bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konzeption des longitudinalen DYNAMIK-Curriculums
Authors: Nikendei C. , Dinger U. , Dück J. , Ehrenthal J. C. , Storck T. , Taubner S. , Friederich H.‑C. , Schauenburg H. , Schultz J.-H. , Montan I.
Published: January 2021

Hintergrund

Durch die Einführung des neuen „Psychotherapiestudiums“ zum Herbst 2020 und die Wünsche bisheriger Ausbildungsteilnehmer an psychotherapeutischen Ausbildungsinstituten ist die Notwendigkeit gegeben, erfahrungsbasierte und kompetenzorientierte Lehre in das zukünftige Studium und die nachfolgende Weiterbildung werdender Psychotherapeuten zu integrieren.

Material und Methode

Orientiert am Kern-Zyklus, einem bedeutenden Modell zur Curriculumsentwicklung, werden die Entwicklung, Konzeptionalisierung und Implementierung eines longitudinalen Curriculums zur Vermittlung psychodynamischer Interventionskompetenzen (DYNAMIK-Curriculum) in die derzeitige Ausbildung zum psychologischen Psychotherapeuten vorgestellt.

Ergebnisse

Es wurde ein longitudinales Curriculum mit 8 Modulen zur Vermittlung allgemeiner und spezifischer psychodynamischer Interventionskompetenzen mithilfe von Peer-Rollenspielen und standardisierten Patienten entwickelt. Dieses stellt seit Mitte 2019 einen integralen Bestandteil der Ausbildung zum tiefenpsychologisch fundierten Psychotherapeuten am Heidelberger Institut für Psychotherapie (HIP) dar.

Schlussfolgerung

Das DYNAMIK-Curriculum ist der erste wichtige Schritt in Richtung der longitudinalen erfahrungsorientieren, praxisnahen Kompetenzorientierung in der derzeitigen Ausbildung und dem zukünftigen Studium mit nachfolgender Weiterbildung von psychologischen Psychotherapeuten. Es resultiert die Notwendigkeit zur Wirksamkeitsüberprüfung solcher Curricula und zur praktischen Prüfung von Interventionskompetenzen.
Olfactory bulb granule cells: specialized to link coactive glomerular columns for percept generation and discrimination of odors
Authors: Egger Veronica , Kuner Thomas
Published: January 2021

The role of granule cells in olfactory processing is surrounded by several enigmatic observations, such as the purpose of reciprocal spines and the mechanisms for GABA release, the apparently low firing activity and recurrent inhibitory drive of granule cells, the missing proof for functional reciprocal connectivity, and the apparently negligible contribution to lateral inhibition. Here, we summarize recent results with regard to both the mechanisms of GABA release and the behavioral relevance of granule cell activity during odor discrimination. We outline a novel hypothesis that has the potential to resolve most of these enigmas and allows further predictions on the function of granule cells in odor processing. Briefly, recent findings imply that GABA release from the reciprocal spine requires a local spine action potential and the cooperative action of NMDA receptors and high voltage-activated Ca2+ channels. Thus, lateral inhibition is conditional on activity in the principal neurons connected to a granule cell and tightly intertwined with recurrent inhibition. This notion allows us to infer that lateral inhibition between principal neurons occurs “on demand,” i.e., selectively on coactive mitral and tufted cells, and thus can provide directed, dynamically switched lateral inhibition in a sensory system with 1000 input channels organized in glomerular columns. The mechanistic underpinnings of this hypothesis concur with findings from odor discrimination behavior in mice with synaptic proteins deleted in granule cells. In summary, our hypothesis explains the unusual microcircuit of the granule cell reciprocal spine as a means of olfactory combinatorial coding.
Coherence formation during narrative text processing: a comparison between auditory and audiovisual text presentation in 9- to 12-year-old children
Authors: Wannagat Wienke , Waizenegger Gesine , Nieding Gerhild
Published: January 2021

In an experiment with 114 children aged 9–12 years, we compared the ability to establish local and global coherence of narrative texts between auditory and audiovisual (auditory text and pictures) presentation. The participants listened to a series of short narrative texts, in each of which a protagonist pursued a goal. Following each text, we collected the response time to a query word that was either associated with a near or a distant causal antecedent of the final sentence. Analysis of these response times indicated that audiovisual presentation has advantages over auditory presentation for accessing information relevant for establishing both local and global coherence, but there are indications that this effect may be slightly more pronounced for global coherence.
The Cognitive Affective Model of Immersive Learning (CAMIL): a Theoretical Research-Based Model of Learning in Immersive Virtual Reality
Authors: Makransky Guido , Petersen Gustav B.
Published: January 2021

