bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Perusahaan di Swamitra Mitra Bahari Se-Eks Karisidenan Pekalongan
Authors: Handayani Tri , Rosyadi H. Noor
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi Kinerja Perusahaan di Swamitra Mitra Bahari Se- Eks Karisidenan Pekalongan. Obyek dan populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua karyawan di Swamitra Mitra Bahari Se- Eks Karisidenan Pekalongan dengan jumlah karyawan yang aktif adalah 48 orang, dengan tehnik sampel purposive samping yaitu: minimal menjadi karyawan 2 tahun di Swamitra Mitra Bahari Se- Eks Karisidenan Pekalongan. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : Dari analisis data untuk pengujian secara parsial (uji t) antara Kepemimpinan (X1), Motivasi (X2), Budaya Kerja (X3), dan Kepuasan Kerja (X4) terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan di Swamitra Mitra Bahari Se-Eks Karisidenan Pekalongan  (Y), secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan diterima, Dari hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara variabel Kepemimpinan (X1), variabel Motivasi (X2), variabel Budaya Kerja (X3) dan variabel Kepuasan Kerja (X4) sebesar 0,616 atau 61,6% terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan, Dari analisis data untuk uji F menunjukan nilai Fhitung > Ftabel (17,244 > 2,59) artinya bahwa variabel independen yaitu Kepemimpinan (X1), Motivasi (X2), Budaya Kerja (X3) dan Kepuasan Kerja (X4), secara bersama-sama (simultan) dan signifikan berpengaruhi terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan di Swamitra Mitra Bahari Se-Eks Karisidenan Pekalongan, Kontribusi variabel Kepemimpinan (X1), Motivasi (X2), Budaya Kerja (X3) dan Kepuasan Kerja (X4) yang terdapat dalam model regresi koefisien determian (R2) dapat menerangkan variabilitas sebesar 61,6% sedangkan sisanya 38,4% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain diluar model persamaan dalam penelitian ini.

Kata kunci : Motivasi, Budaya Kerja, Kepuasan Kerja dan Kinerja Perusahaan.
Hubungan Status Gizi Balita dengan Kejadian Pneumonia pada Balita di Desa Sutawangi Wilayah Kerja UPTD Puskesmas DTP Jatiwangi Tahun 2019
Authors: Subandi Endang
Published: April 2022

Pneumonia ialah factor utama yang bisa mengakibatkan kematian terbesar misalnya saja di negara yang berkembang seperti Indonesia. Menurut penilaian kesehatan nasional (SKN) tahun 2018, 27,6% kematian bayi serta 22% kematian balita di Indonesia itu dikarenakan oleh penyakit sistem respiratori, yang terpenting pneumonia. Sedangkan menurut hasil penelitian kesehatan dasar tahun 2018, Pneumonia ialah pemicu kematian kedua terhadap balita sesudah diare. Balita dengan gizi yang kurang akan lebih mudah terserang pneumonia jika dilihat balita dengan gizi normal, karena penyebab daya tahan tubuh yang lemah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan hubungan status gizi balita dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara total sampling yaitu sebanyak 45 balita pneumonia. Data diperoleh dari dokumentasi MTBS Puskesmas Jatiwangi, dan dianalisa secara statistika menggunakan uji Chi Square (X2). Dari hasil uji statistika didapatkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan status gizi balita dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita dengan nilai p = 0,88 (p > 0,05). Dari hasil penelitian ini penting bagi instansi terkait untuk memberikan informasi yang tepat kepada masyarakat dalam memberikan penyuluhan tentang pneumonia. Penyuluhan bisa dilaksanakan di Posyandu, KBK dan terutama di MTBS sebagai pelaksana program P2 ISPA, sehingga masyarakat terutama ibu yang mempunyai balita mendapatkan infromasi yang tepat tentang pneumonia pada balita.

Kata kunci : Status gizi, Balita dan pneumonia.
Gaya Kepemimpinan Kiai Dalam Pendidikan (Studi Pengelolaan Sistem Pendidikan Di Pondok Pesantren At-Tauhidiyah Giren Talang Tegal)
Authors: Taufik Ahmad
Published: April 2022

Kepemimpinan berhasil membangun suatu kerangka konseptual pada ungkapan kullukum rain yang dipertajamnya dengan mengintegrasikan serangkaian teori dalam disiplin sosiologi Kepemimpinan yang efektif harus menghadapi tujuan individu, kelompok, dan organisasi, yang diukur dengan pencapaian tujuan dan berusaha menggunakan suatu gaya dalam mempengaruhi bawahanya. Penelitian ini bersifat mendeskripsikan situasi dan mengunakan jenis kualitatif dengan metode grounded research, yaitu mendasarkan diri pada fakta dengan tujuan melakukan generalisasi dan menetapkan konsep-konsep serta membuktikan teori.Penerapan Kurikulum Pondok Pesantren at-Tauhidiyah. “Secara kurikulum nasional (umum) tidak memakai, namun yang di terapkan adlah salafiyah murni dari pondok, jadi pelajaran dari pondok pesantren ini berdiri sampai sekarang masih tetap sama”

Kata kunci : Kepemimpinan, sistem pendidikan dan at-tauhidiyah.
ANALISIS PENGARUH INFLASI, KURS, SUKU BUNGA, MARGIN BAGI HASIL TERHADAP NON PERFORMING FINANCING PADA BANK SYARIAH
Authors: Muhammad Arfan
Published: April 2022

Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah ingin melihat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi NPF pada bank Syariah di Indonesia dari sisi lingkungan makro ekonomi yaitu : seberapa besar pengaruh Inflasi, Nilai Tukar Rupiah/ Kurs, Suku Bunga/ BI Rate dan Margin Bagi Hasil/ Rate Of profit terhadap Non Performing Financing pada Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Penelitian ini memakai pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan penggunakan data skunder berdasarkan pada data time series. Data didapat dari laporan statistik perbankan syariah yang dipublikasikan Bank Indonesia (BI). Populasi ialah keseluruhan tingkat Inflasi, Nilai tukar/ Kurs, Suku Bunga/ BI Rate serta Margin Bagi Hasil dan tingkat Non Performing Financing pada Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia. Sample dimulai dari bulan januari 2011 hingga desember 2014. Data diolah memakai program eviews versi 6.0 dengan tingkat sigifikansi 5%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diberi kesimpulan bahwa data penelitian dinyatakan berdistribusi normal, terbebas dari masalah asumsi klasik (multikolinieritas, autokorelasi) serta lulus uji stasioneritas. Penelitian ini memakai model regresi linier berganda. Hasil uji mengungkapkan bahwa variabel bebas (Inflasi, Nilai Tukar/ Kurs, Suku Bunga/ BI Rate serta Margin Bagi Hasil) bisa menjelaskan variabel terikat (Non Performing Financing ) sebesar 85%. Secara parsial variabel Nilai Tukar/ Kurs mempunyai dampak negatif signifikan terhadap Non Performing Financing serta variabel Suku Bunga/ BI Rate dan Margin Bagi Hasil mempunyai dampak positif signifikan terhadap Non Performing Financing akan tetapi variabel Inflasi mempunyai dampak yang negatif serta tidak signifikan terhadap Non Performing Financing.
PERILAKU KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA (K3) SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PRAKTIKUM DI SMKN 2 SIDENRENG
Authors: Muhammad Yamin
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan perilaku keselamatan dan dan kesehatan kerja siswa dalam pembelajaran praktikum di SMKN 2 Sidenreng dengan tiga indikator yakni: (1) pengetahuan siswa meliputi pengertian K3, tujuan K3 dan syarat-syarat K3; (2) aspek sikap yang meliputi penerimaan terhadap K3, respon terhadap K3 dan tanggung jawab terhadap K3; (3) aspek tindakan yang meliputi memperhatikan aspek K3, mematuhi peraturan K3 dan melaksanakan peraktikum sesuai prosedur. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang  dilaksanakan di  SMKN 2 Sidenreng di Kab. Sidrap. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan angket dan observasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (a) aspek pengetahuan siswa di SMKN 2 Sidenreng berada pada kualifikasi baik, (b) aspek sikap K3 siswa kualifikasi baik dan (c) aspek tindakan K3 siswa berada pada kualifikasi sangat baik.
INTERVENSI GOOD AGRICUTURAL PRACTICES (GAP) TERHADAP PREFERENSI PETANI TOMAT (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM) DI KECAMATAN CIKAJANG KABUPATEN GARUT
Authors: Siti Rahayu Salsabila  , Dayat  , Nawangwulan Widyastuti  , Nawangwulan Widyastuti
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran keadaan preferensi petani mengenai GAP, mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang berpengaruh terhadap intervensi GAP sebagai upaya peningkatan preferensi petani dan untuk menetapkan strategi penyuluhan di Desa Margamulya. Data penelitian ini diperoleh dari instrumen kuesioner dan wawancara. Penentuan jumlah sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin sehingga didapat responden sebanyak 48 orang, untuk teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah Purposive Sampling. Teknik pengolahan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif, analisis regresi linier berganda dan analisis Kendall’s W. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat di tarik kesimpulan bahwa intervensi GAP pada petani tomat di Desa Margamulya berada dalam kategori kurang baik. Sedangkan untuk preferensi petani tomat terhadap GAP masuk dalam kategori tinggi. Faktor internal, faktor eksternal, dan intervensi GAP menunjukkan memiliki pengaruh yang kuat dan bernilai positif terhadap preferensi petani secara simultan dan umur, pendidikan formal, pendidikan nonformal, ketersediaan sarana produksi dan kemudahan akses informasi beperngaruh secara simultan. Strategi yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan preferensi petani khususnya dalam implementasi dan men-difusikan GAP pada budidaya tomat adalah dengan cara memberikan penyuluhan daring dengan membagikan video dan materi mengenai GAP serta dengan memberikan gambaran melalui petak percontohan dengan penerapan prinsip GAP. Adapun beberapa upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah bagi BPP Kecamatan Cikajang dilaksanakannya kegiatan pembinaan dan penyuluhan yang lebih efektif, setelah pandemi ini berakhir dapat melakukan penyuluhan secara tatap muka dan lebih intensif tentang teknologi GAP dan melibatkan beberapa stakeholder.
PERANCANGAN PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS DENGAN METODE TUTORIAL BAGI MAHASISWA TEKNIK ELEKTRO SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNIK PLN
Authors: Sri Yayi  , Jumiati  , Yuliansyah
Published: April 2022

Metode tutorial merupakan cara penyampaian bahan pelajaran yang telah dikembangkan dalam bentuk modul untuk dipelajari mahasiswa secara mandiri. Mahasiswa dapat mengkonsultasikan tentang masalah-masalah serta kemajuan yang telah ada dengan cara periodik. Banyaknya keterbatasan yang dipunyai pengajar, dalam menentukan langkah  yang akurat dalam mengajar Bahasa Inggris pada jurusan teknik eletro mengakibatkan  dosen sulit menerapkan keinginan mahasiswa dalam percepatan belajarnya. Hal ini dapat kita lihat di perguruan-perguruan tinggi sekitar lingkungan kita, masih sangat banyak dosen yang memakai metode pembelajaran dengan cara lama, misalnya ceramah, mencatat, merangkum serta sebagainya.  Penelitian ini dilakukan supaya kita tau keefektifan penggunaan metode tutorial dalam pengajaran Bahasa Inggris di jurusan teknik elektro. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif  dengan tahapan  studi pendahuluan dilakukan dengan menerapkan pendekatan deskriptif  kuantitatif. Langkah pengembangan dilaksanakan dengan ujicoba terbatas pada model pengajaran konvensional dosen dengan menerapkan metode eksprimen (Single One Shot Case Study). Setelah ada perbaikan dari uji terbatas kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji yang lebih luas dengan metode eksprimen dalam bentuk kelompok (one group pretest-postest). Terakhir adalah merancang model pengajaran Bahasa Inggris dengan metode tutorial . Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa  dengan metode  tutorial dapat membantu kecepatan pemahaman mahasiswa terhadap materi perkuliahan, kreativitas, dan  belajar mahasiswa.
Konsep Pasar Modal Syariah Beserta Perkembanganya Di Indonesia
Authors: Fikry Ramadhan
Published: April 2022

