bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Centralité périphérique : quand les arts et la culture dessinent des centralités en banlieue
Authors: Michel Basile
Published: June 2024

Cet article vise à contribuer au renouvellement des approches centre-périphérie au travers d’une proposition conceptuelle : la centralité périphérique. Cette proposition aux accents paradoxaux met en lumière l’existence, les réalités et les enjeux de centralités dans des espaces habituellement catégorisés comme périphériques, rompant avec la vision duale et radiale du modèle centre-périphérie qui domine dans les analyses spatiales. Le cas du canal de l’Ourcq, qui a fait l’objet d’enquêtes de terrain sur la base d’outils variés, servira à donner corps empiriquement à la proposition conceptuelle. Dans un contexte « périphérique » (banlieue parisienne populaire), l’agglomération spatiale de lieux et d’événements artistiques et culturels contribue à faire du canal un territoire polarisant et rayonnant qui possède une fonction culturelle affirmée, structure la circulation des idées dans les réseaux des mondes de l’art, attire des publics pour s’affirmer comme un nœud de vie sociale, véhicule des images artistiques et festives attractives. Le canal de l’Ourcq voit ainsi émerger une centralité périphérique, qui renseigne sur les enjeux des dynamiques artistiques pour les territoires urbains. Au-delà du champ culturel, ce constat permet d’ouvrir des perspectives de recherche sur l’organisation socio-spatiale des sociétés et les relations réciproques centre-périphérie en proposant une grille conceptuelle et empirique transversale des centralités dans les espaces « périphériques ».
Les marges urbaines des élites chinoises contemporaines
Authors: Minost Martin
Published: June 2024

Les relations entre centre et périphérie en Chine, dans le sens d’une distinction entre centres urbains et zones rurales, ont rencontré de profondes mutations depuis une vingtaine d’années, alors que se perpétue une situation hiérarchique en faveur des villes. Les territoires ruraux chinois ont généralement subi ce système, ces espaces en marge des centres urbains restant perçus comme des territoires de relégation. À la fin des années 1990, la stratégie de développement des autorités est réorientée. Les villes nouvelles issues des programmes d’urbanisme de cette période attirent les élites urbaines dont le regard sur les périphéries a complètement changé. Toutefois, bien que localisés en périphérie, ces espaces sont loin de représenter un changement du regard sur la campagne. Entre les centres-villes et les zones rurales, les villes nouvelles apparaissent ainsi comme des espaces hybrides. Plutôt que d’opérer un brouillage des frontières entre mondes urbain et rural, et entre les catégories sociales de la population chinoise contemporaine, semblent au contraire se révéler ici des processus de ségrégation et d’accroissement des inégalités économiques et sociales qui frappent le pays, et ceci malgré les politiques récentes du chef de l’Etat appelant à une « prospérité partagée ».
Les marqueurs de discours
Authors: Anscombre Jean-Claude
Published: June 2024

Although a common topic for some time, the idea of discourse markers has been hampered by the difficulty of providing an operative definition to the corresponding notion, in view of the very heterogeneous nature of the linguistic entities at stake. Starting from the different parameters regularly evoked in the study of such markers, this work aims at characterizing them as a class of operators likely to assume various functions according to their syntactic and/or semantic links within the discourse.
Verbes parenthétiques et micro-diachronie
Authors: Goux Mathieu
Published: June 2024

Our paper explores the description of parenthetical verbs in Port-Royal Logique. We place the description within the logical and grammatical model of this period of the grammatical history, notably by taking into account the notions of point of view, affirmation and assent. The exploration allows us to define a new approach to discourse markers in general. We show that their description does not respond to a formal and grammatical approach, but to a logical and rhetorical one. We conclude our analysis by looking at contemporary grammars to the Logique. We show that they do identify discourse markers, but choose not to analyse them, as their approach is more formal than logical.
Rôle de l’ethos et de ses marqueurs dans l’organisation discursive
Authors: Tejedor de Felipe Didier
Published: June 2024

This work aims at studying the notion of ethos using a semantic-pragmatic approach that allows us to reflect on how and why such a notion came into being. The aim is to identify the reasons why any individual, in interaction with his fellow human beings, may be led to elaborate and project a certain image of himself. At the root of these reasons lies a basic notion: the linguistic community, which in our view represents the hinge linking the why and the how and enables us to understand the general mechanism at work in the construction of ethos. We also propose the analysis of discourse markers by considering their importance in the projection of an ethos.
La reconquête identitaire par le témoignage dans La muerte y la doncella d’Ariel Dorfman
Authors: Martz Julie
Published: June 2024

La muerte y la doncella de Dorfman illustre un problème socio-politique chilien, celui d’un pays en voie de reconstruction après la dictature, mais dont les témoignages manquent ou sont empêchés. Il relève une nécessité de faire mémoire par la mise en scène de trois personnages en désaccord sur le besoin ou non d’un témoignage, à partager ou à taire. Il souligne l’état fantomatique de la victime, et par là du pays, en justifiant son mal-être par l’impossibilité de communiquer et de témoigner sur ses traumatismes. Il interroge donc ce lien indéfectible entre mémoire et identité, entre prise de parole et existence de soi.
La herencia de la herida
Authors: León Clara Siminiani
Published: June 2024

