bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histopathologic Features of Acral Skin Biopsies in Dermatomyositis Patients and Comparison to Histopathologic Features in Non‐Acral Biopsies
Authors: Cassard Lydia , Ali Firdous , Flatley Elizabeth M. , Fernandez Anthony Patrick
Published: January 2025

Background

Acral lesions may represent the best/only skin lesions to biopsy in patients suspected to have dermatomyositis (DM). However, histopathologic features of acral DM skin lesions are poorly characterized.

Methods

We reviewed 50 acral biopsies from 46 DM patients and assessed numerous histopathologic features. The majority of biopsies (42/50; 84%) were sampled from either Gottron papules or signs. We compared histopathologic features in acral biopsies to those in 197 non‐acral DM skin biopsies. We also compared histopathologic features in acral biopsies based on the presence of various clinical features.

Results

Interface dermatitis, dyskeratotic keratinocytes, and superficial perivascular inflammation were common in DM acral biopsies. However, the absence of > 1 hallmark histopathologic feature (interface dermatitis, dyskeratosis, dermal mucin) was relatively common (56%). The presence of all three hallmark histopathologic features was significantly more likely in non‐acral compared with acral DM biopsies (68% vs. 44%; p = 0.0021). The hallmark histopathologic feature most commonly lacking in acral compared with non‐acral biopsies was increased dermal mucin. Histopathologic features in acral biopsies did not significantly differ based on acral location, DM subtype, therapeutic regimen, or myositis‐associated/myositis‐specific antibody status.

Conclusions

Pathologists should recognize that acral biopsies in DM patients may lack hallmark histopathologic features commonly seen in biopsies from non‐acral locations.
Molecular Delimitation of Evolutionary Significant Units Reveals Hidden Geographic Drivers of Extinction Risk Within Island Arthropods
Authors: Jiménez‐García Eduardo , Suárez Daniel , Andújar Carmelo , López Heriberto , Emerson Brent C.
Published: January 2025

Aim

Globally, arthropod biodiversity is under threat, with increased risk of species‐level extinctions, and this threat is particularly acute on oceanic islands. A fundamental first step towards understanding extinction risk is to understand genetic connectivity among the constituent populations of a species. Our aim is to develop and implement a protocol to characterise genetic connectivity among island populations within arthropod species to reveal otherwise hidden range size drivers of extinction.

Location

Canary Islands, Spain.

Methods

We implement a protocol based on mtDNA sequence data for the delimitation of evolutionary significant units (ESUs) to evaluate extinction risk among species of beetle and spider distributed across multiple islands.

Results

Our results reveal that more than half of the species analysed are comprised of two or more ESUs. We also find that low dispersal ability was a significant predictor of ESUs within species of Coleoptera, but with no significant difference for Araneae.

Main Conclusions

Most ESUs are consistent with early stage differentiation or incipient speciation, with some exceeding a conservative interspecific threshold, thus indicative of cryptic species. We suggest that extending our approach with the integration of other species‐level traits may provide for a more refined predictive framework for understanding extinction risks across island arthropod species.
Evaluation of Long‐Term Clinical and Radiographic Prognosis of Avulsed Teeth: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ozturk Sheikholaemeh Nilay , Sengul Fatih
Published: January 2025

Background/Aim

Avulsion injuries have an uncertain prognosis. This study aims to evaluate periodontal ligament healing patterns and factors affecting the survival of replanted avulsed teeth.

Materials and Methods

In this retrospective study, data from 204 avulsed teeth in 143 children (mean age: 9.6 ± 2 years) who sustained avulsion injuries were reviewed. Primary teeth, non‐replanted permanent teeth, and cases with follow‐up shorter than 60 days were excluded. Data analysis included 60 replanted permanent teeth from 41 patients (18 girls and 23 boys), with a follow‐up period ranging from 2 to 147 months. Collected data covered age, gender, extra‐alveolar storage time, root development stage, and periodontal ligament healing patterns. Statistical analysis was performed on the data.

Results

Avulsion injuries predominantly occurred during outdoor activities (n = 22, 59.5%), followed by school (n = 10, 27%) and home (n = 5, 13.5%). The main causes were falls (n = 20, 50%), bicycle accidents (n = 6, 15%), sports injuries (n = 5, 12.5%), traffic accidents (n = 2, 5%), and violence (n = 1, 2.5%). Among replanted teeth, 51.7% were immature. Treatments included root canal therapy (n = 30, 50%), apexification (n = 12, 20%), and regeneration (n = 2, 3.3%), while 16 teeth received no treatment. Inflammatory resorption was not observed in teeth replanted within 1 h of injury (8.4%). Functional healing/ankylosis was observed in 14 (23.3%) of the replanted teeth, replacement resorption in 40 (66.7%), and inflammatory resorption in 6 (10%). Replacement resorption affected 66.7% of the replanted teeth, with 62.5% lost over time. Functional healing/ankylosis was more common in mature teeth, while inflammatory resorption was higher in immature teeth. According to Kaplan–Meier estimated survival curves, the survival rate during the 5‐year observation period was 47.5%. Survival times were longer in boys and in mature teeth (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Gender and root development stages were observed to significantly impact the prognosis of replanted avulsed teeth.
A Novel Team‐Based Approach to Oral Diagnosis Education: Case of the Week
Authors: Al‐Rawi Natheer H. , Al Kawas Sausan , Mohammed Marwan M. , Taha Wael , Hamdan Ahmad M.
Published: January 2025

