bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Renewable Energy in Indian agriculture
Authors:   Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal (MP)-38, India, Gangil Sandip , CR Mehta ,   Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal (MP)-38, India
Published: February 2023

Energy plays a key role in agricultural production, post-production, rural domestic and livestock raising sectors, both directly as different forms of energy and fuel inputs for various purposes like operation of machinery, equipment, lighting, etc., and indirectly, for seed, fertilizers and chemicals production used in rural activities. India needs a secure, affordable and sustainable energy system to power effective economic growth well supported with renewable energy sources. Engineering interventions for effective (functionally, energetically and economically) systems is utmost needed for rural India. There is need for a revolution in mechanized agriculture, so that new energy efficient systems and machines can be recommended and introduced for small and marginal farmers. There is need to enhance the power availability and optimize the energy input to the rural sector to obtain the better income to agro-rural producers, traders and industrialists. Energy interventions are needed to use the locally available energy sources curtailing the use of fossil energies. The major targets in Indian perspective are the use of available and developed renewable and conventional energy sources and gadgets in rural society and agro-industry using all kinds of available biomass resources including solar electricity, heating and pumping at decentralised mode. We need to employ recent advanced technologies like plasma technology, nano-technology, IoT, artificial intelligence and robotics for effective generation of energy and valued products from rural local renewable resources. Research on solar energy use for production agriculture is challenging due to fluctuating need of torque depending on the agricultural field conditions. The use of batteries for storing and releasing power is another concern for long term use of solar photovoltaic (SPV) gadgets. Bio-CNG has emerged as an option for ex-situ management of crop residue. Thermo-chemical and bio-chemical conversion based electrical power routes are available and there is a need to promote these with better incentives. Energy efficient functionally improved mechanical systems to be introduced in the Indian farms need to be evolved.
ҚАЗАҚСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫНДА КОНТРЕЙЛЕРЛІК ТАСЫМАЛДАУ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯСЫН ҚОЛДАНУ АРҚЫЛЫ ЛОГИСТИКАЛЫҚ ИНФРАҚҰРЫЛЫМНЫҢ ТИІМДІЛІГІН ӘЗІРЛЕУ
Authors: КАСЕНБАЕВА З.У. , ТЛЕУКЕЕВА А.Т. , НУРМУХАНБЕТОВА И.Ж. , КРУНКЕЕВА И.А.
Published: February 2023

В статье рассмотрены вопросы развития транспортно-логистической инфраструктуры автомобильного транспорта в Республике Казахстан. Предложено решение по совершенствованию логистической инфраструктуры в стране, путем использования такой технологии, как контрейлерные перевозки.

Мақалада Қазақстан Республикасында автомобиль көлігінің көліктік-логистикалық инфрақұрылымын дамыту мәселелері қаралды. Контрейлерлік тасымалдар сияқты технологияларды пайдалану арқылы елдегі логистикалық инфрақұрылымды жетілдіру бойынша шешім ұсынылды.

The article deals with the development of transport and logistics infrastructure of road transport in the Republic of Kazakhstan. A solution has been proposed to improve the logistics infrastructure in the country by using space technology as piggyback transportation.
Study on Determinants of Capital Structure in the Pharmaceutical Industry of Pakistan
Authors: Haque Zia ul , Shaiq Muhammad
Published: February 2023

This research on the determinant of capital structure is limited to pharmaceutical companies listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX).  Several researchers both in developed and developing countries have attempted to identify determinant of capital structure for different industries in their economies. The results for various explanatory variables used by researchers have been somewhat mixed. Some of the variable which were found significant in explaining the capital structure in one study remained insignificant in the other studies. This empirical study makes an attempt to explore the determinants of capital structure in the pharmaceutical firms quoted on PSX (Pakistan Stock Exchange). This study coversa ten years period from 2012 to 2021( both inclusive) for seven companies using eleven explanatory variables for leverage. There are twelve companies listed on PSX, seven of these twelve quoted companies on the basis of availability of data for all 10 years have been selected. The results of the study indicate, operating leverage, firm’s specialty, return on asset and tax rate were significant determinants of capital structure. It was also observed that the size of the firm, growth rate, basic earning power, fixed charges coverage ratio, non-debt tax shield, dividend payout ratio and liquidity have a minor (insignificant) influence on the capital structure of the pharmaceutical companies in Pakistan.
Civilization dilema of quality of life
Authors: Hošek Václav
Published: February 2023

