bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depicting current case management models
Authors: Mas-Expósito Laia , Amador-Campos Juan Antonio , Gómez-Benito Juana , Lalucat-Jo Lluís
Published: March 2013

Case management (CM) is one of the principal components of service delivery in mental health services. Over time, it has evolved into new models, and various meta-analytic studies have been carried out to establish its effects. Those studies have yielded non-homogeneous results, which might be related in part to the progress of case management models. Therefore, there is a need to understand the relationship between CM models and CM effects. This paper deals with this issue by reviewing and updating the literature regarding case management models and effects in order to help understand its current role and suggest how CM could be reorganized.

Findings

Assertive community treatment and any other case management model seem to have fused and turned into two models that differ mainly with regard to the intensity of care provided to patients. The results of the meta-analyses on the efficacy/effectiveness of case management are not homogeneous across all studies, which seems to be related to the case management model used and the strictness of the methodology followed. When the model of case management used is congruent with clinical practice, the results favor case management over standard care and show that intensive and non-intensive case management may be provided depending on the previous use of hospital resources.

Application

The argument suggests that case management models could be reconfigured by offering an intensive form of care based on patients’ needs.
Powerful parent educators and powerless parents: The ‘empowerment paradox’ in parent education
Authors: Lam Ching-Man , Kwong Wai-Man
Published: March 2013

In an action research project to develop an empowering mode of parent education in Hong Kong, premised on an empowerment discourse and a social constructionist epistemology, a pilot design was developed through a series of four “reflective seminars”. These seminars engaged parents and professionals in a process of participatory inquiry, three parent groups with Chinese parents, followed by two focused group interviews and six individual interviews to tap participants’ narratives of their learning experience.

Findings

Although parent empowerment has been widely advocated in parenting work, the authority of expert knowledge as perceived by participants and the power imbalance between parent educators and parents posed a new “empowerment paradox”. In our attempt to practice a new empowering mode of parent education for local parents was developed. Addressing this “empowerment paradox” requires a paradigm shift from the education model to an approach based on reflexive practice.

Applications

Parent educators need to be sensitive to social, cultural, discursive and institutional forces in order to negotiate a power relation that is characterized by collaboration and partnership but is also responsive to parents’ pedagogical expectation in the Chinese cultural context.
Critical Appraisal of Mixed Methods Studies
Authors: Heyvaert Mieke , Hannes Karin , Maes Bea , Onghena Patrick
Published: March 2013

In several subdomains of the social, behavioral, health, and human sciences, research questions are increasingly answered through mixed methods studies, combining qualitative and quantitative evidence and research elements. Accordingly, the importance of including those primary mixed methods research articles in systematic reviews grows. It is generally known that the critical appraisal of articles is an essential step in the development of a methodologically sound review. This article provides an overview of the available critical appraisal frameworks developed to evaluate primary mixed methods research articles. In addition, we critically compare and evaluate these frameworks and the quality criteria they include.
Best Practices in Diversity Management in Customer Service Organizations
Authors: Madera Juan M.
Published: March 2013

An analysis of diversity management programs used by fourteen companies cited for diversity found a suite of practices used by nearly all of them. Using a benchmarking assessment, this study analyzed the diversity management programs from a sample of hospitality and customer service organizations that were named by Diversity Inc. to be top companies for diversity. The analysis of the organizations’ specific practices revealed the following seven complementary and highly related categories of diversity management practice: corporate diversity council, diversity training programs, supplier diversity, employee networking and mentoring, cultural awareness, support for women, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender network programs and same-sex benefits. The result of these policies is a highly diverse workforce and relatively diverse management in the sample firms.
Nightwatch
Authors: Cheezum Rebecca R. , Parker Edith A. , Sampson Natalie R. , Lewis Toby C. , O’Toole Ashley , Patton Jean , Robins Thomas G. , Keirns Carla C.
Published: March 2013

Caregiving for ill loved ones can affect sleep quality and quantity. Insufficient sleep has been associated with worse physical and mental health outcomes, and it is known to affect work performance and ability to accomplish necessary tasks. While some research has looked at the sleep of caregivers of loved ones with chronic illness and found that they experience poorer sleep, little is known about the impact of caring for a child with asthma on the caregiver’s sleep and the ways in which their sleep may be affected. Community Action Against Asthma, a community-based participatory research partnership, conducted interviews with semistructured and open-ended questions with 40 caregivers of children with asthma who live in Detroit. Findings showed that caregivers regularly experience poor quality sleep because of sleeping lightly in order to listen for the child’s symptoms, wake multiple times to check on the child because of worry, and provide care for child when he or she experiences symptoms in the middle of the night. Results of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale indicate that 12.5% of caregivers received a score of 16 or more, the score on the scale used to indicate likely presence of a sleep disorder, and 42.5% had a score of 10 or more, indicating excessive sleepiness. Sleep disturbance in caregivers is an underrecognized consequence of childhood asthma, with implications for providers caring for children with asthma.
Transcriptome analysis of the bloodstream stage from the parasite Trypanosoma vivax
Authors: Greif Gonzalo , Ponce de Leon Miguel , Lamolle Guillermo , Rodriguez Matías , Piñeyro Dolores , Tavares-Marques Lucinda M , Reyna-Bello Armando , Robello Carlos , Alvarez-Valin Fernando
Published: March 2013

Background

Trypanosoma vivax is the earliest branching African trypanosome. This crucial phylogenetic position makes T. vivax a fascinating model to tackle fundamental questions concerning the origin and evolution of several features that characterize African trypanosomes, such as the Variant Surface Glycoproteins (VSGs) upon which antibody clearing and antigenic variation are based. Other features like gene content and trans-splicing patterns are worth analyzing in this species for comparative purposes.

