bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modifiable Lifestyle Factors for Primary Prevention of CKD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kelly Jaimon T. , Su Guobin , Zhang La , Qin Xindong , Marshall Skye , González-Ortiz Ailema , Clase Catherine M. , Campbell Katrina L. , Xu Hong , Carrero Juan-Jesus
Published: August 2020

Significance Statement

Although CKD incidence is increasing, no evidence-based lifestyle recommendations for CKD primary prevention apparently exist. To evaluate evidence associating modifiable lifestyle factors and incidence of CKD, the authors undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis. Their analysis, which included 104 observational studies of 2,755,719 participants, demonstrated consistency of evidence for a number of measures associated with preventing CKD onset, including increasing dietary intake of vegetables and potassium (21% reduced odds and 22% reduced odds, respectively), increasing physical activity levels (18% reduced odds), moderating alcohol consumption (15% reduced risk), lowering sodium intake (21% increased odds), and stopping tobacco smoking (18% increased risk). In the absence of clinical trial evidence, these findings can help inform public health recommendations and patient-centered discussions in clinical practice about lifestyle measures to prevent CKD.

Background

Despite increasing incidence of CKD, no evidence-based lifestyle recommendations for CKD primary prevention apparently exist.

Methods

To evaluate the consistency of evidence associating modifiable lifestyle factors and CKD incidence, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and references from eligible studies from database inception through June 2019. We included cohort studies of adults without CKD at baseline that reported lifestyle exposures (diet, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and tobacco smoking). The primary outcome was incident CKD (eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2). Secondary outcomes included other CKD surrogate measures (RRT, GFR decline, and albuminuria).

Results

We identified 104 studies of 2,755,719 participants with generally a low risk of bias. Higher dietary potassium intake associated with significantly decreased odds of CKD (odds ratio [OR], 0.78; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.65 to 0.94), as did higher vegetable intake (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.90); higher salt intake associated with significantly increased odds of CKD (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.38). Being physically active versus sedentary associated with lower odds of CKD (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.98). Current and former smokers had significantly increased odds of CKD compared with never smokers (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.27). Compared with no consumption, moderate consumption of alcohol associated with reduced risk of CKD (relative risk, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.79 to 0.93). These associations were consistent, but evidence was predominantly of low to very low certainty. Results for secondary outcomes were consistent with the primary finding.

Conclusions

These findings identify modifiable lifestyle factors that consistently predict the incidence of CKD in the community and may inform both public health recommendations and clinical practice.
Produção de vídeos no Ensino de Bioquímica e Química Orgânica
Authors: Rosado Vagner Fortes , Felcher Carla Ott , Salgueiro Andréia Fernandes , Folmer Vanderlei
Published: August 2020

As Tecnologias Digitais estão cada vez mais presentes no ambiente escolar. Utilizar essas tecnologias como aliadas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem pode ser uma estratégia para aumentar o interesse e a adesão dos estudantes para o estudo da química. A presente proposta pedagógica tem como objetivo apresentar a produção de vídeos como uma ferramenta para o ensino de Química Orgânica e Bioquímica na escola. Participaram da atividade trinta e dois estudantes do terceiro ano do ensino médio de uma escola pública. A proposta consistiu na leitura do livro "Os Botões de Napoleão: As 17 Moléculas que Mudaram a História". Após a leitura do livro, os estudantes foram divididos em grupos e os capítulos foram distribuídos para confecção de roteiros e produção de vídeos, ambos os processos mediados pelo docente. Os vídeos produzidos foram então socializados na página da turma no Facebook. Do total de vídeos criados, produções que abordaram corantes, nicotina, morfina, cafeína e compostos cloro carbônicos foram selecionadas para discussão em sala de aula. Estes vídeos foram escolhidos por tratarem de moléculas de interesse dos estudantes e ter relação direta com o conteúdo que estava sendo trabalhado no momento. A atividade relatada foi avaliada pelos estudantes como positiva e inovadora. Além disso, a produção de vídeos pode ser uma importante ferramenta com potencial para ser utilizada em outros contextos no ensino de Química Orgânica e Bioquímica.
Fabrication and characterization of a pixel pressure detector using 3-D printable materials or classical PCB materials v2
Authors: Sanchez German , Ávila Alba , Perez Carlos , Pérez Jaime
Published: August 2020

This protocol presents the fabrication process for a piezoelectric ( 3D printed or PCB) pixel pressure sensor using commercially available materials.
Mmolecular COVID-19 Extraction-Free Direct-One-Step Fast Cycling Protocol v1
Authors: not provided steve.puts
Published: August 2020

The Direct One-Step RT-qPCR COVID-19 Test Kit is designed for quantitative real-time analysis of target RNA directly from, swabs without the requirement of any prior RNA purification steps. Shipping: shipped on blue ice Storage Conditions: store at -20 °C Additional Storage Conditions: avoid freeze/thaw cycles stable at 4 °C for up to 4 weeks Shelf Life: 12 months Form: liquid / lyophilized
TRANSLATION METHODS IN POLITICAL SPEECHES: A CASE STUDY OF ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF PRESIDENT JOKO WIDODO’S INAUGURAL ADDRESS
Authors: Pamungkas Muhammad Ersan
Published: August 2020

