bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reciprocal regulation of mTORC1 signaling and ribosomal biosynthesis determines cell cycle progression in activated T cells
Authors: Rosenlehner Teresa , Pennavaria Stefanie , Akçabozan Batuhan , Jahani Shiva , O'Neill Thomas J. , Krappmann Daniel , Straub Tobias , Kranich Jan , Obst Reinhard
Published: October 2024

Ribosomal biosynthesis in nucleoli is an energy-demanding process driven by all RNA polymerases and hundreds of auxiliary proteins. We investigated how this process is regulated in activated T lymphocytes by T cell receptor (TCR) signals and the multiprotein complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2, both of which contain the kinase mTOR. Deficiency in mTORC1 slowed the proliferation of T cells, with further delays in each consecutive division, an effect not seen with deficiency in mTORC2. mTORC1 signaling was stimulated by components of conventional TCR signaling, and, reciprocally, TCR sensitivity was decreased by mTORC1 inhibition. The substantial increase in the amount of RNA per cell induced by TCR activation was reduced by 50% by deficiency in mTORC1, but not in mTORC2 or in S6 kinases 1 and 2, which are activated downstream of mTORC1. RNA-seq data showed that mTORC1 deficiency reduced the abundance of all RNA biotypes, although rRNA processing was largely intact in activated T cells. Imaging cytometry with FISH probes for nascent pre-rRNA revealed that deletion of mTORC1, but not that of mTORC2, reduced the number and expansion of nucleolar sites of active transcription. Protein translation was consequently decreased by 50% in the absence of mTORC1. Inhibiting RNA polymerase I blocked not only proliferation but also mTORC1 signaling. Our data show that TCR signaling, mTORC1 activity, and ribosomal biosynthesis in the nucleolus regulate each other during biomass production in clonally expanding T cells.
Toxoplasma gondii
infection induces the expression of the chemokine CXCL16 in macrophages to promote chemoattraction of CXCR6
+
cells
Authors: Leroux Louis-Philippe , Chaparro Visnu , Plouffe Alexandra , Johnston Brent , Jaramillo Maritza
Published: October 2024

CXCL16 is a multifaceted chemokine expressed by macrophages and other immune cells in response to viral and bacterial pathogens. However, few studies have investigated its role in parasitic infections. The obligate intracellular parasite
Toxoplasma gondii
(
T. gondii
) is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, an infection with potentially deleterious consequences in immunocompromised individuals and the developing fetus of acutely infected pregnant women. Chemokines are critical mediators of host defense and, as such, dysregulation of their expression is a subversion strategy often employed by the parasite to ensure its survival. Herein, we report that types I and II
T. gondii
strains upregulated the expression of both transmembrane and soluble forms of CXCL16 in infected bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). Exposure to soluble
T. gondii
antigens (STAg) and to excreted–secreted proteins (TgESP) led to the induction of CXCL16.
Cxcl16
mRNA abundance and CXCL16 protein levels increased in a time-dependent manner upon
T. gondii
infection. Importantly, conditioned medium (CM) collected from
T. gondii
-infected wild-type (WT) macrophage cultures promoted the migration of RAW264.7 cells expressing CXCR6, the cognate receptor of CXCL16, an effect that was significantly reduced by a neutralizing anti-CXCL16 antibody or use of CM from CXCL16 knockout (KO) macrophages. Lastly,
T. gondii
-driven CXCL16 expression appeared to modulate cytokine-induced (IL-4 + IL-13) alternative macrophage activation and M2 phenotypic marker expression. Further investigation is required to determine whether this chemokine contributes to the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Complete genome sequence of
Thiomicrospira
sp. strain V2501 isolated from 250 m below the ground level in Horonobe, Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Ueno Akio , Sato Kiyoshi , Tamamura Shuji , Murakami Takuma , Inomata Hidenori , Tamazawa Satoshi , Amano Yuki , Miyakawa Kazuya , Naganuma Takeshi , Igarashi Toshifumi
Published: October 2024

A thiosulfate-oxidizing bacterium,
Thiomicrospira
sp. strain V2501, was isolated from groundwater collected in a terrestrial deep subsurface environment. This strain was capable of chemolithoautotrophic growth on CO
2
and thiosulfate. Here, we report the 2,240,851 bp complete genome sequence of strain V2501.
Complete genome sequence of
Sagittula stellata
strain E-37 reveals a plasmid-encoded type six secretion system
Authors: Santos Mary Nia M. , Salazar John Raymond B. , Gloria Paul Christian T. , Septer Alecia N.
Published: October 2024

We announce the complete genome sequence of
Sagittula stellata
strain E-37. The hybrid assembly of long and short reads revealed one chromosome and four plasmids. Furthermore, the genome analysis showed that the plasmid-encoded type six secretion system is linked to plasmid replication genes that may be common to Roseobacters.
A complete genome sequence of
Pseudomonas amygdali
pathovar
lachrymans
YM7902
Authors: Sweten Audrey , Baltrus David
Published: October 2024

