bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Raba jezikovnih virov med učitelji na dvojezičnih šolah v Prekmurju
Authors: Kosem Iztok , Kovács Attila
Published: January 2018

V prispevku so predstavljeni rezultati ankete o rabi jezikovnih virov, ki je bila izvedena med učitelji na dvojezičnih šolah v Prekmurju. Anketa je bila opravljena v okviru projekta snovanja koncepta novega velikega slovensko-madžarskega slovarja, ki naj bi poleg potreb širše skupnosti upošteval tudi potrebe dvojezičnega modela poučevanja. Glavni namen ankete je bil ugotoviti, kako dobro učitelji poznajo in uporabljajo jezikovne vire, tako enojezične kot dvojezične, ter katere slovarske informacije se jim zdijo pomembne oz. koristne, pa tudi izvedeti, pri katerih sporazumevalnih aktivnostih v madžarskem jeziku imajo učitelji največ težav.Analiza ankete je pokazala, da večina učiteljev pozna razpoložljive jezikovne vire in jih tudi uporablja pri svojem delu. Rezultati tudi kažejo, da morajo zaradi težav pri sporazumevanju v madžarskem jeziku učitelji uporabljati širok nabor jezikovnih virov, tako dvojezičnih kot enojezičnih. Pri tem jim ni v pomoč dejstvo, da mnogi viri, zlasti dvojezični, niso na voljo v digitalni obliki. Z vidika snovanja slovensko-madžarskega slovarja so rezultati relevantni za izbiro oblike slovarja in (delov) geslovnika kot tudi za izbiro elementov slovarske mikrostrukture, še zlasti pomembni pa so iz rezultatov izhajajoči razmisleki o vključevanju vsebin, pomembnih za produkcijo besedil oz. govor v madžarskem jeziku, postopnem objavljanju slovarja, prioritizaciji gesel in izdelavi gesel v plasteh. Takšni razmisleki v slovensko dvojezično leksikografijo prinašajo novosti, ki jih leksikografski trendi narekujejo, sodobni pristopi in metode pa tudi omogočajo.
Model dvojezičnega pouka v Prekmurju in slovar kot didaktični pripomoček
Authors: Rudaš Jutka , Kolláth Anna
Published: January 2018

Model dvojezične vzgoje in izobraževanja sodi med dvosmerne modele ohranjanja dveh jezikov in kultur. V prvem delu prispevka predstavljamo uspešno uresničevanje dvojezičnega vzgojno-izobraževalnega procesa v Prekmurju s kratkim razvojnim lokom in izpostavimo najpomembnejše pogoje za njegovo izvajanje, vključno s podprtostjo izobraževanja učiteljev. Nato se posvetimo ključnim pomankljivostim modela: nedodelanosti didaktične plati dvojezičnega pouka in neustrezni usposobljenost učiteljev dvojezičnih šol na tem območju. Ena najpomembnejših poti do učinkovite usvojitve (strokovno)jezikovne strukture in uporabe jezika so dvojezični učbeniki in drugi učni pripomočki. Pri rabi učnih pripomočkov gre za zahtevno in pomembno spretnost, zato je ključnega pomena, da se učitelji, pa tudi učenci, dodatno usposobijo za delo z njimi. Slovar kot didaktični pripomoček ni zgolj sredstvo za informiranje, ampak osnova za razvijanje spretnosti na različnih jezikovni ravneh. Na podlagi teh ugotovitev v drugem delu prispevka najprej podajamo pregled obstoječih dvojezičnih madžarsko-slovenskih oz. slovensko-madžarskih slovarjev in ostalih učnih gradiv, nato pa predstavimo dva nedavna projekta, katerih cilji so usmerjeni v izdelavo dvojezičnih slovarjev, učnih gradiv in izboljševanje kompetenc učiteljev v dvojezičnih šolah v Prekmurju. V zaključku strnemo glavne ugotovitve in ponudimo razmisleke o naslednjih korakih za izboljšavo dvojezičnega modela izobraževanja.
Regional simulation of Indian summer monsoon intraseasonal oscillations at gray-zone resolution
Authors: Chen Xingchao , Pauluis Olivier M. , Zhang Fuqing
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Simulations of the Indian summer monsoon by the cloud-permitting Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model at
gray-zone resolution are described in this study, with a particular emphasis
on the model ability to capture the monsoon intraseasonal oscillations  (MISOs). Five boreal summers are simulated from 2007 to 2011
using the ERA-Interim reanalysis as the lateral boundary forcing data. Our
experimental setup relies on a horizontal grid spacing of 9 km to
explicitly simulate deep convection without the use of cumulus
parameterizations. When compared to simulations with coarser grid spacing
(27 km) and using a cumulus scheme, the 9 km simulations reduce the biases
in mean precipitation and produce more realistic low-frequency variability
associated with MISOs. Results show that the model at the 9 km gray-zone
resolution captures the salient features of the summer monsoon. The spatial
distributions and temporal evolutions of monsoon rainfall in the WRF
simulations verify qualitatively well against observations from the Tropical
Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM), with regional maxima located over Western Ghats, central India, Himalaya foothills, and the west coast of Myanmar. The
onset, breaks, and withdrawal of the summer monsoon in each year are also
realistically captured by the model. The MISO-phase composites of monsoon
rainfall, low-level wind, and precipitable water anomalies in the simulations
also agree qualitatively with the observations. Both the simulations and
observations show a northeastward propagation of the MISOs, with the
intensification and weakening of the Somali Jet over the Arabian Sea during the
active and break phases of the Indian summer monsoon.
Contributions of residential coal combustion to the air quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), China: A case study
Authors: Li Xia , Wu Jiarui , Elser Miriam , Cao Junji , Feng Tian , El-Haddad Imad , Huang Rujin , Tie Xuexi , Prévôt André S. H. , Li Guohui
Published: January 2018

