bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crushing Her with the Weight of His Eloquence: Reconsidering the Theatricality of Eugene O'Neill's Stage Directions
Authors: Rowen Sarah Bess
Published: February 2019

Eugene O'Neill's complex, lengthy, and precise stage directions have long garnered attention from scholars and performers alike. And yet the voices that so often claim these words prescribe actions to be taken by actors do not take into account the variety of ways that O'Neill's stage directions function in terms of actual theatrical productions. This article analyzes two particular techniques O'Neill utilized to write stage directions that practically enable a wide variety of performance possibilities. The first category, spoken stage directions, relates the thought asides in plays such as Strange Interlude, to the lengthy stage directions in his other plays, arguing that they function similarly for an actor. The second category, affective stage directions, shows how O'Neill's words function as a conduit to the emotion, tone, and mood of a character and/or scene and the actor(s) performing.
ARBORIZAÇÃO DA AVENIDA JERÔNIMO ROSADO NO MUNICÍPIO DE BARAÚNA - RN, BRASIL
Authors: Silva Bezerra Marina Beatriz , Castro Vinícius Gomes , Botrel Rejane Tavares
Published: February 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma avaliação quali-quantitativa da arborização da principal avenida de Baraúna, município de pequeno porte localizado na mesorregião do oeste do Rio Grande do Norte, inserido no bioma caatinga. Para a coleta dos dados foram percorridos aproximadamente 1,7 km,entre os meses de agosto e novembro de 2016. Na via analisada, foram encontrados 408 indivíduos arbóreos, dentre os quais houve a predominância de espécies exóticas (87,5%), sendo Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (68,4%) e Ficus benjamina L. (13,2%) as espécies mais frequentes. Dentre as espécies nativas do bioma caatinga a mais abundante foi Handroanthus caraiba (Mart.) Matto (1,7%). Observou-se a ocorrência de problemas de caráter cultural relacionados ao manejo da arborização, como poda topiaria em 64,8% dos indivíduos, bem como a prática excessiva de caiação, em 96,9% dos indivíduos. Recomenda-se a realização de trabalhos de educação ambiental junto à população voltados para a conscientização da importância do uso de espécies nativas no ambiente urbano, assim como do estresse causado às árvores por práticas de poda topiária e caiação.
A VEGETAÇÃO DO CAMPUS DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SERGIPE: FLORÍSTICA E FITOSSOCIOLOGIA
Authors: Gomes Silvio Henrique Menezes , Ferreira Robério Anastácio , De Mello Anabel Aparecida , Dos Santos Liziane Rodrigues , Santana Natali Aparecida , Gonçalves Francineide Bezerra , Santos Leila Rafaela Da Costa
Published: February 2019

O Campus da Universidade Federal de Sergipe está em processo de expansão física de sua estrutura interna desde 2005 e, como consequência, mais de 1100 árvores jovens e adultas foram suprimidas. Esta circunstância conduziu à necessidade de se realizar este trabalho, com o objetivo de analisar a composição florística e a estrutura fitossociológica do Campus. Realizou-se um censo das árvores (CAP ? 15 cm) em toda extensão da universidade, no período de dezembro de 2014 a janeiro de 2015. Foram coletadas as variáveis CAP, a altura e área de copa. Os parâmetros avaliados foram a Densidade Absoluta (DA); Densidade Relativa (DR); Dominância Absoluta (DoA); Dominância Relativa (DoR) e IVC (Índice de Valor de Cobertura). Foram contabilizados 2.382 indivíduos, distribuídos em 26 famílias botânicas, 76 gêneros e 96 espécies. Com base no número de indivíduos, conforme sua origem, obteve-se um percentual de 51,44% para as nativas e 48,56% para exóticas. A espécie que apresentou maior IVC foi a Clitoria fairchildiana R.A. Howard. A cobertura total de copa de todos os indivíduos foi equivalente a 16,85 ha e 40,86% do total da área.
DIAGNÓSTICO VISUAL E FITOSSOCIOLOGIA NA ARBORIZAÇÃO DE PRAÇAS EM PARAGOMINAS, PARÁ
Authors: Silva Isamara Dos Reis , Oliveira Àgta Thiala De Sousa , Da Silva Luana Bianca Oliveira , Baia Renata Santana , Correa Thalison Bruno Campos , Martins Walmer Bruno Rocha
Published: February 2019

O estudo teve como objetivo realizar a caracterização visual e fitossociológica da arborização nas praças do município de Paragominas, PA. Para isso, escolheu-se seis praças: Praça Célio Miranda (Praça A), Praça Cleodoval Gonçalves (Praça B), Praça Promissão III (Praça C), Praça Promissão I (Praça D), Praça Angelim (Praça E) e Praça Uraim (Praça F), distribuídas entre 4 bairros do município. Foram coletados dados de caráter quali-quantitativo, como identificação a nível de espécie, injúrias, danos ocasionados pela má arborização e as dimensões vegetais das espécies arbóreas e palmeiras. Em seguida foram calculados os parâmetros fitossociológicos: densidade, frequência, dominância, índice de valor de importância e o índice de diversidade de Odum. Foram encontrados 503 indivíduos vivos, pertencentes a 17 espécies. A espécie de maior ocorrência foi Licania tomentosa (Benth) Fritsch, que apareceu em todas as praças, com frequência relativa de 15,4%. Essa também foi a espécie de maior dominância (71,1%), seguida pela Mangifera indica L. (8,4%) e Caesalpinia pluviosa DC. (7,7%). Todas as praças amostradas estão com diversidade abaixo do ideal, indicando fragilidade ecológica na arborização. De modo geral, a maioria dos indivíduos encontra-se em bom estado fitossanitário, com poucos ataques de pragas, doenças e injúrias.
Marginal Effect of Direct Tax on Profits: A Study on the Taxation of the Finance Industry in Brazil
Authors: de França José Antonio , da Silva Filho Osvaldo Cândido , Sandoval Wilfredo Sosa
Published: February 2019

