bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Central nervous system diseases of cattle in Georgia, 2001–2017
Authors: Clarke Lorelei L. , Hawkins Ian K. , Rissi Daniel R.
Published: June 2019

In a review of 159 archived bovine autopsy cases submitted to the Georgia Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System from 2001 to 2017, we evaluated histologic lesions and other laboratory test results in cases diagnosed with central nervous system (CNS) disease to determine the most common disorders and the rate of definitive morphologic and etiologic diagnosis within the population. The most common breed was Aberdeen Angus or Angus (31%), and female animals comprised 60% of the overall submissions. Gross anatomic changes were described in 33% of cases that had histologic lesions. Suppurative meningoencephalitis was the most common diagnosis (28% of cases overall) and was frequently associated with bacterial sepsis. Lymphocytic meningoencephalitis without an identified etiology was diagnosed in 17% of cases. Polioencephalomalacia was the most commonly identified noninfectious diagnosis (17%). Hydrocephalus was the most common CNS comorbidity and potential congenital defect. Identification of specific agents was sporadic, and infectious disease testing was largely dependent on fluorescent antibody testing, almost all of which were negative. Our findings indicate the common differential diagnoses for cattle with neurologic signs in the southeastern United States, as well the need for a well-defined, methodical diagnostic approach, including autopsy, histology, and appropriate additional laboratory testing.
The influence of prescriptive norms and negative externalities on bribery decisions in the lab
Authors: Senci Carlos Maximiliano , Hasrun Hipólito , Moro Rodrigo , Freidin Esteban
Published: June 2019

In most bribery games in the literature, there is no mention of rights and duties associated to participants’ roles. Authors have hitherto relied on loaded frames, negative externalities, and the possibility of sanctions to implicitly signal prescriptive norms. We argue that participants’ interpretation of these factors may not be univocal. In this study, a participant in the role of a common citizen either did or did not acquire the right to obtain a monetary benefit and could offer a bribe to an associated participant in the role of public official. This participant, in turn, had an explicit duty of providing the benefit only if the citizen acquired the right to it. Conditions with/without the acquisition of the right were crossed with the presence/absence of negative externalities associated with transgressions of the official’s duty. One last (fifth) condition mimicked other bribery games in the literature which rely on loaded frames and negative externalities but no information on rights and duties. We found that both the presence of externalities and information about rights were effective bribery deterrents, and that bribe offers and acceptances were most discouraged with their synergic effect. Interestingly, officials followed prescriptive information even when it was inefficient to do so (when there were no externalities), and implied choosing against their material self-interest (by rejecting a bribe), and not reciprocating bribe offers. We conclude by highlighting the limits of making generalizations from results without explicit normative information and the relevance of present findings as anti-corruption behavioral insights.
We Challenge You to Join the Movement: From Discourse to Critical Voice
Authors: Edmondson Brandy S. , Edmondson Vickie Cox , Adams Jann , Barnes Jodi
Published: June 2019

Despite the advances made since the civil rights era, racial and ethnic differences are still salient and politically divisive in the United States. Businesses increasingly have diversity, equity, and inclusion goals and business management faculty can play an important role in helping them achieve those goals. In this article, we argue that businesspersons, especially leaders of enterprises that have diversity, equity, and inclusion goals and the faculty who educate them, have a responsibility to help identify issues regarding, and solutions to, some of the world’s most pressing problems and can do so through consciousness-raising experiences aimed at helping their students develop a critical voice that signals they are more likely to contribute to a respectful and productive work environment. Five illustrative scenarios are set forth as consciousness-raising experiences that faculty members can draw on as tools to prepare students to use their critical voice as socially and culturally conscious future organizational leaders. Although the scenarios can be applied to multiple causes, we offer the Black Lives Matter movement, a social justice movement that has gained global attention, as a frame for this discussion.
The Association of Social Influences, Modeling Behavior, Self-Efficacy, and Communication With Teenage Pregnancies Among School Students in South Africa
Authors: Naidoo Saloshni , Taylor Myra
Published: June 2019

A better understanding of the social influences, self-efficacy, and communication with parents, peers, and teachers associated with teenage pregnancy is required owing to the consequences of teenage pregnancy. This article aimed to determine the prevalence of teenage pregnancy and to understand the association between social influences, self-efficacy, and communication about teenage pregnancies, among high school students in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Grade 11 students at 20 randomly selected schools in two districts completed an anonymous questionnaire on sociodemographics, social influences, self-efficacy communication, and teenage pregnancy. Teenage pregnancy was associated with age, being female, and exposure to communication discouraging pregnancy. Students living with both parents, or where family and peers believed that the adolescents should abstain from sex, or who experienced positive social pressure discouraging pregnancy were unlikely to have had a pregnancy. This study identified sociodemographic and sociobehavioral influences associated with teenage pregnancy that can assist school nurses in their work.
Application of Indirect Linkage Analysis for Carrier Detection of Hemophilia A in Kurdistan Region of Iraq: Usefulness of Intron 18 BclI T>A, Intron 19 HindIII C>T, and IVS7 nt27 G>A Markers
Authors: Abdulqader Aveen M. Raouf , Rachid Shwan , Mohammed Ali Ibrahim , Mahmood Sarwar Noori
Published: June 2019

