bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends and Calendar effects in Malaysia’s Stock Market
Authors: Ahmad Al-smadi Ayman Abdalmajeed , Almsafir Mahmoud Khalid , Binti Husni Nur Hanis Hazwani
Published: December 2016

Investing can help a person's wealth to generate more, and investing in stock is proven as one of the most profitable forms of available investment. The benefits gained in stock broking are immediate Buy/Sell which investor can sell part of their investment any time and at low transaction cost. However, investing in stock will require investor to observe the market, as market can be a volatile place and investor need to acquire knowledge of what they actually are doing. This study will discuss the price trends over the year, and how it will get affected by the seasonality in Malaysia, which also known as the calendar effects. The factor to be investigated in this study is the price on holiday’s season, the January effect or any other monthly seasonality. The daily price of KPJ Healthcare Berhad for the year 2011 is the sample was chosen in this study. Further this study, data used is derived from the weak-form efficient markets hypothesis, which is the price history and case study. Regression method is used in this study in order to help achieving the findings. This should be a continuous study, and adding on more other factors, such as wars and economic crises, and traders, investors and other speculators. This paper has proved the existence of calendar anomalies in KPJ's stock price for Chinese New Effect, Aidilfitri Effect and Christmas Effect. However, the price changes are believed more likely due to the investors tormenting about central banks raising interest rates to restrain rising inflation. Other than that, for Aidilfitri Effect and Christmas Effect, further study should be perform since the raise of the stock market, may be due to the world’s stock market begin to be stronger after the European sovereign debt crisis to Spain and Italy in August. Conversely, there are positive returns for January. However, the findings are non-related to the January effect. This is because January effect arises due to tax-loss selling, which Malaysia has a different tax system compared to other countries. Shareholders in Malaysia are not necessary to pay any taxes on the return they gained from share trading.
A Study on the Impact of Airline Corporate Reputation on Brand Loyalty
Authors: Seo Eun-Ju , Park Jin-Woo
Published: December 2016

This study analyzes the impact of airline corporate reputation on brand loyalty. An empirical analysis is carried out via a questionnaire survey of Korean airline passengers. The results from 250 respondents are then investigated using structural equation modeling. Airline corporate reputation is shown to have a significant influence on brand image, price, perceived service quality, and brand preference. In addition, price, perceived service quality, and brand preference have a statistically significant influence on behavioral loyalty and attitudinal loyalty.
Critical Thinking among Post-Graduate Diploma in Education Students in Higher Education: Reality or Fuss?
Authors: Moeti Bakadzi , Killion Mgawi Rabson , Smitta Moalosi Waitshega Tefo
Published: December 2016

Critical thinking is recognised as an influential attribute to achieve quality learning and teaching in higher education institutions world over. This interpretive research study explored the critical thinking among PGDE students at the University of Botswana. The aim of the study was to identify factors contributing to the application of critical thinking among teacher trainees. Data was collected from Cohort 2015/16 PGDE students, through one on one interview with 59 students and 2 focus group discussions comprising five students in each focus group between April to June 2016. The findings revealed that the teacher trainees had a lower description of critical thinking during interviews, but refined during focus group discussions; however, the students were wide aware of factors influencing their inabilities to think critically during their training. These finding clearly indicated that most students were not applying critical thinking during their training. Through the interviews and focus group discussion, the study also identified strategies to promote the application of critical thinking in areas of programme content, teaching and assessment methods and techniques, programme logistics and personal attributes. The findings are instrumental to various key stakeholders. Specifically, the findings inform education institutions, teacher educators and students on how to promote critical thinking during teacher training. The study was qualitative, as such the findings will not be generalised. As such a similar study is recommended among the PGDE and other students but using quantitative and or mixed methods to allow inferences and generalisations.
Anseios de progresso: as decisões da câmara municipal de Alfenas-MG para transformar a paisagem urbana e os costumes locais durante a Primeira República
Authors: Eugênio Alisson
Published: December 2016

Ao longo deste artigo serão analisadas as decisões da Câmara Municipal de Alfenas (por meio de leis aprovadas pelos seus membros) para transformar a paisagem e os costumes locais durante a Primeira República, com o objetivo de mostrar que as elites políticas hegemônicas do município procuraram intervir na cidade e em determinadas práticas de seus habitantes, a fim de adequá-las ao ideal de progresso em voga no Ocidente desde o Iluminismo. Assim, será mostrado que no interior do país, e mesmo em municípios sustentados na economia agropastoril, determinadas iniciativas consideradas modernas foram colocadas em práticas, revelando que suas elites, ou parte delas, estavam sintonizadas com os ideais de modernidade.

