bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Noise in a Metabolic Pathway Leads to Persister Formation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Quigley Jeffrey , Lewis Kim
Published: October 2022

M. tuberculosis
infection requires the administration of multiple antibiotics for a prolonged period of time. Treatment difficulty is generally attributed to
M. tuberculosis
entrance into a nonreplicative, antibiotic-tolerant state.
M. tuberculosis
enters this nonreplicative state in response to immune stress.
TLR9 Negatively Regulates Intracellular Bacterial Killing by Pyroptosis in Burkholderia pseudomallei
-
Infected Mouse Macrophage Cell Line (Raw264.7)
Authors: Pudla Matsayapan , Sanongkiet Sucharat , Ekchariyawat Peeraya , Luangjindarat Chularat , Ponpuak Marisa , Utaisincharoen Pongsak
Published: October 2022

Surface TLRs have been well established to play an essential role in
Burkholderia pseudomallei
infection. However, the role of endosomal TLRs has not been elucidated.
Bicaval dual lumen cannula placement using transthoracic echocardiography in COVID-19 scenario: pearls and pitfalls
Authors: Le Ngoc Minh , Dang Uyen The , Vu Ha Viet , Nguyen Hieu Lan
Published: October 2022

A woman in her 50s who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 developed deep vein thrombosis in the left femoral vein extending into inferior vena cava (IVC). An IVC filter was placed to prevent fatal pulmonary embolism. Her respiratory failure subsequently deteriorated despite optimal mechanical ventilation and required venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) as a rescue therapy. Femoro-jugular VV-ECMO configuration was not suitable due to the IVC filter, hence a single-site venous cannulation using bicaval dual lumen (AvalonElite) cannula was selected. Placement of the Avalon cannula conventionally requires guidance by fluoroscopy or transoesophageal echocardiography, which were not feasible in COVID-19 patients. Hence, transthoracic echocardiography guidance was chosen. Guidewire looping into the right ventricle might lead to cannula malposition and imminent right ventricular rupture, but these could be detected by ‘bending’ sign. Transthoracic echocardiography could be a feasible guidance method for Avalon cannulation, nonetheless a thorough protocol should be followed to avoid cannula malposition during the procedure.
How to improve discussions about osteoarthritis in primary care
Authors: Saul Helen , Gursul Deniz , Deeney Brendan , Vennik Jane
Published: October 2022

The study

Vennik J, Hughes S, Smith KA, et al. Patient and practitioner priorities and concerns about primary healthcare interactions for osteoarthritis: a meta-ethnography.
Patient Educ Couns
2022;105:1865-77.

To read the full NIHR Alert, go to:
https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/discussions-about-osteoarthritis-in-primary-care/
Using continuous surveys to evaluate precision and bias of inferences from design-based reach-scale sampling of stream habitat
Authors: Clark Christopher , Al-Chokhachy Robert , Ross Kai
Published: October 2022

Accurately estimating stream channel characteristics is essential for managing and restoring populations and aquatic ecosystems. Reach-based sampling designs have been used extensively to collect fisheries related data; however, few studies have examined accuracy and precision of scaling up reach-based sampling designs to stream habitat assessments. Here, we used continuous habitat surveys across multiple reaches to census stream attributes in tributaries in the upper Lewis River, Washington and better understand the potential bias and precision of reach-based designs. We used these continuous data to create simulated outcomes from three different random sampling designs. We found precision of estimates of stream-level habitat attributes (large woody debris, residual pool depth, and grain size) increased with the number of reaches sampled (i.e., sampling intensity); however, effort needed to achieve reasonable precision (coefficient of variation = 0.20) varied across streams, attributes, and designs. Bias (i.e., estimate—the truth) was relatively low, but also varied across streams and attributes. Our findings illustrate the challenges of using reach-based designs for stream-level habitat assessments and the need for novel approaches for broader data collection.
Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) movements and habitat use predict human-caused mortality across temporal scales
Authors: Parsons Bethany , Wilson Abbey E. , Graham Karen , Stenhouse Gordon B.
Published: October 2022

While the location of wildlife mortalities provides some insight on the cause of death, identifying the risk factors associated with mortality events and in which cases these factors result in death requires information on individual behaviour prior to death. With access to a long-term database of grizzly bear ( Ursus arctos L., 1758) GPS locations, we investigated how behaviour differed between individuals that died of anthropogenic causes and those that survived across different temporal scales. We analyzed movement (diurnality and daily displacement) and habitat use (modelled risk and habitat quality) of grizzly bears residing in Alberta, Canada, from 2005 to 2021 to determine whether grizzly bears that died and grizzly bears that survived differed in these behaviours 2–4 years, 1 year, and 1 week prior to death, and whether patterns changed over time. We found that diurnality increased in the last year of life, while displacement increased in the last week of life, with differences becoming greater nearer the day of death. Grizzly bears that died used high-risk and low-quality habitat at all time scales, and these behaviours increased as death approached. Our analysis suggests that grizzly bear mortalities do not occur randomly but happen at times when individuals exhibit high-risk behaviours. This information can be used to make management decisions related to habitat management, road use, and human access.
Ranking Models for the Temporal Dimension of Text
Authors: Rizzo Stefano Giovanni , Brucato Matteo , Montesi Danilo
Published: October 2022

