bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PKM Kelompok Ternak Kambing Bali Farms Desa Kesiut Dalam Meningkatkan Nilai Tambah Usaha Melalui Rekayasa Pakan Kaya Nutrisi (Repakansi)
Authors: Ananda Komang Den , Partama I GD Yudha , Gana Kumara Dewa Gede Agung
Published: November 2022

This service aims to increase the knowledge and value-added of the Bali Farms goat group business through nutrient-rich feed engineering (Repakansi). The service methods were Knowledge Transfer, Technology Transfer (TT), Science and Technology Diffusion, and Entrepreneurship Capacity Building approaches. This community service partner was the Bali Farms goat group, Kesiut Tabanan Village, Bali. The results of this service showed that the level of knowledge of the Bali farms goat group regarding nutrient-rich feed engineering (Repakansi) for goats was 45% at the pretest and 83% at the posttest, with a percentage increase of 92%. Thus, the mandatory output target is achieved, which was 90-100% of partners showing an increase in the percentage level of knowledge in making reparations.
Sporcularda Öfke ve Saldırganlık Algısının Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: Cin Hülya , Yılmaz Berk Hakan , Ektirici Arıkan
Published: November 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı sporcularda öfke ve saldırganlık algısının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesidir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını kartopu örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen 373 (187 kadın, 186 erkek) sporcu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Maxwell ve Moore (2007) tarafından geliştirilen, Gürbüz, Kural ve Özbek (2019) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan Sporda Saldırganlık ve Öfke Ölçeği (SSÖÖ) kullanılmıştır. Cronbach Alpha iç-tutarlılık analizi sonucunda bu değer “Öfke” alt boyutu için 0,84, “Saldırganlık” alt boyutu için 0,78, ölçeğin geneli için ise 0,86 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Cinsiyet ve spor branşına yönelik olarak gerçekleştirilen bağımsız örneklemler t-testi sonucuna göre saldırganlık alt boyutunda gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Gerçekleştirilen ANOVA testi sonuçlarına göre anne eğitim düzeyi ve aile aylık gelir düzeyi değişkenlerinde anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmemiştir (p>0,05). Baba eğitim düzeyi, spor yaşı ve sporcunun eğitim düzeyi değişkenlerine yönelik olarak gerçekleştirilen ANOVA testi sonuçlarına göre ise gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Yaş değişkeni ile ölçek alt boyutları arasında gerçekleştirilen Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyon Analizi sonuçlarına göre ise yaş ile öfke arasında düşük düzeyde pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak, sporcuların öfke ve saldırganlık düzeylerinin yaş, cinsiyet, spor branşı, sporcunun eğitim düzeyi, baba eğitim düzeyi ve spor yaşı değişkenlerine göre farklılaştığı ortaya konmuştur.
REPRESENTASI DAN NILAI KEARIFAN EKOLOGI PUISI “HUJAN BULAN JUNI” KARYA SAPARDI DJOKO DAMONO ( EKOKRITIK GREG GARRARD)
Authors: Setiaji Aria Bayu
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Poetry is a representation of the author in expressing feelings, experiences and insights. Poetry is written or created by writers not to be read alone, but there are ideas, ideas, experiences, messages and criticisms to be conveyed to the reader. This research specifically aims to obtain a literary ecological criticism of Sapardi Djoko Damono's poem Hujan Bulan Juni which includes (1) How is nature represented in poetry? (2) What role can the physical setting (environment) play in the plot of a poem? (3) What are the values expressed in a poem? The theory used to analyze the poem is Greg Garrard's echocritic. Data analysis was carried out descriptively. The results of the analysis in the Hujuju Bulan Juni poem show that the author / writer dominates the use of diction with representations of nature, earth and plants. The author tries to explore ways on how to describe the relationship between humans, the environment, nature and plants so as to foster ecological values of human concern for protecting and preserving the environment, nature and plants.

Keywords: Poetry. Ecocritic, Literature

Abstrak

Puisi merupakan suatu representasi penulis dalam mengungkapkan perasaan, pengalaman maupun wawasan. Puisi ditulis atau dicipkaan oleh sastrawan bukan untuk dibaca sendiri, melainkan ada ide, gagasan, pengalaman, amanat dan kritikan yang ingin disampaikan kepada pembaca. Penelitian ini secara khusus bertujuan untuk memperoleh kritik ekologi sastra puisi Hujan Bulan Juni karya Sapardi Djoko Damono yang meliputi (1) Bagaimana alam direpresentasikan dalam puisi? (2) Peranan apa yang dapat dimainkan oleh latar fisik (lingkungan) dalam alur sebuah puisi? (3) Apakah nilai-nilai yang diungkapkan dalam sebuah puisi Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis puisi tersebut adalah ekokritik Greg Garrard. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil analisi Pada puisi Hujuaan Bulan Juni menunjukkan bahwa pengarang/penulis mendominasi pengunaan diksi dengan representasi alam, bumi dan tumbuh-tumbuhan. Penulis mencoba mengeksplorasi cara-cara mengenai bagaimana menggambarkan hubungan antara manusia ,lingkungan,,alam dan tumbuh-tumbuhan sehinga menumbuhkan nilai-nilai ekologi kepedulian manusia untuk menjaga dan melestarika lingkungan, alam dan tumbuh-tumbuhan.