 
Da ruptura ao exílio: o confronto político entre Getúlio Vargas e Flores da Cunha em perspectiva (1935-1937)
Authors: Lapuente Rafael Saraiva
Published: December 2016

O presente trabalho procura analisar o processo de ruptura política entre Getúlio Vargas e o governador gaúcho José Antônio Flores da Cunha, ocorrido em 1935, e o posterior confronto entre ambos até 1937, quando Vargas consegue isolar política e militarmente Flores da Cunha, obrigando-o a renunciar e a se exilar no Uruguai. Sua queda do governo estadual foi a última barreira vencida por Vargas para a decretação do Estado Novo, o que faria duas semanas após sua renúncia.
“Uma candidatura de inspiração popular”: a formação da Frente Popular Alagoana (1955)
Authors: Moura Anderson Vieira
Published: December 2016

O objetivo deste texto é analisar a formação da chamada “Frente Popular Alagoana” – coligação formada pelo PSP e PTB para disputar a sucessão governamental de 1955 – além de seus possíveis desdobramentos sociopolíticos. O candidato da frente, Muniz Falcão, ficou marcado pela historiografia local como um “político populista”, carismático e manipulador. O então governador, durante o pleito, o udenista Arnon de Mello, estava sempre invocando o “povo” em seus pronunciamentos, chegando até a defender a classe operária numa entrevista na véspera da eleição. Quem era o “populista”, afinal? E os trabalhadores de Alagoas foram manipulados ou apenas optaram por um candidato? O presente texto procura indicar alguns apontamentos sobre essa questão por meio das reportagens do Jornal de Alagoas, periódico pertencente aos Diários Associados.
A novidade que empolga – O PCB e a Frente Popular Alagoana de 1986
Authors: Costa Rodrigo José da
Published: December 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a participação da Seção Alagoana do Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB-AL) na Frente Popular Alagoana, uma coligação de partidos políticos de esquerda cuja arregimentação visava a disputa das eleições de 15 de novembro de 1986. Composta pelo Partido Socialista Brasileiro (PSB), Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) e Partido Democrático Trabalhista (PDT), a "Frente" procurou se constituir como uma alternativa diante dos dois grandes blocos políticos existentes, capitaneados pelo PMDB e pelo PFL. Procuro abordar os debates e os impasses surgidos na organização da Frente, o posicionamento de seus atores políticos e os desafios enfrentados, principalmente pelo PCB, no cenário político recém-inaugurado da Nova República. Inserido num esforço de pesquisa mais amplo, este trabalho visa contribuir com um período ainda pouco estudado da trajetória pecebista, o período compreendido entre a reorganização do partido no fim da década de 1970 e início da seguinte, um interregno de tempo no qual a agremiação se reestruturou, obteve a legalidade e, por fim, a extinção diante da crise resultante das transformações, tanto internas quanto externas, pelas quais passava o mundo comunista no período em que a Guerra Fria caminhava para o seu fim. Da mesma maneira, procuro adentrar numa temporalidade ainda pouco abordada pelos historiadores, que só recentemente tem dado atenção ao processo de transição o qual restabeleceu o regime liberal democrático no país.
A história marca um gol: aspectos da consciência histórica sobre o futebol amador em São João del-Rei/MG
Authors: Couto Euclides De Freitas , Lage Marcus Vinícius Costa , Gonçalves Lucas Toledo
Published: December 2016

O artigo apresenta reflexões sobre a educação histórica decorrentes da realização do projeto de extensão com interface à pesquisa “A história marca um gol: produção e circulação da memória social do futebol amador em São João del-Rei”. Por meio da análise de narrativas escritas por alunos do Ensino Médio, oriundos de escolas públicas da cidade de São João del-Rei/MG, são avaliadas variáveis que concorrem para elucidar os aspectos relacionados à formação da consciência histórica sobre o futebol amador local.
Análise coleta de esgoto de Contagem/MG: Uma realidade da situação sanitária do município entre os anos de 2010-14 / Analysis of sewage collect from Contagem/MG: A reality of the sanitary situation of the municipality between the years 2010-14
Authors: Santos André Lopes Vilaça , Caldeira Altino Barbosa
Published: December 2016

O presente artigo buscou discutir a coleta de esgoto pela rede oficial da Companhia de Saneamento de Minas Gerais (COPASA), prestadora de serviço responsável por disponibilizar água tratada, além de coletar e tratar o esgoto, para só assim desaguá-lo nos cursos d’água de Contagem/MG. Contagem é um importante município que compõe a Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (RMBH), que vem apresentando contínuos índices de crescimento populacional nos últimos anos, sendo que, a expansão do tecido urbano vem acontecendo também de maneira clandestina, promovendo desta forma, vários impactos ambientais no município, que possui em mais da metade do município, uma Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA), que possui no seu interior um manancial de abastecimento público, a represa de Várzea das Flores. Foram analisados, tabulados e transformados em gráficos, dados do Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento (SNIS) entre os anos de 2010 e 2014, demonstrando que, o município de Contagem precisa de consideráveis avanços na coleta de esgoto, para que haja a redução dos impactos ambientais, e a melhoria da qualidade da água nos cursos d’água e reservatório do município.

 

Palavras-chave: Esgotamento Sanitário, Contagem, Impactos Ambientais, Meio Ambiente

 

Abstract

This paper reason to discuss the sewerage by the official of the Companhia de Saneamento de Minas Gerais (COPASA), service provider responsible for providing treated water, as well as collect and treat sewage, for only then empties it in watercourses water Contagem. Contagem is an important municipality that make up the Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (RMBH), which has been showing continuous population growth rates in recent years, with the expansion of the urban fabric is also happening clandestinely, thus promoting several impacts environmental in the city, which has more than half of the municipality, an Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA), which has in its interior a public water supply, the dam Várzea das Flores. Were analyzed, tabulated and graphed, data of the Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento (SNIS) between the years 2010 and 2014, showing that the city of Contagem need considerable advances in sewerage, so there is a reduction in environmental impacts, and improving water quality in rivers and municipal dam.

