bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The dynamic identification mechanism research of drought based on process description
Authors: Shaoxuan Li , Jiancang Xie , Xue Yang , Ruihua Xue , Peiyuan Zhao
Published: August 2022

Drought is one of the most common natural disasters, which can cause heavy losses on a global scale. Strengthening the research on drought identification mechanism has an important guiding role in drought disaster prevention and mitigation. The current drought identification is mostly static in the process of drought, and there is a problem that the historical evaluation information and the drought prediction information are not closely combined, with limited application value. Based on the physical cumulative and recessional effects of drought events, this paper further uses the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) to divide the whole drought process into four stages: accumulation → outbreak → reaction → restoration. In addition, this study proposes a new dynamic identification mechanism based on drought process, and develops a drought prediction model combining singular spectrum analysis and BP neural network (SSA-BPNN), filling the gap between scientific research and practical application. Using three drought events in the Yulin region of China as examples for simulation studies, the results show that the use of the new mechanism can not only improve the application value of the SSA-BPNN model, but also effectively advance the drought preparation time and resistance level.
General Introduction
Authors: Hussein Mekni Nejib Ben , Raouafi Noureddine
Published: August 2022

This first chapter is a general introduction to the book in which we give a
background on the Ca-Cσ-bond containing organocalcium compounds, which are less
studied as compared to other organometallic compounds.
We describe the interest in synthesizing the synthesized organometallic intermediates
and products as well as their application fields such as chemistry, biology, medicine,
pharmacology, and industry.
It is indicated that such compounds are not well-known because of the low reactivity of
calcium elements, the low solubility of oraganocalcium intermediates and products in
common organic solvents, their instability resulting from their high reactivity, cause
their degradation and the degradation of their preferred ethereal solvents.
Despite the significant difference in electronegativity value between the two elements,
the Ca-Cσ-bonds have a covalent polar character. In many cases, the coordination
considerably decreases the calcium electropositive character, facilitating the formation
of the Ca-Cσ-covalent bond.
The difficulties in synthesizing such compounds, their degradation property and
catalytic behaviour as well as the spectroscopy technics used to identify their structures
are also described.
The Synthetic Methods, Structures, and Properties of the Ca-Cσ Bond Organocalcium Containing Compounds
Authors: Hussein Mekni Nejib Ben , Raouafi Noureddine
Published: August 2022

This reference describes the chemistry of organocalcium compounds that contain a Ca-Cσbond. It collects the information about
this niche group of organometallic compounds into 4 easy-to-read chapters. It is intended for scholars in the field of organic chemistry,
and researchers in industrial chemistry and chemical engineering departments.

Key features:

- Presents a comparison to homologous compounds of other alkaline earth metals.

- Explains the main problems encountered in the synthesis of organocalcium compounds with reference to the reactivity of calcium, the low solubility in common solvents and the high reactivity of the formed intermediates and products

- Highlights many concepts about the Ca-C bond such as the steric hindrance, degrading agent properties, organocalcium spectroscopy, and more
Effect of Fly Ash on the Physical Properties of Illite-Based Ceramics
Authors: Húlan Tomáš , Ondruška Ján
Published: August 2022

The book investigates the potential use of fly ash as a secondary raw material. Emphasis is placed on the effects of the admixture of power plant fly ash from lignite combustion on the properties of ceramic bodies in the building industry.
Types, Properties and Characteristics of Piezoelectric Materials
Authors: Kalyana Lakshmi Y.
Published: August 2022

Piezoelectric materials are an important class of materials that find application in science and technology, in engineering and in modern warfare as pressure transducers, sensors and energy harvesting devices. Selection of suitable piezoelectric materials relies on several factors such as the type, Curie temperature, environmental stability, different physical properties and their characterization depending different measurement techniques. Several aspects and typical characteristic constants that are necessary for selection of suitable piezoelectric composition are very broadly highlighted in this chapter. Fundamental properties obtained from different characterization tools were concisely discussed with respect to piezoelectric materials which also show ferroelectric behavior.
Piezoelectric Materials based Phototronics
Authors: Singh M.
Published: August 2022

In 2010, the fundamentals of piezo-phototronics were introduced. By applying stress, a piezo potential is formed in a non-central symmetrical crystal due to ion polarisation. Due to the co-existence of semiconductor and piezoelectricity characteristics, piezo potential induced in the crystal is of significant impact on charge transfer at the junction/interface. The phototronic product uses the piezo capability to manage carrier formation, separation, transportation, and recombination to improve the performance of optoelectronic devices such as photon detectors, solar cells and LED. Today, most of the unique applications in this field can be found in sensing, human-computer interfacing, actuating nanorobotics by effectively integrating piezo-phototronic devices and piezotronic with silicon-based CMOS technology. This chapter gives an insight into the fundamentals of piezo-phototronics.
Piezoelectric Materials for Biomedical and Energy Harvesting Applications
Authors: Akram N.
Published: August 2022

