bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Job’s Emotional Struggle with the Womb: Some Psychoanalytic Interpretations
Authors: Van der Zwan Pieter
Published: June 2020

The womb is invested with great significance in the book of Job. As Job regresses from his extended body, concretised in his children, servants and material possessions, to his own, which is then “eaten into” by his skin problems, he longs to return to it. His fantasies about this womb reflect his unconscious anger, wishes and anxieties, processed by his symbolisation of the womb as a holding and containing grave where he can escape the attacks on his body. As such the womb invites a psychoanalytic study, with even transpersonal-psychological prospects, including that God is somehow, at least unconsciously, associated or even identified with the womb.
The Contribution of Linguistic Typology to the Study of Biblical Hebrew in Africa: The Case of Pronouns in Sesotho
Authors: Makutoane Tshokolo J.
Published: June 2020

African languages and linguistic communities differ in many respects from their Western counterparts. As a result, the standard philological resources available to African scholars of Biblical Hebrew are often inadequate for understanding Biblical Hebrew and for conveying the meaning and function of Hebrew terms and constructions in African languages and societies. This article is based on linguistic typology, which deals with the examination of linguistic features across languages. It compares pronouns in Sesotho to pronouns in Biblical Hebrew and examines their similarities and differences. The purpose of the comparison is to demonstrate how the relevant features of Biblical Hebrew pronouns can be communicated effectively to Sesotho students by determining how the two languages’ pronoun systems correspond to one other typologically.
The Interrogative-Indefinite Puzzle in the Context of Biblical Hebrew
Authors: Bar-Asher Siegal Elitzur A.
Published: June 2020

The biblical corpus features a number of verses in which interrogative pronouns appear in non-interrogative contexts. The same phenomenon is observed in many other languages and gives rise to the question known in the linguistic literature as “the interrogative-indefinite puzzle,” namely, what is the natural connection between the interrogative and indefinite functions. This paper seeks to explore how this question should be examined in the context of the Biblical Hebrew data. It will be argued that a consideration of typological observations can yield important insights into this question. Subsequently, it proposes a formal semantic analysis of the indefinite pronouns in question and shows how the proposed approach can help explain their distribution.
The Song of Songs: Riddle of Riddles, by Yair Zakovitch. Translated and edited by Valerie Carr Zakovitch
Authors: Van der Zwan Pieter
Published: June 2020

Book Review
A deo lex? Law and Religion in Ancient Near Eastern Legislation
Authors: Peled Ilan
Published: June 2020

The ancient Near East is widely regarded as the “cradle of Western civilisation” and the birthplace of writing. As such, it was home to the earliest documented compendia we sometimes call “law collections”, and to some of the earliest records of institutionalised religion in human history. In the ancient Near East, these two major systems, official law and organised religion, did not usually intermingle. When they did, they compensated for one another, filling the gaps caused by the limitations of the other.
Management of a large intraorbital wooden foreign body: Case report
Authors: Jabang John Nute , Dampha Lamin , Sanyang Binta , Roberts Charles Adeyemi , Ceesay Bakary
Published: June 2020

Background:

Intraorbital foreign bodies are a global injury and occur with a frequency of one in six orbital injuries; however, intraorbital wooden foreign bodies are uncommon. Intraorbital wooden foreign bodies predominantly affect the male population with a mean age ranging from 21 to 22 years. The diagnosis of intraorbital wooden foreign bodies depending on their size can be challenging on imaging and if not removed early the risk of infection is high.

Case Description:

A 23-year-old motorcyclist presented to the ER following a collision with a donkey cart carrying wood 3 h before presentation. Examination revealed an acutely ill-looking man in painful distress with a right supraorbital laceration associated with ipsilateral ptosis and periorbital edema. There was a retained intraorbital wooden foreign body. Computed tomography scan showed evidence of both an intraorbital bone fragment and a wooden foreign body. Surgery was done 3rd day of admission before which vision has declined with only perception to light. Only the wooden foreign body was removed. Evolution was favorable with recovery of vision and improvement of the ptosis.

Conclusion:

The management of intraorbital wooden foreign bodies demands a multidisciplinary approach after a thorough history, examination, and imaging. Treatment of choice is timely and meticulous removal of the foreign body to avoid infection and other associated complications.
Diagnosis, and Treatment of Cervical Epidural Abscess and/or Cervical Vertebral Osteomyelitis with or without Retropharyngeal Abscess; A Review
Authors: Epstein Nancy
Published: June 2020

Background:

Every year approximately 19.6 patients/100,000 per year are admitted to hospitals with spinal epidural abscesses (CSEA), 7.4/100,000 have vertebral osteomyelitis (VO)/100,000/year, while 4.1/100.000 children/year have cervical retropharyngeal abscesses (RPA) (i.e., data insufficient for adults).

Methods:

Here we evaluated 11 individual case studies, 6 multiple patient series, and looked at 9 general review articles focusing on CSEA, and/or VO, with/without RPA.

Results:

Of the 11 case studies involving 15 patients, 14 had cervical spinal epidural abscesses (CSEA: 10 CSEA/ VO/RPA, 2 CSEA/VO, 1 CSEA/TSEA, 1 CSEA/ TSEA/LSEA), 13 had cervical osteomyelitis (VO: 11 VO/CSEA, 2 VO/RPA), and 12 had cervical retropharyngeal abscesses (RPA: 10 RPA/CSEA/VO, 2 RPA/VO alone). When patients were treated surgically, they required 12 anterior, and 2 posterior approaches; 1 patient required no surgery. In the 6 larger cervical series involving 355 patients, 4 series involved CSEA (3 CSEA, 1 CSEA/VO), and 2 seires had cervical VO. Primary surgery was performed in 298 patients, while 57 were initially managed medically; 24 of these latter patients failed non-surgical therapy, and required delayed cervical surgery. Notably, all 17 clinical studies advocated early surgery where clinically appropriate for varying combinations of CSEA and/or VO with or without RPA. The 8 final articles reviewed all-levels of SEA and or VO, while also providing additional unique information regarding RPA.

