bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corruption Eradication in Indonesia during the Covid-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of the Implementation of Article 27 Law Number 2 of 2020 Concerning State Financial Policy and Financial System Stability for Handling Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ginting Jamin , Gabriella Chelsya
Published: October 2021

As Indonesia announced its first Covid-19 case on 2 March 2020, the government issued Acts Number 2 Year 2020. Article 27.1 and 27.2 of the Act do not provide legal certainty because they may release the state-official-corruptors from their criminal responsibility. Through this paper, the author argues the criminal-responsibility exception by elaborating the ideas of the 1945 Constitution and the Corruption Act.
The author uses normative legal research to construct the paper by bringing the 1945 Constitution, Indonesian Penal Code, and Government Administration Act as contra-materials toward Acts Number 2 Year 2020. The author also uses the theories from Indonesian Law Scholars to base the author’s argument.
The paper provides the construction of criminal corruption as one of the essential parts of state loss. It also explains the solution to remove the criminal-responsibility-exception by using the excellent faith principle.
The paper would return the good faith principle into the implementation of Act Number 2 Year 2020.
As Act Number 2 Year 2020 is considerably new on implementation, this paper provides new insight into the better implementation of corruption-handling during the Covid-19 Pandemic.
Indonesian Military Court Law Absolute Competence through Equality before the Law Principle
Authors: Ginting Jamin , Christian Axel Victor
Published: October 2021

Law Number 31 Year 1997 regulates the jurisdiction of the Indonesian Military Court to handle military members who commit a general crime and military crime based on the Indonesian Penal Code and Indonesian Military Code respectively. However, the General Court also retains jurisdiction over the military members who commit a general crime based on the Indonesian Penal Code. In comparison, Indonesian Civilians who commit a general crime based on the Indonesian Penal Code are only under the General Court.
This condition is against the principle of equality before the law as stated in Article 28D.1 of the 1945 Constitution. Indonesia as a state of law must hold this principle. Authors use normative legal research to solve the law issues by reviewing the related laws and the law principles in Indonesia.
Cancer Growth Inhibition Using Predictive Mathematical Models of Signaling Pathways
Authors: Sheergojri Aadil Rashid , Iqbal Pervaiz , Ilyas Ashiq Mohd
Published: October 2021

Cancer cells develop several hallmark changes over the progress of the tumor process. Cell assistance in multicellular organisms is regulated by the division of cell coordination by aggressive growth modulation. In this perspective, the use of molecular indicators triggering cell division is a mystery, because a cancer cell can manipulate any molecule that induces and helps growth, disturbing cellular assistance. An effective alteration proceeding to tumors must develop to be competitive, allowing a cancer cell to pass a signal resulting in better selection chances. The subjective simulation of physiological systems has become increasingly valuable in recent years, and there is now a wide range of mathematical models of signalling pathways that have contributed to some groundbreaking discoveries and hypotheses as to how this system works. Here we discuss various modeling methods and their application to the physiology of medical systems, focusing on the identification of parameters in ordinary differential equation models and their significance for forecasting cellular decisions in network modeling. In situations of global and local cell-to-cell rivalry, we quantify how this mechanism impacts a mutated cell's fixing chance of producing such a signal, and consider that this process will play a vital role in reducing cancer.
Fundamentals and Main Provisions of the Functional-Procedural Concept of Mental Deprivation
Authors: Terletska Yuliana M.
Published: October 2021

Science still does not have a single scientifically sound concept of mental deprivation, which would explain its psychological essence, this mental phenomenon cannot be adequately assessed, or measures to prevent or eliminate negative mental phenomena it provoked cannot be developed. The article aims to reveal the basic principles and substantiate the main provisions of the functional-procedural concept of mental deprivation. Psycho-energetic and energy-psycho-functional approaches were used, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis, abstraction, specification, comparison, generalisation, and grouping of knowledge about the human psyche. The functional-procedural concept of mental deprivation of humans covers an interconnected system of provisions. According to them, mental deprivation is a course of more or less powerful destructive processes in the functioning of his psyche. Such processes arose from the destruction of mental parameters in various areas due to long-term unfulfilling necessary for normal functioning and development. The development of a functional-procedural concept of mental deprivation of a human will make it possible, first, to adequately define its essence and content in the scientific dimension as a phenomenon of the psyche; secondly, to assess its impact on the functioning of the whole psyche; third, to disclose the impact on development or its delay, actions, behaviour, and activities of an individual; fourth, to develop psychotherapeutic measures to prevent the occurrence of mental deprivation and eliminate its negative consequences.
Behavioural Component in the Development of the Moral Culture among Preschool Children
Authors: Abylaikha Saltanat M. , Karmanova Zhanat A. , Konkhashova Ulzhan M. , Iskakova Maral B. , Nursulankyzy Aikerim
Published: October 2021

