bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic burden of brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer patients in South Korea: A retrospective cohort study using nationwide claims data
Authors: Shim Yoon-Bo , Byun Joo-Young , Lee Ju-Yong , Lee Eui-Kyung , Park Mi-Hai
Published: September 2022

Brain metastases (BM) are common in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the pure economic burden of BM is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of BM on healthcare costs and resource utilization in patients with NSCLC by comparing patients with and without BM. This was a retrospective cohort analysis of South Korean health insurance review and assessment claims data. Patients with stage IIIB or IV NSCLC were identified (March 1, 2013 to February 28, 2018). We compared their two-year and per-patient-per-month (PPPM) healthcare costs and resource utilization with 1:3 propensity score-matched patients without the condition. A generalized linear model was used to estimate the impact of BM and other covariates on healthcare costs. After propensity score matching with the 33 402 newly diagnosed cases of stage IIIB or IV NSCLC, 3435 and 10 305 patients were classified as having or not having BM, respectively. Mean healthcare costs were significantly greater in patients with BM for both the two years (US$ 44 692 vs. US$ 32 230, p < .0001) and PPPM (US$ 3510 vs. US$ 2573, p < .0001). The length of hospital stay was longer in patients with BM (79.15 vs. 69.41 days for two years, p < .0001; 7.69 vs. 6.86 days PPPM, p < .0001), and patients with BM had more outpatient visits (50.61 vs. 46.43 times for two years, p < .0001; 3.64 vs. 3.40 times PPPM costs, p < .0001). The costs of drugs, radiology/radiotherapy, and admission comprised the majority of PPPM costs and were higher in patients with BM. The generalized linear model analysis suggested that patients with BM had significantly increased healthcare costs (by 1.29-fold, 95% confidence interval 1.26–1.32). BM is a significant economic burden for patients with NSCLC. Therefore, it is important to prevent BM in patients with NSCLC to reduce their economic burden.
Examining the contingency between emotional words and genders: Evidence from the media corpus of #MeToo movement
Authors: Kumar Roopak , Tarai Shashikanta
Published: September 2022

Gender inequalities are linguistically constructed and indexed through the strategic use of language representing the power structure in the physical world. Recently, #MeTooIndia, an Indian version of the global feminist movement, provided a scholarly opportunity to explore the gender stereotypes of emotional expressions. Even though some researchers have studied the sociocultural dimensions of #MeToo, the corpus-based linguistic analysis of this movement has yet to be explored significantly. Therefore, the current study investigated the discursive association of emotional representation of masculine and feminine genders in media texts. Given the societal nature of Indian patriarchal ideologies, power and gender stereotypes, we hypothesize that Indian mass media, as a powerful political actor, may attribute more positive lexicons to the masculine pronoun he and more negative markers to the feminine pronoun she. Textual genres of #MeToo were extracted from the print media by using the corpus framework of collocational and concordance methods. Our results revealed that, though the news of #MeToo heightened the feminine actor and largely produced the pronoun she in the referential position, the narratives of texts assigned more positive emotive markers to the masculine social actors. Overall, this study concludes that #MeToo as a gender movement has faced strategic linguistic resistance against feminine sexual victims, favouring the masculine actors.
The biopic screenplay as a research output: Towards a working definition of narrative fiction filmmaking methodology
Authors: Bentham Michael
Published: September 2022

Can the writing of a screenplay or the making of a narrative fiction film be considered a form of academic research? This will be a familiar question for those professional filmmakers entering the academy. To answer this question, scholars of screenwriting and screen production face the difficulty of articulating their creative practiceasresearch within the broader institutional research cultures of the academy. This article seeks to overcome this difficulty by reflecting on the methods employed in the process of screenwriting a biopic about British boxer Randolph Turpin. To demonstrate how screenwriting and screen production practice generates and disseminates new knowledge, I offer a working definition ofnarrative fiction filmmaking as methodology, wheremise en scèneis shown to operate as a core reflective strategy.
Creative Practice Research in the Age of Neoliberal Hopelessness, Agnieszka Piotrowska (ed.) (2020)
Authors: Shelton James
Published: September 2022

Review of: Creative Practice Research in the Age of Neoliberal Hopelessness, Agnieszka Piotrowska (ed.) (2020)

Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 326 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-47446-356-0, h/bk, £85.00
Raquel Gutiérrez Sebastián. En los albores de la novela rural. «El sabor de la tierruca» de José María de Pereda
Authors: Dorca Toni
Published: September 2022

Reseña de: Raquel Gutiérrez Sebastián. En los albores de la novela rural. «El sabor de la tierruca» de José María de Pereda. Vigo: Editorial Academia del Hispanismo, 2021. 180 pp. ISBN: 9788417696450.
Fiscal system and policy, with a special focus on Kosovo
Authors: Neziraj Elshani Arijeta
Published: September 2022

As it is known, the fiscal system and policy are closely related to the socio-economic system of the country in which they operate. Therefore, each country has its own fiscal system and policy, which adapts to its socio-economic system and the achieved level of economic development. Although, regardless of these differences, there are also common elements, measures and instruments of fiscal policy. The fiscal system and policy are sub-systems of the economic system of the respective country and depend on it. However, the fiscal system and policy differ in countries with market economies and in countries with planned and directed economies.

