bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CRISP3 expression drives prostate cancer invasion and progression
Authors: Volpert Marianna , Furic Luc , Hu Jinghua , O’Connor Anne E , Rebello Richard J , Keerthikumar Shivakumar , Evans Jemma , Merriner D Jo , Pedersen John , Risbridger Gail P , McIntyre Peter , O’Bryan Moira K
Published: May 2020

Identifying the factors stimulating prostate cancer cells migration and invasion has the potential to bring new therapeutic targets to the clinic. Cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP3) is one of the most highly upregulated proteins during the transition of a healthy human prostatic epithelium to prostate cancer. Here we show using a genetically engineered mouse model of prostate cancer that CRISP3 production greatly facilitates disease progression from carcinoma in situ to invasive prostate cancer in vivo. This interpretation was confirmed using both human and mouse prostate cancer cell lines, which showed that exposure to CRISP3 enhanced cell motility and invasion. Further, using mass spectrometry, we show that CRISP3 induces changes in abundance of a subset of cell-cell adhesion proteins, including LASP1 and TJP1 both in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, these data identify CRISP3 as being pro-tumorigenic in the prostate and validate it as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress in placental cells
Authors: Almada Marta , Costa Lia , Fonseca Bruno , Alves Patrícia , Braga Jorge , Gonçalves Daniela , Teixeira Natércia , Correia-da-Silva Georgina
Published: May 2020

Proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of trophoblast cells are required for normal placental development. Impairment of those processes may lead to pregnancy-related diseases. Disruption of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis has been associated with several reproductive pathologies including recurrent pregnancy loss and preeclampsia. In the unfolded protein response (UPR), specific ER-stress signalling pathways are activated to restore ER homeostasis, but if the adaptive response fails, apoptosis is triggered. Protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) and Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) are central players in UPR and in ER-stress-induced apoptosis, as well as downstream transcription factors, as C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Our previous studies have shown that the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) modulates trophoblast cell turnover. Nevertheless, the role of ER-stress on 2-AG induced apoptosis and cannabinoid signalling in trophoblast has never been addressed. In this work, we used BeWo cells and human primary cytotrophoblasts isolated from term-placenta. The expression of ER-stress markers was analysed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. ROS generation was assessed by fluorometric methods, while apoptosis was detected by the evaluation of caspase -3/-7 activities and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Our findings indicate that 2-AG is able to induce ER-stress and apoptosis. Moreover, the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α)/CHOP pathway involved in ER-stress-induced apoptosis is triggered through a mechanism dependent on cannabinoid receptor CB2 activation. The results bring novel insights on the importance of ER-stress and cannabinoid signalling on 2-AG mechanisms of action in placenta.
Characterizing Avoidable Transfer Admissions in Infants Hospitalized for Bronchiolitis
Authors: Boyle Tehnaz P. , Macias Charles G. , Wu Susan , Holmstrom Sara , Truschel Larissa L. , Espinola Janice A. , Sullivan Ashley F. , Camargo Carlos A.
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVES:

The appropriateness of interfacility transfer admissions for bronchiolitis to pediatric centers is uncertain. We characterized avoidable transfer admissions for bronchiolitis. We hypothesized that a higher proportion of hospitalized infants transferred from a community emergency department (ED) or hospital (transfer admission) would be discharged within 48 hours with little or no intervention, compared with direct admissions from an enrolling ED (nontransfer admission).

METHODS:

We analyzed a 17-center, prospective infant cohort (age <1 year) hospitalized for bronchiolitis (2011–2014). An avoidable transfer admission (primary outcome) was hospitalization for <48 hours without an intervention for severe illness in which a pediatric specialist could be beneficial (oxygen, advanced airway management, life support). Parenteral fluids and routine medications were excluded. We compared admissions by patient, ED, inpatient, and transferring hospital characteristics to identify factors associated with avoidable transfer admissions. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of avoidable transfer admission.

RESULTS:

Among 1007 infants, 558 (55%) were nontransfer admissions, 164 (16%) were transfer admissions, and 204 (20%) were referrals from clinics; 81 (8%) were missing referral type. Significantly fewer transferred infants were hospitalized for <48 hours with little or no intervention (40 of 164; 24% [95% confidence interval 18%–32%]) than nontransferred infants (199 of 558; 36% [95% confidence interval 32%–40%]; P = .007). Avoidable transfer admissions were more likely to be children of color, have nonprivate insurance, receive fewer ED interventions, and originate from small EDs. A multivariable model revealed that minority race and/or ethnicity, normal oxygenation, and small ED transfers increased odds of avoidable transfer admission.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although most transferred infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis required interventions for severe illness, 1 in 4 admissions were potentially avoidable.
Improving Birth Dose Hepatitis B Vaccination Rates: A Quality Improvement Intervention
Authors: Bradshaw Chanda , DiFrisco Eileen , Schweizer William , Pavsic Joy , Demarco Kathleen , Weckesser Jane , Gold-VonSimson Gabrielle , Rosenberg Rebecca E.
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND:

There are 43 000 new cases of hepatitis B virus infection and 1000 cases of perinatally acquired infection each year in the United States. National recommendations are to administer hepatitis B (HepB) vaccine to all stable newborns >2000 g within 24 hours of birth. Our primary objective was to increase institutional vaccination rates from a baseline of 52% to goal >85% before hospital discharge.

