bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green human resource management and organizational efficiency among local assemblies: role of process innovation and knowledge sharing
Authors: Duah Evans , Pakmoni Lariba , Appiah-Kubi Elias
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to assess the mediating role of process innovation in the relationship between green human resource management (GHRM) and organizational efficiency among local governments. Further, the study assessed the moderating role of knowledge sharing in the relationship between process innovation and organizational efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach

The study focused on metropolitan, municipal, and district assemblies (MMDAs) within the Ashanti region of Ghana. The sample size was 227 employees within the selected MMDAs. Structural equation modeling in Amos (v.23) was run to test the stated hypotheses.

Findings

It was concluded that GHRM had no direct effect on organizational efficiency within the MMDAs. The relationship was rather fully mediated by process innovation. Knowledge sharing further moderated the relationship between process innovation and organizational efficiency among the MMDAs.

Practical implications

Local governments and other public institutions should adopt GHRM, as it could enhance process innovation, leading to organizational efficiency.

Social implications

This paper contributes to the understanding of GHRM in the public sector, particularly in the context of local government organizations, and provides valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners seeking to enhance their organizational performance and sustainability.

Originality/value

Although there is substantial evidence of GHRM within the private sector, less attention has been paid to the public sector, more specifically the local government. Furthermore, the interplay of process innovation and knowledge sharing adds to the knowledge of the relationship between GHRM and organizational efficiency.
Origin of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: manufacturing predictions preceding Industrie 4.0
Authors: Ledford Allison Brown , Hyre Anna , Harris Gregory , Purdy Gregory , Hedberg Jr Thomas
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The Fourth Industrial Revolution is a prominent area of interest in the field of manufacturing that is bringing about revolutionary changes. In this study, the authors sought to determine whether professionals in academia or industry could have predicted the composition of advanced technologies associated with Industry 4.0 before Germany's Industrie 4.0 policy announcement. The purpose of this paper is to use the process for identifying technologies that can be included in industrial policy to improve national competitiveness in manufacturing.

Design/methodology/approach

Relevant documented research from 2000 to 2012 was identified and captured using a systematic literature review. The significant technological advancements during this period were analyzed to determine how technological innovations may have affected predictions about the future of manufacturing. The identified predictions were analyzed using an open-source natural language processing code that clustered relevant topics in the predictions that indicated common themes. The results were then compared to the ideas within “Industry 5.0”.

Findings

The results of this study showed that an aggregate analysis of manufacturing predictions would have preemptively revealed the Fourth Industrial Revolution and could have been used to inform industrial policy that could accelerate technology adoption. Also, contrary to popular belief, the popular Industry 5.0 is a sematic exemplification of a concept already embedded within the origins of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

Practical implications

By examining the provenance of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, lessons are learned that bring light to Industry 4.0 and the measures that can be taken to enable the advancements that it brings. The results of this study show that is would be wise for government policymakers to enact programs that monitor the manufacturing predictions coming out of academia and to analyze them aggregately using natural language processing as a means to identify the next evolutions and revolutions and to mobilize policymakers to enhance outcomes of enacting policy.

Originality/value

Despite high hopes for the realization of Industry 4.0, there has been little discussion about the technological innovations and events that occurred to enable it. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that has determined that an aggregate analysis of manufacturing predictions would have preemptively revealed the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The success of the methodology used in this study has theoretical implications in support of natural language processing (NLP) being used to inform national policy.
Investigating the adoption of smart local government services: the impact of service quality, trust, and social influence
Authors: Hakeem M. J. , Sulphey M. M.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the factors that influence the adoption of public services through the latest smart apps designed to provide maximum services within urban local government.

Design/methodology/approach

The research is based on a thorough literature review, expert advice on public service delivery and four complementary theories. An empirical survey used a structured questionnaire to collect primary data from citizens in Indian local governments. The data was analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) and SmartPLS version 4 to assess the measurement and structural models.

Findings

The study confirmed that service quality, trust, effort expectancy and social influence are key factors for adopting smart app services. Trust and intention are mediators, while performance expectations do not impact the decision to use smart app services.

Research limitations/implications

The study includes a moderate sample size and a focus on a single developing country, which restricts its cross-cultural applicability. This research investigated the factors influencing individual adoption and use of local government services delivered through smart apps.

Practical implications

The study has significant implications for policymakers, researchers and implementers. It provides insights for developing strategies to increase the use of smart services, thereby enhancing local governance's efficiency, transparency and accountability.

