bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling pCO2 variability in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Xue Zuo , He Ruoying , Fennel Katja , Cai Wei-Jun , Lohrenz Steven , Huang Wei-Jen , Tian Hanqin , Ren Wei , Zang Zhengchen
Published: August 2016

Abstract. A three-dimensional coupled physical–biogeochemical model was used to simulate and examine temporal and spatial variability of sea surface pCO2 in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). The model was driven by realistic atmospheric forcing, open boundary conditions from a data-assimilative global ocean circulation model, and observed freshwater and terrestrial nutrient and carbon input from major rivers. A 7-year model hindcast (2004–2010) was performed and validated against ship measurements. Model results revealed clear seasonality in surface pCO2 and were used to estimate carbon budgets in the Gulf. Based on the average of model simulations, the GoM was a net CO2 sink with a flux of 1.11 ± 0.84  ×  1012 mol C yr−1, which, together with the enormous fluvial inorganic carbon input, was comparable to the inorganic carbon export through the Loop Current. Two model sensitivity experiments were performed: one without biological sources and sinks and the other using river input from the 1904–1910 period as simulated by the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM). It was found that biological uptake was the primary driver making GoM an overall CO2 sink and that the carbon flux in the northern GoM was very susceptible to changes in river forcing. Large uncertainties in model simulations warrant further process-based investigations.
How does grid-resolution modulate the topographic expression of geomorphic processes?
Authors: Grieve Stuart W. D. , Mudd Simon M. , Milodowski David T. , Clubb Fiona J. , Furbish David J.
Published: August 2016

Abstract. In many locations, our ability to study the processes which shape the Earth are greatly enhanced through the use of high-resolution digital topographic data. However, although the availability of such datasets has markedly increased in recent years, many locations of significant geomorphic interest still do not have high-resolution topographic data available. Here, we aim to constrain how well we can understand surface processes through topographic analysis performed on lower-resolution data. We generate digital elevation models from point clouds at a range of grid resolutions from 1 to 30 m, which covers the range of widely used data resolutions available globally, at three locations in the United States. Using these data, the relationship between curvature and grid resolution is explored, alongside the estimation of the hillslope sediment transport coefficient (D, in m2 yr−1) for each landscape. Curvature, and consequently D, values are shown to be generally insensitive to grid resolution, particularly in landscapes with broad hilltops and valleys. Curvature distributions, however, become increasingly condensed around the mean, and theoretical considerations suggest caution should be used when extracting curvature from landscapes with sharp ridges. The sensitivity of curvature and topographic gradient to grid resolution are also explored through analysis of one-dimensional approximations of curvature and gradient, providing a theoretical basis for the results generated using two-dimensional topographic data. Two methods of extracting channels from topographic data are tested. A geometric method of channel extraction that finds channels by detecting threshold values of planform curvature is shown to perform well at resolutions up to 30 m in all three landscapes. The landscape parameters of hillslope length and relief are both successfully extracted at the same range of resolutions. These parameters can be used to detect landscape transience and our results suggest that such work need not be confined to high-resolution topographic data. A synthesis of the results presented in this work indicates that although high-resolution (e.g., 1 m) topographic data do yield exciting possibilities for geomorphic research, many key parameters can be understood in lower-resolution data, given careful consideration of how analyses are performed.
Spatial and temporal variation of bulk snow properties in northern boreal
and tundra environments based on extensive field measurements
Authors: Hannula Henna-Reetta , Lemmetyinen Juha , Kontu Anna , Derksen Chris , Pulliainen Jouni
Published: August 2016

Abstract. An extensive in situ data set of snow depth, snow water equivalent (SWE), and snow density collected in support of the European Space Agency (ESA) SnowSAR-2 airborne campaigns in northern Finland during the winter of 2011–2012 is presented (ESA Earth Observation Campaigns data 2000–2016). The suitability of the in situ measurement protocol to provide an accurate reference for the simultaneous airborne SAR (synthetic aperture radar) data products over different land cover types was analysed in the context of spatial scale, sample spacing, and uncertainty. The analysis was executed by applying autocorrelation analysis and root mean square difference (RMSD) error estimations. The results showed overall higher variability for all the three bulk snow parameters over tundra, open bogs and lakes (due to wind processes); however, snow depth tended to vary over shorter distances in forests (due to snow–vegetation interactions). Sample spacing/sample size had a statistically significant effect on the mean snow depth over all land cover types. Analysis executed for 50, 100, and 200 m transects revealed that in most cases less than five samples were adequate to describe the snow depth mean with RMSD < 5 %, but for land cover with high overall variability an indication of increased sample size of 1.5–3 times larger was gained depending on the scale and the desired maximum RMSD. Errors for most of the land cover types reached  ∼ 10 % if only three measurements were considered. The collected measurements, which are available via the ESA website upon registration, compose an exceptionally large manually collected snow data set in Scandinavian taiga and tundra environments. This information represents a valuable contribution to the snow research community and can be applied to various snow studies.
Technological Capability as a Key Determinant for Foreign Direct Investment: The Case of Indian Sub-Continent
Authors: Iqbal Tahir , Abdul Hadi Abdul Razak , Zafar Sehrish
Published: August 2016