There has been a surge in interest and implementation of immersive virtual reality (IVR)-based lessons in education and training recently, which has resulted in many studies on the topic. There are recent reviews which summarize this research, but little work has been done that synthesizes the existing findings into a theoretical framework. The Cognitive Affective Model of Immersive Learning (CAMIL) synthesizes existing immersive educational research to describe the process of learning in IVR. The general theoretical framework of the model suggests that instructional methods which are based on evidence from research with less immersive media generalize to learning in IVR. However, the CAMIL builds on evidence that media interacts with method. That is, certain methods which facilitate the affordances of IVR are specifically relevant in this medium. The CAMIL identifies presence and agency as the general psychological affordances of learning in IVR, and describes how immersion, control factors, and representational fidelity facilitate these affordances. The model describes six affective and cognitive factors that can lead to IVR-based learning outcomes including interest, motivation, self-efficacy, embodiment, cognitive load, and self-regulation. The model also describes how these factors lead to factual, conceptual, and procedural knowledge acquisition and knowledge transfer. Implications for future research and instructional design are proposed.
Simulating the Coronal Evolution of Bipolar Active Regions to Investigate the Formation of Flux Ropes
Authors: Yardley S. L. , Mackay D. H. , Green L. M.
Published: January 2021

The coronal magnetic field evolution of 20 bipolar active regions (ARs) is simulated from their emergence to decay using the time-dependent nonlinear force-free field method of Mackay, Green, and van Ballegooijen (Astrophys. J. 729, 97, 2011). A time sequence of cleaned photospheric line-of-sight magnetograms, which covers the entire evolution of each AR, is used to drive the simulation. A comparison of the simulated coronal magnetic field with the 171 and 193 Å observations obtained by the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), is made for each AR by manual inspection. The results show that it is possible to reproduce the evolution of the main coronal features such as small- and large-scale coronal loops, filaments and sheared structures for 80% of the ARs. Varying the boundary and initial conditions, along with the addition of physical effects such as Ohmic diffusion, hyperdiffusion and a horizontal magnetic field injection at the photosphere, improves the match between the observations and simulated coronal evolution by 20%. The simulations were able to reproduce the build-up to eruption for 50% of the observed eruptions associated with the ARs. The mean unsigned time difference between the eruptions occurring in the observations compared to the time of eruption onset in the simulations was found to be ≈5 hrs. The simulations were particularly successful in capturing the build-up to eruption for all four eruptions that originated from the internal polarity inversion line of the ARs. The technique was less successful in reproducing the onset of eruptions that originated from the periphery of ARs and large-scale coronal structures. For these cases global, rather than local, nonlinear force-free field models must be used. While the technique has shown some success, eruptions that occur in quick succession are difficult to reproduce by this method and future iterations of the model need to address this.
Parallel Single-Pixel Imaging: A General Method for Direct–Global Separation and 3D Shape Reconstruction Under Strong Global Illumination
Authors: Jiang Hongzhi , Li Yuxi , Zhao Huijie , Li Xudong , Xu Yang
Published: January 2021

We present parallel single-pixel imaging (PSI), a photography technique that captures light transport coefficients and enables the separation of direct and global illumination, to achieve 3D shape reconstruction under strong global illumination. PSI is achieved by extending single-pixel imaging (SI) to modern digital cameras. Each pixel on an imaging sensor is considered an independent unit that can obtain an image using the SI technique. The obtained images characterize the light transport behavior between pixels on the projector and the camera. However, the required number of SI illumination patterns generally becomes unacceptably large in practical situations. We introduce local region extension (LRE) method to accelerate the data acquisition of PSI. LRE perceives that the visible region of each camera pixel accounts for a local region. Thus, the number of detected unknowns is determined by local region area, which is extremely beneficial in terms of data acquisition efficiency. PSI possesses several properties and advantages. For instance, PSI captures the complete light transport coefficients between the projector–camera pair, without making specific assumptions on measured objects and without requiring special hardware and restrictions on the arrangement of the projector–camera pair. The perfect reconstruction property of LRE can be proven mathematically. The acquisition and reconstruction stages are straightforward and easy to implement in the existing projector–camera systems. These properties and advantages make PSI a general and sound theoretical model to decompose direct and global illuminations and perform 3D shape reconstruction under global illumination.
In vitro co-culture system for Prunus spp. and Armillaria mellea in phenolic foam rooting matric
Authors: Adelberg Jeffrey , Naylor-Adelberg Jacqueline , Miller Sarah , Gasic Ksenija , Schnabel Guido , Bryson Patricia , Saski Christopher , Parris Stephen , Reighard Gregory
Published: January 2021

Armillaria and Desarmillaria spp. are causal agents of a devastating root-borne disease of peach. Breeding resistant rootstock requires a reliable screening tool. An in vitro co-culture screen designed for almond was modified by replacing agar-gelled medium with a more aerated phenolic foam and combining resistant and susceptible rootstocks (i.e., common garden experiment) and minimizes variation in inoculum pressure or rooting substrate among replicate vessels. Eight Prunus rootstocks tested (peach, plum, peach × plum, and choke cherry) were rooted and had no decline in health. Susceptible peach rootstock, ‘GF 305’, was cultured for 15 wk in phenolic foam in the same vessel with a resistant peach × plum hybrid, ‘MP-29’, inoculated with Armillaria mellea at week 5, that led to more severe shoot symptoms in the former after an additional 8 wk. This method accommodated peach genotypes that were difficult to root in agar medium. The difference during a uniform challenge with the A. mellea fungus recapitulates resistant/susceptible reactions. The phenolic foam-based co-culture method will work on many Prunus spp. of potential use in rootstock breeding.
Behavior of Al4C3 Particles During Flotation and Sedimentation in Aluminum Melts
Authors: Gökelma Mertol , Storm Aarnæs Trygve , Maier Jürgen , Renkel Maria F. , Ekstrøm Kai Erik , Friedrich Bernd , Tranell Gabriella
Published: January 2021

