bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Know More Hepatitis:” CDC's National Education Campaign to Increase Hepatitis C Testing among People Born between 1945 and 1965
Authors: Jorgensen Cynthia , Carnes C. Amanda , Downs Alycia
Published: June 2016

In 2012, CDC issued recommendations calling for those born between 1945 and 1965, or baby boomers, to get tested for the hepatitis C virus. To help implement this recommendation, CDC developed “Know More Hepatitis,” a multimedia national education campaign. Guided by behavioral science theories and formative research, the campaign used multiple strategies to reach baby boomers and health-care providers with messages encouraging baby boomers to get tested for hepatitis C. With a limited campaign budget, the “Know More Hepatitis” campaign relied mostly on donated time and space from broadcast and print outlets. Donated placements totaled approximately $14.7 million, which reflected a more than 12-to-1 return on the campaign investment. This effort was supplemented with a small, paid digital advertising campaign. Combining audience impressions from both paid and donated campaign efforts resulted in more than 1.2 billion audience impressions.
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition preliminary normative guidelines for educationally disadvantaged Xhosa-speaking individuals
Authors: Pienaar I , Shuttleworth-Edwards AB , Klopper CC , Radloff S
Published: June 2016

The aim of this study was to provide preliminary normative guidelines for the use of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition (English administration) for South African Eastern Cape Xhosa-speaking adults ( n=31), aged 18–32, with 12years of disadvantaged quality of education. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition normative indications were compared with those from an equivalent population on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Third Edition. The substitution of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition core subtests with supplemental subtests was also investigated. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Third Edition findings were broadly equivalent, indicating a lowering of 20–25 intelligence quotient points compared with the US standardisation. The use of supplemental subtests revealed improved outcome on all four Index scores. It is concluded that practitioners can gainfully advance to the use of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition with this educationally disadvantaged African first language population, on the proviso that the extent of lowering relative to the US standardisation is taken into consideration.
Clinical, Ergonomic, and Economic Outcomes With Multichamber Bags Compared With (Hospital) Pharmacy Compounded Bags and Multibottle Systems: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Alfonso Jorge Emilio , Berlana David , Ukleja Andrew , Boullata Joseph
Published: June 2016

Background: Multichamber bags (MCBs) may offer potential clinical, ergonomic, and economic advantages compared with (hospital) pharmacy compounded bags (COBs) and multibottle systems (MBSs). Methods: A systematic literature review was performed to identify and assess the available evidence regarding advantages of MCBs compared with COBs and MBSs. Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Databases, and EconLit were searched for articles reporting clinical, ergonomic, and economic outcomes for MCBs compared with COBs or MBSs. The search was limited to studies conducted in hospitalized patients >2 years of age that were published in English between January 1990 and November 2014. The Population Intervention Comparison Outcomes Study Design (PICOS) framework was used for the analysis. Results: From 1307 unique citations, 74 potentially relevant publications were identified; review of references identified 2 additional publications. Among the 76 publications, 18 published studies met the inclusion criteria. Most were retrospective in design. Ten studies reported clinical outcomes, including 1 prospective randomized trial and multiple retrospective analyses that reported a lower risk of bloodstream infection for MCBs compared with other delivery systems. Sixteen studies reported ergonomic and/or economic outcomes; most reported a potential cost benefit for MCBs, with consistent reports of reduced time and labor compared with other systems. The largest cost benefit was observed in studies evaluating total hospitalization costs. Conclusions: The systematic literature review identified evidence of potential clinical, ergonomic, and economic benefits for MCBs compared with COBs and MBSs; however, methodological factors limited evidence quality. More prospective studies are required to corroborate existing evidence.
Corporatizating Activism Through Sport-Focused Social Justice? Investigating Nike’s Corporate Responsibility Initiatives in Sport for Development and Peace
Authors: Hayhurst Lyndsay M. C. , Szto Courtney
Published: June 2016

Inspired by assertions of “creeping commercialization” in issues of social justice, this article seeks to address the entanglement of privatization with sport for development and peace initiatives. We look specifically at Nike’s history of “social responsibility” to situate the N7 initiative, for Indigenous health, within a larger landscape of privatized social justice. Critical discourse analysis was used to unpack Nike’s annual corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports. In addition, a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of the #DeChief movement, which lobbies against the use of “Native” mascotry, was conducted via the social media platform, Twitter. The authors observed public criticism against Nike’s incongruous business practices in supporting Indigenous health on one hand, and financially benefitting from the sale of harmful Indigenous caricatures on the other.
Fast time religion: News, speculation, and discipline in India
Authors: Udupa Sahana
Published: June 2016

