bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating and Zoning Flood Susceptibility Using Curve Number (CN) Logistic and Hydrological Regression Model (Case Study of Kalateh Qanbar Drainage Basin, Nishabur)
Authors: Naemitabar Mahnaz , Zangeneh Asadi Mohammad Ali , Amirahmadi Abolghasem , Goli Mokhtari Leila
Published: December 2020

Spatial evaluation of flood-prone areas at the drainage basins is one of the basic strategies in the field of flood risk management. The present study aims to investigate the efficiency of the CN logistic and hydrological regression model for predicting and zoning floods. In the first stage, 13 runoff parameters, hydrologic soil groups (HSGs), slope, lithology, drainage density (DD), land curvature, elevation, distance to waterways/rivers, topographic wetness index (TWI), stream power index (SPI), rainfall, land use, and NDVI were employed. In the SCS-CN model of the drainage basin, the infiltration rate (S) and runoff amount (Q) were determined. The weights of the used layers were weighted by the AHP. Also, a flood zoning map of the drainage basin with different 5, 15, 25, and 50 year return periods was drawn by applying the weights of the layers. To ensure the accuracy of the zoning map with the logistic regression model, the ROC curve, and the area below the curve were used. The results showed that for the prediction rate, the AUC is 0.81%, indicating that the model has acceptable accuracy. The most important factors affecting flood are geological index; distance to waterways/rivers; and NDVI in the logistic regression model, and slope, DD, rainfall, and land use in the SCS-CN model respectively. 30 to 46% of the drainage basin area during 5 to 50 year periods has moderate flood potential, and 28 to 34% has high potential.
An Alternative Enzymatic Route to the Ergogenic Ketone Body Ester (R)-3-Hydroxybutyl (R)-3-Hydroxybutyrate
Authors: Zaccone Ferdinando , Venturi Valentina , Giovannini Pier Paolo , Trapella Claudio , Narducci Marco , Fournier Hugues , Fantinati Anna
Published: December 2020

The oral administration of (R)-3-hydroxybutyl-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate, allows inducing a beneficial level of blood ketone bodies without the adverse effects due to the adhesion to a ketogenic diet. Several studies documented the therapeutic effectiveness of the (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate in treating neurodegenerative diseases as well as its boosting activity of athletic and cognitive performances during prolonged physical exercises. Further studies considering this ketone body ester for therapy of other pathologies are also underway. In the present work, we describe the synthesis of (R)-3-hydroxybutyl-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate through the enantioselective transesterification of racemic ethyl 3-hydroxybutyrate with (R)-1,3-butanediol catalyzed by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL-B). The enantiopure (R)-1,3-butanediol was in turn obtained from the kinetic resolution of the racemate by CAL-B catalyzed acetylation with vinyl acetate. The economy of the synthetic procedure has been improved by recycling the unreacted (S) enantiomers of the ethyl 3-hydroxybutyrate and 1,3-buatnediol after stereochemical inversion achieved by tosylation and SN2 with ammonium acetate. The overall procedure allows to incorporate up to 70% of the starting racemic reagents into the final product.
SARS-CoV-2 and Rohingya Refugee Camp, Bangladesh: Uncertainty and How the Government Took Over the Situation
Authors: Kamrujjaman Md. , Mahmud MD. Shahriar , Ahmed Shakil , Qayum Md. Omar , Alam Mohammad Morshad , Hassan Md Nazmul , Islam Md Rafiul , Nipa Kaniz Fatema , Bulut Ummugul
Published: December 2020

{\bf Abstract.} \\ {\bf Background:} Bangladesh hosts more than 800,000 Rohingya refugees from Myanmar. The low health immunity, lifestyle, access to good healthcare services, social-security cause this population to be at risk of far more direct effects of COVID-19 than the host population. Therefore, evidence-based forecasting of the COVID-19 burden is vital in this regard. In this study, we aimed to forecast the COVID-19 burden among the Rohingya refugees of Bangladesh to keep up with the disease outbreak's pace, health needs, and disaster preparedness. \noindent{\bf Methodology and Findings:} To estimate the possible consequences of COVID-19 in the Rohingya camps of Bangladesh, we used a modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious Recovered (SEIR) transmission model. All the values of different parameters used in this model were from the Bangladesh Government’s database and the relevant emerging literature. We addressed two different scenarios, i.e., the best-fitting model and good fitting model with unique consequences of COVID-19. Our best fitting model suggests that there will be good control over the transmission of the COVID-19 disease. At the end of December 2020, there will be only 169 confirmed COVID-19 cases in the Rohingya refugee camps. The average basic reproduction number ($ \mathcal{R}_{0} $) has been estimated to be 0.7563. \noindent{\bf Conclusion:} Our analysis suggests that, due to the extensive precautions from the Bangladesh government as well as other humanitarian organizations, the coronavirus disease will be under control if the maintenance continues like this. Although detailed and pragmatic preparedness should be adopted for the worst scenario.
How to Become a Crab: Phenotypic Constraints on a Recurring Body Plan
Authors: Wolfe Joanna M. , Luque Javier , Bracken-Grissom Heather D.
Published: December 2020

