bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil and HexaneÐEther Extract of Tanacetum santolinoides (DC.) Feinbr. and Fertig
Authors: El-Shazly Assem , Dorai Gamal , Wink Michael
Published: February 2015

The essential oil of the aerial parts of Tanacetum santolinoides was analyzed by capillary GLC and GLC-MS. Altogether 30 components were identified. The main constituents were thymol (18%), trans-thujone (17.5%), trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (13.2%), cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (9.2%), umbellulone (9.7%) and 1,8-cineole (4.7%). Similar essential oil pattern in addition to palmitic acid methyl ester, palmitic acid, stigmasterol, sitosterol and two flavonoidal aglycons were found in the n-hexane-ether extract. The oil showed strong in vitro activity against E. coli, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans.
Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution Using Rhizopus delemar Mycelia in Free and Polyurethane-Bound Form
Authors: Tsekova Kolishka , Petrov Galin
Published: February 2015

This study assesses the ability of mycelia of Rhizopus delemar (both free and immobilized on polyurethane foam) to remove heavy metals from single-ion solutions as well as from a mixture of them. All experiments were conducted using 0.5-5 mm solutions of CuSO4·5H2O, CoCl2·6H2O and FeSO4·7H2O. Mycelia immobilized on polyurethane foam cells showed some times increase in uptake compared with that of free cells. Metal ions accumulation from a mixed solution was decreased slightly for cobalt and iron and considerable for copper ions. Heavy metal uptake was examined in the immobilized column experiments and more than 92% heavy metal removal (mg heavy metals removed/mg heavy metals added) from a mixed solution was achieved during the 5 cycles. During these experiments, the dry weight of the immobilized cells was decreased by only 2%. These results showed that immobilized mycelia of Rhizopus delemar can be used repeatedly for removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions.
Hydroxylated 2-Amino-3H-phenoxazin-3-one Derivatives as Products of 2-Hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (HBOA) Biotransformation by Chaetosphaeria sp., an Endophytic Fungus from Aphelandra tetragona
Authors: Zikmundová Martina , Drandarov Konstantin , Hesse Manfred , Werner Christa
Published: February 2015

The biotransformation of the phytoanticipin HBOA and its major degradation metabolites 2-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide (7) and N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide (8) by Chaetosphaeria sp., an endophytic fungus isolated from Aphelandra tetragona, was studied. Three new metabolites could be identified as 2-amino-7-hydroxy-3H-phenoxazin-3-one (12), 2-acetylamino-7-hydroxy-3H-phenoxazin-3-one (13) and 7-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyacetyl)- amino-3H-phenoxazin-3-one (14). Structure elucidation of 12 and 13 was performed by MS, 1H, 13C NMR and 2D NMR techniques and confirmed by chemical transformation.
Microbial Conversion of Partheniol by Calonectria decora
Authors: Maatooq Galal T.
Published: February 2015

The biotransformation of partheniol by the fungus Calonectria decora ATCC 14767, produced six metabolites. These metabolites are; aromadendr-1(10)-en-8α -ol; 5(9),6-tricyclohumul- 1(10)-en-8α-ol; 4,15-didehydro-6-bicyclohumulan-8α,10α-diol; 5(9),6-tricyclohumulan- 4α,8α-diol; maalian-1α,8α-diol and 14-epi-1(4)-epoxymaalian-8α-ol. The identities of these metabolites were established by different spectroscopic measurements.
The Microbial Oxidation of (–)-β-Pinene by Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Farooq Afgan , Choudhary M. Iqbal , Tahara Satoshi , Atta-ur-Rahman  , Can Başerc K. Hüsnü , Demirci Fatih
Published: February 2015

(-)-β-pinene, a flavor and fragrance monoterpene is an important constituent of essential oils of many aromatic plants. It was oxidized by a plant-pathogenic fungus, Botrytis cinerea to afford four metabolites characterized as (-)-6α-hydroxy-β-pinene, (-)-4β,5β-dihydroxy- β-pinene, (-)-2β,3β-dihydroxypinane, and (-)-4β-hydroxy-β-pinene-6-one by detailed spectroscopic studies along with other known metabolites.
The Influence of Phytohormones on Zeta Potential and Electrokinetic Charges of Winter Wheat Cells
Authors: Filek Maria , Zembala Maria , Szechyńska-Hebda Magdalena
Published: February 2015

The zeta potential measurements of protoplasts obtained from winter wheat cell culture and phospholipid liposomes were performed to determine the electrokinetic charge in a medium containing various phytohormones (kinetin, 2,4-D and zearalenone) in absence and in presence of 2·10-5ᴍCa2+. Calli were induced from immature inflorescences (inf) and embryos (emb) and cultured to obtain non-embryogenic (NE) and embryogenic (E) cell tissues. All investigated phytohormones indicate ability to adsorb to the negatively charged surfaces (latex, L88 - model negative adsorption site) both in water solutions and at the presence of mannitol and buffer (MES). In biological systems (protoplasts and liposomes - prepared from phospholipids of protoplasts) the electrokinetic charges were dependent on the phospholipid and protein composition of cells. The influence of protein groups on electrokinetic charge was calculated from charge values of protoplasts and liposomes, assuming additivity of surface charges. The comparison of calculated charges for protoplasts and liposomes indicate that 2,4-D is better adsorbed to the phospholipid and proteins of NE cells whereas kinetin is bound to the phospholipid and protein sites of E calli. This effect may be connected with embryogenesis process, where non-embryogenic culture of wheat requires 2,4-D in the medium, and embryogenic culture requires cytokinin rather. Zearalenone binding is especially dependent on the kind of explant.
Lupeol Alkanoates in Brazilian Propolis
Authors: Pereira Alberto S. , Nascimento Evandro A. , de Aquino Neto Francisco R.
Published: February 2015

