bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rancang Bangun Turbin Angin Poros Horizontal Tiga Sudu Flat Berlapis Tiga Dengan Variasi Sudut Dan Posisi Sudu
Authors: Sahid - , Priyoatmojo Slamet
Published: February 2020

Tujuan tugas akhir rancang bangun turbin angin poros horizontal tiga sudu flat berlapis tiga dengan
variasi sudut dan posisi sudu adalah untuk mengkaji secara eksperimental kinerja turbin angin tiga sudu flat tiga lapis dengan berbagai macam variasi sudut blade, variasi kecepatan angin dan variasi posisi sudu untuk mendapatkan nilai efisiensi sistem terbaik. Metode yang dilakukan adalah merancang desain turbin angin dengan 3 posisi berbeda yang sudutnya dapat divariasikan. Posisi pertama yaitu dengan jarak antar sudu 50 mm, posisi kedua yaitu dengan jarak antar sudu 40 mm dan posisi ketiga yaitu dengan jarak antar sudu 30 mm. Selanjutnya membuat alat-alat utama maupun pendukung pada turbin angin, merakit alat-alat tersebut dan melakukan pengujian turbin angin. Data pengujian yang dibutuhkan berupa kecepatan angin di depan turbin (Vr), luas sapuan turbin (A), putaran poros (n), tegangan (V) dan arus (I). Hasil pengujian yang didapatkan pada posisi 1 untuk kecepatan angin 6 m/s, 7 m/s, 8 m/s dan 9 m/s mencapai efisiensi tertinggi pada sudut 25° yaitu 3,158%, 4,08%, 4,4% dan 3,298%. Pada posisi 2 untuk kecepatan angin 6 m/s, 7 m/s, 8 m/s dan 9 m/s mencapai efisiensi tertinggi pada sudut 20° yaitu 3,23%, 4,27%, 4,883% dan 3,815%. Pada posisi 3 untuk kecepatan angin 6 m/s, 7 m/s, 8 m/s dan 9 m/s mencapai efisiensi tertinggi pada sudut 20° yaitu 3,197%, 4,226%, 3,968% dan 3,262%.
Automatic chip testing system
Authors: Tran Trang Thi Thu , Diep Phuoc-Loc , Phan Vu-Huynh-Tuan , Nguyen Tien-Loc , Le Trung-Khanh , Huynh Quoc-Hung , Le Duc-Hung
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we implement an automatic chip testing system which can be applied on various types of chip packages. The conventional systems, such as manual chip testing systems, often repeat the same steps for input conditions; or high-cost testing systems are designed to be highly optimized, but the installation and operating costs are very expensive. This makes these systems difficult to be applied in education, research or small companies. The automatic chip testing system overcomes the above two weaknesses. The proposed system not only meets the requirement of a basic chip testing process, but also operates automatically and reduces the cost. Users only need to provide input data via a Graphical User Interface (GUI) which is built using C# programming language, then the system will automatically operate and return the corresponding output data to the software to synthesize and compare with the user’s expected data. The hardware is built on the TR4 FPGA Development Kit which helps save the cost of hardware design and its resources. The software and hardware withcommunicate to each other via Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter (UART) protocol. The proposed system is automatic, optimized and low-cost so that it can be applied both in IC design education and industry.
Peran Radioterapi pada Melanoma Kulit
Authors: Hanum Fathiya Juwita , Supriana Nana
Published: February 2020

Melanoma maligna merupakan keganasan sel penghasil pigmen (melanosit) yang terutama terdapat pada kulit, namun dapat juga ditemukan pada mata, telinga, mulut, saluran cerna, mukosa genital dan leptomeningen. Melanoma adalah kanker kulit yang bersifat sangat agresif dengan peningkatan insiden pada beberapa dekade terakhir.Pembedahan merupakan modalitas utama dan paling efektif pada kasus melanoma. Namun, pada kondisi dimana pembedahan tidak dapat dilakukan secara radikal atau terdapat faktor prognostik yang buruk dari hasil histopatologi pasca operasi, maka diperlukan terapi adjuvan sebagai tambahan. Dalam kaitannya dengan hal tersebut, radioterapi memiliki peran yang efektif. Lebih lanjut, indikasi radiasi, dosis dan fraksinasi serta target volume akan dipaparkan pada tinjauan ini.
Cloud Computing Security using by Applying Cryptography Technique
Authors: Sadavarte Rajesh Keshavrao , Kurundkar G. D.
Published: February 2020

Cloud computing is the provision of computing and storage capacity to users as a service. Cloud storage is a type of networked online storage where data is stored in virtualized storage pools as a subservice of infrastructure as a service (IaaS) in cloud computing. Cloud computing plays a significant role in the efficient use of resources and in the utilization of service. Regardless of the cloud category (e.g. private, public, hybrid or inter-cloud), all service providers rely on domain server data. As a rapid development and deployment of cloud computing and cloud storage, users are increasingly concerned about security and privacy issues involved in these techniques. This paper provides a summary of basic security problems that consist of conventional security issues. It also addresses the additional challenges resulting from the cloud computing paradigm being used by cloud system providers and consumers. In addition, solutions suggested by some researchers are presented with a focus on cryptographic techniques which support secure storage of the cloud.
Enfrentamento e Resiliência de Pacientes em Tratamento Quimioterápico e seus Familiares
Authors: Silva de Souza Rodrigues Fernanda , Morosini Polidori Marlis
Published: February 2020

