bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of metastasis-directed therapy of bone oligometastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Rogowski Paul , Trapp Christian , von Bestenbostel Rieke , Schmidt-Hegemann Nina-Sophie , Shi Run , Ilhan Harun , Kretschmer Alexander , Stief Christian , Ganswindt Ute , Belka Claus , Li Minglun
Published: June 2021

Background

The aim of this work was to investigate the outcome of metastasis-directed radiotherapy (MDT) in prostate cancer patients with bone metastases following current ESTRO/EORTC subclassifications for oligometastatic disease.

Methods

Clinical data of 80 consecutive oligometastatic patients with 115 bone lesions receiving MDT between 2011 and 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. Hormone-sensitive (77.5%) and castrate-resistant (22.5%) patients were included. MDT was delivered with conventional fractionated or stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) techniques. Kaplan–Meier method, log rank test, as well as Cox regression were used to calculate local control (LC) and biochemical and clinical progression-free survival (bPFS/cPFS).

Results

At the time of MDT 31% of patients had de-novo synchronous oligometastatic disease, 46% had de-novo metachronous oligorecurrence after primary treatment and 23% had either de-novo oligoprogressive disease, repeat oligometastatic disease or induced oligometastatic disease. The median BED3 was 93.3 Gy (range 75.8–95.3 Gy). Concomitant ADT was administered in 69% of patients. After a median follow-up of 23 months the median bPFS and cPFS were 16.5 and 21.5 months, respectively. The 2-year LC rate was 98.3%. In multivariate analysis, age ≤ 70 (HR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.20–5.62, p = 0.015) and concomitant ADT (HR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.12–0.58, p = 0.001) significantly correlated with cPFS. Category of oligometastatic disease and hormone-sensitivity were predictive for cPFS in univariate analysis. Of 45 patients with biochemical relapse, nineteen patients (42.2%) had repeat oligometastatic disease. Fourteen patients (31%) underwent a second course of MDT. No patients experienced grade ≥ 3 toxicities.

Conclusions

MDT is safe and offers high local control rates in bone oligometastases of prostate cancer. At 2 years after treatment, more than 2 out of 5 patients are progression-free.

Trial registration Retrospectively registered.
Two novel variants in DYRK1B causative of AOMS3: expanding the clinical spectrum
Authors: Mendoza-Caamal Elvia C. , Barajas-Olmos Francisco , Mirzaeicheshmeh Elaheh , Ilizaliturri-Flores Ian , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A. , Gómez-Velasco Donaji V. , Cicerón-Arellano Isabel , Reséndiz-Rodríguez Adriana , Martínez-Hernández Angélica , Contreras-Cubas Cecilia , Islas-Andrade Sergio , Zerrweck Carlos , García-Ortiz Humberto , Orozco Lorena
Published: June 2021

Background

We investigated pathogenic DYRK1B variants causative of abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome 3 (AOMS3) in a group of patients originally diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. All DYRK1B exons were analyzed in a sample of 509 unrelated adults with type 2 diabetes and 459 controls, all belonging to the DMS1 SIGMA-cohort (ExAC). We performed in silico analysis on missense variants using Variant Effect Predictor software. To evaluate co-segregation, predicted pathogenic variants were genotyped in other family members. We performed molecular dynamics analysis for the co-segregating variants.

Results

After filtering, Mendelian genotypes were confirmed in two probands bearing two novel variants, p.Arg252His and p.Lys68Gln. Both variants co-segregated with the AOMS3 phenotype in classic dominant autosomal inheritance with full penetrance. In silico analysis revealed impairment of the DYRK1B protein function by both variants. For the first time, we describe age-dependent variable expressivity of this entity, with central obesity and insulin resistance apparent in childhood; morbid obesity, severe hypertriglyceridemia, and labile type 2 diabetes appearing before 40 years of age; and hypertension emerging in the fifth decade of life. We also report the two youngest individuals suffering from AOMS3.

Conclusions

Monogenic forms of metabolic diseases could be misdiagnosed and should be suspected in families with several affected members and early-onset metabolic phenotypes that are difficult to control. Early diagnostic strategies and medical interventions, even before symptoms or complications appear, could be useful.
Mortality beyond emergency threshold in a silent crisis– results from a population-based mortality survey in Ouaka prefecture, Central African Republic, 2020
Authors: Robinson Eve , Lee Lawrence , Roberts Leslie F. , Poelhekke Aurelie , Charles Xavier , Ouabo Adelaide , Vyncke Jorieke , Ariti Cono , Gbanzi Mariette Claudia Adame , Ouakouma Martial Tanguy , Gray Nell , Daly Maura , White Kate , Templeman Sam , Hejdenberg Mia , Hersevoort Maaike , Pena Sibyl Jade , Kuehne Anna
Published: June 2021

Background

The Central African Republic (CAR) suffers a protracted conflict and has the second lowest human development index in the world. Available mortality estimates vary and differ in methodology. We undertook a retrospective mortality study in the Ouaka prefecture to obtain reliable mortality data.