Kata Kunci : Puisi. Ekokritik, Sastra
Intradural and Intramedullary Melanotic Schwannoma of the Lumbar Spine, After Spinal Anesthesia - A Case Report
Authors:   Co-responsible for CET-SBA Hospital Clínicas Municipal de São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil, Imbelloni Luiz Eduardo , da Silva Claudia Helena Ribeiro ,   Master in Health Sciences from the Teaching and Research Institute of Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Vieira ; Alexandra de Vasconcelos ,   Coordinator of the Medical Residency Program at HU Contorno at Unimed, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Gonçalves Pedro Marcos Silva e ,   Master in Sciences Applied to Surgery and Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil., Lopes Larissa Magalhães ,   Anesthesiologist at Hospital São Camilo, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Published: November 2022

Spinal anesthesia is one of the most used techniques in elderly patients, with doses varying according to the proposed surgery and the surgeons [1]. Schwannomas are benign, encapsulated, slow-growing neoplasms. made up of neoplastic schwann cells differentiated [2]. The most used diagnosis is Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and confirmation is obtained through histological and immunohistochemical studies [2]. In order to study the reclassification of Melanotic Schwannomas (MS), a study was carried out in 40 clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and gene expression cases [3]. The purpose of this case report was diagnosed after the appearance of paresis in a patient undergoing urologic treatment under spinal anesthesia, two days after the procedure requiring hospitalization, and explain the possibility of performing spinal anesthesia in a patient with xanthochromic puncture.
Stress fields and strut-and-tie models as a basic tool for design and verification in second generation of Eurocode 2
Authors: Fernández Ruiz Miguel , Cao Hoang Linh , Muttoni Aurelio
Published: November 2022

Within the frame of the revision of the Eurocode 2 for concrete structures, the section devoted to strut-and-tie design has been updated to enhance its applicability, its consistency with other sections and its ease-of-use. As a result, a number of changes have been introduced. Namely, the use of stress fields and their combination with classical strut-and-tie models has been incorporated. The changes in this section can be seen as an effort to provide a more comprehensive and general tool for designers, that can be transparently applied to any structural member with sufficient reinforcement for crack control. In this paper, the consistency between the strut-and-tie and the stress field methods is clarified as well as the fundamentals of the revision performed in Eurocode 2. The paper also elaborates how the code can be used for advanced analyses, considering in an explicit manner the compatibility of deformations to obtain refined estimates of the structural resistance.
Elucidation of target implant orientations with the safety range of hip rotation with adduction or abduction during squatting: Simulation based on in vivo replaced hip kinematics
Authors: Harada Satoru , Hamai Satoshi , Ikebe Satoru , Hara Daisuke , Higaki Hidehiko , Gondo Hirotaka , Kawahara Shinya , Shiomoto Kyohei , Harada Tetsunari , Nakashima Yasuharu
Published: November 2022

Objectives: The study aimed to elucidate target cup orientation and stem anteversions to avoid impingement between the liner and stem neck even at hip rotation with adduction during the deeply flexed posture.

Methods: A computer simulation analysis was performed on 32 total hip arthroplasty patients applying patient-specific orientation of the components and in vivo hip kinematics obtained from three-dimensional analysis of the squatting motion. The anterior/posterior liner-to-neck distance and impingement were evaluated based on a virtual change in internal/external rotation (0°–60°) and adduction/abduction (0°–20°) at actual maximum flexion/extension during squatting. Cutoff values of cup orientations, stem anteversion, and combined anteversion to avoid liner-to-neck impingements were determined.

Results: The anterior liner-to-neck distance decreased as internal rotation or adduction increased, and the posterior liner-to-neck distance decreased as external rotation or adduction increased. Negative correlations were found between anterior/posterior liner-to-neck distances at maximum flexion/extension and internal/external rotation. Anterior/posterior liner-to-neck impingements were observed in 6/18 hips (18/56%) at 45° internal/external rotation with 20° adduction. The range of target cup anteversion, stem anteversion, and combined anteversion to avoid both anterior and posterior liner-to-neck impingements during squatting were 15°–18°, 19°–34°, and 41°–56°, respectively.

Conclusion: Simulated hip rotations caused prosthetic impingement during squatting. Surgeons could gain valuable insights into target cup orientations and stem anteversion based on postoperative simulations during the deeply flexed posture.
Delta and jagged are candidate target genes of RNAi biopesticides for the control of Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Yang Xifa , Liu Shaokai , Lu Wenhui , Du Mengfang , Qiao Zhuangzhuang , Liang Zhen , An Yiting , Gao Jing , Li Xiang
Published: November 2022

The brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens) is an important pest in rice cultivation, and chemical pesticide over-use and ineffectiveness of existing Bt transgenic rice against piercing-sucking insects make novel control methods necessary. RNA interference (RNAi) biopesticide is a new type of product with high efficiency and specificity and are simple to use. The Notch signaling pathway has extensive and important physiological functions and plays a key role in the development of insects. In this study, two key ligand genes of the Notch signaling pathway, delta (dl) and jagged (jag), were selected and their lethal effects and functional analysis were systematically evaluated using a stable short-winged population (Brachypterous strain) and a long-winged population (Macropterous strain) of BPHs. The full-length coding sequences of Nldl and Nljag comprised 1,863 and 3,837 base pairs, encoding 620 and 1,278 amino acids, respectively. The nucleic acid sequences of Nldl and Nljag were identical between the two strains. The expression levels of Nldl and Nljag were relatively high in the head of the nymphs, followed by those in the abdomen. Through RNAi treatment, we found that injection of BPH nymphs of both strains with dsNldl (10–50 ng/nymph) or dsNljag (100 ng/nymph) produced lethal or teratogenic effects. dsRNA treatment showed excellent inhibitory effects on the expression of target genes on days 1 and 5, suggesting that RNAi rapidly exhibits effects which persist for long periods of time in BPHs. Taken together, our results confirm the potential of Nldl and Nljag as target genes of RNAi biopesticides, and we propose optimized dosages for the control of BPHs.
Wear patterns in knee OA correlate with native limb geometry
Authors: Van Oevelen A. , Van den Borre I. , Duquesne K. , Pizurica A. , Victor J. , Nauwelaers N. , Claes P. , Audenaert E.
Published: November 2022

Background: To date, the amount of cartilage loss is graded by means of discrete scoring systems on artificially divided regions of interest (ROI). However, optimal statistical comparison between and within populations requires anatomically standardized cartilage thickness assessment. Providing anatomical standardization relying on non-rigid registration, we aim to compare morphotypes of a healthy control cohort and virtual reconstructed twins of end-stage knee OA subjects to assess the shape-related knee OA risk and to evaluate possible correlations between phenotype and location of cartilage loss.

Methods: Out of an anonymized dataset provided by the Medacta company (Medacta International SA, Castel S. Pietro, CH), 798 end-stage knee OA cases were extracted. Cartilage wear patterns were observed by computing joint space width. The three-dimensional joint space width data was translated into a two-dimensional pixel image, which served as the input for a principal polynomial autoencoder developed for non-linear encoding of wear patterns. Virtual healthy twin reconstruction enabled the investigation of the morphology-related risk for OA requiring joint arthroplasty.

Results: The polynomial autoencoder revealed 4 dominant, orthogonal components, accounting for 94% of variance in the latent feature space. This could be interpreted as medial (54.8%), bicompartmental (25.2%) and lateral (9.1%) wear. Medial wear was subdivided into anteromedial (11.3%) and posteromedial (10.4%) wear. Pre-diseased limb geometry had a positive predictive value of 0.80 in the prediction of OA incidence (r 0.58, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: An innovative methodological workflow is presented to correlate cartilage wear patterns with knee joint phenotype and to assess the distinct knee OA risk based on pre-diseased lower limb morphology. Confirming previous research, both alignment and joint geometry are of importance in knee OA disease onset and progression.
A TGF-loading hydrogel scaffold capable of promoting chondrogenic differentiation for repairing rabbit nasal septum cartilage defect
Authors: Zhang Dan , Su Ying , Sun Peng , Liu Xingzhi , Zhang Lin , Ling Xuwei , Fan Yuhui , Wu Kang , Shi Qin , Liu Jisheng
Published: November 2022

Hydrogel-based tissue engineering has been widely used to repair cartilage injury. However, whether this approach can be applied to treat nasal septum cartilage defects remains unclear. In this study, three gelatin methacrylate-based scaffolds loaded with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (GelMA-T) were prepared, and their effects on repair of nasal septum cartilage defects were examined. In vitro, the GelMA-T scaffolds showed good biocompatibility and promoted the chondrogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells. Among three scaffolds, the 10% GelMA-T scaffold promoted chondrogenic differentiation most effectively, which significantly improved the expression of chondrocyte-related genes, including Col II, Sox9, and ACAN. In vivo, 10% GelMA-T scaffolds and 10% GelMA-T scaffolds loaded with bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs; 10% GelMA-T/BMSCs) were transplanted into a nasal septum cartilage defect site in a rabbit model. At 4, 12, and 24 weeks after surgery, the nasal septum cartilage defects exhibited more complete repair in rabbits treated with the 10% GelMA-T/BMSC scaffold as demonstrated by hematoxylin & eosin, safranine-O, and toluidine blue staining. We showed that GelMA-T/BMSCs can be applied in physiological and structural repair of defects in nasal septum cartilage, providing a potential strategy for repairing cartilage defects in the clinic.
Wnt signaling directs human pluripotent stem cells into vascularized cardiac organoids with chamber-like structures
Authors: Liang Po-Yu , Chang Yun , Jin Gyuhyung , Lian Xiaojun , Bao Xiaoping
Published: November 2022

