bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy-Efficient Time-Domain Equilibrium Scheduling and Optimization Scheme for Energy Harvesting-Powered D2D Communication
Authors: Luo Ying , Zeng Min , Jiang Hong , Han Bin
Published: September 2020

Energy Harvesting- (EH-) powered Device-to-Device (D2D) Communication underlaying Cellular Network (EH-DCCN) has been deemed as one of the basic building blocks of Internet of Things due to its green energy efficiency and adjacent communication. But available energy will be one of the biggest obstacles when implementing EH-DCCN due to the immaturity of EH technology and the volatility of environmental energy resources. To improve energy utilization, this study investigates an efficient scheduling and power allocation scheme about transmission load equilibrium in the time domain. Accordingly, a short-term Sum Energy Efficiency (stSEE) maximization problem for EH-powered D2D communication is modelled, while ensuring a fundamental transmission rate requirement of cellular users. Consequently, the optimization problem is a nonconvex mixed integer nonlinear programming problem. Thus, we propose a two-layer convex approximation iteration algorithm which can obtain a feasible quasioptimal solution for the stSEE problem. Simultaneously, a two-step heuristic algorithm in a slot-by-slot fashion is also developed to acquire a suboptimal solution without requiring statistical knowledge of channel and energy arrival processes. Simulated analysis indicates that the short-term scheduling strategy can obtain better performances in terms of energy efficiency and transmission rate than conventional real-time scheduling scheme. Besides, the maximum scheduled number of EH-D2D pairs underlaying one cellular user under different EH efficiency is analysed, which can give us a theoretical reference about the deployment of future EH-DCCN.
Immunoassay of Glomalin by Quartz Crystal Microbalance Biosensor Containing Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Pohanka Miroslav , Vlcek Vitezslav
Published: September 2020

Glomalin is a soil protein resembling heat shock protein (HSP) 60 and exerting high affinity to metals, causing retention of water in the environment and improving mechanical stability of soil. Currently, glomalin is determined in the soil or other samples by combination of autoclaving extraction and total protein determination typically by the Bradford method. In this paper, a piezoelectric biosensor was prepared to determine glomalin in a label-free measurement. The biosensor contained antibodies immobilized on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and the recognition layer was stabilized by iron oxide nanoparticles. The assay was tested on real soil samples and compared with the standard Bradford assay. Limit of detection of the assay was equal to 2.4 µg/g for a soil extract with a volume of 50 µl. The assay takes approximately half of an hour and was fully correlated to the Bradford assay. The biosensor had significant advantages than the other methods: it worked in a label-free mode and was fully applicable for practical samples.
Simulation-Based Research on Driver Visibility of Black-and-White Striped Vehicles
Authors: Xie Pei , Li Qing , Zhu Tong , Cao Minghua , Zhao Runqing
Published: September 2020

The vehicle color is considered to be a significant factor affecting driver visibility. The primary objective of this study is therefore to determine the impact of black-and-white striped vehicles (BWVs) on driver visibility through simulation-based experiments. In these experiments, subjects were asked to perform front and rear target identification tasks under daylight and twilight conditions. Then, a 2 (lighting conditions) × 2 (vehicle size) × 5 (vehicle color) analysis of variance was conducted for each task. Under the front identification scenario, the main factors affecting visibility were found to be lighting conditions, vehicle size, vehicle color, and the interactions between these factors. Under the rear identification scenario, lighting conditions and vehicle color were found to be the main factors. The results of this study demonstrate that driver visibility of BWVs is poorer than that of other colors of vehicles and that BWV visibility is susceptible to lighting conditions.
Comparative Study of Leaf and Rootstock Aqueous Extracts of Foeniculum vulgare on Chemical Profile and In Vitro Antioxidant and Antihyperglycemic Activities
Authors: Sayah Karima , El Omari Nasreddine , Kharbach Mourad , Bouyahya Abdelhakim , Kamal Rabie , Marmouzi Ilias , Cherrah Yahia , Faouzi My El Abbes
Published: September 2020

