bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan pemberian ASI eksklusif terhadap perkembangan kognitif bayi usia 3-24 bulan di Puskesmas Grogol Petamburan Jakarta Barat tahun 2019
Authors: Kalew Priska Amanda , Pambudi Wiyarni
Published: December 2022

Perkembangan kognitif anak salah satunya dapat ditunjang dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif. ASI mengandung asam lemak Arachidonic acid (AA) dan Docosehaxaenoic acid (DHA) yang dibutuhkan untuk perkembangan otak. Tujuan studi ini untuk mengetahui gambaran perkembangan kognitif pada bayi usia 3-24 bulan di Puskesmas Grogol Petamburan Jakarta Barat yang mendapatkan ASI eksklusif dan yang tidak mendapatkan ASI eksklusif serta mengetahui hubungan anatara pemberian ASI eksklusif terhadap perkembangan kognitif pada bayi usia 3-24 bulan. Studi analitik observasional dengan desain cross-sectional ini dilakukan pada 109 nayi usia 3-24 bulan yang dipilih dengan teknik non probability sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara berdasarkan kuesioner dan formulir Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) yang berisi pertanyaan mengenai identitas pasien, riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif, interaksi ibu dan anak serta pertanyaan seputar perkembangan anak dalam aspek bahasa, sosial kemandirian, motorik halus dan motorik kasar. Dari 109 responden terdapat 70 anak mendapatkan ASI eksklusif dan 39 anak tidak mendapatkan ASI eksklusif. Hasil studi mendapatkan 12,8% anak yang tidak mendapatkan ASI eksklusif memiliki perkembanghan kognitif abnormal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan bermakna antara pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan perkembangan kognitif anak dengan nilai p= 0,110  pada uji Fisher’s Exact Test dan rasio prevalens 3,824 yang berarti responden yang tidak mendapatkan ASI eksklusif memiliki prevalensi 3,824 kali lebih tinggi untuk mengalami perkembangan kognitif yang abnormal dibandingkan yang mendapat ASI eksklusif. Kesimpulan dari studi ini adalah pemberian ASI eksklusif tidak bermakna secara statistik tetapi bermakna secara epidemiologi dalam mempengaruhi perkembangan kognitif anak usia 3-24 bulan di Puskesmas Grogol Petamburan Kota Jakarta Barat.
Karakteristik maternal dan faktor obstetrik terkait persalinan prematur di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo
Authors: Herdiman Julia , Irwinda Rima
Published: December 2022

Prematuritas hingga saat ini masih menjadi masalah global di dunia. Prematuritas juga bertanggung jawab terhadap mayoritas kematian neonatus. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik ibu hamil (maternal) dan faktor obstetrik yang berhubungan dengan persalinan preterm di RSUPN Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta. Studi ini merupakan studi deskriptif observasioanal dengan desain potong lintang yang dilakukan pada wanita dengan usia kehamilan <37 minggu dan melahirkan antara Januari - Desember 2014. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi usia ibu, paritas, riwayat Preterm Premature Ruptur of Membrane (PPROM), penyakit ibu khususnya preeklamsia, penggunaan kortikosteroid antenatal untuk mematangkan paru, cara persalinan, skor Apgar 5 menit dan jenis kelamin bayi. Selama periode studi terdapat 2447 persalinan dengan prevalensi persalinan preterm sebesar 41,32%. Hampir setengah dari kelahiran prematur mengalami PPROM sebelum bayi lahir. Janin berjenis kelamin laki-laki memiliki hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik dengan kelahiran prematur (p 0.036, OR 1.375, 95% CI 1.020-1.854). Ibu usia <35 hampir dua kali lipat risiko mengalami PPROM dibandingkan ibu ?35. Menjadi nulipara juga meningkatkan risiko PPROM lebih dari 1,6 kali lipat (OR 1.663, 95% CI 1.213-2.278). Penyakit ibu seperti Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2, penyakit ginjal, jantung, autoimun, keganasan dalam kehamilan, penyakit tiroid dan infeksi sistemik memberikan risiko melahirkan prematur dua kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan preeklamsia. Faktor keseluruhan terbesar yang terkait dengan kelahiran prematur adalah janin laki-laki. Pada kehamilan tunggal, usia dan paritas secara statistik berhubungan dengan PPROM pada persalinan prematur.
Hubungan penggunaan kosmetik bedak padat terhadap kejadian akne vulgaris pada mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tarumanagara
Authors: Inayati Aenun Azkiya , Darmawan Hari
Published: December 2022

Akne Vulgaris merupakan penyakit kulit yang sering terjadi di kalangan dewasa muda. Kejadian tertinggi akne vulgaris dijumpai pada usia 17-21 tahun. Faktor penyebabnya dapat dikarenakan penggunaan kosmetik seperti bedak padat. Kosmetik jenis bedak padat yang bersifat bahan komedogenik dan aknegenik akan memicu terjadinya komedo dan menyebabkan akne vulgaris. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penggunaan kosmetik bedak padat dan hubungannya terhadap kejadian akne vulgaris pada mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tarumanagara. Metode yang digunakan pada studi ini adalah analitik dengan desain potong lintang dengan pengisian kuesioner dan diagnosis akne vulgaris diklarifikasi oleh dokter spesialis kulit kelamin (Sp. KK). Sampel diambil secara purposive non-probability sampling, kemudian dianalisa menggunakan uji chi-square. Studi ini didapatkan sebanyak 80 responden dengan pengguna bedak padat yang menderita akne vulgaris sebesar 46 (57,50%) dengan frekuensi penggunaan bedak padat terbanyak kurang dari 3 kali sehari dan mayoritas durasi penggunaan 5-6 jam. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan nilai p=0,057 yang menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara penggunaan bedak padat terhadap kejadian akne vulgaris.
Hubungan kecanduan internet dengan prestasi akademik pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tarumanagara tahap akademik
Authors: Muliani Tamara , Widjaja Yoanita
Published: December 2022

