bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Severe Case of Overlap of Morphea and Eosinophilic Fasciitis after Burn Injuries
Authors: Sami Hania , Sami Faria , Sami Shahzad Ahmed , Nashwan Abdulqadir J.
Published: May 2024

Background. Generalized morphea is a rare fibrosing skin illness that progresses from erythematous, violet‐colored skin patches to sclerotic plaques. Another uncommon immune‐mediated connective tissue disease called eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) evolves to cause sclerosis and woody skin induration. The coexistence of the two is extremely rare and has a poorer prognosis. Our case report is one of the first to report burn injuries as a trigger factor for EF and generalized morphea overlap. Case Presentation. A 36‐year‐old man presented with acute onset of rapidly progressing skin thickening, tender edema, and skin contractures involving all extremities, shortly after enduring burn injuries from a gasoline explosion. Workup was remarkable for peripheral eosinophilia, hypergammaglobulinemia, and elevated C‐reactive protein. Skin biopsy demonstrated sclerodermoid changes and sclerotic thickening of subcutaneous fibrous septa associated with stromal mucin, dermal perivascular, diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with eosinophils, decreased CD34 expression, and increased factor XIIIa. He was subsequently diagnosed with an overlap of generalized morphea and eosinophilic fasciitis. The patient had only limited improvement with steroids, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, and intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injections. Conclusion. Generalized morphea with concomitant EF indicates some degree of therapeutic resistance and poor prognosis with a low quality of life. Burn injuries can be a trigger factor for this overlap syndrome. Prompt identification of at‐risk individuals and initiating aggressive management are necessary.
Exploring the Psychiatric Manifestations of Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome: A Narrative Review
Authors: Salehi Mona , Zamiri Azadeh , Kim Jeffrey , Texeira Chenique , Shah Ketki , Gunturu Sasidhar
Published: May 2024

Background. Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is recognized for its autoimmune origin. Its hallmark symptoms, dry eyes and mouth, result from glandular inflammation. Prior literature indicates that pSS not only affects the peripheral system but also involves the central nervous system (CNS), giving rise to various neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, there is limited published research on the psychiatric comorbidities in individuals with pSS. Methods. A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar for this narrative review. The search spanned from inception until August 2023. Its aim was to locate studies focusing on the psychiatric manifestations of pSS and the potential underlying mechanisms. Results. The most commonly reported psychiatric complications among these individuals are depression and cognitive dysfunction. Other psychiatric manifestations that have been reported in pSS individuals include anxiety, sleep disorders, psychosis, catatonia, bipolar disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Conclusion. In conclusion, patients with pSS often display multiple psychiatric symptoms. These symptoms can significantly impair functioning and reduce quality of life. Hence, prompt diagnosis and management are crucial.
Atovaquone-Proguanil: A Promising Therapy for Persistent Relapsing Babesiosis
Authors: Shahid Mahum , Wechsler Brendan , Parameswaran Vinod , Diaz Mark Anthony
Published: May 2024

We report a challenging case of persistent relapsing babesiosis in an immunocompromised host that was successfully managed with atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone). Malignant B-cell transformation and immunosuppressants, such as rituximab, deplete normal B-cells which normally produce antibodies to combat Babesia infection. Treatment can be prolonged and challenging in immunocompromised hosts. Atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone) is a novel therapy that can be used as part of a salvage regimen in case antimicrobial resistance or failure exists. Weighing the risks and benefits of continuing cancer therapy treatment or reducing the level of immunosuppression may aid in treatment. These are just as important as the choice of antimicrobial therapy for effective treatment and eradication of Babesia infection, especially in immunocompromised hosts.
The Autoimmune/Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants (ASIA), Associated with Renal Compromise and Cutaneous Calcinosis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Betancur Henao Cristian , Rifaldo Juan Guillermo , Vicente-Pérez Rafael , Martinez-Avila Maria Cristina , Daza-Arnedo Rodrigo , Rico-Fontalvo Jorge
Published: May 2024

The autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) was first introduced in 2011 to provide a more precise syndromic characterization of clinical manifestations observed in patients exposed to adjuvant substances such as biopolymers and silicone, among others. The clinical spectrum of this entity is variable, ranging from local involvement to potentially fatal immune-mediated systemic involvement. The interest in ASIA has grown in recent years, reinforcing diagnostic criteria and deepening the understanding of its pathophysiological behavior. This case report highlights a distinct range of clinical symptoms, such as general symptoms, advanced-stage chronic kidney disease, persistent hypercalcemia with suppressed parathyroid hormone (PTH), bilateral nephrocalcinosis, cutaneous calcinosis, and the presence of positive autoantibodies, emphasizing the significance of understanding this condition.
Table S2 from Identification of MUC1-C as a Target for Suppressing Progression of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Nakashoji Ayako , Haratake Naoki , Bhattacharya Atrayee , Mao Weipu , Xu Kangjie , Wang Keyi , Daimon Tatsuaki , Ozawa Hiroki , Shigeta Keisuke , Fushimi Atsushi , Yamashita Nami , Morimoto Yoshihiro , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Saito Shin , Egloff Ann Marie , Uppaluri Ravindra , Long Mark D. , Kufe Donald
Published: May 2024

