bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Joseph Kosuth and ethics as a mediator between meaning and emptiness.
Authors: Fonseca Jorge Pedro
Published: May 2023

Joseph Kosuth’s “One and Three Chairs” is considered the materialization of his 1969 essay “Art after Philosophy”, where he defined Conceptual Art, in which Meaning relied solely in its authors mind, expressed through a tireless repetition. Although this kind of reiteration could become means for an understanding, the fact that no effort was made (so to speak) in explaining one’s personal views, deprived the observer of the needed resources for its interpretation. Here lies a dilemma where Conceptual Art can be criticised, since, if an artist can hide behind the observer’s lack of understanding, he can, in fact, propose something that, also for him, is devoid of meaning. This is why Kosuth’s work may consist not in the materialization of Conceptual Art itself, but in the defence that at the foundation of an artist's work there must be strong ethical values, manifested precisely through a correlation between Sign, Signifier and Signified, in which “One and Three Chairs”, and his subsequent work, repeatedly dwells, defending the expression of an honesty that should guide Conceptual Art, in its own defence, but also of its authors’ and appreciators’ defence.
Trajetória do Design de Interiores sob a perspectiva da profissionalização
Authors: Glória Barbosa Paula , Safar Giselle Hissa , Carpintero Rezende Edson José
Published: May 2023

A história do Design de Interiores pode ser narrada sob diferentes aspectos. Pode ser contada por meio da biografia de profissionais de relevo, da produção das artes decorativas, na relação com a arquitetura e as artes plásticas, entre tantas outras possibilidades. Este trabalho analisa as principais transformações vivenciadas pela atividade em seu processo de profissionalização. Para tanto, fez-se indispensável compreender brevemente, o contexto histórico em que essa evolução se deu, destacando-se o francês dos séculos XVII e XVIII, o inglês dos séculos XVIII e XIX e o estadunidense do século XX, que fizeram com que esses países, cada qual em seu tempo, liderassem a profissionalização do Design de Interiores. Esses influentes contextos tornaram-se espelho para o desenvolvimento da profissão em diversos países, inclusive o Brasil.
Desenvolvimento do Pensamento Crítico
Authors: Da silva Ana , Bárrios Jorge , Sá Kátia
Published: May 2023

Este artigo pretende analisar o  desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico sobre questões de género no contexto da formação no ensino superior tomando como caso de estudo a proposta “Género(s)” que visou a realização de um projeto transdisciplinar articulado entre as Unidades Curriculares de Oficina de Artes, Tecnologias e Multimédia IV (OATM IV) — módulos de Escultura e Arte Multimédia — e de Teoria da Arte, do 2.º semestre do ano letivo de 2019/2020, de forma a convidar a uma reflexão sobre a questão do Género e a despertar o pensamento crítico.

No decorrer do processo, constatámos que os alunos mobilizaram e desenvolveram   pensamento crítico de forma a ultrapassar, de forma criativa, os estereótipos sobre questões de género.

Deste modo, consideramos que a produção artística e/ou a interpretação de obras de arte estimulam o pensamento autónomo, capaz de lidar com situações novas, através da projeção de várias hipóteses alternativas. Concluímos, assim, que a educação artística é um local privilegiado para estimular e desenvolver pensamento crítico, sem recorrer a ideias pré-concebidas, sendo por isso, potencialmente, apto a combater os estereótipos de classe, cultura ou  género e, deste modo, contribuir para a criação de valores orientadores de uma ação socialmente justa.
Influence of total quality management on employee’s perception of SQ, in context of healthcare sector; Pakistan
Authors: Jamal Sadia , Waseem Syeda Nazneen
Published: May 2023

To examine influence of total quality management on perceived quality services, to identify how training and knowledge sharing impact as moderating variables and mediated by organizational culture. Non-probability convenience sampling strategy was utilized for sampling. Cross sectional study design for data collection from doctors, nurses, administrative employees and others of tertiary care hospital in Karachi. It was determined that positive outcomes of TQM in SQ in the Pakistani health sector with the aid of OC mediation demonstrate that if businesses successfully adopt TQM practices, it will improve SQ score even in private hospitals. while top-management commitment and support from the government are essential for achieving ambitious objectives. In our research, the private sector's moderation effects based on training in quality management are excellent, though knowledge sharing may serve us less in both sectors. The research can be used to understanding how specialist training projects in public and private hospitals can promote TQM adoption can be influenced by dedicated training programs in public and private hospitals.
Assessing the Impact of Strategic Implementation of Circular Economy on the Competitive Advantage of Canadian Manufacturing Firms
Authors:   McGill University, Munro Margarete J.,
Published: May 2023

