bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LAW AND NON-LAW IN THE CONTEXT OF A DISEQUILIBRIUM OF LEGAL REALITY
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Dubov Gennadii
Published: March 2023

Among the key issues that have emerged when one tries to distinguish non-legal phenomena among the other phenomena of reality is the matter of finding a generally accepted standard, which, in fact, is denied by a non-law. Therefore, in this connection the non-law reality can be identified precisely by searching for a legal reality as its direct antipode. It is noted in the paper that in the framework of legal reality, there is a situation when the asymmetry of law and non-law is deemed to be a necessary condition for the existence of the public order "Universe". Moreover, the difference between these antipodes is often quite obscure. The situation described can be viewed from the perspective of a synergetic picture of the world, according to which society is a special type of non-equilibrium system. Its stability is ensured by the artificial mediation of external (with the natural conditions) and internal relations. Viewed from this angle, due to the open nature of the social system a certain threat can lead to the emergence of a qualitatively new order. This, in turn, can significantly affect the changes in legal consciousness of the relevant community, inter alia form a new format of asymmetries between law and non-law. In connection with the legal reality, there may be a phenomenon of legal norm superposition. The latter means an existence of a state of uncertainty in the legal norm implementation, notably when there is a situation when an outside observer can determine the "parameters" of the legal norm existence. The author therefore concludes that in some cases a legal norm can be positioned in some kind of a superposition. That is, to find out in what condition the legal norm is, whether it is a manifestation of law or non-law, is possible only by understanding a certain set of conditions that take place within this norm. Also, the author reaches a conclusion that the application of the approach according to which the differentiation of law and non-law in the context of specific legal requirements is relative enough. Consequently, such an approach enables legal thinkers to change the angle of a number of problematic issues. In particular, one such example is the delineation between acts that are subordinate or not to the spirit of the law or the specifics peculiar for dynamic interpretation.
CONSTITUTIONAL ACTS AND CONSTITUTIONAL PROJECTS IN THE WUPR: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH BY HISTORIANS AND LEGAL SCHOLARS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Chubata Maryna
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the article is a historiographical analysis of the scientific output of domestic historians and jurists, directly devoted to the study of constitutional acts and constitutional projects during the era of the West Ukrainian People's Republic (WUPR). For a critical analysis of the existing works of historians and legal scholars on the researched problem, the author used the methods of historiographical analysis, synthesis, typology and classification of sources, problem-chronological, structural-systemic and other methods of cognition. Dissertations, monographs and scientific articles directly devoted to constitutional legislation in the WUPR are included in the historiographical analysis. The main attention is paid to the characterization and implementation of a historiographic review of the scientific output of the participants of the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917–1921, the works of legal historians of the Ukrainian diaspora, and the researches of modern historians and legal scholars. It is hardly worth calling a constitution a set of a number of laws, adopted at different times and regulating individual components of state construction. A historiographical analysis of scientific research dedicated to the study of constitutional acts of the era of the West Ukrainian People's Republic and constitutional projects that were not implemented for various reasons is highlighted. It was concluded that historians and jurists of the diaspora have created a significant body of literature on the investigated problem, which has become a solid basis for further research. It is emphasized that understudied and debatable aspects of the problem remain the questions about the authorship of the Basic Law of the West Ukrainian People's Republic, about the origins and legal foundations of the creation of the cathedral Ukrainian state, the list of legislative acts that are interpreted as constitutional by some authors is controversial, and it is also emphasized that research work on a thorough study the constitutional projects of Yu. Romanchuk and T. Halip should be activated.
TO THE PROBLEM OF THE RECEPTION OF ROMAN LAW IN LITHUANIAN STATUTES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF INHERITANCE LAW)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Kryzhevskyi Anton
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the article is a comprehensive historical and legal analysis of the peculiarities of the reception of Roman law in the Statutes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania on the example of inheritance law. The reasonableness of theoretical propositions, conclusions, scientific analysis and the reliability of research results are ensured by using of a set of philosophical, general scientific and special scientific methods, namely: historical and legal, comparative and legal, historical and functional, formal and legal, etc. The research was carried out from the perspective of the historicism principles, objectivity, versatility, complementarity, and reasonableness, which created a reliable methodological basis for a comprehensive analysis of the research subject. The article provides a comparative legal analysis of Article 14 of Chapter V of the Statute of 1529 with the provisions of Justinian's Institutions and Digest, as well as Article 13 of Chapter IV of the Statute of 1529 and Article 7 of Chapter VIII of the Statute of 1566 with Justinian's 115th novella. It is proved that the active transplantation of the norms of Roman law to the Lithuanian-Russian soil did not begin in the Statute of 1566, but during the work on the Statute of 1529. It was established that the reception of the provisions of Roman law in the Lithuanian statutes is mostly superficial, the theoretical part and complex legal categories Roman jurisprudence is almost never used, and borrowings often turn into a literal translation of one or another norm. The author comes to the conclusion that in some cases the Lithuanian-Russian law adopted the Roman norms of inheritance law so much that it even used identical exceptions from the general rules. The problem of ways of reception of Roman legal norms, especially regarding the Statute of 1529, remains debatable and relevant enough to be analyzed in detail in a separate scientific study in the future.
ADVERSE AGROMETEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA ON THE TERRITORY OF UKRAINE DURING 2006-2020
Authors:   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Service Emergencies of Ukraine, Kyiv, Pyasetska S.I.
