bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Method for the Measurement of Carbon Dioxide Desorption from Coal in the Elevated Pressure Range
Authors: Nodzeński Adam
Published: January 2017

During the liberation of gas from a coal bed, the temperature of the system is decreased because desorption is an endothermic process and heat exchange with the surroundings is difficult. A method for measuring gas desorption in the elevated pressure range, enabling investigations under isothermal and quasi-adiabatic conditions, was described. The results of carbon dioxide desorption from Polish coal were presented. The study was carried out using different rates of decrease in the external gas pressure for different coal grain sizes. The non-isothermal desorption curves thus obtained were described using empirical equations. Extrapolation of the equation constants obtained enabled the desorption curves to be calculated for the limit of decrease in rate of the external gas pressure and of grain size. It was found experimentally that the dependence of the decrease in coal temperature on the amount of desorbed gas is linear provided that heat exchange with the surroundings is limited.
Isosteric Heat of Single Gas Adsorption on an Energetically Homogeneous Adsorbent Surface
Authors: Garbacz J.K. , Kopkowfki A. , Dabrowski A.
Published: January 2017

An expression for the isosteric heat of the partially mobile monolayer adsorption of a single gas on a homogeneous adsorbent surface has been derived. Optimization of the model parameters has been performed for selected experimental systems.
Adsorption of Heavy Metals on Coal-Based Activated Carbons
Authors: Youssef A.M. , El-Wakil A.M. , El-Sharkawy E.A. , Farag A.B. , Tollan K.
Published: January 2017

Zinc chloride-activated and steam-activated carbons were prepared from Maghara coal (Sinai, Egypt). The surface properties of these carbons were determined from nitrogen adsorption isotherm studies at 77 K and of carbon dioxide at 298 K. The adsorption of Methylene Blue from aqueous solution at 308 K was also investigated. The removal of heavy metals (Hg2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+) from aqueous solution was investigated at pH < 7.0 and at 308 K.

The prepared activated carbons exhibited high adsorption capacities for Methylene Blue. The maximum capacity amounted to 83 mg dye per g of carbon, which is equivalent to a surface area of 500 m2/g. The capacity for the removal of heavy metals from their aqueous solutions depends on the pH and the extent of activation, i.e., on the amount of zinc chloride used for chemical activation or on the percentage burn-off during physical activation with steam.
A Gradientless Reactor for Kinetic Studies of Catalytic Processes
Authors: Nazimek D. , Ryczkowski J.
Published: January 2017

The gradientless technique for determining the rate of catalytic reaction has more or less replaced other traditional methods for longer time studies. To determine the reaction rate, rotating reactors in which the catalysts are placed are most frequently used, as well as stirred gas reactors where the catalyst is stationary. The present paper reports on the construction of a gradientless reactor for kinetic studies of catalytic processes at high temperatures.
Influence of the Molecular Weight of Polyethylene Glycol and Polyethylene Oxide on the Adsorption and Electrochemical Properties of the Titania/ Electrolyte Solution Interface
Authors: Chibowski S. , Paszkiewicz M.
Published: January 2017

The kinetic and adsorption properties of non-ionic polymers, i.e. polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyethylene oxide (PEO), on a titania surface were compared. The influence of the molecular weight and pH on the electrical properties of the solid/polymer solution interface were examined. The main factors responsible for the zeta potential and surface charge of TiO2 were defined. A possible mechanism for the changes in zeta potential due to the pH of the solution and changes in the molecular weight of the polymer was proposed from a comparison of the data obtained. Thickness measurements of the adsorption layer of PEG and PEO on titania confirmed the influence of the molecular weight on the conformation of the polymer chains in the surface layer of the solid.
Supporting the development of narrative skills of an eight-year old child who uses an augmentative and alternative communication device
Authors: Soto Gloria , Yu Betty , Henneberry Solana
Published: January 2017

Narrative abilities have been linked to literacy, communicative competence and development of identity. Children who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) may be at risk for difficulties in the development of narrative skills due to differences in their language learning opportunities and limitations of their AAC systems. The structural dimensions of the narrative discourse produced by children who use AAC have been observed to be poorly organized, limited in coherence and severely impoverished in both vocabulary and grammar. In addition, the children usually rely heavily on narrative co-construction and may not be given sufficient opportunities by their communication partners to provide narrative features. This study describes the process used to support the development of autonomous narrative skills of an eight-year old child who uses a voice output communication aid (VOCA) to communicate and who demonstrates significant delays in narrative formation. Results indicate that narratives produced with her VOCA improved in both linguistic and story complexity following intervention that targeted understanding and use of story structures.
Design and Behaviour of Reticulated Spatial Structural Systems
Authors: Hanaor Ariel
Published: January 2017

The paper presents a concise overview of the main features of design and behaviour of reticulated spatial structures, and specifically double layer grids (DLGs) and single layer braced domes. Emphasis is laid on behavioural aspects which are peculiar to these structural systems and which require special attention in design. Some of these features: A susceptibility to progressive collapse; An important role played by joint rigidity, even in stiff systems like DLGs; Sensitivity to imperfections such as member lack of fit in DLGs, and geometrical distortions in shallow domes. Design strategies to deal with these problems and enhance structural efficiency are proposed.
Effects of short-wave therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Haiming , Zhang Chi , Gao Chengfei , Zhu Siyi , Yang Lijie , Wei Quan , He Chengqi
Published: January 2017

Objective:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of short-wave therapy with sham or no intervention for the management of patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Methods:

We searched the following databases from their inception up to 26 October 2016: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, CINAHL and OpenGrey. Studies included randomized controlled trials compared with a sham or no intervention in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The results were calculated via standardized mean difference (SMD) and risk ratio for continuous variables outcomes as well as dichotomous variables, respectively. Heterogeneity was explored by the I2 test and inverse-variance random effects analysis was applied to all studies.