The relevance of the study is defined by the need to identify the current moral level of pre-schoolers, to identify factors that positively and negatively affect the moral culture of the child, as well as to develop a methodological foundation for the effective and controlled development of moral culture, ethical principles and empathy among children of 4-5 years old considering the behavioural component. This study focuses on assessing the real levels of moral and cultural development among children, their systematisation and analysis, and making recommendations for teachers and parents to develop moral qualities in a child. The leading method for studying this problem is an experimental method that enables a comprehensive assessment of the moral culture among preschool children. In addition, methods such as structural analysis, comparative method, statistical method, synthesis and deduction methods, and the method of classification were used in the study. The study presents the results of an experiment to establish the level of development of the behavioural component of moral culture among preschool children, reveals the weaknesses of the development of this component, identifies methods of pedagogical influence on the development of moral culture, and makes recommendations for activities, pedagogical methods, and techniques that can be used to make a predictable positive impact on the moral culture of the child. The study materials are of practical value for teachers of preschool educational institutions, child psychologists, as well as teachers and students of pedagogical programmes, and parents.
School Mediation as a Means of Preventing Social Maladjustment of Students from Risk Groups
Authors: Belkina-Kovalchuk Olena V. , Durmanenko Evgeniya A. , Martyniuk Tetyana A. , Petruk Victoria V. , Cherneta Svitlana Yu.
Published: October 2021

This research study examines issues related to the prevention of social maladjustment of students from risk groups through the use of school mediation. The relevance of the stated research topic is due to the significant scale of the spread of juvenile delinquency in modern Ukrainian society and the growing popularity of school mediation to resolve and prevent emerging social problems at the school stage. This research study aims to identify and state the main aspects in the impact of the practice of school mediation on the factors that are fundamental in the social adaptation of students from the risk group in the modern realities of Ukrainian society. The leading approach in this scientific research is a combination of analytical and logical methods of researching the issues presented as the main ones in this work. The main results of this research study were: identifying the degree of the positive impact of mediation practice at school on the students’ consciousness in the context of the need for their subsequent social adaptation and stating the fact that this practice is promising in the future to resolve issues of social fitness specifically for students from risk groups in modern social conditions. The applied value of this research work is identifying the prospects for further research of a complex of factors affecting the social situation in Ukraine in the context of the subsequent spread in a society of groups that pose a social danger, and the possibilities of school mediation as a means of preventing the development of such a phenomenon already in the early stages. Subsequent scientific research on the role of school mediation in the context of preventing the development of juvenile delinquency and assessing its effectiveness in preventing the social spread of students at risk will help supplement the existing information picture of research in this area and will become the starting point for an objective analysis of the need to use school mediation as means of preventing the spread of juvenile delinquency in Ukraine.
Preschool Children’s Speech Pedagogical Sound Culture Correction
Authors: Borova Valentyna Ye. , Artemova Liubov V. , Melnyk Nataliia I. , Benera Valentuna Ye. , Malinovska Nataliia V.
Published: October 2021

Objective: The article aims to reveal the features of correction of the sound culture of the preschool-age children's speech, the effectiveness of which has been tested experimentally.

Background: The sound culture of speech is a multicomponent formation, which covers the phonetic correctness of speech; general language skills and orthoepic correctness of speech. Pedagogical correction of the sound culture of speech is focused on the correct the errors caused by a violation of the sound articulation, sound pronunciation, orthoepic norms of pronunciation, voice strength, etc.

Method: In the study, the author's method of pedagogical correction of the sound culture of children’s speech was used. Also, it was used comparative analysis and method of successive analysis of adjustment variants of the speech sound culture.

Results: An individual model of pedagogical correction of the sound culture of the child's speech was developed. Training to deepen knowledge, improvement of abilities, and skills of teachers were held. The exercises in sound pronunciation and intonational speech expressiveness were developed.

Conclusion: Positive dynamics of developmental levels of the sound culture of children’s speech, which has been confirmed by the results of quantitative and qualitative analysis, confirms the effectiveness of the experimental methods of pedagogical correction of the sound culture of speech.
Emotional Intelligence and Burnout of Teachers of Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Bocheliuk Vitalii Y. , Shcherbyna Serhiy S. , Turubarova Anastasiia V. , Antonenko Iryna Yu. , Rukolyanska Nataliya V.
Published: October 2021

Emotional intelligence is an important resource for overcoming professional stress in members of socionomic professions. The research objective is to determine the role of its components in the development of emotional burnout. A natural experiment was conducted, which determined the manifestations of emotional burnout of 56 university teachers at the end of the academic year. The author used the questionnaire. Two experimental groups were identified in the general sample: teachers with burnout and those resistant to burnout (16 and 30 people, respectively). At the end of the academic year, signs of burnout were detected in one-third of university teachers. The leading symptoms are emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation, with no reduction in professional achievement. The dynamics of emotional life during the annual professional cycle are shown. The integrated indicator of emotional intelligence (EI) remains at the same level, but there are structural changes in the components of intrapersonal intelligence. At the end of the year, teachers' attention to their emotional states, work roles, and communication increase significantly. At the same time, there is a decrease in the ability to manage their own emotions. Resistance to burnout is accompanied by a high ability to realise and control their own emotions with a relatively vague focus on the emotional states of others. It was concluded that individual components of EI (intrapersonal and interpersonal, understanding and management) have different effects on burnout symptoms.
Cooperation with Parents on Environmental Education of Preschool Children with Speech Disorders
Authors: Horopakha Nataliia , Shadiuk Olha , Frolenkova Nadiia , Sotska Olena , Proseniuk Anzhela
Published: October 2021