The results of human biological and cultural evolution are currently at odds. A prosperous consumer lifestyle as a result of cultural evolution does not provide enough of the adaptive stimuli that man claims as a result of natural biological evolution. The aim of this article is to define civilization dilemmas in relation to the quality of life of modern man. The chosen methods were the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction applied to the method of anchored theory in the sense of studying the concept as the main category, as well as causal and operational thinking. A synthesis of evidence and a critical and reproducible summary of the results of available publications on the subject were performed as well. The results of the study provide knowledge that quality longevity (delaying senescence) requires a certain degree of hormetic stress, especially in the area of ​​caloric restriction, physical and mental exertion and hardening (salutogenetic quadrivium). The first dilemma analyzed is the autodeterministic discomfort self-limitation of the ascetic type. Within the framework of cognitive dissonance and causal attribution, it leads to the question of whether the advanced discomfort will be balanced by a subsequent comfortable life. The second dilemma analyzed is the use of technological possibilities of biotracking (BZV, biomonitoring), which will be increasingly, in accordance with the progress of knowledge, offered in deciding on the nature of necessary human activities, which can be interpreted as a restriction on freedom of decision. Conclusions: The analyzed dilemmas will increasingly affect a person's quality of life in their self-limiting form.
Analisis efek Islamic marketing mix terhadap volume penjualan pada Warung Makan Dapur M’riah Mojokerto
Authors: Ainurrofiq Mokhammad
Published: February 2023

The research objectives are as follows: 1) To simultaneously analyze the effect of product, price, promotion and distribution on sales volume. 2) To partially analyze the effect of product, price, promotion and distribution on sales volume. 3) Analyze the main factors that are the most dominant product, price, promotion and distribution to increase sales volume. The population in this study was the unknown population, the degree was 1.96 with an error rate of 5%, a sample of 96 respondents was determined by sampling using incidental sampling. Validity is measured by product moment correlation, reliability is measured by consistency of alpha reliability intervals. The classical assumption test consists of five tests, namely the normality test, autocorrelation test, heteroscedasticity test, multicolinearity test and linearity test. To prove the hypothesis formulated in this study, the F test and t test were used. From the research results, it can be concluded that: 1) Product, price, promotion, and distribution simultaneously influence sales volume. 2) Product has a partially significant effect on Sales Volume, Price has a partially significant effect on Sales Volume, promotion has a partially significant effect on Sales Volume, distribution has a significant negative effect on the Sales Volume variable. 3) Promotion has a dominant effect on Sales Volume.
SENSITIVITAS HAKIM TERHADAP PERLINDUNGAN HAK ISTERI DALAM KASUS CERAI GUGAT (Analisis Putusan Mahkamah Syar’iyah Banda Aceh Nomor 157/Pdt.G/2020/Ms.Bna)
Authors: Harianti Hanik , Mansari Mansari , Rizkal Rizkal
Published: February 2023

Pasca lahirnya Yurisprudensi Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor.137/K/AG/2007 memberikan warna baru terhadap hak isteri pasca cerai gugat.Yakni isteri berhak mendapatkan nafkah iddah dan mut’ah dari bekas suami.Namun fakta empiris membuktikanaturan tersebut belum terwujud dalam putusan Mahkamah Syar’iyah Banda Aceh Nomor. 157/Pdt.G/2020/MS.Bna.Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan sensitivitas dan kepekaan seorang hakim terhadap perlindungan hak-hak isteri pasca perceraian.Adanya aturan tersebut merupaan bentuk perlindungan terhadap hak-hak isteri pasca percerain.Tujuan dilakukanya penelitian ini untuk mengetahui sensitivitas hakim terhadap hak isteri dalam kasus cerai gugat serta mengetahui alasan hakim tidak memberikan nafkah tersebut.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis-empiris dengan jenis data primer dan data sekunder.Sumber data dalam penelitian ini meliputi bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan studi dokumentasi kepustakaan.Data tersebut dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwahakim di Mahkamah Syar’iyahtelah berupaya memiliki nilai sensitivitas terhadap perlindungan perempuan pasca perceraian.Sensitivitas tersebut dinilai menggunaka dua indikator pertama upaya hakim dalam pemenuhan nafkah mut’ah dan iddah terhadap isteri dalam kasus cerai gugat.kedua perealisasian terhadap hak-hak isteri pasca penetapan putusan Mahkamah Syar’iyah. Faktor yang menyebabkan hakim tidak menetapkan nafkah dalam putusan tersebut diantaranya: Hakim masih menggunakan dasar KHI, isteri tidak mengetahui haknya serta hanya meminta akta cerai.
Perspektif Fiqh Muamalah Tentang Jual Beli Sembako Kadaluarsa
Authors: Wahidah Z Wahidah Z
Published: February 2023

