bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maintaining maintenance: The real effects of financial reporting for infrastructure
Authors: McDonough Ryan P. , Yan Claire J.
Published: August 2024

We use the adoption of General Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 34 (GASB 34) to examine whether disclosing information in states' financial reports influences their investment decisions. GASB 34 requires governments to report on general infrastructure assets and permits either the standard depreciation approach or the modified approach. The modified approach requires additional disclosures, a step which we argue promotes greater transparency about a government's infrastructure and can potentially facilitate infrastructure investment decisions. We find a robust positive association between the modified approach and investment in infrastructure maintenance. Additional evidence demonstrates a more pronounced effect when external monitoring is likely higher and government officials are likely better informed as a result of the increased disclosure. We further find that states using the modified approach are less likely to cut or divert funds intended for infrastructure maintenance. Our study suggests that disclosing information in governments' financial reports can have real effects, such as mitigating underinvestment in infrastructure maintenance, which governments often defer to future periods in violation of the interperiod equity principle and to the detriment of society.
When politicians behave badly: Political, democratic, and social consequences of political incivility
Authors: Bøggild Troels , Jensen Carsten
Published: August 2024

Many citizens find politics too uncivil, and incivility is often considered a source of political disaffection. However, research studying these effects almost exclusively relies on survey experiments, which yield contrasting results depending on design choices and do not study downstream consequences for satisfaction with democracy and compliance with public policy. We present a theoretical argument on these downstream consequences and study how citizens respond to political incivility in their real‐life information environment using a multi‐wave survey panel of 6055 Danish citizens with 18,805 interviews spanning 18 months. Using generalized difference‐in‐differences models and a natural experiment, we demonstrate nontrivial adverse effects of political incivility on political trust, satisfaction with democracy, and intentions to comply with policies, while intentions to vote are unaffected. Our results highlight how elite rhetoric shapes support for the political system and policy compliance and pinpoint the potential and pitfalls of survey experiments and our own panel approach.
Making Space for the Maritorio: Raizal Dispossession and the Geopoetic Imagination in the San Andrés Archipelago
Authors: Cupples Julie , Gleghorn Charlotte , Lee Dixie , Ribeiro Raquel
Published: August 2024

Drawing in part on the work of Édouard Glissant, this article explores how the Raizal population of the San Andrés Archipelago in the Caribbean mobilises the concept of maritorio as an archipelagic geopoetic vessel with emancipatory potential. This concept disrupts dominant land/sea binaries that result from and are rooted in geopolitical mechanisms and colonial fantasies. The San Andrés Archipelago is administratively and politically part of Colombia, but the Raizal people of the Archipelago share a long colonial and postcolonial history with Black Creole people elsewhere in the Anglophone Caribbean, especially the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua, based on diverse forms of economic, familial, and cultural exchange and marine mobilities. For many years, the status of the Archipelago was the basis of a dispute between Nicaragua and Colombia at the International Court of Justice, who ruled in 2012 that the islands were in fact Colombian while Nicaragua gained 75,000 km2 of sea. This ruling was devastating for the Raizales, fragmenting their maritorio and further thwarting Black mobilities and cultural exchange across the region. Legal‐geopolitical dislocations applied to the islands and the sea exacerbated structural conditions of racial and environmental injustice, while geopoetic responses by Raizal people to this state of affairs serve to confront colonial dispossession, ecological damage, and the ideological fixities of the Eurocentric nation‐state.
Outcomes and quality of life in patients receiving durable left ventricular assist device with biventricular support
Authors: Iyengar Amit , Weingarten Noah , Song Cindy , Rekhtman David , Shin Max , Helmers Mark R. , Wald Joyce , Cevasco Marisa , Atluri Pavan
Published: August 2024

Background

Patients requiring biventricular support (BIVAD) face higher morbidity than those undergoing durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation alone. The goal of the current study was to evaluate quality of life (QOL) of patients with LVAD therapy in the modern era, stratified by use of biventricular support.

Methods

All patients undergoing LVAD at our center were reviewed between October 2017 and September 2021. Patients were stratified by perioperative use of BIVAD. Patients were administered a telephone survey consisting of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ‐12) as well as free‐responses regarding satisfaction surrounding their operation. Outcomes included survival, KCCQ‐12 metrics, and thematic analysis of free response questions.

Results

92 patients were identified, of whom 26 (28%) received BIVAD support. BIVAD patients had more preoperative ECMO use (54% vs. 12%, p < 0.001) and lower INTERMACS scores (Category 1: 46% vs. 14%, p = 0.001). Three‐year survival was 73.8% among LVAD‐alone patients and 50.1% among BIVAD patients (log‐rank p = 0.022). Median composite KCCQ‐12 score was 78 (57–88). No differences in composite or any component scores were noted between groups. 76% of patients report they would be moderately or extremely like to go through surgery again if given repeat choice. The most common themes expressed were overall gratitude (24%) and disappointment with device‐related restrictions (20%).