This article presents a comprehensive pedagogical technology for correctional and developmental work with parents and their preschool children with speech disorders. The purpose of this article is also to consider the change in parents' attitude to the environmental education of a child with speech disorders. The project is designed to involve parents and increase their interest in the environmental education of preschoolers with speech disorders. It is investigated to what extent the involvement of parents and teachers in joint research projects increases competencies in terms of knowledge, abilities, and attitudes to educational processes. The article uses several methods of synthesis and analysis in research. The descriptive method and the experimental method were also used. The hypothesis is that using a comprehensive program involving parents for research and experimental activities in environmental education of preschool children with speech disorders promotes the more successful acquisition of knowledge about nature, improves therapy, and strengthens family relationships. In technology, attention is paid to the actual educational activities and the reflection of teachers' and parents' internal structures of competencies. The presented technology systematizes the instrumental-methodical, expressive (behavioral) aspects of teaching and raising a child with speech disorders and provides a universal basis for any intervention program to change attitudes and involve parents in educational work.
Study of the Characteristic Mental Development Features of Primary School Students with Visçion Impairments
Authors: Synova Ievgeniia , Tarasun Valentina , Sasina Iryna , Grebeniuk Tetyana , Glushenko Kateryna
Published: October 2021

Severe vision impairments are an obstacle to the adequate cognitive and social development of the child. The educational response to priority problems that occur with vision disorders requires appropriate training of vision impairment specialists. For this purpose, they need basic knowledge related to the classification of vision impairments and the main aspects of the development and education of this category of children. This study aimed to analyse the main features of educational activities of children with vision impairments using special diagnostic methods and to search for effective methods for correcting the cognitive activity of children with vision impairments. During the study, an experiment was conducted with children with vision impairments (15 children). To conduct the experiment, the study used methods proposed by V.V. Tarasun and adapted them to the contingent of children with vision impairments. In particular, the following methods: the method of motivational preferences "Three wishes", the method of "Memorising 10 words", and the method of "What, why, how". The depth and time of vision impairment are considered as a primary defect, which has corresponding secondary consequences and requires corrective action under the guidance of an experienced vision impairment specialist.
Anterior skull base reconstruction using an anterolateral thigh free flap
Authors: Kim Shin Hyun , Lee Won Jai , Chang Jong Hee , Moon Joo Hyung , Kang Seok Gu , Kim Chang Hoon , Hong Jong Won
Published: October 2021

Background: Galeal or temporalis muscle flaps have been traditionally used to reconstruct skull base defects after tumor removal. Unfortunately, these flaps do not provide sufficient vascularized tissue for a dural seal in extensive defects. This study describes the successful coverage of large skull base defects using anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flaps.Methods: This retrospective study included five patients who underwent skull base surgery between June 2018 and June 2021. Reconstruction was performed using an ALT free flap to cover defects that included the intracranial space and extended to the frontal sinus and cribriform plate.Results: There were no major complications, such as ascending infections or cerebrospinal leakage. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed that the flaps were well-maintained in all patients.Conclusion: Successful reconstruction was performed using ALT free flaps for large anterior skull base defects. In conclusion, the ALT free flap is an effective option for preventing communication between the nasal cavity and the intracranial space.
Reconstructive methods to resolve intractable fistulas that develop after radiation therapy in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Choi Bu Hyeon , Park Seong Oh , Ahn Hee Chang
Published: October 2021

