bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sorção de fósforo em função do teor inicial e de sistemas de manejo de solos
Authors: Rheinheimer D. S. , Anghinoni I. , Conte E.
Published: October 2012

A relação entre o P sorvido/P solução do solo pode ser influenciada pelo teor de P previamente sorvido e pelos sistemas de manejo. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar as modificações na capacidade de sorção máxima (Pmax) e na constante relacionada com a energia de ligação de P com os colóides (k) da isoterma de Langmuir, provocadas (a) pela inclusão do teor de P previamente sorvido (Ppre) e (b) por sistemas de manejo de solos. Coletaram-se, em maio de 1997, amostras de solo (Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico, Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico e Argissolo Vermelho distrófico típico), em três camadas (0-2,5, 2,5-7,5 e 7,5-17,5 cm), de três experimentos instalados a partir de 1979, envolvendo os sistemas plantio direto e cultivo convencional com diferentes sucessões de cultura. O solo foi equilibrado com oito concentrações de P em solução de CaCl2 0,001 mol L-1. Após a agitação por 16 h, avaliou-se a concentração de P no sobrenadante. Os dados de P-sorvido e P-solução foram ajustados à equação de Langmuir, obtendo-se a Pmax e a k, considerando ou não o Ppre. A inclusão do Ppre no modelo de Langmuir aumenta, em média, 2,9 vezes o valor da k e não afeta a Pmax, no LVdf, e aumenta em todas as camadas, no LVd, e na camada superficial, no PVd. A Pmax é pouco influenciada pelos métodos de preparo do solo, sucessões de culturas e camadas amostradas.
Alteração de atributos químicos do solo e estado nutricional e características agronômicas de plantas de milho, considerando as modalidades de calagem em plantio direto
Authors: Pires F. R. , Souza C. M. , Queiroz D. M. , Miranda G. V. , Galvão J. C. C.
Published: October 2012

A aplicação de calcário na superfície do solo em sistema plantio direto, sem incorporação, em determinadas condições edafoclimáticas, não tem sido eficaz na correção da acidez e no fornecimento de cálcio e magnésio às plantas. Na busca de alternativas para a realização da calagem sem as operações convencionais de aração e gradagem, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de diferentes modalidades de calagem nos atributos químicos do solo, no estado nutricional e nas características agronômicas da cultura do milho. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. Os tratamentos aplicados nas parcelas foram: milho híbrido duplo Z 8447, variedade de milho AL 25 e híbrido duplo AG 122 e, nas subparcelas, testemunha sem calagem, calcário aplicado ao longo do perfil do solo no sulco de semeadura, calcário aplicado a lanço na superfície do solo e calcário aplicado ao longo do perfil do solo no sulco de semeadura, mais calcário aplicado a lanço na superfície. Nos tratamentos que receberam calcário no sulco, a semeadura foi realizada no mesmo sulco que recebeu o calcário. A amostragem do solo foi feita 30 e 150 dias após a calagem, a partir da linha de semeadura até 25 cm de distância desta, em cinco profundidades. Determinaram-se pH em água e Ca, Mg e Al trocáveis nas amostras. Avaliou-se o estado nutricional do tecido foliar dos três cultivares, bem como algumas características agronômicas da cultura. Os resultados indicaram que o calcário aplicado no sulco de semadura foi distribuído eficientemente ao longo do perfil do solo até 20 cm de profundidade, em uma faixa de 10 cm de largura. O calcário aplicado na superfície teve efeito sobre as características químicas do solo somente até 5 cm de profundidade. A aplicação conjunta de calcário ao longo do perfil do solo no sulco de semeadura mais calcário em superfície foi mais eficiente para elevar os valores de pH e os teores Ca e Mg trocáveis e diminuir os teores de Al trocável. O estado nutricional dos cultivares e as características agronômicas do milho não foram afetados pelos tratamentos.
Comportamento do diclosulam em amostras de um latossolo vermelho distroférrico sob plantio direto e convencional
Authors: Lavorenti A. , Rocha A. A. , Prata F. , Regitano J. B. , Tornisielo V. L. , Pinto O. B.
Published: October 2012

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a dissipação, efeito na microbiota e sorção/dessorção do 14C-diclosulam num Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico cultivado há 10 anos sob plantio direto (PD) ou convencional (PC). Foram realizados três ensaios paralelos: dissipação, sorção/dessorção, atividade microbiana. Nos ensaios de dissipação e sorção/dessorção, os tratamentos consistiram na aplicação de diclosulam a amostras de solo oriundas de dois sistemas de preparo de solo; no experimento de atividade microbiana, testou-se a aplicação ou não do herbicida em amostras dos dois sistemas. O ensaio de dissipação foi realizado em frascos de Bartha, com avaliação semanal da mineralização do herbicida por radiorrespirometria. Nos mesmos períodos de avaliação, em outros frascos, foram extraídos o herbicida e seus metabólitos e, subseqüentemente, foi quantificada a fração remanescente no solo (fração resíduo ligado) após oxidação em oxidador biológico. A atividade microbiana do solo foi avaliada por meio da técnica da 14C-glicose. Nas isotermas de sorção/ dessorção, utilizaram-se cinco concentrações do herbicida e quatro dessorções para cada concentração. O sistema plantio direto acelerou a dissipação do diclosulam no solo, conforme a maior atividade microbiana, e a maior formação de resíduo ligado, relativamente ao sistema convencional. A extração do herbicida diminuiu com o tempo, graças à metabolização e ao aumento na formação da fração resíduo ligado. O diclosulam apresentou baixa taxa de sorção, independentemente do sistema de manejo. A aplicação do diclosulam não interferiu na atividade microbiana do solo. O sistema de manejo interferiu na dissipação do diclosulam no solo.
Aplicação de diethatyl para o controle de plantas daninhas em cultura de algodoeiro herbáceo
Authors: Cruz L.S.P. , Leiderman L.
Published: October 2012

