bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying good practice in flexible working
Authors: Creagh Mary , Brewster Chris
Published: May 2004

This paper examines flexible wo rking in the workplace using case studies from four different European companies, in three countries. This detailed evidence shows that while flexibility is a major challenge to managements, trade unions and employees, the results are more acceptable to these groups when certain practices are followed. These include its introduction and maintenance through the careful provision of information and consultation with workers, and dealing with flexibility as a process rather than as a one‐off cost‐cutting exercise. Identifies the implications of this work for managements, trade unions and employees.
Recruitment and retention in the public library – a baseline study
Authors: Usherwood Bob , Proctor Richard , Bower Gordon , Stevens Tony , Coe Carol
Published: May 2004

Reports the first stage of an investigation into the public library workforce in the UK. The investigation consisted of a postal survey of all UK public library authorities and had an 80 per cent response rate. Information and data were collected concerning recruitment and retention. The results indicate a high level of variation in attitudes and practices. There is evidence that some authorities that have career development initiatives are twice as likely to be actively recruiting candidates, and a statistically significant relationship between the length of stay of new professionals and ongoing career development. There is evidence of a new trend in recruitment which emphasises specific qualities, skills and abilities which candidates offer, rather than possession of a single qualification. It was found that there is staff retention by default.
Mobilising the potential for initiative and innovation by means of socially competent management: results from research libraries in Berlin
Authors: Paul Gerd
Published: May 2004

Reports an investigation into what way the interaction between managers and their subordinates is linked to the latter group’s performance and innovativeness. With pressure to change and innovate being steadily increased by reduced subsidies, dwindling resources, growing customer demands for quality service and technological change, examines the ability of this type of informational facility to function. Focuses on the actors and their attitudes, social behaviour on the job, and perceptions. Identifies communication, participation, autonomy, conflict, motivation and co‐operation in the theoretical part of the study as being the basic constituents of social dynamics in research libraries. Theoretically and empirically, the work climate served as the appropriate indicator of the socioemotional quality of interaction and was the link between managers’ behaviour, social interaction and achievement of the organisation’s purpose. Concludes that it is essential for managerial competence to be grasped as being a blend of technical, managerial and social expertise.
Being there: ethnographic research and autobiography
Authors: Hannabuss Stuart
Published: May 2004

Qualitative research offers a unique insight into the behaviour and beliefs and meanings of the organisations, situations and people studied. Often these meanings express themselves in narrative forms. The researcher’s own experience of research itself takes a narrative form, and has similarities with autobiography. The reflexive elements of autobiography can make for more self‐aware research, above all when the researchers are researching organisations, situations and groups of which they themselves are a part.
Employee suggestion schemes: a management tool for the 1990s?
Authors: Milner Eileen , Kinnell Margaret , Usherwood Bob
Published: May 2004

Quality figures large in the lexicon of today′s management. And so
it should. For many, however, the use of buzzwords such as
“commitment to quality” can suggest a case of all form and
no content. Suggestion schemes, properly constituted and managed, offer
real opportunities to achieve employee involvement and empowerment, key
elements of quality management. Rewards need not be large, but the
benefits in terms of motivation and increased employee morale can be
considerable. Offers a model scheme for consideration, adapted from the
commercial sector in both the United Kingdom and South Africa; it is
suggested for use in the library and information sector.
Workplace violence in libraries
Authors: Pease Barbara
Published: May 2004

Libraries are usually thought of as havens of quiet. In fact,
however, they have a long history of encounters with disturbed and
potentially violent patrons. Surveys the history and incidence of
workplace violence generally and then focuses on violence and
inappropriate behaviour in libraries in particular. Demonstrates that
virtually all instances came from users rather than from staff. Provides
an analysis of different types of public and publicly‐owned buildings
and highlights the specific features of public access that render staff
more vulnerable. Also highlights the dilemma between the ethos of public
service, on the one hand, and the need for both security and discipline,
on the other. Provides suggestions as to how this balance can be
achieved.
Getting things in focus: the use of focus groups in Brent Libraries
Authors: Tyerman Karen
Published: May 2004

In the context of a total quality programme, Brent Libraries carried out customer research to determine customer needs and also monitor the performance of contractors. One method to achieve these goals is the use of focus groups. A system was established within the context of a branch library with a multiracial profile of users with the aim of improving services to users, non‐users and lapsed users of the service. Discussions were held with various groups to discover their views. Claims that, although successful overall, the lack of participation by some ethnic groups is one facet which needs further investigation.
Libraries of the Future Project
Authors: Bergen Ceris
Published: May 2004

