bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) at the preanalytical phase for POCT blood gas analysis: proposal for a shared proactive risk analysis model
Authors: Van Hoof Viviane , Bench Suzanne , Soto Antonio Buño , Luppa Peter P. , Malpass Anthony , Schilling Ulf Martin , Rooney Kevin D. , Stretton Adam , Tintu Andrei N.
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Proposal of a risk analysis model to diminish negative impact on patient care by preanalytical errors in blood gas analysis (BGA).

Methods

Here we designed a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) risk assessment template for BGA, based on literature references and expertise of an international team of laboratory and clinical health care professionals.

Results

The FMEA identifies pre-analytical process steps, errors that may occur whilst performing BGA (potential failure mode), possible consequences (potential failure effect) and preventive/corrective actions (current controls). Probability of failure occurrence (OCC), severity of failure (SEV) and probability of failure detection (DET) are scored per potential failure mode. OCC and DET depend on test setting and patient population e.g., they differ in primary community health centres as compared to secondary community hospitals and third line university or specialized hospitals. OCC and DET also differ between stand-alone and networked instruments, manual and automated patient identification, and whether results are automatically transmitted to the patient’s electronic health record. The risk priority number (RPN = SEV × OCC × DET) can be applied to determine the sequence in which risks are addressed. RPN can be recalculated after implementing changes to decrease OCC and/or increase DET. Key performance indicators are also proposed to evaluate changes.

Conclusions

This FMEA model will help health care professionals manage and minimize the risk of preanalytical errors in BGA.
Optimal Convergence of the Newton Iterative Crank–Nicolson Finite Element Method for the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Hu Hanzhang , Li Buyang , Zou Jun
Published: May 2022

An error estimate is presented for the Newton iterative Crank–Nicolson finite element method for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, fully discretized by quadrature, without restriction on the grid ratio between temporal step size and spatial mesh size.
It is shown that the Newton iterative solution converges double exponentially with respect to the number of iterations to the solution of the implicit Crank–Nicolson method uniformly for all time levels, with optimal convergence in both space and time.
Process design and economic assessment of large-scale production of molybdenum disulfide nanomaterials
Authors: Hachhach Mouad , Akram Hanane , Hanafi Mounir , Achak Ouafae , Chafik Tarik
Published: May 2022

The design of large-scale nanomaterial production is nowadays a major research topic that requires efficient tools for appropriate decision-making and process simulation is considered among the rational approach to address such difficult issue. The present study deals with process design and economic assessment of Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) nanomaterials production at large-scale via solvothermal method basing on our previous bench scale results. The commercial simulator Aspen Plus was used for process modelling and assuming a plant capacity of 100 tonnes/year. The simulation results were used to perform the cost assessment and profitability analysis while taking into account two relevant cases with (Recycle Case) and without recycling of Ethylenediamine and Hydrazine (Base Case). Note that for the technological and economical assessment the effluent treatment system was not taken into account. The total capital investment was estimated to be ca.14.3 M$ for the base case and ca. 17.4 M$ for recycle case, while the total operating costs were about 2945 $ for the base case and 503 $ for the recycle case for the production of 1 kg of MoS2. Thus, in addition to intrinsic advantages associated with the easier preparation and lower environmental impact of solvothermal method, larger production with recycling option can make the process more economically profitable.
Vertical distribution of STN and STP in watershed of loess hilly region
Authors: Meng Tingting , Liu Jinbao , Wang Huanyuan , Du Yichun
Published: May 2022

In order to explore the effects of land use change on the contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in deep soil, four land use types (cropland, grassland (7 years), grassland (30 years), and Jujube orchard) were selected from the Yuanzegou watershed in the loess hilly region of northern China. Soil samples at 0–10 m depth were collected to measure the contents of soil total nitrogen (STN) and soil total phosphorus (STP), and their stocks were estimated. The results showed that the STN content showed a decreasing trend with the increase in soil depth, and the lowest STN content of grassland (7 years) was 0.09–0.17 g kg−1. The range of STN content in the watershed was 0.12–0.22 g kg−1 and the coefficient of variation was 10.52–25.90%, which belonged to medium variation. The STP content is stable regionally with the change in soil depth, and does not change much (except for grassland [30 years]). STP content of the watershed is 0.81–1.05 g kg−1 and the coefficient of variation is 9.37–54.69%, which is a high variation. The change trend of STN and STP stocks is consistent with the nitrogen and phosphorus content. The results revealed the dynamic changes in STN and STP after land use change, and estimated the stocks of STN and STP in deep loess, which provided scientific basis for land and soil resource management and sustainable development of the project of returning farmland to forest or grassland in small watershed of loess hilly-gully region.
Smelting high purity 55SiCr automobile suspension spring steel with different refractories
Authors: Li Yang , Chen Changyong , Qin Guoqing , Jiang Zhouhua
Published: May 2022

