bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization and physicochemical properties of wood sawdust in Niger area, Nigeria
Authors: Int Chem
Published: April 2019

Investigation was carried out to examine the characterization and physicochemical properties of some wood sawdust obtained from Niger Delta Area of Nigeria limited for the purpose of usage as an absorbent for remediation of contaminant in soil environment. Experimental examination was conducted on value, moisture content, bulk density and porosity, iodine number and ash content for the various wood sawdust samples from Obuba and Abura, Opepe/mahogany. The result obtained revealed that the pH value of Obuba red (soft wood) is 5.48, Abura (hard wood) 6.18, opepe/mahogany (hard wood) 5.75 and iroko (soft wood) 5.29, whereas the moisture content value opepe/mahogany and iroko. The result further revealed that the bulk density and the porosity value are as presented, grain volume value are 2.910, 2.475, 1.931, and 2.959, bulk density value are 1.0317, 0.884, 0.2190, 0.4306, 0.5490, and 0.3499 for obuba red, abura, opepe/mahogany and iroko. The iodine number tested demonstrates the following value of 10.20, 6.90, 13.90 and 5:9 and 6.6 for obuba red, abura, opepe/mahogany and iroko. Finally, it was demonstrated that the usefulness of characterization and examination of physicochemical properties of functional components that control and improve the monitoring, predicting and determination of the kinetics values.
Ground water quality of selected areas of Punjab and Sind Provinces, Pakistan: Chemical and microbiological aspects
Authors: Int Chem
Published: April 2019

The assessment of groundwater is essential for the estimation of suitability of water for safe use. An attempt has been made to study the groundwater of selected areas of Punjab (Sheikhupura & Sahiwal) and Sindh (Sindh, Jawar Dharki and Dharki), Pakistan. The results indicate that pH, color and odor were all within limits of WHO that is pH ranges 6.5–8.5, colorless and odorless, respectively. The high values of suspended solids were observed in the Sindh-1 and Dharki samples. Microbiologically only Sahiwal and Jawar Dharki were found fit for drinking purpose. Trace metals analysis of Sheikhupura-1 and Sindh-1 showed that values do not fall within limits of WHO for Iron. The ionic concentration analysis showed that high bicarbonate (HCO3-), ions are present in the samples of Sahiwal and Dharki; Sindh-1 and Jawar Dharki samples showed very high concentration for chloride ions, all samples were satisfactory level for sulphate (SO42-), sodium, magnesium and phosphate ions except samples of Sindh-1 and Jawar Dharki. High concentration of calcium and potassium ions was observed in samples of Sindh-1, while all other samples were found fit for drinking purposes in respect of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium ions. The high concentration of Fluoride was found only in Sheikhupura-2 samples.
Diverse chemical and biological potentials of various pyridazine and pyridazinone derivatives
Authors: Int Chem
Published: April 2019

A series of heterocyclic compounds incorporating pyridazine moiety were for diverse biological activities. Pyridazines and pyridazinones derivatives showed wide spectrum of biological activities such as vasodialator, cardiotonic, anticonvulsant, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-feedant, herbicidal, and various other biological, agrochemical and industrial chemical activities. The results illustrated that the synthesized pyridazine/pyridazine compounds have diverse and significant biological activities. Mechanistic insights into the biological properties of pyridazinone derivatives and various synthetic techniques used for their synthesis are also described.
Mathematical model to predict the characteristics of polarization in dielectric materials: The concept of piezoelectrcity and electrostriction
Authors: Int Chem
Published: April 2019

Model was developed for the prediction of polarization characteristics in a dielectric material exhibiting piezoelectricity and electrostriction based on mathematical equations and MATLAB computer simulation software. The model was developed based on equations of polarization and piezoelectric constitutive law and the functional coefficient of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) crystal material used was 2.3×10-6 m (thickness), the model further allows the input of basic material and calculation of parameters of applied voltage levels, applied stress, pressure, dielectric material properties and so on, to generate the polarization curve, strain curve and the expected deformation change in the material length charts. The mathematical model revealed that an application of 5 volts across the terminals of a 2.3×10-6 m thick dielectric material (PZT) predicted a 1.95×10-9 m change in length of the material, which indicates piezoelectric properties. Both polarization and electric field curve as well as strain and voltage curve were also generated and the result revealed a linear proportionality of the compared parameters, indicating a resultant increase in the electric field yields higher polarization of the dielectric materials atmosphere.
Tomographic Processing of Synthetic Aperture Radar Signals for Enhanced Resolution
Authors: Bauck Jerald
Published: April 2019

