bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between Chlamydia trachomatis Infection and Male Infertility:
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Keikha Masoud , Hosseininasab-Nodoushan Seyed-Abolfazl , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: August 2022

Background:

Chlamydia trachomatis infection is one of the most common sexually
transmitted diseases. There is widespread evidence in recent years that indicate C. trachomatis
infection plays a role in sperm dysfunction and poor sperm quality. However, some controversial
documents have argued the role of infection with this bacterium in male infertility.

Methods:

A full comprehensive electronic search was performed using the online databases Web
of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar, without considering the time limits.

Results:

In the present study, 56 articles were finally found to be eligible. The prevalence of C.
trachomatis infection in the infertile males was estimated at 20.6% (19.8-21.5 with 95% CIs; p-
Value: 0.01; I2: 97.77; Q-Value: 237.8; p-Value: 0.01; Begg's p-Value: 0.09; Egger's p-Value:
0.01) in overall. We have also shown that infection with C. trachomatis can significantly increase
the risk of infertility in men (OR: 2.28; 1.90-2.72 with 95% CIs; p-Value: 0.001; I2: 81.61; QValue:
59.81; p-Value: 0.01; Begg's p-Value: 0.73; Egger's p-Value: 0.61).

Conclusion:

We showed a high prevalence of C. trachomatis in the sperm and semen samples of
infertile men, and C. trachomatis infection is associated with a significantly higher risk of infertility
in men.
Experimental Investigation of Immunoglobulin and Complement Concentrations
in Exposure to IVIG, HBIG, Rituximab, Tocilizumab, and Bevacizumab
Authors: Caglayan Murat , Gonel Ataman
Published: August 2022

Background:

Immunoglobulins (Igs) are produced in plasma cells in response to glycoprotein like immunogens and they are also used as therapeutics in the pharmaceutical industry. It may be important to know the effects of therapeutic Igs on Ig levels during therapy to eliminate any misconceptions
about the immunity of patients.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the effects of monoclonal antibody (mAb) derivative drugs and
therapeutic antibody (intravenous Ig [IVIG] and hepatitis B immune globulin [HBIG]) treatments on
blood IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, complement component 3 (C3), and complement component 4 (C4) levels.

Methods:

N Protein Control SL / Low (Siemens, Marburg, Germany, Lot: 084654) was used as the control solution. Aliquots of IVIG, HBIG, rituximab, tocilizumab, and bevacizumab (20 µL) were added to
180 µL of the control solution, and the solutions were vortexed (5 s). The samples were studied using a
Dade Behring BN II (Siemens, Marburg, Germany) nephelometer. All measurements were repeated three
times by performing the same process in which distilled water (20 µL) was added to the control solution
to determine the target value, and the average values were taken. The bias formula was used to calculate
the amount by which the results deviated from the target value.

Results:

IVIG caused the greatest deviation (45.97%) to IgG levels. HBIG, rituximab, tocilizumab, and
bevacizumab caused the IgG level to deviate by 0.81%, 9.68%, 27.42%, and 30.65%, respectively. In the
IgA test, tocilizumab increased the reading by 8.66%, while the other therapeutics caused reductions in
the reading, with the smallest and largest changes caused by HBIG (-0.93%) and bevacizumab (-4.98%).
Tocilizumab increased the IgE level by 0.48%, and rituximab and bevacizumab reduced the IgE level by -
0.21% with -8.47%, respectively. Tocilizumab, IVIG, and HBIG caused 1.41%, 2.70%, and 4.32% deviations,
respectively, in the C3 levels. Whereas bevacizumab (-1.08%) and rituximab (-5.41%) caused reductions
in the C3 levels. Tocilizumab, HBIG, rituximab, IVIG, and bevacizumab caused deviations of
0.87%, -2.31%, -3.76%, -6.36%, -8.38%, respectively, in the C4 levels.

Conclusion:

Deviations in measured IgG levels after therapeutic Ig and mAb infusions may cause errors
in clinical decisions. It is recommended that Ig levels be measured before infusion or when the therapeutic drug has been eliminated from the blood.
Ultrasound Hand and Wrist Findings in Children with Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus
Authors: Khalifa Iman , Osman Heba Taher , Mostafa Noha , Marzouk Huda , Sabry Nahla , Abdou Marise
Published: August 2022

Background:

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can involve any organ system. SLE often involves the musculoskeletal system to varying degrees and it is frequently joints of the hands that are most likely to give discomfort to patients.

Objectives:

To assess by ultrasound the presence of joint inflammation in patients with juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (JSLE) not complaining of painful joints of the hand and wrist (asymptomatic), and to compare the findings with those in JSLE patients complaining of painful hand and wrist joints (symptomatic) and in healthy controls.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional case control study on 37 JSLE patients. Thirty were asymptomatic for joint complaint. Ultrasound examination of wrists and joints of both hands, 11 joints in each hand, to assess synovial hypertrophy, effusion and pathological vascularization [using power Doppler] (PD), and were given a score of 0-3. Patients were compared with 8 healthy controls.