Summarizes the findings of this project, jointly funded by the NCET, the British Library Research and Development Department and the Northern Ireland Department of Education, which aimed to find out what happens if a range of multimedia and communications technologies is made available in school and college libraries. Concludes with recommendations for national policy makers, as well as for teachers, librarians and others.
Automation in the Adeyemi College of Education Library, Ondo
Authors: Akinfolarin W.A.
Published: May 2004

This article provides a progress report of automation at the Adeyemi College of Education Library. The historical development of both the College and the library is given. The various operations which the software can perform, including menus and sub‐menus, are also listed. The problems which this automation exercise is likely to face are discussed and solutions proposed.
Networking and Its Leadership Processes
Authors: Wills Gordon
Published: May 2004

Aims to review what has been learned and published recently about
networking, using examples from the experiences of the International
Management Centre (IMC). Describes the IMC network and leadership
process (including the use of the two‐level Bulletin Board System and
the Atherton Intelligence System) before discussing why networks are
necessary and detailing how they function. Covers areas such as finance,
network evolution, and the major causes of failure. Concludes that
networks are an important tool for the future in view of their ability
to change to meet market needs.
Expatriates and host country nationals: managerial values and
decision styles
Authors: Ali Abbas J. , Azim Ahmed A. , Krishnan Krish S.
Published: May 2004

Investigates managerial value systems and decision styles among
expatriate and indigenous managers in the UAE. Provides support for the
proposition that differences among expatriate and host country nationals
are manifested in their value systems. Indicates that Arab expatriate
and national managers display a high preference for participative and
pseudo‐participative styles while foreign expatriates show a high
commitment to consultative style. Finds work values to be significantly
related to some decision styles.
Management in the less‐developed countries: a review of pertinent
issues, challenges and responses
Authors: Zeffane Rachid , Rugimbana Robert
Published: May 2004

Outlines and discusses some of the pertinent issues of management
and organization facing less developed countries (LDCs). Based on a
review of the most recent literature, illuminates the central place of
culture in reflecting and explaining organizational behaviour. Examines
the controversies surrounding management and marketing, human resource
management and those relating to the adoption of new technology by LDCs.
Outlines contemporary responses to these challenges. Concludes with a
series of observations and suggestions which may show some light for
future research on the management and organizational behaviour of LDCs.
The foundations of success
Authors: Cox Charles , Jennings Reg
Published: May 2004

Compares the development and characteristics of three groups of
highly successful British senior executives – self‐made
entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs, and a group of intrapreneurs who are
members of the family owning the company for which they work, but not
the company′s founder. One important common factor within the first two
groups (which distinguishes them from the third group) is the overcoming
of adversity in childhood. This seems to set a pattern of behaviour
throughout life which contributes to their success by giving them the
ability to cope with and learn from different situations and setbacks
during their careers. Other factors which discriminate between the
groups are the degree of risk taking, innovation and political style.
All three groups have much in common. They are all good communicators
who work extremely hard and are intrinsically motivated.
Managing safety: an attitudinal‐based approach to improving safety in organizations
Authors: Donald Ian , Young Stephen
Published: May 2004

Describes the use of safety attitudes as the basis for an intervention to improve safety performance in a power generation company. Following an initial survey using the safety attitude questionnaire developed by the SRU, a set of initiatives was developed. The initiatives included setting up safety teams, the introduction of written action plans, the provision of workforce safety budgets and an enhanced profile for management action. The initiatives were implemented by the SRU over a period of one year. Following the intervention there were improvements in safety attitude, lost time accident rates, self‐reported accident rates and absenteeism levels.
Leadership of a cultural change process
Authors: Brooks Ian
Published: May 2004

Explores the successful role of leadership in initiating and sustaining a major process of change. The findings build on the work of others who have so ably demonstrated the influence of powerful leaders. Research is based on qualitative data from an ethnographic study which immersed itself in the minutiae of organizational life. Outlines the processes that have unfolded in the wider context of NHS change. Discusses the findings and debates supporting evidence. The resultant model of change indicates that successful leadership of cultural change requires leaders to think culturally, to be guided by a cognitive model of change and to employ the cultural tools of symbolism while actively focusing on the politics of acceptance. Hard systems and structural changes can be implemented in parallel with soft symbolic and political activity. A highly receptive context, either real or created, assists by providing a trigger for change.
An analysis of the difference between organization identification and professional commitment: a study of certified public accountants
Authors: Siegel Philip H. , Sisaye Seleshi
Published: May 2004

