bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Searching for dialogue in public sector budgeting research: the case study of the JPBAFM
Authors: Aleksandrov Evgenii , Mauro Sara Giovanna
Published: February 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to respond to the recent calls to discover the research developments in the field of public budgeting. Particularly, it explores whether and how research dialogue unfolds within the public budgeting field over time and how to stimulate it further, by investigating the case of a specific journal oriented to budgeting topics.

Design/methodology/approach

Applying a case study strategy, this paper reviews previous studies on public budgeting published in one specific journal, the Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting and Financial Management (JPBAFM), from its “online inception” in 1994 to 2020. Borrowing ideas from dialogue literature, the authors analyse 108 selected papers according to a multi-dimensional framework for exploring research dialogues taking into account the year of publication, authorship (and affiliation), research setting, method and theoretical approach, and, above all, research topics on budgeting.

Findings

The findings illustrate that whilst public budgeting research has been fluctuating over time in the JPBAFM, there is a growing interest in the topic over the last several years (2015–2020). Yet, the journal illustrates a limited dialogic development of the field of public budgeting, where produced knowledge has been significantly North America-oriented, normative and quantitative-dominated. Until recently, only a limited role has been given to dialogue formation between researchers and practitioners, but the current debate is increasingly being enriched by new perspectives and a wider range of experiences. Finally, public budgeting has been addressed from multiple perspectives over time, with a significant impact determined by performance and participatory budgeting. Although multiple topics are receiving growing attention, it is still under-developed in the inter-dialogue formation between topics and theories, despite the more recently growing use of different theoretical approaches and empirical and analytical rigour.

Research limitations/implications

The research is limited to one journal as a case study and does not claim to provide an overall reflection of public budgeting research and related empirical generalisations. Instead, the authors strive for a theoretical generalisation of multi-dimensional dialogue importance in the field.

Originality/value

The value of the research lies in a comprehensive analysis of research dialogue formation within public sector budgeting over time in an international journal that has actively engaged with public sector issues and, specifically, with budgeting. By so doing, this paper adds a critical stand on the value of dialogue in fostering inter-contextual and inter-disciplinary research in the field of public budgeting.
A strategic management process: the role of decision-making style and organisational performance
Authors: Sinnaiah Tamilarasu , Adam Sabrinah , Mahadi Batiah
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual framework for integrating strategic thinking factors, organisational performance and the decision-making process.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology involves a synthesis of literature and proposes a framework that explores the relationship between strategic thinking enabling factors, organisational performance and the moderating effect of decision-making styles.

Findings

The framework includes strategic thinking enabling factors (systems perspective, focused intent, intelligent opportunism, thinking in time and hypothesis-driven analysis), organisational performance and the moderating effect of decision-making styles (intuitive and rational).

Research limitations/implications

This research results in a conceptual model only; it remains to be tested in actual practice. The expanded conceptual framework can serve as a basis for future empirical research and provide insights to practitioners into how to strengthen policy development in a strategic planning process.

Originality/value

A paradigm shift in the literature proves that strategic management and decision-making styles are vital in determining organisational performance. This paper highlights the importance of decision-making styles and develops a framework for strategic management by analysing the existing strategic management literature.
The interplay of knowledge management, operational and dynamic capabilities in project phases
Authors: Salwan Prashant , Patankar Atul , Shandilya Bhaskar , Iyengar Srinivasan , Thakur Meghwant Singh
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Project delivery organizations (PDO) have to develop competitive advantage against new entrants. This study aims to explore the knowledge conversion transactions proposed by Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) in project phases through the interplay of dynamic and operational capabilities. This study is based on a case study for a PDO in the engineering industry.

Design/methodology/approach

This study proposes a model of dynamics between the constructs, and its illustration with a case study of a PDO. The research extends the socialization, externalization, combination and internalization (SECI) model of knowledge management (KM).

Findings

This study provides an overview of existing research related to the constructs like applicability of operational and dynamic capabilities, knowledge configuration and knowledge management processes to individual projects delivered by a PDO for its clients. Further, this study provides an overview of the knowledge configuration adopted by an organization and how it helps to build the competitive advantage of an organization.

Research limitations/implications

This study proposes a model for applying the constructs to each of the phases of a project. It then illustrates the knowledge value chain in a PDO in the field of engineering projects with detailed insights into the steps of sensing, seizing and sharing knowledge across the project life cycle.

Practical implications

Project-based firms can use the learnings and create their own SECI model linking the conceptual model of KM and PDO and KM value chain.

Social implications

In social projects implementation, this conceptual model and process will be helpful in building efficiency and effectiveness.

