bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antisemitism: A psychoanalytic theory
Authors: White Robert S.
Published: June 2023

Antisemitism has been a persistent and growing prejudice for millenniums against the Jewish people. This paper offers a general theory of group hatred appliable to antisemitism and other religious or racial prejudices. Theories of prejudice tend either to postulate an internal psychic template of hatred that is projected or postulate a social origin of hatred that is internalized. Rather there is a dialectic where there is a reciprocal movement between internal and external. The tendency to hate and project is a part of the human psyche, here called internal racism. Anxieties which cannot be contained internally can be stabilized by large‐group identity. When internal racism cannot be contained or the external social groups are weak, the result is pathological large‐group formations. A distinction can be made between personal antisemitism in which the hatred is projected onto a known person and impersonal antisemitism in which hatred is projected into groups. A fairy tale by the brother's Grimm, “The Jew among Thorns” is used to illustrate a number of personal antisemitic attitudes. “The Protocols of the Elders of Zion,” a forged document that appeared in pre‐revolutionary Russia, is used to illustrate impersonal antisemitism.
A comparison of freezer‐stored DNA and herbarium tissue samples for chloroplast assembly and genome skimming
Authors: McAssey Edward V. , Downs Cassidy , Yorkston Mitsuko , Morden Clifford , Heyduk Karolina
Published: June 2023

Premise

The use of DNA from herbarium specimens is an increasingly important source for evolutionary studies in plant biology, particularly in cases where species are rare or difficult to obtain. Here we compare the utility of DNA from herbarium tissues to their freezer‐stored DNA counterparts via the Hawaiian Plant DNA Library.

Methods

Plants collected for the Hawaiian Plant DNA Library were simultaneously accessioned as herbarium specimens at the time of collection, from 1994–2019. Paired samples were sequenced using short‐read sequencing and assessed for chloroplast assembly and nuclear gene recovery.

Results

Herbarium specimen–derived DNA was statistically more fragmented than freezer‐stored DNA derived from fresh tissue, leading to poorer chloroplast assembly and overall lower coverage. The number of nuclear targets recovered varied mostly by total sequencing reads per library and age of specimen, but not by storage method (herbarium or long‐term freezer). Although there was evidence of DNA damage in the samples, there was no evidence that it was related to the length of time in storage, whether frozen or as herbarium specimens.

Discussion

DNA extracted from herbarium tissues will continue to be invaluable, despite being highly fragmented and degraded. Rare floras would benefit from both traditional herbarium storage methods and extracted DNA freezer banks.
Identification of Covariates Modulating B‐Cell Repopulation Kinetics in Subjects Receiving Rituximab Treatment
Authors: Welte Thomas , Westermann Lukas , Kappes Julia , Schramm Markus A. , Bemtgen Xavier , Staudacher Dawid L. , Hug Martin J. , Venhoff Nils , Arnold Frederic
Published: June 2023

Objective

B‐cell depletion using the anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab is a cornerstone in the therapeutic concept of multiple autoimmune diseases. B‐cell depletion is associated with a higher risk for severe infections, and the time span of B‐cell repopulation differs greatly between individuals. Data on factors influencing B‐cell repopulation kinetics are limited. This study aims to identify patient‐specific and therapy‐associated covariates that modulate B‐cell repopulation.

Methods

This single‐center retrospective observational study presents data of 839 subjects receiving 2,017 courses of rituximab for autoimmune diseases. Assessed covariates are patient‐specific factors (sex, age, kidney function, and underlying disease) and co‐immunosuppression with common agents (azathioprine, cyclosporine A, cyclophosphamide, hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, and corticosteroids). The primary end point is the time to B‐cell repopulation (≥5/μl). The secondary end point is the time to B‐cell reconstitution (≥50/μl). Multivariate time‐to‐event analysis and logistic regression models were applied to estimate the influence of covariates.

Results

Age over 60 years (hazard ratio [HR] 0.71 for repopulation, P = 0.008), impaired kidney function (HR 0.72, P = 0.001), antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitis (HR 0.61, P < 0.001), solid organ transplantation (HR 0.4, P < 0.001), and co‐immunosuppression with corticosteroids (HR 0.64, P < 0.001) or azathioprine (HR 0.49, P < 0.001) were associated with impaired B‐cell repopulation and reconstitution. Effects of corticosteroids (P = 0.043) and azathioprine (P = 0.025) were dose dependent.

Conclusion

Prolonged rituximab dosing intervals may be effective to achieve B‐cell depletion and reduce risk of infection in advanced age or patients with impaired kidney function. Co‐medication with corticosteroids or azathioprine prolongs B‐cell recovery, which may increase therapeutic effects but also the rate of adverse events.

