bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting EGFR mutational status from pathology images using a real-world dataset
Authors: Pao James J. , Biggs Mikayla , Duncan Daniel , Lin Douglas I. , Davis Richard , Huang Richard S. P. , Ferguson Donna , Janovitz Tyler , Hiemenz Matthew C. , Eddy Nathanial R. , Lehnert Erik , Cabili Moran N. , Frampton Garrett M. , Hegde Priti S. , Albacker Lee A.
Published: March 2023

Treatment of non-small cell lung cancer is increasingly biomarker driven with multiple genomic alterations, including those in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, that benefit from targeted therapies. We developed a set of algorithms to assess EGFR status and morphology using a real-world advanced lung adenocarcinoma cohort of 2099 patients with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) images exhibiting high morphological diversity and low tumor content relative to public datasets. The best performing EGFR algorithm was attention-based and achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.870, a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.954 and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.410 in a validation cohort reflecting the 15% prevalence of EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinoma. The attention model outperformed a heuristic-based model focused exclusively on tumor regions, and we show that although the attention model also extracts signal primarily from tumor morphology, it extracts additional signal from non-tumor tissue regions. Further analysis of high-attention regions by pathologists showed associations of predicted EGFR negativity with solid growth patterns and higher peritumoral immune presence. This algorithm highlights the potential of deep learning tools to provide instantaneous rule-out screening for biomarker alterations and may help prioritize the use of scarce tissue for biomarker testing.
Assessment of the effect of spacer material on gap and void formation in an endodontic temporary restoration using micro-computed tomography
Authors: Alkadi Manal , Algahtani Fahda N. , Barakat Reem , Almohareb Rahaf , Alsaqat Reem
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two spacer materials (cotton pellet and polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE]) on gap and void formation in the Cavit restoration used for endodontic temporization. Thirty-four extracted human single-rooted premolars were matched and allocated into two groups (n = 17/group) according to the access cavity spacer (cotton pellet or PTFE). Standardized endodontic access cavities were prepared in all the teeth. Subsequently, the teeth were scanned by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to determine the volume of the access cavities. The teeth were then temporized by placing either cotton pellet or PTFE as spacer materials on the canal orifices, followed by the Cavit restoration. Following the temporization procedure, the teeth were subjected to a second micro-CT scan to determine the percentage volume of gaps and voids along the margins and within the Cavit restoration, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using the Shapiro–Wilk and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with a 5% significance level. The PTFE spacer was associated with significantly less gap formation between the Cavit restoration and the access cavity walls (P < 0.05) compared with the cotton pellet. No difference existed in void formation between the groups (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that the spacer material placed under the Cavit restoration can influence the quality of overlying restoration. PTFE was associated with less gap formation and, therefore, performed better than the cotton pellet as a spacer material beneath the Cavit restoration during endodontic treatment.
In silico analysis to identify miR-1271-5p/PLCB4 (phospholipase C Beta 4) axis mediated oxaliplatin resistance in metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Lee Cheng-Chin , Lee Ai-Wei , Wei Po-Li , Liu Yi-Shin , Chang Yu-Jia , Huang Chien-Yu
Published: March 2023

Oxaliplatin (OXA) is the first-line chemotherapy drug for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), and the emergence of drug resistance is a major clinical challenge. Although there have been numerous studies on OXA resistance, but its underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. This study aims to identify key regulatory genes and pathways associated with OXA resistance. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) GSE42387 dataset containing gene expression profiles of parental and OXA-resistant LoVo cells was applied to explore potential targets. GEO2R, STRING, CytoNCA (a plug-in of Cytoscape), and DAVID were used to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs), protein–protein interactions (PPIs), hub genes in PPIs, and gene ontology (GO)/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. R2 online platform was used to run a survival analysis of validated hub genes enriched in KEGG pathways. The ENCORI database predicted microRNAs for candidate genes. A survival analysis of those genes was performed, and validated using the OncoLnc database. In addition, the 'clusterProfiler' package in R was used to perform gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). We identified 395 DEGs, among which 155 were upregulated and 240 were downregulated. In total, 95 DEGs were screened as hub genes after constructing the PPI networks. Twelve GO terms and three KEGG pathways (steroid hormone biosynthesis, malaria, and pathways in cancer) were identified as being significant in the enrichment analysis of hub genes. Twenty-one hub genes enriched in KEGG pathways were defined as key genes. Among them AKT3, phospholipase C Beta 4 (PLCB4), and TGFB1 were identified as OXA-resistance genes through the survival analysis. High expressions of AKT3 and TGFB1 were each associated with a poor prognosis, and lower expression of PLCB4 was correlated with worse survival. Further, high levels of hsa-miR-1271-5p, which potentially targets PLCB4, were associated with poor overall survival in patients with CRC. Finally, we found that PLCB4 low expression was associated with MAPK signaling pathway and VEGF signaling pathway in CRC. Our results demonstrated that hsa-miR-1271-5p/PLCB4 in the pathway in cancer could be a new potential therapeutic target for mCRC with OXA resistance.
Anti-proliferative effect of melatonin in human hepatoma HepG2 cells occurs mainly through cell cycle arrest and inflammation inhibition
Authors: Nabih Heba K. , Hamed Ahmed R. , Yahya Shaymaa M. M.
Published: March 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major lethal primary liver malignant worldwide. Although, melatonin has various antitumor bioactivities; there is a requirement for more investigations to elucidate the not discussed effects, and the controversial responses of the treatment with melatonin on targets mediated in HCC. To achieve the aim of the present study, HCC-HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations of melatonin at various time intervals. The selected minimal proliferation inhibition doses of melatonin were then incubated with cells to examine the arresting effect of melatonin on dividing cells using flow cytometry. Furthermore, the molecular patterns of genes that contributed to apoptosis, drug resistance development, antioxidation, and melatonin crossing were quantified by qRT-PCR. Additionally, the Human inflammation antibody array membrane (40 targets) was used to check the anti-inflammatory effect of melatonin. Our results validated that, melatonin shows anti-proliferative action through preserving cells in G0/G1 phase (P < 0.001) that is associated with a highly significant increase in the expression level of the P53 gene (P < 0.01). On contrary, as a novelty, our data recorded decreases in expression levels of genes involved in the pro-apoptotic pathway; with a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the expression level of an anti-apoptotic gene, Bcl2. Interestingly, we detected observed increases in the expression levels of genes responsible for conferring drug resistance including ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCC5. Our study proved the anti-inflammatory activity of 1 mM melatonin in HCC-HepG2 cells. Accordingly, we can conclude that melatonin facilitates the anti-proliferation of cells at doses of 1 mM, and 2.5 mM after 24 h. This action is initiated through cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase via increasing the expression of P53, but independently on apoptosis. Collectively, melatonin is an effective anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative promising therapy for the treatment of HCC. However, its consumption should be cautious to avoid the development of drug resistance and provide a better treatment strategy.
CDX-2 expression correlates with clinical outcomes in MSI-H metastatic colorectal cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Ziranu Pina , Pretta Andrea , Pozzari Marta , Maccioni Antonio , Badiali Manuela , Fanni Daniela , Lai Eleonora , Donisi Clelia , Persano Mara , Gerosa Clara , Puzzoni Marco , Bardanzellu Fabio , Ambu Rossano , Pusceddu Valeria , Dubois Marco , Cerrone Giulia , Migliari Marco , Murgia Sara , Spanu Dario , Pretta Gianluca , Aimola Valentina , Balconi Francesca , Murru Stefania , Faa Gavino , Scartozzi Mario
Published: March 2023