High temperature high resolution gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HTHRGC- MS) isa powerful analytical tool. In this work we applied this technique to the study of crude extracts of propolis collected near the city of Uberlândia - Minas Gerais State. Eucalyptus trees and native plants from “cerrado” (savannah) were the material sources disposable for the Apis mellifera bees. A lot of known propolis constituents were identified, however, several high molecular weight compounds including lupeol alkanoates were identified for first time in propolis.
Electrophysiological Studies and Identification of Possible Sex Pheromone Components of Brazilian Populations of the Sugarcane Borer, Diatraea saccharalis
Authors: Batista-Pereira Luciane G. , Santangelo Ellen M. , Stein Kathrin , Unelius C. Rikard , Eiras Alvaro E. , Corrêa Arlene G.
Published: February 2015

Virgin female gland extracts of sugarcane moth Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), from three locations in Brazil, have been analyzed. By GC-MS analysis and comparison of the chromatographic retention time of the components of the pheromone gland with those retention times of synthetic standards, we observed the presence of (Z)- hexadec-11-enal (1), hexadecanal (2), (9E,11Z)-hexadecadienal (4), (9Z,11Z)-hexadecadienal (5) and (9E,11E)-hexadecadienal (6), as minor components besides the major constituent (9Z,11E)-hexadecadienal (3) already reported. We found no variations in the composition of the gland extracts deriving from the three Brazilian populations and only two compounds, (Z)-hexadec-11-enal (1) and (9Z,11E)-hexadecadienal (3), elicited antennal responses (GCEAD). In electroantennography (EAG), however, pure compounds 1 and 3, a binary mixture containing 1 and 3, and a mixture containing all of the six synthetic compounds 1-6 elicited a depolarization in male antennae of D. saccharalis, without any statistically different delay. The EAG responses to the other isomers of 9,11-hexadecadienal were small and not significantly different from the control, except for the (9Z,11Z)-isomer (5) which showed an relatively strong electroantennal activity.
Disjunction–Conjunction–Disillusionment
Authors: Heuser Andreas
Published: February 2015

In Pentecostal political theology in Africa, there has been a movement from Pentecostal disjunction from state and society towards conjunction on governance levels. This eventually led to disillusionment with Pentecostal policymaking, both within African Pentecostal milieus and public discourses. The entrance of Pentecostal actors onto the political stage in African countries dates back to the transformative years from 1989 to 1993, in which democratic movements all over the continent were challenging autocratic presidential regimes. This era has been termed in political science the “second democratization” after the immediate postcolonial era of nation building in the 1960s. Almost invisible before, Pentecostal political impact was growing enormously and transformed into varied efforts to ‘pentecostalize’ governance since the turn of the millennium. In view of selected West African political cultures and Kenya discussed in this special issue of Nova Religio, a dialectics in Pentecostal visions of politics becomes obvious: The diversity of political strategies testifies to African Pentecostal potency in public discourses, but once entangled in actual policymaking, Pentecostal praxis discredits self-images of superiority in politics.
Un cas particulier de franc-parler (παρρησία)
Authors: Aubert-Baillot Sophie
Published: February 2015

This article tackles a significant theme that surfaces occasionally in Stoicism: the claim that “the sage will speak direct words” (euthurrhemonesei). It explores euthurrhemosune as a Cynic and Laconizing topos in Stoicism, probably going back to Zeno himself, but developed by Diogenes of Babylon as something distinctively wholesome—linguistically and ethically—in Stoic style of expression, and then attacked from a Platonic and Academic stance by Cicero, at a time when some among the Stoics themselves began distancing themselves from their Cynic heritage, as notably Panaetius. Finally, the connection between euthurrhemosune and parrhesia on the one hand, suntomia and brachylogia on the other is also examined from an ethical and stylistic point of view.
Intra-cardiac echocardiography in alcohol septal ablation: a prospective comparative study against trans-thoracic echocardiography
Authors: Cooper Robert M. , Shahzad Adeel , Newton James , Vejlstrup Niels , Axelsson Anna , Sharma Vishal , Ormerod Oliver , Stables Rodney H.
Published: February 2015

Alcohol septal ablation (ASA) in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy reduces left ventricular outflow tract gradients. A third of patients do not respond; inaccurate localisation of the iatrogenic infarct can be responsible. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) using myocardial contrast can be difficult in the laboratory environment. Intra-cardiac echocardiography (ICE) provides high-quality images. We aimed to assess ICE against TTE in ASA. The ability of ICE and TTE to assess three key domains (mitral valve (MV) anatomy and systolic anterior motion, visualisation of target septum, adjacent structures) was evaluated in 20 consecutive patients undergoing ASA. Two independent experts scored paired TTE and ICE images off line for each domain in both groups. The ability to see myocardial contrast following septal arterial injection was also assessed by the cardiologist performing ASA. In patients undergoing ASA, ICE was superior in viewing MV anatomy (P=0.02). TTE was superior in assessing adjacent structures (P=0.002). There was no difference in assessing target septum. Myocardial contrast: ICE did not clearly identify the area of contrast in 17/19 patients due to dense acoustic shadowing (8/19) and inadequate opacification of the myocardium (6/19). ICE only clearly localised contrast in 2/19 cases. ICE does not visualise myocardial contrast well and therefore cannot be used to guide ASA. TTE was substantially better at viewing myocardial contrast. There was no significant difference between ICE and TTE in the overall ability to comment on cardiac anatomy relevant to ASA.
Useful immunohistochemical indicators in canine mast cell tumours
Authors: Kandefer-Gola Małgorzata , Nowak Marcin , Madej Janusz , Dzimira Stanisław , Ciaputa Rafal , Janus Izabela
Published: February 2015

