bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Total and regional body adiposity increases during menopause—evidence from a follow‐up study
Authors: Juppi Hanna‐Kaarina , Sipilä Sarianna , Fachada Vasco , Hyvärinen Matti , Cronin Neil , Aukee Pauliina , Karppinen Jari E. , Selänne Harri , Kujala Urho M. , Kovanen Vuokko , Karvinen Sira , Laakkonen Eija K.
Published: May 2022

For women, menopausal transition is a time of significant hormonal changes, which may contribute to altered body composition and regional adipose tissue accumulation. Excess adiposity, and especially adipose tissue accumulation in the central body region, increases women's risk of cardiovascular and metabolic conditions and affects physical functioning. We investigated the associations between menopausal progression and total and regional body adiposity measured with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and computed tomography in two longitudinal cohort studies of women aged 47–55 (n = 230 and 148, mean follow‐up times 1.3 ± 0.7 and 3.9 ± 0.2 years, mean baseline BMI 25.5 kg/m2). We also examined associations between menopausal progression and skeletal muscle fiber characteristics, as well as adipose tissue‐derived adipokines. Relative increases of 2%–14% were observed in regional and total body adiposity measures, with a pronounced fat mass increase in the android area (4% and 14% during short‐ and long‐term follow‐ups). Muscle fiber oxidative and glycolytic capacities and intracellular adiposity were not affected by menopause, but were differentially correlated with total and regional body adiposity at different menopausal stages. Menopausal progression and regional adipose tissue masses were positively associated with serum adiponectin and leptin, and negatively associated with resistin levels. Higher diet quality and physical activity level were also inversely associated with several body adiposity measures. Therefore, healthy lifestyle habits before and during menopause might delay the onset of severe metabolic conditions in women.
Computed tomography venography description of the normal anatomy of the canine hindlimb venous system
Authors: Besuden Klara Theresia , Meyer‐Lindenberg Andrea , Brühschwein Andreas
Published: May 2022

This study was performed to provide a description of the normal anatomy of the canine hindlimb veins using helical CT images. The studies of 30 dogs that underwent CT venography with a 64‐slice helical CT scanner were retrospectively reviewed. The dogs were positioned in a head‐first prone or head‐first supine body position. A topogram CT scan was performed from the pelvic limbs cranial to the iliac wings to the tips of the paws. Bolus‐tracking software was used for the dual‐phase angiogram, and contrast medium was administered in a cephalic vein. The venous phase was scanned after a delay time of a few seconds after the arterial phase in a caudocranial direction. Three‐dimensional images were generated using maximum intensity projections and volume rendering technique. Representative images of three of the 30 dogs were selected and anatomic structures labelled.
Hidradenitis suppurativa: Evaluating activity patterns and predictors of recalcitrant course–A population‐based study
Authors: Fisher Shani , Kagan Ilya , Zoller Lilach , Cohen Arnon D. , Kridin Khalaf
Published: May 2022

Background

Epidemiological evidence regarding the course and activity patterns of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is yet to be delineated.

Objective

To identify activity patterns of HS throughout the time axis and to outline predictors of recalcitrant disease course.

Methods

A population‐based retrospective cohort study was performed to follow patients with HS (n = 4417) throughout the initial 10 years following their diagnosis. The disease was considered active in a certain month if one of the following criteria was fulfilled: (i) purchase of an HS‐related drug, (ii) admission to a dermatological ward and (iii) referral to a dermatological consultation in an emergency room. Patients with a recalcitrant disease were defined as those with ≥5 years of follow‐up with ≥6 ‘active months’ each. Patients with an indolent course were defined as those experiencing ≥9 years of follow‐up with ≤1 ‘active months’ each.

Results

The average (SD) number of months in which patients had an active disease was 1.37 (1.28) months per year. While 98 (2.2%) patients pursued a recalcitrant course, 1390 (31.5%) went through an indolent disease course. Older age (≥38 years; adjusted OR, 6.17; 95% CI, 3.33–11.43), Arab ethnicity (adjusted OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.20–3.48), low socioeconomic status (adjusted OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.03–2.60), obesity (adjusted OR, 3.47; 95% CI, 2.25–5.34) and smoking (adjusted OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.57–4.47) were found to independently predict recalcitrant course of HS.

Conclusions

Mild course is more frequently encountered than severe course among Israeli patients with HS. Modifiable risk factors of recalcitrant course should be carefully addressed.
Spitzoid proliferative nodules arising in a congenital melanocytic naevus: A case report with clinical, dermoscopic and histologic correlation
Authors: Amat‐Samaranch Victoria , Yélamos Oriol , Agut‐Busquet Eugènia , Dalmau Joan , Mozos Ana , López Susana , Roé Esther
Published: May 2022

