bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HYPERION: Broad-band X-ray-to-near-infrared emission of quasars in the first billion years of the Universe
Authors: Saccheo I. , Bongiorno A. , Piconcelli E. , Zappacosta L. , Bischetti M. , D’Odorico V. , Done C. , Temple M. J. , Testa V. , Tortosa A. , Brusa M. , Carniani S. , Civano F. , Comastri A. , Cristiani S. , De Cicco D. , Elvis M. , Fan X. , Feruglio C. , Fiore F. , Gallerani S. , Giallongo E. , Gilli R. , Grazian A. , Guainazzi M. , Haardt F. , Maiolino R. , Menci N. , Miniutti G. , Nicastro F. , Paolillo M. , Puccetti S. , Salvestrini F. , Schneider R. , Tombesi F. , Tripodi R. , Valiante R. , Vallini L. , Vanzella E. , Vietri G. , Vignali C. , Vito F. , Volonteri M. , La Franca F.
Published: December 2024

Aims. We aim to characterize the X-ray-to-optical/near-infrared(NIR) broad-band emission of luminous quasars (QSOs) in the first gigayear (Gyr) of cosmic evolution in order to decipher whether or not they exhibit differences compared to the lower-z QSO population. Our goal is also to provide a reliable and uniform catalog of derivable properties for these objects (from fitting their spectral energy distribution), such as bolometric and monochromatic luminosities, Eddington ratios, dust extinction, and the strength of the hot dust emission.

Methods. We gathered all available photometry –from XMM-Newton proprietary data in X-rays to rest-frame NIR wavelengths– for the 18 QSOs in the HYPERION samples (6.0 ≤ z ≤ 7.5). For sources lacking uniform NIR coverage, we conducted NIR observations in the J, H, and K bands. To increase the statistical robustness of our analysis across the UV-to-NIR region, we add 36 additional sources to our sample from the E-XQR-30 sample with 5.7 ≲ z ≲ 6.6. We characterized the X-ray/UV emission of each QSO using average SEDs from luminous Type 1 sources and calculated bolometric and monochromatic luminosities. Finally, we constructed a mean SED extending from the X-rays to the NIR bands.

Results. We find that the UV-optical emission of these QSOs can be modeled with templates of z ∼ 2 luminous QSOs. We observe that the bolometric luminosities derived while adopting some bolometric corrections at 3000 Å (BC3000 Å) largely used in the literature are slightly overestimated, by 0.13 dex, as they also include reprocessed IR emission. We estimate a revised value of BC3000 Å = 3.3, which can be used to derive Lbol in z ≥ 6 QSOs. We provide a subsample of 11 QSOs with rest-frame NIR photometry; these show a broad range of hot dust emission strength, with two sources exhibiting low levels of emission. Despite potential observational biases arising from nonuniform photometric coverage and selection biases, we produce an X-ray-to-NIR mean SED for QSOs at z ≳ 6 that is a good match to templates of lower-redshift, luminous QSOs up to the UV–optical range, with a slightly enhanced contribution from hot dust in the NIR.
Development and characterisation of Ti-6Al-4V additively manufactured compact counter-flow heat exchangers
Authors: Venter Schübel , Jacobs Gys
Published: December 2024

Heat exchangers are an invaluable part of producing and managing energy. Additive manufacturing (AM) is an attractive technology for the manufacturing of compact heat exchangers. The study assesses the capability of AM for producing compact heat exchangers utilising current theory, with the paper reporting on the experimental characterisation results of additively manufactured Ti6Al4V heat exchangers [1]. A theoretical model was developed using Engineering Equation Solver (EES™) to size three heat exchangers with different channel sizes and the same target heat transfer capacity of 2 kW. The three heat exchangers were developed using CAD and manufactured at the Centre for Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing (CRPM). The testing and characterisation of the heat exchangers were conducted using a purpose-built test bench. The experimental results are validated against those from mathematical models and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations.
Structural, thermodynamic, magnetic, electronic, and mechanical properties of the hexagonal Mn3Ir: An ab initio study
Authors: Maxhayi Sikho , Lethole Ndanduleni , Diale Ramogohlo , Phasha Maje
Published: December 2024

The current study has employed ab initio density functional theory (DFT) simulations to investigate the thermodynamic, magnetic, electronic, and mechanical behaviour of the hexagonal ordered P63/mmc- Mn3Ir alloy at 0 K. This material is highly desirable for application in spintronic devices due to the intrinsic spin Hall effect (SHE). Our results showed that Mn3Ir is thermodynamically and mechanically stable at 0 K. Moreover, it possesses zero magnetic moment which may lead to a high anomalous Hall effect, high permeability and low intrinsic coercivity.
Effect of V and Ni addition on the Ti-Pt shape memory alloys for high temperature applications
Authors: Modiba Rosinah.
Published: December 2024