Background

Traditional oral diagnosis education often relies on passive lectures and individual case assessments. Team‐based learning (TBL) offers an interactive alternative, but implementation challenges can exist. The ‘Case of the Week (COW)’ method presents a potentially modified TBL approach for oral diagnosis education.

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the COW method in enhancing student engagement for acquiring knowledge and diagnostic skills in oral diagnosis. Additionally, we seek to explore its impact on promoting teamwork and collaboration among students, as well as assessing overall student satisfaction with this learning approach.

Methods

Students were invited to participate in a post‐COW questionnaire. This questionnaire utilised a five‐point Likert scale to gather student ratings across five distinct domains: Knowledge acquisition, Learning environment, Student preparedness for assessment, Student preparedness as a clinician and overall student experience with the COW activity.

Results

The response rate was 75%, with 140 responses gathered from two groups of 70 students in each. The majority of students found COW activity valuable for acquiring knowledge (intellectual stimulation, critical thinking), teamwork and presentation skills and creating a comfortable learning environment. Furthermore, students indicated that the COW was more effective than traditional lectures in preparing them for future clinical practice. Furthermore, students reported that the COW motivated independent learning, facilitated research skills development and enhanced communication abilities.

Conclusion

The COW method has the potential to be an effective and engaging modified TBL approach for oral diagnosis education. By fostering knowledge acquisition, promoting teamwork and enhancing student satisfaction, it offers a dynamic and impactful learning experience.
Do we Need to Perform Bone Marrow Examination in all Subjects Suspected of MDS? Evaluation and Validation of Non‐Invasive (Web‐Based) Diagnostic Algorithm
Authors: Oster Howard S. , Polakow Ariel M. , Gat Roi , Goldschmidt Noa , Ben‐Ezra Jonathan , Mittelman Moshe
Published: January 2025

Background

Bone marrow examination (BME) is the gold standard of diagnosing myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Problems: it is invasive, painful, causing possible bleeding, inaccurate (aspirate hemodilution), and subjective (inter‐observer interpretation discordance). We developed non‐invasive diagnostic tools: A logistic regression formula [LeukRes 2018], then a web algorithm using 10 variables (age, gender, Hb, MCV, WBC, ANC, monocytes, PLT, glucose, creatinine) to diagnose/exclude MDS [BldAdv 2021]. Here, we perform external validation of the model.

Methods

From the TASMC BM registry (2019–22) we identified and compared the model performance between MDS patients and controls (> 50 year with unexplained anemia, not MDS), all BME diagnosed, and not used in model building.

Results

The model was accurate and predicted MDS in 63% of 103 patients, and excluded (correctly) in 83% of 101 controls. It miss‐classified in 11%/7% respectively, and was indeterminate in 26%/10% respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV), NPV, sensitivity, and specificity (excluding the indeterminate group) were 90%, 88%, 86%, and 92%, respectively. Subgroup (Lower/higher risk, LR/HR) analysis results were similar.

Conclusions

The MDS diagnostic model was validated and can be used, mainly for MDS exclusion, especially in suspected LR‐MDS, avoiding BME in some patients. In the future incorporating peripheral blood genetics and morphometry can further improve the model.
The effect of epilepsy surgery on tonic–clonic seizures
Authors: Alcala‐Zermeno Juan Luis , Romozzi Marina , Sperling Michael R.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Epilepsy surgery outcomes tend to be judged by the percentage in seizure reduction without considering the effect on specific seizure types, particularly tonic–clonic seizures, which produce the greatest morbidity and mortality. We assess how often focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures (BTCS) stop and how often they appear de novo after epilepsy surgery.

Methods

Analysis of a prospectively maintained epilepsy surgery database between 1986 and 2022 that characterizes the burden of BTCS after resective epilepsy surgery. Patients were stratified according to presence or absence of preoperative BTCS and whether these were active (defined as ≥1 BTCS/year prior to surgery) or remote.

Results

A total of 804 patients were followed for a median of 7 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 3–13 years) after epilepsy surgery, most being temporal lobe resections (91%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 89–93%). At last visit, 72% of patients (95% CI = 69–75%) were seizure‐free for 1 year or more. Of 521 patients with preoperative BTCS, 300 (58%, 95% CI = 53%–61%) no longer had them after surgery. BTCS recurred in 221 patients, but 128 of them (58%, 95% CI = 51%–64%) had no BTCS in the last year of follow‐up. Those patients who continued to experience BTCS after surgery had a median reduction of 92% in yearly BTCS frequency (IQR = 65%–98%, p < .001). Of 283 patients with no preoperative BTCS, 17 developed de novo BTCS (6%, 95% CI = 4%–9%), with a median of 2 BTCS during the entire follow‐up period. Forty‐seven percent (95% CI = 42%–53%) of patients without preoperative BTCS became seizure‐free after surgery, compared with 33% (95% CI = 29–37, p < .001) of patients with preoperative BTCS.