Hemophilia A (HA) is the most common congenital X-linked coagulopathy caused by mutations in the factor VIII gene. One in 5000 to 10 000 male persons worldwide suffer from HA. It is the archetype of high-cost, low-volume disease. Therefore, identification of carriers is crucial to avoid the birth of affected males. Tracking of the defective X chromosome through indirect linkage analysis represents the most practical method for screening for carriers in developing countries. In this study, 227 individuals from 41 families with HA and 100 normal participants were recruited from the Kurdistan region of Iraq and evaluated for intron 18 BclI, intron 19 HindIII, and IVS7 nt 27 markers by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct sequencing. Among the studied women, 49%, 42%, and 14% were discovered to be heterozygous for BclI, HindIII, and IVS7 markers, respectively. Using BclI, HindIII, and IVS7 markers, 56%, 46%, and 17% of the families were informative, respectively. The combined informativity of these polymorphic sites reaches 66%. The current study illustrates the effectiveness of the BclI and HindIII markers for the diagnosis of HA carriers among the Iraqi Kurdish population.
On the Road to Social Death: A Grounded Theory Study of the Emotional and Social Effects of Honor Killing on Families—A Palestinian Perspective
Authors: Khatib Salam , Edge Dawn , Speed Shaun
Published: June 2019

Despite high rates of domestic violence and increased rates of honor killing (HK) over the past decade, there is a paucity of empirical data about how HK affects family members. This study used grounded theory to explore the emotional and social effects of HK on 23 family members of murdered women and found that HK failed to achieve the restoration of honor. Following HK, families subsequently entered a protracted process of grief compounded by negative social interactions, which led to a form of “social death.” The road to social death was a painful and continuous social process, which, for many, never abated.
Psychosocial Mediators Between Intimate Partner Violence and Alcohol Abuse in Low-Income African American Women
Authors: Watson-Singleton Natalie N. , Florez Ivonne Andrea , Clunie Amber M. , Silverman Andrew L. , Dunn Sarah E. , Kaslow Nadine J.
Published: June 2019

Intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure can increase alcohol use. Although African Americans use less alcohol compared with European Americans, African American women experience disparate rates of IPV, potentially intensifying their alcohol abuse. We used data from 171 African American women to test if IPV was related to alcohol abuse and if psychosocial factors—loneliness, embarrassment, fear of harm, hope, social support, childcare needs, and finances—mediated this link. IPV and alcohol abuse were related, and several factors were related to either IPV or alcohol abuse. Social support was related to both, and it mediated the IPV–alcohol abuse link, explaining women’s alcohol abuse relating to IPV.
Dacryocystorhinostomy: Evolution of endoscopic techniques after 498 cases
Authors: Trimarchi Matteo , Giordano Resti Antonio , Vinciguerra Alessandro , Danè Giulia , Bussi Mario
Published: June 2019

Introduction:

Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy is a well-known surgical practice used to treat nasolacrimal duct obstruction and widely considered as a valid alternative to external approaches.

Purpose:

We present a retrospective case series of 498 endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomies on 401 patients, from July 2004 to May 2018, at the Department of Otolaryngology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.

Methods:

Of the 498 procedures, 426 were unilateral and 72 were bilateral dacryocystorhinostomy. All patients underwent routine preoperative workup including fluorescein test (Jones test 1–2), probing and irrigation of the lacrimal way, nasal endoscopy, and maxilla-facial computed tomography scan. Surgical technique was based on nasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy followed by positioning of a Catalano’s silicone stent, which was left in place for about 3 months. Anatomical success was defined as a patent ostium on irrigation, whereas functional success was defined as free lacrimal flow on functional test and resolution of epiphora.

Results:

Anatomic success was achieved in 91.54% cases in primary dacryocystorhinostomy and in 89.36% after revision, whereas functional success was obtained in 90.4% in primary and 85.1% in secondary dacryocystorhinostomies. After a second revision of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy, anatomical success was achieved in 90.1% and functional success in 88.7% of procedures.

Conclusion:

Our results confirm that endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy can be considered as a valid surgical approach to primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction and revision cases. The key aspects in achieving functional and anatomical results are meticulous surgical procedure and precise follow-up.
Functional acetabular retroversion syndrome: description of a specific sub-type of FAI and results of treatment with minimally invasive PAO
Authors: Wyatt Michael C , Smith Christian , Zavareh Ali , Pfluger Dominik , Bankes Marcus JK
Published: June 2019

Introduction:

Acetabular retroversion syndrome is associated with pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and results, theoretically, from an externally rotated hemipelvis. The purpose of this study was to examine our surgical experience and the clinical results of functional acetabular retroversion syndrome treated with minimally-invasive periacetabular osteotomy (PAO).