Al4C3 particles form during the primary production of aluminum via molten salt electrolysis due to the carbon solubility and direct contact between bath, metal, and carbon anodes. Additional Al4C3 may form during melt processing through direct contact between the melt and carbonaceous materials. As a result of their small size and similar density to aluminum, removal of aluminum carbide particles can be challenging. If not removed, carbides can produce inclusion defects or poor surface condition in aluminum products. The current work studies the removal and behavior of Al4C3 particles during flotation with different gas mixtures, as well as sedimentation. The interaction between carbide particles and Al2O3 films during the melt treatment processes was also studied and reported. Factsage thermochemical software was used to model the interactions at the interface of inclusions and bubbles covered by films. The highest degree of carbide removal was obtained after flotation with an H2O-containing argon gas mixture, where the carbide concentration dropped below the measured solubility limit of carbon at the corresponding temperature. Strong interaction between Al4C3 particles and Al2O3 films was observed during sedimentation which worked as an efficient removal method for the particles. Oxidation of carbides and formation of oxycarbides were suggested as the mechanisms promoting the attachment of carbides on oxide films.
Body Image Disturbances and Weight Bias After Obesity Surgery: Semantic and Visual Evaluation in a Controlled Study, Findings from the BodyTalk Project
Authors: Meneguzzo Paolo , Behrens Simone Claire , Favaro Angela , Tenconi Elena , Vindigni Vincenzo , Teufel Martin , Skoda Eva-Maria , Lindner Marion , Quiros-Ramirez M. Alejandra , Mohler Betty , Black Michael , Zipfel Stephan , Giel Katrin E. , Pavan Chiara
Published: January 2021

Purpose

Body image has a significant impact on the outcome of obesity surgery. This study aims to perform a semantic evaluation of body shapes in obesity surgery patients and a group of controls.

Materials and Methods

Thirty-four obesity surgery (OS) subjects, stable after weight loss (average 48.03 ± 18.60 kg), and 35 overweight/obese controls (MC), were enrolled in this study. Body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, and body perception were evaluated with self-reported tests, and semantic evaluation of body shapes was performed with three specific tasks constructed with realistic human body stimuli.

Results

The OS showed a more positive body image compared to HC (p < 0.001), higher levels of depression (p < 0.019), and lower self-esteem (p < 0.000). OS patients and HC showed no difference in weight bias, but OS used a higher BMI than HC in the visualization of positive adjectives (p = 0.011). Both groups showed a mental underestimation of their body shapes.

Conclusion

OS patients are more psychologically burdened and have more difficulties in judging their bodies than overweight/obese peers. Their mental body representations seem not to be linked to their own BMI. Our findings provide helpful insight for the design of specific interventions in body image in obese and overweight people, as well as in OS.
Influence of the ultrasonic vibration amplitude on the melt pool dynamics and the weld shape of laser beam welded EN AW-6082 utilizing a new excitation system for laser beam welding
Authors: Ohrdes H. , Nothdurft S. , Nowroth C. , Grajczak J. , Twiefel J. , Hermsdorf J. , Kaierle S. , Wallaschek J.
Published: January 2021

Laser beam welding is a commonly used technology for joining similar and dissimilar materials. In order to improve the mechanical properties of the weld, the introduction of ultrasonic vibration into the weld zone has been proposed [5]. The ultrasonic system consists of an electronic control, a power supply, a piezoelectric converter and a sonotrode, which introduces the vibration into the weld zone. Its proper design is of great importance for the process performance. Furthermore, the effects of ultrasound in a melt pool need to be understood to evaluate and optimize the process parameters. In addition, it is important to find out the limits of ultrasonic excitation with respect to a maximum vibration amplitude. Therefore, firstly different methods of ultrasonic excitation are investigated and compared with respect to their performance. A system which is based on using longitudinal vibrations turns out to be the best alternative. Secondly, the system design is described in detail to understand the boundary conditions of the excitation and finally, simulations about the influence of ultrasonic vibrations are done by using a simplified model. The system is used to perform experiments, which aim at detecting the maximum vibration amplitude doing bead on plate welds of EN AW-6082 aluminum alloy. The experiments reveal a significant change of the weld shape with increasing ultrasonic amplitude, which matches the simulative findings. If the amplitudes are small, there is a marginal effect on the weld shape. If the amplitudes are high, melt is ejected and the weld shape is disturbed. In the present case, amplitudes over 4 µm were found to disturb the weld shape.
Development of biosensor for measuring oxidative stress of fish
Authors: Wu Haiyun , Ogata Madoka , Ohnuki Hitoshi , Endo Hideaki
Published: January 2021