This paper is pursued with the objective of investigating technological capability as a key determinant for foreign direct investment in Indian sub-continent consisting of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The focus of the study is to identify why some countries are attracting more inward FDI than others within the same geographical region as well as to uncover the plausible reason that could lure foreign direct investment (Indian sub-continent caters for one-fifth of the global population). Research methodology uses static panel data models involving fixed and random effects over yearly data from 1994 until 2011. Furthermore, a dynamic panel model via Park method is used on the datasets. The findings which indicate clear implications in those countries with strong domestic technological capabilities seem to have a solid influence in attracting inward FDI. The study also reveals that the relationship between domestic technological development and inward FDI is even stronger than other controlled variables (inflation, lending rates and GDP) in the model.
Selected Human Resources Factors as Determinants of Performance Management Framework Implementation in Kenya
Authors: Sang Jane , Korir Michael , Wishitemi Bob
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this paper is to examine human resource factors on implementation of performance management framework in Kenya and, specifically, at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH). The theory of planned behaviour and the Balanced Score Card Model were used to show how people are linked to the success of the organization. Questionnaires were 510 respondents through simple random and stratified sampling techniques out of which 505 (99%) subjects responded. SEMPATH model was test the hypotheses. Results of hypothesis testing indicate that employee attitude and leadership style have a significant relationship with implementation of performance management. The first model showed that leadership style was found not to likely affect implementation with other variable at the standardized regression measured .01 and was not significant at p> .05. A second model was therefore tested whereby leadership styles were conceptualized to influence attitude and in retrospect attitude affect implementation of performance management. The standardized regression between attitude and performance management directly was .41. The study established that leadership style influence attitude which, in turn, determines employee relationship with the implementation of performance management framework. It was therefore recommended that, to effectively manage the implementation of performance framework, an organization should put in place.
Stakeholder Engagement in Cultural Organizations: An Explorative Study on Participatory Theatre
Authors: Giorgino Maria Cleofe
Published: August 2016

This article explores the potentialities of the stakeholder engagement framework in the specific context of cultural organizations, underscoring the necessity to develop an interdisciplinary approach that combines the traditional managerial perspective with the contribution offered by other social disciplines, due to the peculiarities of the cultural mission pursued. Specifically, the article aims to investigate on the stakeholder engagement process to verify: a) how it may be adapted to consider the peculiarities of the cultural organizations and their activities; b) why cultural organizations should adopt the framework as here suggested referring to the cultural mission pursued. Combining the literature review with the analysis of a case study of participatory theatre, this article expects: a) to suggest a stakeholder engagement framework that may be specific for cultural organizations and their community; b) to verify its effectiveness in terms of both creation of cultural value and improvement of cultural participation. imes New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA'>reating markets within a global economy requires considerable stimulus on the part of national governments. This necessitates national governments working together in partnership with national and global firms to reduced bureaucracy and increase transparency to boost trade in a cost effective manner. This is seen by some economists to be a prerequisite to future competitiveness. Finally, the authors seek to demonstrate how leading countries within the OECD are building innovative capability to master the challenges and opportunities that the new emerging economies present (such as Brazil).
Relationship between Strategy Implementation and Performance in Commercial Banks in Nairobi County Kenya
Authors: Waititu Jecinta Waitherero
Published: August 2016

A Strategy is an essential management contrivance in any organization today. The tests of the modern business environment and fast changing global economy demands high productivity speed and flexibility for organizations that seeks to thrive. In order to achieve the required efficiency and effectiveness, organizations must change their structure strategically. The main aim of this research work was to analyze the key drivers affecting strategy implementation in the commercial banks in Nairobi, Kenya. Specifically the study endeavored to determine whether communication systems affect implementation of strategy in commercial banks, establish whether leadership styles affect implementation of strategy in commercial banks, establish whether organizational structure affect implementation of strategy in commercial banks and establish whether organizational culture affects the implementation of strategy in commercial banks in Nairobi, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive and quantitative design. The study targeted top management of the head offices of listed commercial banks in Nairobi consisting of a total of 191 respondents. The data generated by the study after fieldwork was edited, coded then entered into a computer for processing using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v. 21.0). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze information generated from respondents. The data collected has been presented by use of percentages, frequency distributions, tables and figures. From the research work findings, the study concluded that those listed commercial banks at <a href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwillMzZmafLAhXEPRoKHXRsDW0QFggeMAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nse.co.ke%2F&usg=AFQjCNHkuEfa6EUtK3TQF3kUsqKOlmq6lQ&sig2=IYtsly50V3H1ftW2GDitxA">NSE in Nairobi County-Kenya that invested heavily in innovation in effective communication systems, inspirational leadership, functional organization structure and culture recorded high level of strategic implementation performance revealed by unanimous consent of “Good strategies implemented has increased our profitability levels for the last five years”. The study recommends that, the managers should always give direction and supervision through different phases of strategy implementation. Implementing a change is often done in phases. The listed banks at NSE leadership need to be able to identify when each phase of a strategic implementation is complete and be ready to transition the organization to the next phase.
Public Understanding of Hiwalah (Debt Transferred)
Authors: Nashuddin Nashuddin
Published: August 2016

