bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influences on Cement Clinker by Disposing Glyphosate Waste Mother-Liquor with Rotary Kiln
Authors: Bai Yang , Zhang Lin Jin , Chen Chuan Hui , Ye Xu Chu
Published: March 2013

Cement clinker was produced in laboratory using the same ingredient as actual production, comparing with the ones which incineration residue of glyphosate waste mother-liquor was added in. The products were characterized by XRD, and the results showed that the main constituents were not changed. And some of the main performances were tested according to GB standards. After the residue was added in, the water requirement of normal consistency remained no change as 26%; the setting time, both initial set and final set, was extended; the soundness was improved a little. And it could be inferred that within a certain range, the more the residue added in, the longer the setting time was, the better the soundness was. According to all the results, using rotary kiln to dispose the waste mother-liquor was feasible in the actual production.
Asphalt Material Aging Mechanism and Characteristics Analysis Based on Infrared Spectrum
Authors: Liu Yu , Li Jing , Wu Chuan Hai
Published: March 2013

The macroscopic performance of three kinds asphalt and its after aging were analyzed, and aging mechanism and characteristics were explored by. FT-IR.The results showed that the asphalt dynamic shear G*/sinδis very consistent with penetration ratio, moving wavenumber of carbonyl is a valid indicator for the evaluation of asphalt anti-aging ability.
Artificial and Natural Weathering of Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC)
Authors: Merah Necar , Bazoune Aziz , Khan Zafarullah
Published: March 2013

The effects of natural and artificial weathering on mechanical properties of Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) pipe material are investigated. Tensile specimens, prepared from locally manufactured CPVC commercial pipes (4-in Schedule 80) were exposed for periods ranging from 2 weeks to 18 months in the harsh weather conditions of Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. The accelerated artificial weathering was carried out in the Q- Sun Xe-3-HS Xenon Test Chambers for periods ranging from 100 to 3000 hours. Standard tensile tests were performed before and after exposure. The tensile test results show that natural and accelerated artificial weathering had limited effects on the tensile and fracture strengths and modulus of elasticity of the material. However, the deterioration of the fracture strain is noticeable for exposure periods as short as 15 days of natural exposure and 100 hours of artificial UV exposure. Visual analysis of exposed specimens revealed that both types of exposures resulted in the discoloration of the specimens.
Concrete Thermal Stress of Arch Dam in Construction Period of Stability against Sliding of Steep Slope Section
Authors: Huang Shu Ping , Zhang Da Kuai
Published: March 2013

Thermal stress, as one of the most important stress of the arch dam during construction period, strongly influences the sliding stability of the arch dam. To analyze this kind of impact on arch dam sliding stability, numerical modeling of a typical slope dam section from 300-meter-high levels arch dam during construction period was conducted. Based on the rigid body limit equilibrium method, results of the case considering thermal stress as well as those without thermal stress were presented. Detailed comparison with the results of multiple monoliths was also made. In addition, the relevant sliding stability coefficient with the consideration of thermal stress was suggested.
Failure Analysis on Natural Gas Transmitting Pipe Based on the Data of Intelligent Inspection
Authors: Chen Mei Bao , Jiang Yu Rong , Cai Zhi Yong , Xu Chun Bi
Published: March 2013

Intelligent inspection is wildly used in the integrity management of transmitting pipeline in service. Recently, the intelligent inspection data of one natural gas transmitting pipeline showed that lots of the blistering was found in the pipe inner surface. In this paper, the methods of OM, SEM and EDS et al were carried out to study the reasons of the blistering failure and proposed the safety countermeasures. The results show that the blistering failure of pipeline was mainly related to the hydrogen blistering and the manufacturing technology of the pipe. The sulfide stress corrosion (SSCC) and the manufacturing damage accelerated the blistering failure of the pipe.
Simulations and Experimental Validation of Compression Properties of SiC/Fe–20Cr Co–Continuous Composites
Authors: Lu Zheng Jie , Lu Sen Kai
Published: March 2013

The uniaxial deformation properties of the SiC/Fe–20Cr composite have been studied using the Solidwork simulation software applied the finite element method (FEM). The simulated results have shown that the composites are relatively anisotropy. Fe–20Cr matrix and SiC network ceramic exhibit different mechanical behaviour. The ultimate stress is found near the interface of composites. The configuration of SiC has relatively great influence on intensity and distribution of stress in the composite. The material behaves in a nearly bilinear manner defined by the Young’s modulus and an elastic-plastic modulus. The large deformation appears inside Fe–20Cr matrix. The elastic deformation in the ceramic is accommodated by plastic deformation in the metal phase. Fe–20Cr and SiC can restrict each other to prevent from producing the strain under the load.
Transmission Properties in 2D Phononic Crystal Thin Plate with Linear Defect
Authors: Fan Guang Hui , Zhao De Xun , He Jiao , Liu Ying Kai
Published: March 2013

The band gap of 2D perfect phononic crystal thin plate was investigated by plane-wave expansion (PWE), which is consist of copper embedded in the organic glass with a square arrangement. The band gap of straight linear defect, branching linear defect, and symmetrical linear defect are calculated by supercell plane wave method respectively. It is found that the bandwidth of defect structure will become narrow. Especially there is little band gap appearing for straight linear defect. As the filling fraction varied, the band gap width and the band gap number changed.
Research on CSP Work Roll Defect Causes and Improvement Measure
Authors: Dong Zhong Qi , Li Jun Suo , Chen Jin
Published: March 2013

