bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Latest Developments in LED Drivers
Authors: G. Lamar Diego
Published: April 2020

Although the phenomenon of electroluminescence was discovered by H [...]
Energy Consumption, Colour, Texture, Antioxidants, Odours, and Taste Qualities of Litchi Fruit Dried by Intermittent Ohmic Heating
Authors: Cao Xiaohuang , Islam Md. Nahidul , Xu Wanxiu , Chen Jianping , Chitrakar Bimal , Jia Xuejing , Liu Xiaofei , Zhong Saiyi
Published: April 2020

To reduce the cost of dried litchi fruit, the processing characteristics and physicochemical properties of litchi were investigated using drying by intermittent ohmic heating (IOH) (intermittent air drying (IAD)) generated by BaTiO3 resistance. Litchi fruit pulp were dried at 70 °C with an air velocity of 1.8 m/s; the drying intermittent profiles were as follows: (1) 20 min drying-on and 5 min drying-off; (2) 20 min drying-on and 10 min drying-off; and (3) 20 min drying-on and 15 min drying-off, which correspond to pulse ratios (PRs) of 1.2, 1.5, and 1.8, respectively. After drying, the water content, energy consumption, vitamin C content, total phenolic content, colour, taste, and odour qualities were assessed. The results suggested that IOH drying requires lower energy consumption and yields higher quality products. The energy consumption of intermittent air drying ranged from 341 kJ∙g−1 to 427 kJ∙g−1. The IAD of 1.2 and 1.5 PR reduced the browning of litchi fruits and gained better product quality. The major components of odour and tastes were explored in dried litchi. The rising PR of IAD enabled a lower retention of methane and sulphur-organic aroma and a higher assessing value of bitterness taste. This study revealed that BaTiO3 is suitable for IOH drying and it resulted in more merits of dried litchi fruit.
Exploring Meal and Snacking Behaviour of Older Adults in Australia and China
Authors: Mena Behannis , Ashman Hollis , Dunshea Frank R. , Hutchings Scott , Ha Minh , Warner Robyn D.
Published: April 2020

Sensory perception and food preferences change as we age. This paper encompassed two studies with the aim being to investigate meal and snacking behaviour of older adults towards food, especially meat products, and understand the desirable characteristics of those products. A qualitative multivariate analysis (QMA) focus group with Australian and Chinese older (60–81 years old) adults was conducted. A conjoint concept database was used to determine older consumers’ wants and needs for food in Australia and China. The QMA suggested that Australian consumers are not eating a proper breakfast or dinner but are ‘snacking’ throughout the day. In contrast, Chinese consumers are eating three regular meals through the day and occasionally snacks. For both groups, texture and flavour were key drivers for food choice. Difficulty in eating meat products was evident, e.g., beef jerky was found too dry and hard. Older consumers in China and Australia differed in responses to the four food categories investigated in terms of product traits and segmentation. Both the conjoint analysis and QMA showed that demographics have an impact on consumer preferences towards food. This research suggested that there is an opportunity to create ready-to-eat, nutrient dense products to enhance the wellness of older consumers.
Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Banana Cultivars Against Important Human Pathogens, Including Candida Biofilm
Authors: Jouneghani Ramin Saleh , Castro Ana Hortência Fonsêca , Panda Sujogya Kumar , Swennen Rony , Luyten Walter
Published: April 2020

Ten banana (Musa spp.) cultivars were studied for their antimicrobial properties. Three plant parts (corm, pseudostem and leaves) were collected separately and extracted with different solvents, viz., hexane, acetone, ethanol and water. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was evaluated using a broth microdilution assay. Eight human bacterial and one fungal pathogen were tested. Acetone and ethanol extract(s) often exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, while hexane extracts were less active. Aqueous extracts often showed microbial growth, possibly by endophytes. Leaf extracts were most active, followed by pseudostem, and corm was least active. All the tested banana cultivars were found to contain antimicrobials, as demonstrated by inhibition of selected human pathogens. However, cultivars such as Dole, Saba, Fougamou, Namwah Khom, Pelipita and Mbwazirume showed a broad-spectrum activity, inhibiting all tested pathogens. Other cultivars such as Petit Naine and Kluai Tiparot showed a narrow-spectrum activity, including antibiofilm activity against Candida albicans. Our results support the use of different parts of banana plants in traditional human medicine for infections, including diarrhea and dysentery, and some sexually transmitted diseases, as well as for packaging spoilable materials like food.
Drying Habanero Pepper (Capsicum chinense) by Modified Freeze Drying Process
Authors: González-Toxqui Cicerón , González-Ángeles Álvaro , López-Avitia Roberto , González-Balvaneda David
Published: April 2020

Freeze drying process was applied to habanero pepper and modified, in order to reduce energy expenditure on frozen and dehydration techniques. Six alkaline solutions, olive oil, avocado oil, coconut oil, grape oil, sesame oil and safflower oil, were used to reduce time on vacuum chamber. Also, frozen step was modified by using dry ice (CO2) obtaining 43% of energy saving. The final product had high quality, moisture within 3% to 7% range, low microorganisms number, without organoleptic attributes damage and having all the characteristics of a fresh product by rehydrating. Dried sample was rehydrated by immersion in water at 40 °C for 5 min, obtaining 75% of initial humidity.Markedchanges on rehydrated final product was not perceived. The most effective oil to reduce the moisture was safflower followed by coconut and sesame, whilst the least effective were olive, followed by avocado and grape oils.
Bioaccessibility of Antioxidants and Fatty Acids from Fucus Spiralis
Authors: Francisco João , Horta André , Pedrosa Rui , Afonso Cláudia , Cardoso Carlos , Bandarra Narcisa M. , Gil Maria M.
Published: April 2020