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the study of weather conditions of adverse agrometeorological phenomena (droughts) on the territory of Ukraine during the fifteen-year period of 2006-2020. The purpose of the work is to establish the peculiarities of the temperature and humidity regime in the months of the warm period of the year during certain years of the last fifteen-year period, taking into account the droughts that were observed in this period. For each year and month of the studied period, an analysis of the relevant weather conditions accompanying droughts in the territory of Ukraine was carried out. The influence of temperature conditions and features of humidification on the territorial distribution and duration of droughts has been proven. In general, during the studied period, it was established that drought phenomena were not observed only in 2012, 2016, 2018 and 2019. Droughts could start in the air or in the soil and eventually develop into air-soil droughts. In 10 years of the studied period, severe air and soil droughts were observed in large areas. Mostly droughts were observed from the end of June to the end of July, but in some years droughts could start from April and be observed with certain breaks until the beginning (mid) of autumn. In 2011, there was a case of air drought at the end of February and in March. In addition, in some years, air-soil droughts could be observed in autumn not only from its beginning, but also until its end (November 2011, 2015). For the most part, territorial droughts during 2006-2020 were observed in the east, southeast, and south, but they could also be observed in most of the country, including part of the northern territories. In some years, droughts were accompanied by droughts and dust storms. It was established that in the months of the warm period of the year, the average monthly air temperature was mostly above the norm by 1-2º C, while in some months and years the norm could be significantly exceeded, especially in the summer months from 4 to 7º. In autumn, for the most part, the average monthly air temperature was within normal limits, but in some years it was 1-3º degrees above normal. Precipitation during the studied months was extremely unevenly distributed across the territory of Ukraine. In the spring, precipitation was mostly close to normal. In the summer months, precipitation was often insufficient, sometimes less than half of the norm. In autumn, the amount of precipitation increased mostly to the norm and above, but in some years a deficit of precipitation was observed in most of the territory of Ukraine. At the end of autumn, mostly precipitation fell close to norm, and in some places even more than normal.
Total hip arthroplasty in the treatment of severe stages of osteonecrosis of the femoral head and osteoarthritis: results and complications
Authors: Panin Mikhail A. , Zagorodniy Nikolay  V. , Boiko Andrey  V. , Petrosyan Armenak S.
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND: Nowadays total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the method of choice for the treatment of late stages osteonecrosis of the femoral head (OFH) and osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip joint.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and complication pattern of THA in late stages of OFH and OA.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 74 patients who underwent primary THA for OA stages IIIIV (Kellgren and Lawrence classification) and for OFH stages IIIIV (ARCO classification). Group 1 included 34 patients with OFH stages IIIIV, and group 2 40 patients with OA stages IIIIV. The groups were comparable by gender and age. All patients underwent implantation of endoprosthesis components using press-fit fixation with a metalpolyethylene articulation. Treatment results were assessed with regard to the incidence of complications and functional results at 3, 6 months, 1 and 3 years after THA.
RESULTS: In our study, the survival rate of components after THA within 3 years after implantation was 100%. No cases of periprosthetic fracture, periprosthetic infection, and aseptic instability of endoprosthesis components were observed in both groups. The surface inflammation of the postoperative wound was detected in 1 (2.9%) patient in the OFH group and in 1 (2.5%) patient in OA group. Dislocation of the endoprosthesis occurred in 1 patient with OFH; there were no such findings in the OA group. The frequency of peri-implant osteolysis was twice lower (2.5%) in patients with OA compared to OFH group (5.8%). There were no statistically significant differences in the functional results dynamics before and after surgery between the groups (Harris score). The average Harris scale score in patients with OFH was 63 and reached 94 after 3 years; in OA group 58 and 94, respectively.
CONCLUSION: THA is an alternative method in the treatment of severe hip arthroplasty. Endoprosthetics using a cementless endoprosthesis with a metalpolyethylene articulation demonstrated high efficacy as well as a low number of complications among patients with OFH and OA. We found no significant difference in THA results in terms of survival, postoperative complications, and functional outcome in patients with OFH and OA. Longer postoperative follow-up is advisable, which may allow us to establish some differences in treatment outcomes.
Surgical treatment of chronic vertically unstable pelvic ring injuries
Authors: Kuleshov Aleksandr A. , Aganesov Nikolay A. , Vetrile Marchel S. , Lazarev Anatoly F. , Gudushauri Yago G. , Solod Eduard I. , Lisyansky Igor N. , Makarov Sergey N.
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND: The initial severity of patients with vertically unstable pelvic injuries often does not allow to perform timely reconstructive surgical intervention. Thus, the number of chronic injuries increases. Treatment of patients with long-term pelvic ring damage (after 3 weeks from injury) with significant vertical displacement (over 20 mm) is a problem of its own.
AIM: To analyze the immediate and long-term results obtained in patients with unresectable and chronic vertical unstable pelvic ring injuries.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The results for 58 patients treated at the Priorov National Medical Research Center with chronic vertically unstable damage to the pelvic ring in the period from 2017 to 2022 were analyzed. Clinical and radiological diagnostic methods, as well as the Majeed questionnaire, were used to assess the treatment results.
RESULTS: The follow-up period for the patients ranged from 1 to 3 years (2.1 years on average). All patients after surgical treatment showed pain syndrome regression in the posterior pelvic area, decreased pain in sitting and standing positions, which improved their quality of life. All patients were able to move independently, to self-care after the treatment. Excellent results according to Majeed questionnaire one year after surgery were achieved in 4 (8.2%) patients, good in 40 (81.6%), acceptable in 5 (10.2%), there were no unsatisfactory results.
CONCLUSION: The vertebral-pelvic fixation technique allows specialists to effectively treat long-standing vertically pelvic ring unstable injuries and perform one-stage repositioning and stable fixation of the posterior pelvic ring.
Analisis Risiko Flow Information dalam Construction Supply Chain dengan Tinjauan Pekerjaan Pondasi Rakit
Authors: Harsoyo Yoga Aprianto , Rahman Rais Fattiya
Published: March 2023