Temporal features of text have been shown to improve clustering and organization of documents, text classification, visualization, and ranking. Temporal ranking models consider the temporal expressions found in text (e.g., “in 2021” or “last year”) as time units, rather than as keywords, to define a temporal relevance and improve ranking. This article introduces a new class of ranking models called Temporal Metric Space Models (TMSM), based on a new domain for representing temporal information found in documents and queries, where each temporal expression is represented as a
time interval
. Furthermore, we introduce a new frequency-based baseline called Temporal BM25 (TBM25). We evaluate the effectiveness of each proposed metric against a purely textual baseline, as well as several variations of the metrics themselves, where we change the aggregate function, the time granularity and the combination weight. Our extensive experiments on five test collections show statistically significant improvements of TMSM and TBM25 over state-of-the-art temporal ranking models. Combining the temporal similarity scores with the text similarity scores always improves the results, when the combination weight is between 2% and 6% for the temporal scores. This is true also for test collections where only 5% of queries contain explicit temporal expressions.
A Family of Relaxed Concurrent Queues for Low-Latency Operations and Item Transfers
Authors: Kappes Giorgos , Anastasiadis Stergios V.
Published: October 2022

The producer-consumer communication over shared memory is a critical function of current scalable systems. Queues that provide low latency and high throughput on highly utilized systems can improve the overall performance perceived by the end users. In order to address this demand, we set as priority to achieve both high operation performance and item transfer speed. The Relaxed Concurrent Queues (RCQs) are a family of queues that we have designed and implemented for that purpose. Our key idea is a relaxed ordering model that splits the enqueue and dequeue operations into a stage of sequential assignment to a queue slot and a stage of concurrent execution across the slots. At each slot, we apply no order restrictions among the operations of the same type. We define several variants of the RCQ algorithms with respect to offered concurrency, required hardware instructions, supported operations, occupied memory space, and precondition handling. For specific RCQ algorithms, we provide pseudo-code definitions and reason about their correctness and progress properties. Additionally, we theoretically estimate and experimentally validate the worst-case distance between an RCQ algorithm and a strict first-in-first-out (FIFO) queue. We developed prototype implementations of the RCQ algorithms and experimentally compare them with several representative strict FIFO and relaxed data structures over a range of workload and system settings. The RCQS algorithm is a provably linearizable lock-free member of the RCQ family. We experimentally show that RCQS achieves factors to orders of magnitude advantage over the state-of-the-art strict or relaxed queue algorithms across several latency and throughput statistics of the queue operations and item transfers.
Anchor
: Fast and Precise Value-flow Analysis for Containers via Memory Orientation
Authors: Wang Chengpeng , Wang Wenyang , Yao Peisen , Shi Qingkai , Zhou Jinguo , Xiao Xiao , Zhang Charles
Published: October 2022

Containers are ubiquitous data structures that support a variety of manipulations on the elements, inducing the indirect value flows in the program. Tracking value flows through containers is stunningly difficult, because it depends on container memory layouts, which are expensive to be discovered.

This work presents a fast and precise value-flow analysis framework called
Anchor
for the programs using containers. We introduce the notion of anchored containers and propose the memory orientation analysis to construct a precise value-flow graph. Specifically, we establish a combined domain to identify anchored containers and apply strong updates to container memory layouts.
Anchor
finally conducts a demand-driven reachability analysis in the value-flow graph for a client. Experiments show that it removes 17.1% spurious statements from thin slices and discovers 20 null pointer exceptions with 9.1% as its false-positive ratio, while the smashing-based analysis reports 66.7% false positives.
Anchor
scales to millions of lines of code and checks the program with around 5.12 MLoC within 5 hours.
The Electrochemical Behavior of Neodymium(III) in FLiNaK Molten Salt on Pt Cathode
Authors: Jiang Feng , Ji Nan , Huang Wei , Fu Haiying
Published: October 2022

The extraction of rare earth element neodymium (Nd) from LiF-NaF-KF (FLiNaK) molten salt by electrochemical reduction was introduced in this paper. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) results showed that Nd(III) can be reduced to Nd(0) by a one-step three electrons process: Nd(III) + 3e− → Nd(0), and the diffusion coefficient (D), the transfer coefficient (α) and the rate constant of standard reaction (k
0) of Nd (III) in FLiNaK melt at 823 K were calculated by CV and sem-integral analysis of the CV curves. The deposits of Nd on Pt cathode were confirmed by the potentiostatic electrolysis and characterized by SEM, EDS and XRD. The electrolytic products were composed mainly of Nd metal and two intermetallic compounds NdPt2 and NdPt. All of these results demonstrated the feasibility of electrolytic separation of Nd(III) on Pt cathode in FLiNaK molten salt.
Investigating the Effects of Operation Variables on All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries Through an Advanced Unit-Cell Model
Authors: Muñoz-Perales Vanesa , Berling Sabrina , García-Quismondo Enrique , García-Salaberri Pablo A. , Palma Jesús , Vera Marcos , Ibáñez Santiago E.
Published: October 2022