It was analysed that the causes for the poor wear resistance of roller, fracture of roller and the surface of the roller flaking off were researched. Introducing CSP plant carried through technical and improved works about work roll material and using system in order to improve strip quality and decrease producing costs. It’s effective to resolve wear and breakage and spalling of the work roll and improve profile control and so on.
Study on Impedance Calculation of Viscoelastic Material in Acoustic Tube
Authors: Jin Zhong Kun , Wang Tong Qing , Yang Ming Sui
Published: March 2013

The validated finite element method (FEM) was applied to the calculation of local impedance of viscoelastic sample in the acoustic tube. The acoustic impedance of viscoelastic material was calculated by three methods on the basis of numerical acoustic field computed by fluid-structure coupling method and the structure itself. The comparisons of calculation results illustrate that acoustic impedance is the inherent attribute of material.
Study on Tribological Behaviors of FeS Solid Lubrication Duplex Layer under n-Fe3O4 Additive Lubricating
Authors: Hu C.H. , Qi Feng Jun , Jiang Hai , Liu Qian , Zhang Xin , Cao Jun
Published: March 2013

FeS solid lubrication duplex layer was prepared on the surface of 45 steel by ion nitrocarburizing and ion sulphurizing process. The sulphide grains in micron and nano scale and holes distributing equably on the duplex layer. The duplex layer is composed of FeS, FeS2 and Fe3N. Under liquid paraffin oil with 0.2wt%n-Fe3O4 lubricating, the synergistic effect between n-Fe3O4 and the duplex layer is produced, and the chemical reaction films including sulphide, sulphate and nitride is formed, which makes the friction factor of the duplex layer keep being the lowest and about 0.075, and the volume loss is reduced by 91% than that of the plain surface, and reduced by 89% and 21% than that of the sulphurized surface and the nitrocarburized surface, respectively.
Determination of Boric Anhydride in Ascharite Ores by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Authors: Wen Xiang Dong , Chen Shi Hua , Shao Mei
Published: March 2013

Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy was applied to the determination of boric anhydride in ascharite ores. Pretreatment method, reagents used for acid decomposition and the interferences from matrix and coexistent elements were discussed in details respectively. The analytical spectral lines were selected while experimental parameters were optimized. The results indicated that after the samples were completely dissolved and collected with hydrochloric acid (1+1) in a sealed container with a reflux condenser by the low-temperature heating method, they could be directly analyzed and determined with ICP-AES at optimized operating parameters. The relative standard deviation of the method is less than 1.4% within the measurement range of 0.1% ~ 40% and the recovery rate is in the range of 98.1% ~ 101.0%. The method was proved satisfactory with wide linear range, low detection limit and also high sensitivity and accuracy.
Study on Bearing Behaviors of Bolted Joints in Composite Laminates
Authors: Huang Tao , Su Zhe
Published: March 2013

An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the bearing stress of single-lap double bolted composite joints. The bearing stress of a group of specimen was presented and the relationship between the stress and strain was obtained. The experimental results show that the damage of the bolted joints was a progressive process; and the ultimate bearing stress depends not only on the laminates’ strength but also on the bolt strength. A finite element model was created based on the bolted joint specimen to simulate the loading – displacement response. The numerical results verified the experiment results qualitatively.
Treatment of Cationic Dye Wastewater with Hybrid Sorbent Generated by Anionic Dye Wastewater Hybridization with Calcium Fluoride
Authors: Zhao Dan Hua , Zhang Xiu Lian , Yin Wei , Liu Xiao Jun
Published: March 2013

CaF2/AG25 (CFA) hybrid sorbent formed by hybrid reaction with activated calcium fluoride of low cost and anionic dye wastewater-Acid Green 25 (AG25) was used for the treatment of cationic dye wastewater. The adsorption of two cationic dyes methyl violet (MV) and Neutral Red (NR) from aqueous solutions was examined using a batch sorption technique. The effects of time, pH, ionic strength and temperature on the adsorption were also examined. It exhibited a faster adsorption to cationic dyes and hardly affected in pH over 3.5, ionic strength low 0.04 mol/L and temperature between 20 oC and 60 oC. The adsorption behavior of the NR and MV on CFA is in good agreement with the Langmiur isotherms model with the correlation coefficients of R 0.9948 for NR and 0.9992 for MV and the maximum adsorption capacity of NR (39.22 mg/g) and MV (48.78 mg/g). Finally, this sorbent was used in treatment of two practical cationic dye wastewaters with satisfactory results.
Effects of Recycling Ladle Lining Materials on Phase Composition and Microstructure of Al2O3-SiC-C Castable for Iron Runner
Authors: Cui Yi , Wang Rong Lin , Wang Li Ren , Bu Jing Long , Wang Qian
Published: March 2013

