bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Torsion of elastic solids with sparse voids parallel to the twist axis
Authors: Shahzad S , Dal Corso F
Published: January 2019

With the purpose of investigating a linear elastic solid containing a dilute distribution of cylindrical and prismatic holes parallel to the torsion axis, the full-field solution for an infinite elastic plane containing a single void and subject to torsion is derived. The obtained solution is exploited to derive the analytic expressions for the stress concentration factor related to the presence of an elliptical hole, the stress intensity factor for hypocycloidal holes and star-shaped cracks and the notch stress intensity factor for star-shaped polygons. Special sets of the void location are obtained for which peculiar mechanical behaviours are displayed, such as stress annihilation at some points along the boundary of elliptical voids and stress singularity removal at the cusps or points of hypocycloidal or isotoxal star-shaped polygonal voids. By means of finite-element simulations, it is finally shown that the presented closed-form expressions for the stress intensification provide reliable predictions, even for finite-domain realizations; in particular, the infinite-plane solution remains highly accurate when the the smooth and non-smooth external boundaries are larger than twice and five times the void dimension, respectively. Under these geometrical conditions, the derived analytical expressions represent a valid ‘guide tool’ in mechanical design.
Safety Study of Single-Dose Intravenously Administered DOTA-Siglec-9 Peptide in Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Chrusciel Paulina , Yatkin Emrah , Li Xiang-Guo , Jaakkola Ulla-Marjut , Knuuti Juhani , Jalkanen Sirpa , Roivainen Anne
Published: January 2019

The peptide-based radioactive compound [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 is a novel agent for imaging of inflammation with positron emission tomography. The drug target of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 is vascular adhesion protein 1. Previous studies have obtained promising results with [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 in experimental animals. However, before taking this novel imaging agent into clinical trials, safety and toxicological studies need to be performed with the nonradioactive precursor compound DOTA-Siglec-9. This extended single-dose toxicity study was designed to provide information on the major toxic effects of DOTA-Siglec-9 and to indicate possible target organs after a single intravenous (iv) injection in rats. The study was performed using 60 adult Hsd: Sprague Dawley rats and included a control group and a treatment group to investigate the toxicity of DOTA-Siglec-9 solution at a final concentration of 0.2 mg/mL after a single iv injection of 582 µg/kg. The maximum dose tested was 1,000-fold the clinical dose on a mg/kg basis as indicated in European Medicines Agency International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use guideline M3(R2). The planned human clinical dose is approximately 0.582 µg of DOTA-Siglec-9 per kg of body mass. This study demonstrates that iv administration of DOTA-Siglec-9 at a dose of 582 µg/kg was well tolerated in rats and did not produce toxicologically significant adverse effects.
Feline chronic gingivostomatitis is more prevalent in shared households and its risk correlates with the number of cohabiting cats
Authors: Peralta Santiago , Carney Patrick C
Published: January 2019

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine whether feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is more prevalent in shared vs single-cat households, whether the number of cohabiting cats or outdoor access represent risk factors for FCGS and whether the number of cohabiting cats is a useful prognostic indicator for standard surgical treatment.

Methods

Cats diagnosed with FCGS (study group) in the past 5 years at a referral institution were identified. The number of cohabiting cats, outdoor access, number of other cohabiting cats diagnosed with FCGS, ⩾6 month surgical outcome, when applicable, and historical signs of upper respiratory disease among any of the cohabiting cats, as well as patient demographic information, were recorded. Data were collected from medical records and by means of a telephone interview with the owners. The same information was collected from a group of cats of similar demographic characteristics diagnosed with periodontal disease but free of FCGS (control group).

Results

Seventy-six cats were included, of which 36 (47%) had FCGS and 40 (53%) served as controls. Bivariate analysis showed that cats with FCGS were significantly more likely to come from shared households, and had significantly more total cats per household compared with controls. Multivariate analysis also showed that cats in shared households had a significantly increased odds of FCGS compared with those from single-cat households. Historical signs of upper respiratory disease and outdoor access among cats within the same household were not associated with FCGS. The number of cohabiting cats was not associated with surgical outcome.

Conclusions and relevance

Cats with FCGS are more likely to live in shared households. The risk of FCGS correlates with the number of cohabiting cats. The epidemiological features of FCGS may support an infectious etiology. The number of cohabiting cats within a household is not a useful prognostic indicator for standard surgical treatment of FCGS.
Palliative care in motor neurone disease: where are we now?
Authors: Oliver David J.
Published: January 2019

Palliative care has a very important role in the care of patients with motor neurone disease and their families. There is increasing emphasis on the multidisciplinary assessment and support of patients within guidelines, supported by research. This includes the telling of the diagnosis, the assessment and management of symptoms, consideration of interventions, such as gastrostomy and ventilatory support, and care at the end of life. The aim of palliative care is to enable patients, and their families, to maintain as good a quality of life as possible and helping to ensure a peaceful death.
Crash-landings of flying witches in Ghana: Grand mystical feats or diagnosable psychiatric illnesses?
Authors: Adinkrah Mensah
Published: January 2019