Originality/value

This study enhances existing knowledge by adding service quality, trust and adoption to the model, which helps examine the factors affecting adoption. With limited research on local smart service app adoption, this study provides valuable insights.
Women as Participants and Promoters of Saints' Cults in Fifteenth‐Century Krakow
Authors: Pluta‐Saladra Edyta
Published: September 2024

This article examines issues relating to women's participation in religious cults at the local level in the fifteenth century. The research is based on the collections of Krakow's miracles. This analysis aims to show the social and cultural background to women's participation in local worship, their religious practices, and also their place in social and family structure. Research shows that women were engaged and active, which translated into the development of local cults. Local worship allowed women to fulfil their religious needs without major disturbances in their daily lives.
Channel restoration in urbanized systems: Guiding design using ecological flow targets and future management scenarios
Authors: Sytsma Anneliese , Philippus Daniel , Wolfand Jordyn M. , Irving Katie , Taniguchi‐Quan Kristine T. , Stein Eric D. , Hogue Terri S.
Published: September 2024

Restoration of urban rivers must simultaneously design for ecological habitat while accounting for altered flow regimes associated with urban runoff, flood protection, and industrial/wastewater discharge. The goal of this study was to use ecological flow targets to guide channel restoration of the Los Angeles (LA) River across potential future flow regimes. Using a one‐dimensional hydraulic model, we simulated a range of channel cross section configurations subject to different flow management decisions (wastewater reuse, low‐flow [LF] treatment, and baseflow augmentation). Hydraulic results were assessed relative to ecohydraulic targets for desirable aquatic species in the LA River (willow, steelhead trout, and Santa Ana sucker). Results suggest that, along the mainstem of the LA River, restoration designs that include narrow LF channels may support Santa Ana sucker habitat and steelhead migration if management decisions decrease instream flows (e.g., by reusing treated wastewater). However, the same channel design and management decisions may not provide conditions needed to propagate floodplain vegetation such as willows. In tributary reaches, flows are too low to support habitat conditions for Santa Ana sucker or steelhead but may be able to support riparian habitat if a soft‐bottom LF channel and active floodplain are present. In general, results illustrate the trade‐offs between water management goals and habitat requirements for target species.
Barley yellow dwarf virus in winter barley: Control in light of resistance issues and loss of neonicotinoid insecticides
Authors: Namara Louise Mc , Lacey Seán , Kildea Stephen , Schughart Maximilian , Walsh Lael , Doyle Deidre , Gaffney Michael T.
Published: September 2024

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is the most widespread viral disease of cereal crops vectored by aphids, causing stunting of the crop and significant yield loss. Management recommendations for autumn sown cereals has centred on the timely control of aphid vectors, particularly their management before the crop has reached Growth Stage 31 (stem elongation). In recent years two separate but related issues have emerged, (i) the detection of pyrethroid resistance in a single Sitobion avenae SA3 clone and (ii) the withdrawal of neonicotinoid insecticide seed dressing; widely used to manage aphids in the early development of cereal crops. A series of replicated field studies were conducted from 2016 to 2019 to ascertain if the pyrethroid insecticide is still effective in light of the SA3 clones' presence in aphid populations and if withdrawal of neonicotinoid seed dressings has negatively affected aphid management. Both disease levels and yields confirmed that the neonicotinoid, clothianidin, applied as a seed treatment significantly contributed to the management of BYDV in the different trials investigated. Results of this study demonstrate application of a foliar (lambda‐cyhalothrin or a sulfoxaflor) insecticide has a significant positive impact on yield. Foliar pyrethroid insecticides were as effective in protecting yield from BYDV as the neonicotinoid seed treatments. In the absence of neonicotinoid seed dressing, alternative insecticides still offer protection for winter barley crops against the aphid vectors of BYDV and associated yield loss. Furthermore, the presence of a pyrethroid resistant Sitobion avenae SA3 clone had no observable impact on field efficacy of the pyrethroid insecticide, lambda‐cyhalothrin in these trials. However, this needs continuous monitoring because of potential further increases in resistance levels or emergence of additional resistance mechanisms, which could render pyrethroid insecticides ineffective.
Impact of mechanical circulatory support on in‐hospital outcomes among patients with ventricular tachycardia requiring ablation
Authors: Hashimoto Kenji , Akkawi Abdul Rahman , Ghazal Mohamad , Briasoulis Alexandros , Kuno Toshiki
Published: September 2024

Background

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation is a high‐risk procedure, particularly due to the potential for hemodynamic instability. Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is increasingly utilized to manage these risks. This study investigated the in‐hospital outcomes of VT ablation with MCS use, emphasizing its impact on mortality and procedural complications.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed patients undergoing VT ablation from 2019 to 2020, using the National Inpatient Sample data. Patients aged 18 years and over were included. MCS includes a percutaneous left ventricular assist device (pLVAD), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and intraaortic balloon pump (IABP). We also conducted a subgroup analysis for patients experiencing cardiogenic shock (CS). The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality; secondary outcomes included acute kidney injury (AKI), AKI‐requiring dialysis, any bleeding events, gastrointestinal bleeding, ischemic stroke, heart transplant, and durable LVAD (dLVAD) utilization.