Dans Nuestra parte de noche, Mariana Enríquez narre l’histoire de Juan et de son fils Gaspar entre 1960 et 1997 en Argentine. Juan est un médium et, malgré ses efforts pour l’empêcher, Gaspar héritera de sa part de nuit, inextricablement liée au traumatisme collectif provoqué par la dernière dictature militaire argentine. Nous verrons dans cet article comment, au moyen des outils du fantastique qui dépassent le genre réaliste et testimonial, Enríquez explore l’héritage du traumatisme et de la mémoire étouffée par le secret.
Questionner l’identité par le roman historique
Authors: Delmotte Benjamin
Published: June 2024

La trilogie de l’Amazone de William Ospina (Ursúa, El país de la canela et La serpiente sin ojos) narre la Conquête de Pedro de Ursúa ainsi que deux expéditions menées au sein de la forêt amazonienne. Dans cet article, nous analysons l’usage du syntagme nominal los indios afin de comprendre comment William Ospina, à l’heure de décrire les indigènes de la Nouvelle Grenade, s’empare de l’Histoire pour présenter, dans sa trilogie, sa propre version et sa propre interprétation du récit historique, et cela dans une quête constante de l’identité colombienne.
The Anti-Monarchist Turn in British Politics, Society, and Culture: Diana, Harry and After
Authors: Taylor Antony
Published: June 2024

This article returns to the context of the royal crises of the late nineteen-nineties and re-examines the origins of the term “anti-monarchism” and scholarship in this field. Taking the popularity of the monarchy as a starting point and acknowledging the weakness of an openly republican discourse in Britain rarely expressed through the platforms of the major political parties, anti-monarchism provides a measure of the shift in public opinion that resulted in a questioning of the influence, probity, public role, and privileged financial position of the royal house. The focus of this article is on public attitudes, and the move towards sympathy for younger, less establishment royal figures, defined by celebrity culture, who attract the empathy and interest of a younger public. In the following analysis, figures from Princess Diana to Harry and Meghan may be cast as pretenders, fulfilling the role of an alternative to the existing family and, in some views, a compromised court of the Windsors. Here there emerges the outline of a potentially “liberal” vision of monarchy that eschews the established conventions of royal life and reflects a discourse of diversity and pluralism. Further, this piece analyses the increasing relevance of anti-monarchist discourse against the turbulent backdrop of Brexit, debates around Scottish independence, a renewed emphasis on the importance of Englishness, the death of Queen Elizabeth II and the potential break-up of the union. Locating Harry’s memoir Spare in a broader tradition of royal revelations and exposures, this article also explores the role of anti-monarchist currents in the former empire, particularly the Caribbean, and across the Commonwealth in shaping the discourse of anti-monarchism in Britain.
The New History of the Canadian Rebellion, 1837-38: New Directions, New Interpretations, New Framework
Authors: Dagenais Maxime
Published: June 2024

In Canada, the Canadian Rebellion of 1837-38 is often still treated as a local, ethnolinguistic conflict pitting French-speakers against English-speakers. However, new research, and publications have challenged conventional narratives and have pushed historiography into exciting new directions. This article proposes an analysis of the new history of the Canadian Rebellion. It will analyse some of the most interesting and cutting-edge new directions, interpretations, and methods of this historiographical framework. It will, amongst other things, demonstrate that this new history of the Rebellion challenged the conventional white-settler narrative, bringing to light new perspectives, those of marginalized and racialized populations. It will also demonstrate that by taking the Rebellion beyond the constraints of provincial and national borders, this new history of the Rebellion has demonstrated that it had significant transnational implications, particularly in the United States.
Zur Vorgeschichte des Ecocriticism bei Gregory Bateson
Authors: Ponten Frederic
Published: June 2024

Cet article traite de la question des antécédents de l’écocritique chez Gregory Bateson. Le point de départ de l’étude est sa prise de position de l’été 1967 intitulée Style, Grace, and Information in Primitive Art, qui porte sur l’image d’une procession funéraire balinaise datant de 1937. Dans cette étude, la notion américaine de modèle culturel, développée dans les années 1930, rencontre le problème de l’observation d’une production artistique balinaise ornementale. Or, cet art a été créé dans des conditions coloniales, dans le cadre d’un dialogue et d’un échange avec une colonie d’artistes avant-gardistes et leurs conceptions primitivistes d’un art ornemental originel. À partir d’une recontextualisation de l’image étudiée par Bateson, une interprétation alternative est mise en évidence.
Blütenmeere jenseits naturalisierender Literaturgeschichte
Authors: Hock Jonas
Published: June 2024