We performed a laboratory investigation at 1,873 K using a MoSi2 furnace to study the effect of refractories on inclusions in 55SiCr suspension spring steel. Three types of crucible materials (Al2O3, MgO·Al2O3, and MgO–CaO) were investigated. The results of this study indicated that SiO2, Al2O3, and MgO·Al2O3 were not suitable for making 55SiCr suspension spring steel. By contrast, MgO–CaO was a perfect choice for producing 55SiCr suspension spring steel. The advantages of using MgO–CaO crucibles to smelt 55SiCr spring steel were summarized in three aspects as follows: (i) the stability of MgO–CaO was quite good; (ii) a MgO–CaO crucible could act as a desulfurizer and dephosphorizer; (iii) finally, a MgO–CaO crucible could simultaneously remove Al2O3 inclusions.
Mung bean protein films incorporated with cumin essential oil: development and characterization
Authors: Mojoodi Majid , Nourani Moloud
Published: May 2022

Biodegradable films based on mung bean protein (1, 3 and 5%) incorporated with cumin essential oil (EO) (0, 0.25 and 0.5 ml/g protein) were developed. Adding cumin oil and increasing the protein content enhanced the thickness, tensile strength and yellowness. Films incorporated with EO exhibited less water vapor permeability and water solubility, as compared to the control films. A higher antioxidant activity was also obtained by increasing the EO and protein ratios. Films with higher levels of protein displayed lower thermal stability with a lower degradation temperature, as suggested by thermo-gravimetric analyses. In addition, the incorporation of EO reduced thermal stability, as confirmed by the higher weight loss and lower degradation temperature. Furthermore, mung bean protein films containing 0.5 ml cumin oil/g protein had suitable physical characteristics, antioxidant activities, water barrier properties and thermal stability; thus, they can be used as appropriate biodegradable packaging materials for food preservation.
Managing a discourse of reporting: the complex composing of an asylum narrative
Authors: Wadensjö Cecilia , Rehnberg Hanna Sofia , Nikolaidou Zoe
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study is to demonstrate how the presence of an emerging written record may affect the content of an asylum narrative, based on which a decision concerning the asylum claimant’s right to receive protection eventually is taken. The lion’s share of studies on interpreter-mediated asylum interviews to date focus on risks involved with assigning non-professionals to perform the interpreting. This study draws specifically on a 3.5 min-long sequence taken from an asylum interview involving a professional interpreter, working between Russian and Swedish, and the corresponding paragraph of the Swedish-language written minutes, produced in parallel by the caseworker at a Migration Agency office. The study demonstrates something that hasn’t been highlighted much in the literature on asylum interviews, namely the mutual impact of the interpreter-mediated communicative format—the specific turn taking order and the restricted linguistic transparency—and the parallel record keeping; the intricate passage from two spoken languages to an asylum narrative in the form of a text written in one of these languages.
Conditioned pain modulation is not associated with thermal pain illusion
Authors: Oono Yuka , Kubo Hidenori , Takagi Saori , Wang Kelun , Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Kohase Hikaru
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Paradoxical sensations, known as thermal pain illusions, can be evoked by painful cold-heat pulse stimulation. They may provide diagnostic value; however, the possible interaction between conditioned pain modulation and thermal pain illusions has not been explored. The present study examined: (1) whether conditioned pain modulation could be induced by alternating tonic painful cold-heat pulse stimulation; and (2) whether the presence of thermal pain illusions during the conditioning stimulus influences the degree of conditioned pain modulation.

Methods

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Meikai University (A1507). Conditioned pain modulation was provoked using alternating painful cold-heat pulses delivered at 20-s intervals applied to the forearm. Thermal pain illusions were qualitatively evaluated, and conditioned pain modulation was assessed quantitatively using the pressure pain threshold as a test stimulus. Differences in the conditioned pain modulation effect between the participants who experienced thermal pain illusions and those who did not were analysed using Student’s t-test.

Results

A significant positive conditioned pain modulation effect (51.0 ± 4.7%, overall effect) was detected. There was no significant difference in conditioned pain modulation between the participants who experienced thermal pain illusions and those who did not (44.3 ± 6.0% and 55.5 ± 6.8%, respectively; p = 0.255).