Morphological and immunohistochemical analysis of 45 canine mast cell tumours was performed to determine whether the proteins examined are useful for a more precise description of tumour morphology and a more reliable determination of the prognosis in patients. Tissue sections were stained according to the standard haematoxylin and eosin (HE) technique and with toluidine blue to demonstrate cytoplasmic granules. Immunohistochemical studies were performed, using the cell markers CD117 (c-kit), p16 and von Willebrand factor (FVIII). In CD117 three different staining patterns were observed: (1) membranous reaction, (2) intense staining of cytoplasm, and (3) a diffuse, delicate cytoplasmic reaction. Von Willebrand antibody was evaluated on the basis of the number of blood vessels stained. p16 expression was evaluated by scoring positive nuclear reaction. Positive expression was demonstrated for all examined antigens, but their level of expression differed depending on the grades of tumour malignancy. Statistical analysis of the results documented a pronounced positive correlation between the markers studied and the grade of tumour malignancy (P < 0.001). It was shown that each of the cell markers examined represents a useful prognostic indicator for patients with mast cell tumours. The calculated correlation coefficients demonstrate a strong association between the expressions of CD117, FVIII and p16, and the histological malignancy of a tumour.
Effects of monosodium-L-glutamate administration on serum levels of reproductive hormones and cholesterol, epididymal sperm reserves and testicular histomorphology of male albino rats
Authors: Ochiogu Izuchukwu , Ogwu David , Uchendu Chukwuka , Okoye Chidozie , Ihedioha John , Mbegbu Edmund
Published: February 2015

This study investigated the effects of administration of monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) on serum gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinising hormone (LH), testosterone and total cholesterol (TC), cauda epididymal sperm reserves (CESR) and testicular histomorphology of adult male albino rats. Eighty-four rats, randomly assigned to 7 groups of 12 rats each, were used for the study. Varying low doses (0.25, 0.50 or 1.00 g/kg body weight) of MSG were administered orally or subcutaneously at 48-h intervals for six weeks. Serum GnRH, LH, testosterone and TC, and CESR were evaluated on days 14, 28 and 42 of MSG administration. Testicular histomorphology was evaluated on day 42. The results showed that the mean serum GnRH, LH and testosterone levels, and the CESR of all the treated groups were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of the untreated control on days 14, 28 and 42 of MSG administration. The mean serum TC levels of all the treated groups were also significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of the control group on days 14 and 28. No lesions were observed on sections of the testes. It was concluded that MSG administration for 14, 28 and 42 days led to significantly lower serum levels of GnRH, LH, testosterone and TC, and significantly lower CESR.
Photoactive film by covalent immobilization of a bacterial photosynthetic protein on reduced graphene oxide surface
Authors: Tangorra Rocco Roberto , Antonucci Alessandra , Milano Francesco , Operamolla Alessandra , Italiano Francesca , Ragni Roberta , Omar Omar Hassan , Salice Patrizio , Silvestrini Simone , Menna Enzo , Maggini Michele , Agostiano Angela , Trotta Massimo , Farinola Gianluca M.
Published: February 2015

Covalent functionalization of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with the photosynthetic reaction center (RC) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides R26 via click chemistry reaction has been performed. The hybrid system was characterized by flash photolysis and infrared spectroscopy and the RC was found to retain its photoactivity and structural integrity. The strategy is applicable for the fabrication of hybrid bio-electronic devices capable of absorbing and converting solar energy.
Degradation in aluminum resonant optical rod antennas
Authors: Schwab Patrick M. , Moosmann Carola , Dopf Katja , Ilin Konstantin S. , Siegel Michael , Lemmer Uli , Eisler Hans-Juergen
Published: February 2015

Resonant optical rod antennas are made from aluminum using electron-beam lithography and are optically characterized by linear dark-field microscopy and nonlinear multi-photon luminescence spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that by exciting close to the interband transition of aluminum at about 1.5 eV different radiative decay channels can be addressed. Over a period of weeks, a slight spectral red-shift and a decrease in the scattering intensity are observed due to the formation of a native oxide layer at the metal-air interface. To investigate the concurrent influence of shape transformation and dielectric environment on the spectral response function we carry out numerical calculations using finite difference time domain (FDTD) methods. It is found that the induced energy shift is mainly determined by the change of the dielectric constant in the nanovicinity resulting in an overall red-shift as seen in the experiment. These findings allow for a better understanding of designing and modeling plasmonic aluminum nanostructures for e.g. UV sensing where the shift in peak resonance and linewidth are key observables.
Fluctuation Electron Microscopy Study of Medium-Range Packing Order in Ultrastable Indomethacin Glass Thin Films
Authors: He L. , Gujral A. , Ediger M. D. , Voyles P. M.
Published: February 2015

We have used fluctuation electron microscopy (FEM) to measure the medium range order in the molecular packing of 40 nm thick indomethacin glass films. Vapor deposition of indomethacin can create glasses with extraordinary kinetic stability and high density. We find peaks in the FEM variance at diffraction vector magnitudes between 0.03 and 0.09 Å-1, corresponding to intermolecular packing distances of 1-3 nm. FEM experiments were performed with a 13 nm diameter electron probe, so these data are sensitive to medium-range order in intermolecular packing. The FEM variance from an indomethacin glass with normal stability cooled from the liquid is significantly smaller than the variance from the ultrastable glass, suggesting that ultrastable glass is more structurally heterogeneous at a 13 nm length scale. A dose of ∼7×105 e-/nm2 with a very low beam current of ∼ 2.5 pA at 200 kV was used to minimize electron beam damage to the sample, and the average electron diffraction from the sample is unchanged at total electron doses fourteen times larger than required for a FEM experiment. These preliminary results on medium-range order in molecular glasses suggest that we may be able to provide insight into the structural differences between the remarkable ultrastable thin films and ordinary glasses.
O estudo dos efeitos não intencionais da ação intencional na teoria sociológica
Authors: Higgins Silvio Salej
Published: February 2015

