bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome characterization of gonadal sex differentiation in Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis (Temminck et Schlegel)
Authors: Hayashida Takao , Soma Satoshi , Nakamura Yoji , Higuchi Kentaro , Kazeto Yukinori , Gen Koichiro
Published: August 2023

Tunas (genus Thunnus) are one of the most ecologically and commercially important fish worldwide. To establish a biological basis for reproduction in this globally essential species, we have recently studied crucial reproductive aspects of the Pacific bluefin tuna (T. orientalis; PBT), as a model of tuna species, based on our closed-cycle aquaculture technology. In this study, we clarified the global expression profile of the genes regulating gonadal sex differentiation in PBT, as this developmental process is vital to sexual reproduction. Based on the results of our comparative (RNA-sequencing) and temporal (qRT-PCR) transcriptome analyses using the updated genome dataset, we propose the molecular mechanisms of gonadal sex differentiation in PBT. In female gonads, foxl2 and cyp19a1a (coding aromatase) are expressed at the onset of sex differentiation. Active aromatase-mediated estrogen biosynthesis, which includes positive regulation of cyp19a1a expression by Foxl2, induces ovarian differentiation. By contrast, dmrt1 and gsdf are upregulated in differentiating male gonads lacking active estrogen synthesis. Dmrt1 and Gsdf would mainly promote testicular differentiation. Furthermore, androgen biosynthesis is upregulated in differentiating male gonad. Endogenous androgens may also be vital to testicular differentiation. This study provides the first comprehensive data clarifying the molecular basis for gonadal sex differentiation in tunas.
C3H/HeNSlc mouse with low phospholipid transfer protein expression showed dyslipidemia
Authors: Kobayashi Misato , Kanbe Fumi , Ishii Reika , Tsubouchi Hiroki , Hirai Kana , Miyasaka Yuki , Ohno Tamio , Oda Hiroaki , Ikeda Saiko , Katoh Hirokazu , Ichiyanagi Kenji , Ishikawa Akira , Murai Atsushi , Horio Fumihiko
Published: August 2023

High serum levels of triglycerides (TG) and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increase the risk of coronary heart disease in humans. Herein, we first reported that the C3H/HeNSlc (C3H-S) mouse, a C3H/HeN-derived substrain, is a novel model for dyslipidemia. C3H-S showed hypertriglyceridemia and low total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, and phospholipid (PL) concentrations. To identify the gene locus causing dyslipidemia in C3H-S, we performed genetic analysis. In F2 intercrosses between C3H-S mice and strains with normal serum lipids, the locus associated with serum lipids was identified as 163–168 Mb on chromosome 2. The phospholipid transfer protein (Pltp) gene was a candidate gene within this locus. Pltp expression and serum PLTP activity were markedly lower in C3H-S mice. Pltp expression was negatively correlated with serum TG and positively correlated with serum TC and HDL-C in F2 mice. Genome sequencing analysis revealed that an endogenous retrovirus (ERV) sequence called intracisternal A particle was inserted into intron 12 of Pltp in C3H-S. These results suggest that ERV insertion within Pltp causes aberrant splicing, leading to reduced Pltp expression in C3H-S. This study demonstrated the contribution of C3H-S to our understanding of the relationship between TG, TC, and PL metabolism via PLTP.
Acoustic predation in a sailfish-flying fish cloak
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Promode R.
Published: August 2023

When a sailfish circles to corral a school of flying fish in a vortex near the ocean surface, a tiny patch of arced surface waves confined to oppositely placed 70° sectors appears dispersing coherently, but why? It is modeled that, when the fish motions stop suddenly, the corralled school compacts, the tail shed propulsion vortices touch, break and radiate the pressure released from the centrifugal vortex rotation creating an acoustic monopole. The surface-wave patch is a section of the sphere of radiation. The oppositely placed curved bodies of the sailfish and the flying fish act as concave acoustic mirrors about the monopole creating a reverberating bell-shaped cloak in between which vibrates the ear bones and bladders of the flying fish disorienting them. A cup of water firmly struck on a table induces a similar vibration of a purely radial mode. The sailfish circles around the school at a depth where the wind induced underwater toroidal motion in the vertical plane becomes negligible such that the flying fish is unable to sense the tailwind direction above, limiting the ability to swim up and emerge in the right direction to glide. Experiments confirm that the flying fish tail rigidity is too low for a quick ballistic exit, which is not called for either.
Reference LINE-1 insertion polymorphisms correlate with Parkinson’s disease progression and differential transcript expression in the PPMI cohort
Authors: Fröhlich Alexander , Pfaff Abigail L. , Bubb Vivien J. , Quinn John P. , Koks Sulev
Published: August 2023

Long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1/L1) retrotransposons make up 17% of the human genome. They represent one class of transposable elements with the capacity to both mobilize autonomously and in trans via the mobilization of other elements, primarily Alu and SVA elements. Reference LINE-1 elements are, by definition, found in the reference genome, however, due to the polymorphic nature of these elements, variation for presence or absence is present within the population. We used a combination of clinical and transcriptomic data from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) and applied matrix expression quantitative trait loci analysis and linear mixed-effects models involving 114 clinical, biochemical and imaging data from the PPMI cohort to elucidate the role of reference LINE-1 insertion polymorphism on both gene expression genome-wide and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). We demonstrate that most LINE-1 insertion polymorphisms are capable of regulating gene expression, preferentially in trans, including previously identified PD risk loci. In addition, we show that 70 LINE-1 elements were associated with longitudinal changes of at least one PD progression marker, including ipsilateral count density ratio and UPDRS scores which are indicators of degeneration and severity. In conclusion, this study highlights the effect of the polymorphic nature of LINE-1 retrotransposons on gene regulation and progression of PD which underlines the importance of analyzing transposable elements within complex diseases.
Posterior theta activity reveals an early signal of self-face recognition
Authors: Kotlewska Ilona , Panek Bartłomiej , Nowicka Anna , Asanowicz Dariusz
Published: August 2023