Originality/value

This case study presents the knowledge value chain in a PDO in the field of engineering projects with detailed insights into the steps of sensing, seizing and sharing knowledge across the project life cycle.
Exploring perspectives of whole‐school attachment and trauma aware approaches in a specialist provision
Authors: Jones Emma‐Louise , Harding Emma
Published: February 2023

A recent focus on attachment and trauma awareness (ATA) in schools has led to whole‐school training programmes and evaluations. The outcomes have been positive; however, the dominant focus of research is on the implementation of whole‐school ATA in mainstream settings. This project adopted a case study to explore how the training and approaches had been implemented in a school community, including a special school and pupil referral units. Data were collected from three semi‐structured interviews with staff in varying roles, and the views of 11 pupils were obtained via a classroom activity as supplementary data. Thematic analysis highlighted five key themes which directly answered the three research questions, namely: strategies and approaches used; pupil outcomes; facilitators to implementation; barriers to implementation; and training and improvements. It is hoped that this study will help further professional understanding and implementation of ATA in non‐mainstream settings. The implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
Activity and abundance of methanotrophic bacteria in a northern mountainous gradient of wetlands
Authors: Jensen Sigmund , Siljanen Henri M.P. , Dörsch Peter
Published: February 2023

Methane uptake and diversity of methanotrophic bacteria was investigated across six hydrologically connected wetlands in a mountainous forest landscape upstream of lake Langtjern, southern Norway. From floodplain through shrubs, forest and sedges to a Sphagnum covered site, growing season CH4 production was insufficiently consumed to balance release into the atmosphere. Emission increased by soil moisture ranging 0.6–6.8 mg CH4 m−2 h−1. Top soils of all sites consumed CH4 including at the lowest 78 ppmv CH4 supplied, thus potentially oxidizing 17–51 nmol CH4 g−1 dw h−1, with highest Vmax 440 nmol g−1 dw h−1 under Sphagnum and lowest Km 559 nM under hummocked Carex. Nine genera and several less understood type I and type II methanotrophs were detected by the key functional gene pmoA involved in methane oxidation. Microarray signal intensities from all sites revealed Methylococcus, the affiliated Lake Washington cluster, Methylocaldum, a Japanese rice cluster, Methylosinus, Methylocystis and the affiliated Peat264 cluster. Notably enriched by site was a floodplain Methylomonas and a Methylocapsa‐affiliated watershed cluster in the Sphagnum site. The climate sensitive water table was shown to be a strong controlling factor highlighting its link with the CH4 cycle in elevated wetlands.
Using Available‐for‐sale Securities to Smooth Earnings: Evidence from China
Authors: Lu Ruichang , He Weijia , Zhang Xiaojun
Published: February 2023

Utilizing a large sample of non‐financial public firms in China from 2009 to 2016, we find robust evidence that non‐financial firms smooth their earnings through realized gains and losses on available‐for‐sale (AFS) securities. This effect is more pronounced for firms with weaker internal and external corporate governance. Firms with an incentive to manipulate up their earnings are also less likely to smooth earnings through AFS securities. Moreover, firms with more accrual earnings management or real earnings management tend to smooth earnings to a greater extent through AFS securities. Firms smooth earnings only when their net income is positive or when net income is negative and the gains from AFS securities are large enough to offset negative earnings. We do not find supporting evidence for engaging in big bath earnings management through the realization of losses on AFS securities. These findings suggest that gains and losses on AFS securities allow non‐financial firms to actively smooth their earnings. Last, the accounting standards amendments in 2017 that essentially disable earnings smoothing through AFS securities increase price efficiency.
Quality of life 1 month after acute pulmonary embolism in emergency department patients
Authors: Weekes Anthony J. , Davison Jillian , Lupez Kathryn , Raper Jaron D. , Thomas Alyssa M. , Cox Carly A. , Esener Dasia , Boyd Jeremy S. , Nomura Jason T. , Murphy Kathleen , Ockerse Patrick M. , Leech Stephen , Johnson Jakea , Abrams Eric , Kelly Christopher , O'Connell Nathaniel S.
Published: February 2023

Objective

The Pulmonary Embolism Quality‐of‐Life (PEmb‐QoL) questionnaire assesses quality of life (QoL) after pulmonary embolism (PE). We aimed to determine whether any clinical or pathophysiologic features of PE were associated with worse PEmb‐QoL scores 1 month after PE.

Methods

In this prospective multicenter registry, we conducted PEmb‐QoL questionnaires. We determined differences in QoL domain scores for four primary variables: clinical deterioration (death, cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, hypotension requiring fluid bolus, catecholamine support, or new dysrhythmia), right ventricular dysfunction (RVD), PE risk stratification, and subsequent rehospitalization. For overall QoL score, we fit a multivariable regression model that included these four primary variables as independent variables.

Results

Of 788 PE patients participating in QoL assessments, 156 (19.8%) had a clinical deterioration event, 236 (30.7%) had RVD of which 38 (16.1%) had escalated interventions. For those without and with clinical deterioration, social limitations had mean (±SD) scores of 2.07 (±1.27) and 2.36 (±1.47), respectively (p = 0.027). For intensity of complaints, mean (±SD) scores for patients without RVD (4.32 ± 2.69) were significantly higher than for those with RVD with or without reperfusion interventions (3.82 ± 1.81 and 3.83 ± 2.11, respectively; p = 0.043). There were no domain score differences between PE risk stratification groups. All domain scores were worse for patients with rehospitalization versus without. By multivariable analysis, worse total PEmb‐QoL scores with effect sizes were subsequent rehospitalization 11.29 (6.68–15.89), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 8.17 (3.91–12.43), and longer index hospital length of stay 0.06 (0.03–0.08).