Dans son livre Epochen der italienischen Lyrik (Époques de la poésie italienne, 1964), Hugo Friedrich décrit le maniérisme comme un déclin par rapport aux principes du classicisme ; ainsi il semble donc adopter un modèle de décadence auquel sa Structure de la poésie moderne (1956) semble pourtant s’opposer. À la même époque, Gustav René Hocke publie deux volumes sur le maniérisme dans l’art (I) et dans la littérature (II) dans la collection « rowohlts deutsche enzyklopädie », la même où parut la Structure de Friedrich, diptyque dans lequel il présente un modèle cyclique de l’histoire de l’art et de la littérature, richement nourri d’exemples. Hocke peut être considéré comme l’adversaire de Friedrich, en ce qu’il ne propose rien de moins que de sauver l’homo europeus en le rattachant à une tradition « irrégulière », donc maniériste de l’histoire des idées. Pour ce faire, Hocke se réfère – tout comme Friedrich – à Ernst Robert Curtius et reprend la distinction du classicisme et du maniérisme établi par lui dans La littérature européenne et le Moyen Âge latin (1948). La présente contribution aborde la question de savoir dans quelle mesure la conception cyclique proposée par Hocke se distingue de la conception des époques de Friedrich, quels seraient les rapports des deux avec la topologie de Curtius et si les trois approches peuvent être considérées comme des naturalisations de l’histoire littéraire.
Schöner wohnen und besser leben
Authors: Reiss Christian
Published: June 2024

L’historien de l’art autrichien Hans Sedlmayr a eu une grande influence sur les développements de sa discipline au xxe siècle. Dans l’Allemagne de l’après-guerre, sa thèse sur la perte du centre a trouvé un public bien au-delà du monde scientifique. Par ailleurs, il s’est engagé pour la conservation de la vieille ville de Salzbourg et a argumenté en faveur d’une relation interne entre l’ensemble historique et le paysage environnant. Dans ma contribution, je montre que ce sont des concepts issus de la biophilosophie organiciste de la République de Weimar que Sedlmayr a utilisés pour ses réflexions. Celles-ci lui ont non seulement permis de relier l’esthétique au monde de la vie humaine, mais aussi de se rattacher au mouvement de protection de la nature et du paysage.
Jagdmeuten, Fluchtverwandlungen, Trinkerhalluzinationen
Authors: Lorper Michael
Published: June 2024

Masse et Puissance, l’œuvre principale d’Elias Canetti publiée en 1960, se situe à la frontière entre l’écriture scientifique et l’écriture littéraire. En tant que « roman anthropologique » (Schüttpelz), il tente de mettre en relation, par un procédé d’analogie, des connaissances issues de l’ethnologie, de l’anthropologie, de la psychiatrie, de la biologie et de la physique et d’en tirer ainsi des conclusions sur des qualités supposées comme fondamentalement humaines. À travers les concepts de masse, de meute et de métamorphose, l’article veut montrer dans quelle mesure Elias Canetti, à l’aide d’analogies littéraires qui se nourrissent le plus souvent de contenus scientifiques et mythiques, naturalise d’une part des phénomènes individuels et sociaux à la manière primitiviste, et présente d’autre part, par l’évocation d’une dimension fluide et sans catégorie, une critique de la science et du pouvoir qui dépasse le vingtième siècle et possède une grande valeur d’actualité.
Locus geometricus
Authors: Trautmann-Waller Céline
Published: June 2024

Dans la Postface que Pierre Bourdieu rédige en 1967 pour sa traduction française du livre d’Erwin Panofsky Gothic Architecture and scholasticism et dans laquelle il cite principalement des théoriciens allemands ou autrichiens de l’art, de la culture et de la société, l’expression « lieu géométrique » (en anglais locus geometricus) est associée à des questions méthodologiques et théoriques relatives à la relation entre individu et collectif. Elle articule, notamment dans les articles qu’il rassemble dans le premier ouvrage qu’il publie en Allemagne (Zur Soziologie der symbolischen Formen, 1970) et jusque dans L’Esquisse pour une théorie de la pratique (1972), des questions relatives à l’habitus, aux catégories de la perception et de la pensée, à la figuration, aux statistiques et à la théorie des champs. Pour étudier le lien avec la critique bourdieusienne de la naturalisation des arts, inscrite dans une tension entre philosophie allemande et sociologie française, cet article repart du travail de terrain mené par Bourdieu durant la Guerre d’Algérie et pose aussi la question du rapport direct ou indirect aux États-Unis.
Das Diktat der Toten
Authors: Ghyselinck Zoë
Published: June 2024

Cet article examine les représentations littéraires contemporaines de la communication avec les morts en tant que formes de narration non naturelle. Dans le roman néerlandais d’Hagar Peeters, Malva (2015), une enfant narratrice décédée, Malva, tente, de manière posthume, de rétablir sa voix et son histoire, qui ont été étouffées par son père. Cet article vise à approfondir notre compréhension du potentiel émancipateur de son histoire, en approchant le concept de médiation dans le nécrodialogue. L’article combine des approches récentes de la narratologie non naturelle avec une tradition littéraire et culturelle de la communication avec les morts, en les associant à des aperçus sur les intersections entre les discours médiatiques, d’une part, et le développement des médias, d’autre part. Il démontre que l’utilisation de formes de médiation humaines et techniques aide et empêche Malva de communiquer son histoire, puisque la médiation des voix mortes révèle une interaction complexe entre l’auteur et le medium, et refuse sa propre possibilité.
Narrativität hören
Authors: Hausbei Kerstin
Published: June 2024