Results:

Eight trials (542 patients) met the inclusion criteria. The effect of short-wave therapy on pain was found positive (SMD, −0.53; 95% CI, −0.84 to −0.21). The pain subgroup showed that patients received pulse modality achieved clinical improvement (SMD, –0.83; 95% CI, –1.14 to −0.52) and the pain scale in female patients decreased (SMD, −0.53; 95% CI, −0.98 to −0.08). In terms of extensor strength, short-wave therapy was superior to the control group ( p < 0.05, I2 = 0%). There was no significant difference in the physical function (SMD, −0.16; 95% CI, −0.36 to 0.05). For adverse effects, there was no significant difference between the treatment and control group.

Conclusion:

Short-wave therapy is beneficial for relieving pain caused by knee osteoarthritis (the pulse modality seems superior to the continuous modality), and knee extensor muscle combining with isokinetic strength. Function is not improved.
Altering ethanol pharmacokinetics to treat alcohol use disorder: Can you teach an old dog new tricks?
Authors: Haass-Koffler Carolina L , Akhlaghi Fatemeh , Swift Robert M , Leggio Lorenzo
Published: January 2017

Disulfiram was the first pharmacotherapy approved to treat alcohol use disorder in the 1950s. Disulfiram alters ethanol pharmacokinetics and causes uncomfortable reactions (e.g. headache, tachycardia, nausea, flushing and hypotension) when alcohol is consumed. Subsequently, a better understanding of the neurobiological pathways involved in alcohol use disorder led to the development of other medications (e.g. naltrexone and acamprosate). These neurobiological-based medications act on alcohol use disorder-related phenotypes including craving, stress, and/or withdrawal. The original approach to treat alcohol use disorder, by altering ethanol pharmacokinetics has been much less investigated. Recent research on ethanol pharmacokinetics has shed light on the mechanisms of action underlying alcohol use disorder and how some medications that alter ethanol pharmacokinetics may be helpful in treating alcohol use disorder. This review summarizes and discusses the complex pharmacokinetics of ethanol, and proposes that altering ethanol pharmacokinetics via novel pharmacological approaches may be a viable approach to treat alcohol use disorder.
Novel sluggish speed signs on ultrasound is indicative of hemangiomas
Authors: Furuta Taisuke , Shimose Shoji , Nakashima Yuko , Kubo Tadahiko , Ochi Mitsuo
Published: January 2017

Background

Hemangiomas are sometimes difficult to diagnose with current techniques. Sluggish speed signs (SSS) are a phenomenon that: (i) cannot be depicted as Doppler flow on Doppler ultrasound; (ii) can be observed as fluid movements on Doppler ultrasound; and (iii) cannot be depicted as waveforms on pulse Doppler mode. We hypothesized that SSS could be diagnostic indicators for hemangiomas.

Purpose

To evaluate whether ultrasound findings, in particular those relating to SSS, are a reliable tool for detecting hemangiomas compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the gold standard for hemangioma diagnosis: pathological examination by biopsy or after surgical resection.

Material and Methods

Totally, 105 patients (mean age, 44.9 years) with soft-tissue tumors underwent MRI and ultrasound examination before biopsy or tumor resection. Ultrasound findings were compared with MRI as well as pathological findings, which were used as reference.

Results

Hemangiomas were identified in 16 (6.25%) of the 105 patients. On MRI, flow voids showed sensitivity and specificity values of 81.3% and 96.6%, respectively. On ultrasound examination, SSS was the only finding to show equally high sensitivity (93.8%) and specificity (96.6%) for diagnosing hemangiomas. There was no significant difference in the diagnostic capabilities between these two parameters ( P = 0.479).

Conclusion

SSS showed a high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing hemangiomas and therefore are useful diagnostic tools to supplement MRI.
Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Oral Analgesic Comparison of Butorphanol and Pentazocine in Patients with Moderate to Severe Post-Operative Pain
Authors: Young Robert E S
Published: January 2017

A double-blind, randomized trial was conducted in 120 post-surgical patients to evaluate the oral analgesic activity of butorphanol tartrate (4 mg and 8 mg) and pentazocine HCl (50 mg) as compared to placebo. Both doses of butorphanol as well as pentazocine proved to be significantly (p <0.05) more effective than placebo. Butorphanol 4 mg and pentazocine 50 mg were never significantly different from each other, while butorphanol 8 mg was significantly better than both butorphanol 4 mg as well as pentazocine 50 mg in several instances, demonstrating a significant dose effect relationship for butorphanol. All of the active treatments provided maximum pain relief within 1 to 2 hours and were effective over 4 hours. In contrast to the other treatments, none of the 8 mg butorphanol patients required remedication during the 4-hour observation period. Generally, the incidence of side-effects appeared low.
The Use of Loperamide for Treatment of “Difficult to Manage” Chronic Diarrhoea in Adults
Authors: Paterson I D
Published: January 2017

An open study of loperamide in seven chronic diarrhoea patients who were inadequately controlled by previous anti-diarrhoeal therapy is reported. All patients were well controlled by small amounts of loperamide and most could now eat a normal diet. No side-effects were reported.
The Transient Anti-Hypertensive Effect of Phentolamine in Patients Receiving Beta-Blocker Treatment
Authors: Dawson Ann , Smith Ian , Johnson Brian F
Published: January 2017

In seven hypertensives receiving beta-blocker drugs, an additional reduction in standing blood pressure occurred between 60 and 90 minutes after 40 mg phentolamine by mouth.

