bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The advancement of nanosystems for drug delivery in the prevention and treatment of dental caries
Authors: Du Han , Wang Zheng , Long Shenglan , Li Yiding , Yang Deqin
Published: February 2025

The dental caries remains a globally prevalent disease. Although its incidence has decrease due to enhancements in sanitation policies and public health measures, the treatment and prevention of dental caries still pose significant challenges. Within the oral cavity, traditional drug delivery systems suffer from limitation such as inadequate tissue penetration, short duration of action at target site, and low specificity, which minimally affect the prevention and treatment of dental caries. Consequently, nanosystem for drug delivery, offering enhanced drug stability, solubility, and bio-availability while reducing side effects, garnering attention increasing attention in the fight against dental caries. Therefore, this review examines the role of nanosystems for drug delivery in combating dental caries by inhibiting bacteria survival, biofilm formation, demineralization, and promoting remineralization, and exploring their potential to become the mainstream means of prevention and treatment of dental caries in future.
Designing and developing a prescription digital therapeutic for at-home heart rate variability biofeedback to support and enhance patient outcomes in post-traumatic stress disorder treatment
Authors: Macy Rebecca , Somanji Flavio , Sverdlov Oleksandr
Published: February 2025

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition producing considerable distress, dysfunction, and impairment in affected individuals. While various forms of psychotherapy are commonly utilized in PTSD treatment, the known neurological pathologies associated with PTSD are insufficiently addressed by these conventional approaches. Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV-BFB) is a promising tool for correcting autonomic dysfunction in PTSD, with subsequent changes in clinically significant outcome measures. This paper outlines a systematic approach for the development, distribution, and implementation of a prescription at-home HRV-BFB digital therapeutic. We provide recommendations for evidence-generation strategies and propose appropriate regulatory pathways within existing frameworks. Widespread access to HRV-BFB could potentially reduce the distress, disability, and healthcare burden associated with PTSD. Promoting HRV-BFB as a primary intervention could also serve to reduce the stigma associated with “mental” illness and increase health literacy regarding the neuroimmune impacts of psychosocial factors. These processes might in turn improve treatment-seeking, adherence, and supported self-management of these conditions.
Butylboronic acid promotes cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and expression of GJA1, ALP, and NaBC1 in human dental pulp cells in vitro
Authors: Nakano Takashi , Hamba Hidenori , Muramatsu Takashi
Published: February 2025

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of n-butylboronic acid (n-BA) on the proliferative activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, expression of hard tissue formation related genes, ALP and GJA1, and boron transporter gene, NaBC1, in human dental pulp cells. Human dental pulp cells were spread in culture medium with n-BA. The proliferative activity was increased in n-BA group. alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red S staining identified no obvious differences between the n-BA(+) and n-BA(−) groups. Alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly increased in the n-BA(+) group compared to the n-BA(−) group. Expressions of GJA1, ALP, and NaBC1 in the n-BA(+) group were higher than that of the n-BA(−) group. There were no significant differences between NaBC1-shRNA-transfected group and control group about proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity. The results suggest that n-BA promotes cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and expression of GJA1, ALP, and NaBC1, in human dental pulp cells.
Empowering digital competence through peer-assisted learning and virtual reality in health professions education
Authors: Røe Yngve , Johansen Truls Sveløkken , Bruset Else Britt
Published: February 2025

This study examines the integration of peer-assisted learning (PAL) and virtual reality (VR) gaming in health professions education, focusing on an occupational therapy program in Norway. While PAL is known to enhance clinical skills and knowledge, its role in fostering digital competence has been less explored. This research addresses the gap by investigating how peer assistants perceive their roles and development while integrating VR into health education. Implemented since 2021, the educational approach positions peer assistants as supervisors of VR gaming activities, independent of faculty involvement. Following a rigorous recruitment and training process, a “train-the-trainer” model fosters autonomy, leadership, and collaboration, guided by sociocultural learning theory. Three focus groups with 10 peer assistants revealed evolving teacher identities, technological mindsets, and professional growth. Assistants leveraged their unconventional gaming and technology backgrounds to connect digital tools with healthcare practices, emphasizing the role of reflection in leadership development and career aspirations. The findings highlight the dual impact of PAL and VR in advancing students’ digital competence while empowering peer assistants through professional transformation. Challenges, such as technological hesitancy and gender dynamics, were addressed with inclusive strategies. This study contributes to understanding the integration of digital technologies in health professions education, offering a replicable model to foster digital competence and prepare healthcare professionals for a digitalized landscape. Future research should investigate scalability across disciplines and institutions.
A rare manifestation of adrenocortical carcinoma as a mimic of pheochromocytoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Sobolewska Joanna , Respondek Wioleta , Witek Przemyslaw
Published: February 2025

