bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Analysis of Power Converter Topologies in Fuel Cell Applications.
Authors: Shrestha A , Chaudhary C , Yadav N K , Thapa B S
Published: December 2023

The global transition from carbon-based fuel to cleaner energy sources has brought an application of hydrogen as fuel in multiple hybrid applications from backup power to onboard power sources, especially in the automobile industry. The application in the fuel cell hybrid system brings the integration of fuel cells with Lithium-Ion batteries and ultracapacitors. The efficient and reliable operation of the vehicle drivetrain highly depends on the power control mechanisms integrated with the system. Power converters play a significant role in converting the DC to DC or AC and AC to DC which maintains the power supply driving the hybrid power transmission system and other vehicle auxiliary loads. Fuel cell vehicles require high efficiency of the converters to optimize fuel consumption in various operating conditions. The paper introduces various topologies of Power electronic converters used in hybrid applications along with their pros and cons in various switching techniques adopted. The different power electronic converters are modeled in MATLAB-SIMULINK and comparative analysis has been performed to improve the efficiency and reliability of the system.
Challenges and prospects of steel production using green hydrogen in Nepal
Authors: Mahat Chiranjeevi , Jibran Jahir Ahamad , Sharma Nischal , Thapa Bhola
Published: December 2023

Steel is one of the most significant commodities for global development thus the production of steel cannot be condensed, however, steel making process can be transformed with a low-carbon fuel. The steel industry is a highly energy-intensive sector that alone is responsible for utilizing 8 % of global energy demand and accounts for 9% of global greenhouse gas emissions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), United Nations Sustainable development goals-2030 (SDG), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and the Paris agreement have directed to take necessary measures to confine global temperature rise to below 2°C till 2050. Green hydrogen is the most prominent energy carrier and with the help of renewable hydroelectricity to produce it, Nepal has the potential to be the cheapest producer and exporter of green hydrogen. Billet worth 865 USD was imported in 2020 to fulfil the annual steel demand of 1.2-1.4 million tons. Nepal has explored iron reserves (hematite) with a total Fe recovery potential of 70% which is sufficient to fulfil the steel demand of 50-100 years at Dhaubadi, Nawalparasi, and has prevailing iron reserves in other parts of Nepal. The history of steel production in Nepal has been studied and the reasons for the discontinuation have been analyzed. Secondary data from the literature and archival data have been used as methods to conduct the research. The status of energy demand and supply in Nepal and the energy management issues in Nepal during the wet season have been identified as opportunities to establish green hydrogen production in Nepal. The urgency to establish the steel industry and the need for compliance with climate change agreements are the motivation for the adoption of a green steel production process for Nepal. This paper reviews the current status and opportunities of the steel industry in Nepal using green hydrogen and proposes the future prospects and challenges that come along.
An Assessment of Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers
Authors: Rajbhandari A , Thapa B S
Published: December 2023

As the world is facing the effects of global warming and climate change, it has become an enormous priority to tackle those impacts. Since the world is heavily dependent on fossil fuels which are the major contributor of carbon, trying to find an alternative for a carbon-free future without disrupting the energy balance is a treacherous task. Green Hydrogen produced via electrolysis from renewable electricity can be a game changer in the future. Electrolysis is done by a device called electrolyzer and Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers (PEMWE) have been touted as the most prevalent. In this review paper, the very basics of PEMWE will be discussed and then delve into the key components of PEMWE where materials, a few research, challenges, and then future suggestions will be delivered.
Steady-state modelling of PEM fuel cell for evaluation of performance.
Authors: KC S , Dhakal U , Karki P , Thakuri D
Published: December 2023

The influence of operating variables like temperature, pressure, humidity etc. needs to be reduced to optimize the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). A model that can accurately simulate the real operating conditions of a fuel cell can be used to optimize its performance. This paper develops and simulates a mathematical model for PEMFC in steady-state operating conditions. A steady state model is built in MATLAB-Simulink environment. The effects of different operating variables on the performance of the PEMFC have been studied. The parameters include operating temperature and reactant flow pressure. The results in the form of polarization curve, efficiency, power and current density have been analysed to compare the fuel cell behaviours. The results show good conformity with other existing models.
The Attractors of Super Iterated Function Systems on Fractal Space
Authors: Jiang Nan , Ma Nana , Li Wei , Li Fei
Published: December 2023

Fractal geometry is a new branch of mathematics, which has a very wide and important application in everyday life. Iterated function systems (abbrev: IFS ) play an important role in constructing fractal set, which is a critical method in fractal geometry. The attractor is also an important concept of fractal geometry, which is obtained by an iterated function systems or a super iterated function systems (abbrev: SIFS). The SIFS is a significant generalization of the IFS by taking the number of functions of the IFS from finity to infinity. This study extend IFS to SIFS through uniform convergence. Then, some important properties similar to IFS are obtained, particularly the property of the attractors. Finally, The relationship among the attractors between SIFS and IFS is obtained, denoted by

lim

n
→
∞

A
n

=
A

.
Identification and Number Prediction of Natural Gas Heating Users in a Company in Chengdu
Authors: Ding Xianfeng , Qin Yiyu
Published: December 2023