Dari segi definisi pasar modal adalah suatu pasar (tempat) yang mengimplementasikan prinsip kaidah syariah dalam melaksanakan kegiatan transaksi ekonomi sehingga terhindar dari semua hal yang dilarang menurut syariat islam, seperti harta riba, maisir, dan gharar, serta spekulasi, jenis-jenis barang-yang di perdagangkan dipasar modal syariah hakikatnya tidak melanggar hukum islamterdapat dua bagian yang akan selalu ada dan melekat pada setiap aktivitas investasi,diantaranya yaitu keuntungan/hasil (return) dan risiko (risk). kemunculan pasar modal syariah khususnya di Indonesia sudah memasuki masa baru dengan adanya sistem online dalam melakukan pembelian saham Syariah, sistem ini memudahkan bagi para investor untuk pembelian saham yang di inginkan yang sesuai dengan ketetapan yang diterapka oleh ISSI, hal ini sebagai acuan sehingga pasar modal Syariah di Indonesia sudah memasuki masa kemajuan yang luarbiasa sehingga harapannya masyarakat secara umum ikut andil dalam mengembangkan kemajuan pasar modal syariah khusnya di negara Indonesia.
Pengaruh Implementasi Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 6 Tahun 2008 Tentang Pedoman Evaluasi Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Daerah Terhadap Kinerja Organisasi Perangkat Daerah Di Kota Tasikmalaya
Authors: Utama Elga Tri
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Implementasi Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 6 Tahun 2008 tentang Pedoman Evaluasi Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Daerah terhadap Kinerja Organisasi perangkat daerah di Kota Tasikmalaya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan research eksplanatory. Jumlah responden dalam penelitian sebanyak 76 orang, yaitu pegawai Perangkat Daerah  di Kota Tasikmalaya pada Bagian Pelaporan,  Teknik analisis data dilakukan melalui uji regresi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan implementasi Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 6 Tahun 2008 tentang Pedoman Evaluasi Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Daerah  dipengaruhi oleh faktor komunikasi, sumber daya , disposisi dan struktur organisasi memiliki pengaruh terhadap Kinerja Organisasi perangkat daerah di Kota Tasikmalaya.
Studi Kritis Terjemah Al Quran Depag RI (Tela’ah Terhadap Ayat-Ayat Mutasayabihat Dan Aqidah Dalam Perspektif NU)
Authors: Al Bayan Ade
Published: April 2022

Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman dan semakin luasnya wilayah geo-politik umat Islam, pemahaman umat Islam terhadap Al-Qur’an mengalami penyusutan, karena kemampuan memahami pesan Al-Qur’an yang sangat terbatas. Hal tersebut disebabkan alasan berikut. Pertama, banyaknya umat islam yang bukan penutur bahasa Arab (‘ajam). Kedua, para sahabat dan tabi’in yang mampu berbahasa Arab fusha (tinggi) semakin sedikit, terutama diluar haramayn (mekah dan madinah). Ketiga, persoalan umat islam semakin kompleks akibat akultural dan asimilasi masyarakat dan budaya serta perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan yang pesat. Sebagai kitab suci umat Islam yang diterjemaahkan kedalam bahasa resmi dan diterbitkan oleh pemerintah RI, sudah seharusnya al Qur’an dan terjemahnya dalam bahasa Indonesia mengakomodasi pemahaman mainstream umat Islam Indonesia. Jikapun penerjemahan itu menggunakan penafsiran yang berbeda, bisa dilakukan dengan penjelasan catatan kaki yang dapat menjelaskan perbedaan itu sehingga kelak akan muncul penerjemahan al Qur’an dengan bahasa Indonesia dengan penafsiran dan penjelasan yang mudah dipahami oleh masyarakat muslim Indonesia dan menjadikan tafsir resmi bagi mazhab mayoritas di nusantara.
Resumos do I Encontro Brasileiro de Petrofísica de Campos Maduros
Authors:   Giovanna Carneiro,   Gabriel Nascimento Freitas,   André Bertolini,   Lucas Abreu Blanes de Oliveira,   Marianna Dantas,   Jesus Salazar,   David Xavier,   Lenita Fioriti,   Adna Grazielly Paz de Vasconcelos,   Maira Lima,   Janio Cleydisson Santos Cornelio,   Bruno Menchio Faria
Published: April 2022

Nos dias 22, 23 e 24 de março de 2022 ocorreu o I Encontro Brasileiro de Petrofísica de Campos Maduros (EBPCM), no formato virtual, reunindo profissionais de operadores, prestadores de serviço, agências regulatórias e associações profissionais, além de membros da academia. O evento foi organizado pela seção brasileira da Sociedade de Petrofísicos e Analistas de Perfil (SPWLA). O evento nasceu a partir da crescente demanda e interesse de diferentes players do mercado de óleo e gás na revitalização de ativos disponíveis a partir do agressivo plano de desinvestimento implementado pela Petrobras. O baixo fator de recuperação desses campos, quando comparados a média global e o notável histórico de declínio em suas produções, indicam que é crítica a adoção de diferentes técnicas de avaliação de formação, que possam permitir de maneira eficiente e economicamente viável a extensão de sua vida útil. Portanto, O I EBPCM buscou promover o intercâmbio de conhecimento técnico e científico, compartilhando lições aprendidas e divulgando soluções tecnológicas inovadoras e eficientes, com o apoio dos diferentes atores, sejam da indústria ou do meio acadêmico. Ao longo dos 3 dias de evento, contamos com 28 palestras – incluindo 2 em sessão plenária, 3 minicursos e uma mesa redonda. Foram discutidos técnicas de avaliação de formação a poço aberto e poço revestido, estudos de caso de áreas brasileiras, modelagem para recuperação avançada, aspectos de captura e armazenamento de carbono e aspectos econômicos relacionados. A sessão plenária, por Mariana Cavadinha (ANP) e Austin Boyd (UFRJ) reforçou a importância do evento. Mariana apresentou o panorama da exploração dos campos maduros brasileiros e como a ANP está agindo para incentivar o setor. No aspecto técnico, Austin apresentou os muitos desafios relacionados a avaliação petrofísica dos campos maduros – corroborando que o aspecto técnico da avaliação desses reservatórios ainda tem espaço para evolução e discussões. Com foco nos novos rumos da área de petrofísica, uma mesa redonda discutiu a aplicação de inteligência artificial na área, contando com participações de Marcos Amaral e Sylvia Anjos (ABGP), Anna Paula Lougon (Schlumberger), Prof. Cleyton de Carvalho Carneiro (USP), Márcio Martins (Rock Care) e Milena Siqueira (Halliburton). O balanço dos 3 dias de apresentações e discussões foi altamente positivo. Nas próximas páginas deste livro, o leitor encontrará resumos das apresentações que compuseram o I EBPCM. Até a próxima edição!
ABC (ANALYSIS BEHIND CASING)
Authors: ORLANDI NETO ARISTIDES
Published: April 2022

