bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evanescence of life and maturing to loneliness. Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz’s short prose forms
Authors: Czapla Kazimiera
Published: March 2022

The article discusses the passing of time and maturing to loneliness, i.e. the philosophical dimensions of existence in Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz’s short prose forms. The influences of Nietzsche’s role of instincts and the pathos of human existence in time, Schopenhauer’s antinomy of human personality, Oskar’s Wilde’s aesthetics with a modernist simplified romantic element and at the same time biological fullness of life, metaphysical anxiety and dionysianness were indicated. The author’s search is accompanied by the conviction that loneliness is inevitable. Realizing this inevitability is adulthood. Attention was also paid to the role of irony in Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz’s short prose forms and its connections with the specific understanding of irony by Cyprian Kamil Norwid, which actually make up the whole philosophy.
French-Russian Rivalry in Africa
Authors: Bartosiewicz Adrian
Published: March 2022

The Franco-Russian rivalry intensified after Vladimir Putin came to power. Russia began to increase its presence in Africa during this period. The main area of the competition is the Sahel region, where Paris’s influence now dominates. The Russians are acting to build a dominant position, which threatens French interests. The author in this work will present not only the current rivalry, but also the origins of the presence and importance of both powers on the African continent.
The aim of this work is to show what areas of contention exist between Moscow and Paris and where the main points of gravity of the rivalry are located. Identify Russian and French interests in Africa and the possibility of citing countries in the sub-Saharan region and the Sahel. Military presence and support seem to be a leading force for creating influence in this sensitive area of the world. The author based his considerations on the following research methods: source analysis, literature of the subject, comparative method, process tracking and case-oriented research, and qualitative data analysis.
The competition is pragmatic. Access to Africa’s large natural resources and the use of African economic growth and boosting one’s economies are important. Russians have been building their influence for several years. Their presence has no significant historical basis and focuses on gaining access to raw materials, providing support to autocratic governments and arms trafficking.
Migration as a Determinant of the Socio-Economic Crisis of Europe
in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Kunz Waldemar
Published: March 2022

Migration to Europe is not a new phenomenon, but its roots date back to the 1960s and 1970s, when, primarily for economic reasons – the lack of sufficient workforce – the Old Continent opened up to immigrants from outside. This article is a geopolitical polemic showing the complex and controversial issue of the regression of security in the global dimension, with an emphasis on international and transnational issues, pointing to the ongoing transformation of the existing political, social, axiological, and cultural order into new complex configurations, somewhat abstracting from tradition and the existing cultural code. The main intention and purpose of this paper are to present the complex problem of the specificity of security in the European and community dimension, pointing to the processes and phenomena changing the architecture of the world order, taking into account the international, transnational and migration contexts.
Application of teaching intellectualization in training aimed at creating a game environment among young footballers
Authors: Kaczor Mateusz , Duda Henryk , Kajderowicz Patryk , Rydzik Łukasz , Ambroży Tadeusz
Published: April 2022

Background: Modern tendencies in football education include the concept of teaching games for understanding based on the development of mental abilities which may encourage players to take creative actions in the game. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the intellectualization of teaching in the game environment of young football players proposed by the authors on changes in the level of acquiring specialized knowledge, football technique (special skills), and the effectiveness of actions in the game (gk. + 4 x 4 + gk.). Materials and methods: The research was conducted on a group of football players from the Hutnik Football Academy in Kraków. The group consisted of 32 young players aged 9 years (Junior E2). The study was conducted from August 2020 to January 2021. The research used the method of pedagogical experiment and natural experiment. The technique of parallel groups (experimental and control) was used in the study. Specialized knowledge test, football technique test, and observation of players’ effectiveness in the game were used to evaluate the players (gk. + 4 x 4 + gk.). Results: The analysis of previous studies showed that compared to the traditional methods, the intellectualization of teaching in the game environment has a greater impact on the level of tested parameters. This was proved by the results of half-year experimental research which showed substantial statistic differentiation in the experimental group of the evaluation of specialized knowledge, football technique, and effectiveness in the game. Based on the correlation analysis, significant relationships were also found between the level of specialized knowledge, football technique, and effectiveness in the game. Conclusion: To improve football training efficiency, it is worth promoting creative methods of teaching the game aimed at creating the game environment and making creative decisions based on the acquired skills and knowledge about the game.
Carbon Black and Lignin Hybrid Filler in Designing NR Based Cushion Gum Composite Formulation
Authors: Puspitasari Santi , Cifriadi Adi
Published: March 2022

Lignin has high potential to be used as rubber cushion gum compound ingredient due to its unique properties. Cushion gum is an adhesive used to bind a new tread to the surface of used tires in a retread tire factory. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of hybrid filler consisting of carbon black and lignin in affecting the physical and mechanical properties of natural rubber (NR) based cushion gum composite. The composition of carbon black/lignin was arranged at 40/10 phr and 35/15 phr. Carbon black grade N220, N330, and N550 were used in this research. Meanwhile, the lignin was specifically in the form of sodium lignosulfonate. The cushion gum compound was also formulated with the addition of pine tar oil as bio-based plasticizer. Commercial cushion gum was used as a comparison. The result showed that the hybrid filled NR cushion gum composite with N330/lignin at 40/10 (coded as SP2) was the most appropriate formula. Compared to commercial cushion gum, the SP2 hybrid filled cushion gum had comparable or even better processability and mechanical properties, attributed to high crosslink density. The excellent adhesive strength of the SP2 NR cushion gum composite was due to the presence of high content of the phenolic functional group in lignin and pine tar oil.
Broadening Participation through Research Experiences in Marine Science: An Early-Admit Immersive College Course Provides Experiential, Place-Based Scientific Training for Hawai‘i High School Students
Authors:   University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Rivera Malia , Ambrosino Christine , Manning Mackenzie , Soon Sherril , Rii Yoshimi , Gorospe Kelvin
Published: March 2022

