bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INCLUSIVE VILLAGE, REVIEW OF VILLAGE GOVERNMENT CAPACITY IN EMPOWERING DISABILITIES(STUDY IN SUMBERRAHAYU VILLAGE, KAPANEWON MOYUDAN, SLEMAN REGENCY, SPECIAL REGION OF YOGYAKARTA)
Authors: Muhammad Adji Suradji , Sriyanti Cici , Suswaini Eka
Published: June 2024

This study aims to find out how the capacity of the Sumberrahayu Village Government is in relation to persons with disabilities in the Inclusive Village Program. Through a qualitative descriptive approach with supporting data based on interviews, observation, and documentation, the data is then collected and validated before conclusions are drawn. Based on the various data obtained, it is known that the Sumberrrahayu Kapanewon Moyudan Village Government has the capacity to empower persons with disabilities. This capacity is demonstrated by the issuance of Village Regulation Number 01 of 2015 concerning the 2015–2020 Medium Term Development Plan, which includes persons with disabilities in the planning process. Apart from being involved in the process of preparing the RPJMDesa, the kelurahan government also provides funding for programs and activities that support the preservation of persons with disabilities, especially in the economic field, empowering rural communities with the aim of improving the management of social service activities in the education and health sectors. In addition, women's and children's groups are also empowered. This is done by the Kelurahan government with the aim that persons with disabilities, especially persons with severe disabilities, can increase their independence and participate actively in development and can enjoy the results of development equally.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INDONESIAN ELECTRONIC HAJJ HEALTH CARD (KKJH) SERVICE IN MEDAN CITY
Authors: Zai Novita Anis , Siti Hazzah Nur R
Published: June 2024

The Electronic Hajj Health Card Service for Indonesian Pilgrims (KKJH) is one of the Public Service programs with a background in changing the service system from manual to electronic. The Indonesian Electronic Hajj Health Card Service Program (KKJH) is implemented with the aim of Ease of Service by health workers because the medical history of prospective pilgrims (CJH) is more complete, organized, dynamic, and up to date. Apart from that, this program also adapts to the paperless era but in practice the implementation of the program is not evenly distributed between officers so that the information received by the community is not evenly distributed. This study aims to describe in detail how public services through the Implementation of Indonesian Electronic Hajj Health Card Services (KKJH) in Medan City use descriptive research methods with a qualitative approach.The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively with the implementation theory approach by Charles Jones which includes organization, interpretation, and application.The results of the study show that the Medan City Health Office must further enhance cooperation with the Main Health Center such as the Padang Bulan Health Center UPT so that the socialization process can be better understood by health workers so that health workers at the health center can carry out the program effectively and the public will understand more about the main function of Health Hajj Card Services Hajj (KKJH) Electronic Indonesia).
EVALUATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REHABILITATION PROGRAM FOR DRUG ADDICTS IN BENGKULU CITY
Authors: Yolanda Monika Dwi , Putra Bobby Mandala , Yanto Hernowo Novi
Published: June 2024

This research aims to evaluate the implementation of the drug addict rehabilitation program in Bengkulu City. This type of qualitative research uses a case study method or approach using observation, interview and documentation data collection techniques. The results of the research are the rehabilitation program at the BNN in the Bengkulu Province Rehabilitation Home. 1) While residents are undergoing rehabilitation with inpatient treatment at the BNN in the Bengkulu Province rehabilitation home, the residents take part in screening, assessment and counseling programs. 2) SOPs carry out program implementation, and SOPs are formed based on the applicable legal basis regarding drug abuse. 3) Carrying out assessment interviews using the 7 domains contained in the ASI form, namely, General, Medical, Economic, Drugs (Substances), Legal (Law), Family, and Psychiatry 3) Resident assessments using SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable , Relevant, Time-bound).
Treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Koh Tae Kyung , Kim Jooyeon
Published: June 2024

In the majority of cases, pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Therefore, adenotonsillectomy is typically considered as the first line of treatment. However, the severity of pediatric OSA is not always directly correlated with the size of the adenoids and tonsils. Other factors, such as upper airway anatomy or obesity, may interact in a multifactorial manner to contribute to its occurrence. For these reasons, sleep apnea in obese children may resemble the condition in adults. Furthermore, in these cases, if adenotonsillar hypertrophy is present, adenotonsillectomy is likely to be prioritized. Reevaluation should be conducted 6 to 8 weeks post-surgery, and additional treatment for residual sleep apnea should be performed thereafter when necessary.
Train Timetabling Optimisation Model Considering Headway Coordination between Mainline and Depot
Authors: ZHANG Hai , NI Shaoquan , LV Miaomiao
Published: June 2024

This paper proposes an optimisation model for an urban rail transit line timetable considering headway coordination between the mainline and the depot during the transition period. The model accounts for the tracking operation scenario of trains inserted from the depot onto the mainline and related train operation constraints. The optimisation objectives are the number of trains inserted, maximum train capacity rate and average headway deviation. Second-generation non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm is designed to solve the model. A case study shows that optimisation achieves a total of 25 trains inserted, a maximum train capacity rate of 0.975 and an average headway deviation of 9.5 s, resulting in significant improvements in train operations and passenger satisfaction. Compared with the current train timetable before optimisation, the average dwell time and the maximum train capacity rate at various stations have been reduced after optimisation. The proposed model and approach can be used for train timetabling optimisation and managing the operations of urban rail transit lines.
Multimodal HLA-I genotype regulation by human cytomegalovirus US10 and resulting surface patterning
Authors: Gerke Carolin , Bauersfeld Liane , Schirmeister Ivo , Mireisz Chiara Noemi-Marie , Oberhardt Valerie , Mery Lea , Wu Di , Jürges Christopher Sebastian , Spaapen Robbert M , Mussolino Claudio , Le-Trilling Vu Thuy Khanh , Trilling Mirko , Dölken Lars , Paster Wolfgang , Erhard Florian , Hofmann Maike , Schlosser Andreas , Hengel Hartmut , Momburg Frank , Halenius Anne
Published: June 2024