Spotlight-mode synthetic aperture radar imaging is studied from the viewpoint of tomographic signal processing which allows the relaxation of the nearly-universal assumption that plane waves pass over the ground patch. This allows high-quality image reconstruction in the face of arbitrary amounts of wavefront curvature such as would be present when the angle subtended by the ground patch, as seen by the radar, is not small. One such application is wide-area surveillance. A meth- odology is used which has the benefits of a wideband transmitted signal (impulse) and a sensible simulation. Image reconstruction algorithms are developed for monostatic and bistatic systems. Simulation results using these algorithms compare favorably with baseline simulations which use a more conventional algorithm operating on data which do not embody the effects of wavefront curvature. Comments on system design and computational implementation are made as necessary. A new set of problems which appear to benefit from the tomographic viewpoint is posed. This work may also find applications in some forms of reflection tomography.
PEMBUATAN ATAU PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS INFORMATION TEKNOLOGI (IT)
Authors: HIJRIANI DWI
Published: April 2019

Media pembelajaran yang paling ngetren pada zaman ini adalah media pembelajaran berbasis IT. Media pembelajaran berbasis IT adalah media yang digunakan untuk membuat media yang bersifat audio visual. Dengan adanya audio visual tersebut dapat menumbuhkan, bahkan meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa semua jenjang pendidikan. Dalam pengembangan media atau pembuatan media perlu dilakukannya analysis, desain, pengembangan, dan evaluasi sehingga produk tersebut layak untuk digunakan sebagai mestinya. aplikasi yang digunakan dalam mengembangkan produk tersebut adalah adobe flash dan camtasia.
SISTEM PENGELOLAAN ALUMNI PROGRAM DIII MIK UNIVERSITAS EKASAKTI
Authors: Mallisza Danyl
Published: April 2019

Alumni memiliki peranan yang penting untuk pengembangan sebuah institusi pendidikan. Karena alumni bisa berperan sebagai duta yang mencerminkan kualitas sebuah institusi pendidikan di ranah publik. Tetapi untuk saat ini masih belum ada wadah yang efektif yang bisa memfasilitasi alumni. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, perlu dibangun sistem yang mampu menangani proses pengelolaan alumni. Sistem ini mampu menampilkan data alumni, lowongan pekerjaan, menampilkan data pekerjaan alumni, membuat topik dan mengomentari topik. Sistem ini diharapkan dapat mempermudah manajemen pengelolaan alumni pada program Diploma III Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Universitas Ekasakti. Sistem Informasi Portal Alumni Program Diploma III Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Universitas Ekasakti ini berbasis web dengan bahasa pemrograman PHP, framework CodeIgniter, dan basis data MySQL. Perancangan sistem informasi mengacu kepada kebutuhan-kebutuhan informasi yang diperlukan oleh pengguna, dan dimodelkan ke dalam diagram-diagram yang terdapat di dalam metode UML (Unified Modeling Language). Dengan adanya sistem ini, dapat dibuat sebuah website yang dapat menampung seluruh informasi mengenai alumni dan lowongan pekerjaan secara terpusat dengan cepat, tepat, dan akurat. Hasil keluaran yang diharapkan dari penelitian ini adalah proses manajemen data alumni dan tugas akhir mahasiswa menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien
PENGARUH KOMPRES DINGIN TERHADAP PENGURANGAN NYERI LUKA PERINEUM PADA IBU POSTPARTUM DI RSKDIA PERTIWI MAKASSAR 2017
Authors: Rismawati
Published: April 2019

Penggunaan kompres dingin terbukti dapat menghilangkan nyeri, terapi dingin menimbulkan efek analgetik dengan memperlambat kecepatan hantaran saraf sehingga impuls nyeri yang mencapai otak lebih sedikit. Kompres dingin akan menyebabkan ibu postpartum merasa nyaman, karena efek analgetik dari kompres dingin yang menurunkan kecepatan hantaran syaraf sehingga implus nyeri yang sampai ke otak lebih sedikit sehingga menurunkan sensasi nyeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompres dingin terhadap pengurangan nyeri yang dirasakan pada ibu nifas di RSKDIA Pertiwi Makassar tahun 2017.Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah “Pre-experimental” yang menggunakan rancangan “One Group Pre Test-Post Test Design”. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu nifas yang dirawat di RSKDIA Pertiwi Makassar pada bulan april yaitu sebanyak 66 ibu nifas. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 30 responden dengan tekhnik pengambilan sampel yaitu menggunakan Non probability Sampling dengan jenis “Purposive sampling” kemudian data sajikan dengan menggunakan Uji t Sampel Berpasangan dengan melihat Nilai Continuity Correction dengan tingkat kemaknaan α= 0,05 pada SPSS Versi 16.Berdasarkan Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan hasil analisa dengan uji t diperoleh ρ= 0,000 sehingga ρ<α (0,05) maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, artinya ada Pengaruh Kompres Dingin Terhadap Pengurangan Nyeri Luka Perineum Pada Ibu Postpartum Di RSKDIA Pertiwi Makassar Tahun 2017. Bagi instansi pelayanan baik rumah sakit maupun puskesmas dapat menfaslitasi bidan untuk menggunakan kompres dingin dalam memberikan asuhan pengurangan nyeri luka perineum
Mathematics Anxiety and Math Instructional Time in First-Year Elementary School Teachers
Authors: Morton Heidi L. , Dykeman Cass
Published: April 2019