Proliferative nodules (PNs) are benign nodular proliferation of melanocytes occurring within congenital melanocytic naevi (CMN). Differential diagnosis between PN and melanoma is challenging for clinicians and pathologists. We describe the case of a 9‐month‐old boy who developed multiple nodules arising in a medium‐sized CMN. Clinically, pink papules were observed, with dotted vessels on dermoscopy, suggesting spitzoid PN. On histopathological examination, the dermoscopic findings correlated with the vertical vessels of a spitzoid PN. Dermoscopy could be a useful tool to differentiate PN from melanoma. However, further studies describing the dermoscopic features of the different PN subtypes are needed. Histopathology remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis aided by ancillary molecular tests such as fluorescence in situ hybridization or comparative genomic hybridization.
Gingival crevicular fluid from pregnant women impairs trophoblast cell function and trophoblast‐neutrophil interaction
Authors: Hauk Vanesa , D'Eramo Luciana , Calo Guillermina , Merech Fátima , Doga Luciana , Lara Brenda , Gliosca Laura , Massone Carla , Molgatini Susana , Ramhorst Rosanna , Squassi Aldo , Pérez Leirós Claudia
Published: May 2022

Problem

A strong association between periodontitis and higher susceptibility to pregnancy complications like preeclampsia has been reported although the mechanisms remain elusive. Trophoblast cells modulate the recruitment and functional shaping of maternal leukocytes at early stages to sustain an antiinflammatory microenvironment and fetal growth. Neutrophil activation with reactive oxygen species (ROS) release is associated with preeclampsia. Our aim was to study the effect of the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from pregnant women on trophoblast cell function and trophoblast‐neutrophil interaction.

Method of study

Pregnant women at 16–20 weeks of gestation (n = 27) and non‐pregnant women (n = 8) as the control group were studied for gingivoperiodontal clinical score evaluation and GCF collection. Total bacteria and common periodontal pathogens were analyzed in GCF samples. The effect of each GCF sample was tested on first trimester trophoblast‐derived cells to assess cell migration, cytokine expression and glucose uptake. Also, the effect of GCF on human peripheral neutrophil chemoattraction by trophoblast cells and ROS formation was assessed.

Results

Gingival crevicular fluid from pregnant women reduced trophoblast cell migration, increased proinflammatory marker expression and glucose uptake. A significant correlation between gingivoperiodontal score and trophoblast dysfunction was observed. Upon conditioning of trophoblast cells with GCF, only the GCF from pregnant women stimulated neutrophil chemoattraction. Similarly, GCF from pregnant but not from non‐pregnant controls stimulated ROS formation in neutrophils.

Conclusions

Gingival crevicular fluid from pregnant women is deleterious for first trimester trophoblast cell function. These effects could lead to placental homeostasis disruption underlying a pathogenic mechanism of pregnancy complications associated to periodontal disease.
Remaining, Vital Acts, and Possibility: The Exercise of “Sustaining Oneself” in a Residential Care Center for the Elderly in Lima, Peru
Authors: Zegarra Chiappori Magdalena
Published: May 2022

In Peru, many older adults are reaching old age in conditions of extreme vulnerability. As a result, it is becoming more common in cities like Lima to find cases of elderly people who are institutionalized due to family abandonment or lack of material resources. Centered on the concept of “remaining,” this article explores how seniors from a residential center in the Peruvian capital manage to develop strategies to cope with the present—strategies I have called “vital acts”—in order to find a possibility to live otherwise when they are left with no choice but to dwell in a precarious setting. I argue that, when faced with the difficulties of an institutionalized life, these men and women choose to “remain” as they look for creative ways to endure in the world beyond the fact of its often limiting nature. My article, thus, offers an innovative understanding of how people encounter and address adversity in life that is broader than the commonly‐known concept of resilience.
Ketamine treatment for refractory anxiety: A systematic review
Authors: Tully Jamie L. , Dahlén Amelia D. , Haggarty Connor J. , Schiöth Helgi B. , Brooks Samantha
Published: May 2022

There is a growing interest in the psychiatric properties of the dissociative anaesthetic ketamine, as single doses have been shown to have fast‐acting mood‐enhancing and anxiolytic effects, which persist for up to a week after the main psychoactive symptoms have diminished. Therefore, ketamine poses potential beneficial effects in patients with refractory anxiety disorders, where other conventional anxiolytics have been ineffective. Ketamine is a noncompetitive antagonist of the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor, which underlies its induction of pain relief and anaesthesia. However, the role of NMDA receptors in anxiety reduction is still relatively unknown. To fill this paucity in the literature, this systematic review assesses the evidence that ketamine significantly reduces refractory anxiety and discusses to what extent this may be mediated by NMDA receptor antagonism and other receptors. We highlight the temporary nature of the anxiolytic effects and discuss the high discrepancy among the study designs regarding many fundamental factors such as administration routes, complementary treatments and other treatments.
The importance of CYP2C19 genotype in tacrolimus dose optimization when concomitant with voriconazole in heart transplant recipients
Authors: Huang Xiao , Zhou Ying , Zhang Jing , Xiang Hongping , Mei Hao , Liu Li , Tong Lu , Zeng Fang , Huang Yifei , Zhou Hong , Zhang Yu
Published: May 2022

