bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Korai idegrendszeri károsodások: korai diagnosztika, prognózis és terápia
Authors: Berényi Marianne , Katona Ferenc
Published: July 2020

A korai – részben veleszületett – idegrendszeri károsodások felismerése, az agy morfológiai és funkcionális állapotának a megítélése, a prognózis megállapítása és a szükséges terápiák bevezetése rendkívül felelősségteljes orvosi feladat. A központi idegrendszer fejlődése születés után a humán genetikai program és a külső hatások alapján tovább folyik. A fő kérdés, hogy az elszenvedett károsodások mennyiben befolyásolhatják mindezt, hogyan és milyen irányban változtathatják ezt a folyamatot. Mind a mozgás, mind a figyelem és az értelem az emberre jellemző humán specifikus, együttes kialakulása ettől az agyi fejlődéstől függ. A korai diagnózisnak és prognózisnak a meglévő és a várható károsodásokra kell következtetnie ahhoz, hogy a szükséges, megelőző terápia időben megindulhasson. A következőkben először a diagnosztikai és terápiai módszereket foglaljuk röviden össze, mert metodikai leírás nélkül semmiféle módszer alkalmassága, hatékonysága nem ítélhető meg.
Pedagógusnézetek megismerésének lehetőségei a kétnyelvi pedagógusképzés és továbbképzés kontextusában
Authors: Trentinné Benkő Éva
Published: July 2020

A pedagógusképzés célja és feladata a laikus pedagógiai vélekedések, nézetek (beliefs) feltárása, ütköztetése és szükség szerint megváltoztatása. A cikk először a szakirodalmi hátteret vázolja fel a nézetek fogalmának tisztázására és pedagógusképzésben betöltött szerepükre vonatkozóan. Ezután néhány, a nézetek felszínre hozására alkalmas technikát és módszert mutat be a kétnyelvi pedagógusképzés kontextusában. Végezetül egy technika és eszköz (metaforarács) részletesebb ismertetésére kerül sor.
Milyen angolra van szüksége egy tanítónak a kétnyelvű osztályban? Nyelvi fejlesztés az angol-magyar kétnyelvű tanítói specializációs programon.
Authors: Árva Valéria
Published: July 2020

A cikk ismertető arról az ELTE TÓK angol–magyar kétnyelvűtanító-specializáción elvégzendő nyelvi előkészítő kurzusról, amelyik a CLIL-módszerrel való tanítás speciális nyelvi igényei szerint épül fel. Bemutatja, hogy a CLIL-specifikus nyelvi fejlesztési célokat milyen módszerekkel és feladattípusokkal valósítja meg a kurzus oktatója, majd vázolja, hogy a jövőben milyen, főleg online eszközökkel egészítené ki az előkészítő-szemináriumot.
Language Educational Observations in a Multicultural Kindergarten
Authors: Kitzinger Arianna
Published: July 2020

A tanulmány magyar–angol többnyelvű és többkultúrájú óvoda (a fóti Fáy András Óvoda, ahova 2008-ban 23 család gyermekét fogadták be) életébe nyújt betekintést. A tanumány az iskola-előkészítő intézményben végzett megfigyelést mutatja be: annak nehézségeit és előnyeit.
Manó-világ Kétnyelvű Óvodai Program alkalmazása a magyar óvodapedagógia keretein belül
Authors: Horváth Mónika , Erdélyi Nóra
Published: July 2020

A Manó-világ Kétnyelvű Óvodai Program önkormányzati fenntartású óvodákkal együttműködve nyújt lehetőséget 3–7 év közötti gyermekeknek az angol nyelv korai nyelvelsajátítására. A kétnyelvű óvodai program a helyi pedagógiai programba illeszkedik, melyet angol anyanyelvi pedagógusok magyar óvodapedagógusok irányításával valósítanak meg. Célunk nem a nyelvoktatás, hanem a kétnyelvű környezet megteremtése. A tanulmányban röviden bemutatjuk a programot, összefoglaljuk a módszertani elemeket, valamint szólunk az eddigi tapasztataltokról és az elért eredményekről.
Jókedvvel németül. Tanártovábbképzés és tananyagfejlesztés a budapesti Goethe Intézetben, különös tekintettel a kisgyermekkori nyelvoktatás területére
Authors: Morvai Edit
Published: July 2020

A budapesti Goethe Intézet 2009 és 2012 között több különböző programot dolgozott ki a 6–10 éves korosztály német nyelvi fejlesztése céljára. A nyelvvel való foglalkozás középpontjában a gyerekek számára érdekes tartalmak állnak, a módszereket pedig úgy válogattuk meg, hogy a tanulás a korosztályi sajátosságoknak megfelelően, változatos munkaformákban és felszabadult légkörben folyjon. A tanulmányban ezeket az anyagokat mutatjuk be, bepillantást engedve a megvalósulás folyamatába is.
TabuTémák – társadalmi nem, szexuális orientáció és fogyatékosság. Szerkesztői előszó a Gyermeknevelés Online Tudományos Folyóirat 2016/3 számhoz
Authors: F. Lassú Zsuzsa
Published: July 2020

