bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Divorce is a social problem study
Authors: V. Patel Sanjay
Published: August 2024

According to the World Health Organization, health is not merely the absence of disease but a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. The real meaning of being healthy is focusing on yourself and adopting healthy ways of living. After independence in India, health has been one of the main goals facing the country. There have always been obstacles in bringing health facilities to the rural people of the country. Health problems are especially acute in rural areas. For all these situations there is a lack of expertise in primary health centers created to deal with diseases in rural areas. A factor responsible for the poor health status of rural women is their lack of nutrition. Due to the lack of nutrition, conditions like malnutrition have arisen and due to this many types of diseases are prevalent. More than half of India's villages suffer from anomie due to lack of essential nutrients. About 22 thousand women especially pregnant women die of anomia in India. A number of social, economic and personal factors are responsible for the poor health status of rural women. Sanitation, education, lack of awareness, poor economic status, traditions, customs, husbandry, heavy physical labor, irregular diet, feticide, frequent births etc. are considered responsible for many factors.
Sociological Observations on Problems of Marital Adjustment
Authors: Ravaliya R.K.
Published: August 2024

Men and women are the most important parts of our social and personal life. When men and women both are employed, it makes some adjustments related to issues of their married life. Marital adjustment is considered to be life lifelong process; although in the early days, one has to give serious consideration. Adjustment in marriage is a fundamental maturity of emotional maturity. Marriage gives the partners an opportunity for satisfaction of their needs for companionship, affection and sexual expression. Present observations are based on some social, psychological and economic aspects of married life. Urban/ metropolitan lifestyle is expensive and based on imitations of others makes life complex.
The POSH Act in India: Progress, Shortcomings, and the Path Forward
Authors: Sareen Rachan , Dhingra Surabhi
Published: August 2024

The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 (POSH Act) was a result of a long and laborious struggle of several women’s rights groups. It was the only solace that Bhanwari devi could draw as she never got justice for what she went through in the line of her duty. This research article discusses the Act and its shortcomings, and proposes concrete improvements to make it more effective in combating workplace sexual harassment. The authors and their team have dedicated the past decade to implementing the POSH Act. Comprising of employee awareness trainers and external members of the Internal Complaints Committee of various organizations, their experience and insights offers valuable perspectives on the Act's implementation and its impact in various workplace settings.
Analysis of Drinking Water Service in Shimla City, Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Rana Deeksha , Rana Shweta , Choudhary Seema
Published: August 2024

Water is an inevitable requirement for all. Existence of life without water cannot be imagined. Water scarcity is a burning issue and the need to tackle this problem is forefront issue. Shimla City, the capital of Himachal Pradesh is facing water scarcity consecutively from past many years. Though, administration is taking substantial steps to improve the situation, this problem is continuously witnessed by the residents every year. Being capital of the state, Shimla city is hub to various administrative units, educational and important health institutions also to name a few. Even the city is a famous tourist destination and internationally recognised one. All this drew the attention towards the growing need of water in the Shimla city. Since, residents are the first to face the problem of water scarcity, therefore, the present study tries to examine the situation of drinking water service at ground level using peoples’ perception. Hypotheses has been created with respect to certain parameters like relationship between hours of water supply and satisfaction, frequency of water supply with adequacy of quantity received using suitable testing methods. It has been found during the study that though the situation is improving but certain issues like frequency of water, awareness and responsible behaviour from residents is required.
कमार जनजाति के विविध संस्कार
Authors: कुमार गजेन्द्र
Published: August 2024

कमार जनजाति भारत की अनुसूचित जनजातियों मे से एक हैं। कम होती जनसंख्या] न्यून साक्षरता दर] कृषि की आदिम तकनीक एवं आर्थिक पिछड़ेपन के आधार पर कमार जनजाति को विशेष पिछड़ी जनजाति घोषित किया गया है। कमार जनजाति के लोग अपनी उत्पति देवडोंगर से मानते है। उनका सबसे बड़ा देवता आज भी देवडोंग के ’’वामन डोंगरी’’ मे स्थापित है। कमार जनजाति आत्मावादी हैं। कमार जनजाति आपसी संवाद हेतु कमारी बोली तथा स्थानीय रूप से छत्तीसगढ़ी भाषा का उपयोग करते हैं। कमार जनजाति बुन्दरजीवा एवं पहाड़िया दो उपजाति मेें विभक्त है। कमार जनजाति एक बहिविर्वाही समुदाय है। इनमें एक ही गोत्र में विवाह संबंध निषेध है। कमार जनजाति का मुख्य व्यवसाय बांस से सुपा] टोकरी] झांपी एवं पर्रा आदि बनाना है। पक्षियों का शिकार करना और छोटे जानवरों का शिकार करना इनके जिविकोपार्जन का साधन है। कमार जनजाति पितृसत्तात्मक समुदाय है। आर्थिक क्षेत्र में निर्णय लेने में महिलाएं स्वतंत्र है। इनके सामाजिक संगठन में समाज या जाति का स्थान महत्वपूर्ण होता है। सामजिक नियमों का पालन निर्धारित करने व उन पर निर्णय लेने हेतु कमार लोंगो की विशिष्ट निर्भरता होती है। कमार जनजाति में विवाह योग्य व्यस्क होने के बाद माना जाता है। इसमे विवाह प्रस्ताव लड़के पक्ष द्वारा रखा जाता है। विवाह तय होने पर ’’सुकधन’’ (वधुमूल्य) दिया जाता है। इनमे विवाह समान्यतः तीन दिन का होता है। विधवा पुनर्विवाह मान्य है। कमार जनजाति द्वारा मृतक को दफनाया जाता है। पांचवे या तेरहवें दिन मृत्यु भोज दिया जाता है। कमार जाति के लोंग आपसी विवाद का निपटारा पंचायत के माध्यम से करते है। कमार जनजाति की महिलाएं विवाह पूर्व या छोटी उम्र में गोदना गुदवाती है। स्त्रियां इसे अपना स्थायी आभूषण मानती है। गोदना गोदने का कार्य देवार जाति द्वारा किया जाता है।
नई शिक्षा नीति 2020 से संबंधित चुनौतियां (उच्च माध्यमिक शिक्षा के संदर्भ में)
Authors: Paliwal Rekha
Published: August 2024