Therefore, differences in the fiscal system and policy at the time of international integration processes-globalization, represent significant obstacles in economic transactions between different countries of the world. These changes are presented in the type of measures and instruments in the tax scope, in the structure of tax revenues, in the level of customs rates, VAT, the level of the tax rate in revenues, salaries, etc., as well as in facilities different that are implemented not linearly, but according to political relations that one country has with other countries. Globalization, respectively, international economic integration processes, are developing with great intensity, which are affecting the deepening of the advancement of national integration processes between the countries of the world which are facing certain problems in the field of legal infrastructure and fiscal policy instruments. There is no doubt that some fiscal policy measures and instruments play an important role in international economic transactions, but they can also be an obstacle to the internationalization of the flow of goods and services.

The role of the fiscal system and policy from the state point of view, is seen in fact as sources of budget revenues of a country that are provided mainly by the measures and instruments of fiscal policy. Also, the material (financial) position of economic entities significantly depends on the implemented fiscal policy. Therefore, fiscal policy enables the state public (budget) revenues, which allows them to meet the general and common needs of citizens, on one hand, and economic entities to carry out their activity and business, in the other hand.

In this paper, we have addressed public finances including in particular, fiscal system and policy. At the beginning we gave the definition and importance of public finances for the functioning of the state and economic - social development. A particular part of this paper is the fiscal system and policy, implemented in Kosovo in the post-independence period.
Utilization Of A Rotational Thrombectomy Catheter In Treatment Of A Thrombosed TIPS Stent Graft And Adjacent Portal Vein: A Single Case Study
Authors: Stibbs Peter
Published: September 2022

Trans jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation is a minimally-invasive procedure developed by Josef Rösch in 1971 to decompress the hepatic portal system to manage complications of portal hypertension by creating a conduit between the hepatic and portal vein to reduce portal venous pressure via shunting¹ Due to multiple factors with regards to the hepatic disease state and pressure gradients across the shunt, it is not uncommon to see these artificial shunts thrombose with studies demonstrating 10% thrombosis rates at 1-2 years² Due to the complexity and curvature of the vascular anatomy of the liver it can be challenging to treat TIPS stent graft thrombosis . This case study presents the utilization of a 7 French, 135cm rotational pharmacomechanical thrombectomy device to perform thrombectomy of a Viatorr stent graft (Gore Medical, Flagstaff, AZ, USA) and adjacent portal vein.
Enhanced axonal outgrowth and nerve cell network formation of mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro supplemented with vitamins B1, B6 and B12
Authors: Bohnhorst Patrizia
Published: September 2022

Biochemical functions of the neurotropic B vitamins such as thiamine (B1), pyridoxine (B6), and cobalamin (B12) in the nervous system are well described in bibliographic literature. However, it is still not well understood how depletion of neurotropic B vitamins affects neuronal cell health. In order to further study the important role of vitamins B1, B6 and B12 in maintaining nerve cell viability, the following experiment was carried out. In this current study we investigated the effects of vitamins B1, B6 and B12 compared to neurotropic B vitamin depletion on axonal outgrowth and nerve cell network formation of mouse dorsal root ganglion (mDRG) neurons
in vitro over a 6-day period and quantified axonal length as well as cell body area automatically. Axonal outgrowth (neurite length [Phase] (mm)/cell body cluster) was imaged every 6 hours in live cells in real time during 6 days using the IncuCyte® S3 Live-Cell Analysis System with 20x magnification (9 fields/well). Resulting values were statistically analysed using One-way ANOVA (analysis of variance). In addition, we performed immunocytochemistry using beta-III tubulin staining in order to assess the health of the underlying beta-tubulin network necessary for supporting axonal outgrowth. Our results demonstrated that the absence of neurotropic vitamins B1, B6, and B12 leads to progressive neurodegeneration of primary cultures of mDRG neurons. While the time of onset of the degeneration response varied slightly between cultures, it generally appeared to begin 3–4 days after B vitamin removal. Therefore, we conclude that neurotropic vitamins B1, B6, and B12 support cell viability, neurite growth as well as nerve cell network formation of healthy mouse DRG neurons and are, thus, essential for nerve health and the maintenance of a healthy nerve function.
The origins of Education Policy Analysis Archives in an era of early open access publishing
Authors: Glass Gene V
Published: September 2022

In conjunction with the 30th anniversary of the open access scholarly journal, Education Policy Analysis Archives, Founder and Editor Emeritus Gene V Glass presents a brief history of the journal, including its online predecessors and offshoots, within the context of computer and information technology developments and the early open access movement in scholarly publishing.
Audiovisual perception of a historical route in Konya city (Türkiye)
Authors: Badauod Sarah , Deniz Topçu Kadriye
Published: September 2022