Primers used for ChIP-PCR.
Figure S7 from Identification of MUC1-C as a Target for Suppressing Progression of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Nakashoji Ayako , Haratake Naoki , Bhattacharya Atrayee , Mao Weipu , Xu Kangjie , Wang Keyi , Daimon Tatsuaki , Ozawa Hiroki , Shigeta Keisuke , Fushimi Atsushi , Yamashita Nami , Morimoto Yoshihiro , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Saito Shin , Egloff Ann Marie , Uppaluri Ravindra , Long Mark D. , Kufe Donald
Published: May 2024

Single-cell profiling of the expression of MUC1 and related genes in HNSCC.
FIGURE 3 from Identification of MUC1-C as a Target for Suppressing Progression of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Nakashoji Ayako , Haratake Naoki , Bhattacharya Atrayee , Mao Weipu , Xu Kangjie , Wang Keyi , Daimon Tatsuaki , Ozawa Hiroki , Shigeta Keisuke , Fushimi Atsushi , Yamashita Nami , Morimoto Yoshihiro , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Saito Shin , Egloff Ann Marie , Uppaluri Ravindra , Long Mark D. , Kufe Donald
Published: May 2024

MUC1-C regulates expression of PRRs and effectors of the type I and II IFN pathways. A, CAL27/tet-MUC1shRNA cells treated with vehicle or DOX for 6 days were analyzed for RIG-I and MDA5 mRNA levels. The results (mean ± SD of four determinations) are expressed as relative levels compared with that obtained for vehicle-treated cells (assigned a value of 1). B, CAL27 cells expressing the indicated vectors were treated with vehicle or DOX for 7 days. Lysates were immunoblotted with antibodies against the indicated proteins. C, CAL27/tet-MUC1shRNA cells treated with vehicle or DOX for 7 days were analyzed for STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9 mRNA levels. The results (mean ± SD of four determinations) are expressed as relative levels compared with that obtained for vehicle-treated cells (assigned a value of 1). D, CAL27 cells expressing the indicated vectors were treated with vehicle or DOX for 7 days. Lysates were immunoblotted with antibodies against the indicated proteins. E, CAL27/tet-MUC1shRNA cells treated with vehicle or DOX for 7 days were analyzed for OAS1, MX1, and ISG15 mRNA levels. The results (mean ± SD of four determinations) are expressed as relative levels compared with that obtained for vehicle-treated cells (assigned a value of 1). F, CAL27 cells expressing the indicated vectors were treated with vehicle or DOX for 7 days. Lysates were immunoblotted with antibodies against the indicated proteins. G, CAL27/tet-MUC1shRNA cells treated with vehicle or DOX for 7 days were analyzed for GBP-1, IDO-1, and WARS mRNA levels. The results (mean ± SD of four determinations) are expressed as relative levels compared with that obtained for vehicle-treated cells (assigned a value of 1). H, CAL27 cells expressing the indicated vectors were treated with vehicle or DOX for 7 days. Lysates were immunoblotted with antibodies against the indicated proteins.
FIGURE 2 from Identification of MUC1-C as a Target for Suppressing Progression of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Nakashoji Ayako , Haratake Naoki , Bhattacharya Atrayee , Mao Weipu , Xu Kangjie , Wang Keyi , Daimon Tatsuaki , Ozawa Hiroki , Shigeta Keisuke , Fushimi Atsushi , Yamashita Nami , Morimoto Yoshihiro , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Saito Shin , Egloff Ann Marie , Uppaluri Ravindra , Long Mark D. , Kufe Donald
Published: May 2024

