bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cumulating the Supplements to the Seventh Edition of LC Subject Headings
Authors: Torkington Roy B.
Published: January 2015

A description is presented of the project of the University of California Library Automation Program to cumulate the 1966 through 1971 supplements to the Library of Congress Subject Headings. The University of California Institute of Library Research MARC processing software, BIBCON, was used, with specially written programs. The resulting cumulation was edited, printed in book form, and made available to libraries. The final task involved merging six MARC files into one file of over 125,000 records and then printing that file in a format similar to that of LC Subject Headings. The project was a cooperative effort with participation by people from several UC campuses.
BIBCON--A General Purpose Software System for MARC-Based Book Catalog Production
Authors: Gibson Liz
Published: January 2015

The BIBCON file management system, designed for use on IBM 360 system equipment, performs two basic functions: (1) it creates MARC structured, bibliographic records from untagged input data; (2) from these records it produces page image output for book catalogs. The system accepts data from several different input devices and can produce a variety of output formats by line printer, photocomposition, or computer output microform (COM).
Technical Communications
Authors: Silberstein Stephen
Published: January 2015

Technical Communications
Odontologia hospitalar: a atuação do cirurgião dentista em equipe multiprofissional na atenção terciária
Authors: Rocha Amanda Leal , Ferreira Efigênia Ferreira e
Published: January 2015

Objetivo: Avaliar a participação da Odontologia, em equipe multiprofissional, no contexto hospitalar, a partir da demanda por avaliação odontológica em um hospital de Belo Horizonte. Materiais e Métodos: Foram analisadas 137 solicitações de avaliação odontológica, encaminhadas entre fevereiro/2010 e fevereiro/2012. Foram avaliadas todas as solicitações descritas em interconsultas, agrupadas em: condições patológicas, solicitação de avaliação, sintomas, higiene bucal e outras observações. Os dados foram registrados emplanilhas do programa Excel for Windows e apresentados em valores absolutos e percentuais. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino (70%) com idade média de 54 anos (±19,88). As descrições das solicitações de interconsulta totalizaram: condições patológicas (n=98), solicitação de avaliação (n=19), sintomas (n=-20), higiene bucal (n=10) e outras observações (n=21). As cinco expressões mais recorrentes nos pedidos foram “condição dentária precária” seguida pela “avaliação odontológica”, “dor de dente”, “lesõesde mucosa” e “dentes com mobilidade”. As cinco expressões mais recorrentes nos pedidos foram “condição dentária precária” seguida pela “avaliação odontológica”, “dor de dente”, “lesões de mucosa” e “dentes com mobilidade”. Conclusão: Conclui-se que, no período de dois anos houve crescimento das solicitações por avaliações odontológicas apesar de muito pequeno, frente ao total de internações ocorridas no mesmo período. O crescimento da procura pelo cirurgião-dentista pode representar o reconhecimento da necessidade de sua integração na equipe hospitalar, mesmo sem estar clara a noção de equipe multiprofissional.Descritores: Saúde bucal. Unidade hospitalar de Odontologia. Assistência odontológica.
Avaliação do conhecimento de higiene bucal e motivação dos pais de uma instituição de ensino pública brasileira
Authors: Afonso Bárbara Azevedo , De Castro Martha Chiabai Cupertino
Published: January 2015

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil dos pais de alunos, matriculados em um estabelecimento de ensino público para crianças de 03 a 05 anos e avaliar se a aplicação de palestras informativas poderia motivá-los a melhorar os hábitos de higiene oral e de alimentação, tornando-os mais saudáveis. Materiais e Métodos: Adotou-se um método descritivo transversal, tendo como estratégia de coleta de dados, a aplicação de questionários e palestras. Resultados: Observou-se uma amostragem predominante de adultos jovens, em que 80% tinham concluído o ensino fundamental. As mulheres representaram 77,8% dos entrevistados, sendo que 84,4% dos participantes receberam informações de como escovar os dentes anteriormente ao projeto e 62,2% escovavam os dentes três vezes ao dia, mas 73,3% responderam que têm o costume de comer entre as refeições. Na avaliação das palestras, constatou-se que os participantes foram motivados pelas mesmas e isso contribuiu para que corrigissem hábitos de higiene bucal, momentaneamente, mas não provocaram mudanças de hábitos alimentares. Conclusão: Com base nos resultados, concluiu-se que os pais tinham um conhecimento prévio insuficiente sobre como prevenir a cárie e que as palestras informativas são forma de motivação imediata. As palestras informativas devem estar associadas a outras formas de motivações para produzir mudanças permanentes nos hábitos rotineiros dos indivíduos. Descritores: Cárie dentária. Higiene bucal. Motivação. Educação em saúde bucal.
Comparação de métodos para mensuração da perda óssea alveolar periodontal em ratos submetidos a estresse
Authors: Foureaux Renata de Carvalho , Messora Michel Reis , De Oliveira Luiz Fernando Ferreira , Marques Leandro Silva , Silva Viviam de Oliveira , Zangerônimo Márcio Gilberto , Pereira Luciano José
Published: January 2015