Background: Radiation therapy (RT) is frequently used for supportive treatment and management of advanced head and neck cancers. This study performed a retrospective review of the treatment methods that were used for intractable draining fistulas in seven patients who had received RT for head and neck cancers. Treatment methods used for two of the seven patients are presented in detail.Methods: From 2009 to 2020, seven patients underwent reconstructive surgery for intractable fistulas which occurred after RT for head and neck cancers. Patient characteristics, medical history, treatment method, and treatment outcome were reviewed for each case. The type of surgery performed, failure rate, and treatment period were also analyzed. Results: In this study, a total of seven patients received additional management for radiation-induced fistulas. Patients underwent a mean of 3.3±1.4 surgeries (maximum: six surgeries) to resolve their fistulas. The mean time interval from the first surgery to the last surgery for the patients to achieve resolution of the fistula was 8.7 months. Loco-regional flaps have performed an average of 1.9±1.5 times. However, all loco-regional flaps failed. Instead, the patients’ intractable fistulas were resolved with the use of distant flaps or free tissue transfers. Conclusion: Fistulas that develop after head and neck cancer treatment following RT are difficult to treat with simple loco-regional flap procedures. Therefore, more aggressive treatment techniques, such as distant flap or free tissue transfer, may be needed to shorten patients’ treatment periods and avoid unnecessary surgeries.
INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT SURFACE TREATMENTS OF CAD/CAM HYBRID NANOCERAMICS CROWNS ON BOND STRENGTH OF RESIN COMPOSITE CEMENT
Authors: Veselinović Valentina , Rudolf Rebeka , Trtić Nataša , Pavlić Verica , Arbutina Radmila , Marin Saša , Tatić Zoran
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Urgent demand for high-esthetic material, which at the same time has the possibility of absorption of mastication stress, has led to the technological development of hybrid nanoceramics used in CAD / CAM technology. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of different surface modification of hybrid nanoceramic crowns on the quality of the cement retention and the influence of the mastication stress after one year of function. Material and methods: 50 hybrid nanoceramic CAD/CAM crowns (CERASMART, GC) are cemented on titanium implant abutments with self-adhesive resin cement (G-CEM, LinkAce). The samples were divided into five main groups according to surface treatment (n=10): I (sandblasted with 50 microns Al2O3), II (treated with CERAMIC PRIMER II, GC), III (treated with 5% hydrofluoric acid), IV (treated with combination of 5% hydrofluoric acid and CERAMIC PRIMER II), V (control, non-treated group). The samples were storaged during 24 hours at 37°C, thermocycled and loaded under 10 000 mechanical cycles loads (simulation of 12 months of function). Retention forces measured in Universal testing machine. The data were represented as mean ± standard deviation, and for statistical analysis ANOVA test was used. Results: The highest initial retention force was demonstrated in the group IV (6.99±1.18), followed by group I (6.22±1.29), group III (5,97±1,25), group II (5,86±1,17) and control group samples (4.92±1.19). A statistically significant decline in retention force was recorded in all tested groups, with the lowest decrease observed in samples treated with a combination of 5% hydrofluoric acid and CERAMIC PRIMER II (6.08 ± 1.03). Conclusion: Mechanical and chemical surface modification can strongly influence the retentions between resin cement and hybrid nanoceramics. The results from this study are suggesting that the most efficient clinical outcome is the combination of 5% hidrofluoric acid and CERAMIC PRIMER II.
FORCE-INDUCED DESORPTION OF SEMI-FLEXIBLE POLYMERS IN NON-HOMOGENEOUS MEDIA
Authors: Elezović-Hadžić Sunčica , Živić Ivan , Lekić Dušanka
Published: October 2021

Force-induced desorption of semi-flexible linear polymers in good solvents and non-homogeneous media is studied. We apply the model of self-avoiding walk with bending rigidity on 3-simplex fractal lattice. One boundary of the lattice represents an adsorbing wall, while an external force (perpendicular to the wall) pulls the polymer from the wall. Due to the hierarchical structure of the lattice under study, the phase diagram of polymer critical behavior can be exactly studied by real-space renormalization group method. Temperature dependence of the critical force, at which desorption occurs, is obtained and discussed for various values of the bending rigidity. Influence of the force and the polymer rigidity on the nature of desorption phase transition is also analyzed. All obtained results are compared with the related previous ones.
Disrupted PGR-B and ESR1 signaling underlies defective decidualization linked to severe preeclampsia
Authors: Garrido-Gomez Tamara , Castillo-Marco Nerea , Clemente-Ciscar Mónica , Cordero Teresa , Muñoz-Blat Irene , Amadoz Alicia , Jimenez-Almazan Jorge , Monfort-Ortiz Rogelio , Climent Reyes , Perales-Marin Alfredo , Simon Carlos
Published: October 2021

Background:

Decidualization of the uterine mucosa drives the maternal adaptation to invasion by the placenta. Appropriate depth of placental invasion is needed to support a healthy pregnancy; shallow invasion is associated with the development of severe preeclampsia (sPE). Maternal contribution to sPE through failed decidualization is an important determinant of placental phenotype. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the in vivo defect linking decidualization to sPE is unknown.

Methods:

Global RNA sequencing was applied to obtain the transcriptomic profile of endometrial biopsies collected from nonpregnant women who suffer sPE in a previous pregnancy and women who did not develop this condition. Samples were randomized in two cohorts, the training and the test set, to identify the fingerprinting encoding defective decidualization in sPE and its subsequent validation. Gene Ontology enrichment and an interaction network were performed to deepen in pathways impaired by genetic dysregulation in sPE. Finally, the main modulators of decidualization, estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and progesterone receptor B (PGR-B), were assessed at the level of gene expression and protein abundance.

Results:

Here, we discover the footprint encoding this decidualization defect comprising 120 genes—using global gene expression profiling in decidua from women who developed sPE in a previous pregnancy. This signature allowed us to effectively segregate samples into sPE and control groups. ESR1 and PGR were highly interconnected with the dynamic network of the defective decidualization fingerprint. ESR1 and PGR-B gene expression and protein abundance were remarkably disrupted in sPE.