Nowadays, more and more residents in Sichuan and Chongqing area choose to use gas for heating in winter, and the demand for gas is increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the refined management of residential gas consumption. Firstly, this paper uses K-means clustering according to the gas consumption data from 2017 to 2021 provided by a company in Chengdu, so as to obtain the regulation of residents’ gas consumption. According to the different users’ gas consumption habits, the gas heating users in 2017 are identified. Then, a better SVM model is selected in SVM, KNN and logistic regression to classify the gas consumption data in 2018-2021. Finally, according to the classification results, the grey model is used to predict the number of gas heating users in the next two years, and compared with the real data in 2022, the results shows that the model effect is good. This study provides strong theoretical and technical support for gas companies to rationally plan gas consumption and optimize the operation of urban gas pipeline network.
From Zhentong Gao Method to Generalized Zhentong Gao Method
Authors: Xu Jiajin
Published: December 2023

It is found that the data of structural fatigue life are mostly in accordance with Weibull distribution rather than Gaussian distribution, but the biggest obstacle affecting the application of Weibull distribution is that the estimation of its three- parameters will encounter difficulties in mathematical derivation and complicated calculation. Based on the estimation of correlation coefficient, the author has proposed Zhentong Gao method (Z.T. Gao method) which can avoid these difficulties. Further research found that the idea of Z.T. Gao method can be used to directly calculate the maximum value of the likelihood function of three-parameter Weibull distribution and estimate the three parameters simultaneously, which is called Generalized Zhentong Gao method. At the same time, it is also found that Nonlinear Programming method and Boltzmann Annealing method in machine learning can estimate the three parameters of Weibull distribution by directly calculating the maximum of likelihood function, so they can be regarded as Generalized Z. T. Gao methods in a sense. The results obtained by these methods are compared and some enlightening conclusions are obtained.
Problems of Optimal Altitude Determination of Drones in Vertical Scanning Mode
Authors: Zu Yuran , Zhao Jianxin , Yan Panpan
Published: December 2023

This paper takes the UAV’s search for ship targets in the sea area as the background and uses the relationship between the probability of finding the target in the UAV’s radar imagery, the distance between the UAV and the target, and the UAV’s parameters, and according to the probability of the UAV finding a target based on multiple images. Taking the product of the discovery probability and the swept area as the index of search efficiency, the relationship between the probability of finding the target and the area of the swept sea area is balanced. The optimization model of the scanning sea area is established in the case of circular and rectangular to determine the optimal altitude of the UAV flights.
Research on Segmentation Methods of Horizontal Wells
Authors: Guo Songyi , Wang Zhiming , Shi Daju , Zeng Quanshu , Zhang Jianguo , Li Haitao , Deng Yunhui , Xue Heng
Published: December 2023

To equalize the inflow profile of horizontal well and reduce the influence of water breakthrough, the horizontal well should be divided into several sections. The problem of horizontal well segmentation can be classified into two types. The first one is how to segment with sufficient data, and the second one is how to segment with insufficient data. For the former, three segmentation methods have been proposed, named uniform segmentation method, ordered clustering segmentation method, and optimization segmentation method. In this study, for further indicate the application scope and condition of these three methods, the advantages and disadvantages of each method are fully studied. For the latter, the influence of reservoir parameter uncertainty should be considered. In this study, the segmentation method based on robust optimization is proposed to solve this problem. Assume that the horizontal well could be divided into 5 segmentations. For horizontal wells with sufficient data, three segmentation methods are discussed and compared through reservoir simulation. Results show that, in terms of cumulative oil production, the optimization segmentation method is the highest, followed by the ordered clustering segmentation method, and the uniform segmentation method is the lowest. In terms of simulation time, the optimization segmentation method is the longest because the optimal segmentation scheme will be found after iterative simulation. The ordered clustering segmentation method and the uniform segmentation method do not need iterations, so the segmentation scheme could be determined quickly. Therefore, if the computational cost is available, the optimization segmentation method is recommended; if not, the ordered clustering segmentation method is recommended. For horizontal wells with insufficient data, the segmentation method based on robust optimization proposed in this study has been proven to be effective, because the cumulative oil production of this method is greater than that of the uniform segmentation method. In conclusion, the segmentation strategies for horizontal wells with sufficient or insufficient data are presented and discussed. It will contribute to the completion design of horizontal well. Meanwhile, it will also help to delay water breakthrough and enhance oil production.
A Robust Localization Approach Based on Point Cloud Descriptor and SLAM in Urban Environment
Authors: Tian Shishang , Xie Zongxiu , Wu Lingzhi , Liu Chao
Published: December 2023