Crash-landings are a recurrent theme in Ghanaian witchcraft discourse. In the society’s witchcraft lore, these are inadvertently aborted flights of maleficent witches en route to secret nocturnal witches’ assemblies or to carry out diabolical deeds. While those accused of being witches who have crash-landed invariably face severe mistreatment, no study has systematically explored this purported phenomenon. In this article, I describe the results of an analysis of 10 cases of alleged crash-landings of witches that were reported in the Ghanaian media over a 12-year period. In addition to identifying the common characteristics associated with the alleged crash-landings, I provide a summary description of each case. The results show that the alleged witches were overwhelmingly female, elderly, and poor, and suffered from grave psychopathological conditions. Policy implications of the findings are discussed.
Culture is digital: Cultural participation, diversity and the digital divide
Authors: Mihelj Sabina , Leguina Adrian , Downey John
Published: January 2019

Digital media are seen as important instruments of increasing participation and diversity in arts and culture. To examine whether this view is justified, this article draws on two bodies of research that have hitherto remained disconnected: research on cultural participation and research on the digital divide. Building on these insights, the article examines the Taking Part Survey data on digital media and cultural participation in the United Kingdom between 2005/2006 and 2015/2016, focusing on museums and galleries. While the results confirm that digital media provide an important means of engaging new audiences, they also show that the engagement with museums and galleries both online and offline remains deeply unequal. Most worryingly, the gaps between the haves and the have-nots are even wider online than in the case of physical visits. Rather than helping increase the diversity of audiences, online access seems to reproduce, if not enlarge, existing inequalities.
Psychosocial well-being and social media engagement: The mediating roles of social comparison orientation and fear of missing out
Authors: Reer Felix , Tang Wai Yen , Quandt Thorsten
Published: January 2019

Based on a large representative sample of German Internet users aged 14–39 years, the current survey study investigates how three indicators of decreases in well-being (loneliness, anxiety, and depression) are connected to social media engagement (SME). To provide a deeper understanding of this relationship, not only direct links are inspected, but fear of missing out (FoMO) and social comparison orientation (SCO) are considered as possible mediators. The results show that loneliness, depression, and anxiety are positively related to increases in SME. FoMO and SCO jointly mediate the connection between well-being and SME, that is, decreases in well-being are connected with increases in FoMO and SCO, which in turn positively predict SME. Furthermore, SCO and FoMO are found to be positively related to each other, suggesting that those with a high SCO might form a particular at-risk group for the development of FoMO.
Political conflict in the reform of the Eurozone
Authors: Lehner Thomas , Wasserfallen Fabio
Published: January 2019

The negotiations on the reforms of the Economic and Monetary Union were highly conflictual. This article analyses the dimensions of conflict that structured these negotiations. Using several dimension-reduction methods, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the ‘EMU Positions’ dataset, which codes the positions of all EU member states over a broad range of fiscal, financial, economic, and institutional integration proposals. The empirical findings show that the political contestation in the reform of the Eurozone is one-dimensional between advocates of fiscal transfer and discipline. On this one-dimensional scale, we identify three broader coalitions, while Germany and France lead the two opposing groups. This conflict structure provides a setting conducive to the constant (re-)negotiation of compromises. We conclude the analysis with a discussion of several implications.
Linear stochastic estimation of the coherent structures in internal combustion engine flow
Authors: Butcher Daniel , Spencer Adrian
Published: January 2019

A methodology for estimating the in-cylinder flow of an internal combustion engine from a number of point velocity measurements (sensors) is presented. Particle image velocimetry is used to provide reference velocity fields for the linear stochastic estimation technique to investigate the number of point measurements required to provide a representative estimation of the flow field. A systematic iterative approach is taken, with sensor locations randomly generated in each iteration to negate sensor location effects. It was found that an overall velocity distribution accuracy of at least 75% may be achieved with 7 sensors and 95% with 35 sensors, with the potential for fewer if sensor locations are optimised. The accuracy of vortex centre location predictions is typically within 2–3 mm, suggesting that the presented technique could characterise individual cycle flow fields by indicating vortex locations, swirl magnitude or tumble, for example. With this information on the current cycle, a control system may be enabled to activate in-cycle adjustment of injection and/or ignition timing, for example, to minimise emissions.
Sedentary lifestyle associated with mortality in rural patients with heart failure
Authors: Park Linda G , Dracup Kathleen , Whooley Mary A , McCulloch Charles , Lai Sonia , Howie-Esquivel Jill
Published: January 2019

Background:

The incidence of mortality five years after the onset of symptomatic heart failure is about 50%. Lifestyle behaviors differ substantially and likely lead to prognostic differences.

Aims:

We sought to determine the factors associated with all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure, particularly the impact of a sedentary lifestyle on mortality.

Methods:

This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (REMOTE-HF) to improve self-care through education and counseling ( N=602). We conducted an unadjusted Cox proportional hazards regression analysis with sedentary lifestyle as a predictor of mortality, then added depressive symptoms as a confounder. A Kaplan–Meier survival analysis assessed time to event comparing sedentary lifestyle. Cox models included variables of clinical relevance as well as all significant variables from baseline characteristics associated with all-cause mortality.

