bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Why Are We Only Learning About White People?” The Role of Identity in the Curricular and Pedagogical Considerations of One Latino Educator
Authors: Allen Kelly R.
Published: April 2023

This chapter focuses on the perspectives of Ricardo, a Latino educator, and his experience with navigating identity as he made curricular and pedagogical considerations in his practice. The chapter begins by reviewing the literature on the experiences of minoritized educators in education, asking: How do minoritized educators navigate the complexity of their identity as a minoritized individualandeducator working within predominantly white concepts of knowledge and behavior construction? This chapter analyzes a collection of focus groups, individual interviews, and curriculum artifacts as a means of approaching and analyzing Ricardo’s experiences. This analysis illuminates, (1) how language and hybrid classroom discourse was used to connect with students, and (2) the deep responsibility Ricardo felt to create bridges to the curriculum for his students. The findings of this chapter underscore the need for teacher education programs to better support minoritized educators in navigating the complex positions they assume, as educators and as minoritized individuals, and the ways that these two identities intersect in their practice.
Finland and Sweden: Muslim Teachers as Cultural Brokers
Authors: Rissanen Inkeri
Published: April 2023

This chapter focuses on the experiences and perspectives of Muslim teachers, who serve informally as “cultural brokers” in Finnish and Swedish schools. It begins by reviewing research on minority teachers and their roles as cultural mediators, as well as on Muslims in European public education. After that, the contexts, methodology and results of a case study are presented. The data includes semi-structured interviews with 14 “cultural broker” teachers. The results present the tasks of cultural brokering, as well as teachers’ perceptions of what makes a good cultural broker and how this role should be developed. The chapter includes a critical discussion on what is expected of minority teachers; they are not a homogenous group and their willingness to take on the tasks of cultural brokering depend on the nature of their jobs. The simplistic view of cultural broker teachers as role models for minority students is scrutinized, likewise the ways of outsourcing “all things multicultural” in the school to them.
New Zealand: The Experiences of Māori Teachers as an Ethnic Minority in English-Medium Schools
Authors: Turner-Adams Hana , Rubie-Davies Christine
Published: April 2023

This chapter discusses the experiences of Māori teachers who are currently or were previously employed in English-medium schools and early childhood centers in New Zealand. The New Zealand education system has a long history of failing to meet the educational needs of Māori students, and the demand for teachers to improve students’ academic outcomes has increased. Māori teachers connect and engage more readily with Māori students due to their shared culture and background. In contrast, many Pākehā/New Zealand European teachers have a limited understanding of Māori language, knowledge systems, values, and customs, and often hold low expectations for Māori student achievement. Findings from our study revealed that Māori teachers carried a substantial cultural and pastoral workload. On average, teachers reported spending at least 5½ hours per week working with Māori students and their whānau (family) in addition to their full-time teaching responsibilities. Although most teachers were acknowledged for their contributions through additional remuneration or time-release, others received no recognition. Participants were committed to their students but often worked in unwelcoming and unsupportive Eurocentric environments. Teachers were also disheartened by the general lack of commitment of their non-Māori colleagues to Māori language, culture, and values, yet were expected to guide, support, and educate these colleagues on how to meet their obligations to Māori students. The chapter concludes with suggestions for how school principals, center managers, and other teachers, could better support Māori teachers so that they continue making valuable contributions to their students’ education and remain employed in the teaching profession.
Research on Minority Teachers in Germany: Developments, Focal Points and Current Trends from the Perspective of Intercultural Education
Authors: Rosen Lisa , Lengyel Drorit
Published: April 2023

This chapter presents a meta-analysis of studies on ethnic minority (prospective) teachers in Germany and German-speaking countries. Starting with “pioneer studies”, current research trends and research foci from the perspective of intercultural education are elaborated: intersectional perspectives on the professional self-concepts of minority teachers, discrimination and anti-Muslim racism experienced by prospective minority teachers, language and multilingualism as a relevant social category of difference and inequality in the context of (prospective) minority teachers and comparisons between (prospective) minority and majority teachers with a focus on the effects of representation of (prospective) minority teachers. Finally, it is argued that in Germany an inclusive perspective on minority teachers, embracing recently immigrated and refugee teachers, is needed to overcome the ethnicised attributions of professional competence and to focus on the discriminatory structures of the German education system, including teacher education.
Teachers with Migration Background in German Discourse: Insights into Research on Education, Professional Integration and Self-Perception
Authors: Goltsev Evghenia , Putjata Galina , Knaus Anastasia
Published: April 2023

