bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioeletricidade sucroenergética: potencialidade para geração no Estado da Paraíba
Authors: Moreira Josicleide de Amorim Pereira , Menezes Júnior Raimundo Aprígio de , Lima Eduardo Rodrigues Viana de , Souza Bruno Cesar Bezerra Nóbrega de
Published: March 2021

O estudo teve como objetivo mensurar a potencialidade para geração de bioeletricidade sucroenergética no Estado da Paraíba. Trata-se de uma pesquisa aplicada, exploratória, com abordagem quantitativa. Elegeu-se para monitorar a área de estudo a plataforma on-line Google Earth Engine, sendo o acompanhamento do ciclo da cana feito com base em imagens do sensor MODIS. Empregou-se o Índice de Vegetação Melhorado (EVI) para identificar e espacializar a cultura de cana-de-açúcar na área estudada. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que considerando a produção de cana-de-açúcar para a safra 2018/19 da Paraíba, a qual correspondeu a 5.597.209 toneladas e empregando-se caldeira de 100 bar/540 °C, associada com grelha rotativa, sem ciclo regenerativo, seria possível gerar uma quantidade de bioeletricidade de 542,92 GWh. Contudo, quando se emprega a mesma tecnologia adicionando-se o ciclo regenerativo, a produção aumentaria para 576,51 GWh. Adotando-se a caldeira de 100 bar/540 °C, com leito fluidizado e sem ciclo regenerativo, a produção de bioeletricidade seria de 604,49 GWh. Por outro lado, com a mesma tecnologia, somando-se o ciclo regenerativo, a produção chegaria a 660,47 GWh. É bom salientar que os resultados obtidos correspondem a estimativas, tendo em vista as variações resultantes de outros fatores.
Efeito da temperatura de compostagem na composição nutricional e migração de contaminantes em garrafas PET
Authors: Penteado Maíra Menezes , Santos Fabiana Soares dos , Carneiro Patricia Alves
Published: March 2021

A compostagem domiciliar em garrafas PET (politereftalato de etileno) pode ajudar a reduzir significativamente a quantidade de resíduos orgânicos gerados em ambientes urbanos, além de ser uma alternativa para espaços reduzidos. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da temperatura de compostagem na composição nutricional, bem como a migração de antimônio, aceltadeído e formaldeído para o composto produzido, uma vez que estudos apontam que as garrafas PET podem liberar essas substâncias, dependendo das condições de armazenamento. Foram montadas composteiras contendo 4 partes de resíduos orgânicos (cascas de frutas e legumes e restos de verduras); uma parte de terra; e uma parte de folhas secas, sendo mantidas a temperatura de 17 °C, 27 °C e 37 °C. No final do processo de compostagem, que durou aproximadamente 35 dias, o composto e o chorume produzidos foram coletados e realizadas análises de fertilidade e possível contaminação com antimônio e aldeídos. O composto produzido apresentou potencial condicionador do solo, com teores de pH e nitrogênio acima das concentrações mínimas previstas na legislação para fertilizantes orgânicos. Além disso, não apresentaram contaminação por antimônio independente da temperatura estudada e houve uma significativa redução das concentrações de formaldeído e acetaldeído no composto em relação ao material inicial, indicando que a compostagem em garrafa PET favoreceu a decomposição e/ou volatilização desses aldeídos no processo.
THE FIRST REPORT OF A POSSIBLE SARS-CoV-2 REINFECTION IN NEPAL
Authors:   Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal, Sah Ranjit , Roy Namrata ,   Department of Medicine, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India, Rodríguez-Morales Alfonso J. ,   Latin American Network of COVID-19 Research (LANCOVID), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia,   Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia,   Universidad Privada Franz Tamayo, Cochabamba, Bolivia, Mishra Aman ,   Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal, Das Santa Kumar ,   Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal, Shrestha Laxman ,   Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal, Singh Yogendra Prasad ,   Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal, Shah Niranjan Prasad ,   Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal, Kattel Hari Prasad ,   Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal, Fathah Zareena ,   Kings College London, London, UK, Quraishi Sadeq ,   Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine - Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, Barkoudah Ebrahim ,   Harvard School of Public Health Boston, Massachusetts, USA, Ozaki Akihiko ,   Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan, Tanimoto Tetsuya ,   Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan, Crump Andy ,   Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan, Tiwari Ruchi ,   Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa VigyanVishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India, Sharun Khan ,   Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, Natesan Senthilkumar ,   Department of Infectious Diseases, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Lekawada, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India, Singh Karam Pal ,   Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, Dhama Kuldeep ,   Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: March 2021

