bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tooth wear and tertiary crowding: a 13-year cohort study in Amazon Indigenous populations
Authors: Travassos da Rosa Moreira Bastos Renata , da Costa Eduardo Oliveira , Normando David
Published: January 2025

Background

Tooth wear is an important mechanism for reducing dental dimensions and, consequently, dental crowding. The objective of this cohort study was to examine the relation of tooth wear, adjusted for covariates (age, tooth loss, arch perimeter and intercanine width), on tertiary crowding in Amazon Indigenous populations.

Methods

A sample of 40 Indigenous people in permanent dentition at T0 (baseline) and after 13 years (T1) were evaluated. The sample included 16 males and 24 females belonging to two villages, Arara (n = 22, mean ages 16.6 and 29.9 years) and Assurini do Xingu (n = 18, mean ages 16.0 and 29.6 years). Clinical, intraoral photograph and dental cast evaluations were performed at both times. The anterior crowding was measured using Little’s Irregularity Index (LI) and modeled through a multilevel linear regression with the predictor variables: village, tooth wear (T1-T0), age (T0), tooth loss (T1-T0), changes in intercanine width (T1-T0) and changes in arch perimeter (T1-T0).

Results

A slight increase was observed (< 1 mm) in anterior dental crowding and a decrease in arch perimeter < 1.5 mm, while tooth wear increased between 0.65 and 0.99 units. The contextual variable (village) had no significant association with LI. In the upper arch, tooth loss was the only variable that showed an inverse association with LI (β=-0.41, p < 0.05). In the lower arch, the increase in dental crowding was inversely associated with tooth wear (β=-1.30, p < 0.05) and changes in arch perimeter (β=-0.31, p < 0.05). The other variables did not show significant associations.

Conclusion

After 13 years, dental crowding and tooth wear increased, while the arch dimensions tended to decrease. The changes in long-term dental crowding seem to have distinct etiological components for each dental arch. In the mandible, the changes in incisor alignment were associated with increased tooth wear and decreased dental arch dimensions. Whereas in the maxilla, only tooth loss caused alterations in tooth alignment. It is suggested that the effect of increased tooth wear on the etiology of tertiary crowding is of small magnitude and restricted to the lower dental arch.
Whole-genome sequencing identifies novel loci for keratoconus and facilitates risk stratification in a Han Chinese population
Authors: Yao Yinghao , Li Xingyong , Wu Lan , Zhang Jia , Gui Yuanyuan , Yu Xiangyi , Zhou Yang , Li Xuefei , Liu Xinyu , Xing Shilai , An Gang , Du Zhenlin , Liu Hui , Li Shasha , Yu Xiaoguang ,   Myopia Associated Genetics Intervention and Consortiums, Chen Hua , Su Jianzhong , Chen Shihao
Published: January 2025

Background

Keratoconus (KC) is a prevalent corneal condition with a modest genetic basis. Recent studies have reported significant genetic associations in multi-ethnic cohorts. However, the situation in the Chinese population remains unknown. This study was conducted to identify novel genetic variants linked to KC and to evaluate the potential applicability of a polygenic risk model in the Han Chinese population.

Methods

A total of 830 individuals diagnosed with KC and 779 controls from a Chinese cohort were enrolled and genotyped by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Common and rare variants were respectively subjected to single variant association analysis and gene-based burden analysis. Polygenic risk score (PRS) models were developed using top single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified from a multi-ethnic meta-analysis and then evaluated in the Chinese cohort.

Results

The characterization of germline variants entailed correction for population stratification and validation of the East Asian ancestry of the included samples via principal component analysis. For rare protein-truncating variants (PTVs) with minor allele frequency (MAF) < 5%, ZC3H11B emerged as the top prioritized gene, albeit failing to reach the significance threshold. We detected three common variants reaching genome-wide significance (P ≤ 5 × 10−8), all of which are novel to KC. Our study validated three well known predisposition loci, COL5A1, EIF3A and FNDC3B. Additionally, a significant correlation of allelic effects was observed for suggestive SNPs between the largest multi-ethnic meta-genome-wide association study (GWAS) and our study. The PRS model, generated using top SNPs from the meta-GWAS, stratified individuals in the upper quartile, revealing up to a 2.16-fold increased risk for KC.

Conclusions

Our comprehensive WGS-based GWAS in a large Chinese cohort enhances the efficiency of array-based genetic studies, revealing novel genetic associations for KC and highlighting the potential for refining clinical decision-making and early prevention strategies.
“Not waiting for the storm to pass, but dancing in the rain”: professional identity construction of efl teachers at tutoring institutions
Authors: Shi Han , Wang Yunsong , Wang Yongliang
Published: January 2025