Results

We present a RNA-seq analysis of the bloodstream stage of T. vivax from data obtained using two complementary sequencing technologies (454 Titanium and Illumina).

Assembly of 454 reads yielded 13385 contigs corresponding to proteins coding genes (7800 of which were identified). These sequences, their annotation and other features are available through an online database presented herein. Among these sequences, about 1000 were found to be species specific and 50 exclusive of the T. vivax strain analyzed here. Expression patterns and levels were determined for VSGs and the remaining genes. Interestingly, VSG expression level, although being high, is considerably lower than in Trypanosoma brucei. Indeed, the comparison of surface protein composition between both African trypanosomes (as inferred from RNA-seq data), shows that they are substantially different, being VSG absolutely predominant in T. brucei, while in T. vivax it represents only about 55%. This raises the question concerning the protective role of VSGs in T. vivax, hence their ancestral role in immune evasion.

It was also found that around 600 genes have their unique (or main) trans-splice site very close (sometimes immediately before) the start codon. Gene Ontology analysis shows that this group is enriched in proteins related to the translation machinery (e.g. ribosomal proteins, elongation factors).

Conclusions

This is the first RNA-seq data study in trypanosomes outside the model species T. brucei, hence it provides the possibility to conduct comparisons that allow drawing evolutionary and functional inferences. This analysis also provides several insights on the expression patterns and levels of protein coding sequences (such as VSG gene expression), trans-splicing, codon patterns and regulatory mechanisms. An online T. vivax RNA-seq database described herein could be a useful tool for parasitologists working with trypanosomes.
Molecular analysis of non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio choleraeisolated from hospitalised patients in China
Authors: Luo Yun , Ye Julian , Jin Dazhi , Ding Gangqiang , Zhang Zheng , Mei Lingling , Octavia Sophie , Lan Ruiting
Published: March 2013

Background

Cholera is still a significant public health issue in developing countries. The aetiological agent is Vibrio cholerae and only two serogroups, O1 and O139, are known to cause pandemic or epidemic cholera. In contrast, non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae has only been reported to cause sporadic cholera-like illness and localised outbreaks. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae isolates from hospitalised diarrhoeal patients in Zhejiang Province, China.

Results

In an active surveillance of enteric pathogens in hospitalised diarrhoeal patients, nine non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae isolates were identified from 746 diarrhoeal stool samples at a rate of 1.2%. These isolates and an additional 31 isolates from sporadic cases and three outbreaks were analysed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). PFGE divided the isolates into 25 PFGE types while MLST divided them into 15 sequence types (STs). A single ST, ST80, was predominant which persisted over several years in different cities and caused two outbreaks in recent years. Antibiotic resistance varied with the majority of the isolates resistant to sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim and nearly all isolates either resistant or intermediate to erythromycin and rifampicin. None of the isolates carried the cholera toxin genes or toxin co-regulated pilus genes but the majority carried a type III secretion system as the key virulence factor.

Conclusions

Non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae is an important contributor to diarrhoeal infections in China. Resistance to commonly used antibiotics limits treatment options. Continuous surveillance of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae is important for control and prevention of diarrhoeal infections.
Appraising the need for care in alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Schiffczyk Claudia , Romero Barbara , Jonas Christina , Lahmeyer Constanze , Müller Friedemann , Riepe Matthias W
Published: March 2013

Background

Increasing incidences of dementia necessitate the improvement of supportive measures for patients suffering from this disease and their proxies. Clinicians without psychiatric backgrounds and others involved in appraising the supportive needs of dementia patients, such as those who allocate nursing insurance, base their appraisals on the ability of patients to perform basic and instrumental activities of daily living (B-ADL, iADL). Our aim was to investigate whether a reduced ability of the patient to perform ADL is sufficient to adequately assess the supportive needs of family caregivers.

Methods

Cross-sectional baseline data were obtained from dementia patients and their proxies in the context of a nationwide prospective cohort study on non-pharmacological treatment of dementia. To our knowledge, the present study is the first country-wide study to assess patients and proxies in their domestic surroundings (e.g. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) Behave-AD, B-ADL and iADL for patients; Quality of Life (QOL) and depression of the proxy).

Results

Logistic and linear regression analysis show that the allocation of nursing care allowance provided by German mandatory nursing insurance is associated with scores on the B-ADL- and iADL scales, but not with the severity of behavioural symptoms or the supportive time the proxies spend on caring. However, the severity of cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms of dementia patients, correlate with each other and both parameters correlate with the time the proxy spends on caring. The time spent on caring is associated with an increase in depression and a reduction in the quality of life of the proxy.

