bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compreensão das necessidades de saúde do homem em assistência domiciliar: estratégia para a contra-hegemonia
Authors: De Araújo Ferreira Jocelly , De Cássia Marques Rita , Lara Silva Kênia , Dittz Duarte Elysangêla , Siqueira Costa Schreck Rafaela
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: compreender as necessidades de saúde dos homenscuidados no domicílio. Métodos:estudo de abordagem qualitativa,analítica e interpretativa, fundamentada no referencial teórico-epistemológico sobre Necessidades. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre os meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2019. Participaram da pesquisa 34 cuidadores e 24 homens assistidos pelo Serviço de Atenção Domiciliar de João Pessoa, Paraíba. Os dados foram obtidos de entrevistas abertas e observação assistemática e submetidos à Análise de Discurso Crítica. Resultados: os discursos revelam que as necessidades de saúde dos homens assistidos pela atenção domiciliar remetem a um modelo biologista hegemônico, invulnerável, construído por lideranças morais, ideologias dominantes e culturas particulares. Mas, devido à condição de limitação, os participantes passam a identificar necessidades de saúde consideradas contra-hegemônicas, tais como gregária; ser acolhido; ter vínculo; religiosidade; acesso aos serviços e tecnologias de saúde; insumos; lazer; tecnologia digital; socialização e acessibilidade. Considerações finais: conclui-se que as singularidades dos homens em atenção domiciliar precisam ser reconhecidas para uma assistência à saúde mais integral e equânime.
Lithium Tracer Diffusion in Sub-Stoichiometric Layered Lithium-Metal-Oxide Compounds
Authors: Uxa Daniel , Holmes Helen J. , Meyer Kevin , Dörrer Lars , Schmidt Harald
Published: December 2021

Cathode materials based on lithium-metal-oxide compounds are an essential technical component for lithium-ion batteries, which are still being researched and continuously improved. For a fundamental understanding of kinetic processes at and in electrodes the Li diffusion is of high relevance. Most cathode materials are based on the layered LiCoO2 (LCO) and LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 (NMC333). In the present study Li tracer self-diffusion is investigated in polycrystalline sintered bulk samples of sub-stoichiometric Li0.9CoO2 at 145 °C ≤ T ≤ 350 °C and compared to Li0.9Ni0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 in the temperature range between 110 and 350 °C. For analysis, stable 6Li tracers are used in combination with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The Li tracer diffusivities D* of both compounds with a sub-stoichiometric Li concentration are identical within error limits and can be described by the Arrhenius law with an activation enthalpy of (0.76 ± 0.13) eV for LCO and (0.85 ± 0.03) eV for NMC333, which is interpreted as the migration energy of a single Li vacancy. This means that a modification of the transition metal (M) layer composition within the LiMO2 structure does not significantly influence lithium diffusion in the temperature range investigated.
Characterisation of the Microstructure of Plain Carbon Steel Formed during Isothermal and Continuous Cooling Following Austenitisation
Authors: Chaus Alexander S. , Sobota Róbert , Tittel Viktor
Published: December 2021

The present study has been undertaken to compare the microstructure of the plain carbon steel, containing 0.65 carbon, which was formed during varying isothermal and continuous cooling conditions following austenitisation at the same temperature and soaking time. After austenitisation, one set of samples was subjected to isothermal treatment which was carried out at a temperature varying in the range of 650–400 °C, and the other one was continuously cooled to ambient temperature using different cooling rates ranging from 500 to 1.4 °Cs–1. The metallographic examination of the samples was fulfilled using light and TEM microscopy. Additionally, Vickers hardness measurements were performed.
Precipitation Effects in Cast, Heat-Treated and Cold-Rolled Aluminium AA7075 Alloy with Sc,Zr-Addition
Authors: Vlach Martin , Kodetová Veronika , Kudrnová Hana , Leibner Michal , Zikmund Sebastien , Šíma Vladimír , Procházka Ivan , Cieslar Miroslav , Bajtošová Lucia , Čížek Jakub , Mára Vladimír , Očenášek Vladivoj
Published: December 2021

The commercial Al–Zn–Mg–Cu-based alloys (7xxx series) are widely used in metalworking, automotive and aircraft industries as well as in aeronautical applications. The positive effect of the Sc,Zr-addition on mechanical properties of laboratory Al-based alloys is generally known. The microstructure, mechanical and thermal properties of the conventionally cast, heat-treated and cold-rolled Al–Zn–Mg–Cu (–Sc–Zr) alloys during isochronal annealing and natural ageing were studied. Microstructure observation by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy proved the Zn,Mg,Cu-containing eutectic phase at grain boundaries. The distinct changes in microhardness curves as well as in a heat flow of the alloys studied are mainly caused by dissolution of the clusters/Guinier-Preston (GP) zones and precipitation of particles from the Al–Zn–Mg–Cu system. An easier diffusion of Zn, Mg and Cu atoms along dislocations in the cold-rolled alloys is responsible for the precipitation of the Zn,Mg,Cu-containing particles at lower temperatures compared to the cast alloys. Microhardness values of the heat-treated alloys increase immediately from the beginning of natural ageing due to the formation of the clusters/GP zones. Addition of Sc and Zr elements results in a higher hardness above ~ 270 °C due to a strengthening by coherent secondary Al3(Sc,Zr) particles with a good thermal stability. Sc,Zr-addition has probably no influence on the evolution of the solute clusters/GP zones.
Membrane Covered Probes for O2 and H2 Determination - Diffusion through Liquid Films and Solid Membrane in Practice
Authors: Moucha Tomas , Linek Václav , Bouřa Adam , Kracík Tomáš
Published: December 2021

