bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential Anti-allergic Effects of Bibenzyl Derivatives from Liverworts, Radula perrottetii
Authors: Asai Haruka , Kato Koichi , Suzuki Moe , Takahashi Misato , Miyata Erika , Aoi Moeka , Kumazawa Reika , Nagashima Fumihiro , Kurosaki Hiromasa , Aoyagi Yutaka , Fukuishi Nobuyuki
Published: January 2022

The liverwort Radula perrottetii contains various bibenzyl derivatives which are known to possess various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory effects. Mast cells (MC)
play crucial roles in allergic and inflammatory diseases; thus, inhibition of MC activation is pivotal for the treatment of allergic and inflammatory disorders. We investigated the effects
of perrottetin D (perD), isolated from Radula perrottetii, and perD diacetate (Ac-perD) on antigen-induced activation of MCs. Bone marrow–derived MCs (BMMCs) were generated from
C57BL/6 mice. The degranulation ratio, histamine release, and the interleukin (IL)-4 and leukotriene B4 productions on antigen-triggered BMMC were investigated. Additionally, the
effects of the bibenzyls on binding of IgE to FcεRI were observed by flow cytometry, and signal transduction proteins was examined by Western blot. Furthermore, binding of the
bibenzyls to the Fyn kinase domain was calculated. At 10 µM, perD decreased the degranulation ratio (p < 0.01), whereas 10 µM Ac-perD down-regulated IL-4 production (p < 0.05) in
addition to decreasing the degranulation ratio (p < 0.01). Both compounds tended to decrease histamine release at a concentration of 10 µM. Although 10 µM perD reduced only Syk
phosphorylation, 10 µM Ac-perD diminished phosphorylation of Syk, Gab2, PLC-γ, and p38. PerD appeared to selectively bind Fyn, whereas Ac-perD appeared to act as a weak but
broad-spectrum inhibitor of kinases, including Fyn. In conclusion, perD and Ac-perD suppressed the phosphorylation of signal transduction molecules downstream of the FcεRI and
consequently inhibited degranulation, and/or IL-4 production. These may be beneficial potential lead compounds for the development of novel anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory drugs.
4-(tert-Butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-2,2-dimethylbutanoyl: An Easily Removable Pivaloyl-Type Protecting Group with High Orthogonality
Authors: Li Ming , Li Qishuai , Su Yong , Qiao Zhi , Wang Jianjun , Wang Peng , Ren Sumei , Song Ni
Published: January 2022

Protecting groups play multiple and vital roles during the synthesis of carbohydrates and other natural products. We herein report the installation and orthogonal cleavage, under mild conditions, of a 4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-2,2-dimethylbutanoyl (BDMB) group as a sterically hindered pivaloyl-type hydroxy protecting group. The compatibility of this substituent with the removal of other protecting groups is also investigated. Due to its advantageous properties, BDMB is anticipated to function as a valuable agent for masking hydroxy groups.
Developing Dashboards to Address Children's Health Disparities in Ohio
Authors: Jonnalagadda Pallavi , Swoboda Christine , Singh Priti , Gureddygari Harish , Scarborough Seth , Dunn Ian , Doogan Nathan J. , Fareed Naleef
Published: January 2022

Objectives Social determinants of health (SDoH) can be measured at the geographic level to convey information about neighborhood deprivation. The Ohio Children's Opportunity Index (OCOI) is a composite area-level opportunity index comprised of eight health domains. Our research team has documented the design, development, and use cases of a dashboard solution to visualize OCOI.

Methods The OCOI is a multidomain index spanning the following eight domains: (1) family stability, (2) infant health, (3) children's health, (4) access, (5) education, (6) housing, (7) environment, and (8) criminal justice. Information on these eight domains is derived from the American Community Survey and other administrative datasets. Our team used the Tableau Desktop visualization software and applied a user-centered design approach to developing the two OCOI dashboards—main OCOI dashboard and OCOI-race dashboard. We also performed convergence analysis to visualize the census tracts where different health indicators simultaneously exist at their worst levels.

Results The OCOI dashboard has multiple, interactive components as follows: a choropleth map of Ohio displaying OCOI scores for a specific census tract, graphs presenting OCOI or domain scores to compare relative positions for tracts, and a sortable table to visualize scores for specific county and census tracts. A case study using the two dashboards for convergence analysis revealed census tracts in neighborhoods with low infant health scores and a high proportion of minority population.

Conclusion The OCOI dashboards could assist health care leaders in making decisions that enhance health care delivery and policy decision-making regarding children's health particularly in areas where multiple health indicators exist at their worst levels.
Factors influencing customer preference of cardless technology over the card for cash withdrawals: an extended technology acceptance model
Authors: Nambiar Bindu K. , Bolar Kartikeya
Published: January 2022