Translating political speeches poses its own challenges and difficulties, with one of the reasons being the fact that political speeches have their own unique features. Translation of political speech is also arguably still underresearched in translation studies. It is for this reason that this paper seeks to investigate translation method(s) that can be used to translate political speeches. The data source of this paper is the English translation
of an inaugural address of President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo produced by a professional Australian translator. The speech was translated from Indonesian as the source language (SL) to English as the target language (TL). Appropriate translation methods are obviously needed to produce a higher quality political speech translation. This research applies the concept of translation methods proposed by Newmark (1988). This is a qualitative research with a comparative conceptual method. Results show that the
translation methods adopted when translating the inaugural address are semantic and communicative translation methods. Semantic translation method is the most dominant one, followed by communicative translation method. Semantic translation method was used to translate the body part of the speech, while communicative translation method was used to translate the opening part and the closing part of the speech. These two
methods are considered appropriate for translating this political speech.
NEEDS ANALYSIS IN DEVELOPING “ENGLISH FOR TOUR GUIDES” MATERIALS FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KEPULAUAN SERIBU, INDONESIA
Authors: Araminta Lavinia D. W. , Halimi Sisilia S.
Published: August 2020

Kepulauan Seribu is one of the fastest growing tourism regions in Indonesia, but its growth can be hindered by the lack of English skills of local tour guides. In response to this, a workshop entitled “English for Tour Guides” was conducted for high school students on Pramuka Island, and in-house materials were developed. To determine how the materials
were to be designed, a needs analysis using a three-question open-ended questionnaire was carried out in order to identify the students’ views on local tourism, motivation to join the workshop, and aspirations after graduation. The results show that the students considered developing local tourism and improving their English skills, either for achieving
future personal purposes or interacting with foreign visitors, important. Furthermore, this study also found that their motivation had both integrative and instrumental orientations. Based on the needs analysis, a set of principles informed by the literature on language teaching and learning was chosen, and it directed the pedagogical tasks selected as part
of the materials.
Socio-Spatial Segregation and the Spatial Structure of ‘Ordinary’ Activities in the Global South
Authors: Unceta Pablo Muñoz , Hausleitner Birgit , Dąbrowski Marcin
Published: August 2020

Planning practice in the Global South often defines a border between formal and informal developments ignoring the complex and nuanced reality of urban practices and, consequently, worsening segregation. This article proposes an alternative view of socio-spatial segregation that shifts the distinction between formal/informal towards one that emphasises access to opportunities and their relationship with the spatial structure of the city. Under this alternative framework, applied to the case of the Valle Amauta neighbourhood in Lima, Peru, we reflect on how socio-economic activities, shaped by spatial conditions and social practices, increase or reduce socio-spatial segregation. Our findings suggest that a shift towards strategies aimed at increasing accessibility to centrality, provided by the density of social and economic activities, could offer new opportunities for planning practice and theory in the Global South.
“They Sold Us Illusions”: Informality, Redevelopment, and the Politics of Limpieza in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Vasudevan Raksha , Sletto Bjørn
Published: August 2020

In the capital city of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, climate change and environmental concerns are used to justify massive redevelopment projects in informal settlements located along the rivers Ozama and Isabela. Residents in such river communities negotiate the uncertainty of state planning under a new socio-environmentalism that prioritizes the environment over social concerns, while continuing to pursue bottom-up neighborhood planning despite the powerful rationality of limpieza (cleanliness), the pervasive techniques of responsibilization, and the celebratory spectacles of megaprojects. The uncertainty resulting from governance under socio-environmentalism produces ambivalence towards environmentcentered projects among residents. Drawing on oral histories and interviews with long-time community members, we suggest that residents engage in three ‘sensemaking strategies’ to process their ambivalence in the face of daily precarity, in particular the ongoing threat of evictions. Residents ‘keep up’ with the state and strategically utilize planning language to advocate for community priorities. They engage in practices of storytelling that reproduce a deep sense of community and provide a longer historical understanding of planning interventions. Finally, through verbal speculation and other ‘unsanctioned speech acts’ they analyze disruptions caused by socio-environmentalism, build solidarity with other communities, and think ahead despite uncertainty.
Hatalmi játszma a falakon - avagy az utcai művészet 'alkímiája'
Authors: Jóvér Vanda
Published: August 2020

Az utcai művészet fél évszázadra visszatekintő története során a kezdeti deviáns megbélyegzéstől napjainkra a „kapós” városok elengedhetetlen kellékévé vált. A street art a graffitivel az 1970-es évek New Yorkjából indult útnak, majd lett a világ számos nagyvárosában a tudatos tértermelő gyakorlat hatékony eszköze. E tendenciák eredményeként került az utcai művészet vizsgálata egyes tudományterületek – például városkutatás, kulturális tanulmányok, művészettörténet, szociológia, pszichológia, kriminológia, valamint a kritikai megközelítésű földrajztudomány – területi vizsgálatainak spektrumába. Noha a téma hazánkban egyelőre kevéssé kutatott, a nemzetközi folyóiratok hasábjain számos street arttal foglalkozó tanulmány jelent meg az ezredfordulót követően, s részben már előtte is.

