bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender Bias Affects Forests Worldwide
Authors: Elias Marlène , Hummel Susan S , Basnett Bimbika S , Colfer Carol J.P.
Published: April 2017

Gender biases persist in forestry research and practice. These biases result in reduced scientific rigor and inequitable, ineffective, and less efficient policies, programs, and interventions. Drawing from a two-volume collection of current and classic analyses on gender in forests, we outline five persistent and inter-related themes: gendered governance, tree tenure, forest spaces, division of labor, and ecological knowledge. Each emerges across geographic regions in the northern and southern hemisphere and reflects inequities in women’s and men’s ability to make decisions about and benefit from trees, forests, and their products. Women’s ability to participate in community-based forest governance is typically less than men’s, causing concern for social equity and forest stewardship. Women’s access to trees and their products is commonly more limited than men’s, and mediated by their relationship with their male counterparts. Spatial patterns of forest use reflect gender norms and taboos, and men’s greater access to transportation. The division of labor results in gender specialization in the collection of forest products, with variations in gender roles across regions. All these gender differences result in ecological knowledge that is distinct but also complementary and shifting across the genders. The ways gender plays out in relation to each theme may vary across cultures and contexts, but the influence of gender, which intersects with other factors of social differentiation in shaping forest landscapes, is global.
The methodology of the gas turbine efficiency calculation
Authors: Kotowicz Janusz , Job Marcin , Brzęczek Mateusz , Nawrat Krzysztof , Mędrych Janusz
Published: April 2017

In the paper a calculation methodology of isentropic efficiency of a compressor and turbine in a gas turbine installation on the basis of polytropic efficiency characteristics is presented. A gas turbine model is developed into software for power plant simulation. There are shown the calculation algorithms based on iterative model for isentropic efficiency of the compressor and for isentropic efficiency of the turbine based on the turbine inlet temperature. The isentropic efficiency characteristics of the compressor and the turbine are developed by means of the above mentioned algorithms. The gas turbine development for the high compressor ratios was the main driving force for this analysis. The obtained gas turbine electric efficiency characteristics show that an increase of pressure ratio above 50 is not justified due to the slight increase in the efficiency with a significant increase of turbine inlet combustor outlet and temperature.
Combined use of coal mine gases for efficient energy generation
Authors: Postrzednik Stefan
Published: April 2017

There are two basic types of coal mine gases: gas from demethanation of coal deposits, and ventilation gas; containing combustible ingredients (mainly methane, CH4). Effective use of these gases is an important technical and ecological issue (greenhouse gas emissions), mainly due to the presence of methane in these gases. Serious difficulties in this area (e.g. using them as the fuel for internal combustion (IC) engine) occur mainly in relation to the ventilation gas, whereas the gas from demethanation of coal deposits can be used directly as the fuel for internal combustion engines. The proposed solution of this problem shows that the simple mixing of these two gases (without supplying of oxygen from ambient air) is the effective way to producing the gaseous combustible mixture, which can be used for the fueling of internal combustion gas engines. To evaluate the energy usefulness of this way produced combustible mixture the process indicator has been proposed, which expresses the share of the chemical energy supplied with the ventilation gas, in the whole chemical energy of the produced fuel combustible mixture. It was also established how (e.g., by appropriate choice of the mixed gas streams) can be achieved significantly higher values of the characteristic process indicator, while retaining full energy usefulness of the gained gaseous mixture to power combustion engines.
Horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of the north-eastern parts of the Hercynian mountains and adjacent localities (Czech Republic)
Authors: Ježek Jan , Omelková Markéta , Hájek Josef
Published: April 2017

The horse fly fauna of the NE parts of the Hercynicum (36 species of 8 genera, including one ssp. and one recognized form) is relatively diverse, including 65.5 % of the Tabanid species recorded from the Czech Republic. All literature records are referred to, and 136 new localities added. The most interesting finds during our faunistic survey were the nationally scarce Silvius alpinus (Scopoli, 1763), Hybomitra arpadi (Szilády, 1923), H. kaurii Chvála & Lyneborg, 1970 and H. nitidifrons confiformis Chvála & Moucha, 1971; in spite of literature records H. lurida (Fallén, 1817) was not re-found. Atylotus plebejus (Fallén, 1817) and Chrysops rufipes Meigen, 1830 are classified as endangered species in the Czech Republic, and Glaucops hirsutus (Villers, 1789) as vulnerable.
Pilgrimage In The Celtic Christian Tradition
Authors: Aist Rodney
Published: April 2017

This papers explores the diversity of pilgrim expressions in the Celtic Christian sources, focusing largely upon scriptural and theological images-namely, the image of Jerusalem, the example of Abraham, and journey as a metaphor for the earthly life. Discussion on Celtic interest in Jerusalem will focus on the text, De locis sanctis, by Adomnán of Iona (d. 704). Central to Abrahamic pilgrimage is the ideal of being a stranger, foreigner, exile and alien in the world. Columbanus (d. 615) and Columba (d. 597) are both described as pilgrims in the tradition of Abraham. The life of Patrick raises the question of the relationship between Abrahamic pilgrimage and the missionary life. The phenomenon of the seafaring monks, most famously St Brendan, will also be discussed through the lens of Abraham, while the corresponding text, The Voyage of St Brendan, will lead to a short discussion of liturgy as a form of pilgrimage. Finally, the lifelong journey of the Christian life-expressed through the metaphors of road and journey in the writings of Columbanus-will be discussed.
A receptionist robot for Brazilian people: study on interaction involving illiterates
Authors: Trovato Gabriele , Ramos Josue G. , Azevedo Helio , Moroni Artemis , Magossi Silvia , Simmons Reid , Ishii Hiroyuki , Takanishi Atsuo
Published: April 2017

