bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rheological transient effects on steady-state contraction flows
Authors: Pérez-Salas Karen Y. , Sánchez Salvador , Velasco-Segura Roberto , Ascanio Gabriel , Ruiz-Huerta Leopoldo , Aguayo Juan P.
Published: February 2023

It may be assumed that the steady-state kinematics of viscoelastic contraction flows depends on the time-independent rheological properties only. This idea is supported by the large number of references explaining steady simulation results by considering only steady-state material functions. Even with numerical simulations, it would be difficult to prove such a statement wrong. However, using the Bautista-Manero-Puig class of models allows to obtain the same steady rheological response but with different transient evolution. Here, we considered two fluids, one displaying a monotonic trend towards the steady-state and the other with at least one visible overshoot in the material functions. Our results show that for the transient evolution with the overshoot fluid, a significant increase in the steady pressure drop is gathered. In addition, vortex response is quite different for the two fluids. This research gives evidence that the transient evolution in rheometrical functions has great impact on steady-state flow behavior.
A human, allogeneic cortical bone screw for distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) arthrodesis: a retrospective cohort study with at least 10 months follow-up
Authors: Krasny Christian , Radda Christian , Polke Ralf , Schallmayer Daniel , Borchert Gudrun H. , Albrecht Christian
Published: February 2023

Introduction

The prime requisites of a good digital arthrodesis are a painless and stable union in a proper position. Arthrodesis of the distal interphalangeal joint of the fingers is not without potential complications including nonunion, malunion, and deep tissue infections. The Shark Screw® is a human, cortical bone allograft for osteosynthesis and an alternative to metal or bioabsorbable devices in orthopedics and trauma surgery. The primary hypothesis is that the fusion and complication rate, using the Shark Screw®, is at least similar to those reported in the literature, using metal or bioabsorbable screws.

Material and methods

This retrospective cohort study analyzes the fusion and complication rate and the patient satisfaction of distal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis of 27 fingers with the human allogeneic cortical bone screw. Complications, Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire (Quick-DASH) score and Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) score, grip and pinch strength and fusion angle were investigated.

Results

The mean follow-up was 23 months. At 6 weeks after surgery, fusion was obtained for all fingers. There was no surgical complication that required revision surgery. An average fusion angle of 13.6° ± 10.7° was measured. VAS pain score decreased significantly from 6.9 before surgery to 0.14 after surgery. The Quick-DASH score decreased from 10.7 to 7.8. The MHQ score improved in all sub-scores.

Conclusion

The complication rates, using the Shark Screw® for DIP joint arthrodesis, are lower compared to the results reported in the literature for other surgical techniques. Complications related to the human allograft cortical bone screw itself were not observed. The bone screw is completely remodeled into the host bone and further hardware removal is not necessary.

Level of evidence

IV.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology of severe burns
Authors: Christ Alexandra , Staud Clement J. , Wielscher Matthias , Resch Annika , Teufelsbauer Maryana , Radtke Christine
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Currently, very little detailed information on the epidemiological distribution and specificities of severely burned patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is available. This retrospective study aims to describe and compare this specific patient population based on 114 patients who were treated between March 2019 and March 2021 at the Center for Severe Burn Injuries at the Medical University of Vienna.

Methods

To answer the research questions, a retrospective cohort study has been conducted over a period of 24 months, starting in March 2019 and ending in March 2021. To evaluate the epidemiological differences, the patients were divided into 2 observation periods of 12 months each.

Results

In the period from 12 March 2020 to 11 March 2021, a total of 62 patients were admitted to the Center for Severe Burn Injuries. In comparison, only 52 patients were admitted in the same period of the previous year, which corresponds to an increase of 19.2%. In addition, it was noted that during the 2019–2020 observation period, 27% of patients were female and 73% male, whereas during the pandemic the gender distribution was 42% female and only 58% male. During the pre-pandemic observational period, 13 out of 52 patients admitted died (25%), whereas during the pandemic, 17 out of 62 patients succumbed to their injuries (27%).

Conclusion

Although the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic seems to be decreasing, especially due to the increasing availability of vaccines, there is a need for more data on the impact of the crisis on severely burned patients. In contrast to the current literature, we have seen a greater number of inpatient admissions to the Center for Severe Burn Injuries, as well as significant differences in gender distribution. Our data also suggest that the circumstances of the pandemic have no influence on the likelihood of survival for patients with severe burns.
The role of insects in promoting the health and gut status of poultry
Authors: Malematja E. , Manyelo T.G. , Sebola N.A. , Mabelebele M.
Published: February 2023