This article addresses the direct taxation on banks’ profits in Brazil and tests the influence of net fiscal adjustment (NFA) on direct tax on profit (DTP) by introducing the marginal effect of direct taxation (MgET). Measuring DTP is a complex process that involves adjustments in fiscal accounting procedures to recognize economic transactions by using specific standards. Besides fulfilling the objectives of identifying recognized direct tax (RT) and calculating NFA, MgET is identified by the algebraic sign of NFA, which is the sufficient, necessary and only condition to evaluate the existence of cash synergy/entropy in firms, with the reduction/increase of DTP. By using a sample containing data from the 40 biggest banks in Brazil, from 2010 to 2017, under the positivist methodology, the research results are strongly robust in indicating that NFA has a significant impact on DTP and on MgET, producing cash synergy.
Do Company Related Newspaper Articles Have an Impact on the Share Prices? The Case of the German Market
Authors: Gupta Jyoti , Graubner Benjamin
Published: February 2019

The paper looks at the impact of information on stock prices within the context of the German Market. Using data set from the Thomson Reuters, a new platform using a self-written Java Program, between the time period of 27 August and 29 September 2013, we analysed the impact of information on stock prices in the German Market. We developed an Information Based Return Model (IBRM) to analyse how information drive stock prices. We counted certain words within newspaper articles to understand their meaning. We analyse the impact of those word-clusters on different trading intervals. Our Information Based return Model shows that stock prices anticipate news from the non-trading time within the first minute of trading. We also analysed the time drifts between news release and personal reception. Our results show that the German Market anticipates new information as effectively as the US Market. 
Prospects for breeding ostriches in the Russian Federation
Authors: Lebedev Nikita Andreevich
Published: February 2019

The subject of the research is the prospects for the development of ostrich farming in the Russian Federation. The article analyzes the historical experience of breeding ostriches in the Russian Federation. The authors study domestic and foreign practice of ostrich farming. It has been established that from a commercial point of view it is more profitable to breed South African ostriches. The authors substantiate the prospect for using a client-oriented approach in ostrich farming and the expediency of using an electronic accounting system that will reflect all life cycles of each specimen. On the basis of the SWOT analysis, the opportunities and risks of Russian ostrich farming have been established. Research methods include monographic, the systems method, the method of qualitative and quantitative expert assessments, economic and statistical, questionnaire survey, logical, sociological, analysis and synthesis. The study of opportunities for the development of domestic poultry farming, including ostrich farming, acquires special significance in terms of the sanction regime. The authors conclude that the ostrich meat market is not saturated, and there is no strong competition for market access due to the increased demand for poultry meat; there is a need to invest in the study and development of feed for domestic poultry.
Multiple pairs of allelic MLA immune receptor-powdery mildew AVRA effectors argue for a direct recognition mechanism
Authors: Saur Isabel ML , Bauer Saskia , Kracher Barbara , Lu Xunli , Franzeskakis Lamprinos , Müller Marion C , Sabelleck Björn , Kümmel Florian , Panstruga Ralph , Maekawa Takaki , Schulze-Lefert Paul
Published: February 2019

Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR)-containing proteins in plants and animals mediate intracellular pathogen sensing. Plant NLRs typically detect strain-specific pathogen effectors and trigger immune responses often linked to localized host cell death. The barley Mla disease resistance locus has undergone extensive functional diversification in the host population and encodes numerous allelic NLRs each detecting a matching isolate-specific avirulence effector (AVRA) of the fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh). We report here the isolation of Bgh AVRa7, AVRa9, AVRa10, and AVRa22, which encode small secreted proteins recognized by allelic MLA7, MLA9, MLA10, and MLA22 receptors, respectively. These effectors are sequence-unrelated, except for allelic AVRa10 and AVRa22 that are co-maintained in pathogen populations in the form of a balanced polymorphism. Contrary to numerous examples of indirect recognition of bacterial effectors by plant NLRs, co-expression experiments with matching Mla-AVRa pairs indicate direct detection of the sequence-unrelated fungal effectors by MLA receptors.
Compact Broadband Monopole Antenna for C Band Applications
Authors: Pathak P. , Singhal P. K.
Published: February 2019

This paper reports a new design of broadband monopole patch antenna. The proposed antenna possess corner truncated rectangular patch with slits and defected ground structure, these modifications considerably improves the impedance bandwidth to 41.29% over a wideband (5.1–7.59 GHz). The design is appropriate for wireless communication including WLAN IEEE 802.11 g/a (5.15–5.35 GHz and 5.725–5.825 GHz) and C Band (4–8 GHz) applications. An antenna prototype is fabricated using FR-4 with an electrical permittivity of 4.4. Experimental and numerical simulations of antenna’s radiation characteristic are also reported and exhibits good concurrence.
Expression analysis of four pseudo-response regulator (PRR) genes in Chrysanthemum morifolium under different photoperiods
Authors: Wang Shengji , Zhang Chunlai , Zhao Jing , Li Renhua , Lv Jinhui
Published: February 2019