Math anxiety is a pervasive problem that negatively impacts both children and adults. Teachers with math anxiety can unintentionally pass this anxiety on to their students; in addition, past studies have shown that these teachers may also end up spending less time engaged in math instruction. Both of these results can negatively impact their students for years to come. The present study examines the impact of a brief expressive writing intervention on three first-year elementary school teachers with math anxiety. Expressive writing interventions have been shown to have positive impacts on variables ranging from test anxiety to math performance. This multiple-baseline, multiple-probe, single-case research design examined the impacts of three 10-min expressive writing interventions on two variables: levels of math anxiety (as measured by the FS-ANX subscale of the Fennema-Sherman Mathematics Anxiety Scale) and the number of minutes engaged in math instruction. Results for both variables were mixed. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Issues on Quality Research to Publish
Authors: Baral Gehanath
Published: April 2019

Aims: To sensitize authors and new researchers to produce a quality research manuscript.
Methods: Review of experiences and challenges faced by scientifi c journal editors and new authors; and scientifi c writing guidelines and workshops.
Results: Impatient submission of manuscript with inadequate understanding of authors’ guidelines. Strength of own research and scope of journal not matching; lack of minimum training on writing and submission; journal publication from professional organizations not in primary priority list because of its voluntary nature of work.
Conclusions: Publishing depends on professional commitment, academic interest and need, personal career and institutional interest, and availability of specifi c biomedical publishers.
Keywords: authors’ guideline, biomedical journal, publication
Genetic Testing for Hereditary Gynaecological Cancer: An important and a New Avenue for developing Countries
Authors: Pokharel Hanoon P
Published: April 2019

Aims: To explore the scope of genetic testing for gynecological cancer in Nepal.
Methods: Review of genetic testing methods and assessment of facilities and barriers within the country.
Results: Country’s resources are still limited but the genetic testing cost is decreasing substantially. Gynecological service providers are increasing to provide services who can be the appropriate candidates to acquire training on genetic testing.
Conclusions: Hereditary cancer diagnosis using stable buccal swab would be feasible with appropriate training.
Demographic Study of Female Victims of Sexual Violence Referred to Forensic Medicine in Fars Province
Authors: Vaziri F. , Ghodrati F. , Saadatmand N. , Zarenezhad M. , Foruhari S. , Akbarzadeh M.
Published: April 2019

Aims: To determine the clients’ profile of referred in female victims of sexual violence.
Methods: In a period of 7 years (2006-2012), 2113 cases of plaintiffs complaining about women sexual violence were investigated by a questionnaire after receiving permission from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine Organization. Data were analyzed after entering SPSS software, version 16, using descriptive statistics and chi-square.
Results: The prevalence of rape has decreased in different ages. In 1668 cases, the plaintiffs were female (78.93 %) and most of the victims (36.5%) aged between 16 and 25 years old. According to Fisher test, there was a significant relationship between the age of the victims and different years of examination (p≤0.001). The highest frequency of 30% is reported at elementary education level. The highest frequency of sexual violence against women (18.3%) was reported in 2006 followed by 18.2% in 2011. In terms of occupation, the highest frequency of victims was related to students estimated as 40.52%.
Conclusions: Because of the unpleasant nature of sexual violence, there is a serious need for urgent and necessary consideration of its harmful effects and root out this social dilemma by policy makers. Sexual abuse must be prevented especially using religious achievements or by developing effective control strategies detected and by experience female health care users treated.
Two Years Trend of Cervical Screening and Precancerous and Cancerous Lesion in Cervical Biopsy in Paropakar Maternity and Women's Hospital
Authors: Vaidya Karishma Malla , Baral Gehanath , Shrestha Bigya
Published: April 2019

Aims: To determine the detection rate of cervical lesion by cervical Pap test and to see the ongoing trend of Pap testing in the hospital.
Methods: The retrospective study was conducted in department of pathology, Paropakar Maternity and Women's Hospital, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal from 2016 to 2018. Pap testing sample received in the department were included in the study. All the data were retrieved from computers and registers at record section and histopathology unit.
Results: There were 5.49% (1688 out of 30725) and 6.12% (1779 out of 29062) of gynecology out-patients had Pap test in first and second year respectively. Epithelial cells abnormalities were seen in 6.1% (104) and 4.83% (86) in first and second year respectively. Cervical biopsy sample in first year and second year had precancer and cancerous lesion in 29.55% (94 out of 318) and 22.01% (59 out of 268) in second year.
Conclusions: Epithelial abnormalities seen in Pap test could detect quite a good proportion of abnormal cervical lesion in biopsy specimen of cervix.
Pregnancy after Obstetric Fistula: Should It Be Encouraged?
Authors: Shrestha Ranjana , Tiwari Kenusha Devi , Dangal Ganesh , Karki Aruna , Pradhan Hema , Bhattachan Kabin , Poudel Rekha , Bajracharya Nishma , Bharati Sonu
Published: April 2019