Results:

The mean ± SD age was 66 ± 12.4 years, 41% were women, and 90% were of white race. There were 125 all-cause deaths over 24 months. Sedentary lifestyle was associated with a 75% increase in the expected hazard of all-cause mortality (hazards ratio 1.75; p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.21–2.54) after adjusting for moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Two Cox models showed an 89 and 95% increase, respectively, in all-cause mortality in sedentary participants holding all other variables constant.

Conclusions:

Sedentary lifestyle is strongly associated with all-cause mortality, independent of having moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Clinicians and researchers have an important role in promoting sustained and safe physical activity to improve survival. Other important modifiable targets to improve survival include depressive symptoms, low literacy, and low body mass index. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique Identifier: NCT00415545
In vivo miRNA delivery in whitefish: Synthetic MiR92b-3p uptake and the efficacy of gene expression silencing
Authors: Brzuzan Paweł , Woźny Maciej , Lewczuk Bogdan , Florczyk Maciej , Gomułka Piotr , Budzińska Paulina , Wesołowski Michał , Dobosz Stefan
Published: January 2019

Here, we provide the first report of an efficient method of in vivo delivery of MiRNA92b-3p mimic by intraperitoneal injection to whitefish, a Teleost fish. Juvenile whitefish were exposed to synthetic MiR92b-3p suspended in Invivofectamine 3.0 transfection reagent. After 24 and 48 h of the treatment, the blood, liver, spleen, brain, and heart of the fish were sampled to track the uptake of the synthetic miRNA and to assess its specific and off-target effects. RT-qPCR indicated that, within the first 24 h of treatment, MiR92b-3p levels were higher in the blood plasma, liver, and spleen of the injected fish than in the control fish that were administered only solvent vehicle, which was further confirmed by screening the organs with a fluorescently labeled MiR92b-3p probe. We then found that, 48 h after the injection, the mimic decreased the mRNA levels of its putative downstream targets (p53, cdkn1a, and pcna) by approximately 50%, which may indicate that MiR92b-3p was functional. Further profiling of mRNA expression in the liver by RNA sequencing showed perturbations that did not prompt global, specific silencing but instead produced significant differences in expression of a number of genes 48 h after transfection with the mimic. Neither histological nor ultrastructural analyses showed any pathological changes in the liver structure of the exposed fish, and biochemical measurements of the fishes’ blood did not differ between the experimental groups. Together, these results indicate that the MiR92b-3p mimic was effectively delivered to the liver of the injected fish, and that the short-term treatment did not cause any apparent toxic effects. This methodology of miRNA mimic delivery has utility not only for the study of miRNA-dependent silencing mechanisms in fish, but also gives reasons to anticipate significant progress in the development of both miRNA diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in liver injury.

Impact statement

The delivery of short snippets of RNA, such as synthetic miRNA agents, is an essential step for achieving RNA-mediated knockdown, which has not been studied in sufficient detail in fish. Our results indicate that a MiR92b-3p mimic may be effectively delivered via intraperitoneal injection to the spleen and the liver of whitefish, and that it likely achieves functionality without causing any apparent toxic effects in the challenged animals. We report the novel finding that the MiR92b-3p mimic reduced the in vivo liver mRNA expression levels of its putative pro-apoptotic targets (p53, cdkn1a, and pcna), and important metabolic genes, e.g. cdo1. This shows that this methodology of MiR92b-3p mimic transfection in vivo may be a useful tool for studies that investigate the molecular pathways that confer pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic phenotypes or those that regulate intracellular metabolism in fish and other vertebrates.
A new method to calculate the friction coefficient of ball screws based on the thermal equilibrium
Authors: Zhang Lu-Chao , Zu Li
Published: January 2019

Based on the theory of thermal transmission, this article provides a new method to acquire the friction coefficient in ball screw mechanism. While the screw is in thermal equilibrium, the heat absorption is equal to the heat dissipation. The heat absorption is able to be achieved by calculating the heat energy due to the friction at the contact area and the heat dissipation can be calculated by the law of thermodynamics. When the temperature rise is determined, the heat dissipation can be obtained and the friction coefficient in ball screw mechanism can be calculated further. In order to confirm the validity of this method, a measuring system is constructed to obtain the temperature rise of ball screws. The experimental results show that the temperature rise has the same tendency with the theoretical values depending on this model. Therefore, it can be exploited to predict the temperature rise of ball screws in the rated life cycle when the ball screw is under the condition of thermal equilibrium. Furthermore, this model can be used to evaluate the mechanical efficiency, which is an important parameter for the performance of the ball screw.
A career in academic general practice
Authors: Mills Jonathan , Reeve Joanne
Published: January 2019

As a GP, you will make a difference to the lives of many thousands of patients over the course of your career, but as an academic GP you could make a difference to hundreds of thousands, even millions of lives. GPs can have an impact, not just in the consulting room or in patients’ homes. Differences can be made to the lives of many through the education and training of doctors, the work of commissioning boards seeking the best services for a community, or through research and development of the latest treatments. Primary care is a highly cost-effective part of NHS healthcare, and has a key role in promoting health and wellbeing. However, these roles would not be possible without contributions from academic general practice; the continuing success of primary care depends on the academic community that supports, researches, and develops best practice.
Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Lunat Raees
Published: January 2019