Az eltérő nézőpontokból közelítő vizsgálatok zöme az utcai művészetet – mindenekelőtt Henri Lefebvre, Edward Soja és David Harvey munkássága nyomán – a városi tér termelését, észlelését és használatát leíró társadalomelméletek kontextusába illeszti. Az utcai művészetet a („kreatív”) városi ellenállás egy formájának tartó vélekedések teljesség igénye nélküli felsorakoztatását követően célom, hogy a nemzetközi szakirodalom alapján árnyaltabb képet nyújtsak a kezdetektől kriminalizált graffiti tevékenységéről. Nem vitatom azt az általános vélekedést, miszerint nem minden esetben beszélhetünk átgondolt tiltakozásról. A továbbiakban szemléltetem, hogy miként vált a „jó” street art a tudatos hatalmi térformálás jövedelmező eszközeinek egyikévé, majd kitérek az utcai művészet azon formáira, melyek mindmáig hűek maradtak a tevékenység ellenálláshoz kötődő gyökereihez.
Felvidéki magyar anyanyelvű egyetemi hallgatók oktatási célú migrációja: motivációs felmérés.
Authors: Krankovits Melinda
Published: August 2020

A tanulmány a szlovák-magyar felsőoktatási kapcsolatokat, azon belül a szlovák állampolgárságú, magyar nemzetiségű diákok magyarországi felsőoktatásban való részvételét elemzi, és bemutatja részletesen a határ menti oktatási, képzési kínálatot, különös tekintettel a magyar nyelven oktató határ menti egyetemekre. A tanulmány arra keresi a választ, hogy melyek azok a tényezők, amelyek hatással vannak az oktatás határon átnyúló használatára, kiemelten a felvidéki magyar diákok magyarországi felsőoktatásban való részvételére és az intézmények kapcsolatrendszerére.

A tanulmány a Széchenyi István Egyetemen történt kérdőíves adatgyűjtés alapján részletesen elemzi a felvidéki magyar diákok választási preferenciáit. A tanulmány első felében foglalkozom a hazai oktatás külföldi diákokra vonatkozó jogszabályi hátterével, az oktatási célú migráció (ezen belül a fokozatszerzési célú migráció) fogalmával határ menti vonatkozásban, amelynek meghatározó tényezője az anyanyelven történő oktatás választása. A tanulmány kitér a magyar nyelven is oktató szlovákiai egyetemek oktatási kínálatának bemutatására is, amely alternatívája lehet(ne) a szomszédos országok magyar nyelvű képzést nyújtó egyetemeinek. A tanulmány második része tartalmazza a kvantitatív felmérés eredményeit.

A kutatás bizonyította, hogy a Széchenyi Egyetem vonzáskörzete − a határon átnyúlva − Szlovákia felé is jelentős, főként a kisvárosi, vidéki települések középosztálybeli, magyar anyanyelvű, magyar iskolába járó diákjai jönnek az egyetemre. Választásaikkal kapcsolódnak a regionális munkaerőpiachoz, győri tartózkodásukkal munkahelyeket teremtenek, és a helyi fogyasztást is növelik, hiszen itt költik el a jövedelmük nagy részét. Kutatásunk nem csak azt igazolta, hogy a Széchenyi István Egyetem beágyazódik a Nyugat- dunántúli régióba, de azt is, hogy végzett hallgatóinak jelentős része e térség munkaerőpiacán akar majd megjelenni.
A bizalom kultúrájának próbatétele : A fizikai és lelki egészség továbbá a társas kapcsolatok és a szubjektív anyagi helyzet összefüggései a bizalommal járványidőszakban
Authors: Grünhut Zoltán , Bodor Ákos
Published: August 2020

A tanulmány kiindulópontja az, hogy a koronavírus miatti járvány fokozottan érinthették azokat, akik már a krízisperiódus előtt is fizikai/lelki egészségi problémákkal küzdöttek, társas kapcsolataikat tekintve elszigeteltek voltak, és/vagy az anyagi lehetőségeik tükrében megélhetési nehézségekkel birkóztak. Az ezen élethelyzetetekben lévők okkal tekinthetők veszélyeztetetteknek, különösen egy olyan járványidőszakban, amely az említett nehézségeket fokozza. Evidencia, hogy ezen élethelyzetek megterhelőek az egyének számára, miként az is könnyen belátható: a nevezett problémákkal küzdők társadalmi szintű aránya hatással van az adott ország kilátásaira. Ez az egyéni és társadalmi hatás természetesen értelmezhető közvetlenül, de megragadható úgy is, mint ami befolyásolja az egyén bizalmát, társadalmi szinten a bizalom kultúráját.

Kézenfekvő annak a magyarázata, hogy miért a bizalmat kívánja a nevezett problémákkal összefüggésbe hozni a tanulmány: a fizikai és lelki egészség, a társas kapcsolatok, illetve az anyagi boldogulás terén mutatkozó egyéni nehézségek káros hatással vannak a társadalmi együttélés szövetére, holott éppen igényelnék azt, mint a segítő támogatás alapját. Ezen elméleti feltételezést teszi megragadhatóvá a bizalom, egész pontosan Sztompka érvelése a bizalom kultúrájáról, amely koncepciót felhasználva empirikusan is vizsgálható kérdéseket kapunk. A tanulmányban közölt eredmények megerősítik, hogy a nevezett kedvezőtlen élethelyzetek valóban aláássák az egyén bizalmát, miközben az is világosan kiderül: azon társadalmakban, ahol magas az ilyesféle problémáktól érintettek aránya, ott alacsonyabb a bizalom szintje.

Noha az elméleti összefüggések igazolására használt adatok még a járvány előtti időszakból valók, ám a tanulmány okfejtése alapján bizonyosan állíthatjuk: ha közben növekedett a veszélyeztetettek száma, e tendencia mindenképpen káros hatással van az egyén bizalmán túl a megfelelő társadalmi működéshez szükséges bizalom kultúrájára is.
Colorectal cancer epidemiology: world trends and incidence of colon cancer in the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2012–2017
Authors: Navruzov S. N. , Alieva D. A. , Kulmiev E. E.
Published: August 2020

Objective: epidemiological evaluation of global trends in colorectal cancer and assessment of colon cancer incidence in the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2012–2017.