Introdução: O tratamento quimioterápico gera inúmeras alterações na vida dos pacientes e de seus familiares. Objetivo: Compreender o processo de enfrentamento da doença e a resiliência dos pacientes com câncer, submetidos a tratamento quimioterápico, e de seus familiares. Método: Estudo qualitativo, realizado por meio de análise de caso incorporado, tendo como participantes tres pacientes internados e seus familiares. A coleta de dados ocorreu através da análise de prontuários e de entrevistas. Resultados: Os participantes demonstraram que o processo de internação hospitalar e os efeitos colaterais do tratamento interferem nas suas relações familiares e sociais. Os participantes demonstraram utilizar duas estratégias de enfrentamento: o focado no problema e o focado na emoção. Conclusão: As informações obtidas por intermédio desta pesquisa sugerem que o tratamento quimioterápico interfere no enfrentamento da doença e no processo de resiliência dos pacientes portadores de neoplasia maligna e de seus familiares. Constatou-se que o tratamento contribui para o desenvolvimento da resiliência, promovendo maior utilização dos fatores protetores dos individuos.
Low Levels of High-density Lipoprotein in Patients with Pediatric Cancer at Diagnosis
Authors: Garófolo Adriana , Dos Santos Maia-Lemos Priscila
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Cancer patients have metabolic imbalances due to the disease, treatment and their complications. Increases in triglycerides and glucose profile and catabolism of protein have been described and are associated with inflammatory response as result of the tumor activity or necrosis. Objective: To evaluate the blood lipid, lipoproteins, glucose and albumin levels in pediatric cancer patients at diagnosis. Method: Observational cross-sectional study. The inclusion criteria were children and adolescents with newly diagnosed malignancies and blood analysis results. The exclusion criteria were: previous anticancer therapy or surgical treatment, blood sample not collected and patients who refused to participate in the study. Results: It were evaluated 81 children and adolescents with newly diagnosed malignancies. There was decrease of 56% and 41% of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG), 14% and 10% of albumin and glucose, and 10% and 7.6% of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), respectively, for the patients. HDL-C showed statistical differences between solid and hematological cancer patients (p < 0.05). The means and medians of albumin, glucose, HDL-C and TG demonstrated that hematological patients are more prone to metabolic disturbances. HDL-C in this group was 24 ± 12 versus 40 ± 15mg/dl in other cancers. Conclusion: The primary result found in the present study was in HDL-C, mainly in patients with hematological and metastatic cancer. These disturbances could be associated with cancer-related acute inflammatory response.
A Importância do Monitoramento e da Identificação Precoce de Cardiotoxicidade do Tratamento com Trastuzumabe no Câncer de Mama: Relato de Caso
Authors: Marques Soares Valente Patricia , Claudino Pires de Souza Walter , Pinho Braga Eduardo , Ferreira Neves Thamires , Lopes da Silva Thamires , De Andrade Martins Wolney , Rodrigues de Castilho Selma
Published: February 2020

Introdução: O câncer de mama representa a neoplasia mais frequente entre as mulheres, com elevada morbimortalidade. Com o advento de novos medicamentos, houve um aumento na sobrevida global; entretanto, o trastuzumabe, um anticorpo monoclonal utilizado no tratamento, pode promover cardiotoxicidade, que deve ser avaliada e monitorada durante o tratamento. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever um relato de caso de paciente que apresentou cardiotoxicidade associada ao uso de trastuzumabe e a importância do monitoramento e da identificação precoce da cardiotoxicidade por meio do monitoramento pelo ecocardiograma (ECO). Relato do caso: Paciente, sexo feminino, 63 anos, hipertensa, obesa, com câncer de mama, apresentou cardiotoxicidade associada ao uso de trastuzumabe, com redução da fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) e desenvolveu diabetes após o tratamento. A paciente fez acompanhamento regular pelo ECO durante o tratamento, tendo sido esse processo fundamental para a detecção precoce e o manejo adequado da cardiotoxicidade associada ao uso do trastuzumabe. Foi utilizado um algoritmo na determinação da causalidade. Conclusão: Este estudo mostra a importância do acompanhamento da FEVE pelo ECO em pacientes submetidas à quimioterapia cardiotóxica, e do monitoramento de possíveis alterações metabólicas após o tratamento oncológico.
Cardio-Oncologia no Brasil: Cenário Atual e Perspectivas
Authors: Câmara dos Santos Maria Verônica , De Sá Earp Siqueira Alessandra , Pereira Renni Marcos Jose
Published: February 2020

Esta edição da Revista Brasileira de Cancerologia, dedicada à cardio-oncologia, alerta sobre a importância do essencial reconhecimento do crescente número de indivíduos em tratamento ou curados do câncer, levanta a compreensão da necessidade de uma integração multidisciplinar das instituições de tratamento, ensino e pesquisa baseadas na prevenção, monitoramento ativo e intervenção terapêutica em tempo hábil, com o intuito de alcançar o controle desse problema tão sério e permitir uma adequada qualidade de vida aos pacientes.
Estudo das Pressões Respiratórias Máximas após Exposição à Radioterapia de Mama em Mulheres: um Estudo-Piloto
Authors: Mello de Ávila Thays , De Souza Ferraz Vanessa , Miziara Barbosa Suzi Rosa , Schiaveto de Souza Albert , Marks Guido , Gomes de Souza Pegorare Ana Beatriz
Published: February 2020

