bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengabdian masyarakat melalui KKN mengenai pencegahan karhutla dan dampak kabut asap di Desa Sungai Pinang 1
Authors: Yuwenda Lusi
Published: December 2024

Pengabdian terintegrasi dengan mata kuliah adalah upaya Universitas Sriwijaya untuk mengkolaborasikan kegiatan pengabdian dengan mata kuliah relevan, menciptakan harmonisasi antara akademik dan pengabdian serta aplikasinya di masyarakat. Salah satu materi penting dalam Mata Kuliah Eksplorasi Sumberdaya Laut dan Estuari (ELSE) adalah perikanan tangkap yang berpotensi menangkap spesies dilindungi, seperti lumba-lumba dan belangkas di perairan Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan. Untuk itu, diperlukan peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat, khususnya nelayan, akan pentingnya melestarikan biota yang dilindungi. Kegiatan ini bertujuan meningkatkan kesadaran nelayan di Desa Sungsang dalam menjaga biota laut yang dilindungi di wilayah mereka. Dilaksanakan pada Agustus - September 2023 di laboratorium ESAK Jurusan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Sriwijaya dan Desa Sungsang I, Kabupaten Banyuasin, metode yang digunakan meliputi wawancara dan edukasi kepada nelayan. Mahasiswa, didampingi asisten, membuat kuesioner saat praktikum mata kuliah ELSE di laboratorium dan menerapkannya kepada nelayan di Desa Sungsang I. Metode pre dan post test digunakan sebagai instrumen evaluasi kegiatan pengabdian. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman nelayan dalam mengidentifikasi biota yang dilindungi seperti belangkas dan lumba-lumba (dari 88% menjadi 100%), kemampuan membedakan jenis kelamin biota (dari 60% menjadi 100%), kesadaran bahwa lumba-lumba dan belangkas adalah biota yang dilindungi (dari 60% menjadi 100%), serta kesadaran untuk melepaskan lumba-lumba dan belangkas yang terjerat jaring ke perairan (dari 60% menjadi 100%) dan membiarkan biota tersebut jika melewati kapal. Manfaat ganda dari pengabdian terintegrasi ini adalah nelayan mendapatkan pengetahuan untuk melestarikan biota yang dilindungi, dan mahasiswa dapat menerapkan ilmu secara langsung di lapangan.
Pengaruh Komposisi Biji Jarak, Cangkang Biji Karet Dan Jumlah Katalis Zeolit Terhadap Hasil Syngas Pirolisis
Authors: Chantika Nyimas Chyntya , Hafiza Natasya , Rusnadi Irawan , Syakdani Adi , Hilwatullisan Hilwatullisan
Published: December 2024

Kebutuhan energi di Indonesia terus meningkat seiring dengan perkembangan populasi dan industrialisasi. Sebagai negara yang kaya akan sumber daya biomassa, Indonesia memiliki potensi besar untuk mengembangkan energi alternatif yang terbarukan. Biomassa, seperti biji jarak dan cangkang biji karet, memiliki kandungan karbon dan hidrogen yang tinggi, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku energi. Kandungan utama cangkang biji karet meliputi 38,11% selulosa, 18,74% lignin, dan 26,09% hemiselulosa, sementara biji jarak memiliki kadar minyak sekitar 30-40%. Salah satu metode pengolahan biomassa yang efektif adalah pirolisis, yang menghasilkan produk berupa bio-char, bio-oil, dan syngas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi jumlah katalis zeolit alam dan perbandingan komposisi bahan baku terhadap produk pirolisis, khususnya dalam meningkatkan yield dan kualitas syngas.Penelitian dilakukan dengan memvariasikan jumlah katalis zeolit alam (3% dan 5%) dan komposisi bahan baku (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100) pada suhu 350°C. Analisis produk syngas dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi komponen senyawa seperti CH₄, H₂S, CO, dan CO₂.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi jumlah katalis berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produk syngas. Penggunaan katalis zeolit alam sebanyak 5% memberikan hasil yang paling optimal dalam meningkatkan yield gas dan kualitas produk pirolisis. Komposisi bahan baku juga memengaruhi distribusi senyawa dalam syngas yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa kombinasi katalis zeolit alam sebanyak 5% dengan variasi komposisi bahan baku tertentu menghasilkan syngas dengan yield dan kualitas terbaik. Hal ini menunjukkan potensi biomassa seperti cangkang biji karet dan biji jarak sebagai sumber energi alternatif yang efisien dan berkelanjutan.
The detection and investigation of exoplanets with MASTER Global network telescopes
Authors: Lipunov V. M. , Tarasenkov A. N. , Kuznetsov A. S. , Balanutsa P. V. , Antipov G. A. , Kechin Ya. Yu. , Tyurina N. V. , Gorbovskoy E. S. , Buckley D. , Francile C. , Podesta F. , Tlatov A. G. , Rebolo Lopez R. , Budnev N. M. , Gress O. A. , Yurkov V. V.
Published: December 2024