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) showed efficacy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with mismatch-repair deficiency or high microsatellite instability (dMMR-MSI-H). Unfortunately, a patient’s subgroup did not benefit from immunotherapy. Caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX-2) would seem to influence immunotherapy’s sensitivity, promoting the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 (CXCL14) expression. Therefore, we investigated CDX-2 role as a prognostic-predictive marker in patients with mCRC MSI-H. We retrospectively collected data from 14 MSI-H mCRC patients treated with ICIs between 2019 and 2021. The primary endpoint was the 12-month progression-free-survival (PFS) rate. The secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), PFS, objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR). The PFS rate at 12 months was 81% in CDX-2 positive patients vs 0% in CDX-2 negative patients (p = 0.0011). The median PFS was not reached (NR) in the CDX-2 positive group versus 2.07 months (95%CI 2.07–10.8) in CDX-2 negative patients (p = 0.0011). Median OS was NR in CDX-2-positive patients versus 2.17 months (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 2.17–18.7) in CDX2-negative patients (p = 0.026). All CDX-2-positive patients achieved a disease response, one of them a complete response. Among CDX-2-negative patients, one achieved stable disease, while the other progressed rapidly (ORR: 100% vs 0%, p = 0.0005; DCR: 100% vs 50%, p = 0.02). Twelve patients received 1st-line pembrolizumab (11 CDX-2 positive and 1 CDX-2 negative) not reaching median PFS, while two patients (1 CDX-2 positive and 1 CDX-2 negative) received 3rd-line pembrolizumab reaching a median PFS of 10.8 months (95% CI, 10.8–12.1; p = 0.036). Although our study reports results on a small population, the prognostic role of CDX-2 in CRC seems confirmed and could drive a promising predictive role in defining the population more sensitive to immunotherapy treatment. Modulating the CDX-2/CXCL14 axis in CDX-2-negative patients could help overcome primary resistance to immunotherapy.
The clinical influence of nasal surgery on PAP compliance and optimal application among OSA subjects uncomfortable with PAP device wear
Authors: Cha Hyunkyung , Oh Heonjeong , Han Sun A , Kim Seo Young , Kim Jeong Kyou , Park Hae Chan , Han Doo Hee , Kim Dong-Young , Kim Hyun Jik
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the alteration of PAP compliance after nasal surgery and to determine the optimal indications of nasal surgery in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) subjects. Among OSA subjects using PAP devices, 29 subjects who underwent septoturbinoplasty due to nasal obstruction were included and their pre- and postoperative medical and PAP records were reviewed retrospectively. Postoperative autoPAP usage data was further assessed by grouping the compliance (the percentage of days with usage ≥ 4 h) data (group 1: the good compliance group; group 2: the poor compliance group). The data showed that 56% of subjects in group 1 complained of nasal obstruction as the only barrier to using a PAP device and about 89% reported experiencing the efficacy of PAP usage. Both the mean and peak average PAP pressures were significantly reduced in group 1 following nasal surgery. Group 2 had multiple subjective problems that interfered with wearing a PAP device and reported a lack of experiencing the efficacy of PAP usage. Preoperative nasal cavity volume values were smaller and absolute blood eosinophil counts were significantly lower in group 1. The current data demonstrate that nasal surgery might increase the compliance of PAP device wear in OSA subjects who complained of only nasal obstruction as a barrier to wearing PAP and who had small nasal cavity volumes combined with allergic inflammation.
Predicting heart failure onset in the general population using a novel data-mining artificial intelligence method
Authors: Miyashita Yohei , Hitsumoto Tatsuro , Fukuda Hiroki , Kim Jiyoong , Washio Takashi , Kitakaze Masafumi
Published: March 2023