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„Ez a ’gender’, ez már sajnos Magyarországot is fenyegeti” – nemisztereotípia-ellenes és/vagy nemileg differenciált nevelés koragyermekkorban
Authors: F. Lassú Zsuzsa
Published: July 2020

A nem a legnyilvánvalóbb, legkiugróbb kategória az emberi csoportokról alkotott benyomások szerveződésében, ezáltal a sztereotípiaképzés legbiztosabb alapja is egyben. A nemi sztereotípiák megkülönböztetéshez, szexizmushoz, nemi diszkriminációhoz vezethetnek, így az ellenük való küzdelem a pedagógia egyik fontos célkitűzése lehet. Jelen tanulmány célja a nemről való gondolkodás fejlődésének és a nemi sztereotípiák koragyermekkori kialakulásának, valamint a nemi egyenlőségért, a nemi sztereotípiák ellen küzdő ún. genderpedagógia koragyermekkori lehetőségeinek bemutatása, elsősorban svéd és amerikai oktatási programokon keresztül.
A kortárs képelemzés kognitív szempontú megközelítése
Authors: Virág Ágnes
Published: July 2020

Miközben egy reklámot, vagy egy filmjelenetet nézünk, sokszor az elvont dolgokat konkrétabb fogalmakon keresztül ragadjuk meg, amit vizsgálhatunk a kognitív nyelvészet eszközeivel (Lakoff és Johnson, 1980; Forceville és Urios-Aparisi, 2009). A tanulmány olyan kognitív szempontú módszertant mutat be, amellyel elemezhetőek a kortárs műtárgyak és a hozzájuk kapcsolódó művészettörténeti dokumentumok. A módszer a vizuális és a verbális módokra fókuszál, többek között magyarázatot ad arra, hogyan lehetséges, hogy egy tárgynak több jelentése is lehet. Összehasonlíthatóvá teszi a hétköznapi és az egyedi jelentésalkotást, a globális és a lokális kontextus által meghatározott jelentéseket. A módszertant Baglyas Erika „Jó előre gondoljon a jövőjére!” című installációjának elemzése szemlélteti.
Állatasszisztált kutatások Kaposvárott – 2011–2016
Authors: Takács István , Szalai Katalin
Published: July 2020

A Kaposvári Egyetemen a 2011/2012-es tanévben kezdődött el egy interdiszciplináris gondolkodás, amelynek eredményeként gyógypedagógusok, pedagógusok, pszichológusok, orvosok, etológus szakemberek kezdtek el egy kutatássorozatot a nyúlasszisztált (a nyúllal segített pedagógia és terápia – rabbit-assisted pedagogy and therapy –RAP-RAT) ellátások lehetőségeit elemezve. Meglátásuk szerint a törpenyulak alkalmasak AAP, AAT munkákra. Fontos szempont volt megfelelő markereket találni, amelyek igazolhatóvá teszik az ellátást. Ennek megfelelően különféle megfigyelési szempontokat határoztak meg a gyermekek, tanulók fejlődésének értékeléséhez, valamint az állatok megfigyeléséhez. E közben a Kaposvári Egyetemen sikerrel indította a kutatócsoport az állat-terápiás szakemberképzést is (animal assisted therapy expert).
Dán dizájn az oktatásban – beszámoló az Erasmus+ oktatói látogatásról a VIA University College-ban
Authors: Árva Valéria
Published: July 2020

Cikkemben beszámolok a VIA University College-ban tett oktatói Erasmus látogatásomról, melynek során mélyebb betekintést nyertem az aarhusi tanítóképzési programba és az intézmény nemzetköziesítési folyamataiba. A látogatásom során megismerkedtem két újonnan épített, kiemelkedő színvonalú oktatási épülettel, a VIA University College új, belvárosi campusával és egy stjerneni általános iskolával, melyek különös jellemzője, hogy a tervezés során az építészek és az ott dolgozó oktatók-tanárok szorosan együttműködtek.
A kora gyermekkori intervenció és fejlesztési lépései
Authors: Kereki Judit
Published: July 2020

A gyermekek, köztük a speciális támogatást igénylő gyermekek és családjaik a kora gyermekkori intervenció rendszerében kapják meg azokat az ellátásokat, szolgáltatásokat, amelyek sajátos szükségleteik alapján megilletik őket. A korai életszakaszban nyújtott prevenciós és intervenciós szolgáltatások kiemelt jelentőségűek a gyermek fejlődése és a társadalom jövője szempontjából. A kora gyermekkori intervenció elméleti kereteinek meghatározása, a nemzetközi trendek áttekintése, a hazai intézményrendszer felépítésének, az ágazatközi együttműködés jelen helyzetének leírása segíti az ellátórendszer fejlesztési lépéseinek áttekinthetőségét. A nemzetközi tapasztalatokra és a korábbi kutatási, fejlesztési eredményekre építve a kora gyermekkori intervenció ágazatközi fejlesztését célzó projekt az egységes, áttekinthető gyermekút kialakítását valósítja meg.
Ultimate Unification: Gravity-led Democracy vs. Uber-Symmetries
Authors: Maes Stephane
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we start from conventional GUTs and ToEs and discuss their challenges due not only to the lack of observations of proton decays and magnetic monopoles, but also to the fact that when gravity is considered, especially with mechanisms à la multi-folds, where gravity emerges from entanglement, both these phenomena are expected to not exist. With only a few exception, ToEs are badly hurt, including many superstrings, and most GUTs are knocked out. Because of the massive gravity at small scale contributed by entanglement in a multi-fold universe, we encounter new lifecycles for charged black holes and discover that, at small scales, gravity is no more the weakest interaction. In fact, sources and carriers of all interactions democratically carry gravity along with their interaction the same way and all interactions have similar strength. It becomes a new symmetric state with an Ultimate Unification of all the forces, but without the hierarchies of symmetry groups typically involved in GUTs, and without intermediate GUTs not involving gravity from the get-go. These results are obtained in a multi-fold universe, but with discussions of what can be said about our real universe.
Deep analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic: A complex interaction of scientific, political, economic and psychological facts and fakes
Authors: Hellweg Raffaele , Cano Orietta , Hellweg Christian
Published: July 2020