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Association between α‐defensin 5 and the expression and function of P‐glycoprotein in differentiated intestinal Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Yasuda Genki , Kubota Atsuhito , Okamoto Keisuke , Narumi Katsuya , Furugen Ayako , Kato Izumi , Mori Ayako , Saito Yoshitaka , Satoh Takashi , Takahashi‐Suzuki Natsuko , Iseki Ken , Kobayashi Masaki
Published: June 2023

α‐Defensin 5 is known to be secreted by Paneth cells in the small intestine and plays an important role in eliminating pathogenic microorganisms. It has been reported that a decrease in α‐defensin 5 level in the human small intestine is a risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Furthermore, P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), a member of the ATP‐binding cassette transporter superfamily, encoded by the ABCB1/MDR1 gene, plays an important role in the front line of host defense by protecting the gastrointestinal barrier from xenobiotic accumulation and may contribute to the development and persistence of IBD. Therefore, we examined the relationship between α‐defensin 5 and the expression and function of P‐gp using a human gastrointestinal model cell line (Caco‐2). We found that MDR1 mRNA and P‐gp protein level were increased in Caco‐2 cells as well as α‐defensin 5 secretion corresponded with the duration of cell culture. Exposure to α‐defensin 5 peptide and recombinant tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) significantly increased the expression and function P‐gp. The mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)‐8, IL‐6, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐2 were also increased following exposure to TNF‐α, similar to α‐defensin 5 treatment. These results suggest that α‐defensin 5 regulates P‐gp expression and function by increasing TNF‐α expression in Caco‐2 cells.
Congress mashing of malted wheat cultivars from Thailand provide adequate malt extract physicochemical properties suitable for brewing purposes
Authors: Gonu Hellie , Withayagiat Ulaiwan
Published: June 2023

Background and Objective

The use of wheat for brewing is associated with its influence on protein content, phenolic compounds, and organoleptic properties, such as mouth feel, haze, and foaming intensity in malt‐based beverages. The quest for alternate malt materials other than barley malt and the exponential growth of micro‐breweries in Thailand have intensified the search for appropriate wheat cultivars suitable for brewing purpose. In this study, four imported commercial wheat malts and three malted wheat cultivars from Thailand (Samerng‐2, Phrae‐60, and Fahng‐60) were compared in terms of their physicochemical characteristics. Malt quality was based on α‐amylase, β‐amylase, antioxidant activities, the contents of free amino acid (FAN), fermentable sugars, total reducing sugar (TRS), and total polyphenol (TPC) of the malt extract samples produced by congress mashing.

Findings

The levels of α‐amylase activity were lower than that for β‐amylase activity in all malt samples. The malt extract (wort) yield was 83.7% weight per weight (w/w), 83.9% w/w, and 83.3% w/w in Samerng‐2, Phrae‐60, and Fahng‐60, respectively. The FAN contents in wort from the three Thai wheat malts were in the range of 155.2–183.4 mg/L. When used as an adjunct at 30% w/w or 50% w/w, the FAN contents were in the ranges 197.5–203.9 and 140.9–173 mg/L, respectively. Sucrose, glucose, maltose, and maltotriose were in the ranges 0.37–1.17, 2.8–4.3, 37.9–48.8, and 7.3–9.68 g/L, respectively. Wort produced contained contents of TRS, total carbohydrate, and TPC of 56.3–57.4, 79.4–88.9, and 116.4–18.2 mg/L, respectively. The antioxidant activity level based on 2,2‐di(4‐tert‐octylphenyl)‐1picrylhydrazyl and 2,2‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) diammonium salt assays was within 61.0–125.4 and 1259–1413 µmol TE/L, respectively.

Conclusion

These physicochemical attributes of the Thai malted wheat cultivars were similar to the commercial imported wheat malt samples. Consequently, the Thai cultivar would be suitable as raw brewing material.

Significance and Novelty

This preliminary study is limited to laboratory experimental design. Different conditions and processes could lead to different experimental results. Notwithstanding, this study provides the first report on some physicochemical properties of malted Thai wheat cultivars as the base raw material and adjunct for brewing purposes, which are critical in selecting cultivars for brewing purposes. This will intend to promote the cultivation of local wheat cultivars to meet the demand of local craft breweries.
Ni(0) Ex‐Phyllosilicates as Efficient and Stable Low Temperature CH4 Dry Reforming Catalyst
Authors: Ciotonea Carmen , Wei Yaqian , Ungureanu Adrian , Catrinescu Cezar , Gardol Olivier , Mamede Anne‐Sophie , Dumeignil Franck , Paul Sébastien , Jalowiecki‐Duhamel Louise , Royer Sébastien
Published: June 2023

This study explores the performances of nickel‐based materials for the dry reforming of methane (DRM), an important process for hydrogen and syngas productions. Ni nanoparticles are issued from porous phyllosilicate phase exolution under reducing conditions (in situ or ex situ). Phyllosilicate precursors were obtained by deposition/precipitation with urea onto SBA‐15 porous silica, with metal loading up to 40 wt.%. Reaction was performed at 600–700 °C. The successful formation and stabilization of highly dispersed nanoparticles (2–6 nm) is revealed, even for highly loaded formulations (20 wt.% and 40 wt.%). In DRM‐700 (CH4/CO2=1, 20 % CH4, 480,000 mL gcat−1 h−1) the formulation at 20 wt.% metal loading (Ni_20 %) activated during reaction affords 50 % and 65 % of CH4 and CO2 conversions respectively at 700 °C. Ni_20 % is showing excellent resistance toward sintering after DRM stability test of 80 h. Characterizations made for spent catalyst show high resistance toward sintering and limited carbon formation.
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Core‐Shell Nanofiber Cathodes, with Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (Core) and Cu‐Doped La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 (Shell), for Application in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Sanna Caterina , Costamagna Paola , Holtappels Peter
Published: June 2023