We aimed to identify combinations of clinical factors that predict heart failure (HF) onset using a novel limitless-arity multiple-testing procedure (LAMP). We also determined if increases in numbers of predictive combinations of factors increases the probability of developing HF. We recruited people without HF who received health check-ups in 2010, who were followed annually for 4 years. Using 32,547 people, LAMP was performed to identify combinations of factors of fewer than four factors that could predict the onset of HF. The ability of the method to predict the probability of HF onset based on the number of matching predictive combinations of factors was determined in 275,658 people. We identified 549 combinations of factors for the onset of HF. Then we classified 275,658 people into six groups who had 0, 1–50, 51–100, 101–150, 151–200 or 201–250 predictive combinations of factors for the onset of HF. We found that the probability of HF progressively increased as the number of predictive combinations of factors increased. We identified combinations of variables that predict HF onset. An increased number of matching predictive combinations for the onset of HF increased the probability of HF onset.
Multi-scale morphology characterization of hierarchically porous silver foam electrodes for electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Hoffmann Hendrik , Paulisch-Rinke Melanie Cornelia , Gernhard Marius , Jännsch Yannick , Timm Jana , Brandmeir Carola , Lechner Steffen , Marschall Roland , Moos Ralf , Manke Ingo , Roth Christina
Published: March 2023

Ag catalysts show high selectivities in the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide during the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). Indeed, highly catalytically active porous electrodes with increased surface area achieve faradaic conversion efficiencies close to 100%. To establish reliable structure-property relationships, the results of qualitative structural analysis need to be complemented by a more quantitative approach to assess the overall picture. In this paper, we present a combination of suitable methods to characterize foam electrodes, which were synthesised by the Dynamic Hydrogen Bubble Templation (DHBT) approach to be used for the CO2RR. Physicochemical and microscopic techniques in conjunction with electrochemical analyses provide insight into the structure of the carefully tailored electrodes. By elucidating the morphology, we were able to link the electrochemical deposition at higher current densities to a more homogenous and dense structure and hence, achieve a better performance in the conversion of CO2 to valuable products.
Colorectal cancer therapy mediated by nanomedicines
Authors: Zhang Shaopeng , Zhang Hao , Song Peizhe , Wang Daguang , Wang Yinghui
Published: March 2023

This review summarizes the recent advances and proposes the challenges and future directions of nanomedicines for colorectal cancer treatment.
Improved synthesis enables assessment of the electrochemical window of monocarborate solid state electrolytes
Authors: Tutusaus Oscar , Kuwata Hiroko , Counihan Michael J. , Mohtadi Rana
Published: March 2023

New insights into the electrochemical stability properties of monocarborate solid state electrolytes are enabled through a facile synthetic approach aimed to minimize parasitic side effects of impurities.
Nature of photoexcited states in ZnO-embedded graphene quantum dots
Authors: Shtepliuk Ivan , Yakimova Rositsa
Published: March 2023

New ZnO-graphene quantum dots-based-based hybrid materials are designed and investigated. A special focus is placed on understanding the nature of photoexcited states.
Paddle-wheel mechanism in doped succinonitrile–glutaronitrile plastic electrolyte: a joint magnetic resonance, dielectric, and viscosimetry study of Li ion translational and molecular reorientational dynamics
Authors: Lansab S. , Grabe B. , Böhmer R.
Published: March 2023

Dielectric and NMR spectroscopy combined with viscosimetry reveal that a paddle-wheel mechanism couples Li-ion motion and reorienting nitrile molecules.
Some aspects of the glass transition of polyvinylpyrrolidone depending on the molecular mass
Authors: Lapuk Semen , Ponomareva Marina , Ziganshin Marat , Larionov Radik , Mukhametzyanov Timur , Schick Christoph , Lounev Ivan , Gerasimov Alexander
Published: March 2023

The dynamic glass transition temperatures, the mean temperature fluctuations, and the size of the cooperatively rearranging regions of polyvinylpyrrolidone with different molecular masses were determined using DSC, FSC, and BDS.
Enabling highly-efficient and stable potassium-ion storage by exposing atomic-dispersed super-coordinated antimony O2Sb1N4 sites on N-doped carbon nanosheets
Authors: Xiao Bensheng , Sun Zhefei , Zhang Hehe , Wu Ying , Li Ji , Cui Jiang , Han Jiajia , Li Miao , Zheng Hongfei , Chen Jiamin , Cai Mengting , Ke Chengzhi , Wang Xuefeng , Liu Haodong , Jiang Zheng , Zhang Shilin , Peng Dong-Liang , Guo Zaiping , Zhang Qiaobao
Published: March 2023

A viable anode of atomic Sb with a super-coordinated O2Sb1N4 structure anchored on N-doped micropore carbon nanosheets (O–Sb–N SA@NC) is developed, demonstrating significantly enhanced performance in both half and full potassium-ion batteries.
A study to assess the health effects of an anticancer drug (cyclophosphamide) in zebrafish (Danio rerio): eco-toxicity of emerging contaminants
Authors: Hema Tamilselvan , Mohanthi Sundaram , Umamaheswari Sathisaran , Ramesh Mathan , Ren Zongming , Poopal Rama-Krishnan
Published: March 2023

Cyclophosphamide (CP) at environmentally relevant concentrations causes oxidative stress, energy demand, homeostasis disturbances, and enzyme and histological alterations in the vital tissues of zebrafish.
Surface conversion of CuO–ZnO to ZIF-8 to enhance CO2adsorption for CO2hydrogenation to methanol
Authors: Zhang Lei , Cui Jia , Zhang Yue , San Xiaoguang , Meng Dan
Published: March 2023