The structure and functionality of digestive system and gastrointestinal microbiota composition play a crucial role in the development of the gastrointestinal tract and gut morphology. A well-developed gastrointestinal tract will have a proper balanced proportion between the beneficial and harmful microbes; therefore, this balance will promote nutrient utilization and stimulate the development of immune system. The gut microbiota living in an animal’s gastrointestinal tract can be modulated through the feeding of prebiotic or probiotic compounds which have effects on the animal’s humoral immunity, hence improving the nutrient utilization and thus improving growth performance and the overall health condition of the animal. Therefore, this review aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding and recent reports on the role of insect meal in poultry feed aimed at improving health condition and gut status in poultry production. A literature search was performed with an electronic database of Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Research gate, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed. In addition, recently published manuscripts were selected, and the citations included in articles from the databases were used to search for other relevant articles. The studies were evaluated, and the level of evidence varied with insect types, inclusion levels, and the supplementing method. Extensive research has shown that insects can be safely used in poultry feeds to modulate the development of digestive and immune system without compromising the production parameters and the quality of the produce. Insects can be directly fed to chickens or can be processed into insect meals and supplemented in the diet. Nonetheless, most literatures done on the effects of insect meal are focused commercial chicken breeds and little attention is given to other poultry species; therefore, more studies are recommended to ascertain these findings.
Energy dissipation in viscoelastic Bessel media
Authors: Colombaro Ivano , Giusti Andrea , Mentrelli Andrea
Published: February 2023

We investigate the specific attenuation factor for the Bessel models of viscoelasticity. We find that the quality factor for this class can be expressed in terms of Kelvin functions and that its asymptotic behaviours confirm the analytical results found in previous studies for the rheological properties of these models.
The Normative Value of Making a Positive Contribution–Benefiting Others as a Core Dimension of Meaningful Work
Authors: Martela Frank
Published: February 2023

Most normative accounts of meaningful work have focused on the value of autonomy and capability for self-development. Here, I will propose that contribution–having a positive impact on others through one’s work–is another central dimension of meaningful work. Being able to contribute through one’s work should be recognized as one of the key axiological values that work can serve, providing one independent justification for why work is valuable and worth doing. Conversely, I argue that having to do work that has no positive impact, or where one is separated from such impact, is an underrecognized type of alienation. Such alienation as pointlessness can be as harmful as the more recognized types of alienation such as powerlessness. Recognizing contribution as a core dimension of meaningful work is compatible with both subjectivist and objectivist accounts of meaningfulness, but I come to support a mixed view where the subjective sense of contributing must be sufficiently warranted by the facts of the situation. Recognizing the inescapable interest humans have for being able to contribute and engage in work that is not pointless has implications for the duties societies, organizations, and individuals have as regards ensuring that work conducted includes a recognizable positive impact. Along with autonomy and self-development, contribution should thus be seen as an independent axiological value that work can serve, its frustration being associated with a specific type of alienation, and it itself playing a key role in what makes work valuable and meaningful.
Attenuation Sensitivity Kernel Analysis in Viscoelastic Full-Waveform Inversion Based on the Generalized Standard Linear Solid Rheology
Authors: Song Jianyong , Cao Hong , Pan Wenyong , Yang Zhifang , Li Hongbing , Lu Minghui , Hu Xinhai
Published: February 2023

Obtaining accurate subsurface Q (quality factor) models using full-waveform inversion (FWI) methods remains a challenging task. The forward modeling problem of viscoelastic wave propagation can be solved by superimposing N rheological bodies of Maxwell or Zener type with generalized standard linear solid rheology. However, different approaches were proposed to calculate the attenuation sensitivity kernels in viscoelastic FWI. This study reviews and compares previous theories for constructing the viscoelastic sensitivity kernels. Furthermore, we derive the viscoelastic sensitivity kernels directly following the adjoint-state (or Lagrangian multiplier) method. Compared to previous approaches, we reveal that the Q sensitivity kernels can be calculated with adjoint memory strain variables. In the numerical experiments, different methods are used to calculate the viscoelastic sensitivity kernels for comparison. We have found that when simultaneously inverting for velocity and Q models, these methods can provide inversion results of comparable quality. However, in the event of inaccurate velocity structures, the Q sensitivity kernels calculated with memory strain variables can resolve the Q anomalies more clearly, while suffering from fewer parameter trade-offs.
The Well-being and Support Needs of Australian Caregivers of Neurodiverse Children
Authors: D’Arcy Emily , Burnett Tayah , Capstick Emily , Elder Catherine , Slee Olivia , Girdler Sonya , scott Melissa , Milbourn Ben
Published: February 2023

Caregivers of children with neurodiverse needs are known to experience challenges and hardship due to the increased needs of the child and the lack of support available. This study aimed to explore the support needs and well-being of caregivers of children with neurodiverse needs in Australia. Sixty-six caregivers participated in an online survey asking questions about support needs. The results highlighted five main themes that caregivers commonly experienced including: barriers to community engagement, impact on close relationships, negative impact on mental health and identity, financial hardship, and identified support needs. Findings identified multiple unmet needs existing amongst caregivers and further emphasises the importance of addressing these needs to improve the quality of life of caregivers of children with neurodiverse needs.
Fluoride ion adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics on iron(III) oxyhydroxide powders containing cellulose nanofibrils
Authors: Umehara Masahiro , Kumamoto Yoshiaki , Mukai Kenta , Isogai Akira
Published: February 2023

The adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics of fluoride ions (F−) on FeOOH powders in water were investigated to obtain fundamental information on FeOOH powders, which are used as F− adsorbents in drinking and industrial water, and industrial wastewater. FeOOH powders were prepared as precipitates by mixing aqueous FeCl3 and NaOH solutions (1:3 mol/mol) in the presence of 2,2,6,6,-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNs), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), or TEMPO-oxidized cellulose (TOC) fibers (without nanofibrillation), and subsequent drying and pulverizing. The FeOOH:TOCN, FeOOH:CMC, and FeOOH:TOC dry mass ratios were controlled at 87:13. The amount of F− adsorbed by the FeOOH/TOCN powder per FeOOH mass was higher than those adsorbed by FeOOH, FeOOH/CMC, or FeOOH/TOC. The F− adsorption isotherms on the FeOOH-containing powders showed higher correlation coefficients with the Langmuir model than with the Freundlich model. This indicates that F− adsorbed on FeOOH initially formed a monolayer, predominantly via physical adsorption. Pseudo-second-order kinetics fitted well to the time-dependent F− adsorption behaviors on the FeOOH-containing powders. Thermodynamic analysis of F− adsorption on the FeOOH-containing powders showed that the ΔG values were negative, which indicates that F− adsorption on the FeOOH-containing powders proceeded spontaneously in water. The negative ΔG value for FeOOH/TOCN was higher than those for FeOOH, FeOOH/CMC, and FeOOH/TOC at the same temperature. This shows that the FeOOH/TOCN powder can be used as an excellent and efficient F− adsorbent in water.

Graphical abstract
Dormancy and Physiological Age of Seed Tubers from a Diverse Set of Potato Cultivars Grown at Different Altitudes and in Different Seasons in Kenya
Authors: Kwambai Thomas K. , Griffin Denis , Nyongesa Moses , Byrne Stephen , Gorman Monica , Struik Paul C.
Published: February 2023

The study was conducted to determine the dormancy and physiological age characteristics of diverse potato genotypes as influenced by growing altitudes and seasons for future breeding strategies and optimal patterns of use. Dormancy and sprouting characteristics have an impact on tuber production, storability and seed quality for planting and ware for consumption and the market. This study presents the results of dormancy and physiological age measurements conducted on 47 potato genotypes grown at three altitudes with three replications at each location and in two contrasting growing seasons. The seed tubers were evaluated at low altitude under darkness on moist sand storage conditions to assess their dormancy release, number of sprouts, sprout weight, sprout length and percentage tuber weight loss. Results showed significant (p < 0.001) differences among genotypes, locations and seasons, and significant interactions between these factors for days to dormancy release, number of sprouts per tuber at dormancy release and at 45 days after dormancy release, length of longest sprout, weight loss percentage of unsprouted and sprouted tubers at dormancy release and at 45 days after dormancy release, respectively. There was a wide variation in time to dormancy release (54 to 136 days); most genotypes showed medium to long dormancy. Seed tubers grown at low altitude showed longer dormancy than those grown at higher altitudes, while genotypic differences in dormancy were very consistent across environments. Genotypes strongly differed in sprouting characteristics and weight loss. There were highly significant interactions between altitude and season for all variables assessed, except for the number of sprouts 45 days after dormancy release and the weight loss after sprouting. Generally, the genotypic effects were larger than those of altitude, season and the interaction effects for all variables evaluated. This paper will allow variety selection to optimize seed quality at planting and minimize storage losses while providing new targets for breeders.
Utilising an accelerated Delphi process to develop consensus on the requirement and components of a pre-procedural core robotic surgery curriculum
Authors: Burke Joshua Richard , Fleming Christina A. , King Martin , El-Sayed Charlotte , Bolton William S. , Munsch Chris , Harji Deena , Bach Simon P. , Collins Justin W.
Published: February 2023

Robot-assisted surgery (RAS) continues to grow globally. Despite this, in the UK and Ireland, it is estimated that over 70% of surgical trainees across all specialities have no access to robot-assisted surgical training (RAST). This study aimed to provide educational stakeholders guidance on a pre-procedural core robotic surgery curriculum (PPCRC) from the perspective of the end user; the surgical trainee. The study was conducted in four Phases: P1: a steering group was formed to review current literature and summarise the evidence, P2: Pan-Specialty Trainee Panel Virtual Classroom Discussion, P3: Accelerated Delphi Process and P4: Formulation of Recommendations. Forty-three surgeons in training representing all surgical specialties and training levels contributed to the three round Delphi process. Additions to the second- and third-round surveys were formulated based on the answers and comments from previous rounds. Consensus opinion was defined as ≥ 80% agreement. There was 100% response from all three rounds. The resulting formulated guidance showed good internal consistency, with a Cronbach alpha of > 0.8. There was 97.7% agreement that a standardised PPCRC would be advantageous to training and that, independent of speciality, there should be a common approach (95.5% agreement). Consensus was reached in multiple areas: 1. Experience and Exposure, 2. Access and context, 3. Curriculum Components, 4 Target Groups and Delivery, 5. Objective Metrics, Benchmarking and Assessment. Using the Delphi methodology, we achieved multispecialty consensus among trainees to develop and reach content validation for the requirements and components of a PPCRC. This guidance will benefit from further validation following implementation.
The risk of mortality and severe illness in patients infected with the omicron variant relative to delta variant of SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kow Chia Siang , Ramachandram Dinesh Sangarran , Hasan Syed Shahzad
Published: February 2023

