bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water absorption and soil burial degradation of Poly (lactic) acid (PLA)/Oil palm fibres (OPF) composite.
Authors: Hapizi Norsuriati , Mohamed Rahmah
Published: March 2021

: This research investigated the biodegradation of cellulose based PLA with oil palm composites on two sizes of fibre (0.25mm and 1.0mm). Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) was blended with oil palm fibre using twin screw extrusion technique.The use of oil palm can enhance the biodegradability of PLA since it is compostable under soil burial and easier absorb by water before disintegration for a few weeks. PLA was found to be biodegradable but rather slow in compostability unless at high temperature and humidity. In this study,the biodegradation rate was tested using soil burial and water absorption test. The samples were buried in soil and tested in aqueous water for specific duration at different pH. The higher the fibre content of 25%, the higher the weight loss and water absorption through soil burial and water absorption testing respectively . For soil burial testing, tsample PLA OPF 25% higher weight loss of 3.7% were found for sample fiber size 1.0mm as compared to 1.6% (0.25mm). While for water absorption testing, sample has different behaviour at pH 5.5, 7 and 8. The higher the fibre content, the higher water and soil burial weight loss. For bigger fibre sizes of1.0 mm, higher water absorption and mass loss reading were observed.
A statistical study of factors affecting natural biovinegar fermentation from pineapple peel waste
Authors: Selvanathan Yashini , Masngut Nasratun
Published: March 2021

The objective of this work was to screen and evaluate the significant parameter which affected the natural fermentation of pineapple biovinegar. In this work, peel waste from local breed pineapple (Royal Pepina) was fermented naturally to produce an aromatic biovinegar. Full factorial design of Design Expert® was used to develop a random experimental run in which six parameters were screened off. They were the fermentation temperature (27 – 50 °C), fermentation time (5 – 28 days), fermentation condition (anaerobic and aerobic), the addition of glucose (0 – 7 %), the addition of yeast (0 – 0.3 %), and peel waste condition (slurry & juice). Three parameters were identified as significant factors, which were the condition of fermentation, fermentation temperature, and addition of glucose. The ANOVA of the model was statistically significant with R2
of 0.9948. The pineapple biovinegar produced in this work contained 3.18 % reducing sugar, 1.03 % ethanol, 3.03 % acid, 0.61 % acetic acid, 1.43 mg equi. AA/100mL ascorbic acid, pH of 3.16, 4.0 % sucrose, 8.0 °Brix total soluble solid, and 82.06 % DPPH free-radical scavenging activity of antioxidant in biovinegar. This result stood second highest after apple cider biovinegar when compared to commercially available biovinegar.
Effects of different processing parameters on the semisolid microstructure of Al6061 produced by a direct thermal method
Authors: Tajudin M. F. M. , Ahmad A. H. , Rashidi M. M.
Published: March 2021

The effect of different processing parameters consist of pouring temperature and holding time on the semisolid microstructure of Al6061 feedstock billet produced by direct thermal method has been investigated in the present paper. In this experimental works, molten aluminium alloy 6061 was poured into a thin cylindrical copper mould at a constant temperature of 660 °C and held at different holding times of 20 s, 40 s, and 60 s. After it reached the desired holding time, the copper mould was then quenched into room temperature water. The microstructure formation of feedstock billets was characterized after the feedstock billets were taken out from the mould. Results show that, due to the rapid cooling condition of the molten 6061 inside the copper mould, more globular microstructures were obtained. The sample produced with a pouring temperature of 660 °C and holding time of 20 s, globular microstructure were apparent. Simultaneously, the sample with a pouring temperature of 660 °C and a holding time of 20 s produced smaller grain size than the sample with a pouring temperature of 660 °C and a holding time of 40 s and 60 s. Based on the results, the globular microstructures were superior at a shorter holding time, which allowed them to be quenched faster into room temperature water. The results from this experimental works suggest that the DTM feedstock billet globular microstructure formation merely depended on the heat convection of the molten alloy out from the copper mould. The faster heat convection out from the molten alloy which retarded the formation of dendritic microstructure thus transformed it into a globular microstructure for semisolid metal processing.
Extraction of FAME from fish waste by using modified soxhlet method
Authors: Mat Yasin N H , Ahmad N A N , Mohd Hanapi M F
Published: March 2021

The number of fish waste has increased rapidly over the time. Most of discards composed of head, tail and internal organs are considered to be worthless. In this research, fish waste from Pangasius Hypopthalmus (Patin fish) was being used as the raw material to produce fish oil. Therefore, the objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of different ratio solid to solvent (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5), temperature (70, 75, 80, 85 and 90 °C) and mixing time (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours) on production of fish oil and to analyze the amount of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) in the fish oil. Sample preparation was being made by choosing solid fat from internal organ of Patin fish. Modified Soxhlet method was used to extract the fish oil from fish waste and ethanol as the solvent. FAME from extracted fish oil was analyze by using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). The result showed that the highest yield of oil being produced was 59.92 ± 0.926 % at the temperature of 85 °C with 1:2 of ratio solid to solvent and 5 hours of mixing time. Besides, the extracted fish oil for sample 3 contained the highest amount of FAME which is 0.4016 mg/g with majority amount of saturated fatty acid.
Comparison Of Natural Adsorbent For Emulsified Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Najib Razali Mohd , Alhammadi Aseel , Musa Musfafikri , Khairul Nizam Mohd , Ermafiqka Anuar Amira
Published: March 2021