Studies of EFL teachers’ professional identity have experienced a sociological turn. As a result, much research attention has been showered upon exploring EFL teachers’ identity construction under the multiple interactions of individual and social factors. However, there are few documented studies concerning the EFL teachers at tutoring institutions, as a marginalized community of teachers. To this end, the present study drew on the narrative inquiry and case study to indicate the dynamic trajectories of identity construction among EFL teachers at tutoring institutions under the “Double Reduction” policy. 8 EFL teachers were recruited from Chinese tutoring institutions to participate in the semi-structural interviews. The analysis elucidated identity construction of EFL teachers at tutoring institutions from a sociocultural perspective. The construction path could fall into three-story constellations: the initial stage (idealized and flat), the exploratory stage (unstable and insufficient) and the renewal stage (thoughtful and far-sighted). Meanwhile, identity construction has also undergone four changes: enthusiast, victim but explorer, and aspirant. These outcomes may offer critical implications for policymakers and teacher educators to recognize and support the professional development of teachers at tutoring institutions amid policy shifts and contextual challenges.
To intubate or to resuscitate: the effect of simulation-based training on advanced airway management during simulated paediatric resuscitations
Authors: Donath C. , Leonhardt A. , Stibane T. , Weber S. , Mand N.
Published: January 2025

Background

We aimed to measure the effect of a 2-day structured paediatric simulation-based training (SBT) on basic and advanced airway management during simulated paediatric resuscitations.

Methods

Standardised paediatric high-fidelity SBT was conducted in 12 of the 15 children’s hospitals in Hesse, Germany. Before and after the SBT the study participants took part in two study scenarios (PRE and POST scenario), which were recorded using an audio–video system. Airway management was assessed using a performance evaluation checklist. Time to initiate ventilation, frequency, and timing of endotracheal intubation (ETI), and its influence on other life support interventions were assessed. Differences in airway management between hospitals with and without a PICU were evaluated.

Results

Two hundred twenty-nine participants formed 58 interprofessional resuscitation teams. All teams recognised apnoea in their simulated patients and initiated ventilation during the scenarios. Time to recognition of apnoea and time to initiation of ventilation did not improve significantly after SBT, but teams were significantly more likely to select appropriately sized airway equipment. ETI was attempted in 55% PRE and 40% POST scenarios (p=0.1). The duration of the entire ETI process was significantly shorter in the POST scenarios. Chest compressions (CC) were frequently discontinued during ETI attempts, which improved after SBT (PRE 73% vs. POST 43%, p = 0.035). Adequate resumption of CC after completion of intubation was also significantly more frequent in the POST scenarios (46% vs. 74%, p = 0.048). During ETI attempts, CC were more likely to be adequately continued in teams from hospitals with a PICU (PRE scenarios: PICU 20% vs. NON-PICU 36%; POST scenarios: PICU 79%, NON-PICU 22%; p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Our data suggest an association between airway management complexity and basic life support measures. Although the frequency of ETI was not significantly reduced after a 2-day SBT intervention, the duration of advanced airway management was shortened thus reducing no-ventilation time which led to fewer interruptions in chest compressions during simulated paediatric resuscitations. SBT may be adapted to the participants’ workplace to maximize its effect and improve the overall performance in paediatric resuscitation.
The impact of inflammatory response on psychological status of medical staff during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wang Dong , Li Haijin , Liu Yansong , Li Hong , Liu Yangyang , Hou Lijun
Published: January 2025

Background

Limited research has been conducted on the relationship between inflammatory markers and psychological status in medical staff fighting COVID-19.

Objective

This article examines the psychological and inflammatory conditions of medical personnel working on the front lines of the battle against COVID-19. Methods: A total of 102 clinical staff members were included in this study. All subjects received the Symptom Checklist-90 questionnaire (SCL-90) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian questionnaires for assessing different mental symptoms. The levels of various inflammatory markers, including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a, and IFN-γ, along with GDNF, were evaluated.

Results

Spearman correlation analysis showed that the levels of IL-6 were positively associated with the anxiety score (Spearman’s rho = .230, p = .021), obsessive–compulsive symptoms (Spearman’s rho = .201, p = .042). The levels of IL-8 were negatively associated with the anxiety score (Spearman’s rho = -.223, p = .028), obsessive–compulsive symptoms (Spearman’s rho = -.252, p = .012), hyperarousal (Spearman’s rho = -.221, p = .028). The levels of TNF-α were positively associated with the anxiety score (Spearman’s rho = .201, p = .045), obsessive–compulsive symptoms (Spearman’s rho = .222, p = .035).

Conclusion

Generally, our results suggested that IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α might play a role in the development of psychological symptoms among medical staff.
Experimental research on mechanical and impact properties of ceramsite prepared from secondary aluminum dross and municipal solid waste incineration ash
Authors: He Wangze , Yang Yufei , Zhu Xinghan , Yang Jinzhong , Sun Yingjie , Huang Qifei
Published: January 2025