We summarized through systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies the risk of mortality as well as severe illness of COVID-19 caused by omicron variant relative to delta variant of SARS-CoV-2. A total of twelve studies were included. Our results showed significantly reduced odds of mortality (pooled OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.16–0.67) and significantly reduced odds of severe illness (pooled OR = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.21–0.28) in patients infected with the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 relative to their counterparts infected with the delta variant. Findings of lower disease severity following infection with the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 than the delta variant are encouraging during the ongoing transition from the pandemic phase into the endemic phase of COVID-19.
An atypical death from Rapunzel syndrome: a case report
Authors: Piras Gianluca Nicolò , Tomassini Luca , Bottoni Edoardo , di Gioia Cira , Ciallella Costantino
Published: February 2023

Trichotillomania is a psychiatric disorder characterized by recurring urges to pulling out hairs, eyelashes, or down in other parts of the body. Trichophagia, which is the urge to ingesting the pulled-out hairs, can cause Rapunzel syndrome, an unusual disorder where gastric trichobezoars can be found in the small intestine. Trichobezoars, amorphous masses composed of undigested food formed by hairs, can obstruct the gastrointestinal tract up to simulating symptoms typical of bowel obstruction. Rapunzel syndrome, named after Grimm’s tale, may cause death, especially in the pediatric population, being it seldom over the age of 6; moreover, developing countries and environmental and familiar issues are listed as uncertain risk factors. The present case report deals with the death of a 4-year-old female occurred after lunch and following a series of vomit events; while no traumatic or pathological findings were revealed at the external examination, the autopsy revealed three large trichobezoars localized in the stomach and the small intestine. Despite death was due to gastrointestinal obstruction for multiple trichobezoars and collateral bronchoaspiration of dietary material, histological findings were totally non-specific, meaning that it is sometimes difficult to conclude that death is related to the primary pathological condition.
Gallic acid diminishes pro-inflammatory interferon-γ- and interleukin-17-producing sub-populations in vitro in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Tsiogkas Sotirios G. , Apostolopoulou Konstantina , Mavropoulos Athanasios , Grammatikopoulou Maria G. , Dardiotis Efthimios , Zafiriou Efterpi , Bogdanos Dimitrios P.
Published: February 2023

Psoriasis is an inflammation of the skin mediated via the IL-23/Thl17/IL-17 pathway. We have previously demonstrated that the anthocyanin delphinidin diminishes in vitro the IL-17 and IFN-γ production of peripheral monocytes isolated by psoriasis patients (PBMCs). The degradation product of delphinidin is gallic acid (GA). This phenolic acid compound found in fruits, red wine, or green tea exerts pleiotropic antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Previous research has demonstrated the inhibitory effect of GA on pro-inflammatory transcription factors, such as STAT3, RORγt, and NF-κB, or cytokines as IL-1β and TNF, which contribute to psoriasis development. We investigated the effect of GA in vitro on PBMCs, which were stimulated ex vivo, from 40 individuals (28 diagnosed with psoriasis vulgaris and 12 healthy controls (HCs)). In our experiments, PBMCs were cultured untreated or were activated in the presence of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin with or without GA. We utilized multicolor flow cytometry to assess the production of inteleukin-17 (IL-17) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in T and NK cells. GA did not alter the fractions of IL-17- or IFN-γ-producing T and IFN-γ-producing NK cells in HCs. However, in psoriasis patients, the effect of GA on that cell population was significant. Specifically, GA decreased the frequency of IL-17-producing cells within the CD3+ (T) and CD3+CD4+ (Th) compartment; the frequency of IFN-γ-producing cells within the CD3+, CD3+CD4+, and CD3+CD4− (Tc) compartment, and the frequency of IFN-γ-producing cells within the CD3−CD56+ (NK) compartment. Whether GA’s effect also appears in vivo needs to be investigated in future.
C4 Equivalent Decarboxylation Competence in Tropical Orchids
Authors: Mukundan Nidhi S. , Banerjee Sunaina , Kumar Shruti , Satyamoorthy Kapaettu , Babu Vidhu Sankar
Published: February 2023

Tropical xero-epiphytic orchids undergo a photosynthetic mechanism called ‘Crassulacean Acid Metabolism’, a modification of Calvin–Benson cycle. This anabolic process aids in the long-term retention of organically fixed CO2, imprinting them as active sequestrators and fixers of gaseous CO2. The malate decarboxylation competence of enzymes—phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide malic enzyme (NAD-ME) and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate malic enzyme (NADP-ME) in xero-epiphytic orchids that concentrate CO2 by employing RuBisCO to embark on a carboxylation route is defined in this paper. Physiological parameters like photosynthetic rates, and quantum yield, accompanied by histomorphometry were analysed. Our study indicated PEPCK as the dominant decarboxylating enzyme in tropical orchids. The efficiency of PEPCK was reinforced by two additional malic enzymes, which are dependent on cofactors, namely Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate. These results indicated the need to appraise the potential of tropical orchids as strategic plant contenders for CO2 triggered greenhouse effect mitigator.
Laien als Akteure im Ganztag
Authors: Danner Annalena , Bock Franziska , Rohde Daniel , Graßhoff Gunther , Idel Till-Sebastian , Sauerwein Markus
Published: February 2023