In this article, I take the expanding religious programs on private news television in India, and Bangalore city in particular, as a lens to explore new intersections between media and Hindu religiosities, and the conditions that facilitate synergies between religious enterprise, media creativity, and economic mediation in a liberalizing era. I suggest that a new confluence of temporalities underlies this synergy. As the linear progressive narrative of news discourse gives way for speculative temporalities and fast-time cycles, the liberalizing economies and Hindu astrological predictions combine to articulate anxieties for future that animate an uncertain present. In such a milieu, the rapidly expanding commercial news media revive the orthodox Brahminical traditions of ritual healing, although not without contestations. These mediatized religiosities, I argue, overlay the Hindu nationalist project with notions of Hinduism as resources to resolve life-course issues of individual viewers – a discourse removed further afar from the realm of the nation-state.
Climate Perceptions and Identity Interference Among Undergraduate Women in STEM
Authors: Settles Isis H. , O’Connor Rachel C. , Yap Stevie C. Y.
Published: June 2016

In a study of 639 female undergraduates in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors, we found that the relation between a negative academic climate and more interference between identities as women and as scientists, and lower science performance perceptions, was mediated by lower psychological well-being. We also found partial support for gender identity (centrality, private regard, and public regard) as a buffer of the link between climate/interference and psychological well-being. Specifically, gender centrality buffered the link between identity interference and well-being. Gender public regard buffered the association of both negative climate and interference with well-being, and gender private regard exacerbated the link between interference and well-being. We discuss these results in terms of the benefits that gender identification may provide for women in STEM and suggest that educators create networks for women in STEM, while working to reduce sexism and improve academic climates. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ 's website at http://pwq.sagepub.com/supplemental
Smoking Cessation and Changes in Body Mass Index Among Middle Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Sharma Andy
Published: June 2016

Objective: This study contributes to the body of literature examining smoking cessation and body mass index (BMI) for adults aged 50 and older. Method: Utilizing the 2004 and 2010 waves of the RAND Health and Retirement Study, this analysis utilized Fixed Effects (FE) regression on a sample of 1,316 adults aged 50 and older. Results: Older adults undergo a small change in BMI after a transition from smoking to nonsmoking during a 6-year period, and this occurs after accounting for individual-level unobserved heterogeneity. More specifically, men experience a BMI gain of 1.24 ( p< .01) and women experience a BMI gain of 1.58 ( p< .01). Discussion: Gerontologists/health professionals can use these results to inform older adults about the potential for a small increase in BMI and, in the process, assuage any apprehensions about excessive weight gain. This insight may encourage a greater number of older adults to cease smoking.
Using multi-criteria decision making for selection of the optimal strategy for municipal solid waste management
Authors: Jovanovic Sasa , Savic Slobodan , Jovicic Nebojsa , Boskovic Goran , Djordjevic Zorica
Published: June 2016

Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) is a relatively new tool for decision makers who deal with numerous and often contradictory factors during their decision making process. This paper presents a procedure to choose the optimal municipal solid waste (MSW) management system for the area of the city of Kragujevac (Republic of Serbia) based on the MCDM method. Two methods of multiple attribute decision making, i.e. SAW (simple additive weighting method) and TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution), respectively, were used to compare the proposed waste management strategies (WMS). Each of the created strategies was simulated using the software package IWM2. Total values for eight chosen parameters were calculated for all the strategies. Contribution of each of the six waste treatment options was valorized. The SAW analysis was used to obtain the sum characteristics for all the waste management treatment strategies and they were ranked accordingly. The TOPSIS method was used to calculate the relative closeness factors to the ideal solution for all the alternatives. Then, the proposed strategies were ranked in form of tables and diagrams obtained based on both MCDM methods. As shown in this paper, the results were in good agreement, which additionally confirmed and facilitated the choice of the optimal MSW management strategy.
Comprendre l’expérience de participation des meilleurs contributeurs dans un contexte de crowdsourcing d’activités inventives
Authors: Innocent Morgane , Gabriel Patrick , Divard Ronan
Published: June 2016

Cette recherche a pour but d’identifier les dimensions de l’expérience vécue par les contributeurs dans un contexte de crowdsourcing d’activités inventives. L’étude porte sur 93 témoignages de contributeurs ayant gagné au moins un concours, via trois plateformes majeures de crowdsourcing. Les résultats révèlent une expérience de participation riche de six dimensions. Ainsi, au-delà des dimensions praxéologique, hédonico-sensorielle, rhétorique et temporelle, l’expérience de participation comporte des composantes eudémonique et libératoire. Les dimensions se combinent sous la forme d’un système expérientiel organisé autour de thèmes transversaux comme l’apprentissage ou l’interaction sociale. Ces résultats invitent à l’élaboration d’un contexte expérientiel favorisant l’émergence des six dimensions pour valoriser la richesse, la diversité et le caractère mémorable de la participation.
Migrant Narratives and Ethnographic Tropes
Authors: Coutin Susan Bibler , Vogel Erica
Published: June 2016

