bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Approach in the Construction of Bioethanol-Producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hybrids
Authors: Štafa Anamarija , Žunar Bojan , Pranklin Andrea , Zandona Antonio , Svetec Miklenić Marina , Šantek Božidar , Svetec Ivan Krešimir
Published: December 2018

Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic hydrolysates requires a producer strain that tolerates both the presence of growth and fermentation inhibitors and high ethanol concentrations. Therefore, we constructed heterozygous intraspecies hybrid diploids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by crossing two natural S. cerevisiae isolates, YIIc17_E5 and UWOPS87-2421, a good ethanol producer found in wine and a strain from the flower of the cactus Opuntia megacantha resistant to inhibitors found in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, respectively. Hybrids grew faster than parental strains in the absence and in the presence of acetic and levulinic acids and 2-furaldehyde, inhibitors frequently found in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, and the overexpression of YAP1 gene increased their survival. Furthermore, although originating from the same parental strains, hybrids displayed different fermentative potential in a CO2 production test, suggesting genetic variability that could be used for further selection of desirable traits. Therefore, our results suggest that the construction of intraspecies hybrids coupled with the use of genetic engineering techniques is a promising approach for improvement or development of new biotechnologically relevant strains of S. cerevisiae. Moreover, it was found that the success of gene targeting (gene targeting fidelity) in natural S. cerevisiae isolates (YIIc17_E5α and UWOPS87-2421α) was strikingly lower than in laboratory strains and the most frequent off-targeting event was targeted chromosome duplication.
Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays using Infrared-Fluorescent DNA Probes v1
Authors: Van Dyke Michael , Cox James
Published: December 2018

Protein-DNA binding interactions are critical in several biological processes,especiallythe regulation of gene expression at the level of transcription initiation. An important technique for studyingthese interactions is the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), whereby protein-DNA complexes are resolved on the basis of their mass:charge ratio using native polyacrylamidegel electrophoresis (nPAGE).Here we describe EMSA using PCR-generated, near infrared-fluorescent DNA probes,and IR fluorescence imaging to qualitatively and quantitatively study the interaction of transcriptional regulatory proteins fromthermophilic organisms with different DNAs. Direct imaging of IR fluorophore-labeled DNA probes is advantageous because itprovides high sensitivity (subnanomolar) without the need for intermediate staining steps or costly and problematic radiolabeled probes,thereby providing a more affordable and sensitive option to image protein-DNA on polyacrylamide gels by techniques such as EMSA.
Design and PCR Synthesis of Infrared Fluorophore-Labeled Modular DNA Probes v1
Authors: Van Dyke Michael
Published: December 2018

IR fluorophore-modified DNAs and IR fluorescence imaging provide a safe and effective alternative for investigating ligand-DNA interactions than those involving radioactivity. These DNAs can be synthesized by conventional phosphoramidite chemistries and are commercially available. However, they are relatively expensive, which can be prohibitive if many different DNA probes are required. Described here is the design of modular DNA probes that can be synthesized by PCR using conventional templates and a defined set of IR fluorophore-modified primers. These have been found effective for investigating protein-DNA interactions in a variety of assays, including Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays (EMSA), Restriction Endonuclease Protection Assays (REPA), and the iterative selection method Restriction Endonuclease Protection, Selection, and Amplification (REPSA).
To the 25th anniversary of the Constitution of the Russian Federation
Authors: Pimonov V.A.
Published: December 2018

In December 2018, the country celebrates the 25th anniversary of the Russian Constitution. The current (fifth) Constitution of Russia was adopted for the first time in the history of Russian constitutionalism by popular vote.
Now there are many critics of the current Basic law of Russia, claiming its illegitimacy (citing as evidence the argument that the Constitution did not vote for almost half of the population) and even the anti-people character, citing the fact that eliminated the system of Councils, including the Congress of people's deputies.
At the same time, opponents do not take into account that they can now freely criticize the current Basic law of the state without fear of repression.
The Constitution of the Russian Federation fixed an important norm according to which the person, his rights and freedoms are the highest value (Art. 2). Chapter 2 of the Basic law is devoted entirely to the personal, political, socio-economic rights and freedoms of the individual.
One of the main advantages of the Constitution of the Russian Federation is that both advanced ideas of liberal social and legal philosophy and communitarianism are woven into its text.
Experience in combining rehabilitation and rehabilitation approaches in the work on the prevention of recidivism among minors in the work of the court
Authors: Gartvik E.V. , Krasnik V.
Published: December 2018