 

Keywords: Sewerage, Contagem, Environmental impacts, Environment
Seven scuticociliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Alabama, USA, with descriptions of two parasitic species isolated from a freshwater mussel Potamilus purpuratus
Authors: Pan Xuming
Published: December 2016

Isolates of Mesanophrys cf. carcini Small & Lynn in Aescht, 2001 and Parauronema cf. longum Song, 1995 infected a freshwater mussel (bleufer, Potamilus purpuratus (Lamarck, 1819)) collected from Chewacla Creek, Auburn, Alabama, USA. Free-living specimens of Metanophrys similis (Song, Shang, Chen & Ma, 2002) 2002, Uronema marinum Dujardin, 1841, Uronemita filificum Kahl, 1931, Pleuronema setigerum Calkins, 1902 and Pseudocohnilembus hargisi Evans & Thompson, 1964, were collected from estuarine waters near Orange beach, Alabama. Based on observations of living and silver-impregnated cells, we provide redescriptions as well as comparisons with original descriptions for the seven species. We also comment on the geographic distributions of known populations of these aquatic ciliate species and provide a table reporting some aquatic scuticociliates of the eastern US Gulf Coast.
“The Land of our Origin“: Music and History in the Norway-Azerbaijan Connection
Authors: Solomon Thomas
Published: December 2016

In 1995 Norwegian archaeologist and adventurer Thor Heyerdahl went public with his theory that Scandinavia had been populated by people who had, in the distant past, migrated from present-day Azerbaijan in the Caucasus (Heyerdahl 1995). While academic archaeologists and historians scoffed at Heyerdahl's theories and dismissed them as pseudoscience, the idea that there was an ancient connection between Azerbaijan and Norway, and that the people living in those two nations today might have common ancestors, captured the imaginations of people in both countries. Despite being dismissed by the academic scientific community, Heyerdahl's theories became a source of inspiration for artists, especially musicians. Heyerdahl's speculative approach to research may not have conformed to accepted methodologies for the scientific study of history, but musicians found in Heyerdahl's theories a fruitful point of departure for exploring their purported common past through collaborative artistic projects that prioritized collective creativity based in a common historical imagination. In effect, Heyerdahl's theories became the basis for ways of doing and aestheticizing history through musical practice where the standard for success was based on the production not of verifiable facts, but of aesthetic experiences. This paper provides an account of two of these initiatives. But first I offer some brief remarks on the nature of history, and then a quick overview of Heyerdahl's theories and their critiques.
Negotiating the Personal and Professional: Ethnomusicologistsl and Uncomfortable Truths
Authors: Miller Rebecca S. , Pettan Svanibor , Rasmussen Anne K. , Sarkissian Margaret
Published: December 2016

The panel, “Negotiating the Personal and Professional: Ethnomusicologists and Uncomfortable Truths,” presented at the Forty-third ICTM World Conference in Astana, Kazakhstan, grew out of informal conversations common among ethnomusicologists. As practitioners in our discipline, we are involved in complex webs of experience, relationships, and representations focused around music, broadly defined. Our work is inherently social and, when in the field, we develop close relationships with our teachers and consultants as we become comfortable in our sites of research. We are grateful for priceless access to communities and individuals. The intensity and combination of certain relationships and circumstances, however, can lead to conflicting expectations, unanticipated misunderstanding, and situations of personal and professional conflict.
René Lévesque. La haine du préjugé racial et de l’antisémitisme
Authors: Beaudet Jean-François
Published: December 2016

Profondément marqué par les atrocités nazies dont il sera témoin en 1945 et à travers les diverses relations qu’il entretiendra avec la communauté juive québécoise, René Lévesque développera une sensibilité et une compréhension particulières des réalités juives. Ainsi, tout au long de sa carrière d’homme public, le futur premier ministre du Québec dénoncera vertement toute manifestation d’antisémitisme et de préjugés raciaux. En nous basant notamment sur le contenu de chroniques écrites par Lévesque pour le compte de journaux québécois, nous sommes à même de dégager les principales réflexions sur l’antisémitisme formulées par une des plus importantes figures du nationalisme canadien-français du XXe siècle. En fait, durant la Révolution tranquille et les années subséquentes, René Lévesque cherchera à réconcilier le nationalisme québécois avec une communauté juive qui craint les dérives pouvant accompagner les manifestations nationalistes.
Le Devoir et les Juifs. Complexités d’une relation sans cesse changeante (1910-1963)
Authors: Anctil Pierre
Published: December 2016