The occurrence of the postural hypotensive effect was delayed in relation to the reported time of peak plasma concentration of unchanged phentolamine.

Supine blood pressure and heart rate were unaffected. Phentolamine has no clinically useful anti-hypertensive effect in conjunction with beta-blockers in patients with essential hypertension.
Standards of Cleansing and Sterilization of Infant Feeding Utensils in the Home
Authors: Clegg A , Duke A M , Snelling K R Prosser
Published: January 2017

Microbiological standards achieved by mothers when sterilizing babies' feeding utensils in the home were studied in the Slough area in England. Results indicated a marked improvement in this aspect of baby hygiene when compared to results of a similar survey conducted in the town of Reading, England, in 1970. Previously, 78% of bottles and 70% of the teats were recorded as being satisfactorily sterilized. During this study the number of sterile bottles had risen to 98.1%, sterile teats to 90.6%. These improved standards may be an indication of better education of mothers.
An Overview of Results of World-Wide Clinical Trials with Cefadroxil
Authors: Santella P J , Tanrisever B , Berman E
Published: January 2017

Cefadroxil, a new semisynthetic oral cephalosporin, is absorbed similarly by fasted and non-fasted subjects, produces sustained serum levels and is eliminated at a relatively slow rate. These pharmacokinetic properties permit less frequent and more convenient dosage scheduling than cephalexin and cephradine and consequently greater patient compliance. Cefadroxil was evaluated for safety in 1051 patients and for efficacy in 1030 patients. Overall it achieved a 91.8% rate of clinical success resulting from 881 complete cures and sixty-five clinical cures. Among 363 patients with respiratory tract infections and 471 patients with genito-urinary tract infections, cefadroxil treatment produced 97.5% and 84.5% clinical success, respectively. In the remaining infectious diseases treated, cefadroxil therapy resulted in 99.0% clinical success. Cefadroxil eradicated 87% of 1110 pathogens isolated, among which the most predominant pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, β-haemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. Drug-related side-effects were reported in 7.2% of the patients.
Butorphanol and Promethazine as Pre-Anaesthetic Medication
Authors: Lippmann Maurice , Mok Martin S , Steen Stephen N
Published: January 2017

An open evaluation of a combination of butorphanol (1 or 2 mg), promethazine (25 or 50 mg) and atropine (0.5 mg) in 109 adult consenting patients was carried out to determine their safety and efficacy for pre-anaesthetic medication. All patients were kept under direct surveillance from before intramuscular medication until they were in satisfactory condition post-operatively for discharge from the recovery room. The medications employed did not disturb the blood pressure, pulse rate or respiration rate in any of the patients.

None complained of nausea or dizziness while only one was slightly excited. Sedation was rated as satisfactory in 97 per cent, and 90 per cent were free of apprehension. In addition, global evaluation of the premedication by the investigator was rated good to excellent in 99 per cent of the patients. On the basis of these observations, the combination of butorphanol with promethazine and atropine appears safe and useful for pre-anaesthetic medication.
A New Synthetic Protease Inhibitor, E-3123, Prevents Lysosomal and Mitochondrial Fragility in Rat Caerulein-Induced Pancreatitis
Authors: Hirano T , Manabe T
Published: January 2017

The study investigated the protective effect of a new synthetic protease inhibitor, E-3123, a 4-guanidinobenzoate methanesulphonate, on the exocrine pancreas in caerulein-induced pancreatitis of rats both in vivo and in vitro. Hyperamylasaemia, pancreatic oedema and congestion of amylase, as well as cathepsin B leakage from lysosomes and malate dehydrogenase leakage from mitochondria, were prevented by infusion of 5 mg/kg.h E-3123 particularly when infused for 2 h before and during 5 μg/kg.h caerulein infusion for 3.5 h. The results indicate that E-3123 plays its protective roles against pancreatitis in the subcellular compartments such as lysosomes and mitochondria, and that such a low molecular weight protease inhibitor as E-3123 may be clinically useful in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.
Natural Cartilage Polysaccharides for the Treatment of Sun-Damaged Skin in Females: A Double-Blind Comparison of Vivida® and Imedeen®
Authors: Eskelinen A , Santalahti J
Published: January 2017

Evidence is accumulating that cartilage polysaccharides derived from marine fish have a repairing effect on solar elastosis. In a double-blind trial, the efficacy and safety of two commercial preparations, Vivida® and Imedeen®, were compared in the treatment of sun-damaged skin in women aged 40 – 60 years. A group of 15 women received 500 mg/day Vivida® and another 15 women received 380 mg/day Imedeen® orally for 90 days. Subjective assessment revealed statistically significant improvements in skin condition in both treatment groups but Vivida® was significantly ( P < 0.01) more effective than Imedeen® for all parameters. In the Vivida® group, mean epidermal thickness increased from 0.14 to 0.26 mm, dermal thickness from 0.90 to 1.51 mm and the elasticity index from 47% to 71%. In the Imedeen® group, epidermal thickness increased from 0.13 to 0.18 mm, dermal thickness from 0.80 to 0.97 mm and the elasticity index from 48% to 56%. After 90 days, the differences between the two groups for all three parameters were statistically significant ( P < 0.001). The mean erythemal index decreased from 0.24 to 0.20 in the Vivida® group, but increased from 0.23 to 0.25 in the Imedeen® group. In the Vivida® group, five patients developed transient, mild pimples during the first weeks of treatment, but no other adverse effects occurred.