A fundamental question in biology is whether phenotypes can be predicted by ecological or genomic rules. For over 140 years, convergent evolution of the crab-like body plan (with a wide and flattened shape, and a bent abdomen) at least five times in decapod crustaceans has been known as ‘carcinization’. The repeated loss of this body plan has been identified as ‘decarcinization’. We offer phylogenetic strategies to include poorly known groups, and direct evidence from fossils, that will resolve the pattern of crab evolution and the degree of phenotypic variation within crabs. Proposed ecological advantages of the crab body are summarized into a hypothesis of phenotypic integration suggesting correlated evolution of the carapace shape and abdomen. Our premise provides fertile ground for future studies of the genomic and developmental basis, and the predictability, of the crab-like body form.
Effects of MOVPE Growth Conditions on GaN Layers Doped with Germanium
Authors: Schiavon Dario , Litwin-Staszewska Elżbieta , Jakieła Rafał , Grzanka Szymon , Perlin Piotr
Published: December 2020

The effect of growth temperature and precursor flows on the doping level and surface morphology of Ge-doped GaN layers was researched. The results show that germanium is more readily incorporated at low temperature, high growth rate and high V/III ratio, thus revealing a similar behavior to what was previously observed for indium. V-pit formation can be blocked at high temperature but also at low V/III ratio, the latter of which however causing step bunching.
PALLIATIVE CARE FOR CHILDREN WITH SEVERE, REFRACTORY DISEASES. ANALYTICAL REVIEW
Authors:   Moscow Regional Hospice for Children of the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, Domodedovo, Ishutin A.A. , Stupak V.S. ,   Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Sokolovskaya T.A. ,   Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2020

Significance. Improving quality and availability of palliative care for children with severe refractory diseases is one of the main objectives of the federal and reginal authorities. The efforts are focused on improving quality of patients’ life, increasing satisfaction of patients (their legal representatives) and families with availability of palliative care, that relieves suffering of patients and reduces symptoms of depression. Purpose of the study. To analyze modern forms and methods of palliative care delivery to children with severe refractory diseases. Material and methods. The authors have conducted a content analysis of scientific publications on organization of palliative care delivery to children with severe refractory diseases. A total of 153 publications were analyzed, including 141 foreign publications for the period from 1998 to the second quarter of 2020. A total of 44 publications have been selected for the analytical review including 28 publications from the international Scopus database, 12 – from the Russian scientific citation index database, including 7 publications from the list of VAK journals (Higher Attestation Commission Journals), and 4 - materials of international medical organizations (WHO, WHA, AHA, European Council). Results. Children with severe refractory diseases need specialized medical, psychological and social assistance. Palliative care includes active and comprehensive support for physical, psychological, social and spiritual well-being of these children, relieving their suffering, from diagnosis to outcome, reducing symptoms of depression in their families, ensuring the best quality of life. More than 21 million children worldwide require palliative care every year, ranging from 20 to 120 per 10,000 children around the world. However, palliative care is often discussed in the late stages of the disease, not always resulting in its early initiation, only little more than half the patients in need receive palliative care, there are differences in tools for assessing care results. It is necessary to early initiate palliative care, increase volumes of its provision, increase the number of specialists and institutions involved in palliative care delivery, as well as implement a comprehensive balanced assessment of care results.
HEALTH IN THE SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENTS OF MARRIED URBAN RESIDENTS
Authors:   Moscow State Lomonosov University, Moscow, Russia, Antonov A.I. , Karpova V.M. ,   Moscow State Lomonosov University, Moscow, Russia, Novoselova E.N. ,   Moscow State Lomonosov University, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2020

Significance. The self-assessment of the health of Russians, as well as the real indicators of health, is lower than in the developed countries of the world. Studies of this indicator can serve as a scientific basis for the development and implementation of preventive programs in the field of health and a healthy lifestyle. Purpose: determining the place of health in the hierarchy of values, establishing the level of satisfaction with health, and the characteristics of health self-assessments among married urban residents. Material and Methods. Research of the Family Sociology and Demography Department of the Sociological Faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University (2018-2019) “Interregional sociological and demographic study of the family-child lifestyle values” (SeDOJ-2019), supplemented by data from the European Social Survey (8th and 9th waves, 2016, 2018-2019) and Rosstat data. Results. The analysis shows that health occupies a leading position among life values. The value of health is higher for the elderly, as well as for those who are in a registered marriage and have children. Self-assessments of health and marital status are not unambiguously related, at younger ages there is practically no dependence on status, with increasing age it becomes positive, especially for men. An increase in the number of children in a family has practically no effect on the subjective assessments of women's health and has a positive effect on men's self-assessments. Satisfaction with the children's health grows with the growth of the number of children among respondents of both sexes. Higher levels of education and income have a positive effect on self-reported health and satisfaction. There is an inverse relationship between age and self-assessments of health, as in the whole world, but in Russia, the fall in self-assessments with age is deeper and occurs at younger ages than in Western Europe. Scope of application. The data presented in the article can serve as the basis for a differentiated policy aimed at increasing the value of health, improving the degree of its implementation in the practices of self-preserving behavior, as well as strengthening the intrafamily transmission of healthy lifestyle values in Russian society.
TRENDS IN LIFE EXPECTANCY DYNAMICS IN THE FEDERAL DISTRICTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   East Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Angarsk, Russia, Leshchenko Ya.A. , Lisovtsov A.A. ,   East Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Angarsk, Russia
Published: December 2020