Results:

Ultrasound abnormalities (synovial hypertrophy and increased vascularity) were detected in 22/30 of the asymptomatic patients (73.3%) and in all 7 symptomatic patients (100%). In asymptomatic children, 29 joints were affected (4.4% of all joints), compared to 13 joints in the symptomatic patients (8.4% of all joints). Synovitis score was mild or moderate (1 or 2) in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, with all showing increased vascularity. In the control group, 5 joints (2.8% of all joints) showed synovial hypertrophy but no increased vascularity.

Conclusion:

Increased vascularity (PD more than 0) is a more reliable indicator of inflammation than synovial hypertrophy which may be detected in healthy individuals.
WITHDRAWN: Whole Pancreas and Islet Cells Transplantation for Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Mini-Review and Middle East-
North Africa Experience
Authors: Odhaib Samih Abed , Mohammed Adel Gassab , Iraqi Hinde
Published: August 2022

Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been
withdrawn from the journal "Current Diabetes Review".

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

BENTHAM SCIENCE DISCLAIMER:

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of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
Recent Modifications of Anti-dementia Agents Focusing on Tacrine and/or Donepezil Analogs
Authors: Mohamed Lamia W. , Mohamed Khaled O. , Sayed Hadeer S. , Mahmoud Zeinab
Published: August 2022

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a multifactorial incurable neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterized by a decline of cholinergic function in parallel with β-amyloid fibril deposition. Such an imbalance causes severe loss in memory and cognition, leading to behavioral disturbances, depression, and ultimately death. During the last decades, only a few approved drugs were launched onto the market with indications for treating initial and moderate stages of AD. To date, cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI) are the mainstay line of treatment to ameliorate AD symptoms. Tacrine and Donepezil are the most commonly prescribed anti-dementia drugs, given their potent inhibitory effects. Therefore, many trials have focused on both drugs' structures to synthesize new anti-dementia agents. This paper discusses recent trends of new AD-treating anti-dementia agents focusing on Tacrine and Donepezil analogs and multifunctional hybrid ligands.
Synthesis, In-silico and In-vitro Antimycobacterial Studies on Novel
Benzofuran Derivatives
Authors: Thorat Bapu R. , Shelke Dnyaneshwar E. , Dhabarde Sanjay S. , Mali Suraj N.
Published: August 2022

Background:

Benzofurans, an interesting heterocyclic compound, are available abundantly in nature and show a wider range of pharmacological activities. Moreover, in recent years this moeity has been found to have strong antituberculosis potential. Considering the importance of this moiety in the field of medicinal chemistry, we have synthesized a few benzofuran derivatives.

Methods:

These derivatives were also characterized by standard spectroscopic methods. Synthesized compounds were observed for their anti-tuberculosis activity using microplate Alamar Blue assay (MABA) assay and found to have a minimum of 100 (μg/mL) of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Moreover, our molecular docking analyses depicted strong inhibitory potential against a popular TB target, Decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-ribose 2′-epimerase (DprE1), a crucial enzyme for cell wall synthesis.

Results:

Compound 9e was found to have a strong binding energy score of -148.47 kcal/mol against the selected targets (PDB id: 6HEZ).

Conclusion:

All compounds were also found to possess drug-likeness characteristics when checked with Lipinski's filter.
Investigation of the Potential Mechanism of Danggui Shaoyao San for the
Treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) with Network
Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Zeng Fang , Zhang Yu , Cheng Fang , Li Qiang , Wang Jinglin
Published: August 2022

Background:

Danggui Shaoyao San (DSS) is a well-known herbal formula, which has been widely used in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the potential mechanisms of DSS for NAFLD remains unknown.

Objective:

Our study aims to explore the active components and potential molecular mechanisms of DSS for the treatment of NAFLD.

Methods:

Methods: In this study, network pharmacology and molecular docking were performed to predict the active ingredients, potential targets and molecular mechanisms of DSS for the treatment of NAFLD.

Results:

Results: The 31 active components and 27 potential targets of DSS associated with NAFLD were identified, and the five components most closely associated with NAFLD were beta-sitosterol, kaempferol, hederagenin, 3β-acetoxyatractylone, and sitosterol. DSS was involved in regulating pathways in cancer, AGE-RAGE signalling pathway in diabetic complications, IL-17 signalling pathway, NAFLD, hepatitis B, apoptosis, and hepatitis C. Additionally, IL-6, Caspase 3, RELA, PTGS2, and JUN might be the potential important targets of DSS for NAFLD treatment. In addition, the results of molecular docking indicated that kaempferol and beta-sitosterol compounds could bind to the important targets.