Significance

Epilepsy surgery markedly reduces or eliminates BTCS, which should have a potential positive impact on morbidity and mortality. This favors offering surgery even if the chance of seizure freedom is not high and calls for a new surgical outcome scale to factor in seizure severity reduction.
Mating May Enhance Rapid Formation of Stable Pair Bonds in the Monogamous California Mouse
Authors: Roy Robert , Hammerdahl Elsa , Sage Andrew , Becker Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2025

Pair bonds are a hallmark of many monogamous species, yet in the monogamous California mouse (Peromyscus californicus) pair‐bond formation is poorly understood. While pair bonds are often assumed to be present after a week of cohabitation, when they actually form in this species is debated. To characterize pair bond latency in California mice, we conducted three‐chamber partner preference tests for both males and females following 1, 3, 5, or 7 days of cohabitation. Since copulation may contribute to pair‐bond formation, animals were paired when females were in estrus and were assessed continuously throughout the cohabitation period for copulatory behavior. We found evidence of pair bonds after 24 h of cohabitation for both sexes with no significant changes in partner preference behaviors across cohabitation periods. Focal animals spent more time in the partner's chamber, were more affiliative toward the partner than the stranger and displayed more aggressive behavior toward the stranger. Affiliative behaviors were consistent between the sexes, while males attacked the stranger more frequently and for longer durations than females. Pairs that copulated prior to partner‐preference testing spent more time in the partner's chamber and more time huddling, licking, and grooming their mate than those that did not copulate. We conclude that although copulation may not be necessary for pair‐bond formation, sexual receptivity at time of pairing is important for the development of these social relationships and that copulation may serve to enhance pair bonds in California mice.
Controlling enzyme activity by mutagenesis and metal exchange to obtain crystal structures of stable substrate complexes of Class 3 l‐asparaginase
Authors: Pokrywka Kinga , Grzechowiak Marta , Sliwiak Joanna , Worsztynowicz Paulina , Loch Joanna I. , Ruszkowski Milosz , Gilski Miroslaw , Jaskolski Mariusz
Published: January 2025

Rhizobium etli is a nitrogen‐fixing bacterium that encodes two l‐asparaginases. The structure of the inducible R. etli asparaginase ReAV has been recently determined to reveal a protein with no similarity to known enzymes with l‐asparaginase activity, but showing a curious resemblance to glutaminases and β‐lactamases. The uniqueness of the ReAV sequence and 3D structure make the enzyme an interesting candidate as potential replacement for the immunogenic bacterial‐type asparaginases that are currently in use for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The detailed catalytic mechanism of ReAV is still unknown; therefore, the enzyme was subjected to mutagenetic experiments to investigate its catalytic apparatus. In this work, we generated two ReAV variants of the conserved Lys138 residue (K138A and K138H) that is involved in zinc coordination in the wild‐type protein and studied them kinetically and structurally. We established that the activity of wild‐type ReAV and the generated variants is significantly reduced in the presence of Cd2+ cations, which slow down the proteins while improving their apparent substrate affinity. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of Cd2+ is enhanced by the substitutions of Lys138, which disrupt the metal coordination sphere. The proteins with impaired activity but increased affinity were cocrystallized with the L‐Asn substrate. Here, we present the crystal structures of wild‐type ReAV and its K138A and K138H variants, unambiguously revealing bound l‐asparagine in the active site. After careful analysis of the stereochemistry of the nucleophilic attack, we assign the role of the primary nucleophile of ReAV to Ser48. Furthermore, we propose that the reaction catalyzed by ReAV proceeds according to a double‐displacement mechanism.
Appropriateness of lumbar spine imaging in patients presenting to the emergency department with low back pain in a Western Australian tertiary hospital
Authors: Mau Aaron W. K. , Keen Helen I. , Hill Catherine L. , Buchbinder Rachelle
Published: January 2025

Background

The Australian Rheumatology Association identified the use of imaging in patients with low back pain without indication of serious pathology as a low‐value practice.

Aims

To determine the appropriateness of diagnostic lumbar spine imaging requests in patients with low back pain presenting to a Western Australian hospital's emergency department.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of all adult patients (18 years and older) who presented with low back pain to the Fiona Stanley Hospital emergency department from 1 July 2020 to 31 December 2020. The appropriateness of the imaging requests was judged using the American College of Radiology's Appropriateness Criteria. The number and proportion of appropriate and inappropriate lumbar spine imaging requests were reported overall and by imaging modality together with reasons for the judgements.