Abstract. In the present study, the WRF-CHEM model is used to evaluate contributions of the residential coal combustion (RCC) emission to the air quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) during persistent air pollution episodes from 9 to 25 January 2014. In general, the predicted temporal variations and spatial distributions of the air pollutants mass concentrations are in good agreement with observations at monitoring sites in BTH. The WRF-CHEM model also reasonably well reproduces the temporal variations of aerosol species compared with the AMS measurements in Beijing. The RCC emission plays an important role in the haze formation in BTH, contributing about 23.1 % of PM2.5 (fine particulate matter) and 42.6 % of SO2 during the simulation period on average. Organic aerosols dominate PM2.5 from the RCC emission, with a contribution of 42.8 %, followed by sulfate (17.1 %). The air quality in Beijing is remarkably improved when the RCC emission in BTH and its surrounding areas is excluded in simulations, with a 30 % decrease of PM2.5 concentrations. However, when only the RCC emission in Beijing is excluded, the Beijing's PM2.5 level is decreased by 18.0 % on average. Our results suggest that implementation of the residential coal replacement by clean energy sources in Beijing is beneficial to the Beijing's air quality, but is not expected to bring back the blue sky to Beijing. Should the residential coal replacement be carried out in BTH and its surrounding areas, the air quality in Beijing would be improved remarkably. Further studies need be conducted considering the uncertainties in the emission inventory and meteorological fields.
Long-term dynamics of monoterpene synthase activities, monoterpene storage pools and emissions in boreal Scots pine
Authors: Vanhatalo Anni , Ghirardo Andrea , Juurola Eija , Schnitzler Jörg-Peter , Zimmer Ina , Hellén Heidi , Hakola Hannele , Bäck Jaana
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Seasonal variations in monoterpene emissions from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) are well documented, and emissions are often shown to follow the incident temperatures due to effects on compound volatility. Recent studies have indicated a link between monoterpene emissions and physiological drivers such as photosynthetic capacity during needle development. The complex interplay between the dynamic changes in the biosynthetic capacity to produce monoterpenes and the temperature-dependent evaporation process of volatiles from internal storage reservoirs has not yet been studied under field conditions. Here, we analysed the relationships between needle monoterpene synthase activities, endogenous monoterpene storage pools and monoterpene emissions of needles in two consecutive years at a boreal forest site in Finland. The results showed changes in the monoterpene synthase activity of needles, linked to seasonality and needle ontogenesis, while the pool of stored monoterpenes (about 0.5 % of dry weight) did not change considerably as a function of needle aging. Monoterpene emissions did not correlate directly with enzyme activity or the storage pool size. We observed notably high plant-to-plant variation in the biosynthesis rates of individual monoterpenes, which did not reflect the storage compound mixture. The enzyme activity producing δ-3-carene was only present in the first months after needle flushing, and decreased with needle age, whereas δ-3-carene was abundant in the endogenous monoterpene pool and dominated the needle emissions. This study emphasizes the seasonal, developmental and intraspecific variability of monoterpene biosynthesis and storage, and calls for more in-depth analyses to reveal how such complex interaction affects monoterpene emissions from pine needles in boreal forests.
Comparison of high frequency, in-situ water quality analysers and sensors with conventional water sample collection and laboratory analyses: phosphorus and nitrogen species
Authors: Granger Steven J. , Qunicke Juan A. , Harris Paul , Collins Adrian L. , Blackwell Martin S.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The long-term collection of water samples for water quality analysis with high precision laboratory instrumentation is routine in monitoring programmes however, such sampling is labour intensive, expensive, and therefore undertaken at a low temporal frequency. Advances in environmental monitoring technology however, mean that it is now possible to collect high temporal frequency measurements for a wide range of water quality parameters without the need for the physical collection of a sample. The downside to this approach is that the data can be subject to more noise, due to environmental and instrument variables. This raises the question of whether high frequency, lower precision data are better than low frequency, higher precision data. This study reports the findings of an investigation of agricultural land drainage comparing measurements of total phosphorus (TP), total reactive phosphorus (TRP), ammonium (NH4-N) and total oxidised inorganic nitrogen (NOx-N) collected using both equipment in situ and concurrent water samples analysed in the laboratory. Results show that both in situ PHOSPHAX TP and NITRATAX NOx-N instruments can provide comparable data to that measured using samples analysed in the laboratory; however, at high discharge and low NOx-N concentrations, the NITRATAX can under report the concentration. In contrast, PHOSPHAX TRP and YSI sonde NH4-N data were both found to be incomparable to the laboratory data. This was because concentrations of both parameters were well below the instruments accurately determinable level, and because the laboratory data at low concentrations were noisy.
A discrete wavelet spectrum approach for identifying non-monotonic trends in hydroclimate data
Authors: Sang Yan-Fang , Sun Fubao , Singh Vijay P. , Xie Ping , Sun Jian
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The hydroclimatic process is changing non-monotonically and
identifying its trends is a great challenge. Building on the discrete
wavelet transform theory, we developed a discrete wavelet spectrum (DWS)
approach for identifying non-monotonic trends in hydroclimate time
series and evaluating their statistical significance. After validating the
DWS approach using two typical synthetic time series, we examined annual
temperature and potential evaporation over China from 1961–2013 and found
that the DWS approach detected both the “warming” and the “warming
hiatus” in temperature, and the reversed changes in potential evaporation.
Further, the identified non-monotonic trends showed stable
significance when the time series was longer than 30 years or so (i.e. the
widely defined “climate” timescale). The significance of trends in
potential evaporation measured at 150 stations in China, with an obvious
non-monotonic trend, was underestimated and was not detected by the
Mann–Kendall test. Comparatively, the DWS approach overcame the problem and
detected those significant non-monotonic trends at 380 stations, which helped
understand and interpret the spatiotemporal variability in the hydroclimatic
process. Our results suggest that non-monotonic trends of
hydroclimate time series and their significance should be carefully
identified, and the DWS approach proposed has the potential for wide use in
the hydrological and climate sciences.
Brief communication: Post-seismic landslides, the tough lesson of a catastrophe
Authors: Fan Xuanmei , Xu Qiang , Scaringi Gianvito
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The rock avalanche that destroyed the village of Xinmo in Sichuan, China, on
24 June 2017, brought the issue of landslide risk and disaster chain
management in highly seismic regions back into the spotlight. The long-term
post-seismic behaviour of mountain slopes is complex and hardly predictable.
Nevertheless, the integrated use of field monitoring, remote sensing and
real-time predictive modelling can help to set up effective early warning
systems, provide timely alarms, optimize rescue operations, and perform
secondary hazard assessments. We believe that a comprehensive discussion on
post-seismic slope stability and on its implications for policy makers can
no longer be postponed.
On the intrinsic timescales of temporal variability in measurements of the surface solar radiation
Authors: Bengulescu Marc , Blanc Philippe , Wald Lucien
Published: January 2018