The importance of autonomous driving localization to autonomous driving systems cannot be overstated, reliable and high-precision localization is the focus of research in autonomous driving. Many studies at this stage use multiple sensors to generate high-definition maps for matching and localization. The labor and economic costs required to maintain such maps are often high. This paper proposes a fusion localization framework for simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) and matching localization. It could afford high-precision localization results of autonomous vehicles using only light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors. Concretely, a novel global point cloud descriptor, named binary scan context (BSC) is proposed, for matching localization. It encodes the structural features in the z-height direction in the point cloud space in a binary way. An efficient two-stage matching strategy is proposed to improve the efficiency of matching. Experiments on public datasets and vehicles have demonstrated the validation and precision of the method.
Simulation Study of Heat Flow Coupling of Thermal Barrier Coatings Based on Virtual Coating Technology
Authors: Guan Peng , He Jia-Ning , Ai Yan-Ting , Liu Yan-Ming , Yao Yu-Dong
Published: December 2023

To improve the simulation efficiencies and accuracy of heat flow coupling of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), a nozzle guide vane model with virtual TBCs was established, by equivalent series thermal resistance theory and virtual TBCs modeling method. The difference in heat flow and temperature on the nozzle guide vane surface with real and virtual TBCs was discussed and analyzed. The results show that if the thickness of TBCs is less than 0.5mm, the temperature distribution of the virtual TBCs model is basically the same as the real one, the maximum relative deviation is less than 5%. The thermal resistance of TBCs is affected by the thickness and installation position of TBCs, when the thickness is 0.5mm, the maximum and minimum heat resistance of the TBCs is 40? and 5?, respectively. The efforts of this study provide a framework to predict the heat flow coupling of TBCs.
Droplet Collision of Dynamic SiO2 Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Li Wenhao , Cai Zishuo , Li Wenbo , Wang Pan , Zhang Aocheng
Published: December 2023

The droplet collision study on the dynamic superhydrophobic surface is of great significance in cleaning, corrosion, and other related fields and is one of the critical contents of the research. In this study, an investigation is carried out on the droplet rebound phenomena observed during collisions on a dynamic SiO2 superhydrophobic surface exhibiting a contact angle of 151°. Five different bounce kinds are shown in the results.Independent of the speed of surface motion, the Weber number causes a rise in the maximum spreading diameter of the droplet. As the speed of surface motion increases, the driving force of slip changes from shear force to lift force, and the slip distance increases rapidly with the speed of surface motion, and then increases slowly. The contact time decreases with an increase in the speed of the moving surface after the droplet strikes it, and the shear stress causes the droplet to deform asymmetrically, leading to quicker shrinkage. Three comparisons of theory, simulation and experiment are in good agreement.
Design of Simulation Software for Visualization of Munition Anti-Air Effectiveness
Authors: Cai Zilei , Chang Bo , Shi Rui , Gao Xiang , Wang Dongliang
Published: December 2023

In order to realize the simulation of the damage effectiveness of air defense projectiles against air targets, this paper uses the C++ programming language to complete the development of ammunition air damage simulation model by constructing the ammunition combat model and target vulnerability digital model, and designs the visualization simulation software of ammunition air damage effectiveness based on the Unity 3D engine. The results show that the visualization and simulation software of ammunition damage effectiveness against air targets can calculate the damage effect of ammunition on air and visualize the results of missile rendezvous, combat guidance and air target damage, which provides reference for the design of air defense ammunition introduction.
Study on the Characteristics of Gas Spring-Damping Modified Model Bladder-Damper Based on Dynamic Mesh Technology
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Liu Wenxi
Published: December 2023

This paper addresses the existing difficulty in quantitatively analyzing and calculating the attenuation effect of a specific type of vibration control device, referred to as a “Bladder-Damper”. In response, a modified version of the “Gas Spring-Damping” model specifically tailored for this device has been proposed. Models involving both series and parallel connections have been established to support our work. Dynamic mesh technology has been used to simulate the damping characteristics of the Bladder-Damper, successfully resolving both finite element fluid calculation divergence issues and negative volume problems during dynamic mesh updating. By applying different pulse frequencies, dynamic simulations of the Bladder-Damper have been performed. The results demonstrate that our proposed modified model greatly reduces calculation errors associated with the traditional “Gas Spring-Damping” model. Interestingly, it has been noted that the damping effect on pressure pulsation is superior when using series dampers compared to parallel ones. The optimal attenuation effects occur when the frequency of fluid pulsation aligns with the resonance frequency of the damper, resulting in a maximum attenuation rate of up to 95%. The effectiveness and practicability of our simulation correction model have been confirmed since the simulation results align well with experimental outcomes. This establishes a new methodology and perspective for assessing the attenuation performance of the Bladder-Damper.
Study on Mechanical Properties of Steel Frame Structure with PEC Columns
Authors: Mao Yongsheng , Zhang Zhuanna , Yin Zhanzhong
Published: December 2023