Aims

Voriconazole remains the mainstay for the treatment of invasive fungal infections in heart transplant patients and can significantly increase tacrolimus exposure because of drug‐drug interaction (DDI). However, the magnitude of this DDI is highly variable and difficult to predict. The purpose of this study was to present the characteristics of the DDI between tacrolimus and voriconazole, and further identify the various predictors of tacrolimus dose modification.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled 69 heart transplant recipients who did not use voriconazole as the control and 68 patients received voriconazole treatment in voriconazole group. CYP3A4*1G, CYP3A5*3 and CYP2C19*2 or *3 were thereafter genotyped by Sanger sequencing. The dose of tacrolimus required to achieve the therapeutic concentrations and tacrolimus dose‐corrected trough concentration (C0/D) before and after VRC administration was evaluated.

Results

The DDI between tacrolimus and voriconazole displayed a large interindividual variability with more than 10‐fold changes in tacrolimus dose (range 1.28‐13.00) and C0/D (range 1.43‐13.75). In addition, the fold changes for the tacrolimus dose were associated with CYP2C19 genotype, which was found to be significantly lower in CYP2C19 extensive metabolizers than in CYP2C19 intermediate metabolizers or poor metabolizers (4.06 ± 1.85 vs 5.49 ± 2.47, P = .0031). However, no significant difference was found in both CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 genotypes. Moreover, CYP2C19 genotype and hematocrit acted as independent predicting factors for tacrolimus dose modification after voriconazole co‐therapy.

Conclusions

The findings of this study have identified the various important factors to adjust tacrolimus dosage when co‐administrated with voriconazole in individual patients. CYP2C19 genotype and haematocrit should be considered when tailoring tacrolimus dose.
Review: Impact of urgent youth outpatient mental health care on patient and health system outcomes – a scoping review
Authors: Xie Mary , Wodzinski Michael , Gajaria Amy , Battaglia Marco , Rotem Amit
Published: May 2022

Background

Young people often face barriers to psychiatric care and are increasingly seeking crisis services for mental health issues through the emergency department (ED). Urgent psychiatric care models provide youth in crisis with rapid access to time‐limited mental health care on an outpatient basis. This scoping review aims to evaluate the impact of such urgent psychiatric services for youth aged 13–25 on patient and health system outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a literature search on PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for studies published from inception to November 20, 2020. We included studies that described outpatient psychiatric services designed for youth aged 13 to 25, took place in a clinical setting, and offered any combination of assessment, treatment, and referral. We excluded studies describing suicide intervention programmes.

Results

Our search yielded six studies, four of which were descriptive studies and two of which were randomized controlled trials. Most studies found that access to urgent psychiatric care for youth was associated with reduced ED volumes, fewer health system costs, and fewer hospitalizations. None of the studies presented evidence that urgent psychiatric services are associated with improved patient symptomatology or functioning.

Conclusions

The results of this scoping review highlight the scarcity of robust evidence evaluating the effectiveness of urgent care for youth mental health. Further experimental studies and a set of standardized quality measures for evaluating these services are needed to bridge this critical gap in mental health care for youth in crisis.
Autogenous dentin block versus bone block for horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation and staged implant placement: A randomized controlled clinical trial including histologic assessment
Authors: Elraee Leila , Abdel Gaber Hala Kamal , Elsayed Hakem H. , Adel‐Khattab Doaa
Published: May 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to compare the dentin block (D‐group) harvested from impacted wisdom teeth with autogenous ramus bone block (A‐group) for horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation.

Materials and methods

Forty‐two patients with anterior missing teeth and horizontal ridge defect were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 21 per group) to receive either dentin block group or autogenous bone block. Six months after the augmentation, dental implants were placed in all patients, and a core biopsy was performed for histological evaluation in addition to clinical and radiographic evaluation using cone beam computed tomography. The primary outcome was the mean overall clinical ridge width gain (CRWG) after 6 months of augmentation. Secondary outcomes were the overall radiographic ridge width gain (RRWG) after 6 months of augmentation and descriptive histological analysis with histomorphometric assessment of bone fraction %.

Results

All sites healed uneventfully, and the mean overall CRWG 6 months after augmentation was 3.52 ± 0.56 mm and 2.24 ± 0.86 mm in the D and A groups, respectively, with statistically significant difference between them (P ≤ .001). The overall mean RRWG was 3.61 ± 0.61 mm and 3.41 ± 1.15 mm in D and A groups, respectively, without any statistically significant difference between them (p = .062). The histomorphometric analysis of the bone area fraction was 42.6% and 41.3% in D and A groups, respectively, without any statistically significant difference between the two values (p = .89, Student's t‐test). Histological evaluation in the D‐group revealed new bone formation, viable cells, and matrix formation on the dentin block periphery, in addition to well‐organized woven bone that suggests dentin block remodeling and supports new bone deposition.