To perceive our world, the city we live in, and communicate with the urban elements surrounding us, information from other sensory sources (such as auditory, touch, and smell) as well as visual perception are very important and deeply affecting data. With the help of all the sensory data they feel, people attach meanings to the space, feel a sense of belonging, connect to the space, and transform the space into a 'living space'. It is stated by many studies that this issue is very important in the design of a sustainable urban environment. From this point of view, the main purpose of this study is to understand the interaction of the visual and auditory characteristics of the urban space with each other and how these interactions are evaluated by the individuals using the space with inquiries such as ‘Is the visual value also high in areas with high soundscape value?’ or ‘Does the visuality of the urban environment affect sound quality assessments? Within the scope of the study, the axis between Konya High-Speed Train Station and Mevlana Tomb, an important axis in terms of the city’s vision, was selected as a sample area. This axis is about 3 km. long and has many historical identity values and central functions of Konya city. For the study, soundwalking and the questionnaire application method accompanying this walk on the sample axis were used. Acoustic characteristics of the axis were also understood with sound intensity measurements (dB levels). Photographs taken from the area and the questionnaire application to measure the user's perspective were used to understand the visual attractiveness of the sample axis. The study was carried out with a total of 92 people participating in the study. In the next step, the data obtained from all these analyses are integrated, and detailed evaluations were made on the determined parts and the whole axis. As a result of the study, it was seen that the relationship between the auditory and visual environment was not directly proportional across the selected sample axis. At this point, it can be said that the importance of the context in which the auditory landscape is perceived is obvious.
Keinginan Berhenti Merokok pada Pelajar Perokok di Smk Swasta Kota Semarang
Authors: Napitupulu Evani Ida , Widjanarko Bagoes , Husodo Besar Tirto
Published: September 2022

Latar Belakang: Merokok masih menjadi salah satu masalah terbesar kesehatan yang dapat menyebabkan kematian. Usia remaja adalah usia inisiasi para perokok. Berhenti merokok merupakan suatu bentuk proses, yang dimulai dengan pembentukan niat dalam diri individu. Kunci utama keberhasilan program berhenti merokok adalah adanya niat yang kuat dari perokok untuk berhenti merokok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi intensi berhenti merokok pada remaja khususnya pada siswa SMK.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel dipilih menggunakan total populasi yang didapat melalui angket dengan kriteria inklusi adalah siswa laki-laki perokok aktif di SMK X Kota Semarang yang berjumlah 72 siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square.Hasil: Sebagian besar responden memiliki niat untuk berhenti merokok sebesar 60,0%. Variabel yang berhubungan dengan intensi berhenti merokok antara lain : sikap responden (p-value 0,002), norma Subjektif (p-value 0,000), persepsi kontrol perilaku (p-value 0,000)Simpulan dan Saran: Pemberian edukasi atau layanan berhenti merokok bagi siswa perokok diperlukan untuk membantu siswa dalam berhenti merokok.Title: Smoking Cessation Intention among Vocational Student Smoker Teenagers in Semarang City  Background: Smoking is a bad habit that is always inherent among teenagers. Teenagers is the age of initiation of smokers. Stop smoking is a form of process, which starts with the formation of an intention in an individual. The main key to the success of the smoking cessation program is the intention of smokers to stop smoking. The purpose of this study to determine the factors that can affect the intention to stop smoking in adolescents, especially in vocational students.Method: This research is a quantitative research with cross sectional approach. The sample was selected using the total population obtained through questionnaires with inclusion criteria were male active smokers in Vocational High School X Semarang, amounting to 72 students. The analytical data was conducted univariate and bivariate analysis using Chi Square test.Result: Most respondents had the intention to stop smoking by 60.0%. The variables related to smoking cessation intention are : Behavioral Belief (p-value 0,002), Subjective norms (p-value 0,000), perceived of behavioral control (p-value 0,000).Conclusion:. Provision of smoking cessation education or services for students who smoke is needed to help students stop smoking. Keywords: intention, smoking, adolescent, smoking cessation
Pencegahan Penyebaran Covid-19 di Fasilitas Umum Keagamaan Masjid Dengan Metode Hazard Identification Risk Assessment (HIRA)
Authors: Yusuf Abdul Mazid , Manaf Irfan , Anissa Lentiani , Yulianti Almaida , Pratama Muhammad Rivaldi , Taufik Ahmad , Salafudin Salafudin
Published: September 2022