THE PRESENTATION WILL COVER ABC WHICH IS A TECHNIQUE TO DO PETROPHYSICAL INTERPRETATION IN MATURE FIELDS. AS AN INTRODUCTION WE WILL POINT OUT GENERALITIES ABOUT THE OIL INDUSTRY NOWADAYS AS WELL AS THE FUTURE MARKET OF MATURE FIELDS IN BRAZIL. THE ABC TECHNIQUE WILL BE EXPLAINED IN DETAIL AND EXAMPLES WILL BE SHOWN ON A MATURE FIELD FROM MARA LA PAZ IN VENEZUELA. THERE ARE IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES IN THE WAY WE TREAT DATA FROM THE MEASUREMENTS AVAILABLE TO ABC THAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED ON THE PETROPHYSICAL INTERPRETATION AS WELL AS SIMILARITIES FROM A REGULAR INTERPRETATION FROM OPEN HOLE DATA. THE ADVANTAGES AND PITFALLS OF THE TECHNIQUE WILL BE MENTIONED FOR THE END USER TO BE ABLE TO DECIDE WHETHER IT DOES MAKE SENSE IN A PARTICULAR MATURE FIELD CONSIDERED. ABC HAS BEEN AROUND FOR MANY YEARS AND USED EXTENSIVELY IN SOME AREAS WITH VERY GOOD RESULTS, THIS PRESENTATION DOES NOT MEAN TO COVER EACH ASPECT OF THE TECHNIQUE BUT TO PROVIDE A GOOD UNDERSTANDING AND WITH SOME FEW EXAMPLES AS AN INTRODUCTORY PRESENTATION.
CORRELATION AND EXTENSION OF WELL RESISTIVITY DATA USING SURFACE ELECTROMAGNETIC IN MATURE FIELDS
Authors: KRIEGSHÄUSER BERTHOLD , DE LUGÃO PATRICIA , CORRÊA ERIC
Published: April 2022

"MATURE FIELDS ACCOUNT FOR OVER 70% OF THE WORLD'S OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION. CONSIDERING THE AVERAGE RECOVERY FACTOR BEING CIRCA 70% FOR GAS AND CIRCA 35% FOR OIL, INNOVATIVE METHODOLOGIES, COMBINING NEW TECHNIQUES AND TECHNOLOGIES, ARE PROVING THAT REVITALIZATION ACTIVITIES CAN BE ECONOMICAL, AND THEREBY INCREASING ULTIMATE RECOVERY BY 20% OR MORE. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THESE MATURE ASSETS IS SIGNIFICANT TO THE GLOBAL ECONOMY (GAFFNEYCLINE, 2020). THE BRAZILIAN NATIONAL PETROLEUM AGENCY (ANP) CATEGORIZES A FIELD AS BEING MATURE, IF IT HAS PRODUCED FOR OVER 25 YEARS OR IF THE ACCUMULATED PRODUCTION HAS REACHED AT LEAST 70% OF ITS PRODUCIBLE CAPACITY. ANP HAS CONDUCTED VARIOUS BIDDING ROUNDS WITH MATURE FIELDS TO STIMULATE PRODUCTION. IN ORDER TO OPTIMIZE PRODUCTION, IT IS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND THE GEOLOGICAL SETTING AND PLAYS. IN MANY CASES DATA THAT ARE AVAILABLE COULD BENEFIT FROM NEW TECHNOLOGIES TO PRODUCE A BETTER INTEGRATED IMAGE OF THE SUBSURFACE. ELECTROMAGNETIC METHODS, E.G., MAGNETOTELLURICS (MT), HAS BEEN USED BY MANY OPERATORS TO ENHANCE THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE SUBSURFACE. IN THIS PRESENTATION, WE WILL BRIEFLY DESCRIBE THE MAGNETOTELLURIC METHOD (MT) AND SHOW VARIOUS EXAMPLE OF ITS APPLICATION IN MATURE FIELDS WITH CORRELATION TO WELL LOGS. THE FIELD CASE HISTORIES AND DATA COMPARISON ARE FROM THE RECÔNCAVO BASIN AND THE CARMÓPOLIS FIELD IN SERGIPE-ALAGOAS BASIN. SINCE THE MT DATA COVERAGE IS BROAD AND REACHES VARIOUS KILOMETERS IN DEPTH, IT IS AN EXCELLENT TOOL TO INTEGRATE WITH AND COMPLEMENT OTHER DATA SETS, LIKE WELL LOG DATA AND ALSO WITH OTHER GEOPHYSICAL DATA SETS, E.G., SEISMIC AND/OR POTENTIAL FIELD DATA."
INICIATIVAS DE IOR NA EQUINOR
Authors: COSTA MARIA CLARA
Published: April 2022

IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY (IOR) IS THE ULTIMATE DISCOVERY IN ANY OILFIELD. EQUINOR HAS A LONG HISTORY OF EVALUATING AND IMPLEMENTING IOR PROJECTS ON THE NORWEGIAN CONTINENTAL SHELF (NCS), WHERE IT WAS OBSERVED THAT INFILL DRILLING AND WELL COST REDUCTION ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT MEASURES, WHILE A HOLISTIC APPROACH FROM ALL DISCIPLINES, COLLABORATION AND INTEGRATED WORK IS NEEDED FOR ACHIEVING SUCCESSFUL RESULTS. IOR IS ALSO RELEVANT TO THE CLIMATE AMBITIONS TO REDUCE THE CARBON FOOTPRINT: IT ENABLES CO2 EMISSIONS PER PRODUCED BARREL FROM FIELD EXTENSION TO BE LOWERED DUE TO HIGHER PRODUCTION, COMPARED TO ENDING THE PRODUCTION EARLIER. GIVEN ITS HISTORY WITH IOR IN THE NORWEGIAN CONTINENTAL SHELF, EQUINOR BROUGHT SOME OF ITS EXPERIENCE TO BRAZIL, MORE SPECIFICALLY TO PEREGRINO FIELD, A HEAVY OIL ASSET OPERATED BY THE COMPANY, AND TO RONCADOR, A PARTNER OPERATED LICENSE ESTABLISHED WITH PETROBRAS IN 2017. THIS EXPERTISE IS ALSO BEING APPLIED TO THE PRE-SALT PROJECTS UNDER DEVELOPMENT, AIMING TO PREPARE THE FIELDS FOR THE LATE LIFE SINCE ITS STARTUP. THE PRESENTATION BRINGS SOME OF THE TECHNIQUES USED, AND HOW THEY ARE INCORPORATED INTO THE COMPANY’S WORKFLOW, SO THAT THEY CAN BE PROPERLY ASSESSED AND IMPLEMENTED, SHOWING HOW IT IS POSSIBLE TO UNLOCK EXTRA OIL FROM THE RESERVOIRS ENABLING THE FIELDS LIFETIME EXTENSION.
RELATIVE PERMEABILITY: FROM BASIC CONCEPTS TO CO2 SEQUESTRATION
Authors: HOLMES KORY
Published: April 2022