Methods

We conducted a population-based two-stage cluster survey from 9 March to 9 April, 2020 in Ouaka prefecture. We aimed to include 64 clusters of 12 households for a required sample size of 3636 persons. We assigned clusters to communes proportional to population size and then used systematic random sampling to identify cluster starting points from a dataset of buildings in each commune. In addition to the mortality survey questions, we included an open question on challenges faced by the household.

Results

We completed 50 clusters with 591 participating households including 4000 household members on the interview day. The median household size was 7 (interquartile range (IQR): 4—9). The median age was 12 (IQR: 5—27). The birth rate was 59.0/1000 population (95% confidence interval (95%-CI): 51.7—67.4).

The crude and under-five mortality rates (CMR & U5MR) were 1.33 (95%-CI: 1.09—1.61) and 1.87 (95%-CI: 1.37–2.54) deaths/10,000 persons/day, respectively. The most common specified causes of death were malaria/fever (16.0%; 95%-CI: 11.0–22.7), violence (13.2%; 95%-CI: 6.3–25.5), diarrhoea/vomiting (10.6%; 95%-CI: 6.2–17.5), and respiratory infections (8.4%; 95%-CI: 4.6–14.8). The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) was 2525/100,000 live births (95%-CI: 825—5794). Challenges reported by households included health problems and access to healthcare, high number of deaths, lack of potable water, insufficient means of subsistence, food insecurity and violence.

Conclusions

The CMR, U5MR and MMR exceed previous estimates, and the CMR exceeds the humanitarian emergency threshold. Violence is a major threat to life, and to physical and mental wellbeing. Other causes of death speak to poor living conditions and poor access to healthcare and preventive measures, corroborated by the challenges reported by households. Many areas of CAR face similar challenges to Ouaka. If these results were generalisable across CAR, the country would suffer one of the highest mortality rates in the world, a reminder that the longstanding “silent crisis” continues.
T-cell receptor-based therapy: an innovative therapeutic approach for solid tumors
Authors: Tsimberidou Apostolia-Maria , Van Morris Karlyle , Vo Henry Hiep , Eck Stephen , Lin Yu-Feng , Rivas Jorge Mauricio , Andersson Borje S.
Published: June 2021

T-cell receptor (TCR)-based adoptive therapy employs genetically modified lymphocytes that are directed against specific tumor markers. This therapeutic modality requires a structured and integrated process that involves patient screening (e.g., for HLA-A*02:01 and specific tumor targets), leukapheresis, generation of transduced TCR product, lymphodepletion, and infusion of the TCR-based adoptive therapy. In this review, we summarize the current technology and early clinical development of TCR-based therapy in patients with solid tumors. The challenges of TCR-based therapy include those associated with TCR product manufacturing, patient selection, and preparation with lymphodepletion. Overcoming these challenges, and those posed by the immunosuppressive microenvironment, as well as developing next-generation strategies is essential to improving the efficacy and safety of TCR-based therapies. Optimization of technology to generate TCR product, treatment administration, and patient monitoring for adverse events is needed. The implementation of novel TCR strategies will require expansion of the TCR approach to patients with HLA haplotypes beyond HLA-A*02:01 and the discovery of novel tumor markers that are expressed in more patients and tumor types. Ongoing clinical trials will determine the ultimate role of TCR-based therapy in patients with solid tumors.
The effects of home confinement on pediatric fractures during the COVID 19 outbreak
Authors: Li Jun , Yuan Xiaowei , Cao Yinqiang , Liu Tao , Gou Pan , Li Xiang , Li Ming , Liu Xing
Published: June 2021

Objective

To control the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the Chinese government encouraged people to stay at home. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of home confinement on the occurrence of fractures among children.

Study design

We retrospectively reviewed children admitted to Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, for traumatic injury from January 24 to March 10, 2020, and the same time period in 2017, 2018 and 2019. At the same time, children with fracture were screened out and the date for the past 4 years was compared in terms of etiology, location of fracture, sex and age to evaluate the effects of home confinement on the epidemiology of pediatric fractures during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Results

There were 6066 fractures in5,346 patients in 2017–2019, and 1034 fractures in 862 patients in 2020; the number of patients in all years reached a peak at the age of 2 to 4 years. The patients were slightly younger in 2020 than in 2017–2019 (t = 9.953, 95% CI: 0.846–1.262), and the proportion of boys in 2017–2019 is higher than in 2020 (X2 = 6.944, P = 0.008). Home confinement and traffic restriction resulted in a reduction in traffic accidents-associated fractures among children (X2 = 16.399, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Home confinement lead to the significant reduction in the number of pediatric fractures, especially in male children, but the number of patients under 4 years old was still considerable, and the proportion of younger patients even increased. Therefore, the perspective of children should not be relaxed during home isolation.
Predictors of congenital anomalies among newborns in Arsi zone public hospitals, Southeast Ethiopia: a case-control study
Authors: Jemal Sudi , Fentahun Engidaw , Oumer Mohammed , Muche Abebe
Published: June 2021

Background

Congenital anomaly is a partial or complete structural and/or functional defect during intrauterine life. Globally, major congenital anomalies account for 6% of all newborns among which about 94% of cases occurred in developing countries. In spite of its public health importance, very limited studies are reported in Ethiopia, and hardly any study in Arsi Zone.