In the era of the expansion of hydrogen use, its concentration measurement becomes more important. We further focus on one of the H2 concentration measurement purposes, where the hydrogen diffusion in a solid membrane and in a liquid electrolyte play the key role. To keep optimal process conditions in the primary cooling circuit of nuclear power plants, various chemical species are dosed in. Among the species the concentration of which is monitored in primary coolant, belong oxygen and hydrogen. While plenty of companies offer oxygen sensors suitable for the measurement in the primary coolant, the hydrogen sensor, really selective to H2 concentration, is offered by only one company. It is worth, therefore, accomplishing the development of a hydrogen sensor, which began at UCT Prague in the 1990's and, after several successful measurements in nuclear power plant, interrupted due to fateful events in the research team. We introduce here the results of the first part of contemporary work of the Mass Transfer Laboratory based on new technologies but using the experience from 1990's. Having at disposal modern functional samples to measure both oxygen and hydrogen concentrations, we verified a fair long-term stability of the sensors and, further, we would like to cooperate with an industrial partner to finalize the development of prototypes and start the production of monitoring units.
Combined Momentum Theory and Simple Vortex Theory Inflow Model for Multirotor Configurations
Authors: Guner Feyyaz , Prasad J. V. R.
Published: December 2021

For conventional main/tail rotor helicopters, momentum theory-based inflow models are still popular for design trade studies and flight simulations. However, simple momentum theory-based inflow models are not readily applicable in design trade studies of multirotor configuration vehicles
where complex flow interactions among rotors can have a significant impact on vehicle overall performance, and hence, can impact vehicle sizing. The use of empirically corrected ad hoc inflow models is not often satisfactory. In this study, momentum theory is combined with a simple vortex
theory in the development of a combined momentum theory and simple vortex theory (CMTSVT) based inflow model that is readily applicable to generic multirotor configurations. The developed model is validated against some multirotor inflow models and experimental data from the literature through
comparisons of inflow predictions and performance predictions for different dual-rotor configurations. Further, inflow predictions using the proposed inflow model for a partially overlapping quad-rotor configuration are presented to illustrate the significance of rotor-on-rotor flow interactions
in multirotor vehicle configurations.
Assessing Professional Students' Application of the International Classification of Functioning, Health, and Disability Model and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures During Patient Care
Authors: Nottingham Sara L.
Published: December 2021

Context

The International Classification of Functioning, Health, and Disability (ICF) model and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are concepts that must be addressed in professional education.

Objective

Describe a class assignment that allows students to integrate the concepts of the ICF model and PROMs into actual patient care.

Background

Adult learners, including professional athletic training students, thrive on learning experiences where they can apply concepts and integrate new knowledge with existing knowledge. In addition, existing research suggests that most athletic trainers are not integrating PROMs into their clinical practice; therefore, students are most likely not seeing the use of PROMs during clinical education. Faculty can facilitate the application of the ICF model and PROMs into patient care with a course-based assignment.

Description

The assignment requires students to use the ICF model as an assessment tool with an actual patient, which helps shape their therapeutic interventions. Students recorded baseline and follow-up PROMs with this patient over a time period of at least 3 weeks while documenting their interventions and the patient's change over time. Students addressed reflection prompts in the assignment by describing their successes and challenges, in addition to describing their future plans for integrating the ICF model and PROMs into their clinical practice.

Clinical Advantage(s)

Students described this assignment as beneficial because it helped them treat their patients more holistically. Students self-reported increased knowledge and confidence with using the ICF model and PROMs in their clinical practice. Students described a plan to integrate these concepts into their clinical practice in a limited fashion.

Conclusion(s)

Faculty may consider integrating an applied, patient-based assignment such as this to assess students' application of the ICF model and PROMs to an actual patient. This assignment can also be easily condensed or expanded to fit different courses, student background knowledge, and assessment of different curricular content standards.
Teaching Dermatology Using a Cognitive Learning Theory Approach: An Educational Technique
Authors: Manspeaker Sarah A. , Wix Alison N.
Published: December 2021

Context

Athletic trainers must develop the knowledge and skills to recognize signs and symptoms of dermatologic conditions in the physically active population.

Objective

To present an overview of an educational technique aimed at promoting the development of skills related to dermatological care that meets clinical practice needs and accreditation requirements for athletic training programs at all levels.

Background

Curricular content standards in athletic training education require learners to obtain the skills necessary to perform an evaluation, formulate a diagnosis, and establish a plan of care relevant to the integumentary system, including dermatological conditions. Cognitive Learning Theory uses specific sequencing of content and learning sessions to promote student engagement in the learning process.

Description

Within an evaluation course for nonorthopaedic conditions, a 3–class session learning module was developed to target instruction, application, and assessment of dermatological conditions. This article describes the development, overview of content, delivery methods, outcomes to date, and connection to the instructional standards in athletic training.