Conclusions

Acute clinical deterioration, RVD, and PE severity were not predictors of QoL at 1 month post‐PE. Independent predictors of worsened QoL were rehospitalization, COPD, and index hospital length of stay.
Mortality rates of desert vegetation during high‐intensity drought at Uluru‐Kata Tjuta National Park, Central Australia
Authors: Wright Boyd R. , Nipper Martin , Nipper Nathan , Merson Samuel D. , Guest Tracey
Published: February 2023

Precipitation variability and heatwaves are expected to intensify over much of inland Australia under most projected climate change scenarios. This will undoubtedly have impacts on the biota of Australian dryland systems. However, accurate modelling of these impacts is presently impeded by a lack of empirical research on drought/heatwave effects on native arid flora and fauna. During the 2018–2021 Australian drought, many parts of the continent's inland experienced their hottest, driest period on record. Here, we present the results of a field survey in 2021 involving indigenous rangers, scientists and national parks staff who assessed plant dieback during this drought at Uluru‐Kata Tjuta National Park (UKTNP), central Australia. Spatially randomized quadrat sampling of eight common and culturally important plants indicated the following plant death rates across UKTNP (in order of drought susceptibility): desert myrtle (Aluta maisonneuvei subsp. maisonneuvei) (91%), yellow flame grevillea (Grevillea eriostachya) (79%), Maitland's wattle (Acacia maitlandii) (67%), waxy wattle (A. melleodora) (65%), soft spinifex grass (Triodia pungens) (53%), mulga (A. aneura) (42%), desert oak (Allocasuarina decaisneana) (22%) and quandong (Santalum acuminatum) (0%). The sampling also detected that seedling recruitment was absent or minimal for all plants except soft spinifex, while a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) indicated two‐way interactions among species, plant size and stand density as important predictors of drought survival of adult plants. A substantial loss of biodiversity has occurred at UKTNP during the recent drought, with likely drivers of widespread plant mortality being extreme multi‐year rainfall deficit (2019 recorded the lowest‐ever annual rainfall at UKTNP [27 mm]) and record high summer temperatures (December 2019 recorded the highest‐ever temperature [47.1°C]). Our findings indicate that widespread plant death and extensive vegetation restructuring will occur across arid Australia if the severity and frequency of droughts increase under climate change.
Predicting mortality and admission duration for burns patients in Queensland, Australia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Murray‐Douglass Alexander , Vujcich Elizabeth
Published: February 2023

Background

Burn outcomes can be improved by reducing mortality and hospital admission duration. This increases patient quality of life and reduces hospital‐associated complications and costs. This study aimed to develop a model with which to predict burns inpatient mortality and admission duration.

Methods

Multiple logistic and linear regression were used to investigate mortality and admission duration by age, total body surface area, sex, delay to presentation, the use of surgery, discharge distance and period.

Results

One thousand four hundred and seventy nine patients (747 pre‐COVID and 732 during COVID) were admitted between the study dates. Using multiple logistic regression, age and total body surface area predicted mortality LR X2 (5), P < 0.001, pseudo R2 = 0.57. Using multiple linear regression, age, total body surface area and the use of surgery predicted admission duration F (7, 1455) = 161.42, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.44. Sex, delay to presentation, period and discharge distance did not predict mortality or admission duration.

Conclusions

In our institution, mortality was increased by 8.6% for each additional year of age and by 11.3% for each additional percentage total body surface area. Likewise, admission duration was prolonged by 1 day for every 7 years of increased age, by 1 day for each additional percentage total body surface area or by 7 days if surgery was required. These models have been incorporated into a set of prediction tables for mortality and admission duration for use in our institute that can guide patient and family discussions.
Editorial: treat‐to‐target in ulcerative colitis clinical management—a small price to pay?
Authors: Barber Grant E. , Gubatan John
Published: February 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Cortesi et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17261 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17375
Editorial: achievements and unresolved questions in improving the pharmacokinetics of vedolizumab in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease—authors' reply
Authors: Colman Ruben J. , Minar Phillip
Published: February 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Colman et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17277 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17321
Letter: sleep duration and the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Chang Hui‐Chin , Gau Shuo‐Yan
Published: February 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Yuan et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17285
Letter: the diagnostic value of ultrasound‐based versus CT‐based sarcopenia measurement in cirrhosis
Authors: Gödiker Juliana , Krüger Kim , Schwind Lea , Jacob Torid , Chang Johannes , Köhler Michael , Trebicka Jonel , Praktiknjo Michael
Published: February 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Artru et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16080 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17398
Editorial: treat‐to‐target in ulcerative colitis clinical management—a small price to pay? Authors' reply
Authors: Cortesi Paolo Angelo , Fiorino Gionata , Mantovani Lorenzo Giovanni , Danese Silvio
Published: February 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Cortesi et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17261 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17298
Tocilizumab for treatment of chronic active antibody‐mediated rejection in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Boonpheng Boonphiphop , De Castro Iris Camille C. , Ng Yue‐Harn , Blosser Christopher , Bakthavatsalam Ramasamy , Gimferrer Idoia , Smith Kelly , Leca Nicolae
Published: February 2023

Background

The optimal treatment for chronic active antibody‐mediated rejection (ca‐AMR) remains unclear. Tocilizumab (TCZ), a monoclonal antibody against IL‐6, has been proposed as a therapeutic option. We reported our experience treating ca‐AMR with TCZ either as the first line option or as a rescue therapy.