It can seem paradoxical that someone who evades the use of a debit card still wants access to cash and is willing to use their mobile device at an ATM. The cardless cash technology delivers a solution that is an improvement over the traditional form of cash delivery. This study explores the influential factors that affect the preference of cardless cash over cards. A cross-sectional survey was utilised to collect both data through a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 521 bank customers from one of the largest banks in India participated in the study employing a convenience sampling technique. The responses were analysed using a predictive analytics approach with various statistical and data mining techniques. Customers preferred cardless cash because of its usefulness over the Card rather than perceived ease of use, customer trust, or perceived security. This paper contributes to the banking world's ways of pre-stage access to cash, reducing customer contact at ATMs. It highlights the main factors that influence customer's preference towards using cardless cash technology at ATMs, helping banks spread the newest technology used to provide a financial instrument that has been here for centuries—cash.
Super-resolution reconstruction of turbulent flow fields at various Reynolds numbers based on generative adversarial networks
Authors: Yousif Mustafa Z. , Yu Linqi , Lim Hee-Chang
Published: January 2022

This study presents a deep learning-based framework to recover high-resolution turbulent velocity fields from extremely low-resolution data at various Reynolds numbers by utilizing the concept of generative adversarial networks. A multiscale enhanced super-resolution generative adversarial network is applied as a model to reconstruct the high-resolution velocity fields, and direct numerical simulation data of turbulent channel flow with large longitudinal ribs at various Reynolds numbers are used to evaluate the performance of the model. The model is found to have the capacity to accurately reconstruct the high-resolution velocity fields from data at two different down-sampling factors in terms of the instantaneous velocity fields, two-point correlations, and turbulence statistics. The results further reveal that the model is able to reconstruct high-resolution velocity fields at Reynolds numbers that fall within the range of the training Reynolds numbers.
Ro-translational dynamics of confined water. I. The confined asymmetric rotor model
Authors: Wespiser Clément , Putaud Thomas , Kalugina Yulia , Soldera Armand , Roy Pierre-Nicholas , Michaut Xavier , Ayotte Patrick
Published: January 2022

Confinement effects on the ro-translational (RT) dynamics of water, trapped in rare gas matrices or within endofullerenes (i.e., H2O@C60), can be experimentally assessed using rotationally resolved far-infrared, or mid-infrared, spectroscopy [Putaud et al., J. Chem. Phys. 156, 074305 (2022) (Paper II)]. The confined rotor model is used here to reveal how the quantized rotational and frustrated translational energy levels of confined water interact and mix by way of the confinement-induced rotation-translation coupling (RTC). An eccentric but otherwise isotropic 3D harmonic effective potential is used to account for confinement effects, thereby allowing the dependence of the magnitude of the RTC on the topology of the model confinement potential, the resulting intricate mixing schemes, and their impact on the RT energy levels to be examined in detail. The confined rotor model thus provides a convenient framework to investigate the matrix and isotope effects on the RT dynamics of water under extreme confinement probed spectroscopically, thereby potentially providing insight into the mechanisms and rates for ortho-H2O ↔ para-H2O nuclear spin isomer interconversion in confined water.
Entangled two-photon absorption with Brownian-oscillator fluctuations
Authors: Chen Feng , Mukamel Shaul
Published: January 2022

We theoretically investigate the two-photon absorption signals of a three-band (g, e, f) system diagonally coupled to an over-damped Brownian oscillator bath, which induces random Gaussian modulations of energy levels with an arbitrary degree of correlation. For fast modulation, extra 2ωeg and 2ωfe peaks may obscure the g–f transitions in the classical two-photon absorption (CTPA) spectra for nearly resonant e states. These peaks arise from one-photon resonant g–e or e–f transitions. In the slow modulation limit, these peaks vanish because of the short tails of the Gaussian line shape. CTPA strongly depends on the correlations between energy fluctuations. In entangled two-photon absorption, the extra peaks are eliminated because of the broad one-photon but narrow two-photon spectrum of the twin photons. The variation of the coherences between f states with the correlation between energy fluctuations is explored.
Judge-dependence in quality nouns
Authors: Cong Yan
Published: January 2022

By combining the idea of property concepts and the kernel-based theory of subjectivity, this paper proposes an analysis of the otherwise mysterious behavior of the Mandarin “you” predicates, where subjectivity/evidentiality and possessive/attributive readings come and go in an intricate way. The paper presents a phenomenon of Mandarin called possessive Property Concept predicates, involving a possessive morphemeyou“have” and a bare NP. Studying the subjectivity puzzle in Chinese advances our understanding of information source and information force in the following way. The Chinese fact, as a separate element, is part of the bigger picture about subjectivity. To explain how the subjectivity predicate as a natural class connects with evidentiality, this paper provides an approach to probe subjectivity through examining the information source change, which is derived from removing or adding evidential morpheme(s).
The property concepts and the possessive verb Ū ‘Have’ in Taiwan Southern Min
Authors: Cheng Adæmrys Chihjen
Published: January 2022

This paper delineates an alternative analysis of the property concepts ofū‘have’ in Taiwan Southern Min, claiming that the complements serve syntactically as the nominal gradabilities through three syntactic (constituency) tests, and supported by a crosslinguistic perspective. Additionally, in the vein of Distributed Morphology, the gradability functions as annP (also as a nominalization), in contrast with NP/DP. From a typological perspective, it is not peculiar forūto select a nominalization of property concept to signal a reading of property-denoting. Moreover, I illustrate the semantics of a possessive property concept construction in Taiwan Southern Min, according to Francez and Koontz-Garboden (2015,2017). I further propose a modal aspectual semantics to interpret the various temporal readings ofū. Finally, I draw a conclusion to my alternative analyses.
Partitive pronouns in intransitive contexts in Italian and Dutch
Authors: Sleeman Petra
Published: January 2022

