bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VSEVOLOD MEYERHOLD VE “BÜYÜK TEMİZLİK” DÖNEMİ
Authors: MAMMADOVA Fidan
Published: September 2023

Öz: 20. yüzyılın başlangıcında, birçok alanda olduğu gibi, tiyatroda da köklü bir değişiklikler yaşandı. Tiyatro, oyun yazarı dışında başka bir yaratıcı keşfetti-Yönetmen. Yönetmen, zamanın yeni sanatsal ve estetik araçlarıyla zenginleşen Tiyatronun ana figürüne dönüştü. Zamanının gereklerini yaratıcı bir sezgiyle hisseden ve yeteri kadar iyi bir sanat eseri sunmak isteyen yönetmenler, mesleklerini yeni reformlarla doğruladılar. Bu yönetmenlerden birisi de Vsevolod Emilyevich Meyerhold’dur. 20. yüzyıl Rus tiyatro düşüncesini etkileyen ve sadece etkilemekle kalmayıp, çehresini (aurasını) (görünürlüğünü)de belirleyen yönetmenlerden biridir. Meyerhold, yapımcı (konstrüktivist) sahne düzeni ve biyomekanik oyunculuk anlayışının yaratıcısı, tiyatro yönetmeni, teorisyen, oyuncu ve eğitimci olarak zengin bir yaratıcı mirasa sahiptir. Çalışmada Meyerhold’un yaşamış olduğu dönemde Rus tiyatro sanatına getirdiği yenilikler ve Stali’nin “Büyük temizlik” (Stalin Repressiyası) siyasetine karşı tutumu ve döneminin politik gelişmeleri ilgili yaklaşımı ele alınmıştır.
DİJİTAL İKİZ TEKNOLOJİSİNİN SİNEMAYA YANSIMALARI ve ETİK SORUNLAR
Authors: ŞEYLAN Seher
Published: September 2023

Gelişen teknoloji ile beraber Endüstri 4.0 teknolojileri ile bilinirliği artan dijital ikiz uygulamaları pek çok sektörde sıklıkla kullanır hale gelmiştir. Daha hızlı, esnek, kaliteli ve kişileştirilmiş ürünler sunan dijital ikiz aynı zamanda değerlendirme, tahmine etme, öğrenme, analiz ve geliştirme gibi konularda işletmelere ve kurumlara zaman kazandırarak, hataya payını en aza indirmekte ve kar oranını artırmaktadır. Sağlıktan kamu denetimine, eğitimden ulaşıma, havacılık sektöründen neredeyse tüm mühendislik dallarında kullanılan dijital ikiz görsel işitsel dünyada da kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu hali ile yapay zekânın sinemaya getirdiği yenilikler arasında olan dijital ikizin, sinema sektöründe diğer sektörlere nazaran kullanım oranı hali hazırda çok yüksek olmasa da, sektörde konuya ilişkin tartışmalar yoğunluklu olarak devam etmektedir. Bu makalenin amacı, Endüstri 4.0 ile önemi artan dijital ikiz uygulamasının yaratacağı etik ihlaller tartışılmaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı Netflix platformunda yer alan Blackmirror dizisinin konu ile ilgili John is Awful ve (Ally Pankiw,2023) Beyond the Sea (John Crowley,2023 ) bölümlerinin özel hayatın gizliliğinin korunması hakkı, kişisel verilerin korunması hakkı, dijital mecralarda lekelenmeme hakkı ve toplumsal etik değerlerin ihlali çerçevesinde çözümleyerek literatüre katkı sağlamaktır. İnsanın dijital ikizinin oluşturulmasının pek çok etik sorunu beraberinde getirdiği görülmektedir. Dijital ikiz kavramının ortaya çıkması yeni olmamakla beraber sinema sektörü için kavrama ilişkin bir boşluk bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, dijital ikiz uygulamaları hakkında bilgi verirken, uygulamanın sinemada yer alış biçimi üzerine odaklanan öncü çalışmalar arasındadır.
Overview of angiogenesis and oxidative stress in cancer
Authors: Andriolo Luigi Gaetano , Cammisotto Vittoria , Spagnoli Alessandra , Alunni Fegatelli Danilo , Chicone Michele , Di Rienzo Gaetano , Dell’Anna Vladimiro , Lobreglio Giambattista , Serio Giovanni , Pignatelli Pasquale
Published: September 2023

Neoplasms can be considered as a group of aberrant cells that need more vascular supply to fulfill all their functions. Therefore, they promote angiogenesis through the same neovascularization pathway used physiologically. Angiogenesis is a process characterized by a heterogeneous distribution of oxygen caused by the tumor and oxidative stress; the latter being one of the most powerful stimuli of angiogenesis. As a result of altered tumor metabolism due to hypoxia, acidosis occurs. The angiogenic process and oxidative stress can be detected by measuring serum and tissue biomarkers. The study of the mechanisms underlying angiogenesis and oxidative stress could lead to the identification of new biomarkers, ameliorating the selection of patients with neoplasms and the prediction of their response to possible anti-tumor therapies. In particular, in the treatment of patients with similar clinical tumor phenotypes but different prognoses, the new biomarkers could be useful. Moreover, they may lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying drug resistance. Experimental studies show that blocking the vascular supply results in antiproliferative activity in vivo in neuroendocrine tumor cells, which require a high vascular supply.
History, origin, transmission, genome structure, replication, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19: A review
Authors: Mokhria Rajesh Kumar , Bhardwaj Jitender Kumar , Sanghi Ashwani Kumar
Published: September 2023

