bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic Inequalities in Health Insurance Ownership among Women in Selected Francophone Countries in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Wang Yiting , Wang Xuhui , Ji Lu , Huang Rui
Published: August 2021

In sub‐Saharan Africa, improving equitable access to healthcare remains a major challenge for public health systems. Health policymakers encourage the adoption of health insurance schemes to promote universal healthcare. Nonetheless, progress towards this goal remains suboptimal due to inequalities health insurance ownership especially among women. In this study, we aimed to explore the sociodemographic factors contributing to health insurance ownership among women in selected francophone countries in sub‐Saharan Africa. Methods. This study is based on cross‐sectional data obtained from Demographic and Health Surveys on five countries including Benin (n = 13,407), Madagascar (n = 12,448), Mali (n = 10,326), Niger (n = 12,558), and Togo (n = 6,979). The explanatory factors included participant age, marital status, type of residency, education, household wealth quantile, employment stats, and access to electronic media. Associations between health insurance ownership and the explanatory factors were analyzed using multivariate regression analysis, and effect sizes were reported in terms in average marginal effects (AMEs). Results. The highest percentage of insurance ownership was observed for Togo (3.31%), followed by Madagascar (2.23%) and Mali (2.2%). After stratifying by place of residency, the percentages were found to be significantly lower in the rural areas for all countries, with the most noticeable difference observed for Niger (7.73% in urban vs. 0.54% in rural women). Higher levels of education and wealth quantile were positively associated with insurance ownership in all five countries. In the pooled sample, women in the higher education category had higher likelihood of having an insurance: Benin (AME = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.10, 1.27), Madagascar (AME = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.15), Mali (AME = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.24), Niger (AME = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.07, 1.21), and Togo (AME = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.09, 1.26). Regarding wealth status, women from the households in the highest wealth quantile had 4% higher likelihood of having insurance in Benin and Mali and 6% higher likelihood in Madagascar and Togo. Conclusions. Percentage of women who reported having health insurance was noticeably low in all five countries. As indicated by the multivariate analyses, the actual situation is likely to be even worse due to significant socioeconomic inequalities in the distribution of women having an insurance plan. Increasing women’s access to healthcare is an urgent priority for population health promotion in these countries, and therefore, addressing the entrenched sociodemographic disparities should be given urgent policy attention in an effort to strengthen universal healthcare‐related goals.
Evaluation of Novel Obesity and Lipid-Related Indices as Indicators for the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome and Premetabolic Syndrome in Chinese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Yin Qianqian , Zheng Jianhua , Cao Yijuan , Yan Xiaonan , Zhang Hong
Published: August 2021

Objectives. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, previous studies in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) reported a low prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS); however, the same population predisposed to developing pre-MS. Early identification and treatment of individuals with MS and pre-MS are imperative to prevent their adverse consequences. Moreover, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was not accurate in detecting pathoglycemia in women with PCOS as they have shown characteristically postprandial abnormalities in the carbohydrate metabolism. Therefore, we aimed to compare the discriminative performance of various indices for identifying MS and pre-MS/MS (pre-MS and MS) using the updated Chinese Diabetes Society (uCDS) criteria in Chinese women with PCOS. Methods. 1083 Chinese women with PCOS were included in this study. We measured and evaluated 8 indices in all individuals. Based on the uCDS criteria for MS, patients who had no less than two components of MS but did not meet the criteria for the diagnosis of MS were considered as having pre-MS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under ROC curves (AUCs) levels were used to assess the accuracy of each index in detecting MS and pre-MS/MS. Results. Among the 8 indices assessed, the lipid accumulation product (LAP) provided the highest AUCs for detecting MS and pre-MS/MS, followed by CVAI, WTI, VAI, TyG, TG/HDL, WC, and BMI. The optimal cutoff points determined for LAP were 45.13 (sensitivity 88.0%, specificity 88.4%, and Youden index 0.764) for MS and 28.01 (sensitivity 87.5%, specificity 80.7%, and Youden index 0.681) for pre-MS/MS, respectively. Conclusions. uCDS criteria are reasonably more suitable for detecting MS and pre-MS in Chinese women with PCOS. Based on this criterion, LAP is the best index for the diagnosis of MS and pre-MS/MS in Chinese women with PCOS, out of the 8 obesity and lipid-related indices assessed.
The Antioxidant Supplementation with Filipendula ulmaria Extract Attenuates the Systemic Adverse Effects of Nanosized Calcium Phosphates in Rats
Authors: Scepanovic Radomir , Selakovic Dragica , Katanic Stankovic Jelena S. , Arsenijevic Natalija , Andjelkovic Marija , Milenkovic Jovana , Milanovic Pavle , Vasovic Miroslav , Jovicic Nemanja , Rosic Gvozden
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the systemic toxicity of three nanosized calcium phosphates (CaPs): hydroxyapatite (HA), tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) in rats. Since those metallic compounds are widely used as bone replacement materials, including their use in oral surgery, CaPs were applied (per os) equimollary (17.8 mg/kg, 11 mg/kg, and 9.65 mg/kg b.w., respectively) for 30 days in order to mimic the previously described release rate from dental composites. Also, we employed antioxidant supplementation with Filipendula ulmaria (FU) extract. All the applied CaPs significantly increased serum calcium, triglycerides, LDL, and LDH, while serum levels of testosterone and LH declined, with no alterations in the liver enzymes. The evaluation of oxidative stress markers (in the liver, kidney, and testicle) showed an increase in TBARS values, while SOD and CAT activities and GSH levels were significantly reduced. The relative gene expression of Bax and Bcl‐2 was shifted to proapoptotic action, accompanied by intense characteristic histological changes in architecture in all investigated organs. The toxic effects were most prominent in groups treated by ACP. FU administration attenuated the majority of nanosized CaP‐induced adverse effects, thus recommending this therapeutic approach to minimize nano‐CaP systemic toxicities.
Evaluation of Coal Pore Connectivity Using N2 Sorption Isotherm and Spontaneous Imbibition Tests
Authors: Xia Tong-qiang , He Jiao-fei , Fan Shi-xing , Zhang Qiang-qiang , Li Zi-long , Sun Dun-shuai
Published: August 2021