Le livre audio, situé à l’interstice entre narratologie, linguistique, sciences de la communication, études théâtrales et études éditoriales est un objet encore largement inexploré en France. Cette contribution s’appuie sur l’esthétique (neuro-)psychologique, les controverses narratologiques autour du concept de la voix et sur des versions acoustiques du Procès de Kafka et du Don Quijote de Cervantes (Buhlert, Paetsch, Cassel, Hochmair, etc.) pour établir comment les processus de naturalisation participent à faire de la perception des versions audio de récits littéraires une expérience sensorielle et gestuelle de la narrativité. Les processus de naturalisation favorisent une perception anthropomorphique à l’unisson de la voix narrative, pourtant structurellement polyphonique dans le livre audio. Mais dans le cas où cette perception automatique est perturbée par la dissonance entre attentes génériques et modèles acoustiques, les processus de naturalisation déclenchent la recherche d’une cohérence subjective dans l’écoute et participent à la modification de la perception de narrativité. Ce changement perceptif est vécu comme une expérience esthétique.
Significance of Location Factors in Creating Sustainable Neighbourhoods in Developing Countries: Insights from Colombo, Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijesundara Jeeva
Published: June 2024

Neighbourhoods across the globe are progressively gaining attention as key planning units with strong potential to contribute to sustainable development.  Certification systems for sustainable neighbourhoods consist of quantifiable and measurable standards that are collectively used to evaluate and define development in terms of its environmental superiority and functionality.  Resourceful location counting connectivity, accessibility and linkage is a principal objective in developing neighbourhoods enriched with public infrastructure systems.   The focus of this study is on the evaluation of the degree to which a neighbourhood’s locational factors correlate with the sustainability of inhabitants’ contentment in the context of a developing nation.  The evaluation methodology is based on the analytical comparison of three predominant urban neighbourhoods in Colombo and is articulated in three proceedings.   First and foremost, the case neighbourhoods are introduced and locational attributes within their physical context are investigated.  Secondly, the inhabitants’ perceptions and responses are acquired through the forms of interviews and acute observations to assess the enactment of location for each case. Finally, the cases are analytically compared, to evaluate the sustainable identity construed by its location.  This defines the essential attributes of a scrupulous location in the aspects of land use, layout, connectivity, accessibility, and transport infrastructure for promising sustainability.  This proposes guidelines for the selection of localities for workable neighbourhoods to resolve the matter from the designation of site and design.
Vitamin D and sun exposure: Balancing risks and benefits
Authors: Ariyaratne C. H. , Abeyakirthi P. S. N.
Published: June 2024

No abstract available
Polymorphic light eruption-like lesions in association with cutaneous leishmaniasis – is it a unique leishmanid reaction in Leishmania donovani cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka?
Authors: Madarasingha N. P. , Idirisinghe P. K.
Published: June 2024

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Sri Lanka is caused by Leishmania donovani species, which usually causes visceral leishmaniasis in neighboring countries. We report a case series of 54 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis from Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, with associated polymorphic light eruption (PMLE) like lesions. As these PMLE-like lesions show characteristic features of an id reaction, we propose that this could be a leishmanid reaction. To date, PMLE-like leishmanid reactions are not reported in association with other leishmania species. Therefore, we suspect that PMLE-like leishmanid reaction could be a unique association of Leishmania donovani CL that occur in Sri Lanka.
An indurated plaque on right side of chest – a first sign of underlying breast carcinoma
Authors: Dayananda W. R. H. P. , Dahanayake B. E. S. , Perera W. N. C.
Published: June 2024

Previously undiagnosed visceral malignancy may rarely present for the first time as cutaneous metastases. Given their variable clinical presentation early diagnosis is often challenging. We report a case of primary breast carcinoma presenting as cutaneous metastases.
Student Debt Associated With Entry-Level Athletic Training Education
Authors: Del Rossi Gianluca , Hatzel Brian
Published: June 2024

Context

Borrowers burdened by high student debt generally experience financial constraints that can affect them both personally and professionally. To date, no published data exist that profile the education-related debt accrued by entry-level certified athletic trainers (ATs).

Objective

To assess the scope and scale of student debt associated with the completion of an entry-level athletic training degree.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Online web-based survey.

Patients or Other Participants

Participants were recruited with assistance from the National Athletic Trainers’ Association, who disseminated the survey to 18 689 certified ATs who were members in good standing and who had earned their certification between 2004 and 2022. A total of 2271 individuals accessed the survey.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

The overall amount of student debt incurred to complete an entry-level degree in athletic training and the initial monthly repayment amount were collected from survey respondents. Education-related debt-to-income ratio (DTIR) and monthly payment DTIR, which are measures of financial health or stability, were also calculated from the acquired survey data.