Materials and methods. We used GLOBOCAN data to analyze the situation with colorectal cancer worldwide. We also assessed the incidence of colon cancer, trends, and mean age of patients (by years) registered in the Republic of Uzbekistan. This article emphasizes the need for epidemiological studies of colorectal cancer in Uzbekistan.

Results. World trends in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality indicate that these parameters vary across different regions and depend on the economic situation. There are also some sex differences: men are more likely to develop colorectal cancer than women (male to female ratio 1.25:1.0). The number of patient died of colorectal cancer is growing; the male to female ratio is 1.22:1.0.

Conclusions. Our assessment of epidemiological situation of colon cancer in the Republic of Uzbekistan demonstrated that its incidence tends to increase, which necessitates further research evaluating regional differences and risk factors for colorectal cancer.
“ESSAYS ON THE HISTORY OF HYDROCHEMISTRY IN UKRAINE” (2020) – THE FIRST MONOGRAPH ON THE HISTORY OF HYDROCHEMICAL STUDIES IN UKRAINE
Authors: Zabokrytska M.R.
Published: August 2020

The article analyzes the monograph Essays on the History of Hydrochemistry in Ukraine (author Valentyn Khilchevskyi – professor at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv), published in 2020.This is the first such monographic study. The monograph is devoted to the history of hydrochemical studies of surface waters in Ukraine. In the introductory part, an excursion on this issue was carried out in the XVIII-XIX centuries. The first part of the book is devoted to a review of hydrochemical studies of surface waters and their quality, which were carried out by Ukrainian scientists of the institutes of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, industry institutions and institutions of higher education (1920-2020). As the author of the monograph notes, today scientific hydrochemical schools have been preserved at the Institute of Hydrobiology of the NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv), the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and the NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv). They are engaged in hydrochemistry at the Ukrainian Institute of Environmental Problems (Kharkov). Among the higher educational institutions, it is worth noting the scientific hydrochemical school of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, which has a prominent place in the development of the educational and methodological base, the creation of the first basic textbooks on hydrochemistry in Ukraine. They deal with individual issues of hydrochemistry at Odessa State Ecological University, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Yuriy Fedkovich Chernivtsi National University, Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University (Lutsk), National University of Water Management and Nature Management (Rivne).
The second part describes the formation and history of the scientific hydrochemical school of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (1970-2020), to which the author himself belongs.
The information and facts presented in the monograph will be of extreme value from the standpoint of studying the history of hydrochemistry by young scientists, since today there is a reform in science and education, new concepts and terms are being introduced. For example, the nomenclature of the names of specialties is changing. So, the recruitment of graduate students of hydrologists-hydrochemists since 2016 is already carried out in specialty 103 “Earth Sciences” to the educational and scientific program “Hydrology”. And from 2021, it is planned to completely switch to a new form of defense of dissertations (in particular, the degree of candidate of sciences will be replaced by the degree of Doctor of Philosophy).
The book will be useful to scientists and practitioners dealing with issues of hydrochemistry and water quality, teachers and students studying hydrochemical and hydroecological disciplines.
MODERN HYDROGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PONDS IN UKRAINE – REGIONAL AND BASIN ASPECTS
Authors: Khilchevskyi V.K. , Greben V.V.
Published: August 2020