Clinical Advantage(s)

Integrating evaluation of dermatological conditions into athletic training curricula enhances clinical decision-making skills and direct application of these skills to clinical practice.

Conclusion(s)

Athletic trainers should be able to effectively identify, manage, and potentially refer patients with dermatological conditions. Educating future athletic trainers to be able to prevent the spread of infection, decrease disease transmission, and enhance their ability to recognize and manage dermatological conditions is vital to their development toward independent clinical practice.
Laparoscopic Hepaticoduodenostomy for Choledochal Cysts in Children <1 Year
Authors: Arafa Ahmed , Ragab Moutaz , Eltagy Gamal Hassan
Published: December 2021

Context:

Choledochal cyst (CHC) is one of the most common causes of surgical jaundice in infants. In 1955, Farello et al. were the first to introduce the laparoscopic approach for treatment of CHC.

Aim of the Study:

Minimally invasive approaches to the management of CHC excision have been done in pre-schoolers and above but have not yet been described in toddlers, let alone infants. Herein, we review the results of 10 consecutive children <1 year managed with laparoscopic CHC excision and hepaticoduodenostomy.

Methods:

This retrospective study investigated 10 infants who underwent laparoscopic resection of a CHC with creation of a hepaticoduodenostomy.

Results:

This study was performed on 10 consecutive patients <1 year. Liver fibrosis was found in 4 patients. We had 7 cases with Type 1 CHCs and 3 cases with Type IV A cysts. Total cyst excision was done in all patients, no cases needed blood transfusion and the mean operative time was 200 min. The mean hospital stay was 6 days. Overall, morbidity occurred in 20% of the cases presenting with bouts of cholangitis that resolved without any intervention, once at 6 months, the other at 1-year post-operative. There were neither anastomotic strictures nor biliary fistula formation; magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was done to these two cases revealed no stricture and mortality at 30 and 90 days was nil.

Conclusion:

Laparoscopic hepaticoduodenostomy in CHC in children <1 year is safe, with satisfactory short-term results.
Challenges in the Management of Paediatric Surgical Patients in the Midst of COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Chanchlani Roshan , Ahmad Reyaz , Jangid Mahendra Kumar
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

As a result of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, more than 28 million planned surgeries worldwide could be cancelled leading to patients facing long waiting period for their treatment. The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV-2) has spread to more than 220 countries around the world and has almost stopped all routine surgical work. In children, the delay in the management of surgical diseases could result in significant morbidity and mortality.

Material and Method:

Herein, we describe our experience with the management of Paediatric Surgical patients at our centre which is a tertiary level hospital catering to both COVID-19 positive and Non-COVID patients in all specialties.

Observation and Results:

During the COVID-19 pandemic, 69.41% fewer paediatric surgical patients underwent surgery relative to the corresponding period 1 year earlier. However, the number of emergency cases performed increased during the COVID pandemic by 62.12%, mostly involving, urological and gastrointestinal emergencies.

Conclusion:

As we gain experience in effective protocol-based management, which can be revised based on the evolving scientific evidence. It will be appropriate to resume the elective work in selected patients, following the appropriate level of precautions.
Ceftriaxone-induced Acute Cholecystitis
Authors: Gomes Fernanda Marta , Costeira Filipa , Leite Carolina , Silva Pedro
Published: December 2021

Ceftriaxone has been increasingly used in pediatric population, due to its bacteriological and pharmacokinetic features. Association between ceftriaxone and biliary sludge/pseudolithiasis formation has been documented in the literature. More rarely, biliary symptoms and cholecystitis during ceftriaxone therapy have been reported. We present a case of acute cholecystitis related to ceftriaxone administration and its management.
Ultrasonic Attenuation of an Agar, Silicon Dioxide, and Evaporated Milk Gel Phantom
Authors: Drakos Theocharis , Antoniou Anastasia , Evripidou Nikolas , Alecou Tereza , Giannakou Marinos , Menikou Georgios , Constantinides Georgios , Damianou Christakis
Published: December 2021

Background:

It has been demonstrated that agar-based gel phantoms can emulate the acoustic parameters of real tissues and are the most commonly used tissue-mimicking materials for high-intensity focused ultrasound applications. The following study presents ultrasonic attenuation measurements of agar-based phantoms with different concentrations of additives (percent of agar, silicon dioxide and evaporated milk) in an effort of matching the material's acoustic property as close as possible to human tissues.

Methods:

Nine different agar-based phantoms with various amounts of agar, silicon dioxide, and evaporated milk were prepared. Attenuation measurements of the samples were conducted using the through-transmission immersion techniques.

Results:

The ultrasonic attenuation coefficient of the agar-based phantoms varied in the range of 0.30–1.49 dB/cm-MHz. The attenuation was found to increase in proportion to the concentration of agar and evaporated milk. Silicon dioxide was found to significantly contribute to the attenuation coefficient up to 4% weight to volume (w/v) concentration.

