bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perception of Tourism Impact and Support Tourism Development in Terengganu, Malaysia
Authors: Afthanorhan Asyraf , Awang Zainudin , Fazella Sharifah
Published: September 2017

(1) Background: Tourism is a prominent industry with the capability to generate income for developed as well as developing countries. However, studies are still lacking, particularly those specifically investigating the perception of local residents towards tourism. The perception of the locals is important, since it could determine the extent of their support for tourism development. In addition, previous research has found that male residents are more supportive towards tourism development. Therefore, this factor is adapted in this study to additionally examine whether gender may influence the tourism industry. (2) Methods: This study used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique for determining the structural estimates between constructs. (3) Results: The respondents agree that positive perception, negative perception and tourism impact have a significant impact on support for tourism development, which has been recognized as a Social Exchange Theory model. Moreover, the findings also reveal that gender has the potential to moderate the causal effects of tourism impact on tourism development. (4) Conclusion: The residents understand the tourism sector could strengthen the national economy, but they also want natural resources to be protected.
Images of Stakeholder Groups Based on Their Environmental Sustainability Linked CSR Projects: A Meta-Analytic Review of Korean Sport Literature
Authors: Kim Hyun-Duck
Published: September 2017

Achieving sustainability in sports events requires effective management, political leadership, and ensuring that all stakeholders adhere to a sustainable philosophy. In order to stage a mega-event, tremendous infrastructure and construction are required with significant consumption of private and public resources. Multiple stakeholder groups are recognized as key entities responsible for an efficient trigger of a mega-event. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review of Korean sport literature with regard to CSR practices (ES-linked) of different stakeholder groups and examine through a meta-analytic methodology their impact on the “images” of these groups. The CMA program was utilized as the main analysis tool to calculate the effect sizes from the selected empirical studies. The results indicated that CSR performance of governmental organizations had the highest effect size level on their own image (brand identity) as perceived by visitors and participants. Among the stakeholder groups, effect size levels of their CSR performances were followed by those of corporate sponsors and professional teams. It was found that stakeholder groups are pressured to maintain a balance between financial performance, consumer well-being, and brand identity to bring in external investment.
Effect of Inspection Policies and Residual Value of Collected Used Products: A Mathematical Model and Genetic Algorithm for a Closed-Loop Green Manufacturing System
Authors: Song Byung Duk , Ko Young Dae
Published: September 2017

In the green manufacturing system that pursues the reuse of used products, the residual value of collected used products (CUP) hugely affects a variety of managerial decisions to construct profitable and environmental remanufacturing plans. This paper deals with a closed-loop green manufacturing system for companies which perform both manufacturing with raw materials and remanufacturing with collected used products (CUP). The amount of CUP is assumed as a function of buy-back cost while the quality level of CUP, which means the residual value, follows a known distribution. In addition, the remanufacturing cost can differ according to the quality of the CUP. Moreover, nowadays companies are subject to existing environment-related laws such as Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). Therefore, a company should collect more used products than its obligatory take-back quota or face fines from the government for not meeting its quota. Through the development of mathematical models, two kinds of inspection policies are examined to validate the efficiency of two different operation processes. To find a managerial solution, a genetic algorithm is proposed and tested with numerical examples.
An Efficient and Energy-Aware Cloud Consolidation Algorithm for Multimedia Big Data Applications
Authors: Lim JongBeom , Yu HeonChang , Gil Joon-Min
Published: September 2017

It is well known that cloud computing has many potential advantages over traditional distributed systems. Many enterprises can build their own private cloud with open source infrastructure as a service (IaaS) frameworks. Since enterprise applications and data are migrating to private cloud, the performance of cloud computing environments is of utmost importance for both cloud providers and users. To improve the performance, previous studies on cloud consolidation have been focused on live migration of virtual machines based on resource utilization. However, the approaches are not suitable for multimedia big data applications. In this paper, we reveal the performance bottleneck of multimedia big data applications in cloud computing environments and propose a cloud consolidation algorithm that considers application types. We show that our consolidation algorithm outperforms previous approaches.
An Efficient Image Segmentation Algorithm Using Neutrosophic Graph Cut
Authors: Guo Yanhui , Akbulut Yaman , Şengür Abdulkadir , Xia Rong , Smarandache Florentin
Published: September 2017

Segmentation is considered as an important step in image processing and computer vision applications, which divides an input image into various non-overlapping homogenous regions and helps to interpret the image more conveniently. This paper presents an efficient image segmentation algorithm using neutrosophic graph cut (NGC). An image is presented in neutrosophic set, and an indeterminacy filter is constructed using the indeterminacy value of the input image, which is defined by combining the spatial information and intensity information. The indeterminacy filter reduces the indeterminacy of the spatial and intensity information. A graph is defined on the image and the weight for each pixel is represented using the value after indeterminacy filtering. The segmentation results are obtained using a maximum-flow algorithm on the graph. Numerous experiments have been taken to test its performance, and it is compared with a neutrosophic similarity clustering (NSC) segmentation algorithm and a graph-cut-based algorithm. The results indicate that the proposed NGC approach obtains better performances, both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Cobra Venom Factor and Ketoprofen Abolish the Antitumor Effect of Nerve Growth Factor from Cobra Venom
Authors: Osipov Alexey , Terpinskaya Tatiana , Kuznetsova Tatiana , Ryzhkovskaya Elena , Lukashevich Vladimir , Rudnichenko Julia , Ulashchyk Vladimir , Starkov Vladislav , Utkin Yuri
Published: September 2017