Conclusion

The present clinical study revealed that dentin block may serve as an alternative graft to support horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation. Dentin blocks showed less resorption than autogenous bone blocks.
Challenges of and opportunities for protecting European soil biodiversity
Authors: Zeiss Romy , Eisenhauer Nico , Orgiazzi Alberto , Rillig Matthias , Buscot François , Jones Arwyn , Lehmann Anika , Reitz Thomas , Smith Linnea , Guerra Carlos A.
Published: May 2022

Soil biodiversity and related ecosystem functions are neglected in most biodiversity assessments and nature conservation actions. We examined how society, and particularly policy makers, have addressed these factors worldwide with a focus on Europe and explored the role of soils in nature conservation in Germany as an example. We reviewed past and current global and European policies, compared soil ecosystem functioning in‐ and outside protected areas, and examined the role of soils in nature conservation management via text analyses. Protection and conservation of soil biodiversity and soil ecosystem functioning have been insufficient. Soil‐related policies are unenforceable and lack soil biodiversity conservation goals, focusing instead on other environmental objectives. We found no evidence of positive effects of current nature conservation measures in multiple soil ecosystem functions in Europe. In German conservation management, soils are considered only from a limited perspective (e.g., as physicochemical part of the environment and as habitat for aboveground organisms). By exploring policy, evidence, and management as it relates to soil ecosystems, we suggest an integrative perspective to move nature conservation toward targeting soil ecosystems directly (e.g., by setting baselines, monitoring soil threats, and establishing a soil indicator system).
The drivers of wild meat consumption in rural Cameroon: Insights for wild meat alternative project design
Authors: Brittain Stephanie , Kamogne Tagne Cedric Thibaut , Roe Dilys , Booker Francesca , Mouamfon Mama , Maddison Neil , Ngomna Tsabong Soreya Djibrila , Mfone Nteroupe Salihou , Milner‐Gulland E. J.
Published: May 2022

Projects providing alternative foods to wild meat in rural areas are commonplace across West and Central Africa to try and curb unsustainable hunting, regarded as a major concern for conservation and local food security. However, there lacks locally specific research on the preferences and drivers of wild meat consumption in rural areas—essential information for guiding such interventions. We carry out semi‐structured interviews with 542 people in four rural villages around the Dja Faunal Reserve in Cameroon, to understand the importance of wild meat, explore people's food choices, identify the drivers of wild meat consumption, and explore variation in the drivers and barriers to eating wild meat and its alternatives. We found that wild meat is preferred to meat from domestic livestock or wild caught fish. Many of the most commonly preferred wild meat species (porcupine and blue duiker) are relatively abundant, with the exception of pangolin which is globally endangered but which people reportedly prefer because of its good taste. Good taste, perceived health benefits, and easy accessibility are the key drivers of consumption, while taboos, an off‐putting appearance, and health concerns play a strong role in species avoidance, particularly for great apes and large ungulates. Village‐level differences in the drivers of consumption were observed, possibly influenced by their proximity to the reserve, to markets, participation in alternatives projects, and to law enforcement. That people in rural Cameroon care about health and taste in their choices, rather than simply availability or cost, challenges the assumptions that underpin many alternative meat projects. Our findings provide an understanding of consumer drivers to help to guide wild meat alternative interventions in rural areas. We urge wild meat alternatives designers to account for the heterogeneity of preferences and drivers within communities, to help ensure that projects reach both their conservation and social objectives.
COVID‐19: The Political Economy of a Global Pandemic
Authors: Sathyamala C.
Published: May 2022

It is two years since a microbe, SARS‐CoV‐2, a ‘novel’ coronavirus, travelled through the world to wreak havoc on the lives of humans across the globe. Although the total number of global COVID‐19 deaths, currently estimated at 6 million, comes nowhere near the 50 million deaths of the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918‒19 to which it has been compared, the impact of COVID‐19 and the measures to control it have been far more devastating to humans and economies. This virtual issue gleans insights from selected papers in previous issues of Development and Change to contribute to the ongoing debate on the COVID‐19 pandemic by touching upon its political economy aspects. The articles put together in this virtual issue try to demonstrate that pandemics are not a ‘fact of life’. They are very much rooted in the processes of capital accumulation and the ensuing destruction of the global ecosystems that makes zoonoses a recurring imminent threat. In the context of a hyper‐connected globalized world, regional and global pandemics could well become the norm. Meanwhile, neoliberal reforms and restructuring have left the health sector unable to handle the public health crisis caused by COVID‐19. At the same time, with the waiving and dilution of well‐established norms of regulation for testing and marketing of vaccines and drugs, the pandemic has created opportunities for accumulation in the healthcare technology industry, specifically the pharmaceutical sector. It is hoped that this virtual issue will contribute to the ongoing debate on the emergence of ‘novel’ diseases and pandemics by shifting the current focus from the disease agent (the virus) and broadening the concern to include the larger social determinants which are rooted in the global political economy.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mediate how plant herbivory history influences herbivore performance
Authors: Locke Hannah , Crawford Kerri M.
Published: May 2022

Herbivore performance is influenced by plant host quality and chemical defences, both of which are influenced by belowground symbionts of plants and herbivory history. The previous herbivory may suppress or facilitate subsequent herbivore performance through changes in plant chemistry and tissue quality. Likewise, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) can alter both plant quality and plant responses to aboveground herbivory, as mycorrhizal‐mediated alterations of the nutritional budget may alter leaf nutritional quality, chemical profiles, and available leaf surface area.