Genes encoding pseudo-response regulator (PRR) proteins play significant roles in plant circadian clocks. In this study, four genes related to flowering time were isolated from Chrysanthemum morifolium. Phylogenetic analysis showed that they are highly homologous to the counterparts of PRRs of Helianthus annuus and named as CmPRR2, CmPRR7, CmPRR37, and CmPRR73. Conserved motifs prediction indicated that most of the closely related members in the phylogenetic tree share common protein sequence motifs, suggesting functional similarities among the PRR proteins within the same subtree. In order to explore functions of the genes, we selected two Chrysanthemum varieties for comparison; that is, a short-day sensitive Zijiao and a short-day insensitive Aoyunbaixue. Compared to Aoyunbaixue, Zijiao needs 13 more days to complete the flower bud differentiation. Evidence from spatio-temporal gene expression patterns demonstrated that the CmPRRs are highly expressed in flower and stem tissues, with a growing trend across the Chrysanthemum developmental process. In addition, we also characterized the CmPRRs expression patterns and found that CmPRRs can maintain their circadian oscillation features to some extent under different photoperiod treatment conditions. These lines of evidence indicated that the four CmPRRs undergo circadian oscillation and possibly play roles in regulating the flowering time of C. morifolium.
Guanidine thiocyanate solution facilitates sample collection for plant rhizosphere microbiome analysis
Authors: Sun Xiaoxiao , Wang Meiling , Guo Lin , Shu Changlong , Zhang Jie , Geng Lili
Published: February 2019

The interactions between rhizosphere microorganisms and plants are important for the health and development of crops. Analysis of plant rhizosphere bacterial compositions, particularly of those with resistance to biotic/abiotic stresses, may improve their applications in sustainable agriculture. Large-scale rhizosphere samplings in the field are usually required; however, such samples, cannot be immediately frozen. We found that the storage of samples at room temperature for 2 days leads to a considerable reduction in the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) number and the indices of bacterial alpha-diversity of rhizosphere communities. In this study, in order to overcome these problems, we established a method using guanidine thiocyanate (GTC) solution for the preservation of rhizosphere samples after their collection. This method allowed the maintenance of the samples for at least 1 day at room temperature prior to their cryopreservation and was shown to be compatible with conventional DNA isolation protocols. Illumina sequencing of V3 and V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene was used to assess the feasibility and reliability of this method, and no significant differences were observed in the number of OTUs and in the Chao and Shannon indices between samples stored at −70 °C and those stored in GTC solution. Moreover, the representation of Pseudomonas spp. in samples stored in GTC solution was not significantly different from that in samples stored at −70 °C, as determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (p > 0.05). Both types of samples were shown to cluster together according to principal coordinate analysis. Furthermore, GTC solution did not affect the bacterial taxon profiles at different storage periods compared with those observed when storing the samples below −70 °C. Even incubation of thawed samples (frozen at −70 °C) for 15 min at room temperature induced minor changes in the bacterial composition. Taken together, our results demonstrated that GTC solution may provide a reliable alternative for the preservation of rhizosphere samples in the field.
Physicochemical Analysis of Moringa oleifera Seeds
Authors: Ike C. O. , Orjioke N. M. , Ugwu M. C. , Okafor G. U. , Udeozo P. I. , Nwachukwu H. O.
Published: February 2019

The soxhlet extraction of Moringa seed oil was used to determine the proximate and physicochemical screening. The parameters obtained for the proximate screening were 7.64% moisture content, 4.05% ash content, 29.65% crude fat, 34.92% crude protein and 52.30% carbohydrate while the values obtained for the physico-chemical screening were 62.45% for Iodide, 1.1% for specific gravity, 9.84 for free fatty acid, 162.84% for saponification value, 4.10% for peroxide value, 1.46% for refractive index, 10.50% for viscosity and 5.95% for acid value. The results showed that Moringa oleifera seeds and seed oil could be employed for edible and commercial purposes.
Differences Between Two Weak Interaction Theories
Authors: Comay E.
Published: February 2019

This paper analyzes differences between theoretical elements of the Standard Model electroweak theory and corresponding properties of a dipole-dipole weak interaction theory. The analysis relies on a number of self-evident criteria that are valid for quantum theories. The results demonstrate the  existence of fundamental errors in the electroweak theory and the advantage of the dipole-dipole weak interaction theory.
Influence of Information Asymmetry and Self-Efficacy on Budgetary Slack: An Experimental Study
Authors: Fanani Zaenal , Saudale Georgina Elizabeth K.
Published: February 2019

Participation in the budgetary process does not only comes with a positive effect(s) but could also lead to negative behavior(s) of employees, one of which is the creation of budgetary slack. Previous studies said that information asymmetry is rated as one of the causes of the creation of budgetary slack. The purposes of this 3x2 factorial experimental study and between subject designs are to see the effect of information asymmetry on the budgetary slack and see whether information asymmetry and self-efficacy leads to the creation of budgetary slack. This study involved 65 undergraduate and postgraduate students from the accounting department of Economics and Business Faculty in Universitas Airlangga Sura­baya as participants. One way ANOVA and two- way ANOVA is used to test and analyze the proposed hypothesis. Results show that information asymmetry influences the creation of budgetary slack. However, production managers with high or low self-efficacy are still taking advantage of asymmetric information that happened to do budgetary slack.
Organizational Justice and Whistleblowing: An Experimental Test
Authors: Kurniawan Abraham , Utami Intiyas , Pesudo David Ade Chandra Ashedica
Published: February 2019