Next-generation redox flow batteries will benefit from the progress of macroscopic continuum models that enable the optimization of new architectures without the need of expensive fabrication and experimentation. Despite previous attempts, there is still need for robust and thoroughly validated models. Here, a steady-state two-dimensional unit-cell model of an all-vanadium redox flow battery is presented. The model integrates state-of-the-art descriptions of the fundamental physical phenomena, along with new features such as local mass transfer coefficients for each active species, precise sulfuric acid dissociation kinetics, and experimental data of the electrochemical parameters and electrolyte properties. The model is validated at different states of charge and flow rates using polarization, conductivity and open circuit voltage measurements. Then, the contribution of operating conditions on battery performance is studied by analyzing its separate effect on the various phenomena that affect cell performance, such as local pore mass transfer limitations, parasitic hydrogen evolution reactions, crossover and self-discharge fluxes. The resulting model is a reliable tool that can be used to assess the relevance of these coupled phenomena that take place simultaneously within the reaction cell. This important information is critical to optimize cell components, reactor design and to select optimal operating conditions.
Effect of Temperature on Crystal Structure of W Films Electrodeposited from Molten CsF–CsCl–WO3
Authors: Norikawa Yutaro , Meng Xianduo , Yasuda Kouji , Nohira Toshiyuki
Published: October 2022

The electrodeposition of W was studied in detail using CsF–CsCl–WO3. Prior to electrodeposition, the WO3 solubility was confirmed to be 1.0 mol% at 773 K and increase with temperature. To investigate the effect of temperature on the crystal structure, electrodeposition was conducted at 6–25 mA cm−2 between 773 and 923 K with a unified charge density of 90 C cm−2. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the crystal structures of the electrodeposited W films were β-W at 773 and 823 K, a mixed phase (α-W and β-W) at 873 K, and α-W at 923 K. The shape of the crystal grains varied with temperature: grains of β-W obtained at 773 and 823 K were spherical, while those of α-W obtained at 923 K were angular. Scanning electron microscopy observations showed that W films with smoother surfaces were obtained at lower current densities at all temperatures. In particular, a dense and smooth W film (surface roughness: 0.66 μm, thickness: 10 μm) was obtained at 6 mA cm−2 and 773 K. When the charge density was increased to 210 C cm−2 at 6 mA cm−2 and 773 K, a W film with a smooth surface and thickness of 30 μm was obtained.
Eu@C88 Isomers: Calculated Relative Populations
Authors: Uhlík Filip , Slanina Zdeněk , Bao Lipiao , Akasaka Takeshi , Lu Xing , Adamowicz Ludwik
Published: October 2022

Relative populations of three energy-lowest IPR (isolated-pentagon-rule) isomers of Eu@C88 are computed using the Gibbs energy based on characteristics from density functional theory and MP2 calculations (M06-2X/3-21G∼SDD entropy term, and the MP2=FU/6-31G*∼SDD or B2PLYPD=FU/6-31 + G*∼SDD energetics). The calculations predict coexistence of three isomers, in agreement with extraction using a polar solvent, and offer a possible explanation why the Eu@C
2(27)-C88 species should prevail with a non-polar solvent. Role of extraction solvents and catalysis is thus pointed out.
Evaluation of Zirconia Ceramic Processed by Digital Light 3D Printing Applicated as Solid-Electrolyte Sensor
Authors: Luo Jiaqi , Huang Weijiu , Liu Bitao , Liu Bing
Published: October 2022

Zirconia slurry aimed to apply in digital light process (DLP) printing technology were made of the 3 mol% yttrium oxide (Y2O3) stabilized micro-nano zirconium dioxide (3YSZ) powders. An overall mechanical strength can be obtained via a precise control of two-step sintering process. The results show that Y2O3 in 3YSZ would diffuses into the ceramic lattice, further stabilizing the metastable tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO2) toughening phase in sub-micro sized grains with nearly 100% crystal phase transition ratio. The Vickers hardness of sintered ceramic parts reaches 12.94 ± 0.186 GPa. The fracture toughness (KIC) of sintered ceramics is 5.63 ± 0.015 MPa·m1/2. The propagation law of Vickers crack reveals the mechanism of strengthening and toughening of fine grains on matrix fracture toughness. Due to the uniform crystals also can make the corrosion better to construct a three-phase boundary sensitive process, the response of the T-ZrO2-SnO2 to 30 ppm NH3 is 15.7 mV which is 2 times more than the commercial ZrO2. A relative short response and recovery times of 6 s and 33 s can achieve with a good reproducibility of continuous response and recovery transients.
Bimetallic Gold-Palladium Nanoparticles: Applications in Methanol and Ethanol Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Parkash Anand , Islam Mazharul , Pirzada Abdul Majeed , Qureshi Khan Muhammad
Published: October 2022

Methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) generates renewable energy. This method of generating energy makes use of small Pt-Ru catalysts. The cost of fuel cell technology makes it unsuitable for widespread use. Like platinum, palladium has electrocatalytic properties. In-situ CO poisons its monometallic form, which possesses significant overpotentials. Alkaline electrolytes, unfavorable for platinum but speed up the kinetics of alcohol oxidation by preferentially oxidizing methanol to formaldehyde, are where palladium is most active. Secondary metals collaborate in the co-catalysis of CO surface oxidation and assist in controlling palladium-reactant binding strengths. An article discusses anode electrocatalysts. The mechanics of current platinum catalysts are compared to those of palladium catalysts. Palladium catalyst requirements and synthesis are discussed.
Correlation Analysis between Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Oil Price Changes Based on Copula Function
Authors: Huang Xiaodong
Published: October 2022

In order to explore the relationship between exchange rate fluctuations and oil prices, this paper combines the copula function to study the correlation between exchange rate fluctuations and oil price changes, conducts a more comprehensive study of the copula function, and applies the algorithm to some practical classification problems. Moreover, this paper improves some defects in the algorithm and combines some new learning frameworks in machine learning to generalize the copula function to a variety of learning models. In addition, this paper studies how to use the coverage algorithm to construct classifiers under various problems and proposes corresponding improvement strategies according to the characteristics of various problems. Finally, this paper builds a correlation analysis algorithm model and uses simulation research to verify that there is a relatively obvious correlation between exchange rate fluctuations and oil price changes.
Whole Transcriptomic Analysis of Key Genes and Signaling Pathways in Endogenous ARDS
Authors: Xie Yongpeng , Luo Jiye , Hu Wenxia , Ye Chongchong , Ren Panpan , Wang Yanli , Li Xiaomin
Published: October 2022

Objective. To analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in rats with endogenous acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) lung injury and explore the pathogenesis and early diagnostic molecular markers using whole transcriptomic data. Methods. Twelve 8-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were selected and randomly and equally divided into ARDS lung injury group and normal control group. RNA was extracted from the left lung tissues of both the groups and sequenced using the paired-end sequencing mode of the Illumina Hiseq sequencing platform. The DEGs of miRNA, cirRNA, lncRNA, and mRNA were screened using DESeq2 software, and the ceRNA regulatory network was constructed using Cytoscape. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed using the mRNA DEGs. STRING and Cytoscape software were used to construct the protein interaction network and identify the 15 key genes, which were verified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results. Based on different screening conditions, and compared with the control group, the ARDS lung injury group showed 836 mRNA DEGs (386 upregulated and 450 downregulated), 110 lncRNA DEGs (53 upregulated and 57 downregulated), 19 circRNA DEGs (3 upregulated and 16 downregulated), and 6 miRNA DEGs (5 upregulated and 1 downregulated gene). GO showed that the DEGs of mRNA were mainly involved in biological processes, such as defense response to lipopolysaccharide and other organisms, leukocyte chemotaxis, neutrophil chemotaxis, and cytokine-mediated signaling. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs played their biological roles mainly by participating in IL-17, TNF, and chemokine signaling pathways. The PPI analysis showed a total of 281 node proteins and 634 interaction edges. The top 15 key genes, which were screened, included Cxcl10, Mx1, Irf7, Isg15, Ifit3, Ifit2, Rsad2, Ifi47, Oasl, Dhx58, Usp18, Cmpk2, Herc6, Ifit1, and Gbp4. The ceRNA network analysis showed 69 nodes and 73 correlation pairs, where the key gene nodes were miR-21-3p, Camk2g, and Stx2. Conclusions. The chemotaxis, migration, and degranulation of inflammatory cells, cytokine immune response, autophagy, and apoptosis have significant biological functions in the occurrence and development of endogenous acute lung injury during ARDS. Thus, the camk2g/miR-21-3p/lncRNA/circRNA network, CXCL10/CXCR3, and IL-17 signaling pathways might provide novel insights and targets for further studying the lung injury mechanism and clinical treatment.
Molecular Characterization and In Silico Analyses of Maurolipin Structure as a Secretory Phospholipase

A

2

(

sPLA

2

) from Venom Glands of Iranian Scorpio maurus (Arachnida: Scorpionida)
Authors: Soltan-Alinejad Parisa , Alipour Hamzeh , Soltani Aboozar , Asgari Qasem , Ramezani Amin , Mehrabani Davood , Azizi Kourosh
Published: October 2022

The venom is a mixture of various compounds with specific biological activities, such as the phospholipase

 

A

2

(

PLA

2

) enzyme present in scorpion venom.

PLA

2

plays a key role in inhibiting ryanodine receptor channels and has neurotoxic activity. This study is the first investigation of molecular characterization, cloning, and in silico analyses of

PLA

2
 

from Iranian Scorpio maurus, named Maurolipin. After RNA extraction from S. maurus venom glands, cDNA was synthesized and amplified through RT-PCR using specific primers. Amplified Maurolipin was cloned in TA cloning vector, pTG19. For in silico analyses, the characterized gene was analyzed utilizing different software. Maurolipin coding gene with 432 base pair nucleotide length encoded a protein of 144 amino acid residues and 16.34 kilodaltons. Comparing the coding sequence of Maurolipin with other characterized

PLA

2
 

from different species of scorpions showed that this protein was a member of the

PLA

2
 

superfamily. According to SWISS-MODEL prediction, Maurolipin had 38.83% identity with bee venom