Currently, high temperature shape memory alloys (HTSMA) are in great demand for their development and commercialization. The titanium- platinum (TiPt) alloy is the most attractive and promising HTSMA for aerospace and automobile applications due to its high transformation temperature of above 1300 K. The binary TiPt alloy has been found to show a limited shape memory capacity due to a lower critical stress needed for slip deformation rather than martensitic transformation. Incorporating alloying elements has been recommended as a method to enhance both the mechanical properties and shape memory effect of the binary TiPt alloy but may alter the transformation temperature. In this study, the effect of vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni) on the B2 TiPt alloy is investigated using first principle approach. The structural and elastic properties of the alloys are determined. The addition of both V and Ni was found to be stabilizing the cubic beta phase with a positive tetragonal shear C՛ observed. In addition, the density of states of the structures are presented.
Investigation of the microstructural, mechanical and electrochemical properties of AlCuFeNiTi high entropy alloys produced via arc melting for energy storage applications
Authors: Dada Modupeola , Popoola Patricia , Adeyoye Abidemi , Ntanzi Lindokuhle
Published: December 2024

The industrial need for stronger, lighter materials has led to a rise in research interest in high entropy alloys, or HEAs, over the past twelve years. Researchers are manipulating the composition of these alloys to enhance the mechanical properties of HEAs. From an industrial perspective, the presence of precipitates negatively influences the mechanical properties, due to the limited solid solubility of high entropy alloys, along with the alloying process. Therefore, to improve the properties of AlCuFeNi high entropy alloy, this study aims to investigates the influence of Titanium Ti on the microstructure, hardness and corrosion, properties of AlCuFeNi high entropy alloy produced via arc melting for energy storage devices. The results showed that the alloys had solid solutions with small face-centered cubic structure and Body centered cubic structure phases. All the samples had the same distribution of dendritic structures. sample AlCuFeNiTi0.3 (L3) had the highest nanohardness of 75 GPa and elastic modulus of 450 GPa because of its BCC structure. L3 exhibited the highest corrosion resistance with the lowest corrosion rate 1.457E-6 mm/yr. During hardening, passivation layers were formed, which increased corrosion resistance. The L3 sample mechanical qualities and stability make it a potential supporting component for electric vehicles and hybrids. In addition, it might find applications in medical devices, low-power applications, energy storage systems, industrial batteries, and backup power supplies. It is a good option for a range of energy-related applications, because of its electrochemical stability and long-term stability.
Plasma spheroidisation of Inconel 718
Authors: Makhofane Milton M. , Bissett Hertzog , Kolesnikov Andrei V. , Premlall Kasturie , van der Merwe Ryno
Published: December 2024

In this study, size fractions of 45-63 µm and 63-75 µm, irregular shaped Inconel 718 powders were spheroidised utilising the Tekna plasma system. The effect of plasma power and powder feed rate on the percentage spheroidisation of Inconel powder particles were investigated. The results proved that the Tekna plasma system can effectively spheroidise irregular shaped Inconel 718 powder particles. The flowability of the spheroidised Inconel 718 powder was significantly improved.
Development of a low-cost winch-controlled probe to generate temperature profiles of aquatic environments
Authors: Wu Zhengqiu , van Niekerk Theo , Young Andrew
Published: December 2024

Oceans and lakes represent aquatic habitats harbouring numerous scientific mysteries and crucial ecological data. Temperature profiles within these water bodies play fundamental roles in understanding their dynamic nature and environmental changes. This research focuses on the development of a winch-controlled temperature probe system integrated on an autonomous boat, with sensors, microcontrollers, safety mechanisms and navigation. Testing showcased the system's capability to acquire temperature profiles in relatively shallow waters while compensating for heaving motions. The results obtained from the experiments confirm overall system development, highlighting the dynamic thermal distribution within the lake environment and understanding the underlying factors driving these fluctuations.
Lowering reinforcement learning barriers for quadruped locomotion in the task space
Authors: Cooke Lauren , Fisher Callen
Published: December 2024

In contrast to traditional methods like model predictive control (MPC), deep reinforcement learning (DRL) offers a simpler and less model- intensive option to develop quadruped locomotion policies. However, DRL presents a steep learning curve and a large barrier to entry for novice researchers. This is partly due to research that fails to include comprehensive implementation details. Moreover, DRL requires making numerous design choices, such as selecting the appropriate action and observation spaces, designing reward functions, and setting policy update frequencies, which may not be intuitive to new researchers. This paper aims to facilitate entry into reinforcement learning simulations by illuminating design choices and offering comprehensive implementation details. Results demonstrate that training a quadruped robot in the task space yields natural locomotion and increased sample efficiency compared to conventional joint space frameworks. Furthermore, the results highlight the interdependence and interrelation of the action space, observation space, terrain, reward function, policy frequency, and simulation termination conditions.
Evaluation and computational design of Ni25Al25Co15Fe15Ti8Mn7Cr5 high entropy alloy using THERMOCALC
Authors: Olorundaisi Emmanuel , J Babalola Bukola , Anamu Ufoma S. , Teffo Moipone L. , Ogunmefun Anthony O. , Odetola Peter , Olubambi Peter A.
Published: December 2024

