bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Organizational Commitment on Intention to Leave among Nurses: A Quantitative Study of Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA)
Authors: Alhorani Azmi , Alkhraishi Mohammed Yousef , Ndhlovu Windy Mankone , Chetty Roobasoundhrie , Hamud ZamZam
Published: December 2024

Background: Healthcare industry pursues in retaining customers to provide them with best health services and in return gained revenue through their staff support and exceptional performance, this created challenges for the organization due to demanding work schedule and emotional stress while delivering patient care, hence higher tendency levels to withdraw from the organization exist.
Aim: The primary objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between organizational commitment (OC) and intention to leave (IL) in the health care sector, with the focus on how these factors affect employee retention and by influencing their job satisfaction. The focus of this study was to investigate the role of toxic work environment (TWE) as a potential mediator in the relationship between OC and IL.
Method: A quantitative descriptive cross sectional design was used targeting the largest healthcare company employees in United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi healthcare company –SEHA), 367 participants responded to the questionnaire. SmartPLS and SPSS 26 version used to analyze the data.
Findings: The statistical analysis of the study revealed significant findings, which showed that organizational commitment (OC) negatively influences intention to leave (IL) with a beta coefficient (β) of -0.545 and a p-value which is less than 0.05, and likewise affects a toxicity negatively -0.411, p factory (TWE) where β is < 0.05. Furthermore, TWE has been shown to significantly influence IL (β = 0.529, p < 0.05) and mediate the relationship between OC and IL.
Conclusion: OC impacts the IL in different ways and at different levels. Yet, there needs to be more research investigating the correlation between these two variables in the health sector. The relationship between OC and IL requires further elucidation. This study evaluated the mediation influence of the TWE notion, which helps employees feel safe and comfortable.
РОДИТЕЛЬСКИЕ ОЖИДАНИЯ И ПРЕДПОЧТЕНИЯ КАК ЭМПИРИЧЕСКИЙ ИНСТРУМЕНТ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ СИСТЕМЫ ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ (ДО) ДЕТЕЙ
Authors: Соткина Светлана , Прохорова Ирина , Тулупова Оксана
Published: December 2024

Аналитический отчет представляет результаты изучения запроса родителей обучающихся на уровне начального и основного общего образования в общеобразовательных организациях г. Нижнего Новгорода на содержание, результаты и способы получения их детьми дополнительного образования. Исследование проводилось в форме онлайн анкетирования, выборка составила 1000 респондентов. В рамках исследования также изучалось отношение родительского сообщества к предложениям Нижегородского государственного педагогического университета имени Козьмы Минина (Мининского университета) по организации дополнительного образования детей, разработанным в рамках проекта "Самореализация молодежи как основа благополучия региона" программы стратегического академического лидерства "Приоритет 2030"
Guarantees of security for Ukraine: unlearned lessons of the Budapest Memorandum
Authors: Radovetska L.V.
Published: December 2024

In the context of the war unleashed by the russian federation in Ukraine, the issues of national security and state security have acquired a remarkable scale of acuteness, actualized the expediency of both rethinking the current security documents and complex approaches to the issues of regulatory and legal security provision, became an impetus for the initiation of new processes related to the search for some new, more effective and efficient security guarantees for Ukraine. The proposed article raises an urgent problem in modern science and practice, in particular, the theory of law and the law of national security, international law, international relations - new regulatory security guarantees. Using the example of the Budapest Memorandum, a valid document on security guarantees, singned in 1994 in connection with Ukraine’s accession to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, its legal nature is analyzed, attention is focused on the fallacy of attributing it to such a source of law as normative and legal contract, its features are singled out precisely as an act of «soft law», its place among other sources of law in the national legal system of Ukraine as a political document is specified, is classified as an auxiliary source of law, which has properties under certain conditions to penetrate into the main sources of law, contributing to the main law sources in the security issues legal regulation. The author states the problem of the necessity to substantiate the effectiveness of such documents in national security issues regulation, in particular their ability to counter real threats in the context of the right to security. Analyzing complex approaches to the understanding of security guarantees, the author tries to understand the needs, possibilities and expediency of the search for optimal security guarantees, as well as potential threats that may arise due to a misunderstanding of the role and place of acts of «soft law» among other sources of law. In this regard, aspects of both legal and non-legal issues are highlighted, and legal issues are first of all detailed and analyzed. Options for solving legal problems related to security guarantees are offered, as well as prospects for their development.
Public assessment of the efficiency of the law enforcement body as a form of public control
Authors: Myroniuk R.V. , Kobko E.V.
Published: December 2024