Researchers explore alternative energy harvesting technologies because nonrenewable energy sources cause environmental pollution and energy crises. Mechanical energy can be turned into usable electricity, which may help to fulfill energy demand without environmental issues because it is the most common form of energy. Piezoelectric behavior is the distended energy harvesting mechanism based on high electromechanical connection influence and piezoelectric influence. Recent research in mineral, polymer, natural, and advance functional piezoelectric materials (AFPM) with biological effects is discussed. Piezoelectric power harvesting at different scales (nano, micro, etc.) has been discussed in various fields like transport, biomedical uses, wearing and inserting electronic devices, and tissue redevelopment. Piezocomposite and piezoelectric energy harvesting technology are examined along with their developments, limitations, and possible enhancements. This study covers a wide range of piezoelectric materials that may provide power to wireless devices in various applications.
Piezoelectric Materials for Sensor Applications
Authors: Pawar D.
Published: August 2022

Today, the piezoelectric materials are the state-of-art materials due to their mesmerizing property of tuning mechanical strain or vibrational energy into an electrical energy and vice versa, and therefore, it is considered very promising for future technological applications. In this chapter, the details including fundamental mechanism of piezoelectricity, fabrication methods, newly designed piezoelectric materials, and their applications in various fields are deeply reviewed. The conclusion and the future outlook are discussed.
The Effect of Candlenut (Aleurites Moluccana I Willd.) Seed Flour in Native Chicken Feeding Toward the Internal Egg Quality and Cholesterol Contens
Authors: Leke Jein Rinny , Sompie Florencia , Bagau Betty , Podung Albert , Sarajar Cherlie , Siahaan Ratna , Pudjihastuti Endang , Widodo Eko
Published: August 2022

The research aimed to examine effects of Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. (Candlenut) Seed Flour used in feed toward egg quality and cholesterol contents of egg-laying native chicken. The research method used was Completely Randomized Design and was continued with Duncan’s test if significant different present. There were 5 treatments comprising of R0 = 100 % of Basal Diet (BD), R1 = 98.5% of Basal Diet (BD) + 1.5 % of Candlenut Seed Flour (CSF), R2 = 97 % of Basal Diet (BD) + 3% of CSF, R3 = 95.5% of Basal Diet (BD) + 4.5 % of CSF, R4 = 94% of Basal Diet (BD) + 6 % of CSF and replications, of which each replication consisted of 8 egg-laying native chickens. In addition, 50 eggs derived from egg-laying native chickens were taken weekly for quality analysis. Variables of this research were egg weight (g/egg), albumen (g/egg), yolk colour, yolk weight (g/egg), egg yolk cholesterol (mg/100g), blood cholesterol (ml/dl), blood LDL (ml/dl), blood HDL (ml/dl), and blood triglycerides (ml/dl), and egg shell’s weight (g/egg) and thickness (mm). As a result, the effects of CSF up to 6 percent of feeding had significant result (P<0.01) to egg’s weight, albumen, yolk colour, yolk weight, cholesterol, blood cholesterol, blood LDL, blood HDL and blood triglycerides, but not significant (p>0.05) on egg shell’s weight and thickness. Therefore, the use of 6 % of Candlenut) Seed Flour in feed had positive effects to improve egg quality and cholesterol contents of egg-laying native chicken.
Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Multiflora Honey from Kerinci, Jambi
Authors: Apriantini Astari , Endrawati Yuni Cahya , Yunia Olin Aulia
Published: August 2022

Honey is a sweet, syrup-like substance that bees (Apis sp.) produce from the nectar of flowering plants. The aim of this study was to examine the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of multifloral honey (Apis dorsata forest honey) and (Apis cerana cultivated honey) from Kerinci, Jambi. The analysis consist of the intensity of colour, pH, viscosity, water content, ash content, sugar content, HMF content, acidity and antioxidant activity. The results showed that forest honey had light amber colour while cultivated honey had extra light amber colour. The pH, viscosity, water content, sugar content, HMF content, and acidity in forest honey were still in compliance with SNI standard, but the ash content was higher than the SNI standard. Cultivated honey had pH, sugar content, and HMF content in the range of SNI standar. However, the viscosity, water content, ash content, and acidity in cultivated honey were not in compliance with SNI standar. Forest honey and cultivated honey had antioxidant capacities about 16,74 mgVCE/g and 16,60 mgVCE/g, respectively. Meanwhile the antioxidant activity were 63,80% and 63,28%, respectively. Forest honey had more physicochemical aspects that were still in compliance with SNI standards compared to cultivated honey. The antioxidant activities of Kerinci honey, both forest honey and cultivated honey, were higher than the results of previous honey studies in other location.
Chemical Characteristics of Beef Rendang from the Results of Coconut Milk Substitution with Fibercreme
Authors: Ramadhani Amelia Arum , Widati Aris Sri , Rosyidi Djalal
Published: August 2022