With the growth of the industrial aluminum smelting sector, and the increasing proportion of incineration treatment in the field of waste management and disposal, there has been a corresponding increase in the production of secondary aluminum dross (SAD) and municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) annually. In this research, ceramsite is prepared using SAD, MSWIFA, and municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA) as raw materials. This study explores the impact of various factors on the mechanical properties of ceramsite and their mechanisms under different conditions, including sintering temperature, raw material ball particle size, raw material silica-alumina ratio, and sintering time. Single-factor experiments demonstrate that the compressive strength of ceramsite initially follows a non-linear ascending trend with increasing sintering temperatures. Additionally, the strength is enhanced with reductions in particle size of the raw material balls, prolongation of the sintering time, and a reduction in the silica-to-alumina ratio of the raw materials. Orthogonal experiments reveal the ideal preparation conditions for ceramsite as follows: a preheating temperature of 400 °C, a preheating duration of 20 min, a sintering temperature of 1270 °C, and a duration of 30 min. Under these conditions, the optimal composition ratio of ceramsite is Si:Al = 3, and the ideal particle size is 0.5 cm. Analysis through X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of new mineral phases such as sodium feldspar and potassium feldspar in the ceramsite, which display a dense structure under microscopic observation. These contribute positively to the mechanical properties of the ceramsite. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicates that at a sintering temperature of 1260 °C or when the raw material ball size is 2 cm, the [SiO4] tetrahedral bands shift to higher wavenumbers, enhancing the degree of polymerization of the glass network in the ceramsite, thereby strengthening its compressive strength. As the silica-alumina ratio of the raw materials decreases and the sintering duration extends, the [SiO4] tetrahedral bands continue to shift to higher wavenumbers, further enhancing the compressive strength of the ceramsite.
Access to robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty varies significantly by race/ethnicity
Authors: Schmerler Jessica , Bergstein Victoria E. , Kagabo Whitney , Khanuja Harpal S. , Oni Julius K. , Hegde Vishal
Published: January 2025

Background

Racial/ethnic disparities in access to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have been extensively demonstrated. Over the past several years, there has been a rapid increase in the utilization of robot-assisted TKA (RA-TKA). Therefore, this study sought to determine whether previously established racial/ethnic disparities extend to access to RA-TKA relative to conventional TKA.

Methods

Patients who underwent TKA from 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2022 were identified in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Patients were stratified by whether they underwent RA-TKA. Multivariable logistic regressions, controlling for demographics and comorbidities significantly different on univariate analysis, were constructed to determine whether race/ethnicity was associated with likelihood of undergoing RA-TKA relative to conventional TKA.

Results

Of the 47,898 patients who underwent TKA in 2022, 8560 (17.9%) underwent RA-TKA. On multivariable analysis, Black, Hispanic, Asian, and all other races were significantly less likely than white patients to undergo RA-TKA relative to conventional TKA (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.59–0.70, P < 0.001; OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.64–0.77, P < 0.001; OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.55–0.76, P < 0.001; OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.66–0.92, P = 0.003, respectively).

Conclusions

The results of this study demonstrate that non-white race is associated with a significantly lower likelihood of undergoing RA-TKA relative to conventional TKA. Importantly, this reduced access to RA-TKA may represent a broader disparity in access to emerging technologies and modern care. Future work should endeavor to identify drivers of this disparity to better understand minority access to emerging technologies in TKA.

Level of evidence III.
The ability of the prognostic nutritional index to predict short-term mortality in geriatric acute heart failure
Authors: Akça Hilal , Akça Hatice Şeyma , Özkan Abuzer , Özdemir Serdar
Published: January 2025

Background

Heart failure is a critical cardiovascular condition, necessitating comprehensive treatment approaches and contributing to elevated mortality rates. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) on the prognosis of geriatric patients diagnosed with acute heart failure.

Results

A total of 104 patients were included and evaluated retrospectively in this study; 57.7% of them were females, and 19.24% of the patients died. A statistically significant difference was identified between high (≥ 35.6) and low PNI (< 35.6) groups in terms of lymphocyte count, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, and albumin (p values: < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.011, and < 0.001, respectively). The area under the curve (AUC) value for albumin was 0.53 (95% CI: 0.30–0.83) with a cutoff value of 3.1 g/dL; for lymphocyte count, it was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.57–0.84) with a cutoff value of 0.34 × 103/µL; and for PNI, it was 0.58 (95% CI: 41.18–85.06) with a cutoff value of 34.6.

Conclusion

The low PNI group exhibited a significantly higher mortality rate; nonetheless, PNI alone does not hold clinical significance as a prognostic marker. However, when combined with other clinical parameters, it can contribute to a more comprehensive assessment of patients.
Eco-biofabrication of silver nanoparticles from Azadirachta indica, Gymnema sylvestre, and Moringa oleifera for lung cancer treatment
Authors: Muthu Tanya , Adusumalli Ravi , Vemuri Sathish Kumar , Indira Devi M. , Pavan Kumar P. , Banala Rajkiran Reddy , Gurava Reddy A. V.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from natural sources have garnered significant attention due to their unique properties and eco-friendly production methods. With lung cancer remaining a major global health issue, there is a continuous need for novel and effective therapeutic approaches beyond conventional treatments such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies.

Objective

This study aims to synthesize AgNPs using plant extracts from Gymnema sylvestre, Moringa oleifera, and Azadirachta indica and to evaluate their anticancer activity, particularly their effects on gene expression in A549 lung cancer cells.

Methods

AgNPs were synthesized using green chemistry techniques and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Gene expression studies were performed to assess the impact of AgNPs on cancer-related genes such as VEGF and CYCLIN-D1. Cytotoxicity assays were conducted on A549 cells to determine the anticancer potential of the synthesized AgNPs compared to plant extracts alone.

Results

XRD confirmed the formation of crystalline AgNPs, while FTIR indicated the presence of bioactive compounds interacting with the nanoparticles. Gene expression analysis revealed significant downregulation of VEGF and CYCLIN-D1, suggesting inhibitory effects on angiogenesis and cell cycle progression. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against A549 cells, with enhanced efficacy compared to the leaf extracts alone.