Methods:

We performed a retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data in consecutive patients who had an anteverting PAO from 01 November 2010 to 31 December 2015. All patients were followed up clinically and radiologically. Functional scores were ascertained using pre- and postoperative iHOT-12 and EQ-5D. The effect of hypermobility, smoking status and body mass index (BMI) on outcome measures was evaluated.

Results:

31 anteverting PAOs were performed on 27 consecutive patients. All patients were female. The mean age was 26.7 years (SD 6.7). The mean BMI was 25.8 kg/m2 (SD 5.1). 5 patients were smokers (16.1%) and 11 exhibited signs of generalised joint laxity. 23 hips had undergone prior hip arthroscopy and 1 patient had previous open FAI surgery. The minimum clinical follow-up was 2 years (mean 3.4 years; range 2–7 years). A crossover sign was present in all cases. The mean iHOT-12 score improved from 19.5 to 51 at 6 months, 64.5 at 1 year and 48 at 2 years following surgery ( p < 0.05) EQ-5D improved from 0.42 preoperatively to 0.76 at 6 months and 0.69 at 1 year following surgery ( p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

We have characterised functional acetabular retroversion syndrome (FARS) as a condition affecting young, active females which severe symptoms out of proportion to demonstrable radiographic pathology.
Following Chemotherapy: Serum Cytokine (Tumor Necrosis Factor, Interleukin-2, Interleukin-11), Immunoglobulin, Complement, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels, and the Systemic Symptoms like Capillary Leak Syndrome
Authors: Keskin Havva , Cadirci Kenan , Demirkazik Ahmet , Akbulut Hakan , Yalcin Bulent
Published: June 2019

Several problems such as myalgia, arthralgia, fever, dyspnea, generalized edema, and pleural effusion can occur in cancer patients following the chemotherapy, especially at the first cycle of the first chemotherapy treatment. Although it is assumed that some cytokines are associated with the development of these symptoms and signs, their pathophysiology has not been discovered completely yet. They are usually mild, but they may rarely progress to the severe stage of “Systemic Capillary Leak Syndrome” with a high mortality rate. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-11 (IL-11), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and these symptoms and signs. A total of 44 cancer patients who had neither heart, lung, liver, renal, or thyroid disease were recruited into this study. Their symptoms and signs were examined and questioned before the first cycle of the first chemotherapy treatment and the 24 h after this chemotherapy. All participant’s serum samples were taken, and the VEGF, TNF, IL-2, and IL-11 levels were studied. There was no association between the chemotherapeutic drugs, and the symptoms and signs such as edema, dyspnea, coughing, and flu-like symptoms. There was a significant decrease in IL-11 levels in the other treatment group compared with the group receiving paclitaxel, docetaxel, gemcitabine, and vinorelbine in the first day following chemotherapy ( P = .006). However, no relation was observed between the symptoms and signs, the response to the chemotherapy, and the serum levels of VEGF, TNF, IL-2, and IL-11. These symptoms and life-threatening syndrome have been a current topic between the clinicians. Although some drugs and mediators are accused, its pathophysiology has not been discovered completely yet. In this study, we could not detect any association between the symptoms, signs, and the cytokine levels following the chemotherapy.
Resilience in physical education: A qualitative exploration of protective factors
Authors: Tudor Kate , Sarkar Mustafa , Spray Christopher M
Published: June 2019

Resilience refers to findings that some individuals have good outcomes despite exposure to stressors, and protective factors are defined as influences that alter a person’s response to such stressors. Academic resilience research identifies factors that promote positive educational outcomes; however, no research to date investigates student resilience in the unique context of physical education. The current study sought to explore protective factors that alter secondary school students’ responses to the common stressors associated with physical education participation. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with six teachers and 54 students, and transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. In line with the conceptualisation of protective factors, higher-order themes of individual assets and environmental factors were identified. Individual assets included personality, cognitive factors (e.g. value of physical education activities) and behavioural factors (e.g. attending extra-curricular activities). Environmental factors included teacher and peer support and the relative importance of physical education promoted by the school and parents.
Strengthening behavioral clinical trials with online qualitative research methods
Authors: Bouchard Karen , Tulloch Heather
Published: June 2019

Qualitative methods are integral to the systematic development of effective health behavioral interventions, as noted in recent translational models, such as the Obesity-Related Behavioral Intervention Trials model. To our knowledge, however, no scholarly literature describes how online qualitative research methods can be used to benefit the development and conduct of behavioral clinical trials. We emphasize the value of qualitative methodologies to behavioral clinical trial research more broadly and provide an introductory overview of online qualitative research methods. We highlight the specific affordances of these methods in maximizing the quality of behavioral clinical trials as well as note their potential limitations. Finally, we argue that online qualitative research methods ought to be incorporated in behavioral trial development and call for future research in this area.
Perceptions of HIV-related trauma in people living with HIV in Zimbabwe’s Friendship Bench Program: A qualitative analysis of counselors’ and clients’ experiences
Authors: Verhey Ruth , Chibanda Dixon , Vera Aquila , Manda Ethel , Brakarsh Jonathan , Seedat Soraya
Published: June 2019