No século 18, os ilustrados escoceses identificaram o paradoxo que haveriam de enfrentar depois as ciências sociais: a história é feita pelos seres humanos, mas não obedece a um plano humano. Neste artigo, reconstruímos a colocação deste problema central na tradição da teoria sociológica. Partimos da análise de Adam Smith, em sua tentativa de construir uma ciência social da produção riqueza. Logo nos ocupamos das primeiras colocações de Robert K. Merton no domínio da teoria sociológica. Passamos revista à forma como Raymond Boudon analisa o problema do ponto de vista do individualismo metodológico e ao modo como Anthony Giddens incorpora este paradoxo na explicação da reprodução social. Em uma avaliação preliminar, apontamos as limitações do funcionalismo mertoniano, na hora de explicar os efeitos não intencionais da ação intencional, mas, ao mesmo tempo, ressaltamos que o individualismo metodológico não fornece um conceito alternativo de causalidade. No final, tornamos explícito o debate ideológico que desata este paradoxo entre sociologias estruturalistas e reducionistas.
Preemergence Control of Spotted Spurge (Chamaesyce maculata) with Flumioxazin as Influenced by Formulation and Activation Moisture
Authors: Wehtje Glenn , Yang Q. , Gilliam Charles H. , Murphy Anna-Marie , Fausey Jason
Published: February 2015

Flumioxazin is commonly used in nursery production for PRE weed control. Container nursery producers are of the opinion that the granular formulation is less effective than the sprayable formulation. Under the hypothesis that the granular formulation may require more water for activation, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the interaction of flumioxazin formulation, rate, and activation moisture for PRE control of spotted spurge in a pine-bark substrate. Experiment consisted of a factorial arrangement of four experimental variables; flumioxazin formulation (granular and spray), and flumioxazin rate (0.28 and 0.42 kg ai ha−1), substrate moisture level at the time of application (dry, medium, and wet), and after-application irrigation level (a single irrigation at 0.6, 1.3, 2.5, and 5.1 cm). Treated pots were seeded with spotted spurge 2 d after the herbicide application, which was 1 d after the first irrigation. Control as indicated by spotted spurge counts and fresh weight was influenced only by flumioxazin rate and formulation. The sprayable formulation provided excellent control regardless of rate. Granular formulation was generally less effective, and additional activation moisture did not improve efficacy. Further studies were conducted with the granular formulation to determine the maximum separation distance between the spotted spurge seed and herbicide prills at which control is possible. Individual prills and spotted spurge seeds were placed on media surface at progressively increasing separation distances. Nonlinear regression of seedling survival data revealed that ≥99% control required a prill–seed separation of ≤5.2 mm. This prill–seed separation requirement is only marginally obtained with the current registered rate, i.e., 0.42 kg ai ha−1 or 168 kg product ha−1. The relationship between control and prill–seed separation distance cannot be manipulated by additional activation moisture. Inadequate contact between the spotted spurge seeds and the flumoioxazin-containing prills is likely the sole cause of inadequate control.
Control of Volunteer Glyphosate-Resistant Canola in Glyphosate-Resistant Sugar Beet
Authors: Kumar Vipan , Jha Prashant
Published: February 2015

Occurrence of glyphosate-resistant (GR) canola volunteers in GR sugar beet is a management concern for growers in the Northern Great Plains. Field experiments were conducted at the Southern Agricultural Research Center near Huntley, MT, in 2011 and 2012 to evaluate effective herbicide programs to control volunteer GR canola in GR sugar beet. Single POST application of triflusulfuron methyl alone at the two-leaf stage of sugar beet was more effective at 35 compared with 17.5 g ai ha−1. However, rate differences were not evident when triflusulfuron methyl was applied as a sequential POST (two-leaf followed by [fb] six-leaf stage of sugar beet) program (17.5 fb 17.5 or 35 fb 35 g ha−1). Volunteer GR canola plants in the sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatments produced little biomass (11 to 15% of nontreated plots) but a significant amount of seeds (160 to 661 seeds m−2). Ethofumesate (4,200 g ai ha−1) PRE followed by sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl (17.5 or 35 g ha−1) provided effective control (94 to 98% at 30 d after treatment [DAT]), biomass reduction (97%), and seed prevention of volunteer GR canola. There was no additional advantage of adding either desmedipham + phenmedipham + ethofumesate premix (44.7 g ha−1) or ethofumesate (140 g ha−1) to the sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–only treatments. The sequential POST ethofumesate-only (140 fb 140 g ha−1) treatment provided poor volunteer GR canola control at 30 DAT, and the noncontrolled plants produced 6,361 seeds m−2, which was comparable to the nontreated control (7,593 seeds m−2). Sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatments reduced GR sugar beet root and sucrose yields to 18 and 20%, respectively. Consistent with GR canola control, sugar beet root and sucrose yields were highest (95 and 91% of hand-weeded plots, respectively) when the sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatments were preceded by ethofumesate (4,200 g ha−1) PRE. Growers should utilize these effective herbicide programs to control volunteer GR canola in GR sugar beet. Because of high canola seed production potential, as evident from this research, control efforts should be aimed at preventing seed bank replenishment of the GR canola volunteers.
The Role of Smoking Status on the Progression-Free Survival of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Harboring Activating Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Mutations Receiving First-Line EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Versus Platinum Doublet Chemotherapy: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Randomized Trials
Authors: Hasegawa Yoshikazu , Ando Masahiko , Maemondo Makoto , Yamamoto Satomi , Isa Shun-ichi , Saka Hideo , Kubo Akihito , Kawaguchi Tomoya , Takada Minoru , Rosell Rafael , Kurata Takayasu , Ou Sai-Hong Ignatius
Published: February 2015

Background.