Obstetric fistula (OF) is a life-changing morbidity associated with childbirth. It occurs especially after a prolonged obstructed labor and is a major public health problem in the developing countries. The smell of stool and urine leads to the ostracization and rejection of fistula patients by their spouses, families, friends and society in whole. Surgical treatment of fistula is possible. However, this successful outcome of fistula repair surgery is dependent on pre-operative care and the post-operative care such as delaying the commencement of sexual intercourse and delaying conception. Family planning can aid to this. Pregnancy is advised after minimum of 12 months’ post-repair and mode of delivery should be elective cesarean section. Here, we present a case of 23 years’ female, who suffered from obstetric fistula who underwent obstetric fistula repair twice, re-married and conceived after a year with successful elective cesarean delivery.
Turner's Syndrome: Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Sah Sadhana , Dangal Ganesh , Karki Aruna , Pradhan Hema , Shrestha Ranjana , Bhattachan Kabin , Poudel Rekha , Bajracharya Nishma , Jha Umesh , Tiwari Kenusha , Bharati Sonu
Published: April 2019

Turner's syndrome is the most common karyotypic abnormality causing gonadal failure and primary amenorrhea. It is characterized by short stature and absence of secondary sexual characteristics. It is diagnosed by increased plasma FSH and LH level with low level of estrogen i.e. hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism. Ultrasound abdomen reveals streak ovaries and atrophic uterus. Karyotype confirms the diagnosis of Turner's syndrome (45XO).
We present here a 15 years girl who presented with primary amenorrhea with short stature with breast development corresponds to Tanner stage I. Her FSH was raised. Ultrasound abdomen showed uterine agenesis and streak ovaries. Karyotype showed 45XO which confirmed the diagnosis of Turner's syndrome. She is now on estrogen therapy and her height has increased and breast development corresponds to Tanner stage II.
Keywords: hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, primary amenorrhea, Turner's syndrome
Laparoscopic Cystectomy of Huge Ovarian Cyst in Nulliparous Woman
Authors: Thakur Amarnath , Dangal Ganesh , Karki Aruna , Pradhan Hema Kumari , Shrestha Ranjana , Bhattachan Kabin , Poudel Rekha , Bajracharya Nishma , Giri Kanti Prabha , Tiwari Kenusha Devi
Published: April 2019

Mucinous cystadenoma arises from the totipotent surface epithelium of the ovary. Its association with Brenner tumor suggests its origin as mucinous metaplasia of the epithelioid cells. The chance of malignancy is 5–10 percent. Patients usually present with abruptly increasing abdominal mass. Cystectomy is the management of choice in these cases. It was managed by laparoscopy.
Comparison between Sublingual and Vaginal Misoprostol for Induction of Labour in Primigravida
Authors: Ghimire Sailaja , Sharma Deepanjali , Dhakal Samjhana , Baral Gehanath
Published: April 2019

Aims: To compare the outcome and side effects of administration of sublingual misoprostol with vaginal misoprostol for induction of labour and cervical ripening.
Methods: It was a hospital based comparative study which was carried out in 120 patients in each group of sublingual and vaginal route of misoprostol induction from August 2016 to February 2017 at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Thapathali, Kathmandu. Patients with Bishops score <6 were subjected for Misoprostol 25 μg (for maximum 2 doses) 6 hours apart. Results were analyzed using SPSS 21 taking p-value <0.05 as statistically significant.
Results: The mean change in Bishops score after 6 hours of misoprostol was statistically signifi cantly (p=0.001) in sublingual group in comparison to vaginal group. The diff erence in augmentation rate was not statistically signifi cant (p= 0.811). The mean time interval from drug administration to delivery was almost similar in both groups. The indications for cesarean section were similar in both the groups, the most common being fetal distress, (67.33% in sublingual and 58.065% in vaginal group). In terms of maternal and neonatal outcome there was no difference.
Conclusions: Sublingual route results in significant changes of Bishop’s score as compared to vaginal route. It was also significantly better in terms of fetal outcome. However, both routes appeared similar in terms of maternal outcome.
Primary Pelvic Hydatid Cyst: a Rare Case
Authors: Subedi Kirtipal , Vaidhya Karishma , Shrestha Bigya , KC Kamana
Published: April 2019

Hydatid cyst is ecchinococcal disease caused by tapeworm echinococcus, most commonly by metacestode stage of echinococcus granulosus. Liver is the most common organ to be aff ected followed by lungs and spleen. Primary hydatid cyst in the pelvis is rare. We report a case of primary isolated pelvic hydatid cyst diagnosed incidentally during laparotomy performed for adnexal mass.
Key words: adnexae, albendazole, echinococcus, hydatid cyst, laparotomy
Dissemination of Scientific Knowledge on Reforming Public Administration
Authors: Bouckaert Geert
Published: April 2019