Conclusion:

We analyzed 11 case studies and 6 multiple case series regarding the diagnosis and treatment of combinations of cervical CSEA, and/or VO with or without RPA. We also reviewed 8 articles on the evaluation/ management of all-level SEAs and/or VOs, along with the unique features of RPAs.
Atypical sellar cyst: A rare case
Authors: Ali Nimrah , Shakeel Areesha , Shaikh Yousuf , Sharif Salman , Hashmi Atif
Published: June 2020

Background:

Sellar cysts are common in neurosurgery. Around 90% of these are diagnosed as pituitary adenomas. The other 10% are nonadenomatous, inflammatory, infective, metastatic, or cystic in nature. Some rare cysts include dermoid, epidermoid, colloid, and arachnoid. They all have different histological features. The case we present demonstrates a unique cyst with features that are not previously documented.

Case Description:

A 60-year-old female presented to the neurosurgical department complaining of blurring of vision and severe headache for more than ½ year. Imaging was done which revealed a bony erosive lesion in the region of sella. Magnetic resonance imaging with contrast showed high signals with no contrast enhancement. A clear diagnosis could not be made based on radiology. Surgery was done and sample was sent for histopathology. Based on histopathological report findings, a diagnosis of benign atypical sellar cyst was made. Post procedure, the patient recovered and was discharged.

Conclusion:

Sellar cysts present similarly. They are differentiated based on their histological features. The sellar cyst we encountered had features different from the ones already described in the literature.
Mechanistic Investigations of Nickamine- catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Alkenes: Nickel Nanoparticles Are the Active Species
Authors: Ploeger Marten L. , Buslov Ivan , Hu Xile
Published: June 2020

Hydrosilylation is an important chemical process for the synthesis of organosilanes and for the production of silicone polymers. The wide variety of catalysts developed for this reaction generally follow a Chalk-Harrod, or a sigma-bond metathesis mechanism. Recently, our group developed
a nickel pincer complex, Nickamine, for highly selective hydrosilylation of alkenes. Preliminary mechanistic studies had suggested a pathway that deviates from both Chalk-Harrod and sigma-bond metathesis cycles. Here we used in situ NMR to monitor the hydrosilylation reaction. The observed
induction period indicated that the species previously believed to be the resting state is merely a precatalyst. Via a combination of Transmission Electron Microscopy, mercury poisoning test, and competition reactions we show that the true catalyst is not a molecular nickel species,
but rather nickel nanoparticles.
Bioinspired Non-Heme Iron Complexes: The Evolution of Facial N, N, O Ligand Design
Authors: Monkcom Emily C. , Ghosh Pradip , Folkertsma Emma , Negenman Hidde A. , Lutz Martin , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M.
Published: June 2020

Iron-containing metalloenzymes that contain the 2-His-1-Carboxylate facial triad at their active site are well known for their ability to activate molecular oxygen and catalyse a broad range of oxidative transformations. Many of these reactions are synthetically challenging, and developing
small molecular iron-based catalysts that can achieve similar reactivity and selectivity remains a long-standing goal in homogeneous catalysis. This review focuses on the development of bioinspired facial N,N,O ligands that model the 2-His-1-Carboxylate facial triad to a greater degree
of structural accuracy than many of the polydentate N-donor ligands commonly used in this field. By developing robust, well-defined N,N,O facial ligands, an increased understanding could be gained of the factors governing enzymatic reactivity and selectivity.
Catalytic Oxidation of Primary C–H Bonds in Alkanes with Bioinspired Catalysts
Authors: Dantignana Valeria , Company Anna , Costas Miquel
Published: June 2020

Catalytic oxidation of primary C–H bonds of alkanes with a series of iron and manganese catalysts is investigated. Products resulting from oxidation of methylenic sites are observed when hexane (S1) is used as model substrate, while corresponding primary C–H bonds
remain unreactive. However, by using 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutane (S2) as model substrate, which only contains primary alkyl C–H bonds, oxidation takes place catalytically using a combination of hydrogen peroxide, a manganese catalyst and acetic acid as co-catalyst, albeit with modest
yields (up to 4.4 TON). Complexes bearing tetradentate aminopyridine ligands provide the best yields, while a related pentadentate ligand provides smaller product yields. The chemoselectivity of the reaction is solvent dependent. Carboxylic acid 2b is observed as major product when
the reaction takes place in acetonitrile, because of the facile overoxidation of the first formed alcohol product 2a. Instead the corresponding primary alcohol 2a becomes dominant in reactions performed in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE). Polarity reversal of the hydroxyl moiety
arising from the strong hydrogen bond donor ability of the latter solvent accounts for the unusual product chemoselectivity of the reaction. The significance of the current results in the context of light alkane oxidation is discussed.
On the Ability of Nickel Complexes Derived from Tripodal Aminopyridine Ligands to Catalyze Arene Hydroxylations
Authors: Masferrer-Rius Eduard , Hopman Raoul M. , Van der Kleij Jishai , Lutz Martin , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M.
Published: June 2020

The development of catalysts for the selective hydroxylation of aromatic C–H bonds is an essential challenge in current chemical research. The accomplishment of this goal requires the discovery of powerful metal-based oxidizing species capable of hydroxylating inert aromatic bonds
in a selective manner, avoiding the generation of non-selective oxygen-centered radicals. Herein we show an investigation on the ability of nickel(ii) complexes supported by tripodal tetradentate aminopyridine ligands to catalyze the direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol with H2O2
as oxidant. We have found that modifications on the ligand structure of the nickel complex do not translate into different reactivity, which differs from previous findings for nickel-based arene hydroxylations. Besides, several nickel(ii) salts have been found to be effective in the oxidation
of aromatic C–H bonds. The use of fluorinated alcohols as solvent has been found to result in an increase in phenol yield; however, showing no more than two turn-overs per nickel. These findings raise questions on the nature of the oxidizing species responsible for the arene hydroxylation
reaction.
Mechanistic Studies of the Oxidative Addition of Aryl Halides to Ni(0) Centers Bearing Phosphine Ligands
Authors: Pérez-García Pablo Marcelo , Moret Marc-Etienne
Published: June 2020

The oxidative addition of aryl halides is a common entry point in catalytic cycles for cross-coupling and related reactions. In the case of phosphine-supported nickel(0) fragments, the formation of reactive Ni(ii)–aryl products often competes with the production of Ni(i) species.
Here, recent advances in the mechanistic understanding of these reactions are highlighted. In particular, the denticity of the supporting ligand has a significant influence on the outcome of the reaction.
Surveying support for child and youth political participation in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Phillips LG , Ritchie Jenny , Perales F
Published: June 2020