Developing meaningful and authentic opportunities for students from historically excluded groups that inspire and sustain their interest in STEM pathways is essential for overcoming some of the barriers to entry that continue to hinder diversity in STEM fields. The Research Experiences in Marine Science (REMS) program is an immersive, place-based, course-based research experience at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa that focuses on science-driven marine conservation and incorporates Hawaiʻi’s unique ecology and culture to better engage local high school students and recent high school graduates. During the program, students participate in field- and laboratory-based marine science modules and conduct research alongside professional scientists, science educators, and near-peer mentors, and they are encouraged to consult with Native Hawaiian scholars and practitioners who actively collaborate or partner with the program. Student self-assessments of confidence, attitudes, and interest in marine science were collected pre- and post-program via surveys that included both Likert scale and open-ended items. Results demonstrated significant positive post-program shifts in student confidence in testing hypotheses, valuing environmental stewardship, and recognizing the relevance of marine science, as well as shifts in the students’ interest in marine science subjects and careers. Students reported very high satisfaction with the content modules, group research projects, and overall REMS program experience. Our approach, emphasizing sense of place, community connections, and a strong tiered mentoring structure, provides a robust model for undergraduate science training that may help broaden student participation in conservation-related marine STEM.
Confronting Cognitive Bias in Forensic Anthropology Michigan’s Craigslist Killer Case
Authors: Goots Alexis , Hefner Joseph , Start David
Published: March 2022

Accurately estimating the biological profile is a foundational analysis within forensic anthropology. Although the methods for estimating the biological profile are well established, their accuracy can be affected by several factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic to the skeletal remains. If any of these factors impact the anthropological analysis to the degree that any one of the four components of the biological profile is estimated inaccurately, the potential for making a positive identification is significantly limited. Since identification is one of the primary goals of forensic anthropologists, effort should be undertaken to avoid any issues that could lead to a lengthy case resolution process. One particularly troubling issue in estimating the biological profile is the potential for cognitive bias to influence the anthropological analysis. The ramifications of this bias can be understood especially well in a case context. Therefore, we will present a case that has two clear impacts. First, the circumstances of this case will illustrate the biasing power of extraneous demographic information. The lessons learned from this case will be placed in the context of broader literature regarding cognitive bias in forensic anthropology and will present a cautionary tale and recommendations for forensic practitioners moving forward. Second, this case will underscore the importance of estimating ancestry in forensic anthropology. The methodological process of estimating ancestry in the following case played a crucial role in our eventual ability to make a positive identification, and as such, ancestry estimation should continue to be considered an integral part of the biological profile.
Von der Bringpflicht der Wissenschaft und der Holpflicht der Politik – Zu den Erwartungen der Politik an die Wissenschaft
Authors: Villiger Kaspar
Published: April 2022

Ziel der Politik ist es, den Menschen ein Leben in Würde und Wohlstand zu ermöglichen. Wissenschaft ist unverzichtbar, um dieses Ziel zu erreichen. Aber sie kann den für die Politik Verantwortlichen ihre Verantwortung nicht abnehmen, denn Politik muss neben dem wissenschaftlich Optimalen auch andere Aspekte berücksichtigen wie beispielsweise politische Durchsetzbarkeit, Kosten, Referendumsrisiken oder Vereinbarkeit mit internationalen Verträgen. Wissenschaft erweitert unser Wissen mittels transparenter und überprüfbarer Verfahren. Sie ist ein nie endender Prozess der Suche nach Wahrheit. Oft sind Wissenschaftler in zentralen Fragen dabei auch (noch) uneinig. Das alles eröffnet der Politik auch Missbrauchsmöglichkeiten: Bei Uneinigkeit sucht man den Experten, dessen Meinung gerade passt, oder man lässt Gefälligkeitsgutachten erstellen, oder man beauftragt Experten bewusst mit der Suche nach Argumenten, die die eigenen Vorurteile bestätigen usw. Das alles ändert aber nichts daran, dass die Politik zur Bewältigung der Komplexität der modernen Welt wissenschaftsbasiertes Fachwissen benötigt. Da der Staat nicht umfassend über solches Fachwissen verfügen kann, muss er das in Wirtschaft, Hochschulen und Zivilgesellschaft reichlich vorhandene Wissen auf geeignete Weise nutzen. Politik nutzt die Wissenschaft tendenziell eher zu wenig, häufig auch wegen eines gewissen Besserwissertums. Es darf von der Wissenschaft aber auch erwartet werden, dass sie Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen sucht, die politische Probleme praktisch lösen helfen. Die Wissenschaft hat eine Bringpflicht, die Politik eine Holpflicht.
Die Budgetierung zwischen Revolution, Degeneration und Evolution
Authors: Möller Klaus
Published: April 2022