L’antisémitisme présent dans les pages du Devoir compte parmi les enjeux historiographiques les plus importants de l’histoire juive canadienne. Le sujet a été discuté de manière passionnée depuis plus d’une trentaine d’années et a fait l’objet d’affirmations contradictoires et souvent fortement médiatisées. Cet article propose d’aborder la question d’une manière différente en analysant systématiquement tous les éditoriaux parus dans le quotidien sur une période de près d’un demi-siècle, soit depuis la fondation du Devoir en 1910 jusqu’à l’arrivée de Claude Ryan à la direction du journal en 1963. Une lecture attentive de près de 16 000 éditoriaux révèle que les Juifs et le judaïsme ont occupé une place somme toute assez mineure dans les pages du Devoir. Pour l’essentiel, les éditorialistes de ce journal ne se sont intéressés à cette question qu’au cours d’une période bien précise des années 1930, soit de 1933 à 1939, et dans un contexte fortement marqué par les persécutions juives en Allemagne nazie. Il n’en reste pas moins que la méfiance envers les Juifs est un élément présent dans Le Devoir jusqu’au milieu des années 1940, et qui apparaît de manière plus explicite au moment de la grande crise économique des années 1930. Dans cet article, l’auteur tente de cerner les raisons qui ont poussé Le Devoir à exprimer des réticences face à une présence juive au Québec, qui ont beaucoup à faire avec l’enseignement doctrinaire de l’Église catholique préconciliaire.
On cross-frequency phase-phase coupling between theta and gamma oscillations in the hippocampus
Authors: Scheffer-Teixeira Robson , Tort Adriano BL
Published: December 2016

Phase-amplitude coupling between theta and multiple gamma sub-bands is a hallmark of hippocampal activity and believed to take part in information routing. More recently, theta and gamma oscillations were also reported to exhibit phase-phase coupling, or n:m phase-locking, suggesting an important mechanism of neuronal coding that has long received theoretical support. However, by analyzing simulated and actual LFPs, here we question the existence of theta-gamma phase-phase coupling in the rat hippocampus. We show that the quasi-linear phase shifts introduced by filtering lead to spurious coupling levels in both white noise and hippocampal LFPs, which highly depend on epoch length, and that significant coupling may be falsely detected when employing improper surrogate methods. We also show that waveform asymmetry and frequency harmonics may generate artifactual n:m phase-locking. Studies investigating phase-phase coupling should rely on appropriate statistical controls and be aware of confounding factors; otherwise, they could easily fall into analysis pitfalls.
High-dynamic-range cross-correlator for shot-to-shot measurement of temporal contrast
Authors: Kon Akira , Nishiuchi Mamiko , Kiriyama Hiromitsu , Ogura Koichi , Mori Michiaki , Sakaki Hironao , Kando Masaki , Kondo Kiminori
Published: December 2016

The temporal contrast of an ultrahigh-intensity laser is a crucial parameter for laser plasma experiments. We have developed a multichannel cross-correlator (MCCC) for single-shot measurements of the temporal contrast in a high-power laser system. The MCCC is based on third-order cross-correlation, and has four channels and independent optical delay lines. We have experimentally demonstrated that the MCCC system achieves a high dynamic range of ∼1012 and a large temporal window of ∼1 ns. Moreover, we were able to measure the shot-to-shot fluctuations of a short-prepulse intensity at −26 ps and long-pulse (amplified spontaneous emission, ASE) intensities at −30, −450, and −950 ps before the arrival of the main pulse at the interaction point.
Pests, diseases and crop protection practices in the smallholder sweetpotato production system of the highlands of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Gurr Geoff M. , Liu Jian , Johnson Anne C. , Woruba Deane N. , Kirchhof Gunnar , Fujinuma Ryosuke , Sirabis William , Jeffery Yapo , Akkinapally Ramakrishna
Published: December 2016

Sweetpotato (Ipomea batatans) is a food crop of global significance. The storage roots and foliage of crop are attacked by a wide range of pests and diseases. Whilst these are generally well controlled in developed countries using approaches such as clean planting material and monitoring with pheromone traps to guide insecticide use, research into methods suitable for developing countries has lagged. In Papua New Guinea (PNG), sweetpotato is grown extensively as a subsistence crop and commercial production as a cash crop is developing. We report results from a survey of 33 smallholder producers located in the Highlands of PNG where the crop is of particular importance. Surveys of interviewees’ crops showed high levels of pest and disease impact to foliage, stems and storage roots, especially in crops that were several years old. Weevils (Curculionidae) were reportedly the most damaging pests and scab (caused by the fungusElisnoe batatus) the most damaging disease. Most producers reported root damage from the former and foliar damage from the latter but the general level of knowledge of pest and disease types was low. Despite the apparency of pest and disease signs and symptoms and recognition of their importance by farmers, a large majority of producers reported practiced no active pest or disease management. This was despite low numbers of farmers reporting use of traditional cultural practices including phytosanitary measures and insecticidal plants that had the scope for far wider use. Only one respondent reported use of insecticide though pesticides were available in nearby cities. This low level of pest and disease management in most cases, likely due to paucity in biological and technical knowledge among growers, hampers efforts to establish food security and constrains the development of sweetpotato as a cash crop.
MicroRNA biogenesis pathway genes polymorphisms and cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: He Jieyu , Zhao Jun , Zhu Wenbo , Qi Daxun , Wang Lina , Sun Jinfang , Wang Bei , Ma Xu , Dai Qiaoyun , Yu Xiaojin
Published: December 2016