There has been a global demand for cutting-edge materials characterized by exceptional high-temperature performance, lightweight, and cost-effective. This study provides accurate and reliable predictions that can aid in the understanding of the material’s phase and thermo-mechanical properties. The phase formation and total hardness of Ni25Al25Co15Fe15Ti8Mn7Cr5 High Entropy Alloy (HEA) was investigated using THERMOCALC software version 2021b with the TCHEA5 HEAs database. The result shows the presence of BCC, SIGMA, and HEUSLER phases. The activity of the alloying elements shows Ni and Al to be stable at high temperatures, implying that excellent mechanical properties are expected at high temperatures.
Analysing phase change of LiTi2(PO4)3 solid electrolyte material due to temperature variation
Authors: Maake Lisbon , Shibiri Beauty , Ngoepe Phuti , Ledwaba Raesibe
Published: December 2024

The NASICON-type lithium titanium phosphate (LTP) solid electrolyte is the most promising solid-state electrolyte because of its wide chemical window and excellent chemical stability. Despite its potential, the electronic conductivity of LTP remains too low for practical use; this hampers its commercialisation and further advancement of solid electrolyte technologies. As such, enhancing their electronic conductivity to improve stability and safety during cycling is imperative. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations under the NVE, NVT, NPT, and NST statistical ensembles, were performed using the DL_POLY code to investigate the thermodynamic and structural properties of the LiTi2(PO4)3 structure. Temperature variation calculations on the simulated LiTi2(PO4)3 structure revealed that the total energy increases with the increasing temperature under various ensembles. A transition from crystalline to amorphous state was observed between 2500 K and 2800 K under the NST ensemble. This transition corresponds with reported amorphous temperatures from the literature. The radial distribution functions of the simulated LiTi2(PO4)3 structure under the NST ensembles exhibit substantial peak broadening after 2500 K, which further confirms the successful amorphisation of the structure. These findings indicate that the NST is the most suitable ensemble to carry out atomistic simulation investigations for the LiTi2(PO4)3 structure at the nanoscale.
The ab-initio study of the phase stability of β-TiNb alloys using the supercell and virtual crystal approximation approaches
Authors: Nkomo Duduzile , Mostert Roelf , Phasha Maje
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the use of supercell (SC) and virtual crystal approximation (VCA) approaches within density functional theory-based first-principles calculations to study binary Ti-Nb alloys' structural and thermodynamic properties. Regarding the available experimental data and phase diagram, the SC results showed inconsistency whilst the VCA yielded a similar trend to the experimental data. Therefore, this indicated that VCA using norm-conserving pseudopotentials is appropriate for predicting metastable binary Ti-Nb solid-solutions properties.
Ab initio density functional theory of Fe5Ni4S8 (022) and (400) surfaces
Authors: Molala Kgwajana , Mehlape Mofuti , Ngoepe Phuti , Mkhonto Prince
Published: December 2024

In the present study we used density functional theory (DFT) to study compare stability of Fe5Ni4S8 (022) and (400) surfaces by investigating their structural and electronic properties. Structural optimization for possible terminations of both (022) and (400) surfaces were performed. There were six different possible terminations in the case of the (022) surface, with two being non-dipolar and 3 terminations for (400). These slab surfaces were obtained by cleaving the optimized bulk Fe5Ni4S8 structures. Slabs were separated from replicas repeating by a vacuum width of 20 Å. Different terminations were tested and only considered the non- dipole surfaces. The calculated surface energy of (022) was less than that of (400), which suggested that (022) surface was the most stable surface, and thus the pentlandite (Pn) mineral is likely to cleave through (022) surfaces during crushing. The EF fell into the pseudo gap for both surfaces suggesting electronic stability. The electron charge density showed high charge density centred on Ni atoms more than on the Fe atoms, predicting more charge transfer from Ni atoms to S atoms.
Experimental and computational surface roughness analysis of aluminium silicon 12 (AlSi12) produced by powder bed fusion for transport applications
Authors: Bibili Nzengue Alliance Gracia , Mpofu Khumbulani , Mathe Ntombizodwa Ruth , Muvunzi Rumbidzai
Published: December 2024

Surface roughness influences the mechanical performance of a part. A rougher surface is prone to cracks and corrosion due to increased friction and harsh environments in transport applications. Given that surface irregularities are difficult to control, post-processing is critical to improving the surface roughness. In this study, post-processing treatment such as the vibratory polishing process was used with different media to investigate the surface roughness parameters, arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) and the maximum depth of the roughness valley (Rv) of AlSi12 produced by the powder bed fusion technique. Two measuring instruments; Gwyddion and Stylus Profilometer were used for the collection of data. The analysis of the results demonstrated that the measurements taken from the experimental setup using the stylus profilometer are complementary with those taken from the computational using the Gwyddion software. The findings suggested that the vibratory polishing technique significantly reduced the surface roughness of additively manufactured AlSi12. This study provides insights into ensuring the performance and reliability of component surface properties for applications in the transport industry.
Evaluation of nanoparticle fabrication for improved localized surface plasmon resonance response
Authors: Mcoyi Michael , Mpofu Kelvin , Lugongolo Masixole , Williamson Carolyn , Ombinda-Lemboumba Saturnin , Mthunzi-Kufa Patience
Published: December 2024