Methods

We studied 11 adult kidney transplant recipients with biopsy‐proven ca‐AMR and preserved kidney function (eGFR 57 ± 18) who were treated with TCZ (8 mg/kg IV monthly). All biopsies were prompted by abnormal surveillance biomarker testing with DSA and/or dd‐cfDNA. Clinical monitoring included dd‐cfDNA and DSA testing every 3 months during the treatment with TCZ.

Results

In this cohort, ca‐AMR was diagnosed at a median of 90 months (range 14–224) post‐transplant, and 4 of 11 patients had DSA negative ca‐AMR. Patients received a minimum of 3 months of TCZ, with 6 patients receiving at least 12 months of TCZ. Dd‐cfDNA was elevated in all patients, with a median 2.24% at the start of TCZ treatment. After 6 months of TCZ treatment, 8/11 patients had dd‐ cfDNA <1%, and 3/11 had values <0.5%. Among those who completed at least 12 months of TCZ, dd‐cfDNA decreased by 29% at 6 months (p = .05) and 47% by 12 months (p = .04). DSA also stabilized and, by 12 months, was reduced by 29% (p = .047). Graft function remained stable with no graft loss during treatment. There was a nonsignificant trend towards proteinuria reduction. During the course of treatment with tocilizumab, two patients experienced moderate to severe infections.

Conclusions

In our early short‐term experience, TCZ appears to reduce graft injury as measured by dd‐cfDNA and modulate the immune response as evident by a modest reduction in immunodominant DSA MFI. Allograft function and proteinuria also stabilized.
Associations between insulin pump self‐management and HbA1c in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Rytter Karen , Madsen Kristoffer Panduro , Andersen Henrik Ullits , Hommel Eva , Pedersen‐Bjergaard Ulrik , Schmidt Signe , Nørgaard Kirsten
Published: February 2023

Aims

Insulin pump self‐management is important for glycaemic outcomes. We aimed to investigate associations between self‐management factors and HbA1c.

Methods

Adult insulin pump users with type 1 diabetes (n = 770) completed an online questionnaire. The latest HbA1c and demographics were extracted from national registries. Associations between HbA1c and self‐management (use of advanced features, timing of infusion set change, timing of meal bolus, data‐upload and pump settings adjustments) were investigated using backward selected linear regression models.

Results

Of the 699 responders eligible for this study, 60% were women; the median age and diabetes duration were 49 and 25 years, respectively. Significant associations with HbA1c were found for changing infusion set every 0–4 days relative to 5–10 days (−5 mmol/mol (−0.4%), p = 0.003), and for never/rarely missing a bolus (−6 mmol/mol (−0.5%), p < 0.001) relative to often missing a bolus. Timing insulin 10–15 min before meal relative to after meal start was also associated with lower HbA1c (−3 mmol/mol (−0.3%), p = 0.023). Self‐adjusting pump settings showed the strongest association with lower HbA1c (−6 mmol/mol (−0.6%), p < 0.001) relative to health care professionals doing all adjustments.

Conclusion

Self‐adjusting insulin pump settings, optimal timing and few omissions of meal boluses, and timely change of infusion set are associated with lower HbA1c.
Biomarkers predictive of atrial fibrillation in patients with cryptogenic stroke. Insights from the Nordic Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke (NOR‐FIB) study
Authors: Tancin Lambert Anna , Ratajczak‐Tretel Barbara , Al‐Ani Riadh , Arntzen Kathrine , Bakkejord Grete Kristin , Bekkeseth Hanna Marie Otterholt , Bjerkeli Vigdis , Eldøen Guttorm , Gulsvik Anne Kristine , Halvorsen Bente , Høie Gudrun Anette , Ihle‐Hansen Hege , Ihle‐Hansen Håkon , Ingebrigtsen Susanne , Johansen Henriette , Kremer Christine , Krogseth Siv Bohne , Kruuse Christina , Kurz Martin , Nakstad Ingvild , Novotny Vojtech , Næss Halvor , Qazi Rehman , Rezai Mehdi Kallaj , Rørholt Dag Marius , Steffensen Linn Hofsøy , Sømark Jesper , Tobro Håkon , Truelsen Thomas Clement , Wassvik Lejla , Ægidius Karen Lehrmann , Pesonen Maiju , de Melis Mirko , Atar Dan , Aamodt Anne Hege ,   NOR‐FIB Study Group
Published: February 2023

Background and purpose

There are currently no biomarkers to select cryptogenic stroke (CS) patients for monitoring with insertable cardiac monitors (ICMs), the most effective tool for diagnosing atrial fibrillation (AF) in CS. The purpose of this study was to assess clinically available biomarkers as predictors of AF.

