bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing the performance of machine learning and statistical models in predicting football games
Authors: Fu Runxing Kenneth
Published: January 2024

In the realms of sports analytics and betting, the ability to accurately predict the outcome of specific games has been a particular subject of interest that has undergone intense research and development. In recent years, with the widespread distribution of technology and online resources, the utilization of algorithms and models has gradually become more prevalent in sports forecasting as they are able to consume and interpret high volumes of data, far beyond the capacity of humans. Algorithms such as random forest classifiers and Poisson regression have stood out in particular, each with its own strengths and limitations.
Deepfake Forensics: Identifying Real Regions in Altered Videos with Digital Watermarking
Authors: Asthana Aayush , Saarinen Sam
Published: January 2024

This paper describes a method for detecting Deepfake videos using a lightweight yet secure video encryption algorithm. With the increasing use of digital media, transferring data via the Internet or other mediums requires protection. In the proposed method a digital signature is generated and encrypted using Asymmetric Encryption (RSA). This encrypted signature is then used as a blind watermark for the video. This technique aims to detect “face swap” type of Deepfake videos. It is an efficient algorithm and has minimal impact on the perceptibility of the video quality.
Imagining a Man “More Exactly what He Ought to Be”: Jane Austen’s Revolutionary Masculinities
Authors: Katzenberger Hailey
Published: January 2024

Jane Austen’s canon has been expertly combed through for its moral implications, whether radically feminist or extremely conservative. Writing during the Napoleonic Wars, Austen was no stranger to politics, the military, or the implications both had on her life and her role in society. In the paper that follows, I posit that Austen channeled many of her opinions on England’s state of affairs through her male characters, who were the acting socio-political agents of the day. Through various caricatures of masculinity, Austen portrays masculine ideals and failures, both of which were rapidly evolving during her time. This research focuses on Austen’s portrayal of the “self-made man,” a form of masculinity which emerged following the American and French Revolutions, and grew to prominence in England following the Napoleonic Wars. These men quickly made places for themselves in society, particularly through the British Navy. They grew to rank and status through their own merit and skills, instead of high birth and landed title. Their increasing prominence threatened the very foundations of British society as Austen knew it. However, as this paper explores, Austen took care to present these men - and the changes they brought - in a positive light, showcasing the value in their revolutionary social movement. In the following essay, I demonstrate how, in doing so, Austen’s later novels, Mansfield Park and Persuasion, act as political tools which reveal how Austen’s opinions about England’s fragile state were revolutionary.
Structural Topic Modeling Suggests Importance of Relationships in Addiction Recovery
Authors: Wilson Sofia , Martinez Julia
Published: January 2024

Despite the great deal of literature on the problem of heavy drinking and alcohol use, there is relatively little investigation into the lived experience of recovery. The current study addresses this gap through an exploratory thematic analysis of Personal Stories of recovery published in the Alcoholics Anonymous Grapevine magazine. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is an abstinence-oriented, social support based recovery program. Over 300 Personal Stories were transcribed and analyzed using the Structural Topic Modeling package for R. The model with optimal semantic coherence and exclusivity outlining the five most prevalent topics across all Personal Stories was selected. The five topics were conceptualized and labeled as Relationships and Spirituality, Positive Change, AA and The Fellowship, Addiction and Consequences, and Family. The results of this study suggest social connection to have a strong influence on the recovery process. The topic model also suggests that individuals who find success in sobriety through involvement with AA may truly adopt the principles of the program as their own. Considerations for future directions are discussed.
Harnessing the Earth's Hidden Power: Illuminating the Human Geography Nexus of Geothermal Power in the Western Pacific Countries
Authors: Liu Chia-Hsun , Lin Tzu-Ting
Published: January 2024

Geothermal energy, being a renewable energy source with the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, has garnered significant international attention. In contrast to previous research primarily focused on the geological and natural scientific aspects of geothermal resources, this study adopts a perspective from the humanities and social sciences. The study delves into examining the correlation between geothermal development and human geography in Western Pacific countries: Japan, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Taiwan. These countries, located in geothermally active zones, offer compelling case studies for unraveling this relationship. Four representative factors, namely population density, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), land prices, and transportation, have been selected for analysis. By utilizing geographic information systems (GIS), correlation coefficient formula, and questionnaire surveys (in the case of Taiwan), the research investigates the spatial distribution and conducts quantitative analysis of the correlation. The primary objective of this research is to enhance the understanding of the present condition and trends in geothermal development within Western Pacific countries. It underscores the significance of incorporating local human geographical considerations during the formulation and execution of geothermal energy plans.
The Echo chamber-driven Polarization on Social Media
Authors: Kim Lucas
Published: January 2024