Conclusions

Patients requiring BIVAD therapy have more advanced shock, longer associated hospital courses, and lower long‐term survival. However, those that survive enjoy similar overall quality of life, and many endorse positive outlooks on their surgical course. Continued assessments of quality of life are important in providing patient‐centered LVAD care.
Testing sample selection criteria and loss of biomarkers during cleaning of archaeological unglazed pottery to maximize organic residue quantities
Authors: Janzen George , Formberg Jason , Braun Arno , Hammann Simon , Hornung Sabine , Fiedler Sabine
Published: August 2024

As the number of studies in organic residue analysis (ORA) of ancient pottery—a sensitive but as of today also a destructive method—increases, archaeologists are interested in knowing which samples promise the biggest abundance of analytes in order to avoid unnecessary loss of artefacts. Another frequently asked question is whether the routinely performed cleaning procedure should be omitted for samples intended for ORA to preserve the availability of analytes. We tested several selection criteria commonly accessible to archaeologists (texture, position, shape) for lipid quantities in ancient pottery in order to determine the most productive sherds for analysis. Moreover, we monitored loss of lipids during the water‐and‐brush cleaning process. Beside the usually targeted straight‐chain fatty acids (FA), less abundant biomarkers such as α,ω‐dicarboxylic acids (DCA), ω‐(o‐alkylphenyl)alkanoic acids (APAA) and hydroxy fatty acids (HFA) were also screened. The highest concentrations of analytes were observed in rims of coarse‐textured plates and cooking pots, demonstrating the usefulness of the proposed criteria. The washing procedure applied here did not lead to a loss of bulk FA, although the effect on minor components was not uniform.
Laparoscopic right gastroepiploic artery‐sparing distal gastric tube resection with lymph node dissection for gastric tube cancer after esophagectomy: A novel surgical approach (with video)
Authors: Aoki Hikaru , Kawada Hironori , Hanabata Yusuke , Shinkura Akina , Harada Kaichiro , Tachibana Keigo , Awane Kento , Tanino Keisuke , Nishitai Ryuta
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Total resection of the gastric tube with lymphadenectomy for advanced gastric tube cancer is highly invasive and associated with severe complications. Other surgical option, partial gastrectomy or wedge resection, is insufficient if lymph node metastasis is suspected. Therefore, a technique balancing invasiveness and curability is required.

Materials and Surgical Technique

First, we laparoscopically peeled off adhesions of the gastric tube, gastric mesentery (including the right gastroepiploic artery/vein), pericardial membrane, and aorta, up to the planned resection line. Subsequently, we cut the infrapyloric and right gastric arteries at their roots and dissected No. 5 and No. 6 lymph nodes. We taped and spared the right gastroepiploic artery and vein and dissected the tissues including No. 4d lymph nodes. Finally, the gastric tube was cut using a linear stapler, and the remaining gastric tube was anastomosed to the jejunum with a circular stapler. The mean operative time for the three cases treated using this intervention was 729 min. The patients were discharged on postoperative day 8 or 9 without any complications. They all remained alive and recurrence‐free.

Discussion

This novel approach balances invasiveness and curability by leveraging the advantages of laparoscopy. The procedure was performed safely and reproducibly in three consecutive cases, providing another viable option for the treatment of gastric tube cancer.
The effects of diuretic deprescribing in adult patients: A systematic review to inform an evidence‐based diuretic deprescribing guideline
Authors: van Poelgeest Eveline , Paoletti Luca , Özkök Serdar , Pinar Ezgi , Bahat Gülistan , Vuong Vincent , Topinková Eva , Daams Joost , McCarthy Lisa , Thompson Wade , van der Velde Nathalie
Published: August 2024

In this systematic review, we report on the effects of diuretic deprescribing compared to continued diuretic use. We included clinical studies reporting on outcomes such as mortality, heart failure recurrence, tolerability and feasibility. We assessed risk of bias and certainty of the evidence using the GRADE framework. We included 25 publications from 22 primary studies (15 randomized controlled trials; 7 nonrandomized studies). The mean number of participants in the deprescribing groups was 35, and median/mean age 64 years. In patients with heart failure, there was no clear evidence that diuretic deprescribing was associated with increased mortality compared to diuretic continuation (low certainty evidence). The risk of cardiovascular composite outcomes associated with diuretic deprescribing was inconsistent (studies showing lower risk for diuretic deprescribing, or comparable risk with diuretic continuation; very low certainty evidence). The effect on heart failure recurrence after diuretic deprescribing in patients with diuretics for heart failure, and of hypertension in patients with diuretics for hypertension was inconsistent across the included studies (low certainty evidence). In patients with diuretics for hypertension, diuretic deprescribing was well tolerated (moderate certainty evidence), while in patients with diuretics for heart failure, deprescribing diuretics can result in complaints of peripheral oedema (very low certainty evidence). The overall risk of bias was generally high. In summary, this systematic review suggests that diuretic discontinuation could be a safe and feasible treatment option for carefully selected patients. However, there isa lack of high‐quality evidence on its feasibility, safety and tolerability of diuretic deprescribing, warranting further research.
Blood pressure management after endovascular thrombectomy: Insights of recent randomized controlled trials
Authors: Dong Xiao , Liu Yuanyuan , Chu Xuehong , Yu Erlan , Jia Xiaole , Ji Xunming , Wu Chuanjie
Published: August 2024

Background

The ideal blood pressure (BP) target in patients who undergo endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) with successful reperfusion is uncertain. Observational studies show that elevated BP during this period is associated with a higher risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and worse clinical outcomes. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have explored whether intensive BP lowering improves clinical outcomes in these patients.

