bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engineering a polyoxometalate-based metal organic framework with more exposed active edge sites of Ag for visible light-driven selective oxidation of cis-cyclooctene
Authors: Lin Xiaoling , Zhang Mengling , Zhu Mengmeng , Huang Hui , Shi Chunfeng , Liu Yang , Kang Zhenhui
Published: August 2018

The polyoxometalate-based MOF with exposed active edge sites of Ag was designed for visible light-driven selective oxidation of cis-cyclooctene.
Annealing temperature effects on photoelectrochemical performance of bismuth vanadate thin film photoelectrodes
Authors: Shi Le , Zhuo Sifei , Abulikemu Mutalifu , Mettela Gangaiah , Palaniselvam Thangavelu , Rasul Shahid , Tang Bo , Yan Buyi , Saleh Navid B. , Wang Peng
Published: August 2018

The effects of annealing treatment on crystallization behavior, grain size, electrochemical (EC) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performances of bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) thin films are investigated in this work.
Efficient hydrogen generation from water using nanocomposite flakes based on graphene and magnesium
Authors: Bartali R. , Speranza G. , Aguey-Zinsou K. F. , Testi M. , Micheli V. , Canteri R. , Fedrizzi M. , Gottardi G. , Coser G. , Crema L. , Pucker G. , Setijadi E. , Laidani N.
Published: August 2018

Water, through a metal–water reaction, is an appealing candidate to store and release hydrogen (H2), in particular as a portable, easy to use energy storage source.
Rheology and microstructure of concentrated microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)/1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl)/water mixtures
Authors: Rajeev Ashna , Deshpande Abhijit P. , Basavaraj Madivala G.
Published: August 2018

Water added to a solution of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) reduces the solvent quality and causes significant changes in the flow properties and microstructure due to restructuring and aggregation of cellulose molecules.
Effect of graphene on the absorption of methanol and crack healing in poly(methyl methacrylate)-based composites
Authors: Lin Zu-wen , Yang Fuqian , Lee Sanboh
Published: August 2018

Methanol-assisted crack healing in PMMA-based composites.
A chloroquine-loaded Prussian blue platform with controllable autophagy inhibition for enhanced photothermal therapy
Authors: Ma Yan , Chen Huajian , Hao Baimei , Zhou Junhong , He Gang , Miao Zhaohua , Xu Yan , Gao Li , Zhou Wei , Zha Zhengbao
Published: August 2018

A controllable CQ delivery platform consisting of hollow mesoporous Prussian blue nanoparticles and phase changing material was developed here to realize tumor specific autophagy inhibition for enhanced PTT.
High-performance hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes with simple emitting structures and low efficiency roll-off based on blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters with bipolar transport characteristics
Authors: Zhao Chenyang , Zhang Tianmu , Chen Jiangshan , Yan Donghang , Ma Dongge
Published: August 2018

Highly efficient and low efficiency roll-off WOLEDs by simple insertion of multi-ultrathin phosphorescent layers within blue TADF emitters.
The cloak, dagger, and shield: proteases in plant–pathogen interactions
Authors: Hou Shuguo , Jamieson Pierce , He Ping
Published: August 2018

Plants sense the presence of pathogens or pests through the recognition of evolutionarily conserved microbe- or herbivore-associated molecular patterns or specific pathogen effectors, as well as plant endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns. This sensory capacity is largely mediated through plasma membrane and cytosol-localized receptors which trigger complex downstream immune signaling cascades. As immune signaling outputs are often associated with a high fitness cost, precise regulation of this signaling is critical. Protease-mediated proteolysis represents an important form of pathway regulation in this context. Proteases have been widely implicated in plant–pathogen interactions, and their biochemical mechanisms and targets continue to be elucidated. During the plant and pathogen arms race, specific proteases are employed from both the plant and the pathogen sides to contribute to either defend or invade. Several pathogen effectors have been identified as proteases or protease inhibitors which act to functionally defend or camouflage the pathogens from plant proteases and immune receptors. In this review, we discuss known protease functions and protease-regulated signaling processes involved in both sides of plant–pathogen interactions.
Cardiovascular benefits of GLP-1 agonists in type 2 diabetes: a comparative review
Authors: Boyle James G. , Livingstone Rachel , Petrie John R.
Published: August 2018

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) carries risks of both cardiovascular (CV) (myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease) and microvascular (retinopathy/nephropathy/neuropathy) complications. Glucose-lowering is an effective strategy for preventing microvascular complications, but the extent to which it can reduce CV complications is less certain. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists are potent glucose-lowering agents but also have potentially beneficial effects on other traditional (body weight, blood pressure (BP), and LDL cholesterol) and non-traditional risk factors (low grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction). The results of four large CV outcome trials with GLP-1 agonists are now available. These have compared lixisenatide (ELIXA), liraglutide (LEADER), semaglutide (SUSTAIN-6), and long-acting exenatide (EXSCEL) with placebo and standard of care over 2–4 years; four others (including with dulaglutide and albiglutide) are ongoing. LEADER and SUSTAIN-6 have demonstrated reductions in rates of major adverse CV events with active GLP-1 treatment but ELIXA and EXSCEL have not. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which GLP-1 receptor agonists act on the CV system and the design and conduct of these trials. Contrary to the assertions that (a) all GLP-1 agonists reduce CV disease in T2D but to different extents or (b) the magnitude of CV protection is predominantly related to glucose-lowering, we argue that CV benefit is specific to agents that provide longer acting agonism at the GLP-1 receptor. The mechanisms involve reduction in body weight and BP, and lowering of LDL-cholesterol and glucose, but pleiotropic effects—including suppression of low grade inflammation, vasodilation, and natriuresis—are also likely relevant.
Fault location in microgrids: a communication‐based high‐frequency impedance approach
Authors: Beheshtaein Siavash , Cuzner Robert , Savaghebi Mehdi , Golestan Saeed , Guerrero Josep M.
Published: August 2018