This study investigated the experience of lay health workers (LHWs) delivering problem-solving therapy (PST) for common mental disorders (CMD) as well as clients’ views of the PST program referred to as the Friendship Bench (FB). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with LHWs (n = 5) and clients living with HIV (PLWH) (n = 10). Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. LHWs described a severe form of CMD amongst PLWH with a history of trauma, naming it kufungisisa kwe njodzi (excessive thinking due to trauma), a local cultural equivalent of PTSD. The term kufungisisa (thinking too much) has been used as the local equivalent for CMD. Trauma or njodzi was seen both as a circumscribed event and as linked to ongoing pervasive experiences such as living with HIV, stigma, and poverty. Although LHWs recognized symptoms of PTSD such as intrusion, avoidance, and hyper-arousal, they did not know how to address these specifically and chose to address them as a severe form of kufungisisa. There is a need to integrate aspects of PTSD management within care packages for CMD delivered by LHWs.
Causal attribution for mental illness in Cuba: A thematic analysis
Authors: Nohr Laura , Steinhäuser Theresa , Ruiz Alexis Lorenzo , Ferrer Juan Emilio Sandoval , Lersner Ulrike von
Published: June 2019

Explanatory models (EMs) for illness are highly relevant for patients, and they are also important for clinical diagnoses and treatment. EMs serve to capture patients' personal illness narratives and can help reveal how culture influences these narratives. While much research has aimed to understand EMs in the Western hemisphere, less research has been done on other cultures. Therefore, we investigated local causal attributions for mental illness in Cuba because of its particular history and political system. Although Cuban culture shares many values with Latin American cultures because of Spanish colonization, it is unique because of its socialist political and economic context, which might influence causal attributions. Thus, we developed a qualitative interview outline based on the Clinical Ethnographic Interview and administered interviews to 14 psychiatric patients in Havana. We conducted a thematic analysis to identify repeated patterns of meaning. Six patterns of causal attribution for mental illness were identified: (1) Personal shortcomings, (2) Family influences, (3) Excessive demands, (4) Cultural, economic, and political environment in Cuba, (5) Physical causes, and (6) Symptom-related explanations. In our sample, we found general and Cuba-specific patterns of causal attributions, whereby the Cuba-specific themes mainly locate the causes of mental illness outside the individual. These findings might be related to Cubans' socio-centric personal orientation, the cultural value of familismo and common daily experiences within socialist Cuban society. We discuss how the findings may be related to social stigma and help-seeking behavior.
Acts of digital parasitism: Hacking, humanitarian apps and platformisation
Authors: Aradau Claudia , Blanke Tobias , Greenway Giles
Published: June 2019

The opacity of digital technologies has posed significant challenges for critical research and digital methods. In response, controversy mapping, reverse engineering and hacking have been key methodological devices to grapple with opacity and ‘open the black box’ of digital ecosystems. We take recent developments in digital humanitarianism and the accelerated production of apps for refugees following the 2015 Mediterranean refugee crisis as a site of methodological experimentation to advance hacking as critical methodological interference. Drawing on the work of Michel Serres, we propose to understand digital technologies as ‘parasitic’ and reconceptualise hacking as ‘acts of digital parasitism’. Acts of digital parasitism are interferences that work alongside rather than work against. On one hand, this reworking of hacking advances an agenda for digital methods through reworking hacking for digital humanities and social science research. On the other, it allows us to show how the object of research – humanitarian apps – is configured through platformisation and incorporation within digital parasitic relations.
God’s penology: Belief in a masculine God predicts support for harsh criminal punishment and militarism
Authors: Baker Joseph O , Whitehead Andrew L
Published: June 2019

Prior research demonstrates that multiple dimensions of religiosity significantly predict punitive attitudes and militarism. This study highlights the importance of believing in a masculine God, an aspect of religiosity with a robust and consistent relationship to punitiveness and militarism, but which has previously been unexamined. After accounting for multiple aspects of religiosity highlighted by previous research—such as frequency of religious practice, religious tradition, fundamentalist identity and beliefs, and other dimensions of God image including love, anger, judgment, and engagement—believing that God is a “He” consistently and strongly increases support for harsh social policies targeting intra-societal enemies (criminals), as well as general militarism and campaigns targeting extra-societal enemies (e.g. “terrorists”). These results highlight the importance of theorizing and measuring gendered dimensions of belief in God, as well as the importance of fine-grained considerations of religion in studies of penal populism and militarism.
The seriousness of storytelling: What constraints to professional news routines reveal about the state of journalistic autonomy in local television newsrooms
Authors: Henderson Keren
Published: June 2019

This study follows the advice of scholars James Carey and Barbie Zelizer in that it takes journalism seriously. The seriousness comes from the concern that modern corporate approaches to news production are contributing to the erosion of the professional status of journalists with restrictions to storytelling routines serving as one example of this issue. Using a multiple case study method, this research presents 180 hours of newsroom observations and interviews with 62 news professionals to identify some of the constraints to local television news storytelling routines, further illuminating the struggle between market-driven news production and journalistic autonomy.
Queries to the British Orthodontic Society
Authors: Parker Kate , Bharmal Rozana V , Noar Joe H
Published: June 2019

Objective:

As the representative body for orthodontic specialists, the British Orthodontic Society (BOS) provides advice and guidance to professionals and patients on a variety of topics. The BOS receive frequent queries from professionals and patients and, where appropriate, provide advice and guidance. By reflecting on the types of queries received, it is hoped that general guidance can be developed and ‘frequently asked questions’ information established to improve knowledge in these particular areas.