The paper presents the method for detecting exoplanets in the archive of images obtained on telescopes of the MASTER Global Network since 2002. The unique archive represents homogeneous photometric data obtained during over 20 years for the northern (MASTER-Amur, MASTER-Tunka, MASTER-Kislovodsk, MASTER-Tavrida, MASTER-IAC, MASTER-OAGH) and for 11 years for the southern sky (MASTER-OAFA, MASTER-SAAO). Algorithm of gamma-ray burst error box observation on the MASTER wide-field telescopes make it possible to detect transit phenomena and find exoplanets in archival data. The article presents the results of a photometric analysis of the TESS exoplanet candidate TOI–3570.01.
ET Dra activity according to observations in 2018–2023
Authors: Savanov I. S. , Naroenkov S. A. , Nalivkin M. A. , Tarasenkov A. N. , Dmitrienko E. S.
Published: December 2024

The results of new photometric observations of the chromospherically active star ET Dra, performed using telescopes of the Zvenigorod INASAN Observatory, the Russian-Cuban Observatory in the territory of the Republic of Cuba (Havana) and the Terskol INASAN Observatory (a total of 8 sets of observations), as well as the addition of archival observations of the Kamogata Wide-field Survey. According to the data received during 2018–2023 changes in the shape of the light curve caused by the rotational modulation of a star with spots on the surface, as well as studies of the long-term variability of the star’s brightness were investigated. Characteristic changes in the ET Dra light curve are noted including a decrease of the stellar brightness in V filter, its cyclic changes and subsequent brightness increase. The shape of the phase curve and the duration of the extended minimum of brightness vary. During the HJD 245 9670 – 245 9715 interval the amplitude of the star’s brightness variability reached a maximum value of more than 0.4 magnitude, as it was in 1990. For each of the 8 set of observations the surface temperature inhomogeneities map were calculated and estimates of the spotedness parameter S of the object were performed. Maximum value of parameter S was 32.2–33.5%. Based on the constructed power spectra the values of possible cycles of long-term activity of the star are obtained as 570 and 1160 days (1.56 and 3.18 years).
Multi-frequency synthesis in space very long baseline radio interferometry
Authors: Rudnitskiy A. G. , Shchurov M. A. , Chernov S. V.
Published: December 2024

The paper examines the possibilities of using multi-frequency synthesis methods for very long baseline (VLBI) space radio interferometers to improve the (u, v) coverage and the quality of the resulting synthesized images. To evaluate the contribution of multi-frequency synthesis methods, simulations of VLBI observations were performed using the example of the space VLBI concept that is based on a combination of circular near-Earth orbits.
Force free magnetic flux rope with a high current density on the axis
Authors: Solov’ev A. A.
Published: December 2024

A new model of a force-free magnetic flux rope with a high concentration of electric current on the axis is presented. The general property of axisymmetric force-free magnetic ropes is that with the exit of the top of the magnetic loop-rope into the corona, the external pressure that keeps it from lateral expansion steadily decreases, and with some critical decrease in this pressure, the longitudinal magnetic field of the rope becomes zero on the surface where the electric current changes its sign (it is current inversion surface — CIS). In this case, the force-free parameter α(r) and the azimuthal electric current experience a second-order discontinuity on this surface, so that in the vicinity of CIS their values begin to increase without limit. The current (drift) speed of electrons here will inevitably exceed the speed of ion sound. This serves as a trigger for the heating of non-isothermal plasma (so it turns out Te Ti) and the excitation of plasma ion-acoustic instability of the plasma not only near the CIS, but also in the central region of the rope, on its axis, where the current density is especially high. The appearance of anomalous resistance leads to rapid dissipation of the magnetic field and the generation of a super-Dreicer electric field. The Parker effect, associated with the equalization (with some delay) of the torque along the axis of the rope due to the transfer of the azimuthal field to the region of energy release, leads to quasiperiodic pulsations of hard flare radiation and, ultimately, ensures the flare release of the most part of free magnetic energy accumulated in the rope.
Modern Stellar Astronomy 2023
Authors: Malkov O. Yu. , Kilpio E. Yu. , Dluzhnevskaya O. B.
Published: December 2024

We provide an analytic review of problems of the modern stellar astronomy. It mostly based on talks presented at the thirteenth annual conference on Modern Stellar Astronomy, held in Volgograd State University (Russia) in May 2023. The key topics for the review are Stars, Stellar Clusters and Associations, Interstellar Medium and Star Formation, Galaxy Structure, Kinematics and Dynamics, Galaxies.
Bulgaria’s Protection of the “Historic Communities” in the EU Enlargement Context
Authors: Polyvyannyy D. I
Published: December 2024