Objetivo: Comparar os métodos radiográfico, morfométrico e histométrico para avaliação da perda do osso alveolar em ratos com doença periodontal induzida por ligadura e submetidos a estresse crônico. Materiais e Métodos: Ratos Wistar (Rattus norvegicus albinus) machos adultos foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x2 (com e sem doença periodontal (DP), com e sem estresse crônico (EC)) com oito repetições em cada grupo. O EC foi realizado por meio de imobilização diária por 2,5 horas por 30 dias, enquanto que a DP foi induzida com o protocolo de ligadura no primeiro molar mandibular direito e esquerdo nos últimos 14 dias. Após esse período, os ratos foram eutanasiados. Resultados: Na análise radiográfica e histométrica foi determinado o suporte ósseo periodontal (SOP). Adicionalmente, na análise histométrica foi calculada a perda do osso alveolar (POA) e a perda de inserção epitelial (PIE) na face distal do primeiro molar. Na análise morfométrica, a perda do osso alveolar foi obtida pela determinação das distâncias lineares da junção cemento-esmalte (JEC) até crista óssea (CO) no centro das raízes linguais e distais. Observou-se aumento dos níveis de corticosterona (p<0,05) nos animais submetidos a imobilização e a perda do osso alveolar foi superior (p<0,05) nos animais que receberam a ligadura, independentemente da associação com estresse, enquanto que a imobilização isoladamente não influenciou esses parâmetros. Houve correlação significativa entre as três variáveis utilizadas para avaliação da perda óssea (p<0,05). Conclusão: Métodos histométricos, radiográficos e morfométricos não apresentaram resultados divergentes na avaliação da perda óssea alveolar em ratos com DP e submetidos ao EC.Descritores: Modelos animais. Periodontite. Ligadura. Perda do osso alveolar.
The pleasure of publishing
Authors: Malhotra Vivek , Marder Eve
Published: January 2015

When assessing manuscripts eLife editors look for a combination of rigour and insight, along with results and ideas that make other researchers think differently about their subject.
Ashkelon: The Seventh Century B.C. By Lawrence E. Stager; Daniel M. Master; and J. David Schloen
Authors: Shai Itzhaq
Published: January 2015

Ashkelon: The Seventh Century B.C. By Lawrence E. Stager; Daniel M. Master; and J. David Schloen. Final Reports of the Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon, vol. 3. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 2011. Pp. xv + 817, illus. $99.50.
Everyday Writing in the Graeco-Roman East. By Roger S. Bagnall
Authors: Moyer Ian S.
Published: January 2015

Everyday Writing in the Graeco-Roman East. By Roger S. Bagnall. Sather Classical Lectures, vol. 69. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2011. Pp. xiv + 179, illus. $49.95.
Poetry and History: The Value of Poetry in Reconstructing Arab History. Edited by Ramzi Baalbaki, Saleh Said Agha, and Tarif Khalidi
Authors: Talib Adam
Published: January 2015

Poetry and History: The Value of Poetry in Reconstructing Arab History. Edited by Ramzi Baalbaki, Saleh Said Agha, and Tarif Khalidi. Beirut: American University of Beirut Press, 2011. Pp. xii + 459. $40.
Performing Arts in Medieval Islam: Shadow Play and Popular Poetry in Ibn Dāniyāl’s Mamluk Cairo. By Li Guo
Authors: Van Gelder Geert Jan
Published: January 2015

The Performing Arts in Medieval Islam: Shadow Play and Popular Poetry in Ibn Dāniyāl’s Mamluk Cairo. By Li Guo. Islamic History and Civilization, vol. 93. Leiden: Brill, 2012. Pp. xiii + 240. $136.
Witches, Whores, and Sorcerers: The Concept of Evil in Early Iran. By S. K. Mendoza Forrest
Authors: Vevaina Yuhan Sohrab-Dinshaw
Published: January 2015

Witches, Whores, and Sorcerers: The Concept of Evil in Early Iran. By S. K. Mendoza Forrest. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2011. Pp. x + 231.
Arabisch kayfa “wie” als Konjunktion: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der arabischen Syntax. By Werner Diem
Authors: Carter Michael
Published: January 2015

Arabisch kayfa “wie” als Konjunktion: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der arabischen Syntax. By Werner Diem. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2011. Pp. 152. €58.
Tracing the Earliest Recorded Concepts of International Law: The Ancient Near East (2500–330 BCE). By Amnon Altman
Authors: Beckman Gary
Published: January 2015

Tracing the Earliest Recorded Concepts of International Law: The Ancient Near East (2500–330 BCE). By Amnon Altman. Legal History Library, Studies in the History of International Law, vol. 8. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2012. Pp. xxvi + 254. $149. [Distributed by E. J. Brill]
Deutsche in Palästina und ihr Anteil an der Modernisierung des Landes. Edited by Jakob Eisler
Authors: Beckman Gary
Published: January 2015

Deutsche in Palästina und ihr Anteil an der Modernisierung des Landes. Edited by Jakob Eisler. Abhandlungen des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins, vol. 36. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2008. Pp. xi + 207, plates. €48.
Humanized care: discovering the possibilities in the practice of nursing in mental health
Authors: Oliveira Lucidio Clebeson , Silva Richardson Augusto Rosendo da , Medeiros Maria NeuciVãnia de , Queiroz Johny Carlos de , Guimarâes Jacileide
Published: January 2015