Conclusion:

The acoustic attenuation coefficient of agar-based phantoms can be adjusted according to the tissue of interest in the range of animal and human tissues by the proper selection of agar, silicon dioxide, and evaporated milk.
Covid-19 vaccine, apartheid and xenophobia: no need to panic!
Authors: K Tumwine James
Published: December 2021

Nil.
Stigma among tuberculosis patients and associated factors in urban slum populations in Uganda
Authors: Ashaba Clare , Musoke David , Tsebeni Wafula Solomon , Konde-Lule Joseph
Published: December 2021

Background: Stigma continues to be a major barrier to tuberculosis (TB) control particularly in urban populations. Stigma can influence health seeking behaviour and affect adherence to TB treatment, yet few studies have examined TB related stigma and associated factors in Uganda. This study was therefore conducted to determine the level of stigma and associated factors among TB patients in an urban setting in Kampala, Uganda.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Makindye division, Kampala among 204 patients with TB aged 18 years and above. Data were collected on socio-demographic, individual patient and HIV/AIDS related factors using an intervieweradministered questionnaire. The outcome variable (stigma) was assessed on a four-point Likert scale from the participants’ perspective. Stigma scores ranged from 0 to 36 which were summed up and a median stigma score calculated. Individuals with a stigma score equal or greater than the median were categorized as having high stigma. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with TB stigma.

Results: Over half (52%) of the participants were found to have high TB stigma. Knowing someone who had died of TBAOR = 4.42, 95% CI (1.69 - 11.50) and believing that TB and HIV symptoms were similarAOR = 3.05, 95% CI (1.29 - 7.22) were positively associated with high TB stigma. The odds of having high stigma were 79% lower among individuals who had been previously treated for TBAOR = 0.21, 95% CI (0.09 - 0.52).

Conclusions: Stigma towards TB was high in this urban population and mainly associated with knowing a person who had died of TB, perception that symptoms of TB are similar to those of HIV/AIDS, and previous TB treatment. Interventions to mitigate TB stigma are needed in urban populations and should also address HIV/AIDS related stigma.

Key terms: Stigma; tuberculosis; health facility; urban population; Uganda.
Occurrence of bacteraemia following oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Osaiyuwu Omokaro
Published: December 2021

Study Design: A prospective study of 130 patients attending the Government Dental and Maxillofacial Hospital (now Maxillofacial unit, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital), Port Harcourt, between August 2018 and September 2019.

Objective: To examine the factors that affect the occurrence of a bacteremia associated with oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures, and the types of bacteria causing this bacteremia, and establish the need or otherwise for prophylactic antibiotics in, ‘at risk’ patients.

Methods: 130 healthy adult patients requiring various oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures under local anesthesia using 2% lidocaine with 1: 100,000 adrenaline, were screened bacteriologically to determine the occurrence of a bacteremia. 5 milliliters of venous blood was collected from the antecubital vein of each patient preoperatively and within 3 minutes postoperatively. The samples collected were cultured and bacteriological identification done and analyzed.

Results: Bacteremia was found in 43 (33.1%) of 130 patients postoperatively. In patients undergoing extractions, bacteremia occurred more frequently when teeth were extracted due to inflammatory dental diseases. There was no statistical correlation between the occurrence of a bacteremia and the number of teeth extracted (p>0.05). Of the 70 isolates obtained postoperatively, 5 (6.4%) were aerobes, 51 (65.4%) were facultative anaerobes (including microaerophiles) and 14 (17.9%) were anaerobes. Among the facultative anaerobes (including microaerophiles), the most frequently isolated bacteria generawere species of Staphylococcus (25.7%), Streptococcus spp. (17.1%) and Streptococcus viridans (15.7%) and among the anaerobes, Bacteriodes spp. (8.6%) were the most frequently isolated. All the isolates were sensitive to azithromycin, amikacin, imipenemand meropenem. However, 3 (30%) of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, which is a commonly used drug for antimicrobial prophylaxis.

Conclusion: This study shows the occurrence of bacteremia in Nigerians following various oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures and that the observed bacteremia was not dependent on the patient’s age or gender. This study emphasizes the need for antibiotic prophylaxis in those patients who are at risk of developing complications from bacteremia. Amoxicillin as this study shows will not be an effective antibiotic prophylactic agent in a majority of patients. The author therefore recommends the use of azithromycin as an alternative prophylactic agent in those patients.

Keywords: Bacteremia; bacteria isolates; antimicrobial prophylaxis; Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Relationship of blood pressure status, dietary factors and serum electrolytes of in-school adolescents in Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: S Shokunbi Olutayo , Ukangwa Ngozi A
Published: December 2021

Background: Globally, rising blood pressure is of public health concern as it is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and preventable death. This study accessed the relationship of blood pressure status, dietary factors and serum electrolytes among in-school adolescents in Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 488 secondary school students (aged 10–19 years). Blood pressures were assessed using auscultatory method and questionnaires were used to obtain food frequency and 24-hour dietary recall data. Blood samples from volunteers were used for serum sodium and potassium assays.

Results: The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased with age, irrespective of gender. The prevalence of elevated blood pressure and hypertension among participants were 19.3% and 10.5%, respectively, with males and females having similar pattern. Dietary factors like addition of table salt to already prepared foods, higher intake of eggs, and lower intake of vegetables were associated with the development of elevated blood pressure among the adolescents. The estimated mean dietary intakes (mg/person/day) of sodium and potassium were 2289±938.7 and 1321±603.8, respectively, with majorityconsuming far higher (for sodium – 80%) or far below (for potassium – 95%) recommendations. The mean serum sodium (138.0±18.3 mmolL-1) and potassium (3.06±1.1 mmolL-1) were similar across genders. A significant (p<0.05) negative relationship exists between serum potassium and SBP.