In this research, researchers wanted to determine and analyze public understanding of the transferred debt (Hiwalah) knowing public assumption factors of Hiwalah public understanding (debt transferred). The methods are using quantitative method by using analysis descriptive and inferential analysis, inferential analysis used the regression analysis, T test and correlation analysis to testing the hypothesis of the research. The population in this research is the whole of people in the Cikoneng village, District of Anyer, Serang, Banten, Indonesia. Using research data collection instrument, arranged in a Likert scale model. The research found that the public's understanding and Hiwalah scores level are high, no differences in the public understanding by men and women, otherwise relating to Hiwalah people have differences in men and women, through correlation analysis was known the positive correlation and significant correlation between public understanding of Hiwalah, as well as regression analysis found that the public understanding becomes a factor of important role in the improvement and development of Hiwalah processes, for it was in effort to implementation Hiwalah properly and correctly in accordance with the teachings of Islam, the people should be given the knowledge and understanding of Hiwalah.
Governance of Industrial Districts: Bibliometric and Cluster Analyses
Authors: Saggese Sara
Published: August 2016

During the last decades, industrial districts have been at the forefront of academic and policy-making debate as important players of the economic development of small and medium sized companies in many countries. Nevertheless, a number of factors have strongly damaged these networks and questioned their competitiveness. Literature suggests that district governance is a proper solution to these issues and interprets this tool as an effective guide for development and changes of industrial districts. However, yet to date, the research on the governance of industrial districts is still sparse and very fragmentary. Furthermore, it presents a strong multidisciplinary breadth that prevents the identification of a comprehensive picture of the academic field. On the basis of these premises, this review study combines bibliometric and cluster analyses of scholarly articles published until March 2016 in order to identify research trends and describe the structure and the evolution of this research field over the last 27 years. The paper has implications for theory and practice. First, it systematizes and consolidates the literature on industrial district governance. Moreover, it highlights the evolutionary pattern of the research and identifies unexplored/underexplored issues that scholars should address. Finally, it proposes additional avenues to guide future efforts of policy makers.
What Do Mongolian Facebook Users Want from Advertisers?
Authors: Moslehpour Massoud , Tumurbaatar Jargal , Amri Khoirul
Published: August 2016

This study is one of its kinds to explore Mongolian Facebook users’ attitudes towards advertising. It uses traditional factors and examines the relationship among the factors to dicover the variables with strongest influence among the Mongolian Facebook users. Moreover, researchers included gender as one of the relevant demographic variables as the moderating variable. This study surveyed 400 Mongolian Facebook active users through the online questionnaire. The research findings indicate that informativeness and entertainment followed by credibility are the most influential factors of Facebook users’ attitudes towards advertising. In addition, gender moderates the relationship between credibility and attitude towards Facebook advertising. For practical implications, this study helps business marketers who are interested in attracting Mongolian customers within the Facebook advertising program. For social implications, social scientists may find the results useful for their study of human behavior and motivation, and how this information may affect attitudes towards the adoption and attraction of advertisings. This study is limited to Mongolian Facebook users.
Success of Post-Natural Disaster Reconstruction Projects–Significance of Community Perspective
Authors: Shafique Kamran
Published: August 2016

Climate change induced by rapid urbanization resulting in increased frequency and severity of natural disasters. Losses due to natural disasters are continuously rising, thus requirement of post-natural disaster reconstruction (PDR) is also increasing. PDR projects involve piles of resources and efforts; therefore, it is becoming more important to ensure success and sustainability of PDR projects. Usually PDR projects involve interests of a large number of stakeholders and each stakeholder perceives success of project through its own perspective. The purpose of this research study is twofold; firstly, it aims at substantiating the significance of affected community, as most important stakeholder in PDR project. Secondly, it aims at revealing the importance of affected community view point and its consideration for success and adoptability of a PDR project. Through rigorous literature review and case study method, this paper has critically analysed two typical post natural disaster reconstruction projects, one each from Pakistan & Sri Lanka. This research study has concluded that affected community is an important stakeholder and consideration of their viewpoint and involving them in decision making process, especially in planning and implementation phase is very important for success and sustainability of a PDR projects. Despite employing huge financial and other resources, disregarding and disengagement of community could lead a project to the failure. These findings also helped to outline a few recommendations for the practitioners to ensure success of PDR projects.
Detection of Emerging Food Pathogens in Chicken Meat Using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Raja Satheesh , Rao Appa , Babu Narendra , Thamizhannal Thamizhannal
Published: August 2016