This paper proposes a novel method to locate faults in an AC‐meshed microgrid. To this end, a set of features is first extracted and selected from the measured signals and fed to a Support Vector Machine (SVM) to detect the occurrence of fault. Then, the Distributed Generator (DG) with the lowest amount of fundamental voltage, which is the closest one to the fault, injects an appropriate voltage/current harmonic. As the faulted section has the lowest impedance value from the Point of Common Coupling of the DG, the harmonic current of the corresponding line has the highest value. Based on this fact, the first candidate DG sends a notification signal to the second candidate DG, in which the fault occurs between them. Finally, the impedances in the injected frequency are measured from these two DGs and fed into a multi‐class SVM to locate the faulted line. The proposed method has the ability to locate faults for islanded and grid‐connected microgrids with variable configurations. Real‐time simulation results are taken by OPAL‐RT to show the effectiveness of the proposed method in the meshed microgrid.
Robust image hashing using exact Gaussian–Hermite moments
Authors: Hosny Khalid M. , Khedr Yasmeen M. , Khedr Walid I. , Mohamed Ehab R.
Published: August 2018

In this work, a new method for robust image hashing is presented. The objectives of image hash are robustness and uniqueness. Exact Gaussian–Hermite moments and their invariants are used to extract highly accurate features for grey‐scale images. The hash value is estimated by the sender from the features of the given image and then appended to the image to be sent. On the other hand, the authenticity of the received image has been checked by decrypting the hash value at the receiver side. To increase the level of security, a pre‐shared key is used between the sender and the receiver. This process is to encrypt the hash value using a secret key before attaching with the image and then transmitting it. The similarity between different hashes is calculated by using Euclidean distance. Numerical simulation ensures the robustness of the proposed method against different kinds of attacks and preserves the image content. Hash different images exhibit very low collision probability which proves the suitability of the proposed method for robust image hash. The proposed method is compared with the existing hash methods where the obtained results clearly show the superiority of the proposed method.
Use of PSO to determine lightning channel‐base‐current function parameters for standard severe negative first and subsequent return stroke approximation
Authors: Ramarao Gandi , Chandrasekaran Kandasamy
Published: August 2018

In this study, particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is applied to determine the Heidler's function parameters (HFPs) for approximating the measured full lightning channel‐base‐current (CBC) of the severe (5% data in IEC standard 62305‐1, 2010) negative first return stroke (NFS) and subsequent return stroke (NSS). The parameters in the sum of two Heidler's functions, namely I01, I02, τ11, τ12, τ21, τ22, n1, and n2, are identified using PSO as a tool. The HFPs for severe NFS and NSS are tuned to keep four parameters constant with systematic variation of one out of all prominent parameters (i.e. peak current (Im), maximum time rate of change of current ((di/dt)max), front duration (tFD), stroke duration (tSD), and total charge (Q)) of full CBC wave and vice versa. The corresponding data is reported, and an independent controlling of HFPs is analysed to achieve the desired full CBC wave. Also, an attempt has been made in this study to examine the interdependence between the wavefront and tail of CBC using PSO. The data thus generated and reported for severe NFS and NSS can be used to generate the suitable full CBC waveforms. This methodology will be helpful in lightning‐related simulation study and research.
Exploring Hermite transformation in brain signal analysis for the detection of epileptic seizure
Authors: Siuly Siuly , Alcin Omer F. , Bajaj Varun , Sengur Abdulkadir , Zhang Yanchun
Published: August 2018

Automatic detection of epileptic seizure from brain signal data (e.g. electroencephalogram (EEG)) is very crucial due to dynamic and complex nature of EEG signal (e.g. non‐stationarity, aperiodic and chaotic). Owing to these natures, manual interpretation and detection of epileptic seizure is not reliable and efficient process. Hence, this study is intended to develop a new computer‐aided detection system that can automatically and efficiently identify epileptic seizure from huge amount EEG data. In this study, Hermite Transform is introduced for extracting discriminating information from EEG data for the detection of epileptic seizure. The analysis is performed in three stages: EEG signal transformation into a new form by Hermite Transform; computation of three types of features, namely permutation entropy, histogram feature and statistical feature; and classification of obtained features by least square support vector machine. The classification outcomes reveal the presence of epileptic seizure. The proposed method is evaluated on a benchmark Epileptic EEG database (Bonn University data) and the performance of this method is compared with several state‐of‐art algorithms for the same database. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme has the ability to efficiently detect epileptic seizure from EEG data outperforming competing techniques in terms of overall classification accuracy.
Infra‐red thermal measurement on a low‐power infra‐red emitter in CMOS technology
Authors: Pandey Prakash , Oxley Chris , Hopper Richard , Ali Zeeshan , Duffy Alistair
Published: August 2018