Results

We included 14 450 patients, of whom 6.5% utilized MCS. The MCS group showed a higher in‐hospital mortality rate than the non‐MCS group (24% vs. 2%, p < 0.01). Secondary outcomes showed statistically higher rates in the MCS group compared to the non‐MCS groups. Stratification by MCS modality did not affect outcomes except that pLVAD was associated with lower rates of AKI. In the CS subgroup, the MCS group exhibited significantly higher mortality compared to the non‐MCS group (32% vs. 8.4%, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

The use of MCS during VT ablation is associated with increased in‐hospital mortality, underscoring the severity of cases requiring such support. These findings show the need for careful assessment and optimal usage of MCS to enhance patient outcomes.
Problem constraints in ideation contests: How different types of constraints matter
Authors: Malhotra Arvind , Kubowicz Malhotra Claudia
Published: September 2024

Companies are turning to ideation contests to engage ideators outside company boundaries to solve their complex problems. Our research focusses on how articulating the problem, specifically the number and type of constraints described within the problem statement (brief), is related to the number of ideas submitted by participants in ideation contests. Specifically, we find that participant engagement, in terms of ideas submitted, varies with three different types of constraints—input, process and output. Contributions to the creativity literature as well as managerial implications are discussed.
Notch‐1 regulates collective breast cancer cell migration by controlling intercellular junction and cytoskeletal organization
Authors: Zhang Yixi , Qin Xiang , Guo Ronghua , Sun Xiyue , Zhao Zihan , Guo Hanyu , Wang Meng , Li Shun , Li Tingting , Lv Dong , Liu Yiyao
Published: September 2024

Pathological observations show that cancer cells frequently invade the surrounding normal tissue in collective rather than individual cell migration. However, general principles governing collective cell migration remain to be discovered. Different from individual cell migration, we demonstrated that the Notch‐1‐activation reduced collective cells speed and distances. In particular, Notch‐1‐activation induced cellular cytoskeletal remodelling, strengthened the intercellular junctions and cell‐matrix adhesions. Mechanistically, Notch‐1 activation prevented the phosphorylation of GSK‐3β and the translocation of cytoplasmic free β‐catenin to the nucleus, which increased E‐cadherin expression and tight intercellular junctions. Moreover, Notch‐1 signalling also activated the RhoA/ROCK pathway, promoting reorganization of F‐actin and contractile forces produced by myosin. Further, Notch‐1 activation increased cell adhesion to the extracellular substrate, which inhibited collective cell migration. These findings highlight that cell adhesions and cell–cell junctions contribute to collective cell migration and provide new insights into mechanisms of the modulation of Notch‐1 signalling pathway on cancer cell malignancy.
Incidental detection of non‐melanoma neoplasms in sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma staging: A retrospective case series
Authors: Agni Meghana , Fiorletta Quiroga Eleonora , Stevanovic Mirjana , Venkataraman Girish , Shalin Sara C.
Published: September 2024

Background

Patients with malignant melanoma have an increased risk of developing secondary hematologic malignancy, and patients with hematologic malignancies have an increased risk of developing melanoma. Rarely, sentinel lymph node biopsies (SLNBs) collected for melanoma staging might harbor lymphoma or even carcinoma, which may represent a second primary malignancy (SPM). Biopsied lymph node(s) might serve as the first site of recognition for a SPM. Yet, there has been little systematic investigation regarding the characteristics of incidental SPMs detected on SLNB for melanoma staging.

Methods

A series of cases of lymphomas and carcinomas were detected incidentally during SLNB for melanoma staging from two tertiary academic centers between 2000 and 2021.

Results

Fifteen cases of incidentally detected SPMs were reviewed, comprising 12 lymphomas and three carcinomas. The most common incidentally detected second malignancy was chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (60%, 9/15). There were three cases of incidentally detected metastatic carcinoma. Of all incidentally detected malignancies, 2/3 carcinomas and 4/12 lymphomas represented first‐time diagnoses of SPM in a melanoma patient. Forty percent of cases (6/15) also harbored metastatic melanoma in the sentinel lymph node.

Conclusions

It is possible to incidentally detect SPMs in SLNBs for melanoma staging. Early detection of SPMs in melanoma patients has implications for the treatment of both incidental SPM and melanoma.
Cross‐country inequalities in disease burden and care quality of chronic kidney disease due to type 2 diabetes mellitus, 1990–2021: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2021
Authors: Shan Shiyi , Luo Zeyu , Yao Lingzi , Zhou Jiali , Wu Jing , Jiang Denan , Ying Jiayao , Cao Jin , Zhou Liying , Li Sheyu , Song Peige
Published: September 2024

Aim

To explore the trend of burden and care quality of chronic kidney disease due to type 2 diabetes mellitus (CKD‐T2DM) and their cross‐country inequalities from 1990 to 2021.