Fear of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread around the world. National borders are closed, the economy is shut down, and self-quarantining of millions of people have become the “new normal.” Early warnings regarding the readiness of large-scale RT-PCR testing in Europe, the existence of contradicting and ambiguous epidemiological data, and the striking similarities to the H1N1-pandemic scandal in 2009 could not prevent this global response to COVID-19. Vague definitions of “fatal COVID-19 cases”, unreliable RT-PCR tests as well as political, financial, and scientific special interests and often times biased news coverage by the mass media are also important factors. In this manuscript we demonstrate that COVID-19 is at most only equally as dangerous or even less dangerous than the seasonal flu of 2017/2018 or that of 2019/2020 in the US. Considering the degree of negligence of the World Health Organization (WHO) and many countries during the swine flu pandemic in 2009 as well as during past and ongoing public health programs in Europe and Africa in the management of quality-control procedures in the approval of diagnostic tests, vaccines, and other pharmacological agents, skepticism has taken an unusually distant back seat to panic. We encourage the use of critical thinking and rational evaluation of information in reaching informed decisions with respect to the upcoming vaccines and future pharmacological treatments for COVID-19. We propose the use of “Cystus052” as a potential preventive agent, convalescent plasma infusions (CPI) as the most promising treatment currently available for severe COVID-19 cases, and the inhibition of the “Papain-Like-Protease” (PLP) as rational approach for future research projects to the treatment of COVID-19.
Alcohol-Related, Drug-Related, and Non-Substance-Related Aggression: Three Facets of a Single Construct or Three Distinct Constructs?
Authors: Chester David , Bucholz Kathleen , Chan Grace , Kamarajan Chella , Pandey Ashwini , Wetherill Leah , Kramer John , Nurnberger John , Salvatore Jessica E , Dick Danielle
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Aggression often occurs alongside alcohol and drug misuse. However, it is not clear whether the latent and manifest relations among alcohol-related, drug-related, and non-substance-related aggression are separate manifestations of a single construct or instead are three distinct constructs. METHODS: To examine these associations, we conducted a preregistered analysis of 13,490 participants in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). In a structured interview, participants reported their lifetime perpetration of these three aggression phenotypes. RESULTS: The data were better fit by a model that treated these aggression phenotypes as three distinct latent factors, as compared to models in which the items all loaded onto one (‘general’) or two (‘substance-related’ and ‘non-substance-related’) aggression factors. This three factor model fit better for men than women. Subsequent exploratory analyses then showed that among these three factors, alcohol-related aggression explained the variance of overall aggression better than the other two factors.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that these three forms of aggression are distinct phenotypes (especially among men). Yet, people’s alcohol-related aggression can accurately characterize their overall aggressive tendencies across these domains. Future research will benefit from articulating the unique and shared pathways and risk factors underlying each of these facets of aggression.
Heart Rate Variability Moderates the Effects of COVID-19-Related Stress and Family Adversity on Emotional Problems in Adolescents: Testing Models of Differential Susceptibility and Diathesis Stress
Authors: Miller Jonas G. , Chahal Rajpreet , Kirshenbaum Jaclyn Schwartz , Ho Tiffany C. , Gifuni Anthony J. , Gotlib Ian
Published: July 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic is a unique period of stress and uncertainty that will have significant implications for adolescent mental health. Nevertheless, stress about COVID-19 may be more consequential for some adolescents’ mental health than for others. We examined whether heart rate variability (HRV) indicated differential susceptibility to mental health difficulties associated with COVID-19 stress. Approximately four years prior to the pandemic, we assessed resting HRV and HRV reactivity to a well-validated stress paradigm in 87 adolescents. During the pandemic, these adolescents (ages 13-19) reported on their health-related stress and concerns about COVID-19 and their recent emotional problems. The association between COVID-19 stress and emotional problems was significantly stronger for adolescents who previously exhibited higher resting HRV or higher HRV reactivity. For adolescents who exhibited lower resting HRV or lower HRV reactivity, COVID-19 stress was not associated with emotional problems. Thus, parasympathetic functioning may reflect differential susceptibility to the effects of COVID-19 stress on mental health during the pandemic.
Dynamic Fit Index Cutoffs for Confirmatory Factor Analysis Models
Authors: McNeish Daniel , Wolf Melissa Gordon
Published: July 2020