© 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Recent decades have witnessed increased empirical and policy interest in children’s citizenship, particularly since the ratification of the United Nations Declaration of Children’s Rights. However, support for children’s active citizenship is often hindered by the pervasiveness of discourses that characterise children as innocent, developing, and free from responsibility. Public and governmental decision-making largely excludes children’s consultation and contributions, often determined by age alone. To quantifiably assess the amount of public support for children’s political participation, we commissioned a Likert scale survey question on degrees of support for children and youth (across four age groups between 3 and 18 year olds) having the opportunity to influence government decisions, in the Australian and New Zealand 2016 versions of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP). Analysis of responses to this question in relation to demographic survey data indicate variation in preferences for different age groups, and that age, gender, and political party preference of respondents were variables of significance for both nations. These variables point to potential predictors of attitudes toward political participation of children and youth which have relevance for policymakers and educators in relation to provision of programmes that will increase the engagement of children and youth in government decision-making.
Critical pedagogies of place: Some considerations for early childhood care and education in a superdiverse ‘bicultural’ Aotearoa (New Zealand).
Authors: Ritchie Jenny , Chan Angel
Published: June 2020

© 2019, University of North Carolina at Greensboro. All rights reserved. It is important that national education policy respond to demographic changes. In Aotearoa (New Zealand), recent immigration policy changes have produced the new challenge of ‘superdiversity’, which overlays the ‘bicultural’ context of Māori and settler populations and the longstanding impacts of the colonisation of the Indigenous Māori. The lack of equity in this ‘bicultural’ arrangement remains to be fully resolved due to the dominance of the settler culture and the historical (and in many instances ongoing) reluctance of this majority group to recognise and address injustices. The early childhood care and education (ECCE) sector requires of its teachers deep cultural understandings of and engagement with all those children and families present in the education settings. This article provides a discussion of the tensions arising when the new reality of superdiversity interacts with a ‘bicultural’ ECCE policy environment. It then describes the results of a study that utilised a process of documentary analysis to critically examine the macro-and micro-level policy statements and reports with regard to bicultural, cultural diversity, equity, social justice, and place-connectedness matters in ECCE settings in Aotearoa (New Zealand). The implications of the findings point to challenges faced by teachers when translating policy commitments into pedagogical enactment, and highlight the importance for teachers to not only engage deeply with the Indigenous Māori language, culture, and local histories of connectedness with place, but that this engagement should also be made available to all children and families present, including immigrant children and their families.
Young children’s citizenship membership and participation: comparing discourses in early childhood curricula of Australia, New Zealand and the United States
Authors: Phillips LG , Ritchie Jenny , Adair JK
Published: June 2020

© 2018, © 2018 British Association for International and Comparative Education. Recognition of young children as citizens is relatively new in sociology, with translation emerging into education. Discourses of children and childhood shape ideas of young children as citizens and national discourses of citizenship frame what civic participation can be. The authors analysed national early childhood education curricula frameworks of Australia, New Zealand and the United States to understand how discourses authorise constructions of children as citizens and opportunities for young children’s civic participation. They sought to locate how children are positioned as citizens and what opportunities there are for young children’s citizenship participation in national early childhood curricula documents of Australia, New Zealand and the United States. Illustrative examples of children’s citizenship membership and participation from the three nations’ early childhood curricula were critically read to locate how prevalent discourses of children, childhood and citizenship in each nation define children as citizens and shape possibilities for citizenship participation for young children.
THE RESTORATION OF THE REFORMED CHURCH OF AITON 2018–2020 CASE STUDY, CONDITION SURVEY BY FACILITY CONDITION INDEX
Authors: BULBUK Dr. Márton István
Published: June 2020

The professional restoration of an initially Catholic, and then, after an 18th-century reconstruction, Reformed, single-tower church of medieval origin, having mixed walls and an eclectic roof structure, following two consecutive, incorrect interventions.

The technical condition of listed buildings is the indicator of their general structural condition. To assess errors and damage, I have compiled a new method that includes a sample to follow, as well as damage assessment tables, recommended procedures, and calculations. This calculation method shows the structural condition of listed buildings and the value of the approximate restoration costs. I present this procedure through the presently ongoing survey and restoration process of a listed building in Aiton, near Cluj-Napoca, Transylvania.
Contaminação oral por parasitas veiculados através de alimentos mal higienizados.
Authors: Caetano Pedro Jorge dos Santos , Bezerra Bruna Ferreira , Pedrosa Thayná Diniz , Silva Lucas Renan Santana Da , SILVA MARIA EDUARDA DE PAIVA , Souza Tatianny de Assis Freitas
Published: June 2020

Introdução: Muitos parasitas humanos têm sido contraídos por via oral-fecal devido a hábitos higiênicos inadequados ou mesmo através de alimentos contaminados. O manuseio impróprio de alimentos é um f
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Production With Additive Manufacturing
Authors: KOÇ Ebubekir , ÇALIŞKAN Cemal İrfan , COŞKUN Mert , KHAN Hamaid Mahmoud
Published: June 2020

In this study, the design, analysis, and production of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was carried out using SLS (Selective Laser Sintering) production technology. Herein, a multidisciplinary project was realized on the four different aircraft models supported by CFD analysis and the results during the taxing were compared using flow parameters. We observed that according to the numerical study, the design of the model 4 was the most suitable one among the tested models, which was then further utilized for design viability, in-flight CFD analysis, and for the production using SLS process. Finally, the actual flight test was performed in three different weather conditions, and the results are presented here.
ҚАЗАҚ ТІЛІНДЕГІ «СӨЙЛЕУ» ЕТІСТІГІНІҢ СЕМАНТИКАЛЫҚ ҚҰРЫЛЫМЫ
Authors: KASIM Balkiya , SUVAMBEKOVA Gülbanu
Published: June 2020