The primary management in the care of patients with adrenal incidentalomas is to determine the oncologic risk, namely, the possibility of malignancy. The first place among adrenal incidentaloma lesions requiring diagnosis and treatment promptly is adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Similarly, in the case of pheochromocytoma, the lack of early diagnosis worsens the patient’s prognosis. Even though both ACC and pheochromocytoma are among the less frequent adrenal lesions, neither should be excluded during differential diagnostics, especially in patients with an equivocal clinical presentation and non-typical adenoma radiological features. ACC presenting as pheochromocytoma is one of the few cases described in the literature, some of which could not collect exhaustive clinical data. Herein, in this article, we would like to provide an overview of reported ACC cases clinically manifesting as pheochromocytoma, based on the clinical image of a 59-year-old female patient with unintentional weight loss, non-specific abdominal pain, a diagnosis of hypertension, and significantly elevated excretion of 3-methoxytyramine in a 24-h urine collection, histopathologically diagnosed with ACC. The case presented emphasizes how crucial a comprehensive diagnostics and individual approach to the patient would be.
A diverse rotation of corn-soybean-winter wheat/double crop soybean with cereal rye after corn reduces tile nitrate loss
Authors: Gentry Lowell E. , Mitchell Corey A. , Green John M. , Guacho Carlos , Miller Eric , Schaefer Dan , Vasquez Annette K. , Yu Zhongjie
Published: February 2025

Artificial drainage via subterranean drainage pipes called tiles transport nitrate from fields to streams, impairing downstream surface waters. Increased crop rotational diversity may conserve nitrogen, support greater system resiliency, and reduce tile nitrate loss. This 9-year study compares tile nitrate loss under a 3-year rotation of corn-soybean-winter wheat/double crop soybean plus cereal rye after corn versus a conventionally managed 2-year corn-soybean rotation. Tile flow and tile nitrate concentration were measured from 2015 through 2023 to determine annual flow weighted mean concentrations and loads of tile nitrate. Cereal rye following corn greatly reduced annual tile nitrate; however, more than 6 Mg ha−1 of above ground biomass may have decreased soybean yield. Winter wheat was efficient at using split-applied fertilizer nitrogen (N) as annual tile nitrate concentrations were reduced similar to cereal rye. Double crop soybean after winter wheat may be the most productive phase of the rotation; however, an early killing freeze greatly reduced soybean yield and increased tile nitrate loss. Interestingly, the subsequent corn crop may have benefitted from this unexpected N source. Overall, tile nitrate loss was approximately 50% less in the diverse 3-year rotational system, suggesting that a more diverse rotational system is efficient at retaining N, conserving nitrogen in the field, and reducing N loss to surface water. This study demonstrated proof of concept that a more diverse crop rotation can reduce tile nitrate loss from fields to streams, while maintaining crop productivity.
SwinClustering: a new paradigm for landscape character assessment through visual segmentation
Authors: Huang Tingting , Huang Bo , Li Sha , Zhao Haiyue , Yang Xin , Zhu Jianning
Published: February 2025

The research value of Landscape Character Assessment (LCA) lies in gaining a deeper understanding of the inherent attributes and interrelationships of various landscapes, thereby providing scientific basis for landscape planning, design, conservation, and sustainable utilization. The traditional LCA methods often overlook the inherent connections between various landscape attributes and geographical spatial relationships among data points, which restricts their application in sustainable multi-scale landscape element assessments. Accordingly, this paper proposes a new paradigm for LCA, SwinClustering, built upon the cutting-edge Swin Transformer architecture. This approach employs a visual segmentation method to achieve multi-scale clustering, utilizing nine key attributes of landscape elements: altitude, aspect, geology, landcover, landform, relief, slope, soil, and vegetation. By extracting semantic features through the GIS-aware Swin Transformer backbone network and leveraging the Feature Pyramid Decoder for segmentation clustering, SwinClustering offers a comprehensive analysis of landscape characteristics. Furthermore, we design a specific training strategy that enables coarseness and fineness control of the clustering results. SwinClustering is tested across three distinct scales: the national scale of China, the municipal scale of Beijing Municipality and the district scale of Wuyishan National Park. These experiments yield promising results, validating the method’s effectiveness across diverse geographic scales. Crucially, the proposed SwinClustering paradigm establishes a unified clustering framework to deeply learn the intrinsic connection between various landscape attributes and the spatial relationship between different geographic locations. Furthermore, its strong generalization capabilities enable its seamless application to LCA tasks at arbitrary scales, marking a sustainable development in the field of LCA.
Optimizing spatial allocation schemes with a focus on carbon fixation services by the integration of GIS and a robust algorithmic approach
Authors: Guo Eryan , He Jing
Published: February 2025

