bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cross sectional study of acute myocardial infarction in young individuals below 40 years and associated risk factors in Mandya institute of medical sciences, Mandya, Karnataka
Authors: . Chandregowda , K. Mahesh , Unnikrishnan Anagha
Published: March 2021

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a potentially life‑threatening condition which is more common in elderly people, and young are relatively protected. Its incidence in young Indians is about 12-16%. Currently, the protective effect on young from coronary artery disease (CAD) is taken away by several risk factors. The aim of this study is to determine the conventional and new emerging risk factors like hyperhomocysteinemia and lipoprotein a (Lp [a]) which are suggested to play an important role in myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: This study was a hospital‑based retrospective cross‑sectional analytical study involving 61 patients aged ≤40years presented with signs and symptoms of ACS confirmed by ECG changes and cardiac enzyme levels admitted in the cardiac ICU from April 2019 to March 2020.Results: Although ACS is a less common entity in young adults aged ≤40 years, smoking was the most common cause of the MI (75%) in young adults. Homocysteine and Lp (a) should be measured in young MI patients. Smoking cessation and prevention of diabetes and hypertension (HTN) should be encouraged.Conclusions: Smoking was the most common cause of the MI (75%) in young adults and is the major modifiable risk factor for MI in very young patients which needs strict prevention. Young patients with CAD were mainly males. There is a need for early detection of a risk factor to prevent the progression of ACS,
Lisinopril as a prophylactic agent for migraine: a randomised double blind placebo controlled cross over prospective study in Kashmir
Authors: Wani Irfan Yousuf , Saleem Sheikh , Mehraj Iqra
Published: March 2021

Background: Migraine is one of the commonest neurological disorder seen by neurologists. Many different medications are available to be used as prophylactic agent. We conducted this study to determine the efficacy of Lisinopril as a prophylactic drug for migraine in our region.Methods: Our study is a randomised double blind, placebo controlled, cross over, prospective study. 60 patients were included in this study. Treatment period of 12 weeks with one 10 mg lisinopril tablet once daily for one week then two 10 mg lisinopril tablets once daily for 11 weeks, followed by a two week wash out period. Second treatment period of one placebo tablet once daily for one week and then two placebo tablets for 11 weeks. Thirty participants followed this schedule, and 30 received placebo followed by lisinopril. Primary end points were number of hours with headache, number of days with headache, number of days with migraine.Results: Statistical analysis of data from 41 patients that completed this study revealed that hours with headache, days with headache, days with migraine, and headache severity index were significantly reduced by 16%, 16% , 23% and 17% , respectively, with lisinopril as compared to placebo.Conclusions: This study favours lisinopril as an effective prophylactic drug for migraine. The adverse effects of lisinopril, though of significant frequency, have been mild to moderate in severity but were well tolerated by even normotensive subjects.
Cryptoccal meningitis in non-HIV, non-organ transplant diabetic patients
Authors: Biradar Sneha , Teli Balakrishna
Published: March 2021

Cryptococcosis is an important opportunistic fungal infection and also cause of death due to central nervous system disease among patients with human immunodeficiency virus worldwide. Most of the cases occur in immunocompromised patients like HIV infected people, people with organ transplants and on immunosuppressants. Nowdays there is increase in cases of cryptoccal meningitis among diabetic patients. Current case series includes cryptococcal meningitis among diabetic patients after ruling out of other immunocompromised states.
Idelalisib induced drug toxicity presenting as drug induced pneumonitis: a case report
Authors: Verma Sameer , Pandya Dhwani , Khanijo Sameer , Esposito Michael , Talwar Arunabh
Published: March 2021

Idelalisib is a novel treatment option for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A rare, but, fatal complication of using Idelalsib is drug induced pneumonitis. This article presents a case of Idelalsib induced pneumonitis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia along with a brief discussion of management plan.
Rhabdomyolysis: an unusual complication following diclofenac and amitraz consumption
Authors: Krishnaswamy Priyadharshini , . Deepali , R. Madhumati R. , Mohanty Manisha , S. Vishal
Published: March 2021

Amitraz is a pesticide with central alpha 2 agonistic action and diclofenac is a non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Rhabdomyolysis is not commonly associated with either compound consumption. We report the case of a 28-year-old male who after presenting to us following 25ml of amitraz consumption, developed diffuse myalgia, muscle tenderness, cola coloured urine with oliguric acute renal failure which was followed by altered sensorium. Further probing revealed that he had also consumed 10 tablets of unknown dose of tablet diclofenac along with the amitraz. Rhabdomyolysis was suspected which was confirmed by an elevated creatinine phosphokinase. He was hydrated with IV fluids, given bicarbonate and N-acetylcysteine and in view of deteriorating renal function underwent 6 sessions of hemodialysis. Following the same, sensorium improved, urine output normalised, renal function improved and creatinine phosphokinase levels showed a decreasing trend indicating a reduction of the rhabdomyolysis. In poisoning cases it is often difficult to reliably confirm the drug consumed at the time of presentation. Therefore, like in our case, in addition to initial supportive measures, a periodic review of history, examination, regular monitoring of vitals and timely appropriate blood investigations can help confirm the nature of the poison and detect early the possible complications, and thus enable the early initiation of life saving treatment with improved patient outcomes.
Inter-American Development Bank Second Annual Report 1961
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: March 2021

