bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
β-Bursts Reveal the Trial-to-Trial Dynamics of Movement Initiation and Cancellation
Authors: Wessel Jan R.
Published: November 2019

The neurophysiological basis of motor control is of substantial interest to basic researchers and clinicians alike. Motor processes are accompanied by prominent field potential changes in the β-frequency band (15–29 Hz): in trial-averages, movement initiation is accompanied by β-band desynchronization over sensorimotor areas, whereas movement cancellation is accompanied by β-power increases over (pre)frontal areas. However, averaging misrepresents the true nature of the β-signal. Unaveraged β-band activity is characterized by short-lasting, burst-like events, rather than by steady modulations. Therefore, averaging-based quantifications may miss important brain–behavior relationships. To investigate how β-bursts relate to movement in male and female humans (N= 234), we investigated scalp-recorded β-band activity during the stop-signal task, which operationalizes both movement initiation and cancellation. Both processes were indexed by systematic spatiotemporal changes in β-burst rates. Before movement initiation, β-bursting was prominent at bilateral sensorimotor sites. These burst-rates predicted reaction time (a relationship that was absent in trial-average data), suggesting that sensorimotor β-bursting signifies an inhibited motor system, which has to be overcome to initiate movements. Indeed, during movement initiation, sensorimotor burst-rates steadily decreased, lateralizing just before movement execution. In contrast, successful movement cancellation was signified by increased phasic β-bursting over fronto-central sites. Such β-bursts were followed by short-latency increases of bilateral sensorimotor β-burst rates, suggesting that motor inhibition can be rapidly re-instantiated by frontal areas when movements have to be rapidly cancelled. Together, these findings suggest that β-bursting is a fundamental signature of the motor system, used by both sensorimotor and frontal areas involved in the trial-by-trial control of behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMovement-related β-frequency (15–29 Hz) changes are among the most prominent features of neural recordings across species, scales, and methods. However, standard averaging-based methods obscure the true dynamics of β-band activity, which is dominated by short-lived, burst-like events. Here, we demonstrate that both movement-initiation and cancellation in humans are characterized by unique trial-to-trial patterns of β-bursting. Movement initiation is characterized by steady reductions of β-bursting over bilateral sensorimotor sites. In contrast, during rapid movement cancellation, β-bursts first emerge over fronto-central sites typically associated with motor control, after which sensorimotor β-bursting re-initiates. These findings suggest a fundamentally novel, non-invasive measure of the neural interaction underlying movement-initiation and -cancellation, opening new avenues for the study of motor control in health and disease.
California's Yuki Indians
Authors: Madley Benjamin
Published: November 2019

This article summarizes the heretofore incomplete and disputed assessment of the Yuki genocide, narrates the cataclysm, reevaluates state and federal culpability, and explains how this catastrophe constituted genocide under the 1948 United Nations Genocide Convention. Finally, the article explores how other case studies and the convention may inform future research on genocide in California and the United States in general.
A Dark History Hits Home
Authors: McNally Robert Aquinas
Published: November 2019

In June 2019, Governor Gavin Newsom apologized to tribal leaders for the genocide his predecessors waged against California's Native peoples, the most comprehensive such admission to date at the state level. The apology broke through widespread public denial of this historical atrocity and prompted extensive media coverage. In California's case, vigilantes, state-sponsored and -funded militias, army campaigns, and abysmal reservation conditions cut an estimated population of 150,000 in 1846 to 15,000 by 1900. Remarkably, California's tribes, augmented by migration of Native Americans from other parts of the United States, have demonstrated great resilience and are now building their cultural presence in state and nation.
Inferring the Genomic Landscape of Recombination Rate Variation in European Aspen (Populus tremula)
Authors: Apuli Rami-Petteri , Bernhardsson Carolina , Schiffthaler Bastian , Robinson Kathryn M , Jansson Stefan , Street Nathaniel R , Ingvarsson Pär K
Published: November 2019

The rate of meiotic recombination is one of the central factors determining genome-wide levels of linkage disequilibrium which has important consequences for the efficiency of natural selection and for the dissection of quantitative traits. Here we present a new, high-resolution linkage map for Populus tremula that we use to anchor approximately two thirds of the P. tremula draft genome assembly on to the expected 19 chromosomes, providing us with the first chromosome-scale assembly for P. tremula (Table 2). We then use this resource to estimate variation in recombination rates across the P. tremula genome and compare these results to recombination rates based on linkage disequilibrium in a large number of unrelated individuals. We also assess how variation in recombination rates is associated with a number of genomic features, such as gene density, repeat density and methylation levels. We find that recombination rates obtained from the two methods largely agree, although the LD-based method identifies a number of genomic regions with very high recombination rates that the map-based method fails to detect. Linkage map and LD-based estimates of recombination rates are positively correlated and show similar correlations with other genomic features, showing that both methods can accurately infer recombination rate variation across the genome. Recombination rates are positively correlated with gene density and negatively correlated with repeat density and methylation levels, suggesting that recombination is largely directed toward gene regions in P. tremula.
Review of The Fan Fiction Studies Reader, Eds. Hellekson, Karen., and Kristina Busse (2014)
Authors: Cheuk Fiona N.
Published: November 2019