As global climate change becomes more severe, forests, as important carbon sinks, are of great significance for mitigating climate change and protecting the ecological environment. The study took typical forest farms in southern China as the research area, constructed a multi-objective forest planning model based on Simulated Annealing Algorithm, and interfaced with geographic information systems. The aim is to achieve long-term scientific and rational arrangement of forest management measures to balance wood production and forest carbon storage. The results confirm that under the constraints of forest classification management and age structure adjustment of artificial forests, different optimization scenarios gradually stabilize corresponding logging intensity and forest resources from year 40 onwards. By assigning weights to the net present value of wood and carbon sequestration in the objective function, this study explores the impact of social preferences on spatial allocation schemes for forest management. When the carbon sequestration weight is 100%, the current savings are greater than those of other optimized scenarios starting in the 35th year, at roughly 8.8 × 104 m3, and the current carbon storage is superior to those of other optimized scenarios starting in the 25th year, at 4.9 × 104 t. In summary, this research can provide a scientific basis for actual forest management decisions, which is beneficial for improving forest carbon sequestration services, maintaining ecological balance, and promoting regional ecological sustainable development.
A hyper-acute immune hemolytic anemia induced by contrast medium was successfully treated with eculizumab: a case report
Authors: Hermann Sabine , Althaus Karina , Mustafi Migdat , Mayer Beate , Rosenberger Peter , Haeberle Helene Anna , Bernard Alice
Published: February 2025

Contrast medium is frequently associated with allergic reactions and kidney dysfunction. However, contrast media can induce hemolytic anemia with a broad spectrum of hemolytic manifestations. We report a 38-year-old patient with very severe immune hemolytic anemia after the application of iomeprol due to a CT of the thorax/abdomen. In this case report, we illustrate the diagnostics and treatment of life-threatening hemolytic anemia induced by a contrast medium that was successfully treated with eculizumab.
The influence of disturbance location and intensity on the deformation and failure of deep roadway surrounding rocks
Authors: Zhang Tao , Xu Yunyun , Wei Chao , Su Haijian , Feng Yujie , Yu Liyuan
Published: February 2025

The surrounding rocks in deep roadways frequently undergo dynamic disturbances caused by adjacent blasting or mining activities. These dynamic disturbances lead to the propagation and coalescence of cracks in the surrounding rock, inducing dynamic disasters in the roadways. However, the mechanisms of rock crack propagation and the roadway failures, induced by dynamic disturbances under different blasting positions and strengths, remain unclear. To investigate the dynamic disturbance of deep roadway surrounding rocks, large-scale physical model tests are carried out on the dynamic instability of surrounding rock under high in situ stress and dynamic disturbance. The dynamic instability failure modes under different disturbance loads and positions are analyzed. The results suggest that under conditions of high ground stress, cracks initiate in stress concentration zones in deep roadways. As disturbance intensities increase, these cracks can further extend, leading to the rapid failure of the surrounding rock. The location of dynamic disturbances influences the failure process of the surrounding rock in deep roadways. Under such stress conditions, stress concentration often occurs at the arch shoulder and arch bottom of the roadway. When the source of dynamic disturbance changes from the side wall to the arch, it is more likely to cause damage within the stress concentration zones in the arch shoulder and arch bottom, which can result in instability and failure of the roadways.
Study on quality enhancement during cigar tobacco fermentation by Staphylococcus nepalensis: insights into microbial community, volatile substances and sensory evaluation
Authors: Pei Qi , Jiang Xue , Li Zhengqin , Xu Hong , Xie Mingyong , Xiong Tao , Liu Zhanggen
Published: February 2025

Background

The fermentation characteristics of cigar tobacco leaves are closely influenced by the bacterial strains present during the process. This study aims to explore the relationship between bacterial communities and flavor, as well as the impact of key bacterial species on the overall quality of cigars.

Result

The results showed that Staphylococcus nepalensis was the dominant bacteria during the fermentation process. Correlations between bacterial communities and flavor revealed that Staphylococcus nepalensis was positively correlated with carotenoid degradation products, indicating its potential role in promoting flavor formation. Compared to the control groups, those inoculated with Staphylococcus nepalensis showed a significant increase in volatile aroma compounds, particularly megastigmatrienone, and dihydroactinidiolide. Additionally, inoculation with Staphylococcus nepalensis resulted in higher consumption rates of reducing sugars and total nitrogen content. However, nicotine levels were lower in the cigars treated with Staphylococcus nepalensis compared to the controls. The sensory evaluation further revealed that fermentation with Staphylococcus nepalensis notably enhanced the cigars’ aroma quality, reduced irritation, and improved both aftertaste and sweetness.

Conclusion

In summary, the study provides valuable bacteriological resources and a theoretical foundation for optimizing industrial production processes, making it useful for enhancing the quality of cigars in large-scale manufacturing.
Microbial community variations in adult Hyalomma dromedarii ticks from single locations in Saudi Arabia and Tunisia
Authors: Kratou Myriam , Maitre Apolline , Abuin-Denis Lianet , Selmi Rachid , Belkahia Hanène , Alanazi Abdullah D. , Gattan Hattan , Al-Ahmadi Bassam M. , Shater Abdullah F. , Mateos-Hernández Lourdes , Obregón Dasiel , Messadi Lilia , Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro , Ben Said Mourad
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The camel-infesting tick, Hyalomma dromedarii, is a prominent ectoparasite in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, critically impacting camel health and acting as a vector for tick-borne pathogens. Despite prior studies on its microbiota, the effects of geographic origin and sex on microbial community structure and functional stability remain poorly understood.

