bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financial Analysis of Water Management Practices in Cranberry Production in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Bogdan Ana-Maria , Kulshreshtha Suren , Caron Jean
Published: October 2021

At a global scale, Canada is the second largest cranberry producer, with Quebec being the largest producing region within Canada. Efficient water use in agricultural production has long been a topic of outmost importance to agricultural producers, and governing bodies. The immediacy of climate change effects sped up the need to find solutions that conserve water. One such promising technology is irrigation using real-time tensiometers, which provides rapidly critical irrigation needs information to producers. Adoption of improved technologies by farmers is dependent on the effect it has on the farms’ bottom line. In this study, we examine the financial performance of real-time tensiometer based irrigation, and compare it to evaporation needs based irrigation (baseline), in the context of a Quebec-based cranberry farm. Our findings show that irrigating using real-time tensiometers technology generated higher economic returns. With a net present value of $96,847, this technology increased returns by nearly 53% compared to the baseline technology. Subsequent sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings, even when changing important farming parameters.
DEAF PEOPLE IN THE POLISH LABOUR MARKET
Authors: Wiśniewski Zenon , Antoniak Dorota
Published: October 2021

The aim of the paper is to show the conditions of taking up work and employment opportunities of deaf people in Poland. The theoretical part describes medical and cultural aspects of deafness. The size and structure of the deaf population as well as their methods of communicating have been analyzed. Particular attention has been paid to employment barriers faced by deaf people and their strengths and weaknesses as workers. In the empirical part, a diagnostic survey has been used to verify the hypothesis.
Lead and delivery system for His Bundle Pacing (HBP)
Authors: Cuvillier Erick
Published: October 2021

Lead and delivery system for His Bundle Pacing (HBP)
ESTIMATES OF SOCIAL MINIMUM BASKETS FOR THE SECOND QUARTER OF 2021
Authors: Kurowski Piotr
Published: October 2021

The article presents values of social minimum baskets estimated for conditions prevailing in the second quarter of 2021. The presented estimates take into account the needs as foreseen in the model under normal conditions of social life – new circumstances (Covid-19) have not been considered. There is a lack of research on changes in household consumption in 2021. If there will be a need to change assumptions in the model, the values of social minimum can be recalculated in the future. External conditions for households in the second quarter of 2021 were reasonably favourable (including a falling unemployment rate to 5.9% in June). In the period under review, total consumer price growth was 1.9%. The values of the social minimum have increased from 2.3% (a single person of retirement age) to 3.2% (a family with a child aged 13 to 15). The major factor in the increasing values of the social minimum was rising food prices (from 5.8% for parents with a younger child to 6.1% for a family with an older child). This increase was almost three times higher than the price growth rate for food (2.2%). On the other hand, the dynamics of the costs of housing and energy carriers was comparable to the value of the CPI for this group.
A MAGISTRATURA CRIMINAL COMO A ÚLTIMA FRONTEIRA DA CIDADANIA
Authors: Matheus Ana Carolina Couto
Published: October 2021

O acusado da prática de um crime tem direito de ser julgado por uma pessoa que acredite na possibilidade de sua inocência. Consciente do seu papel, alicerçado na dignidade da pessoa humana, atento aos direitos decorrentes da cidadania e realizando o que prega o princípio da sustentabilidade social, o juiz de uma vara criminal deve atuar pensando na construção de uma sociedade mais justa, visando a erradicação da marginalização e redução da desigualdade, sem preconceitos e evitando qualquer forma de discriminação.
A CRIATIVIDADE NA EDUCAÇÃO JURÍDICA
Authors: Santos Priscila Pereira Cavalcanti dos
Published: October 2021

A pesquisa, que possui campo de estudo em Teoria do Direito, teve por objetivo verificar, através dos métodos de revisão de literatura, estudo de caso e entrevistas, se há instituições de educação jurídica que ainda não adotam métodos capazes de contribuir na formação de profissionais do Direito mais criativos, por se tratar de uma habilidade fundamental na contemporaneidade. Através de entrevistas entre alunos da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais e Fundação Getúlio Vargas, pôde-se averiguar que, apesar de ter se tratado de uma pesquisa qualitativa, os estudantes da primeira universidade, em sua maioria, afirmaram que a criatividade não foi desenvolvida em sala de aula ao longo do curso. Foram entrevistados também alunos da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais que fazem parte de grupos de pesquisa ou projetos de extensão com o intuito de verificar de perceberam o desenvolvimento da criatividade nesses espaços. Procurou-se, assim, fomentar o aperfeiçoamento dos cursos jurídicos apresentando algumas metodologias, em especial o ensino do Direito com a Arte.
A FUNÇÃO SOCIAL DA POSSE E SUA REPERCUSSÃO NO INSTITUTO DA USUCAPIÃO DE IMÓVEIS PÚBLICOS
Authors: Miranda Filho Juventino Gomes de , Miranda Elissandra Assis Moura Campos de
Published: October 2021