Disability is often absent in both the content and the production levels of Western film and television media, and other popular cultural productions. They rarely include disability except as plot devices that invoke ableist tropes such as: tragedy, pity, or a temporary challenge for non-disabled characters to overcome, or as lessons for the main character to learn from, and many more. In the Ruderman white paper on Employment of Actors with Disabilities in Television, Woodburn and Kopic found that 95% of disabled characters in the top ten US television shows were played by non-disabled actors (2016). Yet, these marked absences of disability from popular media has not been reflected in the numerous fan creations produced by fan communities in tribute to their favourite fandom.
Strategy to harvest
Authors: Ley Sebastian , Huck Christian , Flory Stephan , Sonnleitner Saba
Published: November 2019

Vermeintlich etablierte Marktstrukturen befinden sich heute in einem radikalen Umbruch. Der Aufbau und die erfolgreiche Erschließung plattformbasierter Geschäftsmodelle und Ökosysteme werden in fast allen Branchen für viele etablierte Unternehmen zur existenziellen Aufgabe. In diesem Beitrag beleuchten wir die wesentlichen Fragestellungen und Erfolgsfaktoren, die in einem durchgängigen Prozess – von der Strategie kommend bis zur erfolgreichen Skalierung im Markt – aus Sicht des Innovationsmanagements und Controlling-Handwerks bedeutend sind. Diese Veränderungen veranschaulichen wir am Beispiel eines deutschen Finanzinstituts, das ein plattformbasiertes Ökosystem erfolgreich aufgebaut und umgesetzt hat.
Nudging und Gamification zur Steuerungsoptimierung plattformbasierter Geschäftsmodelle
Authors: Schüler Fabian , Heering Felicitas , Haas Jonas
Published: November 2019

Der Erfolg von digitalen Plattformen ist maßgeblich abhängig von der systematischen formellen sowie informellen Steuerung des gesamten Plattform-Ökosystems. Da informelle Steuerungsmechanismen langfristig aufgebaut werden müssen und ein hohes Commitment der Plattformakteure erfordern, wird im industriellen Kontext zunehmend auf Methoden wie Nudging oder Enterprise Gamification zurückgegriffen.
Digitale Transformation: Werttreiber beim Aufbau plattformbasierter Ökosysteme in etablierten Unternehmen
Authors: Müller-Stewens Günter , Stonig Joachim
Published: November 2019

Digitale Technologien ermöglichen es, integrierte Lösungsangebote zur Befriedigung komplexer Kundenbedürfnissen aufzubauen. Umgesetzt werden diese mittels plattformbasierter Ökosysteme, welche die Beiträge vieler Partner effizient koordinieren. In diesem Beitrag zeigen wir die Werttreiber auf, die etablierte Unternehmen bei der Transformation hin zum Ökosystem-Leader beachten müssen.
Structural factors of effectiveness of private family medicine (case-study)
Authors: Mazhak Iryna
Published: November 2019

With the help of case-study research structural factors of private family medicine efficacy has been defined in Komsomolsk Poltava region where successful institutionalization of family medicine has been carried out.
Institutional risks of higher pedagogical education
Authors: Shchudlo Svitlana
Published: November 2019

In the article the problems of functioning of institute of higher pedagogical education in the system of education of Ukraine are examined. From the positions of neoinstitutional sociology the author makes the analysis of the system of preparation of teachers.
On the basis of the results of empiric sociological researches the author analyses risks within the institute of higher pedagogical education and in its interaction with other social institutes, in particular, with a labour-market.
Valoración económica de la calidad de aire y su impacto en registros epoc de Bucaramanga
Authors: Pardavé Livia Walter , Jerez Pérez Jesús
Published: November 2019

Este trabajo presenta los resultados de la aproximación a un modelo matemático de valoración de la calidad de aire que se realizó para estimar y validar la aceptación del valor económico como pago para mantener una calidad de aire que permita un adecuado cuidado de la salud pública en el área metropolitana de Bucaramanga. Para ello, se recurrió inicialmente a recolección selectiva de datos meteorológicos del Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales (IDEAM), también se solicitó datos de calidad de aire de la Corporación Autónoma Regional para la Defensa de la Meseta de Bucaramanga (CDMB), además se colectó datos del Observatorio de Salud Pública de Bucaramanga, quienes facilitaron los registros EPOC del año 2012. Para efectos de la valoración económica se realizaron encuestas que fueron aplicadas en el mes de mayo del año en curso en el Área metropolitana de Bucaramanga y las ecuaciones del Método denominado Valoración Contingente (MVC). Los resultados indican que los ciudadanos podrían pagar un valor per cápita para mantener la calidad de aire de la ciudad y éste valor tiene una probabilidad alta de ser el adecuado de acuerdo al método contingente.
Resiliencia en la gestión de las organizaciones
Authors: Briceño Meggy
Published: November 2019