This study presents high‐temperature characterisation of a novel infra‐red (IR) emitter chip based on CMOS technology, using IR thermal microscopy. The performance and reliability of the thermal source are highly dependent on the operating temperature and temperature uniformity across the micro‐heater which is embedded within the silicon dioxide membrane. To date, the accuracy of the IR measurement has been limited by the optical transparency of the semiconductor material forming the membrane, which has poor emissivity compared to a black body source. Here, a high emissivity micro‐particle sensor is used to improve the accuracy of the temperature measurements. IR measurements on the emitter chip were validated with reference to temperature measurements made using an electrical technique where good temperature uniformity across the membrane heater was found.
Substratbilanzen von Kolonkarzinomen des Menschen während parenteraler Ernährung – Eine Pilotstudie
Authors: Holm Eggert , Heumann Barbara , Jentschura Dirk
Published: August 2018

Um die Nutzung von Nährstoffen durch maligne Tumoren des Menschen zu untersuchen, wurden bei 13 Patienten an Kolonkarzinomen intraoperativ die Austauschraten von Energiesubstraten und Aminosäuren quantifiziert. Die Blutabnahmen erfolgten arteriell und aus der größten tumordrainierenden Vene; letztere diente zusätzlich der Durchblutungsmessung (direkte venöse Ausflusstechnik). Am Tag vor dem Eingriff begann eine parenterale Ernährung, durch die sich schon nach 3 Stunden metabolisch stabile Bedingungen eingestellt hatten. Die Tumordurchblutung variierte von ca. 20 – 250 ml/100 g × min; ihre Abhängigkeit von der Tumorgröße stellte sich als Hyperbel dar. Die Substratbilanzen der Karzinome zeigten, dass vor allem Glukose verbraucht wurde, während eine Utilisation der freien Fettsäuren und – abgesehen von Serin – der Aminosäuren ausblieb. Glukose hatte mit 40,8 ± 22,6 µmol/100 g × min eine etwas höhere mittlere Aufnahmequote als postabsorptiv und wurde von 3 Karzinomen netto abgegeben. Die Tumoren behielten ferner Azetazetat ein. Freigesetzt wurden Laktat und (aus der Lipomikronen-Hydrolyse) die freien Fettsäuren. Unter den Aminosäuren hatten nur 3 signifikant von Null verschiedene Austauschquoten: Serin wurde aufgenommen, Taurin und Alanin wurden abgegeben. Von kleinen Tumoren (< 25 g) wurden Serin und Glutamin jeweils signifikant stärker retiniert als von großen (> 25 g). Ein Vergleich zwischen verschiedenen Glukose-Aufnahmequoten sprach für eine Beteiligung des Transporters GLUT1. In Kolonkarzinomen wird Glukose wie in anderen Malignomen bevorzugt glykolytisch abgebaut; Fettsäuren und Ketonkörper sind hier offenbar keine wesentlichen Nährsubstrate. Die regelhafte Aufnahme von Serin durch Malignome von Tieren und des Menschen entspricht den zahlreichen Funktionen dieser Aminosäure im Stoffwechsel aller Zellen, besonders aber von Tumorzellen.
Klimawandel in der thorakalen Onkologie
Authors: Reinmuth N. , Schumann C.
Published: August 2018

In den letzten Jahren haben sich die Diagnose und die medizinische Behandlung von Lungenkarzinompatienten erheblich gewandelt. Auch wenn die Mehrzahl der Patienten weiterhin nicht von der Erkrankung geheilt wird, so können durch verschiedene, klug abgestimmte Therapieansätze eine deutlich längere Krankheitskontrolle und stark verlängerte Überlebenszeiten als noch vor wenigen Jahren erreicht werden. Diese Entwicklung ist nicht nur durch medizinische, sondern auch zahlreiche politische und organisatorische Aspekte charakterisiert. Diese verschiedenen Ebenen, die klinischen Konsequenzen und die resultierenden Herausforderungen werden im Folgenden kurz skizziert.
Generation of Pancreatic β-cells From iPSCs and their
Potential for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Replacement Therapy and
Modelling
Authors: Csobonyeiova Maria , Polak Stefan , Danisovic Lubos
Published: August 2018