हाल ही में प्रधानमंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी द्वारा नई राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति लाई गई जिसे सभी के परामर्श से तैयार किया गया है। इसे लाने के साथ ही देश में शिक्षा के पर व्यापक चर्चा आरंभ हो गई है। शिक्षा के संबंध में गांधी जी का तात्पर्य बालक और मनुष्य के शरीर, मन तथा आत्मा के सर्वांगीण एवं सर्वोत्कृष्ट विकास से है। इसी प्रकार स्वामी विवेकानंद का कहना था कि मनुष्य की अंर्तनिहित पूर्णता को अभिव्यक्त करना ही शिक्षा है। इन्हीं सब चर्चाओं के मध्य हम देखेंगे कि 1986 की शिक्षा नीति में ऐसी क्या कमियाँ रह गई थीं जिन्हें दूर करने के लिये नई राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नति को लाने की आवश्यकता पड़ी। साथ ही क्या यह नई राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति उन उद्देश्यों को पूरा करने में सक्षम होगी जिसका स्वप्न महात्मा गांधी और स्वामी विवेकानंद ने देखा था।
राजस्थान की सामाजिक व्यवस्था की दुर्दशा पर एक भौगोलिक अध्ययन
Authors: धाकड शिवलाल
Published: August 2024

भारतीय समाज एक बहुलवादी समाज है जिसमें एक जटिल सामाजिक व्यवस्था है जो जातीय] भाषाई] धार्मिक और जातिगत विभाजनों की भीड़ की विशेषता है। इसमें ग्रामीण] शहरी] आदिवासी समाज और भारतीयता के लोकाचार वाले सभी वर्गों में रहने वाले लोग शामिल हैं।
खजनी विकासखण्ड जनपद गोरखपुर में व्यावसायिक संरचना का वर्तमान प्रतिरूप
Authors: यादव अनूप , कुमार तिवारी प्रमोद
Published: August 2024

किसी प्रदेश या क्षेत्र की आर्थिक स्थिति का आंकलन वहाँ की व्यावसायिक संरचना के अध्ययन से लगाया जाता है। सामान्यतया यह अनुमान लगाया जाता है, कि सेवा क्षेत्र या तृतीयक क्षेत्र में किसी क्षेत्र की जनसंख्या का अधिक अनुपात है तो वह देश अधिक समृद्धशाली समझा जाता है। परन्तु कुछ विकसित देश जैसे-आस्ट्रेलिया जैसे देशों में प्राथमिक क्षेत्र का योगदान वहाँ के विकास स्तर में काफी अधिक है। प्रस्तुत शोध प्रपत्र में खजनी विकासखण्ड की व्यावसायिक संरचना का अध्ययन किया गया है तथा विकासखण्ड के विकास स्तर का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन प्रस्तुत किया गया है। विकासखण्ड में कुल जनसंख्या में कार्यशील एवं अकार्यशील जनसंख्या का अनुपात की गणना है, तथा इसके अलावा विभिन्न क्षेत्रों जैसे, कृषि, व्यवसाय, उद्योग एवं तृतीयक क्षेत्र में कार्य करने वाली जनसंख्या का भी तुलना की गयी है। कृषि क्षेत्र को दो खण्डों में विभाजित किया गया है। इसके अलावा पारिवारिक उद्योग, नौकरी, व्यवसाय आदि का अध्ययन प्रस्तुत किया गया है। इस शोध प्रपत्र में व्यावसायिक संरचना के अर्थ एवं महत्व को भी बताया गया है। निष्कर्ष रूप में यह बताया गया है कि मानव के सर्वांगीण विकास के लिए किस कार्य क्षेत्र का अधिक विकास करने की आवश्यकता है, का अध्ययन किया गया है।
A Comparative Study to Assess the Occupational Stress, Coping Strategies and Quality of Life among Governoment and Private Intermediate College Lecturers working in selected colleges at Guntur, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Kotakommula Koteswararao
Published: August 2024