Several core‐shell nanofiber electrodes are prepared through electrospinning and tested for application as intermediate‐temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT‐SOFC) cathodes. The materials investigated are La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 (LSM), La0.6Sr0.4Cu0.1Mn0.9O3‐δ (LSCuM_1), and La0.6Sr0.4Cu0.2Mn0.8O3‐δ (LSCuM_2) perovskites, used at the shell side of the nanofibers. Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (GDC10) fluorite is used as the core material. The electrochemical characterization of the core‐shell nanofiber electrodes is performed through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The EIS results are reported and discussed based on equivalent circuit modeling. The polarization resistance of the GDC10/LSM core‐shell nanofibers electrodes is RP∼4.5 Ω cm2 at 650 °C. Improvement is accomplished with GDC10/LSCuM_1 and GDC10/LSCuM_2 core‐shell nanofibers, with RP∼1.8 Ω cm2 and 1.7 Ω cm2 respectively at 650 °C. Post‐test SEM characterization is carried out, to ascertain possible degradation and identify the most promising shell perovskite.
A Modular Double Electrode Flow Cell with Exchangeable Generator and Detector Electrodes
Authors: Stender Frederik J. , Obata Keisuke , Baumung Max , Abdi Fatwa F. , Risch Marcel
Published: June 2023

Generator‐collector experiments offer insights into the mechanisms of electrochemical reactions by correlating the product and generator currents. Most commonly, these experiments are performed using commercially‐available rotating ring‐disk electrodes (RRDE). We developed a modular double electrode flow cell (DEFC) with exchangeable generator and detector electrodes where the electrode width equals the channel width. As a test case, we considered the ferri‐/ferrocyanide redox couple in experiments, analytical calculations and multiphysics simulations. Wall effects reduce the current density by less than 10 % in our geometry for the investigated conditions and the analytical solution for the limiting current at the generator electrode applies to widths up to 5 mm. The collection efficiency for all investigated electrode widths is close to the expected 35.4 % above a flow rate of 1.0 (mL/min)1/3 but only independent of the flow rate for electrodes with width 5 mm and larger. Kinetic constants of 1.3–1.9 ⋅ 10−3 cm/s are obtained from Koutecký‐Levich analysis and 21.0–5.0 ⋅ 10−3 cm/s from Nicholson analysis for the DEFC, which falls within the range reported previously. We conclude that our DEFC with exchangeable electrodes is an attractive alternative to commercial RRDEs which offers the flexibility to optimize both the generator and collector materials for the desired reaction.
Der digitale Nachhaltigkeitsnavigator
Authors: Alwast Holger , Maennchen Ilona
Published: June 2023

Die Produkte bestimmen mit ihren Vorlieferketten und den Herstellungsprozessen die Nachhaltigkeit eines Unternehmens. Diese sind künftig im Rahmen der ESG‐Berichtspflichten der EU nachzuweisen und digital zu dokumentieren. Der digitale Produktkompass unterstützt bei der Datenerhebung (Bottom‐up über Ihre Produkte), bei der Bewertung, Dokumentation sowie Verifizierung. So ist jederzeit die punktgenaue Nachhaltigkeitsnavigation erfassbar.
Nachhaltige Chemieprodukte und Prozesse für die Zuckerindustrie
Authors: Mühlenberg Marius
Published: June 2023

Das mittelständische Unternehmen ist einer der führenden Hersteller von Spezialchemikalien und Additiven für verschiedene Industriebereiche wie die Agrar‐, Lebensmittel‐ und Papierindustrie. Mit dem Unternehmensbereich Green Chemicals fokussiert sich LEVACO zunehmend auf die Produktion nachhaltiger Produkte und CO2‐neutraler Produktionsprozesse. So entwickelte der Chemieanbieter beispielsweise einen natürlichen Biostabilisator, der aus Rohstoffen nachwachsenden Ursprungs hergestellt wird und als Prozesshilfsmittel für die konventionelle und biologische Zuckerproduktion genutzt werden kann. Dadurch können Zuckerfabriken auf die gefährliche Chemikalie Formaldehyd verzichten und Zuckerverluste reduzieren und die Arbeitssicherheit erhöhen.
Plasmatechnolgie spaltet PFAS‐Molekülketten
Authors: Toprak Mehmet
Published: June 2023

Persistente Chemikalien wie PFAS sind mit herkömmlichen Filtertechniken nur aufwendig aus Abwasser entfernbar. Mit Plasmatechnologie lassen sich die PFAS‐Molekülketten spalten, um das Abwasser von den Ewigkeitschemikalien zu reinigen. Forschende des Fraunhofer‐Instituts für Grenzflächen‐ und Bioverfahrenstechnik IGB haben im Verbundprojekt AtWaPlas erfolgreich eine plasmabasierte Technologie dafür entwickelt.
Mutational Studies of Aldose Reductase to Trace a Transient Pocket Opening and to Explain Ligand Affinity Cliffs
Authors: Klee Lea‐Sophie , Gárdonyi Marina , Hüfner Tobias , Heine Andreas , Klebe Gerhard
Published: June 2023

Human aldose reductase, a target for the development of inhibitors for preventing diabetic complications, displays a transient specificity pocket which opens upon binding with specific, potent inhibitors. We investigated the opening mechanism of this pocket by mutating leucine residues involved in the gate keeping mechanism to alanine. Two isostructural inhibitors distinguished only by a single nitro to carboxy group replacement, have a 1000‐fold difference in their binding affinity to the wild type. This difference is reduced to 10‐fold in the mutated variants as the nitro derivative loses in affinity but conserves binding to the open transient pocket. The affinity of the carboxylate analog is minimally altered but the analog binding preference changes from the closed to open state of the transient pocket. Differences in the solvation properties of ligands and the transient pocket as well as changes from induced fit to conformational selections provide an explanation for the altered behavior of the ligands with respect to their binding to the different variants.
Phase‐Selective Synthesis of Cobalt Sulfide Heterostructure Catalysts as Efficient Counter Electrodes in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Ma Dui , Ma Xiang , Xie Meilan , Liu Xuejiao , Zai Jiantao , Qian Xuefeng , Wang Xiaofeng , Zhao Jiyang , Pan Zhaorui , Liang Xiao , Zhang Yuchi
Published: June 2023