Rendang is one of the original Indonesian dishes originating from Minangkabau, West Sumatra. Making rendang in general uses the main ingredients in the form of beef, coconut milk and various kinds of spices and seasonings. Coconut milk contains high saturated fat which has the potential to cause various degenerative diseases if consumed in excess. Coconut milk can be replaced with FiberCreme. FiberCreme is a non-dairy creamer that can replace coconut milk, the main component of which is dietary fiber. FiberCreme has a taste that is almost similar to coconut milk. Adding FiberCreme to food as a substitute for coconut milk will make it taste delicious and creamy. In fact, FiberCreme has a lower fat and calorie content. The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate substitution treatment of coconut milk with FiberCreme for use in the manufacture of beef rendang. The research material used was gandik beef, coconut milk, FiberCreme, and rendang seasoning. This study used a completely randomized design consisting of P0 (100% coconut milk), P1 (75% coconut milk: 25% FiberCreme), P2 (50% coconut milk: 50% FiberCreme), P3 (25% coconut milk: 75% FiberCreme), P4 (100% FiberCreme) with 4 replications. Data analysis used ANOVA, followed by Duncan's Multiple Distance Test (DMRT) if the results showed significantly different or very significant effects. The values of moisture content, fat content, total calories, free fatty acids (FFA), and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) were used as variables to be analyzed. The substitution treatment of coconut milk with FiberCreme had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the moisture content of rendang, but it had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on fat content, total calories, free fatty acids (FFA), thiobarbituric acid (TBA). It can be concluded that the use of 100% FiberCreme gave the best results on the chemical characteristics of beef rendang.
Uso y partición de nicho ecológico por la avifauna en árboles de Ficus (Rosales: Moraceae) en paisajes ganaderos de Córdoba, Colombia
Authors: Navarro G Yulisa M , Ballesteros Jesús
Published: August 2022

La ganadería extensiva produce cambios de uso del suelo, generando una matriz de pastizales con pocos árboles dispersos, lo cual afecta negativamente la biodiversidad. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar el uso que las aves dan a los árboles del género Ficus en paisajes ganaderos, y cómo las especies se reparten el nicho. Se seleccionaron 5 árboles de Ficus separados 300 metros entre sí, y se registró todas las especies de aves que interactuaron con Ficus, tipos de uso, estratificación vertical. Se registraron 77 especies y 8 tipos de uso, siendo “Percha” y “consumo de frutos” los más frecuentes. Se registró 63 especies de aves en el estrato alto, 40 en el estrato medio y 45 en el estrato bajo de los árboles, con mayor abundancia en el estrato medio. Los resultados indican que los árboles de Ficus dispersos en los potreros, representan un importante recurso para las aves, las cuales parecen presentar partición espacial del nicho, con presencia de especies exclusivas en los diferentes estratos de los árboles. Se concluye que Ficus sp., que por su provisión asincrónica de frutos representa un recurso clave para muchas especies de aves residentes y migratorias, así como de oferta insectos, sitios de percha y refugio, lo cual favorece la conservación de la diversidad de aves en estos paisajes fuertemente transformados.
Uso y partición de nicho ecológico por la avifauna en árboles de Ficus (Rosales: Moraceae) en paisajes ganaderos de Córdoba, Colombia
Authors: Navarro G Yulisa M , Ballesteros Jesus
Published: August 2022

La ganadería extensiva produce cambios de uso del suelo, generando una matriz de pastizales con pocos árboles dispersos, lo cual afecta negativamente la biodiversidad. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar el uso que las aves dan a los árboles del género Ficus en paisajes ganaderos, y cómo las especies se reparten el nicho. Se seleccionaron 5 árboles de Ficus separados 300 metros entre sí, y se registró todas las especies de aves que interactuaron con Ficus, tipos de uso, estratificación vertical. Se registraron 77 especies y 8 tipos de uso, siendo “Percha” y “consumo de frutos” los más frecuentes. Se registró 63 especies de aves en el estrato alto, 40 en el estrato medio y 45 en el estrato bajo de los árboles, con mayor abundancia en el estrato medio. Los resultados indican que los árboles de Ficus dispersos en los potreros, representan un importante recurso para las aves, las cuales parecen presentar partición espacial del nicho, con presencia de especies exclusivas en los diferentes estratos de los árboles. Se concluye que Ficus sp., que por su provisión asincrónica de frutos representa un recurso clave para muchas especies de aves residentes y migratorias, así como de oferta insectos, sitios de percha y refugio, lo cual favorece la conservación de la diversidad de aves en estos paisajes fuertemente transformados.
Evaluación de extractos metanólicos de dos especies de gracilaria (Rodophyta) como agentes antibacterianos
Authors: Mogollón Martha J , Gonzalez Julieth , Montalvo Alexandra , Arango Carolina , Vallejo Adriana
Published: August 2022