Model fit assessment is a central component of evaluating confirmatory factor analysis models. Fit indices like RMSEA, SRMR, and CFI remain popular and researchers often judge fit based on suggestions from Hu and Bentler (1999), who derived cutoffs that distinguish between fit index distributions of true and misspecified models. However, methodological studies note that the location and variability of fit index distributions – and, consequently, cutoffs distinguishing between true and misspecified fit index distributions – are not fixed but vary as a complex interaction of model characteristics like sample size, factor reliability, number of items, and number of factors. Many studies over the last 15 years have cautioned against fixed cutoffs and the faulty conclusions they can trigger. However, practical alternatives are absent, so fixed cutoffs have remained the status quo despite their shortcomings. Criticism of fixed cutoffs stem primarily from the fact that they were derived from one specific confirmatory factor analysis model and lack generalizability. To address this, we propose dynamic cutoffs such that derivation of cutoffs is adaptively tailored to the specific model and data being evaluated. This creates customized cutoffs that are designed to distinguish between true and misspecified fit index distributions in the researcher’s particular context. Importantly, we show that the method does not require knowledge of the “true” model to accomplish this. As with fixed cutoffs, the procedure requires Monte Carlo simulation, so we provide an open-source, web-based Shiny application that automates the entire process to make the method as accessible as possible.
Linking excess mortality to mobility data during the COVID-19 pandemic in England and Wales
Authors: Basellini Ugofilippo , Alburez-Gutierrez Diego , Del Fava Emanuele , Perrotta Daniela , Bonetti Marco , Camarda Carlo Giovanni , Zagheni Emilio
Published: July 2020

Non-pharmaceutical interventions have been implemented worldwide to curb the spread of COVID-19. However, the effectiveness of such governmental measures in reducing the mortality burden remains a key question of scientific interest and public debate. In this study, we leverage digital mobility data to assess the effects of reduced human mobility on excess mortality, focusing on regional data in England and Wales between February and August 2020. We estimate a robust association between mobility reductions and lower excess mortality, after adjusting for time trends and regional differences in a mixed-effects regression framework and considering a five-week lag between the two measures. We predict that, in the absence of mobility reductions, the number of excess deaths could have more than doubled in England and Wales during this period, especially in the London area. The study is one of the first attempts to quantify the effects of mobility reductions on excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Status of Anemia among Undergraduate Students of a Medical College of Central Nepal
Authors: Timilsina Sameer , Yadav Ram Lochan , Bhusal Pujan , Khatri Niraj , Islam Md Nazrul
Published: July 2020

Background: Anemia is a public health concern with adverse health consequences. The vast nature of medical curriculum demands rigorous efforts and stress putting health science students at risk of anemia. In the present study, we aim to estimate the hemoglobin level of undergraduate health science students at Chitwan Medical College.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included all 386 year I and II undergraduate health science students enrolled at Chitwan Medical College. An informed consent was obtained from all the participants and hemoglobin values were obtained using Sahli’s hemoglobinometry at Physiology laboratory of basic science complex during March to August 2019. Ethical approval was obtained from CMC-IRC (Ref: CMC-IRC/075/076-125). Chi-squared test was done to seek the association of various demographic factors with hemoglobin values.

Results: Anemia was found among 37.8% undergraduate health science students as per World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. A total of 44.7% males and 32.3% females were found to have anemia. Statistical significant association was observed between body mass index (BMI) and hemoglobin level with higher BMI contributing to higher hemoglobin values. There was no association of hemoglobin level with sex, place of origin and stream of study.  

Conclusions: Almost 4 out of 10 undergraduate medical students enrolled at Chitwan Medical College had lower hemoglobin values for age and sex as suggested by WHO.

 Keywords: anemia, health science, hemoglobin, students, undergraduate
Screening of Superabsorbent Polymers in Barley Husk
Authors: Yadav Ram Jeewan , Shrestha Ganga
Published: July 2020

Superabsorbent Polymers (SAPs) as hydrogels are super-soaker organic materials - Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) which swells in water to form a clear gel. These are different from conventional absorbent sponge in which water can be wrung out easily; the SAPs' hydrate gel particle retains the absorbed water even under pressure. This unique ability to hold absorbed water, even against pressure, is the primary benefit of using SAPs. Such SAPs have created a very attractive area in the viewpoint of super-swelling behaviour, chemistry, and designing the variety of final applications. Besides various applications, the most volume of SAPs world production (106 tons/year) is yet consumed in hygienic uses, i.e., disposable diapers (as baby or adult diapers, feminine napkins, etc.). Agro wastes like Barley husk can be a very potential resource to obtain CMC or SAPs. This paper discusses extraction of α-cellulose followed by carboxy-methylation process to get CMC from barley husk. Absorbency tests of the CMC were performed by tea bag method and all the samples were characterized by FTIR.
Investigating Information System Testing Gamification with Time Restrictions on Testers’ Performance
Authors: Memar Navid , Krishna Aneesh , McMeekin David , Tan Tele
Published: July 2020