El objetivo del presente artículo es proponer la resiliencia como estrategia en la gestión de las organizaciones destacando los aspectos más relevantes para responder con éxito a las demandas de una sociedad cada día más exigente, en este sentido las organizaciones realizan grandes esfuerzos de mejoramiento hacia el logro de la calidad total, adoptando nuevos conceptos, esquemas teóricos válidos, orientados hacia la reestructuración funcional formal, implementando estrategias en el manejo de los recursos materiales, muy especialmente el del talento humano. Ante estas perspectivas se producen cambios en el manejo de la organización con la finalidad de elevar la calidad ubicándola progresivamente al ritmo de los avances sociales, económicos, científicos y tecnológicos, la etapa final es comunicar los resultados, de manera que éstos permitan integrar los conocimientos a la práctica.
El turismo de naturaleza: opción para el desarrollo socioeconómico y cultural del circuito Cúcuta, Chinácota, Bochalema y Durania en el departamento Norte de Santander, Colombia
Authors: Ramirezparis-Colmenares Xiomara , Sepulveda-Yañez Álvaro Jesús
Published: November 2019

El objetivo de la investigación fue promover el turismo de naturaleza como una alternativa para el desarrollo socioeconómico y cultural, bajo una perspectiva sustentable, en la zona comprendida entre los municipios de Durania, Bochalema y Chinácota, Departamento Norte de Santander, República de Colombia. La investigación fue cualitativa y empleó el método etnográfico en las intervenciones realizadas en las comunidades con potencial turístico de la entidad. Se observaron las costumbres de los habitantes, la gastronomía local, los sitios históricos, áreas recreacionales, artesanías y zonas de interés turístico en general. También se realizaron entrevistas a informantes claves seleccionados intencionalmente. Los resultados de la investigación evidencian que los tres municipios estudiados poseen altas potencialidades para desarrollar el turismo de naturaleza y su auge impactará positivamente en la mejora de las condiciones socioeconómicas y de preservación cultural de las comunidades. Estos hallazgos, y su posterior socialización en los entes públicos del Departamento, posibilitaron la vinculación del Grupo de Investigación CIEMPIES de la UDES, sede Cúcuta, a la Mesa de Ecoturismo del Norte de Santander y su participación en la elaboración del Plan de Desarrollo Turístico del Departamento, en el cual fue incluido el circuito turístico propuesto en este estudio. Asimismo, en el orden académico, se ha iniciado la formación de una cultura del turismo regional entre los miembros de la comunidad educativa de la UDES lo que ha permitido organizar ferias, congresos y excursiones como una manera de integrar la academia al desarrollo de los municipios.
Electronic Communication in the Aspect of Linguistic Politeness (Based on the Material of German Linguoculture)
Authors: Gazizov Rafael , Lenets Anna , Takhtarova Svetlana
Published: November 2019

The article presents major ways of implementing linguistic politeness in electronic communication of the German linguocultural community. Following basic communicative principles of positive politeness, the authors analyze such e-mails speech acts as greeting, appeal, parting, congratulations, wishes, gratitude, that actualize strategies of positive politeness, or strategies of reconciliation in the virtual interaction of communicants. In German linguoculture the communicative strategies of reconciliation are the attention-and-care strategy, the strategy of using in-group identity markers, the strategy of exaggeration, the strategy of giving communicative gifts, the strategy of demonstrating intense interest; their implementation is supported with various means and methods of expressiveness, including contact appeals, adjectives, pronoun viel, modal verb mögen, performative verbs of wishes and gratitude, subjunctive mood, etc. It is stated that the communicative strategies of politeness are aimed at preserving the positive face of the addressee, that is, satisfying the needs of a person to show attention, care, interest, sympathy, love towards the addressee. It should be noted that study of the principle of politeness in email writing is viewed as a priority for German linguoculture, since communication via e-mail is one of the most popular and common ways of virtual written communication both at home and in business.
Linguistic Pragmatics of English Language Restaurant Online Discourse
Authors: Shamne Nikolay , Pavlova Elena
Published: November 2019

The paper presents an analysis of linguistic pragmatics of restaurant online discourse that is plunged into studying the content of English versions of British restaurant websites. The authors state that the investigated segment of virtual restaurant communication is organized on the basis of a linguistic-and-pragmatic model, which is constructed from the following components: discourse goal, discourse addresser's intention / communicative-pragmatic purposes with corresponding strategies and tactics. Special attention is paid to the main communication strategies of the discourse under analysis, among which there are the strategies of creating positive emotional mood, constructing an attractive image of the restaurant, increasing the activity of restaurant guests. It is established that these strategies are implemented by a set of tactics. The authors distinguish and describe verbal (lexical, lexical-grammatical and stylistic features), as well as non-verbal means that are used by site moderators for implementing the desired tactics. It is stated that the most frequent linguistic means are lexical units with emotional-expressive and attitudinal meanings, metaphorical and pleonastic constructions, modal verbs, superlatives; interrogative-responsive and imperative structures; non-verbal means of communication are represented by graphics, font and colour highlighting, various illustrations and photographs. The suggested linguistic and pragmatic model uncovers the following restaurant online discourse regularities: location of zones with verbal or non-verbal dominating means is defined by visual assessment factors of information representation on the website.
Dynamic Models in Sociolinguistics and Socio-Communicative Attitudes of the Russian Language Personality in the Post-Soviet Period
Authors: Shaposhnikova Irina
Published: November 2019