The receptionist job, consisting in providing useful indications to visitors in a public office, is one possible employment of social robots. The design and the behaviour of robots expected to be integrated in human societies are crucial issues, and they are dependent on the culture and society in which the robot should be deployed. We study the factors that could be used in the design of a receptionist robot in Brazil, a country with a mix of races and considerable gaps in economic and educational level. This inequality results in the presence of functional illiterate people, unable to use reading, writing and numeracy skills. We invited Brazilian people, including a group of functionally illiterate subjects, to interact with two types of receptionists differing in physical appearance (agent v mechanical robot) and in the sound of the voice (human like v mechanical). Results gathered during the interactions point out a preference for the agent, for the human-like voice and a more intense reaction to stimuli by illiterates. These results provide useful indications that should be considered when designing a receptionist robot, as well as insights on the effect of illiteracy in the interaction.
Prognostic Factors on the Positivity for Metastases of the Axillary Lymph Nodes from Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: Kondov Borislav , Kondov Goran , Spirovski Zoran , Milenkovikj Zvonko , Colanceski Risto , Petrusevska Gordana , Pesevska Meri
Published: April 2017

Aim: The aim of the study was to identify the impact of T stage, the presence of estrogen, progesterone, HER2neu receptors and the values of the Ki67 on the positivity for metastases of the axillary lymph nodes, from primary breast cancer.

Material and methods: 290 surgically treated patients for breast cancer were included in the study. All cases have been analyzed by standard histological analysis including microscopic analysis on standard H&E staining. For determining the molecular receptors - HER2neu, ER, PR, p53 and Ki67, immunostaining by PT LINK immunoperoxidase has been done.

Results: Patients age was ranged between 18-90 years, average of 57.6+11.9. The mean size of the primary tumor in the surgically treated patient was 30.27 + 18.3 mm. On dissection from the axillary pits 8 to 39 lymph nodes were taken out, an average of 13.81+5.56. Metastases have been found in 1 to 23 lymph nodes, an average 3.14+4.71. In 59% of the patients there have been found metastases in the axillary lymph nodes. The univariate regression analysis showed that the location, size of tumor, differentiation of the tumor, stage, the value of the Ki67 and presence of lymphovascular invasion influence on the positivity of the axillary lymph nodes. The presence of the estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and HER2neu receptors showed that they do not have influence on the positivity for metastatic deposits in axillary lymph nodes. The multivariate model and the logistic regression analysis as independent significant factors or predictors of positivity of the axillary lymph nodes are influenced by the tumor size and the positive lymphovascular invasion.

Conclusion: Our study showed that the involving of the axillary lymph nodes is mainly influenced by the size of the tumor and the presence of lymphovascular invasion in the tumor. Ki67 determined proliferative index in the univariate analysis points the important influence of positivity in the axillary lymph nodes, but not in the multivariate regressive analysis.
Quality Management Workshop: Feedback on ISO Certification in a Pharmaceutical Technology Unit
Authors: Perriat Sophie , Cretu Yann , Canonge Jean-Marie , Puisset Florent
Published: April 2017

The implementation of a quality management system within a PUI is an integral part of the tasks of a pharmacist and a pharmacy technician. In this workshop we proposed to share our ISO 9001 certified unit experience. We encouraged participants to share about their interest in a quality management system and gave them some keys for facilitating the initiation of an ISO 9001 certification.
The frowning balance: Semiotic insinuations on the visual rhetoric of justice
Authors: Leone Massimo
Published: April 2017

Some symbols so skillfully traverse epochs and cultures that they are depicted as almost “natural” embodiments of abstract values. The balance is one of these symbols, adopted to represent justice from ancient Egypt until the present time. Power appropriates this “natural meaning” in order to construct a rhetoric of fairness. Yet, semiotics unveils that the balance, like every symbol, is not natural at all, but underpinned by a specific ideology. From the semiotic point of view, the balance is a device that produces indexes, i. e., causal signs that visually signal an invisible property, weight. Although this translation is not automatic, but based on specific indexical circumstances (such as the type of balance, the weighing techniques, and the measuring standards that are used), the balance is paradoxically turned into a symbol of justice precisely because it is depicted as a non-semiotic device, as an instrument that cannot lie, as a machine.
Mission impossible? Judges’ playing of dual roles as adjudicator and mediator in Chinese court conciliation
Authors: Youping Xu
Published: April 2017

Deeply rooted in the Confucian philosophy of harmony, court conciliation conducted by judges in Chinese courtroom has played an important role in resolving civil disputes in China. However, severe criticisms against court conciliation have never been ceased. Critics generally attribute problems to the integration of mediation into adjudication and judges’ playing of dual roles as adjudicator and mediator. Sadly, little has been done to explore how judges’ dual roles in court conciliation are performed and changed, and how the performance and change of judges’ dual roles may affect justice and fairness in dispute resolution. This paper compares the similarities and differences of a judge’s role as an adjudicator and the role of a mediator, analyzes how judges’ dual roles are performed and changed through different patterns of information flow and information sharing, and discusses the impacts of judges’ role change and ways to resolve role conflicts. It is found that similarities between the two roles make it possible for judges in CC to play dual roles, but different role expectations give rise to role conflicts which may, to some extent, be dissolved through effective ways of information exchange.
The first integrated practice of legal translation in modern China: A study of the Chinese translation of Elements of International Law, 1864
Authors: He Qinhua
Published: April 2017