To elucidate the dynamics of oxidative stress in fish, it is necessary to know the concentration of superoxide anions as a precursor to various reactive oxygen species in the living body. Superoxides are unstable radicals, disappearing within a few seconds, which makes it challenging to measure them using conventional methods. We describe herein the development of a biosensor that can rapidly quantify superoxide concentrations in biological samples. The sensor was fabricated by immobilizing cytochrome c as an electron transfer element on the surface of a gold electrode as a self-assembled monolayer. The fabricated sensor was immersed in hypoxanthine solution as a working electrode with an Ag/AgCl counterelectrode. Xanthine oxidase standard solution at different concentrations was then added to generate superoxides. The sensor output correlated well with the superoxide concentration in the range of 0.58–9.33 µM. To confirm the specificity, various substances that may affect the sensor response were examined, revealing little effect on the sensor output. The sensor was applied to eyeball interstitial sclera fluid of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and exhibited acceptable performance.
Camelina, an ancient oilseed crop actively contributing to the rural renaissance in Europe. A review
Authors: Zanetti Federica , Alberghini Barbara , Marjanović Jeromela Ana , Grahovac Nada , Rajković Dragana , Kiprovski Biljana , Monti Andrea
Published: January 2021

Promoting crop diversification in European agriculture is a key pillar of the agroecological transition. Diversifying crops generally enhances crop productivity, quality, soil health and fertility, and resilience to pests and diseases and reduces environmental stresses. Moreover, crop diversification provides an alternative means of enhancing farmers’ income. Camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) reemerged in the background of European agriculture approximately three decades ago, when the first studies on this ancient native oilseed species were published. Since then, a considerable number of studies on this species has been carried out in Europe. The main interest in camelina is related to its (1) broad environmental adaptability, (2) low-input requirements, (3) resistance to multiple pests and diseases, and (4) multiple uses in food, feed, and biobased applications. The present article is a comprehensive and critical review of research carried out in Europe (compared with the rest of the world) on camelina in the last three decades, including genetics and breeding, agronomy and cropping systems, and end-uses, with the aim of making camelina an attractive new candidate crop for European farming systems. Furthermore, a critical evaluation of what is still missing to scale camelina up from a promising oilseed to a commonly cultivated crop in Europe is also provided (1) to motivate scientists to promote their studies and (2) to show farmers and end-users the real potential of this interesting species.
Retrograde Flow in the Aortic Isthmus: Trigger to Deliver Growth Restricted Fetuses Between 30 and 34 Weeks of Gestation?
Authors: Bansode Shalaka Arun , Balakrishnan Bijoy , Batra Meenu , Sreeja P. S. , Swapneel N. Patil , Gopinathan K. K.
Published: January 2021

Objective To evaluate the association of aortic isthmus (AoI) circulation assessed by doppler imaging in growth restricted fetuses with perinatal outcome.

Design Prospective longitudinal observational study.

Setting Tertiary referral center.

Population Fetal growth restriction (FGR) (n = 38) between 24 and 36 weeks’ gestation.

Methods Doppler examination of the aortic isthmus, umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery, and ductus venosus (DV) was performed. The relationship between perinatal outcomes and antegrade (n = 25) and retrograde flow (n = 13) in the AoI and other Doppler parameters was analysed.

Results Retrograde AoI group had higher rates of adverse perinatal outcome (92.3% vs. 72%) with 63.1% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity. Overall perinatal mortality (intrauterine death and neonatal death) was higher in the retrograde group (23%). No perinatal mortality was seen in the antegrade AoI group. Cases with absent end diastolic flow (AEDF) or reverse end diastolic flow (REDF) in the UA and retrograde flow in the AoI and normal DV flow had 40% prenatal mortality as 25% in those with abnormal DV Doppler.

Conclusion Retrograde blood flow in the AoI is associated with adverse perinatal outcome, particularly intrauterine fetal demise, neonatal death, Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) and increased duration of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) stay. Even if DV flow is normal, adverse outcome might be suspected in fetuses with AEDF/REDF in the UA and retrograde flow in the AoI. Consequently, retrograde flow in the AoI might be considered as an additional trigger for delivering FGR fetuses at 30–34 weeks with AREDF in the UA. Larger longitudinal studies are, however, required to vaidate this.
Applications of Nijenhuis geometry: non-degenerate singular points of Poisson–Nijenhuis structures
Authors: Bolsinov Alexey V. , Konyaev Andrey Yu. , Matveev Vladimir S.
Published: January 2021

We study and completely describe pairs of compatible Poisson structures near singular points of the recursion operator satisfying natural non-degeneracy condition.
Ascorbic acid coadministration with artesunate–amodiaquine, up-regulated antioxidant enzymes gene expression in bone marrow cells and elicited biochemical changes in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice
Authors: Ebohon Osamudiamen , Irabor Francis , Omoregie Ehimwenma Sheena
Published: January 2021

One of the hallmarks of malaria infection is oxidative stress. This study was aimed at investigating the potential effects of coadministering a therapeutic dose of artesunate–amodiaquine (AS/AQ) with Vitamin C (Vit C) orally on some biochemical parameters and antioxidant enzymes gene expression in bone marrow cells of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Thirty male Swiss albino mice were divided into five groups of six mice each as follows: Basal control (not infected with P. berghei), Untreated (P. berghei-infected without treatment), Vit C, AS/AQ and AS/AQ + Vit C combination treated mice. Treatment was done twice daily for three consecutive days. Complete parasite clearance was observed on the second day of treatment in AS/AQ and AS/AQ + Vit C combination treated P. berghei-infected mice. Serum albumin and bilirubin levels were higher in the AS/AQ + Vit C combination treated P. berghei-infected mice compared with those treated with AS/AQ only. Artesunate–amodiaquine + Vit C combination increased superoxide dismutase activity and reduced hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels in P. berghei-infected mice when compared with the mice treated with only AS/AQ. Furthermore, AS/AQ + Vit C combination significantly up-regulated catalase and glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) mRNA expression compared with the mice treated with only AS/AQ. This is the first report linking AS/AQ to antioxidant enzyme gene expression in bone marrow cells. Our findings showed that AS/AQ and Vit C coadministration may be beneficial as it ameliorated oxidative stress and up-regulated antioxidant enzyme gene expression in P. berghei-infected mice.
Road marking retroreflectivity study via a visual algorithm
Authors: Chou Chia-Pei , Leong Kin-Wai , Chen Ai-Chin , Lee Yao-Xuan
Published: January 2021