Neoplasms can be considered as a group of aberrant cells that need more vascular supply to fulfill all their functions. Therefore, they promote angiogenesis through the same neovascularization pathway used physiologically. Angiogenesis is a process characterized by a heterogeneous distribution of oxygen caused by the tumor and oxidative stress; the latter being one of the most powerful stimuli of angiogenesis. As a result of altered tumor metabolism due to hypoxia, acidosis occurs. The angiogenic process and oxidative stress can be detected by measuring serum and tissue biomarkers. The study of the mechanisms underlying angiogenesis and oxidative stress could lead to the identification of new biomarkers, ameliorating the selection of patients with neoplasms and the prediction of their response to possible anti-tumor therapies. In particular, in the treatment of patients with similar clinical tumor phenotypes but different prognoses, the new biomarkers could be useful. Moreover, they may lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying drug resistance. Experimental studies show that blocking the vascular supply results in antiproliferative activity in vivo in neuroendocrine tumor cells, which require a high vascular supply.
Endoscopic vs radiologic gastrostomy for enteral feeding: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: dos Santos Evellin Souza Valentim , de Oliveira Guilherme Henrique Peixoto , de Moura Diogo Turiani Hourneaux , Hirsch Bruno Salomão , Trasolini Roberto Paolo , Bernardo Wanderley Marques , de Moura Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux
Published: September 2023

Neoplasms can be considered as a group of aberrant cells that need more vascular supply to fulfill all their functions. Therefore, they promote angiogenesis through the same neovascularization pathway used physiologically. Angiogenesis is a process characterized by a heterogeneous distribution of oxygen caused by the tumor and oxidative stress; the latter being one of the most powerful stimuli of angiogenesis. As a result of altered tumor metabolism due to hypoxia, acidosis occurs. The angiogenic process and oxidative stress can be detected by measuring serum and tissue biomarkers. The study of the mechanisms underlying angiogenesis and oxidative stress could lead to the identification of new biomarkers, ameliorating the selection of patients with neoplasms and the prediction of their response to possible anti-tumor therapies. In particular, in the treatment of patients with similar clinical tumor phenotypes but different prognoses, the new biomarkers could be useful. Moreover, they may lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying drug resistance. Experimental studies show that blocking the vascular supply results in antiproliferative activity in vivo in neuroendocrine tumor cells, which require a high vascular supply.
Evidence relating cigarettes, cigars and pipes to cardiovascular disease and stroke: Meta-analysis of recent data from three regions
Authors: Lee Peter Nicholas , Coombs Katharine J , Hamling Jan S
Published: September 2023

Neoplasms can be considered as a group of aberrant cells that need more vascular supply to fulfill all their functions. Therefore, they promote angiogenesis through the same neovascularization pathway used physiologically. Angiogenesis is a process characterized by a heterogeneous distribution of oxygen caused by the tumor and oxidative stress; the latter being one of the most powerful stimuli of angiogenesis. As a result of altered tumor metabolism due to hypoxia, acidosis occurs. The angiogenic process and oxidative stress can be detected by measuring serum and tissue biomarkers. The study of the mechanisms underlying angiogenesis and oxidative stress could lead to the identification of new biomarkers, ameliorating the selection of patients with neoplasms and the prediction of their response to possible anti-tumor therapies. In particular, in the treatment of patients with similar clinical tumor phenotypes but different prognoses, the new biomarkers could be useful. Moreover, they may lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying drug resistance. Experimental studies show that blocking the vascular supply results in antiproliferative activity in vivo in neuroendocrine tumor cells, which require a high vascular supply.
The Aesthetic of Transgression: Love and Limits in the Early Work of James Joyce
Authors: McFadzean Angus
Published: September 2023