This chapter presents the state of the art focusing on the so-called teachers with “migration background” in Germany. Applying the method of the literature review, we summarize current and emerging research trends as well as understudied areas in Germany. The chapter provides the reader with a critical survey of the extensive literature produced in the past decade and a synthesis of current thinking on the topic at hand across disciplines and methodological approaches. The chapter opens up with a concise presentation of the context, objectives and the methodology of the study. These are followed by a critical synopsis of the findings and a closing conclusion. The results of the analysis reveal that a vast amount of research is focusing on the three following domains: Ascriptions and (Self-)perception of minority teachers’ role in education such as the responsibility of fostering the linguistic diversity) Minority teachers’ role for students and students’ own perspectives, e.g. the importance of the multilingual teachers for self-positioning of the students as migration-related multilinguals; as well as professional integration of minority teachers including access to the labour market and teacher education revealing an underrepresentation of minority teachers in schools. In the conclusion we point out new perspectives and areas in need of further research, such as the demand for new approaches on how to constructively include migration-related multilingualism in the course of teacher education.
Integration of Digitization and Sustainability Objectives in a Maturity Model-Based Strategy Development Process
Authors: Münnich Marc , Stange Maximilian , Süße Marian , Ihlenfeldt Steffen
Published: April 2023

Political, technological and economic changes force manufacturing companies to shift their strategic alignment towards green and digitized technologies. The parallel advances in those technologies raise questions regarding economic, environmental and social sustainability issues that are challenging to integrate into corporate strategy. Recently, sustainable energy supply has gained additional attention as a critical resource for production. Digital transformation is a diverse intracompany process and requires adequate strategies. Maturity models are a well-known and established approach to define strategic improvement measures. Various versions of separate maturity models to either examine the current state of digitization or sustainability have been developed and there are few models to support both dimensions adequately. Therefore, the authors propose a strategy development process, which utilizes a combined maturity model for both domains in one framework. A review on sustainability-related maturity models as well as the connection to digitization aspects is conducted. Based on this, an existing model is extended. The model is tested in a case study to compare the impact of the models’ adaptions.
Taxonomy for Biological Transformation Principles in the Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Berkhahn Magda , Kremer Gerald , Riedelsheimer Theresa , Lindow Kai , Stark Rainer
Published: April 2023

Industry and research are seeking answers to current demands in industrial value creation, like resilience of production, sufficient product quality and sustainability of products and processes. A novel line of thought, seeking the accomplishment of those is the Biological Transformation (BT). BT describes the interweaving of biological modes of action, materials and organisms with engineering and information sciences. The conflation of disciplines from natural, technical and social sciences yields in a heterogeneous field of activities with ambiguous technical terms. An ascertainment of principles of BT is required to classify yet undifferentiated patterns in nature-based production, facilitating their systematic implementation in aiming for sustained solutions on current challenges. With increasing research in biomimetic, attempts arise to capture nature‑based activities in manufacturing through schematic classifications. Yet, basic semantics representing the effective principles of BT in the manufacturing industry is lacking.

The goal of this publication is to introduce a taxonomy of Biological Transformation in manufacturing based on its core principles Bio Inspiration, Bio Integration and Bio Interaction. Within the research project BioFusion 4.0, the taxonomy was developed and applied to classify technology innovations. The paper presents the taxonomy, its development and application in use cases.
Converted and Shared Light Electric Vehicles in Ghana: A Technical and Economic Analysis Based on Converted ICE Motorbikes and e-mopeds
Authors: Adjei Frederick , Sperling Denise , Atia-Abugbilla Isaac , Anokye Arnold , Appiah Jorge , Ayetor Godwin , Severengiz Semih
Published: April 2023

This paper sets out to examine the economic and technical viability of LEVs in Ghana as a business model. It further examines the profitability of converted motorbikes which are adapted from ICE motorbikes. The business model is built on technical requirements of the ICE conversion in Ghana. The authors used a case study approach to analyze an exemplary business model based on 40 e-mopeds and 20 stand-alone solar charging stations deployed on the campus of KNUST until December 2021.
A further analysis was also done on the process of converting an ICE motorbike to create a minimum viable product which runs on electricity. The business model examines the profitability of such converted motorbikes taking into account production and assembly costs whiles also considering fixed costs. The results of the analysis prove that a single e-moped deployed in the model was profitable after 6.3 years and a converted motorbike was profitable compared to a conventional motorbike between 22500 km to 32500 km of use depending on the purchase scenario. The discussion and results provide a good basis for further research and give support to sustainable business models and manufacturing of LEVs.
Supply Chain Reconfiguration as an Option to Mitigate Post Harvest Losses and GHGs: Simulating a Case Study from Banana Supply Chain in Sri Lanka
Authors: Chandrasiri M. K. D. C. K. , Dharmapriya U. S. S. , Kulatunga A. K. , Ratnayake R. M. R. N. K. , Wasala W. M. C. B. , Weerakkody W. A. P.
Published: April 2023