The Second Annual Report contains a review of the Bank's operations in 1961.
LTL-Specification of Counter Machines
Authors: Kuzmin Egor V.
Published: March 2021

The article is written in support of the educational discipline “Non-classical logics”. Within the framework of this discipline, the objects of study are the basic principles and constructive elements, with the help of which the formal construction of various non-classical propositional logics takes place. Despite the abstractness of the theory of non-classical logics, in which the main attention is paid to the strict mathematical formalization of logical reasoning, there are real practical areas of application of theoretical results. In particular, languages of temporal modal logics are widely used for modeling, specification, and verification (correctness analysis) of logic control program systems. This article demonstrates, using the linear temporal logic LTL as an example, how abstract concepts of non-classical logics can be reƒected in practice in the field of information technology and programming. We show the possibility of representing the behavior of a software system in the form of a set of LTL-formulas and using this representation to verify the satisfiability of program system properties through the procedure of proving the validity of logical inferences, expressed in terms of the linear temporal logic LTL. As program systems, for the specification of the behavior of which the LTL logic will be applied, Minsky counter machines are considered. Minsky counter machines are one of the ways to formalize the intuitive concept of an algorithm. They have the same computing power as Turing machines. A counter machine has the form of a computer program written in a high-level language, since it contains variables called counters, and conditional and unconditional jump operators that allow to build loop constructions. It is known that any algorithm (hypothetically) can be implemented in the form of a Minsky three-counter machine.
On Characteristics of Symbolic Execution in the Problem of Assessing the Quality of Obfuscating Transformations
Authors: Borisov Petr D. , Kosolapov Yury V.
Published: March 2021

Obfuscation is used to protect programs from analysis and reverse engineering. There are theoretically effective and resistant obfuscation methods, but most of them are not implemented in practice yet. The main reasons are large overhead for the execution of obfuscated code and the limitation of application only to a specific class of programs. On the other hand, a large number of obfuscation methods have been developed that are applied in practice. The existing approaches to the assessment of such obfuscation methods are based mainly on the static characteristics of programs. Therefore, the comprehensive (taking into account the dynamic characteristics of programs) justification of their effectiveness and resistance is a relevant task. It seems that such a justification can be made using machine learning methods, based on feature vectors that describe both static and dynamic characteristics of programs. In this paper, it is proposed to build such a vector on the basis of characteristics of two compared programs: the original and obfuscated, original and deobfuscated, obfuscated and deobfuscated. In order to obtain the dynamic characteristics of the program, a scheme based on a symbolic execution is constructed and presented in this paper. The choice of the symbolic execution is justified by the fact that such characteristics can describe the difficulty of comprehension of the program in dynamic analysis. The paper proposes two implementations of the scheme: extended and simplified. The extended scheme is closer to the process of analyzing a program by an analyst, since it includes the steps of disassembly and translation into intermediate code, while in the simplified scheme these steps are excluded. In order to identify the characteristics of symbolic execution that are suitable for assessing the effectiveness and resistance of obfuscation based on machine learning methods, experiments with the developed schemes were carried out. Based on the obtained results, a set of suitable characteristics is determined.
Backtracking Algorithms for Constructing the Hamiltonian Decomposition of a 4-regular Multigraph
Authors: Korostil Alexander V. , Nikolaev Andrei V.
Published: March 2021

We consider a Hamiltonian decomposition problem of partitioning a regular graph into edge-disjoint Hamiltonian cycles. It is known that verifying vertex non-adjacency in the 1-skeleton of the symmetric and asymmetric traveling salesperson polytopes is an NP-complete problem. On the other hand, a suffcient condition for two vertices to be non-adjacent can be formulated as a combinatorial problem of finding a Hamiltonian decomposition of a 4-regular multigraph. We present two backtracking algorithms for verifying vertex non-adjacency in the 1-skeleton of the traveling salesperson polytope and constructing a Hamiltonian decomposition: an algorithm based on a simple path extension and an algorithm based on the chain edge fixing procedure. Based on the results of the computational experiments for undirected multigraphs, both backtracking algorithms lost to the known heuristic general variable neighborhood search algorithm. However, for directed multigraphs, the algorithm based on chain fixing of edges showed comparable results with heuristics on instances with existing solutions, and better results on instances of the problem where the Hamiltonian decomposition does not exist.
The exact synchronization timing between the cleavage embryo stage and duration of progesterone therapy-improved pregnancy rates in frozen embryo transfer cycles: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Omidi Marjan , Halvaei Iman , Akyash Fatemeh , Ali Khalili Mohammad , Agha-Rahimi Azam , Heydari Leila
Published: March 2021

