bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Narrative and non-narrative persuasion, confirmation bias and presentation order in online media: Understanding the effectiveness of disconfirmation messages
Authors: Wang Weirui , Huang Yan
Published: June 2024

Integrating the theories of confirmation bias, narrative persuasion, and presentation order, this study examines how the format of disconfirmation and confirmation messages and the presentation order of these messages in online media change the opinions of individuals who initially supported in-person classes for Fall 2020. A 2 (confirmation message: narrative vs. non-narrative) × 2 (disconfirmation message: narrative vs. non-narrative) × 2 (order: disconfirmation message first vs. second) between-subjects online experiment found that delivering a disconfirmation message after a confirmation message was more effective in eliciting attitude and belief change than delivering it prior to a confirmation message. Moreover, such a recency effect was more pronounced when the disconfirmation message was non-narrative, and the confirmation message was in a narrative format. The theoretical and practical implications for message design and placement in a competitive information environment were discussed.
Methodological confluence: Weaving Constructivist Grounded Theory (CGT) and Indigenous research methods
Authors: Sebeelo Tebogo B
Published: June 2024

Qualitative research methods have treated Western knowledge systems and Indigenous studies as polar opposites with asymmetrical power relations. Studies have documented the hegemonic dominance of Western science over Indigenous knowledge systems. Despite this tension, there is an opportunity to integrate Western science with Indigenous knowledges to bridge these discordant systems. This paper argues that Constructivist Grounded Theory (CGT), a Western-based version of grounded theory can be weaved with Indigenous research. CGT’s emphasis on co-construction, relationality, value-free inquiry, and social justice align with Indigenous research principles. Using examples from both CGT and Indigenous scholarship, the paper argues that CGT with its pragmatist and constructivist orientation can exist alongside an Indigenous research agenda. Furthermore, the flexible, emergent, and relativist nature of CGT aligns with some aspects of Indigenous research. The paper demonstrates that both knowledge systems can be treated on an equal par, engender methodological reciprocity and provide mutual benefits to each other. Weaving CGT and Indigenous research might provide new avenues of thinking about doing research with Indigenous communities and other marginalized communities.
Inquiry-Based Learning and Technology-Enhanced Formative Assessment in Flipped EFL Writing Instruction: Student Performance and Perceptions
Authors: Huang Hui-Wen , Mills Daniel J. , Tiangco Joseph Anthony Narciso Z.
Published: June 2024

Previous studies have shown that inquiry-based learning (IBL) and flipped learning effectively promote student engagement and learning outcomes in language classrooms. Meanwhile, technology-enhanced formative assessment (TEFA) with well-designed instructional strategies can provide engaging learning opportunities for learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). However, research on combining these three teaching approaches to enhance foreign language skills is scarce. Specifically, this study integrated IBL and TEFA in flipped EFL writing instruction to address the research gap. A mixed-method design was employed to explore 48 students’ writing performance and their perceptions of these creative teaching strategies. The results of the quantitative analysis indicate that combining IBL and TEFA increased students’ writing quality, as shown by the significant difference between their pretest and posttest writing scores. In addition, qualitative analysis of their written reflections indicated that they appreciated the dynamic and interactive learning atmosphere, displayed positive attitudes, and perceived the value of IBL and TEFA. The students also provided insights regarding the difficulties they experienced with this teaching method. The implications concerning the impact of IBL and TEFA in teaching flipped EFL writing are discussed, highlighting future suggestions for EFL educators.
Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia by orthopaedic surgeons in fixation of distal radius fracture
Authors: Chow Chun Lok , Siu Yuk Chuen , Ma Chun Man , Lui Tun Hing
Published: June 2024

The technique of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia has demonstrated satisfactory efficacy and safety in fixation of various fractures. There are limited studies performed concerning the applicability of a surgeon self-performed ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a self-performed ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia by surgeon for distal radius fracture fixation in terms of intraoperative and post-operative characteristics. Material and Methods: Patients with distal radius fracture who underwent surgery under the surgeon-performed ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia were evaluated in this retrospective study. A total of 12 patients (2 male/10 female) with a mean age of 60.6 were evaluated for the type of injury by AO classification, American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification (ASA), intraoperative visual analog scale pain (VAS) scores, duration of operation, post-operative pain control, complications and duration of hospitalisation. Result: Average age of the study population was 60.6, of which four of them were of ASA I, six of them ASA II and two of them ASA III. We provided complete pain control during the operation with all of the patient experience no pain (VAS  =  0) throughout the operation. Average operative time was 77.5 min. Average blood loss was 7.7 mL. Early post-operative pain control at 6 h after operation was well with majority of patients experience pain of VAS 1. Average post-operative hospital length of stay is 2.08 days. There was no complication arising from the application of regional anesthesia. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia can provide excellent efficacy and pain control during and after operation. Occurrence of complication was well avoided. Distal radius fracture fixation can be performed safely by orthopaedic surgeons under this technique.
Lived Experiences of Children in the Child Protection System in New Delhi
Authors: Sinha Aishwarya , Kaushik Archana
Published: June 2024