The retroreflectivity (Rl) of road markings is important and should be inspected and maintained throughout their service life. The specifications are provided by European nations, the United States, and many other countries. Although acceptance tests ensure the good Rl quality of newly placed road markings, the RL values of all in-service road markings are rather difficult to inspect by using currently available devices. This study, therefore, aims to determine the relationship between Rl and corresponding image brightness of yellow road markings to evaluate their visibility by analyzing recorded images captured at night. An integrated algorithm was developed to analyze recorded images continuously for identifying road marking brightness 30 m away from a vehicle. Field experiments on three types of road marking materials were performed and repeated at four separate locations. The findings provide a promising direction for using the image brightness of road markings to predict their field Rl. However, limitations of this study are discussed and suggestions for future direction are presented.
Use of polymer modified binders as rejuvenators in recycled asphalt mixtures
Authors: Torres Hélder P. , Fernandes Sara R. M. , Loureiro Carlos D. A. , Moura Caroline F. N. , Silva Hugo M. R. D. , Oliveira Joel R. M.
Published: January 2021

Road paving recycling has been acquiring more relevance in society, especially within the paradigm of a circular economy. The addition of waste materials in asphalt mixtures is an excellent solution to face the gradual emergence of a great diversity of waste materials and reduce the production costs. This study aims to evaluate the addition of commercial and laboratory-produced polymer modified binders as rejuvenators in recycled asphalt mixtures with high contents of reclaimed asphalt pavement material (RAP). A commercial polymer modified binder (PMB) and a conventional bitumen modified with 5% of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) or 4% of Regefalt were added to RAP aged bitumen and compared with a rejuvenated binder. Fatigue, permanent deformation and water sensitivity tests carried out on recycled mixtures produced with those binders showed that polymer modified binders could be used as rejuvenators to improve their performance significantly. The recycled asphalt mixture produced with the commercial PMB presented the best mechanical performance. The polymer-modified binders revealed an ageing resistance equivalent to that of the control rejuvenated binder, or slightly better in the case of the final binder with SBS polymer.
Exploration of alternatives of elastic recovery and conventional fatigue tests of modified binders
Authors: Morshed M. M. Tariq , Hossain Zahid , Chen Dao-Hao , Baumgardner Gaylon
Published: January 2021

For characterizing polymer modified binders, different state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) use a variety of laborious and empirical Performance Grade (PG) “Plus” test methods such as elastic recovery (ER) and tenacity. However, the effects of elasto meric and/or plastomeric polymers are not been accurately identified through these conventional tests. The main research goal of this study is to recommend alternative test method(s), which can be pursued by using a, commonly available, dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). To this end, efficacies of test methods such as multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR), elastic recovery using a DSR (ER-DSR), linear amplitude sweep (LAS), and binder yield energy test (BYET) were explored in this study. Also, a viscoelastic continuum damage (VECD) model was developed to characterize the fatigue cracking of asphalt binders. Two types of polymer modi fied binders from ten sources approved by the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ARDOT) and Texas Department of Transportation (TXDOT) were evaluated in the laboratory. Test results and analyses suggest that without risking the suppliers or users, either the ER-DSR or MSCR test can be a good replacement of the ER test method. A new ER-DSR binder grading system has been proposed. Among the selected fatigue tests, the BYET results were found to be highly related to fatigue damage.
Specificity of assemblage, not fungal partner species, explains mycorrhizal partnerships of mycoheterotrophic Burmannia plants
Authors: Zhao Zhongtao , Li Xiaojuan , Liu Ming Fai , Merckx Vincent S F T , Saunders Richard M K , Zhang Dianxiang
Published: January 2021

Mycoheterotrophic plants (MHPs) growing on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) usually maintain specialized mycorrhizal associations. The level of specificity varies between MHPs, although it remains largely unknown whether interactions with mycorrhizal fungi differ by plant lineage, species, and/or by population. Here, we investigate the mycorrhizal interactions among Burmannia species (Burmanniaceae) with different trophic modes using high-throughput DNA sequencing. We characterized the inter- and intraspecific dynamics of the fungal communities by assessing the composition and diversity of fungi among sites. We found that fully mycoheterotrophic species are more specialized in their fungal associations than chlorophyllous species, and that this specialization possibly results from the gradual loss of some fungal groups. In particular, although many fungal species were shared by different Burmannia species, fully MHP species typically host species-specific fungal assemblages, suggesting that they have a preference for the selected fungi. Although no apparent cophylogenetic relationship was detected between fungi and plants, we observe that evolutionarily closely related plants tend to have a greater proportion of shared or closely related fungal partners. Our findings suggest a host preference and specialization toward fungal assemblages in Burmannia, improving understanding of interactions between MHPs and fungi.
‘CTRL’: an online, Dynamic Consent and participant engagement platform working towards solving the complexities of consent in genomic research
Authors: Haas Matilda A. , Teare Harriet , Prictor Megan , Ceregra Gabi , Vidgen Miranda E. , Bunker David , Kaye Jane , Boughtwood Tiffany
Published: January 2021

