bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diffusion-Limited Reaction Kinetics of a Reactant with Square Reactive Patches on a Plane
Authors: Eun Changsun
Published: October 2020

We present a simple reaction model to study the influence of the size, number, and spatial arrangement of reactive patches on a reactant placed on a plane. Specifically, we consider a reactant whose surface has an N × N square grid structure, with each square cell (or patch) being chemically reactive or inert for partner reactant molecules approaching the cell via diffusion. We calculate the rate constant for various cases with different reactive N × N square patterns using the finite element method. For N = 2, 3, we determine the reaction kinetics of all possible reactive patterns in the absence and presence of periodic boundary conditions, and from the analysis, we find that the dependences of the kinetics on the size, number, and spatial arrangement are similar to those observed in reactive patches on a sphere. Furthermore, using square reactant models, we present a method to significantly increase the rate constant by sequentially breaking the patches into smaller patches and arranging them symmetrically. Interestingly, we find that a reactant with a symmetric patch distribution has a power–law relation between the rate constant and the number of reactive patches and show that this works well when the total reactive area is much less than the total surface area of the reactant. Since our N × N discrete models enable us to examine all possible reactive cases completely, they provide a solid understanding of the surface reaction kinetics, which would be helpful for understanding the fundamental aspects of the competitions between reactive patches arising in real applications.
An Integral Operational Matrix of Fractional-Order Chelyshkov Functions and Its Applications
Authors: Al-Sharif M. S. , Ahmed A. I. , Salim M. S.
Published: October 2020

Fractional differential equations have been applied to model physical and engineering processes in many fields of science and engineering. This paper adopts the fractional-order Chelyshkov functions (FCHFs) for solving the fractional differential equations. The operational matrices of fractional integral and product for FCHFs are derived. These matrices, together with the spectral collocation method, are used to reduce the fractional differential equation into a system of algebraic equations. The error estimation of the presented method is also studied. Furthermore, numerical examples and comparison with existing results are given to demonstrate the accuracy and applicability of the presented method.
Genetic Algorithm Based on Natural Selection Theory for Optimization Problems
Authors: Albadr Musatafa Abbas , Tiun Sabrina , Ayob Masri , AL-Dhief Fahad
Published: October 2020

The metaheuristic genetic algorithm (GA) is based on the natural selection process that falls under the umbrella category of evolutionary algorithms (EA). Genetic algorithms are typically utilized for generating high-quality solutions for search and optimization problems by depending on bio-oriented operators such as selection, crossover, and mutation. However, the GA still suffers from some downsides and needs to be improved so as to attain greater control of exploitation and exploration concerning creating a new population and randomness involvement happening in the population at the solution initialization. Furthermore, the mutation is imposed upon the new chromosomes and hence prevents the achievement of an optimal solution. Therefore, this study presents a new GA that is centered on the natural selection theory and it aims to improve the control of exploitation and exploration. The proposed algorithm is called genetic algorithm based on natural selection theory (GABONST). Two assessments of the GABONST are carried out via (i) application of fifteen renowned benchmark test functions and the comparison of the results with the conventional GA, enhanced ameliorated teaching learning-based optimization (EATLBO), Bat and Bee algorithms. (ii) Apply the GABONST in language identification (LID) through integrating the GABONST with extreme learning machine (ELM) and named (GABONST-ELM). The ELM is considered as one of the most useful learning models for carrying out classifications and regression analysis. The generation of results is carried out grounded upon the LID dataset, which is derived from eight separate languages. The GABONST algorithm has the capability of producing good quality solutions and it also has better control of the exploitation and exploration as compared to the conventional GA, EATLBO, Bat, and Bee algorithms in terms of the statistical assessment. Additionally, the obtained results indicate that (GABONST-ELM)-LID has an effective performance with accuracy reaching up to 99.38%.
Current Knowledge on Snake Dry Bites
Authors: Pucca Manuela B. , Knudsen Cecilie , S. Oliveira Isadora , Rimbault Charlotte , A. Cerni Felipe , Wen Fan Hui , Sachett Jacqueline , Sartim Marco A. , Laustsen Andreas H. , Monteiro Wuelton M.
Published: October 2020

Snake ‘dry bites’ are characterized by the absence of venom being injected into the victim during a snakebite incident. The dry bite mechanism and diagnosis are quite complex, and the lack of envenoming symptoms in these cases may be misinterpreted as a miraculous treatment or as proof that the bite from the perpetrating snake species is rather harmless. The circumstances of dry bites and their clinical diagnosis are not well-explored in the literature, which may lead to ambiguity amongst treating personnel about whether antivenom is indicated or not. Here, the epidemiology and recorded history of dry bites are reviewed, and the clinical knowledge on the dry bite phenomenon is presented and discussed. Finally, this review proposes a diagnostic and therapeutic protocol to assist medical care after snake dry bites, aiming to improve patient outcomes.
Numerical Simulation of Shallow Geothermal Field in Operating of a Ground Source Heat Pump System—A Case Study in Nan Cha Village, Ping Gu District, Beijing
Authors: Zhang Yaobin , Zheng Jia , Liu Aihua , Zhang Qiulan , Shao Jingli , Cui Yali
Published: October 2020