Para conhecer a ação do herbicida diethatyl [N-cloroacetil -N-(2,6-dietilfenil) glicine] no controle de plantas infestantes de cultura de algodão herbáceo foram conduzidos sete experimentos de campo nos anos de 1974 e 1975. Os ensaios foram instalados em diversos tipos de solos onde diethatyl foi aplicado em pré-plantio incorporado e em pré-emergência e foi comparado com herbicidas já conhecidos e comumente empregados em algodoeiros e, ainda, com alguns novos herbicidas. Esse produto mostrou-se eficiente no controle de gramíneas e de algumas plantas daninhas de folhas largas e não foi prejudicial às plantas de algodão e à sua produção.
Movimento e inativação do metribuzin em materiais de dois solos, sob diferentes densidades aparentes
Authors: Fontes L.E.F. , Fernandes B. , Silva J.F. da
Published: October 2012

Numa série de ensaios em laboratório e casa-de-vegetação, estudou-se a mobilidade e a inativação do herbicida metribuzin em materiais de um Latossolo e de um Podzólico representativos de duas regiões do Estado de Minas Gerais, em função de diferentes densidades aparentes. Ensaios biológicos foram utilizados para medir a inativação e a mobilidade do metribuzin nos diferentes solos e densidades. A densidade aparente alterou de forma pronunciada a quantidade de herbicida lixiviado através das colunas dos materiais dos solos estudados. Quanto maior a densidade, menor a quantidade de herbicida lixiviado. A quantidade de herbicida que permaneceu biologicamente ativo ao longo da coluna foi diretamente relacionada com a densidade, em cada solo. A mobilidade do metribuzin no material do Latossolo foi maior que no de Podzólico, em consequência de maior atividade coloidal deste.
Capacidade reprodutiva de Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass.
Authors: Marinis G. de , Lepos A. , Friebolin L.P. , Musa R.A.M.
Published: October 2012

Uma população de Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass. ocorrente nos arredores de São José do Rio Preto (SP) foi estudada quanto à estatura, biomassa epígea seca, número de ramos, de capítulos por ramo e por indivíduo e quanto à produção de aquênios por capítulo e por indivíduo. Esta última foi relativamente baixa (média de 2510 aquênios) correspondendo, na base de 80% de germinabilidade, à média de 2008 disseminulos viáveis por indivíduo. Esta capacidade reprodutiva é muito superior ao número de indivíduos que habitualmente ocorrem em condições naturais. A fraca densidade populacional característica da espécie deve ser atribuída, portanto, a outros fatores, tais como, possivelmente, as condições do solo, a competição interespecífica e, talvez, a ação de inimigos naturais. A produção individual de capítulos e de aquênios revelou correlação com a estatura e a biomassa mas o número de aquênios por capítulo (53 em média) não revelou correlação com a estatura, a biomassa e a produção individual de capítulos e de aquénios, demonstrando ser um carater pouco afetado pelo vigor vegetativo.
Características da exposição ocupacional a poeiras em marmorarias da cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Santos Alcinéa Meigikos dos Anjos , Cançado Raul Zanoni Lopes , Anjos Roberto Meigikos dos , Amaral Norma Conceição do , Lima Leila Cristina Alves
Published: October 2012

O estudo das características da exposição ocupacional a poeiras no beneficiamento de rochas ornamentais em marmorarias teve como base a aplicação das convenções adotadas pela American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), pela International Organization for Standardization (ISO) e pelo Comité Europeén de Normalisation (CEN) para a classificação de poeiras por faixa de tamanhos de partícula. Foram consideradas as relações entre as concentrações de poeira nos ambientes de trabalho, os tipos de rochas trabalhadas, as operações a úmido e a seco, as máquinas e as ferramentas utilizadas e os tamanhos das partículas suspensas no ar. Os ambientes de trabalho das marmorarias mostraram altas concentrações de poeira nas frações inalável, torácica e respirável, originadas pelas ferramentas utilizadas no setor de acabamento a seco. As concentrações de sílica chegaram a ser 16 vezes superiores ao valor do limite de exposição ocupacional de 0,05 mg/m³. A avaliação de uma marmoraria que adotou acabamento a úmido mostrou que a probabilidade das concentrações ambientais ultrapassarem os valores de referência ocupacionais pôde ser reduzida em até 99%.
Acidente químico com dióxido de enxofre em um populoso distrito de uma grande metrópole: cenários de exposição a partir de um modelo Gaussiano de dispersão
Authors: Martins Junior Luiz , Lorenzi Ricardo Luiz
Published: October 2012

O artigo relata a ocorrência de um acidente químico maior em um distrito populoso de uma grande metrópole, envolvendo a emissão de dióxido de enxofre de uma planta de produção de ácido sulfúrico. Discutem-se alguns cenários possíveis de exposição da população do entorno, cotejando-se valores estimados da concentração de dióxido de enxofre com valores referenciais da legislação vigente. O artigo conclui que a construção de tais cenários pode ajudar na análise do risco a que essas populações estão expostas e na tomada de decisões que objetive seu controle.
Physiological quality of osmoprimed eggplant seeds
Authors: Reis Rodrigo de Góes Esperon , Guimarães Renato Mendes , Vieira Antônio Rodrigues , Gonçalves Nayara Roberto , Costa Valéria Hanny
Published: October 2012