The article deals with the experience of the Kalininsky District Court of Chelyabinsk on the prevention of juvenile delinquency. It is noted that for effective prevention of relapse among juvenile offenders it is not enough only to confess guilt, to apologize to the victim, to compensate for the damage caused. Prevention of juvenile delinquency should be a complex system of interacting services and departments, as well as forms and methods of work aimed at: identifying and neutralizing adverse social conditions that adversely affect the adolescent's psyche; identification of adolescents falling into "risk groups", carrying out preventive and corrective work with them. A complex of preventive measures implemented in the practice of the court is of a combined nature. Restorative procedures are applied in the form of mediation, which is aimed at restoring the situation, admission of guilt by the person guilty of forming a readiness to make amends for the harm done and "cure" the victim. For the psychological rehabilitation of the offender, we use a rehabilitation approach. More than 90% of the examined minors whose criminal records were referred to the court had a mental trauma caused by the loss of one of the parents (divorce or death of one of them). Procedures for rehabilitation are in the work with child psychic trauma, which, violating the integrity of the "personality-subject" system, is a predictor of criminal behavior. As a result, for the period from 2015 to 2017. among minors who have gone through the mediation and therapy of child psychiatric trauma, to date, there has not been a single case of relapse.
Safety in the structure of values of young people living in an urban environment
Authors: Levickaya T.E. , Trenkaeva N.A. , Kozlova N.V. , Bogomaz S.A. , Cexmejstruk E.A.
Published: December 2018

The article presents a study of psychological safety in the structure of values of young people living in an urban environment. Also, the gender factor was taken into account to understand young people’s social expectations and as an explanatory framework for the individual fate of each person. The results show that in both young men and women the value of safety is built into the very value context that is fundamental for young people at a certain stage of their life. These studies show that it is a sense of safety that creates real opportunities to meet the natural and social needs of the present and provides grounds for confidence in the future.
The semantic sphere of adolescents who use psychoactive substances
Authors: Oshevsky D.S. , Kudimova T.A.
Published: December 2018

The article presents the results of an empirical study aimed at revealing the features of the semantic sphere in juveniles abusing psychoactive substances. Thirty teenagers aged from 14 to 16 were examined. The main group included minors who use psychoactive substances and undergo rehabilitation at the narcological dispensary. A set of methods for studying the semantic sphere wasused. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that adolescents who use psychoactive substances show a less developed structure of meanings. In the formation of chemical dependence in adolescence, there is a clear deficit in the sense regulation of activity. Prosocial values in the semantic structure do not occupy leading positions. They are characterized by weak self-understanding and reflectivity, which are combined with increased egocentrism. In juveniles with addictive behavior, positively stained assessments and self-evaluation categories are associated with drug use. This pattern can be considered as a risk factor for further narcotization and inadequate focus on overcoming the existing dependence.
Deprivation of parental rights through the prism of appeal
Authors: Koval N.V. , Zenkin A.N.
Published: December 2018

The article raises the question of the application to parents of extreme measures of family legal responsibility-deprivation of parental rights. Turning to the constitutional status of the family in the Russian Federation, determining the policy of the state, the authors show the fundamental importance of the family and the role of parents in the upbringing of children. Arguing over the nature of their freedom to act in the performance of their child-rearing duties, the authors analyze the legislative prohibitions that restrict such freedom in cases where the latter begin to act contrary to the interests of the child. The purpose and the closed list of the bases for application of a punishment measure in the form of deprivation of parental rights (Art. 69 of the RF IC) is opened, it is specified on their detailed explanations by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. Familiarization with them shows the complexity and ambiguity in the assessment of the same circumstances that lead various courts to diametrically opposed decisions on the possibility of deprivation of parental rights. The analysis of the regional judicial practice allowed the authors to look at the problem through the eyes of the court of appeal, as well as to summarize and formulate the grounds that formed the basis of the appellate rulings that overturn the decisions of lower courts on the issue under consideration.
Social media and youth: the risk of radicalization
Authors: Tikhonova A.D.
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this article is the socio-psychological analysis of the process of radicalization of young people through the use of social media. The article considers the role of social networks in the life of modern youth, touches upon the problem of "clip" consciousness in the perception of media space, and analyzes the features of the radicalization process through the use of modern media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook.It is noted that online chats today are a key tool for radicalization of young people. It is emphasized that social media contribute to the fact that young people have a distorted picture of the world, which ultimately contributes to the loss of a sense of self-identification and the emergence of uncertainty. Extremism and radicalization are considered as a way to overcome uncertainty in the modern world, as well as an attempt to solve the lack of time. The article discusses that the state of boredom and a sense of uncertainty are fertile ground for radicalization of young people.
The problem of social adaptation of the family of a child with severe psychophysical disorder
Authors: Tsapina S.Y.
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to the identification and overcoming of the psychological problems of the family of a child with severe psychophysical disorder. According to our hypothesis, psychological difficulties prevent parents from taking advantage of opportunities, provided by Russian laws. The target group included 39 children with cerebral palsy in combination with severe mental retardation, and 46 adult family members (33 women, 7 men). The control group included 37 healthy children and 37 adult family members (30 mothers, 7 fathers). The methods of psychological and pedagogical examination of children, standard and original questionnaires for parents were applied. It is shown that the passivity of parents in the search for social support is caused by the uncertainty of their ideas about the future, a decrease in the level of meaningfulness of life, depressive states. Psychological assistance provided to parents during the study led to an increase in social adaptation of families. It was concluded that the support system for families with children suffering from severe psychophysical disorders should be complemented by social patronage and psychological monitoring.
Diagnostic and forensic assessment of the psychological consequences of sexual violence and abuse against girls
Authors: Nutskova E.V.
Published: December 2018