Design:

Retrospective assessment of queries raised to the BOS.

Setting:

BOS headquarters, London.

Methods:

All queries raised to the BOS by professionals and patients from January 2017 to October 2018 were collated and divided into those raised by dental professionals or by patients. Within each group, all queries were further subcategorised into different topic areas. For each of the main topics, guidance will be developed to improve clinician and patient knowledge in these areas.

Results:

In the time period assessed, 422 queries were received to the BOS, 51.8% (n = 229) were from patients and 48.2% (n = 213) from professionals. Commissioning was the most common topic queried by professionals (34.3%), which included NHS contracts and tendering. Queries regarding associate matters (9.4%), specific clinical queries (9.4%) and BOS issues (8.9%) were also common topics raised by professionals. The most common topic queried by patients was the eligibility for NHS treatment (29.3%), followed by specific clinical queries (22.3%) and seeking recommendations for clinicians (10.5%).

Conclusions:

Overall, a large number of queries were received by the BOS. While some queries required specific information from the BOS, the majority of queries could be addressed through already published information and guidance. This project identifies the more common queries and provides clear guidance on where to find the appropriate advice.
Study on syngas methanation mechanism over Ni4/MCM-41 catalyst based on density functional theory
Authors: Zhang Jiaying
Published: June 2019

The density functional theory method is employed to systematically explore the mechanism of syngas methanation on the Ni4/MCM-41 catalyst surface. The calculation results show that the optimal pathway of CH4 formation is CO + H → CHO + H → CH2O + H → CH3O → CH3 + H → CH4 with the rate-determining step of CH3O direct dissociation. Because the activation energy for the direct dissociation of CH3O species is much lower than that for the CH3OH formation (198.6 vs 264.8 kJ mol−1), there is almost no by-product CH3OH that appeared in the products of the syngas methanation over the Ni4/MCM-41 catalyst. Compared with other conventional nickel-based methanation catalysts, Ni4/MCM-41 catalyst is an excellent methanation catalyst with high selectivity of CH4.
Use of Mobile Health (mHealth) Technologies and Interventions Among Community Health Workers Globally: A Scoping Review
Authors: Early Jody , Gonzalez Carmen , Gordon-Dseagu Vanessa , Robles-Calderon Laura
Published: June 2019

There is mounting evidence to show that community health workers (CHWs) play a positive role in improving population health by connecting people to information, resources, and services. However, barriers faced by CHWs include not being able to access information quickly and in a language tailored to the communities they serve. Mobile health (mHealth) shows promise of bridging this gap. Although there are a number of studies published on mHealth interventions, there is a need to synthesize the literature specific to mHealth and CHWs globally. Therefore, the primary goals of this review are to identify and describe over ten years of studies on the use, effectiveness, and potential of mHealth involving CHWs. Findings provide evidence-based strategies for designing and implementing mHealth tools for and with CHWs. We used criteria and methodology for scoping reviews established by the Joanna Briggs Institute as well as PRISMA protocols. We searched scholarly databases for peer-reviewed articles published between 2007 and 2018. The initial search yielded 207 published articles; after applying inclusion criteria, the sample totaled 64. While research about mHealth use among CHWs is still emerging, we found out that large-scale, longitudinal, and clinical studies are lacking. The existing evidence indicates that interventions, which include both CHWs and mHealth tools, are effective. Challenges include the scarcity of culturally relevant mHealth interventions, lack of a consistent methodology to assess mHealth outcomes, the need for effective training for CHWs to adopt mHealth tools, and improved communication within health care teams working with CHWs.
Bringing Context to Workplace Coaching: A Theoretical Framework Based on Uncertainty Avoidance and Regulatory Focus
Authors: Bozer Gil , Delegach Marianna
Published: June 2019

Workplace coaching is increasingly popular as a global learning and development tool for enhancing employees’ professional capabilities. However, little is known about the role of cross-cultural factors in coaching and the relationships between cross-cultural factors and both coaching approach and motivation factors. Accordingly, by drawing on and integrating theories from the research areas of cross-cultural psychology, regulatory focus, and training, we propose a theoretical framework that unravels the effectiveness of different coaching approaches in different cultural and coaching contexts. We propose that chronic regulatory focus is an underlying mechanism that predicts the effectiveness of a chosen coaching approach in specific contexts of societal uncertainty avoidance (i.e., low vs. high uncertainty avoidance). Furthermore, we propose that coaching context elicits coachee situational regulatory focus, and that compatibility between coachee chronic and situational regulatory focus has a significant impact on coachee pre-coaching motivation. We conclude by discussing implications for future research and practice.
Pharmacist prescribing and care improves cardiovascular risk, but is it cost-effective? A cost-effectiveness analysis of the RxEACH study
Authors: Al Hamarneh Yazid N. , Johnston Karissa , Marra Carlo A. , Tsuyuki Ross T.
Published: June 2019

Background:

The RxEACH randomized trial demonstrated that community pharmacist prescribing and care reduced the risk for cardiovascular (CV) events by 21% compared to usual care.