This article delves into the phenomenon of echo chambers and the role of social media in perpetuating polarization within online communities. As digital communication platforms continue to shape public discourse and information consumption, understanding the mechanisms behind echo chambers and their impact on societal polarization becomes paramount. The article explores the concept of echo chambers, defined as insulated online spaces where individuals are exposed primarily to like-minded perspectives, leading to the reinforcement of pre-existing beliefs and the exclusion of opposing viewpoints. Drawing on interdisciplinary research, the study examines the psychological, cognitive, and social factors that contribute to the formation and maintenance of echo chambers. Additionally, it investigates the role of algorithmic recommendation systems employed by social media platforms in amplifying polarization. Furthermore, the article analyzes the consequences of echo chambers and social media-driven polarization on public discourse, political polarization, and societal cohesion. It also highlights potential strategies and interventions to mitigate echo chamber effects and foster more diverse and inclusive online environments. The findings of this research shed light on the complex interplay between digital communication, echo chambers, and social polarization, ultimately providing insights into the challenges and opportunities for cultivating healthier online discourse in the era of social media.
The Impacts of Cybersecurity and AI on Businesses and Individuals
Authors: Kaushik Deepanshu
Published: January 2024

In today’s ever growing technological world, the protection of systems is needed and cybersecurity does just that. Cyber security is the field of prohibiting unauthorized users from accessing data, networks, and devices and keeping data safeguarded. AI or artificial intelligence plays a major part in this field since they can enhance the activities of humans more efficiently. Therefore, this paper deeply explores the specific positive and negative effects of cyber security and AI on businesses and individuals. This paper also dives deep into some tools of the field: CVE or common vulnerability and exposures and CVSS or common vulnerability scoring system. This leads the paper to discuss two major cyber incidents from JP Morgan and Chase and Microsoft Exchange Data Breach and the attacks used. These incidents displayed the need for a more vigorous cyber security. A few of the attacks these companies encountered and more types of attacks are explained in this paper as well. In addition, this paper informs about the specific effects cyber breaches can have on companies. This paper revealed that cybersecurity can positively affect businesses and individuals through mitigating attacks, securing data, making data accessible to only those who are allowed, and better quality of life and negative effects include high costs, more management, user inconvenience, constant new threats, and human error. The negative effects of AI include analyzing personal information, target vulnerabilities, mislead individuals, impersonate humans, and provide false information and positives include network intrusion detection products, threat hunting, vulnerability management, and data centers.
Impact of the Distribution of Funding for Homelessness Relief Programs on Racial Demographics
Authors: Xiao Steven
Published: January 2024

Homelessness has emerged as a multifaceted crisis affecting individuals and families globally. In recent years, there has been a significant rise in the number of individuals experiencing homelessness, leading to increased attention from policymakers and the public alike. In response to the escalating homelessness crisis, governments have established CoC programs as a central approach through means such as sustained support, transitional housing, and permanent housing. In this paper, we will conduct an analysis of funding allocation in the Continuum of Care (CoC) programs and its implications for homelessness across diverse racial categories. This study seeks to unravel the differential impact of these factors on racial communities through data analysis. Preliminary findings indicate that while funding mechanisms are crucial, their effects on homelessness are not uniform across racial groups. This investigation underscores the need for targeted, racially informed strategies in addressing homelessness, offering valuable insights for policy-making and intervention efforts.
Standardization Studies of Momordica charantia Seed with Physicochemical and Preliminary Phytochemical Accounts
Authors: Dubey Trupti , Patel Kirti V.
Published: January 2024

Momordica charantia Linn also known as Karela or bitter guard is commonly used vegetable of Cucurbitaceae family. Phytochemical constituent present in seeds contains oil, and sterols possesses the anti bacterial anti microbial and anti inflammatory properties which makes it one of the oldest plant used is natural Indian medicinal system. Present study was aimed to study organoleptic characterization, determination of moisture, total ash, acid-insoluble, water-soluble ash and protein contents, Loss on drying, heavy metals and microbial profile of Momordica charantia seed without seed coat. Furthermore qualitative test for secondary metabolites were performed for bitters, saponine, terpenoids, phenolic acids, glycosides, carbohydrates and reducing sugars were marked in preliminary tests. In final standardization extracts were taken for UV spectroscopy (at 270nm wavelength) at different concentrations against standard for quantitative analysis. After preparing different compositions mobile phase containing ethylene acetate: water: formic acid (7.7:1.3:0.9) was selected for TLC of chlorogenic acid marking in aqueous extract of Momordica charantia seed and gallic acid was run using mobile phase using toluene: formic acid: methanol (3.3: 0.8: 0.2) showed the presence of markers against standard. The plates were prepared and developed in mobile phase and Rf value was calculated. Photography of plates was done under UV visible mode. The above findings can be helpful in further research to reveal the reverse pharmacology of Momordica charantia seeds reported in traditional uses with significant way to design newer outcomes in diseases related with inflammatory and immune markers.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE LEVEL ON DRUG USE REGARDING PURCHASING AND DRUG COMPLIANCE IN TAKING ANTIBIOTIC MEDICATIONS WITHOUT PRESCRIPTION AT AZ-ZAHRA PHARMACY
Authors: Fauziah Dewi Winni , Anggraini Alisa , Rikomah Setya Enti , Mulyani Elly
Published: January 2024