Objetivo: Identificar o cuidado humanizado como instrumento da reorganização da prática de enfermagem em saúde mental. Metodologia: Pesquisa exploratória, de caráter qualitativo, foi desenvolvida com os enfermeiros de um hospital de saúde mental de Mossoró-RN, utilizou-se como instrumento de coleta de dados um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado, a coleta foi realizada na própria instituição, utilizou-se a análise temática de conteúdo proposta por Minayo. Resultados: Os entrevistados entendem que a humanização significa cuidar das pessoas, coletivamente, com responsabilidade, compromisso e ética, ajudando-as a vencer suas limitações. Fundamentam-se na concepção da Reforma Psiquiátrica enquanto movimento o qual trouxe ganhos significativos para o novo enfoque da saúde mental, em que a filosofia da humanização pode contribuir para uma assistência de enfermagem eficaz e resolutiva. Conclusão: É estar aberto às críticas e poder fazer o trabalho em equipe com equilíbrio e comprometer-se com a redefinição das políticas de assistência à pessoa com transtorno mental.
How caretakers of paraplegics deal with the overload of activities on a daily basis
Authors: Machado Wiliam César alves , Alvarez Adriana Bispo , Teixeira Maria Luiza de Oliveira , Branco Elen Martins da Silva Castelo , Figueiredo Nébia Maria Almeida de
Published: January 2015

Objetivo: Investigar como cuidadores domiciliares de pessoas com lesão medular lidam com a sobrecarga do cuidado no dia a dia.   Método: Estudo descritivo, abordagem qualitativa, realizado no segundo semestre de 2011, com cuidadores principais e informais de paraplégicos, usuários de duas instituições de reabilitação, localizadas na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Coleta de dados a partir de entrevista semi-estruturada e análise temática de conteúdo. O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, parecer nº 047/2011. Resultados: Relatos evidenciaram duas categorias, a saber: “Compreendendo  para melhor cuidar do outro”; e  “Avaliando a sobrecarga do cuidado para com o outro”. Conclusões: Conclui-se que a compreensão dos conflitos da pessoa com lesão medular deve ser premissa para que o cuidador domiciliar exerça suas atividades sem maiores desgastes e sobrecarga que o impeça de suprir suas próprias necessidades.
Moral harassment: a study with nurses of the family health strategy
Authors: Silva Alana Franco da , Costa Solange Fátima Geraldo da , Batista Patrícia Serpa de Souza , Zaccara Ana Aline Lacet , Costa Isabelle Cristinne Pinto , Duarte Marcella Costa Souto
Published: January 2015

Objetivos: Investigar a ocorrência da prática do assédio moral no  ambiente de trabalho de enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família; averiguar quem são os assediadores; identificar as características dos agressores; verificar as consequências da prática do assédio moral para a saúde do profissional. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida em Unidades de Saúde da Família, do município de João Pessoa, com 30 enfermeiros, com a aplicação de um questionário. Os dados foram analisados por meio de frequência e percentual. Resultados: Dos trinta enfermeiros da pesquisa, dez (33,3%) sofreram assédio moral, e em 46,1% dos casos, os agressores eram apoiadores. No que tange a problemas de saúde em consequência do assédio, destaca-se o estresse (92,3%). Conclusões: O estudo evidenciou que um número significativo de enfermeiros foram vítimas de assédio moral em seu ambiente de trabalho, de forma repetitiva e sistemática, o que acarreta problemas de saúde para o trabalhador.
Health handmade’s fishermen and occurrence of skin wounds: new directions for nursing
Authors: Ribeiro Crystiane Ribas Batista , Sabóia Vera Maria , De Souza Dayane Knupp , Moreira Amanda Portugal de Andrade
Published: January 2015

Objetivo: Sintetizar a produção científica sobre a saúde de pescadores que tragam reflexões sobre feridas cutâneas neste grupo de trabalhadores. Método: Revisão integrativa com período de coleta de dados de abril a maio de 2013. Foram selecionados cinco artigos nas bases de dados: LILACS, ScieLO e Medline. Resultados: Os cinco artigos (100%) evidenciam a pesca como uma atividade laborativa precária, salientando a ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho e de ferimentos durante tal atividade. Em relação à essência do conteúdo e produção do conhecimento destacaram-se questões relacionadas à escassez de políticas voltadas para a saúde do pescador, precariedade de leis trabalhistas e inexistência de informações sobre vigilância epidemiológica e sanitárias com esta categoria profissional. Conclusão: Admite-se a necessidade de voltar à atenção de pesquisadores enfermeiros para esta população de trabalhadores, uma vez que estudos prévios apontam para urgência de medidas voltadas para a promoção, prevenção e recuperação da saúde dos pescadores.
Concern of primiparous women with regard to labor and birth
Authors: Souza Monique Gonzalez de , Vieira Bianca Dargam Gomes , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Leão Diva Cristina Morett Romano , Sá Angela Mitrano Perazzini de
Published: January 2015

Objetivos: conhecer as preocupações das mulheres primíparas acerca do trabalho de parto e parto; identificar ações do enfermeiro para amenizar os sentimento das mulheres. Métodos: trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, exploratória, de natureza qualitativa, com vinte mulheres primíparas do alojamento conjunto do Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro mediante entrevista semiestruturada e analisado com os preceitos da análise temática, após aprovação peloComitê de Ética da do Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, sob nº 218.283. Resultados: Na análise dos dados, os resultados mostraram os seus sentimentos e expectativas quanto a sua relação com o trabalho de parto e parto, como medo, insegurança, ansiedade. Contudo, a presença do acompanhante mostrou-se importante para inibição desses sentimentos. Conclusão: O profissional de saúde deve facilitar e promover o cuidado a parturiente, com uma assistência resultante de uma relação de confiança e vinculo.
Permanent education in health in an intensive care unit: the perception of the nurses
Authors: Citoula Paim Caroline , Ilha Silomar , Stein Backes Dirce
Published: January 2015