METHODS:

In February 2017, we instituted a multidisciplinary quality improvement project aimed at increasing HepB vaccination birth dose rates. Interventions included (1) standardizing the process of offering HepB vaccine via scripting and timing, (2) engaging and educating parents, and (3) educating physicians and nurses regarding the importance of HepB vaccination and strategies to discuss HepB vaccination with vaccine-hesitant parents. The main outcome measure was the percentage of newborns receiving HepB vaccination by discharge. The secondary outcome was the percentage of newborns receiving HepB vaccination by 12 hours of life per New York State Department of Health recommendation. Data were analyzed by using statistical process control P-charts.

RESULTS:

A total of 21 108 newborns were included between July 2015 and April 2019. In addition to several upward centerline shifts, implementation of interventions resulted in increased and sustained HepB vaccination rates by hospital discharge from a baseline of 52.4% to 72.5%. Rates by 12 hours of life increased from 21.5% to 42.5%.

CONCLUSIONS:

Multidisciplinary collaboration, scripting, and provider and staff education regarding the risks of hepatitis B virus, benefits of HepB vaccine, and strategies to discuss HepB vaccination with parents significantly increased vaccination rates. Further efforts to improve vaccination rates to within 12 hours are preferable.
Neonatal Vocal Fold Paralysis
Authors: Ryan Marisa A. , Upchurch Patrick A. , Senekki-Florent Panayiota
Published: May 2020

Vocal fold paralysis (VFP) is an important cause of respiratory and feeding compromise in infants. The causes of neonatal VFP are varied and include central nervous system disorders, birth-related trauma, mediastinal masses, iatrogenic injuries, and idiopathic cases. Bilateral VFP often presents with stridor or respiratory distress and can require rapid intervention to stabilize an adequate airway. Unilateral VFP presents more subtly with a weak cry, swallowing dysfunction, and less frequently respiratory distress. The etiology and type of VFP is important for management. Evaluation involves direct visualization of the vocal folds, with additional imaging and testing in select cases. Swallowing dysfunction, also known as dysphagia, is very common in infants with VFP. A clinical assessment of swallowing function is necessary in all cases of VFP, with some patients also requiring an instrumental swallow assessment. Modification of feeding techniques and enteral access for feedings may be necessary. Airway management can vary from close monitoring to noninvasive ventilation, tracheostomy, and laryngeal surgery. Long-term follow-up with otolaryngology and speech-language pathology service is necessary for all children with VFP to ensure adequate breathing, swallowing, and phonation. The short- and long-term health and quality-of-life consequences of VFP can be substantial, especially if not managed early.
Office-Based Screening for Sexually Transmitted Infections in Adolescents
Authors: Shafii Taraneh , Levine David
Published: May 2020

Almost 1 in 4 adolescents have a sexually transmitted infection (STI). These infections are preventable through safe sexual practices and routine screening. Pediatricians are the first line of clinical care for adolescents and are well positioned to offer sexual and reproductive health care counseling and services to their patients; yet, there is a paucity of sexual health screening provided at routine health supervision visits. This article addresses the epidemiology of STIs in adolescents, reviews the evidence of current clinical practice, presents recommended STI screening from government and medical agencies, and offers strategies to address barriers to providing care for adolescents and for sexual health screening in primary care.
Infectious and Autoimmune Causes of Encephalitis in Children
Authors: Erickson Timothy A. , Muscal Eyal , Munoz Flor M. , Lotze Timothy , Hasbun Rodrigo , Brown Eric , Murray Kristy O.
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Encephalitis can result in neurologic morbidity and mortality in children. Newly recognized infectious and noninfectious causes of encephalitis have become increasingly important over the past decade.

METHODS:

We retrospectively reviewed medical records from pediatric patients in Houston diagnosed with encephalitis in both an urban and rural catchment area between 2010 and 2017. We conducted an investigation to understand the etiology, clinical characteristics, and diagnostic testing practices in this population.

RESULTS:

We evaluated 231 patients who met the case definition of encephalitis, among which 42% had no recognized etiology. Among those with an identified etiology, the most common were infectious (73; 31%), including viral (n = 51; 22%), with the most frequent being West Nile virus (WNV; n = 12), and bacterial (n = 19; 8%), with the most frequent being Bartonella henselae (n = 7). Among cases of autoimmune encephalitis (n = 60; 26%), the most frequent cause was anti–N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis (n = 31). Autoimmune causes were seen more commonly in female (P < .01) patients. Testing for herpes simplex virus and enterovirus was nearly universal; testing for anti-NMDAR encephalitis, WNV, and Bartonella was less common.