The inefficient use of single energy and cold accumulation in the shallow geothermal field seriously affect the efficient operation of the ground source heat pump system (GSHPS). The operation of solar-assisted GSHPS can effectively solve the above problems. In this paper, a shallow geothermal utilization project in Nan cha Village, Ping Gu District of Beijing, is chosen as the study area. A three-dimensional numerical model of groundwater flow and heat transfer considering ambient temperature and backfill materials is established, and the level of model integration and validation are novel features of this paper. The thermal response test data in summer and winter conditions are used to validate the model. The results show that increasing hydraulic gradient has a positive impact on the heat exchange. The mixture of sand and barite powder is recognized as a more efficient and economical backfill material. The changes of thermal influence radius, heat balance, and shallow geothermal field are simulated and analyzed by three schemes. It is demonstrated that the thermal influence radius is 5 m, 3.9 m and 3.9 m for Scheme 1, Scheme 2 and Scheme 3, respectively. The ground temperature is always lower than the initial formation temperature in Scheme 1 and Scheme 2; however, under Scheme 3 it is higher than the initial values. The closer the hole wall is, the larger the difference between the initial formation temperature and the ground temperature, and vice versa. The thermal equilibrium of Scheme 1, Scheme 2 and Scheme 3 is −728 × 106 KJ, −269 × 106 KJ and +514 × 106 KJ. Through comprehensive analysis of the above three factors, Scheme 3 is regarded as the most reasonable scheme for a solar system to assist GSHPS.
Analyzing the Dependence of Major Tanks in the Headwaters of the Aruvi Aru Catchment on Precipitation. Applying Drought Indices to Meteorological and Hydrological Data
Authors: Saase Robin , Schütt Brigitta , Bebermeier Wiebke
Published: October 2020

This study aims to analyze the dependence of reservoirs (locally called tanks or wewas) in the headwaters of the Aruvi Aru catchment on precipitation and thus to evaluate their efficiency. The Aruvi Aru is located in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka, and numerous human made reservoirs characterize the study area. The methodology is based on the application and correlation of climatic and hydrological drought indices. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is applied to precipitation data at different time scales and the Standardized Water-Level Index (SWLI) is applied to water-level data of five major tanks in the catchment. The results show that near normal present-day average precipitation is appropriate to fill the investigated tanks. The precipitation of the previous 6–12 months has the highest impact on water-level changes. A moderate to strong positive correlation between SWLI and SPI point to other factors besides precipitation affecting the water level of the tanks. These are: (i) catchment size together with the buffering capacity of the upstream catchment and (ii) management practices. As the overall conclusion of our study shows, the tanks functioned efficiently within their system boundaries.
Isotherms, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics of NH4+ Adsorption in Raw Liquid Manure by Using Natural Chabazite Zeolite-Rich Tuff
Authors: Galamini Giulio , Ferretti Giacomo , Medoro Valeria , Tescaro Nicola , Faccini Barbara , Coltorti Massimo
Published: October 2020

The search for safer and sustainable management of animal manure is a global and topical challenge, in particular for the reduction of nitrogen (N) content. The use of natural adsorbents as zeolite-rich tuffs is recognized as a valid method to recover N, in the form of ammonium (NH4+), from animal manure. While the scientific literature is rich in studies performed on synthetic solutions and using clinoptilolite zeolites as adsorbent, it lacks information concerning adsorption in real liquid manure and using other types of zeolite-rich tuffs (e.g., chabazite). This work aims at exploring the NH4+ adsorption process from raw liquid swine manure, using a chabazite-rich zeolite tuff as adsorbent. The effects of temperature, contact time, and grain size have been assessed. Isotherms, kinetic models, and thermodynamic parameters have been investigated. Harkins-Jura isotherm correlates well with the observed data, in accordance with the formation of an adsorption multilayer. Kinetic data have been explained by intraparticle diffusion and pseudo-second-order models. In conclusion, the natural chabazite tuff has proven to be a valid material for NH4+ adsorption from raw liquid swine manure. In particular, to reach the highest adsorption capacities and adsorption rates, it is recommended to use it at a fine particle size and with dosages < 6 %.
Will Maize-Based Cropping Systems Reduce Water Consumption without Compromise of Food Security in the North China Plain?
Authors: Yang Jia , Cui Jixiao , Lv Ziqin , Ran Mengmeng , Sun Beibei , Sui Peng , Chen Yuanquan
Published: October 2020

The winter wheat–summer maize double cropping system caused overexploitation of groundwater in the North China Plain; it is unsustainable and threatens food security and the overall wellbeing of humankind in the region. Finding water-saving cropping systems without compromising food security is a more likely solution. In this study, six alternative cropping systems’ water conservation and food supply capacity were compared simultaneously. A combined water footprint method was applied to analyze the cropping systems’ water consumption. The winter wheat–summer maize system had the largest water consumption (16,585 m3/ha on average), followed by the potato/spring maize, spinach–spring maize, rye–spring maize, vetch–spring maize, pea/spring maize, soybean||spring maize and mono-spring maize cropping systems. For the groundwater, the spinach–spring maize, pea/spring maize, soybean||spring maize systems showed a higher degree of synchronization between crop growth period and rainfall, which could reduce use of groundwater by 36.8%, 54.4% and 57.6%, respectively. For food supply capacity, the values for spinach–spring maize, pea/spring maize, soybean||spring maize systems were 73.0%, 60.8% and 48.4% of winter wheat–summer maize, respectively, but they showed a better feeding efficiency than the winter wheat–summer maize system. On the whole, spinach–spring maize may be a good option to prevent further decline in groundwater level and to ensure food security in a sustainable way.
A Fuzzy Inference System for Seagrass Distribution Modeling in the Mediterranean Sea: A First Approach
Authors: Papaki Dimitra , Kokkos Nikolaos , Sylaios Georgios
Published: October 2020