Despite evidence that both herbivory history and AM fungi can independently affect herbivore performance, few studies directly test both at the same time. Here, the role of AM fungi and herbivory history on the performance of a pest insect (Spodoptera frugiperda) on a common forb (Solidago altissima) grown with different AM fungal additions (no AM fungi, single species, multispecies) was directly tested.

Evidence that the effect of herbivory history on herbivore performance depended on the AM fungal environment of the plant was found. Specifically, the composition of the AM fungal additions altered the directionality of herbivore performance on plants with and without prior herbivory. Without added AM fungi, herbivores demonstrated a classically suppressed growth rate on grazed plants. With a single species AM fungi added, herbivores performed the same on host plants, regardless of herbivory history. With diverse AM fungi added, herbivore growth increased on grazed plants. Mycorrhizal‐mediated changes in plant chemical profiles did not explain herbivore performance. These results emphasise the need for direct tests of mycorrhizal diversity on plant‐insect interactions.
A multi‐hit hypothesis for an APOE4‐dependent pathophysiological state
Authors: Steele Oliver George , Stuart Alexander Cameron , Minkley Lucy , Shaw Kira , Bonnar Orla , Anderle Silvia , Penn Andrew Charles , Rusted Jennifer , Serpell Louise , Hall Catherine , King Sarah
Published: May 2022

The APOE gene encoding the Apolipoprotein E protein is the single most significant genetic risk factor for late‐onset Alzheimer's disease. The APOE4 genotype confers a significantly increased risk relative to the other two common genotypes APOE3 and APOE2. Intriguingly, APOE4 has been associated with neuropathological and cognitive deficits in the absence of Alzheimer's disease‐related amyloid or tau pathology. Here, we review the extensive literature surrounding the impact of APOE genotype on central nervous system dysfunction, focussing on preclinical model systems and comparison of APOE3 and APOE4, given the low global prevalence of APOE2. A multi‐hit hypothesis is proposed to explain how APOE4 shifts cerebral physiology towards pathophysiology through interconnected hits. These hits include the following: neurodegeneration, neurovascular dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, endosomal trafficking impairments, lipid and cellular metabolism disruption, impaired calcium homeostasis and altered transcriptional regulation. The hits, individually and in combination, leave the APOE4 brain in a vulnerable state where further cumulative insults will exacerbate degeneration and lead to cognitive deficits in the absence of Alzheimer's disease pathology and also a state in which such pathology may more easily take hold. We conclude that current evidence supports an APOE4 multi‐hit hypothesis, which contributes to an APOE4 pathophysiological state. We highlight key areas where further study is required to elucidate the complex interplay between these individual mechanisms and downstream consequences, helping to frame the current landscape of existing APOE‐centric literature.
Rapid screening for neglect following stroke: A systematic search and European Academy of Neurology recommendations
Authors: Moore Margaret , Milosevich Elise , Beisteiner Roland , Bowen Audrey , Checketts Matthew , Demeyere Nele , Fordell Helena , Godefroy Olivier , Laczó Jan , Rich Timothy , Williams Lindy , Woodward‐Nutt Kate , Husain Masud
Published: May 2022

Background and purpose

Unilateral neglect is a common cognitive disorder following stroke. Neglect has a significant impact on functional outcomes, so it is important to detect. However, there is no consensus on which are the best screening tests to administer to detect neglect in time‐limited clinical environments.

Methods

Members of the European Academy of Neurology Scientific Panel on Higher Cortical Functions, neuropsychologists, occupational therapists, and researchers produced recommendations for primary and secondary tests for bedside neglect testing based on a rigorous literature review, data extraction, online consensus meeting, and subsequent iterations.

Results

A total of 512 articles were screened, and 42 were included. These reported data from 3367 stroke survivors assessed using 62 neglect screens. Tests were grouped into cancellation, line bisection, copying, reading/writing, and behavioral. Cancellation tasks were most frequently used (97.6% of studies), followed by bisection, copying, behavioral, and reading/writing assessments. The panel recommended a cancellation test as the primary screening test if there is time to administer only one test. One of several cancellation tests might be used, depending on availability. If time permits, one or more of line bisection, figure copying, and baking tray task were recommended as secondary tests. Finally, if a functional and ecological test is feasible, the Catherine Bergego Scale was recommended. Overall, the literature suggests that no single test on its own is sufficient to exclude a diagnosis of neglect. Therefore, the panel recommended that multiple neglect tests should be used whenever possible.