Results

A total of 1459 patients were included. Three hundred eight patients (21.1%) received lumbar spine imaging requests, with 350 diagnostic imaging requests eligible for analysis. Two hundred eighty (80.0%) imaging requests were judged to be appropriate (194/253 (76.7%) plain radiographs, 57/66 (86.4%) computed tomography, 29/31 (93.5%) magnetic resonance imaging). The most common reasons for an appropriate imaging request were suspected vertebral fracture (n = 223, 79.6%), followed by malignancy (n = 26, 9.3%). Of the 70 inappropriate imaging requests, 62 (88.6%) requests occurred in the absence of alerting features and eight (11.4%) requests were the wrong choice of modality.

Conclusions

Four in five lumbar spine imaging requests for investigating low back pain were appropriate. Of the inappropriate requests, the most common reason was the absence of alerting features, while a small number were the incorrect imaging modality.
Technological Competence in Formal Education Collaborative Maker Projects: An Epistemic Network Analysis
Authors: Niinimäki Niina , Sormunen Kati , Seitamaa‐Hakkarainen Pirita , Davies Sini , Kangas Kaiju
Published: January 2025

Background

Implementing maker education in schools is on the rise, fuelled by its potential to move formal education towards a creative, technology‐driven 21st century learning culture. In maker education, collaborative learning takes place through and around various digital and traditional technologies, which provide the means for students' creative activities. However, research is scarce on how maker education promotes students' technological competence and how students develop different features of that competence.

Objectives

This study investigates the learning of technological competence in formal education collaborative maker projects focusing on designing and making electronic textiles (e‐textiles).

Methods

The data consisted of student teams' discourse from classroom video data, in which five 7th‐grade student teams (3–6 students/team, 13‐ to 14‐year‐olds) were engaged in designing and making e‐textiles. Their discourse was categorised into five technology dimensions—crafting, designing, engineering, programming, and documenting—and epistemic network analysis was used to model the co‐occurrences of the dimensions.

Results and Conclusions

All five technology dimensions were present in four of the five teams, but the learning outcomes—that is, the emphasis and connections of the dimensions—varied between the teams. Learning was promoted when technology was used as means for joint construction of knowledge objects but hindered when viewed only as tool for task execution. The results indicate that collaborative maker projects enable the learning of comprehensive technological competence including knowledge and skills related to both digital and traditional technologies. However, implementing a maker project in schools is insufficient to guarantee that all technology dimensions will be addressed.
Parental psychopathology before and after the child's diagnosis of a mental disorder: a population‐based matched cohort study
Authors: Chatwin Hannah , Holde Katrine , Wimberley Theresa , Dalsgaard Søren , Petersen Liselotte Vogdrup
Published: January 2025

Background

More research is needed to understand psychopathology among parents of children with mental disorders in the years before and after the child is diagnosed. Here, we estimated the risk of mental disorders and psychotropic medication use in parents of children with versus without mental disorders and the temporal associations between child and parental psychopathology.

Methods

We conducted a population‐based matched cohort study using Danish register data. The study population included child–parent pairs of all children diagnosed with a mental disorder of interest (attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, anxiety disorder, mood disorder, eating disorder, substance use disorder, and schizophrenia spectrum disorder) by 18 years of age during the period 1999–2014 and a matched reference population. Each child with a diagnosis was matched to 10 children of the same sex and birth year who had not been diagnosed with the mental disorder of interest. For all parents, we estimated the yearly incidence proportion of parental mental disorders and prescriptions for psychotropic medications 4 years before and after the child's diagnosis.

Results

We observed a substantially increased risk of mental disorders and psychotropic medication use among parents of children with a mental disorder, compared to the reference population. On average, parents of children with a diagnosis had twice the odds of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and prescriptions for anti‐depressants and anti‐psychotics. The incidence of mood and anxiety disorders peaked in the 1–2 years before and after the child's diagnosis. The incidence of parental prescriptions for psychotropic medications (particularly anti‐psychotics) peaked in the year the child was diagnosed and in the 3 years before the child's diagnosis for anti‐depressants and sleep medications.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates clear temporal associations between child and parental psychopathology, with parental psychopathology peaking in the years immediately before and after the child's diagnosis.
Book Translations From Chinese to English: The Center–Periphery Relationship in the World System of Book Translations
Authors: Wu Jing
Published: January 2025

By collating and analyzing various datasets, this paper gives a statistical overview of the flow of Chinese to English book translations, analyzing the asymmetrical structure of the global flow of book translations and the positions of Chinese and English within it. It firstly portrays the asymmetries of China/Chinese and Anglo‐American countries/English in the international exchange of book translations and in the copyright trade, reviewing the center–periphery relationship between Chinese and English in the international book market. Based on UK national book statistics, it then illustrates the general picture of the production of Chinese books translated in English in the UK, analyzing the publishing trends from 1949 to 2020, Chinese translated books published in the UK, and publishers involved in translating from Chinese to English.
Administrative burdens as a family affair: Navigating racialized safety‐net systems post‐welfare reform
Authors: Amerikaner Layne , Buck Clayton , Moore Robyn , Martinez Jennifer , Mueller Collin
Published: January 2025

Objective

Analyzing ethnographic data collected after welfare reform in the United States, this study explores the family‐level consequences of safety‐net administrative burdens.