Addresses the relationship between organizational identification and organizational commitment. Tested the following three hypotheses in relation to professional accountants: self‐image congruence has a direct effect on organizational identification; organizational identification has a direct effect on organizational commitment; and the organizational‐identification effect on commitment is moderated by attitudes of significant others, work abilities/experience, other options and alternatives, competing motives, and perception of outcomes. Four international Certified Public Accountant (CPA) firms participated in the study. A random sample of 335 CPAs within these firms was selected and a survey questionnaire was mailed to them. Results did not provide support for any of the hypotheses. Instead, the results show that self‐image congruence may have a direct effect on organizational commitment, which in turn may have a direct effect on organizational identification.
The relationship of vertical and horizontal individualism and collectivism to intrapreneurship and organizational commitment
Authors: Abraham Rebecca
Published: May 2004

Presents a study which derives relationships between the personality/cultural variables of vertical and horizontal individualism and collectivism, on the one hand, and the organizational criteria of intrapreneurship and organizational commitment on the other. Suggests that horizontal individualism may explain intrapreneurship jointly with a supportive organizational climate. Vertical collectivism demonstrates a direct positive relationship with organizational commitment. Horizontal collectivism varies jointly with work‐group and supervisor commitments in a negative relationship with organizational commitment, indicating a perception of conflict between work‐group and supervisor goals on the one hand and organizational goals on the other. Concludes that, while the basis of the vertical collectivist’s commitment seems unclear, horizontal collectivists base their commitment on compliance or rewards. Discusses theoretical and a few practical implications.
The evolution of a university research department facilitated by a groupware system ‐ Part 1: organizational growth, planning and learning
Authors: White Barbara , Deakin Anthony , Gouma Perena , Rada Roy
Published: May 2004

Presents an extended study of the transformation of a university research group into a learning organization. The transformation process was realized during the rapid development of a small group into a medium‐sized organization through the addition of major projects, necessitating change from a hierarchy to a matrix organization. Central to the development of the organization and its learning ethos was the introduction of a hypermedia groupware system (PD1). Documents the cycles of evaluation and change up to assessment of PD1. Concludes that the evolutionary transformation of an organization can be a managed and a learning process, involving, and depending on, all participants and their constructive use of an enabling information technology infrastructure in a period of change and transition.
Workplace bullying: myth or reality ‐ can we afford to ignore it?
Authors: Rayner Charlotte , Cooper Cary
Published: May 2004

Introduces workplace bullying and examines the nature of actions associated with it as well as recent UK data on incidence. Develops a cost‐benefit argument for organizations to deal with the issue and comments that despite the overwhelming benefits, few organizations appear to have workplace bullying on their agenda. Highlights evidence that bullying is the single largest category identified in employment litigation connected to stress at work ‐ even though it may not be specifically named. Concludes that more knowledge is needed in this area and that it is an ideal focus for academics and practitioners to investigate jointly.
Facility management: future opportunities, scope and impact
Authors: Jones Oliver
Published: May 2004

UK’s PFI (Private Finance Initiative) in the public sector has introduced radical innovations in the ways that new facilities and ongoing support services are financed. Fundamental changes in the concepts of business accommodation and service delivery are also under way, in which property is coming to be viewed as a business service rather than as a financial asset, helping to free core business capital while reducing the costs and increasing the quality of support service delivery. The diversification of the rules governing the property market, coupled with an increasingly sophisticated range of outsourcing arrangements, promises to provide a much greater variety and more flexible set of business support environments for the future.
The future of workspace management
Authors: McGregor Wes
Published: May 2004

In the near future work will no longer be a place, but a range of activities that can be conducted virtually anywhere and at any time. This paper gives a comprehensive view of the critical management issues that need to be considered when providing a responsive and effective human support service to underpin a wide variety of transient work patterns, undertaken at different venues and at dispersed locations. In the future, facilities management may need to move nearer to the core of an organisation’s business in order to support the “free‐style” deployment of its human resources to working practices that are increasingly space and time flexible.
Corporate commuter management: the wider perspective for facilities management
Authors: Dabson Ashley
Published: May 2004

This paper summarises Compaq’s corporate commuter management experience in facilitating the transport of its human resource to its site at Worton Grange in Reading, UK. This edge of town, 20‐acre site was selected for Digital’s UK headquarters some 18 years ago, largely because of its accessibility by road. Since this acquisition much has changed, culminating in Compaq’s take‐over of Digital in 1998. The paper reflects on these changes and the basis of Compaq’s Worton Grange commuter plan. It summarises the experience gained and provides key pointers to the future management of the journey to work.
Accommodating future business intelligence: new work‐space and work‐time challenges for management and design
Authors: Bradley Stephen , Woodling Geoff
Published: May 2004

This paper presents a synoptic account of the emerging knowledge‐based forms of intelligent working and the new approaches to the management of space and time, so that groups, teams and individuals can work independently of location, time and place. The challenge for facility management and facility design is to provide fast response agile systems and short duration business space and infrastructure to provide high quality work‐space and work‐time settings to support the knowledge‐based businesses of the future.
Insurance and Disaster Planning
Authors: Carmichael Donald , Gartell Steve
Published: May 2004