CONCLUSIONS:

WNV was the most common infectious cause of encephalitis in our pediatric population despite lower testing frequency for WNV than herpes simplex virus or enterovirus. Increasing testing for anti-NMDAR encephalitis resulted in frequent identification of cases. Increased awareness and testing for WNV and Bartonella would likely result in more identified causes of pediatric encephalitis. Earlier etiologic diagnosis of encephalitides may lead to improve clinical outcomes.
MI with Non-obstructive Coronary Artery Presenting with STEMI: A Review of Incidence, Aetiology, Assessment and Treatment
Authors: Gue Ying X , Kanji Rahim , Gati Sabiha , Gorog Diana A
Published: May 2020

MI with non-obstructive coronary artery (MINOCA) is a condition previously thought to be benign that has recently been shown to have comparable mortality to that of acute coronary syndrome with obstructive coronary disease. The heterogeneity of the underlying aetiology makes the assessment, investigation and treatment of patients with MINOCA challenging. The majority of patients with MINOCA presenting with ST-segment elevation MI generally have an underlying coronary or myocardial cause, predominantly plaque disruption or myocarditis. In order to make the correct diagnosis, in addition to the cause of the presentation, a meticulous and methodical approach is required, with targeted investigations. Stratification of patients to guide investigations that are more likely to provide the diagnosis will allow the correct treatment to be initiated promptly. In this article, the authors review the contemporary incidence, aetiology, recommended assessment and treatment of patients with MINOCA presenting with ST-segment elevation MI.
Local criteria for the selection of wild food plants for consumption and sale in Alagoas, Brazil
Authors: Lins Gomes Danúbia , Dos Santos Ferreira Rita Paula , Da Costa Santos Élida Monique , Vasconcelos da Silva Rafael Ricardo , Medeiros Patrícia Muniz
Published: May 2020

Understanding the reasons for the consumption of certain plant resources instead of others has important implications for biological conservation. This study aimed to answer the following question: What are the factors that determine the consumption and perceived commercial potential of certain wild fruit species among extractivists from two rural communities in northeastern Brazil? This study developed a participatory approach to identify the fruit species known and/or used by extractivists. The selected species were presented to the extractivists using semi-structured interviews. A Likert scale (from 1 to 5) was used by interviewees to assign scores to 17 wild fruits in terms of local consumption, commercial potential, taste, nutritional potential, adverse effects, post-harvest durability, additional uses, temporal availability (fruit), spatial availability (fruit), spatial availability (plant), ease of collection, and ease of cultivation. Multiple regression analysis was performed to show the variables that best explained the selection of plants for consumption and sale. The results showed that only taste determined the commercial potential of plants, while taste and nutritional potential were the variables that best explained domestic consumption. In contexts in which edible wild plants do not form the base of the local diet, taste may be more relevant in relation to other variables such as availability and nutritional potential.
Adapting to the need of the hour: Communication skills simulation session using an online platform during COVID-19
Authors: Sudhir Meghana , Mascarenhas Sharon , Isaac Jolly , Alfroukh Jalal , Abdul Rahuman Safeeja
Published: May 2020

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Background: As Covid-19 continues to spread around the world and disrupt lives, universities around the globe are impacted extensively. Training sessions conducted at simulation centers needed an alternative approach to adapt to the gravity of the situation hence, the simulation centre team piloted a communication skills training session using Microsoft Teams. Objectives: The objectives of the pilot session were to develop a plan for training on communication skills remotely, identify an online platform, pilot an online communication skills session using the identified platform and evaluate the effectiveness of the process. Approach: Communication skills training session for 2 groups of students involving facilitators and simulated patients were conducted simultaneously using sub channels on Microsoft Teams. Outcomes: The sessions followed a predefined structure and were completed as planned. It was discovered that remote simulation-based communication skills training facilitated through online platform is both feasible and effective. The findings suggest that remote simulation sessions can provide an effective educational environment.
Uso do celular antes de dormir: um fator com maior risco para sonolência excessiva em adolescentes de escolas militares
Authors: Souza Evanice Avelino de , Pinto Julio Cesar Barbosa de Lima , Alves Felipe Rocha
Published: May 2020

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a prevalência de sonolência diurna excessiva (SDE) e os fatores associados em adolescentes de escolas militares. Métodos Participaram 466 adolescentes do ensino médio (15 a 17 anos) de ambos os sexos (230 homens). Os participantes foram entrevistados sobre as características sociodemográficas e sobre a duração de sono (semana e final de semana), adotando-se valores < 8 horas de sono como tempo insuficiente de sono. A SDE foi avaliada com a escala de sonolência de Epworth, na qual os adolescentes que obtivessem escores ≥ 10 apresentavam SDE. Resultados A prevalência geral de SDE foi de 34,1%. A média de horas de sono foi de 6,9 h (±1,85) em dias da semana e de 8,5 h (±1,96) nos fins de semana. Identificou-se que 60% dos adolescentes apresentaram baixa duração do sono semanal (p = 0,05). Observaram-se, no modelo final de regressão, maiores riscos de SDE nos indivíduos com baixa duração de sono (OR: 1,55; IC de 95%: 1,04-2,31) e que utilizavam o celular antes de dormir (OR: 4,30; IC de 95%: 2,00-9,23). Conclusão A SDE foi fortemente associada ao uso de celular antes de dormir. Outros fatores associados são sono insuficiente e estudar em tempo integral. Medidas educacionais, administrativas e de saúde são necessárias para melhorar o sono em adolescentes.
Hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasm: imaging patterns
Authors: Houat Abdallah de Paula , Atzingen Augusto Castelli von , Velloni Fernanda Garozzo , Oliveira Rafael Andrade Santiago de , Torres Ulysses dos Santos , D’Ippolito Giuseppe
Published: May 2020