Conclusion:

Conclusion: Our study systematically investigated the potential molecular mechanism of DSS for the treatment of NAFLD, which would potentially provide a new clinical approach for NAFLD.
Management of Denture Infection with Phytomedicine
Authors: Anitha Kuttae Viswanathan , Rajkumar Krishnan
Published: August 2022

Natural teeth are an integral part of the masticatory system. Absence of dentition subjects
the individual to compromised oral function, facial appearance and phonetics. Rehabilitation with dental
prosthesis is imperative to restore form and masticatory activity. Currently, fabrication of removable
and fixed prosthesis has become most predictable. Nonetheless, there is an increased prevalence of
oral stomatitis observed over the years in edentulous individuals wearing removable dentures.
Amongst the many pathogens that cause denture infections, Candida albicans is assumed to be the
most virulent opportunistic agent. Different methods, such as mechanical, chemical, chemicmechanical,
and pharmacological are tried to fight such infections. Regardless of various management
strategies developed to treat denture stomatitis, the research continues to evolve the most optimal one.
Improper oral and or denture hygiene maintenance, surface irregularities on denture, persistence of
xerostomia and associated systemic illness pose risk for exaggeration of the disease. In extreme conditions,
the development of aspiration pneumonia in geriatric patients is considered a threat to both dental
and medical specialists. Therapeutic administration of synthetic anti-microbial drugs, along with
meticulous oral hygiene maintenance are recommended protocols till date. However, limitations such
as antibiotic resistance, side effects, counter drug reactions, cost of the medicaments predispose to
origin of natural herbal products to treat denture stomatitis. Vast array of plant products are studied in
previous literature, yet no definitive edge of one over the other is proven. This article intends to provide
a mini-review on the different organic plant materials, also called as phytomedicines used for the
treatment of candida associated denture stomatitis (CADS).
Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with a Focus on Asian Indians Living in India and Abroad: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yusufi Faiz Noor Khan , Ahmed Aquil , Ahmad Jamal , Alexiou Athanasios , Ashraf Ghulam Md , Yusufi Ahad Noor Khan
Published: August 2022

Background:

Diabetes is a highly prevalent disease in the world. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is growing at an alarming rate due to rapid urbanization, migration, aging population, and lifestyle changes.

Introduction:

We have summarized the global T2DM distribution in specific International Diabetes Federation (IDF)-defined regions and various countries and highlighted the high risk of T2DM prevalence in Asian Indians living in India and worldwide.

Method:

A systematic review was conducted using combinations of the following key concepts ‘T2DM’ ; ‘global distribution’ ; ‘Asian Indians’ ; ‘high risk’ and ‘prevalence’ by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases for articles describing the global distribution of T2DM. From 430 searched articles, 54 full-text articles were reviewed to study the distribution, risk, and prevalence of diabetes in various countries.

Result:

As per IDF Atlas, 463 million people in 2019 have diabetes worldwide, and it is expected to rise to 700 million by 2045. The global distribution of T2DM differs from various countries to various regions. Asia is the epicenter of diabetes, where 60% of people with diabetes live, mainly in China (139.9 million) and India (65 million). South Asians are more susceptible to developing T2DM as compared to ethnic Europeans. Asian Indians living worldwide are at a high risk of developing T2DM. Those who have migrated to various countries (USA, UK, Australia, Singapore, Mauritius, New Zealand, Fiji, etc.) have a higher prevalence of T2DM than the native population and even more significant than those Indians living in India due to being more insulin resistant. Indians develop T2DM at a younger age and at a lower BMI due to genetic makeup and behavioral and environmental determinants, including diet and sedentary lifestyle and westernization.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, insulin levels were found to be higher not only in adults but also in adolescents and young adults. In addition, rapid urbanization, migration, industrial modernization, and lifestyle changes are other factors responsible for the develvement of T2DM.
Recent Methods and Challenges in Brain Tumor Detection Using Medical
Image Processing
Authors: Kandimalla Sai Yasheswini , Vamsi Dhara Mohana , Bhavani Samudrala , V.M. Manikandan
Published: August 2022

A brain tumour is described by the presence of abnormal cells in the brain's tissues. Brain
tumours can be benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). The malignant brain tumour is one
of the leading and common cancers in the world. There are two types of tumours, primary tumours
that develop in the brain and secondary tumours that start in another region of the body and then
spread to the brain. The precise identification of the size and location of a brain tumour is crucial in
the diagnosis of a brain tumour and is often diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
This book chapter discusses the major types of brain tumours and the advancements in computeraided
approaches for detecting brain tumours. The manuscript gives an overview of various recent
machine learning and medical image processing approaches developed recently for the identification
and classification of brain tumours. Several medical image dataset available for the research works
in this domain is also briefed in this article. The major research challenges which can be addressed
by the researchers in the domain of brain tumour detection are also discussed in this article.

Method:

This manuscript mainly discusses various medical image processing methods to detect brain tumors.