Kecanduan internet adalah penggunaan internet secara berlebihan yang tidak dapat dikendalikan. Kecanduan internet merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang dapat memengaruhi prestasi akademik mahasiswa. Tujuan studi ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kecanduan internet dengan prestasi akademik mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tarumanagara pada tahap akademik. Studi ini menggunakan studi analitik metode potong lintang yang dilakukan di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tarumanagara. Subyek studi berjumlah 242 mahasiswa yang diambil menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling dengan komposisi 179 perempuan dan 63 laki-laki yang berada dalam tahap akademik dengan berbagai rentang usia. Data diperoleh menggunakan kuesioner YIAT (Young Internet Addiction Test) yang sudah diterjemahkan ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Sebanyak 194 mahasiswa (80,2%) mengalami kecanduan internet dan sebanyak 202 mahasiswa (83,5%) mendapatkan prestasi akademik yang baik. Pada studi ini didapatkan bahwa sebanyak 99 mahasiswa (51%) lebih sering membuka konten non ilmiah seperti, jejaring sosial, hiburan maupun game online. Pada studi ini juga ditemukan bahwa perempuan lebih banyak yang mengalami kecanduan internet, yaitu sebanyak 140 orang (72,2%). Kelompok usia terbanyak yang mengalami kecanduan adalah mahasiswa yang berusia 19 tahun, yaitu sebanyak 66 orang (34%). Hasil studi ini didapatkan nilai p=1 (p>0,05) yang berarti kecanduan internet tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan prestasi akademik mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tarumanagara tahap akademik. Hal ini dapat berhubungan dengan konten apa yang dibuka selama bermain internet.
The Employment of Self-regulated Learning Strategies in Learning English at a Ho Chi Minh City-based High School
Authors: Tham Duong My , Lua Ta Thi Hong
Published: December 2022

Self-regulated learning strategies are referred to as learning processes which students conduct independently and purposefully such as goal setting, planning, motivating, attention controlling, monitoring, and evaluating their learning. Student’s academic achievements, therefore, are supposed to be affected by their self-regulated learning strategies employment. The present study aims to investigate to what extent 90 twelfth graders use self-regulated learning strategies to learn English at a high school in Ho Chi Minh City. The quantitative data collected via a closed-ended questionnaire were statistically analyzed by means of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 (i.e., mean and standard deviation). The findings showed that the surveyed students generally employed eight categories of self-regulated learning strategies including goal setting, planning, self-motivation, flexible use of learning strategies, attention control, self-monitoring, help seeking, and self-evaluation during their English learning. Amongst the self-regulated learning strategies categories, the goal setting strategies were the number-one category while the self-evaluation strategies were the least used category. Based on the preliminary results of this study, some pedagogical implications and recommendations for further research on the employment of self-regulated learning strategies in English as a foreign language (EFL) contexts are given.
Synthesis of new thioester derivative of aspirin and study its effect on some biochemical parameters in blood serum of rabbits
Authors: Zaid Abdalkader Dawood  , Firas Shawqi Algburi  , Nazar Ahmad Naji1
Published: December 2022

This presented work was included synthesis of new thioester derivatives by reaction of Aspirin (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) (NSAIDs) and Captopril as a carrier which is used as an antihypertensive drug and an inhibitor for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Aspirin was converted into acid chloride of aspirin then reacted with SH group of captopril to afforded of 1-(3-((2-acetoxybenzoyl)thio)-2-methylpropanoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid and characterized by FT-IR and 1HNMR spectroscopy. The effect of synthesized compound was studied on some biochemical parameters in the blood serum of rabbits. Results of this study indicated: significant increase in the level of total fucose, total protein and globulin.   Non- significant increase in the level of albumin, creatinine, glutathione and uric acid, significant decrease in level of Triglycerides and non-significant decrease in the level of Cholesterol, and malondialdehyde.
Data Allocation in Distributed Database based on CSO
Authors: Saadi Hamad Thalij
Published: December 2022

Distributed databases (DDBs) provide smart processing of large databases, the problems of fragmentation and allocation are vital design problems in addition to the centralized design. The majority of performance degradation in DDBs is due to the communication cost by query remote access and retrieval of data. This can be optimized through an efficient data allocation approach that will provide flexible retrieval of a query by low cost accessible sites. In this paper, a novel high performance data allocation approach is designed using Chicken Swarm Optimization (CSO) algorithm. Data allocation problem (DAP) is a NP-Hard problem modelled as optimization problem. The proposed data allocation approach initially characterizes the DAP into optimal problem of choosing the appropriate and minimal communication cost provoking sites for the data fragments. Then the CSO algorithm optimally chooses the sites for each of the data fragments without creating much overhead and data route diversions. This enhances the overall distributed database design and subsequently ensures quality replication. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed CSO based intelligent data fragment allocation approach has better performance than most existing approaches and thus signifies the impact of efficient data allocation in DDBs.
Three Term Conjugate Gradient Technique and its Global Convergence based on the Zhang, Zhou and Li methods
Authors: Marwan S. Jameel
Published: December 2022