Fucus spiralis is an edible brown seaweed (SW) found in the Portuguese Coast. It has been reported to have high antioxidant activity, which may elicit a potential use for the food industry. However, little information is available on how the SW behaves during the digestive process and how the freeze-drying process might affect the bioaccessibility of the different compounds. Therefore, antioxidant activity, total polyphenols, lipid, and fatty acid contents were measured before and after in vitro simulation of the human digestive process, both in fresh and freeze-dry SW. F. spiralis had a lipid content of 3.49 ± 0.3% of dry weight (DW), which is a usual amount described for this SW genus. The total lipid bioaccessibility was 12.1 ± 0.1%. The major omega-3 fatty acid detected was eicosapentaenoic acid, 7.5 ± 0.1%, with a bioaccessibility percentage of 13.0 ± 1.0%. Four different methods—total phenolic content (TPC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH)—were used to assess the antioxidant activity of F. spiralis. The bioaccessibility of the antioxidants studied, ranged between 42.7% and 59.5%, except the bioaccessibility of polyphenols in freeze-dried SW (23.0% ± 1.0%), suggesting that the freeze-drying process reduces the bioaccessibility of these compounds.
Combined Effect of Chia Flour and Soy Lecithin Incorporation on Nutritional and Technological Quality of Fresh Bread and during Staling
Authors: Ahmed Imen Bel Hadj , Hannachi Ahmed , Haros Claudia Monika
Published: April 2020

The objectives of the present investigation are to study the interaction and optimize the blend composition of flour of grinded Chia seeds, combined to Soy lecithin, a bread making improver, in a way to enhance the nutritional/functional value of bread without impairing its technological quality and to delay its staling rate. Nine formulations were prepared following a Central Composite Design. Technological attributes were evaluated both for fresh and stored bread. In the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) a desirability function identified the optimum doses of chia and lecithin incorporation to obtain the highest specific volume and the lowest crumb firmness. Compared to the control, samples with chia and lecithin significantly increased the nutritional value of bread. An innovative and interesting synergy was found in lecithin/chia combination to enhance the specific volume, to reduce the initial crumb firmness and to delay bread staling by retarding crumb firmness and reducing its water loss during storage. Using the RSM, the optimum blend containing (4.04%-Chia/1%-Lecithin) showed fresh bread with maximum specific volume and minimum crumb firmness. Whereas, bread combining the optimum blend (3.43%-Chia/1%-Lecithin) and stored for two days at room temperature showed the minimum crumb firmness.
Assessing Safety and Suitability of Old Trails for Hiking Using Ground and Drone Surveys
Authors: Lee Shiou Yih , Du Chengju , Chen Zhihui , Wu Hao , Guan Kailang , Liu Yirong , Cui Yongjie , Li Wenyan , Fan Qiang , Liao Wenbo
Published: April 2020

Hiking is a popular recreational activity and to cater to public demand, it is apt to increase the number of hiking trails. Various methodologies have been proposed to evaluate the suitability of forest trails to be constructed as hiking trails, but they can be costly and require relevant knowledge in analyzing digital information through a high-throughput dataset. Therefore, there is a need to come up with a simple method to obtain first-hand information on the trail condition, particularly considering the aspects of safety and suitability to hikers, using both on-ground and aerial observations. In this study, we introduce a new assessment approach to analyze and select old forest trails to be reconstructed as new hiking trails. This is useful for park managers who prioritize safety, comfort, and aesthetic features of the recreation site for their visitors. Trail condition assessment was carried out along the trail whereby a 2×2 m sampling plot was constructed at every 100 m. Aerial drone survey was conducted to produce an ortho-mosaic that revealed the percentage of exposed trail from above. Potential phytotourism products and scenic spots were identified and recorded for their locations along the trail to promote the aesthetic value of the recreation site. A strength distribution plot was prepared based on the trail condition, canopy coverage, and aesthetic features along the trail that were categorized using three altitude ranges (n ≤ 150 m, 150 < n < 250 m, n ≥ 250 m a.s.l.). This is to assess the trade-offs in safety, comfort, and aesthetic features along the trail. The development of this methodology offers a direct and cost-effective, yet informative approach to evaluate the quality of a potential hiking trail, thus could effectively aid in the promotion of nature-based tourism.
Multi-System Factors Associated with Metatarsophalangeal Joint Deformity in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zellers Jennifer A. , Mueller Michael J. , Commean Paul K. , Chen Ling , Jeong Hyo-Jung , Hastings Mary K.
Published: April 2020