The transplantation of law has always been linked with legal translation either in China or abroad. The latter is the premise of the former as the former is the outcome of the latter. Since the languages people speak differ from country to country, it is necessary for us to translate foreign laws into our own language in order to learn, absorb, judge, comment, and make the right choice. This thesis takes the example of Elements of International Law, which was translated and published in 1864, analyzing the achievements and shortcomings of the first integrated legal translation practice in modern China as well as its influence on legal translation, transplantation, and localization in modern China. Here, I put forward my own humble opinions, seeking advice from other professionals.
Der Ausdruck eines Kindes
Authors: Jornitz Sieglinde
Published: April 2017

Der Artikel analysiert die Portraitfotografie eines Kindes aus der Werkserie „Kinder“ von Herlinde Koelbl. Dabei wird zunächst auf die spezifische Form des fotografischen Portraits eingegangen, das im Kern eine Blickbeziehung mit den Betrachtenden des Kunstwerks initiiert. Im Rückgriff auf die Segmentanalyse von Roswitha Breckner und ihrer Erweiterung wird der körperliche Ausdruck, den das Kind vor der Kamera findet bestimmt. Zentral ist dabei die Frage nach der Selbstdeutung des Kindes aus sich heraus. Wie dieser Selbstausdruck inszeniert wird, wie er gedeutet werden kann und welcher visuelle Zugang zum Kind geschaffen wird, wird im Text dargelegt.
Association between estimated glomerular filtration rate and outcomes in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: a 3-year follow-up study
Authors: He Yang , Qian Hongjie , Xu Lei , Zhang Shanshan , Gu Xueming , Gu Junyi , Shi Jianyuan , Shen Yaping , Liu Jianmin , Tang Zhengyi
Published: April 2017

Objective

End-stage renal disease and dialysis have been proven to be associated with poor prognoses in diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). However, it has rarely been reported whether and to what extent milder renal insufficiency affects the prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the categorized impact of estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) on the outcomes of patients with DFU.

Design and methods

Three hundred and sixty-six DFU patients hospitalized in a Chinese tertiary hospital were recruited and classified into 4 groups according to the eGFRs as follows: normal (≥90), mildly reduced (60–89), moderately reduced (30–59), and severely reduced (<30). These patients were followed-up for an average of 37 months to observe the outcomes, including ulcer healing, amputation, ulcer recurrence, cardiac or cerebrovascular events and death. The associations between eGFR and the outcomes were analysed by Cox proportional-hazards models.

Results

Compared to patients with normal eGFR, patients with moderately reduced eGFR had higher risk of healing failure (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13–3.82), cardiac events (HR = 5.25, 95% CI: 2.17–12.89) and death (HR = 3.54, 95% CI: 1.36–9.20). Severely reduced eGFR was associated with higher incidence of healing failure (HR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.25–6.49) and death (HR = 4.45, 95% CI: 1.23–16.07). The impact of eGFR on ulcer recurrence and cerebrovascular events was not observed in all groups.

Conclusions

Moderately and severely reduced eGFR in patients with DFU were independent predictors for poor prognoses of both the limbs and the patients.
Hearing impairments, presbycusis and the possible therapeutic interventions
Authors: Hussain Basharat , Ali Muhammad , Qasim Muhammad , Masoud Muhammad Shareef , Khan Luqman
Published: April 2017

The hearing is an important sensation of all living organism to maintain his or her life mainly in human. Any distortion to it leads to hearing impairment. Hearing loss (HL) can be congenital or acquired. It can be syndromic; HL associated with other abnormalities or non-syndromic, HL is not associated with any other anomalies. Hearing impairment have mostly autosomal recessive loci, but can be autosomal dominant, X-linked, and mitochondrial. Acquired HL can be genetic or environmental factors based. Age-related HL is acquired hearing loss occur in aged population. Its prevalence rate increases with age. Genetic of presbycusis is not well-known, but NAT2*6A polymorphism, SNPs in KCNQ4, grainy head-like 2 gene, Glutamate receptor-7 gene, 4977-bp mt-DNA deletion in human and 4834-bp mtDNA deletion in rodents were identified. Different strains of mice are developed like C57BL/6J, CBA/CaJ, DBA/2J, BALB/cJ and Fisher 344 albino rats mainly used as models to study HL and presbycusis. Like other disorders have complete treatment, but HL cannot be completely treated. However some attempts can be made for its betterment by using hearing aid devices, surgical and pharmaceutical treatments. In future stem cells and gene therapy will be the affective methods to treat congenital hearing impairment and presbycusis.
Визначення поліморфних варіантів фрагментів ДНК збудників хламідійних інфекцій сільськогосподарських тварин
Authors: Korniyenko M.V. , Кsyonz І.М.
Published: April 2017