The article presents the results of a comprehensive psychological and psychiatric examination of 200 minors victims of sexual violence and abuse. A set of methods was used, including the methodology of life quality research, maps of disadaptation assessment, a set of techniques used in the production of cspe, methods of mathematical statistics and data analysis. Depending on the mental state of the victim, the psychological consequences of sexual violence and clinical and psychological abuse were identified. Described 4 types of consequences that vary in severity: psychogenic condition in the form of the disorder (1) and psychogenic condition in the form of reaction (2) (clinical level); adverse psychological condition (3) and minimal negative psychological condition (4) (psychological level). It is established that with the aggravation of the mental state of the victims, from the minimum unfavorable to the psychogenic state in the form of a disorder, the coverage of the spheres of mental activity, the number and severity of signs of post-traumatic reactions expands. The psychological effects demonstrated by mentally healthy victims indicate a decline in their quality of life.
Features of mental disorders among victims of crimes against sexual inviolability of the person
Authors: Zakharova N. , Milekhina A.V.
Published: December 2018

On the example of data obtained during psychological and psychiatric examination and further rehabilitation of women and adolescent girls victims of crimes against sexual inviolability of the person, the article describes mental and behavioral disorders developed as a result of psychotrauma. Reflected features of the posttraumatic mental and behavioral disorders course and differences in manifestations in the age aspect. It has been established that the clinical picture of the course of the disease depends on such factors as the age, the psychological maturity of the victim of violence, the severity of committed violence. Also, the analysis of the work allowed us to identify a number of negative phenomena that contributed to the protracted, undulating course of reactive states. These include a high degree of stigmatization (self-stigmatization) in society about sexual offenses and, as a result, bullying victims of sexual violence, as well as the need to participate in forensic investigative events. It is shown that the frequency of face-to-face interrogation and the duration of the trial affect the severity and duration of the mental consequences of the psychological trauma.
Neuropsychological assessment at forensic psychological assessment of decision making capacity
Authors: Safuanov F.S. , Perepravina J.O. , Chernenkov A.D.
Published: December 2018

Relevance of the research consists in consideration the forensic neuropsychological assessment in Russia. The new problem of use of neuropsychological methods in complex forensic psychological and psychiatric examination and forensic psychiatric examination is studied. The article presents the results of neuropsychological assessment of the persons, who could not understand the meaning of their actions, regulate and control them at the time of the transaction. The persons, who could not understand the meaning of their actions, regulate and control them at the time of the transaction, characterized by the presence of a decrease of the ability to control one's actions and the of spatial functions, the neuropsychological syndrome of memory and consciousness. The persons who were able to make decisions at the time of the transaction, such features were less. The importance of the use of neuropsychological methods in forensic examination was established.
Integration of psychological and information technologies within the framework of the method of situational-shaped modeling of problem situations of specialists of power structures
Authors: Kubyshko V.L. , Kruk V.M. , Vakhnina V.V. , Fedotov A.Y.
Published: December 2018

In the article possibilities and experience of integration of psychological and information technologies of formation of an image of professional activities and optimization of mental States within a method of situational and figurative modeling are considered.The reliability of professional activity in this case is understood as the achievement of its specified efficiency, taking into account the time constraints characteristic for the profession (the maximum permissible reaction inertia, the minimum permissible duration) and the need to overcome specific stress factors, the combination of psychological and information technologies can contribute to the improvement of HRP technologies. The hybrid version of PLR, which we tested, was called the method of "situational-shaped modeling" (C-OM), which reflects its main idea. In particular, in the systematic modeling of difficult (in which there is no satisfactory level of reliability) professional situations in the process of coordinated use of psychological and information technologies for the purposeful formation of images of effective actions and the corresponding mental states. Systematic modeling is achieved through the use of a database of system-situational activity analysis (SDAD).
The study of volitional sphere of the personality of cadets, students in the educational organizations of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia open and closed types
Authors: Anikeeva N.V. , Parshutin I.A.
Published: December 2018