Oil emulsion is often generated from machining industries, such as computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines and palm oil mill effluent (POME). The current study presents the adsorption strategy in treating the waste emulsion from CNC machines and POME using activated carbon, corncob, and rice husk. To evaluate the adsorbent performance, a jar test apparatus was used with the addition of the adsorbents for treating waste emulsion at the mixing rate of 100 rpm, mixing time of 30 min, and room temperature. The collected wastewater samples were characterised and analysed for chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), oil and grease (O&G), and total suspended solids (TSS). Five dosages of activated carbon, corncob, and rice husk were used in the study (i.e., 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt. %) with the control (0 wt. %). The study showed that rice husk and activated carbon managed to reduce pollutants in the emulsified wastewater. Thus, rice husk and activated carbon are suitable for treating industrial waste emulsion.
Inclusion of users’ material experience in sustainable product design: Case study of bio-based food packaging
Authors: Bak S K , Sakundarini N , Chin C M M
Published: March 2021

A user’s feeling plays a significant part in determining the success of a product design. This is because emotionally attractive design can arouse interest from a user and be able to meet his or her expectation during consumption. Nevertheless, it is hard to measure, evaluate and analyse this feeling since there is a discrepancy occurs between different user’s evaluation and lack of feasible process to be carried out. This paper presents a study on bio-based materials characterization based on users’ perception in the context of sustainable design, specifically for food packaging design. The aims of this study are to investigate the relationship of bio-based material’s characteristics and the user’s perception and develop a guideline for designers to integrate affective values into conceptual design and explore its linkage with material selection. The research approach breaks into two stages which are development of survey instrument and computer-based tool. Two surveys were carried out to obtain the affective values and the feelings evoked by the participants when they are presented with visual and tactile stimuli of the materials. Semantic differential scale and one sample t-test were used to perform the evaluation and analysis of the results. Based on the survey, significant affective values for each of bio-based materials can be identified as follow: sugar cane and starch-based materials is perceived as an eco-friendly material. Wood, paper, and palm leaf is perceived as natural material. PLA as elegant material and bamboo as strong material. This study’s quantitative method shows in detail the variation of users’ perception in terms of cognitive and affective and provide a useful proposed guideline that is applicable in any product design which involves with users’ emotional experience.
Engineering properties of irradiated waste polyethylene terephthalate (WPET) modified asphaltic concrete mixtures using the modified dry method
Authors: Usman Aliyu , Santhanasamy Rickey , Sutanto Muslich H , Zoorob Salah E
Published: March 2021

The large quantity of WPET production is causing adverse effects on the environment. A common approach to reusing these wastes is through recycling as aggregates in asphalt concrete (AC) mixes. However, because of the use of regular WPET in AC blends, some discrepancies in the mechanical properties were recorded. One way of dealing with this is to utilize gamma radiation on the WPET. This study mainly concentrates on the irradiation, volumetric, and Marshall parameters. The regular and irradiated WPET utilized in this research were in granules shape retained on BS sieve size 3.35mm, which would substitute natural aggregates of equal size by volume at four different WPET percentages, 0, 1, 3, and 5% by total aggregate weight. This study’s findings showed that aggregate substitution up to 5% enhanced most of the characteristics of the asphalt mixture considered when compared with the control mix. Based on the effect of irradiation on the WPET, it was noticed that mixes containing irradiated WPET showed a better output in terms of the engineering properties than those incorporating regular WPET.
Oil viscosity effects on lubricant oil film behaviour under minimum quantity lubrication
Authors: Zamiruddin N E H , Sani A S A , Rosli N
Published: March 2021

Minimum Quantity Lubrication is a great alternative to flood coolant in many perspective such as economic perspective, safety and health perspective and others. In addition, natural biodegradable oils have been widely used as lubricant oil to meet the environmental-friendly machining environment. The study of lubricant oil fundamental nature during MQL machining is highly important to really identify how the lubricant oil behaviour does affects the lubricating process. Nevertheless, the study is still scarce probably due to the complexity of experimental setup and the natural flow of the lubricant oil cannot be disrupted during the machining operation. To cater this issue, the behaviour of MQL lubricant oil was investigated so a non-intrusive method called as Laser-induced Fluorescence method is applied onto Al6061 workpiece .This research was operated by different oil viscosity represented by different oil type i.e. mixed esters oil, sunflower oil, olive oil and calophyllum inophyllum oil to analyse the lubricant oil film thickness. Overall study showed that, the average of lubricant oil film thickness were significantly decreased as the oil viscosity increased affected by the spreadability of lubricant oil onto the milled surface. At all conditions for oil viscosities, the lubricant oil film showed similar downturn trend due to rise up of built-up edge formation and chips accumulation towards the milling point. Hence, the effects of MQL system parameter on the machining performance has been clarified in details through the observation on the MQL lubricant behaviour.
Thermal and mechanical properties of polyethylene-starch based film incorporated with crude palm oil
Authors: Karim S F A , Jai J , Hamid K H K , Norhisam F N
Published: March 2021