Conclusions

Conditioned pain modulation induced by alternating painful conditioning cold-heat pulse stimulation was identical during the conditioning stimulation in volunteers with and without thermal pain illusions. Conditioning cold-heat pulse stimulation is useful to evaluate conditioned pain modulation. Moreover, conditioned pain modulation is not influenced by the presence of thermal pain illusions, indicating partially different underlying supraspinal, neuronal networks.
Investigation of Change in Sewing Needle Temperature: Part I: Influence of Fabric Types and Sewing Parameters
Authors: Jayakumari M. , Rajalakshmi M. , Priyalatha S. , Kapoor Vibha , Sampath M. B. , Suganth G. , Prakash C.
Published: May 2022

In modern industrial sewing, the further rise in sewing speed to increase production is mainly influenced by the extent of needle heat generated. The increased needle heat leads to damage to the sewing thread and fabric and a loss in productivity. Hence, the change in sewing needle temperature under various fabric types and sewing conditions is investigated for better understanding. An objective method to assess the generation of needle heat by utilizing a thermal camera is attempted, and the effects of change in needle heat by varying the parameters are assessed. The results from the thermal camera are statistically analyzed. The superimposed seam with a greater number of layers and high needle tension produced high needle heat, whereas poly-poly core spun sewing thread, 100 % polyester fabric, and a high stitch density contribute to the next level of needle heat generation. This investigation considered all the possible influencing parameters objectively and helps in maintaining reduced needle heat for a chosen fabric type and sewing conditions to improve the productivity with increased sewing speed.
The impact of game-based student response system on students’ learning outcomes in narrative writing
Authors: Susanti Yuni Dwi , Wahyuni Sri
Published: May 2022

This paper is based on research aiming to explore and evaluate the effectiveness of a game-based student response system platform, Kahoot, for teaching narrative writing. By using one group pre-test and post-test design, this quantitative research invited the eleventh-grade students of a senior high school in the academic year of 2021/2022, to actively participate in the project. In this case, the researchers administered a pre-test and post-test for measuring the significant difference in students’ scores, before and after the implementation of Kahoot. Based on the paired sample t-test result, the p-value is 0,000. In addition to that, the t-coefficient is greater than the t-table value, which is 18.436 > 1.690. It means that the difference between students’ skills in writing a narrative text before and after the use of Kahoot, is statistically significant. Specifically, Kahoot could enhance students’ writing in terms of organization, ideas development, grammar, mechanics, and writing style. Since the p-value is less than the significant level or 0,000 < 0,05, and the t-coefficient (18.436) is greater than the t-table (1.690), it can be safely concluded that Kahoot could significantly improve students’ writing skills, specifically in writing a narrative text.
Insulin signaling in the heart is impaired by growth hormone: a direct and early event
Authors: Muñoz Marina C , Piazza Verónica G , Burghi Valeria , Giani Jorge F , Martinez Carolina S , Cicconi Nadia S , Muia Nadia V , Fang Yimin , Lavandero Sergio , Sotelo Ana I , Bartke Andrzej , Pennisi Patricia A , Dominici Fernando P , Miquet Johanna G
Published: May 2022

Growth hormone (GH) exerts major actions in cardiac growth and metabolism. Considering the important role of insulin in the heart and the well-established anti-insulin effects of GH, cardiac insulin resistance may play a role in the cardiopathology observed in acromegalic patients. As conditions of prolonged exposure to GH are associated with a concomitant increase of circulating GH, IGF1 and insulin levels, to dissect the direct effects of GH, in this study, we evaluated the activation of insulin signaling in the heart using four different models: (i) transgenic mice overexpressing GH, with chronically elevated GH, IGF1 and insulin circulating levels; (ii) liver IGF1-deficient mice, with chronically elevated GH and insulin but decreased IGF1 circulating levels; (iii) mice treated with GH for a short period of time; (iv) primary culture of rat cardiomyocytes incubated with GH. Despite the differences in the development of cardiomegaly and in the metabolic alterations among the three experimental mouse models analyzed, exposure to GH was consistently associated with a decreased response to acute insulin stimulation in the heart at the receptor level and through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Moreover, a blunted response to insulin stimulation of this signaling pathway was also observed in cultured cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats incubated with GH. Therefore, the key novel finding of this work is that impairment of insulin signaling in the heart is a direct and early event observed as a consequence of exposure to GH, which may play a major role in the development of cardiac pathology.
METHODS FOR MITIGATION OF MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATED BY UNDERGROUND POWER CABLES IN POLYETHYLENE PIPES MADE OF COMPOSITE MAGNETIC MATERIAL
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Kucheriava I.M.
Published: May 2022