The article focuses on the range of scientific issues which have been studied by sociolinguists who apply dynamic models mainly to the material of the English language. Priority is given to network models and their predecessors – the study of relationships within semantic fields. The author's observations of the circulation of the meanings as they are reflected in the Russian associative-verbal network (hereafter AVN) provide supporting evidence for the links between the dimensions of socio-communicative networks (strength, density, direction of contacts) and the emergence of favorable conditions for socially significant language changes. Sociolinguists discovered this type of correlation earlier using other methods on English materials. The instability of the social environment of the post-Soviet world manifests itself (within three generations) in the dynamics of socio-communicative attitudes concerning the ways people manipulate the bodies of language units. Thus attested shifts in motivational orientations of the Russian language personality can be studied further on as potential activators of socially conditioned language changes. The AVN materials allow scientists to consider the psychological dimensions in their interpretations of sociolinguistically significant dynamics. The use of AVN models in the light of actual (within 3-4 generations) diachrony opens up the prospect of developing associative variantology as a new branch of experimental psychosociolinguistics; the study of the circulation of word meanings in the semantic field of culture provides valuable empirical data for ethnopolitical sociolinguistics.
Social Reality Formation in Media Discourse: Information Ambiguity Strategy
Authors: Ozyumenko Vladimir
Published: November 2019

Modern media have become an important ideological tool in conveying and forming a certain view of the world and attitude towards it. While complying with the interests of the power structures, they shape public opinion by means of increasingly sophisticated media technologies and techniques. The article introduces multilevel means of creating ambiguity of a media text: verbs with the semantic component 'without proof', lexical units with semantics of uncertainty, means of expressing epistemic modality, interrogative headings, etc. The regular use of these means observed in the media enables the author to consider ambiguity as one efficient strategy of public opinion manipulation. The data for the study were obtained from quality British and American newspapers and news websites that cover events related to Russia. By using the methods of linguistic pragmatics and sociolinguistics as well as critical discourse analysis, it was proved that the ambiguity is a widely spread method in modern media, it enables journalists to write about unconfirmed facts and introduce a certain attitude towards them into the minds of the audience without bearing any responsibility for unsubstantiated information.
Russian Political Discourse in the Focus of Linguistic Ecology
Authors: Bozhenkova Natalya , Katyshev Pavel , Ionova Svetlana , Afanasyeva Elmira , Saakyan Levon
Published: November 2019

The article provides an overview of typological mechanisms in the arrangement of communicative practices in modern political discourse and methods of verbal explication of its axiological and symbolic constituents, determining mental universals in individual/collective consciousness. The study provides a systematic characterization of linguistic and social-and-cultural dominants in political interaction. Verbal indicators of social asymmetry are identified. The description of the language of political discourse aspectual data are summarized. A multilevel analysis of the component structure of political interactions is carried out. The genre specifics of legitimate and illegitimate communicative acts is taken into consideration. The combination of the methods applied in discourse analysis, such as linguistic cognitive projection, linguistic-and-cultural interpretation and functional-and-pragmatic examination of text units, enabled the researchers to identify and qualify linguo-semiotic elements of political practices. Hence, an ecolinguistic typology of basic linguistic components of political communication acts characterized by various legitimacy degrees has been carried out. The study revealed a possibility to single out a specific communicative range in Russian political discourse, in the framework of which linguistic and cultural resources of ideologically charged discursive practices would be actualized and the area of possible communication risks would be significantly expanded.
Representações sociais de doença, usos e significados atribuídos às Práticas Integrativas e Complementares por universitários
Authors: Coelho Maria Thereza Ávila Dantas , Carvalho Vinicius Pereira de , Porcino Carle
Published: November 2019

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi apreender as representações sociais de estudantes universitários sobre a doença e analisar os usos e significados conferidos por eles às Práticas Integrativas e Complementares. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa apoiada na Teoria das Representações Sociais, utilizando um questionário semiestruturado para a coleta dos dados, que incluiu, em sua estrutura, o Teste de Associação Livre de Palavras. A maior parte dos estudantes declarou estar no primeiro semestre do curso, na faixa etária de 18 a 24 anos e possuir religião. Para eles, a doença esteve mais associada ao desequilíbrio, sendo a massagem a prática mais adotada. Esses estudantes relacionaram as práticas integrativas à produção de benefícios à vida, à saúde e à manutenção ou alcance da qualidade de vida individual. Nesse sentido, as respostas sugerem que os discentes acreditam na eficácia das práticas integrativas, considerando-as como ligadas à promoção, prevenção e recuperação da saúde. Eles mostram-se abertos a outras racionalidades médicas, ainda que também estejam ligados ao modelo biomédico. Compreender como estudantes pensam a doença e a utilização de práticas integrativas colabora para atribuir sentidos aos projetos terapêuticos organizados no sistema de saúde, dirigindo-se a atenção para a construção da integralidade do cuidado.
Projeto Vivências e Estágios na Realidade do Sistema Único de Saúde: linha de fuga na formação em saúde para uma atuação na saúde coletiva
Authors: Souza Eduardo Carvalho de , Castro Júnior André Ribeiro de , Cavalcante Ana Suelen Pedroza , Torres Raimundo Augusto Martins , Silva Maria Rocineide Ferreira da
Published: November 2019