Eggplant seeds germination can be slow and uneven, justifying the use of pre-germinative treatments to improve the performance of seed lots. One option of treatment is the controlled hydration of seeds by priming. In this way, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of eggplant seeds cv. Embu submitted to different methodologies of priming. The seeds used in the experiment were stored in cold chamber (15º C and 55% RH) in paper bags. The research was carried out at Central Laboratory of Seeds/UFLA. The seeds were submitted to the priming in aerated solutions varying the following factors: temperature (15º C and 25º C), time (24, 48 and 72 hours) and solution (water, PEG, KNO3 and PEG+KNO3). Seeds were washed in running water and dried at 30º C, until the return to the initial moisture content, around 10%. The variables analyzed were percentage of germination, percentage of emergence, speed index of emergence and electrical conductivity. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, according to a factorial arrangement 2x3x4+1 (control - seeds without priming). The results showed that priming improves the vigour of eggplant seeds with no effect on viability; the priming in water or KNO3 is efficient to improve the seed vigour and priming in water or KNO3 may use temperature of 15º C or 25º C for 24, 48 or 72 hours.
Bio-methods for soil stabilisation
Authors: Robles-Austriaco Lilia , Luna Mario Lord S. , Tolentino Maribel V.
Published: October 2012

The Philippines is a country of approximately 7000 islands and experiences monsoons and typhoons to an average of 20–30 typhoons per year which bring heavy rainfall. Due to the combinations of heavy rainfall and loss of indigenous vegetation, increasingly the Philippines is experiencing larger and more numerous landslides. In response to this identified problem the College of Engineering, Angeles University Foundation has undertaken some research on vetiver grass and other bio-methods for soil stabilisation. The objectives were to collect, repackage and disseminate information on bio-methods. To achieve these objectives, the Vetiver Grass Information Center was established to provide information not only on vetiver grass but also on other bio-methods for steep slope stabilisation and rehabilitation of degraded and disturbed land in many places. This paper presents research results, applications in the Philippines and the dissemination of information through the Vetiver Grass Information Center.
A community of metacommunities: exploring patterns in species distributions across large geographical areas
Authors: Henriques-Silva Renato , Lindo Zoë , Peres-Neto Pedro R.
Published: October 2012

Ecological communities show extremely complex patterns of variation in space, and quantifying the relative importance of spatial and environmental factors underpinning patterns of species distributions is one of the main goals of community ecology. Although we have accumulated good knowledge about the processes driving species distributions within metacommunities, we have few insights about whether (and how) environmental and spatial features can actually generate consistent species distributional patterns across multiple metacommunities. In this paper we applied the elements of metacommunity structure (EMS) framework to identify and classify metacommunities according to multiple but discrete patterns of species distributions. Given that each pattern has unique underlying structuring mechanisms, exploring and comparing such patterns across multiple metacommunities spanning large geographical areas provides a way to test the existence of general principles underlying species distributions within metacommunities. In this study, we applied the EMS framework into a data set containing about 9000 lakes distributed across 85 fish metacommunities across Ontario, Canada, and estimated the relative importance of local and spatial factors in explaining their distributional patterns. Nested and Clementsian gradients were the patterns that fitted most metacommunities; nested metacommunities were distributed throughout the province, while Clementsian gradient metacommunities were concentrated in the southeastern region. Sixty‐five percent of nested metacommunities were located in low‐energy watersheds (i.e., colder climate and shorter growing season), whereas metacommunities representing Clementsian gradients were present in high‐energy watersheds (i.e., relatively warmer climate and longer growing season). Taken together, our results reveal that the environmental and spatial properties in which metacommunities are embedded are at least partially responsible for their species distributional patterns.
The Philippines is Marlboro Country for Youth Smoking: Results from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS)
Authors: Page Randy M. , West Joshua H.
Published: October 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine cigarette brand preference trends and differences in Marlboro smokers in smoking-related attitudes and behaviors from smokers of other brands. This study analyzed data from 25,027 adolescents represented in the 2000, 2003, and 2007 Philippine Global Youth Tobacco Surveys. Results indicated that from 2000 to 2007 Marlboro clearly became the most preferred brand in both boys and girls. Further, Marlboro smokers were found to exhibit a stronger commitment to smoking, to smoke more frequently, and to hold more positive images of smoking compared to other brand smokers. Tobacco control efforts in the Philippines may benefit from educational and policy initiatives that lead to aggressive counter marketing efforts to address the industry's efforts to portray positive images of smoking.
Increased mean corpuscular volume as a predictor of response during bevacizumab treatment
Authors: Zygulska Lidia , Krzemieniecki Krzysztof
Published: October 2012