Kurangnya intensitas bertukar informasi dan kepercayaan antara kontraktor dengan pemasok menyebabkan pekerjaan dalam proyek tersebut terhambat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat risiko dan respon penanangan risiko aliran informasi dalam rantai pasok pada proyek Student Dormitory UMY dengan tinjauan pondasi rakit. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah frequency index dan severity index. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif. Data – data yang digunakan berasal dari interview dan kuisioner. Dan diketahui dalam pembangunan gedung Sudent Dormitoy UMY terdapat 10 variabel risiko aliran informasi dari persepsi kontraktor terhadap supplier dan 10 variabel risiko aliran informasi dari persepsi supplier terhadap kontraktor. Dari hasil analisis data 10 variabel risiko didapatkan 1 variabel dengan risiko kategori sangat tinggi dari persepsi kontraktor terhadap supplier dan 2 variabel dengan risiko kategori sangat tinggi dari persepsi supplier terhadap kontraktor. Semua pihak yang terlibat dalam aktivitas rantai pasok tersebut memilih melakukan respon risiko untuk mengurangi dampak risiko tersebut.
Optimalisasi Campuran Beton Porous Dengan Bahan Tambah Abu Batu Kerajinan Batuan Gunung Merapi
Authors: Setiawan Agung , Teguh Mochamad
Published: March 2023

Low impact development materials to stormwater management needs to be continued. Hydraulics characteristics of porus concrete is one of the efforts to control storm water run off. The development of porus concrete to improve its mechanical and hydraulic properties continues. The results of the mentioned tests were analyzed and then the optimum proportion was determined. Laboratory experiment method using stone ash added as a by-product of rock crafts from Mount Merapi, 100% by weight of cement. Mix design using a variation of cement : aggregate 1:2 to 1:8. The results showed that the proportion of cement mixture compared to 1:3 and 1:4 aggregates with added rock ash produced a compressive strength of 14.48 MPa and 10.59 MPa, respectively.Compressive strength meets the specifications of grade D paving blocks. Infiltration of 0.25 cm/sec and 0.35 cm/sec. Permeability of 1.02 cm/s and 1.44 cm/s according to American Concrete Insitute (ACI) 552R-10.
Dambreak Risk Analysis of Jenelata Dam and its Mitigation Plan
Authors: Sandi Calvin , Nugroho Eka Oktarianto , Cahyono M.
Published: March 2023

Makassar City is often experiences flood during rainy season and lack of water during dry season. Therefore, Jenelata Dam is planned to be built in South Sulawesi with a watershed area of 221.22 km2. Every dam has a dambreak potential due to many factors such as earthquakes.  Risk analysis is carried out in order to study the most effective mitigation plan on minimizing the risk index. Flood hydrograph modeling due to dambreak is done using HEC-HMS with the most extreme dambreak scenario is due to overtopping with a discharge peak of 48726.47 m3/s. The flood inundation modeling is done using HEC-RAS with the inundation area due to overtopping was 20842.48 Ha. The results of the inundation map and demographic data are then used as the basis for determining the risk index per sub-district. The mitigation plan is in the form of structural and non-structural. The structural solution was determined through testing the effectiveness of every solution on reducing the flood inundation area, where the installation of embankments with 150 cm high on the main and river branch give the best result. Implementation of the mitigation plan is based on the risk index value of the sub-district and its components. The final result is a risk index with implementation of the mitigation plan as a comparison to the risk index without the mitigation plan. The result obtained is a decrease in the risk index on several sub-districts from high to medium or medium to low.
Simulasi Back Propagation Dalam Prediksi Data Kunjungan Kapal Dalam dan Luar Negeri Sumatera Selatan Tahun 2019 sampai 2021
Authors: Firdausa Fadhila , Ibrahim Ibrahim , Herius Andi , Prayuda Hakas
Published: March 2023