The magnetic field of a high-voltage (330 kV) underground single-circuit power cable line, laid in a polyethylene pipe having magnetic properties, with the use of special loose-fill/fill-up soil of different dimensions (bulk) is studied by computer modeling. The pipe and additional soil around and near the cables are made of a composite material with effective magnetic properties and can act as a magnetic shield that reduces the level of the field on the ground. The efficiency of field shielding depending on the height and width of the composite loose-fill/fill-up soil is analyzed. The existence of the optimal not large (in height) fill-up soil for the best mitigation of the magnetic field on the ground directly above the cables, and the influence of the width of the loose-fill/fill-up soils on the shielding efficiency are revealed. The characteristic features of the magnetic field distribution within the considered shielding elements of the cable line depending on the availability or non-availability of composite loose-fill soil and the height of the fill-up soil with effective magnetic properties are presented. The shielding efficiency of underground single-circuit three-phase power cable lines when using the magnetic fill-up soil with a certain small height (volume) is grounded. References 11, figures 4.
DOUBLE-CIRCUIT RESONANT ELECTRIC POWER AMPLIFIER FOR MAGNETIC-PULSE PROCESSING OF METALS
Authors:   Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University, 25, Yaroslava Mydroho, Str., Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61002, Batygin Yu.V. , Shinderuk S.O. ,   Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University, 25, Yaroslava Mydroho, Str., Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61002, Chaplygin E.O. ,   Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University, 25, Yaroslava Mydroho, Str., Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61002, Fendrikov D.V. ,   Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University, 25, Yaroslava Mydroho, Str., Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61002
Published: May 2022

The authors propose and substantiate the functionality of a magnetic-pulse installation consisting of two blocks, the first of which is a resonant double-circuit charger of a capacitive energy storage, and the second block is a discharge circuit with an inductor-tool for performing a given production operation. It is shown that the voltage changes in time according to an exponentially growing harmonic law. It was found that the amplitude of the voltage across the capacitor can be regulated by varying the characteristics of the coupling transformer between the circuits and the characteristics of the circuit of the reactive power conversion unit. Numerical assessments of the characteristics of the charging process showed a high efficiency of voltage formation on the capacitive storage due to resonance phenomena (the transformation ratio is equal to the Q-factor of the circuit ~ 20), which is not comparable with the well-known traditional indicators of induction methods. In terms of phase – the length in time to the maximum charge in the adopted circuit of the active electric power amplifier is set by the inequality - That is, after ~ 30 periods of charging current, the excited voltage reaches a maximum (~ 20 times higher than the source voltage), which will correspond to the end of the transient process and the establishment of a steady state of operation. An example of calculating the characteristics of an elementary resonant base illustrates the effective capabilities of a magnetic-pulse installation, consisting of a resonant charger of a capacitive energy storage and a load in the form of an inductor-tool for flat stamping of metal products. It was found that the square of the ratio of operating frequencies in the load unit and the reactive power amplification unit quantitatively determines the fundamental possibility of resonant amplification of the active electrical energy of a harmonic signal. References 12, figures 5.
USE OF DYNAMIC TARIFICATION FOR OPTIMIZATION MICROGRID TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS IN LOCAL ELECTRICITY MARKETS
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Kyrylenko O.V. , Zhuikov V.Ya. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", 37, Peremohy Ave., Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine, Denysiuk S.P. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", 37, Peremohy Ave., Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine
Published: May 2022

Features of development of electric power industry of Ukraine from the point of view of the formation of the perspective structure of generating capacities of UES of Ukraine and development of renewable energy sources (RES) are characterized. In the analysis of the problem of introduction of RES in the energy system of our country and the use of advanced tariff systems, three levels are identified: the highest level - the UES of Ukraine; middle level – regional energy companies; lower-level - local energy supply systems. It is shown that the study of choosing a strategy for better implementation of dynamic electricity prices, as well as trends in business models for local electricity markets with a combination of physical, communication, information, and business levels are relevant. The peculiarities of Microgrid development as a basic element of the functioning of local electricity markets under the condition of formation of optimal modes of generation and consumption of electricity using dynamic charging, which can provide a significant part of imbalance compensation due to the widespread introduction of RES. The article considers the formation of dynamic prices at the level of local power systems (Microgrid), which have features of both the operation and implementation of business models. The elements of the business model for the local electricity market, which is proposed for the sole owner of all generators and consumers, are analyzed when Microgrid is considered as an independent element of the local market, where a dynamic balance between supply and demand. It is determined that at the level of local energy supply systems charging must be based on dynamic models that will take into account the dynamic nature of generation and regulation of electricity consumption in the system and stimulate appropriate desired actions by the consumer. It is proposed to use the tariff calculation not for the time interval, but for the state, as well as to control the optimal levels of generation and consumption of electricity to use the reference tariff and the formation of reference profiles of generation and consumption of electricity. Modified Frieze reactive power was used to estimate the discrepancy between current and optimal power regimes. References 37, table 1.
INTENSIFICATION OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN INDUCTION CHANNEL FURNACES
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Bondar O.I. , Goryslavets Yu.M. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Zharkin A.F. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine
Published: May 2022