Antibiotics are drugs used to treat infections caused by bacteria. The uncontrolled use of antibiotics is supported by the ease of obtaining antibiotics freely without using a doctor's prescription. Improper and uncontrolled use will have an impact on increasing the risk of resistance. This research was conducted at the Az-zahra Pharmacy in the Pasar Pedati area in February – April 2023. This research used quantitative research. The statistical test in this study uses bivariate correlation to state the existence of a relationship and the level of closeness, then a linear regression test is carried out to determine the existence of an influence. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of patient knowledge about antibiotics on purchasing medicines and the influence of patient knowledge on adherence to taking antibiotic medication at the Az-zahra Pharmacy. The results of this study show that the characteristics of the respondents are that the majority are aged 26-45 years, 61 people (57.54%), with the highest education being senior high school, 43 people (40.56%), the respondents' occupation as housewives, 21 people (19 .81%), gender is dominated by women as many as 67 people (63.20%), and the majority of antibiotics purchased by the public are amoxicillin as much as 28.30%. Respondents' knowledge about antibiotics has a positive effect on purchasing antibiotics at pharmacies by 5.7% with a significance value of <0.05. Respondents' knowledge about antibiotics has a positive effect on respondents' compliance in taking medication by 33.8% with a significance value of <0.05.
Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) and Pharmacovigilance: A Current Prospectives
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Kumar Aditya , Akanksha Akanksha , Kumar Ambrish , Shukla Alok Kumar , Rajawat Dharna Singh
Published: January 2024

Unwanted medication response is defined as "a significantly undesirable or harmful reaction; side effects typically indicate a risk from additional management and contact for prevention, special care, a change in the dosage schedule, or withdrawal of the product. Generally, ADR have been divided into two types: Type-A which is dose dependent and predictable on the basis of the pharmacology of the drug. e.g. beta blocker. Type-B which is unpredictable and not dose dependent. e.g. anticonvulsant. The science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse events or any other drug-related problem" is the definition of pharmacovigilance. Post-marketing surveillance and additional ADR monitoring techniques include prescription event monitoring, digital medical record connection, voluntary reporting by hospitals (such as the UK's Yellow Card System), cohort/case control studies, and personal case reports from physicians. Because preventing or reducing the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) continues to be a challenge in our daily clinical practice, reaching the highest level of possible results from treatments continue to be a top priority for individual clinicians.
Effects of Lesson Study and Team Teaching on Students’ Achievement in Physics in Selected Secondary Schools in Niger State
Authors: OBABORI H. F , GANA C. S. , GIMBA R. W. , ALHASAN U. D.
Published: January 2024

The study was carried out to examine the effects of Lesson study and Team teaching on students’ achievement in Physics in selected secondary schools in Niger State. The study employed a quasi-experimental (pre-test post-test non-equivalent group design) and was guided by two research questions and two corresponding hypotheses. The population of the study comprised of 34,694 Senior Secondary School II Physics students (20,320 Male, 16,374 Female). 380 students (213 male, 167 Female) in the six purposively sampled science and technical colleges were used for the study. Data was collected from the sampled students using Physics Achievement Test for Students (PATS). The reliability coefficient for PATS was calculated using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and its value given as 0.77. To answer the research questions, mean and standard deviation were used. The corresponding hypotheses were tested using ANOVA at 0.05 decision level. The Tukey procedure was used to make pairwise comparisons of means where necessary. The results revealed that there was a statistically significant difference among the groups taught Physics using Lesson Study model, Team Teaching and Lecture method (F (2,377) = 8.708, p (0.000) < 0.05). A further analysis shows that significant difference exists between the group of students taught using Lesson Study model and those taught using Lecture method (p = 0.000). Another significant difference was also found between the group of students taught using Team Teaching and those taught using Lecture method. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the students taught using Lesson Study and those taught using Team Teaching The male and female in the experimental groups performed better than male and female in the control group F(5,374)=4.517, p (0.001) < 0.05. From the study, it was recommended that Physics teachers should implement Lesson Study for active participation of students towards enhancing students’ achievement in Physics.
Effects of Digital Credit on Small Business Performance in Obunga, Railways Ward, Kisumu County, Kenya.
Authors: Auma Joan Salome
Published: January 2024