Conclusions: The blood pressure status of the adolescents studied are of great concern and are somewhat negatively influenced by poor dietary and lifestyle practices. They require prompt intervention to slow down the development of CVDs in the future.

Keywords: Adolescents; dietary patterns; hypertension; table salt.
Sense of taste in patients after cochlear implantation-preliminary study
Authors: H Skarzynski Piotr , Wojciechowski Marcin , B Skarzynska Magdalena , Fronczak Piotr
Published: December 2021

Background: Taste is the leading sense in how we determine the quality of consumed food. Proper gustatory sensation largely determines the well-being and health of an organism, and this affects their quality of life.Objectives: The aim of the present study was to estimate the risk of early taste disorders following implantation surgery.

Methods: Twenty patients underwent a taste test before, 1 day after, and 1 month after cochlear implantation. The taste sensations of sweet, sour, salty, and bitter were determined.

Results: Statistical analysis showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) between individual tests among the entire study group. After dividing the respondents into smoking (n=6) and non-smoking (n=14) groups, only a weak correlation (p =0.043) was found between the results of the first and second examination in the smoker group. However, a statistically significant decrease in the number of saline-sensitive (p<0.001) and acid-sensitive (p = 0.042) subjects was observed.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that people after a cochlear implant may have transient taste disorders. Taste disorder called dysgeusia may be an early complication after the implantation procedure contributing to deterioration of patients quality of life.

Keywords: Sense of taste; taste disorders; cochlear implant surgery; quality of life, partial deafness treatment.
Finding banded patternsin large data set using segmentation
Authors: Abdullahi F.B. , Coenen F.
Published: December 2021

No Abstract
Ichnofossils of the Campano-Maastrichian Gombe formation from Gongola Basin, Upper Benue Trough, Nigeria: Their environmental significance
Authors: Kwaya M.Y.
Published: December 2021

No Abstract.
When words become difficult: a critical reflection of the ‘MeBox’ method in understanding senior travellers’ responses to loss
Authors: Ramanayake Uditha , Cockburn-Wootten Cheryl , McIntosh Alison
Published: December 2021

Multiple dimensions of our experiences such as visual, embodied and sensory experiences cannot always be easily expressed in words. Traditional qualitative methods may struggle to access these deep-rooted complex and emotional aspects. Tourism scholars have called for innovative methodologies to unravel layers of diverse meaning in phenomena. This article critically reflects on a visual tool called the ‘MeBox’. It was adopted in our study to explore senior travellers’ responses to loss following a major life event. The ‘MeBox’ method enabled participants to express embedded and tacit knowledge to reflect on their lived experiences. We critically review the ‘MeBox’ methodology, and provide practical learnings for scholars who may want to adopt this method as a means to understand lived experiences that are difficult to express in words.
Spit or sbit? ST-type consonant clusters in the speech of Polish learners of English
Authors: Schwartz Geoffrey
Published: December 2021

This paper presents two small-scale acoustic phonetic studies investigating the pronunciation of sibilant-stop (ST) consonant clusters in Polish, and in the L2 speech of L1 Polish learners of English. In English, aspiration of fortis stops is not attested in the post-/s/ context. Rather, short-lag voice onset time (VOT) measures are observed in L1 English in post-/s/ stop consonants, a phonetic weakening that renders them phonetically similar in terms of VOT to lenis stops in initial position. In Polish, both voiced and voiceless stops may appear after sibilant fricatives. The acoustic results suggest that (1) L1 Polish does not weaken its stops in ST clusters, and (2) that more L1 Polish speakers exhibit some weakening in their L2 English clusters as a function of proficiency, but do not produce native-like VOTs in ST sequences. Implications of these findings for L2 speech research and the phonological status of ST clusters are discussed.
Finnic tetrameter in J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Story of Kullervo in comparison to W.F. Kirby’s English translation of the Kalevala
Authors: Piechnik Iwona
Published: December 2021

The Finnish epic Kalevala is written in the so-called Finnic “Kalevala-metre”, typical of Finnic oral poetry. Its main features are the use of trochaic tetrameter (octosyllabic lines), alliteration, assonance, sound parallelisms and the repetition of words. It is difficult to retain those features in translation but one of the early successful attempts was the first full English translation directly from Finnish by William Forsell Kirby (1907). Kirby’s translation was a source of inspiration and the linguistic model for The Story of Kullervo, a tale written by John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (probably in 1912), based on one of the Kalevala’s stories. Our aim is to compare those texts.
Semigroups for flows on limits of graphs
Authors: Budde Christian
Published: December 2021

We use a version of the Trotter-Kato approximation theorem for strongly continuous semigroups in order to study ows on growing networks. For that reason we use the abstract notion of direct limits in the sense of category theory
Hydro-sztuka w Polsce z perspektywy błękitnej humanistyki jako tratwy ratunkowej wobec katastrofy ekologicznej
Authors: Jarosz Ewelina
Published: December 2021