The underlying factors contributing to metatarsophalangeal joint deformity, a known precursor to skin breakdown in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM), is likely to involve multiple body systems. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify multi-system factors associated with metatarsophalangeal joint deformity in individuals with type 2 DM and peripheral neuropathy (n = 60). Metatarsophalangeal joint deformity was quantified with a computed tomography (CT) scan. System biomarkers included the musculoskeletal system (foot intrinsic muscle deterioration, tarsal/metatarsal bone mineral density, ankle dorsiflexion, metatarsophalangeal extension movement during a sit to stand task); the vascular system (ankle-brachial index); and the endocrine/immune systems (high sensitivity C-reactive protein, skin intrinsic fluorescence, and hemoglobin A1C). Muscle deterioration (r = 0.27), bone density (r = −0.35), metatarsophalangeal extension movement (r = 0.50), maximum dorsiflexion (r = −0.31), and ankle-brachial index (r = 0.33) were related to metatarsophalangeal joint deformity (p < 0.05). Bone mineral density and metatarsophalangeal extension movement were retained in a regression model relating to deformity (R2 = 0.34). All musculoskeletal system biomarkers and the ankle-brachial index demonstrated weak to moderate relationships to metatarsophalangeal joint deformity. Bone mineral density of the tarsal/metatarsal bones and extending the toes during a sit to stand task were the two strongest factors associated with metatarsophalangeal joint deformity. Evaluation and management of foot bone mineral density and toe extension movement pattern could reduce metatarsophalangeal joint deformity and the risk of skin breakdown and subsequent amputation.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Action on Spermatogenesis: A Focus on Physiological and Therapeutic Roles
Authors: Santi Daniele , Crépieux Pascale , Reiter Eric , Spaggiari Giorgia , Brigante Giulia , Casarini Livio , Rochira Vincenzo , Simoni Manuela
Published: April 2020

Background: Human reproduction is regulated by the combined action of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and the luteinizing hormone (LH) on the gonads. Although FSH is largely used in female reproduction, in particular in women attending assisted reproductive techniques to stimulate multi-follicular growth, its efficacy in men with idiopathic infertility is not clearly demonstrated. Indeed, whether FSH administration improves fertility in patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, the therapeutic benefit in men presenting alterations in sperm production despite normal FSH serum levels is still unclear. In the present review, we evaluate the potential pharmacological benefits of FSH administration in clinical practice. Methods: This is a narrative review, describing the FSH physiological role in spermatogenesis and its potential therapeutic action in men. Results: The FSH role on male fertility is reviewed starting from the physiological control of spermatogenesis, throughout its mechanism of action in Sertoli cells, the genetic regulation of its action on spermatogenesis, until the therapeutic options available to improve sperm production. Conclusion: FSH administration in infertile men has potential benefits, although its action should be considered by evaluating its synergic action with testosterone, and well-controlled, powerful trials are required. Prospective studies and new compounds could be developed in the near future.
Body Image in Patients with Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Hansen Laura Birke , von Kodolitsch Yskert , Schroeder Friedrich , Benninghoven Dieter
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to assess body image impairments of individuals with Marfan syndrome and to determine to what extent psychological, physical, and sociodemographic factors influence body image. We assessed the physical fitness and psychosocial health of 42 patients with Marfan syndrome at the beginning of an inpatient rehabilitation program. All participants filled out a body image questionnaire consisting of two scales: (1) Negative Body Evaluation and (2) Vital Body Dynamics. We compared body image data of the study sample with the German representative norming sample and carried out two separate regression analyses in order to determine which variables were associated with the two dimensions of patients’ body image. Body image of individuals with Marfan syndrome appeared to be significantly impaired, with high percentile ranks for Negative Body Evaluation (women = 88, men = 91) and low percentile ranks for Vital Body Dynamics (women = 11, men = 4). Vital Body Dynamics was predicted by age (p = 0.016) and by depression (p < 0.001), and Negative Body Evaluation was predicted by anxiety (p = 0.001). Body image in individuals with Marfan syndrome is not primarily determined by objective measures of fitness or by objective cardiac impairment but by psychological variables like depression and anxiety and by age. This finding can inform treatment and rehabilitation concepts. Accepting Marfan syndrome, including the acceptance of being visually different, may not only demand medical treatment and physical rehabilitation but also psychological treatment for depression and anxiety.
Direct Rapid Left Ventricular Wire Pacing during Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty
Authors: Kleczynski Pawel , Dziewierz Artur , Socha Sylwia , Rakowski Tomasz , Daniec Marzena , Zawislak Barbara , Arif Saleh , Wojtasik-Bakalarz Joanna , Dudek Dariusz , Rzeszutko Lukasz
Published: April 2020

Background: Rapid ventricular pacing is mandatory for optimal balloon positioning during aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) in patients with severe aortic stenosis. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of direct left ventricular (LV) guidewire pacing in comparison with regular pacing induced by temporary pacemaker (PM) placement in the right ventricle. Methods: Direct rapid LV pacing was provided with a 0.035″ guidewire. Baseline clinical characteristics, echocardiographic and procedural data, as well as complication rates, were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 202 patients undergoing BAV were enrolled (49.5% with direct LV guidewire pacing). The pacing success rate was 100%. In the direct LV guidewire pacing group, we found a lower radiation dose, shorter fluoroscopy and overall procedural time (0.16 vs. 0.28 Gy, p = 0.02; 5.4 vs. 10.3 min, p = 0.01; 17 vs. 25 min, p = 0.01; respectively). In addition, the complication rate was lower in that group (cardiac tamponades, vascular access site complications, blood transfusions rate, and in-hospital mortality: 0% vs. 3.9%; 4.0% vs. 15.7%; 2.0% vs. 12.7%; 2.0% vs. 9.8%, p = 0.01 for all, respectively). Conclusions: Direct rapid LV guidewire pacing is a simple, safe and effective option for BAV with a reduced complication rate compared to a temporary PM placed in the right ventricle.
Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology: A Meta-Analysis of Deep Learning Models for Retinal Vessels Segmentation
Authors: Islam Md. Mohaimenul , Poly Tahmina Nasrin , Walther Bruno Andreas , Yang Hsuan Chia , Li Yu-Chuan (Jack)
Published: April 2020