Ever since the ratification of the United Nations Convention on Rights of the Child in 1992, India has come a long way in drafting and re-drafting schemes, policies and laws to protect children from abuse, neglect and exploitation. While a lot of thought is put into drafting these legislations and policies, their implementation varies substantially across states, limiting the fulfilment of their objectives. The two prevalent schemes for children are the Integrated Child Development Scheme and the Integrated Child Protection Scheme. Substantial literature is available on the former, limited research and data are available on the latter. Most studies falling under this domain focus on analysing and criticising the legislations, but not on their impact. Children have always been considered as a sensitive and vulnerable group to work with and due to limited access to these sensitive spaces, scholars and researchers have been hesitant to record and document the voices and perspectives of children towards a scheme that focuses and works for their holistic development. Through this study, the researcher has tried to view the Child Protection System from the lived experiences of 10 children who are/have been part of the Child Protection System in Delhi.
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Leading to Diagnosis of Eosinophilic Granulomatous Polyangiitis After Adenovirus Vector COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Moses Mary M. , Fischer Nathan A. , Elston Carly , Dib Bernard
Published: June 2024

Purpose: To present a case of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) leading to the diagnosis of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) within 1 week of an adenovirus vector COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: A case was reviewed. Results: A 50-year-old man with atopic dermatitis and asthma presented with acute painless vision loss in 1 eye. An examination and imaging findings showed CRAO. Further evaluation found eosinophilia and elevated inflammatory markers. A workup for vasculitis showed elevated cytoplasmic-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, perinuclear-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, myeloperoxidase antibody, rheumatoid factor, and total immunoglobulin E. Skin biopsies were consistent with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Steroids, cyclophosphamide, and mepolizumab were initiated. At 1 year, the patient’s systemic symptoms had improved but his vision had not. Conclusions: Few reports exist of CRAO associated with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, with no other instances related to an adenovirus vector COVID-19 vaccination. Treating a systemic vasculitis early can be vision saving in the fellow eye and prevent systemic life-threatening complications.
Knowledge From the Margins – The Epistemological Promise of Microhistorical Theorizing in Organization Studies
Authors: Lantela Pilvikki
Published: June 2024

This paper proposes a feminist microhistorical approach to theorizing, which can complement the existing critiques remedying the epistemological bias of mainstream theories and conventional management history. Feminist microhistory prompts us to examine particular moments, people, things, or institutions in the past. It is a critical stance toward knowledge production. It aids us in finding and listening to marginal voices of the past, and thus helps in rewriting and re-conceptualizing organizational history or theories. Further, through feminist microhistory, this paper advocates situated theorizing that does not aim at causal explanations or universal knowledge claims but rather understanding the sporadic and multifaceted nature of social life and organizing in specific settings.
Intramuscular Lipoma of the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle: A Rare Entity Revisited
Authors: Hosri Jad , Yammine Yara , Hadi Nadine El , Aoun Jessica , Mourad Marc , Hadi Usamah
Published: June 2024

Intramuscular lipomas, typically found in subcutaneous tissue, rarely affect deeper muscular planes, especially those of the head and neck region. The following are 3 cases of intramuscular lipomas involving the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The first 2 patients presented with painless, palpable masses confirmed by diagnostic imaging as well-circumscribed intramuscular lipomas. One was treated surgically, while the other was managed conservatively with monitoring and close follow-up. The third patient reported dysphagia associated with occasional dyspnea and mild pain. The mass was identified as infiltrative lipoma and was resected surgically. Complete tumor removal with no recurrence at 6 months was observed for the first and last cases. The second case was serially followed at 3 and 6 months with no interval changes. We report the largest case series on intramuscular lipomas of the sternocleidomastoid muscle to enhance our understanding of this rare entity.
Diabetes and Financial Well-Being: Differential Hardship Among Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Evans Elizabeth , Jacobs Molly
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to examine financial well-being among a diverse population of individuals with and without diabetes.

Methods

Data from the Understanding America Survey, a nationally representative, longitudinal panel, were utilized to identify adults with self-reported diabetes diagnoses between 2014 and 2020. We used longitudinal mixed effects regression models to assess the association between diabetes and financial well-being score (FWBS) among racial and ethnic population subgroups. Models included sex, age, marital status, household size, income, education, race/ethnicity, insurance, body mass index, employment, and health insurance, incorporating individual- and household-level fixed effects. Racial and ethnic differentials were captured using group-condition interactions.

