bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Przeciw „ideologiom”. „Wolność” nauki jako stawka w wojnach kulturowych
Authors: Zimniak-Hałajko Marta
Published: November 2020

Against „ideologies”. „Freedom” of science at stake in culture wars The subject of the current article is the analysis of select institutional activities, including drafts of legislative initiatives and social actions, that took place during 2018-2020 at Polish universities (and outside of them), aiming at defining of what can be expressed, who is entitled to speak within the realm of academy – and what can be said by an academic teacher or scientist during public debate. These social actions and legislative initiatives are discussed in the broader context of activities of social movements having clear ideological face (either left- or rightwing), protests against lectures and debates organised at universities that were labelled as „ideological” ones, as well as projects intending to promote specific visions of academic freedom along with corresponding regulations for universities.
Habitat jako proces. Koncepcja środowiska zbudowanego w ujęciu dynamicznym
Authors: Januszewski Wojciech
Published: November 2020

Habitat as a process: The concept of the built environment from a dynamic perspective The subject of the paper is a preliminary sketch of the theory of organization of the built environment, as an answer to the dynamics of urbanisation processes in the twenty-first century. The basic assumptions of this theory are: 1) the temporality and variability of habitat elements, 2) the irreducibility of the environment to its part, 3) the linking of different organisation scales, 4) balancing individual and collective factors, continuity and novelty, as well as conditioning and creative freedom; 5) human participation as an integral part of system description. The work uses earlier structuralist concepts, especially theories by J. Habraken, and also the assumptions of process philosophy by A.N. Whitehead. The result of the study is an outline of a processual model of environmental organisation, based on a original set of technical concepts, including the field, the event, event potential, transformation, control and the relational pattern. The model offers a description of the habitat as a hierarchical system synthesising various elements of architectural and urban design. This results in a new perspective of the architect’s role in the organisation process of the habitat.
Wyzwania architektury nie-antropocentrycznej, czyli gdzie leży granica projektowania uniwersalnego
Authors: Kleszcz Justyna
Published: November 2020

Challenges of non-anthropocentric architecture: where is the boundary of universal design This paper aims to analyse challenges that contemporary designers face in creating a living space in the spirit of non-anthropocentric design - a newly emerging trend based in new humanities and the emergence of the idea of post-anthropocentrism in art. In a situation of well-developed sustainable design, creating spaces for wild animals in cities as habitats and refuges has become the next stage in creating a city with the least impact on the environment. The issue of non-anthropocentric design has been studied through the use of case analysis and comparative analysis of buildings ant its components implemented on a different scale, showing a wide range of cases - from small spatial interventions, such as creating nesting places in cities, to transforming the entire design process into an animal-friendly one. The work was based both on an analysis of completed projects and on theoretical works.
Smart city – korzyści i zagrożenia
Authors: Zastawnik-Perkosz Maja Antonina
Published: November 2020

Smart city – benefits and threats In recent years, the concept of “Smart City” has become visibly popular, setting the direction for the development of 21st century cities. However, is a completely uncritical approach to such a complex issue justified? Where do the competences of architects, urban planners, IT specialists and controlling governmental powers meet in such an “intelligent city”? This article presents important issues of data acquisition, system monitoring as well as security and privacy issues both by presenting and analyzing examples of already existing solutions from all around the world, but also giving some attention to the slowly rising number of “Smart city” initiatives in Krakow.
Architecture of the future in the eastern europe: reality and illusions
Authors: Proskuryakov Victor , Bohdanova Yuliya
Published: November 2020

This paper presents the outcomes of two international conferences: ‘On the way to architectural education and the profession of the future’ and ‘Genesis and development directions of the future architecture in the Eastern Europe’, which took place on 28 November 2018 and 28 November 2019, respectively, at the Lviv Polytechnic National University. During the conference, educationalists, researchers, experts from architectural and artistic schools of Ukraine from Lviv, Kyiv, Odessa, Chernivtsi, Dnipro, Lutsk; Poland - from the city of Kielce; Germany - from Dresden University of Technology; Canada - from the city of Toronto, discussed what had to be done and done unquestionably so that we could not only dream about an architecture of the future but also actively create it. Not asking a formal request of the speakers to present what came out of the predictions of the architects / futurists of the twentieth century directed, according to their understanding, into close (the 1970s and 80s), non-distant (the 1990s) and distant future (the turn of the twenty-first century). Instead, they wanted to plant into the architectural reality of modern Eastern Europe, and Ukraine, Poland, Germany in particular, those sprouts of the new in architecture which are associated with ‘the architecture of the future’ and that are currently being born and their blooming can be expected in the Eastern Europe and the world in the future.
Historical tradition and modern transformations of the algerian and persian housing environment
Authors: Ivashko Yuliia
Published: November 2020

