bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formação e mudança em Artes Visuais na contemporaneidade
Authors: Barreto Umbelina
Published: May 2016

O artigo refere-se a uma investigação que emerge dos processos de institucionalização da Arte na Educação Brasileira. As mudanças curriculares no Curso de Graduação em Artes da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul são elencadas e, nessa busca, faz-se convergir os lugares da experiência formativa ao se perseguir os fundamentos que possibilitam novas orientações na Educação das Artes na Contemporaneidade. Utiliza-se os conceitos de mudança e permanência à luz da Teoria do Conhecimento de Maturana e Varella (1984). E utiliza-se a pluralização da comunicação trazida por Santaella (2010) como uma definição apropriada da visão de mundo contemporânea. Dentre os lugares da mudança enfatiza-se o lugar do Desenho a partir da perda de seu lugar canônico dentro da Arte. E, por fim, traça-se um percurso didático do Desenho que possa contribuir para a emergência de um sujeito autônomo, com uma atitude criadora e crítica, e que se encontra inserido na atual Sociedade de Informação e Conhecimento.
Quais experiências transformam uma pessoa em um professor de Artes Visuais?
Authors: Assis Henrique Lima
Published: May 2016

Este artigo é uma narrativa abreviada de meu processo doutoral, que consistiu em escutar, mediado pelas entrevistas narrativas e não diretivas, as experiências vividas por professores de Artes Visuais na relação com os objetos especiais que habitam suas casas. Como todo conhecer é autoconhecer, ao escutar essas narrativas, eu também relembrei de algumas experiências vividas por mim, relacionadas, especialmente, com os objetos que habitaram as casas onde morei e que me formaram no professor de Artes Visuais que sou. Sendo assim, fui igualmente tramado ao investigado.
O Ensino de Filosofia no contexto da sala de aula: a prática docente como um exercício de autorreflexão
Authors: Ribeiro Saulo Eduardo
Published: May 2016

O presente artigo analisa a prática de ensino vivida em sala de aula durante o Estágio Curricular Supervisionado (ECS), realizado no ano de 2009, em uma turma do 3º ano do ensino médio do Colégio Estadual Coronel Pilar, em Santa Maria, RS. Esta reflexão diz respeito à análise da prática de ensino, referenciada em alguns pressupostos teórico-metodológicos que nortearam o trabalho de observação, planejamento e regência em sala de aula. Estes pressupostos dizem respeito aos conceitos de “transposição didática” e de “contrato didático”, atribuídos, respectivamente, ao didata francês Yves Chevallard e ao educador matemático Guy Brousseau. Além destes autores, que orientaram o trabalho metodológico da presente análise, recorreu-se a proposta didático-metodológica de uma pedagogia do conceito de Silvio Gallo, inspirada na concepção deleuziana de filosofia como criação de conceitos. A partir da análise destes referenciais, bem como da análise da prática vivida e concebida teoricamente, será possível perceber os problemas e a fragilidade que permearam esta prática de ensino em questão.
Singularização de identidades e construção de subjetividades através da perspectiva da cultura visual
Authors: Souza Mariana Binato de , Diehl Viviane
Published: May 2016

Esta pesquisa tem como temática a singularização da identidade e a construção da subjetividade através de proposições em artes visuais a qual foi realizada no contexto da Creche Estação dos Ventos na cidade de Santa Maria com pré-adolescentes com idades entre 10 e 13 anos. A cultura visual foi abarcada neste contexto como elemento facilitador da aproximação dos colaboradores com a temática, pois esta busca relacionar a cultura e as visualidades presentes no cotidiano a partir de um olhar critico tanto individual quanto em grupo o que colaborou no processo abordado tanto de identidades quanto de subjetividades. Nesta pesquisa ainda utilizou-se de fragmentos da metodologia por projetos de trabalho pela sua abordagem facilitadora que fez parte do processo de aproximação dos colaboradores, e conseqüentemente da possibilidade singularização das identidades e construção de subjetividades.
Uma reflexão sobre o consumo de comunidades virtuais no Brasil
Authors: Simões Roberta Caldas , Sant'Anna Sergio Robert de , Vasconcellos João Gualberto Moreira
Published: May 2016

Esse artigo pretende refletir sobre o fenômeno da adesão dos brasileiros às redes sociais, em particular o Orkut, e analisar como as características da sociedade brasileira influenciam nas novas formas de sociabilidade emergentes, como as comunidades virtuais. A discussão teórica parte de um olhar totalizante sobre a sociedade brasileira, entendendo-a como uma sociedade relacional, na qual o fundamental é a relação entre os elementos constituintes do todo, traçando uma analogia entre esta sociedade relacional e a emergência das comunidades virtuais no Brasil. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, seguida por um olhar sobre a ferramenta do Orkut, tendo como base DaMatta, Lemos, Lévy e Rheingold. Os aspectos levantados neste artigo permitem uma reflexão ainda inicial sobre um dos motivos que podem explicar a rápida adesão dos brasileiros às comunidades virtuais, além de apresentar algumas características predominantes da sociedadebrasileira e sua influência na emergência e fortalecimento das comunidades virtuais no Brasil. Indicamos, por fim, que a intensa presença dos brasileiros nas redes sociais pode ser explicada pelo fato de o Brasil ser constituído por uma sociedade relacional.
Ecos da reforma: sobre o crescimento pentecostal e seus impactos no protestantismo histórico em Porto Alegre
Authors: Jaenisch Samuel Thomas
Published: May 2016