Highlights the level and scope of types of insurance which are required
to alleviate risk in the many varied possible points of alarm. Looks at
ways of cutting claims down particularly in the use of materials which
reduce claims for damage – such as anti‐shatter film for inner windows
with regard to terrorist attacks.
Accidents, Bombs, Fires and Floods: Are You Covered?
Authors: Gloyn Bill
Published: May 2004

Looks at the latest developments in insurance and its relevance for
facilities managers. Any shortcomings in policy coverage are exploited
fully thereby causing distrust between the parties involved. Shows that
although insurance has a low priority, it is in a firm′s favour to have
good cover.
Making Its Mark: The British Council in Manchester
Authors: Daly Elizabeth
Published: May 2004

The winner of the Existing Buildings category in the Office of the Year
Competition is discussed. Shows that relocation of the British Council
to Manchester has provided attractive and useful accommodation for up to
700 staff. The “village” theme of the office block is just one of its
easy‐on‐the‐eye but functional assets.
Benefits, Costs and the Workplace Design Process
Authors: Mawson Andrew
Published: May 2004

Investigates the subject of intelligent buildings which have specific
capabilities in the context of the occupiers′/investors′ current and
future business. Proposes that the design of the building should reduce
life‐cycle costs by recognizing the needs of its occupants. Concludes
that organizations should recognize the need to change from traditional
approaches in this respect, in order to benefit from their workplace
design.
EuroFM/IFMA
Authors: Fenwick J. , Byatt R.
Published: May 2004

Reviews the EuroFM Conference in Brussels where views on facilities
management were presented from several countries. Presents a diversity
of opinion and practices. Proposes that companies should collaborate in
Europe to provide further opportunities for facilities management.
Changing roles and responsibilities in health‐care facilities
management
Authors: Smith Duncan
Published: May 2004

Reviews the changing roles, needs and responsibilities in
health‐care facilities management, by examining challenging key
elements, such as contracting out; patient care and quality management
systems. Suggests that a sharper focus is needed on patient care and
that the solution lies in the development of a commercial partnership.
Offers possible formats for such a partnership to take.
Redefining strategic facilities planning
Authors: Pertz Stuart
Published: May 2004

Reports on a comprehensive study of the real estate and facilities
groups of 20 US organizations. Reviews character, growth, age, finance
and structure for example. Offers facilities issues as critical in
affecting investment decisions, operational efficiency and cultural
attitudes, which in turn can create a comprehensive view of the
corporate condition. Argues that this gives a broad view of the
organization and insight for today′s needs and tomorrow′s limitations.
Precise monitoring of public buildings
Authors: Cowling Phil
Published: May 2004

Reviews the approaches to managing Merry Hill Centre, the second
largest shopping centre in Europe which presents problems in standards
of maintenance and customer comfort, particularly when reducing energy
consumption forms part of the management equation. States that a strict
regime of monitoring and targeting has shown that exceptionally high
standards of maintenance can be achieved, together with energy savings,
and all to the benefit of Merry Hill′s 260 retail outlets and 25 million
customers.
Performance measures: relating facilities to business indicators
Authors: Tranfield David , Akhlaghi Fari
Published: May 2004

Throughout the 1980s and into the 1990s, manufacturing companies
have adopted a wide variety of performance‐improvement programmes. Such
approaches have resulted in productivity gains for some companies,
although the UK still has few world‐class performers. Despite huge
investment in performance‐improvement programmes, competitive advantage
for many British companies still remains elusive. Looks at recent
developments in thinking which have begun to shed light on why this is
happening. Discusses flaws in the widely‐adopted competitive‐forces
model and considers the strategic‐capabilities approach as an
alternative and potentially crucial model. In the context of the whole
organization, it is claimed that the role of facilities management has
evolved from merely helping the organization survive, to acting to
enhance its potential to prosper in a volatile commercial climate. Thus
the challenge for facilities management is indeed the same challenge
facing the organization.
Network technology: potential applications within facilities
management
Authors: Kirkwood John S.
Published: May 2004

Investigates information as the most important resource of the
facilities manager. Proposes that without up‐to‐date, accurate
information, facilities managers would not be able to function
effectively. Considers the role of information technology in this
process. Examines some of the benefits of network technology for the
facilities manager. Concludes that networking technology is altering the
way that facilities management operates in practice, indicating that it
is a positive innovation.
Ensuring value for money in FM contract services
Authors: Akhlaghi Fari
Published: May 2004