The article presents the results of the study of the volitional sphere of employees of the internal Affairs bodies. With the help of comparative analysis the distinctive psychological features of volitional regulation of cadets and students studying in educational institutions of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia of open and closed types are revealed. The authors for the first time presented the characteristics of two types of educational institutions of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia (open and closed), influencing the features of the development of the volitional sphere of students. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that when comparing the data of self-assessments of volitional qualities, the identity of the rank structure of volitional qualities in the tested educational organizations of open and closed types is found. When comparing the results obtained by using the method of the scale of control over the action of Kulya, it is revealed that orientation to the state (self — control) during realization of intention in action is stronger developed at cadets (listeners) of the educational organization of open type of training, and orientation to action (self-regulation) - at subjects of the educational organization of the closed type of training.
Problems of an assessment of loyalty of governmental employees to formal groups of membership
Authors: Gornostaev S.V. , Pozdnyakov V.M.
Published: December 2018

The article suggests a solution to the previously raised problem of contradictions of administrative-legal and phenomenological approaches to assessing loyalty of law enforcing governmental employees. It is shown that the application of the phenomenological approach in combination with the administrative-legal approach is not just expedient, but necessary. Argued that loyalty to the formal social group «governmental employees» can not be estimated directly from the point of view of socio-psychological criteria, since it is not a group subject with a formed psycho-behavioral pattern shared by group members. It is suggested that the term «loyalty» is conditionally applicable for assessing loyalty to the group «governmental employees» and similar formal groups. The authors propose an indirect way of assessing loyalty to formal groups of governmental employees, created and tested by S.V. Gornostaev in researching the official loyalties of the staff of the Russian penitentiary system. This method involves the identification of groups operating in the professional and service environment, which the employee has formed loyalty and comparison of key norms of these groups with formal norms.
Psychological features of teaching the negotiating activity in the system of additional vocational education
Authors: Vakhnina V.V. , Kasperovich Y.G. , Naumov Y.G.
Published: December 2018

In the article, the authors consider the need for timely updating the content of training programs and improving the skills of negotiating subjects, taking into account the rapidly changing conditions of professional activity. The use of situational, system-situational approaches in training contributes to the formation of professional competences among negotiators and the development of professionally important qualities necessary for effective implementation of negotiating activities in various professionally significant situations.
Collection and analysis of empirical material was carried out in several stages from 1995 to 2014, and included a survey of employees of law enforcement agencies and the conduct of a systematic analysis of the bank in 1705 problem situations. Based on the analysis of the bank of crisis situations in the negotiation process, depending on the characteristics of the negotiating situation, priority strategies and possible crisis zones are singled out, which makes it possible to effectively implement anti-crisis talks. Vocationally important negotiating situations and ways of formation of negotiating competence in the process of preparation and retraining have been determined.
Labour subject’s professional culture as an integrative phenomenon
Authors: Laptev L.G. , Stolyarenko A.M. , Budanov A.V. , Grishenko L.L. , Demin G.I.
Published: December 2018

Essence, structure and mission of modern specialist’s professional culture are analyzed in the article. The author reveals the basic theoretical and methodological background of investigating labour subject’s professional culture as an integrative phenomenon. In this context actual determinants, which characterize direction, character, development psychological specificity and display of labour subject’s professional culture, are specified and revealed. Herewith, the multi-faceted mission of conditions and factors is pointed and characterized. On the one hand, they contribute to development of labour subject’s professional culture, but, on the other hand, some of the pointed determinants block this process. The particular place in the article is occupied by the realized integrative approach which allows characterizing labour subject’s professional culture, its development and functioning as an integrative phenomenon in a systematic way. For increasing efficiency of this process the psychological model of achieving this goal in the concrete labour system is made and tested.
Network technology as a pedagogical tool
Authors: Sklyarenko I.S. , Kuripchenko Y.I. , Demin G.I.
Published: December 2018

The article substantiates the relevance of the research topic, which comes from the statistics of adolescent delinquency and the survey of young inspectors of juvenile Affairs (OAJ), experiencing difficulties in working with families at risk. An innovative way to solve the problems of a minor is network technology. The authors have developed a conceptual model of the formation of professional competencies of cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia, necessary to work with the family of a juvenile. The model includes elements of professional activity, knowledge related to them and pedagogically effective tools. A key tool in the model was a business game that simulates network technology. The training of cadets of the specified technology on practical classes of social and pedagogical disciplines is offered. The article presents the results of an experiment on the formation of professional competence of cadets, future inspectors of juvenile affairs. The authors assess the level of professional competence of cadets on three criteria. The conclusions noted the positive dynamics of the selected criteria and justified the effectiveness of the developed model.
Intellectual-personal potential of future specialists of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, at the stage of primary training to service and training
Authors: Kovalchuk I.A. , Sochivko D.V.
Published: December 2018