The article examines the most effective methods and forms of public assessment of the effectiveness of the law enforcement agency as a form of public control.
An analysis of foreign experience in determining the system for assessing the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies has been carried out. Based on the analysis of foreign experience and domestic practice of public assessment of the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies, we will determine the most effective indicators of such activities, on which such an assessment should be based: 1) indicators of the effectiveness of the organizational work of the law enforcement agency (rational structure of the agency, which allows citizens to freely and equally apply for law enforcement services, the speed of taking measures, the degree of satisfaction of applicants and victims with the response of agency employees, the level of established interaction with other law enforcement agencies that perform relevant functions, such as the police and the prosecutor’s office); 2) indicators of the state of public safety and order (measures taken to prevent offenses and crimes, the presence of law enforcement officers in public places, the state of lighting of territories and their video recording, the speed of prompt response to citizens’ appeals and the arrival of a law enforcement representative at the scene); 3) the state of crime (quantitative and qualitative data on registered criminal and administrative offenses within the service area or the specifics of the activities of a separate unit, the percentage of their detection and investigation, dynamics with the previous period); 4) indicators of the quality of administrative services provided by a law enforcement agency (availability of ASNs, service centers, tact and tolerance of their employees, efficiency and completeness of service provision) 4) indicators of the professional level of law enforcement agency personnel (number of specialists in the organizational structure of the agency, staff turnover, level of professional training and retraining, general skills, knowledge and compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents, attentiveness and friendliness in relations with citizens, etc.; 5) optimization of resource use (state of law enforcement activity by individual indicators: transport and information and technical means, special means, amount of financial support for certain categories of employees, social expenses); 6) the total percentage of the population satisfied with the quality of work of a law enforcement agency.
Conflict of interest: approaches to the implementation of the definition in the legislation of Ukraine
Authors: Tellis S.O.
Published: December 2024

The article continues the scientific and legal discourse surrounding the definition of «conflict of interests». The relevance of this topic stems from the growing incorporation of the concept into public administration systems in countries integrating into the international community. At the national level, mechanisms for preventing and managing conflicts of interest are developed by implementing international treaties and adopting methodological recommendations from international organizations, which provide the organizational and legal framework. However, the specific features of state governance and legal traditions influence how the concept is applied within a country’s existing political and legal system. While many scholars have explored the issue of conflicts of interest, the approach to its conceptual implementation within national legal frameworks, in our view, remains underdeveloped. The definition of «conflict of interests» and the approaches to its application in law-making and law-enforcement activities remain subjects of debate. This article examines current approaches to defining the definition of «conflict of interests» and explores modern strategies for creating a legal framework to address conflicts of interest in Ukraine. It also highlights the law­enforcement aspect of the issue. The article argues that the integration of anti-corruption laws with professional ethics standards into a unified legal system in Ukraine is largely declarative. Moreover, it is noted that the current legal definition of «conflict of interests» lacks the precision, clarity, and certainty required for legal norms. In conclusion, the article emphasizes that a clear conceptual understanding the definition of «conflict of interests» is essential for shaping national policies aimed at preventing and managing conflicts of interests. The article emphasizes the importance of mechanisms for regulating the professional behavior of officials as an essential aspect of the concept of conflict of interests.
Concept and legal nature of the principles of state regulation of virtual assets turnover
Authors: Tsukan S.V.
Published: December 2024