Pseudomonas amygdali
pathovar
lachrymans
YM7902 was originally isolated as a pathogen of cucumber in Japan. Here, we report a nearly complete genome sequence for this strain, assembled using a hybrid approach combining Illumina paired-end reads and longer reads sequenced using technology from Oxford Nanopore.
Functional analysis of cyclic diguanylate-modulating proteins in
Vibrio fischeri
Authors: Isenberg Ruth Y. , Holschbach Chandler S. , Gao Jing , Mandel Mark J.
Published: October 2024

As bacterial symbionts transition from a motile free-living state to a sessile biofilm state, they must coordinate behavior changes suitable to each lifestyle. Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) is an intracellular signaling molecule that can regulate this transition, and it is synthesized by diguanylate cyclase (DGC) enzymes and degraded by phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes. Generally, c-di-GMP inhibits motility and promotes biofilm formation. While c-di-GMP and the enzymes that contribute to its metabolism have been well studied in pathogens, considerably less focus has been placed on c-di-GMP regulation in beneficial symbionts.
Vibrio fischeri
is the sole beneficial symbiont of the Hawaiian bobtail squid (
Euprymna scolopes
) light organ, and the bacterium requires both motility and biofilm formation to efficiently colonize. c-di-GMP regulates swimming motility and cellulose exopolysaccharide production in
V. fischeri
. The genome encodes 50 DGCs and PDEs, and while a few of these proteins have been characterized, the majority have not undergone comprehensive characterization. In this study, we use protein overexpression to systematically characterize the functional potential of all 50
V
.
fischeri
proteins. All 28 predicted DGCs and 10 of the 14 predicted PDEs displayed at least one phenotype consistent with their predicted function, and a majority of each displayed multiple phenotypes. Finally, active site mutant analysis of proteins with the potential for both DGC and PDE activities revealed potential activities for these proteins. This work presents a systems-level functional analysis of a family of signaling proteins in a tractable animal symbiont and will inform future efforts to characterize the roles of individual proteins during lifestyle transitions.

IMPORTANCE

Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) is a critical second messenger that mediates bacterial behaviors, and
Vibrio fischeri
colonization of its Hawaiian bobtail squid host presents a tractable model in which to interrogate the role of c-di-GMP during animal colonization. This work provides systems-level characterization of the 50 proteins predicted to modulate c-di-GMP levels. By combining multiple assays, we generated a rich understanding of which proteins have the capacity to influence c-di-GMP levels and behaviors. Our functional approach yielded insights into how proteins with domains to both synthesize and degrade c-di-GMP may impact bacterial behaviors. Finally, we integrated published data to provide a broader picture of each of the 50 proteins analyzed. This study will inform future work to define specific pathways by which c-di-GMP regulates symbiotic behaviors and transitions.
Supplemental Material: Petrogenetic relationship of the variably Ni–Cu–platinum-group element (PGE)-mineralized intrusions of the Thunder Bay North Intrusive Complex, Midcontinent Rift, Canada: Implications for mineral exploration in mafic–ultramafic complexes
Authors: Brzozowski Matthew J. , al. et
Published: October 2024

Text S1: Analytical methods and assessment of mineral fractionation on lambda values. Figure S1: Downhole variation diagram through the Southeast Anomaly illustrating the variation in MgO, Al2O3, TiO2, and Cr (from Brzozowski et al., 2023a), plus images of representative samples of mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Current intrusion. Figure S2: Chondrite-normalized REE profiles for the mafic–ultramafic rocks of the TBNIC and the country rocks. Figure S3: Binary diagrams illustrating the variations in εNdt and 87Sr/86Sri as a function of Th/La for the mafic–ultramafic rocks of the TBNIC and a metasedimentary country rock sample. Figure S4: Binary diagrams illustrating the variations in λ1–λ2 of the mafic–ultramafic rocks of the TBNIC with MgO and λ0. Table S1: Bulk-rock geochemical data (raw) of mafic–ultramafic rocks of the TBNIC and associated country rocks. 
Maintaining non-communicable disease (NCD) services during the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons from Thailand
Authors: Coates Melanie , Cheh Paul Li Jen , Suenghataiphorn Thanathip , Laohavinij Wasin , Pholpark Aungsumalee , Ritthisirikul Natchaya , Khositchaiwat Sirithorn , Hanvoravongchai Piya
Published: October 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic presented a significant challenge to health systems worldwide, requiring resources to be directed to the pandemic response while also maintaining essential health services. Those with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19, and interrupted care resulting from the pandemic has the potential to worsen morbidity and mortality.

We used narrative literature review and key informant interviews between August 2021 and June 2022 to identify how NCD services were impacted during the pandemic and which good practices helped support uninterrupted care.

On the background of an existing strong healthcare system, Thailand exhibited strong central coordination of the response, minimised funding interruptions and leveraged existing infrastructure to make efficient use of limited resources, such as through mobilising healthcare workforce. A key intervention has been redesigning NCD systems such as through the ‘New Normal Medical Services’ initiative. This has promoted digital innovations, including remote self-monitoring, patient risk stratification and alternative medication dispensing. Emphasis has been placed on multidisciplinary, patient-centred and community-centred care.