Self-related visual information, especially one’s own face and name, are processed in a specific, prioritized way. However, the spatio-temporal brain dynamics of self-prioritization have remained elusive. Moreover, it has been unclear whether this prioritization is an effect of enhancement and amplification, or rather a facilitating automatization of processing self-referential information. In this EEG study, 25 married women (who changed their surnames after marriage, so that their past and present surnames could be used as stimuli) performed a detection task with faces and names from five categories: self, self from the past, friend, famous, and unknown person. The aim was to determine the temporal and spatial characteristics of early electrophysiological markers of self-referential processing. We report results of event-related component (ERP) and time–frequency analyses. In the ERPs, the earliest self-relevance effect was displayed only 300 ms after stimulus onset in the midfrontal N2, and later in the parietal P3b, independently of the stimulus type. No self-relevance effect was found on the N170 component. However, local theta power at the occipito-temporal (visual) areas and inter-regional theta phase coherence between the visual and midfrontal areas showed that self-relevance differentiation of faces began already about 100–300 ms after stimulus onset. No such early effects were found for names. The results are discussed in terms of the time-course, functional localization, stimulus-specificity, and automatization of self-prioritization.
Deep learning based on dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging for prediction of local progression in adult-type diffuse glioma (grade 4)
Authors: Heo Donggeon , Lee Jisoo , Yoo Roh-Eul , Choi Seung Hong , Kim Tae Min , Park Chul-Kee , Park Sung-Hye , Won Jae-Kyung , Lee Joo Ho , Lee Soon Tae , Choi Kyu Sung , Lee Ji Ye , Hwang Inpyeong , Kang Koung Mi , Yun Tae Jin
Published: August 2023

Adult-type diffuse glioma (grade 4) has infiltrating nature, and therefore local progression is likely to occur within surrounding non-enhancing T2 hyperintense areas even after gross total resection of contrast-enhancing lesions. Cerebral blood volume (CBV) obtained from dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion-weighted imaging (DSC-PWI) is a parameter that is well-known to be a surrogate marker of both histologic and angiographic vascularity in tumors. We built two nnU-Net deep learning models for prediction of early local progression in adult-type diffuse glioma (grade 4), one using conventional MRI alone and one using multiparametric MRI, including conventional MRI and DSC-PWI. Local progression areas were annotated in a non-enhancing T2 hyperintense lesion on preoperative T2 FLAIR images, using the follow-up contrast-enhanced (CE) T1-weighted (T1W) images as the reference standard. The sensitivity was doubled with the addition of nCBV (80% vs. 40%, P = 0.02) while the specificity was decreased nonsignificantly (29% vs. 48%, P = 0.39), suggesting that fewer cases of early local progression would be missed with the addition of nCBV. While the diagnostic performance of CBV model is still poor and needs improving, the multiparametric deep learning model, which presumably learned from the subtle difference in vascularity between early local progression and non-progression voxels within perilesional T2 hyperintensity, may facilitate risk-adapted radiotherapy planning in adult-type diffuse glioma (grade 4) patients.
Animal models to study the neurological manifestations of the post-COVID-19 condition
Authors: Usai Carla , Mateu Lourdes , Brander Christian , Vergara-Alert Júlia , Segalés Joaquim
Published: August 2023

More than 40% of individuals infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have experienced persistent or relapsing multi-systemic symptoms months after the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) has debilitating effects on the daily life of patients and encompasses a broad spectrum of neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms including olfactory and gustative impairment, difficulty with concentration and short-term memory, sleep disorders and depression. Animal models have been instrumental to understand acute COVID-19 and validate prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. Similarly, studies post-viral clearance in hamsters, mice and nonhuman primates inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 have been useful to unveil some of the aspects of PCC. Transcriptomic alterations in the central nervous system, persistent activation of immune cells and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis seem to have a critical role in the neurological manifestations observed in animal models infected with SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, the proinflammatory transcriptomic profile observed in the central nervous system of SARS-CoV-2-inoculated mice partially overlaps with the pathological changes that affect microglia in humans during Alzheimer’s disease and aging, suggesting shared mechanisms between these conditions. None of the currently available animal models fully replicates PCC in humans; therefore, multiple models, together with the fine-tuning of experimental conditions, will probably be needed to understand the mechanisms of PCC neurological symptoms. Moreover, given that the intrinsic characteristics of the new variants of concern and the immunological status of individuals might influence PCC manifestations, more studies are needed to explore the role of these factors and their combinations in PCC, adding further complexity to the design of experimental models.
Evaluating large language models on medical evidence summarization
Authors: Tang Liyan , Sun Zhaoyi , Idnay Betina , Nestor Jordan G. , Soroush Ali , Elias Pierre A. , Xu Ziyang , Ding Ying , Durrett Greg , Rousseau Justin F. , Weng Chunhua , Peng Yifan
Published: August 2023