A prerequisite for the systemic development and consistent implementation of the state regulation of the turnover of virtual assets is to build a clear understanding of its underlying principles. Given the novelty, specificity and short history of development of this area of public relations, the study of aspects related to the concept and legal nature of the principles of state regulation of the circulation of virtual assets is becoming increasingly relevant.
The article examines the term «principle» and its meaning, and finds out that this category is defined by three components which are part of its content. It is indicated that the concept of principle is much broader than its legislative and regulatory expression.
The author establishes that the principles are based on public interests and needs which change and are formed independently of the legislator’s will. The main role in identifying these needs belongs to legal practice, which by its very nature is designed to respond promptly and quickly to changes in the field of law.
The author characterizes such elements of legal principles as principle, idea, provision, requirement and determines that although they are used as homogeneous concepts to characterize the concept of legal principle, they still have terminological differences which are important as they allow emphasizing the multidimensionality and complexity of the category of legal principles.
The author considers various approaches of scholars to the definition of the concept of principles of law. The author’s own definition of the principles of state regulation of virtual assets turnover is provided, which are understood as: norms-ideas, initial provisions enshrined, inter alia, in the legal acts which determine the content and direction of state regulation of virtual assets turnover and which have a targeted impact on the system of relations between all participants of the virtual assets market to maintain their balance.
The author examines the legal nature of the principles of state regulation. The author emphasizes that by their legal nature, unlike norms, the principles of state regulation of the turnover of virtual assets do not rigidly fix the content of behavior, and therefore are able to respond more quickly to changes in public life.
The author concludes that inclusion of the definition of the concept of the principles of state regulation of the circulation of virtual assets and the principles themselves in the national legal system will ensure the establishment of proper state regulation of the circulation of virtual assets.
The employee of an international defence company as a subject of a criminal offence
Authors: Popov G.V.
Published: December 2024

