bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Gendered Effects of a Graduated Sanctions Model on Probation Outcomes in Kansas
Authors: Browne George E. , Melander Lisa , Boppre Breanna , Edwards Mari-Esther
Published: February 2022

Although originally perceived as an evidence-based program, there has been a continual debate on the true effectiveness of the graduated sanctions model for probation. Nonetheless, what is missing in the literature is an examination of how this program may affect women under supervision differently than men. Utilizing probation violation hearing data from the Kansas Sentencing Commission (KSSC), this study examines the impact of Kansas’ 2013 House Bill 2170 (HB 2170) on probation outcomes across gender. Results indicate that the use of graduated sanctions scheme through HB 2170 is associated with a higher likelihood of receiving an imprisonment disposition for women probation technical violators than men. Major findings and policy implications will be discussed.
A Bridge over Troubled Borders: Social Class and the Interplay between Work and Life
Authors: Evans Samantha , Wyatt Madeleine
Published: February 2022

Drawing on border theory, this article presents a study of the role that social class plays in the interplay between work and non-work life. A survey was used to collect subjective ratings of social class for class origin, home and work domains. Interviews were then conducted with 20 individuals to explore participants’ experiences of social class across their work-life domains. The analysis identified five groups of individuals who experienced different work-life outcomes depending on their self-perceived social class and any experiences of social class travel. The study found that socially mobile interviewees had more complex work-life experiences and found work-life interplay more challenging than those whose social class was congruent across domains, challenging the assumption that social mobility is inherently beneficial. The article proposes that social class acts as a bridge, which either facilitates or impedes the ease with which individuals move between their work-life domains.
Quentin Skinner, contextual method and Machiavelli's understanding of liberty
Authors: Regent Nikola
Published: February 2022

The article examines Quentin Skinner's influential interpretation of Machiavelli's views on liberty, and the sharp divergence between his methodological ideas and his actual practice. The paper explores how Skinner's political ideals directed his interpretation against his own methodological precepts, to offer a basis for a ‘revival’ of republican theory. Skinner's reinterpretation of Machiavelli as a theorist of negative liberty is examined, and refuted. The article analyses Skinner's claim about liberty as the key political value for Machiavelli, and demonstrates that liberty is secondary to empire on the list of Machiavelli's priorities. Skinner's vocabulary and efforts to tone down or ignore Machiavelli's more aggressive ideas are closely examined. The analysis offered in the article, it is suggested, has wider implications, showing the difficulty of applying contextualism in practice, by the very founder of this approach in the history of ideas.
Heat and mass transfer in Jeffery-Hammel flow: Comparison between the new and classical simulations
Authors: Laila Roohi , Marwat Dil Nawaz Khan
Published: February 2022

The well-known classical Jaffery-Hammel flow model of converging and diverging channel in plan Polar Coordinates is reformulated in Cartesian Coordinates with the additional effects of heat and mass transfer. Second, concept of wedge flow is explained in view of Blasius variables in 1931 and it is strictly presented in Cartesian Coordinates. This classical problem of blasius is reformulated with the additional effects of heat and mass transfer in terms of Cartesian Coordinated system, whereas, the classical boundary layer approximations are not taken into account. The well-known two dimensional form of four governing equations are taken in Cartesian Coordinates, whereas, no restrictions have been imposed on the velocity components. The PDE’s are transformed into non-linear coupled ODE’s of variable coefficients. Later on, another set of transformation is found and the non-linear ODE’s with variable coefficients are transformed into ODE’s of constant coefficients and the modeled problem is exactly matched with the classical simulation of converging and diverging flow. Moreover, the problem is solved by different methods and effects of different parameters are seen on field variables.
Analysis on strength performance of the last stage blade in steam turbine under low mass flow conditions
Authors: Wang Zhanzhou , Shi Huanyu , Cao Lihua , Si Heyong
Published: February 2022

Under low mass flow conditions, the velocity field and temperature field are very complicated in the low-pressure cylinder (LPC) of steam turbine, which seriously affects the safe operation of blades. In order to study the safety of the last stage blade under low mass flow conditions, the non-equilibrium condensation model is used to numerically simulate the flow of low-pressure cylinder. The strength performance of the last stage rotor blade is analyzed by the fluid–solid coupling method. The results show that the vortex appears in the flow passage as the load decreases. The last two stages are most affected by the vortex. Under low mass flow conditions, the exhaust steam temperature of LPC rises. Under 5% low-pressure turbine heat-acceptance (LPTHA) condition, the temperature rise has affected the last three stage blades. The maximum temperature is located at the tip exit edge of suction surface of stator blade of the last stage. With the load decreasing, the maximum equivalent stress and maximum deformation show the law of first decreasing and then increasing. Under 10% low-pressure turbine heat-acceptance condition, the maximum equivalent stress is 827.96 MPa, which is over the design value. Under 5% LPTHA condition, the maximum deformation is 6.6301 mm, which is also far beyond the design value. The research results can provide a reference for the operation of steam turbine under low mass flow conditions.
Use of ixekizumab in an HIV-positive patient with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Qian Feng , Yan Yujuan , Huang Jinlong , Xu Weilu , Zhu Yueping , Liu Jin , Wu Xuehua , Chen Fan
Published: February 2022

Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the skin. The incidence of psoriasis among people living with HIV (PLHIV) is higher than that in the general population. The mechanism is complex, the manifestations are varied, and the treatment is difficult. Biotherapy has greatly alleviated psoriasis, but clinical trials often exclude PLHIV, and evidence is limited to case reports. Here, we report a man living with psoriatic arthritis who had poor response to traditional treatments. After receiving the anti-interleukin (IL)-17 monoclonal antibody (ixekizumab), the arthritis symptoms were significantly relieved, while CD4+ T cell count increased and the viral load of HIV-1 remained undetectable in combination with antiretroviral therapy (ART). In conclusion, anti-IL-17 monoclonal antibody is a promising and safe treatment for psoriatic arthritis in HIV-positive patients.
Reaching 95-95-95 targets: The role of private sector health facilities in closing the HIV detection gap—Kisumu Kenya, 2018
Authors: Onyango Dickens , Mchembere Walter , Agaya Janet , Wang Alice , Cain Kevin P , Grobbee Diederick E , van der Sande Marianne AB , Baker Brian , Yuen Courtney M
Published: February 2022

Background

HIV testing efficiency could be improved by focusing on high yield populations and identifying types of health facilities where people with undiagnosed HIV infection are more likely to attend.

Methods

A retrospective cohort analysis of data collected during an integrated TB/HIV active case-finding intervention in Western Kenya. Data were analyzed from health facilities’ registers on individuals who reported TB-suggestive symptoms between 1 July and 31 December 2018 and who had an HIV test result within one month following symptom screening. We used logistic regression with general estimating equations adjusting for sub-county level data to identify health facility-level predictors of new HIV diagnoses.

Results

Of 11,376 adults with presumptive TB identified in 143 health facilities, 1038 (9%) tested HIV positive. The median HIV positivity per health facility was 6% (IQR = 2–15%). Patients with TB symptoms were over three times as likely to have a new HIV diagnosis in private not-for-profit facilities compared to those in government facilities (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.40; 95% CI = 1.96–5.90). Patients tested in hospitals were over two times as likely to have a new HIV diagnosis as those tested in smaller facilities (i.e., health centers and dispensaries) (aOR 2.26; 95% CI = 1.60–3.21).

Conclusion

Individuals with presumptive TB who attended larger health facilities and private not-for-profit facilities had a higher likelihood of being newly diagnosed with HIV. Strengthening HIV services at these facilities and outreach to populations that use them could help to close the HIV diagnosis gap.
Hypoxia-Responsive Subtype Cells Differentiate Into Neurons in the Brain of Zebrafish Embryos Exposed to Hypoxic Stress
Authors: Zeng Chih-Wei , Sheu Jin-Chuan , Tsai Huai-Jen
Published: February 2022

Severe hypoxia results in complete loss of central nervous system (CNS) function in mammals, while several other vertebrates, such as zebrafish, can regenerate after hypoxia-induced injury of CNS. Since the cellular mechanism involved in this remarkable feature of other vertebrates is still unclear, we studied the cellular regeneration of zebrafish brain, employing zebrafish embryos from transgenic line huORFZ exposed to hypoxia and then oxygen recovery. GFP-expressing cells, identified in some cells of the CNS, including some brain cells, were termed as hypoxia-responsive recovering cells (HrRCs). After hypoxia, HrRCs did not undergo apoptosis, while most non-GFP-expressing cells, including neurons, did. Major cell types of HrRCs found in the brain of zebrafish embryos induced by hypoxic stress were neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) and radial glia cells (RGs), that is, subtypes of NSPCs (NSPCs-HrRCs) and RGs (RGs-HrRCs) that were induced by and sensitively responded to hypoxic stress. Interestingly, among HrRCs, subtypes of NSPCs- or RGs-HrRCs could proliferate and differentiate into early neurons during oxygen recovery, suggesting that these subtype cells might play a critical role in brain regeneration of zebrafish embryos after hypoxic stress.
The Long-Term Efficacy Study of Multiple Allogeneic Canine Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantations Combined With Surgery in Four Dogs With Lumbosacral Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Chen Chung-Chao , Yang Shu-Fang , Wang Ing-Kae , Hsieh Sing-Ying , Yu Jian-Xi , Wu Tze-Lien , Huang Wan-Jhen , Su Min-Hao , Yang Heng-Leng , Chang Pi-Chen , Teng Ann-Chi , Chen Chia-Yi , Liang Sao-Ling
Published: February 2022