This literature-based study assessed the influence of strategically implementing circular economy principles on the competitive advantage of manufacturing firms in Canada. Circular economy strategies, which are characterized by reduced resource input, waste, emission, and energy leakage, have risen in importance due to growing global sustainability concerns. Despite the known environmental and economic benefits of transitioning to a circular economy, a comprehensive understanding of its specific impact on competitive advantage has remained relatively unexplored, particularly within the context of the Canadian manufacturing sector. Through a systematic review and analysis of existing literature, this study illuminated the methods that firms adopted for this strategic transition. Such methods included the establishment of closed-loop supply chains, the integration of eco-design, and the shift towards product-as-a-service models. The study also identified and analyzed the challenges encountered during this process, including technical, financial, regulatory, and market barriers, and how firms strategically adapted to overcome these obstacles. The study finally examined the competitive outcomes of these circular economy strategies, assessing their impact on operational efficiency, cost savings, brand reputation, customer loyalty, and market differentiation. The research suggested that effectively implemented circular economy strategies could significantly enhance the sustainability and long-term resilience of Canadian manufacturing firms, while also contributing to competitive advantage. . Keywords: Circular Economy, Strategic Implementation, Competitive Advantage, Canadian Manufacturing Firms, Literature-Based Study
Entrepreneurial Orientation and Competitive Advantage of Quoted Pharmaceutical Companies in Nigeria
Authors:   Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria, Akpa V. O
Published: May 2023

Pharmaceutical companies play a significant role in ensuring that people have access to high-quality and affordable medical services. They provide a wide range of medical services, from preventative care to emergency services. Despite the contribution of pharmaceutical companies to the social and economic growth of citizens in both developed and developing countries, their performance may not have been as expected. This is evident in the poor level of competitive advantage, decline in market share growth, dwindling financial growth, decline in productivity and customer retention. This study investigated the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on competitive advantage of quoted pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research design. The population of the study was 308 executive manager, directors and marketing department official in these quoted pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria. Data was collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire with a Cronbach alpha value greater than 0.7. Data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential tools. Multiple and Hierarchical Regression Analysis were used to determine the effect of the variables using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The results revealed that entrepreneurial orientation had significant effect on competitive advantage of quoted pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria (Adj. R2 = 0.265; F (5, 296) = 22.726, p < 0.05). The study expanded the frontier of knowledge on Nigerian pharmaceutical industry performance by unbundling entrepreneurial orientation to see how each element affected competitive advantage. The study is an original study and it adds to scholarly debate on entrepreneurial orientation and competitive advantage of quoted pharmaceutical companies as the adoption of managers’ perspectives was subjective, and competitive advantage is not static, hence secondary data could be a future option for scholars. Keywords: Entrepreneurial orientation, Competitive advantage, Competitive Aggressiveness, Entrepreneurial autonomy, Innovation.
Beneficiaries’ Participation and Performance of Non-Governmental Projects in Rwanda: A Case of Socio-Economic Development Empowerment Project in Optima Organization
Authors:   Mount Kenya University, Mukarurinda Marie Therese
Published: May 2023

This research was based on the effect of Beneficiaries participation on the performance of non-governmental project in Rwanda, a case of socio-economic development empowerment project in Optima organization. The objectives of the study were: To determine the effect of beneficiaries engagement in planning on the performance of socio-economic development empowerment project in Optima organization, to assess the effect of involvement of beneficiaries in implementation on the performance of socio-economic development empowerment project in Optima organization, to establish the effect of beneficiaries engagement in monitoring on the performance of socio-economic development empowerment project in Optima organization. Researcher used a descriptive and case study research design. 154 was considered as the target population, and a sample size of 111 was used as respondents. The respondents were chosen using a stratified and simple random sampling method, is the way of giving everyone in each stratum an equal chance to take part in the study. Research used both primary and secondary data collection techniques. A questionnaire was utilized to gather primary data, and a documentary review was performed to collect secondary data. The researchers assigned the questionnaires with codes and proceed to enter them into the solutions product and Social Sciences for analysis. Data was then analyzed in the form of frequencies, percentages standard deviations and means, inferential statistical and presented in table. Beneficiaries participation influences performance of socio-economic development empowerment project in Optima organization at Regression analysis of r=73.8%. The study concluded that beneficiary’s participation contributes significantly to the performance of socio-economic development empowerment project in Optima organization. In recommendation, policy makers should make policies considering to the involvement of beneficiaries at all levels of projects development. Moreover, the research recommended project managers at national and local levels, to improve the level beneficiaries participate in project planning phase. Lastly, the research urged non-governmental organizations to ensure that beneficiaries participate actively in projects development at all levels. Keywords: Beneficiary Engagement, Socio-economic Impact, Performance Evaluation, Monitoring Empowerment Metrics, Project performance.
DOES COVID-19 PANDEMIC HAS IMPACT ON MILLENNIALS' PROPENSITY TO INDEBTEDNESS THROUGH E-MARKETING?
Authors: Ghaouri Mohamed Hamza , Kassim Salina
Published: May 2023