Zero hunger is one of the top three goals of Sustainable Development Goals which is achievable by reducing the postharvest losses of the food supply chain and improving food security. In developing countries approximately 40% of fruit harvest goes to waste due to not having proper mechanisms, coordination and best practices and poor post-harvest management. A pilot study has found post-harvest losses of fresh fruits and vegetables occur in 2.29%, 1.57%, 6.22% and 7.89% at farmer, collection center, wholesaler and retailer respectively, emphasizing the need of a reconfiguration. Following good practices in handling, introducing suitable bulk packing methods, vehicle upgrades and development of different supply chain configurations are some approaches in mitigating post-harvest losses. Therefore, it is timely to change the product flow of supply chain by reconfiguration. The existing configuration of fruit and vegetable supply chain is simulated as an agent based simulation model taking banana supply chain as a case study. Short supply chain branches were introduced as suggestions to avoid the congestion and banana getting exposed to mechanical damages. The reconfigured supply chain emitted 10% less GHG than the existing banana supply chain while achieving the efficiency in distribution flow.
Leveraging Insights from Unique Artifacts for Creating Sustainable Products
Authors: Zannoun H. , Okorafor J. , Asensio T. , Guedes G. , Badurdeen F. , Wang P. , Jawahir I. S. , Campana G. , Mele M. , Cimatti B.
Published: April 2023

Sustainable manufacturing pursues the achievement of economic, environmental, and societal benefits by promoting the long-term use of materials, products, and components within a circular economy. The analysis of one-of-a-kind classical products reveal some designs that exhibit a creative combination of parts from a variety of industrial sectors. For example, Italian designers behind some innovative artifacts have managed to integrate components from different sources into attractive and emotional-oriented objects that are revered to this day. The present work aims to combine 6R-based sustainable manufacturing with insights gained from some classical products of Italian design characterized by simplicity and decontextualization of common objects. This manuscript presents the design process for leveraging concepts embodied in some unique artifacts from the Italian design movement to inspire the realization of sustainable products. A commercial household item was redesigned to demonstrate the application of the approach by utilizing end-of-life items collected from municipal solid waste. The potential benefits of the triple bottom line approach associated with leveraging concepts, such as those from Italian design, to develop more sustainable products is also discussed.
Evaluating the Sustainability of Paper and Plastic Substitute Material LimeX
Authors: Thornton E.-Lexus , Hartley Avery , Caudill Daniel , Gamesu Martin , Schoop Julius , Badurdeen Fazleena
Published: April 2023

With the increasing decline in the environment and natural resources it is important to find new ways in which manufacturing can increase the sustainability of the world. This study seeks to compare LimeX, a state-of-the-art paper and plastic alternative primarily made of limestone, with conventional paper and plastic materials. For a better understanding of LimeX as a material, a brief investigation of the mechanical and chemical properties will be performed through experimentation and analysis. In addition, this paper aims to evaluate the sustainability of LimeX through the analysis of metrics relating to the triple bottom line (environmental impacts, economic impacts and societal impacts) to evaluate and compare the sustainability performance of LimeX products with conventional paper and plastic products. The previously developed Product Sustainability Index (ProdSI) will be adapted and used in this study to conduct the sustainability evaluation. Major findings will include results from an experimental analysis of LimeX via SEM and EDS, and LimeX material property measurements via tensile testing and density measurements. In addition, there will also be a comparison of the sustainability performance of conventional paper and LimeX using a simplified ProdSI. The study found that LimeX was marginally more sustainable than paper, but this evaluation could change with information from the development of a life-cycle analysis report on the material.
Potential of Radar Based Measuring Systems in Hot Forging
Authors: Bergmann M. , Dix M. , Wallbaum T. , Selbmannn R.
Published: April 2023

Hot forging processes and process chains provide components, which meet highest demands due to mechanical properties. A wide range of applications in different industries like oil and gas, automotive and aviation are based on such processes. As those processes are very productive unfavorable process conditions and unnecessary reject or rework are a strong issues and still not solved for industrial scale production. One key challenge is to generate geometrical information of the workpiece. The geometrical characterization of hot forged parts is usually carried out in cold condition resulting in an extensive time delay to processing. Information about the part geometry during processing and right after processing – in hot condition -- is not accessible. An approach to address this are radar based measuring systems. Those systems have specific characteristics like sufficient accuracy and robustness which qualifies them for measuring tasks under rough conditions typically occurring during forging processes. In the paper, different use cases for the application of radar-based measuring systems are identified and analyses based on laboratory scale experiments.
Evaluation of Thermal Error Compensation Strategies Regarding Their Influence on Accuracy and Energy Efficiency of Machine Tools
Authors: Naumann Christian , Fickert Axel , Penter Lars , Gißke Carola , Wenkler Eric , Glänzel Janine , Klimant Philipp , Dix Martin
Published: April 2023

Friction, electrical losses, cooling systems and ambient conditions influence the thermal field of machine tools and cause a significant amount of positioning inaccuracies and production errors. Compensation strategies aim to reduce the thermal error in machine tools. The global urgency for energy-efficient production also affects the selection of specific compensation strategies, especially since some of them consume significant amounts of energy while others are potential energy savers. As of today, there is no method to select the optimal compensation strategy for thermal errors in machine tools. The main reasons are that the quality of any compensation strategy depends heavily on the examined machine tool and its intended usage. Besides this, there are several, often conflicting assessment criteria.