Due to their versatility, gold nanoparticles are becoming more popular in biosensing applications. Some of the advantages include the use of fabrication, inexpensive, and highly compatible with portable point-of- care medical diagnostics. The fabrication of nanoparticles is usually straightforward and can be easily performed in low-cost settings. In biosensing, light interacting with nanoparticles produces a collective oscillation of electrons known as the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). However, noble nanoparticles in LSPR-based biosensors have limitations including The limit of detection and sensitivity remain the two major challenges. In this study, gold nanoparticles were immobilized through a butanol-induced self-assembly process to improve sensitivity. In this approach, in DNA hybridization experiment we increased LSPR peak shifts, using simulation data sets, from 0.005 nm to 0.3 nm. We detected complementary hybridization between a target DNA and a capture probe, and partial complementary hybridization between a target DNA and a capture probe. The data acquired from the study suggests that the nanoparticle immobilization through a butanol-induced approach resulted in the in-house built LSPR system’s increased sensitivity in detecting nano- scale biological hybridization. This study will contribute to developing a point-of-care HIV-1 drug-resistance mutation detection device.
Optimal dynamic pricing and green design under carbon-reduction competition considering social influence
Authors: Han Xiaoya , Yang Xinyuan , Liu Xin
Published: December 2024

The concept of green design is a design idea that focuses on environmental protection and sustainability. Green design has become the core competitiveness of enterprises. This paper explores competitive pricing and green design strategy of firms in the context of carbon reduction. In the analysis of the effect of social influence, consumer environmental awareness is also considered. And two research scenarios are examined: Price competition in single carbon reduction scenario; Competition in pricing and green level under dual carbon reduction scenario. The results indicate that social influence and consumer environmental awareness interactively and significantly affect corporate decisions; Social influence positively promotes firms’ profit and is not always disadvantageous for competitors’ profit; In equilibrium, when one firm makes a green transformation, it achieves the win-win situation of not only improving environmental performance but also maximizing economic benefits. However, the induced environmental improvements and economic benefits of competitive enterprises are not necessarily ideal. The study results provide optimal strategies for competitive and environmental actions of enterprises, and also provide management insight for the sustainable development of enterprises.
Systematic review of research on reality technology-based forest education
Authors: Mercan Gamze , Varol Selçuk Zümrüt
Published: December 2024

This systematic review explores the effectiveness of reality technology programs, such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), in enhancing forest education. By evaluating 13 selected studies from various academic databases, this research examines both the cognitive and affective outcomes of incorporating reality technologies into forest-related educational programs. The findings reveal that AR and VR significantly improve learning experiences by fostering deeper cognitive understanding and emotional engagement with forest environments and ecological concepts. Specifically, augmented reality was found to be highly effective in facilitating interactive, two-way communication, making learning more accessible and engaging for students. Additionally, virtual reality programs offered immersive experiences that enhanced participants’ emotional connection to the subject matter. Both technologies contributed to overcoming traditional barriers in forest education, such as geographic limitations and resource constraints. The cognitive effects were reported in 90% of the studies, while affective benefits were evident in 100% of the cases. This review underscores the transformative potential of reality technology in making forest education more dynamic, inclusive, and effective, providing valuable insights for educators and researchers looking to further explore the integration of AR and VR in educational settings. These findings offer a solid foundation for future research and the practical application of reality technologies in environmental education.
Study regarding the knowledge & understanding domain in the physical education classes
Authors: Iconomescu Teodora Mihaela , Talaghir Laurentiu-Gabriel , Enache Ion-Sebastian , Rus Cristian-Mihail
Published: December 2024