On the basis of the formulated mathematical model the thermal state of a two-phase (two-channel) induction furnace for melting cast iron with channels of standard and new configuration (shape) taking into account thermal convection is investigated. The influence of the phase angle between the voltages supplying the furnace inductors on the overheating of the metal in the channels is determined. Practical recommendations for reducing this overheating are presented, which allows to reduce energy losses, i.e. to increase the efficiency of furnaces and increase their service life. References 10, tables 2, figures 4.
DISCHARGE IN GAS BUBBLES IN WATER AS A SOURCE OF AN INTENSIVE FACTORS’ COMPLEX FOR WATER DISINFECTION: COMPARISON EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING RESULTS
Authors:   National Technical University ", Boiko M.I. ,   Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute",   , st. Kirpicheva, 2, Kharkov, 61002, Ukraine, Makogon A.V. ,   National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", st. Kirpicheva, 2, Kharkov, 61002, Ukraine
Published: May 2022

Computer simulation of the discharge process in an electric circuit, which contains a pulsed electric in gas bubbles in water, has been perf0rmed. The experimental oscillograms of voltage pulses are compared with the results of computer simulation of voltage pulses on the treated water layer. It is shown that the amplitudes of the voltage pulses directly on the layer of disinfected water in the reactor with a discharge in the gas bubbles are less than those measured in experiments using a capacitive voltage divider. Computer simulations have shown that the shape of the voltage on a layer of water differs significantly that at the point where it is measured by capacitive voltage. In addition, we have shown that the presence of long lines in the bit circuit of the plant must be taken into account. Given the presence of long lines in the bit circuit, the simulation results better correspond to experimental results. References 5, figures 7.
Neurodevelopmental Therapy for Cerebral Palsy: A Meta-analysis
Authors: te Velde Anna , Morgan Catherine , Finch-Edmondson Megan , McNamara Lynda , McNamara Maria , Paton Madison Claire Badawy , Stanton Emma , Webb Annabel , Badawi Nadia , Novak Iona
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Bobath therapy, or neurodevelopmental therapy (NDT) is widely practiced despite evidence other interventions are more effective in cerebral palsy (CP). The objective is to determine the efficacy of NDT in children and infants with CP or high risk of CP.

METHODS

Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Medline were searched through March 2021. Randomized controlled trials comparing NDT with any or no intervention were included. Meta-analysis was conducted with standardized mean differences calculated. Quality was assessed by using Cochrane Risk of Bias tool-2 and certainty by using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.

RESULTS

Of 667 records screened, 34 studies (in 35 publications, 1332 participants) met inclusion. Four meta-analyses were conducted assessing motor function. We found no effect between NDT and control (pooled effect size 0.13 [−0.20 to 0.46]), a moderate effect favoring activity-based approaches (0.76 [0.12 to 1.40]) and body function and structures (0.77 [0.19 to 1.35]) over NDT and no effect between higher- and lower-dose NDT (0.32 [−0.11 to 0.75]). A strong recommendation against the use of NDT at any dose was made. Studies were not all Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials-compliant. NDT versus activity-based comparator had considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 80%) reflecting varied measures.

CONCLUSIONS

We found that activity-based and body structure and function interventions are more effective than NDT for improving motor function, NDT is no more effective than control, and higher-dose NDT is not more effective than lower-dose. Deimplementation of NDT in CP is required.
Greenhouse farming as a source of macroplastic and microplastics contamination in agricultural soils: a case study from Southeast-Hungary
Authors: Sa’adu Ibrahim , Farsang Andrea
Published: May 2022

Greenhouse plastic contaminations in agricultural soils were studied to quantify and examine the macroplastic and microplastic contaminants on the soil surface, soil profile, and groundwater under greenhouse farmland. Random sampling was used to select three areas in a greenhouse farm where macroplastic and microplastic data were collected. Four composite samples were collected from shallow (0–20 cm) and deep (20–40 cm) soils for each sampling point, respectively. Three soil profiles were dug, and samples were collected at intervals of 20 cm. Groundwater samples were also collected from the same profiles at a depth of 100 cm. Microplastics were extracted using predigestion of organic matter with 30% H2O2 and density separation with ZnCl2. The total mass of macroplastics in the greenhouse farmland was 6.4 kg ha–1. Polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride were the dominant plastic structures, and the dominant sizes were 1–5 and 0.5–1.0 cm, respectively. Overall, the average abundance of microplastics in the greenhouse soil was 225 ± 61.69 pieces/kg, and the dominant size structure was 2–3 mm. The average microplastic concentrations at depths of 0–20 and 20–40 cm were 300 ± 93 and 150.0 ± 76.3 pieces/kg, respectively. The average microplastic concentration in the groundwater was 2.3 pieces/l, and fibers were the dominant plastic structure. Given that microplastics were found in greenhouse soil, soil profiles, and groundwater, we recommend the careful cleaning and disposal of plastics on greenhouse farmland and further research to shed light on the level of microplastic contamination in the soil profiles and groundwater.
A Paradox of Applied Folk Arts. The Contribution of Cooperative Folk Arts to the Construction of the Notion of the Emblematic Creator
Authors: Ament-Kovács Bence
Published: May 2022