Severe lumbosacral pain, paraparesis or paraplegia, and urinary incontinence are common but frustrating problems in dogs with lumbosacral spinal cord injury (SCI). The surgical interventions including stabilization and decompression may not restore satisfying neurological functions in severe SCI. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) show benefits in immunomodulation, anti-inflammation, and promotion of axonal growth and remyelination, and also display efficacy in several diseases in veterinary medicine. In this report, four dogs presented with fracture of sacrum vertebrae or fracture of seventh lumbar and lumbosacral displacement after road traffic accidents. The clinical signs include lumbosacral pain (4/4), paraparesis (3/4), paraplegia (1/4), and urinary incontinence (4/4). All dogs were treated by surgical decompression with or without stabilization 1 to 7 weeks after trauma. Allogeneic canine Ad-MSCs (cAd-MSCs) were injected locally on nerve roots through the surgical region in all dogs. One dose of intravenous transplantation and 4 doses of local transplantation were also performed within 8 weeks after the surgery separately. All dogs showed significant neurological improvements with normal ambulatory ability (4/4) and urinary control (3/4) 3 months after the surgery and the first cAd-MSCs transplantation. No side effect was related to multiple cAd-MSCs transplantations during 6 months monitoring in all dogs. In conclusion, multiple cAd-MSCs transplantations could be a recommended treatment combined with surgery in dogs with lumbosacral SCI.
Headscarves and the CJEU: Protecting fundamental rights and pandering to prejudice, the CJEU does both
Authors: Howard Erica
Published: February 2022

The CJEU judgment in the two latest Islamic headscarf cases was handed down in July 2021. The judgment allows employers to ban the wearing of religious and other symbols by employees, but it does specify under what conditions this can be done. This article builds on a previous article on the opinion of AG Rantos and the Shadow Opinion of former AG Sharpston and analyses the judgment in detail. It argues that the judgment is an improvement on the previous CJEU headscarf judgments in that it provides more protection for fundamental human rights. However, the CJEU also appears to allow employers to a certain extent to pander to the prejudicial wishes of their customers. The article concludes that the judgment presents a small glimmer of hope that the CJEU might be moving – albeit very slowly - towards more protection of Muslim women who want to wear headscarves at work for religious reasons.
Cross-Border Higher Education and Quality Assurance. Results from a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Carvalho Nathan , Rosa Maria J. , Amaral Alberto
Published: February 2022

Internationalisation has gained prominence in debates on higher education and can be analysed from different perspectives, including cross-border higher education. Cross-border higher education entails relevant challenges, namely regarding its quality. This paper intends to discuss, based on a literature review, the link between cross-border higher education and quality assurance, namely the role quality assurance may have in contributing to a quality cross-border educational offer. 79 documents (indexed in Scopus or Web of Science) published between 1998 and 2019 were content analysed. The results show that both internal and external quality assurance are relevant topics when discussing cross-border higher education and a means to stimulate the overall quality of this educational offer. Moreover, to be effective, quality assurance must rely on cooperation and mutual trust between importing and exporting countries, including their quality assurance agencies.
Global Competence and Foreign Language Education in Japan
Authors: Sakamoto Fern , Roger Peter
Published: February 2022

The pursuit of global competence (GC) is heavily promoted as part of university education in Japan, where the government exhorts universities to equip graduates with skills that will enable them to function as global citizens. Foreign language (FL) educators are often expected to cultivate these globally competent individuals. However, there is little consensus on what GC actually is, and limited evidence that existing models of GC are actually applicable in the Japanese context. This study used a qualitative survey targeting professionals, researchers, university teachers and students to determine the attributes that are seen to comprise GC, and the challenges faced in achieving GC in the Japanese context. Findings highlighted the primacy of FL communication skills, as well as openness, extraversion, emotional stability, and a willingness to engage. To overcome challenges to the achievement of these attributes, we suggest that FL educators need to tap into learners’ individual identities and aspirations, rather than pursuing generic and decontextualized approaches to the development of GC.
Enhancing Internationalization by Labels and Certificates: The Power of Voluntary Policy Instruments
Authors: Beerkens Maarja
Published: February 2022

About ten years ago, an innovative instrument was developed to promote internationalization in European higher education institutions— a Certificate for Quality in Internationalization (Cequint). The initiative fits well the contemporary governance philosophy that promotes voluntary instruments, an individualized approach, and an orientation towards transparency instead of control. While labels and certificates are becoming popular, their effectiveness is often questioned. In this paper we examine critically the value of Cequint and its potential for enhancing internationalization . The empirical results confirm that certified study programs outperform their uncertified peers. Partly the effect is explained by self-selection as internationally inclined programs are more likely to apply for the certificate, but there seems to be also a significant independent effect of the certification process. The paper suggests that a voluntary certification scheme can support organizational improvement by three mechanisms: by enhancing motivation, self-awareness, and expertize.
Increasing hospital admission rates for anorexia nervosa amongst young women in Australia from 1998 to 2018
Authors: Nguyen Martin , Allison Stephen , Looi Jeffrey CL , Bastiampillai Tarun
Published: February 2022

Objective

This study aims to describe the trends in community incidence, community prevalence, mortality, overnight hospital admission rates and average overnight inpatient length of stay (ALOS) for anorexia nervosa (AN) amongst young females aged 15-29 in Australia, between 1998–2018.