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable successes in zero- and few-shot performance on various downstream tasks, paving the way for applications in high-stakes domains. In this study, we systematically examine the capabilities and limitations of LLMs, specifically GPT-3.5 and ChatGPT, in performing zero-shot medical evidence summarization across six clinical domains. We conduct both automatic and human evaluations, covering several dimensions of summary quality. Our study demonstrates that automatic metrics often do not strongly correlate with the quality of summaries. Furthermore, informed by our human evaluations, we define a terminology of error types for medical evidence summarization. Our findings reveal that LLMs could be susceptible to generating factually inconsistent summaries and making overly convincing or uncertain statements, leading to potential harm due to misinformation. Moreover, we find that models struggle to identify the salient information and are more error-prone when summarizing over longer textual contexts.
The ABL-MYC axis controls WIPI1-enhanced autophagy in lifespan extension
Authors: Sporbeck Katharina , Haas Maximilian L. , Pastor-Maldonado Carmen J. , Schüssele David S. , Hunter Catherine , Takacs Zsuzsanna , Diogo de Oliveira Ana L. , Franz-Wachtel Mirita , Charsou Chara , Pfisterer Simon G. , Gubas Andrea , Haller Patricia K. , Knorr Roland L. , Kaulich Manuel , Macek Boris , Eskelinen Eeva-Liisa , Simonsen Anne , Proikas-Cezanne Tassula
Published: August 2023

Human WIPI β-propellers function as PI3P effectors in autophagy, with WIPI4 and WIPI3 being able to link autophagy control by AMPK and TORC1 to the formation of autophagosomes. WIPI1, instead, assists WIPI2 in efficiently recruiting the ATG16L1 complex at the nascent autophagosome, which in turn promotes lipidation of LC3/GABARAP and autophagosome maturation. However, the specific role of WIPI1 and its regulation are unknown. Here, we discovered the ABL-ERK-MYC signalling axis controlling WIPI1. As a result of this signalling, MYC binds to the WIPI1 promoter and represses WIPI1 gene expression. When ABL-ERK-MYC signalling is counteracted, increased WIPI1 gene expression enhances the formation of autophagic membranes capable of migrating through tunnelling nanotubes to neighbouring cells with low autophagic activity. ABL-regulated WIPI1 function is relevant to lifespan control, as ABL deficiency in C. elegans increased gene expression of the WIPI1 orthologue ATG-18 and prolonged lifespan in a manner dependent on ATG-18. We propose that WIPI1 acts as an enhancer of autophagy that is physiologically relevant for regulating the level of autophagic activity over the lifespan.
Intracellular Mg2+ protects mitochondria from oxidative stress in human keratinocytes
Authors: Fujita Keigo , Shindo Yutaka , Katsuta Yuji , Goto Makiko , Hotta Kohji , Oka Kotaro
Published: August 2023

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are harmful for the human body, and exposure to ultraviolet irradiation triggers ROS generation. Previous studies have demonstrated that ROS decrease mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and that Mg2+ protects mitochondria from oxidative stress. Therefore, we visualized the spatio-temporal dynamics of Mg2+ in keratinocytes (a skin component) in response to H2O2 (a type of ROS) and found that it increased cytosolic Mg2+ levels. H2O2-induced responses in both Mg2+ and ATP were larger in keratinocytes derived from adults than in keratinocytes derived from newborns, and inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthesis enhanced the H2O2-induced Mg2+ response, indicating that a major source of Mg2+ was dissociation from ATP. Simultaneous imaging of Mg2+ and MMP revealed that larger Mg2+ responses corresponded to lower decreases in MMP in response to H2O2. Moreover, Mg2+ supplementation attenuated H2O2-induced cell death. These suggest the potential of Mg2+ as an active ingredient to protect skin from oxidative stress.
Fanconi anemia associated protein 20 (FAAP20) plays an essential role in homology-directed repair of DNA double-strand breaks
Authors: Palovcak Anna , Yuan Fenghua , Verdun Ramiro , Luo Liang , Zhang Yanbin
Published: August 2023

FAAP20 is a Fanconi anemia (FA) protein that associates with the FA core complex to promote FANCD2/FANCI monoubiquitination and activate the damage response to interstrand crosslink damage. Here, we report that FAAP20 has a marked role in homologous recombination at a DNA double-strand break not associated with an ICL and separable from its binding partner FANCA. While FAAP20’s role in homologous recombination is not dependent on FANCA, we found that FAAP20 stimulates FANCA’s biochemical activity in vitro and participates in the single-strand annealing pathway of double-strand break repair in a FANCA-dependent manner. This indicates that FAAP20 has roles in several homology-directed repair pathways. Like other homology-directed repair factors, FAAP20 loss causes a reduction in nuclear RAD51 Irradiation-induced foci; and sensitizes cancer cells to ionizing radiation and PARP inhibition. In summary, FAAP20 participates in DNA double strand break repair by supporting homologous recombination in a non-redundant manner to FANCA, and single-strand annealing repair via FANCA-mediated strand annealing activity.
Direct electrophilic and radical isoperfluoropropylation with i-C3F7-Iodine(III) reagent (PFPI reagent)
Authors: Wu Yaxing , Jiang Yunchen , Wang Fei , Wang Bin , Chen Chao
Published: August 2023