Abstract: This essay draws on Georges Bataille's notion of "transgression" to argue for a distinctive "aesthetic of transgression" in Joyce's writing. Bataille theorizes a dialectical transgression where the punishment it calls forth operates as a regulatory force, reinstituting the taboo and apparently cancelling the force of transgression. Joyce initially understands transgression non-dialectically, as the violation of a preexisting taboo punishable by the law, but his early writing gradually overcomes this by developing a dialectical transgression—an act of going beyond the limit that is simultaneously recontained within the limit. Joyce pursues this by thinking through the "allegory of love" he inherits from medieval and early modern poetry. He reconceives the allegory into scenes of incompletely disclosed erotic encounters: they represent acts of transgression and fail to represent them adequately, mystifying transgression even as it is being revealed. Joyce's transition to this more complex understanding of transgression is read into "A Portrait of the Artist," the relationship with Emma in Stephen Hero , and the incompletely disclosed erotic encounter in chapter XXV of Stephen Hero . Some examples are given of how scenes of transgressive sexuality are represented in Ulysses . The persistence of such scenes is used to argue for a distinctive aesthetics of transgression in Joyce's writing.
Dublin in Drag: Costuming and Performing Culture in "Circe"
Authors: Savard Ashley
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Costume and performance have continued to inform our reading of the "Circe" episode of Ulysses , often blurring (and at times obliterating) our previously held interpretations of characters both familiar and strange. But to what extent should the reader invest in clothing as a cultural marker? In other words, how does clothing perform in the episode? This essay argues that drag offers a means of reading the self-conscious performative fantasy world of "Circe," while maintaining a critically parodic element that disrupts the reader's comfortable assumption that we might ever come truly to know these familiar characters. The essay proposes that the theatrical conventions of "Circe" highlight the adaptability of identity through a performance of culture that might be termed "drag," offering a counter-narrative to readings of Circean cross-dressing and gender-bending work by investigating drag as performative fantasy. The uncomfortable reality of drag and its critical potential lies in its ability to reveal that our perception of reality might, too, be artifice. In its recycling of characters, "Circe" disrupts our reading of Ulysses , implicating itself in a performance of culture that re-alerts audiences to the very nature of culture as performative. Characters re-appear in Nighttown in alternative guises, drawing on turn-of-the-century drag culture and allowing those characters to transgress the rigid cultural norms of the period. This is a queer Dublin, bringing to light the everyday ways in which gender and culture in Ulysses are not only performative but also changeable and adaptable.
The Cyclopean Eye: Charity Bazaars, Cinematicity, and Defamiliarized Vision in Ulysses
Authors: Williams Keith
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Dublin's themed charity bazaars of the 1890s were a significant influence on Joyce, most obviously as a source of "Araby"'s negative epiphany but more pervasively by showcasing visual science and technology and preparing the ground for cinema. This essay explores some key impacts on Ulysses . "Cyclopia" (1896) was the most scientific and technological. Joyce had a personal stake in its theme given his eyesight problems but also precocious fascination with optics and "cinematicity." "Cyclopia" punned on the objective of producing "one eye hospital" for Dublin through merging institutions. Similarly, the "cyclopean image" denotes binocular vision's merging of images from different eyes into 3-D. "Cyclopia" showcased a giant mechanical model of the eye, amid a spectrum of entertainments defamiliarizing vision, including a giant outdoor magic lantern screen, film projection by "Animatograph," and Ireland's first popular demonstrations of X-rays. "Cyclopia" responded to the mission of Victorian scientists to enlighten the public about vision and its manipulation. Newspaper reports confirm that Dubliners were enthralled by its "Cyclopean Eye"'s camera-like gaze, which also recalled the Odyssey 's one-eyed giant. Similarly, by modernizing Homer's monster in the tropes of Ulysses , Joyce subverted his counterpart's monoptic nationalism by Bloom's more "rounded," stereoscopic vision.
Homeostasis in Ulysses and Finnegans Wake
Authors: Benjamin Roy
Published: September 2023

Abstract: This essay explores the concept of homeostasis in terms of how cybernetic systems stray and correct themselves in Joyce. In the never-ending story of the disturbance and recovery of equilibrium and balance, various homeostatic organs and systems work together to maintain a steady state. While this process introduces change and alteration, it also presents opportunities for growth and evolution. For Joyce, the recovery of homeostatic equilibrium after periods of error and illness generated enormous quantities of energy which allowed him to create patterns of increasing complexity.
The Hand of the Slave and the Hand of the Martyr: Pamphilus of Caesarea, Autography, and the Rise of Textual Relics
Authors: Inowlocki Sabrina
Published: September 2023

Abstract: This paper analyzes a specific reconfiguration of the text as body in the framework of martyrdom and the retrieval and preservation of the Origenian textual corpus. In this context, I suggest that autographic copies and corrections (that is, textual gestures performed in one's own hand) took on a new meaning. I will focus on the subscriptions left by Pamphilus of Caesarea and his students, and on Jerome's notice 75 of the De uiris illustribu s to trace a shift in the cultural and religious significance of autography. From the hand of the enslaved copyist at the beginning of the Roman empire to the hand of the martyr in Late Antiquity, such a shift ultimately led to a process of "relicization" in which the martyr's handwritten text was conceptualized as a physical relic.
John Chrysostom's Homily against the Jews 8 as a Response to Antiochene Jewish Healthcare
Authors: Bonar Chance
Published: September 2023

Abstract: This article argues that John Chrysostom's Homily against the Jews ( Adv. Iud . 8), preached at Antioch in 387 ce, is produced as a response to the popularity of Antiochene Jewish healers among John's congregants. As a solution to the perceived problem of Christians seeking out Jewish healing, John develops a model of anti-medicinal martyrdom by which he calls congregants to seek out death by fever. The article is split into three sections. The first section situates the argument amidst recent scholarship on Antiochene space, religious affiliation and ambiguity, and John's rhetorical strategies. The second situates John's anxiety regarding the religious ambiguity of amulets and other medicinal practices alongside late ancient Antiochene material culture. The final section provides a close reading of Adv. Iud . 8 that underscores how John uses biblical exempla to produce his model of anti-medicinal martyrdom.
Deep-learning-based separation of shallow and deep layer blood flow rates in diffuse correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Nakabayashi Mikie , Liu Siwei , Broti Nawara Mahmood , Ichinose Masashi , Ono Yumie
Published: September 2023