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors with distinct morphological and biological manifestations, the liver being the main organ affected by its metastases. However, primary hepatic involvement is quite rare. Hepatic NENs can have a variety of radiological presentation forms and can therefore mimic other lesions, making their diagnosis challenging. Nonetheless, certain imaging aspects allow NENs to be included among the main differential diagnoses of hepatic lesions and can guide the search for an extrahepatic primary site when the probable diagnosis is metastases.
Antegrade insertion of a double J catheter in the treatment of malignant ureteral obstruction: a retrospective analysis of the results obtained with a modified technique at a university hospital
Authors: Santos Rômulo Florêncio Tristão , Tibana Tiago Kojun , Marchiori Edson , Nunes Thiago Franchi
Published: May 2020

Abstract Objective: To analyze the results obtained with a modified antegrade double J catheter insertion (JJ stenting) technique in patients with urinary tract obstruction due to malignancy. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of data collected from patients undergoing antegrade JJ stenting for malignant ureteral obstruction in the interventional radiology department of our institution between March 1, 2017 and May 31, 2019. Results: Antegrade JJ stenting was performed in 32 patients (20 women and 12 men). The mean age was 66.2 years among the females and 61.5 years among the males. A total of 53 antegrade JJ stenting procedures were performed. The procedure was successful in 50 cases and failed in 3 (due to migration of the double J catheter in 2 and due to technical failure in 1). Complications occurred in 3 patients (low back pain, in 1, subcapsular hematoma, in 1, and pyelonephritis, in 1). The procedure time ranged from 14 min to 55 min. Conclusion: In patients with ureteral obstruction due to malignancy, antegrade JJ stenting is safe and effective. The technique selected in our study is easily reproduced and can be performed by a trained professional.
Percepção de barreiras e facilitadores dos usuários para participação em programas de promoção da atividade física
Authors: Silva Caroline Ramos de Moura , Bezerra Jorge , Soares Fernanda Cunha , Mota Jorge , Barros Mauro Virgílio Gomes de , Tassitano Rafael Miranda
Published: May 2020

Resumo: No Brasil, a atividade física é eixo prioritário das ações de promoção da saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever o perfil dos usuários, as barreiras e os facilitadores para participação em programas para promoção de atividades físicas na atenção básica à saúde. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com abrangência estadual realizado nos municípios de Pernambuco. Foram entrevistados de 2 a 21 indivíduos, por município, por meio de instrumento previamente testado e validado nas dimensões: sociodemográfica; estado de saúde; participação; informações sobre o programa; motivos de participação; facilitadores para a prática; barreiras para a prática e preferência de atividades. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e inferenciais (qui-quadrado). A amostra foi de 1.153 usuários, sendo 35,9% com idade entre 41-59 anos; 90,1% residentes em áreas urbanas; 58,2% dos usuários participavam das atividades há, pelo menos, um ano. A frequência semanal de 3-4 dias foi de 44,9%, e 71,1% praticavam atividades de uma hora ou mais. Observou-se que 40% das barreiras para a participação nos programas de atividade física e 77,5% dos facilitadores relatados foram de domínio intrapessoal. A barreira mais prevalente foi “condição atual de saúde”, e o facilitador foi “ter uma condição melhor de saúde”. As mulheres percebem mais barreiras do que os homens. Conclui-se que as barreiras e os facilitadores de domínio intrapessoal, relacionados com a saúde, são os fatores envolvidos na manutenção e no engajamento dos usuários dos programas e intervenções para promoção da atividade física desenvolvidos pela atenção básica à saúde do Estado de Pernambuco.
A nationwide study on prevalence and factors associated with dynapenia in older adults: ELSI-Brazil
Authors: Borges Viviane Santos , Lima-Costa Maria Fernanda Furtado , Andrade Fabíola Bof de
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with dynapenia in a nationally representative sample of Brazilians aged 50 years and older. A cross-sectional study was performed with baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil). Dynapenia was defined as low muscle strength (< 27kg for men and < 16kg for women). Explanatory variables were sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions, health behaviors and physical performance. Analyses were based on multivariate logistic regression and population attributable fractions. Among the 8,396 participants, the prevalence of dynapenia was 17.2% (16.6% among men and 17.7% among women); for those aged 65 years and older, the prevalence was 28.2% (29.1% and 27.5% among men and women, respectively). Dynapenia was positively associated with age, low gait speed, limitations in performing two or more basic daily activities, falls and self-reported chronic diseases; and negatively associated with education level, physical activity and body mass index (overweight/obese, OR = 0.26). Prevalence of dynapenia is high in Brazilian older adults. Educational skills and physical activity improvement present greater potential to reduce dynapenia in this population.
Decurso histórico das políticas de fluoretação como estratégia de enfrentamento à cárie dentária no Poder Legislativo brasileiro, de 1963 a 2019
Authors: Rossi Thais Regis Aranha , Moreira Luiz Gaudencio Passos , Barros Sandra Garrido de
Published: May 2020