A Mamdani-type fuzzy-logic model was developed to link Mediterranean seagrass presence to the prevailing environmental conditions. UNEP-WCMC (seagrass presence), CMEMS, and EMODnet (oceanographic/environmental) datasets, along with human-impact parameters were utilized for this expert system. The model structure and input parameters were tested according to their capacity to accurately predict the presence of seagrass families at specific locations. The optimum Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) comprised four input variables: water depth, sea surface temperature, nitrates, and bottom chlorophyll-a concentration, exhibiting reasonable precision (76%). Results illustrated that Posidoniaceae prefers cooler water (16–18 °C) with low chlorophyll-a levels (<0.2 mg/m3); Zosteraceae favors similarly cooler (16–18 °C) and mesotrophic waters (Chl-a > 0.2 mg/m3), but also slightly warmer (18–19.5 °C) with lower Chl-a levels (<0.2 mg/m3); Cymodoceaceae lives in warm, oligotrophic (19.5–21.0 °C, Chl-a < 0.3 mg/m3) to moderately warm mesotrophic sites (18–21.3 °C, 0.3–0.4 mg/m3 Chl-a). Finally, Hydrocharitaceae thrives in the warm Mediterranean waters (21–23 °C) of low chlorophyll-a content (<0.25 mg/m3). Climate change scenarios show that Posidoniaceae and Zosteraceae tolerate bathymetric changes, and Posidoniaceae and Zosteraceae are mostly affected by sea temperature rise, while Hydrocharitaceae exhibits tolerance at higher sea temperatures. This FIS could aid the protection of vulnerable seagrass ecosystems by national and regional policy-makers and public authorities.
Performance Analysis for the Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor Combined with the Forward Osmosis Membrane Bioreactor: Process Conditions Optimization, Wastewater Treatment and Sludge Characteristics
Authors: Ding Yi , Guo Zhansheng , Hou Xuguang , Mei Junxue , Liang Zhenlin , Li Zhipeng , Zhang Chunpeng , Jin Chao
Published: October 2020

The anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR) were operated at 35 °C (H-AnMBR) and 25 °C (L-AnMBR) for long-term wastewater treatment. Two aerobic forward osmosis membrane bioreactors (FOMBRs) were utilized to treat the effluents of H-AnMBR and L-AnMBR, respectively. During the 180 days of operation, it is worth noting that the combined system was feasible, and the pollutant removal efficiency was higher. Though the permeate chemical oxygen demand (COD) of H-AnMBR (18.94 mg/L) was obviously lower than that of L-AnMBR (51.09 mg/L), the permeate CODs of the FOMBRs were almost the same with the average concentrations of 7.57 and 7.58 mg/L for the H-FOMBR and L-FOMBR, respectively. It was interesting that for both the AnMBRs, the permeate total nitrogen (TN) concentration was higher than that in bulk phase. However, the TN concentrations in the effluent remained stable with the values of 20.12 and 15.22 mg/L in the H-FOMBR and L-FOMBR effluents, respectively. For the two systems, the characteristics of activated sludge flocs were different for H-AnMBR-FOMBR sludge and L-AnMBR-FOMBR sludge. The viscosity of L-AnMBR-activated sludge (2.09 Pa·s) was higher compared to that of H-AnMBR (1.31 Pa·s), while the viscosity of activated sludge in L-FOMBR (1.44 Pa·s) was a little lower than that in H-FOMBR (1.48 Pa·s). The capillary water absorption time of L-AnMBR-activated sludge (69.6 s) was higher compared to that of H-AnMBR (49.5 s), while the capillary water absorption time of activated sludge in L-FOMBR (14.6 s) was little lower than that in H-FOMBR (15.6 s). The particle size of H-AnMBR-activated sludge (119.62 nm) was larger than that of L-AnMBR-activated sludge (84.92 nm), but the particle size of H-FOMBR-activated sludge (143.81 nm) was significantly smaller than that of L-FOMBR-activated sludge (293.38 nm). The observations of flocs indicated that the flocs of activated sludge in H-AnMBR were relatively loose, while the flocs of L-AnMBR were relatively tight. The fine sludge floc was less present in the L-FOMBR than in the H-FOMBR. Therefore, in the process of sewage treatment, the influent of each unit in the AnMBR-FOMBR system should have suitable organic content to maintain the particle sizes of sludge flocs.
Using High-Frequency Water Vapor Isotopic Measurements as a Novel Method to Partition Daily Evapotranspiration in an Oak Woodland
Authors: Adkison Christopher , Cooper-Norris Caitlyn , Patankar Rajit , Moore Georgianne W.
Published: October 2020

Partitioning evapotranspiration (ET) into its constituent fluxes (transpiration (T) and evaporation (E)) is important for understanding water use efficiency in forests and other ecosystems. Recent advancements in cavity ringdown spectrometers (CRDS) have made collecting high-resolution water isotope data possible in remote locations, but this technology has rarely been utilized for partitioning ET in forests and other natural systems. To understand how the CRDS can be integrated with more traditional techniques, we combined stable isotope, eddy covariance, and sap flux techniques to partition ET in an oak woodland using continuous water vapor CRDS measurements and monthly soil and twig samples processed using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Furthermore, we wanted to compare the efficacy of δ2H versus δ18O within the stable isotope method for partitioning ET. We determined that average daytime vapor pressure deficit and soil moisture could successfully predict the relative isotopic compositions of soil (δe) and xylem (δt) water, respectively. Contrary to past studies, δ2H and δ18O performed similarly, indicating CRDS can increase the utility of δ18O in stable isotope studies. However, we found a 41–49% overestimation of the contribution of T to ET (fT) when utilizing the stable isotope technique compared to traditional techniques (reduced to 4–12% when corrected for bias), suggesting there may be a systematic bias to the Craig-Gordon Model in natural systems.
The Impact of Land Use Changes on Soil Erosion in the River Basin of Miocki Potok, Montenegro
Authors: Spalevic Velibor , Barovic Goran , Vujacic Dusko , Curovic Milic , Behzadfar Morteza , Djurovic Nevenka , Dudic Branislav , Billi Paolo
Published: October 2020