Conclusions

This study provides consensus recommendations for rapid bedside detection of neglect in real‐world, clinical environments.
INZ‐701, a recombinant ENPP1 enzyme, prevents ectopic calcification in an Abcc6−/− mouse model of pseudoxanthoma elasticum
Authors: Jacobs Ida Joely , Cheng Zhiliang , Ralph Douglas , O'Brien Kevin , Flaman Lisa , Howe Jennifer , Thompson David , Uitto Jouni , Li Qiaoli , Sabbagh Yves
Published: May 2022

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), a heritable multisystem ectopic calcification disorder, is predominantly caused by inactivating mutations in ABCC6. The encoded protein, ABCC6, is a hepatic efflux transporter and a key regulator of extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). Recent studies demonstrated that deficiency of plasma PPi, a potent endogenous calcification inhibitor, is the underlying cause of PXE. This study examined whether restoring plasma PPi levels by INZ‐701, a recombinant human ENPP1 protein, the principal PPi‐generating enzyme, prevents ectopic calcification in an Abcc6−/− mouse model of PXE. Abcc6−/− mice, at 6 weeks of age, the time of earliest stages of ectopic calcification, were injected subcutaneously with INZ‐701 at 2 or 10 mg/kg for 2 or 8 weeks. INZ‐701 at both doses increased steady‐state plasma ENPP1 activity and PPi levels. In the 8‐week treatment study, histopathologic examination and quantification of the calcium content in INZ‐701‐treated Abcc6−/− mice revealed significantly reduced calcification in the muzzle skin containing vibrissae, a biomarker of the calcification process in these mice. The extent of calcification corresponds to the local expression of two calcification inhibitors, osteopontin and fetuin‐A. These results suggest that INZ‐701 might provide a therapeutic approach for PXE, a disease with high unmet needs and no approved treatment.
Geomorphological processes shape plant community traits in the Arctic
Authors: Kemppinen Julia , Niittynen Pekka , Happonen Konsta , le Roux Peter C. , Aalto Juha , Hjort Jan , Maliniemi Tuija , Karjalainen Olli , Rautakoski Helena , Luoto Miska
Published: May 2022

Aim

Geomorphological processes profoundly affect plant establishment and distributions, but their influence on functional traits is insufficiently understood. Here, we unveil trait–geomorphology relationships in Arctic plant communities.

Location

High‐Arctic Svalbard, low‐Arctic Greenland and sub‐Arctic Fennoscandia.

Time period

2011–2018.

Major taxa studied

Vascular plants.

Methods

We collected field‐quantified data on vegetation, geomorphological processes, microclimate and soil properties from 5,280 plots and 200 species across the three Arctic regions. We combined these data with database trait records to relate local plant community trait composition to dominant geomorphological processes of the Arctic, namely cryoturbation, deflation, fluvial processes and solifluction. We investigated the relationship between plant functional traits and geomorphological processes using hierarchical generalized additive modelling.

Results

Our results demonstrate that community‐level traits are related to geomorphological processes, with cryoturbation most strongly influencing both structural and leaf economic traits. These results were consistent across regions, suggesting a coherent biome‐level trait response to geomorphological processes.

Main conclusions

The results indicate that geomorphological processes shape plant community traits in the Arctic. We provide empirical evidence for the existence of generalizable relationships between plant functional traits and geomorphological processes. The results indicate that the relationships are consistent across these three distinct tundra regions and that geomorphological processes should be considered in future investigations of functional traits.
Sensory, physicochemical and rheological properties of plant‐based milk alternatives made from soybean, peanut, adlay, adzuki bean, oat and buckwheat
Authors: Yao Yueying , He Wenmeng , Cai Xifan , Bekhit Alaa El‐Din Ahmed , Xu Baojun
Published: May 2022

This study investigated the physicochemical and sensory properties of six types of plant‐based milk alternatives prepared from soybean, peanut, adlay, adzuki bean, oat and buckwheat at a 1:9 grain‐to‐water ratio. The results revealed that all plant‐based milk types had stable hydrocolloid systems, except for the buckwheat milk alternative that had undergone a gelatinisation process that affected its rheological and sensory properties. The pH values and total solid content of the prepared plant‐based milk samples ranged between 6.60 to 6.83 and 2.13 to 8.17 g/100 mL, respectively. The sensory results showed that the overall liking score of adlay, adzuki bean and peanut milk alternative was 5.32, 5.30 and 6.10, respectively, suggesting a potential for commercial production. In conclusion, this investigation provides new insights on several new plant sources for plant‐based milk alternatives. Further studies are required to investigate the digestibility and the nutritional effects expected from plant‐based milk alternatives such as protein bioavailability, and the effects on human health compared to other animal milks.
Measuring residential segregation in multi‐ethnic and unequal European cities
Authors: Benassi Federico , Naccarato Alessia , Iglesias‐Pascual Ricardo , Salvati Luca , Strozza Salvatore
Published: May 2022