The isoperfluoropropyl group (i-C3F7) is an emerging motif in pharmaceuticals, agrichemicals and functional materials. However, isoperfluoropropylated compounds remain largely underexplored, presumably due to the lack of efficient access to these compounds. Herein, we disclose the practical and efficient isoperfluoropropylation of aromatic C-H bonds through the invention of a hypervalent-iodine-based reagent-PFPI reagent, that proceeds via a Ag-X coupling process. The activation of the PFPI reagent without any catalysts or additives was demonstrated in the synthesis of isoperfluoropropylated electron-rich heterocycles, while its activity under photoredox catalysis was shown in the synthesis of isoperfluoropropylated non-activated arenes. Detailed mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations revealed a SET-induced concerted mechanistic pathway in the photoredox reactions. In addition, the unique conformation of i-C3F7 in products, that involved intramolecular hydrogen bond was investigated by X-ray single-crystal diffraction and variable-temperature NMR experiments.
Importance of isothermal titration calorimetry for the detection of the direct binding of metal ions to mismatched base pairs in duplex DNA
Authors: Torigoe Hidetaka , Arakawa Fumihiro
Published: August 2023

UV melting showed melting temperature (Tm) increase of duplex DNA with C–A, C–C and C–T mismatches on Ag+ addition. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed Ag+ binding to only C–C mismatch. UV melting cannot detect direct metal ion-mismatch binding.
Energy value measurement of milk powder using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) combined with long short-term memory (LSTM)
Authors: Ding Yu , Zhao Meiling , Shu Yan , Hu Ao , Chen Jing , Chen Wenjie , Wang Yufeng , Yang Linyu
Published: August 2023

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) combined with long short-term memory (LSTM) can accurately measure the energy value of milk powder.
Multifunctional protein-based self-assembled nanoplatform: overcoming hypoxic tumor microenvironment for enhanced imaging-guided photodynamic therapy
Authors: Li Min , Cheng Ziyi , Liu Heng , Dou Kun , Xiao Huan , Zhao Linlu , Yu Fabiao
Published: August 2023

A protein-based self-assembled nanoplatform (CAT-I-BODIPY NPs) has been developed with in situ oxygen-supplementation for enhanced PDT.
Thiazole functionalized covalent triazine frameworks for C2H6/C2H4 separation with remarkable ethane uptake
Authors: Wang Junhua , Lian Xin , Zhang Zhiyuan , Liu Xiongli , Zhao Qiao , Xu Jian , Cao Xichuan , Li Baiyan , Bu Xian-He
Published: August 2023

A highly stable thiazole functionalized covalent triazine frameworks, namely CTF-BT-500, was developed for C2H6/C2H4 separation, which exhibits a record-high ethane uptake (99.7 cm3 g−1) among all reported COFs at 298 K and 1 bar.
Photo-induced 1,2-thiohydroxylation of maleimide involving disulfide and singlet oxygen
Authors: Khandelia Tamanna , Ghosh Subhendu , Panigrahi Pritishree , Mandal Raju , Boruah Deepjyoti , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: August 2023

A visible light-driven di-functionalization of maleimide with disulfide and in situ-generated singlet oxygen offers selective 1,2-thiohydroxylation under additive-free conditions.
Benchtop nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling of aldehydes with alkynes and ynamides
Authors: Khamrai Aankhi , Ganesh Venkataraman
Published: August 2023

We demonstrate the potential of Ni(COD)(DQ), a bench-stable Ni0 complex, as a catalyst for the reductive coupling of aldehydes with alkynes and ynamides, providing silylated allyl alcohols with excellent yields and regioselectivities.
Steering the liquid–solid redox conversion of lithium–selenium batteries through ultrafine MoC catalyst
Authors: Ma Xin , Yuan Cheng , Liu Genlin , Wang Lei , Yan Tianran , Zeng Pan , Zhang Liang
Published: August 2023

An ultrafine MoC catalyst was synthesized and utilized to accelerate the conversion from liquid LiPSes to solid Li2Se2/Li2Se, leading to suppressed shuttle effect and thus improved electrochemical performance of Li–Se batteries.
NiMo2S4 microspheres as cathode materials for flexible capacitors
Authors: Huai Xinyu , Liu Jingxuan , Wu Xiang
Published: August 2023

In this work, we synthesize a NiMo2S4 sphere-like structure with a large specific surface area. The assembled hybrid device delivers a capacitance of 150 C g−1 at 1 A g−1 and maintains 82.9% of the initial capacitance after 10 000 cycles.
Mechanistic study on the formation of the alkyl acrylates from CO2, ethylene and alkyl iodides over nickel-based catalyst
Authors: Zhu Youcai , Mu Yue , Sun Li , Zeng Zuoxiang , Liu Zhen
Published: August 2023

The role of methylene linkage on the formation of alkyl acrylate from coupling of CO2/C2H4 is investigated. This work also identifies the non-productive pathways leading to byproducts such as propionic acid, propionates and ion pair complexes, etc.
Soft phonon modes lead to suppressed thermal conductivity in Ag-based chalcopyrites under high pressure
Authors: Yuan Kunpeng , Zhang Xiaoliang , Gao Yufei , Tang Dawei
Published: August 2023

Pressure-dependent lattice thermal conductivities of Ag-based chalcopyrites AgXY2 (X = Al, Ga, In; Y = S, Se, and Te) have been investigated using the first-principles calculations and phonon Boltzmann transport equation.
The construction of a vanadium-doped polysulfide iron bimetallic active center for enhanced photocatalytic nitrogen fixation
Authors: Cai Wei , Li Kang , Wen Jianuan , Zhang Zhicheng , Zhong Qin , Qu Hongxia
Published: August 2023