Latar Belakang: Kekhawatiran masyarakat meningkat sejalan dengan meluasnya penularan COVID-19 di hampir seluruh penjuru dunia dan protokol untuk menurunkan tingkat penurunan di sejumlah negara lainnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi bahaya, mengidentifikasi bahaya, mengetahui level resiko, dan langkah pengendalian resiko berkaitan dengan potensi penularan COVID-19. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif-observatif dimana sebagian besar referensi dan data-data literatur diperoleh melalui media internet dengan berfokus pada metode HIRA. Objek penelitian adalah masjid meliputi area sholat utama, ruang audio, teras, toilet dan tempat wudhu.Hasil: Hasil identifikasi terdapat 13 sumber potensi bahaya, 7 potensi bahaya level sangat tinggi, 3 potensi bahaya level tinggi, 2 potensi bahaya level sedang dan 1 potensi level rendah. Simpulan: Faktor penyebab potensi bahaya antara lain: kurangnya informasi, kesadaran masyarakat kurang dan sikap memperingatkan yg tidak tegas. Untuk mengurangi resiko tersebut dilakukan pengendalian resiko meliputi administrasi, eliminasi, substitusi, dan APD.Kata Kunci: COVID-19, HIRA, potensi bahaya, masjid, pengendalian resiko ABSTRACTTitle: Prevention of Covid-19 Spread in the Mosque's Public Religious Facilities Using the Hazard Identification Risk Assessment (HIRA) MethodBackground: As Pandemic of Covid-19 around the world the higher the concerns raised from governments, workers and organizations face major challenges in combating the Covid-19 pandemic and protecting safety and health in the work environment. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential for hazards, identify hazards, determine the level of risk, and risk control measures related to the potential transmission of Covid-19.Method: This research is a descriptive-observative study where most of the references and literature data are obtained through internet media by focusing on the HIRA method. The object of research is the mosque covering the main prayer area, audio room, terrace, toilet and ablution place.Result: The identification results found 13 sources of potential hazards, 7 very high level potential hazards, 3 high level potential hazards, 2 moderate level potential hazards and 1 low level potential. Conclusion: Factors causing potential hazards include: lack of information, lack of public awareness and indecisive warning. To reduce these risks, risk control include administration, elimination, substitution, and PPE.Keywords: Covid-19, HIRA, potential danger, mosque, risk control
Hubungan Karakteristik dan Tingkat Stres Primary Family Caregiver dengan Kualitas Hidup Penderita Stroke Iskemik di RSUD Dr. H. Slamet Martodirdjo Pamekasan
Authors: Apriliyanti Itsnatur Rizkiyah , Bumi Candra , Ersanti Arina Mufida
Published: September 2022

Latar belakang: Penilaian kualitas hidup sangat penting bagi penderita stroke karena dapat merencanakan dan mengevaluasi keberhasilan terapi pasca stroke. Kualitas hidup penderita stroke dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan PFC yang membantu perawatan jangka panjangnya selama di rumah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan karakteristik dan tingkat stres PFC dengan kualitas hidup penderita stroke iskemik di RSUD Dr. H. Slamet Martodirdjo Pamekasan.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif yang menggunakan metode survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan sejak bulan Mei sampai Oktober tahun 2021 di kabupaten Pamekasan. Populasi penelitian ini adalah penderita stroke yang rawat jalan di RSUD Dr. H. Slamet Martodirdjo Pamekasan pada tahun 2019 sampai Maret tahun 2021 yaitu sebanyak 1.012 orang dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 103 orang yang diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah Chi-Square Test.Hasil: Hasil uji chi square menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan (p=0,047) dan tingkat stres (p=0,008) PFC memiliki hubungan dengan kualitas hidup penderita stroke. Usia, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, pendapatan, dan hubungan kekerabatan PFC penderita stroke tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kualitas hidup penderita stroke.Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara pendidikan dan tingkat stres PFC dengan kualitas hidup penderita stroke.Kata kunci: Kualitas Hidup; Stroke; PFC; StresABSTRACTTitle: The Relationship Characteristic and Stress Level of Primary Family Caregiver with Ischemic Stroke Patients Life Quality at Regional Public Hospital Dr. H. Slamet Martodirdjo Pamekasan.Background: Quality of life assessment is very important for stroke patients because it can plan and evaluate the efficacy of post-stroke therapy. Stroke survivors life quality influenced by the presence of PFC that help in their long-term care at home. The purpose of this study was to analyze relationship between characteristics and stress levels of PFC with ischemic stroke patients life quality at Regional Public Hospital Dr. H. Slamet Martodirdjo Pamekasan.Method: This research was conducted from May to October 2021 in Pamekasan district. The population of this study are stroke patients who were outpatients at RSUD Dr. H. Slamet Martodirdjo Pamekasan in 2019 to March 2021, it was the amount of 1,012 people and 103 people total sample taken by simple random sampling technique. Result: The results of chi square test showed that education (p = 0.047) and stress level (p = 0.008) of PFC had a relationship with stroke patients life quality. Age, gender, occupation, income, and PFC kinship of stroke patients had no relationship with stroke patients life quality.Conclusion: There is a relationship between education and stress level of PFC with stroke patients life quality.Keywords: Quality of Life; Stroke; PFC; Stress
From the roots to the new blossoming buds of Applied Linguistics in Europe
Authors: Miras Grégory , Gnach Aleksandra
Published: September 2022

This editorial reports on the special issue “New Generation of Applied Linguists in Europe” which highlights the work of early career researchers in the field of Applied Linguistics who participated in one of the last AILA Europe Junior researchers’ Meeting (JRM). It aims to offer a reflection from the roots to the new blossoming buds of Applied Linguistics in Europe. We will review the emergence of Applied Linguistics in Europe through the challenges of creating its different affiliates. Then, we will present the levers for the emergence of a European network. We will conclude with the logic behind the selected papers.
Properties of restricted randomization with implications for experimental design
Authors: Nordin Mattias , Schultzberg Mårten
Published: September 2022