This paper is about organising knowledge on the functioning of the public sector. This knowledge is not contained within a single discipline but within many empirical disciplines ranging from law, economics, management, and political science to sociology, psychology, and the like. This knowledge is clustered and scientifically organised in the field of Public Administration (PA). This paper is also relevant for knowledge about the content of policies, in which case knowledge provided by the field of PA must be added to specific knowledge of the relevant policy field, for example, education, health, security, agriculture, and so on. To make the field of PA fit for purpose, i.e., to develop grounded and evidence-based reform policies for a functional public sector of the future, there is a need to reflect thoroughly on how to organise supply and demand and the match between these, not just with regard to data and information but useful knowledge as well. To do this, it is necessary to study the shifting mechanisms of PA knowledge supply, demand, and their match (or mismatch). A set of eleven “lessons” for stakeholders in the field of PA knowledge has been formulated.
Explaining Local Self-Government Reorganisation in Croatia
Authors: Menger Mariza
Published: April 2019

This article deals with changes to the system of local and regional self-government in Croatia between 2003 and 2017. For the most part, reform efforts, excluding some positive developments with regard to the promotion of the democratic principles of governance, have not been successful. The article addresses the question of how to theoretically account for these changes. The aim is to offer an understanding of reform failure by focussing on the preceding processes. The article begins by establishing that reform efforts in the existing literature on Croatian local- and middle-level government reorganisation have predominantly been explained either by means of the rational-instrumental perspective or the power and conflict perspective. The former argues that reorganisation outcomes are a product of rational decision-makers, who in the early 1990s and afterwards sought to, for one reason or another, establish centralistic administration of public affairs. The latter, on the other hand, proposes that the current local- and middle-level government structure is a direct reflection of the power structure of the current constellation of political actors. The article goes on to suggest that, at least in part, changes made to the system can be attributed to the garbage can model of decision-making. This is due to the fact that participation in the decision-making arena throughout this period was fluid, the decision-makers’ attention scarce and their goals ambiguous, and the definitions of the problems unclear.
THEORETICAL PREREQUISITE OF “GREEN” ECONOMICS INNOVATION PARADIGM FORMATION IN THE SYSTEM OF URBAN TRANSPORT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: ILCHENKO S.V.
Published: April 2019

Topicality. The lack of understanding of the relationship between the state of the environment and the degree of degradation of urban agglomerations leads to an increase in socially necessary costs for the protection, use and restoration of the natural environment and compensation costs in support and quality of the environment, gradual decrease in the quality and quantity of natural assets, the aggravation of developmental problems cities as ecosystems of human life. At the same time, the growth of the economy leads to an increase in environmental pollution. This fact is confirmed by statistical data. Therefore, choosing a sustainable path of development, it is necessary to focus on mechanisms that will contribute to transforming the structure of the economy in such a way that its further development does not endanger the environment and does not diminish the quality of life of the citizens of this country. In this sense, it is advisable to form a new innovation paradigm of the "green economy" in the direction of meeting the objectives set by the goals of sustainable development.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the paper is to identify and substantiate the prerequisites for the formation of an innovation paradigm of the "green economy", the onset of which should ensure the ecologization of urban transport in the system of its sustainable development.Research results. The reasons, which are substantiated in the article, are proposed to be solved only by a holistic, global approach. Since qualitative transformations can not do without significant financial resources, the volumes of which are constantly reduced due to the influence of external factors, which also affects the developed countries of the world, the mechanisms that will enable them to get the desired result with minimal investment resources are the foreground. The article emphasizes the creation of acceptable conditions, or at least a departure from the policy of only administrative prohibitions, global control of everything and non-obstruction of the evolutionary development of events within the line of the framework conditions.Conclusions. The article proposes a substantiated list of basic mechanisms that should be the basis for the operation and development of various urban transport systems. Emphasis is placed on the need for innovative development of transport, which is also expressed in the form of programs and strategies, which are supported by tax, subsidiary, legislative, legal and other preferences. The leading directions of this development are identified, summarized in the form of a list of priority and determinative actions.
Signal Intensity of High B-value Diffusion-weighted Imaging for the Detection of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Rezaeian A , Tahmasebi Birgani M J , Chegeni N , Sarkarian M , Hanafi M Gh , Akbarizadeh Gh
Published: April 2019