Methods

To address this, we characterized the bacterial microbiota of H. dromedarii ticks collected from camels in Tunisia (TUN) and Saudi Arabia (SA) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, microbial network analysis, and metabolic pathway prediction.

Results

Our findings indicate a dominant presence of Francisella endosymbionts in Tunisian ticks, suggesting adaptive roles of H. dromedarii ticks in arid ecosystems. Keystone taxa, particularly Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium, were identified as central to microbial network structure and resilience. Moreover, network robustness analyses demonstrated enhanced ecological stability in the Tunisian tick microbiota under perturbation, indicative of higher resilience to environmental fluctuations compared to Saudi Arabian ticks. Additionally, functional pathway predictions further revealed geographically distinct metabolic profiles between both groups (Tunisia vs. Saudi Arabia and males vs. females), underscoring environmental and biological influences on H. dromedarii microbiota assembly.

Discussion

These results highlight region-specific and sex-specific microbial adaptations in H. dromedarii, with potential implications for pathogen transmission dynamics and vector resilience. Understanding these microbial interactions may contribute to improved strategies for tick control and tick-borne disease prevention.
Improved early postoperative cognition in elderly gastrointestinal patients: a randomized controlled trial on the role of ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block
Authors: Xue Ruyue , Li Yuexian , Zhan Mei , Yang Lin , Sun Defeng
Published: February 2025

Background

This study evaluates the impact of ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block (SGB) on early postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients who underwent laparoscopic gastrointestinal (GI) surgery, as well as its potential effect on oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.

Methods

In this randomized controlled trial, 104 elderly patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic GI surgery were randomized to receive ultrasound-guided SGB before general anesthesia (SGB group) or general anesthesia alone (control group). A total of 98 patients completed the study. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) preoperatively, and on postoperative days one and three. The perioperative recordings included mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and the bispectral index. Blood samples were analyzed for interleukin-6 (IL-6), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA).

Results

The SGB group had a significantly lower incidence of POCD on postoperative day one (p < 0.05). IL-6 and MDA levels were significantly lower, while SOD levels were higher in the SGB group, when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). MDA levels were notably lower on postoperative day three in the SGB group (p < 0.05). Both groups showed significant changes in IL-6, SOD and MDA levels, when compared to preoperative values. The hemodynamic indicators showed a slight reduction in intraoperative blood pressure and decreased numerical rating scale scores on the first postoperative day without significant differences in other indicators.

Conclusion

Preoperative SGB reduces early POCD in elderly patients who undergo laparoscopic GI surgery, possibly through the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.
Diagnostic ultrasound enhances, then reduces, exogenously induced brain activity of mice
Authors: Tan Henry , Griggs Devon J. , Chen Lucas , Culevski Kahte Adele , Floerchinger Kathryn , Phutirat Alissa , Koh Gabe , Schimek Nels , Mourad Pierre D.
Published: February 2025

Transcranially delivered diagnostic ultrasound (tDUS) applied to the human brain can modulate those brains such that they became more receptive to external stimulation relative to sham ultrasound exposure. Here, we sought to directly measure the effect of tDUS on mouse brain activity subjected to an external stimulation—a blinking light. Using electrocorticography, we observed a substantial increase in median brain activity due to tDUS plus a blinking light relative to baseline and relative to sham tDUS plus a blinking light. Subsequent brain activity decreased after cessation of tDUS but with continuation of the blinking light, though it remained above that demonstrated by mice exposed to only a blinking light. In a separate experiment, we showed that tDUS alone, without a blinking light, had no observable effect on median brain activity, but upon its cessation, brain activity decreased. These results demonstrate that simultaneous exposure to tDUS and blinking light can increase the receptivity of the visual cortex of mice exposed to that light, and that prior exposure to tDUS can reduce subsequent brain activity. In each case, these results are consistent with published data. Our results on mice echo published human results but do not directly explain them, since their test subjects received less intense diagnostic ultrasound than did our mice. Given the near ubiquity of diagnostic ultrasound systems, further progress along this line of research could one day lead to the widespread use of diagnostic ultrasound to intentionally modulate human brain function during exogenous stimulation.
EEG alpha/beta features as a biomarker for quantifying pain in patients with lumbar disk herniation
Authors: Li Rumei , Shao Wanqi , Zhao Shumei , Wang Lingli , Yu Chao , Liu Lanying , Yin Kuiying
Published: February 2025

Introduction

An objective and precise pain evaluation is of significant clinical value, and electroencephalography as a non-invasive physiological signal has been demonstrated to correlate with subjective pain perception. This study aimed to analyze the EEG changes in patients with lumbar disk herniation (LDH) under traditional Chinese medicine small needle knife and to further explore the feasibility of EEG as an indicator of pain assessment in patients with LDH.