Recently, there has been increasing interest in the use of heavily restricted randomization designs which enforce balance on observed covariates in randomized controlled trials. However, when restrictions are strict, there is a risk that the treatment effect estimator will have a very high mean squared error (MSE). In this article, we formalize this risk and propose a novel combinatoric-based approach to describe and address this issue. First, we validate our new approach by re-proving some known properties of complete randomization and restricted randomization. Second, we propose a novel diagnostic measure for restricted designs that only use the information embedded in the combinatorics of the design. Third, we show that the variance of the MSE of the difference-in-means estimator in a randomized experiment is a linear function of this diagnostic measure. Finally, we identify situations in which restricted designs can lead to an increased risk of getting a high MSE and discuss how our diagnostic measure can be used to detect such designs. Our results have implications for any restricted randomization design and can be used to evaluate the trade-off between enforcing balance on observed covariates and avoiding too restrictive designs.
Addressing educational inequity of Black students by demolishing the school-to-prison pipeline
Authors: Keyes Starr E.
Published: September 2022

There is a plethora of literature regarding disproportionality in special education, school discipline, and the School-to-Prison Pipeline (STPP). The literature also describes the far-reaching ramifications for African American and other historically marginalized students not receiving the quality education to which they are entitled. These ramifications include poor outcomes in school (e.g., problems with retention and lack of reading proficiency), and lower quality of life outside of school (e.g., lack of high-quality jobs and homelessness). This article discusses factors that contribute to disciplinary exclusion of Black students and other historically marginalized and oppressed populations (e.g., students with disabilities). In addition, it provides research-based practices that teachers, schools, districts, and universities can enact to reduce disciplinary disproportionality, foster more inclusive environments, and help put an end to the STPP.
Biotic farming using organic fertilizer for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Ganesan Subbulakshmi
Published: September 2022

In these modern times, population increase is one of the major problems we, humans face. This brings a huge demand for resources; especially for agricultural resources. This requires us to produce large amounts of agricultural products. This was and is still being achieved through technological farming which uses excessive or large amounts of different weedicides, pesticides and chemical fertilizers which could produce large amounts of agricultural products, but the repercussions of using these chemical substances is immense for both the agricultural land and the people who consume the agricultural products. Due to the long-term usage of these chemicals the soil loses its fertility and pollutes the soil to the extent where its ability to sustain life is lost. Organic farming is the only way to resolve these problems. It is one of the most eco-friendly ways of farming which has the least effect on the environment and the population. It is an agricultural system where fertilizers and pesticides produced organically is used. Most commonly used fertilizers here are green manure and compost manure. This type of farming neither consumes nor releases synthetic pesticides and other harmful chemicals, thus it maintains the organic matter and nutritive value of the soil. Intensive agriculture, which makes extensive use of agrochemicals, has undoubtedly increased farm commodity output, but the negative impact of these chemicals on soil structure, soil microbiology, water quality, food, fodder and food materials is abundantly obvious. Pesticides and fertilizer nitrates have been identified in ground water in numerous agricultural areas due to chemical leaching. This can lead to different environmental problems and is one of the reasons for different diseases seen in people living near agricultural land.
Inactivation of the Basolateral Amygdala to Insular Cortex Pathway Makes Sign-Tracking Sensitive to Outcome Devaluation
Authors: Keefer Sara E. , Kochli Daniel E. , Calu Donna J.
Published: September 2022

Goal-tracking (GT) rats are sensitive to Pavlovian outcome devaluation while sign-tracking (ST) rats are devaluation insensitive. During outcome devaluation, GT rats flexibly modify responding to cues based on the current value of the associated outcome. However, ST rats rigidly respond to cues regardless of the current outcome value. Prior work demonstrated disconnection of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and anterior insular cortex (aIC) decreased both GT and ST behaviors. Given the role of these regions in appetitive motivation and behavioral flexibility, we predicted that disrupting BLA to aIC pathway during outcome devaluation would reduce flexibility in GT rats and reduce rigid appetitive motivation in ST rats. We inhibited the BLA to aIC pathway by infusing inhibitory DREADDs (hM4Di-mcherry) or control (mCherry) virus into the BLA and implanted cannulae into the aIC to inhibit BLA terminals using intracranial injections of clozapine N-oxide (CNO). After training, we used a within-subject satiety-induced outcome devaluation procedure in which we sated rats on training pellets (devalued condition) or homecage chow (valued condition). All rats received bilateral CNO infusions into the aIC before brief nonreinforced test sessions. Contrary to our hypothesis, BLA-IC inhibition did not interfere with devaluation sensitivity in GT rats but did make ST behaviors sensitive to devaluation. Intermediate rats showed the opposite effect, showing rigid responding to cues with BLA-aIC pathway inactivation. Together, these results demonstrate BLA-IC projections mediate tracking-specific Pavlovian devaluation sensitivity and highlights the importance of considering individual differences in Pavlovian approach when evaluating circuitry contributions to behavioral flexibility.
Equality within Our Lifetimes: How Laws and Policies Can Close—or Widen—Gender Gaps in Economies Worldwide
Authors: Heymann Jody , Sprague Aleta , Raub Amy
Published: September 2022

Well into the twenty-first century, achieving gender equality in the economy remains unfinished business. Worldwide, women’s employment, income, and leadership opportunities lag men’s. Building and using a one-of-a-kind database that covers 193 countries, this book systematically analyzes how far we’ve come and how far we have to go in adopting evidence-based solutions to close the gaps. Spanning topics including girls’ education, employment discrimination of all kinds, sexual harassment, and caregiving needs across the life course, the authors bring the findings to life through global maps, stories of laws’ impact in courts and beyond, and case studies of making change. A powerful call to action, Equality within Our Lifetimes reveals how gender equality is both feasible and urgently needed to address some of the greatest challenges of our generation.
A field guide to Aurora kinase inhibitors: an oocyte perspective
Authors: Blengini Cecilia S , Ik Jung Gyu , Aboelenain Mansour , Schindler Karen
Published: September 2022

In brief

The Aurora protein kinases have critical functions in controlling oocyte meiotic maturation. In this study, we describe an assay for examining their activation state in oocytes and establish the best working doses of three commonly used inhibitors.