Methods

Eligible CS and cryptogenic transient ischaemic attack patients underwent 12‐month monitoring with ICMs, clinical follow‐up and biomarker sampling. Levels of cardiac and thromboembolic biomarkers, taken within 14 days from symptom onset, were compared between patients diagnosed with AF (n = 74) during monitoring and those without AF (n = 185). Receiver operating characteristic curves were created. Biomarkers reaching area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ≥ 0.7 were dichotomized by finding optimal cut‐off values and were used in logistic regression establishing their predictive value for increased risk of AF in unadjusted and adjusted models.

Results

B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP), N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), creatine kinase, D‐dimer and high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I and T were significantly higher in the AF than non‐AF group. BNP and NT‐proBNP reached the predefined area under the curve level, 0.755 and 0.725 respectively. Optimal cut‐off values were 33.5 ng/l for BNP and 87 ng/l for NT‐proBNP. Regression analysis showed that NT‐proBNP was a predictor of AF in both unadjusted (odds ratio 7.72, 95% confidence interval 3.16–18.87) and age‐ and sex‐adjusted models (odds ratio 4.82, 95% confidence interval 1.79–12.96).

Conclusion

Several clinically established biomarkers were associated with AF. NT‐proBNP performed best as AF predictor and could be used for selecting patients for long‐term monitoring with ICMs.
An overview of factors affecting high‐cycle fatigue of additive manufacturing metals
Authors: Karakaş Özler , Kardeş Feride Buket , Foti Pietro , Berto Filippo
Published: February 2023

Recently, additive manufacturing technologies have become very important in the industry as they increase the freedom of design and provide the opportunity to realize very complex shapes in one step. Since the use of additive manufacturing has increased in addition to conventional manufacturing methods, the fatigue behavior of engineering materials such as AlSi10Mg, 316L, Ti6Al4V, and Ti64 produced by different additive manufacturing methods is reviewed. In this article, a detailed literature review is presented by evaluating recent studies on the high‐cycle and very high‐cycle fatigue behavior of engineering components produced with additive manufacturing technologies. In addition to the positive properties of additive manufacturing metals, fatigue performance is adversely affected due to negative properties such as high porosity, poor surface quality, and tensile residual stresses. In this article, factors affecting fatigue strength and postproduction processes required for the production of fatigue‐resistant additive manufacturing parts are explained.
Investor attention and the use of leverage
Authors: Davydov Denis , Peltomäki Jarkko
Published: February 2023

We investigate the effects of using different sources of investment leverage, that is, securities with embedded leverage and traditional margin accounts, on the portfolio performance of retail investors, recognizing that these effects may be conditional on investor attention. We find that investors who trade on margin underperform those who do not have margin accounts; we also find that investors trading securities with embedded leverage show even poorer performance than investors trading on margin. The negative effect of leverage usage, however, decreases with greater investor attention, measured by portfolio monitoring frequency. Results suggest that more attentive investors gain more from using investment leverage.
Global historical trends and drivers of submerged aquatic vegetation quantities in lakes
Authors: Botrel Morgan , Maranger Roxane
Published: February 2023

Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in lake littoral zones is an inland water wetland type that provides numerous essential ecosystem services, such as supplying food and habitat for fauna, regulating nutrient fluxes, stabilizing sediments, and maintaining a clear water state. However, little is known on how inland SAV quantities are changing globally in response to human activities, where loss threatens the provisioning of these ecosystem services. In this study, we generate a comprehensive global synthesis of trends in SAV quantities using time series (>10 years) in lakes and identify their main drivers. We compiled trends across methods and metrics, integrating both observational and paleolimnological approaches as well as diverse measures of SAV quantities, including areal extent, density, or abundance classes. The compilation revealed that knowledge on SAV is mostly derived from temperate regions, with major gaps in tropical, boreal, and mountainous lake‐rich regions. Similar to other wetland types, we found that 41% of SAV times series are largely decreasing mostly due to land use change and resulting eutrophication. SAV is, however, increasing in 28% of cases, primarily since the 1980s. We show that trends and drivers of SAV quantities vary regionally, with increases in Europe explained mainly by management, decreases in Asia due to eutrophication and land use change, and variable trends in North America consistent with invasive species arrival. By providing a quantitative portrait of trends in SAV quantities worldwide, we identify knowledge gaps and future SAV research priorities. By considering the drivers of different trends, we also offer insight to future lake management related to climate, positive restoration actions, and change in community structure on SAV quantities.
Value of new advanced hematological parameters in early prediction of severity of COVID‐19
Authors: Jha Bhawna , Goel Shalini , Singh Manish K. , Sethi Monisha , Deswal Vikas , Kataria Sushila , Mehta Yatin , Saxena Renu
Published: February 2023

Introduction

COVID‐19 usually presents with upper respiratory tract infection in varying severity which can lead to sepsis. Early prediction of sepsis may reduce mortality by timely interventions. The intended purpose of this study was to determine whether the advanced parameters like the extended inflammation parameters (EIPs) can predict prognosis and early progression to sepsis as a sequel of COVID‐19 infection and can be used as a screening profile. Also, to evaluate the Intensive Care Infection Score (ICIS) and the COVID‐19 prognostic score and validate the scores for our population.