Background: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a main component of multiparametric MRI for prostate cancer detection. Recently, high b value DWI has gained more attention because of its capability for tumor characterization.Objectives: To assess based on histopathological findings of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy as a reference, an increase in signal intensity of prostatic lesions in comparison with normal background tissue on high b-value diffusion-weighted images could be a sign of malignancy. Material and Methods: Fifty-three consecutive patients retrospectively included in the study. All patients underwent routine TRUS-guided prostate biopsies involving 12 cores after the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. In seventeen patients (n =35 lesions), the prostate cancer was histologically confirmed by TRUS-guided prostate biopsy. The biopsy results of other patients were negative. Signal intensities on the high b-value (1600 s/mm2) images of the peripheral zone, the central gland, and the defined lesions were evaluated using region of interest-based measurements. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for prostate cancer detection using signal intensity of high b value diffusion-weighted images were calculated.Results: In the patients with confirmed prostate cancer, fourteen had visually increased SI on the high b-value images. The SI of lesions for these patients was higher than the SI of peripheral zone (22±18%) or central gland (31±20%). In patients with a negative biopsy, eight had visually increased SI on the high b-value images. The SI of lesions for these patients was 23±21% and 35±18% higher than the SI in the peripheral zone and the central gland, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for prostate cancer using SI of high b value DWI were 71, 87, 62, and 87 %, respectively.Conclusions: Visually increased SI on the high b-value images can be an indication of malignancy, although some benign lesions also show this increase in signal intensity.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN SISWA DALAM PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIK MELALUI PENDEKATAN METAKOGNITIF
Authors: Nanang Nanang
Published: April 2019

Penelitian eksperimen ini  bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan dan membandingkan kemampuan  pemecahan masalah matematik pada kelompok siswa yang pembelajarannya menerapkan pendekatan metakognitif (PM) dan pendekatan konvensional (PK). Instrumen yang digunakan berupa tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematik. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji gain ternormalisasi dan uji perbedaan dua rata-rata. Hasil utama dari penelitian ini adalah secara keseluruhan siswa yang pembelajarannya dengan PM (kelompok eksperimen) peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematiknya termasuk tinggi dan secara signifikan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan siswa yang pembelajarannya dengan PK (kelompok kontrol).
PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIK SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA
Authors: Sofyan Deddy
Published: April 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menelaah model pembelajaran yang lebih baik dalam meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi matematik pada kelompok siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran berbasis masalah  terbuka, pembelajaran berbasis masalah terstruktur, dan pembelajaran konvensional. Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimen berbentuk kelompok kontrol pretes-postes. Populasi Penelitian ini adalah Siswa SMP Negeri di kabupaten Garut yang termasuk kategori sekolah kelompok tinggi. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII salah satu SMP Negeri di kabupaten Garut. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah kemampuan komunikasi matematik siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran berbasis masalah terbuka sama baiknya dengan siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran konvensional. Kemampuan komunikasi matematik siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran berbasis masalah terbuka dan pembelajaran konvensional lebih baik daripada siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran berbasis masalah terstruktur.
Penerapan Pembelajaran Matematika Realistik Berbantuan GeoGebra untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa SMP
Authors: Nopiyani Dian , Turmudi Turmudi , Prabawanto Sufyani
Published: April 2019

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya fakta bahwa kemampuan komunikasi matematis di Indonesia tergolong rendah. Model maupun pendekatan yang digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran menjadi salah satu faktor pendukung keberhasilan pembelajaran matematika di kelas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa SMP dengan pembelajaran matematika realistik berbantuan GeoGebra. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kuasi eksperimen. Penelitian dilakukan di sebuah SMP Negeri di Lembang, Bandung. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa instrumen tes valid dan reliabel sehingga dapat digunakan untuk pretes dan postes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran matematika realistik berbantuan GeoGebra lebih baik daripada siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran matematika realistik tanpa GeoGebra. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat respon yang positif dari siswa terhadap pembelajaran matematika realistik dengan GeoGebra.ABSTRACTThe research was taken because the fact shows that the mathematical communication skill in Indonesia is weak. Models and approaches which are used in learning process being one of the factors that supports the success of mathematical learning. The purpose of this study is to analyze the mathematical communication skill of students in Junior High School by using Realistic Mathematics Education with GeoGebra. This study used a quasi-experiment method. It was held in a Junior High School in Lembang, Bandung. The result of this study showed that mathematical communication of students who learned mathematics using Realistic Mathematics Education with GeoGebra are better than students who learned mathematics using Realistic Mathematics Education with no GeoGebra. The result also indicated that there are positive responses from students toward Realistic Mathematics Education with GeoGebra.
Profil Penalaran Kuantitatif Siswa SMP Ditinjau dari Gender
Authors: Fu'adiah Dzikra
Published: April 2019