Background: Synchronization between the embryonic stage and the uterine endometrial lining is important in the outcomes of the vitrified-warmed embryo transfer (ET) cycles.
Objective: The aim was to investigate the effect of the exact synchronization between the cleavage stage of embryos and the duration of progesterone administration on the improvement of clinical outcomes in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles.
Materials and Methods: 312 FET cycles were categorized into two groups: (A) day- 3 ET after three days of progesterone administration (n = 177) and (B) day-2 or -4 ET after three days of progesterone administration (n = 135). Group B was further divided into two subgroups: B1: day-2 ET cycles, that the stage of embryos were less than the administrated progesterone and B2: day-4 ET cycles, that the stage of embryos were more than the administrated progesterone. The clinical outcome measures were compared between the groups.
Results: The pregnancy outcomes between groups A and B showed a significant differences in the chemical (40.1% vs 27.4%; p = 0.010) and clinical pregnancies (32.8% vs 22.2%; p = 0.040), respectively. The rate of miscarriage tended to be higher and live birth rate tended to be lower in group B than in group A. Also, significantly higher rates were noted in chemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and live birth in group A when compared with subgroup B2.
Conclusion: Higher rates of pregnancy and live birth were achieved in day-3 ET after three days of progesterone administration in FET cycles.
Key words: Endometrium, Embryo transfer, Pregnancy, Live birth, Progesterone.
The effect of regular resistance exercise, vitamin D, and calcium supplements on the gastrocnemius muscle in rats in the post-menopausal period: An experimental study
Authors: Zahra Hosseini Sisi Seyedeh , Ali Azarbayjani Mohammad , Vafaeenasab Mohammadreza , Peeri Maghsoud , Dehghani Mohammadreza
Published: March 2021

Background: Menopause is the natural termination of menstruation which affects the quality and important aspects of women’s life.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of regular resistance training (Ex) with vitamin D (Vit. D) and calcium (Ca) supplements in the postmenopausal period on muscle tissue in rats.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 72 female Wistar rats (8-10-wk old) were randomly divided into control, placebo, Vit. D, Ca, Ex, Ca + Vit. D, Ex + Ca, Ex + Vit. D, and Ex + Ca + Vit. D groups. Control and placebo groups were fed with a standard diet and sesame oil, respectively. Two months after the ovariectomy, Ex, Ca (35 mg/kg), and Vit. D (10000 IU) were administered in all groups except the control. The number of muscle and inflammatory cells, fiber diameter, endomysium thickness, and degenerative collagen fiber area were assessed through hematoxylin-eosin staining.
Results: Muscle cell number was increased in the Ex + Vit. D + Ca, Vit. D + Ex, and Vit. D groups compared to the control group; also, inflammatory cell number showed significant increase in the Ex + Vit. D + Ca (12 ± 5.46), Vit. D + Ex (14 ± 3.25), Ex (13 ± 4.08), Vit. D (11 ± 3.26), Ca + Vit. D (10 ± 1.01), and Ca + Ex (9 ± 2.87) groups. Muscle fiber diameter in the Ex + Vit. D + Ca and Vit. D + Ex groups was higher than the other groups. Endomysium thickness was significantly decreased in the Ex + Vit. D + Ca and Vit. D + Ex groups compared to the control and placebo groups (p < 0.001). Degenerative collagen fiber area showed a significant increase in the Ex + Vit. D + Ca and Vit. D + Ex groups (p ≤ 0.001) comparison with the control group.
Conclusion: Regular resistance exercise, Vit. D, and Ca supplements can improve muscle morphological features in the postmenopausal period.
Key words: Menopause, Muscle, Vitamin D, Calcium, Exercise.
Serum free testosterone level in coronary artery disease in candidates for coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mali Shahriar , Irani Kurosh , Mohammad Mohammadi Seyed , Sarebanhassanabadi Mohammadtaghi
Published: March 2021

Background: Due to the controversy over the effect of serum testosterone levels on coronary artery diseases, this survey explores the serum levels of free testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone in candidates for coronary artery bypass graft compared with an age-matched control group and evaluates the associated factors in these participants.
Objective: To determine the testosterone level in elective coronary artery bypass grafting participants.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all male patients aged > 40 yr as candidates for elective coronary artery bypass grafting, who were referred to the Afshar Hospital, Yazd, Iran, from March 2018 to March 2019, were included. In total, 100 men were enrolled (50 cases and 50 controls). Their serum levels of free and total testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone were measured and the results were compared.
Results: The findings indicated a significant difference between the two groups in total and free testosterone (both p < 0.001); they were lower in the case group. There was also a significant difference in the total testosterone of the participants with diabetes mellitus compared with no-diabetic individuals (p = 0.007). Free testosterone of diabetic subjects taking insulin was lower compared with those taking no insulin (p = 0.04). There was also an association between the body mass index and free testosterone, left ventricular ejection fraction and total testosterone, and a significant and negative relation between the duration of hospital admissions and free testosterone (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: This study illustrates that participants with coronary artery disease bear a significantly low testosterone level in comparison with the healthy control group.
Key words: Coronary artery disease, Testosterone, Coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Testament as a Source of Researching Urban Literacy in the Volynia Region of the 17th Century
Authors: Bilous Natalia
Published: March 2021