Objectives

To determine the predictors of congenital anomalies among newborns in Arsi Zone Public Hospitals, Southeast Ethiopia.

Methods

A multi-center institutional-based case-control study was conducted in 418 (105 cases and 313 controls) of newborns in Arsi Zone Public Hospitals. Descriptive analysis, binary and multivariable logistic regressions were implemented.

Results

In this study, women who have been drinking alcohol during pregnancy were 3.48 times more prone to have newborns with congenital anomalies than their counterparts (AOR = 3.48; 95% CI: 1.38, 8.74). The likelihood of having a newborn with congenital anomalies was six and four times higher for women who had a maternal illness (AOR = 6.10; 95%CI: 2.39, 15.57) and chewing khat during pregnancy (AOR = 4; 95%CI: 1.49, 10.65), respectively. Moreover, the lack of folic acid supplementation and pesticides during pregnancy were 3.25 and 4.76 times more likely to experience a newborn with congenital anomalies, respectively.

Conclusion

Alcohol drinking, maternal illness, khat chewing, and chemical exposure during pregnancy had a significant association with the occurrence of congenital anomalies. While, taking folic acid supplements had a protective effect. Health experts and the community should take these factors into consideration and act accordingly.
B-line quantification: comparing learners novice to lung ultrasound assisted by machine artificial intelligence technology to expert review
Authors: Russell Frances M. , Ehrman Robert R. , Barton Allen , Sarmiento Elisa , Ottenhoff Jakob E. , Nti Benjamin K.
Published: June 2021

Background

The goal of this study was to assess the ability of machine artificial intelligence (AI) to quantitatively assess lung ultrasound (LUS) B-line presence using images obtained by learners novice to LUS in patients with acute heart failure (AHF), compared to expert interpretation.

Methods

This was a prospective, multicenter observational study conducted at two urban academic institutions. Learners novice to LUS completed a 30-min training session on lung image acquisition which included lecture and hands-on patient scanning. Learners independently acquired images on patients with suspected AHF. Automatic B-line quantification was obtained offline after completion of the study. Machine AI counted the maximum number of B-lines visualized during a clip. The criterion standard for B-line counts was semi-quantitative analysis by a blinded point-of-care LUS expert reviewer. Image quality was blindly determined by an expert reviewer. A second expert reviewer blindly determined B-line counts and image quality. Intraclass correlation was used to determine agreement between machine AI and expert, and expert to expert.

Results

Fifty-one novice learners completed 87 scans on 29 patients. We analyzed data from 611 lung zones. The overall intraclass correlation for agreement between novice learner images post-processed with AI technology and expert review was 0.56 (confidence interval [CI] 0.51–0.62), and 0.82 (CI 0.73–0.91) between experts. Median image quality was 4 (on a 5-point scale), and correlation between experts for quality assessment was 0.65 (CI 0.48–0.82).

Conclusion

After a short training session, novice learners were able to obtain high-quality images. When the AI deep learning algorithm was applied to those images, it quantified B-lines with moderate-to-fair correlation as compared to semi-quantitative analysis by expert review. This data shows promise, but further development is needed before widespread clinical use.
Lung ultrasound training and evaluation for proficiency among physicians in a low-resource setting
Authors: House Darlene R. , Amatya Yogendra , Nti Benjamin , Russell Frances M.
Published: June 2021

Background

Lung ultrasound (LUS) is helpful for the evaluation of patients with dyspnea in the emergency department (ED). However, it remains unclear how much training and how many LUS examinations are needed for ED physicians to obtain proficiency. The objective of this study was to determine the threshold number of LUS physicians need to perform to achieve proficiency for interpreting LUS on ED patients with dyspnea.

Methods

A prospective study was performed at Patan Hospital in Nepal, evaluating proficiency of physicians novice to LUS. After eight hours of didactics and hands-on training, physicians independently performed and interpreted ultrasounds on patients presenting to the ED with dyspnea. An expert sonographer blinded to patient data and LUS interpretation reviewed images and provided an expert interpretation. Interobserver agreement was performed between the study physician and expert physician interpretation. Cumulative sum analysis was used to determine the number of scans required to attain an acceptable level of training.

Results

Nineteen physicians were included in the study, submitting 330 LUS examinations with 3288 lung zones. Eighteen physicians (95%) reached proficiency. Physicians reached proficiency for interpreting LUS accurately when compared to an expert after 4.4 (SD 2.2) LUS studies for individual zone interpretation and 4.8 (SD 2.3) studies for overall interpretation, respectively.

Conclusions

Following 1 day of training, the majority of physicians novice to LUS achieved proficiency with interpretation of lung ultrasound after less than five ultrasound examinations performed independently.
Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 genes deletion polymorphisms and blood pressure control among treated essential hypertensive patients in Burkina Faso
Authors: Sombié Herman Karim , Tchelougou Daméhan , Ouattara Abdoul Karim , Kologo Jonas Koudougou , Sorgho Pegdwendé Abel , Somda Dogfunianalo , Yaméogo Sakinata , Zongo Arsène Wendpagnangdé , Kiendrebeogo Isabelle Touwendpoulimdé , Adoko Enagnon Tiémoko Herman Donald , Yonli Albert Théophane , Djigma Florencia Wendkuuni , Zabsonré Patrice , Millogo Hassanata , Simporé Jacques
Published: June 2021

Objective

Glutathione S-transferases have been associated with experimental resistance to some drugs. The present study investigated the factors associated with blood pressure control in patients with essential hypertension, especially the role of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes polymorphisms. This cross-sectional study in Burkina Faso consisted of 200 patients with essential hypertension and under treatment.