We showed recently that nerve growth factor (NGF) from cobra venom inhibited the growth of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) inoculated subcutaneously in mice. Here, we studied the influence of anti-complementary cobra venom factor (CVF) and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen on the antitumor NGF effect, as well as on NGF-induced changes in EAC histological patterns, the activity of lactate and succinate dehydrogenases in tumor cells and the serum level of some cytokines. NGF, CVF and ketoprofen reduced the tumor volume by approximately 72%, 68% and 30%, respectively. The antitumor effect of NGF was accompanied by an increase in the lymphocytic infiltration of the tumor tissue, the level of interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor α in the serum, as well as the activity of lactate and succinate dehydrogenases in tumor cells. Simultaneous administration of NGF with either CVF or ketoprofen abolished the antitumor effect and reduced all other effects of NGF, whereas NGF itself significantly decreased the antitumor action of both CVF and ketoprofen. Thus, the antitumor effect of NGF critically depended on the status of the immune system and was abolished by the disturbance of the complement system; the disturbance of the inflammatory response canceled the antitumor effect as well.
Effect by Alkaline Flocculation of Algae and Phosphorous from Water Using a Calcined Waste Oyster Shell
Authors: Nam Gnu , Choi Young-Hoon , Lee Namju , Ahn Ji
Published: September 2017

Alkaline flocculation has been considered as a potential candidate to remove algae and eutrophic substances from water. A number of researches using low-cost and environmentally friendly methods have been suggested to optimize removal efficiency. In this study, a calcium-containing waste oyster shell, as an environmentally friendly substance, has been used to treat phosphorous, a eutrophic substance, and to remove algae from the fresh water simultaneously. The X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis showed that CaO was a major phase in a raw oyster shell, which played an important role for flocculation of phosphorous as well as algae. In order to eliminate the algae or phosphorous effectively, oyster shell was calcined at 1000 °C and hydrated in water. The slurry of hydrated calcined oyster shell, from 5 g/L to 12.5 g/L, was utilized in this experiment, where the experimental results were compared with that of dolomite. A series of experimental investigations, such as pH and turbidity changes using the water quality analyzer and UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), demonstrated that the algae were efficiently removed. In addition, total phosphorous (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) analyses at different amounts of slurries of the hydrated calcined oyster shell showed that almost all the phosphorous was removed at 7.5 g/L of hydrated oyster shell, but due to the high solubility of nitrogen compounds, no obvious effect for the removal of nitrogen was observed. Furthermore, powder X-ray diffractions (PXRD) showed that Ca(OH)2 compounds were transformed to the phosphate compound, suggesting that the oyster shell caused flocculation by chemically forming with phosphorous ions.
Bivariate Return Period for Design Hyetograph and Relationship with T-Year Design Flood Peak
Authors: De Luca Davide Luciano , Biondi Daniela
Published: September 2017

This study focuses on the return period evaluation for design hyetographs, which is usually estimated by adopting a univariate statistical approach. Joint Return Period (JRP) and copula-based multivariate analysis are used in this work to better define T-year synthetic rainfall patterns which can be used as input for design flood peak estimation by means of hydrological simulation involving rainfall-runoff (RR) models. Specifically, a T-year Design Hyetograph (DH) is assumed to be characterized by its peak H, at the chosen time resolution Δt, and by the total rainfall height W, cumulated on its critical duration dCri, which has been a priori fixed. As stated in technical literature, the choice of the expression for JRP depends on which event is deemed as critical for the investigated system; the most important cases are: (i) all the variables must exceed a certain magnitude to achieve critical conditions; or (ii) at least one variable must be greater than a threshold; or (iii) critical conditions are induced by all the events with a joint Cumulative Density Function (CDF) overcoming an assigned probability threshold. Once the expression for JRP was chosen, the relationship among multivariate T-year design hyetographs and T-year design flood peak was investigated for a basin located in Calabria region (southern Italy). Specifically, for the selected case study, a summary diagram was obtained as final result, which allows the main characteristics of T-year DHs to be estimated, considering both the univariate and the copula based multivariate analysis, and the associated T-year design flood peaks obtained through the simulation with a RR model.
Accessing simply-substituted 4-hydroxytetrahydroisoquinolines via Pomeranz–Fritsch–Bobbitt reaction with non-activated and moderately-activated systems
Authors: Mottinelli Marco , Leese Mathew P , Potter Barry V L
Published: September 2017

Background: 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) are common motifs in alkaloids and in medicinal chemistry. Synthetic access to THIQs via the Pomeranz–Fritsch–Bobbit (PFB) methodology using mineral acids for deactivated, electron-poor aromatic systems, is scarcely represented in the literature. Here, the factors controlling the regiochemical outcome of cyclization are evaluated.