Objetivo: Identificar a percepção de enfermeiros atuantes na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva acerca do processo de Educação Permanente com vista a sua posterior implementação no serviço.Métodos:Pesquisa exploratória, descritiva de abordagem qualitativa, realizada de junho a agosto de 2013, com cinco enfermeiros atuantes em uma unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital de médio porte da região central do Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de um questionário contendo questões abertas e o tratamento dos dados por meio da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Emergiramduas categorias:O Enfermeiro em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva: percepções e atribuições; Delineando estratégias para a qualificação do processo de trabalho. Conclusão: Foi possível identificar que a Educação Permanente é um processo lento e progressivo que não pode perder o foco principal que visa à qualidade do cuidado, pois apresenta significativo resultado de transformação.
Nursing and self-care in the world of psychiatric care
Authors: Silva Adão Ademir , Terra Marlene Gomes , Leite Marinês Tambará , Freitas Fernanda Franceschi de , Xavier Mariane da Silva , Ely Gabriela Zenatti
Published: January 2015

Objetivo: Compreender o cuidado de si do profissional de enfermagem em saúde mental. Método: Estudo qualitativo, realizado em UnidadePsiquiátricadeumHospital Escola doRioGrandedoSul/Brasil. Utilizou-se a fenomenologia da percepção de Merleau-Ponty, como referencial teórico filosófico e a fenomenologia hermenêutica de Paul Ricoeur, como referencial metodológico. Apesquisafoidesenvolvidacom10profissionaisdeenfermagememsaúdemental, numa população total de 15 profissionais, por meio de entrevista aberta, no período de setembro a dezembro de 2010. Resultado: Da metáfora dosdiscursosemergiu o tema:omundo dapsiquiatria. Conclusão: O mundo do cuidado em psiquiatria desvela-se como palco de intensas trocas interpessoais, de encontros e desencontros com o outro envolvido no cuidado. É um espaço de relações e acontecimentos objetivos e subjetivos que interferem no cuidado do outro e no cuidado de si de cada profissional de enfermagem.
Nursing care to woman in immediate puerperium: a narrative description
Authors: Cassiano Alexandra do Nascimento , Holanda Cristyanne Samara Miranda de , Costa Roberta Kaliny de Souza , Morais Fátima Raquel Rosado de , Maranhão Técia Maria de Oliveira
Published: January 2015

Objetivo: Descrever a assistência de enfermagem prestada no pós-parto imediato na percepção dos enfermeiros de um hospital público. Método: Pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa. Participaram do estudo os enfermeiros da Instituição que assistem às puerperas. Os dados qualitativos foram analisados com base na análise temática de conteúdos. Resultados: A partir da análise das falas, emergiram categorias que contemplam as dimensões do processo de trabalho da enfermagem: O gerenciar; O assistir/intervir; O investigar/pesquisar; e O ensinar/aprender nas ações de enfermagem.  Discussão:  O gerenciar das ações de enfermagem embasa-se nas teorias clássicas de administração; a assistência está marcada pelo biologisismo; ausência da investigação no processo de trabalho; as práticas educativas são baseadas no modelo de saúde tradicional e há carência de ações de Educação permanente. Conclusão: O exercício da enfermagem deve se fundamentar em processos  articulados de modo a gerar práticas que conformam a integralidade das ações em saúde.
Nursing care to elderly with bone fractures: an integrative review
Authors: Valente Geilsa Soraia Cavalcanti , Landim Ana Caroline Fonseca , Pinheiro Fernanda Machado , Pessanha Fernanda Soares , Santos Luiz dos
Published: January 2015

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil dos idosos vítimas de traumas ósseos e como a enfermagem tem atuado na assistência a estes clientes. Metodo: Revisão Integrativa, realizada na base de dados LILACS a partir dos descritores: Idoso, Enfermagem e Trauma, no intuito de responder a seguinte questão:<< “Qual o perfil dos idosos que sofrem traumas ósseos e qual o papel da enfermagem na assistência a estes clientes?”>>. Resultados: Sofrem mais traumas indivíduos prioritariamente acima de 80 anos, com debilidades neuromotoras, usando múltiplas medicações e com comorbidades. O cuidado de enfermagem aos idosos traumatizados ainda é deficiente, pois observa-se uma incidência significativa de iatrogenias. Conclusão: Os fatores de risco para a ocorrência de eventos traumáticos no idoso favorecem a perda da qualidade de vida, aumento da dependência funcional, sobrecarga aos cuidadores e institucionalização. Os registros dos cuidados prestados proporcionam visibilidade e garantem a continuidade do cuidado de forma qualificada.
Nursing diagnoses in people with acquired immune deficiency syndrome: an integrative review of the literature
Authors: Peixoto Kamila dos Santos Macedo , Da Silva Richardson Augusto Rosendo , Costa Romanniny Hévillyn Silva
Published: January 2015

Objetivo:Sintetizar o conhecimento produzido na literatura científica acerca dos diagnósticos de enfermagem mais frequentes em pessoas com Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados SCOPUS, PUBMED, LILACS e BDENF. Resultados: Foram identificados sete diagnósticos de enfermagem dos quais 04 foram citados em 66% dos artigos: déficit de conhecimento, medo, nutrição desequilibrada: menos do que as necessidades corporais e risco de infecção. Os DE ansiedade, controle ineficaz do regime terapêutico e diarreia foram citados em 50% dos artigos. Conclusão: Há lacunas nos estudos analisados, pois os enfermeiros não descrevem em alguns diagnósticos elaborados quais as características definidoras e os fatores relacionados dos DE por eles estabelecidos.
Nosocomial infection control: role of the nurse
Authors: Dutra Gelson Garcia , Costa Mônica Pereira da , Bosenbecker Eliel Ott , Lima Lílian Moura de , De Siqueira Hedi Crescência Heckler , Cecagno Diana
Published: January 2015