The optimal conjugation coefficient distinguishes conjugate gradient methods such as two-term, three-term, and conditional from other descent methods. A novel conjugation parameter formula is constructed from Zhang, Zhou, and Li's well-known formula to formulate a three-term conjugation gradient method in the unconstrained optimization domain. The conjugation parameter  and the third term parameter were constructed by incorporating the Perry conjugation condition into Shanno's memory-free strategy of a conjugate gradient. The approach demonstrated a steeply sloped search direction for each iteration by demonstrating stability, global convergence, and sufficient descent analysis in the presence of a strong Wolf case. The empirical results established that the proposed method is more efficient than Zhang et al.'s techniques. Through the use of a collection of nonlinear mathematical functions.
Grandparenting and Intergenerational Solidarity in Singapore
Authors:   Sociology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Narayanankutty Sreeja , Dommaraju Premchand ,   Sociology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Published: December 2022

Demographic, social, and structural changes are transforming intergenerational relationships and aging experiences in Asia. While multigenerational families have increased and the duration of grandparenting has lengthened, multigenerational households have declined. Grandparents are increasingly embedded in multigenerational support, care, and reciprocal relationships. The paper examines cognitive and affective dimensions of intergenerational solidarity and ambivalence through the lens of grandparenting using qualitative data from the city-state of Singapore. The findings show that grandparents cherish their relationships with their grandchildren. Grandparents phrased their relationships in terms of affection rather than obligation and duties. Also, not co-residing has not weakened the bonds between generations. Another finding is the strong norm among grandparents of not interfering in the lives of their children and grandchildren but being available for them.
Design and Sizing of an Electrified Lift-Plus-Cruise Ducted Fan Aircraft
Authors: Chakraborty Imon , Aman Mishra Aashutosh , van Dommelen Dennis , Anemaat Willem A. J.
Published: December 2022

This paper demonstrates parametric definition and sizing of all-electric and hybrid-electric variants of a dual-purpose ducted fan lift-plus-cruise aircraft configuration. The dual roles include passenger transportation for urban air mobility as well as transportation of supplies and personnel for military applications. The impact of battery technology on the characteristics of the sized all-electric and hybrid-electric variants is analyzed. For the latter, turboshaft engines are incorporated to satisfy cruise power requirements and offset peak power requirements during vertical flight, at the expense of additional propulsion system weight. The net impact of this penalty is investigated as a function of battery technology and range. The aircraft is sized and analyzed using the Parametric Energy-based Aircraft Configuration Evaluator, a sizing framework utilizing a parametric geometry definition and resizing rule set for the aircraft, strip-theory-based aeropropulsive models, energy-based mission performance analysis, and a combination of empirical and physics-based mass properties analyses.
Migrasi Database Mysql Ke Postgresql Pada Aplikasi Sistem Evaluasi Dosen Oleh Mahasiswa (EDOM) Jurusan Ekonomi Dan Bisnis
Authors: Irfan Lutfi Muhammad , Asrowardi Imam , Supriyatna Agiska Ria
Published: December 2022

Pelaksanaan Pengisian Evaluasi Dosen Oleh Mahasiswa (EDOM) yang dilakukan setiap akhir semester ketika kegiatan Ujian Akhir Semester (UAS), telah dikembangkan menjadi sistem informasi terkomputerisasi secara online menggunakan database MySQL. Seiring bertambahnya jumlah data pada Sistem informasi EDOM, dibutuhkan penyimpanan data yang memiliki kompleksitas yang tinggi, sehingga dari sisi database harus memiliki kinerja yang tinggi pula dan bisa menangani jumlah data yang besar. Untuk kebutuhan pada sistem informasi EDOM,  MySQL sudah tidak mampu memberikan performa terbaiknya dalam menangani jumlah data yang besar, sehingga diperlukan database yang memiliki kinerja lebih baik lagi. Tujuan dari tugas akhir ini adalah Memigrasikan Database MySQL ke PostgreSQL pada Sistem Aplikasi (Evaluasi Dosen Oleh Mahasiswa) EDOM Jurusan Ekonomi dan Bisnis, agar mengatasi masalah pada database MySQL yang sudah tidak mampu memberikan performa terbaiknya dalam menangani jumlah data yang besar. Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan adalah metode SDLC. Berdasarkan  hasil pengujian yang dilakukan dengan cara menguji kinerja query pada kedua dbms, PostgreSQL mempunyai performa yang stabil dibandingkan dengan MySQL, pada jumlah data yang sama MySQL unggul pada update dan select biasa tanpa klausa tambahan. Sementara itu PostgreSQL lebih unggul pada create, delete  data dan klausa join yang kompleks. Pengujian selanjutnya dilakukan pada Aplikasi menggukan function php yaitu microtime dengan menulis script pada awal body dan sebelum tutup body halaman html pada aplikasi yang meggunakan dbms MySQL dan PostgreSQL, dilakukan guna menguji kecepatan dalam  memuat data dalam aplikasi sistem EDOM, hasilnya penggunaan dbms PostgreSQL lebih cepat dalam memuat data, karena data disajikan menggunakan klausa join yang kompleks, hal ini dikarenakan PostgreSQL  mendukung locking di level yang lebih rendah, yaitu row sehingga menjadi menjadi salah satu keuntungan dalam dilakukannya migrasi database karena proses bisnis pada Aplikasi Sistem EDOM yang dilakukan menjadi lebih efektif.
The Role of Technological Transformation in Supporting Research in Higher Education at the University of Syekh-Yusuf Tangerang
Authors: Andi Yustira Lestari Wahab  , Andri Kurniawan  , Yeni Daniarti  , Diah Retno Anggraini  , Marrieta Moddies Swara
Published: December 2022

