bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Clinical and Electrophysiological Features in Patients with Wolff- Parkinson- White Syndrome
Authors: Dhungana Murari , Rajbhandari Sujeeb , Shaha Kunal Bikram , Sharma Mukunda , KC Man Bahadur
Published: February 2014

Background and Aims: Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome is a congenital anomaly with delta wave in electrocardiogram representing an accessory conducting pathway. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the characteristic features of patients who underwent electrophysiological study and radiofrequency ablation at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre. Methods: One hundred ninety eight patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome were divided in to three age groups; 1) 8 to 17, 2) 18 to 29 and 3) 30 to 70 years. The clinical, electrophysiological and therapeutic data of these patients were taken retrospectively from the hospital records. Result: A total of 10 (5%) of these patients were less than 18 years of age. There was no sex difference in group 1 and 2. There were significantly more male patients in group 3. There were fewer patients with left sided accessory pathway in group 1 compared to group 2 and 3 (p=0.024 and p=0.002, respectively). Conclusion: This study describes several different electrophysiological characteristics in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The study showed that the detection of left side accessory pathway was less frequent in children and adolescents with Wolff-Parkinson- White syndrome as well as no gender preponderance in this age group. Nepalese Heart Journal | Volume 10 | No.1 | November 2013| Pages 17-19 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njh.v10i1.9741
CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles as a Magnetically Recoverable and Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of Arylaminotetrazoles and 5-aryloxytetrazoles
Authors: Bahari Siavash , Rezaei Akbar
Published: February 2014

An efficient and direct method is described for the synthesis of 5-arylamino-1 H-tetrazoles (Isomer A) or 1-aryl-5-amino-1 H-tetrazoles (Isomer B) and 5-aryloxytetrazoles from arylcyanamides or cynates with nano CoFe2O4 as a reusable and efficient heterogeneous catalyst. Isomer A was obtained from arylcyanamides carrying electron-withdrawing substituents on the aryl ring, while isomer B was produced with electron-releasing groups. The significant advantages of this methodology are high yields, elimination of dangerous and harmful hydrazoic acid, simple work-up procedure and the recovery and reusability of the catalyst.
Zinc-mediated Addition of Bromoacetonitrile to Carbonyl Compounds under Solvent-free Conditions
Authors: Zhang Yumei , Du Xi , An Bin
Published: February 2014

Zinc mediated addition reaction of bromoacetonitrile with aryl aldehydes and ketones produces β-hydroxynitriles under solvent-free conditions. The valuable feature of the methodology are solvent-free and catalyst-free conditions and short reaction times (5 min).
Simple Conversion of Thiols to Disulfides in EtOH under Ambient Aerobic Conditions without using any Catalyst or Additive
Authors: Wang Hang , Huang Guojun , Sun Yang , Liu Yunyun
Published: February 2014

EtOH was found to be an excellent medium for the aerobic S–S coupling reactions of various alkyl and aryl thiols. A series of useful disulfides RSSR have been synthesised in good to excellent yields without using any additional catalyst, oxidant or additive. Moreover, most products could be obtained by simply removing the solvent after completion of the reaction. Satisfactory results were obtained for both mg- and g-scale reactions.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Cu2+ Recognition of Novel Azobenzene Derivatives
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Mingzhu , Yu Xiaolong , Zhang Qiang , Jiang Xiaoyu , Wang Junwu , Gao Yan
Published: February 2014

Three novel azobenzene derivatives have been synthesised from (E)-4,4′-bischloroformyl azobenzene and arylamines. The crystal structure of (E)-[{diazene-1,2-diylbis(4,1-phenylene)}bis{(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methanone}] has been obtained The UV-Vis and fluorescence spectral data of (E)-[{diazene-1,2-diylbis(4,1-phenylene)}bis-{(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone}] show that it can recognise selectively Cu2+ and a 1: 2 stoichiometric complex is formed between the receptor and the cation.
Synthesis, Characterisation and Molecular Recognition of Novel Zn(II) Macrocyclic Complexes with Imidazole or Benzimidazole Pendants
Authors: Li Shuo , Xie Jia-qing , Xiang Qing-xiang , Quan Xue-jun , Xu Jun-qiang
Published: February 2014

Macrocyclic polyamine Zn(II) mononuclear and dinuclear complexes bearing imidazole or benzimidazole pendants have been synthesised and their binding constants determined by UV-Vis spectrometric titration. The binding ability of the complexes is stronger than that of the control materials with cytosine (Cyt). The recognition abilities of the dinuclear complexes for Cyt are much higher than that for the other bases or nucleosides (such as uracil, 5-hydroxymeyhyl uracil, adenosine, thymidine and uridine); the binding constants of the dinuclear complexes with m-xylyl or pyridyl as linkers are 25,360 and 22,550 dm3 mol−1 respectively.
Efficient synthesis of Some Novel Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Pyridine bis-1,2,4-triazoles and bis-1,3,4-thiadiazoles
Authors: Foroughifar Naser , Mobinikhaledi Akbar , Rafiee Abdolhossein
Published: February 2014