Results

In the present study, 57.5% (115/200) of patients had their hypertension under control. No statistically significant difference was found between controlled and uncontrolled groups for anthropometric and biochemical parameters as well as for GSTT1 or GSTM1 gene polymorphisms (all p > 0.05). Current alcohol consumption (OR = 3.04; CI 1.88–6.13; p < 0.001), Physical inactivity (OR = 3.07; CI 1.71–5.49; p < 0.001), severe hypertension before any treatment (Grade III [OR = 3.79; CI 2.00–7.17; p < 0.001]) and heart damage (OR = 3, 14; CI 1.59–6.02; p < 0.001) were statistically more frequent in uncontrolled essential hypertensive patients than controlled hypertensive patients.
Evaluation of the effect of probiotic as add-on therapy with conventional therapy and alone in malaria induced mice
Authors: Mahajan Eshani , Sinha Shweta , Bhatia Alka , Sehgal Rakesh , Medhi Bikash
Published: June 2021

Objective

Chloroquine is used as a conventional drug therapy for the treatment of malaria. The existence of resistance to chloroquine shown among various species of Plasmodium leads to the search for more efficacious therapy to treat malaria. Probiotic (Lactobacillus casei) has been tried as an add-on therapy with chloroquine. Probiotics are ingested microorganisms associated with a beneficial effect on humans and other species. The study was done to check the efficacy of L. casei as an add-on therapy along with conventional drug therapy (chloroquine) to treat malaria.

Results

Probiotic in combination with chloroquine showed complete suppression in parasitemia rate. Representation of parasitemia rate was done using mean ± SD. p < 0.05 is considered as statistically significant. The results showed a reduction in parasitemia with probiotic treatment, which was further confirmed through histological observation of two major organs, the liver and spleen. Interestingly, further suppression of parasitemia and hemosiderosis was observed when probiotic was given along with chloroquine.
Transfer of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae-specific cell mediated immunity to neonatal piglets
Authors: Biebaut Evelien , Beuckelaere Lisa , Boyen Filip , Haesebrouck Freddy , Gomez-Duran Charles-Oliver , Devriendt Bert , Maes Dominiek
Published: June 2021

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniaeis the primary agent of enzootic pneumonia in pigs. Although cell mediated immunity (CMI) may play a role in protection againstM. hyopneumoniae, its transfer from sows to their offspring is poorly characterized. Therefore, maternally-derived CMI was studied in piglets from vaccinated and non-vaccinated sows. The potential influence of cross-fostering before colostrum ingestion on the transfer of CMI from dam to piglets was also investigated. SixM. hyopneumoniaevaccinated sows from an endemically infected herd and 47 of their piglets, of which 24 piglets were cross-fostered, were included, as well as three non-vaccinated control sows from anM. hyopneumoniae-free herd and 24 of their piglets. Vaccinated sows received a commercial bacterin intramuscularly at 6 and 3 weeks prior to farrowing. The TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17A production by different T-cell subsets in blood of sows, colostrum and blood of piglets was assessed using a recall assay. In blood of sows cytokine producing T-cells were increased uponM. hyopneumoniaevaccination. Similarly,M. hyopneumoniae-specific T-cells were detected in blood of 2-day-old piglets born from these vaccinated sows. In contrast, noM. hyopneumoniae-specific cytokine producing T-cells were found in blood of piglets from control sows. No difference was found inM. hyopneumoniae-specific CMI between cross-fostered and non-cross-fostered piglets. In conclusion, differentM. hyopneumoniae-specific T-cell subsets are transferred from the sow to the offspring. Further studies are required to investigate the role of these transferred cells on immune responses in piglets and their potential protective effect againstM. hyopneumoniaeinfections.
Comparative study of growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal and fecal bacterial community between yaks and cattle-yaks raised by stall-feeding
Authors: Dai Qindan , Ma Jian , Cao Guang , Hu Rui , Zhu Yixiao , Li Guangyang , Zou Huawei , Wang Zhisheng , Peng Quanhui , Xue Bai , Wang Lizhi
Published: June 2021