The present study reports the changes in thermal degradation, thermal properties, and mechanical performance of polyethylene (PE) - thermoplastic starch (TPS) based film incorporated with crude palm oil (CPO) as a plasticizer. The films were prepared using the melt-blending and hot-press technique. Then, it was characterized using a Thermogravimetric analyzer, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, and Universal Testing machine to determine the film’s thermal degradation, thermal properties, and mechanical properties. TPS in PE film had reduced the thermal stability; however, CPO gives small changes to it. The amorphous phase of TPS reduced PE film’s crystallinity. Besides, CPO provided a lubricating effect and improved the crystallinity of PE/TPS film. Unfortunately, the tensile strength and elongation at break keep decreased with an increase of CPO content. The thermal decomposition and kinetic analysis using a thermogravimetric analyzer on one film (PE/TPS/CPO) at three different heating rates (7.5, 10.0, and 12.5°C/min)were investigated. Friedman isoconversional model-free method was used to calculate the activation energy of the film. The thermal decomposition of materials in the film increased with the increasing heating rate, and the average computed activation energy obtained was 364.68kj/mol.
Effects of CO2 binary mixtures on pipeline performance for Carbon Capture and Storage
Authors: Daud N K
Published: March 2021

Captured CO2 from the manufacturing industries and power generation sources are not pure and may contain usually some amount of impure components, which affect the flow dynamics of the CO2 in the pipelines. Major component of impurities includes N2, H2, H2S, O2, Ar etc., depending on the capture technology used for the removal of CO2 [1]. To design efficient CO2 pipeline transportation systems, it is imperative to understand the effect of these impure components on the flow behaviour. The simulation of the effect of CO2 binary mixture on pipeline performance is carried out in this study. The steady-state flow in pipeline is described by a set of parabolic mass, momentum and energy conservation equations. To solve the set of equations subject to the boundary and the inlet conditions of the pipeline, the nonlinear algebraic solver library DNSQE in Fortran is used to study the behaviour of 90 vol % CO2, and 10 vol % single impure component (N2, H2, H2S, O2 and Ar). The pertinent fluid properties are calculated using the Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state. The presence of impure components changed the properties of the flowing fluid. From the results, H2 shows the most significant impact on the performance of CO2 pipeline as the highest pressure drop has smaller density and greater flow velocity against other CO2 streams. The results also show that Ar had the mildest effect followed by O2, N2 and CO. In the case of H2S, the flow parameters are found to be nearly identical to those for pure CO2.
Response surface methodology optimization and kinetics study for anthracene adsorption onto MIL-88(Fe) and NH2-MIL-88(Fe) metal-organic frameworks
Authors: Zango Z U , Ramli A , Jumbri K , Sambudi N S , Isiyaka H A , Abu Bakar N H H , Saad B
Published: March 2021

The experimental adsorption of Anthracene (ANT), a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) was optimized using central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). MIL-88(Fe) and NH2-MIL-88(Fe) Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were employed as the potential adsorbents. The model was described as the significant according to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the statistical fittings of R2 (0.991 and 0.992), and adequate precision (43.55 and 47.82) with the lack of fit F-values (2.15 and 1.59) for the MIL-88(Fe) and NH2-MIL-88(Fe) respectively. The highest adsorption efficiency achieved were 99.55 and 95.67% for the MIL-88(Fe) and NH2-MIL-88(Fe) respectively based on the RSM optimized conditions. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model has been described as the best mechanism for the adsorption process.
Effect of Molding Cure Time on High Density Quad-Flat-No Lead Sawn Package
Authors: Jalal S N S , Ansari M N M , Atiqah A
Published: March 2021

Quad Flat No Lead (QFN) is part of an integrated circuit (IC) products that required wire bonding and molding as part of its packaging process. There are many types of QFN packages thickness available in the market and 0.75 mm thickness is one of the highest in demand. The wireless (WLSS) QFN package was used in this research for the mobility of electronics devices especially for wireless technology such as mobile phone and laptop. The objective of this paper is to study the effect of molding cure time at 100 and 130 s of WLSS QFN package. Besides, two variations of package size of 2.5 mm x 2.5 mm and 7.0 mm x 7.0 mm were undergoing each process in QFN packaging stages to adhere to the real manufacturing environment. For characterization, 4 types of QFN package were examined for its moldability through C-CSAM, reliability and electrical test were also carried out according to the Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC) requirements. From the result, it was found that the optimum molding cure time is 100 s is suitable for molding the WLSS QFN package. This new curing temperature can be can increase productivity for about 8% for QFN packaging.
Slow pyrolysis of Durio zibethinus rind and the influence of carbonization temperature on biochar properties
Authors: Selvarajoo A
Published: March 2021