Die Budgetierung übernahm in der Vergangenheit eine Schlüsselfunktion bei der Steuerung von Unternehmen. Fast ebenso lang wie die Budgetierung existiert aber auch die Kritik an ihr: Sie sei zu aufwändig, zu schwerfällig, sie verursache zahlreiche negative Verhaltenseffekte, und vieles mehr wird ihr vorgeworfen, was vor rund 20 Jahren im Versuch ihrer Abschaffung durch das Beyond Budgeting gipfelte. Die Rufe nach Optimierung bestehen fort, die Abschaffung ist aber nicht breitflächig festzustellen. Der Beitrag positioniert nach einer historischen und funktionalen Einordnung die Budgetierung in Analogie zur Evolution der Arten als kontextsensitive Praktik und differenziert fünf mögliche zukünftige Ausprägungen. Je nach Art der Budgetierung stehen dann stärker instrumentelle, eher technische Methoden im Mittelpunkt oder eher führungs- und verhaltensorientierte Grundsätze.
Soziale Inklusion geflüchteter Frauen
Authors: Kohlenberger Judith , Heyne Sophia , Rengs Bernhard , Buber-Ennser Isabella
Published: March 2022

How do refugee women live, what resources do they have and what challenges do they face? This book provides insights into the lives of female refugees in Austria, who are growing in number but remain largely invisible in public discourse. Drawing on data from a mixed-methods survey, the authors analyse refugees’ social contacts, education and educational aspirations, participation in the labour market, experiences of discrimination and the role of the family and family work in successful integration. Figures, data and facts are presented in great detail and contrasted with personal accounts. This book serves as a guide to countering prejudices and fostering peaceful coexistence in our modern migration society.
Vinkulierungsklauseln in Zwangsvollstreckung und Insolvenz
Authors: Scholz Marcel
Published: March 2022

According to widespread opinion, the restriction of transferability of company shares has no effect in foreclosure and insolvency.The assumptions underlying this view will be examined and partially refuted. In doing so, the foundations for the validity of transfer restrictions in foreclosure and insolvency will be elaborated and the handling of transfer restrictions in both situations will be discussed in more detail. The aim is to strike an appropriate balance between the interests of the creditors and the interests of the company and not just to prioritize one interest.
Terénní výuka na PdF MU
Authors: Frýzová Iva , Češková Tereza , Durna Radek , Mísařová Darina , Knecht Petr , Kolejka Jaromír , Jireček Miroslav , Hanušová Světlana , Randall Alisa , Suchý Jaroslav , Dobrovolná Alena , Buchtová Pavla , Kršková Zuzana , Krahulec Ondřej , Pultar Filip , Vitula Ondřej , Antal Marek , Vrbas Jaroslav , Trávníček Marek , Soják Petr
Published: April 2022

The teaching material “Outdoor Education and its Inclusion into Teaching at PdF MU. Support for the Use of Technology and the Implementation of Research Activities in the Undergraduate Education of Future Teachers“ is the outcome of the project OP VVV Development of the process of undergraduate education at PdF MU: thorough preparation for good practice. One of the outcomes of the project was the preparation of innovative educational materials and courses. The courses were to reflect the educational areas within the updated Framework Educational Programme. In their content, there was to be a maximum connection of teaching with the use of cross-curricular topics. In the course of these, modern strategies for managing learning activities were to be adequately included.
Rosana Bortolin
Authors: Bortolin Rosana
Published: March 2022

A artista Rosana Bortolin aborda o seu próprio corpo, pesquisando elementos naturais, imagens cotidianas e do entorno. É criadora da poética “Habitar Ninhos”, “Sagrado Profano” e “Organismos”. Suas obras são realizadas no Espaço Galeria / Oficina Estúdio, em Cacupé, Florianópolis, Brasil. Outros trabalhos, que também fazem parte do presente ensaio visual, foram concebidos em distintos fornos do mundo, como na Moldávia. A artista participará na Bienal de Cerâmica da Ucrânia, no Museu Nacional de Cerâmica de Opishne, cujo acervo estará constituído com a obra da própria Rosana Bortolin.
Circuitos poéticos e afetos em Gilbertto Prado
Authors: Mello Christine
Published: March 2022

O presente texto concentra atenções na rede de relações articuladas pelos circuitos poéticos e afecções existentes na obra do artista brasileiro Gilbertto Prado (Santos, São Paulo, 1954) na passagem para o século XXI, em especial na arte em rede e nas instalações interativas. Tem como princípio norteador a noção crítica que Gilbertto Prado exerce em sua obra a ética da amizade no corpo social. A partir da observação de sua trajetória, compreende a experiência da arte em rede como espaço compartilhado de liberdade, como ação de conectar, como circuito poético e pluralidade. Observa que seus trabalhos buscam falar, à maneira de Hardt e Negri, da participação, da potência viva das redes como poder de afeto e da expansão do comum.
O Brasil que me foi apresentado versus o Brasil que eu conheço: sobre mim, sobre nós
Authors: Cá Vanito Ianium Vieira
Published: March 2022