Results: A double reductive alkylation was telescoped into a one-pot reaction delivering good to excellent yields of desired aminoacetals for cyclization. Cyclization of activated systems proceeded smoothly under standard PFB conditions, but for non-activated systems the use of HClO4 alone was effective. When cyclization was possible in both para- and ortho-positions to the substituent, 7-substituted derivatives were formed with significant amounts of 5-substituted byproduct. The formation of the 4-hydroxy-THIQs vs the 4-methoxy-THIQ products could be controlled through modification of the reaction concentration. In addition, while a highly-activated system exclusively cyclized to the indole, this seems generally highly disfavored. When competition between 6- and 7-ring formation was investigated in non-activated systems, 5,7,8,13-tetrahydro-6,13-methanodibenzo[c,f]azonine was exclusively obtained. Furthermore, selective ring closure in the para-position could be achieved under standard PFB conditions, while a double ring closure could be obtained utilizing HClO4.

Conclusion: Reactivity differences in aminoacetal precursors can be employed to control cyclization using the PFB methodology. It is now possible to select confidently the right conditions for the synthesis of N-aryl-4-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines.
Classification of Surface Temperature for the Flexible Pavement Design
Authors: Kleizienė Rita , Vaitkus Audrius , Židanavičiūtė Jurgita , Marcinkevičius Evaldas
Published: September 2017

Surface temperature significantly affects the asphalt layers modulus and entire pavement structure response to vehicles traffic loading. Because of the rheological properties of bitumen binders, the asphalt performs similarly to temperature-susceptible visco-elastic materials. The historical temperature data of local regions is necessary to design sustainable pavement structures. Likewise, the layers’ material mechanical properties determined at specific temperatures is essential for proper design too. This paper presents an analysis of pavement surface temperature classification results. Data analysis covers temperature data from the Road Weather Information Stations from the past ten years. An analysis of various temperature profile forecast methods is presented, followed by a review of recent research on the impact of temperature and cause of failure. Particular emphasis is laid on sorting the qualitative temperature data. The complete linkage clustering method had been used for establishing the most similar pairs for classification. Accordingly, the territory of Lithuania was divided into three main regions with different pavement temperature distributions for each temperature interval. Temperature classification along these lines enables pavement responses to be estimated over the pavement design life.
Bartonella spp. and hematological changes in privately owned domestic cats from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Souza Aline Moreira , Almosny Nadia Regina Pereira , Favacho Alexsandra Rodrigues Mendonça , Almeida Daniele Nunes Pereira , Ferreira Renata Fernandes , Ferreira Eliane Oliveira , Moreira Namir Santos , Lemos Elba Regina Sampaio
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Bartonella infection in cats can represent a risk to owners, particularly today when considering the increase in cat populations and their role in human bartonellosis epidemiology. In the present study, we aimed to detect Bartonella spp. in blood samples from 163 asymptomatic privately-owned cats from the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil by using a conventional PCR test and also to evaluate the association between Bartonella spp. and hematological changes in positive cats.

Methodology: PCR assays were performed targeting the Bartonella spp heat shock protein (htrA) gene and complete blood counts were also performed in all samples. Positive PCR samples were confirmed by the presence of two genes, citrate synthase (gltA) and RNA polymerase beta-subunit-encoding (rpoB).

Results: A total of 74.85% (122/163) of the tested cats were positive for Bartonella spp and partial sequencing confirmed to be B. henselae. All hematological findings from the 163 cats tested (PCR-positive and negative), presented normal limits.

Conclusions: This study demonstrates that B. henselae is present in almost 75% asymptomatic privately-owned domestic cats in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Our results also show that hematological findings in Bartonella spp. infected cats are uncommon. In this scenario, the use of PCR as a diagnostic tool in feline Bartonella infections should be considered. Finally, these results also demonstrate the potential risk of Bartonella spp. infection in the human population of the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.
Le trait unique – einziger Zug – chez Freud
Authors: Guelouët-Thabet Yamina
Published: September 2017

Dans un contexte de bouleversements sociaux provoqués par l’imminence du conflit mondial de 1914, contexte propice aux formations en foule, l’intérêt de Freud pour les questions de société, déjà manifesté dans Totem et tabou, se trouva fort aiguisé. Poursuivant sa réflexion sur ce sujet, il entreprend de donner une base psychanalytique à la psychologie des foules. Pour ce, il va recourir au processus de l’identification pour en élaborer le concept et aboutir à la découverte de l’einziger Zug, le trait unique identificatoire, qui va révéler sa fonction opératoire au sein de la foule, miroir grossissant de ce qui advient à l’échelle individuelle.
Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis Prophylaxis After Elective Upper Extremity Surgery
Authors: Sindhu Kunal K. , Cohen Brian , Blood Travis , Gil Joseph A. , Owens Brett
Published: September 2017

Historically, upper extremity deep venous thromboses (DVTs) have been rare; however, their incidence has increased as awareness has increased. Patients who develop upper extremity DVTs often have multiple comorbidities. However, in the past decade, studies have found a small risk of upper extremity DVTs associated with orthopedic procedures involving the upper extremity. The risk of complications following a DVT, including postthrombotic syndrome and pulmonary embolism, is substantially higher with a DVT of the upper extremity compared with a DVT of the lower extremity. Furthermore, there is no consensus regarding the role and efficacy of prophylactic measures in preventing upper extremity DVT after upper extremity surgery. This article discusses the use of prophylactic agents after elective upper extremity surgery, with an emphasis on the efficacy of commonly used interventions. [
Orthopedics.
2018; 41(1):21–27.]
Predictors of Persistence and Success in an Accelerated Online RN-to-BSN Program
Authors: Cipher Daisha Jane , Mancini Mary E. , Shrestha Sachin
Published: September 2017

Background:

To meet the increasing demand for RNs to further their education, many colleges of nursing have developed RN-to-baccalaureate nursing (BSN) programs, many of which are delivered online. A better understanding of the demographic and academic characteristics and outcomes of individuals enrolled in online RN-to-BSN programs is needed.