Historically, the urban situation in the cities and towns of Persia and Algeria was highly specific. The hot dry climate contributed to a street network, which was protected from the sun as much as possible. Climate conditions determined the appearance of houses with flat roofs, small windows and white walls. The entire urban planning system had the main centre - the city (town) mosque. There were smaller mosques in the structure of residential areas, densely surrounded by houses. Just as under the influence of climate a certain type of residential building took shape, these same factors formed a characteristic type of mosque in the housing environment. Globalist trends have affected even such a conservative sphere as Islamic religious architecture, as it gradually toned down striking regional features, which is explained by the typicality of modern building materials and structures and the international activity of various architectural and construction firms in different corners of the world. Over the centuries, two opposing images of the mosque have emerged - the pointedly magnificent Persian and the fortress-type of Maghreb (typical for Algeria) types. This paper reviews how specific climatic conditions and historical processes influenced the use of building materials, structures and decoration in the mosques of Persia’s and Algeria’s different regions. Today we observe an erosion of regional features in the form and layout of modern mosques, which are analysed on the basis of the examples given. On the basis of a comparison of authentic mosques and erected by foreigners, it is proved how local features are gradually being eliminated and what this leads to.
Sociálna marginalizácia v dobe kamennej? K počiatkom sociálnych nerovností a možnostiam ich identifikácie
Authors: Mellnerová Šuteková Jana
Published: November 2020

The study is a theoretical paper focused on social differences and inequalities in Europe's Early Prehistory in societies of hunters-gatherers and earliest farmers. According to current knowledge, hunters-gatherers were more egalitarian with mechanisms that eliminate differences. The presence of social inequalities and differences in relation to kin (inheritance), the value of ownership associated with the quality of life at the time of neolithisation were identified at the latest. The aim of the paper is to outline the theoretical basis of research in terms of cultural anthropology and social behavior of the human population, which should lead to the correct identification of marginalized members of society.
Narodiť sa nestačí. Percepcia najmenších detí v antike v kontexte vybraných písomných a archeologických prameňov
Authors: Hladíková Katarína , Vélová Lucie
Published: November 2020

The paper deals with the issue of perception of the youngest children in ancient society in the context of selected written and archaeological sources in the wider territory of ancient Greece and the Roman Empire. The nature of historical sources and their fragmentation greatly complicate their interpretation. In this respect, archaeological sources also do not offer a clear answer as they show a high variability in the treatment of the remains of the youngest children. Nevertheless, the paper seeks to oppose the entirely negative perception of children widespread in the scientific literature that discusses mainly the works of philosophers, in which the youngest children are presented as lower beings similar to animals. Manifestations of parental love are documented primarily by private correspondence concerning the death of children, and also recorded on epigraphic monuments, in literary works and mythological stories. From the archaeological perspective, regular graves of the youngest children testify to the existence of care and love of the parents, whose manifestations, however, were subject to social norms.
Mapa de las industrias creativas en México. Proyección para CENTRO
Authors: Castañeda Rivera Erika , Garduño Bello Bianca
Published: November 2020

La industria creativa en México muestra una tendencia de crecimiento, principalmente en el tema económico. Con las industrias creativas surgen nuevos tipos de empleo y un nuevo tipo de trabajador. Este trabajo nos presenta un repaso del estado actual de la industria creativa en México, su contexto de desarrollo, geografía y estadísticas, con énfasis en el caso de las licenciaturas que ofrece CENTRO.
Educación y tecnología: pasado, presente y futuro de una relación compleja
Authors: Pinto Menache Lila
Published: November 2020

El presente trabajo se propone discutir la relación compleja entre tecnología, educación y cambio, recuperando algunas consideraciones históricas de la misma y contextualizándola actualmente en el marco de la cultura digital. Desde esta mirada, se exploran escenarios pasados y presentes de esta relación y se reconocen algunas consideraciones para pensar el futuro como una oportunidad para el diseño de un nuevo escenario educativo.
Exploring the role of social enterprises within the Romanian welfare system
Authors: Petrescu Claudia , Lambru Mihaela
Published: November 2020

Social enterprises are embedded in the local context, their organizational characteristics and operational strategies being influenced by the institutional settings, political culture and historical traditions and events. Similar to other European countries, Romania has included the modernization of the welfare systems in the development agenda of the last decade. One of the areas of interest was to better understand and promote the dynamics of the social enterprises as economic, social development actors and facilitators. From a neo-institutionalist perspective, this paper aims to explore the role of social enterprises as a component of Romanian welfare system. It starts with an overview of the history of the Romanian social enterprise, its roots and drivers; it continues with the identification of the roles, challenges and development processes of the social enterprises as welfare services. Keywords: social economy; social enterprise; welfare system.
Cercetările de diagnoza calităţii vieţii în cadrul Institutul de Cercetare a Calităţii Vieţii
Authors: Mărginean Ioan
Published: November 2020