Diffuse correlation spectroscopy faces challenges concerning the contamination of cutaneous and deep tissue blood flow. We propose a long short-term memory network to directly quantify the flow rates of shallow and deep-layer tissues. By exploiting the different contributions of shallow and deep-layer flow rates to auto-correlation functions, we accurately predict the shallow and deep-layer flow rates (RMSE = 0.047 and 0.034 ml/min/100 g of simulated tissue, R2 = 0.99 and 0.99, respectively) in a two-layer flow phantom experiment. This approach is useful in evaluating the blood flow responses of active muscles, where both cutaneous and deep-muscle blood flow increase with exercise.
Deep learning based depth map estimation of protoporphyrin IX in turbid media using dual wavelength excitation fluorescence
Authors: Imanishi Hinano , Nishimura Takahiro , Shimojo Yu , Awazu Kunio
Published: September 2023

This study presents a depth map estimation of fluorescent objects in turbid media, such as biological tissue based on fluorescence observation by two-wavelength excitation and deep learning-based processing. A U-Net-based convolutional neural network is adapted for fluorophore depth maps from the ratiometric information of the two-wavelength excitation fluorescence. The proposed method offers depth map estimation from wide-field fluorescence images with rapid processing. The feasibility of the proposed method was demonstrated experimentally by estimating the depth map of protoporphyrin IX, a recognized cancer biomarker, at different depths within an optical phantom.
End-to-end physics-informed deep neural network optimization of sub-Nyquist lenses
Authors: Lindsay Marshall B. , Kovaleski Scott D. , Varner Andy G. , Veal Charlie T. , Anderson Derek T. , Price Stanton R. , Price Steven R.
Published: September 2023

In this paper, an approach for optimizing sub-Nyquist lenses using an end-to-end physics-informed deep neural network is presented. The simulation and optimization of these sub-Nyquist lenses is investigated for image quality, classification performance, or both. This approach integrates a diffractive optical model with a deep learning classifier, forming a unified optimization framework that facilitates simultaneous simulation and optimization. Lenses in this work span numerical apertures from approximately 0.1 to 1.0, and a total of 707 models are trained using the PyTorch-Lightning deep learning framework. Results demonstrate that the optimized lenses produce better image quality in terms of mean squared error (MSE) compared to analytical lenses by reducing the impact of diffraction order aliasing. When combined with the classifier, the optimized lenses show improved classification performance and reduced variability across the focal range. Additionally, the absence of correlation between the MSE measurement of image quality and classification performance suggests that images that appear good according to the MSE metric may not necessarily be beneficial for the classifier.
Compact reconfigurable on-chip polarization beam splitters enabled by phase change material
Authors: Ruan Jiakai , Gao Yixiao , Song Chunmeng , Xu Peipeng , Zhang Wei , Chen Yimin , Shen Xiang
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we present the design of a compact reconfigurable polarization beam splitter (PBS) enabled by ultralow-loss phase-changing Sb2Se3. By harnessing the phase-change-mediated mode coupling in a directional coupler (DC), guided light with different polarizations could be routed into different paths and this routing could be dynamically switched upon the phase change of Sb2Se3. With an optimized DC region, the proposed PBS demonstrates efficient polarization splitting with crosstalk less than −21.3 dB and insertion loss less than 0.16 dB at 1550 nm for both phase states of Sb2Se3, and features energy efficient property benefitting from the nonvolatile phase change of Sb2Se3, which holds great potentials for on-chip applications involving polarization control, including polarization-division multiplexing system, quantum photonics, microwave photonics, etc.
Compact multipass-laser-beam antenna for NV sensor sensitivity enhancement
Authors: Chen Yulei , Li Tongtong , Wang Dawei , Lu Bin , Chai Guoqiang , Tian Jin
Published: September 2023

Large-area, highly uniform microwave field radiation and efficient excitation of fluorescence are the key to achieving high sensitivity sensing of the NV (nitrogen-vacancy) magnetometer. In this paper, we report a compact multipass-laser-beam antenna for NV ensemble color centers sensing. The antenna not only provides a tridimensional uniform magnetic field, but also can be used for efficient excitation of the NV fluorescence. The optimal size of the antenna and the angle of laser incidence are determined by the multi-physics field simulation software COMSOL. For an equivalent excitation power, the designed structure increases the path length of the excitation beam by up to three orders of magnitude, up to the level of m, compared to the conventional direct beam mode. Finally, this method increased the sensitivity by a factor of 60 realized a magnetic field sensitivity of 2.8 nT/√Hz in the range of 10–100 Hz. This work provides an experimental method for the design of integrated NV magnetometers.
Generalized transmit laser selection for vertical underwater wireless optical communications over Gamma-Gamma turbulence channels
Authors: Zhang Qi , Yue Dianwu , Xu Xianying
Published: September 2023

Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) is a potential technology for high-speed and reliable underwater data transmission. In underwater environment, ocean turbulence has a strong impact on the performance of UWOC systems. Thus, transmission laser selection (TLS) is proposed as an effective technique for fading mitigation in turbulence channels. In this paper, we present a vertical UWOC system with generalized TLS (GTLS) in multi-layer cascaded Gamma-Gamma ocean turbulence channels. With GTLS, the transmitter is equipped with N laser sources and the nth source is selected for transmission. For the ideal case, the optimal laser source is selected, but in practice, a sub-optimal or worse source may be selected due to channel estimation and/or feedback errors. For the GTLS system, we derive an exact closed-form expression for outage probability. Furthermore, based on the outage probability expression, the diversity order and asymptotical diversity order expression are analyzed. Finally, we give simulation results to validate our analytical results. Numerical results show that the GTLS system performs better than the system without GTLS (i.e. N = 1). The number of cascade channel layers, the number of laser sources and the selection of source index significantly affect the performance of the GTLS system.
Research on piston error sensing for segmented mirrors under atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Wang Bin , Jin Zhenyu , Dai Yichun , Yang DeHua , Xu FangYu
Published: September 2023