MUC1-C regulates a global transcriptional program enriched for STAT/IRF signaling in HNSCC cells. A, RNA-seq was performed on CAL27/tet-MUC1shRNA and HSC3/tet-MUC1shRNA cells treated with vehicle or DOX for 7 days. Volcano plots depicting downregulated (blue) and upregulated (red) DEGs (FDR<0.05; FC>2). Highlighted are the top DEGs by significance and magnitude. B, Common downregulated and upregulated genes in CAL27 and HSC3 cells with MUC1-C silencing. C, Purified chromatin from CAL27/tet-MUC1shRNA cells treated with vehicle or DOX for 7 days was immunoblotted with antibodies against the indicated proteins. D and E, Candidate enrichment plots for the HALLMARK INTERFERON ALPHA RESPONSE (D), HALLMARK INTERFERON GAMMA RESPONSE (E) gene signatures. F and G, Box plots of selected ISG expression in CAL27 (F) and HSC3 (G) cells with MUC1-C silencing.
Cognitive Outcome after Acute Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Analysis of the iDEF Randomized Trial
Authors: Lioutas Vasileios-Arsenios , Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Shoamanesh Ashkan , Vahidy Farhaan , Heistand Elizabeth C. , Foster Lydia D. , Yeatts Sharon D. , Selim Magdy ,   on behalf of the iDEF investigators
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The impact of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) on cognition and the determinants of cognitive recovery early after ICH remain elusive. In this post hoc analysis of the intracerebral hemorrhage deferoxamine (iDEF) trial, we examined the trajectories of cognitive impairment and the determinants of early cognitive recovery after ICH. Methods: We examined baseline factors associated with a 90-day cognitive outcome and constructed generalized linear mixed models to examine the trajectory of cognitive function over time among iDEF participants. Cognition was measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores on days 7, 30, and 90. Results: 291 were available for analysis under the trial’s modified intention-to-treat definition (38% female, mean age 60.3 ± 12.0 years, median NIHSS 13, IQR 8–18). The median baseline ICH volume was 12.9 IQR (6.4–26.0) mL; 59 (20%) of the ICH cases were lobar, 120 (41%) had intraventricular extension. There was an overall significant increase in total MOCA score with time (p < 0.0001). Total MOCA score increased by an estimated 3.9 points (95% CI: 3.1, 4.7) between the day 7 and day 30 assessments and by an additional 2.9 points (95% CI: 2.2, 3.6) between the day 30 and day 90 assessments. Despite the overall improvement, 134 of 205 (65%) patients with an available 90-day MoCA score remained cognitively impaired with a score <26 on day 90. Older age, higher NIHSS score, baseline ICH volume, intraventricular hemorrhage, and perihematoma edema had an adjusted negative impact on cognitive recovery. Conclusions: Although ICH survivors exhibit significant improvement of cognitive status over the first 3 months, cognitive performance remains impaired in the majority of patients. Among factors independently associated with worse cognitive recovery, higher baseline ICH, intraventricular blood and perihematomal edema volumes, are potential therapeutic targets that merit further exploration.
Epibulbar Complex Choristoma Containing Bone: A Case Report and Closer Look at Classifications
Authors: Angus Zachary George , McKelvie Penelope , Hardy Thomas G.
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Epibulbar choristoma is a benign congenital lesion containing histologically normal-appearing tissue in an abnormal ectopic location. An epibulbar choristoma is classified as either epibulbar dermoid, dermolipoma, or complex choristoma based on histological examination. The case presented was a presumed epibulbar dermolipoma with no signs of ossification on imaging, examination, or intraoperatively until the specimen was examined histologically, clarifying the lesion as an epibulbar complex choristoma. Reassuringly, the presence of bone in such lesions should not change management. Case Presentation: A mother noticed a small fleshy mass on her 9-year-old daughter’s superotemporal bulbar conjunctiva. The suspected epibulbar dermolipoma was confirmed with MRI and initially managed conservatively. Two years later, she was referred for apparent growth and cosmetic concerns, and she underwent surgical debulking. Conclusion: We present this case for its unusual presentation and histological findings. Orbital surgeons should be aware of the possibility of ossification of epibulbar choristomas and avoid confusion with alternative diagnoses. Clarification of the latest classification system for epibulbar choristomas is provided.
The Effect of Oral Fluid Administration 1 Hour before Surgery on Preoperative Anxiety and Gastric Volume in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Bozoglu Akgun Burcu , Hatipoglu Zehra , Gulec Ersel , Turktan Mediha , Ozcengiz Dilek
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Today, preoperative fasting guidelines have changed, allowing clear liquid intake up to 1 h before surgery. However, concerns remain regarding the risk of aspiration associated with clear liquid intake. This study aimed to investigate the impact of clear fluid given 1 h before surgery on child anxiety and gastric volumes. Methods: A prospective, randomized, controlled study included 90 patients aged 5–12 years. The patients were randomly allocated into three groups by a computer-generated randomization: group F (n = 30): standard fasting group, group W (n = 30): patients who received oral water at a dose of 5 mL/kg 1 h before surgery, group C (n = 30): patients who received oral carbohydrate fluid at a dose of 5 mL/kg 1 h before surgery. All patients were assessed using the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (m-YPAS) before and 1 h after fluid administration. Antral cross-sectional area (CSA) was measured with ultrasonography after intubation, and gastric residual volume (GRV) was calculated. Hemodynamic data, blood sugar level, and parental satisfaction were also recorded. Results: The m-YPAS scores obtained after 1 h were significantly lower in group C than in the other groups (p < 0.001). Antral CSA and GRV values were lower in group C and group W than in the fasting group (p < 0.001). Parental satisfaction was highest in group C. Conclusion: This study suggests that allowing a carbohydrate-rich clear liquid intake 1 h before surgery can significantly reduce preoperative anxiety in pediatric patients without increasing the risk of aspiration.
Weaning von invasiver Beatmung: Multiresistente Bakterien beeinflussen den Erfolg
Authors: Knoch Johannes
Published: May 2024