In the first year of activity (1990) at the Research Institute for Quality of Life (Institutul de Cercetare a Calităţii Vieţii, INCE, Academia Română) it was starting the research of quality of life. It was prepared by the collective coordinated by Professor Cătălin Zamfir, director of RIQL. I participated at this work a starting wit field research (june 1990), I was coordinated, most of the time together with some colleagues, the activity for this program. The experience achieved during the years in this domain will be used here to reveal the aspects of the researches and results about Quality of Life of population in Romania. Over time, many indicators of Quality of Life have registered some improvements, but also stagnations, and even deterioration of several components. Keywords: quality of life; indicators; diagnosys; profiles and classes of quality of life.
Promotion Mix to Increase Revenue in The Capital Hotel and Resort Restaurant in Badung Bali District
Authors: Juniansih Ida Ayu Komang , Kristiawan Komang Feby , Setiyarti Tettie , Suastama Ida Bagus Radendra
Published: November 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of the promotion mix and the variables that have a dominant influence on the income of The Capital Hotel and Resort restaurant for the period 2019. The sample of this study uses income from restaurants in The Capital Hotel and Resort and promotional costs for the period 2019. The data analysis technique used is  multiple linear regression analysis, coefficient determination, F test and t test. The results showed that the results of the coefficient determination were 0.990, it could be said that the five independent variables contributed 99% to the income value, the F test results showed F count> F table (113.135> 3.97), which means that the five independent variables simultaneously had a positive effect and significant to the dependent variable. The t test results show t count (17,779)> t table (2,447) and its effect on the dependent variable (0,000 <0.005), stating that advertising (X1) is the variable that has the most dominant influence on income.
VENCENDO O DESAFIO DA SEGURANÇA NO BRASIL
Authors: NASCIMENTO VINÍCIUS DAMASCENO DAMASCENO DO , SANTOS DANIEL MENDES AGUIAR
Published: November 2020

Trata-se de uma breve análise que objetiva examinar o papel constitucional das ForçasArmadas em prol da segurança pública e a possibilidade de mobilização das PolíciasMilitares no contexto da defesa nacional para, a seguir, evidenciar oportunidadesde integração que otimizem o enfrentamento da atual crise na segurança pública.Desta forma, espera-se contribuir para o ambiente acadêmico e político nacionalcom a compreensão da realidade nacional em matéria de Segurança Integrada, umtermo tão comentado, mas pouco regulamentado.
HABITUS MILITAR
Authors: Celestino Sabrina Celestino , Moreira Nádia Xavier , Da Silva Rita Emília Alves
Published: November 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar, por meio de uma revisão de literatura,traços fundamentais que conformaram o desenho institucional das Forças Armadas(FFAA). Toma de empréstimo para essa tarefa, a contribuição do conceito dehabitus em Bourdieu (1983). Tal conceito oferece elementos para refletir sobre ainteriorização dos valores, normas e princípios sociais pelos sujeitos militares, osquais asseguram a adequação entre ações individuais e realidade objetiva. Sendoassim, refletir sobre as instituições das FFAA sob a ótica de Bourdieu (2001) implicaconsiderá-las lócus de construção de um sistema simbólico e significante de práticase símbolos, sendo estes identificadores dos indivíduos a ele pertencentes. Entendeseque esse tipo de abordagem permite dialogar com os princípios orientadores daconduta neste tipo de organização, o que muito revela sobre a sua sociabilidade eimagem social.
Optimization of ANN Structure Using Adaptive PSO & GA and Performance Analysis Based on Boolean Identities
Authors: Sahu Amaresh , Panigrahi Sushanta , Pattnaik Sabyasachi
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a novel heuristic structure optimization technique is proposed for Neural Network using Adaptive PSO & GA on Boolean identities to improve the performance of Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The selection of the optimal number of hidden layers and nodes has a significant impact on the performance of a neural network, is decided in an adhoc manner. The optimization of architecture and weights of neural network is a complex task. In this regard the use of evolutionary techniques based on Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO) & Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (AGA) is used for selecting an optimal number of hidden layers and nodes of the neural controller, for better performance and low training errors through Boolean identities. The hidden nodes are adapted through the generation until they reach the optimal number. The Boolean operators such as AND, OR, XOR have been used for performance analysis of this technique.
Deep learning para la clasificación de usos de suelo agrícola con Sentinel-2
Authors: Campos-Taberner M. , García-Haro F.J. , Martínez B. , Gilabert M.A.
Published: November 2020