A series of novel bis-1,2,4-triazoles and bis-1,3,4-thiadiazoles bearing pyridine rings was synthesised, by multistep reaction sequences, in good to high yields. Reaction of pyridine-2,5-bis- and pyridine-2,6-bis-carbohydrazides with alkyl- or aryl-isothiocyanates gave the corresponding bis(thiosemicarbazide) derivatives, which could be cyclised under strongly basic conditions to give novel pyridine bis(1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols). However, under strongly acidic conditions the corresponding bis(2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles) were obtained. The synthetic routes and spectroscopic characterisation of the new compounds are reported.
Some Derivatives of 5-hydroxy-2-pyridone(2,5-dihydroxypyridine)
Authors: Behrman Edward J.
Published: February 2014

The syntheses of 5-hydroxy-6-bromo-2-pyridone, 5-hydroxy-6-nitroso-2-pyridone, 3-bromo-5-acetoxy-2-pyridone, and 3-nitro-5-acetoxy-2-pyridone are described.
Potentiality of Biodiesel Production From Non-Edible Oil: Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: Ferdous Kaniz , Uddin M Rakib , Islam Rehnuma , Khan Maksudur R , Islam MA
Published: January 2014

The present study focuses potentiality of biodiesel production in Bangladesh from non-edible oil. The increasing demands of energy are consumed by using fossil fuels which are non-renewable and will be depleted within 150 years from now if this growth rate stays but if this rate increases further the depleting time will decrease from the estimated one. Because of low reservation of crude oil, Bangladesh has to import oils from other countries, these costs a lot. About 95% of these demands can be meted through biodiesel. Biodiesel prepared from both edible and non-edible oils. After meeting demands of edible oil of the country it is impossible to produce biodiesel from edible oils. But it is possible to meet the biodiesel demand of the country almost 100% through non-edible oil derived biodiesel. Arable lands of Bangladesh cant be used for the growing purposes of non-edible oil seeds, but if rail and road sides are used there is no need for extra lands. After surveying lands for this purpose it seems that Bangladesh can get a total amount of 47750 Km of road and rail side areas for the cultivation of non-edible seeds. Among these forest seeds Nageswar, Pitraj, Sultana champa Ponyal, Rata, Oil palm, Chaulmoogra, Bakul, Kusum, jaina have sufficient oil content along with plenty of growth in Bangladesh. Cultivating these seeds 1100000 tones of biodiesel can be produced on the basis of their oil content and yield. Which decreases the amount of imported crude oil as well as meets the oil demand of the country, thus Bangladesh can be able to save about $6 billion per year means a great economic savings that can be used for the development of the country. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i2.17763 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 27, No. 2, June 2012: 1-5
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Rice Straw to Fermentable Sugar: Kinetic Study
Authors: Saha Pradip , Khan MR , Deb TK , Majumdar S , Alam F , Sarker NC
Published: January 2014

As the gradual up-growing trend of industrialization and urbanization leading steady increment of demand of energy; eco-friendly, bio degradable, cost competitive and promising source of energy with high sustainability is toughly needed for the new era of modern world. Hydrolysis of cellulose by cellulase enzymes is a vital candidate for this option. It is a solid-liquid heterogeneous reaction; strongly affected by the non-reaction resistances caused most notably by the crystalline structure; reaction environment parameters as temperature, pH, characteristics of enzyme, cell & substrate loading and hence must have to be defined for specific enzyme-substrate amalgamation. In this present investigation, glucose was produced from rice straw using cellulytic enzyme pseudomonas sp., isolated from municipal solid waste. Glucose yield was found to increase as the rice straw particle size decreased from 0.5 mm to 45 ?m, while the optimal temperature and pH were found within the range of 30°C and 7.0 respectively. The concentration and rate of glucose production was observed to depend on pretreatment of rice straw, substrate concentration and enzyme loading. A kinetic model rate expression has been developed for such a process based on the Michaelis  Mentens and Line weaverBurk approach. Comparison between the experimental data and those predicted from the rate model indicate good agreement with a mean absolute deviation of about 0.304916. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i2.17778 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 27, No. 2, December 2012: 20-24
Preparation and labeling of technitium-99m kit In pharmaceutical grade clean room
Authors: Amin M Ruhul , Haque Azizul , Biswas Avishek , Mozumder Taufiq Hassan
Published: January 2014

Technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals are in widespread use owing to the availability and affordability of 99Mo/99m-Tc generators and the variety of kits for formulating the desired products. Together, they provide an array of specific tools for diagnosing a large number of diseases affecting the bones and major organs of the body such as the heart, brain, liver, kidney and thyroid. Nuclear medicine requires high quality radiopharmaceuticals and kits that are safe for administration and efficacious for a given application. In Bangladesh, no commercial production was done before this. This paper presents the theoretical basis of and describes the procedures for preparing three selected kits. Details of the ingredients are also included. The procedures described here can be used to develop manuals and standard operating procedures in Bangladesh. This report is expected to serve as a guide to radiopharmaceutical manufacturing centers and centralized pharmacies involved in the production of such kits in the current environment of Bangladesh. It will be a useful resource for many hospital radio pharmacy departments that routinely use the kits to compound 99m-Tc radiopharmaceuticals. Three kits namely: MDP, DMSA and DTPA were prepared. Paper Chromatography was involved to disparate the polar and non-polar part of the kit-solution and finally gamma spectrometry (HPGe) to deduce the Radiochemical Purity (RCP). By reviewing purity values, it was found that only DMSA has passed the 95% barrier which is the required percentage for safe application. This paper suggests that the findings require more practice and involve such exquisite points, which will contribute in the production of Tc-99m vivo-kits at Radioisotope Production Division (RIPD), AERE, INST and in their projected future mass production successfully. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i2.17798 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 27, No. 2, December 2012: 31-35
Optimization and fabrication of a portable biogas reactor
Authors: Yousuf Abu , Iqbal Salma Akhter , Sarker Niloy Chandra , Hasan Md Nazmul , Sarker Mohammad Shahadat Hussain
Published: January 2014

The study was conducted to investigate the production of biogas from kitchen waste (KW) with co-digestion of cow manure (CM) by using anaerobic digestion process. The experimental protocol was defined to examine the effect of organic loading rate (OLR), temperature, and NaOH-treatment on the efficiency of the production of biogas. A portable biogas reactor was fabricated for efficient biogas production which included an agitation and a heating system. The KW and CM were co-digested at ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1 and 8:1 respectively at loading rates of 50, 100,150, 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 g/L. The highest degradation rate of 7.96 ml/g was obtained from the loading rate of 200 g/L. Furthermore, KW was co-digested at different temperatures 25, 35, 40, 45, and 500C, maintaining the same loading rate of 200 g/L and the highest degradation rate of 7.98 ml/g was inspected at temperature 350C. The alkali (NaOH) was used to treat KW to improve biogas production and four NaOH doses 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% on wet matter basis of KW were applied. The highest degradation rate 13.21ml/g was obtained from 1.5% NaOH which was almost double compared to untreated KW. In addition, 39.74 % more biogas could be produced from 1.5% NaOH-treated KW than untreated KW. The results were further verified by scaling up to a semi-continuously-operating pilot-plant reactor co-digesting KW with CM as bacterial seed and confirmed that no negative impact was imposed at optimized conditions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i2.17799 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 27, No. 2, December 2012: 36-40
Effect of Doping Agent on Elution Profile of Tc-99m Generationand Labeling of Tc-99m With
Authors: Amin M Ruhul , Haque Azizul , Kumar Hreeshit , Yousuf Sayem
Published: January 2014

Effect of doping agent on elution profile of Tc-99m generation and labeling of Tc-99m with MDP (Methylene diphosphonate) were carried out and studied. Tc -99m is one of the most talked element of modern radio pharmacy for its multiple application in diagnosis.Tc-99m is produced from Mo-99 through radioactive decay process. In our work two column chromatographic generator were made with Alumina column and loaded with Mo-99 which would be converted into Tc-99m eventually. Elution was taken by passing saline( 1 mL 0.9% NaCl solution and 1 mL 0.9% NaCl solution with 0.0045% NaNO3 as doping agent) each time and the activities of Tc -99m was measured by a Dose Calibrator. Elutions of Tc-99m were carried out several times and each time activity was measured. It is observed that almost 60 -75 % activity can be found in 2nd elution. Studying elution profile it is seen that activity curve reaches at pick in 2nd elution and afterwards gradually slopes down. Each time better activity is achieved by using pure saline. In spite of lower activity, this research resulting highly recommendation of using NaNO3 as a doping agent in NaCl saline in case of using elution because of its higher purity and RCP value . Tc -99m is applied over a biological body as a labeled compound . In this case MDP was used as a labeling compound . With a view of carrying out the RCP value of labeled compound, paper chromatography technique is done with various mobile phases in Whatman No 1 paper. Purity (%) is ranging from 30  90 % and NaNO3 doped NaCl radioactive solution shows better purity performance than pure NaCl solution in every different mobile phase . DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i2.17800 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 27, No. 2, December 2012: 41-45
Power Generation from Coal-A review
Authors: Sarker Mridul , Chowdhury Debasish , Hossain Iqbal
Published: January 2014

Power generation from coal is an essential need to meet world?s energy demand. There are two major challenges in coal-based power generation: improving the efficiency and reducing the emissions level. In fact, these challenges have been under research for a long time. This article focuses on the recent developments of process technologies and coal treatment to improve the performance of coal?based power plant. Barriers to the adoptions of modern developments and additional needs in research are also addressed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i2.17802 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 27, No. 2, December 2012: 50-54
A Comparative study on the photocatalytic degradation of industrial dyes using modified commercial and synthesized TiO2 photocatalysts
Authors: Rahman Mohammed Mastabur , Choudhury Fatema Akthar , Hossain Md Delowar , Chowdhury Md Namwarul Islam , Mohsin Sadia , Hasan Md Mehdi , Uddin Md Fakar , Sarker Niloy Chandra
Published: January 2014