Materials and Methods

Data were from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study. Disease burden and care quality were quantified using the disability‐adjusted life years rate and the quality‐of‐care index (QCI). Trend analyses of the age‐standardized disability‐adjusted life years rate (ASDR) and age‐standardized QCI from 1990 to 2021 were conducted using the estimated annual percentage change. The associations of disease burden and care quality with the socio‐demographic index (SDI) were explored. Cross‐country inequalities in disease burden and care quality were assessed using the slope index of inequality (SII) and concentration index.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, the global ASDR for CKD‐T2DM increased, while the age‐standardized QCI slightly decreased, with an estimated annual percentage change of 0.81 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75, 0.87] and −0.08 (95% CI: −0.09, −0.07). The ASDR escalated with increasing SDI, reaching a peak at mid‐level SDI, followed by a decrease. The age‐standardized QCI was higher with increasing SDI. Globally, ASDR concentrated on countries/territories with a lower SDI. The SII of ASDR was −96.64 (95% CI: −136.94, −56.35) in 1990 and −118.15 (95% CI: −166.36, −69.94) in 2021,  with a concentration index of −0.1298 (95% CI: −0.1904, −0.0692) in 1990 and −0.1104 (95% CI: −0.1819, −0.0389) in 2021. In 1990 and 2021, countries/territories at higher SDI levels exhibited increased age‐standardized QCI, indicated by an SII of 15.09 (95% CI: 10.74, 19.45) and 15.75 (95% CI: 10.92, 20.59), and a concentration index of 0.0393 (95% CI: 0.0283, 0.0503) and 0.0400 (95% CI: 0.0264, 0.0536).

Conclusions

Our study highlights considerable disparities in the burden and care quality of CKD‐T2DM. Regions experiencing an increasing burden and a declining care quality simultaneously underscore the need for further research and tailored health interventions.
Tirzepatide, a dual glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonist, exhibits favourable effects on pancreatic β‐cells and hepatic steatosis in obese type 2 diabetic db/db mice
Authors: Iwamoto Yuichiro , Kimura Tomohiko , Dan Kazunori , Iwamoto Hideyuki , Sanada Junpei , Fushimi Yoshiro , Katakura Yukino , Shimoda Masashi , Yamasaki Yuki , Nogami Yuka , Shirakiya Yoshiko , Nakanishi Shuhei , Mune Tomoatsu , Kaku Kohei , Kaneto Hideaki
Published: September 2024

Aim

Tirzepatide, a dual agonist of glucagon‐like peptide receptor and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor, is expected to exhibit high clinical efficacy in obese type 2 diabetic patients. We evaluated the effects of tirzepatide on pancreatic β‐cells and the liver, an insulin‐target organ, in a mouse model of obese type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Materials and Methods

Obese type 2 diabetic db/db mice (BKS.Cg−/+ Leprdb/+ Leprdb/Jcl*) were used in this study. Starting at 7 weeks of age, mice were treated with tirzepatide (30 nmol/kg, subcutaneous injection twice a week) or semaglutide (200 nmol/kg, subcutaneous injection twice a week). The control group received phosphate‐buffered saline (40–50 μL/subcutaneous injection twice a week). After 4 weeks of drug administration, pancreatic β‐cells and the liver were removed and examined.

Results

Compared to the control group, blood glucose and body weight were significantly reduced in the group that received either tirzepatide or semaglutide (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Fasting insulin was significantly higher in the semaglutide and tirzepatide groups compared to the control group (p < 0.001). β‐Cell mass and quality of insulin granules in β‐cells similarly increased in the semaglutide and tirzepatide groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). The fat staining area in the liver in oil red O staining and the liver–spleen ratio in computed tomography showed improvement only in the tirzepatide group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.005, respectively). Liver macrophage M1/M2 ratio similarly improved with semaglutide and tirzepatide (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Tirzepatide and semaglutide exhibited similar potent glucose‐lowering effects. At concentrations used in the present experiments, tirzepatide exhibited more beneficial effects on β‐cell‐related gene expression, insulin granule count and glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion compared to semaglutide. In addition, tirzepatide exhibited a stronger favourable effect on hepatic fat deposition and improved inflammation in the liver. This is the first report showing that tirzepatide, a novel diabetes drug, exhibits a superior effect on pancreatic β‐cells and the liver of obese type 2 diabetic mice.
The coexistence of low muscle mass and obesity evaluated by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, rather than low muscle mass or obesity alone, is associated with macrovascular but not microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Li Han , Su Weijuan , Zheng Zeyu , Li Jia , Wang Shunhua , Chen Zheng , Zhang Yuxian , Huang Bingkun , Lyu Fuping , Yan Fangfang , Huang Caoxin , Lin Mingzhu , Shi Xiulin , Li Xuejun
Published: September 2024

Aim

The prevalence of the coexistence of low muscle mass and obesity is increasing, particularly with a rising trend observed in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the association between the coexistence of low muscle mass and obesity and diabetic complications remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate these associations in patients with T2D.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective study was conducted, including 2387 hospitalized patients with T2DM. Data on demographic characteristics, biochemical parameters, diabetic complications and body composition was from electronic health records. The participants were categorized as control, low muscle mass, obesity and the coexistence of the low muscle mass and obesity groups according to the body compositions evaluated by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Multiple logistic regression models were applied to assess the associations between the pattern of body composition and complications of diabetes.