Aims

This review aims to summarize the recent RCTs that compare intensive and conventional BP management strategies following EVT and discuss the innovative directions to improve.

Result

The recently published RCTs failed to demonstrate the benefit of intensive BP control on the functional outcome and decreasing the risk of ICH. The complex mechanism in cerebral blood flow regulation and the inappropriate BP range chosen in RCTs may be the reasons behind the inconsistent results between observational studies and RCTs. Individualized BP management, reducing BP variability, and multi‐stage BP management should be paid more attention in future exploration.

Conclusion

Intensive BP target did not improve clinical outcomes after successful EVT as compared with a conventional BP target. Further research is required to identify the optimal BP management strategy after reperfusion.
Emotion dysregulation and obesity: A conceptual review of the literature
Authors: Atwood Molly E.
Published: August 2024

Problematic eating behaviours are prevalent in individuals living with obesity and have been linked to weight gain over time. Furthermore, there is evidence that heightened negative emotionality is common in a subset of individuals living with obesity and that negative emotions often precede problematic eating behaviours. Consequently, several theories have highlighted emotion dysregulation as a potential explanatory mechanism of this relationship. However, to date, no comprehensive review has compiled the specific ways in which individuals living with obesity exhibit emotion dysregulation. The present review utilizes Gratz and Roemer's (2004) multidimensional conceptualization of emotion regulation and dysregulation as a framework to summarize the extant literature on emotion dysregulation in obesity. Specifically, this review examines research related to: (1) awareness and clarity of emotions; (2) acceptance of, and willingness to experience, emotion; (3) the ability to remain goal directed and inhibit impulsive behaviour when distressed; and (4) access to emotion regulation strategies. Overall, findings from the present review demonstrate that individuals living with obesity exhibit deficits in emotion clarity, and experience difficulty inhibiting impulsive behaviour and remaining goal directed when experiencing emotion. Strengths and limitations of the literature are reviewed, and future research directions and clinical implications are discussed in light of these findings.
Allergic contact dermatitis to woods of the genus Dalbergia in musical instruments
Authors: Gamboa Pedro M. , Sánchez de Vicente Javier , Segurola Aritza , Galán Cristina , Escalera Lucy Mónica Pérez , Arrien Angel , Jáuregui Ignacio
Published: August 2024

Background

The woods of trees of the genus Dalbergia are a frequent cause of allergic contact dermatitis.

Objectives

To describe the different patterns of symptoms and sensitisation to woods of the genus Dalbergia in four patients whose regular work is linked to music, either as performers (two patients) or instrument makers.

Results

The patients showed extensive cross‐reactivity between the different Dalbergia woods. The two musicians exhibited symptoms exclusively in the contact areas, while the instrument makers showed a pattern of airborne symptoms. The period from sensitisation to the development of symptoms varied greatly among the patients.

Conclusions

The symptoms of allergic contact dermatitis to Dalbergia woods differ markedly depending on the route of contact. Cross‐reactivity between the woods of this genus is very wide. The sensitising potential varies between the various Dalbergia woods, which require different contact periods depending on their sensitising power.
Nomogram for Predicting Efficacy and Prognosis After Chemotherapy for Advanced NSCLC
Authors: Gao Jiaying , Nan Yandong , Liu Gang , Zhao Shihong , Xiong Huanqing , Wang Yifeng , Jin Faguang
Published: August 2024

Purpose

One major issue is the therapeutic effect following chemotherapy for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although numerous risk factors have been identified and novel therapies have been developed, improving patient overall survival (OS) remains a crucial postoperative issue. This study aimed to develop a nomogram for accurately predicting the OS of patients with Stage III–IV NSCLC treated with chemotherapy.

Methods

The Department of Respiration at Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, prospectively collected data on 321 patients between January 2018 and December 2023. A week before treatment, the platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and seven autoantibodies were measured using Youden's index, which was obtained using the ROC curve. The formula was used to compute the values of PLR and NLR. After using multifactor Cox regression analysis to identify risk factors, a nomogram was produced regarding the therapeutic effect following chemotherapy. The performance of the nomogram was assessed using a bootstrapped‐concordance index and calibration plots.

Result

It was determined that NLR, sex‐determining region Y‐box 2 (SOX2), adenosine triphosphate binding RNA deconjugase 4–5 (GBU4‐5), and MAGE family member A1 (MAGEA1) were significantly associated factors that could be combined to accurately predict the therapeutic effect following chemotherapy. Utilizing these risk indicators, we were able to develop a nomogram that predicted the patients' survival at 1, 3, and 5 years. At 3 years, the area under the curve representing the expected survival probability was 0.762 (95% confidence interval 0.66–0.87). With a bootstrapped‐concordance index of 0.762, the nomogram demonstrated good calibration.