The complexities of the informed consent process for participating in research in genomic medicine are well-documented. Inspired by the potential for Dynamic Consent to increase participant choice and autonomy in decision-making, as well as the opportunities for ongoing participant engagement it affords, we wanted to trial Dynamic Consent and to do so developed our own web-based application (web app) called CTRL (control). This paper documents the design and development of CTRL, for use in the Australian Genomics study: a health services research project building evidence to inform the integration of genomic medicine into mainstream healthcare. Australian Genomics brought together a multi-disciplinary team to develop CTRL. The design and development process considered user experience; security and privacy; the application of international standards in data sharing; IT, operational and ethical issues. The CTRL tool is now being offered to participants in the study, who can use CTRL to keep personal and contact details up to date; make consent choices (including indicate preferences for return of results and future research use of biological samples, genomic and health data); follow their progress through the study; complete surveys, contact the researchers and access study news and information. While there are remaining challenges to implementing Dynamic Consent in genomic research, this study demonstrates the feasibility of building such a tool, and its ongoing use will provide evidence about the value of Dynamic Consent in large-scale genomic research programs.
Ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid loaded onto fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticles for the location and therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Liu Yuke , Zhou Le , Tan Jing , Xu Weiqiang , Huang Guoliang , Ding Jie
Published: January 2021

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles promote ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid, extracted from the Chinese herbal medicine Pteris semipinnata L., to make more important impact in the treatment of low-differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Correction: Prevention of pulmonary air leaks using a biodegradable tissue-adhesive fiber sheet based on Alaska pollock gelatin modified with decanyl groups
Authors: Ichimaru Hiroaki , Mizuno Yosuke , Chen Xi , Nishiguchi Akihiro , Taguchi Tetsushi
Published: January 2021

Correction for ‘Prevention of pulmonary air leaks using a biodegradable tissue-adhesive fiber sheet based on Alaska pollock gelatin modified with decanyl groups’ by Hiroaki Ichimaru et al., Biomater. Sci., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01302a.
Scaling analyses for hyperpolarization transfer across a spin-diffusion barrier and into bulk solid media
Authors: Prisco Nathan A. , Pinon Arthur C. , Emsley Lyndon , Chmelka Bradley F.
Published: January 2021

Quantitative scaling analyses based on mass and energy transport analogies enable rate-limiting processes to be established in hyperpolarization transfer phenomena.
Organic nanoelectronics inside us: charge transport and localization in RNA could orchestrate ribosome operation
Authors: Sosorev Andrey , Kharlanov Oleg
Published: January 2021

We suggest and show computationally that operation of the ribosome could be precisely synchronized by charge transport along the RNA, localization of the charges at certain sites and successive conformational relaxation.
Quantum interference enhances rectification behavior of molecular devices
Authors: Polakovsky Anastazia , Showman Janai , Valdiviezo Jesús , Palma Julio L.
Published: January 2021

A theoretical and computational study of the effect of quantum interference on the rectification behavior of unimolecular devices.
Photo-induced radical thiol–ene chemistry: a versatile toolbox for peptide-based drug design
Authors: Ahangarpour Marzieh , Kavianinia Iman , Harris Paul W. R. , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: January 2021

Thiol–ene chemistry, a tailored approach to access novel peptide-based drugs.
Metal–organic frameworks and their derivatives as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Du Jian , Li Fei , Sun Licheng
Published: January 2021

This review summarizes the recent progress on MOFs and their derivatives used for OER electrocatalysis in terms of their morphology, composition and structure–performance relationship.
Sustainable highly charged C60-functionalized polyimide in a non-contact mode triboelectric nanogenerator
Authors: Lee Jae Won , Jung Sungwoo , Jo Jinhyeong , Han Gi Hyeon , Lee Dong-Min , Oh Jiyeon , Hwang Hee Jae , Choi Dukhyun , Kim Sang-Woo , Lee Jun Hee , Yang Changduk , Baik Jeong Min
Published: January 2021

A sustainable highly charged C60-functionalized polyimide is introduced as the dielectric of a TENG, which generates higher output power and a superior charge density with slower charge decay rate, compared with a perfluoroalkoxy alkane film-based TENG.
Fine-tuning of side-chain orientations on nonfullerene acceptors enables organic solar cells with 17.7% efficiency
Authors: Chai Gaoda , Chang Yuan , Zhang Jianquan , Xu Xiaopeng , Yu Liyang , Zou Xinhui , Li Xiaojun , Chen Yuzhong , Luo Siwei , Liu Binbin , Bai Fujin , Luo Zhenghui , Yu Han , Liang Jiaen , Liu Tao , Wong Kam Sing , Zhou Hang , Peng Qiang , Yan He
Published: January 2021