Land use change in all river basins leads to changes in hydrologic response, soil erosion, and sediment dynamics characteristics. Those changes are often viewed as the main cause of accelerated erosion rates. We studied the impact of land use changes on soil erosion processes in one of the watersheds in Montenegro: the Miocki Potok, using this watershed as a pilot river basin for this area. We simulated responses of soil erosion processes by using a process-oriented soil erosion Intensity of Erosion and Outflow (IntErO) model, with different settings of land use for the years 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. The model provides fast, effective, and affordable insight into the effects of land use change on soil erosion processes. Testing of the applied procedures was important for the further establishment of watershed management methodologies at the national level, for the other 300 river basins of Montenegro. For the current state of land use, calculated peak discharge for the Miocki Potok was 364 m3 s−1 (2020)–372 m3 s−1 (1970) for the incidence of 100 years, and there is a possibility for large flood waves to appear in the studied basin. Real soil losses, Gyear, were calculated at 13680 m3 year−1 (2020) and specific 333 m3 km−2 year−1 (2020). A Z coefficient value of 0.439 (2020) indicated that the river basin belongs to destruction category III. The strength of the erosion process was medium, and according to the erosion type, it was mixed erosion. According to our analysis, the land use changes in the last 50 years influenced a decrease in the soil erosion intensity for 14% in the Miocki Potok River Basin. Further studies should be focused on the detailed analysis of the land use changes trends with the other river basins at the national level, closely following responses of soil erosion to the changed land use structure, and effects of plant-and-soil interaction on soil erosion and sediment dynamics.
Assimilation apparatus of garden roses in Russian wet subtropics
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops, Klemeshova K.V. , Budarin A.A. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops
Published: October 2020

The aim of the research is to develop a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the decorativeness of landscape gardening roses for Russian wet subtropics. This research is based on the study of the biological characteristics of culture in this region. The thorough study of the complex of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the garden rose’s assimilation apparatus is needed to develop a better classification under conditions of Russian wet subtropics. Then the allocation of the most important ones is necessary. The roundness index is the more accurate characteristic of the variety among the morphological parameters of the leaf. It has a smaller variation in comparison with the initial parameters of the leaf. The contents of chlorophyll a and the sum of carotenoids are more accurate characteristics of the variety among the qualitative indicators of the leaf. The calculated sign is the ratio of the sum of green and yellow pigments.
Acoustic characteristics of wall jets over a rough surface
Authors: Arackal Rahul S. , Jothi T.J.S.
Published: October 2020

The effects of surface roughness on the noise emissions from wall jets with a plate length (L) of 40 cm are presented in this article. The surface roughness of the plate considered for the study is in the range of 5 to 19 mm, and the jet velocity at the nozzle exit is varied from 20
to 56 m/s. Acoustic measurements of the different roughness plate wall jets are carried out at a distance of 60 cm from the jet axis and compared with that of a smooth surface. The spectral results indicate that the noise emissions from rough surface wall jets are lower in the frequency range
(0.3â–“3.0 kHz), and the corresponding sound pressure levels are lower by around 5 dB compared to the noise from a smooth surface. Concurrently, the surface roughness is significant in generating higher noise levels by around 5 dB in the frequency range of 3 to 12 kHz compared
to its counterpart.
Case study: Analysis and planning of campus acoustic environment under traffic noise: A case analysis of Shandong University in China
Authors: Ning Qiao , Tong Hao
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this article is to analyze the acoustic environment of the campus under the influence of urban traffic noise and put forward the corresponding noise reduction measures. Taking the Central Campus of Shandong University as an example, this research obtained the noise data
of the traffic inside and around the campus according to field measurement, drew the map of the traffic noise on the campus and analyzed the noise condition of campus from two aspects of the whole campus and the three functional areas â–” living area, sports area, and teaching
area. The results indicated that the traffic noise on the campus mainly comes from the off-campus traffic, and the affected area is concentrated in the edge of the campus; the most serious area is the West dormitory area. Based on the analysis results, this article put forward constructive
suggestions for campus acoustic environment planning and simulated the adjustment of campus planning to improve acoustic environment on the campus.
Practices Of Communication. Literacy, Gestures and Words: Research on Late Medieval Communication
Authors: Arlinghaus Franz-Josef
Published: October 2020

During the centuries we focus on here, people communicated in very refined and highly differentiated ways. Therefore the chapter not only tries to focus on literacy, orality, messengers and rituals, but also attempts to shed light on how a combination of these elements in a given situation worked. The objective is to modify the motion that rituals are irrational and literacy means rationalization. Rituals are increasingly seen as an expression of clever political moves, and charters, books and the reading of texts portrayed as ritualized performances. While dichotomies seem to vanish and teleological narrative is discredited, despite long and intense research efforts, the relationship between rituals, literacy and medieval society is still a story ending with ‘to be continued’.
Introduction to Computer-Aided Learning
Authors: Dhananjaya Gunawardhana L. K. Pulasthi
Published: October 2020