Under the currently existing classification, adopted at the Second European Symposium «Animal Chlamydioses and Zoonotic Implications (EMAC-2)», Chlamydia pathogens of animals and humans are intracellular gram-negative bacteria belonging to Chlamydiales order, Chlamydiaseae family, Chlamydia genus. The above mentioned genus includes 11 species: C. abortus, C. avium, C. caviae, C. felis, C. gallinacea, S. muridarum, C. pecorum, C. pneumoniae, C. psittaci, C. suis and C. trachomatis, 10 of them being pathogenic for animals and Chlamydia trachomatis being exclusively human Chlamydiosis agent. Development of highly sensitive and specific molecular genetic test systems for indication and species differentiation of the said Chlamydia genus bacteria will permit to reliably study various aspects of chlamydial infection. Aim of the study was to perform bioinformatiс alignment of different genes’ nucleotide sequences to determine polymorphic DNA regions of Chlamydia genus bacteria, which are the basis for designing oligonucleotide primers for molecular genetic test systems capable of differentiating pathogens, causing disease in cattle and small ruminants, horses and pigs, by species. Bioinformatic study has been performed in 411 primary nucleotide DNA sequences of genes encoding 16S rRNA, RNase P RNA and MOMP of four chlamydial infections agents of farm animals (C. abortus, C. pecorum, C. pneumoniea, C. suis) obtained from the international electronic databases «GenBank» and «PubMed». Meanwhile, it was determined that the gene encoding the main outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Chlamydia possesses the highest variability level, making 97.1%. Using the method of aligning the primary sequences of the said gene, by means of «MEGA4» and «MEGA7» software, polymorphic fragments of nucleotide DNA sequences have been determined for C. abortus, C. pecorum, C. pneumoniea and C. suis. Specificity testing of polymorphic fragments, determined for each of the four chlamydia species with nucleotide sequences of microorganisms, both opportunistic and other infections pathogens, was carried out using «Blast» online software applications. Polymorphic fragments of the gene encoding MOMP of the above Chlamydia genus bacteria will be used to design oligonucleotide primers of test systems for indication and specific differentiation of farm animals’ chlamydial infections agents in polymerase chain reaction.
Prevention paradox logic and problem gambling: Does low-risk gambling impose a greater burden of harm than high-risk gambling?
Authors: Delfabbro Paul , King Daniel
Published: April 2017

Background and aims

The aim of this paper is to examine the evidence and arguments in favor of prevention paradox (PP) logic in the context of problem gambling. Evidence from recent studies of gambling and the distribution of harm across lower and higher risk gamblers is reviewed to examine the contention that the absolute burden of harm is greater in low-risk (LR) gamblers than the problem gamblers.

Methods

The review examines a number of methodological and conceptual concerns about existing evidence in support of the PP.

Results

The principal problems identified include the misclassification of LR gamblers; the use of binary scoring method that understates the frequency of harms in high-risk populations; a tendency to confuse behavior and harm; and the use of potentially overly inclusive definitions of harm with low thresholds of severity.

Discussion and conclusions

This paper makes a number of recommendations for enhancement of this area of research, including the use of clear definitions of harm and LR behavior and a greater focus on harm with material impacts on people’s quality of life.
Targeted needs assessment for a leadership curriculum in a medical college of a developing country
Authors: Ghias Kulsoom , Rehman Rehana , Sabzwari Saniya , Alam Faiza , Abbas Alizeh , Ayoub Shaikh Preet , Siddiqui Usman Tariq
Published: April 2017

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Background: Leadership is an important competency expected of medical graduates. However, formal leadership curricula have been adopted sparingly and there is no reported curriculum specifically developed for resource-constrained healthcare settings that face unique challenges.We conducted a targeted needs assessment to assess perspectives of students, faculty members and academic leaders regarding the leadership-related competencies required for an undergraduate medical curriculum at a private medical college in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: A mixed method design was adopted. For the quantitative arm, a questionnaire was completed by 227 undergraduate medical students to assess leadership potential and perceptions regarding a leadership curriculum. For the qualitative arm, focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews were conducted with nineteen faculty members and two academic leaders for their perspective on required competencies and ideal teaching, learning and assessment methodology. Results: Faculty, academic leaders and students agreed on the definitions of leadership, perceived existing leadership qualities in students, and need for a formal integrated, longitudinal leadership curriculum. However, there were differences of opinion among stakeholders regarding preferred modes of learning that need to be reconciled for an effective curriculum. Conclusions: The study reported can inform the design of an innovative leadership curriculum in resource-constrained context.
Continuidade de Políticas Públicas: A Constitucionalização Importa?
Authors: Couto Cláudio Gonçalves , Lima Giovanna de Moura Rocha
Published: April 2017

RESUMO De que forma a constitucionalização de políticas públicas, ou seja, a transformação de normas que especificam ou estruturam políticas públicas em letra constitucional, afeta sua continuidade? Dialogando com as literaturas sobre constitucionalismo e políticas públicas, propomos um modelo de análise em que a explicação da continuidade das políticas resulta de seu status constitucional e suas fontes de resiliência. Políticas públicas com alto grau de resiliência terão continuidade, independentemente de seu status constitucional; já quando a política apresenta baixo grau de resiliência, o status constitucional ganha importância como definidor de sua trajetória, pois um elevado status constitucional garante, em princípio, sua continuidade. Por fim, um baixo status constitucional de uma política pública favorece sua descontinuidade quando o grau de resiliência é baixo demais para que, por si só, seja contribua para mantê-la. Além de propor um modelo analítico, o artigo analisa, como exemplos, quatro casos em que o modelo se aplica.
A Concentração Eleitoral no Brasil (1994-2014)
Authors: Avelino George , Biderman Ciro , Silva Glauco Peres da
Published: April 2017