Whistleblowing has become an important issue at the organization recently because it enables individuals to disclose any regulation’s errors in the organization to their superior. Whistleblowing could be caused by several factors, one of which is organizational justice. The organizational justice consists of distributive justice and procedural justice. The objective of this research is to examine the causality of organizational justice to whistleblowing intention. This research was conducted with 2x2 between-subjects experimental design. The results show that when an individual is faced with fair distributive justice or fair procedural justice, they have the tendency to whistle the fraud. When an individual is faced with unfair procedural justice and fair distributive justice, they also tendto whistle the fraud.
Polygenic risk and hazard scores for Alzheimer's disease prediction
Authors: Leonenko Ganna , Sims Rebecca , Shoai Maryam , Frizzati Aura , Bossù Paola , Spalletta Gianfranco , Fox Nick C. , Williams Julie ,   the GERAD consortium, Hardy John , Escott‐Price Valentina
Published: February 2019

Objective

Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 30 susceptibility loci associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). UsingAD GWASdata from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP), Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) was successfully applied to predict life time risk ofADdevelopment. A recently introduced Polygenic Hazard Score (PHS) is able to quantify individuals with age‐specific genetic risk forAD. The aim of this study was to quantify the age‐specific genetic risk forADwithPRSand compare the results generated byPRSwith those fromPHS.

Methods

Quantification of individual differences in age‐specific genetic risk forADidentified by thePRS, was performed with Cox Regression on 9903 (2626 cases and 7277 controls) individuals from the Genetic and Environmental Risk in Alzheimer's Disease consortium (GERAD). Polygenic Hazard Scores were generated for the same individuals. The age‐specific genetic risk forADidentified by thePRSwas compared with that generated by thePHS. This was repeated using varyingSNPsP‐value thresholds for disease association.

Results

Polygenic Risk Score significantly predicted the risk associated with age atADonset whenSNPs were preselected for association toADatP ≤ 0.001. The strongest effect (B = 0.28,SE = 0.04,P = 2.5 × 10−12) was observed forPRSbased upon genome‐wide significantSNPs (P ≤ 5 × 10−8). The strength of association was weaker with less stringentSNPselection thresholds.

Interpretation

BothPRSandPHScan be used to predict an age‐specific risk for developingAD. ThePHSapproach usesSNPeffect sizes derived with the Cox Proportional Hazard Regression model. WhenSNPs were selected based uponAD GWAScase/controlP ≤ 10−3, we found no advantage of usingSNPeffects sizes calculated with the Cox Proportional Hazard Regression model in our study. WhenSNPs are selected for association withADrisk atP > 10−3, the age‐specific risk prediction results are not significant for eitherPRSorPHS. HoweverPHScould be more advantageous thanPRSof age specificADrisk predictions whenSNPs are prioritized for association withADage at onset (i.e., powerful Cox RegressionGWASstudy).
PGM‐Free Cathode Catalysts for PEM Fuel Cells: A Mini‐Review on Stability Challenges
Authors: Shao Yuyan , Dodelet Jean‐Pol , Wu Gang , Zelenay Piotr
Published: February 2019

In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in the development of platinum group metal‐free (PGM‐free) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. At the same time the limited durability of these catalysts remains a great challenge that needs to be addressed. This mini‐review summarizes the recent progress in understanding the main causes of instability of PGM‐free ORR catalysts in acidic environments, focusing on transition metal/nitrogen codoped systems (M‐N‐C catalysts, M: Fe, Co, Mn), particularly MNx moiety active sites. Of several possible degradation mechanisms, demetalation and carbon oxidation are found to be the most likely reasons for M‐N‐C catalysts/cathodes degradation.
Achieving Over 15% Efficiency in Organic Photovoltaic Cells via Copolymer Design
Authors: Cui Yong , Yao Huifeng , Hong Ling , Zhang Tao , Xu Ye , Xian Kaihu , Gao Bowei , Qin Jinzhao , Zhang Jianqi , Wei Zhixiang , Hou Jianhui
Published: February 2019

Ternary blending and copolymerization strategies have proven advantageous in boosting the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells. Here, 15% efficiency solar cells using copolymerization donors are demonstrated, where the electron‐withdrawing unit, ester‐substituted thiophene, is incorporated into a PBDB‐TF polymer to downshift the molecular energy and broaden the absorption. Copolymer‐based solar cells suitable for large‐area devices can be fabricated by a blade‐coating method from a nonhalogen and nonaromatic solvent mixture. Although ternary solar cells can achieve comparable efficiencies, they are not suitable for environment‐friendly processing conditions and show relatively low photostability compared to copolymer‐based devices. These results not only demonstrate high‐efficiency organic photovoltaic cells via copolymerization strategies but also provide important insights into their applications in practical production.
High‐Performance Blue Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes with Balanced Charge Injection
Authors: Cheng Tai , Wang Fuzhi , Sun Wenda , Wang Zhibin , Zhang Jin , You Baogui , Li Yang , Hayat Tasawar , Alsaed Ahmed , Tan Zhan'ao
Published: February 2019