The use of deep learning techniques for remote sensing applications has recently increased. These algorithms have proven to be successful in estimation of parameters and classification of images. However, little effort has been made to make them understandable, leading to their implementation as “black boxes”. This work aims to evaluate the performance and clarify the operation of a deep learning algorithm, based on a bi-directional recurrent network of long short-term memory (2-BiLSTM). The land use classification in the Valencian Community based on Sentinel-2 image time series in the framework of the common agricultural policy (CAP) is used as an example. It is verified that the accuracy of the deep learning techniques is superior (98.6 % overall success) to that other algorithms such as decision trees (DT), k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), neural networks (NN), support vector machines (SVM) and random forests (RF). The performance of the classifier has been studied as a function of time and of the predictors used. It is concluded that, in the study area, the most relevant information used by the network in the classification are the images corresponding to summer and the spectral and spatial information derived from the red and near infrared bands. These results open the door to new studies in the field of the explainable deep learning in remote sensing applications.
Obtención de coberturas del suelo agropecuarias en imágenes satelitales Sentinel-2 con la inyección de imágenes de dron usando Random Forest en Google Earth Engine
Authors: Ramírez M. , Martínez L. , Montilla M. , Sarmiento O. , Lasso J. , Díaz S.
Published: November 2020

To obtain accurate information on land cover changes in the agricultural sector, we propose a supervised classification method that integrates Sentinel-2 satellite imagery with images surveyed from Remote Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS). The methodology was implemented on the Google Earth Engine platform. Initially, the Sentinel-2 imagery collection was integrated into a single image through a median reduction process. Subsequently, the high-pass filter (HPF) pansharpening image fusion method was applied to the thermal spectral bands to obtain a final spatial resolution of 10 m. To perform the integration of the two image sources, the RPAS image was normalized by using a 5X5 gaussian texture filter and the pixel was resampled to five times its original size. This procedure was performed iteratively until reaching the spatial resolution of the Sentinel-2 imagery. Besides, the following inputs were added to the classification: the spectral indices calculated from the Sentinel-2 and RPAS bands (e.g. NDVI, NDWI, SIPI, GARI); altimetric information and slopes of the zone derived from the SRTM DEM. The supervised classification was done by using the Random Forest technique (Machine Learning). The land cover seed reference to perform the classification was manually captured by a thematic expert, then, this reference was distributed in 70% for the training of the Random Forest algorithm and in 30% to validate the classification. The results show that the incorporation of the RPAS image improves thematic accuracy indicators by an average of 3% compared to a classification made exclusively with Sentinel-2 imagery.
Relación de firmas espectrales para la identificación de bosque seco en imágenes de satélite Sentinel 2, cuenca baja del río Chira, Región Piura
Authors: Aldana C. , Revilla M. , Gonzales J. , Saavedra Y. , Moncada W. , Maicelo J.
Published: November 2020

El Niño phenomenon, droughts and the warm climate directly influence the good ecological state of the forests in the Piura Region. The objective is to relate the spectral signatures evaluated in the Sentinel-2 satellite images with the spectral signatures measured with the FieldSpec4 spectroradiometer, for the identification of dry forest in the lower basin of the Chira River, Piura región. The Sentinel-2 images corresponding to the 17MNR, 17MPR, 17MMQ, 17MNQ and 17MPQ tiles are pre-processed, mosaicked, resampled and cut with the SNAP software. Stacking of bands 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 12 generates a raster whose pixel reflectance values are related to their wavelengths. The classification of dry forest areas is done with the spectral signature measured with the FieldSpec4 spectroradiometer. The validation of the results is carried out by applying the non-parametric ANOVA and Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon tests at four sampling points. The surface area of dry forest in the lower basin of the Chira River is 129 113.06 ha, which represents 3.8% of the total area of dry forest in northern Peru.
Monthly Deforestation Monitoring with Sentinel-1 Multi-temporal Signatures and InSAR Coherences
Authors: Pulella A. , Sica F. , Rizzoli P.
Published: November 2020

Sentinel-1 interferometric time-series allow for the accurate retrieval of the target’s temporal decorrelation and, therefore, the inversion of land cover information and its temporal monitoring. This paper describes the development of an observation scenario for monitoring monthly deforestation over the Amazon rainforest, which relies on the use of radar for overcoming the physical limitations of optical sensors caused by the presence of cloud coverage. Speciﬁcally, we implement a classiﬁcation scheme that exploits multi-temporal SAR features, such as backscatter, spatial textures, and interferometric parameters, to map forested areas. Distinct forest maps are generated for consecutive months and further processed to detect deforestation phenomena and map clear-cuts evolution. The obtained results are validated by selecting cloud-free Sentinel-2 multispectral data on the selected area and acquired during the same observation time.
EVALUASI MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER SISWA SMAN 2 BANGUNTAPAN
Authors: Ngadiya
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study was identify the management of student’s character education SMAN 2 Banguntapan. This study applied a qualitative approach. The data collecting techniques were observation, interview, and documentation. Data collected from that technique were analyzed by using data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results of this study reveal that the implementation of character education in SMAN 2 Banguntapan has been integrated in school activity on three main form: (1) combine with learning activities, (2) combine with extracurricular activities, (3) combine with cultivation and making people accustomed. The management of student’s character education in SMAN 2 Banguntapan students is consist of: (1) the planning of character education; (2) the organization of character education; (3) the implementation of character education; and (4) the supervision of character education.
The T.R.E.E Principles
Authors: Arif Pratiwindyo
Published: November 2020