Human leucocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) molecules play a central role for both NK and T-cell responses that prevent serious human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) disease. To create opportunities for viral spread, several HCMV-encoded immunoevasins employ diverse strategies to target HLA-I. Among these, the glycoprotein US10 is so far insufficiently studied. While it was reported that US10 interferes with HLA-G expression, its ability to manipulate classical HLA-I antigen presentation remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that US10 recognizes and binds to all HLA-I (HLA-A, -B, -C, -E, -G) heavy chains. Additionally, impaired recruitment of HLA-I to the peptide loading complex was observed. Notably, the associated effects varied significantly dependending on HLA-I genotype and allotype: (i) HLA-A molecules evaded downregulation by US10, (ii) tapasin-dependent HLA-B molecules showed impaired maturation and cell surface expression, and (iii) β2m-assembled HLA-C, in particular HLA-C*05:01 and -C*12:03, and HLA-G were strongly retained in complex with US10 in the endoplasmic reticulum. These genotype-specific effects on HLA-I were confirmed through unbiased HLA-I ligandome analyses. Furthermore, in HCMV-infected fibroblasts inhibition of overlapping US10 and US11 transcription had little effect on HLA-A, but induced HLA-B antigen presentation. Thus, the US10-mediated impact on HLA-I results in multiple geno- and allotypic effects in a so far unparalleled and multimodal manner.
Metabolic regulation of misfolded protein import into mitochondria
Authors: Wang Yuhao , Ruan Linhao , Zhu Jin , Zhang Xi , Chang Alexander Chih-Chieh , Tomaszewski Alexis , Li Rong
Published: June 2024

Mitochondria are the cellular energy hub and central target of metabolic regulation. Mitochondria also facilitate proteostasis through pathways such as the ‘mitochondria as guardian in cytosol’ (MAGIC) whereby cytosolic misfolded proteins (MPs) are imported into and degraded inside mitochondria. In this study, a genome-wide screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae uncovered that Snf1, the yeast AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibits the import of MPs into mitochondria while promoting mitochondrial biogenesis under glucose starvation. We show that this inhibition requires a downstream transcription factor regulating mitochondrial gene expression and is likely to be conferred through substrate competition and mitochondrial import channel selectivity. We further show that Snf1/AMPK activation protects mitochondrial fitness in yeast and human cells under stress induced by MPs such as those associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
The trunk replaces the longer mandible as the main feeding organ in elephant evolution
Authors: Li Chunxiao , Deng Tao , Wang Yang , Sun Fajun , Wolff Burt , Jiangzuo Qigao , Ma Jiao , Xing Luda , Fu Jiao , Zhang Ji , Wang Shiqi
Published: June 2024

The long-trunked elephantids underwent a significant evolutionary stage characterized by an exceptionally elongated mandible. The initial elongation and subsequent regression of the long mandible, along with its co-evolution with the trunk, present an intriguing issue that remains incompletely understood. Through comparative functional and eco-morphological investigations, as well as feeding preference analysis, we reconstructed the feeding behavior of major groups of longirostrine elephantiforms. In the Platybelodon clade, the rapid evolutionary changes observed in the narial region, strongly correlated with mandible and tusk characteristics, suggest a crucial evolutionary transition where feeding function shifted from the mandible to the trunk, allowing proboscideans to expand their niches to more open regions. This functional shift further resulted in elephantids relying solely on their trunks for feeding. Our research provides insights into how unique environmental pressures shape the extreme evolution of organs, particularly in large mammals that developed various peculiar adaptations during the late Cenozoic global cooling trends.
Frequent intertrophic transmission of Wolbachia by parasitism but not predation
Authors: Yan Zhi-Chao , Qi Lan-Da , Ji Han-Le , Wang Xiao-Xiang , Hong Xiao-Yue , Li Yuan-Xi
Published: June 2024