The experiment was conducted to compare the growth performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal and fecal bacterial community between yaks and cattle-yaks. Ten male yaks (36-month-old) were used as the yak (YAK) group and 10 male cattle-yaks with similar age were selected as the cattle-yak (CAY) group. All the animals were fed same ration and the experiment lasted for 60 days. The results showed that the average daily gain and dry matter intake of CAY group were higher (P < 0.05) than those of YAK group. The ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, acetate, and butyrate were higher (P < 0.05) in CAY group than those in YAK group. However, the neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber digestibility exhibited an opposite between two groups. In the rumen, the relative abundances of Prevotella 1 and Prevotellaceae UCG-001 were higher (P < 0.05) and Succiniclasticum and Butyrivibrio 2 were lower (P < 0.05) in YAK group compared to CAY group. In the feces, the unclassified Lachnospiraceae, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, and Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group were significantly enriched (P < 0.05) in YAK group, whereas the Ruminococcaceae UCG-010, Ruminococcaceae UCG-013, and Succiniclasticum were significantly enriched (P < 0.05) in CAY group. Overall, under the same diet, the yaks have higher fiber utilization and cattle-yaks have higher energy utilization.
Computing resource allocation scheme of IOV using deep reinforcement learning in edge computing environment
Authors: Zhang Yiwei , Zhang Min , Fan Caixia , Li Fuqiang , Li Baofang
Published: June 2021

With the emergence and development of 5G technology, Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) has been closely integrated with Internet of Vehicles (IoV) technology, which can effectively support and improve network performance in IoV. However, the high-speed mobility of vehicles and diversity of communication quality make computing task offloading strategies more complex. To solve the problem, this paper proposes a computing resource allocation scheme based on deep reinforcement learning network for mobile edge computing scenarios in IoV. Firstly, the task resource allocation model for IoV in corresponding edge computing scenario is determined regarding the computing capacity of service nodes and vehicle moving speed as constraints. Besides, the mathematical model for task offloading and resource allocation is established with the minimum total computing cost as objective function. Then, deep Q-learning network based on deep reinforcement learning network is proposed to solve the mathematical model of resource allocation. Moreover, experience replay method is used to solve the instability of nonlinear approximate function neural network, which can avoid falling into dimension disaster and ensure the low-overhead and low-latency operation requirements of resource allocation. Finally, simulation results show that proposed scheme can effectively allocate the computing resources of IoV in edge computing environment. When the number of user uploaded data is 10K bits and the number of terminals is 15, it still shows the excellent network performance of low-overhead and low-latency.
Environmental factors impacting the motivation to innovate: a systematic review
Authors: Soleas Eleftherios
Published: June 2021

The environments where innovation occurs are often as varied as the areas of endeavors that aspiring innovators could pursue. This systematic review followed the guidelines of the Campbell Collaboration and PRISMA to consolidate the findings of 74 studies into the Expectancy-Value-Cost motivation theoretical framework as a means of usefully isolating for decision-makers the environmental factors that impact the motivation to innovate. The results of this review reveal that additional study of interdisciplinary samples is needed to gather deep narrative and case-driven data that considers the experiences of innovators in addition to organizations. Leaders, including decision-makers, teachers, and supervisors, can set a precedent for their learners and workers to use their past experiences and to feel safe to take intelligent risks and make reasonable mistakes in pursuit of innovating. Ensuring that project teams have a mix of experiences and backgrounds can make for more productive collaborations. Proactively addressing costs can increase workplaces’ psychological safety and stability, which enables workers and learners to better focus on the endeavors at hand. The articles’ evaluation illustrates that conversation about innovation promotion is dominated by business, which reduces the opportunity to learn from other innovation-driven disciplines or take truly interdisciplinary approaches.
Evidence on the effectiveness of small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) as a survey tool for North American terrestrial, vertebrate animals: a systematic map protocol
Authors: Elmore Jared A. , Curran Michael F. , Evans Kristine O. , Samiappan Sathishkumar , Zhou Meilun , Pfeiffer Morgan B. , Blackwell Bradley F. , Iglay Raymond B.
Published: June 2021

Background

Small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) are replacing or supplementing manned aircraft and ground-based surveys in many animal monitoring situations due to better coverage at finer spatial and temporal resolutions, access, cost, bias, impacts, safety, efficiency, and logistical benefits. Various sUAS models and sensors are available with varying features and usefulness depending on survey goals. However, justification for selection of sUAS and sensors are not typically offered in published literature and existing reviews do not adequately cover past and current sUAS applications for animal monitoring nor their associated sUAS model and sensor technologies, taxonomic and geographic scope, flight conditions and considerations, spatial distributions of sUAS applications, and reported technical difficulties. We outline a systematic map protocol to collect and consolidate evidence pertaining to sUAS monitoring of animals. Our systematic map will provide a useful synthesis of current applications of sUAS-animal related studies and identify major knowledge clusters (well-represented subtopics that are amenable to full synthesis by a systematic review) and gaps (unreported or underrepresented topics that warrant additional primary research) that may influence future research directions and sUAS applications.

Methods

Our systematic map will investigate the current state of knowledge using an accurate, comprehensive, and repeatable search. We will find relevant peer-reviewed and grey literature as well as dissertations and theses using online publication databases, Google Scholar, and by request through a professional network of collaborators and publicly available websites. We will use a tiered approach to article exclusion with eligible studies being those that monitor (i.e., identify, count, estimate, etc.) terrestrial vertebrate animals. Extracted data concerning sUAS, sensors, animals, methodology, and results will be recorded in Microsoft Access. We will query and catalogue evidence in the final database to produce tables, figures, and geographic maps to accompany a full narrative review that answers our primary and secondary questions.
Epidemiology and outcomes of bloodstream infections in severe burn patients: a six-year retrospective study
Authors: Hu Yangmin , Li Danyang , Xu Lingcheng , Hu Yuping , Sang Yiwen , Zhang Gensheng , Dai Haibin
Published: June 2021

Background

Infection is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among burn patients, and bloodstream infection (BSI) is the most serious. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of BSI in severe burn patients.