Kondisi Sumatera Selatan yang memiliki sungai musi yang panjang dan berbatasan dengan. Kepulauan Bangka Belitung membuat perjalanan lalu lintas keairan menjadi perhatian penting. Selain itu hasil sumber daya Sumatera Selatan berupa minyak, gas alam, dan batu bara dan lain-lain menjadi pusat industri yang pemasarannya melalui jalur darat dan laut. Berdasarkan hasil ekspor import pelabuhan Boom Baru merupakan akses ekspor import terbesar di Sumatera Selatan. Oleh karena hal itu kunjungan keluar masuk kapal dalam dan luar negeri harus dilakukan dengan seksama dan terekam secara baik. Back Propagation merupakan simulasi buatan yang dibuat berdasarkan system kerja jaringan syaraf tiruan. Simulasi ini meniru data input yang dimasukkan sehingga menghasilkan data output yang mendekati hasil dari data input. Simulasi ini juga memiliki kecanggihan berupa menirukan data range yang berada diantara data input. Sehingga memudahkan dalam memprediksi data yang tidak ada didalam data input. Data kunjungan kapal dalam dan luar negeri diambil dari data Badan Pusat Statistik Sumatera Selatan dari tahun 2019 sampai 2021. Hasil simulasi Back Propagation untuk data kunjungan dalam negeri yang menghasilkan eror terkecil 0,92% dengan trial epoch sebanyak  175693 dan mengalami eror data di 53%. untuk data kunjungan luar negeri yang menghasilkan eror terkeci 1,44% dengan trial epoch sebanyak 189367 dan mengalami eror data di 73%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa simulasi Back Propagation mampu memprediksi data kunjungan kapal dalam  dan luar negeri.
Kajian Kebutuhan Dan Ketersediaan Sumber Air Spamdes Di Dusun Kaliapak, Banjarsari, Samigaluh, KulonProgo
Authors: Ichsan Muhamad Hafidzudin , Hairani Ani , Barid Burhan
Published: March 2023

This research was conducted at SPAMDes (Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum Pedesaan) Tirta Lestari which is located in Kaliapak, Banjarsari, Samigaluh, Kulon Progo. This study discusses the water availability from SPAMDes Tirta Lestari for 10 years later. The purpose of this research to determine the capacity of customers that can be served with existing source water discharge and predict the final year that can be served with the growth of customers and existing source water discharge. This research method uses least square and geometric methods in predicting population growth. Analysis of water demand takes into water losses of 15% and 37%. The results of this study in 2031 SPAMDes Tirta Lestari can serve with a total of 85 home connections (SR) customers with a total water need of 0.32 liters / second (loss of 15%) and 0.37 liters / second (loss of 37%). The number of customers who can be served with a source water discharge of 0.89 liters / second is 109 SR (loss 15%) and 100 SR (loss 37%).
Tunicamycin induced inhibition of calpain 1 and 2 enzyme activity in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Sari Kilicaslan Seda M. , Zerrin İncesu
Published: March 2023

Background: Tunicamycin (TN) is an antitumor agent and induced intracellular calcium levels in many cells, however its molecular mechanism is still needed to be explored. Calpeptin (Calp) is an inhibitor of both calpain 1 and 2 (CAPN-1/2) enzymes, and plays a fundamental role in tumor mechanism. In this study, the effects of TN and Calp were investigated on CAPN-1/2 enzyme activity in normal and ovarian cancer cells adhered to fibronectin.
Methods: 24uM TN, 50uM Calp, and combined TN and Calp (TN+Calp) were applied for 1 and 12 hours to FN-bound (FN+) and non-FN-bound (FN-) normal human ovarian epithelial (IHOSE) and ovarian cancer (SKOV-3) cells. The activation of CAPN-1/2 was measured by the luminescent method and the significance of the results was analyzed with the t-test.
Results: CAPN-1/2 enzyme activity (at 12 hour) was present in both cell lines, but the level of enzyme is higher in IHOSE cells compared to SKOV-3 cells. The results showed that 1 hour TN and TN+Calp applications stimulated CAPN-1/2 enzyme activity in IHOSE cells but did not show any stimulating effect in SKOV-3 cells. After 12-hour of treatment, the cells with TN, Calp or TN+Calp showed an inhibitory effect on CAPN-1/2 enzyme in both FN+IHOSE and SKOV-3 cells. At 12-hour TN+Calp administration was determined to be the most effective inhibitor in FN+ SKOV-3 since it inhibited CAPN1/2 activity statistically significantly more than both Calp and TN administrations.
Conclusions: The effects of TN, Calp and TN+Calp applications on the CAPN-1/2 enzyme varied according to the cell type, normal or cancer cells, and whether the cell was bound to FN and the incubation period. 12 h administrations of TN, Calp or TN+Calp inhibited the CAPN-1/2 enzyme in both FN+ IHOSE and SKOV-3 cells.
Role of hydroxychloroquine in preconception period of recurrent miscarriage patients
Authors: Mamta Singh
Published: March 2023

