bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Discrimination of Nurses in Healthcare Administration and Management: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Mirani Zahid Hussain , Rohoojo Muhammad Idrees , Sohu Junaid Ahmed , Siddiqui Shayan , Channa Saiqa
Published: August 2023

The current study is about the discriminatory attitudes and behaviors with nurses in healthcare management as a manager equal to the doctor which is not yet recognized by the doctors. The study was carried out employing the qualitative research methods in order to understand the research problem through the perspectives of affected population. The researchers chose to conduct this study to investigate the problem through the nurses’ perspectives. The sampling type was purposive whereby the research participants who have lived experiences are selected for the in-depth interviews. The sample size of the study is 5 nurses (male) serving as in the government hospitals. The researcher collected the data in natural settings from the targeted population. The researchers used thematic analysis for research findings of the study. All collected data were transcribed and coded to develop the categories and themes. The findings of the study reveal that the nurses are discriminated by the doctor community who are health administrators in government hospitals. This attitudes and behavior is manifested on different fronts such as politically, socially and professionally. Such an attitude diminishes the creativity and enthusiasm of the nurse medical practitioners due to the injustice on professional grounds. Although, nurses claim that they can be health administrators if government authorized them and put them into these key administrative positions to serve even better.
Comparative Analysis of Consumer Laws in Pakistan and India
Authors: Khan Tehseenullah , Zakir Muhammad Hamza , Iqbal Muhammad Zafar
Published: August 2023

Consumer protection laws play a crucial role in safeguarding the rights and interests of consumers in any country. This research paper presents a comparative analysis of consumer laws in Pakistan and India, aiming to explore the similarities, differences, strengths, and weaknesses of the respective legal frameworks. The study examines the historical development, legal provisions, enforcement mechanisms, remedies and compensation, consumer rights and responsibilities, consumer awareness, and education initiatives, as well as the challenges and gaps in consumer protection laws. The research methodology involves a comprehensive review of primary and secondary sources, including legislation, case law, scholarly articles, and reports. The paper begins with an introduction that provides the background and significance of consumer laws in Pakistan and India. It outlines the research objectives and scope, as well as the methodology employed in the study. The historical overview section traces the evolution of consumer protection in both countries, highlighting key milestones and legislative frameworks that have shaped the present legal landscape. Moreover, it identifies challenges and gaps in the implementation of consumer laws in Pakistan and India. It discusses issues related to consumer redressal, access to justice, and enforcement mechanisms.
Using 360-degree videos to raise empathy and understanding of dementia
Authors: Yurkiv Halyna , Wang Arthur Ze Yu , Newman Kristine
Published: August 2023

A lack of dementia understanding can complicate caring for people living with this condition. Caregivers need to connect with people living with dementia on an affective level to better understand their unique needs. 360-degree video is a type of virtual reality that can allow one to experience how it is to live with dementia. This study utilized 360-degree videos filmed from the point of view of people living with dementia to enhance nursing students and practicing nurses’ dementia empathy and understanding. Sixteen participants watched two 360-degree videos and participated in individual in-depth interviews. The cathartic powers of these videos made participants feel isolated, misunderstood, or confused, like those living with dementia. This helped participants reflect on the care they have been providing to patients living with dementia and share how they will enhance their care. Experienced nurses shared insights related to priorities and helpful strategies in providing dementia care. Novice nurses gained a better perspective of how it feels to live with dementia. It is recommended to include these videos as part of orientation, in-service training, and in nursing education curricula. Participants also recommended filming other 360-degree videos portraying scenarios with advanced care strategies useful in dementia care.
Improving the optical properties of finishing coatings for façade systems
Authors:   University of Porto, Veloso Rita Carvalho , Dias Catarina ,   University of Porto, Souza Andrea Resende ,   University of Porto, Maia Joana ,   University of Porto, Ramos Nuno M. M. ,   University of Porto, Ventura João ,   University of Porto
Published: August 2023

The need to improve energy efficiency of the building stock has led to a continuous increase in the implementation of exterior thermal insulation systems, such as ETICS. Progressively, these systems are being applied with darker colours, increasing the concern for hygrothermal behaviour and durability. Despite the significant developed studies, very few reports regarding their optical properties are available. The optical and catalytic capacity turns nanomaterials into excellent candidates for use in finishing coatings with high solar reflectance with dark colours without affecting the aesthetic characteristics, thus improving the durability of such coatings. Our study targeted the development of innovative envelope systems by increasing their solar reflectance through new finishing coatings formulations with the inclusion of nanoparticles. For that, it is necessary to develop and optimize nanoparticles formulations to achieve a high near-infrared reflectance. Here, we studied how the incorporation of reflective nanomaterials influence the optical behaviour of a black colourant for a finishing coating, varying the concentration in the coating from 0 to 20%. Such optical performance was experimentally evaluated through spectral reflectance calculations using a modular spectrophotometer, which allowed an understanding of the relation between these properties and the morphological and structural characteristics of the nanoparticles. The results from such studies can help formulate new finishing coatings with increased near-infrared reflectance of buildings façades, using, for instance, more than one type of nanoparticle.
Accelerated climate aging tests of structural insulated panels with waste-based core materials
Authors:   SINTEF, Moschetti Roberta , Gullbrekken Lars ,   SINTEF, Maia Joana ,   University of Porto
Published: August 2023