On observe actuellement une accumulation de preuves tendant à montrer que les polysaccharides du cartilage dérivés des poissons marins ont un effet réparateur sur l'élastose solaire. Dans une étude en double aveugle, l'efficacité et la sécurité d'emploi de deux préparations commerciales, Vivida® et Imedeen®, ont été comparées lors du traitement de la peau endommagée par le soleil de femmes âgées de 40 à 60 ans. Un groupe de 15 femmes a reçu 500 mg par jour de Vivida® et 15 autres femmes ont reçu 380 mg par jour d'Imedeen® per os pendant 90 jours. Une évaluation subjective a montré des améliorations statistiquement significatives de l'état de la peau dans les deux groupes, mais Vivida® s'est révélé significativement ( P < 0,01) plus efficace qu'Imedeen® pour tous les paramètres. Dans le groupe traité par Vivida®, l'épaisseur épidermique moyenne est passée de 0,14 à 0,26 mm, l'épaisseur dermique de 0,90 à 1,51 mm et l'indice d'élasticité de 47% à 71%. Dans le groupe traité par Imedeen®, l'épaisseur épidermique moyenne est passée de 0,13 à 0,18 mm, l'épaisseur dermique de 0,80 à 0,97 mm et l'indice d'élasticité de 48% à 56%. Après 90 jours, les différences entre les deux groupes pour les trois paramètres étaient statistiquement significatives ( P < 0,001). L'indice d'érythème moyen était passé de 0,24 à 0,20 dans le groupe traité par Vivida®, mais il avait augmenté dans celui traité par Imedeen®, passant de 0,23 à 0,25. Dans le groupe traité par Vivida®, cinq patients ont développé des boutons transitoires et bénins pendant les premières semaines du traitement, mais aucun autre effet secondaire n'a été noté.
Results of Long-Term Follow-Up after Compensated Fixed-Dose Therapy for Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Zaini A , Khir A , Doi S AR , Chan S P , Paramsothy M , Khoo B H
Published: January 2017

To evaluate the effects of simple compensated fixed-dose iodine-131 therapy for thyrotoxicosis, the long-term results for 74 patients treated with a fixed dose of iodine-131 ranging from 5 to 12 mCi (185 to 444 MBq) were evaluated in the first 2 years of a trial. The dose selected was loosely based on the gross size of the thyroid gland. Routine antithyroid drug therapy was given for a minimum of 3 months after iodine-131 therapy. The mean (± SD) duration of follow-up was 74.5 ± 42 months. The results indicated that roughly 25% of patients treated in this way will become hypothyroid after 5 years and that 85% are cured (need no further therapy during the follow-up period) using a single dose of iodine-131. Of those cured using a single iodine-131 dose, 81% were no longer receiving drugs after 6 months and 85% after 1 year. Such a regimen seems currently to be among the best available where prolonged periods of medication-free euthyroidism after therapy are sought.
Influence of Dietary Composition on the Inhibition of Fat Absorption by Orlistat
Authors: Güzelhan C , Odink J , Jansen-Zuidema J J Niestijl , Hartmann D
Published: January 2017

Orlistat, a potent and selective inhibitor of gastrointestinal lipases, is designed for the treatment of obesity. The effect of orlistat on dietary fat absorption, when it was administered with diets differing in fibre content (high and low) and accessibility of fat (intra- and extracellular fat), was investigated in 32 hospitalized healthy males, according to an open, two-factorial study design. The subjects were randomly allocated to one of four parallel groups of equal size: A = intracellular fat, high fibre (28g/day); B = extracellular fat, high fibre; C = extracellular fat, low fibre (9 g/day); or D = intracellular fat, low fibre. After a 5-day run-in period to accustom the volunteers to the standardized diet (2500 kcal and 84 g fat per day) and to establish baseline faecal fat parameters, they received 80 mg orlistat, three times daily mid-way through each meal for 8 days. Faeces were collected to measure total fat and free fatty acid excretions. The mean baseline-corrected excretion (% of dietary fat) in groups A, B, C and D, respectively, was 37.0, 30.4, 30.3 and 34.5 for total fat, and 6.5, 4.3, 2.6 and 3.9 for free fatty acids. The 95% confidence intervals for the difference between the means for high fibre and low fibre groups and for intracellular fat and extracellular fat groups, respectively, were 1.4 ± 4.9 and 5.5 ± 4.9 for total fat, and 2.2 ± 3.1 and 1.9 ± 3.1 for free fatty acids. The statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05) in total faecal fat between intracellular fat and extracellular fat groups, in absolute terms < 5 g fat/day, was not regarded as clinically relevant. Under the conditions of this study, dietary fibre content and accessibility of fat had no relevant effect on the inhibition of fat absorption by orlistat.
Acceleration of Phagocytosis in Human Neutrophils Incubated with Gabexate Mesilate
Authors: Mikawa K , Akamatsu H , Maekawa N , Nishina K , Obara H , Niwa Y
Published: January 2017

