in a similar delay in Zika virus infection in mosquitoes, further highlighting the connection between the AaARLP and trypsin. Overall, our findings demonstrate that AaARLP signaling is important for Zika virus infection of
A. aegypti
.

IMPORTANCE

Arboviruses pose a significant threat to public health, with mosquitoes, especially
Aedes aegypti
, being a major vector for their transmission. Gaining insight into the complex interaction between mosquitoes and viruses is essential to build successful control strategies. In this study, we identified a novel pathway connecting the
A. aegypti
adiponectin receptor-like protein and its association with trypsin, key enzymes involved in blood digestion. Furthermore, we demonstrated the significance of signaling via the adiponectin receptor-like protein in virus infection within the mosquito. Together, our discoveries illuminate mosquito metabolic pathways essential in viral infection.
Metagenomes and metagenome assembled genomes from anaerobic digesters at three Canadian pulp and paper mills
Authors: Nesbø Camilla L. , Yang Minqing Ivy , Sharan Anupama Achal , Meyer Torsten , Edwards Elizabeth A.
Published: October 2024

We present a dataset of six metagenomes and 323 metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) describing the microbial community of anaerobic digesters at three Canadian pulp and paper mills. Our objective was to assess the coding potential of the microbial community and obtain draft genomes of key organisms in the digesters.
Draft genome sequence analysis of multidrug-resistant
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Mbandaka harboring colistin resistance gene
mcr
-
9.1
isolated from foals in Kentucky, USA
Authors: Helmy Yosra A. , Kabir Ajran , Saleh Mohamed , Kennedy Laura A. , Burns Logan , Johnson Beth
Published: October 2024

Horses play a significant role in the direct or indirect transmission of
Salmonella
to humans. Here, we report the draft genomes of multidrug-resistant
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Mbandaka YAH-F68 isolated from foals in Kentucky, USA belonging to sequence type 413 and harboring the mobile colistin resistance gene
mcr
-
9.1
.
A novel method for the preparation of reproducible, stable, and non-infectious quality control materials for
Chlamydia trachomatis
nucleic acid detection
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Kuo , Han Yanxi , Peng Rongxue , Li Lin , Li Jinming , Lin Guigao
Published: October 2024

Chlamydia trachomatis
(CT) is a significant sexually transmitted pathogen known to evoke severe complications, including infertility. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are recommended by the World Health Organization to detect CT infection. Furthermore, the establishment of methods, performance validation, internal quality control, and external quality assessment for CT NAATs necessitate the utilization of quality control materials (QCs). QCs are specimens or solutions that are analyzed for quality control purposes in a test system. In this study, we established a novel cell line that stably integrates CT amplification target sequences for producing QCs for CT NAATs. Utilizing clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 technology, we integrated the CT plasmid-mediated sequence (comprising the full length of the cryptic plasmid and the major outer membrane protein gene, 9,136 bp) into the
MUC4
gene of HEK293T cells. Positive clones were screened through flow cytometric sorting, single-cell culture, and PCR-based identification, followed by the establishment of stable cell lines. These cells were then processed using optimized cell preservation procedures to prepare QCs. The sequence insertion copy number was confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR. This novel CT QCs demonstrate excellent clinical applicability, non-infectiousness, quantifiability, and stability. With an integrated sequence exceeding 9 kb in length, it offers exceptional flexibility for adapting to new kit developments. Furthermore, maintaining a well-defined copy number and stable shelf life, the QCs closely aligns with the quality control requirements of CT NAATs. This study presents an innovative method for preparing QCs for CT nucleic acid detection, making a valuable contribution to improving the performance of CT NAATs.