Univariate analyses from several randomized phase III trials seemed to suggest ever-smokers with advanced mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRm) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) did not seem to benefit from EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as first-line treatment when compared with platinum-doublet chemotherapy as measured by progression-free survival (PFS).

Methods.

A literature-based meta-analysis of PFS outcomes as measured by log-transformed pooled hazard ratio (HR) was performed using a random-effect model. Pooled HRs for smoking status, age, gender, ethnicity, type of EGFR mutation, and EGFR TKI were obtained. Comparison of the pooled HR was performed by metaregression analysis.

Results.

Among the 1,649 EGFRm NSCLC patients analyzed from 7 prospective randomized trials (WJTOG3405, NEJ002, EURTAC, OPTIMAL, LUX Lung-3, LUX Lung-6, and ENSURE), 83.7% were Asians, and 30.0% were ever-smokers. An equal percentage of ever-smokers received doublet chemotherapy (30.2%) or EGFR TKI (30.0%). The pooled HR for PFS was 0.29 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21–0.39) for never-smokers and 0.54 (95% CI: 0.38–0.76) for ever-smokers (p < .007 by metaregression). The pooled PFS HR for exon 19 deletion was 0.25 (95% CI: 0.19–0.31) and 0.44 for exon 21 substitution (95% CI: 0.34–0.57) (p < .001 by metaregression analysis). The pooled PFS HR was 0.33 (95% CI: 0.24–0.46) for Asians and 0.48 for non-Asians (95% CI: 0.28–0.84) (p = .261 by metaregression analysis).

Conclusion.

EGFRm NSCLC patients derived significant PFS benefit from TKI over platinum-doublet chemotherapy as first-line treatment regardless of smoking status; however, PFS benefit is significantly better in never-smokers by metaregression analysis.
In Reply
Authors: Kenjale Aarti A. , Jones Lee W.
Published: February 2015

The primary goal is to ensure that exercise training is safe for all cancer patients without creating unnecessary barriers to exercise participation. On the basis of the study findings, the conclusion that exercise testing does not need to be an aspect of pre-exercise clearance for the majority of cancer patients remains appropriate. Nevertheless, these findings are preliminary, and it is hoped that they will stimulate further work.
Immunohistochemical Validation of Overexpressed Genes Identified by Global Expression Microarrays in Adrenocortical Carcinoma Reveals Potential Predictive and Prognostic Biomarkers
Authors: Ip Julian C.Y. , Pang Tony C.Y. , Glover Anthony R. , Soon Patsy , Zhao Jing Ting , Clarke Stephen , Robinson Bruce G. , Gill Anthony J. , Sidhu Stan B.
Published: February 2015

Background.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to identify novel protein signatures that would predict clinical outcomes in a large cohort of patients with ACC based on data from previous gene expression microarray studies.

Materials and Methods.

A tissue microarray was generated from the paraffin tissue blocks of 61 patients with clinical outcomes data. Selected protein biomarkers based on previous gene expression microarray profiling studies were selected, and immunohistochemistry staining was performed. Staining patterns were correlated with clinical outcomes, and a multivariate analysis was undertaken to identify potential biomarkers of prognosis.

Results.

Median overall survival was 45 months, with a 5-year overall survival rate of 44%. Median disease-free survival was 58 months, with a 5-year disease-free survival rate of 44%. The proliferation marker Ki-67 and DNA topoisomerase TOP2A were associated with significantly poorer overall and disease-free survival. The results also showed strong correlation between the transcriptional repressor EZH2 and TOP2A expression, suggesting a novel role for EZH2 as an additional marker of prognosis. In contrast, increased expression of the BARD1 protein, with its ubiquitin ligase function, was associated with significantly improved overall and disease-free survival, which has yet to be documented for ACC.

Conclusion.

We present novel biomarkers that assist in determining prognosis for patients with ACC. Ki-67, TOP2A, and EZH2 were all significantly associated with poorer outcomes, whereas BARD1 was associated with improved overall survival. It is hoped that these biomarkers may help tailor additional therapy and be potential targets for directed therapy.
The determinants of subprime mortgage performance following a loan modification
Authors: Schmeiser Maximilian D. , Gross Matthew B.
Published: February 2015

We examine the evolution of mortgage modification terms obtained by distressed subprime borrowers during the recent housing crisis, and the effect of the various types of modifications on the subsequent loan performance. Using the CoreLogic LoanPerformance dataset that contains detailed loan level information on mortgages, modification terms, second liens, and home values, we estimate a discrete time proportional hazard model with competing risks to examine the determinants of post-modification mortgage outcomes. We find that principal reductions are particularly effective at improving loan outcomes, as high loan-to-value ratios are the single greatest contributor to re-default and foreclosure. However, any modification that reduces total payment and interest (P&I) reduces the likelihood of subsequent re-default and foreclosure. Modifications that involve increasing the loan principal—primarily through capitalized interest and fees—are more likely to fail, even controlling for changes in P&I.
Fabricación de bloques de tierra comprimida con adición de residuos de construcción y demolición como reemplazo del agregado pétreo convencional
Authors: Vásquez Hernandez Alejandro , Botero Botero Luis Fernando , Carvajal Arango David
Published: February 2015