Pore structure and connectivity of coal are critical factors in coal gas migration and production, which can be characterized by studying the kinetics of capillary imbibition behaviour within the pore spaces. In order to investigate them, six typical coal samples from different collieries in China (Yangcun, Changcun, Gengcun, Yanbei, Dongxia, and Yuwu coal) are selected to carry out N2 sorption isotherm and spontaneous imbibition tests. Results from N2 sorption isotherm tests show that there is a great difference between the total specific surface area and total pore volume among the six coal samples. Their total specific surface area varies from 0.302 to 3.275 m2/g, and the total pore volume varies from 1.782 to 10.94 mm3/g. The pore volume relationship of coal sample among them is in order from the large to small: Dongxia>Yangcun>Gengcun>Yuwu>Changcun>Yanbei coal, and the specific surface area is in order from the large to small: Yangcun>Dongxia>Changcun>Yuwu>Gengcun>Yanbei coal. The imbibition characters of six coal samples were matched using explicit the short-time limit

t
⟶
0

and long-time limit

t
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∞

models by Zhmud et al., respectively. The results show that the long-time limit

t
⟶
∞

model is better. Combined with pore structure analysis, it can be qualitatively analyzed that the imbibition capacity of six coal samples is positively correlated with the connectivity of coal pores, which is ranked as Changcun>Yanbei>Gengcun>Yangcun>Dongxia>Yuwu coal. This work will help understand the mechanism controlling fluid loss and ultimate gas/oil recovery in unconventional hydrocarbon exploration.
Time to First-Line Antiretroviral Treatment Failure and Its Predictors among HIV-Positive Children in Shashemene Town Health Facilities, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Zenebe Endale , Washo Assefa , Addis Gesese Abreham
Published: August 2021

With expanding pediatric antiretroviral therapy access, children will begin to experience treatment failure and require second-line therapy. In resource-limited settings, treatment failure is often diagnosed based on the clinical or immunological criteria which occur way after the occurrence of virological failure. Previous limited studies have evaluated immunological and clinical failure without considering virological failure in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to investigate time to first-line antiretroviral treatment failure and its predictors in Shashamene town health facilities with a focus on virological criteria. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in three health facilities of Shashamene town, Oromia Regional State, from March 1 to 26, 2019. Children aged less than 15 years living with HIV/AIDS that were enrolled on ART between January 1, 2011, and December 30, 2015, in Shashamene town health facilities were the study population. Data were extracted using a checklist, entered into EpiData version 3.1, and exported to SPSS version 20 for data analysis. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to determine the predictors of time to first-line treatment failure. Result. The median survival time to virological failure was 30 months with IQR of 24.42 to 44.25. Baseline WHO stages 3 and 4 with AHR = 5.69 (95% CI: 2.07–15.66) and NVP-based NNRT at initial treatment with AHR = 2.72 (1.13–6.54) were the independent predictors of time to treatment failure. Conclusion. The median survival time of first-line antiretroviral treatment failure was moderate in the study area as compared to other studies. The incidence density of treatment failure in this study was low as compared to other studies. The finding also demonstrated that children treated with nevirapine-based nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors at initial and advanced WHO clinical stages at baseline were at higher risk of treatment failure.
Location Privacy Protection Scheme for LBS in IoT
Authors: Li Hongtao , Xue Xingsi , Li Zhiying , Li Long , Xiong Jinbo
Published: August 2021

The widespread use of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has promoted location‐based service (LBS) applications. Users can enjoy various conveniences brought by LBS by providing location information to LBS. However, it also brings potential privacy threats to location information. Location data that contains private information is often transmitted among IoT networks in LBS, and such privacy information should be protected. In order to solve the problem of location privacy leakage in LBS, a location privacy protection scheme based on k‐anonymity is proposed in this paper, in which the Geohash coding model and Voronoi graph are used as grid division principles. We adopt the client‐server‐to‐user (CS2U) model to protect the user’s location data on the client side and the server side, respectively. On the client side, the Geohash algorithm is proposed, which converts the user’s location coordinates into a Geohash code of the corresponding length. On the server side, the Geohash code generated by the user is inserted into the prefix tree, the prefix tree is used to find the nearest neighbors according to the characteristics of the coded similar prefixes, and the Voronoi diagram is used to divide the area units to complete the pruning. Then, using the Geohash coding model and the Voronoi diagram grid division principle, the G‐V anonymity algorithm is proposed to find k neighbors in an anonymous area so that the user’s location data meets the k‐anonymity requirement in the area unit, thereby achieving anonymity protection of location privacy. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that our method is effective in terms of privacy and data quality while reducing the time of data anonymity.
Isolation and Characterization of Biosurfactant-Producing Bacteria from Amapaense Amazon Soils
Authors: Oliveira Elisa Maria de , Sales Victor Hugo Gomes , Andrade Marcelo Silva , Zilli Jerri Édson , Borges Wardsson Lustrino , Souza Tiago Marcolino de
Published: August 2021

