bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blockchain‐Enabled Task Offloading and Resource Allocation in Fog Computing Networks
Authors: Huang Xiaoge , Deng Xuesong , Liang Chengchao , Fan Weiwei
Published: December 2021

To address the data security and user privacy issues in the task offloading process and resource allocation of the fog computing network, a blockchain‐enabled fog computing network task offloading model is proposed in this paper. Furthermore, to reduce the network utility which is defined as the total energy consumption of the fog computing network and the total delay of the blockchain network, a blockchain‐enabled fog computing network task offloading and resource allocation algorithm (TR‐BFCN) is proposed to jointly optimize the task offloading decision and resource allocation. Finally, the original nonconvex optimization problem is converted into two suboptimization problems, namely, task offloading decisions and computational resource allocations. Moreover, a two‐stage Stackelberg game model is designed to obtain the optimal amount of purchased resource and the optimal resource pricing. Simulation results show that the proposed TR‐BFCN algorithm can effectively reduce the network utility compared with other algorithms.
Evaluation of Glucocorticoid Therapy in Asthma Children with Small Airway Obstruction Based on CT Features of Deep Learning
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Yang
Published: December 2021

This study was aimed at exploring the treatment of asthma children with small airway obstruction in CT imaging features of deep learning and glucocorticoid. A total of 145 patients meeting the requirements in hospital were included in this study, and they were randomly assigned to receive aerosolized glucocorticoid (

n
=
45

), aerosolized glucocorticoid combined with bronchodilator (

n
=
50

), or oral steroids (

n
=
50

) for 4 weeks after discharge. The lung function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) indexes of the three groups were measured, respectively, and then the effective rates were compared to evaluate the clinical efficacy of glucocorticoids with different administration methods and combined medications in the short-term maintenance treatment after acute exacerbation of asthma. Deep learning algorithm was used for CT image segmentation. The CT image is sent to the workbench for processing on the workbench, and then the convolution operation is performed on each input pixel point during the image processing. After 4 weeks of maintenance treatment, FEF50 %, FEF75 %, and MMEF75/25 increased significantly, and FENO decreased significantly (

P
<
0.01

). The improvement results of FEF50 %, FEF75 %, MMEF75/25, and FENO after maintenance treatment were as follows: the oral hormone group was the most effective, followed by the combined atomization inhalation group, and the hormone atomization inhalation group was the least effective. The differences among them were statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). The accuracy of artificial intelligence segmentation algorithm was 81%. All the hormones were more effective than local medication in the treatment of small airway function and airway inflammation. In the treatment of aerosol inhalation, the hormone combined with bronchiectasis drug was the most effective in improving small airway obstruction and reducing airway inflammation compared with single drug inhalation. Deep learning CT images are simple, noninvasive, and intuitively observe lung changes in asthma with small airway functional obstruction. Asthma with small airway functional obstruction has high clinical diagnosis and evaluation value.
Prediction Algorithm of Collaborative Innovation Capability of High-End Equipment Manufacturing Enterprises Based on Random Forest
Authors: Xiao Zhenhong , Shi Jianbang , Tan Rui , Shen Junyi
Published: December 2021

This paper studies the competitiveness of listed companies in high-end equipment manufacturing industry by using random forest. Random forest is a supervised machine learning algorithm that is actually based on the regression and classification. It takes some important decisions that are always based upon the set of samples. It counts majority for the classification purposes while it takes an average for the regression. For empirical analysis, 88 listed companies are selected. It is found that there are great differences in comprehensive competitiveness among industries. Enterprise scale accounts for a high proportion in the comprehensive competitiveness, and its score often affects the comprehensive strength; and the gap between companies in the same industry is also obvious. The empirical evaluation results of this paper provide three enlightenments for enterprises to improve their comprehensive competitiveness, such as seizing the strategic opportunity to expand the market, expand the scale of enterprises, improve asset management, and narrow the industry gap.
Multidomain Fusion Data Privacy Security Framework
Authors: Yang Jing , Qu Lianwei , Wang Yong
Published: December 2021

With the collaborative collection of the Internet of Things (IoT) in multidomain, the collected data contains richer background knowledge. However, this puts forward new requirements for the security of data publishing. Furthermore, traditional statistical methods ignore the attributes sensitivity and the relationship between attributes, which makes multimodal statistics among attributes in multidomain fusion data set based on sensitivity difficult. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a multidomain fusion data privacy security framework. First, based on attributes recognition, classification, and grading model, determine the attributes sensitivity and relationship between attributes to realize the multimode data statistics. Second, combine them with the different modal histograms to build multimodal histograms. Finally, we propose a privacy protection model to ensure the security of data publishing. The experimental analysis shows that the framework can not only build multimodal histograms of different microdomain attribute sets but also effectively reduce frequency query error.
Gastroprotective Effects of the Aqueous Extract from Taraxacum officinale in Rats Using Ultrasound, Histology, and Biochemical Analysis
Authors: Zanatta Maria Eduarda D. C. , Miorando Daniela , Stefller Amanda M. , Roos Nátali , Ernetti Jackeline , Predebon Ana Júlia , Lindemann Heloísa , Mânica Aline , Oliveira Beatriz M. M. , Serpa Patrícia Z. , Bohnen Lilian , Simomura Viviane , Gomes Denise B. , Vidal-Gutiérrez Max , Vilegas Wagner , Silva Luisa M. , Roman Junior Walter A.
Published: December 2021

Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. belonging to the family Asteraceae is an edible medicinal plant distributed worldwide. This study aimed to determine the gastroprotective effects of aqueous extract of T. officinale (AETo) in rats using ultrasound, histological, and biochemical analyses. In this study, gastric ulceration was induced by ethanol or piroxicam. Rats were then treated with AETo (3, 30, or 300 mg/kg). The area and histological appearance of gastric ulcers were quantified, and histochemical analysis was performed. The activity of AETo on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers was assessed in the ulcerated tissue. In addition, we investigated the thickness of the gastric wall using the ultrasound technique. Moreover, chemical analyses of AETo were performed. In rats with ethanol- or piroxicam-induced ulcers, AETo reduced the ulceration area, elevated mucin level, and the gastroprotective effect was confirmed by histological analysis. The gastroprotective effect was accompanied by increased activities of SOD, CAT, and GST, as well as an increase in GSH level and reduction in MPO activity. Furthermore, AETo reduced the thickness of the gastric wall in rats. Phytochemical analysis of AETo indicated phenolic acids and flavonoids as the main active compounds. In conclusion, the gastroprotective effect of AETo involves reduction in oxidative stress and inflammatory injury and increase in mucin content. This study advances in the elucidation of mechanisms of gastric protection of T. officinale, contributes to the prospection of new molecules gastroprotective, and proposes the ultrasonographic analyses as a new gastroprotective assessment tool in preclinical studies.
Effect of Implantable Collamer Lens on Anterior Segment Measurement and Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Based on IOLMaster 700 and Sirius
Authors: Chen Xiaoyong , Zhang Di , Liu Ziyuan , Liu Yinan , Cai Hongyuan , Wu Qianru , Zhang Yu
Published: December 2021

Purpose. To investigate the possible effect of an implantable collamer lens (ICL) on ocular biometrics and intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation. Methods. Ocular measurements were taken preoperatively and at the two-month follow-up using IOLMaster 700 and Sirius in 85 eyes (43 patients) who had previously undergone ICL surgery. IOL power was calculated using either IOLMaster 700 (Barrett Universal II formula) or Sirius (ray-tracing). All data were compared using the paired t-test. Results. The difference between preoperative and postoperative anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and keratometry on the steep axis (K2) measured by IOLMaster 700 was statistically significant (p < 0.001). In 11 of 85 eyes, IOLMaster misjudged the anterior surface of the ICL as that of the lens, leading to an error in ACD and LT. There were no significant differences between preoperative and postoperative axial length (AL) (p = 0.223), white to white (WTW) (p = 0.100), keratometry on flat axis (K1) (p = 0.117), or central corneal thickness (CCT) (p = 0.648), measured using IOLMaster. The difference in IOL power calculated using the Barrett II formula was significant (p = 0.013). Regression analysis showed that AL and K had the greatest influence on IOL calculation (p < 0.001), and ACD and LT had less influence (p = 0.002, p = 0.218, respectively). K1 and K2 were modified to exclude the influence of K2, and modified IOLs showed no difference between pre and postoperation (p = 0.372). Preoperative and postoperative ACD measured using Sirius were significantly different (p < 0.001); however, the IOL power calculated using ray-tracing technology showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). Conclusions. The ocular biometric apparatus may misjudge the anterior surface of the lens, resulting in measurement errors of ACD and LT, which has little effect on the calculation of IOL power when using IOLMaster 700 (Barrett Universal II formula) and Sirius (ray-tracing).
Evaluation of the Effect of Ideological and Political Education on Psychological Crisis Intervention for University Students Based on Data Mining Algorithm
Authors: Yao Hexia , Malek Mohd. Dahlan Hj. A.
Published: December 2021

The mental health level of university students not only directly affects their own growth, but also affects the stability of the campus, which in turn affects the harmony of society and the improvement of the quality of all people. The combination of ideological education and mental health education is an important educational project in contemporary universities. To enhance the quality of psychological health education of college students can promote the overall development of students’ comprehensive quality; the two are closely integrated together, so as to successfully promote the effective combination of ideological education and psychological education, thus realizing the role of ideological education and psychological health education in promoting the physical and mental health development of contemporary college students. This paper explains the technology of data mining and the current situation of the psychological impact of Civic Education on college students and analyzes in depth the feasibility of introducing data mining technology in Civic Education to intervene in the psychological crisis of college students. The results show that the application of the technology provides a new idea for the mental health education of college students and a new way for the construction of a preventive college student mental health education model.
Risk Evaluation on China Government Bonds with EWMAVaR and SVM Methods
Authors: Ouyang Tianhao , Lu Xiaoyong
Published: December 2021