Objective:

To evaluate the economic impact of pharmacist prescribing and care for CV risk reduction in a Canadian setting.

Methods:

A Markov cost-effectiveness model was developed to extrapolate potential differences in long-term CV outcomes, using different risk assessment equations. The mean change in CV risk for the 2 groups of RxEACH was extrapolated over 30 years, with costs and health outcomes discounted at 1.5% per year. The model incorporated health outcomes, costs and quality of life to estimate overall cost-effectiveness. It was assumed that the intervention would be 50% effective after 10 years. Individual-level results were scaled up to population level based on published statistics (29.2% of Canadian adults are at high risk for CV events). Costs considered included direct medical costs as well as the costs associated with implementing the pharmacist intervention. Uncertainty was explored via probabilistic sensitivity analysis.

Results:

It is estimated that the Canadian health care system would save more than $4.4 billion over 30 years if the pharmacist intervention were delivered to 15% of the eligible population. Pharmacist care would be associated with a gain of 576,689 quality-adjusted life years and avoid more than 8.9 million CV events. The intervention is economically dominant (i.e., it is both more effective and reduces costs when compared to usual care).

Conclusion:

Across a range of 1-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses of key parameters and assumptions, pharmacist prescribing and care are both more effective and cost-saving compared to usual care. Canadians need and deserve such care.
Comparison of match-related performance indicators between major professional rugby competitions
Authors: Schoeman Riaan , Schall Robert
Published: June 2019

The study compared performance indicators of four major international rugby union competitions, namely Super Rugby, Aviva Premiership, Guinness Pro 12 and French Top 14. Most performance indicators of Aviva Premiership and Guinness Pro 12 rugby competitions were similar but distinctive from French Top 14 and Super Rugby competitions, which in turn were generally similar. The Aviva Premiership and Guinness Pro 12 had similar numbers of ball carries, tries, offloads, kicks, tackles, line-outs and scrums that were significantly higher than French Top 14 and Super Rugby. Offloads ( p = .0015) and tries ( p = .0368) were significantly higher for Super Rugby than the Guinness Pro 12, but the Guinness Pro 12 had significantly higher counts for carries ( p ≤ .0001), passes ( p = .0010) and kicks ( p = .0054). In contrast, counts of tackle breaks ( p ≤ .0001) and line breaks were significantly higher for Super Rugby in comparison to the Aviva Premiership ( p = .0057), Guinness Pro 12 ( p = .0064) and French Top 14 ( p ≤ .0001). All competitions showed areas of weakness and strength, which could be due to specific game plans followed in the unique pitch and weather conditions during competition.
Evaluating the effectiveness of styles of play in elite soccer
Authors: Fernandez-Navarro Javier , Fradua Luis , Zubillaga Asier , McRobert Allistair P
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of styles of play in soccer and the influence of contextual variables (i.e. match status, venue and quality of opposition). Team possessions ( n = 68,766) from the 380 matches of the 2015–2016 English Premier League season were collected for this study. The Possession Effectiveness Index, based on Expected Goals and Ball Movement Points metrics, was used to measure the effectiveness of team possessions. Linear mixed models were applied to analyse the influence of contextual variables on the effectiveness score for each style. Results showed that the effectiveness of Direct Play, Counterattack, Maintenance and Crossing significantly increased when teams were winning by two or more goals. Counterattack increased its effectiveness when teams were winning by one goal and reduced its effectiveness when losing by one goal. The effectiveness of Direct Play increased when losing by two goals or more. Playing away negatively affected the effectiveness of Direct Play, Maintenance and High Pressure. In addition, playing against a stronger opposition reduced the effectiveness of all styles of play. The results suggest that the effectiveness of styles of play changes under specific circumstances and that not all contextual variables affect them in the same way.
A rolling horizon approach for production planning and condition-based maintenance under uncertain demand
Authors: Wang Lin , Lu Zhiqiang , Ren Yifei
Published: June 2019

In reality, the forecast of uncertainties often becomes more accurate with the approaching of the forecasted period. This article proposes a rolling horizon approach to dynamically determine the production plan and the maintenance plan for a degradation system under uncertain environment. In each rolling horizon, demand forecasts are updated with new information from customers, and the degradation level of system is confirmed by inspection. By taking advantage of the updated uncertainties, at each decision point, the maintenance plan is determined by an advance-postpone balancing approach and the production plan is optimized by a heuristic algorithm in a two-stage stochastic model. Numerical results validate that the rolling horizon approach has great superiority over traditional stochastic programming approach in terms of real total cost and service level.
Expression of human TLR4/myeloid differentiation factor 2 directs an early innate immune response associated with modest increases in bacterial burden during Coxiella burnetii infection
Authors: Robison Amanda , Snyder Deann T , Christensen Kelly , Kimmel Emily , Hajjar Adeline M , Jutila Mark A , Hedges Jodi F
Published: June 2019