Foeniculum vulgare is a medicinal plant used in Moroccan folk medicine to treat several diseases such as diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the phenolic bioactive compounds and to evaluate the antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activities of Foeniculum vulgare leaf and rootstock extracts. Phenolic compounds of F. vulgare rootstock and leaf extracts were determined using HPLC-DAD-QTOFMS analysis. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+) radicals. Moreover, the in vitro antihyperglycemic effects were tested by measuring the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. HPLC-DAD-QTOFMS analysis identified thirty-two phenolic components in both leaf and rootstock extracts. Caffeic acid, quinic acid, and chlorogenic acid were the major compounds of F. vulgare leaf extract (FVLE), while the main compound of F. vulgare rootstock extracts (FVRE) was quinic acid. In the DPPH assay, F. vulgare leaf extract showed important antioxidant activity (IC50 = 12.16 ± 0.02 μg/mL) than F. vulgare rootstock extract (IC50 = 34.36 ± 0.09 μg/mL). Moreover, fennel leaf extracts revealed also the most powerful antioxidant activity (IC50 = 22.95 ± 0.4 μg/mL) in the ABTS assay. The in vitro antihyperglycemic activity showed that F. vulgare rootstock extract exhibited a remarkable inhibitory capacity (IC50 = 194.30 ± 4.8 μg/mL) of α-amylase compared with F. vulgare leaf extract (IC50 = 1026.50 ± 6.5 μg/mL). Furthermore, the inhibition of α-glucosidase was more importantly with F. vulgare rootstock (IC50 of 165.90 ± 1.2 μg/mL) than F. vulgare leaf extracts (203.80 ± 1.3 μg/mL). The funding of this study showed that F. vulgare rootstock and leaf extracts presented several phenolic compounds and showed important antioxidant and antidiabetic effects. We suggest that the identified molecules are responsible for the obtained activities. However, further studies focusing on the isolation and the determination of antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of F. vulgare rootstock and leaf main compounds are required.
Urban Traffic Flow Prediction Model with CPSO/SSVM Algorithm under the Edge Computing Framework
Authors: Liu Fengkai , Ma Xingmin , An Xingshuo , Liang Guangnan
Published: September 2020

Urban traffic flow prediction has always been an important realm for smart city build-up. With the development of edge computing technology in recent years, the network edge nodes of smart cities are able to collect and process various types of urban traffic data in real time, which leads to the possibility of deploying intelligent traffic prediction technology with real-time analysis and timely feedback on the edge. In view of the strong nonlinear characteristics of urban traffic flow, multiple dynamic and static influencing factors involved, and increasing difficulty of short-term traffic flow prediction in a metropolitan area, this paper proposes an urban traffic flow prediction model based on chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm-smooth support vector machine (CPSO/SSVM). The prediction model has built a new second-order smooth function to achieve better approximation and regression effects and has further improved the computational efficiency of the smooth support vector machine algorithm through chaotic particle swarm optimization. Simulation experiment results show that this model can accurately predict urban traffic flow.
Quasiconformal Mapping Kernel Machine Learning-Based Intelligent Hyperspectral Data Classification for Internet Information Retrieval
Authors: Liu Jing , Qiao Yulong
Published: September 2020

Intelligent internet data mining is an important application of AIoT (Artificial Intelligence of Things), and it is necessary to construct large training samples with the data from the internet, including images, videos, and other information. Among them, a hyperspectral database is also necessary for image processing and machine learning. The internet environment provides abundant hyperspectral data resources, but the hyperspectral data have no class labels and no so high value for applications. So, it is important to label the class information for these hyperspectral data through machine learning-based classification. In this paper, we present a quasiconformal mapping kernel machine learning-based intelligent hyperspectral data classification algorithm for internet-based hyperspectral data retrieval. The contributions include three points: the quasiconformal mapping-based multiple kernel learning network framework is proposed for hyperspectral data classification, the Mahalanobis distance kernel function is as the network nodes with the higher discriminative ability than Euclidean distance-based kernel function learning, and the objective function of measuring the class discriminative ability is proposed to seek the optimal parameters of the quasiconformal mapping projection. Experiments show that the proposed scheme is effective for hyperspectral image classification and retrieval.
Stochastic Inventory Model for Minimizing Blood Shortage and Outdating in a Blood Supply Chain under Supply and Demand Uncertainty
Authors: Shih Han , Rajendran Suchithra
Published: September 2020

Purpose. Blood, like fresh produce, is a perishable element, with platelets having a limited lifetime of five days and red blood cells lasting 42 days. To manage the blood supply chain more effectively under demand and supply uncertainty, it is of considerable importance to developing a practical blood supply chain model. This paper proposed an essential blood supply chain model under demand and supply uncertainty. Methods. This study focused on how to manage the blood supply chain under demand and supply uncertainty effectively. A stochastic mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model for the blood supply chain is proposed. Furthermore, this study conducted a sensitivity analysis to examine the impacts of the coefficient of demand and supply variation and the cost parameters on the average total cost and the performance measures (units of shortage, outdated units, inventory holding units, and purchased units) for both the blood center and hospitals. Results. Based on the results, the hospitals and the blood center can choose the optimal ordering policy that works best for them. From the results, we observed that when the coefficient of demand and supply variation is increased, the expected supply chain cost increased with more outdating units, shortages units, and holding units due to the impacts of supply and demand fluctuation. Variation in the inventory holding and expiration costs has an insignificant effect on the total cost. Conclusions. The model developed in this paper can assist managers and pathologists at the blood donation centers and hospitals to determine the most efficient inventory policy with a minimum cost based on the uncertainty of blood supply and demand. The model also performs as a decision support system to help health care professionals manage and control blood inventory more effectively under blood supply and demand uncertainty, thus reducing shortage of blood and expired wastage of blood.
Efficient Private Set Intersection Using Point-Value Polynomial Representation
Authors: Ruan Ou , Mao Hao
Published: September 2020