“O Brasil que me foi apresentado versus o Brasil que eu conheço: sobre mim, sobre nós” apesar de ser descrito a partir da intercalação da minha percepção externa (midiática) de como era o Brasil e com a minha compreensão interna, vivenciada no Brasil, não é apenas um retrato da minha vida, mas de muitas outras vidas negras que sentem na pele o que é ser negro na sociedade brasileira. Minha indignação soma-se a de muitos africanos que atravessaram o Atlântico em busca da formação superior e/ou de melhores condições de vida e trabalho neste grande país que também é a minha segunda pátria. Entre encantos e desencantos, retenho a esperança de vê-lo acertar as contas com muitos passados mal resolvidos que assombram um possível desenvolvimento harmônico, equitativo e inclusivo. Os poemas aqui apresentados são de minha autoria, extraídos do livro SAKUR! Terra de um homem só, publicado pela Editora Solidus Ltda, em 2012; um registro do nosso universo africano, um relato de sociedade atual, principalmente, um retrato da sociedade guineense. As imagens são de meu arquivo pessoal, sendo as três primeiras tiradas pelo fotografo beninense Yannick Deen Binassou kuassi Noudehou, enquanto na primeira e na terceira visto camisas da Sankofa Butik, loja de vestuário africano do marfinense Loua Pacom Oulai.
Obtaining sound intraclass correlation and variance estimates in three-level models: The role of sampling-strategies
Authors: Kerkhoff Denise , Nussbeck Fridtjof W.
Published: March 2022

Three-level clustered data commonly occur in social and behavioral research and are prominently analyzed using multilevel modeling. The influence of the clustering on estimation results is assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), which indicate the fraction of variance in the outcome located at each higher level. However, ICCs are prone to bias due to high requirements regarding the overall sample size and the sample size at each data level. In Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate how these sample characteristics influence the bias of the ICCs and statistical power of the variance components using robust ML-estimation. Results reveal considerable underestimation on Level-3 and the importance of the Level-3 sample size in combination with the ICC sizes. Based on our results, we derive concise sampling recommendations and discuss limits to our inferences.
Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer gástrico no ano de 2020
Authors: Palheta Alice Miranda , Alencar Bianca Teshima de , Alencar Rafael Teshima de , Lima Natasha Rayane de Oliveira , Aleixo Mariana Lenina Menezes
Published: March 2022

O câncer gástrico está entre os cânceres mais incidentes no Brasil, sendo o tipo histológico mais frequente o adenocarcinoma, responsável por cerca de 95% dos casos deste tumor. O prognóstico da neoplasia gástrica depende fortemente de seu estadiamento no momento do diagnóstico e início do tratamento, o que infelizmente não segue uma padronização no Brasil. O presente estudo teve como objetivo apresentar o perfil epidemiológico das neoplasias malignas de estômago no Brasil no ano de 2020. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, longitudinal através de dados secundários do Sistema de Dados do Ministério da Saúde (DATASUS). Observando os dados obtidos notou-se um aumento considerável no número de casos de neoplasias malignas do estômago no Brasil, onde no ano de 2013 tivemos o total de 5.723 casos, e no ano de 2020 um total de 16.655 casos, tendo um aumento de 291% dos casos nos últimos anos. Quando estratificado por faixa etária, observou-se mais casos na faixa etária de 60-64 anos, com um total de 2.266 casos no ano de 2020, seguido pela faixa etária de 65-69 anos com 2.245, e 55- 59 anos com 2.142 casos.  Quanto ao sexo (ou genêro?) prevaleceram mais casos no sexo masculino, com um total de 8.782 casos, para 7.873 casos no sexo feminino. Verificou-se que no ano de 2020 houve um aumento no número de casos de início de tratamento nos estádios 3 (2.179 total de casos) e 4 (2.478 total de casos) e quanto ao tempo para início do tratamento tem-se um maior números na categoria “sem informação do tratamento”, acompanhado da categoria ignorado para o estadiamento, com um total de 9.047 casos, seguido pela categoria “até 30 dias” com 3.059 casos. Deste modo, percebe-se que há dificuldades em se diagnosticar o câncer gástrico em sua fase inicial, diminuindo assim as chances de cura. O profissional de enfermagem tem papel fundamental no que se refere à assistência desses pacientes, uma vez que está em contato com os mesmos em maior frequência, além de ter a educação em saúde como forte aliada na prevenção e promoção da saúde.
O uso de drogas na adolescência
Authors: Silva Joana Darc Araujo da , Santos Marcos Vinícios Ferreira dos , Sousa Suzane Oliveira de
Published: March 2022

Descrever o uso de drogas na adolescência e os efeitos das drogas na vida do jovem, associar o uso de drogas com problemas neurológicos, relatar a atuação da equipe de enfermagem na prevenção para que não ocorra agravos de saúde, discutir o papel da família na vida desse jovem. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo com revisão bibliográfica que teve como bases de dados SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual, Google Acadêmico, LILACS, PubMed e Ministério da Saúde utilizando artigos publicados entre 2000 e 2021, sendo os descritores: Drogas e adolescência; Equipe de enfermagem; Saúde pública. Foram analisados ao todo 30 artigos onde 21 foram selecionados por ter relação com o tema, sendo que os critérios de inclusão foram relação com o tema, publicações gratuitas, descritores utilizados, coerência com o tema. A adolescência é a fase de amadurecimento onde o jovem começa a conhecer a diversidade do mundo, sendo assim introduzido em uma sociedade onde começa a conhece os riscos e benefícios das próprias escolhas, de acordo com essa nova jornada ele acaba despertando uma curiosidade para as coisas desconhecidas sendo elas boas ou não, dessa forma começa o uso de substâncias licitas e ilícitas, sexo sem a devida proteção, crimes. Neste contexto cabe ao enfermeiro ter como papel principal atuar na promoção e proteção desses jovens relatando a realidade do consumo de drogas e participar na recuperação dos que já estão consumindo, buscando sempre orientar as famílias da comunidade para ficarem atentos sobre o que ocorre no seio familiar, realizar campanhas sobre o assunto, palestras nas escolas.
ПЕТАР II ПЕТРОВИЋ ЊЕГОШ И СТАРА ХЕРЦЕГОВИНА
Authors: Лековић Жарко
Published: March 2022