Methods

Clinical variables of all patients admitted with severe burns (≥ 20% total body surface area, %TBSA) were analyzed retrospectively from January 2013 to December 2018 at a teaching hospital. The Kaplan–Meier method was utilized for plotting survival curves. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox regression model were also performed.

Results

A total of 495 patients were evaluated, of whom 136 (27.5%) had a BSI. The median time from the patients being burned to BSI was 8 days. For BSI onset in these patients, 47.8% (65/136) occurred in the first week. The most frequently isolated causative organism was A. baumannii (22.7%), followed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (18.7%) and K. pneumoniae (18.2%), in patients with BSI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that %TBSA (p = 0.023), mechanical ventilation (p = 0.019), central venous catheter (CVC) (p < 0.001) and hospital length of stay (27d vs 50d, p < 0.001) were independent risk factors associated with BSI. Cox regression model showed that acute kidney injury (HR, 12.26; 95% CI 2.31–64.98; p = 0.003) and septic shock (HR, 4.36; 95% CI 1.16–16.34; p = 0.031) were identified as independent predictors of 30-day mortality of BSI in burn patients.

Conclusions

Multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens of BSI in severe burn patients. Accurate evaluation of risk factors for BSI and the mortality of BSI in severe burn patients may improve early appropriate management.
Is this the ‘new normal’? A mixed method investigation of young person, parent and clinician experience of online eating disorder treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Stewart Catherine , Konstantellou Anna , Kassamali Fatema , McLaughlin Natalie , Cutinha Darren , Bryant-Waugh Rachel , Simic Mima , Eisler Ivan , Baudinet Julian
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, research in virtual care for young people with eating disorders was preliminary and implementation rare. This study explored the experience of young people, parents and clinicians when therapy was transitioned to virtual provision as a result of the UK lockdown in March 2020.

Methods

A mixed-method approach was used in this study. Online questionnaires that included a mixture of rating (Likert scale) and free-text response questions were completed by 53 young people with any eating disorder, 75 parents and 23 clinicians. Questions focused on the experience of online treatment as well as the impact on engagement, perceived treatment efficacy and preferences around treatment mode in the future. Likert scale questions were analysed using a summary approach. Free-text responses were analysed qualitatively using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Responses to rating scale questions indicate satisfaction with treatment, good engagement and ability to manage technology. Young people who had transitioned care, rather than started care virtually in lockdown, rated therapy as less effective. However, individual accounts of experience were more varied. Reflexive thematic analysis of free-text responses identified key themes of 1) Making it work, 2) Home as a therapeutic space, and 3) Disrupted connection and 4) Into the future.

Conclusions

These results have implications for ongoing care during the pandemic and for future implementation of virtual care in the treatment of young people with eating disorders. Particular issues arising are the trade-off between accessibility and therapeutic engagement and depth and need for consideration of equal access to treatment in socially unequal societies.
Lao Tze and Confucius' philosophies influenced the designs of Kisho Kurokawa and Tadao Ando
Authors: Trisno Rudy , Lianto Fermanto
Published: June 2021

Japanese architecture retains the characteristic of appreciating its culture, despite the growing influence of Western architecture. Based on this issue, it is a very interesting area to study to understand the design concepts behind two masterpieces from the world’s architects Kisho Kurokawa and Tadao Ando. This study uses a qualitative method by analyzing theories and case studies in the work of the architects Kisho Kurokawa and Tadao Ando. It conducts the following detailed analyses; (a) Western architects who influenced both design concepts; (b) The primary considerations of the two architects in facing the demands of the times. The study concludes that Kisho Kurokawa was influenced by Kenzo Tange, while Tadao Ando has been influenced by Le Corbusier and Louis Khan. The primary consideration of Kisho Kurokawa is Hanasuki, while for Tadao Ando it is Shintai. The findings in this study are that the two architects in the design concept were inspired by Japanese culture, where Japanese culture is influenced by the philosophy of Lau Tze and Confucius.
Machine learning to identify geologic factors associated with production in geothermal fields: a case-study using 3D geologic data, Brady geothermal field, Nevada
Authors: Siler Drew L. , Pepin Jeff D. , Vesselinov Velimir V. , Mudunuru Maruti K. , Ahmmed Bulbul
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we present an analysis using unsupervised machine learning (ML) to identify the key geologic factors that contribute to the geothermal production in Brady geothermal field. Brady is a hydrothermal system in northwestern Nevada that supports both electricity production and direct use of hydrothermal fluids. Transmissive fluid-flow pathways are relatively rare in the subsurface, but are critical components of hydrothermal systems like Brady and many other types of fluid-flow systems in fractured rock. Here, we analyze geologic data with ML methods to unravel the local geologic controls on these pathways. The ML method, non-negative matrix factorization withk-means clustering (NMFk), is applied to a library of 14 3D geologic characteristics hypothesized to control hydrothermal circulation in the Brady geothermal field. Our results indicate that macro-scale faults and a local step-over in the fault system preferentially occur along production wells when compared to injection wells and non-productive wells. We infer that these are the key geologic characteristics that control the through-going hydrothermal transmission pathways at Brady. Our results demonstrate: (1) the specific geologic controls on the Brady hydrothermal system and (2) the efficacy of pairing ML techniques with 3D geologic characterization to enhance the understanding of subsurface processes.
A long-term survivor of metachronous liver metastases of pancreatic serous cystic neoplasm associated with von Hippel–Lindau disease
Authors: Kokumai Takashi , Mizuma Masamichi , Hirose Katsuya , Karasawa Hideaki , Ishida Masaharu , Ohtsuka Hideo , Nakagawa Kei , Morikawa Takanori , Kamei Takashi , Masamune Atsushi , Furukawa Toru , Unno Michiaki
Published: June 2021