The article notes that today the issue of involvement of employees of private defence companies in the defence of sovereignty and repulsion of armed aggression s is also relevant for our country.
One of the most important issues is the grounds and procedure for bringing these employees to justice if their actions contain elements of a criminal offence.
The author points out that the purpose of the research is to identify the characteristic features of an employee of an international defence company as a subject of a criminal offence and to develop proposals in this area.
In accordance with the current legislation, military service is performed by: citizens of Ukraine - on a voluntary basis (under a contract), by assignment or by conscription; foreigners and stateless persons - on a voluntary basis (under a contract) in positions to be filled by servicemen and officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the State Special Transport Service and the National Guard of Ukraine.
Citizens of Ukraine, foreigners and stateless persons who perform military service are recognised as servicemen.
The article concludes that according to the specifics of activities of international defence companies, the proposed mechanism of legal regulation of their operation and the status of their employees, it is possible to state that the motioned employees are not currently recognised like a special subject of military criminal offences liable for which is provided in Section XIX of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, even if they carry out defence activities.
At the same time, taking into account the essence of the performed tasks and the nature of the legal relations in the unit (formation), as well as the status of the employees of the international defence company, it is advisable to make changes to certain provisions of the current national system of regulatory and legal acts. So, particulary, Part 1 of Art. 401 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is expedient to be worded as follows: «Military criminal offenses shall be recognized as criminal offenses provided for in this section against the procedure established by law for carrying out or completing military service, committed by military personnel, employees of an international defence company, who participate in the defence of the state and the repulsion of armed aggression (under conditions of special period or state of war), as well as conscripts and reservists during assembly».
A special period as a mandatory feature for qualification under Art. 114-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine
Authors: Yasynovskyi P.V.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the «special period» as a mandatory element of the crime provided for by Article 114-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. This feature affects the qualification of crimes related to obstructing the lawful activities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations.
In the conditions of constant terrorist threats and the events that took place on the territory of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine» dated April 8, 2014 introduced criminal liability for obstructing the lawful activities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations during a special period (Article 114-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), which is becoming more and more relevant nowadays. The term «special period» and «martial law» are increasingly being used at the legislative level.
It is important that from the moment of the announcement of the mobilization of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations, which were created in accordance with the law, they start functioning (with regard to the organization and states) according to the rules of wartime. And in a special period, the activity of military formations is primarily related to the fulfillment of their tasks, stipulated by the laws of Ukraine, in wartime. In addition, in a special period, it can be the activity of military formations after the end of hostilities in a partially reconstruction period.
A number of legislative, regulatory and legal acts and court decisions regarding criminal liability for obstructing the lawful activities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations during a special period have been analyzed. The main stages of the «special period» have been identified, which affect all spheres of society, in particular, the activities of state bodies, enterprises and citizens, and provide for a special mode of functioning of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. At the same time, a special period during martial law can be a circumstance that aggravates the punishment for committing a crime.
Therefore, when considering cases and choosing the type and measure of punishment for the accused, the courts must take into account the time period, the situation, the nature and degree of severity of the committed criminal offenses, mitigating and aggravating circumstances of the punishment when the crime was committed, etc.
Problems of appointment of expertise in the commission of environmental crimes
Authors: Lazebnyi A.M. , Demchuk M.V.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the theoretical foundations of forensic expertise, in particular forensic-ecological. The concept of forensic environmental examination and its features are considered. Forensic examination from the point of view of current criminal procedural legislation has been studied. The current legislation in the context of regulating the appointment and conduct of forensic environmental expertise under martial law is analyzed. Attention is focused on the purpose of forensic environmental examination, namely establishing a cause-and- effect relationship between the deterioration of human health and environmental pollution caused by anthropogenic activity.
The key legislative acts regulating the conduct of forensic environmental expertise are the Law of Ukraine «On Forensic Expertise», the Order of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine «On Approving the Instructions on the Appointment and Conduct of Forensic Expertise and Expert Research and Scientific Methodological Recommendations on the Preparation and Appointment of Forensic Expertise examinations and expert studies», Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine (hereinafter - CPC of Ukraine). These normative legal acts regulate the legal principles of conducting forensic environmental examination, defining the circle of subjects, their powers and duties, as well as the procedure for carrying out expert research.
It was investigated what special knowledge is used in the process of carrying out individual investigative actions and appointing a forensic environmental examination. It is analyzed how this knowledge is applied to the detection and investigation of crimes that harm the environment. It was concluded that thanks to this type of examination, the investigation and the court have the opportunity to obtain new information, which is of crucial importance for establishing the truth in the case, because these data cannot be obtained with the help of other procedural actions.
Attention is focused on the possibility of appointing forensic environmental expertise at various stages of criminal proceedings, which ensures a comprehensive and objective investigation of environmental crimes. It was emphasized that in connection with the worsening of the environmental situation in Ukraine, due to the effect of martial law, it became necessary to strengthen environmental control, in particular, to further develop from various points of science - environmental forensic examination.
Issues of application of paragraphs 4-1, 5 of Part 1 of Article 284 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine by the Supreme Court in respect of a convict who died before the completion of cassation proceedings
Authors: Lazorenko E.Y.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems which may arise at the stage of review by the Supreme Court of criminal proceedings in case of simultaneous existence of two legal facts which are the grounds for closing criminal proceedings: the expiration of the law which established the criminal unlawfulness of an act (clause 41, part 1, Article 284 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) and the death of a convicted person, but whose close relatives insisted on the deceased’s rehabilitation (clause 5, part 1, Article 284 of the CPC of Ukraine).
To achieve the purpose of this study, the author, using the systematic, generalising, comparative and analysis methods, has identified the common and distinctive features of both grounds for closing criminal proceedings provided for in clauses 41, 5 of Part 1 of Article 284 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The common features include the fact that they are non-rehabilitating in terms of the consequences for the convicted person; they are related to the occurrence of a legal fact: 1) adoption or amendment of the law of Ukraine on criminal liability and 2) death of the convicted person at the stage of cassation proceedings. The author identifies the will of a particular person to implement the principle of presumption of innocence as distinctive. In particular, for the court to make a decision based on clause 41 of Part 1 of Article 284 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, active (volitional) behaviour of the convict is required, while for the application of clauses 5 of Part 1 of Article 284 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, passive (conclusive) behaviour of the deceased convict’s close persons is sufficient. It is due to this difference that the author states that the Supreme Court has no right to close the proceedings based on clause 41 of Part 1 of Article 284 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine without the consent of the convicted person.
The article also examines the powers of the Supreme Court to continue the trial of proceedings aimed at rehabilitation of a deceased convict. The author emphasises that the cassation court cannot refuse to consider the application of the deceased’s relatives for rehabilitation only on the grounds that the act for which he/she was convicted was decriminalised by the legislator. In this regard, the author proposes appropriate amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
In addition, the author examined the existing limits of cassation proceedings within which the cassation court may conduct a criminal investigation and make decisions with a view to rehabilitating a convicted person.
The essence and system of international standards of the legal status of the defendant: from generally recognized principles to acts of "soft law"
Authors: Likhovitsky Ya.O.
Published: December 2024