The buying and selling of food items that have expired are often carried out by the community to make a lot of profit, therefore this article seeks to examine more deeply how to carry out the sale and purchase of expired basic necessities and how to review Islamic law on the sale and purchase of expired basic necessities?. This study aims to find out how the practice of buying and selling basic necessities in the Bukit Harapan community and how to review Islamic law related to the practice of buying and selling basic necessities that have expired. This study uses a qualitative approach which is intended to identify and describe clearly and in detail the sale and purchase of expired necessities in Bukit Harapan Village, Gunung Meriah District, Aceh Singkil Regency. The data collection techniques used are observation and interviews. The results of the research are the implementation of the sale and purchase of expired basic necessities to the public, the sale and purchase of basic necessities occurs due to the ignorance of the traders or the lack of thoroughness of the buyers so that the sale and purchase of expired basic necessities occurs. If viewed in the view of Islam, that selling food items that have expired is an act that is strictly prohibited, because it can harm those who consume them, therefore Islam instructs all human beings to pay attention to their food and drink in order to avoid bad food and drink.
Efektivitas Penerapan Sistem E-Court Pengadilan Agama Dalam Perkara Perceraian
Authors: Shodikin Akhmad , Saepullah Asep , Lestari Imas Indah
Published: February 2023

Fast traslate Icon translate     Fast traslate Icon translate     Fast traslate Icon translate E-court is a court instrument as a form of service to the community in terms of online case registration, online payment, sending trial documents (answers, replicates, duplicates and conclusions) and online summons, the e-court application is expected to improve services in its function of receiving online case registration where the public will save time and money when registering a case.This study aims to answer questions from the formulation of the problem: "how is the application of the e-court system in divorce cases at the Cirebon City Religious Court", "What is the impact of the application of the e-court system in the Religious Court of Cirebon City for the community seeking justice"          The research methodology uses a qualitative research methodology, namely research methods based on original data sources, both textually and non-textually.The results of this study: the application of the use of the e-court application in divorce cases, namely after the plaintiff received an electronic call, then an electronic trial was carried out in the trial of the plaintiff and the defendant agreed to conduct an electronic trial by filling in the principal agreement, so the parties could do it according to e-summons to The trial schedule has been integrated with the SIPP trial postponement, for the control mechanism (receiving, checking and forwarding) of all uploaded documents as long as they have not been verified by the judge the parties cannot download the documents sent. The e-court system brings smoothness, convenience and success to its users because with the e-court application, parties do not need to come to the court so that it does not incur transportation costs and it can be more efficient in time spent. Effectiveness of divorce case e-court, Religious Court
Chelating Foods in Chronic Disease: Treatment and Prevention
Authors: Sadeghi Habib
Published: February 2023

As increasing numbers of patients present with chronic illnesses each year, healthcare has remained unable to resolve many of these issues' root causes, resorting to symptom management instead. For example, it is becoming increasingly clear that heavy metal toxicity is highly correlated with these conditions. Still, clinical care has focused more on pharmaceutical and surgical interventions than on trying to understand these underlying connections better. Because heavy metals are ubiquitous in modern life, exposure risk is high for nearly everyone. While chelation therapy has a long history and remains an effective method of removing heavy metals from the body, various foods have also been shown to possess powerful chelating properties. In light of these realities, not only is it incumbent upon physicians to make a heavy metal testing standard protocol for certain conditions, but incorporating a diet emphasizing chelating foods can provide powerful support to existing treatment and act as a preventative measure against bioaccumulation and its associated diseases.
X-Linked Hypophosphatemia
Authors: Barag Steven , Raja Ajith , Shieh Jennifer
Published: February 2023

Linked Hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a genetic disorder that affects the bones and teeth, primarily characterized by low levels of phosphate in the blood. XLH is a rare disorder but is considered the most common inherited form of rickets. The clinical presentation of XLH varies widely with the most common symptoms of XLH being short stature, bowing of the legs, and dental defects. Diagnosis of XLH is typically made through clinical evaluation and genetic testing. Treatment options include monoclonal antibody therapy, oral phosphates, and bisphosphonates. This article will discuss the general clinical presentation of XLH, including the common symptoms and signs, the age of onset, diagnosis and treatment options, and the importance of primary care physician screening.
A historicidade da narrativa patriarcal de José (Gênesis 37 - 50) à luz do contexto histórico-cultural egípcio
Authors: Lovato Fabricio Luís
Published: February 2023

A narrativa patriarcal de José, relatada nos capítulos 37 a 50 do livro de Gênesis, é uma das mais belas e fascinantes histórias da Bíblia e mesmo da literatura mundial. O relato é significativo para os judeus, cristãos e muçulmanos. Apesar disso, alguns estudiosos o tomaram como uma obra de ficção ou romance, produzido tardiamente em relação aos eventos que descreve. Esse artigo discute a confiabilidade dessa narrativa, à luz de diversos detalhes históricos e culturais confirmados por descobertas egípcias contemporâneas.
Comparative analysis of the views of management students and managers on the importance of creativity for work
Authors: Kastratović Edita , Dragić Milan , Arsenijević Olja
Published: February 2023