In this experiment, preparation of samples were based on original ratio of bauxite matrix Al2O3-SiC-C castable for iron tap channel, and partial bauxites of size 8-5 mm, 5-3 mm, 3-1 mm and 2O3-MgO-C ladle bricks, respectively. Effects of recycling ladle lining materials on phase composition and microstructure of Al2O3-SiC-C castable for iron runner were investigated by XRD, SEM and EDS. The results showed that new phases SiO2 and (Mg0.804Ca0.196)3Al2(SiO4)3 were formed in the castable at 1450 oC in air atmosphere, and the spherical (Mg0.804Ca0.196)3Al2(SiO4)3 was formed on external surface of recycling Al2O3-MgO-C particle. thereinto, SiC oxidation to formed SiO2 with flow pattern character was key element of the phase (Mg0.804Ca0.196)3Al2(SiO4)3 formation. The more fine and uniform of recycling Al2O3-MgO-C particles, the more spherical (Mg0.804Ca0.196)3Al2(SiO4)3 was formed in recycling Al2O3-SiC-C castable. Internal structure of theirs samples exhibited looser state with content increasing of recycling ladle lining materials.
Assessment of Degree of Maturity of Compost Produced by Different Kitchen Waste Composting Methods
Authors: Cheng Kuang Hung , Huang Mei Chuan , Lu Mei Fang , Chou Ya Jung , Lin Jim Jui Min
Published: March 2013

Kitchen waste in general has high water content with various plant required nutrients and organic matters but is non-toxic, and therefore, it is a good composting material. Three different composting methods were applied for experiments twice, which are mechanical aerobic composting, simple bucket composting, and fast composting processor, by using the same source of kitchen waste as the raw composting material. No significant difference was found between the compositions of the two kitchen waste samples. The major components of the two kitchen waste samples of this study were water content (averaged 72.7%), followed by combustible constituent (about 25.6%). The carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio was between 15 and 25. Since the operation and parameters of these three composting methods were different, the compositions of compost products were different. Among these three composting methods, compost produced by the simple bucket composting method had the highest water content (an average of 25%), while compost by the fast composting processor had the lowest (about 11%). For C/N ratio, compost produced by the fast composting processor had the highest C/N ratio (an average of 26), compost by the mechanical aerobic composting method the second (about 22), and compost by the bucket composting method the lowest (about 12). It is stipulated by the Council of Agriculture that for the miscellaneous types of compost, the C/N ratio should be between 10 and 20 to ensure that the compost has reached maturity. For the germination test, compost produced by the mechanical aerobic composting method had an average of 84%, compost by the fast composting processor had 81%, and compost by the bucket composting method had an average of 95%. Although all three methods can yield compost with a maturity level greater than the minimum requirement (80%), compost produced by the simple bucket method had better maturity. When comparing the three compost samples produced by different methods to the standards given by the Council of Agriculture, only the simple bucket compost qualified all the criteria.
Study on Spectrophotometric Determining Trace Tetracycline by Phase-Separation Floatation
Authors: Hou Yan Min , Xie Jin Min
Published: March 2013

A novel and green method for separating and enriching trace tetracycline(TC) in environment water by phase-separation Floatation has been proposed,the principium was discussed. In this paper,the hydrophobic complex composed of Al(III) and TC was floated into organic phase under the optimal conditions: PH=6.2, the floatation equipment is home-made, The n-propyl alcohol is organic solvent ,sodium chloride is separating phase reagent.The data were obtained by spectrophotometry after floatation; The linear regression equation was A= 2.5759×105C (mol•L-1)－0.2716, The linear ranges were from 5×10-7 to 7.8×10-5 mol·L-1, respectively, with the correlation coefficient (r) better than r=0.9998, The average relative recoveries were 100.1% to 102.3% ,The limit of detection was 3.86×10-8mol·L-1 , It can be applied to analyse the trace TC in water sample ,the results were better.
Study of Thermal Degradation of Polymers
Authors: Turekova Ivana , Turňová Zuzana , Balog Karol , Pastier Martin
Published: March 2013

This article deals with measurements of selected waste polymers in the combustion process. The technology of controlled burning occupies an important position in the process of waste disposal. Therefore it is necessary to assess the behaviour of materials in the process of thermal degradation by fire characteristics. An experiment was conducted in accordance with standard STN ISO 871: 2010 Plastics. Determination of ignition temperature using a hot-air furnace. There were studied a mass loss rate of the samples in their degradation and also monitored some products of combustion.
The Influence of Rainwater Reuse on Urban Water Circulation and Downstream Eco-Environment
Authors: Zhou Zhen Min , Wang Xue Chao
Published: March 2013

Based on theoretical analysis and comparison, it is sure that urban rainwater collection and reuse have no negative effect on urban water circulation and downstream eco-environment. It is shown from the results that rainwater collection and reuse would not reduce volume of rainwater infiltration. It also could control runoff pollution and reduce the flood peak of downstream river in flood season. Thus, rainwater harvesting was an effective approach to improve the eco-environment of downstream river. It could be concluded that the technique could be applied to different areas to improve local conditions.
Dielectric and Tunable Properties of Lead Barium Strontium Titanate Thin Films Fabricated by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering Method
Authors: Luo Zhi Meng , Sun Xiao Hua , Hou Shuang , Yang Ying , Zou Jun
Published: March 2013