Introdução: No câncer de mama, a radioterapia pós-operatória é amplamente usada para reduzir a incidência de recorrência local da doença. Entretanto, a irradiação das estruturas torácicas implica riscos, especialmente para os pulmões. Objetivo: Estudar as pressões respiratórias máximas (PRM) após exposição à radioterapia de mama em mulheres. Método: Estudo prospectivo observacional realizado no Hospital de Câncer Alfredo Abrão em Campo Grande, estado de Mato Grosso do Sul – MS. A amostra deste estudo foi composta por mulheres (N=8) expostas à radioterapia de mama após cirurgia de quadrantectomia. Avaliou-se a força dos músculos respiratórios por meio da pressão inspiratória máxima (Pimáx) e pressão expiratória máxima (Pemáx), utilizando-se do aparelho portátil denominado manovacuômetro. O exame foi realizado antes da primeira sessão de radioterapia e após a 25ª sessão, correspondendo ao último dia de tratamento radioterápico. Também foram avaliados o peso e a altura para medir o índice de massa corporal, os sintomas respiratórios clínicos de dispneia com o uso da Escala de Dispneia Medical Research Council e a caracterização de tosse com os Critérios Comuns de Toxicidade Pulmonar, em classificação da pneumonite clínica. Resultados: Os valores da Pimáx resultaram em 95,90±23,86 e 81,20±23,12 (média±desvio padrão da média - p=0,035) em relação ao percentual ideal, caracterizando diminuição significativa ao se comparar antes e após a exposição à radioterapia. Observou-se nível de significância de p<0,05, teste t-student e pareado. Conclusão: O estudo das PRM antes e após a exposição à radioterapia de mama evidenciou diminuição significativa da Pimáx.
Mortalidade por Câncer de Fígado e Vias Biliares no Brasil: Tendências e Projeções até 2030
Authors: Cavalcante dos Santos Flávia Arichelle , Gomes de Morais Fernandes Fábia Cheyenne , De Oliveira Santos Emelynne Gabrielly , Martiniano Medeiros Nayre Beatriz , Bezerra de Souza Dyego Leandro , Ribeiro Barbosa Isabelle
Published: February 2020

Introdução: A neoplasia de fígado e vias biliares intra-hepáticas é a sétima mais incidente e representa a segunda maior causa de morte por câncer no mundo. Sendo assim, é crucial compreender a epidemiologia dessa doença, no que diz respeito às tendências temporais da mortalidade e da carga que essa doença apresentará no futuro. Objetivo: Analisar a tendência da mortalidade por câncer de fígado e vias biliares no Brasil e calcular as projeções de mortalidade até 2030. Método: Estudo ecológico baseado em óbitos por neoplasia maligna de fígado e vias biliares intra-hepáticas (C22) ocorridos no Brasil no período de 2001 a 2015 e registrados no Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade. As tendências de mortalidade foram analisadas pela regressão Joinpoint; para o cálculo das projeções, foi utilizado o programa Nordpred. Resultados: Para o sexo feminino, houve redução das taxas de mortalidade nas Regiões Centro-Oeste, Sudeste e Norte no Brasil; para o sexo masculino, essas Regiões apresentaram tendências de aumento, porém não significativo. As taxas de mortalidade para o sexo feminino apresentarão reduções no futuro, com destaque para as taxas das Regiões Norte e Nordeste, com redução de cerca de 30% até 2030. Para o sexo masculino, haverá acréscimo de 12% nas taxas de mortalidade para a Região Sul. Conclusão: A mortalidade por câncer de fígado e vias biliares no Brasil apresenta tendência de redução para o sexo feminino e estabilidade para o sexo masculino, e essa característica será mantida nas próximas décadas.
Estudos in vitro da Atividade Antitumoral de Complexos de Vanádio com Ácidos Órotico e Glutâmico
Authors: Boccato Payolla Filipe , Andrade Aleixo Nadia , Resende Nogueira Flávia Aparecida , Massabni Antonio Carlos
Published: February 2020

Introdução: Foram preparados três complexos de vanádio com ácidos orótico e glutâmico, em suas formas aniônicas, e foi testada sua citotoxicidade in vitro para fibroblastos pulmonares humanos (MRC-5), carcinoma hepatocelular humano (HepG2) e adenocarcinoma colorretal humano (Caco-2). Objetivo: Descrever a síntese e caracterização de novos complexos de vanádio com ácidos orótico e glutâmico e testar sua atividade antitumoral contra HepG2 e Caco-2. Método: Os complexos foram formulados como VO (oro), VO (α-glu) e VO (γ-glu) com base em análises químicas, termogravimétricas e espectros no infravermelho. Resultados: O ensaio de resazurina demonstrou sua citotoxicidade contra as linhagens celulares HepG2 e Caco-2 com o IC50 variando de 7,90 a 44,56 μmol.L-1. Os perfis de citotoxicidade indicam que as linhas tumorais apresentam maior atividade que as células MRC-5, com índices de seletividade variando de 1,58 a 8,96. Conclusão: Os três complexos tiveram melhor atividade in vitro do que a cisplatina, tanto para linhagens celulares normais como cancerosas. Os valores de IC50 são de duas a seis vezes melhores para as linhagens celulares cancerosas e de cinco a sete vezes melhores para as linhagens celulares normais. Este estudo indica que os complexos obtidos são promissores candidatos a fármacos antitumorais.
BATWA – STO LAT PRZEMIAN. MIĘDZY GLOBALIZACJĄ, PAŃSTWEM A TURYSTYKĄ
Authors: Buchalik Lucjan
Published: February 2020

The Batwa – A Hundred Years of Transformation. Between
Globalisation, State and Tourism
The article is a deep refl ection on changes taking place in minority cultures, not
only in contact with their larger neighbours, but also, and above all, under the
infl uence of globalisation processes and the rapid development of tourism. The
research is structured in order to present the Batwa people living in the African
Great Lakes region from a broader time perspective. The juxtaposition of two research
periods, one from the early 20th century (Jan Czekanowski) and the other
from the 21st century (Lucjan Buchalik), made it possible to track the changes in
the everyday life of this community. On the one hand, the Batwa are marginalised,
and on the other hand, they are being absorbed by the surrounding, more dominant
peoples. Studying the transformation process, one can notice that the Batwa accepted
many changes resulting from their contacts with the outside world. It was
the process of forcible displacement from their historical territories that threatened
the existence of this community.
El Teatro de las Instituciones Públicas Contemporáneas
Authors: Junior Jorge Luiz Machado , Esteves Alejandra Luisa Magalhães
Published: February 2020