Results

After adjustment for potential confounders, compared with patients in the control group, the odds ratios [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] of macrovascular complications of diabetes were 0.62 (95% CI, 0.27–1.39) for those in the low muscle mass group, 1.12 (95% CI, 0.59–2.11) in the obesity group, and 2.43 (95% CI, 1.16–5.07) in the coexistence of the low muscle mass and obesity group, respectively; the odds ratios (95% CIs) of microvascular complications of diabetes were 0.86 (95% CI, 0.52–1.43) for those in the low muscle mass group, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.53–1.26) in the obesity group, and 1.21 (95% CI, 0.69–2.15) in the coexistence of the low muscle mass and obesity group, respectively.

Conclusion

According to our findings, the coexistence of low muscle mass and obesity, rather than low muscle mass or obesity alone, was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of macrovascular complications in hospitalized patients with T2DM. This association was not observed for diabetic microvascular complications.
Analysing the influence of dapagliflozin on urinary tract infection vulnerability and kidney injury in mice infected with uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Salamon Kristin , Linn‐Peirano Sarah , Simoni Aaron , de Dios Ruiz‐Rosado Juan , Becknell Brian , John Preeti , Schwartz Laura , Spencer John David
Published: September 2024

Aim

Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have revolutionized clinical medicine, but their association with urinary tract infection (UTI) risk remains debated. This study investigates the influence of dapagliflozin on UTI outcomes, focusing on kidney injury.

Materials and Methods

Female non‐diabetic C57BL/6J and C3H/HeOuJ mice, along with diabetic db/db mice, were orally administered dapagliflozin (1 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg) for 7 days before transurethral uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) infection. Mice were killed either 24 h after UTI or after six additional days of dapagliflozin treatment. UPEC titers were enumerated, and kidney histopathology, injury, fibrosis and function were assessed.

Results

Vehicle‐ and dapagliflozin‐treated C57BL/6J mice exhibited similar urine and bladder UPEC titers, with minimal kidney burden 24 h after UTI. In C3H/HeOuJ mice, UPEC burden was comparable in vehicle‐ and 1 mg/kg dapagliflozin‐treated groups both 24 h and 7 days after UTI. However, C3H/HeOuJ mice receiving 10 mg/kg dapagliflozin had increased UPEC titers in the urine, bladder and kidneys at both endpoints. Kidney injury and fibrosis markers, as well as kidney function, were similar in vehicle and dapagliflozin groups. In diabetic db/db mice receiving dapagliflozin, UPEC strain UTI89 titers were reduced 7 days after UTI compared to vehicle‐treated mice, but no difference in UPEC titers was observed when mice were infected with UPEC strain CFT073. Kidney injury and fibrosis markers and kidney function remained similar across treatment groups.

Conclusions

Dapagliflozin does not consistently influence UTI susceptibility and shows limited impact on kidney injury or fibrosis, suggesting SGLT2 inhibitors have minimal effects on UTI‐related kidney complications.
Developing an automated algorithm for identification of children and adolescents with diabetes using electronic health records from the OneFlorida+ clinical research network
Authors: Li Piaopiao , Spector Eliot , Alkhuzam Khalid , Patel Rahul , Donahoo William T. , Bost Sarah , Lyu Tianchen , Wu Yonghui , Hogan William , Prosperi Mattia , Dixon Brian E. , Dabelea Dana , Utidjian Levon H. , Crume Tessa L. , Thorpe Lorna , Liese Angela D. , Schatz Desmond A. , Atkinson Mark A. , Haller Michael J. , Shenkman Elizabeth A. , Guo Yi , Bian Jiang , Shao Hui
Published: September 2024

Aim

To develop an automated computable phenotype (CP) algorithm for identifying diabetes cases in children and adolescents using electronic health records (EHRs) from the UF Health System.

Materials and Methods

The CP algorithm was iteratively derived based on structured data from EHRs (UF Health System 2012–2020). We randomly selected 536 presumed cases among individuals aged <18 years who had (1) glycated haemoglobin levels ≥ 6.5%; or (2) fasting glucose levels ≥126 mg/dL; or (3) random plasma glucose levels ≥200 mg/dL; or (4) a diabetes‐related diagnosis code from an inpatient or outpatient encounter; or (5) prescribed, administered, or dispensed diabetes‐related medication. Four reviewers independently reviewed the patient charts to determine diabetes status and type.

Results

Presumed cases without type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosis codes were categorized as non‐diabetes/other types of diabetes. The rest were categorized as T1D if the most recent diagnosis was T1D, or otherwise categorized as T2D if the most recent diagnosis was T2D. Next, we applied a list of diagnoses and procedures that can determine diabetes type (e.g., steroid use suggests induced diabetes) to correct misclassifications from Step 1. Among the 536 reviewed cases, 159 and 64 had T1D and T2D, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values of the CP algorithm were 94%, 98% and 96%, respectively, for T1D and 95%, 95% and 73% for T2D.