It has recently been shown that gabexate mesilate inhibited human neutrophil functions including chemotaxis and reactive oxygen species production. In the present study, the effects of gabexate mesilate on phagocytosis by human neutrophils in vitro were investigated. Gabexate mesilate significantly enhanced neutrophil phagocytosis in a dose-dependent manner. This characteristic of gabexate mesilate may facilitate protection against infecting micro-organisms, although the inhibition of reactive oxygen species production by neutrophils may be a disadvantage for host-defense against infection.
Pharmacodynamic Characteristics of Low-Molecular-Weight Dermatan Sulphate after Subcutaneous Administration in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Traini A M , Cervi V , Melandri G , Palazzini E , Zamboni V , Semprini F , Candiotti N , Branzi A
Published: January 2017

Sixteen patients (5 female and 11 male, mean age 59.1 years) who had had an acute myocardial infarction within the previous 7 days, were enrolled in an open pharmacodynamic study. Patients were randomly allocated to two treatment groups and given a single subcutaneous dose of 100 or 200 mg of a new low-molecular-weight dermatan sulphate. The drug pharmacodynamic profile was determined 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h after administration. The following coagulation and fibrinolysis tests were performed: activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, activated factor X inhibition, Heptest (global clotting time), heparin cofactor II affinity, functional and antigenic plasminogen activator inhibitor and fibrin plate assay. Both Heptest and heparin cofactor II affinity were significantly increased ( P < 0.001) in a dose-dependent manner. The Xal was enhanced, though to a lesser extent. None of the other coagulation or fibrinolysis tests showed significant changes at either dose. Systemic and local tolerance were always very good.
Factors Related to Stress in Patients with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Okada S , Hamada H , Ishii K , Ichiki K , Tanokuchi S , Ota Z
Published: January 2017

Stress was assessed using State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores in 40 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients, and the results were compared with those for 40 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Fludiazepam was administered to the patients for 12 weeks and stress was reassessed. The Manifest Anxiety Scale score correlated with Trait ( r = 0.548, P <0.0001) and State ( r = 0.474, P < 0.0001) scores, validating the latter as measurements of stress. Both Trait (43.4 vs 35.8, P < 0.001) and State (41.6 vs 33.8, P < 0.001) scores were significantly higher in NIDDM patients than in healthy controls. Administration of an anxiolytic, fludiazepam (0.25 mg, three times daily, orally) for 12 weeks lowered Trait score (43.5 to 36.9, 0.0001), State score (41.6 to 35.8, P < 0.0002), glycosylated haemoglobin (8.4 to 7.3%, P < 0.0001), systolic blood pressure (151.2 to 143.4 mmHg, P < 0.0017) and diastolic blood pressure (84.2 to 77.7 mmHg, P < 0.0018). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the significant explanatory variables for the change in State score during anxiolytic administration were the changes in total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B: A1 and glycosylated haemoglobin ( R2 = 0.3224, P < 0.0022). The results indicate that stress is detected at a higher frequency in patients with

NIDDM than in healthy controls, and that blood glucose and lipid metabolic factors are significant explanatory variables for this stress. This stress is correlated with glucose metabolism and blood pressure and, moreover, these factors could all be proved concomitantly by the administration of an anxiolytic.
Can α-Glucosidase Inhibitors Reduce the Insulin Dosage Administered to Patients with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus?
Authors: Okada S , Ishii K , Hamada H , Tanokuchi S , Ichiki K , Ota Z
Published: January 2017

For 10 patients (three women and seven men) with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, who had been given insulin (22.6 ± 19.6 U/day) and had frequently shown hypo-glycaemia, the insulin dose was slightly reduced and the administration of an α-glucosidase inhibitor was simultaneously started. Hypoglycaemic symptoms disappeared immediately and completely, and sugar metabolism immediately before the withdrawal of treatment was not aggravated: the glycosylated haemoglobin level was unchanged and the post-prandial blood glucose level was increased though not significantly. The results of the present study indicate that the combined use of an α-glucosidase inhibitor with a reduced insulin dose improves the quality of life of patients and may improve hyperinsulinaemia.
Insulin Secretion Levels Necessary for Efficacy of an α-Glucosidase Inhibitor on Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Okada S , Ishii K , Hamada H , Tanokuchi S , Ichiki K , Ota Z
Published: January 2017

diabetes mellitus whose glucose metabolism was unsatisfactory, even though they were receiving appropriate dietary therapy, were treated with an α-glucosidase inhibitor (0.6 mg/day) for 12 weeks. The connecting peptide immunoreactivity value (selected as the evaluation criterion of post-prandial endogenous insulin secretion) was compared in patients with and without improved glycosylated haemoglobin levels. A significant difference was found between the connecting peptide immunoreactivity value of the group with improved glycosylated haemoglobin levels (5.0 ± 1.0 ng/ml) and that in the group without the improvement (2.7 ± 0.9 ng/ml).
Bacterial Translocation in Experimental Intestinal Obstruction
Authors: Akçay M N , Çapan M Y , Gündo͂du C , Polat M , Ören D
Published: January 2017