Private set intersection (PSI) allows participants to securely compute the intersection of their inputs, which has a wide range of applications such as privacy-preserving contact tracing of COVID-19. Most existing PSI protocols were based on asymmetric/symmetric cryptosystem. Therefore, keys-related operations would burden these systems. In this paper, we transform the problem of the intersection of sets into the problem of finding roots of polynomials by using point-value polynomial representation, blind polynomials’ point-value pairs for secure transportation and computation with the pseudorandom function, and then propose an efficient PSI protocol without any cryptosystem. We optimize the protocol based on the permutation-based hash technique which divides a set into multisubsets to reduce the degree of the polynomial. The following advantages can be seen from the experimental result and theoretical analysis: (1) there is no cryptosystem for data hiding or encrypting and, thus, our design provides a lightweight system; (2) with set elements less than 212, our protocol is highly efficient compared to the related protocols; and (3) a detailed formal proof is given in the semihonest model.
Visual Analytic Method for Metro Anomaly Detection and Diffusion
Authors: Li Yunhui , Zhang Yong , Shi He , Wei Yun , Yin Baocai
Published: September 2020

With the rapid development of urbanization in recent years, thousands of people have flooded into the city, which has brought tremendous pressure on the supervision and operation of relevant traffic management departments. In particular, the unexpected events in the urban rail transit system have caused great troubles for city managers. Aiming at the problem of abnormal passenger flow in the metro, this paper proposes a visual analytic method to support the abnormal passenger flow detection, verification, and diffusion analysis in the metro system. The method provides an intuitive visual metaphor and allows users to perform simple interactive operations to verify abnormal passenger flow. In addition, the method reveals the diffusion law of abnormal passenger flow in time and space in a two-dimensional diffusion view. The Beijing Rail Transit AFC data are used to validate the developed system, and two reliable analysis cases are presented. The system can help users quickly grasp the abnormal propagation rules and help them to develop different scheduling strategies for different anomalous propagation paths.
Grasping Control of a UVMS Based on Fusion Visual Image Enhancement
Authors: Chen Wei , Wang Lei , Zhang Yuhang , Li Xu , Wang Weiran
Published: September 2020

The Underwater Vehicle Manipulator System (UVMS) is an essential equipment for underwater operations. However, it is difficult to control due to the constrained problems of weak illumination, multidisturbance, and large inertia in the underwater environment. After the UVMS mathematical model based on water flow disturbance is established, fusion image enhancement algorithm based on Retinex theory is proposed to achieve fine perception of the target. The control method based on redundant resolution algorithm is adopted to establish the anti-interference controller of the manipulator, which can compensate the internal and external uncertain interference. Finally, stable underwater operation is realized. The target ranging method is used to solve the angle of each joint of the manipulator to complete the tracking and grasping of the target. Underwater experiments show that the algorithm can improve the clarity of underwater images, ensure the accuracy of robot capture, and optimize the UVMS control performance.
Temporal Trends in X-Ray Exposure during Coronary Angiography and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Davidsen Cedric , Bolstad Kirsten , Nygaard Ellisif , Vikenes Kjell , Rotevatn Svein , Tuseth Vegard
Published: September 2020

Background. Percutaneous coronary intervention exposes patient and staff to ionizing radiation. Although staff only receive a small fraction of patient dose through scatter radiation, there are concerns about the potential health effects of repeated exposure. Minimizing both patient and occupational exposure is needed. Objective. This article investigates patient and operator X-ray exposure over time in coronary intervention in relation to upgraded X-ray equipment, improved shielding, and enhanced operator awareness. Materials and Methods. Data regarding irradiation time, patient dose, and patient characteristics were extracted from the Norwegian Registry for Invasive Cardiology (NORIC) for procedures performed from 2013 to mid-2019. Personal operator dosimetry records were provided by the Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority. Improved operator shielding and awareness measures were introduced in 2018. Results. In the period 2013 through June 2019, 21499 procedures were recorded in our institution. Mean dose area product (DAP) for coronary angiography decreased 37% from 2981 μGy·m2 in 2013 to 1891 μGy·m2 in 2019 (p<0.001). For coronary intervention, DAP decreased 39% from 8358 μGy·m2 to 5055 μGy·m2. Personal dosimetry data indicate a 70% reduction in operator dose per procedure in 2019 compared to 2013. The most pronounced reduction occurred after improved radiation protection measures were implemented in 2018 (−48%). Conclusions. This study shows a temporal trend towards considerable reduction in X-ray doses received by the patient and operator during cardiac catheterization. Upgraded X-ray equipment, improved shielding, and enhanced operator awareness are likely contributors to this development.
Relationship between White Blood Count to Mean Platelet Volume Ratio and Clinical Outcomes and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Emre Altekin Refik , Yasar Kilinc Ali , Atakan Yanikoglu , Orhan Cicekcibasi , Murathan Kucuk
Published: September 2020