The self-definitions of today's folk artists, as well as the concept(s) of folk art of official umbrella and quality assurance organizations, are rooted in complex, interrelated processes. In my study, I focus on the post-World War II concept of folk art, which is full of contradictions, but, despite all protests, has had an undeniable impact on the folk art of today. The system of applied folk arts paradoxically fostered the prominence of individual creators, in contrast to the communication of its novel cooperatives in the decades after World War II, which emphasized communal work. These creators – often possessing truly authentic folk art knowledge (some having gained their reputation before World War II) but no longer following the peasant way of life – were depicted by the media in rural or bucolic genre situations, thereby heavily aestheticizing the concepts of folk and folk art. At the same time, socialist cultural policy also emphasized their status as artists and creators, making them key figures in the cooperatives' work for decades as lead designers, prompting them to revitalize their local motif stock. At this point, another paradox of the Applied Folk Arts Council's perspective emerges, as the representation of the folk art of emblematic regions can increasingly be seen as the representation of the style of an individual (lead designer or charismatic artist). In my opinion, considering the 19th-century roots of the process, the definition of today's folk artists' products as unique works of art and the profound respect for design skills is rooted in this perspective that focuses on the work of iconic personalities, as I also point out in my case study analyzing Tiszafüred pottery through the work of several generations, a style that was adapted by Sándor Kántor and became known as Karcag pottery.
Nanostructured Ti–13Nb–13Zr for dental implant applications produced by severe plastic deformation
Authors: Klinge Lina , Siemers Carsten , Kluy Lukas , Groche Peter
Published: May 2022

Nanostructured titanium plays an important role in biomedical applications, especially in dentistry, as the nanostructured surface promotes bone cell growth and simultaneously prevents bacterial colonization. Nanostructured microstructures can be obtained through Severe Plastic Deformation processes. In this paper, thermomechanical processing via Equal Channel Angular Swaging for the continuous production of nanocrystalline Ti–13Nb–13Zr (TNZ) is investigated with respect to applications in dental implantology. TNZ is a second-generation β-rich (α + β) medical alloy which can consist of the three phases α- and β-phase as well as αʺ-martensite. The αʺ-martensite has a very low Young’s modulus and a comparably low strength with high ductility allowing metal forming even at low temperatures. By adjusting different phase volume fractions, a wide range of mechanical properties can be realized, especially Young’s modulus between 50 and 90 GPa at a yield strength exceeding 950 MPa making it an ideal material for dental implants and abutments.

Graphical abstract
Strategic Ambiguity in US-Taiwan Relations During the Donald Trump Administration
Authors:   University of Warsaw (Poland), Grzegorzewski Filip
Published: May 2022

Strategic ambiguity, or the deliberate policy of uncertainty as to whether the United States would use force to defend Taiwan against an invasion by the People's Republic of China, has been the centrepiece of US policy towards the Taiwan issue for decades. This paper discusses the factors driving the redefinition of strategic ambiguity and its recalibration throughout Donald Trump's presidency (2017–2021). The fundamental driver of this change was to balance the rising power of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The paper applied offensive realism as a theoretical framework for its analysis. Under President Donald Trump, Washington modified its policy of strategic ambiguity, explicitly framing relations with Taiwan within a broader Indo-Pacific strategy. While the US retained key elements of strategic ambiguity, including the 'One China' policy, it added new features to deploy it offensively against Beijing's growing regional hegemony. The increased dynamism and unpredictability of relations with Taiwan were matched by a welcoming attitude towards strengthening Taiwanese identity and highlighting the systemic differences between communist China and democratic Taiwan. America stepped up arms sales and encouraged Taiwan to build its self-defence capabilities. Washington engaged in countering Chinese attempts to isolate Taiwan internationally and included it in restructuring global supply chains. Although the United States has not formally revised the boundaries of the 'One China' policy, the modification of strategic ambiguity increased Taiwan's prominence in US-China power competition and pushed back the prospect of peaceful unification.
European Security Management at the National Level. A Comparative Analysis of Strategies for the Development of Defence Capability in the United Kingdom and Poland
Authors:   West Pomerania Marshal Office (Poland), Iwancz Joanna , Toszek Bartlomiej H. ,   University of Szczecin (Poland)
Published: May 2022