IMPORTANCE

Untreated CT infections impose significant burdens on individuals and communities, underscoring the importance of early and accurate testing via CT NAATs for disease control. QCs are instrumental in identifying testing process issues. Hence, we developed a cell line integrating CT-amplified target sequences as readily accessible non-infectious QCs. These QCs boast several advantages: the integration of over 9 kb of CT sequence allows for broad applicability, allowing flexible adaptation to the development of new kits. Confirming the CT sequence copy number provides a reliable basis for QC concentration preparation and kit detection limit evaluation. Optimized preservation protocol enhances QC stability during storage, facilitating convenient shipment to clinical laboratories at ambient temperatures. In summary, our novel CT QCs offer a powerful tool for improving CT NAAT performance and present a fresh perspective on QC preparation for detecting nucleic acids from intracellular parasitic pathogens.
Positive selection, genetic recombination, and intra-host evolution in novel equine coronavirus genomes and other members of the
Embecovirus
subgenus
Authors: Zehr Jordan D. , Kosakovsky Pond Sergei L. , Shank Stephen D. , McQueary Holly , Grenier Jennifer K. , Whittaker Gary R. , Stanhope Michael J. , Goodman Laura B.
Published: October 2024

There are several examples of coronaviruses in the Betacoronavirus subgenus
Embecovirus
that have jumped from an animal to the human host. Studying how evolutionary factors shape coronaviruses in non-human hosts may provide insight into the coronavirus host-switching potential. Equids, such as horses and donkeys, are susceptible to equine coronaviruses (ECoVs). With increased testing prevalence, several ECoV genome sequences have become available for molecular evolutionary analyses, especially those from the United States of America (USA). To date, no analyses have been performed to characterize evolution within coding regions of the ECoV genome. Here, we obtain and describe four new ECoV genome sequences from infected equines from across the USA presenting clinical symptoms of ECoV, and infer ECoV-specific and
Embecovirus
-wide patterns of molecular evolution. Within two of the four data sets analyzed, we find evidence of intra-host evolution within the nucleocapsid (N) gene, suggestive of quasispecies development. We also identify 12 putative genetic recombination events within the ECoV genome, 11 of which fall in ORF1ab. Finally, we infer and compare sites subject to positive selection on the ancestral branch of each major
Embecovirus
member clade. Specifically, for the two currently identified human coronavirus (HCoV) embecoviruses that have spilled from animals to humans (HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1), we find that there are 42 and 2 such sites, respectively, perhaps reflective of the more complex ancestral evolutionary history of HCoV-OC43, which involves several different animal hosts.

IMPORTANCE

The Betacoronavirus subgenus
Embecovirus
contains coronaviruses that not only pose a health threat to animals and humans, but also have jumped from animal to human host. Equids, such as horses and donkeys are susceptible to equine coronavirus (ECoV) infections. No studies have systematically examined evolutionary patterns within ECoV genomes. Our study addresses this gap and provides insight into intra-host ECoV evolution from infected horses. Further, we identify and report natural selection pattern differences between two embecoviruses that have jumped from animals to humans [human coronavirus OC43 and HKU1 (HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1, respectively)], and hypothesize that the differences observed may be due to the different animal host(s) that each virus circulated in prior to its jump into humans. Finally, we contribute four novel, high-quality ECoV genomes to the scientific community.
The development of single-domain VHH nanobodies that target the
Candida albicans
cell surface
Authors: Buda De Cesare Giuseppe , Sauer Frank M. , Kolecka Anna , Stavrou Aimilia A. , Verrips Theo C. , Boekhout Teun , Dolk Edward , Munro Carol A.
Published: October 2024

Candida albicans
causes life-threatening invasive infections that are hard to diagnose and treat, with drug resistance leading to treatment failure. The goal of this study was to develop VHH (single variable domain on a heavy chain) nanobodies to detect drug-resistant infections. Llamas were immunized with a mixture of heat killed and fixed
C. albicans
cells of different morphologies. Llama lymphocyte RNA was used to generate phage display libraries that were tested for binding to
C. albicans
cells or cell wall fractions, and single antibody domains were isolated. The libraries were panned against echinocandin-resistant
C. albicans
isolates and counter-selected against echinocandin-susceptible isolates with the aim of isolating binding domains specific for antigens on drug-resistant cells. Thirty diverse VHH nanobodies were selected, and binding characteristics were assessed via dose-response ELISA. Binding was tested against a variety of
C. albicans
isolates and other
Candida
species, indicating that the VHHs were specific for
C. albicans
. The VHH nanobodies were sorted into four distinct groups based on their binding patterns. Two of the groups bound preferentially to the yeast cell poles and hyphae, respectively. Nanobody binding to
C. albicans
deletion mutants was tested by fluorescence microscopy and ELISA to identify the antigen targets. VHH19 nanobody, belonging to the largest group, recognized the Als4 adhesin. VHH14 antibody in the hyphae-specific group recognized Als3. None of the isolated VHH nanobodies was selective for drug-resistant clinical isolates. Our data indicate that this approach can generate valuable single-domain antibodies specific to
C. albicans
proteins.