THE PROGRAM WILL INTRODUCE THREE TOPICS FOR FLOW DISPLACEMENTS IN RESERVOIR. THE FIRST TWO METHODS, RELATIVE PERMEABILITY AND ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY, WILL LOOK AT METHODS TO EVALUATE HYDROCARBON RECOVERY IN PETROLEUM RESERVOIR. THE RELATIVE PERMEABILITY SECTION WILL INCLUDE THE HISTORY OF WATERFLOODING, THE THEORY BEHIND THE DATA EVALUATION, WHAT INFLUENCES HYDROCARBON RECOVERY, AND THE VARIOUS TEST METHODS USED TO EVALUATE RELATIVE PERMEABILITY. THE SECOND SECTION WILL INTRODUCE THE TECHNIQUES FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY AND HELP EVERYONE UNDERSTAND THE COSTS INVOLVED IN PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY IN THE FIELD. THE THIRD SECTION WILL DISCUSS A TOPIC THAT IS QUICKLY MOVING INTO ALL ENERGY PRODUCING SECTORS, THE ABILITY TO SAFELY DISPOSE OF CAPTURED CARBON DIOXIDE IN SALINE AQUIFERS.
RELEVANT LABORATORY PARAMETERS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF LOW SALINITY WATER INJECTION AS A TERTIARY RECOVERY METHOD
Authors: OLIVEIRA HOERLLE FERNANDA
Published: April 2022

LOW SALINITY WATER INJECTION MAY BE A VIABLE STRATEGY FOR INCREASING PRODUCTION IN MATURE FIELDS. CORE FLOOD EXPERIMENTS UNDER CONDITIONS SIMILAR TO THOSE OF THE RESERVOIR ARE NECESSARY TO EVALUATE THE RECOVERY POTENTIAL OF THIS METHOD, ESPECIALLY IN WATER-OIL RATIOS CLOSE TO THOSE OF REAL FLUIDS. CARRYING OUT EXPERIMENTS AT HIGH INJECTION RATE IS ALSO IMPORTANT TO AVOID CAPILLARY END. ALONG WITH CORE FLOOD EXPERIMENTS, LOW SALINITY WATER-OIL CONTACT TESTS THAT ASSESS THE PRESENCE OF MICRO DISPERSION (SPONTANEOUS EMULSIFICATION AFTER STATIC CONTACT) HAVE BEEN USED TO IDENTIFY FIELDS THAT CAN BENEFIT FROM INCREASED OIL PRODUCTION AFTER LOW SALINITY INJECTION. GIVEN THE RELEVANCE OF THESE FACTORS, THE OBJECTIVE WAS TO EVALUATE THE INFLUENCE OF THE WATER-OIL RATIO ON OIL PRODUCTION AFTER TERTIARY INJECTION OF LOW SALINITY WATER, AS WELL AS TO EVALUATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PRESENCE OF MICRO-DISPERSIONS AND INCREASED OIL PRODUCTION IN COMPARISON WITH RESULTS OF LITERATURE. THE METHODOLOGY USED TO CHARACTERIZE THE PERFORMANCE OF THIS RECOVERY METHOD WERE CORE FLOOD TEST, WATER-OIL CONTACT, INTERFACIAL TENSION AND CONTACT ANGLE AT HIGH PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE (1000 PSI, 60°C). TO ACHIEVE A WATER-OIL VISCOSITY RATIO SIMILAR TO THAT OF THE FIELD OF INTEREST, CYCLOHEXANE WAS USED TO DILUTE THE OIL AT A 60/40 V/V RATIO. CORE FLOOD TESTS WERE PERFORMED AT LOW AND HIGH INJECTION FLOW RATES, 5 CM³/H AND 60-480 CM³/H, RESPECTIVELY. RESULTS SHOW THAT, FOR THE STUDIED SCENARIO, THE FORMATION OF MICRO DISPERSION WAS SMALL AND THE LOW SALINITY WATER ALLOWED ADDITIONAL OIL RECOVERY IN THE LOW INJECTION FLOW SYSTEM. LOW SALINITY WATER HAD THE POTENTIAL TO MODIFY ROCK WETTABILITY AFTER A LONG PERIOD OF EXPOSURE. IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT THE MICRO DISPERSION WATER-OIL RATIO IN THIS STUDIED SCENARIO DID NOT INDICATE A POSITIVE LOW SALINITY WATER RESPONSE AS INCREASE IN OIL RECOVERY. THE LOW PRESENCE OF MICRO DISPERSION IS IN AGREEMENT WITH THE LITERATURE RESULTS THAT DEMONSTRATED THE ABSENCE OF TERTIARY RECOVERY AFTER INJECTION OF LOW SALINITY WATER FOR OILS WITH A MICRO DISPERSION CONTENT LOWER THAN 3, DEMONSTRATING THAT THIS METHODOLOGY CAN BE BENEFICIAL FOR FAST IDENTIFICATION OF OILS BEFORE PERFORMING MORE COMPLEX EXPERIMENTS SUCH AS CORE FLOOD. CONDUCTING AN EXPERIMENT WITH OIL WITH HIGHER MICRO DISPERSION CONTENT IS RECOMMENDED TO VALIDATE THIS THEORY.
THE KEY TO REVITALIZING YOUR FIELD IS HOW DYNAMIC YOUR DATA IS
Authors: FERNANDO QUINTERO LUIS
Published: April 2022