Objetivou-se conhecer a produção científica da enfermagem brasileira sobre o controle de infecções hospitalares nos últimos cinco anos. A seleção dos artigos foi realizada nas bases: SCIELO, LILACS e BDENF observando-se como critérios de inclusão: estudos realizados com seres humanos, publicados no formato de artigos científicos, disponíveis no idioma português, livre acesso e possuir entre os autores, um enfermeiro. A amostra constitui-se de 22 artigos. Na análise emergiram duas temáticas: Conhecimento das infecções hospitalares e o uso de PP pelas equipes de saúde;  função do enfermeiro no controle das infecções hospitalares e as estratégias adotadas.  Evidenciou-se a grande responsabilidade que o Enfermeiro tem em relação à prevenção e controle das infecções hospitalares. Ressalta-se que o comprometimento do enfermeiro em relação às ações que desempenha  com a equipe a qual gerencia se reflete no cuidado prestado e corrobora numa forma de avaliação da qualidade da assistência prestada.Descritores: Enfermagem; Infecção Hospitalar; /Prevenção &Controle.
Small‐scale variability patterns of DMS and phytoplankton in surface waters of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans
Authors: Royer S.‐J. , Mahajan A. S. , Galí M. , Saltzman E. , Simó R.
Published: January 2015

High‐resolution surface measurements of dimethylsulfide (DMS), chlorophyll a fluorescence, and the efficiency of photosystem II were conducted together with temperature and salinity along five eastward sections in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. Analysis of variability length scales revealed that much of the variability in DMS concentrations occurs at scales between 15 and 50 km, that is, at the lower edge of mesoscale dynamics, decreasing with latitude and productivity. DMS variability was found to be more commonly related to that of phytoplankton‐related variables than to that of physical variables. Unlike phytoplankton physiological data, DMS did not show any universal diel pattern when using the normalized solar zenith angle as a proxy for solar time across latitudes and seasons. The study should help better design sampling and computing schemes aimed at mapping surface DMS and phytoplankton distributions, taking into account latitude and productivity.
An empirical approach to modeling ion production rates in Titan's ionosphere II: Ion production rates on the nightside
Authors: Richard M. S. , Cravens T. E. , Wylie C. , Webb D. , Chediak Q. , Mandt K. , Waite J. H. , Rymer A. , Bertucci C. , Wellbrock A. , Windsor A. , Coates A. J.
Published: January 2015

Ionization of neutrals by precipitating electrons and ions is the main source of Titan's nightside ionosphere. This paper has two goals: (1) characterization of the role of electron impact ionization on the nightside ionosphere for different magnetospheric conditions and (2) presentation of empirical ion production rates determined using densities measured by the Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer on the nightside. The ionosphere between 1000 and 1400 km is emphasized. We adopt electron fluxes measured by the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer‐Electron Spectrometer and the Magnetospheric Imaging Instrument as classified by Rymer et al. (2009). The current paper follows an earlier paper (Paper I), in which we investigated sources of Titan's dayside ionosphere and demonstrated that the photoionization process is well understood. The current paper (Paper II) demonstrates that modeled and empirical ionization rates on the nightside are in agreement with an electron precipitation source above 1100 km. Ion production rate profiles appropriate for different Saturnian magnetospheric conditions, as outlined by Rymer et al., are constructed for various magnetic field topologies. Empirical production rate profiles are generated for deep nightside flybys of Titan. The results also suggest that at lower altitudes (below 1100 km) another source, such as ion precipitation, is probably needed.
The long‐duration positive storm effects in the equatorial ionosphere over Jicamarca
Authors: Kuai Jiawei , Liu Libo , Liu Jing , Zhao Biqiang , Chen Yiding , Le Huijun , Wan Weixing
Published: January 2015

The long‐duration positive storm (LPS) in the equatorial regions is relatively poorly understood. In this report, we conducted a statistical analysis of the LPS effects in the equatorial ionosphere over Jicamarca (12.0°S, 283.2°E) in 1998–2010. There are 250 geomagnetic storms (minimum Dst < −50 nT) in 1998–2010, but the ionosonde observations at Jicamarca are available only for 204 storms. A total of 46 LPSs are identified in terms of the criterion that the storm time relative deviation of peak density of F2 layer (NmF2) exceeds 25% for more than 6 h. A salient feature is that the occurrence of LPSs tends to decay approximately exponentially on the following days after the main phase of geomagnetic storms. The ratios of the number of equatorial LPSs to that of geomagnetic storms have no obvious dependence on season and solar activity. During the daytime LPSs, the disturbed zonal electric field is mostly westward, as indicated from the geomagnetic field changes in the equatorial American region. For the nighttime LPSs, the significant uplifting of F2 layer caused by an eastward electric field is the most important feature. Therefore, the disturbed electric field should play an essential role in forming the equatorial LPSs.
Evolution of the storm magnetic field disturbance around Earth's surface and the associated ring current as deduced from multiple ground observatories
Authors: Shen C. , Zeng G. , Li X. , Rong Z. J.
Published: January 2015