Diabetes type 1 (T1D) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by
permanent destruction of the insulin-secreting β-cells in pancreatic
islets, resulting in a deficiency of the glucose-lowering hormone insulin
and persisting high blood glucose levels. Insulin has to be replaced by
regular subcutaneous injections, and blood glucose level must be monitored
due to the risk of hyperglycemia. Recently, transplantation of new
pancreatic β-cells into T1D patients has come to be considered one
of the most potentially effective treatments for this disease. Therefore,
much effort has focused on understanding the regulation of β-cells.
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a valuable source for T1D
modelling and cell replacement therapy because of their ability to
differentiate into all cell types in vitro. Recent advances in stem
cell-based therapy and gene-editing tools have enabled the generation of
functionally adult pancreatic β-cells derived from iPSCs. Although
animal and human pancreatic development and β-cell physiology have
significant differences, animal models represent an important tool in
evaluating the therapeutic potential of iPSC-derived β-cells on type
1 diabetes treatment. This review outlines the recent progress in
iPSC-derived β-cell differentiation methods, disease modelling, and
future perspectives.
The Effect of Dorsal Angulation on Distal Radioulnar Joint Arthrokinematics Measured Using Intercartilage Distance
Authors: Lalone Emily , Nishiwaki Masao , Willing Ryan , Johnson James , King Graham , Gammon Braden
Published: August 2018

Background The effects of dorsal angulation deformity on in vitro distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) contact patterns are not well understood.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to utilize intercartilage distance to examine the effects of forearm rotation angle, distal radius deformity, and triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) sectioning on DRUJ contact area and centroid position.

Methods An adjustable implant permitted the creation of simulated intact state and dorsal angulation deformities of 10, 20, and 30 degrees. Three-dimensional cartilage models of the distal radius and ulna were created using computed tomography data. Using optically tracked motion data, the relative position of the cartilage models was rendered and used to measure DRUJ cartilage contact mechanics.

Results DRUJ contact area was highest between 10 and 30 degrees of supination. TFCC sectioning caused a significant decrease in contact area with a mean reduction of 11 ± 7 mm2 between the TFCC intact and sectioned conditions across all variables. The position of the contact centroid moved volarly and proximally with supination for all variables. Deformity had a significant effect on the location of the contact centroid along the volar–dorsal plane.

Conclusion Contact area in the DRUJ was maximal between 10 and 30 degrees of supination during the conditions tested. There was a significant effect of simulated TFCC rupture on contact area in the DRUJ, with a mean contact reduction of 11 ± 7 mm2 after sectioning. Increasing dorsal angulation caused the contact centroid to move progressively more volar in the sigmoid notch.
Acute Effect of Mitral Valve Repair on Mitral Valve Geometry
Authors: Noack Thilo , Wittgen Kathleen , Kiefer Philipp , Emrich Fabian , Raschpichler Matthias , Eibel Sarah , Holzhey David , Misfeld Martin , Mohr Friedrich-Wilhelm , Borger Michael , Ender Joerg , Seeburger Joerg
Published: August 2018

Background The aim of this study was to quantify acute mitral valve (MV) geometry dynamic changes throughout the cardiac cycle using three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D TEE) in patients undergoing surgical MV repair (MVR) with ring annuloplasty and optional neochord implantation.

Methods Twenty-nine patients (63 ± 10 years) with severe primary mitral regurgitation underwent surgical MVR using ring annuloplasty with or without neochord implantation. We recorded 3D TEE data throughout the cardiac cycle before and after MVR. Dynamic changes (4D) in the MV annulus geometry and anatomical MV orifice area (AMVOA) were measured using a novel semiautomated software (Auto Valve, Siemens Healthcare).

Results MVR significantly reduces the anteroposterior diameter by up to 38% at end-systole (36.8–22.7 mm; p < 0.001) and the lateromedial diameter by up to 31% (42.7–30.3 mm; p < 0.001). Moreover, the annular circumference was reduced by up to 31% at end-systole (129.6–87.6 mm, p < 0.001), and the annular area was significantly decreased by up to 52% (12.8–5.7 cm2; p < 0.001). Finally, the AMVOA experienced the largest change, decreasing from 1.1 to 0.2 cm2 during systole (at midsystole; p < 0.001) and from 4.1 to 3.2 cm2 (p < 0.001) during diastole.

Conclusions MVR reduces the annular dimension and the AMVOA, contributing to mitral competency, but the use of annuloplasty rings reduces annular contractility after the procedure. Surgeons can use 4D imaging technology to assess MV function dynamically, detecting the acute morphological changes of the mitral annulus and leaflets before and after the procedure.
Antenatal Magnesium Sulfate Exposure and Ponderal Index in Preterm Infants
Authors: Simhan Hyagriv , Deihl Tiffany
Published: August 2018

Objective Antenatal magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is known to affect the central nervous system of preterm infants, and there is biologic rationale for influence on other phenotypes. This study investigated the effect of MgSO4 exposure on the trajectory of ponderal index (PI, kg/m3) from birth to 2 years of age.

Study Design A secondary analysis of a U.S. randomized controlled trial investigating MgSO4 versus placebo administration among women at high risk for preterm delivery was performed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between PI from birth to 2 years of age and exposure to MgSO4 versus placebo.

Results There was a larger decrement in PI from birth to 2 years of age in infants exposed to MgSO4 compared with placebo (p = 0.032). There was a statistically significant one-way interaction between newborn sex and treatment group (p = 0.019). Change in PI in males exhibited a greater decrement in those exposed to MgSO4 versus placebo (p = 0.227), whereas female infants exposed to MgSO4 had a smaller decrement (p = 0.04).