Wolbachia
is one of the most pervasive symbionts, estimated to infect ∼50% of arthropod species. It is primarily transmitted vertically, inducing a variety of fascinating reproductive manipulations to promote its spread within host populations. However, incongruences between host and
Wolbachia
phylogenies indicate substantial horizontal transmissions, the mechanisms of which are largely unexplored. By systematically analyzing
Wolbachia
surface protein (
wsp
) sequences on NCBI, we found that parasitism, not predation, is the primary route of intertropical
Wolbachia
transmission. This conclusion held after accounting sampling bias. One example of frequent
Wolbachia
transfers is between egg parasitoid wasps,
Trichogramma
, and their lepidopteran hosts. Moreover, both bioinformatics and experimental results showed that
Wolbachia
from the parasitoid wasp
Encarsia formosa
can be transmitted to its whitefly host
Bemisia tabaci
, through unsuccessful parasitism. Once
En. formosa Wolbachia
is transferred to whiteflies, it can be vertically transmitted within whiteflies and induce fitness costs. To our knowledge, this is the first compelling evidence that
Wolbachia
can be transmitted from parasitoid wasps to their hosts, revealing the bidirectional nature of
Wolbachia
transfers between parasitoids and their hosts. Overall, our findings enrich the current understanding of the horizontal transmission of
Wolbachia
and shed new light on its ecology and evolution.
Engineering PEG10-assembled endogenous virus-like particles with genetically encoded neoantigen peptides for cancer vaccination
Authors: Tang Ruijing , Guo Luobin , Wei Tingyu , Chen Tingting , Yang Huan , Ye Honghao , Lin Fangzhou , Zeng Yongyi , Yu Haijun , Cai Zhixiong , Liu Xiaolong
Published: June 2024

Tumor neoantigen peptide vaccines hold potential for boosting cancer immunotherapy, yet efficiently co-delivering peptides and adjuvants to antigen-presenting cells in vivo remains challenging. Virus-like particle (VLP), which is a kind of multiprotein structure organized as virus, can deliver therapeutic substances into cells and stimulate immune response. However, the weak targeted delivery of VLP in vivo and its susceptibility to neutralization by antibodies hinder their clinical applications. Here, we first designed a novel protein carrier using the mammalian-derived capsid protein PEG10, which can self-assemble into endogenous VLP (eVLP) with high protein loading and transfection efficiency. Then, an engineered tumor vaccine, named ePAC, was developed by packaging genetically encoded neoantigen into eVLP with further modification of CpG-ODN on its surface to serve as an adjuvant and targeting unit to dendritic cells (DCs). Significantly, ePAC can efficiently target and transport neoantigens to DCs, and promote DCs maturation to induce neoantigen-specific T cells. Moreover, in mouse orthotopic liver cancer and humanized mouse tumor models, ePAC combined with anti-TIM-3 exhibited remarkable antitumor efficacy. Overall, these results support that ePAC could be safely utilized as cancer vaccines for antitumor therapy, showing significant potential for clinical translation.
Mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome reveal the genetic structure of the native Polish Konik horse population
Authors: Musiał Adrianna Dominika , Radović Lara , Stefaniuk-Szmukier Monika , Bieniek Agnieszka , Wallner Barbara , Ropka-Molik Katarzyna
Published: June 2024

Polish Konik remains one of the most important horse breeds in Poland. The primitive, native horses with a stocky body and mouse-like coat color are protected by a conservation program, while their Polish population consists of about 3,480 individuals, representing 16 dam and six sire lines. To define the population’s genetic structure, mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome sequence variables were identified. The mtDNA whole hypervariable region analysis was carried out using the Sanger sequencing method on 233 Polish Koniks belonging to all dam lines, while the Y chromosome analysis was performed with the competitive allele-specific PCR genotyping method on 36 horses belonging to all sire lines. The analysis of the mtDNA hypervariable region detected 47 SNPs, which assigned all tested horses to 43 haplotypes. Most dam lines presented more than one haplotype; however, five dam lines were represented by only one haplotype. The haplotypes were classified into six (A, B, E, J, G, R) recognized mtDNA haplogroups, with most horses belonging to haplogroup A, common among Asian horse populations. Y chromosome analysis allocated Polish Koniks in the Crown group, condensing all modern horse breeds, and divided them into three haplotypes clustering with coldblood breeds (28 horses), warmblood breeds (two horses), and Duelmener Pony (six horses). The clustering of all Wicek sire line stallions with Duelmener horses may suggest a historical relationship between the breeds. Additionally, both mtDNA and Y chromosome sequence variability results indicate crossbreeding before the studbooks closure or irregularities in the pedigrees occurred before the DNA testing introduction.
Effect of Topical Application of Tranexamic Acid on Wound Drainage and Seroma Formation after Modified Radical Mastectomy: An Observational Study
Authors: Thomas Grishma Reba , Rajesh PS
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy detected in the female population in Kerala, India. Seroma formation after Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) may lead to a delay in recovery, a prolongation of hospital stay, and can also affect treatment by delaying adjuvant therapy and increasing the risk of infection. Topical Tranexamic Acid (TXA) reduces bleeding, wound drainage duration and seroma formation. Aim: To find the effect of topical application of TXA on wound drainage and seroma formation after MRM. Materials and Methods: The present prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, India, from February 2022 to January 2023. A total of 150 patients who underwent MRM were randomly selected to receive either TXA or a placebo before wound closure. Two groups were formed: Group-1 (interventional group) received 20 mL of diluted TXA (25 mg/mL), while Group-2 (placebo group) received normal saline. Each group consisted of 75 female patients. They were compared based on drain amount, number of days the drain was in place and seroma formation. Categorical parameters like the number of days the drain was kept, cumulative drain amount, and seroma occurrence were expressed as percentages. Statistical analysis was done with Chi-square test with a p-value <0.05. Results: The median age of the patients was 50-60 years. On postoperative day 1, the drain amount in Group-1 was 37.3%, while in Group-2, it was 54.7%, with 1.3% of patients in Group-1 and 6.7% in Group-2 having more than 300 mL drained (p-value=0.001). By postoperative day 7, 21.3% of patients in Group-1 had drained less than 50 mL, compared to only 4% in Group-2 (p-value=0.02). The majority of patients in Group-1 had their drains removed in 5-10 days (97.3%), whereas in Group-2, drains were removed in 11-14 days (56%). Seroma formation occurred in 8% of patients in Group-1 and 5.3% in Group-2 (p-value=0.512). Conclusion: All patients tolerated TXA without any side effects and it effective in lowering the volume and duration of wound drainage following MRM.
Towards Effective Educational Governance: An Evaluation of Managerial Skills of Palawan State University Administrators
Authors: Sayang Maria Ching A.
Published: June 2024