A REVITALIZED FIELD IS ONE WITH A NEW LIFE. IT IS THE OPERATOR’S EXPECTATION THAT THE NEW BEHAVIOR OF THE TARGET RESERVOIRS IS ONE OF HIGHER HYDROCARBON PRODUCTION RATES (QHC) AND BETTER RECOVERY FACTOR (RF), WHILE OPTIMIZING COSTS/BARREL AND REDUCING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IN A SAFE MANNER. IN CONTRAST TO GREEN FIELDS, WHERE AN INCREASE IN QHC IS ASSOCIATED WITH A POTENTIAL DECREASE IN RF, IN MATURE FIELDS THESE TWO KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS GO HAND IN HAND. HENCE, TO REVITALIZE A FIELD IT IS RECOMMENDED TO PROPERLY UNDERSTAND THE FIELD’S HYDROCARBON PRODUCTION GAP. SINCE THE FIELDS PRODUCE FROM WELLS, WE CAN NARROW OUR FOCUS IN THE WELL’S PRODUCTION BEHAVIOR. A PRODUCTION GAP IS THE SUBTRACTION OF TWO VALUES FROM THE NODAL ANALYSIS PLOT. THE FIRST NODE IS THE WELL’S CURRENT PRODUCTION RATE. THIS VALUE IS MEASURED, HAS THE MAXIMUM RELIABILITY, AND HENCE IS CONSIDERED “HARD DATA.” THE SECOND VALUE IS THE WELL’S THEORETICAL MAXIMUM RATE, WHICH IS CALCULATED USING SEVERAL ASSUMPTIONS AND HENCE IS LESS DEPENDABLE AND CONSIDERED “SOFT DATA”. THE PRODUCTION GAP IS THEREFORE, BY DEFINITION, SOFT DATA. NEVERTHELESS, IT IS THIS GAP, AND NOTHING ELSE, THAT DICTATES WHICH KIND OF WELL INTERVENTIONS ARE ADVISABLE TO REVITALIZE WELLS AND FIELDS. PETROPHYSICISTS PROVIDE BY FAR THE HARDEST DATA DUE TO THE PROXIMITY OF THE SENSORS TO THE RESERVOIR FLUID AND ROCK. CUTTINGS AND FLUID ANALYSIS FROM MUD LOGGING, SIDEWALL OR WHOLE CORES, CONVENTIONAL OR ADVANCED LOGGING VIA WIRELINE OR LWD, PROVIDE THE GEOSCIENTIST WITH PERMEABILITY, POROSITY, WATER SATURATION, PORE AND PORE THROAT SIZE, CEMENT-TO-CASING BOND, ETC., WHICH ARE A FEW OF THE MANY INPUTS NEEDED FOR THE INFLOW PERFORMANCE RATIO CURVE; WHEREAS ROUGHNESS, TUBING ID, FLOWING BOTTOMHOLE TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE, WATER CUT, ETC. ARE CRUCIAL FOR THE OUTFLOW CURVE. HOWEVER, THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN SOFT DATA AND HARD IS ALSO DEPENDENT ON THE CHANGES WITH TIME OF THE DIFFERENT PARAMETERS AND ASSUMPTIONS REQUIRED FOR PROPER NODAL ANALYSIS. TWO TIME-WINDOWS BECOME OBVIOUS: THE OBSERVATION WINDOW AND THE APPLICATION WINDOW. SOME OF THE PARAMETERS MENTIONED ABOVE WILL REMAIN CONSTANT WITHIN THE OBSERVATION WINDOW BUT CHANGE WITHIN THE APPLICATION WINDOW, WHEREAS OTHERS WILL REMAIN CONSTANT OR CHANGE IN ONE OR BOTH. THEREFORE, THE DIAGNOSTIC OF THE CAUSES OF THE SUBOPTIMUM PRODUCTION MUST INVOLVE AN UNDERSTANDING OF WHETHER THE DATA IS STATIC, PSEUDOSTATIC, PSEUDODYNAMIC OR DYNAMIC. IN ORDER FOR PROPER FIELD REVITALIZATION, IS NOT ONLY ESSENTIAL TO UNDERSTAND THE VALUE OF CERTAIN PARAMETERS, BUT ALSO HOW HARD OR RELIABLE THESE PARAMETERS ARE WITH TIME. THE KEY TO REVITALIZING MATURE FIELDS IS UNDERSTANDING HOW DYNAMIC YOUR DATA IS.
Minimalisasi Biaya Pendistribusian Air PDAM Tirtanadi Cabang Deli Tua dengan Menerapkan Metode Modified Distribution (MODI)
Authors: Abimayu Satria , Dur Sajaratud , Cipta Hendra
Published: April 2022

PDAM Tirtanadi is a large company owned by Sumatera Utara region which has been operating since 1905. In distributing water, PDAM Tirtanadi spends a lot of money. The purpose of this research is to apply the Modified Distribution (MODI) method in order to achieve minimum costs in distributing water to water companies PDAM Tirtanadi. In completing the transportation method, the researcher uses two stages, namely first to find an initial solution using the North West Corner (NWC) method and secondly to improve the initial solution to find out whether it is optimal or not using the Modified Distribution (MODI) method. The results of the study use the initial solution using the North West Corner method and secondly. improve the initial solution to find out whether it is optimal or not with the Modified Distribution (MODI) method at the water company PDAM Tirtanadi Deli Tua branch in April it was Rp 7,773,282,978
Analisis Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Berbelanja Baju Polos dan Sablon Digital di Toko Cititex Cabang Kota Pematangsiantar
Authors: Chairani Yulia , Suhada Suhada , Hardinata Jaya Tata
Published: April 2022

The satisfaction of consumers shopping for plain clothes at the Cititex store in the Pematangsiantar branch is one of the most important things in assessing the level of service and quality provided by the store to its consumers. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of service to consumers in terms of Quality (Quality), Responsiveness (Responsiveness), Empathy (Empathy) to consumers. At the Cititex plain clothes shop, the Pematangsian branch, these three aspects have not been measured with certainty, so the shop finds it difficult to determine which aspects should be improved. The method used in this study is the C4.5 Algorithm, where the data source used is a questionnaire technique given to consumers. The research test process uses RapidMiner software to create a decision tree. The results obtained 2 rules for the classification of the level of consumer satisfaction with the quality of materials and store service. The C4.5 algorithm can be used in the case of consumer satisfaction at the Cititex plain clothes shop, Pematangsiantar branch with an accuracy rate of 96.50%. From the results of the analysis is expected to improve the quality of materials and services in providing services to consumers to be even better
Penerapan Algoritma Apriori dalam Menentukan Pola Penjualan Produk Pertanian
Authors: Sirait Wiranto Hernandesz , Saifullah Saifullah , Jalaluddin Jalaluddin
Published: April 2022