PLA

2
 

with 100% confidence and 39% identity with insect phospholipase

A

2

family, which Phyre2 predicted. According to the three-dimensional structure prediction, Maurolipin with five disulfide bonds has a very high similarity to the structure of

PLA

2

that belonged to the group III subfamily. The in silico analyses showed that phospholipase

A

2

coding gene and protein structure is different based on scorpion species and geographical condition in which they live.
China’s Green Bond Market: Structural Characteristics, Formation Factors, and Development Suggestions—Based on the Comparison of the Chinese and the US Green Bond Markets Structure
Authors: Li Haolan , He Tiancheng , Liao Xihong , Tong Weizhen
Published: October 2022

Since 2012, green bond markets have boomed worldwide, particularly in the European Union, the United States, and China. Under this background, the researchers use the methods of literature research, qualitative analysis, and descriptive research to compare the structure of Chinese and American green bond markets and analyze their differences from the perspective of historical evolution, issuance standards, and market operation characteristics. The researchers believe that China’s bank-oriented financial structure and America’s market-oriented financial structure are the main reasons for the difference between the two countries. The researchers then discuss the strengths and weaknesses of China’s green bond market and conclude that the advantages of China’s green bond market structure lie in low risk and close relationships between banks and enterprises, while the disadvantages lie in low financial efficiency and give relevant suggestions. This article makes up for the lack of cross-country comparison in the existing research on the green bond market and provides a qualitative research perspective. The suggestions put forward have specific policy significance for developing the green bond market in China and other developing countries.
Upper Airways Spray for Viral Infections Prevention
Authors: Palmieri Beniamino , Vadalà Maria
Published: October 2022

Aim. Several studies emphasized the antiviral properties of many natural compounds enclosed in nutraceuticals formulas and quite effective to prevent the respiratory infections. The rationale of our investigation has been to achieve protection from common cold viruses’ infection of the upper airways pooling together and dispensing different active principles on a multistep defense basis. Material and Methods. 30 patients affected by sudden aspecific viral-induced sore throat rhinitis were divided in two groups: (1) the first group included 15 patients which were administered with our spray formula and (2) the second group included 15 patients with the commercial nasal lavage kit. The mucous smear was stained with May Grunwald-Giemsa to exclude eosinophilic infiltrate and confirm the prevalence of granulocytes and lympho-monocytes typical of viral seasonal inflammatory upper airways conditions. Results. The symptomatic relieve is remarkedly evident in the treated group with our spray compared to the second group treated with commercial nasal lavage kit. Conclusions. The open case-control retrospective observational study showed a definite benefit of the spray based on natural herbal extracts to take control of the upper airways respiratory distress due to viral infections.
Pathological Tendon Histology in Early and Chronic Human Patellar Tendinopathy
Authors: Malmgaard-Clausen Nikolaj Moelkjaer , Kjaer Michael , Dakin Stephanie G
Published: October 2022

The present pilot study investigated the extent of histological tissue changes in both chronic tendinopathy and in individuals that display early clinical signs of tendinopathy. The study included 8 individuals of whom 3 were healthy without any tendon symptoms, 2 had early symptoms (1–2 months), and 3 had chronic symptoms (>3 months) from their patellar tendons. Percutaneous needle biopsy samples were obtained from the affected tendon tissue region. Biopsy samples were stained with Haematoxylin & Eosin, and multiplex immunofluorescence staining was performed for markers of inflammation and resolution. Both early and chronic stage patellar tendon biopsy samples from this small patient cohort exhibited expansion of the interfascicular matrix (IFM) and endotenon regions together with increased cellularity and vascularity. These histological observations were moderate in early tendinopathy, whereas they were more pronounced and associated with marked disruption of tissue architecture in chronic tendinopathy. Early stage tendinopathic patellar tendons expressed markers associated with an activated phenotype of fibroblasts (CD90, CD34), macrophages (S100A8), and endothelial cells (ICAM1, VCAM1). These tissues also expressed enzymes implicated in inflammation (PTGS2, 15PGDH) and resolution (ALOX12) and the proresolving receptor ERV1. Immunopositive staining for these markers was predominantly located in the IFM regions. These preliminary findings suggest that mild to moderate structural histological changes including expansion of IFM and endotenon regions are pathological features of early tendinopathy, and support inflammatory and resolving processes are active in early-stage disease. Further investigation of the cellular and molecular basis of early-stage tendinopathy is required to inform therapeutic strategies that prevent the development of irreversible chronic tendon disease.
Autophagy Regulates Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Induced by Orthodontic Tension
Authors: Zheng Junyi , Xu Bowen , Yang Kai
Published: October 2022