The research is on comparative study of occupational stress, coping strategies and quality of life among teaching staff of Intermediate college lecturers working in Guntur. Concept of occupational stress has been of great debate among employers in different organizations and higher institutions since the last decades. Causal-comparative research design was adopted in the study and population comprised of lecturers in four Intermediate colleges in Guntur. the research hypotheses and questionnaires used as research instrument showed that there is significant difference between level of occupational stress to the coping strategies and quality of life among Private Intermediate colleges in Guntur. Percentage count table and Chi- square statistics was used to analyzed the questionnaire and hypotheses. Method: A Comparative study with Descriptive test design was used the simple random technique in which lottery method was used to select the samples for this study. Objectives: The design was adapted To assess, compare and to find the correlation of the level of occupational stress, coping strategies and quality of life among intermediate college lecturers working in the Government College and private college. Also to associate the occupational stress, coping strategies and quality of life with their selected demographic variable among them. Results: Mean, Standard deviation and Independent “t” test value of level of occupational stress, level of coping strategies and quality of life of intermediate college lecturers of government and private college lecturers In Government College the mean score in occupational stress was 33.02 with standard deviation of 14.39 where as in private college the mean score was 41 with standard deviation of 22.77. The calculated “t” test value was 2.094 which is statistically significant at the level of 0.05. In the level of coping strategies the mean score in Government College was 73.84 with standard deviation 11.2 and in private college the mean score was 80.1 with standard deviation of 12.9. The obtained independent “t” test value was 2.59 which is statistically significant the level of 0.05. The obtained mean score of quality of life in Government College was 15.3 with standard deviation 9.48 and in private college the mean score was 15.4 with standard deviation 12.8. The estimated independent “t” test value was 0.044 which is statistically not significant at 0.05 level. Conclusion: From the data of statistical findings, the occupational stress, poor coping strategies and low quality of life is effecting more in Private intermediate college lecturers than Government Intermediate college lecturers who were working in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh.
A Study to Access the Knowledge regarding Screening and Vaccination for the Prevention of Cervical Cancer among women aged 25-40 years in a selected hospital at Kidangoor
Authors: A Abhijith. , Joy Jasmin , John Joicee , George Nikhitha , Shaji Sharon , Baby Tessa , John Santy
Published: August 2024

A descriptive study was conducted the knowledge regarding screening and vaccination for the prevention of cervical cancer among women age 25 to 40 years in a selected Hospital at kidangoor convenient sampling technique was used to select samples from from women aged age 25 to 40 year the study sample consists of 14 women who came to the outside department of little lourdes mission Hospital. The data was collected using structured questionnaires to asses the knowledge regarding screening and vaccination for the prevention of cervical cancer the result show that among 14 samples 31(77.5%) have average knowledge regarding screening and vaccination for the prevention of cervical cancer. Only 4 (10%) have a good knowledge regarding screening and vaccination for the prevention of cervical cancer. The study findings revealed that there are no significant association between knowledge regarding screening and vaccination for the prevention of cervical cancer and demographic variables such as age, education, income, educational status and marital status.
Knowledge and Practice regarding the Domestic Waste Management among Households of selected rural community, Mangaluru
Authors: P. Madhushree , Baptist. Mable
Published: August 2024

The house in which we and our family live needs to be clean and hygienic for the good health of our family. Home is the first place from where waste management can be initiated. But the practice of basic concepts waste disposal are often neglected. More than 90% of waste in India is dumped in an unsatisfactory manner. The rapid growing population and urbanization, proliferation of slums is all contributing to the generation of increased volume of garbage. There are millions of tons of waste is generated as a result of the ordinary day to day use of a domestic premises. As per the research study Bangalore generates around 1500-2000 tons of solid waste daily. Average solid waste generation in Mangalore city is 226tons/day. The present investigation was aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of households regarding domestic waste management, and to find out an association between knowledge and practice scores with selected demographic variables among households. The non-experimental typical descriptive research design was used in the study and non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to draw the sample. The data was collected from 80 households using the structured knowledge questionnaire and practice checklist. The collected data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study findings revealed that on assessing the levels of knowledge, Majority of the subjects (52.5%) had only moderate knowledge with total mean and SD of 10.05±3.990 and majority of the subjects had (73.8%) moderate practice score on waste management with total mean and SD of 18.09± 5.413. The knowledge and practice scores in relation to selected demographic variables were compared and tested statistically using chi- square test and found that there is no significant association between knowledge and practice. The overall findings of the study suggest that there is a need for educating the households regarding the proper domestic waste management. All households must take a key role in housekeeping and disposing domestic waste.
A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Reverse Pressure Softening Technique on Level of Breast Engorgement and Breast Feeding Among Postnatal Mothers in Selected Hospitals at Fatepura
Authors: Mahida Hinal , Rajshree Rajshree , Justin Doss. K Jeenath
Published: August 2024

The reduction of level of breast engorgement has an important role of reverse pressure softening as independent variable. To assess the effectiveness of the reverse pressure softening on breast engorgement among cesarean mother in selected hospital at Godhra. Pre- experimental design one group pretest – posttest design was used to conduct the study. Vardan maternity hospital has been selected for conducting the study. The sample size was 40 patents having breast complication. The study was conducted at Vardhan maternity hospital. Collected data will be analyzed descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages. The association between effectiveness of structure teaching programme will be analyzed by t-test. The effectiveness of reverse pressure softening on level of breast engorgement was revealed in the post-test that there was significance improvement in health condition and reduce the level of breast engorgement with application reverse pressure softening techniques. The obtained “t-test” value for the level of knowledge on prevention and management of selected breast complication 53.768 that was highly significance at p<0.001 level the hypothesis was accepted.
CBCT EVALUATION METHODS IN ORTHODONTICS – REVIEW AND CLINICAL CORRELATION
Authors:   Medico - Dental clinic “Yanev Medico Dent” Sofia, Bulgaria., Yanev Nikolay , Yordanova Greta ,   Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria., Emiliyanov Emanuel ,   Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Published: August 2024