A study was undertaken to develop a multiplex PCR (m-PCR) protocol for simultaneous detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Listeria monocytogenes in chicken meat. The extraction of DNA was carried out using commercial DNA extraction kit, Phenol Chloroform and boiling method. Samples with OD ratio (260:280) between 1.7 and 1.9 were considered good in terms of concentration and purity and were used for PCR amplification. DNA extraction kit and Phenol Chloroform method revealed good OD value were used for sample extraction process. PCR and m-PCR amplification was carried out using genus specific primers were designed by targeting its Hyp (500 bp) and prfA (290 bp) gene for Campylobacter jejuni and Listeria monocytogenes respectively. Electrophoresis of amplified PCR products and gel documentation revealed 500 bp and 290 bp in 2% Agarose. The multiplex PCR technique was standardized using the reference strains with the similar amplification procedure. The minimum detection level (sensitivity) by mPCR for Campylobacter jejuni and Listeria monocytogenes was found to be 0.2 ng/ul and 1.0 ng/ul of DNA in a reaction mixture (25 ul). The developed multiplex PCR technique could detect Campylobacter jejuni and Listeria monocytogenes upto 3 × 105 and 3 × 104 CFU/ml of artificially inoculated meat homogenate. Around 60 chicken meat samples were collected from different regions of chennai and were screened for the presence of Campylobacter jejuni and Listeria monocytogenes. All the samples screened were not positive either for Campylobacter jejuni and Listeria monocytogenes. The negative samples were further checked by culture methods and good correlation between these two methods was observed.  Hence, the m-PCR technique developed in this study can be used as a rapid screening test for detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Listeria monocytogenes from chicken meat within 24 hours.
Cassava Biomass Transformation by Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: De Souza Igor A. , Nascimento Paulo G. B. D. , Orsi Daniela C. , Lunardi Claure Nain
Published: August 2016

The cassava spirit, known as tiquira, is produced mainly in the north region of Brazil and it is regulated by Brazilian legislation. This study aimed to evaluate the traditional method of cassava spirit production, using a controlled process with application of fermentation technology in a laboratory scale production. Aspergillus oryzae was used for liquefaction and saccharification of cassava starch. It was obtained wort with 13.03 °Brix and 6.80% of reducing sugars. Commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast was used for alcoholic fermentation. After alcoholic fermentation, it was obtained fermented wort with very low volatile acidity. The cassava spirit was obtained by a double distillation process, with separation of the fractions head, heart and tail. The heart fraction of the distillate showed alcohol content of 51.56oGL. The contents of aldehydes, esters, methanol and higher alcohols (n-propyl, isobutyl and isoamyl) were determined in cassava spirit using gas chromatography. According to the results, the cassava spirit showed methanol and higher alcohols contents above the limits imposed by Brazilian legislation.
Markten, cultuur en prestatie- en uiterlijkbevorderende middelen (PUBM): de eigenschappen van dealers die opereren in België en Nederland
Authors: van de Ven Katinka
Published: August 2016

Markets, culture and performance and image enhancing drugs (PIEDs): the characteristics of dealers who operate in Belgium and the Netherlands

It has become evident that the use of performance and image enhancing drugs (PIEDs) is becoming an important societal issue, with ramifications extending beyond elite sport. A particular concern of authorities is that the majority of PIEDs are not legally obtained through a physician, by means of a prescription, but instead are illegally purchased on the illicit market. Currently little research exists on the illegal production and supply of PIEDs. However, understanding illicit PIED markets is important for policy decisions as knowledge on the production and supply of these substances may assist in designing law enforcement efforts, harm reduction initiatives and other measures. This article will, therefore, focus on the production and supply of PIEDs in Belgium and the Netherlands. Specifically, it will examine the general characteristics of PIED suppliers and the ways in which the behaviour of dealers are influenced by cultural factors. In particular the role of the legal profession of PIED suppliers is examined, taking the fitness industry as an example. This research is based on a content analysis of 64 PIED-dealing cases initiated by criminal justice agencies in the Netherlands (N=33) and Belgium (N=31). This article illustrates that the dealing of PIEDs is a rather specialised business and that not everyone has the suitable ties, opportunities and/or knowledge to enter the PIED market. Many PIED dealers are already devoted to a gym, sport, medical, or other subculture before becoming involved in dealing. Importantly, the embeddedness of PIED-related supply-side activities in legitimate professions, roles, and institutional settings form an integral part of the market culture these dealers engage in. We, therefore, need to examine the production, distribution and use of PIEDs, as embedded within a diverse combination of social, economic and cultural processes, in which none is simply reducible to the other.
Interview met Peter Cohen
Authors: Zaitch Damián , Decorte Tom
Published: August 2016