Cardiovascular disease is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in the UK. Prevention of cardiovascular disease has been a prominent feature on the healthcare agenda in recent decades. Investment in both prevention strategies and primary care initiatives has aimed to lower the rates of morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular disease incorporates stroke, coronary heart disease, and peripheral arterial disease. It is linked to other co-morbid conditions including dementia, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mellitus. These conditions share a pathology causing atheroma and thrombosis in arteries and reducing blood flow. This article aims to help improve understanding of cardiovascular disease and promote measures to reduce prevalence.
Politicians in the line of fire: Incivility and the treatment of women on social media
Authors: Rheault Ludovic , Rayment Erica , Musulan Andreea
Published: January 2019

A seemingly inescapable feature of the digital age is that people choosing to devote their lives to politics must now be ready to face a barrage of insults and disparaging comments targeted at them through social media. This article represents an effort to document this phenomenon systematically. We implement machine learning models to predict the incivility of about 2.2 m messages addressed to Canadian politicians and US Senators on Twitter. Specifically, we test whether women in politics are more heavily targeted by online incivility, as recent media reports suggested. Our estimates indicate that roughly 15% of public messages sent to Senators can be categorized as uncivil, whereas the proportion is about four points lower in Canada. We find evidence that women are more heavily targeted by uncivil messages than men, although only among highly visible politicians.
Factors Determining the Innovation Types of Manufacturing SMEs in India
Authors: Mubarak Rahman P.  , Kavida V.
Published: January 2019

The objective of this study is to identify the linkage, firm characteristic and R&D variables affecting the innovation types of manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in India. The study is based on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire and analysed by using multinomial logistic regression. The results of the study exhibit that interconnections with government institutions, research institutions, customers and technical institutors are the most significant linkage variables boosting various types of innovations in SMEs. It also identified that the technical background of the entrepreneurs and investments in R&D also has the likelihood of increasing various kinds of innovations in Indian manufacturing SMEs.
Credit Risk Control at Cameroonian Banks’ Board of Directors: The Problems of the Presence of Directors Representing the State and the Nationality of Chairman
Authors: Tioumagneng André , Yota Rostand
Published: January 2019

The evolution of fears related to possible crises reinforces the search of governance, guaranteeing the prudence of banks notably in developing countries. This article discusses the board of directors by proposing to explore the conditions under which it can master the control of bank credit risk. The mobilised conceptualisation pleads for a systemic vision of governance and rejects the relevance of evaluating in isolation the effectiveness of the board of directors. Data used are from a sample of 12 Cameroonian banks for the period 2006–2015. Results highlight that the presence of directors representing the state, unlike the existence of a chairman who is an expatriate, promotes the credit risk. The managerial implication of these results, for possible reforms, is the depoliticisation of the functioning of the board.
Developing Multidimensional Employability Skill Index: A Study of Local and Multinational Companies in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Tamgid Ahmed , Miah Mohammad Khasro
Published: January 2019

This study offers an “employability skill index” for entry-level job seekers and compares the skill requirements of local and multinational corporations (MNCs) in Bangladesh through a structural equation modelling approach. The primary data were collected from 1,285 managers in 24 local companies and 27 MNCs in Bangladesh. The results of the study revealed an eight-dimensional 33-item index with significant differences in skill requirements between local companies and MNCs. The study found that local companies put more emphasis on “Reliability Skills” and “Integrity Skills”. MNCs, on the other hand, highlighted “Interactive Skills” and “Academic Skills” substantially. Finally, the article suggests some directions for future research.
142 ACGIH Threshold Limit Values® (TLV®s) established from 2008-2018 lack consistency and transparency
Authors: Smith Carr J , Perfetti Thomas A
Published: January 2019

The American Conference of Governmental and Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH®) states “…the TLV®-CS Committee preferably relies on published, peer-reviewed literature available in the public domain.” Many studies used to document threshold limit values (TLVs) are not peer reviewed, with many unpublished. The academic studies published in the peer-reviewed literature upon which ACGIH relies to determine TLVs rarely report data not already statistically transformed and thus incalculable. From 2008 to 2018, ACGIH established or reviewed TLVs for 145 different substances or groups of substances. Studies underlying development of these 145 TLVs demonstrate limited reporting of data sufficient to facilitate independent statistical analysis. None of the 145 TLVs showed sufficient data to independently substantiate ACGIH’s evaluations. In the majority of cases, sentinel studies upon which calculation of the TLV was based cannot be determined. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) recommends workplaces rely on ACGIH TLVs and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommended exposure limits rather than older OSHA permissible exposure limit values to optimize worker safety. Inaccurate or poorly substantiated determination of TLVs can adversely affect both human health and commerce, as net US sales of the 145 substances represent an estimated USD$189 billion, about one-fourth of the USD$800 billion chemical market in the United States. ACGIH should provide the studies relied upon, individual data values supporting the TLVs, and statistical calculation methods underlying the development of a TLV. The current system of poorly supported and underreported TLVs has the potential to propagate errors into the standard setting process of other regulatory organizations both nationally and internationally, as the ACGIH TLVs are used by many foreign regulatory bodies. Increased transparency by ACGIH is consistent with recent reforms implemented by US EPA.
Interactional Justice-related Bias and Its Impact on Appraiser’s Decision-making Process: An Experimental Approach
Authors: Chattopadhyay Rachana
Published: January 2019