Results

Black participants (17.06%) had the highest prevalence of diabetes, followed by White participants (12.2%), “other” racial groups (10.7%), and Hispanic participants (10.0%). In contrast, White participants (M = 67.66, SD = 22.63) and other racial groups (M = 67.99, SD = 18.45) had the highest FWBSs, followed by Hispanic participants (M = 59.31, SD = 22.78) and Black participants (M = 55.86, SD = 25.67). Compared to White participants, Black participants (β = −5.49, SE = 0.71) and Hispanic participants (β = −2.06, SE = 0.63) have significantly lower FWBSs. Compared to males, females (β = −3.25, SE = 0.41) had lower FWBSs among individuals with diabetes. FWBSs of individuals with diabetes was 2.71 points lower (SE = 0.52), on average, than those without diabetes. Education, household size, age, marital status, and income were also significantly associated with FWBSs.

Conclusions

Findings suggest potential disparities in the financial ramifications of diabetes among socially marginalized populations.
Combinatorial metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of muscle growth in hybrid striped bass (female white bass Morone chrysops x male striped bass M. saxatilis)
Authors: Rajab Sarah A. S. , Andersen Linnea K. , Kenter Linas W. , Berlinsky David L. , Borski Russell J. , McGinty Andrew S. , Ashwell Christopher M. , Ferket Peter R. , Daniels Harry V. , Reading Benjamin J.
Published: June 2024

Background

Understanding growth regulatory pathways is important in aquaculture, fisheries, and vertebrate physiology generally. Machine learning pattern recognition and sensitivity analysis were employed to examine metabolomic small molecule profiles and transcriptomic gene expression data generated from liver and white skeletal muscle of hybrid striped bass (white bass Morone chrysops x striped bass M. saxatilis) representative of the top and bottom 10 % by body size of a production cohort.

Results

Larger fish (good-growth) had significantly greater weight, total length, hepatosomatic index, and specific growth rate compared to smaller fish (poor-growth) and also had significantly more muscle fibers of smaller diameter (≤ 20 µm diameter), indicating active hyperplasia. Differences in metabolomic pathways included enhanced energetics (glycolysis, citric acid cycle) and amino acid metabolism in good-growth fish, and enhanced stress, muscle inflammation (cortisol, eicosanoids) and dysfunctional liver cholesterol metabolism in poor-growth fish. The majority of gene transcripts identified as differentially expressed between groups were down-regulated in good-growth fish. Several molecules associated with important growth-regulatory pathways were up-regulated in muscle of fish that grew poorly: growth factors including agt and agtr2 (angiotensins), nicotinic acid (which stimulates growth hormone production), gadd45b, rgl1, zfp36, cebpb, and hmgb1; insulin-like growth factor signaling (igfbp1 and igf1); cytokine signaling (socs3, cxcr4); cell signaling (rgs13, rundc3a), and differentiation (rhou, mmp17, cd22, msi1); mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (ucp3, ucp2); and regulators of lipid metabolism (apoa1, ldlr). Growth factors pttg1, egfr, myc, notch1, and sirt1 were notably up-regulated in muscle of good-growing fish.

Conclusion

A combinatorial pathway analysis using metabolomic and transcriptomic data collectively suggested promotion of cell signaling, proliferation, and differentiation in muscle of good-growth fish, whereas muscle inflammation and apoptosis was observed in poor-growth fish, along with elevated cortisol (an anti-inflammatory hormone), perhaps related to muscle wasting, hypertrophy, and inferior growth. These findings provide important biomarkers and mechanisms by which growth is regulated in fishes and other vertebrates as well.
Genetic variants affecting mitochondrial function provide further insights for kidney disease
Authors: Cañadas-Garre Marisa , Baños-Jaime Blanca , Maqueda Joaquín J. , Smyth Laura J. , Cappa Ruaidhri , Skelly Ryan , Hill Claire , Brennan Eoin P. , Doyle Ross , Godson Catherine , Maxwell Alexander P. , McKnight Amy Jayne
Published: June 2024

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex disorder that has become a high prevalence global health problem, with diabetes being its predominant pathophysiologic driver. Autosomal genetic variation only explains some of the predisposition to kidney disease. Variations in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) and nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes (NEMG) are implicated in susceptibility to kidney disease and CKD progression, but they have not been thoroughly explored. Our aim was to investigate the association of variation in both mtDNA and NEMG with CKD (and related traits), with a particular focus on diabetes.

Methods

We used the UK Biobank (UKB) and UK-ROI, an independent collection of individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients.

Results

Fourteen mitochondrial variants were associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in UKB. Mitochondrial variants and haplogroups U, H and J were associated with eGFR and serum variables. Mitochondrial haplogroup H was associated with all the serum variables regardless of the presence of diabetes. Mitochondrial haplogroup X was associated with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in UKB. We confirmed the influence of several known NEMG on kidney disease and function and found novel associations for SLC39A13, CFL1, ACP2 or ATP5G1 with serum variables and kidney damage, and for SLC4A1, NUP210 and MYH14 with ESKD. The G allele of TBC1D32-rs113987180 was associated with higher risk of ESKD in patients with diabetes (OR:9.879; CI95%:4.440–21.980; P = 2.0E-08). In UK-ROI, AGXT2-rs71615838 and SURF1-rs183853102 were associated with diabetic nephropathies, and TFB1M-rs869120 with eGFR.