Background: Remission during sunitinib (a multikinase inhibitor and
antiangiogenic drug) treatment correlates with appearance of macrocytosis.
There are some suggestions that bevacizumab, an antiangiogenic drug, may
result in macrocytosis as well. There are no published data available on the
influence of bevacizumab on macrocytosis. This paper attempted to answer the
question: does bevacizumab induce macrocytosis being a predictor of the
response? Methods: Between August 2008 and August 2011, 53 patients (29 male
and 24 female) were treated with bevacizumab in the combination with
chemotherapy at the Oncological Department, University Hospital in Krakow,
Poland. Efficacy of bevacizumab was assessed on the basis of the computer
tomography scans performed every 3 months within the period of 12 months.
Concurrently, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was evaluated and correlated to
the response of the treatment. Results: The percentage increase of MCV
compared to baseline at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months was 3.7%, 9.2%, 8.7% and 11.8%
respectively. The mean value of baseline MCV was 85.3 fl. The mean value of
MCV at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months was 90.5 fl, 93 fl, 91.8 fl and 93.1 fl
respectively. Macrocytosis did not occur in our study but an increase of MCV
was observed within bevacizumab therapy. It was closely related to the
response of the treatment. It seems that an increase of MCV can be a
predictive agent of bevacizumab response. Conclusion: Bevacizumab does not
induce macrocytosis. Increased MCV after treatment with bevacizumab is
related to the treatment response. MCV can be a predictor of the response
during bevacizumab treatment. A small number of the observed patients
requires further investigations.
Testicular (gonadal stromal) fibroma: Case report
Authors: Tegeltija Dragana , Lovrenski Aleksandra , Panjkovic Milana , Eri Zivka , Klem Istvan
Published: October 2012

Testicular fibroma is a rare benign tumor of gradual growth, usually in the
third and fourth decade, in the form of a hypoechogenous nodule with clear
boundaries and is usually not accompanied by hormonal abnormalities.
Metastasis and recurrence of disease were not noted. A 40-year-old male
saught medical attention due to pain in the lower back that spread to the
pubic bones and the groin. During physical examination, a painless nodule
with clear boundaries was palpated in the right testicle, and the
ultrasonographic examination revealed hypoechogenic zone with vague
boundaries of about 10 mm in diameter. Standard biochemical analyses of blood
and urine tests and tumor markers (CEA, CA 125, CA 19-9, AFP and ?HCG) were
within the physiological limit. Histopathologic analysis set a diagnosis of
testicular fibroma. The absence of sex cords in the tumor tissue made it
possible to diagnose the patient using standard staining methods, but in
cases where these elements can be histologically verified,
immunohistochemical analysis should be introduced into a routine diagnostic
algorithm.
Application of new biosorbent based on chemicaly modified Lagenaria vulgaris shell for the removal of copper(II) from aqueous solutions: Effects of operational parameters
Authors: Kostic Milos , Radovic Miljana , Mitrovic Jelena , Bojic Danijela , Milenkovic Dragan , Bojic Aleksandar
Published: October 2012

In present study a low cost biosorbent derived from Lagenaria vulgaris plant
by xanthation, was tested for its ability to remove copper from aqueous
solution. The effect of contact time, initial pH, initial concentration of
copper(II) ions and adsorbent dosage on the removal efficiency were studied
in a batch process mode. The optimal pH for investigated metal was 5. A
dosage of 4 g dm-3 of xanthated Lagenaria vulgaris biosorbent (xLVB) was
found to be effective for maximum uptake of copper(II). The kinetic of
sorption of metal was fast, reaching at equilibrium in 50 min. The kinetic
data were found to follow closely the pseudo-second-order model. The
adsorption equilibrium was described well by the Langmuir isotherm model with
maximum adsorption capacity of 23.18 mg g-1 copper(II) ions on xLVB. The
presence of sulfur groups on xLVB were identified by FTIR spectroscopic
study. Copper removal efficiency was achieved at 81.35% from copper plating
industry wastevater.
The relations in the USA-EU-Russia triangle and their impact on global international relations
Authors: Jovic-Lazic Ana
Published: October 2012

The paper seeks to explain the basic characteristics, tendencies and
perspectives of relations in the USA-EU-Russia triangle and their
significance and impact in the wider international context. The author
explains the circumstances and the problems the USA, EU and Russia face in
their mutual cooperation, as well as the impact of this strategically
important cooperation on the overall international relations. She points to
the fact that in addition to the many common interests, there are significant
differences and contradictions in both international positions, as well as in
the immediate and long term goals of the USA, EU and Russia. It is emphasized
that an effective fight with a series of new threats and challenges in the
world, will ultimately require the restructuring of relations between the EU
and NATO, as well as the development of specific strategies for cooperation
between USA, EU and Russia. At the same time, as was stated, the EU should
play a greater role than before. It is concluded that in this respect there
are many unused opportunities for cooperation between Russia, EU and USA, and
that the impact of the EU in the world depends upon EU?s willingness and
ability to contribute to resolving international security problems.
Sustainable development as a factor in the energy dependency of the European Union
Authors: Rapaic Stevan
Published: October 2012

The main thesis of the author starts with the fact that the Sustainable
Development Strategy of the European Union is one of the major long-term
reducing instrument of energy dependency of the European Union. This paper
gives an overview of the total energy consumption and production in the EU
and its energy dependence on imports, mainly oil and gas. In order to meet
the needs of sustainable development, the EU aims to cut consumption of crude
oil, natural gas and solid fuels, and also to encourage the production and
consumption of renewable energy, which would reduce the import of fossil
fuels and contribute to energy efficiency. Despite numerous measures in order
to achieve sustainable development, crude oil and natural gas remain the most
important fuels in the EU, while its total energy dependency has increased
over the past ten years.
Boltzmann's philosophy of science
Authors: Maric Ilija
Published: October 2012