Results

Among ATs who took out student loans, the average amount owed by entry-level ATs for the period spanning 2004–2022 was $61 717, with an average initial monthly loan payment amount reported to be $453. The mean education-related DTIR calculated from respondents was 169%, which exceeded the benchmark value of 100% recommended within the finance industry. Also, the average monthly payment DTIR calculated from study participants was 0.144, which approached the recommended acceptable upper limit of 0.15.

Conclusions

Education-related DTIR and monthly payment DTIR values reported by respondents suggest the potential for entry-level ATs to experience financial challenges related to their student debt.
Geometric constructions in the theory of analytic complexity
Authors: Beloshapka Valerii Konstantinovich
Published: June 2024

Two geometric constructions are considered in the context of analytic complexity.
Using the first construction, on the set of analytic functions, we build a metric invariant under the action
of the gauge group. With the help of the second construction, we obtain
a necessary differential algebraic condition for membership of a function in the tangent space to the class of bivariate functions
of analytic complexity $\le 2$ at the point $z_0=x^3 y^2 +xy$. From this result we show that the
polynomial $z=x^3y^2+xy + \pi x^2 y^3$ of degree 5 has analytic complexity 3.
On provability logics of Niebergall arithmetic
Authors: Dvorkin Lev Veniaminovich
Published: June 2024

K. G. Niebergall suggested a simple example of a non-gödelean arithmetical
theory $\mathrm{NA}$, in which a natural formalization of its consistency
is derivable. In the present paper we consider the provability logic
of $\mathrm{NA}$ with respect to Peano arithmetic. We describe the class of its
finite Kripke frames and establish the corresponding completeness theorem.
For a conservative extension of this logic in the language with an additional
propositional constant, we obtain a finite axiomatization. We also consider
the truth provability logic of $\mathrm{NA}$ and the provability logic of
$\mathrm{NA}$ with respect to $\mathrm{NA}$ itself. We describe the classes of Kripke
models with respect to which these logics are complete. We establish
$\mathrm{PSpace}$-completeness of the derivability problem in these logics
and describe their variable free fragments. We also prove that
the provability logic of $\mathrm{NA}$ with respect to Peano arithmetic
does not have the Craig interpolation property.
Immunological crossroads: The intriguing dance between hepatitis C and autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Soldera Jonathan
Published: June 2024

Delving into the immunological crossroads of liver diseases, this editorial explores the dynamic interplay between hepatitis C virus (HCV) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). While HCV primarily manifests as a viral infection impacting the liver, previous studies unveil a captivating connection between HCV and the emergence of AIH. The dance of the immune system in response to HCV appears to set the stage for an intriguing phenomenon—an aberrant autoimmune response leading to the onset of AIH. Evidence suggests a heightened presence of autoimmune markers in individuals with chronic HCV infection, hinting at a potential overlap between viral and autoimmune liver diseases. Navigating the intricate terrain of viral replication, immune response dynamics, and genetic predisposition, this editorial adds a layer of complexity to our understanding of the relationship between HCV and AIH. In this immunological crossroads, we aim to unearth insights into the complex interplay, using a compelling case where AIH and primary sclerosing cholangitis overlapped following HCV treatment with direct-acting antivirals as background.
Cold ischemia time in liver transplantation: An overview
Authors: Cesaretti Manuela , Izzo Alessandro , Pellegrino Roberta Anna , Galli Alessandro , Mavrothalassitis Orestes
Published: June 2024

The standard approach to organ preservation in liver transplantation is by static cold storage and the time between the cross-clamping of a graft in a donor and its reperfusion in the recipient is defined as cold ischemia time (CIT). This simple definition reveals a multifactorial time frame that depends on donor hepatectomy time, transit time, and recipient surgery time, and is one of the most important donor-related risk factors which may influence the graft and recipient’s survival. Recently, the growing demand for the use of marginal liver grafts has prompted scientific exploration to analyze ischemia time factors and develop different organ preservation strategies. This review details the CIT definition and analyzes its different factors. It also explores the most recent strategies developed to implement each timestamp of CIT and to protect the graft from ischemic injury.
Milestones to optimize of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt technique as a method for the treatment of portal hypertension complications
Authors: Garbuzenko Dmitry Victorovich
Published: June 2024

This editorial describes the milestones to optimize of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) technique, which have made it one of the main methods for the treatment of portal hypertension complications worldwide. Innovative ideas, subsequent experimental studies and preliminary experience of use in cirrhotic patients contributed to the introduction of TIPS into clinical practice. At the moment, the main achievement in optimize of TIPS technique is progress in the qualitative characteristics of stents. The transition from bare metal stents to extended polytetrafluoroethylene–covered stent grafts made it possible to significantly prevent shunt dysfunction. However, the question of its preferred diameter, which contributes to an optimal reduction of portal pressure without the risk of developing post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy, remains relevant. Currently, hepatic encephalopathy is one of the most common complications of TIPS, significantly affecting its effectiveness and prognosis. Careful selection of patients based on cognitive indicators, nutritional status, assessment of liver function, etc. , will reduce the incidence of post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy and improve treatment results. Optimize of TIPS technique has significantly expanded the indications for its use and made it one of the main methods for the treatment of portal hypertension complications. At the same time, there are a number of limitations and unresolved issues that require further randomized controlled trials involving a large cohort of patients.
Liver histological changes in untreated chronic hepatitis B patients in indeterminate phase
Authors: Huang De-Liang , Cai Qin-Xian , Zhou Guang-De , Yu Hong , Zhu Zhi-Bin , Peng Jing-Han , Chen Jun
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Studies with large size samples on the liver histological changes of indeterminate phase chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients were not previously conducted.