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os processos legislativos sobre políticas de fluoretação no Brasil, de 1963 a 2019. Utilizou-se o referencial teórico de Pierre Bourdieu. Foi realizada uma pesquisa documental sobre os processos legislativos que abordam o tema da fluoretação no Brasil como medida de saúde pública e as discussões que ocorreram no Congresso Nacional. As fontes de pesquisa para a construção do artigo foram os sítios eletrônicos oficiais da Câmara dos Deputados e do Senado Federal, para consultar os atos legislativos relacionados à fluoretação no Brasil. De 1963 a 2001 e em 2017, foi constatada uma disputa entre os métodos de fluoretação das águas de abastecimento, água mineral e fluoretação do sal. Entretanto, permeava a compreensão da importância e benefícios acerca da utilização do flúor sistêmico. De 2003 a 2013, os projetos contestavam a utilização do flúor sistêmico, propondo sua utilização apenas em meio tópico. Nos anos 1960, 1970 e em 2017, os atos legislativos apresentavam mais aproximação ao campo científico e foram propostos por parlamentares da oposição. Diferentemente do tema da fluoretação das águas, dos 6 atos legislativos favoráveis à fluoretação do sal, apenas um era proveniente de um profissional da saúde e apenas dois de legisladores do eixo Sudeste. Houve maior participação de projetos de legisladores do Centro-oeste e do Nordeste. Aqueles com formação na saúde apresentaram tomadas de posição em defesa de algum método de fluoretação sistêmica. Esta análise possibilita interpretar o processo histórico de construção em resposta ao problema constituído e suas distintas estratégias de enfrentamento.
Caminos rarámuri para sostener o acabar el mundo. Teoría etnográfica, cambio climático y Antropoceno
Authors: Lares Alejandro Fujigaki
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es problematizar cómo las premisas y las implicaciones del cambio climático y del Antropoceno están presentes, de forma previa y paralela, en la teoría-práctica rarámuri, específicamente a través del concepto de caminar-caminos y de las acciones nativas dedicadas al “cuidado del entorno” y a “sostener el mundo”. Dicha teoría etnográfica reconoce una multiplicidad de agentes internos y externos al kawí (montaña, sierra, mundo, la tierra, terruño), así como de vínculos que generan divergencias y fricciones inconmensurables y, en este sentido, es que puedo hablar de estrategias cosmopolíticas. Todo ello expresa que los rarámuri han reflexionado desde hace tiempo sobre el impacto de las acciones humanas en el entorno, ya sea cuidándolo o colaborando con el latente riesgo de que el mundo acabe, tal como está inscrito en sus mitos de origen. En términos rarámuri, los vínculos, sean individuales o colectivos, y las acciones concretas determinarán el mundo que se habitará, ya que seguir un camino específico -camino de los antepasados (anayáguari boé) o el camino otro (si’nú boé)- implica participar de flujos particulares de relaciones y de sustancias regenerativas|degenerativas.
Filantrocapitalismo versus filantropia para a justiça social: um debate norte-americano sobre como lidar com a pobreza
Authors: Silva Patricia Kunrath , Oliven Ruben George
Published: May 2020

Resumo Este artigo se propõe a analisar a filantropia norte-americana como uma prática através da qual os ricos retribuem parte da riqueza que conseguiram acumular e como um mecanismo para atenuar a pobreza dos menos bem-sucedidos. São analisadas duas formas de filantropia e seus pressupostos: o filantrocapitalismo e a filantropia para a justiça social. Em ambos os casos é apresentado material de uma pesquisa realizada nos Estados Unidos com representantes dessas duas vertentes. A filantropia é discutida à luz da dádiva, do interesse e do desinteresse nas práticas sociais, e da obrigação moral.
El Buen Vivir como discurso contrahegemónico. Postdesarrollo, indigenismo y naturaleza desde la visión andina
Authors: Blanco Jorge Polo , Aguiar Eleder Piñeiro
Published: May 2020

Resumen En el presente trabajo queremos ahondar en la noción “Buen Vivir”, entendiéndolo como un concepto con enorme potencia contrahegemónica. Para ello, indagaremos en su fuerte crítica a la modernidad eurocéntrica, en concreto, a las ideas de “progreso” y “desarrollo” provenientes del Norte Global. Analizaremos igualmente cómo algunos elementos de la cosmovisión indígena andina han contribuido notablemente a la construcción de discursos y praxis que han intentado salirse del paradigma desarrollista y extractivista. Consideraremos, por ende, que el “Buen Vivir”, cuya presencia puede rastrearse incluso en geografías indígenas no andinas, ha constituido un contrapunto epistémico y ético-político al desarrollismo, al productivismo y al neoliberalismo.
Por mares revoltos: a mediação política do Conselho Pastoral dos Pescadores (1968-2018)
Authors: Ramalho Cristiano Wellington Noberto , Santos Andreia Patrícia dos
Published: May 2020