Background

Administrative burdens reproduce racial inequality and have material, psychological, and temporal costs for individuals. Less attention has been paid to how such burdens impose costs not only for the person interfacing with the state but also their families. This study uses an “intersectional family justice” lens to (1) examine the full impact of administrative burdens more broadly, as one component of family burdens and (2) highlight the role of agency in families' heterogeneous, multi‐level response strategies.

Method

We conducted a team‐based, secondary analysis of 35 family profiles from a longitudinal ethnography detailing the perspectives and experiences of low‐income Latinx families with children from 1999 to 2002 at the San Antonio, Texas site of Welfare, Children, and Families: A Three‐City Study. Through multiple stages of coding, we examined how families experienced and responded to administrative burdens in safety‐net systems in the post‐welfare reform context.

Results

Families primarily faced two types of barriers when interfacing with safety‐net systems (system‐level and ideological) and engaged in two types of response strategies (individual‐level and network‐level). Both barriers and responses had reverberating implications for family well‐being and processes.

Conclusion

Because safety‐net administrative burdens, often rooted in racialized and gendered logics of “deservingness,” can create substantial disruptions for navigating everyday family life, their costs are more fully understood not only as individual‐level burdens but as a family affair.
Automated design prediction for definitive obturator prostheses: A case‐based reasoning study
Authors: Ali Islam E. , Hattori Mariko , Sumita Yuka , Wakabayashi Noriyuki
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a case‐based reasoning (CBR) system in predicting the design of definitive obturator prostheses for maxillectomy patients.

Materials and Methods

Data from 209 maxillectomy cases, including extraoral images of obturator prostheses and occlusal images of maxillectomy defects, were collected from Institute of Science Tokyo Hospital. These cases were organized into a structured database using Python's pandas library. The CBR system was designed to match new cases with similar historical cases based on specific attributes such as aramany class, abutment details, defect extension, and oronasal connection size. The system's performance was evaluated by clinicians who assessed the accuracy of prosthesis designs generated for 33 test cases.

Results

A correlation analysis demonstrated a significant positive relationship (ρ = 0.84, p < 0.0001) between the CBR system's confidence scores and the number of correct prosthesis designs identified by clinicians. The median precision at five cases was 0.8, indicating that the system effectively retrieved relevant designs for new cases.

Conclusions

The study shows that the developed CBR system effectively predicts the design of obturator prostheses for maxillectomy patients. Clinically, the system is expected to reduce clinician workload, simplify the design process, and enhance patient engagement by providing prompt insights into their final prosthetic design.
Outpatient Mental Health Nurses' Experiences of Suicide Follow‐Up Interventions: A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Hultsjö Sally , Jormfeldt Henrika , Allstrin Ester , Karlsson Andreas
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide. Following a suicide attempt, many patients receive suicide follow‐up interventions (SFI) from outpatient mental health care services, where outpatient mental health nurses play a crucial role. There is an urgent need to raise awareness of improvements and opportunities for development in this aspect of care to gain insights into potential areas for improvement and opportunities for development.

Aim

To investigate outpatient mental health nurses' experiences of SFI.

Method

A qualitative interview study was conducted with 10 outpatient mental health nurses. Conventional content analysis was used to analyse the data.

Results

Three categories emerged: connecting with and understanding suicidal patients, being dependent on adequate conditions for SFI, and feeling competent but vulnerable in SFI.

Discussion

Providing structured training for nurses to address patients with particularly challenging conditions is vital, as SFI entails complex and challenging situations. Training that incorporates proven methods from other interventions, involving the expertise of those with lived experience, employers, and academics, can offer significant advantages. Promoting increased collaboration can enhance the safety of assessments.

Implications for Practice

Team‐based SFI can enhance suicide follow‐up intervention services in psychiatric outpatient care.
Research and design of distributed intelligent electronic pulse barring facility
Authors: Wang Mingwu , Chen Weiheng , Yang Fan , Liang Yingxuan
Published: January 2025

Because traditional barring facilities have difficulty in controlling the water surface and have low intelligence degree, a new type of intelligent electronic pulse barring facility was developed. The system established a dynamic charging and discharging model, an electric field strength calculation model, and a forward reverse rotation conduction model. The facility used a controller area network field bus to realize cooperative operation between one master machine and multiple slave machines that was suitable for fish blocking in various water areas. By using insulated gate bipolar transistors instead of thyristors, the electrode adopted an instantaneous rotational conduction mechanism that was efficient, safe, reliable, and resulted in low noise pollution. The system realized the application of the Internet of Things and an automatic fault phone alarm function in the aquaculture industry such that users could use phones or computers for real‐time remote monitoring. A failure of the fish barring facility would immediately trigger an alarm, such that corresponding measures could be taken to avoid the escape of many fish and complete the unattended aquaculture industry. After multiple freshwater fish arresting tests, the load capacity of the whole machine was 0.5 Ω, and the power consumption was 0.3–2 kW; this could save 65% more electricity than traditional thyristors and had a maximum interception area of 1200 m2. This has significant practical application value in improving the digitalization, automation, and intelligence level of the aquaculture industry.
Trade Variations due to Time Zones Related Distance and Delaying Costs: A Theoretical Exposition
Authors: Mandal Biswajit , Das Maitrayee
Published: January 2025