RESUMO Em um cenário no qual se tem discutido de forma intensa a formação em saúde, devido a uma fragmentação entre a teoria e a prática, entre outras deficiências que podem comprometer uma articulação direcionada à saúde coletiva, construiu-se o presente ensaio teórico, com o objetivo de refletir sobre o Projeto Vivências e Estágios na Realidade do Sistema Único de Saúde como uma linha de fuga para uma formação interprofissional para a gestão e organização do Sistema Único de Saúde. Nesse âmbito, tornou-se essencial sistematizar a discussão em dois momentos, sendo eles: Da formação fragmentada à problematizadora da realidade social; e Cenas possíveis a partir da compreensão do Sistema Único de Saúde por meio do estágio de vivência. Fundamentou-se o presente ensaio a partir da perspectiva de linha de fuga apontada por Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari, bem como da perspectiva de sujeitos, de Foucault. Por meio das reflexões realizadas, pôde-se perceber que o Projeto surgiu como uma linha de fuga que oportunizava uma formação diferenciada dos sujeitos que viriam a ser protagonistas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, com vistas a uma atuação direcionada à organização e gestão do sistema de acordo com a realidade na qual estariam inseridos, além de possibilitar a (des)transformação de uma formação cristalizada e deficiente.
Gestão de eventos QBRN e a utilização do modelo Hysplit: uma revisão integrativa de literatura
Authors: Pereira Adriana Paula Macedo Ferreira , Rodrigues Luiz Antonio da Costa , Santos Elaine Alves dos , Cardoso Telma Abdalla de Oliveira , Cohen Simone Cynamon
Published: November 2019

RESUMO O potencial risco de exposição das populações aos agentes Químicos, Biológicos, Radioativos e Nucleares (QBRN), seja por causas intencionais ou não, configura-se como questão de segurança nacional e demanda um constante aprimoramento do seu gerenciamento. Os modelos de dispersão atmosférica vêm ganhando destaque como ferramenta de apoio à gestão dos riscos aos agentes QBRN. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar e avaliar estudos que utilizaram o modelo Hysplit no contexto de eventos QBRN. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literatura de artigos publicados entre 2014 e 2018, nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science e Lilacs. A análise dos artigos selecionados permitiu verificar o potencial do uso do modelo Hysplit, enquanto modelo matemático, para compreender o transporte, a dispersão e a deposição de ameaças QBRN liberadas na atmosfera. Os dados produzidos pelas simulações geradas por esse código podem revelar quais áreas serão potencialmente impactadas em um determinado evento ou a região de origem de elementos dispersos no ar. Ademais, o Hysplit pode ser agregado como uma ferramenta de suporte às decisões perante as distintas fases da gestão de eventos QBRN.
Indolebutyric acid in “pulse” treatment on the rooting of Luehea divaricata minicuttings
Authors: Silva Karol Buuron da , Reiniger Lia Rejane Silveira , Rabaiolli Silvia Machado dos Santos , Stefanel Charlene Moro , Silva Leandro Dutra da
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT: The objective of the present research was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of Luehea divaricata minicuttings under two different cultivation periods in a greenhouse environment. The minicuttings were immersed in a hydroethanolic solution containing IBA. All minicuttings survived after 30 and 60 days of cultivation. Root formation at 30 days of cultivation with 1000 mg L-1 of IBA was 91.7%, the same rate as that observed with 4000 mg L-1. At the 1000 mg L-1 concentration, the number of roots was the greatest among all treatments, with 8.42 roots per minicutting after 30 days of cultivation. After 30 days of cultivation, the formation and number of roots with the use of 1000 mg L-1 of IBA in the “pulse” treatment produced the best outcome results, allowing the plants to spend less time in a greenhouse at a reduced concentration of auxin when compared with other treatments. However, to obtain higher averages of secondary root formation, root length, and number of leaves, it is necessary to increase the cultivation period to 60 days.
Estimating the efficiency level of different tea farming systems in Rize Province Turkey
Authors: Haq Shamsheer ul , Boz Ismet
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT: The primary purpose of this study was to analyze the efficiency level of tea farms operated by owners and shareholders, and to explore the effect of different decisional, structural and management factors on efficiency. The data were collected from a stratified sample of 138 tea farmers operated in Rize province Turkey in 2017. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) program was used to estimate the efficiency scores. Tobit model was used to explore determinants of technical efficiency. Results disclosed that farmers can reduce their inputs use by 43% without compromising their yield level. However, they have low economic efficiency (0.41). Shareholder-operated farms were highly efficient (0.76) than the owner-operated farms. The factors such as old tea parcels, high land slope, and altitude were having a significant negative effect on farms’ efficiency. Applying fertilizer in the root zone or mixed with soil, terracing of farmland, and performing of soil test was positively and significantly contributing to efficiency. Generally, the efficiency of tea farmers is low, and mostly farm management and structure related factors were negatively affecting the farmer’s efficiency. The farmers should be aware of associated benefits with early replanting tea, fertilizer application in the root zone and terracing to control their production cost.
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a marker to estimate fecal output in sheep
Authors: Peres Mylena Taborda Piquera , Batista Rafael , Twardowski Tehane de Souza , Ribeiro Filho Henrique Mendonça Nunes , Monteiro Alda Lúcia Gomes
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an external marker used to estimate fecal output based on forage intake of grazing ruminants; however, its use as marker for grazing sheep still needs attention. In the present study the TiO2 role to estimate fecal output of sheep grazing annual ryegrass was tested. Two essays were conducted in sequence using the same forage and animals. Six lacaune lambs were housed in metabolic cages. Lambs were administered 1 g TiO2 in a single (at 8:30 am, essay 1), or in two daily doses (at 8:30 am and 4:30 pm, essay 2). In both essays the TiO2 administration was followed by a 7-day period to stabilize the fecal excretion of the marker and then by a 5-day period for total collection of feces. Observed and TiO2-based estimated fecal outputs were compared, with or without correction for TiO2 fecal recovery rate (kTiO2). The kTiO2 was around 1.0 and the estimated fecal outputs were similar to the observed ones (p>0.05), regardless the number of daily doses. These results suggested that TiO2, administered in single or two daily doses, can be used as an external marker in grazing sheep.
Austerity policies in Brazil may affect violence related outcomes
Authors: Machado Daiane Borges , Pescarini Julia Moreira , Araújo Luís Fernando Silva Castro de , Barreto Maurício Lima
Published: November 2019