Large aperture ground-based segmented telescopes typically use electrical edge sensors to detect co-phase errors. However, complex observing environments can lead to zero-point drift of the edge sensors, making it challenging to maintain the long-term co-phase of the segmented primary mirror using only edge sensors. Therefore, employing optical piston error detection methods for short-term calibration of edge sensors can address the issue of zero-point drift in the sensors. However, atmospheric turbulence can affect calibration accuracy based on the observational target. To achieve high-precision calibration of electrical edge sensors, this study investigates the impact of atmospheric turbulence on optical piston error detection. Based on simulated results, it is found that the actual measured piston error in the presence of atmospheric turbulence is the difference between the average phases of the two segments. Subsequently, optical piston error detection experiments were conducted in a segmented mirror system under simulated turbulent conditions with varying turbulence intensities. Experimental studies have shown that the detection accuracy of the optical method is almost the same as without turbulence when using a detection aperture size that is 0.82 times the atmospheric coherence length and an exposure time of at least 40 ms. The root mean square of the cross-calibration is better than 3 nm. These experimental results indicate that under conditions of good atmospheric seeing, the optical piston error detection method can meet the short-term calibration requirements of edge sensors by setting reasonable detection area size and exposure time. It may even be possible to directly use optical detection methods to replace edge sensors for real-time detection of piston errors.
Shared-aperture terahertz metasurface with switchable channels
Authors: Zhang Shu-ping , Li Jiu-Sheng , Guo Feng-lei , Chen Yi
Published: September 2023

Multifunctional and multiplexed terahertz metasurfaces have attracted considerable attention due to their freedom of manipulating terahertz waves in the space domain. In this paper, we proposed a shared-aperture channel switchable terahertz metasurface, which consists of a top elliptical pattern (i.e., vanadium dioxide (VO2) and gold configuration), an intermediate SiO2 layer and a bottom metal plate. Several coding-pattern arrays are designed to achieve multi-function such as beam splitting, beam focusing, beam deflection, vortex beam, and vortex focusing beams based on Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) mechanism combined with shared-aperture. Furthermore, the single and dual channels can be switched when VO2 undergoes a reversible dielectric-metal phase transition around 68°C by controlling the ambient temperature. The full-wave simulation results are in good agreement with the computational predictions. This study greatly enriches the design of terahertz metasurface devices and is highly expected for promising practical applications in future terahertz multiplexing systems.
Anforderungen an eine iPaaS Cloud Lösung zum sicheren Betrieb von Gesundheitsdaten in Schweizer Spitälern
Authors: Russ Christian , Stalder Philipp , Steinwendner Joachim , Pimentel Tibor , Kavakopoulos James
Published: September 2023

Wie viele Cloud Computing Angebote, erfreuen sich „Integration Plattform as a Service“ (iPaaS) immer grösserer Beliebtheit. In verschiedenen Branchen bereits etabliert, stellen sie in der Schweizer Gesundheitsbranche und speziell in den Spitälern noch eine Minderheit dar. Dies, obwohl das Datenmanagement und die Datenintegration der administrativen und medizinischen Daten essenziell sind, um die Digitalisierung in Spitälern erfolgreich voranzutreiben. Es zeigt sich jedoch schnell, dass die Anforderungen und Voraussetzungen für den Einsatz von iPaaS im sensiblen Gesundheitsdatenbereich sehr umfassend sind und potenzielle Hürden beinhalten. Im Zuge des Innosuisse Flagship Multi-Forschungsprojekts SHIFT wurde diese Fragestellung aufgegriffen und nun die erste Phase mit den Anforderungen an eine iPaaS Lösung erarbeitet. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden auf Basis der Situation der Schweizer Spitäler auf die einzelnen allgemeinen, rechtlichen, organisatorischen, technischen und speziellen Anforderungen eingegangen, welche abschliessend grafisch zusammenfasst werden. Dies kann als initiale Hilfestellung für konkrete Handlungsfelder in der Praxis und neue wissenschaftliche Fragestellungen bzgl. der Nutzung von iPaaS in der Schweizer Gesundheitsbranche dienen. Es wird ersichtlich, dass es sowohl einen systemischen als auch interdisziplinären Ansatz benötigt, um den sicheren Betrieb von Gesundheitsdaten in der Public Cloud in Schweizer Spitälern zu ermöglichen.
Inferring gene regulatory network from single-cell transcriptomes with graph autoencoder model
Authors: Wang Jiacheng , Chen Yaojia , Zou Quan
Published: September 2023