The Physical Education (PE) lesson is considered by many researchers to be the main tool that can be used to reduce the sedentary lifestyle of the population. But the most effective way to teach this lesson is still a topic of intense debate among schoolers. The present paper aims to highlight the importance of theoretical knowledge in the educational process in the PE lesson. For this reason, a systematic review was conducted through which a number of 42 papers were identified that met the inclusion criteria. Following the analysis of the papers, the results were reported on three themes: (1) PETE (Physical Education Teacher Education); (2) Curriculum; and (3) Research. The researchers believe that the theoretical contents must be taught to the students in the PE lesson so that they can formulate an answer to the question: “Why should they be physically active in life?". But for this to happen, teachers must be trained in this direction, the curriculum must also contain theoretical content, and researchers must demonstrate the benefits that this knowledge brings in the long term.
Investigating the relationship between psychological vulnerability and psychological performance of female soccer players
Authors: Çutuk Selman , Çutuk Zeynep Akkuş , Ünal Hakan
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological vulnerability and psychological performance among female soccer players. The sample comprised 129 voluntary female athletes competing in the 2nd and 3rd Leagues organized by the Turkish Football Federation. Data were collected using the Psychological Vulnerability Scale and the Psychological Performance Inventory. The analysis employed descriptive statistics, the Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The findings revealed a significant negative relationship between psychological vulnerability and several subdimensions of the psychological performance inventory, including selfconfidence, negative energy, attention control, motivation level, positive energy, and attitude control. However, no significant relationship was observed with the sub-dimension of visualization and imagery control. Furthermore, the structural equation modelling indicated that psychological vulnerability serves as a significant predictor of the subscales for selfconfidence, negative energy, and motivation level within the psychological performance inventory
Radiation knowledge and awareness: Evaluation from the perspective of high school students
Authors: Derman İpek , Bezen Sevim
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to determine the knowledge and awareness levels of students studying in the 12th grade of secondary education about the concept of radiation. In line with the purpose of the study, the phenomenological approach, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The study participants comprised 28 students who studied the subject of ‘Introduction to Atomic Physics and Radioactivity’ in the 12th-grade curriculum of secondary physics courses in secondary education institutions affiliated with the Ministry of National Education in the 2023-2024 academic year. The study used seven open-ended questions developed by the researchers as data collection tools. The data obtained from the interviews were subjected to content analysis. As a result of the research, it was determined that the students defined radiation as a harmful ray at most. At the same time, it was determined that the students primarily associated radiation with electronic devices and thought radiation could be transmitted from human to human. Considering the data obtained, it was concluded that the students had incomplete and erroneous information about radiation; therefore, their awareness of radiation was not high.
Examining interaction in mathematical activities from different theoretical perspectives: The registers of semiotic representations and Habermas’ construct of rationality
Authors: Orhan Elif Burçin , Urhan Selin
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine and compare how Duval’s theory of registers of semiotic representations and Habermas’ construct of rationality approach the concept of interaction in mathematics classrooms. Duval defines conceptual understanding as the construction and use of representations of mathematical objects and states that students interact through representations in mathematical activities. Researchers adapting Habermas’ construct of rationality into mathematics education explain the interaction students engage in during mathematical activities by examining their tendencies to use representations of mathematical objects correctly and purposefully, and to communicate this process in a comprehensible way to others. It is noteworthy that both theories address student interaction with peers and teachers in mathematical activities but approach this concept from different perspectives. This study is focused on how these two theories can be used together based on the networking of theories and strategies to analyze interaction in mathematics classrooms. The results indicate that there are critical connections between these theories and that using them together to analyze the interaction students establish through the construction and use of representations can yield more detailed insights for mathematics teachers and researchers.
Digital security and WhatsApp usage at school according to school administrators: A qualitative research
Authors: Yavaş Tuba , Gezer Mahmut
Published: December 2024

This research aims to identify the potential risks posed by WhatsApp instant messaging tool used as a communication tool in schools in terms of digital security according to the opinions of school administrators and to develop effective strategies against these risks. For this purpose, the research was conducted with a phenomenological design. In this context, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 12 school administrators at primary, secondary, and high school levels in the Antakya district of Hatay (Turkey). Data were collected through a semi-structured interview form. The data were subjected to content analysis. According to the findings; school administrators emphasized that tools such as WhatsApp provide many advantages in education, but also carry certain security and privacy risks. In this research, in addition to the advantages of the WhatsApp application for schools, its shortcomings in terms of “digital security”; were also revealed and it was suggested that a more secure application should be used for schools.
The cultural codes transmitted to the audience through animated films in Soviet Kyrgyz cinema
Authors: Erdoğan Çakar Banu
Published: December 2024

The primary objective of this study is to identify the animated films produced in Kyrgyz cinema during the Soviet Union era and to reveal the cultural values transmitted to children through these films. The population of the study consists of animated films produced in Kyrgyz cinema during the Soviet period. It was determined that 30 films were produced between 1978 and 1991. Using a purposive sampling method, 13 films were selected as the sample of the study, with each film representing a different year. The study employed semiotic analysis and qualitative content analysis methods. The analysis revealed that visual codes in the films include Kyrgyz national clothing, the “boz-üy” (the traditional Kyrgyz yurt), national motifs used in living spaces, and traditional musical instruments as symbols. It was found that the animated films produced in Kyrgyz cinema during the Soviet period conveyed significant social and cultural values related to both Soviet ideology and Kyrgyz national culture. When the values presented in the animated films were compared with UNESCO’s universal values, the value of responsibility appeared most frequently, while no storyline corresponding to the values of honesty or simplicity was identified.
Anti-Drug-Antikörper und der Einfluss von Methotrexat und Biologika-Applikationsintervall
Authors: Hinze Claas H.
Published: December 2024