PEC column has a wide prospect for strengthening existing steel structure buildings because of their high strength, stiffness, and bearing capacity. The seismic performance of the original steel structure could be significantly improved by filling the trough of section steel with concrete to form a partially encased composite column. Especially for multi-story buildings, the PEC column is an ideal edge restriction structural element, so it is of great significance to study its seismic performance. PEC column was introduced into steel frame structure, and six models of 8-story steel frame structures with PEC columns were established by using OpenSees finite element software. The displacement load curve, the maximum axial force in the column, the maximum bending moment at the column base, and the maximum inter-story shear force were obtained by Pushover analysis. The influence of concrete grade and the width-thickness ratio of the steel sheet of the PEC column on the mechanical properties of the whole structure was studied. Results show that lateral stiffness, ductility, and shear load-bearing capacity of the structure are improved with the addition of concrete in section steel, but ductility of the structure decreases with an increase of concrete strength grade. The influence of variation of PEC column parameters on the bottom of the structure is better than that on top. The width-thickness ratio of the section steel flange plays a major role in controlling the mechanical properties of the structure. The elastic stiffness of the structure, axial force of the column, and bending moment of the column base increase with the increase of flange thickness as section height is the same. An increase of the width-thickness ratio of the flange can improve the shear force of the story, and the lower the number of stories, the more significant the effect is.
Fire refugia are robust across Western US forested ecoregions, 1986–2021
Authors: Platt Rutherford Vance , Chapman Teresa B , Balch Jennifer K
Published: December 2023

In the Western US, area burned and fire size have increased due to the influences of climate change, long-term fire suppression leading to higher fuel loads, and increased ignitions. However, evidence is less conclusive about increases in fire severity within these growing wildfire extents. Fires burn unevenly across landscapes, leaving islands of unburned or less impacted areas, known as fire refugia. Fire refugia may enhance post-fire ecosystem function and biodiversity by providing refuge to species and functioning as seed sources after fires. In this study, we evaluated whether the proportion and pattern of fire refugia within fire events have changed over time and across ecoregions. To do so, we processed all available Landsat 4–9 satellite imagery to identify fire refugia within the boundaries of large wildfires (405 ha+) in 16 forested ecoregions of the Western US. We found a significant change in % refugia from 1986–2021 only in one ecoregion—% refugia increased within fires in the Arizona/New Mexico Mountain ecoregion (AZ/NM). Excluding AZ/NM, we found no significant change in % refugia across the study area. Furthermore, we found no significant change in mean refugia patch size, patch density, or mean distance to refugia. As fire size increased, the amount of refugia increased proportionally. Evidence suggests that fires in AZ/NM had a higher proportion of reburns and, unlike the 15 other ecoregions, fires did not occur at higher elevation or within greener areas. We suggest several possibilities for why, with the exception of AZ/NM, ecoregions did not experience a significant change in the proportion and pattern of refugia. In summary, while area burned has increased over the past four decades, there are substantial and consistent patterns of refugia that could support post-fire recovery dependent on their spatial patterns and ability to function as seeds sources for neighboring burned patches.
The Image of the New Johar Market – Aloon-Aloon District, Semarang
Authors: Kiswari MDN , Yuliastuti N , Sudarwanto B
Published: December 2023

Revitalization efforts showed a “new image”, namely as a resilient economic area, able to withstand environmental changes, safe and comfortable, which was part of sustainable development in urban areas. Semarang has been a trading city since the colonial era. One of the famous trading areas in Semarang is the Johar market district. The district has historical value. Up to now, this area is the largest traditional market in Semarang city. The Johar market building is one of the cultural heritage buildings in Semarang. There was such a big open space called Aloon-Aloon, near the Johar market. A big mosque, Kauman Grand Mosque, lies near the open space. The open space and the mosque have historical value in Semarang’s socio-cultural life. In May 2015, a big fire destroyed the buildings of Johar and Yaik markets. The building was reconstructed and renovated becoming a new Johar Market. In accordance with Aloon-Aloon’s concept, the former Yaik Market site was returned to be a public open space adapting to the current environmental and social conditions of society. In early 2022, the new market and the new public open space have been operated. This paper aims to describe images of the new Johar and Aloon-Aloon district. The paper implements a qualitative descriptive method for describing the current condition and using the theory of place related to the image of the district. The analysis utilizes pictures, and diagrams and is supported by the interview with the stakeholders. The results are a description of the new Johar – Aloon-Aloon district.
Migration Motivation of Grobogan Regency Farmers for Sustainable Livelihoods
Authors: Esariti L , Nida R S , Handayani W , Rudiarto I
Published: December 2023