Tragic stories of border crossings are often central to accounts of migration, and as ethnographers we are privy to stories of clandestine crossings, painful separations, and unspeakable loss. In the process of writing, ethnographers make these stories central to their own arguments and in so doing, those crossings, separations, and losses become knowable, imaginable, and part of a larger story of global interconnectedness and inequality. Ethnographers of migration write about those who cross borders, who become stuck within borders, or who are forcibly moved across borders because of deportation. Ethnographers thus position themselves at the crossroads of being activists, storytellers, and academics, even as they also locate their informants’ narratives along trajectories of tragedy and possibility.
Ongoing Endings
Authors: Vogel Erica
Published: June 2016

This paper explores intersecting narratives of loss and possibility through the experiences of undocumented Peruvian migrant workers who find previously unimaginable possibilities for migration and love despite—and often because of—their inability to remain in South Korea. In this global space, Peruvians are surrounded by people in transit and are inspired to create long-term plans that would be difficult, if not impossible, were they documented and permanent—such as entering into hurried romantic relationships with other migrants. Forging temporarily permanent legal ties in Korea (such as marrying other undocumented foreigners) can have tragic results, such as when marriages dissolve and one partner disappears with the children into the global realm where the other has no legal or financial means to follow. Through re-telling the narrative, both the migrant and ethnographer locate points of possibility and opportunity, and give voice to otherwise undocumented global stories.
Prediction of Financial Vulnerability to Funding Instability
Authors: Burde Gila , Rosenfeld Ahron , Sheaffer Zachary
Published: June 2016

Financial vulnerability of nonprofit organizations arising from governmental funding instability is examined using hazard analysis. Funding instability is characterized by time-at-risk, and vulnerability is expressed by hazard rate measuring the speed of nonprofit organizations closure. The analysis provides estimation of instantaneous probability of a nonprofit organization failure at a given point in time. Drawing on 2,660 Israeli nonprofit organizations, we found that the relationship between hazard rate and time-at-risk has an inverted U–shape curve; hazard rate increases with time-at-risk, reaches a maximum then descends.
Religious Service Attendance and Volunteering
Authors: Kim Young-Il , Jang Sung Joon
Published: June 2016

Despite methodological advances in studying the relationship between religious attendance and volunteering, its dynamic nature still needs to be elucidated. We apply growth curve modeling to examine whether trajectories of religious attendance and volunteering are related to each other over a 15-year period in a nationally representative sample from the Americans’ Changing Lives data (1986-2002). Multivariate results showed that the rates of change in religious attendance and volunteering were positively related, and excluding religious volunteering did not alter the finding. It was also found that the initial level of religious attendance was positively associated with the rate of increase in volunteer hours over the period. Mediation analyses revealed that participation in voluntary associations explained the dynamic relationships between religious attendance and volunteering. These results provide evidence that involvement in organized religion and volunteering are dual activities that change together over the adult life course.
Research on maintenance optimal policy based on product quality control
Authors: Yang Xiaomei , Zeng Jianchao
Published: June 2016

According to the correlation between product quality and equipment degradation state, an equipment maintenance policy is designed by integrating periodic equipment inspection and product quality control. In this policy, np-chart is used to monitor the abnormal shift of the product quality characteristic based on periodic inspection of the equipment. By considering the inspection result of the product quality shift and equipment degradation state, the corresponding maintenance action is chosen. Furthermore, the optimal maintenance model based on product quality control is proposed and is solved with genetic algorithm. The experimental results validated the feasibility of this model.
Forming limit diagram of Al-Cu two-layer metallic sheets considering the Marciniak and Kuczynski theory
Authors: Hashemi Ramin , Karajibani Ehsan
Published: June 2016

The aim of this research was to introduce a computational approach for prediction of the forming limit diagram of Al-Cu two-layer metallic sheets. The computational approach was based on the modified Marciniak and Kuczynski theory. In this study, the forming limit diagrams of aluminum–copper two-layer metallic sheets were obtained through the modified Marciniak and Kuczynski theory and experimental investigations. In the present modified Marciniak and Kuczynski theory, there existed four nonlinear equations which were solved simultaneously. The Quasi-Newton Method was applied for a solution to the system of equations. To verify the theoretical predictions, the experimental works were accomplished on the Al-Cu two-layer metallic sheets and a good agreement between the proposed method and experimental works was observed.
Motivations for choosing librarianship as a second career among students at the University of British Columbia and the University of Hong Kong
Authors: Lo Patrick , Chiu Dickson K.W. , Dukic Zvjezdana , Cho Allan , Liu Jing
Published: June 2016