Conclusions:

Thus, the transcriptomic signature of impaired decidualization implicates dysregulated hormonal signaling in the decidual endometria in women who developed sPE. These findings reveal a potential footprint that could be leveraged for a preconception or early prenatal screening of sPE risk, thus improving prevention and early treatments.

Funding:

This work has been supported by the grant PI19/01659 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) from the Spanish Carlos III Institute awarded to TGG. NCM was supported by the PhD program FDGENT/2019/008 from the Spanish Generalitat Valenciana. IMB was supported by the PhD program PRE2019-090770 and funding was provided by the grant RTI2018-094946-B-100 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation with CS as principal investigator. This research was funded partially by Igenomix S.L.
Rapid authenticity testing of artificially bred green turtles (Chelonia mydas) using microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers
Authors: Zhang Ting , Lin Liu , Gaillard Daniel , Chen Fang , Chen Huaiqing , Li Meimei , Wu Shannan , Wang Zhao , Shi Haitao
Published: October 2021

Sea turtles are threatened by climate change and human activity, and their global populations continue to decline sharply. The Chinese government encourages artificial breeding of sea turtles to reduce the use of wild populations. However, artificial breeding of sea turtles is still fairly difficult, and some facilities may illegally purchase wild turtle eggs and then sell incubated turtles by marketing them as artificially bred turtles, which adds another threat to an already endangered species. Therefore, it is necessary to find a reliable method to distinguish the authenticity of artificially bred individuals. In this study, we investigated a turtle farm in southern China, that contained more than 400 green turtles, which were claimed to have been bred in captivity. Parentage testing of turtles from this farm was successfully conducted using two nuclear microsatellites combined with a mitochondrial D-loop DNA marker. Genetic matching of all 19 adults and randomly selected 16 juvenile turtles revealed that none of the juvenile turtles had a matching parent combination among the adult turtles. Therefore, we speculated that the green turtles in this farm were from the wild and that their origin of birth was mainly the Sulu Sea. The methods and molecular markers used in this study could be a reference for rapid authenticity testing of green turtles in future forensic enforcement and population management.
Use of ATP, GTP, ADP and AMP as an Index of Energy Utilization and Storage in HIV Infected Individuals at NAUTH, Nigeria: A Longitudinal, Prospective, Case-Controlled Study
Authors: Ezugwu Uchenna Modestus , Onyenekwe Chinedum Charles , Ukibe Nkiruka Rose , Ahaneku Joseph Eberendu , Onah Christian Ejike , Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Emeje Paul Isaac , Awalu Joseph Chimezie , Igbokwe Gabriel Ejike
Published: October 2021

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with altered metabolism and increased energy expenditure, this energy requirement increases significantly as the HIV disease progresses. This study aimed on the use of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), Guanosine triphosphate (GTP), Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) as an index of energy utilization, storage and energy balance in HIV infected individuals. This is a longitudinal, prospective, case-controlled study involving seventy seven (77) HIV Sero-positive individuals newly diagnosed attending retroviral disease treatment centre of Nnamdi Azikiwe University University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) aged 18-60 years both male and female not on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), were enrolled in the study as test subjects and thirty six (36) apparently healthy HIV Sero-negative individuals both male and female as control subjects. ATP, GTP, ADP and AMP were estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while, total Energy Balance was determined by calculation. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software application (version 21.0) and the results expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The plasma ATP and GTP were significantly lower (P<0.05) in both HIV pre-treatment and post-treatment group compared with control group. Meanwhile, the plasma level of ADP and AMP were significantly lower (P<0.05) in HIV post-treatment group compared   with HIV pre-treatment and control group. There was also a significant difference (P<0.05) in ATP, ADP, AMP and GTP level between HIV pre-treatment and post-treatment group. Meanwhile, the energy balance was lower (P<0.05) in HIV groups compared with control group. However, the energy balance in HIV post-treatment group was significantly lower (P<0.05) compared to HIV pre- treatment group. In conclusion, the significant changes in the biochemical parameters measured suggest altered metabolism, increased energy expenditure and energy deficit/negative energy balance in HIV subjects resulting from increased energy expenditure. Hence, High energy molecules such ATP, ADP, GTP and AMP can be used to predict early energy deficit and manage energy imbalance in HIV infected individuals.
Oxidative Modification of Lipoproteins: A Potential Role of Oxidized Small dense LDL in Enhanced Atherogenicity
Authors: Alsaweed Mohammed
Published: October 2021