Conclusions

We identified novel variants both in mtDNA and NEMG which may explain some of the missing heritability for CKD and kidney phenotypes. We confirmed the role of MT-ND5 and mitochondrial haplogroup H on renal disease (serum variables), and identified the MT-ND5-rs41535848G variant, along with mitochondrial haplogroup X, associated with higher risk of ESKD. Despite most of the associations were independent of diabetes, we also showed potential roles for NEMG in T1DM.
Global transcriptome analysis reveals resistance genes in the early response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum
Authors: Chang Yujie , Liu Yonghui , Wang Lanfen , Wang Shumin , Wu Jing
Published: June 2024

Background

Disease can drastically impair common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production. Anthracnose, caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magnus) Briosi and Cavara, is one of the diseases that are widespread and cause serious economic loss in common bean.

Results

Transcriptome analysis of the early response of common bean to anthracnose was performed using two resistant genotypes, Hongyundou and Honghuayundou, and one susceptible genotype, Jingdou. A total of 9,825 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) responding to pathogen infection and anthracnose resistance were identified by differential expression analysis. By using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), 2,051 DEGs were found to be associated with two resistance-related modules. Among them, 463 DEGs related to anthracnose resistance were considered resistance-related candidate genes. Nineteen candidate genes were coexpressed with three resistance genes, Phvul.001G243600, Phvul.001G243700 and Phvul.001G243800. To further identify resistance genes, 46 candidate genes were selected for experimental validation using salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). The results indicated that 38 candidate genes that responded to SA/MeJA treatment may be involved in anthracnose resistance in common bean.

Conclusions

This study identified 38 resistance-related candidate genes involved in the early response of common bean, and 19 resistance-related candidate genes were coexpressed with anthracnose resistance genes. This study identified putative resistance genes for further resistance genetic investigation and provides an important reference for anthracnose resistance breeding in common bean.
Diagnosis and management of cancer therapy-related myocarditis in a young female: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Emami Amir hossein , Alizadehasl Azin , Sayad Masoud , Shavandi Farnaz , Firoozbakhsh Parisa , Meshgi Shahla , Roudini Kamran , Dokhani Negar
Published: June 2024

Background

The treatment of choice for Extra-osseous Ewing’s sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (ES/PNET), a rare neoplasm, is the VAC/IE regimen. This regimen includes Doxorubicin, Vincristine, Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, and Etoposide, all of which have cardiotoxic effects. Myocarditis, a potentially threatening side effect following cancer therapy, can be accurately managed and diagnosed.

Case Presentation

In the current study, we report the case of a 19-year-old female with a mass on the abdominal wall, diagnosed with ES/PNET. She was treated with the VAC/IE regimen. A month after the last session of chemotherapy, she experienced dyspnea. Upon evaluation, a high level of troponin and a low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were detected via transthoracic echocardiography. She was treated with anti-heart failure drugs, but the response was unsatisfactory. The possibility of Cancer therapy-related myocarditis was suspected, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) confirmed acute myocarditis. This patient exhibited a significant response to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), with her LVEF improving from 30–35% to 50% within three months.

Conclusion

In this case, based on negative tests and the absence of viral signs and symptoms, Cancer therapy-related myocarditis is highly suspected as the cause of myocarditis. This case underscores the importance of accurately utilizing CMR as a non-invasive method for diagnosing myocarditis. It effectively highlights the identification of reversible myocarditis with appropriate treatment and the notable response to IVIG, suggesting its potential as a favorable treatment for myocarditis in younger patients.
Lived experiences of Iranian prehospital emergency technicians in facing women’s emergencies: a phenomenological study
Authors: Marzaleh Milad Ahmadi , Peyravi Mahmoudreza , Ahmadi Esmaeil , Mahmoodi Hadi , Shakibkhah Iman , Armin Hossein
Published: June 2024

Introduction

: This study aimed to investigate the work problems and challenges of male prehospital emergency technicians when faced with female medical emergencies. Given that qualitative research has not been done in this field, planning to find the weak points and improve the quality of prehospital emergency as the first line of treatment for female emergency patients, which is considered an important part of the health care system, is considered important and valuable. Therefore, this phenomenological study was conducted in 2023.

Methods

This study was conducted using a qualitative method of phenomenology in 2023. The environment of the research was urban and road prehospital emergency centers in Iran and the data were collected through interviews with EMS technicians. The collected data were analyzed using Smith’s approach to explain the lived experiences of EMS technicians facing female emergencies or women’s emergencies in Iran.