Developing a cost‐saving, high‐efficiency, and simple synthesis of counter electrode (CE) material to replace pricy Pt for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has become a research hotspot. Owing to the electronic coupling effects between various components, semiconductor heterostructures can significantly enhance the catalytic performance and endurance of counter electrodes. However, the strategy to controllably synthesize the same element in several phase heterostructures used as the CE in DSSCs is still absent. Here, we fabricate well‐defined CoS2/CoS heterostructures and use them as CE catalysts in DSSCs. The as‐designed CoS2/CoS heterostructures display high catalytic performance and endurance for the triiodide reduction in DSSCs thanks to the combined and synergistic effects. As a result, a DSSC with CoS2/CoS achieves a high energy conversion with an efficiency of 9.47 % under standard simulated solar radiation, surpassing that of pristine Pt‐based CE (9.20 %). Besides, the CoS2/CoS heterostructures possess a quick activity initiation process and extended stability, broadening their potential applications in various areas. Therefore, our proposed synthetic approach could offer new insights for synthesizing functional heterostructure materials with improved catalytic activities in DSSCs.
Building a Better Broccoli
Authors: Korzekwa Kaine
Published: June 2023

An estimated 50 to 100 million people across the globe do not receive enough of the element selenium from their diet.

Selenium deficiency in one’s diet can be associated with conditions such as a weakened immune system, heart disease, and increased risk of cancer.

Broccoli is known as a “selenium accumulator” and tends to take up and store selenium more readily than other crops, making it a good candidate for biofortification.

New research in Crop Science shows that biofortification of broccoli with selenium can improve its nutritional value and postharvest quality.
Power management and coordinated control strategy of flexible interconnected AC/DC hybrid microgrid with back‐to‐back converters
Authors: Luo Zhongge , Sun Yanfei , Li Hang , Xiao Yu , Liu Bowen , Wang Ting , Wan Bohao
Published: June 2023

In order to improve power regulation capability and system reliability, an interconnected hybrid microgrid (MG) topology with back‐to‐back (BTB) converters is a promising solution, but it also brings new technical challenges to the control system. The paper proposes a two‐level power management and coordinated control strategy for hybrid MG with BTB converters to ensure the stable operation of the system. Firstly, the structure of hybrid MG is analyzed, and model of BTB converters, photovoltaic (PV) cell and battery are established. Secondly, multiple constraints and operation characteristics of DG, ESS, and BTB converters are considered, the detailed operation modes are analyzed, and system‐level power management strategy is developed under grid normal, single‐terminal grid fault, and island operation conditions. A local‐level coordinated control strategy of BTB converters, battery energy storage system (BESS), and PV units is presented to ensure stable operation of the system in multi operation modes. The control coordination between the BTB converters and the ESS can ensure the stability of the AC voltage and frequency in the fault area and achieve uninterrupted power supply for important loads. Meanwhile, voltage recovery and current sharing control are proposed based on the voltage and current information provided by the upper power management system to eliminate DC voltage deviation and realize accurate current allocation. The current sharing and voltage recovery control is embedded in the local devices and will not have any impact on the upper power management system. Finally, the effectiveness of proposed method is verified by simulation and experimental results.
DeepIFC: Virtual fluorescent labeling of blood cells in imaging flow cytometry data with deep learning
Authors: Timonen Veera A. , Kerkelä Erja , Impola Ulla , Penna Leena , Partanen Jukka , Kilpivaara Outi , Arvas Mikko , Pitkänen Esa
Published: June 2023

Imaging flow cytometry (IFC) combines flow cytometry with microscopy, allowing rapid characterization of cellular and molecular properties via high‐throughput single‐cell fluorescent imaging. However, fluorescent labeling is costly and time‐consuming. We present a computational method called DeepIFC based on the Inception U‐Net neural network architecture, able to generate fluorescent marker images and learn morphological features from IFC brightfield and darkfield images. Furthermore, the DeepIFC workflow identifies cell types from the generated fluorescent images and visualizes the single‐cell features generated in a 2D space. We demonstrate that rarer cell types are predicted well when a balanced data set is used to train the model, and the model is able to recognize red blood cells not seen during model training as a distinct entity. In summary, DeepIFC allows accurate cell reconstruction, typing and recognition of unseen cell types from brightfield and darkfield images via virtual fluorescent labeling.
Functional trait‐based restoration alters nutrient cycling and invasion rates in Hawaiian lowland wet forest
Authors: DiManno Nicole , Ostertag Rebecca , Uowolo Amanda , Durham Amy , Blakemore Kaikea , Cordell Susan , Vitousek Peter
Published: June 2023