This article presents the results of an empirical study of the intellectual and personal potential of future specialists of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia who are at the stage of primary training for service and training. The purpose of the study is to study the structure of the intellectual and personal potential of future specialists of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia who are at the stage of primary training for service and training. Hypotheses of research - 1. The structure of the intellectual and personal potential of future specialists of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia who are at the stage of preparation for service and training is heterogeneous and varies depending on the chosen specialty. 2. Against the backdrop of qualitative heterogeneity of the intellectual-personal potential of future specialists of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, there are also level differences between the specialties. The study involved 275 cadets who took the course of a young soldier (primary training for service and training) at the country's training center of the Academy of the Federal Penal Agency of Russia.
Psychological training: lessons and prospects in the context of professional and personal development of a specialist
Authors: Kubyshko V.L. , Kruk V.M. , Fedotov A.Y.
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to psychological training and prospects of its improvement in the context of professional and personal development of a specialist. It is argued that modern interventions based on the development of past years and being models of the first level or common sense are in demand, but have little effect. The little-known fact that at the end of XX century variability of its interpretation, low interest of practice in it and need of reconsideration by psychologists was stated is reminded. The constructiveness of the approach to psychological training based on the interdepartmental model of the second level and consisting in the integral concept of professional and personal development of the trained specialist is proved. Its theoretical and methodological foundations are a continuous cycle of system-situational analysis of the difficulties of the tasks performed, as well as the development and implementation from certain positions of multi – level recommendations for their accounting in the systems of professional psychological selection, training and advanced training, other types of training, specialized psychophysical training under the guidance of an instructor-an experienced professional and psychologist.
Characteristics of some features of drawings of convicts who have committed sexual crimes against minors, according to the associative drawing test
Authors: Didenko A.V. , Pisarev O.M. , Lanina M.N.
Published: December 2018

The purpose of the study: to study the possibility of using the associative drawing test (ART) on sexual offenders who have committed crimes against minors and serving criminal sentences in prisons. Object of research: analysis of specific manifestations of graphic phenomena and their interpretation in the aspect of the relationship of the individual to the opposite sex, characteristics of his image, the severity and direction of aggression, as well as features of subjective perception and evaluation of the surrounding reality. The study included 34 male convicts, of which sex offenders made up 12 people (the first group), property offenders, 22 people (the second group). The results of the study: it was found typical for sex offenders, graphic elements and interpretation, indicating the presence of current problems related to paralioi identification, unstable poliolefin by the way I split gender roles for men and women, the inability to build a constructive relationship or dissatisfaction with relations with the opposite sex. The use of ART in dealing with sexual offenders serving criminal sentences in correctional institutions for crimes committed against minors as a basic technique is limited, since graphic images can be associated with psychogenic factors of the penitentiary social environment that affect the actual mental state.
Аnalysis of the stress factors affecting the physical and mental health of the civilians living in the area of the conflict in the south-east of Ukraine
Authors: Ryadinskaya E.
Published: December 2018

The article is an empirical study of the stress factors that affect the physical and mental health of the civilians living in the area of the conflict in the South-East of Ukraine. The article presents the results of the research based on the socio-psychological questionnaire "Determination of subjective perception of the significance of stress factors for a person living in the area of the armed conflict" developed by the author. The questions of the questionnaire were grouped into six blocks of stress factors: threats to life, health, economic, socio-political; social, psychological factors. It has been revealed that during the armed conflict significant transformations took place in the mental state of the residents living in difficult conditions. Empirically it has been shown that in the areas of intensive shelling (AIS) the main factors affecting the mental and physical health of the civilians are threats to health, threats to life, and also socialfactors, whereas in the areas of low-intensity shelling (ALIS) social, socio-political and psychological factors are of prior significance. The conclusion is made that the civilians living in the area of the armed conflict experience significant changes in physical and mental health, which in the post-conflict period may affect the formation of the sense of life strategies, changes in the value-semantic structure of the individual, having subjected them to a serious transformation.
Этико-психологические аспекты коммуникации человека и робота
Authors: Майленова Фарида Габделхаковна
Published: December 2018

В статье рассматриваются этико-психологические аспекты коммуникации современного человека с машинами с искусственным интеллектом. Если сегодня мы рассматриваем роботов как помощников человека, призванных освободить нас от тяжелой рутинной работы, то как изменится соотношение сил, когда роботы обретут полноценный интеллект, который, скорее всего, будет превосходить человеческий по множеству параметров? В настоящее время все чаще можно услышать, что роботы лишают людей рабочих мест, причем не только на производстве, но и в сфере интеллектуального труда. Автор изучает вопрос о том, насколько обоснованы такие опасения.