This paper provides an overview of existing compensation strategies and presents an evaluation of their effect on the energy consumption. The investigated strategies comprise methods for reducing the heat losses, for decreasing the sensitivity of the tool center point to thermal influences, cooling strategies for removing heat from the machine tool, air conditioning and methods for controllable heat transfer and also various computational methods aimed at predicting and correcting the existing thermal positioning error in the machine tool control.

As an addition to previous research, the rating of thermal error compensation strategies was extended by their effect on energy efficiency. The authors demonstrate that accuracy and energy efficiency must be considered jointly for each individual machine tool and manufacturing task.
Model-Based Correlation Analysis of Machine Control Parameters and Process Vibration Amplitudes by the Example of Milling
Authors: Ju Shu , Reitenspieß Max , Zhang Kai , Hanenkamp Nico
Published: April 2023

In machining processes, system-immanent process vibrations lead not only to lower surface quality of workpieces but also to the degradation of the machine and tool wear. Effectively minimizing process vibration amplitudes without costly software or hardware add-ons is a research topic that demands further investigation. In this regard, this article focuses on the further development of a holistic milling process model as well as the experimental and simulation-based vibration analysis. The interaction between the nonlinear behaviors of the cascade controlled electric motors and the process parameters are practically evaluated. Moreover, based on the experimental and simulation results, a correlation analysis of the machine control parameters and the process vibration amplitude has been implemented.
Influence of Carbon Dioxide Temperature on Sprayability and Solubility in Cryogenic Minimum Quantity Lubrication with Bio-Based Lubricants
Authors: Meier Trixi , Lermer Michael , Gross Daniel , Hanenkamp Nico
Published: April 2023

Cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication (CMQL) represents a compromise satisfying both efficiency and sustainability in many manufacturing processes. In previous series of experiments a variation of the thermodynamic state of the cryogenic medium taken from riser bottles could be observed. Consequently, the aim of this study was to specifically control the thermodynamic state of the CO2 and, associated with this, the density after removal from the riser bottles. To achieve this objective conventional cooling was implemented for the CO2 after withdrawal from the riser bundle in order to have a constant liquid state of the CO2 during feeding. The density of the cryogenic medium could be raised from ρ = 550 kg/m3 to over 800 kg/m at a mass flow rate of $$\dot{m}_{CO2}$$

m
˙

C
O
2

 = 5 kg/h with the applied cooling method and can also be stabilized regarding the density pulsation. Subsequently, the effects of temperature-controlled CO2 on the sprayability and solubility in CMQL were examined and resulted in increased atomization of the oils and widening of the spray corridor with a greater main spray length and intensity. In addition stable conditions for the CMQL-supply to the manufacturing process were achieved by a lower pulsation of the CO2-oil mixture.
Sustainability Enhancement of the Coal Based Direct Reduction of Iron Premised on a Rotary Kiln
Authors: Nyakudya Ratidzo Yvonne , Ayomoh Michael
Published: April 2023

Sustainability of steel manufacturing industries in most under developing economies around the globe has become an issue of concern bothering around both environmental and systemic sustainability. The principles of circular economy (CE) in systems thinking (ST) have been proposed in this paper as a measure towards augmenting the sustainability of coal based Direct Reduction of Iron (DRI) process. The DRI approach for steel production is preferred for economic reasons in most low-income countries, even though it is an inevitably dirty process, emitting gaseous and solid wastes in large quantities. The pollution level of the DRI process violates the United Nations sustainable development goal no. 13 which focuses on climate action. The concept of CE in ST has been presented as a comprehensive measure that is capable of reducing and aiding with the recovery of wastes in the DRI process through effective tracing, tracking and control within an integrated network.
Liquid Desiccant Dehumidification Systems: Jet Cross-Talking Effect in Multi-electrosprays
Authors: Mutenhabundo Winnie , Mushiri Tawanda , Gutu Timothy , Zvandasara Patson
Published: April 2023