Commercial and Synthesized titanium di oxide (TiO2) prepared by conventional sol-gel method, are modified to degrade industrial dyes. Modification is done on bare TiO2 and TiO2 doped with various doping agents (activated charcoal/silicon dioxide/zinc oxide), followed by thermal treatments. The role of thermal treatments and doping effects on the efficiency of TiO2 photocatalysts are highlighted and evaluated by decoloration of Methylene Blue in aqueous solution under UV and Visible light irradiation for both systems. The results revealed that increase in calcination temperature up to optimum level enhances the photocatalytic activities of the samples and doping narrows the band gap and makes the samples visible light responsive. This study also showed that activated charcoal (AC) doped TiO2 photocatalyst is a promising one under Visible light and is thus used to degrade other dyes such as Crystal Violet and Rhodamine B. The obtained experimental data are used to study four different kinetic models: Zero order, Pseudo first order, Parabolic diffusion and Modified Freundlich model. The best fit of the experimental data are obtained by Pseudo first order and Modified Freundlich models. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i2.17805 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 27, No. 2, December 2012: 65-71
Thermal and Mechanical properties of epoxy-jute fiber composite
Authors: Ahmad H , Islam MA , Uddin MF
Published: January 2014

Chopped jute fiber-epoxy composites with varying fiber length (2-12 mm) and mass fraction (0.05-0.35) had been prepared by a heat press unit. The cross-linked product was characterized in terms of specific gravity, thermal conductivity, tensile strength, Young modulus and elongation at break. The transverse thermal conductivities for randomly oriented fibers in the composite were investigated by Lees and Charltons method. The tensile strength, Young modulus and elongation at break were investigated by a Universal Tensile Tester. With an increase in the fiber content (irrespective of the fiber length), the thermal conductivity of the composite decreases; the decreasing rate being highest for the fiber length of 2 mm followed by that for the fiber length of 6 and 12 mm. The decreasing rate of the thermal conductivity of the jute-epoxy composite is comparatively higher to that reported in literature for acrylic polymer hemp fiber composite. The tensile strength also decreases with the increase of the fiber content in the composite. The fiber length does not show to have significant effect on the tensile strength of the composite; the variation in strength being masked within experimental error. The Young modulus increases with the increase of fiber content within elastic limit; showing the highest values for the fiber length of 6 mm followed by those for the fiber length of 2 mm and 12 mm. The elongation at break shows slightly increasing trend up to 15% fiber content, but beyond that it decreases drastically. The specific gravity decreases with the increase in the fiber content and thus the recalculated specific tensile strength is found to keep at a stable level of 36MPa up to the fiber content of 20%, and beyond that the specific tensile strength decreases with the increase in the fiber content. It is concluded that jute fiber-epoxy composite could be used as a good heat-insulating material. Further investigation is recommended on the improvement of the thermal insulation keeping the mechanical properties unchanged or even improved. The TGA study is also required to ascertain the field of application of the material. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i2.17807 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 27, No. 2, December 2012: 77-82
Treatment of Textile Dyes by Bio-chemical Process in Stirred Tank Sequencing Batch Bioreactor (STSBBR)
Authors: Saha Pradip , Khan MR , Deb TK , Sony SY , Baishnab AC
Published: January 2014

A bacterial isolate Pseudomonas sp. was isolated from the solid waste slump collected from a local duping site of Sylhet district and was efficiently utilized for the removal of dye (Orange 3R) from simulated synthetic waste water in a lab scale Stirred Tank Sequencing Batch Bioreactor (STSBBR) in batch mode. A reactor with 2 L capacity (working volume 0.5 L) equipped with suitable control means and stirring mechanism was operated at room temperature and pH 6.6 ± 1 in fill-react-settling-draw mode with different initial dye concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200 & 300 ppm) where the hydraulic retention time was maintained for 12-72 hours depending on the adaptation of waste water by the bacterial strain. The efficiency of the reactor was analyzed with respect to three strands and found to be negative correlation with the concentration of the dye. Overall color, COD, and BOD in the Stirred tank bioreactor system (STSBBR) were removed by 49.67, 37.45 and 33.89%, respectively with 50 ppm dye concentration and HRT of 24 h. The efficiency of the reactor was found to be in negative correlation with the concentration of the dye. This STSBBR system was found very effective for efficient biological treatment of such dyeing industry waste water by the bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i2.17808 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 27, No. 2, December 2012: 77-82
Using Social Network Analysis to Evaluate Health-Related Adaptation Decision-Making in Cambodia
Authors: Bowen Kathryn , Alexander Damon , Miller Fiona , Dany Va
Published: January 2014