Based on the continuous magnetic measurements of the multiple ground observatories, the structure of the geomagnetic field disturbance and its temporal variations have been investigated, and the evolution of the storm ring current is deduced accordingly. Assuming that the geomagnetic disturbance around the Earth's surface is approximately linearly varying in space, the spatial gradient of the corrected H (geomagnetic horizontal) component can be obtained from the multiple ground observations. It is found that the maximum difference of the corrected H component around the Earth's surface, as calculated by the gradient of the corrected H component multiplied by the Earth diameter, represents well the asymmetric index Asy‐H. The antidirection of the gradient of the corrected H component can be regarded as pointing to the position of the maximum partial ring current. It is shown that for ordinary magnetic storms with Dst > −200 nT, the maximum partial ring current is located around the duskside during the main phase and the earlier stage of the recovery phase. At the later stage of the recovery phase, the position of the maximum partial ring current can possibly keep rotating eastward, indicating that the energetic electrons may play a significant role and the main ring current carriers may be the electrons at this stage. For the super storms (Dst < −200 nT), the position of the maximum partial ring current is not as regular. Based on physical considerations, this investigation also provides new formulas of the definitions to the symmetric index Sym‐H and asymmetric index Asy‐H.
Childhood bullying and social dilemmas
Authors: Kohm Amelia
Published: January 2015

Children who witness bullying often do not defend victims. Bystanders might be reticent to intervene because they are stuck in “social dilemmas.” Social dilemmas are situations in which individuals make decisions based on self‐interest due to their lack of confidence that others will join with them in decisions that benefit the collective. In this study, the social dilemmas concept, which comes from game theory and social psychology, was applied to bullying for the first time. A total of 292 middle school students at a private residential school in the United States completed surveys about their bullying‐related experiences within their residences of 10 to 12 students of the same gender. Multilevel modeling was employed to assess if and how attitudes, group norms, and social dilemmas predict behavior in bullying situations. The findings suggested that both individual and group factors were associated with behavior in bullying situations and that attitudes, group norms, and social dilemmas each made a unique contribution to predicting behavior in bullying situations. Aggr. Behav. 42:97–108, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Museum Development in the Gulf: Narrative and Architecture
Authors: Wakefield Sarina
Published: January 2015

How might interpretations of the past be informing the culture of tomorrow? Sarina Wakefield, a specialist in heritage and museum development in the Middle East, provides an overview of the form and function of contemporary museums in Qatar, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and the UAE. In so doing, she explores how institutions are drawing on locally specific heritage and cultural objects to develop distinctive identities for an international audience.
The Struggle for Integrity: Emerging Local Practices in the Gulf
Authors: Katodrytis George , Mitchell Kevin
Published: January 2015

Overshadowed by the large‐scale and often exaggerated architectural expressions produced by architectural firms with a global reach, the work of local practices in the Gulf has not gained widespread recognition for alternative approaches to the context. Here Guest‐Editors George Katodrytis and Kevin Mitchell profile the work of four emerging studios – dxb.lab, X‐Architects and SHAPE Architecture Practice and Research, based in the UAE, and AGi Architects, with offices in Kuwait and Spain – highlighting the challenges that indigenous studios in the region encounter.
Serum autoantibodies in silicosis and non‐silicosis cement workers
Authors: Beshir Safia , Shaheen Weam A. , Elserougy Safaa , Aziz Hisham M.
Published: January 2015

Aim

To study serum autoantibodies and immunoglobulin levels in cement workers.

Methods

Blood samples for numerous antibodies were collected from 30 silicosis and 42 non‐silicosis cement workers. Spirometry of the silicosis workers was also studied.

Results

Serum IgA mean level showed a significant increase in the silicosis group compared to the non‐silicosis group. Elevated titers of serum anti‐smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA) and anti‐glomerular basement membrane (anti‐GBM) were detected only in the silicosis group. The duration of exposure showed a significant positive correlation with serum IgA, ASMA and anti‐GBM, and a significant negative correlation with serum IgG. Serum anti‐GBM showed a significant positive correlation with IgG while the inverse titer (1/titer) of anti‐GBM showed highly significant positive correlations with serum IgA and ASMA. The percent predicted FVC was the ventilatory function most closely associated with immunological parameters in silicosis group.

Conclusion

Serum IgA, ASMA, and anti‐GBM are the principal immunologic parameters associated with silicosis. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:238–244, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors affecting layperson confidence in performing resuscitation of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients in Japan
Authors: Sasaki Mie , Ishikawa Hirono , Kiuchi Takahiro , Sakamoto Tetsuya , Marukawa Seishiro
Published: January 2015

Aim

Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation including automated external defibrillator use increases the chance of survival after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest. However, bystanders may be distressed by witnessing out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest and may hesitate to initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The present study examined factors associated with layperson confidence in carrying out resuscitation of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients.

Methods

We carried out a cross‐sectional survey in February 2012. Laypeople were asked about background characteristics, whether they had performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation, had received cardiopulmonary resuscitation training, were aware of the location of the neighborhood automated external defibrillator, and felt confident in performing resuscitation, and their potential emotional distress if a resuscitation attempt were to prove unsuccessful.