Anti-Drug-Antikörper (ADAbs) können die Therapieeffektivität biologischer krankheitsmodifizierender Antirheumatika (bDMARD) bei entzündlichen Arthropathien erheblich mindern. Mögliche ADAb-bedingte Probleme beinhalten u. a. einen sekundären Wirkverlust, einen rascheren Abbau des bDMARD und eine höhere Wahrscheinlichkeit für Hypersensitivitätsreaktionen. Das Risiko für die Bildung von ADAbs unterliegt vielen Einflussfaktoren und unterscheidet sich stark zwischen verschiedenen bDMARD. Generell besteht ein hohes Risiko besonders bei monoklonalen Antikörpern (MAbs), die gegen TNF gerichtet sind und ist niedriger bei MAbs, die nicht gegen TNF gerichtet sind und bei Fusionsproteinen. Eine begleitende Therapie mit MTX und anderen konventionell synthetischen (cs)DMARD mindert das Risiko der ADA-Bildung um etwa zwei Drittel bis drei Viertel. Längere Intervalle zwischen den Dosen der MAbs und auch eine niedrige MAb-Dosis könnten die ADAb-Bildung erhöhen, basierend auf der Diskontinuitätstheorie der Immunität. Die Bildung von ADAbs stellt einen komplexen immunologischen Prozess dar, der durch spezifische Epitope, Proteinstruktur, patientenspezifische Faktoren und Applikationsbedingungen beeinflusst wird. Nicht neutralisierende ADAbs können die Pharmakokinetik und Nebenwirkungen des Medikaments beeinflussen, während neutralisierende ADAbs zusätzlich direkt die Wirksamkeit des bDMARD inhibieren können. Therapeutisches Drug-Monitoring (TDM) ist eine Option, um Medikamentenspiegel zu überwachen und ggf. die Dosierung anzupassen, um die langfristige Wirksamkeit der Therapie zu sichern. Die klinische Relevanz von ADAbs, insbesondere bei Anti-TNF-MAbs, und Strategien zur Minimierung ihrer Bildung werden im Detail erörtert.
Ist die Steroidpulstherapie der konventionellen Hochdosissteroidtherapie überlegen?
Authors: Weller-Heinemann Frank
Published: December 2024

Seit die Steroidpulstherapie vor ca. 50 Jahren als besondere Applikationsform von Glukokortikoiden eingeführt wurde, konnte sie in vielen Bereichen der Kinder- und Jugendmedizin mit teilweise großem Erfolg eingesetzt werden. Offenbar kommen andere Wirkmechanismen zur genomischen Wirkung der Glukokortikoide noch hinzu. Trotz der hohen Steroiddosis ist die Verträglichkeit vor allem bei Kindern überwiegend sehr gut. Da sie im Intervall von ca. 2–4 Wochen an je 3–5 Tagen durchgeführt wird, ist insbesondere die von Jugendlichen gefürchtete cushingoide Fazies weitgehend zu vermeiden. Direkte vergleichende Studien zur konventionellen oralen Steroidmedikation sind sehr selten; die überwiegende Zahl an Publikationen zur Steroidpulstherapie bezieht sich auf deren Indikation und Effektivität. Auch im Zeitalter der Biologika bleibt die Steroidpulstherapie ein wesentlicher Baustein einer antientzündlichen Therapie.
Update Mammakarzinom 2024 Teil 1 – Expertenmeinungen zu Brustkrebs in fortgeschrittenen Krankheitsstadien
Authors: Würstlein Rachel , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Fehm Tanja N. , Welslau Manfred , Schütz Florian , Fasching Peter A. , Janni Wolfgang , Witzel Isabell , Thomssen Christoph , Krückel Annika , Belleville Erik , Lüftner Diana , Untch Michael , Thill Marc , Hörner Manuel , Tesch Hans , Ditsch Nina , Lux Michael P. , Aktas Bahriye , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Taran Florin-Andrei , Wöckel Achim , Harbeck Nadia , Stickeler Elmar , Bartsch Rupert , Schneeweiss Andreas , Ettl Johannes , Krug David , Müller Volkmar
Published: December 2024

Klinische Evidenz wird auf Basis klinischer Studien und der persönlichen Erfahrung interpretiert. Dies kann in einer unterschiedlichen Deutung der Datenlage resultieren. Vor diesem Hintergrund sind Expertenpanels wie das Advanced Breast Cancer Panel, das im November 2023 zum 7. Mal zusammengekommen ist (ABC7), von besonderer Bedeutung. Aktuelle Themen werden von einem internationalen Expertenteam bewertet.

Im Jahr 2023 scheint sich die Datenlage zu den CDK4/6-Inhibitoren so verdichtet zu haben, dass Fragen zur Sequenz und zu einer möglichen Chemotherapie als Alternative relativ klar beantwortet werden können. Des Weiteren sind für alle molekularen Subtypen Daten zu Antikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugaten vorhanden, sodass ein gutes Bild über deren Einsatz entstanden ist. Einige Therapiesituationen sind nach wie vor von besonderer Bedeutung und sind strukturiert diskutiert worden, wie zum Beispiel Hirnmetastasen und leptomeningeale Erkrankung, ältere Patientinnen, das lokal fortgeschrittene Mammakarzinom und die viszerale Krise. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden einige der diskutierten Themen im wissenschaftlichen Kontext dargestellt und bewertet.
Disorder and spin-orbit coupling in the integer quantum Hall effect
Authors: Avishai Y. , Meir Yigal
Published: December 2024