Due to rapid development in some countries that puts increasing urgency on the global community to replace non-renewable resources, Interest in harnessing energy from other sources like biomass has grown immensely in recent years. Biomass can be converted to energy through thermo-chemical and biological conversion routes. Pyrolysis is one the thermo-chemical methods to transform biomass into useable fuels. Pyrolysis conducted without the presence of oxygen at high temperatures results in the production of biochar, bio-oil and gases. The aim of this work was to perform pyrolysis experiments for durian rinds with the emphasis on the characterization of the rinds and their biochars. The pyrolysis of durian rinds was performed in a horizontal tubular reactor at temperatures ranging from 300 to 700 °C. The effects of temperature together with holding time on the yield of biochar and heating value were investigated. It was found that the pyrolysis operating temperature had a significant effect on the yield of biochar, heating value and elemental composition of the biochar. Increment of pyrolysis temperature from 300 to 700 °C, showed a decrease in the total biochar yield, while the heating value increased. The optimum temperature was found at 325 °C with a holding time of two hours. The biochar yield obtained at optimum temperature was 40.8 %wt with a heating value of 28.7 MJ/kg. In conclusion, the results from the pyrolysis showed the durian rinds has potential to be converted into solid biofuel that can be used for energy application.
Modelling the interfacial damage of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite laminate under the low-velocity impact loading
Authors: Meon M S , Saedon J B , Shawal S , Husain H , Othman M F , Rao M N , Schröder K-U
Published: March 2021

This paper presents the performance of three-dimensional Puck failure criteria emphasising on the gradual degradation law to predict the structural responses, as well as the onset and propagation of failure due to different interface modelling technique. The proposed damage model is performed using Abaqus explicit analysis. Four different cohesive models are analysed using three-dimensional finite element model based on low-velocity impact loading. The structural responses are compared with experimental data taken from literature to measure the performance of such damage model. It is found out that the model adopted here responses well with test curves and demonstrates the high capability of predicting the damage in the direction of in-plane as well as out-of-plane in a composite laminate. The simplified model using combination of tie-cohesive layer technique demonstrated the balance performance between the quality of the result as well as calculation time.
Experimental investigation of stability and thermal properties of nanocellulose-water nanofluid
Authors: Harun M A , Sidik N A C , Rohaizan M A M
Published: March 2021

Nanocellulose defines as cellulosic materials in the nanometer range with at least one dimension. Nanocellulose is classified into three classes which are bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), and cellulose nanocrystalline (CNC). Nanofluids had been widely been used in heat transfer applications because nanofluids are proven to have better thermal conductivity and enhance heat transfer performance compared with base fluid. However, liquid with suspended particles tends to destabilize, and sediments. Therefore, this study will uncover the effect of surfactant on the nanocellulose and its thermophysical properties. CNC with 0.1vol%, 0.5vol%, 0.9vol%, and 1.3vol% and Triton X-100 were used in this experiment. From the sedimentation observation after two weeks, there were no obvious agglomeration and sedimentation of CNC in the samples with surfactant compare with no surfactant. Furthermore, UV–vis spectroscopy analysis showed that samples with Triton X-100 have lower absorbance drop compare with no surfactant. This was due to the steric stabilization achieve for samples using Triton X-100. For thermal conductivity analysis, The highest reading of thermal conductivity was 1.224W/m.K for 0.5vol% at 40°C. Furthermore, the effective thermal conductivity achieves for 0.5vol% at 40°C was 1.301 compared with distilled water.
Treatment of amine wastes generated in industrial processes.
Authors: Salim S. R. S.
Published: March 2021

Amines such as monoethanolamines (MEA), ethanolamines (EA), diethanolamines (DEA), and N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) are widely used in post combustion CO2 capture process (CCP) at natural gas conditioning plants to remove acid gas impurities. These amines have significant impact to the environment and human health. Therefore, amine wastes generated from CCP must be treated before they are exposed to the environment. This paper reviews some of the available methods to treat amines such as using physical treatments (filters, increase in temperature, polymerization), chemical treatments (SOX and NOX in the flue gas, fly ash, acid solvents), and biological treatments (aerobic degradation and anaerobic degradation by microbacteria, nitrate respiration).
Extraction of Xylose from Rice Straw and Lemongrass Leaf via Microwave Assisted
Authors: Norazlina I , Dhinashini R S , Nurhafizah I , Norakma M N , Noor Fazreen D
Published: March 2021