Methods

Hospitalisation and ALOS data was obtained from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare principal data cubes. Epidemiological data relating to community-level incidence, community-level prevalence, disability adjusted life years (DALY) and mortality were obtained from the Global Health Data Exchange. We analysed the community and hospital rates for AN in 3 female age groups, 15-19, 20-24 and 25-29.

Results

Overnight hospital female admission rates for AN have substantially increased over the past two decades, with a higher rate increase between 2008-2018 for 15-29 age groups. The largest absolute increases were seen in the 15-19 female age group. Community prevalence and DALYs increased slightly, whilst community incidence has remained relatively stable. During the study period, mortality rates and the average hospital inpatient length of stay for AN declined for females 15-29 years.

Conclusion

Overnight hospitalisation rates for AN particularly increased amongst young females (15-29) in Australia over the past decade. Less substantial increases in community incidence, community prevalence and DALYs, and declining mortality were also observed.
Palliative Care: A Survey of Program Benchmarking for Productivity and Compensation
Authors: Mayer Adam Michael , Dahlin Constance , Seidenschmidt Lauren , Dillon Hannah , Brown Ashlyn , Crawford Thomas , Coyne Patrick
Published: February 2022

Background: Palliative Care (PC) encompasses an integrated health care philosophy of care for individuals with serious illnesses and their families. Referrals to palliative care often come from other healthcare clinicians who lack the time and skill required to address the needs of the patient and their caregivers. At its heart, palliative care is individualized to the values, beliefs, and goals of the patient. The process of eliciting values, beliefs, and goals takes time and expertise, and correspondingly, palliative care is labor intensive. To date, there has been no concentrated focus on how to accurately capture the productivity or work of palliative care clinicians. As a result, there is not a universally accepted method of measuring the effort which includes impact, activity, composition, and productivity of a palliative care program. Objective: This paper reviews results obtained during a telephone survey of similar hospital-based palliative care programs on how they measure productivity. Currently, based on the survey, there are two focused methods for benchmarking: work relative value units (wRVU) and consult volume. This paper highlights the variability of wRVUs and the challenge of using them to compare different PC programs. Design: The design was an open-ended question telephone survey. Using the characteristics of our hospital program, the team created a composite of descriptions to consider for comparison. Then, various hospital-based palliative care teams were selected based on publicly reported data through Vizient, a national benchmarking organization. Based on a literature review, an open-ended question survey was created. These questions explored program composition, clinician productivity and performance benchmarks. Data was collected manually and stored in a confidential file. Result: Ninety-four programs were queried that met the following composite: (1) participated in Vizient program and (2) self-reported a hospital-based, inpatient palliative program. Forty-one programs responded to the request to participate. Of these, 32 programs consisted of facilities who had hospitalists who provided palliative care, but there was not a dedicated palliative care team. Nine programs had a dedicated palliative care team with clinicians who only practiced palliative medicine. Inquiry to these programs revealed that within these nine programs—two methods of capturing clinician productivity were used—five sites used a wRVU metric and four sites used a consult volume metric. Conclusion: Preliminary findings support the complexity of benchmarking PC programs against peer institutions with a standard productivity model based on the variability in program composition.
Clinical Application of Hyperdry Amniotic Membrane in Cleft Palate Repair
Authors: Fujiwara Kumiko , Tsuno Hiroaki , Okabe Motonori , Yoshida Toshiko , Imaue Shuichi , Tomihara Kei , Arai Naoya , Noguchi Makoto
Published: February 2022

Objective

To examine the safety and efficacy of hyperdry amniotic membrane (HDAM) for wound closure after palatoplasty in cleft palate patients.

Methods

HDAMs were prepared by washing and drying under infrared rays and microwaves at temperatures less than 60°C using a hyperdrying device. A total of 16 cleft palate patients (8 males, 8 females), aged 1 to 3 years (mean age 1 year 9 months), received one-stage pushback palatoplasty. The remaining raw wound after surgery was covered by an HDAM and a plastic cover plate. The cover plate was removed 1 week after surgery and parameters including temperature, feeding, allergic reactions, postoperative bleeding, re-epithelialization, wound dehiscence, and infection were monitored during the follow-up period of 31.2 months.

Results

All patients could adequately ingest at 5 days postoperation and after removal of the cover plate. None of the patients had a persistent fever or allergic reactions. Ingestion was feasible immediately in all patients, and no postoperative bleeding was observed during ingestion. No secondary hemorrhages were observed during follow-up. No postoperative wound dehiscence on the midline of the palate was observed. No infections were observed after the removal of the cover plate. No patients suffered from severe scar formation or contracture of the wound in the follow-up period. Hemorrhage, undue epithelialization, and scar contracture did not occur in any patient. The mean evaluation score was 7.75 points.