When liquid desiccant systems are employed to dehumidify air electrospraying technique helps to increase the surface area of the liquid. Multiplexing of the jets by introducing several emitters for increased efficiency is commendable but, there is a tendency of the jets to cross talk with each other due to electrical shielding. Cross talking of jets will result in the failure of the jets to break properly into droplets for effective dehumidification. This piece of work analyzed the conditions for electrical shielding among jets which results in efficient electrospray. To evaluate how cross talking affects multiple emitter nozzles, the mathematical model was built by superimposing the electric potentials of one emitter in an array of emitters. A Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation model was developed to investigate the conditions for electrical shielding among jets during electrospray process with glycerol as the working substance. In flow modelling, Ansys Fluent with Volume of Fluid and the Taylor Dielectric model were involved. The flow rate that guarantees stability in the electrospray was determined together with the optimum voltage resulting in a spray current which reduces electrical shielding. An analysis on the electrical conductivity of the liquid to ensure stability and efficiency in electrospray was done. The pressure contours of the nozzle were determined together with velocity of the desiccant against density. Emitter spacing, applied voltage, flow rate and the electrical conductivity plays a pivotal role on the prevention of cross talking of jets during the electrospraying process.
Towards a Comparative Index Assessing Mechanical Performance, Material Consumption and Energy Requirements for Additive Manufactured Parts
Authors: De Bernardez Leopoldo , Campana Giampaolo , Mele Mattia , Mur Sebastian
Published: April 2023

The increasing use of Additive Manufacturing technologies and systems in several industrial sectors and their numerous applications turn the attention of scientists and investigators to studying and evaluating the environmental impacts of these processes. Additive Manufacturing generally allows for a reduction of raw material consumption and waste generation. On the other hand, the need for long processing times and the necessary thermal conditioning of the manufacturing chamber to avoid product defects, lead to a considerable amount of consumed energy per produced item. Energy consumption has been a primary concern of the research on the sustainability of Additive Manufacturing indeed. More recent studies extended the analysis through more complete evaluation methods such as the Life Cycle Assessment. This approach allows a detailed description of environmental impacts but is affected by some concerns about the need for an interpretation of the final results, which can be non-univocal. This fact is particularly critical when the assessment is intended to be used for comparison between alternative solutions.

In this study, a novel index is introduced including three main aspects: material consumption, energy requirements and mechanical performance. The proposed formulation makes the index immediately usable for comparing alternative solutions. Within the scope of this study, the index has been applied to one of the most widespread Additive Manufacturing processes, namely Fused Filament Fabrication. The presented case study demonstrates the suitability of the proposed method to compare and identify the optimal choice among alternative manufacturing scenarios.
Enabling Sustainable Consumption: Development of an Inventory Management Tool for Food Recovery
Authors: Dean Chelsea , Badurdeen Fazleena , OoNorasak Kendra
Published: April 2023

The food supply chain presents numerous challenges from farm to fork resulting in over one third of all food produced going to waste. These challenges uniquely affect the level of food insecurity among regional populations. Food lost in the production and manufacturing stages of the supply chain are most influential in developing nations. Meanwhile the retail and consumer stages substantially affect food wasted in developed nations. The project described in this paper applies a systems-based approach to evaluate the inventory management needs for a charitable food recovery organization (FRO) and develop a tool for more effective management of recovered food. The capabilities to be incorporated in the tool are identified through an in-depth literature review and a current state assessment of the FRO’s system. Influential relationships and feedback loops are examined to provide a central view of inventory assets, how they are acquired and dispersed. The easy-to-use tool is then developed to interface with existing data collection mechanisms at the FRO. The paper will detail the research involved and necessary steps taken to provide accurate sustainability and inventory reporting for the FRO for more effective food recovery. Limitations of the tool and potential improvement opportunities will also be discussed.
User-Centric Energy Efficiency Optimization for Machining
Authors: Gericke Thore , Thomsen Volkmar , Schwichtenberg Nik , Mattes Alexander
Published: April 2023

A user-centric end-to-end machining optimization approach for increased energy efficiency according to the major goal of carbon free production, is presented. By doing so the two major challenges for medium size companies get addressed. First data acquisition with sensors, which only require minimum investment cost by using machine-internal measured values and additional machine parameters. On example applications, it is shown how this combination enables transformation from parameter based to tool load based optimization. This foundation ensures the continuous selection of the process window with highest performance effectiveness of machine tool and cutting tool, regardless if machining anomalies occur. Second a collaborative assistance system, which provides to the machine operator the option for input his specific experience and knowledge, thus making personal contribution to energy savings tangible. Thereby the carbon footprint per manufactured product component gets minimized.
Approach for Design of Low Carbon Footprint Paint Shops in the Automotive Industry
Authors: Wendt Jonas , Weyand Astrid , Barmbold Boris , Weigold Matthias
Published: April 2023