In modern times, technology has taken on a dominant role in many aspects of human life, and computeraided learning (CAL) is an educational tool that makes learning easier. By employing user interface (UI) design it is easy for students to access learning materials and relevant courses. UI design is an important factor for designing useful and usable CAL to appeal to a wide range of users by making the system flexible, attractive, interactive and easy to use.
Drinking-Water Quality and Intestinal Infectious Diseases in a Colombian Department, 2010-2016
Authors: Rivas Dora Cardona , Guzmán Militza Yulain Cardona , López Olga Lucía Ocampo
Published: October 2020

Objective: To characterize the burden of intestinal infectious diseases attributable to drinking-water quality in 27 municipalities in the central region of Colombia.
Materials and methods: A time-trend ecological study. The drinking-water quality of the National Institute of Health and the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies was identified. The disease burden was calculated based on the mortality registered in the National Department of Statistics and the records of morbidity attended by the Social Protection Integrated Information System. The etiological agents reported in morbidity records and the observation of environmental conditions in the municipalities of the study were included. The disease burden was determined according to the methodology recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Presentación
Authors: Távara Córdova Francisco
Published: October 2020

Trata de un logro demandado
¿Aplicación total o combinada de normas penales? A propósito de un (des)acuerdo plenario
Authors: Martín Figueroa Aldo
Published: October 2020

La Corte Suprema, mediante Acuerdo Plenario en mayoría, ha consagrado el principio de combinación de leyes penales. Formalmente, la decisión adoptada no tiene eficacia normativa, pues no refleja una posición unánime lo suficientemente motivada y explicativa de su contenido; siendo sus alcances prácticos muy restringidos. Materialmente, el principio establecido no responde a la tradición legislativa nacional, no es aceptado en la legislación comparada, contradice el uso normal del lenguaje y no se adecua a una interpretación sistemática, lógica, progresiva y adecuada a la Constitución, dado que permite al juez crear una tercera ley que vulnera el principio de separación de poderes, viola el principio de legalidad, genera inseguridad jurídica y no se acomoda a los fines de prevención de la pena.
Nueva Ley de Arbitraje
Authors: Castillo Freyre Mario , Sabroso Minaya Rita
Published: October 2020

Si bien se reconoce el principio de autonomía del arbitraje, ello no implica necesariamente que los tribunales judiciales deban permanecer ajenos al arbitraje. Se trata en el presente artículo la asistencia judicial en la actuación de pruebas en sede arbitral, dado que la falta de imperium de los árbitros hace difícil la producción de determinados medios de prueba. Finalmente, se trata sobre la asistencia judicial en la ejecución de una medida cautelar y en la ejecución del laudo. Sobre este último tema se señala que si bien el laudo encuentra su origen en la voluntad de las partes, no es menos cierto que a menudo debe acudirse a su ejecución forzada.
El imperativo de racionalizar: los empleados públicos en los años ‘30
Authors: Persello Ana Virginia
Published: October 2020

El horizonte  en el que se inscribe este texto se basa en  la relación entre el proceso de democratización y el proceso de racionalización que está en la base de la construcción del estado moderno. Entendemos que parte de esta dilucidación depende de llenar un espacio que la historiografía, para el caso argentino, hace sólo algunas décadas está empezando a ocupar: la construcción del aparato estatal, los derroteros seguidos por sus funcionarios y agencias, los vínculos siempre tensionados entre administración y política. El lugar y tiempo en el que se instalan estas notas es la administración pública en una coyuntura de crisis, los años ’30.La intención no es reconstruir el universo de empleados y funcionarios, cuántos y quiénes, sino recuperar  las percepciones y los diagnósticos que a los legisladores y a la prensa, fundamentalmente, aunque también a la universidad y a los centros y ateneos, les sugería la composición y el  funcionamiento de la administración pública, producto tanto de imaginarios enquistados como de comportamientos concretos y de las respuestas que ensayaron, propusieron y, en mucha menor medida, se implementaron para lograr lo que en el planteo de los actores involucrados suponía la institucionalización de una burocracia racional.  Por otra parte, este recorrido también dará cuenta del modo en que buena parte de las iniciativas surgió de la creación de comisiones ad hoc formadas por políticos, funcionarios y técnicos, modalidad administrativa que, en los años ´30, se difundió no sólo para encontrar soluciones a los que se evaluaban como problemas de la administración sino que se extendió al sistema tributario, el sistema bancario, al control de los gastos y a la producción.
Antonimias institucionales: militancia y burocratización en el ministerio de comunas de Venezuela
Authors: Koerner Lucas Maximilian
Published: October 2020

En este artículo exploro los diferentes modos en que las y los funcionarios(as) del Ministerio de Poder Popular para las Comunas y Movimientos Sociales (MPCyMS) se construyen como agentes políticos en base de un año de trabajo de investigación etnográfica que realicé allí entre 2017 y 2018. Partiendo de una caracterización clasista de la burocracia venezolana y el MPCyMS en particular, examino las concepciones contrastantes de compromiso político que se elaboran en el espacio institucional – orientada hacia la defensa del Gobierno Bolivariano y/o el fortalecimiento del poder popular –, basándose en la literatura sobre la militancia en el Estado. Luego, analizo las antonimias del concepto de burocratismo manejado por las y los funcionarios(as) según sus horizontes militantes. A partir de una corriente más crítica, desarrollo una categoría de burocratización para comprender la manera en que el objetivo político del Ministerio de construir el Estado comunal se subsume por la lógica técnocrata-electoralista propia del petro-Estado venezolano, lo cual provoca conflictos intraburocráticos.
Hibridisasi Ikan Karper (Cyprinus carpio) Rajadanu Dengan Ikan Karper Merah Muntilan di Laboratorium Pengujian Kesehatan Ikan dan Lingkungan (LPKIL) Muntilan, Magelang, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Kukuh Septihandoko  , Mirni Lamid
Published: October 2020