IMPORTANCE

The human fungal pathogen
Candida albicans
causes a range of diseases from superficial mucosal infections such as oral and vaginal thrush to life-threatening, systemic infections. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of these infections remains challenging, and currently, there are no rapid ways to diagnose drug-resistant infections without performing drug susceptibility testing from blood culture, which can take several days. In this proof-of-concept study, we have generated a diverse set of single domain VHH antibodies (nanobodies) from llamas that recognize and bind specifically to
C. albicans
cell surface. The nanobodies were classified into four groups based on their binding patterns, for example, cell poles or hyphae. Specific nanobodies were verified as recognizing the important adhesin Als4 or the hyphae associated invasin Als3, respectively. The data validate the approach that small VHH antibody domains hold future promise for diagnostic applications and as probes to study the fungal cell surface.
Buckling contributes to both coseismic uplift and long-term fold growth in active fold-thrust belts
Authors: Huang Kai , Chen Kejie , Wu Lei , Shi Xuhua , Wei Guoguang , Zhang Junyong , Zhang Yongshu , Yao Qi , Xiao Ancheng , Lin Xiubin , Zhang Wei , Wen Guisen , Wang Bo , Li Yanming , Chen Hanlin
Published: October 2024

Understanding the interplay among fault slip, fold growth, and earthquakes is crucial for assessing earthquake risk and deciphering the relationship between long-term and short-term deformation in fold-thrust belts. While fault-related folding theories have dominated previous studies, the role of the buckling process—characterized by bed-parallel contraction—in seismicity and fold development has been underreported. Herein, we attempt to address this issue through an examination of the 28 March 2019 M5.0 Mangya earthquake in the Shizigou anticline, western Qaidam Basin (northern Tibetan Plateau), based on 3-D seismic imaging data, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) analysis, and borehole loggings. We show that this earthquake was not caused by slip along known faults, but by interbed slip due to buckling in the limb of the anticline, demonstrating for the first time that buckling could result in moderate earthquakes. The buckling process not only leads to coseismic uplift deviating from the folding crest induced by slip on the underlying fault, but also modulates the long-term geometric growth of the Shizigou anticline. Our findings underscore the significance of the buckling process in contributing to short-term coseismic slip and long-term fold growth in active fold-thrust belts.
Supplemental Material: Genesis of high-grade lode gold shoot dominated by ore fluid overprinting during a ductile-brittle shear event
Authors: Fu Lebing , al. et
Published: October 2024

Supplemental Text S1: Analytical methods. Table S1: LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages of the Yunkai Group. Table S2: LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages of the Yunlougang Intrusion. Table S3: 40Ar/39Ar analytical data of muscovite from Stage 1 mineralization. Table S4: LA-ICP-MS trace element composition of pyrite and pyrrhotite. Table S5: Sulfur, oxygen, and lead isotope data of the Hetai goldfield. Table S6: MC-LA-ICP-MS in situ sulfur isotope data for pyrite. Table S7: Sulfur isotope compilation for sulfides from the Hetai goldfield. Table S8: Oxygen isotope compilation for quartz and muscovite from the Hetai goldfield. Table S9: Pb isotope compilation for minerals and rocks from the Hetai goldfield. Table S10: Age compilation for gold mineralization and regional structural and magmatic events. 
Running is acceptable and efficacious in adults with non-specific chronic low back pain: the ASTEROID randomised controlled trial
Authors: Neason Christopher , Samanna Claire L , Tagliaferri Scott D , Belavý Daniel L , Bowe Steve J , Clarkson Matthew J , Craige Emma A , Gollan Romina , Main Luana C , Miller Clint T , Mitchell Ulrike H , Mundell Niamh L , Scott David , Tait Jamie L , Vincent Grace E , Owen Patrick J
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Running is one of the most accessible forms of exercise, yet its suitability for adults with chronic low back pain (LBP) is unknown. This study assessed the efficacy and acceptability of running in adults with chronic LBP.