Долазак на власт Петра II Петровића Његоша 1830. го- дине, човјека изузетне интелигенције и талента, који је посједовао велику културу и дар за политику, одиграо је изузетну улогу у даљој судбини Црне Горе и њених веза са Старом Херцеговином. Чувајући и јачајући везе са Херцеговцима, Петар II је рачунао на ширење свог утицаја на те- риторијама које су се граничиле са Црном Гором и које су често биле по- приште жестоких окршаја хришћанског и муслиманског становништва, сукоба који су могли да прерасту у рат великих размјера. Нарочити ка- мен спотицања у узајамним односима Црне Горе и Херцеговине било је питање о припадности Грахова, које је представљало важан трговачки и војно-стратешки пункт турске управе у Херцеговини. Православно ста- новништво Грахова тежило је спајању са Црном Гором. Узајамно исцр- пљујућа борба на крају је резултирала закључивањем низа споразума (1838–1843). Задатак овог рада је да укаже како на државну дјелатност митропополита Петра II и његову улогу као владара – реформатора и политичара, тако и на везе Црне Горе и Старе Херцеговине – политичке, економске, црквене и културне, у чијем развоју је велика заслуга припа- дала овом истакнутом црногорском државнику.
САВВА КОСАНОВИЧ В РОССИИ В 1872–1874 ГГ.
Authors: Валерьевна Мельчакова Ксения
Published: March 2022

Статья посвящена малоизученной истории путешествия сараевского архимандрита Саввы Косановича по России в 1872–1874 гг. Организацией поездки Косановича занимались министерство иностран- ных дел России, Святейший Синод и Славянский комитет. Огромную помощь гостю из Боснии оказывал видный общественный деятель, се- кретарь Московского славянского комитета Нил Александрович Попов. Письма Косановича к Попову позволили реконструировать маршрут его путешествия. Сараевский архимандрит совершил две большие поездки по Российской империив ходе которых посетил Москву, Санкт-Петербург, Рязань, Моршанск, Козлов, Саратов, Хвалынск, Казань, Вятку, Нижний Новгород, Елец и Орёл. Собранные средства позволили завершить стро- ительство Соборной церкви Рождества Пресвятой Богородицы в Сараеве.
ПОТПУНО ЗАТИРАЊЕ
Authors: Радић Радивој Ђ.
Published: March 2022

Геноцид над Србима у Независној Држави Хрватској од 1941. до 1945. године оставио је толико дубок траг у историји српског народа да вјеро- ватно никада неће престати историографска занимања за разне аспекте тог трагичног периода српске историје. Да напише књигу о геноциду над Србима, а посебно о уништавању српских црквено-умјетничких споме- ника у НДХ, историчара умјетности Динка Давидова подстакла је књига Magnum crimen, његовог професора Виктора Новака.
[Nice to see you again! Italian ECH back in action at national and international congresses]
Authors: Egidio Elena , De Filippis Giovanna , Viarolu Stefano , Zanotti Chiara
Published: March 2022

Not available
Potential roles of melatonin and ABA on apple dwarfing in semi-arid area of Xinjiang China
Authors: Yan Tianci , Mei Chuang , Song Handong , Shan Dongqian , Sun Yanzhao , Hu Zehui , Wang Lin , Zhang Tong , Wang Jixun , Kong Jin
Published: March 2022

Dwarfing is a typic breeding trait for mechanical strengthening and relatively high yield in modern apple orchards. Clarification of the mechanisms associated with dwarfing is important for use of molecular technology to breed apple. Herein, we identified four dwarfing apple germplasms in semi-arid area of Xinjiang, China. The internodal distance of these four germplasms were significantly shorter than non-dwarfing control. Their high melatonin (MT) contents are negatively associated with their malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and oxidative damage. In addition, among the detected hormones including auxin (IAA), gibberellin (GA), brassinolide (BR), zeatin-riboside (ZR), and abscisic acid (ABA), only ABA and ZR levels were in good correlation with the dwarfing phenotype. The qPCR results showed that the expression of melatonin synthetic enzyme genes MdASMT1 and MdSNAT5, ABA synthetic enzyme gene MdAAO3 and degradative gene MdCYP707A, ZR synthetic enzyme gene MdIPT5 all correlated well with the enhanced levels of MT, ABA and the reduced level of of ZR in the dwarfing germplasms. Furthermore, the significantly higher expression of ABA marker genes (MdRD22 and MdRD29) and the lower expression of ZR marker genes (MdRR1 and MdRR2) in all the four dwarf germplasms were consistent with the ABA and ZR levels. Considering the yearly long-term drought occurring in Xinjiang, China, it seems that dwarfing with high contents of MT and ABA may be a good strategy for these germplasms to survive against drought stress. This trait of dwarfing may also benefit apple production and breeding in this semi-arid area.
Computed Tomography of Chest in COVID-19 Infection: A Narrative Review
Authors: Singh Jitender , Tripathy araprasad , Chandel Karamvir , Patel Ranjan
Published: March 2022