The introduction of electronic marketing (e-marketing) has a huge impact on consumer behavior as products are brought closer to consumers and barriers are lifted by breaking the time and physical constraints in marketing activities. A pertinent question to ask if the COVID-19 pandemic have further increased the tendency of consumers’ involvement in e-marketing? This study aims to explore the impact of e-marketing on the propensity to indebtedness among the Millennials in Malaysia during the COVID-19 outbreak. According to the literature, the purchasing intention and behavior of consumers are influenced by advertising in its various forms. Constant exposure to advertisements encourages people to make unplanned purchases and increases the likelihood of tolerating compulsive shopping. As a result, financial complications and over-spending are the most obvious problems associated with compulsive shopping, as people more often spend beyond their means. With the temptations presented by marketers and easy access to a wide range of payment methods, the financial well-being of customers, especially the technology-oriented generation, is threatened. Thus, it is expected that being constantly exposed to e-marketing could lead to risky financial situations, with greater tendency to incur debt. In testing this hypothesis, the study adopts a quantitative research to determine the impact of e-marketing on respondents' tendency towards indebtedness. A survey was conducted for data collection, with relevant questionnaires being designed to address this issue in the context of the undergraduate and postgraduate students at several universities in Malaysia. In analyzing the data, descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis techniques were applied using the SPSS and AMOS software.
THE AWARENESS OF EDUCATION TAKAFUL AMONG CONSUMERS IN KUCHING, SARAWAK
Authors: Wan Jusoh Wan Noor Hazlina , Noreffendi Aiman Da’an
Published: May 2023

Having a perfect education is among the factors that contribute towards developing a happy life and one of the five indispensables protected in maqasid al-Shari’ah. As a result, takaful agencies have produced education plans which help parents save and invest enough money for the future of their children’s education. In Malaysia, the understanding on the importance of takaful is still lacking especially about the education takaful. Therefore, this research is to investigate the issues regarding the awareness of education takaful in Kuching, Sarawak. The objective of this study is to explore the awareness of education takaful among the citizens in Kuching, Sarawak towards education takaful. This qualitative study employed semi-structured online interviews with three takaful agents and eight parents who agreed to be interviewed. The results of this study indicated that the level of awareness of education takaful in Kuching, Sarawak is still considered low.
The Impact of Slow Infusion Intermittent Feeding on Gavage Feeding-Associated Cardiorespiratory Deterioration in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Infants
Authors: Kim Mi Jin , Kim Hyun Su , Jung Young Hwa , Choi Chang Won
Published: May 2023

Purpose: Infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) often show cardiorespiratory deterioration during gavage feeding. We aimed to determine whether slow infusion intermittent feeding (SIIF) can reduce respiratory deterioration during gavage feeding in preterm infants in the NICU.Methods: Data on preterm infants whose gavage feeding method was changed to SIIF (1-­­hour infusion with an infusion pump and 2-­hour rest within a 3­-hour interval) from bolus gravity feeding (2-­ or 3-­hour interval) due to feeding­-associated cardiorespiratory deterioration were retrospectively reviewed. A significant cardiorespiratory event was defined as a saturation level below 80% or heart rate below 80 bpm. We compared the frequency of cardiorespiratory events and the level of respiratory support 24 hours before and after the application of SIIF.Results: A total of 34 infants were enrolled and analyzed. The total frequency of desaturation or bradycardia significantly decreased after SIIF application (8.94 vs. 5.03, P=0.001). The frequency of feeding-­related bradycardia and desaturation also significantly decreased (4.15 vs. 1.68, P=0.008). Out of 34 patients, 11 (32.4%) had a decreased level of ventilator support within 1 day after SIIF. The respiratory severity scores of the 10 patients who received invasive ventilator support decreased significantly after SIIF (5.24 vs. 4.59, P=0.032).Conclusion: SIIF significantly decreased gavage feeding­-associated cardiorespiratory events and reduced respiratory support in approximately one-­third of subjects. Therefore, SIIF may be a therapeutic option for gavage feed-­associated respiratory deterioration in preterm infants in the NICU.
Analysis on the Control Strategies of Hip Exoskeletons and Exosuits
Authors: Pan Mingyu
Published: May 2023