Methods

This two-arm parallel (1:1) individually randomised controlled trial allocated 40 participants (mean (SD) age: 33 (6) years, female: 50%) with non-specific chronic LBP to a 12-week intervention or waitlist control. The intervention was a progressive run–walk interval programme comprising three 30-min sessions per week that were digitally delivered and remotely supported by an exercise physiologist. Efficacy outcomes were self-reported pain intensity (100-point visual analogue scale) and disability (Oswestry Disability Index). Acceptability outcomes were attrition, adherence and adverse events.

Results

At 12-week follow-up, the intervention improved average pain intensity (mean net difference (95% CI): −15.30 (–25.33, –5.27) points, p=0.003), current pain intensity (−19.35 (–32.01, –6.69) points, p=0.003) and disability (−5.20 (–10.12, –0.24) points, P=0.038), compared with control. There was no attrition, and mean (SD) training adherence was 70% (20%; ie, 2.1 of 3 sessions per week). Nine non-serious adverse events deemed likely study-related were reported (lower limb injury/pain: n=7, syncope associated with an underlying condition: n=1, LBP: n=1).

Conclusions

A run–walk programme was considered an acceptable intervention by the participants to improve the pain intensity and disability in individuals aged 18–45 years with non-specific chronic LBP when compared with the control. An individualised and conservative run–walk programme should be considered a suitable form of physical activity for adults with chronic LBP.

Trial registration number

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12622001276741. Registered on 29 September 2022.
Impact of postpartum physical activity on cardiometabolic health, breastfeeding, injury and infant growth and development: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jones Paris A T , Moolyk Amy , Ruchat Stephanie-May , Ali Muhammad Usman , Fleming Karen , Meyer Sarah , Sjwed Talia Noel , Wowdzia Jenna B , Maier Lauren , Mottola Michelle , Sivak Allison , Davenport Margie H
Published: October 2024

Objective

To examine the relationship between postpartum physical activity and maternal postnatal cardiometabolic health, breastfeeding, injury, and infant growth and development.

Design

Systematic review with random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Data sources

Eight online databases were searched up until 12 January 2024.

Eligibility criteria

Studies of all designs in all languages were eligible (except case studies and reviews) if they contained information on the population (postpartum people), intervention (frequency, intensity, duration, volume, or type of exercise, alone (‘exercise-only’) or in combination with other intervention components (eg, dietary; ‘exercise+co-intervention’), comparator (no or low volumes of physical activity), and outcomes: hypertension, diabetes, cardiometabolic risk factors (systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, and triglycerides, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), glucose and insulin concentration), breastfeeding (breast milk quality and volume), infant growth (length and weight) and development, or postpartum injury.

Results

46 unique studies (n=8766 participants) from 20 countries were included. Moderate certainty of evidence showed exercise+co-interventions reduced the odds of developing diabetes by 28% (7 randomised controlled trials (RCTs), n=2496; OR 0.72 95% CI 0.54, 0.98, I212%), reduced SBP (10 RCTs, n=2753; mean difference (MD) −2.15 95% CI −3.89 to –0.40, I273%) and DBP (9 RCTs, n=2575; MD −1.38 95% CI −2.60 to –0.15, I266%) compared with controls. Infant growth and development, breast milk quality and quantity, and risk of injury were not different between exercise and control groups.