The pathway to a career in the Library and Information Science field is rarely straightforward and unidirectional, but is often multi-faceted, with many circuitous detours along the way. There has been an increasing number of second-career in LIS emerging from many other non-LIS-related professions over the years. Many of these newcomers have made significant contributions to the LIS profession as they transfer their years of professional experiences, expertise, knowledge and skills from their former careers into the field. The purpose of this paper is to understand the perceptions and perspectives of the LIS students, and the various factors that influenced these midlife graduate students to consider switching from their current occupations to LIS as a second career.
Understanding Xenophobia in South Africa: The Individual, the State and the International System
Authors: Tella Oluwaseun
Published: June 2016

The 2015 xenophobic attacks are a fresh reminder of anti-immigrant sentiments in South Africa. Since the 2008 xenophobic violence in the country, there has been a growing literature on xenophobia in South Africa. This article contributes to the existing discourse by employing levels of analysis as its analytical framework to analyse the recurrent anti-immigrant attitudes and attacks in South Africa. It concludes that xenophobia is indeed pervasive and that effectively ameliorating this pathology requires a conscious and comprehensive diagnosis of the manifestation of xenophobia at the individual, state and inter-state levels.
Politics of Oil and Gas in Ghana
Authors: Graham Emmanuel , Ackah Ishmael , Gyampo Ransford EdwardVan
Published: June 2016

The discovery of oil should transform economies, since oil revenues can be invested in infrastructure and the non-oil sector. Whilst oil discovery has transformed the economy of countries such as Indonesia, Norway and UK, the story is different in Sub-Saharan Africa. Available evidence in countries like Angola, Equatorial Guinea, and Nigeria suggests that economic growth has an inverse relationship with oil production. Some researchers have attributed this to lack of quality institutions and the politics surrounding oil production. In this study, we take a critical look at the politics of oil production in Ghana and its potential implications for the oil sector and national development.
Multisegment Foot Kinematic and Kinetic Compensations in Level and Uphill Walking Following Tibiotalar Arthrodesis
Authors: Bruening Dustin A. , Cooney Timothy E. , Ray Matthew S. , Daut Gregory A. , Cooney Kevin M. , Galey Stephanie M.
Published: June 2016

Background:

Foot and ankle movement alterations following ankle arthrodesis are still not well understood, particularly those that might contribute to the documented increase in adjacent joint arthritis. Generalized tarsal hypermobility has long been postulated, but not confirmed in gait or functional movements. The purpose of this study was to more thoroughly evaluate compensation mechanisms used by arthrodesis patients during level and uphill gait through a variety of measurement modalities and a detailed breakdown of gait phases.

Methods:

Level ground and uphill gait of 14 unilateral tibiotalar arthrodesis patients and 14 matched controls was analyzed using motion capture, force, and pressure measurements in conjunction with a kinetic multisegment foot model.

Results:

The affected limb exhibited several marked differences compared to the controls and to the unaffected limb. In loading response, ankle eversion was reduced but without a reduction in tibial rotation. During the second rocker, ankle dorsiflexion was reduced, yet was still considerable, suggesting compensatory talar articulation (subtalar and talonavicular) motion since no differences were seen at the midtarsal joint. Also during the second rocker, subjects abnormally internally rotated the tibia while moving their center of pressure laterally. Third rocker plantarflexion motion, moments, and powers were substantially reduced on the affected side and to a lesser extent on the unaffected side.

Conclusion:

Sagittal plane hypermobility is probable during the second rocker in the talar articulations following tibiotalar fusion, but is unlikely in other midfoot joints. The normal coupling between frontal plane hindfoot motion and tibial rotation in early and mid stance was also clearly disrupted. These alterations reflect a complex compensatory movement pattern that undoubtedly affects the function of arthrodesis patients, likely alters the arthrokinematics of the talar joints (which may be a mechanism for arthritis development), and should be considered in future arthrodesis as well as arthroplasty research.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, comparative study.
Talking About School Bullying: News Framing of Who Is Responsible for Causing and Fixing the Problem
Authors: Kim Sei-Hill , Telleen Matthew W.
Published: June 2016

Our content analysis examines how American news media have framed the question of who is responsible for causing and solving the school bullying problem. We identified presence of considerable victim blaming in news coverage. Among potential causes examined, victims and their families were mentioned most often as being responsible. When talking about how to solve the problem, the media were focusing heavily on schools and teachers, while bullies and their families—the direct source of the problem—were mentioned least often. We also found that liberal newspapers were focusing more than conservative papers on social-level responsibilities, while conservative papers were more likely than liberal papers to attribute responsibility to individuals, suggesting that the political orientations of news organizations can affect which level of responsibility will be highlighted. Drawing upon the notion of frame building, we discuss in detail how several internal and external factors of news organizations can affect their selective uses of frames.
Perfusion Index in Very Low Birth Weight Premature Infants During Their First 2 Weeks of Life
Authors: Knobel-Dail Robin B. , Tanaka David T. , Holditch-Davis Diane , White John
Published: June 2016

Background:

Our program of research focuses on thermal and circulatory stability in extremely premature infants. In prior studies, we found that infants have long periods of time in which foot temperature (FT) is higher than central temperature. We thus wanted to determine whether blood flow in the foot is increased when FT is elevated. Perfusion index (PI) can be used as a clinical indicator of peripheral perfusion, but reports on use of PI in premature infants are lacking. We employed exploratory methodology to examine foot perfusion and temperature in very low birth weight infants.