Since August 2020, a growing number of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases, after approximately three months, in most of them, again presented a new infection episode, which has been defined as reinfection. So far, no cases have been reported in Nepal, and still there is limited the number of them, especially of those fully confirmed. Here, we report a case and discuss its multiple implications in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF YELLOW-BILLED BABBLER (TURDOIDES AFFINIS) FEATHERS REVEALS UNIFORMITY IN THEIR MICROSTRUCTURES AMONG INDIVIDUALS
Authors:   National Avian Forensic Laboratory, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore – 641108, Tamil Nadu, India, Ray Swapna Devi , Dey Prateek ,   National Avian Forensic Laboratory, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore – 641108, Tamil Nadu, India, Islam Nozrul ,   Vidyasagar Senior Secondary School, Dhubri, Ward No. 15, College Road, P.O: Bidyapara, District: Dhubri, Dhubri-783324, Assam, India, Sharma Sanjeev Kumar ,   National Avian Forensic Laboratory, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore – 641108, Tamil Nadu, India, Pramod Padmanabhan ,   National Avian Forensic Laboratory, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore – 641108, Tamil Nadu, India, Singh Ram Pratap ,   National Avian Forensic Laboratory, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore – 641108, Tamil Nadu, India,   Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya - 824236, Bihar, India
Published: March 2021

Though a few in numbers, investigations on feather microstructures from the early 20th century till date, have contributed immensely to various fields such as phylogeny, palaeontology, archaeology, wildlife forensic, biomechanics and so on. However, existing studies on feather micro-structures of birds endemic to the India/Indian sub-continent are few in number and limited in their scope. Also, no study has ever been conducted to compare feather microstructures of different individuals of a species from India. To address this issue, a comparative feather microstructure study of three individuals of Turdoides affinis, a passerine endemic to the Indian sub-continent was done. Select microstructure parameters for five different types of feathers were studied in detail. The molecular sexing method was used to elucidate the sex of T. affinis individuals for gender based differences if any. Results of the study identified that two of T. affinis individuals were female whereas one of them was male. Morphometrically, tail contour was the longest (9.63±0.76 cm) and bristle were the shortest (1.00±0.07 cm) feather. Semiplume had the longest barb length (1.73±0.04 cm) and shortest barbs (0.16±0.01 cm) were present in bristles. Subpennaceous barbs and knob-shaped villi, characteristic of members of the Passeriformes family, was also observed in all three individuals. This study records no significant difference in feather characteristics amongst the three T. affinis individuals irrespective of the differences in their sex and size. Systematically documented feather micro-characteristics of T. affinis in this study could be used as a species identification tool and would provide baseline data for the feather catalogue of Indian bird species being compiled at SACON.
INFLUENCE OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL BIOSTIMULANTS AND CONVENTIONAL FERTILIZERS ON SOME SOLANACEOUS CROPS FOR GROWTH, PRODUCTIVITY AND NUTRIENT STOICHIOMETRY UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS IN SEMI- ARID REGION OF MAHARASHTRA, INDIA
Authors:   Warkem Biotech Pvt. Limited, Agro Division, Swastik Disha Business Parks, via. Vadhani Industrial Estate, LBS Marg, Mumbai- 400086, Maharashtra, India
Published: March 2021

The main objective of the study was to evaluate the outcome of inoculation with biological consortium culture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species (Aculospora logula, Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus intraradices, Gigaspora margarita, and Scutellospora heterogama) and chemical fertilizers on Solanaceous crops (Solanum tuberosum L. cultivars, Lycopersicum esculentum L. and Solanum melongena L.) under field conditions during Rabi cropping season. The experimental plot was a randomized block design with four replications. The result revealed that gross yield, plant height, number of branches/plant, leaf moisture, leaf area, root length, and dry biomass were positively affected by the inoculation of consortium culture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with 75% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF). Overall, our study shows that inoculation of consortium mycorrhizae with 75% RDF gave better growth, dry biomass, nutrient uptake, and yield of solanaceous crops and reduces the dose of chemical fertilizers to improve sustainable crop production and creates a healthy environment.
Практические рекомендации по лечению рака анального канала и кожи перианальной области
Authors: Гордеев С. С. , Бесова Н. С. , Глебовская В. В. , Горбунова В. А. , Мамедли З. З. , Ткачев С. И. , Федянин М. Ю. , Черных М. В.
Published: March 2021

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Flipped Classrooms for Introductory Computer Programming Courses
Authors:   REMIT, Universidade Portucalense, Porto, Portugal, Sobral Sónia Rolland
Published: March 2021

Teaching and learning how to program are not easy tasks. Disapproval and dropout rates are a concern for everyone concerned with the topic. Therefore, it is necessary to look for strategies that improve the motivation of students who start a programming course, also improving success rates and decreasing dropout rates. The inverted class model, or flipped classroom, has been used in several experiments, showing very good results. The objectives of this teaching-learning technique is to change the traditional order: students have contact with new subjects before the classroom, using videos, texts or other material, as well as small online tests to check their knowledge. In this way, the face-to-face classes are reserved for discussion, doubts and application of previously acquired knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the scientific production on Flipped classrooms in introductory programming courses indexed in Elsevier’s Scopus. The sample is composed by 45 articles in total. The results obtained by bibliometric analysis showed when and where those documents are published, who are the authors and what is the focus of said articles. We also analyzed the most cited documents. We made a summary of the articles, namely in what refers to the sample size of the experiences, which programming language is used, in which universities the articles are made, which technology is used, as well as which methods are used in order to create inverted classes and which are the objectives and results of these experiences reported on the articles.. We managed to get a global view of the theme, getting a strong analysis for those who want to use flipped classrooms for teaching programming.
HER-2 neu expression in surface epithelial ovarian tumors and its relationship with clinic-pathological parameters: a pilot study
Authors: Grover Abhimanyu , Mohanty Madhusmita , Dash Kanakalata
Published: March 2021