El derecho y las artes escénicas han estado juntos durante siglos. Las tragedias griegas representaron los casos presentados en los tribunales que demuestran un estrecho vínculo entre los dos. A lo largo de los años, las obras de teatro a menudo reflejan las incoherencias de las decisiones judiciales o leyes aplicadas injustamente o ineficazmente. Las artes escénicas se utilizan para ayudar a la ley de pregrado a experimentar las experiencias de la profesión a través de la simulación de tribunales, monitores donde hay una necesidad de puesta en escena. Sin embargo, se enfatiza que la intención es preparar al estudiante para las diversas situaciones que el estudiante puede pasar por el ejercicio de sus actividades. En este contexto, se observan las instituciones públicas y sus peculiaridades. Estos presentan una imagen desgastada frente a los problemas a los que se enfrenta actualmente, como la corrupción y la ineficiencia gerencial que se abordan más profundamente en la búsqueda de posibles soluciones a la lentitud en la prestación de servicios. Por último, cabe señalar que existe la posibilidad de correlacionar el teatro y las instituciones públicas para dilucidar el papel de sus actores en la gestión de los servicios prestados.

Palabras clave: teatro, institución pública, lentitud.
Il Teatro nelle Istituzioni Pubbliche Contemporanee
Authors: Junior Jorge Luiz Machado , Esteves Alejandra Luisa Magalhães
Published: February 2020

La destra e le arti dello spettacolo sono state insieme per secoli. Le tragedie greche hanno descritto i casi presentati nei tribunali che dimostrano uno stretto legame tra i due. Nel corso degli anni, i giochi spesso riflettono le incongruenze delle decisioni giudiziarie o delle leggi applicate ingiustamente o inefficaci. Le arti dello spettacolo sono utilizzate per aiutare il diritto universitario a sperimentare le esperienze della professione attraverso la simulazione di tribunali, monitor i quali c’è bisogno di messa in scena. Tuttavia, si sottolinea che l’intenzione è quella di preparare lo studente per le varie situazioni che lo studente può passare attraverso l’esercizio delle sue attività. In questo contesto, si osservano le istituzioni pubbliche e le loro peculiarità. Questi presentano un’immagine usurata di fronte ai problemi attualmente affrontati, come la corruzione e l’inefficienza manageriale che si affrontano più a fondo nella ricerca di possibili soluzioni alla lentezza nella fornitura dei servizi. Infine, si osserva che vi è la possibilità di correlare il teatro e le istituzioni pubbliche per chiarire il ruolo dei suoi attori nella gestione dei servizi forniti.

Parole chiave: teatro, istituzione pubblica, lentezza.
Avaliação do ensino e aprendizagem
Authors: Pinto Jacyguara Costa , Rodrigues Helton Barbosa , Silva Vanessa de Souza da
Published: February 2020

O artigo apresenta estudos sobre os novos desafios postos á educação, sendo imprescindível pensar no modelo de avaliação utilizado pelos docentes atualmente. Por isso, buscou-se analisar os processos de planejamento avaliativo realizado nas séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Os resultados foram obtidos através do uso do método de pesquisa bibliográfica de natureza descritiva e abordagem qualitativa, realizando-se a análise de conteúdos de livros e artigos científicos que permitiram conectar os estudos e as perspectivas empíricas do pesquisador, norteando a construção dos resultados em três seções, as quais foram descritas deste ponto em diante. No desenvolvimento do artigo foi analisada a avaliação do ensino e aprendizagem, fora descrita a importância da auto avaliação para o educador imparcial; e, foi possível compreender, brevemente, a adoção da avaliação participativa por objetivos na realidade educacional do Ensino Fundamental. Concluiu-se, que o problema do artigo foi respondido, o objetivo geral foi atingido e confirmou-se a hipótese de que qualquer instrumento utilizado pelos professores e pela escola para realizar a avaliação, configura uma forma de estabelecer níveis de aprendizado, reconhecer os melhores e os piores, e principalmente, adequar o ensino às normas de excelência instaladas pela escola. Medidas padronizadas têm desviado o sentido democrático, crítico, construtivo e criativo da avaliação, impedindo o percurso de uma aprendizagem efetiva.

Palavras chave: Avaliação, competências, desempenho, objetivos, escola.
A importância da filosofia da educação
Authors: Pereira Lucélia de Oliveira , Silva Cinthia Angélica da , Petzold Poliane da Silva , Ravache Rosana Lia
Published: February 2020

O presente artigo suscita analisar a importância da filosofia da educação, baseando-se em fundamentos instrutivos, que trazem consigo assuntos envoltórios, portadores de relações intrínsecas entre si. Nesse viés, contextualizaremos questões em destaque na atualidade, referentes as divergências fundamentadas na carência de uma análise filosófica aprofundada sobre o sistema educativo. O tema possui uma relação mútua com o contexto histórico e temporal inserido socialmente, pois envolve inúmeras discussões, se for considerada a performance atual do ensino brasileiro. O sistema educativo, muitas vezes, atua de modo a beneficiar a classe dominante, operando como forma de alienar sua “matéria” não se estabelecendo de forma homogênea em todos os parâmetros sociais do país, porque a falta de embasamento curricular e material acabam dificultando o aprendizado daqueles “menos favorecidos”. Assim, como agente e produto da sociedade, visto que, aqueles que nela se formarão, irão compor a estrutura da sociedade na qual vivem; o exposto, portanto, envolve problemáticas distintas, que discutem a relevância da filosofia de educação como forma de se minimizar as disparidades que reverberam no meio social.