Aims:

For premature infants after birth: (1) describe foot PI values for the first 2 weeks of life and (2) describe the relationship of longitudinal FT and PI.

Study Design:

Case study design with longitudinal FT and PI in 17 infants born at <29 weeks’ gestation with birth weight < 1,200 g for 2 weeks after birth.

Results:

Infants averaged 851 g at birth and were 24–29 weeks’ gestational age. The mean PI across all infants for 14 days was 1.04, SD = 0.79. Using a repeated measures multilevel model approach confirmed that FT and PI were positively related in these infants.

Conclusions:

These findings demonstrate that perfusion is increased in the periphery in extremely premature infants when FT is increased. PI measures can be used as a trend for peripheral perfusion, and these values increase over the first 2 weeks of life in infants weighing more than 750 g.
The lives of the party
Authors: Polk Jonathan , Kölln Ann-Kristin
Published: June 2016

Intraparty politics is a precursor to political parties’ policy proposals, manifestos, selected leaders and candidates, which often involves many actors and is regularly accompanied by tensions. This essay introduces the contents of a special issue devoted to the internal dynamics of political parties in Europe. We connect each contribution of the issue to three key aspects of intraparty research: (1) sources of information on internal party politics and methods of analysis, (2) how contemporary parties reconcile or otherwise address disagreements within the party and (3) the electoral and other ramifications of internal party tensions or divisions. Overall, the comparative case studies and cross-national comparisons across Western and Eastern Europe included in this issue show that considerations of intraparty dynamics advance scholarly research on alliances and coalitions, party organizations and party competition.
Bridging the gap: An exploration of the use and impact of positive action in the United Kingdom
Authors: Davies Chantal M , Robison Muriel
Published: June 2016

Despite laws in Britain permitting limited positive action initiatives to combat disadvantage faced by minority groups in employment since the mid-1970s, the subject has notoriously been a neglected and highly controversial area in the United Kingdom. Notwithstanding the potential provided by sections 158 and 159 of the Equality Act 2010, it still appears that organizations prefer to steer clear of this opportunity to address disadvantage suffered by protected groups. While there is a body of work considering the theoretical importance of positive action in the United Kingdom, there is a lack of empirical exploration of the practical implications of these provisions. This article will provide a brief overview of the theoretical context and current positive action legislative provisions within the United Kingdom. In light of this context, the early findings of a small-scale qualitative study carried out by the authors will be discussed looking at the experiences of a purposive sample of public and private employers in relation to the positive action provisions of the Equality Act 2010. Early research findings suggest that while there was a clear willingness and openness by employers to use of outreach measures in order to redress disadvantage, there was evident wariness regarding a move towards preferential treatment as expounded by section 159. While respondents appeared to appreciate the business case for and utility of the positive action measures under section 158, there was far less enthusiasm for more direct preferential treatment, with many respondents raising serious concerns regarding this. These concerns often reflected a highly sensitive risk-based approach towards any action that could expose their organization to the possibility of ‘reverse discrimination’.
Psychological impacts of challenging behaviour and motivational orientation in staff supporting individuals with autistic spectrum conditions
Authors: Merrick Alistair D , Grieve Alan , Cogan Nicola
Published: June 2016

Despite increased risk of experiencing challenging behaviour, psychological impacts on community and residential staff supporting adults with autistic spectrum conditions are under-explored. Studies examining related roles indicate protective psychological factors may help maintain staff well-being. This study investigated relationships between motivational orientation (eudaimonic or hedonic), challenging behaviour frequency and type (physical, verbal or self-injurious) and psychological impacts (anxiety, depression and life satisfaction). Participants (N = 99) were recruited from six organisations providing autism-specific adult services within Scotland. A series of binary logistic regressions demonstrated weekly challenging behaviour exposure (compared to monthly or daily) significantly increased the likelihood of anxiety caseness. Increased eudaimonic motivation significantly reduced the likelihood of anxiety caseness while also predicting higher life satisfaction. Furthermore, having high levels of eudaimonic motivation appeared to moderate the impact of weekly challenging behaviour exposure on anxiety. No motivational orientation or challenging behaviour factor significantly predicted depression. This sample also demonstrated higher anxiety, lower depression and equivalent life satisfaction levels compared with general population norms. The results highlight the need for considering staff’s motivational orientations, their frequency of exposure to challenging behaviour, and both positive and negative psychological outcomes, if seeking to accurately quantify or improve well-being in this staff population.
Elastoplastic time history analysis of reinforced engineered cementitious composite or engineered cementitious composite–concrete composite frame under earthquake action
Authors: Yuan Fang , Pan Jinlong , Leung Christopher KY
Published: June 2016