Boltzmann's work can be roughly divided into scientific and philosophical which comprises about the last ten years of his life. In 1903 he succeeded the chair of philosophy of science at the University of Vienna from Ernst Mach. The great physicist had a well-grounded philosophical education, and Principien der Metaphysik (The Principles of Metaphysics, 1904) by Serbian philosopher Branislav Petronijevic was among the less known sources of his philosophical ideas. There was no particular book in which he expounded systematically his philosophy of science. Some of its aspects can be reconstructed from his articles and lectures collected in the anthology Populdre Schriften (Popular Writings, 1905). Boltzmann's understanding of science was highly estimated by P. Feyerabend, and K. Popper claimed that he concurred the most with the philosophy of science of this Viennese physicist.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity in adult rural population of the northern part of Backa and Banat
Authors: Pavlica Tatjana , Bozic-Krstic Verica , Rakic Rada , Sakac Dejan
Published: October 2012

Background/Aim. Obesity represents one of the frequent health problems in
developed countries today. It is related to cardiovascular diseases, diabetes
and various cancer forms. The aim of the study was to determine the
prevalence of overweight and obesity in adult population of the northern
Backa and Banat. Methods. On the basis of a multistage stratified random
sampling, 4,505 individuals of the age 40.61 ? 11.29 years took part in the
study. The study included 46 rural settlements. The overweight and obesity
prevalence was obtained using the anthropometric indicators of body mass
index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and the waist to hip ratio (WHR). The
correlations among BMI, WC and WHR were determined by the Pearson's
correlation coefficient while the multiple regression analysis was used for
correlating sociodemographic parameters and the obesity index. Results. A
significant positive correlation was found in relation to all anthropometric
parameters in both sexes. The data indicated that 66.32% of males and 49.68%
of females had an overweight problem. On average, approximately 38.52% of
subjects of both sexes were overweight, while 19.48% were obese. The factors
that largely contributed to higher values of the obesity index were the age
of male subjects and the age, education and origin in females. Ragarding the
female subjects, the level of education negatively correlated with the level
of nutritional condition. Conclusion. The prevalence values of the overweight
and obese subjects, obtained on the basis of the anthropometric parameters,
vary. However, regardless methods applied, the percentage of the overweight
and obese persons is very high, being among the highest recorded in European
populations. The obtained results indicate the necessity of introducing
better education programmes and conducting regular health controls among
citizens in these regions.
Radionuclide treatment of metastatic disease in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Mihailovic Jasna , Trifunovic Jasna
Published: October 2012

nema
Comments by the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on the IAASB Proposal: Improving the Auditor's Report
Authors: Chen Long , Jones Keith L. , Lisic Ling Lei , Michas Paul , Pawlewicz Robert , Pevzner Mikhail B.
Published: October 2012

Recently, the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) solicited public comments on its proposal to improve the current format of the auditor's report under International Auditing Standards. This commentary summarizes the contributors' views on the various alternatives proposed in the IAASB proposal, entitled, Improving the Auditor's Report. The invitation to comment (which invited comments through October 8, 2012), with links to the proposal, is available at: http://www.ifac.org/publications-resources/improving-auditor-s-report. Our comments submitted to the IAASB appear below.
Morphometric evaluation of changes in the alveolar bone and roots of the maxillary anterior teeth before and after en masse retraction using cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Ahn Hyo-Won , Moon Sung Chul , Baek Seung-Hak
Published: October 2012

Objective:

To evaluate the morphometric changes in the alveolar bone and roots of the maxillary anterior teeth (MXAT) after en masse retraction with maximum anchorage (EMR-MA).

Materials and Methods:

The samples consisted of 37 female adult patients who had Class I dentoalveolar protrusion (CI-DAP) and were treated by extraction of the first premolars and EMR-MA. Using three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography taken before treatment and after space closure, the maxillary central incisors (MXCI, N  =  66), lateral incisors (MXLI, N  =  69), and canines (MXC, N  =  69) were superimposed using individual reference planes. After alveolar bone area (ABA), vertical bone level (VBL), root length (RL), root area (RA), and prevalence of dehiscence (PD) were measured at the cervical, middle, and apical levels, statistical analyses were performed.

Results:

On the palatal side, ABA significantly decreased in all levels of MXAT (P < .001; middle of MXC, P < .01). MXCI and MXLI exhibited a greater decrease in the ratio of change in palatal ABA than did MXC (cervical, P < .01; middle and apical, P < .05; total, P < .001). Palatal/labial ABA ratios decreased in MXCI (cervical, middle, total, P < .001; apical, P < .05) and MXLI (cervical, P < .001; apical, P < .05). They showed greater amounts and ratios of change in VBL on the palatal side compared to the labial side (all P < .001). The palatal side showed more PD in the cervical area than did the labial side (MXCI and MXLI, P < .001; MXC, P < .01). Significant root resorption occurred in MXAT (RL and RA, all P < .001).

Conclusions:

During EMR-MA in cases with CI-DAP, ABA and VBL on the palatal side and RL and RA of MXCI and MXLI were significantly decreased.
Correlation between body mass index and orthodontic treatment outcome
Authors: von Bremen J. , Wagner J. , Ruf S.
Published: October 2012

Objective:

To determine whether there is a correlation between body mass index (BMI), patient cooperation, and treatment success during multibracket (MB) appliance therapy.