This paper presents the results obtained from the evaluation of gamified software testing platform that was developed following series of focus group discussions comprising of software developers and testers. The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of gamification as an additive method that can help improve the performance of software testers. Additionally in this study, new metrics have been introduced to quantify the performance of software testers fairly and more accurately. Moreover, the effect of time restriction impacting on the performance of software testers will be discussed from results of this study. Findings suggest that the proposed metrics, which more accurately capture the difficulty level of the software code defects, are able to better analyse and compare the performances of software testers in the gamified testing environment. Moreover, results indicated that time restriction may compromise the performance of software testers and the quality of written software test code. On the other hand, results suggest that the performance of software testers in detecting low priority bugs in the gamified software-testing platform was better compared to the other more difficult to detect bugs.
Asymmetric eye size in an infant
Authors: Edwards Brett D , Vayalumkal Joseph V , Chawla Rupesh , Fonseca Kevin , Zhou Hong Yuan
Published: July 2020

Toxoplasmosis is an uncommon congenital infection in Canada, but one with potentially severe clinical manifestations, including fetal death. Neurologic and ocular manifestations are frequent in untreated disease; however, small eye size (microphthalmia) is a rare finding. This finding may be a marker of severe ocular disease. As universal screening does not occur in Canada, clinicians’ early recognition is imperative, particularly given the lack of risk factors in many patients and the benefit that treatment may have even in initially asymptomatic disease. Here, we report a case of congenital toxoplasmosis and review the diagnostics and treatment of the infection.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURAL VALUE ORIENTATIONS AND NATIONAL AFFILIATION OF UKRAINIAN STUDENTS YOUTH
Authors: Булах Ірина , Співак Любов
Published: July 2020

The strong relationship between cultural value orientations and national affiliation ensure the stability of the nation. Group identity and cultural value orientations intensively develop during the youth period. The aim of the article is to empirical study of the relationship between cultural value orientations and the national affiliation of Ukrainian students of domestic higher education institutions. To achieve this aim, the questionnaire of cultural value orientations (Schwartz Value Survey), modified method of “Ethnic affiliation” and methods of mathematical statistics was applied. The study was attended by a students of higher educational institutions of Kyiv city, who came to study from different cities and villages of the country. It was established that all students provided the greatest importance to cultural value orientations of the pole with “egalitarianism”, the smallest with “hierarchy”. It was established that the largest number of students differ in the average level of national affiliation, much less – low and lowest – high.It was proved that the strength and direction of the relationship between cultural value orientations and national affiliation for students are different. For students who came to study from the cities, there are strong and positive relationship between the cultural value orientations of the poles “embeddedness”, “hierarchy”, “harmony”, “egalitarianism”, “mastery” and “affective autonomy” and national affiliation. For these students, the relationship between cultural value orientations of the “intellectual autonomy” pole and the national affiliation is weak. For students who came to study from the villages, the strong and direct relationship of the cultural value orientations of the poles “egalitarianism” and “embeddedness” and the national affiliation are identified. For these students, a strong and reverse relationship of cultural value orientations to the pole of “affective autonomy” with national affiliation is established. Also, the reverse relationship of cultural value orientations of the poles “intellectual autonomy”, “mastery”, “hierarchy”, and “harmony” and the national affiliation is noted to be weak. So, for students who came to study from the cities, a strong the strength the relationship between the largest number cultural value orientations and national affiliation are identified.
PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MORAL SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE
Authors: Котлова Людмила
Published: July 2020

The paper presents a theoretical analysis of psychological characteristics of moral self-consciousness during preschool, primary school and adolescence years. It interprets moral self-consciousness as a specific form of moral consciousness, awareness of oneself, one’s moral values, attitudes, qualities, potentials, actions, their motives and consequences, regulation of one’s behaviour and moral self-development. The paper aims to theoretically identify psychological characteristics and mechanisms for developing moral self-consciousness during preschool, primary school and adolescence years. The main objectives are a psychological analysis and the generalization of characteristics of developing moral self-consciousness in childhood and adolescence. Research methods include analysis, synthesis and generalization of scientific works which disclose psychological characteristics of developing moral self-consciousness, as well as identify the mechanisms for developing them in childhood and adolescence. The paper theorizes that self-esteem in preschool becomes one of the leading motives which stimulates child activity. At the same time, the real and the ideal self, as well as a sound grasp of highly values qualities in society, are not yet clearly differentiated in his or her moral self-consciousness. It leads to a major contradiction in the development of the child’s moral self-consciousness, namely, between his or her idealization of himself or herself and experiences associated with how he or she is perceived by others. Self-consciousness starts to develop dramatically at primary school age. The main factors in the development of moral consciousness and self-consciousness of primary school pupils are the sensitivity of their psyche to moral education, an uncompromising attitude to moral requirements for others and the perception of the teacher as a reference person. Self-consciousness is the main newly formed structure of adolescence, namely, when the reflection is developed rapidly, the self-image is formed, the motives of one’s activity are realized, and the inner life is becoming rather intimate. Thus, the period of transition from childhood to adolescence is important and contributes to the development of one’s moral identity. It is during adolescence that “the solid foundation” of the adult’s moral behaviour is laid, and this must be taken into account during the educational process.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РОЗВИТКУ МОТОРНОЇ ПАМ’ЯТІ У ДІТЕЙ СТАРШОГО ДОШКІЛЬНОГО ТА МОЛОДШОГО ШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ
Authors: Ходикіна Юлія
Published: July 2020