Ukrainian historiography has not properly determined the problems of Volynian cities’ secretariats and development of burghers’ literacy in particular. The goal of the article is to research some aspects of these problems by the means of testaments; specifically, to highlight the role of city secretaries in the process of writing down citizens’ testaments and facts that testify about development of urban literacy in cities of Volynia of the 17th century.The municipal registry record analysis implies that executing posthumous inventories, settlement deeds, and especially testaments influenced the development of pragmatic urban literacy. Among the analyzed group of testators, several people wrote down their testaments by themselves. Then city clerks had no option but to accept prepared documents post factum for saving records in town council registers, which in some extent is evidence of the literacy culture development in the Volynian cities in the early modern times. However, the predominant majority of testators were illiterate and in order to approve their act of last will, they signed it with a criss-cross (“X”); the conclusion of the act required specialized assistance from municipal clerks.At those times, testaments were normally written down in the house of a dying person in the presence of municipal officers who provided the document according to an appropriate form and legal validity, and eye-witnesses; or it could be written down at the city hall before the court. City secretaries had a significant role in this procedure, but their level of proficiency was not always appropriate.As in the majority of Central-East European cities of that time, in Volynian cities substantial amounts of acts of last will were given by verbal directions and were not recorded in municipal registers. This fact explains such a small amount of saved documents in comparison with Western European cities. They were not set aside into a separate register series as in bigger crown cities, but the acts were recorded into the current municipal registers in response to citizens’ demand.
ANÍBAL QUIJANO, RETROCESSO SOCIAL E CRISE: a condição periférica e as mazelas do tempo presente
Authors: Carvalho Rayann Kettuly Massahud de
Published: March 2021

Este artigo pretende realizar uma análise sobre a relação entre a condição periférica latino-americana e o presente momento de retrocesso social vivenciado na região. Isto é, busca compreender o que há de específico na América Latina, enquanto periferia do sistema-mundo, que possibilita o avanço do autoritarismo e a redução de direitos. Para isso, utiliza a obra do teórico descolonial Aníbal Quijano para investigar as especificidades da democracia e dos Estados modernos latinoamericanos. É possível concluir, então, que referidas mazelas presentes na região estão correlacionadas tanto com a localização geopolítica quanto com o papel desempenhado pelas elites nacionais.Palavras-chave: América-Latina. Giro-decolonial. Colonialidade. Retrocesso social. Crise.ANÍBAL QUIJANO, SOCIAL REGRESSION AND CRISIS: the peripheral condition and the ailments of the present timeAbstractThis article intends to carry out an analysis of the relationship between the Latin American peripheral condition and the present moment of social regression experienced in the region. That is, it seeks to understand what is specific inLatin America, as the periphery of the world-system, which makes it possible to advance authoritarianism and reduce rights. For that, it uses the work of decolonial theorist Aníbal Quijano to investigate the specificities of democracy and modern Latin American states. It is possible to conclude, then, that these ailments present in the region are correlated both with the geopolitical location and the role played by national elites.Keywords: Latin America. Decolonial turn. Coloniality. Social regression. Crisis.
PLURALISMO JURÍDICO COMO ALTERNATIVA EPISTEMOLÓGICA PARA A CULTURA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS DESDE O CONTEXTO LATINO-AMERICANO
Authors: Spinieli André Luiz Pereira
Published: March 2021

O debate sobre o pluralismo jurídico no contexto político e social latino-americano não é recente, de modo que suas percepções foram renovadas a partir do movimento neoconstitucionalista operado no continente, responsável por desencadear alternativas epistêmicas para se pensar a efetividade dos direitos humanos e dos direitos de cidadania, tudo a partir da lógica de emancipação social e descolonialidade, como possibilidade de rompimento com o constitucionalismo tradicional, de cunho conservador, hegemônico e colonialista. Em termos gerais, como uma das respostas à concepção juspositivista, o pluralismo jurídico surge como modelo de pensamento para a práxis dos direitos humanos, em face de uma sociedade na qual impera a lógica das exclusões concretas em contrariedade às inclusões abstratas. Dessa forma, tomando por base a abordagem bibliográfica, este trabalho propõe oferecer reflexões a respeito do atual estado da cultura de direitos humanos instalada na América Latina, com enfoque nas contribuições epistemológicas advindas da teoria críticados direitos humanos e do pluralismo jurídico wolkmeriano.Palavras-chave: Pluralismo jurídico. Direitos humanos. Cultura constitucional. América Latina. Teoria crítica dos direitos humanos.LEGAL PLURALISM AS AN EPISTEMOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVE FOR THE CULTURE OF HUMAN RIGHTS SINCE THE LATIN AMERICAN CONTEXTAbstractThe debate on legal pluralism in the Latin American political and social context is not recent, so that their perceptions were renewed from the neo-constitutionalist movement operated on the continent, responsible for triggering epistemic alternatives to think about the effectiveness of human rights and human rights of citizenship, all based on the logic of social emancipation and decoloniality, as a possibility of breaking with traditional constitutionalism, of a conservative, hegemonic and colonialist nature. In general terms, as one of the answers to the juspositivist conception, legal pluralism emerges as a model of thoughtfor the practice of human rights, in the face of a society in which the logic of concrete exclusions prevails in opposition to abstract inclusions. Thus, based on the bibliographic approach, this work proposes to offer reflections on the current state of human rights culture in Latin America, focusing on the epistemological contributions arising from the critical theory of human rights and legal Wolkmer’s pluralism.Keywords: Legal Pluralism. Human rights. Constitutional culture. Latin America. Critical theory of human rights.
POPULISMO E AUTONOMIA RELATIVA DO ESTADO
Authors: Pinheiro Jair , Paraizo Maria Angélica
Published: March 2021