Small and Micro Enterprises play an important role in economic development of any nation by harnessing human capital, use of raw materials and technology. They require enough funds to facilitate expansion of operations, develop new products, hire new staff and acquire new facilities. Lack of capital and financing conversely has been identified as a major factor affecting their performance leading to their failures. Innovations in financial technology in the form of digital credit have taken advantage of these financing gaps and have come up with powerful tools to mitigate financing barriers faced by small businesses. This study sought to address the effects of digital credit on small business performance in Obunga, Railways ward in Kisumu, Kenya. The business performance was determined through operating cash flow, Sales volume and Net profit margin. Asymmetric Information theory and Default Risk Theory of Credit were selected to anchor this study. The study adopted descriptive research design. The target population was 454 Small and Micro Enterprises while the sample size was 212 Small and Micro Enterprises. The study adopted both stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires and interviews. Secondary data was collected through reviewing available records regarding digital credit and small business performance. The study adopted content validity. The data collected was analyzed using the Statistical package for social sciences version 24.0. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study findings conclude that the performance of the SMEs could be seen from profit margins, sales when they access digital credit.The study in addition suggests that the fast growth of fintechs had increased the cost of borrowing to SMEs and their repayment problems even though they offer flexible loan contracts to SMEs who have the ability to determine their own preferred loan repayment schedule. The study recommends the managers and owners of SMEs in Obunga ward to adopt an entrepreneurial mind-set that would support their ability to better gain financial access from various financial institutions Based on the study findings, it is also recommended that the government mobile loan institutions should consider lowering the costs involved in lending the credit. Lastly, the study recommends the managers and owners of SMEs in Obunga ward to make use of available flexible repayment options to borrow what their businesses actually require.
Comparing and Contrasting ECOWAS and SADC: Successes, Failures, and Challenges.
Authors: Habeenzu Lennon Jambo
Published: January 2024

The overall goal of the African Union in relation to regional integration is the attainment of the Africa Economic Community in which the identified eight regional economic blocs have been tasked to fast-track this aspiration as highlighted in the Abuja Treaty of 1991. This study undertakes a desk review to compare and contrast two regional blocs—ECOWAS and SADC. This is done by looking at the successes, failures and challenges faced by each of the regions. The study found that both ECOWAS and SADC have made indelible progress in ensuring peace and security in their regions and the attainment of some important regional integration landmarks such as the free trade area, free movement of people, and trans-national roads. On the contrary, these RECs have failed to ultimately achieve their integration goals. Both ECOWAS and SADC have failed to implement the customs union and a single regional currency. There are however several challenges faced by these RECs such as multiple membership, lack of political will to implement regional integration programs, and the pursuit of over-ambitious regional integration goals. Therefore, it is recommended that both ECOWAS and SADC undertake comprehensive effort to ensure that realist regional integrations goals are set with the needed political vigor to achieve them. Without which many regional integration programs will continue being stuck and never attained.
Fundamental Distinctions between Teaching and Drilling in the Classroom: A Search for a Philosophical Criterion.
Authors: Peter Afubwa
Published: January 2024

This paper makes a fundamental distinction between teaching and drilling within the class room. Whereas many teachers go to the classroom to teach, it has been observed that what really takes place in the class rooms is much of drilling than teaching. This paper while it criticizes the common pedagogical approaches oriented towards drilling, it also proposes a new approach; the philosophical minimum, which leads to meaningful teaching and learning. The Philosophical approach presents three criteria namely; the intentionality Criterion, the Indicative criterion and the Readiness Criterion. This approach attempts to solve the common problems and challenges encountered by teachers as well as learners in the teaching-learning process. This paper makes recommendations which are quite significant in the improvement of the education quality at all learning levels.
Consumers’ Resistance to Retailer Brand Substitution: Antecedents and Consequences
Authors: KANNOU Ahmed , TRABELSI Rym ELAMRI , RACHED Kaouther SAIED BEN
Published: January 2024

Since the economic and social crisis in Tunisia, consumers have grown skeptical and suspicious of developments and changes coming from companies. Brand substitution is a strategy that has captured consumers’ attention, prompting numerous inquiries. The purpose of this research is to understand how consumers perceive and react toward a store brand name substitution and, consequently, a change in their retailing mix and to identify antecedents that can generate consumer resistance. A qualitative approach analysis with 15 consumers highlighted three main antecedents such as (1) surprise, (2) negative emotions, (3) attachment to the old store brand. These antecedents influence buying behavior and, in some cases, generate resistance to substitution, negatively affecting the relationship between customers and the new store brand.
DIREÇÃO ESTRATÉGICA COMO INSTRUMENTO DA LONGEVIDADE EM EMPRESAS FAMILIARES
Authors: Lopes Santana Leticia
Published: January 2024