One of the challenges of climate change in the building sector is related to the durability of materials, i.e., the resistance to degradation due to weathering over time. The durability of building components can be assessed through long-term natural outdoor climate exposure or appropriate accelerated climate aging in the laboratory. SINTEF Research Centre owns a climate simulator apparatus to perform aging tests according to the Nordtest method NT Build 495:2000. The aim of this article is to show the results from an accelerated climatic aging test performed on three different configurations of a structural insulated panel (SIP), which is characterized by waste-based core materials. The samples were tested for one month, corresponding to about one year of natural outdoor climate exposure. The results from the test performed in the climate simulator include information on the sample changes occurring during the analyzed period, together with the scale of such changes and the time of occurrence. Therefore, the test results are qualitative and based on the fact that a change in the performance properties of the samples corresponds to a change in their appearance during the test. This includes, for instance, signs of degradation, such as cracks, loss of gloss, or delamination.
Promoting advances in understanding water vapor sorption in wood: relegating popular models and misconceptions
Authors:   Building and Fire Sciences, Glass Samuel V. , Zelinka Samuel L. ,   Building and Fire Sciences, Boardman Charles R. ,   Building and Fire Sciences, Thybring Emil Engelund ,   University of Copenhagen
Published: August 2023

Water vapor sorption is a fundamental characteristic of wood as a building material. Apart from empirical prediction, models are often used to interpret the time-dependent process of water vapor uptake (sorption kinetics) and equilibrium states of water in wood (sorption isotherms). This paper summarizes our recent investigations into measurement methods and popular models that are widely used for interpreting these physical phenomena. Commonly used criteria for determining equilibrium moisture content with the dynamic vapor sorption technique yield much larger errors than previously thought. A more rigorous equilibrium criterion and a method to reduce data acquisition time are proposed. Evaluation of the parallel exponential kinetics model with improved data and multi-exponential decay analysis indicates that this model is unable to characterize the full sorption kinetic response following a step change in relative humidity. Fitting of common sorption isotherm models to high-quality equilibrium data for wood gives model predicted physical quantities such as monolayer capacity and enthalpy of sorption that are far from agreement with independently measured data. Thus, these models are not valid for water vapor sorption in wood. New theoretical models are needed that correctly describe the physical phenomena.
Study of ventilated low-slope and large span wooden element roofs in the current and future climate
Authors:   AFRY Buildings Finland Oy, Sekki Pauli , Saleva Eero ,   AFRY Buildings Finland Oy, Laamanen Pekka ,   AFRY Buildings Finland Oy
Published: August 2023

Finland's building regulations and guidelines rely on ventilation to ensure the hygrothermal performance of structures. For wooden roofs, height of ventilation cavity and area of ventilation openings have been determined depending on roof slope and roof area in guideline. This causes difficulties in practical implementation in low-slope roofs with large span, because the guideline leads to large ventilation openings that can be challenging to be implemented. In practice, roof element suppliers have produced roofs with slightly smaller height of ventilation cavities and areas of ventilation openings. This study examined the hygrothermal behavior of the ventilated wooden roof, where the role of airtightness of vapor barrier and ventilation rate were investigated. The ventilation rates of the simulation model were set based on the results of longterm continuous measurement. First, to ensure the applicability of used model, the mold index calculated from measurements was compared to simulated with the design weather data. Next, hygrothermal behavior was evaluated based on mold index using the design climate data (current and future) for airtight and 'loose' structure with various ventilation rates. Results shows that focusing on airtightness is important. However, the larger ventilation rate has an unfavorable effect on mold index which is emphasized in future climate. Thus, revision of the design guidelines is proposed to restrict the ventilation openings and unnecessarily effective ventilation. In addition, air tightness guidelines should be set more precisely from the perspective of moisture safety.
Diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Wilson y sus fenotipos usando inteligencia artificial
Authors: Medici Valentina , Czlonkowska Anna , Litwin Tomasz , Giulivi Cecilia
Published: August 2023

La EW es causada por las variantes de ATP7B que alteran el eflujo de cobre y provocan una acumulación excesiva de cobre, principalmente en el hígado y el cerebro. El diagnóstico de la EW se ve dificultado por su evolución clínica variable, su aparición, su morbilidad y el tipo de variante ATP7B. Actualmente se diagnostica mediante una combinación de síntomas/signos clínicos, parámetros aberrantes del metabolismo del cobre (por ejemplo, niveles séricos bajos de ceruloplasmina y concentraciones elevadas de cobre urinario y hepático) y cuando están disponibles, a través de pruebas genéticas de mutaciones ATP7B. Dado que el diagnóstico y el tratamiento precoces son clave para obtener resultados favorables, es fundamental identificar a los sujetos antes de la aparición de manifestaciones clínicas manifiestamente perjudiciales. Con este fin, tratamos de mejorar el diagnóstico de la EW mediante algoritmos de redes neuronales artificiales (parte de la inteligencia artificial) integrando los parámetros clínicos y moleculares disponibles. Sorprendentemente, el diagnóstico de la EW se basó en los niveles plasmáticos de glutamato, asparagina, taurina y el cociente de Fischer. Dado que estos aminoácidos están relacionados con los ciclos urea-Krebs, nuestro estudio no sólo subraya el papel central de las mitocondrias hepáticas en la patología de la EW, sino también que la mayoría de los pacientes con EW presentan una disfunción hepática subyacente. Nuestro estudio aporta pruebas novedosas de que la inteligencia artificial utilizada para el análisis integrado de la EW puede dar lugar a un diagnóstico más precoz y a tratamientos mecánicamente relevantes para los pacientes con EW.
Analysis of nursing programme completion rates in a southwestern Colombian university
Authors: Gaitán-Gómez Olga Lucia , Gaitan-Gomez Claudia Liliana , Aristizabal Patricia , Ospina Uribe Martha Cecilia
Published: August 2023