Abstract. This study is concerned with the intrinsic temporal scales of the variability in the surface solar irradiance (SSI). The data consist of decennial time series of daily means of the SSI obtained from high-quality measurements of the broadband solar radiation impinging on a horizontal plane at ground level, issued from different Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) ground stations around the world. First, embedded oscillations sorted in terms of increasing timescales of the data are extracted by empirical mode decomposition (EMD). Next, Hilbert spectral analysis is applied to obtain an amplitude-modulation–frequency-modulation (AM–FM) representation of the data. The time-varying nature of the characteristic timescales of variability, along with the variations in the signal intensity, are thus revealed. A novel, adaptive null hypothesis based on the general statistical characteristics of noise is employed in order to discriminate between the different features of the data, those that have a deterministic origin and those being realizations of various stochastic processes. The data have a significant spectral peak corresponding to the yearly variability cycle and feature quasi-stochastic high-frequency variability components, irrespective of the geographical location or of the local climate. Moreover, the amplitude of this latter feature is shown to be modulated by variations in the yearly cycle, which is indicative of nonlinear multiplicative cross-scale couplings. The study has possible implications on the modeling and the forecast of the surface solar radiation, by clearly discriminating the deterministic from the quasi-stochastic character of the data, at different local timescales.
Simple models for the simulation of submarine melt for a Greenland glacial system model
Authors: Beckmann Johanna , Perrette Mahé , Ganopolski Andrey
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Two hundred marine-terminating Greenland outlet glaciers deliver more than half of the annually accumulated ice into the ocean and have played an important role in the Greenland ice sheet mass loss observed since the mid-1990s. Submarine melt may play a crucial role in the mass balance and position of the grounding line of these outlet glaciers. As the ocean warms, it is expected that submarine melt will increase, potentially driving outlet glaciers retreat and contributing to sea level rise. Projections of the future contribution of outlet glaciers to sea level rise are hampered by the necessity to use models with extremely high resolution of the order of a few hundred meters. That requirement in not only demanded when modeling outlet glaciers as a stand alone model but also when coupling them with high-resolution 3-D ocean models. In addition, fjord bathymetry data are mostly missing or inaccurate (errors of several hundreds of meters), which questions the benefit of using computationally expensive 3-D models for future predictions. Here we propose an alternative approach built on the use of a computationally efficient simple model of submarine melt based on turbulent plume theory. We show that such a simple model is in reasonable agreement with several available modeling studies. We performed a suite of experiments to analyze sensitivity of these simple models to model parameters and climate characteristics. We found that the computationally cheap plume model demonstrates qualitatively similar behavior as 3-D general circulation models. To match results of the 3-D models in a quantitative manner, a scaling factor of the order of 1 is needed for the plume models. We applied this approach to model submarine melt for six representative Greenland glaciers and found that the application of a line plume can produce submarine melt compatible with observational data. Our results show that the line plume model is more appropriate than the cone plume model for simulating the average submarine melting of real glaciers in Greenland.
Estimation of degree of sea ice ridging based on dual-polarized C-band SAR data
Authors: Gegiuc Alexandru , Similä Markku , Karvonen Juha , Lensu Mikko , Mäkynen Marko , Vainio Jouni
Published: January 2018