Farmers of Grobogan Regency strive for better livelihood when their agricultural productivity is unstable. The decision to do out migration is caused by several factors, most dominantly of economic reasons. This article aims to investigates the migration motive of Grobogan farmers to a sustainable livelihood. By conducting a quantitative research method, a set of questionnaire distribution and observations were conducted in Karangrayung, Kedungjati and Tanggungharjo subdistricts. Results show that there are several motivations for migrant famers. First, the continuing decrease of agricultural productivity is inadequate to support family quality of life. Second, more employment opportunities outside Grobogan Regency encourages them to have additional job in informal sectors. Third, to access the informal employment, the farmers do not acquire special skills, so that is easier for the farmers to be accepted for temporary jobs. Not only that, this study also recommends that the migration mobility is a bi-local migration that is happened only every 2-3 months, after the cultivation period ends. In conclusion, the Grobogan Regency needs to elaborate more practical policy implementation for agricultural intensification and provides more vocational trainings to have the migrant farmers be competitive for employment opportunities.
Defining Integration of Climate Adaptation Strategies into Slum Upgrading: A Literature Review.
Authors: Wicaksono A A , Suprapti A , Sunarti
Published: December 2023

Under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) no.11: make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable; the slum is the main target for this effort. All around the world, slums are becoming the only option for low-income communities to settle within city boundaries. This paper presents a literature review aimed to provide a more detailed understanding of knowledge related to the literature on two things, namely slum upgrading and climate change adaptation of Low-Income Communities (LIC), and also on its interrelations. The literature review uses a semi-systematic methodology, using the web of science search engines combined with google scholar. We use keywords such as slum upgrading, climate adaptation, and participatory. The search engine proposed 482 papers, 75 as data and 66 public access journal articles. Out of these numbers, we narrow down the perimeters of research scope to 71 linked to SDGs. However, only 11 are relevant to urbanized areas. This finding shows that not much literature regarding these interrelations is produced. This review explains assumed interrelationships that influence each other and exist between slum upgrading on urban riversides and forms of adaptation to climate change in urban areas. The definition of slum upgrading is an integrated and comprehensive intervention aimed to improve the physical characteristics of the environment and its inhabitants quality of life, divided into in-situ and ex-situ efforts. Climate adaptation is a process rather than a program or pattern of action by the LIC in dealing with climate change impacts comprehensively and substantially within the context of social and environmental. Their interrelations of the two themes are the physical and non-physical efforts, but also on the participatory levels. Participation determines the level of climate resiliency for the LIC. Based on the descriptions of theories related to the theme of this research, there are propositions for the field study as follows. (1) slum upgrading with adaptation sensitivity to climate change will ultimately increase the resilience of low-income communities to be more prepared to face climate change. (2) The specificity of land ownership status and cultural strength can enrich locality and social closeness. (3) The level of community participation in slum upgrading affects the climate resiliency level of the LIC.
Malaysian Prefabricated Housing; The Real Causes of Fragmentation Issues and Steps to Overcome
Authors: Jalil Ahmad Bin Abd , Fazil Fadhilah Binti Md , Siang Chong Wan , Hashim Mohd Amir Shazwan Bin
Published: December 2023

Many prefabricated housing projects in develop countries have proven their success, and since 1960s Malaysia has taken great steps towards applying this concept. Housing is suitable for prefabricated due to its repetitious of design, simultaneous construction, large scale and impact to environment. Unlike develop countries that far advanced, Malaysia still face critical issues including on fragmentation. Fragmentation is defined as working in isolation, work in separation and division that happens among different parties in the same project. Various research on prefabricated housing has been conducted focusing on supply chain, modularization, automation, design, payment and procurement but lack focus on fragmentation. This paper will investigate the real causes of fragmentation issues in Malaysian prefabricated housing, their consequences and suggest steps to overcome. The methodology used is mix method with 118 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS and combine with deep interviews with respondents from prefabricated manufacturers, prefabricated installers, academicians, consultants, developers, main contractors and M&E contractors, through targeted sampling technique. The result shows the causes of fragmentation are unfamiliar with prefabricated concept, late involvement of prefabricated companies and the practice of segregation culture while the steps to overcome are by establishing close integration since beginning, each party is appointed early and direct contract between prefabricated companies and developers. This research has contributed to the body of knowledge by detailing the real causes that make fragmentation issue become critical and suggest steps to overcome them and both had been verified by respondents who are expert, experienced and represent all the stakeholders involved in prefabricated housing.
The Future of Workplace in Greater Jakarta: Hybrid Office in the Post Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tarigan S G , Mannan K A , Uddin N
Published: December 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic has taught us the importance of flexibility and adaptability. Nearly every business adopted work from home (WFH) during the pandemic, which finally caused the business to re-evaluate the significance of the workplace. Work flexibility is becoming even more critical because of the transition from physical to virtual space. During the pandemic, the advantages of working remotely, such as more autonomy, flexibility, and better work-life balance, were evident. On the contrary, employees also miss the office’s social connection, professional working environment, and collaboration. Arguably, a hybrid working system balances the benefits of working in an office and from home. This study examines the future office and how it can adapt to the changing needs of the post-Covid-19 workplaces. A qualitative method using interviews with professional from architectural and interior design firms and a real estate management company was conducted to explore the phenomena. This study also discusses the potential of the hybrid model to become a model for future offices and how offices are more likely to become a place to develop corporate culture, conduct training, socialise, meet clients, and attract potential talent. Workspaces will need to be restructured or repurposed so that remote and on-site employees can collaborate.
Anisotropic compressive properties and behavior of a bio-based composite material
Authors: Parmo P , Suriani E , Prianto K
Published: December 2023