Methods

Prospective observational study of 50 reverse transcription‐ polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) proven admitted COVID‐19 patients. The data assessed included complete blood counts (CBC) with EIP measurements, from Day 1 of admission to Day 10. The following groups were studied: noncritical (NC) and critical illness (CI) in COVID‐19 positive cases, COVID negative sepsis and nonsepsis cases, and healthy volunteers for reference range.

Results

The parameters that showed statistically significant higher mean in CI group compared to the NC group are reactive lymphocyte number and percentage (RE‐LYMPH#, RE‐LYMPH%), antibody synthesizing lymphocyte number and percentage (AS‐LYMPH#, AS‐LYMPH%), Reactive monocyte count and percentage (RE‐MONO#, RE‐MONO%/M), ICIS, COVID‐19 prognostic score (p‐value <0.05). The AUC confirmed the diagnostic accuracy of all these parameters. From the multivariate logistic regression, the significant risk factor was RE‐LYMPH# with cut‐off >0.10 (p value: 0.011).

Conclusion

The new EIP parameters, RE‐MONO#, RE‐MONO%/M, ICIS score and COVID‐19 prognostic score are useful for early prediction of critical illness. AS‐LYMPH is the most useful predictor of critical illness on multivariate analysis. RE‐MONO# and RE‐MONO%/M parameter are useful in distinguishing critical and noncritical non‐COVID and COVID‐19 patients.
Firm‐level political risk and implied cost of equity capital
Authors: Mishra Dev R.
Published: February 2023

I find a strong positive association between firms' implied cost of equity capital and firm‐level political risk. This effect is above and beyond the firm‐level cost of equity implications of economywide political risk. Firm‐level political risk contributes to elevating stock illiquidity, increases dispersion of analyst forecasts and dampens analyst coverage and these attributes, in turn, have positive cost of equity capital implications. Overall, the findings of this study suggest firm‐level political risk has a non‐trivial effect on increasing equity market illiquidity, increasing dispersion of earnings forecasts and decreasing analyst coverage thus increasing financing costs.
Calcium‐activated geopolymer ceramics: Study of powder calcination and amorphous gel phases
Authors: Huang Muyang , Bao Shenxu , Zhang Yimin , Luo Yongpeng , Xu Xianqing , Yang Siyuan
Published: February 2023

Burnt coal cinder (BCC), the main solid waste in coal and electric power industries was used to prepare the geopolymer ceramics (GC) in this study. The optimum preparation technology of BCC‐based GC and the effects of calcination and calcification on the compressive strength of BCC‐based GC were studied. Through the calcification of BCC with CaO, NaAlO2 and sodium silicate solution (SS) were separately used as the co‐activator and silica additive to prepare BCC‐based GC. The optimal single‐factor conditions determined by the experiment were BCC:CaO:NaAlO2:SS = 18:3:2:4 (g:g:g:mL) and the liquid–solid ratio was 0.46. The compressive strength of BCC‐based GC was 32.78 MPa (28 days). It was obtained that the calcination of calcified BCC below the temperature of 1000°C can effectively remove the fixed carbon in BCC but will destroy amorphous active aluminosilicate. The microstructure study showed that BCC reacted in the ternary system of Ca–Al–Si to form a variety of amorphous products (C–(A)–S–H and (N, C) –A–S–H). Along with the three‐dimensional amorphous gel structure as the dominant phase, the coexistence and interlacing of various amorphous gels made the microstructure more compact and increased the compressive strength of the BCC‐based GC. GCs with various amorphous phases have been successfully prepared at low temperature, and it also provided a new idea for the utilization of low‐activity silicate solid wastes.
Nurses are background actors in medical reality television: A character network analysis and call for authentic action
Authors: Hayward Brent A.
Published: February 2023

Aim

The aim of this study was to describe how nurses' dialogue compares with that of doctors in the Australian reality television programEmergencyand to explain how this dialogue and the use of narration and direct‐to‐camera monologues contribute to the portrayal of nurses. The final aim was to outline how these findings can inform the actions of nurses, nursing organizations and writers and journalists.

Design

A descriptive study conducted in 2021 and 2022.

Methods

Character network analysis was used to describe the verbal interaction of nurses and doctors and identify major, minor and background characters. Narration and direct‐to‐camera monologues were analysed through frequency counts. Cultivation theory was used to interpret the results.

Results

Fifty‐four characters were identified, with 19 of these being nurses. Doctors spoke 87.9% of the dialogue. Most of the dialogue (43%) was monologue by doctors directly to the camera. All major characters were doctors, and only one nurse was a minor character. The mean number of mentions by the narrator of a nurse per episode was 4, and 30 for a doctor.

Conclusion

The portrayal of nurses inEmergencyis inaccurate and the production methods are used to privilege the role of doctors. This finding comes after decades of research showing inaccurate images of nursing in television. Drawing on recent Australian inquiries and the challenges experienced by mental health and aged care nursing, several approaches for collaborative action to improve these images are suggested.