Life expectancy is the most important integral indicator of the level of socio-economic development of the country, region, as well as quality of life of the population. The purpose of the study is to establish characteristics and trends in changes in the indicator of life expectancy in the federal districts of the Russian Federation during the period from 1990 to 2018. Data on life expectancy in the federal districts and the Russian Federation were obtained from the Federal State Statistic Service, Center for Demographic Research of the Russian Economic School. To assess trends in the dynamics in indicators, the authors used one-way linear regression analysis for a time series using standard Excel tools (Microsoft office 2007) and IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Results. There was a gradual increase in the average life expectancy in all federal districts in the period from 2006 to 2018. But the dynamics were less favorable in the eastern macro-regions - Siberia and the Far East. Such differences indicate that the social policy pursued by the Federal government does not sufficiently take into account the regional natural-geographic, socio-economic and other specifics of the Russian regions of Russia (especially the Asian territories of the country). This does not allow to ensure a balanced development of the society in a rational way. The growth rate of life expectancy had slowed down by 2018 and was possibly due to the "accumulation" of negative consequences of the economic crisis in the economy since 2014. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the global financial and economic crisis caused by it, it becomes unlikely that the linear growth of life expectancy in Russia will continue. In this situation, there is a certain systemic uncertainty regarding further course of the socio-demographic processes.
Musivaria HD museo virtual de mosaicos de la Hispania romana, gráficos y herramientas para la visualización de datos sobre mosaicos romanos tardoantiguos
Authors: Garrido Ramos Beatriz
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo hace referencia a una serie de herramientas utilizadas para la visualización de datos de iconografía musivaria tardoantigua en la Península Ibérica. Nos centraremos en el Proyecto Musivaria HD, como resultado de la tesis doctoral. Posteriormente, en los gráficos, como principal forma de presentación de la información, y como ejemplo de visualización de datos, de manera que permite su análisis desde un punto de vista que difiere del habitual en las investigaciones sobre Historia del Arte en general, y mosaicos romanos tardoantiguos en particular. Dichas herramientas han permitido, en consecuencia, aproximarse a los datos desde la perspectiva de las Humanidades Digitales, lo que ha facilitado la extracción de conclusiones más enriquecedoras y a distintos niveles.
Keragaan Hasil dan Karakter Umbi Ubi Jalar Lokal Asal Dataran Rendah Provinsi Papua
Authors: Restuono Joko , Indriani Febria C. , Rahajeng Wiwit
Published: December 2020

Papua merupakan salah satu daerah pusat keragaman ubi jalar di dunia. Budi daya ubi jalar di Papua tidak hanya di dataran tinggi tetapi juga di dataran rendah. Pada umumnya masyarakat Papua menanam ubi jalar dan dipanen bertahap sepanjang tahun untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi keragaman hasil umbi dan mengarakterisasi
karakter morfologi 39 aksesi lokal ubi jalar asal dataran rendah Papua di tiga lokasi berbeda. Penelitian dilaksanakan di tiga lokasi secara bertahap dari tahun 2009 sampai 2011, yakni di Kecamatan Tumpang, Wajak, dan Sentani. Kecamatan Tumpang dan Wajak terletak di Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur, sedangkan Kecamatan Sentani terletak di Kabupaten Jayapura, Papua.
Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan, dan sebagai perlakuan digunakan 39 aksesi ubi jalar dan 1 varietas Papua Solossa sebagai pembanding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aksesi-aksesi hasil eksplorasi mempunyai perbedaan hasil di tiga lokasi. Hasil umbi dan produksi bahan kering dari daerah Sentani lebih tinggi dibanding dengan lokasi
lainnya. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa aksesi-aksesi tersebut bersifat lebih adaptif di lokasi Sentani. Sebelas aksesi berpotensi untuk dikembangkan di dataran rendah Papua dan potensial digunakan sebagai tetua persilangan dalam program pemuliaan ubi jalar unggul adaptif dataran rendah.
Selection of Rhizosphere Bacterial Isolates and Development of Antagonistic Bacterial-Based Formulation to Control Fusarium Wilt on Shallot
Authors: Suryadi Yadi , Susilowati Dwiningsih , Samudra I Made
Published: December 2020

Wilt disease caused by Fusarium spp. is a major disease in shallot-producing areas particularly in the North Coast of West Java. The research was aimed to select rhizosphere bacteria and develop an antagonistic bacterial-based formulation for its effectiveness to suppress wilt disease caused by Fusarium spp. on shallot plant under greenhouse and field trials. The field trials were carried out using randomized complete block design with four replications at the shallot farmer condition in Subang and Indramayu during the 2019 planting season. Antagonistic test of bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere showed that most of the bacterial isolates can be used as a biocontrol to Fusarium spp. pathogen. The result revealed that bacterial suspension formulation (E-76 + DBS-2 isolates) in combination with phytohormone (1:1 [v/v]) at Subang and Indramayu tended to suppress Fusarium wilt disease intensity with the disease inhibition ranging from 73.54–93.39% and 66.3–95.65%, respectively. The spraying application of formulation 2.5 ml/l was obtained as the best formula to suppress the disease. The growth and production of shallot were also affected by the application of antagonistic-bacterial formula.
The Application of Good Agricultural Practices of White Pepper and Factors Affecting Farmer Participation
Authors: Sitorus Rostiar , Harianto Harianto , Suharno Suharno , Syaukat Yusman
Published: December 2020