AIM

To assess the liver histological changes in the indeterminate phase CHB patients using liver biopsy.

METHODS

The clinical and laboratory data of 1532 untreated CHB patients were collected, and all patients had least once liver biopsy from January 2015 to December 2021. The significant differences among different phases of CHB infection were compared with t -test, and the risk factors of significant liver histological changes were analyzed by the multivariate logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

Among 1532 untreated CHB patients, 814 (53.13%) patients were in the indeterminate phase. Significant liver histological changes (defined as biopsy score ≥ G2 and/or ≥ S2) were found in 488/814 (59.95%) CHB patients in the indeterminate phase. Significant liver histological changes were significant differences among different age, platelets (PLTs), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) subgroup in indeterminate patient. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age ≥ 40 years old [adjust odd risk (aOR), 1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-1.97; P = 0.02], PLTs ≤ 150 × 109/L (aOR, 2.99; 95%CI: 1.85-4.83; P < 0.0001), and ALT ≥ upper limits of normal (aOR, 1.48; 95%CI: 1.08, 2.05, P = 0.0163) were independent risk factors for significant liver histological changes in CHB patients in the indeterminate phase.

CONCLUSION

Our results suggested that significant liver histological changes were not rare among the untreated CHB patients in indeterminate phase, and additional strategies are urgently required for the management of these patients.
Diagnostic and prognostic role of LINC01767 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Li , Cui Tong-Xing , Li Xiang-Zhi , Liu Chong , Wang Wen-Qin
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary contributor to cancer-related mortality on a global scale. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. Long noncoding RNAs are emerging markers for HCC diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic target. No study of LINC01767 in HCC was published.

AIM

To conduct a multi-omics analysis to explore the roles of LINC01767 in HCC for the first time.

METHODS

DESeq2 Package was used to analyze different gene expressions. Receiver operating characteristic curves assessed the diagnostic performance. Kaplan-Meier univariate and Cox multivariate analyses were used to perform survival analysis. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-Cox was used to identify the prediction model. Subsequent to the validation of LINC01767 expression in HCC fresh frozen tissues through quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction, next generation sequencing was performed following LINC01767 over expression (GSE243371), and Gene Ontology/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes/Gene Set Enrichment Analysis/ingenuity pathway analysis was carried out. In vitro experiment in Huh7 cell was carried out.

RESULTS

LINC01767 was down-regulated in HCC with a log fold change = 1.575 and was positively correlated with the cancer stemness. LINC01767 was a good diagnostic marker with area under the curve (AUC) [0.801, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.751-0.852, P = 0.0106] and an independent predictor for overall survival (OS) with hazard ratio = 1.899 (95%CI: 1.01-3.58, P = 0.048). LINC01767 nomogram model showed a satisfied performance. The top-ranked regulatory network analysis of LINC01767 showed the regulation of genes participating various pathways. LASSO regression identified the 9-genes model showing a more satisfied performance than 5-genes model to predict the OS with AUC > 0.75. LINC01767 was down-expressed obviously in tumor than para-tumor tissues in our cohort as well as in cancer cell line; the over expression of LINC01767 inhibit cell proliferation and clone formation of Huh7 in vitro .

CONCLUSION

LINC01767 was an important tumor suppressor gene in HCC with good diagnostic and prognostic performance.
8 A Study of the Influence of Fuel Temperature on Emission Characteristics and Engine Performance of Compression Ignition Engine
Authors: KUBOTA Masaru , YOSHIDA Koji , SHOJI Hideo , TANAKA Hidenori
Published: June 2024

In this study, the heated fuels were provided to the diesel engine in order to activate the fuel before the injection. Two test fuels: the normal diesel fuel and cetane, which have different boiling points were used. For both normal diesel fuel and cetane, crank angles at ignition and maximum pressure are delayed and the maximum combustion pressure is decreased as the fuel temperature rises. In cases of large and middle mass flow rate of fuel injection, the brake thermal efficiency and brake mean effective pressure are decreased when the fuel temperature is higher than 570 [K]. However, in the case of small mass flow rate of fuel injection, the brake thermal efficiency is almost independent of fuel temperature. HC and CO concentrations in the exhaust gas emission show constant values regardless of fuel temperature. However, NOx concentration is gradually decreased as the fuel temperature rises.
A New Approach for Isomerised LPG-Diesel Dual fuel Engine by two Different Isomerisation Catalysts Acidic Al2O3 Vs Al2O3 / Pt An Experimental Study
Authors: Nagarajan G. , Nathan S. Swami
Published: June 2024