RESUMO Este artigo retoma a apresentação de um novo indicador de concentração eleitoral sugerido por Avelino, Biderman e Silva em artigo publicado em 2011 na Revista DADOS e amplia seu uso para o conjunto dos candidatos do país nas eleições realizadas entre 1994 e 2014. Os resultados mostram de forma sistemática que os candidatos que conseguem se eleger são menos concentrados do que os candidatos derrotados. A originalidade principal reside no fato de que tal achado contraria as teses que assumem o predomínio do voto pessoal nas eleições proporcionais brasileiras.
LOCAL PERIARTICULAR ANALGESIA IN TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY
Authors: Sadigursky David , Simões Daniel Pereira , Albuquerque Raphael Araújo de , Silva Monize Zórnio , Fernandes Rogério Jamil Carneiro , Colavolpe Paulo Oliveira
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the use of infiltration of periarticular analgesic agents intraoperatively in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), with regard to benefits, reduction of pain, opioid consumption, improvement of range of motion and early ambulation. Methods: To analyze the benefits of periarticular drug infiltration, the patients submitted to TKA were evaluated, being separated into two groups. One group received the local periarticular infiltration protocol containing 0.5% bupivacaine (400mg/20ml), 1/1000 epinephrine (0.3ml), triamcinolone hexacetonide (20mg/1ml), clonidine (150mcg/1ml) and 20 ml of saline (0.9% SS) and, the other group underwent conventional intravenous analgesia. The results were compared and the variables analyzed were age, sex, BMI, comorbidities, postoperative complications, pain, functional capacity, range of motion, transfusion and rescue opioids for analgesia. Results: The mean age of the patients was 68 years and most were female and presented involvement of the left knee. Postoperatively, patients who had received periarticular infiltration showed improvement of pain as well as functional capacity. Conclusion: The analysis of data obtained demonstrated that the periarticular infiltration of analgesic agents is significantly effective for pain control and functional recovery. Level of Evidence II, Prospective Comparative Study.
BONE FRAGILITY, FRACTURE RISK AND TRAUMA:A COMPLICATED TRIANGLE IN CHILDREN
Authors: Huang De-fa , Lv Deng-kun , Zhao Qi-lin , Zhang Li-feng
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze whether association between bone fragility and risk of fracture depends on the trauma level. Method: All participants along with their mothers underwent DXA scan and body measurements. The subjects answered a self-report questionnaire about their physical activities and the precipitating causes. The questionnaire results were associated with DXA performed at the baseline visit. Results: A total 374 children with available DXA scan and complete follow-up of 5 years were included in the final analysis. Of the 374 children, 53 (14.2%) had one fracture, and 11 (20.7%) had more than one fracture. Based on the modified Landin classification, the trauma level was determined. Of the 53 (14.2%) children who had one fracture, 39 (73.6%) were classified, namely 19 (48.7%) with mild trauma, 16 (41%) with moderate trauma and four (10.2%) with severe trauma. Trauma level could not be assigned to 14 (26.4%) children due to limited information. Children without fractures had significantly higher values in all bone parameters compared to those with fractures caused by mild trauma. Conclusion: Subjects with mild trauma fractures had an inversely proportional ratio between bone fragility parameters and fracture risk compared with subjects without fractures. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.
Atendimentos de jovens vítimas de agressões em serviços públicos de urgência e emergência, 2011: diferenças entre sexos
Authors: Melo Alice Cristina Medeiros , Garcia Leila Posenato
Published: April 2017