Resumo: Este escrito focaliza o trabalho do Conselho Pastoral dos Pescadores (CPP), importante mediador da pesca artesanal no Brasil. Os objetivos são: (a) compreender como era o cenário político da pesca antes do surgimento desta Pastoral e (b) analisar as estratégias e formas de atuação desenvolvidas por este mediador político junto aos pescadores artesanais. Os procedimentos metodológicos apoiaram-se em entrevistas com dirigentes e ex-dirigentes do CPP, documentos, fontes de jornais e observação direta. Conclui-se que os rumos construídos pelas lutas das comunidades pesqueiras guardam, na ação de assessoria do CPP, um papel de destaque, uma influência decisiva.
INTENSIVE CARE IN NON-CRITICAL UNITS: REPRESENTATIONS AND PRACTICES OF NOVICE GRADUATE NURSES
Authors: Almeida Rute de Oliveira , Ferreira Márcia de Assunção , Silva Rafael Celestino da
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the practices of novice graduated nurses in view of their social representations on intensive care to the critical patient provided in non-critical patient units. Method: a qualitative research, based on social representations, with 26 novice graduated nurses at a private university in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Data collection made between 2016 and 2017 by a semi-structured interview and lexical analysis by Alceste software. Results: the context of the Intensive Care Unit influences social representations, which mobilizes identity aspects of this environment that stereotype the ward as a disorganized place and that does not have material resources and trained professionals. Thus, when novice undergraduates act and despite the effort and dedication fail to transfer the patient, fear and lack of confidence are exacerbated, resulting in actions that can bring risks to the patient. Conclusion: there are stereotypes in relation to the clinic that limit the care actions of the novice undergraduates in relation to the critical patient, and should be re-signified in generalist education. It is recommended to develop follow-up programs for novice graduated nurses.
Performance of nurses/nursing team in the dispensing of materials for users of home care services
Authors: Freitas Priscila de Carvalho , Galdino Daniel Magno , Grillo Maria de Fátima , Duro Carmen Lucia Mottin , Duarte Êrica Rosalba Mallmann , Kaiser Dagmar Elaine
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To contextualize the performance of nurses/nursing team in the dispensing of materials to assist users in home visits, in primary care. Methods: Dialectical qualitative study conducted between March and April 2018 in which 24 nurses from primary health care units in the Gloria/Cruzeiro/Cristal District of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, completed the self-administered questionnaire, whose data were treated by thematic content analysis. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: Two categories emerged from the empirical corpus: logistic chain of material management for home user assistance; production of services and capacity of the team. Conclusion: The work processes related to materials management for home user assistance and the resulting health services production require a look at specificities such as workload and technologies involved, as they move the performance of the nurse/nursing staff.
Burden of informal caregivers of dependent elderlies in the community in small cities
Authors: Aires Marines , Fuhrmann Ana Cláudia , Mocellin Duane , Pizzol Fernanda Laís Fengler Dal , Sponchiado Laura Franco , Marchezan Carla Regina , Bierhals Carla Cristiane Becker Kottwitz , Day Carolina Baltar , Santos Naiana Oliveira dos , Paskulin Lisiane Manganelli Girardi
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT Aim: To analyze sociodemographic factors and aspects of care related to the burden of informal caregivers of dependent elderlies in the community. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 125 caregivers. Data collection was carried out in municipalities of the Northwest of Rio Grande do Sul through a structured interview in 2017 and 2018. The Caregiver Burden Inventory was used. The Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients and t-student test or Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were done. For the multivariate analysis, Linear Regression was used. Results: Most caregivers were female (73.6%), married (55.2%) and daughters (68.0%). The variables that showed a statistically significant relationship with burden were: caregiver age (p = 0.039), education (p = 0.001), time devoted to care (p = <0.001), kinship degree (p = 0.001), living with the elder (p <0.001), using their income (p = 0.001) and female gender (p = 0.017). Conclusion: Women caregivers, with less education, who spend more time in weekly care and lived with the elder presented higher burden.
Nurse’s means of work in the articulation of the psychosocial care network
Authors: Braga Fabrício Soares , Olschowsky Agnes , Wetzel Christine , Silva Aline Basso da , Nunes Cristiane Kenes , Botega Mariane da Silva Xavier
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze nurses' means of work used in the articulation of the Psychosocial Care Network (PCN) Method: An exploratory-descriptive qualitative study conducted at the PCN of a District Health Management in Porto Alegre. The data collection technique used was the semi-structured interview held from October to December 2017. Data was subjected to thematic analysis under the Marxist theory of the Labor Process. Results: The analysis resulted in two thematic categories: Care Management and Care Practices. The first consists of two means of work: team coordination and meetings with the other components of the territory. The second involves three means of work: telephone contacts with PCN services; user referrals in the PCN and matrix support. Final considerations: In view of overcoming the asylum model, nurses' means of work are instruments for producing dialogs aimed at expanding psychosocial care.
Validation and applicability of an alternative method for dialysis water and dialysate quality analysis
Authors: Carvalho Gabriela Corrêa , Bugno Adriana , Almodovar Adriana Aparecida Buzzo , Silva Fernando Pontes de Lima e , Pinto Terezinha de Jesus Andreoli
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT Introduction: In hemodialysis, patients are exposed to a large volume of water, which may lead to fatal risks if not meeting quality standards. This study aimed to validate an alternative method for monitoring microbiological quality of treated water and assess its applicability in dialysis and dialysate analysis, to allow corrective actions in real-time. Methods: Validation and applicability were analyzed by conventional and alternative methods. For validation, E. coli standard endotoxin was diluted with apyrogenic water in five concentrations. For the applicability analysis, treated water for dialysis was collected from different points in the treatment system (reverse osmosis, drainage canalization at the storage tank bottom, reuse, and loop), and dialysate was collected from four machines located in different rooms in the hemodialysis sector. Results: The validation results were in accordance with the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia acceptance criteria, except for the last two concentrations analyzed. In addition, the ruggedness criterion performed under the US Pharmacopoeia was in agreement with the results. Discussion: A limiting factor in the applicability analysis was the absence of the endotoxin maximum permitted level in dialysate by the Brazilian legislation. When comparing the analysis time, the alternative method was more time-consuming than the conventional one. This suggests that the alternative method is effective in the case of few analyses, that is, real-time analyses, favoring corrective actions promptly. On the other hand, it does not support the implementation of the alternative method in a laboratory routine due to the high demand for analyses.
SÃO SEBASTIÃO DO RIO DE JANEIRO E JAMESTOWN (VIRGINIA): HIPÓTESES PRELIMINARES SOBRE REBELIÕES, CIDADES E ESPAÇOS NAS AMÉRICAS (1660-1677)
Authors: Figueiredo Luciano
Published: May 2020