NCD service utilisation has been disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, newly adapted efforts on top of existing robust systems have been critical to mitigating disruptions. Yet challenges remain, including ensuring ongoing evaluation, adaptation and sustainability of redesign initiatives. This learning offers the potential to further positive health systems change on a wider scale, through sharing knowledge, international collaboration and further refinement of the ‘new normal’ model.
Safety and performance of the ultrathin sirolimus-eluting coronary stent in an all-comer patient population: the S-FLEX UK-II registry
Authors: Karthikeyan Vellore J , Mozid Abdul , Aggarwal Suneil , Kumar Abhishek , Hildick-Smith David , Anderson Richard , Nair Satheesh , Ruparelia Neil , Curzen Nick , Veerasamy Murugu , Elsheikh Sandra , Zaman Azfar
Published: October 2024

Objective

We evaluated the clinical safety and performance of the ultrathin strut biodegradable polymer-coated Supraflex Cruz (Sahajanand Medical TechnologiesLtd., Surat, India) sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) in an all-comer patient population requiring coronary stent implantation.

Study design

The study was a prospective, observational, multicentre, single-arm registry.

Study settings

The study was conducted at 19 NHS Hospitals across the UK, from March 2020 to September 2021.

Study participants

A total of 1904 patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease (age ≥18 years) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with at least one Supraflex Cruz SES were enrolled.

Primary and secondary outcomes measure

The primary endpoint was target lesion failure (TLF), a composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (TV-MI) and clinically indicated target lesion revascularisation (CI-TLR), at 12 months. Safety endpoints were stent thrombosis, all-cause death and any MI. Prespecified subgroups analysis included patients with diabetes mellitus, bifurcation lesion, type B2/C lesion defined as per ACC/AHA (American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association) lesion classification and long coronary lesions (>20 mm).

Results

A total of 2973 Supraflex Cruz SES were implanted in 1835 patients (mean age: 65.20±11.03 years). Of these, 404 patients had diabetes mellitus (491 lesions), 271 had bifurcation lesions (293 lesions), 1541 had type B2/C lesions (1832 lesions) and 985 had long coronary lesions (>20 mm, 1139 lesions). Among the overall population, device success was achieved in 98.2% of lesions. TLF occurred in 12 (0.7%) patients (0.3% cardiac death, 0.2% TV-MI, 0.2% CI-TLR) at 30 days and in 43 (2.3%) patients (0.8% cardiac death, 0.8% TV-MI, 0.8% CI-TLR) at 12 months follow-up. The rate of definite stent thrombosis was 0.3% in the overall population at 12 months. The incidence of TLF and stent thrombosis was 6.2% and 1% in the diabetic, 1.8% and none in bifurcation lesion, 2.5% and 0.3% in type B2/C lesion, and 2.7% and 0.3% in long coronary lesions (>20 mm) subgroups, respectively. at 12 months follow-up.

Conclusion

The S-FLEX UK-II registry confirms the clinical safety and performance of the ultrathin Supraflex Cruz SES in an all-comer population with complex coronary artery disease, demonstrating low rates of TLF and stent thrombosis.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN39751665(https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN39751665)
How do parents experience video triage when seeking care for their acute ill children? A qualitative study in a Danish out-of-hours primary care setting
Authors: Nebsbjerg Mette Amalie , Bomholt Katrine Bjørnshave , Christensen Morten Bondo , Huibers Linda , Assing Hvidt Elisabeth
Published: October 2024

Objective

The objective is to explore parents’ experiences with telephone contacts to out-of-hours primary care (OOH-PC) that include use of one-way video (video triage).

Design

A qualitative interview study using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis approach.

Setting

OOH-PC in the Central Denmark Region.

Participants

A convenience sampling strategy was used to include parents of young children (aged 1–5 years), who received video triage in OOH-PC: nine women and one man aged 31–42 years. Data were collected from 26 April to 23 May 2023.

Results

Three main themes were developed, each containing two subthemes:Theme 1. Video triage accelerates diagnostic clarity and prompt action, enhancing feeling of safety: Parents experienced that video triage provided faster diagnostic clarification than telephone triage. The visual assessment in video triage reduced uncertainties of describing symptoms and increased the parents’ feeling of safety.Theme 2. Video triage changed the communicative and relational behaviour: Parents found video triage impersonal as it focused on the physical examination. The conversation before activation of video was found important, as it established a feeling of trust and reassurance.Theme 3. Experiences of presence and involvement in video triage: Parents found their active involvement in video triage challenging, as it required divided attention and shared responsibility.

Conclusions

Our study indicates the importance of paying attention to the changes in communication and consultation processes afforded by the implementation of one-way video triage. One-way video triage is experienced as a valuable tool for examination, yet it is also perceived to impair the building of trust in the patient–physician relationship.
Effectiveness of a supervised group-based walking program on physical, psychological and social outcomes among older adults: a randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Wong Ming Yu Claudia , Leung Ka Man , Thøgersen-Ntoumani Cecilie , Ou Kailing , Chung Pak Kwong
Published: October 2024

Introduction

To minimise adverse health events among older adults, physical activity (PA) is considered one of the most fundamental and effective forms of lifestyle. Therefore, an urgent effort to promote a physically active lifestyle among our older adults is needed, in which walking could be a better choice, especially for mass promotion. Besides, the types of PA interventions were also shown to affect their effectiveness on older adults’ psychosocial outcomes. Hence, the overall aim of the project is to examine the effectiveness of supervised group-based walking intervention by comparing it with unsupervised group-based walking and unsupervised individual-based walking interventions on improving physical, psychological and social outcomes among older adults in Hong Kong.