Tooth movement is the core of orthodontics. Osteogenesis of the tension side under orthodontic force has great significance on tooth movement and stability, which involves complex mechanical and biological signal transduction. However, the mechanism remains unclear. Through in vitro cell studies, we observed the increased expression levels of osteogenesis-related factors and autophagy-related factors during the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells induced by orthodontic force. The change trend of autophagy-related factors and osteogenesis-related factors is similar, which indicates the involvement of autophagy in osteogenesis. In the study of autophagy-related gene ATG7 silenced cells, the expression level of autophagy was significantly inhibited, and the expression level of osteogenesis-related factors also decreased accordingly. Through drug regulation, we observed that the increase of autophagy level could effectively promote osteogenic differentiation, while the decrease of the autophagy level inhibited this process to some extent. Therefore, autophagy plays an important role in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells induced by orthodontic force, which provides a novel idea useful for orthodontic treatment in promoting periodontal tissue remodeling and accelerating tooth movement.
Fabrication and Analysis of the HLM Method of Layered Polymer Bumper with the Fracture Surface Micrographs
Authors: Narashima Rao P. V. , Periyasamy P. , Bovas Herbert Bejaxhin A. , Vetre Selvan E. , Ramanan N. , Vasudevan N. , Elangovan R. , Tufa Mebratu
Published: October 2022

Bumpers are essential components that shield passenger cars from slow-speed collisions. Automobiles have them mounted on the front and rear ends. It is believed that bumpers would be crucial in avoiding or restricting damage to automobiles. Various composite material combinations are being researched when a car frontal accident occurs in light of the impact requirements. By comparing it to the parent material, the unique hybrid fibre-metal laminate production clarifies problems such as deformation and stress. This research focuses on identifying the hybrid material composed of basalt fibre with aluminium and glass fibre combinations, inducing it with the properties of the existing parent material and fusing it together to form a laminated composite. It also focuses on identifying its specific features and mapping them with those of the existing ones. This project’s peculiarity strives to give the best bumper with a range of deformation between 0.017378 m and 0.03114 m for the 38 MPa tensile strength with a maximum stress prediction of 2.424 × 102 MPa that shows advantageous in day-to-day operations, and this is done by comparing simulation results.
Optimization Method of Spatial Layout of Marine Industry Based on Cloud Computing
Authors: Wang Fazhi , Qi Xiaoyu , Dong Jing , Jiang Yongzeng
Published: October 2022

With the continuous expansion of the marine economy, a large number of problems have been encountered in the spatial layout of the marine industry, such as space intensification, low space utilization, unreasonable industrial structure, poor management system, inadequate scientific research and innovation capabilities, poor ecological environment, poor load balance, and large resource consumption, etc. In response to these problems, this study proposes to reoptimize the spatial layout of the marine industry on the basis of cloud computing. On the basis of collecting the Hilbert values of all data, all nodes are arranged in the order of construction time to improve the Hilbert R-tree structure. Then the idea of clustering is introduced to avoid data overlap. Using the spatial correlation coefficient, the access control model of the marine industry spatial layout platform is established to optimize the marine industry spatial layout under the background of cloud computing. When using the method proposed in this study, the time consumption was about 4 seconds when the number of blocks increased to 5000. Compared with 11 seconds and 7 seconds when using the other two methods, the proposed method greatly reduces the time consumed by the number of pieces of ocean remote sensing images in different query ranges under the ocean information cloud platform. The proposed method also shows good performance in the encryption and decryption test process of the pairing method. In summary, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method in the optimization of the marine industry spatial layout is confirmed, which provides a suitable theoretical basis for the optimization of the marine industry spatial layout.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Superficial Fungal Infection among Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central Nepal
Authors: Jaishi Vidya Laxmi , Parajuli Ranjana , Dahal Pragyan , Maharjan Roshani
Published: October 2022

Fungal infections of hair, nail, and skin are common worldwide and tend to increase. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of dermatomycoses, estimate the efficiency of rapid potassium hydroxide (KOH) wet-mount, and observe the hygienic status and the predisposing risk factors. Altogether 115 samples (nail = 77, skin = 30, and hair = 8) were obtained in a duration of December 2019 to June 2020 at Grande International Hospital, Nepal. The samples were examined by KOH wet-mount microscopy and further processed for culture. The dermatophyte test medium (DTM) was used to isolate dermatophytes separately. The fungal colonies obtained in SDA, SDA with cycloheximide/chloramphenicol and dermatophyte medium were subjected to lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB) reagent to study fungal morphology. The yeast colonies grown on SDA were subjected to Gram staining, germ-tube tests, and biochemical tests for identification. CHROMagar was used to distinguish different Candida species based on its pigment production in the medium. Various factors (age, sex, occupation, and hygiene condition) were analyzed which were associated with mycological infection. Out of 115 samples, the presence of fungal elements was detected in 20 samples by KOH. Nondermatophyte molds were the most isolated fungus in nails, skin, and hair, followed by yeast and dermatophytes, respectively. Dermatomycosis molds were the most common causative agents with 22 (14.7%) cases, followed by yeasts with 6 (5.21%) cases. Candida albicans was isolated from 5 (4.3%) cases, whereas Rhodotorula species accounted for a single (0.8%) case. Dermatophytes were isolated from 5 (4.3%) cases. Among them, n = 4(3.4%) cases revealed Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes was isolated from single (0.8%) case. The most isolated nondermatophyte mold that follows criteria as a pathogen in our study was Cladosporium species 6 (25%) out of 27 total fungal isolates. Poor hygiene and sweating were found to be statistically significant (P<0.05) in fungal cases detected by both KOH and culture. Dermatophytes and nondermatophyte fungi were emerging as important causes of fungal infection. Both direct microscopy and culture followed by LPCB together were vital tools for the diagnosis of fungal infections.
Optimizing Deep Learning Model for Software Cost Estimation Using Hybrid Meta-Heuristic Algorithmic Approach
Authors: ul Hassan Ch Anwar , Khan Muhammad Sufyan , Irfan Rizwana , Iqbal Jawaid , Hussain Saddam , Sajid Ullah Syed , Alroobaea Roobaea , Umar Fazlullah
Published: October 2022