O objetivo desse estudo é verificar os fatores de sobrevivência das empresas familiares, bem como analisar seu tempo de vida, entender os principais desafios do planejamento estratégico durante a sucessão empresarial e recebimento de comando pelos sucessores e objetiva elucidar quais organizações têm tido mais êxito nesse processo. Será analisado, por conseguinte, o cenário nacional em se tratando do tempo de vida das empresas e também os principais conflitos geracionais que são eclodidos por ocasião do planejamento empresarial e familiar para fins sucessórios. Para a realização deste estudo, utilizamos dados de órgãos governamentais e não governamentais, sabendo que o material teórico de apoio contou com muitas contribuições com óticas nacionais e internacionais, o que matizou e mixou o conhecimento acumulado sobre essa área de conhecimento em específico. Os dados foram dispostos por meio de escalas e de figuras demonstrativas para facilitar a compreensão do prestimoso professor/leitor. Os principais resultados percebidos incluem a necessidade de se falar mais sobre o assunto nas mesas de domingo, para que assim este deixe de ser tratado com um assunto tabu e que seja transportado em direção à normalidade e preparo sistemático para uma ausência indesejada, porém inevitável.
CONSUMER PROTECTION FROM UNWANTED ELECTRONIC COMMERCIAL ADVERTISING UNDER LAW NO. 18-05
Authors: OUIS Maya
Published: January 2024

The technological development of the current era in various fields has led to the emergence of electronic commerce, which has become carried out through the Internet, which does not recognize geographical borders or the principles known by traditional trade, and this has increased its importance and danger at the same time. Electronic commercial advertising is considered one of the most important aspects of electronic commerce through which electronic promotion of products and services takes place, as it plays an important role in directing the will of the public and influencing the psyche of consumers, inviting them and urging them to contract with them to acquire certain products and services at the expense of others, and given the low cost of these electronic advertisements and the possibility of sending it via e -mail messages, electronic suppliers take advantage of this feature, and send it to the largest possible number of consumers, in an intensive manner, whether they have previously been dealt with or not, and whether they wish to do so or not, which increases the pressure on the consumer. These advertisements are often not accepted and welcomed by the consumer public, and therefore they are called “Spam " or " Spamming ", because they restrict the freedoms of individuals, interfere with their privacy and invade the consumer's private life, as soon as he opens his e-mail he gets surprised by it without any consent from him, and it is difficult for him to remove it from his e-mail, in addition to the damage it causes to consumers. Thus, consumer protection has become an important priority in all electronic transactions, especially protecting it from unwelcome commercial advertisements that the consumer receives via the Internet in order to avoid messages sent to him without his desire. Therefore, national and international legislation has resorted to limiting this phenomenon and combating unwanted advertisements, enacting legal texts regulating electronic commercial advertisements, and approving penal liability when violating them. Similar to the legislation of other countries, the Algerian le gislator issued Electronic Commerce Law No. 18-05 to regulate electronic commercial transactions in this new type of trade, which depends on electronic communication technology, as it stipulated through it the regulation of electronic commercial advertising
THE EFFECT OF NEW MEDIA ON FORMATTING A PUBLIC OPINION ABOUT THE WAR IN YEMEN "A FIELD STUDY AMONG YEMENIS RESIDING IN TURKEY"
Authors: BAYASHOT Mohammed
Published: January 2024

The research aims to find out the extent of the effect of the new media on forming public opinion about the war in Yemen among Yemenis residing in Turkey, Moreover, to know the extent to which the research sample relies on social media in following up situation in Yemen compared to reliance on traditional media. The qualitative research "descriptive" methodology was used, through the an in-depth semi-structured interview method, to collect research data with eight Yemenis residing in Turkey. The results of the research concluded that most of the Yemenis residing in Turkey depend on social media as a main source in following up the war in Yemen, furthermore, the facebook was the first platform compared to other platforms in the following. The results of the research also revealed that the social media contributed greatly to the formation of the mental image that is closest to reality about the events of the war in Yemen among the research sample, in addition to the fact that most of the research sample do not trust all posts that were published on social media about the war in Yemen
TREATY OF BERLIN 1878 AD AND ITS IMPACT ON THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
Authors: ubdir ABDULKAREEM Maher M , Ibrahim NAJEM Noor
Published: January 2024

In order to know the Berlin Treaty and its effects related to the Middle East, it is necessary to go back a little to study the European position and the positions of the major powers that controlled the world at that time and decided its fate. Therefore, we had to go back to the year 1870 AD, as that year was important in the world and in guiding the policy of the major powers in a new direction. In the year 1870, German soldiers entered France, and an era passed, and Europe entered a new era. France collapsed as the first country in the continent in terms of warfare, and Germany replaced it. , which was established by Bismarck, and became a driving political force for it
WOMEN AND THE FATWA REFERENCE
Authors: CHOUDER Yamina
Published: January 2024