Inspired by natural nitrogen fixation, we constructed a metal–S mimetic biocatalyst using vanadium-doped iron polysulfide as the active center combined with g-C3N5, which is rich in nitrogen vacancies.
Active learning for efficient navigation of multi-component gas adsorption landscapes in a MOF
Authors: Mukherjee Krishnendu , Osaro Etinosa , Colón Yamil J.
Published: August 2023

We present the development of an active learning framework to model multicomponent gas adsorption in metal–organic frameworks.
Ultrahigh activity and broad temperature resistance of amine–imine cobalt precatalysts for butadiene polymerization
Authors: Fu Yuan , Tang Jian , Hua Jing
Published: August 2023

Ultrahigh activity amine–imine cobalt precatalysts for polybutadiene.
Experimental and DFT investigations on adsorption–regeneration performance and deactivation mechanism over engineered carbon fiber: role of pore structure and functional groups
Authors: Zhang Weiping , Wang Xiaoqin , Pan Haiyong , Zeng Xingye , Li Guiying , Liu Hongli , Kong Jiejing , Zhao Huijun , An Taicheng
Published: August 2023

Technology based on adsorption of porous carbon is a promising and cost-effective strategy for the recovery of high-value volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or removal of worthless VOCs.
Hippophae rhamnoides L. leaf extracts alleviate diabetic nephropathy via attenuation of advanced glycation end product-induced oxidative stress in db/db mice
Authors: Gu Min Ji , Lee Hee-Weon , Yoo Guijae , Kim Donghwan , Kim Yoonsook , Choi In-Wook , Cha Youn-Soo , Ha Sang Keun
Published: August 2023

In diabetes, excessive formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products induce oxidative stress, leading to chronic renal failure. The leaves of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (SBL) attenuated oxidative stress by modulating the AGEs-RAGE axis.
Natural dye-mediated signal tracer strategy: a green route for ultra-efficient immunochromatographic detection of antibiotics
Authors: Wang Shaochi , Du Ting , Huangmin Junqi , Liu Sijie , Zhu Ying , Zhang Daohong , Sun Jing , Wang Yanru , Zeng Lintao , Wang Jianlong
Published: August 2023

A nature-derived green and synthetic-free signal tracer strategy is developed based on alizarin for the immunochromatographic assay of antibiotics. The method shows good applicability for detection in milk, honey and water samples at a low cost.
Development of anti-HBV agents targeting HBV capsid proteins
Authors: Kobayakawa Takuya , Amano Masayuki , Nakayama Miyuki , Tsuji Kohei , Ishii Takahiro , Miura Yutaro , Shinohara Kouki , Yamamoto Kenichi , Matsuoka Masao , Tamamura Hirokazu
Published: August 2023

>Design and synthesis of anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) agents: A small anti-HBV compound, Cpd4 (1), was identified by in silico screening. Its structure–activity relationship studies discovered a more potent derivative, TKB-HBV-CA-001 (3b).
Anion-modulated CoP electrode as bifunctional electrocatalyst for anion-exchange membrane hydrazine-assisted water electrolyser
Authors: Li Kaixun , Tong Yun , He JinFeng , Liu Xiang-Yang , Chen Pengzuo
Published: August 2023

An universal electrosynthesis strategy is developed to prepare a F-anion modified CoP/CF electrode, which shows excellent bifunctional performance in an integrated device of an anion-exchange membrane hydrazine-assisted water electrolyser.
Gold nanohexagrams via active surface growth under sole CTAB control
Authors: Su An , Wang Qian , Huang Liping , Zheng Yonglong , Wang Yawen , Chen Hongyu
Published: August 2023

CTAB alone is able to induce Active Surface Growth on gold nanoplates, forming curved tips and steep ridges.
Mechanochemical preparation of strongly emissive monosubstituted triarylphosphane gold(i) compounds activated by hydrogen bonding driven aggregations
Authors: Luciani Lorenzo , Sargentoni Nicola , Graiff Claudia , Monge Miguel , Rodríguez-Castillo María , López-de-Luzuriaga José M. , Galassi Rossana
Published: August 2023

LAG mechanochemical methods are applied for the preparation of luminescent di- and tri-coordinated gold(i) derivatives. Among them, a distorted T shaped bis-phosphane gold(i) chloride compound strongly emits upon self-aggregation by hydrogen bonding.
Transcription between human-readable synthetic descriptions and machine-executable instructions: an application of the latest pre-training technology
Authors: Zeng Zheni , Nie Yi-Chen , Ding Ning , Ding Qian-Jun , Ye Wei-Ting , Yang Cheng , Sun Maosong , E Weinan , Zhu Rong , Liu Zhiyuan
Published: August 2023

AI has been widely applied in scientific scenarios, such as robots performing chemical synthetic actions to free researchers from monotonous experimental procedures.
Exploring the supramolecular chemistry of cyclopropeniums: halogen-bonding-induced electrostatic assembly of polymers
Authors: Huang Shiwen , Zheng Jianlin , Jiang Zihao , Liu Jiaxiong , Liu Yiliu
Published: August 2023

Exploring new noncovalent synthons for supramolecular assembly is essential for material innovation. We herein report a unique type of cyclopropenium-based supramolecular motif and demonstrate its applications to polymer self-assembly.
Site selective gold(i)-catalysed benzylic C–H amination via an intermolecular hydride transfer to triazolinediones
Authors: Bevernaege Kevin , Tzouras Nikolaos V. , Poater Albert , Cavallo Luigi , Nolan Steven P. , Nahra Fady , Winne Johan M.
Published: August 2023