In the literature it is often assumed that partitive pronouns can only be used in combination with elliptical objects of transitive or unaccusative verbs. Some counterevidence has been provided as well, however, showing that partitive pronouns may also occur with intransitive verbs. In this paper it is investigated, by means of a Grammaticality Judgment Task, if native speakers of Italian and Dutch accept the use of the partitive pronoun with three types of intransitive verbs, in combination with an elliptical quantified adverbial NP. It is shown that both groups of participants were quite ready to accept the partitive pronoun in these cases, in some contexts more than in others. Various explanations for the results are considered and one more specific suggestion is made to account for the data, also based on a comparison with other constructions and other languages.
Translatophilia
Authors: Lee Tong King
Published: January 2022

This article advances the notion of translatophilia, defined as the fetishisation of translation in hypercorrection of its perceived marginalisation. Using how Translation Studies scholars have engaged with the copyright regime in postpositivist fashion as a case in point, it argues that in the course of resisting structuralist notions of originality and authorship, Translation Studies has ironically come to fetishise its object of study as the privileged site of a new individuality and personality – romantic myths it initially set out to dispel. In light of the recent ‘outward turn’ in Translation Studies, the article identifies sources of anxiety in the field that have pushed it toward extreme theorisation. It proposes that before Translation Studies makes its outward turn, it is pertinent for it to first turn inward to combat its translatophiliac tendencies.
Anomalous Transport Induced by Non-Hermitian Anomalous Berry Connection in Non-Hermitian Systems
Authors: Wang Jiong-Hao , Tao Yu-Liang , Xu Yong
Published: January 2022

Non-Hermitian materials can exhibit not only exotic energy band structures but also an anomalous velocity induced by non-Hermitian anomalous Berry connection as predicted by the semiclassical equations of motion for Bloch electrons. However, it is unclear how the modified semiclassical dynamics modifies transport phenomena. Here, we theoretically demonstrate the emergence of anomalous oscillations driven by either an external dc or ac electric field, which arise from non-Hermitian anomalous Berry connection. Moreover, it is a well-known fact that geometric structures of electric wave functions can only affect the Hall conductivity. However, we are surprised to find a non-Hermitian anomalous Berry connection induced anomalous linear longitudinal conductivity independent of the scattering time. We also show the emergence of a second-order nonlinear longitudinal conductivity induced by non-Hermitian anomalous Berry connection, violating a well-known fact of its absence in a Hermitian system with symmetric energy spectra. These anomalous phenomena are illustrated in a pseudo-Hermitian system with large non-Hermitian anomalous Berry connection. Finally, we propose a practical scheme to realize the anomalous oscillations in an optical system.
Electromagnetic Form Factors of Λ Hyperon in the Vector Meson Dominance Model and a Possible Explanation of the Near-Threshold Enhancement of the

e+e−→ΛΛ¯

Reaction
Authors: Li Zhong-Yi , Dai An-Xin , Xie Ju-Jun
Published: January 2022

The near-threshold

e
+

e
−

→
Λ

Λ
¯

reaction is studied with the assumption that the production mechanism is due to a near-

Λ

Λ
¯

-threshold bound state. The cross section of the

e
+

e
−

→
Λ

Λ
¯

reaction is parameterized in terms of the electromagnetic form factors of λ hyperon, which are obtained with the vector meson dominance model. It is shown that the contribution to the

e
+

e
−

→
Λ

Λ
¯

reaction from a new narrow state with quantum numbers JPC
= 1− is dominant for energies very close to threshold. The mass of this new state is around 2231 MeV, which is very close to the mass threshold of

Λ

Λ
¯

, while its width is just a few MeV. This gives a possible solution to the problem that all previous calculations seriously underestimated the near-threshold total cross section of the

e
+

e
−

→
Λ

Λ
¯

reaction. We also note that the near-threshold enhancement can also be reproduced by including these well established vector resonances ω(1420), ω(1650), ϕ(1680), or ϕ(2170) with a Flatté form for their total decay width, and a strong coupling to the

Λ

Λ
¯

channel.
Anomalous Josephson Effect in Topological Insulator-Based Josephson Trijunction
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Lyu Zhaozheng , Yang Guang , Li Bing , Hou Yan-Liang , Le Tian , Wang Xiang , Wang Anqi , Sun Xiaopei , Zhuo Enna , Liu Guangtong , Shen Jie , Qu Fanming , Lu Li
Published: January 2022

We studied anomalous Josephson effect (AJE) in Josephson trijunctions fabricated on Bi2Se3, and found that the AJE in T-shaped trijunctions significantly alters the Majorana phase diagram of the trijunctions, when an in-plane magnetic field is applied parallel to two of the three single junctions. Such a phenomenon in topological insulator-based Josephson trijunction provides unambiguous evidence for the existence of AJE in the system, and may provide an additional knob for controlling the Majorana bound states in the Fu–Kane scheme of topological quantum computation.
The 20-nm Skyrmion Generated at Room Temperature by Spin-Orbit Torques
Authors: Liu Jiahao , Wang Zidong , Xu Teng , Zhou Hengan , Zhao Le , Je Soong-Guen , Im Mi-Young , Fang Liang , Jiang Wanjun
Published: January 2022