Abstract. For ship navigation in the Baltic Sea ice, parameters such as ice edge, ice concentration, ice thickness and degree of ridging are usually reported daily in manually prepared ice charts. These charts provide icebreakers with essential information for route optimization and fuel calculations. However, manual ice charting requires long analysis times, and detailed analysis of large areas (e.g. Arctic Ocean) is not feasible. Here, we propose a method for automatic estimation of the degree of ice ridging in the Baltic Sea region, based on RADARSAT-2 C-band dual-polarized (HH/HV channels) SAR texture features and sea ice concentration information extracted from Finnish ice charts. The SAR images were first segmented and then several texture features were extracted for each segment. Using the random forest method, we classified them into four classes of ridging intensity and compared them to the reference data extracted from the digitized ice charts. The overall agreement between the ice-chart-based degree of ice ridging and the automated results varied monthly, being 83, 63 and 81 % in January, February and March 2013, respectively. The correspondence between the degree of ice ridging reported in the ice charts and the actual ridge density was validated with data collected during a field campaign in March 2011. In principle the method can be applied to the seasonal sea ice regime in the Arctic Ocean.
Brief communication: Understanding solar geoengineering's potential
to limit sea level rise requires attention from cryosphere experts
Authors: Irvine Peter J. , Keith David W. , Moore John
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Stratospheric aerosol geoengineering, a form of solar geoengineering, is a proposal to add a reflective layer of aerosol to the stratosphere to reduce net radiative forcing and so to reduce the risks of climate change. Solar geoengineering could reduce temperatures and so slow melt, but the efficacy of solar geoengineering at offsetting changes to the cryosphere is uncertain. For example, shortwave forcing acts more strongly on the surface than longwave forcing so solar geoengineering would reduce surface melt more effectively but would also suppress the global hydrological cycle potentially reducing accumulation on glaciers. Regardless of how effective solar geoengineering would prove to be at offsetting surface mass balance changes, slow-acting changes below the surface of the ocean and ice-sheets may strongly limit its potential to reduce the retreat of marine glaciers and can’t be evaluated without high-quality process model studies. Here we review the literature on solar geoengineering and the cryosphere and identify the key uncertainties that research could address. Solar geoengineering is a contentious emerging issue in climate policy and it is critical that the potential, limits and risks of these proposals are made clear for policy makers.
The accessibility assessment and the regional range of transit-oriented development: An application of schedule accessibility measures in the Nord Pas-de-Calais region
Authors: Conesa Alexis
Published: January 2018

Transit-oriented development (TOD) arouses a great deal of interest as the interaction between transport and land use becomes a key topic in regional and urban planning. Even though accessibility is a key driving factor, it is barely assessed with accuracy. In Europe, the scope of TOD effects is large. It strongly influences the development of regional transport. Regarding that, this research brings forward a method that is based on multiscale accessibility measures to evaluate TOD strategy in a metropolitan European region. Hence, it proposes a multiscale accessibility method. On one hand, it introduces the pedestrian accessibility indicators at the local scale. On the other hand, it tackles the schedule accessibility measures in a constraints-based approach at the regional scale. This method is implemented in assessing the potential of TOD strategy in Nord Pas-de-Calais (France). For that, two TOD scenarios are presented. The first one tackles the main metropolitan center but does not include downtown. The second one deals with a second-order peripheral pole. These scenarios present difficulties in gathering both an effective local TOD and a sustainable development policy at the regional scale. However, a TOD center can enhance the intermediate scale urban centrality when using intermediate schedule accessibility measures (for coaches and buses). Furthermore, the indicators about the rail transit system highlight an uncertainty in the regional effects, which can only be solved by applying a major and expensive policy. The final remarks pave the way for further research regarding a full-fledged regional TOD strategy that includes a well-ordered dissemination of TOD centers.
Treatment of Sinonasal Aspergillosis by Debridement and Sinonasal Deposition Therapy with Clotrimazole Under Rhinoscopic Guidance
Authors: Vedrine Bertrand , Fribourg-Blanc Luc-André
Published: January 2018