In this work, the composite materials made of straw fibers from the cereal crop as bio-aggregates and lime as a binder have been developed. The compressive properties and behavior of composite specimens have been examined for various test speeds and directions. The highest density and compressive strengths are 391 kg/m3 and 0.170 MPa, respectively, in which the compressive strength is obtained in the parallel direction tested composite specimen. The highest Young’s modulus in global values is found to be 2.25 MPa for specimen test at parallel direction and 10 mm/min of speed rate of loading test. In the speed rates of 100 mm/min, stress values are faster and bigger than the specimens conducted at 10 mm/min of speed rates at the same strain level. The different behavior of specimens is obviously seen in the parallel and pouring testing specimens. The composites had been debonding on fibers-binders, buckling in fibers, and then they had been in densification. However, the debonding and buckling process are not clearly visible in the pouring directions specimen tested. Before densification, it had regularly compacting process.
Development of Technology to Incorporate Curry leaves (Murraya Koenjii) to Develop Functional Chicken Sausage and Evaluation of Chemical Properties
Authors: Dissanayake Kasun , Rifky Mohamed , Jesfar Mohamed , Makhmayorov Jasur , Rakhimkulov Shokir , Abdullayev Bakhodir , Samadiy Murodjon
Published: December 2023

Curry leaves are famous in Asian countries, a cheap and underutilized resource available in the environment that absorbs iron with abundant acid present and helps to lose weight. The research was conducted to utilize the underutilized resources in the environment to add value and find the best percentage to incorporate in the sausage to improve the functionality with 14, 10, and 06 % (w/v) concentrations named T1, T2, T3, and T0 as the control sample. It has been identified that the T1 was accepted as the best sample and underwent further chemical analysis to evaluate the pH, Nutritional composition, water holding capacity (WHC), Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA), and microbiological analysis. Chemical analyses were done for 40 days at 10-day intervals. It showed that pH WHC TBA was slightly changed but not significant. In addition, the fat level of the T1 sausage sample was reduced significantly, which may be due to the bioactive substances present in the extract and microbiological analysis showed that there was no significant change during storage due to the curing agent (NaNO2) used and effect of curry leaves. In addition, it adds value to the environmentally underutilized resources to get profit and health benefits
Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Liquid Smoke Produced from Gelam Wood (Melaleuca cajuputi), Alaban Wood (Vitex pubescens Vahl), and Coconut Shells (Cocos nucifera L.)
Authors: Junaidi Ahmad Budi , Abdullah  , Irawati Utami , Fitrial Yuspihana , Santoso Uripto Trisno
Published: December 2023

The antioxidant activity of liquid smoke is a major consideration in its use as a food preservative. Raw materials greatly determine the phenolic content in liquid smoke. The purpose of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties (phenolic & acid content, pH level, and chemical composition) and the antioxidant activity of liquid smokw made from gelam wood (Melaleuca cajuputi), alaban wood (Vitex pubescens Vahl), and coconut shells (Cocos nucifera L). The phenolic content was determined by the Follin-Ciocalteau method, whereas the acid content was determined using the titration method. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using a spectrophotometric method with DPPH radical compounds. The average phenolic contents of LSGW, LSAW, and LSCS were 0.855, 0.885, and 1.957 (% g GAE/mL), respectively, and the average acid contents were 4.256; 2.776 and 11.873 (%g/mL), respectively. Compounds detected in LS consist of organic acids, phenolic compounds, carbonyls, alcohols, furans, and esters. All three types of LS had high antioxidant activity, as indicated by their IC50 values of 0.53% for LSGW, 0.70% for LSAW, and 0.75% for LSCS, respectively. The findings of this study implied that the antioxidant activity of liquid smoke is not always directly proportional to its total phenolic content.
Physical Characteristics of Environmentally Friendly Goat Leather Using Powder of Merbau Tree as A Tanning Agent
Authors: Lukas Mangiradja Fiantoni Peter , Pertiwiningrum Ambar
Published: December 2023