Interview with Peter Cohen

Despite the fact that Peter Cohen has not written about drugs for the past 10 years, he remains one of the most influential and radical thinkers and researchers in the Netherlands in the field of drug use and drug policy. The former director of the CEDRO (Centrum voor Drugsonderzoek) at the University of Amsterdam is certainly a ‘significant other’ in the European drug landscape as he challenged, in the 1980s and 1990s, mainstream views and discourses on drugs held by the political, academic and health service establishments. In this interview we first discuss with him some of the key life events and intellectual sources that shaped his early choices first as student and later as young researcher, illustrating why and how he came to study drugs and remained at the university. Further, we focus on Cohen’s particular relation with the Amsterdam political elite in the 80s, which allowed him to develop the first large-scale studies in the Netherlands on different types of drug users. He further expands on his critique to the way in which drug use was at the time socially constructed in discourse and practice. During the second part of the 1990s, a new generation of politicians and managers (local and national government, but also at universities), changed on the one hand the political agenda about drugs, and imposed on the other serious limitations to conduct innovative research within the university. He finally explains some of his key ideas about the ways in which drug policies and interventions resemble religious wars and crusades, his growing disenchantment with present developments at European level, and he reflects on the future of drugs commenting on the present attempts to regulate cannabis.
Tristão de Ataíde e os Três Andrades: o problema de Deus
Authors: Rodrigues Leandro Garcia
Published: August 2016

Carta e literatura – uma sintomática relação. Este ensaio tem o objetivo de apresentar determinados aspectos da troca missivista entre Alceu Amoroso Lima (o Tristão de Athayde) com Oswald de Andrade, Carlos Drummond de Andrade e Mário de Andrade, ou seja, com os Três Andrades do Modernismo brasileiro. Nosso principal alvo analítico foi a problemática envolvendo a questão religiosa: o catolicismo e a prática da fé, o ateísmo ou o agnosticismo, a Igreja Católica – assuntos estes muito debatidos nesses epistolários, os quais sintetizo chamando de “o problema de Deus”.  Também serão discutidos alguns aspectos próprios e relativos do gênero epistolar, como sua natureza complexa e amorfa e sua importância, cada vez mais declarada, aos estudos literários e culturais, com particular atenção à Teopoética, aqui focalizada em relação ao nosso complexo processo modernista.
“Ave Maria Cheia de Faces”: Sobre a emergência do espiritual em meio ao retorno do religioso na pós-modernidade
Authors: Mariani Ceci Maria Costa Baptista
Published: August 2016

É certo que a modernidade trouxe para o ocidente o processo de secularização e a consequente diminuição do poder social da religião. O colapso das grandes narrativas e o enfraquecimento das instituições aprofundaram o movimento que foi relegando a religião à intimidade do sujeito. No contexto da ilustração, a liberdade religiosa é concedida ao sujeito contanto que sua prática não afete o espaço público. Contudo, ao contrário da análise daqueles dos teóricos da secularização que previam o fim da religião, tem-se observado na contemporaneidade o chamado “retorno do religioso”. Em meio à consolidada secularização moderna emerge uma diversidade de fenômenos religiosos. Estamos vivendo, de fato, um tempo de pluralismo religioso. Este artigo propõe a análise do enredo “Ave Maria cheia de faces”, apresentado no desfile da Escola de Samba Águia de Ouro no carnaval de 2016, no sambódromo do Anhembi em São Paulo. Nossa hipótese é que essa apresentação artística representa a emergência do religioso na pós-modernidade, no entanto, por suscitar movimentos espirituais mais densos e profundos, pode ser identificada como um fenômeno que indica o retorno do espiritual. Observamos, portanto, uma religião sem religião que reflete, paradoxalmente, uma busca espiritual mais profunda, para além da espiritualidade do consumo tão bem descrita por Lipovetski (2007) em sua crítica à contemporaneidade. Colocamo-nos diante da apresentação desse enredo em desfile na avenida, como diante de uma obra de arte que traduz esse fenômeno religioso. Usamos neste trabalho o método teórico, elegendo como interlocutor privilegiado o teólogo mexicano Carlos Mendoza-Ávarez, em sua obra O Deus escondido da pós-modernidade, que trata de entender a religião na pós-modernidade em diálogo com a filosofia, focando principalmente os autores que trabalham com a desconstrução (Vattimo, Derrida). Este artigo é, portanto, uma leitura filosófico-teológica dessa apresentação artística, buscando identificar elementos de uma espiritualidade profunda nesse contexto paradoxal onde se proliferam propostas religiosas em resposta às exigências do consumo.
The Radical Right and Religious Discourse. The Golden Dawn, the Lega Nord and the Sweden Democrats Compared
Authors: Grazia Martino Maria , Papastathis Konstantinos
Published: August 2016

The paper investigates whether there is a link between the main radical right-wing parties in Greece, Italy and Sweden and the pre-dominant church institutions within these countries. The focus lies on the interaction between the party’s ideology and the church‘s political discourse. We distinguish between the ‘internal supply side’ (the party’s discourse on the religious agenda), the ‘external supply side’ (the Church’s current discourse), and the ‘demand side’ (the Church’s traditional discourse). The research aim is to determine whether religious voters (who are formal church members, who believe and who practice regularly) might constitute a potential electorate for radical right-wing parties. This assumption builds on the ‘pathological normalcy’ thesis that radical right-wing parties promote an extreme version of the mainstream values in society (Mudde 2010). The method for elaborating the official church and party documents is based on the theorization of the so-called Essex school of dis- course analysis. The findings of the paper are that the religious electorate is a potential pool for the radical right party family to the extent that the internal supply side and the external supply side overlap. This applies to the largest extent in Greece, to a medium extent in Italy and to a low extent in Sweden.
Is the Alternative for Germany Really Right-Wing Populist?
Authors: Wolf Tanja
Published: August 2016