A swift C–H amination protocol is reported for alkylbenzenes, which shows a remarkable discrimination of C–H bonds, following small differences in substitution pattern. This is rationalized by an unusual rate-determining hydride transfer.
High-efficiency and stable Sb2(S,Se)3 thin film solar cells with phthalocyanine as a hole transport layer
Authors: Guo Huafei , Huang Shan , Ni Xiaomeng , Zhu Hongcheng , Su Jian , Ma Changhao , Jiang Sai , Zhang Han , Gu Ding , Zhang Shuai , Qiu Jianhua , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning
Published: August 2023

8.42% efficiency of the Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cell based on the pure pc hole transport layer has been obtained with better stability than the device based on Spiro-OMeTAD.
Tracing obscured galaxy build-up at high redshift using deep radio surveys
Authors: Amarantidis Stergios , Afonso Jose , Matute Israel , Farrah Duncan , Hopkins Andrew , Messias Hugo , Pappalardo Ciro , Seymour Nick
Published: August 2023

Context. A fundamental question of extra-galactic astronomy that is yet to be fully understood, concerns the evolution of the star formation rate (SFR) and supermassive black hole (SMBH) activity with cosmic time, as well as their interplay and how it impacts galaxy evolution. A primary focus that could shed more light on these questions is the study of merging systems, comprising highly star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and active galactic nuclei (AGN) at the earliest stages of galactic formation. However, considering the challenges associated with identifying these objects, it is essential to explore complementary selection methods across multiple wavelengths.

Aims. The primary objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of a sample of high-redshift (z > 3) far-infrared (far-IR) and radio-emitting galaxies in the highest possible spatial resolution. The aim is to study the properties of this population, such as their morphological characteristics, and to explore the interplay of SFR and SMBH activity at this epoch.

Methods. In order to select the galactic population of our interest, we employed two selection criteria that have frequently been used as separate methods in the literature. In more detail, we selected galaxies that present relatively compact radio morphologies at 1.4 GHz (i.e., an angular size smaller than 10 arcsec) as well as a far-IR spectrum that peaks in flux at λ ≥ 350 μm (i.e., flux350 μm > flux250 μm). For these selection criteria, we used the COSMOS and ECDF-S fields, two of the most extensively observed astronomical fields currently available, which provide high spectral and spatial resolution at a multi-wavelength scale. By accepting only galaxies that satisfied these selection criteria, we derived a sample of eight galaxies that were identified either photometrically or spectroscopically at z > 3 from literature studies and by our team.

Results. A thorough investigation of available optical, near-IR, and millimetre (mm) imaging reveals a possible merging scenario in five out of eight cases in our sample. Additionally, available multi-wavelength photometry strongly suggests active star formation at the 103 M⊙ yr−1 level in massive systems (stellar masses of M⋆ ∼ 1011 M⊙) co-hosting an active SMBH.

Conclusions. Comparison of these results with previous studies, suggests that our selection method preferentially identifies galaxies hosting an active SMBH, as well as a strong SFG component, resulting in high SFR and IR luminosity. An additional examination of the efficacy of the radio and far-IR selection criteria provides further support for their combined application in selecting co-evolving AGN and star formation activity at high redshift. In this regard, future use of these selection criteria on radio and far-IR/mm observations of statistically larger galaxy samples is of high interest.
YARARA V2: Reaching sub-m s−1 precision over a decade using PCA on line-by-line radial velocities
Authors: Cretignier M. , Dumusque X. , Aigrain S. , Pepe F.
Published: August 2023

Context. The detection of Earth-like planets with the radial velocity (RV) method is extremely challenging today due to the presence of non-Doppler signatures such as stellar activity and instrumental signals that mimic and hide the signals of exoplanets. In a previous paper, we presented the YARARA pipeline, which implements corrections for telluric absorption, stellar activity, and instrumental systematics at the spectral level, and then it extracts line-by-line (LBL) RVs with a significantly better precision than standard pipelines.

Aims. In this paper, we demonstrate that further gains in RV precision can be achieved by performing principal component analysis (PCA) decomposition on the LBL RVs.

Methods. The mean-insensitive nature of PCA means that it is unaffected by true Doppler shifts, and thus can be used to isolate and correct nuisance signals other than planets.

Results. We analysed the data of 20 intensively observed HARPS targets by applying our PCA approach on the LBL RVs obtained by YARARA. The first principal components show similarities across most of the stars and correspond to newly identified instrumental systematics for which we can now correct. For several targets, this results in an unprecedented RV root-mean-square of around 90 cm s−1 over the full lifetime of HARPS. We used the corrected RVs to confirm a previously published 120-day signal around 61 Vir, and to detect a super-Earth candidate (K ~ 60 ± 6 cm s−1, m sin i = 6.6 ± 0.7 M⊕) around the G6V star HD 20794, which spends part of its 600-day orbit within the habitable zone of the host star.