The balance of hole–electron injection is always a vital factor for the luminance, efficiency and working lifetime of quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs), especially blue QLEDs. However, currently most approaches proposed to solve this issue involve tedious optimization of device architecture or material composition. Here, high‐performance blue QLEDs are reported based on CdZnS/ZnS quantum‐dot (QDs) by utilizing ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and Al:Al2O3 as electron‐transporting layer (ETL) and cathode materials, respectively. The effect of post‐annealing temperature on the trap state density in ZnO NPs and the related mechanisms are investigated through optical and photoelectron spectroscopies. The method of controlling ZnO NPs annealing temperature leads to controllable electron‐mobility of ETL, which ultimately optimizes the balance of charge injection. Together with partially oxidized Al cathode (Al:Al2O3), high‐performance blue QLEDs are fabricated with luminance and external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 27 753 cd m−2 and 8.92%. As far as is known, the peak luminance achieved is the record of deep blue QLEDs. This simple method for regulating charge injection balance via annealing temperature requires no modification of device architecture, making it applicable for a variety of QLEDs structures.
Fine‐mapping scan of bipolar disorder susceptibility loci in Latino pedigrees
Authors: Gonzalez Suzanne , Villa Erika , Rodriguez Marco , Ramirez Mercedes , Zavala Juan , Armas Regina , Dassori Albana , Contreras Javier , Raventós Henriette , Flores Deborah , Jerez Alvaro , Ontiveros Alfonso , Nicolini Humberto , Escamilla Michael
Published: February 2019

We previously identified bipolar disorder (BD) susceptibility loci on 8q24, 14q32, and 2q12‐14 in a genome‐wide nonparametric linkage screen in a Latino cohort. We now perform a fine mapping analysis using a dense map of additional SNPs to identify BD susceptibility genes within these regions. One thousand nine hundred and thirty‐eight individuals with Latino ancestry (880 individuals with BD Type I or Schizoaffective, Bipolar Type) from 416 Latino pedigrees from the United States, Mexico, Costa Rica, and Guatemala were genotyped with 3,074 SNPs to provide dense coverage of the 8q24 (11.5 cM), 14q32 (7.5 cM), and 2q12‐14 (6.5 cM) chromosomal loci. Single‐marker association tests in the presence of linkage were performed using the LAMP software. The top linkage peak (rs7834818; LOD = 5.08, p = 3.30E − 5) and associated single marker (rs2280915, p = 2.70E − 12) were located within FBXO32 on 8q24. On chromosome 2, the top linkage peak (rs6750326; LOD = 5.06, p = 3.50E − 5) and associated single marker (rs11887088, p = 2.90E − 6) were located in intragenic regions near ACTR3 and DPP10. None of the additional markers in the region around chromosome 14q32 met significance levels for linkage or association. We identified six SNPs on 2q12‐q14 and one SNP in FBXO32 on 8q24 that were significantly associated with BD in this Latino cohort.
Time to establish pillars in point‐of‐care ultrasound
Authors: Cormack Carolynne J. , Wald Anthony M. , Coombs Peter R. , Kallos Leah , Blecher Gabriel E.
Published: February 2019

Point of care ultrasound (PoCUS) has evolved rapidly and is used by many medical specialties. We propose five essential pillars of PoCUS that are necessary framework for hospital‐based PoCUS training and credentialing programs. The pillars are: governance, infrastructure, administration, education and quality. It is time to establish these pillars to ensure the best practice in PoCUS use.
Practical and Scalable Kinetic Resolution of BINOLs Mediated by a Chiral Counterion
Authors: Jones Benjamin A. , Balan Tudor , Jolliffe John D. , Campbell Craig D. , Smith Martin D.
Published: February 2019

BINOLs are valuable and widely used building blocks, chiral ligands, and catalysts that are effective across a remarkable range of different chemical transformations. Here we demonstrate that an ammonium salt catalyzed kinetic resolution of racemic BINOLs with benzyl tosylate proceeds with s up to 46. This is a scalable and practical process that can be applied across >30 different C2‐ and non‐C2‐symmetric BINOLs. Implementation of this method enables the enantioselective synthesis of a wide range of BINOL derivatives with over 99:1 e.r.
A Dual‐Stimuli‐Responsive Coordination Network Featuring Reversible Wide‐Range Luminescence‐Tuning Behavior
Authors: Yao Zhao‐Quan , Xu Jian , Zou Bo , Hu Zhenpeng , Wang Kai , Yuan Yi‐Jia , Chen Ya‐Ping , Feng Rui , Xiong Jian‐Bo , Hao Jialei , Bu Xian‐He
Published: February 2019

We herein report a new coordination network that deforms in a smooth and reversible manner under either thermal or pressure stimulation. Concomitantly, the organic fluorophores coordinatively bound to the channel in a face‐to‐face arrangement respond to this structural deformation by finely adapting their conformation and arrangement. As a result, the material exhibits a remarkable dual‐stimuli‐responsive luminescence shift across almost the entire visible region: The emission color of the crystal gradually changes from cyan to green upon heating and then to red upon pressure compression. Furthermore, each stage exhibits a linear dependence of both the emission maximum and intensity on the stimulus and is fully reversible.
Stereoselectively Assembled Metal–Organic Framework (MOF) Host for Catalytic Synthesis of Carbon Hybrids for Alkaline‐Metal‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Du Min , Song Dian , Huang Aoming , Chen Ruixuan , Jin Danqing , Rui Kun , Zhang Chao , Zhu Jixin , Huang Wei
Published: February 2019