The aim of this research was to determine the graduation rate of a nursing programme and to explore the factors that contribute to or hinder the successful completion of the programme. The research adopted a descriptive approach, using a sample of students enrolled in and graduating from a nursing programme at a university in the southwestern region of Colombia, from 2012 to 2021. Data for the study were obtained from the university's academic records, meticulously organised and analysed using Microsoft Excel® spreadsheets. The analytical process involved extensive descriptive statistical analysis, including frequency tables, indices and proportions. The ethical considerations of the study were duly addressed, with formal approval from the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health, as documented in Law No. 05 of 22 April 2022. The cumulative graduation rate for the nursing programme for the period 2017 to 2021 was 37.9%. In addition, the study provided insights into the graduation rates for specific cohorts, with the following findings: for the cohort from 2012 to 2017, the rate was 18.2%; for the cohort from 2013 to 2018, the rate reached 32.3%; the cohort from 2014 to 2019 recorded a rate of 37.1%; similarly, the cohort from 2015 to 2020 recorded a rate of 40.5%, while the most recent cohort from 2016 to 2021 achieved a rate of 43.3%. Further examination of the data revealed that certain academic and socio-economic-personal factors significantly influenced successful completion of the programme. These included a strong affinity with the programme's "vocation of service to humanity" and crucial family support in a spiritual context. Looking at the cumulative and cohort-specific completion rates, it became clear that the attrition rate, which includes students who either partially or completely withdrew from the programme during their studies, was over 50%.
THE SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN THE FIELD OF ECOLOGY
Authors: Zhakyp M. K. , Dosan A.
Published: August 2023

Each industry has its own separate structure of public administration. Similarly, there are official structures in the Republic of Kazakhstan, i.e. ministries that oversee various sectors of the country, solve urgent problems and establish direct contact with people. The article analyzes the activities of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources within the framework of these state institutions on the formation of public opinion in the field of ecology. At the same time, the work of the public relations department of the said ministry was studied. In the course of the study, the pages of the ministry in social networks were studied. Analyzing the activities of the public relations department of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the official website and pages in social networks of the specified state structure were analyzed. As sources of research work, we used the official website of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan, pages on social networks (Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Facebook).
PROFILAXIA PÓS–EXPOSIÇÃO SEXUAL AO HIV EM REGISTROS DE UM CENTRO DE SAÚDE
Authors: Corrêa Camila Pimentel , Bleyer Perla Silveira , Passarela Guilherme Braga , Moraes Cladis Loren Kiefer
Published: August 2023

Caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico e sociodemográfico dos indivíduos que buscaram a Profilaxia Pós-Exposição sexual, de risco ao HIV, em um Centro de Saúde no município de Florianópolis, no Estado de Santa Catarina.Estudo descritivo, exploratório e quantitativo, em prontuários e banco de dados. Identificou-se 84 prontuários, entre janeiro 2019 e julho de 2022. Foram eliminados 51 prontuários, sendo avaliados 33 prontuários. O perfil caracterizou 16(48%) indivíduos com idade entre 30 a 39 anos; 11(33%) solteiros; 28(85%) homens; 15(45%) heterossexuais; 14(42%) ensino médio completo; 12(36%) com parcerias eventuais; 15(45%) usam preservativo com parcerias fixas; 17(52%) sem doença sexual em 12 meses; 28(85%) retornaram após 30 dias; 28(85%) não realizaram exame do HIV após 30 dias; 33(100%) não retornaram e não realizaram exame HIV após 90 dias. Nas questões de múltiplas opções encontrou-se perguntas sem informações/respostas. A enfermagem tem responsabilidade nos registros completos dos usuários, permitindo a comunicação entre a equipe de saúde e a promoção de ações de prevenção ao HIV. O perfil indica que homens jovens, solteiros, heterossexuais, com ensino médio e com parcerias sexuais eventuais, praticaram atividade sexual de risco e utilizaram o protocolo de pós exposição ao HIV. Assim, os resultados indicam um maior risco das mulheres de exposição ao HIV via sexual, com risco para desenvolverem Aids.
Urgency Religious Moderation in Creating an Attitude of Community Tolerance in Hamlet XV Pematang Johar Village
Authors: Sani Disti Adila , Khairani Cahya , Octaviani Lita , Fadila Risa , Nararya Habib Lauda , Agustini  , Sari Cut Nalda
Published: August 2023

Not only experiencing differences in religion, but the residents of Pematang Johar Village also consist of various ethnicities. Starting from Malay, Batak, Javanese, Banjar, Banten and others. Therefore, religious moderation and tolerance are very important things to be prioritized in religious life. Religious moderation is very important because tolerance in religious moderation is a good way to deal with threats in religious life. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The descriptive qualitative method adjusts the opinion between the researcher and the informant. The people of Pematang Johar Village, even though they have different religions, still help each other if there are activities. Mutual respect and appreciation when it comes to worship are also good enough. Then, when there is an invitation for Muslims, they do not hesitate to help financially and in terms of energy. We are born with many differences, including different ethnicities, religions, and races, but all of this is not our will but has become the destiny of the almighty. Every difference should not be used as a mistake in socializing and socializing.
Effects of 6-Benzyladenine with Silver Thiosulfate on Growth Traits and Flowering Induction in Cassava
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkhen Campus, Bangkok 10900, Prangkratok Thanapon , Phumichai Chalermpol ,   Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkhen Campus, Bangkok 10900, Kongsil Pasajee ,   Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkhen Campus, Bangkok 10900
Published: August 2023