Conclusion

The study highlights the potential of AgNPs synthesized from medicinal plant extracts as promising candidates for lung cancer therapy. Their environmentally sustainable production, combined with their ability to target key cancer pathways, positions them as innovative and affordable therapeutic agents in the field of nanomedicine.
Sarcopenia and frailty as predictor of outcome in critically ill elderly patients with multiple comorbidities
Authors: Elmaleh Dina mostafa , Mohamed Dina Morsy Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Background

Frailty and sarcopenia are important conditions that grow more common as people age. Frailty, a multi-system illness linked to heightened vulnerability to stresses, and sarcopenia, a loss of muscle mass and function, both raise the likelihood of unfavorable health outcomes including disability or death. This work’s objective was to study the clinical utility of sarcopenia and frailty in critically ill elderly patients with multiple comorbidities.

Patients and methods

Clinical frailty scale and SARC-F scale questionnaire were done in 70 critically ill patients admitted to geriatric ICU in geriatric hospital.

Results

There was a highly significant effect of frailty on primary outcomes whether sarcopenia was present or not (which means that effect of frailty on primary outcomes is more prominent than sarcopenia). The associated factors of frailty including primary admission cause, type of associated comorbidities, and primary outcome (mortality, prolonged hospital stay, long-term ICU care) were found to be important. There was a highly significant effect on the presence of sarcopenia regarding mean age, associated comorbidities, and degree of frailty, with a higher percentage for the need of noradrenaline treatment in ICU patients, highly significant relation to patient mortality.

Conclusions

The risk of death in critical illness is increased by sarcopenia and frailty. Clinical examinations should routinely identify the risk factors for frailty and sarcopenia. By providing appropriate therapies, medical professionals in intensive care units may be able to improve patient outcomes. Clinicians may be able to get prognostic information on the survival and recovery of their frail intensive care unit patients by routinely assessing frailty at the time of admission. Crucially, this might assist patients and their families in making well-informed choices on the course of treatment while they are in critical condition. Crucially, more investigation is needed to ascertain whether there are modifiable elements that might enhance the prognosis of critically sick fragile people.
Investigating the distribution of heat transfer in a thick-walled functionally graded cylindrical shell under heat flux
Authors: Zhang Buqing , Long Zhiqiang , Liu Guoqing , Wu Zhengxin , Yan Qiang
Published: January 2025

The primary aim of this work is to investigate the heat transfer behavior in a thick-walled functionally graded cylindrical shell subjected to internal pressure and thermal gradients, specifically focusing on how different material grading profiles (linear, exponential, and power-law) affect thermal performance. This study examines the influence of material gradation on the temperature distribution by considering variations in Young’s modulus, thermal conductivity, expansion coefficient, and yield stress as functions of the shell’s radial position, based on the Erdogan model. Finite element analysis (FEA) utilizing ABAQUS software was used to conduct the steady-state and transient heat transport calculations in an aluminum metal/alumina ceramic shell. For a pure aluminum shell, it is about 15% of the temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces for the inner temperature of 115 °C and the outer one of 136 °C. By contrast, the ceramic shell thermal insulation reduces the outer wall temperature by 85%: the inner surface temperature is 149 °C and the outer surface 28 °C. Besides, the analysis of several grading profiles evidenced that quite different heat transfer features occur across the component: more steep temperature gradients and higher thermal insulation result when exponential grading is used instead of a linear one. These findings highlight the role of FGM and the optimization of grading profiles in improving high-temperature thermal management applications.
Intracranial Hypotension Mechanism and Implant Retention Procedure for Patients With Titanium Mesh Exposure
Authors: Zheng Rui-Zhe , Qi Zeng-Xin , Lang Li-jian , Huang Wen-tao , Chen Jia-yu , Zhu Tong-ming , Wu Xue-Hai
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The study aimed to investigate the potential pathogenesis and present an implant retention procedure for patients with titanium mesh exposure after cranioplasty.

METHODS:

The clinical data were obtained from 26 consecutive cases with titanium mesh exposure who underwent surgical treatment between 2018 and 2023. These patients' medical records, scalp photographs, operative notes, and outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. In addition, a literature search was conducted for articles describing treatment strategies for titanium mesh exposure published within the past 10 years.

RESULTS:

A total of 26 patients (15 males; mean age [±SD] 52.3 ± 15.0 years) underwent surgical treatment for titanium mesh exposure. Among the subset of patients with a history of ventriculoperitoneal shunt implantation (n = 10), low-pressure hydrocephalus was observed in 90% of cases. The pathogenesis of titanium mesh exposure can be categorized into 4 stages: ischemic stage, depletion stage, defect stage, and infection stage, with a median onset time of 392 days (range from 40 to 5114 days). Based on this, we introduce a novel technique of using a pedicled galea aponeurotica–periosteal flap in titanium mesh retention surgery for treating various types of skin defects. Consequently, 15 patients (57.8%) underwent this procedure and exhibited favorable wound healing over a follow-up period averaging at 640.4 ± 397.2 days (range 117-1573 days).