Ikan karper (Cyprinus carpio) merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan air tawar yang menjadi primadona di sub sektor perikanan. Adanya kendala dalam usaha pembenihan yaitu tingkat kelangsungan hidup rendah dan pertumbuhan relatif lambat. Oleh karena itu, hibridisasi dapat diterapkan untuk mendapatkan varietas benih unggul serta produksi tinggi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pengujian Kesehatan Ikan dan Lingkungan (LPKIL) Muntilan Jawa Tengah pada tanggal 17 Desember 2018 hingga 31 Januari 2019. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pengumpulan data, data primer diperoleh dari pengamatan langsung dan data sekunder diperoleh dari studi pustaka. Penelitian ini meliputi kegiatan persiapan kolam, seleksi induk, pemijahan, penetasan telur, pemeliharaan larva, hama dan penyakit serta pemanenan. Parameter yang diamati antara lain fekunditas, fertilization rate, hatching rate dan survival rate. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan nilai fekunditas, FR (Fertilization Rate), HR (Hatching Rate) dan SR (Survival Rate) pada pemijahan semi buatan secara berturut-turut adalah 297.840 butir telur, 78 %; 96 % dan 34,19 %, sedangkan pada pemijahan alami secara berturut-turut adalah 230.400 butir telur, 84 %; 95 % dan 35,43 %.
Manajemen Pemberian Pakan pada Budidaya Ikan Kerapu Macan (Epinephelus fuscogutattus) di Desa Klatakan, Situbondo, Jawa Timur
Authors: Fitriadi Ren , Palupi Mustika , Kusuma Baruna , Galang Prakosa Dimas
Published: October 2020

Kerapu Macan (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) memiliki habitat asli di perairan laut dan merupakan ikan karang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di unit usaha kelola benih unggul Desa Klatakan, Pecaron Kabupaten Situbondo Jawa Timur. Populasi penelitian ini menggunakan 3 bak pemeliharaan larva dan 20 bak kolam pakan alami. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan cara langsung dilapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Larva D2-D30 kerapu macan diberi pakan jenis rotifer  dengan kepadatan  3-10 individu/ml, Nauplius Artemia salina diberikan saat larva D 15 hingga D35 selanjutnya udang rebon diberikan pada saat larva D26-50.  Dosis pemberian VIT C 1%. Dosis pemberian baik untuk rotifer dan naplius Artemia salina adalah 0,6 ppt. Nilai HR (Hatching rate) telur mencapai 80%. Tingkat kematian tertinggi pada hari D3 sebanyak 50 %.
Identifikasi Kandungan Formalin Pada Ikan Segar Yang Dijual Dipasar Mimbo dan Pasar Jangkar Kabupaten Situbondo
Authors: Mardiyah Ulfatul , Jamil Siti Nur Aisyah
Published: October 2020

Formalin merupakan salah satu zat yang dilarang untuk ditambahkan ke dalam bahan pangan sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No.722/MenKes/Per/IV/88. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan formalin pada 10 jenis ikan segar yang dijual di pasar Mimbo dan pasar Jangkar Kabupaten Situbondo secara kualitatif menggunakan tes-kit formalin. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan jenis ikan segar yang positif mengandung formalin yang beredar di pasar Mimbo antara lain ikan tongkol, ikan kembung, ikan makarel, ikan swangi, ikan bawal, ikan teri, ikan kakap dan udang. Sedangkan ikan segar yang terdeteksi mengandung formalin yang beredar di pasar Jangkar antara lain  ikan swangi, ikan bawal, ikan kakap dan udang.
Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Pembenihan Ikan Kerapu Cantang (Epinephelus sp.) di Desa Blitok, Situbondo
Authors: Palupi Mustika , Fitriadi Ren , Galang Prakosa Dimas , Budhi Pramono Taufik
Published: October 2020

Perkembangan budidaya laut dari tahun ketahun terjadi peningkatan, usaha perikanan skala rumah tangga banyak berkembang di daerah pesisir Kabupaten Situbondo dikelola oleh pembudidaya ikan hanya atas dasar milik mereka sendiri modal dan pengalaman, tetapi tanpa mempertimbangkan keuangan aspek kelayakan bisnis dan konservasi lahan buidaya. Tujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan usaha, volume dan nilai produksi budidaya kerapu cantang. Data primer dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis kelayakan bisnis melalui pendekatan kriteria investasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Hasil yang didapatkan adalah  BEP unit: 265.506.000 ekor, BEP harga : 42.657.325 / tahun, B/C Ratio:  1,30 dan Pay back period 2,1.
Ekstrak Daun Salam (Eugenia polyantha, Weight.) sebagai Pengawet Alami pada Ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos)
Authors: Yanestria Sheila Marty , Rahayu Asih , Chrystin Rambu Uru Bunna , Yoppy Ro Chandra Adhitya
Published: October 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun salam sebagai pengawet alami pada ikan bandeng di tambak Sidoarjo. Parameter pada penelitian ini adalah organoleptik, pH dan total koloni bakteri pada ikan bandeng. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan dengan jumlah ulangan sebanyak 5 kali. Kelompok perlakuan P0 (tanpa perlakuan) sebagai kontrol, P1 (ekstrak daun salam 5%), P2 (ekstrak daun salam 10%), P3 (ekstrak daun salam 15%) dan P4 (ekstrak daun salam 20%). Hasil analisis statistik uji Total Koloni Bakteri serta uji pH menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (p<0,05), begitu pula dengan hasil analisis statistik uji organoleptik yang menunjukkan perbedaan nyata tiap perlakuan. Berdasarkan hasil data yang ada, disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh ekstrak daun salam sebagai pengawet alami pada ikan bandeng terutama pada konsentrasi daun salam sebesar 20%.
Growth differentiation factor 15 as an integral marker of the clinical and functional status of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Gizatulina T. P. , Martyanova L. U. , Petelina T. I. , Zueva E. V. , Shirokov N. E.
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15) is known to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, as well as major bleeding in patients (pts) with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). Since GDF-15 is expressed by a wide array of cells in response to inflammation and myocardial stress, it is interesting to study which clinical and functional parameters are most associated with the level of GDF-15 in pts with non-valvular AF and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.