Methods and analysis

The research will conduct a four-group (supervised group-based, unsupervised group-based walking, unsupervised individual-based, control group), double-blind, randomised control trial, targeting 184 older adults in Hong Kong. The primary outcomes will be measured by participants’ changes in resting heart rates, body compositions, resting blood pressures, walking performance, loneliness, perceived social support and PA enjoyment. The results will be analysed using repeated analysis of variance and one-way analysis of covariance, as well as by conducting in-depth interviews with selected participants. Also, the outcomes of the research will be used as references for designing an effective walking operation manual for promoting healthy ageing among older adults in the community.

Ethics and dissemination

The current study involves human participants, and the research protocol has been approved by the research ethics committee at Hong Kong Baptist University (Ref: R2022-2023-0013). All participants will be provided with written informed consent to participate. The outcomes of the intervention protocol will be disseminated through manuscript publications.

Trial registration number

The trial is registered at the ClinicalTrials.gov PRS (Trial ID:NCT05907252; date of first posted: 16 June 2023).
Rationale and design of Dapagliflozin vErsus SacubiTrIl-valsartaN therapY in Heart Failure with reduced ejection fraction (DESTINY-HF): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Tiwari Krishna , Deora Surender , Choudhary Rahul , Kaushik Atul , Dwivedi Pradeep , Singh Surjit , Ambwani Sneha , Midha Naresh , Shukla Ravindra , Sankanagoudar Shrimanjunath , Shamim Muhammad Aaqib , Tiwari Vikas Kumar , Yadav Isha , Dodiya Rakesh , Varthya Shoban Babu
Published: October 2024

Background

Heart failure affects almost 64 million people, with more than half of it constituting heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT2i) are in the first line for HFrEF, but no head-to-head trials are available. Moreover, growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) has been demonstrated as a promising prognostic marker, specifically for HFrEF, but has not been explored much.

Methods

This pragmatic randomised controlled trial recruits 100 patients with HFrEF (ejection fraction &40%) of New York Heart Association (NYHA) II–III and allocates them in a 1:1 ratio to the dapagliflozin and sacubitril/valsartan groups. The primary objective is to assess the difference in N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide serum levels at the end of 16 weeks. The secondary efficacy objectives are to assess GDF-15, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-overall summary score and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Patients will be assessed at baseline, fourth week and 16th week after randomisation. As health technology assessment practices widely differ in countries, cost assessment is a vital factor to consider. The cost needed to treat one cardiovascular event is also compared between both groups. The occurrence of safety events will also be evaluated at each follow-up point.

Conclusion

This pragmatic study aims to compare the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin versus sacubitril/valsartan in patients with HFrEF in real-world settings. The study aims to provide clinicians with data to make informed decisions regarding the preferred drug class. Additionally, examining the impact of ARNI and SGLT2i on GDF-15 levels could offer better insights into prognosis among patients with HFrEF.

Ethics and dissemination

This study involves human participants and was approved by Institutional Ethics Committee at AlIMS Jodhpur with reference number AIIMS/IEC/2023/5842 approved this study. Participants gave informed consent to participate in the study before taking part. The research findings will be disseminated via closed group discussions at the site of study, scientific conferences, peer-reviewed published manuscripts, and social media.

Trial registration number

CTRI/2023/12/060772.
Anticoagulation Therapy Timing in patients with Atrial Fibrillation after Acute and Chronic Subdural Haematoma (ATTAACH): a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mansouri Alireza , Nassiri Farshad , Scales Damon , Pirouzmand Farhad
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Subdural haematomas (SDHs), acute or chronic, are common neurosurgical diagnoses. These problems can occur among patients requiring direct oral anticoagulation (DOAC) for atrial fibrillation. There are currently no guidelines regarding the optimal timing to resume anticoagulation for these patients after SDH. The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of conducting a future large randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluating the safety and efficacy of resuming DOACs early (ie, at 30 days) vs late (ie, at 3 months) for patients with atrial fibrillation following diagnosis of SDH.

Methods and analysis

This is a pilot, open-label, multicentre RCT that will enrol adults with newly diagnosed acute or chronic SDH with or without other intracranial bleeding who were receiving therapeutic anticoagulation with a DOAC as stroke prophylaxis for atrial fibrillation. Patients will be randomly allocated to resume a DOAC at standard dosing starting either days 30+7 or days 90±14. The primary outcomes for the pilot RCT are recruitment rate, protocol adherence and patient compliance with the randomly allocated interventions. Secondary outcomes are patient functional outcomes and safety and effectiveness outcomes, which will comprise key endpoints for the future planned RCT. This pilot RCT will provide important data to inform the feasibility of conducting a future, large RCT of early versus late resumption of DOACs for atrial fibrillation stroke prophylaxis in patients newly diagnosed with SDH. The future RCT will help inform management of a commonly encountered clinical dilemma with high associated morbidity and mortality.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by the research ethics board of record. It will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, Good Clinical Practice guidelines and regulatory requirements. Informed consent will be obtained from eligible patients or substitute decision-makers. Data from this study will inform the design of future, larger RCTs.