Engineered cementitious composite is a class of high-performance cementitious composites with pseudo-strain hardening behavior and excellent crack control capacity. Substitution of concrete with engineered cementitious composite can greatly reduce the cracking and durability problems associated with low tensile strength and brittleness of concrete and can significantly increase structural seismic resistance. In this article, a pair of beam–column joints with various matrix types has been tested under reversed cyclic loading to study the effect of substitution of concrete with engineered cementitious composite in the joint zone on the seismic behaviors of composite members. After that, a simplified constitutive model of engineered cementitious composite under cyclic loading is proposed, and the structural performance of steel reinforced engineered cementitious composite members is simulated by fiber beam elements. The accuracy of the model is verified with test data. Finally, three frame structures with different matrixes subjected to earthquake actions were numerically modeled to verify the contribution of ductile engineered cementitious composite material to structural seismic resistance. The seismic responses or failure mechanisms, deformation patterns, and energy dissipation capacities for each frame structure are analyzed and compared. The simulation results indicate that the application of engineered cementitious composite can reduce the maximum story drift ratio, and the distributions of the dissipated energy are more uniform along the building height when engineered cementitious composite is strategically used in ground columns and beam–column joints of the frame structure. The seismic performance of the reinforced engineered cementitious composite-concrete composite frame is found to be even better than the frame with all concrete replaced by engineered cementitious composite.
Military-industrial complexities, university research and neoliberal economy
Authors: Smart Barry
Published: June 2016

The article provides an analysis of the militarization of scientific research and the scale and consequences of military and defence-related research on university campuses in the United States and United Kingdom. It achieves this through an analysis of the historical background to the complex forms of articulation which have developed between the military, industry and university research. Particular consideration is given to developments in the United States from 1940, including concerns expressed about the impact of an expanding military-industrial complex on the conduct of research in universities. Drawing on critical social and historical research, the article analyses the relationship between universities and colleges and the institution of the military in the United States and the United Kingdom, the symbiotic relationship between neoliberalism and militarism, and, in addition, the consequences for the conduct of research in the natural sciences and the social sciences within universities.
Renegotiating migration experiences: Indonesian domestic workers in Singapore and use of information communication technologies
Authors: Platt Maria , Yeoh Brenda SA , Acedera Kristel Anne , Yen Khoo Choon , Baey Grace , Lam Theodora
Published: June 2016

This article considers the ways in which information communication technologies (ICTs) are embedded in foreign domestic workers’ migration experiences in Singapore. Due to Singapore’s stringent migration regime, whereby foreign domestic workers are required to live-in with their employers, domestic workers often find their access and use of ICTs subject to a high degree of surveillance and regulation by their employers. Using Massey’s notion of power geometry, we consider how increasing reliance upon communications technology by both domestic workers and their employers necessitates a renegotiation of social relations in the household. In doing so, this article demonstrates that foreign domestic workers’ negotiations of ICTs are ‘always ongoing’, creating fluid possibilities for these women to exercise a greater sense of agency within the realm of their daily lives. Yet, we highlight that gaining access to ICTs also requires women to negotiate the inequalities inscribed upon their position as a foreign domestic worker.
Immigration and social capital in a Korean-American women’s online community: Supporting acculturation, cultural pluralism, and transnationalism
Authors: Oh Joong-Hwan
Published: June 2016

This study of a Korean-American women’s online community, also known as the “MissyUSA” community, has incorporated the concept of social capital with an important topic within each of three major migration research areas—legal immigration status in assimilation, the retention of Korean culinary culture in cultural pluralism, and transnational plans in transnationalism. The central argument of this article is that this “MissyUSA” community creates social capital for its online members. One important form of social capital stressed here is social resources that correspond to its online members’ (information seekers) access to valuable information regarding the process of obtaining legal status as documented immigrants, Korean-style cuisines, and their transnational plans. Moreover, social support is also regarded in this study as another form of social capital. In this case, the “MissyUSA” community becomes a network of social supporters by which they (respondents) support its information seekers through the transmission of their knowledge and/or through their positive emotional reactions.
Methodological reflections on research with street youth
Authors: Karabanow Jeff , Kidd Sean , Frederick Tyler , McLuckie Alan , Quick Jacqueline
Published: June 2016

This paper examines both the epistemological and practical limitations and challenges of data collection by reflecting on the experiences of a team of both junior and senior researchers engaged in such a longitudinal study.