Results:

The manuscript discusses the efficiency of the existing schemes and the key areas where further improvement is required

Conclusion:

This manuscript gives an overview of various categories of brain tumors, existing methods to detect brain tumors, the critical challenges in this domain and the medical image dataset available for the study.
Review of Recent Patents on Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs)
Authors: Zoucha Jack , Crespo Cristina , Wolf Hanna , Aboy Mateo
Published: August 2022

Background:

Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) provide an opportunity to take advantage of wind power in a variety of places unfit for traditional horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT). Despite suffering from a lower efficiency in ideal conditions, other key advantages of vertical axis turbines still give them the ability to outperform traditional wind turbines, especially in urban, low-wind, and turbulent areas around the world.

Objective:

The purpose of this paper was to conduct a state-of-the-art patent search to analyze recent technological advancements in VAWT designs and deliver an overview of significant patents within this particular field of technology.

Methods::

An extensive patent search was performed to determine patents issued in the United States pertaining to the design innovation of VAWTs. The research implements an empirical approach to inspect patent information and a qualitative analysis of the appropriate patents published in VAWT technology.

Results:

The patent search returned 506 total patents with almost 64% of advancements made in the past ten years, but with limited advancements made within the last 5 years. This article reviews sixteen patent publications since 2010 that highlight the most distinctive VAWT designs.

Conclusion:

Although progress has stalled over the last 5 years, VAWTs remain a plausible solution for many different environments and non-traditional implementations. While HAWTs have proved to be more efficient, the versatility of reviewed VAWT designs creates a new and untapped potential for wind as a renewable energy source.
Dynamic Postural Stability after Cartilage Repair in the Knee
Authors: Gille Justus , Körner Valentin , Oheim Ralf , Paech Andreas , Mittelstädt Hagen , Schulz Arndt-Peter , Schagemann Jan
Published: August 2022

Background:

Articular cartilage has an exceptionally poor capacity for healing, but Autologous Matrix Induced Chondrogenesis is a procedure with a substantial body of literature that demonstrates its performance in chondral and osteochondral repair. However, data concerning dynamic postural stability after cartilage repair procedures is lacking.

Objective:

Therefore, the present study was designed to assess postural stability following cartilage repair in the knee.

Methods:

20 adults had undergone Autologous Matrix Induced Chondrogenesis for the treatment of full-thickness cartilage defects, with minimum 36 months of follow-up. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by patient reported outcome measures while dynamic postural stability was assessed using the star excursion balance test. The untreated, contralateral limbs served as controls.

Results:

At a mean follow-up of 43 months, patients reported a Visual Analog Score for pain of 1.6±2.2, a mean Lysholm score of 78.5±17.9 and a mean Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score of 143.3±16.1. The star excursion balance test showed no significant difference between limbs.

Conclusion:

With no difference in dynamic postural stability, our results indicate that this treatment provides a positive clinical outcome, with no deficits in postural stability when compared to the contralateral, untreated leg.
Functional Excipients and Novel Drug Delivery Scenario in
Self-nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System: A Critical Note
Authors: Tonjan Russel , Singh Dilpreet
Published: August 2022

Lipid-based formulations have emerged as prospective dosage forms for extracting the therapeutic
effects of existing lipophilic compounds and novel chemical entities more efficiently. Compared
to other excipients, lipids have the added benefit of enhancing the bioavailability of lipophilic
and highly metabolizable drugs due to their unique physicochemical features and similarities to in vivo
components. Furthermore, lipids can minimize the needed dose and even the toxicity of drugs with
poor aqueous solubility when employed as the primary excipient. Hence, the aim of the present review
is to highlight the functional behavior of lipid excipients used in SNEDD formulation along with the
stability aspects of the formulation in vivo. Moreover, this review also covered the importance of
SNEDDS in drug delivery, the therapeutic and manufacturing benefits of lipids as excipients, and the
technological advances made so far to convert liquid to solid SNEDDS like melt granulation, adsorption
on a solid support, spray cooling, melt extrusion/ spheronization has also highlighted. The mechanistic
understanding of SNEDD absorption in vivo is highly complex, which was discussed very critically
in this review. An emphasis on their application and success on an industrial scale was presented,
as supported by case studies and patent surveys.
Local Adaptiveness of Mixed Higher Order Partial Differential Equations
and Its Application in Image Denoising
Authors: Wang Weiming , Ma Zengqiang , Yang Hang , Xu Dandan , Ma Sasa
Published: August 2022

Background:

Image denoising methods based on partial differential equations have
attracted much attention due to their "infinite" local adaptation capabilities, high flexibility, and
strong mathematical theoretical support.

Methods:

This paper proposes a mixed higher order partial differential equation denoising model
for the step effect caused by the second-order denoising model and the edge blur caused by the
fourth-order denoising model. The model combines the second-order and fourth-order terms based
on the relationship between the variational energy minimization and the partial differential equations. The fourth-order term is used to remove noise in the uniform area of the image to avoid the
step effect, and the second-order term is used at the edge to avoid boundary blur.