In this study, bacterial translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), liver and spleen and the histopathological changes in the intestine MLN, liver and spleen were investigated in Wistar Albino rats with intestinal obstruction. The subjects were divided into three main groups: the control group, simple obstruction group and loop obstruction group. Each group was further subdivided into two subgroups: those who underwent repeat laparotomy at 12 h or at 24 h. No bacterial translocation was observed in the control group. The incidences of bacterial translocation to the MLN, livers and spleens of the rats with loop obstruction who underwent repeat laparotomy at 24 h were the highest. According to the cultured bacteria growth results, Escherichia coli was most abundant (48%). Most histopathological changes were observed in the MLN, livers, spleens and intestines of the rats with loop obstruction who underwent second laparotomy at 24 h.
Estimated Urinary Albumin Index: A Predictor of Microalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Okada S , Ichiki K , Hamada H , Matsuo N , Ota Z
Published: January 2017

This study examined factors contributing to the development of microalbuminuria in diabetic patients. A total of 236 patients with Type 2 diabetes were studied: 143 were normoalbuminuric and 86 were also normotensive. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing the urinary albumin index (UAI), an index of proteinuria based on urinary albumin adjusted for urinary creatinine. Significant factors (retinopathy, systolic blood pressure, and glycosylated haemoglobin) were used to generate a formula for estimating the loge UAI. Target values for systolic blood pressure and glycosylated haemoglobin to maintain the urinary albumin index at or below 22 were determined for different degrees of retinopathy. Normoalbuminuric patients were followed for 3 years to evaluate their progression to microalbuminuria. Each month, blood pressure, urinary albumin and creatinine, and glycosylated haemoglobin were measured. In normotensive, normoalbuminuric patients, initial urinary albumin index and loge UAI were significantly higher in patients who subsequently developed microalbuminuria. Patients with initial loge UAI > 3.09 or initial glycosylated haemoglobin > 6.0% also showed greater progression to microalbuminuria. Hyperglycaemia was an independent factor for the development of microalbuminuria in Type 2 diabetes. The urinary albumin index was most significantly affected by retinopathy, systolic blood pressure, and glycosylated haemoglobin. The estimated loge UAI calculated from these factors is a useful predictor of progression to microalbuminuria.
Acute Maxillary Sinusitis
Authors: Correa A , Cabeza Y , Corssen C
Published: January 2017

Infection of the maxillary sinus is frequently treated by the general practitioner, since it is usually a complication of upper respiratory tract infections and acute nasal allergy. This study considers the bacteriology of the maxillary sinus infection and looks at the therapeutic response to amoxycillin and azithromycin.

It is notable that resistance of Haemophilus influenzae to amoxycillin has. increased. Azithromycin proved very effective, having the advantage of a much simpler dosing regimen.
Zolpidem, a Valuable Alternative to Benzodiazepine Hypnotics for Chronic Insomnia?
Authors: Declebck A , Smits M
Published: January 2017

Sleep quality and anxiety levels were examined using questionnaires and polysomnographic recordings in 22 chronic insomnia patients who regularly used benzodiazepines to treat their sleeping problems. After abruptly discontinuing their benzodiazepine medication, patients were randomly allocated to receive either a placebo or zolpidem 10 mg for 1 week, after which they entered an open extension phase, receiving zolpidem 10 mg for 3 weeks. Subjectively, sleep quality was considered mediocre during the use of a benzodiazepine hypnotic. One week after the discontinuation, an increase in sleep latency was observed in the placebo group, whereas zolpidem induced a significant decrease in sleep latency. Deterioration of other sleep variables (probably rebound) was not suppressed by zolpidem. An explanation for this could be the selective pharmacological profile of zolpidem. Polysomnographic differences between placebo and benzodiazepine and between placebo and zolpidem were not reflected by the subjective data on sleep and anxiety. Changes of sleep structure caused by hypnotics seem not always to be felt as such by patients. After 3 – 4 weeks of zolpidem treatment, the percentage of non-rapid eye movement-4 sleep increased significantly, corresponding with a significant subjective improvement of sleep quality. This indicates that zolpidem may restore physiological sleep.
Lesions in Puppies Surviving Infection with Canine Herpesvirus
Authors: Percy D. H. , Carmichael L. E. , Albert D. M. , King J. M. , Jonas A. M.
Published: January 2017

Four puppies experimentally infected with canine herpesvirus (CHV) and one spontaneously infected animal, all of which survived the disease, were examined. Histologically, there were a focal granulomatous encephalitis, interstitial pneumonitis, and segmental renal necrosis with dysplasia. In the animal with naturally occurring infection there was segmental cerebellar and retinal dysplasia, and CHV antigen was demonstrated in the cerebellar cortex by fluorescence microscopy. The cerebellar and retinal dysplasia indicate that CHV can impair the differentiation of such tissues.
The Respiratory Tract Immune System in the Pig
Authors: Bradley Patricia A. , Bourne F. J. , Brown P. J.
Published: January 2017

The number of cells containing immunoglobulins A, G and M in the respiratory tract mucosa of pigs from birth to maturity was assessed using the immunoperoxidase technique. Immunoglobulin-containing cells first appeared at 6–7 days of age and rose rapidly to reach levels at 3–4 weeks similar to those in the adult. IgA-containing cells predominated at all sites in all age groups, although there were significant proportions of cells containing IgM and IgG. Our findings suggest that IgA is transported into secretions via the mixed mucoserous glands of the nasal and tracheobronchial mucosa, and that this route is also operative for colostral IgA absorbed from the gut in the baby pig.
Epithelial Thyroid Tumors in Cows
Authors: Vítovec J.
Published: January 2017