Several small molecule inhibitors exist for targeting Aurora kinase proteins in somatic cells. From this point of view, we evaluate the specificity of these inhibitors in mouse oocytes, and we demonstrate that MLN 8237 and AZD 1152 are specific for Aurora kinase A and Aurora kinase C, respectively, only when used at low concentrations.
Lower-temperature pyrolysis to prepare biochar from agricultural wastes and adsorption for Pb2+
Authors: Zhang Chunyan , He Chunxia , Qiao Yinhu
Published: September 2022

Many agricultural activities generate large quantities of biomass wastes. Using these wastes to produce value-added products or energy has become very important in recent years. Heavy metals such as lead are among the most toxic chemical water pollutants from natural or anthropogenic sources. The goals of this work were to prepare three biochars from maize straw (BMS), sunflower straw (BSS), and wheat straw (BWS) under partial limited oxygen condition and to characterize their ability to adsorb Pb2+ from water. The sorption kinetics as well as the influence of solution pH and Pb2+ concentration was investigated. The three biochars had a good performance for Pb2+ adsorption. A greater adsorption efficiency was observed for BMS and BSS than for BWS. The physico-chemical properties of the biochars showed that the adsorption performance was correlated with preparation conditions, raw material types, higher total porosity, and micro-structure.
Kinetics of oxidation of a hemicellulose model compound by chlorine dioxide in bleaching
Authors: Yao Shuangquan , Feng Chengqi , Wang Cheng , Liu Baojie , Huang Lingzhi , Nie Shuangxi , Zhang Tianyi , Qin Chengrong
Published: September 2022

Kinetics of the oxidation of D-xylose, a hemicellulose model compound, by chlorine dioxide was studied under simulated bleaching conditions. The final reaction product, chloroacetic acid, which is a type of adsorbable organic halogen (AOX), was detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The kinetic equation was expressed as dW/dt = 2.36e-560/T[H+]0.05[ClO2]0.11X0.92. The reaction exhibited first-order kinetics, with a good agreement between the experimental and modelling data. The reaction activation energy was 4.66 kJ.mol-1. Thus, the process is not controlled by a chemical reaction, but rather, it is controlled by hemicellulose properties. These results might have potential for resolving the major problems of environmental pollution in elemental chlorine-free (ECF) bleaching of pulp.
Mechanical properties of a novel fibre metal laminate reinforced with the carbon, flax, and sugar palm fibres
Authors: Chandrasekar Muthukumar , Ishak Mohamad Ridzwan , Salit Mohd Sapuan , Leman Zulkiflle , Jawaid Mohammad , Naveen Jesu
Published: September 2022

Concerns regarding the disposal, degradability, and recycling of synthetic fibres used in composite materials have highlighted the need for eco-friendly materials. This article focuses on fabrication and characterization of the fibre metal laminate (FML) reinforced with carbon, flax, and sugar palm fibres in order to reduce the environmental impact without compromising the strength requirements. Out of autoclave (OOA) manufacturing processes, including hand lay-up and hot compression molding, were employed to fabricate the FML. Tensile, compressive, inter-laminar shear strength (ILSS), and fatigue properties of the fabricated FML were studied. The results indicate that tensile properties and compressive strength for flax based FML (CFC) was superior and 23% higher than CSC while 5% higher than the hybrid CFSSFC configuration. CFSSFC outperformed CFC and CSC in the inter-laminar shear strength by showing 6.5% and 25% increment in magnitude. In case of fatigue, CFC showed excellent fatigue resistance by withstanding high fatigue loads and lasted up to 104 cycles before failure. Delamination between the metal/composite plies was observed in fractured samples under all the mechanical loads.
Synthesis and characterization of dialdehyde cellulose/ silver composites by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method
Authors: Wang Bin , Ma Chang , Fu Lian-Hua , Ji Xing-Xiang , Jing Fan-Chen , Liu Shan , Ma Ming-Guo
Published: September 2022

An easy and environmentally friendly strategy is shown for the synthesis of dialdehyde cellulose/silver nanoparticle composites using dialdehyde cellulose as reducing agent through the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The effects of the microwave heating time and temperature on the products were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The dialdehyde cellulose was found to be an efficient reducing agent for silver ions, and the microwave heating time and temperature played a vital role in the morphologies of the silver nanostructures. The influences of different additional reductants such as ascorbic acid and glucose on the shapes, size-distribution, phase, and crystallinity of the samples were comparatively investigated in detail. This strategy is environmentally friendly, surfactant-free, without any other reducing or stabilizing agent chemicals, and the as-prepared dialdehyde cellulose/silver nanoparticles were more convenient to use in biomedical fields.
A budai Várnegyed fejleszthetőségének városépítészeti vonatkozásai •
Authors: Kádár Bálint
Published: September 2022