Results

All the 15 participants were men. Their mean age was 35 years, with a range of 25 to 45 years, and with a mean work experience of 10.54 years with a range of 4 to 20 years. The lived experiences of 115 emergency technicians in facing women’s emergencies in Iran were placed in four main themes cultural-social factors, organizational factors, human resources-related factors, and administrative-legal factors.

Conclusion

EMS personnel face various obstacles in carrying out missions related to women’s emergencies, Considering the critical nature of women’s emergencies, it is recommended that policymakers and clinical educators improve the level of community culture, communication skills, theoretical and practical training, respecting privacy, hiring female personnel, adding specialized equipment, amending and changing laws, removing road-traffic obstacles and to support personnel, patients and their families psychologically to optimize performance in women’s emergencies.
Digital home care interventions and quality of primary care for older adults: a scoping review
Authors: de Siqueira Silva Ísis , de Araújo Aguinaldo José , Lopes Rayssa Horácio , Silva Cícera Renata Diniz Vieira , Xavier Pedro Bezerra , de Figueirêdo Renan Cabral , Brito Ewerton William Gomes , Lapão Luís Velez , Martiniano Cláudia Santos , de Araújo Nunes Vilani Medeiros , da Costa Uchôa Severina Alice
Published: June 2024

Background

Population aging is forcing the transformation of health care. Long-term care in the home is complex and involves complex communication with primary care services. In this scenario, the expansion of digital health has the potential to improve access to home-based primary care; however, the use of technologies can increase inequalities in access to health for an important part of the population. The aim of this study was to identify and map the uses and types of digital health interventions and their impacts on the quality of home-based primary care for older adults.

Methods

This is a broad and systematized scoping review with rigorous synthesis of knowledge directed by the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, and the qualitative data were analyzed through basic qualitative content analysis, considering the organizational, relational, interpersonal and technical dimensions of care. The preliminary results were subjected to consultation with stakeholders to identify strengths and limitations, as well as potential forms of socialization.

Results

The mapping showed the distribution of publications in 18 countries and in the Sub-Saharan Africa region. Older adults have benefited from the use of different digital health strategies; however, this review also addresses limitations and challenges, such as the need for digital literacy and technological infrastructure. In addition to the impacts of technologies on the quality of health care.

Conclusions

The review gathered priority themes for the equitable implementation of digital health, such as access to home caregivers and digital tools, importance of digital literacy and involvement of patients and their caregivers in health decisions and design of technologies, which must be prioritized to overcome limitations and challenges, focusing on improving quality of life, shorter hospitalization time and autonomy of older adults.
Gender differences in ethmoid sinus morphology_ 3D reconstruction of computed tomographic images
Authors: Hsu Chi-Pin , Lin Chih-Feng , Yang Chih-Chi , Jeng Jeng-Ywan , Huang Chang-Hung
Published: June 2024

Background

The ethmoid sinus (ES) is a three-dimensional (3D) complex structure, a clear understanding of the ES anatomy is helpful to plan intranasal surgery. However, most prior studies use 2D measurements, which may not accurately depict the 3D structure. The current study measured the gender differences in ES morphology based on 3D reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) images.

Methods

The 3D models were reconstructed using CT images. Twenty-one males and 15 females were enrolled in the study. The ES dimensions, including width, height and aspect ratio (AR) of each cutting-plane section, were measured at 10% increments along with the anteroposterior axis of the ES. The gender differences in the above parameters were further evaluated by an independentt-test.

Results

The width of the ES for males is 12.0 ± 2.1 mm, which was significantly greater than that in females (10.0 ± 2.1 mm). The average height for males is 18.4 ± 3.5 mm, and 18.2 ± 3.4 mm for females. The AR of female (male) is around 0.56 (0.63) for the anterior ES and 0.66 (0.75) for the posterior. There are significant differences between genders in the parameters of width and AR (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

This study found that the aspect ratio greatly varies along the length of ES, indicating that the cross-section of the ES in the anterior is closer to an elliptical shape and turns closer to a circular shape near its posterior. There is a significant difference between genders in width and aspect ratio. The results would be helpful to know the complex anatomic details of the ethmoid sinus.
Early detection of pancreatic cancer by liquid biopsy “PANLIPSY”: a french nation-wide study project
Authors: Bardol Thomas , Dujon Antoine M. , Taly Valerie , Dunyach-Remy Catherine , Lavigne Jean-Philippe , Costa-Silva Bruno , Kurma Keerthi , Eslami-S Zahra , Cayrefourcq Laure , Canivet Cindy , Muscari Fabrice , Bournet Barbara , Alix-Panabières Catherine
Published: June 2024

Background

Pancreatic cancer, predominantly characterized by ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for 90% of cases and is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Its incidence is notably increasing. This poor prognosis is primarily due to late-stage diagnosis (approximately 70% to 80% of patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage), aggressive tumor biology, and low sensitivity to chemotherapy. Consequently, it is crucial to identify and develop a simple, feasible and reproducible blood-based signature (i.e., combination of biomarkers) for early detection of PDAC.