Este artigo visa examinar as principais acepções do conceito de populismo encontradas na literatura para, ao final, propor uma acepção alternativa segundo a qual o populismo constitui um efeito típico da estrutura do Estado capitalista. Faz uma análise que possui um caráter teórico e, por meio de uma apreciação materialista da bibliografia corrente sobre o populismo, busca demonstrar a maneira de interpretar esse fenômeno político como específico da estrutura jurídico-política das formações sociais capitalistas e, com isso, apontar os limites das abordagens que tomam por referência a oposição democracia institucionalizada ou não institucionalizada ou insuficientemente institucionalizada.Palavras-chave: Populismo. Bonapartismo. Autonomia relativa do Estado. Estado capitalista. Democracia.POPULISM AND RELATIVE STATE AUTONOMYAbstractThis article aims to examine the most important meanings of populism concept that one finds in the bibliography and, finally, to propose an alternative grasp according to which populism constitutes a typical and structural effect of the capitalist state. This analysis has a theoretical character and, through a materialistic appreciation of the current bibliography on populism,proposals to expose how this political phenomenon is specific to the legal-political structure of capitalist social formations. For it, points out the limits of the approaches taking the opposition institutionalized democracy or not or uncouthly institutionalized.Keywords: Populism. Bonapartism. Relative autonomy of State. Capitalist state. Democracy.
RELAÇÕES RACIAIS, DEPENDÊNCIA E SUPEREXPLORAÇÃO DA FORÇA DE TRABALHO BRASILEIRA
Authors: Lacerda Mizzaely
Published: March 2021

Este artigo trata das relações raciais no Brasil em sua relação com a dependência brasileira aos países capitalistas mais desenvolvidos e a superexploração da força de trabalho. Para tanto, realiza uma revisão bibliográfica, utilizando autores que versam sobre as particularidades da formação social brasileira, bem como as contribuições de Ruy Mauro Marini sobre a Teoria Marxista da Dependência (TMD). Utiliza, ainda, alguns dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) sobre a condição de vida e trabalho de negros e pardos na cena contemporânea. Conclui que a categoria superexploração da força de trabalho, como fundamento da dependência das economias periféricas, é um caminho de análise para conhecer e propor alternativas emancipatórias à situação do trabalhador brasileiro da atualidade que vivencia desigualdades de ordem econômica, social e racial.Palavras-chave: Relações raciais. Dependência. Superexploração da força de trabalho.RACIAL RELATIONS, DEPENDENCE AND OVEREXPLOITATION OF THE BRAZILIAN LABOR FORCEAbstractThis article deals with race relations in Brazil in relation to Brazilian dependence on more developed capitalist countries and the overexploitation of the workforce. To this end, it is performed a bibliographic review, using authors who deal with the particularities of Brazilian social formation, as well as Ruy Mauro Marini's contributions about the Marxist Theory of Dependence (TMD). It is also used some data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) about the condition of life and work of blacks and browns in the contemporary scene. Concludes that, the category of overexploitation of the workforce, as the basis for the dependence of peripheral economies, is a path of analysis to know and propose emancipatory alternatives to the situation of Brazilian workers today who experience economic, social and racial inequalities.Keywords: Race relations. Dependence. Overexploitation of the workforce.
A PASSIVIDADE ESTRATEGICAMENTE CONSTRUÍDA: o consenso contemporâneo a partir de categorias gramscianas.
Authors: Bezerra Josinete de Carvalho
Published: March 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a expansão da dominação capitalista e avanço do conservadorismo em busca de hegemonia exercida por meio da construção de passividade, via implementação de políticas sociais focalizadas ecompensatórias para atender as exigências das classes subalternas por meio de consenso e do estabelecimento de estratégias de contenção da luta de classes. Nesse sentido, os procedimentos teóricos utilizados foram a análisebibliográfica das categorias gramscianas expostas nos cadernos do cárcere. O artigo aponta, ainda, elementos que merecem aprofundamento para estabelecimento de uma urgente reforma intelectual e moral das massas como expressão de resistência, tendo em vista a expansão da dominação burguesa com consensos que dissipam a construção de um projeto alternativo para os trabalhadores, com retrocesso de conhecimento, e, principalmente, de lutas.Palavras-chave: Passividade. Lutas de classes. Hegemonia. Consenso.THE STRATEGICALLY CONSTRUCTED PASSIVITY: the contemporary consensus from Gramscian categoriesAbstractThe objective of this article is to analyze the expansion of capitalist domination and the advance of conservatism in search of hegemony exercised through the construction of passivity, through the implementation of social policies focused and compensatory to meet the demands of the subaltern classes, through consensus and establishment strategies of contention of the class struggle. In this sense, the theoretical procedures used were the bibliographical analysis of the Gramscian categories exposed in the notebooks of the jail. It points out elements that merit deepening to establish an urgent intellectual and moral reform of the masses as an expression of resistance, in view of the expansion of bourgeois domination with consensuses that dissipate the construction of an alternative project for the workers. With retreat of knowledge, and, mainly, of fights.Keywords: Passivity. Class struggles. Hegemony. Consensus.
MORADIA NO SÉCULO XXI: ativo financeiro ou direito social?
Authors: Almeida Sávio Silva de , Araújo Cristina Pereira de
Published: March 2021