This paper constructs a competitive trade model involving countries in two distinct time zone locations. Our results suggest that geographical distance positively impact service trade, in contrast to its harmful nature for goods trade. These results are not in line with the traditional gravity arguments of international trade. Our model also reveals an intriguing relationship: an increase in distance between trading nations results in higher skilled wages and lower rent in case of service trade, while goods trade yields the opposite effect. We then connect distance with delaying cost and find the effects of delaying cost on trade and factor prices. We further extend our basic model to introduce informal sector and government manufacturing sector. Despite these additions, the consistency in the effects of distance on factor prices and output persists.
When language engenders discomfort
Authors: Boyle Justin P. , Bullock Justin L.
Published: January 2025

Language holds power & can harm: @justin_p_boyle and Justin Bullock explore the cisheteropatriarchy and epistemic violence regarding language in #MedEd.
Worldwide variation in shape and size of orca (Orcinus orca) saddle patches
Authors: Mäkeläinen Pirjo H. , Visser Ingrid N. , Cooper Tracy E. , Cusson Mathieu
Published: January 2025

The global distribution of Orcinus orca (orcas/killer whales) encompasses populations which differ from each other. Saddle patch shapes and sizes were compared for nearly 4,000 individuals, in 48 geographically or ecologically divided groups/populations/ecotypes (GP/E), in four Ocean Basins. Some Antarctic GP/E had five shapes, contrary to previous studies, which found only one shape in these Southern GP/E. Pacific Resident ecotypes had the highest variation in saddle patch shapes. Globally, the most common shape was the ‘Smooth’ category. Saddle patch sizes were measured using a ratio of the width of the saddle patch compared to the width of the dorsal fin base and averaged within each GP/E. The narrowest saddle patches were observed in New Zealand waters. The widest saddle patches were observed at the Crozet Islands and the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas). Globally, we found that the shape and size of saddle patches helped to define various GP/E, reinforcing earlier predictions that this pigmentation may be indicative of population divisions. Our findings may help with describing poorly defined or undescribed ecotypes. Such results may therefore aid assessments by management authorities/policy makers and provide levels of guidance in the creation of conservation or recovery plans.
Burden of Fungal Skin Diseases in Five East Asian Countries: An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Wang Ye , Tang Shanshan , Ma Ting , Zhang Lidan , Xiao Yufeng , Chen Shaojie
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The unique natural and social environments of East Asia may shape the characteristics of fungal skin diseases. However, there is a notable absence of thorough comparative analyses on this subject.

Methods

This research undertook a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiology and disease burden of fungal dermatoses across five East Asian countries (China, Japan, Republic of Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea and Mongolia) via the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database from 1990 to 2021. Descriptive statistical analyses, joinpoint analyses and age‐period‐cohort (APC) modelling techniques were applied. Systematic assessments were conducted for trends in the incidence, prevalence and disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs) of fungal skin diseases within each country.

Results

This study revealed an overall declining trend in the burden of fungal skin diseases across five East Asian countries from 1990 to 2021, with a particularly marked decrease from 2000 to 2010. In China, the average annual percentage change (AAPC) was −0.1333%, whereas in Japan, it was −0.0281%. However, a notable rise in DALYs among individuals aged 70 and above, particularly in China and Japan. Conversely, Democratic People's Republic of Korea and Mongolia experienced less substantial declines in incidence. These shifts underscore marked intercountry differences, illustrating the influence of socioeconomic factors and health policies.

Conclusion

Fungal skin diseases remain a public threat in East Asian countries. It is important to develop regional, targeted strategies for the prevention and control of fungal skin diseases, with the potential to improve the effectiveness of public health interventions and reduce the regional burden of disease.
Deep Learning‐Based Three‐Dimensional Analysis Reveals Distinct Patterns of Condylar Remodelling After Orthognathic Surgery in Skeletal Class III Patients
Authors: Barone Selene , Cevidanes Lucia , Bianchi Jonas , Goncalves Joao Roberto , Giudice Amerigo
Published: January 2025

Objective

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate morphometric changes in mandibular condyles of patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion following two‐jaw orthognathic surgery planned using virtual surgical planning (VSP) and analysed with automated three‐dimensional (3D) image analysis based on deep‐learning techniques.