Trial registration number

NCT05472766.
Integrated cervical cancer screening uptake and associated factors among women attending primary care services at public health centres in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a multicentre cross-sectional study
Authors: Kassa Rahel Nega , Gelaye Kassahun Alemu , Omigbodun Akinyinka
Published: October 2024

Background

Cervical cancer (CC) is a major health problem in Ethiopia. Integrated healthcare approaches have been suggested as a way to increase access to and utilisation of screening services. Limited data exists on integrated CC screening (CCS) uptake at the primary care facilities where most women access healthcare. This study aimed to determine integrated CCS uptake and associated factors among women attending primary care services at health centres (HCs) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods

A multicentred cross-sectional study design was conducted among 1366 women attending primary care services at HCs in Addis Ababa. A systematic random sampling method was used to reach the study participants. Sexually active women aged 30–49 years attending primary care services in HCs were included in the study. A multivariable logistic regression model, with Stata/MP V.17.0 software, was used to identify the factors associated with integrated CCS service utilisation at a p value<0.05. Findings were presented using adjusted OR (AORs) with 95% CI.

Result

Only 15.6% (95% CI: 13.7 to 17.6) of women used the CCS that was integrated into the primary care services that they initially sought. Being single (AOR: 4.10; 95% CI: 2.19 to 7.68), divorced (AOR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.04 to 5.21), attending college and above (AOR: 5.86; 95% CI: 2.32 to 14.79), being in the richest wealth index (AOR: 2.76; 95% CI: 1.46 to 5.22), husband’s sexual behaviour (AOR: 6.8; 95% CI: 4.09 to 11.21), having a favourable attitude towards CCS (AOR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.52 to 3.29) and visiting postnatal clinic (AOR: 8.06; 95% CI: 2.33 to 27.8) were associated with utilisation of CCS services, while preference of a specific gender of healthcare provider (HCP) (AOR: 0.04; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.13) was associated with non-utilisation of CCS.

Conclusion

The study found low integrated CCS uptake among women in Addis Ababa, influenced by factors like marital status, education, wealth, husband’s sexual behaviour, attitude towards CCS, postnatal clinic visits and preferred gender of HCPs. Taking these factors into consideration by stakeholders could promote CCS utilisation.
Intraoperative contrast-enhanced cone beam CT allows visualization of the ‘dark side’ of the clot and improves mechanical thrombectomy performance
Authors: Hofmeister Jeremy , Rosi Andrea , Bernava Gianmarco , Reymond Philippe , Brina Olivier , Yilmaz Hasan , Carrera Emmanuel , Lovblad Karl-Olof , Machi Paolo
Published: October 2024

Background

Visualization of the clot is key to the endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke, but identification of the distal part of the clot and distal arteries during mechanical thrombectomy (MT) remains challenging with conventional intraoperative imaging. We aimed to leverage the potential of contrast-enhanced cone beam CT (CE-CBCT) to better visualize the distality (‘dark side’) of the clot.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed all patients treated with MT for medium vessel occlusion (MeVO) guided by three-dimensional (3D) imaging to identify those who underwent either CE-CBCT or 3D rotational angiography (3DRA). Our primary outcome was the visualization of the proximal and distal edges of the clot and the arteries beyond the occlusion on the different types of intraoperative imaging: digital subtraction angiography (DSA), 3DRA, and CE-CBCT. Secondary outcomes included the efficacy, safety, and timing of MT between CE-CBCT versus 3DRA groups.

Results

The proximal edge of the clot was well visualized by DSA, 3DRA, and CE-CBCT. However, the distal edge of the clot and distal arteries were significantly better visualized with CE-CBCT (60.0%) than 3DRA (2.7%) and DSA (11.4–13.5%). Moreover, MT efficacy was better with CE-CBCT than 3DRA, with higher first-pass effect (65.7% vs 37.8%) and final recanalization grade (expanded Treatment In Cerebral Infarction (eTICI) 3: 71.4% vs 43.2%). Finally, the visualization of the distal edge of the clot and distal arteries correlated with better collateralization grade.

Conclusion

CE-CBCT localizes the clot and reveals the underlying vascular anatomy better than 3DRA or DSA, thereby enhancing the efficacy of MT. The improved filling of collaterals with CE-CBCT may explain this better visualization of the ‘dark side’ of the clot.
Invasive shrub removal may be more effective at reducing granivory than coating tree seeds with capsaicin
Authors: Fuka Mark E. , Connolly Brian M. , Orrock John L.
Published: October 2024