Aim. To study the relationship of GDF-15 level in blood serum with parameters of clinical and functional status and to determine independent predictors of GDF-15 level in pts with non-valvular AF.

Material and methods. 87 pts with non-valvular AF were studied, with an average age of 56.9±9.2 years. A general clinical examination, echocardiography and laboratory tests were performed, including fasting serum glucose (mmol/l),highly sensitive C-reactive protein (h/s CRP) (mg/l), creatinine level (mkmol/l) and subsequent calculation of glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73m2), and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (pg/ml). The level of GDF15 (pg/ml) in blood serum was determined using an enzyme immunoassay with the help of the human GDF-15/MIC-1 ELISA analytical kit (BioVender, Czech Republic).

Results. The increase in the GDF-15 level was associated with ageing, ischemic heart disease, severity of arterial hypertension and heart failure, raising the risk of stroke, according to the scale CHA2DS2-VASc, disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism and obesity, increasing the levels h/s CRP and NT-proBNP, enlargement of the right and left atria, signs of diastolic left ventricular dysfunction and structural remodeling in the form of eccentric hypertrophy. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed 2 independent predictors of GDF-15 levels: age and fasting glucose.

Conclusion. GDF-15 appears as an integral biomarker of age-related metabolic disorders and structural and functional changes in the heart, which opens up prospects for further study of its prognostic significance in pts with non-valvular AF.
Noninvasive arrhythmia mapping and ablation - myth or reality?
Authors: Revishvili A. Sh.
Published: October 2020

The Editorial paper is related to a recently published article “Prospects for non-invasive ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients with structural heart disease” by Korolyev S. V. and co-authors in the Journal of Arrhythmology. Current advantages and problems of stereotactic radioablation are highlighted.
Successful management of several types of fascicular ventricular tachycardias in an 1-year old girl using a combined pharmacological and invasive approach
Authors: Dishekov M. R , Rzaev F. G. , Gorev M. V. , Nardaya Sh. G. , Efremov S. O. , Abramyan M. A.
Published: October 2020

Idiopathic fascicular ventricular tachycardia (VT), which in most cases is sensitive to verapamil, is eliminated with high efficiency using radiofrequency ablation (RFA). In this case, we would like to demonstrate our experience of the effective use of catheter RFA in a 12-month-old child who suffered from frequent recurrent VT paroxysms accompanied by syncope.
PERANCANGAN MESIN PENCACAH TUMBUHAN NILAM DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PISAU PLANER
Authors: Porawati Hilda , Darmuji Darmuji
Published: October 2020

Peningkatan kapasitas produksi menjadi peranan penting dalam meningkatkan ekonomi petani tumbuhan nilam. Mesin pencacah tumbuhan nilam memiliki komponen utama yaitu motor bakar, sistem transmisi tunggal, poros, dudukan pisau serta pisau pencacah. Analisis teknik meliputi perencanaan daya rencana, siste transmisi, poros serta fabrikasi. Hasil perancangan mesin pencacah tumbuhan nilam di dapatkan bahwa mesin penggerak menggunakan motor bensin dengan daya 5,5 menghasilkan daya output maksimal 4,101 kW. Diameter pulley mesin penggerak adalah 76,2 mm, dan diameter pulley poros adalah 176,8 mm dengan jarak antar sumbu poros adalah 500 mm. Pulley motor penggerak dan pulley poros pisau pencacah di hubungkan dengan menggunakan V-Belt jenis A54. Dimensi pisau planer yang digunakan adalah 300x30x3 mm. Perancangan rangka menggunakan besi siku 40 x 40 mm dengan dimensi mesin 800x800x500 mm.

Kata kunci : Mesin Pencacah, Tumbuhan Nilam, Planer
Importancia de difundir los trabajos de investigación en enfermería
Authors: Urure Velazco Isabel N.
Published: October 2020