Background: Ovarian cancer is one of the major source of morbidity and mortality in women among all gynecological malignancies. Her2/neu expression in ovarian carcinoma has not been studied extensively in ovarian surface epithelial carcinoma. It's can be utilized towards future proposed studies as a targeted therapy in new era of treatment for ovarian malignancies.Methods: It was a prospective study carried for 2 years. Hematoxylin and eosin stain was studied, grading, staging was evaluated for all the cases. Immunohistochemical staining with HER2/neu was done, evaluation done by 3 independent pathologists, correlation of HER2/neu with histological type, grade and stage was done.  Results: The present study included 33 cases of histologically proven epithelial ovarian neoplasm with mean age of 44.5±25.55 years. Serous type constitutes majority of cases (48.48%), maximum number of cases was in high grade (57.57%) and high stage (40.74%). Majority of tumors showed negative expression of HER2/neu i.e. 42.42%. The current study found no significant correlation between HER2/neu expression and histological type, histological grade, extent of tumor (T stage) and distant metastasis. But we found a significant correlation between nodal metastasis and HER2/neu expression.Conclusions: HER2/neu therapy can be given in borderline and low grade tumor compared to high grade tumor.
Perfil de riesgo de desastres por evento sísmico de Ecuador
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: March 2021

La gestión del riesgo de desastres es una de las actividades fundamentales de los gobiernos de países que se encuentran en zonas de alta amenazas a fenómenos de la naturaleza como sismos o eventos hidro-meteorológicos. La experiencia reciente ha demostrado que es posible reducir considerablemente los impactos generados por eventos catastróficos en términos de daños a la infraestructura, pérdidas económicas y afectaciones humanas, implementando medidas de mitigación del riesgo, protección financiera y planes y acciones para las emergencias y reconstrucciones. Para esto es necesario contar con información confiable para estimar las amenazas, el inventario de activos expuestos y la vulnerabilidad de las tipologías constructivas dominantes; componentes con los cuales se llevan a cabo las evaluaciones probabilistas del riesgo. La evaluación del riesgo proporciona información sobre los eventuales impactos de desastres y la efectividad de las diferentes opciones de reducción o mitigación. Ecuador cuenta con registros históricos de sismos de gran magnitud debido a su localización, donde los procesos de subducción son predominantes y tienen el potencial de generar terremotos de altas magnitudes a cortas distancias de centros poblados, afectando drásticamente la infraestructura, la población y la economía del país . Los registros históricos indican que en los últimos 500 años se han presentado varios eventos con alto número de víctimas fatales y considerables pérdidas económicas. Sismos como el de 1797 o los de 1868 que generaron aproximadamente 40 mil y 70 mil víctimas y los sismos de 1987 y el de 2016 con pérdidas económicas estimadas en US$1.000 millones de dólares . Estos eventos han generado importantes impactos en la economía del país y en los niveles de desarrollo, con situaciones de emergencia de difícil superación y largos procesos de recuperación y reconstrucción. El Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo mediante el fondo especial japones aprobó la cooperación técnica “Apoyo para garantizar la resistencia de los sistemas de infraestructura y de servicios públicos después del terremoto en Ecuador” en el 2016, para generar un plan de acción que implementen medidas de resiliencia sísmica en la infraestructura y servicios públicos ante posibles eventos futuros.
Gender and Transport in Haiti: Gender Diagnostic and Gender Action Plan
Authors: Gandini Camilla , Monje Silva Andrea , Guerrero Pablo
Published: March 2021

This technical note encompasses Haiti's gender assessment, evaluates the success of gender specific actions implemented between 2011-2017, and presents a Gender and Transport Action Plan (GAP). The GAPs main aim is to guide investments in Haiti's transport sector in conceptualizing and designing gender-sensitive transport projects. By proposing specific gender actions and outcomes, the GAP establishes a clear path to integrate a gender dimension into operations design, implementation and, monitoring and evaluation. The GAP presents an overall plan to support the development of Haitian women. However, it focuses in the needs of women as transport services users and devotes specific attention to two female sub-groups, comprised by Haitian women engaged in informal trade of local and regional products. These women are known as Madan Sara (MS), and local female mango producers and traders (MPT). The decision of focusing on MS is related to their vital role in the Haitian local labor market and the peculiarity of their work, which has specific transport needs. Understanding and addressing these female groups transport constrains could strategically improve the outcomes of upcoming transport investments and bring more benefits to its beneficiaries.
De la máquina al mecanicismo
Authors: Laguna Rogelio
Published: March 2021