Abstract Economic crisis is often managed with austerity policies. These measures seem to burden the population disproportionately, with the poorer being more affected. This paper aims to investigate health outcomes performance after the recent Brazilian crisis and gauge whether that pattern also emerged. Public domain data from 2010 to 2017 was used, and it was found that suicide and homicide rates increased after 2014, while mortality by road traffic injuries decreased at the same time. Furthermore, these trends were exacerbated in the North and Northeast regions and in the municipalities with the poorest quintiles of Human Development Index (HDI). The austerity policies followed by the Brazilian economic crisis may have influenced the mortality trends due to external causes, with a possible stronger impact in the North and Northeast regions and among less developed municipalities.
Participação dos pacientes na segurança dos cuidados de saúde: revisão sistemática
Authors: Figueiredo Filipe Morais , Gálvez Ana Maria Porcel , Garcia Eugenia Gil , Eiras Margarida
Published: November 2019

Resumo O artigo objetiva identificar as estratégias utilizadas, para participação do paciente na segurança do cuidado de saúde. Revisão sistemática, norteada pelas recomendações do modelo PRISMA, nos bancos de dados: Scopus, WOS e Medline. Limitou-se a busca a estudos realizados entre janeiro de 2001 e julho de 2016, redigidos em português, inglês ou espanhol. Foram incluídos estudos observacionais, descritivos, qualitativos e/ou epidemiológicos, que descrevessem a metodologia de elaboração e/ou aplicação de, pelo menos, uma estratégia de inclusão dos pacientes na melhoria da segurança dos cuidados. A qualidade metodológica dos artigos foi avaliada usando a ferramenta Cochrane. Para analisar os resultados se fez uma análise temática. Após leitura de títulos, resumos e aplicação de critérios de exclusão, 19 artigos foram selecionados. Nestes se identificam estratégias de mobilização dos pacientes para a segurança dos cuidados, estratégias para promover a participação ativa dos pacientes na segurança dos cuidados e estratégias de solicitação de informação ao paciente sobre a segurança dos cuidados. Há na literatura diversas estratégias que promovem a participação do paciente na segurança dos cuidados, que têm formas e métodos concretos de implementação, bem como objetivos distintos para o seu uso.
A crise financeira e a saúde: o caso do município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: O’Dwyer Gisele , Graever Leonardo , Britto Fernanda Adães , Menezes Tatiane , Konder Mariana Teixeira
Published: November 2019

Resumo Este estudo explorou os efeitos da crise financeira nas receitas e despesas, na produção de serviços e indicadores de saúde e de desempenho no município do Rio de Janeiro no período de 2013 a 2018. Analisou-se receitas, despesas, parâmetros de provisão de serviços e indicadores de desempenho e de saúde, a partir de dados de acesso livre e restrito. Utilizou-se a análise institucional de Giddens. As receitas e despesas sofreram redução, sendo maiores nos investimentos e receitas não vinculadas. A provisão de serviços encolheu, com queda da cobertura na Atenção Primária, produção ambulatorial, internações totais, número de leitos, médicos e agentes comunitários de saúde, cirurgias realizadas e taxa de ocupação de hospitais. Os tempos de espera para ambulâncias, exames e consultas ambulatoriais, bem como o número de solicitações pendentes na regulação aumentaram. Indicadores de saúde e desempenho persistiram, em sua maioria, dentro dos parâmetros anteriores, corroborando a potência assistencial da Atenção Primária, apesar do impacto financeiro e estrutural da austeridade. A conjuntura atual ameaça o direito à saúde e as respostas governamentais, como a desvinculação de receitas, sinalizam uma ampliação desse risco.
“Nacer en determinado lugar te condiciona”. Salud, derecho a la ciudad, crisis y participación en un barrio reubicado
Authors: Bernat María Sofía
Published: November 2019