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a multifaceted inflammatory syndrome of the arterial wall to which number of mediators have been implicated in lesion progression. Triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins consist of the large diversity of lipoprotein particles that fluctuate in density, size, and apolipoprotein composition. Two foremost phenotypes, on basis of size, chemical configuration, and density, of low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) have been recognized i.e., pattern A, having LDL diameter greater than 25.5nm (large buoyant LDL or lb-LDL) and pattern B, having LDL diameter less than or equal to 25.5nm (small-dense LDL or sd-LDL). Small-dense low-density-lipoprotein (sd-LDL) particles are produced by potential intravascular hydrolysis of TG-rich VLDL particles via lipoprotein lipases (LPLs), hepatic lipases (HLs) and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP). sd-LDL is more atherogenic due to its smaller size, increased penetration into the arterial wall, extended plasma half-life, lesser binding affinity for LDL receptors (LDL-R) as well as lower resistance to oxidative stress when equated with lb-LDL. The higher atherogenic potential of sd-LDL is due to its enhanced susceptibility to oxidation, owing to high polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), low cholesterol and Apoprotein B (ApoB) content. An enhanced understanding of sd-LDL metabolism at the molecular level, transport and clearance may result in the development of sd-LDL as an independent predictive marker for AS events and may be used to maintain cholesterol homeostasis and prevent the succession of AS.
Evaluation of Patient-Oriented Medicines Supply Information on Russian Healthcare Providers’ Websites
Authors: Polukhin Nikita V. , Ekkert Natalia V. , Vodolagin Mikhail V.
Published: October 2021

Aims: To evaluate the Russian Federation healthcare providers’ websites compliance to legal requirements on availability of patient-oriented medicines supply information and compare the evaluation results between public and private healthcare facilities.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: The evaluation of compliance to legal requirements to medicines supply information on public and private healthcare providers’ websites available on the Internet was conducted in September 2021.

Methodology: The study included a simple random sample of 66 websites of Russian healthcare providers containing two groups:  public (n=33) and private (n=33) healthcare facilities’ websites. The compliance evaluation was performed by checking the availability of 4 medicines lists on the websites: (1) essential medicines list; (2) list of medicines for the most expensive chronic diseases to treat; (3) list of medicines that are prescribed only by shared decision of healthcare facility medical commission; (4) list of medicines that are dispensed for certain social groups with no charge or with 50% discount in outpatient care settings.

Results: The difference of availability of the first list was 90.9% (95% CI 77.7%–97.4%) vs. 33.3% (95% CI 19.2%–50.3%) on public and private healthcare facilities’ website, respectively, P<.001. The difference of that in the second list was 42.4% (95% CI 26.8%–59.3%) vs. 15.2% (95% CI 6.0%–30.1%), P<.028. For the third no statistical significance was revealed (P>.05). For the fourth list the difference was 66.7% (95% CI 49.7%–80.8%) vs. 21.2% (95% CI 10.0%–37.2%), P<.001.

Conclusion: It is required to improve the supervision approaches for both public and private healthcare facilities for better patient-oriented medicines supply information provision. The problem may be solved by the implementation of a centralized government policy repository with regularly updated lists, requirements, and best practices.
Unsettled Problems of Second-Order Quantum Theories of Elementary Particles
Authors: Comay E.
Published: October 2021

The physical community agrees that the variational principle is a cornerstone of a quantum fields theory (QFT) of an elementary particle. This approach examines the variation of the action of a Lagrangian density whose form is \(S = \int d^4 x \mathcal {L}(\psi,\psi_{,\mu}).\) The dimension of the action \(S\) and \(d^4x\) prove that the quantum function \(\psi\) of any specific Lagrangian density \(\mathcal {L}(\psi,\psi_{,\mu})\) has a definite dimension. This evidence determines the results of new consistency tests of QFTs. This work applies these tests to several kinds of quantum functions of a QFT of elementary particles. It proves that coherent results are derived from the standard form of quantum electrodynamics which depends on the Dirac linear equation of a massive charged particle and Maxwell theory of the electromagnetic fields. In contrast, contradictions stem from second-order quantum theories of an elementary particle, such as the Klein-Gordon equation and the electroweak theory of the \(W^\pm\) boson. An observation of the literature that discusses the latter theories indicates that they do not settle the above-mentioned crucial problems. This issue supports the main results of this work.
Teaching Phraseological Units and Interpretation of English Phraseological Units Using Uzbek Equivalents
Authors: Tairova Feruza , Azizova Gulnora , Kobilova Gulchexraxon , Khasanov Rahmonali , Ibragimova Latofat , Davlatova Khakima , Nematov Ozodbek
Published: October 2021

This article is a study of the principles of English phraseological units in English-Uzbek phraseological dictionaries. Also, special attention was paid to the nature and types of phraseology, the history of the study of phraseological units, similarities and differences between English and Uzbek phraseology, methods of translating English phraseological units into Uzbek and the semantic-structural features of their lexical means and the factors that make up the essence were analyzed. In particular, the article aims to identify the laws and principles of the use of linguistic units as a means of speech activity, which are important areas of modern linguistics, as well as to determine the features of linguistic phenomena related to real events. The relevance of this study is, on the one hand, special attention is paid to the analysis of the semantic-structurally stable, ie phraseological units of the word, which is the language system and its basic unit.
Saúde e doença do corpo das travestis e mulheres transexuais: análise das dissertações e teses brasileiras nas ciências da saúde entre 1992-2019
Authors: Braga Ramon de Oliveira Bieco , Benato Ana Paula
Published: October 2021