En el presente artículo presentamos una breve historia del proceso de construcción del modelo mecanicista moderno (S. XVII) a partir de la noción de máquina. Al revisar los elementos fundamentales que constituyen el mecanicismo se busca identificar las limitaciones, retos y problemas que están involucrados en este sistema explicativo. También se quiere resaltar brevemente la importancia que esta manera de ver el mundo provocó en los ideales y compromisos que muchos pensadores defendieron y sostuvieron en el proyecto de la Modernidad.
Constitutional status of persons who are not citizens of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Saratov State University, Bezuglov Andrei D.
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The constitutional and legal status of persons who are not citizens of Russia is directly related to their political, social, personal and economic rights and freedoms. This raises the problem of correctly determining the status of persons who do not have Russian citizenship due to the fact that the legislation contains many provisions covering the totality of legal relations related to the status of a foreign citizen and a stateless person, where the personal and social rights of a person do not depend on his / her citizenship of another state. Theoretical analysis. The article examines the content of the constitutional status of non-citizens on the territory of Russia. It follows from the content of the first chapter of the Constitution of the Russian Federation that the concept of personality includes any person who is both a citizen and a foreign citizen, or a stateless person, therefore, the rights and obligations established in relation to a person apply to non-citizens. Empirical analysis. The analysis of many rights guaranteed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation revealed that they are not related to citizenship and apply to all people, therefore, non-citizens should have the ability, enshrined at the constitutional level, to protect their rights in case of their violation by contacting state bodies and local self-government bodies. Results. Non-citizens enjoy the rights and bear obligations on the equal basis with the citizens of the Russian Federation, taking into account the peculiarities and restrictions established by federal laws and international treaties. There is a promising opportunity to improve Russian legislation by identifying an independent term of “non-citizens”, which will unite foreign citizens and stateless persons in order to implement comprehensive legal regulation for this category of persons.
The idea of the right of resistance to oppression in the Eastern political, legal and religious thought
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Strogov Nikita D.
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The triumph of liberal democracy in developed countries did not reduce the protest activity of citizens, revolutions and uprisings are still a phenomenon of modern time. The issue of the essence and mechanism of exercising the right of resistance (right of rebellion, right of revolution, iusresistendi) is becoming relevant, which also requires a historical analysis of Eastern political, legal and religious thought. Theoretical analysis. The author found out that the doctrine of the right of resistance is not the concept developed exclusively by Western lawyers and philosophers. Representatives of Chinese philosophical and Islamic religious thought made a significant contribution to the development of the idea of iusresistendi. The author concludes that there is no significant contribution of legal scholars from African countries in defining the essence of the right of resistance. Еmpirical analysis. The author conducted a comparative analysis of the teachings and legislation of several countries, which allows to solve the issue of the possibility of recognising criteria for legitimizing forms of resistance to oppression and the mechanism for their exisicing by acts and international documents in the future. Results. The idea of the right to resist oppression is fully reflected in Eastern political, legal and religious thought, which means its independence and self-sufficiency. The author revealed the essence of this right formulated by philosophers, jurists and authors of international law documents, the criteria for legitimizing resistance.
Government information policy and the dynamics of federal funding for the dissemination of US research and development results
Authors:   Ryazan State Agrotechnological University Named after P. A. Kostychev, Minat Valerij N.
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The traditionally high level of government participation in scientific and technical, innovation and implementation and foreign trade activities of the United States presupposes the active nature of federal funding for activities and information policy instruments related to the dissemination of the results of American R&D both in the national economy and in the international market. The study of the dynamics and structure of the distribution of allocations for the dissemination of special scientific and technical information and documentation is an urgent socio-economic problem, reflecting the level of scientific and technological development of the United States and the innovative activity of advanced sectors of the national economy for a long period of time. The theoretical analysis was carried out in the context of organizational and administrative institutions of the federal government (specialized departments), endowed with financial powers, subordinate to the central body generating a unified US information policy strategy for the dissemination of R&D results. An empirical analysis based on US official statistics made it possible to assess the specifics of financing scientific and technical information in the field of R&D by types, categories and departments – domestically for 1965–2019, as well as to calculate changes in the balance of US foreign trade with scientific and technical information and documentation in 2001–2019. Results. The general resulting conclusion is that any innovative information on the results of R&D provides a certain monopoly for a certain period, which gives the industry that created and introduced it, the department and the country as a whole, a certain advantage in the export of a new product. Since the United States has the most powerful national financial and innovation system among all states, with a developed structure, it provides its economic residents and their counterparties with ample opportunities for conducting fundamental and applied research and development and, of course, has an advantage in the production of innovative products with high competitiveness both in the domestic and in the global market, subject to the classic price-quality ratio.
Small Chain Fatty Acid Phenylbutyric Acid Alleviated Inflammation-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Illiandri Oski
Published: March 2021