Cassava flowering characteristics are important for breeding program in order to operate the preferred crossing along with the plan. Therefore, this research aims to assess cassava response to growth and flowering traits when it was induced by spraying 6-benzyladenine (BA) at different concentrations along with silver thiosulfate (STS). The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications was planned by using Huay-bong 80 as a commercial variety that was sprayed with BA at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0 1.5 and 2.0 mM with 2.0 mM STS concentrations. The data from growth traits which consisted of the plant height, the 1st branching height, and the 1st branching ratio to plant height were recorded after planting for 2-8 months. The data from flowering traits which consisted of the number of female flowers, the number of male flowers and the number of bunches per plant were recorded after planting for 5-8 months. The results showed that BA at different concentrations did not affect the growth traits of Huay-bong 80. There was no statistically significant difference in all traits of every month studied. For the flowering traits of Huay-bong 80, BA at different concentrations led to the statistically significant differences (P<0.01) in the number of female flowers, the number of male flowers and the number of bunches per plant. When the cassava was 7 months old after planting as well as the number of male flowers and the number of bunches per plant. Spraying 1.0 millimolar BA in combination with STS resulted in the greatest effect. Although the concentration of BA resulted in statistically significant difference in the flowering traits of cassava in some months studied, it did not affect the number of flowers sufficient for using in the cassava breeding program.
Inspection of aircraft parts by eddy current method
Authors: Karanfiloğlu Büşra , Erden Neşet Vefa , Gültekin Elif Eren
Published: August 2023

Aviation technologies are developing due to the need for advancements at military field and the increase in commercial air transportation. The development of aviation technology also forces the development of Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Standards. The accuracy of these inspections, their fast results and their applicability on many materials is one of the important issues to be studied. Eddy current testing, which has a significant advantage in terms of test speed and accuracy, is one of the main methods used in the non-destructive testing of aircraft parts. The test is used not only in metal and metal alloy materials, but also in composite materials with high conductivity such as carbon fiber to detect failures. Also, improvements at the eddy current test system and probes play a major role in the failure assessment of aircraft parts. In this article, comprehensive technical information about the eddy current testing method is given and the case studies are presented.
The Role of E-Commerce Adoption in Enhancing Regulatory Compliance in Information Systems of Foreign Investment Management in Malaysia - A Moderating Effect of Innovation Management
Authors: Zhu Bin
Published: August 2023

Over the years, the rise of e-commerce has brought about significant changes in the way businesses operate globally which also includes how foreign investment is managed. As more companies move on-line and engage in move-border transactions, foreign investment management has turned out to be greater complicated and requires a distinctive set of techniques. This study aims to examine the mediating role of IT capabilities and information security measures, as well as the moderating role of innovation management in this relationship. This study uses a cross-sectional research design. Data were collected from 230 Malaysian foreign investment management firms using a structured questionnaire. The measurement scales used were validated and adopted from previous studies. SPSS was used to analyze the data and test the hypothesized relationships. The findings of the study showed that e-commerce adoption has a significant and positive impact on regulatory compliance. Furthermore, this relationship is significantly mediated by IT capabilities and information security measures and moderated by innovation management. This study provides valuable insights into the effects of e-commerce adoption on regulatory compliance in the context of foreign investment management in Malaysia. The findings underscore the importance of developing strong IT capabilities and implementing strong information security measures to enhance regulatory compliance. Additionally, the study emphasizes the need for innovative management practices to effectively leverage e-commerce adoption for regulatory compliance.
Research on the Impact and Optimization of Industrial Structure Adjustment on Marketing Strategy of Financial Institutions in the Digital Economy Era
Authors: Gao Ziqiu
Published: August 2023

The role of marketing strategy in the industrial structure adjustment and development of financial institutions in the era of the digital economy has changed marketing strategy and made the industrial structure adjustment of financial institutions in the era of the digital economy a hot spot. However, in the process of changing the marketing strategy of financial institutions, there are problems such as poor marketing concepts, weak online sales capabilities, network data analysis, and small mining volume. The main reason is that the traditional marketing model does not use information management technology to restrict the development of financial institutions. Therefore, this paper proposes a marketing method based on information management technology to plan the marketing strategies of financial institutions with different networks. First, phyton software is used to collect financial institutions' marketing data from the Guoan Tai database in 2018~2022, and according to the collected data of 33 financial institutions for analysis. Then, the judgment of marketing strategy is based on information management technology to improve the accuracy of financial institutions' selection of marketing strategy. The adjustment results show that under the background of the digital economy, information technology can improve the marketing strategy selection of financial institutions, promote the optimization of marketing strategies of financial institutions, and respond to the requirements of the financial market. Information technology can improve the accuracy and effect of marketing strategy selection of financial institutions, making its accuracy greater than 90%, which is significantly better than 80% of the manual identification method. At the same time, information technology can improve the recognition rate of marketing strategy, which is more than 80%, and provide support for the formulation of marketing strategy. Therefore, under the condition of a digital economy, industrial structure has a significant impact on the marketing strategy of financial institutions, while information technology methods can identify strategic indicators, improve the effect and accuracy of strategy formulation, and promote the development of financial institutions.
Impact of Resource Planning and Information Management Services based on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) - The Eco-Environmental and Economic Behavior for the Chemical Industries in China
Authors: Lin Weilun
Published: August 2023