To mitigate the ongoing progress of climate change, the European Commission announced in the European Green Deal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 55% until 2030 compared to the reference year 1990 and to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 [1]. In this context, the industry in particular faces environmental challenges due to its high energy demand. To achieve the objective of becoming climate-neutral, increasing the energy and resource efficiency in the industry is crucial, because a large proportion of the greenhouse gases released are emitted during the provision of energy. In the automotive industry, paint shops are among the most energy-intensive processes and have great potentials for efficiency measures. These potentials can be identified with the assistance of energy or CO2 balancing methods. This publication presents a tool to analyse the energy efficiency potentials of automotive paint shops. The approach offers the possibility to parameterize different painting processes and their sub-processes. After defining the process requirements, a thermodynamic and process engineering simulation of the individual process steps enables the identification of potentials for energy and resource savings and CO2 reduction in existing or planned painting processes. In a validation on a real reference scenario, the simulated CO2 emissions of a paint shop were reduced by up to 24%.
reProd® – Resource-Autarkic Production Based on Secondary Semi-finished Products
Authors: Werner Markus , Haase Rico , Hermeling Christian
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a novel approach of a smart shortened material loop for producing second-life metallic components by saving a significant amount of energy and CO2 emissions. The focus is on metallic components and manufacturing chains based on adapted forming technologies. Sourcing and using secondary semi-finished products instead of virgin metallic materials facilitates the omission of process steps, such as iron smelting, steel making, continuous casting, hot and cold rolling, which involve the highest energy consumption and the highest CO2 emissions. Besides the positive impacts on sustainability, there are still scientific and technological challenges. One challenge lies in matching providers of secondary semi-finished material to market needs; the other comprises engineering the forming process chain while some material characteristics are not clearly specified or vary in a wide range. In contrast to the heavily restricted properties of virgin material, the characteristics of secondary semi-finished materials vary in a wider range and need to be elaborated. In the end, a new component will be produced, differing in design, function, and properties from conventional, single-life cycle products. Therefore, this paper introduces a novel, circular material loop for metals. The paper finishes with a short concept note on digital material and product passports to store and provide the required information on properties.
A Case Study on Evaluation of Defect Characteristics for Practical Application of Appearance Inspection Work Support System Utilizing Deep Learning
Authors: Nakakura Yuta , Temizu Kosuke , Nishino Mana , Nakajima Ryosuke
Published: April 2023

To prevent outflow of defective products to customers, many manufacturing industries have focused not only on processing and assembling, but also on product inspection. In appearance inspection, a work support system using deep learning has been proposed, and its usefulness was experimentally shown in model images of industrial product in recent years. Therefore, in this study, aiming for practical application of work support system, the relationship between the lighting angles and the visibility of defects is experimentally evaluated using 80 actual automobile parts as a case study. As results, it is found that the visibility of the defect greatly differs depending on the angle of lighting, and the conditions for high visibility differ depending on the defect. Furthermore, it is found that it is possible to improve the visibility of defects in about 24% of all 80 automobile parts, but, it is difficult to improve the visibility of defects for the remaining 76%. From the above, for the practical application of the work support system, it is clarified that the importance of constructing of lighting condition optimization method to improve the visibility of defects, and examining the input image considering the visibility of defects for deep learning.
Framework for the Development and Implementation of Sustainable Information Systems for the Digitalization of Small Businesses in South Africa
Authors: Parker Ryan , Matope Stephen
Published: April 2023

In this paper, a framework for the development and implementation of a low-cost, “low-code”, information system, for the digitalization of small businesses, in the retail and manufacturing sectors is developed and employed. The purpose of this framework is to enable small businesses, that lack the technical expertise and financial resources to invest in proprietary information system technology, to develop systems by leveraging freely available cloud-based tools like Google Forms, Google Sheets, and Google Sites. A thorough literature review of the concept of digitalization is conducted. Thereafter, a small business suitable for digital transformation is identified. Based on the system requirements an information system relevant to the business is developed and implemented. Finally, guidelines are proposed for the development and implementation of similar systems in other small businesses.
Reducing Remanufacturing Uncertainties with the Digital Product Passport
Authors: Gallina Viola , Gal Barna , Szaller Ádám , Bachlechner Daniel , Ilie-Zudor Elisabeth , Sihn Wilfried
Published: April 2023

In contrast to the linear production model, the circular economy aims to close the loop of materials. One part of this approach is remanufacturing, which extends the lifetime of products. Various stakeholders in the supply chain are involved in remanufacturing. This makes the management and optimization of remanufacturing activities complex. The data required for optimization is often missing, which leads to uncertainties. A new European Commission initiative, the digital product passport (DPP), is believed to facilitate information exchange in the supply chain and cloud be a good solution to reduce uncertainties. The primary purpose of this paper is the quantification and evaluation of the advantages of the DPP. Based on real industrial data, a discrete event simulation model of a remanufacturing system with three production lines was developed. The authors suppose the hypothetical existence of a DPP and illustrate the benefits arising from its application.
Implementation Framework for Blockchain-Based Traceability to Tackle Drug-Counterfeiting: Embracing Sustainable Pharma Logistics Networks
Authors: Nitsche Benjamin , Straube Frank , Kämper Tom-Li , Zarnitz Simon
Published: April 2023