Teaching in higher education is generally carried out by involving a series of methods and technologies for learning and research activities. Many studies have been conducted to examine and evaluate the role of technology and the achievement of learning outcomes in higher education. The article analyzed how the role of technological transformation with all its applications has supported research-based learning activities at Sheikh Yusuf University Tangerang. The method used descriptive qualitative design, and the literature review supports us. Through semi-structured interviews, the researchers obtained many data, then analyzed with a phenomenological approach. The researchers examined the data from interviews. Based on the analysis academic interview data, it can be concluded that the results, including understanding the role of technological transformation with several applications that support research-based learning activities at the higher education level, have been carried out well at Sheikh Yusuf University, Tangerang. Thus, it is hoped that these brief findings can be used as supporting data for similar research in the future.
Keywords: Role Technological Transformation, Supporting Research,   Technological Transformation
Indonesian High School English Teachers’ Attitudes towards the Use of Instructional Technology during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Adaninggar Septi Subekti  , Lemmuela Alvita Kurniawati
Published: December 2022

The present quantitative study was conducted to investigate Indonesian high school English teachers’ attitudes towards the uses of instructional technology (IT) during the Covid-19 pandemic-driven online learning. The study used a survey method of distributing an online questionnaire several months into the Covid-19 pandemic, within July 2020. 114 Indonesian high school English teachers participated in the study. It found that the teacher participants generally had positive attitudes towards the uses of IT in English online classes. They believed that IT improved teacher-student relationships, creativity, and innovation, as well as brought positive changes towards their teaching. However, more than half of them also reported that they had more failures than success stories when using IT during the pandemic. They did not believe that IT made learning more effective either. These seemingly ambivalent attitudes may be attributed to the sudden changes from the face-to-face mode of instruction to the online one during the pandemic leading to the unpreparedness of all parties involved including teachers. Based on the findings, implications and contributions are stated alongside the possible limitations and directions for future studies.
Keywords: Teachers Attitude, Instructional Technology, English Teachers Attitiude
Learning Styles Towards Entrepreneurship Learning Outcomes and Career Development: A Structural Equation Model Analysis
Authors: Muhammad Husin  , Ganefri  , Ambiyar  , Krismadinata
Published: December 2022

Learning styles play an important role in improving entrepreneurial learning outcomes and career development. Information processing and understanding of a theory will be well absorbed with the application of the right learning style. This research was conducted to determine the extent of the influence of the application of learning styles on the learning outcomes of entrepreneurship and career development of electronic engineering students. The number of students selected as many as 212 people with the cluster random sampling method. Data was collected through a questionnaire using a Likert scale. Testing of learning style variables using Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) and seeing the validity of the indicators of each variable using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Testing of latent hypotension between variables was carried out using SEM. The results showed that outer loading, Cronbach alpha, composite reliability, AVE were valid and reliable. This means that the instrument used is valid and reliable. There is a positive relationship between structural predictor models; learning style affects the learning outcomes of entrepreneurship and career development. There is a mediating influence of entrepreneurial learning outcomes on the relationship between learning styles and career development. To achieve optimal entrepreneurship learning outcomes and career development, it is necessary to apply the right learning style.
Keywords: Learning Style, Entrepreneurship Learning Outcomes, Equation Model Analysis
Cytodiagnosis of rhinoscleroma and its morphological clues: Our experience with four cases
Authors: Nayak Supreeta , Walke Vaishali , Kumbhalkar Dinkar T.
Published: December 2022

Rhinoscleroma, a chronic progressive inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory tract, has a prolonged course and passes through three overlapping clinicopathologic stages. The histopathology findings are well illustrated in the literature; however, there is a paucity of reports explaining cytomorphological features of rhinoscleroma. It is the proliferative stage when disease presents as a nodular mass which can be targeted for cytological study. Here, the authors report fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of four cases of rhinoscleroma who presented with intranasal firm, nodular lesions; its cytology revealed numerous, large, singly scattered histiocytes in a dense inflammatory background of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and few eosinophils. The microorganisms were visualized as intracytoplasmic loosely clustered, short rods within the histiocytes (Mikulicz cells) in May-Grunwald-Giemsa (MGG) smears. FNA sampling of rhinoscleroma in its nodular stage can yield classic cytomorphology with demonstration of organisms on air-dried smears which can further substantiate the cytodiagnosis. Thus, high index of suspicion and diligent search can aid in early and accurate diagnosed even on cytology with the help of conventional wet fixed Pap and air-dried MGG stain; both being complementary to each other and further can be supported with special stains such as periodic acid–Schiff stain or Gram whenever required.
Diff-Quik: A reliable stain for rapid onsite evaluation and differentiation of round cells in semen
Authors: Muniraj Femela
Published: December 2022

Objectives:

Identification of immature germ cells and leukocytes and their differentiation pose difficulty in interpretation. In this study, Diff-Quik (DQ) and Papanicolaou (Pap) are used to differentiate between these two, as they are recommended by the WHO, cost-effective and are easy to use.