Rhinoscopy was performed on 10 dogs with sinonasal aspergillosis (SNA). Direct access to the sinus via the nasal ostium was possible with a flexible endoscope to allow sinuscopy. Debridement of fungal plaques in the frontal sinus and the nasal cavity was performed, and a sinus and nasal deposition therapy with clotrimazole (1%) cream was made under rhinoscopic guidance. No oral medication was administered following the procedure. A rhinoscopic follow-up was performed monthly until cure. Six of ten (60%) dogs presented fungal plaques in the nasal cavity and in the frontal sinus and 4/10 (40%) dogs presented fungal plaques only in the frontal sinus. Five of ten (50%) dogs were considered to be cured at the first follow-up rhinoscopy, 4/10 (40%) after the second follow-up, and 1/10 (10%) after the third. Two dogs had delayed recurrence of SNA rhinoscopically assessed 12 and 21 mo, respectively, after the last clotrimazole treatment. Endoscopic debridement of fungal plaques and clotrimazole (1%) cream deposition therapy seems to be a valuable minimally invasive technique for SNA treatment in dogs without the use of complementary oral medication. Delayed recurrence is a potential finding following treatment of SNA.
Activity Based Management (ABM) and Control System design
Authors: Kren Leslie
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper provides a discussion of control system design choices under a system of Activity Based Management (ABM). The costs and benefits of control under ABM are compared to those under objective control based on outcomes or results. Fundamentally, effective control under ABM relies on the available information to superiors about subordinate performance. To use ABM as a control tool, depends upon understanding the choices available to managers and the subsequent actions they followed to meet ABM goals. Thus, ABM requires investment in sophisticated information system capabilities and a flatter organization structure for effective monitoring of managers choices and decisions.
Recent Personnel Reforms of Public Universities in China and in Italy: A Comparison
Authors: Ha Sha
Published: January 2018

Purpose of the present research is an investigation of the most recent personnel reforms of higher education institutions in China and in Italy. A one-to-one comparison between the two realities would have been unrealistic, given the enormous differences between the two Countries in size and historical development. We focused our analysis on some basic issues common to both higher education institutions, such as the degree of the academic autonomy from the political power in the academic governance and the quality of the knowledge production and transfer to the society. The Sun Yat-Sen and the Guangzhou Universities in the Guangdong Province of China, and the Universities of Padua and Ca’ Foscari in Venetian Region of Italy, have been chosen as case studies.In China the personnel reforms introduced by the central government in the period 1995-2014, were accompanied by a relevant financial support by the central and regional authorities, thus helping the national universities to attain high standards of excellence in the technological domain. Those remarkable financial investments by the central and regional authorities are paying off, contributing to the technological advancement of the Country.As for the Italian public universities, a very innovative reform law was introduced by the ‘Ministry of Education, University and Research’ in December 2010, which granted a high level of governance autonomy to those institutions. Unfortunately, the great financial crisis that hit the Country in the same period of time caused a strong reduction of the public funds to universities and a consequent brain drain of young post graduates toward Northern Europe and North America.In spite of this temporary shortage of funds, Italian public universities have maintained their high level of excellence in science, technology and humanities, as evidenced by the increasing number of their bilateral cooperation agreements, concerning student mobility and joint research activities, with foreign universities all over the world, China included.
Relationship Marketing in Tertiary Education: Empirical Study of Relationship Commitment and Student Loyalty in Hong Kong
Authors: H Wong , R Wong , S Leung
Published: January 2018

This study attempts to investigate the applicability of relationship marketing concepts in the private tertiary education industry. With the rapid growth of tertiary education and new academic structure in Hong Kong, it is interesting to investigate the relationship between relationship commitment and student loyalty, and the key determinants of relationship commitment, in a leading private tertiary education institution in Hong Kong. Questionnaires were designed to collect data, and structural equation modeling approach was adopted to evaluate the explanatory power and casual links of the model. The results indicate that relationship commitment is a driver of student loyalty. Relationship benefits and trust are found to have positive influence on relationship commitment. Relationship termination costs and shared values are found to have non-significant roles in determining relationship commitment in private tertiary education environment, while shared value has a significant positive impact on trust. The research provides new insights to the management of private tertiary education providers in building relationship with students and resources allocation. The study discusses the implications of the findings and suggests areas for future research.
Graph Theory of Capping Golden Clusters
Authors: Kiremire Enos Masheija Rwantale
Published: January 2018

Skeletal numbers and their valences have been extremely useful in analyzing and categorizing clusters especially boranes, carbonyls, and Zintl ions. This approach is being extended to the analysis and categorization of golden clusters. The newly introduced concept of graphing will also be applied to the clusters. The capping symbol Kp = CYC[Mx] which has been restricted to post-closo clusters will be adapted for pre-closo cluster series. The concept of the existence of black holes in the nuclei of capping golden clusters will be introduced and explained.
Codification in a Civil Law Jurisdiction: A Northern European Perspective
Authors: Popelier Patricia
Published: January 2018

Codification in a Civil Law Jurisdiction: A Northern European Perspective

In western civil law jurisdictions, 19th century large-scale codification projects have made way for more specific, technical operations. While several terms for various operations are used – from coordination to consolidation or recasting – they all serve to compile normative texts within one single document for the sake of clarity and legal certainty. A more fundamental distinction can be made between formal and substantial codifications, the one more technical, the other large and fundamental. Substantial law reforms are problematized in this era of multilevel governance and digitalization. Nowadays, substantial codifications are essentially non-exhaustive, inconsistent, and fragmentized. Also, they rely upon formal consolidations, and generate new formal consolidations. While formal consolidations are still treated as logistic projects, more developed ICT tools may enable their transformation into continuous processes.
Codification in a Civil Law Jurisdiction: An Italian Perspective
Authors: Albanesi Enrico
Published: January 2018

Codification in a Civil Law Jurisdiction: An Italian Perspective

The aim of this article is to describe the mechanism of codification in a civil law jurisdiction. The case study will be based on the Italian system. The history and developments of the Italian codification will also be described here.