Lower limb exoskeleton has been proven to be effective in gait training and locomotion assistance. Specifically, control strategies of exoskeletons play the most important role in safe and effective interaction between the user, the exoskeleton, and the environment. In this paper, an analysis on the control strategies of hip exoskeletons and exosuits is performed. The controls are divided into three levels: high, medium, and low. The definition of high-level control as well as the corresponding control methods are listed and the principle of each is explained. Then, the mid-level control section is divided between detection and action layer and each control that belongs to one of the two categories is analyzed. The definition of low-level control and its control methods are then explained. At last, according to the results of various studies, the advantages and potential disadvantages of each method are put forward. The purpose of this paper is to provide reference and guidance for future researchers who hope to develop new controls or improve existing control strategies for hip exoskeletons and exosuits.
Factors of Knee Joint Injury and Rehabilitation Measures
Authors: Wang Shuwen
Published: May 2023

Knee joint is one of the most important joints to participate in human daily activities and various sports. However, at present, knee joint injuries are still common for both athletes and ordinary people. Wrong exercise style and bad living habits will cause knee joint injury. Weak rehabilitation concept after knee joint injury also leads to poor prognosis in most cases of knee joint injury. Based on the above background, this paper will analyze and sort out the causes of knee joint injury, and explore the rehabilitation methods after injury, so as to provide ideas for future research on knee joint protection and rehabilitation after injury.
The Advance of Maternal Health and Fetal Outcomes
Authors: Ma Ziyuan
Published: May 2023

Maternal health and fetal outcomes have become one of the global public health issues. Among all factors, maternal nutrition and psychological stress play the significant role in the physical and mental health of newborns. Improper nutrition or excessive psychological stress may lead to a series of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as congenital malformations, neuropsychological defects and mental disorders, such as autism (AD), schizophrenia and attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Clinically, it can be intervened in a variety of ways. In terms of nutrition, such as folic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, choline and leucine, it can be supplemented with multiple nutrients. In terms of psychology, it can be family-based intervention and mindfulness-based plan to alleviate maternal stress and maternal depression. Most of the clinical studies tend to supplement nutrition or psychological intervention. The research on combination therapy needs to further explore its clinical effectiveness and whether it can achieve the effect of one plus one more than two.
Current Status and Challenges of Malaria in Zambia
Authors: Ma Zhiyang , Xia Bangjie , Xie Wencan
Published: May 2023

Malaria is a mosquito-borne infection caused by the Plasmodium parasite, which infects a person carrying the parasite through mosquito bites or blood transfusions. It is the world's leading parasitic disease. There are four species of Plasmodium in the human body, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale. More than 100 countries and regions are reported to be affected by malaria to varying degrees. Malaria has a high incidence in Zambia, which seriously endangers people's life and health, and increases the social and economic burden of the affected communities to a certain extent. In addition, the number of malaria deaths remains high, the number of malaria cases has even risen, and the eradication of malaria has stagnated. Therefore, timely and accurate diagnosis is of great significance to effectively prevent malaria, control its spread, and give patients early treatment. This article describes the current progress and challenges of malaria elimination in Zambia, and Outlines current malaria elimination strategies and key interventions.
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Sport-related Concussion
Authors: Li Chunhao
Published: May 2023

Concussion is a serious injury with potential long-term cognitive complications. Due to the prevalence of undiagnosed concussions and their detriments to health, concussion treatment and prevention are important topics of exploration. By investigating concussion diagnosis and management, the types of treatment, and preventive methods, this study demonstrates the positive role of active rehabilitation in concussion management. It presents opportunities for future studies to focus on more specific types of exercise and possible rule regulations. Results show that concussion symptoms may vary according to severity, from minor headaches and loss of concentration to depression, dementia, and impaired cognitive function. Clinical or syndromic concussion diagnosis is the most used and reliable subjective assessment method in the contemporary health and scientific field. Immediate removal from sport and vigorous exercise is crucial after athletes experience a concussion to avoid exacerbating the symptoms or causing an additional concussion. Contrary to the belief of complete rest after a concussion, early sub-symptom aerobic exercise and a gradual return to sports participation are important and effective measures for concussion treatment. Patients experiencing prolonged symptoms may also benefit from aerobic exercises. Additionally, there is no effective equipment for preventing concussions in the current sports world. Sports rule changes and education could be efficacious in preventing concussions.
Privacy Issues in Big Data in Medicine
Authors: Lin Jiazhen
Published: May 2023

With the rapid development of machine learning and artificial intelligence, the digital world is generating data at an alarming rate. This big data is bringing life to the development of medicine, from monitoring the safety of drugs, to the allocation of medical resources, to the diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases. But the development of big data also brings many risks and challenges, and it is particularly important to deal with the privacy of the data. Big data in medicine includes biological data, biometric data and e-health data, which are used by multiple organizations such as academia, medical institutions, and government departments. On the one hand, the data is widely used, and on the other hand, the public's idea of data protection is getting stronger and stronger, and many problems have arisen over time. This article concludes from the previous literature that more and more data are being used in an unregulated way and more people think they have lost control over data because of the incomplete aspects of the law and the difficulty for the government to control the level of privacy protection in some cases.
The Role of Gene Therapy for Primary Immunodeficiency
Authors: Ni Weizhao , Yu Ziyi
Published: May 2023