Palavras-chave: Filosofia, educação, sistema educativo.
Gelbfieber und die ständige Notwendigkeit einer epidemiologischen Überwachung
Authors: Gitirana José Valdeci Almeida
Published: February 2020

Zielsetzung: Auflegen der Faktoren, die die Bedeutung einer effizienten epidemiologischen Überwachung für die Bekämpfung des Gelbfiebers im Land rechtfertigen. Methode: explorative, bibliographische, qualitative und beschreibende Forschung. Ergebnisse: Die jüngsten epidemiologischen Erhebungen zeigen, dass die Zahl der in Brasilien registrierten Fälle von Wildgelbfieber sehr unterschiedlich ist, so dass, wenn man davon ausgeht, dass es für jeden nachweisbaren Fall 10 weitere Fälle subklinischer Evolution gibt, die tatsächlichen Zahlen kann viel größer sein als die von den Gesundheitsbehörden aufgezeichneten. Schlußfolgerung: Gelbfieber als akute Infektionskrankheit ist eine schwer zu kontrollierende Zoonose, da es in der Lage ist, unvorhersehbare Epidemien in menschlichen Populationen auszulösen. Krankheit, motiviert durch Bedingungen des Umweltungleichgewichts, die die Entwicklung und Verbreitung von Vektoren begünstigen, kooperiert für das Auftreten von Hunderten von Todesfällen allein in den ersten Monaten des Jahres 2017.

Stichworte: Kontrolle, Gelbfieber, Diagnose, epidemiologische Überwachung.
Erfassung, Behandlung und Wiederverwendung von Grau- und Regenwasser in Einfamilienhäusern
Authors: Monteiro Otávio Pinetti , Lima Gemael Barbosa
Published: February 2020

Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, eine bibliographische Übersicht zu präsentieren, deren Thema die Wiederverwendung von Wasser durch Regen sowie die Wiederverwendung von grauer Wasser in einem Einfamilienhaus ist. Dazu stellt die Methodik eine Informationssuche in Büchern, Zeitschriften, Artikeln, Masterarbeiten und Dissertationen dar. Zur bewussten Wiederverwendung von Möglichkeiten, Wasser aus einem Wohnhaus zu fangen, sei es aus dem Regen, der auf die Dachrinnen fällt oder in den Methoden der Erfassung in den Küchenspülen und/oder Tanks von Servicebereichen verwendet wird, die die notwendige Behandlung erhalten und wiederverwendet werden. Diese Behandlungen wirken effizient und bieten die Verwendung dieses Wassers für weniger edle Zwecke, die den Verbrauch rationaler und wirtschaftlicher macht, zusammenarbeite für die Erhaltung der Umweltressourcen.

Stichworte: Wasser, Wiederverwendung, Gefangennahme, Behandlung, Wohnort.
Perbedaan Karakterisasi Ftir Antara Getah Perca Indonesia Dengan Getah Perca Kedokteran Gigi
Authors: Tauziri Annisa Hasna Nurzahra , Usri Kosterman , Hidayat Opik Taopik
Published: February 2020

Getah perca or known as gutta percha is the most widely used for the root canal filling material. Indonesia has a big potency to product dental gutta percha, as it is the biggest country that has productions of natural gutta percha. Indonesia is conducting natural gutta percha at PT. Perkebunann Nusantara VIII Cipetir-Jawa Barat. Chemical composition and bond are very important to be found out before making the root canal filling material from natural gutta percha. This study purposed to know the chemical composition differences between natural gutta percha and dental gutta percha using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) characterizations. The methode is descriptive study that studies the FTIR Characterization between natural gutta percha and dental gutta percha. The characterized samples, each consist 20 mg of natural gutta percha and 20 mg dental gutta percha.The IR results the difference of transmission between natural gutta percha and dental gutta percha. Both show the presence of hydroxyl groups in the material indicates that the process is oxidative, but the dental gutta percha contain pro oxidant that increase the oxidation. The conclusion of this study showed there is FTIR characterization difference between natural gutta percha and dental gutta percha.
Pengaruh Penyinaran Qth Dan Led Pada Kekuatan Tekan Resin Komposit Bulkfilldengan Berbagai Ketebalan
Authors: Sidiqa Atia Nurul , Soerachman Badi
Published: February 2020

The incremental layering technique with a 2mm maximum depth is a standard procedure to produce a perfect resin composite with a high mechanical strength. Recent studies has developed bulkfill composite resin that can be done to a depth of more than 4mm. Composite resin polymerization process through irradiation can be obtained by the use of Quartz-Tungsten-Halogen (QTH) and Light Emitting Diodes (LED). One of the mechanical properties needed for the restorative material is good compressive strength to withstand a load of chewing time during the process of mastication function. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of irradiation QTH and LED on the compressive strength of composite resin bulkfill with thickness variations of 4 and 6mm. Teflon mold were used to prepare the resin bulkfill spesimen (6mm in diameter x 4mm in length) bulkfill disk 6mm diameter with a thickness of 4mm (n=5) and 6mm (n=5). Samples were soaked in distilled water with a temperature of 37ºC for 24 hours and then do the pressure test measurements by using Universal Testing Machine (UTM) with 250kgf load and speed of 0.5 mm/min. Shapiro-Wilk normality test and unpaired t-test used in this study.The results of the study there is no influence thickness was statistically significant (a=0.05) in the composite resin bulkfill thickness of 4mm and 6mm in LED and QTH irradiation group with a value of compressive strength 4mm group (147.82 ± 24,35MPa) and sample 6mm (133.76±30.63 MPa), QTH light source sample 4mm (158,21 ± 18,61Mpa), 6mm (154,23±21,43Mpa). LED and QTH no significant difference (p>0.05) in a thickness of 4mm and 6mm. Conclusion, bulkfill composite resin can be applied to the LED and QTH to a depth of 6mm without effecting the bulkfill compressive strength.
Analisis Mikrostruktur Partikel Zirkoniakalsia-silika (ZrO 2 -CaO-SiO ) Dari Pasir Zirkon Alam Indonesia Menggunakan Metode Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Karlina Elin , Djustiana Nina , Joni I Made , Febrida Renny , Panatarani Camellia , Zakyah Akhyar Dyni
Published: February 2020