Materials and Methods:

This study attempts to differentiate between immature germ cells and leukocytes in semen; compare the usefulness of two stains –Pap and DQ; evaluate the possible associations between the total sperm count and the round cell count; the total sperm count and the presence of round cells and inflammatory cells; the occupation and the sperm concentration; and the occupation and the round cell count.

Results:

A total of 60 semen samples were included in the study. Two smears were made for each patient; DQ stain was used to stain the air-dried smears and Pap stain for alcohol-fixed smears. The whole procedure of DQ staining takes only 30 s. The smears were compared. There was good concordance between DQ and Pap stains in the detection of inflammatory cells and immature germ cells (P = 0.000). There was no association between total sperm count and round cell count (r = −0.086 and P = 0.520); and between the occupation and the sperm concentration or the round cell count.

Conclusion:

There was an inverse relationship between total sperm count and presence of immature germ cells (r = −0.291). There was no association between round cell count and presence of immature germ cells (r = 0.148 and P = 0.269), total sperm count and presence of inflammatory cells, round cell count, and presence of inflammatory cells. DQ stain is easy to use, convenient, and rapid. There is good concordance between DQ and Pap stains in the detection of inflammatory cells and immature germ cells. Total sperm count is independent of the round cell count or the presence of inflammatory cells/immature germ cells. In most of the cases, the round cells were the inflammatory cells. Morphological interpretation can be done even in non-liquefied samples.
Current perspectives on microwave ablation of liver lesions in difficult locations
Authors: Ozen Merve , Raissi Driss
Published: December 2022

Microwave ablation (MWA) is becoming the standard of care in treating liver lesions smaller than 3 cm benefiting from a plethora of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) data in the literature. Some of the advantages of MWA compared to RFA are as follows: Faster ablations, more reproducible and predictable heating, better thermal conductivity in different liver tissue environments, and less susceptibility to heat-sink effect. Despite its many advantages, there are still concerns regarding MWA use in high-risk locations such as near portal veins, near the bile ducts, and near the heart. Some centers have historically considered these tumor locations as a contraindication to percutaneous thermal ablation. In this review, we summarize the current data on the safety of MWA of liver tumors in challenging locations. We also discuss several technical tips with examples provided.
Karakteristik Kayu Jelutung (Dyera costulata) dari Hutan Tanaman Rakyat di Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Istikowati Wiwin Tyas , Sutiya Budi , Sunardi Sunardi , Itta Daniel , Pasaribu Dahlia Nuraini , Kristy Lisa Andriana
Published: December 2022

Kayu jelutung (Dyera costulata) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman endemik di Kalimantan yang mulai langka. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis karakteristik pertumbuhan kayu jelutung yang dibudidayakan oleh masyarakat di Kalimantan Tengah di lahan gambut. Pengolahan lahan dengan tanpa bakar menjadikan hutan tanaman rakyat (HTR) ini ramah lingkungan. Sebanyak 38 pohon jelutung dari 1 blok HTR diukur diameter dan tinggi pohonnya, selanjutnya dikelompokkan dalam kategori pertumbuhan cepat, sedang, dan lambat. Dari masing-masing kelompok diambil 1 pohon yang memenuhi persyaratan. Sampel setebal 2 cm diambil dari ketinggian 1,3 m dari permukaan tanah dan setiap 2 meter ke arah ujung pohon untuk pengukuran kadar air (KA), berat jenis (BJ), anatomi kayu, nilai turunan serat, dan kandungan kimia kayu. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kayu jelutung memiliki BJ rendah dan serat pendek sehingga termasuk kelas 2 untuk pembuatan pulp dan kertas. Kandungan kimia kayu jelutung menunjukkan kandungan ektraktif larut alkohol benzena yang cukup rendah dan bisa digunakan sebagai bahan baku pulp dan kertas. Selain itu, kayu jelutung juga sesuai untuk digunakan sebagai bahan kayu lapis. Characteristics of Jelutong Wood ((Dyera costulata) from Community Forest in Central KalimantanAbstractJelutong wood (Dyera costulata) is one of the endemic tree species in Kalimantan which is starting to become scarce. This research aims to analyze the growth characteristics of jelutong wood planted by the community in peatland in Central Kalimantan. Land processing without burning makes this community plantation forest environmentally friendly. Thirty-eight trees of jelutong from one block were measured diameter and three height, end then categorized to fast, medium, and slow-growing. One tree from each category was harvested. Two centimeters of the disk were collected from each harvested trees from a 1.3 meter height and continued every 2 meters to the peak of trees to measure water content, specific gravity, anatomical properties, derived wood, and chemical content of jelutong wood. From the analyses, jelutong has low specific gravity and short fibers, categorized into class two for pulp and paper raw materials. Extractive content in alcohol benzene from jelutong wood was low that preferable for pulp and paper. On the other hand, jelutong wood is suitable for plywood raw materials.
Origins of Offset-Stacking in Porous Frameworks
Authors: Gray Montgomery , Herbert John
Published: December 2022