Conclusions

Our nomogram proved to be a valuable instrument in accurately predicting the overall survival of patients.
Primary Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Intestinal Metastasis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Tao Jin , Wu Zhiqiang , Huang Rongfei , Li Jun , Xu Tiewei , Gao Yujie , Jia Weikun , Chen Hu
Published: August 2024

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is characterized by a high rate of metastasis and recurrence, leading to a poor prognosis for affected patients. Intestinal metastasis of LUSC is a rare clinical occurrence. Treatment options for LUSC patients with intestinal metastasis are limited, and no standard therapy guidelines exist for managing these cases. In this review, we discuss the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of LUSC patients with intestinal metastasis and present a rare case of LUSC with intestinal metastasis. We describe a patient who presented with a severe cough and chest pain and diagnosed with LUSC and bone tumor. Initially, the primary LUSC and bone tumor were controlled with standard treatments. However, the primary LUSC reoccurred shortly after treatment, this time with intestinal metastasis, for which effective treatments are lacking. Our observation from the case suggests that LUSC metastasizing to intestinal tract is associated with a poorer prognosis.
Radiological Features of Primary Pulmonary Invasive Mucinous Adenocarcinoma Based on 312 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Qi Linlin , Jia Jia , Zhang Guochao , Liu Jianing , Li Fenglan , Chen Jiaqi , Cui Shulei , Cheng Sainan , Xue Liyan , Xue Qi , Wang Jianwei
Published: August 2024

Background

The aim of this study is to investigate the radiological features of primary pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) in a relatively large population to help improve its further understanding and its accuracy of initial diagnosis.

Methods

This retrospective study included consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed primary pulmonary IMA from January 2019 to December 2021. According to tumor morphology, IMAs were divided into regular nodule/mass, irregular, and large consolidative types. According to tumor density, IMAs were divided into solid, halo, part‐solid, pure ground‐glass, and cystic types. ANOVA, chi‐square, or Fisher exact tests were used to analyze the differences in radiological and clinicopathological characteristics of IMA according to morphological and density subtypes.

Results

We analyzed 312 patients. Pulmonary IMA tended to occur in the elderly, with a slightly higher number of women than men. IMA showed a predominance in the lower lobe and adjacent to pleura. IMA of regular nodule/mass, irregular, and large consolidative types accounted for 80.8% (252/312), 13.8% (43/312), and 5.4% (17/312), respectively. Solid, halo, part‐solid, pure ground‐glass, and cystic IMAs accounted for 55.8% (174/312), 28.2% (88/312), 11.2% (35/312), 1.3% (4/312), and 3.5% (11/312), respectively. The lobulated (76.9%), spiculated (63.5%), and air bronchogram (56.7%) signs were common in IMA. Dead branch sign (88.2%), angiogram sign (88.2%), and satellite nodules/skipping lesions (47.1%) were common in large‐consolidative‐type IMA. Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene mutations were common (56.1%), whereas epidermal growth factor receptor mutations were relatively rare (2.3%).

Conclusions

Pulmonary IMA of regular nodule/mass type and solid type were the most common at the initial diagnosis. Detailed radiological features can aid in the differential diagnosis of IMA.
Recommendations for incorporating invasive species into U.S. climate change adaptation planning and policy
Authors: Brewington Laura , Rodgers LeRoy , Greenwood Leigh
Published: August 2024

Executive Order No. 14008 mandated that U.S. federal agencies and departments develop Climate Change Adaptation Plans to enhance the nation's resilience to climate change. Invasive species are documented to reduce the effectiveness of climate adaptation and mitigation actions. In spite of this, only eight of the 26 federal plans directly reference invasive species, and just four meaningfully consider the reciprocal impact of invasive species on climate adaptation efforts. To ensure that climate adaptation planning and processes are effective with associated benefits for biodiversity conservation, a gap analysis of the Climate Change Adaptation Plans was conducted. Five key recommendations were developed that would transform how invasive species are considered within them. Examples of how invasive species have been included in some of the plans are provided, with suggestions for agencies that did not include invasive species on how they might do so, to illustrate that dedicated efforts in prevention, detection, and management of invasive species can safeguard carbon sequestration, protect communities and infrastructure, and minimize economic and biodiversity losses. Although developed based on U.S. federal plans, these recommendations can be used by state and local, as well as international, jurisdictions tasked with implementing climate‐adaptive policies to build resilience across multiple sectors.
Intravenous treatment of calcinosis cutis with sodium thiosulfate – A case series
Authors: Bruns Tom , Sunderkötter Cord , Wohlrab Johannes
Published: August 2024