Results

Participants comprised 4,853 respondents. Of these, 2,372 (49%) had received cardiopulmonary resuscitation training, and 3,607 (74%) knew where the neighborhood automated external defibrillator was located. Confidence in performing chest compressions was reported by 2,667 (55%), confidence in performing rescue breathing by 2,498 (52%), and confidence in using an automated external defibrillator by 2,822 (58%). Potential emotional distress if a resuscitation attempt proved unsuccessful was reported by 4,247 (88%). Multivariate regression analysis showed that having carried out cardiopulmonary resuscitation, having received cardiopulmonary resuscitation training, and awareness of the neighborhood automated external defibrillator location were significantly associated with confidence in performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that more extensive cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and information regarding neighborhood automated external defibrillator locations may increase layperson confidence in initiating resuscitation.
Economic hardship of minority and non‐minority cancer survivors 1 year after diagnosis: Another long‐term effect of cancer?
Authors: Pisu Maria , Kenzik Kelly M. , Oster Robert A. , Drentea Patricia , Ashing Kimlin T. , Fouad Mona , Martin Michelle Y.
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND

Current literature suggests that racial/ethnic minority survivors may be more likely than whites to experience economic hardship after a cancer diagnosis; however, little is known about such hardship.

METHODS

Patients with lung cancer (LC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) participating in the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance (CanCORS) Consortium were surveyed approximately 4 months (baseline) and 12 months (follow‐up) after diagnosis. Economic hardship at follow‐up was present if participants 1) indicated difficulty living on household income; and/or 2) for the following 2 months, anticipated experiencing hardships (inadequate housing, food, or medical attention) or reducing living standards to the bare necessities of life. The authors tested whether African Americans (AAs) and Hispanics were more likely than whites to experience economic hardship controlling for sex, age, education, marital status, cancer stage, treatment, and economic status at baseline (income, prescription drug coverage).

RESULTS

Of 3432 survivors (39.7% with LC, 60.3% with CRC), 14% were AA, 7% were Hispanic, and 79% were white. AAs and Hispanics had lower education and income than whites. Approximately 68% of AAs, 58% of Hispanics, and 44.5% of whites reported economic hardship. In LC survivors, the Hispanic‐white disparity was not significant in unadjusted or adjusted analyses, and the AA‐white disparity was explained by baseline economic status. In CRC survivors, the Hispanic‐white disparity was explained by baseline economic status, and the AA‐white disparity was not explained by the variables that were included in the model.

CONCLUSIONS

Economic hardship was evident in almost 1 in 2 cancer survivors 1 year after diagnosis, especially AAs. Research should evaluate and address risk factors and their impact on survival and survivorship outcomes. Cancer 2015;121:1257–1264. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Impact of patient and navigator race and language concordance on care after cancer screening abnormalities
Authors: Charlot Marjory , Santana M. Christina , Chen Clara A. , Bak Sharon , Heeren Timothy C. , Battaglia Tracy A. , Egan A. Patrick , Kalish Richard , Freund Karen M.
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND

Patient navigation improves the timely diagnosis of cancer among minorities, but little is known about the effects of patient and navigator race and language concordance on health outcomes.

METHODS

The authors investigated the effects of patient and navigator race and language concordance on the time to diagnosis of cancer screening abnormalities among participants in the Boston Patient Navigation Research Program, a clinical effectiveness trial for women who had breast or cervical cancer screening abnormalities identified from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2008. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using proportional hazards regression adjusting for clinical and demographic factors.

RESULTS

In total, 1257 women had breast cancer screening abnormalities (n = 655) or cervical cancer screening abnormalities (n = 602) identified, and 56% were nonwhite. Language concordance was associated with timelier resolution for all patients in the cervical cancer screening abnormalities group during the first 90 days (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.18‐1.80), and specifically for Spanish speakers during the first 90 days (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.10‐1.84), but no difference was observed after 90 days for women who had cervical cancer screening abnormalities or at any time for those who had breast cancer screening abnormalities. Race concordance was associated with significant decreases in the time to diagnosis for minority women with breast and cervical cancer screening abnormalities in analyses stratified by race, but no differences were observed in analyses that included all women.

CONCLUSIONS

Patient navigator race and language concordance improved the timeliness of care in a minority population. Patient navigators who are racially/ethnically diverse and multilingual may help address barriers to care and improve cancer outcomes for low‐income minorities. Cancer 2015;121:1477–1483. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Evaluation of the effect of multiple doses of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics and safety of ponatinib in healthy subjects
Authors: Narasimhan Narayana I. , Dorer David J. , Davis Jeffrey , Turner Christopher D. , Sonnichsen Daryl
Published: January 2015

Ponatinib, an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor with significant activity in heavily pretreated patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, is a CYP3A4 substrate. This open‐label, nonrandomized, fixed‐order crossover study evaluated the effect of multiple oral doses of rifampin, a strong CYP3A4 inducer, on the pharmacokinetics of ponatinib (45 mg, single dose). Twenty healthy adults received ponatinib on day 1, rifampin 600 mg alone on days 8–13, 15, and 16, and rifampin 600 mg with ponatinib on day 14. Rifampin decreased maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC) from time zero to time of last measurable concentration (AUC0‐t) and from time zero to infinity (AUC0‐∞) of ponatinib by 42%, 59%, and 63%, respectively, with no effect on time to Cmax. The limits of the 90% confidence intervals of the estimated geometric mean ratios of ponatinib Cmax, AUC0‐t, and AUC0‐∞ did not fall within the 80–125% margins for equivalence, suggesting a statistically significant interaction. Coadministration of ponatinib with strong CYP3A4 inducers should be avoided unless the benefit outweighs the possible risk of ponatinib underexposure, because the safety of ponatinib dose increases has not been studied in this context.
Controlled Release of a Sparingly Water‐Soluble Anticancer Drug through pH‐Responsive Functionalized Gold‐Nanoparticle‐Decorated Liposomes
Authors: Adhikari Chandan , Das Anupam , Chakraborty Anjan
Published: January 2015