Results:

Theoretical analysis and numerical experiment results show that the proposed model has
weak solutions and can effectively avoid the step effect and maintain the edge.

Conclusion:

The image denoising results of the model are better than those of other improved
denoising models in subjective effect, and objective evaluation indicators, such as SNR, PSNR,
and MSSIM.
Physiologically Beneficial Actions of Alliin in Health and Disease
Authors: Ortuño-Sahagún Daniel , Torres-Reyes Daniel Ulises , Sánchez-Sánchez Alma Marina , Carrera-Quintanar Lucrecia
Published: August 2022

Background:

Garlic has been considered to have medicinal properties in different cultures
since ancient times. Vegetables of the allium genus are a natural source of sulfur-containing
organic compounds. These compounds have recently been investigated for their positive health
effects, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, as well as cardioprotective and anticarcinogenic
properties.

Objective:

In this review, we focus on one of the main components of garlic; alliin or S-allyl-Lcysteine
sulfoxide, which is a non-protein amino acid that exhibits a broad spectrum of beneficial
effects on physiology, both at the cellular and whole organism levels.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic literature search of the MEDLINE (PubMed) database.
Search terms used for alliin were: “S-allylcysteine sulfoxide” OR “L-alliin” OR “ACSO”, all of
them combined into a separated search term individually as follows: AND “antioxidant”; AND
“cardioprotective”; AND “anti-inflammatory”; AND “antimicrobial”; AND “disease”, and; AND
“neuroprotective”.

Results:

Here, we review and integrate the existing experimental evidence on the effects of alliin,
mainly on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as its cardioprotective action, and
its role as an adjuvant for the treatment of different diseases, such as infectious diseases, inflammatory
diseases, metabolic diseases and cancer.

Conclusion:

Finally, we propose alliin as a possible neuroprotective agent, through the combination
of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and its ability to reduce markers of metabolic
inflammation in obesity.
Compritol: A Versatile Excipient for Novel Drug Delivery System
Authors: Shree Dipthi , Patra Chinam Niranjan , Sahoo Biswa Mohan
Published: August 2022

Background:

Active pharmaceutical ingredient to be administered in a suitable dosage
form is usually incorporated with an inert substance (excipient) to achieve a necessary therapeutic
effect. Pharmaceutical excipient plays a prominent role in the drug delivery system. Thus, the exploration
of novel excipients is indispensable to aid in formulating the new chemical entity. This
review discusses novel lipid excipient Compritol for devising as an efficient drug delivery system
and its utility in the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries.

In this review manuscript, the potential pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical applicability
of compritol as a novel excipient has been highlighted. An extensive search of the literature
was done using the existing original research papers. Furthermore, painstaking efforts were made
to compile and update the information using databases viz., PubMed, Science Direct, Google
Scholar, etc. The applications of various grades of compritol are enumerated in the form of tables.
A Retrieval Method for Spatiotemporal Information of Chorography
Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Huan Shuliang
Published: August 2022

Background:

On the retrieval of spatiotemporal information of chorography (STIC), one of the most important topics is how to quickly pinpoint the desired STIC text out of the massive chorography databases. Domestically, there are not diverse means to retrieve the spatiotemporal information from chorography database. Emerging techniques like data mining, artificial intelligence (AI), and natural language processing (NLP) should be introduced into the informatization of chorography.

Objective:

This study intends to devise an information retrieval method for STIC based on deep learning, and fully demonstrates its feasibility.

Methods:

Firstly, the authors explained the flow for retrieving and analyzing the data features of STIC texts, and established a deep hash model for STIC texts. Next, the data matching flow was defined for STIC texts, the learned hash code was adopted as the memory address of STIC texts, and the hash Hamming distance of the text information was computed through linear search, thereby completing the task of STIC retrieval.

Results:

Our STIC text feature extraction model learned better STIC text features than the contrastive method. It learned many hash features, and differentiated between different information well, when there were many hash bits.

Conclusion:

In addition, our hash algorithm achieved the best retrieval accuracy among various methods. Finally, the hash features acquired by our algorithm can accelerate the retrieval speed of STIC texts. These experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm.
Recent Advances on Carbon Nanostructure-Based Biosensors
Authors: Kalkal Ashish , Packirisamy Gopinath
Published: August 2022

Carbon-based nanostructured materials have derived substantial attention as
novel functional materials towards the fabrication of various biosensing platforms
owing to their interesting physicochemical and optoelectronic properties, as well as
desired surface functionalities. These nanomaterials provide increased and oriented
immobilization of biomolecules along with maintaining their biological activity in view
of their lower cytotoxicity and higher biocompatibility. The integration of carbon
nanomaterials with biosensing platforms has provided new opportunities and paved the
way for the efficient detection of various biomolecules and analytes. These
nanostructured materials-based biosensors have improved biosensing characteristics,
including broader linear detection range, lower detection limit, better selectivity, and
higher sensitivity. This chapter summarizes the results of different electrochemical and
fluorescent biosensors related to various nanostructured carbon materials, namely
carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene and its derivatives (reduced graphene oxide (rGO),
graphene oxide (GO), graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and carbon dots (CDs).
Graphene Based Hybrid Nanocomposites for Solar Cells
Authors: Kadian Sachin , Singh Manjinder , Manik Gaurav
Published: August 2022