Background. The white blood cell count to mean platelet volume ratio (WMR) is an indicator of inflammation in patients with atherosclerotic disease. Residual SYNTAX Score (RSS) is an objective measure of degree and complexity of residual stenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We investigated the relationship between WMR and clinical prognosis and RSS in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (P-PCI). Method. Between June 2015 and December 2018, 537 patients who underwent primary PCI were evaluated for in-hospital events, and 477 patients were evaluated for clinical events during follow-up after discharge. The endpoint of our study is major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) seen in the in-hospital and follow-up periods. Results. In our study, 537 patients were stratified into two groups according to admission median WMR. There were 268 patients in the low WMR group (WMR<1286) and 269 patients in the high WMR group (WMR≥1286). RSS (p=0.01) value of the high WMR group was higher than that of the low WMR group. The rates of in-hospital MACE (p=0.001), cardiac death (p<0.001), decompansated heart failure (0.007), and ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (p=0.003) were higher in the high WMR group than in the low WMR group. The follow-up MACEs (p=0.043), cardiac death (p=0.026), and reinfarction (p=0.031) ratio were higher in the high WMR group. In ROC analysis, cut-off values of in-hospital and follow-up MACEs were >1064 (sensitivity: 83.12%, and specificity: 36.29%) and >1130 (sensitivity: 69.15%, and specificity: 44.91%), respectively. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the high WMR group had the significantly lowest MACE-free survival rate (log-rank test, p=0.006). A moderate correlation was observed between WMR and RSS (r: 456, p=0.002). Conclusion. A higher WMR value on admission was associated with worse outcomes in patients with P-PCI and independently predicted for follow-up MACEs. The WMR provides both a rapid and an easily obtainable parameter to identify reliably high-risk patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention due to STEMI.
Abstract A016: Race, place, and smoking in rural America across four categories of an urban/rural continuum: Evidence from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS)
Authors: Lopez Gilberto , Mattie Heather
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Although smoking prevalence has declined over the past decade, it is still associated with many types of cancer and is the leading cause of lung cancer. Rural populations are especially at risk as they have been consistently more likely to smoke. However, most research has ignored the marked heterogeneity of rural America, focusing solely on a rural/urban dichotomy. Methods. Using Rural-Urban Commuting Area Codes (RUCAs) from the 2018 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS-5) database (n=5,099), we analyze the odds of smoking across four contexts: urban, large-rural, small-rural, and isolated-rural areas. Additionally, we test the interaction of race/ethnicity and rurality on smoking. This gives us a potentially more detailed understanding of the relationship between race, place, and health across the urban-rural continuum. Using an established social determinants framework, a series of logistic regression models were fitted to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for smoking. Results. We found that those living in a small rural town had 2.16 times the odds of smoking, compared to those living in an urban area (p<0.001). Additionally, non-Whites living in isolated rural areas had significantly lower odds of smoking (OR 0.03) compared to Whites in isolated rural areas (p<0.05). Conclusions. Place and race matter for health. These findings have implications for the allocation of resources and the design of interventions aimed at smoking cessation in rural America. Such interventions should take into account the nuances of rurality, and race, in order to create culturally appropriate programming.

Citation Format: Gilberto Lopez, Heather Mattie. Race, place, and smoking in rural America across four categories of an urban/rural continuum: Evidence from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A016.
Abstract A021: Tobacco and e-cigarette use in a sample of young men 18-24 in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico: The Youth Prevention Program
Authors: Saldaña-Santiago Nashaly M , Rodríguez-Lebrón Jorge , Sánchez-Cabrera Yara , Acosta-Pérez Edna , Colón-López Vivian
Published: September 2020