In recent years, digital technologies have entered every field of dentistry, allowing the practice to adapt to new and alternative diagnostic and treatment approaches. Every day in the clinical practice, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations are used. This modality is applicable in every phase of orthodontic or surgical dental or maxillofacial work, from diagnosis, treatment planning, design and fabrication of orthodontic appliances, patient records, growth prognosis, prediction of treatment outcomes etc. In orthodontics particularly, a large spectrum of CBCT studies find their role, in particular - CBCT of the whole skull, which allows a number of analyses and evaluations that cannot be performed on smaller volume images and CBCT of separately one or two jaws. Nowadays, the accessibility to the CBCT examinations is facilitated - almost every X-ray laboratory has a CBCT machine, and there are dozens of software for processing and editing readily available, even with free license. The CBCT and its extremely wide range of applications make it paramount in the orthodontics workflow.
Breast parenchyma leiomyoma: A diagnostic challenge to treat
Authors:   Breast Imaging Department, «St. Savvas» Oncologic Hospital, Athens, Greece., IA Georgiou
Published: August 2024

Breast leiomyoma is an infrequent entity and accounts for less than 1% of all breast tumors. The disease may affect both sexes with a preference for middle-aged women and its etiology still remains unclear. The nipple and subareolar area harbor the neoplasm in the majority of cases, however the intraparenchymal location, especially in older women has been noted. Histologically, this mesenchymal tumor derives from smooth muscle cells metaplasia or from myofibroblastic cells of the subareolar area. Triple assessment makes up the basic diagnostic tool. Surgical resection in macroscopic clear margins contributes not only to diagnosis but also rules out malignancy. Herein, we present our case of intramammary leiomyoma with a parallel review of world literature.
Endoscopic Closure of Duodenal Perforation using Intracavitary Endoscopic Negative Pressure Therapy
Authors:   Department for Gastroenterology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany., Misovic Milan , C Braig ,   Department for Gastroenterology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany., M Weiner ,   Department of General Surgery, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany., S Koyyala ,   Department of Radiology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany., S Pielmayer ,   Department of Anaesthesiology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany., S Muehldorfer ,   Department for Gastroenterology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany.
Published: August 2024

Regardless of the cause of a duodenal perforation, operative treatment remains a fundamental therapeutic choice. The endoscopic closure of leaks is helpful only for fresh defects without an accompanying infection and is limited by the size of the defect. However, the operative treatment of duodenal perforations in the population of older and multimorbid patients is associated with a high morbidity, as well as mortality. Here, we describe a successful case of an endoscopic closure of a duodenal perforation in the bulbus using intracavitary endoscopic negative pressure therapy in a 68-year-old patient initially operated because of an acute cholecystitis with focal gallbladder perforation involving the duodenal wall. Over the course of time a secondary perforation of the duodenum was diagnosed, and a reoperation with a suturing of the duodenum did not lead to complete closure of the defect. Three weeks of intracavitary endoscopic negative pressure therapy led to the successful closure of the duodenal defect. This type of therapy can be an excellent alternative to surgery, for treating duodenal perforations in selected patients.
Current Evolution in Target Therapies for Blood Cancers
Authors:   Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, University Avenue 37, 00185, Rome, Italy., Palladino Mariangela
Published: August 2024

Target therapy represents a significant step forward in the treatment of malignant tumors. These therapies typically address to molecular pathways essential for the growth and replication of neoplastic cells. Given their peculiar mode of action, they constitute an overcoming of chemotherapy which, as known, affects both the proliferating cancer cells and normal cells indiscriminately. Thanks to the discovery and synthesis of compounds that interact with specific molecular defects, antineoplastic pharmacology is continually enriched with “cell-selective therapy”. In this way, we move from a cure based on the disease to an increasingly personalized therapy. Important pharmacological targets are represented by: cell receptors, growth factors, transcription factors, signal transducers, cell cycle regulators, apoptosis modulators, angiogenetic factors, immune cells.
Mantle Cell Lymphoma- A Rare Occurrence: Case Report
Authors:   Department of Pathology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune-411040, India., Aggarwal Akshat K , Kaur Gurpreet ,   Department of Pathology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune-411040, India., Ali Aneez ,   Department of Pathology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune-411040, India., Ahuja Ankur ,   Department of Pathology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune-411040, India., Venkastesan Somasundaram ,   Department of Pathology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune-411040, India.
Published: August 2024

Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) is a relatively uncommon yet distinct type of malignant lymphoma whose clinical and pathological characterization has been limited by the small numbers of cases published to date. It comprises 3-7% of all Hodgkin’s lymphoma cases, with a median diagnosis age of 68 years. Based on immunophenotypic and molecular data, MCL is a neoplasm composed of cells resembling those residing in follicular mantle zones. Although MCL usually presents as advanced disease some patients may present with more limited (stages I-I) disease. We present the case of a 41-year-old male who exhibited generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. Peripheral smear showed absolute lymphocytosis and the bone marrow biopsy and flow cytometry identified the condition as mantle cell lymphoma. The patient’s management required a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating haematological, molecular, and genetic evaluations. Treatment included hyper-CVAD chemotherapy. Proteasome inhibitors (Bortezomib), mTOR inhibitors (Temsirolimus), and immunomodulatory drugs (Lenalidomide) have recently been added to the treatment options in MCL.This case underscores the significance of comprehensive evaluation and customized therapeutic strategies and re looking an old diagnosis in managing complex haematological disorders.
Surgical Procedures for the Non-Surgeon: A Rheumatology Perspective
Authors:   Emeritus Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan Health System Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA., W Ike Robert , Kalunian Kenneth C ,   Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, USA.
Published: August 2024

Each specialty of medicine (and surgery) employs certain technical procedures appropriate to their specialty. Occasionally, those procedures require performance in an operating room environment. With the O.R. considered the province of the surgeon, such trespass by non-surgeons is not always well accepted. Rheumatologists seeking to develop arthroscopy as a tool for arthritis patients encountered such resistance but were able to persist and now perform any arthroscopy exclusively in a clinic or procedure room setting. Other procedures now performed by rheumatologists - arthrocentesis, joint washout, synovial biopsy, and labial salivary gland biopsy (lip biopsy) -all had their beginnings in the operating room, but no longer require such an environment. Non-surgeons - including rheumatologists - seeking to develop new invasive procedures may continue to utilize the O.R. in early stages when caution and safety concerns demand high level support, and sterile technique. The history of development of these procedures shows a common path to bedside performance. Any O.R. turf touched by a non-surgeon is only temporary.
Effect of Field Size Dependence on Dose Rate on Co-60 Teletherapy Unit at BINOR
Authors: Muhammad Zahid Khan
Published: August 2024

Background: Cancer, defined as the uncontrolled proliferation of malignant cells, is a serious hazard. Radiotherapy, which employs high-energy radiation, seeks to break cancer cell DNA. Due to the significant consequences involved, accuracy is of utmost importance. Before commencing radiation therapy, thorough quality assurance procedures are carried out. The Percentage Depth Dose (PDD) is employed to ensure accurate dose measurement. The research utilized Cobalt-60 Teletherapy, which produces gamma radiation at energy levels of 1.17 MeV and 1.33 MeV, to assess the various field widths observed in PDD. In this experiment, the percentage depth dose (PDD) was evaluated by using a Farmer chamber, water phantom, PC electrometer, ionization chamber, computer software and barometer. The chamber was used throughout a range of field sizes, which varied from 5x5cm2 to 20x20cm2.The TRS-398 approach was employed to assess the radiation dose. Comparable findings were observed when conducting comparisons with published PDD data for cobalt-60 beams. The accumulation dose zone was found to be located approximately 0.5 cm below the surface, coinciding with the maximum (Zmax) dose site. The absorbed amount of radiation resulted in a decrease in the percentage depth dose (PDD) below the given depth.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/pst.643
Antitüberküler Bileşiklerde Piperazin Yapısı
Authors: Zengin Merve , Doğanel Seyitcan , Tan Oya Ünsal
Published: August 2024

Tüberküloz, Mycobacterium tuberculosis basilinin sebep olduğu öldürücü, bulaşıcı bir hastalıktır. Çoklu ilaca dirençli tüberküloz suşlarının ortaya çıkması hastalığın tedavisini zorlaştırmıştır. Bu nedenle ilaç direncinin üstesinden gelebilecek ve düşük yan etkili güçlü antitüberküler bileşiklerin geliştirilmesi acil bir ihtiyaçtır. Piperazin, iki adet azot atomu ile birbirine bağlı iki metilen grubundan oluşan bir siklik yapıdır. FDA tarafından onaylanan ilaçlarda piperazin yapısı en çok kullanılan heterosiklik halkalardan biridir. Piperazin ve türevleri, çeşitli farmakolojik etkilere sahip birçok bileşiğin yapısında yer almaktadır. Rifampisin, siprofloksasin ve ofloksasin yapısında piperazin taşıyan antitüberküler ilaçlardan bazılarıdır. Bu derleme, piperazin içeren antitüberküler ilaçlar üzerinde yapılan son araştırmaları gözden geçirmekte ve yenilikçi antitüberküler bileşiklerin tasarımına yardımcı olmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Body Aware: Adolescents’ and Young Adults’ Lived Experiences of Body Awareness
Authors: Pérez-Peña Marbella , Notermans Jessica , Petit Jeanne , Van der Gucht Katleen , Philippot Pierre
Published: August 2024