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may promote the development and progression of human cancers. Therefore, components of the miRNA biogenesis pathway may play critical roles in human cancer. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or mutations in genes involved in the miRNA biogenesis pathway may alter levels of gene expression, affecting disease susceptibility. Results of previous studies on genetic variants in the miRNA biogenesis pathway and cancer risk were inconsistent. Therefore, a meta-analysis is needed to assess the associations of these genetic variants with human cancer risk. We searched for relevant articles from PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and CBM through Jun 21, 2016. In total, 21 case-control articles met all of the inclusion criteria for the study. Significant associations were observed between cancer risk and theDGCR8polymorphismrs417309G >A (OR 1.22, 95% CI [1.04–1.42]), as well as theDICER1polymorphismrs1057035TT (OR 1.13, 95% CI [1.05–1.22]). These SNPs exhibit high potential as novel diagnostic markers. Future studies with larger sample sizes and more refined analyses are needed to shed more light on these findings.
The effects of the gender-culture interaction on self-reports of depressive symptoms: cross-cultural study among Egyptians and Canadians
Authors: Huang Vivian , Beshai Shadi , Yu Mabel
Published: December 2016

Purpose

Research in depression has revealed differences in the way depressed individuals across cultures report their symptoms. This literature also points to possible differences in symptom reporting patterns between men and women. Using data from a larger dataset (Beshai et al. 2016), the current study examined whether non-depressed and depressed Egyptian and Canadian men and women differed in their self-report of the various domains of the Beck Depression Inventory –II (BDI-II).

Method

We recruited a total of 131 depressed and non-depressed participants from both Egypt (n= 29 depressed;n= 29 non-depressed) and Canada (n= 35 depressed;n= 38 non-depressed). Depression status was ascertained using a structured interview. All participants were asked to complete the BDI-II along with other self-report measures of depression. BDI-II items were divided into two subscales in accordance with Dozois, Dobson & Ahnberg (1998) factor analysis: cognitive-affective and somatic-vegetative subscales.

Results

We found a significant three-way interaction effect on the cognitive-affective (F(1,121) = 9.51,p= .003) and main effect of depression status on somatic-vegetative subscales (F(1,121) = 42.80,p< .001). Post hoc analyses revealed that depressed Egyptian men reported lower scores on the cognitive-affective subscale of the BDI-II compared to their depressed Canadian male counterparts.

Conclusions

These results suggest that males across cultures may differentially report cognitive symptoms of depression. These results also suggest that clinicians and clinical scientists need to further examine the interaction effect of culture and gender when investigating self-reported symptoms of depression.
Wetland monitoring with Global Navigation Satellite System reflectometry
Authors: Nghiem Son V. , Zuffada Cinzia , Shah Rashmi , Chew Clara , Lowe Stephen T. , Mannucci Anthony J. , Cardellach Estel , Brakenridge G. Robert , Geller Gary , Rosenqvist Ake
Published: December 2016

Information about wetland dynamics remains a major missing gap in characterizing, understanding, and projecting changes in atmospheric methane and terrestrial water storage. A review of current satellite methods to delineate and monitor wetland change shows some recent advances, but much improved sensing technologies are still needed for wetland mapping, not only to provide more accurate global inventories but also to examine changes spanning multiple decades. Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry (GNSS‐R) signatures from aircraft over the Ebro River Delta in Spain and satellite measurements over the Mississippi River and adjacent watersheds demonstrate that inundated wetlands can be identified under different vegetation conditions including a dense rice canopy and a thick forest with tall trees, where optical sensors and monostatic radars provide limited capabilities. Advantages as well as constraints of GNSS‐R are presented, and the synergy with various satellite observations are considered to achieve a breakthrough capability for multidecadal wetland dynamics monitoring with frequent global coverage at multiple spatial and temporal scales.
Effect of a sheared flow on iceberg motion and melting
Authors: FitzMaurice A. , Straneo F. , Cenedese C. , Andres M.
Published: December 2016

Icebergs account for approximately half the freshwater flux into the ocean from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets and play a major role in the distribution of meltwater into the ocean. Global climate models distribute this freshwater by parameterizing iceberg motion and melt, but these parameterizations are presently informed by limited observations. Here we present a record of speed and draft for 90 icebergs from Sermilik Fjord, southeastern Greenland, collected in conjunction with wind and ocean velocity data over an 8 month period. It is shown that icebergs subject to strongly sheared flows predominantly move with the vertical average of the ocean currents. If, as typical in iceberg parameterizations, only the surface ocean velocity is taken into account, iceberg speed and basal melt may have errors in excess of 60%. These results emphasize the need for parameterizations to consider ocean properties over the entire iceberg draft.
Use of spherical elementary currents to map the polar current systems associated with the geomagnetic sudden commencements on 2013 and 2015 St. Patrick's Day storms
Authors: Marsal S. , Torta J. M. , Segarra A. , Araki T.
Published: December 2016