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é descrever as características das agressões entre jovens vítimas de violências atendidos em serviços de urgência e emergência, segundo sexos. Trata-se de estudo descritivo com dados do Sistema de Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes do Ministério da Saúde, realizado em 71 serviços localizados em 24 capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal, em 2011. Indivíduos do sexo masculino predominaram entre as vítimas (75,1%) e entre os agressores (83,1% e 69,7% dos casos de violência perpetrada contra vítimas do sexo masculino e feminino, respectivamente). Entre vítimas do sexo feminino, predominaram ocorrências no domicílio (43,6%). O agressor era um estranho em 49,7% dos casos entre vítimas dos sexos masculino e 26,8% do sexo feminino, enquanto era um parceiro ou ex-parceiro em 3,9% e 31,5% (p < 0,001). A maior gravidade das lesões entre os homens era consistente com a maior proporção de mortes nas primeiras 24 horas (2,1%) em comparação com as mulheres (0,2%) (p < 0,001). As características das agressões entre vítimas jovens revelaram-se substancialmente diferentes segundo o sexo. É evidenciada a necessidade da implementação de políticas públicas intersetoriais voltadas para a prevenção da violência, conforme previsto no Estatuto da Juventude.
Chronic kidney disease - determinants of progression and cardiovascular risk. PROGREDIR cohort study: design and methods
Authors: Domingos Maria Alice Muniz , Goulart Alessandra Carvalho , Lotufo Paulo Andrade , Benseñor Isabela Judith Martins , Titan Silvia Maria de Oliveira
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become an important public health issue. The socioeconomic burden of renal replacement therapy (RRT) is very high, as is CKD-related cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Preventive and therapeutic measures only have modest impact and more research is needed. Few cohort studies have been conducted on populations with CKD. Our aim was to establish a cohort that would include more advanced forms of CKD (stages 3 and 4). Data collection was focused on renal and cardiovascular parameters. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cohort study; São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Recruitment took place in Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, from March 2012 to December 2013. Data relating to medical history, food-frequency questionnaire, anthropometry, laboratory work-up, calcium score, echocardiography, carotid intimal-medial thickness, pulse-wave velocity, retinography and heart rate variability were collected. A biobank including serum, plasma, post-oral glucose tolerance test serum and plasma, urine (morning and 24-hour urine) and DNA was established. RESULTS: 454 participants (60% men and 50% diabetics) of mean age 68 years were enrolled. Their mean estimated glomerular filtration rate-CKD Epidemiology Collaboration was 38 ml/min/1.73 m2. Follow-up is ongoing and the main outcomes are the start of RRT, cardiovascular events and death. CONCLUSIONS: The PROGREDIR cohort is a promising prospective study that will allow better understanding of CKD determinants and validation of candidate biomarkers for the risks of CKD progression and mortality.
Bariatric surgery in individuals with severe cognitive impairment: report of two cases
Authors: Cazzo Everton , Gestic Martinho Antonio , Utrini Murillo Pimentel , Chaim Felipe David Mendonça , Cândido Elaine Cristina , Jarolavsky Luciana Bueno da Silveira , Almeida Ana Maria Neder de , Pareja José Carlos , Chaim Elinton Adami
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT CONTEXT: Bariatric surgery has become the gold-standard treatment for refractory morbid obesity. Obesity is frequently associated with certain syndromes that include coexisting cognitive deficits. However, the outcomes from bariatric surgery in this group of individuals remain incompletely determined. CASE REPORT: A 25-year-old male with Prader-Willi syndrome, whose intelligence quotient (IQ) was 54, was admitted with a body mass index (BMI) of 55 kg/m2, associated with glucose intolerance. He underwent the Scopinaro procedure for biliopancreatic diversion, with uneventful postoperative evolution, and presented a 55% loss of excess weight one year after the surgery, with resolution of glucose intolerance, and without any manifestation of protein-calorie malnutrition. A 28-year-old male with Down syndrome, whose IQ was 68, was admitted with BMI of 41.5 kg/m2, associated with hypertension. He underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, with uneventful postoperative evolution. He presented a 90% loss of excess weight one year after the surgery, with resolution of the hypertension. CONCLUSION: Bariatric surgery among individuals with intellectual impairment is a controversial topic. There is a tendency among these individuals to present significant weight loss and comorbidity control, but less than what is observed in the general obese population. The severity of the intellectual impairment may be taken into consideration in the decision-making process regarding the most appropriate surgical technique. Bariatric surgery is feasible and safe among these individuals, but further research is necessary to deepen these observations.
A Mediação da Ambidestria do Vendedor na Relação entre Estresse e Desempenho
Authors: Vieira Valter Afonso , Rosa Marco Aurelio Garcia , Faia Valter da Silva
Published: April 2017