The binding and detachment of carboxyl‐modified gold nanoparticles from liposomes is used for controlled drug delivery. This study reveals that the binding and detachment of nanoparticles from liposomes depends on the degree of hydration of the liposomes. Liposomes with a lower hydration level undergo stronger electrostatic interactions with negatively charged gold nanoparticles, thus leading to a slower detachment of the carboxyl‐modified gold nanoparticles under gastric conditions. Therefore, under gastric conditions, gold‐nanoparticle‐decorated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes exhibit an at least ten‐times‐slower drug release compared to gold‐nanoparticle‐decorated 1,2‐dimyristoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DMPC) liposomes, although both liposomes in the bare state fail to pursue controlled release. Our study also reveals that one can modulate the drug‐release rate by simply varying the concentration of nanoparticles. This study highlights a novel strategy for the controlled release of drug molecules from liposomes.
Do capillary dried blood spot concentrations of gamma‐hydroxybutyric acid mirror those in venous blood? A comparative study
Authors: Sadones Nele , Archer John R. H. , Ingels Ann‐Sofie M. E. , Dargan Paul I. , Wood David M. , Wood Michelle , Neels Hugo , Lambert Willy E. , Stove Christophe P.
Published: January 2015

Gamma‐hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is a well‐known illicit club and date‐rape drug. Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling is a promising alternative for classical venous sampling in cases of (suspected) GHB intoxication since it allows rapid sampling, which is of interest for the extensively metabolized GHB. However, there is limited data if ‐and how‐ capillary DBS concentrations correlate with venous concentrations. We conducted a comparative study in 50 patients with suspected GHB intoxication, to determine and to correlate GHB concentrations in venous DBS (vDBS) and capillary DBS (cDBS). This is the first study that evaluates in a large cohort the correlation between capillary and venous concentrations of an illicit drug in real‐life samples. Of the 50 paired samples, 7 were excluded: the vDBS concentration was below the LLOQ of 2 µg/mL in 3 cases and 4 samples were excluded after visual inspection of the DBS. Bland‐Altman analysis revealed a mean % difference of ‐2.8% between cDBS and vDBS concentrations, with the zero value included in the 95% confidence interval of the mean difference in GHB concentration. A paired sample t‐test confirmed this observation (p = 0.17). Also the requirement for incurred sample reproducibility was fulfilled: for more than two‐thirds of the samples the concentrations obtained in cDBS and those in vDBS were within 20% of their mean. Since equivalent concentrations were observed in cDBS and vDBS, blood obtained by fingerprick can be considered a valid alternative for venous blood for GHB determination. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Critical limit states in seismic buckling‐restrained brace and connection designs
Authors: Chuang Ming‐Chieh , Tsai Keh‐Chyuan , Lin Pao‐Chun , Wu An‐Chien
Published: January 2015

A welded end‐slot buckling‐restrained brace (WES‐BRB) has been developed at the Taiwan National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE). A steel frame equipped with a WES‐BRB can offer a cost‐effective solution to meet interstory drift and earthquake‐resistant design requirements for seismic steel buildings. According to the WES‐BRB and connection design procedure proposed by NCREE, there are seven key elements of a buckling‐restrained braced frame (BRBF) design that require design checking. In order to assist an engineer with the design of the WES‐BRB members and connections, an innovative cloud service named Brace on Demand has been constructed at NCREE. In this study, using 581 BRBF design examples, the effectiveness of the proposed design procedures to meet all design checks is demonstrated. It is found that the most critical limit states for an initial design are joint region buckling, gusset plate buckling, and gusset‐to‐beam and gusset‐to‐column interface strength. Accordingly, the causes of improper designs and associated strategies for improving the initial designs are discussed in this paper. Recommendations on initial selections including the BRB joint size and gusset plate thickness are given. The paper provides the detailed road map for engineers to develop the spreadsheet for BRB and connection designs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neural Crest-Specific TSC1 Deletion in Mice Leads to Sclerotic Craniofacial Bone Lesion
Authors: Fang Fang , Sun Shaogang , Wang Li , Guan Jun-Lin , Giovannini Marco , Zhu Yuan , Liu Fei
Published: January 2015

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2. TSC has high frequency of osseous manifestations such as sclerotic lesions in the craniofacial region. However, an animal model that replicates TSC craniofacial bone lesions has not yet been described. The roles of Tsc1 and the sequelae of Tsc1 dysfunction in bone are unknown. In this study, we generated a mouse model of TSC with a deletion of Tsc1 in neural crest-derived (NCD) cells that recapitulated the sclerotic craniofacial bone lesions in TSC. Analysis of this mouse model demonstrated that TSC1 deletion led to enhanced mTORC1 signaling in NCD bones and the increase in bone formation is responsible for the aberrantly increased bone mass. Lineage mapping revealed that TSC1 deficient NCD cells overpopulated the NCD bones. Mechanistically, hyperproliferation of osteoprogenitors at an early postnatal stage accounts for the increased osteoblast pool. Intriguingly, early postnatal treatment with rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, can completely rescue the aberrant bone mass, but late treatment cannot. Our data suggest that enhanced mTOR signaling in NCD cells can increase bone mass through enlargement of the osteoprogenitor pool, which likely explains the sclerotic bone lesion observed in TSC patients. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.