Conclusion

We developed a highly accurate EHR‐based CP for diabetes in youth based on EHR data from UF Health. Consistent with prior studies, T2D was more difficult to identify using these methods.
Children and adolescent with suboptimal control of type 1 diabetes improve during the first 2 years on automated insulin delivery system
Authors: Kiilavuori Maaria , Varimo Tero , Tuomaala Anna‐Kaisa , Pulkkinen Mari‐Anne
Published: September 2024

Aims

This study investigates the influence of the automated insulin delivery system (AID) on glycaemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who do not reach optimal glycaemic control with traditional treatment options.

Materials and Methods

All the patients aged 7 to 16 years with T1D who initiated the AID system between 24 October 2020 and 5 January 2022 in the Helsinki University Hospital and had haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels above 53 mmol/mol/7.0% (N = 79) were included. Time in tight range (TITR), time in range (TIR), HbA1c, mean sensor glucose (SG) value, time below range (TBR) and SG coefficient of variance (CV) were measured at 0, 3, 12 and 24 months. The changes in the outcome measures between the time points were included in the analyses, and statistically significant level was p‐value <0.01.

Results

After the initiation of AID, glycaemic control improved, and the effect lasted throughout the study period. Between 0 and 3 months, TITR and TIR increased (mean 11.7% [10.6], mean 18.1% [standard deviation [SD] 13.7], p < 0.001), whereas HbA1c and mean SG values decreased significantly (−8.3 mmol/mol [8.7]/−2.9% [2.9], p < 0.001, −1.8 mmol/L [1.7], p < 0.001). These effects were sustainable and were still visible at 12 and 24 months.

Conclusions

Glycaemic control in patients not reaching treatment goals improved significantly after the initiation of the AID system, and the favourable effect lasted throughout the follow‐up. AID treatment could be an option for also those paediatric patients with T1D who do not have good skills in diabetes management.
Temperature and water content estimation in soils of the semi‐arid region of Brazil using finite difference and CFD
Authors: Pérez Daniel Milian , Gámez Rodríguez Abel , Ge Proenza Yaicel , Antonino Antonio Celso Dantas , Lima José Romualdo de Sousa , Neto Severino Martins dos Santos , Coutinho Artur Paiva , Correa Marcus Metri
Published: September 2024

Determining the temperature and water content of soil, at a given instant or along time, is fundamental to understand several soil‐related phenomena and processes. Evaporation, aeration, chemical‐reaction rates and types, biological processes such as germination and growth of seeds, root development, nutrient and water uptake by roots, and decomposition of organic matter by microbes, are all strongly influenced by soil temperature. On the other hand, infiltration of water through the soil surface allows soil to temporarily store water, making it available for uptake by plants and organisms living in soil. Furthermore, soil water content is closely related to physical and chemical properties of soil, such as oxygen content and demand, which impacts root breathing, microbial activity and soil chemical balance. The accurate evaluation of these two parameters and their interconnection is even relevant in semi‐arid regions, where climate conditions are particularly difficult, such as the north‐eastern zone of Brazil. Thus, the use of computational models and coupled approaches are imperative for rigorous descriptions. This work presents a contribution to estimate soil temperature and water content, by solving the heat transfer equation and the Richards equation, respectively, through finite differences. As input, the model uses the experimental material composition of the soil, the time‐dependent temperature profile at the surface and information about the regional rain regime. Three different numerical approaches were implemented: explicit, simple implicit and the Crank–Nicolson method. The calculations for temperature and water content of the soil obtained with these computational models were compared with the results from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The relative differences between the numerical methods were less than 0.006% by solving the heat transfer equation and less than 2.75% using the Richards equation. The maximum relative differences within the model, including both a constant and a variable water‐content profile, were 3.28%. The results from the computational model using the CFX tool have maximum relative differences of 0.6%, which contributes to verifying the accuracy of the implemented methods.
Pelvic autonomic dysfunction is common in patients with pure autonomic failure
Authors: Vichayanrat E. , Hentzen C. , Simeoni S. , Pakzad M. , Iodice V. , Panicker Jalesh N.
Published: September 2024

Background and Purpose

Pure autonomic failure (PAF) presents primarily as cardiovascular autonomic failure and may phenoconvert to other neurodegenerative disorders. However, the involvement of other autonomic functions has been poorly evaluated. This study aims to characterize genitourinary and bowel dysfunction and explore their relationship with cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction.

Methods

Pure autonomic failure patients underwent cardiovascular autonomic testing and an assessment of pelvic autonomic dysfunction using urinary, sexual symptoms questionnaires and a bladder diary. Demographic, clinical features and related medical comorbidities were assessed.