Conclusions

Physical activity improves cardiometabolic health without adversely impacting breast milk supply or quality, infant growth or maternal injury.
Suicide and self-injury-related emergency department visits and homelessness among adults 25–64 years old from 2016 to 2021 in the USA
Authors: Giannouchos Theodoros , Mehmood Gahssan , Yue Dahai
Published: October 2024

Background

Despite pronounced increases in homelessness and mental health problems in the USA over the past decade, further exacerbated during the pandemic, and the higher prevalence of mental health conditions among individuals experiencing homelessness, no study has examined trends in self-injury-related ED visits by individuals experiencing homelessness using up-to-date nationwide data. To address this gap, we aimed to investigate the association of self-injury-related ED visits with homelessness and to examine trends in these ED visits by individuals experiencing homelessness.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective secondary data analysis using a nationally representative sample of ED visits by adults aged 25–64 years in the USA from the 2016–2021 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. We examined whether intentional self-injury-related ED visits and hospitalisations resulting from an ED visit were associated with homeless status using survey-weighted multivariable generalised linear regression models and whether trends in such visits changed over the study period.

Results

Our analysis covered 419.4 million ED visits from 2016 to 2021. Individuals experiencing homelessness constituted 1.8% (7.4 million) of ED visits. Overall, 1.8% of ED visits (7.7 million) were related to intentional self-injuries. Nearly 1 in every 10 ED visits (9.6%) by individuals experiencing homelessness were related to self-injuries, compared with 1.7% among housed counterparts (p<0.001). The adjusted incidence rate ratio for self-injury-related ED visits was 3.14 (95% CI 2.05 to 4.83) for individuals experiencing homelessness compared with housed individuals. Finally, individuals experiencing homelessness accounted for 12.0% and 11.7% of self-injury-related ED visits in 2020 and 2021, respectively (pandemic years), compared with an average of 8.4% in the previous years.

Conclusion

Among adults aged 25–64 years, experiencing homelessness was significantly associated with self-injury-related ED visits, and an increase in the rate of such visits among individuals experiencing homelessness was observed during 2020 and 2021. Future studies should assess longer-term trends in these visits and explore interventions to address the societal, health and mental healthcare needs in order to improve the health outcomes of these marginalised individuals.
Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of amoebiasis
Authors: Cooney Joseph , Siakavellas Spyros I , Chiodini Peter L , Mahadeva Ula , Godbole Gauri , Pollok Richard CG , Smith Philip J
Published: October 2024

With increasing international travel and migration, tropical and infectious diseases once largely confined to specialist institutes now present more widely. Amoebiasis is a potentially dangerous example since it may closely mimic the presentation of inflammatory bowel disease. Misdiagnosis and treatment with immunosuppressants can result in fulminant amoebiasis and death. This review considers the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of intestinal and extraintestinal amoebiasis. It is written primarily for gastroenterologists, surgeons and acute physicians.
Air pollution and respiratory health in patients with COPD: should we focus on indoor or outdoor sources?
Authors: Evangelopoulos Dimitris , Zhang Hanbin , Chatzidiakou Lia , Walton Heather , Katsouyanni Klea , Jones Roderic L , Quint Jennifer K , Barratt Benjamin
Published: October 2024

Introduction

While associations between ambient air pollution and respiratory health in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are well studied, little is known about individuals’ personal exposure to pollution and associated health effects by source.

Aim

To separate measured total personal exposure into indoor-generated and outdoor-generated pollution and use these improved metrics in health models for establishing more reliable associations with exacerbations and respiratory symptoms.

Methods

We enrolled a panel of 76 patients with COPD and continuously measured their personal exposure to particles and gaseous pollutants and location with portable monitors for 134 days on average. We collected daily health information related to respiratory symptoms through diary cards and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Mixed-effects models were applied to quantify the relationship between total, indoor-generated and outdoor-generated personal exposures to pollutants with exacerbation and symptoms occurrence and PEF.

Results

Exposure to nitrogen dioxide from both indoor and outdoor sources was associated with exacerbations and respiratory symptoms. We observed an increase of 33% (22%–45%), 19% (12%–18%) and 12% (5%–20%) in the odds of exacerbation for an IQR increase in total, indoor-generated and outdoor-generated exposures. For carbon monoxide, health effects were mainly attributed to indoor-generated pollution. While no associations were observed for particulate matter2.5with COPD exacerbations, indoor-generated particles were associated with a significant decrease in PEF.