Parallel-displaced pi-stacking in the benzene dimer and larger polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is driven by competition between dispersion and exchange-repulsion interactions. The present work examines whether the same is true in porous frameworks that exhibit stacking interactions, including the [18]annulene dimer, porphyrin dimer, and several models of the covalent organic framework known as COF-1. Interaction energies and their components are computed using extended symmetry-adapted perturbation theory along two-dimensional scans representing slip-stacking. As in the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons studied previously, we find that the van der Waals interaction potential (defined as the sum of dispersion and Pauli repulsion) drives the system into a slip-stacked geometry. Electrostatics is a relatively small component of the total interaction energy. In the case of COF-1, the van der Waals potential drives the conformational preference whether or not a solvent molecule intercalates into the framework, although the presence of the guest (mesitylene) molecule substantially limits the low-energy slip-stacking configurations that are available. Even when the COF-1 pore is empty, a modest lateral offset of < 1.5 A is preferred, which is small compared to the pore size.
HUB: A method to model and extract the distribution of ice nucleation temperatures from drop-freezing experiments
Authors: de Almeida Ribeiro Ingrid , Meister Konrad , Molinero Valeria
Published: December 2022

The heterogeneous nucleation of ice is an important atmospheric process facilitated by a wide range of aerosols. Drop-freezing experiments are key for the determination of the ice nucleation activity of biotic and abiotic ice nucleators (INs). The results of these experiments are reported as the fraction of frozen droplets f_ice (T) as a function of decreasing temperature, and the corresponding cumulative freezing spectra N_m (T) computed using Vali’s methodology. The differential freezing spectrum n_m (T) is in principle a direct measure of the underlying distribution of heterogeneous ice nucleation temperatures P_u (T) in the sample. However, N_m (T) can be noisy, resulting in a differential form n_m (T) that is challenging to interpret. Furthermore, there is no rigorous statistical analysis of how many droplets and dilutions are needed to obtain a well-converged n_m (T) that represents the underlying distribution P_u (T). Here, we present the “Heterogeneous Underlying-based” (HUB) method and associated Python codes that model (HUB-forward code) and interpret (HUB-backward code) the results of drop-freezing experiments. HUB-forward is the first available code that predicts f_ice (T) and N_m (T) from a proposed distribution P_u (T) of IN temperatures, allowing its users to test hypotheses regarding the role of subpopulations of nuclei in freezing spectra, and providing a guide for a more efficient collection of freezing data. HUB-backward uses a stochastic optimization method to compute n_m (T) from either N_m (T) or f_ice (T). The differential spectrum computed with HUB-backward is an analytical function that can be used to reveal and characterize the underlying number of IN subpopulations of complex biological samples (ice nucleating bacteria, fungi and pollen), and quantify the dependence of their subpopulations on environmental variables. By delivering a way to compute the differential spectrum from drop freezing data, and vice-versa, the HUB-forward and HUB-backward codes provide a hub between experiments and interpretative physical quantities that can be analysed with kinetic models and nucleation theory.
Why the Reaction Order of a Bimolecular Reaction Should be 2.33 Instead of 2?
Authors: Chen Jixin
Published: December 2022

Predicting the reaction kinetics, that is, how fast a reaction can happen in a solution, is essential information for many processes, such as industrial chemical manufacturing, refining, synthesis and separation of petroleum products, environmental processes in air and water, biological reactions in cells, biosensing, and drug delivery. Collision theory was originally developed to explain the reaction kinetics of gas reactions with no dilution. For a reaction in a diluted inert gas solution or a diluted liquid solution, diffusion often dominates the collision process. Thus, it is necessary to include diffusion in such a calculation. Traditionally the classical Smoluchowski rate is used as a starting point to predict the collision frequency of two molecules in a diluted solution. In this report, a different collision model is derived from the adsorption of molecules on a flat surface. A surprising result is obtained showing that the reaction order for biomolecular reaction should be 2 and 1/3 instead of 2, following a fractal reaction kinetics.
Do machines dream of atoms? Crippen's logP as a quantitative molecular benchmark for explainable AI heatmaps
Authors: Rasmussen Maria H. , Christensen Diana S. , Jensen Jan H.
Published: December 2022