Primary Immunodeficiency disease (PID) is a wide genre of inborn defects that affect the patients immune system. More than 430 distinct phenotypes have been reported and more are being identified. Traditional treatments to PID include clearance or prevention of infections, avoidance of exposure to pathogen and live vaccines, immunoglobulin replacement therapy, and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Mostly HSCT would be the only feasible radical solution, while others only offer temporary suppression of the condition. On the other hand, with the advancements in technology, gene therapy starts to show promising effects in multiple diseases including PID. In this review, we mainly discussed the effect and resent progresses of gene therapy on two common kinds of PID, SCID and WAS.
Role of Intermittent Energy Restriction (IER) in Weight Loss and Metabolic Parameters of Overweight/Obese Patients
Authors: Wang Yufan
Published: May 2023

Currently, obesity became a prevalence concern in terms of its scale and health-related impact among the global. Medical comprehensive intervention among dietary pattern and living manners are recommended by guidelines as foundation of obesity treatment. Identifying alternative dietary weight loss strategies become a common and safe choice for many obsess peoples medical consolers and clinical doctors. Many positive impacts of Intermittent Energy Restriction (IER) have been suggested by preliminary study, but it still lacks well-powered intervention studies. This passage objects at clarify the metabolic parameters, summarized evidence of preclinical studies of IERs role in used as a weight loss strategy compared to other common strategies the guideline recommended, for instance, continuous energy restriction (CER), etc. Specifically, the randomized studies last 8-26 weeks performing in overweight and obsess adults. The result is compared in a paradigm of IER with CER, suggesting the outcome of weight loss and change in biomarkers of metabolic parameters. The evidence suggests that IER produce positive impact on weight loss and some positive but indirect effect on metabolic diseases.
Treating Mental Illness with Dietary Improvement
Authors: Que Junjie
Published: May 2023

Eating a well-rounded diet has therapeutic effects on many health issues facing humanity today, such as cardiovascular events and diabetes, because all critical chemicals in mood regulation can be sourced from whole-natural food. A consensus on the important role diet plays in producing healthy outcomes can be reached through discussions around the gut-brain axis, mood-regulating neurotransmitters, and their close connection with food. Existing studies on diet and mental health have accomplished certain levels of success. More data across geographical locations and cultures is needed for dietary practices to be established as a treatment option for psychiatric disorders. Current treatment in psychoactive drugs is effective in the short term, but evidence suggests that it sets individuals up for a higher chance of relapse in the long run. The role of nutrients in mood regulation should be emphasized in both the disease prevention and recovery process. This article provides an outlook for using dietary therapy as an alternative treatment method for mental illness.
Application of Non-invasive Brain-computer Interface in Neurodegenerative Disorder Diseases
Authors: Liu Ancheng , Wang Hongyun
Published: May 2023

Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) are characterized by gradual loss of selectively susceptible neuron populations, usually presented by cognitive disorder and movement ability impairment, and cause great distress to patients and those close to them. The diagnosis and rehabilitation of NDs have been an unsolved challenge for many years, but brain-computer interface (BCI), a vigorously growing research area, may provide a promising tool to solve the problems. Here, we first briefly introduced the working principle of BCI, then take a few of the most common neurodegenerative diseases as an example to introduce the nowadays BCI application on NDs diagnosis and rehabilitation. This article will help researchers to gain a general understanding and appreciation of this field, and provide assistance for related studies.
Efficiencies in the Use of Nanorobots in Targeted Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Cancers
Authors: Mandrekar Shruti D.
Published: May 2023

Cancer has been one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Accurate diagnosis of these cancers often takes time and traditional treatments may cause harmful side effects on the patients. Nanotechnology has provided revolutionary breakthroughs in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers due to the biocompatibility, accessibility, control, and targeting characteristics of the nanoparticles. This research study focuses on the use of nanoparticles and nanorobots for targeted drug delivery specific to the tumor cells to minimize the adverse side effects of cancer treatment. There are various studies of nanoparticles that have been found to contribute to the drug delivery process. These include Cornell Dots (C Dots), bioadhesive nanoparticles, logic-gated nanorobots, and self-propelled autonomous nanorobots. Some of these nanoparticles, like C Dots, focus on the detection of the tumor and signifying the tumor location. Others, such as bioadhesive nanoparticles, are designed for the release of drug candidates once the tumor is detected. This research study aims to identify recommendations for improving upon drug delivery to target tumor cells using combined approaches from these studied uses of nanoparticles. One focus is the use of multi-gated aptamers to release drugs based on certain conditions being met, thus opening the nanostructure to release the drugs. Another option would be the controlled release of a drug using gated aptamers with bioadhesive properties. If these recommendations can be successfully evaluated in laboratory research then it will significantly reduce the need for high doses of chemotherapy, increase the treatment efficiency, and also minimize the side effects of these anti-cancer drugs on the patient.
Analysis and Comparison of Synthesis Route of Small Molecule Kinase Inhibitors Tofacitinib
Authors: Sun Yujun , Zhu Hongyu
Published: May 2023