Health and Physical Education (HPE) is one of the lesson which become part of the integral  in total education in order to develop physical fitness, social mental,also emotional as well in order to create Indonesian people completely through physical activity’s vehicle as a shape from interaction’s process among learners with sphere through physical activitis that arranged systematically. So that HPE has it’s roles such as: life long education utility, life long health utility, life long skill utility. To solve various obstacles during learning HPE such as diversity in learner’s conditions, diversity of facilities and infrastructures, and also the condition of school’s environment  we could apply The T.R.E.E. Principles that stand for Teaching Styles, Rules and Regulations, Environments, and Equipments.
Ideas for Developing Augmented Reality in Books As an Effort to Increase Student Reading Interest (Adaptation to Literacy Acceleration from South Korea)
Authors: Suryaningsih Arifah
Published: November 2020

Many learning media models of Augmented Reality were developed in South Korea. Because such learning media are able to support students' understanding more than just reading texts. In conditions of low literacy levels in Indonesia while the trend of technological and information advancements in Indonesia is so rapid, especially those that lead to the industrial revolution 4.0, it is necessary to propose the application of Augmented Reality to reading books with the aim of becoming an effort to increase students' reading interest in Indonesia and especially in the school where the author teaches. The stages in the development of this AR-based book use the Multimedia Development Methodology sourced from Luther, with six stages namely: Concept (concept), Design (design), Collecting material (material collecting), Making (assembly), Testing (testing), and Distribution (distribution). To create developments in the world of education and increase the attractiveness and effectiveness of learning, Augmented Reality technology can be utilized in the learning process both inside and outside of school. In order to achieve this, collaboration between digital creative actors or the IT profession and collaborators or teachers in creating AR media is needed in order to match the material and information to be conveyed.
Improving Learning Motivation and Chemistry Learning Outcomes of Class XI MIPA Students with the STAD Cooperative Learning Model
Authors: Bekti Mulatsih
Published: November 2020

This study aims to increase learning motivation and chemistry learning outcomes of students of class XI IPA 1 of SMAN 1 Banguntapan 2018/2019 academic year on Salt Hydrolysis material through the application of the STAD type cooperative learning model (Student Teams Achievement Divisions). The learning motivation observed consisted of aspects of choice, confidence for success, and tenacity in trying. This type of research is Class Action Research (CAR). This research was conducted in two cycles with the subjects of the XI IPA 1 class students of SMAN 1 Banguntapan 2018/2019 academic year as many as 34 students. Data collection was carried out by observation, filling in learning motivation questionnaires, giving quiz questions, and document studies. The instruments used to collect data in this study were observation sheets for the implementation of learning, Student Worksheets, learning motivation questionnaires, quiz questions, and documents. Analysis of data from observation of learning activities, questionnaires, quiz questions, and documents carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the application of STAD type cooperative learning correctly through five stages of TGT cooperative learning consisting of stages of class presentations, group learning, group presentations, quizzes, and group awards, can increase learning motivation and chemistry learning outcomes. Based on the results of the questionnaire, the percentage of students who had high learning motivation in the first cycle was 64.71%, while in the second cycle there were 82.35%. Based on the implementation of the quiz the learning outcomes of students also increased, in the first cycle the percentage of students reached KKM was 29.41%, while in the second cycle it was 61.75%.
Enhancing the Creativity of Students in Statistics Materials through the PjBL-STEM Learning Model Class XII MIPA 6 SMA Negeri 7 Yogyakarta
Authors: Ida Lydiati
Published: November 2020

This study aims to find out how to improve students' creativities in statistics through the PjBL-STEM class XII MIPA 6 SMA Negeri 7 Yogyakarta. This research is a classroom action research conducted during two cycles, where each cycle consists of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The results showed that to increase the creativity of students in statistics through the PjBL-STEM learning model can be done by: (a) reflection, namely students learn statistics as part of mathematics about the the measures of central tendency and measures of variability using technology such as calculator or computer to process the measures of central tendency and measures of variability of data about height and weight; (b) research, namely students conducting research searching for information from various relevant sources in developing understanding that is relevant to the project being carried out related to science about BMI (Body Mass Index); (c) discovery, namely students use information obtained when conducting research to develop projects. Students are trained to build cooperation in groups and collaborate to present alternative problem solutions that make it easy for them to process data using technology in BMI calculator designs and posters; (d) application, namely students learn to connect various discipline in STEM, test products or solutions that have been previously determined, and then make improvements to the BMI calculator and poster; (e) presentation, namely students communicate products or solutions between students in classroom or the wider community using technology in poster that equipped with QR-Code.
UTILIZATION OF JB CLASS TO PROMOTE STUDENT’S SELF-REGULATION DURING ONLINE LEARNING IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Kurniawan Arif
Published: November 2020