Calcinosis cutis is defined as the deposition of calcium salts in the skin. The dystrophic form is the most common and usually occurs in chronic inflammatory processes associated with collagenoses. Therapeutic options include surgical excision as well as a few pharmacological treatments. Overall, the evidence for the known therapeutic interventions is very limited and there is a lack of valid recommendations. Intravenous sodium thiosulfate has been used successfully in the treatment of calciphylaxis. In our case series, five patients with dystrophic calcinosis cutis received intravenous sodium thiosulfate for at least six cycles on five consecutive days per month, with single doses of 12.5 g and 25.0 g, respectively. A reduction in the calcified lesions could not be proven with certainty, but stable disease conditions were achieved. Intravenous sodium thiosulfate may counteract the progression of calcinosis cutis. The successful use of epicutaneously applied sodium thiosulfate, as described in the literature, suggests that a higher cutaneous bioavailability can be achieved to exert a lytic effect on calcinosis cutis. This is further supported by the reported efficacy of high‐dose sodium thiosulfate in the treatment of calciphylaxis.
Islands of ice: Glacier‐dwelling metazoans form regionally distinct populations despite extensive periods of deglaciation
Authors: Janko Karel , Shain Daniel H. , Fontaneto Diego , Kaštánková Doležálková Marie , Buda Jakub , Štefková Kašparová Eva , Šabacká Marie , Rosvold Jørgen , Stefaniak Jacek , Hessen Dag Olav , Devetter Miloslav , Jimenez/Santos Marco Antonio , Horna Patrik , Janková Drdová Edita , Yde Jacob Clement , Zawierucha Krzysztof
Published: August 2024

Aim

Glaciers cover considerable portion of land and host diverse life forms from single‐celled organisms to invertebrates. However, the determinants of diversity and community composition of these organisms remain underexplored. This study addresses the biogeography, population connectivity and dispersal of these organisms, especially critical in understanding during the rapid recession of glaciers and increased extinction risk for isolated populations. By reconstructing the Quaternary biogeographic history of Fontourion glacialis, a widespread in Northern Hemisphere glacier obligate species of Tardigrada, we aim to understand how populations of glacier‐dwelling metazoans receive immigrants, respond to disappearing glaciers and to what extent remaining glaciers can serve as refugia.

Location

Glaciers across Svalbard, Scandinavia, Greenland and Iceland.

Methods

We analysed mtDNA (COI gene) variability of 263 F. glacialis specimens collected across the distribution range. Phylogeographic and coalescent‐based approaches were used to detect population differentiation patterns, investigate most likely models of gene flow and test the influences of geographical and climatic factors on the distribution of F. glacialis genetic variants.

Results

Our findings indicate that the distribution of F. glacialis genetic variants is primarily influenced by geographical rather than climatic factors. Populations exhibit a dispersal‐limited distribution pattern, influenced by geographical distance and local barriers, even between neighbouring glaciers. Significantly, the genetic structure within Scandinavia suggests the existence of “southern” glacial or low‐temperature refugia, where F. glacialis may have survived a period of extensive deglaciation during the Holocene climatic optimum (8–5 kyr ago).

Main Conclusion

The study uncovers complex metapopulation structures in F. glacialis, with impacts of local barriers, population bottlenecks as well as historical ice sheet fluctuations. It suggests that such populations can endure extended periods of deglaciation, highlighting the resilience of glacial refugia. The study highlights the necessity of understanding the diversity and population structure of ice‐dwelling fauna in both spatial and temporal contexts.
Outcomes of noncurative endoscopic submucosal dissection for T1 colorectal cancer: Prospective, multicenter, cohort study in Japan
Authors: Tsuji Shigetsugu , Doyama Hisashi , Kobayashi Nozomu , Ohata Ken , Takeuchi Yoji , Chino Akiko , Takamaru Hiroyuki , Tsuji Yosuke , Hotta Kinichi , Harada Keita , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Uraoka Toshio , Murakami Takashi , Katagiri Atsushi , Hori Shinichiro , Michida Tomoki , Suzuki Takuto , Fukuzawa Masakatsu , Kiriyama Shinsuke , Fukase Kazutoshi , Murakami Yoshitaka , Ishikawa Hideki , Saito Yutaka
Published: August 2024

Objectives

This study investigated the incidence of lymph node metastasis and long‐term outcomes in patients with T1 colorectal cancer where endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) resulted in noncurative treatment. It is focused on those with deep submucosal invasion, a factor considered a weak predictor of lymph node metastasis in the absence of other risk factors.

Methods

This nationwide, multicenter, prospective study conducted a post‐hoc analysis of 141 patients with T1 colorectal cancer ≥20 mm where ESD of the lesion resulted in noncurative outcomes, characterized by poor differentiation, deep submucosal invasion (≥1000 μm), lymphovascular invasion, high‐grade tumor budding, or positive vertical margins. Clinicopathologic features and patient prognoses focusing on lesion sites and additional surgery requirements were evaluated. Lymph node metastasis incidence in the low‐risk T1 group, identified by deep submucosal invasion as the sole high‐risk histological feature, was assessed.

Results

Lymph node metastasis occurred in 14% of patients undergoing additional surgery post‐noncurative endoscopic submucosal dissection for T1 colorectal cancer. In the low‐risk T1 group, in the absence of other risk factors, the frequency was 9.7%. The lymph node metastasis rates in patients with T1 colon and rectal cancers did not differ significantly (14% vs. 16%). Distant recurrence was observed in one patient (2.3%) in the ESD only group and in one (1.0%) in the additional surgery group, both of whom had had rectal cancer removed.