O presente ensaio tem como objetivo analisar o aprofundamento da mercantilização do direito à moradia, sob a hegemonia neoliberal. A metodologia empregada envolve uma extensa revisão de literatura com vistas a contribuir com os estudos sobre a urbanização, movimentos sociais urbanos, direito à cidade e à moradia digna. Na primeira seção, o texto trata do processo de urbanização sob o capitalismo. Na segunda seção, aborda as lutas promovidas no âmbito jurídico pelos movimentos sociais brasileiros que construíram a moradia como um direito humano social. Na terceira seção, apresentauma reflexão sobre a financeirização da moradia. Conclui que o aprofundamento da financeirização da moradia representa o novo paradigma da urbanização capitalista a ser superado pelos movimentos sociais, para que o Estado possa atuar no sentido de garantir a moradia como um direito social.Palavras-chave: Urbanização. Direito à moradia. Neoliberalismo.HOUSING IN THE 21th CENTURY? Financial asset or social right?AbstractThe present essay aims to analyze the deepening of the commodification of the right to housing, under neoliberal hegemony. The methodology involves an extensive literature review that approach the proposed theme intending to contribute to studies on urbanization, urban social movements, right to the city and right to housing. In the first section, the text seeks to reflect on the process of urbanization under capitalism. In the second, brings to reflect on the struggles promoted in the legal sphere by the Brazilian social movements that built housing as a social human right. In the third, the text presents a reflection on the financialization of housing. It concludes that the deepening of the financialization of housing represents the new paradigm of capitalist urbanization to be overcome by social movements, so that the State can act in the sense of guaranteeing housing as a social right.Keywords: Urbanization. Right to housing. Neoliberalism.
POLÍTICA SOCIAL E DESENVOLVIMENTO DA PRIMEIRA INFÂNCIA: mapeando condições no Espírito Santo, 2012 a 2017
Authors: Borges Rodrigo Emmanuel Santana , Garcia Maria Lúcia Teixeira , Borrego Arelys Esquenazi , Stocco Aline Faé , Lang Aline Elisa Maretto
Published: March 2021

O artigo aborda a primeira infância no estado do Espírito Santo, identificando, entre 2012 e 2017, avanços e retrocessos nas políticas de educação, assistência e saúde dessa área. Para tanto, criou um banco de dados municipal a partir demicrodados majoritariamente censitários dos Ministérios da Saúde e da Educação, assim como da Secretaria Especial do Desenvolvimento Social. A partir desses dados, ligados a crianças de 0 a 6 anos, faz uma análise das variáveis como taxa de cobertura escolar, cobertura do Programa Bolsa Família, indicadores de mortalidade infantil e materna, fecundidade e atenção à gestante. A base compilada disponível permite a elaboração de estudos regionais desagregados e no tempo. Por serem dados completos da população, a análise panorâmica pode ser baseada em uma análise de estatística descritiva.Comprova, assim, avanço no atendimento à primeira infância, em paralelo à vigência continuada de disparidades regionais importantes.Palavras-chave: Política social. Primeira infância. Espírito Santo, Brasil.SOCIAL POLICY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT: Mapping conditions in Espírito Santo, Brazil from 2012 to 2017AbstractThe paper carries out a mapping of the public conditions of early childhood care in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, for the period between 2012 and 2017. To this end, it created a municipal database using mostly census microdata from the Ministries of Health and Education, as well as the Special Secretariat for Social Development. Based on these data, linked to children from 0 to 6 years old, it makes an analysis of variables such as school coverage rate, coverage of the Bolsa Família Program, indicators of infant and maternal mortality, fertility and attention to pregnant women. The available compiled base allows for the development of regional, disaggregated and time studies. As they are complete population data, the panoramic analysis can be based on a descriptive statistical analysis. Thus, it proves progress in early childhood care, in parallel withthe continued existence of important regional disparities.Keywords: Social Policy. Early Childhood Development. Brazil. Espírito Santo.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS EDUCACIONAIS E A DEMOCRATIZAÇÃO DO SABER: Licenciatura em Estudos Africanos e Afro-Brasileiros da UFMA
Authors: Carvalho Marcelo Pagliosa , Abreu Tanielle Cristina dos Anjos
Published: March 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as políticas públicas educacionais desenvolvidas pelo governo federal brasileiro para a inclusão das Histórias e Culturas Africanas e Afro-Brasileiras, no período 2003-2019. A Licenciatura Interdisciplinar em Estudos Africanos e Afro-Brasileiros, inaugurada pela Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), em 2015, é perscrutadaenquanto uma possibilidade de ação afirmativa que colabora para a implementação da Lei nº 10.639/2003 e para a democratização do saber. A legislação federal que afirmou a obrigatoriedade de os currículos inserirem essas Histórias e Culturas e os documentos da Licenciatura são as fontes de informações principais.Palavras-chave: Políticas públicas educacionais. Histórias e culturas africanas e afro-brasileiras. Estudos africanos. Educação e relações étnico-raciais.EDUCACIONAL PUBLIC POLICIES AND THE DEMOCRATIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE: Degree in African Studies and Afro-Brazilian of UFMAAbstractThis article aims to analyze the educational public policies developed by the Brazilian federal government for the inclusion of African and Afro - Brazilian Histories and Cultures in the period 2003-2019. The Interdisciplinary Degree in African and AfroBrazilian Studies, inaugurated by the Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA) in 2015, is examined as a possibility of affirmative action that contributes to the democratization of knowledge. Federal legislation that mandated curricula to enter such Stories and Cultures, such as Law No. 10,639 / 2003 and its correlates, and the Licensure documents are the primarysources of information.Keywords: Educational public policies. African and afro-brazilians stories and cultures. African studies. Education and ethnic-racial relations.
OS ‘GRANDES PROJETOS’ E O PROCESSO DE URBANIZAÇÃO DA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA: consequências sociais e transformações territoriais
Authors: Fenzl Norbet , Sombra Daniel , Canto Otávio do , Farias André , Nascimento Fernanda
Published: March 2021