Results

Twenty‐five patients (10 males) with PAF were included (mean age 71 ± 8 years; disease duration 13 ± 8 years). 96% (24/25) reported lower urinary tract symptoms, of which overactive bladder symptoms were most commonly reported (n = 23; 92%; median overactive subscore 8, interquartile range [IQR] 3–11), followed by voiding difficulties (n = 19; 76%; median low stream subscore 2, IQR 1–3) using the Urinary Symptom Profile; however, only four (16%) required clean intermittent self‐catheterization. Sexual dysfunction was common (n = 21; 84%) using the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale. Mild faecal incontinence and constipation were reported. 86% (19/22) had nocturnal polyuria (NP) and the median NP index was 47% (IQR 38%–51%; normal range <33%). 77% (10/13) had voiding dysfunction and 31% (4/13) had post‐void residual urine >100 mL. There were no significant correlations between the need for catheterization and the degree of NP with age, disease duration and cardiovascular autonomic parameters (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Nocturnal polyuria, genitourinary and bowel symptoms are commonly seen in PAF. The pathophysiology of NP in PAF is most likely multifactorial and may occur independent of cardiovascular autonomic failure.
Management Control Shaping Dialogues: Attaching Differences and Reducing the Scope of Dialogs and Pluralism
Authors: Eriksson Kim , Häyrén Anneli , Wittbom Eva
Published: September 2024

In this article, we study how management control shapes dialogs among actors with different perspectives on the development of infrastructure in Sweden; that is, situations and events where management control “enters” dialogs and influences them. Building on agonistic pluralism and conducting a qualitative study, we identify two roles that management control has in shaping dialogs. One is that management controls attach differences to the dialog, and the other is that management reduces the scope of the dialog. These themes also highlight facilitating and shutting down pluralism and ideas of public value. This study contributes to the previous research that has called for taking pluralism seriously and exploring the role of management control in relation to public values, pluralism, and dialogs. This article provides an understanding of two roles that management control has in shaping dialogs: How ideas of different public values are facilitated and shut down, and how management control contributes to facilitating and shutting down pluralism.
Barriers and Facilitators to Dental Care Services Utilization Among Children With Disabilities: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis
Authors: Al‐Mashhadani Shiamaa , Nasser Mona , Alsalami Anas , Burns Lorna , Paisi Martha
Published: September 2024

Background

This systematic review investigates barriers and enablers to dental care utilization by disabled children. Given the high global prevalence of disabilities in children, coupled with poor oral hygiene and a 45% rate of dental caries in this group, developing inclusive oral health strategies is critical. The review aims to synthesize literature on factors affecting oral healthcare improvement for disabled children, identifying barriers, facilitators and knowledge gaps.

Methods

The review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute's methods and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search spanned multiple databases, considering perspectives from carers, parents, dentists and health professionals. The focus was on studies involving children up to age 17 with disabilities, as defined by WHO, using dental care services. Exclusions included non‐qualitative studies, populations over 18 and nondisabled children. There were no restrictions on publication date or language. Thematic synthesis of the studies extracted themes related to barriers and enablers in oral healthcare for disabled children.

Results

Thematic synthesis identified five overarching themes: stigma, communication issues, professional development, oral health education and medical‐dental collaboration. Facilitators included enhancing accessibility and availability of dental care through a holistic approach, improving dental care facility environments and ensuring skilled dental care providers.

Discussion

The review underscores the importance of interprofessional collaboration, improved parent/caregiver education and specialized dental facilities to support children with disabilities. It identifies key barriers and facilitators in dental care, including challenging stereotypes, improving communication between providers and parents, enhancing holistic training and addressing gaps in oral health education and integrated healthcare systems.

Conclusion

Addressing the complex dynamics of dental care for disabled children is essential for developing inclusive and effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. This review highlights the need for tailored approaches and enhanced support systems to improve oral health outcomes in this vulnerable population.

Patient and Public Contribution

The members of the family support department, Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Organization for Rare Disease and Disability who provided the disability voice and contributed to providing input to the review protocol.
Effect of fast‐food environments on children's eating behaviour: A random effect within between analysis within the Generation R Study
Authors: Peeters Thera A. M. , Mölenberg Famke J. M. , Jansen Pauline W. , Groeniger Joost Oude , van Lenthe Frank J. , Beenackers Mariëlle A.
Published: September 2024

Background

Focussing on appetitive traits associated with obesity, this study aimed to estimate the association between the fast‐food environment and satiety responsiveness, enjoyment of food and food responsiveness.

Methods

We used data from the Generation R Study. We included 2008 children with repeated measurements at the age of 4–10 years old. Three eating behaviour subscales from the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) were used as outcomes. Geographical Information System data were used to map individual‐level exposure to fast‐food outlets within 400 m from home. Random Effect Within Between (REWB) models were used to derive estimates. We tested for moderation of the associations with parental restriction at baseline using the parent‐reported Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ).

Results

We did not find evidence of between‐associations of fast‐food exposure and eating behaviour subscales. Considering within‐associations, an increase in absolute fast‐food exposure was associated with a significant marginal increase in satiety responsiveness (β: 0.02 [95% confidence interval: 0.00–0.03]). No moderation by parental restriction was found.