Regulating side-chain orientations of Y-series NFAs is a promising strategy to achieve favorable morphology, and high charge mobility and solar cell performances, which enables high-performance devices with efficiency approaching 18%.
The identification of the major contributors in atmospheric particulate matter to oxidative stress using surrogate particles
Authors: Zhao Keda , Li Minjie , Zhao Lixia , Sang Nan , Guo Liang-Hong
Published: January 2021

The mechanism of the surrogate-particle-induced increase in intracellular ROS levels was investigated.
Strong-field ionization of polyatomic molecules: ultrafast H atom migration and bond formation in the photodissociation of CH3OH
Authors: Das Rituparna , Pandey Deepak K. , Nimma Vinitha , P. Madhusudhan , Bhardwaj Pranav , Chandravanshi Pooja , Shameem K. M. Muhammed , Singh Dheeraj K. , Kushawaha Rajesh K.
Published: January 2021

Quantum control of intramolecular H migration and Hn+ (n = 1–3) ions formation from ionized CH3OH using laser parameters has been experimentally demonstrated, while the mechanism of H migration and dissociation of CH3OH+ have been explained successfully.
Contact photolithography-free integration of patterned and semi-transparent indium tin oxide stimulation electrodes into polydimethylsiloxane-based heart-on-a-chip devices for streamlining physiological recordings
Authors: Yip Joycelyn K. , Sarkar Debarghya , Petersen Andrew P. , Gipson Jennifer N. , Tao Jun , Kale Salil , Rexius-Hall Megan L. , Cho Nathan , Khalil Natalie N. , Kapadia Rehan , McCain Megan L.
Published: January 2021

ITO integrated into PDMS-based heart-on-a-chip devices using laser-cut masks enable parallel, point, and multiplexed stimulation for calcium and contractility assays.
Biomedical optical fibers
Authors: Rezapour Sarabi Misagh , Jiang Nan , Ozturk Ece , Yetisen Ali K. , Tasoglu Savas
Published: January 2021

Tasoglu, Yetisen and co-workers review the emerging medical and health-related applications of optical fibers, illustrating the new wave for the fabrication of implantable devices, wearable sensors, and photodetection and therapy setups.
Synergistic catalytic effects of MoO2 and Vulcan carbon on the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Liu Weikai , Cai Jiannan , Huang Baohua , Zhang Xiaofeng , Lin Shen
Published: January 2021

The MoO2/C composite exhibits superior electrocatalytic activity towards the ORR via a near four-electron reaction path.
Enzymatic dimerization in the biosynthetic pathway of microbial natural products
Authors: Liu Jiawang , Liu Anan , Hu Youcai
Published: January 2021

Cytochrome P450s, laccases, and intermolecular [4 + 2] cyclases, along with other enzymes were utilized to catalyze varied dimerization of matured natural products so as to create the structural diversity and complexity in microorganisms.
Identification and characterization of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotics
Authors: McErlean M. , Liu X. , Cui Z. , Gust B. , Van Lanen S. G.
Published: January 2021

This review highlights the functional assignment and partial characterization of multiple proteins involved in the biosynthesis of structurally complex pyrimidine-derived nucleoside antibiotics.
Mind the mushroom: natural product biosynthetic genes and enzymes of Basidiomycota
Authors: Gressler Markus , Löhr Nikolai A. , Schäfer Tim , Lawrinowitz Stefanie , Seibold Paula Sophie , Hoffmeister Dirk
Published: January 2021

This article comprehensively reviews basidiomycete enzymes and their genes involved in natural product biosynthesis and primarily focuses on typical pathways and enzymes, along with the methods applied to investigate mushroom metabolism.
A minimum energy optimization approach for simulations of the droplet wetting modes using the cellular Potts model
Authors: Xu Ronghe , Zhao Xiaoli , Wang Liqin , Zhang Chuanwei , Mao Yuze , Shi Lei , Zheng Dezhi
Published: January 2021

An optimization approach based on the synthesis minimum energy was proposed for determining droplet wetting modes.
Tuning adlayer-substrate interactions of graphene/h-BN heterostructures on Cu(111)–Ni and Ni(111)–Cu surface alloys
Authors: Huang Jianmei , Wang Qiang , Liu Pengfei , Chen Guang-hui , Yang Yanhui
Published: January 2021

The evolution of the interface and interaction of h-BN and graphene/h-BN (Gr/h-BN) on Cu(111)–Ni and Ni(111)–Cu surface alloys versus the Ni/Cu atomic percentage on the alloy surface were comparatively studied by DFT-D2, including critical long-range van der Waals forces.
Transformation details of poly(acrylonitrile) to poly(amidoxime) during the amidoximation process
Authors: Shao Dadong , Hou Guangshun , Chi Fangting , Lu Xirui , Ren Xuemei
Published: January 2021

During the amidoximation process, transformation details of poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) to poly(amidoxime) (PAO) is critical for optimizing amidoximation conditions, which determine the physicochemical properties and adsorption capabilities of PAO-based materials.
Microencapsulation of lime (Citrus aurantifolia) oil for antibacterial finishing of cotton fabric
Authors: Julaeha Euis , Puspita Sandra , Eddy Diana Rakhmawaty , Wahyudi Tatang , Nurzaman Mohamad , Nugraha Jakariya , Herlina Tati , Al Anshori Jamaludin
Published: January 2021