Background: Although multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) are common in patients undergoing prolonged weaning, there is little data on their impact on weaning and patient outcomes. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients who underwent prolonged weaning and were at a university weaning centre from January 2018 to December 2020. The influence of MDR colonisation and infection on weaning success (category 3a and 3b), successful prolonged weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) with or without the need for non-invasive ventilation (NIV) compared with category 3c (weaning failure 3cI or death 3cII) was investigated. The pathogen groups considered were: multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDRGN), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE). Results: A total of 206 patients were studied, of whom 91 (44.2%) showed evidence of MDR bacteria (32% VRE, 1.5% MRSA and 16% MDRGN), with 25 patients also meeting the criteria for MDR infection. 70.9% of the 206 patients were successfully weaned from IMV, 8.7% died. In 72.2% of cases, nosocomial pneumonia and other infections were the main cause of death. Patients with evidence of MDR (infection and colonisation) had a higher incidence of weaning failure than those without evidence of MDR (48% vs. 34.8% vs. 21.7%). In multivariate analyses, MDR infection (OR 4.9, p = 0.004) was an independent risk factor for weaning failure, along with male sex (OR 2.3, p = 0.025), Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 1.2, p = 0.027), pH (OR 2.7, p < 0.001) and duration of IMV before admission (OR 1.01, p < 0.001). In addition, MDR infection was the only independent risk factor for death (category 3cII), (OR 6.66, p = 0.007). Conclusion: Patients with MDR infection are significantly more likely to die during the weaning process. There is an urgent need to develop non-antibiotic approaches for the prevention and treatment of MDR infections as well as clinical research on antibiotic stewardship in prolonged weaning as well as in ICUs.
Safety Profile and Effectiveness of Dapagliflozin in Pediatric Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Van Reeth Olil , Caliment Ancuta , de la Fuente Garcia Isabel , Niel Olivier
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Nephroprotection in pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a major positive impact, both on residual renal function and on quality of life, by delaying the need for renal replacement therapy. To this day, nephroprotective drugs used in children are mainly limited to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers; interestingly, as suggested by trials conducted in adults with CKD, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) might also be beneficial to pediatric patients. However, there are no validated data to this date documenting the effect of SGLT2i in pediatric patients with CKD. Methods: We present a retrospective single-center study reporting the use of dapagliflozin in pediatric patients with CKD, aiming to evaluate dapagliflozin safety profile as well as its potential for renal protection. Our study describes 7 patients with a mean age of 13.3 years (+/− 7.029) presenting with identified glomerulopathy, leading to CKD and already treated by ACE inhibitors. Patients received a daily dose of dapagliflozin of 5 or 10 mg. Results: Over a period of 15 months, all patients reported the medication as easy to use. After an initial dip, estimated glomerular filtration rate decline slope stabilized in all patients. Urinary albumin-over-creatinine ratio had a strong tendency to decrease after 6 months of treatment (p = 0.0684). Systolic blood pressure also had a tendency to decrease after 6 months of treatment (p = 0.1). No significant side effect was reported by the patients. Conclusion: The promising results presented in this study support the use of SGLT2i in pediatric patients with CKD, although larger, randomized controlled trials in pediatric patients are necessary to better characterize their effectiveness in this particular population.
La comunidad de interpretación: una salida posible a la encerrona imaginaria en las instituciones educativas
Authors: Ferreyra Ana Carolina
Published: May 2024

Tras una investigación realizada en el año 2020 en el marco del Programa de Psicoanálisis y prácticas socioeducativas de la FLACSO Argentina que se proponía cernir los modos en que se presenta el malestar en ámbitos socio-educativos, se delimitaron seis nudos críticos, entre los que se ubicaban las dificultades que supone el trabajo con la multiplicidad de profesionales en el ámbito educativo. Apelando a la clínica socio-educativa orientada por el psicoanálisis en perspectiva transdisciplinaria se construye, un caso paradigmático. Ingresando por aquello que se zanja en la micropolítica institucional a partir de escenas particulares se dirimen las lógicas subjetivas, institucionales y sociales que operan en lo que “no anda”, se ubica la transferencia como concepto clave para su comprensión y se presenta un dispositivo posible para su abordaje.
Efectos en la posición subjetiva profesional en una formación del profesorado con orientación psicoanalítica
Authors: Zelmanovich Perla
Published: May 2024

Este trabajo muestra efectos de una práctica de formación orientada por el psicoanálisis para abordar la posición subjetiva profesional, haciendo foco en la distinción entre dificultad y obstáculo para la lectura de los impasses en la función docente. Presenta fundamentos basados en un saber referencial psicoanalítico con específicidad para la praxis educativa, sustentado en la investigación y en la clínica socioeducativa que contempla el anudamiento de tres dimensiones del síntoma: socio-histórica, institucional y subjetiva.  Propone una ética de las consecuencias que encuentra su causa en la hiancia estructural entre pulsión y cultura, y su tratamento a partir del tiempo subjetivo profesional orientado a producir un sujeto implicado en su propio malestar.
Risk Factors and Outcomes Associated With Heart Failure With Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction in People With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Bansal Nisha , Zelnick Leila R. , Scherzer Rebecca , Estrella Michelle , Shlipak Michael G.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Heart failure (HF) is associated with poor outcomes in people with chronic kidney disease, yet it is unknown whether outcomes differ by HF subtype. This study aimed to examine associations of incident HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) versus HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) with progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and mortality.

METHODS:

We studied individuals with chronic kidney disease in the CRIC study (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort) who were free of HF at cohort entry. Incident HF hospitalizations were adjudicated and classified into HFpEF (ejection fraction, ≥50%) or HFrEF (ejection fraction, <50%) based on echocardiograms performed during the hospitalization or at a research study visit. ESKD was defined as need for chronic dialysis or kidney transplant. Cox proportional hazards were used to evaluate the association of time-updated HF subtype with risk of ESKD and mortality, adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, and medication use.

RESULTS:

Among the 3557 study participants without HF at cohort entry, mean age was 57 years and mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 45 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
. A total of 682 participants had incident HF. Incidence rates for HFpEF and HFrEF were 0.9 (95% CI, 0.8–1.0) and 0.7 (95% CI, 0.6–0.8) per 100 person-years, respectively (
P
difference
=0.005). Associations of incident HF with progression to ESKD were not statistically different for HFpEF (hazard ratio, 2.06 [95% CI, 1.66–2.56]) and HFrEF (hazard ratio, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.36–2.38];
P
=0.42). The associations with mortality were stronger for HFrEF (hazard ratio, 2.73 [95% CI, 2.24–3.33]) compared with HFpEF (hazard ratio, 1.99 [95% CI, 1.65–2.40];
P
=0.0002).