The productivity of white pepper plants and the low quality of yields are the main problems that should be corrected in the management of smallholder plantations in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. This study aims to determine the factors affecting farmer participation in implementing GAP, as well as how the GAP was implemented.  The study was conducted in 3 districts namely West Bangka, Central Bangka, and South Bangka as a center of white pepper production. The respondents consisting of 142 farmers who applied GAP and 82 non-GAP farmers. By using the logit model, it is found that older farmers, more educated, have more family members, have larger planting areas and farmers who are more active in participating in GAP socialization will have more chances of deciding to implement GAP. The implementation of white pepper GAP for each component, on average ranged from 67 to 95 percent.
Factors Influencing Indonesia’s Cashew Export Volume
Authors: Lero Oni Ringgu , Pudjiastuti Agnes Quartina , Sumarno Sumarno
Published: December 2020

Cashews contribute significantly to the Indonesian economy because it is one of the exporting countries. However, volume of exports tends to fluctuate, so it is necessary to identify the influencing factors. This study aims to analyze volume of Indonesian cashew exports and its determinants. Time series data for 8 variables during 1985–2016 were analyzed descriptively by multiple regression models. The results again show fluctuations in export volume and value over 1985–2016 period. Lowest export volume occurred in 1989, but its value was in 1985. Highest export volume and value occurred in 2015. National cashew export volume depends on the domestic cashew price, exchange rate and income per capita. Peanuts and coffee have a complementary relationship with cashews, while sugar has a substitution relationship with this commodity. Cashews are an inferior goods.
Social Economy and Digital Mapping of Subak Sembung Ecotourism
Authors: Arisena Gede Mekse Korri , Krisnandika Anak Agung Keswari , Darmawan Dwi Putra
Published: December 2020

The social, cultural, economic, and environmental potentials in Subak Sembung are not well-developed, such that these potentials have not been adequately explored by the local community. This study aimed to describe the synergy between subak and the ecotourism in supporting the sustainable national food stability program. Subak Sembung selected as the study location because its location in the middle of Denpasar City and already developed as ecotourism sites. There were 66 participants involved in this study. Formal surveys, rapid appraisal, and map-making through satellite imaging from the Google Earth Pro (GE) application were used to collect the data. Result revealed that the social economy social activities conducted by the farmer were: (1) seed-producing tools, fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural tools, (2) land-tillage, nurseries, cultivating, preserving the plant, harvesting, (3) marketing, and (4) the correlation between farmers, subak and ecotourism; worth to be developed as a tourist attraction site.
Kajian Food Waste untuk Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan
Authors: Hidayat Syarif Imam , Ardhany Yonik Hestie , Nurhadi Eko
Published: December 2020

Ketahanan pangan dalam penelitian ini fokus pada aspek pemanfaatan pangan khususnya konsumsi pangan yang menyebabkan food waste, yaitu seluruh makanan yang layak dikonsumsi tetapi terbuang sia-sia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis fenomena food waste di Surabaya, perilaku makan konsumen di restoran mitra, upaya pemilik restoran dan rekomendasi bagi pemerintah dalam food waste. Penelitian dilakukan di Garda Pangan dan restoran mitra Garda Pangan Surabaya. Penentuan responden menggunakan accidental sampling dengan responden sebanyak 100 orang. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, penghitungan food waste, danregresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku makan konsumen mengakibatkan food waste, secara simultan seluruh variabel independen (pemahaman agama, kebiasaan makan, etika makan, pengetahuan, jenis kelamin, jumlah porsi, penampilan makanan, pemilihan menu, dan pengaruh makan bersama)berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen (food waste konsumen). Secara parsial, terdapatgaya hidup, motif pemilihan menu, dan pengaruh makan bersama tidak berpengaruh terhadap food waste konsumen.
Colonisation by native species enhances the carbon storage capacity of exotic mangrove monocultures
Authors: He Ziying , Sun Huaye , Peng Yisheng , Hu Zhan , Cao Yingjie , Lee Shing Yip
Published: December 2020

Background：The fast-growing introduced mangrove Sonneratia apetala is widely used for mangrove afforestation and reforestation in China. Some studies suggested that this exotic species outperforms native species in terms of carbon sequestration potential. This study tested the hypothesis that multi-species mangrove plantations might have higher carbon sequestration potential than S. apetala monocultures.Results: Our field measurements at Hanjiang River Estuary (Guangdong province, China) showed that the carbon stock (46.0±3.0 Mg/ha) in S. apetala plantations where the native Kandelia obovata formed an understory shrub layer was slightly higher than that in S. apetala monocultures (36.6±1.3 Mg/ha). Moreover, the carbon stock in monospecific K. obovata stands (106.6±1.4 Mg/ha ) was much larger than that of S. apetala monocultures.Conclusions: Our results show that K. obovata monocultures may have a higher carbon accumulation rate than S. apetala monocultures. Planting K. obovata seedlings in existing S. apetala plantations may enhance the carbon sink associated with these plantations.
GR chaperone cycle mechanism revealed by cryo-EM: the GR-maturation complex
Authors: Agard David , Noddings Chari , Wang Ray
Published: December 2020