Agricultural products are an important component in agriculture. Agricultural products cover various types of needs in agriculture such as fertilizers, pesticides, and plant seeds. Good layout arrangement of goods in a store can increase time efficiency in terms of service to consumers and increase consumer buying interest in the store. Transaction data on sales of agricultural products owned by UD. Muara Tani has not been used properly by shop owners. The a priori algorithm is one of the methods found in data mining that is often used to find the occurrence/frequency of interconnected data patterns. The a priori algorithm can be used to find patterns of association relationships that exist in sales patterns. Based on calculations using the a priori algorithm, 5 association rules were formed with amount minimum of support 30% and minimum confidence 80%. That is, if you buy UREA agricultural products, you may also buy KCL, ZA, SP-36, NPK and LANNATE agricultural products
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Vendor Project Menerapkan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Authors: Apriyaningsih Apriyaningsih
Published: April 2022

Procurement of goods and services is one of the initial stages in the procurement of a project, including the selection of project vendors. Some of the problems that exist when working on a project such as delays in the provision of spare parts and incompetent experts in project work greatly affect the smooth running of the project. The right vendor selection is one of the keys to the company's success in completing a project. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is a method that can help companies make decisions, especially in the selection of project vendors. From the results of calculations using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method for the selection of project vendors based on the main criteria, the most important in selecting project vendors is quality with a weight of 0.36, Vendor  B is in first place with a weight of 0.35 or equal to 33.1%, vendor A is in the second position at 0.30 or 27.4%, vendor D is in the third position at 0.18 or 21.4%, the last position is occupied by vendor C at 0.17 or 18.1%
Analisis Kualitas Produk dan Kepuasan Pelanggan Terhadap Pelayanan Indihome di Jakarta Pusat
Authors: Putra Resky Illahi Dwi , Aji Achmad Maezar Bayu
Published: April 2022

PT. Telkom (Telekomunikasi Indonesia) is a state-owned enterprise that has an important contribution to society because it is engaged in telecommunications services. Indihome is one of the service products from PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia, which provides packages of landline, internet, and television services. In an effort to provide information services, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of internet services so that the service provider is able to maintain performance and improve performance where there are still shortcomings in performance from the user's point of view. To determine the level of service performance, this research was carried out by applying the servqual method and Importance Performance Analysis. The assessment of user satisfaction is based on five dimensions, namely Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy and Tangibles which later on each attribute performance will be classified into quadrant I which is the main priority to improve its service, quadra II attributes that need to be maintained because they have provided satisfactory service, quadrant III attributes that have low priority and quadrant IV attributes that are considered less important but have good performance. The results of this study indicate that the largest gap or gap lies in the Responsiveness dimension with a value of -1.00 and the smallest gap in the Empathy dimension with a value of -0.43. while based on the calculation of the Importance Performance Analysis the overall user suitability level is 83% which means that the services provided by the agency/company are in accordance with the user's perception. Where the user's perception of website services has been fulfilled
Tapping the New Source of Growth: New Marketing Strategy for a Heavy Equipment Distributor in the Nickel-Mining Sector
Authors:   School of Business and Management, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Kusuma Nindita Cahya
Published: April 2022

Indonesia which owns 23% of the world’s nickel reserves, is in the early phase of the nickel sector development, which affects the heavy equipment industry to support operations. PT Kaizen Distributor, Tbk is a seller of an Articulated Dump Truck (ADT) and the sole distributor of the Kaizen brand in Indonesia. To date, the corporate has focused only on sales to the coal and gold mining sector and is yet to conduct nickel-mining market penetration to the fullest. This is indicated by a decrease in the corporate nickel sub-sector contribution from 26% to 16% and instability of unit sales. While the current ADT competition is very competitive, therefore, the purpose of this research is to formulate a new marketing strategy to focus on the nickel-mining segment. The qualitative methods were used by carrying out observations, in-depth interviews, and utilizing supporting data from internal and external corporate reports. SWOT Analysis is a generic framework used for business environment analysis. The Positioning Maps and the Existing 4Ps Marketing Mix are used to assess the corporate’s positioning and strategies. As the research result, the corporate needs to develop strategies based on the relationship between the corporate's internal-external environment factors using TOWS and make changes in Positioning regarding more product variety and more attractive promotion campaigns. This repositioning is supported by the development of the Existing 4Ps Marketing Mix, such as by improving the features of existing products and proposing a larger capacity type, considering pricing strategies, increasing supply allocation, widening market area coverage, attractive maintenance packages, flexible financing, and product bundling package offers. Also, the addition of other 3Ps as a form of improvement is by evaluating salesperson’s competency in entering new markets, increasing the efficiency of customer surveys, and adding new product support points.
Diffusion and Adoption of Biochar Innovations in Agriculture at Gunungsari Village, Bumiaji Subdistrict, Batu City, East Java, Indonesia
Authors:   Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya Malang, Lestari Adyla Mita
Published: April 2022

Biochar is a solid material obtained from the carbonization process of biomass. In the process of making biochar one of them can be done by using cow animal feed waste such as corn nuggets. The process of diffusion and adoption of biochar innovations by using bonggol (janggel) corn ini is very suitable for areas that have large types of livestock such as dairy cows as done in Gunungsari Village, Bumiaji Subdistrict, Batu City. For this reason, the focus of this research study is to analyze in depth related to diffusion proses and the adoption of farmers' biochar innovations in adopting biochar in Gunungsari Village, Bumiaji District, Batu City. The type of research used in this study is to use qualitative methods with phenomenological approaches. The results showed that the elements of the innovation diffusion process in biochar were known that one of the biochar innovations was the right way to overcome various existing problems. There are two main problems that can be overcome by innovation, namely alleviating the problem of animal feed waste that exists, and overcoming the scarcity of fertilizer that occurs in the community of Gunungsari Village. Then in terms of communication channels, it is done by providing knowledge to Gunungsari farmers, so as to grant the trust and attention of the recipients of this innovation. Furthermore, in the existing social system in Gunungsari there is a social structure that provides levels of social status to its members. Gunungsari village leaders are the first people to be targeted in conducting communication patterns. In his sosilization, sanggat village leaders played a role in convincing to conduct trials first at the head of the farmer group. So, in the end, this biochar innovation can be accepted by the community and used well even through a long period of time.
Synthesis and characterization of some New 2- and 6- substituted of 5- Acetyl - 4- (P- phenyl) Pyrimidine and substituted thieno [2, 3- d] Pyrimidine
Authors: Hussein Khlood Abdulla Ahmed , Kassium Yacoob Abdulla
Published: April 2022