From 1964 to 1973, 370 tumors were collected from cows of unknown age. Ten (2.7%) of these were primary thyroid tumors. Three were malignant. The benign tumors were solitary encapsulated adenomas in the parenchyma with more or less defined trabeculae, tubular, and microfollicular pattern. One of the malignant tumors was a cystic papillary adenocarcinoma, and two were small cell carcinomas consisting of small, sometimes binuclear, pleomorphic cells.
Primary Renal Neoplasms of the Dog
Authors: Baskin G. B. , De Paoli A.
Published: January 2017

Of 48 canine primary renal neoplasms found in the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 36 were of tubular cell origin (five adenomas and 31 carcinomas), six of transitional cell origin (two papillomas and four carcinomas), two were nephroblastomas and four were nonepithelial. With the exception of nephroblastomas, renal neoplasms occurred in dogs older than 5 years and were most common in males. No breed predilection was apparent. Eight of the neoplasms were classified by histologic criteria as benign and 40 as malignant. Seventeen of the malignant neoplasms had metastasized. The neoplasms of tubular cell origin contained solid, tubular and papillary patterns, often mixed within the same tumor.
Feline Histoplasmosis with Ocular Involvement
Authors: Percy D. H.
Published: January 2017

A 12-year-old, castrated male cat with a history of respiratory disease developed bilateral endophthalmitis, retinal detachment, and granulomatous choroiditis, and unilateral glaucoma, and was killed. Other lesions included granulomatous optic neuritis, myositis involving extraocular muscles, and focal retinitis. Light and electron microscopy showed many intracellular organisms, interpreted to be Histoplasma. Granulomatous inflammatory lesions and organisms were present in lung, liver, lymphoid tissues, and adrenals.
Morphology of Hyperplastic and Neoplastic Lesions in the Clitoral and Preputial Gland of the F344 Rat
Authors: Reznik G. , Ward J. M.
Published: January 2017

We reviewed 359 neoplasms of the preputial and clitoral glands of F344 rats to classify the different types of tumors, in relation to the normal anatomy and histology of the glands. Most tumors originated from the acinar or ductal cells; only one tumor originated from mesenchymal tissue. They were classified as adenomas, adenocarcinomas, squamous cell or basal cell carcinomas, and mixed cell carcinomas. Only one tumor metastasized to the lung.
Fecal Transmission of Calf Cryptosporidia between Calves and Pigs
Authors: Moon H. W. , Bemrick W. J.
Published: January 2017

All of 17 calves 1 to 21 days old and 23 of 24 1-day-old pigs inoculated orally with calf feces containing cryptosporidia oocysts became infected with cryptosporidia. Infectivity was maintained by discontinuous passage in calves, with storage in potassium dichromate solution for up to eight weeks between passages. Cryptosporidia shed in calf feces also were infectious for calves directly after collection, without storage in potassium dichromate (two calves). Infected calves and pigs shed cryptosporidia oocysts in their feces for several days (mean of 10 days). Those necropsied at this stage of infection had many cryptosporidia and partial atrophy of villi in their ilea. All of the pigs and 60% of the calves also had cryptosporidia infections in their large intestines at this stage. It was concluded that calf cryptosporidia can be transmitted via feces to calves and to pigs.
A Lysosomal Storage Disorder in the BALB/c Mouse: Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Boothe A. D. , Weintroub H. , Pentchev P. G. , Jones J. , Butler J. , Barry J. E. , Neumeyer B. , Stivers J. A. , Brady R. O.
Published: January 2017

The morphological and biochemical consequences of transplanting affected bone marrow from donor BALB/c mice with a lysosomal storage disorder (BALB/c LSD) into normal recipient mice were studied. Bone marrow was removed from normal BALB/c and BALB/c LSD mice and transfused into normal BALB/c recipient mice four hours after the mice received 850 rads of irradiation. Tissues of the recipient mice were examined 240 days later. This study revealed that the defective cells that constituted the visceral lesions of BALB/c LSD could be transplanted to normal BALB/c mice by the use of bone marrow from affected BALB/c LSD homozygote; that the defective cells of BALB/c LSD proliferated and disseminated throughout the mononuclear phagocytic system of the recipient; that there were increases in cholesterol, sphingolipids, and cystine with decreases in sphingomyelinase and glucocerebrosidase activity in tissues of the recipients; and that the recipients survived substantially longer than BALB/c LSD homozygotes and their lifespan was compromised mainly by the secondary effects of irradiation. These lesions, although not as extensive as in homozygous BALB/c LSD, paralleled the lesions which develop in BALB/c LSD. Since the the recipient mice were not compromised by the short life span (70 days) of the BALB/c LSD mice, they may be used to study the long-term chronic effects of these metabolic lesions.
Neoplasia and Hyperplasia of Pancreatic Endocrine Tissue in the Rat: An Immunocytochemical Study
Authors: Spencer A. J. , Andreu M. , Greaves P.
Published: January 2017