The discovery of magnetic skyrmions provides a promising pathway for developing functional spintronic memory and logic devices. Towards the future high-density memory application, nanoscale skyrmions with miniaturized diameters, ideally down to 20 nm are required. Using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism transmission microscopy, nanoscale skyrmions are observed in the [Pt/Co/Ir]15 multilayer at room temperature. In particular, small skyrmions with minimum diameters approaching 20 nm could be generated by the current-induced spin-orbit torques. Through implementing material specific parameters, the dynamic process of skyrmion generation is further investigated by performing micromagnetic simulations. According to the simulation results, we find that both the tube-like Néel-type skyrmions and the bobber-like Néel-type skyrmions can be electrically generated. In particular, the size of the bobber-like Néel-type skyrmions can be effectively reduced by the spin-orbit torques, which leads to the formation of 20 nm Néel-type skyrmions. Our findings could be important for understanding the formation dynamics of nanoscale Néel-type spin textures, skyrmions and bobber in particular, which could also be useful for promoting nanoscale skyrmionic memories and logic devices.
Temperature-Dependent Far-Infrared Absorption in Cyclotrimethylene Trinitramine Single Crystals Using Broadband Time-Domain Terahertz Spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Yupeng , Shi Jinchun , Chen Chongyang
Published: January 2022

We investigate the absorption properties of cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) single crystals from ∼15 to 150cm−1 using the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. We observe that all the absorption modes exhibit strong anisotropic behavior in terms of the crystal orientations. We demonstrate that the anharmonic phonon model can well describe the temperature-dependent behaviors of these absorption modes. These results indicate that the intermolecular interaction plays a major role in the collective motion of large number of RDX molecules. Our findings provide important information for understanding and controlling the dynamic properties in the explosive materials.
Optimal convergence of finite element approximation to an optimization problem with PDE constraint*
Authors: Gong Wei , Tan Zhiyu , Zhou Zhaojie
Published: January 2022

We study in this paper the optimal convergence of finite element approximation to an optimization problem with PDE constraint. Specifically, we consider an elliptic distributed optimal control problem without control constraints, which can also be viewed as a regularized inverse source problem. The main contributions are two-fold. First, we derive a priori and a posteriori error estimates for the optimization problems, under an appropriately chosen norm that allows us to establish an isomorphism between the solution space and its dual. These results yield error estimates with explicit dependence on the regularization parameter α so that the constants appeared in the derivation are independent of α. Second, we prove the contraction property and rate optimality for the adaptive algorithm with respect to the error estimator and solution errors between the adaptive finite element solutions and the continuous solutions. Extensive numerical experiments are presented that confirm our theoretical results.
Time-resolved measurement of the free electron and neutral gas line density in a hydrogen theta-pinch plasma target by two-color interferometry
Authors: Christ P , Bonilla Guzmán Y , Cistakov C , Iberler M , Laghchioua L , Jacoby J
Published: January 2022

A hydrogen theta-pinch plasma is diagnosed by two-color interferometry to determine the line density of the free electrons and the hydrogen gas. From the ratio of these line densities, the effective ionization can be calculated. The free electron line density and the effective ionization degree are the most essential quantities for the evaluation of the plasma regarding its applicability as a target in context of plasma ion beam interaction to increase the charge state of the ion beam (plasma stripper). The two-color interferometric diagnostic shows that both line densities exhibit a periodic behavior predefined by the periodic current and at the time the free electron line density reaches a local maximum, the hydrogen line density falls to a local minimum. This occurs, because the plasma axially expands from the coil center by evading the radial compression force of the magnetic field, creating an ionizing wave in the residual gas. The theta-pinch was set up in two versions, with one of them using a cylindrical coil and the other using a spherical coil. For the cylindrical version, the best working point regarding the free electron line density and the effective ionization degree is

1.45
±
0.04

×

10

18

cm−2 and

0.826
±
0.022

at 20 Pa and 16 kV. In contrast, for the spherical version, lower values of

1.23
±
0.03

×

10

18

 

cm

−
2

and

0.699
±
0.019

at 20 Pa and 18 kV were found. Additionally, a new set-up is proposed for optimizing the plasma target regarding the free electron line density and the effective ionization degree, as well as how to maintain them on a sufficient level for several

10
 
μ

s.
Can oxygen vacancies in ceria surfaces be measured by O1s photoemission spectroscopy?
Authors: Bosio Noemi , Schaefer Andreas , Grönbeck Henrik
Published: January 2022

X-ray photoemission spectroscopy is a standard technique for materials characterization and the O 1s binding energy is commonly measured for oxides. Here we use density functional theory calculations to investigate how the O 1s binding energy in CeO2(111) is influenced by the presence of oxygen vacancies. The case with point vacancies in CeO2(111) is compared to complete reduction to Ce2O3. Reduction of CeO2 by oxygen vacancies is found to have a minor effect on the O 1s binding energy. The O 1s binding energy is instead clearly changed when the character of the chemical bond for the considered oxygen atom is modified by, for example, the formation of OH-groups or carbonates.
Artificial neural network potential for Au20 clusters based on the first-principles
Authors: Cao Lingzhi , Guo Yibo , Han Wenhua , Xu Wenwu , Sai Linwei , Fu Jie
Published: January 2022