The gene regulatory structure of cells involves not only the regulatory relationship between two genes, but also the cooperative associations of multiple genes. However, most gene regulatory network inference methods for single cell only focus on and infer the regulatory relationships of pairs of genes, ignoring the global regulatory structure which is crucial to identify the regulations in the complex biological systems. Here, we proposed a graph-based Deep learning model for Regulatory networks Inference among Genes (DeepRIG) from single-cell RNA-seq data. To learn the global regulatory structure, DeepRIG builds a prior regulatory graph by transforming the gene expression of data into the co-expression mode. Then it utilizes a graph autoencoder model to embed the global regulatory information contained in the graph into gene latent embeddings and to reconstruct the gene regulatory network. Extensive benchmarking results demonstrate that DeepRIG can accurately reconstruct the gene regulatory networks and outperform existing methods on multiple simulated networks and real-cell regulatory networks. Additionally, we applied DeepRIG to the samples of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and triple-negative breast cancer, and presented that DeepRIG can provide accurate cell-type-specific gene regulatory networks inference and identify novel regulators of progression and inhibition.
Green growth as a determinant of ecological footprint: Do ICT diffusion, environmental innovation, and natural resources matter?
Authors: Hassan Ali , Yang Juan , Usman Ahmed , Bilal Ahmer , Ullah Sana
Published: September 2023

The nexus between green growth and ecological footprint is associated with crucial environmental implications. But this domain is not examined sufficiently and provides ambiguous findings. Furthermore, these studies have not addressed the role of natural resources, environmental innovation, and ICT in influencing ecological footprint. Our study analyzes the impact of green growth, ICT, environmental innovation, and natural resources on the ecological footprint ofemerging-7 and developed-7 economies. We employed CS-ARDL methodology to draw the long-run and short-run estimates of the said relationships. The obtained findings show that green growth, ICT, and environmental innovation reduce the ecological footprint in emerging economies in the long run. However, natural resources enhance the ecological footprint in emerging economies in the long run. Green growth, ICT, natural resources, and environmental innovation reduce the ecological footprint in the long run in developed economies. Based on these outcomes, the study recommends important policy suggestions.
Bisphenol-A and phthalate metabolism in children with neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Stein T. Peter , Schluter Margaret D. , Steer Robert A. , Ming Xue
Published: September 2023

Background

The etiology of autism spectrum (ASD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity (ADHD) disorders are multifactorial. Epidemiological studies have shown associations with environmental pollutants, such as plasticizers. This study focused on two of these compounds, the Bisphenol-A (BPA) and Diethylhexyl Phthalate (DEHP). The major pathway for BPA and DEHP excretion is via glucuronidation. Glucuronidation makes insoluble substances more water-soluble allowing for their subsequent elimination in urine.

Hypothesis

Detoxification of these two plasticizers is compromised in children with ASD and ADHD. Consequently, their tissues are more exposed to these two plasticizers.

Methods

We measured the efficiency of glucuronidation in three groups of children, ASD (n = 66), ADHD (n = 46) and healthy controls (CTR, n = 37). The children were recruited from the clinics of Rutgers-NJ Medical School. A urine specimen was collected from each child. Multiple mass spectrometric analyses including the complete metabolome were determined and used to derive values for the efficiency of glucuronidation for 12 varied glucuronidation pathways including those for BPA and MEHP.

Results

(1) Both fold differences and metabolome analyses showed that the three groups of children were metabolically different from each other. (2) Of the 12 pathways examined, only the BPA and DEHP pathways discriminated between the three groups. (3) Glucuronidation efficiencies for BPA were reduced by 11% for ASD (p = 0.020) and 17% for ADHD (p<0.001) compared to controls. DEHP showed similar, but not significant trends.

Conclusion

ASD and ADHD are clinically and metabolically different but share a reduction in the efficiency of detoxification for both BPA and DEHP with the reductions for BPA being statistically significant.
Emotions, perceived threat, prejudice, and attitudes towards helping Ukrainian, Syrian, and Somali asylum seekers
Authors: Xuereb Sharon
Published: September 2023

Europe receives thousands of asylum seekers. This study examined whether European participants distinguish between European, Middle Eastern, and African asylum seekers in relation to positive and negative emotions, perceived threat, prejudice, and attitudes towards helping. The study also examined how these variables interrelate to influence each other. 287 participants were recruited from the UK and Malta. The study found that higher positive emotions and attitudes towards helping, and lower negative emotions, classical prejudice, and conditional prejudice were reported in relation to Ukrainian than Syrian or Somali asylum seekers. A mediation analysis was conducted to examine the interrelationship of these variables. Emotions and perceived threat had an indirect effect on attitudes towards helping, via prejudice. The effect of perceived threat was stronger than that of emotions. The study suggests that to improve people’s openness towards helping asylum seekers, it is necessary to reduce the perception that asylum seekers are threatening.
Observational spatial memory in wolves and dogs
Authors: Vetter Sebastian G. , Rangheard Louise , Schaidl Lena , Kotrschal Kurt , Range Friederike
Published: September 2023

Social learning is highly adaptive in transmitting essential information between individuals in many species. While several mechanisms have been observed, less is known about how much animals can remember. However, results on observational spatial memory among caching species, i.e. a form of social learning allowing individuals to remember and pilfer food caches made by others, suggest that this ability correlates with their social organization. Both wolves and their domesticated form, dogs, are social species known to make food caches, and previous studies have shown that they both can use observational spatial memory abilities to find hidden food. In order to test how much socially transmitted information wolves and dogs can remember, we tested both species in a task requiring them to find 4, 6 or 8 caches after they observed a human hiding food items, or after a control condition where they could not observe the hiding. We found that both wolves and dogs retrieved more caches and were more efficient for the first few caches if they observed the hiding than in the control condition, suggesting that they did not simply rely on scent to find the rewards. Interestingly, wolves outperformed dogs irrespective of whether the caching could be observed or not. We suggest that this result is due to a difference in motivation/persistence between wolves and dogs rather than observational spatial memory.
Emotion and motion: Toward emotion recognition based on standing and walking
Authors: Riemer Hila , Joseph Joel V. , Lee Angela Y. , Riemer Raziel
Published: September 2023