Climate change adaptation in the health sector requires decisions across sectors, levels of government, and organisations. The networks that link these different institutions, and the relationships among people within these networks, are therefore critical influences on the nature of adaptive responses to climate change in the health sector. This study uses social network research to identify key organisational players engaged in developing health-related adaptation activities in Cambodia. It finds that strong partnerships are reported as developing across sectors and different types of organisations in relation to the health risks from climate change. Government ministries are influential organisations, whereas donors, development banks and non-government organisations do not appear to be as influential in the development of adaptation policy in the health sector. Finally, the study highlights the importance of informal partnerships (or ‘shadow networks’) in the context of climate change adaptation policy and activities. The health governance ‘map’ in relation to health and climate change adaptation that is developed in this paper is a novel way of identifying organisations that are perceived as key agents in the decision-making process, and it holds substantial benefits for both understanding and intervening in a broad range of climate change-related policy problems where collaboration is paramount for successful outcomes.
Risk Factors Associated with the Choice to Drink Bottled Water and Tap Water in Rural Saskatchewan
Authors: McLeod Lianne , Bharadwaj Lalita , Waldner Cheryl
Published: January 2014

A cross-sectional study investigated risk factors associated with choices to drink bottled water and tap water in rural Saskatchewan. Of 7,500 anonymous postal questionnaires mailed out, 2,065 responses were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. Those who reported a water advisory (p < 0.001) or living in the area for £10 years (p = 0.01) were more likely to choose bottled water. Those who reported tap water was not safe to drink were more likely to choose bottled water, an effect greater for those who had no aesthetic complaints (p ≤ 0.001), while those with aesthetic complaints were more likely to choose bottled water if they believed the water was safe (p < 0.001). Respondents who treated their water and did not use a community supply were more likely to choose bottled water (p < 0.001), while those who did not treat their water were more likely to choose bottled water regardless of whether a community supply was used (p < 0.001). A similar pattern of risk factors was associated with a decreased likelihood of consuming tap water daily; however, the use of a community water supply was not significant. Understanding the factors involved in drinking water choices could inform public health education efforts regarding water management in rural areas.
Beneficial Effects of Melatonin Combined with Exercise on Endogenous Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Proliferation after Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Lee Youngjeon , Lee Seunghoon , Lee Sang-Rae , Park Kanghui , Hong Yunkyung , Lee Minkyung , Park Sookyoung , Jin Yunho , Chang Kyu-Tae , Hong Yonggeun
Published: January 2014

Endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells (eNSPCs) proliferate and differentiate into neurons and glial cells after spinal cord injury (SCI). We have previously shown that melatonin (MT) plus exercise (Ex) had a synergistic effect on functional recovery after SCI. Thus, we hypothesized that combined therapy including melatonin and exercise might exert a beneficial effect on eNSPCs after SCI. Melatonin was administered twice a day and exercise was performed on a treadmill for 15 min, six days per week for 3 weeks after SCI. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR analysis were used to determine cell population for late response, in conjunction with histological examination and motor function test. There was marked improvement in hindlimb function in SCI+MT+Ex group at day 14 and 21 after injury, as documented by the reduced size of the spinal lesion and a higher density of dendritic spines and axons; such functional improvements were associated with increased numbers of BrdU-positive cells. Furthermore, MAP2 was increased in the injured thoracic segment, while GFAP was increased in the cervical segment, along with elevated numbers of BrdU-positive nestin-expressing eNSPCs in the SCI+MT+Ex group. The dendritic spine density was augmented markedly in SCI+MT and SCI+MT+Ex groups.These results suggest a synergistic effect of SCI+MT+Ex might create a microenvironment to facilitate proliferation of eNSPCs to effectively replace injured cells and to improve regeneration in SCI.
2-{(E)-2-[(3E)-2-Chloro-3-{(2E)-2-[1,1-dimethyl-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[e]indol-2-ylidene]-ethylidene}cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]ethenyl}-1,1-dimethyl-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-1H-benzo[e]indolium Iodide
Authors: Owens Eric , Tawney Joseph , Henary Maged
Published: January 2014

In four synthetic steps we successfully prepared a red-shifted heptamethine cyanine dye (λmax = 825 nm in methanol) that could be very useful for biochemists and bioanalytical chemists for probing lipophilic environments, including the hydrophobic pockets of enzymes. The heptamethine dye structure was characterized by various spectroscopic techniques including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and high-resolution accurate mass spectroscopy (HRMS). We have also shown the hydrophobicity spectrally by varying methanol/water ratios and observing corresponding absorbance and fluorescence spectral changes.
Crataegus pinnatifida: Chemical Constituents, Pharmacology, and Potential Applications
Authors: Wu Jiaqi , Peng Wei , Qin Rongxin , Zhou Hong
Published: January 2014

Crataegus pinnatifida (Hawthorn) is widely distributed in China and has a long history of use as a traditional medicine. The fruit of C. pinnatifida has been used for the treatment of cardiodynia, hernia, dyspepsia, postpartum blood stasis, and hemafecia and thus increasing interest in this plant has emerged in recent years. Between 1966 and 2013, numerous articles have been published on the chemical constituents, pharmacology or pharmacologic effects and toxicology of C. pinnatifida. To review the pharmacologic advances and to discuss the potential perspective for future investigation, we have summarized the main literature findings of these publications. So far, over 150 compounds including flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, lignans, hydroxycinnamic acids, organic acids and nitrogen-containing compounds have been isolated and identified from C. pinnatifida. It has been found that these constituents and extracts of C. pinnatifida have broad pharmacological effects with low toxicity on, for example, the cardiovascular, digestive, and endocrine systems, and pathogenic microorganisms, supporting the view that C. pinnatifida has favorable therapeutic effects. Thus, although C. pinnatifida has already been widely used as pharmacological therapy, due to its various active compounds, further research is warranted to develop new drugs.
L’hôtellerie sociale : un nouveau marché de la misère ? Le cas de l’Île-de-France
Authors: Le Méner Erwan
Published: January 2014