O crescimento das igrejas evangélicas pentecostais consagrou-se nas últimas décadas como um dos mais importantes fenômenos do universo religioso brasileiro. No entanto, seu dinamismo e crescente visibilidade social acabou encobrindo o protestantismo histórico e resumindo sua importância dentro do campo aos movimentos de pentecostalização que vem atingindo esta igrejas desde o advento do pentecostalismo. Meu objetivo aqui é mostrar – a partir de um trabalho de pesquisa etnográfico realizado em 2007 na cidade de Porto Alegre – como Luteranos, Metodistas, Episcopais Anglicanos e Presbiterianos estão avaliando e compreendendo o crescimento pentecostal e quais alternativas estão sendo propostas para responder ao seu crescimento. Os resultados aqui encontrados apontam para um movimento de auto-reflexão dentro do protestantismo histórico a partir da atualização dos princípios da Reforma frente às novas práticas implementadas pelos pentecostais e neopentecostais.
Grupos populares brasileiros: uma compreensão acerca de suas diversas formas de participação política a partir da obra “etnografias da participação”
Authors: Magalhães Alânia
Published: May 2016

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discorrer sobre a coletânea Etnografias da Participação analisando os artigos presentes na obra, organizada por Claudia Fonseca e Jurema Brites. Para enriquecer o estudo acerca dessa obra, fez-se necessário o acréscimo de conceitos estabelecidos por outros autores, tais como Dumont e Duarte et al., que, de forma inusitada, clarificam as noções de desigualdade presentes em Etnografias da Participação. De um modo geral, conclui-se que os artigos reunidos na obra em análise não pretendem defender a conversão dos grupos populares a um modelo preestabelecido de cidadania. Esses artigos acabam por evidenciar que o problema encontra-se em um sistema injusto e desigual, e não nas expressões políticas dos pobres.
Corpos velhos (re)configurados
Authors: Maia Gabriela Felten da
Published: May 2016

A recente ‘descoberta’ da velhice como uma entidade demográfica e sua ascensão ao status de problema social modificou o quadro dos estudos do envelhecimento no Brasil, constituindo a velhice em um objeto de intervenção e investigação científica. Assistimos a um número cada vez maior de especialistas que buscam construir critérios que definam o que é envelhecimento e quando alguém pode ser considerado velho, em um processo dinâmico de interlocução entre discursos biológicos, políticos, sociais, econômicos e psicológicos, que produzem categorias capazes de reconhecer determinados sujeitos como pertencentes ou não à categoria velho. No presente artigo, procura-se, sob a perspectiva sócio-antropológica, chamar a atenção para os contextos culturais e sociais em que emergem os significados sobre envelhecimento, os quais configuram e posicionam os sujeitos em diferentes lugares sociais. Procurando destacar que a velhice não é uma condição estática do corpo, mas um processo por meio do qual se materializam corpos velhos, problematiza-se a nomeação de diferenças que definem quem é velho ou não. Deste modo, é necessário refletir sobre a constituição de um conjunto de discursos e práticas que tornou possível reconhecer determinados sujeitos como pertencentes a determinadas categorias e como estes são tomados como definidores de sujeitos e suas possibilidades.
Tikrinių vardų galūnių adaptavimo ypatumai Simono Daukanto ir Simono Stanevičiaus Epitome Historiae Sacrae vertimuose
Authors: Gudelienė Birutė
Published: May 2016

Straipsnis aktualus XIX a. pirmosios pusės skirtingų autorių religinio teksto vertime esančių tikrinių biblinių vardų galūnių vartosena ir adaptavimu, nes nuo seno nusistovėjusios biblinių vardų rašybos nebuvo, o Simono Daukanto ir Simono Stanevičiaus vartoti tikriniai bibliniai vardai nebuvo išsamiai analizuoti. Tyrimo duomenys galėtų būti naudingi vertinant tikrinių vardų adaptacijos raidą, situaciją XIX a. pirmojoje pusėje. Darbe stengiamasi nustatyti, koks yra kiekvieno autoriaus norminimo pobūdis, kiek jis siejasi su galūnių rašyba XIX  a. ir ankstesnių metų raštuose, kokia tarmės įtaka galūnių rašybai ir abiejų vertėjų rašybos galūnėse santykis.
Jaunimo požiūriai į savo pačių, tėvų ir senelių šventes. Mėgstamiausia jaunimo šventė
Authors: Venskienė Asta
Published: May 2016

Straipsnio tikslas – remiantis jaunimo požiūriu, išanalizuoti kalendorinių švenčių šventimo skirtumus tarp kartų, nustatyti mėgstamiausias jaunimo šventes ir su jų šventimu susijusius kontekstus. Etnografinių duomenų analizė rodo, kad visos trys respondentų šeimos kartos (seneliai, tėvai ir vaikaičiai) dažniausia švenčia šias šventes: Kūčias / šv. Kalėdas, šv. Velykas, Naujuosius metus, Visų šventųjų / Vėlinių dienas, Jonines. Jaunimas linkęs pabrėžti savo švenčiamų švenčių tęstinumą. Teigiama, kad šventes jie perėmė iš senelių, tėvų ir dažnai švenčia su jais drauge. XXI a. pradžios studentiško jaunimo pačios mėgstamiausios šventės yra Kūčios, šv. Kalėdos. Paminėtos ir kitos šventės (šv. Velykos, Joninės, Visų šventųjų / Vėlinių dienos, Naujieji metai ir Užgavėnės), tačiau joms dėmesio skiriama kur kas mažiau. Pagrindiniai motyvai, kodėl Kūčios ir šv. Kalėdos yra mėgstamiausios respondentų šventės, yra susiję su socialiniais santykiais, žmonių prisiminimais apie šventes, ypač likusiais iš vaikystės, pasiruošimu šventėms ir jų šventimo specifika.
A FRET-based study reveals site-specific regulation of spindle position checkpoint proteins at yeast centrosomes
Authors: Gryaznova Yuliya , Caydasi Ayse Koca , Malengo Gabriele , Sourjik Victor , Pereira Gislene
Published: May 2016