Methods

This study conducted resting-state electroencephalography on 20 patients with LDH before and after treatment and on 20 healthy controls, respectively. Following the spectral analysis of the EEG signals with continuous wavelet transform, power ratios were extracted for four frequency bands (θ, α, β and γ). Significance tests were conducted within the LDH group and between the LDH and healthy controls, as well as correlation analyses of EEG characteristics with pain scales in four regions of interest.

Results

A significant reduction in subjective pain intensity was observed after small needle knife, with a 32.86 and 38.41% reduction in the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) scores, respectively. Alpha accounted for a significantly higher of the four regions, while theta in the frontal, occipital and beta in the central were significantly lower. HC had fewer EEG oscillations in the theta band compared to LDH. The constructed alpha/beta features demonstrated a significant negative correlation with VAS in the frontal (R = −0.361, P = 0.022) and parietal (R = −0.341, P = 0.031), as well as with mJOA in the frontal (R = −0.416, P = 0.007), central (R = −0.438, P = 0.004), and parietal (R = −0.390, P = 0.013) regions.

Conclusion

EEG power ratios showed significantly different results in LDH groups, and between patients and HC. The alpha/beta features of the frontal and parietal constructed in this study showed correlations with subjective pain scores and might serve as a biomarker of pain status in the short term in LDH.
Adults with reading difficulties demonstrate selective impairments in the fine neural tuning for print
Authors: Zhuang Tongjie , Li Yaowen , Tan Yufei , Wang Jiuju , Yue Xiuyue , Xue Licheng , Zhao Jing
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Neural tuning for print, reflected in differential responses of the N170 component of event-related potentials to orthographic forms and other visual stimuli, serves as the neural basis for efficient visual word reading. Impaired neural tuning for print is well established in dyslexic children. Although many adults also experience reading difficulties, relatively few studies have examined whether such impairments exist in adults, particularly those who read Chinese, which differs markedly in visual and linguistic characteristics from alphabetic scripts.

Methods

To fill this gap, we assessed 20 high-level and 16 low-level adult readers who were the two extremes of the best and poorest readers of a database, which consisted of 308 college students. Using ERP techniques, we investigated two levels of neural tuning for print: coarse tuning (i.e., real, pseudo, false characters vs. stroke combinations) and fine tuning (i.e., real vs. pseudo vs. false characters).

Results

Results indicated that high-level adult readers exhibited both coarse and fine tuning for print. In contrast, low-level adult readers displayed a stronger N170 response to real and pseudo characters than to stroke combinations, suggesting intact coarse tuning. However, they showed no reliable N170 differences between real, false, and pseudo characters, indicating impaired fine tuning.

Conclusion

These findings suggest a selective impairment in fine tuning for print among Chinese adults with reading difficulties and support the notion of persistent impairment in fine neural tuning for print among poor readers throughout development.
Abnormal power and spindle wave activity during sleep in young smokers
Authors: Dong Youwei , Cheng Yongxin , Wang Juan , Ren Zhiwei , Lu Yiming , Yuan Kai , Dong Fang , Yu Dahua
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Smoking is associated with significant alterations in sleep architecture. Previous studies have revealed changes in the subjective sleep of young smokers, but research on objective sleep assessment using polysomnography (PSG) is limited. This study aims to explore electroencephalography (EEG) power and sleep spindle activity during the sleep of young smokers, as well as to assess the relationship between sleep and smoking variables.

Methods

We collected overnight PSG data from 19 young smokers and 16 non-smokers and assessed nicotine dependence and cumulative effects using the Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence Test (FTND) and pack-year. Power spectral analysis and sleep spindle detection are used to analyze EEG activity during sleep.

Results

Compared to the non-smokers, young smokers showed increased alpha power in the frontal and central regions and decreased delta power in the central region. The frontal region showed enhanced sleep spindle duration and density. Notably, both relative alpha power and sleep spindle duration in frontal showed a positive correlation with Pack-year.