Araki's model of geomagnetic sudden commencements (SCs) establishes that the ground magnetic signatures globally observed after the onset produced by an increased solar wind dynamic pressure impacting on the Earth's magnetosphere are caused by the setting up of a system of electric currents in the coupled magnetosphere‐ionosphere. This current system consists of a particular evolving set of magnetopause currents closing in the ionosphere through geomagnetic field‐aligned currents (FACs) and their induced counterpart. The present paper confirms the starting assumptions of the referred model by use of spherical elementary current systems (SECS), namely, the existence of FACs reversing polarity during the first couple of minutes of the SC. It is the first time that SECS have been applied to the study of SCs. The method has been fed with data from more than 100 stations of the global network of geomagnetic observatories and variometer sites in the northern hemisphere so as to provide a reliable pattern of the equivalent current system flowing at ionospheric heights on the occasion of the SCs associated with the 2013 and 2015 St. Patrick's Day storms. The combined analysis of solar wind data and the synoptic view of the SC current patterns provided by SECS allows it to explain some of the differences observed between both events.
Study on the relationship between the residual 27 day quasiperiodicity and ionospheric Q disturbances
Authors: Chen Zhou , Wang Jing‐Song , Deng Xiaohua , Deng Yue , Huang Chun‐Ming , Li Hai Meng , Wu Zhi Xu
Published: December 2016

In this paper, the relationship between the residual 27 day quasiperiodicity (QP) and Q disturbances is studied using three methods. Two Q disturbances identified by the monthly median method (MMM) and the commonly used 27 day running median centered method (RMC) show significant diurnal variation but are seen quiet in the same period when the spectral whitening method (SWM) is used. Further analysis indicates that diurnally varying Q disturbance events tend to appear in the extreme value position (EVP) of QP, which are the Q disturbance events related to QP. And their percentages are 81.8% for RMC and 95.6% for MMM but 0% for SWM. By studying the power spectrum, it suggests that the QP is the significant frequency component in the frequency domain of RfoF2‐RMC and RfoF2‐MMM (RfoF2 denotes to the relative deviation of foF2). However, there are no obvious periodic components in RfoF2‐SWM. Finally, to further verify whether the QP can contribute to common Q disturbance events, band‐pass filtering is used to extract the QP at different stations. The occurrence percentages of Q disturbances in the EVP of QP thus obtained with MMM and RMC are higher than with SWM for 90% of the stations. In addition, the average occurrence percentage based on RMC (37.5%) is also significantly higher than the percentage of EVP (23.2%). These findings suggest that the limitations of traditional methods lead to a significant QP in their results and that this residual QP may cause artificial Q disturbances.
Evidence for periodic variations in the thickness of Saturn's nightside plasma sheet
Authors: Thomsen M. F. , Jackman C. M. , Cowley S. W. H. , Jia X. , Kivelson M. G. , Provan G.
Published: December 2016

During certain portions of the Cassini mission to Saturn, Cassini made repeated and periodic crossings of the magnetospheric current sheet that lies near the magnetic equator and extends well down the magnetospheric tail. These repeated crossings are part of the puzzling set of planetary period variations in numerous magnetospheric properties that have been discovered at Saturn. During 2010 these periodic crossings often display asymmetries such that the northbound crossing occurs faster than the southbound crossing or vice versa, while at other times the crossings are more symmetric. The character of the crossings is well organized by the relative phase of the northern versus southern perturbation currents inferred in earlier analyses of the magnetic field observations. Further, the dependence of the character of the crossings on the relative phase is consistent with similar asymmetries predicted both by the dual rotating current systems inferred from magnetic field observations and by global MHD models that incorporate the effects of hypothesized atmospheric vortices. The two models are themselves in generally good agreement on those predictions. In both models the asymmetries are attributable to a periodic thickening and thinning of the magnetospheric current sheet, combined with a periodic vertical flapping of the sheet. The Cassini observations thus provide additional observational support to such current systems as a likely explanation for many of the known magnetospheric planetary period variations.
An empirical model of ion plasma in the inner magnetosphere derived from CRRES/MICS measurements
Authors: Claudepierre S. G. , Chen M. W. , Roeder J. L. , Fennell J. F.
Published: December 2016

We describe an empirical model of energetic ion plasma (∼20–400 keV/q) that is constructed from measurements taken by the Magnetospheric Ion Composition Spectrometer (MICS) instrument that flew on the CRRES spacecraft. This is a unique data set in that it provides energetic ion composition in the near‐equatorial ring current region during a very active solar maximum. The model database is binned by energy, equatorial pitch angle, L shell, and magnetic local time and provides unidirectional, differential number fluxes of the major ionic constituents of the inner magnetosphere, such as protons (H+), singly charged oxygen (O+), and singly charged helium (He+). The H+ and O+ model fluxes are examined in detail and are consistent with well‐known particle transport effects (e.g., adiabatic heating). We also validate these model fluxes against a number of other ion plasma models that are available in the literature. The primary finding is the elevated levels of energetic O+ flux during the CRRES era. We attribute this to a solar cycle effect, related to the enhanced upwelling and oxygen outflow from the ionosphere that occurs during solar maximum, driven by elevated solar extreme ultraviolet radiation. We briefly discuss the implications that the enhanced O+ environment during the CRRES era may have for other results derived from CRRES observations (e.g., statistical wave distributions).
Multiple subtropical stratospheric intrusions over Reunion Island: Observational, Lagrangian, and Eulerian numerical modeling approaches
Authors: Vérèmes H. , Cammas J.‐P. , Baray J.‐L. , Keckhut P. , Barthe C. , Posny F. , Tulet P. , Dionisi D. , Bielli S.
Published: December 2016