Conclusion

HDAM can be used safely and effectively for wound closure following palatoplasty in cleft palate infants. Future studies testing the safety of patient's own amnion for palatoplasty, are required.
Mindful Members: Developing a Mindset for Reliable Performance in Extreme Contexts
Authors: Kalkman Jori Pascal
Published: February 2022

This paper aims to describe how organizational members develop a mindset that enables mindful operations in extreme contexts. Scholars have been divided over how collective mindfulness can be achieved. The literature on High Reliability Organizations (HROs) argues for heterogeneity through promoting skepticism, diversity, and dissent. Yet, studies on organizing in extreme contexts emphasize cohesion as a precondition for collective action under extreme circumstances. Thus, organizational members face competing needs for cohesion (integration) and heterogeneity (diversity). This longitudinal study of military officers joining Dutch crisis management organizations shows how they resolve this tension. Mindful members combine functional distance with social integration, mediated by a considerate approach based on sensitivity, tact, and trust. This mindset is gradually developed after a process that is initially characterized by fragmentation and inner struggles. When successful, organizational members cultivate a mindful mindset and contribute to reliable performance in extreme contexts.
“Too Much” Self-Efficacy? Understanding the Curvilinear Consequences of Between-Person Self-Efficacy through a Moderated-Mediation Model of Perceived Proximity and Employee Effort
Authors: Bachrach Daniel G. , Rapp Tammy L. , Rapp Adam A. , Ogilvie Jessica
Published: February 2022

Building from a paradox frame, we argue that at the between-person level the relationship between self-efficacy and effort may be nonlinear. We bound our conceptual model with a focus on perceived proximity, reflecting employees’ perceptions of how close they feel to their organization and colleagues. We test our model in a lagged, multi-source field study, with matching employee survey data from 1502 employees, and archival effort, and performance, metrics collected several months later. The results from our analyses reveal a curvilinear association between self-efficacy and effort, which is moderated by perceived proximity. We also find that the relationship between self-efficacy and performance is mediated by effort for individuals with low self-efficacy (Low SEs), but not for individuals with moderate (Moderate SEs) or high self-efficacy (High SEs). Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Youth Advantage Versus Gender Penalty: Selecting and Electing Young Candidates
Authors: Belschner Jana
Published: February 2022

Young people are under-represented in formal politics. While this may be a mere projection of their lack among voters and party members, the article investigates whether being young is a disadvantage in election processes, and if age effects differ by gender. Bridging the literature on gender & politics and political behavior, the article draws on an innovative sequential mixed-method design. Studying the 2019 Irish local elections, it uses 33 interviews to build hypotheses, which are subsequently tested on an original candidate-level dataset ( n = 1884). The findings suggest that, when controlling for party affiliation and political status, being young can provide a net electoral advantage to male candidates. In contrast, young female candidates appear to be advantaged by their age but penalized by their gender. The article thus contributes to our understanding about the conditions right at the start of political careers and the emergence of intersectional representational inequalities.
Semi-active control of a new quasi-zero stiffness air suspension for commercial vehicles based on H2H∞ state feedback
Authors: Chen Lei , Xu Xing , Liang Cong , Jiang Xin-wei , Wang Feng
Published: February 2022

To further improve the comprehensive vibration isolation performance of commercial vehicles equipped with traditional passive air suspensions under complex driving conditions, this paper proposes a damping control method based on a new configuration of quasi-zero stiffness air suspension . First, the nonlinear model of quasi-zero stiffness air suspension is established by combining gas thermodynamics and suspension dynamics theories. The semi-active control model of a quarter vehicle quasi-zero stiffness air suspension system is generalized to a linear system considering the uncertainty of stiffness parameter based on the Taylor series expansion. Then, the H2 norm of the sprung mass acceleration is adopted as the control output performance index, while the suspension dynamic deflection constraint and the tire dynamic load constraint are taken as the H ∞ performance constraint output index. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, the H2 H ∞ state feedback control law is designed, and the control law design problem is transformed into a convex optimization problem with linear matrix inequalities. Finally, co-simulation and hardware-in-the-loop test results demonstrate that the proposed new semi-active quasi-zero stiffness air suspension structure and H2 H ∞ robust control method are effective in substantially improving the multi-objective comprehensive performance of commercial vehicles under different driving conditions.
Oxaliplatin related multiple focal nodular hyperplasia mimicking metastasis from a gastric cancer
Authors: González-Ballesteros Xavier A , Muñoz-Leija David , Muñoz-Díaz Ana C , Negreros-Osuna Adrián A
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The FOLFOX6 scheme is a combination drug chemotherapy that contains calcium leucovorin (folinic acid), fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin, the chronic use of chemotherapy with oxaliplatin can progress to focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), which is a benign hepatic lesion.

Case report

We present a case of a 26- year-old female diagnosed with an ovarian mixed germ cell tumor with extension to the peritoneum, treated with 12 cycles in 9 months with neoadjuvant chemotherapy FOLFOX 6 scheme and oophorectomy. A three-year follow-up CT showed three nodular and hypervascular hepatic lesions suspicious of metastatic disease; an MRI with liver-specific contrast confirmed the diagnosis of FNH.

Management and outcome

The patient continued her follow-up without other treatment and metastatic disease.