Conclusion

The risk of lymph node metastasis or distant occurrence was not negligible, even in the low‐risk T1 group. The findings suggest the need for considering additional surgery, particularly for rectal lesions (Clinical Trial Registration: UMIN000010136).
Joint effects of sleep disturbance and renal function impairment on incident new‐onset severe metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Tian Tian , Zeng Jing , Li Yuan‐Cheng , Wang Jing , Zhang Dan‐Feng , Wang De‐Guang , Pan Hai‐Feng , Fan Jian‐Gao , Ni Jing
Published: August 2024

Aim

To elucidate the effects of sleep parameters and renal function on the risk of developing new‐onset severe metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Materials and Methods

The primary analysis involved a cohort of 305 257 participants. Multivariable Cox models were employed to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Traditional mediation and two‐step Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to assess the associations and mediating roles of renal function indicators between sleep and new‐onset severe MASLD.

Results

Poor sleep score and renal function biomarker score (RFS) were associated with an increased risk of new‐onset severe MASLD (all ptrend <0.001). Participants with poor sleep patterns and the highest RFS had a 5.45‐fold higher risk of new‐onset severe MASLD, compared to those with healthy sleep patterns and the lowest RFS (p < 0.001). The RFS could explain 10.08% of the correlations between poor sleep score and risk of new‐onset severe MASLD. Additionally, MR analyses supported a causal link between insomnia and new‐onset severe MASLD and revealed a mediating role of chronic kidney disease in the connection between insomnia and new‐onset severe MASLD risk.

Conclusions

This study highlights the independent and combined associations of sleep parameters and renal function indicators with new‐onset severe MASLD, underscoring the bidirectional communication of the liver–kidney axis and providing modifiable strategies for preventing MASLD.
VibePy: An open‐source tool for conducting high‐fidelity vibrational playback experiments
Authors: Evora Alana J. , Cocroft Reginald B. , Madhusudhana Shyam , Hamel Jennifer A.
Published: August 2024

Many insect species communicate about activities central to their survival and reproduction via vibrational signals (i.e., waves that travel through solid substrates). One widely used and effective approach for testing hypotheses about communication is the playback experiment, in which stimuli are played to focal organisms and their responses are documented. Recent technological advances and efforts by vibrational communication researchers have diversified the hardware options available for use in such experiments, but proprietary software is still needed for high‐fidelity playbacks. Here, we present an open‐source software tool, VibePy, that (1) measures and compensates for undesired filtering and (2) calibrates playback amplitude. Because proprietary software licenses impose economic barriers that can limit access to research, we have developed VibePy in the open‐source language Python. The functions provided by VibePy are a stepping stone toward increasing access to vibration research. Because the tool is open‐source, we hope that the software will be expanded upon by others in the community of researchers studying vibrational communication and insect behavior.
Quietist Elements in Adorno
Authors: Lamp Christian
Published: August 2024

In this article I take a closer look at Adorno's methodology, and specifically the question of how – in Adorno's view – philosophy ought to be done. In this, my aim is to see whether there might be ‘quietist’ elements in his methodological account, i.e. the meta‐philosophical position of quietism as it stands against (scientific) naturalism in recent discussions. Recent work on Adorno and classical critical theory has discussed numerous similarities and overlaps with the post‐analytical work of, e.g., John McDowell and Michael Thompson. Building on this recent work, my article suggests further points of contact, by focusing on the interplay of question and answer present in both McDowell and Adorno. To do this, I first outline McDowell's version of quietism. From there, an interpretation of Adorno can proceed along the lines developed with McDowell, centering the idea of unanswerable philosophical questions that need to be treated instead of answered straightforwardly. I demonstrate the relation he draws from disappearance of questions to ‘praxis’ and suggest how this differs from McDowell yet might still be viewed as an account related to quietism. I conclude by suggesting taking up Adorno's term ‘immanent criticism’ as a methodological concept.
Does leisure crafting improve workplace creativity?
Authors: Chen I‐Shuo , Choi Jin Nam
Published: August 2024

Workplace creativity is essential for organizational survival and growth. With the prevailing focus on work conditions and employee motivation for creativity, it remains unclear whether and how employees can make creative contributions through proactive engagement in their private lives. This study aims to explore the development of workplace creativity from the non‐work perspective of individual proactivity. Drawing upon conservation of resources theory, we investigate if leisure crafting improves workplace creativity by promoting playful work design. The hypotheses were tested using multi‐wave field data collected from 365 employees. We revealed that leisure crafting contributes to playful work design, including fun and competition, especially when a smartphone is used for leisure purposes. Leisure crafting also has direct and indirect effects on creative performance through playful work design. The current analysis offers insights into how proactivity and resources gained from the non‐work domain can improve workplace outcomes by enabling work‐related proactive behavior.
Alpha‐amanitin tolerance of adult flies of mycophagous and nonmycophagous species in Drosophilidae
Authors: Zhang Yang , Toda Masanori J. , Watabe Hide‐aki , Katoh Toru
Published: August 2024