The article presents the positions of the UK and Polish governments on the importance of European security management as a factor influencing and shaping the defence doctrine in both states. Building on the systemic nature of European security, security management concepts, as defined in UK and Poland’s strategies for developing defence capabilities, have been examined using a system analysis. The assessment of the issue from the perspective of the UK and Polish governments is based on a decision-making analysis, while differences in the approach to European security are demonstrated through a comparative method. The authors have shown that the actual perception of European security as part of the global order is a factor determining the current involvement of the UK Government in the process of security management. However, the Polish government has shown interest in similar actions only to the extent these are convergent with national security.
Forms of the Government Administration’s Impact on the Activities of Local Governments During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland), Rączka Piotr , Serowaniec Maciej ,   Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland)
Published: May 2022

The primary burden of tackling the pandemic COVID-19 lies with the state as the entity responsible for protecting the health and life of its citizens. Hence, it can be argued that the focus of the pandemic-induced changes to the Polish legal order was on administrative law, which not only sets out the principles of the functioning of the State as the executive power but also governs the relations between the government, local government and citizens, which had to be significantly modified during the pandemic. It would be impossible to analyse and discuss all the emergency measures that appeared in Poland’s administrative law due to the threats posed by the pandemic. The subject matter of the present study is the analysis of the legal solutions adopted in the Republic of Poland in the sphere of public law in connection with the spread of the virus and particular provisions shaping relationships between the two basic structural branches of Polish public administration, viz. the government administration and the local-government administration. The following part of this study will accordingly be devoted to the analysis of the legislative solution contained in Article 11h of the COVID-19 Act, establishing a legal framework for issuing binding instructions to, among others, the various bodies of local governments, local-government legal persons and local-government organisational entities without legal personality.
Risks and Benefits of i-Voting in Public Opinion: Evidence from Poland
Authors:   Kazimierz Wielki University (Poland), Kapsa Izabela , Musiał-Karg Magdalena ,   Adam Mickiewicz University (Poland)
Published: May 2022

Apart from benefits, internet voting security is most frequently discussed by opponents and supporters of this form of electoral participation. Although this voting method is not available in Poland, the debate on the implementation of i-voting appears in each election. The COVID-19 pandemic showed a great need to implement additional remote voting methods in the elections, and increasingly more countries are considering the introduction of i-vote in the future. Although there is no plan for the nearest future in Poland, citizens' opinions suggest that this voting procedure would meet many of its users. The paper's main aim is to analyse Poles' opinions about the risks and benefits of internet voting. The results of our own studies are based on a survey among Poles regarding their views on internet voting. The main goal is to verify if Poles more often highlight the benefits than risks of i-voting, and if the opinions about risks and benefits of i-voting differ depending on respondents’ sex, age, education and domicile.
Science, Technology and Society
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Akoev M.
Published: May 2022

This chapter discusses the context and applicability scope of scientometric methods as applied to issues of economic development, statistics of science and research policy. Research evaluation methods and quantitative and qualitative indicators of research productivity are described. Relationship between research discovery and technological development, as well as the life cycle of research and technological outputs are explored. The author deals with dynamics of research personnel and resources allocated for research activities in order to evaluate efficiency of research and development. Delayed availability of measurable artefacts of research and technological output is demonstrated. Tools for implementation of research policy and evaluation of its effectiveness are outlined.
Research Publications as a Means of Analysis and Assessment of Research Activity
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Moskaleva O.
Published: May 2022

The chapter describes methods of evaluation of scholarly journals and research activities ofscientists, organizations and countries based on citation analysis. Peculiarities of research pub-lications in different subject areas are explored, as well as possible approaches to comparativecitation analysis in various research fields. Special attention is paid to altmetrics and to the useof bibliometric indicators for ranking of universities and research institutions.
Profiles, not Metrics
Authors:   Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), Adams Jonathan , McVeigh Marie ,   Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), Pendlebury David ,   Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), Szomszor Martin ,   Institute for Scientific Information (ISI)
Published: May 2022

In this report,we draw attention to the information that is lost whendata about researchers andtheir institutions are squeezed into asimplified metric or league table. We look at four familiartypes of analysis that can obscure real research performance whenmisused and we describefour alternative visualizations that unpack thericher information that lies beneath each headlineindicator and thatsupport sound, responsible research management.
O SISTEMA DE ENSINO AUSTRALIANO: UM OLHAR SOBRE AS DESIGUALDADES EDUCACIONAIS
Authors: SANTOS DANIELLE DE SOUSA , ZAN DIRCE DJANIRA PACHECO E
Published: May 2022