Heart diseases are leading cause of death around the world. Given their unique capacity to self-renew and differentiate into all types of somatic cells, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold great promise for heart disease modeling and cardiotoxic drug screening. hPSC-derived cardiac organoids are emerging biomimetic models for studying heart development and cardiovascular diseases, but it remains challenging to make mature organoids with a native-like structure in vitro. In this study, temporal modulation of Wnt signaling pathway co-differentiated hPSCs into beating cardiomyocytes and cardiac endothelial-like cells in 3D organoids, resulting in cardiac endothelial-bounded chamber formation. These chambered cardiac organoids exhibited more mature membrane potential compared to cardiac organoids composed of only cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, a better response to toxic drugs was observed in chamber-contained cardiac organoids. In summary, spatiotemporal signaling pathway modulation may lead to more mature cardiac organoids for studying cardiovascular development and diseases.
Optimization of the precursor supply for an enhanced FK506 production in Streptomyces tsukubaensis
Authors: Schulz Susann , Schall Christoph , Stehle Thilo , Breitmeyer Christian , Krysenko Sergii , Mitulski Agnieszka , Wohlleben Wolfgang
Published: November 2022

Tacrolimus (FK506) is a macrolide widely used as immunosuppressant to prevent transplant rejection. Synthetic production of FK506 is not efficient and costly, whereas the biosynthesis of FK506 is complex and the level produced by the wild type strain, Streptomyces tsukubaensis, is very low. We therefore engineered FK506 biosynthesis and the supply of the precursor L-lysine to generate strains with improved FK506 yield. To increase FK506 production, first the intracellular supply of the essential precursor lysine was improved in the native host S. tsukubaensis NRRL 18488 by engineering the lysine biosynthetic pathway. Therefore, a feedback deregulated aspartate kinase AskSt* of S. tsukubaensis was generated by site directed mutagenesis. Whereas overexpression of AskSt* resulted only in a 17% increase in FK506 yield, heterologous overexpression of a feedback deregulated AskCg* from Corynebacterium glutamicum was proven to be more efficient. Combined overexpression of AskCg* and DapASt, showed a strong enhancement of the intracellular lysine pool following increase in the yield by approximately 73% compared to the wild type. Lysine is coverted into the FK506 building block pipecolate by the lysine cyclodeaminase FkbL. Construction of a ∆fkbL mutant led to a complete abolishment of the FK506 production, confirming the indispensability of this enzyme for FK506 production. Chemical complementation of the ∆fkbL mutant by feeding pipecolic acid and genetic complementation with fkbL as well as with other lysine cyclodeaminase genes (pipAf, pipASt, originating from Actinoplanes friuliensis and Streptomyces pristinaespiralis, respectively) completely restored FK506 production. Subsequently, FK506 production was enchanced by heterologous overexpression of PipAf and PipASp in S. tsukubaensis. This resulted in a yield increase by 65% compared to the WT in the presence of PipAf from A. friuliensis. For further rational yield improvement, the crystal structure of PipAf from A. friuliensis was determined at 1.3 Å resolution with the cofactor NADH bound and at 1.4 Å with its substrate lysine. Based on the structure the Ile91 residue was replaced by Val91 in PipAf, which resulted in an overall increase of FK506 production by approx. 100% compared to the WT.
Orbital and eyelid diseases: The next breakthrough in artificial intelligence?
Authors: Bao Xiao-Li , Sun Ying-Jian , Zhan Xi , Li Guang-Yu
Published: November 2022

Orbital and eyelid disorders affect normal visual functions and facial appearance, and precise oculoplastic and reconstructive surgeries are crucial. Artificial intelligence (AI) network models exhibit a remarkable ability to analyze large sets of medical images to locate lesions. Currently, AI-based technology can automatically diagnose and grade orbital and eyelid diseases, such as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), as well as measure eyelid morphological parameters based on external ocular photographs to assist surgical strategies. The various types of imaging data for orbital and eyelid diseases provide a large amount of training data for network models, which might be the next breakthrough in AI-related research. This paper retrospectively summarizes different imaging data aspects addressed in AI-related research on orbital and eyelid diseases, and discusses the advantages and limitations of this research field.
Progress on TiO2-based materials for solar water interfacial evaporation
Authors: Srishti  , Khandelwal Khushi , Kumar Aditya , Sinhamahapatra Apurba
Published: November 2022

Solar water interfacial evaporation (SWIE) has attracted much attention for harvesting clean water. Over the last few decades, researchers have developed an innovative photo-thermal material for high-performance solar water interfacial evaporation. For higher evaporation performance, TiO2-based materials gain attention as a promising photo-thermal material due to their light absorption capacity. This study compared conceptual designs of TiO2-based materials for SWIE. Structural design and engineering strategies for improving evaporation rates and higher thermal conversion efficiency were reviewed. In addition, the material’s thermal stability and heat management were analyzed. This review provides an overview of the current advances in photo-thermal TiO2 materials to motivate research and translation efforts from the laboratory to large-scale solar water clean water production. Additional benefits of TiO2 materials on solar water interfacial evaporation should be investigated beyond containers to solve interconnected water, environmental, and energy progression.
Synthesis of novel amidines via one-pot three component reactions: Selective topoisomerase I inhibitors with antiproliferative properties
Authors: El-Sheref Essmat M. , Tawfeek Hendawy N. , Hassan Alaa A. , Bräse S. , Elbastawesy Mohammed A. I. , Gomaa Hesham A. M. , Mostafa Yaser A. , Youssif Bahaa G. M.
Published: November 2022