It has long been appreciated by engineers that the presence of smoke in the diesel engine exhaust is an indication of poor combustion resulting from some malfunction or maladjustment. Nevertheless with increasing concern for the effect of air pollution on the environment, animal and plant life, particularly in the field of road transport, vehicle exhaust emissions have in recent years been subjected to increasingly stringent regulations. One approach in this direction is to use the isomerized LPG in diesel engine in dual fuel mode of operation. The isomerization process was done by a calculated quantity of isomerization catalysts. This paper reports on the study of performance, fuel economy, combustion characteristics and emissions in a 4 stroke, 4.4 kW, single cylinder diesel engine on dual fuel mode, when acidic Al2O3 Vs Al2O3 with Pt supported are used as isomerization catalysts in the isomerization processes.
50 Development of Measurement Method for Airborne Sound Emitted by Personal Watercraft
Authors: Kihara Takeshi , Iida Kazumi , Hirakawa Nobuo
Published: June 2024

The personal watercrafts (PWC's) are operated in various ways; going around on certain course again and again, repeating acceleration and deceleration, or prolonged idling operation, for instance. The procedure of ISO 14509 has been applied in the traditional sound measurement for powered recreational craft. However, the standard is designed to measure the sound from the typical small crafts, on the assumption that they run straight in a constant speed. It is believed to be inappropriate to use this procedure for the measurement of PWC sound.

In trying to establish the suitable procedure for PWC, evaluation by the auditory sense of 15 raters was carried out in parallel with the traditional sound pressure level measurement. As the candidate, four (4) measurement methods were employed in this test.

5 models of PWC's including modified crafts were used. Correlation between the results of traditional sound measurement and the auditory sense ratings was examined. Also taken into account was; reproducibility of the measurement, simplicity of the process, and capability of detecting the crafts modified by the users especially on the exhaust system. It was concluded that “Acceleration, Start at Bow on line” would be the most suitable method for evaluating the sound emitted by the PWC's.

Then, the sound pressure level was measured by this method on eighteen (18) production models of PWC to identify the average and distribution of the measured data. This was in preparation for the future regulations in which the required limits of the PWC sound pressure level may be set by means of the measurements taken by this method.
64 Ergonomic Approaches to Improved Scooter Riding Comfort
Authors: Hamada Kazuaki
Published: June 2024

This paper gives a report on ergonomic approaches we tried to scooters for improvements in their riding comfort. First we conducted investigations into riding postures that offer a comfortable scooter ride. That is, we picked out major items for the evaluation of scooter riding postures and investigated a correlation between those items and their physical quantities. Our investigation revealed that room for leg and arm movements played a major role in a scooter riding posture. We further found out a high correlation between the evaluation items for legroom and the knee angles and also high correlation between the evaluation items for legroom and the ankle angle.

Next we report on the result of the attempt we made at improved riding comfort by equipping the scooter seat with a backrest. To check the effects of backrest, we measured the seating pressure distribution, myogenic potential, and cardiogenic potential. We knew from those results that the use of a backrest in a scooter’s seat helped to lessen the load on the rider’s buttocks and back, thereby making a great contribution to improved riding comfort.
Development of Aluminum Alloy Frame of Motorcycle for Motocross
Authors: Gogo Kazuhiko , Nakayama Yasuhiro , Takahashi Kyo , Oka Tomoo
Published: June 2024

High rigidity and light weight properties of the frames and swing-arms of motorcycles for motocross are requested. A twin-tube type frame using newly developed aluminum alloy having tensile strength of 450MPa and a tapered swing-arm made by a new manufacturing method have been developed. As a result, the weight of the frame and swing-arm was reduced by 2000g and the lateral rigidity and torsional rigidity of the frame were achieved at 2 times and 1.7 times compared with the previous models, and improve driving stability and acceleration.
Design Considerations for Overhead Valve Train in Small High Speed 4-Cycle Engines
Authors: Kurihara Katsumi , Conley James G.
Published: June 2024

Ryobi Outdoor Products (ROP) in Arizona, one of the subsidiaries of Ryobi Group of companies, developed 26.2cc OHV engine for string trimmers. (2) The outline of the valve train of this engine was presented at the SAE conference at Indianapolis 1996.(3) This paper describes methodologies and theoretical considerations by which such a unique valve train was developed. The theoretical consideration includes how optimize the valve train design to minimize the moving mass as a total system. Methodology for optimizing the design of each component of valve train is also presented. A review of how the theoretical optimization was translated into the final production engine design is given. The experimental effort to optimize cylinder head design to make the overall optimized design theory reality is described.
Development of All Position-Operatable Small Four-stroke Engine
Authors: Shiga Mitsuo , Nishida Takao , Ryu Yasutake , Tugekawa Takanori , Higashi Kenji , Maeda Takeshi
Published: June 2024

A small four-stroke engine capable of all positional operation has been developed. The engine for hand held equipment provides easy maneuverability like two-stroke engines which are dominated in the small engine market. The developed technologies include the following items.