Over the last few years, due to its exceptional two-dimensional (2D)
structure, graphene has played a key role in developing conductive transparent devices
and acquired significant attention from scientists to get placed as a boon material in the
energy industry. Graphene-based materials have played several roles, including
interfacial buffer layers, electron/hole transport material, and transparent electrodes in
photovoltaic devices. Apart from charge extraction and electron transportation,
graphene protects the photovoltaic devices from atmospheric degradation through its
2D network and offers long-term air or environmental stability. This chapter focuses on
the recent advancements in graphene and its nanocomposites-based solar cell devices,
including dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), organic solar cells (OSCs), and
perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We further discuss the impact of incorporating graphene based materials on the power conversion efficiency for each type of solar cell. The last
section of this chapter highlights the potential challenges and future research scope of
graphene-based nanocomposites for solar cell applications.
New Frontiers of Graphene Based Nanohybrids for Energy Harvesting Applications
Authors: De Sriparna , Adhikari Arpita , Chattopadhyay Dipankar
Published: August 2022

Graphene has gained recognition within the research community owing to its
fascinating properties in the plethora of energy-related applications. The properties
include high thermal and electrical conductivity, greater mechanical strength, optical
translucency, intrinsic flexibility, massive surface area, and distinctive two-dimensional
structure. Graphene is highly competent in enriching the functional performance,
endurance, stability of many applications. However, still ample research diversity will
be desirable for graphene commercialization in energy sectors. This intuitive
scrutinization reconnoitered the talented employment arena of graphene in various
energy storage and harvesting fields. The amplification of the versatile applicability of
graphene and comprehensive perception regarding pros and cons of graphene based
nanohybrids could critically pinpoint current constrictions by upgrading its
characteristics performance. The chapter provides an insight into the unique features of
graphene and amalgamation with nanomaterials to enlighten its various energy-related
applications, including supercapacitors, biosensors, solar cells, batteries. With the
breakneck miniaturization in the employment of graphene in various energy-relevant
applications, it is crucial to epitomize align="center" and figure out the progressive
momentum of graphene and its nanohybrids in several energy-related application
territories.
Metal Oxide Based Nanocomposites for Solar Energy Harvesting
Authors: Prabakaran K. , Jandas P.J. , Luo Jingting
Published: August 2022

In recent years, the development of industrialization and the increasing population has increased energy consumption across the globe. So, there is a need for green and sustainable energy generation from solar cells with greater efficiency. Photovoltaic (PV) technology with improved performance is going to be a gamechanger in resolving the energy crisis in an eco-friendly and more sustainable manner. Widely used silicon (Si) based PVs are relatively expensive due to strong requirements for the high purity of crystalline semiconductors. The Si wafer cost covers 50% of the total cost of the align="center"module. In this regard, metal oxide based semiconductors are stable and environment-friendly materials that are used in photovoltaics as photoelectrodes in dye solar cells (DSCs), quantum dot sensitized solar cells, and build metal oxide p–n junctions. This chapter comprehensively discusses the most recent progress in metal oxide semiconductors in alternative type solar cells, in particular dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC).
Two-dimensional Functionalized Hexagonal Boron Nitride (2D h-BN) Nanomaterials for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Shams Shamsiya , Bindhu B.
Published: August 2022

The conservation of energy and the materials utilized for its storage have gathered a wide range of interest nowadays. Two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (2D h-BN), often termed as ‘white graphene’, exhibits various interesting properties and hence, acts as a promising future candidate for energy sustainment and storage. This material assures exquisite thermal and chemical stability, high chemical inertness, exotic mechanical strength, and good optoelectrical properties. 2D h-BN undergoes physical and chemical modulations, and their properties could be tuned, making them more appropriate for energy storage applications. They could also be incorporated with other 2D materials like graphene, molybdenum disulphide (MoS2 ), etc., to improve their properties. It is thus thoroughly and systematically studied for its further usage in field effect transistors (FETs), UV detecting devices and emitters, photoelectric and microelectronic devices, tunnelling devices, etc. The comprehensive overview provides an insight into 2D h-BN and its synthesis routes developed within the past years. The different major properties exhibited by 2D h-BN are also reviewed. Hybridization and doping processes are also discussed. Functionalised h-BN and its utilisation in different energy storage applications are elaborated and reviewed. This review chapter will give a quick glance and perspectives on 2D h-BN and its extraordinary characteristic features that could enhance their usage in energy conversion, storage, and utilisation applications.
Polymer Nanocomposite Membrane for Fuel cell Applications
Authors: Nayak Ratikanta , Harilal Bentham Science Publisher , Chandra Ghosh Prakash
Published: August 2022