El presente artículo plantea una alternativa que contribuye a dar un paso hacia el ciclo continuo Reciclaje-Fabricación-Uso-Reciclaje, a partir de contemplar la posibilidad de entender los residuos como materia prima de nuevos procesos, disminuyendo a su vez la extracción de materiales. Para ello se propone la fabricación de bloques de tierra comprimida a partir de la utilización de la tierra resultante del proceso de excavación y la adición de Residuos de Construcción y Demolición (RCD) como agregado, sustituyendo la totalidad del agregado tradicionalmente utilizado. Los bloques con adición RCD, cumplieron con las especificaciones físicas y mecánicas establecidas por la Norma Técnica Colombiana.
Diseño y construcción de un teslámetro digital embebido para la caracterización magnética de materiales
Authors: Velásquez A A , Baena Rodríguez Juliana , Gutiérrez Loaiza Yhefferson Fernando
Published: February 2015

Se presenta el diseño, construcción y validación de un teslámetro digital embebido, para uso en experimentos de caracterización magnética de materiales por métodos inductivos y estáticos. El teslámetro se compone de un transductor de efecto Hall THS119 de tipo planar, con salida diferencial y ajustable a diferentes rangos de medida, un amplificador de instrumentación INA129P con ganancia ajustable y un microcontrolador PIC16F873A con convertidor ADC de 10 bits para el procesamiento digital de los datos, visualización de las medidas en una pantalla de cristal líquido, almacenamiento y transferencia de los datos al computador vía puerto serie. El sistema es adaptable a transductores de campo magnético con salida simple o diferencial y con diferentes rangos de medida; es sensible a cambios en la intensidad y la polaridad del campo magnético aplicado y cuenta con una sensibilidad efectiva de 5,0 V/T e incertidumbre de 0.5 10−3T para el transductor de efecto Hall THS119. El prototipo desarrollado fue comparado con un teslámetro comercial PHYWE 13610.90.
Simulación de eventos discretos y líneas de balance, aplicadas al mejoramiento del proceso constructivo de la cimentación de un edificio
Authors: Gómez Cabrera Adriana , Quintana Pulido Natalia , Ávila Díaz Jorge Orlando
Published: February 2015

El objeto de este trabajo fue establecer propuestas de mejoramiento al proceso de planeación de tiempos y costos en la etapa de cimentación de un edificio, a partir de la integración de herramientas como simulación de eventos discretos, programación con líneas de balance y metodologías Building Information Modeling - BIM. A partir de mediciones en campo se levantó información para la elaboración de un modelo de simulación de eventos discretos que imitara el proceso constructivo real. Se propusieron y modelaron alternativas de mejora, a partir de los principios de la filosofía Lean Construction y la programación de líneas de balance encontrando reducciones en tiempo y costo. También se realizó la animación virtual de las alternativas a partir de metodologías BIM. Se concluye que la integración de las herramientas utilizadas es de gran utilidad en la planeación y toma de decisiones en un proyecto civil.
DESTINAÇÃO DO LIXO DOMÉSTICO E AGRÍCOLA EM PROPRIEDADES RURAIS DO MUNICÍPIO DE CASTILHO-SP
Authors: Arante de Souza Aparecida Brunetti , Luís de Carvalho Sérgio , Checon Freitas Lima Elizete Aparecida
Published: February 2015

Nome (s) do Orientador (a) (s) Sérgio Luís de Carvalho Aparecida Brunetti Arante de Souza   Instituição ou Empresa Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Faculdade de Engenharia Campus de Ilha Solteira   Instituição (s) de Fomento Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Faculdade de Engenharia Campus de Ilha Solteira   E-mail de contato aparecidabrunetti@yahoo.com.br   Palavras-chave Percepção ambiental. Descarte. Resíduos.
ATIVIDADE LABORAL DO CORTE DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR
Authors: Medina Benini Sandra , Medina Benini Elisângela
Published: February 2015

.
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES E ENSINO DE DIDÁTICA: PERSPECTIVAS DE NOVAS REFLEXÕES NO AMBIENTE SÓCIO-EDUCACIONAL E POLÍTICO NO INTERIOR DO ESTADO DO AMAZONAS
Authors: Vieira dos Santos Ademar , Vieira dos Santos Samara , César Brito Vieira Francisco , De Oliveira Santos Doriedson
Published: February 2015

.
RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL E SUSTENTABILIDADE NA INDÚSTRIA EXTRATIVISTA DO PARÁ: O CASO DA BAUXITA EM JURUTI
Authors: Maria de Mattos Donadelli Flávia , Paulo Cândia Veiga João , Brandão Rodrigo
Published: February 2015

.
ASPECTOS GERAIS ACERCA DA POLUIÇÃO SONORA
Authors: Fernandes Davi Cruz
Published: February 2015

O presente trabalho aborda os aspectos norteadores que envolvem a poluição sonora, tais quais seus danos à saúde em seres humanos, seus limites legais, suas fontes de ruído, a competência para legislar no caso concreto e os aspectos penais envolvidos e abordados nas leis de crimes ambientais e de contravenções penais.
SANEAMENTO BÁSICO E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A QUALIDADE DE VIDA NOS ASSENTAMENTOS DO MUNICÍPIO DE TEODORO SAMPAIO - SP
Authors: Santana André Turin , Luvizotto Caroline Kraus , Cuba Renata Medici Frayne Cuba
Published: February 2015