During 1994‐1995, work carried out by the author as Head of Unit for Facilities Management Research at Sheffield Hallam University has opened the way for the creation of a new approach to support service management and contracting that could potentially revolutionize the customers’ ability to ensure value for money from facilities management (FM) internal and outsourced contracts. Introduces the concepts of “living contracts” and “moving specification”, using FM in the UK National Health Service as an example. New management tools and methods based on the approach are currently being implemented in a number of contract situations with very positive early results. Describes some of the principles of the approach. Future work will aim to expose some of the early findings from the field data.
Cost‐effective facilities management: a practical approach
Authors: Williams Bernard
Published: May 2004

Investigates the cost effectiveness of facilities management in relation to the contribution which it makes to bottom‐line profits. Concludes that fully cost‐effective facilities can only be achieved where independent benchmarking exists and this leads to a facilities policy.
Developments in the management of facilities at large corporations
Authors: Hans Brat J.M.
Published: May 2004

Discusses developments in the organization, management and process of supplying supporting facilities and services to improve methods of handling businesses. Uses DSM, an international chemical corporation in Limburg, The Netherlands, as an example. Investigates its activities and local organization. Concludes that development is well on the way, with an ultimate goal of a change for the better in professionalization and commercialization of companies.
Proactive outsourcing ‐ a strategic partnership: Rank Xerox Technical Centre
Authors: Houston Angie , Youngs Gary
Published: May 2004

Examines the outsourced facilities management operations at the Rank Xerox Technical Centre ‐ the flagship European Research and Development Centre for the Document Company, providing expertise in document processing to 129 countries worldwide. Demonstrates the proactive role taken by the FM company, CBX Ltd, in developing FM strategies and operations which support RX business objectives at this prestigious site. Details the parameters around which successful FM is implemented and measured. Provides performance indicators to assess the approach against benchmark levels in key FM categories.
How to approach process benchmarking in facilities management: catering services in the UK National Health Service
Authors: Akhlaghi Fari
Published: May 2004

Based largely on a series of reports and written guidelines to NHS trust members of the Unit for Facilities Management Research Health Service Forum who took part in a comprehensive and collaborative “catering benchmarking” exercise. Aims to introduce the concept of “process benchmarking” in the context of facilities services and demonstrate the relevance and use of generic process analysis. Also aims to assist those who wish to become involved in such exercises by guiding them at the planning, information gathering and analysis stages.
Responding to the challenge: a professional services perspective
Authors: Jones Oliver J.
Published: May 2004

States that recent rapid changes affecting the UK building industry require that the sector introduces increased efficiencies, innovations and cost reductions. Addresses the historical perspective and identifies why many building firms are resistant to change. Analyses the primary change drivers faced by all. Presents a view on the initiatives that will constitute the way forward. Outlines further steps industry leaders will need to take.
Capital allowances and information retrieval systems
Authors: Llewellyn Tony
Published: May 2004

Argues that facilities managers can no longer ignore specialist areas such as capital allowance. Explains what capital allowances are and looks at the issues involved in making a claim. Highlights the need for a sound information retrieval system and covers the problems likely to be encountered in setting up such a system.
Current space use strategies and churn management
Authors: Pratt Keith
Published: May 2004

Posits that facilities managers face a challenge on all fronts, especially with regard to use of space, and itemizes the possible, helpful solutions to this. Concludes that space, time and, most importantly, the process linking them will produce the best solutions.
Controlling Software Development Costs
Authors: Morgan Malcolm J.
Published: May 2004

Identifies the magnitude and importance of the level of software
development costs in a modern high‐technology manufacturing environment.
Analyses the variety of cost control practices as evidenced in the
English‐language journals. Develops a holistic feed‐forward control
model using the Japanese management accounting technique of target
costing. Examines the relevance of each technique in relation to its
most cost‐effective role and predicts that target costing will be widely
adopted in the near future.
Guest editorial: The IMP Group and international marketing
Authors: Ford David
Published: May 2004

This paper introduces the special issue on the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) Group and international marketing. The history and aims of the IMP Group are briefly discussed, and the papers in this issue, taken from the IMP Group's annual conference, are introduced.
International business‐relationship triads
Authors: Havila Virpi , Johanson Jan , Thilenius Peter
Published: May 2004

This paper addresses the question of whether the dyadic approach to international business relationships should, in some situations, be extended to a triadic one. In studies of business relationships the common view is that the relationship consists of two parties, one selling party and one buying party. However, in some, especially international business relationships an intermediary exists that has contact with both the selling party and the buying party, at the same time as the selling party and the buying party also have direct contact with each other, i.e. these relationships are triadic by nature. The purpose here is to investigate whether a triadic approach should be used in these types of situations. The empirical analysis is based on a subset of the database established within the IMP2‐project. The analysis of the data material was done using LISREL. Trust and commitment, two central concepts in studies within the field of business‐to‐business research, are used to investigate whether business‐relationship triads are different from business‐relationship dyads. The results indicate that this is very much the case.
Activating trust: the redefinition of roles and relationships in an international construction project
Authors: Huemer Lars
Published: May 2004