Conclusions

Indoor-generated and outdoor-generated pollution can deteriorate COPD patients’ health. Policy-makers, physicians and patients with COPD should note the importance of decreasing exposure equally to both source types to decrease risk of exacerbation.
Platelet aggregates in lung capillaries in severely decompensated pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Miard Camille , de Montpreville Vincent Thomas , Bernaudin Jean-François , Adam Julien , Djediat Chakib , Stephan Francois
Published: October 2024

The mechanism of thrombocytopenia during acute pulmonary hypertension (PH) decompensation may be partly due to platelet aggregation in the lung. Platelet aggregates in explanted lung from 16 lung transplant patients during acute PH decompensation with and without thrombocytopenia were identified by immunohistochemistry. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed. 7 explant lung controls without PH and thrombocytopenia were also examined. Compared with controls, the median number of platelet aggregates was higher in patients with acute PH decompensation with thrombocytopenia (19.4 [IQR 3.4–38.3] vs 147.5 [IQR 26.5–203.2]). SEM showed capillaries filled with platelet aggregates. Our study suggests that platelets may aggregate in the lungs during acute PH decompensation.
Nd isotope mapping in the Go Home region of Georgian Bay: a misunderstood key to the geology of the Central Gneiss Belt, Grenville Province of Ontario
Authors: Dickin Alan
Published: October 2024

The Georgian Bay transect forms an important geological section across the deeply exhumed Central Gneiss Belt of the Ontario Grenville Province. Its geological mapping was one of Nick Culshaw’s major research contributions, but the tectonic structure of the southern part of this transect in the Go Home region was never properly established. New Nd isotope data show that the classically recognized Go Home domain should be divided into three structural “decks” with distinct TDM (depleted mantle) Nd model ages. The upper deck consists of the Pine Island and Honey Harbour domains, with TDM ages averaging 1.56 and 1.57 Ga, respectively, which form two isolated units of the Grenvillian allochthonous belt. These are underlain by the newly-recognized Six Mile Lake domain, whose average TDM age of 1.71 Ga is representative of the tectonic duplex entrained elsewhere onto the base of the allochthon. Finally, the lowermost deck yields an average TDM age of 1.87 Ga, which identifies it as part of the Grenvillian parautochthon, exposed here in a tectonic window. The presence of a large retrogressed eclogite body within the allochthonous Honey Harbour domain confirms the exhumation of this unit from the deep crust on a major structural ramp. The coherent boundaries of these domains are consistent with the ramp–flat thrusting model of the Ottawan (Grenvillian) orogeny and limit the action of later extensional tectonics in the southwest Grenville Province.
Evaluation of taper measurement schemes for modeling stem profiles: a case study of two conifer species
Authors: Zhang Zipeng , He Pei , Wang Junjie , Xin Shidong , Jiang Lichun
Published: October 2024

Taper models have been widely used and treated as the primary means of calculating tree volume. However, constructing taper models is challenging in practice due to the high cost and time involved in measuring stem diameters. Therefore, we designed 20 new taper measurement schemes that increase the stem diameter measurement interval (diameter above breast height) by two to five times. The taper models were evaluated by predicting stem diameter, volume, and merchantable height of two conifer species ( Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and Larix gmelinii) in Northeastern China. Results showed that the variable-exponent taper model of Kozak (2004) performed best for both species, while diameters can be measured every 2 m above 4 m. In addition, for both species, reducing the diameter measurement required for modeling by one-third to one-half does not increase the error in predicting the entire stem profile. This study will provide additional insights for collecting taper measurement data through traditional destructive sampling.
Holistic management approach for social-ecological systems in Iran
Authors: Kolahi Mahdi , Abdollahzadeh Amir Hossein , Noori Roohollah
Published: October 2024