Impact

This is the first study of the portrayal of nursing in reality television. These results suggest that much effort is still required even in contemporary reality television to accurately reflect the work and contribution of nurses. It is the shared responsibility of individual nurses, nursing organizations and writers and journalists to accurately portray nurses in the media.

No patient or public contribution

This network analysis of a postproduction television program did not allow patient or public involvement in the design or analysis.
The experiences and views of adults with intellectual disabilities accessing digital mental health interventions: A qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis
Authors: MacHale Rosemary , Ffrench Cathal , McGuire Brian
Published: February 2023

Background

Technology is ubiquitous in all aspects of daily life and research interest in the topic of digital mental health interventions (DMHI) for people with intellectual disabilities is growing. In addition, the COVID‐19 pandemic has accelerated technology use in delivering mental health supports.

Method

This review used a qualitative systematic literature review methodology with the aim of collating the views and experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities accessing DMHI. The electronic databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and SCOPUS were searched in March 2022.

Results

Five studies were selected in this review, and three major narrative themes were generated, each with sub‐themes: (1) User experience with DMHI (personal experience, digital experience); (2) Relationships fostered through technology (interpersonal support, relating to virtual characters, computer as skilled helper); (3) Psychological benefits (new skills development, personal autonomy development).

Conclusion

This review highlights that, although there is a diversity of views and experiences of people with intellectual disabilities, the evidence suggests that DMHI has potential to support this population given the right opportunities. Findings also point to the benefit of technology as a complement to therapy, but not necessarily as a replacement to in‐person therapeutic encounters.
Acute procedural efficacy and safety of a novel cryoballoon for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Results from the POLAR ICE study
Authors: Martin Claire A. , Tilz Roland R. R. , Anic Ante , Defaye Pascal , Luik Armin , de Asmundis Carlo , Champ‐Rigot Laure , Iacopino Saverio , Sommer Philipp , Albrecht Elizabeth M. , Raybuck Jonathan D. , Richards Elizabeth , Cielen Nele , Yap Sing‐Chien ,   the POLAR ICE Investigators
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is well established as a primary treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF). The POLAR ICE study was designed to collect prospective real world data on the safety and effectiveness of the POLARxTM cryoballoon for PVI to treat paroxysmal AF.

Methods

POLAR ICE, a prospective, non‐randomized, multicenter (international) registry (NCT04250714), enrolled 399 patients across 19 European centers. Procedural characteristics, such as time to isolation, cryoablations per pulmonary vein (PV), balloon nadir temperature, and occlusion grade were recorded. PVI was confirmed with entrance block testing.

Results

Data on 372 de novo PVI procedures (n = 2190 ablations) were collected. Complete PVI was achieved in 96.8% of PVs. Procedure and fluoroscopy times were 68.2 ± 24.6 and 15.6 ± 9.6 min, respectively. Left atrial dwell time was 46.6 ± 18.3 min. Grade 3 or 4 occlusion was achieved in 98.2% of PVs reported and 71.2% of PVs isolation required only a single cryoablation. Of 2190 cryoapplications, 83% had a duration of at least 120 s; nadir temperature of these ablations averaged −56.3 ± 6.5°C. There were 6 phrenic nerve palsy events, 2 of which resolved within 3 months of the procedure.

Conclusion

This real‐world usage data on a novel cryoballoon suggests this device is effective, safe, and relatively fast in centers with cryoballoon experience. These data are comparable to prior POLARx reports and in keeping with reported data on other cryoballoons. Future studies should examine the long‐term outcomes and the relationship between biophysical parameters and outcomes for this novel cryoballoon.
Variation in optimal hemodynamic atrio‐ventricular delay of biventricular pacing with different endocardial left ventricular lead locations using precision hemodynamics
Authors: Butcher Charles J. T. , Cantor Emily , Sohaib Afzal , Shun‐Shin Matthew J. , Haynes Ross , Khan Habib , Kyriacou Adreas , Shi Rui , Chen Zhong , Haldar Shouvik , Cleland John G. F. , Hussain Wajid , Markides Vias , Jones David G. , Lane Rebecca E. , Mason Mark J. , Whinnett Zachary I. , Francis Darrel P. , Wong Tom
Published: February 2023

Introduction

It is not known whether the optimal atrioventricular (AVopt) delay varies between left ventricular (LV) pacing site during endocardial biventricular pacing (BiVP) and may therefore needs consideration.

Methods

We assessed the hemodynamic AVopt in patients with chronic heart failure undergoing endocardial LV lead implantation. AVopt was assessed during atrio‐BiVP with a “roving LV lead.” Up to four locations were studied: mid‐lateral wall, mid‐septum (or a close alternative), site of greatest hemodynamic improvement, and LV lead implant site. The AVopt was compared to a fixed AV delay of 180 ms.

Results

Seventeen patients were included (12 male, aged 66.5 ± 12.8 years, ejection fraction 26 ± 7%, 16 left bundle branch block or high percentage of right ventricular pacing [RVP], QRS duration 167 ± 27 ms). In most locations (62/63), AVopt increased systolic blood pressure during BiVP compared with RVP (relative improvement 6 mmHg, interquartile range [IQR] 4–9 mmHg). Compared to a fixed AV delay, the hemodynamic improvement at AVopt was higher (1 mmHg, IQR 0.2–2.6 mmHg, p < .001). Within most patients (16/17), we observed a difference in AVopt between pacing sites (median paced AVopt 209 ms, IQR 117–250). Within this range, the hemodynamic impact of these differences was small (median loss 0.6 mmHg, IQR 0.1–2.6 mmHg).