A novel CuO–ZnO@ZIF-8 catalyst with abundant oxygen vacancies and high CO2adsorption capacity is synthesized for converting CO2into CH3OH. Compared to the traditional CuO–ZnO catalyst, the catalyst in this work significantly improves the conversion and selectivity.
Force-dependent elasticity of nucleic acids
Authors: Luengo-Márquez Juan , Zalvide-Pombo Juan , Pérez Rubén , Assenza Salvatore
Published: March 2023

We present a novel theoretical tool to study stress dependent elasticity from fluctuations. Application to double-stranded nucleic acids reveals that DNA stiffens and RNA softens upon stretching due to a change in the stacking interactions.
An electrochemical method for measuring magnetic flux density
Authors: Dong Haiying , Li Xin , Xu Xinhe , Lu Zhanpeng
Published: March 2023

A magneto-electrochemical method is designed and validated for measuring magnetic flux density.
Gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel as an injectable scaffold with multi-therapeutic effects to promote antimicrobial disinfection and angiogenesis for regenerative endodontics
Authors: Dubey Nileshkumar , Ribeiro Juliana S. , Zhang Zhaocheng , Xu Jinping , Ferreira Jessica A. , Qu Liu , Mei Ling , Fenno J. Christopher , Schwendeman Anna , Schwendeman Steven P. , Nör Jacques E. , Bottino Marco C.
Published: March 2023

Regenerative endodontics represents a paradigm shift in dental pulp therapy for necrotic young permanent teeth.
Unveiling light effect on formation of trisulfur radicals in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Zhang Bohai , Wang Zhenyu , Ji Huifu , Zhang Hao , Li Lanlan , Hu Jiandong , Li Shixin , Wu Junfeng
Published: March 2023

Dissociation of the representative Li2S6in DMSO is proposed, and light promotes the dissociation of the dominant into .
Aptamer-modified Zr-MOFs to construct nanocatalysts with engineered specificity toward paraoxon
Authors: Cao Tingwei , Zhang Jiaxing , Qi Wei , Wang Mengfan
Published: March 2023

Aptamer-modified nanocatalysts were constructed for achieving specific catalysis, just like natural enzymes do.
Polyethyleneimine-functionalized PdOs bimetallene for enhanced oxygen reduction
Authors: Wang Ziqiang , Xu Shan , Li Min , Deng Kai , Yu Hongjie , Xu You , Li Xiaonian , Wang Hongjing , Wang Liang
Published: March 2023

The polyethyleneimine-functionalized PdOs bimetallene with a curved 2D nanosheet structure was synthesized for enhanced oxygen reduction electrolysis.
Mediator-free electrochemical trifluoromethylation: a cascade approach for the synthesis of trifluoromethylated isoxazolines
Authors: Mahanty Kingshuk , Saha Suman Kumar , Halder Atreyee , De Sarkar Suman
Published: March 2023

The developed methodology describes an environmentally benign protocol for electro-oxidative CF3-radical generation, followed by cascade cyclization fabricating an isoxazoline scaffold from a β,γ-unsaturated oxime.
Three-in-one self-assembled metallo-nanophotosensitizers for photodynamic/chemodynamic/chemo multimodal synergistic cancer therapy
Authors: Chao Shuang , Shen Ziyan , Ren Jiaming , Zhang Zhilin , Chen Xiaolin , Pei Yuxin , Pei Zhichao
Published: March 2023

A three-in-one self-assembled metallo-nanophotosensitizer system (NLCD) was constructed based on the amphiphilic photosensitizer-coordinated self-assembly of Cu2+ with the simultaneous encapsulation of DOX for multimodal synergistic cancer therapy.
Regulating the molecule and electrode interface of a single-molecule junction via the side chain
Authors: Li Yunpeng , Tang Ajun , Wang Rui , Li Yingjie , Ma Chaoqi , Li Hongxiang
Published: March 2023

Here, we report that the molecule-electrode interface of a single-molecule junction can be regulated by a side chain.
On the inverse correlation between the hydrogen bond strength and chalcogen bond strength in the cyclic supramolecular heterosynthon [–Se–N]⋯[HOOC–]
Authors: Lan Honghong , Miao Shaobin , Zhang Yu , Wang Weizhou
Published: March 2023

The correlation between two different noncovalent bonds in a cyclic supramolecular heterosynthon has been studied both in the gas phase and in the crystal phase.
A highly stable and efficient benzothiadiazole-based fluorescence sensor for salicylaldehyde in aqueous solution
Authors: Yan Xiao-Long , Cao Xiao-Qin , Deng Cheng-Rui , Zheng Teng-Fei , Yao Shu-Li , Liu Sui-Jun
Published: March 2023

A water-stable and pH-stable CP-based fluorescence probe (JXUST-27) can sense SA via fluorescence quenching with high selectivity and sensitivity. Remarkably, the fluorescence film and LED lamp have been further developed to detect SA.
A molecular sponge that exclusively adsorbs acetonitrile
Authors: Habata Yoichi , Wada Ayumi , Lee Eunji , Ju Huieyong , Yoshiba Yuki , Horita Hiroki , Ishii Jun-ichi , Ikeda Mari , Kuwahara Shunsuke
Published: March 2023

A tetra-armed cyclen (L) with phenylethynylmethyl groups as side-arms forms L·CH3CN inclusion crystals from acetonitrile–organic mixed solvents with high selectivity.
Thermoelectric response of single quintuple layer sodium copper chalcogenides persisting at high temperature
Authors: Huang Yuhong , Zhong Xuanhong , Feng Zhuyu , Lin Shujing , Yuan Hongkuan , Chen Hong
Published: March 2023

The thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) of p-type NaCuX (X = S, Se) monolayers as a function of temperature near the optimal carrier concentration.
Single- and multi-photon-induced ultraviolet excitation and photodissociation of CH3I probed by coincident ion momentum imaging
Authors: Ziaee Farzaneh , Borne Kurtis , Forbes Ruaridh , P. Kanaka Raju , Malakar Yubaraj , Kaderiya Balram , Severt Travis , Ben-Itzhak Itzik , Rudenko Artem , Rolles Daniel
Published: March 2023

The UV-photodissociation of methyl iodide (CH3I) and other competing processes are studies by time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging.
High-areal-capacity and long-cycle-life all-solid-state battery enabled by freeze drying technology
Authors: Ma Tenghuan , Wang Zhixuan , Wu Dengxu , Lu Pushun , Zhu Xiang , Yang Ming , Peng Jian , Chen Liquan , Li Hong , Wu Fan
Published: March 2023

Freeze-drying technology is first exploited to synthesize Li3InCl6 SE with 80% of its particle size smaller than 200 nm, which greatly improves the charge transmission capability of the composite cathode and the overall interfacial contacts of ASSB.
Phase transition engineering for effective defect passivation to achieve highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Kim Dohyun , Choi Hyuntae , Jung Wooteak , Kim Chanhyeok , Park Eun Young , Kim Sungryong , Jeon Nam Joong , Song Seulki , Park Taiho
Published: March 2023

We suggest phase transition-induced surface passivation of alkylammonium formates for effective defect passivation of perovskite, achieving significantly improved efficiency and thermal stability.
Correction: Global potential of algae-based photobiological hydrogen production
Authors: Chen Qingyang , Wang Lijie , Chen Yimin , Zhu Chenba
Published: March 2023

Correction for ‘Global potential of algae-based photobiological hydrogen production’ by Yimin Chen et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2022, 15, 2843–2857, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EE00342B.
Iontronic memories based on ionic redox systems: operation protocols
Authors: Mohamed Elalyaa , Tchorz Nico , Marlow Frank
Published: March 2023

A recently developed, new ionic device called the ionic voltage effect soft triode (IVEST) was optimized, tuned and embedded into a memory application concept.
Disentangling 1/f noise from confined ion dynamics
Authors: Robin Paul , Lizée Mathieu , Yang Qian , Emmerich Théo , Siria Alessandro , Bocquet Lydéric
Published: March 2023

1/f noise is intrinsic to ion transport; deviations to it allow probing of the dynamics of confined systems.
Effects of 60Co γ-ray irradiation of thin-layer molybdenum disulfide for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Dong Lei , Yang Jianqun , Yue Xiaoqing , Geng Huimin , Li Weiqi , Zhang Yubao , Li Xingji
Published: March 2023

A γ-ray irradiation method is expected to achieve the development of efficient, inexpensive, mass-produced, and chemically stable MoS2 catalysts.
A novel pyrenyl-furan hydrazone on paper-based device for the selective detection of trinitrotoluene
Authors: Liabsungnoen Anusorn , Mayurachayakul Pipattra , Srikittiwanna Kittiwat , Dungchai Wijitar , Sukwattanasinitt Mongkol , Srisuwannaket Choladda , Mingvanish Withawat , Niamnont Nakorn
Published: March 2023

T2 paper-based sensor detection of TNT was linear from 30–500 μM with a detection limit of 30 μM. The T2 paper-based sensor can detect TNT with high selectivity and sensitivity.
Heterotrimetallic paramagnetic complex of ring reduced tin(ii) hexadecachlorophthalocyanine
Authors: Romanenko Nikita R. , Faraonov Maxim A. , Osipov Nikita G. , Kuzmin Alexey V. , Khasanov Salavat S. , Otsuka Akihiro , Yamochi Hideki , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Konarev Dmitri V.
Published: March 2023

The crystalline paramagnetic complex based on ring-reduced tin(ii) hexadecachlorophthalocyanine has been obtained and characterized. Two paramagnetic (Cp*2CrIII)+ cations are sandwiched between the diamagnetic {CpFeII(CO)2(SnII[PcCl16]4−)}− anions.
A PPh3 modified-chitosan supported Pd nanocatalyst for heterogeneous Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling reactions
Authors: Sun Shuhui , Song Jiaxin , Yuan Xiaoshuang , Zhang Yushuang , Shu Zhe , Xie Cong-Xia , Jia Xiaofei
Published: March 2023

A PPh3 modified-chitosan supported Pd nanocatalyst has been developed for heterogeneous Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling reactions with high catalytic activity, wide substrate compatibility and good recyclability.
Electrochemically enabled decyanative C(sp3)–H oxygenation of N-cyanomethylamines to formamides
Authors: Luo Mu-Jia , Zhou Wei , Yang Ruchun , Ding Haixin , Song Xian-Rong , Xiao Qiang
Published: March 2023

An environmentally benign electrochemical decyanative C(sp3)–H oxygenation of N-cyanomethylamines for the synthesis of structurally diverse formamides is described.
Preparation of single-atom palladium catalysts with high photocatalytic hydrogen production performance by means of photochemical reactions conducted with frozen precursor solutions
Authors: Xu Ruiyao , Xu Beibei , You Xiaomeng , Shao Danni , Gao Guoliang , Li Fangfang , Wang Xue-Lu , Yao Ye-Feng
Published: March 2023

This study reports a series of high performance single-atom palladium catalysts which were prepared by means of photochemical reactions conducted with frozen precursor solutions.
Chance‐constrained co‐expansion planning for power systems under decision‐dependent wind power uncertainty
Authors: Yin Wenqian , Feng Shuanglei , Liu Rong‐Peng , Hou Yunhe
Published: March 2023