Emotion recognition is key to interpersonal communication and to human–machine interaction. Body expression may contribute to emotion recognition, but most past studies focused on a few motions, limiting accurate recognition. Moreover, emotions in most previous research were acted out, resulting in non–natural motion, which is unapplicable in reality. We present an approach for emotion recognition based on body motion in naturalistic settings, examining authentic emotions, natural movement, and a broad collection of motion parameters. A lab experiment using 24 participants manipulated participants’ emotions using pretested movies into five conditions: happiness, relaxation, fear, sadness, and emotionally–neutral. Emotion was manipulated within subjects, with fillers in between and a counterbalanced order. A motion capture system measured posture and motion during standing and walking; a force plate measured center of pressure location. Traditional statistics revealed nonsignificant effects of emotions on most motion parameters; only 7 of 229 parameters demonstrate significant effects. Most significant effects are in parameters representing postural control during standing, which is consistent with past studies. Yet, the few significant effects suggest that it is impossible to recognize emotions based on a single motion parameter. We therefore developed machine learning models to classify emotions using a collection of parameters, and examined six models: k-nearest neighbors, decision tree, logistic regression, and the support vector machine with radial base function and linear and polynomial functions. The decision tree using 25 parameters provided the highest average accuracy (45.8%), more than twice the random guess for five conditions, which advances past studies demonstrating comparable accuracies, due to our naturalistic setting. This research suggests that machine learning models are valuable for emotion recognition in reality and lays the foundation for further progress in emotion recognition models, informing the development of recognition devices (e.g., depth camera), to be used in home-setting human–machine interactions.
Sublethal toxicities of 2,4-dinitrophenol as inferred from online self-reports
Authors: Abdelati Ali , Burns Michele M. , Chary Michael
Published: September 2023

Introduction

2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) is a mitochondrial toxin sometimes used as a weight loss agent. Reports of fatalities from DNP have been increasing since 2000, suggesting an increase in use. Our understanding of DNP toxicity in humans comes from reports to Poison Control and postmortem analyses, sources that are biased to more extreme presentations. This leads to a gap in our knowledge about the adverse effects of DNP at nonlethal doses. Here we investigate the doses and effects of DNP as reported online.

Methods

We analyzed publicly available Internet posts that we collected from 2017–2019. The posts came from anonymous users or users who voluntarily self-identified. We collected data from websites whose terms of use allow for the secondary analysis of data that their users agree to make public. We used natural language processing techniques that we had previously developed to extract doses, effects, and substances mentioned in each post.

Results

We collected 1,630 posts across 5 online forums and the Reddit forum r/DNP. The posts were from 1,234 unique usernames. The most commonly reported doses were between 150 to 300 mg each day followed by 300 to 450 mg each day. At those doses, the most reported adverse effects were profuse sweating and fatigue. Reports of thermoregulatory (sweating, feeling hot flashes or flushed), fatigue-related, and neurologically related symptoms were statistically significantly more frequent at reported daily doses greater than 150 mg than doses below 150 mg (post-hoc χ2-test with Bonferroni correction). The effects were judged as plausible by two board-certified medical toxicologists. Triiodothyronine, clenbuterol, testosterone, and trenbolone, an androgenic anabolic steroid were the most significantly co-mentioned substances.

Conclusions

Fatigue, increased body temperature, and paresthesias from DNP are reported more frequently at doses greater than 150 mg each day than at doses less than 150 mg each day. Online discussions of DNP frequently mention androgenic anabolic steroids and other weight loss agents.
A socioecological description of the influencing factors to midwives’ management of preeclampsia in a Ghanaian tertiary hospital
Authors: Garti Isabella , Gray Michelle , Bromley Angela , Tan Benjamin (Jing-Yu)
Published: September 2023

Introduction

In low-resource settings, midwives are the first contact for women with preeclampsia and lead the coordination of care. Unfavourable preeclampsia outcomes create a burden for women, families, and the health system. It is therefore important to understand the unique context of midwives’ practice and the complex factors that influence the delivery of maternal healthcare.

Aim

This qualitative study explored the perspectives of key stakeholders in a tertiary hospital in Ghana regarding the facilitators and barriers influencing midwives’ provision of preeclampsia care using a socioecological model.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 42 participants comprising senior managers (n = 7) and hospital midwives (n = 35) in 2021. Thematic analysis used Braun and Clarke’s six-step method, and the findings were organised within four levels of the socioecological model: individual, interpersonal, organisational, and public policy.