CONCLUSION:

Implant removal surgery is not the optimal choice for patients presenting with titanium mesh exposure after cranioplasty. The 4 stages of skin defect outlined in this study offer clinical guidance for managing cases of titanium mesh exposure, while highlighting intracranial hypotension as an underappreciated pathogenic factor. A pedicle galea aponeurotica–periosteal flap represents a valuable and versatile alternative for retaining the existing titanium mesh, as it ensures adequate blood supply and withstands pressure gradients.
Gene expression and DNA methylation changes in response to hypoxia in toxicant-adapted Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus)
Authors: Aluru Neelakanteswar , Venkataraman Yaamini R. , Murray Christopher S. , DePascuale Veronica
Published: January 2025

Coastal fish populations are threatened by multiple anthropogenic impacts, including the accumulation of industrial contaminants and the increasing frequency of hypoxia. Some populations of the Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus), like those in New Bedford Harbor (NBH), Massachusetts, USA, have evolved a resistance to dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) that may influence their ability to cope with secondary stressors. To address this question, we compared hepatic gene expression and DNA methylation patterns in response to mild or severe hypoxia in killifish from NBH and Scorton Creek (SC), a reference population from a relatively pristine environment. We hypothesized that NBH fish would show altered responses to hypoxia due to trade-offs linked to toxicant resistance. Our results revealed substantial differences between populations. SC fish demonstrated dose-dependent changes in gene expression in response to hypoxia, while NBH fish exhibited a muted transcriptional response to severe hypoxia. Interestingly, NBH fish showed significant DNA methylation changes in response to hypoxia, while SC fish did not exhibit notable epigenetic alterations. These findings suggest that toxicant-adapted killifish may face trade-offs in their molecular response to environmental stress, potentially impacting their ability to survive severe hypoxia in coastal habitats. Further research is needed to elucidate the functional implications of these epigenetic modifications and their role in adaptive stress responses.
A regularização fundiária urbana de interesse social e o acesso à ordem jurídica justa
Authors: Franzolin Cláudio José , Sodré Manuela Carolina Almeida
Published: January 2025

O processo de reconstrução e ampliação do significado de acesso à justiça, enfatizado pela política nacional de resolução pacífica de conflitos, engloba a transição do ingresso formal ao Judiciário para o alcance à ordem jurídica justa, por meios alternativos extrajudiciais. O objetivo deste estudo é a análise da função social do Registrador de Imóveis na atuação de soluções consensuais de conflitos fundiários urbanos, na prevenção de demandas, como instrumento para ampliar e promover a tutela do direito fundamental à moradia e do direito à cidade. Aponta-se, como resultado, que as resoluções extrajudiciais dos conflitos em regularizações fundiárias de interesse social estão sendo aplicadas como solução ágil e justa para viabilização da moradia e para titulação da propriedade dos ocupantes. Sob a perspectiva da repercussão social e econômica, enfatiza-se a desoneração do Estado, decorrente da diminuição dos custos com o procedimento judicial, a celeridade das soluções e o cumprimento da função social da propriedade. O método adotado é o hipotético-dedutivo, análise de dados, pesquisa bibliográfica e legislativa. A pesquisa justifica-se em razão da crescente necessidade de minimização da sobrecarga do Poder Judiciário e pacificação das relações sociais, em especial, no contexto urbano.
Bases hermenêuticas para a formulação de um conceito de direito à cidade: justiça, cidadania e equidade
Authors: Persicotti Fabiana Guancino , Myszczuk Ana Paula , Meirelles Jussara Maria Leal de
Published: January 2025

O artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma proposta conceitual do direito à cidade que tem como centralidade as concepções de cidadania e equidade. Parte-se da abordagem inaugural desse instituto feita por Henri Lefebvre no livro O Direito à Cidade e se estende pelas concepções adotadas pela doutrina, evidenciando as características e contornos do direito à cidade em uma moderna concepção e em sintonia com a Constituição Federal brasileira de 1988. Quanto à metodologia, o artigo se caracteriza como uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa. Como resultado, destaca-se uma concepção do direito à cidade caracterizada pela junção dos inúmeros direitos passíveis de serem usufruídos no ambiente urbano de forma atrelada à cidadania, essa como ponto de partida em direção à equidade e à construção de uma cidade mais integrada, esta última o ponto de chegada. A proposta conceitual apresentada com este artigo permite a adoção de um conceito de direito à cidade em harmonia com os valores imprescindíveis à fruição e reivindicação dos direitos que lhe são inerentes, de forma a aparelhar esse instituto como ferramenta útil à construção de cidades mais justas.
Cidades do futuro: posicionalidade crítica das cidades inteligente
Authors: Vieira Júnior Dênio Fernando Rezende , Jaborandy Clara Cardoso Machado , Andrade Diogo de Calasans Melo
Published: January 2025

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a posicionalidade das cidades inteligentes, em um contexto pautado pela reminiscência do pensamento marxista e pela formação de uma sociedade na “era tecnológica”. A opção metodológica situou-se no limiar da linha jurídico-dogmática, com maiores aspirações filosóficas e com o emprego do raciocínio dedutivo socorrendo-se da literatura estrangeira. Para a construção do artigo o trabalho foi dividido em: i) considerações a cerca das possibilidades de sociedade do futuro; ii) contexto do surgimento das “smart cities” e a opção política das cidades inteligentes; iii) cuidados e atenções na construção das políticas públicas de cidades inteligentes, a partir de uma visão marxista. A contribuição central está em delinear de forma segura e prudente as transformações sociais e urbanísticas em meio a era da tecnologia. Concluiu-se que a cidade do futuro, qualquer que seja ela, não pode ser pensada ignorando os problemas sociais, econômicos e ambientais, próprios de qualquer sociedade.
Prevenção situacional do crime na cidade de Porto Alegre entre os anos de 2015 e 2020
Authors: Khaled Junior Salah Hassan , Linck José Antônio Gerzson
Published: January 2025