No presente artigo se analisam as características dos imóveis públicos e suas especificidades em relação aos imóveis particulares. O instituto de usucapião e o princípio da imprescritibilidade são investigados à luz da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988 e da Codificação Civil Brasileira, além da vastidão jurisprudencial e do Enunciado no. 340 da Súmula do STF. As análises sustentam-se em bases dialéticas e em vista à Função Social da posse.
Towards Passive Design Strategies for Improving Thermal Comfort Performance in a Naturally Ventilated Residence
Authors: Rana Kritika
Published: October 2021

Passive design integrates a wide range of climate-based strategies to increase occupant thermal comfort and minimise the need for mechanical systems for heating and cooling. The aim of this study was to improve the thermal comfort performance in a naturally ventilated residence through the identification and evaluation of the best set of passive design strategies. A two-storey residence located in Washington, United States with a temperate climate was selected as the case study residence. A reference simulation model was developed by replicating only the orientation and massing of the case study residence, while certain assumptions were made for other building characteristics. Thermal comfort performance analysis was conducted in the DesignBuilder software. A set of design strategies were introduced as interventions followed by simulation runs to efficiently track progress. From the reference simulation model to the final intervention model, a 50% reduction in the annual discomfort hours was anticipated in the five selected zones of the residence. Following the integration of four major interventions, the target discomfort hours were met in three zones—library, bedroom 1 and bedroom 2, with 53.03%, 60.42% and 58.94% reduction in discomfort hours, respectively. The two remaining zones—living and lounge also had a notable improvement with a reduction of 43.93% and 45.99%, respectively. The successful design strategies included—incorporation of triple glazed, low-emissivity and argon filled openings with wooden frames; integration of overhangs in south-facing windows, minor reduction of openings in the east and west façade, and addition of blinds for window shading; and use of an energy code standard construction for the building components and further addition of insulation in the building envelope. The most effective intervention was the customisation of the window operation schedule based on seasonal air temperature differences to optimise natural ventilation. This study demonstrated that occupant thermal comfort can be significantly improved throughout the year with the appropriate use of passive heating and cooling strategies, thereby reducing energy consumption and the environmental impact of buildings.
The Effect of Climate Change on Weathering: Evidences from Heritage Buildings under Subtropical Conditions
Authors: Xystouris Kyriakos , Apostolidou Eleni , Kylili Angeliki , Fokaides Paris A.
Published: October 2021

The scientific community of building physics has known for decades that weathering has a significant effect on the condition of buildings. Weathering agents such as water, carbon dioxide and oxygen, potentially accelerate the natural deterioration of buildings, leading to undesirable results, especially in cases involving buildings of special cultural importance. Climate change and its effect on weather conditions may potentially accelerate the weathering of buildings.The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of climate change on weathering of building materials of heritage buildings under subtropical climatic conditions. As a case study, non-destructive measurements of 10 traditional buildings in Strovolos, an urban centre in Cyprus, were employed. To study the deterioration of buildings, non-destructive methods were utilized, namely infrared (IR) thermography. The deterioration was studied for different materials, different orientations, as well as for materials of different ages. Through qualitative and quantitative thermographs, the results demonstrate the significant effect of climate change on the deterioration of building materials.
Development of Georeferenced 3D Point Cloud in GPS Denied Environments Using Backpack Laser Scanning System
Authors: Jafri Syed Riaz un Nabi , Rehman Yawar , Faraz Sadia Muniza , Amjad Hira , Sultan Moazza , Rashid Syed Jaudat
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a method to generate a Georeferenced 3D point cloud of GPS denied built structures using custom made backpack laser scanning system. An orthogonal combination of 2D Hokuyo laser scanners has been used on the backpack system to generate a 3D point cloud of the surveyed environments. The data logging of scanners and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) of the scanning system have been carried out using Robot Operating System (ROS). The developed local SLAM based 3D point cloud solution has been transformed into global Georeferenced 3D point cloud using observed geographic coordinates of nearby GPS visible vicinities. Multiple indoor environments have been scanned and 3D point clouds have been developed which have been found accurate when compared to the ground truth. In comparison to available surveying solutions present in the local market, the developed system has been found more accurate, faster, and user friendly to generate structural results of the surveyed vicinities in detail. The efficacy of the system has been witnessed by local surveying companies by delivering the unique global coordinated solutions on affordable rates.
Modern Sample Preparation Techniques: A Brief Introduction
Authors: Sargazi Mona , Hossein Hashemi Sayyed , Kaykhaii Massoud
Published: October 2021

Due to fast growth in microprocessors, analytical instrumentations in spectroscopy, chromatography, microscopy, sensors and microdevices have been subjected to significant developments. Despite these advances, a sample preparation step is indispensable before instrumental analysis. Main reasons are low sensitivity of the instruments, matrix interferences and incompatibility of the sample with the analytical device. Most of the time spent and most of the errors occurring during a chemical analysis is on sample preparation step. As a result, any improvements in this essential process will have a significant effect on shortening the analysis time and its precision and accuracy and lowering the cost. This introductory chapter intends to draw the readers’ attention to the importance of sample preparation, the procedures of sampling and the source of errors that occur in the course of sampling. The chapter then continues with a heading on sample preparation techniques, including exhaustive and non-exhaustive methods of extraction. Microwave, sonication and membrane-based extraction techniques are more emphasized as exhaustive methods and under a new title, miniaturized methods are discussed. Automation, on-line compatibility and simplification is an important aspect of any sample preparation and extraction which is discussed at the end of this chapter.
Testing for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Popadić Dušan
Published: October 2021