Discussion

While most multiple liver lesions in a patient with cancer will be suspicious of metastasis, a careful drug history should be obtained, as an oxaliplatin-related side effect to develop FNH has been reported. MRI with liver-specific contrast has a positive predictive value of 95% because of the biliary excretion through OATP1B3 transporter, expressed in functional hepatocytes and overexpressed in some liver tumors such as FNH, so it should be performed when FNH is suspected.
The Effect of Attitudes Towards Individuals with Sexual Convictions on Professional and Student Risk Judgments
Authors: Harper Craig A. , Hicks Rachel A.
Published: February 2022

Attitudes towards individuals with sexual convictions is an area with growing research interest, but the effects of such attitudes on professional judgments is largely unexplored. What is known from the existing literature is that attitudes guide the interpretation of sexual crime related information, which cascade into potential biased or heuristically driven judgments. In this study we recruited samples of both students ( n = 341) and forensic professionals ( n = 186) to explore whether attitudes towards individuals with sexual convictions predicted risk judgments of hypothetical sexual offense scenarios, and whether this relationship is moderated by professional status or perpetrator characteristics. Forensic professionals expressed more positive attitudes overall, but the significant effect of attitudes on risk judgments was consistent between participant groups and was not moderated by perpetrator age or sex. We suggest that relying on attitudes as a basis for risk judgments opens the door to incorrect (and potentially dangerous) decision-making and discuss our data in terms of their potential clinical implications. An open-access preprint of this work is available at https://psyarxiv.com/rjt5h/ .
Efficacy of modified active packaging with oxygen scavengers for the preservation of sliced Iberian dry-cured shoulder
Authors: Martín-Mateos Maria Jesús , Amaro-Blanco Gonzalo , Manzano Raquel , Andrés Ana I. , Ramírez Rosario
Published: February 2022

The effectiveness of commercial oxygen scavengers was investigated in order to increase the shelf-life of sliced dry-cured Iberian shoulder in MAP (modified atmosphere packaging) for up to 150 days. Five dry-cured shoulders from Iberian pigs were used. Slices of these dry-cured shoulders were randomly packaged in MAP conditions. An active packaging (AP) with oxygen scavengers was evaluated to reduce the level of oxygen within the headspace as close to 0% as possible. AP was compared to a Control Treatment (C) (without scavenger). Sliced dry-cured Iberian shoulder in AP showed lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values (TBARS) than control packages after 150 days of storage, and in general, volatile compounds derived from lipid oxidation, increased in C packages, whereas these remained steady in AP. Therefore, AP was effective to decrease the development of lipid oxidation during storage. In contrast, AP was not effective in preserving color changes, although no sensory differences between treatments were appreciated by the panelists.
Sustainability, Gender Equity, and Air Transport: Planning a Stronger Future
Authors: Leuenberger Deniz Zeynep , Lutte Rebecca
Published: February 2022

In 2015, the United Nations member states unanimously adopted 17 Sustainable Development Goals as a part the Agenda for Sustainable Development, with a target completion date of 2030. Of these, (9) Industry Innovation and Infrastructure, (12) Responsible Production and Consumption, and (13) Climate Change have direct links to transportation and to aviation. One goal, (5) Gender Equality has especially powerful connections to and impacts on air transport. This paper will discuss the relationship between sustainability, gender equity, and air transport and make recommendations for a future of transport that is economically, socially, financially, and environmentally more sustainable.
Agreeableness and Its Consequences: A Quantitative Review of Meta-Analytic Findings
Authors: Wilmot Michael P. , Ones Deniz S.
Published: February 2022

Agreeableness impacts people and real-world outcomes. In the most comprehensive quantitative review to date, we summarize results from 142 meta-analyses reporting effects for 275 variables, which represent N > 1.9 million participants from k > 3,900 studies. Arranging variables by their content and type, we use an organizational framework of 16 conceptual categories that presents a detailed account of Agreeableness’ external relations. Overall, the trait has effects in a desirable direction for 93% of variables (grand mean [Formula: see text]). We also review lower order trait evidence for 42 variables from 20 meta-analyses. Using these empirical findings, in tandem with existing theory, we synthesize eight general themes that describe Agreeableness’ characteristic functioning across variables: self-transcendence, contentment, relational investment, teamworking, work investment, lower results emphasis, social norm orientation, and social integration. We conclude by discussing potential boundary conditions of findings, contributions and limitations of our review, and future research directions.
A randomized controlled study to compare first stick success with Instaflash technology: The FIRSST study
Authors: Seetharam Arun Mavaji , Raju Umashankar , Suresh K
Published: February 2022

Background:

Peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) are frequently used in clinical settings for intravenous access. Multiple attempts of PIVC insertions leads to patient discomfort, delay in treatment, associated complications, and extensive expenditure cost. Reduced number of attempts causes patient/nursing personnel satisfaction and expenditure costs. The present study evaluated performance efficacy of BD Venflon™ I with Instaflash needle technology (investigational device) as compared to the BD Venflon™ without Instaflash needle technology (control device).

Methodology:

The PIVC insertions were randomized in the ratio 1:1 using either investigational or control device and were monitored for first stick success rate, ease of insertion, and patient satisfaction. Data was analyzed using R 4.0.3 and Microsoft Excel. Chi square test was used to establish association between two categorical variables.