The Pb0.25Ba0.15Sr0.6TiO3 (PBST) thin films have been deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates at different temperatures by radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering method. The microstructure, surface morphology, dielectric and tunable properties of PBST thin films were investigated as a function of deposition temperature. It’s found that the orientation of PBST thin films was adjusted by deposition temperature. The PBST thin film deposited at room temperature shows (100) preferred orientation and its dielectric constant and tunability are higher than that of PBST thin film deposited at 450 °C. Furthermore, the PBST thin film deposited at room temperature shows lower dielectric loss and leakage current, which makes it exhibit higher FOM of 49.47 for its appropriate tunability of 44.38% and low dielectric loss of 0.00897.
Evaluation of Residual Iron in Carbon Nanotubes Purified by Air and Acid Treatments
Authors: Huang Ji Wei , Lin Hai Tao , Jiang Fang , Yue Xin Xia
Published: March 2013

A detailed analysis by thermogravimetric analysis was carried out on multiwalled carbon nanotubes after air and acid treatment. When MWCNTs are treated in air at 300 oC for 2 h and then refluxed with 6 mol/L HCl solution, the weight percent of residual iron is near zero. The result can also be verified by the contrast of SEM photographs of untreated and treated MWCNTs.
Solution-Based Metal Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon Films
Authors: Qu Xiao Lei , Jin Jing , Shi Wei Min , Qiu Yu Feng , Huang Lu , Zhou Ping Sheng , Dai Wen Yun
Published: March 2013

A viscous Nickel (Ni) solution was applied on amorphous Si films by spin coating and its effect on the crystallization of amorphous Si films was investigated with a two-step annealing process. The experimental results show that with the help of the two-step annealing, the crystallization of the film can take place at 500oC. At the same time, the crystalline fraction gets up to 79.4% after annealing at a high temperature of 520oC and the grain size of the polycrystalline Si films is approximately 200 nm.
Investigation of Corrosion Resistant of Al-Zn-Si-Re-Mg Coating
Authors: Wei Dong Bo , Huang Jun , Zhang Ping Ze , Yao Zheng Jun , Miao Qiang , Wei Xiao Xin , Ying Feng , Yin Guo Xian
Published: March 2013

A dense hot-dipping Al-Zn-Si-Re-Mg coating was prepared on the surface of steel sheet. The microstructure and toughness of coating were investigated by SEM and Nano-indentation test. The polarization curve of coating was acquired in static 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution in air at 25°C. The results show that Re and Mg improve the corrosion resistance and toughness of Al-Zn-Si coating. The formation of passive film on surface of Al-Zn-Si-Re-Mg coating is easier than that of Al-Zn-Si coating. Re decreases the number of oxygen existed in the coating. Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 depresses the porosity of coating, which is a glassy compound and formed in hot-dipping process.
Study on Surface Modification of Aluminum Alloys by Silicate-Based Hybrid Coating
Authors: Wang Jia Yu , Li Cheng
Published: March 2013

Silicate-based hybrid coatings were deposited on aluminum alloy substrates following the methodology of sol-gel procedure and are applying to survey the corrosion protective behavior. The results show that the optimal intact and uniform film can be obtained by preparing with Si:Al mole ratio 48:1 and tempering at 140°C. It was noted that this modified hybrid coating reduced the corrosion current density from 1.532×10-4A/cm2 (bare substrate) to 2.782×10-8 A/cm2 in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution. The coating represents an excellent stability, especially at higher temperature, therefore could offer a significant protection to 2024 aluminum alloy substrates.
Formation Mechanism of Polyaniline Nanostructures in PEG Solution
Authors: Zhang Dan
Published: March 2013

Nano structured polyaniline was intensively studied for its low price, fascinating tunable conductive properties by dope-dedope process. While the nanostructural formation mechanism still not clear. In this work, PANI nanostructures were obtained in acidity PEG solution, and the polymerization process was monitored by a pH instrument. Moreover, the morphology evolution was monitored, based on which a self-assemble mechanism was issued. The oxidation products of anilinium cations were consider as the seed template for the formation of nanostructures, and appropriate acidity is propitious to the formation of PANI nanostructures.
Effect of Thermal Cycling on Lifetime and Failure Mechanism of EB-PVD TBC with NiCoCrAlYZr Bondcoats
Authors: Song Peng , Lu Jian Sheng
Published: March 2013

EB-PVD TBC with conventional MCrAlY bondcoats was widely used within the high temperature environments. The effect of oxidation frequency on the lifetime of TBC with NiCoCrAlYZr and the failure mechanism was investigated in this paper. The TBC systems with Zr-doped MCrAlY bondocats presented a longer lifetime after discontinuous oxidation than cyclic oxidation. Formation of thick TGO in the TBC-system with Zr-containing bondcoat did not result in an immediate failure. The crack propagation in the case of the Zr-doped NiCoCrAlY bondcoat at the TGO/bondcoat interface was hindered due to the inhomogeneous TGO morphology. The inner oxidation and pores hindered the above small cracks propagation and then result a longer lifetime. However, the lifetime of TBC-system with NiCoCrAlY+Zr bondcoat is significantly shorter in the cyclic than in the discontinuous test due to the rapid propagation of cracks under high frequency thermal cycling conditions.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Lead Titanate Epitaxial Film for Non-Volatile Memory Device Application
Authors: Thwe Thin Thin , Win Than Than , Maung Yin Maung , Soe Ko Ko Kyaw
Published: March 2013