Conclusion MgSO4 exposure in preterm infants is associated with a larger decrease in PI from birth to 2 years of age. In addition, the direction of effect of MgSO4 on the change in PI over the first 2 years of life is different by sex.
European Paediatric Surgeons' Association Survey on the Management of Pediatric Appendicitis
Authors: Hall Nigel , Rahman Abidur , Morini Francesco , Pini Prato Alessio , Friedmacher Florian , Koivusalo Antti , van Heurn Ernest , Pierro Agostino , Zani Augusto
Published: August 2018

Aim To define patterns in the management of pediatric appendicitis.

Methods A total of 169 delegates from 42 (24 European) countries completed a validated survey administered at the EUPSA 2017 annual congress.

Results In the work-up of children with suspected acute appendicitis, most surgeons rely on full blood count (92%), C-reactive protein (82%), and abdominal ultrasonography (76%), but rarely on computed tomography scans or magnetic resonance imaging. In suspected simple appendicitis, most surgeons (76%) do not perform appendectomy at night in clinically stable patients and start antibiotic preoperatively (64%), but only 15% offer antibiotic therapy alone (no appendectomy). In suspected perforated appendicitis, 96% start antibiotic preoperatively, and 92% perform an appendectomy. Presence of phlegmon/abscess is the main contraindication to immediate surgery. In case of appendix mass, most responders (75%) favor a conservative approach and perform interval appendectomy always (56%) or in selected cases (38%) between 2 and 6 months from the first episode (81%). Children with large intraperitoneal abscesses are managed by percutaneous drainage (59% responders) and by surgery (37% responders). Laparoscopy is the preferred surgical approach for both simple (89%) and perforated appendicitis (81%). Most surgeons send the appendix for histology (96%) and pus for microbiology, if present (78%). At the end of the operation, 58% irrigate the abdominal cavity only if contaminated using saline solution (93%). In selected cases, 52% leave a drain in situ.

Conclusion Some aspects of appendicitis management lack consensus, particularly appendix mass and intraperitoneal abscess. Evidence-based guidelines should be developed, which may help standardize care and improve clinical outcomes.
Effects of Cutaneous Negative Pressure Application on Perforator Artery Flow in Healthy Volunteers: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Innocenti Marco , Santini Mariella , Dreassi Emanuela , Martin Robin , Melita Dario , Colombini Barbara , Innocenti Alessandro
Published: August 2018

Background The creation of skin flaps based on small perforator vessels is an increasingly popular procedure nowadays; the optimization of their blood supply enhances surgical success. This study evaluates the effects on the flowmetries of 7 days' negative pressure application on the skin surface overlying the muscle fascia emergence of periumbilical perforators of the deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA).

Methods Ten volunteer participants were enrolled. In each subject, one periumbilical perforator of the DIEA was identified on each side of the abdomen using an eco-color-Doppler. One of them was used as the control group, while the other (the study group) underwent 80 mm Hg negative pressure for 7 days. The flowmetries of both perforators were measured before and after the application of negative pressure wound therapy.

Results After the application of negative pressure, randomly applied on the skin surface over one of the two selected periumbilical perforators, an increase in the flowmetries was observed in both groups of perforators (2.74 cm/s; p < 0.0001). The relative flowmetry increase in the control group was 9.55% (2.735 cm/s), while in the study group it was 44.03% (8.748 cm/s).

Conclusion The application of negative pressure system on the skin surface over the muscle fascia emergence of the selected periumbilical perforators showed an increase in flowmetry. Although this is a preliminary study, this simple and economical procedure before surgery could be usefully employed to increase the rate of success in microsurgical procedures.
Co-occurrence of an HSPG2 Missense Variant and Functional Polymorphisms in Atypical Schwartz–Jampel Syndrome Type 1 with Obesity: A Case Report
Authors: Maini Ilenia , Farnetti Enrico , Nicoli Davide , Pavlidis Elena , Spagnoli Carlotta , Salerno Grazia Gabriella , Frattini Daniele , Iodice Alessandro , Fusco Carlo
Published: August 2018

Schwartz–Jampel syndrome type 1 (SJS1) is an autosomal recessive chondrodystrophic myotonia, linked to heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2) variants. We describe a patient with typical features of SJS1, but not obesity. Clinical exome sequencing detected a rare missense variant in HSPG2, confirming our clinical diagnosis, but also two homozygous variants in SDC3 and ADRB3 genes, previously described to be associated with obesity. This additional genetic result could better explain our patient's phenotype. Despite the phenotypic variability associated to HSPG2 variants, it is advisable to carefully check other possible genetic causes underlying clinical signs not strictly related to the classical phenotype of SJS1.
Cine MRI of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex during Radial–Ulnar Deviation
Authors: Abe Koji , Terada Nobuki , Nakamura Toshiyasu
Published: August 2018

Purpose Changes in the shape of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) during radial–ulnar deviation were studied using “cine-mode” magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 10 right wrists of healthy volunteers, 5 wrists of TFCC tear, and 5 wrists of ulnar styloid nonunion.

Subjects and Methods The wrist was fixed in a custom acrylic device, which only allows radial and ulnar deviation. Coronal MR images of nine radial–ulnar deviated positions (every 5 degree from 15 degrees radial deviation to 25 degrees ulnar deviation) were obtained in volunteers and patients. Cine-mode MRI was assembled and was output to MPEG video to observe.