①
360° all positional operation by adopting a new lubrication system.

②
Light-weight with a thin uni-block cylinder, etc.

③
Normal operation at more than 10,000 rpm and at low and medium revolution range are combined by high output with a wide torque band.

Equally easy handling and better workability compared with the conventional two-stroke engines are achieved. In addition, better starting reliability, drastically improved emission, and half-reduction of running costs are also confirmed.
Laser Sheet Droplet Concentration Measurements in a High Speed Two-Stroke Engine
Authors: EKENBERG Martin , JOHANSSON Bengt
Published: June 2024

Laser sheet droplet illumination was used to visualize the concentration of fuel droplets over the piston top area. Four different cylinder designs were examined: Open transfer channels and three types of cup handle transfer channels.

Optical access to the scavenging area of the engine was achieved by removing the silencer and use a window in the top of the engine. The engines were run at their rated speeds: 9000 rpm for three of the engines and 5800 rpm for one of them.

Images of the concentration patterns were captured at various crank positions, −20, −10, 0, 10, 20, 30 Crank Angle Degrees (CAD) from Bottom Dead Center (BDC). Results show that the concentration of fuel droplets is higher close to the back wall of the cylinder with cup handle transfer channels.

Late in the scavenging phase, the concentration pattern is more spread over the entire cylinder area, for all types of transfer channels.
A Simulation Model for Motorcycle Rider's Control Behaviors
Authors: Katayama Tsuyoshi , Nishimi Tomoo , Okayama Takumi , Aoki Akira
Published: June 2024

A basic control model for the motorcycle rider is proposed. The basic model is applied to three typical running tasks in order to discuss applicability of the model. The three running tasks are slalom, transient obstacle avoidance, and low speed lane change. It has been shown that the basic model can be applicable to these tasks when the model is modified minutely.
Development of Integrated Data Acquisition System with LAN Interface for Racing Motorcycles
Authors: Ohta Tohru , Sakoh Shinsaku , Mori Shunichi , Shinohara Hirohiko , Mishima Masaki
Published: June 2024

This paper describes the design and features of a new-type data acquisition system for racing motorcycles. With the technological advances of developments and measurements of the racing motorcycles, the functions of the system needed to be enhanced to incorporate the following: to extend number and type of input signals, to efficiently compare the large amount of data which were acquired in different test conditions, to annotate measured data with test conditions and rider comments, to operate simply and easily from the measurement to the analysis, and to have compact and light on-board hardware to ensure competitive riding. The integrated data acquisition system was newly developed with consideration of these requirements. The new system is composed of an onboard system, a remote data-analyzer which is a personal computer with customized software, and a remote data-buffer. The on-board system is composed of a core-module and function-modules. Each module is fitted to open spaces within a motorcycle and connected by Local Area Network. The software of the data-analyzer has easy operation with Graphical User Interface. Hence, the utility of this system was greatly improved. This system has contributed to MFJ All Japan Road Race Championships since 1995.
Spectroscopic Measurement of OH Radical Emission Behavior Using a 2-Cycle Engine
Authors: Amino Yasunori , Hashimoto Shunsuke , Yoshida Koji , Shoji Hideo , Saima Atsushi
Published: June 2024

The aim of this research was to investigate the mechanism causing autoignition and the effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on combustion by detecting the behavior of the OH radical and other excited molecules present in the flame in a spark ignition engine. The test equipment used was a 2-cycle engine equipped with a Schnürle scavenging system. Using emission spectroscopy, the behavior of the OH radical was measured at four locations in the end zone of the combustion chamber. The OH radical plays an important role in the elemental reactions of hydrocarbon fuels.

When a certain level of EGR was applied according to the engine operating conditions, the unburned gas became active owing to heat transfer from residual gas near the measurement positions on the exhaust port side and the influence of excited species in the residual gas, and autoignition tended to occur.
Analysis of Intermediate Combustion Products in Preflame Reactions in a Spark-Ignition Engine
Authors: Matsushima Toshiyuki , Yoshida Koji , Shoji Hideo , Saima Atsushi
Published: June 2024

The use of a higher compression ratio is desirable for improving the thermal efficiency and specific power of spark-ignition engines, but it gives rise to a problem of engine knock. In the present research, an investigation was made of the role of the preflame reaction region of a spark-ignition engine in the occurrence of autoignition. Emission spectroscopy was used to measure the behavior of formaldehyde (HCHO) in a cool flame. In addition, measure the behavior of the faint light attributed to the HCO radical in a blue flame with the concurrent measurement of the OH radical.

The emission waveforms measurements obtained for HCHO when n-heptane (ORON) was used as the fuel, It is thought that these tendencies correspond to the passage and degeneracy of a cool flame. Further, the emission waveforms measured for the HCO radical when blended fuels (6ORON, 8ORON) were correspond to that of a blue flame.