Background: Smoking is the number one preventable cause of death in the world. In Puerto Rico, 11.3% of the general population reported being current smokers. The majority are men who started smoking at a young age. In addition to cigarette smoking, it is important to monitor the new and potentially dangerous trend of e-cigarette use, which has doubled ever since 2014. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and patterns of current cigarette and lifetime e-cigarette use in a sample of young men 18-24 years old from the Youth Prevention Program (YPREV). Methods: A cross-sectional study among 318 young men was implemented in 2017. Bivariate analysis comparing cigarette and e-cigarette use by selected characteristics were conducted. Results: More than half of the participants reported having smoked cigarettes during the last 30 days. Approximately 39.3% of the participants reported the use of e-cigarette in their lifetime, with 76.9% of the participants indicating trying e-cigarettes for the first time after starting college. When exploring the association between selected characteristics and current cigarette smoking, participants who reported low perceived risk of HIV infection are more likely to smoke cigarettes (p-value >0.01). In relation to e-cigarette, participants who reported being employed were more likely to use e-cigarettes (p-value=0.012). Moreover, participants who belong to the minority serving institution, reported less use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes ever than those part of the community. Conclusions: As YPREV aimed to expand their prevention services to young men in the Western region of Puerto Rico, strategic alliances for the development of multidisciplinary interventions for cigarette and e-cigarette use will be necessary, which will help develop targeted prevention strategies, primarily among freshmen college students in the Western region of Puerto Rico.

Citation Format: Nashaly M Saldaña-Santiago, Jorge Rodríguez-Lebrón, Yara Sánchez-Cabrera, Edna Acosta-Pérez, Vivian Colón-López. Tobacco and e-cigarette use in a sample of young men 18-24 in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico: The Youth Prevention Program [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A021.
Abstract A042: Impact of a natural disaster on access to care and biopsychosocial outcomes among Hispanic/Latino cancer patients
Authors: Rodriguez-Rabassa Mary , Hernandez Ruthmarie , Rodriguez Zindie , Colon-Echevarria Claudia B , Maldonado Lizette , Tollinchi Nelmit , Torres Estefania , Mulero Adnil , Albors Daniela , Perez-Morales Jaileene , Flores Idhaliz , Jim Heather , Castro Eida M , Armaiz-Pena Guillermo N
Published: September 2020

Background: Cancer is the leading cause of death in Puerto Rico (PR). Hurricane Maria (HM) and its aftermath lead to widespread devastation in the island, including the collapse of the healthcare system. Medically fragile populations, such as cancer patients and survivors, were significantly affected. The goal of the current study was to assess the impact of HM on barriers to care, emotional distress and inflammatory biomarkers among cancer patients in PR. Methods: This exploratory longitudinal study was conducted in health care facilities and community support groups from PR. Cancer patients (n=50) and non-cancer patients (n=50) completed a battery of psychosocial questionnaires and provided blood samples that were utilized to assess inflammatory cytokines levels. Data were analyzed through descriptive, frequencies, correlational and linear regression analyses. Results: Cancer patients that were affected by HM reported increased barriers in accessing medical care, which were positively associated with anxiety, perceived stress, and post-traumatic symptomatology. Moreover, being a cancer patient or survivor, along with closeness in time from HM predicted more barriers to receiving health care. Several inflammatory cytokines were significantly upregulated in cancer patients and positively correlated with barriers to care. Conclusions: HM significantly impacted Puerto Ricans psychosocial well-being. Cancer patients had significant barriers to care and increased serum inflammatory cytokines, but similar anxiety, stress and post-traumatic symptoms compared to non-cancer controls. Impact: These findings demonstrate the urgency of delineating a plan for providing cancer care to patients in the aftermath of a natural disaster while promoting and influencing resilience and well-being.

Citation Format: Mary Rodriguez-Rabassa, Ruthmarie Hernandez, Zindie Rodriguez, Claudia B Colon-Echevarria, Lizette Maldonado, Nelmit Tollinchi, Estefania Torres, Adnil Mulero, Daniela Albors, Jaileene Perez-Morales, Idhaliz Flores, Heather Jim, Eida M Castro, Guillermo N Armaiz-Pena. Impact of a natural disaster on access to care and biopsychosocial outcomes among Hispanic/Latino cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A042.
Abstract A072: Polyethnic-1000: Advancing cancer genomics by studying ethnically diverse, underserved patient populations in New York
Authors: Hubert Benjamin , Froeling Fieke , Arora Kanika , Chu Tim , Robine Nicolas , Zody Michael , Oschwald Dayna , Varmus Harold , Sawyers Charles , Tuveson David
Published: September 2020

Background and aims Advances in sequencing technologies have revolutionized our approaches in medicine. However, our current knowledge about the molecular attributes of cancer has primarily been derived from patients of European descent. The overall aim of Polyethnic-1000 is to bring genomic innovation to under-represented ethnic groups in the diverse patient population of New York City. Methods and results A dynamic research platform is being created, involving the New York Genome Center and academic centers and partnering hospitals in the New York City region. In a first, retrospective stage, the infra-structure, sample workflow, analysis and data sharing within the consortium has been developed and whole exome and RNA sequencing has been performed on 100 samples from self-identified non-white cancer patients treated at 14 different centers. Data from over 24 tumor types were shared with our collaborators and the somatic variants were made available through our in-house instance of cBioPortal. The knowledge gained during this stage is used to design a prospective study with formation of cohorts of interest for particular cancer types and particular ethnicities, with uniform consent allowing germline and somatic sequencing with broad data sharing of the somatic variants identified. Conclusion By establishing a collaborative network, Polyethnic-1000 will deepen our understanding of the contributions that ethnicities make to the incidence and biology of cancers, potentially improving outcomes for patients who currently lack access to the most recent advances in medical science.