Major mean of the paper is to present the importance of creativity as a factor of business performance of managers. In particular, this study aims to assess the research of creativity in particular innovation focused on the development and application of methods for its encouragement and learning. The study draws up the empirical research with the subject related to the extent and flexibility of a psychological characteristic of managers as a significant factor in their business success. The goals were to establish the nature of the relationship between the psychological factors of the business performance of managers and creativity and launching practical activities and actioncy by which we could encourage and develop creativity. The research found that not all components of the creative process are equally important for managers and opened new issues related to examining the direction from which factors make it difficult to express creativity. Additional discussions related to some questions about creativity may be conceived. In order to create a creative work, it is necessary to discover and define problems in situations when others do not see the problem.
Employees training in the context of organizational changes in small and medium enterprises in Serbia
Authors: Somborac Borko , Nikitović Zorana , Penjišević Aleksandra
Published: February 2023

Increasing market demands, caused by constant quantitative and qualitative changes, put modern organizations in the position where they need to follow new business trends in order to meet the standards set by customers. Continuous changes create challenges for organizations to address market demands within the framework of improving human resource skills, to create long-term profitability and competitive advantage. In this process, one of the most critical issues related to organizational change is employees' new knowledge, competencies, and skills. Whether structural or "soft" changes, organizations have obligations to adequately prepare and train employees for new work tasks that impose changes in the environment. In such a business environment, continuous and high-quality training contributes to more effective acceptance, implementation, and stabilization of the work process, viewed from the psychological aspect of acceptance of changes by management and employees. To achieve this successfully, organizations should provide a strategic plan for permanent and adequate training to maximize employees' potential in turbulent times. The purpose of this paper is to examine the correlation between employee training in accordance with the changes that are constantly happening in business processes within small and medium enterprises in Serbia.
Psychosocial adaptation to working from home
Authors: Radulović Dejan , Đukanović Borislav , Vučeković Miloš
Published: February 2023

In this study, the psychosocial adjustment to working from home was surveyed on samples of 201 respondents from Bosnia and Herzegovina, 201 from Montenegro, 221 from North Macedonia, and 408 from Serbia. The research was carried out using a questionnaire with 13 questions on the Psychosocial Adjustment Scale, specially created for this research. This research aims to describe the positive and negative aspects of the adjustment to working from home. Additionally, the research will examine the similarities and differences among respondents from four countries of the Western Balkans. The findings showed that the psychosocial adaptation of the respondents was positive, in general. However, respondents in all four countries highlighted the lack of time for socializing with close friends. They also underlined the feeling of social isolation due to working from home as the most difficult. The authors noticed that one of the reasons for the challenges of enduring social isolation and loneliness is the more emphasized collectivist patterns of sociability in the countries of the Western Balkans than in Western countries. Respondents from Montenegro show significantly weaker psychosocial adaptation in several aspects compared to respondents from the other three countries. In this regard, the respondents from North Macedonia are similar to a certain extent, however, the respondents from B &H and Serbia are the most similar to each other. The authors provided possible explanations for these similarities and differences.
Women empowerment through agricultural technology: Case study of Mymensingh-Bangladesh
Authors: Shajahan Kabir , Sahati Wahid , Radović-Marković Mirjana
Published: February 2023

In Bangladesh, attention to women empowerment through agricultural technology adoption is not new, but it has not always been acted upon accordingly. This study attempts to carry out an investigation through using both quantitative and qualitative research tools to examine the extent of women's technology adoption in agriculture and their consequent empowerment attainment in selected villages of Mymensingh sadar. To achieve the objectives of the present study, necessary data were collected by using simple random sampling technique, the study selected total of 60 women respondents. The quantitative analytical tools employed to attain the specific objectives included various descriptive statistical measures, perception index and women empowerment index by adoption technology. The results of perception index analysis indicated that majority had moderate to high favorable perception on greater extent of women's engagement in adoption agricultural technology among which may had low to moderate favorable perception on consequent empowerment attainment. The findings show that almost in all cases, decision was taken jointly by male and female. It is very satisfactory case that decision is taken by female alone particularly in the cases purchase of agricultural equipment, maintenance of agricultural equipment, motivating to use agricultural technologies, selling of old machineries. The value of average women empowerment score is 1.81, which is below from the average empowerment score 2.
What can be expected in credit-risk management from NPL in the western Balkans region in the future?
Authors: Barjaktarović Lidija , Vesić Tamara , Laki Balazs
Published: February 2023