Variability and uncertainty in wind resources pose significant challenges to the expansion planning of wind farms and associated flexible resources. In addition, the spatial smoothing effect, indicating the impact of wind farm scale on aggregated wind power prediction errors, further aggravates the challenge. This paper proposes a chance‐constrained co‐expansion planning method considering the spatial smoothing effect, where the expansion of wind farm capacity, batter energy storage capacity, and power transmission lines are co‐optimized. Specifically, a decision‐dependent uncertainty (DDU) model is established capturing the dependency of wind power uncertainties on wind farm expansion decisions under the spatial smoothing effect. Unlike traditional optimization diagram where decisions are made under only decision‐independent uncertainty (DIU) with fixe properties, properties of decision‐dependent uncertain parameters would be inversely altered by decisions. To effectively tackle the coupling relation between decisions and DDU, DDU‐based chance constraints are formulated in an analytical manner, where the decisions and decision‐dependent uncertain parameters are expressed in a closed form. Eventually, with piecewise linearization of the DDU model and the polynomial approximation of cumulative distribution function of uncertain parameters, the proposed chance‐constrained optimization model with DDU is converted into a mixed‐integer second‐order cone program (MISOCP). Case studies verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
CO enhancement by magnetohydrodynamic waves
Authors: Skalidis R. , Gkimisi K. , Tassis K. , Panopoulou G. V. , Pelgrims V. , Tritsis A. , Goldsmith P. F.
Published: March 2023

Context. The formation of molecular gas in interstellar clouds is a slow process, but can be enhanced by gas compression. Magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) waves can create compressed quasi-periodic linear structures, referred to as striations. Striations are observed at the column densities at which the transition from atomic to molecular gas takes place.

Aims. We explore the role of MHD waves in the CO chemistry in regions with striations within molecular clouds.

Methods. We targeted a region with striations in the Polaris Flare cloud. We conducted a CO J = 2−1 survey in order to probe the molecular gas properties. We used archival starlight polarization data and dust emission maps in order to probe the magnetic field properties and compare against the CO morphological and kinematic properties. We assessed the interaction of compressible MHD wave modes with CO chemistry by comparing their characteristic timescales.

Results. The estimated magnetic field is 38–76 µG. In the CO integrated intensity map, we observe a dominant quasiperiodic intensity structure that tends to be parallel to the magnetic field orientation and has a wavelength of approximately one parsec. The periodicity axis is ~17° off from the mean magnetic field orientation and is also observed in the dust intensity map. The contrast in the CO integrated intensity map is ~2.4 times higher than the contrast of the column density map, indicating that CO formation is enhanced locally. We suggest that a dominant slow magnetosonic mode with an estimated period of 2.1–3.4 Myr and a propagation speed of 0.30–0.45 km s−1 is likely to have enhanced the formation of CO, hence created the observed periodic pattern. We also suggest that within uncertainties, a fast magnetosonic mode with a period of 0.48 Myr and a velocity of 2.0 km s−1 could have played some role in increasing the CO abundance.

Conclusions. Quasiperiodic CO structures observed in striation regions may be the imprint of MHD wave modes. The Alfvénic speed sets the dynamical timescales of the compressible MHD modes and determines which wave modes are involved in the CO chemistry.
Revisiting the alignment of radio galaxies in the ELAIS-N1 field
Authors: Simonte M. , Andernach H. , Brüggen M. , Best P. N. , Osinga E.
Published: March 2023

Aims. Previous studies reported an alignment of the major axes of radio galaxies on various angular scales. Here, we study the alignment of radio galaxies in the ELAIS-N1 Low Frequency ARray (LOFAR) deep field, which covers an area of 25 deg2.

Methods. The low noise level of about 20 μJy beam−1 of the LOFAR deep field observations at 150 MHz enabled the identification of 447 extended (> 30″) radio galaxies for which we measured the position angle of the major axis. We find that 95% of these sources have either photometric or spectroscopic redshifts, which we then used for a three-dimensional (3D) analysis.

Results. We show the distribution of the position angles of radio galaxies in the ELAIS-N1 field and the results of multiple statistical tests carried out to decipher whether the radio galaxies are randomly oriented. We find that the distribution of position angles is consistent with being uniform. Two peaks around position angles of 50 and 140 deg are spurious and are not caused by an alignment, as shown by a 3D analysis. In conclusion, our results do not support a 2D or 3D alignment of radio galaxies on scales of smaller than ∼4 deg.
Characterisation of the new target of the NASA Lucy mission: Asteroid 152830 Dinkinesh (1999 VD57)
Authors: de León J. , Licandro J. , Pinilla-Alonso N. , Moskovitz N. , Kareta T. , Popescu M.
Published: March 2023

Context. The NASA Lucy mission is designed to collect data that will be used to study the very interesting population of Jupiter Trojans, which are considered to be time capsules from the time of birth of our Solar System. During its journey, the mission will pass near a main belt asteroid, Donaldjohanson. Recently, NASA announced that a new asteroid in the belt will also be visited by Lucy: 152830 Dinkinesh (1999 VD57).

Aims. The main goal of this work is to characterise this newly selected target, asteroid Dinkinesh, in order to provide critical information to the mission team. This information includes the most likely surface composition, albedo, and size of the asteroid, which will be used to better plan the data acquisition strategy at the time of the fly-by.