A budai Várnegyed rekonstrukciója a második világháború után visszaadta a Polgárváros középkori és barokk léptékét és értékeit, ezeket kulturális, lakó és turisztikai funkciókkal töltve meg. A magyar főváros egyetlen integráns történelmi negyedeként őrzi történelmünk és építészetünk lenyomatai mellett a városépítő polgárság emlékét is. Ebből a történelmileg predesztinált szerepéből a századforduló dualizmusában tapasztalt hatalmi központ építések hasonlóan próbálták kimozdítani, mint korunk hatalmi törekvései, léptékben és jelentésben egy nagyobb szerepet megpróbálva ráerőltetni a budai polgárvárosra. A kis léptékű mozgásokat kiszolgáló középkori eredetű morfológia terhelhetőségének objektív szempontjai mellett számos nemzetközi példa is bizonyítja, hogy csakis olyan kulturális és lakó funkciók tehetik megélhető és sikeres városrésszé a budai Várnegyedet, amelyek képesek együtt élni az értékes történeti rétegekkel és azok léptékével. Ez a tanulmány a háború utáni rekonstrukció és a Nemzeti Hauszmann Terv által ma véghez vitt rekonstrukciókat nem egymással, hanem más európai történelmi városközpontok morfológiai adottságaival és rekonstrukciós folyamataival veti össze. A Space Syntax analízisek kimutatták, hogy a középkori eredetű városszövetek minden európai városban a 19. századi szövet mellett izolált, ám gyalogos szempontból integráns térrendszerrel bírnak, amely nem alkalmas a modern városok igazgatási és termelési funkcióit befogadni, ám megfelel a kortárs 15 perces élhető város fogalmának és a turisztikai térhasználatnak is. Az ilyen városközpontok közül a második világháborúban megsérült városszövetek rekonstrukciói közül a budai Várnegyed háború utáni rekonstrukciója nem lóg ki, sőt, megelőzte korát. A mai vári rekonstrukciós beavatkozások az újjáépítések módszerében nem lóg ki más európai folyamatok közül, de funkcióiban, a rekonstrukció által megcélzott történelmi kor kiválasztásában, valamint a társadalmi igények figyelembevétele terén nem követi a mai trendeket.
Angewandte Forschung in der Wirtschaftsinformatik 2021 : Tagungsband zur 34. AKWI-Jahrestagung vom 13.09.2021 bis 14.09.2021, ausgerichtet von der Hochschule Karlsruhe - Wirtschaft und Technik
Authors: Wolf Martin R.
Published: September 2022

Tagungsbeiträge zu aktuellen Entwicklungen in der Forschung und in der Industrie.
AIR-FILLED POROSITY AND YIELD OF IRRIGATED COFFEE IN AN OXISOL
Authors: Souza Jorge Luiz Moretti de , Rosa Stefanie Lais Kreutz , Evangelista Adão Wagner Pêgo , Gurski Bruno César
Published: September 2022

Soil air-filled porosity (β) is directly related to the plants development and yield. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate how hourly aeration porosity (β) affects the productivity of irrigated coffee cultivated in an Oxisol in the region of Lavras, southeastern Brazil, in order to determine its ideal range. The experiment was conducted with the Rubi MG-1192 cultivar, spaced at 3.5 x 0.8 meters, in randomized blocks with six treatments and three replicates. The treatments consisted of applying percentages of the gross irrigation depth required (Li), being: non-irrigated, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140% of Li. The soil matric potential (ym) in each treatment was measured with sensors, performing hourly readings at three depths (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 m). The increase in gross irrigation depths provides a linear reduction of the average air-filled porosity in the soil cultivated with coffee. The T100 treatment showed a significant productivity increase, and from this value the gross irrigation depth showed a tendency to reduce coffee productivity and soil air-filled porosity. The ideal range of β between 0.152 and 0.163 m3 m-3 provided adequate aeration conditions and higher yield for coffee.

Keywords: irrigated agriculture, productivity, soil aeration.
Options for sustainable solid waste management in a tourist city in a developing country
Authors: Pham Phu Song Toan , Fujiwara Takeshi , Le Dinh Cuong
Published: September 2022

A study was undertaken to develop options for sustainable integrated solid waste management for a tourist city in Vietnam. The generation and characterisation of tourism waste were based on a sampling survey of Hoi An city (HAC). Problems and challenges of a tourism waste management system were indicated using material flow analysis. Five scenarios were developed for the tourism sector of the city based on current solid waste management practice (SWMP), a consensus of stakeholders, the suitability of waste management systems and the contribution of the government. In two of the scenarios, waste reduction was 6.5 times higher and recyclables recovered was 3.3–4.2 times greater than that in two of the minimalist scenarios. Furthermore, the former scenarios showed more efficiency in treatment, optimal economy and minimum greenhouse gas emissions. The study indicated the advantages and challenges of each scenario and identified an optimal model for SWMP for the tourism industry of HAC. A framework for gradually developing a sustainable tourism waste management system was proposed, potentially applicable to any tourist city in a developing country.
Két sors, egy cél : Két magyar hadifogoly hazajutásának körülményei
Authors: Tolnai Gyula
Published: September 2022