This paper presents an analysis of the impact of the rate of selected parameters on the banking system performance, specifically to non-performing loans (NPLs) movements. The goal is to investigate which the most influential factors affecting the movement of NPLs in the WB countries are, given that research have pointed out the impact of macroeconomic factors on the formation of NPL rates in banking systems. The authors have added several parameters to their methodology, dividing the indicators into internal and external. On the topic of indicators that affect the performance of the banking system, but also predictions of future trends of NPLs, several hypotheses can be set, but this research will start from the hypothesis that the NPL trend can be predicted by creating predictive models which, as the basis, have a combination of macroeconomic and banking system performance indicators. In addition to scientific literature, publications of international development and those by financial institutions were used as well, and the authors also accessed the international database - CEIC data. The time aspect of the research will cover the period 2010-2019, and the prediction of NPL trends will be performed for the period 2020-2025. To determine the final model and the indicator that will most accurately describe the target variable, the Merton's model in the statistical tool R will be developed and prediction tests will be fey performed. The most important statistical methods: linear regression, R2, ADJ R2, correlation matrix. The results show that in 3 out of 5 observed indicators, the one that most influences the trend of problem loans is the unemployment rate. Based on the modelling, the outputs indicate small deviations between the NPL obtained by the model and the publicly announced NPL-trends are very well presented, and the forecast results indicate a sharpening of the NPL trend curve in the period up to 2025. The contribution of this paper is reflected in the time prediction of NPL trends which can be useful to state authorities for adequate measure implementation.
Analysis of the volume of production and sales of wood assortments of the forest farm Kragujevac
Authors: Dimitrijević Mlađan
Published: February 2023

Aware of the importance of companies for the use, processing and marketing of wood products in everyday life, as well as for the development of a national economy, the number of SMEs in this sector in Serbia, as well as everywhere in the world, is conditioned by long-term global demand. The objectives of the research are to perform an analysis of wood products and their market prices, as well as an analysis of trade trends (procurement, sales) in the Sumadija district. The purpose of the research is to point out the possibilities for improving the economic efficiency and the existing business policy in the PE "Srbijasume" SG Kragujevac. The subject of research is the financial elements of the production process in order to obtain information on the production and sale of wood assortments by class. The results show that the wood market in the Republic of Serbia has a large imbalance in the built production capacities of wood processors and the potential provided by forests. Since the production potential of the PE is not sufficient to meet the needs of processors, customers engaged in wood processing on the domestic market provide raw materials for production from several sources.
El sistema de financiación autonómica y la financiación de la sanidad descentralizada
Authors: Herrero Alcalde Ana , Tamayo Lorenzo Pedro A.
Published: February 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer una panorámica general sobre el diseño y funcionamiento de los principales instrumentos que financian las políticas públicas gestionadas por las comunidades autónomas. Para ello, primero se hará una breve aproximación teórica a las razones por las que un suministro descentralizado de los servicios puede, en determinadas circunstancias, generar un mayor bienestar de los ciudadanos, frente a una provisión centralizada. A continuación, entrando en el análisis del proceso de descentralización fiscal español, se presentarán los principios básicos a los que deben responder los sistemas de financiación autonómica. Además, se analizarán los principales instrumentos que conforman los modelos de financiación común y foral, así como los resultados más destacables generados por aquellos. Por su enorme importancia cuantitativa y cualitativa en las finanzas autonómicas de la última década, también se hará una breve referencia al diseño y funcionamiento de los fondos extraordinarios de liquidez. En la última sección se destacarán las principales cuestiones pendientes de nuestro modelo de financiación territorial.
Uniform laws and regulations in the areas of legal metrology and fuel quality :
Authors: Butcher Tina G , Sefcik David A , Warfield Lisa , Bowers Shelby , Lippa Katrice A
Published: February 2023

NIST Handbook 130 includes a compilation of model laws and regulations and related interpretations and guidelines designed to encourage uniformity in adoption and implementation of weights and measures laws and regulations. The model laws and regulations included in NIST Handbook 130 are adopted in various forms by many state, local, and some federal weights and measures authorities. Some authorities adopt the current versions as written; some use them as the basis of adoption, but from an earlier year; some use them as a guideline only; some elect to use their own laws or regulations; and some have no corresponding law or regulation in place. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has a statutory responsibility to promote "cooperation with the states in securing uniformity in weights and measures laws and method of inspection" and publishes this and other NIST Handbooks in partial fulfillment of this responsibility. This 2023 edition includes amendments made through the Committee on Laws and Regulations of the NCWM with technical guidance from the Office of Weights and Measures (OWM) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and input from weights and measures officials and industry representatives. These amendments were adopted by the NCWM at its 107th Annual Meeting in July 2022. At the 1983 Annual Meeting, the NCWM voted to change the title of Handbook 130 from "Model State Laws and Regulations" was to be changed to "Uniform Laws and Regulations" to reflect that these Laws and Regulations are (a) intended to be standards rather than just guidelines, and (b) intended for adoption by political subdivisions other than states when deemed appropriate. In 1995 the title was changed to Uniform Laws and Regulations in the areas of legal metrology and motor fuel quality. In the 1997 Edition of Handbook 130 was changed from "Uniform Laws and Regulations the words "motor fuel quality" was changed to "engine fuel quality" to reflect changes made to the Uniform Engine Fuels, Petroleum Products, and Automotive Lubricants Law and Regulation. In 2018, the scope of the Fuels regulation was expanded to encompass the changing fuels in the marketplace, and the title to the Handbook was changed to how it appears today.
Checking the net contents of packaged goods :
Authors: Butcher Tina G , Sefcik David A , Warfield Lisa , Benham Elizabeth J , Bowers Shelby L , Lippa Katrice A
Published: February 2023