Conclusion

Within a patient, different endocardial LV lead locations have slightly different hemodynamic AVopt which are superior to a fixed AV delay. The hemodynamic consequence of applying an optimum from a different lead location is small.
Commentary: The impact of Covid‐19 on psychopathology in children and young people worldwide – reflections on Newlove‐Delgado et al. (2023)
Authors: Cortese Samuele , Solmi Marco , Correll Christoph U.
Published: February 2023

In the past 3 years, since the beginning of the Covid‐19 pandemic, there has been an impressive flourishing body of publications on the impact of the pandemic and related restrictions on the mental health of children and young people. It was about time for a rigorous quantitative evidence synthesis of this large body of research. Newlove‐Delgado et al. (J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 2022) took on this challenge by completing a systematic review with meta‐analysis of epidemiological studies on the impact of Covid‐19 on psychopathology in children and adolescents, featured in the 2023 Annual Research Review series of the Journal. Overall, this meta‐analysis shows that the relationship between mental health and Covid‐19 pandemic in children and adolescents is complex and, as such, it ought to be addressed by studies using rigorous methods and advanced analytic strategies. Collectively, as a field, we should and could do better with regards to the scope and quality of the studies in this area.
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of oils from Andean lupin beans: Lab‐scale performance, process scale‐up, and economic evaluation
Authors: Yu Miao , Kniepkamp Kai , Thie Jan Pieter , Witkamp Geert‐Jan , van Haren Rob J. F.
Published: February 2023

Oil extraction from Andean lupin beans (Lupinus mutabilis SWEET) via supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) was studied on both lab scale and pilot scale. On the lab scale, the effect of pressure, solvent‐to‐feed ratio (S/F), sample particle size and temperature on oil yield were evaluated. The oil quality (fatty acid [FA] composition and tocopherol content) were investigated. Five‐hour scCO2 extraction yielded about 86% oil of Soxhlet extraction (using hexane as solvent). The fraction of unsaturated FA rose with extraction pressure at specific time. High tocopherol contents were detected in oils extracted at low pressure. An increase in temperature was unfavorable to oil and tocopherol yield, thereby confirming the validity for preserving oil extract quality under a mild scCO2 extraction condition. Oil quality and yield did not have identical optimum settings, opening up possibilities for producing different qualities of oils. Pilot‐scale extraction offered comparable oil yield to lab‐scale extraction at similar S/F ratio. Economic evaluation showed that it is promising to implement industrial scale scCO2 process for lupin oil extraction. It was predicted that, at a specific industrial scale of extraction (2 × 1000 L, 550 bar, 40°C and S/F of 24), the manufacturing cost of oils got close to actual commercial production cost.

Practical Application

This study applied an environment‐friendly high‐pressure extraction method, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction, to separate oils from Andean lupin beans (Lupinus mutabilis SWEET). ScCO2 extraction can serve as an alternative oil extraction method to conventional ones that use fossil‐derived organic solvents as the extractant. Up‐scaled scCO2 processing was estimated to be economically viable for commercial lupin oil production.
Longitudinal associations of anticholinergic medications on cognition and possible mitigating role of physical activity
Authors: Norling Amani M. , Bennett Aleena , Crowe Michael , Long D. Leann , Nolin Sara A. , Myers Terina , Del Bene Victor A. , Lazar Ronald M. , Gerstenecker Adam
Published: February 2023

Background

Many older adults take at least one prescription medication with anticholinergic (ACH) activity, which can impact the central nervous system and can lead to cognitive decline and impairment especially in an aging population susceptible to cognitive changes. We examined this relationship between ACH burden and cognitive function in middle‐aged and older adults. We further determined if increased activity levels mitigated the relationships between ACH burden and cognition.

Methods

Data from The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke project were used. We included 20,575 adults aged ≥45 years with longitudinal cognitive testing. The anticholinergic cognitive burden (ACB) scale was used to assess for ACH use and overall burden. Cognitive data included an overall composite score, a memory, and verbal fluency composites. Mixed effects models were conducted to determine if cognitive function worsened over time for participants with higher ACB (>3) scores. The full model adjusted for age, sex, race, education, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, congestive heart failure, and dyslipidemia, self‐reported physical activity (PA) and depressive symptoms.

Results

A significant relationship between ACH burden and composite cognitive scores was found (p = <0.001), with those with higher ACB showing more rapid cognitive decline over time. There was an effect of age for participants with higher ACB (>3) scores and ACB as a continuous variable. Baseline PA level was associated with less cognitive decline over time and this effect was greater in older cohorts.

Conclusions

We observed an effect of ACHs on cognition in adults ≥45 years old that worsened with age. ACH users showed more cognitive effects, whereas PA emerged as a possible mitigating factor.