Conclusions

Basic and instrumental activities of daily living do not sufficiently reflect the perceived burden of care experienced by the proxy who has to cope with the imposition of the dementia patients’ behavioural symptoms. When allocating nursing care, patients’ behavioural symptoms should also be taken into consideration, because depressive symptoms of proxies are linked to non-cognitive symptoms in dementia patients. To provide better health care, it is necessary to identify and treat psychiatric symptoms in proxies who care for dementia patients as early as possible.
Growth factor receptor-Src-mediated suppression of GRK6 dysregulates CXCR4 signaling and promotes medulloblastoma migration
Authors: Yuan Liangping , Zhang Hongying , Liu Jingbo , Rubin Joshua B , Cho Yoon-Jae , Shu Hui Kuo , Schniederjan Matthew , MacDonald Tobey J
Published: March 2013

Background

Metastasis in medulloblastoma (MB) is associated with poor survival. Recent genetic studies revealed MB to comprise distinct molecular subgroups, including the sonic hedgehog (SHH) subgroup that exhibits a relatively high rate of progression. To identify targeted therapeutics against metastasis, a better understanding of the regulation of MB cell migration is needed. G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) have been implicated in cancer metastasis through their regulation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) involved in growth factor (GF)-mediated cell migration. However, the specific roles and regulation of GRKs in MB have not been investigated.

Methods

Microarray mRNA analysis was performed for GRKs, GPCRs, and GFs in 29 human MB, and real time RT-PCR was used to detect GRK6 expression in MB cells. Lenti- or retro-virus infection, and siRNA or shRNA transfection, of MB cells was used to overexpress and knockdown target genes, respectively. Western blot was used to confirm altered expression of proteins. The effect of altered target protein on cell migration was determined by Boyden chamber assay and xCELLigence migration assays.

Results

We observed co-overexpression ofPDGFRA,CXCR4, andCXCL12in the SHH MB subtype compared to non-SHH MB (5, 7, and 5-fold higher, respectively).GRK6, which typically acts as a negative regulator of CXCR4 signaling, is downregulated in MB, relative to other GRKs, while the percentage ofGRK6expression is lower in MB tumors with metastasis (22%), compared to those without metastasis (43%). In SHH-responsive MB cells, functional blockade of PDGFR abolished CXCR4-mediated signaling.shPDGFRtransfected MB cells demonstrated increased GRK6 expression, while PDGF or 10% FBS treatment of native MB cells reduced the stability of GRK6 by inducing its proteosomal degradation. Overexpression or downregulation of Src, a key mediator of GF receptor/PDGFR signaling, similarly inhibited or induced GRK6 expression, respectively. siRNA downregulation ofGRK6enhanced CXCR4 signaling and promoted MB migration, while lentiviral-GRK6overexpression suppressed CXCR4 signaling, potentiated the effect of AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, and impaired migration.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism of GF receptor/PDGFR-Src-mediated dysregulation of CXCR4 signaling that promotes MB cell migration, which could potentially be exploited for therapeutic targeting in SHH MB.
Use of extended curettage with osteotomy and fenestration followed by reconstruction with conservation of muscle insertion in the treatment of Enneking stage II locally aggressive bone tumor of the proximal extremities: resection and treatment of bone tumors
Authors: Chen Feiyan , Xia Jun , Wang Siqun , Wei Yibing , Wu Jianguo , Huang Gangyong , Chen Jie , Shi Jingsheng
Published: March 2013

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of extended resection with osteotomy, fenestration and conservation of muscle (tendon) insertion in the treatment of bone tumors.

Methods

A total of 15 patients with locally aggressive bone tumors (Enneking stage II) in the adjacent muscle (tendon) insertion of the proximal extremity were enrolled in the present study (mean age of 29 years). Extended curettage of lesions with osteotomy, fenestration and/or conservation of muscle (tendon) insertion and internal fixation with a bone graft or bone cement was performed at stage I. Postsurgical brace protection was used for 4 to 12 weeks and the patients were periodically followed-up by X-ray and functional assessment. Recurrence, postsurgical Enneking score and outcome rating were assessed.

Results

Treated cases included 15 patients aged 29 ±7.75 years (range, 18 to 42) with a male to female ratio of 8:7. Six had a femoral tumor and nine had a humeral tumor. These tumors comprised three chondroblastomas, five giant-cell tumors and seven aneurysmal bone cysts. Follow-up for 48 ±12.95 months (range, 25 to 72) revealed that 13 of 15 (87%) patients exhibited no recurrence. Local recurrence was observed in a patient with an aneurysmal bone cyst (nine months) and one with a giant-cell tumor (12 months). Mean Enneking scores were 27 ±4.07 (range, 18 to 29). Except for the patient with the recurrent giant-cell tumor, all patients reported good (13%, 2 out of 15) or very good (80%, 12 out of 15) outcomes. Very good outcomes were reported in 92% of patients (12 out of 13) without recurrence.

Conclusions

The procedures used in this study achieved high clinical efficacy, complete lesion removal, reduced recurrence and good restoration of joint function in patients with primary locally aggressive Enneking stage II bone tumors of the proximal extremities.
Outcome of repeat surgery for genital prolapse using prolift-mesh
Authors: A Yakasai Ibrahim , Bappa Lawal A , Paterson Andrew
Published: March 2013

Introduction

Urogenital prolapse can have a significant impact on quality of life. The life time risk of requiring surgery for urogenital prolapse is 11%. Prolift mesh has recently been introduced to reduce repeat operation rate and for long-term benefit.