Novel series of amidines were synthesized via the interaction between alicyclic amines, cyclic ketones, and a highly electrophilic 4-azidoquinolin-2(1H)-ones without any catalyst or additive. All the obtained products were elucidated based on NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The reaction conditions were optimized using cyclohexanone (2), piperidine (3a), and 4-azido-quinolin-2(1H)-one (1a) under an air atmosphere. The new compounds 4a-l and 5a-c were tested for antiproliferative activity against four cancer cell lines using doxorubicin as a reference drug. The most potent derivatives were compounds 4b, 4d, 4e, 4i, and 5c, with GI50 ranging from 1.00 µM to 1.50 µM. Compound 5c was the most effective derivative against the four cancer cell lines, outperforming doxorubicin. The compounds 4b, 4d, 4e, 4i, and 5c were studied further as topoisomerase I and IIα inhibitors. The compounds tested showed selective inhibition of topo I over topo IIα. Finally, docking studies explain why these compounds prefer topo I over topo IIα.
Survival and detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants on dry swabs post storage
Authors: Gordhan Bhavna G. , Ealand Christopher S. , Kana Bavesh D.
Published: November 2022

COVID-19 has resulted in nearly 598 million infections and over 6.46 million deaths since the start of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in 2019. The rapid onset of the pandemic, combined with the emergence of viral variants, crippled many health systems particularly from the perspective of coping with massive diagnostic loads. Shortages of diagnostic kits and capacity forced laboratories to store clinical samples resulting in huge backlogs, the effects of this on diagnostic pickup have not been fully understood. Herein, we investigated the impact of storing SARS-CoV-2 inoculated dry swabs on the detection and viability of four viral strains over a period of 7 days. Viral load, as detected by qRT-PCR, displayed no significant degradation during this time for all viral loads tested. In contrast, there was a ca. 2 log reduction in viral viability as measured by the tissue culture infectious dose (TCID) assay, with 1-3 log viable virus detected on dry swabs after 7 days. When swabs were coated with 102 viral copies of the Omicron variant, no viable virus was detected after 24 hours following storage at 4°C or room temperature. However there was no loss of PCR signal over 7 days. All four strains showed comparable growth kinetics and survival when cultured in Vero E6 cells. Our data provide information on the viability of SARS-CoV-2 on stored swabs in a clinical setting with important implications for diagnostic pickup and laboratory processing protocols. Survival after 7 days of SARS-CoV-2 strains on swabs with high viral loads may impact public health and biosafety practices in diagnostic laboratories.
Code red for humanity or time for broad collective action? Exploring the role of positive and negative messaging in (de)motivating climate action
Authors: Martel-Morin Marjolaine , Lachapelle Erick
Published: November 2022

Despite decades of warning from climate scientists, the international community has largely failed at reining in planet-warming greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this context, scientific assessments of climate change—like those periodic reviews provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)—are repeatedly faced with the challenge of communicating the rapidly closing window for securing a livable future on Earth. Yet, it remains unclear whether sounding “code red for humanity” fosters climate action or climate paralysis. The ongoing debate among climate change communication scholars about the (in)effectiveness of fear-based messaging sheds light on three intertwined and often overlooked aspects of emotional appeals in communication: the content of the message frame, the emotional arousal it induces, and the values and dispositions of the audiences receiving the message. While previous work has addressed questions related to one or two of these aspects, this study examines the role of positive and negative messaging in (de)motivating climate action, with particular attention to how messages, emotions and audiences interact in the process of communication. Leveraging data drawn from a sample of environmental group supporters in Canada (N = 308), we first identify and describe four unique audiences within supporters of Canada's environmental movement that vary in their levels of engagement and radicalism. We then examine how negative and positive messaging influence emotional arousal and climate action across audience segments. We find that negative messages about climate change (e.g., sounding “code red for humanity”) can be less mobilizing than positive messaging, even when the message is directed toward relatively engaged audiences and followed by the opportunity to take a specific, actionable and effective action. These findings help shed light on the potential limits of fear-based messaging in the context of a global public health pandemic while further highlighting the importance of communicating in ways that inspire people through hopeful and optimistic messages.
Osteoarthritis and cardiovascular disease: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Zhao , Kang Chan , Xu Pai , Zhang Shuyi , Song Jae Hwang , Wang Dongyang , Yuan Shuai , Lee Hyun Jong , Zhang Meng , Wang Zhihui , Sun Hao , Fan Ruobing
Published: November 2022

Objective

This Mendelian randomization (MR) study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between osteoarthritis (OA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods

From a genome-wide association study of European ancestry, we selected single nucleotide polymorphisms for two types of OA, knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and hip osteoarthritis (HOA), as instrumental variables. We evaluated three types of CVD: coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF), and stroke. We used the traditional inverse variance weighting (IVW) method and other methods to estimate causality. Heterogeneity and sensitivity tests were also applied. Finally, we conducted a MR analysis in the opposite direction to investigate reverse causality.