Many degraded ecosystems have altered nutrient dynamics due to invaders’ possessing a suite of traits that allow them to both outcompete native species and alter the environment. In ecosystems where invasive species have increased nutrient turnover rates, it can be difficult to reduce nutrient availability. This study examined whether a functional trait‐based restoration approach involving the planting of species with conservative nutrient‐use traits could slow rates of nutrient cycling and consequently reduce rates of invasion. We examined a functional trait restoration initiative in a heavily invaded lowland wet forest site in Hilo, Hawaiʻi. Native and introduced species were chosen to create four experimental hybrid forest communities, in comparison to the invaded forest, with a factorial design in which communities varied in rates of carbon turnover (slow or moderate [SLOW, MOD]), and in the relationship of species in trait space (redundant or complementary [RED, COMP]). After the first 5 years, we evaluated community‐level outcomes related to nutrient cycling: carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) via litterfall, litter decomposition, and outplant productivity and rates of invasion. We found that (1) regardless of treatment, the experimental communities had low rates of nutrient cycling through litterfall relative to the invaded reference forest, (2) the MOD communities had greater nutrient release via litterfall than the SLOW communities, (3) introduced species had greater nutrient release than native species in the two MOD experimental communities, and (4) within treatments, there was a positive relationship between nutrient levels and outplant basal area, but outplant basal area was negatively associated with rates of invasion. The negative relationships among basal area and weed invasion, particularly for the two COMP treatments, suggest species existing in different parts of trait space may help confer some degree of invasion resistance. The diversification of trait space was facilitated by the use of introduced species, a new concept in Hawaiian forest management. Although challenges remain in endeavors to restore this heavily degraded ecosystem, this study provides evidence that functional trait‐based restoration approaches using carefully crafted hybrid communities can reduce rates of nutrient cycling and invasion in order to reach management goals.
Development of self‐conducting current bypass circuit for series‐connected diodes in high power semiconductor light source
Authors: Iwabuki Hiroyasu , Tamida Taichiro , Iwata Akihiko , Morimoto Shigeo
Published: June 2023

This paper proposes a self‐conducting current bypass circuit for series‐connected diodes in high power semiconductor light source. This circuit enables the main circuit current flow continuously, even if several of the diodes connected in series are open because of breakdowns. Herein, the composition, operation, and circuit design method of the proposed circuit are described. Moreover, the development of a simulation model of the fuse, which is an element of the circuit, is described. Furthermore, the simulation result of the proposed circuit using the fuse model is presented, and the method of determining the circuit constant based on the simulation result is demonstrated. Finally, by connecting a prototype circuit based on this study in parallel with series‐connected diodes, we show that the main circuit current of 60 A flow continuously even when one of the diodes is open.
Design of a linearization model for three‐phase PWM rectifiers for electrochemical machining
Authors: Nakata Atsushi , Goto Akihiro , Mototani Suguru , Torii Akihiro
Published: June 2023

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a processing method for metals that uses a DC power supply and flowing electrolyte. In some cases, discharge occurs during ECM when the gap between the electrode and workpiece, whose distance is rather small, is filled with hydrogen generated via electrolysis. We attempt to utilize a DC inductor placed between the DC supply and the ECM load in order to limit di/dt of the short or discharge current, which damages both the electrode and workpiece. When the output current surges, that is, when discharge occurs, the output voltage is suppressed by the DC inductance. In this paper, we propose a method for designing a PWM rectifier to reduce the discharge current, establish a linear approximation model for use in the PWM rectifier, describe a control method of the PWM rectifier, and demonstrate the efficacy of the model via simulations and experiments.
Performance of a multisensor implantable defibrillator algorithm for heart failure monitoring related to co‐morbidities
Authors: Santobuono Vincenzo Ezio , Favale Stefano , D'Onofrio Antonio , Manzo Michele , Calò Leonardo , Bertini Matteo , Savarese Gianluca , Santini Luca , Dello Russo Antonio , Lavalle Carlo , Viscusi Miguel , Amellone Claudia , Calvanese Raimondo , Arena Giuseppe , Pangallo Antonio , Rapacciuolo Antonio , Porcelli Daniele , Campari Monica , Valsecchi Sergio , Guaricci Andrea Igoren
Published: June 2023

Aims

The HeartLogic algorithm combines multiple implantable defibrillator (ICD) sensor data and has proved to be a sensitive and timely predictor of impending heart failure (HF) decompensation in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT‐D) patients. We evaluated the performance of this algorithm in non‐CRT ICD patients and in the presence of co‐morbidities.

Methods and results

The HeartLogic feature was activated in 568 ICD patients (410 with CRT‐D) from 26 centres. The median follow‐up was 26 months [25th–75th percentile: 16–37]. During follow‐up, 97 hospitalizations were reported (53 cardiovascular) and 55 patients died. We recorded 1200 HeartLogic alerts in 370 patients. Overall, the time IN the alert state was 13% of the total observation period. The rate of cardiovascular hospitalizations or death was 0.48/patient‐year (95% CI: 0.37–0.60) with the HeartLogic IN the alert state and 0.04/patient‐year (95% CI: 0.03–0.05) OUT of the alert state, with an incidence rate ratio of 13.35 (95% CI: 8.83–20.51, P < 0.001). Among patient characteristics, atrial fibrillation (AF) on implantation (HR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.27–2.07, P < 0.001) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (HR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.21–1.93, P < 0.001) independently predicted alerts. HeartLogic alerts were not associated with CRT‐D versus ICD implantation (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.82–1.30, P = 0.775). Comparisons of the clinical event rates in the IN alert state with those in the OUT of alert state yielded incidence rate ratios ranging from 9.72 to 14.54 (all P < 0.001) in all groups of patients stratified by: CRT‐D/ICD, AF/non‐AF, and CKD/non‐CKD. After multivariate correction, the occurrence of alerts was associated with cardiovascular hospitalization or death (HR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.05–3.51, P = 0.036).