Objective

To evaluate the outcome of the treatment of urogenital prolapse with synthetic mesh.

Methods

A retrospective review of case notes of all women who underwent prolift mesh insertion for prolapse between July 2004 and June 2005, at Royal Alexandra Hospital Paisley UK. We looked at the presenting complaints, previous operation, intraoperative complications and complications at six weeks and six months follow-up.

Results

Twenty-two procedures were carried out in the twelve months period. Age of the patients ranged from 55 to 82 years (median 64 yrs). Eleven had anterior Prolift (50%), Seven had posterior Prolift 31.8% and four total Prolift 18%. There were no intraoperative complications. All the patients had previous surgery for prolapse. Eight patients had anterior repair, six patients had posterior repair, and three patients had abdominal hysterectomy. Vaginal hysterectomy was carried out with mesh insertion as a concomitant procedure in seven cases (31.25%). All patients were seen at six weeks and six months after the surgery. Complications rate included mesh erosion one patient and suture material protruding in the vagina one patient, one patient had failed prolift operation. All the twenty-one patients were cured giving 95.4% success rate.

Conclusion

The use of prolene mesh in pelvic reconstructive surgery was associated with good outcome and minimal complications in this study.
Protocol TOP-Study (tacrolimus organ perfusion): a prospective randomized multicenter trial to reduce ischemia reperfusion injury in transplantation of marginal liver grafts with an ex vivotacrolimus perfusion
Authors: Pratschke Sebastian , Eder Michael , Heise Michael , Nadalin Silvio , Pascher Andreas , Schemmer Peter , Scherer Marcus N , Ulrich Frank , Wolters Heiner , Jauch Karl-Walter , Wöhling Dirk , Angele Martin K
Published: March 2013

Background

Critical organ shortage results in the utilization of extended donor criteria (EDC) liver grafts. These marginal liver grafts are prone to increased ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) which may contribute to deteriorated graft function and survival. Experimental data have shown that the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus exerts protective effects on hepatic IRI when applied intravenously or directly as a hepatic rinse. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to examine the effects of an ex vivo tacrolimus perfusion on IRI in transplantation of EDC liver grafts.

Methods/Design

The TOP-Study (tacrolimus organ perfusion) is a randomized multicenter trial comparing the ex vivo tacrolimus perfusion of marginal liver grafts with placebo. We hypothesize that a tacrolimus rinse reduces IRI, potentially improving organ survival following transplantation of EDC livers. The study includes livers with two or more EDC, according to Eurotransplant International Foundation’s definition of EDC livers. Prior to implantation, livers randomized to the treatment group are rinsed with tacrolimus at a concentration of 20 ng/ml in 1000 ml Custodiol solution and in the placebo group with Custodiol alone. The primary endpoint is the maximum serum alanine transamninase (ALT) level within the first 48 hours after surgery; however, the study design also includes a 1-year observation period following transplantation. The TOP-Study is an investigator-initiated trial sponsored by the University of Munich Hospital. Seven other German transplant centers are participating (Berlin, Frankfurt, Heidelberg, Mainz, Münster, Regensburg, Tübingen) and aim to include a total of 86 patients.

Discussion

Tacrolimus organ perfusion represents a promising strategy to reduce hepatic IRI following the transplantation of marginal liver grafts. This treatment may help to improve the function of EDC grafts and therefore safely expand the donor pool in light of critical organ shortage.

Trial register

EudraCT number: 2010-021333-31, ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:
NCT01564095
Improvement in Generic Problem-Solving Abilities of Students by Use of Tutor-less Problem-Based Learning in a Large Classroom Setting
Authors: Klegeris Andis , Bahniwal Manpreet , Hurren Heather
Published: March 2013

Problem-based learning (PBL) was originally introduced in medical education programs as a form of small-group learning, but its use has now spread to large undergraduate classrooms in various other disciplines. Introduction of new teaching techniques, including PBL-based methods, needs to be justified by demonstrating the benefits of such techniques over classical teaching styles. Previously, we demonstrated that introduction of tutor-less PBL in a large third-year biochemistry undergraduate class increased student satisfaction and attendance. The current study assessed the generic problem-solving abilities of students from the same class at the beginning and end of the term, and compared student scores with similar data obtained in three classes not using PBL. Two generic problem-solving tests of equal difficulty were administered such that students took different tests at the beginning and the end of the term. Blinded marking showed a statistically significant 13% increase in the test scores of the biochemistry students exposed to PBL, while no trend toward significant change in scores was observed in any of the control groups not using PBL. Our study is among the first to demonstrate that use of tutor-less PBL in a large classroom leads to statistically significant improvement in generic problem-solving skills of students.
Implementing Recommendations for Introductory Biology by Writing a New Textbook
Authors: Barsoum Mark J. , Sellers Patrick J. , Campbell A. Malcolm , Heyer Laurie J. , Paradise Christopher J.
Published: March 2013