In Italy codification is called riassetto, it is normally carried out by the government but the changes to existing law must be within the strict boundaries of the principles and criteria set out by the parliament. By contrast, the mechanism to amalgamate existing texts dealing with a single topic without radical changes is called consolidamento. It is carried out by the government as delegated by parliament. However, as the tools to carry out riassetto and consolidamento are the same (decreto legislativo: a decree issued by the government, which is delegated by the parliament), it is not always easy to understand when the government is allowed to carry out consolidamento only or riassetto too. Actually, how fundamentally the government is allowed to change existing legislation depends on what the principles and criteria of the enabling Act of Parliament allows.

A decreto legislativo that is not in compliance with the principles and criteria established by the Act of Parliament, could be declared void by the Corte costituzionale (the Italian Constitutional Court). Therefore, if the government exceeds the boundaries of consolidamento or riassetto, the decreto legislativo could be declared void.

This essay will also focus on the different drafting techniques of consolidamento and riassetto from a theoretical perspective and from the point of view of the jurisprudence of the Consiglio di Stato and the Corte costituzionale. Finally, it will look at the drafting process for codes in Italy, underlying the differences with systems where law reform agencies have been established.
Inleiding
Authors: Nelen Hans , Moerland Roland
Published: January 2018

Introduction

In the introductory article of this special issue on the language of denial, some relevant concepts in relation to denial, speech act and discourse theory are explored. Stanley Cohen’s distinction between literal, interpretative and implicatory denial is illuminated, as well as the contribution of various scholars on the performative function of language. At the end of the article the relevance of these concepts for (cultural) criminology is explained.
Hoe IS-glossy Dabiq harten van westerse moslims wint
Authors: Geelhoed Fiore , van Wieringen Layla , van den Akker Kyra , Crolla Fleur , Senatori Irene
Published: January 2018

How IS-glossy Dabiq is winning the hearts and minds of Western Muslims

IS propaganda is assumed to contribute to radicalization of Western Muslims. How IS propaganda reaches the hearts and minds of Western Muslims and consequently fuels radicalization is nonetheless an understudied topic. Through content analysis of all fifteen issues of IS-glossy Dabiq this article demonstrates how IS propaganda works in Dabiq. First, IS attunes in Dabiq to factors that foster radicalization according to the literature. IS does so by its discussion in Dabiq of injustice done to Muslims worldwide, the image of the Western enemy, and its positive presentation of the individual and group identity of IS fighters. Second, in Dabiq IS paves the way for embracing violent means, such as terrorist attacks on Western civilians through a discourse of ‘denial’.
Mediation-bemiddeling en ‘best practices’ in Vlaanderen en Nederland
Authors: de Roo Annie , Verbist Herman
Published: January 2018

TMD Workshop Mediation and best practices in Belgium and the Netherlands

On 19 October 2017 the TMD editorial board organised a workshop fully devoted to the (ir)relevance of best practices in mediation. The workshop, which took place in Brussels in the framework of the Belgian annual Mediation Week, was chaired by Annie de Roo and Herman Verbist who addressed the invited workshop speakers with various questions, starting with the basic, but fundamental question: ‘Is there a need for best practices in mediation?’ Followed by the question: ‘Is there a practice of mediation best practices in Belgium and the Netherlands, and if so, by whom, what are these best practices drawn up? Another question focussed on the possible link between best practices and mediation rules. Judith Simon-Emaus, director of the Mediator Federation Netherlands bureau, pointed out how best practices can contribute to furtherance of the mediator profession, which is also emphasised in her contribution ‘The MfN-register: a quality mark partly due to best practices’. Christine Jacobs, accredited mediator to the Belgian Federal Mediation Committee, approached the theme out of the perspective of the parties. She emphasised that it is essential that the mediator always takes the needs of the parties in dispute as the starting point for how to proceed in mediation. In other words, there is no such thing as a best mediation practice. She returns to this viewpoint in her contribution ‘Best practices in Vlaanderen?’ A more radical stance was taken by Helena De Backer, accredited mediator to inter alia the Belgian Federal Mediation Committee and the International Mediation Institute. She is of the opinion that if mediation (profession) has a statutory basis, there is no need for best practices. Marc Simon Thomas, stresses that the purpose of introducing best practices must be clear. Thus what purpose and who are served by best mediation practices? In his contribution ‘The purpose and necessity of best practices in mediation based on the findings of the study ‘Peer Review and MfN accredited Mediators’ this is further reflected upon.
Over de zoektocht naar en de grenzen van secundaire aansprakelijkheid na het schietincident in Alphen aan den Rijn
Authors: Maes K.L.
Published: January 2018

Over de zoektocht naar en de grenzen van secundaire aansprakelijkheid na het schietincident in Alphen aan den Rijn