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a novel coronavirus that is very contagious. Asymptomatic infection to severe and deadly sickness is all possibilities. The gold standard investigation for diagnosing coronavirus infection is Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Computed Tomography (CT) is an important imaging modality for the management of COVID-19 patients. A CT scan of the chest can also be used to check for disease sequelae. During the pandemic, several classifications and CT Scoring Systems (CT-SS) were devised to aid in triage and diagnosis. Literature search was performed in Google Scholar and PubMed databases using these keywords and their combinations: COVID-19, CT, Ground-Glass Opacity (GGO), RT-PCR. This review paper aims to summarise, discuss and illustrate the radiological findings of the COVID-19 as well as the current status of the CT chest in the management of the disease. CT is the best imaging method for detecting the involvement of the lungs, as well as the quickest way for determining the nature of abnormalities. CT has a vital role in the diagnosis, management, and prognostication of COVID-19 in the fight against the pandemic, as evidenced by extensive research. Understanding of the imaging characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia can help with early control of the disease spread, and CT severity score could be useful for clinical triage, prognosis evaluation, and follow-up.
RISK AND UNCERTAINTY IN CONSUMER DECISION-MAKING: AN OVERVIEW OF PRINCIPLES AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: ALJAZZAZEN Sahoum , BALAWI Ayman
Published: March 2022

Consumers' decision-making power is irrational in everyday life due to risk uncertainty, limited information, perceived cost, and other variables; hence, it is critical to research consumers' decision-making to select the best out of numerous alternatives. This entails selecting a course of action to address a specific problem from among two or more possible alternatives- decision-making processes incorporate elements of uncertainty and risk. Therefore, this article aims to explore the principles, values, and approaches to decision-making risk and uncertainties by analysing recent literature. Decision-making analyses are conducted from a variety of analytical viewpoints. However, Tversky and Kahneman's prospect theory, published in 1979, remains one of the most widely utilised approaches for analysing decision-making under suspicion and ambiguity. Also, personal choices are a problem-solving approach with an emphasis on alternative selection. Ultimately, working on consumer decision-making and aging is critical for a complete knowledge of how customer loyalty and high-quality decision-making may be retained over a person's life.
PROTECTION OF CYBERSPACE IN POLAND AND THE CZECH REPUBLIC – THE ROLE OF SECRET SERVICES
Authors: GRACA Witold
Published: March 2022

Secret services are the key elements in the field of cyber security in Poland. Two of the national CSIRTs (Computer Security Incident Response Teams), i.e. CSIRT GOV and CSIRT MON are run by the following services: the Internal Security Agency and Military Counterintelligence Service. In the Czech Republic, CSIRTs/CERTs at the national level are operated by civilian entities and coordination in the event of a threat is the responsibility of the civilian National Cyber and Information Security Agency (NUKIB). The Polish Act on the National Cyber Security System does not provide for parliamentary control of the activities of national CSIRTs. In the Czech Republic, a special standing committee was established to control the activities of NUKIB. Fundamental differences in the structure of the cyberspace protection system in Poland and the Czech Republic may result from the adoption of different priorities in terms of values by political actors.
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE DIMENSIONS AND EMPLOYEES’ COMMITMENT
Authors: OLAYIWOLA Peter O. , AKEKE Olushola S.
Published: March 2022

Presently, new issues are emerging in the area of employee commitment which is potentially impeding the performance of the majority of firms. This study seeks to investigate the effect of organizational culture (reward system, communication, and teamwork and management support) on employee commitment from the perspective of multiple Industries in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study is anchored on descriptive research design and the data were collected using cross-sectional survey methods from two hundred and sixty-nine (269) valid questionnaires. The data collected were analyzed with Pearson Product Moment Correlation and was further used to test the formulated hypotheses. The findings of the study showed that all the components of organizational culture are significantly related to employee commitments. On this basis, the study recommends that organizations should ensure that policy measures are put in place to guarantee that organizational culture dimensions are significantly improved upon in organizations in order to stimulate employees’ commitment.
The Influence of Total Catastrophe on Simple Birth-Death-Immigration Processes
Authors: Pradhan Bijoy Kumar , Dash Priyaranjan , Upasana .
Published: March 2022

Markov Models are very much popular in studying population dynamics subject to catastrophes. So, emphasis is given on a discrete state space models specically when the population change occurs as a result of births, deaths and immigration in presence of catastrophes. A transient solution of simple birth-death-immigration process under the influence of total catastrophes has been found where the catastrophes occur at a constant rate and the population size reduces to zero if the catastrophes occur. Since, such processes are completely explained in terms of probability generating function, the mean and variance, we have analyzed the process focusing on these aspects. A simulation study was also carried out to gather evidences towards the results.
Impact of Different Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Nutrient Status and Their Uptake by Melia azedarach Seedling
Authors: Gulab . , Verma Ramesh , Ahlawat K. S. , Chugh Rakesh , Sirohi Chhavi , Mehta Satish Kumar , Singh Charan , Khaiper Mamta
Published: March 2022