Results Cine MRI demonstrated the ulnar side of the TFCC was elongated by average 15 mm in 15 degrees of radial deviation and shortened by average 8 mm in 25 degrees of ulnar deviation in all normal TFCC subjects. Distal portion of the triangular fibrocartilage (TFC) was compressed during radial–ulnar deviation in 10 healthy volunteers and in 3 patients, but proximal portion of the TFC was stable throughout the motion. In contrast, the wavy deformities on the disc in ulnar deviation were observed in three patients with horizontal tear inside the TFCC. In nonunion of the ulnar styloid process, the fragment was snapped in maximum ulnar deviated position or elongation of the space between the styloid fragment and ulna was seen.

Conclusion This study indicated normal and abnormal changes in the shape of the TFCC during radial–ulnar deviation motion on cine MRI. The abnormal dynamic changes of the TFCC may be seen in ulnar deviated position in patients, which are related to positive ulnocarpal stress test with the wrist forced ulnar deviated.
The Pediatric Examination Assessment Rubric (PEAR): A Pilot Project
Authors: Langue Michael , Scott Ingrid , Soni Ajay
Published: August 2018

Purpose The pediatric ophthalmic examination is often considered a challenge to ophthalmologists at any level of training. New tools need to be developed and tested to enhance resident and fellow training in pediatric ophthalmology. To our knowledge, this pilot project introduces the first educational rubric designed specifically for a pediatric ophthalmic examination.

Methods Preliminary surveys were completed by 11 ophthalmic residents, of all three postgraduate years (PGY), to gauge comfort level with the pediatric ophthalmic examination. A one-page Pediatric Examination Assessment Rubric (PEAR) was developed and reviewed by 13 content experts (12 pediatric ophthalmologists and a lead developer of the Ophthalmic Clinical Exercise Examination [OCEX] tool) at eight academic institutions. A total of five educators from three academic institutions used the rubric to evaluate a total of six residents during a new strabismus evaluation. Postevaluation surveys were completed by both the five educators and the six residents.

Results Preliminary surveys showed that only 18.2% of residents felt their pediatric examination skills were good. Residents noted higher levels of frustration and less comfort with the pediatric examination when compared with an adult examination. Thirteen experts' comments were incorporated into the rubric to establish content validity. Postevaluation surveys showed that 60% of faculty and 100% of residents found the rubric to be very effective in providing feedback.

Conclusion In this pilot project, we established the need for more concrete educational tools in pediatric ophthalmology, created an educational tool, established content validity, and demonstrated feasibility. The PEAR helps residents identify skills to target for improvement based on the quality of their pediatric ophthalmic examinations. At three academic institutions, the PEAR was shown to be easy to use and a useful tool for training residents to perform the pediatric ophthalmic examination.
Spiking patterns of a neuron model to stimulus: Rich dynamics and oxygen’s role
Authors: Yao Chenggui , He Zhiwei , Nakano Tadashi , Shuai Jianwei
Published: August 2018

Neuronal spiking patterns, which are of fundamental importance for the understanding of information processing in neural systems, can be generated in response to different stimuli. We here investigate in detail the stimulus-induced spiking patterns in a biologically plausible neuron model in which the oxygen concentration and the dynamical concentrations of potassium, sodium, and chloride are considered. Various types of spiking patterns can be induced by the different external potassium accumulations in response to the stimulus, including two different types of epileptic seizure (SZ) and spreading depression (SD) states, two different mixed states of SD and SZ, SZ state with multi-burst, and tonic firing behaviors. Interestingly, we show that these rich spiking patterns can also be induced by the current stimulus with a low oxygen concentration. Furthermore, we reveal that the stimulus can induce two different phase transitions from the SD state to the SZ state according to the phase transition theory, which results in the different electrical activities. All these findings may provide insight into information processing in neural systems.
Multivariate analysis to evaluate indium behavior at the copper phthalocyanine thin film
Authors: Balcerowska-Czerniak Grażyna , Dittmar-Wituski Adam , Hiller Tomasz , Bukaluk Antoni
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we demonstrate the application of multivariate chemometric analysis to enhance information available from photoelectron spectra for the metal-organic interface: indium on copper phthalocyanine (CuPc). The previous studies conducted by Aristov et al. [Phys. Rev. B 72, 165318 (2005)] and Ivanco et al. [Phys. Rev. B 81, 115325 (2010)] reported inconsistent and contradictory findings about the chemical reaction between In and CuPc at the initial stages of interface formation. The study of changes in ultraviolet photoelectron spectra (UPS) by principal component analysis (PCA) provides evidence for the coexistence of two types of indium phases, “reactive” and “non-reactive,” whose behavior is of importance for devices based on multilayer metal-organic semiconductors. The key information about the metal-organic chemical reaction has been gained from a PCA biplot. This characteristic graph simplifies interpretation of the UPS spectra and enables to estimate the number of pronounced peaks, their energetic positions, and the strength of correlation between them. To detect one of the indium phases, not clearly observed in the experimental spectra, we propose a new concept based on PCA methodology for an enhancement of the UPS spectra resolution. Moreover, we confirm a co-existence of different indium phases by the multivariate curve resolution alternating least square (MCR) analysis on the experimental data. We have found satisfactory agreement between the identified model and experimental data.
A new fit to secondary emission yield in the low impact voltage regime: An improvement of Vaughan’s expression
Authors: Ludwick J. , Tripathi G. , Cahay M. , Fairchild S. B. , Murray P. T. , Back T. C.
Published: August 2018