Fighting counterfeit drugs in pharma logistics networks, is one of the most important challenges in the industry. In order to contribute to the UN Sustainable Development Goal of “global health and well-being” the integration of counterfeit substances and drugs has to be stopped but is still causing significant human and economic damage. Although the problem is known for decades no approach is known that eradicates the problem. Blockchain technology is promoted as a potential solution to counterfeit drugs since it combines the properties of tamper-proof data storage and secure information transfer but its’ application in the pharma industry is still lacking behind the theoretical potential. This study seeks to assess the applicability of blockchain technology to tackle drug counterfeiting in pharma networks and to develop an implementation framework that outlines industry-specific implementation barriers and mitigation measures as well as their interdependencies. Building on nine interviews with industry experts, Grounded Theory was applied. Accordingly, the interview results were condensed into a theory by applying a three-stage coding process. Building on this analysis, an implementation framework for blockchain technology to tackle drug counterfeiting in the pharma industry is developed. The framework explains the enablers, barriers, and implementation strategies as well as the relation between them. It is shown that blockchain implementation is not hindered by a lack of technological maturity, but mostly by opposing incentive mechanisms of stakeholders involved.
Screening Life Cycle Assessment of Thermoacoustic Panels from Agricultural Byproducts
Authors: Salvador Rodrigo , Chapieski Gabriela Aparecida , Oshiro Leandro Inagaki , Sydney Eduardo Bittencourt , de Francisco Antonio Carlos
Published: April 2023

The objective of this study was to identify the main environmental impacts of thermoacoustic panels manufactured from agricultural byproducts and thereafter propose measures to improve the environmental performance of this product system. The life cycle assessment (LCA) technique was used to account for the environmental impacts in 10 impact categories. The environmental hotspots were the consumption of electricity at the manufacturing stage, and the use of wheat bran as main input. To improve the environmental performance of the system it was suggested the use of different feedstocks throughout the year, thus accounting for seasonality of agricultural byproducts. Another suggestion was to acquire more energy-efficient equipment, on their own or share the equipment with a partner, or acquire a specific energy mix from the local energy carrier or a third party.
Design for Sustainability in Manufacturing – Taxonomy and State-of-the-Art
Authors: Langer Vivien , Tampe Annika , Götze Uwe
Published: April 2023

To meet sustainability goals, manufacturing companies are faced with the challenge of using renewable resources as well as innovative processes to design and manufacture sustainable products. For this purpose, the Design for Sustainability (DfS) approach has been suggested. Since there is no uniform understanding of how such a concept should work and which methods should be applied within it, the paper is intended to provide an overview of existing approaches. Therefore, a taxonomy of DfS approaches is introduced to enable a systematic and differentiated analysis. Afterwards, a literature review is conducted and a comprehensive overview of DfS concepts is provided. This allows for uncovering research needs towards an established DfS approach.
TC-G 1008 facilitates epileptogenesis by acting selectively at the GPR39 receptor but non-selectively activates CREB in the hippocampus of pentylenetetrazole-kindled mice
Authors: Doboszewska Urszula , Socała Katarzyna , Pieróg Mateusz , Nieoczym Dorota , Sawicki Jan , Szafarz Małgorzata , Gawel Kinga , Rafało-Ulińska Anna , Sajnóg Adam , Wyska Elżbieta , Esguerra Camila V. , Szewczyk Bernadeta , Maćkowiak Marzena , Barałkiewicz Danuta , Mlyniec Katarzyna , Nowak Gabriel , Sowa Ireneusz , Wlaź Piotr
Published: April 2023

The pharmacological activation of the GPR39 receptor has been proposed as a novel strategy for treating seizures; however, this hypothesis has not been verified experimentally. TC-G 1008 is a small molecule agonist increasingly used to study GPR39 receptor function but has not been validated using gene knockout. Our aim was to assess whether TC-G 1008 produces anti-seizure/anti-epileptogenic effects in vivo and whether the effects are mediated by GPR39. To obtain this goal we utilized various animal models of seizures/epileptogenesis and GPR39 knockout mice model. Generally, TC-G 1008 exacerbated behavioral seizures. Furthermore, it increased the mean duration of local field potential recordings in response to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in zebrafish larvae. It facilitated the development of epileptogenesis in the PTZ-induced kindling model of epilepsy in mice. We demonstrated that TC-G 1008 aggravated PTZ-epileptogenesis by selectively acting at GPR39. However, a concomitant analysis of the downstream effects on the cyclic-AMP-response element binding protein in the hippocampus of GPR39 knockout mice suggested that the molecule also acts via other targets. Our data argue against GPR39 activation being a viable therapeutic strategy for treating epilepsy and suggest investigating whether TC-G 1008 is a selective agonist of the GPR39 receptor.
Positive Measure of Effective Quasi-Periodic Motion Near a Diophantine Torus
Authors: Bounemoura Abed , Farré Gerard
Published: April 2023