Background

Pancreatic serous cystic neoplasm (SCN) is an uncommon exocrine neoplasm, which is believed to be a benign entity. However, some of these neoplasms may occasionally attain metastatic ability. Von Hippel–Lindau disease (VHL) manifests a dominantly inherited systemic syndrome accompanied by several benign or malignant tumors, including cystic tumors, in various organs. We describe here a long-term survival case who underwent surgical resection for metachronous liver metastases of pancreatic SCN associated with VHL disease.

Case presentation

A 35-year-old woman with VHL underwent total pancreatectomy and right nephrectomy for pancreatic SCN and renal cell carcinoma, respectively. At the 4th year follow-up examination after the resection, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed arterially hyper-enhanced neoplastic lesions in the segment VI and VIII of the liver. Partial resections of the liver were performed 53 months after the initial surgery. At the 6th month follow-up examination from the second surgery, one and two tumors located in the liver segment III, and VIII, respectively, were detected by contrast-enhanced CT and Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI. Anterior segmentectomy and partial resection of the segment III were performed 66 months after the initial surgery and 13 months after the second, respectively. The tumors were pathologically diagnosed as liver metastases of pancreatic SCN synonymous with serous cystadenocarcinoma. She remains disease-free without recurrence 6.5 years after the last operation.

Conclusions

This is the first report of a case of metastatic SCN associated with VHL. Surgical resection might confer a favorable prognosis in patients of pancreatic SCN with liver metastases.
The impact of mediated learning on the academic writing performance of medical students in flipped and traditional classrooms: scaffolding techniques
Authors: Khojasteh Laleh , Hosseini Seyyed Ali , Nasiri Elham
Published: June 2021

Writing as a multiple-step process is one of the most complex and demanding skills for graduate students to master. Foreign or second language learners who are required to write for academic purposes at the university level may even find it more demanding to master. One of the ways of decreasing the burden of mastering this skill for learners is mediation, using scaffolding techniques to teach writing. Hence, having a good understanding of the impact(s) of adopting mediating or scaffolding techniques in writing classes is absolutely indispensable. To this end, the present study employed an experimental research design to investigate the impact of mediation in the flipped writing classrooms of the students of medicine. To peruse this goal, 47 medical students were selected through purposive sampling and put into control and treatment groups. Medical students in the treatment group watched teacher-made video content(s) before their writing classes. The students in this group experienced organized-interactive writing group activities in their classes. Unlike the experimental group, the students in the control group received all the instructions in the classroom and were assigned homework. The findings obtained through the ANOVA and t-test indicated that the students in the experimental group significantly outperformed their counterparts in the control group in terms of their writing. A probable conclusion could be that by requiring students to study in advance and take responsibility for their learning, flipped classroom can provide the opportunity for learners to actively construct knowledge rather than receive the information passively in the classroom. Flipped classroom can also cultivate interactive class time for teachers and enable them to invest in more fruitful academic practices, instead of asking students to spend a substantial amount of time each week doing homework independently.
Does Covera-19 know ‘when to hold ‘em or ‘when to fold ‘em? A translational thought experiment
Authors: Griffin Gerald Dieter
Published: June 2021

The function of proteins depends on their structure. The structural integrity of proteins is dynamic and depends on interacting nearby neighboring moieties that influence their properties and induce folding and structural changes. The conformational changes induced by these nearby neighbors in the micro-environmental milieu at that moment are guided by chemical or electrical bonding attractions.

There are few literature references that describe the potential for environmental milieu changes to disfavor SARS-CoV-2 attachment to a receptor for survival outside of a host. There are many studies on the effects of pH (acid and base balance) supporting its importance for protein structure and function, but few focus on pH role in extracellular or intracellular protein or actionable requirements of Covera-19.

‘Fold ‘em or Hold ‘em’ is seen by the various functions and effects of furin as it seeks an acidic milieu for action or compatible amino acid sequences which is currently aided by its histidine component and the structural changes of proteins as they enter or exit the host. Questions throughout the text are posed to focus on current thoughts as reviewing applicable COVID-19 translational research science in order to understand the complexities of Covid-19.