Este artigo aborda a prevenção situacional do crime na cidade de Porto Alegre, investigando empiricamente três subculturas e espaços sociais: grupos de criadores de cães de guarda, um clube de tiro e um ginásio de halterofilismo e defesa pessoal. A metodologia de trabalho adotada é a da criminologia cultural, da sociologia urbana e da antropologia urbana, com problematização dos dados empíricos obtidos mediante inserção etnográfica pelas tradições teóricas pertinentes a estes campos de saber. Por meio da análise desenvolvida foi possível perceber que dinâmicas de negociação de significado, empoderamento e reconstrução do self estão em jogo na inserção em espaços sociais nos quais é possível confrontar subjetivamente as ansiedades situacionais decorrentes da vivência em ambientes urbanos percebidos como ameaçadores pelos participantes dessas subculturas.
A arquitetura hostil como violação ao direito difuso à cidade
Authors: Rodrigues Silva Machado Rafael Moreno , Lehfeld Lucas de Souza
Published: January 2025

As cidades brasileiras passaram no século XX por um longo período de crescimento desregulado, tendo se tornado objeto de atenção recentemente, sobretudo com a promulgação da Constituição de 1988. Posteriormente, editou-se o Estatuto da Cidade, que traça diversas diretrizes para o cumprimento das funções sociais da propriedade e da própria cidade. A despeito da maior atenção legislativa dada às zonas urbanas, manteve-se na estrutura das cidades brasileiras uma desigualdade que é reforçada por equipamentos urbanos defensivos, cujo único propósito é segregar parte mais vulnerável da população de determinadas áreas das cidades. Estas intervenções são denominadas como arquitetura hostil e podem ser exemplificadas pela instalação de obstáculos, como espetos, grades, entre outros. Por não possuírem função outra que não segregar, tais construções violam não só as diretrizes do Estatuto da Cidade, mas também o próprio direito à cidade, conceito subjacente à função social da cidade. O direito à cidade, de nítido caráter social, configura-se em direito difuso e, havendo sua violação por obras de arquitetura hostil, é passível de defesa pela utilização de ações coletivas. O artigo baseou-se em pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, bibliográfica e documental, sendo os dados analisados pelo método hipotético-dedutivo e indutivo.
Una inyección de fondos.
Authors: Mosso Emilia
Published: January 2025

La inyección de fondos, es decir, el financiamiento de programas y proyectos por parte de organismos internacionales en el ámbito de los gobiernos locales es recurrente en las últimas décadas, signando directrices epistemológicas en discursos y políticas habitacionales. Estas prácticas pueden inscribirse en lo que Delgadillo (2014) define como políticas urbanas a la carta, promovidas en proyectos y megaproyectos urbanos, y estrategias de marketing urbano, entre otras. A partir de estas conceptualizaciones, esta investigación exploratoria busca indagar en las políticas emitidas por el Ministerio de Desarrollo Territorial y Hábitat de la Argentina en materia de política habitacional desde su conformación hasta el año 2023, estableciendo una vinculación con las directrices emitidas por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas en el marco de los Objetivos del Desarrollo Sostenibles de la Agenda 2030. La indagación se realiza a partir de técnicas cuali-cuantitativas y distingue entre programas, planes y proyectos con o sin financiamiento internacional. En este marco, se establecen cruces entre ambos organismos para luego realizar algunas reflexiones donde se aprecia la adhesión a los ODS en las políticas habitacionales argentinas, ya sea en prácticas financiadas a nivel internacional como en aquellas ideas en el propio contexto.
Afirmação da Posse como Direito Autônomo e sua Função Social no Direito Brasileiro
Authors: Tavares Peçanha Danielle , Tepedino Gustavo
Published: January 2025