Although the Alternative for Germany (AfD) is one of the most discussed parties in Germany at the moment, neither journalists nor politicians are sure whether it should be classified as conservative, right-wing extremist or right-wing populist. The existing attempts at a scientific classification, all varying in approach and results, share a lack of methodological basis. Therefore, this paper classifies the AfD according to four different definitions by analyzing both primary and secondary sources in a qualitative way. While three of these approaches are rather common models of the right-wing spectrum, one is a new approach, covering only the (right-wing) populist spectrum. Therefore, the criteria of these four different attempts at structuring the right-wing party spectrum are operationalized and both party platforms and scientific papers on the AfD are dissected.
Die neue Ordnung auf dem alten Kontinent. Eine Geschichte des neoliberalen Europa
Authors: Hloušek Vít
Published: August 2016

Ther, Philipp (2014). Die neue Ordnung auf dem alten Kontinent. Eine Geschichte des neoliberalen Europa. Berlin: Suhrkamp Verlag, 431 pages.
Physical association between a novel plasma-membrane structure and centrosome orients cell division
Authors: Negishi Takefumi , Miyazaki Naoyuki , Murata Kazuyoshi , Yasuo Hitoyoshi , Ueno Naoto
Published: August 2016

In the last mitotic division of the epidermal lineage in the ascidian embryo, the cells divide stereotypically along the anterior-posterior axis. During interphase, we found that a unique membrane structure invaginates from the posterior to the centre of the cell, in a microtubule-dependent manner. The invagination projects toward centrioles on the apical side of the nucleus and associates with one of them. Further, a cilium forms on the posterior side of the cell and its basal body remains associated with the invagination. A laser ablation experiment suggests that the invagination is under tensile force and promotes the posterior positioning of the centrosome. Finally, we showed that the orientation of the invaginations is coupled with the polarized dynamics of centrosome movements and the orientation of cell division. Based on these findings, we propose a model whereby this novel membrane structure orchestrates centrosome positioning and thus the orientation of cell division axis.
Impact of HIV co-infection on the evolution and transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Eldholm Vegard , Rieux Adrien , Monteserin Johana , Lopez Julia Montana , Palmero Domingo , Lopez Beatriz , Ritacco Viviana , Didelot Xavier , Balloux Francois
Published: August 2016

The tuberculosis (TB) epidemic is fueled by a parallel Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic, but it remains unclear to what extent the HIV epidemic has been a driver for drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Here we assess the impact of HIV co-infection on the emergence of resistance and transmission of Mtb in the largest outbreak of multidrug-resistant TB in South America to date. By combining Bayesian evolutionary analyses and the reconstruction of transmission networks utilizing a new model optimized for TB, we find that HIV co-infection does not significantly affect the transmissibility or the mutation rate of Mtb within patients and was not associated with increased emergence of resistance within patients. Our results indicate that the HIV epidemic serves as an amplifier of TB outbreaks by providing a reservoir of susceptible hosts, but that HIV co-infection is not a direct driver for the emergence and transmission of resistant strains.
A circuit motif in the zebrafish hindbrain for a two alternative behavioral choice to turn left or right
Authors: Koyama Minoru , Minale Francesca , Shum Jennifer , Nishimura Nozomi , Schaffer Chris B , Fetcho Joseph R
Published: August 2016

Animals collect sensory information from the world and make adaptive choices about how to respond to it. Here, we reveal a network motif in the brain for one of the most fundamental behavioral choices made by bilaterally symmetric animals: whether to respond to a sensory stimulus by moving to the left or to the right. We define network connectivity in the hindbrain important for the lateralized escape behavior of zebrafish and then test the role of neurons by using laser ablations and behavioral studies. Key inhibitory neurons in the circuit lie in a column of morphologically similar cells that is one of a series of such columns that form a developmental and functional ground plan for building hindbrain networks. Repetition within the columns of the network motif we defined may therefore lie at the foundation of other lateralized behavioral choices.
Cellular fingers take hold
Authors: Yamashita Yukiko M
Published: August 2016

Invaginations in the membranes of embryonic cells appear to orient cell division in sea squirts.
Interfacial quality improvement of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells by Cu-depletion layer formation
Authors: Nishimura Takahito , Toki Soma , Sugiura Hiroki , Nakada Kazuyoshi , Yamada Akira
Published: August 2016