Problematizamos quais são os temas das dissertações e teses brasileiras, defendidas na grande área do conhecimento Ciências da Saúde, que abordam a relação saúde-doença das travestis e mulheres transexuais, entre os anos 1992 a 2018? A operacionalização consistiu em uma busca no banco on-line de dissertações e teses da CAPES, que identificou um total de 130 pesquisas. Estas foram tabuladas identificando quantas dissertações e teses foram defendidas nos programas de Pós-graduação, por área do conhecimento e a quantidade por temas que abordam travestis e transexuais na grande área do conhecimento Ciências da Saúde. Os resultados demonstram que muitos temas que interferem diretamente na vida destas pessoas ainda não foram abordados, evidenciando lacunas acadêmicas.
Democracia, gênero e laicidade: contribuições da Teologia Feminista
Authors: Da Rosa André Luís , Vernal Javier Ignacio
Published: October 2021

Diante do avanço do conservadorismo religioso cristão na esfera política brasileira, tornou-se necessário um olhar dos movimentos e teorias feministas sobre tal fenômeno, pois são considerados uma ameaça para a sociedade, à moral e à família pelos religiosos. Nesse sentido, tem-se como objetivo apresentar algumas contribuições da Teologia Feminista, que tem sido pioneira nos estudos sobre gênero e religião, para a reflexão e a luta contra o fundamentalismo religioso e pela laicidade do Estado. Para tanto, no primeiro momento, será analisada brevemente a compreensão de gênero e sexualidade do catolicismo, que é baseada principalmente na denominada lei natural. No segundo momento, apresentar-se-á o surgimento da Teologia Feminista no Brasil, que teve seu terreno preparado pela Teologia da Libertação. E, por fim, se refletirá sobre as relações entre democracia, gênero e laicidade a partir da Teologia Feminista.
Sexos incertos: ambiguidade e diferença na autobiografia de Herculine Barbin
Authors: Rizzi Mação Izabel , Moreira Alvim Davis , Rodrigues Alexsandro
Published: October 2021

Adèlaïde Herculine Barbin foi uma professora francesa que viveu durante o século 19. Aos 21 anos de idade, foi diagnosticada como intersexo e teve seu status civil retificado, passando a ser considerada um homem, agora chamado Abel Herculine Barbin. Aos 30 anos, sua história encontrou um fim repentino: Herculine cometeu suicídio. Ao lado de seu corpo, foi encontrado o manuscrito Minhas Memórias. Seus relatos narram os prazeres e as desventuras do que ela nomeia como sua dupla e estranha existência. Ao mesmo tempo, as Memórias nos mostram como a vida e a anatomia de Herculine foram investigadas e debatidas pelos médicos da época. Repetidamente, uma pergunta era endereçada a Herculine: qual seu verdadeiro sexo? Neste artigo, traçamos, junto às Memórias de Herculine Barbin, duas linhas de investigação interligadas. Na primeira delas, nos dedicamos a investigar, de forma breve, como a medicina europeia do final do século 19 se mostrou obstinada em desvendar o verdadeiro sexo dos indivíduos. Realçamos algumas discordâncias no campo das ciências quanto aos corpos “ambíguos”, demonstrando que esses saberes se viam às voltas com incertezas quando se tratava das características a serem analisadas para a atribuição do sexo de pessoas como Herculine. Na segunda linha, delineamos um caminho diferente. Trata-se de ler as Memórias a contrapelo, ou seja, de ir de encontro às potencialidades dessa narrativa para transtornar a questão do verdadeiro sexo, revolvendo-a na direção de novas conexões coletivas, afetivas e inventivas. Herculine coloca em ação uma escrita enérgica e fragmentada, na qual o sexo já quase não conta mais. Com isso, ela devolve ao sistema sexo/gênero, de maneira metamorfoseada, a interrogação sobre o seu verdadeiro sexo, abrindo a seguinte questão: nós realmente precisamos de um verdadeiro sexo? Essa pequena questão, instaurada por Herculine no seio do sistema sexo/gênero, liga-se a aspectos coletivos mais amplos, que ultrapassam a sua condição singular e o seu contexto histórico.
“Cura gay”: psicologia, política e religião, perspectivas em torno da problemática
Authors: De Novaes Marcos Oliveira
Published: October 2021

A homossexualidade tem sido discutida em diversos âmbitos da sociedade, nos mais diversos campos, como na política e na religião. O presente artigo trata da questão da “cura” da homossexualidade, temática que tem gerado muita polêmica e que extrapola o campo científico. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados: LILACS, SciELO, PePSIC e Index Psi Periódicos Técnico-Científicos, utilizando as combinações: Cura gay AND psicologia e Homossexualidade AND psicologia. As buscas resultaram em 76 artigos nos quais restaram apenas 06 após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Os resultados demonstraram que a problemática vem sendo discutida e defendida por meio de ideologias religiosas que defendem terapias de reversão sexual sustentada por uma pseudociência, divergindo completamente da psicologia que desautoriza qualquer tipo de terapia que tenha como objetivo promover à hipotética “cura gay”.
Experimental Study on Impedance-Based Damage Detection Considering Temperature Effect
Authors: Lee Jong-Won
Published: October 2021