Results

IVW analysis showed that HOA significantly affected the incidence of HF [odds ratio (OR): 1.0675; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0182–0.1125, P = 0.0066]. HOA significantly affected the incidence of stroke (OR: 1.1368; 95% CI: 1.0739–1.2033, P = 9.9488e-06). CHD could dramatically affect the incidence of KOA (OR: 0.9011; 95% CI: 0.8442–0.9619, P = 0.0018). The rest of the results were negative.

Conclusions

Our results revealed a potential causal relationship between HOA and risk of HF, and a potential causal relationship between HOA and risk of stroke. Our findings also suggested that CHD has a significant causal relationship with the risk of KOA. This paper may provide new ideas for the treatment of OA and CVD.
Asynchrony between urban expansion and water environmental protection reshapes the spatial patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and N:P stoichiometry in inland small water bodies in Changsha, China
Authors: Zhou Jiaogen , Li Ying , Lei Qiuliang , Feng Qingyu , Luo Jiafa , Lindsey Stuart
Published: November 2022

The asynchrony of urban expansion and urban water environmental protection is a common problem in the process of urbanization. Although urban expansion results in population agglomeration and dramatic changes of land use, it also brings municipal water infrastructures to enhance the water quality of urban water bodies. In order to understand the relationship between water quality and urban expansion and water environmental management, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were measured, which were taken from 68 small urban water bodies in three distance bands (<5 km, 5–10 km and >10 km away from the city center of Changsha City, China) and four main water management types of protection, recovery, degradation and fisheries. The results showed that: 1) with increase in distance away from the city center, TN and TP concentrations in small water bodies and the percentage of polluted samples (IV ∼ inferior V) showed an increasing trend. 2) The degree of protection of small urban water bodies in the study area has not been synchronistic with urban expansion. The protected water bodies (long-term protected and recovering) are mainly distributed in the <5 km distance band, and anthropogenic disturbances (degraded water bodies and small water bodies used for fish farming) were mainly distributed in the 5–10 km and >10 km distance bands. Also, degraded and fish-managed water bodies had higher TN and TP contents than protected and recovering water bodies, but their TN:TP ratios were significantly lower. 3) Overall, urban expansion and water body management contributed 55.8% of the variance of TN and TP concentrations and TN:TP ratios in the study area. Water body management alone contributed 22.2%, which was higher than the contribution of urban expansion (7.6%). This shows that the insufficient application of water environmental protection measures has significantly changed the spatial distribution patterns of N and P concentrations and TN:TP ratios in urban small water bodies as the Changsha urban area has expanded. In the process of urban expansion, the simultaneous development of urban water ecological management is essential to ensure the health protection of the urban water environment.
Prediction model and consequence analysis for riverine oil spills
Authors: Yang Yu-feng , Wang Shu , Zhu Zhen-duo , Jin Long-zhe
Published: November 2022

Long-distance oil and gas pipelines play an important role in ensuring energy imports, but can cause riverine oil spills and threaten public health and the environment. The emergency disposal of spilled oil is affected by a number of factors such as the difficulty of disposal and the long recovery cycle; however, there are deficiencies in the understanding of river oil spills. In this study, a prediction model of the river oil spill trajectory based on the random walk particle tracking algorithm was constructed. The performance of the model was tested by simulating the Enbridge Line 6B Oil Discharge scenario occurred in the United States in 2010. The temporal and spatial variations of the oil pollution zone in downstream and vertical directions were studied, and the interception effects on the arrival time of oil in key sections were obtained. Results showed that after the spilled oil entered the surface water body, the tiny oil droplets generated by crushing can remain underwater for a long time, making them difficult to detect and intercept. It can further combine with suspended particles in the water, settle, and pollute the riverbed, which has a greater potential for harm and risk. The model offers helpful information for the first-phase emergency response for riverine oil spills.
Estimating probability of visual detection of exotic pests and diseases in the grains industry—An expert elicitation approach
Authors: Arndt Edith , Rumpff Libby , Lane Stephen , Bau Sana , Mebalds Martin , Kompas Tom
Published: November 2022