Paying attention to body sensations has been associated with many positive outcomes such as increased subjective well-being, enhanced emotion regulation, and reduced symptom reports. Furthermore, body awareness has an important therapeutic utility in the treatment of various psychological ailments. Despite its importance in mental health, there is very little research on body awareness during adolescence and young adulthood – important developmental periods characterized by bodily changes and the development of one’s relationship to one’s body. Therefore, the present qualitative study sought to explore how body awareness is understood, experienced, and described by adolescents and young adults. Four online focus groups were conducted with young people between the ages of 14 and 24 (N = 20). Thematic analyses revealed a multidimensional and highly contextualized understanding and experience of body awareness in this age group. In general, young people reported mainly attending to intense and unpleasant body sensations with a particular attitude (e.g., accepting or avoidant) depending on the type of sensation, leading to a variety of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral reactions to these sensations. These processes were embedded in an underlying schema of beliefs about body awareness and an overarching physical and socio-cultural context. Results further revealed a more nuanced experience and understanding of body awareness in women and in young adults. The present findings can be used as a foundation for the development of body awareness theoretical frameworks and self-report instruments for youth and can aid the generating of hypotheses for future research on body awareness in this age group.
OPTIMALISASI PERAN KADER BALITA DALAM PENATALAKSANAAN STUNTING
Authors: Africia Fresty , Pratiwi Yuliansari  , Nurin Fauziyah  , Vide B. Dinastiti  , Fannidya H. Zeho
Published: August 2024

Abstrak
Stunting adalah kondisi gagal tumbuh pada anak balita dengan tanda tinggi badannya berada di bawah standar. Stunting mempunyai dampak yang buruk pada anak jika tidak segera ditangani. Kader merupakan salah satu unsur pendukung keberhasilan dalam pemantauan pertumbuhan balita. Sehingga kader perlu untuk selalu mendapatkan edukasi untuk diteruskan ke masyarakat. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan peran kader balita dalam penatalaksanaan stunting dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang stunting. Kegiatan dilaksanakan tanggal 14-15 Juni 2023 di Kelurahan Kaliombo Kota Kediri, dengan sasaran 44 kader balita. Kegiatan hari pertama berupa pendidikan kesehatan melalui media power point dengan materi stunting dan peran kader posyandu serta membagikan booklet kepada kader balita. Kegiatan hari kedua berupa kunjungan ke rumah keluarga dengan anak stunting bersama dengan kader balita, bidan desa, dan petugas Puskesmas Kota Wilayah Selatan Kediri. Evaluasi kegiatan menggunakan alat ukur kuesioner dengan hasil baik untuk peran kader balita. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat terhadap kader balita dapat meningkatkan peran dan fungsi kader balita di Kelurahan Kaliombo Kota Kediri. Penalaksanaan stunting membutuhkan kader yang memiliki pengetahuan, pemahaman, keterampilan dan berperan aktif dalam melaksanakan perannya.
Kata kunci: Peran, Kader, Balita, Stunting
Abstract
Stunting is a condition of failure to grow in children under five years old whose height was below standard. Stunting harms children if it is not treated immediately. Cadre is one of the supporters of success in monitoring the growth of children. So that cadres need to always get education for things related to the community. This community service activity aims to optimize the role of toddler cadres in the management of stunting through increased knowledge about stunting. The activity was held on August 14-15, 2023, at Kaliombo Village Kediri City, targeting 44 toddler cadres. On the first day, this activity is in the form of health education in powerpoint, the material presented was about stunting and the role of posyandu cadres and distributing booklets to toddler cadres. The second day's activities consisted of visiting the homes of families with stunted children together with toddler cadres, village midwives, and officers at the City Health Center in the Southern Region of Kediri. Evaluation of community service activities has used a questionnaire with good results for the roles of toddler cadres. The community service activity to toddler cadres can optimize the role and function of toddler cadres at Kaliombo Village Kediri City. Stunting management requires cadres who have knowledge, skills, and are active in carrying out their roles.
Keywords: Role, Cadres, Toddler, Stunting
PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN TENTANG PERSONAL HYGIENE DI MASA PUBERTAS PADA SISWA KELAS 5 DAN KELAS 6 DI SDN WATES KECAMATAN WATES
Authors: Tria Jaya Susanti , Nurin Fauziyah
Published: August 2024

Tahapan perkembangan manusia salah satunya adalah pubertas. Pada masa pubertas terjadi perubahan diri dari masa kanak – kanak menuju dewasa, sehingga terjadi perubahan fisik, sikap, perilaku dan pematangan organ reproduksi. Pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan dengan  meningkatkan pengetahuan siswi Sekolah dasar (SD) yang memasuki usia pra remaja tentang bagaimana menjaga kebersihan diri / personal hygiene di masa pubertas pada anak SDN Wates. SDN Wates merupakan salah satu sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Kediri. Setiap tingkat dibagi dalam 3 kelas pembelajaran. Dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini diikuti oleh 120 siswa kelas 4 dan 5.  Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa SD  tentang personal hygiene di masa pubertas. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan dilakukan secara langsung melalui pendidikan kesehatan dengan media LCD dan Tanya jawab. Hasil kegiatan yang dilaksanakan berjalan lancar, siswa kelas 4 dan 5 sebagai peserta berperan aktif dalam proses kegiatan. Evaluasi menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan baik tentang personal hygiene pada masa pubertas sebanyak 83,33%  pada post test dari pengetahuan cukup sebesar 54,2% pada pre test. Pengetahuan siswa SD tentang personal hygiene di masa pubertas penting diberikan. Diharapkan dengan kegiatan ini terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan siswa SD terhadap personal hygiene dimasa pubertas untuk membentuk generasi yang sehat dan berkualitas.
Kata kunci : personal hygiene, pubertas, siswa SD
 