Polymer nanocomposite is a new kind of material that offers to substitute
traditionally filled polymers. The nanomaterial polymer matrix inter-phase area
increases drastically due to the inherent high surface-to-volume ratio resulting in
remarkably enhanced properties compared to the pristine polymers or their
conventional counterpart filled nanocomposites. Nanocomposites have several novel
properties such as nonlinear optical properties, electronic conductivity and
luminescence. Therefore, their use has been projected in many areas like chemical
sensors, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFCs), electroluminescent
devices, batteries, electrocatalysis, smart windows and memory devices. PEMFCs
embody a potential candidate for electrochemical energy generation in the twenty-first
century due to their better efficiency and environmentally friendly nature. Proton
exchange/Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) plays a vital role in the PEMFCs.
Currently, PEM like Nafion and Flemions are widely used in PEMFC, which have
certain drawbacks such as fuel cross-over through the membrane, low operating
temperature, and high cost. The researchers from several laboratories across the globe
have put their extreme effort into preparing a novel polymer electrolyte membrane with
high proton conductivity, better long-term stability, improved thermal stability, high
peak power density (PPD), and less fuel crossover with minimum cost. The advent of
nanotechnology has brought a new scope to this research area. The hybrid (organic
polymer with inorganic nanoparticle) nanocomposite membrane has developed into an
exciting alternative to the conventional polymer membrane applications. It provides an
exclusive blend of inorganic and organic properties and helps to overcome the
drawbacks of align="center"pristine polymer membranes. In this book chapter, we have
focused on different nanomaterials and their effect is analyzed in polymer electrolyte
nanocomposite membranes for PEMFC applications.
Graphene-based Nanocomposites for Electro-optic Devices
Authors: Bag Monojit , Kumar Jitendra , Kumar Ramesh
Published: August 2022

Graphene, the most exciting carbon allotrope, and its derivatives such as
graphene oxide and graphene quantum dots have sparked a flurry of research and
innovation owing to their unprecedented optoelectronic properties. Graphene and its
nanocomposites have been widely used in a variety of opto-electronic devices such as
photodetectors, transistors, actuators, biomedical aids, and membranes. Their sp2
hybridization state provides some extraordinary opto-electronic and mechanical
properties. Chemical exfoliation of graphite into graphene and graphene oxide allows
us to mix graphene nanocomposites into various layers of organic solar cells and other
organic semiconductor-based optoelectronic devices, especially for roll-to-roll
fabrication of large-area devices at a lower cost. Recently, these nanocomposites have
also been utilized as charge transport layers and surface modifiers in perovskite solar
cells and perovskite light-emitting diodes. Researchers have found that the presence of
graphene, even at very low loading, can significantly improve the device's
performance. In this chapter, we have discussed the application of graphene oxide,
reduced graphene oxide, and doped graphene oxide in various combinations in
perovskite solar cells and perovskite light-emitting diodes; these nanomaterials can be
utilized either in transport layers of a multilayered device or directly incorporated in the
active layers of these optoelectronic devices. These nanocomposites generally improve
the device efficiencies by improving the band alignment at heterojunctions in a
multilayered device by substantially reducing the trap states and the charge transfer
resistance. These nanocomposites are found to achieve significantly improved device
power conversion efficiency and stability of perovskite-based optoelectronic devices.
Nanomaterials for Flexible Photovoltaic Fabrics
Authors: Kumar Sudheer , Krishnan Sukhila
Published: August 2022

The development of extremely flexible photovoltaic (PV) devices for energy
harvesting and storage applications is currently receiving more attention by the
researchers from industries. The presently available energy storage devices are too
rigid and extensive and also not suitable for next-generation flexible electronics such as
silicon-based solar cells. Thus, the researchers have developed high-performance,
lightweight, conformable, bendable, thin, and flexible dependable devices. On the other
hand, these energy storage devices require to be functional under different mechanical
deformations, for example, bending, twisting, and even stretching. The nanomaterial
(TiO2
, ZnO, Ag, etc.) coated fabrics also play a vital role in improving the efficiency of
the solar cell (devices) to a great extent. The current chapter provides information
about the development of nanomaterials-based flexible photovoltaic solar cell devices
for wearable textile industry applications. The fabricated carbon ink printed fabrics
such as polyester, cotton woven and nonwoven, and polyethylene terephthalate
nonwoven can be used as cathode and heating sources of PV devices. The organic and
flexible conductive substrate printed with carbon ink can be utilized as heating source
fabrics for wearable electronics devices. The flexible substrate-based photovoltaics
(PV) device is mostly used in the textile industries due to its flexibility, environmental
friendliness, low cost as well as easy processability. The flexible-wearable photovoltaic
devices pave the way to be used for enormous applications in various fields.
The applier of general rules to individual case and Its impact on building community peace.
Authors: Jalal Abdullah Aram
Published: August 2022