Aims: To assess the managerial skills of the school administrators in terms of communication, human resource management, conflict management, and financial management. Further, the study aims to determine weak areas of their managerial skills that need rooms for improvement to meet the goals and objectives of the school.
Study Design: Using a quantitative research design as data collection method.
Place and Duration of Study: The Palawan State University North and South Campuses from June 2023 to December 2023.
Methodology: This study used a researcher-made questionnaire to collect information about the managerial skills of school administrators from 41 regular faculty members at selected external campuses of Palawan State University.
Results: Data showed that a majority of participants agreed on the managerial skills of the campus directors in terms of communication, human resource management, conflict management.  However, the study also identified areas for improvement, particularly in financial management.
Conclusions: Findings study showed that school administrators received positive evaluations in four important competency areas: communication, human resource management, financial management, and conflict management. The respondents generally agreed on administrators' proficiency, particularly in understanding, communicating, and collaborating with colleagues. However, there's room for improvement in temper management during work pressure situations. Also, the school administrators were perceived positively in maintaining a supportive work environment, showing empathy, and recognizing faculty accomplishments. While they demonstrated competence in ethical budgeting and transparency measures, there is a need to enhance financial reporting frequency and provide more training for faculty on budget matters. In terms of their conflict management skills, school administrators were commended for fostering positive relationships and proactive problem-solving. Hitherto, there is a notable opportunity to improve remedial actions for daily work problems and refine analytical skills.
Impact of Foliar Application of Plant Growth Regulators in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merill)] on Seed Quality and Seedling Establishment
Authors: Nagre Sachin , Tiwari Gyanendra , Ramakrishnan R Shiv , Keerthana S Madhana , Ghogare Mrunal , Upadhyay Anubha , Samaiya R.K. , Nayak Preeti Sagar
Published: June 2024

In recent years, climatic adversities such as drought and flooding have severely impacted soybean production, productivity, and seed quality, especially during the Kharif season. Identifying the most favorable off-season sowing window is important for optimizing the efficient capture of radiation and partitioning of assimilates targeted for optimum seed yield and seed quality. Experiments were conducted during the Rabi to Rabi-summer seasons at the Experimental Research Farm, Seed Technology Research Unit, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) during 2021/2022 and 2022/2023, in a split-split plot design. The 28 treatments combinations comparing two dates of sowing with two spray schedules of seven PGRs treatments (T1Control (no spray), T2 (SA) @ 250 ppm, T3 (SA) @ 500 ppm, T4 (TU) @ 500 ppm, T5 (TU) @ 1000 ppm, T6 (CCC) @ 100 ppm, T7 (IBA) @ 200 ppm) were tested in soybean (JS 20-98) in a spilt-split plot design with three replications. The results revealed significant differences in germination percentage, seedling length, vigor index I, and vigor index II across different sowing dates. The Rabi-summer (D2) exhibited a superior germination percentage of 9.60%, seedling length of 2.81%, vigor index I of 12.64%, and vigor index II of 11.31% over the Rabi season (D1). The application of SA at 500 ppm (T3) increased the germination percentage by 1.48%, seedling length by 6.49%, and vigor index I by 9.70% compared to the control (no spray). The results showed that delaying the sowing date doesn’t affect the seed quality of soybean, and the foliar application of salicylic acid at 500 ppm enhanced the germination percentage, seedling length, and seed vigor index I and IBA at 200 ppm enhanced the seed vigour index II by 4.66% as compared to the control (no spray). These findings provide promising strategies for improving soybean production under various environmental stress conditions.
Influence of Municipal Solid Waste Manure with Different Levels of Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Health Parameters, Growth, and Yield Attributes of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) In Sub-humid Climate Condition in Prayagraj, (U.P.) India
Authors: Singh Surbhi , Swaroop Narendra , Thomas Tarence , Mistry Taniya , Thomas Ashima
Published: June 2024

The objective of the experiment was to evaluate influence of municipal solid waste manure with different levels of inorganic fertilizer on physical properties of soil in cultivation of green gram. The design applied was randomized block design. It was observed that the lowest bulk density and particle density   recorded in treatment T10 (NPK@100% + Municipal Solid Waste Manure @ 7.5 t ha-1). It was observed that treatment T10 (NPK@100% + Municipal Solid Waste Manure @ 7.5 t ha-1) have also influence the soil pore space and WHC. It was also recorded that bulk density and Particle Density maximum in T1 (control). Pore space and WHC also recorded minimum in T1 (control). T9 NPK@100% + Municipal Solid Waste Manure @5 t ha-1) which is almost the best treatment combination in all aspects proven to be economically optimal, based on the current study work.
Evaluating the Impact of Fertilisers and Elicitors on Amaranthus cruentus (L): Sustainable Fertilization and Elicitation Strategies for Enhanced Nutrition and Productivity
Authors: Okunlola Modupe Mary
Published: June 2024