Зерттеу жұмысында дыбыс және айтылу тұрғысынан сипатталған «сөйлеу»
етістіктерінің тілдік және мәдени әлеуеті талданып, тиісті семантикалық топтың
пайда болуы жөнінде жаңа көзқарас білдірілген. Мақалада қазақ тіліне қатысты
талдаудың нәтижесінде дыбыстық тұрғыдан түсініктемесі берілген «сөйлеу»
етістіктерінің әртүрлі контексте пайда болған мағыналары бір жүйеге келтірілген.
Қазақ тілінде анықталған «сөйлеу» етістіктерінің семантикалық тобына кіретін
сөздердің семантикалық айырмашылықтарын сипаттау моделі ұсынылған. «Сөйлеу»
етістіктерінің мағыналық даму процестерінің жалпы және жеке қағидалары анықталып,
өнімділік сипатына сәйкес тілдің процестерге есім беру ізденістерінің
нәтижелері көрсетілген. Қазақ тіліндегі «сөйлеу» етістіктерінің сипатталуы әлемнің
оқиға-процесс көрінісін толықтыра түседі.
KİTÂB-I GÜZÎDE-İ ʿİLM-İ TIBB’DA (SULTÂNİYYE İNGİLTERE NÜSHASI) TESPİT EDİLEN BİTKİ ADLARI
Authors: KÜÇÜKER Paki , BALCI Melek
Published: June 2020

İnsanlık var oluşundan beri birtakım hastalıklarla mücadele içerisindedir. Bu hastalıklara karşı önlem alabilmek, onlardan korunabilmek ve kurtulabilmek için ilk olarak tabiata başvurmuştur. Tabiatta bulunan çeşitli hayvanlar, madenler, sular, taşlar ve bitkiler insanlığa hastalıklarını tedavi etmesi için yardımcı olmuştur. Böylece tabiatın iyileştirici ögelerinden biri olan bitkilerin de işlevleri, faydaları ve zararları tarih boyunca araştırılmıştır. İncelemeler ve deneylerden sonra başta botanik, tıp tarihi, eczacılık ve halk hekimliği olmak üzere birçok bilim alanına hizmet edilmiştir.Kitâb-ı Güzîde-i ʿİlm-i Tıbb, XV. yüzyıla ait bir tıp metnidir. Şirvanî’nin kaleme aldığı bu eser, tıp tarihi bakımından önemli bir kaynak niteliğindedir. Eserde hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılan merhem, macun ve terkip adları yer almaktadır. İnsan sağlığı için hazırlanan bu merhem, macun ve terkiplerin ana unsurunu çeşitli bitkiler oluşturur. Sade bir dille yazılmış eserde yer alan bitki adları yazıldığı dönemin ses, yapı ve kelime kadrosu bakımından bize zengin malzeme sunar. Üzerinde çalıştığımız eser, İngiltere’de The British Library Oriental and India Office Collectionsta 15049 numarada kayıtlıdır. Bu çalışmada Kitâb-ı Güzîde-i ʿİlm-i Tıbb’da yer alan bitki adları incelenmiştir.
AZƏRBAYCAN ƏFSANƏLƏRİNİN SÜJET XÜSUSİYYƏTLƏRİ
Authors: AMİRLİ Elnara
Published: June 2020

Epik folklorun kiçik həcmli janrı olan əfsanələr özünəməxsus süjet quruluşuna malikdir. Əfsanələr bir qayda olaraq epizodik hadisədən ibarət olur. Əfsanələr etioloji xüsusiyyətə malik olduğu üçün həmin epizodik hadisə də yaranışın gerçəkləşməsi ilə nəticələnir. Əfsanə süjetini öyrənmək üçün yaranışın əsasında dayanan hadisəni: baş vermiş möcüzənin səbəblərini, möcüzənin şəkillərini və yaranmış məfhumu öyrənmək lazımdır.İstinad etdiyimiz bir çox mənbədən Azərbaycan əfsanələrinə xas 163 süjet müəyyən etmişik. Süjetlərin bölgüsü və təsnifi zamanı yaranışı şərtləndirən səbəblər əsas götürülmüşdür. Bu səbəblər, həmçinin qəhrəmanın xarakteri ilə sıx bağlıdır.Əfsanə süjet tiplərinin təsnifi qəhrəmanların xarakterinə görə aparılmışdır. Daha dəqiq desək, əfsanə qəhrəmanlarının əməlləri yaranışı gerçəkləşdirən başlıca amildir. Qəhrəmanın əməlinin xarakterindən qaynaqlandığını nəzərə alsaq, əfsanə qəhrə¬manının xarakterinə görə dəyərləndirilməsi əfsanə süjetinin tədqiqində və təsnifində vacib məsələdir.
KUTADGU BİLİG'DE KANAL METAFOR İPEK GÖNDER- DİKEN İŞLE-
Authors: EKER Özge
Published: June 2020

Hayatımızın her alanında bulunan, farkına varılması zor olan kanal metaforlar iletişimin ve aktarımın olduğu tüm alanlar için önemli yapılardır. Kanal metaforlar iletişim sisteminin temelini oluştururlar. Düşünce ve fikirleri sözcüklere imgelerle kodlayan anlatıcı/yazar, sözcüklerde kodlanmış olan fikirleri çözümleyen/analiz eden dinleyici/okuyucu kanal metaforların vazgeçilmez unsurlarıdır. Genel olarak kanal metaforlar bir anlatıcının veya yazarın zihnindeki düşünce ve fikirleri sözcüklere dökerek bir hava kanalı boyunca karşısındaki dinleyiciye ve okuyucuya göndermesi sonucunda oluşmaktadır. Burada, dil sözcüklerin; sözcük, düşünce ve fikirlerin taşıyıcısı durumundadır. Bu nedenle kanal metaforlar içerisinde taşıyıcı, kapsam metaforları önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Kutadgu Bilig’de iletişim bir sistemler manzumesi durumundadır. Kutadgu Bilig’de yazılı, sözlü ve işaretsel iletişim sistemi bulunmaktadır. Bu yazılı, sözlü ve işaretsel iletişim sistemi söz varlığının eser içerisinde ağırlıklı olarak metaforikal şekilde kavramlaştırıldığı görülmektedir. Çalışmanın konusu 3846. beyitte bulunan iletişimin niteliğini aktaran ipek gönder- ve diken işle- ifadeleridir. Bu metaforikal ifadeler kavramsal metaforlar ve kanal metaforlar bağlamında açıklanacaktır.
KUMAN BİLMECELERİNİN SÖZ VARLIĞI VE DİL HUSUSİYETLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: GÜNER Galip
Published: June 2020