THE ‘BIG PROJETCS’ AND THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON URBANIZATION PROCESS: social consequences and territorial transformationsLOS ‘GRANDES PROYECTOS’ Y EL PROCESO DE URBANIZACIÓN DE LA AMAZONÍA BRASILEÑA: consecuencias sociales y transformaciones territorialesRESUMOEste artigo apresenta uma síntese da relação entre os “Grandes Projetos” e o processo de urbanização da Amazônia brasileira e aponta para as consequências sociais e territoriais decorrentes. A pesquisa pretende analisar (i) a origem e o desenvolvimento das grandes contradições e conflitos socioeconômicos que caracterizam as cidades amazônicas, e (ii) o resultado das mudanças impostas na organização do espaço geográfico, baseada no padrão de uso da terra, que satisfaz principalmente os interesses dos grandes empreendimentos do agrobusiness da pecuária e da mineração.Palavras-chave: Urbanização; Amazônia Brasileira; Conflitos Sociais; Ocupação Territorial.ABSTRACTThis paper presents a synthesis regarding of relationship between the “Big Projects” and the urbanization process in the Brazilian Amazon and points to the resulting social and territorial consequences. The research intends to analyze (i) the origin and development of the contradictions and social conflicts that characterize the Amazonian cities and (ii) the result of the changes imposed on the territorial organization, based on the land use pattern, which mainly satisfies the interests of the large enterprises linked to agribusiness, livestock and mining.Keywords: Urbanization; Brazilian Amazon; Social Conflicts; Territorial Occupation.RESUMENEste artículo presenta una síntesis de la relación entre los “Grandes Proyectos” y el proceso de urbanización en la Amazonía brasileña y señala las consecuencias sociales y territoriales resultantes. La investigación pretende analizar (i) el origen y el desarrollo de las grandes contradicciones y conflictos socioeconómicos que caracterizan a las ciudades amazónicas, y (ii) el resultado de los cambios impuestos en la organización del espacio geográfico, en función del patrón de uso del suelo, que satisface principalmente Los intereses de las grandes empresas en el sector agropecuario y minero.Palabras clave: Urbanización; Amazonia Brasileña; Conflictos Sociales; Ocupación Territorial.
O REISADO: paisagem, imagens, rotinas visuais e suporte sígnico
Authors: Moraes Antonio Jarbas Barros de , Freitas Nilson Almino de
Published: March 2021

THE “REISADO”: landscape, images, visual routines and sign supportLA FOLÍA DE REYES: imágenes, rutinas visuales y apoyo sígnicoRESUMONeste artigo, as experiências de pesquisa que aconteceram nas festas de reis de Caraúbas, no município de Graça/CE, em 2016 e 2017 são ponto de partida para nossas reflexões. Abordamos algumas facetas do reisado, mais especificamente discorremos sobre o ritual, os significados geográficos do corpo, por meio de fotografias, e como este interfere na paisagem. A imagem surge como recurso de leitura junto à escrita. Por meio dela, incentivamos uma liberdade criativa para interpretar o corpo, permitindo ao leitor ver e ler as performances dos brincantes de reisado no contexto da paisagem. Diante disso, observamos como as pessoas, personagens e acompanhantes, ao participarem da festa, produzem práticas corporais com sentidos geográficos na paisagem.Palavras-chave: Fotografia; Festa de Reis; Cultura; Paisagem.ABSTRACTIn this article, the research experiences that took place in the festivals of kings of Caraúbas, in the municipality of Graça/CE, in 2016 and 2017, are starting point for our reflections. We approach some facets of the epiphany, more specifically we talk about the ritual, the performances of the body through photographs and how this interferes with the landscape. The image appears as a reading feature next to the writing. Through it, we encourage a creative freedom to interpret the body, allowing the reader to see and read the performances of epiphany players in the context of the landscape. In the face of this, we observe how people, characters and companions, when attending the parties, reproduce body practices with geographical meaning in the landscape.Keywords: Photography; Festivals of Kings; Culture; Landscape.RESUMENEn este artículo, las experiencias de investigaciones en las fiestas de los reyes de Caraúbas, en el municipio de Graça/CE, en 2016 y 2017 son puntos de partida para nuestras reflexiones. Planteamos algunas facetas de la folía de Reyes, más especificamente discurrimos a respecto del ritual, los significados geográficos del cuerpo, por medio de fotografías, y como este interfiere en el paisaje. La imagen surge como recurso de lectura junto a la escrita. Por medio de ellla, incentivamos, una libertad creativa para interpretar el cuerpo, permitiendo al lector ver y leer las actuaciones de los jugadores de la folía de Reyes en el contexto del paisaje. Delante de esto, observamos como las personas, los personajes y los acompañantes, al participaren de la festividad, producen prácticas corporales con sentidos geográficos en el paisaje.Palabras clave: Fotografía; Fiesta de Reyes; Cultura; Paisaje.
Morphological, Structural and Functional Properties of Starches from Different Legume Resources
Authors: Chen X.Y. , Ma X.W. , Wen J.Y. , Liu X.C. , Yu X.R. , Xiong F.
Published: March 2021