The article carries out a comprehensive analysis of the essence and system of international standards of the legal status of the defendant. The problem of terminological uncertainty of the concept of «international standards» in the context of criminal proceedings and protection of the defendant’s rights is investigated. It is revealed that the absence of a single legal definition of this term and clear criteria for classifying norms as generally recognized creates significant obstacles to their effective application in practice.
Various doctrinal approaches to understanding international standards of the defendant’s rights are analyzed. It is established that in the scientific literature there is a tendency to identify international standards with various legal categories: human rights, obligations of states, principles of international law. The specifics of European standards as a special subcategory of international standards of the defendant’s rights are investigated.
The system of sources of international standards is determined, which includes generally recognized international documents (UN Charter, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1966 Covenants), regional standards and acts of «soft law». Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the recommendation documents of international organizations, which, despite the lack of binding legal force, play an important role in the development of the system of standards.
The main problems of the practical application of international standards are identified: the dispersion of norms in various international documents, theabsenceofauniversalinterpretation mechanism and the complexity of implementation in national legal systems. The differences between the European and universal systems of protection of the rights of the defendant are analyzed in the context of the availability of mechanisms for official interpretation of standards.
It is substantiated that compliance with international standards of the rights of the defendant is an important indicator of the democratization of society, the quality of relations between the individual and the state and the development of civil society. It is proposed to consider international standards as a dynamic system that is constantly evolving in accordance with the development of social relations and the needs for the protection of human rights.
Proposals are formulated to improve the mechanisms of implementation and interpretation of international standards, to increase the level of their understanding and application by lawyers in practice. Prospects for the development of the system of international standards of the rights of the defendant in the context of modern trends in international law are determined.
Fundamental principles of international law as organic laws of global society
Authors: Sirant M.
Published: December 2024

In today’s globalized world, international law plays a key role in establishing legal foundations for relations between states and international organizations. The fundamental principles of international law are their own organic laws that enforce the rules of behavior of subjects of international relations, ensure stability and predictability in the international system. These principles are the basis for regulating such important issues as ensuring peace, security, respect for human rights and state sovereignty.
The fundamental principles of international law are the basic rules that are mandatory for all subjects of international relations and are included in the general directions of their activities. in addition, they include principles such as state equality, non-interference in internal affairs, sovereign equality, peaceful settlement of disputes, prohibition of the use of force, respect for human rights, etc. These principles form the basis of international relations and are key to preventing conflicts and ensuring justice. The fundamental principles of international law have deep historical roots.
The formation began with the first interstate treaties, but the modern understanding arose after the Second World War, when the international community recognized the need to create a clear legal framework to support peace. The UN Charter, adopted in 1945, established the basic principles of international law, which became the basis for the further development of the international system. These principles of international law have an imperative character, which means that they are binding for all subjects of international relations.
This provision is due to their belonging to jus cogeny norms, which cannot be changed by mutual consent of the state. The principles that prohibit aggression or genocide are absolute and immutable, independent of nature.
Organic laws are laws that establish fundamental norms that have a decisive impact on the functioning of society. In the context of international law, fundamental principles provide the role of such organic laws, after which they adopt general rules for the maintenance of international order. Without preserving these principles, it is impossible to ensure stability and predictability in relations between states.
Of course, the fundamental principles of international law decide the role in ensuring peace and security in the world. The principle of non-interference in internal affairs guarantees the sovereignty of the state, preventing external influence on their politics. The principle of peaceful settlement of disputes is to complicate the resolution of conflicts through negotiations or other peaceful means, preventing the escalation of violence. These principles create legal mechanisms for sustainability at the international level.
Main types and types of document flow in institutions of post-graduate education in Ukraine
Authors: Shcherbai I.
Published: December 2024