CONCLUSIONS:

In a chronic kidney disease population, the rates of HFpEF hospitalizations were greater than that of HFrEF. Risk of ESKD was high but not statically different across HF subtypes. There was a stronger association of HFrEF with mortality. Prevention and treatment of both HFpEF and HFrEF should be central priorities to improve outcomes in chronic kidney disease.
Uncovering Unrecognized Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Among Individuals With Obesity and Dyspnea
Authors: Kosyakovsky Leah B. , Liu Elizabeth E. , Wang Jessica K. , Myers Lisa , Parekh Juhi K. , Knauss Hanna , Lewis Gregory D. , Malhotra Rajeev , Nayor Matthew , Robbins Jeremy M. , Gerszten Robert E. , Hamburg Naomi M. , McNeill Jenna N. , Lau Emily S. , Ho Jennifer E.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Although heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has become the predominant heart failure subtype, it remains clinically under-recognized. HFpEF diagnosis is particularly challenging in the setting of obesity given the limitations of natriuretic peptides and resting echocardiography. We examined invasive and noninvasive HFpEF diagnostic criteria among individuals with obesity and dyspnea without known cardiovascular disease to determine the prevalence of hemodynamic HFpEF in the community.

METHODS:

Research volunteers with dyspnea and obesity underwent resting echocardiography; participants with possible pulmonary hypertension qualified for invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing. HFpEF was defined using rest or exercise pulmonary capillary wedge pressure criteria (≥15 mm Hg or Δpulmonary capillary wedge pressure/Δcardiac output slope, >2.0 mm Hg·L
−1
·min
−
1).

RESULTS:

Among n=78 participants (age, 53±13 years; 65% women; body mass index, 37.3±6.8 kg/m
2
), 40 (51%) met echocardiographic criteria to undergo invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing. In total, 24 participants (60% among the cardiopulmonary exercise testing group, 31% among the total sample) were diagnosed with HFpEF by rest or exercise pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (n=12) or exercise criteria (n=12). There were no differences in NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; 79 [62–104] versus 73 [57–121] pg/mL) or resting echocardiography (mitral E/e′ ratio, 9.1±3.1 versus 8.0±2.7) among those with versus without HFpEF (
P
>0.05 for all). Distributions of HFpEF diagnostic scores were similar, with the majority classified as intermediate risk (100% versus 93.75% [H
2
FPEF] and 87.5% versus 68.75% [HFA-PEFF (Heart Failure Association Pretest assessment, echocardiography and natriuretic peptide, functional testing, and final etiology)] in those with versus without HFpEF).

CONCLUSIONS:

Among adults with obesity and dyspnea without known cardiovascular disease, at least a third had clinically unrecognized HFpEF uncovered on invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Clinical, biomarker, resting echocardiography, and diagnostic scores were similar among those with and without HFpEF. These results suggest clinical underdiagnosis of HFpEF among individuals with obesity and dyspnea and highlight limitations of noninvasive testing in the identification of HFpEF.
Computed Tomography Angiography Characteristics of Thin‐Cap Fibroatheroma in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Suzuki Keishi , Kinoshita Daisuke , Niida Takayuki , Yuki Haruhito , Fujimoto Daichi , Dey Damini , Lee Hang , McNulty Iris , Takano Masamichi , Mizuno Kyoichi , Ferencik Maros , Kakuta Tsunekazu , Jang Ik‐Kyung
Published: May 2024

Background

It was recently reported that thin‐cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) detected by optical coherence tomography was an independent predictor of future cardiac events in patients with diabetes. However, the clinical usefulness of this finding is limited by the invasive nature of optical coherence tomography. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) characteristics of TCFA have not been systematically studied. The aim of this study was to investigate CTA characteristics of TCFA in patients with diabetes.

Methods and Results

Patients with diabetes who underwent preintervention CTA and optical coherence tomography were included. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed for plaques on CTA. TCFA was assessed by optical coherence tomography. Among 366 plaques in 145 patients with diabetes, 111 plaques had TCFA. The prevalence of positive remodeling (74.8% versus 50.6%,
P
<0.001), low attenuation plaque (63.1% versus 33.7%,
P
<0.001), napkin‐ring sign (32.4% versus 11.0%,
P
<0.001), and spotty calcification (55.0% versus 34.9%,
P
<0.001) was significantly higher in TCFA than in non‐TCFA. Low‐density noncalcified plaque volume (25.4 versus 15.7 mm
3
,
P
<0.001) and remodeling index (1.30 versus 1.20,
P
=0.002) were higher in TCFA than in non‐TCFA. The presence of napkin‐ring sign, spotty calcification, high low‐density noncalcified plaque volume, and high remodeling index were independent predictors of TCFA. When all 4 predictors were present, the probability of TCFA increased to 82.4%.

Conclusions

The combined qualitative and quantitative plaque analysis of CTA may be helpful in identifying TCFA in patients with diabetes.