This handbook has been prepared as a procedural guide for the compliance testing of net content statements on packaged goods. Compliance testing of packaged goods is the determination of the conformance results of packaging, distribution, and sale of commodities to specific legal requirements for net content declarations. This handbook has been developed primarily for the use of state, local, and some federal officials. However, it should be useful to commercial and industrial establishments areas of packaging, distribution, and sale of commodities. NIST has statutory responsibility for "cooperation with states in securing uniformity of weights and measures laws and methods of inspection and publishes this and other NIST Handbooks in partial fulfillment of this responsibility. This 2023 edition includes amendments made though the Committee on Laws and Regulations of the National Conference on Weights and Measures (NCWM) with technical guidance from the Office of Weights and Measures (OWM) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and input from weights and measures officials and industry representatives. These amendments were adopted by the NCWM at its 107th Annual Meeting in July 2022. There may be years where there are no changes to this NIST Handbook 133; therefore, it would not be published on an annual basis in such instances. In conducting compliance testing, the conversion of measured quantity values between systems of measurement (e.g., from the metric system to the U.S. customary system) should be handled with careful regard to the implied correspondence between measurement accuracy and the number of digits displayed. For all conversions, the number of significant figures retained should be congruous with the accuracy of the corresponding measurement. For this edition of NIST Handbook 133, all quantity values obtained from devices or through test procedures have been rounded to two significant digits (e.g., 2.5 cm to 1.0 in), or to a precision level applicable to the test equipment (e.g., 200 kPa for 25 psi or 35 MPs for 5000 psi).
Genetic variation and cryptic lineage among the sergestid shrimp Acetes americanus (Decapoda)
Authors: Morilhas Simões Sabrina , Caetano Costa Rogério , Lopes Carvalho Fabricio , Carvalho-Batista Abner , de Souza Alves Teodoro Sarah , Mantelatto Fernando L.
Published: February 2023

The taxonomic status of the sergestid shrimp, Acetes americanus, has been questioned for several decades. No specific study has been performed thus far to resolve the incongruences. This species has a wide geographical range in the western Atlantic and is represented by two formally accepted subspecies: Acetes americanus carolinae, distributed in North America, and Acetes americanus americanus, present in South America. However, there are regions where the coexistence of both subspecies has been reported, such as Central America. This study aimed to genetically compare specimens of A. a. americanus collected in South America with A. a. carolinae sampled in North America to check for possible differences and the existence of more than one subspecies of A. americanus on the Brazilian coast. Based on the sequences of two informative markers, the cytochrome oxidase I region (COI) and 16S rRNA, phylogenetic reconstruction demonstrated well-defined clades with high support values, reinforcing the idea that A. a. americanus is genetically different from A. a. carolinae. Our hypothesis was corroborated as the specimens collected in Brazil were divided into two distinct lineages: the first composed of A. a. americanus sensu stricto (Brazil 1) and the second by Acetes americanus (Brazil 2). The three groups evidenced in the haplotype network were the same as those observed in the phylogenetic tree. The morphometric character (height/length of the thelycum) was effective in distinguishing A. a. Brazil 1 from A. a. carolinae. However, more detailed and conclusive studies comprising other characteristics to propose and describe a possible new entity are necessary. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, the results of this study provide some insights into the taxonomic status of the sergestid shrimp A. americanus in the western Atlantic.
Association between androgen receptor gene alteration and osteoporosis in Chinese Han elderly men
Authors: Huang Xin , Zhang Zhengdong , Zou Liangxuan , Li Wenbo , He Jun
Published: February 2023

Objective

To explore the role of blood glucose, blood lipids, and androgen receptor gene (CAG)n genotype in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in Chinese Han men and to provide theoretical value for screening people susceptible to osteoporosis.

Methods

Patients who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College from February 2021 to October 2021 were selected as research subjects to measure bone density by double-energy X-ray, osteoporosis patients as osteoporosis group (40 patients), and non-osteoporosis patients as the control group (40 patients). The STR method detected the repeat times of the androgen receptor gene (CAG)n in the two groups. The repeat times ≤22 were the SS genotype, and >22 were the LL genotype. Meanwhile, the patient’s age, body mass index (BMI), blood glucose, blood lipids, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase examined on day one after admission were collected, and the statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0.