The aim of the study described in the article is to establish the total number of ponds in Ukraine and to analyze the territorial patterns of their distribution in administrative areas, as well as in river basin areas (Dnieper, Dniester, Danube, Southern Bug, Don, Vistula, Crimea rivers, rivers of the Black Sea and rivers of the Azov region), as the main hydrographic units of water management. For the study, cadastral information was used on the ponds of the regional offices of the State Agency for Water Resources of Ukraine as of 2019. It was established that out of the total number of 50793 ponds in Ukraine, many ponds are located in Vinnitsa (10.5%), Dnepropetrovsk (6.5%) and Kiev (6.3%) regions. In river basin districts – 48.5% of ponds are concentrated in the river basin. Dnieper; 19.6% – in the area of the river basin Southern Bug). According to our research, the vast majority of ponds in Ukraine are very small (up to 2 ha) and small (from 2 to 10 ha) by water surface area. In certain regions of the country, their total share is from 75.1 to 92.6% of the total number of ponds. The proportion of medium-sized ponds (with an area of 10–25 ha) varies from 6.2 to 16.2% in certain regions. Large (with an area of 25-50 ha) and very large ponds (over 50 ha) account for a total of 1.7 to 8.4% of the total number of ponds in certain regions. By the volume of accumulated water, the vast majority of ponds in Ukraine are very small (up to 10 thousand m3) and small (10 to 50 thousand m3). The total share of these two categories ranges from 41.9 – 56.1% in the southern regions to 53.1 – 73.2% – in the northern. The share of ponds average in volume (from 50 to 200 thousand m3) in individual regions ranges from 19.1 to 39.2%. From 7.3 – 11.6% in the northern regions to 12.2 – 20.2% – in the southern regions the total proportion of large (volume from 200 to 500 thousand M3) and very large (from 500 thousand m3 in 1,0 million m3) ponds. As of 01.01. 2019 in Ukraine 71.7% were owned by territorial communities, 28% were leased out. Most ponds for rent in the Transcarpathian region – 100%. In Rivne region, 55% of ponds are leased, 54% in Cherkasy, and 50% in Volyn. Least of all – in Kherson (2%) and Chernihiv (7%) regions. In order to identify the real state of ponds (both quantitative and qualitative), their recreational role, environmental impact and regulation of the hydrographic network in Ukraine, it is necessary to increase attention to comprehensive monitoring of ponds.
MAIN ASPECTS OF THE MORPHOMETRY AND HYDROCHEMISTRY OF SHATSK LAKES
Authors: Khilchevskyi V.K. , Zabokrytska M.R.
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the study was to identify the modern morphometric characteristics of Shatsk Lakes (Volyn Polissya, Ukraine), to implement their typology according to the area of the water mirror and average depths, to establish the type of water by salinity. For research, materials from the Shatsk National Nature Park, literary and archival sources, and the results of our own research were used. The typification of Shatsky Lakes was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Water Framework Directive of the European Union (EU WFD) according to the methodology adopted in Ukraine for the determination of surface and groundwater masses. The following parameters of the lakes were studied: the area of the water mirror; average depth; height location; type of geological formations occurring in a given area. There are 28 lakes on the territory of Shatsk Lakes District (the list is given in the article) with a total area of about 61.31 km2 and a water mass of 312.8 million m3. The area of the lakes ranges from 0.01 km2 to 26.21 km2. There are 23 lakes within the territory of the Shatsk National Natural Park. In addition to the well-known large and medium-sized lakes, which attract recreants most of all, very small dystrophic water bodies with an area of 0.01-0.18 km2 (15 lakes) stand out. Over the past 80 years, their parameters have decreased by 2 times (shallowing, overgrowing). Such lakes are at the extinction stage, which requires the use of technical means to restore and maintain their stability. The share of such lakes is 50% (for example, Piyavochne, Ozertse, Navrattya, Krugle, Dovge, Gerasymove, Klymivske, Male Pischanske, etc.). They have already lost their natural state. Such lakes are at the extinction stage, which requires the use of technical means to restore and maintain their stability. They have already lost their natural state.The Shatsk lakes were typified by the water mirror area in accordance with the requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive and showed that there are 2 large lakes (Svityaz and Pulemetskoye). The share of lake types is as follows: large – 7%; medium – 22%; small – 18%; very small – 53%. According to the typology of the EU WFD, according to the average depth, only two types of lakes are distinguished in the Shatsky group: medium depth – 14%; small – 86% of the lakes. There are no deep lakes. According to the main ions, the water of the lakes is bicarbonate-calcium with mineralization in the range from 116 mg/dm3 (Pisochne) to 305 mg/dm3 (Velyke Chorne). In the water of Lake Svityaz mineralization takes an intermediate position – 198.8 mg/dm3.
Learning from the Role of Art in Political Advocacy on HIV/AIDS
Authors: Hoffman Steven J. , Hou Annemarie , Jones Annie , Woo Julia
Published: August 2020

This essay uses a mixed-methods approach combining scoping review, thematic qualitative analysis, and case study methodologies to identify relationships between art and political advocacy in the context of the AIDS epidemic. Thirty-four relevant articles were found through a comprehensive literature search focused on social scientific analyses. Three key themes were identified: addressing negative stereotypes; the importance of education; and giving voice to individuals affected by HIV. The significance of iconic artist Keith Haring and two important artworks related to HIV advocacy—the Keiskamma Altarpiece and the Ribbon Project—are discussed, with lessons distilled for the role that art can play in political advocacy on global health issues more broadly.
Reflecting on the Genesis and Realization of Design for a Dissemunization Station
Authors: Mahon Patrick , Hou Annemarie
Published: August 2020

Design for a Dissemunization Station (D4DS) is a collaboration between Annemarie Hou, Executive Director a.i. of the United Nations Office for Partnerships and was then a UNAIDS building-based executive and advocacy expert interested in ideas and problems surrounding accessibility and vaccines, and Patrick Mahon, a university-based artist and curator. An installation consisting of two tent structures, D4DS included listening stations and provided ambient sounds suggestive of a vaccine moving through the body. The hybrid term “dissemunization” was used to reveal ideas concerning distribution of vaccines and related information. Hou and Mahon reflect on the project and assess its success with respect to aspects of collaboration.
Upstream the Cold Chain
Authors: Alvaer Jesper
Published: August 2020

Upstream the Cold Chain is a film and an installation of objects produced in the process of producing the film. It is also an experiment in improving access to vaccines and creating hospitable artistic interventions in public health contexts across borders. Presented in the context of , Upstream the Cold Chain was first shown in Trondheim, Norway, as part of the 2017 GLOBVAC conference on global health and then later at UNAIDS on the occasion of the World Health Organization’s 70th World Health Assembly in Geneva, Switzerland.
Overview of Key Legal, Political, and Social Challenges Facing Global Vaccination Efforts
Authors: Sahar Nicola , Lee Olivia , Hoffman Steven J. , Sritharan Lathika
Published: August 2020

Despite the proven safety and effectiveness of vaccines, they are not utilized as widely as they should be. This article provides a high-level overview of five key challenges affecting the global vaccine uptake. First, availability is affected by the research costs and counterfeit vaccines. Second, accessibility is affected by distribution not being proportionate to need, and by poor infrastructure. Third, affordability is affected by intellectual property protections and costs of manufacturing and distribution. Fourth, appropriateness is affected by the way vaccine effectiveness varies and presents risks for immunocompromised populations. Fifth, acceptability is affected by controversies regarding risks and cultural objections.
Constitutional Reform 2020 in Russia (Selected Issues)
Authors: Komarova V. V.
Published: August 2020