This research studies the strategy of risk evaluation of China government bonds with the latest data. The angle of evaluation focuses on the interest rate and the stability risk, employing the EWMAVaR and SVM methods. The weights of each risk indicator are determined by the entropy method. Experimental results show that the risk of government bonds is stable in recent years. However, the impact of COVID-19 cannot be ignored because the risk level increased in the year 2020. The issuing of one trillion special antipandemic bonds could explain the fluctuation of the market because the fiscal incomes of Chinese government decreased in 2020 and could not be recovered in a short time. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper has a better performance than the existing methods, and it can help well in realizing the risk assessment of government bonds.
Determinants of Cerebral Palsy in Pediatric Patients in Northern Ethiopia: A Hospital-Based Study
Authors: Ekanem Peter E. , Nyaga Anne C. K. , Tsegay Niguse , Ebuy Haftamu , Imbusi Elizabeth A. , Ekanem Regina , Peter Nissi
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Cerebral palsy is the most common neurologic disorder of childhood with lifelong implications in majority of patients. Knowledge of the determinants of cerebral palsy is important for accurate mobilization of resources in obstetric, perinatal, and infant care besides implementation of prevention systems. In Ethiopia, however, this knowledge gap exists as there are no published studies on determinants of cerebral palsy in the country. Objective. To assess the determinants of cerebral palsy in pediatric patients attending Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital between April 2019 and August 2019. Methods. An unmatched case-control study was conducted among 50 pediatric cerebral palsy patients and 100 controls, pediatric patients without cerebral palsy or other motor or central nervous system illnesses, attending Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 27. Results. Significant factors were operative vaginal delivery (AOR: 9.49, 95% CI: 1.31–68.88), central nervous system infections (AOR: 0.02, 95% CI: 0–0.58), neonatal admissions (AOR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03–0.61), and unknown maternal education status (AOR: 18.64, 95% CI: 2.15–161.73). Conclusion. Operative vaginal delivery, central nervous system infections in infancy, neonatal hospital admissions, and unknown maternal education status were found to be significant determinants for cerebral palsy. This knowledge aids focused hospital and regional health bureau development and implementation of prevention strategies for cerebral palsy, besides improvement of obstetric and neonatal healthcare services, and provides baseline data to the scientific community for further research.
La Educación Médica en tiempos de pandemia COVID-19: Reflexiones de la Red de Educación Médica y Ciencias de la Salud de Chile
Authors: Santelices Lucia , Guerra Zúñiga María Elízabeth , Muer Gyselle
Published: December 2021

El objetivo del ensayo es realizar un análisis de las variables implicadas en el proceso educativo en las carreras de las Ciencias de la Salud en Chile durante la pandemia por COVID, que desde la perspectiva de las autoras merecen una atención particular. Se consideró 3 aspectos: la selección de contenidos de aprendizaje, la utilización de la tecnología de parte de los docentes y de los estudiantes y la modificación de un sistema de evaluación tradicional por un sistema de evaluación auténtica. Se finaliza el ensayo compartiendo las estrategias con las que diversas Escuelas de Medicina del país enfrentaron la emergencia.
Estrategias para promover un ambiente académico respetuoso en el ámbito clínico
Authors: Mejía Natalia , Suárez Daniel
Published: December 2021

El maltrato, la amenaza, el acoso, la discriminación y la violencia de género en la educación médica son fenómenos generalizados mundialmente y altamente prevalentes. Los comportamientos inapropiados hacia los estudiantes de medicina han sido reconocidos como una amenaza pues interfieren en la construcción de la identidad profesional, el bienestar estudiantil y éxito académico contribuyendo al agotamiento físico, el desgaste emocional, y el abuso de alcohol y otras sustancias psicoactivas. El impacto negativo de un ambiente jerárquico donde las relaciones de poder pueden tornarse abusivas cambia el enfoque empático y altruista que se espera de un profesional de la salud y perpetúa el maltrato por generaciones. En facultades de medicina de Latinoamérica, la prevalencia de conductas inapropiadas en estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado varía de 17 a 100%, con una importante participación de profesores y residentes como perpetradores del maltrato. Es responsabilidad de los líderes en educación médica enfocar sus esfuerzos pedagógicos en formar profesionales humanizados, empáticos y felices en modelos de enseñanza que promuevan la dignidad y los derechos de los estudiantes. La profesión médica debe asumir un papel de liderazgo condenando las conductas inapropiadas y aportando un enfoque de tolerancia cero para todas las formas de intimidación y acoso en el lugar de aprendizaje y de trabajo, así como fomentar la igualdad de oportunidades en la fuerza laboral médica.
Protein Phosphatase 2A–Dependent Mitotic hnRNPA1 Dephosphorylation and TERRA Formation Facilitate Telomere Capping
Authors: Sui Jiang-Dong , Tang Zheng , Chen Benjamin P.C. , Huang Ping , Yang Meng-Qi , Wang Nuo-Han , Yang Hao-Nan , Tu Hong-Lei , Jiang Qing-Ming , Zhang Jing , Wang Ying , Wu Yong-Zhong
Published: December 2021