Human TLR4 (hTLR4) and mouse TLR4 molecules respond differently to hypo-acylated LPS. The LPS of Coxiella burnetii is hypo-acylated and heavily glycosylated and causes a minimal response by human cells. Thus, we hypothesized that mice expressing hTLR4 molecules would be more susceptible to C. burnetii infection. Our results show that transgenic mice expressing hTLR4 and the human myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2) adaptor protein (hTLR4/MD-2) respond similarly to wild type mice with respect to overall disease course. However, differences in bacterial burdens in tissues were noted, and lung pathology was increased in hTLR4/MD2 compared to wild type mice. Surprisingly, bone marrow chimera experiments indicated that hTLR4/MD-2 expression on non-hematopoietic cells, rather than the target cells for C. burnetii infection, accounted for increased bacterial burden. Early during infection, cytokines involved in myeloid cell recruitment were detected in the plasma of hTLR4/MD2 mice but not wild type mice. This restricted cytokine response was accompanied by neutrophil recruitment to the lung in hTLR4/MD2 mice. These data suggest that hTLR4/MD-2 alters early responses during C. burnetii infection. These early responses are precursors to later increased bacterial burdens and exacerbated pathology in the lung. Our data suggest an unexpected role for hTLR4/MD-2 in non-hematopoietic cells during C. burnetii infection.
A new family with transportinopathy: increased clinical heterogeneity
Authors: Angelini Corrado , Marozzo Roberta , Pinzan Elena , Pegoraro Valentina , Molnar Maria Judit , Torella Annalaura , Nigro Vincenzo
Published: June 2019

We describe a family with a novel TNPO3 mutation of limb–girdle muscular dystrophy D2 (or LGMD 1F), a rare muscle disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance, first identified in an Italo-Spanish family where the causative defect has been found to be due to TNPO3 gene mutation, encoding transportin-3 protein (TNPO3). We present the clinical, histopathological and muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features in two patients, mother and son Hungarian origin, affected by LGMD D2 and correlate their clinical, MRI and histopathological data found in this condition. The affected son presented early pelvic girdle muscle weakness and thin muscles similar to a congenital myopathy; the mother was less compromised and had an LGMD phenotype. Muscle MRI showed a very pronounced lower limb muscle atrophy in both patients. The most relevant change obtained in the child muscle biopsy was a generalized type 1 fibre atrophy. The two patients presented the same mutation, but a different phenotype has been observed in mother and son.
Fuel for Conspiracy: Suspected Imperialist Plots and the Chaco War
Authors: Roniger Luis , Senkman Leonardo
Published: June 2019

Conspiracy discourse interprets the world as the object of sinister machinations, rife with opaque plots and covert actors. With this frame, the war between Bolivia and Paraguay over the Northern Chaco region (1932–1935) emerges as a paradigmatic conflict that many in the Americas interpreted as resulting from the conspiracy manoeuvres of foreign oil interests to grab land supposedly rich in oil. At the heart of such interpretation, projected by those critical of the fratricidal war, were partial and extrapolated facts, which sidelined the weight of long-term disputes between these South American countries traumatised by previous international wars resulting in humiliating defeats and territorial losses, and thus prone to welcome warfare to bolster national pride and overcome the memory of past debacles. The article reconstructs the transnational diffusion of the conspiracy narrative that tilted political and intellectual imagination towards attributing the war to imperialist economic interests, downplaying the political agency of those involved. Analysis suggests that such transnational reception highlights a broader trend in the twentieth-century Latin American conspiracy discourse, stemming from the theorization of geopolitical marginality and the belief that political decision-making was shaped by the plots of hegemonic powers.
Phytochemicals of Gandarusa (Justicia gendarussa) and Its Preparations
Authors: Made Ratih Gusti Ayu , Imawati Maria Fatmadewi , Nugroho Rendra Rizki , Purwanti Diah Intan , Wongso Suwidji , Prajogo Bambang , Indrayanto Gunawan
Published: June 2019

Thirty-five metabolites of Justicia gendarussa (JG) leaves and its preparations were identified using LC-HR-MS/MS. Although alkaloids were detected in the leaves they were not identified in JG preparations using Smart Formula 3D software. This showed that an acidified extraction process used at the first stage of the purification procedure is able to remove the toxic alkaloids from the crude drug. The LC-MS/MS analyses showed that the main components of JG preparations were fatty acids and apigenin glycosides; it seemed that the fatty acids can be used for enhancing the dissolution of the polar glycosides. T-test calculation using Profile Analysis software showed that the acidified crude drugs, extract, granules of JG, and gendarussa capsules showed very similar LC-MS/MS profiles, which means that the biochemical components of JG are relatively stable during processing. Due to the lack of quality markers for these JG preparations, the application of metabolite profiling is recommended as the QC tool for commercial production by the pharmaceutical industry.
Targeting Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 for the Development of Disease-Modifying Osteoarthritis Drugs
Authors: Xiao Li , Liu Chenlu , Wang Beiyu , Fei Wei , Mu Yandong , Xu Lin , Li Yefu
Published: June 2019