Methods

The PANLIPSY study is a multi-center, non-interventional prospective clinical trial designed to achieve early detection of PDAC with high specificity and sensitivity, using a combinatorial approach in blood samples. These samples are collected from patients with resectable, borderline or locally advanced, and metastatic stage PDAC within the framework of the French Biological and Clinical Database for PDAC cohort (BACAP 2). All partners of the BACAP consortium are eligible to participate. The study will include 215 PDAC patients, plus 25 patients with benign pancreatic conditions from the PAncreatic Disease Cohort of TOuLouse (PACTOL) cohort, and 115 healthy controls, totaling 355 individuals. Circulating biomarkers will be collected in a total volume of 50 mL of blood, divided into one CellSave tube (10 mL), two CELL-FREE DNA BCT® preservative tubes (18 mL), and five EDTA tubes (22 mL in total). Samples preparation will adhere to the guidelines of the European Liquid Biopsy Society (ELBS). A unique feature of the study is the AI-based comparison of these complementary liquid biopsy biomarkers.

Main end-points: i) to define a liquid biopsy signature that includes the most relevant circulating biomarkers, ii) to validate the multi-marker panel in an independent cohort of healthy controls and patients, with resectable PDAC, and iii) to establish a unique liquid biopsy biobank for PDAC study.

Discussion

The PANLIPSY study is a unique prospective non-interventional clinical trial that brings together liquid biopsy experts. The aim is to develop a biological signature for the early detection of PDAC based on AI-assisted detection of circulating biomarkers in blood samples (CTCs, ctDNA, EVs, circulating immune system, circulating cell-free nucleosomes, proteins, and microbiota).

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06128343 / NCT05824403. Registration dates: June 8,2023 and April 21, 2023.
The incidence risk of gynecological cancer by antipsychotic use: a meta-analysis of 50,402 patients
Authors: de Moraes Francisco Cezar Aquino , Sudo Renan Yuji Ura , Souza Maria Eduarda Cavalcanti , Fernandes Marianne Rodrigues , dos Santos Ney Pereira Carneiro
Published: June 2024

Background

Female gynecological cancers represent a serious public health problem, with 1,398,601 new diagnoses and 671,875 deaths per year worldwide. Antipsychotics are often used in psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression. It is estimated that the prescription of these drugs is linked to 1,800 deaths a year in the United States, but their association with cancer remains controversial.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies reporting the correlation in the incidence risk of gynecological cancer by antipsychotic use. We used DerSimonian and Laird random-effect models to compute logit transformed odds ratio (OR) for the primary binary endpoint with 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed through effect size width along with I-squared and Tau-squared statistics. Review Manager 5.4.1. was used for statistical analyses. A p-value of < 0.05 denoted statistically significant.

Results

50,402 patients were included, of whom 778 (1,54%) took antipsychotic medication for at least 1 year. 1,086 (2,15%) with ovarian cancer and 49,316 (97,85%) with endometrial cancer. Antipsychotic use (OR 1.50; 1.06 to 2.13 95% CI; p-value 0.02), hypertension (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.13; p-value < 0.01), nulliparity (OR 1.98; 95% CI 1.53 to 2.57; p-value < 0.01) and multiparity (OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.69; p-value < 0.01) showed significantly different distributions between groups of cancer and cancer-free patients. The primary endpoint of incidence risk of gynecological cancer by antipsychotic therapy showed a statistically significant difference (OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.02 to 2.73; p-value < 0.05) against the use of antipsychotic drugs.

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis showed that the use of antipsychotic drugs increases the risk of gynecological cancers, particularly endometrial cancer. This result should be weighed against the potential effects of treatment for a balanced prescribing decision.
Associations of retinal microvascular alterations with diabetes mellitus: an OCTA-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Yao Yao , Wang Qian , Yang Jingyan , Yan Yanni , Wei Wenbin
Published: June 2024

Background

Diabetes, a health crisis afflicting millions worldwide, is increasing rapidly in prevalence. The microvascular complications triggered by diabetes have emerged as the principal cause of renal disease and blindness. The retinal microvascular network may be sensitive to early systemic vascular structural and functional changes. Therefore, this research endeavored to discern the systemic determinants influencing the retinal microvascular network in patients with and without diabetes.

Methods

The Kailuan Eye Study is a cross-sectional study based on the community-based cohort Kailuan Study. Participants underwent optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) (Zeiss Cirrus 5000; Carl Zeiss Meditec) and comprehensive systemic examination. Metrics such as perfusion density (PD), vascular density (VD), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) in the macula were assessed.