Method:

This article reports a retrospective predictive analysis of 9,567 students enrolled in an online RN-to-BSN program. Outcome variables examined were graduation, timely graduation, and discontinuation.

Results:

Younger students who received financial aid and had a previous baccalaureate degree reflected the demographic profile associated with the highest likelihood of graduating and graduating sooner. Fewer failed and withdrawn courses also predicted graduation and retention.

Conclusion:

Implications of these findings are that when online programs are designed with persistence in mind, progression to graduation in such programs can be consistent with national benchmarks. The creation of an early identification process for at-risk students would have the potential to enhance educational outcomes even further. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(9):522–526.]
Evidence-Based Practice in Clinical Nursing Education: A Scoping Review
Authors: Fiset Valerie J. , Graham Ian D. , Davies Barbara L.
Published: September 2017

Background:

Nursing students require education that integrates evidence-based practice (EBP) knowledge across classroom and clinical settings. This study was conducted to identify and examine the literature related to nursing students' use of evidence in clinical education and to identify associated research gaps.

Method:

A scoping review describing the extent, range, and nature of the research activity focused on students' use of evidence in clinical education.

Results:

Included studies (
N
= 37) describe the barriers and facilitators to nursing students' EBP and describe the evaluation of strategies that support nursing students' engagement in EBP. Most commonly identified barriers include a lack of knowledge and skills for EBP; negative attitudes toward EBP in students, faculty, and nurses; and lack of support in the clinical setting. Evaluated strategies included educational sessions and EBP projects, either alone or in combination, as well as other stand-alone interventions. All but two of the intervention studies reported positive subjective or objective outcomes.

Conclusion:

On the basis of these results, educators can engage in combined educational strategies that focus on addressing described barriers. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(9):534–541.]
XMAIL
Authors: Aiken Milam , Motiwalla Luvai F.
Published: September 2017

Electronic Mail Systems (EMSs) have been a boon to organizational productivity and yet, EMS users may suffer from problems of electronic junk mail, information overflow, and disrupted communication flows. Intelligent EMSs, or Knowledge- based Message Systems (KMSs), enhance electronic mail in organizations by automatically selecting mail addressees, managing incoming mail, and routing messages, among other functions. This paper describes the benefits of this new technology and presents a prototype KMS called XMAIL (eXpert MAIL) developed at the University of Mississippi which is specifically designed for microcomputer systems on a Local Area Network. A scenario using XMAIL demonstrates the usefulness of the prototype and new technology.
Aligned Magnetic Field Effect on Radiative Bioconvection Flow Past a Vertical Plate with Thermophoresis and Brownian Motion
Authors: Avinash K. , Sandeep N. , Makinde Oluwole Daniel , Animasaun Isaac Lare
Published: September 2017

This study covers a numerical investigation of gyrotactic microorganisms contained MHD flow over a vertical plate bearing thermal radiation, thermophoresis, Brownian motion, chemical reaction and inclined magnetic field effects. With the assistance of similarity transforms, the derived governed equations are transformed as set of ODEs and solved numerically by R-K and Newton’s methods. Graphs are exhibited and explained for various parameters of interest. For engineering interest, we mainly talked about the Skin friction coefficient, reduced Sherwood, Nusselt numbers and density of motile microorganisms. We noticed a rise in the heat transfer rate of motile microorganisms for rising values of the thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters. Increasing values of the aligned angle hikes the drag force.
Thermal Radiation Effect on 3D Slip Motion of Alcu-Water and Cu-Water Nanofluids over a Variable Thickness Stretched Surface
Authors: Krishna P. Mohan , Sandeep N. , Sharma Ram Prakash , Makinde Oluwole Daniel
Published: September 2017

The current paper covers the examination of 3D nanofluid motion over a slendering expanding sheet under the influence of slip effect and thermal radiation. In this study, we considered the Cu-water and Al50Cu50-water nanofluids over a non-uniform thickness expanding sheet. With the help of similitude transformations, we changed the derived governed equations as ordinary differential equations. The mathematical outcomes determined by using Runge-Kutta and Newton’s methods. We reveal and interpret the graphs for different parameters of interest. We discussed the skin friction coefficient and reduced Nusselt number at different pertinent parameters. Results shown that the rate of heat transfer is higher in Al50Cu50-water nanofluid when compared with Cu-water nanofluid.
Effect of Convective Boundary Condition on MHD Carreau Dusty Fluid over a Stretching Sheet with Heat Source
Authors: Mamatha S.U. , Mahesha  , Raju Chakravarthula S.K. , Makinde Oluwole Daniel
Published: September 2017