In recent years, agricultural wastes cause serious pollution to the environment. Agricultural residues can be used to produce value-added products in order to control environmental pollution, therefore these wastes are a promising feedstock as it has many advantages such as wide range of source, low cost and renewable. Rice straw and lemongrass leaves which are the renewable sources for the production of many useful products such as xylose. The aim of this study is to compare the content of xylose produced from rice straw and lemongrass leaves, in order to obtain highest yield of xylose and to optimize the acid hydrolysis time, concentration of sulphuric acid, liquid-solid ratio and the power of the microwave towards the maximum extraction of xylose. Microwave assisted acidic hydrolysis method was used to extract xylose from rice straw and lemongrass leaves. The acid hydrolysis of both rice straw and lemongrass was performed at different time (1-5 minutes), acid concentration (1%-5%), liquid solid ratio (1:30, 2:30, 3:30, 4:30 and 5:30) and power (160W, 320W, 480W, 640W, 800W). The results obtained indicate that the yield of xylose from rice straw (2.98g/L) via the microwave assisted is slightly higher than lemongrass (2.91 g/L) with optimum conditions of 3 minutes of hydrolysis time, 2% of sulphuric acid concentration, 1:30 of liquid solid ratio and 320W of microwave power. Meanwhile, the optimum conditions for lemongrass leaves are 4 minutes of hydrolysis time, 4% of sulphuric acid concentration, 2:30 of liquid solid ratio and 480W of microwave power. Thus, rice straw has slightly higher capability in production of xylose compared to lemongrass.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutant using Visible Active - Boron Doped Photocatalyst
Authors: Bin Arifin Md Noor , Tarek Mostafa , Khan Maksudur
Published: March 2021

Boron-doped TiO2 (B-TiO2) nanocatalysts were prepared by the sol-gel method, characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and diffusive reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy (DRS). XRD results exhibited that the doping of boron element could potentially inhibit the growth of grain and promote the formation of anatase phase and diboron trioxide phase. The photocatalytic activity of the B-TiO2 nanophotocatalyst was evaluated by the degradation test on one of the most widely used organic dyes, methylene blue (MB). The result indicated the doped B-TiO2, with 0.25g/L catalyst loading, were more active than the undoped TiO2 in breaking down the MB. The maximum conversion of MB by the doped TiO2 was 80.60%, approximately 14% higher than the pristine TiO2. The as-synthesized B-TiO2 was calcined at 450°C demonstrated higher photocatalytic activity than undoped TiO2 after 240mins of visible light illumination.
Load-Strain Behaviour of Shredded Waste Paper Reinforced Concrete Beam
Authors: Solahuddin B. A. , Yahaya F. M.
Published: March 2021

Cement, sand, coarse aggregate, water and reinforcing bar are the materials to make a reinforced concrete beam. The waste paper has been dumped as waste and causes environmental pollution behind mill or landfill. The industry paper wastage for every year is increasing gradually. More spaces are being needed for landfills, uses energy loss of natural resources and increase of expenditure and various types of pollutions. Utilizing waste paper as an addition in concrete and reinforced concrete beam productions will reduce environmental pollutions. This research investigates the load-strain behaviour of reinforced concrete beam containing shredded waste paper using 10% copier and 10% cardboard waste paper as additions in the concrete mixture to the concrete shear strain and concrete bending strain of reinforced concrete beam. There are three types of beam shear reinforcements with stirrup spacing (SS)=100 mm, 150 mm, and 200 mm. All specimens are subjected to air curing at 28 days. The result of concrete bending and shear strains are higher by 10% shredded copier waste paper (SCPWP) and 10% shredded cardboard waste paper (SCBWP) with reducing shear reinforcements (SS=200 mm) and (SS=150 mm) compared to full shear reinforcement (SS=100 mm). This research shows that 10% SCPWP and 10% SCBWP improves the concrete bending and shear strains with reducing reinforcements. Furthermore, the results also show that 10% SCBWP has higher concrete bending and shear strains than 10% SCPWP for full and reduce shear reinforcements. This study indicates that shredded copier and cardboard waste paper can be used as additional materials in reinforced concrete beam production.
Accounting and Smart System: Functional Evaluation of ISO/IEC 25010:2011 Quality Model (a Case Study)
Authors: Panduwiyasa H , Saputra M , Azzahra Z F , Aniko A R
Published: March 2021

Agile, flexible, and adaptable are important elements in the era of industrial 4.0, and vastly become new objectives by all entrepreneurs in developing their business information systems. As the most productive market in the global economy, Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) plays a vital role in developing countries. An ideal SME must have a standardized in the planning system and have an optimal quality of data model to run the business process and its operation. In the accounting system, all transaction data must be integrated to become a source of data for further processes such as recording sales or purchases, financial reporting, and generating invoices. The absence of technology and automated system in the accounting processes of SMEs, frequently waste both time, assets, and resources to be finished. Open-source ERP system implementation is often to be the initial step for SMEs to create a smart system that automating the business processes and operation’s needs. However, accurate parameters are needed to achieve an optimal system and data quality. The objective of this study is to evaluate the functional suitability level of smart ERP in the SME sector based on ISO 25010: 2011 standardization, and to produce good quality systems, as a result of the success of smart ERP systems implementation in automating business processes and integrating data across departments.
Bio-kinetics of organic removal in EAAS reactor for co-treatment of refinery wastewater with municipal wastewater.
Authors: Noor A , Kutty S R M , Baloo L , Almahbashi N M Y , Kumar Vicky , Ghaleb A A S
Published: March 2021