The research paper deals with the topic of women and the fatwa reference. It is a bilateral problem related to women's assumption of the position of fatwa, as the issue of their assumption of the position of fatwa has sparked a wide controversy in jurisprudential circles and international conferences in many Islamic countries among those who support it, considering that women practiced teaching and issuing fatwas at the time of the righteous predecessors. He explained that the fatwa is a general mandate that women may not assume. This is due to several points of view of jurisprudence under discussion. This issue is also one of the human rights issues called for by many women's associations, considering that the fatwa is not exclusive to men and women have the participation of scholars in fatwa bodies, in order to enable women to exercise their right to fatwa, so some called for the need to appoint women in the role of fatwa institutions. There is no doubt that judging the thing is a branch of its perception, as the scholars say, the issue calls for searching for its legal rooting and the extent of the need for women muftis in light of contemporary developments. The research concluded that it is permissible to appoint women to the position of fatwa. The issue is not fundamentalist as much as it is procedural due to the ruler first and to the availability of the necessary conditions to assume this position.
LEGAL CONCEPTS, THEIR CHARACTERISTICS AND TEACHING METHODS
Authors: AKAZIM Muhammed
Published: January 2024

This study aims to identify the characteristics of legal concepts in terms of the foundations of their construction and methods of downloading them in classroom practice in teaching and evaluation, in proportion to the specificity of these concepts, which are distinguished from other concepts by their abstract characteristics and their metaphysical nature at times. To address this problem represented in: "What are the advantages and characteristics of the legal concept, and what are the problems of downloading it in classroom practice, and what are the proposed solutions to overcome it"? This research was organized in two sections, the first of which was devoted to clarifying the reality of concepts, the second to their characteristics, and the third to teaching methods and the proposed methodology for evaluating them, in order to bring them closer to learners, and to overcome the problems that teachers face when presenting these concepts to their learners, whether at the methodological or didactic level. In order to address the research problem, the study started from the following hypothesis: - The legal concept has its own nature that distinguishes it from the rest of the other legal concepts, and therefore its teaching requires its own methodology because it is an abstract and intangible concept, and therefore teachers of Islamic education must have knowledge of these legal concepts, in order to have a clear vision of the reality of the legal concept and its characteristics. And the requirements of teaching it, just as the textbooks should reveal legal concepts in a dialectical way that takes into account the level of growth of the learners’ knowledge, through educational and educational activities directed to them, and in effective pedagogical ways. In conclusion, the research presents a set of proposals and recommendations in order to overcome the imbalances and solve the problems that prevent building doctrinal concepts on sound foundations, and downloading them properly in classroom practice.
THE ROLE OF SCIENCE AND RELIGION IN SOLVING THE ISSUES OF HUMANITY AND CULTURE IN “HAYAT” NEWSPAPER
Authors: Fatma ABBAS Alizade
Published: January 2024

Akhund Abu Turab’s article “What sciences do we need?” was published in the newspaper “Hayat”, published in 1905-1906 under the editorship of Alibey Huseynzade and Ahmad bey Aghaoglu. In the article, the author touched upon the role of science and religion in matters of humanity and culture. At the same time, sharp polemical opinions were formed and published in the media. Akhund Abu Turab gave priority to religious sciences and developed consistent ideas. Alibey Huseynzade in his article entitled “Akhund Abu Turab Hazratlari” showed that both religion and science play a big role in the issues of humanity and culture
THE CHARACTER OF A STRANGE-EDUCATED TEACHER IN JALIL MAMMADGULUZADA'S DRAMATURGY
Authors: ASKEROVA Sadagat
Published: January 2024

In this article, the path of the character of the teacher is reviewed in different stages and directions in the context of Azerbaijani literature, and the new content gained by the character in the works related to critical realist dramaturgy is examined. For the analysis, as the most obvious example, the tragicomedies "The Dead" and "Danabash Village School" from the dramaturgy of J. Mammadguluzade were taken. Presentation of the teacher's name in various modifications ("molla", "master", "sheikh", "master", "murshid", "khoja", "logman", etc.) and after being informed about their function, the images of teacher Mirza Huseyn and teacher Hasanov as inappropriate teachers of the new stage are studied and evaluated as representatives of the global problem of the time - foreign education and the regrettable situation caused by it. The issue of native language factor and teaching and learning according to the requirements of the time is justified as an important idea put forward and defended by the author. Two main problems are solved in the presentation of the image of the teacher with different modifications: First, the literary language of Azerbaijan is exposed to foreign influences from time to time, the consequences of not having education in the mother tongue, and secondly, the importance of the teacher, who changes the society by educating, to move away from the traditional-scholastic methods. The education system criticized by Jalil Mammadguluzade alienates the new generation, and the memorization of meaningless texts they do not understand prevents the development of their analytical thinking.
THE MATERNAL AND THE PSYCHIC CONSTRUCTION IN THE PSYCHOANALYTICAL APPROACH TO D.W.WINNICOTTE
Authors: BENMELOUKA Chahineze
Published: January 2024