Discussion

Sleep EEG power and sleep spindle activity in frontal may serve as biomarkers to assess the sleep quality of young smokers. It may improve the understanding of the relationship of sleep and smoking.
The emerging role of glycine receptor α2 subunit defects in neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Fraser Sean D. , Harvey Robert J.
Published: February 2025

Rare neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are one of the most significant unmet challenges in healthcare due to their lifelong nature, high management costs, and recurrence within families. This review will focus on newly-emerging genetic forms of NDDs resulting from variants in the glycine receptor (GlyR) α2 subunit gene. Studies using Glra2 knockout mice have convincingly demonstrated that GlyR α2 is essential for cortical interneuron migration and progenitor homeostasis. Genetic inactivation of GlyR α2 impairs the capacity of apical progenitors to generate basal progenitors, resulting in an overall reduction of projection neurons in the cerebral cortex. As a result, microcephaly is observed in newborn Glra2 knockout mice, as well as defects in neuronal morphology, increased susceptibility to seizures, and defects in novel object recognition, motor memory consolidation, righting reflexes, novelty-induced locomotion in the open field test, and motivational reward tasks. Consistent with these findings, we and others have identified missense variants and microdeletions in the human GlyR α2 subunit gene (GLRA2) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental delay (DD) and/or intellectual disability (ID), often accompanied by microcephaly, language delay and epilepsy. In this review, we highlight the critical role of the GlyR α2 subunit revealed by knockout mice and our current understanding of GlyR α2 pathomechanisms in human NDDs. Finally, we will consider the current gaps in our knowledge, which include: (i) Limited functional validation for GlyR α2 missense variants associated with human NDDs; (ii) The lack of gain-of-function GlyR α2 mouse models; (iii) Our limited knowledge of GlyR α2 interacting proteins. We also highlight potential future developments in the field, including routes to personalized medicines for individuals with GlyR α2 mutations.
A novel truncated fusion gene ETV6::AC010198.2 in post-MPN acute myeloid leukemia caused by del(12)(p13p11)
Authors: Lu Jiao , Yang Guanqun , Zhang Qiurong , Wang Man , Wang Lijun , Chen Lu , Chen Haoyue , Jiang Xin , Liu Chunhua , Lin Tong , Han Qiaoyan , Liu Zefa , Zhen Shi , Zeng Zhao , Pan Jinlan , Cen Jiannong , Chen Suning , Wang Zheng , Zhang Xingxia , Sun Miao
Published: February 2025

The gene ETV6 has been confirmed to be a genetic susceptibility gene for thrombocytopenia and leukemia. Here, we report a long-chain noncoding RNA AC010198.2 as a novel fusion partner of ETV6, showing a karyotype of del(12)(p13p11), with poor prognosis in a post-MPN AML that has never been reported, which may be an vital initial event in the transformation of MPN to AML and deterioration of disease.
Pediatric endoscopic retrograde pancreatography expertise in chronic pancreatitis: a single-center analysis
Authors: Guo Hongxi , Luo Juan , Yang Hu , Yang Jun , Bian Hongqiang , Duan Xufei , Wang Xin
Published: February 2025

Background and aim

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) in children has exhibited an annual increase in incidence in recent years. Pediatric CP presents unique clinical features compared to adult cases. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) serves as a valuable and safe tool for diagnosing and treating CP in adults. However, data on endoscopic treatment of CP in children are still limited.

Methods

Demographics, etiology, surgical indications, diagnosis, treatment details, associated complications, and follow-up information were retrospectively studied in consecutive patients (<18 years old) who underwent ERP for CP between January 2020 and October 2024.

Results

A total of 17 children (7 male, 10 female) with a mean age of 10.0 ± 2.7 years were included in the study. A total of 34 endoscopic treatments were conducted. Recurrent abdominal pain was the primary clinical symptom. Imaging predominantly revealed pancreatic duct abnormalities such as tortuous dilatation and the presence of pancreatic duct stones. Notably, 41.2% (7 cases) involved genetic and congenital anatomical variations. Pancreatic duct stent placement was successfully performed in all 17 children (100.0% success rate). Stent replacements occurred on average 2.2 times (range 1–5) at intervals of 3–6 months. Postoperative pancreatitis developed in 2 cases (5.9%, 2/34), and hyperamylasemia occurred in 5 cases (14.7%, 5/34). The postprocedure visual analogue scale (VAS) score for abdominal pain significantly decreased from 6 to 1 (P < 0.001). The annual frequency of pancreatitis episodes showed a significant reduction, decreasing from 2.4 times pre-treatment to 0.6 times post-treatment (P < 0.05). Body mass index (BMI) also showed a significant improvement post-treatment compared to pre-treatment (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

ERP performed by trained endoscopists utilizing standard adult endoscopes and accessories proved a safe and effective treatment option for pediatric CP, with complication rates comparable to those reported in adult cases.
Typical and atypical metabolic characteristics of three iridaceae isoflavone components: in vitro and in silico studies
Authors: Gu Jifeng , Zhang Huishan , Wang Mei , Zhou Yuyang , Deng Zhipeng , Shi Rong
Published: February 2025

Background

Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC (Chinese name Shegan) has been widely used because of its pharmacological activity and remarkable therapeutic effects in sore throat. Tectorigenin, irigenin, and irisflorentin have been recognized as important quality indicators in Shegan. However, the metabolic characteristics of isoflavone aglycones remain unclear.

Methods

In this study, human liver microsomes (HLMs) and Cytochrome P450 (CYP) recombinant enzymes were used to study the metabolic stability, identify the metabolic pathways and enzyme kinetics of these three components, and elucidate their possible binding sites through molecular docking.