Materials and Methods

Pre‐operative (T1) and 12–18 months post‐operative (T2) Cone‐Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans of 17 patients (mean age: 24.8 ± 3.5 years) were analysed using 3DSlicer software. Deep‐learning algorithms automated CBCT orientation, registration, bone segmentation, and landmark identification. By utilising voxel‐based superimposition of pre‐ and post‐operative CBCT scans and shape correspondence, the overall changes in condylar morphology were assessed, with a focus on bone resorption and apposition at specific regions (superior, lateral and medial poles). The correlation between these modifications and the extent of actual condylar movements post‐surgery was investigated. Statistical analysis was conducted with a significance level of α = 0.05.

Results

Overall condylar remodelling was minimal, with mean changes of < 1 mm. Small but statistically significant bone resorption occurred at the condylar superior articular surface, while bone apposition was primarily observed at the lateral pole. The bone apposition at the lateral pole and resorption at the superior articular surface were significantly correlated with medial condylar displacement (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The automated 3D analysis revealed distinct patterns of condylar remodelling following orthognathic surgery in skeletal Class III patients, with minimal overall changes but significant regional variations. The correlation between condylar displacements and remodelling patterns highlights the need for precise pre‐operative planning to optimise condylar positioning, potentially minimising harmful remodelling and enhancing stability.
Surgical Treatment of Coronoid Fracture With Elbow Varus Posteromedial Rotatory Instability: An Instructional Review
Authors: Zhang Xinan , Wang Yongqing , Li Xiaohui
Published: January 2025

Varus posteromedial rotatory instability (VPMRI) of the elbow is one of the complex elbow instability. The primary sites of injury encompass fractures of the anteromedial coronoid process and injuries to the lateral collateral ligament of the elbow. Some patients may present with involvement of the medial collateral ligament of the elbow. Owing to its distinctive injury mechanism and imaging characteristics, this condition is infrequent in clinical practice and susceptible to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. Literature reviews indicate that conservative management of VPMRI is associated with numerous complications, such as persistent pain, traumatic arthritis, and chronic elbow instability. Consequently, surgical intervention has emerged as the recommended treatment modality. Nonetheless, the lack of systematic research on VPMRI in clinical practice has been inconclusive regarding the optimal internal fixation techniques and surgical approaches. Therefore, investigating the treatment modalities, surgical techniques, and internal fixation strategies for VPMRI associated with coronoid fractures holds substantial importance for informing clinical management. In this review, we systematically synthesize the existing literature on coronoid fractures with VPMRI for offering a valuable reference for future clinical treatment.
Low preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate level is a risk factor for postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly undergoing elective total hip replacement: a prospective observational study
Authors: Zheng Huiwen , Zhang Jingyue , Liu Tianya , Wang Zhiping
Published: January 2025

Background

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a postoperative complication of the central nervous system, especially in elderly patients. Growing evidence shows a close relationship between the kidney and cognition. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the subsequent risk of POCD and indicators related to the kidney.

Methods

A total of 93 eligible patients (≥65 years old) undergoing elective total hip replacement were enrolled. Before and 1 day after surgery, blood samples were collected from enrolled patients. Mini‐Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment were conducted 1 day before surgery and 1 week after surgery or at discharge. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to examine the predictive value of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for POCD. Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors of POCD.

Results

Thirty patients (32.26%) were assessed for POCD 1 week after surgery. The preoperative eGFR level in the POCD group was significantly lower than in the non‐POCD group (P < 0.001). The area under the curve of eGFR was 0.739 (95% CI, 0.630–0.848; P < 0.001). The multivariable logistic regression analysis results showed that preoperative eGFR was independently associated with POCD (odds ratio = 0.965, 95% CI = 0.935–0.996, P = 0.028) after adjustment for mixed factors.

Conclusion

Low eGFR is associated with an increased risk of POCD in patients undergoing elective total hip replacement surgery. Low eGFR is an effective predictor of incident POCD.
Inter‐Session Reliability of Functional Performance and Muscle Power in Adults With Severe Obesity
Authors: Gam Søren , Petz Anders K. , Bjerre Lukas R. , Bøgild Jeppe , Nielsen Anders B. , Sørensen Rikke N. , Kolind Mikkel I. , Gram Bibi , Hansen Stinus , Aagaard Per
Published: January 2025