Endothelial cells (EC) have dynamic properties and high plasticity in response to microenvironmental change. A proinflammatory cytokine such as tumor necrotizing factor-α (TNF-α) can induce EC phenotype shift to osteoinduction properties by releasing a potent osteogenic cytokine, namely bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). Normally BMP2 acts as an osteoblast stimulating factor in bone and cartilage tissue. BMP2 activation in vascular tissue will invite osteoblast recruitment and mineralization and generated pathological vascular stiffening and calcification. Recently, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has been emerging as a new target therapy in many vascular diseases such as vascular stiffening and calcification. Some short-chain fatty acid like 4-phenyl butyric acid has been shown had anti-ERS properties. However, the role of 4-phenyl butyric acid in BMP2 inhibition in endothelial cells is still poorly understood. Hence, we investigated the role of 4-phenyl butyric acid in inflammation-induced BMP2 expression in human vein derived endothelial cells. Endothelial cells obtained from a baby born umbilical vein were cultured and pre-treated with TNF-α (5 ng/ml) as inflammation precondition. Multiple doses of 4-phenyl butyrate acid (4- PBA) 1 nM/mL, 2 nM/mL, and 3 nM/m were used as ERS inhibitors. The expression of two ERS biomarkers, glucose-related protein-8 (GRP78) and activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6), were measured. Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis tests, and P<0.01 considered as significant. 4- PBA decrease luminal BMP2 at dose one nM/L, GRP78 at dose 1 nM/L, and translocated ATF6 expression at dose 1 nM/L in endothelial culture dose-dependently. Short-chain fatty acid 4-phenylbutyrate acid decreases luminal ERS marker GRP78 and translocated ATF6 expression in endothelial culture. ERS has a role in osteoinductive phenotype shifting in inflammation endothelial cells, which was the novelty of this research. Further research needs to elucidate ERS inhibition in in vivo experiment.
High-Risk Sexual Behaviors Among Transgender Individuals in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Jalali Nadoushan Amir Hossein , Bahramian Alaleh , Taban Mojgan , Taban Mojgan , Alavi Kaveh , Sharifi Hamid , Shokoohi Mostafa , Eftekhar Ardebili Mehrdad
Published: March 2021

Global evidence indicates that transgender people are disproportionately at risk for HIV infection. However, limited data are available characterizing sexual behaviors and HIV infection among transgender people in Iran. This study aims to determine the prevalence of high-risk sexual behaviors and HIV infection among transgender people in Iran. In 2009, we assessed data of 58 transgender individuals (41 female-to-male (FTM) and 17 male-to-female (MTF)). Their demographic characteristics and risky sexual behaviors, and other risky behaviors such as substance use were gathered using a structured questionnaire. Rapid tests were used to confirm HIV seropositivity. Fifty-four participants who provided blood samples, none were positive (exact 95% confidence intervals: 0.0, 0.07). 75.6% of FTM and 64.7% of MTF reported having sex in the past six months, respectively. Of the sample who reported having sex in the past six months (n=42), only 19% reported using condoms. No participants reported a history of injection. In this study of HIV infection among a small sample of transgender people in Iran, no one was HIV positive. Some reasons for these findings can be outlined as a lack of history of intravenous drug use and related behaviors, limited high-risk relationships and behaviors, and the limited number of males among the samples.
Evaluation of M-Health Applications Use in Epilepsy: A Systematic Review
Authors: MOHAMMADZADEH Niloofar , KHENARINEZHAD Sahar , GHAZANFARISAVADKOOHI Ehsan , SAFARI Mohammad Saleh , PAHLEVANYNEJAD Shahrbanoo
Published: March 2021

Background: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by seizures and recurrent attacks. Selfmanagement leads to seizure control and maximizes the quality of life in epileptic patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of applications available in the epileptic google play store based on the rating features of MARS (Mobile Applications Rating Scale).
Methods: The search was conducted systematically using the keywords "epilepsy", "seizure", "mobile health" at the Android google play store. Data were extracted and analyzed from Feb 2018 to Apr 2019.
Results: Accordingly, 45 apps were identified potentially relevant of which 20 met inclusion criteria. Twentyfive apps were excluded because they were unrelated to epilepsy self-management, or not Development for people with epilepsy, not in English language or were not free and available. The total mean MARS score was 3.21 out of 5, and more than half of apps (17, 85%) had a minimum acceptability score of 3.0. The mean of apps’ items were 3.27 in Engagement, 3.96 in function, 3.30 in Aesthetics, 2.96 in Information and 2.73 in subjective quality items.
Conclusion: Few apps meet prespecified criteria for quality, content, and functionality for epilepsy selfmanagement. Despite the rapid evolution of self-management apps, lack of validation studies is a significant concern that limits the clinical value of these apps. Moreover, having a guideline and benchmarking in the field of mobile application development, in epilepsy management, can help analyze the content of established applications.
Seroprevalence of Cystic Echinococcosis Using Recombinant Antigen B-ELISA in North Khorasan Province, Northeast of Iran
Authors: SHAFIEI Reza , TAGHASI Fatemeh , HASHEMI Seyed Ahmad , PANAHI Yaser , AREFKHAH Nasir , OMIDIAN Mostafa , ARIANFAR Farzane , MOSTAFAVI-POUR Zohreh , SARKARI Bahador
Published: March 2021