The article considers international activities of Bulgaria towards the Western Balkans states within the context of the EU further enlargement in 2018–2024. The author aims to evaluate the strategy of Sofia policies towards Bulgarian communities in Albania, Kosovo, Serbia and North Macedonia against the background of the internal political situation. Special attention is paid to the Presidential institution, which provides the continuity of the external policies in the situation of crisis of the political parties and parliamentarian system. Though the National Strategy towards Bulgarian citizens and Bulgarian historic communities over the world approved by the Bulgarian Government in 2014 was not further developed, the ongoing international activities of Sofia constitute a strategy of practical actions. In the bilateral relations with Albania, Kosovo and Serbia Sofia insists on constitutional guarantees of the Bulgarian historic communities’ status and rights. The inclusion of Bulgarians in the list of national minorities in the Albanian legislation serves as argument in the negotiations with the other two states. In the bilateral relations with the Republic of North Macedonia Sofia puts forward the guidance of the good neighbor principles according to the treaty on friendship, good neighborhood and cooperation signed on August 1, 2017 aligning the constitutional recognition of the Bulgarian minority with history, language and identity issues considered by special bilateral multidisciplinary commission. The activities of Bulgaria are based on its strategic evaluation of the abovementioned states’ perspectives, are being substantiated with the European legal norms, meet the support of the society and rely upon Brussel’s understanding and support.
European Sanctions Regimes Towards Russia: the Case of the Baltic-Scandinavian Macroregion
Authors: Roginko S. A
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of a study of the evolution of the complex anti-Russian sanctions regime of the Western world in general and European sanctions regimes in particular. The analysis of unilateral anti-Russian sanctions measures initiated by the states of the BalticScandinavian macroregion in addition to the general sanctions regime of the European Union is carried out. Special attention is paid to the attempts of the countries of the Baltic-Scandinavian macroregion to play a leading role in the formation of new anti-Russian sanctions of the European Union, as well as measures addressed to countries of the Global South that do not share the goals of the EU's anti-Russian policy. Estimates of the impact of the anti-Russian sanctions regime of Western countries on the Russian economy are analysed. The result of the study is the periodisation of the stages of its formation in the period from 2014 to 2024, a comprehensive assessment of the initiatives of the Baltic-Scandinavian macroregion countries to shape new antiRussian sanctions of the European Union and the approaches of these countries targeted at the countries of the Global South.
US-EU: Middle East as a Zone of “Shared Responsibility”
Authors: Shumilin A. I
Published: December 2024

The article examines a number of aspects of the process of updating the approaches of the United States and the European Union to the problems of the Middle East (ME), as well as attempts by Washington and Brussels to coordinate their actions under the new conditions. In the United States, the voices of politicians and experts are growing who believe that, despite the fact that threats from the ME are much more significant for the security of Europeans, the latter refrain from increasing their participation in Middle Eastern affairs, still relying on America's military power there. In turn, many European politicians do not hide their disappointment in the US approaches to a number of crises in the Middle East, and increasingly reproach them for the “loss of American leadership” on the world stage. The need for Europeans to increasingly rely on their own strength and resources, formalized in the form of the concept of the EU's “strategic autonomy”, is today determined not only by the situation around Ukraine, but also by the increasing level of conflict in the Middle East – namely, Israel's military actions against Hamas extremists in the Gaza Strip, direct clashes between Israel and Iran, the activation of pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon, Iraq and Yemen.
Northern European Countries in Modern Global Value Chains: Comparative Analysis
Authors: Vasilchenko A. D
Published: December 2024

This article dwells upon the comparative aspects of Northern European countries’ participation in modern global value chains (GVCs). The aim of the research was to identify economic sectors in which the analysed countries maintain the most beneficial position in GVCs. Methodology applied is based on the calculation of the vertical specialisation indices and indicators of centrality and clustering in international production networks. New indices of relative GVC specialisation, namely GVC participation intensity index and deviation index, were introduced and applied by the author. Quantitative assessment of the network metrices is based on a construction of the international production network graph. The nodes represented 76 world largest economies and the edges were non-negative normalised quantities of intermediate products interflows. The main source of raw data is the OECD Data Explorer statistical database. Geographical scope of research covers Denmark, Norway, Finland, and Sweden. The time period is 2010‒2019, before the COVID-19 pandemics. The results obtained suggest that Northern European countries participate in GVCs differently. Denmark and Sweden are well-positioned at higher stages of the value chain, whereas Norway and Finland occupy lower stages. At the same time, Denmark and Norway display a distinctive specialisation in water transport, Finland specialises in wood and paper manufacturing, and Sweden has a competitive edge in transport manufacturing. Denmark and Sweden are firmer integrated into the international production network, and they cooperate with relatively more influential partners than that of Norway and Finland. It has been unveiled that GVC participation of the two latter countries depends greatly on the state of the global market.
Inequality and Poverty in the Digital Age
Authors: Goffe N. V
Published: December 2024

As a result of the technological revolution, there is a doubling of the reality in which modern man operates. Many resources, activities, public and private services are moving to a virtual environment. Along with the phenomena of the surrounding world that are familiar to people, their digital varieties arise, closely interacting with their real-life counterparts. The article is devoted to digital inequality and digital poverty, the evolution of approaches to their study in domestic and foreign academic literature. It is concluded that the theories explaining their existence organically complement each other, giving an idea of the necessary and sufficient conditions for full human participation in the life of a network society. The coverage of different segments of the population with new technologies was not uniform. Special attention is paid to the factors preventing vulnerable segments of the population within the European Union from taking full advantage of technological innovations and fully participating in society. The division of society into digitally engaged and outsiders is a big social and political problem that humanity will have to deal with in the 21st century.
Czech Labour Market: Long-Standing Problems and New Challenges
Authors: Chetverikova A. S
Published: December 2024