Findings

This paper argues that longitudinal research with street youth challenges the boundaries and limits of the formal constructs of research and ethics that typically guide qualitative research by grappling with field issues such as navigating reciprocity, risk and authenticity within relationships with a vulnerable group.

Application

This paper calls for an explicit acknowledgement of the challenges researching populations such as street youth over time in our research ethics guidelines and encourages researchers to engage in dialogue leading to more reflective, transparent and accountable framing of how we collect data in the field with vulnerable youth populations.
Narrative reconstruction and post-traumatic growth among trauma survivors: The importance of narrative in social work research and practice
Authors: Jirek Sarah L
Published: June 2016

A substantial body of theoretical work on meaning-making processes postulates that assisting clients in reconstructing their personal narratives in the aftermath of trauma helps survivors to integrate the traumatic experience into their identities and life stories. However, the relationship between trauma survivors’ (re-)construction of a coherent life narrative and their development of post-traumatic growth (PTG) has rarely been explored. In this study, I conducted life story interviews with 46 university students with trauma histories to examine: (1) How, and to what degree, trauma survivors (re-)construct a coherent life narrative; and (2) If and how this process is connected to the development of PTG. I found that survivors who were able to articulate a coherent story about their lives experienced more PTG, and I identified key characteristics of three stages of post-trauma change. I also found that trauma-related therapy, writing, informal conversations, and self-reflection played important roles in the narrative reconstruction process. I argue that some narratives are easier to reconstruct than others because not all narratives are equally valued in society. The presence or absence of narratives in the discursive environment, the reception these stories receive within society, and the access that individuals have to these narratives are influenced by the historical moment, social norms, politics, power, privilege, and individuals’ social locations. To promote empowerment and social justice, social workers should help trauma survivors to reconstruct their life stories, create spaces for the less-welcomed narratives, and engage in mezzo- and macro-level efforts to address social problems and inequalities.
The Becoming-Statistic
Authors: Sellar Sam , Thompson Greg
Published: June 2016

This article examines how computerized adaptive testing functions in relation to learning in control societies. We first document the transition from static and discrete forms of statistical work that characterized Foucault’s disciplinary societies into the continuous, predictive analytics that have emerged as the powerful form of statistical work in Deleuze’s control societies. We then explore the function of information science ontologies in adaptive testing and learning applications from the perspective of Deleuze’s philosophical ontology. Working between these two conceptions of ontology enables us to open a critical space in which to posit the need for an alternative ontology of number in education. Focusing on the case of Pearson, the world’s largest edu-business, we consider how the “datafication” of education is presenting opportunities to exploit information assemblages for profit. The primary focus of analysis is Pearson’s Next Generation Assessment agenda, which focuses on the development and implementation of computerized adaptive testing within a broader digital learning environment. Next Generation Assessment is theorized as an information assemblage that functions according to an axiomatic modeling of numerical data enabling the production and communication of information throughout proliferating data infrastructures in education. We argue that the shift from “becoming a statistic” in disciplinary society to “the becoming-statistic” in control society is facilitating the development of digital learning platforms that risk limiting the conditions for learning in the creative sense of this term.
The Restorative and Transformative Power of the Arts in Conflict Resolution
Authors: Bang April Hyoeun
Published: June 2016

The discipline of the arts has much to contribute to the field of conflict resolution. This article broadly investigates how artistic engagement facilitates transformative learning and the development of skills and capacities for more constructive engagement with conflict. Many scholar practitioners have acknowledged the widespread use of arts-based approaches to peacebuilding and conflict resolution. While it is important to know what forms of arts-based approaches are utilized today, more empirical work is needed to explain and evaluate how engagement with the arts could foster cooperative relationships and more constructive engagement with conflict even in contexts of intractable conflict. An initial review of the literature, alongside examples of practice and personal reflections, highlights the restorative and transformative power of the arts to foster new perspectives, enhanced capacities for more constructive engagement with conflict, and ultimately, cooperative relationships.
Quantitative EEG Neurometric Analysis–Guided Neurofeedback Treatment in Postconcussion Syndrome (PCS): Forty Cases. How Is Neurometric Analysis Important for the Treatment of PCS and as a Biomarker?
Authors: Surmeli Tanju , Eralp Emin , Mustafazade Ilham , Kos Ismet Hadi , Özer Gül Elif , Surmeli Orkun H.
Published: June 2016