Op 4 juni 2017 heeft de Rechtbank Den Haag zich uitgelaten over de vraag of de ouders van Tristan van der V. aansprakelijk zijn voor de gevolgen van het schietincident in Alphen aan den Rijn. Meer in het bijzonder gaat het daarbij om de vraag of de ouders de relevante autoriteiten hadden behoren te informeren over de geestestoestand van hun zoon, in plaats van een gevaarlijke situatie te laten voortduren. In deze bijdrage wordt de uitspraak van de rechtbank – mede in het licht van haar eerdere uitspraak over de aansprakelijkheid van de politie naar aanleiding van hetzelfde schietincident – geanalyseerd, waarbij aandacht wordt besteed aan de civielrechtelijke, secundaire zorgplicht van de ouders.
The Civil Attitudes of the Inhabitants of Rural Areas and Their Aspects. Between Declarations and Actions.
Authors: Dziubacka Krystyna
Published: January 2018

Within the framework of these reflections and analysing the declarations of the country-side dwellers concerning their manner of manifesting citizenship, the article tackles the issue of the inaccuracies appearing between the articulated declarations of the level of commitment and the actual action, not only with reference to country-side communities, but also residents of the cities. The deficit, revealed within the awareness and the civil responsibility, provokes the reflection on the effects of socialization and education, as they both shape civic competencies.
Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Studer Lynette L. , Selby Dale M.
Published: January 2018

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a rare vascular tumor, composed of epithelioid and histiocytoid vascular endothelial cells in myxoid or fibrotic stroma, which can arise in multiple locations throughout the body. In the liver, this neoplasm usually presents on imaging as an incidental finding of multifocal, heterogeneously enhancing nodules in both lobes or presents clinically with nonspecific abdominal symptoms. Histologically, the tumor has been mistaken for metastatic carcinoma, angiosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and cholangiocarcinoma. The neoplasm usually stains positive for vascular markers, such as factor VIII–related antigen, CD31, and CD34, and negative for cytokeratins. The translocation t(1;3)(p36.3;q25), resulting in the CAMTA1-WWTR1 fusion product, is the most commonly identified genetic abnormality with this tumor. Although hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma can have a varied clinical course, it is generally considered less aggressive than angiosarcoma. There is no consensus treatment protocol and techniques including liver transplantation, liver resection, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, and surveillance have all been used with varying outcomes.
Pathology of Melanotic Schwannoma
Authors: Alexiev Borislav A. , Chou Pauline M. , Jennings Lawrence J.
Published: January 2018

Context.—

Melanotic schwannoma (MS) is a nerve sheath tumor with a uniform composition of variably melanin-producing Schwann cells and metastatic potential. The MS is an uncommon neoplasm, accounting for less than 1% of all nerve sheath tumors, with a predilection for spinal nerve involvement. Microscopically, the tumors are characterized by spindle and epithelioid cells arranged in interlacing fascicles, with marked accumulation of melanin in neoplastic cells and associated melanophages. The MSs are frequently associated with Carney complex, showing features of psammoma bodies and adipose-like cells. Strict criteria of malignancy in MS are not well developed, although a combination of worrisome histologic features (large, vesicular nuclei, with macronucleoli, brisk mitotic activity, and necrosis) raises concern for aggressive behavior.

Objective.—

To review the current status of the MS literature, discussing putative etiology, histopathology, current genetics, and differential diagnoses, including overlap with other pigmented tumors.

Data Sources.—

Search of PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda, Maryland) and the authors' own experiences.

Conclusions.—

The occurrence of MS at several unusual anatomic sites and its spectrum of morphologic patterns can result in significant diagnostic difficulty, and correct diagnosis is particularly important because of its high tendency to recur locally and to metastasize, which highlights the importance of diagnostic recognition, ancillary molecular genetic testing, and close clinical follow-up of patients with MS.
Molecular Testing of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Diagnosed by Endobronchial Ultrasound–Guided Transbronchial Fine-Needle Aspiration: The Cleveland Clinic Experience
Authors: Doxtader Erika E. , Cheng Yu-Wei , Zhang Yaxia
Published: January 2018

Context.—

Given the increasing demand for molecular testing of non–small cell lung carcinoma specimens to guide therapeutic decision-making and the trend toward minimally invasive techniques for obtaining diagnostic tissue, cytopathology laboratories must devise strategies to maximize DNA yield for necessary molecular testing.

Objective.—

To describe our experience at Cleveland Clinic with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation testing by next-generation sequencing and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement testing by fluorescence in situ hybridization of non–small cell lung carcinomas diagnosed by cytology, with an emphasis on specimens obtained by endobronchial ultrasound–guided transbronchial fine-needle aspiration.

Data Sources.—

Data sources include a review of the current literature, including published articles from our institution.