Каким образом нужно программировать роботов, чтобы они не повредили человеку? Как законодательно будут регулироваться конфликты в обществе, в котором акторами будут не только люди, но и человекоподобные роботы? Каким образом тесное общение с умными машинами скажется на психологии человека, на его ментальности? Какими вырастут дети, которых будут воспитывать няни-роботы?

Все это привело к появлению этики роботов — новой ветви философии. Ученые, которые специализируются на этике роботов, занимаются тем, что составляют своды этических правил для будущих роботов, ибо теперь уже всем инженерам ясно, что без учета этики взаимодействие с роботами может превратиться в самую настоящую антиутопию.
Онтологии биотехнологических рисков: социогуманитарные методологии и технонаука
Authors: Белялетдинов Роман Рифатович
Published: December 2018

В статье рассматривается проблема генезиса онтологий социогуманитарных рисков, возникающих в связи с развитием биотехнологий. Гибридный характер сосуществования технонаучного и социального миров определяется как слияние социального ожидания и технологий. Вместе с тем уже сложившиеся социогуманитарные практики остаются важными теоретико-методологическими матрицами, в рамках которых определяются биотехнологические онтологии рисков. К этим методологиям можно отнести биоэтику, наноэтику, исследования науки и технологий (STS), проблематику улучшения человека, гуманитарную экспертизу. Результатом применения этих методологий к технонаучным биотехнологическим проектам является не только онтологизация рисков, но и их деонтологизация в процессе фактической реализации биотехнологических проектов. Этот процесс рассматривается на примере концепции генетизации общества.
Боль и обезболивание в горизонтах личности, сообщества и системы здравоохранения
Authors: Шевченко Сергей Юрьевич , Лаврентьева Софья Всеволодовна
Published: December 2018

В статье рассмотрены разные биомедицинские подходы к разработке практик обезболивания, а также эксплицируется их философские основания в контексте проводимого нидерландским философом Эннмари Мол различения между логикой выбора и логикой заботы в здравоохранении. Анальгезия, контролируемая пациентом (PCA), акцентуирует важность пациентского выбора и свободы доступа к средствам обезболивания. Тем самым логика заботы оказывается вписана в логику выбора, ориентированную на индивидуальный горизонт страдания и задающую основные контуры медицинской практики. С другой стороны, существуют данные, демонстрирующие, что эффективнее работает обезболивание, полученное от человека максимально далекого от пациента. В этом контексте поиска наиболее эффективных режимов заботы проблема выбора вообще не ставится. В основу разработки таких практик положена оценка тяжести болевого синдрома, которого удалось избежать через работу нейронных механизмов обучения. При этом важную роль играет сообщество, с которым идентифицирует себя пациент.

Первый вид практик (PCA) отражает характерное для современных тенденций развития медицины стремление к «приватизации» клинических процедур, снижение пациентской зависимости от социальных интеракций. Кроме того, в его рамках не ставятся проблемы оценки тяжести болевого синдрома и поиска нейронных механизмов болевого синдрома. Второй вид практик строится на более традиционных основаниях и предполагает, что нейронные корреляты боли и обучения достаточно хорошо известны.

В статье делается вывод, что первый вид практик в большей степени способен избавить пациента от тревоги по поводу неизвестной боли, второй — скорее предотвращает страх уже знакомых болевых ощущений.
Личностные факторы эмоционального выгорания педагогов коррекционной школы
Authors: Емельянова Татьяна Петровна , Шуралева Екатерина Игоревна
Published: December 2018

В статье представлены результаты анализа личностных особенностей педагогов коррекционной школы с разным уровнем эмоционального выгорания. Респондентами выступили 72 педагога коррекционной школы, расположенной в Московской области.

С помощью данных личностного опросника «Профессиональное выгорание» респонденты были разделены на две группы с разным уровнем эмоционального выгорания. Применение опросника «Ценностные ориентации», теста «САМОАЛ» и методики «Незаконченные предложения» позволило обнаружить, что для педагогов с уровнем эмоционального выгорания выше среднего характерна тенденция к меньшей креативности, ригидность мышления и поведения, меньшая контактность и при этом большая зависимость от окружающих, затруднения в поддержании равных, партнерских взаимоотношений. Эти педагоги изолируют себя от окружающих и их поддержки, а также не используют ресурс смены видов деятельности. Для них достоверно в большей степени значимо материальное благосостояние, и менее важно признание со стороны других людей, помощь и милосердие как ценности, чем для педагогов с низким уровнем выгорания.