Se evaluó la actividad antibacteriana de dos extractos metanólicos de Gracilaria blodgettii y Gracilaria damaecornis (Rodophyta) colectadas en el sector Punta Bello municipio de San Antero-Córdoba. Esta actividad se estimó teniendo en cuenta el periodo de colecta, el ciclo reproductivo de las macroalgas y diferentes diluciones de los extractos: 5120, 2560, 1280, 640, 320, 160, 80, 40 ppm (partes por millón); se utilizaron las cepas bacterianas Escherichia coli (ATCC 25923) y Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25922) siguiendo el método de difusión en agar empleando sensidiscos (Bauer et al., 1966). En los resultados se observó que ambos extractos sin diluir obtenidos de las algas colectadas en los diferentes periodos de muestreos, mostraron inhibición en el crecimiento de la cepas E. coli y S. aureus. Los extractos algales sobre la cepa bacteriana S. aureus ejercieron una respuesta positiva a una mayor dilución, a diferencia de la cepa bacteriana E. coli, que no presentó actividad inhibitoria en las demás diluciones; la fase de vida que predominó corresponde a la fase tetrasporofítica. Esta investigación constituye el primer reporte local en relación a la actividad antibacteriana de los extractos metanólicos de G. blodgettii y G. damaecornis sobre E. coli y S. aureus.
Diseño de electrodonadores basados en diciclopentapirrol que permiten una alta fotoconversión en celdas solares orgánicas
Authors: Cuadrado Walter J , Ensuncho Adolfo E , Perez Dairo E
Published: August 2022

En este estudio, hemos diseñado teóricamente una serie de electrodonadores del tipo D-π-A que contienen un fragmento π enlazador para obtener los derivados del diciclopentapirrol (D-DCP-A), que podrían ser utilizados en celdas solares orgánicas (OSCs) de heterounión de volumen (BHJ). Estos derivados fueron diseñados y caracterizados usando cálculos DFT and TDDFT. El fragmento aceptor de anclaje fue el 2-metilenmalononitrilo para todos los electrodonadores, mientras que el fragmento cromóforo permutaba entre pirrol, tiofeno y selenofeno. La estimación de la energía de los orbitales HOMO-LUMO fue discutida. Las propiedades que afectan la eficiencia de conversión fotoeléctrica (PCE) como estructura geométrica, energía de la fuerza motriz del excitón, band gap óptico, densidad de fotocorriente de corto circuito, fotovoltaje de circuito abierto y espectros de absorción simulados fueron investigadas. Los cálculos teóricos de TDDFT utilizando el Método de Atenuación de Coulomb CAM-B3LYP fue capaz de predecir las propiedades del estado excitado. Los derivados D-DCP-A mezclados con ácido [6,6]-fenil-C71-butírico (PC71BM) muestran una PCE superior al 15%, siendo el derivado Dc-DCP-A el de mejor proyección con una PCE del 15.84%, por tanto, estos complejos son propuestos como material fotoactivo en la construcción de celdas solares BHJ.
Análisis confirmatorio del instrumento que mide las competencias generales en egresados de dos facultades de la Universidad de Córdoba
Authors: Robles Juana R , Morales Mario A , Martinez Guillermo D , Bautisita Lili R
Published: August 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es determinar la validez de constructo y la consistencia interna del instrumento que mide el impacto de las Competencias Generales en el desempeño laboral de los egresados de las Facultades de Ciencias Básicas y Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Córdoba. Se consideró una muestra de 1149 egresados (63% de la población objetivo con cohorte en el periodo académico 2019 - I) de los programas de las Facultades estudiadas, evaluando la consistencia interna del instrumento aplicado a través del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, luego se encontró y evaluó la estructura factorial de este mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, respectivamente. En términos generales se observó un valor de alfa de Cronbach igual a 0,93, por lo que se aceptan todos los ítems del instrumento. Se obtuvo una estructura de cuatro factores (varianza acumulada 42%) con buen ajuste (χ2 = 990,591 - p < 0,000; CMIN/DF=2,88; RMSEA = 0,065 IC90% (0,06 - 0,07); SRMR = 0,0496; AGFI = 0,83; GFI = 0,856). Finalmente se concluye que el cuestionario constituido por las competencias generales posee ítems adecuados, recomendando su uso en los estudios de medición de impacto de egresados pertenecientes a poblaciones con características similares.
The Kingdom of Norway's experience in monetary reform and exchange rate change and Iraq's access to it
Authors:   University of Human Development, Abdulqadir Mustafa Sanna
Published: August 2022