Mushrooms produce a great variety of defense chemical compounds to protect themselves from fungivores. Alpha‐amanitin is one of such compounds found in some Amanita mushrooms. The present study focuses on the effect of α‐amanitin on adult survival in 17 drosophilid species including mycophagous ones from the subgenus Drosophila and the genus Hirtodrosophila and nonmycophagous ones of the subgenera Drosophila, Siphlodora and Sophophora. The results showed that all the essential fungivores and some partially mycophagous species from different lineages are tolerant to this lethal toxin at a concentration of 50 μg/mL, suggesting that the α‐amanitin tolerance may have been acquired more or less independently of the evolution of mycophagy in the family Drosophilidae.
A novel case report of clockwise and counterclockwise uterine torsions during the same gestation period in a mare
Authors: Derbala Mohamed K. , Hassan Marwa H. , Abu‐Seida Ashraf M.
Published: August 2024

Uterine torsion (UT) is a common obstetrical problem in Straight Egyptian Arabian mares, causing a medical emergency for both the mare and the fetus. This case report describes, for the first time, the management of a case of UT in both directions during a single gestation period in a 5‐year‐old Straight Egyptian Arabian mare. The mare was 8 months pregnant and experienced intermittent unresponsive colic signs. Rectal examination revealed clockwise 180° UT and ultrasonography showed a viable fetus. The haematological findings were within the normal range. The mare was surgically treated immediately by standing flank laparotomy (SFL) on the right side. 4 days later, the mare was returned to the clinic with the same complaint. Rectal and ultrasonography examinations revealed counterclockwise 180° UT and a viable fetus. The animal was subjected again to SFL on the left side. After surgeries, the mare recovered well, foaled at term and gave birth to a viable filly. She was bred again and conceived. This case is documented to demonstrate the occurrence of a UT in both directions during the same gestation period in mares, as well as the efficacy of SFL in rectifying the condition and allowing both the mother and foal to survive.
Nrf2 cell signaling pathway is responsible for the antioxidant effect of resveratrol in aging
Authors: Franco Filipe Nogueira , Arrieta Orlando Alfredo Pineda , de Mello Silva Breno , Aragão Matheus Motta , Nagem Ronaldo Alves Pinto , de Araújo Glaucy Rodrigues , Chaves Miriam Martins
Published: August 2024

Introduction

One of the markers of aging is oxidative stress, a condition characterized by an increase in free radicals concomitant with a reduction in antioxidant defenses. Within this, resveratrol is a compound that has been shown to act as a potent antioxidant. However, few studies highlight the cellular signaling pathways that are activated or inhibited during aging and that are responsible for this biological effect.

Aim

To verify the antioxidant profile of resveratrol (5 μM) in leukocytes from donors in different age groups.

Methods

The project was approved by the Ethics Committee. Individuals were divided into three groups: 20–39, 40–59, and 60–80 years old. After separating the leukocytes, assays were performed to evaluate the AMPK (AMP‐activated protein kinase) and Nrf2 (erythroid nuclear factor 2‐related factor 2) pathways. In addition, luciferase assay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were performed to evaluate transcription factor activation and Nrf2 expression, respectively. The analysis between age and treatment was performed using Pearson correlation (*P < 0.05).

Results

There was a reduction in the antioxidant effect of resveratrol during the aging process. In leukocytes from donors over 60 years of age, the AMPK pathway was silenced. Nrf2 was active at all ages. There was an increase in the activation of the transcription factor and phosphorylated protein in all age groups.

Conclusions

Nrf2 is an important biochemical mechanism responsible for the antioxidant effect of resveratrol. This effect diminishes with aging but is still observed. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 954–961.
Do high housing prices inhibit entrepreneurial activity?—Evidence from Yangtze River Delta cities, China
Authors: Juanfeng Zhang , Yupiaopiao Lin , Rui Han , Lele Li , Hui Zeng
Published: August 2024

Contrary to the existing literature that suggests the inhibitory or facilitating effect of housing prices on entrepreneurial dynamism, this paper explores the nonlinear effect of housing prices on entrepreneurship and countervailing effect of entrepreneurial dynamism on housing prices, in addition to investigating the spatial interaction between the two. This paper constructs a simultaneous equation model (SEM) to empirically test the interaction and spillover effects between housing prices and entrepreneurial dynamism. The results show that: (1) there is a two‐way interaction between housing prices and entrepreneurial dynamism; (2) the estimated coefficients of housing prices and the quadratic square term of housing prices (14.285 and −0.744, respectively) are consistent and significant as expected, indicating an inverted U‐shaped effect of housing prices on entrepreneurial dynamism; and (3) in geospatial terms, there are positive spatial spillovers and negative spatial interaction effects for both house prices and entrepreneurial dynamism in Yangtze River Delta cities.
Bioclinical features of haemophilia patients in Benin in 2023: Towards better care
Authors: Baglo Tatiana , Zohoun Alban , Mohamed Falilatou Agbeille , Araba Ferrelle , Houssou Bienvenu , Anani Ludovic , Kindé‐Gazard Dorothée , Fall Awa Touré , Ryman Anne , Gruel Yves , Pouplard Claire
Published: August 2024

Objective

To analyse the demographic, clinical and laboratory data of Beninese patients with haemophilia.

Method

A prospective survey was conducted in three different hospitals of Benin from April 2021 to March 2022, to analyse clinical and biological features of patients with haemophilia previously diagnosed or identified based on personal/family history.