Pädagogisch tätige Lai*innen haben an Schulen in den letzten zwei Dekaden an quantitativer Bedeutung gewonnen, weil mit ihnen schulische Ganztagsangebote facettenreich vorgehalten werden können und sich die Fachdiskussion in den letzten Jahren auf die Bedeutung von Schule als zunehmend multiprofessioneller Organisation ausrichtet. Eine differenziertere Betrachtung der Lai*innen erfolgt bislang aber eher zögerlich. Obwohl die Präsenz der Lai*innen in Ganztagsschulen spätestens seit der Erhebungswelle 2009 im Rahmen der Studie zur Entwicklung von Ganztagsschulen (StEG) empirisch belegt ist, werden sie diskursiv weiterhin nur am Rande unter der Globalkategorie weiteres pädagogisch tätiges Personal mitgeführt und als eher unwesentliche Akteur*innengruppe in der Ganztagforschung behandelt. Das hier skizzierte Forschungsvorhaben nimmt das aufgeworfene Forschungsdesiderat zum Ausgangspunkt und hat zum Ziel, die Bedeutung von Lai*innen in der Ganztagsschule wie auch ihre organisationale Einbindung in Schule und ihre pädagogischen Orientierungen in einem Mixed-Methods-Design sowohl quantitativ als auch qualitativ auf den drei Ebenen System, Organisation und Akteur*in zu analysieren und die Ergebnisse in einer explorativen Theorie zu Lai*innen und Laisierung in Schule zu verdichten. Damit wird der Versuch unternommen, das Phänomen der institutionellen Laisierung der Ganztagsschulen über drei Teilstudien multiperspektivisch zu betrachten.
A complete architecture for Ambient Assisted Living scenarios using a cross protocol proxy
Authors: Pierleoni Paola , Belli Alberto , Palma Lorenzo , Concetti Roberto , Sabbatini Luisiana , Raggiunto Sara
Published: February 2023

Nowadays, in the most developed countries, modern society is moving towards scenarios in which the self-sufficiency elderly people live alone in their homes. An automatic remote monitoring system using wearable sensors is becoming even more important in Ambient Assisted Living applications. For this type of services, it is important that IoT sensors networks, which are generally composed of devices with limited computing power and storage, implement reliable communication among sensors and the Internet. There are several specialized protocols for the Internet of Things proposed by the scientific community, each characterized by its own levels of Quality of Services. The emergence of new protocols forces the need for developing proxying systems able to intermediate among different types of networks and to translate the relative protocols. In this paper, we propose a complete architecture for monitoring and managing wearable devices, and, in particular, fall detection ones. Our system uses a cross protocol proxy and a device with CoAP and MQTT as application level protocols, while it exploits the NB-IoT at physical and data-link levels. The goal of this work is the performance evaluation of the proposed solution in terms of Throughput, Round Trip Time and Delay. The results highlight the low latency reached by the proposed system architecture thanks to the implemented protocols.
Some properties of differentiable p-adic functions
Authors: Fernández-Sánchez J. , Maghsoudi S. , Rodríguez-Vidanes D. L. , Seoane–Sepúlveda J. B.
Published: February 2023

In this paper, using the tools from the lineability theory, we distinguish certain subsets of p-adic differentiable functions. Specifically, we show that the following sets of functions are large enough to contain an infinite dimensional algebraic structure: (i) continuously differentiable but not strictly differentiable functions, (ii) strictly differentiable functions of order r but not strictly differentiable of order $$r+1$$

r
+
1

, (iii) strictly differentiable functions with zero derivative that are not Lipschitzian of any order $$\alpha >1$$

α
>
1

, (iv) differentiable functions with unbounded derivative, and (v) continuous functions that are differentiable on a full set with respect to the Haar measure but not differentiable on its complement having cardinality the continuum.
Stable trace ideals and applications
Authors: Dao Hailong , Lindo Haydee
Published: February 2023

We study stable trace ideals in one dimensional local Cohen–Macaulay rings and give numerous applications.
Rapid Prediction Model for Urban Floods Based on a Light Gradient Boosting Machine Approach and Hydrological–Hydraulic Model
Authors: Xu Kui , Han Zhentao , Xu Hongshi , Bin Lingling
Published: February 2023