The underlying intention of the present study is to analyze the steady incompressible magneto hydrodynamic Carreau Dusty fluid over a stretching sheet with exponentially decaying heat source. Convective conditions are considered to control the thermal boundary layer. Similarity transformations were used to convert partial differential equations (PDEs) to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (NODEs) which are solved numerically by employing Runge-Kutta with Newton’s technique. The effect of pertinent parameters on velocity and temperature profiles of both fluid and dust phase within the boundary layer has been studied by considering various values of controlling parameters. In addition, skin friction coefficient and reduced heat transfer coefficient have been examined for various values of the governing parameters. It is observed that the rate of heat transfer depreciates with space dependent heat generation and enhanced with the existing convective condition.
Analysis of Blasius Flow of Hybrid Nanofluids over a Convectively Heated Surface
Authors: Olatundun Abdulyaqin Taslimah , Makinde Oluwole Daniel
Published: September 2017

This article explores the problem of Blasius flow of water based hybrid nanofluid containing Al2O3 and Cu as nanoparticles over a convectively heated surface. Five different geometries of nanoparticles shape viz spherical, bricks, cylindrical, platelets and blades are considered in our analysis. The nonlinear model equations are obtained and tackled numerically using shooting method coupled with Runge-Kutta Fehlberg numerical scheme. The effects of nanoparticle shapes and other relevant thermophysical parameters on fluid velocity, temperature, skin friction and Nusselt number are discussed with the help of computational illustrations. The result for skin friction coefficient is compared with already existing results in the literature and excellent agreement was obtained. It is found that the heat transfer rate of hybrid nanofluid (Cu-Al2O3/Water) is higher than that of nanofluid (Al2O3/Water) and the Nusselt number increment for blade shaped nanoparticles is the highest as compared to that of platelet, cylindrical, brick and spherical shaped nanoparticles.
Effects of Nonlinear Thermal Radiation and Second Order Slip on Casson Nanofluid Flow between Parallel Plates
Authors: Shashikumar N.S. , Archana M. , Prasannakumara B.C. , Gireesha Bijjanal Jayanna , Makinde Oluwole Daniel
Published: September 2017

Mathematical modeling to study the effect of nonlinear thermal radiation on Casson nanofluid flow between parallel plates is established. Second order velocity slip condition is implemented at the boundary of the lower plate. An appropriate transformation is applied to alter the PDEs into ODEs and then tackled numerically by employing RKF-45. The consequence of several prevailed parameters on the Casson nanoliquid velocity components, temperature and concentration fields are portrayed graphically and deliberated in detail. Velocity component decreases near the region of lower plate while it increases along the upper plate region for magnetic and slip parameter whereas opposite behavior is obtained for the Casson parameter for the same component.
The globalising effect of commercialisation and commodification in African theological education
Authors: Naidoo Marilyn
Published: September 2017

The reality of globalisation is that it has knitted the world into a single time and place and has introduced the dominant force of consumerism. In adopting this framework, it has frayed the moral fabric of theological education and has short changed students who are configured as consumers to please rather than characters to build. While the demographic centre of faith has shifted southward, its ways of thinking and engaging culture have not yet caught up with that shift. Global interconnectedness and the globalisation of knowledge together with homogenisation forces have shaped African theological education to the extent that it has absorbed the almost irreversible traits of the West. This paper highlights how transnational cultural forms have profoundly impacted the production of theological education and will attempt a response to the homogenising forces by the focus of African identity.
Арифметические кольца и размерность Крулля
Authors: Tuganbaev Askar
Published: September 2017

Пусть $A$ - коммутативное арифметическое кольцо. Кольцо $A$ обладает размерностью Крулля в точности тогда, когда каждое фактор-кольцо кольца $A$ конечномерно и не имеет идемпотентных собственных существенных идеалов.
О строении орграфов полиномиальных преобразований над конечными коммутативными кольцами с единицей
Authors: Viktorenkov V E
Published: September 2017

В работе приводится описание структурных характеристик орграфа произвольного полиномиального преобразования конечного коммутативного кольца с единицей. Предложена классификация вершин орграфа: описаны циклические элементы, начальные элементы и точки ветвления. Получены количественные результаты о данных объектах и длинах подходов к циклам. Кроме того, установлено наличие у полиномиальных преобразований циклов, длины которых совпадают с длинами циклов индуцированного полиномиального преобразования над полем $R/\Re$, где $\Re$ - радикал конечного коммутативного локального кольца $R$.
Способ редукции графов и его приложения
Authors: Sirotkin Dmitrii Valer'evich , Malyshev Dmitriy Sergeevich
Published: September 2017

Задача о независимом множестве для заданного обыкновенного графа состоит в вычислении размера наибольшего множества его попарно несмежных вершин. Предлагается новый способ редукции графов. С его помощью получено новое доказательство NP-полноты задачи о независимом множестве в классе планарных графов и доказана NP-полнота данной задачи в классе плоских графов, имеющих только треугольные внутренние грани, с максимальной степенью вершин 18.
Закон квадратного корня в задаче выявления вкраплений в цепях Маркова с неизвестной матрицей переходных вероятностей
Authors: Volgin Artem Vladimirovich
Published: September 2017