The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1), telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA), and protection of telomeres 1 (POT1) have been reported to orchestrate to displace replication protein A (RPA) from telomeric overhangs, ensuring orderly telomere replication and capping. Our previous studies further demonstrated that DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs)-dependent hnRNPA1 phosphorylation plays a crucial role in the promotion of hnRNPA1 binding to telomeric overhangs and RPA displacement during G2–M phases. However, it is unclear that how the subsequent exchange between hnRNPA1 and POT1 is orchestrated. Here we report that the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) depends on its scaffold subunit, which is called PPP2R1A, to interact with and dephosphorylate hnRNPA1 in the late M phase. Furthermore, PP2A-mediated hnRNPA1 dephosphorylation and TERRA accumulation act in concert to promote the hnRNPA1-to-POT1 switch on telomeric single-stranded DNA. Consequently, defective PPP2R1A results in ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR)-mediated DNA damage response at telomeres as well as induction of fragile telomeres. Combined inhibition of ATR and PP2A induces entry into a catastrophic mitosis and leads to synthetic lethality of tumor cells. In addition, PPP2R1A levels correlate with clinical stages and prognosis of multiple types of cancers. Taken together, our results indicate that PP2A is critical for telomere maintenance.

Implications:

This study demonstrates that the PP2A-dependent hnRNPA1 dephosphorylation and TERRA accumulation facilitates the formation of the protective capping structure of newly replicated telomeres, thus exerting essential oncogenic role in tumorigenesis.
The Gut Microbiome and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications for Early Diagnostic Biomarkers and Novel Therapies
Authors: Kang Yongbo , Cai Yue , Yang Ying
Published: December 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks the third place among all causes inducing cancer-associated mortality, worldwide. HCC nearly exclusively occurs in cases suffering from chronic liver disease (CLD), which results from the vicious cycle of liver damage, inflammation, and regeneration possibly lasting for dozens of years. Recently, more and more investigation on microbiome-gut-liver axis enhances our understanding toward how gut microbiota promotes liver disease and even HCC development. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the effect of gut microbiota on promoting HCC occurrence, with the focus on key pathways such as bacterial dysbiosis, leaky gut, bacterial metabolites, and microorganism-related molecular patterns, which promote liver inflammation, genotoxicity, and fibrosis that finally lead to cancer occurrence. Furthermore, we discuss gut microbiota’s important potential to be the early diagnostic biomarker for HCC. Gut microbiota may be the candidate targets to simultaneously prevent CLD and HCC occurrence among advanced liver disease cases. We outlook the gut microbiota-targeting treatments in detail to prevent CLD and HCC progression.
Off-Label Under- and Overdosing of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xin-Lin , Zhang Xiao-Wen , Wang Ting-Yu , Wang Hong-Wei , Chen Zheng , Xu Biao , Xu Wei
Published: December 2021

Background:

Prescriptions of off-label under- and overdosing of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are common for patients with atrial fibrillation, but their efficacy and safety remain unknown.

Methods:

Databases were searched for randomized controlled trial or adjusted observational study that compared an off-label versus on-label dosing of DOACs through June 15, 2021. The primary efficacy outcome was ischemic stroke/system embolism (IS/SE), and primary safety outcome was major bleeding. Net clinical outcome was generally defined as the composite of IS/SE, major bleeding, and all-cause death. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were pooled with random-effects models with Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method for adjustment.

Results:

Sixteen studies with 130 609 patients were included. Compared with on-labeling dosing, off-label underdosing of DOACs was associated with a higher risk of IS/SE (HR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.05–1.42],
P
=0.01). The incidence of major bleeding was similar (HR, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.82–1.11],
P
=0.48). Off-label underdosing was associated with a higher risk of net clinical outcome (HR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.04–1.40],
P
=0.04) and all-cause death (HR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.04–1.48],
P
=0.02). Stratified analysis of off-label underdosing of DOACs for IS/SE showed subgroup differences among different DOAC types and study regions. Limited data showed that off-label overdosing was associated with a higher risk of IS/SE (HR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.11–1.43],
P
=0.003) and major bleeding (HR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.04–1.62],
P
=0.025).

Conclusions:

Compared with on-label dosing, off-label underdosing of DOACs increased the risk of thromboembolic events but did not decrease the risk of bleeding. Limited data for off-label overdosing showed higher risks of thromboembolic and bleeding. Further studies are warranted to confirm the results of off-label overdosing DOACs and subgroup results of underdosing DOACs.
The Economics of Modern Imperialism
Authors: Carchedi Guglielmo , Roberts Michael
Published: December 2021

This work focuses exclusively on the modern economic aspects of imperialism. We define it as a persistent and long-term net appropriation of surplus value by the high-technology imperialist countries from the low-technology dominated countries. This process is placed within the secular tendential fall in profitability, not only in the imperialist countries but also in the dominated ones. We identify four channels through which surplus value flows to the imperialist countries: currency seigniorage; income flows from capital investments; unequal exchange through trade; and changes in exchange rates.