Materials and Methods:

All adolescent MB patients started and finished between 2007 and 2010 were analyzed. The pretreatment BMI was calculated and negative file entries such as bad oral hygiene, missed appointments, and appliance breakage were recorded. According to the number of negative entries, cooperation was classified as good, bad, or poor. Additionally, the treatment duration and the number of appointments were recorded. For the evaluation of treatment success, the pretreatment and posttreatment PAR (peer assessment rating) scores were measured.

Results:

Of the 77 subjects, 61 had a normal BMI (79.2%) and 16 were considered overweight (20.8%). Whereas 51.7% of the normal-weight children had a good cooperation, only 25% of the overweight patients cooperated sufficiently. Consequently, the number of patients exhibiting bad or poor cooperation was higher in the overweight group (37.5% bad, 37.5% poor) than in the normal-weight group (30.6% bad, 17.7% poor). Patients with an increased BMI had a slightly longer treatment duration (21.4 months) and needed more appointments (19.9) than their normal-weight peers (18.9 months, 18.1 appointments). The PAR (peer assessment rating) score reduction, however, was comparable (normal BMI: 17.8 points, 64.0%; increased BMI: 15.2 points, 65.3%).

Conclusion:

In the present study, children with increased BMI did not cooperate as well during MB therapy as their normal-weight peers, but the treatment outcome was comparable in the two groups.
C-Reactive Protein Causes Insulin Resistance in Mice Through Fcγ Receptor IIB–Mediated Inhibition of Skeletal Muscle Glucose Delivery
Authors: Tanigaki Keiji , Vongpatanasin Wanpen , Barrera Jose A. , Atochin Dmitriy N. , Huang Paul L. , Bonvini Ezio , Shaul Philip W. , Mineo Chieko
Published: October 2012

Elevations in C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance. Whether CRP plays a causal role is unknown. Here we show that CRP transgenic mice and wild-type mice administered recombinant CRP are insulin resistant. Mice lacking the inhibitory Fcγ receptor IIB (FcγRIIB) are protected from CRP-induced insulin resistance, and immunohistochemistry reveals that FcγRIIB is expressed in skeletal muscle microvascular endothelium and is absent in skeletal muscle myocytes, adipocytes, and hepatocytes. The primary mechanism in glucose homeostasis disrupted by CRP is skeletal muscle glucose delivery, and CRP attenuates insulin-induced skeletal muscle blood flow. CRP does not impair skeletal muscle glucose delivery in FcγRIIB−/− mice or in endothelial nitric oxide synthase knock-in mice with phosphomimetic modification of Ser1176, which is normally phosphorylated by insulin signaling to stimulate nitric oxide–mediated skeletal muscle blood flow and glucose delivery and is dephosphorylated by CRP/FcγRIIB. Thus, CRP causes insulin resistance in mice through FcγRIIB-mediated inhibition of skeletal muscle glucose delivery.
Search for critical fluctuations of the proton density in central A+A collisions at maximum SPS energy
Authors: Antoniou Nikolaos , Davis Nikos , Diakonos Fotis
Published: October 2012

We performed an intermittency analysis of the proton density fluctuations in transverse momentum space for the collisions Si+A (A=Al,Si,P) and C+A (A=C,N) at maximum SPS energy $\sqrt {s_{NN} } $ ≈ 17 GeV). In our analysis we used exclusively proton tracks in the midrapidity region (|y
CM| ≤ 0.75). For the Si+A system we find signature of power-law distributed density fluctuations quantified by the intermittency index ϕ
2 which approaches in size the predictions of critical QCD [Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 032002 (2006)]. This result supports further the recent findings of power-law fluctuations in the density of (π
+, π
−) pairs with invariant mass close to their production threshold for the Si+Si at the same energy, reported in [Phys. Rev. C 81, 064907 (2010)].
VISHNU hybrid model for the viscous QCD matter at RHIC and LHC energies
Authors: Song Huichao
Published: October 2012

In this proceeding, we briefly describe the viscous hydrodynamics + hadron cascade hybrid model VISHNU for relativistic heavy ion collisions and report the current status on extracting the QGP viscosity from elliptic flow data.
Ferromagnetism in the two-dimensional Hubbard model with long-range hopping
Authors: Farkašovský Pavol , Čenčariková Hana
Published: October 2012

The combination of small-cluster exact-diagonalization calculations and the quantum Monte Carlo method is used to examine ferromagnetism in the two-dimensional Hubbard model with a generalized type of hopping. It is found that the long-range hopping with exponentially decaying hopping amplitudes t ij ∼ − q Ri−Rj stabilizes the ferromagnetic state for a wide range of electron interactions U and electron concentrations n > 1. The critical value of the hopping parameter q c above which the ferromagnetic state becomes stable is calculated numerically and the ground-state phase diagram of the model is discussed for physically the most interesting cases.
Microstructural and electrical properties of Y0.07Sr0.93-x
TiO3-δ
perovskite ceramics
Authors: Miruszewski Tadeusz , Bochentyn Beata , Karczewski Jakub , Gazda Maria , Kusz Bogusław
Published: October 2012

In order to find a relationship between electrical and microstructural properties, yttrium-doped strontium titanate (7 mol%) with various values of strontium nonstoichiometry was investigated and shown in this work. It has been observed that yttrium doping can affect the electrical properties of SrTiO3 to a great extent. Moreover, the microstructural and electrical properties can be influenced by strontium nonstoichiometry. The defect chemistry explaining obtained results was also suggested and discussed.
Induced anomalous current in relativistic hydrodynamics with chiral anomaly
Authors: Pu Shi , Gao Jian-hua
Published: October 2012