Hsp90 is a conserved and essential molecular chaperone responsible for the folding and activation of hundreds of ‘client’ proteins. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a model client that constantly depends on Hsp90 for activity. Previously, we revealed GR ligand binding is inhibited by Hsp70 and restored by Hsp90, aided by the cochaperone p23. However, a molecular understanding of the chaperone-induced transformations that occur between the inactive Hsp70:Hsp90 ‘client-loading complex’ and an activated Hsp90:p23 ‘client-maturation complex’ is lacking for GR, or for any client. Here, we present a 2.56Å cryo-EM structure of the GR-maturation complex (GR:Hsp90:p23), revealing that the GR ligand binding domain is, surprisingly, restored to a folded, ligand-bound conformation, while simultaneously threaded through the Hsp90 lumen. Also, unexpectedly, p23 directly stabilizes native GR using a previously uncharacterized C-terminal helix, resulting in enhanced ligand-binding. This is the highest resolution Hsp90 structure to date and the first atomic resolution structure of a client bound to Hsp90 in a native conformation, sharply contrasting with the unfolded kinase:Hsp90 structure. Thus, aided by direct cochaperone:client interactions, Hsp90 dictates client-specific folding outcomes. Together with the GR-loading complex structure (Wang et al. 2020), we present the molecular mechanism of chaperone-mediated GR remodeling, establishing the first complete chaperone cycle for any client.
Care Pathway And Prioritization Of Rapid Testing For Covid-19 In UK Hospitals: A Qualitative Evaluation
Authors: Hicks Timothy , Winter Amanda , Green Kile , Kierkegaard Patrick , Price D. , Body Richard , Allen A , Graziadio Sara
Published: December 2020

Objectives The second wave of the coronavirus pandemic is now established, occurring at a time of winter pressure on acute care in the NHS. This is likely to be more challenging then the first wave for the diagnosis of COVID-19 because of the similar symptomology with other respiratory conditions highly prevalent in winter. This study sought to understand the care pathways in place in UK NHS hospitals during the first wave (March-July 2020) for identification of patients with COVID-19 and to learn lessons to inform optimal testing strategies within the COVID-19 National Diagnostic Research and Evaluation Platform (CONDOR).Design, setting & participants Sixteen hospital-based clinicians from 12 UK NHS Trusts covering 10 different specialties were interviewed following a semi-structured topic guide. Data were coded soon after the interviews and analysed thematically.Results We developed a diagrammatic, high-level visualisation of the care pathway describing the main clinical decisions associated with the diagnosis and management of patients with suspected COVID-19. COVID-19 testing influenced infection control considerations more so than treatment decisions. Two main features of service provision influenced the patient management significantly: access to rapid laboratory testing and the number of single occupancy rooms. If time to return of result was greater than 24 hours, patients with a presumptive diagnosis would often be cohorted based on clinical suspicion alone. Undetected COVID-19 during this time could therefore lead to an increased risk of viral transmission.Conclusions During the winter months, priority for provision of rapid testing at admission should be given to hospitals with limited access to laboratory services and single room availability. Access to rapid testing is essential for urgent decisions related to emergency surgery, maternity services and organ transplant. The pathway and prioritization of need will inform the economic modelling, clinical evaluations, and implementation of new clinical tests in UK.
Vibration Analysis of Post-buckled Fluid-conveying Functionally Graded Pipe
Authors: Selmi Abdellatif
Published: December 2020

The vibration of post - buckl ed fluid - conveying pipe made of functionally graded material is analyzed . The pipe material properties are assumed to be graded in the thickness dire ction according to power - law distribution. A n exact solution is obtained for the post - buckling deformation of the fluid - conveying functionally graded pipe with various boundary conditions. T he linear vibration problem is solved around the first buckled con figuration and t he natural frequencies of the three lowest vibration modes are obtained. The influences of power - law exponent, initial tension, fluid density and fluid velocity on the static deflection and free vibration frequencies are studied.
Deformation Mediated by Grain Rotation in Superhard Nanocrystalline cBN
Authors: Wang Pei , Kisslinger Kim , Chen Haiyan , Zhao Yusheng , Wang Liping
Published: December 2020

Superhard materials such as diamond and cubic boron nitride (cBN) are becoming ever more scientifically and technologically important, and critical and fundamental knowledge about their constitutive properties and deformational mechanisms is in increasingly high demand. Although it has long been suggested by theoretical modeling that deformation of face-centered cubic superhard materials is dominated by Shockley partial dislocations and screw dislocations, there has been a glaring lack of experimental evidence. Here, we report in situ deformation experiments of nanocrystalline cBN (nc-cBN) samples at high pressures and temperatures using a deformation-DIA (D-DIA) apparatus coupled with synchrotron X-ray diffraction techniques. Intrinsic stress-strain relations have been obtained for nc-cBN for the first time, and only elastic deformation occurred up to a strain of at least 14% at room temperature (RT), demonstrating its remarkable strength, which was undoubtedly enhanced by observed microscopic features such as the Lomer-Cottrell (L-C) locks and high-angle GBs. While deformation at RT is dominated by brittle fractures and mechanic crushing induced by grain boundary twisting mediated by full dislocations, plasticity of nc-CBN at higher temperatures is controlled by grain rotation and twinning mediated by Shockley partial dislocations. At 4.0 GPa and 1200 °C, accumulated shear strain resulted in the conversion of cBN to hBN at or near twisting GBs, releasing stress and mediating deformation in the process. We demonstrate the apparent agreement between the differential micro-stress derived from peak broadening analysis and differential macro-stress deduced from lattice strain analysis.
Dual-modal Light-harvesting Microfluidic System via Simultaneous Up- and Down-Conversions for Enhanced Flow Photocatalysis
Authors: Kim Mi-Jeong , You Younghoon , Ahn Gwang-Noh , Bae Sanghyeon , Kim Dowon , Kim Jung-Kyun , Kwon Yong-Eun , Ryu Jungki , Lee Jiseok , Kim Dong-Pyo
Published: December 2020