The Chinese economy and the global supply chain both heavily rely on the chemical industry. These services strive to optimize resource utilization, decrease environmental contamination, and support environmentally friendly and commercially successful operations in the chemical sector by incorporating sustainable practices and utilizing technical breakthroughs .Sustainable development goals (SDGs) are a necessity that has only lately come to light on a global scale, but they are a dynamic phenomenon that calls for ongoing analysis and is the subject of current study and policy. As more people become aware of environmental issues, businesses are under pressure to manage their supply chains in an environmentally sustainable manner. This quantitative study analyses the effects of resource planning and information management services on eco-environmental and economic behavior in China's chemical industries with a focus on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study used a longitudinal research design with data collected at two separate time points due to low response rates. The study employs a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire for data collection, and SPSS Macros is used for statistical analysis. The author has also investigated the moderating effects of resource availability and the use of resource theory. The findings of this study contribute valuable insights to the field of sustainable development and industrial practices. The implications of these research findings are twofold. First, they provide valuable guidance for the chemical industries in China to enhance their eco-environmental and economic performance through efficient resource planning and data-driven information management. Second, the study's identification of key sustainable development factors can assist policymakers in formulating targeted strategies to advance the SDGs within the chemical sector. The findings support sustainable behavior in the chemical industry by offering useful insights into how to include SDGs into resource planning and information management systems.
Cultural Intelligence in Military Leaders and Its Influence on Performance through Cultural Intelligence Scale
Authors: Setyawan Imanda , Hadna Agus Heruanto , Kutanegara Pande Made , Darwin Muhadjir
Published: August 2023

Background: The existence of strong ethnic factors in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) and the diversity of dioceses is the basis that cultural intelligence needs to be applied by all soldiers so they can carry out their duties and to be accepted by society.
Aim: This paper aims to determine the cultural intelligence of leaders and explain the urgency of the performance in military organization based on a number of cases in NTT involving the role of the military leadership in solving problems
Method: Using a mixed method with a quantitative descriptive approach which was tested on military leaders at Military Resort Command 161 NTT, the data shows that the cultural intelligence measured using the Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS) is dominated by moderate leaders.
Findings: In addition, based on the results of statistical tests through correlation-regression tests, it shows that cultural intelligence has a significant effect on leader performance. This shows how urgent cultural intelligence is for soldiers, especially in carrying out their performance directly related to the community. Internal organizational factors that significantly affect the cultural intelligence of leaders are expected to be a reference in making policies or programs that can increase the cultural intelligence of military personnel.
Critical Thinking in Academic Legal Education
Authors: van Klink Bart
Published: August 2023

Critical Thinking in Academic Legal Education

Critical thinking is generally considered to be one of the central goals – if not the ultimate goal – of education. Critical thinking, as part of liberal learning, is done primarily for its own sake, for the sheer pleasure of thinking against the grain, exploring new ideas and thereby contributing to the development of scientific knowledge. The liberal conception of critical thinking is under threat, since education is nowadays turned into some form of social engagement. Increasingly, academic education is conceived in instrumental terms as a means to achieve some non-academic end: to create responsible ‘academic citizens’, who are committed to the values of diversity and inclusion and who are engaged in solving contemporary social problems. Against this tendency, this article defends a liberal conception of critical thinking in academic legal education and addresses three questions: (i) what is critical thinking? (ii) why do we need critical thinking? and (iii) how can we, as teachers, promote critical thinking in our students? Finally, it raises the question of whether a liberal conception of critical thinking rules out any kind of social engagement as pursued by universities in the present day.
Twintig jaar uitlegging van uiterste wilsbeschikkingen als inspiratie voor een ‘uitlegarm’ testament
Authors: van der Geld L.A.G.M.
Published: August 2023

Twintig jaar uitlegging van uiterste wilsbeschikkingen als inspiratie voor een ‘uitlegarm’ testament

Er is de afgelopen twintig jaar veel jurisprudentie op het gebied van de uitlegging van testamenten gepubliceerd. Hierin wordt door de rechter systematisch artikel 4:46 BW toegepast: wat waren de verhoudingen die erflater wilde regelen en onder welke omstandigheden is het testament gemaakt? In deze bijdrage wordt aan de hand van deze jurisprudentie naar mogelijkheden gezocht om een testament ‘uitlegarm’ te maken; de notaris heeft immers de redactie van het testament in handen. Er zijn verschillende aandachtspunten die bij het maken van een testament in acht genomen kunnen worden. In deze bijdrage wordt een aantal van die aandachtspunten uitgewerkt.
Ontwikkeling van het Nederlandse internationaal erfrecht in de afgelopen twintig jaar
Authors: Knot J.G.
Published: August 2023

Ontwikkeling van het Nederlandse internationaal erfrecht in de afgelopen twintig jaar

In deze bijdrage staat de ontwikkeling van de in Nederland geldende regels van internationaal erfrecht in de afgelopen twintig jaar centraal. Het aantal erfrechtelijke zaken met een internationaal karakter in de Nederlandse rechtspraktijk is in deze periode flink toegenomen. Door de komst van de ErfVo zijn de regels van internationaal erfrecht binnen de kring van lidstaten van de Europese Unie geharmoniseerd, waardoor estate planning en afwikkeling gemakkelijker zijn geworden. Op het vlak van de rechtskeuze zijn de mogelijkheden om voor Nederlands recht te kiezen afgenomen. Oude rechtskeuzes, uitgebracht vóór 17 augustus 2015 ten aanzien van de gehele erfopvolging, blijven echter geldig. De objectieve verwijzingsregels zijn daarentegen eenvoudiger geworden. In de praktijk kan voor erflaters die in Nederland wonen sneller worden aangenomen dat ons ‘nieuwe’ Nederlandse erfrecht van toepassing is.
Is de vervaltermijn in artikel 4:85 BW om een beroep op de legitieme portie te doen aan herziening toe?
Authors: Mellema-Kranenburg T.J.
Published: August 2023

Is de vervaltermijn in artikel 4:85 BW om een beroep op de legitieme portie te doen aan herziening toe?