Педагоги с уровнем эмоционального выгорания выше среднего демонстрируют недостаточную ясность общих стремлений, жизненных и профессиональных ориентиров, что выступает существенным дезорганизующим фактором, способным усугублять профессиональное выгорание педагога. Педагоги с уровнем эмоционального выгорания ниже среднего отличаются тем, что испытывают интерес к выполняемой деятельности, общению с учащимися и педагогами. В случае усталости они быстро восстанавливаются, их самооценка профессиональной успешности выше, они удовлетворены своими результатами в настоящем и строят планы на будущее.
Синдром выгорания как феномен в современной науке
Authors: Полянский Андрей Иванович , Быковская Любовь Игоревна
Published: December 2018

В работе приводится описание исследования по выявлению особенностей феномена синдрома эмоционального выгорания (СЭВ), который является достаточно распространенным среди большого количества людей. Прежде всего, это обусловлено влиянием различных стрессов, в частности, рабочего стресса, которое все чаще и чаще испытывает на себе человек в современном мире.
Анализ традиций российской культуры: концепция социальных представлений С. Московичи
Authors: Новичкова Галина Александровна
Published: December 2018

В статье на основе фактического материала сформулированы основные положения концепции автора, раскрывающие исторические корни зарождения отечественных традиций и ценностей. Рассматривается также проблема ценностных регулятивов современной российской ментальности, анализируется ее генезис, социальные воздействия и культурные традиции. В качестве теоретического основания исследования выступает концепция социальных представлений С. Московичи, демонстрируется, как ее можно использовать при обсуждении русского патриотизма.
Регулирование технологий виртуальной реальности: к первому российскому кодексу этического поведения
Authors: Пронин Михаил Анатольевич , Раев Олег Николаевич
Published: December 2018

В статье представлена современная ситуация с этическим регулированием технологий виртуальной, дополненной и замещающей реальностей (TVR) в России. В рамках «философии как экспертизы» (термин Б. Г. Юдина) изложены аргументы, характеризующие гуманитарное измерение TVR как технологии редактирования сознания. В этой связи указано на необходимость взять данные технологии под общественный, этический и юридический контроль.

Переведен на русский язык, с необходимыми комментариями, и вводится в научный оборот первый зарубежный «VERE-кодекс этического поведения. Рекомендации для добросовестных научных исследований (good scientific practice) и потребителей VR-технологий», опубликованный М. Мадари и Т. Метцингером в 2016 г. Обсуждены проблемы проактивного поведения ученых и готовности / неготовности средств массовой информации писать не только о возможностях, но и угрозах и рисках TVR, которые в полной мере еще не известны и до конца не осознаются.

Описаны первые шаги российского профессионального сообщества, занятого разработками, внедрением и использованием TVR, в направлении их регулирования — к разработке и обсуждению «Декларации этики исследования и применения технологий виртуальной реальности (TVR) и иммерсивного кинематографа». Первые круглые столы по ее обсуждению прошли в 2018 г. в Москве. Приведены их решения и план / дорожная карта профессионального сообщества по обсуждению декларации и связанных с ней проблем TVR до конца 2018 года.
A Rare Complication of Frequent Sphenoid Sinusitis Is Subdural Empyema: Case Report
Authors: Bayaroğulları Hanifi , Kartal İsmail , BURAKGAZİ Gülen , YANMAZ Rasim , ARAS Mustafa
Published: December 2018

Subdural empyema is a fluid collection between dura and arachnoid layers and can develop secondary to states like meningitis, middle ear infection, paranasal sinus infection, trauma or cranial surgery. It can develop secondary to paranasal sinus infections which are rare observed and lead to a life-threatening situation. Early diagnosis and treatment cause a decrease in mortality and morbidity. As well as nonspecific symptoms and signs might cause, the most common symptom triad of fever, headaches and vomiting. Computerized tomography is the first choice for the diagnosis; however Magnetic Resonance İmaging is more efficient and useful. Broad spectrum antibiotherapy is chosen for the treatment, in most cases surgical drainage becomes necessary. In this paper, we aimed to present a rarely seen subdural empyema case secondary to frequently seen sphenoid sinusitis.
The history of the subject of Peace in the department of Cauca from 1962 to 2017, a proposal for its reinforcement and effective implementation
Authors: Paredes Mosquera Hoover Hugo , Segura Sandoval Martha Elena , Orozco Ordoñez Maria Andrea , Caicedo Ortiz Hernando Efraín
Published: December 2018