Self-regulated learning is very important during online learning in Covid-19 pandemic, since there is no face to face interaction between teacher and students. However, this student ability has not been found in our online class of Biology in X MIPA 1. Based on the author's reflection, students are still very dependent on teacher instruction during their learning activities. To overcome this problem, the author applied online learning utilizing JB Class by implementing self-regulated learning strategies adapted from Wandler & Imbriale (2017). Result of the study describes that online learning using JB Class is able to encourage student’s self-regulated learning. Based on the questionnaire filled out by students, the self-regulated learning among students of class X MIPA 1 reaches 75%.
APPLICATION OF PEER TUTORING LEARNING TO INCREASE MOTIVATION AND STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES IN CHEMISTRY SUBJECTS
Authors: Winarti Sri
Published: November 2020

The aim of this research was to determnine the steps of applying peer tutoring in increasing student motivation and learning outcomes, applying peer tutoring learning steps in increasing student motivation and learning outcomes. This research is a class action research (CAR) consisting of two cycles, and each cycle consists of three meetings. These subjects of this study were students of class X MIPA1 of 1 Senior High School Turi consisting of 10 male students and 24 female students. This research was conducted in August – November 2019. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation, written tets, and qustionnaires. Data analysis technique is description by comparing the results of actions with indicator of research targets. The research procedure starts from the planning, implementation, observation, to reflection. Indicators of research success are 85% of students have high motivation and at least 85% of students score of Minimum Master Criterion. The results showed that the peer tutoring method in learning could increase motivation and student learning outcomes. Student motivation reached 91,25% at the end of this cycle, and the end of the second cycle it reached 99,06%. While student learning outcomes reached 60,61% at the end of the first cycle and at the end of the second cycle it reached 90,63%. Thus, the peer tutoring method can be said to be successful in increasing student motivation and learning outcomes.
Size-resolved exposure risk of persistent free radicals (PFRs) in atmospheric aerosols and their potential sources
Authors: Chen Qingcai , Sun Haoyao , Song Wenhuai , Cao Fang , Tian Chongguo , Zhang Yan-Lin
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are a
new type of substance with potential health risks. EPFRs are widely present
in atmospheric particulates, but there is a limited understanding of the
size-resolved health risks of these radicals. This study reports the
exposure risks and source of EPFRs in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) of
different particle sizes (<10 µm) in Linfen, a typical
coal-burning city in China. The type of EPFRs in fine particles (< 2.1 µm) is different from that in coarse particles (2.1–10 µm) in
both winter and summer. However, the EPFR concentration is higher in coarse
particles than in fine particles in summer, and the opposite trend is found
in winter. In both seasons, combustion sources are the main sources of EPFRs,
with coal combustion as the major contributor in winter, while other fuels
are the major source in summer. Dust contributes part of the EPFRs, and it is
mainly present in coarse particles in winter and the opposite in summer. The
upper respiratory tract was found to be the area with the highest risk of
exposure to EPFRs of the studied aerosols, with an exposure equivalent to
that of approximately 21 cigarettes per person per day. Alveolar exposure to
EPFRs is equivalent to 8 cigarettes per person per day, with combustion
sources contributing the most to EPFRs in the alveoli. This study helps us
to better understand the potential health risks of atmospheric PM with
different particle sizes.
Inter-annual variations of wet deposition in Beijing during 2014–2017: implications of below-cloud scavenging of inorganic aerosols
Authors: Ge Baozhu , Xu Danhui , Wild Oliver , Yao Xuefeng , Wang Junhua , Chen Xuechun , Tan Qixin , Pan Xiaole , Wang Zifa