We redesigned the undergraduate introductory biology course by writing a new textbook (Integrating Concepts in Biology [ICB]) that follows first principles of learning. Our approach emphasizes primary data interpretation and the utility of mathematics in biology, while de-emphasizing memorization. This redesign divides biology into five big ideas (information, evolution, cells, emergent properties, homeostasis), addressing each at five levels of organization (molecules, cells, organisms, populations, ecological systems). We compared our course outcomes with two sections that used a traditional textbook and were taught by different instructors. On data interpretation assessments administered periodically during the semester, our students performed better than students in the traditional sections (p = 0.046) and exhibited greater improvement over the course of the semester (p = 0.015). On factual content assessments, our students performed similarly to students in the other sections (p = 0.737). Pre- and postsemester assessment of disciplinary perceptions and self-appraisal indicate that our students acquired a more accurate perception of biology as a discipline and may have developed a more realistic evaluation of their scientific abilities than did the control students (p < 0.05). We conclude that ICB improves critical thinking, metacognition, and disciplinary perceptions without compromising content knowledge in introductory biology.
Results of a Multicenter Prospective Study on the Postoperative Treatment of Unilateral Retinoblastoma After Primary Enucleation
Authors: Aerts Isabelle , Sastre-Garau Xavier , Savignoni Alexia , Lumbroso-Le Rouic Livia , Thebaud-Leculée Estelle , Frappaz Didier , Coze Carole , Thomas Caroline , Gauthier-Villars Marion , Lévy-Gabriel Christine , Brisse Hervé J. , Desjardins Laurence , Doz François
Published: March 2013

Purpose

The objective of this prospective study was to assess overall survival and event-free survival in patients with intraocular unilateral retinoblastoma (Reese-Ellsworth group V) treated by primary enucleation with or without adjuvant therapy depending on histopathologic risk factors.

Patients and Methods

Patients (n = 123) were divided into three groups on the basis of risk factors for extraocular relapse and metastasis assessed on centralized histologic examination of enucleated eyes. Group 1 (n = 70) had minimal or no choroidal involvement and/or prelaminar or no optic nerve involvement and received no adjuvant therapy. Group 2 (n = 52) had massive choroidal involvement and/or intra- or retrolaminar optic nerve involvement and/or anterior segment involvement and received four courses of adjuvant chemotherapy. Group 3 (n = 1) had invasion of the surgical margin of the optic nerve and/or microscopic extrascleral involvement and received six courses of adjuvant chemotherapy with intrathecal thiotepa, consolidation chemotherapy, and autologous stem-cell rescue. Genetic testing was also performed.

Results

Median follow-up for the 123 patients was 71 months. No disease progression, relapse, or distant metastasis occurred during follow-up. No second malignancies occurred. This requires confirmation with longer follow-up. Secondary bilateralization occurred in two patients with identified RB1 germline mutation. Adjuvant chemotherapy was well tolerated, with limited toxicity. Molecular testing found constitutional RB1 gene mutations in only nine of 100 evaluated patients.

Conclusion

The survival rate of 100% was excellent, including 57% of patients who received no adjuvant therapy, suggesting that chemotherapy could be de-escalated in some patients, especially those with massive choroidal involvement.
Efficient Photopolymerization of Diphenylamine Based on Ground-state Charge-transfer Complex
Authors: Koyama Fumi , Kawai Tsuyoshi
Published: March 2013

UV light irradiation of a mixture of diphenylamine (DPA) and carbon tetrabromide (CTB) induces rapid photopolymerization, affording π-conjugated polymers composed of diphenylamine and carbazole units. LDI-TOF mass spectra of the product indicate that the longer polymer chains have higher conversion ratios to carbazole. Rapid photopattern formation with the conjugated polymer is also demonstrated.
The Role of Risk Preferences in Pay-to-Bid Auctions
Authors: Platt Brennan C. , Price Joseph , Tappen Henry
Published: March 2013

We analyze a new auction format in which bidders pay a fee each time they increase the auction price. Bidding fees are the primary source of revenue for the seller but produce the same expected revenue as standard auctions (assuming risk-neutral bidders). If risk-loving preferences are incorporated in the model, expected revenue increases. Our model predicts a particular distribution of ending prices, which we test against observed auction data. The degree of fit depends on how unobserved parameters are chosen; in particular, a slight preference for risk has the biggest impact in explaining auction behavior, suggesting that pay-to-bid auctions are a mild form of gambling.

This paper was accepted by Peter Wakker, decision analysis.
Anterior abdominal wall ‘peritoneal recess’: cause for pseudoherniation of small bowel resulting in chronic abdominal pain
Authors: Siddique K , Slaven K , Samad A
Published: March 2013

A middle-aged patient presented with intermittent chronic abdominal pain without any obvious cause. Computed tomography detected a hernia (presumed to be the cause of the patient’s symptoms) without any obvious lump on examination. A laparoscopy was performed to repair the hernia. This revealed a left-sided unilateral ‘peritoneal recess’ at the level of the arcuate line extending medial to the linea semilunaris. No extraperitoneal sac or defect was noted in the rectus sheath or in the muscle, nor were any contents present in the recess at the time of the laparoscopy. We believe the bowel was being trapped intermittently in this space, causing the abdominal symptoms.
Single incision laparoscopic adjustable gastric band: technique, feasibility, safety and learning curve
Authors: Osborne AJ , Clancy R , Clark GWB , Wong C
Published: March 2013

Introduction

Single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is established in many procedures but not in bariatric surgery. One explanation may be that SILS is technically demanding in morbidly obese patients. This report describes our technique and experience with single incision laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (SILAGB).