Abstract  
One of the stages of human development is puberty. During puberty there is a change in oneself from childhood to adulthood, resulting in physical changes, attitudes, behavior, and maturation of the reproductive organs. Community service is carried out by increasing the knowledge of elementary school (SD) students entering pre-adolescence about how to maintain personal hygiene during puberty for elementary school children at SDN Wates. SDN Wates is one of the elementary schools in Kediri Regency. Each level is divided into 3 learning classes. This community service activity was attended by 120 students in grades 4 and 5. This community service activity aimed to increase elementary school students' knowledge about personal hygiene during puberty. The method of implementing activities is carried out directly through health education using LCD and question-and-answer media. The results of the activities carried out ran smoothly, 4th and 5th-grade students as participants played an active role in the activity process. The evaluation shows an increase in good knowledge about personal hygiene during puberty by 83.33%. It is important to provide elementary school students with knowledge about personal hygiene during puberty. It is hoped that with this activity there will be an increase in elementary school student's knowledge of personal hygiene during puberty to form a healthy and high-quality generation.
Keywords : personal hygiene, puberty, elementary school students
PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUN REMAJA TENTANG KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN PERILAKU SEKSUAL BERISIKO
Authors: Africia Fresty , Nirmala KS  , Dwi Rahayu  , Erni Rahmawati  , Pratiwi Yuliansari
Published: August 2024

Remaja merupakan masa tansisi dari anak-anak menuju dewasa. Remaja suatu periode yang kritis, serta dimulainya eksplorasi terhadap hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan seksual dan romantisme. Tanpa dibekali dengan pengetahuan kesehatan reproduksi yang baik, akan ada banyak masalah kesehatan reproduksi bagi remaja termasuk remaja akan cenderung berperilaku seksual berisiko. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahun remaja tentang kesehatan reproduksi melalui edukasi kesehatan. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian masayarakat ini dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapan, diantaranya persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi kegiatan. Kegiatan dilaksanakan tanggal 13 Agustus 2023 di Desa Sambirobyong Kabupaten Kediri, sasaran 16 remaja. Kegiatan berupa pendidikan kesehatan melalui media power point dan video edukasi dengan materi defnisi dan klasifikasi remaja, perubahan pada remaja, cara menjaga kebersihan organ reproduksi, serta masalah-masalah kesehatan reproduksi. Evaluasi kegiatan edukasi kesehatan dilakukan dengan memberikan pre-test dan post-test untuk mengetahui dampak kegiatan edukasi kesehatan yang dilakukan. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilakukan ini dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan remaja, yaitu didapatkan data sebelum edukasi nilai mean 65 dan sesudah edukasi nilai mean 81,87. Dengan pengetahuan yang baik diharapkan dapat meminimalkan perilaku seksual berisiko pada remaja sehingga angka pernikahan dini juga menurun.
Kata kunci: kesehatan reproduksi, pengetahuan, remaja,
Abstract
Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adulthood. Adolescence was a critical period, and it was the beginning of concerning sexual and romanticism. Without good reproductive health knowledge, there were more problems of reproductive health in adolescents that related to sexual behavior. This community service activity aims to increase adolescents’s knowledge about reproductive health through health education. The methods of community service activity were preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The activity was held on August 13, 2023, at Sambirobyong Village, Kediri Regency, targeting 16 adolescents. This activity is in the form of health education in PowerPoint and an educational video with material on the definition and classification of adolescents, changes in adolescents, how to maintain the cleanliness of reproductive organs, and reproductive health problems. Evaluation of community service activities has used a questionnaire by giving pre-tests and post-tests to determine the impact of health education. Health education through community service activity to adolescents can increase knowledge, the data obtained before education has a mean value of 65 and after education the mean value is 81,87. Good knowledge can minimize risky sexual behavior in teenagers so that the rate of early marriage also decreases.
 Keywords: reproductive health, knowledge  adolescen
PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN PADA KADER POSYANDU TENTANG PENTINGNYA TUMBUH KEMBANG BALITA DI DESA BABADAN KECAMATAN NGANCAR
Authors: Tria Jaya Susanti , Luluk Susiloningtyas  , Bambang Wiseno  , Fannindya Hamdani Zeho  , Nurin Fauziyah
Published: August 2024

Abstrak  
Masa balita merupakan tahapan periode penting perkembangan manusia, karena merupakan periode emas pertumbuhan dan perkembangan penting yang menentukan kualitas hidup anak. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah untuk mengoptimalkan tumbuh kembang anak dilakukan melalui kegiatan Posyandu. Desa Babadan  merupakan salah satu desa di lereng Gunung Kelud di Kabupaten Kediri yang mempunyai 25 balita dengan masalah pertumbuhan dan perkembangan. Pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan kader Posyandu tentang pentingnya  pertumbuhan dan perkembangan balita di Desa Babadan Kecamatan Ngancar.  Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan dilakukan secara langsung melalui pendidikan kesehatan dengan media LCD dan Tanya jawab. Hasil kegiatan yang dilaksanakan berjalan lancar, 25 kader posyandu sebagai peserta berperan aktif dalam proses kegiatan. Evaluasi menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan baik tentang pengetahuan  tentang pentingnya  pertumbuhan dan perkembangan balita sebanyak 88%. Pengetahuan kader posyandu tentang pentingnya  pertumbuhan dan perkembangan balita sangat penting untuk diberikan. Diharapkan dengan kegiatan ini terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan kader posyandu terhadap tentang pentingnya  pertumbuhan dan perkembangan balita untuk membentuk generasi yang sehat dan berkualitas.
Kata kunci : tumbuh kembang balita, kader posyandu
 
