bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studying Radiation-Induced Degradation of Reinforced Concrete Structures: Review and Numerical Analysis of Reinforcement Corrosion Processes in Concrete
Authors: Omarov Rustem , Belov Vyacheslav , Morozenko Andrey
Published: December 2024

This study addresses the operational degradation of reinforced concrete structures of buildings and facilities where radioactive materials and waste are handled, if degradation is caused by the joint effect of ionizing radiation from materials (substances) handled and factors affecting the overall aging of concrete, reinforcement bars, and their combination. The research focuses on gamma radiation and its physical, chemical, and mechanical effects, triggering corrosion processes in reinforcement bars during the operation of reinforced concrete structures. Changes in the structural behavior of existing and newly built facilities, where radioactive materials and waste (with a focus on highly and moderately radioactive waste) are handled, must be predictable during the extended period of operation. Prognostication methods and assessment models must be accessible to various specialists, including design engineers. Available software packages and numerical analysis tools are used to devise these methods and models. This research project demonstrates the numerical modeling of electrochemical corrosion triggered by oxygen diffusion in concrete. The COMSOL Multiphysics software package was used to develop a model of a reinforced concrete wall segment. This model was used to analyze and prognosticate electrochemical processes in a structure during its future operation. Results of numerical modeling show that corrosion-triggered changes in the original diameter of reinforcement do not exceed tenths (11.2–12.4%) for the predicted service life of 100 years. Studies should be continued in this direction because such factors as radiolysis, carbonization, radiation heating, and changes in the aggregate can have an adverse effect on structures during their operation.
A Transdisciplinary Overlay for Nature-Based Design of Sustainable Buildings
Authors: Butt Anosh Nadeem , Dimitrijević Branka
Published: December 2024

The article presents the development and validation of transdisciplinary collaboration (TDC) guidelines for nature-based design (NBD) of sustainable buildings that were used to develop and validate a proposed NBD Overlay of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) Plan of Work (PoW) 2020. The study first presents the results of consultations with architects on the application of NBD in all stages the RIBA PoW. The development of the proposed NBD Overlay of the RIBA PoW is described, followed by the results of a survey of architects on its contents. Over 80% of the architects in the consultation group confirmed the significance of the proposed NBD Overlay and its relevance in advancing sustainable building practices. The potential of the proposed NBD Overlay to foster tansdisciplinary collaboration and promote NBD approaches, principles, and solutions bodes well for the future of sustainable architecture, driving the industry towards a more resilient and environmentally conscious built environment.
Vegetation Effects on Air Pollution: A Comprehensive Assessment for Two Italian Cities
Authors: Mircea Mihaela , Briganti Gino , Russo Felicita , Finardi Sandro , Silibello Camillo , Prandi Rossella , Carlino Giuseppe , D’Isidoro Massimo , Cappelletti Andrea , Cremona Giuseppe
Published: December 2024

The role of urban vegetation in urban air quality is usually assessed by considering only the pollutant removal capacity of the plants. This study aims to show, for the first time, the effects of vegetation on air pollutant concentrations through its effects on meteorology, separately from its biogenic emissions. It also investigates how air quality changes when only biogenic emissions are altered by using plants with different emission factors, as well as the potential effects of introducing new vegetation into urban areas. These assessments were conducted using atmospheric modelling systems currently employed for air quality forecasting and planning, configured specifically for the cities of Bologna and Milan. Simulations were performed for two representative months, July and January, to capture summer and winter conditions, respectively. The variability in air concentrations of ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particulate matter (PM10) within the municipal boundaries was assessed monthly. When evaluating the impact of future vegetation, changes in temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity were also considered. The results indicate that vegetation influences air quality more significantly through changes in meteorological conditions than through biogenic emissions. Changes in biogenic emissions result in similar behaviours in O3 and PM10 concentrations, with the latter being affected by the changes in the concentrations of secondary biogenic aerosols formed in the atmosphere. Changes in NO2 concentrations are controlled by the changes in O3 concentrations, increasing where O3 concentrations decrease, and vice versa, as expected in highly polluted areas. Meteorologically induced vegetation effects also play a predominant role in depositions, accounting for most of the changes; however, the concentrations remain high despite increased deposition rates. Therefore, understanding only the removal characteristics of vegetation is insufficient to quantify its effects on urban air pollution.
An Evaluation of the Sensitivity of a Source Term Estimation Methodology of Sensor Configuration in an Urban-like Environment
Authors: Gkirmpas Panagiotis , Barmpas Fotios , Tsegas George , Efthimiou George , Tremper Paul , Riedel Till , Vlachokostas Christos , Moussiopoulos Nicolas
Published: December 2024

Identifying unknown sources of air pollutants is vital for protecting public health, especially in cases involving the emission of toxic substances. The efficiency of this process depends highly on the accuracy of Source Term Estimation (STE) methods and the availability of robust measurements. Therefore, it is important to examine how sensor network characteristics affect STE accuracy. This study investigates the impact of different sensor configurations on STE results for a stationary point source in a complex, urban-like environment. The STE methodology employs the Metropolis–Hastings Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm alongside numerical simulations of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. The STE algorithm is applied across several sensor configurations in three distinct release scenarios and real sensor observations from the Michelstadt wind tunnel experiment, assessing both the number of sensors used and the agreement between measured and modeled concentrations. In general, the results indicate that increasing the number of sensors and the model’s accuracy improves the source parameters estimations. However, there is a specific number of sensors in each release scenario where STE outcomes from randomly selected, high-accuracy, and low-accuracy sensors converge to similar solutions. Overall, the findings provide valuable information for designing sensor configurations in urban areas.
Impact of Weather Types on Weather Research and Forecasting Model Skill for Temperature and Precipitation Forecasting in Northwest Greece
Authors: Chaskos Dimitrios C. , Lolis Christos J. , Kotroni Vassiliki , Hatzianastassiou Nikolaos , Bartzokas Aristides
Published: December 2024