The last third of the 20th century was marked by the transition of a number of countries to the information civilization, under which the majority of workers are employed in the field of information activities, and the main product of production and commodity is information. Currently, information has become the most important resource of society and has acquired strategic importance. Globalization of world processes, on the one hand, and deep socio-political and economic transformations that unfolded in the 1990s, on the other, created the prerequisites for Ukraine’s rapid entry into the global information space. In the new century, the future of our country will largely depend on how energetically and effectively it moves in this direction. Information processes actively affect all aspects of human life. The use of the latest information technologies multiplies this influence. Most of the information is recorded on various material media, contained in various documents. The role of information in the management process is particularly important - at all its levels and in all spheres: political, economic, scientific, cultural, etc. Documenting information, its search, processing, storage and transmission require significant financial, material, labor resources and time. Therefore, the organization of effective work with documents, improvement of all information and documentation processes both on the scale of society as a whole and at the level of individual enterprises, organizations, and institutions is an extremely important direction of management activity. In turn, qualified work with documented information requires a significant number of professionally trained specialists. The current stage of Ukraine’s development is characterized by a difficult and contradictory path of the country’s transition to a market economy. Without a doubt, the success of this transition largely depends on the effectiveness of the management structures of the market economy, whose activities are based on the production and use of information, a large part of which in any organization, as mentioned above, is concentrated in documents.
Legal construction and its types in the complex of elements of law-making technique
Authors: Lavrenko D.O.
Published: December 2024

Legal construction is a key tool in the law­making technique, ensuring the systematicity, logic and consistency of regulatory legal acts. The article considers legal construction as a methodological category of the theory of state and law, its place and role in the formation of legal systems. The relevance of the study is due to the need for theoretical understanding of the basic principles and methods of constructing legal constructions in the modern law-making process of Ukraine. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the role of legal constructions in the theory of state and law as the basis for the formation of the categorical apparatus of law, law­making activity and law enforcement. In domestic law, interest in the study of legal construction is increasingly evident. This applies mainly to industry disciplines, rather than general theoretical research. The latest developments in this area, as a rule, focus on the analysis and assessment of specific legal constructions already embedded in Ukrainian reality. The general issues of the nature and functioning of legal constructions remain outside the scope of discussion, in particular the rules and principles of their creation, the conditions of effectiveness, the principles of co­organization into an effectively operating system, the conditions of “transfer” from one legal system (branch) to another, the mechanisms of functioning and interaction, etc. It is shown that legal constructions are the basis for the creation of legal concepts, institutions and doctrines that ensure the stability and effectiveness of the legal system. The study focuses on the importance of legal constructions for building concepts of legal personality, legal relations, legal facts and other basic elements of the theory of law. The main types of legal constructions (basic, functional, complex) are identified and their practical significance is analyzed. The article also focuses on the problems that arise when forming and using legal constructions in law-making activities, such as inconsistency of terminology, lack of unified methodological approaches and insufficient adaptation to international standards. In the context of modern challenges, ways of improving law-making techniques through standardization, an interdisciplinary approach, and digitalization of legal activity are proposed. The proposed recommendations are aimed at developing the theoretical basis of jurisprudence and improving the law-making process in Ukraine in order to increase its efficiency in accordance with modern social challenges.
Mechanism of the prosecutor’s implementation of the function of accusation in proving in the pre-trail investigation of corruption crimes
Authors: Sukhachova I.O. , Pohoretskyi M.M.
Published: December 2024