Amaranthus cruentus is a leafy vegetable that is widely grown and consumed in Nigeria. However, little effort has been made to focus on sustainable fertilization and enhance its micronutrient content. Addressing this issue could help alleviate micronutrient deficiencies in Nigeria.
In 2018, Amaranthus cruentus plants were grown in the screen house at the Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria to assess the impact of fertilisers and elicitors on the growth, yield, and micronutrient composition of Amaranthus cruentus. The experiment comprised of compost manure (CP) applied at the rates of 5, 10, and 15 t/ha (CP5, CP10, and CP15), poultry manure (PM) applied at equivalent rates (PM5, PM10, and PM15), and NPK 15:15:15 fertiliser applied at the rates of 50, 100, and 150 kg/ha (NPK50, NPK100, and NPK150), Methyl jasmonate and Salicylic acids applied each at 125, 250, 500 µmol/L (MejA125, MejA250, MejA500; SA125, SA250, SA500,) with a control group receiving no treatment. The study used a completely randomized design with three replicates. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, and stem girth. Harvesting was done six weeks after sowing, and fresh weight, dry matter was determined. Folate, iron, zinc, moisture, crude fiber, and ash contents were determined. Data were analysed with analysis of variance (ANOVA). Means were separated with Duncan Multiple Range Test (P=0.05).
Amaranthus cruentus plants treated with NPK100 exhibited the highest plant height and leaf area. PM10 treatment yielded the highest marketable yield (52.29 g/plant). SA250 resulted in significantly higher folate content (250.20 µg/100) compared to the control. CP10 treatment led to higher iron content (22.00 mg/100g) and zinc concentration (3.86 mg/100g). Compost and poultry manure fertilisers at a rate of 10 t/ha and salicylic acid at 250 µmol/L can improve the nutritional quality of Amaranthus cruentus.
DNA Barcoding: Accelerating Insect Species Discovery and Biodiversity Documentation
Authors: J. S. Rupali , E. Vidya Madhuri , Reddy Gundreddy Raja , Akhil Voodikala S. , N. Ramya , D. Sagar
Published: June 2024

Species identification is essential for recognizing and describing biodiversity. Traditionally, this process has relied on morphological diagnosis through taxonomic studies, which have certain constraints such as subjectivity and time-consuming processes. With the advancement of modern molecular techniques, DNA barcoding has gained global attention. The term "DNA barcoding" refers to the technique of establishing species-level identification by sequencing a short fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, the "DNA barcode," from a specimen that is taxonomically unknown and comparing it to a reference library of barcodes from known species. This review article explores the evolution of DNA barcoding, its universal marker, and its application in insect taxonomy, emphasizing its role in accelerating species discovery and biodiversity documentation. In India, DNA barcoding initiatives have made considerable progress, yet there remains a vast opportunity to barcode the country's rich insect diversity. Overall, DNA barcoding emerges as a powerful tool to address the urgent need for efficient species identification and biodiversity conservation in an ever-changing world.
A Trend Analysis of Crop Production, Market Arrival and Prices in Meghalaya, India
Authors: Sharma Manish , Singh Ram
Published: June 2024

Aims: The study was carried out to examine the growth performance of the major crops, i.e., rice, potato, pineapple, ginger, rapeseed and mustard and pea, for the last decade (2010–2019) during 2021–22.
Methodology: The study was based on secondary data collected from various official sources of the Government of Meghalaya. The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), Seasonal Variability Index (SVI) and coefficient of variation were used to examine the objectives of the study. 
Results: The result of the study showed that positive growth accounted for area, production and productivity of selected crops, but high growth was recorded in production than area and productivity due to an increase in the area during the preceding years with high fluctuations in market arrivals and their prices. The positive relationship between market arrivals and prices for several months of the year could be beneficial for growers, whereas the negative relationship might be a loss for growers.
Conclusion: The study recommended that there is a need to increase the area under cultivation to increase production and narrow the fluctuation in price of the same crops in the state
Advancements in Plant Breeding for Biotic Stress Resistance in Cereal Crops: A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Chandra Ajay , C.P Chetariya , Talekar Nilesh Suryakant , Singh Rahul
Published: June 2024

Current developments in plant breeding techniques used to improve cereals resistance against biotic stress. To overcome the problems provided by biotic stress, the focus is on investigating cutting-edge strategies and techniques that have transformed the area of cereal breeding. The creation of biotic stress-resistant varieties has been greatly accelerated by the introduction of Marker-Assisted Backcrossing (MABC), which enables the controlled transfer of advantageous genes from wild germplasm into elite cultivars. To better understand the genetic basis of resistance traits and support marker-assisted selection in breeding programs, Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have been useful in identifying genetic markers linked to biotic stress resistance. Researchers have been able to decipher intricate gene regulatory networks involved in plant responses against biotic stress using microarray technique; which leads to identifying critical genes and pathways underlying resistance mechanisms. New possibilities for precise genetic alterations in genomes, including as the introduction of novel resistance alleles using allele mining and the targeted disruption of susceptibility genes, have been made possible by genome editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9. Apart from these modern-day techniques, conventional methods such as mutation breeding are still being improved and combined with genomic technologies to create genetic variation and find new alleles that confer resistance to biotic stress. A promising method such as targeted gene silencing and RNA interference (RNAi) technology enables the suppression of genes linked to biotic stress susceptibility and also increases resistance. The improvement of cereal crop varieties resistant against biotic stress has advanced significantly due to the integration of these many breeding tactics and technologies. These new developments have the potential to significantly improve agricultural sustainability and food security by reducing yield losses from biotic stressors and supporting international efforts to improve crops. This review article enlightens the different conventional and advanced breeding techniques used against biotic stress found in cereal crops.
Hybrid Nano Fluid Slip Flow Over a Permeable Sheet with Radiative Heat Flux, Variable Thermal Conductivity and Heat Source
Authors: Ahmed A. , Muhammad S. , Ucheri M. A. T.
Published: June 2024