Статтю присвячено дослідженню психологічних особливостей розвитку моторної пам’яті у дітей дошкільного і молодшого шкільного віку. В дослідженні розкрито вікову динаміку об’єму, точності та оперативності моторної короткочасної пам’яті дітей у проміжку від старшого дошкільного віку до закінчення молодшого шкільного віку; виявлено статеву специфіку цієї динаміки. Отримано результати щодо вікового зниження помилок відтворення нещодавно зафіксованих у пам’яті рухів за часовим, просторовим і силовим параметрами; встановлено факт гетерохронності прогресу короткочасної моторної пам’яті на м’язове зусилля у досліджуваних різної статі. Доведено значущість об’єму, точності й оперативності моторної короткочасної пам’яті дітей для ефективного запам’ятовування і відтворення руху за його часовим, просторовим і силовим параметрами; виявлено, що взаємозв’язки параметрів моторної пам’яті з показниками відтворення руху мають вікову та статеву специфіку. Уточнено пояснювальні категорії, що належать до концепції пам’яті, за допомогою яких розкриваються психологічні особливості механізмів моторного навчання та засвоєння рухових і трудових навичок. Розглянуто психологічні особливості структурування образу руху, що запам’ятовується у старших дошкільників і молодших школярів під впливом таких чинників, як просторовий аналіз і синтез (конструктивний праксис), рівень концентрації уваги, здатність до навчання, рівень довільності психічної активності дитини. Розкрито вікові особливості структури моторної пам’яті та фактори її ефективності у дітей старшого дошкільного та молодшого шкільного віку. Надійність і достовірність одержаних результатів і висновків забезпечено методологічним і теоретичним обґрунтуванням вихідних положень дослідження, відповідністю використаних методів і методик предмету, меті та завданням дослідження, а також критеріям надійності й валідності, репрезентативністю вибірки, поєднанням методів якісного і кількісного аналізу, використанням методів математико-статистичної обробки емпіричних даних.
Machine Learning Berbasis Desktop dan Web dengan Metode Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan Untuk Sistem Pendukung Keputusan
Authors: Handayanto Rahmadya Trias , Herlawati Herlawati
Published: July 2020

Machine learning application demand is increased massively because it provides good ability in the classification that is needed by decision makers. Machine learning application uses a programming language with strong characteristics in computing, usually the back-end programming language, such as Matlab, Python, R, etc. The obstacle faced by the decision support system developer is preparing an interface that makes it easy for the user. Some back-end programming languages have provided a good interface. Therefore, in this study they were compared by taking the case of a scholarship decision support system. The language used is Python with two web-based applications including Google Interactive Notebook and Flask framework. Both devices have their respective advantages and are worthy of being the first choice in the design of decision support systems.Python has advantages with framework Flask support and Matlab is easy in interface design.
Fin de vie, limitation des thérapeutiques, éthique et législation : un retour sur 50 ans d’évolution en France
Authors: Joly C. , Coté O. , Joly L.-M.
Published: July 2020

Les urgentistes sont fréquemment confrontés à des décisions de limitation ou arrêt des thérapeutiques (LAT) en fin de vie. Il revient à l’urgentiste à la fois de décider la LAT et d’organiser les conditions de la fin de vie. Appliqué à des situations toujours singulières, parfois dramatiques, et dans lesquelles manquent souvent des informations à la phase initiale, l’exercice peut se révéler difficile. Sur le plan social et médiatique, la question de la fin de vie est récurrente. En seulement 20 ans, trois lois sont venues encadrer les décisions de LAT. Si la majorité de ces affaires ne concernaient pas directement les urgences, elles finissent par les impacter, car le problème de la fin de vie est universel. De plus, les urgentistes sont obligés d’appliquer les lois concernant la fin de vie, quand bien même celles-ci ne reconnaissent aucune spécificité à la mise en oeuvre des LAT en urgence. Que ce soit dans l’espace médiatique, professionnel ou privé, la parole d’un médecin urgentiste sur ce sujet sensible doit reposer sur une bonne connaissance des faits. Il en va de la crédibilité de la discipline en particulier et de la médecine en général. Il nous paraît donc intéressant de présenter une rétrospective de l’évolution législative ou réglementaire au sujet de la fin de vie en France depuis les années 1970, en montrant comment cette évolution a été intriquée avec les grandes affaires médiatisées survenues à la même époque.
‘What is going on here?’ Gazing, Knowledge and the Body at a Pilgrimage Shrine
Authors: Eade John
Published: July 2020

This article focuses primarily on the role of the camera in representing the famous, much visited Roman Catholic shrine of Lourdes, France, and what this role tells us about the relationship between gazing, knowledge, and the body. After outlining the historical development of the shrine, the discussion proceeds to consider the growth of popular media and the cinematic gaze, the expansion of tourism, debates concerning the morality of gazing at bodies as personal cameras and smartphones becoming increasingly available and used at the shrine, the representation of human and saintly bodies, and the part played by the camera in the attempt to ensure security.
“I Was Not Willing to Risk my Hajj”
Authors: Caidi Nadia
Published: July 2020