Microfluidic systems with large surface-to-volume ratios enable photocatalytic reactions to occur, avoiding the limitations of light penetration and allow the efficient transfer/mixing of mass and energy. For enhanced photocatalysis, the utilization of broad-spectrum light, especially over the entire solar spectrum, is highly desirable, but has been less explored in microfluidic systems. Herein, we report a novel microfluidic system with dual-modal light-harvesting capability via simultaneous up- and down-conversions to significantly improve the photocatalytic efficiency of C(sp3)-H functionalization reactions using ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR) light. A transparent composite incorporating down-converting (DC) coumarin dye and up-converting (UC) lanthanide-doped nanocrystals (β-NaYF4:Yb/Er/Gd) was coated onto the inner surface of the microchannels, which showed effective dual conversion of UV/NIR to visible light. An improved photocatalytic organic transformation using our single- or double-stacked microfluidic system was achieved utilizing a photocatalytic aza-Henry reaction with rose bengal (RB), which displayed a two-fold increase in reaction conversion.
In situ observation of cracking and self-healing of solid electrolyte interphases during lithium deposition
Authors: Yang Tingting , Li Hui , Tang Yongfu , Chen Jingzhao , Ye Hongjun , Wang Baolin , Zhang Yin , Du Congcong , Yao Jingming , Guo Baiyu , Shen Tong , Zhang Liqiang , Zhu Ting , Huang Jianyu
Published: December 2020

The growth of lithium (Li) whiskers is detrimental to Li batteries. However, it remains a challenge to directly track Li whisker growth. Here we report in situ observations of electrochemically induced Li deposition under a CO2 atmosphere inside an environmental transmission electron microscope. We find that the morphology of individual Li deposits is strongly influenced by the competing processes of cracking and self-healing of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). When cracking overwhelms self-healing, the directional growth of Li whiskers predominates. In contrast, when self-healing dominates over cracking, the isotropic growth of round Li particles prevails. The Li deposition rate and SEI constituent can be tuned to control the Li morphologies. We reveal a new “weak-spot” mode of Li dendrite growth, which is attributed to the operation of the Bardeen-Herring growth mechanism in the whisker’s cross section. This work has implications for the control of Li dendrite growth in Li batteries.
Urinary MicroRNA Biomarkers for Detecting The Presence of Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Okuda Yusuke , Shimura Takaya , Iwasaki Hiroyasu , Fukusada Shigeki , Nishigaki Ruriko , Kitagawa Mika , Katano Takahito , Okamoto Yasuyuki , Yamada Tamaki , Horike Shin-ichi , Kataoka Hiromi
Published: December 2020

Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and adenocarcinoma (EAC) generally exhibits poor prognosis; hence, a noninvasive biomarker enabling early detection is necessary. Methods: Age- and sex-matched 150 healthy controls (HCs) and 43 patients with ESCC were randomly divided into two groups: 9 patients in the discovery cohort for microarray analysis and 184 patients in the training/test cohort with cross-validation for qRT-PCR analysis. Using 152 urine samples (144 HCs and 8 EACs), we validated the urinary miRNA biomarkers for EAC diagnosis.Results: Among eight miRNAs selected in the discovery cohort, urinary levels of five miRNAs (miR-1273f, miR-619-5p, miR-150-3p, miR-4327, and miR-3135b) were significantly higher in the ESCC group than in the HC group, in the training/test cohort. Consistently, these five urinary miRNAs were significantly different between HC and ESCC in both training and test sets. Especially, urinary miR-1273f and miR-619-5p showed excellent values of area under the curve (AUC) ≥ 0.80 for diagnosing stage I ESCC. Similarly, the EAC group had significantly higher urinary levels of these five miRNAs than the HC group, with AUC values of approximately 0.80.Conclusion: The present study established novel urinary miRNA biomarkers that can early detect ESCC and EAC.
Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) Into Japanese
Authors: Yamaji Noyuri , Ohde Sachiko , Takahashi Osamu , Muroya Saki , Fukui Tsuguya
Published: December 2020