We pay particular attention to the theorisation and quantification of international UE and of exchange-rate movements. Concerning UE, we extend Marx’s transformation procedure to the international setting. We use two variables in the analysis of UE: the organic composition of capital and the rate of exploitation, and we measure which of these two variables is more important in contributing to UE transfers. We research a time span longer than in any previous study. We also introduce the distinction between narrow and broad unequal exchange according to whether two countries are assumed to trade only with each other or also with the rest of the world.

As for the analysis of the exchange rates as a channel for appropriation of international surplus value, we reject conventional approaches because they are rooted in equilibrium theory. We find very strong empirical evidence that exchange rates tend towards the point at which the productivities are equalised. This is only a tendency because this equalisation is inherently incompatible with the nature of imperialism.

Finally, given its topicality, we apply our analysis to the relation between the US and China and find that China is not an imperialist country according to our definition and data.
Augustine’s Cassiciacum Dialogues
Authors: Heffernan George
Published: December 2021

These four volumes present Michael Foley’s comprehensive new edition of Augustine’s four Cassiciacum Dialogues: Against the Academics, On the Happy Life, On Order, and Soliloquies. Foley’s novel approach is unitary as well as unique insofar as it presents fluent translations of all the dialogues and includes detailed annotations, extensive commentaries, and numerous cross references, all of which are motivated by the intention to make Augustine’s earliest writings available to scholars and accessible to students in a single set of four books. Distinguished by philosophical astuteness, pedagogical insightfulness, and philological judiciousness, the entire edition represents a significant advancement of the study of Augustine, especially of the thought of the relatively neglected and undervalued early Augustine. It has the potential to become the standard edition of Augustine’s Cassiciacum Dialogues in English.
A Pontic Ophir: A Proposed Emendation to Gregory of Nazianzus’s Epistle 4 on Basil’s Monastery
Authors: MacDougall Byron
Published: December 2021

Gregory of Nazianzus’s Ep. 4 to Basil features a hapax that has given pause to readers Byzantine and modern alike. A conjecture is proposed that restores sense to the passage and in such a way that it engages with Basil’s own letter.
What Are the Next Steps for the International Seabed Authority after the Invocation of the ‘Two-year Rule’?
Authors: Singh Pradeep A
Published: December 2021

In late June 2021, the Republic of Nauru invoked a legal provision known as the ‘two-year rule’ at the International Seabed Authority (ISA), which effectively obliges the Council of the ISA to complete the elaboration of the mineral exploitation regulations within the prescribed time of two years, that is, by 9 July 2023. This article provides an update on recent developments at the ISA since the invocation of the two-year rule, outlining six options that appear to be available to the ISA Council in response to the invocation of the rule.
The Identities of the Second Intermediate Period Dynasties in Egypt
Authors: Mahieu Bieke
Published: December 2021

The composition of and the relationship between the Second Intermediate Period dynasties are still unclear. The present study proposes that Egypt is united during the first half of Dynasty 13 but divided following Merneferra Ay. The Middle Kingdom wꜥrwt system is applied to this division: late Dynasty 13 rules the District of the South (centered at Itjtawy), Dynasty 15 rules the District of the North (centered at Avaris), and Dynasty 16 the District of the Head of the South (centered at Thebes). Dynasty 14 consists of a conglomeration of kinglets in the Delta contemporary with Dynasty 15. Dynasty 17 evolves from the Thinite subdistrict and takes over half of the territory of Dynasty 16, at the end of the reign of Nebiryrau I. The number of kings for each dynasty can be reconstructed on the basis of a combination of the data in Manetho and in the Turin King List.
Karl with Carl
Authors: Gerber Julien-François
Published: December 2021

This essay argues that bringing Marxist and Jungian thought together can be surprisingly fruitful. While both traditions are ultimately concerned with human flourishing, they focus on different aspects of reality which would need to be combined for genuine emancipation: the social and the individual, the conscious and the unconscious, objectivity and subjectivity, modernity and ancestrality, science and spirituality. After briefly discussing divergences and convergences between the two authors, I present fragments of a Jungian-Marxian anthropology, around the depth of social struggles, the relations between ideology and archetypes, the psychic costs of capitalism, and Degrowth as the possible political project of this synthesis. If one takes human and nonhuman flourishing seriously, one can only go post-capitalist and seek to reorganize society around a slower pace, a simpler life, and more sharing and caring. The essay ends with a plea to bring back the soul to the core of radical activism.
贛語梗攝陽聲韻字的讀音及其演變
Authors: 熊 燕
Published: December 2021

本文考察中古梗攝陽聲韻字在贛方言中的讀音，以地圖的形式展示讀音分佈情況，嘗試從梗攝陽聲韻字讀音差異探討贛語和周邊方言的關係。贛語梗攝陽聲韻字文讀音受官話的影響，部分方言替換為官話讀音，部分方言疊置多個文讀層次。白讀層讀音顯示福建建寧一帶青韻部分字有別於庚三清韻字，属于存古；湖北陽新、湖南安仁等地梗攝陽聲韻字則併入宕江攝，顯示與湘語有過共同發展。
早期天主教客家方言文獻的方言歸屬地問題
Authors: 莊 初昇 , 大島 廣美
Published: December 2021