Reducing the emission of secondary electrons from materials is critical to improved efficiency and increased performance in high power vacuum electronics. A new mathematical expression for the secondary emission yield (SEY) as a function of the impact voltage up to a maximum of 5 kilovolts is proposed which is an extension of a formula first suggested by Vaughan. The new analytical fit and Vaughan’s fit are compared with SEY experimental data reported by others and measured by our group. The new analytical expression gives good fits to SEY experimental data in all cases, even when the SEY maximum is either slightly larger or below unity, two situations for which Vaughan’s fit is either inadequate or inapplicable.
Simultaneous measurements of turbulent Reynolds stresses and particle flux in both parallel and perpendicular directions in a linear magnetized plasma device
Authors: Chakraborty Thakur Saikat , Hong Rongjie , Tynan George R.
Published: August 2018

We report temporally resolved simultaneous measurements of the turbulent Reynolds stresses in both the parallel and perpendicular directions and the corresponding particle fluxes in the fusion relevant cylindrical magnetized plasma device Controlled Shear Decorrelation eXperiment (CSDX). CSDX simulates the plasma conditions of multiple plasma instabilities that can arise in the scrape-off layer of fusion devices. In this study, we designed and used a 6-tip Langmuir probe in a novel yet simple design to simultaneously measure all the three dimensional components (radial, azimuthal, and axial) of fluctuations in velocity from the floating potentials and plasma densities with high temporal resolution. From these, we calculated the parallel and perpendicular Reynolds stress and the particle fluxes in addition to the density and potential spectra and the cross phase between different quantities. We can obtain radial profiles of all the aforementioned plasma quantities, which are extremely useful for studying plasma turbulence due to multiple instabilities. We have also cross-checked the time averaged velocity profiles from the probe with laser induced fluorescence measurements of the mean plasma velocity for some common plasma source parameters.
Response to “Comment on ‘The collision effect between dust grains and ions to the dust ion acoustic waves in a dusty plasma’” [Phys. Plasmas 25, 084701 (2018)]
Authors: Yang Xue , Wang Cang-Long , Liu Cong-Bo , Zhang Jian-Rong , Shi Yu-Ren , Duan Wen-Shan , Yang Lei
Published: August 2018

The damping solitary wave in dusty plasma is studied by considering the collision effect between dust grains and ions. It can be described by a KdV type equation in which a damping term of φ2 exists. We address the issues raised in the comment that the KdV-type equation obtained in the work is not correct in the paper [Phys. Plasmas 19, 103705 (2012)]. In this reply, we point out that there are some misprints which do not affect the derivation of the damping KdV equation but affect the coefficients of the damping KdV equation. The main results are the approximated analytical solution of the damping KdV equation, so the misprints affect the quantitative results but not the qualitative results.
A better method for Stark deceleration uses a new high-voltage amplifier
Authors: Wolverton Mark
Published: August 2018

A new high-voltage amplifier design provides the capabilities and flexibility needed for traveling-wave Stark deceleration.
Electric fields shift synthetic garnet spin waves
Authors: Agner Mary Alexandra
Published: August 2018

Application of an external electric field can be used to tune the behavior of spin waves in yttrium iron garnet.
The butterfly fauna of the Pilliga Forest, a large woodland remnant in the Brigalow Belt South bioregion in northern inland New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Murphy Michael J.
Published: August 2018

Sixty-three butterfly species representing five families have been recorded from the Pilliga Forest in northern inland New South Wales – the largest surviving remnant of native forest on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range. This is one of the richest recorded butterfly faunas of any location on the New South Wales western slopes and adjacent plains, reflecting the location of the Pilliga Forest in a biogeographic overlap zone between northern and southern faunal assemblages with proximity to both the western plains and outliers of the mesic eastern highlands. No narrow-range endemic species or species of state or national conservation concern were recorded; however, half of the species recorded have patchy, discontinuous distributions within their broad range due to specific habitat requirements. Some minor western range extensions are recorded and two hilltopping sites are documented. This study highlights the significant biodiversity conservation value of the Pilliga Forest in the predominantly cleared western slopes bioregions.
Redescribing the Nation
Authors: Häkkinen Ville
Published: August 2018

Boosting national spirit through projection of otherness is not a new phenomenon, at least in authoritarian regimes. Yet the role of anti-Semitism in the Numerus Clausus debates in the Hungarian parliament in 1920 and 1928 is worth deeper analysis, as it bore a peculiar role in the Hungarian interwar counterrevolutionary nation-building. The Numerus Clausus law of 1920 set ethnic quotas to university enrolment; the explicit argument for this was countering the Jewish ‘over-representation’ in Hungarian society. However, in 1928 the law was amended, abolishing (in principle) the said quotas; this time the arguments favoured national consolidation, where segregation was to be moderated. In both cases, the national elites construed and made use of nation-centred political rhetoric, but used it for differing ends in different times. This article shall analyse the debates of the Hungarian Parliament concerning the Numerus Clausus laws, especially from the viewpoints of nation-building and rhetoric of exclusion.
Integrated restoration prioritization–A multi-discipline approach in the Greater Toronto Area
Authors: Stille John , Shrestha Namrata , Toninger Ralph , MacKenzie Carissa , Ramesbottom Andrew , Smith Joel
Published: August 2018