This paper deals with trust processes in interorganizational relationships, specifically the ambiguous link between trust and predictability. Using an empirical case study, the paper focuses on when actors, participating in an international construction project, begin working according to a new and unfamiliar contract. The paper suggests that trust may be activated in different ways. This has consequences for its link to predictability and how trust relates to various forms of routines and learning.
Values, trust, and commitment in business‐to‐business relationships
Authors: Zabkar Vesna , Makovec Brencic Maja
Published: May 2004

Presents the results of an international marketing research, in which they integrate culture with manifestation of values, trust, and commitment as vital components of business‐to‐business relationships. Analyses trust, relationship commitment, and values in the context of business relationships in two former Yugoslav markets, Serbia and Croatia. The results from a survey of over 400 large‐ and medium‐sized companies show that Serbian firms evaluate trust and relationship commitment as more important than Croatian companies. Differences in evaluations of values, trust, and commitment for business‐to‐business relationships are explained as outcomes of culture and market situations. These findings provide companies with action menus of potential advantages to pursue for maintaining and developing business relationships.
Organizational commitment: a mediator of the relationships of leadership behavior with job satisfaction and performance in a non‐western country
Authors: Yousef Darwish A.
Published: May 2004

This article investigates the potential mediating role of organizational commitment in the relationships of leadership behavior with the work outcomes of job satisfaction and job performance in a non‐western country where multiculturalism is a dominant feature of the workforce. It also explores the moderating effects of national culture on the relationships of leadership behavior with organizational commitment, job satisfaction and job performance in such a setting. Results suggest (in support of many western studies) that those who perceive their superiors as adopting consultative or participative leadership behavior are more committed to their organizations, more satisfied with their jobs, and their performance is high. The results also indicate that national culture moderates the relationship of leadership behavior with job satisfaction.
Consumer Behaviour as an Evolutionary Process
Authors: Foxall Gordon R.
Published: May 2004

The growth of knowledge in marketing requires alternative
interpretations of consumer behaviour to the prevailing trait and
information processing models derived from structural psychology.
Consumer behaviour may be construed as environmentally determined, an
evolutionary process in which the replication of patterns of choice is
explained by the metaprinciple of selection by consequences. Describes
briefly the Behavioural Perspective Model of purchase and consumption
(BPM) and applies it in some detail to the communication of innovations.
Discusses the role of interpretation in consumer science.
The Hidden Crisis in Product‐harm Crisis Management
Authors: Siomkos George J. , Kurzbard Gary
Published: May 2004

Investigates the conventional wisdom concerning consumer responses
associated with product defect during a product‐harm crisis. Reports on
an experiment relying primarily on three generally recognized factors:
company′s reputation, external effects from regulatory agencies and the
press, and organizational responses. Shows that over‐reliance on these
areas may mask hidden variables which can prove counterproductive to
crisis abatement.
Female Body‐shape in Print Advertisements and the Increase in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Fay Michael , Price Christopher
Published: May 2004

It is widely believed that contemporary female fashion and advertising models are thinner than those of the 1950s and it has been suggested that the use of thin models in advertisements is causally linked to the increased incidence of anorexia nervosa. Reports on a study to quantify the changes in the body‐shape and weight of female models in New Zealand print advertisements over the period of 1958‐88. The findings confirmed that advertising models became thinner and less curvaceous over the period studied, resulting in contemporary models being approximately 8.5kg lighter than they would be if they had the same body‐shape as models of the early 1960s. To achieve the currently fashionable body‐shape, a young woman of average height would weigh approximately 42kg, which is far below the recommended level for good health. Visually, the changes in body‐shape have been accentuated by changes in pose and camera angle, presenting an image of a body‐shape that is unattainable.
Export marketing: conceptual and empirical developments
Authors: Young Stephen
Published: May 2004

Provides an overview of the special issue of the European
Journal of Marketing on “Export marketing”. Five basic
questions to be answered in the export marketing area are identified.
The articles in this special issue should provide a significant stimulus
to further conceptual thinking addressed at these export decisions.
Discusses policy implications. Developments in policy models await
parallel developments in models of export decisions and processes.
Evidence for Turkish industrial salespeople
Authors: Mengüç Bülent
Published: May 2004