The Kingdom of Norway is a welfare state based on principles such as equality and security for all and has a responsibility to raise the living, health and economic level of the people regardless of the social status and class affiliation of the people through the existence of economic and financial institutions such as the Central Bank, which monitors the process of monetary reform and exchange rate change in terms of its legality based on the country's constitution, judiciary and finance. Monetary reform is a key pillar of the economic reform program in any country in the world, as well as in international economic bodies, because the exchange rate of a country's currency compared to other international currencies is the best proof of the strength of that country's national economy, which is important in the price system and a lever that affects the general price level and the balance of payments through its impact on exports and imports. It also affects the overall burden of the foreign indebtedness of that country, its general balance, external transfers, the state's ability to attract foreign investment, the degree of confidence in the national currency, savings and investment, and the state of the distribution of national income between different social strata and segments.
The degree of availability of governance principles in the schools of North and South Al Sharqiyah Governorate from the point of view of school principals in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Saeed Bn-Nasir Al-Khazramy Ahmad , Bint Sulaiman Naila , Bn Saif Al-yaraby Ali
Published: August 2022

"The study aimed to identify the degree of availability of governance principles in the schools of the North and South Al Sharqiyah governorates from the point of view of school principals. The researchers used the descriptive analytical method, and the questionnaire as a tool, by applying it to a sample of (100) principals, and the study reached the following results: The degree of availability of governance principles in the schools of North and South Al Sharqiyah governorates was moderate in most of its axes, except for one axis that came to a high degree, so the phrases in all axes varied between weak and medium. Al-Sharqiya came in general with a medium degree, where it was ranked as follows: the principle of integrity with a mean of (2.38), and after that came the axis of the principle of responsibility with a mean of (2.25), and the principle of justice came in the third place with a mean of (2.04), and finally came the pivotal principles of the principle of accountability and the principle of disclosure and transparency with an average of My Account (1.99), and the study confirmed that there are no statistically significant differences in the principles of governance in the schools of North and South Sharqiya governorates, due to the variables (gender, location), and the researchers recommend the need to create a legal culture around the principles of governance and make it easy and clear to access them. "
The role of environmental disclosure in economic units to achieve sustainable development A case study in the Directorate of Diwaniyah Municipality
Authors: Abdullad Kadim Al-Karawy Basim , Hamdi Raji Al-Tamimy Safa
Published: August 2022

"The need for environmental accounting and environmental disclosure has become a concern of the countries and departments responsible for the company and has become one of the most important issues For the countries and companies began to pay attention since 1990 and the reasons vary, some due to the inside of the company The aim of the research is to highlight the types of environmental and mechanical costs that are used to adapt the unified accounting system applied in municipalities to the disclosure of environmental information in the financial statements. The research was applied by conducting an analytical study of the financial reports in Diwaniyah Municipality Directorate for the years 2015-2014 The research concluded with a set of conclusions, the most important of which was that the financial reports did not disclose any quantitative, qualitative or financial information about the costs and environmental revenues of Diwaniya Municipality and its application of the principle of recognition, measurement and accounting disclosure of environmental costs and revenues issued by the Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International Accounting Standards. The researched to some a range of proposals. The most important of which is the need for the competent authorities to contribute to the deepening of the concept of environmental accounting and the importance of creating an accounting system with an emphasis on the need to disclose financial reports adequately on environmental accounting information."
The impact of interest rate changes on investments in the Iraqi economy during the period (2005-2019)
Authors: Qdir Ali Shorsh
Published: August 2022

This research aims to discuss the impact of interest rate changes on investments in the Iraqi economy, as well as the importance of the interest rate and its impact on economic variables in general, in addition to its impact on domestic and foreign investment As the interest rate is considered one of the means to attract foreign investment into the country in addition to encouraging local investments , The research adopted the descriptive and analytical approach to determine the effect of the interest rate on investments in Iraq. The quantitative approach was also adopted by standard methods , The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that any change in the interest rate affects the flow of investments and that the investment decision depends on several factors and variables of varying influence and The most prominent of these factors is the "interest rate",the research also presented a set of proposals, the most important of which is facilitating the task of investment and achieving the appropriate environment for it by reducing the interest rate in order to revitalize the economic sectors in order to accelerate the process of economic growth in Iraq.
Economic reform in Iraq in light of the government's vision white paper as a model.
Authors: Farhan Abd Al-Hussein Adnan
Published: August 2022