Social accommodation : cashing in on poverty ? The case of Île-de-France

Hotel accommodation paid for by the public authorities is being provided for an increasing number of homeless families, most of them immigrants. For hoteliers and intermediaries, this is a flourishing market, today worth more than a hundred million euros in Île-de-France. Yet just fifteen years ago, when initiatives for helping the homeless were expanding rapidly, hotel accommodation was a marginal solution. This article looks at how this form of accommodation emerged and at the transformations that have occurred in a sector where policies to help the most disadvantaged meet those adopted to manage immigration, and where public policy meets private enterprise.
Favoriser les sorties de l’hébergement vers le logement. De l’injonction politique aux pratiques de relogement en Île-de-France
Authors: Lanzaro Marie
Published: January 2014

Encouraging moves from accommodation to housing From political orders to rehousing policies in Île-de-France

Institutional accommodation provides provisional shelter and assistance for the homeless. This aim of this assistance is to make these people selfsufficient, encourage their integration in society, and get them out of the system, notably by giving them access to housing. Yet, since the late 1990s, accommodation has no longer been able to meet 100% of demand and there is no longer any guarantee that it will lead to a more permanent housing solution. To address these difficulties, public authorities have adopted and institutionalised measures designed to promote mobility from accommodation to housing. Based on surveys conducted among the populations and institutional players concerned, this article presents the main initiatives adopted from 2007 onwards to promote mobility from accommodation to ordinary housing, and analyses the practices consequently implemented in Île-de-France to rehouse people from temporary accommodation into social housing.

Encouraging moves from accommodation to housing From political orders to rehousing policies in Île-de-France
Employment of Telemedicine in Emergency Medicine
Authors: Bergrath S. , Rossaint R. , Thelen S. , Brodziak T. , Valentin B. , Hirsch F. , Beckers S. K. , Brokmann J. C. , Czaplik M.
Published: January 2014

Objectives: Demographic change, rising comorbidity and an increasing number of emer -gencies are the main challenges that emer -gency medical services (EMS) in several countries worldwide are facing. In order to improve quality in EMS, highly trained personnel and well-equipped ambulances are essential. However several studies have shown a deficiency in qualified EMS physicians. Telemedicine emerges as a complementary system in EMS that may provide expertise and improve quality of medical treatment on the scene. Hence our aim is to develop and test a specific teleconsultation system.

Methods: During the development process several use cases were defined and technically specified by medical experts and en -gineers in the areas of: system administration, start-up of EMS assistance systems, audio communication, data transfer, routine tele-EMS physician activities and research capabilities. Upon completion, technical field tests were performed under realistic conditions to test system properties such as robustness, feasibility and usability, providing end-to-end measurements.

Results: Six ambulances were equipped with telemedical facilities based on the results of the requirement analysis and 55 scenarios were tested under realistic conditions in one month. The results indicate that the developed system performed well in terms of usability and robustness. The major challenges were, as expected, mobile communication and data network availability. Third generation networks were only available in 76.4% of the cases. Although 3G (third generation), such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), provides beneficial conditions for higher bandwidth, system performance for most features was also acceptable under adequate 2G (second generation) test conditions.

Conclusions: An innovative concept for the use of telemedicine for medical consultations in EMS was developed. Organisational and technical aspects were considered and practical requirements specified. Since technical feasibility was demonstrated in these technical field tests, the next step would be to prove medical usefulness and technical robustness under real conditions in a clinical trial.
New microsatellite markers for wild and commercial species of Passiflora (Passifloraceae) and cross‐amplification
Authors: Cerqueira‐Silva Carlos B. M. , Santos Elisa S. L. , Vieira João G. P. , Mori Gustavo M. , Jesus Onildo N. , Corrêa Ronan X. , Souza Anete P.
Published: February 2014

• Premise of the study: We developed the first microsatellites for Passiflora setacea and characterized new sets of markers for P. edulis and P. cincinnata, enabling further genetic diversity studies to support the conservation and breeding of passion fruit species.

• Methods and Results: We developed 69 microsatellite markers and, in conjunction with assessments of cross‐amplification using primers available from the literature, present 43 new polymorphic microsatellite loci for three species of Passiflora. The mean number of alleles per locus was 3.1, and the mean values of the expected and observed levels of heterozygosity were 0.406 and 0.322, respectively.