Signatures of multiple stratospheric intrusions were observed on simultaneous and collocated ozone and water vapor profiles retrieved by lidars and radiosondes at the Maïdo Observatory, Reunion Island (21°S, 55°E, 2160 m above sea level), during MAïdo LIdar Calibration CAmpaign in April 2013. A singular structure of the ozone vertical profile with three peaks (in excess of 90 ppbv, at ~8, ~10, and ~13 km altitude) embedded in a thick dry layer of air suggested stratospheric intrusions with multiple origins. The hypothesis is corroborated by a synoptic analysis based on re‐analyses. European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts ERA‐Interim temporal series associated with 5 days Lagrangian back trajectories initialized on each ozone peak allows to capture their stratospheric origin. The ozone peak at the lowest altitude is associated with an irreversible tropopause folding process along the polar jet stream during an extratropical cutoff low formation. Simultaneous lidar water vapor profiles of this peak show that the anticorrelation with ozone has been removed, due to mixing processes. Back trajectories indicate that the two other ozone peaks observed at higher altitudes are associated with the dynamics of the subtropical jet stream and the lower stratosphere. The observations confirm the recent stratospheric origins. The highest ozone peak is explained by the horizontal distribution of the intrusion. Use of a Lagrangian Reverse Domain Filling model and of the Meso‐NH Eulerian mesoscale model with a passive stratospheric tracer allow to further document the stratosphere‐troposphere transport processes and to describe the detailed potential vorticity and ozone structures in which are embedded in the observed multiple stratospheric intrusions.
A study of National Lightning Detection Network responses to natural lightning based on ground truth data acquired at LOG with emphasis on cloud discharge activity
Authors: Zhu Y. , Rakov V. A. , Tran M. D. , Nag A.
Published: December 2016

The U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) detection efficiency (DE) and classification accuracy (CA) for cloud discharge (IC) activity (identified here by a sequence of non‐return‐stroke‐type electric field pulses not accompanied by channels to ground) were evaluated using optical and electric field data acquired at the LOG (Lightning Observatory in Gainesville), Florida. Our ground truth “IC events” include 26 “isolated IC events” (complete IC flashes), 58 “IC events before first return stroke,” and 69 “IC events after first return stroke.” For the total of 153 IC events, 33% were detected by the NLDN, and the classification accuracy was 86%. For complete IC flashes, the detection efficiency and classification accuracy were 73% and 95%, respectively, and the average number of NLDN‐reported cloud pulses was 2.9 per detected event. For 24 preliminary breakdown pulse trains in CG flashes, the detection efficiency and classification accuracy were 46% and 82%, respectively. We have additionally estimated the DE and CA for return strokes in CG flashes. Irrespective of stroke order and polarity, the DE was 92% (339/367), and the CA was also 92% (312/339). The DEs for negative first and subsequent strokes were 98% and 90%, respectively.
Porous Nanomaterials for Ultrabroadband Omnidirectional Anti‐Reflection Surfaces with Applications in High Concentration Photovoltaics
Authors: Yao Yuan , Lee Kyu‐Tae , Sheng Xing , Batara Nicolas A. , Hong Nina , He Junwen , Xu Lu , Hussain Muhammad M. , Atwater Harry A. , Lewis Nathan S. , Nuzzo Ralph G. , Rogers John A.
Published: December 2016

Materials for nanoporous coatings that exploit optimized chemistries and self‐assembly processes offer capabilities to reach ≈98% transmission efficiency and negligible scattering losses over the broad wavelength range of the solar spectrum from 350 nm to 1.5 µm, on both flat and curved glass substrates. These nanomaterial anti‐reflection coatings also offer wide acceptance angles, up to ±40°, for both s‐ and p‐polarization states of incident light. Carefully controlled bilayer films have allowed for the fabrication of dual‐sided, gradient index profiles on plano‐convex lens elements. In concentration photovoltaics platforms, the resultant enhancements in the photovoltaics efficiencies are ≈8%, as defined by experimental measurements on systems that use microscale triple‐junction solar cells. These materials and their applications in technologies that require control over interface reflections have the potential for broad utility in imaging systems, photolithography, light‐emitting diodes, and display technologies.
Synthetic Studies Toward the Crassifoside F: Synthesis of Oxygen‐Rich Bicyclic Core
Authors: Maurya Sushil K.
Published: December 2016

An approach to the total synthesis of crassifoside F, a natural product isolated from Curculigo crassifolia with ACE (angiotensin‐converting enzyme) inhibitory activity, has been developed. An intramolecular SN2 reaction has been employed as the key reaction to construct the central oxygen rich core. The glucosyl‐fused eight‐membered cyclic skeleton present in this natural product is unique and has been formed via a AuI catalyzed novel glycosidation reaction using a 1,2‐propargyl orthoester and different asymmetric reactions. Moreover, this ring has been selected as a handle to control the stereochemistry.
Highly Selective Synergistic Copper(I/II)‐Catalyzed A3 Cross Coupling/Decarboxylative A3 Domino Reactions in Water
Authors: Feng Huangdi , Zhao Panfeng , Huang Liliang , Sun Zhihua , Tong Minchao
Published: December 2016