Results:

In total, 1402 patients were analyzed for first attempt insertion success which showed 98.72% success rate in investigational device as compared to 88.87% success rate in case of the control device ( p = 0.0004). Marginal differences were observed in ease of insertion in investigational (98.71%) and control devices (99%) signifying high satisfaction levels of nursing personnels. Positive responses were observed in investigational (98.01%) and control devices (99%) underlining satisfactory performances of overall patient experiences.

Conclusion:

The present study showed that BD Venflon™ I with Instaflash needle technology enhanced first attempt insertion success rate along with marginal differences in its efficacy in comparison with the BD Venflon™ without Instaflash needle technology thus enhancing patient and nursing personnel satisfaction in turn making it a better alternative to be used in hospitals.
Decrease in Plasma miR-27a and miR-221 After Concussion in Australian Football Players
Authors: Shultz Sandy R , Taylor Caroline J , Aggio-Bruce Riemke , O’Brien William T , Sun Mujun , Cioanca Adrian V , Neocleous George , Symons Georgia F , Brady Rhys D , Hardikar Anandwardhan A , Joglekar Mugdha V , Costello Daniel M , O’Brien Terence J , Natoli Riccardo , McDonald Stuart J
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Sports-related concussion (SRC) is a common form of brain injury that lacks reliable methods to guide clinical decisions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can influence biological processes involved in SRC, and measurement of miRNAs in biological fluids may provide objective diagnostic and return to play/recovery biomarkers. Therefore, this prospective study investigated the temporal profile of circulating miRNA levels in concussed male and female athletes.

Methods:

Pre-season baseline blood samples were collected from amateur Australian rules football players (82 males, 45 females). Of these, 20 males and 8 females sustained an SRC during the subsequent season and underwent blood sampling at 2-, 6- and 13-days post-injury. A miRNA discovery Open Array was conducted on plasma to assess the expression of 754 known/validated miRNAs. miRNA target identified were further investigated with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in a validation study. Data pertaining to SRC symptoms, demographics, sporting history, education history and concussion history were also collected.

Results:

Discovery analysis identified 18 candidate miRNA. The consequent validation study found that plasma miR-221-3p levels were decreased at 6d and 13d, and that miR-27a-3p levels were decreased at 6d, when compared to baseline. Moreover, miR-27a and miR-221-3p levels were inversely correlated with SRC symptom severity.

Conclusion:

Circulating levels of miR-27a-3p and miR-221-3p were decreased in the sub-acute stages after SRC, and were inversely correlated with SRC symptom severity. Although further studies are required, these analyses have identified miRNA biomarker candidates of SRC severity and recovery that may one day assist in its clinical management.
Whole-Brain Radiotherapy Combined With Anlotinib for Multiple Brain Metastases From Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Without Targetable Driver Mutation: A Single-Arm, Phase II Study
Authors: Liu Jianjiang , Xu Jun , Ye Wanli , Zhong Wangyan , Zhang Xiaoyu , Mao Jiwei , Wu Dongping
Published: February 2022

Background:

Existing evidence demonstrates that radiotherapy and antiangiogenic drugs have synergistic antitumour effects and may be a promising treatment option for patients with solid tumour. Thus, we performed a phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) combined with anlotinib for multiple brain metastases (BMs) from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without targetable driver mutations.

Methods:

Patients with multiple BMs (⩾3) from NSCLC without targetable driver mutations who failed to respond to at least first-line chemotherapy were enrolled. Eligible patients received WBRT (30 Gy/10 f, 5 f/week) and anlotinib (12 mg/day, day 1-14 of 21 days per cycle, 2 cycles) until disease progression or treatment intolerance. The primary endpoint was intracranial objective response rate (iORR) and secondary endpoints included intracranial progression-free survival (iPFS), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and safety.

Results:

Between April 2019 and March 2021, 21 patients were enrolled in the trial, of which 12 were aged ⩾60 years (57.1%), 13 were men (61.9%), 7 had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status score of 0 to 1 (81.0%), 18 had adenocarcinoma (85.7%), and 11 had ⩾6 BMs (52.4%). Of the 21 evaluable patients, the iORR was 66.7% (1 complete response + 13 partial response [PR]), and 28.6% (7PR) had extracerebral lesions. The DCRs for intracerebral and extracerebral lesions were 90.5% and 81.0%, respectively. The iPFS and OS were 10.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0-24.8 months) and 13.4 months (95% CI: 0-27.9 months), respectively. The most frequently observed toxicities were loss of appetite (61.9%), hypertension (52.4%), fatigue (47.6%), diarrhoea (28.6%), vomiting (19.0%), dizziness (42.9%), and headache (33.3%). None of the patients developed grade 4 or higher grade adverse reactions.