Results

When tectorigenin, irigenin, and irisflorentin were co-incubated with HLMs and CYP recombinant enzymes, hydroxylation metabolite for tectorigenin, demethylated metabolite for irigenin, and 6,7-dihydroxy-5,3′,4′,5′-tetramethoxy isoflavone originating from irisflorentin were identified. CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 have high metabolic rates for tectorigenin, whereas CYP2C19 and CYP1A2 are the most important metabolic enzymes for irigenin and irisflorentin, respectively. The kinetics showed that the metabolism of tectorigenin and irigenin conformed to the Michaelis-Menten model, while the Eadie-Hofstee plot of irisflorentin yielded a convex curve with a unique “hooked” characteristic, and it conformed to the sigmoidal kinetics characteristic. Furthermore, molecular simulations showed that tectorigenin and irigenin bind to the orthosteric site of CYP isoforms via hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking, whereas irisflorentin is principally bound to CYP1A2 via π-π stacking and hydrophobic interactions.

Conclusion

Collectively, these Iridaceae isoflavone aglycones can be metabolized by CYP enzymes with typical or atypical kinetic characteristics. These results lay a foundation for a better understanding of the in vivo processes of these components.
Pulse protein quality and derived bioactive peptides
Authors: Nosworthy Matthew G. , Yu Bianyun , Zaharia L. Irina , Medina Gerardo , Patterson Nii
Published: February 2025

There is a growing consumer interest in sources of dietary protein that are plant-based. Pulse crops, such as lentils, beans, chickpeas, and peas, are gaining popularity due to their environmental sustainability, nutrient density, and functional attributes. The protein content and quality of pulses vary across different pulse classes and processing methods. The biological properties of the protein and the physiologically active peptides make pulse crops attractive as potentially functional or health-promoting foods. This review highlights the nutritional quality of pulse proteins as determined by the Protein Efficiency Ratio and Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score as well as bioactive properties of specific bioactive peptides related to amelioration of hypertension and diabetes. Additionally, the use of proteomics platforms, such as mass spectrometry, in combination with bioinformatics tools, enables the identification and characterization of bioactive peptides in pulse crops. These technologies facilitate the development of pulse-derived products with enhanced nutritional values. Overall, the high nutritional quality of pulse-based proteins supports the benefits of pulse inclusion in the diet, which can also exert beneficial bioactivities resulting in improving outcomes in non-communicable diseases.
Protocol for public opinion survey, Ecuador 2025
Authors: Chiliquinga-Amaya Javier , Faytong-Haro Marco , Sánchez Romina , Andrade Michela , Vásquez Efraín , Alvarez-Muñoz Patricio
Published: February 2025

This observational survey protocol aims to investigate public opinion about security and democracy in Ecuador during the critical period in 2025 and 2026. This study will focus on university students, exploring the relationships between trust in the president, approval of his administration, and support for democracy versus the possibility of moving toward regimes with greater military power. The main objective is to understand how trust in different social groups and institutions, perceptions of security, and gender roles influences these political attitudes. Data will be collected monthly from April 2025 to April 2026 using an online questionnaire administered to a representative sample of higher-education students at Milagro State University (UNEMI). The longitudinal design ensured continuity of the same respondents’ data over time. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, nonparametric tests, and logistic regression models, were used to identify the trends and correlations. This study aims to provide anticipated insights into how security perceptions and gender roles could influence policy support, based on data collected in 2025 and 2026. This study emphasizes the importance of balancing security needs with democratic principles, contributing to a more informed and strategic approach to governance in Ecuador.
Extending the game immersion questionnaire to online users
Authors: Dombrovskis Valērijs , Ļevina Jeļena , Ruža Aleksejs
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The Game Immersion Questionnaire (GIQ) serves as a tool for evaluating immersion within the realm of online gaming. Immersion is a crucial psychological state experienced by users interacting with digital environments, influencing their engagement, engrossment, and total involvement. While the original GIQ was structured around seven first-order factors and three second-order factors, its applicability beyond gaming contexts remains unexplored. This study extends the GIQ to capture the immersion experiences of a more expansive cohort of online users beyond gamers.

Methods

The extended GIQ was administered to a cohort of active internet users from Latvia (n = 227), aged 13 to 65 (M = 26.6, SD = 8.4), with 53.7% identifying as female, 33% as male, and 13.2% as nonbinary. Factor analysis was conducted to examine the structure of the extended questionnaire and validate its applicability to a broader range of online users.

Results

Factor analysis revealed three first-order factors – Engagement, Engrossment, and Total Immersion – that together form a global second-order factor named the Level of Immersion in the Digital Environment. These findings align with the original hierarchical structure of the GIQ while extending its relevance to a wider population of online users.