Türkçenin derlemeye dayalı ilk bilmeceleri 13. yüzyılın sonu ile 14. yüzyılın başlarında yazıldığı tahmin edilen Codex Cumanicus’un 60a-60b sayfalarında kaydedilmiş olan dördü cevapsız 47 adet bilmece metnidir. Bu bilmeceler eserin Alman defteri dediğimiz ikinci cildinde yer alırlar ve doğrudan Kumanlar arasından derlenmiş olmaları bakımından son derece önemlidirler. Daha açık bir ifadeyle anonim oldukları için halk edebiyatı ürünlerinin geçmişte çok fazla yazıya aktarılmadıkları düşünüldüğünde bu bilmeceler Türk bilmece geleneği içerisinde daha öncesine ait Türkçe bilmece metinlerinin bulunmaması sebebiyle oldukça değerlidirler. Bu çalışmada doğrudan Kıpçaklar arasından derlendikleri için çok fazla özel söz varlığına sahip olduğunu bildiğimiz bilmeceler ayrıntılı bir dil incelemesine tabi tutulmuştur. Pek çoğu tek örnek olan kelimelerin tarihî ve çağdaş Türk lehçelerindeki izleri sürülmüştür. Ayrıca bilmecelerde görülen ve halis Kıpçak Türkçesinin hususiyetlerini yansıtan fonetik ve morfolojik veriler de ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Dil hususiyetlerinin metin bağlamında daha iyi anlaşılabilmesini sağlamak için bilmece metinleri de çalışmaya eklenmiştir. Ardından her bilmecede Kıpçak Türkçesi için önemli olduğunu düşündüğümüz kelimeler ve gramer hususiyetleri değerlendirilmiştir.
PENENTUAN RUTE OPTIMAL DISTRIBUSI PRODUK NESTLE DENGAN METODE TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM (TSP) (Studi Kasus : PT. Paris Jaya Mandiri)
Authors: Paillin D. B. , Sosebeko Filinda
Published: June 2020

Paris Jaya Mandiri adalah salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak pada bidang distributor produk Nestle di Indonesia. Sebagai perusahaan distributor, aktivitas distribusi harus diberi perhatian khusus sehingga dapat mengatasi adanya keterlambatan atau ketidaktepatan waktu pengiriman produk yang disebabkan karena ketidakpastian rute pengiriman produk. Masalah ini dapat diatasi dengan memberikan solusi rute optimal agar dapat diperoleh effisiensi jarak dan waktu tempuh yang dapat berdampak positif bagi perusahaan.Traveling Salesman Problem merupakan suatu permasalahan untuk mencari jarak tempuh minimum dari titik awal menuju semua titik tujuan dan kembali lagi pada titik awal dengan asumsi bahwa semua titik tujuan yang akan dilalui hanya dikunjungi sebanyak satu kali untuk memperoleh rute optimal. Salah satu algoritma yang dapat digunakan dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan ini adalah algoritma Branch and Bound. Tolak ukur yang digunakan pada metode ini adalah jarak antaroutlet dimulai dari mengukur masing – masing jarak dari gudang menuju oulet dan kembali ke gudang. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan perhitungan untuk mengukur jarak terpendek dari 67 lokasi outlet yang tersebar pada wilayah distribusi Sirimau 1 dan 2 serta wilayah distribusi Nusaniwe. Hasil olahan data metode Branch and Bound menunjukkan bahwa dari 3 wilayah dapat diperoleh 5 rute optimal yaitu rute 1 didapat jarak sebesar 8.09 Km dengan total waktu 46.03 menit, rute 2 sebesar 9.47 Km dengan total waktu 59.2 menit, rute 3 sebesar 10.88 Km dengan total waktu 35.35 menit, rute 4 sebesar 9.74 Km dengan total waktu 43.08 menit dan rute 5 sebesar 19.87 Km dengan total waktu 83.05 menit. Dari hasil data tersebut diperoleh penghematan jarak sebesar 17.96% dan total waktu sebesar 6.26% dari rute awal perusahaan.
PENGENDALIAN BIAYA PERSEDIAAN TERINTEGRASI ANTARA SUPPLIER DAN BUYER DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE JELS (JOINT ECONOMIC LOT SIZE) (Studi Kasus :Gudang Distributor CV. Berkat Mulia)
Authors: Patiapon M. L. , Hutabarat E.
Published: June 2020

Persaingan saat ini bukan lagi antar perusahaan melainkan antar rantai pasok. Salah satu perusahaan yang menghadapi hal ini adalah Gudang Distributor CV. Berkat Mulia, yang berperan sebagai pemasok berass Bulir Mas sebagai objek penelitian. Untuk memepertahankan usaha dalam persaingan, pihak pemasok bergerak dan bekerja sama dengan pembeli (penyalur). Pihak pemasok dan pihak pembeli memiliki permasalahan terkait dengan belum adanya integrasi sehingga menyebabkan kedua pihak memiliki kebijakan masing-masing dalam mengendalikan persediaan. Perbedaan kebijakan inventori ini mengakibatkan total biaya pengendalian persediaan gabungan kedua eselon menjadi besar. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini diusulkan metode pengendalian persediaan yang terintegrasi antara pihak pemasok dan pihak pembeli. Langkah pertama yang dilakukan adalah peramalan permintaan beras Bulir Mas untuk periode yang akan datang. Setelah itu, dilakukan perhitungan biaya pengendalian persediaan pada masing-masing eselon, yaitu Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) pada pihak pemasok dan metode periodic (Model P) pada pihak pembeli. Terakhir, dilakukan perhitungan perhitungan biaya persediaan yang diusulkan dengan menggunakan metode JELS (Joint Economic Lot Size). Dari hasil perhitungan tersebut, diperoleh biaya inventori supplier sebesar  Rp. 1.949.178.707,- dan biaya inventori buyer sebesar Rp.1.923.207.603. Sementara pengendalian persediaan setelah menggunakan metode JELS adalah sebesar Rp. 36.895.840. Penerapan metode usulan ini menghasilkan integrasi hubungan antara pihak pemasok dan pihak pembeli dalam satu rantai pasok yang menyebabkan penurunan total biaya pengendalian persediaan Rp.33.493.421,- atau setara dengan 47,58%.
PENGARUH KEBISINGAN TERHADAP AKTIVITAS MASYARAKAT DI TERMINAL MARDIKA AMBON
Authors: Hutagalung Robert
Published: June 2020