Registration Information

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04523194.
Novelty in Arundinella (Arundinelleae, Panicoideae, Poaceae): Morphological and Molecular Evidences for a New Species from Sikkim Himalaya
Authors: SAHA SUPARNA , BANERJEE ARNAB , D. DWIVEDI MAYANK , PRADHAN DURGA K. , MAITY DEBABRATA
Published: May 2024

A new species Arundinella namprikensis in the genus Arundinella supported by both morphological and molecular evidences, from the mountains of Sikkim Himalaya is described and illustrated. This species maintains its uniqueness from morphologically allied species A. nepalensis and A. cochinchinensis by possessing smooth and glabrous rhizomes, glabrous culm node, 5–7-veined lower and upper glumes, bisexual lower floret and the lower lemma almost always with 7 veins. Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ITS sequences strongly supported the distinctiveness of A. namprikensis by forming a well-defined clade within Arundinella with its accessions sufficiently away from its close relatives, A. nepalensis and A. cochinchinensis. Information on its phenology, habitat, distribution and additional specimens examined are provided.
Extreme Rainfall Risk in Hurricane Ida’s Extratropical Stage: An Analysis with Convection-Permitting Ensemble Hindcasts
Authors: Menemenlis Sofia , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Gao Kun , Smith James A. , Cheng Kai-Yuan
Published: May 2024

The extratropical stage of Hurricane Ida (2021) brought extreme subdaily rainfall and devastating flooding to parts of eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York. We investigate the predictability and character of this event using 31-member ensembles of perturbed initial condition hindcasts with the Tropical Atlantic version of GFDL’s System for High-resolution prediction on Earth-to-Local Domains (T-SHiELD), a ∼13-km global weather forecast model with a ∼3-km nested grid. At lead times of up to 4 days, the ensembles are able to capture the most extreme observed hourly and daily rainfall accumulations but are negatively biased in the spatial extent of heavy precipitation. Large intraensemble differences in the magnitudes and locations of simulated extremes suggest that although impacts were highly localized, risks were widespread. In Ida’s tropical stage, interensemble spread in extreme hourly rainfall is well predicted by large-scale moisture convergence; by contrast, in Ida’s extratropical stage, the most extreme rainfall is governed by mesoscale processes that exhibit chaotic and diverse forms across the ensembles. Our results are relevant to forecasting and communication in advance of extratropical transition and imply that flood preparedness efforts should account for the widespread possibility of severe localized impacts.

Significance Statement

After making landfall in Louisiana, Hurricane Ida (2021) transitioned to an extratropical storm which brought extreme rainfall and unprecedented flooding to parts of the northeastern United States. To what extent were these impacts knowable in advance? We use a numerical weather model with very high resolution to produce ensemble hindcasts—simulations of a past weather event initialized with tiny perturbations to the initial conditions, representing dozens of equally plausible versions of Ida’s extratropical stage. We find that the observed hourly and daily rainfall maxima fall within the simulated outcomes of ensembles initialized with lead times of about 4 days or less. The location and intensity of the heaviest rainfall vary widely across these ensembles, suggesting that many locations across the Northeast were exposed to some likelihood of extreme rainfall.
Effect of salt–fog spray environment on bending fatigue properties of 3D woven composites
Authors: Zhao Shibo , Chen Li , Gao Ziyue
Published: May 2024

In this study, the effect of salt–fog spray corrosion environment on bending fatigue properties of three-dimensional (3D) woven composites was investigated. Three test environmental conditions, namely a normal environment, two cycles of salt–fog spray corrosion environment, and four cycles of salt–fog spray corrosion environment, were designed. In addition, the salt–fog spray corrosion mechanism, the bending fatigue properties, damage mechanisms, and failure modes of 3D woven composites were studied. The results showed that the bending strength and bending modulus decreased by 5.5 and 9.3%, and 2.27 and 3.45% after two and four salt–fog spray cycles, respectively, compared with that of the normal environment. The bending fatigue properties of 3D woven composites were related to the applied stress and salt–fog spray cycles. The salt–fog spray environment was responsible for the degradation of the interface bonding strength. The maximum reduction ratio of bending fatigue life after salt–fog spray treatment exceeded 70%. The brittle fracture characteristics of 3D woven composite yarn were more pronounced with an increase in salt–fog spray aging cycles.
Reinforcing effects of ground tyre rubber on physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of polyethylene terephthalate
Authors: Dasgupta Archisman , Dutta Prasenjit
Published: May 2024

This study examines the use of waste and recyclable polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) along with micro-sized ground tire rubber (GTR) to produce a polymer matrix composite (PMC) material. The PMC materials are made in a Twin-screw extruder, with different ratios of rPET to GTR ranging from 90:10 to 50:50. In order to assess the performance of the newly created rPET-GTR matrix composite materials, the physical, mechanical properties are empirically observed. The thermal properties and crystallinity (Xc) of PMC materials are analysed using DSC. SEM and microscopic imaging are used to determine the characteristics of rPET-GTR composite materials, including elemental compositions like carbon, oxygen, and silicon. The functional group and chemical structure are confirmed through IR spectra analysis using FTIR techniques. The inclusion of micro-sized GTR has shown a significant effect on the physical (density = 1.306 - 1.208 g/cm3, water absorption = 1.76%–10.74%, and melt flow index = 8.12 - 12.79 gm/10 min), mechanical (tensile strength = 52.78 – 73.58 MPa, impact strength = 110.64 - 138.44 J/m, hardness = 56.14 - 76.37, and flexural modulus = 66.23 - 106.32 MPa), and thermal (melting temperature = 220.25°C–192.57°C, Xc = 20.30 to 30.58%) properties of rPET. These studies all work together to improve the performance of waste rPET and GTR materials by repurposing them. It helps to promote sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and expands the range of applications (automotive parts, building materials, sports equipment, electrical insulation and prosthetics) for rPET-based composites with potential uses in the polymer industries.
Considerations of Age and Demography for Early Christ Groups
Authors: LaFosse Mona Tokarek
Published: May 2024