Assentamentos rurais são empreendimentos do Governo Federal onde propriedades rurais latifundiárias são desapropriadas e divididas em lotes concedidos a diversas famílias de trabalhadores rurais, com objetivo de proporcionar às famílias o alcance de maior igualdade social, melhor distribuição do poder político, melhorias de ordem econômica e uma boa qualidade de vida. Para alcançar tais objetivos os assentamentos exigem planejamento e o fornecimento de infraestrutura básica. Mas o que se observa com freqüência nos assentamentos rurais da reforma agrária Brasileira, é que na maioria das vezes, não apresentam condições favoráveis de infraestrutura e principalmente de saneamento básico, impactando diretamente na qualidade de vida da comunidade assentada, visto que, somente a conquista da terra não proporciona qualidade de vida. A cidade de Teodoro Sampaio situada na região do Pontal do Paranapanema - SP é atualmente conhecida como a “capital da Reforma Agrária”, frente à relevante importância no cenário da reforma agrária. Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir acerca da relação entre o saneamento básico e a qualidade de vida nos assentamentos rurais da reforma agrária do município de Teodoro Sampaio. Após o estudo, que utilizou a pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa documental, compreendeu-se que é inegável a importância dos serviços de saneamento básico para assegurar a qualidade de vida, e como objeto de reflexão, os assentamentos rurais de Teodoro Sampaio mostram o que acontece na maioria dos assentamentos brasileiros com a falta de infraestrutura e saneamento básico.
AVALIAÇÕES PRELIMINARES DA TOXICIDADE AGUDA DO PESTICIDA FIPRONIL AOS ROTÍFEROS ASPLANCHNA SIEBOLDI, BRACHIONUS CAUDATUS E LEPADELLA PATELLA.
Authors: Moreira Raquel Aparecida , Santos Renata Martins dos , Rocha Odete
Published: February 2015

Fipronil é um pesticida fenilpirazólico amplamente utilizado como defensivo agrícola nas culturas de cana-de açucar contra insetos-praga. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a toxicidade aguda do agrotóxico fipronil à biota de água doce, utilizando os rotíferos Asplanchna sieboldi, Brachionus caudatus e Lepadella patella como organismos-teste. Estes rotíferos foram obtidos de amostras de plâncton da Represa de Guarapiranga, situada em São Paulo, SP. Os testes de toxicidade foram realizados utilizando-se o produto comercial Regente 800 WG ® cujo princípio ativo é o fipronil. Para A. sieboldi as concentrações testadas foram: 1,56, 3,12, 6,25 e 12,5 mg L-1, para B. caudatus e L. patella 12,5, 25, 50 e 100 mg L-1. Os valores obtidos para a CL50 - 48h de fipronil foram: 10,65 mg L-1 para A. sieboldi e de 39,69  mg L-1 para B. caudatus. O rotífero L. patella não sobreviveu em nenhuma das concentrações testadas. Comparando-se as espécies, concluiu-se que L. patella foi a mais sensível ao fipronil e que A. sieboldi é menos sensível que B. caudatus. O importante papel que os rotíferos desempenham na comunidade zooplanctônica dos corpos de água tropicais tornam imprescindíveis a realização de estudos que abordem aspectos biológicos e ecotoxicológicos em seus ciclos de vida, os quais são ainda incipientes. O fato das espécies estudadas apresentarem alta sensibilidade, além de possuirem elevada taxa reprodutiva e curta longevidade, sugere que espécies deste grupo poderão ser uma ferramenta importante como organismos-teste na avaliação da toxicidade deste e de outros agrotóxicos, visando a obtenção de subsídios para ações voltadas à preservação da diversidade da biota aquática.
ALIMENTO ORGÂNICO, SAÚDE E MEIO AMBIENTE: OS DESAFIOS DA ALIMENTAÇÃO NATURAL.
Authors: Arana Alba Regina Azevedo , Lima Anderson Murilo de
Published: February 2015

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo discutir a alimentação orgânica e a alimentação saudável apresentando os benefícios para o meio ambiente e a saúde humana. Em contraposição faz uma abordagem sobre a alimentação advinda da agricultura convencional calcada na forte utilização de agroquímicos e seus impactos na saúde do homem, sendo tema de relevância para o novo contexto agrícola dos modos de produção que respeita as leis da natureza abordando a relação alimentação x saúde. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de pesquisas já realizadas confrontadas com informações de pesquisa bibliográfica. Pode-se observar o importante papel desempenhado pela participação das instituições públicas, comunidades locais e setores econômicos na implementação de projetos e ações para uma alimentação saudavel.  Contudo, as estatísticas apresentam a larga utilização de agroquímicos e seus efeitos na saúde humana. O principal resultado do PARA - Programa de Análise de Resíduos de Agrotóxicos em Alimentos é a evidência da necessidade de desenvolver um planejamento estratégico que possa reduzir os efeitos nocivos do uso dos agrotóxicos, tanto para a saúde humana como para o meio ambiente.
LIXÃO INATIVO DA CIDADE DE ILHA SOLTEIRA: ANÁLISE AMBIENTAL E PROPOSTA DE REMEDIAÇÃO
Authors: Cavazzana Larissa Yumi , Schiapati Rafaela Souza
Published: February 2015

Nome (s) do Orientador (a) (s) Jairo Salim Pinheiro de Lima   Instituição ou Empresa Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”   Instituição (s) de Fomento   E-mail de contato lyumic@gmail.com   Palavras-chave Remediação. Lixão. Resíduos Sólidos.
TOXICIDADE AGUDA DO AGROTÓXICO CARBOFURANO AO CLADÓCERO CERIODAPHNIA SILVESTRII DADAY, 1902
Authors: Da Silva Mansano Adrislaine , Aparecida Moreira Raquel , Rocha Odete
Published: February 2015