Abstract  
Toddlerhood is an important period of human development because it is an important golden period of growth and development that determines the quality of a child's life. One of the efforts made by the government to optimize children's growth and development is through Posyandu activities. Babadan Village is one of the villages on the slopes of Mount Kelud in Kediri Regency which has 25 toddlers with growth and development problems. Community service is carried out by increasing the knowledge of Posyandu cadres about the importance of the growth and development of toddlers in Babadan Village, Ngancar District.  Implementing activities is done directly through health education using LCD and question-and-answer media. The results of the activities ran smoothly, 25 posyandu cadres as participants played an active role in the activity process. The evaluation showed an increase in good knowledge regarding the importance of the growth and development of toddlers by 82%. It is very important to provide posyandu cadres with knowledge about the importance of growth and development for toddlers. It is hoped that with this activity there will be an increase in posyandu cadres' knowledge of the importance of the growth and development of toddlers to form a healthy and high-quality generation.
 Keywords: toddler growth and development, posyandu cadres
Self-care experience supported among people with chronic non-communicable diseases in primary health care
Authors: Maria Oliveira de Souza Josiane , Ferreira Bezerra Tarsila , Oliveira da Silva Antonia Lêda , Da Silva Magro Marcia Cristina , Da Paixão Duarte Tayse Tâmara , Silva Paredes Moreira Maria Adelaide , Luiz Telles José
Published: August 2024

Objective: to highlight the knowledge of people with chronic non-communicable diseases about their experiences with supported self-care in the context of primary health care. Method: this is a qualitative exploratory study with 34 users, with hypertension and/or diabetes, in primary care, after implementing supported self-care for twelve months. Collection was through semi-structured interviews and textual data analysis was performed using the ALCESTE software, version 2018. Results: the corpus had a utilization rate of 76%, divided into three semantic classes: class 1: Dichotomy between attention person-centered and centered physician; class 2: Recognition of self-care in improving adherence to healthier behaviors; class 3: Appreciation of the applicability of the self-care plan. Final considerations: supported self-care demonstrates benefits, such as: greater adherence to behaviors that are fundamental to controlling and maintaining health, increased self-esteem and improved quality of life. However, it still revealed a strong influence of the medical-centered model and the need for greater investment in strategies to encourage self-management.
Economical and technical analysis of steel and reinforced concrete structures in high standart small buildings
Authors: Silva Fellipe Gonçalves Pereira da , Mendes Luiz Carlos
Published: August 2024

This paper aims to analyse the technical and economic feasibility of  a high-standart residence construction using  steel structures. The advantages of steel structures, including durability, strength, quick construction, architectural versatility, environmental sustainability, low maintenance, and property value appreciation, are analysed. The study takes account of high standards in construction materials and   international Codes. After choosing steel structures, a comparison with reinforced concrete is made. Cost analysis, construction time evaluation, and the development of a project timeline are also analysed.
Reflection on the psychological suffering of elementary school teachers: the perspective of psychodynamics of work
Authors: Lourenço Vanessa Ramos , Santos Natânia Candeira dos , Valente Geilsa Soraia Cavalcanti , Cortez Elaine Antunes
Published: August 2024

Female elementary school teachers are suffering from psychic distress, as they experience various mental health problems due to the attributes of the profession and the accumulation of domestic activities. Objective: to reflect on the contributions of the Psychodynamics of Work to the psychological suffering of elementary school teachers. Methodology: theoretical reflection focusing on the convergences and specificities of Dejours' and Molinier's Psychodynamics of Work, and their contributions to the psychological suffering of female teachers. Results: Because they experience different experiences from men in the workplace, such as: an overload of activities, weaknesses in job and salary plans, school failure and demands with a high affective load, female teachers can suffer negative impacts on their mental health, leading to psychological distress. Conclusion: It is necessary to reflect on the condition of psychological distress among female teachers, taking into account the specificities of daily teaching, the socio-historical context and the adversities of women's work, motivating initiatives to create collective discussion spaces, support networks and public policies to minimize suffering and prevent future illnesses.
Knowledge of community health agents about stroke
Authors: Souza Daniela , Pompeo Carolina , Frota Oleci , Junior Marcos , Gasparino Renata , Coimbra Thamiris
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was to measure the knowledge of community health agents (CHA) about stroke. This is a cross-sectional study carried out by applying a validated questionnaire to 235 CHAs from 16 basic health units from June to July 2023. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics techniques. Women predominated, the majority were brown/yellow and aged 40-49 years. The average age of the CHAs was 44.49 ± 8.55 years; more than 80% had worked for more than five years, 50% had primary education and 66.4% had no training in health. Knowledge ranged from poor (36.2%), bad (29.8%), regular (13.2%), good (17.9%), very good (2.1%), and excellent (0. 9%). The variables that demonstrated the highest number of correct answers were: married participants (p=0.048), with higher education (p<0.001), health training (p=0.02), and less than five years as a CHA (p<0.001) and stocking time (p=0.029).   The section on treatment performed less well. The CHWs' knowledge about stroke was predominantly poor and bad, with a lower percentage of correct answers for those with longer professional experience.