Conclusions

In environments with ubiquitous fast‐food outlets, an increased exposure to fast‐food outlets does not seem to have a substantial impact on eating behaviour. Further research is needed to better understand how fast‐food exposure contributes to overweight.
Reflections on government‐led social assistance programmes under Zimbabwe's National Social Protection Policy Framework: A social contract lens
Authors: Ncube Tomy , Murray Una
Published: September 2024

Social protection has gained global recognition for its role in addressing poverty, yet delivering social protection remains an intractable challenge for governments in the Global South. In this article, we assess the performance of government‐run social assistance in Zimbabwe. Our assessment begins in 2016 when the National Social Protection Policy Framework (NSPPF) was promulgated to maximize returns on social investments. Utilizing a systematic review approach, we collated literature published between 2016–2023. We find that despite adopting the NSPPF, social protection programming remains a challenge in Zimbabwe. We find that the disbursement of transfers to beneficiaries are delayed, benefits are misaligned with market forces due to inflation, most programmes are run without monitoring and evaluation structures, funding in the sector remains inadequate to reduce poverty and vulnerability, and no grievance and redress mechanisms exist. Our synthesis underscores the need for the refreshment of the social contract in Zimbabwe, a renewal of political will to finance social assistance programmes, engagement to transform policy into action, the expansion of the civic space to ensure citizens effectively participate in calling for social assistance, as well as concerted efforts towards harmonizing existing social assistance programmes. We highlight the need to embed social protection within a human rights‐based framework, and the need for robust monitoring frameworks along with predictable and dedicated financing.
Remittance‐financed social protection programmes for international migrant workers in Latin America
Authors: García Cristina López‐Cancio
Published: September 2024

In recent years in Latin America, a small number of contributory social protection programmes have been extended on a voluntary basis to cover migrant workers, with affiliation financed by these workers’ remittances. That remittances offer a means to finance social protection programmes demonstrates the possibilities presented by international migration not only as regards improving social protection coverage but in contributing towards achieving target 1.3 of the Sustainable Development Goals 2030 Agenda. This article addresses voluntary insurance programmes introduced in Ecuador, Guatemala and Mexico for nationals working abroad and by means of which the families of such international migrant workers can also access health care and benefits in their home countries. In turn, international migrant workers on returning home can gain eligibility for a contributory retirement pension and disability benefits if they satisfy eligibility as well as the contribution conditions.
Vascular complications in renal transplantation: The Johannesburg experience
Authors: Lourldas George , Botha J. René , Meyers Anthomy M. , Myburgh Johannes A.
Published: September 2024

The aim of this retrospective study, involving 909 renal transplants in 773 patients, was to determine the incidence of vascular complications. Four patients had isolated calf vein thrombosis (0.4%), 13 had ileofemoral thrombosis (1.4%), 3 had superficial vein thrombosis (0.3%), 10 developed pulmonary emboli (1.1%), 6 had renal vein thrombosis (0.66%), 3 had renal artery thrombosis (0.3%), 3 had renal artery stenosis, 2 patients developed anastomotic aneurysms and a further patient ruptured his arterial anastomosis. Cyclosporine has not increased the incidence of thrombosis since its introduction to the unit.
Hemolytic‐uremic syndrome during cyclosporine immunosuppression in renal allograft recipients
Authors: Berden J. H. M. , Netten P. , van Liessum P. A. , Hoitsma A. J. , Assman K. J. M. , Monnens L A. , Koene R. A. P.
Published: September 2024

A hemolytic‐uremic syndrome (HUS) occurred during cyclosporine (CsA) immunosuppression after renal transplantation in 4 patients. Clinically it was characterized by a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypertension and deterioration of graft function. Histology of the graft demonstrated, in all patients, massive glomerular and afferent arteriolar thrombosis with fibrin deposits. Ultrastructurally, endothelial cell damage could be demonstrated. These clinical and histological abnormalities are characteristic of HUS. The development of HUS after transplantation was a recurrence in 1 patient, and a de novo manifestation in 3 others. After cessation of CsA treatment and daily infusion of fresh plasma, graft function recovered in 2 patients while in the 2 others the graft was lost. One patient who recovered was also treated with a continuous infusion of prostacyclin during 1 wk. These observations show that during CsA treatment there is an increased risk for the development of HUS, and that this is not limited to patients who had HUS as their original disease.
Risk factors for skin carcinogenesis in immunosuppressed kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Kelly Graham E. , Mahony John F. , Sheil A. G. Ross , Meikle William D. , Tiller David S. , Horvath John
Published: September 2024

Immunosuppressed kidney transplant recipients have increased susceptibility to skin carcinogenesis, the incidence of skin cancer increasing with time following transplantation. In this study, 73 kidney transplant recipients surviving 7.8–12.7 yr following transplantation were investigated in order to identify risk factors associated with the development of skin cancer. The patients were treated with azathioprine and prednisone therapy. Thirty one (42%) developed skin cancer. Positive risk factors were an Anglo‐Saxon or Celtic ethnic origin, blue eyes, fair complexion, relative sensitivity to sunlight, and increasing age. Development of skin cancer also correlated positively with development of cancer of other organs and a lower number of acute rejection episodes involving the transplanted kidney. Factors with no association with skin cancer development were degree of sun exposure (occupational and leisure) following transplantation, history of verrucae vulgaris, or of skin infections with herpes simplex or zoster, cause of primary kidney failure, level of graft function, and cumulative azathioprine dosage.