Citation Format: Benjamin Hubert, Fieke Froeling, Kanika Arora, Tim Chu, Nicolas Robine, Michael Zody, Dayna Oschwald, Harold Varmus, Charles Sawyers, David Tuveson. Polyethnic-1000: Advancing cancer genomics by studying ethnically diverse, underserved patient populations in New York [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A072.
Abstract A099: Oncotype Dx test receipt among Latina women with breast cancer: A population-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Acuna Nicholas , Stroup Antoinette M. , Tsui Jennifer , Llanos Adana A.M.
Published: September 2020

Introduction. The clinical utility of Oncotype Dx (ODx) testing, in order to estimate breast cancer (BrCa) recurrence risk and chemotherapy benefit, is widely accepted. However, population-based data on the utilization of ODx testing among Latina BrCa patients are limited. In this study, we are examining eligibility and receipt of ODx testing among Latinas in New Jersey diagnosed with breast cancer from 2008 to 2013, and assessing factors associated with ODx test receipt in the population. Methods. Data on all primary, histologically confirmed, invasive BrCa cases diagnosed among women between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2013 (N=32,770) were retrieved from the New Jersey State Cancer Registry. In order to identify Latina cases, those that were coded not as Non-Hispanic on the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries Hispanic Identification Algorithm were included in the analytic sample. Guideline-concordant ODx testing was classified as testing among Stage IA, Stage IB, Stage IIA or Stage IIB, node-negative, estrogen receptor-positive and/or progesterone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor-negative cases. Results. Approximately 9% of the total population-based sample of invasive BrCa cases were Latinas (n= 3,036). Among them, the average age at diagnosis was 55.8±13.3 years, 76.0% had ductal carcinoma histology, and 7.8% and 11.1% were non-luminal HER2-expressing and triple-negative subtypes, respectively. In terms of eligibility for ODx testing, 45.8% (1,391/3,306) were eligible and among them, 23.9% (333/1,391) received the test. Among those ineligible for ODx testing, 2.6% (43/1,645) received the test. Conclusions. The underutilization of guideline-concordant ODx testing among eligible Latina BrCa cases in New Jersey (<50%) could indicate that there is unequal access to appropriate genetic testing and optimal adjuvant chemotherapy. This might exacerbate disparities as BrCa is a leading cause of cancer death among Latinas. Our future aims include assessment of factors associated with guideline-concordant ODx test receipt among Latinas, and the impacts of ODx test receipt on BrCa treatment and survival.

Citation Format: Nicholas Acuna, Antoinette M. Stroup, Jennifer Tsui, Adana A.M. Llanos. Oncotype Dx test receipt among Latina women with breast cancer: A population-based retrospective cohort study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A099.
Abstract A126: Rural-urban differences in breast reconstruction utilization following mastectomy
Authors: Bautista Robert-Marlo F. , DeCoster Ryan C. , Burns Jack C. , Edmunds Robert W. , Dugan Adam J. , Rinker Brian J. , Webster Matthew , Vasconez Henry C.
Published: September 2020

Background: Healthcare disparities in rural women are well-defined, however little is known about breast reconstruction (BR) utilization in this population, especially rural Kentucky. The goal of this study was to determine if disparities in BR exist among post-mastectomy rural female patients in Kentucky. Methods: The Kentucky Cancer Registry was used to identify patients diagnosed with breast cancer and treated with mastectomy from 2006-2015. Patients were subdivided into mastectomy-only and mastectomy plus BR groups. 2013 Beale codes were used to stratify patients according to urban, near-metro or rural status. Chi-square tests were used to examine the association of BR along the rural-urban continuum. A multivariate logistic regression model controlling for patient, disease and treatment factors was used to predict BR. The likelihood of undergoing BR was reported in odds ratios (OR) using a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Overall, 12,036 patients underwent mastectomy. Of these patients, 2,822 (23.4%) also underwent BR. The rate of BR among urban, near-metro and rural patients was 32.4%, 23.1% and 14.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that women from near metro (OR 0.56, CI 0.50-0.63; p < 0.001) and rural areas (OR 0.38, CI 0.33-0.43; p <0.001) were less likely to undergo BR than women from urban areas. Conclusion: Although BR benefits are well documented, women from rural areas undergo BR at lower rates and are less likely to receive BR than their urban and near-metro counterparts. While multiple factors contribute to this disparity, future efforts should seek to improve comprehensive breast cancer care which includes access to a reconstructive breast surgeon.