This review article describes the principles and implications of certain tests for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infections. The advantages and disadvantages of certain tests, both those in routine diagnostic application and those that have primarily research significance, are discussed. Also, a review of the practice of reporting results is given, as well as recommendations for its improvement.
Centralization efforts in the transformation of the Hungarian local government system
Authors: Bado Atila
Published: October 2021

Following a change of government in 2010, the Hungarian local government system underwent a period of significant transformation. The question of how it is viewed and the effects it may have are currently being debated. However, the fact that 2011 saw a reform of a more than a 20-year-old unyielding system seems difficult to argue with. Laced with the democratic ideal of self-government, the Hungarian regime change of 1989 resulted in a fragmented local government system with a considerable degree of management authority. The local government model opted for by Hungary, which can indeed be dubbed as the champion of decentralisation, could function uninterruptedly until 2010 with minor adjustments. The centralising effort of the government had already become clear beyond a shadow of a doubt before the adoption of the Cardinal Act or the Fundamental Law (2011) itself. The reorganisation of territorial public administration was the first series of measures which allowed to make inferences about the public administration system and the forthcoming centralisation of local governments.
Consumo de energia elétrica e suas emissões do dióxido de carbono: um estudo de caso no Instituto Federal de Pernambuco (campus Recife) antes e durante a pandemia do Covid-19
Authors: Lins Dulce Solange da Silva , Cordeiro Filipe , Sales Aldo Torres , Vasconcelos Edivania Souza de Lima
Published: October 2021

O mundo enfrenta problemas na produção de energia elétrica, por ser a principal fonte de emissão de dióxido de carbono, que intensifica o efeito estufa e que provoca aumento na temperatura planetária. Em 11 de março de 2020, devido à situação pandêmica da COVID-19, foram ativados protocolos antivirais individuais e coletivos, e afastamento presencial nas atividades produtivas que teve consequência na redução da demanda de energia elétrica e mitigação do equivalente de dióxido de carbono no Brasil. No Instituto Federal de Pernambuco, a suspensão das atividades presenciais acadêmicas, reduziu o consumo de energia elétrica e consequente redução de emissão de dióxido de carbono. O objetivo é comparar o consumo de energia elétrica e sua produção de dióxido de carbono no Instituto Federal de Pernambuco — Campus Recife, um ano antes e durante a pandemia do COVID-19, até 2020. É necessário obter dados do consumo de energia elétrica do IFPE; calcular e comparar a emissão de CO2 devido ao consumo de energia elétrica do IFPE. Através de um estudo quantitativo foi realizada a análise da comparação das tarifas do consumo de energia elétrica do ano de 2019 com 2020 para obter dados da emissão de dióxido de carbono. Houve uma redução de cinquenta porcento do consumo de energia elétrica e consequentemente a mesma quantidade de dióxido de carbono. A mudança de comportamento devido a pandemia, oportunizou a implementação de uma forma muito acelerada do trabalho remoto no Instituto Federal de Pernambuco, o que não seria cogitado em uma situação normal.
STUDYING OF THE LIPOPHILICITY AND TOXICITY OF DIPHENYLACETAMIDE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Apostolov Suzana , Vaštag Đenđi , Matijević Borko , Mrđan Gorana
Published: October 2021

Modern approach in the study of biologically active compounds includes the establishment of relationships between molecular structure, physicochemical properties and the behavior which studied compound can manifest in the biological medium. These examinantions are performed in the early stages of the design of future bioactive agent and require the knowledge of molecular descriptors that can point to its biological activity, including lipophilicity which occupies a key position. For the series of diphenylacetamide derivatives, lipophilicity is determined experimentally by thin-layer chromatography on reversed phase (RP TLC18 F254s), in mixtures of water and various organic modifiers and computationally, by using the relevant software packages. In order to estimate the potential acute toxicity of the tested diphenylacetamide derivatives, their effective concentrations, EC50, on the selected test organisms have been determined. Experimentally determined lipophilicity (RM 0 and m) is correlated with a standard measure of lipophilicity (log P), as well as with the selected parameters of toxicity. Thus it has been found that thin-layer chromatography on reversed phase can be used reliably for describing the lipophilicity and for the evaluation of the toxic effects of diphenylacetamide derivatives.
Symmetries and effect of time dimension in non-equilibrium quantum matter
Authors: Cai Zi ,   School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Published: October 2021