The objective of this research was to perform screening of biosurfactant-producing bacteria from Amapaense Amazon soils. Floodplain- and upland-forest soils of three municipalities of the Amapá state were isolated and identified. The isolates were cultured in nutrient broth with olive oil, and their extracts were evaluated according to drop collapse, oil dispersion, emulsification, and surface tension tests. From three hundred and eighteen isolates, the 43 bacteria were selected and identified by 16S rDNA gene sequencing, indicating the presence of three different genera, Serratia, Paenibacillus, and Citrobacter. The extracellular biosurfactant production pointed out the 15 most efficient bacteria that presented high emulsification capacity (E24 > 48%) and stability (less than 10% of drop after 72 h) and great potential to reduce the surface tension (varying from 49.40 to 34.50 mN·m−1). Cluster analysis classified genetically related isolates in different groups, which can be connected to differences in the amount or the sort of biosurfactants. Isolates from Serratia genus presented better emulsification capacity and produced a more significant surface tension drop, indicating a promising potential for biotechnological applications.
Analytical Solutions for the Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations Using the Conformable Triple Laplace Transform Decomposition Method
Authors: Bhanotar Shailesh A. , Kaabar Mohammed K. A.
Published: August 2021

In this paper, a novel analytical method for solving nonlinear partial differential equations is studied. This method is known as triple Laplace transform decomposition method. This method is generalized in the sense of conformable derivative. Important results and theorems concerning this method are discussed. A new algorithm is proposed to solve linear and nonlinear partial differential equations in three dimensions. Moreover, some examples are provided to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm. This method presents a wide applicability to solve nonlinear partial differential equations in the sense of conformable derivative.
¿Deberían liberarse las patentes de las vacunas Covid-19?
Authors: Ponce Carlos
Published: August 2021

Desde el 2 de diciembre del 2020 hasta el 30 de julio de este año, el 28% de la población mundial ha recibido al menos una dosis de alguna vacuna de Covid-19, mientras que alrededor del 15% ha sido inoculado una vez. Esta estadística oculta asimetrías notables: solamente el 1.1% de la población de los países de bajos ingresos ha recibido al menos una dosis. Por ejemplo, solo el 0.5% de la población está completamente vacunada en Afganistán, el 1.4% en Armenia y el 2.6% en Bangladesh. En India, un país en el que el crecimiento de los casos es preocupante, solo el 7% de la población se encuentra completamente vacunada. No es sorprendente entonces que se haya generado un encendido debate acerca de la conveniencia de liberar las patentes que protegen las formulas de las vacunas. Continuar leyendo...
A Large Central Bronchopleural Fistula Closed by Bronchoscopic Administration of Recombinant Bovine Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor: A Case Report
Authors: Guo Shuliang , Bai Yang , Li Yishi , Chen Tao
Published: August 2021

A large central bronchopleural fistula (BPF) surrounded by mediastinal tissue was successfully closed by local administration of recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor (rbFGF) using the bronchoscope. No complications were observed during and after this bronchoscopic treatment. This is the first report of the bronchoscopic treatment of a large central BPF by the local spray of rbFGF. The bronchoscopic treatment with rbFGF is a potentially cost-effective method for central BPF surrounded by mediastinal tissue.
History of the Collegium Internationale Allergologicum: A Very Special Society Devoted to Allergy and Immunology
Authors: Ring Johannes , Marone Gianni
Published: August 2021

The Collegium Internationale Allergologicum (CIA) was founded on 15 October 1954 in London by a group of 48 international allergists and immunologists from 18 countries of all continents, among them such distinguished scientists as Carl Prausnitz-Giles, Sir Henry Dale, Paul Kallos, and many others. Contrary to other international associations in the field, this Collegium limited the number of members in order to allow more intense and open discussions in “the humble spirit of scientific enquiry, friendly cooperation, good fellowship and professional relationships in the field of allergy” as stated in the statutes. It is not possible to apply for membership, and one has to be proposed by at least 2 CIA members and invited to present at least once at a symposium. Over the decades, a rhythm of biannual symposia developed, the 32nd held in Palma de Mallorca in October 2018. These symposia went around the world from London, Rome, Copenhagen, New Orleans, Puerto Vallarta, Nantucket, Hakone, Konstanz, Goeteborg, and Sorrento, just to name a few places. Preferably they were held on islands such as Capri, Corfu, Martinique, Curacao, Bornholm, Malta, and Ischia in order to make it more difficult for people to arrive late or leave early. It is expected that participants stay over the whole length of the 5-day symposium. On these symposia, it is good custom to also present unpublished data, so participants get the latest news. The most important developments in the field of Allergy and Clinical Immunology have been discussed at early stage and sometimes by speakers who later won the Nobel Prize. While all presentations are equal, be it oral communications or posters, there are 3 special lectures, namely the Carl Prausnitz lecture, the Paul Kallos lecture, and a “Relaxing from Immunology” lecture which can be devoted to any interesting topic not necessarily related to medicine or allergy. Since many years, the contents of the symposium are published in a proceedings volume, over a longtime printed within the “International Archives of Allergy and Immunology” which until now is the official journal of the Collegium. Participants agree that in the flood of more and more scientific congresses and larger events, the CIA Symposia are unique in their openness and friendly scientific interchange.
Vestibular Function in Children with Type 1 Diabetes: Videonystagmography Testing
Authors: Hamed Sherifa A. , ElHadad Ali F. , Oseily Amira M.
Published: August 2021