Рассматривается классическая модель вкраплений в простую двоичную цепь Маркова с неизвестной матрицей переходных вероятностей. Найдены асимптотические соотношения между длиной отрезка исходной последовательности и объемом вкраплений, при которых предложенный статистический критерий состоятелен.
Замкнутыe классы полиномов по модулю $p^2$
Authors: Meshchaninov Dmitry Germanovich
Published: September 2017

Описываются все замкнутые классы реализуемых полиномами над кольцом ${\mathbb Z}_{p^2}$ функций $p^2$-значной логики (число $p$ простое), содержащие все линейные функции. Множество всех таких классов оказалось счетным. Построена их решетка по отношению включения.
Асимптотическое поведение функций числа простых делителей $\Omega(k; n)$ и $\omega(k; n)$
Authors: Shubin Andrey Vitalievich
Published: September 2017

В статье изучаются средние оценки числовых функций $\Omega(k; n)$ и $\omega(k; n)$, связанные с количеством простых делителей заданного числа с ограничением кратности.
О свойствах выходной последовательности мультициклического генератора над прямой суммой групп вычетов по модулю 2
Authors: Mezhennaya Natalia Mikhailovna , Mikhailov Vladimir Gavrilovich
Published: September 2017

Выведена формула для частот знаков в выходной последовательности мультициклического генератора над прямой суммой групп вычетов по модулю 2. В случае, когда заполнения регистров генератора случайны и равновероятны, а длины регистров стремятся к бесконечности, найдено предельное совместное распределение для этих случайных величин.
Prevalence of Clinical and Subclinical Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Two Remote Rural Communities on the Myanmar–China Border
Authors: Huang Fang , Takala-Harrison Shannon , Liu Hui , Xu Jian-Wei , Yang Heng-Lin , Adams Matthew , Shrestha Biraj , Mbambo Gillian , Rybock Demian , Zhou Shui-Sen , Xia Zhi-Gui , Zhou Xiao-Nong , Plowe Christopher V. , Nyunt Myaing M.
Published: September 2017

Malaria infections may be symptomatic, leading to treatment, or “asymptomatic,” typically detected through active surveillance, and not leading to treatment. Malaria elimination may require purging both types of infection. Using detection methods with different sensitivities, we conducted a cross-sectional study in two rural communities located along the border between China’s Yunnan Province and Myanmar’s Shan and Kachin States, to estimate the prevalence of asymptomatic and symptomatic malaria. In Mong Pawk, all infections detected were asymptomatic, and the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum was 0.3%, 4.3%, 4.0%, and 7.8% by light microscopy, rapid diagnostic test (RDT), conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR), and multiplexed real-time PCR (RT-PCR), respectively, and Plasmodium vivax prevalence was 0% by all detection methods. In Laiza, of 385 asymptomatic participants, 2.3%, 4.4%, and 12.2% were positive for P. vivax by microscopy, cPCR, and RT-PCR, respectively, and 2.3% were P. falciparum-positive only by RT-PCR. Of 34 symptomatic participants in Laiza, 32.4% were P. vivax-positive by all detection methods. Factors associated with infection included gender (males higher than females, P = 0.014), and young age group (5–17 age group compared with others, P = 0.0024). Although the sensitivity of microscopy was adequate to detect symptomatic infections, it missed the vast majority (86.5%) of asymptomatic infections. Although molecular detection methods had no advantage over standard microscopy or RDT diagnosis for clinically apparent infections, malaria elimination along the Myanmar–China border will likely require highly sensitive surveillance tools to identify asymptomatic infections and guide targeted screen-and-treat interventions.
Effects of Boiling Drinking Water on Diarrhea and Pathogen-Specific Infections in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cohen Alasdair , Colford John M.
Published: September 2017

Globally, approximately 2 billion people lack microbiologically safe drinking water. Boiling is the most prevalent household water treatment method, yet evidence of its health impact is limited. To conduct this systematic review, we searched four online databases with no limitations on language or publication date. Studies were eligible if health outcomes were measured for participants who reported consuming boiled and untreated water. We used reported and calculated odds ratios (ORs) and random-effects meta-analysis to estimate pathogen-specific and pooled effects by organism group and nonspecific diarrhea. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed using I2, meta-regression, and funnel plots; study quality was also assessed. Of the 1,998 records identified, 27 met inclusion criteria and reported extractable data. We found evidence of a significant protective effect of boiling for Vibrio cholerae infections (OR = 0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.13–0.79, N = 4 studies), Blastocystis (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.17–0.69, N = 3), protozoal infections overall (pooled OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.43–0.86, N = 11), viral infections overall (pooled OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.7–0.98, N = 4), and nonspecific diarrheal outcomes (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.45–0.77, N = 7). We found no evidence of a protective effect for helminthic infections. Although our study was limited by the use of self-reported boiling and non-experimental designs, the evidence suggests that boiling provides measureable health benefits for pathogens whose transmission routes are primarily water based. Consequently, we believe a randomized controlled trial of boiling adherence and health outcomes is needed.
Human Intestinal Parasite Burden and Poor Sanitation in Rural Alabama
Authors: McKenna Megan L. , McAtee Shannon , Bryan Patricia E. , Jeun Rebecca , Ward Tabitha , Kraus Jacob , Bottazzi Maria E. , Hotez Peter J. , Flowers Catherine C. , Mejia Rojelio
Published: September 2017