Background: Patient-centred healthcare is important, and patient experiences are considered a central pillar of quality in healthcare. The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS®) is an instrument used to quantitatively evaluate patient perspectives. This study's objective was to conduct the translation and adaptation of the HCAHPS® into Japanese and to determine the validity and reliability of the translated version.Methods: We translated the original English HCAPHS® into Japanese based on standardized guidelines. The content validity was assessed by an expert panel of eight members and 12 discharged patients. The discharged patients assessed the face validity. We assessed the average of all raters’ evaluations at the item level (I-CVI and I-FVI) and the scale level (S-CVI and S-FVI). We evaluated each item and the entire questionnaire, with cut-off points of 0.78 for the I-CVI and I-FVI and 0.9 for the S-CVI and S-FVI.Results: Regarding the content validity, the S-CVI was 0.99, and the I-CVIs for the individual items ranged from 0.95 to 1.0. Regarding the face validity, the I-FVIs of all items except for Q26 were 0.78 or higher. The S-FVIs were 0.96 for clarity and 0.98 for comprehension. The expert panel reviewed the translated Japanese version of the HCAHPS and modified it based on the patient raters' feedback.Conclusions: The translated HCAHPS® content is well adapted to the local context. Until now, there has been no standard instrument to measure the perspectives of hospitalized patients in Japan. The translated HCAHPS® is expected to have utility for measuring the quality of health indicators.Trial registration:No applicable.
When do physicians perceive the success of a new care model differently? A qualitative study on personal values of physicians and their expected advantages through the implementation of a new care model in a primary care setting
Authors: Richter Simone , Demirer Ibrahim , Nocon Maya , Pfaff Holger , Karbach Ute
Published: December 2020

Background

The health care innovation "MamBo – people with multimorbidity in outpatient care: patient-focused and needs-oriented healthcare management” aims to improve the efficiency and quality of care for multimorbid patients by delegating tasks (e.g. taking over house calls or coordinating specialist appointments) to a monitoring and coordination assistant (MoniKa). Participating physicians are very important for the success of the health care innovation due to their direct involvement as practitioners and their task of enrolling patients. The aim of this part of the evaluation study is therefore to identify the physician’s personal values, which influence the individual perception of the project’s advantages and thus possibly the acceptance and sustainable implementation of new care structures.
Methods

Two Focus groups (n = 4; n = 6) and three individual interviews with general practitioners and specialists who decided to implement the health care innovation within the first year were conducted. The semi-structured guidelines were developed by the research team. The interviews were analysed according to the content analysis by Mayring. We used the learning model of operant conditioning to place our study results in a theoretical context.
Result

Two central personal values of the participants, which determine the desired advantages of the health care innovation were identified: More patient-oriented and more economic-oriented values. Participants with more patient-oriented values quickly perceived advantages, which seems to be beneficial for the acceptance of the new care structures. Economic-oriented participants tended to be more critical. The benefits of the health care innovation, which was expressed, for example, in an improvement of the practice routine, has not yet been perceived by this group, or only to a limited extent.
Conclusion

The results suggest that the respective values of the participants define the individual perceived advantages and thus, the assessment of the success of the health care innovation in general. These findings could be used in the implementation process by increasing the motivation of the project participants through typified supervision.
Trial registration:

The study has been registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00014047).
DDIT4 is an Innate Protector in Psoriatic Keratinocytes and 1,25(OH)2D3 Exerts Anti-Psoriasis Through Promoting DDIT4 Inducing Macro-Autophagy and Proliferation Inhibition
Authors: Zhang Xiaojiao , Luo Fuling , Luo Yi , Li Jing , Wan Jingyuan , Hu LI , Zhao Hengguang
Published: December 2020

Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder. Its pathogenesis is now still unelucidated and the treatment is far from satisfied. DNA Damage-Inducible Transcript 4 (DDIT4) is a widely expressed protein in different tissue, which can activate cell macro-autophagy through mTORC1 passway. Vitamin D3 and analogues is a classic topical reagent for psoriasis vulgaris for more than 30 years, but its exact mechanism is not fully clear. In this study, we intend to verify whether vitamin D3 also exerts anti-psoriasis through promoting DDIT4 inducing macro-autophagy and proliferation inhibition in psoriasis vulgaris. Results showed DDIT4 was over-expressed in psoriatic tissue, and probably acted as an innate protector during psoriasis pathogenesis. 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) could promote DDIT4 expression in a rough linear correlation and subsequently activate macro-autophagy and inhabit cell proliferation, especially at the high concentration of 100nM. In terms of our understanding, this is the first time to reveal the interactions between 1,25(OH)2D3, DDIT4 and macro-autophagy in psoriasis vulgaris. DDIT4 is also probably a potential therapeutic target in future psoriatic treatments.
Authentication of Differential Gene Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma using Machine Learning Applications
Authors: Pratama Rian , Hwang Jae Joon , Lee Ji Hye , Song Giltae , Park Hae Ryoun
Published: December 2020