We discuss the triangle anomalous hydrodynamics in the presence of an external magnetic field B
µ. Without loss of generality, we consider the case of a conserved vector current and non-conserved axial current. In order to ensure the positivity of the entropy production rate, two new terms proportional to the magnetic field B
µ and the vorticity ω
µ, which are associated with the Chiral Magnetic Effect and Chiral Vortical Effect in heavy ion collisions, need to be introduced. The transport coefficients of these new terms are also determined by the entropy principle.
Polymer-glue as a life and kidney function saver: a life-threatening hemorrhage in the ruptured upper pole artery of the kidney managed by percutaneous embolization — a case report and literature review
Authors: Antoniewicz Artur , Wojtkowska Izabela , Dziekiewicz Mirosław , Kępka Cezary , Kremis Elżbieta , Zapała Łukasz , Skiba Ryszard , Stępińska Janina
Published: October 2012

In this paper we report the case of a nearly fatal hemorrhage in the artery of the renal upper pole that occurred in a 84-year-old woman on anticoagulation treatment in connection with aortic valve replacement 4 days prior to the incident. The artery was injured during the evacuation of a hematoma of the right pleural cavity. While the patient was in the intensive care unit recovering from cardiac valve surgery, the consulting urologist was summoned in order to cope with massive hematuria and acute urine retention. Unfortunately, conservative urological management based on catherization via a three-way catheter and constant transurethral lavage with saline was unsuccessful. Angio-computed tomography revealed a ruptured branch of the renal upper pole artery. A highly selective embolization using histoacryl injection during percutaneous angioplasty was performed. There were no complications in the following days. The patient was subject to postoperative follow-up at 3, 6 and 9 months and renal scintigraphy was performed at 6 months revealing symmetrical function of both kidneys without any changes in the upper pole of the right kidney.
Characterisation of VOC composition of Slovak monofloral honeys by GC×GC-TOF-MS
Authors: Špánik Ivan , Janáčová Antónia , Šusterová Zuzana , Jakubík Tibor , Jánošková Nikoleta , Novák Pavel , Chlebo Robert
Published: October 2012

Solid phase microextraction (SPME) followed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (GC×GC-TOF-MS) was used to characterise volatile organic compounds in honeys of different botanical origins. Rape, sunflower, acacia, lime, raspberry, and phacelia honeys from Slovakia were studied in detail. Up to 900 compounds were detected at the given S/N ratio of 200. The poorest VOC profiles were found for acacia and rape honeys while lime honey showed the richest VOC composition. Approximately 100 compounds were present in all honeys studied, independently of their botanical origin. They belong to various chemical classes (hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones, terpenes, benzene derivatives, and compounds containing heteroatoms). The compounds found in only one type of honey were also successfully identified.
Airlift reactor — membrane extraction hybrid system for aroma production
Authors: Mihaľ Mário , Gavin Sean , Markoš Jozef
Published: October 2012

In recent times, environmental production methods and organic products are increasingly sought after in food, perfume, and cosmetic industries, where the products are consumed or come into direct contact with humans. One such additive is 2-phenylethanol, an alcoholic aromatic rose like smell compound, mainly used as a flavor and aroma. 2-Phenylethanol can be produced by bioconversion from l-phenylalanine using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This type of biotransformation is strongly limited by product inhibition which allows reaching the maximum concentration of 2-phenylethanol, 4 g L−1, in an ordinary batch, fed-batch, or chemostat bioreactor. The main aim of the presented work was to study the possible yield increase of 2-phenylethanol in a hybrid system consisting of membrane extraction performed by a hollow fiber membrane module immersed in the downcomer of an airlift reactor. Such hybrid system can be used to remove 2-phenylethanol from the fermentation medium and thus to overcome the product inhibition of biotransformation. In this paper, the influence of biomass on membrane extraction of 2-phenylethanol from aqueous solution in an airlift reactor to alkanes at different operational conditions was studied. The measured extraction kinetics was compared with the predictions obtained by a mathematical model. Hydrodynamics of the hybrid system was also studied.
Investigation of CO2 and ethylethanolamine reaction kinetics in aqueous solutions using the stopped-flow technique
Authors: Kierzkowska-Pawlak Hanna , Siemieniec Marta , Chacuk Andrzej
Published: October 2012

Kinetics of the reaction of CO2 and ethylethanolamine (EMEA) in aqueous solutions has been studied using the stopped-flow technique with conductivity detection. Measurements were performed at 288 K, 293 K, 298 K, and 303 K. Amine concentration ranged from 10 mol m−3 to 37.5 mol m−3. The termolecular mechanism was applied to interpret the kinetic data. In this mechanism, carbamate formation occurs in a single-step reaction without the formation of a zwitterion intermediate. An original method of analyzing the experimental data was proposed allowing the derivation of pseudo second order rate constants from the measured kinetic traces. Based on these values, the third order rate constants $$\left( {k_{H_2 O} } \right)$$ of the reaction of CO2, water, and EMEA were derived and correlated by the Arrhenius equation.
Attrition of dolomitic lime in a fluidized-bed reactor at high temperatures
Authors: Hartman Miloslav , Svoboda Karel , Pohořelý Michael , Šyc Michal , Jeremiáš Michal
Published: October 2012