The search of ground-state structures (GSSs) of gold (Au) clusters is a formidable challenge due to the complexity of potential energy surface (PES). In this work, we have built a high-dimensional artificial neural network (ANN) potential to describe the PES of Au20 clusters. The ANN potential is trained through learning the GSS search process of Au20 by the combination of density functional theory (DFT) method and genetic algorithm. The root mean square errors of energy and force are 7.72 meV atom−1 and 217.02 meV Å−1, respectively. As a result, it can find the lowest-energy structure (LES) of Au20 clusters that is consistent with previous results. Furthermore, the scalability test shows that it can predict the energy of smaller size Au16–19 clusters with errors less than 22.85 meV atom−1, and for larger size Au21–25 clusters, the errors are below 36.94 meV atom−1. Extra attention should be paid to its accuracy for Au21–25 clusters. Applying the ANN to search the GSSs of Au16–25, we discover two new structures of Au16 and Au21 that are not reported before and several candidate LESs of Au16–18. In summary, this work proves that an ANN potential trained for specific size clusters could reproduce the GSS search process by DFT and be applied in the GSS search of smaller size clusters nearby. Therefore, we claim that building ANN potential based on DFT data is one of the most promising ways to effectively accelerate the GSS pre-screening of clusters.
Superior hydrophobic silica-coated quantum dot for stable optical performance in humid environments
Authors: Zhou Shuling , Xie Bin , Yang Xuan , Zhang Xinfeng , Luo Xiaobing
Published: January 2022

Quantum dot (QD) features many exceptional optical performances but is also vulnerable to moisture which results in structural damage and luminescent decrease. This work provided and fabricated a novel superior hydrophobic methylated core/shell silica-coated QD (MSQ) for high water stability. QD was coated with a silica shell and then surface-methylated by trimethyl silane. Mercaptopropyl trimethoxy silane, tetraethyl orthosilicate, and ethoxy trimethyl silane were utilized as the ligand exchanger, the raw material of silica, and the surface modification, respectively. Characterization results illustrated the core/shell structure of MSQ. In addition, its water contact angle was up to 159.6°. QD-, silica-coated QD(SQ)-, and MSQ-silicone were made and displayed similar absorption, emission, and excitation spectra but different water stabilities. The photoluminescence intensity and photoluminescence quantum yield of MSQ-silicone hardly changed during 15 d of water immersion, in contrast to the dramatical decrease of other two kinds of composite silicone. Specifically, the photoluminescence quantum yield decreases of MSQ-, SQ-, and QD-silicone were 1%, 40%, and 43%, respectively. Therefore, MSQ had a much better water stability. The superior hydrophobic methylated silica-coated QD has a great potential to realize the long-term working stability in a humid environment and the wider application in diverse fields.
Formation of carnation-like ZIF-9 nanostructure to achieve superior electrocatalytic oxygen evolution
Authors: Li Tianyang , Xu Zhikun , Lin Shuangyan
Published: January 2022

Rational design and controllable synthesis of metal-organic frameworks nanosheets is critical for electrochemical catalysis. Herein, a carnation-like ZIF-9 nanostructure made of nanosheets is grown on nickel foam (ZIF-9/NF) by a simple one-step solvothermal method, the morphology evolution and the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution properties have been investigated by controlling the solvothermal time. The binder-free ZIF-9-d/NF (60 h, solvothermal time is 60 h) electrode delivers efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction activity with low overpotentials of 312 and 337 mV at 50 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. Furthermore, ZIF-9-d/NF (60 h) exhibits excellent stability without obvious attenuation for at least 30 h at 200 mA cm−2. The excellent performances can be attributed to the combination of the highly exposed active sites in the ZIF-9-d nanosheets, as well as the effective electron conduction and mass transfer. This work provides much possibilities for ZIF-9 nanosheets as binder-free electrode for electrocatalyst.
Improved photocatalytic activity and stability of black phosphorus/multi-walled carbon nanotube hybrid for RhB degradation
Authors: Yang Heli , Liang Yizun , Wang Chi , Song Xin , Ge Yanqing , Lang Ran , Li Kai , Mei Yi
Published: January 2022

Black phosphorus (BP) is a two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor that has recently attracted much interest due to its unique characteristics. However, BP is susceptible to oxidization under ambient conditions. In this work, a facile one-step route is presented, in which stable P–C bonds were formed by ball milling bulk BP and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) mixture without any additives. The BP-MWCNTs hybrid and the milled BP (m-BP) were both dispersed in water under ambient conditions, and their optical absorbances were monitored. The resulting data showed that the absorbance value of the BP-MWCNTs hybrid decreased by 10.87% after 5 d, whereas the m-BP decreased by 59.21%. Surprisingly, the BP-MWCNTs hybrid also exhibited ultrahigh photocatalytic activity in the visible light range. Within 60 min of irradiation, the removal efficiency of rhodamine B (RhB) by the BP-MWCNTs hybrid reached 88.42%, which is four times higher than that of the bare m-BP. This improvement can be attributed to the formation of the P–C bond and the enhanced surface adsorption capacity resulting from the introduction of the MWCNTs, indicating that the utilization of the charges on the surface of the photocatalyst is further improved. In short, this study not only provides an easy method to synthesize the stable BP-based material for practical applications but also represents a new approach to enhance the photocatalytic activity of BP.
Fusion Siamese network with drift correction for target tracking in ultrasound sequences
Authors: Wu Chan , Fu Tianyu , Wang Yifan , Lin Yucong , Wang Yan , Ai Danni , Fan Jingfan , Song Hong , Yang Jian
Published: January 2022