Background: Vestibular system is critical for maintaining balance and learning complex tasks. This study aimed to determine the frequencies, types, and predictors of vestibular dysfunctions (VDs) in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using videonystagmography (VNG). Patients and Methods: This study included 65 patients (children with T1D = 40; controls = 25). The patients underwent VNG. Results: Patients (boys = 15; girls = 25) had a mean age of 14.05 ± 1.82 years and duration of illness of 6.30 ± 2.84 years. The majority had frequent attacks of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (65%) and hypoglycemia (40%). Dizziness was reported in 20%. VNG abnormalities were reported in 70% (n = 28), of them 71.43 and 28.57% had central and peripheral VDs, respectively. Dizziness was associated with peripheral VD. Compared to patients without VDs, those with VDs were older and had earlier age at onset and longer duration of diabetes (>5 years), higher levels of HbA1c (>7%), higher frequencies of DKA and hypoglycemic attacks, comorbid medical conditions, and diabetic complications. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that presence of VNG abnormalities (VDs) was independently correlated with diabetes duration >5 years (odds ratio [OR] = 4.52 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.55–7.04], p = 0.001), HbA1c% levels >7% (OR = 3.42 [95% CI = 2.84–5.75], p = 0.001), and presence of hypoglycemic attacks (OR = 4.65 [95% CI = 2.85–7.55]). Conclusions: -VDs are prevalent in children with T1D and correlated with the duration and severity of diabetes and the occurrence of hypoglycemic attacks. Therefore, optimizing glycemic control and prevention and treatment of diabetic complications and comorbidities are important. Multidisciplinary follow-ups are required for early detection and management of diabetic VDs.
Catheterization Does Not Improve Course of Disease in Female Patients with Acute Cystitis or Pyelonephritis: Retrospective Analysis of >300 In-Hospital Treated Patients
Authors: Wenzel Mike , Hoeh Benedikt , Goeldner Konstatin , Preisser Felix , Würnschimmel Christoph , Becker Andreas , Mandel Philipp , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Chun Felix K.-H. , Kluth Luis A.
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Females with in-hospital treatment for acute cystitis (AC) or pyelonephritis may benefit from catheterization at admission. Methods: All female patients with AC or pyelonephritis requiring in-hospital treatment at University Hospital Frankfurt (2004–2019) were retrospectively analyzed. Logistic regression models were used to predict the catheter value. Results: Of 310 female patients, 40% harbored AC versus 60% pyelonephritis, of whom 62% and 74% received a catheter at admission: C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood count (WBC) were significantly elevated in AC and pyelonephritis catheter versus no catheter patients (both p < 0.05). Time to CRP and WBC nadir did not differ between the AC catheter versus no catheter group (both p > 0.05). Conversely, time to CRP nadir was prolonged in pyelonephritis catheter patients. AC and pyelonephritis catheter patients exhibited a prolonged antibiotic treatment and length of stay (LOS, both p < 0.05). In multivariable analyses, CRP >5 ng/mL was a predictor for receiving a catheter in all patients. In AC, a positive urine culture and fever predicted, respectively, prolonged LOS or antibiotic treatment (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: Risk factors exist with regard to receiving a catheter and prolonged antibiotic treatment or LOS in females with AC or pyelonephritis. A catheter may not accelerate recovery or WBC nadir.
Small Intestinal Phosphate Absorption: Novel Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Yee Jerry , Rosenbaum David , Jacobs Jeffrey W. , Sprague Stuart M.
Published: August 2021

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 15% of adults in the USA. As CKD progresses, urinary phosphate excretion decreases and results in phosphate retention and, eventually, hyperphosphatemia. As hyperphosphatemia is associated with numerous adverse outcomes, including increased cardiovascular mortality, reduction in phosphorus concentrations is a guideline-recommended, established clinical practice. Dietary phosphate restriction, dialysis, and phosphate binders are currently the only options for phosphate management. However, many patients with hyperphosphatemia have phosphorus concentrations >5.5 mg/dL, despite treatment. Summary: This review pre­sents recent advances in the understanding of intestinal phosphate absorption and therapeutic implications. Dietary phosphate is absorbed in the intestine through two distinct pathways, paracellular absorption and transcellular transport. Recent evidence indicates that the paracellular route accounts for 65–80% of total phosphate absorbed. Thus, the paracellular pathway is the dominant mechanism of phosphate absorption. Tenapanor is a first-in-class, non-phosphate binder that inhibits the sodium-hydrogen exchanger 3 or solute carrier family 9 member 3 (SLC9A3) encoded by the SLC9A3 gene, and blocks paracellular phosphate absorption. Key Messages: Targeted inhibition of sodium-hydrogen exchanger 3 effectively reduces paracellular permeability of phosphate. Novel therapies that target the paracellular pathway may improve phosphate control in chronic kidney disease.
Unexpected Small-Bowel Finding in Overt-Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding in a Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Gomes Catarina , Ponte Ana , Pinho Rolando , Rodrigues Adélia , Carvalho João
Published: August 2021