Functional cotton fabric incorporated with antibacterial microcapsules of lime (C. aurantifolia) essential oil (LO) was prepared.
Highly economical and direct amination of sp3 carbon using low-cost nickel pincer catalyst
Authors: Brandt Andrew , RanguMagar Ambar B. , Szwedo Peter , Wayland Hunter A. , Parnell Charlette M. , Munshi Pradip , Ghosh Anindya
Published: January 2021

Developing more efficient routes to achieve efficient C–N bond coupling is of great importance to industries ranging from products in pharmaceuticals and fertilizers to biomedical technologies and next-generation electroactive materials.
Emergent cell-free layer asymmetry and biased haematocrit partition in a biomimetic vascular network of successive bifurcations
Authors: Zhou Qi , Fidalgo Joana , Bernabeu Miguel O. , Oliveira Mónica S. N. , Krüger Timm
Published: January 2021

We describe, characterise and explain emerging heterogeneity of red bolood cell partitioning within a network substantially deviating from empirical predictions.
Introduction to remodeling of biomembranes
Authors: Lipowsky Reinhard , Dimova Rumiana
Published: January 2021

Reinhard Lipowsky and Rumiana Dimova introduce the Soft Matter themed issue on remodeling of biomembranes.
Application of modern geodetic tools in the operation of railway reconstructions
Authors: Ten Yuriy , Oymatov Rustam , Khayitov Kholmurod , Saydalieva Guzal , Nulloev Ulugbek , Nematov Izzatillo
Published: January 2021

This research considers the survey of the circular curve of the operating railway using an electronic total station, which determines the coordinates of points on the curve and calculates the coordinates of the main points of the circular curve. The goal is obtaining information with sufficient accuracy about the spatial position of the parameters of the railway plan, i.e. the device of the railway plan: turning angles, radiuses, lengths of straight lines and curves. Recommendations for determining the elements necessary to locate the main points of curves and their coordinates are considered. The advantage of this method is the simplicity of calculation, which allows the compiled program and high efficiency of determining the main points of curves using a modern geodetic device-the electronic total station Trimble VX (USA).
Improvement of cadastral information provisioning system in an administrative region
Authors: Rakhmonov Kosimdjon , Abdurakhimova Mokhigul
Published: January 2021

Improvement of the land cadastre information system in the administrative district will make more efficient use of the land fund. More than 42,000 land users in Kibray, which is the object of the research, can quickly manage land resources through the creation of land information systems. As a result, the use of specialized software at the district level increases the quality of the specialists’ work compared to traditional methods, and time consuming 3 and 5 times the amount of data transmission to consumers. The collected and regulated data will serve as the main source of the unified system of land registration in Kibray district and the creation of a special land fund and its rational distribution among land users. The method developed to compile a digital cadastre map based on an example of an administrative district is the basis for the registration of land parcel and, in turn, the land fund distribution. Information on the state of land resources is mainly collected in the State Land Cadastre. Registration of the rights to the land parcel, the main component of which is the re-registration of new land users and the existing ones, requires the most up-to-date information on the land cadastre.
Spinal Muscular Atrophy with Respiratory Distress Type 1 (SMARD1): Are We Diagnosing Yet?
Authors: Reddy Chaithanya , Paria Pradip , Chatterjee Debajyoti , Saini Arushi G. , Suthar Renu , Singanamalla Bhanudeep , Kochar Gurpreet
Published: January 2021

The spectrum of disorders associated with the IGHMBP2 (immunoglobulin μ-binding protein 2) gene pathogenic variants is still unknown. In this case report, we discussed an interesting case of genetically confirmed spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1) with atypical sparing of the diaphragm, thus expanding the phenotypic spectrum of this intriguing disorder and also highlight the importance of reconsidering the selection criteria for considering IGHMBP2 pathogenic variants.
Antenatal Steroids and Acute Kidney Injury in Preterm Infants
Authors: Üstün Nuran , Arslanoglu Sertac , Ovali Fahri
Published: January 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to identify the effects of antenatal steroids (ANS) on acute kidney injury (AKI) in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants.

Study Design We performed a retrospective cohort study of VLBW infants admitted to a tertiary-care neonatal intensive care unit between January 2016 and June 2019. Infants were divided into no ANS, partial ANS, and complete ANS groups. Serum creatinine (SCr) levels and rates of AKI during the first 2 weeks of life were compared.

Results During the study period, 335 infants met our inclusion criteria. Among no, partial, and complete ANS groups, there were significant differences in rates of stages 2 and 3 AKI (17, 11, and 6%, respectively). Logistic regression analysis revealed that complete ANS course was associated with lower rates of AKI (odds ratio [OR] = 0.41 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20–0.83) and stages 2 and 3 AKI (OR = 0.205 95% CI: 0.075–0.563) compared with no ANS. Infants in complete ANS group had significantly lower SCr at 72 hours of life and at discharge, SCr peak was compared with infants in no ANS group.

Conclusion In VLBW infants, complete ANS exposure may be associated with improved renal function and decreased risk for AKI compared with no ANS.

Key Points