Reliable and sensitive testing of physical function is crucial for assessing the effects of treatment or exercise intervention in various patient populations. The present study investigated the test–retest reliability and sensitivity (smallest detectable difference: SDD) of selected physical performance tests commonly used in clinical rehabilitation, including tests of habitual and maximal walking speed, walking endurance capacity, handgrip strength (HGS), and lower limb muscle power (Sit‐to‐Stand (STS), stair climb) in adults with severe obesity meeting the criteria for bariatric surgery. Thirty‐two adults (BMI 43.8 ± 6.6 kg/m2) were enrolled in the study. Participants were assessed in three separate test sessions performed at the same time of day (±2 h) separated by 3 to 7 days. Habitual and maximal walking speed, walking endurance capacity, lower limb muscle power evaluated by stair climb and STS performance, and HGS demonstrated good‐to‐excellent inter‐session reproducibility (ICC: 0.84–0.98, CV and SEM: 2.9%–11.3%) with individual sensitivity (SDD) ranging from 11.8% to 31.2%. Systematic learning effects from test session 1–2 were observed for the STS test and the 3‐ and 10‐m habitual walk speed tests, manifested by increases of 6%–9%, 7%, and 3%, respectively (p < 0.05). Performing a familiarization session (test 1) fully prevented these learning effects (test 2 vs. 3). A majority of physical function tests showed improved reproducibility and sensitivity after the familiarization session. In conclusion, physical function can be assessed in a reliable manner in adults with severe obesity. Further, familiarization sessions prior to actual testing result in improved test–retest reliability and increased sensitivity.
Division of Labor for Effective Coalitions in Gender Policy Campaigns in South Korea
Authors: Moon Minyoung
Published: January 2025

This article examines what constitutes effective coalitions by comparing four different coalition‐based gender policy campaigns in South Korea. The study analyzes how the composition of coalitions and the division of labor within them influenced the creation of strong versus weak coalitions. Drawing on archival and interview data, a theoretical model of a layered coalition structure is developed, consisting of three positions: initiator, coordinator, and supporter. While all coalitions shared this structural framework, their sustainability and mobilization capacity varied based on differences in the division of labor within this structure. The study argues that coalitions exerted strong influence on policy changes when initiated by locally embedded activists, coordinated by professional activists, and expanded through diverse supporters. Conversely, coalitions were less impactful when policy experts initiated the efforts and coordinators played minimal roles as bridge builders, resulting in less diverse supporter involvement.
Quantifying the Rhythm of Ice Accumulation in East Antarctica With Varying Temperature
Authors: Srivastava Radhendushka , Sengupta Debasis , Ghosh Prosenjit
Published: January 2025

We present evidence of a strong linkage between temperature and the apparent rate of accumulation of ice at three sites in East Antarctica over the past 800 kiloyears. The conclusions emerge from statistical analysis of an empirical model based on ice core data. The model permits the apparent accumulation rate (AAR) to be tempered by an unspecified thinning process of ice over the ages. It is robust to misspecification of the age scale and does not require the accumulation rate to be delineated from thinning. Records show a 5%–8% increase in the AAR for 1°C rise in temperature. This is consistent with the expected rise in moisture absorption capacity of the atmosphere with a rise in temperature.
Congreso latinoamericano de educación de residentes: LACRE 2023 (virtual).
Authors: Escuela de Medicina ARSMEDICA
Published: January 2025

El LACRE 2023 marcó el décimo aniversario de este importante congreso latinoamericano, realizado de manera virtual los días 15 y 16 de junio de 2023. Organizado por la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Católica de Chile en conjunto con el Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons de Canadá, el congreso reunió a más de 400 participantes de 12 países.
El evento incluyó dos presentaciones plenarias, dos mesas redondas, dos simposios, 6 talleres, 24 presentaciones orales y 50 trabajos en modalidad póster. Las presentaciones plenarias fueron lideradas por el Dr. Brian Hodges del Royal College de Canadá, quien abordó los desafíos de la educación de residentes en una era hipertecnologizada, y el Dr. Melchor Sánchez de la Universidad Autónoma de México, quien discutió el rol de los residentes como docentes.
Los temas principales abordados incluyeron:

Estrategias de apoyo a residentes con dificultades
Evaluación de residentes
Bienestar y autocuidado post-pandemia
Adaptación de la educación basada en competencias al contexto local
Balance entre excelencia académica y bienestar integral

Los trabajos de investigación presentados reflejaron la evolución de la educación médica de postgrado en América Latina, abarcando temas como:

Formación en profesionalismo
Autocuidado
Simulación
Razonamiento clínico
Aprendizaje gamificado
Estrategias de evaluación basadas en competencias
Trabajo en equipo

Un aspecto destacable fue cómo la comunidad latinoamericana ha desarrollado una nueva cultura en educación médica de postgrado durante estos diez años, integrando nuevos modelos y conceptos. El congreso también ha servido como plataforma para impulsar otras iniciativas importantes como los Encuentros Internacionales de Líderes en Educación Médica (IMELF) y la creación del Centro de Excelencia para la Educación Médica de Post Grado (CoAE).
La pandemia de COVID-19, si bien forzó el formato virtual del congreso, fue aprovechada como una oportunidad para generar aprendizajes que transformaron las prácticas formativas, haciéndolas más creativas y eficientes. Esto se reflejó en el título del congreso: "Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación para Residentes".
El LACRE ha evolucionado hasta convertirse no solo en un espacio de intercambio académico sino también en un punto de encuentro para la comunidad médica educativa latinoamericana. Para el próximo congreso, se planea volver a la presencialidad, respondiendo a la solicitud de los participantes de "volver a encontrarse de verdad", manteniendo su compromiso de apoyar a directores de programa, educadores clínicos, diseñadores curriculares y residentes en un mundo en constante cambio.