The refinery wastewater (RWW) is very complex in nature, which need energy intense treatment. Thus, it is difficult for developing countries to manage the treatment of RWW. The feasible option to tackle the problem is co-treatment with municipal wastewater (MWW). In the present study, co-treatment of RWW (0, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80) % with MWW was investigated in a bench scale extended aeration activated sludge (EAAS) reactor. The result indicate that the maximum organic removal was achieved at 20% RWW, which was 91.84%. However, first order substrate removal model and Stover-Kincannon model achieve the coefficient of correlation value of 99.17% and 99.14% respectively, which clearly indicate that these models can be implemented to predict the performance of reactor. Furthermore, designing of the EAAS treatment plant can be conducted for co-treatment of RWW with MWW.
Kinetic Study of Ammonia Removal using Activated Rice Husk
Authors: Chan M K , Yeow A T Z
Published: March 2021

Ammonia pollution causes eutrophication and algal bloom, which eventually disrupts the marine ecosystem’s equilibrium. Efforts have been made to either recover or remove ammoniacal nitrogen from water resources. Electrochemical, precipitation, adsorption, biological and membrane technology have been developed with varying degrees of complexity and arrangement to overcome this problem. To date, adsorption is widely used to remedy water resources as it is cost and energy effective while being simple to operate and maintain. Adsorption kinetic models are important in evaluating the performance of adsorbent and reveals the adsorption mass transfer mechanism. Nevertheless, the kinetic studies reported in the literature was not complete as only a few models were considered. Meanwhile, the statistical parameter to validate the model was commonly depended on R2 value alone. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive kinetic study of ammonia adsorption using activated rice husk, to the readers by investigating the validity of 9 kinetic models in fitting the experimental data. All the models are validated by using R2, R2, residual sum of square (SSE) and (mean square error) MSE. Result showed > 0.99 R2 values and low R2, SSE, MSE were found for Mixed order, Ritchie’s and Elovich models. This indicates that the ammonia adsorption process was governed by the adsorption at the active sites of the adsorbent and it was mainly driven by the chemisorption.
Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Quality of Products of The Process of Extracting Codonopsis javanica Extract at Pilot Scale
Authors: Nhut Pham Tri , Quy Nguyen Ngoc , Phung Phan Minh , Tu Nguyen Thanh , Thanh Le Van , Thi Minh Phuong Than
Published: March 2021

The Codonopsis javanica, also known as “Đảng sâm” in Vietnamese, is a medicinal plant of high economic value. In this study, we further extended the previously reported process to produce C. javanica root extract by examining the concentrating stage to produce dried extract. Afterwards, effects of storage conditions on were evaluated and the pilot scale extraction process was compared with the lab-scale process. These processes were investigated with respect to different extract quality parameters including total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity. Best conditions for the concentration process included time of 120 minutes, temperature of 60°C. The efficiency of extracting C. javanica extract at pilot scale shows a difference of about 20% and this dried extract will retain the best quality when stored at 5°.
Studies on chemical, polyphenol content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of sweet basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Authors: Nguyen V T , Nguyen N Q , Thi N Q N , Thi C Q N , Truc T T , Nghi P T B
Published: March 2021

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is commonly used as an attractive flavor in Vietnamese cuisine and a valuable remedy in traditional medicine. The purpose of this study is to analyze the phytochemical profile, as well as to calculate the content of polyphenols and flavonoids and antioxidant activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts from sweet basil leaves. The findings revealed that the leaves of sweet basil contained a wide range of pharmacologically active substances, such as alkaloids, coumarins, tannins, flavonoids, sugars, phenols, terpenoids and saponins. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of ethanolic extract achieved 29.60 ± 1.64 mg GAE/g and 19.58 ± 0.93 mg QE/g, respectively. Furthermore, ethanolic extract displayed good antioxidant activities as shown in DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging methods, represented by IC50 of 91.31±4.28 µg/mL and 85.17 ±3.91µg/mL, respectively. These findings have shown that this plant is a potential source of natural antioxidants.
RETRACTED: Urban Sound Classification Using Convolutional Neural Network Model
Authors: Garg Srishti , Sehga Tanishq , Jain Aakriti , Garg Yash , Nagrath Preeti , Jain Rachna
Published: March 2021