Social-ecological systems (SESs) in Iran face escalating challenges and pressures due to a multitude of environmental and social factors, such as global warming, population growth, and unsustainable resources management practices. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the historical context and evolution of SESs in Iran and examines the current challenges and pressures confronting these systems. The methods utilized include literature review, case studies, framework development, analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, integration of feedback, and Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) framework analysis. We also discuss opportunities for enhancing resilience and sustainability in the country’s SESs, including case studies of successful management approaches. This analysis highlights the urgent need for integrated and interdisciplinary approaches to manage SES in Iran, including with community engagement and inclusive participation. Our findings develop and recommend a holistic management approach that can effectively respond to changing social and ecological conditions over time. The suggested holistic management approach involves various processes and aspects, such as stakeholder engagement, baseline data collection and monitoring, scenario planning, adaptive management strategies, and evaluation. Overall, this paper provides a valuable resource for different stakeholders, especially researchers and policymakers interested in the management of SESs in Iran and offers insights to other neighboring nations encountering similar challenges in their SESs.
A first determination of the strong coupling $$\alpha _S$$ at approximate $$\textrm{N}^3$$LO order in a global PDF fit
Authors: Cridge T. , Harland-Lang L. A. , Thorne R. S.
Published: October 2024

We present the first determination of the value of the strong coupling via a simultaneous global fit of the proton parton distribution functions (PDFs) at approximate $$\textrm{N}^3$$

N
3

LO (a$$\textrm{N}^3$$

N
3

LO) order in QCD. This makes use of the MSHT global PDF fitting framework, and in particular the recent theoretical advances t l;;mhat allow a PDF fit to now be performed at this order. The value of the strong coupling is found to be $$\alpha _{S}(M_Z^2)(\mathrm{aN^3LO}) = 0.1170 \pm 0.0016$$

α
S

(

M
Z
2

)

(

aN
3

LO

)

=
0.1170
±
0.0016

. This is in excellent agreement with the NNLO value of $$ \alpha _{S}(M_Z^2)(\textrm{NNLO}) = 0.1171 \pm 0.0014$$

α
S

(

M
Z
2

)

(
NNLO
)

=
0.1171
±
0.0014

, indicating that good perturbative convergence has been found. The resulting uncertainties, calculated using the MSHT dynamic tolerance procedure, are somewhat larger, but more accurate, at a$$\textrm{N}^3$$

N
3

LO, due to the missing higher order theoretical uncertainties that are included at this order, but not at NNLO. We in addition present a detailed breakdown of the individual dataset sensitivity to the value of the strong coupling, with special focus on the impact of fitting dijet rather than inclusive jet data. This choice is found to have a non-negligible impact, but with overall good consistency found, especially at a$$\textrm{N}^3$$

N
3

LO.
Release note: VBFNLO 3.0
Authors: Baglio Julien , Campanario Francisco , Chen Tinghua , Dietrich-Siebert Heiko , Figy Terrance , Kerner Matthias , Kubocz Michael , Le Duc Ninh , Löschner Maximilian , Plätzer Simon , Rauch Michael , Rosario Ivan , Roth Robin , Zeppenfeld Dieter
Published: October 2024

Vbfnlo is a flexible parton level Monte Carlo program for the simulation of vector boson fusion (VBF), QCD-induced single and double vector boson production plus two jets, and double and triple vector boson production (plus jet) in hadronic collisions at next-to-leading order (NLO) in the strong coupling constant, as well as Higgs boson plus two and three jet production via gluon fusion at the one-loop level. For the new version – Version 3.0 – several major enhancements have been included. An interface according to the Binoth Les Houches Accord (BLHA) has been added for all VBF and di/tri-boson processes including fully leptonic decays. For all dimension-8 operators affecting vector boson scattering (VBS) processes, a modified T-matrix unitarization procedure has been implemented. Several new production processes have been added, namely the VBS $$Z\gamma jj$$

Z
γ
j
j

and $$\gamma \gamma jj$$

γ
γ
j
j

processes at NLO, $$\gamma \gamma jj $$

γ
γ
j
j

, WWj and ZZj production at NLO including the loop-induced gluon-fusion contributions and the gluon-fusion one-loop induced $$\varPhi jjj$$

Φ
j
j
j

($$\varPhi $$
Φ
is a CP-even or CP-odd scalar boson) process at LO, retaining the full top-mass dependence. Finally, the code has been parallelized using Openmpi.
Ginzburg–Landau approach to the Gross–Neveu model: success and failure
Authors: Choudhary Lalita , Ahmed Anees
Published: October 2024