The pH needs of COVID-19 players and its journey through the human host and environment as well as some efficacious readily available repurposed drugs and out-of-the box and easily available treatments are reviewed.
How precise are oral splints for frameless stereotaxy in guided ear, nose, throat, and maxillofacial surgery: a cadaver study
Authors: Nilius Manfred , Nilius Minou Hélène
Published: June 2021

Background

Computer-assisted surgery optimises accuracy and serves to improve precise surgical procedures. We validated oral splints with fiducial markers by testing them against rigid bone markers.

Methods

We screwed twenty bone anchors as fiducial markers into different regions of a dried skull and measured the distances. After computed tomography (CT) scanning, the accuracy was evaluated by determining the markers’ position using frameless stereotaxy on a dry cadaver and indicated on the CT scan. We compared the accuracy of chairside fabricated oral splints to standard registration with bone markers immediately after fabrication and after a ten-time use. Accuracy was calculated as deviation (mean ± standard deviation). For statistical analysis, t test, Kruskal-Wallis, Tukey's, and various linear regression models, such as the Pearson's product–moment correlation coefficient, were used.

Results

Oral splints showed an accuracy of 0.90 mm ± 0.27 for viscerocranium, 1.10 mm ± 0.39 for skull base, and 1.45 mm ± 0.59 for neurocranium. We found an accuracy of less than 2 mm for both splints for a distance of up to 152 mm. The accuracy persisted even after ten times removing and reattaching the splints.

Conclusions

Oral splints offer a non-invasive indicator to improve the accuracy of image-guided surgery. The precision is dependent on the distance to the target. Up to 150-mm distance, a precision of fewer than 2 mm is possible. Dental splints provide sufficient accuracy than bone markers and may opt for higher precision combined with other non-invasive registration methods.
Closed-loop neuromodulation will increase the utility of mouse models in Bioelectronic Medicine
Authors: Datta-Chaudhuri Timir
Published: June 2021

Mouse models have been of tremendous benefit to medical science for the better part of a century, yet bioelectronic medicine research using mice has been limited to mostly acute studies because of a lack of tools for chronic stimulation and sensing. A wireless neuromodulation platform small enough for implantation in mice will significantly increase the utility of mouse models in bioelectronic medicine. This perspective examines the necessary functionality of such a system and the technical challenges needed to be overcome for its development. Recent progress is examined and the outlook for the future of implantable devices for mice is discussed.
Barriers to accessing mental health services in The Gambia: patients’/family members’ perspectives
Authors: Barrow Lamin F. M. , Faerden Ann
Published: June 2021

This paper concerns mental health services in The Gambia. It describes local concepts, experiences and knowledge about mental illness and the implications of such beliefs and attitudes for access to mental health services. A pretested questionnaire and interview guide were administered to a sample of patients/family members. Barriers to accessing mental health services were identified. These included beliefs about the causes of mental illness; family decision-making; the scarcity and high cost of services. Obtaining access to mental health services in The Gambia is currently challenging. Importantly, increased community and family education about the causes and treatment of mental illnesses will be required to address these issues.
What Matters to Us: Impact of Telemedicine During the Pandemic in the Care of Patients With Sarcoma Across Scotland
Authors: McCabe Holly M. , Smrke Alannah , Cowie Fiona , White Jeff , Chong Peter , Lo Steven , Mahendra Ashish , Gupta Sanjay , Ferguson Michelle , Boddie David , Mmekka Walter , Stirling Lorraine , Campbell Lindsay , Jones Robin L. , Nixon Ioanna
Published: June 2021

PURPOSE

In Scotland, approximately 350 sarcoma cases are diagnosed per year and treated in one of the five specialist centers. Many patients are required to travel long distances to access specialist care. The COVID-19 pandemic brought a number of rapid changes into the care for patients with cancer, with increasing utilization of telemedicine. We aimed to evaluate how the utilization of telemedicine affects professionals and patients across Scotland and care delivery, at the Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre Sarcoma Unit.

METHODS

Between June 8 and August 25, 2020, we invited patients and professional sarcoma multidisciplinary team members to participate in separate online anonymous survey questionnaires, to assess their attitudes toward telemedicine. Data were extracted, and descriptive statistics were performed.

RESULTS

Patient satisfaction (n = 64) with telemedicine was high (mean = 9.4/10) and comparable with traditional face-to-face appointments (mean = 9.5/10). Patients were receptive to the use of telemedicine in certain situations, with patients strongly opposed to being told bad news via telemedicine (88%). Providers recommended the use of telemedicine in certain patient populations and reported largely equivalent workloads when compared with traditional consultations. Providers reported that telemedicine should be integrated into regular practice (66%), with patients echoing this indicating a preference for a majority of telemedicine appointments (57%).

CONCLUSION

Telemedicine in sarcoma care is favorable from both clinician and patient perspectives. Utilization of telemedicine for patients with rare cancers such as sarcomas is an innovative approach to the delivery of care, especially considering the time and financial pressures on patients who often live a distance away from specialist centers. Patients and providers are keen to move toward a more flexible, mixed system of care.