Non-equilibrium quantum many-body systems have attracted considerable attention in the past decades. The scope of the research of this kind of novel system involves interdisciplinary research of condensed matter, atomic and molecular physics, quantum optics, quantum information and quantum computation, as well as the non-equilibrium statistical physics. The non-equilibrium phenomena emerging from the aforementioned quantum systems can exhibit rich and universal behaviors, which have far from being well understood due to the novelties and complexities of these systems, and hence the quantum many-body physics becomes the research highlight. At the same time, with the rapid development of quantum techniques, the understanding of these complex systems is of important practical significance due to their potential applications in quantum computation and quantum manipulation. In this paper, we show our recent progress of non-equilibrium quantum many-body systems. We focus on the novel phenomena closely related to the temporary symmetry breaking, including the exotic quantum matter, quasi-particles as well as the dynamical universality classes in non-equilibrium quantum many-body systems.
Effect of a topical gel based on Adelmidrol + Trans-traumatic acid in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: an open-label study
Authors: Teobaldi Ilaria , Stoico Vincenzo , Perrone Fabrizia , Mantovani Alessandro , Piccagli Patrizia , Grandi Fiorenza , Baldo Barbara
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND:Diabetic foot ulceration is a severe complication of diabetes characterized by chronic inflammation and impaired wound healing. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a medical device gel based on Adelmidrol + Trans traumatic acid in the healing process of diabetic foot ulcers. METHODS: Thirty-seven diabetic patients with foot ulcers of mild/moderate grade were treated with the gel applied daily for 4 weeks on the affected area. The following parameters were evaluated at baseline and weekly: a) wound area, measured drawing a map of the ulcer then calculated with Photoshop6 tools, b) clinical appearance of the ulcer, assessed recording the presence/absence of dry/wet necrosis, infection, fibrin, neoepithelium, exudate, redness, granulation tissue. RESULTS: Topical treatment led to progressive healing of diabetic foot ulcers with a significant reduction of the wound area and an improvement in the clinical appearance of the ulcers. No adverse events treatment-related were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this open-label study show the potential benefits of Adelmidrol + Trans traumatic acid topical administration to promote re-epithelialization of diabetic foot ulcers. Further studies need to confirm the observed results.
Fusarium head blight in the Russian Far East: 140 years after description of the ‘drunken bread’ problem
Authors: Gagkaeva Tatiana , Orina Aleksandra , Gavrilova Olga
Published: October 2021

The first appearance of Fusarium head blight (FHB)—and the beginning of scientific research of this disease—occurred the Far East region of Russia at the end of the 19th century. In the summer of 2019, in the Amur region, which comprises 60–70% of grain production in the Russian Far East, flooding caused a state of emergency. The quality of wheat and barley grains grown under natural conditions of FHB outbreaks, including grain infection, fungal species composition, DNA content of F. graminearum and chemotypes, and the presence of various mycotoxins, was studied. Fusarium infection rates reached extremely high percentages, 51–98%, the majority of which were F. graminearum infections. The amount of F. graminearum DNA in wheat grain samples was higher than in the barley grain samples and averaged 6.1 and 2.1 pg/ng, respectively. The content of deoxynivalenol (DON) in the wheat samples reached 13,343 ppb and in barley reached 7,755 ppb. A multilocus genotyping assay was conducted on the partially sequenced fragments of the translation elongation factor EF-1a, ammonium ligase gene, reductase gene, and 3-O-acetyltransferase gene in 29 Fusarium graminearum sensu lato strains from the grain harvested in the Amur region. All strains from the Far East region were characterized as F. graminearum sensu stricto; 70% were the 15-AcDON chemotype, while the other strains were the 3-AcDON chemotype. According to the results, after 140 years of study of FHB, we are still not very successful in controlling this disease if conditions are favorable for pathogen development. Even at present, some of the grain harvested must be destroyed, as high contamination of mycotoxins renders it unusable.
Effect of Particle Size on Color of Ground Coffee
Authors: Mugabi Robert
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Particle size is one of the main variables that influence coffee brewing process and also most obvious to the consumers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different particle sizes on the color of ground coffee.

Methods: A laser diffraction analyzer was used to determine the particle size distribution of the 14 dry ground coffee samples. The particle size distribution of the roasted ground coffee samples that underwent grinding at different time periods was based on volume distribution. Color measurements of all coffee samples were made using a portable CR-400 tristimulus colorimeter and Spectra-Match software, set to L*, a*, b* mode. Color measurements were recorded for two replicates of each sample.

Results: Coffee samples ground for short times of 30s, 20s and 10s, were observed to have coarser particles than those that underwent longer grinding times. The 20s and 30s grinding times did not exhibit any significant differences for the D50 and D90 particle size distributions. There was no significant difference in D50 and D90 values for Colombian 1.3, Leyenda and Tarrazu brands. It was observed that lightness (L*) as well as a* and b* were highly significantly different between the different coffee samples with P < 0.0001. The coffee samples that underwent grinding for 60s had the highest L*, a* and b* values of 30.72, +1.31 and +1.39 respectively. Colombian 1.3 coffee brand had the lowest L* and a* values of 29.8 and +0.67 respectively, with brand 1820a having the lowest b* value of +0.39.