Resumo Neste artigo sugerimos que a ambidestria do funcionário medeia o efeito negativo do estresse de trabalho no desempenho com vendas. Nós ampliamos a literatura sobre ambidestria, não mais posicionando-a como mediadora dos efeitos já conhecidos do contexto, do desenvolvimento do produto, da flexibilidade estratégica e da natureza dinâmica do ambiente, mas sim como mediadora dos efeitos do estresse sobre o desempenho. Um levantamento foi realizado com 307 funcionários de linha de frente que vendem produtos e serviços e gerenciam carteiras de clientes em instituições bancárias. Os achados mostraram que a capacidade do funcionário em balancear as atividades de provisão de serviços aos clientes e as atividades de vendas configura ambidestria, desencadeando maiores níveis de desempenho. Os resultados também demonstraram que o efeito negativo da percepção de ambiguidade de papéis sobre as medidas de desempenho (satisfação no trabalho e desempenho com vendas) é mediado pelo comportamento ambidestro do funcionário.
PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS OF THE INTENSITY OF SQUAMOUS ROT ON PRICKLY PEAR PLANTATIONS IN THE SEMIARID REGION OF THE STATE OF PARAÍBA, BRAZIL
Authors: SOUZA ANNE EVELYNE FRANCO DE , NASCIMENTO LUCIANA CORDEIRO DO , SOUZA BRENO OLIVEIRA DE
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to identify fungal pathogens associated with prickly pear rot and the main components of squamous rot on plantations in the semiarid region of the state of Paraíba, Brazil. Pathogens were identified morphologically. The determination of the main components of squamous rot intensity was based on the incidence and severity of the disease. Fifteen genera of fungi were associated with rot, including Scytalidium sp., which was found on all plantations. The analyses indicated that relative humidity and rainfall favored the intensity of rot more than temperature. At least three pathogens were found to be associated with a high incidence of rot in prickly pear species in the semiarid region of the state of Paraíba, Brazil, but Scytalidium sp. was the most widely distributed. Moreover, the disease caused by this fungus intensifies and progresses under conditions of high humidity at moderate temperatures.
GENETIC DIVERGENCE AMONG COTTON GENOTYPES GROWN IN THE MAIN SEASON AND OFF SEASON
Authors: GILIO THIAGO ALEXANDRE SANTANA , ARAÚJO DEJÂNIA VIEIRA DE , KRAUSE WILLIAN , ROSA HUGO HENRIQUE RIBEIRO , ASCARI JOÃO PAULO
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance and estimate the genetic divergence of 18 cotton genotypes grown in the main season (sowed in December, 2012) and off season (sowed in January, 2013), considering their agronomic characteristics and resistance to Ramularia leaf spot. A randomized block experimental design was used, with five replications. The characteristics evaluated were plant height, first branch height, position of first fruiting branch, height of first fruiting branch, length between nodes, number of nodes, average number of bolls per plant, average boll weight, area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) related to the Ramularia leaf spot severity, weight of 100-seed from the plant middle third, fiber percentage, average production per plant, yield and cotton fiber quality. The results were subjected to individual and joint analysis of variance and the genetic divergence was estimated according to multivariate procedures (Mahalanobis' generalized distance and Tocher's optimization method). The dissimilarity matrices were summed to estimate the genetic divergence, considering both growing periods. Genetic variability was found among the genotypes evaluated, in both the main season and off season. The characteristic that most contributed to the genetic divergence in the main season was the production per plant and, in the off season, was the fiber percentage. According to the results of the present work, the crosses between the genotypes BRS-335 and FMT-707; FM-910 and FMT-707; and IMA-08-12427 and FMT-707 are recommended.
RAINFALL CHARACTERIZATION AND SEDIMENTOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF WATERSHEDS WITH DIFFERENT LAND USES TO PRECIPITATION IN THE SEMIARID REGION OF BRAZIL
Authors: RIBEIRO FILHO JACQUES CARVALHO , PALÁCIO HELBA ARAÚJO DE QUEIROZ , ANDRADE EUNICE MAIA DE , SANTOS JÚLIO CÉSAR NEVES DOS , BRASIL JOSÉ BANDEIRA
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluated the precipitation characteristics (depth, I30 and erosivity) and their effects on sediment production in three watersheds under different managements of land use 35-year regenerating Caatinga (RC), thinned Caatinga (TC), which underwent thinning of trees with diameter smaller than 10 cm; and deforested Caatinga (followed by burning and pasture) (DC). The experimente was conducted in the central, tropical semiarid region of the State of Ceará, Brazil. The precipitation events, surface runoff and sediment production were monitored from 2010 to 2015. The precipitation characteristics were subjected to Pearson's correlation at 1 and 5% of significance and the events that produced sediments in each watershed were hierarchically grouped by hierarchical cluster analysis technique. Two hundred precipitation events were recorded, with 23 (RC), 18 (TC) and 43 (DC) events producing sediments. The use of thinning (TC) decreased the sediment production by 53.5%, while the deforestation, burn and pasture cultivation (DC) increased soil losses by 14%, compared with the RC. The sediment production was greatly correlated with the I30 in the three watersheds, denoting the erosion process great dependence on the precipitation intensity.
MORPHOLOGICAL DISSIMILARITY AMONG MANGABEIRA TREE POPULATIONS FROM AMAPÁ AND PARAÍBA, BRAZIL
Authors: YOKOMIZO GILBERTO KEN ITI , MAIA MARIA CLIDEANA CABRAL , TRINDADE CLAUDECI FERNANDES DA
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Mangabeira fruits are collected from native populations under anthropic pressure. It is therefore essential to obtain morphogenetic information to genetically improve populations, thereby preventing genetic erosion. This research was carried out in the state Amapá and aimed to verify the morphological dissimilarity between two populations, one composed of 36 native progenies and one of eight progenies from Paraiba, outlined in lattices with two replications and six plants per part. The evaluated characteristics were: agronomic value (VA), treetop circumference (CCP), plant height (ALP), estimated number of fruits per plant (NEF), fruit color (COF), average weight of 10 fruits (PMF), fruit diameter (DF), average pulp weight of ten fruits (PMP), average length of 10 fruits (CMF), average number of seeds of 10 fruits (NMS). Our results indicate that the phenotype was mainly determined by responses to environmental changes; in the correlations, inherent fruit characteristics (weight, size, and color) did not affect the VA, while biometric characters influenced VA values. Higher plants presented larger fruits and a larger diameter, bigger quantities, there is also apparent contrast, with a larger amount of smaller size; the populations are dissimilar, indicating the possibility of obtaining of diverging superior segregating.
O sentido de vivenciar a tuberculose: um estudo sobre representações sociais das pessoas em tratamento
Authors: Silva Érika Andrade e , Silva Girlene Alves da
Published: April 2017