Participants in the grains industry undertake general surveillance monitoring of grain crops for early detection of pests and diseases. Evaluating the adequacy of monitoring to ensure successful early detection relies on understanding the probability of detection of the relevant exotic crop pests and diseases. Empirical data on probability of detection is often not available. Our aim was to both gain a better understanding of how agronomists undertake visual crop surveillance, and use this insight to help inform structured expert judgments about the probability of early detection of various exotic grain pests and diseases. In our study we surveyed agronomists under a state funded program to identify survey methods used to undertake visual inspection of grain crops, and their confidence in detecting pests and diseases using the associated methods. We then elicited expert judgments on the probabilities of visual detection by agronomists of key exotic pests and diseases, and compared these estimates with the self-assessments of confidence made by agronomists. Results showed that agronomists used a systematic approach to visual crop inspection but that they were not confident in detecting exotic pests and diseases, with the exception of pest and diseases that affect leaves. They were most confident in visually detecting Barley stripe rust and Russian wheat aphid; however, confidence in detecting the latter was influenced by recent training. Expert judgments on the ability of agronomists to visually detect exotic pests and diseases early was in accordance with agronomists’ self-rated confidence of detection but highlighted uncertainty around the ability of agronomists in detecting non-leaf pests and diseases. The outcomes of the study demonstrated the utility of structured expert elicitation as a cost-effective tool for reducing knowledge gaps around the sensitivity of general surveillance for early detection, which in turn improves area freedom estimates.
Dysregulated hepatic lipid metabolism and gut microbiota associated with early-stage NAFLD in ASPP2-deficiency mice
Authors: Xie Fang , Xu Hang-fei , Zhang Jing , Liu Xiao-ni , Kou Bu-xin , Cai Meng-yin , Wu Jing , Dong Jin-ling , Meng Qing-hua , Wang Yi , Chen Dexi , Zhang Yang
Published: November 2022

Background

Growing evidence indicates that lipid metabolism disorders and gut microbiota dysbiosis were related to the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Apoptosis-stimulating p53 protein 2 (ASPP2) has been reported to protect against hepatocyte injury by regulating the lipid metabolism, but the mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigate the effect of ASPP2 deficiency on NAFLD, lipid metabolism and gut microbiota using ASPP2 globally heterozygous knockout (ASPP2+/-) mice.

Methods

ASPP2+/- Balb/c mice were fed with methionine and choline deficient diet for 3, 10 and 40 day to induce an early and later-stage of NAFLD, respectively. Fresh fecal samples were collected and followed by 16S rRNA sequencing. HPLC-MRM relative quantification analysis was used to identify changes in hepatic lipid profiles. The expression level of innate immunity-, lipid metabolism- and intestinal permeability-related genes were determined. A spearman’s rank correlation analysis was performed to identify possible correlation between hepatic medium and long-chain fatty acid and gut microbiota in ASPP2-deficiency mice.

Results

Compared with the WT control, ASPP2-deficiency mice developed moderate steatosis at day 10 and severe steatosis at day 40. The levels of hepatic long chain omega-3 fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22:6 n-3), were decreased at day 10 and increased at day 40 in ASPP+/- mice. Fecal microbiota analysis showed significantly increased alpha and beta diversity, as well as the composition of gut microbiota at the phylum, class, order, family, genus, species levels in ASPP2+/- mice. Moreover, ASPP-deficiency mice exhibited impaired intestinal barrier function, reduced expression of genes associated with chemical barrier (REG3B, REG3G, Lysozyme and IAP), and increased expression of innate immune components (TLR4 and TLR2). Furthermore, correlation analysis between gut microbiota and fatty acids revealed that EPA was significantly negatively correlated with Bifidobacterium family.

Conclusion

Our findings suggested that ASPP2-deficiency promotes the progression of NAFLD, alterations in fatty acid metabolism and gut microbiota dysbiosis. The long chain fatty acid EPA was significantly negatively correlated with Bifidobacterial abundance, which is a specific feature of NAFLD in ASPP2-deficiency mice. Totally, the results provide evidence for a mechanism of ASPP2 on dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism and gut microbiota dysbiosis.
Re-evaluation of mouse models of endometriosis for pathological and immunological research
Authors: He Ying , Liang Bo , Hung Sze Wan , Zhang Ruizhe , Xu Hui , Chung Jacqueline Pui Wah , Wang Chi Chiu
Published: November 2022

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent gynecological disease with chronic pelvic inflammation. In order to study the pathophysiology of endometriosis and examine the therapeutic effects of new pharmaceuticals for endometriosis treatment, different animal models had been developed in the last two decades, especially mouse models. However, no study evaluated the effects of various modeling approaches on pathology and immunology in endometriosis. This study aimed to compare endometriotic lesion development and immune profiles under different methods of establishing endometriosis models in mice, including estrus synchronization (ovariectomy with estrogen supplement versus male urine-soaked transfer bedding), endometrium preparations (whole uterus including endometrium and myometrium fragments versus solely endometrium fragments), and surgical transplantation (subcutaneous transplantation versus intraperitoneal injection). Our results showed that lesion growth under estrus synchronization by ovariectomy with estrogen supplement had a higher success rate and more proliferative endometrium, apart from higher body weight gain. Immune responses in peripheral blood were similar in the whole uterus and solely endometrium fragments and in intraperitoneal injection and subcutaneous transplantation, but a more innate immune response in the peritoneal microenvironment was found in solely endometrium fragments and intraperitoneal injection than counterparts. In conclusion, different endometriosis modeling methods result in different pathological and immunological features. Ovariectomy with estrogen supplement, solely endometrium fragments, and intraperitoneal injection are more suitable for both pathological and immunological studies of endometriosis in mice, which are important for mechanistic studies and immunotherapy development.
Exploring CYGNSS mission for surface heat flux estimates and analysis over tropical oceans
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Yang Jingsong , Yan Yunwei , Li Weiqiang
Published: November 2022

The Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) mission can measure sea surface wind over tropical oceans with unprecedented temporal resolution and spatial coverage, so as to estimate surface latent and sensible heat fluxes (LHF and SHF). In this paper, the satellite-derived LHF/SHF estimates from CYGNSS are quantitatively evaluated and analyzed by those from the Global Tropical Moored Buoy. Comparisons of the LHF and SHF estimates demonstrate the good performance and reliability of CYGNSS heat flux products during the period of 2017–2022, including CYGNSS Level 2 Ocean Surface Heat Flux Climate Data Record (CDR) Version 1.0 and Version 1.1. Different latent heat characteristics in the tropical oceans are evaluated separately based on each buoy array, suggesting better agreement in the Atlantic for LHF/SHF products. Based on the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment 3.5 algorithm, the impact of wind speed on the LHF/SHF estimates is analyzed by using the the Science Data Record V3.1 and NOAA V1.2 science wind products. The results show that the performance of satellite-derived wind speed directly affects the accuracy of LHF products, with an improvement of 17% in root-mean-square error over that of LHF CDR V1.0. Especially, in the Indian Ocean, accuracy can be improved by 26.8%. This paper demonstrates that the heat flux estimates along the orbit of the CYGNSS are an important supplement to in situ observational data and will benefit the study of global climate change.
Assessing the potential for resource competition between the Kerguelen Plateau fisheries and southern elephant seals
Authors: Hindell Mark Andrew , McMahon Clive Reginald , Guinet Christophe , Harcourt Rob , Jonsen Ian David , Raymond Ben , Maschette Dale
Published: November 2022

Indirect ecological interactions such as competition for resources between fisheries and marine predators have often been proposed but can be difficult to demonstrate empirically. The Kerguelen Plateau in the Southern Indian Ocean supports fisheries for both Patagonian toothfish and mackerel icefish and is also an important foraging ground for several avian and mammalian predators, including the southern elephant seal. We quantified the spatio-temporal use of the plateau by southern elephant seals and found that males and females spent 30% of their time on the plateau within the commonly used fishing grounds, indicating the possibility of competition for resources there. We then contrasted the seals’ use of two habitat types, the benthos (where interactions with the long-line fisheries are most likely) and the epi-pelagic zone. The likelihood of feeding on the benthos declined as ocean depth increased and was also less likely at night. Males were also more likely to feed on the benthos than females. The sub-adult male seals consumed an estimated 6,814 – 14,848 tons of high energy content prey (including toothfish) and females 7,085 – 18,037 tons from the plateau during the post-molt winter months. For males this represented 79.6 - 173.4% of the mean annual catch by the Kerguelen fishery compared to 82.8 - 210.7% for adult females. When considering the seals consumption of fish from the benthos within the fishing grounds these estimates decreased to 3.6 - 15.1% of the fishery’s total annual catch for females and 7.8 - 19.1% for males. While this further indicates the possibility of indirect ecological interactions (with the fishery taking more fish than the seals), the lack of detailed diet information for the seals precludes us from establishing the degree or nature of the possible interactions because the importance of toothfish and icefish in the diet of the seals is unknown. However, the unique life history and highly polygynous nature of this species, and the lack of evidence of a measurable effect on either the seal’s population growth rates or the catch per unit of the fishery, suggest that any indirect ecological interactions are not of sufficient magnitude to affect either the seal population or the fishery.
Identifying priority areas for tidal wetland restoration by integrating ecosystem services supply and demand mismatches
Authors: Lin Shiwei , Li Xiuzhen , Wu Ruidong , Ma Yuxi , Zhao Wenzhen , Wang Jiangjing
Published: November 2022

Governments and non-governmental organizations have widely recognized tidal wetland restoration as a sustainable instrument to lessen the threat of climate change, which is reflected by the expansion of the spatial scale of coastal restoration projects. However, approaches to large-scale spatial planning of tidal wetland restoration remain sparse. Previous studies on site selection for restoration planning have focused on the potential supply of ecosystem services (ES) or restoration feasibility with less emphasis on the mitigation of the status of regional ES supply and demand mismatches. We developed a five-step workflow based on systematic conservation planning to identify priority areas for tidal wetland restoration and applied it to the coastal reclaimed areas of Shanghai, China. With this workflow, we analyzed the changes in spatial distribution and the potential ecosystem services supply and restoration costs of priority areas between the two different scenarios of ES demand ignored and ES demand considered. Results showed that the potential restorable areas only accounted for 31.4% (425.2 km²) of the original reclaimed area because of other land use demands (e.g., permanent basic farmland conservation). We extracted 50% of the potential restorable areas as priority areas based on Aichi Target 15. Compared with the ES demand-ignored scenario, the ES demand scenario resulted in a substantial increase in the priority areas of Baoshan District (~177%) and Pudong New Area (~15%) and a small decrease in Chongming District (~4%). No significant change in the potential ES supply for all priority areas was observed between the two scenarios. However, the total restoration cost of the ES demand scenario is 10% higher than that of the ES demand-ignored scenario. Our study highlights the importance of considering the status of regional ES supply and demand (mis)matches in large-scale spatial planning for tidal wetland restoration.