摘 要：19世紀40年代末之後陸續進入中國客家地區傳教的天主教修會有法國巴黎外方傳教會和美國瑪利諾外方傳教會。巴黎外方傳教會於1850年到梅縣傳教，此後所編寫和出版的客家方言文獻主要有《客法詞典》（1901/1926）和《客家社會生活對話》（1937）；美國瑪利諾外方傳教會於1925年進入粵東嘉應地區傳教，隨後編寫和出版了《客話導論》（1926）和《客話讀本》（1948/1952）。此前學界有關《客法詞典》的研究成果較多，對上述其他文獻也有所涉獵，基本上都認為它們所記錄的客家方言屬於梅縣話。本文對上述文獻進一步進行梳理，並在田野調查的基礎上結合兩個修會的傳教歷史以及文獻作者的傳教經歷，對過往主流的“梅縣說”提出質疑，明確提出天主教客家方言文獻的語言特點具有一定的混雜性，但主體特徵與粵東平遠、蕉嶺一帶的客家方言更為接近的觀點。
Three new chrysophycean stomatocysts with long spines from the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea
Authors: SHADRINA SVETLANA N.
Published: December 2021

Three new morphotypes of chrysophycean stomatocysts with long spines are described following International Statospore Working Group (ISWG) guidelines and illustrated by SEM micrographs. Differences of our new morphotypes from known stomatocysts are discussed. Their biological affinity is currently unknown.
Notes on the typification of the name Clematis jinzhaiensis (Ranunculaceae)
Authors: DENG YUNFEI
Published: December 2021

N/A
Oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) from “Parco Naturale delle Alpi Marittime” (Piedmont, Italy)
Authors: SCHATZ HEINRICH , FORTINI LORENZO , FUSCO TOMMASO , CASALE FRANCESCA , JACOMINI CARLO , GIULIO ANDREA DI
Published: December 2021

Oribatid mites were investigated in six sites in the Alpi Marittime Natural Park (Prov. Cuneo, Piedmont, northern Italy) which is part of the NATURA 2000 network. The selected locations cover 4 forested (fir, ash, 2 beech forests) and 2 grassland sites (mountain meadow, xeric grassland). Altogether 173 described oribatid species belonging to 51 families were encountered, complemented by one undetermined species (Scheloribates (Topobates) cf. carpathicus), added together 174 species. Among them 11 species are new records for Italy. A comparison with other Italian alpine provinces shows high similarity of the oribatid species composition from the investigated sites with the provinces of Bolzano, Trento, Sondrio. A total of 37 species from the Marittime Alps has also been recorded in the southern part of the nearby Swiss canton Ticino. The majority of the species in the investigated sites are known as silvicolous; xerophilous species were mainly found in the xeric grassland site at lower altitude. High species similarities are observed between the forested sites, which also show high species numbers (up to 96 spp. found in the fir forest), lowest similarities are found between the open grassland sites and the forested sites, as well as between the grassland sites themselves.
Microphysics of Convective and Stratiform Precipitation during the Summer Monsoon Season over the Yangtze–Huaihe River Valley, China
Authors: Chen Fengjiao , Zheng Xiaoyi , Wen Huayang , Yuan Ye
Published: December 2021

Precipitation microphysics are critical for precipitation estimation and forecasting in numerical models. Using six years of observations from the Global Precipitation Measurement satellite, the spatial characteristics of precipitation microphysics are examined during the summer monsoon season over the Yangtze–Huaihe River valley. The results indicate that the heaviest convective rainfall is located mainly between the Huaihe and Yangtze Rivers, associated with a smaller mass-weighted mean diameter (Dm = ∼1.65 mm) and a larger mean generalized intercept parameter (Nw) (∼41 dBNw) at 2 km in altitude than those over the surrounding regions. Further, the convection in this region also has the lowest polarization-corrected temperature at 89 GHz (PCT89 < 254 K), indicating high concentrations of ice hydrometeors. For a given rainfall intensity, stratiform precipitation is characterized by a smaller mean Dm than convective precipitation. Below 4.5 km in altitude, the vertical slope of medium reflectivity factor varies with the rainfall intensity, which decreases slightly downward for light rain (<2.5 mm h−1), increases slightly for moderate rain (2.5–7.9 mm h−1), and increases more sharply for heavy rain (≥8 mm h−1) for both convective and stratiform precipitation. The increase in the amplitude of heavy rain for stratiform precipitation is much higher than that for convective precipitation, probably due to more efficient growth by warm rain processes. The PCT89 values have a greater potential to inform the near-surface microphysical parameters in convective precipitation compared with stratiform precipitation.
Communicating Heat-Health Information to the Public: Assessing Municipal Government Extreme Heat Event Website Content
Authors: Zottarelli Lisa K. , Blake Starla A. , Garza Michelle T.
Published: December 2021