Results of an experimental study on the rate of attrition of lime catalyst/sorbent in a high-temperature, turbulent fluidized bed with quartz sand are presented. Batch measurements were conducted at 850°C in an electrically heated gasification reactor of the inner diameter of 5.1 cm with three samples of high-grade dolomitic lime of the particle size 450 μm, 715 μm, and 1060 μm, respectively. In addition to the influence of the particle size, the effect of operating (elapsed) time was investigated at different superficial gas velocities. Assuming that the attrition rate decreases exponentially with time, a simple mechanistic model, enabling the correlation of the measured experimental data, was developed. The course of the lime particles attrition is described as a function of the elapsed time, excess gas velocity, and particle size. The presented approach and the results might be applicable for the attrition of high-grade dolomitic lime, particularly in fluidized gasification of biomass.
Equilibrium and kinetics of protein binding on ion-exchange cellulose membranes with grafted polymer layer
Authors: Tatárová Ivana , Dreveňák Peter , Kosior Anna , Polakovič Milan
Published: October 2012

The performance of weak and strong anion- and cation-exchange membrane adsorbents with a grafted gel layer (Sartobind Q, D, S, and C) was investigated using six proteins: bovine serum albumin, human serum albumin, α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, lysozyme, and myoglobin. Static binding experiments were used to assess the effect of pH and buffer concentration and to determine the adsorption isotherms for selected membrane/protein combinations. The equilibrium data were duly described either by the Langmuir or Freundlich isotherms. Dynamic binding experiments were carried out for the same membrane/protein combinations in a broad range of linear flow velocity. Both the dynamic binding capacity at 10 % breakthrough and the final binding capacity at complete breakthrough were independent of the flow velocity despite strong dispersion of the adsorption zone. A good match between the equilibrium data from static and dynamic experiments was obtained for the anion exchangers. The correlation between the dynamic binding capacity and protein molecule size was observed for the strong cation exchanger. This was due to the different accessibility of the gel layer for the protein molecules.
Class 1 integron element in Thai Acinetobacter baumannii reveals a linkage to the European clone I
Authors: Thapa B , Tribuddharat C , Srifuengfung S , Dhiraputra C
Published: October 2012

BACKGROUND: Class 1 integron element is innate to most of the multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and its spread is common among international clones worldwide. The aim of this study was to document the presence of blaVEB-1 harboring class 1 integron element and its gene cassettes in Thai A. baumannii in relation to A. baumannii European clone I, AYE strain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty seven carbapenem resistant A. baumannii isolates identified in routine microbiology laboratory of Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok were studied. The dot blot hybridization was performed to detect class 1 integron element integrase gene. PCR was used to amplify blaVEB-1, arr2, cmlA, blaOXA-10 resistance cassettes, and variable region of class 1 integron element. blaVEB-1 gene was localized by southern blot hybridization. RESULTS: The prevalence of class 1 integron element was 86.48% in the isolates studied. The blaVEB-1 was present in 7 isolates however the location of blaVEB-1 gene was different in different isolate. Four isolates (Ab03-168, Ab04-28, Ab08-20, and Ab08-22) harbored calss 1 integron element variable region sized 5.5 kb as described in strain AYE. However, blaVEB-1 was only amplified from Ab03-168. The cassette organization in this isolate was 5’CS-aadB-blaVEB-1-arr2-cmlA-blaOXA- 10-aadA1-3’CS. The class 1 integron element similar to the element identified in genomic resistance island, AbaRI of European clone I, AYE was identified in Thai A. baumannii. CONCLUSIONS: blaVEB-1 harboring class 1 integron element with minor cassette variation was identified in Thai A. baumanni isolate which might suggest the spread of this resistant cassette or the spread of the European clone I in Thailand. Monitoring of the global spread of multi-resistant A. baumannii is mandatory to control the spread of resistant genes and this multi-resistant pathogen. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v1i1.6715Int J Infect Microbiol 2012;1(1):24-28
Evaluation of particle agglutination assay for the rapid diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis infection
Authors: Pant KP , Pun R , Khanal SR , Lekhak B , Shah Y , Shardulendra SP , Kshetri R , Pandey BD
Published: October 2012

INTRODUCTION: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a disease of rural agricultural areas in the Terai regions of Nepal. The aim of the study was to compare particle agglutination assay (PA) with IgM capture ELISA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The descriptive crosssectional study was conducted from August 2006 to September 2008. A total of 552 serum samples were collected from patients clinically diagnosed as acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) or viral fever in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) in Kathmandu, Lumbini Zonal Hospital (LZH) in Rupandehi and Bheri Zonal Hospital (BZH) in Banke districts. The samples were tested for Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) specific IgM by two serological methods, IgM capture ELISA and PA. RESULTS: Among 552 samples, 258 samples were positive by PA and 205 were positive by IgM capture ELISA. The overall seroprevalence was 46.7% and 37.1% by the PA and IgM ELISA respectively. Two hundred fifty eight samples (47.7%) were positive for anti-JE IgM by PA assay and 200 samples (77.5%) of the 258 PA IgM positive samples were also IgM positive for anti-JE IgM by IgM-capture ELISA. Thus, PA assay had a sensitivity of 97.5% and specificity of 83.3% in comparison with IgM-capture ELISA. A positive predictive value of 0.77 and negative predictive value of 0.98 was observed with PA in comparison with IgM-capture ELISA. CONCULSIONS: The result from PA was highly compatible with IgM capture ELISA. Both sensitivity and specificity of PA was acceptable in comparison with IgM-capture ELISA. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v1i1.6770Int J Infect Microbiol 2012;1(1):20-23