Ecosystem restoration planning requires an integrated approach considering many components of the natural system when prioritizing where and what to restore. Toronto and Region Conservation Authority and partners have developed a multi-discipline and multi-benefit approach to restoration planning that facilitates effective restoration works, which contribute to realizing regional watershed objectives pertaining to natural system functions. Through various long term monitoring and modeling initiatives, Toronto and Region Conservation Authority has amassed a wealth of knowledge on terrestrial biodiversity, aquatic ecosystems, hydrology, and headwater conditions. The aim of Integrated Restoration Prioritization is to identify impairments and threats to ecosystem function as a means to improve the delivery of ecological goods and services. Consolidating data and comparing discrete areas based on different parameters and thresholds can help direct decision making for future restoration initiatives. The first iteration of the Integrated Restoration Prioritization analyzed existing datasets, identified gaps, and made recommendations for future monitoring. This approach will assist with delisting Beneficial Use Impairments #14 Loss of Fish and Wildlife Habitat and #3 Degradation of Fish and Wildlife Populations within the Toronto Remedial Action Plan area. Further, the Integrated Restoration Prioritization will assist in implementing the recommendations made in watershed planning documents pertaining to fisheries and natural heritage management. Specifically, the Integrated Restoration Prioritization will identify where impairments to ecological function are located, ensure habitats and corridor linkages are protected or restored, and prioritize local and upstream catchments that could contribute most to improving the natural system if restored.
Progress in understanding slow inactivation speeds up
Authors: Payandeh Jian
Published: August 2018

A new study reveals that conformational flexibility in the pore of a voltage-gated sodium channel may underlie slow inactivation.
Cell tension and mechanical regulation of cell volume
Authors: Perez Gonzalez Nicolas , Tao Jiaxiang , Rochman Nash D. , Vig Dhruv , Chiu Evelyn , Wirtz Denis , Sun Sean X.
Published: August 2018

Animal cells use an unknown mechanism to control their growth and physical size. Here, using the fluorescence exclusion method, we measure cell volume for adherent cells on substrates of varying stiffness. We discover that the cell volume has a complex dependence on substrate stiffness and is positively correlated with the size of the cell adhesion to the substrate. From a mechanical force–balance condition that determines the geometry of the cell surface, we find that the observed cell volume variation can be predicted quantitatively from the distribution of active myosin through the cell cortex. To connect cell mechanical tension with cell size homeostasis, we quantified the nuclear localization of YAP/TAZ, a transcription factor involved in cell growth and proliferation. We find that the level of nuclear YAP/TAZ is positively correlated with the average cell volume. Moreover, the level of nuclear YAP/TAZ is also connected to cell tension, as measured by the amount of phosphorylated myosin. Cells with greater apical tension tend to have higher levels of nuclear YAP/TAZ and a larger cell volume. These results point to a size-sensing mechanism based on mechanical tension: the cell tension increases as the cell grows, and increasing tension feeds back biochemically to growth and proliferation control.
The art of survival: community-based arts organisations in times of austerity
Authors: Rimmer Mark
Published: August 2018

This article examines the consequences of shifts in the terms of engagement with the state – since the onset of the global financial crisis in 2008 – for small-scale UK arts-based community organisations. Through an engagement with the accounts of key stakeholders from three case study organisations, the article considers the nature and extent of organisational changes in four main respects: the activities undertaken, the people and groups engaged, the income streams accessed and understandings of role or mission. Having outlined the variable fates of each organisation over this period, the article illuminates how the effects of austerity and associated policy shifts have served to mitigate against organisations’ ability to sustain arts-based work with disadvantaged groups, resist neoliberal ‘enterprise’ agendas or maintain a practical commitment to community development aims.
ESC Council on hypertension position document on the management of hypertensive emergencies
Authors: van den Born Bert-Jan H , Lip Gregory Y H , Brguljan-Hitij Jana , Cremer Antoine , Segura Julian , Morales Enrique , Mahfoud Felix , Amraoui Fouad , Persu Alexandre , Kahan Thomas , Agabiti Rosei Enrico , de Simone Giovanni , Gosse Philippe , Williams Bryan
Published: August 2018

Hypertensive emergencies are those situations where very high blood pressure (BP) values are associated with acute organ damage, and therefore, require immediate, but careful, BP reduction. The type of acute organ damage is the principal determinant of: (i) the drug of choice, (ii) the target BP, and (iii) the timeframe in which BP should be lowered. Key target organs are the heart, retina, brain, kidneys, and large arteries. Patients who lack acute hypertension-mediated end organ damage do not have a hypertensive emergency and can usually be treated with oral BP-lowering agents and usually discharged after a brief period of observation.