Age is an integral part of social interaction and identity but has been largely neglected in studies of early Christ groups. An understanding of the demography (the study of population patterns) of first century Roman cultures in the ancient Mediterranean is critical if one is to avoid, as much as possible, anachronistic and ethnocentric understandings of age in early Christ groups. Although average life expectancy at birth was low (mid-20s to early 30s), people did not expect to die young. This paper reviews ancient demographic evidence used to estimate life expectancy in the ancient Mediterranean (census data in papyri, funerary inscriptions, material culture and model life tables) and assesses Richard P. Saller’s simulation of the kin universe (1994). Clarifying the implications of demography is critical for studying the rhetoric and realities of age in early Christ groups in their ancient Mediterranean settings.
Detection of data tampering attack in FIR system identification with binary-valued observations
Authors: Jia Ruizhe , Su Ruinan , Yu Peng , Song Yong , Guo Jin
Published: May 2024

This paper addresses the security detection of data tampering attack in identification of finite impulse response systems with quantized observations. First, we designed a detection algorithm for data tampering attack based on the prior information of the system and gave its online detection form. Second, the introduction of the concepts of the false judgment rate and the missed judgment rate gave a specific evaluation index for the performance of the detection algorithm. Considering the high nonlinearity of binary quantized and the difficulty of obtaining distribution function, we provided calculation methods for two indexes and gave expressions under large samples. Then, the effects of the data length, the prior information of the system parameter, and the attack strategy on the detection algorithm are discussed in this paper. Finally, the theoretical results are verified by numerical simulation.
Effect of Preoperative Neck Radiotherapy on the Reconstruction of Head and Neck Defects With the Supraclavicular Artery Island Flap
Authors: Zhou Jing , Zuo Erdong , Ding Yiming , Wu Jun , Jin Yonggang , Chen Xiaohong
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The supraclavicular artery island (SAI) flap is commonly used in the reconstruction of head and neck defects. However, the safety of SAI flaps for neck irradiated patient needs to be verified. To investigate the safety of using the SAI flap for patients who have undergone neck radiotherapy, as well as the risk factors for flap complications. Materials and Methods: Sixty-one patients (16 irradiated and 45 nonirradiated) with SAI flap-reconstructed head and neck defects were included, and relevant data were collected retrospectively. The gender, age, body mass index, presence of diabetes mellitus, preoperative albumin level, and flap size between irradiated and nonirradiated patients had no significant difference. Results: No significant difference was observed in the incidence of complications (total, mild, or severe) between the radiotherapy and nonradiotherapy groups. In univariate analysis, preoperative radiotherapy was not associated with postoperative complications of the SAI flap procedure ( P = 1.00), while a low preoperative albumin level was a significant risk factor for postoperative complications ( P < .05). Conclusions: Our data suggest that preoperative radiotherapy does not increase the risk of SAI flap postoperative complications compared with surgical reconstruction alone.
Policymaking under tough economic times: Parties, policy issues and the adoption of programmatic policies
Authors: Borgnino Giorgia
Published: May 2024

To what extent is partisan ability to shape policies affected by an economic downturn? Based on the analysis of the fulfilment of 2,412 election pledges in Italy (1996–2018), this article demonstrates that governing parties prioritize different types of promises in tough economic times compared to normal or growing periods. Despite the presence of important constraints, parties have incentives to still try to carve out space for (some of) their policy preferences. In addition, results suggest that the effect of the economic context on pledge fulfilment is contingent on: (a) the policy issue; and (b) parties’ political affiliation.
Same as It Ever Was: An Updated Review of Replication Studies in Special Education Journals
Authors: Cook Bryan G. , Therrien William J. , Waterfield Danielle A. , McClain Suzanne , Fleming Jesse I. , Robinson Hannah , Watson Latesha , Boyle Joseph
Published: May 2024

Despite the importance of replication studies, previous reviews showed that they comprised less than 1% of publications in special education journals. This review conceptually replicates Lemons and colleagues’ previous review to provide updated rates of replication studies in special education journals. We identified 78 studies published in 44 special education journals between 2015 and 2022 that used the term replicat* and met our definition of replication, constituting 0.54% of all publications. Similar to previous findings, most replication studies were conceptual, successfully replicated previous results, and were conducted by one or more authors of the study being replicated. Replications with author overlap were significantly more likely to successfully reproduce the findings of the original study. Journal impact factor was significantly and positively related to journal-level replication rate. Publication rates of replications in special education journals remain similar to previous decades, suggesting that additional efforts are needed to increase the publication of replication research.
W.E.B. Du Bois and Irene Diggs: Gender, Erasures, and Knowledge Production in the Sociology of the Global Color Line
Authors: Vásquez Jorge Daniel
Published: May 2024