Interactional justice refers to the fairness in interpersonal treatment received by an individual both before and after the decision-making. Violation of interactional justice leads to the negative consequences. Literature on organizational justice has already identified the influence of gender on interactional justice. Current research is based on Indian context, where numerous intergroup relations create a different group dynamics. In India, apart from gender, religious stereotyping also plays a significant role in social context. The present experimental study investigates how appraiser’s decision on performance rating and reward recommendation is influenced by interactional justice-related stereotype. This study was conducted on Hindu (240) and Muslim (240) postgraduate students of Indian universities in two experimentations. Result reveals the influence of gender and religious bias on appraiser’s decision-making on performance-based reward system. It has been observed that if there is a violation of interactional justice, female employees sharing the same religious group membership with the appraiser are subjected to the most unfavorable performance rating and reward recommendation. Again, in case of interactional justice adherence, this group is rewarded with the maximum benefit. The whole analysis reveals that performance evaluators expect interactional justice from female employee of their own religious group membership. If there is a violation, this group will be the maximum sufferer.
Concurrent Engineering, Knowledge Management, and Product Innovation
Authors: Deshpande Anant
Published: January 2019

Evidence has shown that organizations seldom achieve the advantages offered by concurrent engineering (CE) practices. This may be attributed to the fact that the concept of CE is vague in terms of core elements and needs further investigation. In addition, despite the importance of CE and knowledge management in the context of product innovation, empirical investigation in this area is lacking. To this end, the goal of this research is to identify the critical dimensions of CE and empirically investigate the linkages between CE, knowledge management, and firm’s innovation.

Based on a comprehensive literature review, the study conceptualizes the dimensions of CE as technical and social dimensions. Resource-based view of the firm and knowledge-based view are used to relate CE dimensions, knowledge management, and product innovation. Structural equation modeling was used for the testing of hypotheses. Empirical testing of the hypotheses was carried out by collecting data from 220 pharmaceutical firms operating in India. The findings of the study indicate that social dimensions of CE had a significant impact on knowledge management. Interestingly, the technical dimensions of CE did not have a significant impact on knowledge management. Furthermore, knowledge management was found to have a significant impact on product innovation. The implications of the findings for academicians and practitioners are discussed and directions for further research are also presented.
Stefanweissite, (Ca,REE)2Zr2(Nb,Ti)(Ti,Nb)2Fe2+O14, a new zirconolite-related mineral from the Eifel paleovolcanic region, Germany
Authors: Chukanov Nikita V. , Zubkova Natalia V. , Pekov Igor V. , Vigasina Marina F. , Polekhovsky Yury S. , Ternes Bernd , Schüller Willi , Britvin Sergey N. , Pushcharovsky Dmitry Yu.
Published: January 2019

The new mineral stefanweissite, IMA2018-020, was discovered in sanidinite volcanic ejecta from the Laach Lake (Laacher See) paleovolcano, Eifel region, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Associated minerals are sanidine, nosean, biotite, augite, titanite, ferriallanite-(La), magnetite, baddeleyite and a pyrochlore-group mineral. Stefanweissite is brown and reddish-brown, with adamantine lustre; the streak is light brown to yellow. It forms long-prismatic crystals up to 0.03 mm × 0.07 mm × 1.0 mm and acicular crystals up to 2 mm long and 0.02 mm thick typically combined in radiated aggregates in cavities in sanidinite. Dcalc. = 5.254 g/cm3. The mean refractive index calculated from the Gladstone–Dale equation is 2.260. The Raman spectrum shows the absence of hydrogen-bearing groups. The chemical composition is (electron microprobe, wt.%): CaO 7.63, MnO 2.51, FeO 7.86, Al2O3 0.25, La2O3 2.28, Ce2O3 6.54, Pr2O3 1.01, Nd2O3 1.59, ThO2 3.71, UO2 1.09, TiO2 17.32, ZrO2 28.03, HfO2 0.91, Nb2O5 19.96, total 99.69. The empirical formula based on 14 O atoms per formula unit is Ca1.13(Ce0.33La0.12Nd0.08Pr0.05)Σ0.58Th0.12U0.03Mn0.29Fe0.91Al0.04Zr1.89Hf0.04Ti1.80Nb1.19O14. The simplified formula is (Ca,REE)2Zr2(Nb,Ti)(Ti,Nb)2Fe2+O14. Stefanweissite is orthorhombic, with space group Cmca. The unit-cell parameters are: a = 7.2896(4) Å, b = 14.1435(5) Å, c = 10.1713(4) Å and V = 1048.68(7) Å3. The crystal structure was solved using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Stefanweissite is an analogue of zirconolite-3O with Nb dominant over Ti in one of two octahedral sites. The strongest lines of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å (I, %) (hkl)] are: 2.983(100)(202), 2.897(71)(042), 1.828(38)(154, 400, 333), 1.793(25)(244), 1.767(16)(080), 1.517(10)(282), 1.187(19)(483, 1.11.3, 602). Type material is deposited in the collections of the Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, with the registration number 5191/1.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Analysis of sports image detection technology based on machine learning
Authors: Yang Wenrui
Published: January 2019