Se irradiation with time, t
Se, was introduced after the second stage of a three-stage process to control the Cu2Se layer during Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) deposition. Open circuit voltage and fill factor of CIGS solar cells could be improved by introducing Se irradiation. We concluded that the control of the Cu2Se layer led to the formation of a Cu-depletion CIGS layer (CDL), which improved conversion efficiency owing to suppression of interfacial recombination by a valence band offset formed between CIGS and the CDL. Finally, highest efficiency of 19.8% was achieved with t
Se of 5 min. This very simple and new technique is promising for the improvement of photovoltaic performance.
Regulation of the vitamin D receptor by vitamin D lactam derivatives
Authors: Asano Lisa , Waku Tsuyoshi , Abe Rumi , Kuwabara Naoyuki , Ito Ichiaki , Yanagisawa Junn , Nagasawa Kazuo , Shimizu Toshiyuki
Published: August 2016

The active metabolite of vitamin D3, 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3, acts as a ligand for the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and activates VDR‐mediated gene expression. Recently, we characterized 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3‐26,23‐lactams (DLAMs), which mimic vitamin D3 metabolites, as noncalcemic VDR ligands that barely activate the receptor. In this study, we present structural insights onto the regulation of VDR function by DLAMs. X‐ray crystallographic analysis revealed that DLAMs induced a large conformational change in the loop region between helices H6 and H7 in the VDR ligand‐binding domain. Our structural analysis suggests that targeting of the loop region may be a new mode of VDR regulation.
Crystal structure of Arabidopsis thaliana calmodulin7 and insight into its mode of DNA binding
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Mazumder Mohit , Gupta Nisha , Chattopadhyay Sudip , Gourinath Samudrala
Published: August 2016

Calmodulin (CaM) is a Ca2+ sensor that participates in several cellular signaling cascades by interacting with various targets, including DNA. It has been shown that Arabidopsis thaliana CaM7 (AtCaM7) interacts with Z‐box DNA and functions as a transcription factor [Kushwaha R et al. (2008) Plant Cell 20, 1747–1759; Abbas N et al. (2014) Plant Cell 26, 1036–1052]. The crystal structure of AtCaM7, and a model of the AtCAM7‐Z‐box complex suggest that Arg‐127 determines the DNA‐binding ability by forming crucial interactions with the guanine base. We validated the model using biolayer interferometry, which confirmed that AtCaM7 interacts with Z‐box DNA with high affinity. In contrast, the AtCaM2/3/5 isoform does not show any binding, although it differs from AtCaM7 by only a single residue.
Circulation and haline structure of a microtidal bay in the Sea of Japan influenced by the winter monsoon and the Tsushima Warm Current
Authors: Itoh Sachihiko , Kasai Akihide , Takeshige Aigo , Zenimoto Kei , Kimura Shingo , Suzuki Keita W. , Miyake Yoichi , Funahashi Tatsuhiro , Yamashita Yoh , Watanabe Yoshiro
Published: August 2016

Mooring and hydrographic surveys were conducted in Tango Bay, a microtidal region of freshwater influence (ROFI) in the Sea of Japan, in order to clarify the circulation pattern in the bay and its driving forces. Monthly mean velocity records at four stations revealed an inflow and outflow at the eastern and northern openings of the bay, respectively, indicating an anticyclonic circulation across the bay mouth. The circulation was significantly intensified in winter, in accordance with the prevailing NW wind component of the winter monsoon. The anticyclonic circulation at the bay mouth was connected to an estuarine circulation that was evident near the mouth of the Yura River at the bay head. Surface salinity just offshore of the river mouth was closely related to the Yura River discharge, whereas in lower layers the offshore water had a stronger influence on salinity. Prior to a seasonal increase in the Yura River discharge, summer salinity decreased markedly through the water column in Tango Bay, possibly reflecting intrusion of the Changjiang Diluted Water transported by the Tsushima Warm Current. In contrast with the traditional assumption that estuarine circulation is controlled mainly by river discharge and tidal forcing, the circulation in Tango Bay is strongly influenced by seasonal wind and the Tsushima Warm Current. The narrow shelf may be responsible for the strong influence of the Tsushima Warm Current on circulation and water exchange processes in Tango Bay.
Performance of the NCREE's on‐site warning system during the 5 February 2016 Mw 6.53 Meinong earthquake
Authors: Hsu Ting‐Yu , Wang Hsui‐Hsien , Lin Pei‐Yang , Lin Che‐Min , Kuo Chun‐Hsiang , Wen Kuo‐Liang
Published: August 2016

The National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering in Taiwan has developed an on‐site earthquake early warning system (NEEWS). The Meinong earthquake with a moment magnitude of 6.53 and a focal depth of 14.6 km occurred on 5 February 2016 in southern Taiwan. It caused 117 deaths, injured 551, caused the collapse of six buildings, and serious damage to 247 buildings. During the Meinong earthquake, the system performance of 16 NEEWS stations was recorded. Based on a preassigned peak ground acceleration (PGA) threshold to issue alarms at different stations, no false alarms or missed alarms were issued during the earthquake. About 4 s to 33 s of lead time were provided by the NEEWS depending on the epicenter distance. In addition, the directivity of the earthquake source characteristic and also possibly the site effects were observed in the diagram of the distribution of PGA difference between the predicted PGA and the measured PGA.
Ground detection of terrestrial gamma ray flashes from distant radio signals
Authors: Lyu Fanchao , Cummer Steven A. , Briggs Michael , Marisaldi Martino , Blakeslee Richard J. , Bruning Eric , Wilson Jennifer G. , Rison William , Krehbiel Paul , Lu Gaopeng , Cramer Eric , Fitzpatrick Gerard , Mailyan Bagrat , McBreen Sheila , Roberts Oliver J. , Stanbro Matthew
Published: August 2016

Terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) are brief bursts of energetic gammy‐ray photons generated during thunderstorms, which have been detected almost exclusively by satellite‐based instruments. Here we present three lines of evidence which includes the three out of three simultaneously observed pairs, the same occurrence contexts, and the consistent estimated occurrence rate, which indicate a direct relationship between a subset of TGFs and a class of energetic radio signal easily detectable by ground‐based sensors. This connection indicates that these gamma ray and radio emissions are two views of the same phenomenon and further enable detection of these TGFs from ground distant radio signals alone. Besides dramatically increasing the detection rate of TGFs, this ground detection approach can identify TGFs in continental and coastal areas that are at latitudes too high for present TGF‐detecting satellites and will provide more insights into the mechanism of TGF production.
Tropical cyclone recurvature: An intrinsic property?
Authors: Chan Kelvin T. F. , Chan Johnny C. L.
Published: August 2016

The typical track of a tropical cyclone (TC) in the Northern Hemisphere is an initial northwestward movement followed by an eventual turning toward the east. Such turning is referred to as recurvature and often explained by the change of the environmental flow that steers the TC. Here we show that even in the absence of background flow, a TC initiated at a high enough latitude can recurve itself. Differential horizontal advection of the planetary vorticity by the TC circulation at different vertical levels leads to the development of vertical wind shear, upper tropospheric anticyclone, and asymmetric distribution of convection. The flow associated with the upper tropospheric anticyclone on the equatorward side of the TC and the diabatic heating associated with the asymmetric convection combine to cause the TC to recurve. Such knowledge, an intrinsic recurvature property of the TC is important in forecasting the TC track when the environmental flow is weak.
Tropical cyclone activity over the Southwest Tropical Indian Ocean
Authors: Burns Jessica M. , Subrahmanyam Bulusu , Nyadjro Ebenezer S. , Murty V. S. N.
Published: August 2016

The Southwest Tropical Indian Ocean (SWTIO) is a key region for air‐sea interaction. Tropical cyclones (TCs) regularly form over the SWTIO and subsurface ocean variability influences the cyclogenesis of this region. Tropical cyclone days for this region span from November through April, and peak in January and February during austral summer. Past research provides evidence for more tropical cyclone days over the SWTIO during austral summer (December–June) with a deep thermocline ridge than in austral summer with a shallow thermocline ridge. We have analyzed the Argo temperature data and HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) outputs while focusing on the austral summer of 2012/2013 (a positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) year and neutral El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) year) when seven named tropical cyclones developed over the SWTIO region. This study reveals that the climatic events like the IOD and ENSO influence the cyclonic activity and number of TC days over the SWTIO. We ascertain that the IOD events have linkages with the Barrier Layer Thickness (BLT) in the SWTIO region through propagating Rossby waves, and further show that the BLT variability influences the cyclonic activity in this region.
Using a multiwavelength suite of microwave instruments to investigate the microphysical structure of deep convective cores
Authors: Battaglia A. , Mroz K. , Lang Tim , Tridon F. , Tanelli S. , Tian Lin , Heymsfield Gerald M.
Published: August 2016

Due to the large natural variability of its microphysical properties, the characterization of solid precipitation is a longstanding problem. Since in situ observations are unavailable in severe convective systems, innovative remote sensing retrievals are needed to extend our understanding of such systems. This study presents a novel technique able to retrieve the density, mass, and effective diameter of graupel and hail in severe convection through the combination of airborne microwave remote sensing instruments. The retrieval is applied to measure solid precipitation properties within two convective cells observed on 23–24 May 2014 over North Carolina during the IPHEx campaign by the NASA ER‐2 instrument suite. Between 30 and 40 degrees of freedom of signal are associated with the measurements, which is insufficient to provide full microphysics profiling. The measurements have the largest impact on the retrieval of ice particle sizes, followed by ice water contents. Ice densities are mainly driven by a priori assumptions, though low relative errors in ice densities suggest that in extensive regions of the convective system, only particles with densities larger than 0.4 g/cm3 are compatible with the observations. This is in agreement with reports of large hail on the ground and with hydrometeor classification derived from ground‐based polarimetric radars observations. This work confirms that multiple scattering generated by large ice hydrometeors in deep convection is relevant for airborne radar systems already at Ku band. A fortiori, multiple scattering will play a pivotal role in such conditions also for Ku band spaceborne radars (e.g., the GPM Dual Precipitation Radar).