A posse encontra-se prevista no art. 1.196 do Código Civil como exercício de fato e deve ser protegida como direito autônomo pelo ordenamento. Se é certo que a proteção possessória foi historicamente concebida no âmbito da defesa da propriedade, desta se descola quando lhe é assegurada regulamentação própria pelo ordenamento. A constatação de sua autonomia como concessão à necessidade é cada vez mais praticada pelos nossos Tribunais brasileiros, justificando-se ensaio voltado ao objetivo de promover o estudo aprofundado do tema, à luz do direito civil-constitucional. Como se poderá constatar ao longo do texto, como resultado de pesquisa doutrinária e jurisprudencial, por se cuidar de situação eminentemente fática, o interesse contido na posse só se legitima e se torna digno de proteção jurídica na medida em consagra a sua função social, vinculando-se a valores constitucionalmente tutelados, como trabalho, moradia e saúde, expressões da dignidade da pessoa humana. Por isso mesmo, identificam-se, no Código Civil, em contribuição ao aprofundamento do debate, instrumentos que consagram essa autonomia da posse, como se extrai no tratamento conferido à usucapião, notadamente à usucapião extraordinária. Na mesma linha, fomenta-se o debate sobre os denominados bens comuns, cujo acesso se mostra independente da titularidade proprietária.
Apoio da rede social às mães de recém-nascidos prematuros em UTIN: revisão de escopo
Authors: Bonfim Suely de Fátima Santos Freire , Pontes Cleide Maria , Paula Weslla Karla Albuquerque Silva de , Abreu Wilson Jorge Correia Pinto de , Leal Luciana Pedrosa
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: mapear as práticas do apoio da rede social às mães de recém-nascidos prematuros internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Método: revisão de escopo, estruturada conforme as diretrizes metodológicas do Instituto Joanna Briggs. Utilizou-se 11 bases de dados com descritores em saúde. A busca, identificação e avaliação dos artigos foram realizadas no período de fevereiro a março de 2023, atualizada em 2024, para responder ao questionamento: quais são as práticas do apoio da rede social às mães de prematuros na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal? Resultados: foram incluídos 26 estudos, que mostram o predomínio das práticas de apoio emocional, informativa e material advindas de familiares, amigos e da rede social secundária, nas instituições hospitalares. Conclusão: as práticas de apoio às mães aliadas à inclusão dos pais, nos grupos de mães com a equipe multidisciplinar e as práticas de educação em saúde identificadas no apoio informativo, contribuem para a minimização do estresse materno durante o internamento.
Abertura da hermenêutica constitucional à interdisciplinaridade: audiência pública como espaço útil e democrático à promoção dos direitos fundamentais
Authors: Resende Augusto César Leite de
Published: January 2025

O ordenamento jurídico e a ciência jurídica são sistemas abertos e complexos que interagem com o ambiente e com outros sistemas sociais, como o político, o econômico, o cultural e o ambiental, e essas interações influenciam a interpretação e a aplicação das normas jurídicas. Por essas razões, o presente artigo científico tem por objetivo precípuo analisar, a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e dedutiva, o exercício da jurisdição constitucional brasileira, notadamente do controle de constitucionalidade da legislação infraconstitucional, como instrumento de proteção e promoção dos direitos fundamentais a partir de uma hermenêutica constitucional complexa, que exige o diálogo interdisciplinar entre o Direito, em especial o Direito Constitucional, e os demais saberes científicos, prestando-se a tanto a audiência pública como diálogo útil e democrático. A pesquisa levará à conclusão de que a oitiva de especialistas e experts propiciará que os órgãos judiciais conheçam as peculiaridades e as diferentes visões acerca do caso em concreto e, com isso, possuam mais informações e conhecimentos técnicos e específicos sobre o tema para melhor julgar. E o espaço adequado para a concretização desse diálogo é a audiência pública, que se apresenta como espaço de diálogo interdisciplinar entre o direito e outros saberes científicos.
A política econômica dos governos brasileiros no século XXI: do estado social garantidor à tentativa de uma política econômica liberal
Authors: Borges de Oliveira Emerson Ademir , Fachini Elaine Cristina Sotelo
Published: January 2025

O presente artigo tem por escopo a análise das políticas econômicas dos governos brasileiros no século XXI, partindo da explanação sobre a constituição do Estado Liberal, passando pelo Estado Social e finalmente pelo Estado Democrático de Direito. A Constituição de 1988, determinou em seus artigos o propósito do Estado, implicando em sua obrigação em promover a transformação da estrutura econômico-social, alterando sua intervenção no domínio econômico. Como forma de auferir o exposto, verifica-se as políticas econômicas adotadas pelos governos eleitos entre 2003 a 2022, começando pelas políticas de cunho socias adotadas por Lula e Dilma e concluindo com a tentativa de adoção de um Estado Liberal, emplacado por Temer e assumido por Bolsonaro. Para tanto, dada a relevância do tema, analisou-se, de forma qualitativa documental, textos normativos e materiais bibliográficos, utilizando o método dedutivo. Conclui-se preliminarmente que as políticas econômicas dos governos brasileiros no século XXI, falharam em cumprir com a Constituição Econômica, relativamente ao objetivo do desenvolvimento nacional, não alcançando a liberdade econômica e o desenvolvimento social tão almejado.
Os contributos de Samuel Pufendorf, Christian Thomasius e Christian Wolff no debate Iluminista, particularmente para o desenvolvimento do direito moderno
Authors: Queiroz Ceretta Bruno José
Published: January 2025

Esta pesquisa tem como objeto as contribuições de Samuel Pufendorf (1632-1694), Christian Thomasius (1655-1728) e Christian Wolff (1679-1754) para o iluminismo germânico, em diferentes áreas, especialmente na formação do chamado direito natural moderno. O trabalho estrutura-se em quatro eixos sucessivos. Na primeira etapa, contextualiza-se o tema, retomando-se as rupturas e transições que caracterizaram o período. Nas três partes posteriores, interligam-se aspectos da trajetória de cada um dos teóricos às suas principais investigações. Os apontamentos conclusivos avaliam seus aportes, distinguindo os aspectos circunstanciais – fruto da conjuntura histórica estrita – daqueles que persistem. Com suporte em fontes bibliográficas dos autores e seus críticos objetiva-se ampliar as discussões do tema, bastante restritas, por vezes, ao âmbito filosófico ou a outras realidades jurídicas.
El estatus jurídico del límite mínimo del marco punitivo
Authors: Serrano Manuel Francisco
Published: January 2025