Hydrothermal synthesized lead titanate (PbTiO3¬) powder was prepared in a Teflon-lined stainless steel bomb at different bath temperatures. X-ray diffraction was performed to examine the phase assignment and crystallographic properties of hydrothermal synthesized lead titanate powder. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) was thermally deposited and adapted as intermediate layer on p-Si (100) substrates for MFIS (Metal/Ferroelectric/ Insulator/Semi-conductor) design. The microstructures of PbTiO3 film for both MFS and MFIS designs were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Charge conduction mechanism was also interpreted by C-2-V relationship. Polarization and electric field characteristics were measured by Sawyer-Tower circuit and good hysteresis nature was formed for both structures of the films. The loop of MFIS was wider than that of MFS cell. Also, the higher value of polarization (Ps=3.21E-03µC/cm2) for MFIS could be explained on the basis of higher dipole moment in this SiO2 buffer layer.
Preparation of Superhydrophobic Coating from Fluorine-Containing Acrylate Polymer and Polysiloxane with Nano-SiO2
Authors: Zhou Jian Wei , Zhao Yun Hui , Liu Zhe , Li Chun Man , Liu Wei Li , Xu Hai Hong , Li Guo Pin , Yuan Xiao Yan
Published: March 2013

Because of the problems caused by icing and snow, it is meaningful to develop coatings for anti-icing. In this paper, a superhydrophobic coating was successfully prepared by compounding fluorine-containing acrylate polymer, polysiloxane and nano-SiO2. Results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed that epoxy groups in fluorine-containing acrylate polymer were partially cross-linked with silanol groups in polysiloxane, while self-crosslinking of silanols dominates the curing reaction. It was proven that there was a positive correlation between water contact angle (WCA) and nano-SiO2 amount, exhibiting a maximum WCA value of 153.6°. Nevertheless, the superhydrophobic coating is subject to collapse and the nano-particles could be scrubbed away during icing. As a result, the superhydrophobicity had trivial contribution to deicing in this experiment.
A Modified Monte Carlo Method for Phonon Radiative Transfer in Nanoscale Materials
Authors: Han Ya Fen , Xia Xin Lin , Liu Hai Dong
Published: March 2013

A Modified Monte-Carlo Method (MMCM) in which phonon bundles take non-energy is developed to model the steady state phonon radiative transfer in nanoscale materials. Heat transfer in silicon thin films is analyzed to examine the validity of the developed method. The temperature distributions and cross-plane thermal conductivity are determined by using the developed method for the silicon thin films and compared with the results in reference. The results indicate that the developed method has a good accuracy in solving the phonon radiative transfer in nanoscale materials. In addition, numerical accuracy can be improved by the increase of the number of samples in the simulations.
FEM Analysis of Glass Lens Molding Press
Authors: Zhou Jian , Li Mu Jun , Shen Lian Guan
Published: March 2013

Glass molding press is an efficient and promising process for glass lens manufacturing. Molding temperature and velocity are crucial factors for pressing, and the annealing rate directly influences the residual stress and volume change of the final lens. The research contributes to studying the key factors that influence the quality of the molded lens. In the paper, by incorporating stress relaxation and structural relaxation of the viscoelastic material, numerical simulation is undertaken to determine the proper process parameters. Furthermore, the whole process of a spherical lens molding is simulated to predict the final residual stress and volume change, also the influence of different annealing rates is estimated.
Optimization of Pre-Forging of the Aircraft Wheel Hub by FEM
Authors: Dai Yan Yan , Lu Shi Qiang , Wang Ke Lu , Shang Guan Shu Zhe
Published: March 2013

Optimization and design for shape and size of pre-forging with numerical simulation have some advantages compared with the conventional methods. The optimization object is the pre-forgings of an aircraft wheel hub. A commercially available software DEFORM 3D is used for the finite element method (FEM) simulation of the forging process of the aircraft wheel hub. The pre-forgings with three different shapes and sizes were used for numerical simulation. The effects of shape and size of the pre-forging on mould filling, forging load, effective strain and effective stress were analyzed. Finally, the suitable shape and size of the pre-forging were obtained based on the numerical simulation results.
Work Roll Temperature Prediction Model in Hot Strip Mill Based on Two Dimensional Alternating Difference Method
Authors: Shao Jian , He An Rui , Sun Wen Quan
Published: March 2013

Work roll temperature prediction model is an important part of shape control system in hot strip mill. This article performs work roll mesh generation, and establishes difference equations of each lattice point using two-dimensional alternating difference method. Then, the work roll temperature distribution at any time is acquired after solving equations with chasing method. The model established in this article has high stability, fast solving speed and high operation precision. The results, compared with the measured data, indicate that the model has high reliability and meets the demand of strip quality in hot rolling.
The Hot Pressing Process Optimization of Ti(C, N) Matrix Nano-Composite Ceramic Die Materials with the Back Propagation Neural Network and Immune Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Jing Jie , Xu Chong Hai , Zhang Hui Fa
Published: March 2013

The two hybrid algorithms of back propagation neural network and immune genetic algorithm were used in the optimum design of the hot pressing parameters of Ti(C, N) matrix nano-composite ceramic die material. The BP algorithm could set up the relationship well between the hot pressing parameters and single mechanical property. Compared with the experimental value, the relative error of fracture toughness, hardness and flexural strength is only 4.65%, 0.23% and 4.05%, respectively. After analyzed the predicted results, the best predicted results were the sintering temperature was about 1455°C and the holding time was 11 min. Under these hot pressing parameters, the best flexural strength and the best fracture toughness of the material could be obtained.
Analysis of Plunge Milling Force and Tool Deformation on Cr12
Authors: Niu Xing Hua , Cui Li Qiang , Hao Bao Chuan , Liu Si Yu , Zhang Zhen Tao , Meng Xian Li
Published: March 2013