Hydro-art in Poland from the Perspective of the Blue Humanities as a Life Raft in the Face of Ecological Catastrophe
The aim of my article is to analyze the contemporary diversified notion of practices in the field of visual arts, performative arts, and artivism as related to the care of the aquatic ecosystems. I also intend to introduce the hydro-art in Poland as the category of the blue humanities – relatively recent branch of the new humanities, conceptualized in the Western academies and still little know in the Polish context of Central-Eastern Europe. I apply the navigating tools offered by the blue humanities are to argue for a visually non-obvious and discoursively experimental narrative, sensitive to the areas of ignorance and embarrassing truths hidden behind colors. The following examples of artistic or artivist projects form Poland are included to broaden the narrative of the blue humanities: Ewa Ciepielewska’s artistic and ethnographic drift on the Vistula River, the artistic residency FLOW/Przepływ; the hydrofeminist collectives such as Cecylia Malik and Sister Rives, and Bojka Diving Collective, the paintings of hydro-ecotopia by Małgorzata Wielek, and Justyna Górowska’s WetMeWild. The article also announces the transnational cooperation – the hydrofeminist artistic research project, Anti-Monument to a Shrimp, which I intend to implement together with Górowska, and the American ecosexual artists, Annie Sprinkle and Beth Stephens.
Telewizja w sieci nowych mediów
Authors: Powierska Aleksandra
Published: December 2021

Television in the Network of New Media
New media have had a considerable influence on television and the viewing practices of consumers. Social media services made it possible for everyone not only to express their opinion on shows, but also, on an increasing scale, to watch them via mobile applications. To describe these processes the author introduces the concept of the ‘connectivity of television,’ developed based on the ANT theory as proposed by Bruno Latour. According to that theory, describing television as a network incorporating both human and non-human actors is an accurate representation of the modern TV entangled with new media. Additionally, it allows to depart from hierarchical definitions of television (such as John Fiske’s three orders of text) and a strict division between the broadcaster and the audience.
Znaki na czarnym płótnie, czyli o estetyce przemijającego piękna i o twórczej melancholii Charles’a Baudelaire’a
Authors: Siwiec Magdalena
Published: December 2021

[Signs on Black Canvas, or Charles Baudelaire’s Aesthetics of Transient Beauty and Creative Melancholy]
This article focuses on Charles Baudelaire’s poetics of negativity which exploits absence, blackness, negation, defectiveness, associated by the poet in a paradigmatic way with melancholy and the aesthetics of transient beauty. The basis of the proposed interpretation is the paradoxical metaphor of luminous blackness (a black sun, a radiance without source, a black star, a black canvas), which the poet exploits in his metatextual works. The paper focuses on poems in which Baudelaire approaches that which is beyond the limits of expressibility and is symbolised by blackness and emptiness. Baudelaire’s melancholic poetry appears as a poetry about poetry, a poetry that is paradoxical in the sense that it contradicts stillness, acedia, and creative stagnation, while retaining its negative dimension, rising up against itself.
Próbowanie świata i siebie – Montaigne i Gombrowicz
Authors: Bielecki Marian
Published: December 2021

[Rehearsing the World and the Self – Montaigne and Gombrowicz]
The article discusses intertextual, intellectual and poetological relations between Michel de Montaigne’s Essais and Witold Gombrowicz’s autobiographical project. The author shows that the Polish writer was inspired by the French classic’s open poetics and his concept of processual and interactional subject. Gombrowicz was also interested in more specific matters present in Montaigne’s work: philosophical praise of the body, criticism of scholasticism, opposition of the private to the public.
Serbia and Hungary in Theodore Spandounes’s Work On the Origin of the Ottoman Emperors
Authors: Wróbel Piotr
Published: December 2021

Theodore Spandounes was born in the middle of the 15th century to a family of the Greek exiles who had found shelter in Italy after the fall of Constantinople. The Spandounes family had not played any significant role in the history of the Byzantine Empire but his mother Eudotia came from the famous Kantakouzenos family. Members of the Kantakouzenos family played an important political role in Serbia until its annexation by the Ottoman Empire in 1459. Theodore established close relations with popes Clement VII and Paul III, who he advised on the Ottoman affairs. Probably around 1515, Spandounes wrote the first version of the treatise On the Origin of the Ottoman Emperors. In 1538 he dedicated the final version to Henry, Dauphin of France (the future king Henry II).As suggested by the title, the main objective of Spandounes’s treatise was to explain how the Ottomans rose from the humble beginnings to their current mighty status in a relatively short time. In its final version from 1538, the treatise consists of four parts, different in size, composition and content. The most original and creative part, which is also of the greatest importance to the scholars interested in the Ottoman history, is the second part. However, information concerning the history of Serbia and Hungary can only be found in the first part. A detailed analysis of Theodor’s treatise leads to the following conclusions: 1) Spandounes’s remarks concerning Hungary and Serbia are generally infrequent, and the events described were rather accidentally chosen; 2) The author pays more attention to Serbia, with which he was emotionally connected through his ancestors. The information about the genealogy of the ruling family is interesting and reliable; 3) Spandounes is barely credible in his descriptions of events from the 14th and 15th century. His accounts are tendentious and quite often false; 4) Information concerning Hungary becomes more frequent for years 1520–1538, and it is relatively credible.
The Habsburg and Transylvanian Aims Related to the Campaign of the Ottomans against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1634)
Authors: Szabados János
Published: December 2021