Background: Three or more times of embryonic or fetal losses is termed as recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). 1-2% women globally suffer from RPL which in turn causes physical and emotional devastation in such women. A deregulation of immune cells and cytokines is observed in women with RPL. Immunomodulatory drugs like hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) could thus be a justifiable line of therapy for normal conceiving in women who encountered RPL. Thus, the objective of current study was to evaluate whether oral administration of HCQ 200 mg twice a day in preconception period would improve conception and pregnancy outcome in RPL patients or not.
Methods: Total 50 women with history of RPL and difficulty in conception were given 200 mg bd of HCQ orally twice a day along with once a day 5 mg dose of folic acid. To the above treatment protocol low dose ecosprin was added immediately after positive pregnancy test. After 20 weeks, HCQ dose was terminated while ecosprin was continued. Iron, calcium and protein supplements were continued in all patients.
Results: 36 patients out of 50 who received HCQ conceived easily. Majority of patients who received the treatment protocol remained asymptomatic and exhibited no severe adverse effects. Out of 36 patients who conceived total 15 patients had normal delivery while 8 patients underwent lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) at term end and 5 patients had to undergo preterm delivery.
Conclusions: HCQS use in preconception period facilitate conception and prevent miscarriage in refractory cases of RPL.
Utility of bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy in various haematological malignancies
Authors: Thakur Shilpa , Thaker Bharti , Kailash Singh Thaker  , Afsana Anjum
Published: March 2023

Background: The bone marrow examination is a useful and cost-effective diagnostic procedure in haematological practice for the diagnosis of haematological disorders. It may either confirm the clinically suspected disease or may provide the previously unsuspected diagnosis. The bone marrow examination can be done by bone marrow aspiration as well as by performing bone marrow biopsy. The aim of the study is to compare the diagnostic accuracy and rate of concordance between two modalities of bone marrow examination in diagnosis of haematological malignancies.
Methods: The study was conducted at haematology section of the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Jammu spanned over a period of 2.5 years from June 2020 to December 2022. The clinical data along with physical examination, relevant haematological, biochemical and radiological investigations were also reviewed. After taking the informed consent bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy were done under aseptic precautions.
Results: A total of 250 cases of haematological malignancies were studied over a 2.5 year period. The most common haematological malignancy was found to be leukemia 194 (77.6%) cases, followed by plasma cell dyscrasia with 30 (12%) cases, lymphomas and myeloproliferative disorders each with 11 (4.4%) cases and metastatic deposits 4 (1.6%) cases. In the present study, 64/250 (25.6%) patients underwent BMA and trephine biopsy simultaneously. A positive concordance was seen in 46 (71.8%) of the cases between the two methods and diagnostic discordance was observed in 10 (16.3%) of the cases.
Conclusions: Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy both complement each other and should be evaluated simultaneously. This study emphasizes the need for greater vigilance in the early diagnosis and an interdisciplinary approach for the effective management of patients as well as inclusion of trephine biopsy as regular procedure for complete evaluation of patients with haematological malignancies.
A prospective study on the role of immunotherapy in metastatic cancer patients at Combined Military Hospital Dhaka
Authors: M. Quadrat E. Elahi
Published: March 2023

Background: Immunotherapy is a treatment that uses a person’s immune system to fight cancer. Immunotherapy can boost or change how the immune system works so it can find and attack cancer cells. Among several cancers, metastatic cancer causes high mortality, and immunotherapies are expected to be effective in the prevention and treatment of metastatic cancer patients. In Bangladesh, we do have not enough research-based information regarding the role of immunotherapy in treating metastatic cancer patients. This study aimed to assess the role of immunotherapy in treating metastatic cancer patients.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in combined military hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from 26 March 2021 to 21 July 2022. In total 19 patients with metastatic cancer were enrolled in this study as study subjects. Proper written consent was taken from all the participants before data collection. Two (02) different outcomes were studied in this study; progression-free survival (PFS) and side effect percentages. A predesigned questionnaire was used in data collection. All data were processed, analyzed, and disseminated by using MS excel and SPSS version 23 program as per necessity.
Results: In using pembrolizumab, side effects, fatigue, nausea, and decreased appetite were found 43%, 22%, and 20% lesser respectively than chemotherapy which was noticeable. In using nivolumab, as a side effect, skin rash was found 66% lesser than chemotherapy. Besides this, itching, face swelling, and apnea was found 33% lesser. On the other hand, in using atezolizumab, as side effects, swelling of arms and constipation were found 66% lesser, and itching, as well as apnea, was found 33% lesser than that in chemotherapy. At the 6-month follow-up we observed that in the nivolumab and atezolizumab treated groups 66% of cases survived separately whereas, in pembrolizumab treated group, 61% survived.
Conclusions: In this study in all treatment groups, side effects were found as lesser than that in using chemotherapy. No major complication of any patients was observed in this study. So, can conclude that immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are better choice for metastatic diseases and ICIs exert lesser side effects than conventional chemotherapies.
Accuracy of Shukla’s formula for depth of insertion of umbilical venous catheter
Authors: Vegesna Dedeepya  , Gudavalli Mounica  , N. L. Sravanthi  , Arigela Sumasree  , B. Vijaya Lakshmi
Published: March 2023