Spontaneously occurring neoplasms and non-neoplastic proliferative changes of the pancreatic cells in aging Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans rats were examined for the presence and distribution of pancreatic hormones using immunocytochemical techniques. Islet cell tumors were indistinguishable in the two rat strains. They were composed principally of insulin-containing beta cells, but had additional and variable small proportions of cells that stained for somatostatin, glucagon, or rarely, pancreatic polypeptide. The heterogeneity in these spontaneous islet cell neoplasms was similar to that reported in humans as well as those induced in rats by streptozotocin. Hyperplasia of the islet cells also mainly affected the beta cells, but the overall pattern of immunocytochemical staining usually remained similar to that of normal islets, a point of distinction from islet cell neoplasms. In addition, rats with exocrine atrophy and fibrosis were found to have considerable disruption and focal proliferation of the islets.
Feline Leukemia Virus-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Macrothrombocytosis in Cats
Authors: Boyce J. T. , Kociba G. J. , Jacobs R. M. , Weiser M. G.
Published: January 2017

The Kawakami-Theilen strain of feline leukemia virus (FeLV-KT), an exogenous anemia-inducing retrovirus, induced significant macrothrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia during acute infections of cats. The geometric mean platelet volumes of both freshly isolated fixed platelets and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid-sphered platelets from infected cats were increased, but the ratio of fresh-fixed to ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid-sphered platelet volumes, an estimate of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid-induced isovolumetric shape change, was normal. Total plasma membrane increased as the platelet volumes increased in FeLV-KT-infected cats, but estimated surface connected canalicular system surface area did not. Platelet concentrations were decreased 2 to 6 weeks after inoculation, but marked macrothrombocytosis resulted in a trend toward increased platelet mass on weeks 5 and 6 after inoculation. Thus. FeLV-KT-induced macrothrombocytosis may serve as a model of impaired platelet volume regulation. The platelet volume and platelet membrane surface area abnormalities found suggest that this model would allow studies of the megakaryocyte/platelet axis, particularly in the area of membrane formation and territorial demarcation.
Immunohistochemical Identification of Generalized AA-Amyloidosis in a Mountain Gazelle (Gazella gazella)
Authors: Linke R. P. , Hol P. R. , Geisel O.
Published: January 2017

Generalized amyloidosis was diagnosed post-mortem in a mountain gazelle ( Gazella gazella). To test whether the amyloid deposits consisted of amyloid-A fibril protein a series of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies directed against amyloid-A fibril protein of different species was applied to formalin-fixed paraffin sections using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. The immunohistochemical results showed a moderate cross-reaction of gazelle amyloid with human, murine, hamster, and canine amyloid-A fibril protein. A strong cross-reaction, however, was found with one of two monoclonal anti-human amyloid-A antibodies and with an antiserum against bovine amyloid-A fibril protein, the amyloid fibril protein of another ungulate. These results demonstrate the presence of amyloid-A fibril protein in the gazelle amyloid and illustrate the diagnostic value of cross-reacting anti-amyloid-A antibodies for the identification of amyloid-A-amyloidosis in species and in individuals in which amyloid has not yet been examined.
Catching Audiovisual Interactions With a First-Person Fisherman Video Game
Authors: Sun Yile , Hickey Timothy J. , Shinn-Cunningham Barbara , Sekuler Robert
Published: January 2017

The human brain is excellent at integrating information from different sources across multiple sensory modalities. To examine one particularly important form of multisensory interaction, we manipulated the temporal correlation between visual and auditory stimuli in a first-person fisherman video game. Subjects saw rapidly swimming fish whose size oscillated, either at 6 or 8 Hz. Subjects categorized each fish according to its rate of size oscillation, while trying to ignore a concurrent broadband sound seemingly emitted by the fish. In three experiments, categorization was faster and more accurate when the rate at which a fish oscillated in size matched the rate at which the accompanying, task-irrelevant sound was amplitude modulated. Control conditions showed that the difference between responses to matched and mismatched audiovisual signals reflected a performance gain in the matched condition, rather than a cost from the mismatched condition. The performance advantage with matched audiovisual signals was remarkably robust over changes in task demands between experiments. Performance with matched or unmatched audiovisual signals improved over successive trials at about the same rate, emblematic of perceptual learning in which visual oscillation rate becomes more discriminable with experience. Finally, analysis at the level of individual subjects’ performance pointed to differences in the rates at which subjects can extract information from audiovisual stimuli.
Flexible Flatfoot Treatment in Children with Mechanical Sound Vibration Therapy
Authors: Iodice P. , Bellomo R.G. , Migliorini M. , Megna M. , Saggini R.
Published: January 2017

The flat foot can be defined as a syndrome with multiple etiopathogenesis, characterized by an altered structure of the longitudinal arch of the plantar vault with its reduction in height. The plantar arch collapse can be counteracted by strengthening the muscles involved; for many years, specific physical exercises have been proposed with this purpose in physical and rehabilitation medicine. The aim of our work was to improve the plantar arch muscles' tone using high focal vibration therapy (300Hz) Methods. 10 children with a 4th degree flat foot (age: 8,7±2,2; height: 132±15cm; weight: 35,2±12,3Kg) underwent 10 sessions, 2days/wk, of 30 min of focused high vibratory therapy at a frequency of 300 Hz (Vissman, Italy). Before and after treatment stabilometry (StT), static and dynamic baropodometry tests were performed. Results. Evaluation of StT showed an improvement of stability, a decrease of sway area and ellipse area. Baropodometry tests showed a decrease in foot surface. Also dynamic tests showed a decrease in both foot surfaces. Discussion. The results lead us to consider this method as a method of first choice to a conservative approach in the rehabilitation of flat foot syndrome olso for the 4th grade in children.