Penelitian pengaruh kebisingan terhadap aktivitas masyarakat di Terminal Mardika Ambon dilakukan pada bulan Oktober sampai November tahun 2016. Titik pengamatan dibagi menjadi tiga bagian yaitu di Terminal A meliputi dua titik pengamatan dan di Terminal B meliputi satu titik pengamatan. Data kebisingan diambil dengan menggunakan alat pengukur kebisingan (sound level meter) sedangkan data gangguan yang dirasakan masyarakat diambil dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada para pedagang di Terminal Mardika Ambon. Hasil perhitungan rerata kebisingan telah melebihi Nilai Ambang Batas yang dianjurkan untuk daerah perdagangan dan jasa yaitu 77,8 dB (hari Sabtu) ; 73,1 dB (Hari Minggu) dan 76,3dB (Hari Senin). Dari Hasil analisis terdapat perubahan yang signifikan antara kebisingan pada hari Sabtu dan Minggu diperoleh (p 1.65x10-18<0,05), kebisingan antara hari Sabtu dan Senin (p5.2x10-5< 0,05), dan kebisingan antara hari Minggu dan Senin (p 3.56x10-15< 0,05). Hasil Pengumpulan data gangguan tertinggi yang dirasakan masyarakat di Terminal Mardika Ambon adalah gangguan psikologis yaitu 8,6.
TINJAUAN PENGGUNAAN METODE LEAN CONSTRUCTION PADA PROYEK KONTRUKSI (Studikasus Pada Pesona Alam Estate)
Authors: Kololu Welmy , Camerling B. J.
Published: June 2020

Setiap pelaksanaan proyek konstruksi tidak lepas dari berbagai kendala ataupun kegagalan, yang antara lain disebabkan oleh rendahnya kinerja ataupun produktivitas tenaga kerja, perencanaan proyek yang kurang matang, anggaran proyek membengkak, dan juga spesifikasi yang tidak sesuai. Untuk itu perlu adanya perbaikan perencanaan dengan menggunakan metode Lean Construction, yang meliputi pengidentifikasian waste, resiko dan estimasi kebutuhan proyek (waktu, sumber daya, dan biaya).Lean construction adalah cara untuk mendesain sistem produksi untuk meminimalkan waste dalam bahan material, waktu, dan usaha untuk menghasilkan nilai (value) semaksimum mungkin (Abdelhamid dan Salem, 2005). Lean merupakan cara baru untuk memikirkan dan melakukan pekerjaan di konstruksi.mengoptimalkan Pekerjaan Kontruksi Pesona Alam Estate Menurut Pandangan Kontraktor, Pengawasdan Suplier. Hal ini terlihat dengan nilai Chi-Square yang menunjukan tidak ada perbedaan jawaban antara ketiga pelaku kontruksi yaitu kontraktor, Pengawas dan Suplier yang menyatakan sangat perlu untuk penerapan Lean Construction dalam pekerjaan mereka.Tingkat kesulitan penerapan metode Lean Cnstruction masih dirasakan merupakan kendala bagi ketiga pelaku pekerjaan kontruksi Pesona Alam Estate.
ANALISIS PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA PANTAI LUBANG BUAYA DI DESA MORELA KECAMATAN LEIHITU BARAT KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH
Authors: Nur Ayu Soraya M. , Tupan J.M.
Published: June 2020

Pantai Lubang Buaya merupakan salah satu objek wisata yang telah dikenal masyarakat pada tahun 2012 karena keunikan alam pantainya dengan air laut yang berwarna hijau tosca, tempat wisata ini dikekelolah oleh masyarakat setempat namun pengembangan Objek wisata ini belum dikembangkan secara optimal pengembangan yang dilakukan memerlukan penanganan yang seksama dan memperhatikan berbagai faktor yang relevan. Pengamatan yang dilakukan membuktikan bahwa objek pariwisata ini perlu memperhatikan keterlibatan masyarakat untuk membangun ekonomi. Selain itu, observasi awal juga menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesejahteraan dari masyarakat di Negeri ini masih rendah, sehingga memerlukan alternatif sumber pendapatan baru untuk meningkatkan pendapatan dan kehidupan yang lebih baik. Strategi pengembangan Pantai Lubang Buaya ini dengan menggunakan metode SWOT dan AHP. Hasil analisis menunjukkan prioritas strategi yaitu pada Strategi SO bobot 0,259381712, Strategi WO bobot 0,200759437, Strategi ST bobot 0,29297714, dan Strategi WT dengan bobot 0,246881712. Maka dari itu strategi ST dengan bobot tertinggi dipakai sebagai alternatif pengembangan objek wisata Pantai Lubang Buaya.
ANALISIS PERENCANAAN AKTIVITAS KONSTRUKSI PADA PEKERJAAN SARANA DAN PRASARANA PLTP (PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA PANAS BUMI) TULEHU
Authors: Tubaka Salmin Yadi
Published: June 2020

Jasa kosntruksi merupakan layanan jasa konsultasi, perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan pengawasan pekerjaan konstruksi. Salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak dalam jasa konstruksi adalah PT. Persada Priyatna dimana perusahaan tersebut dipercayai oleh salah satu perusahaan BUMN untuk mengerjakan proyek pembangunan sarana dan prasaran PLTP (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi)  di Tulehu berupa pembangunan jalan hantar dan penyiapan wellpad. Penelitian ini menggunakan 2 metode yaitu Critical Path Method (CPM) untuk menganalisa aktivitas kontruksi, dan Program Evaluation And Review Technique (PERT) untuk menentukan faktor ketidakpastian (uncertainty). Pada penelitian ini langkah pertama yang dilakukan yaitu planning awal proyek kemudian menghitung durasi probabilitas serta membuat kurva probabilitas. Langkah – langkah tersebut diolah menggunakan Microsoft Project 2007.Hasil dari Microsoft Project 2007 dimana durasi proyek probabilitas sebesar 693 hari. Total slack sumber daya tak terbatas terdapat 9 aktivitas yang mempunyai nilai total slack, sedangkan total slack sumber daya terbatas terdapat 7 aktivitas. Lintasan kritis sumber daya tak terbatas memiliki 109 aktivitas kritis dari 129 aktivitas pekerjaan sedangkan lintasan kritis dengan sumber daya terbatas memiliki 111 aktivitas kritis dari 129 aktivitas pekerjaan.
ANALISIS PERALATAN DAN METODE KERJA BERBASIS ERGONOMI PADA PENYULINGAN MINYAK KAYU PUTIH TRADISIONAL SEBAGAI PRODUK ANDALAN DI AMBON
Authors: Hutagalung Robert , Girsang Wardis , Kilay Amos , Paillin D. B.
Published: June 2020