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Wet scavenging is an efficient pathway for the removal of particulate matter (PM) from the atmosphere. High levels of PM have been a major cause of air pollution in Beijing but have decreased sharply under the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan launched in 2013. In this study, four years of observations of wet deposition have been conducted using a sequential sampling technique to investigate the detailed variation in chemical components through each rainfall event. We find that the major ions, SO42−, Ca2+, NO3− and NH4+, show significant decreases over the 2013–2017 period (decreasing by 39 %, 35 %, 12 % and 25 %, respectively), revealing the impacts of the Action Plan. An improved sequential sampling method is developed and implemented to estimate the contribution of below-cloud and in-cloud wet deposition over the four-year period. Overall, below-cloud scavenging accounts for between half and two thirds of wet deposition of the four major ions, with the highest contribution for NH4+ at 65 % and lowest for SO42− at 50 %. The contribution of below-cloud scavenging for Ca2+, SO42− and NH4+ decreases from above 50 % in 2014 to below 40 % in 2017. This suggests that the Action Plan has mitigated PM pollution in the surface layer and hence decreased scavenging due to the washout process. In contrast, we find little change in the annual volume weighted average concentration for NO3− where the contribution from below-cloud scavenging remains at ~44 % over the period 2015–2017. While highlighting the importance of different wet scavenging processes, this paper presents a unique new perspective on the effects of the Action Plan and clearly identifies oxidized nitrogen species as a major target for future air pollution controls.
Investigating the sensitivity of soil heterotrophic respiration to recent snow cover changes in Alaska using a satellite-based permafrost carbon model
Authors: Yi Yonghong , Kimball John S. , Watts Jennifer D. , Natali Susan M. , Zona Donatella , Liu Junjie , Ueyama Masahito , Kobayashi Hideki , Oechel Walter , Miller Charles E.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The contribution of soil heterotrophic respiration to the
boreal–Arctic carbon (CO2) cycle and its potential feedback to climate
change remains poorly quantified. We developed a remote-sensing-driven
permafrost carbon model at intermediate scale (∼1 km) to
investigate how environmental factors affect the magnitude and seasonality
of soil heterotrophic respiration in Alaska. The permafrost carbon model
simulates snow and soil thermal dynamics and accounts for vertical soil
carbon transport and decomposition at depths up to 3 m below the surface. Model outputs include soil temperature profiles and carbon fluxes at 1 km
resolution spanning the recent satellite era (2001–2017) across Alaska.
Comparisons with eddy covariance tower measurements show that the model
captures the seasonality of carbon fluxes, with favorable accuracy in
simulating net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) for both tundra (R>0.8, root mean square error (RMSE – 0.34 g C m−2 d−1), and boreal forest (R>0.73; RMSE – 0.51 g C m−2 d−1). Benchmark assessments using two regional in situ data sets indicate that the model captures the complex influence of snow insulation on soil temperature and the temperature sensitivity of cold-season soil heterotrophic respiration. Across Alaska, we find that seasonal snow cover imposes strong controls on the contribution from different soil depths to total soil heterotrophic respiration. Earlier snowmelt in spring promotes deeper soil warming and enhances the contribution of deeper soils to total soil heterotrophic respiration during the later growing season, thereby reducing net ecosystem carbon uptake. Early cold-season soil heterotrophic respiration is closely linked to the number of snow-free days after the land surface freezes (R=-0.48, p<0.1), i.e., the delay in snow onset relative to surface freeze onset. Recent trends toward earlier autumn snow onset in northern Alaska promote a longer zero-curtain period and enhanced cold-season respiration. In contrast, southwestern Alaska shows a strong reduction in the number of snow-free days after land surface freeze onset, leading to earlier soil freezing and a large reduction in cold-season soil
heterotrophic respiration. Our results also show nonnegligible influences
of subgrid variability in surface conditions on the model-simulated
CO2 seasonal cycle, especially during the early cold season at 10 km
scale. Our results demonstrate the critical role of snow cover affecting the seasonality of soil temperature and respiration and highlight the
challenges of incorporating these complex processes into future projections
of the boreal–Arctic carbon cycle.
A first chronology for the East Greenland Ice-core Project (EGRIP) over the Holocene and last glacial termination
Authors: Mojtabavi Seyedhamidreza , Wilhelms Frank , Cook Eliza , Davies Siwan M. , Sinnl Giulia , Skov Jensen Mathias , Dahl-Jensen Dorthe , Svensson Anders , Vinther Bo M. , Kipfstuhl Sepp , Jones Gwydion , Karlsson Nanna B. , Faria Sergio Henrique , Gkinis Vasileios , Kjær Helle Astrid , Erhardt Tobias , Berben Sarah M. P. , Nisancioglu Kerim H. , Koldtoft Iben , Rasmussen Sune Olander
Published: November 2020