Resumo Na América portuguesa explode em finais de 1660 um protesto no qual a elite local depõe o governador régio e assume a gestão da cidade do Rio de Janeiro por cinco meses. Em 1675, na colônia inglesa da Virginia, homens de fronteira somados a outros segmentos atacam o governador e seus aliados, deflagrando uma guerra civil conhecida como Revolta de Bacon, em homenagem ao seu principal líder. Este artigo examina um fenômeno espacial observado a partir do contraste entre essas duas rebeliões. Enquanto em terras fluminenses as ações rebeldes convergem para o espaço da cidade de São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro reforçando o papel central da capital onde as negociações e os protestos se concentraram, na Virginia, ao contrário, a dispersão espacial é flagrante, com o esvaziamento da capital Jamestown que foi totalmente incendiada durante os conflitos que se espalham pelo território.
ATLANTIC AND LOCAL: SCALES OF INTERDEPENDENCE IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA
Authors: Hart Emma
Published: May 2020

Abstract: Using Charleston, South Carolina, USA, as a case-study, this article argues that this interplay of scales and, more specifically unequal scales, was just as important to fostering the growth of globally-connected cities in the early modern Atlantic. In the course of the eighteenth century, Charleston grew from a few thousand inhabitants to one of the largest cities in the North Atlantic with a population of roughly 15,000 at the first United States Census in 1790. Historians have customarily attributed this growth to the simultaneous expansion of the plantation economy, which produced mainly rice and indigo. Nevertheless, there were a host of complex local processes at play that also contributed to Charleston’s importance, which have until recently been almost completely overlooked by scholars. Delving into the relationship between the local and the global is essential to fully understanding both the reason’s for Charleston’s growth and its critical role in connecting the region to the Atlantic economy.
RIO DE JANEIRO AND THE SILVER MINING ECONOMY OF POTOSI: TRANS-IMPERIAL, GLOBAL, AND CONTRACTUAL APPROACHES TO SOUTH ATLANTIC MARKETS (18TH CENTURY)
Authors: Bohorquez J.
Published: May 2020

Abstract This paper’s main goal is to advance some considerations on the interrelations between port cities and capital. More specifically, it sheds light on how these interdependencies took place in the eighteenth-century Portuguese and Spanish Atlantic world. This paper thus seeks to draw an urban political economy in transimperial, global, and contractual perspectives. For so doing, particular attention will be put to Rio de Janeiro’s projection far beyond the South Atlantic, and in particular, its interconnections with the Rio de la Plata basin and Potosi markets. Attention will also be paid to the impact of and repercussions that far-flung economic phenomena had for the urban domestic markets.
Fake news sobre drogas: pós-verdade e desinformação
Authors: Pasquim Heitor , Oliveira Marcos , Soares Cássia Baldini
Published: May 2020

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os discursos sobre drogas em publicações da internet cujo conteúdo foi identificado como falso em plataformas de checagem de dados. Trata-se de estudo de abordagem qualitativa, que seguiu procedimentos de análise do discurso. A partir de pesquisa na internet, selecionaram-se 85 notícias falsas sobre drogas. A análise indica que o tom negativo e alarmista é o mais comum. O desfecho trágico mais citado foi a morte. Outros desfechos negativos também foram lembrados, como: assalto, transformar-se em zumbi, câncer, prostituição, infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e até mesmo canibalismo. Foram identificadas três unidades de discurso: sátira sobre drogas com potencial para enganar; drogado como categoria de acusação; e epidemia das drogas ilícitas. Como pano de fundo da problematização acerca do fenômeno fake news, questionam-se concepções que advogam a impossibilidade da compreensão do real, abrindo espaço para que o conhecimento acadêmico-científico seja equiparado a convicções pessoais, reforçando subjetivismos e irracionalismos que tendem a fortalecer a recepção e a proliferação de fake news nos mais variados campos do conhecimento.
Facilitation of microbially induced calcite precipitation with kaolinite nucleation
Authors: Won Jongmuk , Jeong Boyoung , Lee Junghwoon , Dai Sheng , Burns Susan E.
Published: May 2020