Extreme heat events pose a threat to human health. Forecasting and warning strategies have been developed to mitigate heat-health hazards. Yet, studies have found that the public lacks knowledge about their heat-health risks and preventive actions to take to reduce risks. Local governmental websites are an important means to communicate preparedness to the public. The purpose of this study is to examine information provided to the public on municipal government web pages of the 10 most populous U.S. cities. A two-level document and content analyses were conducted. A direct content analysis was conducted using federal government websites and documents to create the Extreme Heat Event Public Response Rubric. The rubric contains two broad categories of populations and actions that are further specified. The rubric was then used to examine local government extreme heat event websites for the 10 most populous cities in the United States. The examination of the local government sites found that information included on the websites failed to identify the breadth of populations at greater risk for adverse heat-health outcomes and omitted some recommended actions designed to prevent adverse heat-health events. Local governments often communicated concrete and simple content to the public but more complex information was not included on their websites.

Significance Statement

Extreme heat is the leading weather-related cause of mortality in the United States annually. Public response to extreme heat events requires that the public understand their risk and know the actions to take to mitigate that risk. The public seeks information from local government websites. Our results found that many local government websites did not provide the information to the public on the array of conditions and factors that put people at a greater risk for an adverse heat-health event, nor did the websites include information on the variety of actions that the public should take in response to an extreme heat event in order to reduce their risks. Addressing the omission of the information on these websites may improve public response to extreme heat events.
Conspicuous Mobility: The Status Dimensions of the Global Passport Hierarchy
Authors: Harpaz Yossi
Published: December 2021

The world’s passports are not equal. Travelers from rich countries enjoy extensive travel freedom across the globe, whereas citizens of less developed nations are subject to stringent visa controls. This article examines this global hierarchy from a social cognition perspective, highlighting the status competition around international travel. It analyzes interviews with ninety-eight persons in Serbia and Israel who have acquired a second passport from a European Union country. The interviews illustrate how a social cognition perspective can shed new light on international mobility and global inequality: the analysis suggests that passengers continuously monitored how they and others were treated by border control authorities, perceiving different treatment as indicative of status. Respondents experienced shame when the treatment they received fell short of their expected standards and felt pleasure and pride when treated better than comparable others. Respondents tended to compare their travel freedom to that enjoyed by citizens of nations that they perceived as culturally similar.
Many Rivers to Cross: Social Identity, Cognition, and Labor Mobility in Rural India
Authors: Michiels Sébastien , Nordman Christophe Jalil , Seetahul Suneha
Published: December 2021

This study analyzes whether individual skills and personality traits facilitate labor market mobility of disadvantaged groups and rural migrants. We use a panel dataset of individuals in rural South India to explore the relationship between individual cognitive skills, personality traits, and income mobility. We take advantage of intragroup heterogeneity in terms of cognitive skills and personality traits to examine whether these personal characteristics enable individuals to overcome rigid social structures, exploring the role of these skills and traits in migrants’ income mobility. We show that despite strong rigidity in the area’s labor market structure, personality traits are important determinants of labor mobility, enabling individuals to overcome caste and gender discrimination, but that these personality traits do not contribute to increases in migrants’ income mobility.
North American Attitudes toward Immigrants and Immigration in the Time of COVID-19: The Role of National Attachment and Threat
Authors: Esses Victoria M. , Sutter Alina , Bouchard Joanie , Choi Kate H. , Denice Patrick
Published: December 2021

Using a cross-national representative survey conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, we examine predictors of attitudes toward immigrants and immigration in Canada and the United States, including general and COVID-related nationalism, patriotism, and perceived personal and national economic and health threats. In both countries, nationalism, particularly COVID-related nationalism, predicted perceptions that immigration levels were too high and negative attitudes toward immigrants. Patriotism predicted negative immigration attitudes in the United States but not in Canada, where support for immigration and multiculturalism are part of national identity. Conversely, personal and national economic threat predicted negative immigration attitudes in Canada more than in the United States. In both countries, national health threat predicted more favorable views of immigration levels and attitudes toward immigrants, perhaps because many immigrants have provided frontline health care during the pandemic. Country-level cognition in context drives immigration attitudes and informs strategies for supporting more positive views of immigrants and immigration.
Forecasting under Uncertainty: How Network Composition Shapes Future-Oriented Cognition
Authors: Vari-Lavoisier Ilka
Published: December 2021

Future migration is central to contemporary politics, but we know little of how citizens and policy-makers perceive and predict migratory trends. I analyze migration forecasting in a representative sample of the population of France, using survey data and administrative records to document differences in the accuracy of forecasting among groups of individuals. The article takes an interdisciplinary approach to future-oriented thinking, conceiving it as a distributed cognitive process, and showing that educational attainment and migratory background shape one’s ability to predict short-term trends. My analysis stresses the importance of accounting for sociodemographic characteristics and social networks in forecasting: I show that social diversity can improve predictions and extend studies based on the Delphi methodology by discussing the relevant expertise to forecast in different realms.
Place Attachment and Disaster Preparedness: Examining the Role of Place Scale and Preparedness Type
Authors: Wallis Amanda , Fischer Ronald , Abrahamse Wokje
Published: December 2021