The programmed content-based order of urban sound classes is a significant part of different developing methods and applications, for example, observation, urban soundscape comprehension and commotion source distinguishing proof, along these lines the exploration subject has increased a great deal of consideration lately. The objective of this paper is to create a proficient AI based plan for urban sound classification. Ongoing fruitful utilizations of convolutional neural systems (CNNs) to sound order and discourse acknowledgment have spurred the quest for better information portrayals for progressively proficient preparation. Visual presentations of a sound signal, through different time-recurrence portrayals, for example, spectrograms offer a very good representation of the worldly picture of the original signal. Utilizing a spectrogram picture of the sound and afterward changing over the equivalent to information focuses (As is accomplished for pictures). This is effortlessly done utilizing mel_spectogram a function of Librosa. At the approval stage, we lead tests on Urban Sound 8K database which comprises 10 classes of urban sound happenings with 8732 real-world sound clips. As a result, we see how convolutional neural network (CNN) frameworks with raw sound waveforms improve the exactness in urban sound classification and clearly shows the structure concerning the number of parameters.
Sentiment Analysis, Tweet Analysis and Visualization on Big Data Using Apache Spark and Hadoop
Authors: Shetty Sujala D
Published: March 2021

Big Data lets companies generate new growth opportunities and whole new types of industries that can continually change and mushroom data from the market that can merge and evaluate. In today’s world, Apache Spark and Hadoop are the most popular and effective tools used to conduct big data analysis. This paper aims to perform two types of analysis-Sentiment Analysis of tweets and Tweet Analysis. For conducting sentiment analysis, we used a dataset created by Stanford University which contains 4 fields – ID of the tweet, Sentiment of the tweet, Sentiment Source and the Tweet itself. Two machine learning algorithms performance are compared these are Logistic Regression and Random Forest Classifier and observe which algorithm provides better accuracy and why. A data visualization tool -Tableau is used to view the sentiments of tweets by filtering the text of tweets by words and hashtags. For tweet analysis, we use Python and a library called Tweepy to download tweets from the Twitter API and perform analysis using another data visualization tool called Power BI. We conduct analysis on the basis of three parameters – user followers count, retweet count and favourite count. Finally, we draw a comparison on the performance and user-friendly nature of both data visualization tools – Power BI and Tableau.
Applications of Flying Ad-hoc Network During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Devi Manisha , Maakar Sunil Kumar , Sinwar Deepak , Jangid Mahesh , Sangwan Poonam
Published: March 2021

The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), with a beginning stage in Wuhan (China), has spread quickly among people living in different nations and has affected more than 6 million lives. Researchers around the globe are trying to device a solution in the form of the vaccine but unfortunately, till date, there is no full-proof vaccine for 2019-nCoV. Most of the countries are adopting prolonged lockdown and social distancing strategies to counter this pandemic. Flying Ad-hoc Network (FANET) on the other hand, can provide several services such as the delivery of essential items, disinfecting common areas, surveillance, traffic monitoring, communication, temperature monitoring, etc. Availing such services using FANETs during Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak is like a boon that can minimize the general problems of mankind to some extent during lockdowns. Nowadays, it is foremost required to deploy solutions that can automate the process of availing several services using FANETs and the same is attracting researchers in great demand. This paper has presented a brief survey of several applications of FANETs (especially UAVs and Drones) that can facilitate mankind in coping with the general problems during COVDI-19 outbreak and subsequent lockdowns. We hope that this survey has covered most of the applications of UAVs and can provide new insights into the research community.
Computing and Analysis of Multi Server Queueing Model Using Pentagonal Fuzzy Numbers
Authors: Jain Mridula , Jain Anamika
Published: March 2021

In the present study, analysed the multiple server queue miniature using Pentagonal Fuzzy number. To cope with a real-world scenario, the input parameters are converted from crisp to fuzzy type by taking into account. The system parameters, rate of arrival and rate of service are taken fuzzy. The system characteristics like expected number of clients waiting in queue and expected number of clients waiting in system are calculated using DSW algorithm and using alpha-cut at various levels, in interval [0,1]. Using pentagonal number arithmetic, the performance measures are calculated directly as PFNs. Different numerical examples with arrival rate and service rate as PFN are demonstrated to show the authenticity implementation of the performance measures. Finally effect of different parameters are shown for validation purpose.
An Analytical Approach to Predict Employability Status of Students
Authors: Saini Bhavna , Mahajan Ginika , Sharma Harish , Ziniya
Published: March 2021

One of the major concerns of the students after graduation is the job opportunities offered to them. Not only students, but also the universities are inclined towards maximizing the job offers for their students through campus recruitment drives. Against this background, the scope of this study is to gauge the performance of top four known classification techniques of data mining, which are, Decision tree, Random forest, Naive Bayes & KNN. These machine learning algorithms are applied on students’ data, collected from the university database of Manipal University Jaipur and student models are created which will predict the employability status of students in future and discover factors which will significantly contribute to their employability. After applying and studying the ac- curacies of these algorithms, we have found that Random forest behaves better than the rest of the algorithms with 89% accuracy.
Performance Study of Snort and Suricata for Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Sharma Neha V , Kavita  , Aggarwal Gaurav , Sharma Saurabh
Published: March 2021