Results

A total of 101 patients were studied, 97 with haemophilia A and 4 with haemophilia B, including 26 new cases identified after family investigation. Their median age was 11 years, and the most frequent initial manifestations were cutaneous‐mucosal haemorrhages (29.70%) and post‐circumcision haemorrhages (25.74%). Previous joint bleedings were present in 77% of them, with an arthropathy in 65 cases, which particularly affected the knees (75%), elbows (41%) and ankles (29%). Factor VIII (FVIII) levels combined with activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) values did not always enable, as would be expected, the distinction between severe and moderate haemophilia, since they were >1 IU/dl in 31 of 74 patients with APTT > 80 s, and between 1 and 2 IU/dl in 26 other cases with previous joint haemorrhages, including 18 with chronic arthropathy. Therefore, for these patients, severe haemophilia could not be excluded, and this uncertainty probably reflects technical difficulties affecting the pre‐analytical and analytical stages of the APTT and FVIII/IX assays.

Conclusion

Our study proved that haemophilia is a significant reality in Benin, but also remains under‐diagnosed in some districts of the country. In addition, more reliable biological tests are needed in the future to better define the severity of the disease and improve treatment of patients.
Being watched: The aftermath of covert policing
Authors: Loftus Bethan , Feilzer Martina , Goold Benjamin
Published: August 2024

The ongoing Undercover Policing Inquiry (UCPI) is largely a response to a stream of national media scandals that exposed the illegal and unethical behaviour of undercover police officers in two secretive units. The testimony of those who were the targets of undercover operations has further exposed the human costs stemming from the personalised and highly invasive surveillance undertaken by anonymous state agents. In this article, we reflect upon the existing research on covert policing and identify new areas for conceptual and methodological engagement, with a view to better understanding the harms that these secretive operations can generate. Attending to the inherent and inescapable intimacy of covert policing offers a much‐needed opportunity to explore the effects of a unique state practice that can radically alter the lives of individual surveillance subjects, and which tests our conventional understandings of the legitimacy and limits of force, coercion and police power.
Exploring the acceptance of generative artificial intelligence for language learning among EFL postgraduate students: An extended TAM approach
Authors: Ma Muqing
Published: August 2024

This study delves into the acceptance of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) for English language learning among Chinese postgraduate students, examining how individual, social, and technological factors influence this process. Utilizing an extended technology acceptance model, the research collected data from 497 students via a survey, analyzed through partial least square‐structural equation modeling. Key findings underscore personal innovativeness, subjective norms, and trust as significant predictors of GenAI adoption, with an intricate interplay between perceived ease of use and usefulness affecting behavioral intentions. The insights offer theoretical and practical implications for enhancing GenAI's educational integration, emphasizing the importance of fostering innovation, peer influence, trust, and support infrastructure. This contribution enriches the understanding of GenAI's educational potential, particularly in non‐native English contexts, paving the way for further exploration in this evolving domain.
Transcontinental trajectories: Exploring Russian war‐induced migration dynamics in Brazil
Authors: Ruseishvili Svetlana , Ryazantsev Sergey
Published: August 2024

The Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 resulted in a massive exodus of Ukrainians to Europe but also the emigration of Russian citizens. While attention has primarily been on the flow of Russian migrants to neighbouring countries, intercontinental migrations to regions like South America have been overlooked. This paper sheds light on the growing trend of Russians settling in Brazil. Drawing on a comprehensive dataset of migration statistics and qualitative data from empirical fieldwork conducted between 2019 and 2023 in three Brazilian cities, our analysis reveals that new Russian migrants to Brazil are primarily young, highly skilled and resourceful individuals. Unlike in other regions, family migration with young children is common among recent Russian migrants to Brazil. We show that strategic births ‐ using the birth of children to gain  residency and citizenship ‐has become the primary migration channel, forming a new migration system characterised by intensive circulation and turnover between Russia and Brazil. Moreover, while Russian emigration is driven by political reasons, the incorporation of migrants into Brazilian cities is influenced by the relatively privileged economic and legal status of these families. The paper contributes to a deeper understanding of complex migration patterns in the “Global South” by illuminating a geographically unconventional flow.
Refugee women and work: Evidence from an Australian longitudinal study
Authors: Flavel Joanne , Due Clemence , Howe Joanna , Ziersch Anna
Published: August 2024

Obtaining employment is a high priority for people with refugee backgrounds in countries of resettlement and an important aspect of integration. There are a range of barriers to gaining work for new arrivals; however, much of the existing quantitative evidence on characteristics of employment and facilitators and barriers to work faced by refugees does not consider gender or focuses primarily on men. We used a large, longitudinal survey of over 2000 refugees to Australia to identify characteristics of employment for refugee women and factors associated with the likelihood of employment. Refugee women had lower rates of employment compared with pre‐migration and were concentrated in lower‐skilled occupations. There were gender differences in predictors of employment outcomes and English language proficiency, living outside major cities and self‐assessed health were all significant determinants of employment for refugee women. The findings highlight the need for specifically considering the employment trajectories of refugee women and the importance of a gender‐informed employment strategy for new arrivals.