Indonesian Natural Sand, Zircon, is an Indonesia’s natural resource that contains zirconia, silica, titania and alumina. In Dentistry, zirconia as one of the content in natural zircon sand, have the potential to be the material for filler composites. The purpose of this research was to analyze the Zirconia-Calcium-Silicate Particle (ZrO2CaO-SiO2) synthesized from Indonesia natural sand, zircon, in microstructural way. Methods: By synthesizing ZirconiaCalcium-Silicate particle (ZrO2-CaO-SiO2) from Indonesia natural zircon sand, using spray pyrolysis method. A precursor solution that is used consists of zirconil nitrate (Zr (NO3) 2), sodium silicate (Na2SiO3), and calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2). Variations in the temperature of the reactor that are used were 4000C, 4500C, and 5000C with a feed rate of 6 L / min and a piezoelectric frequency of 1.7 MHz. Result showed  that the better content in zirconia-calcium-silicate is the one  that was synthesized at a temperature of 4500C, based on the results of EDS, SEM and XRD. The composition that is obtained in the zirconia-calcium-silicate particle has a ratio of 1: 14: 4 with the size of 500-1000nm, and has a tetragonal crystal zirconium silicate structure and dicalcium monoclinic silicate. From this research it can be concluded that the result that was synthesized at a temperature of 4500C is adequate to use as a filler based on the characterization result of SEM and XRD.
Pengaruh Perendaman Pada Saliva Buatan Selama 14 Hari Pada Glass Fiber Non Dental Dan Glass Fiber Dental Terhadap Perlekatan Bakteri Streptococcus Mutans
Authors: Dewi Zwista Yulia , Widjijono Widjijono , Setyowati Erna Prawita
Published: February 2020

The material in the oral cavity will be coated by saliva. The humidity of material that is immersed  in water will increase from time to time. Longer immersion  time  in water causes  an increase in the absorption of water by a material. Non-dental glass fiber can be used as an alternative replacement for fiber glass dental. The advantages of dental glass fiberis widely available with  reasonably  priced. Fiber glass  non dental commonly used as building materials and automotive. Streptococcus mutans bacteria have the ability to stick to the whole surface of the mouth, including dental materials. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of dental glass fiber and non-dental glass fiber immersion in artificial saliva  for 14 days to the adhesions of Streptococcus mutans bacteria.Fiber used in this study is E-glass fiber dental(Fibersplint, Polydentia SA, Switzerland), non-dental glass fiber A (LT, China), flowable composite (CharmFil Flow, Denkist, Korea) and silane coupling agent (Monobond S, Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein). Subjects were divided into three groups, each group consisting of 5 samples. Streptococcus mutans bacteria  was planted in BHI media and calculated by  plate count method. Results were analyzed using ANAVA. From the research it showed that the average dental glass fiber bacterial adhesions value was (953.4 ± 7.19), non-dental glass fiber(953.4 ± 7.19) while the composite resin without using fiber glass (848 ± 7.07). Statistical analysis showed a variable composition have a significant effect (p <0.05). The conclusion of this research that the alkali metal content in the fiber glass can affect the amount of bacteria Streptococcus mutans adhesions.
Perbandingan Hipersensitivitas Tipe IV Akibat Paparan Remanium Gm800 Dan Stainless Steel 316L
Authors: Hafizi Ikmal , Widjijono Widjijono , Soesatyo Marsetyawan HNE
Published: February 2020

Stainless steel and cobalt chromium is a metal that is used in dentistry. Stainless steel (SS) 316L has good corrosion resistance, but there are still many cases of hypersensitivity due to the use of such materials. Remanium GM800 is a cobalt-based alloy which is relatively mild with the advantages of having a high fracture resistance, high modulus of elasticity and resistance to corrosion. The research aims to know type IV hypersensitivity reactions for cobalt chromium GM800 applications compared with 316L Stainless steel. The research was conducted through the test GPMT (Guinea Pig Maximization Test). The pre-research phase does CoCr patch/SS/control application to 3 guinea pigs of each group with concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80%. Primary research begins with intradermal induction on the backs of guinea pigs for 7 days with a suspension of A (50% FCA emulsion dan 50% Propylene glycol), B (SS/CoCr/blank dan Propylene glycol) and C (50% SS/CoCr/blank suspension and 50% FCA) on the left and right backs of guinea pigs. On the 8th day induction results topical concentration of 40% for 24 hours, then opened to see the reaction and closed again for 48 hours. After that, the research was continued with challenge phase by attaching patch 5% concentration for 14 days. On the 28th  day was observed erythema and edema on the skin of guinea  pigs followed by sacrifice in order to obtain specimen to do immunohistochemical staining by ED antibodies. The result showed 316L SS cause 40% of the samples sensitized that were grouped in moderate classification, while CoCr GM800 cause 20% of the samples sensitized so classified in the mild classification in triggering type IV hypersensitivity reaction. Histopathology examination showed that 42% of the visual field SS 316L specimen expressed macrophages, while only 28% expressed macrophages in CoCr GM800 specimen. The conclusion of this study CoCr GM800 trigger type IV hypersensitivity reaction is lower than SS 316L.
Pengaruh Polyethylene Fiber pada Material Resin Komposit Terhadap Jumlah Koloni Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Larasati Karina , Siswomihardjo Widowati , Sunarintyas Siti
Published: February 2020