A microwave‐assisted copper‐catalyzed A3 cross‐coupling/decarboxylative A3 domino reaction of a propiolic acid, an aldehyde, a formaldehyde solution and an amine is described. This strategy represents the first one‐pot cross‐coupling reaction for the direct synthesis of trisubstituted unsymmetrical 2‐butynes with a broad functional group tolerance in good yields (up to 91 %) and excellent chemoselectivity. The simultaneous activation of both the C−COOH and C−H bond of propiolic acid is crucial in this approach, and only carbon dioxide and water are generated as byproducts.
Catalysis‐Driven Self‐Thermophoresis of Janus Plasmonic Nanomotors
Authors: Qin Weiwei , Peng Tianhuan , Gao Yanjing , Wang Fei , Hu Xiaocai , Wang Kun , Shi Jiye , Li Di , Ren Jicun , Fan Chunhai
Published: December 2016

It is highly demanding to design active nanomotors that can move in response to specific signals with controllable rate and direction. A catalysis‐driven nanomotor was constructed by designing catalytically and plasmonically active Janus gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), which generate an asymmetric temperature gradient of local solvent surrounding NPs in catalytic reactions. The self‐thermophoresis behavior of the Janus nanomotor is monitored from its inherent plasmonic response. The diffusion coefficient of the self‐thermophoresis motion is linearly dependent on chemical reaction rate, as described by a stochastic model.
A framework to quantify karyotype variation associated with CHO cell line instability at a single‐cell level
Authors: Baik Jong Youn , Lee Kelvin H.
Published: December 2016

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, the major mammalian host cells for biomanufacturing of therapeutic proteins, have been extensively investigated to enhance productivity and product quality. However, cell line instability resulting in unexpected changes in productivity or product quality continues to be a challenge. Based on previous reports about causes and characteristics of production instability, we hypothesized that chromosomal rearrangements due to genomic instability are associated with production instability and that these events can be characterized. We developed a production instability model using secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP)‐expressing CHO cells (CHO‐SEAP) as well as a framework to quantify chromosomal rearrangements by karyotyping. In the absence of methotrexate (MTX), CHO‐SEAP cells exhibited a slightly increased growth rate, a significantly decreased specific productivity, and changes in the chromosomal rearrangement ratio of seven chromosomes. In contrast, when MTX was re‐introduced, the growth rate and SEAP productivity reversed to the initial values, demonstrating the reversibility of production instability in CHO‐SEAP cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis identified that the SEAP genes were incorporated in the chromosomal rearrangement (insertion) part of the der(Z9) chromosome. Karyotype analysis indicated that the insertion ratio of the der(Z9) chromosome decreased in the CHO‐SEAP cells grown without MTX, demonstrating a correlation between chromosomal rearrangement and production instability. Our results support a mechanism for production instability, wherein a randomly generated chromosomal rearrangement (or genotype) results in cells with a growth advantage that is also associated with non (or low)‐producing traits. As a result, the non‐producing cells grow faster and thereby outgrow the producing population. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1045–1053. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Facile Synthesis of Pd@Pt3–4L Core–Shell Octahedra with a Clean Surface and Thus Enhanced Activity toward Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Bao Shixiong , Vara Madeline , Yang Xuan , Zhou Shan , Figueroa‐Cosme Legna , Park Jinho , Luo Ming , Xie Zhaoxiong , Xia Younan
Published: December 2016

The presence of a capping agent or stabilizer in the synthesis of colloidal metal nanocrystals will compromise their performance if employed as electrocatalysts. Herein we demonstrate the synthesis of Pd@Pt3–4L core–shell octahedral nanocrystals with greatly enhanced activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction by eliminating the use of any capping agent or stabilizer. This was achieved by employing Pd octahedral seeds with well‐defined {1 1 1} facets and by dispersing them on a carbon black support prior to Pt deposition. Upon optimization of the reaction conditions, Pt ultrathin shells could be conformally deposited on the Pd octahedral seeds in a layer‐by‐layer fashion without involving self‐nucleation or island growth for the Pt atoms. The as‐obtained octahedral Pd@Pt3–4L/C catalyst exhibited a specific activity 50 % greater than that of a reference sample prepared in the presence of a polymer stabilizer such as poly(vinyl pyrrolidone). The polymer‐free catalyst also showed 5‐fold enhancement in specific activity if benchmarked against a commercial Pt/C catalyst.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell with a Pt‐free Cathode and a Freely Diffusing Electron Acceptor
Authors: Thimmappa Ravikumar , Kottaichamy Alagar Raja , Devendrachari Mruthyunjayachari Chattanahalli , Aralekallu Shambulinga , Shafi Shahid Pottachola , Gautam Manu , Kotresh Harish Makri Nimbegondi , Thotiyl Musthafa Ottakam
Published: December 2016

In a fuel cell, almost 80% efficiency loss arises due to the cathode; consequently, the cathode requires the largest amount of precious metal catalyst. Here, we show a precious‐metal‐free cathode for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) containing only carbon nanoparticles as the catalyst and a freely diffusing molecule as the electron acceptor. Factors controlling the true rate of electrochemical reactions are amplified just by using carbon nanoparticles, leading to a carbon corrosion‐free PEMFC delivering 154 mW/cm2 at 358 mA/cm2 without any precious metals.