The spindle position checkpoint (SPOC) is a spindle pole body (SPB, equivalent of mammalian centrosome) associated surveillance mechanism that halts mitotic exit upon spindle mis-orientation. Here, we monitored the interaction between SPB proteins and the SPOC component Bfa1 by FRET microscopy. We show that Bfa1 binds to the scaffold-protein Nud1 and the γ-tubulin receptor Spc72. Spindle misalignment specifically disrupts Bfa1-Spc72 interaction by a mechanism that requires the 14-3-3-family protein Bmh1 and the MARK/PAR-kinase Kin4. Dissociation of Bfa1 from Spc72 prevents the inhibitory phosphorylation of Bfa1 by the polo-like kinase Cdc5. We propose Spc72 as a regulatory hub that coordinates the activity of Kin4 and Cdc5 towards Bfa1. In addition, analysis of spc72∆ cells shows that a mitotic-exit-promoting dominant signal, which is triggered upon elongation of the spindle into the bud, overrides the SPOC. Our data reinforce the importance of daughter-cell-associated factors and centrosome-based regulations in mitotic exit and SPOC control.
Effect of grain size of polycrystalline diamond on its heat spreading properties
Authors: Simon Roland B. , Anaya Julian , Faili Firooz , Balmer Richard , Williams Gruffudd T. , Twitchen Daniel J. , Kuball Martin
Published: May 2016

The exceptionally high thermal conductivity of polycrystalline diamond (>2000 W m−1 K−1) makes it a very attractive material for optimizing the thermal management of high-power devices. In this paper, the thermal conductivity of a diamond sample capturing grain size evolution from nucleation towards the growth surface is studied using an optimized 3ω technique. The thermal conductivity is found to decrease with decreasing grain size, which is in good agreement with theory. These results clearly reveal the minimum film thickness and polishing thickness from nucleation needed to achieve single-crystal diamond performance, and thus enable production of an optimal polycrystalline diamond for heat-spreading applications.
What Is Hospice?
Authors: Wagner Vanessa , Marks Adam
Published: September 2024

This JAMA Patient Page describes the hospice model of medical care for people with terminal illness.
Characterization of a new low‐dose and low‐energy Gafchromic film LD‐V1
Authors: Masella Oliva , Murphy Kevin J. , Bazalova‐Carter Magdalena
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To characterize the dose‐response, energy dependence, postexposure changes, orientation dependence, and spatial capabilities of LD‐V1, a new low‐dose Gafchromic film for low‐energy x‐ray dosimetry.

Methods

A single sheet of LD‐V1 Gafchromic film was cut into 15 × 20 mm2 rectangles with a notch to track orientation. Eight different doses between 5 and 320 mGy were delivered by an MXR‐160/22 x‐ray tube using x‐ray beams of 90, 100, and 120 kVp filtered with 3 mm of Al and 2 mm of Ti. The 120 kVp films were scanned at 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 168 h postexposure in portrait orientation and additionally scanned in landscape orientation at 24 h. The 90 and 100 kVp films were scanned at 24 h postexposure in portrait orientation. Lastly, a 20 × 200 mm2 strip of film was irradiated using a thin‐slit imaging collimator and scanned 24 h postexposure to test the film performance in an x‐ray imaging application.

Results

Of the three color channels, the red channel was found to produce a dose‐response curve with a large range of net optical density (netOD) values across the considered dose range. A prominent energy dependence was discovered, resulting in dose discrepancies on the scale of 17 mGy between 90 and 120 kVp for a dose of 80 mGy. The measured postexposure changes suggest that the calibration irradiation‐to‐scan time should be longer than 12 h with a ± 4 h scanning time window for dose errors of <0.5%. An average dose difference of 3.4% was found between the two scanning orientations. Lastly, noise of 4% was measured in the thin slit collimator film for a dose of 30 mGy.

Conclusions

We have characterized the LD‐V1 film for low‐energy, low‐dose x‐ray dosimetry. Energy, scan‐time, and orientation dependencies should be considered when using this film.
Flexoelectric Effect in Thin Films: Theory and Applications
Authors: Jia Xiaotong , Guo Rui , Chen Jingsheng , Yan Xiaobing
Published: September 2024

The flexoelectric effect describes phenomena where strain gradients induce electrical polarization and electric field gradients cause strain in materials. This specific type of electromechanical coupling effect is remarkable for being independent of material symmetry, Curie temperature, and it exhibits notable effects in small‐sized materials. The study of flexoelectric effects has provided fresh insights into materials science, particularly highlighting how thin‐film structures, with their unique geometrical and dimensional attributes, are highly responsive to flexoelectric influences, thereby offering significant opportunities for modulating electrical properties. Herein, this paper presents the fundamental concepts and theories underlying the flexoelectric effect are presented. Various methods for inducing this effect in thin films are explored, including the optimization of growth and deposition conditions, and the application of external mechanical stresses to create strain gradients. Additionally, recent advances in utilizing the flexoelectric effect to modulate ferroelectric domains, modify properties of thin films, and enhance functionalities in photovoltaic systems, nanogenerators, sensors, and actuators are reviewed. Finally, the challenges and future prospects for flexoelectric effects in advanced electronics are briefly presented.
Toughening and Imparting Deconstructability to 3D‐Printed Glassy Thermosets with “Transferinker” Additives
Authors: Qin K. Peter , Herzog‐Arbeitman Abraham , Zou Weizhong , Chakraborty Saswata , Kristufek Samantha L. , Husted Keith E. L. , Joly Guy D. , Craig Stephen L. , Olsen Bradley D. , Johnson Jeremiah A.
Published: September 2024