Results

This study included 860 eligible participants (average age = 62.75 ± 6.52 years; 21.9% female), of which 449 were diabetics. People with diabetes had diminished PD and VD in the entire macular and parafoveal regions compared to people without diabetes. Reduced PD in the whole macular region was correlated with higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG, mmol/L) concentration (Beta = -0.19, 95% CI = -0.42 to -0.36, P < 0.001), longer axial length (AL, mm) (Beta = -0.13, 95%CI = -0.48 to -0.25, P = 0.002), and elevated heart rate (Beta = -0.10, 95%CI = -0.14 to -0.19, P = 0.014), after adjusting for younger age (Beta = -0.18, 95%CI = -0.24 to -0.35, P < 0.001), consistent with VD of the whole macular region. A higher FPG level was significantly correlated with lower SCP density of both PD and VD in the macular and parafoveal region (P < 0.05 for all), as well as increased systolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (P < 0.01 for all).

Conclusions

In this large-sample cross-sectional study, OCTA evaluation revealed that high prevalence of diabetes and elevated FPG levels were correlated with reduced retinal VD and PD. Hypertension and hyperlipidemia are important risk factors for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease but have no significant effect on retinal microvascular abnormalities.
Movement behaviour typologies and their associations with adiposity indicators in children and adolescents: a latent profile analysis of 24-h compositional data
Authors: Janda David , Gába Aleš , Hron Karel , Arundell Lauren , Contardo Ayala Ana Maria
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Growing evidence supports the important role of 24-hour movement behaviours (MB) in preventing childhood obesity. However, research to understand the heterogeneity and variability of MB among individuals and what kind of typologies of individuals are at risk of developing obesity is lacking. To bridge this gap, this study identified typologies of 24-hour MB in children and adolescents and investigated their associations with adiposity indicators.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 374 children and 317 adolescents from the Czech Republic wore wrist-worn accelerometers for seven consecutive days. Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and sleep was quantified using raw accelerometery data. Adiposity indicators included body mass index (BMI) z-score, fat mass percentage (FM%), fat mass index (FMI), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Bias-adjusted latent profile analysis was used on the 24-hour MB data to identify MB typologies and their associations with adiposity indicators. The models were adjusted for potential confounders. The identified typologies were labelled to reflect the behavioural profiles of bees to aid interpretability for the general public.

Results

Two typologies were identified in children: highly active Workers characterised by high levels of MVPA and LPA, and inactive Queens characterised by low levels of MVPA and LPA, high levels of SB and longer sleep duration compared to Workers. In adolescents, an additional typology labelled as Drones was characterised by median levels of MVPA, LPA, SB and longest sleep duration. After controlling for covariates, we found that children labelled as Queens were associated with 1.38 times higher FM%, 1.43 times higher FMI, and 1.67 times higher VAT than Workers. In adolescents, Drones had 1.14 times higher FM% and Queens had 1.36 higher VAT in comparison with Workers, respectively.

Conclusion

Our study highlights the importance of promoting active lifestyles in children and adolescents to potentially reduce adiposity. These findings can provide insights for interventions aimed at promoting healthy MB and preventing childhood obesity.

Graphical Abstract
Unraveling agricultural water pollution despite an ecological policy in the Ayeyarwady Basin
Authors: Banda Lazarus Obed Livingstone , Banda Chigonjetso Victoria , Banda Jane Thokozani , Mwaene Eretia , Munthali George N. Chidimbah , Hlaing Thin Thin , Chiwosi Blessings
Published: June 2024

Background

The Ayeyarwady Basin in Myanmar, a critical economic zone, faces severe ecological degradation due to unsustainable agricultural practices. These practices pose significant threats to human health and marine biodiversity. Environmental threats persist despite the Myanmar government’s efforts to implement biodiversity protection policies. This research explores the limited compliance with environmental protection policies among farmers in the Ayeyarwady Basin and its implications for sustainable agricultural practices and ecological conservation.

Methods

This research employs an exploratory phenomenological approach, utilizing semi-structured, in-depth interviews with government officials and farmers (N = 30). The data collected were subjected to thematic analysis using Atlas 23.

Results

Preliminary findings reveal a gap in farmers’ awareness and understanding of these policies, hindered by insufficient financing, poor communication infrastructure, and uncoordinated policy monitoring. These factors and existing unrest contribute to a top-down policy approach that neglects frontline stakeholders. The study suggests the need for clear stakeholder roles, adequate policy financing, and diverse communication strategies to effectively implement environmental policies and protect human and marine life.

Conclusions

Environmental policy shortcomings in Myanmar are attributable to governmental oversight and insufficient stakeholder engagement. To mitigate pollution and safeguard river basin ecosystems, the government must delineate stakeholder responsibilities, allocate appropriate policy funding, and adopt varied communication approaches with farmers.