The scientific article defines the mechanism of implementation by the prosecutor of the function of prosecution in proving corruption crimes in the pre-trial investigation as a complex interacting system of processes that has a normatively defined legal form, phasing and is implemented by the prosecutor to objectively and fully establish the subject of evidence in corruption crimes, bringing the perpetrators to justice and / or applying other measures of a criminal law nature. The purpose of the article is to define the concept and structure of the mechanism of implementation by the prosecutor of the function of prosecution in proving corruption crimes in the pre-trial investigation.
It is established that the category «mechanism for the prosecutor to exercise the function of prosecution in proving corruption crimes in the pre-trial investigation» is disclosed through a system of other interrelated and interdependent legal categories and is structured. The structural structure reveals the essential side of the implementation mechanism, reflects the unity and diversity of all its constituent elements. In turn, each of the components of the structure can be considered as a separate legally significant category. It is proved that the characteristics of certain elements of the structure of the mechanism will ensure the formation of a holistic and systematic view of the mechanism of implementation by the prosecutor of the function of prosecution in proving corruption crimes in the pre-trial investigation.
According to the analysis of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, the Court has determined in its decisions the minimum guarantees to be set out in law in order to avoid violating the rights of the person under the Convention in prosecuting evidence in pre-trial evidence; a list of such guarantees is defined. It is emphasized that the stage is a functional element of the mechanism of implementation by the prosecutor of the function of accusation of proof in pre-trial investigation, which is defined as the procedure for the prosecutor to perform various procedural actions. The structural elements of the mechanism for the prosecutor to exercise the function of accusation in proving corruption crimes in the pre-trial investigation are defined as: the legal form of consolidating the procedure for the prosecutor’s function.
Influence of the decentralization reform results on the functioning and activity of local government under martial law in Ukraine
Authors: Kurylas V.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of the decentralization reform on the activities of local governments under martial law. Decentralization is one of the most effective reforms that have been implemented in Ukraine. Under the influence of this reform, local governments have gained greater autonomy, new opportunities, capacity and responsibility, which has affected their activities and interaction with citizens.
The need to analyze this topic is explained by the urgent issue related to the peculiarities of local government activities in ensuring the sustainability and development of territories and communities in Ukraine, during martial law, and interaction with public authorities, the public and military administrations. In particular, during martial law, one can observe vivid examples of the success of the decentralization reform.
The capacity and capability of local governments and territorial communities themselves have become key in protecting statehood, performing a significant share of humanitarian tasks, supporting the Armed Forces of Ukraine and territorial defense. The modernization of the governance system accelerates processes, changes approaches to decision-making, introduces the use of new forms and methods of communication and interaction with the population, ensures increased transparency in the activities of government institutions and openness of the authorities, and involves citizens in decision-making processes.
The article examines the theoretical aspects of the impact of the decentralization reform on the activities of local self-government bodies, analyzes the current situation in Ukraine, and identifies specific problems of local government under martial law.
The author concludes that the decentralization reform in Ukraine has provided significant opportunities for enhancing the capacity of local government to independently address local issues. During martial law, local government proved to be an effective mechanism of management and response. The transfer of powers to the local level contributes to the further democratization of society, as it creates conditions for the development of the entire state space based on strengthening the role of territorial communities and enhances resilience in overcoming the challenges of war, ensuring continuous improvement of the relevant processes of the public administration bodies at the regional and local levels.
The right to life and the right to die with dignity: some thoughts in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war
Authors: Pankevych O.Z. , Aftanasiv V.M.
Published: December 2024

In the context of the full-scale Russian- Ukrainian war, problems related to various aspects of the right to life and a decent death are becoming particularly acute. The constitutional guarantees of the inviolability of human life and dignity are faced with the brutal realities of war, when the fundamental right to life is violated on a massive scale. One of the most difficult ethical and legal dilemmas of our time is the problem of euthanasia of military personnel as a humane, albeit controversial, method of alleviating the suffering of the seriously wounded or terminally ill. The war has become a catalyst for research on the topic of a dignified death, especially in conditions when medical resources are limited and the physical and psychological suffering of the military reaches critical limits.
An analysis of current realities reveals a paradoxical situation: on the one hand, the legal recognition of human life as the highest value has increased, which is reflected in numerous international and national acts. On the other hand, there is a tendency to devalue human life in everyday life. A striking example of this is the growing public attention to discussions about the right to die and euthanasia, which is indicative of the complex social and ethical challenges of our time.
This article offers a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon of euthanasia, focusing primarily on the international experience of its regulation. The article examines various aspects of euthanasia, in particular in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war, identifying the main conditions under which such an ambiguous and controversial type of medical care is possible.
It is also noted that the term “euthanasia” is now gaining wide publicity, going beyond the professional discussions of doctors, lawyers and politicians. The term is actively used in the conversations of ordinary citizens, which indicates the growing interest of society in this issue.
The author analyses the diverse positions and justifications of domestic and foreign scholars regarding the possibility of implementing euthanasia. It is found that the problem of this type of voluntary death is multifaceted and requires a comprehensive approach, and its solution should take into account not only medical but also ethical, religious, legal and social aspects.
Particular attention is paid to the analysis of case law and legal positions of the European Court of Human Rights and international instruments relating to the protection of the right to life and human dignity. It is noted that the legal regulation of issues related to the right to a “merciful death” is diverse and depends on the national legislation of the States parties to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
Coordination activities in the field of anti-crime as a function of a state authority
Authors: Chechersky V.I.
Published: December 2024