Background and Objective: Accurate retinal vessel segmentation is often considered to be a reliable biomarker of diagnosis and screening of various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetic, and ophthalmologic diseases. Recently, deep learning (DL) algorithms have demonstrated high performance in segmenting retinal images that may enable fast and lifesaving diagnoses. To our knowledge, there is no systematic review of the current work in this research area. Therefore, we performed a systematic review with a meta-analysis of relevant studies to quantify the performance of the DL algorithms in retinal vessel segmentation. Methods: A systematic search on EMBASE, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted for studies that were published between 1 January 2000 and 15 January 2020. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) procedure. The DL-based study design was mandatory for a study’s inclusion. Two authors independently screened all titles and abstracts against predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. We used the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool for assessing the risk of bias and applicability. Results: Thirty-one studies were included in the systematic review; however, only 23 studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. DL showed high performance for four publicly available databases, achieving an average area under the ROC of 0.96, 0.97, 0.96, and 0.94 on the DRIVE, STARE, CHASE_DB1, and HRF databases, respectively. The pooled sensitivity for the DRIVE, STARE, CHASE_DB1, and HRF databases was 0.77, 0.79, 0.78, and 0.81, respectively. Moreover, the pooled specificity of the DRIVE, STARE, CHASE_DB1, and HRF databases was 0.97, 0.97, 0.97, and 0.92, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of our study showed the DL algorithms had high sensitivity and specificity for segmenting the retinal vessels from digital fundus images. The future role of DL algorithms in retinal vessel segmentation is promising, especially for those countries with limited access to healthcare. More compressive studies and global efforts are mandatory for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of DL-based tools for retinal disease screening worldwide.
The Effects of Liquid Disinfection and Heat Sterilization Processes on Implant Drill Roughness: Energy Dispersion X-ray Microanalysis and Infrared Thermography
Authors: Scarano Antonio , Petrini Morena , Mastrangelo Filiberto , Noumbissi Sammy , Lorusso Felice
Published: April 2020

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate effects on stainless steel (SS) and zirconia implant drills of 50 cycles of sterilization through different processes. Methods: A total of 24 SS and 24 zirconia drills were treated with 3 different sterilization processes: 50 cycles of immersion in glutaraldehyde 2%, 50 cycles in 6% hydrogen peroxide and 50 cycles of heat. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to compare the effect of the different treatments compared to new untreated controls. Infrared thermography was used to measure the increase of temperature during drilling on bone ribs. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to measure the roughness of the samples. Results: Zirconia drills seem not to be affected by the different treatments; no significant differences were found with EDX nor through thermography controls. SS drills were affected by the different treatments, as confirmed by the increased roughness of the SS samples after all the cycles of sterilization/disinfection, measured at SEM. On the contrary, the zirconia drills roughness was not particularly affected by the chemical and thermal cycles. Significant differences were observed regarding the temperature, between steel and zirconia drills (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The disinfection agents had a weak impact on the temperature changes during implant bone preparation, while heat sterilization processes had no effect on either of the drills evaluated. The disinfection agents increased the roughness of the steel drills, while they had no effect on the zirconia drills.
Effect of Glucose Improvement on Nocturnal Sleep Breathing Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The Candy Dreams Study
Authors: Gutiérrez-Carrasquilla Liliana , López-Cano Carolina , Sánchez Enric , Barbé Ferran , Dalmases Mireia , Hernández Marta , Campos Angela , Gaeta Anna Michaela , Carmona Paola , Hernández Cristina , Simó Rafael , Lecube Albert
Published: April 2020

Type 2 diabetes exerts a negative impact on sleep breathing. It is unknown whether a long-term improvement in glycemic control ameliorates this effect. We conducted an interventional study with 35 patients with type 2 diabetes and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to explore this. At home, sleep breathing parameters were assessed at baseline and after a 4-month period in which antidiabetic therapy was intensified. Patients who decreased their body mass index ≥2kg/m2 were excluded. Those with an HbA1c reduction ≥0.5% were considered good responders (n = 24). After the follow-up, good responders exhibited an improvement in the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI: 26-1 (95% IC: 8.6–95.0) vs. 20.0 (4.0–62.4) events/hour, p = 0.002) and in time with oxygen saturation below 90% (CT90: 13.3 (0.4–69.0) vs. 8.1 (0.4–71.2) %, p = 0.002). No changes were observed in the group of non–responders (p = 0.722 and p = 0.138, respectively). The percentage of moderate and severe OSA decreased among good responders (p = 0.040). In the wider population, the change in HbA1c correlated positively to decreases in AHI (r = 0.358, p = 0.035) and negatively to increases in the minimum arterial oxygen saturation (r = −0.386, p = 0.039). Stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed that baseline AHI and the absolute change in HbA1c independently predicted decreased AHI (R2 = 0.496). The improvement of glycemic control exerts beneficial effects on sleep breathing parameters in type 2 diabetes, which cannot be attributed merely to weight loss.
Physical Activity for the Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain in Elderly Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Vadalà Gianluca , Russo Fabrizio , De Salvatore Sergio , Cortina Gabriele , Albo Erika , Papalia Rocco , Denaro Vincenzo
Published: April 2020