As of late, move to multitasking processors and thus applications using multithreaded structure has increased in an abrupt manner. There is a constant thought of using Network Intrusion Detection and Anticipation Systems (NIDPS) for multithreading. Suricata is an open source NIDPS that works on multithreading and is created by means of the (OISF) Open Information Security Forum. The paper depicts an analysis, including a progression of inventive tests to set up regardless of whether Suricata shows an expansion in precision and framework execution over the true norm, single strung Snort. Conclusions demonstrate that Snort has a lesser framework overhead than Suricata and this deciphers to less bogus rejections using a solitary center, focused condition. Be that as it may, Suricata is demonstrated to have more precision in conditions where many centers are accessible. Suricata is demonstrated to be adaptable through expanded execution when running on four centers; be that as it may, in any event, when working on four centers its capacity to process a 2Mb PCAP record is still not as much as Snort. With respect to this, no advantage is there to using multi-centers when working with a solitary condition of Snort.
A Review on Energy-Efficient Mechanisms for Cluster-Head Selection in WSNs for IoT Application
Authors: Goyal Ankur , Mudgal Shivam , Kumar Sandeep
Published: March 2021

Internet of things (IoT) incorporates sensing, connectivity, networking, or cloud computing technology into a wide variety of control fields. The wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are better placed for IoT applications. Developing an energy-efficient (EE) cluster head (CH) system is of great importance to enhance the network life of WSNs. WSNs are now becoming an emerging research field through technological growth. Sensors are integrated to gather the data from which this is known in a collective of clusters. CH maintains a process of transmission that requires high energy. This review paper discusses various techniques, advantages, disadvantages, objectives, and different methods for EE clustering techniques in WSN on IoT-related research. This study is beneficial to identify the problems associated with EE-CHS in WSN and how to resolve it.
A Framework for Multi-Sensor Data fusion in the Context of IoT Smart City Parking Data
Authors: Saxena Monika , Vyas Vaibhav , Jha C.K.
Published: March 2021

Now a day, things are communicating using the Internet, In the context of a smart city all things are interconnected and they are transferring the data to each other. Smart city subapplications like parking, pollution, traffic, transportation are some examples. By using the internet, we can combine with communication, the big challenge in a multi-sensory environment to fetch meaning full data from sensors. There are many of the methods are used to analyse and mine IoT data like classification, clustering, association rule, and regression, etc. The data is collected on the Internet of Things (IoT) from heterogeneous sources in different formats. Data Fusion is a method to operate on fused data that are collected from different sources. In the case of IoT, the concept of distributed data fusion work well. One of the popular IoT applications is Smart City, where we can collect data and analysis them according to need. In this research paper, the researcher introduced the new framework of data fusion where the data is collected from a different type of smart city sub-application. and framework deployment is done by parking data set of smart cities.
Machine Learning Based Risk Assessment and Early Diagnostic Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Associated Arthropathy
Authors: Verma A , Rathi B , Sharda S
Published: March 2021

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a persistent idiopathic disorder responsible for intestinal inflammatory conditions. IBD exhibits several extraintestinal manifestations, the most common being arthropathy, that are important triggers and risk factors for adverse progression of the disease. Due to a lack of definite diagnostic criteria and treatment regime, a need arises for early diagnosis and management of IBD associated arthropathy to reduce its morbidity. The present study utilizes a machine learning approach for development and validation of a risk prediction and early diagnostic disease model for IBD associated arthropathy. A publically available IBD cases vs control dataset from University of Massachusetts Medical School’s institutional repository was taken and the data was filtered into 54 IBD individuals along with their demographic and clinical characteristics. The arthropathy characteristics were incorporated from literature in the IBD dataset. Data was randomly split into training (50%; n=27) and testing (50%; n=27) for development and validation of model using logistic regression. Out of 54 IBD cases, 21 had a higher risk of developing arthropathy. The area under the receiver operator curve for the validated model was 0.90 (95% CI 0.80–0.99; accuracy 96%). This disease model can aid in identification of high-risk individuals and for early diagnosis of arthropathy in IBD cases before reaching the imaging and invasive diagnostic stage. This model warrants for prospective case-control trials validation.
Analysis of Exertion with Relative Grading Mechanism in Academics Using Computational Technique
Authors: Dasari Nagaraju , Parihar Mahendra , Shaik Mohiddin Shaw
Published: March 2021

Evaluation process is an integral part of academic system in order to monitor the performance of students from many perspectives. Since, recent past lots of methodological changes has been taken places in evaluation process from traditional one. Many experts from concerned domain claims the superiority of one method over other but still dilemma continue with reference to optimum or appropriate method. In this connection even very recently being used to a maximum extent in Indian context too is the “Grade Method”. However, even “Grade Method” is also not completely free from certain controversies. That is, though grades were initially meant to serve various pedagogical purposes, grading systems remain controversial and hotly debated when those doesn’t give recompensing results. Some argued that grades are psychologically harmful. Thus, given certain limitations of existing methods in some respect, the current study has been undertaken in order to address few issues associated with minimum passing grade and cut-off mark for highest grade - resulting out of relative grading, Therefore, in this article, through mathematical computation we propose acceptable ranges for the parameters mean and standard deviation-respectively to have appropriate mechanism and hence can make evaluation process more effective and applicable in various conditions.