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most important helminthic parasitic diseases in Iran. The current study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of CE in North Khorasan Province, Northeast of Iran in 2018.
Methods: The study was carried out in seven cities of North Khorasan Province. Venous blood samples were collected from 932 individuals referring to health centers of those seven cities. A questionnaire was used to obtain the data regarding the subject's gender, age, residence and risk factors linked to the hydatid cyst. Sera samples were evaluated for anti-hydatid cyst antibodies in an ELISA system, using a recombinant B8/1 antigen of E. granulosus.
Results: Of the 932 recruited subjects, 496 (53.2%) were male and 436 (46.8%) were female. The range of participants’ age was between 11 to 83 yr old and the mean age of the subjects was 35.4 (±12.7) years. Anti-hydatid cyst antibodies were detected in the sera of 37 out of 932 subjects, corresponding to a seroprevalence rate of 3.96%. From these, 20 (54.05%) were male and 17 (45.95%) were female. There were no associations between seropositivity to hydatid cyst and age, the gender of the participants, residential areas and having contact with dogs (P>0.05).
Conclusion: CE is relatively prevalent throughout the North Khorasan Province in the Northeast of Iran. Rate of CE infection in this Province is somewhat similar to the rate of infection in other parts of the country.
Association between Peanut Consumption and Temporomandibular Disorders in a Sample of the South Korean Population
Authors: CHOI Hyungkil , LEE Jeong-Woo , YUN Kyoung-In
Published: March 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
práticas sexuais e o cuidado com a saúde pelos olhares de adolescentes cabo-verdianos e brasileiros
Authors: Marinho Julio Cesar Bresolin , Silva João Alberto da
Published: March 2021

A saúde do adolescente tem sido pauta de discussões visto que esses sujeitos configuram-se como vulneráveis. Nesse trabalho tratamos da temática das práticas sexuais e procuramos analisar as percepções morais e éticas de adolescentes sobre a questão. A pesquisa é qualitativa e configurou-se como explicativa. Foram realizados cinco grupos focais tendo como instrumentos de coleta de dados os dilemas morais. Participaram 45 adolescentes de Cabo-Verde e Brasil. Observamos que os adolescentes tinham conhecimento sobre os comportamentos saudáveis no que tange às práticas sexuais. No entanto, isso não se configurou como garantia de que esse domínio da informação fosse suficiente para balizar a conduta do sujeito, pois não podemos pensar a racionalidade e a afetividade de forma seccionada. Pode-se saber o que fazer e querer, mas a intensidade desta vontade (força de vontade) é fundamental e vinculada à afetividade.
Great Britain and Processes of the European Integration after Euro Crisis
Authors: Andreeva T.
Published: March 2021

The paper is devoted to the Great Britain's stance on the promoting of European integration towards creation of a federal state, after the euro crisis. It focuses on advantages and losses of the British policy in the EU. There are standpoints and views of four main political parties of Great Britain on the country's secession from the EU as well as the results of both local elections and elections for the European Parliament which reveal the rise of the right secessionist and anti-European moods in British society. The author also considers the European nations' present views and attitudes to the European idea. The following questions are answered in the article: Do the anti-European moods exert the crucial and lasting effect on British European policy? Is it better and more profitable for Britain to stay within the organization taking an active part in the integration process, or to withdraw from it?
Polymeric Nanocarriers: A Transformation in Doxorubicin Therapies
Authors: Butowska Kamila , Woziwodzka Anna , Borowik Agnieszka , Piosik Jacek
Published: March 2021

Doxorubicin, a member of the anthracycline family, is a common anticancer agent often used as a first line treatment for the wide spectrum of cancers. Doxorubicin-based chemotherapy, although effective, is associated with serious side effects, such as irreversible cardiotoxicity or nephrotoxicity. Those often life-threatening adverse risks, responsible for the elongation of the patients' recuperation period and increasing medical expenses, have prompted the need for creating novel and safer drug delivery systems. Among many proposed concepts, polymeric nanocarriers are shown to be a promising approach, allowing for controlled and selective drug delivery simultaneously enhancing its activity towards cancerous cells and reducing toxic effects on healthy tissues. This article is a chronological examination of the history of the work progress on polymeric nanostructures, designed as efficient doxorubicin nanocarriers, with the emphasis on the main achievements of 2010-2020. Numerous publications have been reviewed to provide an essential summation of the nanopolymer types and their essential properties, mechanisms towards efficient drug delivery, as well as active targeting stimuli-responsive strategies that are currently utilized in the doxorubicin transportation field.
Economic Risk Assessment of Climate Change at the Urban Scale: The Case of Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: de Wit Martin , Rawlins Jonty , Petrie Belynda
Published: March 2021