Effective software cost estimation significantly contributes to decision-making. The rising trend of using nature-inspired meta-heuristic algorithms has been seen in software cost estimation problems. The constructive cost model (COCOMO) method is a well-known regression-based algorithmic technique for estimating software costs. The limitation of the COCOMO models is that the values of these coefficients are constant for similar kinds of projects whereas, in reality, these parameters vary from one organization to another organization. Therefore, for accurate estimation, it is necessary to fine-tune the coefficients. The research community is now examining deep learning (DL) as a forward-looking solution to improve cost estimation. Although deep learning architectures provide some improvements over existing flat technologies, they also have some shortcomings, such as large training delays, over-fitting, and under-fitting. Deep learning models usually require fine-tuning to a large number of parameters. The meta-heuristic algorithm supports finding a good optimal solution at a reasonable computational cost. Additionally, heuristic approaches allow for the location of an optimum solution. So, it can be used with deep neural networks to minimize training delays. The hybrid of ant colony optimization with BAT (HACO-BA) algorithm is a hybrid optimization technique that combines the most common global optimum search technique for ant colonies (ACO) in association with one of the newest search techniques called the BAT algorithm (BA). This technology supports the solution of multivariable problems and has been applied to the optimization of a large number of engineering problems. This work will perform a two-fold assessment of algorithms: (i) comparing the efficacy of ACO, BA, and HACO-BA in optimizing COCOMO II coefficients; and (ii) using HACO-BA algorithms to optimize and improve the deep learning training process. The experimental results show that the hybrid HACO-BA performs better as compared to ACO and BA for tuning COCOMO II. HACO-BA also performs better in the optimization of DNN in terms of execution time and accuracy. The process is executed upto 100 epochs, and the accuracy achieved by the proposed DNN approach is almost 98% while NN achieved accuracy of up to 85% on the same datasets.
The Restriction Factors and Mechanism Analysis Model Design of the Commercial Serious Disease Insurance in Connection with Serious Disease Insurance
Authors: Chen Hongguang , Yuan Jiaqi , Pei Jinsong
Published: October 2022

Based on the internal and external constraints of serious disease insurance and commercial serious disease insurance, the logistic model of “whether you are willing to connect with commercial serious disease insurance on the basis of serious disease insurance” and “to understand the objective conditions of the connection between serious disease insurance and commerci”a“ serious disease insurance” is designed. Based on the empirical research on the micro survey panel data of 6 municipal districts in W City in April 2020, the following research results are obtained: among the many influencing factors, “health status,” “per capita family income,” “gender,” “age,” “education level,” “number of children,” “operating rules,” “public value recognition,” “settlement linkage” Internal Factors of “Information Mastery” and “Implicit Restrictions.” Therefore, the family should be insured in the optimal allocation of family members in the order of “family pillar-children-the elderly” and the scientific layout of insurance products on the basis of family per capita income. The government should promote the institutional integration by strengthening the mechanism construction, building an information platform, and optimizing the management system, so as to promote the health big data sharing, and provide a superior environment for the connection between serious disease insurance and commercial serious disease insurance.
MRI Features and Significance of Serum miRNAs and Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Yao Nengyun , She Yanmei , Tang Songlin , Liu Huafei , Liu Fang
Published: October 2022

This study was aimed to investigate the changes of brain MRI features and serum biological parameters in patients with TLE. 30 patients with unilateral TLE confirmed by surgical pathology were selected as study subjects, and 30 subjects without a history of epilepsy who underwent health examinations during the same period were selected as controls. The brain MRI features of the patients were explored and the T2 relaxation time (HCT2) indexes of the bilateral hippocampus were extracted. The differences in levels of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets, inflammatory cytokines, and miRNAs were measured. The results showed that the hippocampal volume of TLE patients was significantly reduced, and the HCT2 value of the hippocampus was greater than that of the control group (

P
<
0.05

). CD3+ (77.9 ± 4.4)%, CD4+ (45.6 ± 2.2)%, CD8+ (22.1 ± 1.9)%, and CD3+/CD8+ (2.24 ± 0.22) in peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets of epileptic patients, compared with control group, CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ levels were significantly increased and CD8+ concentration was significantly decreased in epileptic patients (

P
<
0.05

); inflammatory cytokines TNF-α was (2.63 ± 0.26) pg/mL, IL-1β was (4.61 ± 0.57) pg/mL, IL-2 was (1.59 ± 0.21) pg/mL, IL-6 was (2.28 ± 0.19) pg/mL, and ICAM-1 was (1.89 ± 0.30) pg/mL in peripheral blood of epileptic patients, which was significantly increased compared with control group, while IL-10 was significantly decreased in epileptic patients (