What prompted me to participate in your esteemed conference is: - Theme: Ideologies and Genocide: The Religious Factor - Which is first: shedding light on a delicate and a sensitive topic, namely: Who fulfills applying general rules to individual case and what impact it has on societal peace, to know the causes of the emergence of extremist ideas and ways to treat them, because what Humankind in general, and countries with different religions, sects, and minorities in particular, is experiencing from dispersal, scattering and spilling the blood of its components. It is only one of the causes of erroneous diligence in understanding the religious text and error in the mechanism of application of texts in issues over which there are various sects and intellectual trends. And its development, made life in renewal and expansion, and calamities abounded and a renewed vision of the facts, and these issues and developments can only be broadcast through correct diligence and there is no correct diligence except by achieving a correct framework, to limit the deviation of ideas and the emergence of groups like ISIS and those who follow their path. "
The Problematic of Characterizing Genocide A Reading in the Techniques of Historical Trends to Explain the Jewish Genocide
Authors: Shakir Sultani Haider
Published: August 2022

"The research is an attempt designed to diagnose the problematic of characterizing the genocide by adopting the ""Holocaust"" as a paradigm for the hypothesis addressed by the research, reviewing the trends of historians' interpretation of the genocide since the end of World War II (1945), as well as tracking the historical stations that those interpretations have gone through, the problems and crises that they provoked in Germany, and the response of German historical circles for the challenge imposed by those interpretations. The research is divided into two topics: the first: The Historians' Trends in Interpreting the Nazi Genocide of the Jews until the 1980s. As for the second: the ""Holocaust"" Historiography, the Nazi Knot, and the Identity Crisis in Germany."
سّردية الإرهاب والإبادة في رواية (رقصة الجديلة والنهر) لوفاء عبد الرزاق/ مقاربة سيميائية
Authors: فيج الكيدي محمد
Published: August 2022

سّردية الإرهاب والإبادة في رواية (رقصة الجديلة والنهر) لوفاء عبد الرزاق/ مقاربة سيميائية
القانون الدولي وجرائم االبادة الجماعية ، محاكمات مجرمي الحرب
Authors: Naseef Jasim Saeed
Published: August 2022

القانون الدولي وجرائم االبادة الجماعية ، محاكمات مجرمي الحرب
منهج الحوار والتسام ح في الفكر اإلسالمي مدخل للتعايش وبناء السالم
Authors: Gharbi Husein Khamis
Published: August 2022

منهج الحوار والتسام ح في الفكر اإلسالمي مدخل للتعايش وبناء السالم
The Role of Social Networking Sites in Information the Aezidis about the concept of genocide
Authors: احمد رمضان عمر , وسيم صادق شيماء
Published: August 2022

The importance of social media Social Networking Sites has emerged as an inevitable, realistic and indispensable necessity in various fields
"Genocide Sociological study "
Authors: محمد كاظم حسين شيرين
Published: August 2022

"Abstract The research deals with some of the social factors causing the genocide to which they have exposed humanity According to a sociological perspective; the research deals mainly with the problem of the culture of collective violence, intolerance towards the other, and the collective spirit of the perpetrators of the crime of genocide. It also deals with the elements of social peace, as they are essential tools in building peace and curbing the idea of genocide in a society. The research comprised three axes, the first on the study concepts and terminology, the second on sociology and genocide, the third on social factors and their role in committing genocide, and the fourth on the elements of social peace to limit genocide. "
The genocide crimes of ISIS gangs in Iraq 2014-2017
Authors: Abdalhusein Almtlak Asmar
Published: August 2022

During the period confined between 2014-2017, the so-called Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) took control of a number of important cities in Iraq, and the organization led a wide campaign of violence and systematic violations of human rights and international law, which amounts to war crimes and crimes against humanity. 0 The Iraqi people were subjected to the largest brutal crime in the history of humanity when these terrorist elements targeted women, children, civilians and minorities, as well as religion and belief, and committed many crimes of genocide against them.
The idea of rooting pluralism among humans
Authors: زين العابدين محمد السندي شوكت
Published: August 2022

"The idea of rooting pluralism among humans, which is diversity in Islamic legislation, is a human instinct, and one of the great signs of God Almighty in creating creation. And that the idea of differential pluralism trains the soul to pardon, tolerance and dialogue with others on the basis of justice, freedom and truth. Pluralism contradicts the odious dictatorial monism of injustice, violence, fanaticism and discrimination, as well as the denial and erasing of the existence of the other. It achieves a sublime goal of permanence of the mind’s actions from understanding and thinking, contemplation and visualization, in order to build a common coexistence and renew life. This research includes three topics: The first topic is rooting the concept of the idea of pluralism from the perspective of the Holy Quran. The second topic is the effects of accepting the idea of positive pluralism on the individual and society. The third topic is criticism and analysis of the idea of unilateralism. "