Abstract. This paper provides the first chronology for the deep ice core from the East Greenland Ice-core Project (EGRIP) over the Holocene and the late last glacial period. We rely mainly on volcanic events and common peak patterns recorded by dielectric profiling (DEP) and electrical conductivity measurement (ECM) for the synchronization between the EGRIP, North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) and North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) ice cores in Greenland. We transfer the annual-layer-counted Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) from the NGRIP core to the EGRIP ice core by means of 381 match points, typically spaced less than 50 years apart. The NEEM ice core has previously been dated in a similar way and is only included to support the match-point identification. We name our EGRIP timescale GICC05-EGRIP-1. Over the uppermost 1383.84 m, we establish a depth–age relationship dating back to 14 967 years b2k (years before the year 2000 CE). Tephra horizons provide an independent validation of our match points. In addition, we compare the ratio of the annual layer thickness between ice cores in between the match points to assess our results in view of the different ice-flow patterns and accumulation regimes of the different periods and geographical regions. For the next years, this initial timescale will be the basis for climatic reconstructions from EGRIP high-resolution proxy data sets, e.g. stable water isotopes, chemical impurity or dust records.
Historical cartographic and topo-bathymetric database on the French Rhône River (17th–20th centuries)
Authors: Arnaud Fanny , Sehen Chanu Lalandy , Grillot Jules , Riquier Jérémie , Piégay Hervé , Roux-Michollet Dad , Carrel Georges , Olivier Jean-Michel
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Space and time analyses of channel changes, especially within large rivers subject to high levels of human impact, are critical to address multiple questions about rivers in the Anthropocene era. The reconstruction of long-term (> 150 year) evolutionary trajectories permits an understanding of how natural and anthropogenic factors impact hydromorphological and ecological processes in rivers, helps with the design of sustainable management and restoration options, and may also help in the assessment of future changes. However, the reconstruction of channel changes can be challenging: historical data are often scattered across many archives, and the quantity and accuracy of information generally decreases as one goes back in time. This data article provides a historical database of 350 cartographic and topo-bathymetric resources on the French Rhône River (530 km in length) compiled from the 17th to mid-20th century, with a temporal focus prior to extensive river training (1860s). The data were collected in 14 national, regional, and departmental archive services. A table describes the properties of each archived data item and its associated iconographic files. Some of the historical maps are available in a georeferenced format. A GIS layer enables one-click identification of all archive data available for a given reach of the French Rhône River. This database provides substantial new material for deeper analyses of channel changes over a longer time period and at a finer time step compared with previously available data. The database has several potential applications in geomorphology, retrospective hydraulic modelling, historical ecology, and river restoration, as well as permitting comparisons with other large and multi-impacted rivers worldwide. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.922437 (Arnaud et al., 2020a). Iconographic extracts of the 350 archived items are available at http://photo.driihm.fr/index.php/category/52.
Vibration error compensation algorithm in the development of the laser interference absolute gravimeter
Authors: Wu Qiong , Teng Yuntian , Wang Xiaomei , Wu Yanxiong , Zhang Yang
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Measurement error arising from vibration interference is recognized as the primary obstacle limiting the accuracy and stability of laser interference absolute gravimeters. The present work addresses this issue by proposing a global search optimization algorithm that determines the optimal absolute value of gravity based on the measured time-displacement coordinates of a falling body and the signal obtained from the passive vibration isolation system of the inertial reference corner-cube in a laser interference absolute gravimeter. Results of numerical calculations conducted under vibration interference conditions with added white noise resulting in a signal-to-noise ratio of 40 dB demonstrate the following. (1) The accuracy and standard deviation of the gravimeter obtained using the proposed algorithm are −0.04 μGal (1 μGal = 1 × 10−8 m/s2) and 0.24 μGal, respectively, while those values obtained by the standard least-squares solution are 10.19 μGal and 154.11 μGal, respectively. (2) The resolution of the test results shows that the average response of the reference value of acceleration due to gravity superimposed by a disturbance of 1.00 μGal is 1.01 μGal using the proposed algorithm and 0.87 μGal using the standard least-squares solution.
Geospatial input data for the PALM model system 6.0: model requirements, data sources and processing
Authors: Heldens Wieke , Burmeister Cornelia , Kanani-Sühring Farah , Maronga Björn , Pavlik Dirk , Sühring Matthias , Zeidler Julian , Esch Thomas
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The PALM model system 6.0 is designed to simulate micro- and mesoscale flow dynamics in realistic urban environments. The simulation results can be very valuable for various urban applications, for example to develop and improve mitigation strategies related to heat stress or air pollution. For the accurate modelling of urban environments, realistic boundary conditions need to be considered for the atmosphere, the local environment and the soil. The local environment with its geospatial components is described in the static driver of the model and follows a standardized format. The main input parameters describe surface type, buildings and vegetation. Depending on the desired simulation scenario and the available data, the local environment can be described at different levels of detail. To compile a complete static driver describing a whole city, various data sources are used, including remote sensing, municipal data collections and open data such as OpenStreetMap. This article shows how input data sets for three German cities were derived. Based on these data sets, the static driver for PALM can be generated. As the collection and preparation of input data sets is tedious, prospective research aims at the development of a semi-automated processing chain to support users in formatting their geospatial data.