RESUMO: Nos últimos anos o aumento do consumo de agrotóxicos em todo o mundo tem preocupado agências nacionais e internacionais em decorrência dos diversos impactos ambientais e das sérias implicações à saúde humana. Dentre os agrotóxicos, o carbofurano é utilizado amplamente no Brasil em culturas de batata, milho, amendoim, arroz e soja. Como existe o risco deste composto ser carreado por diversos mecanismos até os corpos d’água e causar toxicidade a espécies não-alvo, é necessária a avaliação dos seus efeitos nestes ecossistemas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a toxicidade aguda do carbofurano sobre a espécie nativa tropical Ceriodaphnia silvestrii. Para isso, realizaram-se testes de toxicidade aguda, com concentrações nominais deste agrotóxico. Para o dafinídeo C. silvestrii, os valores de CE50 24 h e CE50 48 h foram de 1,80 µg L-1 e 0,75 µg L-1, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que C. silvestrii apresentou elevada sensibilidade ao agrotóxico carbofurano e foi mais sensível do que as espécies de cladóceros de regiões temperadas, de acordo com os dados da literatura. Considerando-se estes resultados e da ampla distribuição de C. silvestrii em regiões tropicais e subtropicais, sugere-se o uso desta espécie em avaliações ecotoxicológicas com agrotóxicos em águas doces tropicais.   Palavras-chave: Microcrustáceo. Pesticida. Toxicidade.
EMPREGO DE AQUECEDORES DE ÁGUA DE BAIXO CUSTO PARA REALIZAÇÃO DA ROTINA HIGIÊNICA EM ORDENHA MANUAL DE LEITE BOVINO
Authors: Choueri Matheus , Gabriel Camila Pires Cremasco , Gabriel Filho Luís Roberto Almeida , Viais Neto Daniel dos Santos
Published: February 2015

O Pequeno produtor de leite bovino tem grande dificuldade em adequar sua produção aos parâmetros da Instrução Normativa no. 51 pela necessidade de alto investimento em equipamentos de aquecimento de água que deve ser utilizada na rotina higiênica da produção. A qualidade do leite é definida por fatores relativos ao manejo dos animais (sanidade e alimentação) e práticas de higiene antes, durante e depois da ordenha. Parte desse processo de higiene é realizada com água de qualidade boa em temperatura fria e quente (50 – 60ºC) aquecida por energia usual (elétrica e gás GLP), para limpeza dos aparelhos e utensílios utilizados na ordenha, o que interfere nos resultados financeiros do produtor. O presente trabalho preocupou-se em utilizar uma proposta de aquecimento da água através da implantação de sistemas híbridos de aquecedores (elétrico-solar, elétrico-gás ou solar-gás) na unidade produtiva. Foram utilizadas análises microbiológicas em amostras de leite coletados após a lavagem dos utensílios de ordenha manual ser realizada utilizando água aquecida pelos sistemas apresentados. Os resultados das análises laboratoriais apresentaram considerável redução no NMP/mL de leite para Coliformes a 35 ºC para as amostras não pasteurizadas colhidas após a realização das lavagens dos materiais de ordenha manual ser realizada utilizando água aquecida pelo sistema híbrido composto pelo aquecedor solar e pelo aquecedor a gás. Este tipo de sistema de aquecimento de água permite aos pequenos produtores de leite adequarem-se a IN 51, com baixo custo de investimento principalmente em localidades desprovidas de fornecimento de energia elétrica.     Palavras-chave: Aquecimento de água. Ordenha manual. Produção de leite
USO DA TERRA NO ENTORNO DA REPRESA CAJARANA - DISTRITO DE SÃO PEDRO EM GARANHUNS – PE
Authors: Morais Lídia Vilela de , Amador Maria Betânia Moreira
Published: February 2015

O uso da terra é de fundamental importância quando se pensa o espaço agrário. Assim, esse trabalho, sob o ponto de vista ambiental, se debruça sobre as atividades que são desenvolvidas em torno da barragem Cajarana, Distrito de São Pedro, Garanhuns – PE e fazem refletir acerca da consciência ambiental da comunidade que lá vive e pratica a agropecuária. O objetivo principal desse trabalho é oferecer elementos que sirvam a reflexão da situação atual do referido espaço. A metodologia utilizada pautou-se em pesquisa bibliográfica sobre tópicos como uso da terra, agrotóxicos, geografia agrária, geografia de Pernambuco, além de um reconhecimento de campo onde se usou como recurso adicional a fotografia para registro de elementos da paisagem. Os resultados são apresentados em caráter descritivo e reflexivo, contextualizados no tempo e no espaço, de forma a gerar um quadro representativo do que se percebeu como falta de conhecimento com o ambiente e sustentabilidade das atividades desenvolvidas, basicamente agricultura de subsistência mas que se torna mais grave pela implantação recente de plantios de tomate, os quais requerem o uso de agrotóxicos  usados sem nenhum critério em relação ao ambiente, em especial tornando-se um gerador de poluição para as águas da barragem Cajarana.       Palavras-chave: Uso do Solo. Represa Cajarana. Impacto Ambiental.
Стемовые мультиплеты: новый подход к описанию третичных мотивов РНК
Authors: Баулин Е.Ф. , Baulin E.F.
Published: February 2015

We present an approach allowing one to describe complex fragments of RNA tertiary structure. The approach is based on the definition of a stem multiplet, i.e. a structural element
formed by two or more interacting stems. Using previously developed database of RNA structures (http://server3.lpm.org.ru/urs/) we have revealed all stem multiplets presented in
the PDB database.