Global climate change and sea level rise have led to increased losses from flooding. Accurate prediction of floods is essential to mitigating flood losses in coastal cities. Physically based models cannot satisfy the demand for real-time prediction for urban flooding due to their computational complexity. In this study, we proposed a hybrid modeling approach for rapid prediction of urban floods, coupling the physically based model with the light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) model. A hydrological–hydraulic model was used to provide sufficient data for the LightGBM model based on the personal computer storm water management model (PCSWMM). The variables related to rainfall, tide level, and the location of flood points were used as the input for the LightGBM model. To improve the prediction accuracy, the hyperparameters of the LightGBM model are optimized by grid search algorithm and K-fold cross-validation. Taking Haidian Island, Hainan Province, China as a case study, the optimum values of the learning rate, number of estimators, and number of leaves of the LightGBM model are 0.11, 450, and 12, respectively. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) of the LightGBM model on the test set is 0.9896, indicating that the LightGBM model has reliable predictions and outperforms random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and k-nearest neighbor (KNN). From the LightGBM model, the variables related to tide level were analyzed as the dominant variables for predicting the inundation depth based on the Gini index in the study area. The proposed LightGBM model provides a scientific reference for flood control in coastal cities considering its superior performance and computational efficiency.
Adverse Childhood Experiences: Relationship with Empathy and Alexithymia
Authors: Cerqueira Andreia , Almeida Telma Catarina
Published: February 2023

Several studies showed that adults who have experienced childhood adversity are more likely to develop alexithymia and low empathy. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the relationship between childhood adversity and alexithymia and empathy in adulthood and verify a predictive explanatory model of alexithymia. The sample comprised 92 adults who responded to the sociodemographic questionnaire, the Childhood History Questionnaire, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and the Alexithymia Scale of Toronto. Childhood adversity showed a positive relationship with alexithymia and a negative relationship with empathy. Predictive validity showed that marital status, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and empathic concern predicted higher alexithymia scores. These results show the impact of these childhood experiences on adult life, underlining the importance of developing intervention programs in this field.
The Atrocity of Hunger
Authors: Sinnreich Helene J.
Published: February 2023

During World War II, the Germans put the Jews in Nazi-occupied Poland into ghettos which restricted their movement and, most crucially for their survival, access to food. The Germans saw the Jews as 'useless eaters,' and denied them sufficient food for survival. The hunger which resulted from this intentional starvation impacted every aspect of Jewish life inside the ghettos. This book focuses on the Jews in the Łódź, Warsaw, and Kraków ghettos as they struggled to survive the deadly Nazi ghetto and, in particular, the genocidal famine conditions. Jews had no control over Nazi food policy but they attempted to survive the deadly conditions of Nazi ghettoization through a range of coping mechanisms and survival strategies. In this book, Helene Sinnreich explores their story, drawing from diaries and first-hand accounts of the victims and survivors. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Harriet Taylor Mill
Authors: McCabe Helen
Published: February 2023

Harriet Taylor Mill is an overlooked figure in the history of political philosophy, ethics, economics and politics, over-shadowed by the fame of her writing partner, and eventual husband, John Stuart Mill. Given that they met at a very early age (when Taylor Mill was twenty-two), and wrote together for over a quarter of a century, it can be hard to distinguish what is 'hers' and what is 'his'. Indeed, maybe we should consider much of Mill's canon as being 'theirs'. Taylor Mill inputted into some extremely famous works, including On Liberty, and her thought, impact and legacy are well worth charting. This Element explores her contribution to political theory; ethics; political economy; and political reform. It draws on close textual analysis of 'her' works and those of Mill (including manuscripts unpublished in her lifetime, and correspondence), as well as interrogating his description of their co-authoring relationship.
The Law and Practice of Global ICT Standardization
Authors: Kanevskaia Olia
Published: February 2023

This book presents a first comprehensive effort to explore the mechanics and fundamentals of global ICT standardization. It offers a comprehensive study of legal rules governing ICT standardization; systematically analyses governance and institutional features of some most prominent Standards Development Organizations; and presents qualitative empirical evidence on implementation of these rules in practice. By evaluating legal and procedural rules in light of current practices and tendencies in the industry, the book explores various options available for disciplining ICT standardization from the viewpoint of the applicable legislation, judiciary, and internal governance rules of Standards Development Organizations and offers practical solutions on how to increase the legitimacy of ICT standards. Adding to the previous theoretical approach to the field of standardization from historical, legal and political science perspective, this book applies theoretical considerations to unexplored scenarios, offering a holistic picture of ICT standardization and providing a novel contribution to the field.
Disciplinary Identities
Authors: Hyland Ken
Published: February 2023

Disciplinary Identities uses findings from corpus research to present fascinating insights into the relationship between author identity and disciplinarity in academic writing. Ken Hyland draws on a number of sources, including acknowledgements texts, academic homepages and biographies, to explore how authors convey aspects of their identities within the constraints placed upon them by their disciplines' rhetorical conventions. He promotes corpus methods as important tools in identity research, demonstrating the effectiveness of keyword and collocation analysis in highlighting both the norms of a particular genre and an author's idiosyncratic choices. Identity is conceived as multi-faceted and socially negotiated, and writing is seen as the contextualised performance of the author's identity to a community of readers. Hyland concludes by outlining a way forward for encouraging individuality as well as conventionality in students of EAP.
Muddying the Waters: The Concept of a ‘Safe Harbour’ in Understanding Human Rights Due Diligence
Authors: Smit Lise , Bright Claire , Neely Stuart
Published: February 2023