ABSTRAKPenelitian kualitatif deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan profil penalaran kuantitatif siswa SMP ditinjau dari gender. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, digunakan tiga instrumen, yaitu tes kemampuan matematika untuk menentukan subjek penelitian dan tugas penalaran kuantitatif dan pedoman wawancara untuk mengumpulkan data profil penalaran kuantitatif subjek penelitian. Profil penalaran kuantitatif ditinjau dari gender adalah sebagai berikut: (1) subjek perempuan dan subjek laki-laki memahami informasi kuantitatif dengan berbagai bentuk; (2) subjek laki-laki merumuskan persamaan dari hasil interpretasi informasi kuantitatif yang diberikan secara implisit; (3) dari hasil interpretasi, subjek perempuan menyebutkan terdapat dua kuantitas sedangkan subjek laki-laki menyebutkan terdapat tiga kuantitas yang terlibat dalam masalah soal dan keduanya menyebutkan beberapa hubungan kuantitas-kuantitas tersebut; (4) subjek perempuan menggunakan metode geometri dengan menerapkan suatu sifat, sedangkan laki-laki menggunakan metode aljabar dengan menyusun dan menyelesaikan suatu persamaan; (5) keduanya memperkirakan jawaban dan memeriksa kemasuk-akalannya dengan berbeda sesuai dengan metode yang digunakan; (6) keduanya mengkomunikasikan informasi kuantitatif secara lisan maupun tulisan; (7) kedua subjek mengenali keterbatasan metode yang digunakan dalam menyelesaikan soal.ABSTRACTThis research was a descriptive qualitative reseach. The research objectives were to describe profile of the quantitative reasoning of female and male junior high school students. To reach this objective, the reseacher employed three instruments, namely a mathematical ability test to determine participants and quantitative reasoning tasks and a interview guidance to collect data of profile of the quantitative reasoning of the students. Profile of the quantitative reasoning based on gender were: (1) the both of participants understand quantitative information given in various formats; (2) the male participant can formulate an equation as a product of interpreating quantitative information which given implicitly; (3) as a result of interpratation, the female participant said that there were two quantities, whereas the male participant said there were three quantities involved in a problem and both of them mentioned several relationships among the quantities; (4) the female employed the geometry method by applying the properties of parallel lines and a two-line intersection, whereas the male employed algebra method by formulating and solving an one-variable linear equation to solve a problem; (5) both of them estimated answers and checked its reasonableness in different ways appropriate to the method that each employed; (6) both of them communicated quantitative information in verbal and written ways; (7) both of participants recognised a limitation of each own method that they umployed to solve a problem.Quantitative Reasoning, Gender
Miskonsepsi Siswa dalam Memahami Konsep Nilai Tempat Bilangan Dua Angka
Authors: Matitaputy Christi
Published: April 2019

ABSTRAKKonsep-konsep matematika yang diberikan pada tingkat Sekolah Dasar merupakan konsep dasar yang berguna untuk pemahaman matematika di tingkat selanjutnya. Adanya miskonsepsi membuat pembelajaran menjadi tidak bermakna dan hubungan antar konsep menjadi terputus. Banyak hal yang menyebabkan terjadinya miskonsepsi dalam memahami nilai tempat bilangan dua angka, diantaranya dari siswa itu sendiri yang belum memahami makna nilai tempat bilangan dua angka. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa beberapa siswa belum dapat mengembangkan ide bahwa ‘ratusan’ merupakan suatu kumpulan baru yang berisikan sepuluh puluhan dan ‘puluhan’ merupakan suatu kumpulan baru yang berisikan sepuluh satuan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada siswa Kelas 2 SD Negeri 179 Palembang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan beberapa kesalahan konsep yang dibuat oleh siswa dalam memahami nilai tempat bilangan dua angka. Hasil penelitian menunjukan beberapa miskonsepsi siswa diantaranya adalah (1) Siswa belum mamahami prosedur dalam menghitung dan memisahkan bilangan satuan dan puluhan. (2) siswa mempunyai alternatif konsep lain tentang bilangan dua digit dan membaca bilangan tersebut sebagai bilangan yang terlepas dari suatu nilai tempat, (3) siswa memiliki alternatif konsep lain dalam memahami penjumlahan angka puluhan dan satuan.ABSTRACTMathematical concepts are given at the elementary school level is a basic concept that is useful for understanding mathematics at the next level. Their misconceptions make learning becomes no meaningful and the relationships between concepts become disconnected. Many factors led to misconceptions in understanding the value of a two digit number, such as from the students themselves who do not understand the meaning of the place value of two digit numbers. This study revealed that some students have not been able to develop the idea that 'hundreds' is a new collection containing ten tens and 'tens' is a new collection containing ten units. Research was conducted on Second Grade students at SD Negeri 179 Palembang. The purpose of this study are describe some of the misconceptions created by the students in understanding the value of a two-digit number. The results showed some misconceptions students such as; (1) Students are not understanding the procedures in counting and separating the units and tens. (2) the students have another alternative conceptions of two-digit numbers and they read these numbers as numbers that apart from a place value, (3) the students have another alternative concepts in understanding the sum of the tens and sum units.
Meninjau Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis Siswa SMP melalui Wawancara Berbasis Tugas Geometri
Authors: Siregar Nurfadilah
Published: April 2019