In this article we present a study about the reinforcement of the Peace subject under the Law No. 1732 of 2014 and in the Regulatory Decree No. 1038 of 2015 in Cauca state in the Colombian Republic and legislative which measures that contributes to the strengthening of education considering the post-conflict situation the country is facing. This socio-legal research uses a mixed method. The qualitative approach based on documentary analysis, the ethnography which used the interview as a technique and the quantitative approach which considered the underpinned statistics data which the government entities provided with The study focuses on the pre-school, elementary, middle and high school of the educational institutions in Cauca state by starting a historical compilation of the regulations to determine compliance with legislative guidelines. Notwithstanding, the guidelines of the National Authority of Education for the Peace and subject development in Cauca state the progress results in its enforcement are little and are centered in Popayán as the state capital city without any record of its development on the other remaining 41 towns in the state thus evidencing the absence of an effective monitoring and control of the competent authorities.
Incidencia del problema de seguridad libio en la actual crisis migratoria
Authors: Hernández Ospina Álvaro Javier , García Perilla Juan Carlos
Published: December 2018

This article will feed the readers about a case a study in the security classic perspective whose objective was to determine to what extent the post Gaddafi crisis in Libya increased the migration dynamics, the humanitarian, refugees and security problems since the end of 2011 to 2016 in North Africa and Europe. Due to the lack of local authority, the country fragmentation and the strengthening social tribes aspects which prevent the government from reorganizing and exercising a more effective and stronger supervision in the country borders as well as in the migration populations
Integración social de la población víctima del conflicto armado en el asentamiento humano la fortaleza ubicado en el anillo vial occidental de la ciudad de San José de Cúcuta-Colombia
Authors: Leal Esper Yamal Elías , Rodríguez Vargas Claudia Liliana , León Villán Ana Marisol , Villamizar Olarte Yeraldín , Rodríguez Gutiérrez María Alejandra
Published: December 2018

The human settlement La Fortaleza has as part of its population not only people who are vulnerable because of their economic condition, but also families that have been affected by the Colombian internal armed conflict, a situation that has focused on the fact of forced displacement, based on the need of these people to take shelter in a house after the execution of the crime of which they are the victims of fragmented living conditions. This requires the reference of the population of the settlement, be victims or not of crimes related to the armed conflict, integrate socially and integrally in the middle of adversity situations, achieve with this text investigate the analysis of this process of integration that arises from the conflict and seeks its course towards dignity.
Criterios del operador jurídico para valorar la responsabilidad empleador por los daños causados al empleado en Colombia
Authors: Velásquez Ochoa José Alexander , Cardona Acosta Juan Carlos , Correa Wachter Juan Fernando , Díaz Ricardo Tatiana
Published: December 2018

This paper analyzes the operator´s Legal criteria to assess the employer’s damages responsibility to the employee in Colombia. This study used jurisprudence and doctrine as an approach to assess the employer´s subjective and objective responsibility in labor injures which results in the employees´ labor disability or even his/ her death. In this study the document descriptive and qualitative paradigm led both the literature review and the data collection technique
Beneficios de aplicar la extensión de la jurisprudencia del consejo de estado a temas tributarios
Authors: Peña Sánchez Alcides de Jesús
Published: December 2018

The article 13 of the Colombian Political Constitution claims that the state hast to guarantee the citizens the principle of equality and security for the right and timely justice administration. To manage this and through the law 143 of 2011 the legislator introduced the Jurisprudence extension. This study researched about the usage of a new legal term to solve the tax conflicts. The analysis used the descriptive and explanatory from a literature review in which the major source was the law 1437 de 2011 and the secondary ones were several judgements issued by the State Council on taxes. The public officials´ ignorance and fear to mistakenly use the extension of jurisprudence prevent them from using it and they continue to work in the same way to solve the conflicts between the parties and the state by means of the administrative litigation regardless the long years it takes to finish.
Praxis Kai Lexis
Authors: Romo Ordoñez Mateo
Published: December 2018

Because Modernity regained the prestige of democracy as a regime, democracy was erected as a revolution in the buried absolutist forms of power, at the same time that it was constituted as the signifier of “universal suffrage”, “representation”, “ majorities “,” political equality ... “. However, everything indicates that these new meanings of a liberal nature are not coherent with the authentic qualities of the term “democracy” and that apparently the belief that we live governed by democratic governments is nothing more than a mirage. With the aim of elucidating the tension between the old and modern meanings of the signifier “democracy”, and since the realities that are transformed in the world of life depend on the harmony of the signs, it was proposed to relate by means of the synthetic method two superficially isolated and incompatible categories: the idea of democracy and the linguistic sign. Likewise, in the writing, communicating vessels were drawn up with the categories of ethics and morals, under the hypothesis that while ethics inspires reflection on meanings, in this case, the qualities of “universal suffrage,” “representation,” “expression of majorities” e “political equality” that have been committed to democracy; morality encourages the sacralization of signifiers, that is, the form of democratic government by the mere fact of being ancient, independent of the meanings attributed. Finally, it was possible to conclude that modern democracy is an annulment of human action, a mirage in which the good and the unjust coincide, morality and the denial of ethics.