Background: The use of umbilical venous catheter (UVC) is an essential part of neonatal care allowing delivery of intravenous fluids, nutrition, and medication.  It is important to know the position of the UVC tip accurately at the first attempt to prevent complications and minimize handling. We aimed to determine the precision and accuracy of Shukla’s formula developed to guide UVC placement and to evaluate the probability of UVC placement at desired radiological markings using weight-based Shukla’s formula.
Methods: This study was carried out at NICU in NRI medical college, a tertiary care center in Chinakakani, Andhra Pradesh, India. A prospective observational study was done from December of 2021 to September 2022. With an aim to study the accuracy of Shukla's formula in assessing the depth of insertion of UVC, depth was calculated and position of the tip of the catheter confirmed by x-ray.
Results: We have taken 138 neonates in our NICU unit with mean gestational age of 33.91 wks. and with mean birth weight of 1.91 kg. Out of 138 infants 99 had a successful ideal UVC placement using Shukla's formula. In reference to gestational age out 83 newborns in gestational age between 32-36 weeks 62 had ideal placement of UVC. In reference to birth weight ideal position of the UVC was seen in 73% of newborns.
Conclusions: Shukla’s formula provided a reasonably accurate probability of achieving ideal UVC position in most of our babies: accurate in 72%.
Conditions of Sale in Islamic Jurisprudence
Authors: Yousufi Obidul Rahman , Farooqi Mohammad Shuaib , Anwari Gulaqa
Published: March 2023

This research has been done on the conditions of sale, which are mentioned in the Islamic jurisprudence for the sale, so that the sale is confirmed and forbidden sale is prevented, and this shows the general purpose of this article. The working method of this article is a library, to complete the content of this article, authoritative books such as Fatah al-Qadir, Bada'i al-Sana'ia, Fiqh al-Sunnah, etc. have been used. And the results show that the jurists of the four sects of Ahl al-Sunnah and Jama'at have defined the sale in different terms, but the common point is that everyone is of the opinion that the sale is the exchange of property for property, which is done by way of compromise and for The correctness and correctness of the sale, it is necessary to have the proper distribution Some of them are related to warm transaction contracts, and some of them are related to things that are transacted, i.e. the price of the seller, and some of them are related to the form of contract, i.e. demand and acceptance.
Sampling Variance Estimation Method and Precision of Small Area Estimation in the Exponential Spatial Structure
Authors: Mehrabi Yadollah , Kavousi Amir , Soltani-Kermanshahi Mojtaba
Published: March 2023