Resumen Este artículo analiza, en el marco de una relocalización de asentamientos, la participación y las tácticas de los/as habitantes de Barrio Nuevo y médicos/as de un Centro de Salud de La Plata (Argentina) ante la crisis acontecida a partir de la aplicación de políticas de austeridad.El supuesto del que partimos es que la participación comunitaria y en el campo de la salud (entendida en un sentido holístico) posibilita identificar e incidir en los condicionantes sociales, como el derecho a la ciudad, para favorecer transformaciones de la situación de salud del territorio. Para ello, indagaremos la crisis, las políticas actuales y los modos de participación. En particular, desarrollaremos la experiencia de un Análisis de Situación de Salud (ASIS) en el barrio y analizaremos la relación entre derecho a la salud y derecho a la ciudad.Se empleó una metodología etnográfica. Se realizaron observaciones participantes, entrevistas en profundidad, un taller de salud y se participó en el ASIS.Concluimos que hay una relación dialéctica entre derecho a la ciudad y a la salud y ésta es una construcción colectiva. Toda participación barrial fortalece las intervenciones en salud. Ello es indispensable en contextos de crisis para luchar por derechos vulnerados.
Implicações do ambiente, condições e organização do trabalho na saúde do professor: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Luz Jaqueline Galleazzi da , Pessa Sergio Luiz Ribas , Luz Roger Poglia da , Schenatto Fernando José Avancini
Published: November 2019

Resumo O estado da saúde do professor é fundamental para o êxito do processo de ensino. Além dos aspectos intrínsecos, o contexto escolar afeta o bem-estar do educador. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os principais fatores psicossociais, estruturais e relacionais na profissão docente. Uma revisão sistemática da literatura, com o uso de pesquisa eletrônica em oito bases de dados, identificou 2.479 artigos sobre o tema, publicados entre 1997 e 2016. Adotaram-se parâmetros métricos e subjetivos para a seleção nesse portfolio e, ao todo, 32 publicações restaram elegíveis para análise, das quais 29 foram publicadas na língua inglesa. Transcorrida a caracterização bibliométrica e de conteúdo do portfolio final, os trabalhos apontaram, como principais resultados de desgaste, os transtornos psicossomáticos, com ênfase para o estresse e a Síndrome de Burnout, além dos distúrbios da voz. A carga de trabalho, as relações interpessoais e as condições do ambiente escolar são destacadas como os maiores agentes dessas enfermidades. Mudanças e adequações de salas de aula, ações de prevenção e suporte social são apontadas como possíveis soluções para garantir a qualidade de vida desses profissionais.
Survival, development and reproduction of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on kaolin-treated cotton
Authors: Guedes V. S. , Silva C. A. D. , Zanuncio J. C.
Published: November 2019

Abstract The mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a cotton pest widespread in several cotton growing regions of Brazil, particularly in the semi-arid region of southwestern Bahia. The impact of kaolin on survival, development and reproduction of P. solenopsis was evaluated in the laboratory. The experiment was developed in a completely randomized design with two treatments: immature or newly emerged adults of P. solenopsis sprayed with kaolin and fed with cotton leaf discs treated with kaolin suspension (with kaolin) (T1) and immature or newly emerged adults of P. solenopsis sprayed with distilled water and fed with cotton leaf discs treated with distilled water (without kaolin) (T2). The kaolin suspension shortens the life cycle, increases the reproductive potential and population growth of the cotton mealybug, P. solenopsis and, therefore, it should be used with caution on cotton plants in regions with a history of occurrence of this pest.
Protein profile as a quality indicator of cryopreserved semen from Tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818)
Authors: Galo J. M. , Streit-Jr D. P. , Corcini C. D. , Varela-Jr A. S. , Jardim R. D. , Ribeiro R. P.
Published: November 2019

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between proteins in the seminal plasma of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) with seminal quality indicators after thawing. The semen was cryopreserved with a dilution based on BTS with 8% DMSO. A 200 µL sample of semen from each animal was diluted in 800 µL BTS, centrifuged at 800 rpm, and the supernatant was cryopreserved to further analyze of the protein profile of seminal plasma through one-dimensional electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). After 15 days of cryopreservation, a cryopreserved semen straw was thawed to analyze both qualitative and quantitative parameters. When considering all collections, the SDS-PAGE identified 15 protein bands in the seminal plasma of tambaqui. When the interaction (presence or absence) between proteins observed in the seminal plasma and the post thawed spermatic parameters was evaluated, we observed a great influence of the presence of proteins on spermatic quality. A greater (P<0.05) fertilization rate was observed with the presence of proteins 12, 34, 44, 85, and 90 kDa. Proteins in seminal plasma of tambaqui influenced the spermatic quality after thawing, and thus, they can be utilized as an indicator of sperm quality, especially the proteins with a molecular weight ≤ 50 kDa.
Sugar relationships: sexo, afeto e consumo na África do Sul e no Brasil
Authors: Tiriba Thais Henriques
Published: November 2019