In 2003 heeft de vervaltermijn zijn intrede gedaan bij de regeling van de legitieme portie. De belangrijkste reden daarvoor was om de belanghebbenden, met name de erfgenamen, niet te lang in onzekerheid te laten of de legitimaris zich al dan niet op zijn wilsrecht zou beroepen. Maar door deze vervaltermijn kunnen de belangen van bepaalde legitimarissen onnodig in het gedrang komen. In dit artikel wordt geprobeerd een oplossing te vinden die een evenwicht vormt voor alle belanghebbenden.
RÜYA, MASAL, RESİM ÇERÇEVESİNDE MONOMİTİ: BİNBİR GÜNDÜZ MASALLARI ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: KASIMOĞLU Seval
Published: August 2023

Bu makalenin amacı, Binbir Gündüz Masallarının çerçeve masalını Joseph Campbell’ın monomit adını verdiği sistematik çerçevesinde incelemektir. Binbir Gündüz Masalları Doğu edebiyatında çerçeve masal tekniğiyle oluşturulmuş önemli bir külliyattır. Binbir Gece Masallarındaki kadınların sadakatsiz olduğuna dair fikre bir nazire olarak yazıldığı öne sürülen bu masallarda egemen olan konu erkeklerin güvenilmez ve sadakatsiz olduklarıdır. Eser, Keşmir hükümdarının kızı Ferahnaz’ın gördüğü bir rüya dolayısıyla edindiği erkeklerin sadakatsizliğine dair fikrini değiştirmek üzere bin bir gündüz boyunca dadısının anlattığı masallardan oluşmaktadır. Kişinin ruhsal erginlemesi Campbell tarafından monomit adıyla sistemleştirilirken, bu sistemi açıklamak üzere Sigmund Freud, Carl Gustav Jung, Donald Winnocolt, Geza Róheim ve Melanie Klein gibi çeşitli psikanalistlerin görüşlerine başvurulmuştur. Bu makalede ise çoğunlukla Carl Gustav Jung ve Sigmund Freud’un psikanalitik görüşlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışma temelde yol çıkış, erginleme ve dönüş bölümlerinden oluşmaktadır. Bir problemin ortaya çıkışını serimleyen yola çıkış, psikanalitik olarak kişinin bilinç dışı ile bilincinin birbirinden ayrılışının bir ifadesidir. Kahramanın erginlemesi ise bilinci ile bilinçdışının birlikte varoluşudur. Bu masalda kahramanın yola çıkışı, Ferahnaz’ın gördüğü rüya ile başlamıştır. Bu masalda Ferahnaz’ın ruhsal farkındalık yolculuğunun başlangıcı, bilinçdışında baskıladıklarının rüya sembolü ile ortaya konmasıyla simgelenmiştir. Erginlemesi ise masallar aracılığıyla olmuştur. Rüyaların aksine masallar, bilinçdışı içeriklerin baskılanmasını anlatmazlar. Onlar baskılanmış olanların günyüzüne çıkmasına hizmet eden gündüz düşleridir. Bu noktada dadısı tarafından hamamda anlatılan masallar Ferahnaz’ın bilinçdışı içeriklerinin ortaya çıktığı bir dünya oluşturur. Erkeklerin sadakatine dayanan konuların anlatıldığı bu masalların sihirli dünyasından Ferahnaz’ı kurtaran ise rahibin odasında gördüğü resimdir. Makalede resim göstergesi, bilinçdışında baskılanmış içeriklerin somut hale getirilerek ortaya konması olarak okunmuştur. Bu sahnede dikkat çeken önemli argümanlardan biri resimle birlikte tanrı kavramına fazlaca vurgunun ortaya çıkmasıdır. Tanrı kavramının bu sahnede ortaya çıkması ve masalın başındaki rüya ile resmin birbirilerinin yansımasını oluşturması kahramanın olumlu bilinç tasarımının bilinçdışıyla bir araya gelmesini temsil etmektedir. Yukarıda anlatılanlar ışığında rüya, masal ve resim göstergeleri ışığında Binbir Gündüz masalları monomitsel olarak incelenerek kahramanın ruhsal farkındalığı kazanmasının bir örneği okunacaktır.
TARSUS YÖRESİNDE MİTOLOJİK FİGÜRLERDEN OLAN ŞAHMERAN’IN MERSİN OLGUNLAŞMA ENSTİTÜSÜ ÇALIŞMALARINDAKİ YERİ
Authors: İŞBİLİR Sevim , SÖNMEZTÜRK Gözde , SAVARİ Murat
Published: August 2023

Mitler, kendilerini ortaya çıkaran toplum tarafından yaşadığı olayları ve efsaneleri kuşaklar vasıtasıyla geleceğe aktardığı kültürel miraslardır. Zengin bir kültürel birikime sahip olan Anadolu halkı kendi kültürleri ve inanışları çerçevesinde çeşitli mitolojik varlıklara anlamlar yüklemiştir. Anadolu’da en yaygın mitolojik aktarımlarından biri yılandır. Yılan, özellikle Şahmeran ismiyle Anadolu’da farklı yörelerde farklı anlatılarla efsane haline gelmiş bir figürdür. Yarı insan yarı hayvan görünümünde olan Şahmeran Mersin’in Tarsus yöresinde de önemli bir mitolojik varlık olarak anlamını korumakta ve nesilden nesile aktarılmaktadır. Tarsus yöresinde anlatılan Şahmeran efsanesi toplumun gelenekleri ile harmanlanmış ve bu geleneklere bağlı olarak ortaya konan eserler ile günümüze kadar ulaşarak mitolojik değerini korumuştur. Bu çalışmanın konusunu Tarsus yöresine ait Şahmeran figürlü ürünlerin Mersin Olgunlaşma Enstitüsünde el sanatlarına yansıması oluşturmaktadır. Ürünler 19 örnek ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında ilk olarak literatür taraması yapılmış, Şahmeran ile ilgili yayınlar taranarak çalışmanın taslağı oluşturulmuştur. Daha sonra atölyedeki ustalar ile görüşülmüş, ürünler seçilmiş ve fotoğraflama yapılarak veriler analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada; Tarsus’ta Şahmeran’a yüklenen anlam, Mersin Olgunlaşma Enstitüsünde Şahmeran figürlü ürünlerin teknik özellikleri, anlamları ve el sanatlarına yansımaları örnekler üzerinden incelenecektir.
HALK MASALLARINDAKİ “İP”, “YUMAK” VE “DOKUMA” MOTİFLERİNE DAİR PSİKANALİTİK BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: GÜNEŞ ULUS Asuman
Published: August 2023