The utility of seed addition to promote tree regeneration can be greatly limited by animals that consume seeds. Moreover, given that restoration often occurs in forests where invasive shrubs are abundant, and evidence that invasive shrubs can increase granivory, it is important to explore whether methods for reducing granivory work equally well in invaded and uninvaded habitats. We used a multi-site field experiment spanning 160 days to explore whether coating seeds of Prunus serotina with capsaicin extract leads to reduced granivory in habitats with or without invasive shrubs ( Rhamnus cathartica). Capsaicin-coated seeds were removed at a similar rate to uncoated seeds, but seeds in invaded plots had a 78.8% higher rate of removal compared to plots without invasive shrubs. Our findings suggest that managers seeking to encourage regeneration of native trees using direct seeding should consider invasive shrub removal as a top priority to limit the loss of seeds once sown.
Cardiovascular adverse events associated with triptans for treatment of migraine: a pharmacovigilance study of the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS)
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Varghese Gupta Sheeba , Bhatt Priyanka , Kandukuru Abhishek , Cheng Feng , Upadhyay Gunjan , Sutariya Vijaykumar
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between triptans (sumatriptan, rizatriptan, and zolmitriptan) and cardiovascular (CV) adverse events with data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). FAERS database was used to collect data on triptans from 1997 to 2023. Disproportionality methods were utilized to quantify triptan-associated CV events and to identify the potential risk. The reporting odds ratio was used to identify the risk signals. CV outcomes related to age, sex, clinical results, and other factors were also examined for triptans; 820 reports involving the triptans were recognized as CV adverse events out of total of 12 699 reports that were gathered from on FAERS database. Women reported more CV adverse events with rizatriptan and zolmitriptan as compared to men. The CV adverse event risk was highest among individuals aged 18–64. Clinical outcome analysis showed that sumatriptan carries a higher CV risk than rizatriptan and zolmitriptan, and most deaths and serious cases have been documented for sumatriptan. The patients prescribed sumatriptan or zolmitriptan were at a higher risk of reporting CV events for chest pain and chest discomfort, compared to rizatriptan. This finding may provide support for the clinical observation and risk evaluation of triptan treatment.
SMDDH: Singleton Mention Detection using Deep Learning in Hindi Text
Authors: Lata Kusum , Singh Pardeep , Dutta Kamlesh
Published: October 2024

Mention detection is an important component of the Coreference Resolution (CR) system, where mentions such as name, nominal, and pronominals are identified. These mentions can be purely coreferential mentions or singleton mentions (non-coreferential mentions). Coreferential mentions are those mentions in a text that refer to the same entities in the real world. Whereas, singleton mentions are mentioned only once in the text and do not participate in the coreference as they are not mentioned again in the following text. Filtering of these singleton mentions can substantially improve the performance of a CR process. This paper proposes a singleton mention detection module based on a Fully Connected Network (FCN) and a Long Short-Term Memory for Hindi text and model identifying singleton mentions so that these mentions can be filtered out to reduce the search space for CR. A CR system can look for the previous reference of that mention in the text and if these mentions are removed from the list of mentions, then it reduces the searching time and also space time. This model utilizes a few hand-crafted features, context information, and embedding for words from word2vec and a multilingual Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (mBERT) language model. The coreference annotated Hindi dataset comprising 3.6K sentences, and 78K tokens are used for the task. The singleton mention detection model is analyzed extensively by experimenting with various lengths of context windows for each mention. The performance of the model is significant with two window sizes of context as compared to other various window sizes of contexts such as 2,3,4,5, etc., and all previous and all next words of each mention. The Precision, Recall, and F-measure of the LSTM-FCN model with mBERT (Word + Context + Syntactic) with two window sizes of context for identifying the singleton mentions are 63%, 71%, and 67% respectively.
FreshSense: Transforming Supply Chains with Low-Cost and Dynamic Food Quality Sensing at the Pallet-Level
Authors: Garg Nakul , Roy Nirupam , Chandra Ranveer , Ranganathan Vaishnavi
Published: October 2024

Food wastage is a pervasive issue that affects millions of people worldwide. Approximately 40% of produced food goes to waste after harvest[1], while 10% of the world's population goes to bed hungry each night[2]. The food industry is also known to have some of the highest emissions, and the environmental impact from produce that gets wasted post-harvest is a significant overhead to the industry's carbon footprint. On these accounts, there is an imminent need to detect and reduce food loss. In an effort to reduce such loss, in this work, we ask the question: Can we use wireless technology to track the change in food quality and nutrition, post-harvest, as it travels through the global supply chain? Current methods for monitoring food quality are sparse and prone to manual error. Literature shows that moisture content in produce is a good proxy for quality and nutritionnutrition[3,12]. However, the inability to accurately and efficiently track moisture content at scale leads to substantial loss. To address this challenge, we propose FreshSense, a novel wireless sensing system that enables real-time, non-invasive monitoring of moisture content in produce as it moves through the supply chain.
The Novel 2.3.4.4b H5N6 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated From Wild Birds in 2023 Posing a Potential Risk to Human Health
Authors: Xu Yuting , Hu Jie , Zhao Chenyao , Yuan Yue , Gao Zijing , Wang Zhenghuan , Sharshov Kirill , He Guimei
Published: October 2024