Motion tracking techniques can revise the bias arising from respiration-caused motion in radiation therapy. Tracking key structures accurately and at a real-time speed is necessary for effective motion tracking. In this work, we propose a fusion Siamese network with drift correction for target tracking in ultrasound sequences. Specifically, the network fuses four response maps generated by the cross-correlation between convolution layers at different resolutions to reduce up-sampling error. A correction strategy combining local structural similarity and target trajectory is proposed to revise the target drift predicted by the network. Moreover, a coarse-to-fine strategy is proposed to train the network with a limited number of annotated images, in which an augmented dataset is generated by corner points to learn network features with high generalizability. The proposed method is evaluated on the basis of the public dataset of the MICCAI 2015 Challenge on Liver UltraSound Tracking (CLUST) and our ultrasound image dataset, which is provided by the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital (CPLAGH). A tracking error of 0.80 ± 1.16 mm is observed for 85 targets across 39 ultrasound sequences in the CLUST dataset. A tracking error of 0.61 ± 0.36 mm is observed for 20 targets across 10 ultrasound sequences in the CPLAGH dataset. The effectiveness of the proposed fusion and correction strategies is verified via two ablation experiments. Overall, the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed fusion Siamese network with drift correction and reveal its potential in clinical practice.
Spatiotemporal optimisation of prostate intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) treatments
Authors: Manganaro L , Attili A , Bortfeld T , Paganetti H
Published: January 2022

Objective. In intensity modulated particle therapy (IMPT), the adoption of spatially and temporally heterogeneous dose distributions allows to decouple the fractionation scheme from the patient anatomy, so that an hypofractionated schedule can be selectively created inside the tumour, while simultaneously exploiting the fractionation effect in the healthy tissues. In this paper, the authors show the reproducibility of the method on a set of prostate patients, quantifying the dependencies of the achievable benefit with respect to conventional and hypofractionated schemes and the sensitivity of the method to setup errors and range uncertainty. Approach. On a cohort of 9 patients, non-uniform IMPT plans were optimised and compared to conventional and hypofractionated schedules. For each patient, the comparison of the three strategies has been based on the output of the cost function used to optimise the treatments. The analysis has been repeated considering different α/β ratios for the tumour, namely 1.5, 3 and 4.5 Gy. For a single patient, setup errors and beam range uncertainty have been analysed: the plans, for each optimisation strategy, have been iteratively forward planned 500 times with randomly varying the patient position in each fraction, and 200 times for systematic range shift. Main results. An average 10% benefit has been shown for the lowest α/β ratio considered for the tumour, where the non-uniform schedule generally converges to hypofractionation; the benefit decreases to 5%–7% for higher α/β ratios, for which the non-uniform schedule always showed better outcomes with respect to the other fractionation schedules. An increased sensitivity to uncertainty, especially for setup errors, has been shown, which can be associated to the spatial non-uniformity of the dose distributions peculiar of the spatiotemporal plans. Significance. This work represents the first investigation of spatiotemporal fractionation for prostate cancer and the beginning of further investigations before clinical implementation can be considered.
Investigation of the effect of structural defects from hydride precipitation on superconducting properties of high purity SRF cavity Nb using magneto-optical and electron imaging methods
Authors: Wang Mingmin , Polyanskii Anatolii , Balachandran Shreyas , Chetri Santosh , Crimp Martin A , Lee Peter J , Bieler Thomas R
Published: January 2022

Nb is an elemental superconductor with a critical temperature of 9.3 K and is widely used to fabricate superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities for particle accelerators. However, microstructural defects in Nb, such as grain boundaries (GBs) and dislocations, can act as pinning centers for magnetic flux that can degrade SRF cavity performance. Hydrogen contamination is also detrimental to SRF cavity performance due to the formation of normal conducting hydrides during cool down. In this study, disc shaped Nb bi-crystals extracted from high-purity large-grain Nb slices were investigated to study the effects of GBs, hydrogen, and dislocations on superconducting properties. Grain orientation and GB misorientation were measured using Laue x-ray diffraction and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analyses. Cryogenic magneto-optical imaging was used to directly observe magnetic flux penetration below

T
c

= 9.3 K. Damage caused by low temperature precipitation of hydrides and their dissolution upon reheating after cryogenic cycles was examined using electron channeling contrast imaging, and EBSD. The relationships between hydride formation, dislocation content, GBs, cryo-cooling, heat treatment (HT), and flux penetration indicate that both GB character and hydrogen content affect magnetic flux penetration. Such flux penetration could be facilitated by dislocation structures and low angle GBs resulting from hydride precipitation and HT.
Off-resonant dynamics of the Rabi model under a deep-strong slow driving
Authors: Wang Hanyu , Lü Zhiguo , Zheng Hang
Published: January 2022