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most frequent mesenchymal neoplasms affecting the gastrointestinal tract, and the small bowel is the second most frequent location. Approximately 5% of patients with GIST are not sporadic and have a familial autosomal dominant syndrome, such as neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common presentation of GIST, and lesions such as submucosal tumors may be detected more readily by capsule endoscopy due to luminal impingement and overlying ulceration. Our report emphasizes the importance of small-bowel investigation in patients with Crohn’s disease and NF1 presenting with recent overt bleeding.
Senhora do Rosário, esta banda é sua
Authors: Oliveira Leandro Moreira de , Oliveira Marcelo José
Published: August 2021

O presente ensaio foi produzido durante o ciclo ritual ocorrido por ocasião da 129ª Festa de Nossa Senhora do Rosário em Airões, Zona da Mata Mineira, durante uma incursão etnográfica que tencionou, a partir de referenciais da Antropologia Visual, explorar as manifestações de performance produzidas pela Banda de Congo José Lúcio Rocha, oriunda de uma comunidade quilombola contígua ao distrito onde ocorre a festa. Elegemos enquanto tema das imagens que se seguem, um instante ritual chamado de Corte que, segundo os nativos, é “a hora mais pesada do Congo”. O Corte é a dramatização dos encontros entre barões escravocratas, quando se reuniam para negociar seus escravos. Aqui se exibe o corpo do homem Congo, um soldado juramentado do exército da Virgem do Rosário, que reunido em batalhão, corta as ruas do lugarejo mixando a oração cristã católica à corporalidade da dança tribal, sempre tendo como vozes de fundo os temas da memória do cativeiro e da batalha espiritual.
O sagrado e as mulheres quilombolas: experiência religiosa e rezadeiras da comunidade do Baixão - BA
Authors: Nascimento Washington Santos , Lima Vivian Ingridy Carvalho
Published: August 2021

O artigo pretende compreender a experiência religiosa de mulheres rezadeiras da Comunidade Quilombola do Baixão, localizada na região Sudoeste da Bahia. A pesquisa realizada durante o período de outubro de 2016 a março de 2018, que teve como metodologia de trabalho a História Oral, permitiu compreender como as imagens e os símbolos relacionados ao catolicismo e aos saberes de matriz africana estão em processos contínuos de negociação e se engendram em outras redes que regulam o cotidiano da comunidade, traduzindo no que definimos como a experiência religiosa na comunidade do Baixão. Para a apreensão dessa experiência, a figura de duas rezadeiras, mais conhecidas como Dona Tuga e Dona Bezinha, é o elemento chave e representa a memória, os saberes, e especialmente, a presença simbólica de um antepassado. Os seus altares tornaram-se o centro da nossa análise porque contam muito da história de suas rezadeiras e da comunidade, trata-se de um espaço sacralizado e socialmente identificado.
Trabalhadores de Pikine
Authors: Monteiro Cristiano Sobroza
Published: August 2021

Este ensaio busca retratar a constituição do ethos para trabalho e a circulação de mercadorias entre trabalhadores de rua de Pikine, um departamento da região de Dakar, no Senegal. Constituído de dez fotografias, oito delas, focalizando fragmentos da trajetória de um trabalhador, bem como a manufatura específica comercializada, o ensaio propõe, também, uma reflexão sobre a relação entre corporalidade, trabalho e cultura material no contexto da venda de rua naquele país. As mercadorias, comercializadas por esses trabalhadores, elucidam as formas de agenciamento da cultura material local, as suas estratégias de venda e a maneira como os senegaleses consomem cotidianamente.
Um antropólogo no gabinete: Notas sobre etnografia e o trabalho no parlamento
Authors: Belisário Gustavo
Published: August 2021

Este artigo discute como se dá o cotidiano do trabalho de um antropólogo no parlamento. A partir de reflexões de tom etnográfico de experiências do trabalho na equipe técnica do Deputado Distrital Fábio Félix (PSOL – DF) na Câmara Legislativa do Distrito Federal, discuto o impacto da trajetória de formação em antropologia na feitura de documentos legislativos e na maneira de encarar o jogo político. As distintas maneiras de conceber relevância política, valorar os temas e contar histórias são discrepâncias que produzem estranhamentos no antropólogo que atuam no parlamento. Em síntese, no que pese as diferenças entre fazer etnografias e produzir leis, encarar o parlamento sem levar tão a sério a brincadeira é uma conciliação possível para seguir fazendo as duas coisas.
Do estético ao ético: marginalidade na poesia de Hélio Oiticica
Authors: Galeazzi Annelise Estrella
Published: August 2021