Hookworm infection affects 430 million people worldwide, causing iron deficiency, impaired cognitive development, and stunting in children. Because of the environmental conditions needed for the hookworm life-cycle, this parasite is endemic to resource-limited countries. Necator americanus was endemic in the southern United States before improvement of sewage disposal systems and eradication programs. With continued poverty, poor sanitation, and an environment suitable for the hookworm life-cycle in some regions of the southern United States, a current prevalence study using modern molecular diagnostics is warranted. Lowndes County, Alabama, was chosen as the study site given previous high hookworm burdens, degree of poverty, and use of open-sewage systems. Participants were interviewed, and stool, serum, and soil samples were tested for nine intestinal parasites using a multiparallel quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. We found that, among 24 households, 42.4% reported exposure to raw sewage within their home, and from 55 stool samples, 19 (34.5%) tested positive for N. americanus, four (7.3%) for Strongyloides stercoralis, and one (1.8%) for Entamoeba histolytica. Stool tested positive for N. americanus contained low levels of parasite DNA (geometric mean 0.0302 fg/μL). Soil studies detected one (2.9%) Cryptosporidium species, and Toxocara serology assay detected one (5.2%) positive in this population. Individuals living in this high-risk environment within the United States continue to have stool samples positive for N. americanus. Gastrointestinal parasites known to be endemic to developing countries are identifiable in American poverty regions, and areas with lower disease burden are more likely to be identified by using qPCR.
Clinical decisions support malfunctions in a commercial electronic health record
Authors: Yackel Thomas R. , Gorman Paul N. , Dorr David A. , Kassakian Steven Z.
Published: September 2017

Objectives: Determine if clinical decision support (CDS) malfunctions occur in a commercial electronic health record (EHR) system, characterize their pathways and describe methods of detection.

Methods: We retrospectively examined the firing rate for 226 alert type CDS rules for detection of anomalies using both expert visualization and statistical process control (SPC) methods over a five year period. Candidate anomalies were investigated and validated.

Results: Twenty-one candidate CDS anomalies were identified from 8,300 alert-months. Of these candidate anomalies, four were confirmed as CDS malfunctions, eight as false-positives, and nine could not be classified. The four CDS malfunctions were a result of errors in knowledge management: 1) inadvertent addition and removal of a medication code to the electronic formulary list; 2) a seasonal alert which was not activated; 3) a change in the base data structures; and 4) direct editing of an alert related to its medications. 154 CDS rules (68%) were amenable to SPC methods and the test characteristics were calculated as a sensitivity of 95%, positive predictive value of 29% and F-measure 0.44.

Discussion: CDS malfunctions were found to occur in our EHR. All of the pathways for these malfunctions can be described as knowledge management errors. Expert visualization is a robust method of detection, but is resource intensive. SPC-based methods, when applicable, perform reasonably well retrospectively.

Conclusion: CDS anomalies were found to occur in a commercial EHR and visual detection along with SPC analysis represents promising methods of malfunction detection.

Citation: Kassakian SZ, Yackel TR, Gorman PN, Dorr DA. Clinical decisions support malfunctions in a commercial electronic health record. Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8: 910–923 https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2017-01-RA-0006
Arctic lead detection using a waveform mixture algorithm from CryoSat-2 data
Authors: Lee Sanggyun , Kim Hyun-Cheol , Im Jungho
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Arctic sea ice leads play a major role in exchanging heat and momentum between the Arctic atmosphere and ocean as well as in the retrieval of sea ice thickness. Although leads cover only a small portion of the Arctic Ocean, they affect the heat budget in the Arctic region considerably. In this study, we propose a waveform mixture analysis to detect leads, which is novel and different from the existing threshold-based lead detection methods. The waveform mixture analysis adopts the concept of linear mixture analysis that is widely used in the field of hyperspectral image analysis. This lead detection method based on the waveform mixture analysis was evaluated with high resolution (250 m) MODIS images and showed better performance in detecting leads than previous methods. The robustness of the proposed approach also lies in the fact that it does not require the rescaling of parameters, as it directly uses L1B waveform data unlike the existing threshold-based methods. Monthly lead fraction maps derived by the waveform mixture analysis were produced, which show a strong inter-annual variability of recent sea ice cover during 2006–2011 excluding the summer season (i.e., June to September). We also compared the lead fraction maps to other lead fraction maps generated from the literature, resulting in similar spatiotemporal patterns.
Making Burgenland from Western Hungary: Geography and the Politics of Identity in Interwar Austria
Authors: Jankó Ferenc , Jobbitt Steven
Published: September 2017