The phase diagram of the Gross–Neveu model in 1+1 dimensions is studied using Ginzburg–Landau expansion. It predicts several features of the exact phase diagram correctly even at low orders. It is shown that increasing the order of the expansion improves the accuracy of the crystal phase except for very small temperatures, where the expansion completely fails regardless of the order of the expansion. The source of this behaviour seems to be related to the Silver-Blaze phenomenon.
Finite distance effects on the Hellings–Downs curve in modified gravity
Authors: Domènech Guillem , Tsabodimos Apostolos
Published: October 2024

There is growing interest in the overlap reduction function in pulsar timing array observations as a probe of modified gravity. However, current approximations to the Hellings–Downs curve for subluminal gravitational wave propagation, say $$v<1$$

v
<
1

, diverge at small angular pulsar separation. In this paper, we find that the overlap reduction function for the $$v<1$$

v
<
1

case is sensitive to finite distance effects. First, we show that finite distance effects introduce an effective cut-off in the spherical harmonics decomposition at $$\ell \sim \sqrt{1-v^2} \, kL$$

ℓ
∼

1
-

v
2

k
L

, where $$\ell $$
ℓ
is the multipole number, k the wavenumber of the gravitational wave and L the distance to the pulsars. Then, we find that the overlap reduction function in the small angle limit approaches a value given by $$\pi kL\,v^2\,(1-v^2)^2$$

π
k
L

v
2

(
1
-

v
2

)

2

times a normalization factor, exactly matching the value for the autocorrelation recently derived. Although we focus on the $$v<1$$

v
<
1

case, our formulation is valid for any value of v.
2D-Generating Surfaces in a Quartic Hamiltonian System with Three Degrees of Freedom – II
Authors: Katsanikas Matthaios , Montoya Francisco Gonzalez , Wiggins Stephen
Published: October 2024

In earlier research, we developed two techniques designed to expand the construction of a periodic orbit dividing surface for Hamiltonian systems with three or more degrees of freedom. Our methodology involved transforming a periodic orbit into a torus or cylinder, thereby elevating it to a higher-dimensional structure within the energy surface (refer to [ Katsanikas & Wiggins , 2021a , 2021b , 2023a , 2023b ]). Recently, we introduced two new methods for creating dividing surfaces, which do not rely on periodic orbits. Instead, we used 2D surfaces (geometric entities) or 3D surfaces in a Hamiltonian system with three degrees of freedom (see [ Katsanikas & Wiggins , 2024a , 2024b , 2024c ]). In these studies, we applied these surfaces within a quadratic normal-form Hamiltonian system with three degrees of freedom. This series of two papers (this paper and [ Katsanikas et al. ,  2024 ]) extends our results to 2D-generating surfaces for quartic Hamiltonian systems with three degrees of freedom. This paper focuses on presenting the second method of constructing 2D-generating surfaces.
INTERACTIVE DYNAMICS OF Ca2+ AND ATP REGULATING ADP AND INSULIN SECRETION IN A β-CELL
Authors: VAISHALI  , ADLAKHA NEERU
Published: October 2024

Calcium ([Formula: see text]) signaling is reported as a critical factor in the insulin secretion mechanism of pancreatic [Formula: see text]-cells. Further, calcium signaling also has interactions with other similar signaling systems like adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to achieve the functions of [Formula: see text]-cells. Disturbances in any of these two interactive signaling systems can cause disorders in the secretion mechanism of insulin, leading to the onset of type-2 diabetes. Therefore, this paper presents a one-dimensional spatio-temporal mathematical model designed to explore the dynamic interactions between ATP and [Formula: see text] within a pancreatic [Formula: see text]-cell. The model under consideration comprises a set of nonlinear reaction–diffusion equations governing the behavior of [Formula: see text] and ATP. The formulation of the initial and boundary conditions takes into account the physical and physiological factors associated with the [Formula: see text]-cell. Further, the model also incorporates adenosine diphosphate (ADP) production due to the hydrolysis of ATP and [Formula: see text]-dependent insulin secretion of the [Formula: see text]-cell. The numerical results are acquired through the utilization of the finite element method. The time derivative terms are resolved through the utilization of the Crank–Nicolson method. The various glycemic states caused by variational impacts of system parameters are demonstrated.