The scientific publication examines the issue of the expediency of consolidating the crime prevention coordination function under the prosecutor’s office or another state body, in particular the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine or the police.
It is noted that in the conditions of negative trends towards the growth of the level of crime, strict regulation and delimitation of the responsibility of law enforcement agencies and the concentration of their efforts on countering armed aggression, the coordination of work to prevent, detect and counter criminal offenses is of particular importance.
The article focuses on the fact that today this function is assigned to the prosecutor’s office, but its current legislative regulation is not perfect. As a result, there are opposing opinions regarding the expediency of consolidating the coordination of countering crime by the prosecutor’s office.
This is due to the fact that, since 2014, the issue of the role and place of the prosecutor’s office in the system of state authorities has not been finally resolved.
Analyzing the norms of the legislation, it is concluded that the coordination activity of the prosecutor’s office can be considered as a separate function of the prosecutor’s office, which, however, is related to the organization of the pre-trial investigation in the broad context of this meaning.
It is emphasized that when determining the body that should be entrusted with the main consolidating role, the principle of equality of subjects of coordination activity should be maintained.
It is justified why not only law enforcement, but also other state bodies should be included in the subjects of crime prevention coordination.
It was concluded that in order to play a key consolidating role in coordination activities in this area, the state body must meet the following requirements: 1) be permanently active; 2) to carry out law enforcement activities in this area; 3) have an extensive system covering all levels; 4) to be an equal participant in legal relations alongside with other subjects of coordination activity; 5) be authorized to counter crime in all spheres, regardless of jurisdiction; 6) have sufficient authority to ensure control over the implementation of coordination measures.
Therefore, at present, there is no other alternative, according to which the coordination activity in countering crime could be transferred to another body than the prosecutor’s office. However, other state bodies, or special bodies formed under them, including those under the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, may perform auxiliary, consultative, and advisory functions in the field of crime prevention coordination, which, however, cannot replace the overall key coordinating role of the prosecutor’s office.
Planning assistance for families at risk of child rights violations (German experience)
Authors: Besaha I.V.
Published: December 2024

The relevance of this study lies in examining the assistance planning mechanisms applied within the German child protection system. Assistance planning is a key tool used by the Youth Welfare Office (Jugendamt) to support children, youth, and their families. Its significance is particularly highlighted in the context of combating domestic violence, as well as in enhancing Ukrainian legislation in this area based on Germany’s extensive experience.
The article aims to elucidate the legal nature of assistance planning in Germany, focusing particularly on mechanisms for working with foster families when biological parents are fully or partially restricted in their parental rights. The study considers situations in which a child is placed under guardianship due to threats to their physical, mental, or emotional well-being from biological parents. This approach helps illuminate the support procedures for children from the moment real threats to their welfare arise from their biological parents or from other persons or circumstances that parents cannot or will not address.
The research methodology includes analyzing German legal acts, particularly the Civil Code and Book VIII of the Social Code, which regulate child protection. The article describes the assistance planning procedure, its stages, and mechanisms that ensure the involvement of all stakeholders in the decision-making process based on an individual approach.
The main findings underscore that assistance planning is a complex but effective tool of state support, ensuring child protection against threats from the family environment. It involves an individualized approach, engagement of all parties, professional support, and regular monitoring. Assistance planning serves as a central instrument for supporting children and youth, also contributing to public order and safety. Germany’s experience in assistance planning is valuable for harmonizing Ukraine’s legislative framework in the field of social protection for children and youth, as well as for preventing and combating domestic violence. This procedure entails active involvement of parents, children, and specialists, aimed at tailoring assistance to meet the child’s needs, ensuring their development and protection.