Considers the effect of effort on sales performance and job satisfaction in the context of Turkish industrial salespeople. Proposes a conceptual model in which competitiveness, instrumentality, role conflict, and role ambiguity are direct antecedents to effort and indirect antecedents to satisfaction and performance. Tests the proposed model with LISREL VII. Claims the results suggest that: competitiveness, instrumentality, role ambiguity, and role conflict have direct effects on salesperson effort: that role ambiguity, role conflict, and effort have direct effects on job satisfaction; that competitiveness and effort have direct effects on salesperson performance; that salesperson performance has a direct effect on job satisfaction, and that competitiveness, instrumentality, role conflict, and role ambiguity have indirect effects on a salesperson’s performance and/or job satisfaction.
International direct marketing strategies: a US‐European comparison
Authors: Iyer Ramesh T. , Hill John S.
Published: May 2004

International direct marketing has been around a long time in both the USA and western Europe. Yet both industries have evolved under different sets of circumstances. This 140‐company examination of US‐European international direct marketing strategies shows that US strategies seem to be affected by their relative geographic isolation, and tend towards standardization of foreign marketing mixes. European companies are generally more experienced international direct marketers and tend to be frequent adapters of non‐product elements of the marketing mix.
Turkish industrial purchasing managers’ perceptions of foreign and national industrial suppliers
Authors: Gül Güdüm A. , Kavas Alican
Published: May 2004

Examines how Turkish industrial purchasing managers perceive US, Japanese, German and national suppliers. Indicates that German and Japanese suppliers are perceived more favourably in their marketing practices. Turkish industrial buyers’ willingness to buy from these suppliers is in agreement with how they perceive these suppliers. Factor analysis of the attitudinal statements used in the study groups the features of the suppliers in four categories.
The relationship of political marketing to political lobbying
Authors: Andrews Leighton
Published: May 2004

Notes that political marketing has become the subject of an increasing number of academic publications, but the subject of marketing a business proposition to a political audience such as government ‐ political lobbying ‐ has received less attention in this literature. Marketing business to government is generally evaluated more in the context of impact on legislators and regulators ‐ how to sell a case in political terms ‐ than from the point of view of the wide range of pressures on a business organizing itself to do so. Argues that the principles and ways of analysing the development of a political campaign have direct application to the analysis of lobbying campaigns. Examines in outline the successful 1993 bid by Devonport Management Ltd for the Trident refitting contract, drawing some lessons on the development of a specific lobbying campaign from the point of view of a business, employing concepts recognizable to marketing professionals. Describes the process of development of the Devonport “product”, the formulation and implementation of strategy and the monitoring and control of that strategy. Draws some conclusions about the lessons for successful development of a lobbying campaign to government by business, and proposes a research agenda is. Re‐emphasizing the importance of political marketing to business requires the recognition that Parliament is only one of a number of forums for activity and successful lobbying depends on an understanding of all these forums drawing on a range of analytical business skills. Seeks to illustrate some connections between the disciplines of marketing, political communications and lobbying.
Cybermarketscapes and consumer freedoms and identities
Authors: Venkatesh Alladi
Published: May 2004

When examining the issue of consumers in cyberspace, there appear to be two recurring narratives. One refers to the unidimensional perspective of marketing and how marketing tries to annex the cyberspace and regards the consumer as fair game in its profit‐seeking enterprise. The second narrative views consumers as trying to use cyberspace as a place to exercise their freedoms, establish their identities and use the cyberspace as a lifeworld in a Habermasian sense. This paper is an attempt to explicate this tension.
Correspondence item
Authors: Kiernan P.
Published: May 2004

Discusses the 2‐D minimum free energy (MFE) parameter and spectral estimation method and presents an algorithm for its implementation. Notes a profound lack of results in the literature on 2‐D spectral estimation methods and on their comparison. To address this issue and to impart an overall impression of the performance of 2‐D MFE, compares results from the Levinson method, a maximum entropy method (MEM), and a hybrid method with 2‐D MFE. Points out that 2‐D MFE can provide superior spectral estimates to that produced with MEM and that, in general, MFE requires a larger area of correlation support than the hybrid method. Also notes that 2‐D MFE can provide superior spectral estimation over the 2‐D Levinson algorithm.
Topology and performance of superconducting magnetic bearings
Authors: Canders W.‐R. , May H. , Palka R.
Published: May 2004