Este artigo toma como objeto de estudo a marginalidade. O fio que conduz a análise é a abordagem que o artista brasileiro Hélio Oiticica dá ao universo daqueles sujeitos que estiveram à margem do sistema político-social, na década de 1960, no Brasil. A partir de uma revisão das obras visuais e textuais de Oiticica, pelas quais ele pôde apresentar sua experiência e vivência com esses sujeitos, procuraremos demonstrar como as questões estética e ética da marginalidade também aparecem em três de seus poemas inéditos, escritos em 1968. Ao ler, escrever e transcrever o mundo, os poemas pensam e interrogam o que nele está posto ­­– problemas, existências, relações –, o que possibilita o engendramento de uma resistência àquilo que pode atacar a nossa integridade moral. Procuraremos, assim, caracterizar a forma específica pela qual essa questão é tratada nesse tipo de produção. A ideia de um po-ética (SISCAR, 2010) ilumina justamente o material que estamos lidando: a linguagem. Fica claro, portanto, que a leitura dos poemas de Oiticica confirma o conhecimento de seu pensamento estético e ético, entendido inclusive em sua historicidade.
A Consciência Cinematográfica na Poesia de Marília Garcia
Authors: Santos Yasmin Bidim Pereira dos
Published: August 2021

Este artigo parte do conceito deleuziano de imagem-movimento para pensar a obra da poeta brasileira Marília Garcia. Parte-se do princípio que o cinema, enquanto arte industrial, trouxe um novo paradigma para o pensamento e para as artes no século XX. Tendo em vista esta mudança, pretende-se compreender brevemente como uma determinada poesia contemporânea se relaciona com conceitos como fora de campo, plano e montagem, partindo da premissa de que o regime da imagem-movimento não se manifesta exclusivamente no cinema e pode ser observado em outras artes, especialmente na poesia, arte que, assim como o cinema, opera a criação de imagens. Serão abordados poemas dos livros Engano Geográfico (2012) e Um teste de resistores (2014) levando em conta como conceitos predominantes do campo cinematográfico ou que foram observados por Deleuze por meio da análise cinematográfica podem ser, agora, observados numa determinada produção poética contemporânea.
A Representação do estado patriarcal no livro O Martelo de Adelaide Ivánova
Authors: Martins Manuella Bezerra de Melo
Published: August 2021

Historicamente utilizado como referência às sociedades pré-capitalistas, o Patriarcado e suas conceituações teóricas ganharam novos contornos na contemporaneidade. Atualmente, os estudos feministas, apesar de não darem uma resposta horizontal quanto à sua aplicação (justamente devido a sua heterogeneidade), fundamentam-se na ideia primordial que as estruturas sociais seguem, ainda no agora, a viver sob as heranças destes códigos engendrados culturalmente no seio do sistema capitalista enquanto expressão máxima da sua operação, um paradigma, capaz de organizar e moldar o pensamento social pela ideologia dominante por um tão longo período onde seu conteúdo fundamental se naturalizou, perdeu de vista sua origem histórica e isentou-se de quaisquer questionamentos. A partir desta premissa, e a luz das cartografias desenvolvidas pelos estudos feministas, este presente artigo pretende dissecar a representação do patriarcado e seu modo operativo presente no livro O Martelo, da poeta brasileira radicada em Berlim, Adelaide Ivánova, publicado no Brasil pelas Edições Garupa em 2017, e antes disto, em 2015, em Portugal pela Douda Correria, e destacado vencedor do Prêmio Rio de Literatura em 2018.
A escrita autobiográfica de Maura Lopes Cançado como forma de resistência ao desaparecimento precoce da mulher na sociedade brasileira
Authors: Volcean Tamiris Tinti
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo analisa a obra autobiográfica Hospício é Deus: diário I (1965), de Maura Lopes Cançado, à luz dos conceitos de condição e ambivalência sujeito-objeto presentes n’O segundo sexo (2009), de Simone de Beauvoir. Para que o percurso analítico pudesse ser viabilizado, utilizou-se Philippe Lejeune (2008) como principal referencial teórico na conceituação da autobiografia. A análise foi dividida em três momentos, sendo o primeiro destinado à contextualização dos conceitos de Beauvoir e ao desenvolvimento de sua escrita autobiográfica. Posteriormente, inicia-se o diálogo entre as discussões propostas n’O segundo sexo e a gênese da autobiografia na vida de Maura Lopes Cançado, com ênfase para o papel das narrativas em primeira pessoa na transformação de sua condição no contexto social ao qual estava inserida. Por fim, a escrita autobiográfica é apresentada como uma forma de resistência ao silenciamento e ao desaparecimento da perspectiva feminina em uma sociedade patriarcal. Dessa forma, pretende-se demonstrar como a publicação do diário autobiográfico Hospício é Deus: diário I inaugurou a autobiografia feminina neste formato e contexto no Brasil, além de marcar a quebra do paradigma da superficialidade e futilidade imposto pelo patriarcado às narrativas em primeira pessoa a partir da perspectiva feminina.
A obscena voz pensante
Authors: Cabide Rodrigo
Published: August 2021

Este estudo analisa A obscena senhora D (1982), de Hilda Hilst, a partir da categorização “literatura pensante”, de Evando Nascimento (2015). Para o pesquisador, a proposição analítica delineia a particularidade da escrita literária ao engendrar acepções e percepções do pensar independentes da filosofia. Ademais, busca-se analisar efeitos e sentidos do “obsceno” de maneira comparativa aos exercícios de pensamento acionados pela voz da protagonista Hillé. Como desdobramento dessa proposição, busca-se reconfigurar o adjetivo “pensante” via orquestração de vozes que alternam e combinam tagarelice e ruminância. Por fim, consideram-se paratextos editoriais e bastidores autobiográficos ancorados no processo criativo da narrativa.
Lélia Gonzalez, a intérprete do Brasil. Resenha do livro Por um Feminismo afro-latino-americano
Authors: Morais Maira Luana
Published: August 2021