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) affects nearly 20–25% of the population older than 65 years, and it is currently the main cause of disability both in the developed and developing countries. It is crucial to reach an optimal management of this condition in older patients to improve their quality of life. This review evaluates the effectiveness of physical activity (PA) to improve disability and pain in older people with non-specific CLBP. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to improve the reporting of the review. Individual risk of bias of single studies was assessed using Rob 2 tool and ROBINS-I tool. The quality of evidence assessment was performed using GRADE analysis only in articles that presents full data. The articles were searched in different web portals (Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, EMBASE, and CENTRAL). All the articles reported respect the following inclusion criteria: patients > 65 years old who underwent physical activities for the treatment of CLBP. A total of 12 studies were included: 7 randomized controlled trials (RCT), 3 non-randomized controlled trials (NRCT), 1 pre and post intervention study (PPIS), and 1 case series (CS). The studies showed high heterogeneity in terms of study design, interventions, and outcome variables. In general, post-treatment data showed a trend in the improvement for disability and pain. However, considering the low quality of evidence of the studies, the high risk of bias, the languages limitations, the lack of significant results of some studies, and the lack of literature on this argument, further studies are necessary to improve the evidences on the topic.
Prediction of Resting Energy Expenditure in Children: May Artificial Neural Networks Improve Our Accuracy?
Authors: De Cosmi Valentina , Mazzocchi Alessandra , Milani Gregorio Paolo , Calderini Edoardo , Scaglioni Silvia , Bettocchi Silvia , D’Oria Veronica , Langer Thomas , Spolidoro Giulia C. I. , Leone Ludovica , Battezzati Alberto , Bertoli Simona , Leone Alessandro , De Amicis Ramona Silvana , Foppiani Andrea , Agostoni Carlo , Grossi Enzo
Published: April 2020

The inaccuracy of resting energy expenditure (REE) prediction formulae to calculate energy metabolism in children may lead to either under- or overestimated real caloric needs with clinical consequences. The aim of this paper was to apply artificial neural networks algorithms (ANNs) to REE prediction. We enrolled 561 healthy children (2–17 years). Nutritional status was classified according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, and 113 were obese. REE was measured using indirect calorimetry and estimated with WHO, Harris–Benedict, Schofield, and Oxford formulae. The ANNs considered specific anthropometric data to model REE. The mean absolute error (mean ± SD) of the prediction was 95.8 ± 80.8 and was strongly correlated with REE values (R2 = 0.88). The performance of ANNs was higher in the subgroup of obese children (101 ± 91.8) with a lower grade of imprecision (5.4%). ANNs as a novel approach may give valuable information regarding energy requirements and weight management in children.
Significant Factors in Cranial Remolding Orthotic Treatment of Asymmetrical Brachycephaly
Authors: Graham Tiffany , Millay Kelly , Wang Jijia , Adams-Huet Beverley , O’Briant Elizabeth , Oldham Madison , Smith Shacoya
Published: April 2020

This retrospective chart review focuses on determining the most effective time to begin cranial remolding orthosis (CRO) treatment for infants with asymmetrical brachycephaly. Subjects with asymmetrical brachycephaly started CRO treatment between 3 and 18 months of age. These infants had a cranial vault asymmetry index (CVAI) ≥ 3.5 and a cranial index (CI) ≥ 90. Subjects were excluded if they had any comorbidities affecting growth, dropped out of treatment, were lost to follow-up, or were noncompliant. Factors which were found to statistically influence treatment outcomes were subject initial age, initial CVAI, and initial CI. Overall, younger subjects were more likely to achieve a corrected head shape. The presence of prematurity or torticollis had statistically nonsignificant effects on the success of treatment. Initial CI was found to be a stronger predictor than initial CVAI as to which subjects achieved correction. The less severe the starting CI, the more likely the subject was to achieve full correction. The clinical understanding is that it requires more cranial growth to “round out” a full posterior skull flattening than an asymmetry. Based on the study results, infants with asymmetrical brachycephaly should be treated as early as possible to increase chances of achieving full correction of the deformity.
Sperm Parameters before and after Swim-Up of a Second Ejaculate after a Short Period of Abstinence
Authors: Manna Claudio , Barbagallo Federica , Manzo Raffaella , Rahman Ashraf , Francomano Davide , Calogero Aldo E.
Published: April 2020

Background: Recent studies have supported the beneficial effects of a short abstinence period on sperm parameters. The aim of this study was to assess sperm motility, morphology and DNA fragmentation before and after swim-up of a second ejaculate obtained after a short abstinence period in normozoospermic men and oligo-astheno-teratozoospermic (OAT) patients. Material and methods: Semen analyses and swim-up preparations of two consecutive semen samples (collected within 1 h) were carried out in 30 normozoospermic and 35 OAT patients enrolled in an assisted reproductive technique (ART) program. Results: Compared to the first ejaculate, the second sample showed a higher percentage of spermatozoa with normal form (p < 0.01) and lower percentage of spermatozoa with DNA fragmentation (p < 0.01) in normozoospermic men, whereas a higher percentage of spermatozoa with progressive motility (p < 0.001) and normal morphology (p < 0.0001) was found in OAT patients. Swim-up separation showed a lower DNA fragmentation rate (p < 0.05) in the second ejaculate in normozoospermic men, whereas the second ejaculate of OAT patents showed an increase in normally-shaped spermatozoa (p < 0.01) and lower percentage of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA (p < 0.001) compared to the first one. Conclusions: Swim-up separation of a second ejaculate collected within 1 h might be suggested for ART procedures, especially in OAT patients.
Screening for Liver Fibrosis and Steatosis in a Large Cohort of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Using Vibration Controlled Transient Elastography and Controlled Attenuation Parameter in a Single-Center Real-Life Experience
Authors: Sporea Ioan , Mare Ruxandra , Popescu Alina , Nistorescu Silviu , Baldea Victor , Sirli Roxana , Braha Adina , Sima Alexandra , Timar Romulus , Lupusoru Raluca
Published: April 2020