Estimating the economic risks of climate shocks and climate stressors on spatially heterogeneous cities over time remain highly challenging. The purpose of this paper is to present a practical methodology to assess the economic risks of climate change in developing cities to inform spatially sensitive municipal climate response strategies. Building on a capital-based framework (CBF), spatially disaggregated baseline and future scenario scores for economic wealth and its exposure to climate change are developed for six different classes of capital and across 77 major suburbs in Cape Town, South Africa. Capital-at-risk was calculated by combining relative exposure and capital scores across different scenarios and with population impacted plotted against the major suburbs and the city’s 8 main planning districts. The economic risk assessment presented here provides a generic approach to assist investment planning and the implementation of adaptation options through an enhanced understanding of relative levels of capital endowment vis-à-vis relative levels of exposure to climate-related hazards over time. An informed climate response strategy in spatially heterogeneous cities need to include spatially sensitive estimates on capital-at-risk and populations disproportionally impacted by climate exposure over time. The economic risk assessment approach presented here helps in advancing to such a goal.
Identification and Biotyping of Pythium insidiosum Isolated from Urban and Rural Areas of Thailand by Multiplex PCR, DNA Barcode, and Proteomic Analyses
Authors: Mar Htun Zin , Laikul Aree , Pathomsakulwong Watcharapol , Yurayart Chompoonek , Lohnoo Tassanee , Yingyong Wanta , Kumsang Yothin , Payattikul Penpan , Sae-Chew Pattarana , Rujirawat Thidarat , Jittorntam Paisan , Jaturapaktrarak Chalisa , Chongtrakool Piriyaporn , Krajaejun Theerapong
Published: March 2021

Pythium insidiosum causes pythiosis, a fatal infectious disease of humans and animals worldwide. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to improve the clinical outcome of pythiosis. Diagnosis of P. insidiosum relies on immunological, molecular, and proteomic assays. The main treatment of pythiosis aims to surgically remove all affected tissue to prevent recurrent infection. Due to the marked increase in case reports, pythiosis has become a public health concern. Thailand is an endemic area of human pythiosis. To obtain a complete picture of how the pathogen circulates in the environment, we surveyed the presence of P. insidiosum in urban (Bangkok) and rural areas of Thailand. We employed the hair-baiting technique to screen for P. insidiosum in 500 water samples. Twenty-seven culture-positive samples were identified as P. insidiosum by multiplex PCR, multi-DNA barcode (rDNA, cox1, cox2), and mass spectrometric analyses. These environmental strains of P. insidiosum fell into clade-I and -II genotypes and exhibited a close phylogenetic/proteomic relationship with Thai clinical strains. Biodiversity of the environmental strains also existed in a local habitat. In conclusion, P. insidiosum is widespread in Thailand. A better understanding of the ecological niche of P. insidiosum could lead to the effective prevention and control of this pathogen.
Gorham-Stout Disease Resulting in Spinal Deformity Treated by Fusion Surgery Combined With Everolimus Therapy
Authors: Toga Akira , Watanabe Kota , Suzuki Satoshi , Nori Satoshi , Tsuji Osahiko , Nagoshi Narihito , Okada Eijiro , Yagi Mitsuru , Fujita Nobuyuki , Nakamura Masaya , Matsumoto Morio
Published: March 2021

Case:

Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) is a rare disorder characterized by progressive localized osteolysis and lymphatic malformation. A 26-year-old woman with GSD presented to our hospital with a Cobb angle of 100° and a kyphosis angle of 88°. Everolimus therapy was initiated to control the disease prior to surgery. After halo-gravity traction for 4 weeks, we performed anterior and posterior spinal fusion. Postoperative computed tomography revealed satisfactory bone union and no significant loss of correction 1 year post-surgery.

Conclusion:

This case suggests that anterior and posterior spinal fusion combined with everolimus therapy can be a therapeutic option for GSD.
Impact of Psychic Traumatization on the Development of Musicians’ Dystonia: Six Exploratory Case Studies
Authors: Schneider Johann , Scholz Daniel S , Altenmüller Eckart
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE: Musician’s dystonia represents a special case of focal dystonia. It is described as a task-specific movement disorder which presents itself as muscular incoordination or loss of voluntary fine-motor control of extensively trained movements while a musician is playing
the instrument. Several triggering factors have been identified, such as overuse, chronic pain, perfectionism, and anxiety disorders. As a common feature, dysfunctional self-management and stress-coping mechanisms are at the root of the aforementioned behaviors. Based on long-term experience
from our musicians’ medicine outpatient clinic, we hypothesized that early psychic or somatic traumatization may be an underlying mechanism and therefore contribute essentially to focal dystonia. METHODS: In a qualitative study, we investigated the role of early traumatization as a potential
cause of motor failures, such as musician’s dystonia, employing an episodic interview on a sample of six professional musicians (age 30–57 yrs, 5:1 M:F) suffering from musician’s dystonia. RESULTS: Using grounded theory methodology, we were able to derive one generalized
etiological model describing contributing factors in the etiological understanding of focal dystonia from the six case studies. The qualitative interviews clearly revealed that all patients experienced early psychic traumatizations, including violence and parents’ substance abuse. CONCLUSIONS:
In this small sample, we theorize that in-depth, early traumatization most probably led to a dysfunctional stress-coping mechanism. We therefore propose in our model that there are two types of motor failures, one linked to stressful experiences, dysfunctional coping behaviors, and increased
muscle tone, and one linked to genetic susceptibility of the motor-system without psychological triggering factors.
Lower Limb Takeoff Mechanics During a Leap in Dancers With and Without Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendinopathy
Authors: Shih Hai-Jung Steffi , Rowley K Michael , Kulig Kornelia
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE: Altered ground reaction force (GRF) and joint torsional stiffness are associated with various lower extremity injuries, but these have yet to be examined in dancers with flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendinopathy. Additionally, a simple, field-friendly kinematic correlate
to ground contact kinetics would be useful for clinical application. The purpose of this study was to compare lower extremity biomechanics during takeoff of a dance leap (saut de chat) in dancers with and without FHL tendinopathy, and to examine lower limb posture at initial contact as a clinical
correlate of injury-related kinetic factors. METHODS: Motion capture and inverse dynamics were used to analyze saut de chat takeoff performed by 11 uninjured dancers and 8 dancers with FHL tendinopathy. GRF parameters, joint torsional stiffness of the metatarsophalangeal, ankle, and knee joints,
and lower extremity posture at initial contact were compared between groups using Welch’s t-tests. RESULTS: Dancers with FHL tendinopathy maintained similar jump height as the uninjured dancers, but exhibited lower peak vertical GRF, longer time to peak force, and less joint torsional
stiffness at the metatarsophalangeal, ankle, and knee joints during loading response of the takeoff step. Lower extremity contact angle was smaller and the horizontal distance between center-of-mass and center-of-pressure was greater in dancers with FHL tendinopathy. These two measures of
lower limb posture at initial contact were significantly correlated with kinetic factors occurring later in ground contact (R2=0.29-0.51). CONCLUSION: Dancers with FHL tendinopathy demonstrated altered lower extremity kinetics during takeoff of a leap compared to uninjured dancers, which may
contribute to, or be a compensation response to, injury
Petrogenesis and Geodynamic Implications of a Newly Discovered Basanite Dike in Zaolin, Jingdezhen City, South China
Authors: Pan Xiaofei , Ren Yufeng , Hou Zengqian , Ouyang Yongpeng , Gong Xuejing , Li Qiuyun , Yang Yanshen
Published: March 2021

A recently discovered basanite dike in the Zaolin area of Jingdezhen, South China, contains mantle xenocrysts such as kink-banded olivines, olivines + orthopyroxenes assemblage, and chromites. In addition, polymorphic carbonates of the MgCO3–FeCO3 series occur as augens, either independently or interspersed with diopside and spinel in the matrix. The rock is characterized by high Cr and Ni contents, high whole-rock Mg# values (0.66–0.72), and high Ca/Al (0.72–1.03) and TFeO/MgO (1.1–1.3) ratios and is alkali-rich with Na2O > K2O. The trace-element partition patterns are similar to those of other basanites in eastern China as well as ocean island basalts. Whole-rock geochemical analyses show depleted Sr and Nd isotopic compositions (86Sr/87Sr=0.70358–0.703853, εNd=2.52–6.73). These data indicate that the rock has experienced negligible crustal contamination, should be derived from asthenospheric mantle, or mixed by the MORB with EMI/EMII mantle and have been carbonated. The calculated T–P conditions of the melt in equilibrium with xeno-olivine are 1160–1320°C at the mantle depth. The high Cr# values of the spinel xenocrysts indicate that the lithospheric mantle under the Jingdezhen area was probably relict Proterozoic mantle. The Ar–Ar plateau age and the isochron and inverse isochron ages for the matrix of the basanite are all 44 Ma. The basanite, as well as other alkaline basalt or lamprophyre dikes in southeastern China, formed in a rifting regime during the Eocene.
Experimental Investigation on the Impact Dynamics of Saturated Granular Flows on Rigid Barriers
Authors: Sanvitale Nicoletta , Bowman Elisabeth , Cabrera Miguel Angel
Published: March 2021

Debris flows involve the high-speed downslope motion of rocks, soil, and water. Their high flow velocity and high potential for impact loading make them one of the most hazardous types of gravitational mass flows. This study focused on the roles of particle size grading and degree of fluid saturation on impact behavior of fluid-saturated granular flows on a model rigid barrier in a small-scale flume. The use of a transparent debris-flow model and plane laser-induced fluorescence allowed the motion of particles and fluid within the medium to be examined and tracked using image processing. In this study, experiments were conducted on flows consisting of two uniform and one well-graded particle size gradings at three different fluid contents. The evolution of the velocity profiles, impact load, bed normal pressure, and fluid pore pressure for the different flows were measured and analyzed in order to gain a quantitative comparison of their behavior before, during, and after impact.