Conclusions

The burden of HeartLogic alerts was similar between CRT‐D and ICD patients, while patients with AF and CKD seemed more exposed to alerts. Nonetheless, the ability of the HeartLogic algorithm to identify periods of significantly increased risk of clinical events was confirmed, regardless of the type of device and the presence of AF or CKD.
Identification of a novel splicing‐altering LAMP2 variant in a Chinese family with Danon disease
Authors: Fu Di , Wang Shuai , Luo Yonghong , Wu Sha , Peng Daoquan
Published: June 2023

Aims

This study aimed to identify a novel splicing‐altering LAMP2 variant associated with Danon disease.

Methods and results

To identify the potential genetic mutation in a Chinese pedigree, whole‐exome sequencing was conducted in the proband, and Sanger sequencing was performed on the proband's parents. To verify the impact of the splice‐site variant, a minigene splicing assay was applied. The AlphaFold2 analysis was used to analyse the mutant protein structure. A splice‐site variant (NM_013995.2:c.864+5G>A) located at intron 6 of the LAMP2 gene was identified as a potential pathogenic variant. The minigene splicing revealed that this variant causes exon 6 to be skipped, resulting in a truncated protein. The AlphaFold2 analysis showed that the mutation caused a protein twist direction change, leading to conformational abnormality.

Conclusions

A novel splice‐site variant (NM_013995.2:c.864+5G>A) located at intron 6 of the LAMP2 gene was identified. This discovery may enlarge the LAMP2 variant spectrum, promote accurate genetic counselling, and contribute to the diagnosis of Danon disease.
Sleep and respiratory abnormalities in adults with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies using polysomnography and video‐EEG monitoring
Authors: Sivathamboo Shobi , Myers Kenneth A. , Pattichis Andreas , White Elise J. , Ku Ka Nyuk , O'Brien Terence J. , Perucca Piero , Kwan Patrick
Published: June 2023

This study evaluated sleep and respiratory abnormalities, and their relationship with seizures, in adults with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs). We studied consecutive adults with DEEs undergoing inpatient video‐EEG monitoring and concurrent polysomnography between December 2011 and July 2022. Thirteen patients with DEEs were included (median age: 31 years, range: 20–50; 69.2% female): Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (n = 6), Lennox–Gastaut syndrome‐like phenotype (n = 2), Landau–Kleffner syndrome (n = 1), epilepsy with myoclonic‐atonic seizures (n = 1), and unclassified DEEs (n = 3). Sleep architecture was often fragmented by epileptiform discharges and seizures resulting in arousals (median arousal index: 29.0 per h, range: 5.1–65.3). Moderate‐to‐severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was observed in seven patients (53.8%). Three patients (23.1%) had tonic seizures that frequently occurred with central apnea; one met criteria for mild central sleep apnea. Of the patients with tonic seizures, two had other identifiable seizure manifestations, but in one patient, central apnea was commonly the only discernable seizure manifestation. Polysomnography during video‐EEG is an effective diagnostic tool in detecting sleep and seizure‐related respiratory abnormalities. Clinically significant OSA may increase the risk of comorbid cardiovascular disease and premature mortality. Treatment of epilepsy may improve sleep quality, and conversely, improved sleep, may decrease seizure burden.
Predicting the Kinetics of Resupply of Organic Pollutants from Sediments Using Diffusive Gradients in Thin Film Samplers and their Bioavailability to Aquatic Invertebrates
Authors: Ji Xiaowen , Arenas Catherine Estefany Davila , Perez Ana Sharelys Cardenas , Giesy John P. , Brinkmann Markus
Published: June 2023

The present study used diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT) samplers deployed in situ at a wastewater-impacted site (Clarkboro Ferry) for 20 days to develop a predictive model between time-weighted mean concentrations of seven selected antipsychotic compounds in water and those in resident benthic invertebrates, specifically crayfish (Faxonius virilis). The model was further combined with a model of desorption of antipsychotic compounds to predict kinetics at the sediment–water interface. Antipsychotic compounds were mostly detected in adult crayfish and internal concentrations were similar among targeted compounds, except for lesser concentrations of duloxetine. The model, based on the mass balance of organic chemicals, to predict uptake by organisms exhibited good agreement with measured values (R2 = 0.53−0.88), except for venlafaxine (R2 = 0.35). At the sediment–water interface, positive fluxes were observed for antipsychotic compounds and the results from DGT-induced fluxes in sediments (DIFS) coupled with equilibrium hydroxyl-β-cyclodextrin extraction further indicated partial resupply of antipsychotic compounds from sediments to the aqueous phase, despite the labile pool being relatively limited. The results of the present study affirm that DGT techniques can be used as a predictive tool for contamination in benthic invertebrates and can simulate the ability of contaminant resupply from sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1696–1708. © 2023 SETAC.
The effect of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on comutations based on next‐generation sequencing in adult acute myeloid leukemia patients with the FLT3‐ITD mutation
Authors: Tang Feifei , Zhao Xiaosu , Ruan Guorui , Jiang Qian , Jiang Hao , Xu Lanping , Wang Yu , Zhang Xiaohui , Liu Kaiyan , Huang Xiaojun
Published: June 2023