One of the most pressing issues in osteoarthritis (OA) research is the development of disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs), as currently there are no such drugs available. The paucity of suitable DMOADs is mostly due to the lack of approved ideal therapeutic targets necessary for the development of these drugs. However, based on recent discoveries from our laboratory and other independent laboratories, it is indicated that a cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase for collagen type II, discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2), may be an ideal therapeutic target for the development of DMOADs. In this article, we review the current status of research in understanding roles of DDR2 in the development of OA.
Return to Work Following Isolated Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: Agarwalla Avinesh , Christian David R. , Liu Joseph N. , Garcia Grant H. , Redondo Michael L. , Yanke Adam B. , Cole Brian J.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Patients with isolated medial compartment osteoarthritis and varus deformity may undergo high tibial osteotomy (HTO) to reduce the contact pressure in the medial compartment. The purpose of this investigation is (1) examine the timeline of return to work (RTW) following HTO and (2) evaluate RTW stratified by occupational intensity.

Methods

Consecutive patients undergoing HTO were reviewed retrospectively at a minimum of 2-years postoperatively. Patients completed a subjective work questionnaire, a visual analogue scale for pain, Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation, and a satisfaction questionnaire.

Results

Thirty-eight patients were included at an average of 9.0 ± 3.3 years postoperatively. Thirty-seven patients (average age 43.4 ± 7.8 years, 91.9% with a Kellgren-Lawrence grade of III/IV) were employed within 3 years prior to surgery. Eighteen patients (48.6%) underwent subsequent surgery with 14 patients (37.8%) receiving a salvage knee arthroplasty at an average of 6.1 ± 3.5 years following HTO. Thirty-five patients (94.5%) returned to work at an average of 2.9 ± 2.0 months. The rate of RTW for sedentary, light, moderate, and heavy duties were 87.5%, 100%, 100%, and 93.3%, respectively, while the duration until RTW was 1.0 months, 1.1 months, 2.4 months, and 3.3 months, respectively.

Conclusion

In a young and active population with osteoarthritis or varus deformity, an HTO allows patients to return to work; however, patients with high-intensity occupations may be absent from work longer than those with lesser physically demanding occupations. HTO is not a definitive treatment option as nearly 40% of patients underwent knee arthroplasty by 6.1 years postoperatively.

Level of Evidence

IV, case series.
The state of research on leader humor
Authors: Kong Dejun Tony , Cooper Cecily D. , Sosik John J.
Published: June 2019

During the past two decades, the burgeoning literature on leader humor has documented various ways that humor enables leadership effectiveness. Yet there are problems of construct clarity and measurement associated with leader humor, as well as unanswered questions related to the theoretical frameworks and predictive value of leader humor. We provide a systematic review on leader humor, in which we address the issues of constructs—trait humor versus (behavioral) humor expression—and associated measures, discuss the main and emerging theoretical frameworks, assess the empirical literature via a meta-analysis and path analyses, and offer directions for future research. Our review not only offers theoretical insights for this research area, but also presents empirical gaps and opportunities through a quantitative summary.
‘ReConnect’: a model for working with persistent pain patients on improving sexual relationships
Authors: Edwards Sarah , Mandeville Anna , Petersen Katrine , Cambitzi Julia , Williams Amanda C de C , Herron Katherine
Published: June 2019

Introduction:

Many individuals with persistent pain experience difficulties with sexual function which are exacerbated by avoidance and anxiety. Due to embarrassment or shame, sexual activity may not be identified as a goal for pain management programmes (PMPs). In addition, clinicians can feel that they lack skills and confidence in addressing these issues.

Methods:

We sought to develop a biopsychosocial model for helping patients return to sexual activity and manage relationships in the context of pain management, known as ‘ReConnect’. The model amalgamates well-established methods from pain management and sex therapy to guide multidisciplinary team members. ReConnect comprises three components: (1) ‘cognitive and myth-busting’, (2) ‘sensations and feelings’ and (3) ‘action-experimentation’. We collected self-report data from 281 women and 92 men from our specialist PMP for chronic abdomino-pelvic. pain, including questions measuring interference with and avoidance of sex due to pain, and the Multi-dimensional Sexuality Questionnaire (MSQ) to measure anxiety about sexual activity.

Results:

The results show statistically significant improvements for anxiety, avoidance of sex and sexual interference. Using the ReConnect model to structure clinical work, pain management clinicians reported increased confidence in addressing sexual activity goals.

Conclusion:

By using the ReConnect model is a framework for clinicians to use to support sexual activity goals. It has demonstrated improvements in clinical outcomes such as anxiety around sex and interference of pain in sexual activity. We encourage its application in pain management services in both one-to-one and group sessions, as a method for encouraging pain patients to address this important area of life which can be adversely affected by pain.