Methods

Prospective data collection was performed on consecutive obese patients who underwent SILAGB between November 2009 and February 2011. A single 3cm transverse incision in the right upper quadrant was used for a Covidien SILS™ multichannel access port. The technique is described with a standard pars flaccida approach and the ‘tips and tricks’ needed for a wide range of candidates using standard laparoscopic equipment.

Results

A total of 29 patients (27 female) with a median body mass index of 41kg/m 2 (range: 35–52kg/m 2 ) and median age of 44 years (range: 22–57 years) underwent SILAGB. There were no ‘conversions’ to a standard laparoscopic technique. Two cases required the addition of one single 5mm port. The only complications were two postoperative wound infections (one with a port site infection requiring replacement of the port) and one faulty band requiring replacement. There were therefore two returns to theatre and no 30-day deaths. All patients were discharged on the first postoperative day. In this series, operative times reduced significantly to be comparable with the conventional laparoscopic approach.

Conclusions

SILAGB is safe and feasible in the morbidly obese. Proficiency in this technique using conventional laparoscopic equipment can be achieved with a short learning curve.
Extraluminal colonic arteriovenous haemangioma: an unusual cause of chronic lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Somasundaram SK , Akritidis G , Alagaratnam S , Luong TV , Ogunbiyi OA
Published: March 2013

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding is a common general surgical presentation in acute and chronic settings. Vascular anomalies account for 2% of such cases and can therefore be missed. We discuss a rare vascular anomaly in one of our patients where the diagnosis was not established for a ten-year period. We describe the subsequent management and a brief review of the literature of this uncommon condition.
Successful carotid endarterectomy in a patient with an aberrant branch from the common carotid artery
Authors: Chan YC , Wong WH , Cheng SW
Published: March 2013

We report a patient who had an 80% asymptomatic stenosis in the distal right common carotid artery with an incidental finding of an aberrant branch arising from the right common carotid artery. He underwent an elective right carotid endarterectomy with an uneventful recovery. This is the first case in the literature of a successful endarterectomy in a patient with a common carotid anomaly and it emphasises the importance of careful dissection for unexpected anatomy.
Volkmann’s contracture of the forearm due to an insect bite: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Hardwicke J , Srivastava S
Published: March 2013

Compartment syndrome affecting the upper limb is reported rarely in the literature and is usually limited to single case reports. Upper limb compartment syndrome secondary to envenomation is rare, especially in the UK. Worldwide, it has been reported resulting from snake and insect bites, mostly from snakes from the Viperidae family, and from insects such as bees and wasps. Reports from the UK are limited to one case of an adder bite.

We present a case of a previously fit and well adult who developed an ischaemic contracture of the forearm after an insect bite. Surgical exploration revealed segmental necrosis and contracture of the superficial and deep flexors of the fingers, requiring fasciotomy and tendon-lengthening procedures. This is the first report of a compartment syndrome, or a late ischaemic contracture from an insect bite in the UK. Owing to the rarity of compartment syndrome of the upper limb secondary to envenomation, a delay in diagnosis and treatment can lead to irreversible changes in the muscular compartments of the forearm.
Endovascular repair of the aortic arch in pigs by improved double-branched stent grafts
Authors: Lin C , Wang L , Lu Q , Li C , Jing Z
Published: March 2013

Introduction

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of total endovascular repair of the aortic arch in pigs using improved integrated double-branched stent grafts.

Methods

Improved self-expandable stent grafts with a main body and two integrated branches were prepared for the repair of the aortic arch in six pigs. The feasibility of using these stent grafts was evaluated with arteriography, computed tomography (CT), computed tomography angiography (CTA) and autopsy three months following the procedure.

Results

The double-branched stent grafts were placed successfully in the aortic arch in all six pigs. All pigs survived for at least three months and their biological behaviour was normal. Arteriography, CTA and animal necropsy revealed good fixation in all cases. Aortic valve function and coronary ostia remained intact, and CT of the head did not detect any lesion of cerebral infarction.

Conclusions

Endovascular repair of the aortic arch with an integrated double-branched stent graft is safe and feasible in animal studies.
Preoperative parathyroid harpoon localisation: a new technique helpful in reoperative patients with persistent hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Gómez-Ramírez J , Tagarro D , Bravo JM , Martín-Pérez E , Larrañaga E
Published: March 2013

Surgery for persistent primary hyperparathyroidism remains a major challenge for surgeons and these reoperative procedures require an experienced parathyroid surgeon. The goal of reoperative surgery is to excise the abnormal parathyroid gland(s) and limit exploration to help minimise the potential complications. At least two positive and concordant localising studies should be available before reoperation because the technical difficulties in these cases make an exact localisation necessary before surgery. We describe the placement of a metallic harpoon under ultrasonography guidance as a safe, simple and inexpensive technique for localisation of the enlarged gland prior to conservative surgery.
Neurofibroma of the bile duct: a rare cause of obstructive jaundice
Authors: De Rosa A , Gomez D , Zaitoun AM , Cameron IC
Published: March 2013