Melia azedarach belongs to the family Meliaceae, is a deciduous tree with a short bole and a spreading crown and one of the most important trees in arid and semi-arid area. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are soil microorganisms composing the essential components of the sustainable soil-plant system. These AMF form extensive extraradical mycelia which increases accessible soil volume for the plant to absorb phosphorus and water. The effect of three different species of Glomus (G. mosseae, G. intraradices and G. fasciculatum) of AM fungi inoculated with Melia azedarach drupes was observed in the nursery of the Forestry Department, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2019. The results revealed that application of three Glomus species in combination produced synergistic increase in soil macro and micro nutrient contents after harvest i.e. N = 119.86 kg ha-1, P = 16.91 kg ha-1, K = 260.86 kg ha-1, Fe = 5.95 ppm, Zn = 0.66 ppm, Cu =0.42 ppm and Mn = 1.63 ppm. Similarly, there was significantly higher macro and micronutrient (N = 1.39 %, P = 0.27 %, K = 0.63 %, Fe = 90.43 ppm, Zn = 32.24 ppm, Cu = 9.96 ppm and Mn = 31.28 ppm) concentrations in leaves after 180 days in the treatments when soil was inoculated with all three Glomus species. The seedlings uptake of macro and micronutrient was also found highest when three Glomus species were inoculated artificially and simultaneously in soil. Inoculation of the AM fungi improved soil fertility, nutrient content and uptake in Melia azedarach.
Sexual Dimorphism in Dementia and Alzheimer Diseases- A Neuropsychiatric Hospital Based Study
Authors: Ibeachu P. C. , Uahomo P. O. , David L. K.
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Dementia which is a highly neglected syndrome in Nigeria is an umbrella of term that houses a group of diseases and illnesses that affect your thinking, memory, reasoning, personality, mood and behavior.Alzheimer’s disease which is the leading cause of dementia disproportionately affects women than men. The objective of the study is to investigate gender and age differences in dementia and AD.

Method: This study retrospectively analyzed eighty-two (82) consecutive patients’ folder who had been diagnosed with dementia and AD in Rivers State Neuropsychiatric Hospital Rumuigbo, Port-Harcourt from the year 2014 to 2020.

Result: The result obtained showed that the mean age for dementia and AD for males and females were 68.44±8.96 and 70.74±12.98 respectively.

Discussion: It was observed that the females are likely to develop dementia and AD the males, with the prevalence rate of 59 (72.0%) for females while 23 (28.0%) were males respectively. The analysis of comorbidities showed that hypertension and depression were major risk factors in males while depression was a major risk factor in females. There was high risk of association between smoking and dementia in males while Alcohol was a high-risk factor for dementia in females.

Conclusion: Early detection plays a major role in the management of dementia and AD, this study therefore advocates for campaign to educate people about the danger of this sickness and set plan for proper management which will go along way reducing the stigmatization that comes with dementia.
Spatio-temporal Assessment of Phytoplankton and Physicochemical Parameters of Dangana Lake, Lapai, Niger State Nigeria
Authors: Adamu K. M. , Mohammed Y. M. , Mohammed H. , Ebesi E. J. , Jimoh Y. O.
Published: March 2022

Dangana Lake was constructed primarily to provide water for drinking, domestic activities and control flood. Phytoplankton assemblage and physicochemical parameters of Dangana Lake, Lapai, Niger State Nigeria were investigated monthly between March and October 2019 using standard methods and procedures. Water samples were collected from 3 different stations in the Lake. The result of the lake shows water temperature (23.2-29.5ºC), Biochemical oxygen Demand (2.30-3.91mg/l), Dissolved oxygen (3.40-4.70mg/l), water pH (6.10-7.5), Electrical conductivity (60.00-121µS/cm), Nitrates (0.30-1.05mg/l) and Phosphate (0.53-1.75mg/l). Temperature, DO, BOD5, and pH shows no significant difference (p>0.05) among sampling sites, however, Electrical conductivity, Nitrate and Phosphate differs significantly among sampling sites (p<0.05). Seasonally there was a significant difference (p<0.05) among sampling months in all the physicochemical parameter measures. A total of Seventeen (17) species of phytoplankton in six (6) families were encountered. The percentage abundant of phytoplankton revealed Bacillariophyta (36.84%), Dinophyta (33.38%), Chlorophyta (17.05%), Heterokontophyta (6.93%) Cyanophyta, (4.76%), and Euglenophyta (1.02%). Phytoplankton population was significantly higher during the dry season than in the raining season. The Canonical Correspondence analysis (CCA) correlated positively between the measured physicochemical parameters and the observed organisms. The nutrient status of the lake shows a medium range as indicated by the measured environmental parameters.
No Scar as an Indication of Perfect Wound Healing, Ugly Scar as Imperfect Wound Healing and Cancer as Failed Wound Healing
Authors: C. Liau Ming , Liau Craig Christine
Published: March 2022