The article presents an analysis of the development of the Czech labour market, taking into account demographic trends. The main long-term trends of decreasing unemployment, structural changes and maintaining their attraction for foreign actors are outlined. The negative consequences of the last two years have been assessed. A lack of certain specialists and high-qualified workers remains among the key problems of the Czech labour market which the government regulatory measures are aimed at. Changes in the financing of employment policy and transition to more effective support measures are shown. Special attention is paid to solving the ageing problem and to involving of older people on the labour market. The implemented methods of maintaining employment among this category of citizens are analysed. Operating instruments of attracting highly qualified and qualified workers in the Czech Republic, the base of which are the key programs, are considered. A selectivity of such measures, its flexibility and changing due to political reasons are shown. The role of labour migrants on the Czech labour market is shown using the example of Ukrainians. The Ukrainian labour force traditionally was engaged in lowskilled labour, mainly in construction and industry. The consequences of the influx of refugees because of the Ukrainian crisis, their current situation and consequences for the Czech labour market are analysed. Due to gender and age differences between refugees and typical labour mi grants from Ukraine there is no significant increase in the influence of Ukrainians on the Czech market. Problems of poverty, integration and employment corresponding to qualification remain. The key perspective of changes of the Czech labour market, including problems of shortage of certain categories of specialists, are designated.
Ukrainian Crisis and the Perspectives of the Identism
Authors: Lunkin R. N , Filatov S. B
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the impact of the Ukrainian crisis on the ideological confrontation between identists and antiidentists (ultraliberals, supporters of “liberal democracy”) in the world and the influence of crisis on the prospects of the further consolidation of identism. Identism is considered as the worldview of parties and movements that defend identity and traditions, family values, and criticize immigration to varying degrees and with different accents. It is emphasized that the appeal to identity is increasing in current political decisions and discussions. It raises the question of rethinking the “clash of civilizations” through the dynamics of universalism and particularism, referring to tradition and the protecting identity in the programs of political parties. The analysis of political conflicts and speeches by the leaders of parties and movements demonstrated that anti–Russian policy and the policy of “cancel culture” towards Russia have become a manifestation of a new round of confrontation between mainly Western antiidentism and an emerging global force ‒ traditionalism or identism. Most politicians, public and cultural figures were faced with the dilemma of whether to make a choice in favor of Russia in order to dissociate themselves from antiidentism or to stay away. The logic of confrontation is based on the displacement (in the consistent and harsh application of cancel culture) of one's ideological opponent into a marginal field, if it is not possible to achieve his complete destruction as a social or political player. The Ukrainian crisis has made the confrontation between identitarians and antiidentitarians more pronounced at the international level and opponents of antiidentism have become part of the political space of most countries. The most important feature of the confrontation between the two ideological systems is the significant presence of supporters of various opposing parties in almost all countries and regions.
The Polarisation Phenomenon: Case of Spain
Authors: Khenkin S. M
Published: December 2024

The work of the Spanish sociologist Luis Miller is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of polarisation typical of many countries of the modern world ‒ the division of society into two confrontational, or even warring camps. The monograph examines the causes, nature, varieties, consequences of polarisation, possible ways to overcome its negative consequences. Based on the Spanish experience, the author compares it with the political practice of those countries where similar processes are developing. The monograph demonstrates that polarisation is based on the identification of a person with a particular social community, a certain political choice. In this case, there is a comparison with the Other, which becomes a catalyst in the formation of a common group identity. The Other becomes a catalyst in the formation of a common group identity. L. Miller identifies three types of polarisation ‒ ideological, affective and everyday, giving a characteristic of each of them. Spain in the last decade has become one of the most polarised countries in the world. Among the main causes of polarisation, the author highlights the existence of persistent mass unemployment and deep social inequality, the unresolved territorial problem, expressed in the existence of a strong separatist movement in Catalonia. The transformation of the Spanish party system ‒ the transition from bipartism to a real multi-party system ‒ also played a role. The emergence, along with traditional new very influential parties, led to the formation of left and right political and ideological blocs, relations between which are characterised by a high degree of intolerance. The author sees the effective way to combat the negative consequences of polarisation in reducing the severity of economic and social problems generated by inequality and social exclusion.
Digital preventive medicine
Authors: Ushakov I. B. , Bogomolov A. V.
Published: December 2024

In order to increase the healthy life expectancy and reduce the total temporary disability of the working population, special attention should be paid to the prevention of diseases. The modern level of scientific and technical progress allows to increase the efficiency of solving the problems of preventive medicine through the application of digital technologies. Digital preventive medicine must become an independent research field. The article characterizes the status and prospects of digitalization of key areas of preventive medicine with an emphasis on technologies to preserve the health of the working population. The current issues of digitalization of preventive medicine and priorities of its further development are identified.
The role of dopamine receptor dimer complexes in the pathogenesis of depression
Authors: Gerasimov А. А. , Smirnova О. V.
Published: December 2024