The paper presents different topologies of inherent stable magnetic support systems consisting of monolithic high temperature superconductors (HTSC) and permanent magnets (PM). They may be used as contactless magnetic bearings for high speed rotating machines. Depending on the application, cylindric, conic or disk shaped HTSC‐PM arrangements with increased both radial and/or axial forces and stiffnesses are proposed. The dependencies of optimal pole pitch on the air gap are given including the effects of limited current densities associated with the behaviour of real monolithic superconductors. Furthermore, the effect of zero field and maximum field frozen HTSCs on the performance of magnetic HTSC bearings are represented. To compute the magnetic HTSC‐PM interaction a new extended finite element (EFEM) program is applied.
The Cartesian composition of fuzzy finite state machines
Authors: Malik D.S. , Mordeson J.N. , Sen M.K.
Published: May 2004

Studies the concept of the Cartesian composition of fuzzy finite state machines. Shows that fuzzy finite state machines and their Cartesian composition share many structural properties. Some of these properties are singly generated; retrievability, connectedness, strong connectedness, commutativity, perfection and state independence. Thus a fuzzy finite state machine which is a Cartesian composition of submachines can be studied in terms of smaller machines.
Modelling of a system boundary
Authors: Cao Hong‐Xing
Published: May 2004

A type of system boundary, e.g. a membrane in biology, a castle in sociology, a typhoon eye in meteorology and a skin and fur on an animal body, is defined as a shell (jieke in Chinese), if the system boundary plays roles of both defending the system and exchanging between the system and its environment. Investigates the system boundary. Derives the entropy balance equation of the shell and deduces the criterion of the exchange ratio entropy which carries material out through the shell of the system from the second law of thermodynamics of the system. Also derives a dynamic equation of the shell from control theory and gives an application of the equation to immigration control by the customs.
From cybernetics to the science of complexity
Authors: van Dijkum Cor
Published: May 2004

Cybernetics started when Wiener stated that not only observations but also the way the observer feeds them back into reality are part of science. Dynamic system analysis supported the art and science of steering with feedback by computer modelling techniques. Cybernetics introduced the question of how self‐reference functioned in the feedback between observer and models. This led to the idea of cybernetics of the second order. Analyses the logic of feedback and how it relates to the question of how logical, mathematical and linguistic instruments can articulate scientific observations and connected theories. Uses the concept of complexity to relate cybernetics to the interdisciplinary practice of modern science. Presents the notion of “strangification” as a concept by which the transfer of knowledge from one discipline to another can be better understood and facilitated.
A commercial software approach to workstation security
Authors: Marmion Dan
Published: May 2004

Uses the experience of Western Michigan University to consider ways of eliminating deliberate misuse of public library systems. Outlines the use of Fortes 101, an Integrity Kiosk, WinBatch and WinU covering both cost and staff resources. Covers the changes made as the university introduces Windows 95 to its network.
After the break‐in occurs: how to handle the student hacker
Authors: Muir Scott
Published: May 2004

Outlines the experience of the University of Alabama when a hacker bypassed the preventative security measures of the library management system and accessed the operating system. Discusses how the break‐in occurred, how the hacker was identified and what actions were taken. Concludes that each system will have to decide what direction to take if such a break‐in occurred, suggesting measures such as employing a full‐time investigator for hackers.
To catch a hacker
Authors: German Greg
Published: May 2004

Presents the experience of the Ohio Library and Information Network, OhioLINK, when a group of hackers accessed the system in 1994. Discusses the identification and collection of evidence before briefly outlining the learnings from this attack. Concludes the process of catching a hacker is time consuming but the willingness to investigate and prosecute can deter many amateurs.
Give yourself a break; don’t give the hackers one
Authors: Rosaschi Jim
Published: May 2004

Discusses the experience of Sonoma County Library when a hacker accessed the network and caused chaos to the maintenance of the system. Covers the effect of the hacker, the setting of a trap to catch the individual, the use of passwords and the methods used to identify the intruder. Outlines the hole which was subsequently found in the system and presents what was learned from the experience.
The Internet Scout project
Authors: Calcari Susan
Published: May 2004

Outlines the problem of using the Internet as an information source. Profiles the Internet Scout project, which attempts to provide current, selective pointers to the best resources on the Internet, particularly for those in higher education. Discusses the background, aims, accessibility, design and construction, organization content and future direction of the project.
Internet school library media center
Authors: Ramsey Inez L.
Published: May 2004

Profiles the development of the Internet School Library Media Center at James Madison University, Virginia. Covers the motives for creation, content selection and the role of the information specialist. Compares this with its uses for the teaching role and goes on to describe the technical design of the Web site together with useful observations into this area.
Browsing your virtual library: the case of Expanding Universe
Authors: Daniels Wayne
Published: May 2004

Outlines the Web site, Expanding Universe, maintained by the Metropolitan Toronto Reference Library which is essentially a subject specific link library using the Dewey decimalization system to organize astronomy hotlinks. Discusses the origins of the project, the problems it tried to address, the manner of its compilation adn design, growth of the system lessons learnt and future plans for development.