The global sociology of W.E.B. Du Bois developed during the 1940s relies significantly on a collaborative relationship with African-American sociologist and anthropologist Irene Diggs (1906–1998). Diggs was mentored by Du Bois as a graduate student at Atlanta University and later became his research assistant, secretary, and colleague. No person worked for and with Du Bois as Diggs did, for nearly 14 years. In her own work, Diggs transcended Du Bois. Using archival documentary research, I analyze the connection between Diggs and Du Bois to show how they developed a global sociological perspective that included an analysis of the color line in Latin America. My analysis has two goals: (1) to show how the Du Bois–Diggs relationship was permeated by gender inequalities and a misrecognition of Diggs’s critical contribution and (2) to introduce Irene Diggs’s work on Latin America between 1942 and 1953 to show how it was inscribed within the project of a global sociology of the color line. I discuss how Diggs’s historical sociology expands the analysis of the Latin American color line today.
Design synthesis of melamine amino tris-methylene phosphonate modified halloysite nanotubes for epoxy resin with simultaneously improved flame retardancy, dielectric properties and mechanical performance
Authors: Zhang Wen , Cao Zhilin , Chao Ling , Wang Zhengzhou
Published: May 2024

The development of epoxy resin (EP) with simultaneous enhancements in flame retardancy, mechanical performance, and low dielectric properties represents a significant and complex challenge. In this study, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were modified with melamine amino tris-methylene phosphonate (MA) to produce MA-modified HNTs (HMA), which were then integrated into EP to form EP/HMA composites. The incorporation of 1 wt% HMA significantly enhanced the flame retardancy (limit oxygen index up to 29.7%, UL-94 V-0 rating), reduced peak heat release rate by 23.4%, decreased total heat release by 11.9%, reduced total smoke production by 18.4%, and improved mechanical properties (tensile strength by 17.0%, impact strength by 61.0%) compared to pure EP. Additionally, EP/HMA showed a low dielectric constant (3.16) and a dielectric loss (0.019) at 1 GHz. This research presents a versatile strategy for creating multifunctional EP composites with high potential for applications in microelectronics, electronic packaging, and other relevant fields.
High–speed train crash safety assessment for Train–moose collisions
Authors: Peng Yong , Hu Zhengsheng , Deng Min , Wang Kui , Yu Yangyang , Che Quanwei , Deng Gongxun
Published: May 2024

The increasing number of train–moose collision accidents threatens train running safety. This study investigated the bullet train–moose collision process and explored the effect of parameters on the dynamic responses. The multibody (MB) model was developed and validated against real–world collisions and the validated finite element model. A parametric study including the moose size, train speed, moose velocity, moose offset, and impact angle was conducted using MADYMO software. The lateral and longitudinal displacements of the moose’s center of gravity (CG) were used to evaluate the crash safety. The results showed that the moose size significantly affects moose impact dynamics and kinematics. The velocity and the offset of the moose were positively correlated with the lateral displacement. However, there was an obvious nonlinear relationship between the train speed and the lateral displacement. With the increase in the collision speed, the front–end deformation weakens the obstacle removal effect of the front hatch. The landing spots of the small–sized moose were the most concentrated, which means greater risk of secondary collisions. This study provides practical help for improving the running safety of high–speed trains and protecting wild animals along railways.
Dynamic coupling effects of injection on spray and mixture formation in an asymmetrically vibrating combustion engine
Authors: Peng Shizhuo , Yuan Chenheng , Lu Jiangchuan
Published: May 2024

Enhanced methods of energy conversion present a viable solution for addressing energy load challenges. This study introduces a vibrating combustion engine designed to enhance energy conversion efficiency by harnessing flexible dynamics and variable asymmetric motion. However, the consideration of its unique dynamic effects has emerged as a pivotal challenge in fuel-air mixing and combustion research. This study introduces a fuel spray and mixing simulation method that facilitates the reciprocal exchange of coupling parameters between the combustion and dynamics models. It iterates the simulation outcomes of motion and combustion to predict mixture formation. Subsequently, the method is employed to explore the impact of injection position on fuel spray and mixture formation. Results show that there is an optimum injection position for the operation frequency, and retarding or advancing leads to slow compression and weak gas motion for fuel spray and mixing, although retarded injection provides high in-cylinder gas pressure and temperature. The early injection generally causes long penetration, small droplet diameter, slight impingement, and fast evaporation, unless it is too early. The results further indicate that when IAP = 6 mm, a more uniform mixture can be attained at the beginning of combustion, leading to a thermal efficiency of up to 42.9% for the engine.
Debating the Populist Pariah: Changing Party Dynamics and Elite Rhetoric in the Swedish Riksdag
Authors: Calvo Esther Mary L. , Bäck Hanna , Carroll Royce
Published: May 2024

Radical right populist parties have often been treated as “pariahs,” being excluded from coalition politics in parliamentary democracies. We argue that negative rhetoric targeted at radical right populist parties in legislative debates is used by the established parties to distance themselves from such parties and that the incentives to do so depend on the political context. Using sentiment analysis of speeches in the Swedish Riksdag from 2010 to 2022, we find that rhetoric targeted toward the radical right Sweden Democrats is more negative than speech concerning other parties on average. We also find that this negative rhetoric declined over time, particularly from the center-right parties, as the formerly marginal Sweden Democrats gained more seats and became a potential partner for cooperation. Our analysis demonstrates how tracking parliamentary discourse provides insights into changing party dynamics. Our findings suggest that, as the prospects for populists' pariah status change, rhetoric from established parties reflects this shifting role in party politics, with enduring negativity accompanied by reduced hostility among the center-right parties with the greatest potential for cooperation.