On the basis of the analysis of Law of the Russian Federation on Amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation as of March 14, 2020, No 1-FKZ “On improvement of regulation of certain issues of organization and functioning of public power,” legislation, acts and legal standings of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, as well as the practice of transforming the Constitution of Russia, and Presidential directives, the author investigates some issues concerning the Constitutional Reform 2020 initiated by the Head of the State. The paper examines the issues of the new constitutional approach to the implementation of the principle of separation of powers, some additional powers of the President of Russia in the context of their expansion. The author argues her view concerning consideration of some legal phenomena rooted in the legal reality of Russia at the constitutional level on the example of the terms “public power” and “instructions of the President of the Russian Federation.” The author monitors the dynamics of formation and manifoldness of instructions of the President of the Russian Federation. The paper highlights some terms and definitions that are new for the constitutional level, some of which can be considered as goals in the development of public and state life. The paper formulates author’s assessments and conclusions, author’s opinion concerning the ongoing transformations of the Constitution of Russia and, at the same time, it is proposed to continue scientific discussions devoted to the implementation of the proposed constitutional novellas.
Artificial Intelligence in the Administration of Justice: Theoretical Aspects of the Legal Regulation (Articulation of the Issue)
Authors: Spitsin I. N. , Tarasov I. N.
Published: August 2020

Prospects of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the administration of justice actualize a set of legal issues that are not only applied but also theoretical in nature, including the issue of the formation of the legal concept of “artificial intelligence” for the purposes of legal regulation. The legal academic literature describes a tendency to attribute signs of subjectivity to artificial intelligence, in connection with which the paper attempts to carry out a critical analysis of foundations of such approach. The authors explain inadmissibility of inclusion of such a characteristic as a legal capacity in the concept of “artificial intelligence.” They also argue that in jurisprudence it is useless to apply definitions of artificial intelligence based on the description of technical-technological characteristics because it has no influence on the legal regulation. The incorporation of artificial intelligence as a sociocultural phenomenon into legal reality requires either an independent term for its designation in the field of law or the filling of this concept with a specific legal content. The development of such content should be carried out within the framework of the paradigm of the legal science, since the use of categories and definitions of other branches and spheres of public life without being adopted to the legal field, is unlikely to be effective for the regulatory purposes.
Küçük Gürültü Terimi İçeren Itô Stokastik Diferansiyel Denklemler için Stokastik Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg Yöntemi
Authors: AKDEMİR Hande , AYDIN OĞUR Dudu
Published: August 2020

Bu
çalışmada, difüzyon teriminde küçük bir çarpan olan Itô stokastik diferansiyel
denklemler (SDD) için stokastik Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg yöntemi (SRKFY)
önerilmiştir. Bu yöntem, deterministik diferansiyel denklemler için iyi bilinen
ve türevleri kullanmayan altı aşamalı RKFY’nin karışık stokastik
(klasik-stokastik) integralleri kullanan bir uyarlamasıdır. Önerilen yöntemin
ara adımlarında Euler-Maruyama tahminleyicisi kullanılmıştır. Bazı test
problemleri için, yöntemin kuadratik orta anlamda yakınsaklığını incelemek ve
bilinen bazı yöntemlerle karşılaştırmak amacıyla simülasyon çalışmaları
yapılmıştır.
Vakhnenko-Parkes Denkleminin Hiperbolik Tipte Yürüyen Dalga Çözümü
Authors: DURUR Hülya , YOKUŞ Asıf
Published: August 2020

Bu makalede, (1/𝐺′)-açılım metodunun yapısı uygulanmıştır. İndirgenmiş Ostrovsky denkleminin bir diğer adı olan Vakhnenko-Parkes (V-P) denklemi dikkate alınmış ve (V-P) denkleminin (1/𝐺′)-açılım metodunu kullanılarak tam çözümleri inşa edilmiştir. Bu yöntem lineer olmayan kısmi diferansiyel denklemlerin analitik çözümlerini bulmak için daha kolay ve etkili bir metottur. Metot sembolik hesaplama için daha kolay ve daha hızlı görünüyor.Bu makalede, (1/𝐺′)-açılım metodunun yapısı uygulanmıştır. İndirgenmiş Ostrovsky denkleminin bir diğer adı olan Vakhnenko-Parkes (V-P) denklemi dikkate alınmış ve (V-P) denkleminin (1/𝐺′)-açılım metodunu kullanılarak tam çözümleri inşa edilmiştir. Bu yöntem lineer olmayan kısmi diferansiyel denklemlerin analitik çözümlerini bulmak için daha kolay ve etkili bir metottur. Metot sembolik hesaplama için daha kolay ve daha hızlı görünüyor.
CuxZn(1-x)O Nanoparçacıklarıyla Dekore Edilmiş Kaolin Nanokompozitinin Sentezi, Karakterizasyonu ve Fotokatalitik Aktivitesi
Authors: KELEŞ GÜNER Eda , ÇAĞLAR Bülent
Published: August 2020