The highly pathogenic avian influenza 2.3.4.4b H5 viruses have been a cause for concern recently, as they have been responsible for continuous outbreaks since 2021. In China, the H5N6 subtype has been predominantly circulating in domestic poultry but has rarely been detected in wild birds over the past 3 years. In December 2023, novel reassortant 2.3.4.4b H5N6 viruses were resurgent in wild birds and domestic ducks in Eastern Asia. The viruses were reassorted with those of currently prevalent 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses of wild bird origin worldwide, as well as the H5N6 viruses that caused human infections in 2022 and low pathogenic avian influenza viruses, such as the H9N2 virus, which also contributed internal gene to the novel H5N6 viruses. Based on the phylogenetic analyses, we inferred that this recombination process occurred in migratory breeding sites in early 2023. Given the rapid transmission and high mutation capacity of currently circulating H5N1 viruses, as well as the strong pathogenicity of H5N6 viruses to humans, the novel recombinant viruses may continue to evolve and pose new threats to human health. Therefore, continuous surveillance of H5N6 viruses in wild birds and domestic poultry should be strengthened.
Current Status and Global Research Trend Patterns of Insect Meal in Aquaculture From Scientometric Perspective: (2013–2022)
Authors: N. Raghuvaran , Varghese Tincy , Jana Prasanta , Brighty R. J. Angela , Sethupathy A. Muthiah , S. Sudarshan , Alrashdi Yahya Bin Abdullah , Ibrahim Adel Ehab , El Deeb Sami
Published: October 2024

In the past decade, insect meal has gained popularity in the animal feed industry, particularly in aquafeed, due to rising costs and decreased availability of fish meal (FM) and fish oil. Initially met with skepticism, insect meal is now seen as a promising ingredient because of its high nutrient profile. Research worldwide is exploring its potential as a FM replacement. Insects are abundant, nutritious, and environmentally friendly, as they can be reared on organic waste, minimizing the need for land, water, and energy. This research aims at obtaining a comprehensive and in‐depth understanding of the current status and research trend patterns in this research field. To achieve this goal, this study conducts a mini systematic review and scientometric analysis of the global research published from 2013 to 2022 on the usage of insect meal in aquaculture. In the scientometric analysis, a total of 354 papers published by 1800 authors in 124 different journals from the Web of Science (WoS) core collection were analyzed, evaluating the number of publications, most relevant authors, organizations, top cited countries, most globally cited publications, and trending research themes in this field. The result showed that the University of Turin was the leading organization in insect meal research, whereas aquaculture was the leading journal, and author Laura Gasco was the prominent researcher in this field in the studied time frame (2013–2022). Italy was the leading country in Europe, while China dominated Asia in terms of the number of publications. The annual growth rate in insect meal research was found to be positive (23.11%), with 36.95 average citations per document. This study helps practitioners and scholars understand the current state of insect meal in aquaculture and identifies research requirements that can benefit both academia and industry.
Optimization Strategies for Urban Waterlogging Warning in Complex Environments: Based on Particle Swarm Optimization and Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Hu Xiande , Gu Fenfei
Published: October 2024

Waterlogging warning has gradually become an important means of urban waterlogging prevention and control. However, the current urban waterlogging warning model still has problems such as low accuracy, real‐time performance, and poor model convergence. To better address these issues, this article combines particle swarm optimization (PSO) and deep neural networks (DNN) to explore the construction of early warning models in depth. First, the influencing factors of urban waterlogging were analyzed in the article, and the PSO algorithm was used to determine the influencing factors of urban waterlogging in this study; then, the selected influencing factors were used as input data to design a backpropagation (BP) neural network (NN) structure; several representative waterlogging points can be selected to construct a BP NN model and perform fitting analysis. Afterward, combined with the PSO algorithm, the constructed model was trained and optimized. In this article, the old town of Hefei City is used as the experimental object, and the building model is used to conduct early warning research on waterlogging. The study’s findings indicate that the PSO + BP model’s average accuracy in 10 early warning tests is as high as 97.95%, with a response time of only 0.022 ms; the average accuracy and response time of the BP model are 89.06% and 0.255 ms, respectively; the Bayesian network model (BN model) is 82.78% and 0.275 ms. Through the analysis of actual cases in the old urban area of Hefei City, the advantages of this model in practical application were verified, and a new intelligent warning method for urban waterlogging prevention and control was provided, demonstrating its effectiveness and potential in dealing with complex nonlinear problems.
Table 1 from Small-Molecule CCR4 Antagonists in Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Enriquez José S. , Wang Xiaohong , Velatooru Loka Reddy , Han Wei , Bijani Pedram , Ni Xiao
Published: October 2024

IC50 of CCR4 antagonists on chemotaxes and cell proliferation in MJ and HuT 78 cells
An Outbreak of Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis Caused by Coxsackievirus A24 in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India 2023
Authors: Behera Sthita Pragnya , Mishra Nalini , Yadav Ramyash , Shukla Aishwarya , Kumari Moni , Rajput Sonal , Fatma Imbisat , Tiwari Ashutosh , Srivastava Prashansha , Tiwari Shashikant , Singh Rajeev , Ranawade Satish S. , Murhekar Manoj , Dwivedi Gaurav Raj
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) outbreaks are caused mostly by viruses. During July-August 2023, there was a sudden spike in acute hemorrhage conjunctivitis cases in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. To identify the etiological and gain molecular epidemiology of the agent, the study was conducted. Methodology: Conjunctival swabs were collected from patients (n = 128) with presumed acute hemorrhage conjunctivitis visiting two tertiary care hospitals. Results: Enteroviruses infection was identified in 96 (75%) patients. In these patients, coxsackievirus A24 (CV-A24) infection was further confirmed by targeting the genetic regions of 3C protease and VP1. Furthermore, the study established the outbreak was caused by the genotype IV of CV-A24 with the highest genetic similarity with CV-A24 reported from Northeast India, China, and Pakistan circulating during the same period. The comparison of our study sequences with earlier Indian outbreak strains (2007) revealed four amino acid substitutions at the 3C region (“S21N,” “V30I,” “S66I,” and “V75I”) and three non-synonymous mutations at the VP1 region (“L16I,” “P21S,” and “N301D”). Conclusion: The study findings revealed that the AHC outbreak was caused by genotype IV of CV-A24 in this region. Molecular identification accompanied by phylogenetic analysis will be useful in studying the enterovirus epidemiology associated with AHC outbreaks.
Long-Term Survival Outcomes in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer after Mastectomy with or without Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Heng , Zhang AiJie , Wei Tingting , Huang Hongbo , Huang Ying , Zhang Ze , Xu Yijing , Kong Lingquan , Li Yunhai , Li Fan
Published: October 2024