The concept of a ‘safe harbour’ has been mentioned in several contexts during ongoing discussions around regulatory developments towards mandatory human rights and environmental due diligence (mHREDD) which continue at international, European and national levels. This article analyses the concept of a ‘safe harbour’ and how it relates to human rights due diligence (HRDD) as described in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs). It discusses examples of other types of safe harbours which were recognized in legislation and case law; considers that a safe harbour could result in a ‘tick-box’ approach; highlights the implications for access to remedy; and distinguishes a safe harbour exemption from a defence of having undertaken HRDD in accordance with an expected standard of conduct.
Impact of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) on the quality of room cleaning in nursing homes
Authors: Hsi Joshua B. , Singh Raveena D. , Pedroza Robert , Gussin Gabrielle M. , Tjoa Thomas T. , Gohil Shruti K.
Published: February 2023

Persons with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) are prone to receiving reduced quality of care. We compared the quality of room cleaning of rooms with ADRD residents and rooms with non-ADRD residents in nursing homes using an ultraviolet (UV) marker. ADRD status was associated with greater failure of UV marker removal (odds ratio, 1.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–2.71; P = .03).
Scaling in Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: Lindborg Erik
Published: February 2023

We consider the Nusselt–Rayleigh number problem of Rayleigh–Bénard convection and make the hypothesis that the velocity and thermal boundary layer widths,

$\delta _u$

and

$\delta _T$

, in the absence of a strong mean flow are controlled by the dissipation scales of the turbulence outside the boundary layers and, therefore, are of the order of the Kolmogorov and Batchelor scales, respectively. Under this assumption, we derive

$Nu \sim Ra^{1/3}$

in the high

$Ra$

limit, independent of the Prandtl number,

$\delta _T/L \sim Ra^{-1/3}$

and

$\delta _u/L \sim Ra^{-1/3} Pr^{1/2}$

, where

$L$

is the height of the convection cell. The scaling relations are valid as long as the Prandtl number is not too far from unity. For

$Pr \sim 1$

, we make a more general ansatz,

$\delta _u \sim \nu ^{\alpha }$

, where

$\nu$

is the kinematic viscosity and assume that the dissipation scales as

$\sim u^3/L$

, where

$u$

is a characteristic turbulent velocity. Under these assumptions we show that

$Nu \sim Ra^{\alpha /(3-\alpha )}$

, implying that

$Nu \sim Ra^{1/5}$

if

$\delta _u$

were scaling as in a Blasius boundary layer and

$Nu \sim Ra^{1/2}$

(with some logarithmic correction) if it were scaling as in a standard turbulent shear boundary layer. It is argued that the boundary layers will retain the intermediate scaling

$\alpha = 3/4$

in the limit of high

$Ra$

.
Sojourn functionals for spatiotemporal Gaussian random fields with long memory
Authors: Leonenko N. N. , Ruiz-Medina M. D.
Published: February 2023

This paper addresses the asymptotic analysis of sojourn functionals of spatiotemporal Gaussian random fields with long-range dependence (LRD) in time, also known as long memory. Specifically, reduction theorems are derived for local functionals of nonlinear transformation of such fields, with Hermite rank $m\geq 1,$ under general covariance structures. These results are proven to hold, in particular, for a family of nonseparable covariance structures belonging to the Gneiting class. For $m=2,$ under separability of the spatiotemporal covariance function in space and time, the properly normalized Minkowski functional, involving the modulus of a Gaussian random field, converges in distribution to the Rosenblatt-type limiting distribution for a suitable range of values of the long-memory parameter.
Cyclicity of rigid centres on centre manifolds of three-dimensional systems
Authors: Pessoa Claudio , Queiroz Lucas , Ribeiro Jarne D.
Published: February 2023

We work with polynomial three-dimensional rigid differential systems. Using the Lyapunov constants, we obtain lower bounds for the cyclicity of the known rigid centres on their centre manifolds. Moreover, we obtain an example of a quadratic rigid centre from which is possible to bifurcate 13 limit cycles, which is a new lower bound for three-dimensional quadratic systems.
Serum folate mediates the associations of MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism with blood glucose levels and gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese Han pregnant women
Authors: Wang Yunguo , Wang Yiyun , Sun Yao , Zhang Naijian , Liang Xiaoshan , Luo Suhui , Dai Lirong , Sun Chao , Yang Yungui , Li Shuying , Zhang Xumei , Zhang Qiang
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to explore the mediation effects of one-carbon metabolism (OCM) related nutrients on the association between MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine (Hcy) were measured in the serum of 1254 pregnant women. Linear and logistic regressions were used to estimate the associations of OCM nutrients and MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism with blood glucose levels and GDM risk. Mediation analysis was applied to test the mediation effects of folate, vitamin B12 and Hcy on the association of MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism with blood glucose concentrations and GDM. Pregnant women with MTHFR rs1801133 CC genotype had higher serum folate (10·75 v. 8·90 and 9·40 ng/ml) and lower serum Hcy (4·84 v. 4·93 and 5·20 μmol/l) than those with CT and TT genotypes. Folate concentrations were positively associated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 1-h plasma glucose (1-h PG), 2-h plasma glucose (2-h PG) and GDM risk. Vitamin B12 levels were negatively correlated with FPG and GDM. Although no direct association was found between MTHFR rs1801133 genotypes and GDM, there were significant indirect effects of MTHFR rs1801133 CC genotype on FPG (β: 0·005; 95 % CI: 0·001, 0·013), 1-h PG (β: 0·006; 95 % CI: 0·001, 0·014), 2-h PG (β: 0·007; 95 % CI: 0·001, 0·015) and GDM (β: 0·006; 95 % CI: 0·001, 0·014) via folate. In conclusion, serum folate mediates the effect of MTHFR rs1801133 on blood glucose levels and GDM. Our findings potentially provide a feasible GDM prevention strategy via individualised folate supplementation according to the MTHFR genotypes.
Are the current feeding volumes adequate for the growth of very preterm neonates?
Authors: Kosmeri Chrysoula , Giapros Vasileios , Gounaris Antonios , Sokou Rozeta , Siomou Ekaterini , Rallis Dimitrios , Makis Alexandros , Baltogianni Maria
Published: February 2023