Immigration flows and social inequalities reflect increased social and multi‐ethnic segregation in contemporary urban Europe. For a better understanding of these processes, the present study investigates the main strengths of the multi‐group residential indices, testing sensitivity and reliability under different metropolitan contexts in five European countries. These indices focus on different research dimensions and approach multi‐group residential segregation conceptually and mathematically in a different way. A multivariate exploratory data analysis was adopted to classify the observed segregation patterns into a few homogeneous types and to delineate the multivariate relationship between the indices. The results of principal component analysis demonstrate that the indices assessing uniformity and disproportionality of the social groups analysed (H and D) contribute largely to the diversification in today's multi‐ethnic communities, clarifying the importance of the dimension of evenness. Our results highlight how segregation is more evident in economically disadvantaged metropolitan regions with high levels of social vulnerability.
Cultures of unwelcome: Understanding the everyday histories of exclusionary practices – A view from across the German border
Authors: Lems Annika
Published: May 2022

This article sheds light on the socio‐cultural dynamics Merkel's open‐door policy set in motion in Austria. Based on the Anti‐Merkel discourses that came to infiltrate Austrian mainstream politics, it will show how the summer of displacements 2015 led to a pronounced move to the right. While many commentators have tended to link the post‐2015 triumph of reactionary parties to the sense of crisis caused by the few months the European Union opened its borders to asylum seekers, the article demonstrates that we need to be more careful in our analyses of the roots of exclusion. By zooming in on the everydayness of anti‐cosmopolitan practices in an Austrian mountain community, it argues that if we are to understand the current backlash against liberal and cosmopolitan ideas we need to pay attention to genealogies of exclusionary practices, or ‘cultures of unwelcome’.
A case study to explore the key factors that influence international students’ immigration intention in Taiwan: A revised model of goal‐directed behaviour
Authors: Huang Rui‐Ting
Published: May 2022

The primary purpose of this study is to probe not only the key factors that might influence international students’ attitude towards the host country and their desire to stay there, but also key elements that might enhance their intention to stay in the host country after completing their studies. A total of 211 international students in Taiwan participated in this study. Study results indicated international students’ attitude and their desire to stay in the host country were positively connected with their intention to stay in the host country after completing their study. Additionally, perceived behavioural control, perception of the labour market and subjective norms strongly affect international students’ attitude towards staying in the host country. Third, positive anticipated emotion and negative anticipated emotion play a key role in determining the desire to stay in the host country. The findings of this study suggest policy implications for establishing a more positive immigration policy.
Making sense of (mis)matched frames of reference: A dynamic cognitive theory of (in)stability in HR practices: A dialogue
Authors: Cobb J. Adam
Published: May 2022

Budd, Pohler, and Huang (Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 2021) proposed a theory about how managers’ and employees’ (mis)matched frames of reference regarding employment relationships help explain HR outcomes observed in practice. In this response, I pose some questions about the scope of the theory, possible contingencies, and potential confounding mechanisms in hopes of motivating additional dialogue regarding the importance that frames of reference play in how employment relationships are enacted.
Transformation, Mission, Reconciliation, and Unity
Authors: Kaunda Mutale M.
Published: May 2022

This article argues that for Christ’s love to be reflected in the Christian call to mission, it should be seen from the perspective of the cross: self‐emptying and selfless love that seeks the good of the other just as the self. It argues that mission is critical for transformation, unity, and reconciliation. There cannot be full realization of unity and of reconciliation without the cross. Mission starts from within before it can reach out to others if it is to bring about human dignity and transformation. Christian mission has been on a pilgrimage of love, justice, peace, and unity for decades. The self‐emptying and a selfless love of the cross is a love that sees the other through the self and brings humanity close to reconciliation, love, and unity. Because the church has been searching for reconciliation and unity for many decades, history shows that there cannot be reconciliation – at least for Christianity – without reference to the cross. At the cross, the love of Christ, the love of God, was shared. This was a love that saw need in the other and was willing to reach from deep within the self out and share this love and bring reconciliation and unity to humanity. The cross symbolizes a love so deep it was willing to die so that the other could have life in full. It was a love that saw the other as equally important and needed to be reconciled.
Missionary Cooperation as a Common Witness of Christian Hope and Fraternity
Authors: Mazzolini Sandra
Published: May 2022

Since the Second Vatican Council to our own day, the awareness of the correlation between ecclesial unity and mission has increased within the Roman Catholic tradition and beyond. At the same time, our contemporaneity has challenged Christian traditions to develop the understanding of their evangelizing mission. In this framework, the implications of the link between missionary cooperation and Christian unity can be expressed in terms of a common witness of Christian hope and fraternity. While the first part of this article focuses on perspectives the Second Vatican Council introduced in Ad gentes 35–36, the second part illustrates aspects of their development in today’s context, which open up paths for our future as well.
Strengthening Unity for the Missional Church
Authors: Lin Peirong
Published: May 2022