We investigate the dynamics of a two-level system driven by a deep-strong slow sinusoidal field using a novel counterrotating-hybridized rotating-wave (CHRW) method. By two successive unitary transformations, we obtain a transformed Hamiltonian which possesses a simple rotating-wave interaction with a renormalized driving strength and a modified tunneling strength. The modified CHRW method allows us to directly calculate the analytical results of the dynamics and Bloch-Siegert shift. We show that the results given by the modified CHRW method are in good agreement with the numerical solutions of the Rabi model with a moderate strong driving strength in the off-resonance case. It turns out that the modified CHRW method is beyond the traditional rotating-wave approximation in some interesting parameter regions. As the modified CHRW method is mathematically simple and physically clear, it may be applied to driven dissipative systems which are difficult to solve numerically.
Effect of strain on charge density wave order in α-U
Authors: Xie Liuhua , Yuan Hongkuan , Qiu Ruizhi
Published: January 2022

The effect of strain on charge density wave (CDW) order in α-U is investigated within the framework of relativistic density-functional theory. The energetical stability of α-U with CDW distortion is enhanced by the tensile strain along a and b axes, which is similar to the case of negative pressure and normal. However, the tensile strain along c axis suppresses the energetical stability of CDW phase. This abnormal effect could be understood from the emergence of a new one-dimensional atomic chain along c axis in α-U. Furthermore, this effect is supported by the calculations of Fermi surface and phonon mode, in which the topological objects and the dynamical instability show opposite behaviors between strains along a/b and c axes.
Surface-induced orbital-selective band reconstruction in kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5
Authors: Huai Linwei , Luo Yang , Teicher Samuel M. L. , Ortiz Brenden R. , Wang Kaize , Peng Shuting , Wei Zhiyuan , Shen Jianchang , Wang Bingqian , Miao Yu , Sun Xiupeng , Ou Zhipeng , Wilson Stephen D. , He Junfeng
Published: January 2022

The two-dimensional (2D) kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5 has attracted much recent attention due to the coexistence of superconductivity, charge orders, topology and kagome physics, which manifest themselves as distinct electronic structures in both bulk and surface states of the material. An interesting next step is to manipulate the electronic states in this system. Here, we report angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) evidence for a surface-induced orbital-selective band reconstruction in CsV3Sb5. A significant energy shift of the electron-like band around Γ and a moderate energy shift of the hole-like band around M are observed as a function of time. This evolution is reproduced in a much shorter time scale by in-situ annealing of the CsV3Sb5 sample. Orbital-resolved density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the momentum-dependent band reconstruction is associated with different orbitals for the bands around Γ and M, and the time-dependent evolution points to the change of sample surface that is likely caused by the formation of Cs vacancies on the surface. Our results indicate the possibility of orbital-selective control of the band structure via surface modification, which may open a new avenue for manipulating exotic phenomena in this material system, including superconductivity.
Current spin polarization of a platform molecule with compression effect
Authors: Yang Zhi , Sun Feng , Chen Deng-Hui , Wang Zi-Qun , Wang Chuan-Kui , Li Zong-Liang , Qiu Shuai
Published: January 2022

Using the first-principles method, the spin-dependent transport properties of a novel platform molecule containing a freestanding molecular wire is investigated by simulating the spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscope experiment with Ni tip and Au substrate electrodes. Transport calculations show that the total current increases as the tip gradually approaches to the substrate, which is consistent with the conductance obtained from previous experiment. More interestingly, the spin polarization (SP) of current modulated by compression effect has the completely opposite trend to the total current. Transmission analyses reveal that the reduction of SP of current with compression process originates from the promotion of spin-down electron channel, which is controlled by deforming the molecule wire. In addition, the density of states shows that the SP of current is directly affected by the organic–ferromagnetic spinterface. The weak orbital hybridization between the Ni tip and propynyl of molecule results in high interfacial SP, whereas the breaking of the C≡C triple of propynyl in favor of the Ni–C–C bond induces the strong orbital hybridization and restrains the interfacial SP. This work proposes a new way to control and design the SP of current through organic–ferromagnetic spinterface using functional molecular platform.
An electromagnetic simulation assisted small signal modeling method for InP double-heterojunction bipolar transistors
Authors: Wang Yanzhe , Ding Wuchang , Su Yongbo , Yang Feng , Ding Jianjun , Zhou Fugui , Jin Zhi
Published: January 2022

We present a convenient and practical electromagnetic (EM) assisted small-signal model extraction method for InP double-heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs). Parasitic parameters of pad and electrode fingers are extracted by means of 3D EM simulation. The simulations with a new excitation scheme are closer to the actual on-wafer measurement conditions. Appropriate simulation settings are calibrated by comparing measurement and simulation of OPEN and SHORT structures. A simpler π-type topology is proposed for the intrinsic model, in which the base-collector resistance Rμ
, output resistance R
ce are deleted, and a capacitance C
ce is introduced to characterize the capacitive parasitic caused by the collector finger and emitter ground bar. The intrinsic parameters are all extracted by exact equations that are derived from rigorous mathematics. The method is characterized by its ease of implementation and the explicit physical meaning of extraction procedure. Experimental validations are performed at four biases for three InGaAs/InP HBT devices with 0.8 × 7 μm, 0.8 × 10 μm and 0.8 × 15 μm emitter, and quite good fitting results are obtained in the range of 0.1–50 GHz.
Optoelectronic oscillator-based interrogation system for Michelson interferometric sensors
Authors: Liu Ling , Wu Xiaoyan , Liu Guodong , Ning Tigang , Xu Jian , You Haidong
Published: January 2022