Kaolin yüzeyine CuxZn(1-x)O nanoparçacıkları dekore edilerek kaolin-CuxZn(1-x)O nanokompoziti hazırlandı. Saf kaolinin, saf CuxZn(1-x)O nanoparçacıkları ve hazırlanan bu kaolin-CuxZn(1-x)O nanokompozitin fotokatalitik aktiviteleri UVA ışınları altında Rodamin B boyar maddesinin fotokatalitik bozunması incelenerek karşılaştırılmalı olarak değerlendirildi. Bütün numuneler SEM-EDX, XRD, FTIR, ve termik analiz (TG / DTG, DTA) teknikleri kullanılarak karakterize edildi. SEM-EDX ve XRD verileri saf CuxZn(1-x)O nanooksitlerin hekzagonal wurtzite yapısında kristallenen ZnO’in kristal örgüsünün içerisine bakır iyonlarının girmesiyle genişliği 100-250 nm arası çubuk ve içi boş tüp benzeri nanoyapılar şeklinde oluştuğunu göstermiştir. Kaolin-CuxZn(1-x)O nanokompozitinde bu metal oksit nanoyapıların aynı kristal ve morfolojide kaolinin tabakaları arasına sızmadan sadece kilin yüzeyinde dekore olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kaolin ve CuxZn(1-x)O nanoparçacıkları arasındaki sinerjik etkiden ötürü en iyi fotokatalitik bozunma aktiviteye kaolin- CuxZn(1-x)O nanokompozitinin sahip olduğu ve bozunmanın yalancı birinci dereceden kinetik izlediği belirlendi. Ayrıca bu fotokatalitik bozunmaya ait optimum pH ve katalizör miktarı değerleri de tespit edildi.
¿ESCUELA O NO ESCUELA? NOMENCLATURA Y PEDAGOGÍA DE LAS INSTITUCIONES DE EDUCACIÓN PARA NIÑOS DE 0 A 6 AÑOS EN MÉXICO
Authors: Campos Alba Elida Lucila
Published: August 2020

El texto analiza la nomenclatura que han recibido las instituciones educativas para niños menores de seis años desde su aparición en México en 1880 a la fecha visibilizando la estrecha relación de estos nombres con el tipo de pedagogía y metodología utilizada así como con el contexto político-social del país; desde los ejes de la cultura escolar utilizando fuentes primarias, secundarias y entrevistas. Reflexionando sobre la pertinencia de considerar o no, “escuela” a este nivel educativo, pues el término oficial “pre – escolar” lo niega, teniendo implicaciones en la asignación de recursos, la formación docente y la importancia en el imaginario social.

ESCOLA OU NÃO ESCOLA? NOMENCLATURA E PEDAGOGIA DAS INSTITUIÇÕES DE EDUCAÇÃO PARA CRIANÇAS DE 0 A 6 ANOS NO MÉXICO

Resumo: o texto analisa a nomenclatura que as instituições de ensino receberam para crianças menores de seis anos desde sua aparição no México em 1880 até hoje, tornando visível a estreita relação desses nomes com o tipo de pedagogia e metodologia utilizada, bem como, com o contexto sociopolítico do país; os eixos da cultura escolar e utilizando fontes primárias, secundárias e entrevistas. Refletindo assim a relevância de se considerar ou não, "escola" esse nível educacional, como o termo oficial "pré-escolar" nega, e assim tem implicações na alocação de recursos, na formação de professores e na importância para o imaginário social.

SCHOOL OR NOT SCHOOL? NOMENCLATURE AND PEDAGOGY OF INSTITUTIONS OF EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN FROM 0 TO 6 YEARS IN MEXICO

Abstract: the text analyzes the nomenclature that educational institutions have received for children under six years of age since their appearance in Mexico in 1880 to date, making visible the close relationship of these names with the type of pedagogy and methodology used as well as with the socio-political context from the country; from the axes of the school culture using primary sources, secondary sources and interviews. Reflecting on the relevance of considering or not, "school" at this educational level, as the official term "pre - school" denies it, having implications in the allocation of resources, teacher training and importance in the social imaginary.
Do you SEE the words coming out of that text?: Seeing Whiteness in Digital Text
Authors: Matias Cheryl E
Published: August 2020

Though texts are commonly perceived as merely written, this article explores texts in a more complex manner: in digital form. First, the paper posits the importance of “reading” digital texts (e.g., social media, films, memes, etc.) and demonstrates how such texts transmit hegemonic ideas about race and whiteness, which ultimately reifies white supremacy in society. Using a variety of critical theories such as critical studies of whiteness and critical theories of race, this article deconstructs digital texts (particularly film and social media) to demonstrate how whiteness gets embedded in digital text in almost invisible ways. Additionally, this article employs Yosso’s (2002) critical race media literacy (CRML) not only to divulge racial stereotypes in digital texts but also to demonstrate how CRML can be pedagogically and metacognitively applied to reveal how whiteness also gets embedded in digital texts. This article serves as a metacognitive model as to how readers can learn to read whiteness within digital texts.
Critical Race Media Literacy for These Urgent Times
Authors: Yosso Tara J.
Published: August 2020

Tara J. Yosso reflects on the genealogies of her research on visual microaggressions and the future directions for critical race media literacy scholarship. She identifies a need for sustained attention in three areas: (1) intentionality of racial imagery, and recognition of media as pedagogy; (2) the role of history and the continuities of racial scripts applied against different groups; and (3) contestations of the White supremacist project across generations.
Karakter Morfo-fisiologi dan Hasil Padi Gogo Toleran Kekeringan
Authors: Ahadiyat Yugi Rahayu , Nugroho Hadi Sapto , Herliana Okti
Published: August 2020

The objective of this study was to obtain varieties with high yield along with proper morpho-physiological characters under drought condition. Eleven varieties of upland rice i.e., Gilirang, Situ Patenggang, Kalimutu, Aek Sibundong, Batutegi, Towuti, Sunggal, Danau Gaung, Way Apo Buru, Danau Tempe, and Situ Bagendit were characterized based on morphology, physiology, and yield. Non factorial Complete Randomized Block Design was used with three times repetition. Parameters measured were morphological characters, physiological characters, and yield components. Morphological characters measured were plant height, number and area of leaf, shoot dry biomass, tiller number, and total root length. Physiological characters measured were plant growth rate, net assimilation rate, and relative growth rate. Yield components measured were number and length of panicle, number of seeds per panicle, 1000 seeds weight, weights of seed per panicle, weights of seed per plot, and weights of seed per hectare. The results showed that Danau Tempe variety had better characters against drought stress compared to the other varieties with higher yields supported by high plant growth rate, relative growth rate, chlorophyll content and leaf area with low accumulation of proline content and short root length.   Keywords: drought, morphological character, upland rice variety, yield
ОЦЕНКА ВЛИЯНИЯ НАПРЯЖЕННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ГОРНЫХ ПОРОД НА ПРОНИЦАЕМОСТЬ КАРБОНАТНЫХ КОЛЛЕКТОРОВ
Authors: Мартюшев Дмитрий Александрович
Published: August 2020