This article seeks to generate a renewed interest in ideas that are associated with theoretical understandings concerning attachment, concepts of self and compassion with regard to young children. It is concerned with the ways in which early childhood teachers think about children in relation to their social and emotional development and the development of their personality. Of particular interest is the work of Donald Winnicott (1971), a British paediatrician and psychoanalyst, who is particularly well known for the understanding he has of such things as transitional objects, introduces a term called holding. This term varies from the more common association of physical holding or giving a hug to some one who is upset. Winnicott is referring to the ability of an adult to tolerate and digest or register the feeling of the child. Often, when we are with a child who is upset, we too have a set of feelings evoked. We feel some of what they feel. Doing this in some way helps us to know the state of the other, and to also not be overwhelmed by what the other person feels but to let them know in tone and expression that it is ok to be upset so that they might move through the experience. The task of holding is not to do or to fix but to tolerate, and with this the child too can accept themselves, have the feeling attended to, and to move through the experience. The task of holding is also not about stopping children from expressing their feelings, but it is about holding the feeling that then allows the child to find their equilibrium (Winnicott, 1971).
CHILD LABOR AND ITS REPERCUSSIONS ON ALGERIAN SOCIETY - AN ANALYTICAL AND EVALUATION STUDY –
Authors: MOUSSAOUI Samia
Published: January 2024

The phenomenon of child labor is one of the emerging phenomena that began its way to our Arab society to become a problem added to our intractable problems that need a decisive and rapid solution. Especially in the age group from 6 to 12 years. This research paper comes to highlight the most important sociodemographic and economic characteristics of child labor based on the database of the Sixth Cluster Survey 2019. The results of the study showed that the percentage of child labor is six times what was stated by official sources, and males are more likely to work in childhood compared to females, and the average age of workers is estimated to be approximately The north-central region is the most targeted area for child labor, and 22% of working children have functional difficulties
A Case Study of a Five-Day Virtual Clinical Simulation with Pre-Licensure Nursing Students
Authors: Sanford Natalie , Raleigh Mary , Dickinson Tommy
Published: January 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing clinical placement shortages for nursing students in the United Kingdom. Placements using virtual simulation have the potential to replace or supplement traditional clinical placements. Objective: The objective of this case study was to examine the perceptions and experience of pre-licensure mental health nursing students and facilitators who took part in a five-day virtual simulation. Methods: A virtual simulation placement focused on mental health nursing was developed. Students from three universities in London engaged in the virtual simulation placement and a student focus group. Virtual simulation facilitators participated in one-on-one semi-structured interviews. Focus group and interview data were thematically analyzed using NVivo 12. Results: Pre-licensure mental health nursing students and simulation facilitators felt that virtual simulation training filled gaps in education, increased the accessibility of education, and led to the formation of a supportive community of students in a depressurized learning environment. Students reported that virtual simulation provided a safe opportunity for them to practice and learn new skills. However, facilitators reported an increased cognitive load while teaching online. Limitations: This was a small-scale case study of a placement that was converted to suit the online environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future work would benefit from an interventional approach with a larger and more diverse group of students. Conclusions: Virtual simulation has potential to increase placement capacity for nursing students. Students and facilitators perceived that virtual simulation was effective for student learning. Challenges with virtual simulation, such as increased cognitive load for facilitators, should be explored further in future research.
A Conceptual Model of Nurse-Physician Collaboration in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Boev Christine
Published: January 2024

Background: Nurse-physician collaboration in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) is an important component of a healthy work environment and is associated with better outcomes. Objective: The purpose of this study was to better understand collaboration from the perspective of ICU nurses and physicians to develop a conceptual model. Donabedian’s Heath Quality Model served as the framework for this study, and themes were situated within the context of structures, processes, and outcomes associated with nurse-physician collaboration. Methodology: This study utilized a qualitative descriptive design to better understand nurse-physician collaboration. The research team conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with four ICU physicians and six ICU nurses from November 2018 through February 2019. Results: Top themes associated with structure included Accessible, Debrief, Experience, Leadership, and Team. Within the model, the Impact of Acuity on collaboration is illustrated. Process themes included Advocate, Rounding, and Professionalism. Outcomes consisted of Patient Outcomes, Nurse Outcomes, and Physician Outcomes. “Process outcomes” include Shared Decision Making, United Front, and Communication. Conclusion and Recommendations: Hospital administrators should focus on these themes when working to improve nurse-physician collaboration. This model can serve as a framework to coordinate investments to support collaboration.
Fellowship, Finance, and Fervor: Nurses Caring for Nurses During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Millenbach Linda , Maneval Rhonda , Rogers Doreen , Sellers Kathleen , Elliott Deborah , Niyirora Jerome
Published: January 2024