Tofacitinib is one of the Janus activated kinase inhibitors, and the compound is characteristic of its high-throughput screening and lead optimization of its role as a JAK3 inhibitor in the cure of autoimmune diseases and organ transplant rejection. It can be used to the recovery of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. In this article, we will introduce tofacitinibs background and meaning, and then its function as a molecule kinase inhibitor. It has advantage on the remedy of inflammatory diseases. The initial synthesis procedure of tofacitinib is comparatively complicated and the cost is unaffordable. Thus, three synthesis routes are discussed, and the upsides and downsides of methods from aspects of atomic economy, reaction yield, purity and safety are analyzed. Tofacitinibs mechanism and application are further introduced. Although the three synthesis routes of tofacitinib introduced in this paper still have many shortcomings, we put forward some improvement ideas for the future synthesis routes and put forward the possibility of its future application.
The Current Status and Potential Mechanism of Sleepiness: Narcolepsy
Authors: XI Gaoxing , WAN Yuchen , WU Yoyo
Published: May 2023

In modern society, narcolepsy had been a threat to the world for a long time. Due to the high societal pressure, narcolepsy is more and more common to be detected. Patients with narcolepsy report excessive daytime sleepiness, which can lead to serious consequences in the future if left untreated. Narcolepsy typically manifests in adolescence.[1] According to incomplete statistics, in 2017 there is a total of more than 140 million people that were confirmed that they were suffering from Narcolepsy cautiously. Narcolepsy has five main symptoms, which are clear to be diagnosed: excessive daytime sleep attack sometimes cataplexy and hypnagogic hallucinations, but the most common symptoms are sleep paralysis and nocturnal sleep. Some main causes, treatments, and solutions are also important to be understood. The paper aims at providing information about this serious brain condition and the potential solutions if individuals are under attack.
Effects of Pectin on Intestinal Microbiota and Human Health
Authors: Jiang Pan , Ren Yongyan , Zhang Yingyun
Published: May 2023

Gut microbes are important players in human metabolism and their genomes are abundant in genes that regulate the metabolism of SFCAs, methane, amino acids, and carbohydrates. Pectin is a water-soluble dietary fiber, an abundant heteropolysaccharide in the main and intermediate cellular lamellae of plant cell walls. Pectin is degraded by a varied group of microorganisms residing in the human gut, which depolymerize pectin by secreting both cell-bound and extracellular enzymes to produce monosaccharides. The pectin fermentation degradation pathway is the main mechanism for the degradation of carbohydrates that cannot be digested in human GIT, and the end products include SCFAs, ethanol, CO2 and H2. The makeup of intestinal microbiota is impacted by these products. Additionally, the effect of pectin on intestinal microbial fractions is related to the structure of pectin, the intestinal environment and the degree of pectin esterification. Moreover, pectin itself and pectin degradation products contribute to human health by influencing intestinal microorganisms. Pectin is effective in modifying allergies to sensitization, reducing body composition and has a preventive effect on type I diabetes.
Methods to Reduce Matrix Effect Corresponding to Different Methods
Authors: Sun Yuanxin
Published: May 2023

In this paper, LC-MS / MS is the main technology used to detect the toxins that cause diarrhea shellfish poisoning in shellfish toxins, including okadaic acid (OA) or its analogues, the dynophysistoxins (DTXds), spectenotoxin (PTX), yessotoxin and its derivatives (YTX) and azaspiracid (AZA). It is mainly found that when analyzing drugs in biological samples based on LC-MS / MS, Some extracts in the sample may affect the ionization efficiency of the target compound and thus affect the detection results, especially phospholipids. Based on the efforts made and innovative methods provided by other experimental methods that use this method to analyze other substances to solve or mitigate matrix effects, this paper proposes a potential solution to provide a reference way to solve matrix effects caused by phospholipids in DSP toxin detection, that is, three-step microelement can be used in the process.
Treatment of Tetrodotoxin Poisoning
Authors: Li Sophie Yushuo
Published: May 2023