Thermoset toughness and deconstructability are often opposing features; simultaneously improving both without sacrificing other mechanical properties (e.g., stiffness and tensile strength) is difficult, but, if achieved, could enhance the usage lifetime and end‐of‐life options for these materials. Here, a strategy that addresses this challenge in the context of photopolymer resins commonly used for 3D printing of glassy, acrylic thermosets is introduced. It is shown that incorporating bis‐acrylate “transferinkers,” which are cross‐linkers capable of undergoing degenerative chain transfer and new strand growth, as additives (5–25 mol%) into homemade or commercially available photopolymer resins leads to photopolymer thermosets with substantially improved tensile toughness and triggered chemical deconstructability with minimal impacts on Young's moduli, tensile strengths, and glass transition temperatures. These properties result from a transferinker‐driven topological transition in network structure from the densely cross‐linked long, heterogeneous primary strands of traditional photopolymer networks to more uniform, star‐like networks with few dangling ends; the latter structure more effectively bear stress yet is also more easily depercolated via solvolysis. Thus, transferinkers represent a simple and effective strategy for improving the mechanical properties of photopolymer thermosets and providing a mechanism for their triggered deconstructability.
Extending The Calendar Life of Fiber Lithium‐Ion Batteries to 200 Days with Ultra‐High Barrier Polymer Tubes
Authors: Gong Xiaocheng , Jiang Haibo , Lu Chenhao , Zhang Kun , Long Yao , Yang Zhe , Sun Shiqi , Chang Yingfan , Ma Longmei , Peng Huisheng , Wang Bingjie
Published: September 2024

Scalable fiber lithium‐ion batteries (FLIBs) have garnered significant attention due to huge potential applications in wearable technology. However, their widespread applications have been limited by inadequate cycle and calendar life, primarily due to the high permeability of the encapsulation layer to water vapor in ambient air. To address this challenge, an ultra‐high barrier composite tube is developed by blending polytrifluorochloroethylene (PCTFE) with organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) for the continuous packaging of FLIBs. Due to the high crystallinity (≈40.21%) and small free volume (103.443 Å3), the PCTFE tube exhibited a low water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of 0.123 mg day−1 pkg−1. Furthermore, through the melt extrusion, OMMT with its plate‐like morphology are fully exfoliated and dispersed within the PCTFE matrix. This created more complex pathways for water, increasing the diffusion path length and thereby reducing WVTR to 0.006 mg day−1 pkg−1. This innovation enabled an ultra‐long calendar life of 200 days and cycle life of 870 cycles for FLIBs, with over 80% capacity retention in ambient air. Additionally, 2%OMMT‐PCTFE‐FLIBs exhibited excellent flexibility, retaining an impressive 85.31% capacity after 10 000 bending cycles. This research presents a simple yet effective approach to enhance the lifetime and practicality of FLIBs through building a high‐performance polymer‐based encapsulation layer.
Droplets Cas13a‐RPA measurement delineates potential role for plasma circWDR37 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Xu Jingsong , Cao Li , Yang Shuang , Jian Ying , Liu Yu , Shen Zhen , Liu Qian , Chen Xiang , Li Min , Li Shun , Zuo Xiaolei , Li Min , Wang Hua
Published: September 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer. CircRNAs have emerged as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis evaluation. However, novel circRNAs as potential biomarkers for CRC still need further exploration and validation, and precise detection methods are yet to be developed. Herein, we report for the first time the use of droplets Cas13a to detect the circWDR37 as a biomarker of CRC. The arraystar circRNA microarray assays, functional experiments in vitro and in vivo, and qPCR were performed to discover and validate that circWDR37 is a biomarker for early screening and prognosis evaluation of CRC. A new technology named µDCR, which accurately detects circWDR37, has been developed by combining microfluidic droplets with CRISPR/Cas13a and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). Meanwhile, the role of crowding agent in improving the performance of Cas13a was uncovered. The 4% polyethylene glycol 8000 and 3% dextran‐10 significantly improved the response speed and sensitivity of one‐pot Cas13a‐RPA reaction. The detection limit of circWDR37 by µDCR was found to be 10 copies/mL, which is higher than that of qPCR. The clinical sample findings demonstrated that circWDR37 detection can be utilized to effectively screen for CRC at an early stage and enable accurate assessment of prognosis. CircWDR37 is confirmed as a groundbreaking biomarker for both diagnosis and prognosis evaluation in CRC patients. Furthermore, our innovative µDCR method for detecting circWDR37 demonstrates impressive attributes such as streamlined operation, rapidity, and high‐throughput, making it an optimal technology platform for the noninvasive screening of CRC.
Machine‐learning based subgroups of AL amyloidosis and cumulative incidence of mortality and end stage kidney disease
Authors: Anand Shankara K. , Staron Andrew , Mendelson Lisa M. , Joshi Tracy , Burke Natasha , Sanchorawala Vaishali , Verma Ashish
Published: September 2024

Immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a multisystem disease with varied treatment options and disease‐related outcomes. Current staging systems rely on a limited number of cardiac, renal, and plasma cell dyscrasia biomarkers. To improve prognostication for all‐cause mortality and end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD), we applied unsupervised machine learning using a comprehensive set of clinical and laboratory parameters. Our study cohort comprised 2067 patients with newly diagnosed, biopsy‐proven AL amyloidosis from the Boston University Amyloidosis Center. Variables included 31 clinical symptoms and 28 baseline laboratory values. Our clustering algorithm identified three subgroups of AL amyloidosis (low‐risk, intermediate‐risk, and high‐risk) with distinct clinical phenotypes and median overall survival (OS) estimates of 6.1, 3.7, and 1.2 years, respectively. The 10‐year adjusted cumulative incidences of all‐cause mortality were 66.8% (95% CI 63.4–70.1), 75.4% (95% CI 72.1–78.6), and 90.6% (95% CI 87.4–93.3) for low, intermediate, and high‐risk subgroups. The 10‐year adjusted cumulative incidences of end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) were 20.4% (95% CI 6.1–24.5), 37.6% (95% CI 31.8–43.8), and 6.7% (95% CI 2.8–11.3) for low‐risk, intermediate‐risk, and high‐risk subgroups. Finally, we trained a classifier for external validation with high cross‐validation accuracy (85% [95% CI 83–86]) using a subset of easily obtainable clinical parameters. This marks an initial stride toward integrating precision medicine into risk stratification of AL amyloidosis for both all‐cause mortality and ESKD.
Associations between misfolded alpha‐synuclein aggregates and Alzheimer's disease pathology in vivo
Authors: Pichet Binette Alexa , Mammana Angela , Wisse Laura , Rossi Marcello , Strandberg Olof , Smith Ruben , Mattsson‐Carlgren Niklas , Janelidze Shorena , Palmqvist Sebastian ,   ADNI, Ticca Alice , Stomrud Erik , Parchi Piero , Hansson Oskar
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION

We examined the relations of misfolded alpha synuclein (α‐synuclein) with Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in two large independent cohorts.

METHODS

We included Biomarkers for Identifying Neurodegenerative Disorders Early and Reliably Two (BioFINDER‐2) and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants (n = 2315, cognitively unimpaired, mild cognitive impairment, AD dementia) who had cross‐sectional cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) α‐synuclein measurement from seed‐amplification assay as well as cross‐sectional and longitudinal amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau levels (measured in CSF and/or by positron emission tomography). All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and cognitive status.

RESULTS

Across cohorts, the main biomarker associated with α‐synuclein positivity at baseline was higher levels of Aβ pathology (all p values ≤ 0.02), but not tau. Looking at longitudinal measures of AD biomarkers, α‐synuclein –positive participants had a statistically significant faster increase of Aβ load, although of modest magnitude (1.11 Centiloid/year, p = 0.02), compared to α‐synuclein –negative participants in BioFINDER‐2 but not in ADNI.

DISCUSSION

We showed associations between concurrent misfolded α‐synuclein and Aβ levels, providing in vivo evidence of links between these two molecular disease pathways in humans.

Highlights:

Amyloid beta (Aβ), but not tau, was associated with alpha‐synuclein (α‐synuclein) positivity.

Such association was consistent across two cohorts, beyond the effect of age, sex, and cognitive status.

α‐synuclein–positive participants had a small, statistically significant faster increase in Aβ positron emission tomography levels in one of the two cohorts.
Mechanism investigation on selective adsorption of fabric loaded with calcium silicate for organic dyes
Authors: Bai Yulian , Jia Guozhi
Published: September 2024

Selective adsorption plays an important role in the resource utilization of dye wastewater. Hydrated calcium silicate (CSH), as an ideal adsorption material, is successfully compounded on the surface of polypropylene (PP) fibric by quasi‐solid‐phase method, and porous calcium silicate film is formed on the surface of PP fabric. The contact angle of the surface of PP fibers is changed from 130.7° to 62.4° due to the hydrophilic characteristics of CSH and polyvinyl alcohol. The adsorption for dyes shows obvious selectivity, and the removal ratio for methylene blue can reach more than 90%, while there is almost no adsorption for methyl orange. The obvious selectivity can be attributed to the electrostatic interaction between CSH and dyes. CSH contains silicate anion chains, resulting in a large number of negatively charged sites distributed on the surface, which may be the main reason for the adsorption for cationic dyes through electrostatic interactions. The investigation of adsorption kinetics shows that the formation of coordination bonds between calcium silicate and methylene blue will also lead to further enhancement of adsorption capacity.
Renal transplant nephrolithiasis: Presentation, management and follow‐up with control comparisons
Authors: Sandberg Maxwell , Cohen Adam , Escott Megan , Marie‐Costa Claudia , Temple Davis , Rodriguez Rainer , Gordon Alex , Rong Anita , Andres‐Robusto Brian , Roebuck Emily H. , Ye Emily , Underwood Gavin , Choudhary Arjun , Whitman Wyatt , Webb Christopher J. , Stratta Robert J. , Wood Kyle , Assimos Dean , Mirzazadeh Majid
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To analyse the presentation, management and long‐term outcomes of renal transplant patients who formed kidney stones in their allograft. The secondary aim was to identify risk factors for stone formation in this cohort.

Materials and Methods

Patient information from an institutional renal transplant database was used to identify individuals who both did and did not form kidney stones following renal transplantation. Computerized tomography (CT) imaging was used to make the diagnosis of kidney stones and measure stone size. Age‐ and gender‐matched controls never forming a stone in their allograft were used for comparative analysis to identify risk factors for stone formation in transplant patients.