Introduction: In various practical applications, neighbouring small area data have spatial correlation. More recently, an extension of the Fay–Herriot model through the spatial (exponential) has been considered. This spatial area-level model like the fundamental area-level model (was first suggested by Fay III and Herriot) has a powerful assumption of known sampling variance. Several methods have been suggested for smoothing of sampling variance and there is no unique method for sampling variance estimation, more studies need.
Methods: This research examines four techniques for sampling variance estimates including of Direct, Probability Distribution, Bayes and Bootstrap methods. We used households’ food expenditures (HFE) data 2013 and other socio-economic ancillary data to fit the read model and at last conduct a simulation study based on this data to compare the effects of four variance estimation methods on precision of small area estimates.
Results: The best model on real data showed that the lowest and the highest HFE belonged to Pishva district (in Tehran province) with 26,707 thousand rials (TRs) and Omidiyeh (in Khouzestan province) with 101,961 TRs, respectively. Accordingly on simulation study, the probability distribution and direct methods, respectively and approximately had the smallest and the highest Root Average Mean Square Errors (RAMSE) for all conditions.
Conclusion: The results showed the best fitting with direct method in real data and best precision with Probability Distribution method in simulation study.
On The Search for Convergence of Functional Brain Patterns across Neuroimaging Studies: A Coordinate-Based Meta-Analysis Using Gibbs Point Process
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Morteza , Tahmasian Masoud , Rasekhi Aliakbar
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Coordinate-based meta-analysis (CBMA) is a standard method for integrating brain functional patterns in neuroimaging studies. CBMA aims to identify convergency in activated brain regions across studies using coordinates of the peak activation (foci). Here, we aimed to introduce a new application of the Gibbs models for the meta-regression of the neuroimaging studies.
Methods: We used a dataset acquired from 31 studies by previous work. For each study as well as foci, study features such as SD duration and the average age were extracted. Two widely Gibbs models, Area-interaction and Geyer saturation were fitted on the foci. These models can quantify and test evidence for clusters in foci using an interaction parameter. We included study features in the models to identify their contribution to foci distribution and hence determine sources of the heterogeneity.
Results: Our results revealed that latent study-specific features have a moderate contribution to the heterogeneity of foci distribution. However, the effect of age and SD duration was not significant (p<0.001). Additionally, the estimated interaction parameter was 1.34 (p<0.001) which denotes strong evidence of clusters in foci.
Conclusion: Overall, this study highlighted the role of the interaction parameter in CBMA. The results of this work suggest that Gibbs models can be considered as a promising tool for neuroimaging meta-analysis.
Joint Frailty Model of Recurrent and Terminal Events in the Presence of Cure Fraction using a Bayesian Approach
Authors: Arab Borzu Zahra , Baghestani Ahmad Reza , Talebi Ghane Elaheh , Khadem Maboudi Ali Akbar , Akhavan Ali , Saeedi Anahita
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Recurrent event data are common in many longitudinal studies. Often, a terminating event such as death can be correlated with the recurrent event process. A shared frailty model applied to account for the association between recurrent and terminal events. In some situations, a fraction of subjects experience neither recurrent events nor death; these subjects are cured.
Methods: In this paper, we discussed the Bayesian approach of a joint frailty model for recurrent and terminal events in the presence of cure fraction. We compared estimates of parameters in the Frequentist and Bayesian approaches via simulation studies in various sample sizes; we applied the joint frailty model in the presence of cure fraction with Frequentist and Bayesian approaches for breast cancer.
Results: In small sample size Bayesian approach compared to Frequentist approach had a smaller standard error and mean square error, and the coverage probabilities close to nominal level of 95%. Also, in Bayesian approach, the sampling means of the estimated standard errors were close to the empirical standard error.
Conclusion: The simulation results suggested that when sample size was small, the use of Bayesian joint frailty model in the presence of cure fraction led to more efficiency in parameter estimation and statistical inference.
A Model for Predicting Medical Solid Waste in Hilla City, Iraq
Authors: Fatlawi Suad Al , Al-Alwani Mustafa
Published: March 2023

Introduction: To improve current practices and create the most effective healthcare waste treatment system, solid medical waste composition needs to be analyzed. This  study aims to develop models to predict the rate of medical waste production in hospitals in Hilla city, Iraq. Predictive mode can be used to set standards, evaluate current methods for treating and disposing medical waste, and optimize healthcare solid waste management systems.
Materials and Methods: Predictive models and long-term data on the composition and rate of solid medical waste generation were developed using a longitudinal study design. A standardized questionnaire and weighted scale were used to measure solid medical waste generated from the five public hospitals. Statistics were used to create models predicting the amount of waste generated at each hospital.
Results: These models demonstrated a significant correlation between inpatient and outpatient numbers and waste generation. Different hospitals treat different numbers of inpatients and outpatients. Different models have been created based on various types of hospitals.
Conclusion: Linear rule-based models accurately represent the weights of variables, identify the sources and implications of solid medical waste, and control waste levels by using a variety of parameters. The research model can help in the development of an effective strategic plan for setting up a medical solid waste (MSW) management system.
Management of Water Resources and Health Promotion in Drought: An Indigenous Knowledge-Based Qualitative Study
Authors: Jahangiri Katayoun , Fatehpanah Azadeh
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Drought is a slow-onset natural disasters and a gradual concern. Throughout the centuries, Iranians have applied various methods to preserve water resources and adjust themselves to the drought. This study was conducted with the aim of preserving water resources by households during a drought with the approach of indigenous knowledge.
Material and Methods: The study was carried out from April 2017 to June 2018. A qualitative content analysis method was used to obtain insight into personal experiences. A purposive sampling method was used to select 15 participants. The research population consisted of native villagers who lived in rural areas near the three main plains of Yazd province (Yazd-Ardakan plain, Abarkouh plain, and Herat Va Marvast plain). Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.
Results: The components related to indigenous knowledge were placed in 4 categories and 15 sub-categories. The main categories were personal hygiene, conservation of scarce resources, prediction of drought, and classification of water in terms of quality and its supply sources.
Conclusion: Indigenous knowledge reflects several generations of experience. This knowledge is a valuable resource about how local communities interact with their ever-changing environments. We must pay attention to personal health behaviors and how our ancestors used and preserved scarce resources. It is necessary to identify and correct these behaviors and support them through proper management and financial resources at the community level. To preserve water resources in droughts, it is essential to use appropriate management and policy-making and motivational methods, and educate families.
Modeling the Dispersion of Gaseous Pollutants CO and NO2 from Fixed Sources (Stacks) Using AERMOD model (Maroon petrochemical company)
Authors: Izadrezaei A , Ahmadi Nadoushan M , Lotfi P
Published: March 2023