Neurofibromas of the common bile duct are extremely rare. The lack of specific clinical or radiological features makes preoperative diagnosis in the absence of histology difficult. We report the case of a female patient who presented with obstructive jaundice and evidence of a common bile duct stricture on imaging. She underwent an exploratory laparotomy, and intraoperative frozen section confirmed clear margins and a benign lesion. Excision of the extrahepatic bile duct and A Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was performed. We discuss the clinical features and management of neurofibromas of the bile duct in light of the literature.
A novel technique for the treatment of infected metalwork in orthopaedic patients using skin closure over irrigated negative pressure wound therapy dressings
Authors: Norris R , Chapman AWP , Krikler S , Krkovic M
Published: March 2013

Introduction

There has been recent interest in the use of negative pressure wound therapy (NWPT) as an adjunct to parenteral antibiotics in the treatment of infection in orthopaedic patients with metalwork in situ. To address some of the limitations of standard NPWT in this situation, the senior author has developed a modified method of treatment for infected metalwork (excluding arthroplasty) in orthopaedic patients that includes irrigation and skin closure over the standard NPWT dressing.

Methods

This retrospective study examined the outcome of a case series of 16 trauma and orthopaedic patients with deep infection involving metalwork in whom this modified form of NPWT was used. In conjunction with standard parenteral antibiotic therapy and a multidisciplinary approach, this modified technique included serial debridements in theatre, irrigation and negative pressure dressings over a white polyvinyl alcohol foam (KCI, Kidlington, UK) as well as closure of the skin over the foam.

Results

Among the 16 patients, there was a variety of upper and lower limb as well as spinal trauma and elective cases. In all 16 patients, there was successful resolution of the infection with no early or unplanned removal of any metalwork required.

Conclusions

Patients with infected metalwork are a heterogeneous group, and often suffer high morbidity and mortality. The modified NPWT technique shows potential as an adjunct in the treatment of complex orthopaedic patients with infected metalwork.
Women experiencing severe violence in all social groups suffer long-term negative economic consequences
Authors: Trygged Sven , Hedlund Ebba , Kåreholt Ingemar
Published: March 2013

This study examined long-term socio-economic patterns among women aged 18–64 who suffered violence leading to inpatient care. Using data from Swedish national registers for 1992–2005, 6,085 such cases were compared to a random population sample of 55,016 women. Women exposed to violence had less paid work, lower income and a higher risk of claiming means-tested income support. Exposure to violence resulted in long-term negative economic consequences for women with all levels of education. Violence against women is thus related to low income and social exclusion – both as a cause and consequence.
What cost the price of a good send off? The challenges for British state funeral policy
Authors: Foster Liam , Woodthorpe Kate
Published: March 2013

The period immediately after death has often been overlooked in British social policy, particularly in relation to funerals. The challenges presented by projected increases in the death rate owing to the ageing UK population mean that greater attention to state support for funding funerals is required. This article examines issues around current provision of state support for funerals via the Social Fund Funeral Payment, exploring potential failures in the way in which the payment meets people's needs. It concludes that considerable change is needed to state funeral policy to ensure that those from low-income backgrounds can have a ‘good send-off’.
Guided-Inquiry Labs Using Bean Beetles for Teaching the Scientific Method & Experimental Design
Authors: Schlueter Mark A. , D’Costa Allison R.
Published: March 2013

Guided-inquiry lab activities with bean beetles (Callosobruchus maculatus) teach students how to develop hypotheses, design experiments, identify experimental variables, collect and interpret data, and formulate conclusions. These activities provide students with real hands-on experiences and skills that reinforce their understanding of the scientific method and experimental design. This teaching method can easily be adapted to other test organisms or alternative themes.
Surgical Thrombectomy of Two Left Ventricular Thrombi in a Child With Acute Myocarditis
Authors: Dechant Markus-Johann , Siepe Matthias , Stiller Brigitte , Grohmann Jochen
Published: March 2013

Myocarditis is a potentially life-threatening disease. Although ventricular thrombus formation in myocarditis is rare, it carries the risk of serious complications. We report on a 10-year-old previously healthy girl presenting with 2 large left ventricular thrombi in acute lymphocytic acute myocarditis. No coagulation disorder was found. Her clinical course and mobile thrombi characteristics prompted us to carry out an urgent surgical thrombectomy rather than primary anticoagulation therapy. The patient has recovered well without clinical signs of thromboembolism.
Effect of Rotavirus Vaccine on Diarrhea Mortality in Different Socioeconomic Regions of Mexico
Authors: Gastañaduy Paul A. , Sánchez-Uribe Edgar , Esparza-Aguilar Marcelino , Desai Rishi , Parashar Umesh D. , Patel Manish , Richardson Vesta
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE:

In Mexico, declines in childhood diarrhea deaths have been documented during 2008–2010 after rotavirus vaccine introduction in 2007. Because of concerns about variation in rotavirus vaccine efficacy by socioeconomic status, we compared reductions in diarrhea mortality in the lesser developed southern region versus the more developed northern and central regions of Mexico.