Resumo Este estudo, de abordagem qualitativa, ancorado nos pressupostos teóricos da Teoria das Representações Sociais, teve como objetivo analisar as representações sociais dos indivíduos portadores de tuberculose no que se refere à doença e seu tratamento. Foram entrevistadas 12 pessoas em tratamento da doença na Atenção Primária em uma região administrativa do município de Juiz de Fora - MG. Os depoimentos foram organizados por meio da análise de conteúdo temático, proposta por Bardin. Os achados revelam três representações sociais significativas que evocam o sentido de vivenciar a tuberculose: a doença que pressupõe a condenação da vida; a doença que impõe a limitação da vida; e a doença que propõe um (re)começo da vida. Considera-se então a exacerbação da representação da tuberculose como uma doença difícil de ser tratada, com limitação física e social imposta por ela e por seu tratamento. Contudo, ela acolhe mudanças positivas para as pessoas, que a assumem como um recomeço de vida. Essas representações permitiram a reflexão sobre sentido de vivenciar o adoecer de tuberculose, permitindo reflexões que podem contribuir para elaboração de estratégias efetivas para o tratamento da doença, ao se considerar sua vivência sofrida e limitante.
Características da judicialização do acesso a medicamentos no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Catanheide Izamara Damasceno , Lisboa Erick Soares , Souza Luis Eugenio Portela Fernandes de
Published: April 2017

Resumo O Brasil reconhece o acesso a medicamentos como parte do direito à saúde e adota políticas públicas para propiciar sua garantia. No entanto, a Política Nacional de Assistência Farmacêutica não tem conseguido atender a essa demanda. Em parte, por isso, tem crescido o recurso ao Poder Judiciário para a obtenção desses medicamentos no país. Com o objetivo de conhecer as características das ações judiciais, realizou-se uma revisão com busca sistemática dos estudos de natureza empírica, publicados entre 1988 e 2014, sobre a judicialização do acesso a medicamentos no Brasil. Os 53 estudos revisados apresentam achados que ajudam a compreender o fenômeno: as liminares são concedidas na quase totalidade dos casos; parcela considerável das ações poderia ter sido evitada caso fossem observadas as alternativas terapêuticas do SUS. Os estudos revisados não permitem afirmar nem negar que os valores gastos com a compra de medicamentos demandados judicialmente comprometam o orçamento do SUS. Enfim, as pesquisas realizadas permitem que se compreenda melhor o fenômeno da judicialização, embora seja recomendável a realização de outros estudos que descrevam características ainda pouco definidas da judicialização do acesso a medicamentos no Brasil.
Compras federais de antineoplásicos no Brasil: análise do mesilato de imatinibe, trastuzumabe e L-asparaginase, 2004-2013
Authors: Moraes Elaine Lazzaroni , Osorio-de-Castro Claudia Garcia Serpa , Caetano Rosangela
Published: April 2017

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar o perfil das compras realizadas por órgãos federais brasileiros dos antineoplásicos mesilato de imatinibe, trastuzumabe e L-asparaginase, entre janeiro/2004 e dezembro/2013. Métodos: Dados de compras foram extraídos do Sistema Integrado de Administração de Serviços Gerais-SIASG. Foram analisados: quantidade, preço unitário, data e tipo de compra e órgão comprador. Para permitir comparação de preços, os valores correntes foram corrigidos para dezembro/2013, pelo IPCA. Resultados: As quantidades adquiridas do imatinibe e trastuzumabe aumentaram progressivamente, sendo o Ministério da Saúde (MS) o principal comprador. Seus preços médios ponderados (PMP) apresentaram tendência de queda. Observou-se redução nos PMP do imatinibe, mesmo antes da centralização da compra pelo MS. O PMP do transtuzumabe foi reduzido em 57% após a incorporação pela CONITEC e a centralização de compras. As quantidades e preços da L-asparaginase variaram entre os órgãos. Diferentemente dos outros medicamentos, verificou-se significativa elevação de 117% no PMP da L-asparaginase, refletindo o desabastecimento no mercado mundial. Conclusões: A inclusão em Parcerias de Desenvolvimento Produtivo e a centralização das compras pelo MS parecem justificar as reduções de preço do imatinibe e trastuzumabe, reforçando a tese do uso do poder de compra do Estado. Estas reduções podem contribuir na ampliação de seu acesso no SUS.
Questionário de Vivências Acadêmicas (QVA-R): avaliação de estudantes de medicina em um curso com currículo inovador
Authors: Anjos Diego Roberto Lima dos , Aguilar-da-Silva Rinaldo Henrique
Published: April 2017

Resumo: Este artigo analisa o impacto do currículo inovador na adaptação dos estudantes de medicina, propondo-se verificar os fatores que interferem na vivência acadêmica. Utilizamos o Questionário de Vivências Acadêmicas na sua versão reduzida (QVA-r), com escala de Likert de 5 pontos. Participaram 90 estudantes de medicina, 40 da 1ª série e 40 da 3ª série. Em relação ao gênero 60% (n = 48) foram do sexo feminino com (QVA-r total 3,7) e 40% (n = 32) do masculino com (QVA-r total 3,8). Os participantes que exerciam atividade remunerada apresentaram média inferior na dimensão estudo (M =3,3) em relação aos que não exerciam nenhuma atividade remunerada (M = 3,6). Observamos que a dimensão carreira exerce um papel importante na adaptação dos estudantes (M = 4,2) para ambas as séries. Foram identificadas diferenças referentes à idade, evidenciando que os estudantes com maior média demonstraram melhor adaptação à instituição. Constatamos que as mulheres apresentam melhor adaptação ao método de ensino e os homens demonstram melhor adaptação global à instituição. Concluímos que o QVA-r demonstrou ser um bom instrumento de avaliação da adaptação dos estudantes frente à implantação de currículos inovadores no curso médico.