Background: Recently, the possibility of tumour classification based on genetic data has been investigated. However, genetic datasets are difficult to handle because of their massive size and complexity of manipulation. In the present study, we examined the diagnostic performance of machine learning applications using imaging-based classifications of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) gene sets.Methods: RNA sequencing data from SCC tissues from various sites, including oral, non-oral head and neck, oesophageal, and cervical regions, were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The feature genes were extracted through a convolutional neural network (CNN) and machine learning, and the performance of each analysis was compared.Results: The ability of the machine learning analysis to classify OSCC tumours was excellent. However, the tool exhibited poorer performance in discriminating histopathologically dissimilar cancers derived from the same type of tissue than in differentiating cancers of the same histopathologic type with different tissue origins, revealing that the differential gene expression pattern is a more important factor than the histopathologic features for differentiating cancer types.Conclusion: The CNN-based diagnostic model and the visualisation methods using RNA sequencing data were useful for correctly categorising OSCC. The analysis showed differentially expressed genes in multiwise comparisons of various types of SCCs, such as KCNA10, FOSL2, and PRDM16, and extracted leader genes from pairwise comparisons were FGF20, DLC1, and ZNF705D.
A Neoclerodane Orthoester and Other New Neoclerodane Diterpenoids From Teucrium Yemense, Which Stimulate the Secretion of Insulin From Pancreatic Islets
Authors: Nur-e-Alam Mohammad , Parveen Ifat , Wilkinson Barrie , Ahmed Sarfaraz , Hafizur Rahman , Bari Ahmed , Woodman Timothy , Threadgill Michael , Al-Rehaily Adnan
Published: December 2020

Teucrium yemense, a medicinal plant commonly grown in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, is traditionally used to treat infections, kidney diseases, rheumatism, and diabetes. Extraction of the dried aerial parts of the plant with methanol, followed by further extraction with butanol and chromatography, gave twenty novel neoclerodanes. Their structures, relative configurations and some conformations were determined by MS and 1-D and 2-D NMR techniques. Most were fairly conventional but one contained an unusual stable orthoester, one had its (C-16)-(C-13)-(C-14)-(C-15) (tetrahydro)furan unit present as a succinic anhydride and one had a rearranged carbon skeleton resulting from ring-contraction to give a central octahydroindene bicyclic core, rather than the usual decalin. Mechanisms are proposed for the biosynthetic formation of the orthoester and for the ring-contraction. Four novel neoclerodanes increased the glucose-triggered release of insulin from isolated murine pancreatic islets by more than the standard drug tolbutamide, showing that they are potential leads for the development of new anti-diabetic drugs.
Numerical Simulation of the Stent Expansion Process based on the Hemodynamic Characteristics of Bidirectional Fluid-structure Coupling
Authors: Bai Siyu , Li Hong , Li Li
Published: December 2020

Hitherto, research on the fluid-structure coupling of coronary stents has mostly considered the state after stent expansion following implantation. However, the factors and how they affect stent expansion are as yet, unclear. To further investigate stent expansion, this paper proposes a model combining balloon, stent, and blood using Solidworks. Thereafter, a co-simulation using ANSYS Workbench is implemented using the methods of finite element and finite volume, to analyze bidirectional fluid-structure coupling during the expansion of a balloon-expandable stent, for periodically varying blood loads. By comparing the blood flow rate in the vessel, pressure on the endovascular wall, and the pressure and stress on the stent system at different points in time, it can be seen that the higher the blood flow rate, the greater the pressure on the endovascular wall and stent system. Furthermore, the larger the volume of the implant, the greater the maximum blood flow rate and maximum pressure on the endovascular wall, and the more drastic the change along the axis. In summary, the results of the present study indicate that the stent expansion process has a significant effect on the blood flow rate and pressure on the vascular wall; however, the impact of blood load on stent stress can be ignored.
Potential of Different Fluoride Gels to Prevent Erosive Tooth wear caused by Gastroesophageal Reflux
Authors: Körner Philipp , Georgis Luca , Wiedemeier Daniel , Attin Thomas , Wegehaupt Florian
Published: December 2020

Background: This in-vitro-study aimed to evaluate the potential of different fluoride gels to prevent gastroesophageal reflux induced erosive tooth wear.Methods: Surface baseline profiles of a total of 50 bovine enamel specimens (randomly assigned to five groups (G1–5)) were recorded. All specimens were positioned in a custom made artificial oral cavity and perfused with artificial saliva (0.5 ml/min). Reflux was simulated 11 times a day during 12 hours by adding HCl (pH 3.0) for 30 s (flow rate 2 ml/min). During the remaining 12 hours (overnight), specimens were stored in artificial saliva and brushed twice a day (morning and evening) with a toothbrush and toothpaste slurry (15 brushing strokes). While specimens in the control group (G1) did not receive any further treatment, specimens in G2–5 were coated with different fluoride gels (Elmex Gelée (G2); Paro Amin Fluor Gelée (G3); Paro Fluor Gelée Natriumfluorid (G4); Sensodyne ProSchmelz Fluorid Gelée (G5)) in the evening for 30 s. After 20 days, surface profiles were recorded again and enamel loss was determined by comparing them with the baseline profiles. The results were statistically analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey`s HSD post-hoc test. Results: The overall highest mean wear of enamel (9.88 ± 1.73 µm) was observed in the control group (G1), where no fluoride gel was applied. It was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to all other groups. G2 (5.03 ± 1.43 µm) showed the best protection from hydrochloric acid induced erosion, though G3 (5.47 ± 0.63 µm, p = 0.918) and G4 (5.14 ± 0.82 µm, p > 0.999) revealed almost equal and statistically not different results. Enamel wear in G5 (6.64 ± 0.86 µm) was significantly higher compared to G2 (p = 0.028) and G4 (p = 0.047).Conclusions: After 20 days of daily application, all investigated fluoride gels are able to significantly reduce gastroesophageal reflux induced loss of enamel.