Methods. To this end, we obtained visible spectra, colour photometry, and time-series photometry for Dinkinesh using several telescopes located at different observatories. For the spectra, we used the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) on the island of La Palma (Spain); for the colour photometry, we used the 4.3 m Lowell Discovery Telescope (LDT) near Happy Jack, Arizona (USA); and for the time-series photometry, we used the 82 cm IAC80 telescope located on the island of Tenerife (Spain). We used the visible reflectance spectrum to obtain the taxonomical class of the asteroid in order to constrain its albedo value. Colour and time-series photometry were used to compute the absolute magnitude of Dinkinesh, which was used in conjunction with an albedo estimation to constrain its size.

Results. Both the visible spectrum and reflectance values computed from colour photometry show that Dinkinesh is an S-type asteroid; that is, it is composed mainly of silicates and some metal. According to observations carried out as part of the NEOWISE survey, S-type asteroids have a typical geometric albedo of pV = 0.223 ± 0.073. From our time-series photometry, we obtain an asteroid mean magnitude of r′ = 19.99 ± 0.05, which provides an absolute magnitude Hr′ = 17.53 ± 0.07 assuming G = 0.19 ± 0.25 for S-types. Using our colour-photometry, we transformed Hr′ to HV = 17.48 ± 0.05. This value of absolute magnitude combined with the geometric albedo provides a mean diameter for Dinkinesh of ~900 m, ranging between a minimum size of 542 m and a maximum size of 1309 m.
Interaction between crowding and growth in tumours with stem cells: Conceptual mathematical modelling
Authors: Meacci Luca , Primicerio Mario
Published: March 2023

This research paper proposes and discusses a conceptual modelling of both growth of tumours in presence of immortal multipotent cancer stem cells (CSCs) and of several lineages of differentiated tumour cells (CCs). The replication of CSCs is assumed symmetric or asymmetric with a prescribed mean ratio and mitosis and apoptosis are taken into account for the CCs aging. Replication can be hindered by the local crowding of the cells in the vicinity of the mother cell. The model is implemented in the framework of 3D cellular automata (CA) whose dynamics is governed by stochastic rules. Some simulations are displayed showing the growth of a tumour and the fractions of different lineages and age classes of CCs. Then, an approach that considers the same dynamics of aging, replication, and apoptosis, but with the aim to study the time evolution of the fractions of the different lineages and age classes of cells averaged over the total volume is presented. The dynamics is governed by a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), hence by deterministic rules. Numerical simulations of the solution of this system show qualitative similarity with the CA results, although the crowding effect is no longer a local effect, but also averaged over the total volume. The Appendix provides the proof of the mathematical well-poscdness of this model in a general framework.
Abdrücken der Shuntpunktionsstelle nach der Therapie
Authors: Reichardt Michael
Published: March 2023

Dieser Artikel ist eine Zusammenfassung der Facharbeit von Michael Wählen im Rahmen der nephrologischen Fachweiterbildung zum/r Gesundheits- und Krankenpfleger*in in der Nephrologie an der Weiterbildungsstätte nephrologischer Zentren Rhein-Ruhr am AKK in Essen.
HIF-Stabilisatoren bei renaler Anämie vergleichbar wirksam wie eine ESA-Therapie
Authors: Artunc Ferruh
Published: March 2023

Stabilisatoren des Hypoxie induzierten Faktors (HIF: Hypoxia-Inducible Factor) sind als neue Substanzgruppe zur Behandlung der renalen Anämie in den Fokus gerückt. Bei diesen Substanzen handelt es sich um kleine Moleküle, die für eine orale Therapie geeignet sind. Aktuell werden einige HIF-stabilisierende Substanzen, die an der Endung „-dustat“ erkannt werden können, intensiv bei Patienten mit chronischer Nierenerkrankung und Anämie untersucht.
Anatomie der Halswirbelsäule
Authors: Mihajlovic Zoran , Hinkelthein Edgar
Published: March 2023

In der osteopathischen wie auch in der schulmedizinischen
Praxis stellen sich oft Patienten mit einer Mischsymptomatik vor. Der Patient benennt
Symptome, die auf den ersten Blick nicht zusammenpassen. In diesem Artikel sollen die
anatomischen Grundlagen der HWS inklusive ihrer Embryologie zum besseren
Verständnis und zur sichereren Diagnostik- und Therapieplanung dargestellt
werden.
Verkürzte Lebensdauer der Erythrozyten als Determinante der renalen Anämie
Authors: Bissinger Rosi
Published: March 2023

Im Rahmen einer chronischen Nierenerkrankung (CKD: Chronic Kidney Disease) tritt häufig eine renale Anämie auf. Neben einer reduzierten Neubildung von Erythrozyten ist deren verkürzte Lebensdauer eine wichtige Determinante der renalen Anämie. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Erythrozyten über den Mechanismus der Eryptose verfrüht aus der Blutbahn eliminiert werden, ohne dass es zu einer Hämolyse kommt. Dabei exprimieren die Erythrozyten den Marker Phosphatidylserin auf ihrer Oberfläche, was ein potentes Signal zur Phagozytose darstellt. Daraufhin werden die Erythrozyten rasch aus der Blutbahn entfernt. Die Ursache der stimulierten Eryptose bei CKD ist am ehesten auf eine komplexe Störung des inneren Milieus und des Erythrozytenstoffwechsels zurückzuführen.
Rough Sex: Aktueller Diskussions- und Forschungsstand
Authors: Döring Nicola
Published: March 2023