Postnatal growth failure, a common problem in very preterm neonates associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcome, has recently been shown not to be inevitable. There is a wide discussion regarding feeding practices of very preterm neonates, specifically regarding feeding volumes and nutrients supply to avoid postnatal growth failure. Current guidelines recommend an energy intake of 115–140 kcal /kg per d with a considerably higher upper limit of 160 kcal/kg per d. The feeding volume corresponding to this energy supply is not higher than 200 ml/kg in most cases. From the other side, randomised and observational studies used higher feeding volumes, and these were associated with better weight gain and growth, while no complications were noted. Taking into account the above, nutritional practices should be individualised in each very and extremely preterm infant trying to reduce postnatal growth failure, pointing out that available data are inconclusive regarding the effect of high-volume feeds on growth. Large clinical trials are necessary to conclude in the best feeding practices of very preterm neonates.
Imaginaires, fabrique des frontières et construction de l’État-nation au Cameroun de la période allemande à nos jours (1884–2018)
Authors: Sourna Loumtouang Erick
Published: February 2023

L’étude des imaginaires occupe dans l'historiographie dédiée au nationalisme camerounais une place marginale. Cet article traite d'eux à la fois comme modalités d'invention et de transformation de l’État-Nation depuis la fin du XIXe siècle. L’étude soutient qu'au cœur des multiples césures de l'histoire du Cameroun, l'imaginaire est apparu comme une ressource dans laquelle ont puisé les acteurs pour produire des utopies qui, dans des contextes divers ont pris une dimension performative. La réflexion fait trois principales contributions : elle montre tout d'abord que l'idée du Cameroun en tant qu'entité territoriale indivisible tire ses origines de la période coloniale allemande. Elle révèle qu'au-delà de ses causes structurelles, la question anglophone au Cameroun objective l'idée d'un conflit d'imaginaires entre francophones et anglophones. L'analyse de la question diasporique souligne enfin l'influence des médias dans la production des imaginaires dans la crise anglophone.
Kinship, Incest, and Slavery: A Thematic Constellation in the Triteuchal Political Theology of the Divine Name
Authors: Rosenstock Bruce
Published: February 2023

Incest (“revealing the nakedness of the flesh of one’s flesh”) and slavery are presented in the Triteuch (Gen 1 through Lev 26) as twin threats to kinship creation (becoming “one flesh”) as the uniquely human matrix for fulfilling the commandment “be fruitful and multiply.” The serpent’s duplicitous nakedness symbolizes incestuous reproduction; the Tower builders, who seek to preserve their “one lip,” acquire one name, and avoid fragmentation into distinct kinship groups, “imagine” (zāmam, suggesting incest) a new way to reproduce themselves and their name; Pharaoh attempts to efface Israelite kinship and its “names” with the selective genocide of the males. The divine name YHWH, glossed as “I will be,” represents the freedom to give names to one’s children—the expression of the continuity of kinship creation (antitype of slavery)—and also the indexical uniqueness of each “I”-sayer—the interlinguistic basis of the oneness of humanity (antitype of the Tower).
Textualizing Pauline Revelation: Self-Referentiality, Reading Practices, and Pseudepigraphy in Ephesians
Authors: Atkins Christopher S.
Published: February 2023

This article argues for a new interpretation of Ephesians based on its self-referentiality. Taking as my starting point the standard view that Eph 3:3–4 refers to the preceding portion of Ephesians, I explore how the text works rhetorically. I argue that in Ephesians 3:3–4 the author reflexively authorizes Ephesians as a revelatory text that provides privileged access to “the mystery” and to “Paul” as its mediator figure. Eph 3:3–4 thereby commends its readers to approach the epistle as textualized revelation. I advance this thesis through a contextual examination of Eph 3:2–13 with attention to three sets of comparanda. First, the Pesharim and Hodayot provide relevant witnesses to the textualization of revelation in early Judaism. Second, Quintilian’s depiction of ideal reading and the reception of Eph 3:3–4 by Origen and Jerome provide an opportunity to reimagine the epistle in light of ancient readerly landscapes. Third, depictions of inspired individuals endowed with divinely granted “insight” provide a revelatory framework for understanding σύνεσις in Eph 3:4. To conclude, I suggest further avenues of research that the present interpretation of Ephesians might open, including light it sheds on Ephesians’s pseudepigraphy.