RESUMO: Este artigo apresenta resultados da pesquisa realizada no âmbito de estágio pós-doutoral ocorrido em 2019, que teve como principais objetivos: 1) analisar o modelo de ensino australiano, a partir da recente reforma implementada, considerando o contexto social e político do país; 2) conhecer os mecanismos de funcionamento e as estruturas que dão suporte a esse sistema. A partir das evidências consolidadas em diferentes estudos acadêmicos e do exame dos documentos institucionais, os dados da pesquisa permitiram, dentre outros aspectos, identificar importantes marcações que servem de referência para o entendimento do sistema de ensino da Austrália. Neste texto, especificamente, busca-se identificar como se apresentam as desigualdades no interior do sistema de ensino australiano. Destaca-se, também, o modelo de financiamento que sedimentou o caminho para a lógica privatizante do sistema de ensino australiano. Com base nos dados analisados, evidencia-se que as diferenças de desempenho nas avaliações de larga escala continuam sendo um desafio a ser superado pelas políticas educacionais. Neste cenário, parece evidente que as atuais políticas educacionais australianas, incluindo a atual reforma curricular - fortemente influenciada pelo ideário político neoliberal - não estão conseguindo enfrentar e diminuir as persistentes desigualdades educacionais que marcam o sistema de ensino do país. Justifica-se o interesse pelo sistema da Austrália, dentre outros aspectos, pela forma como ele tem sido incorporado pelas organizações empresariais diretamente envolvidas na formulação e na implementação de políticas educacionais brasileiras, como modelo de sucesso a ser seguido.
LETRAMENTO E FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE: UMA ANÁLISE DA LITERATURA
Authors: SILVA ADRIANE ALVES DA , PAN MIRIAM APARECIDA GRACIANO DE SOUZA
Published: May 2022

RESUMO: Este estudo objetiva revisar as pesquisas brasileiras sobre as práticas de letramento na formação do docente universitário. As buscas foram realizadas na base SciELO e no Portal de Periódicos CAPES, no período de 2013 a 2019, sendo analisados, na íntegra, 20 artigos. Os enunciados foram interpretados à luz da análise dialógica do discurso. Verificaram-se poucos estudos que tratam diretamente da relação entre as práticas de letramentos e a formação do docente do ensino superior. Destaca-se, ainda, o predomínio de orientações técnico procedimentais, visando à melhoria das práticas de leitura e escrita em cursos de licenciatura, principalmente àqueles cuja linguagem é objeto de estudo. A relevância do letramento na formação do docente universitário no Brasil é discutida com base em pesquisas internacionais anteriores. Aponta-se a necessidade de avanços neste campo de discussão, por meio de um olhar interdisciplinar e orientado por uma concepção discursiva da linguagem, que perceba sua centralidade nas práticas formativas do professor universitário das diferentes áreas de atuação.
LITERACY AND PROFESSORS’ PRACTICES: AN ANALYSIS OF LITERATURE
Authors: SILVA ADRIANE ALVES DA , PAN MIRIAM APARECIDA GRACIANO DE SOUZA
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT: This study aims to review Brazilian research on literacy practices for undergraduate professors. We reviewed SciELO and Portal de Periódicos CAPES. From 2013 to 2019, 20 articles were retrieved and fulfilled inclusion criteria. Studies’ main statements were interpreted using a dialogical analysis of the discourse method. Few studies directly addressed the association between literacy practices and undergraduate professional training in Brazilian higher education. Among these studies, there was a predominance of the procedural technical guidance method, which seeks to improve reading and writing practices in undergraduate courses, particularly for human sciences. The relevance of literacy while becoming a higher education professor in Brazil is discussed in light of previous international research. An interdisciplinary approach, guided by a discursive conception of language, may foster improvements for professors’ practices from different areas of knowledge.
REMOTE TEACHING FOR STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS AT FEDERAL INSTITUTES
Authors: BUENO MELINA BRANDT , LEITE GRACILIANA GARCIA , VILARONGA ARLA ARIELA RIOS , MENDES ENICÉIA GONÇALVES
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT: Due to the Covid-19 pandemic and the required social distance measures, face-to-face classes were suspended in early 2020. Considering this scenario, the purpose of this study was to analyze the practices of educational planning for students with Special Education Needs (SEN) at the Federal Institutes of Education, Science, and Technology (Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia - IFs). The exploratory and descriptive approach used in this study, which is in the format of survey research, was carried out with the participation of 156 professors from different campuses of the FIs. Data collection was performed via a questionnaire. The data obtained were systematized, organized, and analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively into thematic categories, following the instrument variables. The results showed that teachers sought different alternatives in remote education, such as: collaborative planning; adoption of different procedures in specific planning; prediction of changes in pedagogical practices; use of didactic material and adapted assessments, etc. The adopted technologies and the virtual environment were considered in both positive and challenging aspects. It is concluded that the demand to meet the educational needs of these students in remote education requires the redesign of pedagogical processes, with different actions, which will vary depending on each institute. However, there was a lack of guidelines to develop the individualized teaching plan, as well as greater articulation collaboration with special education teachers, which can impact the quality of teaching and learning of students with SEN. It is suggested that further research should be carried out, seeking to further deepen and evaluate the remote teaching experiences during the pandemic.