Tetrodotoxin (TTX), a natural toxin found in pufferfish and other organisms causes poisoning in many people who consume inadequately prepared fugu, a Japanese delicacy containing pufferfish. TTX functions as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker and is highly toxic, with current treatment being only supportive. This review summarizes the current state of treatment of TTX poisoning, including current treatments and supportive care along with potential treatments from anti-TTX antibodies and vaccines tested in mice, but not yet in humans. Current treatment of TTX poisoning contains offering the patient respiratory support and treating the poisoning symptomatically. Multiple antibodies and antiserums against TTX have been developed and tested both in vitro and in vivo, and showed anti-TTX effect in mice, but not yet advanced to the stage of human testing.
Effects of Air Pollutants on Respiratory Viral Infection
Authors: Liu Zhixuan
Published: May 2023

Air pollution is one of the leading causes of respiratory viral infection. Particulate matter (PM2.5) is an example of air pollution that incorporates virus and bacteria small enough to float in the atmosphere. Which with its involvement within the respiratory system causes multiple cases that originated from simplicity to more complicated situation. In this review, different micro-material / gaseous were discussed. The function of microbiome located in the respiratory tract and how immune system would react in the presence of air pollution to respiratory viral infection
The Prediction of Evolutionary Trend for Coloration of Mammals under the Influence of Climate Change
Authors: Guo Jincao
Published: May 2023

Like humans getting tanned after sunbath, mammals around the world may also change their coloration according to the dynamic environment. Such changes primarily aim for better camouflage, but it also comes with some linked physiological changes for mammals to potentially have better fitness. The article predicts the overall evolutionary trend of mammal coloration using case studies across different species in distinct geographical locations. The article focuses on the explanation of animal coloration mechanism and the comparison between the potential fitness of the same species of mammals with different colorations. As demonstrated by most case studies, the evolutionary trend of mammal coloration is to become darker. Such an evolutionary trend is promoted in which darker coloration brings better fitness for the mammal for the purpose of better camouflage and more adapted physiology to the environment under the influence of climate change.
Impact of Continued Infrastructural Development on Wildlife and its Habitat
Authors: Chu Christian
Published: May 2023

Research has been done to find ways to inhibit and put to an end the degradation facing wildlife due to human activities. Studies indicates that the billions of individuals on this planet are consuming resources more quickly than before. Methods to support the existence of wildlife in the territory should be put in place. Results in the article show that though these aspects are being taken into consideration, wildlife are still being affected by the anthropogenic activities that happen in the world. The goals of this research are to identify and assess the effects of various infrastructural projects on wildlife and other environmental factors and recommend suitable strategies to planning and design, wildlife management, and environmental protection to counteract any negative effects.
Hypotheses for the Dyslexia Signal: Biomarkers in the Left and Right Brain of Developmental Dyslexia
Authors: He Yujia
Published: May 2023

Dyslexia is one of the most common learning disabilities, yet its brain basis and core causes are not yet fully understood. MRI studies commonly demonstrate hypoactivation in left-hemispheric temporo-parietal, occipito-temporal, and inferior frontal networks, along with hyperactivation in corresponding right-hemispheric regions. Based on the recent 15 years of brain imaging researches, this paper proposes three hypotheses about the causes of the activation difference in Dyslexia, analyzes how recent researches support these hypotheses, and draws a conclusion that the three hypotheses have a fusion trend to a certain extent, which can provide possible directions for future studies.
Application and Research Progress of Recombinant Lactic Acid Bacteria by Genetic Engineering
Authors: Ding Zhenghan , Huang Jiayi , Zhang Yueyin
Published: May 2023

Lactic acid bacteria, as a kind of food-grade microorganism, is widely used in food industry, medical care and other fields. The special function of lactic acid bacteria has been increasingly valued and needed, and the traditional strain screening method is complex, long cycle and low cost, which hinders the development and progress of lactic acid industry. At this time, the rapid development of modern genetic engineering has brought new opportunities for the medical application of LAB. By developing new functional strains of LAB, genes with specific functions can be introduced into the genome of LAB, so that LAB can meet the requirements of designers and users. First of all, this article summarizes the characteristics of lactic acid bacteria and discusses the dominant types of lactic acid bacteria in transgenic bacteria. Then, six medical applications of LAB in vaccine delivery vector, virus prevention and control, allergy treatment, cervical cancer, inflammation, lactose intolerance after genetic engineering were reviewed. Finally, the genetically motified LAB is used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, such as immune tolerance, vector development, immune mechanism and other issues were reviewed, and the future application of LAB in the field of genetic engineering and cancer treatment was discussed.
Risk Factors and Treatments Impacts for the Gene of Two Different Types of Skin Cancer: Survival Analysis
Authors: Hu Huiying
Published: May 2023