Results

A total of 8835 transplant patients were included in the study, of which 128 (1.4%) formed a kidney stone in their allograft after surgery. The mean time to kidney stone identification was 6.2 years, and the mean number of stones formed was 1.7, with a mean maximum size dimension on a CT scan of 5.7 mm per stone. A total of 26 patients were subjected to stone‐removing procedures, the most common being ureteroscopy (42.3%). The primary intervention failed in eight patients requiring a secondary intervention, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) had the lowest success rate (60%). A total of 164 controls were identified. In comparison to controls, stone formers had lower serum calcium (p = 0.008), lower estimated glomerular filtration rates (p = 0.019), higher lymphocyte counts (p = 0.021) and greater rate of urinary tract infection (p = 0.003). Graft failure rates were the same (p = 0.524), but time to graft failure was significantly longer in stone patients compared with controls (p = 0.008).

Conclusions

The rate of stone formation is low in transplant patients. Success rates for stone treatment vary based on the surgery selected, with PCNL being the worst. Graft survival rates were equivocal, but survival time was better in stone patients. Our analysis calls for further investigation of this important topic.
Survival of Children With Critical Congenital Heart Defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Authors: Forestieri Nina E. , Olshan Andrew F. , Oster Matthew E. , Ailes Elizabeth C. , Fundora Michael P. , Fisher Sarah C. , Shumate Charles , Romitti Paul A. , F. Liberman Rebecca , Nembhard Wendy N. , Carmichael Suzan L. , Desrosiers Tania A. ,   The National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: September 2024

Background

Critical congenital heart defects (CCHDs) are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. This study estimated survival of children with nonsyndromic CCHDs and evaluated relationships between exposures of interest and survival by CCHD severity (univentricular or biventricular function).

Methods

This analysis included 4380 infants with CCHDs (cases) born during 1999–2011 and enrolled in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a multisite, population‐based case–control study of major birth defects. Cases were linked to state death files. Nonparametric Kaplan–Meier survival functions were used to estimate 1‐ and 5‐year survival probabilities overall and by severity group (univentricular/biventricular) stratified by demographic and clinical exposure variables of interest. The log‐rank test was used to determine whether stratified survival curves were equivalent. Survival and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were also estimated using Cox proportional hazards modeling adjusted for maternal age, education, race/ethnicity, study site, and birth year.

Results

One‐ and five‐year survival rates were 85.8% (CI 84.7–86.8) and 83.7% (CI 82.5–84.9), respectively. Univentricular 5‐year survival was lower than biventricular case survival [65.3% (CI 61.7–68.5) vs. 89.0% (CI 87.8–90.1; p < 0.001)]. Clinical factors (e.g. preterm birth, low birthweight, and complex/multiple defects) were associated with lower survival in each severity group. Sociodemographic factors (non‐Hispanic Black race/ethnicity, <high school education, smoking, and lower household income) were only associated with survival among biventricular cases.

Conclusions

Mortality among children with CCHDs occurred primarily in the first year of life. Survival was lower for those with univentricular defects, and social determinants of health were most important in predicting survival for those with biventricular defects.
Exploring social goal orientations, self‐perceptions and popularity with students attending regular and special education schools
Authors: Goagoses Naska , Eilts Jule
Published: September 2024

Embedded within social dynamics and social‐information processing, the current qualitative study explores the social goal orientations, self‐perceptions and perceptions of popularity of students attending regular and special education schools in Germany. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with seven students in Grade 8, of which three were attending a special educational school specialised in supporting social‐emotional development. Students' endorsement of leadership, intimacy, nurturance and popularity goals were determined, with a focus on the strategies they employ for attainment within everyday social encounters. A range of strategies emerged, including communication strategies, humour and prosocial spending, which expands on past literature that only focused generalised behavioural tendencies and responses to conflict situations. Furthermore, students named both agentic and communal traits when describing how their peers view them. Lastly, students' perspective of popularity characteristics was explored, which thus far has only received minimal inquiry in Germany. This resulted in a collection of conditions, traits and behaviours required for popularity, with both similarities and differences in comparison to other European countries. The inclusion of both students attending regular and special education schools, offered new perspectives and contributed towards addressing knowledge gaps, generating insights and conceptual understandings, as well as offering directions for future research endeavours.
Optimization and Reaction Kinetics of Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐Dimethylfuran over CuCoOx Catalysts
Authors: Yan Ziyi , Wang Xiaofeng , Zeng Fandi , Li Qingbo , Liang Xinhua
Published: September 2024

From the perspective of reaction kinetics, the catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) reaction of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was studied in this work. Its hydrogenation product, 2,5‐dimethylfuran (DMF), was a stable and water‐insoluble biofuel alternative to gasoline. In this study, CuCoOx catalysts were used and 2‐propanol (IPA) was the hydrogen donor. The results exhibited that the HMF conversion reached 100% with the complete formation of DMF at 170 °C. Experimental and characterization results revealed that the balance of metal sites and acid sites was critical, which could inhibit the side reactions and enhance the yield of the target product. By adopting the Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson (LHHW) kinetic model, it was found that direct hydrogen transfer from IPA to HMF predominated over indirect transfer via H2. Moreover, the results revealed that the hydrogenolysis of 2,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl)furan to 5‐methyl furfuryl alcohol was the rate‐limiting step. The kinetic study in this work is expected to provide valuable insights into the industrial optimization of the CTH reaction of HMF and lay the foundation for the study of hydrogen transfer pathways in this process.
“Modernization of Railway Track Pardubice –Stéblová: New steel bridge over Labe river”
Authors: Mitlöhner Jan
Published: September 2024