Results

Two main themes were identified: 1) Facilitators of preeclampsia management, and 2) Barriers to preeclampsia management. Facilitators were identified at three levels (individual, interpersonal, and organisational) and included midwives’ knowledge of preeclampsia; midwives’ self-efficacy; midwives’ skillset to enhance preeclampsia care; collaborative practice; and strategies for preeclampsia care quality improvement. At the individual level, the barriers were inadequate pre-service preparation, lack of evidence-based midwifery care, and colleagues’ work attitudes. Hierarchical decision-making and staff views of women’s risk perceptions were identified as barriers at the interpersonal level. At the organisational level, the barriers were: scarce resources and staff shortages, and a lack of midwifery-specific guidelines. Two barriers were identified within the public policy level: the high cost of preeclampsia care and issues with the referral system.

Conclusion

Multi-faceted factors play a significant role in midwives’ management of preeclampsia. Hence context-specific multi-level interventions have the potential to improve the quality-of-care women in Ghana receive.
Modeling the public health impact of voxelotor in the management of sickle cell disease in France
Authors: Galacteros Frédéric , Ethgen Olivier , Beillat Maud
Published: September 2023

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder in which sickle hemoglobin (HbS) polymerizes, leading to red blood cell sickling and chronic hemolytic anemia, vaso-occlusive crises, and end-organ damage associated with early mortality. Despite standard of care, patients with SCD still experience complications and early mortality, highlighting remaining unmet treatment needs. Voxelotor is a first-in-class HbS polymerization inhibitor approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as a treatment for SCD and by the European Medicines Agency for hemolytic anemia due to SCD. In clinical studies, voxelotor has been shown to increase hemoglobin (Hb) and decrease hemolytic markers in patients with SCD. The objective of this study was to estimate the impact of voxelotor on the burden of SCD in France using a modeling approach, accounting for its anticipated adoption and diffusion over the next 5 years. We designed a sequential multi-cohort model to project and compare the cumulative incidence of SCD complications over a 20-year time horizon in a world with and without voxelotor. A distribution of patients was simulated across various levels of Hb response based on the phase 3 HOPE trial results, and relative risk reduction was adjusted using published meta-analysis results that projected risk reduction due to a 1 g/dL increase in Hb. In 6100 modeled patients with SCD treated with voxelotor, the model projected the number of deaths to decrease by 39.4%, with an increase of 1.8% in life-years gained. The model also projected life expectancy to increase by 15.8%, and incident cases of stroke, pulmonary hypertension, and chronic kidney disease to decrease by 19.8%, 24.5%, and 25.1%, respectively. The model suggests that improving Hb using a treatment such as voxelotor may have a positive public health impact by reducing the burden of SCD for patients and the healthcare system.
An improved multi-scale branching convolutional neural network for rolling bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Xu Meng , Shi Yaowei , Deng Minqiang , Liu Yang , Ding Xue , Deng Aidong
Published: September 2023

The vibration signals measured in practical engineering are usually complex and noisy, which brings challenges to fault diagnosis. In addition, industrial scenarios also put forward higher requirements for the accuracy and computational efficiency of diagnostic models. Aiming at these problems, an improved multiscale branching convolutional neural network is proposed for rolling bearing fault diagnosis. The proposed method first applies the multiscale feature learning strategy to extract rich and compelling fault information from diverse and complex vibration signals. Further, the lightweight dynamic separable convolution is elaborated and coupled into the feature extractor to "slim down" the model, reduce the computational loss on the one hand, and further improve the model’s adaptive learning ability for different inputs hand. Extensive experiments indicate that the proposed method is significantly improved compared with existing multi-scale neural networks.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on pharmacologic treatment of patients newly diagnosed with osteoporosis
Authors: White Micaela , Hisatomi Lauren , Villegas Alex , Pina Dagoberto , Garfinkel Alec , Agrawal Garima , Punatar Nisha , Wise Barton L. , Teng Polly , Le Hai
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study determined whether initiation of pharmacologic treatment was delayed for newly diagnosed osteoporosis patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

1,189 patients ≥50 years with newly diagnosed osteoporosis using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) screening at a single academic institution were included. Patients with previous osteoporosis were excluded. Patients diagnosed between March 1, 2018—January 31, 2020 (pre-pandemic cohort, n = 576) were compared to those diagnosed between March 1, 2020—January 31, 2022 (pandemic cohort, n = 613). Age, sex, race, ethnicity, ordering providers (primary vs specialty), and pharmacological agents were evaluated. Primary outcomes included proportion of patients prescribed therapy within 3 and 6-months of diagnosis, and mean time from diagnosis to treatment initiation.

Results

The pre-pandemic cohort had more White patients (74.3 vs 68.4%, p = .02) and no differences between remaining demographic variables. Only 40.5% of newly diagnosed patients initiated pharmacologic therapy within 6 months. Patients treated at 3-months (31.8 vs 35.4%, p = 0.19) and 6-months (37.8 vs 42.9, p = 0.08) were comparable between cohorts (47.2 vs 50.2% p = 0.30). Mean time from diagnosis to treatment initiation was similar (46 vs 45 days, p = 0.72). There were no treatment differences based on gender, race, or ethnicity or between ordering providers (65.1 vs 57.4% primary care, p = 0.08). Bisphosphonates were most often prescribed in both cohorts (89% vs 82.1%).

Conclusions

This is the first study assessing COVID-19’s impact on pharmacologic treatment of newly diagnosed osteoporosis. 40.5% of newly diagnosed patients were treated pharmacologically within six months of diagnosis, and the pandemic did not significantly affect treatment rates.