The series of new pyrimidines derivatives 2- and 6- Substituted of 5 - Acetyl - 4 - (P- phenyl) Pyrimidine and Substituted thieno [2, 3- d] Pyrimidine are synthesis by the reaction between some substituted of benzaldehydes with ethyl aceto acetate in the present of ethanol as a solvent to give the products(3e-h), when react alkyl halide with (3e-h) in ethanol obtain new Pyrimidine derivatives(4e-h) heating them with phosphorous oxy chloride in dioxane to form (5e-h) which reacts with thiourea in ethanol to produce (6e-h) these compounds reacting with chloro acetic acid to form new Substituted thieno [2,3-d] Pyrimidine (8e-h). All the synthesized compounds of new pyrimidines derivatives are identified by the physical properties by it's melting points, colors and the yields are characterized by the elemental (CHN)analysis, IR, UV Spectrum.
Steam reforming of methane over nickel catalyst using a one-dimensional model
Authors: Rakhi Rakhi , Günther Vivien , Richter Jana , Mauss Fabian
Published: April 2022

Steam reforming of hydrocarbons is a well established chemical process which provides synthesis gas (H2 and CO). These synthesis products can hence be converted to numerous valuable basic chemicals. For the industrial application of steam reforming, a detailed understanding of the process is a prerequisite. Models that capture the detailed homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction kinetics and the comprehensive transport processes as well as their interaction have the potential to optimize the catalytic process without expensive experimental campaigns.

In this paper, a detailed investigation has been done using a multi-step reaction mechanism for modeling steam reforming of methane over nickel-based catalyst using a one-dimensional (1D) model, LOGEcat [1]. The model is applicable to the simulation of all standard after-treatment catalytic processes of combustion exhaust gas along with other chemical processes involving heterogeneous catalysis, such as, the Sabatier process [27]. It is a 1D tool, thus is computationally cost effective and is based on a series of perfectly stirred reactors (PSR).

The model is used to perform the simulations for various reactor conditions in terms of temperature, pressure, flow rates and steam-to-carbon (S/C) ratio. Several chemical reaction terms, such as, selectivity, yield, conversion, and mole fraction have been shown with respect to the varied parameters and the results are compared with 2D simulations and experimental reference data. We report a very good agreement of the various profiles produced with 1D model as compared to the reference data.

Note that the main aim of this study is to check how far the 1D model can capture the basic chemistry for modeling steam reforming of methane over nickel-based catalysts. It is interesting to note that the cost effective reduced order model is capable to capture the physics and chemistry involved with a multi-step reaction mechanism showing the predictive capability of the model. This study forms the basis for further analysis towards the thermochemistry of the species to develop a kinetically consistent reaction mechanism.
RAAS inhibitors for hypertensive patients during Covid-19 infection – a metanalysis
Authors: Doull Ffion , Thomas Gethin , Gemmell Elliot
Published: April 2022

Inhibition of the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone system (RAAS) is the leading form of anti-hypertensive treatment, through blockade of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2-r) by angiotensin enzyme inhibitors (ACE-is) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). However, the ACE-r has been found to be a functional receptor for the viral entry of SARS-CoV-2, and increased upregulation of ACE2 by inhibitors could increase the severity of infection. Previous to the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, typical practice in patients with risk of infection would be to withhold ACE inhibitors due to evidence of renal failure. This thesis reviews the impact of RAAS inhibitor use in COVID-19 patients, and if withholding ACE inhibitors could affect the clinical outcome of patients. A total of 22 studies were located form database searching (PubMed, MedRxiv, Google scholar), 15,784 hypertensive COVID-19 patients were documented, with 8,035 taking ACE-is/ARBs treatment in comparison to 7,024 without. RAAS inhibitors were found to decrease likelihood of mortality (OR 0.68 [0.51, 0.90], p = 0.008), but there was no statistically significant difference between RAAS and Non-RAAS in severity (OR 0.91 [0.63, 1.31], p= 0.62). Following these results there would not be sufficient evidence to remove longstanding RAAS inhibitor medication in COVID-19 patients. Rapid data collected during observational trials can now be utilised in long term randomised controlled studies currently ongoing, such as BRACE-CORONA. This allows the opportunity for further analyses of the association between the RAAS system, new variants, genetic polymorphism and the maintenance of blood pressure.
EFFECT OF COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SMEs IN KIAMBU COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Gatimu Samuel Kuhunya , Amuhaya Joyce
Published: April 2022

Purpose: The ever dynamic competitive business environment pose major challenges to SMEs like many other organizations in Kenya and managers have been struggling to compete favorably. According to Porter, superior performance can be realized through pursuit of a competitive generic Strategy. Hence identification and pursuit of the right competitive strategies as a source of superior performance has become a priority in many organizations. Be that as it may, the application of the right strategies is still a concern in many SMEs which have made little effort to comprehend how Generic Strategies can give them a performance advantage over their rivals. Thus, the objectives of this study included examining the effect of Cost leadership, Differentiation and Focus Strategies on the performance of SMEs in Kiambu County.

Methodology: The study was guided by Porters Competitive Strategy Theory, Resource Based View Theory and Resource Dependence Theory.  A descriptive research design will be used targeting 889 SMEs belonging to different sectors; manufacturing has 113, agricultural has 226, essential services that include private schools and health facilities have 217, general merchandise like shops and supermarkets have106, commercial services and other service industries are a total of 227. Proportionate sampling technique was used to select the sample size. Data was collected using questionnaires and then analyzed using correlational and regression analysis. Data was presented in form of means and standard deviation by means of tables.

Findings: The findings of the study confirmed that Differentiation, Cost leadership and Focus strategy had a significant influence on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kiambu County.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study therefore recommends that the government comes in handy to support the SMEs by providing legislation aimed at providing a conducive environment to allow for full operationalization of Competitive strategies which would consequently translate to national economic growth.