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension are considered risk factors for developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aims to assess steatosis and fibrosis severity in a cohort of T2DM patients, using vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Material and method: We performed a prospective study in which, in each patient, we aimed for 10 valid CAP and liver stiffness measurements (LSM). To discriminate between fibrosis stages, we used the following VCTE cut-offs: F ≥ 2–8.2 kPa, F ≥ 3–9.7 kPa, and F4 - 13.6 kPa. To discriminate between steatosis stages, we used the following CAP cut-offs: S1 (mild) – 274 dB/m, S2 (moderate) – 290dB/m, S3 (severe) – 302dB/m. Results: During the study period, we screened 776 patients; 60.3% had severe steatosis, while 19.4% had advanced fibrosis. Female gender, BMI, waist circumference, elevated levels of AST, total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose, and high LSM were associated with severe steatosis (all p-value < 0.05). BMI, waist circumference, elevated levels of AST, HbA1c, and CAP were associated with advanced fibrosis (all p-values < 0.05). Conclusion: Higher BMI (obesity) comprises a higher risk of developing severe steatosis and fibrosis. Individualized screening strategies should be established for NAFLD according to different BMI.
Immunization against ROS1 by DNA Electroporation Impairs K-Ras-Driven Lung Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Riccardo Federica , Barutello Giuseppina , Petito Angela , Tarone Lidia , Conti Laura , Arigoni Maddalena , Musiu Chiara , Izzo Stefania , Volante Marco , Longo Dario Livio , Merighi Irene Fiore , Papotti Mauro , Cavallo Federica , Quaglino Elena
Published: April 2020

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Despite the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapeutic approaches, there is still an urgent need for novel strategies to improve patient survival. ROS1, a tyrosine kinase receptor endowed with oncoantigen features, is activated by chromosomal rearrangement or overexpression in NSCLC and in several tumor histotypes. In this work, we have exploited transgenic mice harboring the activated K-Ras oncogene (K-RasG12D) that spontaneously develop metastatic NSCLC as a preclinical model to test the efficacy of ROS1 immune targeting. Indeed, qPCR and immunohistochemical analyses revealed ROS1 overexpression in the autochthonous primary tumors and extrathoracic metastases developed by K-RasG12D mice and in a derived transplantable cell line. As proof of concept, we have evaluated the effects of the intramuscular electroporation (electrovaccination) of plasmids coding for mouse- and human-ROS1 on the progression of these NSCLC models. A significant increase in survival was observed in ROS1-electrovaccinated mice challenged with the transplantable cell line. It is worth noting that tumors were completely rejected, and immune memory was achieved, albeit only in a few mice. Most importantly, ROS1 electrovaccination was also found to be effective in slowing the development of autochthonous NSCLC in K-RasG12D mice.
Moral and Political Ideology in Georgi Markov’s Sharp Criticism of Bulgarian Totalitarianism
Authors: Dell’ Agata Giuseppe
Published: April 2020

The task of this text by the is to outline the main political and ethical ideas that Georgi Markov (Bulgarian writer and dissident, murdered in exile by the Secret Services) maintains in his constant and often radical criticism towards Bulgaria regime during the years. Italian professor Giuseppe Dell’ Agata’s main point is related to Markov’s unshattered conviction that the Bulgarian regime created by the Communist Party had nothing to do with the communism or the socialism but was simply an example of state capitalism.
Impact of emergency hospital admissions on patterns of primary care prescribing: a retrospective cohort analysis of electronic records in England
Authors: Denholm Rachel , Morris Richard , Purdy Sarah , Payne Rupert
Published: April 2020

Background

Little is known about the impact of hospitalisation on prescribing in UK clinical practice.

Aim

To investigate whether an emergency hospital admission drives increases in polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs).

Design and setting

A retrospective cohort analysis set in primary and secondary care in England.

Method

Changes in number of prescriptions and PIPs following an emergency hospital admission in 2014 (at admission and 4 weeks post-discharge), and 6 months post-discharge were calculated among 37 761 adult patients. Regression models were used to investigate changes in prescribing following an admission.

Results

Emergency attendees surviving 6 months (N= 32 657) had a mean of 4.4 (standard deviation [SD] = 4.6) prescriptions before admission, and a mean of 4.7 (SD = 4.7;P<0.001) 4 weeks after discharge. Small increases (<0.5) in the number of prescriptions at 4 weeks were observed across most hospital specialties, except for surgery (−0.02; SD = 0.65) and cardiology (2.1; SD = 2.6). The amount of PIPs increased after hospitalisation; 4.0% of patients had ≥1 PIP immediately before pre-admission, increasing to 8.0% 4 weeks post-discharge. Across hospital specialties, increases in the proportion of patients with a PIP ranged from 2.1% in obstetrics and gynaecology to 8.0% in cardiology. Patients were, on average, prescribed fewer medicines at 6 months compared with 4 weeks post-discharge (mean = 4.1; SD = 4.6;P<0.001). PIPs decreased to 5.4% (n= 1751) of patients.