Conclusion: The results of this study show that there was no significant effect of particle size distribution of coffee samples on color of the ground coffee particles. L*, a* and b* values decreased during roasting, due to the darkening of the beans resulting from sugar caramelization and Maillard reactions.
An Empirical Study on Forecasting Production and Price of Tea in India
Authors: Priyadharshini M. , Murugananthi D. , Rohini A. , Vasanthi R.
Published: October 2021

Tea is a very indispensable beverage for Indian population as we rank the world’s largest consumer of black tea. Indian tea industry had been facing many downfalls for the past few years in terms of low price, excess supply, losing flavour and all this as a whole had affected the performance of the tea industry in India. With India being the second largest producer of tea globally, the production of tea in India can be subdivided into North India and South India. The current study focuses on the comparative analysis between North India, South India and India in terms of their trends in area, production, yield, export quantity, export price, auction price and auction quantity of tea. Compounded Annual growth rate (CAGR) was the tool used to find the trends of various variables. This study also focuses on the forecasting the production and auction prices of tea in India till 2023using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. The results of the present study areindicating that all the variables like area, production, yield, export quantity, export price, auction price and auction quantity of tea had shown a positive trend annually, except for that of North India’s export quantity. Production and auction prices were forecasted till 2023 using different ARIMA models amongst which ARIMA (1,1,0) proved to be the best fit model for study period.
Perceptions of Fisheries Professionals with Reference to Change in Minimum Qualification for Agricultural Research Services
Authors: Prusty Suchismita , Sharma Arpita
Published: October 2021

A study is done with the objective of assessing perceptions of fisheries professionals with reference to revised notification of minimum qualification being Ph.D. for Agricultural Research Service (ARS). Information has been collected from 50 Masters and 50 Doctorate fisheries professionals/students of ICAR-CIFE, Mumbai, using an online Google form and adopting quantitative and qualitative methods. Non parametric Mann Whitney U test is used to check if there is any difference between perception of Masters and Doctorate students. Study reveals that before the notification becoming a ‘Scientist’ was the first career choice of fisheries professionals, followed by ‘Assistant Professor’ and ‘Officer in State Department of Fisheries’. However, after the notification, the first choice has changed to becoming ‘Assistant Professor’ followed by ‘Officer in State Department of Fisheries’ and then ‘Scientist’. Students also perceive advantages and disadvantages of this revised notification. Acceptance of the notification is relatively lower among Masters Students, with a statistically significant difference between the two student groups.
mir186 and mir145 In vivo Evaluation and Enrichment in Rats Submitted to Treadmill Strenuous Exercise
Authors: De Freitas Raquel Martins , Pacheco Christina , Silva Felipe Stela Mirla Da , Cavalcante Jannison Karlly Ribeiro , Oliveira Paulo Elesson , Da Silva Denner Silvino , Ceccatto Vânia Marilande
Published: October 2021

Aims: The present study aimed to identify miRNAs differentially expressed in rats submitted to strenuous exercise and in silico investigation of the biological implication of the findings.

Place and Duration of Study: The in vivo experiments and analyses were performed in the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Gene Expression – LABIEX of the Superior Institute of Biomedical Science – ISCB from the State University of Ceará. Between 2017-2020.

Methodology: The study was performed using as subjects 2-month-old male wistar rats, which initially were submitted to 2-week adaptation training. Later the animals were separated in two distinct groups, control (C) and trained (T), where only T performed a single session of strenuous exercise, while C were not submitted to this treatment.  The applied exercise protocol consisted in a running training in treadmill with speed constant increasing until the animal exhaustion which was measured by the animal refusal to keep running. After 24h, soleus muscle was desiccated and submitted to RNAseq sequencing protocols. Obtained data were statistically evaluated in R environment with EBSeq package, to characterize and predict the miRNAs and their targets were used bioinformatics tools Gene Cards, mi RBase enrichR and KEGG.

Results: Two differentially expressed miRNAs were found, mir145 and mir 186, both with downregulated expression pattern in strenuous exercise. These miRNAs have a total of 1201 predicted target genes, 67 were repeated and mostly correlate to cardiovascular disease pathways, between those 5 were differentially expressed as down-regulated.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings suggest that mir186 and mir145 down-regulation profile mediated by strenuous exercise implicates in the non-alteration of the target genes expression profile, and consequently did not mediate alterations in the pathways they are evolved, which are mainly related to signaling and disorders.
Trend Analysis of Temperature and Rainfall across Agro Climatic Zones of Karnataka-A Semi Arid State in India
Authors: Ujwala Rani Seedari , P. Singh Naveen , Kumar Pramod , Padaria Rabindra Nath , Paul Ranjit Kumar
Published: October 2021

The study was carried out for ten Agro climatic zones in Karnataka state in India. The temperature and rainfall data were used for analysis from 1979-2019 which is about 40 years. Understanding spatiotemporal rainfall pattern, Rainfall Anomaly Index which is drought indicator technique was  used to classify the positive and negative severities in rainfall anomalies. The RAI ranges below 0.2 are considered as dry zone. The analysis resulted that, all zones are falls in category of dry zone with range of 0.2 to 0.4. For past five years, North Eastern Transition Zone was noted maximum times falling in the range of RAI below 0.2 and near to zero. Statistical techniques like linear trend estimation, R square was used for trend estimation across annual, seasonal to identify the variation in the temperature across different zones. The meaningful statistically significant achieves when there is r2≥0.65 and p≤0.05. It was analysed that, hilly Zone experienced decreased trend in both minimum and maximum temperature in all seasons which ultimately reflected in annual temperature to decrease with high R square values.
Effect of PEG Induced Drought Stress on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Greengram Genotypes
Authors: Dharshini A. Priya , Rajendra Prasad V. Babu , Vanitha K. , Manivannan N.
Published: October 2021