ABSTRAKStudi awal atau biasa disebut dengan pilot study merupakan studi pendahuluan yang dilakukan oleh kebanyakan peneliti sebagai suatu hal yang penting dalam proyek penelitian selanjutnya. Pada tulisan ini, penulis memaparkan hasil wawancara yang dilakukan dengan dua orang siswa kelas VIII pada salah satu sekolah menengah pertama di Kabupaten Bandung Barat terkait dengan menggali penalaran matematis siswa SMP. Wawancara dilakukan dengan menggunakan pedoman wawancara berbasis tugas geometri. Diperoleh hasil bahwa penalaran matematis kedua siswa tersebut terkait penyelesaian tugas geometri masih rendah. Siswa lebih cenderung menyelesaikan tugas secara langsung tanpa mengetahui alasan mereka menjawab tugas geometri tersebut.ABSTRACTPreliminary study or commonly called the pilot study is a study conducted by most researchers as an important issue in future research projects. In this paper, the author present results of interviews conducted with two students in eighth grade at one of junior high school in West Bandung regency about digging their mathematical reasoning. Interviews were conducted by using a task-based geometry. The results indicate that mathematical reasoning of the students’ related to the completion of geometry task still low. Students more likely to complete tasks directly without knowing the reason they answered the geometry tasks.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa melalui Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah
Authors: Sumartini Tina Sri
Published: April 2019

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh hasil-hasil penelitian terdahulu yang menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa belum sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Salah satu pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis adalah pembelajaran berbasis masalah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa sebagai akibat dari pembelajaran berbasis masalah. Penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen yang menerapkan dua pembelajaran yaitu pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan pembelajaran konvensional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa di salah satu SMK di Kabupaten Garut. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling, dan diperoleh dua kelas sebagai sampel penelitian. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa: (1) peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran berbasis masalah lebih baik daripada siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran konvensional, (2) Kesalahan-kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh siswa ketika mengerjakan soal-soal yang berkaitan dengan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis adalah kesalahan karena kecerobohan atau kurang cermat, kesalahan mentransformasikan informasi, kesalahan keterampilan proses, dan kesalahan memahami soal.ABSTRACTThis research is motivated by the results of previous studies that showed that students' mathematical problem solving ability is not as expected. One lesson to improve mathematical problem solving is based learning problems . The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in students' mathematical problem solving ability as a result of problem-based learning. This study is a quasi-experimental study that applies two problem-based learning and conventional learning. The population in this study were students in one of the vocational schools in Garut. Sampling was done by purposive sampling, and obtained two classes as the study sample. The research instrument used was a test of mathematical problem solving abilities. Based on these results we concluded that: (1) the increase in students' mathematical problem solving ability that gets problem-based learning better than students who received conventional learning, (2) mistakes made by student when working on the problems related to mathematical problem solving ability was a mistake due to carelessness or less closely, tansform fault information, error process skills, and misunderstanding question.Keywords: problem based learning, mathematical problem solving ability
Peningkatan Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematis Siswa melalui Pembelajaran Kooperatif Teknik Kancing Gemerencing dan Number Head Together
Authors: Muna Dina Nailul , Afriansyah Ekasatya Aldila
Published: April 2019

ABSTRAKMetode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuasi eksperimen dengan menggunakan dua kelas, yaitu kelas kuasi eksperimen I dan kelas kuasi eksperimen II. Populasinya adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 5 Garut tahun ajaran 2014/2015, sedangkan sampelnya yaitu kelas VII-H sebagai kelompok kuasi eksperimen I yang mendapatkan pembelajaran kancing gemerincing dan kelas VII-F sebagai kelompok kuasi eksperimen II yang mendapatkan pembelajaran NHT dengan pengambilan sampel secara purposive, yaitu pengambilan sampel dengan pertimbangan tertentu. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes kemampuan pemahaman matematis dan angket siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa: (1) Terdapat perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa antara yang mendapatkan model pembelajaran kooperatif teknik Numbered Head Together (NHT) dengan kancing gemerincing, (2) Kualitas peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa kelas kuasi eksperimen I dengan teknik pembelajaran kancing gemerincing adalah sedang, (3) Kualitas peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa kelas kuasi eksperimen II dengan teknik pembelajaran NHT adalah sedang, (4) Siswa bersikap positif terhadap teknik pembelajaran kancing gemerincing, (5) Siswa bersikap positif terhadap teknik pembelajaran NHT namun di sisi lainmereka bersikap negatif terhadap penyediaan LKS.ABSTRACTThe method that used of this research is quasi experiment make use of two classes, quasi experiment I and quasi experiment II. The population is all of sevent grade students at SMPN 5 Garut period 2014/2015, and the sample is H-sevent grade as quasi experiment I who get kancing gemerincing learning and F-sevent grade as quasi experiment II who get NHT learning with purposive sampling. The purposive sampling is sampling based on certain considerations. The instrument of this research is mathematical understanding skill test and questionnaire. Based on the result of research, known that: (1) found the difference increased of mathematical understanding skill students between who get strategy cooperative learning technique Numbered Head Together (NHT) and kancing gemerincing, (2) the increased quality of mathematical understanding skill quasi experiment I students with technique kancing gemerincing is enough, (3) the increased quality of mathematical understanding skill quasi experiment II students with technique NHT is enough, (5) the student were gived their positive attitude to technique kancing gemerincing, (5) the student were gived their positive attitude to technique NHT, but they were gived their negative attitude to equipping of LKS.