Citation Format: Robert-Marlo F. Bautista, Ryan C. DeCoster, Jack C. Burns, Robert W. Edmunds, Adam J. Dugan, Brian J. Rinker, Matthew Webster, Henry C. Vasconez. Rural-urban differences in breast reconstruction utilization following mastectomy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A126.
Abstract A131: Understanding financial toxicities and disparities associated with treating colorectal cancer in the minority community
Authors: Johnson Wenora
Published: September 2020

Understanding financial toxicities and disparities associated with colorectal cancer in the minority community.

Citation Format: Wenora Johnson. Understanding financial toxicities and disparities associated with treating colorectal cancer in the minority community [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A131.
Abstract B019: Estimating the costs and cost-effectiveness of promoting mammography screening among US-based Latinas
Authors: Pichardo Catherine M , Molina Yamilé , Patrick Donald L , Ramsey Scott D , Bishop Sonia , Beresford Shirley A.A. , Coronado Gloria D
Published: September 2020

Purpose: We characterize the costs and cost-effectiveness of a community health worker (CHW)-based intervention to promote screening mammography among US-based non-adherent Latinas. Methods: The parent study was a randomized controlled trial for 536 Latinas aged 42-74 years old who had sought care within a safety net health center in Western Washington. Participants were block-randomized within clinic to the control arm (usual care) or intervention arm (CHW-led motivational interviewing intervention). We used the perspective of the organization implementing promotional activities to characterize costs and cost-effectiveness. Cost data were categorized as program set-up and maintenance (initial training, booster/annual training) program implementation (administrative activities, intervention delivery); and, overhead/miscellaneous expenses. Cost-effectiveness was calculated as the incremental cost of screening for each additional woman screened between the intervention and control arms. Results: The respective costs per participant for standard care and the intervention arm were $69.96 and $300.99. Most costs pertained to program implementation and administrative activities specifically. The incremental cost per additional woman screened was $2,595.32. Conclusions: Our findings are within the ranges of costs and cost-effectiveness for other CHW programs to promote screening mammography among underserved populations. Our strong study design and focus on non-adherent women provides important strengths to this body of work, especially given implementation and dissemination science efforts regarding CHW-based health promotion for health disparity populations.

Citation Format: Catherine M Pichardo, Yamilé Molina, Donald L Patrick, Scott D Ramsey, Sonia Bishop, Shirley A.A. Beresford, Gloria D Coronado. Estimating the costs and cost-effectiveness of promoting mammography screening among US-based Latinas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B019.
Abstract B036: Asian Breast Cancer (ABC) Project: Breaking the silence with knowledge and support
Authors: Huang Chien-Chi
Published: September 2020

The Asian Breast Cancer Project (ABC) is a comprehensive project spearheaded by Chien-Chi Huang, a Taiwanese American breast cancer survivor who is determined to break the silence and raise the awareness of breast cancer among Asian Americans. It aims to provide a community-based, peer-led program to address the lack of breast health/breast cancer education, screening, and treatment among, USA. Asian American women in the Greater Boston area in Massachusetts.

Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.

Citation Format: Chien-Chi Huang. Asian Breast Cancer (ABC) Project: Breaking the silence with knowledge and support [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B036.
Abstract B042: Identifying effective interventions using community-based participatory practices to improve cancer-related health outcomes in a high-risk population
Authors: Mann-Barnes Tyrell T , Ma Grace X
Published: September 2020

Persons Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) have an increased life expectancy when they adhere to highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). At the same time, ~25% of AIDS related deaths are due to non-HIV related comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. In the aging PLWHA population on HAART, an increasing risk for multiple cancers is clear and the cancers are more aggressive and advanced compared with an age-matched population. In addition to the liver cancer related to Hepatitis B and C, genital cancers related to human papillomavirus (HPV), increases in non-immune cancers including lung and melanoma cancers are the leading causes of death in PLWHA. Evidence has shown that community-based participatory approaches can be used to improve health outcomes in many populations. In this study, we focus on interventions for at-risk African-American, HIV positive, Men having Sex with Men (MSM) population. Typical community-based participatory activities include cancer-related awareness, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. We plan to utilize partnerships with community-based AIDS service organizations (ASO), community leaders, and local community state-representatives. Preliminary data shows that partnering with city-wide programming initiatives such as Black Gay Pride, Philly Pride Present and National Coming-Out Week will ensure community participation, leadership and engagement among the community. Currently, there is little research on how best to reach the Black or Hispanic PLWHA community. This project will investigate the socio-political-economic factors impacting these populations and the interventions that will increase engagement with healthcare educators and providers. Furthermore, knowledge from the PLWHA will help devise preventative approaches for reducing and addressing cancer risks.