The physics of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field, disordered potential, and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is very rich. It touches upon numerous fundamental concepts such as Anderson localization, the integer quantum Hall effect, and random matrix ensembles (Gaussian, unitary, and symplectic). At strong magnetic field the system is extensively studied. It is characterized by isolated Landau levels wherein the energy is linear with the magnetic field and the corresponding wave functions are extended, while between two Landau levels, the corresponding wave functions are localized. In most cases, for strong magnetic field, pertinent calculations are based on the projection of a single Landau level. The first topic to be discussed below is the Anderson localization at weak magnetic field and strong, albeit uniform SOC. In fact, the physics at weak magnetic field seems to be even richer than that at strong magnetic field. Indeed, projection on a single Landau level is not justified, since the energy distance between adjacent levels compares with the strength of disorder and the SOC energy. The second topic to be discussed below is the Anderson localization in a strong magnetic field and with random SOC.
Love’s waves in elastic systems in the absence of spatial symmetry
Authors: Kovalev A. S.
Published: December 2024

The features of the propagation of Love’s waves in elastic media with surface layers of different thicknesses and different structures have been studied. Such waves near the surface with density modulation in the layer in the presence and absence of symmetry with respect to coordinate inversion in the direction of wave propagation have been studied. It is shown that in both cases surface waves exist and are multicomponent with subharmonics rapidly attenuating deep into the medium. Surface waves in an elastic anisotropic medium with orthorhombic symmetry and arbitrary orientation of crystallographic axes relative to the plane with the surface layer are considered. It has been demonstrated that in this case the surface wave is generalized and its velocity depends on the direction of the crystallographic axes and differs from the speed of bulk waves in the same direction.
Electron transport in one-dimensional disordered lattice
Authors: Slavin V. , Savin Y. , Klimov M. , Kiyashko M.
Published: December 2024

We have studied the peculiarities of electron transport in one-dimensional disordered chain at the presence of correlations between on-site interaction and tunneling integrals. In the considered models, the disorder in host-lattice sites positions is caused by presence of defects, impurities, existence of electron-phonon interaction, etc. It is shown that for certain combination of parameters the localization of electron state inherited by a various of 1D disordered systems disappears, and electron transport becomes possible. The parameters of this transport are established.
Creation of two-dimensional circular motion of charge qubit
Authors: Gorelik L. Y. , Kulinich S. I. , Shekhter R. I. , Radić D.
Published: December 2024

We suggest a nanoelectromechanical setup which generates a particular type of motion—the circular motion of mesoscopic superconducting grain, where motion is described by entangled nanomechanical coherent states. The setup is based on mesoscopic terminal utilizing the ac Josephson effect between the superconducting electrodes and the grain, operating in the regime of the Cooper pair box controlled by the gate voltage. The grain is placed on the free end of the suspended cantilever, performing controlled two-dimensional mechanical vibrations. Required functionality is achieved by operating two external parameters, bias voltage between the superconducting electrodes and voltage between gate electrodes, by which the nanomechanical coherent states are formed and organized in a pair of entangled cat-states in two perpendicular spatial directions, which evolve in time in the way to provide a circular motion.
Correlated photoluminescence blinking phenomenon on InGaN/GaN nanopillar structures
Authors: Oikawa K. , Okamoto K. , Funato M. , Kawakami Y. , Micheletto R.
Published: December 2024

Light-emitting devices that take advantage of the wide bandgap characteristics of InGaN/GaN are widely used in the industry. However, inhomogeneities have been reported in their photoluminescence (PL) mapping at the nanometer and submicrometer scale, even in samples of high crystal quality. In addition, a blinking phenomenon (time variation of PL intensity) under photoexcitation has been reported in relation to these inhomogeneities. The reason why this blinking phenomenon occurs is still unclear; it has been observed in quantum dots and other single and multilayer quantum well structures. Nevertheless, there are very few publications on nanopillar InGaN quantum well samples, which are the focus of this research. Here, we report and analyze the behavior of the blinking phenomena on a nanopillar sample. We noticed that the blinking of the pillars is somehow synchronized on a long timescale among several spatially separated nanopillars. We demonstrated that the synchronization is not due to random intensity fluctuations. We suggest instead that the synchronization is caused by a nonlinear response of the quantum wells to the UV source. In other words, when the stimulation intensity surpasses a certain value, it triggers an ON/OFF state switch in the PL of some of the pillars. Even if preliminary, our study helps to provide clues to understanding the mechanism of the occurrence of the blink phenomenon.
Low temperature processing of hole transport layer-free CsPbI2Br solar cells assisted by SAM co-deposition
Authors: Su Zhan , Yu Bo , Sun Yapeng , Zhang Jiankai , Yu Huangzhong
Published: December 2024