Current sports competitions are mostly broadcast in the form of live video or video files, and information detection for athletes and sports economic processes can also be carried out through image detection technology. However, from the current situation, we can see that sports image detection technology is still immature. Therefore, this study uses sports video as a material to analyze the application of sports image detection technology. In this study, image detection technology edge detection, grayscale processing, object capture, target recognition, etc. are combined with the actual needs of sports video to achieve a variety of needs for sports image detection. Simultaneously, this study has realized the recognition of athletes, motion recognition, sports behavior judgment, etc. and built a test platform to verify the effectiveness of this research method. The results show that the research method has certain practicality and can provide a theoretical reference for subsequent related research.
A conserved retromer-independent function for RAB-6.2/RAB6 inC. elegansepidermis integrity
Authors: Kim Jonathan D. , Chun Andy Y. , Mangan Riley J. , Brown George , Pacheco Bruno Mourao , Doyle Hannah , Leonard Austin , El Bejjani Rachid
Published: January 2019

Rab proteins are conserved small GTPases that coordinate intracellular trafficking essential to cellular function and homeostasis. RAB-6.2 is a highly conserved C. elegans ortholog of human RAB6. RAB-6.2 is expressed in most tissues in C. elegans and is known to function in neurons and in the intestine to mediate retrograde trafficking. Here we show that RAB-6.2 is necessary for cuticle integrity and impermeability in C. elegans. RAB-6.2 functions in the epidermis to instruct skin integrity. Significantly, we show that a mouse RAB6A cDNA can rescue defects in C. elegans epidermis suggesting functional conservation across phyla. We also show that the novel function of RAB-6.2 in C. elegans cuticle development is distinct from its previously described function in neurons. Exocyst mutants partially phenocopy rab-6.2 null animals and rab-6.2 null animals phenocopy mutants that have defective surface glycosylation. These results suggest that RAB-6.2 may be mediating the trafficking of one or many secreted glycosylated cuticle proteins directly, or indirectly by trafficking glycosylation enzymes to their correct intracellular localization.
MyoCount: a software tool for the automated quantification of myotube surface area and nuclear fusion index
Authors: Murphy David P. , Nicholson Thomas , Jones Simon W. , O'Leary Mary F.
Published: January 2019

It is often desirable to characterise the morphology of myogenic cultures. To achieve this, the surface area of myotubes is often quantified, along with the nuclear fusion index (NFI). Existing methods of such quantification are time-consuming and subject to error-prone human input. We have developed MyoCount, an open-source program that runs via the freely available MATLAB Runtime and quantifies myotube surface area and NFI. MyoCount allows the user to adjust its parameters to account for differences in image quality, magnification and the colour channels used in generating the image. MyoCount measures of myotube surface area and NFI were compared to the mean of measures performed by two blinded investigators using ImageJ software (surface area R2 = 0.89, NFI R2 =0.87). For NFI, the mean coefficient of variation (CV) between two investigators (17.6 ± 2.3%) was significantly higher than that between the investigator mean and MyoCount (13.5 ± 1.4%). For measurements of myotube area, the CV did not differ between both analysis methods. Given these results and the advantages of applying the same image analysis method uniformly across all images in an experiment, we suggest that MyoCount will be a useful research tool and we publish its source code and instructions for its use alongside this article.
A journey of discovery through the Livonian world: the scholarly work of Tiit-Rein Viitso
Authors: Tuisk Tuuli , Pajusalu Karl
Published: January 2019

This article presents a survey of Tiit-Rein Viitso’s studies on Livonian. Viitso has studied a variety of aspects of this southernmost Finnic language. In the current article, Viitso’s studies on Livonian are grouped into six parts: studies on (1) Livonian pronunciation and word prosody; (2) grammar; (3) vocabulary; overviews of the (4) Livonian language; the (5) Livonian language in the Finnic context; and (6) Livonian folklore, culture, and people. The most important part of Viitso’s Livonian studies concerns gradation in Livonian and its complicated system of morphophonological alternations. His research activities have been crowned with remarkable monumental works including the largest Livonian dictionary to date with an extensive grammatical survey (2012). Being deeply interested in the Finnic languages, Viitso has studied the historical contacts of the Livonian language and its broader Finnic context.Kokkuvõte. Tuuli Tuisk, Karl Pajusalu: Uurimisreis läbi liivi maailma: Tiit-Rein Viitso uurimused. Artiklis antakse ülevaade emeriitprofessor Tiit-Rein Viitso liiviteemalistest uurimustest. Liivi keel on olnud Viitsole paeluvamaid keeli juba üle 50 aasta. Liivi keelt on ta uurinud kõige erinevamatest aspektidest. Artiklis on Viitso liivi uurimusi vaadeldud kuues suures rühmas, milleks on uurimused (1) liivi hääldusest ja sõnaprosoodiast, (2) liivi grammatikast, (3) sõnavarast; lisaks ülevaated (4) liivi keelest, (5) liivi keelest läänemeresoome kontekstis, (6) liivi folkloorist, kultuurist ja inimestest.Märksõnad: Tiit-Rein Viitso, läänemeresoome keeled, liivi keel, uurimisajaluguKubbõvõttõks. Tuuli Tuisk, Karl Pajusalu: Tuņšlimiz reiz leb līvõd mōīlma: Tiit-Rein Viitso tuņšlimizt. Kēras āt vaņţõltõd profesor Tiit-Rein Viitso līvõkīel tuņšlimiz tīed. Līvõ kēļ um vȯnd Viitso pierāst ikš amā interesant kēļ jemīņ äbku 50 āigastõ. Ta um tuņšlõn līvõ kīeldõ setmiņ aspektist. Sīes kēras Viitso tuņšlimiztīed at jagdõd kūdõ gruppõ: (1) līvõ kīel īeldimi ja sõnād prozodij, (2) līvõ kīel gramatik, (3) līvõ sõnād, (4) iļammizt kērad iļ līvõ kīel, (5) līvõ kēļ vāldamiersūomõ kīeld siegās, (6) līvõ folklōr, kultūr ja rovst.
Compound formation principles in Livonian
Authors: Ernštreits Valts
Published: January 2019