The construction of a new double‐track steel railway arch bridge over the Elbe river, which replaced the original single‐track bridge from 1966, has significantly increased the capacity, speed, and smoothness of railway traffic in Pardubice. This 140‐meter‐long, three‐span bridge was realized as part of the modernization and double‐tracking of the Pardubice ‐ Hradec Králové line between 2021‐2024. Its construction, coupled with the provisional use of the original bridge, represents a remarkable engineering feat
Development of a lamella‐model to evaluate stresses caused by hot asphalt installation
Authors: Händeler Damian , Geßler Achim , Wolters Kevin , Feldmann Markus
Published: September 2024

On road‐bridges hot asphalt is installed to provide a level and waterproof surface. That wearing surface, however, needs occasional renewal. On a number of steel highway‐bridges it has been observed that after such asphalt‐renewal fatigue‐cracks have increasingly occurred at the welds of orthotropic bridge‐decks. The German Federal Highway Research Institute has assigned a research project to RWTH Aachen University to evaluate the response of steel‐bridges to time‐ and location‐dependent, nonlinear temperature profiles. Since FEM‐software with the needed level of detailing could not provide solutions for long large‐span bridges, a software‐based lamella‐model was developed. This model enables the partition of the bridge into rectangular beam‐lamella, precisely considers the nonlinear temperature and calculates the inner forces and displacements along the bridge. This paper presents the theoretical background of the lamella‐program as well as results calculated exemplary for a 742m‐long German highway‐bridge including validation with in situ temperature and strain measurements during asphalting.
The pedestrian and bicycle bridge “Sprung über die Emscher” in Castrop Rauxel
Authors: Grubmüller Sascha , Dorrer Günther
Published: September 2024

The new pedestrian and bicycle bridge in Castrop Rauxel is part of the “Emscherland” project, a nature and water experience park. “Emscherland” is a joint project of the Emschergenossenschaft with the adjacent municipalities of Castrop‐Rauxel, Recklinghausen, Herne and Herten.

The total length of the bridge is 412 meters, and the usable width of the pedestrian and bike path is 2.50 meters. The weight of the steel structure is 900 tons. A highlight of the assembly work is the floating‐in of the bridge section (70 meters long and weighing 105 tons) over the Rhein‐Herne‐Canal.
Material selection for railroad bridge bearings to avoid brittle fracture
Authors: Hoyer Natalie , Kühn Bertram
Published: September 2024

Steel structures are typically engineered for the upper range of the steel toughness‐temperature curve. To account for the reduction in toughness properties within the temperature transition range, additional safety assessments are necessary. These assessments rely on fracture mechanics considerations and enable the selection of an adequate steel material to prevent brittle fracture. Considering this context, recommendations were already put forth in 2011 to govern the appropriate choice of steel grades for bearing components. However, these recommendations are no longer entirely current in light of more recent findings. As a result, the German Centre for Rail Traffic Research has called a research project with the aim to formulate proposals to expand the regulatory framework related to suitable material selection, aimed at preventing brittle fracture in bridge bearings.
DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR AND DAMPING OF STEEL RAILWAY BRIDGES AT A SPEED OF 200 KM/H
Authors: Ryjáček Pavel , Polák Michal , Dynybyl Vojtěch , Litoš Jiří
Published: September 2024

The subject of the paper is the comprehensive information on experiments carried out on a group of railway bridges near Břeclav, Vranovice and Soběslav, covering filler beams, steel girder bridges and composite bridges. The subject was to determine the behavior of bridges at higher speeds and to determine the value of damping as a basis for the preparation of HSR lines in the Czech Republic.

This paper describes the structures investigated and recapitulates selected findings, particularly related to the damping. Also, the general findings from a number of tests focusing on damping are also given.
Cable‐stayed footbridge in Lover Vítkovice Area‐DOV
Authors: Janečko Jakub , Janata Vladimír , Lahodný Jiří
Published: September 2024

A cable‐stayed footbridge for pedestrians and cyclists is situated in post‐industrial landscape Lover Vitkovice Area (DOV) of Ostrava. The bridge has two independent sections, 84,3 m and 68,3 m long that leads across the Ostravice river and the railway corridor directly towards the recent blast furnace. The bearing structure consists of outer lattice trusses and the lower steel orthotropic deck and is characterised by outstanding variable shape created by architect. The bridge's deck is supported by three and two pairs of cables, which run directly from top of the middle stiff pylon. Cables are connected to bottom chords of the structure by cylindrical fork with threaded rod and the tie rod structural system with rolled thread (turnbuckles, forks with pin and conical lock covers). The paper describes manufacturing, erection and pre‐stressing procedure, dynamic properties and design and installation of tuned mass dampers.
Digitalisierung schließt Lücken im Fachkräftemangel
Authors: Gandert Etwina
Published: September 2024

Der Fachkräftemangel belastet die deutsche Wirtschaft. Standardisierung kann helfen, das Fachpersonal zu entlasten und den Mangel abzufedern. Gleichzeitig gibt es noch immer viele bestehende Fertigungsanlagen – sogenannte Brownfield‐Anlagen – die nicht in der digitalen Welt angekommen sind. Die Digitalisierung bildet jedoch die Grundlage für standardisierte Prozesse. Im Interview erläutert Frank Hägele, Sales Director und Prokurist, Copa‐Data Deutschland wie diese Digitalisierungslücken geschlossen werden können.
Von GMP, Qualitätssicherung und HMI‐Systemen
Authors: Klein Yannick
Published: September 2024