Актуальность работы обусловлена тем, чтонефтяные месторождения Пермского края определяются широким распространением трещин в карбонатных коллекторах и влиянием трещиноватости пород на процессы фильтрации нефти в пласте. В рамках данной статьи рассмотрено влияние изменения напряженного состояния горных пород (эффективное давление) на пористость и проницаемость образцов керна в различных литолого-фациальных зонах турне-фаменских карбонатных отложениях. Турне-фаменские карбонатные отложения месторождений Верхнего Прикамья характеризуются сложным геологическим строением. На данных залежах выделяются литолого-фациальные зоны с различными фильтрационно-емкостными свойствами, обусловленными геологическими условиями осадконакопления. Цель:оценка динамики трещинной и матричной проницаемости образцов керна карбонатных объектов в зависимости от изменения эффективного давления. Объект:турне-фаменские карбонатные коллектора Гагаринского и Озерного месторождений. Методами исследованияявлялись фильтрационные установки с моделированием пластовых условий УИК-5ВГ и AFS-300; установка микрофокусной рентгеноскопии. Результаты.Проанализированная в данной работе серия опытов позволила установить, что в карбонатных турне-фаменских коллекторах (проницаемостью до 350 мД), характеризующихся трещиноватостью, при снижении нагрузки проницаемость коллектора в полной мере не восстанавливается. Соответственно на участках развития трещиноватых коллекторов с самого начала эксплуатации скважин предпочтительно ограничивать снижение их забойного давления.Также установлено, что в турне-фаменских отложениях месторождений Верхнего Прикамья для различных типов сейсмических волн существует физический предел скоростей, связанный со структурой порового пространства. При этом в перспективе по скоростям волн возможно выделять наиболее плотные участки коллектора, которые, в свою очередь, подвержены процессу образования трещин. Поставленная задача должна решаться на основе комплексного учета данных исследований керна, ГДИ, 3Dсейсморазведки и анализа эксплуатации скважин.
ВЛИЯНИЕ РАДИАЦИОННОГО ТЕПЛООБМЕНА НА ИНТЕНСИФИКАЦИЮ ТЕПЛОПЕРЕНОСА В ТОНКОПЛЕНОЧНОЙ ТЕПЛОВОЙ ИЗОЛЯЦИИ
Authors: Половников Вячеслав Юрьевич
Published: August 2020

Актуальность исследования обусловлена тем, что тепловая защита оборудования и трубопроводов играет важную роль при проведении энергосберегающих мероприятий на энергетических объектах различного назначения, а рост уровня потерь тепла или холода при транспортировке энергоносителей является причиной создания новых подходов к энергосберегающим мероприятиям при выполнении теплоизоляционных работ. Известно, что основным методом снижения потерь тепловой энергии при ее транспортировке и хранении является применение высокоэффективных теплоизоляционных материалов. Таким материалом является тонкопленочная тепловая изоляция. Уникальные теплофизические характеристики тонкопленочных теплоизоляционных покрытий позволяют использовать их в различных энергетических системах и оборудовании. Несмотря на это технологии применения тонкопленочных теплоизоляционных покрытий к настоящему моменту времени не получили развития. Это объясняется рядом причин, основными из которых являются: недостаток знаний о физических свойствах и механизмах процессов тепломассопереноса в тонкопленочных теплоизоляционных покрытиях. Цель: исследование кондуктивно-конвективно-радиационного теплопереноса в слое тонкопленочной тепловой изоляции с учетом разнородности свойств микросфер и связующих веществ. Объект: цилиндрический слой тонкопленочного теплоизоляционного покрытия. На внутренней и внешней поверхностях теплоизоляционного покрытия поддерживаются постоянные температуры. Геометрия тонкопленочного теплоизоляционного покрытия представляла собой связующее вещество и полые микросферы. Исследования проводились для слоя теплоизоляции толщиной 0,33 мм. Температура на внутренней и внешней поверхностях изоляции принималась в соответствии с экспериментальными данными. Предполагалось, что слой тонкопленочной теплоизоляции на 62 % состоит из микросфер диаметром 50 мкм и на 38 % из связующего вещества. Рассматривались два типа полых микросфер с толщинами стенок: 5 и 2 мкм. Методы. Решение поставленной задачи получено методом конечных элементов. Использовалась аппроксимация Галеркина, неравномерная конечно-элементная сетка. Параметры элементов сетки выбирались из условий сходимости решения. Увеличение числа элементов расчетной сетки проводилось с использованием метода Делоне. Результаты. Установлены величины тепловых потоков в слое тонкопленочной тепловой изоляции при наличии радиационного теплообмена. На основании сопоставления результатов численного моделирования теплопереноса в слое тонкопленочной тепловой изоляции, выполненного с использованием кондуктивно-конвективной модели теплопереноса, с результатами для кондуктивно-конвективно-радиационной модели установлено, что расхождение между ними не превышает 0,1 % и объясняется погрешностями численных расчетов. По этой причине в практических расчетах можно использовать более простую кондуктивную модель теплопереноса.