Greengram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is the third most important pulse crop and drought is the most severe constraint to greengram growth and productivity. The present study was conducted to identify the drought tolerant greengram genotypes. Four greengram varieties used for standarization of drought stress using Polyethyleneglycol (PEG) 6000. The effect of water stress caused by different concentration of PEG 6000 are control (0 MPa), -0.4MPa, -0.5 MPa, -0.6MPa and -0.7 MPa. Increasing PEG concentration decrease the germination percentage, root length, shoot length, fresh weigh and dry weight of seedlings. At -0.5 MPa shows 50% seedling mortality , So control and -0.5 MPa level of drought stress was used for screening the greengram genotypes. Under PEG induced drought situations, parameters such as germination percentage, growth indices and proline content were recorded in all greengram genotypes. Compared to control, PEG induced drought stress (-0.5MPa) decrease all these parameters studied, where as drought has increased the proline content in all greengram genotypes screened. Among the greengram genotypes VGG17019 and VGG17004 posses higher germination percentage, GSI and proline content indicates high level of tolerance to drought stress.
Study of the Effect of Various Organics, Chemicals, Growth Regulators Treatments on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)
Authors: Reddy J. Naga Pavan Kumar , Dayal Abhinav , Rai Prashant Kumar , Thomas Neha
Published: October 2021

University of Agriculture Technology and Science, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh during the rabi season of 2020-2021. To investigate the Study on the Effect of various organic, growth regulators & chemicals treatments on growth, yield, and yield attributing traits in Radish (Raphanus sativus). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with Thirteen treatments and three replications. The treatments consist of FYM, NAA, GA3 KNo3, ZnSo4, KCl were subjected to study the growth, and yield parameters were recorded. The maximum field emergence percentage (93.30), plant height 30 das (23.50) plant height 60 das (89.57), plant height 90 das (148.23), days to 50% flowering (52.67), number of pods per plant (110.03), dry weight of plant (40.56), seed yield per plant (5.4), biological yield (343.3) harvest index (44.23) were observed in T7 (NAA). Whereas minimum was recorded in T0 (Control) (81.30, 21.60cm, 78.13cm, 139.83cm, 56.20%, 102.33, 32.20, 1.4, 132.20, 33.10).
Bone Deformity due to Rickets and Osteomalacia in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Alqahtani Awadh Saeed , Alshehri Hayazi Mohammed , Ahmed Nazim Faisal , Alatawi Mohammed Hassan , Alshammari Wurud Muteb D. , SaeedAlshahrani Ahmed
Published: October 2021

Rickets is a worldwide bone disease that is associated with disorders of calcium and phosphate homeostasis and can lead to short stature and joint deformities. Osteomalacia is a major metabolic bone disease that results from a chronic and severe deficiency of vitamin D or phosphate from any cause after growth has stopped. A deficiency of vitamin D or phosphate leads to defective bone mineralization and generalized or localized vague bone pain in various parts of the skeleton and / or proximal muscle weakness. Rickets and osteomalacia are two different clinical diseases with impaired bone mineralization. Rickets occurs throughout the growing skeleton in infants and children, while osteomalacia occurs in adults after fusion of the growth plates. Rickets and osteomalacia are increasingly common in Saudi Arabia, with vitamin D deficiency being the most common etiological cause. Early skeletal deformities can occur in infants, such as soft, thin skull bones, a condition known as craniotabes. In adults, as a result of demineralization, the bones become less rigid (soft bone) with pathological fractures. The diagnosis of both diseases is based on the medical history and physical examination, radiological characteristics, and biochemical tests. Management depends on the underlying etiology.
Histopath Salpingo-oophorectomy Cervical Moderate Dysplasia: A Case Report
Authors: Ambule Kalyani , Mahakarkar Manjusha , Thool Bali
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Cervical dysplasia is a term used to describe a condition that is on the verge of becoming malignant where aberrant cell proliferation takes place on the cervix or endocervical canals surface lining. Another name for it is cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) can occur at any age. It has a strong relationship to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection spread through sexual contact.

Case History: A case of 34 year old woman admitted in gynecology unit on date June 3, 2021, a month ago when she started experiencing pain in abdomen. It was insidious in onset, continuous type, not associated with bleeding per vaginal. Patient has previous history of five abortions. Patient underwent investigations like complete blood count, kidney function test, liver function test, radiographic investigations and colposcopy where she was found to have moderate dysplasia and chronic cervicitis. Histopathology report also indicated moderate dysplasia with chronic cervicitis.

Interventions: Primarily, the pain management is necessary for such patients. Later on all further investigations and procedures performed to confirm the diagnosis and treat the patient accordingly. The aim during the treatment is to safeguard the life and further complications.