Penyulingan minyak kayu putih adalah salah satu industri tradisional masyarakat di Maluku, khususnya pulau Ambon, Buru dan Seram. Kegiatan ini dilakukan lebih dari 8 jam/hari tanpa menggunakan konsep ergonomi, seperti: waktu istirahat, nutrisi, peralatan kerja dan ruang produksi. Faktor lain seperti: paparan panas, asap dan kondisi lingkungan kerja yang tidak ergonomis ikut memberikan beban tambahan. Untuk mengatasi kondisi tersebut, perlu dilakukan desain peralatan dan metode kerja guna memperbaiki sikap yang tidak alamiah serta memberikan kesempatan kepada para pekerja melakukan istirahat aktif dan mengubah sistem statis menjadi dinamis. Tujuan penelitian yang ingin dicapai adalah menurunkan keluhan muskuloskeletal, beban kerja serta meningkatkan produktivitas setelah desain peralatan dan metode kerja berbasis ergonomi. Luaran yang ditargetkan adalah peralatan dan metode kerja baru berbasis ergonomi yakni sistem kerja, ruang produksi, ketel penyulingan, tungku, lemari, tempat duduk/tidur, sistem pendingin, perpipaan dan corong asap, serta produktivitas meningkat 15%. Hasil penelitian sementara ini memberikan kesimpulan sebagai berikut: 1. Pengaruh keluhan musculoskeletal dan kelelahan yang tinggi sebagai kontribusi juga dari aspek lingkungan kerja yang kurang ergonomis memicu pekerja untuk bekerja pada kemampuan belum wajar untuk memberikan hasil yang maksimal; 2. Perbedaan material pipa pendingin (stanless steel, tembaga dan aluminium) untuk proses kondensasi uap minyak kayu putih, dapat berkontribusi pada karakteristik produk dan jumlah produksi; 3. Setelah intervensi ergonomi dalam desain metode dan peralatan kerja maka terjadi penurunan dari target penelitian (10%) sebesar 56,2% untuk tingkat keluhan musculoskeletal, 57,8% untuk keluhan kelelahan dan 19,3% untuk beban kerja, sedangkan untuk produktivitas kerja pengolah minyak kayu putih tradisional naik 24,3% dari target penelitian sebesar 15%.
ASSESMENT PERLAKUAN LELANG ONLINE PENGGADAAN INFRASTRUKTUR PADA INSTANSI PEMERINTAH DI KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH
Authors: Oppier Imran
Published: June 2020

Diberlakukan e-procurement karena berbagai kelemahan sistim konvensional yang membuka peluang timbulnya KKN. Hadirnya e-procurement dalam rangka pemanfaatan perkembangan teknologi informasi dalam proses pengadaan barang/jasa serta untuk mewujudkan pelaksanaan pengadaan barang/jasa yang efisien, efektif, adil dan transparansi. Namun  e-procurement  masih memiliki beberapa kelemahan, hambatan serta permasalahan dalam proses pelaksanaannya. Untuk itu sangat diperlukan evaluasi penerapan e-procurement, dan bagaimana pengaruh penerapan e-procurement terhadap kinerja dan efisiensi pengadaan serta strategi pemerintah kabupaten Maluku Tengah ke depan dalam memberlakukan sistim e-procurement.Hasil dari penelitian yaitu meliputi sistim manajemen kontrol,Kualitas,Kerjasama dengan Mitra Kerja,Hukum dan Peraturan Tentang e-procurement, dan variabel yang berpengaruh dan sangat penting terhadap efisiensi adalah Manajemen Kontrol Data. Sedangkan posisi organisasi (LKPP) yang menjalankan sistim e-procurement dalam situasi memiliki peluang dan kekuatan dalam informasi yang bisa diakses lebih mudah dan luas, proses lelang menjadi cepat, pengadaan yang bersih dan transparan serta mendapatkan hasil pengadaan yang sesui dengan ketentuan/spesifikasi. Strategi yang digunakan guna pengembangan organisasi (LKPP) dalam menjalankan sistim e-procurement adalah Meningkatkan sistim manajemen kontrol data dalam upaya proses pengadaan yang bersih dan transparansi, meningkatkan keberhasilan pada kemampuan sumber daya manusia, Pengembangan dan pemeliharaan infrastruktur TI  yang terbagi dalam tiga kelompok: perangkat keras,piranti lunak,jaringan computer untuk mewujudkan aplikasi e-procurement.
PERANCANGAN PENERAPAN METODE 5S DI PABRIK SARINDA BAKERY
Authors: Maitimue N E , Ralahalu Helga Y. P.
Published: June 2020

Metode 5S (Seiri, Seiso, Seiton, Seiketsu dan Shitsuke) merupakan metode penyempurnaan tempat kerja yang dilakukan secara berkelanjutan untuk menjadi kondisi yang lebih baik.Sasaran 5S adalah peningkatan jumlah produksi dengan menghilangkan pemborosan (waste) selama proses produksi.Pemborosan-pemborosan tersebut harus dikurangi karena menimbulkan biaya-biaya yang menyebabkan berkurangnya untung suatu perusahaan.Penelitian ini merancang penerapan meotde 5S di Sarinda Bakery untuk menjamin ruang produksi bersih dan sehat, serta menata ruang tersebut agar memenuhi standar yang telah ditentukan.
ANALISIS PEMILIHAN LOKASI YANG TEPAT UNTUK PEMBUATAN CABANG BARU DARI INDUSTRI JASA PIJAT NAKAMURA SEITAI DI PROVINSI MALUKU DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process)
Authors: Lawalata V. O. , Tupan J. M. , Kaihena Ledyweyk
Published: June 2020

Banyaknya jumlah konsumen harian dari Nakamura Seitai menyebabkan fasilitas yang ada kurang memadai untuk mendukung pelaksanaan jasa pijatnya. Areal sekitar lokasi industri ini sudah padat dan sulit untuk pengembangan. Pihak manajemen memutuskan membuka cabang baru di wilayah Kota Ambon dengan mempertimbangkan 3 alternatif lokasi yaitu Urimessing, Batu Meja, Tanah Tinggi, dan Passo. Penilaian masing-masing lokasi menggunakan metode wawancara berdasarkan perspektif pemilik perusahaan. Kriteria umum seleksi lokasi adalah  ukuran lokasi, biaya investasi, pasar, bahan baku, dan infrastruktur pendukung. Analisis data menggunakan metode analytical hierarchy process (AHP) menunjukkan Urimessing mendapatkan prioritas tertinggi dari pemilik perusahaan sebagai lokasi pembangunan cabang baru industri pijat tersebut.
EVALUASI EFEKTIVITAS PEMELIHARAAN MENGGUNAKAN ALAT REMINDER PEMELIHARAAN DENGAN PENERAPAN TOTAL PRODUCTIVE MAINTENANCE DI PT. PLN (PERSERO) RAYON HARUKU
Authors: Tupan J. M. , Simanjuntak A. , Aditiar Luthfy
Published: June 2020