While there is a great deal of interest in methods aimed at explaining machine learning predictions of chemical properties, it is difficult to quantitatively benchmark such methods, especially for regression tasks. We show that the Crippen logP model (J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1999, 39, 868) provides an excellent benchmark for atomic attribution/heatmap approaches, especially if the ground truth heatmaps can be adjusted to reflect the molecular representation. The “atom attribution from finger prints”-method developed by Riniker and Landrum (J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 2013, 5, 43) gives atomic attribution heatmaps that are in reasonable agreement with the atomic contribution heatmaps of the Crippen logP model for most molecules, with average heatmap overlaps of up to 0.54. The agreement is increased significantly (to 0.75) when the atomic contributions are adjusted to match the fact that the molecular representation is fragment-based rather than atom-based (the finger print-adapted (FPA) ground truth vector). Most heatmaps and the corresponding FPA overlaps are relatively insensitive to the training set size and the results are close to converged for a training set size of 1000 molecules, although for molecules with low overlap some heatmaps change significantly. Using the “remove an atom” approach for graph convolutional neural networks (GCNNs) suggested by Matveieva and Polishchuk (J. Cheminform. 2021, 13, 41) we find an average heatmap overlap of 0.47 for the atomic contribution heatmaps of the Crippen logP model. Like the simpler attribution benchmarks for classification tasks that have come before it, this work sets the bar for regression tasks.
Visible Light Photoredox-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Alkylation of 3-Aryl-Oxetanes and Azetidines via Benzylic Tertiary Radicals and Implications of Benzylic Radical Stability
Authors: Dubois Maryne A. J. , Rojas Juan J. , Sterling Alistair J. , Broderick Hannah C. , Smith Milo A. , White Andrew J. P. , Miller Philip W. , Choi Chulho , Mousseau James J. , Duarte Fernanda , Bull James A.
Published: December 2022

4-Membered ring heterocycles oxetanes and azetidines offer exciting potential as small polar molecular motifs in medicinal chemistry but require further methods for their incorporation. Photoredox catalysis is a powerful method for the mild genera-tion of alkyl radicals for C–C bond formation. However, the effect of ring strain on radical reactivity is not well understood and there are no studies that address this question systematically. Furthermore, examples of such reactions that use tertiary and benzylic radicals are rare, and their reactivity is challenging to direct towards productive reaction pathways. This work develops a radical functionalization of benzylic oxetanes and azetidines using visible light photoredox catalysis to prepare 3-aryl-3-alkyl substituted derivatives and assesses the influence of ring strain and heterosubstitution on the reactivity of small-ring radicals. 3-Aryl-3-carboxylic acid oxetanes and azetidines are suitable precursors to tertiary benzylic oxetane/azetidine radicals which undergo conjugate addition into activated alkenes. We compare the reactivity of oxetane radicals to that of other common benzylic systems. Computational studies indicate that reversible Giese additions of non-strained benzylic radicals into acrylates result in low yields and radical dimerization. Benzylic radicals that are part of a strained ring, however, are both less stable and more 𝜋-delocalized, decreasing dimer formation and increasing Giese product formation. Oxetane substitution, in particular, results in high product yields due to ring strain and Bent’s rule rendering the Giese addition irre-versible. Mechanisms for the formation of side products observed with different substrates are proposed based on experi-mental and computational evidence.
Towards Pareto optimal high entropy hydrides via data-driven materials discovery
Authors: Witman Matthew , Ling Sanliang , Wadge Matthew , Bouzidi Anis , Pineda-Romero Nayely , Clulow Rebecca , Ek Gustav , Chames Jeffery , Allendorf Emily , Agarwal Sapan , Allendorf Mark , Walker Gavin , Grant David , Sahlberg Martin , Zlotea Claudia , Stavila Vitalie
Published: December 2022

The ability to rapidly screen material performance in the vast space of compositionally complex (high entropy) alloys is of critical importance to efficiently identify optimal hydride candidates for various use cases. Given the prohibitive complexity of first principles simulations and large-scale sampling required to rigorously predict hydrogen equilibrium in these systems, we turn to compositional machine learning models as the most feasible approach to screen on the order of 10,000s of candidate equimolar alloys. We critically show that machine learning models can predict hydride thermodynamics and capacities with reasonable accuracy and that explainability analyses capture the competing trade-offs that arise from feature interdependence. We can therefore elucidate the multi-dimensional Pareto optimal set of materials (i.e., where two or more competing objective properties can't be simultaneously improved) and provide rapid and efficient down-selection of the highest priority candidates for more time-consuming density functional theory investigations and experimental validation. Selected target materials were experimentally synthesized, characterized, and tested amongst an international collaboration group to validate the proposed novel hydrides. Additional top-predicted candidates are suggested to the community for future synthesis efforts, and we conclude with an outlook on improving the current approach for the next generation of computational HEA hydride discovery efforts.
Seismic interferometry in the presence of an isolated noise source
Authors: Schippkus Sven , Snieder Roel , Hadziioannou Céline
Published: December 2022

Seismic interferometry gives rise to a correlation wavefield that is closely related to the Green’s function under the condition of uniformly distributed noise sources. In the presence of an additional isolated noise source, a second contribution to this wavefield is introduced that emerges from the isolated source location at negative lapse time. These two contributions interfere, which may bias surface wave dispersion measurements significantly. To avoid bias, the causal and acausal parts of correlation functions need to be treated separately. We illustrate this by applying seismic interferometry to field data from a large-N array where a wind farm is present within the array
Agreement Between Isokinetic Dynamometer and Hand-held Isometric Dynamometer as Measures to Detect Lower Limb Asymmetry in Muscle Torque After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Ivarsson Angelica , Cronström Anna
Published: December 2022

Background

Two commonly used instruments to assess muscle strength after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction are the isokinetic dynamometer, which measures isokinetic torque and the hand-held dynamometer, which measures isometric torque. Isokinetic dynamometers are considered superior to other instruments but may not be commonly used in clinical settings. Hand-held dynamometers are small, portable, and more clinically applicable devices.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to assess agreement between a hand-held dynamometer and an isokinetic dynamometer, used to assess lower limb symmetry in knee muscle torque one year after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Study design

Cross-sectional measurement study

Methods

Seventy-two participants who had undergone ACL reconstruction (35 men, 37 women; age= 25.8 ± 5.4 years) were included. Isokinetic muscle torque in knee flexion and extension was measured with an isokinetic dynamometer. Isometric flexion and extension knee muscle torque was measured with a hand-held dynamometer. Bland & Altman plots and Cohen’s Kappa coefficient were used to assess agreement between measurements obtained from the instruments.