Resumo: Neste artigo, analiso os valores atribuídos na África do Sul a relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais chamados sugar relationships que são estabelecidos por meio da mediação de páginas na internet e aplicativos para este fim. Trata-se de um arranjo intergeracional no qual homens de mais recursos, conhecidos como sugar daddies ou blessers, engajam-se em intercâmbios afetivo-sexuais-materiais com mulheres mais jovens. Apresento um levantamento da maneira como sugar relationships vêm sendo tratados na grande mídia em paralelo aos esforços de parte da produção local em desafiar os regimes de moralidade que informam os ânimos a respeito desses arranjos. Ao buscar as interconexões entre Brasil e África do Sul, aponto para as maneiras segundo as quais a produção brasileira vem lidando com debates e contextos similares.
Growth and physiology of maize under water salinity and nitrogen fertilization in two soils
Authors: Braz Régis dos S. , Lacerda Claudivan F. de , Assis Júnior Raimundo N. de , Ferreira Jorge F. da S. , Oliveira Adriana C. de , Ribeiro Aureliano de A.
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT The nitrogen fertilization, in general, minimizes the effects of salinity on plants, but the mitigating action depends on plant species, cultivar, soil texture and plant age, among other factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of irrigation water salinity and nitrogen fertilization on maize physiology and growth (Zea mays) in soils with different textures. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in Fortaleza City, CE, Brazil, in PVC soil columns (100 x 20 cm). The design was completely randomized using the factorial 2 x 2 x 4, referring to two soils, an Ultisol and a Quartzipsamment, nitrogen doses of 105 and 210 kg ha-1, under irrigation with saline water of 0.5, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 dS m-1, with four repetitions. With the exception of stem diameter, salinity of water impaired plant growth and leaf gas exchanges. The Ultisol provided better growth and physiological responses compared to the Quartzipsamment. The nitrogen doses did not mitigate growth variables except root biomass. The gas exchanges increased with the highest nitrogen dose, without interaction with the salinity.
Listeria monocytogenes in ham sliced in supermarkets in Recife city, Pernambuco state
Authors: Andrade Jéssica Martins de , Moura Fernanda Maria de Lino , Silva Thayná Milena Siqueira Souza , Medeiros Elizabeth Sampaio de
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate Listeria monocytogenes in ham sliced in supermarkets in Recife city, Pernambuco state. In total, 40 samples of sliced ham were collected, and 25 g of ham was added to 225 mL of Demi Fraser broth. After incubation, 0.1 mL was inoculated in Fraser broth and, subsequently, sown in supplemented Listeria Selective Agar, based on Otaviani and Agosti. The following tests were carried out for confirmation purposes: Gram stain, motility test, catalase test and cAMP test. There was L. monocytogenes in 25% (10/40) of the samples. The presence of L. monocytogenes in ready-to-eat food, such as sliced ham, is likely related to lack of proper equipment-cleaning in supermarkets, a fact that poses great risk to public health.
Perfechatividades de gênero: a contribuição das fechativas e afeminadas à teoria da performatividade de gênero
Authors: Colling Leandro , Arruda Murilo Souza , Nonato Murillo Nascimento
Published: November 2019

Resumo Este trabalho avalia algumas críticas relacionadas à teoria da performatividade de gênero, criada por Judith Butler, e propõe a perfechatividade para pensar a performatividade de gênero a partir de pesquisas sobre gays fechativos e/ou afeminados realizadas em Salvador. Para realizar esse percurso, o texto divide as críticas à Butler em dois blocos e explica como ela ampliou a teoria da performatividade de gênero e, ao mesmo tempo, respondeu aos seus críticos. Ao fazer isso, Butler qualificou a sua teoria, mas usou uma distinção entre performance e performatividade que pode ser problematizada a partir dos estudos da performance e daquilo que estamos nomeando como perfechatividade.
Ideários da Educação Feminina na Primeira República Brasileira
Authors: Valentim Renata Patricia Forain de , Martins Renata Dahwache , Rodrigues Mariana Martelo
Published: November 2019

Resumo Partindo das propostas políticas e científicas que nortearam os caminhos da Primeira República brasileira, duas questões inter-relacionadas se projetaram nesta pesquisa: resgatar as ideias básicas relacionadas à educação e à instrução da mulher, que começavam a se institucionalizar no Rio de Janeiro, e compreender os diferentes graus de adesão desse ideário pedagógico às formulações normatizadoras, higiênicas e eugênicas, que construíram o discurso hegemônico no período.
RODADA DOHA E A POSSÍVEL REDUÇÃO DE BARREIRAS TARIFÁRIAS E NÃO TARIFÁRIAS: UMA ESTIMATIVA DOS BENEFÍCIOS PARA O BRASIL POR MEIO DO MODELO DE EQUILÍBRIO GERAL COMPUTÁVEL
Authors: Rizzotto Alessandra Biavati , Azevedo André Filipe Zago de
Published: November 2019

RESUMO O objetivo do artigo é simular reduções de barreiras tarifárias e não tarifárias no âmbito multilateral da Rodada Doha e verificar quais seriam os benefícios para o Brasil. Para tanto, foi estimado um modelo de equilíbrio geral computável, por meio do software GTAP, e quatro cenários foram simulados. Os resultados mostram que, para o Brasil, nos cenários em que só são incorporadas reduções de tarifas, o setor primário e de agroindústria seriam os mais beneficiados. A redução multilateral das barreiras não tarifárias (BNT) favoreceria, especialmente, os setores industriais, de maior conteúdo tecnológico. Em relação ao bem-estar, os cenários que incorporam redução de BNT ou reduções combinadas de BNT e tarifas são os mais benéficos para todas as regiões incluídas no estudo, com ganhos mundiais que podem alcançar mais de US$ 1 trilhão.