Microbially induced calcite precipitation is an emerging environmentally friendly ground improvement technique for a range of geotechnical applications. One of the remaining issues for field implementation of this technique is poor uniformity of calcite, with concentrated precipitation near the injection point, particularly for treatments with continuous injection or in fine sand. Therefore, the work described in this paper performed an experimental investigation to test the hypothesis that using kaolinite particles can increase the number of calcite nucleation sites throughout the sand medium to increase the mass of calcite deposited and provide better distribution of calcite. Both batch and column tests were performed to quantify the impact of kaolinite particles on calcite precipitation. The results indicated that the kaolinite particles may play a role as nucleation sites and facilitate the heterogeneous nucleation of calcite, with observed deposition profiles of kaolinite and breakthrough curves of both kaolinite and bacteria demonstrating that the uniform distribution of deposited kaolinite particles at relatively low inlet concentration (100 mg/l) most effectively increased the amount of calcite, producing a uniform calcite deposition profile. In addition, the results also showed that the well-predicted deposition profile of kaolinite correlated well with the deposited calcite profile.
A unified artificial neural network model for asphalt pavement condition prediction
Authors: Mahmood Maher , Anuraj Uthayasooriyan , Mathavan Senthan , Rahman Mujib
Published: May 2020

Most performance prediction models for asphalt pavements are either based on laboratory data or numerical distress data collected from field surveys. However, these models do not fully reflect the true performance of pavements in different traffic and environmental conditions. In the study reported in this paper, a multi-input unified prediction model based on an artificial neural network was developed by using a mixture of numerical and categorical features for in-service pavement test sections in the USA. Pavement age, cracking length and area, cumulative traffic loading, two functional classes of roads, four climatic zones and maintenance effects were considered as input variables while changes in the pavement condition index (PCI) were determined as the output. The developed model was found to be efficient in terms of processing time and accuracy in dealing with the complexity and non-linearity of multiple input parameters. The results showed that the model provided a high correlation between observed and predicted deterioration at the training stage. The testing and validation results also yielded high accuracy in predicting the PCI and could be combined with a pavement management system to plan timely and accurate maintenance strategies.
Teaching Democracy in Public Administration: Trends and Future Prospects
Authors: Leighninger Matt
Published: May 2020

Over the last century, the skills, ideas, and values upheld within the field of public administration (PA) have undergone several major shifts. We seem to be in the midst of another such transition, as PA schools react to new perspectives about the state of democracy and citizenship. Most of these arguments focus on the more participatory aspects of democracy, and emphasize the need for governments to work more directly and interactively with citizens. “Democratic governance” is one term used to describe this set of ideas. This article explores the relationship between PA and democratic governance through interviews with professors and other observers of the discipline. The picture that emerges is that of a field in flux, spurred both by theoretical claims and by the practical needs of administrators, being pushed from a narrow focus on management to a broader conception of governing.
Academic Libraries As Hubs For Deliberative Democracy
Authors: Kranich Nancy C.
Published: May 2020

Colleges and universities often overlook academic libraries as venues for deliberative democracy. As agencies that span boundaries across traditional structural and political barriers, libraries are ideal hubs for practicing democracy on campus. They can offer safe spaces for dialogue, engaging programs about real issues in American democracy, and opportunities for students to learn civic literacy skills essential to a self-governing society. By repositioning themselves to advance the civic mission of higher education, academic librarians are poised to become essential partners and catalysts for preparing the next generation to participate in a flourishing 21st century democracy.
Deliberation of Controversial Public School Curriculum: Developing Processes and Outcomes that Increase Legitimacy and Social Justice
Authors: Camicia Steven P.
Published: May 2020

Public schools in the United States are charged with facilitating public deliberation of controversial school curriculum. This often entails managing the negotiations between multiple stakeholders who have very different positions on the proper design and implementation of curriculum. To maintain legitimacy as caretakers of the public interest in a liberal democracy, public schools are asked to recognize all legitimate perspectives in such disputes. But what happens when a perspective is not considered legitimate or in the public interest by the dominant community? When disputes over curriculum ensue, the rights of individuals to have their perspectives included in the curriculum must be considered in tandem with the public school’s primary responsibility—to teach students to nurture a democracy. This essay synthesizes frameworks from deliberative democracy theorists to better understand the ways that the process and outcome of public school curriculum deliberation can increase in legitimacy and responsiveness to issues of social justice. To develop and illustrate this theoretical framework, I examine the case of a small group of activists who challenged a curriculum’s claim that the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII was clearly a mistake. Activist wanted the curriculum to say that the internment was done out of military necessity. I conclude that Gutmann’s guidelines of non-discrimination and non-repression must be synthesized with Habermas’s guidelines for a proceduralist model of deliberation.