Outcomes: Over this period of long course treatment, the patient significantly reduced the severity of infection and pain. Improved the daily activities, appetite and sleep. Progress of patient towards her goal of recovering as early as possible.

Discussion: The patients response was quite good to treatment, however additional interventions could be used in the future for her greater improvements in disease.
A Case of Rheumatoid Arthritis Associated with Microcytic Anemia
Authors: Khandar Jaya , Sawarkar Achita , Shambharkar Madhuri , Kasturkar Pooja
Published: October 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common inflammatory arthritides. It is associated with multiple systemic features, including hematological manifestations such as anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. However, immune hemolytic anemia is extremely rare with only 3 reports indexed in medline, and one of them being due to methotrexate toxicity.

Microcytic anemia is a condition in which the body's tissues and organs do not get enough oxygen. This lack of oxygen can happen because the body does not have enough red blood cells, or because the red blood cells do not contain enough hemoglobin, which is a protein that transports oxygen in the blood.

Case Presentation: A 60 year old female a known case of rhematoid arthritis and hypothyrodisam in 2013 for last past 3 years. Who presented to us with history of recurrent anemia . In march 2021, she was admitted to hospital because of palpitations and shortness of breath due to severe anemia. Results of laboratory studies were hemoglobin, 6.9 gm/dl and haptoglobin, less than 29.8mg/dl. A diagnosis of anemia was made on the basis of the laboratory findings She was transfused with 1units packed red blood cells (pRBCs) over less than 6 hours. High-dose PSL (50 mg/day) was started, and the anemia improved. The hemoglobin level increased to 7.0 gm/dl within the 1st week.

Conclusion: The differential diagnosis of various hematological disorders should include rheumatic autoimmune diseases among other causes of blood cell and hemostasis abnormalities. It is crucial that hematologists be aware of Treatment should be administered promptly, with rheumatological consultation.
Ancient Concept of Simulation in Perspective of Ayurveda
Authors: Kiran Tawalare , Sucheta Chavan , Kalpana Tawalare , Sumedh Meshram
Published: October 2021

Ayurveda, the native healthcare system of India, is a rich resource of well-documented ancient medical knowledge. Although the roots of this knowledge date back to the Vedic and post-Vedic eras, it is generally believed that a dedicated branch for healthcare was gradually established approximately between 400 BC and 200 AD.

Objective of this review is to hint at preliminary understanding of ancient concept of simulation and to record the Ayurveda as trailblazer when reviewing the mile stone in the history of simulation. Literature regading simulation were collected through various search engeens like as PubMed, Medline, Google scholar. Classical text of Ayurveda Charak, Sushrut, Vagbhat and Chakrapani, Dalhan commentary were reffered to collect ancient view of simulation. Literature available was analysed critically. It was found that preliminary concept of simulation hinted in Ayurveda as imblaze in establishing the basic concept of simulation.
Water Supply System Description and Risk Assessment in Brikama Water Treatment Plant System, West Coast Region, Gambia: WHO Water Safety Plan Based Approach
Authors: Barrow Amadou , Corr Baboucarr , Mustapha M. , Kuye Rex A. , Sridhar M. K. C.
Published: October 2021

Background: Better water quality, improved sanitation and sound water resource management will improve public health and economic development in low-income countries. Water safety plan-based risk assessment and risk management from catchment to consumers are the modern and efficient approaches to safe drinking water supply established by World Health Organization. Thus, this paper aimed to assess risk from catchment level to consumers in the community of Brikama.

Methods: This study report assessments of risk or hazards from catchment to consumers in Brikama Water Treatment Plant (BWTP), West Coast Region, The Gambia. The various means of data collection used include water quality monitoring, visual field inspection and questionnaire survey to explore data on where the water supply system goes wrong from catchment to consumers, so as to provide an improvement plan.

Results: Overall, the day-to-day administration of services at BWTP was very impressive. The fencing of all the 17 boreholes at catchment sites has drastically reduced the risk of contamination including treatment systems and distribution lines. There are less risks observed and constant monitoring of the system was ensured. However, at the consumer end, there are some risks with poor practices associated with water handling, storage and hygiene measures at the household level. Some still use some unclean 20-liter containers to store water and indiscriminately kept drinking cups on the floor and unclean surfaces, and 50% lacked WASH knowledge related to water treatment, such as boiling and filtration at households. The overall perception of water storage, sanitation and hygiene practices could be rated moderately good.

Conclusion: The overall findings of this study have shown tremendous achievement in the government's commitment to providing potable water to the people in Brikama Local Government Area. WASH education in the study area is recommended to avoid waterborne disease infections.
Violência contra LGBTs no Brasil: premissas históricas da violação no Brasil
Authors: Peixoto Valdenízia Bento
Published: October 2021

A formação sócio-histórica da sociedade brasileira foi erigida por um conjunto de valores morais acerca dos corpos, dos gêneros, das sexualidades e dos comportamentos de indivíduos que foram determinados ao padrão unívoco do que é ser homem e ser mulher. Assim, historicamente, pessoas não heterossexuais foram fortemente invisibilizadas, mortas e consideradas anormais. Atualmente, lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais (LGBTs) ainda são precarizados/as em suas vidas por não corresponderem aos padrões hegemônicos estabelecidos. Este artigo identifica a violência contra LGBTs como histórica e sistêmica, baseado em fatores da hierarquização das identidades de gênero e das orientações sexuais.
A Study to Improve Recognition of Emergency Exits
Authors: Kwon Hyeogsic , Ko Wangyoul
Published: October 2021