Cost‐effective metal‐based nanostructured hybrids have been widely dedicated to potential energy storage and conversion applications. Herein, we develop a facile methodology for the synthesis of precise carbon‐confined hybrid nanostructures by stereoselective assembly accompanied by catalytic pyrolysis. Polyacrylonitrile fiber films favors not only metal‐polymer coordination, but also oriented assembly to ensure the well‐defined nanostructure of the carbon hybrids. During chemical vapor deposition (CVD), cobalt‐nanoparticle‐catalyzed growth of carbon‐nanotube branches driven by organic molecules (e.g. melamine) delivers hierarchical carbon hybrids. The resulting carbon hybrids exhibit outstanding electrochemical performance for metal‐ion batteries, for example, a high specific capacity of 680 mAh g−1 after 320 cycles (Li‐storage) and 220 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles (Na‐storage) without decay.
Rapid, Traceless, AgI‐Promoted Macrocyclization of Peptides Possessing an N‐Terminal Thioamide
Authors: Thombare Varsha J. , Hutton Craig A.
Published: February 2019

Peptide macrocyclization is often a slow process, plagued by epimerization and cyclodimerization. Herein, we describe a new method for peptide macrocyclization employing the AgI‐promoted transformation of peptide thioamides. The AgI has a dual function: chemoselectively activating the thioamide and tethering the N‐terminal thioamide to the C‐terminal carboxylate. Extrusion of Ag2S generates an isoimide intermediate, which undergoes acyl transfer to generate the native cyclic peptide, resulting in a rapid, traceless macrocylization process. Cyclic peptides are furnished in high yields within 1 hour, free of epimerization and cyclodimerization.
Improved dispersion of the graphene and corrosion resistance of waterborne epoxy–graphene composites by minor cellulose nanowhiskers
Authors: Nie Jing , Liu Dongyan , Li Songtao , Qiu Zhangweijia , Ma Na , Sui Guoxin
Published: February 2019

The uniform dispersion of graphene (GN) in a polymer matrix is still challenging at high loadings. In this study, we introduced a tiny number of cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs; CNWs/GN = 1:20 w/w) to improve the dispersion of GN nanoplatelets in a waterborne epoxy (WEP) matrix at a GN loading of 1.0 wt %. Compared with that of 1.0% GN–WEP, the Young's modulus of the 1.0% GN–WEP–CNWs was enhanced by about 20.5%. The glass‐transition temperature increased from 70.4°C for 1.0% GN–WEP to 72.8°C for 1.0% GN–WEP–CNWs. The water contact angle of composite film increased by 17°, from about 79° for the film without CNWs to about 96° for the film with CNWs. The anticorrosion efficiency of the coatings was also evaluated with the potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The results reveal the CNW‐containing coating showed better corrosion resistance for mild steel and could be applied as a green dispersant for GN in WEP coatings. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47631.
Fluorescence Turn‐on Synthetic Lipid Rafts on Supramolecular Sheets and Hierarchical Concanavalin A Assembly
Authors: Kim Yongju , Liu Xin , Li Huichang , Lee Myongsoo
Published: February 2019

Here we report fluorescence turn‐on synthetic lipid rafts by self‐assembly of a cationic distyrylanthracene derivative on a negatively‐charged sheet in an aqueous solution. First, the negatively‐charged 2D membrane structure is formed by lateral associations of aromatic rods with carboxylate groups. Then, the synthetic rafts are floated on the surface of the negatively‐charged sheets through electrostatic interactions. The fluorescence of the synthetic rafts is turned on due to the aggregation of the positively‐charged AIE dye on the sheets, facilitating monitoring of the formation of rafts. Concanavalin A (Con A) protein can load hierarchically onto the synthetic rafts at neutral pH to provide discrete Con A aggregates with a uniform size of ≈12 nm. The uniform aggregates of Con A on the synthetic rafts can stimulate Jurkat cells with enhanced efficiency, as compared with random‐sized aggregates of Con A.
Exchange schedules in token economies: A preliminary investigation of second‐order schedule effects
Authors: Argueta Tracy , Leon Yanerys , Brewer Adam
Published: February 2019

Basic research shows that token‐production and exchange‐production schedules in token economies affect each other as second‐order schedules (i.e., the exchange‐production schedule's requirements affect responding toward the token‐production schedule). This relationship has not been investigated with children in academic settings despite the widespread use of token economies in this context. This study compared the effects of fixed‐ratio (FR) and variable‐ratio (VR) exchange‐production schedules of equal ratios (2, 5, and 10) on responding toward an FR 1 token‐production schedule with a child diagnosed with autism. A concurrent chains assessment was also conducted to assess the participant's relative preference for FR and VR exchange‐production schedule arrangements within her typical discrete trial training. Results showed no difference in response rate between the two schedule types. However, the concurrent chains assessment revealed an exclusive preference for the VR arrangement.
Bibliometric analysis of the brazilian periodical journal of biochemistry education
Authors: do Nascimento Agatha Santos , de Oliveira Felipe Sales , Bianconi M. Lucia
Published: February 2019

The bibliometric analysis of the Brazilian periodical Journal of Biochemistry Education (JBE) covered the 117 articles published in 15 volumes in the period 2001–2017. Our results showed a positive trend in JBE publications with a significant increase in the number of articles since 2014, which can be related to the increase in research groups working in this area. The Southeast region of Brazil was the most productive one mainly due to the contribution of papers from institutions located in the State of São Paulo. Only four articles aimed the undergraduate courses (87.0%) showing methodological approaches to teach biochemistry (51.3%) and laboratory exercises (18.8%) among others. Most of the 332 authors contributed to a single article (87.7%) and just 3% of them published more than twice in JBE. The majority of the JBE articles had at least one citation in Google Scholar. There is also a great variety in the references used by the authors. Our analysis showed that JBE is an important peer reviewed publication aimed to improve teaching and learning of Biochemistry in Brazil. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(3):249–256, 2019.
Exploring external and internal pressures on the environmental behavior of paper enterprises in China: A qualitative study
Authors: He Zhengxia , Xu Shichun , Shen Wenxing , Wang Meiling , Li Cunfang
Published: February 2019