Results

The results of the univariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference in age, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and glycosylated hemoglobin between the two groups (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in average blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and genotype frequency (P < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed significant differences in total cholesterol and genotype frequency between the two groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Androgen receptor LL genotype and elevated total cholesterol may be the risk factors for osteoporosis in older men of Han nationality.
A Case Report and Review of Increased IgE in Patients with Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy and Atopic Dermatitis after Normalization of IgG
Authors: Raham Tareef Fadhil
Published: February 2023

The coexistence of a high IgE level and transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy ( THI ) with atopic dermatitis (AD) is well known, but the coexistence with a marked serum IgE level ≥ 1000 IU/mL is a rare finding. Literature is scarce regarding IgE levels in patients with THI and AD after treatment with immunoglobulin (Ig). We reported a female infant 8 months old, with THI and severe AD. She was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) infusion after the failure of conventional therapy. Initially, serum levels of IgE were high, and serum levels of IgG were low. After 4 weeks of treatment with IVIG, patient profile showed normalization of IGE and higher elevation in IgG level. The present article is the first to describe a finding of marked IgE elevation (> 1000 IU/mL) after treatment with IVIG. Furthermore, our finding is supported by our review of increased IgE levels in patients with THI and AD who received IG therapy. According to our review different trend of IgE levels in patients who achieved spontaneous normalization of IgG was found.
Tsallis’ Analysis of the Horizontal Component of the Earth’s Magnetic Field over India during 2002
Authors: Jayapal R. , Anilkumar C. P. , Unnikrishnan K. , Venugopal Chandu
Published: February 2023

A widely used measure of entropy to quantify uncertainity in an open system is the Boltzmann-Gibbs (B-G) entropy. It, however, cannot describe non-equilibrium systems with large variability and multi-fractality. A generalisation of the B - G entropy is the Tsallis’ entropy. The values of the horizontal components of the Earth’s magnetic field, observed at various stations in India in 2002 were used. During the years 2000 – 2002, solar cycle 23 reached its maximum. Data from Ettaiyapuram (ETT, latitude = 90 10’ N, longitude =  780 01’ E, geomagnetic latitude = 0.130 N), Visakhapatnam (VIS, 170 41’ N,  830 19’ E, 8.170 N), Hyderabad (HYD, 170 25’ N,  780 33’ E,  8.170  N), Alibag (ABG, 180 37’ N,  720 52’ E, 10.020 N) and Tirunelveli (TVI, 80 42’ N, 770 48’ E, 0.320 S) were used. Using these values as inputs, we demonstrate that Tsallis’ entropy can be used to detect minor differences in the horizontal components of the geomagnetic field observed between different pairs of stations. The method is a very simple and elegant one to detect minor variations between pairs of similar signals.
Evaluation of IPM Modules against Major Pests of Okra, (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in Saran District, Bihar, India
Authors: Prasad Surendra , Mandal Sunil Kumar , Jha R. K.
Published: February 2023

Experiments were carried out at ten locations of Saran district, Bihar during kharif season 2017 with okra crop cv ‘Supper green’. The assessment reveled that module (M4) proved the most effective treatment against okra pest and diseases i.e. shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella F., yellow vein mosaic virus, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) and red spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch in which lowest incidence was recorded as compared to other IPM modules, farmer practices and control plot during 2017. IPM Module III (shoot and fruit borer 7.02% on shoot, 9.87% on fruits, yellow vein mosaic virus 16.25% and red spider mites 3.35% infestation) was next effective against the major pest of okra crop in compression to IPM modules I (shoot and fruit borer 12.24% on shoot, 18.12% on fruits, yellow vein mosaic virus 24.42% and red spider mites 9.05% infestation), respectively. Significantly, maximum fruit yield was observed in module IV 210.10 q/ha. This was significantly superior over all other module. The impact of various IPM modules showed that net return was also higher in module IV which was Rs.76430.00/ha.
The Beneficial Opportunities of Climate Change for Enhanced Socio-Economic Development: A Review
Authors: Lusiru Sifuni Nikombolwe
Published: February 2023

Many studies on adaptation to the impacts of climate change have been undertaken globally since the passing of the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992. This is because the UNFCCC recognizes that climate change is one of the main challenges to sustainable development. However, many of the studies have focused on the negative impacts of climate change and the adaptation strategies thereto. Despite the fact that climate change is known to have both negative and positive impacts, the positive impacts of climate change and the strategies for benefiting from them have not been given sufficient attention by researchers. This paper reviews the literature produced by researchers focusing on adaptation to the impacts of climate change. The review in question has shown that a myriad of studies focus on the negative impacts of climate change and adaptation strategies thereto in various socio-economic sectors. It has also shown that only a few studies have investigated the positive impacts of climate change. This paper argues for a need to change viewpoint from studying adaptation to the negative impacts of climate change alone to the inclusive approach in which both adaptation to negative and positive impacts of climate change will receive equal consideration. The approach will improve the capacity of various socio-economic systems to sustainably adapt to the current and future impacts of climate change.
A Novel Dual-wavelength, Dual-function Laser System for Presbyopia and Glaucoma Treatments
Authors: Lin Jui-Teng
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To update the accommodation mechanisms and propose a dual-wavelength, dual-function laser system for presbyopia and glaucoma treatments.