Many cases have been reported in which evacuees fail to escape during a fire because they could not identify the emergency exit sign owing to the fire evacuation route being smoke-filled. Although there are a few laws that regulate the equipment that would guide evacuees to an exit, several cases have indicated equipment malfunctioning. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to identify a means for people to easily recognize emergency exits by analyzing cases and regulations. We suggest a few guidelines for the installation of emergency exits in a way that they may be easily recognized. Additionally, we suggest that the following be made compulsory: the installation of emergency exit lines containing light sources in corridors, passages, and stairs; the installation of signs above or exit lights below the exits; and the installation of automatic opening and closing devices onto emergency doors leading to roof doors. In addition, blocking devices and warning signs should be installed on all floors higher than the emergency exits.
Blocking olfactory input alters aggression in male and female California mice (Peromyscus californicus)
Authors: Bester‐Meredith Janet K. , Burns Jennifer N. , Dang Minh N. , Garcia Alexandrea M. , Mammarella Grace E. , Rowe Melissa E. , Spatacean Christine F.
Published: October 2021

Olfactory input into the brain can be disrupted by a variety of environmental factors, including exposure to pathogens or environmental contaminants. Olfactory cues are often eliminated in laboratory rats and mice through highly invasive procedures like olfactory bulbectomy, which may also disrupt accessory olfactory pathways and detection of non‐volatile odors. In the present study, we tested whether inducing anosmia through intranasal infusion of zinc gluconate alters aggression in a monogamous, biparental rodent species, the California mouse (Peromyscus californicus). This less invasive method of manipulating olfaction selectively targets the olfactory epithelium and reduces the detection of volatile odors. Treatment with zinc gluconate extended the time required for male and female California mice to find hidden pieces of apple and reduced the amount of time spent investigating bedding that was soiled by unfamiliar males. Moreover, inhibition of olfaction with zinc gluconate reduced aggressiveness in both sexes as demonstrated by an increased attack latency in the resident‐intruder test among same‐sex dyads from the same treatment group. These results suggest that volatile olfactory cues are necessary for agonistic responses in both male and female California mice. Therefore, even in species with complex social systems that include territorial aggression and monogamy, volatile olfactory cues modulate agonistic behavior.
A Perylene‐Based Conjugated Polymer Endows Perovskite Solar Cells with 85 °C Durability: The Control of Gas Permeation
Authors: Zhang Yuyan , Ren Yutong , Xie Xinrui , Wei Yuefang , He Lifei , Fang Lingyi , Zhang Jing , Yuan Yi , Wang Peng
Published: October 2021

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites in high‐efficiency solar cells are prone to degradation at elevated temperatures, especially in the presence of water moisture. A hole‐transporting conjugated copolymer (abbreviated as p‐NP‐E) characteristic of alternating N‐annulated perylene and 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene backbones, to achieve thermostable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) via controlling gas permeation and thus perovskite decomposition is reported. p‐NP‐E can be conveniently prepared via Pd‐catalyzed direct arylation polycondensation. The air‐doped p‐NP‐E composite film containing nonvolatile 4‐tert‐butylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide presents a higher hole mobility and an improved conductivity in comparison with the control based on the state‐of‐the‐art polymer, p‐TAA, leading to more efficient PSCs. More critically, the p‐NP‐E based hole transport layer is not only morphologically more heat‐resistant, but also features a lower solubility coefficient and diffusion coefficient of both environmental water molecules and gaseous products such as CH3I and CH3NH2 from the thermal decomposition of perovskite, enabling the fabrication of 21.7%‐efficiency, 85 °C durable solar cells.
Antiferromagnetism in Ni‐Based Superconductors
Authors: Zhou Xiaorong , Zhang Xiaowei , Yi Jiabao , Qin Peixin , Feng Zexin , Jiang Peiheng , Zhong Zhicheng , Yan Han , Wang Xiaoning , Chen Hongyu , Wu Haojiang , Zhang Xin , Meng Ziang , Yu Xiaojiang , Breese Mark B. H. , Cao Jiefeng , Wang Jingmin , Jiang Chengbao , Liu Zhiqi
Published: October 2021

Due to the lack of any magnetic order down to 1.7 K in the parent bulk compound NdNiO2, the recently discovered 9–15 K superconductivity in the infinite‐layer Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO2 thin films has provided an exciting playground for unearthing new superconductivity mechanisms. Herein, the successful synthesis of a series of superconducting Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO2 thin films ranging from 8 to 40 nm is reported. The large exchange bias effect is observed between the superconducting Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO2 films and a thin ferromagnetic layer, which suggests the existence of the antiferromagnetic order. Furthermore, the existence of the antiferromagnetic order is evidenced by X‐ray magnetic linear dichroism measurements. These experimental results are fundamentally critical for the current field.