Information phenomena and behaviors underlie every aspect of contemporary life, including spiritual/religious experiences. Pilgrimage as an information context provides insights into the nature of information and knowledge in the lives of individuals undergoing such transformational experiences. Findings based on interviews with twelve Hajj pilgrims suggest that their information practices are varied and transcend both individual (cognitive, affective) and social processes (through shared imaginaries and a wide network of people and resources). As pilgrims prepare for and complete the rituals, then return home, they make use of a range of coping strategies from triangulation and validation to information avoidance. Examining the information strategies of Hajj pilgrims provide us with insights into their processes of negotiating meaning in shifting and unknown contexts.
Quantitative Analysis Powered by Naïve Bayes Classifier Algorithm to Data-Related Publications Social-Scientific Network
Authors: Sombra Tobias , Santini Rose , Morais Emerson , Couto Walmir , Zissou Alex , Campos Pedro , Santos Junior Paulo , Marques Glauber , Chase Otavio , Almeida J. Felipe
Published: July 2020

Quantitative evaluation of a dataset can play an important role in pattern recognition of technical-scientific research involving behavior and dynamics in social networks. As an example, are the adaptive feature weighting approaches by naive Bayes text algorithm. This work aims to present an exploratory data analysis with a quantitative approach that involves pattern recognition using the Mendeley research network; to identify logics given the popularity of document access. To better analyze the results, the work was divided into four categories, each with three subcategories, that is, five, three, and two output classes. The name for these categories came up due to data collection, which also presented documents with open access, dismembering proceedings, and journals for two more categories. As a result, the performance for the test examples showed a lower error rate related to the subcategory two output classes in the criterion of popularity by using the naive Bayes algorithm in Mendeley.
Analysis of Nursing Team Knowledge About Phlebitis and Its Related Factors
Authors: Melo Conceição Crislen , Antonio Jose dos Santos Ana Victoria , Ferreira Dantas Amanda Sthefpanie , Alves Bemerguy Renata Ewillyn , Rêgo da Cruz Erika , Moura Garcia João Victor , Sousa das Mercês Danilo , De Jesus Dias de Sousa Fabianne , Malaguti Toffano Silmara Elaine , Pereira Cruz Ramos Aline Maria
Published: July 2020

Phlebitis is one of the local complications related to intravenous therapy, which must be managed by the nursing team. This study analyzed the knowledge of the nursing team about phlebitis and its main risk factors, prevention, and control measures. This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative design carried out with 124 nursing professionals from a Brazilian university hospital. The data collection was carried out between the period of August 2018 to July 2019 for that, the researchers applied a multiple-choice questionnaire. The results showed the equivalence of the three nursing categories in terms of knowledge about phlebitis, however, there was a discrepancy concerning the phlebitis visualization scale, use of warm compresses, dressings, chemical properties of the solutions and factors intrinsic to the patient. The need to implement permanent education among professionals became evident.
CHANGES IN ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CALF MUSCLE AND MYOCARDIUM UNDER PHYSICAL LODADING IN EXPERIMENT
Authors: Voitenko V. L. , Gunina L.M.
Published: July 2020

Long-term physical activity causes restructuring in the various functions and systems of the body, which are, as a rule, adaptive in nature and occur at all levels of the structural organization of the body. The question of changes in the functional state of the cardiovascular system and, especially, the microcirculatory section of the circulatory system in normal and under the physical exertion and their relationship with ultrastructural remodelling in tissues, cells and cellular organelles is still remaining unclear. The aim of the study was to assess structural changes in the tissues of the calf muscle and myocardium that cause the development of adaptive mechanisms in response to prolonged physical exertion. We studied the structural components of tissue samples of calf muscle and the apex of the heart taken from mature Wistar male rats weighing 220-250 g in mass exposed to prolonged physical exertion by using electron microscopy. It has been shown that a long and intense physical loading causes the development of a number of compensatory-adaptive reactions directed at improving microcirculation processes, oxygen supply of skeletal muscles and myocardium, as well as maintaining an adequate level of metabolic processes. A detailed assessment of the functional state of the tissues studied is necessary for the early detection of signs of maladjustment under the constant loading in sports and the prevention of pathological states.
MORPHOLOGY OF THE CAECUM IN LABORATORY ANIMALS IN HEALTH: SPECIES COMPARISON
Authors: Kobeniak N.N.
Published: July 2020

In recent decades, the prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases has increased thus posing the immediate, both therapeutic and surgical treatment. It brings forth a problem of searching new and improving existing approaches and techniques for correcting the above-mentioned diseases. Preclinical studies in this area are conducted exclusively on laboratory animals and peculiarities of the morphological features of their organs are of great importance when comparing with the human morphology. The methodology used in the study included histological, morphometric and statistical techniques; biopsy samples of caecum taken from 5 rabbits were investigated. We assessed the correctness of the trait distribution by each of the variations, the mean values for each trait studied, standard errors and standard deviations. The significance of the difference of values between independent micrometric values in the normal trait distribution was determined by Student's criterion. The paper describes the main morphological characteristics of the caecum in rabbits and compared the findings obtained with similar structures of the human caecum. The caecum of rabbits, as of humans, has four layers: mucous, submucosal, muscular and serous. The mucous membrane consists of the epithelial layer located on the basement membrane and the muscular plate and contains cellular elements. The submucosa is composed of loose fibrous connective tissue, which contains collagen and reticular fibres, elements of diffuse lymphoid tissue, blood vessels, and nerve endings. The muscular and serous membranes are quite similar to the human caecum. Thus, the optic light microscopy has demonstrated the morphology of the caecum in rabbits is similar to that in the human caecum.
ERYTHROCYTE FREEZING DURING THE MODIFICATION IN COMPOSITION OF CRYOCONSERVANT BASED ON GLYCEROL
Authors: Ramazanov V.V. , Rudenko S.V. , Semenchenko A.Yu. , Bondarenko V.A.
Published: July 2020