Graphical Abstract
Risk factor analysis and establishment of a nomogram model to predict blood loss during total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Liu Yikai , Ai Jiangshan , Teng Xue , Huang Zhenchao , Wu Haoshen , Zhang Zian , Wang Wenzhe , Liu Chang , Zhang Haining
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The risk factors for excessive blood loss and transfusion during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remain unclear. The present study aimed to determine the risk factors for excessive blood loss and establish a predictive model for postoperative blood transfusion.

Methods

This retrospective study included 329 patients received TKA, who were randomly assigned to a training set (n = 229) or a test set (n = 100). Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to determine risk factors for excessive blood loss. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine risk factors for blood transfusion. R software was used to establish the prediction model. The accuracy and stability of the models were evaluated using calibration curves, consistency indices, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

Risk factors for excessive blood loss included timing of using a tourniquet, the use of drainage, preoperative ESR, fibrinogen, HCT, ALB, and free fatty acid levels. Predictors in the nomogram included timing of using a tourniquet, the use of drainage, the use of TXA, preoperative ESR, HCT, and albumin levels. The area under the ROC curve was 0.855 (95% CI, 0.800 to 0.910) for the training set and 0.824 (95% CI, 0.740 to 0.909) for the test set. The consistency index values for the training and test sets were 0.855 and 0.824, respectively.

Conclusions

Risk factors for excessive blood loss during and after TKA were determined, and a satisfactory and reliable nomogram model was designed to predict the risk for postoperative blood transfusion.
Mechanical properties of combined packable and high-filled flowable composite used for the fixed retainer: an in vitro study
Authors: Alamdarloo Yasaman , Mosaddad Seyed Ali , Golfeshan Farzaneh
Published: June 2024

Background

Clinicians often utilize both flowable and packable composites concurrently in bonding fixed retainers. Thus, this study aimed to assess the synergistic effect of these composites in the bonding process.

Methods

This in vitro study divided specimens into three groups: flowable composite (nano-hybrid, Tetric N-Flow, Ivoclar Vivadent), packable composite (nano-hybrid, Tetric N-ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent), and combined use of flowable and packable composite. Shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant index (ARI), and wire pull-out resistance were compared among the groups. Statistical analyses were conducted using ANOVA and Tukey tests to compare study groups. Additionally, Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed to analyze the ARI index among the groups.

Results

ANOVA results indicated no statistically significant differences among test groups (P = 0.129) regarding SBS. However, a significant difference existed between flowable and packable composite groups (P = 0.01) regarding ARI scores. Among the study groups, flowable composite exhibited the highest frequencies of ARI scores of 1 and 2, whereas packable composite showed the highest frequency of ARI scores of 0. The combined group had higher frequencies of ARI scores of 0 and 1 compared to the flowable composite. The wire pull-out test revealed that the combined application of flowable and packable composite resulted in significantly lower detachments compared to the packable composite alone (P = 0.008). However, no significant differences were observed in the comparisons between the flowable-packable (P = 0.522) and combined-flowable (P = 0.128) groups.

Conclusion

The combined use of flowable and packable composites for fixed retainers demonstrated adequate shear bond strength and ideal ARI scores, suggesting it as a suitable adhesive system for bonding orthodontic fixed retainers.
Challenges in recognizing and discussing changes in a resident’s condition in the palliative phase: focus group discussions with nursing staff working in nursing homes about their experiences
Authors: Bagchus C. , Zee M. S. , van der Steen J. T , Klapwijk M. S. , Dekker N. Lemos , Onwuteaka-Philipsen B. D. , Pasman H. R. W.
Published: June 2024

Background

Most nursing home residents have complex care needs, require palliative care and eventually die in these facilities. Timely recognition of changes in a resident’s condition is crucial for providing appropriate care. Observations by nursing staff play a significant role in identifying and interpreting these changes.

Methods

Focus group discussions were conducted with nursing staff from ten nursing homes in the Netherlands to explore their experiences and challenges in recognizing and discussing changes in a resident’s condition. These discussions were analysed following the principles of thematic analysis.

Results

The analysis of the challenges nursing staff face in identifying and interpreting changes in a resident’s condition, resulted in three themes. First, that recognizing changes is considered complex, because it requires specialized knowledge and skills that is generally not part of their education and must partly be learned in practice. This also depends on how familiar the nursing staff is with the resident. Furthermore, different people observe residents through different lenses, depending on their relation and experiences with residents. This could lead to disagreements about the resident’s condition. Lastly, organizational structures such as the resources available to document and discuss a resident’s condition and the hierarchy between nursing home professionals often hindered discussions and sharing observations.

Conclusion

Nursing staff’s experiences highlight the complexity of recognizing and discussing changes in nursing home residents’ conditions. While supporting the observational skills of nursing staff is important, it is not enough to improve the quality of care for nursing home residents with palliative care needs. As nursing staff experiences challenges at different, interrelated levels, improving the process of recognizing and discussing changes in nursing home residents requires an integrated approach in which the organization strengthens the position of nursing staff. It is important that their observations become a valued and integrated and part of nursing home care.