According to the 2022 European LeukemiaNet, all acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases with FLT3‐ITD mutations are now categorized as intermediate risk irrespective of the FLT3‐ITD allelic ratio or concurrent presence of NPM1 mutation. However, whether other next‐generation sequencing (NGS) comutation genes can add layers to FLT3‐ITD and whether the poor outcomes of FLT3‐ITD comutations can be overcome by haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo‐HSCT) are unclear. This study aimed to investigate which comutations based on NGS at diagnosis affect the clinical prognosis of de novo AML patients with FLT3‐ITD mutations and the effect of haplo‐HSCT on comutations. We analyzed 95 de novo AML patients with FLT3‐ITD mutations from January 2018 to August 2021 based on the NGS 99‐gene platform. Forty‐one other types of molecular mutations were detected. The most common cooccurring mutations were NPM1 (n = 43, 45.3%) and DNMT3A (n = 21, 22.1%). NPM1 mutation did not affect the clinical outcomes. Acute myeloid leukemia patients with FLT3‐ITD and DNMT3A comutations had significantly worse 3‐year Disease‐free survival (DFS) (49.5% vs. 69.3%, P = 0.01) and Overall survival (OS) rates (61.1% vs. 69.8%, P = 0.54) than those without DNMT3A mutations, and survival was significantly more favorable after haplo‐HSCT than that after chemotherapy (3‐year DFS, 85.7% vs. 30.8%, P = 0.006; 3‐year OS, 85.7% vs. 43.1%, p = 0.08). In multivariate analysis, DNMT3A mutation was a risk factor for DFS, while haplo‐HSCT was a protective factor. In conclusion, DNMT3A mutation might be a poor prognostic factor in adult AML patients with FLT3‐ITD mutations, and haplo‐HSCT could overcome the poor prognosis of DNMT3A comutation.
MHD steady natural convection in a vertical porous channel in the presence of point/line heat source/sink: An exact solution
Authors: Jha Basant K. , Altine Muhammad M. , Hussaini Ayyub M.
Published: June 2023

This study focuses on the steady free convection of an electrically conducting viscous and incompressible fluid in a vertically oriented porous channel with a line/point heat source/sink (point/line heat generation/absorption) at different channel positions in the coexistence of magnetic and suction/injection parameters. The constant heat source/sink parameters, which mathematically define the line heat source/sink, are modeled using the Heaviside step function. The Laplace transform procedure was applied to find the precise expression for the dimensionless governing equations that make up the flow model. Investigations were conducted on flow patterns with line graphs to visually depict the function of the magnetic, suction/injection, and heat generation parameters. The tabular simulations of results demonstrate that increasing the suction/injection parameter can result in a decrease in the mass flow rate by 8.9%. Similarly, increasing the magnetic parameter causes the mass flow rate to drop by almost 27%. Furthermore, with an improvement in the magnetic and suction/injection parameters, frictional force and mass flux values declined. An upsurge in the magnetic fieldand suction/injection parameters causes a rise in skin friction and mass flux near the left surface and a decline at around the right surface as the point heat source extends over a region.
Optical method supported by machine learning for urinary tract infection detection and urosepsis risk assessment
Authors: Wityk Paweł , Sokołowski Patryk , Szczerska Małgorzata , Cierpiak Kacper , Krawczyk Beata , Markuszewski Michał J.
Published: June 2023

The study presents an optical method supported by machine learning for discriminating urinary tract infections from an infection capable of causing urosepsis. The method comprises spectra of spectroscopy measurement of artificial urine samples with bacteria from solid cultures of clinical E. coli strains. To provide a reliable classification of results assistance of 27 algorithms was tested. We proved that is possible to obtain up to 97% accuracy of the measurement method with the use of use of machine learning. The method was validated on urine samples from 241 patients. The advantages of the proposed solution are the simplicity of the sensor, mobility, versatility, and low cost of the test.
Heterogeneity in children's reading comprehension difficulties: A latent class approach
Authors: James Emma , Thompson Paul A. , Bowes Lucy , Nation Kate
Published: June 2023

Background

Poor comprehenders are traditionally identified as having below‐average reading comprehension, average‐range word reading, and a discrepancy between the two. While oral language tends to be low in poor comprehenders, reading is a complex trait and heterogeneity may go undetected by group‐level comparisons.

Methods

We took a preregistered data‐driven approach to identify poor comprehenders and examine whether multiple distinct cognitive profiles underlie their difficulties. Latent mixture modelling identified reading profiles in 6846 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, based on reading and listening comprehension assessments at 8–9 years. A second mixture model examined variation in the cognitive profiles of weak comprehenders, using measures of reading, language, working memory, nonverbal ability, and inattention.

Results

A poor comprehender profile was not identified by the preregistered model. However, by additionally controlling for overall ability, a 6‐class model emerged that incorporated a profile with relatively weak comprehension (N = 947, 13.83%). Most of these children had weak reading comprehension in the context of good passage reading, accompanied by weaknesses in vocabulary and nonverbal ability. A small subgroup showed more severe comprehension difficulties in the context of additional cognitive impairments.