This abstract discusses the oligomerization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which significantly expands the functional capabilities of cells in living organisms by modulating intracellular signaling pathways. This provides a variety of physiological effects in both normal and pathological states. The structure and localization in the brain of one of the most studied heterodimers, the D1-D2 receptor complex, and its signaling cascades, which correlate with the development of depressive disorders, are examined. Sexual differences in the functioning of this heterodimer are analyzed, and the issue of the selectivity of bivalent synthetic ligands in activating specific intracellular pathways is discussed, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets for the targeted treatment of depressive disorders. The concluding part of the abstract addresses the diversity of dopamine receptor heterodimers with other members of the GPCR family and their role in the pathophysiology of depression.
Therapeutic effects of noble gases
Authors: Kabiolskiy I. А. , Simonenko S. D. , Sarycheva N. U. , Dubynin V. А.
Published: December 2024

Since the last century it has been known that inert gases can cause a range of physiological effects. The biological activity of inert gases is an extremely multifaceted phenomenon. Despite the similarity of most physical and chemical characteristics, they are able to affect many organs and tissues by interacting with a variety of protein targets. Currently, it is known that xenon, krypton and argon are capable of changing the functional state of the central nervous system and correcting some psychoemotional disorders. In addition, they influence the processes of apoptosis and cellular response to stress. Noble gases affect the state of the immune system and various parameters of homeostasis. The cytoprotective effects of helium on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems have also been convincingly demonstrated. Thus, noble gases are currently being considered as potential means of correcting various diseases.
This review is devoted to the analysis of literature data on the physiological effects of noble gases identified in biomedical studies on patients, as well as in cell culture and in vivo models. Each chapter of the review is devoted to a particular gas of this group, starting with the most studied ones. For each of the noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon) their physiological activity, the possibility of using these substances in medicine and some known mechanisms of their action are considered. Moreover, in the review existing data were critically analyzed and key gaps that need to be filled in future research were identified.
Voltage-dependent calcium channels in mammalian motor synapses – triggers and modulators of neuromuscular transmission
Authors: Gaydukov А. Е. , Balezina О. P.
Published: December 2024

The initiation of fast synchronous quantal release of neurotransmitters in central and peripheral synapses is ensured by a local increase in the concentration of Ca2+ ions in the nerve terminals near the Ca2+ sensors of synaptic vesicles in response to depolarization of the presynaptic membrane by an action potential (AP) propagating along the axon. The Ca2+- entry from the outside through presynaptic voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels CaV2.1 or CaV2.2 (P/Q- or N-type) is the main way of forming a dynamic Ca2+ signal that initiates the process of exocytosis of synaptic vesicles in virtually all types of chemical synapses and is capable of inducing the development of certain Ca2+-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity. However, in recent years it has become obvious that the set of sources and the spectrum of presynaptic Ca2+ signals are very diverse. Identification of the ensemble of regulatory Ca2+-entries operating in combination with their corresponding targets, description of their contribution to the mechanisms controlling quantal release of neurotransmitter is a topical area of modern synaptic physiology. Among such additional to the trigger Ca2+-inputs, L-type Ca2+-channels are of particular interest. Their role and activation conditions in neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) are poorly studied and do not provide an unambiguous idea of the place of this Ca2+-entry in the regulation of acetylcholine (ACh) release in vertebrate motor synapses. This review systematizes the currently available research results on the diverse functional role of voltage-gated Ca2+-channels in mammalian NMJs and presynaptic signaling pathways that control these Ca2+-inputs and their participation in the processes of fine-tuning the ACh quantal release.
Prenatal hypoxia of early organogenesis period influence on heart rate variability in rats of prepubescent and pubertal age
Authors: Graf А. V. , Maklakova А. S. , Maslova М. V. , Krushinskaya Yа. V. , Guseva А. А. , Sokolova N. А.
Published: December 2024

Risk factors associated with environmental exposure, especially during critical periods of intrauterine development, affect fetal development and increase the risk of certain diseases in adulthood including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Hypoxia is considered the most common and clinically significant form of intrauterine stress that causes systemic pathological changes, in 78% of cases associated with cardiovascular system disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute hypoxia on the 10th day of gestation on heart rate and its regulation in rats’ offspring of prepubescent and pubertal age, as well as to analyze the dependence of resulting disorders on gender.
By the beginning of puberty the heart rate of rats survived prenatal hypoxia was significantly higher than in control accompanied by significant decrease in heart rate variability (dX) which naturally leads to stress index (SI) increase indicating growing sympathetic activity in heart rhythm regulation. At the same time the base heart rate in animals suffered intrauterine hypoxia turned out to be lower than in control. The fact that matured animals of both sexes, survived intrauterine hypoxia in early organogenesis, also show changes in dX and SI indicates long-term and irreversible disorders in heart rhythm regulation. Thus hypoxia during early organogenesis is of a programming nature potentially increasing the risk of developing CVD in adult animals. Moreover the autonomic system balance shift towards the activation of sympathetic tone was more pronounced in females making them more vulnerable to the risk of developing cardiac pathology in puberty.
Intrauterine growth restriction does not lead to pronounced changes in the regulation of arterial contractile responses in rats in the early postnatal period
Authors: Shvetsova А. А. , Selivanova Е. К. , Shilova L. D. , Tarasova О. S. , Gaynullina D. К.
Published: December 2024

Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is one of the most common pathologies of pregnancy. As a result of this pathology, the functioning of many systems, including the cardiovascular system, is disrupted. In adult animals who have suffered IUGR, the contribution of procontractile mechanisms regulating vascular tone (for example, the Rho-kinase signaling pathway) increases, and the contribution of anticontractile mechanisms (for example, endothelial NO), on the contrary, decreases, which can lead to vasospasm and impaired blood supply to organs. Since NO and Rho-kinase have a pronounced vasomotor role in early postnatal ontogenesis, the purpose of this work was to assess the influence of IUGR on the contribution of these mechanisms to the regulation of arterial contractile responses in early postnatal ontogenesis. IUGR was modeled by limiting the amount of food consumed by females (by 50%) from the 11th day of pregnancy until birth. In offspring aged 11 - 12 days, the reactions of the isolated saphenous artery were studied in isometric mode, and the content of mRNA and proteins of interest in this artery was also assessed. IUGR did not lead to a change in the reactivity of the arteries of the offspring to the α1-adrenergic receptor agonist methoxamine. The increase in contractile responses to methoxamine in the presence of the NO-synthase inhibitor L-NNA, as well as the expression levels of eNOS (mRNA and protein) and arginase-2 (mRNA) were not changed in the arteries of IUGR rats, while the sensitivity of the arteries to the exogenous NO donor DEA /NO was higher in IUGR compared to control rat pups. Despite the relatively low content of RhoA and Rho-kinase II proteins in the arterial tissue of rat pups from the IUGR group, the decrease in contractile responses under the influence of the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27632 was equally pronounced in the arteries of rat pups from two experimental groups. Thus, IUGR, caused by maternal nutritional restriction during pregnancy, does not lead to pronounced changes in the regulation of systemic vascular tone in the early postnatal period.
Molecular hydrogen reduces mean and systolic blood pressure in various forms of hypertension, as well as inflammatory processes in lung tissue, in Wistar rats
Authors: Artemieva М. М. , Kuropatkina Т. А. , Shishkina V. V. , Serebryanaya D. V. , Adasheva D. А. , Medvedev О. S. , Medvedeva N. А.
Published: December 2024

Molecular hydrogen demonstrates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been shown to have a protective effect in several cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this work was to study the effect of breathing atmospheric air containing 4% hydrogen on the degree of development of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension and associated lung tissue inflammation, as well as the severity of renovascular hypertension in Wistar rats. Methods. Monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension (MCT-PH) was used as a model of small circle hypertension. Three groups of animals were used in the experiment: "Control" – animals injected with monocrotaline solvent, "MCT-Control" and "MCT-H2" – groups injected with MCT once. The "Control" and "MCT-Control" groups breathed atmospheric air for 21 days, and the "MCT-H2" group breathed air containing 4% hydrogen. Inhalations were kept constant until 21 days. On day 21, haemodynamic parameters were measured under urethane anesthesia and lung samples were fixed for subsequent morphological analysis. Renovascular hypertension 1R1С (RVH) was used as a model of systemic hypertension. There were two groups in the experiment: RVH-C – rats breathed atmospheric air and RVH-H2 rats breathed air containing 4% hydrogen. During the experiment, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured and renal excretory function was assessed. On day 28, haemodynamic parameters were measured under urethane anesthesia. Results. In the MCT model, hydrogen had no effect on the haemodynamic symptoms of MCT hypertension, but decreased mean blood pressure (MBP), SBP and the measured markers of connective tissue remodeling in the lungs, TGF-β and MMP-9, and resulted in decreased tryptase secretion and mast cell counts. In the RVG model, hydrogen breathing decreased MBP, SBP and had no effect on renal excretory function. Conclusion. Inhalation of 4% hydrogen reduces systemic MBP and SBP in both models of arterial hypertension, reduces the severity of the inflammatory process, regulates the phenotypic and functional status of mast cells and inhibits the activity of profibrotic factors in lung tissue in MCT-PH. It is likely that the central action of hydrogen is combined with its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects.
Comprehensive analysis of voluntary wheel training effects on neural control of the heart rate in rats
Authors: Borzykh А. А. , Selivanova Е. К. , Borovik А. S. , Kuzmin I. V. , Vinogradova О. L. , Tarasova О. S.
Published: December 2024