Citation Format: Tyrell T Mann-Barnes, Grace X Ma. Identifying effective interventions using community-based participatory practices to improve cancer-related health outcomes in a high-risk population [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B042.
Abstract B057: Promoting genetic counseling among African American women with hereditary risk for breast cancer
Authors: Henderson Vida , Comer-Hagans Delawnia , Coffey Vickii , Grumbach Giesela , Newsome Jennifer , Hoskins Kent
Published: September 2020

Background: Breast cancer mortality is substantially higher in the U.S. for African American (AA) women compared to their white counterparts. Increasing the uptake of genetic counseling among AA women identified with increased breast cancer risk in Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC) is a key step in developing a successful approach to breast cancer disparities. However, studies show that women of color are less likely to receive genetic counseling for breast cancer risk. Our research group developed a multimedia culturally tailored educational video, informed by multiple qualitative methods, to improve uptake of genetic counseling among underserved AA women with increased breast cancer risk. We are conducting a pilot study to demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating the intervention with cancer genetic risk assessment in a mammography clinic. Methods: AA women will be recruited at the University of Illinois Mammography Center. Per current standard of care, all women who present for a mammogram complete a cancer genetic risk assessment (CGRA) as part of clinic intake. Women recommended for genetic counseling by the assessment tool will be invited to participate in this study. Participation includes: a pre-survey, viewing the educational video, and a post-survey. Pre- and post survey questions will capture data on the following constructs: knowledge, attitudes, normative beliefs, motivation, perceived social norms, intention to engage in genetic counseling, efficacy beliefs, skills, environmental constraints and opinions on video. Genetic counseling attendance will be monitored via electronic medical record. Thirty participants will be enrolled. Results: Preliminary results will be presented at the meeting. Conclusion: Culturally tailored health communication tools have shown to increase positive health behaviors. It is expected that the culturally tailored educational intervention will increase knowledge, motivation and intention to attend genetic counseling.

Citation Format: Vida Henderson, Delawnia Comer-Hagans, Vickii Coffey, Giesela Grumbach, Jennifer Newsome, Kent Hoskins. Promoting genetic counseling among African American women with hereditary risk for breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B057.
Abstract B094: Regulation of megalin by vitamin D as the mechanism for differential levels of intra-prostatic androgens between African American and Caucasian men
Authors: Garcia Jason , Richards Zachary , Zenner Morgan , Wang Yancai , Gann Peter , Prins Gail , Nonn Larisa
Published: September 2020

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a hormonally driven cancer and is currently the third most common cancer in the US. African American (AA) men are disproportionately at risk for both PCa and vitamin D (vitD) deficiency compared to white men. The numerous chemopreventative properties of vitD and epidemiological relationship of vitD status with PCa aggressiveness and mortality has led to the hypothesis that vitD deficiency is a biological contributor to PCa disparity in AA men. Our lab recently reported an unexpected relationship between serum and intraprostatic vitD metabolites 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in AA men. We also observed that Megalin, a multi-liganded endocytic membrane receptor encoded by the gene LRP2, was expressed in the prostate epithelium and is regulated by vitD. Extra-renal activity of Megalin has not been well studied as the widely accepted Free Hormone Hypothesis assumes passive diffusion of circulating free hormones into tissues. The presence of megalin suggests that globulin bound hormones from the circulation, including 25(OH)D bound to vitamin D binding protein (DBP) and testosterone (T) bound to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), are imported into the prostate in a regulated manner. Here we examine megalin as a potential mechanism to regulate globulin bound hormone import into the prostate. 25(OH)D decreased expression of LRP2 in primary prostate epithelial cells and fresh human prostate tissue slice explants. DBP-bound 25(OH)D and SHBG-bound T were imported into these prostate models and transcriptionally active. Lastly, we quantified T and its active metabolite dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the patient cohort from our prior study. Prostatic DHT levels inversely correlated with serum 25(OH)D status. AA men had higher levels of DHT in prostate tissue compared to white men. These clinical findings support our hypothesis that vitD status regulates intraprostatic hormone levels. In summary, we report the presence of a negative feedback loop in which vitD deficiency increases hormone import into prostate epithelium via megalin. Therefore, the upregulation of megalin in the setting of vitamin D deficiency may facilitate increased import of circulating sex steroids into the prostate contributing to carcinogenesis in AA men.

Citation Format: Jason Garcia, Zachary Richards, Morgan Zenner, Yancai Wang, Peter Gann, Gail Prins, Larisa Nonn. Regulation of megalin by vitamin D as the mechanism for differential levels of intra-prostatic androgens between African American and Caucasian men [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B094.