Conclusions

Isolated impairments in specific components of reading are rare, yet a data‐driven approach can be used to identify children with relatively weak comprehension. Vocabulary and nonverbal ability were most consistently weak within this group, with broader cognitive difficulties also apparent for a subset of children. These findings suggest that poor comprehension is best characterised along a continuum, and considered in light of multiple risks that influence severity.
Extracellular vesicles enhance pulmonary transduction of stably associated adeno‐associated virus following intratracheal administration
Authors: Kwak Gijung , Gololobova Olesia , Sharma Neeraj , Caine Colin , Mazur Marina , Mulka Kathleen , West Natalie E. , Solomon George M. , Cutting Garry R. , Witwer Kenneth W. , Rowe Steven M. , Paulaitis Michael , Aslanidi George , Suk Jung Soo
Published: June 2023

Adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vector has shown multiple clinical breakthroughs, but its clinical implementation in inhaled gene therapy remains elusive due to difficulty in transducing lung airway cells. We demonstrate here AAV serotype 6 (AAV6) associated with extracellular vesicles (EVs) and secreted from vector‐producing HEK‐293 cells during vector preparation (EVAAV6) as a safe and highly efficacious gene delivery platform for inhaled gene therapy applications. Specifically, we discovered that EVAAV6 provided markedly enhanced reporter transgene expression in mucus‐covered air‐liquid interface (ALI) cultures of primary human bronchial and nasal epithelial cells as well as in mouse lung airways compared to standard preparations of AAV6 alone. Of note, AAV6 has been previously shown to outperform other clinically tested AAV serotypes, including those approved by the FDA for treating non‐lung diseases, in transducing ALI cultures of primary human airway cells. We provide compelling experimental evidence that the superior performance of EVAAV6 is attributed to the ability of EV to facilitate mucus penetration and cellular entry/transduction of AAV6. The tight and stable linkage between AAV6 and EVs appears essential to exploit the benefits of EVs given that a physical mixture of individually prepared EVs and AAV6 failed to mediate EV‐AAV6 interactions or to enhance gene transfer efficacy.
Sensitivity comparison of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with Cold EI and standard EI
Authors: Amirav Aviv , Yakovchuk Alex
Published: June 2023

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) with Cold EI is based on interfacing GC and MS with supersonic molecular beams (SMBs) along with electron ionization of vibrationally cold sample compounds in SMB in a fly‐through ion source (hence the name Cold EI). Cold EI improves all the central performance aspects of GC–MS, and in this paper, we focus on its improvement of signal‐to‐noise ratio (S/N) and limits of detection (LODs). We found that the harder the compound for analysis with standard EI, the greater the Cold EI gain in S/N and LOD. The lower LOD and higher S/N of Cold EI emerge from a few reasons: (a) similar ionization yield as standard EI, (b) enhanced abundance of molecular ions, (c) elimination of vacuum background noise, (d) elimination of ion source‐related peak tailing and degradation, (e) ability to lower the elution temperatures via the use of high column flow rates, and (f) greater range of thermally labile and low‐volatility compounds that can be analyzed. We demonstrate the superior S/N and lower LOD of Cold EI versus standard EI in a range of compounds, from the simple‐to‐analyze octafluoronaphthalene all the way to reserpine and an organo‐metallic compound that cannot be analyzed by standard EI. These compounds include methyl stearate, cholesterol, n‐C32H66, large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioctyl phthalates, diundecyl phthalate, pentachlorophenol, benzidine, lambda‐cyhalothrin, and methidathion. The significantly lower Cold EI LODs that can be over 1000 times better than in standard EI further result in far superior response linearity and greater measurement dynamic range.
Oxidative stress following spinal cord injury: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic targets
Authors: Yu Mengsi , Wang Zhiying , Wang Dongmin , Aierxi Milikemu , Ma Zhanjun , Wang Yonggang
Published: June 2023

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a medical condition that results from severe trauma to the central nervous system; it imposes great psychological and economic burdens on affected patients and their families. The dynamic balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants is essential for maintaining normal cellular physiological functions. As important intracellular signaling molecules, ROS regulate numerous physiological activities, including vascular reactivity and neuronal function. However, excessive ROS can cause damage to cellular macromolecules, including DNA, lipids, and proteins; this damage eventually leads to cell death. This review discusses the mechanisms of oxidative stress in SCI and describes some signaling pathways that regulate oxidative injury after injury, with the aim of providing guidance for the development of novel SCI treatment strategies.
Clarifying the association between adverse childhood experiences and postdeployment posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity: A meta‐analysis and large‐sample investigation
Authors: Crede Marcus , Tynan Michael , Harms Peter D. , Lester Paul B.
Published: June 2023

We report on two studies designed to shed light on the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity in military personnel. In particular, we examined the evidence for both additive and multiplicative associations between ACEs and combat exposure in predicting PTSD symptom severity. Study 1 was a meta‐analysis of 50 samples (N > 50,000), and we found evidence for a moderate linear association between ACEs and PTSD symptom severity, ρ = .24. We also found that ACEs explained substantial variance in PTSD symptom severity after controlling for combat exposure, ΔR2 = .048. In Study 2, which is preregistered, we relied on a large sample of combat‐deployed U.S. soldiers (N > 6,000) to examine evidence of a multiplicative association between ACEs and combat exposure in predicting PTSD symptom severity. In line with theoretical arguments that individuals who have experienced childhood trauma are more vulnerable to subsequent trauma exposure, we found a weak but meaningful interaction effect, ΔR2 = .00, p < .001, between ACEs and deployment‐related traumatic events in the prediction of PTSD symptom severity. Implications for clinical applications and future research are discussed.