The paper takes the cold working die steel Cr12 for specimen material,carries out the plunge milling test on Cr12 and the plunge milling force has been measured by YDX - Ⅲ 9702 piezoelectric milling dynamometer. The tool deformations are analyzed both in plunge milling and side milling on the same size milling force. Test and analysis show that the axial milling force significantly greater than the other two directions and the tool deformation in plunge milling less than the tool deformation in the side milling.
Research on Tool Wear Rate of Powder Mixed near Dry Electrical Discharge Machining
Authors: Bai Xue , Zhang Qin He , Yang Ting Yi , Zhang Jian Hua , Tan Jing
Published: March 2013

Powder mixed near dry electrical discharge machining (PMND-EDM) is one of the novel EDM processes, which uses gas-liquid-powder mixture as the dielectric medium. The tool wear rate (TWR) in PMND-EDM is researched based on single factor experiments. Effects of process parameters, such as peak current, pulse on time, pulse off time, flow rate, powder concentration, tool rotational speed and air pressure, on TWR are found out. TWR increases with the increase of peak current. TWR decreases with increasing of pulse on time. TWR increases firstly and then decreases while pulse off time increases. Increase of flow rate results in the increase of TWR. With the increase of powder concentration, TWR increases firstly and then decreases. Existence of tool rotation facilities decrease of TWR, however, further increase of rotational speed leads to increase of TWR. Increase of air pressure leads to lower TWR.
The Study of Silica Sol with Great Particle Size for the SiO2 Dielectric CMP
Authors: Wang Juan , Sun Ming , Jiang Xia , Zhang Yan
Published: March 2013

The most widely used Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) process and most difficulty is the SiO2 dielectric CMP in ULSI. SiO2 cannot be removed by oxidation-reduction because Silicon is already quadrivalence. So we adopt water-solubility SiO2 growing directly from water which size can arrive 110~130nm to improve the polishing rate. The growth of silica sol is studied and the silica sol whose particle sizes can reach 120nm is gained.
Corrosion Resistance Prediction of Laser Tailor-Welded Blank Based on Partial Least Square
Authors: Li Xin Cheng , Du Wan Li , Zhu Wei Xing , He Jian Hua
Published: March 2013

In order to predict deep drawing steel laser tailor-welded blank corrosion resistance accurately and quickly as well as adjust and optimize laser welding process parameter, the Optimal Discrimination Plane (ODP) method was employed to analysis the mapping relation between laser tailor-welded blank corrosion resistance and laser power, welding speed, spot diameter, focal length, absorptivity, laser tailor-welded blank Partial Least Square (PLS) corrosion resistance prediction model was built based on the major factors orthogonal test. The experimental results show that the laser tailor-welded blank prediction accuracy of this model is above 96%, which shows that the model has good experiment/prediction agreement and proves that this model is valid and practical.
Prediction Model of Droplet Size in Low-Current GMAW
Authors: Xiao Jun , Zhang Guang Jun
Published: March 2013

A low-current GMAW experimental system is established using a constant current power supply and a controlled wire feed system. The metal transfer behavior and the droplet growing process in low-current GMAW are investigated by using a high-speed camera, and the welding current and voltage are monitored by a data acquisition set. The metal transfer in low-current GMAW can be classified into three modes: short-circuiting transfer, long-arc short-circuiting transfer and large globular transfer. The arc voltage is the primary factor that affects the metal transfer mode. The droplets growing in low-current GMAW are observed and analyzed. The maximum detaching size of the droplet and the corresponding growing time with different welding current are calculated from the recorded image sequences of metal transfer. Based on such results, a prediction model of the droplet size is thus established, which will be used in the future research on pulsed laser-enhanced GMAW.
Research on Three Microcosmic Interface Defects of Titanium/Steel Laminates Manufactured by Explosive Welding
Authors: Liu Peng , Lu Ming , Jiang Jian Ping , Sun Bai Lian
Published: March 2013

Optical metallographic examination, scanning electron microscope as well as energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry was operated to the interface of titanium/steel laminates manufactured by explosive welding. Three types of microcosmic defects as brittle Ti-Fe intermetallic compound, shearing crack, and brittle Ti-Fe-O layer were found at the interface of titanium/steel laminates. The reasons for above three microcosmic defects were analysed.
Effect of Welding Parameters on Temperature Field during Twin-Wire Submerged Arc Welding of X80 Pipeline Steel
Authors: Yan Chun Yan , Zhao Xin , Tian Song Ya , Xu Sheng Xun , Ma Bai Qing , Jiang Hai Yang
Published: March 2013

The welding temperature field of twin-wire submerged arc welding (SAW) in an X80 pipeline steel welded joint was analyzed using a three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model. Taking into account nonlinear relationships between temperature and mechanical properties, a coupled thermo-mechanical FE solution was used to obtain the temperature distribution for varying set of welding conditions. Effect of welding speed, inter wire spacing on welding temperature field were studied and presented. It is found that welding speed and inter wire spacing play a significant role in deciding the temperature distribution of twin-wire submerged arc welding. Simulation results were well consistent with theoretical analysis.
Experimental Study of Low-Pressure Water Jet Assisted Laser Processing of Al2O3 Ceramic
Authors: Wang Jin Hua , Yuan Gen Fu
Published: March 2013