In 1634 the Ottoman Emperor, Murad IV (r. 1623–1640), decided to lead a campaign against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. He wanted to request military support from the Prince of Transylvania, György Rákóczi I (r. 1630–1648), but the prince tried to avoid it, because at that time he had been struggling with his political enemies, who endangered his rule in Transylvania. In the same year, the Habsburgs sent an ambassador (Johann Rudolf von Puchheim) to Constantinople, who tried to dissuade the Sublime Porte from leading a military campaign against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The idea of that mediation came from the former Vizier of Buda and at that time, the commander of the Ottoman army, Pasha Murteza, because he did not want this war either. Prince Rákóczi, Puchheim, Trzebiński (Aleksander, the Polish envoy) and Murteza all wanted to stall for time in relation to that campaign. In this article, the author investigates the aims and the problem-solving strategies of the Habsburg, the Transylvanian, the Polish and also the Ottoman elite in that situation. The war against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth did not take place in the end, because Murad IV began a campaign against the Safavid Empire.
Ewangelizacja w duchu independentyzmu katalońskiego
Authors: Husar-Poliszuk Wioletta
Published: December 2021

Evangelisation in the Spirit of Catalan independence
This article presents Catalan independentism as a political religion. The main area of interest is the process of evangelisation to ensure the effectiveness of contemporary thought and the independence movement in Catalonia. The aim of the analysis is to verify the instruments and mechanisms through which an effective and permanent evangelization in the spirit of independentism is possible.
‘Bolszewizm starożytności’, czyli chrześcijaństwo jako Rewolucja. Perspektywa Nowej Prawicy Alaina de Benoist – wybrane aspekty
Authors: Bielawski Paweł
Published: December 2021

“The Bolshevism of Antiquity” – Christianity as Revolution. The Perspective of Alain de Benoist’s New Right: selected aspects
The topic of the article is the interpretation of Christianity by Alain de Benoist, thinker of the New Right. He believes that Christianity has brought about a revolution in the world-view of European peoples. Stating that it is ‘Paganism’ that was the original and authentic basis of European spirituality, mentality, and axiology, Benoist calls Christianity the “Bolshevism of Antiquity”. The article outlines the concepts of Christian desacralisation of the world, the inaugural dissociation, and the theory of progress. The analysis showed that the foremost revolutionary trait of Christianity is the radical dualism of the created and uncreated being, which is in direct contradiction with the pre- Christian / European ontological monism.
„[…] aby ich na zawsze w przyszłości nie uważano za zdrajców”. Herodot i inni greccy autorzy o lojalności i zdradzie w oblężonym mieście
Authors: Kostuch Lucyna
Published: December 2021

[“[…] for fear that the people of Scione should hereafter be called traitors”]

Herodotus and other Greek authors about loyalty and betrayal in the besieged city This study attempts to determine the frequency of the betrayal of a besieged city in the world of Herodotus. The Histories is an excellent source of knowledge about the attitude of Greeks towards disloyal fellow citizens opening the city gates to the enemy, at a time when siege machines were not yet known, and betrayal (along with hunger and deception) was practically the only chance to conquer the city. Consequently, the question arises: do broader historical and literary studies (testimonies from subsequent decades and centuries) allow us to see the correlation between the popularity of the phenomenon of city betrayal and the development of siege technique. Was the role of betrayal decreasing with time when tools appeared that could assault the city walls? The article is an attempt to answer the question about the importance of loyalty to the local community in the face of war in the context of changing external conditions.
Lojalność i zdrada dowódców oraz dostojników w imperium Achemenidów za panowania Wielkiego Króla Artakserksesa II
Authors: Podrazik Michał
Published: December 2021

[Loyalty and betrayal of commanders and dignitaries in the Achaemenid Empire during the reign of Artaxerxes II]

During the long reign of the Great King Artaxerxes II (404–359 BC) there was a number of events very interesting for the research on the subject of loyalty and betrayal. Shortly after Artaxerxes took the Achaemenid throne, his younger brother Cyrus, called the Younger, revolted against him. Cyrus was the ruler and commander‑in‑chief in Anatolia and it was the region where he revolted. While keeping his revolt secret, he did not reveal his disloyalty towards the King. After gathering the army he marched against Artaxerxes to overthrow him. In the battle fought at Cunaxa, near Babylon, Artaxerxes won the victory while Cyrus died in the battle (401 BC).
Among Cyrus’ followers in his expedition against the King were, among others, Orontas and Ariaeus. Orontas was subordinate of Cyrus, who previously revolted against him in Anatolia and then returned to his favors, while during the expedition against the King was accused of plotting against Cyrus for Artaxerxes. As a result he was executed in Cyrus’ camp. Ariaeus too was Cyrus’ subordinate and he commanded part of his army at Cunaxa. Soon after the battle ended he made an agreement with Tissaphernes, one of the commanders of Artaxerxes’ army, and joined the King’s camp. Tissaphernes, in turn, 52 Michał Podrazik distinguished himself in his invariably loyalty to the King, but some years later (395 BC) was executed by the King’s order.
In the 360s against Artaxerxes revolted a number of commanders and dignitaries in Anatolia. There were Datames, Ariobarzanes and Orontas. During Datames’ warfare, he was betrayed by his father‑in‑law and commander of his cavalry Mithrobarzanes, and then by his oldest son Sysinas, who both joined Artaxerxes’ camp. Ariobarzanes, in turn, was left by his son Mithridates, who betrayed him to the King. As regards Orontas, after he had revolted against Artaxerxes, he betrayed to him those who revolted with him, demonstrating his loyalty to the monarch.
All the abovementioned data, taken together, provide a good insight into the subject of loyalty a
Chwiejna lojalność żołnierzy Justyniana. Przyczyny rebelii w rzymskiej armii w Afryce w latach 536–546 n.e. Słowa
Authors: Stachura Michał
Published: December 2021