Compounding is one of the most productive types of Livonian word formation. Compounds typically are synthetic and contain one or more modifiers, which follow the head of the compound. Most compound nouns have a singular genitive modifier. Livonian also has an important sub-group of compound nouns and adjectives, which has preserved the historical singular genitive ending *-n in modifiers. On rare occasions, the modifier can also be nominative. In such compounds, the modifier partially agrees in case with the head. An important group of Livonian compound nouns, created on the Latvian model, has declinable active present participles as modifiers. The Livonian system of compounds, just like Livonian itself, generally follows traditional Finnic compound word formation principles, but also has characteristics of compound formation typical of Latvian. Understanding the Livonian system of compounds was greatly helped by use of the Livonian written language corpus.Kokkuvõte. Valts Ernštreits: Liitsõnade moodustamise põhimõtted liivi keeles. Liitmine on üks produktiivsemaid liivi keele sõnamoodustuse liike. Üldjuhul on liitsõnad sünteetilised, koosnevad ühest või mitmest täiendsõnast, millele järgneb põhisõna. Enamiku liitsõnadest moodustavad liitnoomenid, milles täiendsõna on valdavalt ainsuse genitiivis. Liivi keeles esineb ka oluline liitsubstantiivide ja -adjektiivide rühm, mis on säilitanud täiendsõnas ajaloolise ainsuse genitiivi lõpu *-n. Harvadel juhtudel saab liitsubstantiivides täiendsõna olla ka nominatiivis ning sellistes liitsõnades ühildub täiendsõna käänamisel osaliselt põhisõnaga. Läti keele eeskujul on liivi keeles tekkinud oluline liitnoomenite rühm, mille täiendsõnana kasutatakse tegevust tähistavat käänduvat aktiivi oleviku partitsiipi. Nii võib öelda, et liivi liitsõnasüsteemis nagu ka liivi keeles üldisemalt ilmnevad nii läänemeresoome keelte traditsioonilised liitsõnade moodustuspõhimõtted kui ka läti keelele iseloomulikud liitsõnade moodustamise jooned. Liivi keele liitsõnade süsteemist ülevaate tegemist aitas oluliselt liivi kirjakeele korpuse kasutamine.Märksõnad: liitsõnad, keeleajalugu, keelekontaktid, liivi keelKubbõvõttõks. Valts Ernštreits: Ītsõnād sǟdimiz pūojmõtkõd līvõ kīels. Ītimi um ikš amā produktīvist līvõ kīel sõnādlūomiz vīțist. Ītsõnād amā jemīņ ātõ sintētizt, nēḑi vīțõb ikš agā setmiņ līekõsõnnõ, mis tagān um alīzsõnā. Amā jemīņ līvõkīels ātõ nǟdõb ītnomend, kus līekõsõnā um īdlug genitīvs. Līvõ kīelst um lieudtõb ka tǟdzi ītsubstantīvõd ja ītadjektīvõd grup, kus līekõsõnā um vȯidõn vanā genitīv lopāndõks *-n. Ōrastiz ītsubstantīvis līekõsõnā võib vȱlda ka nominatīvs ja seļļižis ītsõņši līekõsõnā ītõb nõtkīs alīzsõnāks. Lețkīel nägțõb pierrõ līvõ kīels um suggõn tǟdzi ītnomenõd grup, kus līekõsõnā um nõtkiji partitsip. Võib kītõ, ku līvõ kīel ītsõnād sistēms nemē ka līvõ kīels amnämniz ātõ lieudtõb nei vāldamiersūomõ kīeld irdizt ītsõnād lūomiz pūojmõtkõd, ku ka lețkīel ītsõnād lūomiz irdõkst. Līvõ kīel ītsõnād sistēmõ um dižānist äbțõn mȯistõ līvõ kērakīel korpus kȭlbatimi.
ОБРАЗ И ЕГО ЗНАКОВАЯ ПРИРОДА (К ПРОБЛЕМЕ ЭТНОКУЛЬТУРНОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ)
Authors: Uzdenova Fatima Taulanovna
Published: January 2019