Discussion

The extended GIQ provides insights into the immersion experiences of a diverse range of online users across various digital environments. By adapting the GIQ for broader use, this study contributes to the understanding of immersion beyond gaming and supports its application in different online contexts.
The effects of a 12-week moderate-intensity continuous training intervention on depression, anxiety, and stress in sedentary female college students: a focus on negative emotion regulation
Authors: Zeng Quanwen , Zhang Yong , Li Huimin , Yuan Jin , Feng Dan , Zhu Gendi
Published: February 2025

Objective

Moderate Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) is recognized as an effective intervention for improving negative affect. However, research on its effects across varying levels of negative mood states in sedentary female college students remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a 12-week MICT intervention on different levels of negative mood in sedentary female college students.

Methods

A total of 144 participants were randomly assigned to two groups, each consisting of 72 individuals. The participants were further categorized into three negative mood groups: depression, anxiety, and stress, with 24 participants in each group. Within each mood group, participants were divided into three subgroups based on the severity of their mood (mild, moderate, and severe), with 8 participants in each subgroup. The experiment spanned 12 weeks, with two 45-min training sessions per week. Intensity was monitored throughout the experiment using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), and heart rate was measured immediately following each session. The training intensity was maintained at 60–69% of HRmax throughout the 12 weeks.

Results

After 12 weeks of MICT, MICT had a positive effect on mild and severe depressive mood, moderate anxiety, and mild stressful mood in sedentary female college students (p < 0.05), but MICT did not have statistically significant effects on moderate depressive mood, mild and severe anxiety, and moderate and severe stressful mood in sedentary female college students (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

MICT may have a beneficial effect on sedentary female college students, particularly those with lower levels of emotional distress. However, due to the absence of a positive control group, it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions about its specific impact. Future studies should employ more rigorous control designs to better assess the role of MICT in improving both the physical and mental health of sedentary female college students.
Assessing food safety and hygiene practices in old age homes in Mangaung and Lejweleputswa regions, free state
Authors: Nhabe Tshegofatso , Malebo Ntsoaki J.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Poor food handling, improper cooking, and inadequate storage practices contribute to the spread of harmful pathogens, particularly in vulnerable environments such as old age homes. Ensuring compliance with food safety regulations is essential to protect elderly residents from foodborne illnesses.

Methods

This study assessed food safety practices in 14 old age homes (N = 14) in the Free State, South Africa. Data were collected using questionnaires (N = 80) to evaluate food handlers’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Additionally, a food safety checklist was used to assess compliance with hygiene and safety standards.

Results

The study identified gaps in food safety practices and regulatory compliance. Non-compliance was observed in 5 facilities (35%), with key issues including inadequate handwashing facilities, limited access to hot water, and insufficient personal protective equipment. While 9 facilities (65%) adhered to food safety regulations, stricter enforcement of measures is necessary to ensure consistent adherence. Although participants demonstrated a good understanding of personal hygiene, proper food handling, sanitation, and microbial contamination prevention, a gap remained between knowledge and practical application.

Discussion

The findings highlight the need for improved food safety measures in old age homes. Enhancing hygiene infrastructure, conducting frequent inspections, providing regular food safety training, and enforcing standard operating procedures (SOPs) are critical for mitigating risks. Strengthening these aspects will contribute to safeguarding the health and well-being of elderly residents.
Risk factors and prevention strategy for patient dissatisfaction after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Yang Lixin , Guo Zhao , Qiao Yuhao , Guo Jichao , Li Jiaqi , Wang Wei
Published: February 2025

Background

For patients who received transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) treatment for lumbar disc herniation, most of them can achieve good results, but there were still some patients who were not satisfied with the surgical results. The purpose of this study is to explore the factors that contribute to patient dissatisfaction after TLIF.

Methods

From March 2018–December 2021, patients with lumbar disc herniation who received TLIF treatment were included in this study. Clinical data from preoperative and postoperative 2-year follow-up were analyzed. Associations between clinical variables and function of postoperative were examined in univariate and multivariate analysis.

Result

Of all the 625 patients, including 296 (47.4%) male patients and 329 (52.6%) female patients. According to patient satisfaction index (PSI), patients were divided into two groups, 529 patients in satisfied group showing 1 or 2 stage in PSI and 96 patients in dissatisfied group showing 3 or 4 stage in PSI. Univariate analysis showed that body mass index (BMI), preoperative pain time, postoperative visual analog scale (VAS)-back, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative rehabilitation training, feel depression and symptom recurrence were related with patient's level of satisfaction 2 years after discectomy. When incorporated into a multivariate logistic regression analysis, it was found that BMI, preoperative pain duration, postoperative rehabilitation training, feel depression and symptom recurrence were individually correlated with patient dissatisfaction 2 years after discectomy.

Conclusion

This study indicates that the factors that leading to postoperative dissatisfaction of patients include obesity, preoperative pain duration lasting no less than 6 months, feel depression and symptom recurrence. While postoperative rehabilitation training for three months is a protective factor.