Two distinct types of skin cancer are Cutaneous Melanoma and Melanoma of Uncertain Primary. Their causes may be distinct. Several variables, including genetic mutation, UV exposure, sex, age, and others, will affect the survival months. In this study, the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox model will be used to compare the two types of skin cancer. For the KM technique, one unique variable will be employed to assess its association with the survival months. Cox model will employ multiple variables to describe the overall association between several variables and the survival months. In conclusion, the difference on sex will have a distinct impact on two different kinds of skin cancer. Genetic expression does not clearly differentiate between them. UV exposure and therapy have a substantial impact on the number of months of survival for Cutaneous Melanoma. The results of the study indicate that additional research and prevention are required. Prevention is almost always more effective than treatment for cancer. For specific patient populations, clinicians should prioritize skin cancer prevention and therapy.
Coral Bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef and Causes
Authors: Cao Yushan
Published: May 2023

With the increasing problem of global warming, the Earth's environment has been seriously damaged in recent decades, especially the Marine environment. Covering 71 percent of the Earth, the oceans are an important part of the planet, but such a beautiful and rich resource is now in decline. This paper mainly expounds the embodiment of environmental problems in coral reefs (take the Great Barrier Reef as an example). Large numbers of coral reefs are bleaching and dying because of climate change. Nowadays, the problem of severe Marine environment is getting worse and worse, which has aroused people's great attention in the world. The main causes of coral bleaching are rising temperatures, eating crown-of-thorns starfish and acidification. Finally, this paper expounds the damage to the ecological environment and the disasters faced by human beings if coral reefs are lost. In the future, we should do our best to protect coral reefs and prohibit vandalism, pollution and overfishing. And can artificially cultivate, transplant coral reefs, remove coral pests and so on. This article aims to point out the causes of coral bleaching, so that more people can realize the crisis we are facing, and call on people to take small steps to protect our only planet.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases
Authors: Huang Xigang
Published: May 2023

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a protective stress response of cells that takes place when the ER has a significant amount of unfolded and misfolded proteins. Endoplasmic reticulum stress that is prolonged and severe and the unfolded protein response it produces start the apoptotic cascade. Apoptosis brought on by endoplasmic reticulum stress has been demonstrated to be a crucial entry point for the detection and treatment of illnesses. Both Alzheimer's disease and pulmonary fibrosis are difficult to treat, and both are linked to aberrant apoptosis. As a result, one of the crucial research areas is the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis and Alzheimer's disease. At present, COVID-19 pneumonia is prevalent in the world and has become one of the main causes of pulmonary fibrosis. At the same time, recent studies have shown that people who are positive for COVID-19 are more likely to suffer from Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of these two diseases are particularly important today. The purpose of this paper is to explore the triggering mechanism and physiological characterization of ER stress, and the prospects for the treatment and diagnosis of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis and Alzheimer's syndrome, which are still difficult to overcome.
The Analysis of Parkinsons Disease using Phase-Amplitude Coupling Method
Authors: Jia Xin
Published: May 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) is now the second most prevalent chronic neurological illness worldwide. For motor symptoms of PD, PD is linked to a number of dyskinesia, including rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, and tremor at rest. PD dyskinesia is the most common cause of Parkinsonism. Meanwhile, PD dyskinesia may be closely linked to the neural oscillations between neural circuits. PD dyskinesia is associated, in particular, with beta oscillation, which is directly related to the incidence and development of the motor. For the purpose of analysing neural oscillations between neural circuits, phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) can be utilised as a biomarker. As a potential biomarker of beta oscillation, PAC has been widely used in the research of PD. Therefore, this article reviews the latest concepts of dyskinesia, methods of calculating PAC and applications of PAC in Parkinson's disease, aiming to provide a good theoretical basis for finding neural circuits involved in PD dyskinesia to establish better deep brain stimulation therapy.
PROPOSED ADDITIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE SCHEME AS SUPPLEMENTARY EMPLOYEE BENEFIT : CASE STUDY FOR PUBLIC SERVANTS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Isyana Deviprameswari
Published: May 2023

Access to health care has been a constant concern in developing countries due to inequitable distribution. As demonstrated in industrialized nations with reassuring outcomes, insurance is a true instrument for mitigating these issues. In order to address this issue, Indonesia implemented the BPJS Kesehatan national health insurance plan. Acceptance and contentment with the BPJS Kesehatan, on the other hand, are impediments to the attainment of its goals. The study's goal is to measure the level of acceptability and satisfaction with Indonesia's national health insurance program among public servants in the Ministry of Finance. A cross-sectional descriptive research was undertaken in Indonesia among government servants who presently use BPJS Kesehatan services. Proposed modelling of insurance scheme were established as a solution bridging to be elaborated and implemented in the near future.

 

Keywords : Employee Benefit, Health Insurance, Public Servants, Insurance Model