The development of inverted all-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is limited by the high processing temperature and poor film coverage of self-assembled molecule (SAM) hole transport layer (HTL). In this work, the hot-air-assisted annealing method was utilized to prepare CsPbI2Br films at low temperature in an ambient environment. The SAM called 2–(3,6-dimethoxycarbazol-9-yl) ethyl phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz) is added into the CsPbI2Br precursor to spontaneously form MeO-2PACz dipole layer and perovskite light absorber. The MeO-2PACz with abundant phosphate groups modulated the uncoordinated lead at the perovskite's grain boundaries via forming –P–O–Pb and –P=O–Pb bonds, which improves the crystallinity and reduces trap density of perovskite film. Furthermore, the spontaneously formed MeO-2PACz dipole layer on the ITO substrate during the perovskite film processing enhanced hole transport efficiency and reduced non-radiative recombination loss at the ITO/CsPbI2Br interface. As a result, the p-i-n HTL-free inorganic CsPbI2Br PSCs with MeO-2PACz additive achieved a power conversion efficiency of 12.92%, which is significantly higher than the reference PSCs (6.55%). This work provides an easy and efficient way to prepare efficient HTL-free all-inorganic PSCs at low temperature in an ambient environment with MeO-2PACz SAM additive.
Macrophyte banks and fish early stages in a cascade of small hydropower reservoirs (south-eastern Brazil): temporal changes along the reproductive cycle and influence of the limnological and spatial organisation
Authors: Kimura Rafaela Shizuko Yamashita , Brambilla Eduardo Meneguzzi , Nogueira Marcos Gomes
Published: December 2024

Context Small hydroelectric power plants (SHPs) are worldwide-distributed infrastructures, the ecological impacts of which are still poorly known. Aim To evaluate the role of littoral macrophytes as nursery areas for fishes in a cascade of three SHP reservoirs in south-eastern Brazil. Methods Three random macrophyte banks, from the intermediate and lentic compartments of each reservoir, were sampled (with manual sieves and gillnets) monthly along the peak of the reproductive period. Basic limnological variables were simultaneously measured. Key results In all, 88 larvae and 393 juveniles were captured, corresponding to 29 taxa, constituting almost 30% of the regional pool of fishes in the river. Non-migrants and short-distance migrants (with or without parental care) predominated. The species accumulation curve tended to an asymptotic configuration (whole dataset sampling effort). Fish abundance differed, mainly temporally, and, at a lower degree, spatially. Higher diversity (rarefaction and extrapolation curves) occurred both at the beginning of the reproductive peak and in the first (upstream) reservoir, where there was also a good correspondence between observed and estimated richness, i.e. 90%. Conclusions The macrophyte banks in these SHP reservoirs are effectively used as nursery areas. Implications Results have provided important insights for actions of conservation and management of the local and regional ichthyofauna, in a condition where typical nursery areas do not exist.
The long-term impact of debt relief for indigent defendants in a misdemeanor court
Authors: Bing Lindsay , Goldstein Rebecca , Ho Helen , Pager Devah , Western Bruce
Published: December 2024

US courts regularly assess fines, fees, and costs against criminal defendants. Court-related debt can cause continuing court involvement and incarceration, not because of new crimes, but because of unpaid financial obligations. We conducted an experiment with 606 people found guilty of misdemeanors in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma. Study participants were randomly selected to receive relief from all current and prior fines and fees assessed for criminal charges in the county. Fee relief reduced jail bookings 21 mo after randomization and the effect persisted over 44 mo of follow-up. Although fee relief reduced incarceration, financial sanctions had no effect on indicators of lawbreaking. Instead, the control group (who obtained no relief from fines and fees) were rearrested at significantly higher rates because of open arrest warrants for nonpayment. These results indicate the long-term and criminalizing effects of legal debt, supporting claims that financial sanctions disproportionately harm low-income defendants while contributing little to public safety.
When never meant ever
Authors: Pinto Clara
Published: December 2024

In European Portuguese, nunca ‘never’ is traditionally classified as a temporal adverb and it can
convey sentential negation on its own, therefore behaving as a strong negative polarity item (NPI). Nevertheless, in early stages
of the language we find nunca with a non-negative interpretation, in contexts that are considered ungrammatical
in contemporary Portuguese. Unlike negative indefinites that started as weak NPIs and became inherently negative,
nunca was already a strong negative polarity item in 13th century Portuguese. In this article I will show
that, apart from the strong NPI nunca, there was also an ambiguous item nunca that corresponded
to a modal polarity item. In the Romance context, items originating from Latin numquam also unfold into ambiguous
items with different polarity. In Portuguese, however, ambiguity was not preserved. The evolution of nunca
reinforces the idea that Portuguese is the most innovative of Romance languages regarding the outcomes of polarity items.
The influence of semantic primes on the typing of word targets
Authors: Mangat Ajay , Taikh Alexander
Published: December 2024

Typing is a complex activity involving identifying and encoding the to-be-typed word, planning, and executing the
keystrokes. Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain how contextual information about meaning influences the processing
of a target word (for example, semantic priming), and it is unclear how this information influences the typing output of the
target word. When the interval between the prime and target is short, the prime is thought to automatically activate the target.
With a longer interval, the facilitation may be more strategic. The influence of the prime on the output of the target may thus
depend on the interval between the two. We found that at both short and long intervals, related semantic primes facilitated the
speed of the first keystroke of the target word. However, there was no effect on how quickly the non-initial letters of the target
were entered, suggesting that information from semantic primes influences the planning and initiation of typing, but not the
execution of remaining keystrokes. Interestingly, the initial and non-initial keystrokes were faster when the interstimulus
interval was long, suggesting participants encode the letters of the prime which could interfere with encoding and typing the
target if the interval between them is short.