Birçok toplumda olduğu gibi Türk toplumunda da ip yapımı ve dokumacılık, önemli bir el sanatı ve aynı zamanda geçim kaynağı olmuştur. Kültüre ait her unsur gibi bunlar da halk anlatılarına ve özellikle masallara yansımıştır. Bu yansıma kimi zaman gerçek anlamıyla kimi zaman da duygu, düşünce ve hayallerle birlikte bilinçaltını da gösteren metaforlar şeklinde gerçekleşmiştir. Birey ve toplum yaşamında, kültüründe yer alan kimi nesnelerle onların üretiliş ve kullanılışıyla ilgili benzetme ve esinlenmeye dayalı bir felsefe oluştuğu veya var olan felsefenin, somut bir dille ifadesi, anlatımı için de bunların bir araç olarak kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Bunun örneklerinden biri de “ip”, “yumak” ve “dokuma” dır. Halk edebiyatının birçok türünde (mani, türkü, deyim, atasözü vd.) olduğu gibi masallarda da bu unsurlar sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, “ip”, “yumak” ve “dokuma” ile ilgili unsurların masallarda ele alınış şeklini ve metaforik anlamlarını incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda; “Elazığ Masalları”, “Uçar Leyli”, “Taşeli Masalları”, “Gümüşhane ve Bayburt Masalları” adlı kitaplarda yer alan masal metinleri incelenmiştir. İp yapımı ve dokuma çoğunlukla kadınlar tarafından yapılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bunlar etrafında oluşturulan inanç, felsefe ve uygulamalar da büyük oranda kadınların bakış açısını yansıtmaktadır. Hatta “çıkrık felsefesi” tabiri de bu durumla ilgilidir. Masallar da çoğunlukla kadınlar tarafından anlatılır. Özellikle bazı masalların ip eğirirken, el işi yaparken, halı/kilim dokurken anlatıldığı varsayıldığında yapılan bu işlerin anlatıya yansıması da doğaldır. “İp”, “yumak” ve “dokuma” ile ilgili unsurlar; kimi masallarda yalnız kültürün ve yaşamın masala yansımasının sonucu olarak gerçek anlamlarında kullanılırken, kimi masallarda ise yaşam yolculuğu ve insan kişiliğinin oluşumu ile ilgili bazı metaforik anlamlar kazanmıştır. Bu makalede “ip”, “yumak” ve “dokuma” motifleri; Sigmund Freud, Marie-Louıse Von Franz, Bruno Bettelheim ve Clarissa Estes’in psikanalitik tespit ve yorumlarından hareketle değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda incelediğimiz masallarda ip, “alt ben”in; yumak, “ben”in; dokuma ise “üst ben”in yanı sıra bütünleşmiş kişilik özelliklerinin sergilendiği durum ve olayların habercisi, sembolleri, işaretleri olarak görünmektedir. İncelediğimiz masallarda ip, yumak ve dokumayla ilgili pek çok unsurun zihinsel ve ruhsal gelişimin aşamaları, kişilik katmanları, olgunlaşma ve toplumsallaşmaya yönelik metaforlar olarak kullanıldığı görülmektedir.
ÇOK KÜLTÜRLÜ BİR KENTİN GELENEKSEL MÜZİĞİNDE GÜNDELİK HAYATIN İZLERİNİ SÜRMEK: MARDİN TÜRKÜLERİ
Authors: FİDAN Süleyman , MUNGAN Hayriye Sema
Published: August 2023

Geçmişten bugüne sözlü bir şekilde aktarılan, ezgili bir şekilde icra edilen türkü, bulunduğu toplumun duygu ve düşüncelerini yansıtarak önemli kültürel veriler sunar; ilkel insanın anlatma, söyleme ihtiyacından doğan sözün modern zamanda bir başka biçimi olarak varlığını sürdürür. Toplumsal hayatın çeşitli normları sonucunda kişilerin duygularını açıkça ifade edemedikleri durumlarda devreye giren türküler, sadece bireylere değil, bulunduğu toplumun geçmiş ve bugünkü gündelik hayatına ayna tutar. Kişilerin gün içinde gerçekleştirdikleri hemen bütün pratikleri içerisine alan gündelik hayat, bireylerin birbirleriyle olan etkileşimi ve bunun sonucunda doğan iş ve etkinlikleri içerir. Bu etkinlikler, birey ve toplumu anlama ve anlamlandırmayı sağlar. Kültüre ait birçok unsurun gündelik hayat içerisinde bilinçli ya da bilinçsiz bir şekilde her gün yeniden tekrarlandığı bilinmektedir. Bu tekrar, kültürel olanı canlı bir şekilde sürdürmeye olanak sağlamaktadır. Geniş bir kavram olan gündelik hayat, bu çalışmada Mardin’den derlenen halk şarkıları özelinde ele alınmış ve değerlendirilmiştir.