Wound healing and cancer evolution are closely related to involve progenitor Stem Cells (PSCs) as the critical common elements. Wound healing requires the proliferation and the Terminal Differentiation (TD) of PSCs. Wound triggers biological and immunological responses. The biological response involves the release of Arachidonic acId (AA) from membrane bound phosphatidylinositol for the synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) which are active differentiation inducers (DIs) good for wound healing. Immunological response prompts the production of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), which is also named cachectin after its effect to cause cachexia symptom. Cachexia symptom is bad for wound healing, because of excessive urinary excretion of low molecular weight metabolites resulting in the loss of wound healing metabolites. The proliferation of PSCs is promoted by PGs and the TD of PSCs is accomplished by metabolites involved in chemo-surveillance. Thus, the functionality of chemo-surveillance plays an important role to dictate the success of wound healing. If the functionality is perfect as healthy people, healing of wound with no scar can always be expected. But if the functionality of chemo-surveillance has been damaged due to pathological conditions causing cachexia symptom, then healing of wound may be impaired to result in ugly scar, or even worse cancer. Ugly scar in visible surface is a medical concern, particularly with respect to cosmetic surgery. Cancer is a very fearful disease. The study of wound healing is helpful to heal wound with no scar and to search for a more appropriate strategy of cancer therapy. Data in support of this opinion article were produced by Ming C. Liau as a volunteer researcher during 2010 to 2020 in the laboratory of Professor John P Fruehauf at Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine Medical Center, CA,USA.
Upconversion Nanocrystals with High Lanthanide Content: Luminescence Loss by Energy Migration versus Luminescence Enhancement by Increased NIR Absorption
Authors: Schroter Alexandra , Märkl Susanne , Weitzel Naomi , Hirsch Thomas
Published: March 2022

Lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have attracted a lot of interest due to their benefits in biological applications: They are not suffering from intermittence and provide nearly background‐free luminescence. The progress in synthesis nowadays enables access to complex core‐shell particles of controlled size and composition. Nevertheless, the frequently used doping ratio dates back to where mostly core‐only particles of relatively large size have been studied. Especially at low power excitation as needed in biology, a decrease in particle size leads to a drastic decrease in the upconversion efficiency. An enhancement strategy based on an increased absorption rate of near‐infrared light provided by an increase of the sensitizer content, together with the simultaneous blocking of the energy migration pathways to the particle surface, is presented. NaYbF4(20%Er) particles of 8.5 nm diameter equipped with an about 2 nm thick NaYF4 shell show significantly enhanced upconversion luminescence in the red (660 nm) compared to the most commonly used particles with only 20% Yb3+ and 2% Er3+. The impact of size, composition, and core‐shell architecture on photophysical properties are studied. The findings demonstrate that an increase in doping rates enables the design of small, bright UCNPs useful for biological applications.
Photoexcitation Dynamics and Long‐Lived Excitons in Strain‐Engineered Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Mondal Navendu , Azam Nurul , Gartstein Yuri N. , Mahjouri‐Samani Masoud , Malko Anton V.
Published: March 2022

Strain‐engineering in 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors has garnered intense research interest in tailoring the optical properties via strain‐induced modifications of the electronic bands in TMDs, while its impact on the exciton dynamics remains less understood. To address this, an extensive study of transient optical absorption (TA) of both W‐ and Mo‐based single‐crystalline monolayer TMDs grown by a recently developed laser‐assisted evaporation method is performed. All spectral features of the monolayers as grown on fused silica substrates exhibit appreciable redshifts relating to the existence of strain due to growth conditions. Moreover, these systems exhibit a dramatic slowing down of exciton dynamics (100s of picoseconds to few nanoseconds) with an increase in carrier densities, which strongly contrasts with the monolayers in their freestanding form as well as in comparison with more traditionally grown TMDs. The observations are related to the modifications of the electronic bands as expected from the strain and associated population of the intervalley dark excitons that can now interplay with intravalley excitations. These findings are consistent across both the Mo‐ and W‐based TMD families, providing key information about the influence of the growth conditions on the nature of optical excitations and fostering emerging optoelectronic applications of monolayer TMDs.
An Ultrafast, Durable, and High‐Loading Polymer Anode for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries and Supercapacitors
Authors: Xu Zhixiao , Li Matthew , Sun Wenyuan , Tang Tian , Lu Jun , Wang Xiaolei
Published: March 2022

Zn metal has shown promise as an anode material for grid‐level energy storage, yet is challenged by dendritic growth and low Coulombic efficiency. Herein, an ultrafast, stable, and high‐loading polymer anode for aqueous Zn‐ion batteries and capacitors (ZIBs and ZICs) is developed by engineering both the electrode and electrolyte. The anode polymer is rationally prepared to have a suitable electronic structure and a large π‐conjugated structure, whereas the electrolyte is manufactured based on the superiority of triflate anions over sulfate anions, as analyzed and confirmed via experiments and simulations. This dual engineering results in an optimal polymer anode with a low discharge potential, near‐theoretical capacity, ultrahigh‐loading capability (≈50 mg cm−2), ultrafast rate (100 A g−1), and ultralong lifespan (one million cycles). Its mechanism involves reversible Zn2+/proton co‐storage at the carbonyl site. When the polymer anode is coupled with cathodes for both ZIB and ZIC applications, the devices demonstrate ultrahigh power densities and ultralong lifespans, far surpassing those of corresponding Zn‐metal‐based devices.