The church, sent by the missional God, participates in God’s mission through both its deeds and its being. The church’s witness is directly related to the unity of its believers. Racism disrupts unity in the church and can be countered only through intentional effort. This paper discusses how theological education can help to counter racism in the church. By “theological education” I refer to learning for all Christians, centred on individual and community formation. The cultivation of belonging is described as key to this formation, based on the fact that humans are created to live our lives together. Two relevant aspects of belonging are further described: our limited situational understanding as creatures and the community we foster together. The acceptance of our limited situational understanding takes a non‐foundationalist view to theology and realizes the need to broaden one’s theological syllabus. As a community, it is important that relationality is fostered. Effort should be taken to recognize one’s personal bias and also to understand the other on their own terms.
Mission Education in Burma, 1600–1948
Authors: Mang Pum Za
Published: May 2022

Scholars, historians, and researchers who are keenly interested in Burmese studies have not paid enough attention to the considerable roles Christian missionaries played in the history of precolonial and colonial Burma. This article explores the neglected and hidden history of the Western missionaries who introduced modern education to Burma and who educated some of the best minds of the Burmese at that time. Despite missionaries being underrated and criticized by some Burman nationalists and politicians, they made a remarkable contribution to education in Burmese history. Education was and has always been crowned in Christianity, and advancing education remains indispensable to Christian mission in Burma and elsewhere. Public knowledge of this constructive story in history would be helpful for Buddhist–Christian relations.
The Influence of John Dewey’s Pragmatism on the Church Growth Movement
Authors: Pietsch R. Vivian
Published: May 2022

Missionary strategies impact the attainment of goals and growth. The fundamental concern for Christian missions ought to be how knowledge is gained and utilized in evangelism and church growth. Christian missions must determine appropriate means to achieve the telos of fulfilling the Great Commission, making disciples, and teaching them to obey all of Christ’s commands. Some missiologists and theologians emphasize the means of missions, while others focus on the end goal of church growth. The Church Growth Movement emphasizes the telos of efficiency in instrumental and experiential church growth, which can be measured and reproduced efficiently by employing pragmatic tools. This article will establish that the Church Growth Movement is indivisible from John Dewey’s philosophy of pragmatism, which had an observable impact on notable Church Growth scholars Donald McGavran and C. Peter Wagner. Dewey’s emphasis on instrumentalism and experiential pragmatism shaped the methodology of the Church Growth Movement, utilizing principles of Wagner’s consecrated pragmatism and evidence‐based growth practices in fulfilling the Great Commission.
“I Believe I Can and Should”: Self‐efficacy, Normative Beliefs and Conservation Behavior
Authors: Pradhananga Amit K. , Davenport Mae A.
Published: May 2022

This study examines the social‐psychological drivers of conservation action among landowners in Minnesota. In particular, we apply an integrated norm activation theory to understand landowner conservation behavior. Data were collected through a self‐administered mail survey of 3,000 landowners in La Crescent and Reno Watersheds in Southeastern Minnesota and analyzed using structural equation modeling. Study findings show that landowners' conservation action is driven by their feelings of personal obligation, and beliefs about whether one is capable of taking actions to influence outcomes (i.e., self‐efficacy). Landowners who feel a sense of personal obligation and believe that their actions can make a difference are more likely to take conservation actions. Further, landowners who believe it is their personal responsibility to protect water and perceive social expectations are more likely to develop feelings of personal obligation. Importantly, this study highlights the role of self‐efficacy as an activator of personal norm, as well as a driver of conservation behavior. Our study suggests that strategies that appeal to landowners' sense of personal responsibility and self‐expectations, promote conservation action as a social norm, and build landowners' self‐efficacy or confidence in their ability to make a difference, are likely to be successful.
Fundamental Care's state of knowledge around the world: Where are we now? A scoping review
Authors: Savoie Camille , Rey Sylvie , Yokota Satoko , Dallaire Clémence , Kimura Satoko , Takatani Satoshi , Yano Yuko
Published: May 2022

Aims

To investigate and describe the current state of knowledge about Fundamental Care in terms of population, contexts, concepts and gaps.

Design

A scoping review.

Data sources

CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO and EMBASE databases were searched in April 2021 for eligible literature, published from January 2010, onwards.

Review Methods

This scoping review was built around the recommendations of Peters et al. (2020 version). Two researchers conducted the literature search, and three researchers independently screened the titles and abstracts of the retrieved studies' data, using the eligibility criteria and the review questions as a guide.

Results

The search yielded 763 records, of which 107 were included. Results are presented under seven subheadings: (a) Countries and Continents, (b) Context, (c) Research Design, (d) Publishing/Journal, (e) Participants and Population, (f) Keywords and (g) Fundamental of Care Framework and Practice Process. All the retrieved articles describe the current state of knowledge about Fundamental Care in terms of population, contexts, concepts and gaps.

Conclusion

This scoping review highlighted the elevated number of articles that have been published since the beginning of the work on Fundamental Care, 10 years ago. The included articles are related to different dimensions of research, practice and teaching and to the Fundamentals of Nursing Care, but also to nursing theory. Finally, most of the articles had a nursing focus.

Impact

The results of this scoping review allow us to highlight the work from the past 10 years. This may be of interest to learn more about the research surrounding Fundamental Care. This scoping review allows us to better target the theoretical and empirical developments to focus on in the coming years.