As one of the typical high‐polluting and high‐energy‐consuming industries in China, the paper industry's environmental behavior has become the focus of a range of stakeholders, policy makers, and the whole society because the industry's business activities are a main source of environmental pollution and contribute to massive energy consumption. This study used a qualitative approach to examine the relative importance of external and internal pressures (EP and IP) in driving the environmental behavior of paper enterprises in China. Based on grounded theory, this study aimed to examine the EP and IP on the environmental behavior of paper enterprises to create a comprehensive theoretical model based on grounded theory code analysis. It was found that government pressure, economic pressure, social pressure, and IP have direct and significant positive effects on the corporate environmental behavior (CEB) of paper enterprises in China. Furthermore, government, economic, and social pressures have indirect and significant positive effects on CEB through other pressures. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion of these four pressures and provides policy implications.
Cytotoxic Activity and Related Mechanisms of Prenylflavonoids Isolated fromMallotus conspurcatusCroizat
Authors: Zhang Yanjun , Zhou Dexiong , Liu Wei , Li Chenguo , Hao Lili , Zhang Gaorong , Deng Shengping , Yang Ruiyun , Qin Jiangke , Li Jun , Deng Wei
Published: February 2019

Five prenylflavonoids, 6‐prenylnaringenin (1), 8‐prenylnaringenin (2), 7‐O‐methyl‐8‐prenylnaringenin (3), 7‐O‐methyl‐6‐prenylnaringenin (4), and 4′‐O‐methyl‐6‐prenylnaringenin (5), were isolated from the traditional herbMallotus conspurcatusCroizat(Euphorbiaceae). Compounds1–5revealed cytotoxic activity against cervical cancer (HeLa) cells with IC50values ranging from 10.08 to 60.16 μmby MTT method, and interestingly, these prenylflavonoids were less toxic to normal HL‐7702 cells. Furthermore, compounds1and5could inhibit the c‐myc expression and telomerase activity and cause mitochondrial dysfunction. These findings might contribute to a better understanding of the biological activities of prenylflavonoids and lay the foundation for further studies on the cytotoxic activity of natural products isolated fromM. conspurcatus.
Supported Cobalt Nanoparticles for Hydroformylation Reactions
Authors: Hertrich Maximilian Franz , Scharnagl Florian Korbinian , Pews‐Davtyan Anahit , Kreyenschulte Carsten Robert , Lund Henrik , Bartling Stephan , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias
Published: February 2019

Hydroformylation of olefins has been studied in the presence of specific heterogeneous cobalt nanoparticles. The catalytic materials were prepared by pyrolysis of preformed cobalt complexes deposited onto different inorganic supports. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) measurements indicated a correlation of catalyst activity and cobalt leaching as well as a strong influence of the heterogeneous support on the productivity. These new, low‐cost, easy‐to‐handle catalysts can substitute more toxic, unstable and volatile cobalt carbonyl complexes for hydroformylations on a laboratory scale.
What Are We Missing by Not Measuring the Net Charge of Proteins?
Authors: Zahler Collin T. , Shaw Bryan F.
Published: February 2019

The net electrostatic charge (Z) of a folded protein in solution represents a bird's eye view of its surface potentials—including contributions from tightly bound metal, solvent, buffer, and cosolvent ions—and remains one of its most enigmatic properties. Few tools are available to the average biochemist to rapidly and accurately measure Z at pH≠pI. Tools that have been developed more recently seem to go unnoticed. Most scientists are content with this void and estimate the net charge of a protein from its amino acid sequence, using textbook values of pKa. Thus, Z remains unmeasured for nearly all folded proteins at pH≠pI. When marveling at all that has been learned from accurately measuring the other fundamental property of a protein—its mass—one wonders: what are we missing by not measuring the net charge of folded, solvated proteins? A few big questions immediately emerge in bioinorganic chemistry. When a single electron is transferred to a metalloprotein, does the net charge of the protein change by approximately one elementary unit of charge or does charge regulation dominate, that is, do the pKa values of most ionizable residues (or just a few residues) adjust in response to (or in concert with) electron transfer? Would the free energy of charge regulation (ΔΔGz) account for most of the outer sphere reorganization energy associated with electron transfer? Or would ΔΔGz contribute more to the redox potential? And what about metal binding itself? When an apo‐metalloprotein, bearing minimal net negative charge (e.g., Z=−2.0) binds one or more metal cations, is the net charge abolished or inverted to positive? Or do metalloproteins regulate net charge when coordinating metal ions? The author's group has recently dusted off a relatively obscure tool—the “protein charge ladder”—and used it to begin to answer these basic questions.
Morphological characteristics of p75 neurotrophin receptor‐positive cells define a new type of glial cell in the rat dorsal root ganglia
Authors: Koike Taro , Tanaka Susumu , Hirahara Yukie , Oe Souichi , Kurokawa Kiyoshi , Maeda Mitsuyo , Suga Mitsuo , Kataoka Yosky , Yamada Hisao
Published: February 2019