The Iraqi economy suffers from deep structural imbalances in its production structure, embodied in the high relative contribution of oil to the composition of the gross domestic product, which in 2019 amounted to about 44%, while the contribution of agriculture decreased to 2.6% and the manufacturing industry to 1.6%. These percentages reflect the perverted and distorted nature of the productive structure in the Iraqi economy, in which the contribution of oil also rises to 80% of commodity output in 2019. The structural imbalances in the Iraqi economy are a reflection or result of government economic policies embodied in public budgets. This research discusses the white paper presented by the Iraqi government in late 2020 to reform the Iraqi economy, as the government claimed that this paper is a comprehensive roadmap aimed at reforming the Iraqi economy and addressing the serious challenges it faces, which have accumulated over the past years due to wrong policies, mismanagement and corruption. The absence of planning, in addition to the almost total dependence on oil as a main source of state revenue. The aim of the research is to discuss the white paper presented by the government as a program for the future reform of the Iraqi economy and to clarify its most important advantages and disadvantages. The most important conclusions reached by the research were that the paper can be considered the starting point for reforming the Iraqi economy and amending many points in this paper in proportion to the nature of the Iraqi economy and the size of the challenges it faces, most notably administrative corruption and the absence of security and political stability. It is also not possible to bring about a change in the Iraqi economy without changing the system for managing the country's economic policy, from a partisan system for the exchange of benefits to an economic stimulus system run by specialists away from the interests of political parties.
Achieving outstanding performance through the requirements of strategic leadership An exploratory study of the opinions of a sample of administrative leaders at the University of Tikrit
Authors: Abdulla Hamd Alyan Hashim
Published: August 2022

The research aims to demonstrate the role of achieving outstanding performance through the requirements of strategic leadership adopted by organizations, especially educational ones, and for a number of administrative leaders at the University of Tikrit,The research focused on knowing the university’s identification and its administrative capabilities to achieve its distinguished performance by adopting a set of administrative practices that aim to adapt the university to the modern and technological requirements that it seeks to achieve, As performance was measured from its basic dimensions, represented by (process and service results - results of focus on human resources - results of focus on the customer - budget results and financial and market results), which were used in order to reach the development of the requirements of strategic leadership represented by (bearing risks - seizing opportunities Creativity, Entrepreneurial CultureWhich became a reality for the ambition of these organizations, so the questionnaire was a main tool in collecting data about the study sample, which numbered (40) forms, which were concentrated under the answers of the administrative leaders The topic also discussed the results of the field study and the statistical methods used in it such as (T) test, (F) test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and simple linear regression in the application on the actual data collected specifically for research. This research also included a presentation of the most important results and suggestions that The study found.
The ideal employment of labor force ... Between technological progress and professional Qualifications
Authors: A.Jassim Abdul Rasul
Published: August 2022

"Among the requirements of a chieving economic development in Iraq is consolidation efforts for the ideal employment of labor force and stopping unemployment. This is accomplished after fully identifying supply and demand on labor forcent , taking in to consideration the recent progresses in the technology . The ultimate aim is to arrive at better redistribution of labor force in accordance with planning relationship between the expansion of employees and the development of other production factors . Hence this research deals with the demographic actuality together with orientation of employment, Professional qualification and training systems. "
The impact of banking reform on the performance of financial inclusion in Iraq for the period (2004-2017)
Authors: Mahmood Majeed Al-Samarai Naghim , Mahmood Al-Kawaz Saad
Published: August 2022

The existence of the need for banking reform in the occurrence of a real and radical revolution in banking transactions from its traditional roots through banking services at the personal or commercial level locally and globally and by measuring the progress of the growth of the Iraqi economy and the extent to which banking systems are effective in the accelerating global changes and in the development of infrastructure and then the work of reform The banking sector specializes in the distribution of resources, which has a positive impact on economic activity. The World Bank considered financial inclusion a main and main focus in its agenda because it contributes to the eradication of poverty and improving the lives of individuals by encouraging small and large investments, which leads to an improvement in the life of the Iraqi individual. The analysis of banking sector data for some economic variables was used and relied on the monetary stability indicator represented in the general level of consumer prices, as well as an indicator of financial inclusion represented by the number of bank deposits and bank credit in Iraq.
The Contemporary Government Accounting System And Its Role In Achieving The Requirements Of The External Environment Of The Tax System In Iraq, A Study Of Concepts And Application Mechanism
Authors: Sarhan Abud Al-Azawi Faisal , Ibrahim Ahmad Sali
Published: August 2022

The issue of accountability is one of the most important foundations of a healthy society that seeks to build a generation that is committed to its national and moral responsibilities. And that any defect in the accounting system in a society will negatively affect the credibility of the law and the individual's loyalty to his society because it will properly regulate the relationship between the law and its actual application, Accountability has a role in all areas of life, including tax, where the importance of accounting converges with the importance of taxes since ancient times, because tax is a legitimate right of the state, society and citizen. This importance of accounting lies in the integrity of the procedures followed in collecting funds correctly by the employees working to collect them in accordance with the established tax laws and regulations, and accordingly, cadres must be armed with knowledge and full knowledge of the laws, regulations and accounting methods. Hence the importance of research by providing accounting programs for employees working in this field to help them and raise their efficiency. The first topic of the study showed the concept of government accounting, its most important functions and characteristics, while the second topic included the external tax system environment, which was represented by tax legislation in Iraq, taxpayers, the level of tax awareness, informants, supporting administrations, the tax judiciary, the accounting profession, technological progress, General budget statements, the media, and the constitution. The third topic showed the practical aspect through hypothesis testing. The fourth topic came with the most important conclusions, which is that the taxpayer has the right to choose the appropriate measurement method provided that it is not changed from year to year except with the approval of the tax administration, meaning that the accepted measurement procedures are tax-acceptable unless such a procedure is prohibited or specified a method in its own right. Measurement methods. We also recommend that in order to calculate the tax profit, amendments must be made to its financial legislation and instructions
The role of IAS No. (1) In achieving a balance between the relevance and reliability of financial statements in commercial banks
Authors: Hashm taha Omar
Published: August 2022