Background: Legume is well known for its high nutrition and health care values. Considering that starch is the main carbohydrate in legume, its properties directly affect the development and utilization of legume resources. Methods: Starches were extracted from the seeds and root tubers of five legumes. The morphological, structural and functional properties of the starches were investigated and compared using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Result: The granules of kudzu, broad bean and pigeon pea starches were kidney-shaped with a large size, while groundnut and white pea starches were small granules with a mixture of irregularly polyhedral and spherical shape. The five legume starches had different apparent amylose contents and exhibited remarkably different crystalline properties. Among the samples, the relative crystallinity of kudzu starch was the highest, while pigeon pea starch had the highest short-range ordered degree. The swelling power and water solubility of the five legume starches were also varied. Furthermore, white pea starch is more susceptible to acid and enzymatic hydrolysis than the four other starches. The results are important for the processing and utilization of legume starches and can provide reference for the development of legume-based functional food.
MOLECULAR DETECTION OF PROTEIN ENCODING GENES Virb11 ON BRUCELLA ABORTUS LOCAL ISOLATES ORIGIN OF PINRANG, NTT AND VACCINE STRAINS
Authors: Maze Maria Gladis Bupu , Handijatno Didik , Tyasningsih Wiwik , Suwarno Suwarno , Estoepangestie Agnes Theresia Soelih , Ernawati Rahaju
Published: March 2021

Brucellosis in cattle is a disease caused by Brucella abortus due to the reduction in livestock population caused by abortion, stillbirth, weak birth, infertility and sterility. Brucella abortus has several potential virulence factors, i.e. virB11 gene that encodes VirB11 protein is an important virulence factor acts as an ATPase for assembling organelles when the bacteria replicate, helping to complete the bacterial cycle and agress to another cells. The aim of this study are to re-identification Brucella abortus and detect virB11 gene as encoding of B. abortus VirB11 protein in local isolates from Pinrang, NTT, strain vaccines S19 and RB51. The isolates Brucella abortus were re-cultured in Brucella agar base and re-identification is followed by microscopic with Gram staining and biochemical tested with urease, citrat, indol and TSIA test. virB11gene was detected with PCR method. The PCR result showed virB11 gene have DNA band 720 bp. virB11 gene are present in local isolates from Pinrang, NTT, strain vaccines S19 and RB51.
AKSENTUASI PRODUKSI BERSIH PADA AGROINDUSTRI KOPI ARABIKA MAJU MAPAN DI KABUPATEN JEMBER MENGGUNAKAN METODE AHP
Authors: Novita Elida , Azizah Siti Nur , Purbasari Dian
Published: March 2021

Panti District is the second-largest coffee plantation in Jember Regency, with an area of 160.71 𝑘𝑚2 or 4.88% of the total area of Jember Regency with an average height of 50-1,340 meters above sea level. With this average height, one of the coffee plants planted was Arabica coffee. Based on the number of existing coffee plantations, the processing of wet coffee produced a lot of liquid and solid waste. Coffee fruit waste in the form of flesh physical composition reached 48%, consisted of 42% fruit skin and 6% seed skin. The utilization of coffee waste is still not optimal. One effort to reduce coffee waste was by applying cleaner production. The method used to determine this priority of production application at Maju Mapan Coffee Agroindustry is AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method, technical feasibility, and financial feasibility analysis. From mass balance analysis, the results showed that from 1 ton of red coffee berry and 3146.63 liters of water as production input produced 40% of coffee beans, 38.4% solid waste, and 2946 liters of wastewater. The wastewater characteristics exceeded the threshold standard of wastewater quality stipulated by the Decree of the Governor of East Java Number 45 of 2002. On the other side, solid waste most unsettled the surrounding community because every day, it created a foul odor and invited many insects. Clean production priority in Maju Mapan Agroindustry using AHP, technical feasibility, and financial feasibility analysis obtained are manufacturing the cascara tea, compost block, and animal feed. AHP analysis results using the application of expert choice assessment in an alternative hierarchy of the ten experts showed that making cascara tea was chosen as the main priority in the utilization of waste from Arabica coffee processing in Maju Mapan Agroindustry.

Keywords: AHP, arabica coffee, cascara tea, cleaner production, coffee waste