Fiber reinforced composite (FRC) is a material made of polymer matrix and fiber. Polyethylene fiber is one of the commonly used fiber due its good strength. FRC in the oral cavity will interact with saliva and microorganisms.S. mutans is microorganisms present in oral cavity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect ofpolyethylene fiber on FRC to S. mutans colony counts. Flowable composite and  polyethylene fiber are material used in this study. Bar-shaped samples sized 5 x 4 x 2 mm (n = 4) immersed in 5 mL saliva for 1 hour, then immersed in suspension containing S. mutans and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. The suspension diluted to 10 then 0.1 mL of the dilution were put in a solid medium and incubated for 48 hours at 37°C. Streptococcus mutans were grown on solid media was determined by direct count. Data were statistically analyzed using unpaired t-test. The results of unpaired t-test showed a significance difference of S. mutans colony between composite resin and FRC with polyethylene fiber (p <0.05). The conclusion from this study was the addition of polyethylene fiber on the composite material significantly increased the number of colonies of Streptococcus mutans.
Perbedaan Pengaruh Pasta Gigi Berbahan Dasar Hidroksiapatit dan Eugena caryophillus Terhadap Hipersensitifas Gigi
Authors: Aulia Risya , Margaretta Dewi Liliany , Tjandrawinata Rosalina
Published: February 2020

Tooth hypersensitivity is a clinical condition that describes localized, non spontaneous pain, and arises when tooth is stimulated using thermal, chemical, and mechanical stimuli. The use of desensitizing agent such as hydroxyapatite and Eugenia caryophyllus can be used as home treatment that can relieve tooth hypersensitivity. Hydroxyapatite is an inorganic compound that makes up the hard tissues of the human body such as bone, dentine and tooth. Hydroxyapatite has a mechanism to decrease dental hypersensitivity by inducing remineralization of the teeth and close the open dentinal tubules. Eugenia caryophyllus is a material that is used in the field of dentistry and can reduce the pain of tooth hypersensitivity by suppressing nerve receptors in the perception of pain felt by the patient. The aim of this study is to determine  the influence of hydroxyapatite-based toothpaste and Eugenia caryophyllus against tooth hypersensitivity. In this observational research, researcher give different type of toothpaste to two groups of research subjects and measure the changes in tooth sensitivity for 15 days. The value of tooth hypersensitivity before and after treatment is tested using Electric Pulp Test (EPT).  Independent t-test shows the result of p value = 1.30 (p>0.05). It can be concluded that there is no significant difference between hydroxyapatite and Eugenia caryophyllus in relieving tooth hypersensitivity after being used for 15 days.
Perubahan Rasio Ekspresi mRNA MMP-8/TIMP-1 Setelah Aplikasi Gel Ekstrak Bunga Rosella 10% pada Pasien dengan Gingivitis Setelah Pemasangan Mahkota Tiruan Akrilik
Authors: Indriani Lenni , Dharmautama Mohammad , Machmud Edy , Djide Muhammad Natsir , Hatta Mochammad
Published: February 2020

The acrylic-resin crown is still used as a choice in the manufacture of artificial crown because it is easy in the procedure. However accumulation plaque around cervical of the acrylic-resin crown can lead to the occurrence of gingivitis. Some research found that degradation of ECM by MMP-8 and TIMP-1 as a inhibitor during gingivitis. Roselle as a herbal plant in the treatment began to increase. Roselle is rich in Phytochemical compound which has been shown to reduce inflammation. This research determined effectiveness of roselle extract gel 10% in reducing gingivitis in patients using acrylic-resin crown and related to changes in mRNA MMP-8/TIMP-1 gene expression ratio. The subjects were 9 patients who has gingivitis post resin-acrylic crown insertion and divided in to three groups treatment with roselle extract gel 10%, negative control (base gel), and positive control (Povidon iodine). GCF samples were taken in cervical area of acrylic-resin crown with paper strips before and seven days after application of roselle extract gel 10%. The change of ratio MMP-8 and TIMP-1 m RNA gene expression is tested using Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction. Paired- T test shows on negative control group (p=0,301, p<0,05) does not show any change ratio of mRNA MMP- 8/TIMP-1, on positive control, there is changing ratio but not significant(p =0,060). The treatment group shows significant change in ratio of mRNA MMP-8 /TIMP-1 gene expression(p=0,018) Conclusion, Extract Roselle gel 10% can reduce the gingivitis and change the ratio of MMP-8 / TIMP 1 mRNA.
Pengaruh Desinfeksi Energi Microwave Terhadap Kekuatan Transversal Resin Akrilik Polimerisasi Panas
Authors: Harahap Sefty Aryani , Syafiar Lasminda , Lubis Yosepha Yulinda Esdaria
Published: February 2020