Postconcussion syndrome (PCS) has been used to describe a range of residual symptoms that persist 12 months or more after the injury, often despite a lack of evidence of brain abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans. In this clinical case series, the efficacy of quantitative EEG–guided neurofeedback in 40 subjects diagnosed with PCS was investigated. Overall improvement was seen in all the primary (Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire, Clinical Global Impressions Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale) and secondary measures (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Test of Variables for Attention). The Neuroguide Traumatic Brain Index for the group also showed a decrease. Thirty-nine subjects were followed up long term with an average follow-up length of 3.1 years (CI = 2.7-3.3). All but 2 subjects were stable and were off medication. Overall neurofeedback treatment was shown to be effective in this group of subjects studied.
Virtual Total Control: Escaping a Simulated Prison
Authors: Levan Kristine , Downing Steven
Published: June 2016

Previous studies have examined media portrayals of total control and institutionalization in prison, and a few studies have considered the connection between media portrayals and depictions of prison escape attempts. The current inquiry seeks to fill this gap in the literature through an autoethnographic case study of the video game The Escapists, in which players assume the role of an inmate whose ultimate goal is to escape prison amid an environment populated by other nonplayer character inmates and guards. In this inquiry, specific attention is paid to the player’s experiences as a subject of control from guards, inmates, surveillance systems, and the prison construct, and how these interactions contextualize and potentially motivate the player to attempt escape. Connections between virtual and real-world escape attempts are discussed. Conceptual and theoretical links between total control and interactive experiences of simulated prison life, as well as implications of this study, are examined.
Serious Adverse Events Reports
Authors: Tripathi Raakhi K. , Marathe Padmaja A. , Kapse Sandip V. , Shetty Yashashri C. , Kamat Sandhya K. , Thatte Urmila M.
Published: June 2016

The Indian regulations for clinical trials were amended in January 2013 regarding reporting time lines, relatedness, and compensation for Serious Adverse Events (SAEs). Our study assessed the extent of regulatory compliance in reporting SAEs to the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) over 4 years (January 2009-January 2013) before and 18 months after (February 2013-July 2014) the amended regulations. SAE reports were studied retrospectively for reporting time lines, relatedness, compensation, and IEC response before and after the law revision. Before 2013 had 89/160 (55.6%) SAEs reports submitted late while in the after period, only 2/11 reports were delayed (18%). In the before period, 26 SAE reports mentioned “relatedness” of which only 15 (57.6%) stated about compensation. After 2013, all the 9 non-death reports were complete. The IEC took median 17 days to respond before 2013, while after 2013 responded within 5 days. Thus, there was poor compliance in terms of SAE reporting time lines before the revision of the law.
Evolving power dynamics in an unconventional, powerless ethics committee
Authors: Tolich Martin , Marlowe Jay
Published: June 2016

A previous research ethics article by the authors provided evidence to support the claim that the New Zealand Ethics Committee (NZEC) was a powerless ethics committee. Ethics review applicants were not formally obliged to seek ethics review, and any committee recommendations were given on a ‘take it or leave it’ basis. One year later, the capacity of applications has doubled, and NZEC finds its core assumptions challenged as funders and government agencies now compel contracted researchers to make use of this free service. Moreover, NZEC has expanded into research areas inhabited by market researchers, long shy of ethics review. Review requirements and remit expansion challenges some, but not all, aspects of NZEC’s assumption of powerlessness as NZEC remains committed to research ethics, not research governance, and it adheres to the principles of the New Brunswick Declaration to respect applicants the same way it expects applicants to respect participants. This annual survey of applicants makes NZEC accountable to its applicants, providing evidence once more that NZEC’s expeditious and cordial review of applications is considered different from traditional ethics review.
A qualitative investigation into the role of the caddie in elite-level golf
Authors: Pilgrim Jarred , Robertson Sam , Kremer Peter
Published: June 2016

The aim of this study was to determine the nature of the caddie's role in the decision-making, psychological conditioning and tournament preparation of elite-level golfers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 elite-level golfers (17–24 years; 15 males and 2 females) and 6 caddies (29–42 years; 6 males). Data were transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis techniques. Analysis produced four main findings: (1) the caddie's role in decision-making was to provide information, assist in shot selection, and provide feedback of the golfer’s club selection; (2) the caddie’s role in psychological conditioning was to maintain the golfer’s high performance state using a variety of cognitive and attentional strategies; (3) caddies assist in tournament preparation by ‘mapping' to plan strategy and record the important characteristics of the course prior to a competitive event; and (4) although the benefits of the caddie were recognised, golfers were dissatisfied with the quality of caddies available. The findings of this study provide guidelines for the best practice of caddies. Additionally, the development of a prerequisite document or ‘caddie contract’ was proposed as an appropriate solution to the issue of golfer discontent in caddie quality. The application of this knowledge has implications for National Sporting Organisations, performance enhancement in the sport, and the development of more effective working relationships between elite golfers and their caddies.