Introduction: There is ongoing debate about the safety of breast reconstruction for patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) who have undergone total mastectomy (TM). More and more LABC patients are undergoing breast reconstruction after TM, but its long-term survival outcomes remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the survival outcomes of LABC patients who underwent breast reconstruction after TM with those who did not, based on a large sample. Methods: We collected data for all LABC patients who underwent TM with or without breast reconstruction in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We divided patients into two groups: TM group and total mastectomy with reconstruction (TM+R) group. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to eliminate imbalances of baseline data between the two groups. Data were analyzed using χ2 tests, Kaplan-Meier methods, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Result: We identified 39,112 eligible patients (33,169 patients received TM and 5,943 received TM+R), and 8,680 patients were matched after PSM (4,340 patients received TM and 4,340 received TM+R). Patients with middle age, white, married, lived in urban, IIB–IIIA stage, invasive ductal carcinoma, pathological grade II–III, hormone receptor-positive, and undergone chemotherapy were more likely to receive breast reconstruction. After PSM, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed better OS and BCSS in the TM+R group versus the TM group (OS: p < 0.001; BCSS: p = 0.008). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that TM+R significantly improved OS and BCSS (OS: hazard ratio 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.68, 0.79], p < 0.001; BCSS: 95% CI [0.79, 0.94], p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that patients with old age, white, and hormone receptor-positive had better OS and BCSS by TM+R compared to TM. Conclusions: Breast reconstruction after TM is associated with better OS and BCSS in patients with LABC.
Erdnussallergie: Epikutane Immuntherapie als sicherer Ansatz für Kleinkinder
Authors: Pfützner Wolfgang
Published: October 2024

Hintergrund: Es gibt keine zugelassene Behandlung für Erdnussallergien bei Kindern unter 4 Jahren. Die Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit der epikutanen Immuntherapie (Behandlung über die Haut) mit einem Erdnusspflaster bei Kleinkindern ist unbekannt. Methoden: In dieser Phase-3-Studie, die an mehreren Zentren durchgeführt wurde, nahmen Kinder im Alter von 1 bis 3 Jahren mit bestätigter Erdnussallergie teil. Sie erhielten entweder ein Erdnusspflaster (Interventionsgruppe) oder ein Placebo über 12 Monate. Der Hauptendpunkt war, wie stark die Kinder nach 12 Monaten auf Erdnüsse reagierten. Die Sicherheit wurde anhand von Nebenwirkungen während der Pflasteranwendung oder des Placebos bewertet. Ergebnisse: 362 Patienten wurden in die Studie aufgenommen, 84,8% schlossen sie ab. In der Interventionsgruppe reagierten 67% der Kinder besser auf Erdnüsse, verglichen mit 33,5% in der Placebogruppe. Nebenwirkungen traten in der Interventionsgruppe bei 100% und in der Placebogruppe bei 99,2% der Kinder auf. Schwere Nebenwirkungen, wie Anaphylaxie (schwere allergische Reaktion), wurden in 7,8% der Fälle in der Interventionsgruppe und in 3,4% der Placebogruppe beobachtet.
Screening Colonoscopy to Reduce the Incidence and Mortality of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Tada Naoya , Tamai Naoto , Sumiyama Kazuki
Published: October 2024

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major concern because of its increasing incidence and mortality worldwide. Therefore, effective screening strategies are necessary to reduce its incidence. Summary: In addition to fecal immunochemical tests and computed tomography colonography, screening colonoscopy is expected to significantly contribute to the reduction of CRC. However, the timing of colonoscopy for CRC screening is not well-defined because of the lack of sufficient data. Additionally, the effectiveness of colonoscopy is affected by various factors known as quality indicators (QIs), such as the performance of the endoscopist; therefore, there are concerns regarding quality assurance. The adenoma detection rate (ADR) is a well-known QI of colonoscopy. Substantial evidence has suggested that improving the ADR could reduce the incidence and mortality of postcolonoscopy CRC. Key Messages: Recent technological advancements have led to the development of image-enhanced endoscopy and the incorporation of artificial intelligence, and their ability to improve the ADR has been assessed. This review focused on screening colonoscopies and QIs and their ability to improve the ADR and incidence and mortality of CRC.