Purpose: This aims to investigate heat and mass transfer characteristics of hybrid Nano fluid slip flow over a permeable sheet with radiative heat flux, variable thermal conductivity and heat source.
Methodology: Formulated Mathematical equations are transformed into self-similar equations using similarity transformation. Boundary value problem solver in MATLAB was used to solve the system of reduced similarity equations. In this study thorough examination was made on flow and heat transfer properties for various values of variable thermal conductivity parameter, thermal radiation and heat source. Validation of the present results with published results are in excellent agreement.
Findings: It is noticed that increase in radiative parameter attracts increase in temperature of the fluid at the shrinking region. It indicates that on shrinking region heat absorption take place with increase in value of variable thermal conductivity parameter (ℇ). The velocity of the fluid is appreciated with increase in silver volume fraction  and depreciates with increase in velocity slip parameter (P). Increase in velocity slip parameter decreases the local skin friction (P) and local Nusselt number is appreciated by increasing radiation parameter (R).Heat absorption is noticed with increase in variable thermal conductivity, silver volume fraction  and heat source/sink parameter (Q).
Practical implication: In practice the investigation of effects of hybrid nanofluid flow over a permeable sheet with radiative heat flux, variable thermal conductivity and heat source have real-life and industrial applications, for example manufacturing, cooling electrical devices, biomedical, military etc.
Laminin alpha 2 enables glioblastoma stem cell growth
Authors: Lathia Justin D. , Li Meizhang , Hall Peter E. , Gallagher Joseph , Hale James S. , Wu Qiulian , Venere Monica , Levy Emily , Rani M.R. Sandhya , Huang Ping , Bae Eunnyung , Selfridge Julia , Cheng Lin , Guvenc Hacer , McLendon Roger E. , Nakano Ichiro , Sloan Andrew E. , Phillips Heidi S. , Lai Albert , Gladson Candece L. , Bredel Markus , Bao Shideng , Hjelmeland Anita B. , Rich Jeremy N.
Published: June 2012

Objective:

Glioblastomas (GBMs) are lethal cancers that display cellular hierarchies parallel to normal brain. At the apex are GBM stem cells (GSCs), which are relatively resistant to conventional therapy. Interactions with the adjacent perivascular niche are an important driver of malignancy and self‐renewal in GSCs. Extracellular matrix (ECM) cues instruct neural stem/progenitor cell–niche interactions, and the objective of our study was to elucidate its composition and contribution to GSC maintenance in the perivascular niche.

Methods:

We interrogated human tumor tissue for immunofluorescence analysis and derived GSCs from tumor tissues for functional studies. Bioinformatics analyses were conducted by mining publicly available databases.

Results:

We find that laminin ECM proteins are localized to the perivascular GBM niche and inform negative patient prognosis. To identify the source of laminins, we characterized cellular elements within the niche and found that laminin α chains were expressed by nonstem tumor cells and tumor‐associated endothelial cells (ECs). RNA interference targeting laminin α2 inhibited GSC growth and self‐renewal. In co‐culture studies of GSCs and ECs, laminin α2 knockdown in ECs resulted in decreased tumor growth.

Interpretation:

Our studies highlight the contribution of nonstem tumor cell‐derived laminin juxtracrine signaling. As laminin α2 has recently been identified as a molecular marker of aggressive ependymoma, we propose that the brain vascular ECM promotes tumor malignancy through maintenance of the GSC compartment, providing not only a molecular fingerprint but also a possible therapeutic target. ANN NEUROL 2012;72:766–778
Nitren‐Chemie in der organischen Synthese: noch in den Kinderschuhen?
Authors: Dequirez Geoffroy , Pons Valérie , Dauban Philippe
Published: June 2012

Stickstoff zählt zu den lebenswichtigen Elementen. Daher wird der Entwicklung von Synthesemethoden zur Einführung dieses Elements in Moleküle besondere Beachtung geschenkt. Nachdem Nitrene seit langem als sehr reaktive, doch unselektive Spezies bekannt waren, konnten sie kürzlich auch zur Bildung von C‐N‐Bindungen eingesetzt werden. Nun sind metallkatalysierte Methoden für die Synthese von Aminen durch Aziridierung von Alkenen oder C‐H‐Aminierung von Alkanen verfügbar. Die hier beschriebenen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Nitren‐Chemie für einen größeren Anwendungsbereich in der Synthese nutzbar wird und nicht auf diese beiden Reaktionen beschränkt bleibt.
Application of a new family of organosilicon quadripolymer as a fluid loss additive for drilling fluid at high temperature
Authors: Chu Qi , Luo Pingya , Zhao Qingfeng , Feng Junxiong , Kuang Xubing , Wang Delong
Published: June 2012