Pemeliharaan terencana diSatuan Pembangkit Diesel (SPD )harus dilakukan  tepat waktu yang dapat mendeteksi atau mengetahui masalah lebih dini.Pada kondisi riil dilapangan, kegiatan pemeliharaan di PLTD Rayon Haruku kurang termonitor. PLTD ini memerlukans uatu metode yang mampu mengatasi permasalahan tersebut dengan jelas agar dapat melakukan peningkatan kinerja peralatan dan perawatan dengan optimal. Dengan alat reminder pemeliharaan, diharapkan dapat menjaga kondisi mesin agar selalu handal dan siap beroperasi serta tidak mengalami kerusakan pada waktu yang singkat, sehingga hasilnya dapat meningkatkan efektivitas pemeliharaan serta menekan nilai kerugian yang diakibatkan oleh kerusakan komponen mesin. Dari hasil penelitian ini didapat nilai Overall Equipment Effectiveness sebesar 94.37% yang menunjukkan bahwa proses penggunaan alat reminder pemeliharaan sangat membantu proses penerapan TPM secara ideal.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN SISTEM SCADA PADA KEANDALAN JARINGAN DISTRIBUSI PT. PLN AREA MASOHI
Authors: Paillin Daniel B. , Pradipta Galang
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sebelum dan sesudah penggunanan system SCADA  terhadap keandalan jaringan distribusi PT. PLN Wilayah Maluku dan Maluku Utara Area Masohi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya peningkatan indeks keandalan setelah terintegrasi dengan sistem Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) dengan parameter indeks System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) sebesar 15,04 Jam/pelanggan dan System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI)  sebesar 14,92 kali/pelanggan serta penghematan sebesar  Rp 35.369.361
ALTERNATIF PEMILIHAN BAHAN PIPA UNTUK MENCEGAH KOROSI PADA RAW WATER FILTER MESIN SWD 6TM410RR PLTD HATIVE KECIL
Authors: Camerling B. J , Abdullah Istawa. A.
Published: June 2020

Pusat Listrik Tenaga Diesel (PLTD) adalah pembangkit listrik yang menggunakan sistem mesin pembakaran dalam yang memerlukan sistem pendinginan. Proses pembakaran pada ruang bakar akan menimbulkan panas yang tinggi selama pembakaran berlangsung. Oleh sebab itu untuk menghindari terjadinya kerusakan pada material yang berhubungan langsung dengan proses pembakaran maka diperlukan proses pendinginan. Salah satu Sistem pendinginan pada mesin yang terdapat di PLTD Hative Kecil yaitu yang sistem pendinginan dengan menggunakan media air laut (raw waer cooling system). Sistem pendingin tersebut digunakan untuk mendinginkan minyak pelumas, jacket water, dan intercooler. Raw water cooling system memiliki efisiensi yang lebih tinggi dan dapat mendinginkan secara merata. Adapun kerugian raw water cooling system adalah pada instalasi pemipaan dan komponennya mudah sekali terjadi pengkaratan disebabkan air laut yang bersifat korosif. Raw water cooling system mengalami korosi pada filternya (berbahan stainless steel) sehingga membuat lubang-lubang filter menjadi semakin besar. Korosi tersebut mengakibatkan banyak kotoran yang tembus melewati lubang-lubang filter hingga menutupi lubang-lubang tubing pendingin minyak pelumas, jacket water dan intercooler. Tentunya kondisi ini sangat mengganggu kelancaran operasional dan pemeliharaan mesin karena terjadinya penurunan performa, mesin trip akibat over heating dan dapat berdampak pada kerusakan material. Untuk itu dengan adanya permasalahan tersebut maka diadakan penelitian untuk dilakukan pemilihan bahan raw water filter dengan menggunakan bahan pipa sehingga diharapkan Raw water cooling system tidak mengalami korosi pada filternya.
ANALISA BIAYA PENGARUH IMPLEMENTASI SIPEMBANGKIT TERHADAP BIAYA OPERASIONAL PEMELIHARAAN MESIN PADA PT.PLN (PERSERO) PLTD POKA-AMBON
Authors: Tupan J. M. , Tampubulon Billy S.
Published: June 2020

Perawatan mesin diesel pada bagian maintenance  PLTDsangat penting untuk mencegah terjadinya downtime  produksi. Perawatan yang paling baik digunakan adalah perawatan pencegahan sebelum terjadinya kerusakan (preventive maintenance). Sistem perawatan mesin yang dilakukan di PLTD Poka ialah periodic maintenance dan condition-based maintenance, yaitu tindakan perawatan yang dilakukan berdasarkan lamanya waktu operasi mesin yang telah ditentukan oleh pabrikan dan berdasarkan kondisi mesin. Dengan sistem tersebut ,ditemukan kesulitan perencanaan dan administrasi pemeliharaan karena fluktuatifnya pengoperasian mesin sehingga pemeliharaan sering tidak tepat waktu. Waktu antar  kerusakan adalah selang waktu terjadinya kerusakan setelah dilakukan perbaikan. Untuk menentukan waktu antar kerusakan, langkah pertama yang dilakukan adalah dengan mengukur lamanya  waktu operasi mesin setelah dilakukan perbaikan pada setiap kerusakan mesin. Sistem perencanaan pemeliharaan selama ini masih menggunakan perhitungan secara manual sehingga ada kemungkinan salah perhitungan perencanaan pemeliharaan yang berujung padati dakter capainya SFC, SLC dan Jam operasi Mesin yang diharapkan / ditargetkan. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut,dibuatlah“SiPembangkit”berbasis web untuk modernisasi system record dan report data harian dan bulanan pengoperasian mesin, monitoring pemeliharaan serta peningkatan performance operasional mesin. Dengan demikian operational Excellence bisa tercapai.