[The wavering loyalty of Emperor Justinian’s soldiers. The causes of the military revolts in Africa (536–545 AD)]

Shortly after the liquidation of the Vandal rule in northern Africa and the restoration of the Roman administration, the newly established prefecture was shaken up by a series of military mutinies and rebellions. The revolts in the years 536–545 AD are represented in the contemporary witness accounts (esp. historian Procopius of Caesarea, poet Flavius Cresconius Corippus) as a case of a “civil war” among the Romans in the context of the concurrent conflict with the Berber (“Moor”) tribes. The history of the army mutinies has been depicted in accordance with the literary conventions and the propaganda‑oriented assumptions of the authors, with a striking background picture of the Roman army in a state of continual readiness to rise up in revolt against the emperor’s authority, which is something virtually unknown from any other contemporaneous war theatre, in consideration of a comparable scale. In his analysis of the unfolding events, the Author attempts to address not only the questions of the political intentions of the various rebellion leaders, but also (or even in particular) the motivations which would make the soldiers take part in such precarious undertakings. He points to a number of political, religious, and economic factors which caused the northern African army mutinies to escalate so violently, concluding with a paradoxical observation that in the newly established prefecture, the emperor would have counted on the loyalty of the locally recruited soldiers rather than on the elite troops to whose military skills he owed the re‑conquering of Africa.
Bojowaniem jest żywot ludzki, czyli o dylematach Polaków czasu zaborów
Authors: Lewalski Krzysztof
Published: December 2021

[Fighting is human life. About the dilemmas of Poles during the partitions]

The article deals mainly with the attitudes and choices of Poles during the partitions of 1795–1918. It was a time not only of armed struggle, but primarily everyday struggle with the reality of the time of captivity, because, as Andrzej Chwalba notes, Polish uprisings lasted only about three years in total. In this context, the fundamental question is: What did it mean to be a loyalist, realist, idealist, patriot during the partitions? Where were the boundaries beyond which one could be called a traitor? The very complicated conditions of the captivity period gave these attitudes new, specific dimensions. The article is an attempt to show the scale of the dilemmas faced by Poles of that time, participants of the social and political life, and, at least in part, to understand the motivation of their choices.
Genuine diamonds or false stones? Mercenary loyalty in the Army of Muhammad Ali’s Egypt
Authors: Dunn John P.
Published: December 2021

[Prawdziwe diamenty czy fałszywe kamienie? Lojalność najemników w armii egipskiej Muhammada Alego]

Najemnicy i ich lojalność stanowią wyzwanie dla mocodawców wojsk zaciężnych. Muhammad Ali (1805–1848), który dzięki swoim wysiłkom militarnym ustanowił dynastię, zatrudnił wielu zachodnich żołnierzy najemnych do pomocy w modernizacji egipskich sił zbrojnych. Twierdził, że posiada wystarczające doświadczenie, by wśród wielu „fałszywych klejnotów” znaleźć choć kilka diamentów. Tak też zrobił, ale różnice w religii i kulturze wystawiły na próbę lojalność jego najemników.
“Our Sacred Duty”: Poland’s Diaspora Fights for Polish Independence, 1894–1921
Authors: Pula James S.
Published: December 2021

[Nasz święty obowiązek” – walka polskiej diaspory o niepodległość Polski w latach 1894–1921]

Ponad 100 lat temu, w dziesięcioleciu poprzedzającym pierwszą wojnę światową, Wacław Kruszka pisał, że Polak w Ameryce jest kulturowo inny niż Polak w Polsce, ale mimo to odczuwa braterstwo duchowe i lojalność wobec bycia „Polakiem”. To przywiązanie do ojczyzny przodków przejawiało się już w diasporze poprzez starania o zachowanie polskiej kultury i wspieranie ruchów niepodległościowych. Niespełna dekadę po opublikowaniu tych uwag przez Kruszkę polska diaspora po raz kolejny udowodniła swoją lojalność, zbierając armię do walki na polach bitew Europy, aby osiągnąć, a następnie chronić tę niepodległość. Niniejszy artykuł niektóre z tych wysiłków, zwłaszcza stworzenie Błękitnej Armii, jej działania na polach bitew we Francji, a następnie jej rozmieszczenie w Polsce w celu przeciwstawienia się inwazji bolszewickiej w latach 1919–1921.