Damage to red blood cells occurring during freezing can also develop with transfusion. An increase in the concentration of free iron in the blood during the destruction of red blood cells results in an acceleration of the reactive oxygen species production, peroxide damage to cells and stimulation of inflammation. With multiple transfusions of red blood cells, the function of internal organs may be impaired as a result of iron overload. The cryoprotective properties of glycerol include its collegiate ability to reduce the concentration of NaCl at temperatures below 0°C. However, it was found out that the cryoprotective efficacy of glycerol was far less than it was expected from its colligative properties. Damage to red blood cells during their rapid thawing is the result of osmotic shock due to the inability of an excess of intracellular glycerol to exit the cells quickly enough to prevent their swelling and hemolysis. These data indicate the need to reduce the glycerol concentration in the cryoconservant. However, maintaining the protective effectiveness of the cryoprotectant requires a decrease in the NaCl concentration. This study investigates the effect of the composition of the cryoconservant on erythrocyte hemolysis during freezing and hypothermic storage. We used 2 types of cryoconservants: a) 38% (w / v) glycerin, 2.9% sorbitol, 0.63% NaCl (standard composition); b) 28% (w / v) glycerol, 6.8% sorbitol, 0.25% NaCl (modified composition). It was found out that a decrease in the concentration of glycerol and an increase in the concentration of sorbitol leads to a decrease in the erythrocyte hemolysis. The results obtained suggest that a change in the composition of the cryoconservant will reduce osmotic stress during thawing of red blood cells, which, in turn, will reduce their destruction upon transfusion and the likelihood of inflammation.
MORPHOLOGY OF HUMAN ADIPOSE TISSUE
Authors: Stepanchuk A.P.
Published: July 2020

The risk of developing metabolic complications in obesity depends on the topography of excess adipose tissue. Adipose tissue is the main source of energy and also performs an endocrine function secreting substances that affect the sensitivity of tissues to insulin. The article describes the characteristics of histological preparations of adipose tissue samples taken from the omentum of middle-aged human cadavers with no confirmed diseases of the digestive system and of subcutaneous adipose tissue samples from interscapular region in the human dead foetuses. Microscopy of sections of adipose tissue from the omentum and subcutaneous adipose tissue from the interscapular region of the foetus revealed that it consisted of lobes and microvessels. Lobes of adipose tissue of a human large omentum consist of polygonal white adipocytes containing in their cytoplasm a nucleus displaced to the periphery and a fat drop. The subcutaneous adipose tissue taken from the interscapular region of the foetus consists of brown adipocytes with a nucleus located in the centre of the cytoplasm and surrounded by numerous fat droplets. Brown adipocytes when compared with white adipocyted are smaller and rounded in shape. Brown adipose tissue predominates in women than in men. Brown adipose tissue is not active all the time, but only at low ambient temperatures. In women, brown adipocytes are more saturated with mitochondria than in men. Adipose tissue of a human omentum can be a source of graft implant for restoring abdominal organ defects during extensive surgical operations.
ROLE OF INDEPENDENT WORK IN DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF MEDICAL SPECIALISTS
Authors: Polyvkan M.I.
Published: July 2020

Current global trends in the medical services market are creating new requirements for the quality of medical training. First of all, graduates of medical educational institutions should be guided in the latest technologies of medical science, be prepared to develop and implement scientific achievements in the system of practical health care. The assistance and quidance of future specialists in acquiring a high level of professional competencies, along with the fostering moral, emotional, and volitional qualities, life values and professional orientation, clinical thinking, are priority tasks of a modern higher medical school. The educational and scientific environment of a medical university provides great opportunities for successful professional and personal growth of specialists, however, the ever-increasing amount of knowledge and information requires the intensification of the learning process, and well-planned and organized tasks for students’ independent work is one of the forms of the effective learning strategy. In the context of the ECTS implementation, this form of learning is able to provide an independent search for the necessary information, creative perception and comprehension of educational material in the classroom and extracurricular time, the development of analytical skills and critical thinking. The effectiveness of independent work depends both on the organization of classes and the nature of the teacher’s influence, and on the self-organization of the student. The key to the success of this learning form also consists in a reasonable ratio between the volumes of class work and independent work, providing the student with the necessary methodological materials for independent work, conducting individual consultations, maintaining motivation among students. The tasks for independent work should include two levels of tasks: basic tasks, which are obligatory for everyone, and more advanced tasks, which based on deep understanding and mastering the basics. The article provides a theoretical justification and some aspects of the practical implementation of students' independent work at the Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University as one of the sources for improving the medical training quality.