An organosilicon quadripolymer of acrylamide (AM), 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane sulfonic acid (AMPS), N‐vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and a kind of organosilicon monomer was synthesized by solution free radical polymerization. The chemical structure of organosilicon quadripolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and molecular weight distribution was determinate by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) under the best optimum synthesis conditions, which were identified by orthogonal test according to filtrate volume of fresh water‐based drilling fluid. The colloidal properties of the organosilicon quadripolymer drilling fluid were investigated in various media such as fresh‐water, 4.0% salt‐water, and saturated brine based fluid. The results showed that the filtrate volume decreased with the increase of the organosilicon quadripolymer concentration before and after the thermal aging test at 180°C for 16 h, and the filtrate volume after the thermal aging test was larger than that before the thermal aging test, but was smaller than the base fluid. The colloidal properties and the filtrate volume could be controlled effectively at aging temperatures not exceeding 200°C. The organosilicon quadripolymer drilling fluid performance was better than corresponding terpolymer without organosilicon group and shows favorable inhibitive property and was an excellent fluid loss additive for drilling fluid resisting high temperature in deep wells. A possible mechanism is proposed to explain the improvement according to the comparative adsorption experiment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
An unusual case of cat‐eye syndrome phenotype and extragonadal mature teratoma: Review of the literature
Authors: Tzetis Maria , Stefanaki Kalliopi , Syrmou Areti , Kosma Konstantina , Leze Eleni , Giannikou Krinio , Oikonomakis Vasilis , Sofocleous Christalena , Choulakis Michael , Kolialexi Aggeliki , Makrythanasis Periklis , Kitsiou–Tzeli Sophia
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND Cat‐Eye syndrome (CES) with teratoma has not been previously reported. We present the clinical and molecular findings of a 9‐month‐old girl with features of CES and also a palpable midline neck mass proved to be an extragonadal mature teratoma, additionally characterized by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). RESULTS High resolution oligonucleotide‐based aCGH confirmed that the supernumerary marker chromosome (SMC) derived from chromosome 22, as was indicated by molecular cytogenetic analysis with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Additionally, aCGH clarified the size, breakpoints, and gene content of the duplication (dup 22q11.1q11.21; size:1.6 Mb; breakpoints: 15,438,946‐17,041,773; hg18). The teratoma tissue was also tested with aCGH, in which the CES duplication was not found, but the analysis revealed three aberrations: del Xp22.3 (108,864‐2788,689; 2.7 Mb hg18), dup Yp11.2 (6688,491‐7340,982; 0.65 Mb, hg18), and dup Yq11.2q11.23 (12,570,853‐27,177,133; 14.61 Mb, hg18). These results indicated 46 XY (male) karyotype of the teratoma tissue, making this the second report of mature extragonadal teratoma in a female neonate, probably deriving from an included dizygotic twin of opposite sex (fetus in fetu). CONCLUSIONS Our findings extend the phenotypic spectrum of CES syndrome, a disorder with clinical variability, pointing out specific dosage‐sensitive genes that might contribute to specific phenotypic features. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biologically inspired strategy for programmed assembly of viral building blocks with controlled dimensions
Authors: Rego Jennifer M. , Lee Jae‐Hun , Lee David H. , Yi Hyunmin
Published: June 2012

Facile fabrication of building blocks with precisely controlled dimensions is imperative in the development of functional devices and materials. We demonstrate the assembly of nanoscale viral building blocks of controlled lengths using a biologically motivated strategy. To achieve this we exploit the simple self‐assembly mechanism of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), whose length is solely governed by the length of its genomic mRNA. We synthesize viral mRNA of desired lengths using simple molecular biology techniques, and in vitro assemble the mRNA with viral coat proteins to yield viral building blocks of controlled lengths. The results indicate that the assembly of the viral building blocks is consistent and reproducible, and can be readily extended to assemble building blocks with genetically modified coat proteins (TMV1cys). Additionally, we confirm the potential utility of the TMV1cys viral building blocks with controlled dimensions via covalent and quantitative conjugation of fluorescent markers. We envision that our biologically inspired assembly strategy to design and construct viral building blocks of controlled dimensions could be employed to fabricate well‐controlled nanoarchitectures and hybrid nanomaterials for a wide variety of applications including nanoelectronics and nanocatalysis.
Theoretical Approach Towards the Understanding of Asymmetric Additions of Dialkylzinc to Enals and Iminals Catalysed by [2.2]Paracyclophane‐Based N,O‐Ligands
Authors: Kubas Adam , Bräse Stefan , Fink Karin
Published: June 2012

The 1,2‐ and 1,4‐asymmetric additions of dialkylzinc reagents (ZnMe2 and ZnEt2) to cinnamaldehyde and N‐formylbenzylimine catalysed by [2.2]paracyclophane‐based N,O‐ligands were studied with quantum chemical methods. High level LPNO‐CEPA/1 (local pair natural orbital coupled electron pair approximation 1) calculations were performed to obtain reliable reaction barriers and binding energies. The calculations supported the experimentally observed selectivities. In the reaction, the alkyl transfer takes place on a binuclear zinc complex. Regioselectivity can be traced back to changes in π‐conjugation. Because the less conjugated N‐formylbenzylimine is more flexible, it is better suited for 1,4‐additions. Moreover, bulky ligands were shown to be important for stereoselectivity. The reason is that the tricyclic motif present in the transition states is sterically less hindered in the anti conformation. Based on the LPNO‐CEPA/1 data, a set of popular theoretical methods are validated. Although it was possible to set up a procedure to obtain the stereoselectivities with computationally less demanding methods, this was not possible for the regioselectivity of the reactions.
Luminescence Properties of C‐Diazaborolyl‐ortho‐Carboranes as Donor–Acceptor Systems
Authors: Weber Lothar , Kahlert Jan , Brockhinke Regina , Böhling Lena , Brockhinke Andreas , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Neumann Beate , Harder Rachel A. , Fox Mark A.
Published: June 2012