Conclusion

Perceptions that hospitalisation is a consistent factor driving rises in polypharmacy are unfounded. Increases in prescribing post-hospitalisation reflect appropriate clinical response to acute illness, whereas decreases are more likely in patients who are multimorbid, reflecting a focus on deprescribing and medicines optimisation in these individuals. Increases in PIPs remain a concern.
A Comparison Between Virtual Patient and Peer‑Assisted
Learning in Teaching Basic Medical Knowledge and Skills
Authors: Seifert Lukas , Manap Arda , Sterz Jasmina , Gerlach Ferdinand , Sader Robert
Published: April 2020

The Studentische Poliklinik is Germany’s first student‑run
free clinic. Prior to fulfilling clinical obligations there,
students must complete an extensive peer‑assisted learning program
(PAL). Due to capacity constraints, a web‑based learning program
involving virtual patients has been launched. The aim of this study
was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of Virtual Patient
Learning (VPL) vs. PAL in the acquisition of basic medical knowledge
and skills. Forty undergraduate medical students (m=9; f=31) in
their third year were randomly assigned to either the PAL (n=20), or
VPL (n=20). Short‑term (after each seminar) and long‑term learning
retention (after completion of the electives) was measured using a
validated theoretical test. Objective structured clinical
examinations (OSCE) were used to assess practical knowledge.
Additionally, the course itself was evaluated. Differences in
theoretical knowledge between students in the PAL and VPL existed
over the short term (VPL median = 100%; PAL median = 80; p = 0.006),
but not over the long term (VPL = 94.17; PAL = 95.62 %; p = 0.617).
An assessment of practical skills showed no differences in OSCE
scores between the two different groups (VPL = 79.30 %; PAL = 80.26
%; p = 0.141). Students assessed their learning experience and the
comprehensibility of seminars as either “very good” or “good”. Basic
medical knowledge and skills can be taught as effectively using VPL
as PAL. Given the cost‑effectiveness, high reproducibility and
freedom of time and place, VPL should be performed more often when
teaching family medicine in student‑run free clinics. Ultimately,
this may result in enhanced treatment quality and patient
satisfaction.
Seismic stratigraphy and sedimentary architecture of the Chalk Group in south-west Denmark
Authors: Larsen Connie , Ineson Jon , Boldreel Lars Ole
Published: April 2020

The Chalk Group is ubiquitous in the subsurface of the Danish Basin and its upper levels are exposed locally onshore, most notably in eastern Denmark. Although many subsurface studies have been made of the group in the Danish Basin, most of these have been in the eastern part of Denmark (e.g. Esmerode et al. 2007; Surlyk & Lykke-Andersen 2007) whereas the stratigraphy and character of the Chalk Group in the western onshore region is less well-known. The work described here was undertaken as a BSc project at the Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Mangement at the University of Copenhagen by the first author as part of regional seismic mapping work contributing to an evaluation of the geothermal energy potential in Denmark. The aim of this paper is to present a summary of the key results of the study. We have subdivided and mapped the distribution of the Chalk Group in the northern North German Basin and the south-western Danish Basin based on digital reflection seismic profiles. We also highlight seismic architectural features that testify to periods of active bottom currents.
Medallions of Huviška as pictorial evidence of pre-Islamic lamellar helmets
Authors: Kubik Adam Lech
Published: April 2020

In the current paper the author discusses headgear represented on Kušān medallions showing the bust of King Huviška. Most likely those medallions are depicting pre-Islamic lamellar helmets, well known from for example on the Sasanian, Bīsetūn capital currently held in Ṭāq-e Bostān Museum, Iran. The author will try to compare the presented lamellar constructions with known finds of such helmets of the pre-Islamic era.
Rozwój potencjału kadry pedagogicznej. Reminiscencje dyrektora placówki wychowawczej
Authors: Dobijański Mariusz
Published: April 2020

Rozwój organizacyjny to od pewnego czasu pojęcie kluczowe dla osób, którym powierzono funkcję kierowniczą, a których istota działalności opiera się na kierowaniu aktywnością osób związanych z organizacją. Dynamika zmian zachodzących w otoczeniu organizacji wymaga jej ciągłego dostosowywania się do warunków i wymagań będących skutkiem tychże zmian. Rozwój potencjału osób tworzących organizację jest efektem właściwej organizacji pracy i motywacji (wewnętrznej i zewnętrznej) każdej z osób z nią związanych. Nie da się więc przecenić roli jaką w organizacji pełni osoba nią zarządzająca, odpowiedzialna za rozwój zasobów firmy. Od osób tych coraz częściej wymaga się nie tyle kierowania, co przewodzenia zespołowi pracowników. To od ich zaangażowania i stopnia utożsamiania się z celami i zadaniami organizacji, w której pracują zależy możliwość osiągania przez nią statusu organizacji uczącej się. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi refleksje dyrektora młodzieżowego ośrodka wychowawczego związane z działaniami mającymi na celu doskonalenie i rozwój placówki w wymiarze indywidualnym (osobowym), jak i organizacyjnym (procesowym).
Znaczenie diagnozy pedagogicznej dla praktyków
Authors: Marciniak-Paprocka Katarzyna
Published: April 2020

Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia raport z badań pilotażowych na temat opinii nauczycieli o konieczności, skuteczności i trafności stawianych diagnoz, a także ocenę własną nauczycieli co do ich przygotowania w zakresie diagnozowania oraz umiejętności analizowania i wykorzystywania danych wynikających z otrzymanej diagnozy. Z dokonanej analizy danych empirycznych wynika, że w procesie kształcenia nauczycielskiego na studiach wyższych powinno kłaść się większy nacisk na kształtowanie i doskonalenie umiejętności diagnostycznych. Zauważa się wobec tego konieczność podnoszenia świadomości studentów pedagogiki w zakresie istotności diagnozy oraz wyposażenia ich w wiedzę, umiejętności i kompetencje do stosowania konkretnych narzędzi diagnostycznych, pomocnych w codziennej pracy zawodowej.
Differences in achievements in learning English as a foreign language between the deaf/hard of hearing and hearing high school students in Serbia
Authors: Urdarević Iva
Published: April 2020

This papers presents the results of research that was aimed at testing the performance of deaf and hard of hearing (D/HOH) high school students in learning English as a foreign language (EFL). The research examined the correlation between the age (number of years of learning EFL), the degree of hearing loss, the sex and the school success in the Serbian language with the achievements of the D/HOH students in solving an English Placement test. The differences in achievements between D/HOH students and those with a normal hearing status were also compared and analyzed. The results of the research indicate that although the D/HOH students achieve poorer results in learning English compared to students with a normal hearing status, they can be successful in learning English as a foreign language. The D/HOH students have some difficulties in learning English vocabulary and grammar. They need more time to successfully master a foreign language, so it is necessary to take into account the specificities of this category of EFL students and to adapt teaching methods and resources to suit their needs.
Технологии развития креативного мышления младших школьников с нарушениями зрения
Authors: Kislaya Oksana
Published: April 2020

В статье утверждается, что создание условий для формирования образованного, творческого индивида, развития его / ее духовно-эмоциональных и психических способностей, в том числе творческого мышления, является одной из стратегических задач всей системы образования в Украине. В статье рассматриваются проблемы творческого развития детей с нарушениями зрения в процессе современного образовательного процесса, развития творческого мышления у таких детей как мощный потенциал их дальнейшей эффективной социализации. Способы формирования творческой личности, в целом и креативного мышления, в частности, подразумевают внедрение в процесс обучения детей с особыми образовательными потребностями новейших технологий (метод синектики, метод «брейнсторминга» (мозговой штурм), способы решения изобретательских задач, интеллектуальный тренинг, морфологический анализ, гирлянда ассоциаций). Выявлены эффективные условия развития творческого мышления младших школьников. Важная роль принадлежит учителю, который должен быть примером для подражания, а также условиям семейного воспитания.
Metody aktywizujące w klasie integracyjnej
Authors: Lipowska-Kuźba Agnieszka , Dłutowska-Osik Hanna
Published: April 2020

Metody aktywizujące stosowane w pracy nauczyciela bardzo pomagają w inkluzji społecznej dzieci (włączeniu dzieci z niepełnosprawnością do klasy). Na podstawie własnych doświadczeń i badań widać, jak dzieci (mając przystosowane metody) w naturalny sposób integrują się ze sobą. Dlatego tak ważne jest tworzenie klas integracyjnych w szkołach ogólnodostępnych, gdzie dzieci pełnosprawne dostrzegają, że są obok nich rówieśnicy bardziej niż one potrzebujący wsparcia. W ten też sposób dzieci uczą się empatii, zrozumienia. Uczą się tego też dorośli. Z kolei praca nauczyciela jest bardziej efektywna, gdy korzysta z metod twórczego myślenia. Celem niniejszej pracy była próba ustalenia zasadności tworzenia klas integracyjnych w szkołach ogólnodostępnych i pracy metodami aktywizującymi w opinii nauczycieli i rodziców jednej ze szkół w powiecie grodziskim.
Student Registration System using Java Server Faces
Authors: Daram Prashanth Kumar , Gopu Jeevan Reddy , Fiaidhi Jinan
Published: April 2020

Java Server Faces is a framework to build a web application
in java. We using Java Server Faces framework to build Student Registration System. We using MVC architecture in our model. In this paper, we given detail explanation about all the components which are helpful to build the application.
Analisa Performance Ammonia Converter Pabrik Pupuk Sebelum dan Sesudah Turn Around (TA)
Authors: Bahrin David , Sakinah Indira Nur , Kendari Putri Farra Unzilah
Published: April 2020

Ammonia converter merupakan salah satu alat penting dalam produksi amoniak khususnya di Unit Amoniak Pabrik Pupuk. Performance reaktor ammonia converter mempengaruhi produktivitas dan efisiensi di pabrik amoniak dilihat dari peningkatan produksi NH3 yang di dapat dari hasil keluaran ammonia converter. Analisa performance dilakukan menggunakan simulasi aspen hysys 3.2. dengan prinsip perhitungan secara kesetimbangan dan kinetika. Hasil analisa pun akan dibandingkan sebelum dan sesudah Turn Around (TA). Berdasarkan teknik proses pada pabrik pupuk, hasil konversi dihitung menggunakan Microsoft Excel karena tidak terdapat data aktual untuk flowrate. Didapatkan hasil konversi sebelum TA yaitu konversi N2 sebesar 25,7088% dan konversi H2 sebesar 25,8984%. Hasil konversi untuk data setelah turn around yaitu konversi N2 sebesar 25,6191% dan konversi H2 sebesar 26,0366%. Penggantian katalis dan pengecekan operasi alat pada saat TA yang membuat kondisi operasi ammonia converter lebih membaik dibandingkan sebelum TA. Beberapa faktor lainnya yang mempengaruhi yaitu temperatur inlet, tekanan inlet, dan rasio H2/N22.