High-performance interrogation systems for optical fiber sensors are extensively required for environmental condition monitoring applications. In this article, we propose and demonstrate a Michelson interferometer (MI) interrogation system based on an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO). The frequency of the OEO is related to the free spectral range (FSR) of the MI. Thus, when the FSR of the MI varies with a change in external physical factors, the frequency of the OEO shifts and can be used for interrogation. We demonstrate that the temperature sensitivity and interrogation resolution are 35.35 MHz/°C and 0.012 °C, respectively. Such an OEO-based scheme enables wavelength-to-frequency mapping and promises a wide linear interrogation range, high resolution and high-speed interrogation.
Switchable terahertz polarization converter based on VO2 metamaterial
Authors: Du Haotian , Jiang Mingzhu , Zeng Lizhen , Zhang Longhui , Xu Weilin , Zhang Xiaowen , Hu Fangrong
Published: January 2022

A switchable terahertz (THz) polarization converter based on vanadium dioxide (VO2) metamaterial is proposed. It is a 5-layer structure which containing metal split-ring-resonator (SRR), the first polyimide (PI) spacer, VO2 film, the second PI spacer, and metal grating. It is an array structure and the period in x and y directions is 100 μm. The performance is simulated by using finite integration technology. The simulation results show that, when the VO2 is in insulating state, the device is a transmission polarization converter. The cross-linear polarization conversion can be realized in a broadband of 0.70 THz, and the polarization conversion rate (PCR) is higher than 99%. Under thermal stimulus, the VO2 changes from insulating state to metallic state, and the device is a reflective polarization converter. The linear-to-circular polarization conversion can be successfully realized in a broadband of 0.50 THz, and the PCR is higher than 88%.
Theta low-gamma phase amplitude coupling in the human orbitofrontal cortex increases during a conflict-processing task
Authors: Chen Kuang-Hsuan , Tang Austin M , Gilbert Zachary D , Martin Del Campo-Vera Roberto , Sebastian Rinu , Gogia Angad S , Sundaram Shivani , Tabarsi Emiliano , Lee Yelim , Lee Richard , Nune George , Liu Charles Y , Kellis Spencer , Lee Brian
Published: January 2022

Objective. The human orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is involved in automatic response inhibition and conflict processing, but the mechanism of frequency-specific power changes that control these functions is unknown. Theta and gamma activity have been independently observed in the OFC during conflict processing, while theta–gamma interactions in other brain areas have been noted primarily in studies of memory. Within the OFC, it is possible that theta–gamma phase amplitude coupling (PAC) drives conflict processing. This study aims to characterize the coupled relationship between theta and gamma frequency bands in the OFC during conflict processing using a modified Stroop task. Approach. Eight epilepsy patients implanted with OFC stereotactic electroencephalography electrodes participated in a color-word modified Stroop task. PAC between theta phase and gamma amplitude was assessed to determine the timing and magnitude of neural oscillatory changes. Group analysis was conducted using a non-parametric cluster-permutation t-test on coherence values. Main results. Theta-low gamma (LG) PAC significantly increased in five out of eight patients during successful trials of the incongruent condition compared with the congruent condition. Significant increases in theta-LG PAC were most prominent during cue processing 200–800 ms after cue presentation. On group analysis, trial-averaged mean theta-LG PAC was statistically significantly greater in the incongruent condition compared to the congruent condition (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.51). Significance. For the first time, we report that OFC theta phase and LG amplitude coupling increases during conflict resolution. Given the delayed onset after cue presentation, OFC theta-LG PAC may contribute to conflict processing after conflict detection and before motor response. This explanation follows the hypothesis that global theta waves modulate local gamma signals. Understanding this relationship within the OFC will help further elucidate the neural mechanisms of human conflict resolution.
Epidemic oscillations induced by social network control
Authors: Caccioli Fabio , De Martino Daniele
Published: January 2022

Epidemic spreading can be suppressed by the introduction of containment measures such as social distancing and lockdowns. Yet, when such measures are relaxed, new epidemic waves and infection cycles may occur. Here we explore this issue in compartmentalized epidemic models on graphs in presence of a feedback between the infection state of the population and the structure of its social network for the case of discontinuous control. We show that in random graphs the effect of containment measures is simply captured by a renormalization of the effective infection rate that accounts for the change in the branching ratio of the network. In our simple setting, a piece-wise mean-field approximation can be used to derive analytical formulae for the number of epidemic waves and their length. A variant of the model with imperfect information is used to model data of the recent COVID-19 epidemics in the Basque Country and Lombardy, where we estimate the extent of social network disruption during lockdowns and characterize the dynamical trajectories in the phase space.