Seven derivatives of 1,2‐dicarbadodecaborane (ortho‐carborane, 1,2‐C2B10H12) with a 1,3‐diethyl‐ or 1,3‐diphenyl‐1,3,2‐benzodiazaborolyl group on one cage carbon atom were synthesized and structurally characterized. Six of these compounds showed remarkable low‐energy fluorescence emissions with large Stokes shifts of 15100–20260 cm−1 and quantum yields (ΦF) of up to 65 % in the solid state. The low‐energy fluorescence emission, which was assigned to a charge‐transfer (CT) transition between the cage and the heterocyclic unit, depended on the orientation (torsion angle, ψ) of the diazaborolyl group with respect to the cage CC bond. In cyclohexane, two compounds exhibited very weak dual fluorescence emissions with Stokes shifts of 15660–18090 cm−1 for the CT bands and 1960–5540 cm−1 for the high‐energy bands, which were assigned to local transitions within the benzodiazaborole units (local excitation, LE), whereas four compounds showed only CT bands with ΦF values between 8–32 %. Two distinct excited singlet‐state (S1) geometries, denoted S1(LE) and S1(CT), were observed computationally for the benzodiazaborolyl‐ortho‐carboranes, the population of which depended on their orientation (ψ). TD‐DFT calculations on these excited state geometries were in accord with their CT and LE emissions. These C‐diazaborolyl‐ortho‐carboranes were viewed as donor–acceptor systems with the diazaborolyl group as the donor and the ortho‐carboranyl group as the acceptor.
Click Mechanochemistry: Quantitative Synthesis of “Ready to Use” Chiral Organocatalysts by Efficient Two‐Fold Thiourea Coupling to Vicinal Diamines
Authors: Štrukil Vjekoslav , Igrc Marina D. , Eckert‐Maksić Mirjana , Friščić Tomislav
Published: June 2012

Mechanochemical methods of neat grinding and liquid‐assisted grinding have been applied to the synthesis of mono‐ and bis(thiourea)s by using the click coupling of aromatic and aliphatic diamines with aromatic isothiocyanates. The ability to modify the reaction conditions allowed the optimization of each reaction, leading to the quantitative formation of chiral bis(thiourea)s with known uses as organocatalysts or anion sensors. Quantitative reaction yields, combined with the fact that mechanochemical reaction conditions avoid the use of bulk solvents, enabled solution‐based purification methods (such as chromatography or recrystallization) to be completely avoided. Importantly, by using selected model reactions, we also show that the described mechanochemical reaction procedures can be readily scaled up to at least the one‐gram scale. In that way, mechanochemical synthesis provides a facile method to fully transform valuable enantiomerically pure reagents into useful products that can immediately be applied in their designed purpose. This was demonstrated by using some of the mechanochemically prepared reagents as organocatalysts in a model Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction and as cyanide ion sensors in organic solvents. The use of electronically and sterically hindered ortho‐phenylenediamine revealed that mechanochemical reaction conditions can be readily optimized to form either the 1:1 or the 1:2 click‐coupling product, demonstrating that reaction stoichiometry can be more efficiently controlled under these conditions than in solution‐based syntheses. In this way, it was shown that excellent stoichiometric control by mechanochemistry, previously established for mechanochemical syntheses of cocrystals and coordination polymers, can also be achieved in the context of covalent‐bond formation.
Electrochromatographic Enantioseparation of Amino Acids Using Polybutylmethacrylate‐based Chiral Monolithic Column by Capillary Electrochromatography
Authors: Aydogan Cemil , Denizli Adil
Published: June 2012

This article describes the development of a polybutylmethacrylate‐based monolithic capillary column as a chiral stationary phase. The chiral monolithic column was prepared by polymerization of butyl methacrylate (BMA), ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA), and N‐methacryloyl‐l‐glutamic acid (MAGA) in the presence of porogens. The porogen mixture included N,N‐dimethyl formamide and phosphate buffer. MAGA was used as a chiral selector. The effect of MAGA content was investigated on electrochromatographic enantioseparation of d,l‐histidine, d,l‐tyrosine, d,l‐phenyl alanine, and d,l‐glutamic acid. The effect of acetonitrile (ACN) content in mobile phase on electro‐osmotic flow was also investigated. It was demonstrated that the poly(BMA‐EDMA‐MAGA) monolithic chiral column can be used for the electrochromatographic enantioseparation of amino acids by capillary electrochromatography (CEC). The mobile phase was ACN/10 mM phosphate buffer (45:55%) adjusted to pH 2.7. It was observed that l‐enantiomers of the amino acids migrated before d‐enantiomers. The separation mechanism of electrochromatographic enantioseparation of amino acids in CEC is discussed. Chirality 24:606–609, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.