Recast layer, micro cracks and thermal deformation limited the improvement of the surface quality of laser processing in precision machining of hard and brittle material. This paper presents a new method which combines low-pressure water jet with laser processing. A comprehensive study on the influence of laser processing parameters on surface quality of an Al2O3 ceramic sheet is presented. The experiment was conducted using ND: YAG laser machine and low-pressure water jet was used as assist. The surface quality of normal laser processing and low-pressure water jet assisted laser processing was comparative analyzed using a 3-D microscopy. Experiment proves that the composite processing of low-pressure water jet assisted laser processing can obtain good surface quality, slight moltenslag and thermal deformation, compared with the normal laser processing.
Grain Refinement of 6061 Alloy by Low-Voltage Pulsed Magnetic Field Treatment
Authors: Zhou Quan , Cao Yang , Chen Le Ping
Published: March 2013

The influences of different pulse voltage and mold temperature on solidified structure of 6061 alloy under low-voltage pulsed magnetic field (LVPMF) were studied. The results show that grain of 6061 alloy can be refined greatly by LVPMF treatment. The dendrite growth is restrained and the microstructure is changed from larger dendrite grains to smaller nondendritic grains. When the pulse voltage is at 0V-300V, grain size of the alloy decreases as pulse voltage increases, and the primary phase degrades from developed dendrites into rose-like or spherical crystals. When the mold temperature is at 20°C-600°C, the decrease of mold temperature enhances the refinement effect of LVPMF processing. With the decrease of the mold temperature, grain size of the alloy decreases.
Simulation of Bridgman Directional Solidification Microstructure Using Phase Field Method
Authors: Tang Chunhua , Tang Jin Jun , Liang Cui
Published: March 2013

In this paper, the directional solidification microstructure of Bridgman system was simulated using phase-field method, and different calculated results were obtained with four pulling velocities. When the pulling velocity is 0.06 cm/s, the columnar crystals competitively grow in the initial stage, and have a necking phenomenon in the last stage. When the pulling velocity is 0.04 cm/s, the columnar crystals become thinner and competitively grow all the time, and the microsegregation is bigger. When the pulling velocity is 1.00 cm/s, planar interface comes back, and solute trapping takes place. The columnar crystals become much thinner, and microsegregation decreases. When the pulling velocity is 3.00 cm/s, the grain boundary of columnar crystals becomes unconspicuous, and the degree of microsegregation approaches 1.
Application of the Dynamic Soft-Reduction Technology on the No.4 Slab Continuous Caster of Bayi Steel
Authors: Cao Jian Feng , Feng Ke , Han Zhi Wei
Published: March 2013

The revamping & upgrading work has been done smoothly for the old soft-reduction system of the No.4 slab continuous caster in Bayi steel, as a result, all the segments (include both arc segments and level segments ) now have the dynamic soft-reduction function, which have been put into the industrial application successfully. Through the production practice, we can see that, after the revamping project, the dynamic soft-reduction function could be applied normally both in the arc segments and in the level segments for the No.4 slab caster, the whole soft-reduction process has been conducted steady and smoothly, the precision of roll gap control is good, the L2 model always makes an exact trace for the casting process and has the advanced algorithm, the L1 program has the reasonable control function and the reliable execution. When the soft-reduction action was executed in the unbending segment (Seg.7), there was no internal crack taking place for all the slabs, and the internal quality of slab such as center segregation was improved obviously, which had shown the metallurgical effect of the dynamic soft-reduction technology fully.
Effects of Argon Partial Pressure on Interfacial Shape of Porous Copper under Unidirectional Solidification
Authors: Li Xiang Ming
Published: March 2013

Based on the general mathematical model given in Ref.[6] for porous copper fabrication under unidirectional solidification, interfacial shapes including both of solid-liquid and gas-liquid interfaces are given. Effects of argon partial pressure on interfacial shapes are considered. Results show that interfacial shape changes from convex to concave with argon partial pressure increasing for fixed hydrogen pressure. However, increase of argon pressure does not result in changes of interfacial shapes and location changes of interfacial tip are not obvious as argon pressure increasing for fixed total pressure.
Mineral Processing Experiment of Quartz from Gold Ore Tailing
Authors: Nie Yi Miao , Liu Shu Xian , Dai Qi Hui
Published: March 2013

Based on the chemical analysis, preliminary classification of ore was done to reduce the content of iron mineral in quartz. The result of tests showed that the grade of quartz concentrate and the recovery are 97.05% and56.79% by adopting a circuit of magnetic- flotation processing.
Shale Gas Seepage Mechanism and Pressure Dynamic Characteristics Research
Authors: Li Yong Ming , Li Ya Zhou , Zhang Xue Ping , Zhao Jin Zhou , Zhang Lie Hui
Published: March 2013