The impedance-based damage detection technique has the potential for health monitoring of different types of structures. However, it is necessary to consider the temperature effect on the impedance signal in applying this technique to actual structures. In this study, an effective impedance-based damage detection method that compensates for the temperature effect was developed. Experimental tests on a steel frame structure connected with high tensile bolts were performed. Moreover, the temperature effect on the impedance damage index was compensated for detecting damage caused by bolt looseness; that is, the relationship between the impedance damage index and the temperature was established through long-term measurements. Based on this relationship, damage detection was performed by compensating for the temperature effect. Because the damage index after the bolt loosening reflects the effects of temperature and damage, it is difficult to evaluate the damage by monitoring only the damage index. However, after compensating for the temperature effect, it was observed that the damage could be estimated precisely. The damage was effectively monitored after measuring the impedance signal and temperature over a specific period for the initial healthy structural state, analyzing the correlation between the impedance damage index and temperature, and setting an appropriate warning criterion based on the correlation.
Assessing Slope Stability of Clay-Dominated Sediments Based on Ionic Concentrations Using Liquid Limits
Authors: Kim Joongi , Won Jongmuk
Published: October 2021

Clay minerals typically exhibit high specific surfaces with negative charges, which result in a sensitive response against the change in the ionic concentration of pore water. In this study, the liquid limits of kaolinite, illite, and bentonite were determined as functions of the ionic concentration, and the results were used to obtain the cohesion and friction angle based on the empirical relationship for evaluating slope stability through numerical simulations. The experimental and numerical results revealed increased liquid limits and a decreased strength-reduction factor as the ionic concentration increased. Based on the numerical results, the influence of ionic concentration on the slope stability of clay-contained soils was analyzed.
A Bridge Too Far? Real‐World Practice Patterns of Early Glucocorticoid Use in the Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort
Authors: Andersen Kathleen M. , Schieir Orit , Valois Marie‐France , Bartlett Susan J. , Bessette Louis , Boire Gilles , Haraoui Boulos , Hazlewood Glen , Hitchon Carol , Keystone Edward C. , Pope Janet , Tin Diane , Throne J Carter , Bykerk Vivian P. ,   CATCH Investigators
Published: October 2021

Objective

To describe patterns of glucocorticoid use in a large real‐world cohort with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and assess the impact on disease activity and treatment.

Methods

Data are from adults with new RA (≤1 year) recruited to the Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort (CATCH) and are stratified on the basis of whether a person was prescribed oral glucocorticoids within 3 months of study entry. Disease activity was compared over 24 months. Mixed‐effects logistic regression was used for adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of escalation to biologics separately for 12 and 24 months, with random effects terms to account for prescribing patterns clustering by study site.

Results

Among 1891 persons, 30% received oral steroids. Users were older, were less often employed, and had shorter disease duration and higher disease activity. Disease activity improved over time, with early glucocorticoid users starting at higher levels of disease activity. Participants with early oral glucocorticoids were more likely to be on a biologic at 12 months (aOR = 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5‐3.7) and 24 months (aOR = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3‐3.0). Despite Canadian clinical practice guidelines to limit corticosteroid use to short‐term or ‘bridge’ therapy, 30% of patients who used oral glucocorticoids still used them 2 years later.

Conclusion

Early steroids were prescribed sparingly in CATCH and were often indicative of more active baseline disease as well as the need for progression to biologics.
A Polycation‐Modified Nanofillers Tailored Polymer Electrolytes Fiber for Versatile Biomechanical Energy Harvesting and Full‐Range Personal Healthcare Sensing
Authors: Li Zihua , Xu Bingang , Han Jing , Huang Junxian , Fu Hong
Published: October 2021

The emergence of fibrous energy harvesters and self‐powered sensors gives birth to functional wearable electronics. However, low power outputs, poor sensing abilities, and limited material selections have greatly restricted their developments. Herein, novel polycation‐modified carbon dots (PCDs) tailored PCDs/polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NPEs) are prepared and used as dominating triboelectric materials to construct a new NPEs‐based fiber triboelectric nanogenerator (NPE‐TENG) for the first time. The filling of PCDs endows NPEs with enhanced ionic conductivity. The developed NPE‐TENG can respond to different mechanical stimuli with excellent flexibility and deliver a high power density of 265.8 µW m−1. Self‐powered wearable sensor and smart glove based on NPE‐TENG are further developed, which can achieve skin‐level tactile sensing and joint‐related activities monitoring in a rapid, real‐time, and noninvasive way. As a sustainable power source, the NPE‐TENG can drive small electronics and light up hundreds of light‐emitting diodes. This study not only renders new insights into the development of triboelectric materials for fiber‐based TENG but also provides a direction for potential applications of fibrous biomechanical energy harvesters and self‐powered sensors in wearable electronics, personal healthcare monitoring, and human–machine interactions.