• Conclusions: These microsatellite markers will be valuable tools for investigating the genetic diversity and population structure of wild and commercial species of passion fruit (Passiflora spp.) and may be useful for developing conservation and improvement strategies by contributing to the understanding of the mating system and hybridization within the genus.
Core level binding energies of functionalized and defective graphene
Authors: Susi Toma , Kaukonen Markus , Havu Paula , Ljungberg Mathias P , Ayala Paola , Kauppinen Esko I
Published: February 2014

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a widely used tool for studying the chemical composition of materials and it is a standard technique in surface science and technology. XPS is particularly useful for characterizing nanostructures such as carbon nanomaterials due to their reduced dimensionality. In order to assign the measured binding energies to specific bonding environments, reference energy values need to be known. Experimental measurements of the core level signals of the elements present in novel materials such as graphene have often been compared to values measured for molecules, or calculated for finite clusters. Here we have calculated core level binding energies for variously functionalized or defected graphene by delta Kohn–Sham total energy differences in the real-space grid-based projector-augmented wave density functional theory code (GPAW). To accurately model extended systems, we applied periodic boundary conditions in large unit cells to avoid computational artifacts. In select cases, we compared the results to all-electron calculations using an ab initio molecular simulations (FHI-aims) code. We calculated the carbon and oxygen 1s core level binding energies for oxygen and hydrogen functionalities such as graphane-like hydrogenation, and epoxide, hydroxide and carboxylic functional groups. In all cases, we considered binding energy contributions arising from carbon atoms up to the third nearest neighbor from the functional group, and plotted C 1s line shapes by using experimentally realistic broadenings. Furthermore, we simulated the simplest atomic defects, namely single and double vacancies and the Stone–Thrower–Wales defect. Finally, we studied modifications of a reactive single vacancy with O and H functionalities, and compared the calculated values to data found in the literature.
L'anorexie des jeunes filles : un symptôme contemporain
Authors: Borgnis Desbordes Emmanuelle
Published: January 2014

L’anorexie des jeunes filles est un phénomène de plus en plus courant aujourd’hui, phénomène qui pose, à la fois, des questions de psychopathologie et de mode de traitement. L’auteur soutient qu’à l’heure de la puberté, l’anorexie peut être un mode réponse – contraignant et couteux – pour certains sujets. L’auteur propose d’aborder l’anorexie chez les jeunes filles, non pas du côté du refus de la féminité – ce qui est l’abord le plus usité – mais d’une tentative de limiter une jouissance qui traverse le sujet et son corps. À l’heure où le corps et ses images sont particulièrement soulignés, le risque est grand de voir des jeunes filles désorientées quant à leur désir, à ce moment particulier de la puberté, céder aux attraits des idéaux contemporains. Comment réintroduire les jeunes filles anorexiques au langage de leur désir, en les séparant des exigences qu’elles s’imposent et qui les séparent plus encore de ce qui fondent leur être, en tant que femmes ?
Sous le drapeau rouge : la conférence internationale de psychotechnique de Moscou de 1931. 2 e partie : Le soleil se couche à l'Est
Authors: Turbiaux Marcel
Published: January 2014

Ce fut Spielrein qui, en tant que président de la conférence, décida des thèmes qui y seraient traités et, en particulier, en accord avec Lahy, secrétaire général de l’Association internationale de psychotechnique, d’un symposium sur « les fondements théoriques de la psychotechnique », pour lequel il proposa, comme rapporteurs, William Stern, Lahy et lui-même. Ces rapports sont brièvement résumés dans cet article, ainsi que les commentaires qu’ils appelèrent. Celui de Spielrein (voir Bulletin de psychologie , n o 519, mai-juin 2012, p. 283-295) fut un véritable réquisitoire contre la psychotechnique occidentale, accusée d’être exclusivement au service du capital, contrairement à la psychotechnique soviétique, vouée au service des ouvriers et de la prospérité de la nation. Il suscita de vives réactions, qui sont rapportées dans cet article, de la part de la majorité des Occidentaux présents. Néanmoins, en dépit des assertions de Spielrein, en URSS, la psychotechnique ne tarda pas à être considérée comme une « fausse science », « anti-marxiste » et Spielrein lui-même, accusé d’activités anti-soviétiques, fut condamné à mort et exécuté. Gastev ne fut pas épargné. L’avènement du mouvement stakhanoviste marqua la fin de « l’organisation du travail » et Gastev, arrêté pour terrorisme et activités contre-révolutionnaires, sera exécuté à son tour. Quant à son adversaire Ermanski, son opposition au taylorisme, incarné par Gastev, lui vaudra une tardive, quoique précaire reconnaissance, tandis qu’en France, Lahy et Wallon poursuivirent leurs travaux « à la lumière du marxisme ».
INFLUENCE OF LATEX POLYMER ADDITION ON THE BEHAVIOR OF MATERIALS CONTAINING CSA CEMENT CURED AT LOW HUMIDITY
Authors: Brien Joshua V. , Henke Kevin R. , Mahboub Kamyar C.
Published: February 2014