Result

Bland & Altman plots showed wide limits of agreement between the instruments for both flexion and extension limb symmetry index. Cohen´s Kappa coefficient revealed a poor to slight agreement between the extension limb symmetry index values (0.136) and a fair agreement for flexion limb symmetry index values (0.236). Cross-tabulations showed that the hand-held dynamometer detected a significantly larger number of participants with abnormal flexion torque limb symmetry index compared to the isokinetic dynamometer.

Conclusion

The wide limits of agreements and Cohen’s Kappa coefficients values revealed insufficient agreement between the measurements taken with the two instruments, indicating that the instruments should not be used interchangeably. The hand-held dynamometer was more sensitive in detecting abnormal limb symmetry index in flexion torque, which promotes the option of use of hand-held dynamometers to detect differences between the injured and uninjured leg after ACL reconstruction.

Level of evidence

3b
Glenohumeral Instability and Arm Pain in Overhead Throwing Athletes: A Correlational Study
Authors: Wardell Max , Creighton Doug , Kovalcik Carter
Published: December 2022

Background

The overhead activity of throwing a baseball is arguably the most demanding athletic endeavor placed on the glenohumeral (GH) joint. Previous studies illustrate that 75-80% of baseball players will experience some degree of upper extremity (UE) pain. GH instability is thought to play a role.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between GH joint hypermobility and instability with measures of arm pain and performance in overhead throwing athletes.

Methods

Actively competing baseball pitchers were recruited and evaluated once with the anterior-posterior Load and Shift examination procedure, the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow Questionnaire (KJOC), and the Functional Arm Scale for Throwers (FAST). Multivariate analysis was performed to identify correlation between severe GH capsular laxity (GH instability), mild capsular laxity (GH hypermobility), no capsular laxity (GH normal), and presence of shoulder pain when pitching.

Study Design

Cross-sectional Study.

Results

Forty-five pitchers were evaluated, 62.2% of throwing shoulders were classified normal stability, 26.7% were classified hypermobile, and 11.1% were classified unstable. Average KJOC scores for pitchers with the three mobility categories were 66.1 (normal), 59.7 (hypermobile), and 45.0 (unstable). Average FAST scores among the pitchers were 19.9 (normal), 34.2 (hypermobile), and 32.2 (unstable). Pitchers with GH instability and GH hypermobility demonstrated increased arm pain compared to athletes with normal GH joints; KJOC scores of 3.2, 5.5, and 7.4 (p = 0.0007), respectively.

Conclusion

Pitchers with GH instability and hypermobility demonstrated significantly increased ratings of arm pain compared to pitchers with no capsular laxity.

Level of Evidence

3b
Application of Shear-Wave Elastography in the Evaluation of Hamstring Stiffness in Young Basketball Athletes
Authors: Cummings Paige , Schilaty Nathan D. , Nagai Takashi , Rigamonti Luca , Ueno Ryo , Bates Nathaniel A.
Published: December 2022

Background

Previous literature has postulated a relationship between greater hamstring stiffness and a higher risk of sustaining injury. Shear wave elastography (SWE) presents a relatively new means for non-invasive evaluation of soft tissue elasticity pre- and post- injury or intervention.

Purpose

1. (1) To establish baseline hamstring stiffness measures for young competitive athletes and (2) determine effect of targeted neuromuscular training (TNMT) on shear wave stiffness of the hamstring.

Study Design

Un-blinded, prospective, non-randomized, cohort study.

Methods

Six-hundred forty-two lower extremities from 321 high school and collegiate basketball athletes (177 F: 139 M) were examined for hamstring stiffness prior to the start of their competitive basketball season. Teams were cluster assigned to either the control or intervention (TNMT) group. Subjects in the control group underwent regular season activities as directed, with no influence from the research team. For the TNMT group, the research team introduced a hamstring targeted dynamic warm-up program as an intervention focused on activating the hamstring musculature.

Results

Collegiate status was significant to hamstring stiffness for both sexes (p ≤ 0.02), but hamstring stiffness did not correlate to age or sex (r2 ≤ 0.08). Intervention was a significant factor to hamstring stiffness when the hip was positioned in extension (p ≤ 0.01), but not in deeper flexion (p = 0.12). This effect was sex-specific as TNMT influenced hamstring stiffness in females (p = 0.03), but not in males (p ≥ 0.13). Control athletes suffered three HAM injuries; TNMT athletes suffered 0 hamstring injuries.

Conclusion

Higher SWE measurements correlated with increased risk of injury, male sex, and collegiate athletics. TNMT intervention can lessen muscle stiffness which may reduce relate to injury incidence. Intervention effectiveness may be sex specific.

Level of Evidence

II