The leather industry in Indonesia still largely uses chemical substances such as chromium sulfate as the main agent in the tanning process. Tanning is one of the processes of converting raw animal hides into leather that can be used for various products such as bags, shoes, and clothes. Goat leather is one of the conventional leather preferences that has gained increasing consumer interest in recent years. The increasing awareness of the negative impact of chromium tanning agents on workers’ health and environmental pollution has led some leather industries in Indonesia to shift towards vegetable tanning instead of chemical ones. This study examined the use of the Merbau powder that from Merbau wood as an environmentally friendly tanning agent. There are three treatments of goat leathers with three variations of Merbau powder as a tanning agent. Treatment A (Merbau powder with 1.5% tannin), Treatment B (Merbau powder with 2.5% tannin), and Treatment C (Merbau powder with 3.5% tannin). The quality of tanned goat leather was measured by the physical characteristics test: tensile strength, tear strength, and shrinkage temperature. The results show that leather goat leather with the addition of the merbau powder as a tanning agent has tensile strength and tear strength which meets the SNI requirement for footwear leather products. The shrinkage temperature test showed that Merbau-tanned goat leather needs to be more mature compared to the control.
Income Distribution Analysis of Livestock Farmer Households in Karst Area of Girisubo Sub-District, Gunungkidul District
Authors: Nurrachman Zaid Zamany , Ferichani Minar , Barokah Umi , Antriyandarti Ernoiz
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted to analyze the distribution of household income of livestock farmers in Girisubo District, Gunungkidul Regency. The basic method of research is descriptive. The method of determining the location in the study was purposive on the consideration that Girisubo District has a large number of cattle population with a small population compared to other districts. The data sample used was 100 respondents. The data analysis method used was The Gini ratio and Lorenz curve. The characteristics of livestock farmer households in Girisubo sub-district are majority male, aged < 30 to ≥ 60 years, have 3-4 household members, cultivate 4 agricultural commodities (rice, corn, beans, cassava), and have 1-5 livestock. The highest contribution of farm household income is in livestock income of 48.68%. The resulting Gini ratio value is 0.496, which means the inequality level is moderate.
The Development of an Edu-agrotourism Concept in the Buffer Zone of Conservation Area Based on Education and Local Community Empowerment
Authors: Jumiyati Sri , Frimawaty Evi
Published: December 2023

Edu-agrotourism is the optimal use of biodiversity and increasing global awareness of nature conservation, socio-cultural and economic empowerment of local communities, and aspects of learning and education. Developing an edu-agrotourism area requires a strategy based on empowering local communities and being a solution for the economic transformation of rural communities around forests. The study aims to collect potential resources that include landscapes, biodiversity, cultural heritage, and local wisdom as edu-agrotourism products and examine forms of business and markets to determine development strategies that involve the community. The method used is descriptive qualitative through interviews, observation, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD), as well as a SWOT analysis to determine the development strategy. The results of the study show that edu-agro-tourism products (landscape, biodiversity, cultural heritage, and local wisdom) and forms of business opportunities and local markets, as well as SO development strategies, utilize potential strengths in the form of resources and community support to seize opportunities while minimizing existing weaknesses, especially infrastructure development and promotion. Thus, the development of edu-agro-tourism is a multi-stakeholder activity influenced by various aspects (economic development, social, culture, environment, human resources, and infrastructure). The implications of the research are (1) regional arrangement in the concept of sustainability, (2) business management development, (3) development of promotion and marketing, and (4) regulation development.
Sustainable Environment Management through Utilization of Paper Waste into Seed Envelopes
Authors: Lutfi Mohammad , Amanda Dela , Rahmi Silvia
Published: December 2023

Paper waste sorting needs to be conducted to speed up the decomposition process. If separation is not carried out, the mixture of organic paper with inorganic waste will cause anaerobic decay and produce greenhouse gases. Therefore, PT. Pertamina Kilang Internasional RU V carried out an activity titled Pertamina RU V Innovation Project Series 5R Business Idea in 2022 to deal with their paper waste. We processed the paper waste into microgreen seed envelopes that can be planted and grown into vegetables. The variables observed were the ratio of paper pulp to water, namely 1: 10, 3:10, 6: 10, and 9: 10. The results revealed that the best treatment in the paper soaking process was on the second day and the composition of 3 kg of paper and 10 L of water was the best treatment based on the level of saturation, the ease of removing from the mold, and the thickness of the paper. In comparison, the best treatment for the growth of microgreens was the composition of 9 kg of paper and 10 L of water. The production results revealed that the percentage of the successful utilization of paper waste into seed envelopes was 75%.
Collaborative Governance in Waste Management: A Study from Surabaya Smart City Programme
Authors: Falaq Al Amin M. Noer , Fitrie Revienda Anita , Safira Adelia
Published: December 2023