The present study assesses the hydration behavior of polymer modified and non-polymer containing calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement pastes containing minor phase tri-calcium aluminate (C3A) when cured at ambient laboratory temperature with 50% relative humidity. The particular CSA cement is unique as it offers two potential paths for ettringite formation. In the presence of sufficient calcium sulfate, these two potential paths stem from either hydration of yeelimite or hydration of tri-calcium aluminate. The study assesses the microstructural behavior of cement pastes utilizing powdered x-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/SDT). Additionally, the study utilizes direct tensile strength testing according to ASTM C307, Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Chemical Resistant Mortar, Grouts and Monolithic Surfacings to quantify relationships between microstructural characteristics and mechanical property performance for representative mortars. The present study is significant as it illustrates differences in microstructural behavior for CSA cement materials with and without polymer cured at constant 50% relative humidity. The present study suggests ettringite decomposition occurs within non-polymer containing CSA cement paste samples cured at constant low humidity. The present study presents polymer modification as an effective means for mitigating ettringite decomposition and subsequent strength loss in materials containing CSA cement cured at constant 50% relative humidity and 23°C.
Implementing Educational Technologies
Authors: Plumb Gregory
Published: January 2014

This chapter explores some of the educational technology opportunities that are available and are likely to become available for providers of engineering education. It uses examples to discuss how some of these opportunities have been realised. It also discusses the challenges faced in implementing new methods of delivering courseware and challenges that may impede the adoption of new methods and may actually work in opposition if not met with adequate support. Framing this exploration are three overarching considerations: imitative or creative uses of technology, off-the-shelf educational products versus custom built products, and support for and resistance to educational technologies.
Enhancement of Student Learning for Effective Capstone Project Outcomes
Authors: Blicblau Aaron S. , Naser Jamal
Published: January 2014

It is commonly accepted that today’s engineers are required to deal with a whole range of matters involving scientific, technological, and importantly communication issues, and so need to be educated with these aspect in mind. The pedagogy of engineering requires a better understanding of students’ abilities to guide their approach to learning the necessary skills of working in the engineering community. Consequently, there is an ever-increasing need for engineering graduates who are able to communicate effectively. In many engineering courses around the world, one of the key aspects required of the students is that they complete an independent project in their final year of studies. This chapter examines student abilities and skills required to successfully develop capstone projects which involve research skills, communication skills, and information-retrieval abilities. Findings from the work show that, although local and international students benefited from the intensive tutorial activities, it was the NESBC students who found the active learning events to be the most beneficial. The implementation of the active tutorial sessions resulted in increased grades for the majority of students. The procedures followed to achieve these findings highlight the importance of intensive active learning events for final year capstone engineering students.
Control Systems
Authors: La Brooy Roger
Published: January 2014

The field of engineering is undergoing rapid advances in knowledge application. Present drivers for the advances in engineering are clearly electronics, materials engineering, and information technology. As innovation applications abound, employers expect educators to produce students having the latest knowledge of advances in their native discipline. This aim needs to be achieved in the same four-year time-frame and yet the degree needs to contain increasing research-orientated content to comply with Australian Quality Framework requirements. How these ends can be achieved within the context of a high-quality engineering degree becomes a challenging task. The author suggests that a solution can arise by utilising a systems approach from the very first year of an engineering degree across several electro-mechanical disciplines.
Use of the Finite Element Method and Computational Fluid Dynamics in Motion Analysis of Complex Shapes, With Examples from Sports
Authors: Asai Takeshi
Published: January 2014

In the research and development of sports, Finite Element Methods (FEMs) and Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are frequently used as tools to examine the transformation of a solid and the flow of a fluid, respectively. This chapter presents a simplified approach to understanding the FEM and CFD and their basic equations, providing the foundation for a theoretical understanding of the two methods. To facilitate an understanding of the application of the FEM to sports research, an analysis of the impact of landing on the human body is presented. Similarly, the application of CFD to sports research is illustrated through a flow analysis around spiked shoes. This chapter will not only enable students to study CFD but also introduce them to literature on the FEM and CFD with regard to other sports to encourage them to study further.
The Importance of a Collaboratory
Authors: Banky George P.
Published: January 2014

Researchers have identified active collaborative learning and membership in learning communities as factors that facilitate the engagement of learners. In the reported student engagement study, a commercially available software utility was used to establish such an environment in a computer laboratory. This chapter addresses the following issues: will collaborative learning result in more student engagement and what type of software will support such activity? The collected data includes anonymous survey responses, mean marks for assessable components, and tutorial attendance figures for 2011 (pre-intervention) and 2012 (post-intervention) and 2013 (modified content with post-intervention style delivery). Freeform responses in the anonymous student survey were positive towards the experience. In 2012 with respect to those of 2011, mean assignment and tutorial participation marks for the students improved, while those for other assessable components appeared to have worsened. Student engagement, as reflected in tutorial attendance and assignment marks, were better in 2012. In 2013, the study was repeated with the focus of the tutorials changed to group problem solving with the tutorial participation reflecting student contributions during such sessions. The mean marks for the exam, the laboratory participation and for the course improved over those for 2012 and 2011, respectively. The other means slightly improved over those for 2011 but were slightly worse for those for 2012.