Lélia Gonzalez, a intérprete do Brasil. Resenha do livro Por um Feminismo afro-latino-americano
Stavovi o vlastitoj smrtnosti učenika Medicinske škole Dubrovnik
Authors: Čupić Marija , Kozina Slavica , Zoranić Sanja , Tepšić Mihaela
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Mortality is an essential determinant of human life, which is why as long as people live and know how to live, it cannot be erased from consciousness. Given the awareness of one's own mortality, man is faced with the problem of how to reconcile the desire to live with the knowledge of the limitations of his life.
Objective: The objective is to investigate and determine the level of awareness of mortality as well as possible differences concerning different sociodemographic characteristics of high school students from Dubrovnik.
Subjects and methods: The research was conducted on a sample of 237 students of the Medical School in Dubrovnik. The level of awareness of one's own mortality was measured by a questionnaire called the Death Attitudes Questionnaire. The Mann-Whitney U Test was used to determine differences in mortality awareness between students of different sexes, while the Kruskal-Walis H test was used to determine differences concerning age, grade, and occupation. The SPSS statistical program was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Adolescent respondents expressed a wide range of attitudes about mortality in this study. Gender (p>0.05) is not a significant determinant of attitudes about mortality of respondents included in this study, while age, grade and occupation (p<0.05) proved to be significant determinants of differences in respondents' responses. The most common problems in understanding the deaths of the respondents were expressed by the statements "How will I die?", "What is the meaning of life?", "Will it be painful?", "I'm worried that you are just gone!" that's how it all ends. "
Conclusion: Indicators of an individual's relationship to different segments of mortality thinking were analyzed. In general, the distributed results showed that respondents of different sociodemographic characteristics significantly showed openness to more positive thoughts and a higher level of awareness regarding mortality.
Samoprocjena stresa i primjena strategija suočavanja sa stresom kod studenata preddiplomskog stručnog studija Sestrinstva
Authors: Žagar Marija , Kosić Radoslav
Published: August 2021

Uvod: Vrijeme studiranja označava veliku stepenicu prema osamostaljenju i putu odrastanja. Tijekom tog vremena studenti se suočavaju s brojnim životnim pitanjima i raznim pritiscima sa svih strana. U tom periodu postoje mnogi stresori koji djeluju na studente. Razina stresa, kao i strategije koje studenti upotrebljavaju za suočavanje sa stresom, iznimno su važni za prevenciju nastanka mnogih bolesti i poremećaja kojima je stres jedan od mogućih uzroka.
Cilj istraživanja: Cilj je ovog rada ispitati razinu stresa kod studenata prve i treće godine redovnog preddiplomskog stručnog studija Sestrinstvo u Rijeci te identificirati najčešće oblike suočavanja sa stresom kod sudionika istraživanja.
Sudionici i metode: U ispitivanje su uključeni studenti sestrinstva prve i treće godine redovnog preddiplomskog stručnog studija Sestrinstvo u Rijeci. Ukupno su sudjelovala 44 sudionika. Za provođenje istraživanja koristila se anonimna online anketa. Podaci prikupljeni anketiranjem sudionika obrađeni su metodama deskriptivne i inferencijalne statistike. Rezultati: Prema rezultatima istraživanja, sudionici prijavljuju visoku razinu stresa koja je podjednaka kod studenata prve i treće godine. Sudionici se također, bez obzira na godinu studija, podjednako koriste određenim strategijama suočavanja. Kao način rješavanja problema i suočavanja sa stresom sudionici najčešće planiraju rješavanje problema, pozitivno ga nastoje sagledati, aktivno se nose s problemom te traže instrumentalnu i emocionalnu podršku.
Zaključak: Istraživanje pokazuje da su sudionici, bez obzira na poželjne strategije suočavanja sa stresom, pod značajno visokom razinom stresa. Postojeći načini suočavanja ne pokazuju se dovoljnima za uspješno smanjenje stresa. Uzimajući u obzir spoznaju da stres negativno djeluje na razna područja funkcioniranja te da može imati značajne posljedice na fizičko i mentalno zdravlje pojedinca, ukazuje se potreba za ozbiljnijim shvaćanjem postojanja stresa kod studenata i daljnjim istraživanjima u ovom području. Pritom je primarno usmjeriti se na načine njegove prevencije.
Drugs Associated With Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Marto João Pedro , Strambo Davide , Livio Francoise , Michel Patrik
Published: August 2021

Certain drugs may increase the risk of ischemic stroke (IS). Our goal was to review associations between frequently used drugs and IS. We created an initial list of frequently used drugs to search Pubmed/MEDLINE from 1966 to 2020 and reviewed phase III and IV data, case series, and drug authorities’ safety warnings to assess a potential association with IS. Drugs were grouped according to the World Health Organization Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. Predefined criteria were applied to establish a level of evidence for an association, from A (high level of evidence of association) to E (high level of evidence of absence of association). In addition, we assessed relative risks and reviewed potential mechanisms of IS facilitation. We assessed 81 drugs or drug classes from 11 World Health Organization Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Groups. We identified a high level of association for erythropoietin, combined contraceptives, oral estrogen replacement therapy, bevacizumab, tamoxifen, and antipsychotics and a moderate level for ponatinib, nilotinib, darunavir, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists. Drug dose and treatment duration may modify the risk. For a substantial number of drugs, we found no association, and for others, there were insufficient data to categorize risk. We identified a high level of association of IS with a limited number of drugs, a potential association with some, and a lack of data for others. The summarized information may help clinicians to estimate the contribution of a drug to an IS, to better assess drug benefit-risk ratios, and to support decisions about using specific drugs.
The Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control Project
Authors: Braver Todd S. , Kizhner Alexander , Tang Rongxiang , Freund Michael C. , Etzel Joset A.
Published: August 2021