Disinfectant by microwave energy is highly recommended as a solution to solve the problem of chemical disinfection on denture bases. One of the denture base materials is heat cured acrylic resin. Aim, to evaluate the effect of disinfectant by microwave energy with different time on the transversal strength of heat cured acrylic resin. 30 plates (n = 6) of heat cured acrylic resin with size 65x10x2,5 mm were divided into 5 groups (control; and microwave energy disinfected for 2, 4 , 6, and 8 minutes with 650 Watts of power). Transversal strength test was carried out using Torsee's Electronic System Universal Testing Machine with a test speed of 0.1 mm / second, and a load cell of 50 kgf. Data analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD pos hoc. Results, there were significant differences in the transverse strength among all groups (p <0.05). Mean values of all groups were 103.59 ± 0.66 MPa; 112.02 ± 2.10 MPa; 117.48 ± 1.73 MPa; 125.46 ± 2.25 MPa; and 135.89 ± 1.56 MPa respectively. Conclusion, the longer it is disinfected by microwave energy, the higher the transversal strength of heat cured acrylic resin.
Teknik “Clark’s Rule” dalam bidang Kedokteran Gigi
Authors: Damayanti Merry Annisa , Firman Ria Noerianingsih , Sitam Suhardjo
Published: February 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to see how far the Clark's Rule technique (Same Lingual Opposite Buccal) can solve the problem of objects that coincide to each other.
Literature Review: Various radiographic techniques can be used in dental photographs consisting of periapical bisecting and parallel photos. Both radiographic techniques produced two-dimensional images. In some cases, objects that often coincide were found and often became problem where the desired object was not visible. The technique that can be used to view object that coincide was Clark's Rule Technique (Same Lingual Opposite Buccal). This article was a literature review that reviews the Clark's Rule technique which would discuss the strengths, weaknesses and techniques of doing this method.
Conclusion: The results of the photo radiograph on the Clark's Rule technique (Same Lingual Opposite Buccal) could see the object image of two objects that coincides. The conclusion of this article was the Clark’s Rule technique (Same Lingual Opposite Buccal) can complement the shortcomings of periapical bisecting and parallel photos.
Gambaran sementoblastoma tahap awal pada cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) 3D
Authors: Gracea Rellyca Sola , Firman Ria Noerianingsih
Published: February 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to report a case of mandibular cementoblastoma with radiologic approach  and describe its characteristics.
Case Report: A 32-year-old female came to the Hospital  and  complained of swelling of the left side of the lower jaw. Clinical examination showed a strong swelling in the buccal region of teeth 44-45, with the same soft tissue color as the surrounding tissue. In the picture cone beam computed tomography appears as a rounded lesion, the internal structure of the radiointermediet with clear and firm boundaries, surrounded by a halo radiolucent. Cementoblastoma radiodiagnosis is established. The patient was referred for surgery.
Conclusion: Cementoblastoma was a benign tumor with radiographic characteristics in the form of clearly demarcated radiopaque lesion with radiolucent halo. Some early-stage lesions can show lower density.
The Graphic Communication Actor: Generating Visual Rhetoric for Development Initiatives
Authors: Zifegha Sylvester Ebigbagha
Published: February 2020

The art of using language for public expression in order to persuade target audience to support development initiatives is a key reason for graphic communication. This requires communication actors particularly, the graphic encoder to know salient input and output variables of communication for effective mediation. However, the prevalence ignorance of these variables, often results in ineffective media production that is counter-productive to development. Therefore, this paper focused on production of practical rhetoric in graphic language for development programmes. The paper employed the critical-historical-analytic examination and content analysis methods. It introduced the reader to the need for practical rhetoric in visual communication. Furthermore, it highlighted the salient input and output variables that the graphic communication actor need be conversant with in order to produce visual rhetoric, using the McGuire’s Communication/persuasion Matrix. And it exemplified graphic media that result from application or neglect of the knowledge of the variables. The paper found that consideration of the variables afforded production of effective rhetoric in graphic language. The paper ended with the need for graphic encoders to internalize knowledge of the input and output variables and utilize it during the process of media production to generate visual rhetoric with desired effect.
Penentuan Desa Wisata Terbaik di Kabupaten Tabanan dengan Model AHP dan BORDA
Authors: Sugiartawan Putu , Prakoso Paholo Iman , Aryawan I Made Gitra
Published: February 2020

Tabanan Regency, is promoting the development of tourist villages and the development of many tourist villages in the area. The development of tourism villages can generate large regional income or income derived from the tourism sector. The problem is that not all tourist villages develop and generate revenue for the government, even many tourist villages are quiet from tourist visits. The selection of the best tourism village aims to find out what supporting factors can increase tourist visits and provide assistance to the tourist village. The purpose of the aid providers is to improve the quality of tourism in the area. The model used in the selection of tourist villages is the AHP and BORDA models. Both models are able to rank tourist villages from several criteria owned by tourist villages. The decision holder in this system is the Tourism Office of Tabanan Regency and the Province of Bali.
Avaliação do estado nutricional e anemia ferropriva em crianças de 3 a 10 anos atendidas em uma unidade básica de saúde no municí­pio de Portel/PA
Authors: Miranda Rozinéia de Nazaré Alberto , Bandeira Camila Corrêa , Portugal Patricia Rodrigues , Ataide Bruno Rafael Batista
Published: February 2020

A anemia ferropriva é uma das carências nutricionais predominantes ao redor do mundo e a repercussão a curto e longo prazo de uma alimentação inadequada nas crianças tem favorecido um estado nutricional inadequado. Objetivou-se conhecer o estado nutricional e a presença de anemia ferropriva em crianças de 3 a 10 anos atendidas em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde no municí­pio de Portel/Pará. Estudo descritivo, transversal, realizado a partir da aplicação de um questionário para obtenção de dados antropométricos e hematológicos. O estudo revelou que 92,9% das crianças apresentaram-se eutrófica para o í­ndice Peso para Idade (P/I) e 89,4% para Estatura para idade (E/I). Quanto ao IMC/I 82,4% apresentaram eutrofia e 12,4% risco de sobrepeso, sem diferença significativa estatí­stica entre os sexos. Nas variáveis hematológicas, constatou-se 42,9% das crianças apresentaram hemoglobina abaixo dos valores de normalidade. No teste de correlação de Pearson entre hemoglobina e hematócrito com os í­ndices antropométricos apenas a hemoglobina se correlacionou significativamente exceto para o í­ndice E/I. Analisando VCM, HCM e CHCM das crianças com hemoglobina baixa 84,9% destas crianças apresentaram anemia ferropriva. A pesquisa mostrou prevalência de anemia ferropriva em crianças, evidenciando a importância do acompanhamento nutricional e alimentar nos primeiros anos de vida, como forma de prevenção de deficiências nutricionais subclí­nicas.Palavras-chave: anemia ferropriva, estado nutricional, antropometria.