en la literatura jurídica existe un acuerdo generalizado en que los topes máximos de la pena establecidos la legislación son un límite infranqueable por los jueces. Sin embargo, al abordar el límite mínimo los desacuerdos comienzan a surgir. En particular, es posible reconocer tres posturas diferentes: a) los mínimos penales son indicativos y, por lo tanto, pueden ser dejados de lado por los jueces; b) los mínimos penales son imperativos, razón por la cual los jueces no pueden aplicar una condena por debajo de ellos; y c) los mínimos penales, si bien son vinculantes para los jueces, pueden ser dejados de lado cuando las circunstancias particulares del caso lo ameriten. En este trabajo voy a defender que la postura c) es la que mejor justifica el estatus jurídico del límite mínimo penal
Antropología y derecho: reflexiones metodológicas sobre el trabajo de campo en áreas de violencia
Authors: Cajas Juan
Published: January 2025

En este ensayo se efectúa una reflexión en torno al quehacer de la socio antropología y el papel que desempeña el investigador ante el reto de manejar información aportada por sujetos/objetos que actúan al margen de las normas del derecho. Los datos, por sus características singulares requieren de ser manejados o presentados en forma encubierta. El tema en cuestión, esto es, la necesidad de proteger la integridad de los informantes, obliga al ejercicio de una narrativa que trabaja sobre datos reales pero que se cubren con un estilo asociado a géneros como la crónica, el ensayo  y la no ficción (non fiction), que consideramos puede ampliar el saber criminológico. En este escrito se utilizan datos provenientes de un trabajo de campo realizado en la frontera norte de México.
Effect of Concurrent Extreme Temperatures and Water Deficit on the Phytochemistry, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Portulacaria Afra Jacq Using Four Extraction Solvents
Authors: Adeleye Oluwafunbi Christianah , Risenga Ida Masana
Published: January 2025

The study focused on Portulacaria afra, a plant native to South Africa which is renowned for its traditional medicinal applications against oral and skin infections. This study aimed to explore, the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial, and antioxidant capabilities of the leaves, stems, and roots under concurrent extreme temperatures (hot and cold) and water deficit conditions to further validate its medicinal significance. To achieve this, the study subjected Portulacaria afra to various temperatures ranging from 0/5ºC to 35/45ºC combined with water deficit and evaluated its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Phytochemical compounds were extracted from different solvent extracts of P. afra and analysed. Antioxidant activity was assessed using metal chelating activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical assays, while antimicrobial efficacy was determined using the agar-well diffusion method against three microbial strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptomyces griseus. Results revealed an enhanced presence of 13 phytochemical groups in Portulacaria afra extracts compared to controls, with peak accumulation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds observed under extreme hot temperatures (35/45ºC) with water deficit. Extracts from these conditions exhibited superior inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli. Moreover, antioxidant activity peaked at hot temperatures (30/40ºC) for 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and metal chelating assays, while the most effective hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity was observed under hot temperatures (35/45ºC) with water deficit. Antioxidant activity peaked at mid-range hot temperatures (30/40ºC) for DPPH and metal chelating, while the best hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity was observed during concurrent extreme hot temperatures (35/45ºC) with water deficit. The findings suggest that extreme temperature variations combined with water deficit significantly impact the biological activities of Portulacaria afra, highlighting the plant’s adaptability and resilience while retaining its therapeutic potential.
Phytochemicals, Anti-microbial and Anti-oxidant Investigations on Cassia fistula Fruit Pulp Extracts
Authors: Arunachalam Nirmala , Jayasankar Shivashankar , Rajendran Jayaprakash , Thamilarasan Radhamani
Published: January 2025

Plants are used as medicinal substances in many cultures and operate as a valuable reservoir for several powerful drugs owing to the existence of specific bioactive components. The process of discovering novel medications starts with the discovery of bioactive compounds derived from natural sources. Cassia fistula (Cf), also known as Konrai, is a natural plant belonging to the Caesalpiniaceae family. It is a significant tropical fruit and is renowned for its therapeutic characteristics. The current research aims to assess the phytochemical composition of the Cf fruit pulp by analysis of its aqueous and chloroform extracts. Additionally, the study will investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of these extracts. The analysis indicates the presence of beneficial phytochemicals except Cardiac glycosides, Polyphenol, and Anthroquinone. In FT-IR analysis, the phytochemical profile of the chloroform extracts demonstrated the existence of important phytochemical functional groups. Around 30 substances were found in the GCMS of the extract. Likely, the DPPH assay of the fruit pulp extracts exhibits the highest concentration (750μg/ml) and good antioxidant activity. Further, the antimicrobial activity was evaluated against disease-causing stains Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, A.niger and C. albicans. The extract exhibited strong antibacterial activity in the chloroform extract compared to the aqueous extract. The findings indicated that chloroform extracts exhibited significant antifungal activity against A.niger in comparison to C.albicans. The aforementioned investigation validates that the chloroform extracts of Cf fruit pulp contains a diverse range of phytochemicals and other active functional groups, which are used for different therapeutic applications.