Conclusions.—

At our institution, liquid-based cytology specimens are the primary resource used for molecular testing of non–small cell lung carcinomas; in most instances, adequate DNA can be extracted from the residual cell pellet for next-generation sequencing, and ThinPrep slides can be used reliably for fluorescence in situ hybridization testing for ALK gene rearrangements. In occasional cases where the cell pellet material is not adequate for molecular testing, cell blocks and/or surgical pathology specimens are secondary options. The cytopathologist's role in specimen handling and triage is essential to ensure that molecular testing can be carried out successfully.
Preliminary Studies on the Occurrence and Abundance of Zooplankton Major Taxa in Keamari, Karachi- Backwaters
Authors: Ali Qadeer Mohammad , Azmi M. Arshad
Published: January 2018

A preliminary study was conducted on the occurrence and abundance of zooplankton in the Karachi backwaters. Zooplankton sampling was conducted on monthly basis and the study was carried out on the basis of three seasons including pre-monsoon (January to May), monsoon (June to September) and post-monsoon (October to December) from a permanent station Napier Mole bridge (24o50’34’’.90 N, 66o59’17’’.55 E) during June 1996 to May 1998. The hydrographic parameters including air temperature (oC), water temperature (oC), salinity (ppt), dissolved oxygen (mg/L), pH, and transparency (cm) were recorded. Total 14 groups of zooplankton were recorded; hydromedusae, copepoda, mysids, amphipoda, acetes, lucifer, chaetognath, penaeid pl, caridean pl, zoea, megalopa, squilla larvae, fish larvae, fish eggs and others. Pre-monsoon season shows highest number of individuals and copepods were found to be the dominant group in all seasons. Zooplankton diversity, equitability and margalef index were measured seasonally. Highest shannon – wiener diversity index H' = (1.83), equitability E= (0.69) and margalef species richness Index d= (1.37) were measured in post-monsoon season. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) was performed in between seasons and zooplanktonic groups. No significant difference (at P>0.05, 0.148) was observed between zooplankton and seasons.
Foreign Burglars: Primary Results of an Interview Study with Arrested Offenders in Germany
Authors: Wollinger Gina Rosa , Jukschat Nadine
Published: January 2018

Given that the domestic burglary rate in Germany has been on the rise for years, there is currently a huge debate in political arenas and in the media concerning the offenders—especially foreign offenders. However, there is little specific research on burglars, particularly foreign burglars. This paper reports on the main results of a qualitative interview study with convicted foreign offenders in Germany. We conducted 30 narrative-biographical interviews with offenders from 15 different countries. The findings suggest the stereotype of foreign burglars in high-crime gangs is too one-dimensional. Moreover, there is a large range of different motives, biographical backgrounds, and modi operandi. Further, results show that specific circumstances in Germany support the behavior of foreign criminal, such as accommodation possibilities from contacts already living in Germany, or the availability of local fences (i.e. receivers of stolen goods).
The Impact of Human Resource Management Practices, Organizational Culture, Motivation and Knowledge Management on Job Performance with Leadership Style as Moderating Variable in the Jordanian Commercial Banks Sector
Authors: Raheem Ali Alsheikh Ghaith Abdul raheem , Theeb Alnawafleh Enas Ali , Abd Halim Mutia Sobihah Binti , A Tambi Abdul Malek Bin A
Published: January 2018

Abstract: In this paper, the effect of three human resource management practices namely, compensation and benefits, training and development, and performance appraisal and achievement was examined along with organizational culture, motivation and knowledge management on job performance among Jordanian banks. The construct of job performance was measured by the combination of task performance and organizational citizenship behavior. The study employed convenience sampling to which 30 questionnaires were distributed. The finding showed a significant impact of human resource management practices (compensation and benefits, training and development, and appraisal and achievement), organizational culture, motivation and knowledge management on job performance in the Jordanian banks. On the basis of the findings, the researcher provided recommendations for the banks in terms of strengthening the relationship between their knowledge management job performance. The study also provided implications to theory and practice based on the findings.Â
Idéologie des droits de l’enfant et réalité en Afrique subsaharienne, quels paradigmes mobilisateurs?
Authors: Kola Étienne
Published: January 2018

Les droits de l’homme sont un patrimoine de l’humanité. L’idéologie qui les sous-tend repose sur un présupposé humaniste qui fait de la dignité humaine une constante imprescriptible. Les droits de l’enfant qui sont une application particulière des droits de l’homme connaissent des violations souvent massives qui heurtent le bon sens. La situation en Afrique subsaharienne est d’autant préoccupante que la précarité, les conflits armés et certaines pesanteurs socioculturelles constituent des pierres d’achoppement à la jouissance effective des droits par les enfants. Les conséquences des violations tous azimuts de ces droits sont si pesantes au point de constituer un drame humain et social dans ce continent. Les stratégies d’éradication de ce phénomène exigent non seulement l’activation des mécanismes juridiques et répressifs opérationnels mais aussi l’intégration des rationalités humaniste, personnaliste et existentialiste dans les systèmes éducatifs africains. La teneur éthique et humaniste de ces pensées pourrait infléchir même les esprits les plus rigides.
Becoming Joe Doakes: Averageness, Populism and Seriality in Robert Benchley‘s How to Short Subjects
Authors: King Rob
Published: January 2018

Over the course of the 1930s, the comic persona of Algonquin humorist Robert Benchley changed from that of a sophisticated humorist to an average man. This article situates Benchley‘s How to short subjects for MGM (1935–44) within a broader public preoccupation with averageness that characterised the populist political rhetoric of New Deal-era America. In particular, it explores the function of seriality as a discursive trope conjoining the format of Benchley‘s MGM shorts to the broader construction of average identities in the eras political culture.