Introduction: AERMOD model is a Gaussian model, which is widely used to model the emission of air pollutants from different sources and for distances less than 50 km from emission sources. Nowadays, petrochemical industries are one of the essential and cost-effective industries for the country. So, along with the progress of these industries, air pollution control should be considered. The purpose of this study is to model the dispersion of two pollutants, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, emitted from Maroon petrochemical stacks.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the emission of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides from the stacks of the Maroon Petrochemical Complex was modeled using the AERMOD model in 2019. For modeling the dispersion of pollutants using AERMOD, which is the model proposed by the EPA for comprehensive studies of air pollution, the three-hour data from Bandar Mahshahr synoptic station as well as a digital elevation model with 30 m pixel size were gathered and then modeling was done in an area of 2500 square kilometers. 
Results: The results indicated that the average annual concentration of nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide pollutants was 1.44 and 1.3 mg/m3, respectively, at a distance of 900 meters from the stacks. This land area includes Maroon Petrochemical Complex and does not affect residential areas.
Conclusion: The results of this study also indicated that the AERMOD model is suitable for comprehensive studies, with a focus on pollution concentration.
The results of this study showed that the concentration of carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide pollutants is lower than the standards assigned by the Iranian Department of Environment. Maintenance programs, employee health monitoring, output control, and appropriate controls under EPA recommendations have a significant impact on controlling and reducing pollutant emissions. The result of this study also showed that the AERMOD model is highly efficient in comprehensive air pollution studies that require a detailed investigation of pollutant concentration.
Comparison of problems related to 12 and 24-shift shift work in emergency medical technicians of Ardabil province
Authors: Mesri H , Mehri S , Aghamohammadi M
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Shift work is one of the factors affecting the performance of employees in the field of health care, which can have important effects on their health. The present study was conducted to compare the problems related to 12 and 24-hour shift work among emergency medical technicians in Ardabil province.
Materials and Methods: The present study was descriptive-analytical research that was conducted on 157 technicians from 115 urban emergency centers in Ardabil province who were selected by census method in 2018. The data collection tool was standard shift work (SSW) questionnaire. The data were analyzed through SPSS version 20 software and using descriptive statistics and a chi-square test.
Results: The results showed that the physical and mental workload of emergency medical technicians working 12-hour shifts is higher than that of 24-hour shift workers. Also, the willingness of 12-hour shift workers to continue working according to the productivity improvement law was significantly more than urban 24-hour shift workers (P<0.001). 24-hour shift technicians had more time for personal life compared to 12-hour shift workers (P=0.008). Feeling tired during the day, stomachache and heartburn, and back pain were relatively common problems among all emergency medical workers.
Conclusion: Considering that the physical and mental workload of 12-hour shift workers is more than 24-hour shifts, it is recommended that managers should prioritize the work schedule of emergency medical technicians, including reducing their working hours.
The relationship between mental health and sleep quality in students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 1994-93
Authors: Sepehrmanesh Z , Moraveji A , Kalantar mehrjardi F
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Sleep is one of most essential cycle in a day that has a complex biological pattern. Sleep and sleep disorders have an important role in people's life. Sleep disorders have adverse effect on social performance in addition mental health threat .Prevalence of sleep disorders is increasing specially in young people. Some groups like students have more sleep disorders. This study aimed to assess the relation between mental healths with sleep quality in students.
Methods and Materials: In this case-control, dormitories students of kashan university of medical science were studied from 2013 to 2014. We selected 200 students include 100 person with sleep disorder and 100 students without sleep disorder by randomized sampling. Three questionnaires used includes: Demographic information, Pittsburgh and GHQ. All data improved with EPIINFO program and were analyzed by SPSS 16. We used chi-square and t-test for analysis of dependent and independent changeable data and regression methods used to control confounding data.
Results: This persons were108 female (54%) and 92 male (46%). 22 person were married, and 177 person were single. Mean age in person with sleep disorder was 22.61, and without sleep disorders was 22.35 without significant difference. Psychological disorders like anxiety, depression and physical health have significant relation with sleep disorders (P<0.01). GHQ score was 31.52% in people with sleep disorder and 18.49% without sleep disorder. Sex, dormitory, Marital status, Field of Study, Degree, Grade Point Average, age and time of sleeping have no relation to sleep disorders (P>0.05). Suicidal ideation was 35% in people with sleep disorders and 7% without sleep disorders. Ideation of suicidal attempts was 32% in people with sleep disorder and 7% without sleep disorder (P<0.001)
Conclusion: Sleep quality have important role in different items of mental health. Pay attention to improve sleep quality of dormitories students, and necessary actions like advice and training of sleep health is important to improve health status.