Aerobic physical training is used to prevent and correct many cardiovascular disorders. To study the effects of such physical exercise, various methods of training are used in rodents, among which voluntary wheel running is of particular interest, because it is close to the natural rat locomotion in terms of the pattern of motor activity and is devoid of stressful influence. The aim of this work was a comprehensive study of the effects of wheel running on the nervous control of heart rate (HR) in rats. At the age of 6 weeks, the animals were divided into two groups: training (TR, free access to wheels, n = 11) and sedentary control (CON, n = 12). After 6 weeks of training, ECG was recorded in freely moving rats using skin electrodes in baseline, after blockade of cardiac nervous influences and under air-jet stress (4 min). The effects of the autonomic nervous system were analyzed by administering a β1-adrenergic blocker and a peripherally acting M-cholinoceptor blocker, and by analyzing cardiac rhythm variability using spectral and wavelet analyses. TR group showed a decrease in the baseline HR level compared to the CON group. The decrease in HR upon administration of atenolol (2 mg/kg) did not differ between the groups, but methylatropine (1 mg/kg) caused a more significant increase in HR in the TR group than in the CON group. With the combined action of atenolol and methylatropine, HR levels did not differ between the groups. The rats of the TR group showed an increase in the contribution of high-frequency (0.75–3 Hz) oscillations to the total spectrum power of the RR interval. During air-jet stress, TR group showed a more pronounced increase in HR compared to the CON group. In addition, in the TR group, a decrease in the amplitude of HR high-frequency oscillations was observed during stress, while in the CON group, such a decrease was absent. Thus, the voluntary wheel running is accompanied in the rat by an increase in parasympathetic influences on the heart, which is manifested in an increase in respiratory sinus arrhythmia and in an increase in vagal influence on the resting HR level. Moderate bradycardia at rest provides the possibility of a more pronounced increase in HR during emotional stress because of the suppression of parasympathetic cardiac influences.
Histological features of the hepatic and pancreatic structure of female rats in the model of biliary pancreatitis with hyperprolactinemia
Authors: Sirotina N. S. , Ilieva Т. М. , Rudenko D. V. , Kostenko I. B. , Kurynina А. V. , Balakina Т. А. , Smirnova О. V.
Published: December 2024

Liver diseases accompanied by obstructive cholestasis (OC) often depend on sex. Prolactin hormone levels are often elevated in a variety of hepatopancreatobiliary zone diseases, which is an adverse prognostic sign. To clarify the role of prolactin in the development of pancreatitis under OC conditions, structural changes in hepatic and pancreatic tissue female rats against the background of hyperprolactinemia were investigated. The rats were divided into the following experimental groups: group K – control animals; group HyperPrl – animals with normal hepatic function against the background of hyperprolactinemia; group BP – animals with biliary pancreatitis under OC; group BPhyperPrl – animals with biliary pancreatitis under OC against the background of hyperprolactinemia. Hyperprolactinemia was modeled by transplanting the donor's pituitary gland under the recipient’s kidney capsule. Biliary pancreatitis was simulated with a ligation of the biliopancreatic duct 1 cm prior to its discharge into the duodenum, causing obstruction of the ducts of the splenic segment of pancreas. After 14 days of operations, a biomaterial was collected. The biochemical indicators of the blood serum confirmed the development of ОС and pancreatitis. The structure of the pancreatic parenchyma in the BP and BPhyperPrl groups was changed, especially in the splenic segment. In both groups, tubulo-insula and tubulo-acinar complexes, inflammatory infiltration, acinaro-ductal metaplasia were found, which was accompanied by severe pancreatic parenchyma fibrosis in the group BPhyperPrl. It is important to note that the duodenal segment of pancreas continued to compensate for pancreatitis development in the BP and BPhyperPrl groups. In the hepatic tissue, histological confirmation of the development of obstructive cholestasis was shown in the BP and BPhyperPrl groups, with the loss of the beam structure of hepatocytes and the development of pericellular fibrosis against the background of hyperprolactinemia. Thus, we first showed in our work that female rats with increased prolactin concentration on the background of OC develop a heavier form of pancreatitis with a pronounced pancreatic fibrosis. This model of the development of biliary pancreatitis under OC can be used not only to study the role of prolactin in disruption of the pancreas, but also its participation in compensatory reactions to maintain the work of the exocrine part of the pancreas in this pathology.
U–Pb (ID-TIMS) age of perovskite from kimberlites of the Manchary pipe (Khompu-Maysky kimberlite field, Central Yakutia)
Authors: Oleinikov O. B. , Stifeeva M. V. , Oparin N. A. , Kotov A. B. , Salnikova E. B. , Oshchepkova M. G.
Published: December 2024

The results of U–Pb (ID-TIMS) geochronological studies of perovskite from kimberlite rocks of the Manchary pipe (Khompu-Mai kimberlite field, Central Yakutia) are presented. The U–Pb age estimate (472±1 Ma) indicates the Early Paleozoic age of formation of the Khompu-Mai field kimberlites and allows us to identify a new Aldan kimberlite subprovince within the Aldan anteclise.
New data on potential mobility of artificial radionuclides in bottom sediments of the Yenisei River
Authors: Bolsunovsky A. Ya. , Borisov R. V. , Dementyev D. V.
Published: December 2024

The present study shows that after the shutdown of the nuclear reactor at the Mining-and-Chemical Combine (MCC) of Rosatom in 2010, artificial radionuclides (60Co, 137Cs, 152Eu, and 241Am) are still detected in the bottom sediments (BS) of the Yenisei River in the MCC affected area. The paper, for the first time, reports results of the study comparing potential mobility of artificial radionuclides in the surface and lower layers of the Yenisei BS long after the shutdown of the MCC nuclear reactor. The mobility of radionuclides was estimated using the well-known procedure of sequential extraction of BS. A new finding is that potential mobility of 60Co is higher in the lower (older) BS layers compared with the upper ones. Radionuclide 137Cs is strongly bound with mineral solids of BS (approaching 100%) regardless of the time factor. The new data showing that 241Am and 152Eu retain their high potential mobility in the BS over long periods and that 60Co potential mobility increases over time suggest potential bioavailability of these radionuclides in the Yenisei River ecosystem.
Nature of hydrocarbons in bottom sediments of the seas of the European Arctic
Authors: Nemirovskaya I. A. , Khramtsova A. V. , Gulev S. K.
Published: December 2024