In the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), two types of glial cells (Schwann cells and satellite glial cells) have been identified based on cell morphology and expression of specific markers. In the present study, we observed unknown glial cells that were positive for p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), and therefore were immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally characterized for the first time. These cells exhibited stronger immunoreactivity against an anti‐p75NTR antibody than the DRG neurons (hereafter referred to as p75NTR++ cells). Moreover, these cells covered the glial cells surrounding proximal process of the large‐diameter DRG neurons. The proximal process is called “dendro‐axon.” The p75NTR++ cells were predominantly distributed where the first myelinating Schwann cells appear. The p75NTR++ cells were also positive for the pan‐glial cell markers S100, nestin, and Sox10, but negative for fibroblast and macrophage markers. Moreover, they were negative for a satellite glial cell marker, inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1, as well as a nonmyelinating Schwann cell marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein. In addition, their morphological features were distinct from those of the myelinating Schwann cells. To investigate the three‐dimensional ultrastructure of the p75NTR++ cells, we used array tomography combined with correlative light and electron microscopic observation. Three‐dimensional ultrastructural observation revealed that the p75NTR++ cells loosely covered glial cells around the dendro‐axons with highly ramified processes. Glial cells with these morphological features have not been reported before, indicating that the p75NTR++ glial cells are a new glial cell type in the DRG. Our results will give new insights into cell–cell relationships.
CEOs' religious beliefs and the environmental innovation of private enterprises: The moderating role of political ties
Authors: Liao Zhongju , Dong Jincai , Weng Chen , Shen Chen
Published: February 2019

Environmental innovation is an important way for enterprises to take social responsibility. Based on upper echelons theory, this study constructed a model of the relationship of religious beliefs, political ties, and environmental innovation. The CEOs of 196 Chinese private enterprises were selected as the research sample, and the multiple regression analysis method was used to test the influence of the CEOs' religious beliefs on the environmental innovation of the enterprises, as well as the moderating role of the CEOs' political ties. The results showed that CEOs' Eastern religious beliefs had a positive effect on the incremental eco‐innovation of the private enterprises and a negative effect on radical eco‐innovation. However, the CEOs' Western religious beliefs had a negative effect on the incremental eco‐innovation of the private enterprises and a positive effect on radical eco‐innovation. In addition, the results showed that political ties played a positive moderating role between the CEOs' Eastern religion beliefs and the incremental eco‐innovation and between CEOs' Western religion beliefs and the radical eco‐innovation of the private enterprises.
A fast realization of new Mersenne number transformation and its applications
Authors: Hua Jingyu , Liu Fei , Xu Zhijiang , Li Feng , Wang Dongming
Published: February 2019

The new Mersenne number transform (NMNT) can be realized by the fast Fourier transform (FFT) with power‐of‐two length, which results in great flexibility in real‐world fixed‐point computations, such as the convolution‐based signal processing in the embedded device. Yet the FFT realization exists the truncation errors and in order to further reduce the computations, this paper puts forward a novel realization structure for the NMNT, where the Walsh‐Hadamard transform (WHT) is employed to accelerate the NMNT computation. Moreover, we also propose the refined computing structure using the matrix decomposition and multiple constant multiplication (MCM), and then all multiplications can be replaced by the shift‐addition operations without precision loss. Besides, the use of lookup table (LUT) to reduce the complexity is also discussed in our study. A typical convolution application is tested by computer simulations, while the result demonstrates that the proposed scheme produces precise computing results with reduced complexity.
Fluvio‐lacustrine sedimentation in the Agadir‐Tissint Feija (Anti‐Atlas, Morocco): A promising palaeoclimate archive for the last glacial cycle in northwest Africa
Authors: Nutz Alexis , Kwiecien Ola , Breitenbach Sebastian F. M. , Cai Yanjun , Della Porta Giovanna , Danisch Jan , Kabiri Lahcen , Bodin Stéphane
Published: February 2019

Mountainous depocentres are often the single available archives in intracontinental areas. As such, the investigation of their sedimentary dynamics is the only way to reconstruct palaeoenvironmental evolution in these peculiar regions. Here, the basin‐scale sedimentary dynamics of the Agadir‐Tissint Feija (i.e. feija is the local name for lowlands) are discussed together with new palaeoenvironmental information on the late Quaternary in the north‐western Sahara margin. The succession consists of up to ca 40 m thick fluvio‐lacustrine deposits subdivided into three depositional sequences (S1–S3) that were deposited between ca 75 ka and ca 10 ka. S1 and S2 reflect the evolution of a palaeolake intercalated by carbonate‐rich palustrine to alluvial plain environments, while S3 shows the transition to an entirely clastic alluvial plain environment. The three sequences are genetically associated with three pulses of tufa buildups at the outlet of the depocentre. Each pulse of tufa buildup is attributed to wet conditions, while each interruption is associated with drier conditions. The wet–dry alternation at the origin of S1 fits with summer insolation fluctuation suggesting that precession parameters may have paced long‐term climate variability in the area. Superimposed on wet–dry cycles, submillennial‐scale (750–900 year) shorter‐term lake fluctuations are identified in S1 and S2; their origins may be related to North Atlantic Oscillation mechanisms. Furthermore, the sudden increase in clastic sediment supply in S3 evidences a change in sediment production in the catchment area attributed to lower temperatures established during the last glacial period. Finally, this newly identified continental archive is unique at the northern Sahara margin; it enables reconstructions of the local and regional hydrological conditions during the last glacial cycle. Even if a more systematic investigation of palaeoclimate forcing is still necessary, the Agadir‐Tissint Feija will potentially bring important information to understand past and anticipate future regional climate change.