It was conjectured by Herman that an analytic Lagrangian Diophantine quasi-periodic torus $${\mathcal {T}}_0$$

T
0

, invariant by a real-analytic Hamiltonian system, is always accumulated by a set of positive Lebesgue measure of other Lagrangian Diophantine quasi-periodic invariant tori. While the conjecture is still open, we will prove the following weaker statement: there exists an open set of positive measure (in fact, the relative measure of the complement is exponentially small) around $${\mathcal {T}}_0$$

T
0

such that the motion of all initial conditions in this set is “effectively” quasi-periodic in the sense that they are close to being quasi-periodic for an interval of time, which is doubly exponentially long with respect to the inverse of the distance to $${\mathcal {T}}_0$$

T
0

. This open set can be thought of as a neighborhood of a hypothetical invariant set of Lagrangian Diophantine quasi-periodic tori, which may or may not exist.
Observability and control of parabolic equations on networks with loops
Authors: Apraiz Jone , Bárcena-Petisco Jon Asier
Published: April 2023

Network theory can be useful for studying complex systems such as those that arise, for example, in physical sciences, engineering, economics and sociology. In this paper, we prove the observability of parabolic equations on networks with loops. By using a novel Carleman inequality, we find that the observability of the entire network can be achieved under certain hypothesis about the position of the observation domain. The main difficulty we tackle, due to the existence of loops, is to avoid entering into a circular fallacy, notably in the construction of the auxiliary function for the Carleman inequality. The difficulty is overcome with a careful treatment of the boundary terms on the junctions. Finally, we use the observability to prove the null controllability of the network and to obtain the Lipschitz stability for an inverse problem consisting on retrieving a stationary potential in the parabolic equation from measurements on the observation domain.
Density functional theory investigation of mechanisms of degradation reactions of sulfonated PEEK membranes with OH radicals in fuel cells: addition–elimination reactions and acid catalyzed water elimination
Authors: Stevens Jonathan E. , Pefley Courtney M. , Piatkowski Alice , Smith Zachary R. , Ognanovich Nikolina
Published: April 2023

Sulfonated polyether (ether) ketone or sulfonated PEEK (sPEEK) membranes are one possible candidate for proton-transfer membranes in hydrogen fuel cells. Reaction with hydroxy radicals is expected to be a significant source of degradation of these membranes during fuel cell operation. In this work, the reactivity of the sPEEK polymer molecule with OH radicals is studied by M062X hybrid density functional calculations of the energetics of several reaction paths in a water environment as modeled by polarized continuum model calculations. Reactants, products, encounter minima and transition states are optimized for a reaction pathway in which OH addition is followed by acid-catalyzed water elimination which cationizes the polymer, degradation is expected to follow this reaction as the unstable cation then undergoes bond-breaking or other reactions. Two pathways for this acid-catalyzed cationization, one in which a water molecule plays the role of an additional co-catalyst, are reported. Further calculations explore reaction pathways in which addition of OH to the polymer is followed by bond breaking reactions which would break the polymer chain or the bond between the polymer and sulfonyl groups. Examination of the free energy barriers to all these reactions, relative to reactants, suggests that these direct bond-breaking reactions may compete somewhat with acid-catalyzed water elimination following OH addition.
Changes in selected chemical and sensory parameters during aging of red wines produced in Poland
Authors: Zagrodzki Paweł , Jancik Michał , Piątek Wioleta , Fołta Maria , Dobrowolska-Iwanek Justyna
Published: April 2023

The study of the chemical composition of wines is of continuing interest to researchers, despite extensive knowledge about it. Many analyses focus on the chemical transformations that take place in this beverage as it ages. This study aimed to analyze changes in parameters such as free SO2 concentration, acidity, pH, the concentration of selected organic acids, total polyphenol concentration, and FRAP in five red wine varieties: Rondo, Regent, Cabernet Cortis, Acolon, and Zweigelt produced in Poland which were aged for 3 years. The study also included a sensory analysis of wines. The results indicated that, despite the relatively short aging time of the observed wine, the changes were significantly noticeable. The flavors of the wines, as well as their aromas, evolved, resulting in higher scores in sensory evaluation. Parameters such as free sulfur oxide (IV) concentration, antioxidant activity, and tartaric acid, acetic acid, and citric acid concentrations changed significantly. In addition, an analysis of the results was carried out using the PLS method, in which the relationships between the parameters determined were revealed. Research carried out indicates for the first time that Polish red wines have a relatively high potential for long aging.