This study dealt with research and analysis an important topic directly related to the activity of commercial banks, as it is known these banks depend on the practice of their banking operations, on the funds deposited with them, and also their activity must be characterized by stability and be obligated to disclose the results of their work periodically by preparing a set of binding financial reports in accordance with the local laws in force and the international accounting and financial reporting standards informed by the guidance and recommendations they contain, in particular IAS No. (1) (presentation of financial statements) where these financial statements must contain a set of characteristics that provide decision makers with sufficient, conclusive and useful information, in the appropriate timing and quality, for the purpose of making important and different decisions that would affect negatively or positively on the bank. On the other hand, where accounting reform requires an expansion of accounting rules that go beyond the scope of financial measures for all economic entities, as they relate to concepts such as reporting transactions, such as acquisitions of assets at their cost or their current market value, where the previous traditional approach calls for its reliability, but it may lose its importance quickly due to various factors, we mention Including inflation, in short, for the purpose of achieving accounting reform, a balance must be achieved between the relevance and the reliability. Through this study, focus was placed on the International Accounting Standard No. (1) (presentation of financial statements) and what this standard contains of qualitative characteristics that make the outputs of the accounting system applied in the bank useful for the various groups beneficiary and interested in the financial statements prepared by commercial banks. (Bank of Baghdad) sample for research that there is great interest in preparing the financial statements according to the International Accounting Standard No. (1), therefore there is a great balance achieved through the preparation of these financial statements between the basic qualitative characteristics, which is the property of suitability and the characteristic of reliability.
The importance of the information contained in the general-purpose financial reporting reports for predicting the financial failure of Iraqi banks (proposed model)
Authors: Nadir Hamd Makhmwri Adnan , Fakhir Hussein Ronya
Published: August 2022

The research aims to reach the possibility of relying on the information contained in the financial reporting reports of Iraqi banks to reach the best set of financial ratios that can be used to build the proposed standard model for predicting the failure of troubled and non-stumbling Iraqi banks through statistical analysis of those ratios and extracting the most important ratios affecting the prediction The aim of the research is to build a building with the ability to predict early failure of Iraqi banks, to predict and early detection of weaknesses in financial performance and correct deviations, which helps in achieving goals effectively and efficiently and keeping pace with local and global developments and changes that greatly affect the activity of commercial banks and their financial position. The research reached the construction of the proposed standard model with a total rating quality of (81.9%), Z=0.172X2 -1.505X3+7.750X4-0.330X7+4.712X19-0.071X20+1.008X21-4864 The proposed standard model helps to detect the financial default before it occurs for a period of time, which makes it easier for the bank’s management and the supervisory authorities to take the necessary corrective measures before the failure occurs. The researchers reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the need for financial institutions, especially banks, to rely on financial analysis in the field of predicting financial failure, and to pay attention to indicators that have predictive power before default occurs, and in light of the continuous development in technology and accounting science, work must be done to conduct More research on building financial forecasting models and designing financial forecasting software.
Leadership and Creativity in the Business Environment Qatar model
Authors: Abdulrahman M Salih Nowzad
Published: August 2022