The concentrations and composition of hydrocarbons (aliphatic – AHCs and polycyclic aromatic – PAHs) were determined using molecular markers in bottom sediments of the Greenland-Norwegian basin and the Barents Sea (cruise 84 of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh 2021). The research covered: the deep-sea part of the Greenland Basin, the northern part of the East Greenland Ridge, the near-fault zone in the area of the junction of the Mohn and Knipovich ridges, the Western and Northwestern extremities of the Svalbard shelf (the Vestnese Ridge, the Ermak Plateau, the Sofia Basin and the Hinlopen Trough), the Fram Strait, the Orly Trench area with the intersection of the Erik-Eriksen Trough and the central part of the Barents Sea. The distribution of HCs is determined by the processes occurring in the sedimentary strata (changes in Eh and fluid flows), and, to a lesser extent, by the lithotype of sediments. Therefore, in the thickness of sediments, autochthonous components are formed in the composition of alkanes, and naphthalenes in the composition of PAHs.
3D modeling and age of the collision metamorphism of the Khan-Khukhei Block, Northern Mongolia
Authors: Semenov A. N. , Polyansky O. P. , Reverdatto V. V.
Published: December 2024

The reconstruction of the Early Paleozoic collision metamorphism of the Khan-Khukhei Block (Northern Mongolia) based on 3D modeling of thermal state of the crust and isotope dating is presented. The age of garnet-biotite schist from a metamorphic complex of the Khan-Khukhei Block of 517.4±7.4 Ma is determined for the first time. 3D modeling was conducted to compare this age of metamorphism with the available age determinations of (post-)collision granite formation in the range of 513–505 Ma. The model considers radiogenic heating at an increased value of heat release in the rocks of the thickened crust of the Khan-Khukhei block as the cause of the migmatization and formation of granitoid melts. Three-dimensional modeling was carried out for the first time for the thermal-dome type of metamorphism. The results provide a realistic conception of magma generation in typical collision settings in the absence of mantle magmatic heat sources. The time interval between metamorphism and the stage of anatectic magma formation is 5–12 million years.
Late tecnonic vertical movements of the Far East of Russia
Authors: Simonov D. A. , Didenko A. N. , Zakharov V. S. , Gilmanova G. Z.
Published: December 2024

Morphostructural analysis of the stream network of the south of the Far East has been carried out. It has been established that the latest vertical movements in the region were manifested against the background of an older, already formed and not fully eroded relief. Three stages of relief development are identified, reflecting neotectonic activity in the region: a) pre–Oligocene, characterized by a more intense uplift of the Bureinsky ridge, and less intense – the Sikhote-Alin ridge; b) Oligocene–Pliocene, characterized by the most intense vertical movements in the region during the period under review – late Eocene-Holocene; c) the Pleistocene is Holocene, during which a modern developed erosion-denudation relief was formed and no significant vertical movements occurred in amplitude. A map of the total amplitude of vertical neotectonic movements is constructed.
Modeling the influence of changes in neutral atmosphere parameters on ionospheric electron density
Authors: Zherebtsov G. A. , Tashchilin A. V. , Perevalova N. P. , Ratovsky K. G. , Medvedeva I. V.
Published: December 2024

Based on the modified numerical model of the ionosphere and plasmasphere developed at ISTP SB RAS, we calculated the height profiles of the electron density Ne for the quiet and disturbed thermospheric conditions of January 25, 2009 at the geographical location of Irkutsk (52.4N, 104.3E). The disturbed conditions were simulated by varying the neutral temperature T in the thermosphere. At heights below 180 km and above 250 km, with an increase/decrease in T, an increase/decrease in Ne occurs. At 180–250 km, the opposite pattern is seen: an increase/decrease in T causes a decrease/increase in Ne. The opposite pattern of the change in the Ne profile is associated with the influence of the atomic oxygen to molecular nitrogen density ratio [O]/[N2] at heights of the F-region. Quantitative estimates of the change in Ne at different heights with changes in the neutral temperature were obtained. It has been established that a change in T by 1 K leads to a change in Ne by 0.2–0.3%. The modeling results were compared with observations of the peak electron density NmF2 obtained with the Irkutsk ionosonde during the sudden stratospheric warming in January 2009.
Discovery of new species of dinoflagellates in the pelagial of the northeastern part of the Black Sea
Authors: Matishov G. G. , Yasakova O. N.
Published: December 2024

In the waters of the northeastern part of the Black Sea, new species of dinoflagellates have been noted for this area: Oxyhysis oxytoxoides, Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca, Scaphodinium mirabile, Actiniscus pentasterias. These species, previously indicated only for the waters of Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, Georgia, Ukraine and Crimea, have been found in the pelagial of the northeastern part of the Black Sea in the last decade: in the area from Abkhazia to the Kerch Strait.