Mezopotamya’nın kuzeyinde bulunan, çok kültürlü bir yapıya sahip Mardin ili, geleneksel değerler açısından zengin bir bölgedir. Bölgede yer alan farklı din ve dile sahip milletlerin kadim gelenekleri birbirinden etkilenmiş ve ortak bir kültür oluşturmuştur. Bu ortaklık Mardin halk müziğinde de kendini göstermektedir. Sözlü gelenek açısından önemli veriler sunan Mardin’de, Türkçe, Arapça, Kürtçe ve Süryanice olmak üzere dört dilde söylenen halk şarkıları, bireylerin ve toplumun duygu ve inançlarını çok sesli bir şekilde yaşatmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, araştırmayı sınırlandırmak amacıyla dört Türkçe, sekiz Arapça ve iki Süryanice Mardin halk şarkısı, gündelik hayat unsurları açısından incelenmiş ve değerlendirilmiştir. Diğer dillerdeki halk şarkıları ve onlarla ilgili anlatılar için kaynak kişilere başvurulmuştur. Bu şarkılar Türkçeye çevrilmiş, orijinal şekilleri de dipnotta verilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, Mardin’de geleneksel müzik kültüründe bulunan verilerle gündelik hayat unsurlarını inceleyerek etnomüzikoloji ve folklor çerçevesinde Mardin kültürüne ayna tutmaktır. Ele alınan Türkçe, Arapça ve Süryanice halk şarkılarının, “dillerin ve dinlerin şehri” şeklinde anılan Mardin’in Türk kültürü içerisindeki bu yönünün kültür bilimleri etrafında incelenmesi çalışmanın önemini oluşturmaktadır.
1970 SONRASI SOVYET DÖNEMİ AZERBAYCAN ROMANINDA SOSYALİST REALİZM ELEŞTİRİSİ
Authors: EKEN Cengiz
Published: August 2023

Marksist estetik için toplumun aynası olan ve bu suretle de toplumsal değişim ve dönüşümün tespitinde önemli bir materyal haline gelen edebiyat; Sovyet rejiminin kontrolünde şekillenen Sosyalist realizm akımıyla toplumu değiştirip, dönüştürmek hususunda araçsallaşmıştır. Sosyalist realizmi şekillendiren Sovyet rejimi, Stalin döneminden başlayarak neredeyse 1960’lara kadar başka bir edebi anlayışın yaşamasına imkân vermemiştir. Bu anlayış neticesi özellikle söz konusu zaman aralığında edebiyat tek tipleşmiş ve yazarlar rejimin tahkimine hizmet edecek, somut gerçeklikten uzak, propagandist yönü ağır basan eserler vermek zorunda kalmışlardır. Bu durum 1920 yılında Sovyet idaresine geçen Azerbaycan edebiyatını da derinden sarsmıştır. Sovyet idaresine geçilmesiyle öncelikle, rejim işe Zehmetkeş Edib ve Şairler İttifagı (1922), Edebiyyat Cemiyyeti (1925), Gızıl Galemler İttifagı (1926), Azerbaycan Proletar Yazıçıları Cemiyyeti (1928) gibi oluşturduğu örgütler vasıtasıyla Azerbaycan edebiyatını denetim altına almakla başlamıştır. Böylece hali hazırdaki yazarların bir kısmı yazmayı bırakmış, E. Hagverdili, Cefer Cabbarlı, Celil Memmedguluzade, Yusif Vezir Çemenzeminli, Abdulla Şaig gibi edebiyatçılar yeni döneme intibak sağlamaya çalışmış, Hüseyin Cavid gibi eski tarzlarını muhafaza etmeye çalışanlar da olmuştur. Ne yazık ki yeni döneme uyum sağlayamayan edebiyatçılar ortadan kaldırılmıştır.
Stalin’in ölümünden sonra edebiyat üzerindeki baskı azalmaya başlamış, 1980’lerde yazarlar özellikle ‘ölüm’, ‘zulüm’, ‘baskı’, ‘sefalet’, ‘rüşvet’, ‘imtiyaz’ gibi kelimelerin çağrışımı haline gelen Stalin Dönemi’ne ciddi eleştiriler getirmişlerdir. Özellikle 1917 Ekim Devrimi’ye birlikte başlangıçta Sovyet rejiminin denetiminde daha sonra tam anlamıyla kontrolünde şekillenen Sosyalist realizm akımı aracılığıyla Azerbaycan edebiyatçıları üzerinde baskı oluşturulması yazarların üzerinde durduğu en önemli husus olmuştur. Çünkü bu dönemde yazarların bir kısmı yeni edebî anlayışa uyum sağlayamadığı için sürgün, ölüm gibi felaketlerle karşı karşıya kalmışlardır. Sosyalist realizm akımının dayattığı edebiyat anlayışının neden olduğu yıkımlar, Ak Liman, Kıyamet Günü, Ak Deve, Ölüm Hükmü adlı romanlarda yeni döneme intibak sağlayamayan yazarlar üzerinden verilmiştir. Bu vesileyle de insan gerçeğini yansıtmaktan ziyade toplumu sosyalizm hayaliyle avutmak amacıyla görevlendirilen roman, ‘olumlu tip’ olarak sunulan, somut gerçeklikten uzak kahraman, toplum yaşantısından bihaber vaka, iyi olanın kazandığı mücadele üçgenine sıkışmıştır.