Unter hartem Sex (engl. rough sex) wird aggressiver konsensueller Sex verstanden. Dazu gehören beispielsweise Aktivitäten wie Aufs-Bett-Werfen, Kleider-Herunterreißen, Haare-Ziehen, Schlagen oder Würgen. Rough-Sex-Praktiken sind in den letzten Jahren medial sichtbarer und vermutlich auch populärer geworden. Ihnen sind ganze Pornografie-Gattungen gewidmet und sie werden in Sozialen Medien diskutiert. Große Bevölkerungsteile berichten eigene Erfahrungen mit ausgewählten harten Sexpraktiken. Die Normalisierung von Rough Sex wird mit verschiedenen Gefahren, insbesondere für Frauen, in Verbindung gebracht. Der vorliegende Beitrag fasst den aktuellen Diskussionsstand zusammen, weist auf Forschungslücken hin und diskutiert Konsequenzen für die sexualpädagogische Praxis.
Multiplane gravitational lenses with an abundance of images
Authors: Keeton Charles R. , Lundberg Erik , Perry Sean
Published: March 2023

We consider gravitational lensing of a background source by a finite system of point-masses. The problem of determining the maximum possible number of lensed images has been completely resolved in the single-plane setting (where the point masses all reside in a single lens plane), but this problem remains open in the multiplane setting. We construct examples of K-plane point-mass gravitational lens ensembles that produce ∏i=1K(5gi−5) images of a single background source, where gi is the number of point masses in the ith plane. This gives asymptotically (for large gi with K fixed) 5K times the minimal number of lensed images. Our construction uses Rhie’s single-plane examples and a structured parameter-rescaling algorithm to produce preliminary systems of equations with the desired number of solutions. Utilizing the stability principle from the differential topology, we then show that preliminary (nonphysical) examples can be perturbed to produce physically meaningful examples while preserving the number of solutions. We provide numerical simulations illustrating the result of our construction, including positions of lensed images and the structure of critical curves and caustics. We observe an interesting “caustic of multiplicity” phenomenon that occurs in the nonphysical case and has a noticeable effect on the caustic structure in the physically meaningful perturbative case.
Global solutions and exponential time decay rates to the Navier–Stokes–Vlasov–Fokker–Planck system in low regularity space
Authors: Tan Lihua , Fan Yingzhe
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we show that the mild solutions to the Navier–Stokes–Vlasov–Fokker–Planck system exist globally in time near a global Maxwellian, provided that we take small-amplitude initial data in the function space Lk1LT∞Lv2. As a product, we also get the exponential time decay rates for the solutions. Our analysis relies on the refined energy estimates and the low regularity function space Lk1LT∞Lv2 introduced by the work in Duan et al. [Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 74(5), 932–1020 (2021)].
Simulation investigations on discharge process of a pseudospark switch in series with a magnetic switch
Authors: Sun Guoxiang , Wang Xia , Ding Weidong , Yan Jiaqi , Shen Saikang
Published: March 2023

The conduction loss of the pseudospark switch (PSS) can be reduced by connecting the magnetic switch (MS) and PSS in series to form the magnetically delayed pseudospark switch (MDPSS). In this paper, a 2D electrostatic Particle in Cell/Monte Carlo Collision simulation model of MDPSS coupled with the external circuit is established, and the discharge process and characteristics are studied. It is found that the forward conduction process of the MDPSS can be divided into four stages. The first stage is characterized by the rapid drop of anode voltage, and the discharge mechanism is mainly the collision ionization of seed electrons. In the second stage, the anode voltage increases slowly, which is mainly maintained by secondary electrons emitted by ions impacting the cathode. The third stage marks the beginning of MS saturation, accompanied by the rapid rise of anode voltage and loop current, as well as the rapid strengthening of the sheath electric field in the cavity, thus inducing the fourth stage, that is, the complete conduction of PSS. The duration of hollow cathode discharge will be prolonged by increasing the number of magnetic cores, thus further reducing the total conduction loss of the switch.
Physical insights into enhancing magnetic stability of 2D magnets
Authors: Wang Ke , Ren Kai , Hou Yinlong , Cheng Yuan , Zhang Gang
Published: March 2023

Recently, two-dimensional (2D) magnets have drawn substantial attention from researchers for their fascinating properties and great application potential in the fields of biomedicine, data storage, signal transfer, and energy conversion. However, the low Curie/Néel temperature of 2D magnets hinders their application. In this Perspective, we present some physical insights into enhancing the magnetic stability of 2D magnets. First, the microscope theoretical model of 2D magnets is introduced. Then, we review and analyze several effective and commonly used methods for enhancing the magnetic stability of 2D magnets. Finally, we present the perspective and summary. This Perspective presents the advanced understanding of magnetic stability in 2D materials, which can provide new opportunities for further advancement in a wide variety of applications.
Synchronization stability of power-grid-tied converters
Authors: Ma Rui , Zhang Yayao , Yang Ziqian , Kurths Jürgen , Zhan Meng , Lin Congping
Published: March 2023

Synchronization stability is one of central problems in power systems, and it is becoming much more complicated with the high penetration of renewable energy and power electronics devices. In this paper, we review recent work by several nonlinear models for renewable-dominated power systems in terms of multiple timescales, in particular, grid-tied converters within the DC voltage timescale. For the simplest model, a second-order differential equations called the generalized swing equation by considering only the phase-locked loop (PLL) is obtained, which shows a similar form with the well-known swing equation for a synchronous generator in the traditional power systems. With more outer controllers included, fourth-order and fifth-order models can be obtained. The fourth-order model is called the extended generalized swing equation, exhibiting the combined function of grid synchronization and active power balance on the DC capacitor. In addition, a nonlinear model for a two coupled converter system is given. Based on these studies, we find that the PLL plays a key role in synchronization stability. In summary, the value of this paper is to clarify the key concept of the synchronization stability in renewable-dominated power systems based on different nonlinear models, which still lacks systematic studies and is controversial in the field of electrical power engineering. Meanwhile, it clearly uncovers that the synchronization stability of converters has its root in the phase synchronization concept in nonlinear sciences.