The role of entrepreneurship at the global level has grown in achieving economic and social development. On the economic side, establishing new businesses creates job opportunities for youth and increases production. On the social side, the spread of the concept of entrepreneurship in society leads to the generation of entrepreneurship, innovation and competition among young people. In addition to solving the problem of unemployment and the resulting economic and social problems. This is in line with the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, which encourage accelerating economic growth and increasing levels of productivity and technological innovation. Women and men by 2030. In the State of Qatar, attention has begun to the issue of leadership and creativity in the business environment, as one of the most important mechanisms of strategic direction to support the policy of economic diversification that the state seeks to reduce dependence on the hydrocarbon sector in the national economy, and to achieve the Qatar National Vision 2030, which seeks to develop a diversified and competitive national economy Able to meet the needs of the citizens of Qatar at present and in the future and secure a high standard of living. This interest was reflected in Qatar's ranking first in the Arab world and third globally in the Entrepreneurship Environment Index for 2019, and 22nd globally and first in the Arab world in the Entrepreneurship and Development Index for 2019. The research will focus on the statement of laws and legislation that regulate activities related to creativity and entrepreneurship, and institutional frameworks that contribute to the development of the business environment with the aim of providing a stimulating investment environment for owners of small and medium enterprises and entrepreneurs, and evaluating the performance of the business and entrepreneurship environment in Qatar from the reality of international indicators (Entrepreneurship Index, Entrepreneurship Index Entrepreneurship environment), assessing the strengths and weaknesses in the aspects of leadership and creativity, and submitting proposals to develop the institutional performance related to the business environment, in a manner that serves to raise Qatar’s ranking in the indicators of global innovation and entrepreneurship.
The effect of the Iraqi dinar exchange rate on the stock market index An analytical study in the Iraqi Stock Exchange for the period (2014-2020)
Authors: Aso Aso , Zahir Omar Ameen Sakar
Published: August 2022

The research aims to identify the fluctuations of the Iraqi dinar exchange rate and the Iraqi stock market index during the research period, as well as knowing the size and type of the linear relationship between the two variables, through a systematic framing that can guide investors, which contributes to strengthening the movement of funds and investments and which is reflected positively in the activity The economic and financial market, based on published data for the period from 2014 to 2020. The research came out with a number of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a correlation and impact relationship between the Iraqi dinar exchange rate and the financial market index in Iraq, in addition to the fact that the value of the Iraqi dinar in the parallel market during the research period varied significantly, which is evidence of the lack of control of the Central Bank on monetary policy, which affected the Variation in the movement of the Iraqi stock market index, and thus the loss of investors to generate profits and the decrease in their profitability opportunities. The research also presented a set of proposals, perhaps the most important of which is the establishment of a base of scientific foundations for investment in the financial markets, based on what we justify of the exchange rate variable that leads investors to Take the right investment decisions at the right time.
The role of direct and indirect taxes in financing public revenues
Authors: Amir Kamal Muhammad
Published: August 2022

Direct and indirect taxes are vital to generate sufficient revenue for the state to meet the increasing public spending. And that both taxes (direct and indirect) are necessary to promote economic growth, fill job opportunities, and economic stability, as they are one of the sources of budget financing. Direct, which means imposing direct taxes on large and medium wealth, which means subjugating the owners of capital and the owners of wealth, or relying on indirect taxes, that is, imposing taxes on goods, services and commercial operations, which means subjugating those who do not have wealth and capital. However, the developing countries rely on direct taxes, while the reliance on indirect taxes is limited in scope, unlike the advanced industrial countries. The current study aims at the attempts of the role of direct and indirect taxes in financing public revenues in the Iraqi and Indian economies. For the purpose of facing public spending, the study clearly shows that taxes play an important role in the development of the Indian economy, unlike Iraq, in which the proportion of tax revenue is a very small part of the revenue, while the study shows Iraq's dependence on direct taxes to finance revenue, unlike India, which is used to non-taxes more direct.
Human resources strategies and their implications for achieving sustainable competitive advantage /
Authors: Qasim Husein Haidar Sinan
Published: August 2022

Human resource management is one of the most important functions of management ‎because it focuses on the human element, which is considered the most valuable resource ‎for management and the most influential in productivity at all. Rather, the productivity of ‎the organization depends on the extent to which business organizations possess qualified ‎individuals who are considered among the competitive sources on which the organization ‎depends within the business sector. Business companies are not a competition within the ‎financial sector or profits, but competition is based on the extent to which any ‎communication company owns the human resource that works to add value to the ‎organization, which in turn works to increase the profits of companies, hence the ‎importance of the study in terms of taking into account the strategies used in resource ‎management Human resources and their impact, considering the human resource as a ‎sustainable competitive advantage. As the study was conducted on two companies, ‎including telecommunications in Dohuk governorate, Asiacell and Korek Telecom, the ‎researcher distributed approximately (40) forms, and (30) forms were retrieved from the ‎research sample represented by the administrative leaders in the study sample, which ‎were randomly selected as a sample from the study population. represented by ‎telecommunications companies within the governorate of Dohuk, or as the study used the ‎questionnaire as a performance to measure its variables and the extent of the impact of ‎strategies on sustainable competitive advantage, and the data was analyzed by relying on ‎the ready-made program (spss)). After the analysis, the study reached a set of ‎conclusions, the most important of which are:‎ ‎1- There is a significant correlation between human resource strategies and sustainable ‎competitive advantage, especially in the training dimension, both at the macro and micro ‎levels ‎2. There is a significant effect of statistical significance between human resources ‎strategies and sustainable competitive advantage at the micro and macro levels of the ‎study sample.‎ Keywords: human resources, competitive advantage, planning, intellectual capital, ‎motivation.‎ "