Background: From March 25-July 8, 2020, the COVID-19 Emergency Grant Program awarded $2,734,500 to 2484 nurses across the United States who experienced economic distress. Significance: The study describes the effect of emergency grant funding on grantees and determines the commonalities of these nurses’ experiences through their written expressions of appreciation in thank you notes. Methodology: This descriptive study used Burnard’s 14 Stages in Qualitative Content Analysis to determine the categories and sub-categories from thank you notes received from grantees. Results: The 99 thank you notes analyzed led to identification of five categories: 1) thanks to Nurses House, Inc., 2) expressions of appreciation, 3) experiencing COVID-19, 4) economic uncertainty, and 5) caring within the professional context. Conclusions: While the thank you notes revealed economic uncertainty amongst these nurses, the thrust of this study revealed the gratitude of nurses who experienced nurses caring for them during pandemic conditions. Nurses caring for each other is a new phenomenon. While the thank you notes revealed the importance of financial support to the grantees during this crisis, this study redefined the impact of nurses caring for nurses.
Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Feces and Wastewater Treatment System in Swine Farms, Thailand
Authors: Yossapol Montira , Jinawa Panutchada , Kaowanan Pumipat , Thanapratpruang Tharaporn , Sonrit Sarawut , Konputtar Adithep , Laoseeyong Benjawan , Odoi Justice Opare
Published: January 2024

The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) problem is one that demands urgent interventions to minimize the rapid spread in humans, animals and the environment. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) could spread from livestock farms to environment or circulate in farms via wastewater. This study aimed to quantify and characterize ESBL-Ec in swine feces and wastewater samples collected from 2 conventional swine farms with wastewater treatment systems. Microbiological analysis was performed on fecal and wastewater samples, and the concentration of cefotaxime (CTX)-resistant bacteria, indicative of ESBL-Ec, was determined across different stages of wastewater treatment. Additionally, ESBL-Ec was isolated and identified from fresh feces, swine house wastewater, and treated wastewater from covered lagoons and photosynthetic ponds. Results indicated a higher concentration of CTX-resistant bacteria in the wastewater in the early process of wastewater treatment. However, CTX-resistant bacteria were not detected in the final photosynthetic pond in one of the 2 farms. ESBL-Ec was identified in fresh feces from swine houses and wastewater treatment plants in both farms. Further antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed diverse resistance patterns among the ESBL-Ec isolates, with tetracycline and gentamicin demonstrated the highest resistance rates. The ESBL genes identified belonged to the CTX-M-14, CTX-M-17 and CTX-M-55. This study demonstrated the presence of ESBL-Ec in swine feces and wastewater, emphasizing the importance of effective wastewater treatment before discharging to limit the spread of AMR bacteria.
HIGHLIGHTS

ESBL producers was isolated from fecal and wastewater samples from swine farms
The wastewater treatment system could reduce cefotaxime-resistant bacteria
CTX-M-14, CTX-M-17 and CTX-M-55 genes were detected in swine farms, Thailand

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Los que regresan y los que no: posmemoria y provocación en libros álbum sobre niñas y niños evacuados
Authors: Arizpe Solano Evelyn
Published: January 2024

En las décadas de los años treinta y cuarenta serealizaron grandes evacuaciones de grupos de niñasy niños en varios países europeos con la intención deprotegerlos de los conflictos bélicos. Los librosálbum que narran estos hechos históricos y lasexperiencias de los evacuados se enfrentan con elreto de filtrar los detalles traumáticos y atenuar suimpacto en los lectores. Debido a ello, autores eilustradores utilizan diversas estrategias literarias yvisuales para transferir la memoria histórica. En este

artículo, sostengo que el concepto de posmemoriapropuesto por Hirsch (The Generation), yampliado por otros críticos literarios, ayuda aidentificar estas estrategias y la forma en que searticulan en la narración de forma creativa y conuna mirada hacia el futuro. Como ejemplo,examino tres textos situados en distintos contextosgeográficos: The Lion and the Unicorn (El león y elunicornio) de Shirley Hughes, publicado en 1988;Tre in tutto (Tres en total) escrito por Davide Cali eilustrado por Isabella Labate del 2018 y Mexique,escrito por Maria José Ferrada e ilustrado por AnaPenyas en el 2017. Tomando como pautas lospuntos clave de “inflexión emocional” segúnKuusisto-Arponen (“Silence”), analizo las“estructuras postmemoriales a nivel de relato”(Milevski y Wetenkamp, “Introduction”) que sesostienen en marcadores históricos y fragmentosde memoria oral y textual, y dan pie a laproducción creativa que, según Hirsch, ayuda a

“re-encarnar y re-individualizar las estructuras másdistantes de la memoria cultural” (36). Concluyoque los tres libros extienden una invitación, adistintos niveles emotivos, a reflexiones quepueden fomentar una afiliación entre generaciones,pero también hacia quienes se encuentran ahoraen situaciones de desplazamiento forzado.