The shale gas reserves could bring huge economic benefits. Therefore, many domestic and international scholars had researched it in all aspects. The research of seepage mechanism is mostly based on double seepage medium, they think gas spread directly into the fracture system when gas instantaneous desorbing from adsorption medium surface. However, the processing method is not very appropriate, because a certain amount of free gas present in rock matrixes pores. In order to describe the flow process accurately, this paper proposed a new concept of triple porous media, established a new model of shale gas seepage and solved the mathematical model by using Laplace transform and Stehfest numerical inversion. Finally figured out pressure dynamic response curves and analyzed the influence of all parameters on these curves.
Stratigraphic Sequence Framework of Zao IV Group in Zaobei Oilfield
Authors: Yu Ying Hua , Yuan Dan Dan , Zhong Xiang Li
Published: March 2013

The geological structures of Zaobei area are broken seriously, because of the whole region was divided many blocks by many faults, which could bring huge difficulty to stratigraphic correlation. The high resolution sequence stratigraphy on Zao IV group in Zaobei oilfield was studied by using core data, logging and 3D seismic data. Features of sequence boundary in all available data were identified, and the characteristics of different levels of cycles were analyzed. Zao IV group in target zone was divided into one long-term base-level cycles, seven mid-term base-level cycles and twenty one short-term base-level cycles Based on the integrated research of core data description in single well logging data Correlation in wells and large scale horizontal Correlation Constrained by 3D scismic data, the high resolution sequence frame of Zao IV group is established, it provides important basis for future reservoir prediction and description.
Analysis of Physical Structure and Chemical Composition of Oil-Water Transition Layer in Oil Gathering and Transportation System
Authors: Yuan Dan Dan , Wu Hong Jun , Sheng Hai Xia , Wang Bao Hui , Sui Xin
Published: March 2013

he existence of oil-water transition layer brings a great trouble to the dehydration of oil gathering and transportation system. It leads to raising the electric current of dehydrator and becoming worse of the deoiling and dehydrating properties of the treatment equipment, resulting in the serious influences on oil recovery. For the efficient treatment of the transition layer, it is necessary clearly to understand the structure and composition of the layer. In this paper, the physical structure and chemical composition of the layer were systematically, layer by layer and phase by phase, analyzed by modern instrumental methods The results show that (1）the layer is an emulsion which is composed of oil, water and suspended solids. The water phase has characteristics of weak alkaline，high salinity and viscous polymer. The oil phase contains many natural emulsifiers such as colloid, asphaltene and so on. The solid phase mainly concludes FeS particle which plays a decisive role in suspended solids; (2) the typical transition layer is composed of water and oil which accounts for above 90%, the content of solid impurity, which controls the emulsion of the layer, is less than 10%. Compared with oil phase, the water content of typical transition layer is larger with the density of 0.9~1.0 g/L and high freezing point. The analytical data can be adopted for the treatment of oil-water transition layer and smoothly run operations for oil gathering and transportation.
Preparation of Dandelion-Like Nano/Micro Zinc Oxide Material
Authors: Liang Yu
Published: March 2013

The three-dimensional dandelion-like zinc oxide nanostructure composed of single-crystal ZnO nanorods was prepared by means of Kirkendall effect while using solvothermal method and taking Zn powder as the source of zinc. In the paper, the composition, structure and appearance of the sample were studied by means of XRD, SEM, RDS, SEAD, TEM, HRTEM and other methods. The method was widely used as a new method for the large-scale preparation of nano/micro zinc oxide material.
The Research on the Photocatalytic Performance of one Kind of Nano Zinc Oxide
Authors: Liang Yu
Published: March 2013

This thesis is about preparing nano zinc oxide with multilayered cage-like structure by hydrothermal method, and characterizing the structure, composition, and the morphology of the product by means of XRD, SEM, EDS, TG-DTA, N2 absorption method and so on. The photocatalytic activities of ZnO with different morphologies have been evaluated. The result shows that, the multilayered cage-like nano ZnO has higher photocatalytic activity under the radiation of high-pressure mercury lamp; and its photocatalytic performance is better than ZnO nanorod. This method has following advantages: the process is simple and ecofriendly, it doesn't require the introduction of the surfactant, and it is convenient to be employed in mass production etc.
Stable Dispersed Graphenes Prepared by the Reduction of Graphene Oxides with Mercapto Acid
Authors: Wang Yu Feng , Cao Xiao Jian , Zheng Mei Qing , Zhao Dong Mei , Zhao Dong Yu , Sun Li Guo
Published: March 2013

An cost effective, and simple method of preparation of surface modified graphene has been described in this work. Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized from flake graphite by following a modified Hummers’ method. In comparison with other strong reducing agents used in GO reduction, we found thioglycolic acid (TGA) has its unique advantages in forming stable water dispersion of reduced GO. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed the successful reduction of GO to graphene. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the product confirm the presence of thin sheets.
Sol-Gel Preparation and Infrared Radiation Property of Zinc-Substituted Cordierite Ceramics
Authors: Wang Xu , Jiao Bao Xiang , Zhang Xia , Luo Ju Hua , Guan Hao
Published: March 2013

The sol-gel process is a useful technique with good control over final amount of compositions which can decrease the temperature of sintering in the melting procedure. A cordierite infrared radiation ceramic with a nominal composition of Mg2(1-x)Zn2xAl4Si5O18（x=0、0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20）was prepared using the powders by sol-gel method and heat treatment at 1523K for 2 hours. The results indicate that the sol-gel method can effectively decrease the sintered temperature and the substitution of Zn2+ to Mg2+ can let structural change and improve the infrared radiation properties. The specimen of x=0.20 attained a relatively high infrared emissivity of 0.91 in the whole band.