Цель состоит в исследовании парадигмы национально-этнических представлений, связанных с традиционной картиной мира этноса, социально-исторической и культурно-адаптивной деятельностью; выявлении ценностных ориентаций, или спецификатов (на различных стадиях исторического развития), обусловивших изменение в эволюционном развитии этнокультурного сознания.Метод. В работе использованы сравнительно-исторический, структурно-семиотический, герменевтический методы.Результаты. Исследованы образы объектного мира, процессы их смыслопорождения, отражения и преломления в этносознании карачаево-балкарцев. Выявлены образы-семы, отражающие глубинные процессы этносознания и выступающие маркерами этнокультурной идентичности. Поскольку прояснение сущности и структуры национально-этнического сознания невозможно без комплексного изучения его феноменов, объективированных в символе, анализу подвергнуты базисные концепты. На примере концепта «дорога/путь» показаны особенности мировосприятия этноса, обусловленные рекреативным опытом и топологическим пониманием пути как способа познания пространства, а также сакрализацией смыслов, связанных с экзистенциальными представлениями.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут найти применение в ходе выполнения интегративных культурологических, философских, лингвистических научных проектов, исследований по семиотике.
А.К. ТОЛСТОЙ И Э.Т.А. ГОФМАН. СТИЛИЗАЦИЯ РОМАНТИЧЕСКОЙ, ГОТИЧЕСКОЙ ТРАДИЦИЙ В ТВОРЧЕСТВЕ А.К. ТОЛСТОГО
Authors: Koroleva Vera Vladimirovna
Published: January 2019

Цель. В представленной работе исследуются гофмановские черты в творчестве А.К. Толстого на материале рассказов «Упырь», «Семья вурдалака», «Встреча через триста лет», отрывке «Амена» и пьесе «Дон Жуан». Целью работы является выявление гофмановской традиции (романтической и готической) в произведениях Толстого.Метод исследования – компаративный анализ. Основы сравнительного анализа произведений Гофмана с русскими писателями XIX века были заложены в работах А.Б. Ботниковой, Б. Удодова, А.А. Михалевой, И.А. Игнатова и др.Результаты. Были выявлены общие черты восприятия гофмановской романтической и готической традиций у Толстого. В пьесе «Дон Жуан» Толстой следует гофмановской трактовке образа Дон Жуана. В отрывке «Амена» поднимается проблема противостояния христианства и язычества и развивается сюжет вероотступничества, как у Гофмана в романе «Эликсиры дьявола». Толстой также использует гофмановские приемы (переплетение двух исторических эпох, двоемирие) и общие образы (пунша, сна и креста). В рассказе «Упырь» близость к Гофману прослеживается в проблематике (тема родового проклятия, двойничество, тема ожившего портрета), в сходстве некоторых образов (человек в домино, образ пунша) и художественном методе (игра с читателем, романтическая ирония и прием «одушевления неживого»). В рассказах «Семья вурдалака», «Встреча через триста лет» гофмановская традиция проявляется в теме вмешательства потусторонних сил в жизнь людей, кровном вампиризме, теме «ожившего» портрета и образе креста.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены для исследования гофмановской традиции в русской литературе XIX и XX веков.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОТРАЖЕНИЯ ТЕМЫ ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ В СЕВЕРОКАВКАЗСКОЙ ПОЭМЕ
Authors: Uzdenova Fatima Taulanovna
Published: January 2019

Цель исследования заключается в выявлении на материале поэмы специфики отражения темы Великой Отечественной войны в творчестве северокавказских авторов.Метод. В работе использованы сравнительно-исторический и структурно-семиотический методы.Результаты. Исследованы основные мотивы и императивные формулы поэзии о Великой Отечественной войне, выявлены, как основные, две модели изображения: натуралистическое описательство (прием наглядности) и осмысление трагики войны с позиции историзма (ретроспективный взгляд). Показано, что переход от чисто эмоционального и иллюстративного изображения военной действительности – к ее анализу, к социально-историческому и философскому осмыслению сопровождается вовлечением условных форм обобщения (аллегория, метафора), способствующих объективному отражению трагических страниц прошлого. Новшеством явилось введение фольклорных элементов – плачей, контрастирующих средств (изображение красоты и гармонии природы и разрушительных сил войны), развитая ассоциативность. Такого рода новизна образного мышления с наибольшей силой проявилась в поэмном жанре, в героико-биографических поэмах и поэмах-посвящениях.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут найти применение в ходе выполнения интегративных научных проектов, при подготовке учебных пособий и спецкурсов по литературе народов Северного Кавказа.
НОВЕЛЛИСТИКА ЛУИСА СЕПУЛЬВЕДЫ: НЕОБАРОЧНЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ
Authors: Khoreva Larisa Georgievna
Published: January 2019

Цель. В представленной работе анализируются новеллы чилийского писателя Луиса Сепульведы с точки зрения их принадлежности к необарокко. Целью работы является выявление необарочных принципов в произведениях Л. Сепульведы.Метод исследования. Для исследования короткой прозы Л. Сепульведы был применен компаративный анализ, что позволило выявить общие принципы и установки, свойственные необарочным произведениям.Результаты. В ходе проведенного анализа короткой прозы Л. Сепульведы были выявлены принципы, характерные для необарочной литературы: ритмические повторы, ведущие к наращиванию новых смыслов; эстетика избыточности; акцентирование внимания на фрагментах и деталях; культ хаотичности и беспорядка; диалогичность.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены для изучения стереотипов латиноамериканского художественного мышления, отражением которого является литературная практика.