Die biopharmazeutische Produktion erfordert präzise kontrollierte und dokumentierte Prozesse. GMP‐konforme Bedienstationen werden zur Überwachung, Steuerung und Dokumentation der Produktionsschritte eingesetzt. Diese Bedienstationen bieten flexible und sichere Lösungen für Labore, Reinräume und explosionsgefährdete Bereiche und tragen so zur Qualitätssicherung und Effizienzsteigerung der Anlagen bei.
Robuste Lösungen mit Reglern ohne Hilfsenergie
Authors: Pekker Zsolt
Published: September 2024

Regler ohne Hilfsenergie sind die ideale Verkörperung einer robusten, sparsamen und nachhaltigen Lösung. Sie regeln Temperatur, Druck, Differenzdruck und Durchfluss, in unterschiedlichsten Anwendungen und mit größter Zuverlässigkeit.
“Nicht noch ein Wissensmanagementsystem!”
Authors: Schult Andre , Markus Matthias
Published: September 2024

Obwohl Automatisierung und innovative Technologien wichtige Lösungsansätze bieten, bleibt erfahrenes Personal in Produktion und Technik unerlässlich. Die zentrale Frage ist, warum der Wissensaustausch (bspw. via Youtube und Wikipedia) im privaten Bereich so erfolgreich ist und in Produktionsbetrieben häufig scheitert. Ausgehend von Forschungsergebnissen wurde ein Softwareprodukt für ein besseres Wissensmanagement entwickelt, das die Prozesseffizienz verbessert.
The effect of green human resource management on employee green behavior
Authors: Yadate Dejene Adugna
Published: September 2024

The main objective of the study is to examine the effect of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) on employee green behaviors (EGB) (transforming, conserving, influencing others, taking initiatives, and avoiding behaviors) in the case of Hawassa University staff. Using a straightforward random sampling method, 252 sample responses were selected from the target population of 680 academic staff members. A descriptive and explanatory research design was employed in the study, and a questionnaire was used to gather data. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the effect of GHRM on EGB. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test a predefined factor structure and assess the reliability and validity of the model. The study result shows GHRM has a statistically significant positive effect on conserving and influencing the behavior of other employees. On the other hand, GHRM has a negative and significant effect on avoiding harm and has no statistically significant effect on transforming and taking initiatives in categories of EGB. This study contributes to the body of knowledge in two ways. First, this study examines the role of GHRM on green employees' behavior by taking Hawassa University staff as a case study, which hasn't been conducted so far by other researchers. Secondly, the research examines the effect of GHRM on EGB by assessing employee behavior from various perspectives based on the green five taxonomy of EGB, which has not been sufficiently employed by prior studies. Besides the study, add green employee relations as an additional factor in GHRM, which was overlooked by most studies.
Ornithophily in the trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans)
Authors: Graves Gary R.
Published: September 2024

The diversification of hummingbirds (Trochilidae) has shaped the pollination strategies and floral trait evolution in at least 68 families of flowering plants in the Western Hemisphere. The trumpet creeper (Bignoniaceae) is the quintessential example of ornithophily in eastern North America. The mutualistic relationship between this orange‐flowered liana and the ruby‐throated hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) was illustrated as early as 1731. However, neither historical nor modern accounts accurately describe the feeding behavior of ruby‐throats at trumpet creeper flowers or the floral adaptations for ornithophily. This paper explores their surprisingly immersive mode of foraging at trumpet creeper flowers and quantitatively assesses floral traits in two populations in the Ozark Mountains. The ruby‐throat's bill is approximately one‐third the length of the trumpet‐shaped flowers, which counters the tendency for the corolla length of ornithophilous plants to match the bill length of their principal hummingbird pollinator. To access the nectary, ruby‐throats grasp or cling to the ventral petal lobe of the corolla with their claws and thrust their head and upper body into the flower. This immersive “floral‐diving” had not been formally documented among the 356 species of hummingbirds until now. The didynamous anthers and stigma are strategically positioned inside the corolla to brush the crown feathers when the ruby‐throat inserts its head. A narrow stricture in the corolla, about a third of the way up, allows the bill and tongue of hummingbirds to pass while blocking bumblebees and carpenter bees from reaching the nectary. As a result, the abundant sucrose‐rich floral nectar seems to be reserved for hummingbird pollinators.
Evaluation of forest ecosystem resilience to drought considering lagged effects of drought
Authors: Xu Qingfeng , Yu Ruyue , Guo Lili
Published: September 2024

Drought can cause significant disruption to forest ecosystems and may have long‐term impacts on the structure and function of ecosystems after the end of drought. This is the key to quantifying the ability of ecosystem to respond to disturbance events by comprehensively analyzing the impact of drought on vegetation, the lagged effect, and ecosystem resilience to drought. This article takes broad‐leaved forests and coniferous forests in multiple temperature zones of China as the object of study, using distributed lagged nonlinear model (DLNM) to construct a systematic method. Our results show that the main sensitive lagged time for coniferous forests and broad‐leaved forests is the first 3 months in various temperature zones, with the strongest lagged effect in the month when the drought incidents occur. Coping capacity represents ecosystems to remain stable during droughts, and we quantified the indicator by the ratio of the resistance (the difference between NDVI value before the drought and during the drought) to recovery (the difference between NDVI value after the drought and during the drought). When dealing with intensive drought events, the coping capacity of subtropical broad‐leaved forests (−0.67) and tropical broad‐leaved forests (−0.88) exhibit the strongest coping capacity (value tends to −1). Overall, vegetation growth in subtropical and tropical regions is less affected by drought compared to temperate and cold temperate zones. The research results help us understand the comprehensive impact of drought on vegetation and the strategies for different vegetation to cope with drought.