P
<
0.05

); miR-146a was (2.14 ± 0.28) and miR-210 was (1.89 ± 0.31), miR-221 (2.44 ± 0.35), miR-34a (0.59 ± 0.14), miR-135b (10.17 ± 0.16), miR-33 (0.26 ± 0.09) in peripheral blood miRNA levels of epileptic patients, and miR-146a, miR-210, miR-221, and miR-34a levels of epileptic patients were significantly increased compared with control group, while MiR-135b and miR-33 levels of epileptic patients were significantly reduced (

P
<
0.05

). In summary, patients with TLE have hippocampal lesions, which may be related to peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets imbalance, chronic inflammatory response, and abnormal expression of miRNAs.
Numerical Simulation of Vortex-Induced Transverse Vibration of a Cylinder with Very Low Mass Ratio
Authors: Zhang Xinxing , Hu Minghan , Cai Jiancheng , Babenko Andrii , Shiju E. , Xu Zisheng
Published: October 2022

Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of flow past different types of cylinders is important in many engineering fields and has led to a large number of fundamental studies. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become a powerful tool to investigate VIV problems. In this paper, the VIV of an elastically supported rigid-body circular cylinder was numerically studied by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations with the shear stress transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model. The dynamic mesh approach was used to tackle the domain mesh change due to the cylinder motion. The characteristics of the amplitude response of the cylinder and the vortex shedding frequency at different reduced velocities were compared with the experimental data, and good agreement was found regarding the vibration amplitude and the frequency lock-in phenomenon. Results show the influence of added mass was perceptible in the free vibration and in the initial branch with small cylinder vibration amplitude, while it is fairly weak in the upper and lower branches considering the fact that the main response frequency of the cylinder is close to the natural frequency in a vacuum. Detailed vorticity distributions clearly indicate the 2P vortex modes at the upper and lower branches, and the 2S mode at the initial branch and their generation mechanisms are analyzed. The effects of the cylinder vibration on the lift and drag forces at different branches are discussed, and the frequencies of peak values in their Fourier spectra are examined. The phase difference between the lift force and the cylinder vibration shows an obvious jump from the initial branch to the upper branch with the vortex mode switching from 2S to 2P.
Lack of UBE3A-Mediated Regulation of Synaptic SK2 Channels Contributes to Learning and Memory Impairment in the Female Mouse Model of Angelman Syndrome
Authors: Sun Jiandong , Liu Yan , Hao Xiaoning , Baudry Michel , Bi Xiaoning
Published: October 2022

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe developmental delay, motor impairment, language and cognition deficits, and often with increased seizure activity. AS is caused by deficiency of UBE3A, which is both an E3 ligase and a cofactor for transcriptional regulation. We previously showed that the small conductance potassium channel protein SK2 is a UBE3A substrate, and that increased synaptic SK2 levels contribute to impairments in synaptic plasticity and fear-conditioning memory, as inhibition of SK2 channels significantly improved both synaptic plasticity and fear memory in male AS mice. In the present study, we investigated UBE3a-mediated regulation of synaptic plasticity and fear-conditioning in female AS mice. Results from both western blot and immunofluorescence analyses showed that synaptic SK2 levels were significantly increased in hippocampus of female AS mice, as compared to wild-type (WT) littermates. Like in male AS mice, long-term potentiation (LTP) was significantly reduced while long-term depression (LTD) was enhanced at hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses of female AS mice, as compared to female WT mice. Both alterations were significantly reduced by treatment with the SK2 inhibitor, apamin. The shunting effect of SK2 channels on NMDA receptor was significantly larger in female AS mice as compared to female WT mice. Female AS mice also showed impairment in both contextual and tone memory recall, and this impairment was significantly reduced by apamin treatment. Our results indicate that like male AS mice, female AS mice showed significant impairment in both synaptic plasticity and fear-conditioning memory due to increased levels of synaptic SK2 channels. Any therapeutic strategy to reduce SK2-mediated inhibition of NMDAR should be beneficial to both male and female patients.
Design of Key Technologies for Elderly Public Network Services Based on Intelligent Recommendations
Authors: Zhang Xinjia
Published: October 2022

As the world’s population continues to increase, the proportion of elderly people is also rising. The existing elderly public service system is no longer able to meet the needs of the elderly for their daily lives. The elderly population is significantly less receptive to emerging matters than the younger population, resulting in the public elderly service system not being able to access the initial data of elderly users in a timely manner, which causes the system to make incorrect recommendations. Therefore, the elderly cannot enjoy all kinds of online services provided by the Internet platform. In order to solve this problem, an elderly intelligent recommendation method based on hybrid collaborative filtering is proposed. First, the data of elderly users and elderly service items are scored, and modelling is completed by a collaborative filtering algorithm. Then, the XGBoost model is combined to solve the optimal objective function, so that the recommended data set with the highest score in the nearest neighbour set is obtained. The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid algorithm effectively solves the cold start phenomenon that occurs when the elderly population uses the web to make recommendations for elderly services. In addition, the proposed hybrid algorithm has a higher recommendation footprint accuracy than other recommendation algorithms.