Conclusions:

Anlotinib combined with WBRT is effective and well tolerated in patients with multiple BMs (⩾3) from NSCLC without targetable driver mutations. Therefore, further validation studies are required. Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR 1900027769
Only you can save the world (of videogames): Authoritarian agencies in the heroism of videogame design, play, and culture
Authors: Jennings Stephanie C
Published: February 2022

Joseph Campbell’s classical monomyth claims to describe a universal human narrative: the hero’s journey. For decades, it has commanded a revered position in American literary theory, global media production, and the world of videogames. Although the monomyth is still one of the few recognized approaches to videogame writing, there have been few critical examinations of it as a dominant design paradigm. This article therefore interrogates the power dynamics of monomythic videogames, especially concerning authoritarian agencies in the ‘world savior’ model of many AAA titles. Understanding authoritarianism as an agentic modality of gameplay, the study uses an assemblage-based approach that encompasses the agencies of popular designs and their embedded ideologies; labor conditions of videogame production; gaming culture; political contexts; monomyth- and authoritarianism-saturated media landscapes; exertions of nonhuman actors and player’s subjectivities. To illustrate the patterns of authoritarian modalities in world-savior videogames, I conduct an analysis of Horizon Zero Dawn as an exemplary case study. Finally, I turn to gaming culture for evidence of the potentials that these videogames have to nourish authoritarian sensibilities, highlighting the parallel authoritarian agencies of heroic gameplay and harassment campaigns like GamerGate.
Cartographies of migration and mobility as levers of deferral policies
Authors: Gomis Elsa C
Published: February 2022

This article questions the rhetoric of objectivity attached to cartographies of migration and their relationship to a contemporary political context. A search on Google Images for the keywords ‘migration’ + ‘Europe’ allows us to observe the increasing popularity of maps to portray displacements of people. These maps are created by geographers and analysts from data collected and compiled by international organisations and NGOs. These visual messages are widely disseminated in mainstream media, research papers and educational resources. An examination of these cartographies shows that in their greater part they are representing human displacements by broad arrows, often in warm colours, pointing in the direction of European countries. These cartographies have a war-like aspect conveying the idea of a threatening invasion. How can one reveal the relationships between the messaging conveyed by migration mappings and the public narratives on the same topic? Building on a wide scholarship on critical geography and on art historian Aby Warburg’s theories on the survival of images later theorised by Georges Didi-Huberman, this article focuses on cartographies illustrating the so-called 2015 migration ‘crisis’ to highlight the collective imaginary attached to mainstream cartographies of migration. As a first step, it provides an historical perspective on the way this kind of messaging has impacted visual descriptions of human mobilities to the point of influencing the Brexit referendum campaign. As a second step, it explores the experimental cartographies created by geographers and artists that embrace subjectivity and offer unique overviews of the experience of the border.
Moving toward AI-assisted decision-making: Observation on clinicians’ management of multimedia patient information in synchronous and asynchronous telehealth contexts
Authors: Hah Hyeyoung , Goldin Deana
Published: February 2022

Background. Artificial intelligence (AI) intends to support clinicians’ patient diagnosis decisions by processing and identifying insights from multimedia patient information. Objective. We explored clinicians’ current decision-making patterns using multimedia patient information (MPI) provided by AI algorithms and identified areas where AI can support clinicians in diagnostic decision-making. Design. We recruited 87 advanced practice nursing (APN) students who had experience making diagnostic decisions using AI algorithms under various care contexts, including telehealth and other healthcare modalities. The participants described their diagnostic decision-making experiences using videos, images, and audio-based MPI. Results. Clinicians processed multimedia patient information differentially such that their focus, selection, and utilization of MPI influence diagnosis and satisfaction levels. Conclusions and implications. To streamline collaboration between AI and clinicians across healthcare contexts, AI should understand clinicians’ patterns of MPI processing under various care environments and provide them with interpretable analytic results for them. Furthermore, clinicians must be trained with the interface and contents of AI technology and analytic assistance.
Effect of time-delay feedback control on vehicle seat vibration reduction and suspension performance
Authors: Ma Kehui , Zhang Yongguo , Ren Chuanbo , Chen Yajie , Zhou Pengcheng , Chen Yuanchang
Published: February 2022

To reduce seat vibration caused by uneven road surfaces, the time-delay feedback control into the seat suspension system was introduced and an active seat suspension control method based on time-delay feedback was proposed in this paper. A three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) suspension model with time-delay feedback control was established. The time-delay independent stability region and critical stability curve of the system were derived using the method of characteristic root and stability switching. The effect of feedback control parameters on system vibration was investigated in the stability region. The seat acceleration (SA), body acceleration (BA), suspension dynamic deflection (SDD), and tire dynamic displacement (TDD) were used as multi-objective optimization functions and the optimal values of feedback control parameters were obtained based on the particle swarm algorithm (PSO) with above optimization functions. The numerical simulation was conducted to validate the proposed model. The simulated results show that the time-delay feedback control can significantly suppress the vibration response of the seat and effectively improve the suspension performance under different road excitation compared with the passive suspension. It can be seen that the active seat suspension with time-delay control significantly improve ride comfort and handling stability of the vehicle, which can be used as a reference for the active control technology of vehicle suspension.