Conclusions. This study highlights the potential of LBL PCA to identify and correct hitherto unknown, long-term instrumental effects and thereby extend the sensitivity of existing and future instruments towards the Earth analogue regime.
Sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) gut biomass as a co-product with antioxidant and antibacterial potential to supplement aquafeeds
Authors: Pagels Fernando , Garrido Inês , Teixeira Carla , Tavares Tânia G. , Costas Benjamin , Malcata F. Xavier , Valente Luisa M.P. , Catarina Guedes A.
Published: August 2023

Sea urchin processing practices by the canning industry result in a large volume of waste due to a high fraction of inedible parts, in special the gut, that can still be a valuable source of bioactive compounds. Therefore, this work aimed to thoroughly characterise gut biomass from Paracentrotus lividus evaluating its bioactive potential. The gut biomass was evaluated in terms of bioactive capacity, and biochemical composition in both males and females. Although no statistical differences were found between sexes in any of these parameters, this study provided a proof of concept on the potential of sea urchin's gut, obtained as a co-product in the sea urchin industry, for feed supplementation. The gut biomass exhibited a high antioxidant capacity (IC50 ≈ 0.5–1.0 mgDW mL−1 in four different assays) and bactericidal activity (IC50 < 1.0 mgDW mL−1 against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Edwardsiella tarda, and Tenacibaculum maritimum). The gut co-product can also be used as a source of phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and PUFAs, with contents of 4.6 ± 0.4, 2.4 ± 0.8, and 93.0 ± 3.1 mg gDW−1, respectively. Overall, the sea urchin's gut seems a valuable product with a remarkable potential for use in aquafeeds as a source of bioactive compounds.
Left Ventricular Assist with the Bio-Medicus Pump on a 4-Month Old Infant with Anamalous Left Coronary Artery
Authors: Roberts Craig P. , McCarthy Pat , Wildman Denise , Woolhouse Kris , Gerbo Bernice , Ward Kim , Wedekind Cris , Chang Ekie , Starns Vaughn
Published: August 2023

This 5.4 kg. (.38 BSA) 4 month old boy was born full term with no significant immediate problems, although the mother had noticed occasional rapid breathing since birth. The child's growth, development and appetite were normal. Eventually, because of the apparent difficulty breathing, the mother took the child to a physician who referred the infant to a cardiologist. A chest x-ray revealed gross cardiomegaly and an echocardiogram reveald an akinetic left ventricular posterior wall with evidence of previous myocardial infarction. The septum displayed normal motion as did the lateral wall. The left ventricular ejection fraction was approximately 20% and evidence of anomalous take-off of the left coronary artery (LCA) off the main pulmonary artery (PA} was noted. The child was referred to Stanford University Hospital for surgical repair to redirect the LCA to the aorta (AO) (J Extra-Corporeal Technol. 21(2): 73-74, 1989)
Comparison of Two Colloid Constituents in Prime Solutions and the Effect on Blood Loss Following Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Kerins Paul J. , Vertrees Roger A. , Finn Karen A. , Cilley Jonathan H. , DelRossi Anthony J.
Published: August 2023

A retrospective study was conducted on a population of 24 patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This population is divisible into two groups that differ in prime constituents. Group A used 500cc of 6% Hydroxyethyl starch (Hespan) as the colloid, and Group B used 150cc of 25% albumin. No statistically significant differences were found in the preoperative demographics. All of these cases were done using the same perfusion technique and equipment. Intraoperative values displayed levels of significant difference (p <.05) between the two groups with respect to 1) bypass platelet count; and 2) greater usage of protamine in Group A.

Group A Hespan = Platelet count x 1000/ml was 99.90+/-32.4, Blood loss (cc's) was 1033.3+/-305.5, Protamine:Heparin ratio was 1.41:1.0 +/- .37

Group B Albumin = Platelet count x 1000/ml was 153.84 +/- 34.17; Blood loss was 929.6+/- 105.4; Protamine:Heparin ratio was 1.01:1.0 +/- .43

In the postoperative phase which ended when the chest tube was removed, levels of significant difference were as follows:

Group A Hespan = Platelet Ct.#2 x 1000/ml was 124.87 +/- 30.62, Blood loss (cc's) was 1390.25 +/- 405.78, PPF Admin. ratio was 1417 +/- 506.32.

Group B Albumin= Platelet count x 1000 ml was 159.71 +/- 41.22; Blood loss= 1087.0 +/- 385.72, PPF Admin. ratio was 875 +/- 291.94.

From this study it seems as though there are two factors contributing to the increased blood loss seen in Group A that may result from Hespan usage - the intraoperative and postoperative decreased platelet count and the increased amount of protamine used. Furthermore, Group A patients required substantially more PPF postoperatively.
The Effect of Gas Scavenging on Hollow Fiber Membrane Oxygenator Performance
Authors: Jerabek Charles F. , Walton Howard G. , Doerfler Sally
Published: August 2023

During a routine cardiopulmonary bypass a patient's blood gases did not respond in the expected manner. After detailed review it was determined that the gas scavenging system was affecting the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator's performance, even though it was set up according to manufacturer's recommendations. Using a closed oxygenator-deoxygenator system primed with recently outdated human blood, the hypothesis that changing gas scavenging suction levels affected oxygenator performance was tested. Pump speed, venous blood gas levels, temperature, hemoglobin, FIO2 and sweep gas rate were all kept constant. The results showed that as suction levels increased, oxygenation capacity decreased according to the formula:

Suction(mm.Hg)=5130 * .98^ (Art. PO2 - Venous PO2) [R=-1].

However, ventilation capacity increased following the equation:

Suction(mm.Hg)=-945.26 + 65.67*(Venous PCO2-Art. PCO2) [R=.78].