We describe an ambitious ongoing study that has been strongly influenced and inspired by Don Stuss's career-long efforts to identify key cognitive processes that characterize executive control, investigate potential unifying dimensions that define prefrontal function, and carefully attend to individual differences. The Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control project tests a theoretical framework positing two key control dimensions: proactive and reactive. The framework's central tenets are that proactive and reactive control modes reflect domain-general dimensions of individual variation, with distinctive neural signatures, involving the lateral pFC as a central node within associated brain networks (e.g., fronto-parietal, cingulo-opercular). In the Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control project, each participant is scanned while performing theoretically targeted variants of multiple well-established cognitive control tasks (Stroop, cued task-switching, AX-CPT, Sternberg working memory) in three separate imaging sessions, that each encourages utilization of different control modes plus also completes an extensive out-of-scanner individual differences battery. Additional key features of the project include a high spatio-temporal resolution (multiband) acquisition protocol and a sample that includes a substantial subset of monozygotic twin pairs and participants recruited from the Human Connectome Project. Although data collection is still continuing (target n = 200), we provide an overview of the study design and protocol, along with initial results (n = 80) revealing evidence of a domain-general neural signature of cognitive control and its modulation under reactive conditions. Aligned with Don Stuss's legacy of scientific community building, a partial data set has been publicly released, with the full data set released at project completion, so it can serve as a valuable resource.
Context-Dependent Modulation of Early Visual Cortical Responses to Numerical and Nonnumerical Magnitudes
Authors: Park Joonkoo , Godbole Sonia , Woldorff Marty G. , Brannon Elizabeth M.
Published: August 2021

Whether and how the brain encodes discrete numerical magnitude differently from continuous nonnumerical magnitude is hotly debated. In a previous set of studies, we orthogonally varied numerical (numerosity) and nonnumerical (size and spacing) dimensions of dot arrays and demonstrated a strong modulation of early visual evoked potentials (VEPs) by numerosity and not by nonnumerical dimensions. Although very little is known about the brain's response to systematic changes in continuous dimensions of a dot array, some authors intuit that the visual processing stream must be more sensitive to continuous magnitude information than to numerosity. To address this possibility, we measured VEPs of participants viewing dot arrays that changed exclusively in one nonnumerical magnitude dimension at a time (size or spacing) while holding numerosity constant and compared this to a condition where numerosity was changed while holding size and spacing constant. We found reliable but small neural sensitivity to exclusive changes in size and spacing; however, exclusively changing numerosity elicited a much more robust modulation of the VEPs. Together with previous work, these findings suggest that sensitivity to magnitude dimensions in early visual cortex is context dependent: The brain is moderately sensitive to changes in size and spacing when numerosity is held constant, but sensitivity to these continuous variables diminishes to a negligible level when numerosity is allowed to vary at the same time. Neurophysiological explanations for the encoding and context dependency of numerical and nonnumerical magnitudes are proposed within the framework of neuronal normalization.
Computing Joint Action Costs: Co-Actors Minimize the Aggregate Individual Costs in an Action Sequence
Authors: Török Georgina , Stanciu Oana , Sebanz Natalie , Csibra Gergely
Published: August 2021

Successful performance in cooperative activities relies on efficient task distribution between co-actors. Previous research found that people often forgo individual efficiency in favor of co-efficiency (i.e., joint-cost minimization) when planning a joint action. The present study investigated the cost computations underlying co-efficient decisions. We report a series of experiments that tested the hypothesis that people compute the joint costs of a cooperative action sequence by summing the individual action costs of their co-actor and themselves. We independently manipulated the parameters quantifying individual and joint action costs and tested their effects on decision making by fitting and comparing Bayesian logistic regression models. Our hypothesis was confirmed: people weighed their own and their partner’s costs similarly to estimate the joint action costs as the sum of the two individual parameters. Participants minimized the aggregate cost to ensure co-efficiency. The results provide empirical support for behavioral economics and computational approaches that formalize cooperation as joint utility maximization based on a weighted sum of individual action costs.
The Vase of Ambrosia
Authors: McGrath William A.
Published: August 2021

This is an introduction to and translation of the Vase of the Deathless Ones’ Ambrosia Tantra. The Vase of Ambrosia presents itself as a treasure text that was taught by Padmasambhava in eighth-century Tibet and finally revealed five hundred years later. In the opening chapter, Padmasambhava explains that a devastating epidemic disease will spread to Tibet and ultimately kill three out of every four people in the world. Despite this dire prognosis, he also explains the medical and spiritual causes of the disease, such that the physicians and ritual specialists of the future will be able to treat their patients and protect themselves. Taken together, the Vase of Ambrosia is a scriptural cycle that represents the Tibetan experiences of and responses to the bubonic plague in the thirteenth century, and which continues to inspire Buddhist approaches to epidemic disease even today.