This study explores the role that geographical knowledge production played in the post-World War I “discovery” of Austrian Burgenland, focusing in particular on the relationship between geographical discourse and the politics of identity formation in the 1920s and 1930s. The primary task is to offer insight into this knowledge-making process by highlighting the discursive strategies employed in a variety of scholarly and popular texts, and by shedding critical light on the various actors and epistemic communities responsible for the imagining of Burgenland from its annexation to Austria in 1921 to the dissolution of the region and its subsequent re-invention as a Greater German border zone after the Nazi Anschluss of 1938. As Jankó and Jobbitt argue, Burgenland’s discovery between the wars was both figurative and literal. Whether the “discoverers” were Austrian or German, national or local, Burgenland was as much a discursive concept as it was a physical reality. Its emergent identity as a region, therefore, much like its actual borders, was fluid and often contested.
Stereotype negation in Frame Semantics
Authors: Andreou Marios
Published: September 2017

In this study, I enquire into word-formation semantics and the way context specifies the reading of derived words. In particular, I use the apparatus of Frame Semantics and offer a treatment of lexical stereotype negation that is expressed in English by the prefixes non- (e.g. nonanswer, noncolor) and un- (e.g. unpolitician, un-diva). In order to account for this phenomenon, I introduce a formal treatment of lexical rules in Frame Semantics, making use of the formalism of attribute-value matrices. I also use corpus-extracted data to enquire into the way context impacts on scope properties. I motivate an analysis under which the “absence” of a characteristic of the base lexeme is treated as a change in the value of an attribute of the base lexeme. The treatment of lexical stereotype negation can advance our understanding of modification in word-formation semantics and lead to a more balanced analysis and understanding of all major categories.
Vrijheid van religie op de werkplaats en het Hof van Justitie: terug naar cuius regio, illius religio?
Authors: Dorssemont Filip
Published: September 2017

Vrijheid van religie op de werkplaats en het Hof van Justitie: terug naar cuius regio, illius religio?

In deze bijdrage worden twee mijlpaalarresten de dato 14 maart 2017 van het Hof van Justitie die betrekking hebben op discriminatie op basis van religie kritisch geanalyseerd. In beide gevallen gaf het dragen van een hoofddoek aanleiding tot het ontslag van een werkneemster. De auteur stelt dat het ontslag van een werkneemster wegens het dragen van een hoofddoek op basis van een algemene regel die uitingen van religieuze, politieke en filosofische overtuigingen verbiedt wel degelijk een directe vorm van discriminatie betreft. Hij betwist dat een beleid van neutraliteit in de onderneming een afdoende legitieme doelstelling vormt die indirecte discriminatie zou rechtvaardigen. De grondslag voor een dergelijke benadering, de in het Handvest van de grondrechten van de Europese Unie opgenomen vrijheid van ondernemerschap, is niet dienstig om een richtlijn die het burgerschap binnen de Europese Unie beschermt, beperkend te interpreteren. Hij bepleit dat rechtvaardigingsgronden voor discriminatie op basis van religie voorzienbaar en kenbaar moeten zijn. Tot slot wordt het gebruik van de redelijke aanpassingen door het Hof van Justitie beschouwd. De auteur meent dat de analyse van het Hof op gespannen voet staat met de rechtspraak van het Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens en een risico in zich draagt van ‘harassment’ van werknemers die naar een plek in ‘backoffice’ worden verbannen.
Analysis of Hydrometeorological Conditions in the South Baltic Sea During the Stormy Weather on 27th November, 2016
Authors: Dyrcz Czesław
Published: September 2017

The paper presents results of research concerning hydrological and meteorological conditions during the stormy weather on 27th November, 2016 in the South Baltic Sea and over the Polish coast. The wind which occurred the South Baltic Sea at that time reached the force of 7 Beaufort degree and in gusts 8 to 9 Beaufort degree. The south part of the Baltic Sea was affected by the low pressure system (981 hPa) which the centre was situated in South Finland and Northwest Russia. Some destroys were observed on the Polish coast line and in ports of the Gdansk Bay. The analysis is concerned on the wind force, the wind direction, the atmospheric pressure and the sea water level in some places of the Polish coast line and especially in the Gdansk Bay.
Anatomia sistemática e ecológica da madeira de Scaevola plumieri L. (Goodeniaceae)
Authors: Melo Júnior João Carlos Ferreira , Silva Maiara Matilde , Arriola Igor Abba , Amorim Maick Wilian , Dirksen Jéssica Stefani , Cabral Rodrigo Dümes Chaves
Published: September 2017

A espécie subarbustiva Scaevola plumieri L. (Goodeniaceae) distribui-se na costa atlântica brasileira desde o Ceará até Santa Catarina, seu limite austral. A anatomia da madeira dessa espécie é descrita apenas para a América do Norte, sendo um hiato em relação ao Brasil. O presente estudo caracteriza a anatomia da madeira da espécie S. plumieri a partir de material botânico proveniente do ambiente de restinga do sul do Brasil. Os caracteres anatômicos mais representativos são: vasos solitários, porosidade difusa, placa de perfuração simples, parênquima axial vasicêntrico escasso, raios heterogêneos formados por células eretas e quadradas. Percebeu-se uma homogeneidade dos caracteres anatômicos qualitativos com aqueles descritos para a América do Norte. Porém, com franca distinção para os atributos quantitativos possivelmente em função das distintas condições ambientais as quais a espécie está submetida, e que indicam a capacidade plástica do lenho dessa espécie.