Sweep gas flow rate was 2.5 liters/minute and FIO2 was 50%. Results were comparable when a different FI02 was used as a baseline. The conclusion was that gas scavenging suction predictably affects hollow fiber membrane oxygenator performance and can be used as an adjunct in blood gas management. However, if a perfusionist wishes to minimize the effects of gas scavenging, then a regulated low pressure vacuum source must be used.
The Effect of a Real-Time Computer System on Patient Morbidity and Mortality in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Jerabek Charles F. , Walton Howard G.
Published: August 2023

Computer systems, manufactured by large corporations or assembled by individual hospitals, have recently been incorporated into the practice of perfusion. However, no study has been undertaken to determine whether these systems are effective in reducing patient mortality or morbidity. This study compares 72 CABG patients (36 before the implementation of a real-time computer monitoring system and 36 using the Providence Perfusion Software Package). No statistically significant differences (p<.05) were found in the pre-operative comparison of the two groups. Since no real time surgical data was recorded on the control group, evaluation of intraoperative data was not attempted. Post-operative data showed no statistical difference between the two groups. Subsequently a third group of 54 patients was compared to the control with similar results and to the intraoperative data of group two where several minor differences were noted. In light of this information, the cost effectiveness of a prepackaged system must be examined and other alternatives should be explored.
Hemodynamic Management During Closed Circuit Percutaneous Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Justison George A. , Pelley William
Published: August 2023

The technological development of portable percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass systems has expanded the use outside of the operating room. Two of the major indications have been for resuscitation and supported angioplasty. The use of a decision-making algorithm will decrease the learning curve for the perfusionist and cardiologist when dealing with a closed circuit CPB system.
The Development of the Yucatan Miniature Pig as a Chronic Model for Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Vertrees Roger A. , Costabile Joseph , Collins Linda , Kerins Paul J. , Yu Yan , Cilley Jonathan H. , Baldino William A. , DelRossi Anthony J.
Published: August 2023

For purposes of developing a chronic model for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), the Yucatan miniature pig was selected. Its cardiac and vascular anatomical similarities to humans could be useful in achieving a model which would allow for investigations in vivo. Many difficulties have been encountered, resulting in one long-term survivor in the first series of nine animals. Of these nine pigs, there have been operative deaths due to friable venous tissue, fatal arrhythmia and exsanguination. Four others died in the post-operative period due to problems such as fatal arrhythmias, pneumothorax and hypoxia. Improved techniques in the anesthetic and surgical protocols, autologous recovery of the animals' lost blood, and the use of supplemental oxygen post-operatively have helped to overcome these problems. The next two animals survived well into the post-operative period. The last series of five Yucatan swine were all electively euthanized after they had recovered from their protocol. It is believed that the Yucatan swine, even though problems exist, may be an acceptable model for use in cardiac surgical procedures requiring a recovery or chronic phase.
A Clinical Evaluation of the Correlation and Reprodicibility Of Three Automated Devices For Measurement of Activated Clotting Times
Authors: Dumond Mark , Dumond David , Cook Cheryl , Duffner Brett , Laribee Julie
Published: August 2023

The Activated Clotting Time (ACT) assumes an important role in documentation of adequacy of perfusion. Therefore, it is important to document the correlation and reproducibility of automated systems currently available to measure the ACT value. During surgical procedures of 37 patients requiring cardiopulmonary bypass a blood sample was drawn in a single syringe and ACT values obtained using four Hemotec ACTs (T-ACT), four Hemochron ACTs (M-ACT), and two Sonoclot ACTs (S-ACT). Sample points with the mean of two of the three sets of ACTs exceeding 650 were excluded and the values were divided into heparinized (ACTH) (n=44) and nonheparinized (ACTN) (n=58) groups.

Group
Mean Value
Avg. Std. Dev.
r 2/T-ACTN
r w/H-ACTN
r w/T-ACTH
r w/H-ACTH

T-ACTN
104
3
-
.638
-
-

H-ACTN
128
5
.638
-
-
-

S-ACTN
138
11
.663
.580
-
-

T-ACTH
551
48
-
-
-
.224

M-ACTH
514
69
-
-
.224
-

S-ACTH
768
98
-
-
.041
.244

The very poor correlation of the three systems raises doubts as to interchangeability of ACT values from each system. The reproducibility (based on the size of the STD. DEV.) of the Hemotec system is significantly better than the Sonoclot.
Clinical Evaluation of the Hemotec Heparin Dose Response Cartridge
Authors: Dumond Mark , Dumond David , Cook Cheryl , Duffner Brett
Published: August 2023

The intent of this study is to evaluate the ability of the Hemotec System Four to provide an accurate predictor of heparin requirements for patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The study group consisted of 27 consecutive patients undergoing CPB. Patient charts were reviewed for preoperative use of heparin or IV nitroglycerin therapy. Blood samples were drawn prior to induction of anesthesia and an Activated Clotting Time (ACT) obtained from a Hemochron 400 along with the heparin maintenance level (HML) in units/Kg and slope in sec/mg/kg obtained from the Hemotec System Four. Following heparinization of the patient at 300 units/kg an ACT was performed prior to initiation of CPB and additional heparin given if the value failed to reach at least 480 seconds. The amount of heparin (AHL) needed to reach an ACT of 480 seconds was calculated from a dose response curve utilizing the final heparin dose, the initial ACT, and the final ACT. The correlation of the HML and the AHL was .547. The correlation of the slope value to AHL was -.596. The level of false negative responses obtained from the HML or the slope value were not significantly different from the levels achieved from use of pre-operative heparin or IV nitroglycerin therapy as an indicator of heparin resistance. The heparin dose response system did not improve our ability to predict the individual patients heparin requirements.