Urban areas face severe environmental problems, where rapid population growth causes the amount of waste in urban areas to increase. As one of the metropolitan cities, Surabaya also experiences problems related to waste management, where the amount of waste generated by Surabaya residents daily is 1,600 tons. This research uses the literature study method by using some of the existing literature as a data source in this paper. The research results in this paper show that waste management in the city of Surabaya also involves the private sector from several companies and the community’s active role in managing waste around their living areas through waste banks. The collaboration was carried out by the Surabaya City Government, PT. Sumber Organik, and the community can work well in dealing with piles of garbage in Surabaya. The existence of a waste bank can help increase public awareness of reducing and recycling waste.
Sustainable Livelihoods Sustainable Approach and Contemporary Research on Rural Social-Ecological Systems in Indonesia
Authors: Pitaloka Ardanareswari Ayu , Abdurrahim Ali Yansyah
Published: December 2023

As the largest tropical archipelago country in Asia, Indonesia has 84,096 villages. From the human ecology perspective, a village or rural area is a social-ecological system. The sustainable livelihood approach was built by rural scholars and experts, development studies, and human ecology as a framework for looking at aspects of sustainable development in rural areas. This paper uses the literature review method on (1) the trajectory of the sustainable livelihoods approach and (2) its use in contemporary research on rural social-ecological systems in Indonesia. The analysis results show that the sustainable livelihoods approach continues to grow and evolve, including using scientific principles of political ecology. In Indonesia, its use is also used for various research on rural social-ecological systems. This paper specifically shows the important results of six studies of rural social-ecological systems in West Java, South Sulawesi, North Sumatra, West Sumatra, West Kalimantan, and East Kalimantan (New Capital City of Indonesia/IKN) area. The six studies show that aspects of social and ecological systems are closely intertwined, and the sustainable livelihoods approach managed to peel it off.
Assessment of Water Quality Changes Using Physical Parameter and Stable Isotope in Ciliwung River
Authors: Juwana Iwan , Maria Rizka , Marganingrum Dyah , Nurjayati Ratih , Hidawati  , Santoso Heru , Nurohman Heri , Prasetio Rasi
Published: December 2023

The Ciliwung River is the potential water source for the people of Jakarta and Bogor. Rapid urbanization and industrial development have sparked severe problems in the water resources of the Ciliwung River. The potential pollutants increase as the river flows through residential, business, and industrial areas, where drainage and sanitation infrastructure are worse. Water is naturally tagged with natural tracers, such as temperature, electrical conductivity, chemical constituents, and environmental water isotopes (δ2H and δ18O). These proved valuable tracers to identify the origin of the water. This research aims to trace the origin of the Ciliwung River water using a stable isotope approach and physical parameters. Research methods are field surveys, laboratory analysis, and analytical studies—sampling at 12 points of river water for a physical parameter and 5 points for stable isotopes. The research results show that the water origin of Ciliwung’s is rainwater. The stable isotopes in the upstream area are smaller than those in the upstream area experiencing enrichment. Factors leading to enrichment are inputs from anthropogenic activities to water bodies from household, agricultural, and industrial pollution. The results of this research are helpful for the government and academics in designing Ciliwung River conservation policies.
Scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) morphology is transformed under trophobiosis
Authors: Sodano James , Oufiero Christopher E , Schneider Scott A , LaPolla John S
Published: December 2023

Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) have great potential to exert influence over the morphological evolution of their obligate mutualist partners. Obligately myrmecophilic mealybugs are noted for their unusual morphology, and while this is often attributed to their relationship with ants, a quantitative assessment of this link is lacking. We address this need by evaluating morphological change among mealybugs as a function of ant association. This study considers the associates of 2 independent ant clades—Acropyga Roger, 1862 ants associated with root mealybugs from the families Xenococcidae and Rhizoecidae and herdsmen ants from the Dolichoderus cuspidatus (Smith, F., 1857) species-group associated with mealybugs from the tribe Allomyrmococcini (Pseudococcidae)—and compares them to free-living or potentially myrmecophilic species sampled from among the mealybugs and root mealybugs. We use a combination of geometric morphometric and linear datasets to evaluate characteristics of body shape, body size, leg metrics, and ostiole development. Obligate myrmecophily significantly influences both body shape and size. Myrmecophilous mealybugs are smaller than their free-living counterparts and are either pyriform or rotund in shape rather than oval. Ant-associates from Rhizoecidae also have significantly reduced anterior pairs of ostioles compared to free-living species. Ostioles are involved in defense against natural enemies and mutualist ants typically protect their partners, presumably supplanting the need for structures like ostioles among myrmecophilous species. We discuss the influence ants have on the evolution of their associates in the context of domestication and offer avenues for future exploration.