Research shows that place attachment is associated with disaster preparedness. In two studies we examined (1) participants’ place attachment at different spatial scales, (2) participants’ preparedness (intentions and behaviors), and (3) place attachment as a mediator of previously identified demographic predictors of preparedness. Our findings show that place attachment is associated with both preparedness intentions and behavior. When controlling for socio-demographic predictors, participants who reported stronger house and neighborhood attachment also reported stronger intentions to prepare (Study 1). In Study 2, house attachment was associated with mitigative preparedness behavior, whereas neighborhood attachment was associated with community preparedness behavior. House and neighborhood attachment mediated the relationship between home ownership, length of residence, and preparedness. These findings suggest that place attachment varies by spatial scale which matters for different types of disaster preparedness. House and neighborhood attachment should be considered as relevant predictors of mitigative and community preparedness in at-risk communities.
Addressing the Gap Areas Crucial for Survival by Focusing on the Key Growth Determinants of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in India: A Critical Analysis Pertaining to Textile Sector MSMEs
Authors: Gautam Nidhi
Published: December 2021

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are crucial for the overall development of the country. Realising the same, there are various policy support measures introduced by the government. This paper attempts to study the gaps in the present policies available for the MSMEs with respect to the textile sector MSMEs. Through a systematic approach, based on secondary literature and stakeholder engagement, the study attempts to come up with a decision matrix based on the identified key growth determinants of MSMEs. A questionnaire was developed for collecting the responses from expert stakeholders to rank the identified list of determinants influencing the growth of MSMEs. A mix of top-down and bottom-up methodology has been adopted to identify the key determinants of MSMEs having the major influence on the sector’s growth. It was found that the top 10 determinants influencing the growth of MSMEs are profitability, quality of product, entrepreneurial behaviour, legal structure, product differentiation strategy, new/improved products produced, industry friendly policies, employee sensitiveness, ability to fund enterprise growth from profits generated. It is argued that in order to make MSMEs sustainable, policymakers should take a targeted approach focusing on these key growth determinants so as to create a conducive ecosystem for MSMEs.

JEL Codes: O100, L210, L250
Racial Differences in Time at Work Not Working
Authors: Darity William A. , Hamilton Darrick , Myers Samuel L. , Price Gregory N. , Xu Man
Published: December 2021

Racial differences in effort at work, if they exist, can potentially explain race-based wage/earnings disparities in the labor market. The authors estimate specifications of time spent on non-work activities at work by Black and White males and females with data from the American Time Use Survey. Estimates reveal that trivially small differences occur between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White males in time spent not working while on the job that disappear entirely when correcting for non-response errors. The findings imply that Black–White male differences in the fraction of the workday spent not working are either not large enough to partially explain the Black–White wage gap, or simply do not exist at all.
Conceptualizing talent in public sector municipalities
Authors: Tyskbo Daniel
Published: December 2021

While talent management is considered a top priority among practitioners and constitutes a major research area, the actual meaning of talent still remains largely undefined. In response to a lack of clarity and empirical basis regarding the notion of talent, various calls have been made for exploring how organizations conceptualize talent, particularly in the public sector context. This article answers these calls by adopting a qualitative in-depth case study to explore how senior Human Resources (HR) managers in public sector municipalities conceptualize talent in practice. The findings illustrate how HR managers use a variety of conceptualizations of talent. We analyze and theorize this variation and the ways of conceptualizing talent using two conceptualization categories: non-contextual conceptualizations, which are general and related to official practices (i.e. talent as future leaders and talent as a general commitment and drive forward), and contextual conceptualizations, which are specific and related to informal assumptions (i.e. talent as Trojans and specialists, talent as individual agility, and talent as public service awareness).

Points for practitioners

Human Resources (HR) managers use a variety of conceptualizations of talent in practice. Two conceptualization categories – that is, “non-contextual” (general and related to official practices) and “contextual” (specific and related to informal assumptions) – help us understand this variation and the ways of conceptualizing talent. HR managers are only partly shaped by the particularities of the public sector context, and some of the talent philosophies held by HR managers do not align with the existing and official talent management practices.
The Expulsion of Academic Teaching Staff from German Universities, 1933–45
Authors: Grüttner Michael
Published: December 2021

In spring 1933, a political purge began in German universities, affecting around one fifth of their academic staff. This study examines the various stages of this process, uses new data to create a collective portrait of those dismissed and asks why they received so little support from their unscathed colleagues. An analysis of the reasons for their dismissal shows that approximately 80% were driven out on antisemitic grounds, even though less than a third belonged to the Jewish community. Their lives after their dismissal varied greatly. Whereas some managed to pursue highly successful careers while in emigration, others were murdered by the Nazis or committed suicide. At the same time the purge policy improved the career chances of younger academics and it is no coincidence that it was from their ranks that the largest number of supporters of the Nazi regime were recruited. Not until the second half of the war did leading German politicians and academic leaders recognise a further effect of this policy, namely that the emigration of numerous influential scholars had provided the Allies with a ‘considerable gain in potential’, including in highly significant military research.