METHODS:

We obtained data from national vital statistics on diarrhea deaths among children aged <5 years from 2002 through 2011. We compared region-specific diarrhea mortality before (2003–2006) and after (2009–2011) vaccine introduction. Regional vaccine coverage was estimated from administrative data, and socioeconomic status was assessed by using the Human Development Index.

RESULTS:

In northern, central, and southern Mexico, the 2007 Human Development Index was 0.84, 0.82, and 0.77, respectively, and by 2010 an estimated 99%, 84%, and 89% of children aged <12 months had completed rotavirus vaccination. Diarrhea mortality among children <5 years old declined from 8.3, 17.9, and 28.5 deaths per 100 000 children during 2003–2006 to 4.5, 8.1, and 16.2 in 2009–2011 in northern, central, and southern Mexico, respectively, corresponding to rate reductions of 45%, 55%, and 43%. No significant differences were observed in rate reductions between regions (P > .8).

CONCLUSIONS:

After introduction of rotavirus vaccination, marked and sustained declines in diarrhea deaths were seen among children in all regions of Mexico, including in the least developed southern region with the highest baseline diarrhea mortality. This finding indicates equitable vaccine delivery to children with varying risk of mortality and reaffirms the beneficial effects of rotavirus vaccination against fatal diarrheal disease.
Determination of the atomic stacking sequence of Ge-Sb-Te nanowires by HAADF STEM
Authors: Lazzarini Laura , Rotunno Enzo , Grillo Vincenzo , Longo Massimo
Published: March 2013

The reduction of the active cell size to the nanoscale is crucial for the improvement of the phase change memory devices (PCM) based on Ge-Sb-Te (GST) alloys. The self-assembly of Au catalyzed Ge1Sb2Te4 (GST-124) nanowires (NWs) has been achieved by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The atomic arrangement of the NWs has been investigated and the stacking sequence has been identified, by combining the direct observation by High Angle Annular Dark Field (HAADF) imaging and simulations. It has been assessed that Ge and Sb atoms can randomly occupy the same sites in the crystal lattice, despite the adverse predictions of the theoretical models elaborated for the bulk material.
Influence of Surface Recombination on the Performance of SiNW Solar Cells and the Preparation of a Passivation Film
Authors: Kato Shinya , Watanabe Yuya , Kurokawa Yasuyoshi , Yamada Akira , Ohta Yoshimi , Niwa Yusuke , Hirota Masaki
Published: March 2013

Al2O3 was deposited on silicon nanowire (SiNW) arrays by atomic layer deposition (ALD) as a passivation layer to reduce surface recombination velocity. As a result, effective minority carrier lifetime was improved from 1.82 to 26.2 μs. From this result, the relative low-surface recombination rate of 2.73 cm/s was obtained from a calculation using one-dimensional device simulation (PC1D). The performance of SiNW solar cells was also simulated by considering the surface recombination velocity on the side of SiNWs using two-dimensional device simulation. It was found that Al2O3 deposited by ALD can improve open-circuit voltage of SiNW solar cells even if the structure has a high-aspect ratio and large surface area. Therefore, improvement in the performance of SiNW solar cells can be expected.
Atomistic modeling of Ru nanocluster formation on graphene/Ru(0001): Thermodynamically versus kinetically directed-assembly
Authors: Han Y. , Engstfeld A. K. , Wang C.-Z. , Roelofs L. D. , Behm R. J. , Evans J. W.
Published: March 2013

Atomistic lattice-gas models for thermodynamically and kinetically directed assembly are applied to Ru nanocluster formation on a monolayer of graphene supported on Ru(0001) at 309 K. Nanocluster density, mean size, height distribution, and spatial ordering are analyzed by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. Both models can reproduce the experimental data, but additional density functional theory analysis favors the former.
New n-type Silicide Thermoelectric Material with High Oxidation Resistance
Authors: Funahashi Ryoji , Matsumura Yoko , Takeuchi Tomonari , Tanaka Hideaki , Norimatsu Wataru , Combe Emmanuel , Suzuki Ryosuke O. , Wan Chunlei , Wang Yifeng , Kusunoki Michiko , Koumoto Kunihito
Published: March 2013

In order to achieve waste heat recovery using thermoelectric systems, thermoelectric materials showing high conversion efficiency over wide temperature range and high resistance against oxidation are indispensable. A silicide material with good n-type thermoelectric properties and oxidation resistance has been discovered. The composition and crystal structure of the silicide are found out Mn3Si4Al2 (abbreviated as 342 phase) and hexagonal CrSi2 structure, respectively. Element substitution of Mn with 3d transition metals is succeeded. Enhancement of Seebeck coefficient is observed in a Cr-substituted sample. The maximum dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit ZT is 0.3 at 573 K in air for the Mn2.7Cr0.3Si4Al2 sample. Electrical resistivity of the Mn3Si4Al2 bulk sample holds constant value for 48 h at 873 K in air. This is due to formation of oxide passive layer on the surface of the bulk sample. The 342 phase is a promising n-type material with a good oxidation resistance in the middle temperature range of 500-800 K.