Study Design: Laser sclera softening (LSS) for increased accommodation of presbyopic eyes.

Place and Duration of Study: New Taipei City, Taiwan, between Jan., 2023 and Feb., 2023.

Methodology: Accommodation gain (AG) can be improved by: (i) thermal shrinkage of the           scleral stroma and ciliary body, or (ii) softening of the scleral stroma (with temperature                    range of 700C to 900C), such that the the lens front and back curvature change (or lens               thickening), leading to the thickening of ciliary body and its apex, and the increase of the space of ciliary body and lens equation (SCL), and the length of the posterior vitreal zonules (PVZ) increases.

Results: A novel dual-color laser system having wavelength A and B, acting on the front-zone and back-zone of the sclera, respectively, where laser-A has a deep thermal penetration the sclera and ciliary body (CB) (0.5 to 1.0 mm); and laser-B has a shallow penetration depth in the sclera (0.3 to 0.5 mm), based on the optical property of the sclera. Laser-A (having a wavelength about0.8 to 0.98 um) leads to thermal shrinkage of the ciliary body such that the CLS is increased for accommodation gain which is much more effective than the prior art.

Conclusion: The increase of AG can be achieved by scleral softening and ciliary body shrinkage which increase the SCL. A proposed novel dual-color laser system acting on the front-zone and back-zone of the sclera, respectively, could provide higher AG than that of single wavelength, or prior arts using scleral ablation. However, further clinical studies are required to justified the proposed novel system with predicted advantages and efficacy based on the optical properties of sclera.
Analysis of Silver Alert Reporting System Activations for Missing Adults With Dementia in Texas, 2017 to 2022
Authors: McDonald Anthony D. , Danesh Valerie , Ray John M. , Stevens Alan B.
Published: February 2023

This cross-sectional study analyzes data from Silver Alert activations in Texas from 2017 to 2022 to identify temporal, geographic, and wandering characteristics of missing adults with dementia.
Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Bone Mass in Infants With 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations Less Than 50 nmol/L
Authors: Gharibeh Nathalie , Razaghi Maryam , Vanstone Catherine A. , Sotunde Olusola F. , Glenn Laura , Mullahoo Kristina , Farahnak Zahra , Khamessan Ali , Wei Shu Qin , McNally Dayre , Rauch Frank , Jones Glenville , Kaufmann Martin , Weiler Hope A.
Published: February 2023

Importance

The dose of supplemental vitamin D needed in infants born with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations less than 50 nmol/L (ie, 20 ng/mL) is unclear.

Objective

To determine whether a higher dose (1000 IU vs 400 IU per day) is required in infants born with 25(OH)D concentrations less than 50 nmol/L for bone mineral accretion across infancy.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this prespecified secondary analysis of a double-blinded randomized clinical trial, conducted from March 2016 to March 2019 in a single center in Greater Montreal, Quebec, Canada, a consecutive sample of 139 healthy term singletons were recruited from 866 infants screened for vitamin D status at birth. Data were analyzed from June 2021 to November 2022.

Interventions

Capillary blood was collected 24 to 36 hours after birth to measure serum total 25(OH)D concentrations. Infants with 25(OH)D concentrations less than 50 nmol/L were randomized to receive either 1000 IU or 400 IU per day of oral vitamin D3 supplementation from age 1 to 12 months. Infants with 25(OH)D concentrations of 50 nmol/L or greater formed a reference group.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Measures at age 1, 3, 6, and 12 months were preplanned and included whole-body bone mineral content, lumbar spine bone mineral content, and bone mineral density using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and serum 25(OH)D3 using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Results

Of 139 included infants, 81 (58.3%) were male, and the median (IQR) gestational age at birth was 39.6 (38.9-40.6) weeks. A total of 49 infants were included in the 1000 IU per day group, 49 infants in the 400 IU per day group, and 41 in the reference group. Mean (SD) whole-body bone mineral content was not different between trial groups over time (1000 IU per day, 173.09 [2.36] g; 400 IU per day, 165.94 [66.08] g). Similarly, no differences were observed in lumbar spine bone mineral content or density. Mean (SD) serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations were significantly higher in the 1000 IU per day group from age 3 to 12 months (3 months, 115.2 [35.3] nmol/L; 6 months, 121.6 [34.4] nmol/L; 12 months, 99.6 [28.8] nmol/L) compared with the 400 IU per day trial group (3 months, 77.4 [23.3] nmol/L; 6 months, 85.1 [18.6] nmol/L; 12 months, 82.3 [14.3] nmol/L).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, a higher dose of vitamin D supplementation in infants born with 25(OH)D concentrations less than 50 nmol/L did not present advantages to bone mass in infancy. This study supports a standard dose of 400 IU per day of vitamin D supplementation for breastfed infants in Montreal.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02563015