2018-ban a szerző az oral history módszereit felhasználva interjút készített két nagykőrösi illetőségű katonával, akik mindketten harcoltak a második világháborúban. Egyikük Kindler Ferenc, akit sváb származása miatt a Wehrmachtba kényszersoroztak be, míg a másik interjúalanyt, Biczó Józsefet a M. Kir. Honvédségbe hívták be. Biczó a hosszú út után a csehszlovák határon, míg Kindler, miután Drezda előterében feloszlott az egysége, Karlsbadnál esett hadifogságba, ezt követően pedig mindkettőjük csehszlovákiai gyűjtőtáborba került. A munka rajtuk és megjárt útjukon keresztül ismerteti a magyar hadifoglyok jelentős hányadának megtett útját, a hadifogoly- és gyűjtőtáborok felépítését, méretét és etnikai összetételét, illetve azon kevésbé ismert tényt, hogy a szovjet vezetés előszeretettel alakított át német koncentrációs és munkatáborokat gyűjtőtáborrá, ahogy történt ez Auschwitzcal és Havlíčkův Broddal is. Biczó hazatérésének történetére kitérve elmondható, hogy sorsa általánosságban jól bemutatja rengeteg volt bajtársának sorsát, illetve hazajutásuk körülményeit, megpróbáltatásaik sokaságát. A tanulmány a legfrissebb magyar és angol nyelvű szakirodalomra támaszkodva kívánja bemutatni, hogy magyar katonák a második világháború mely szakaszaiban estek nagyobb számban szovjet hadifogságba, és hogy milyen sors várt rájuk.
A NATO-haderők magyar alapítású vagy magyar mintára szervezett huszáralakulatai a XXI. században
Authors: Ádám Barnabás
Published: September 2022

A magyar huszár az a magyar könnyűlovas, aki az elmúlt fél évezred során szinte teljesen átformálta a hadviselés arculatát, és fénykorában a világ harmincnégy országa adoptálta ezt a könnyűlovassági csapatnemet. Habár a XX. században a lovon és a lovakkal vívott harc fölött eljárt az idő, de a huszárság és a lovasság felett egyáltalán nem. A tanulmányban a NATO-haderők XXI. században is működő, magyarok által vagy magyar mintára szervezett huszáralakulatai kerülnek bemutatásra.
Békeinduló: Magyarok a vietnámi nemzetközi misszióban (1973–1975)
Authors: Vendriczki Róbert
Published: September 2022

A vietnámi háború lezárását és az ország békéjének helyreállítását célzó egyezményt 1973. január 27-én Párizsban írták alá. Ez az egyezmény szavatolta a Nemzetközi Ellenőrző és Felügyelő Bizottság (NEFB) felállítását, amely keretén belül a háború utolsó szakaszában Magyarország is szolgálatot teljesített. Az ebben való részvételre 1972. október 19-én kérte fel hazánkat az észak-vietnámi kormány, amit a Politikai Bizottság október 24-i ülésén fogadott el. A misszióban a katonák és a különböző rendvédelmi szervek tagjai (524 fő) mellett polgári személyek és diplomaták (112 fő) is szerepeltek. Ők 1973. január 27. és 1975. május 8. között három váltásban utaztak ki, és hét körzetben, 26 Helyi Ellenőrző Csoportban, 26 Áteresztő Ellenőrző Csoportban és a saigoni központban dolgoztak. A béketeremtő műveletekben való részvétel azonban áldozatokkal is járt. 1973. április 7-én egy nemzetközi megfigyelőket szállító, az NEFB felségjelével ellátott helikoptert rakétatalálat ért, és a rajta utazó két magyar NEFB-tag is elhunyt. 1974-ben a harcok felerősödésével több ellenőrző csoportot is be kellett vonni a központba, és a harmadik váltás is jószerével Saigonra és körzetére redukálta tevékenységét. 1975. április 30-án a Ho Shi Minh-hadművelet záróakkordjaként elfoglalták Saigont. A magyar kontingens ott tartózkodó állományát amerikai segítséggel vonták ki, és május 8-án tértek haza.
Assessment of antibacterial genes of emerging queen Apis mellifera L. induced by the bacterium Paenibacillus larvae larvae
Authors: Gomaa SAS , Barakat EMS , Salama MS , El Gohary EE
Published: September 2022

This study evaluated the expression of antimicrobial abaecin and defensin genes in virgin honey-bee queens (Apis mellifera) following induction of 4th larval instar with the bacterium Paenibacillus larvae larvae (1.07 × 102 CFU/queen); to investigate whether the presence of bacteria affects the immune response as well as gene transcript levels for the immune proteins. The total body proteins of bacteria-treated queens showed a highly significant increase, and the appearance of new proteins patterns and/or disappearance of others. The gene expression profile of treated queens showed up-regulation equalled four-fold of the defensin gene, whereas no progression occurred in the abacien gene. This finding likewise greatly affects the diseases challenging this pollinator.