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ESTRATEGIAS DE APRENDIZAJE DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE LA FACULTAD DE ENFERMERÍA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL SAN LUIS GONZAGA DE ICA, Y SU RELACIÓN CON EL RENDIMIENTO ACADÉMICO, CICLO 2012-II”
Authors: Quispe Quispe Zonia
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre las estrategias de aprendizaje y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga de Ica - Perú Material y Métodos: Se adaptó el cuestionario ACRA, validado y confiabilizado mediante alfa de Cronbach (0,841), utilizándose las actas consolidadas del 2012-II. El estudio fue exploratorio, descriptivo, correlacional, aplicado a 139 estudiantes distribuidos del I al VIII Ciclo de estudios. La hipótesis de investigación se probó mediante Ji cuadrada para 95% de confianza. Resultados: Se encontró que 41,7% de los estudiantes utilizan estrategias de apoyo al procesamiento, 36% de recuperación, 14,4% de adquisición y 7,9% de codificación. El 58,4% de los estudiantes que tienen rendimiento académico inferior al promedio utilizan la estrategia de procesamiento, 43,7% de los que tienen rendimiento alto y 29% de los que tienen rendimiento promedio también. 40% de los estudiantes con rendimiento promedio usan estrategias de recuperación de la información para su aprendizaje. Mediante Ji cuadrada se probó que no existe relación significativa entre las estrategias y el rendimiento académico. Las medias aritméticas indican los índices para las estrategias de procesamiento (3,04), similar a las de recuperación (3,00), ligeramente superior a las estrategias de adquisición (2,84) y codificación (2,75) en una escala máxima de 4.0. Conclusiones: No existe relación significativa entre estrategias de aprendizaje y el rendimiento académico, las estrategias de aprendizaje más predominantes son: 41,7%, 36%, 14,4% y 7,9% correspondiéndole a: procesamiento, recuperación de la información, adquisición y codificación respectivamente.
RIESGOS ERGONÓMICOS DE LOS PROFESIONALES DE ENFERMERIA QUE LABORAN EN LAS AREAS CRITICAS DE LOS HOSPITALES DEL MINSA Y Es-SALUD DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE ICA –2009
Authors: Curro Urbano Olga M. , Pecho Tataje Marianela
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Identificar los riesgos ergonbómicos a los que los profesionales de enfermería, que trabajan en áreas críticas de hospitales del MINSA y ESSALUD-, están expuestos. Se incluyeron enfermeras que trabajan en los servicios críticos (salas de emergencia y de operaciones, unidades de cuidados intensivos e intermedios y las unidades de hemodiálisis) que realizan atención directa al paciente adulto hospitalizado. Material y Métodos: Se utilizó el método descriptivo de corte transversal. La población estuvo conformada por las enfermeras de los hospitales de Ica. Se utilizó un cuestionario para evaluar los riesgos ergonómicos a los que fueron expuestas. La muestra consistió en 59 (40,7%) profesionales de enfermería de los hospitales del MINSA y 86 (59,3%) enfermeras de los hospitales de ESSALUD. Resultados: El análisis sociodemográfico mostró un predominio del sexo femenino en los hospitales del MINSA (50; 34,5%) y ESSALUD (84; 57,9%), predominaron las edades 46 a 50 años en las enfermeras del MINSA (18; 12,4%) y 51-55 años en las enfermeras de ESSALUD (22; 15,2%). El tiempo de servicio en la institución es de 11-15 años de enfermeras de hospitales del MINSA (17; 11,7%) y de 6 a 10 años en los hospitales de ESSALUD (28; 19,3%). Los resultados muestran que las enfermeras (MINSA: 38; 26,2% - ESSALUD: 57; 39,3%), tienen dolor leve en la espalda por estar de pie durante más de 06 horas (valor de Pearson Chi cuadrado = 7,793 y el valor p = 0,05 S ); también (MINSA: 30; 20,7% - ESSALUD: 52; 35,9%) tienen dolor leve en la espalda al levantar cargas superiores a 15 kg (valor de Pearson Chi cuadrado = 11,629 y el valor de p <0,05 S). Por otra parte, las enfermeras (MINSA: 44; 30,3% - ESSALUD: 47; 32,4%) presentan dolor cervical leve cuando se movilizan los pacientes (valor de Pearson Chi cuadrado = 0,603 y el valor de p <0,05 S). Conclusiones: La mejora de las condiciones de trabajo mediante la incorporación de procedimientos de control de prevención es una necesidad.
LA SEXUALIDAD EN ADULTOS MAYORES
Authors: Alvarado Alfaro Susana
Published: October 2020

Objetivos: Conocer la sexualidad en los adultos mayores, a partir de una revisión de investigaciones previas, realizadas en el ámbito internacional; Material y métodos: investigación no experimental, cualitativa, descriptiva retrospectiva, transversal. Se han utilizado como instrumentos de recojo de información fichas, y como técnicas la observación, el análisis, y la síntesis, el método seleccionado fue el deductivo. Se revisaron 15 investigaciones realizadas en diversos países referidas a la sexualidad del adulto mayor. Resultados: Se han encontrado algunas descripciones sobre actitudes sexuales, en diversos pueblos con anterioridad al año 100 Antes de Cristo, y recién en el siglo XX se empieza a investigar la sexualidad desde el punto de vista científico, con los aportes de Balzac, Jung (1969) y Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). Existen factores y mitos que afectan y están relacionados con la sexualidad del adulto mayor. La existencia de un declive gradual con la edad, en la actividad e interés sexual, en el caso de los varones se produce a partir de los 60 años, la actividad sexual más frecuente son las caricias y tocamientos, seguidas del coito, también se observa una mayor actividad sexual en las mujeres mayores que han tenido intensa actividad sexual en la juventud. Un alto número (74% hombres, 42% mujeres) practican la masturbación, la relevancia del sexo decae a partir de los 56 años de edad, llegando a considerarse como nada o poco importante en el 57% de las personas mayores de 65 años. Conclusiones: La sexualidad incluye todas las formas de expresión, desde la aproximación, el tacto, la intimidad emocional, la compañía, la masturbación y no solamente el coito. Es un aspecto importante que en la vejez debe continuar siendo una fuente de placer y no una fuente de inquietud y frustración.