The accuracy of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model’s predictions for air temperature and precipitation in northwestern Greece varies under different weather conditions. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding how well the model performs for specific Weather Types (WTs), especially in regions with a complex topography like NW Greece. This study evaluates the WRF model’s ability to predict 2 m air temperature and precipitation for 10 objectively defined WTs. Forecasts are validated against observations from the station network of the National Observatory of Athens, focusing on biases and skill variation across WTs. The results indicate that anticyclonic WTs lead to a significant overestimation of early morning air temperatures, especially for inland stations. The precipitation forecast skill varies depending on the threshold and characteristics of each WT, showing optimal results for WTs where precipitation is associated with a combination of depression activity, and orographic effects. These findings indicate the need for adjustments based on WT in operational forecasting systems for regions with similar topographical complexities.
The Norm Function for Commutative Z2-Graded Rings
Authors: Alshehry Azzh Saad , Abu-Dawwas Rashid
Published: December 2024

Consider a commutative Z2-graded ring (R=R0⨁R1). Consequently, each element (x∈R) can be uniquely expressed as x=x0+x1, where x0∈R0 and x1∈R1. For any x∈R, we consider the function N(x)=x02−x12. In this work, we examine the properties of N and utilize them to derive new results. Moreover, we apply this function to establish concepts such as N-prime ideals, N radicals, N-integral domains, and N fields, achieving several notable results along the way. Among our results, we demonstrate that an N-prime ideal is not necessarily prime. Additionally, we show that the N radical differs from the usual radical ideal and is not always an ideal. Furthermore, we establish that an N-integral domain (N field) is not necessarily an integral domain (field).
Assessing the Guidelines on the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools in Universities: A Survey of the World’s Top 50 Universities
Authors: Ullah Midrar , Bin Naeem Salman , Kamel Boulos Maged N.
Published: December 2024

The widespread adoption of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) tools in higher education has necessitated the development of appropriate and ethical usage guidelines. This study aims to explore and assess publicly available guidelines covering the use of GenAI tools in universities, following a predefined checklist. We searched and downloaded publicly accessible guidelines on the use of GenAI tools from the websites of the top 50 universities globally, according to the 2025 QS university rankings. From the literature on GenAI use guidelines, we created a 24-item checklist, which was then reviewed by a panel of experts. This checklist was used to assess the characteristics of the retrieved university guidelines. Out of the 50 university websites explored, guidelines were publicly accessible on the sites of 41 institutions. All these guidelines allowed for the use of GenAI tools in academic settings provided that specific instructions detailed in the guidelines were followed. These instructions encompassed securing instructor consent before utilization, identifying appropriate and inappropriate instances for deployment, employing suitable strategies in classroom settings and assessment, appropriately integrating results, acknowledging and crediting GenAI tools, and adhering to data privacy and security measures. However, our study found that only a small number of the retrieved guidelines offered instructions on the AI algorithm (understanding how it works), the documentation of prompts and outputs, AI detection tools, and mechanisms for reporting misconduct. Higher education institutions should develop comprehensive guidelines and policies for the responsible use of GenAI tools. These guidelines must be frequently updated to stay in line with the fast-paced evolution of AI technologies and their applications within the academic sphere.
The Accuracy of Algorithms Used by Artificial Intelligence in Cephalometric Points Detection: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ribas-Sabartés Júlia , Sánchez-Molins Meritxell , d’Oliveira Nuno Gustavo
Published: December 2024

The use of artificial intelligence in orthodontics is emerging as a tool for localizing cephalometric points in two-dimensional X-rays. AI systems are being evaluated for their accuracy and efficiency compared to conventional methods performed by professionals. The main objective of this study is to identify the artificial intelligence algorithms that yield the best results for cephalometric landmark localization, along with their learning system. A literature search was conducted across PubMed-MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science. Observational and experimental studies from 2013 to 2023 assessing the detection of at least 13 cephalometric landmarks in two-dimensional radiographs were included. Studies requiring advanced computer engineering knowledge or involving patients with anomalies, syndromes, or orthodontic appliances, were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) tools. Of 385 references, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria (1 diagnostic accuracy study and 12 retrospective cohorts). Six were high-risk, and seven were low-risk. Convolutional neural networks (CNN)-based AI algorithms showed point localization accuracy ranging from 64.3 to 97.3%, with a mean error of 1.04 mm ± 0.89 to 3.40 mm ± 1.57, within the clinical range of 2 mm. YOLOv3 demonstrated improvements over its earlier version. CNN have proven to be the most effective AI system for detecting cephalometric points in radiographic images. Although CNN-based algorithms generate results very quickly and reproducibly, they still do not achieve the accuracy of orthodontists.
Dynamic Impact of One-Year Integrated Rice–Crayfish Farming on Bacterioplankton Communities in Paddy Water
Authors: Hou Yiran , Xu Qiancheng , Yang Yanhong , Jia Rui , Huang Xiongjian , Zhou Linjun , Li Bing , Zhu Jian
Published: December 2024

As global food security issues become increasingly severe, an important innovation in agricultural production patterns, namely integrated rice–fish farming, has been widely implemented around the world, especially in Asia. To assess the impact of integrated rice–crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) farming (IRCF) on agricultural ecosystems, we used Illumina high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze differences in diversity, composition, co-occurrence network, and assembly process of planktonic bacterial communities in paddy water between traditional rice farming (TRM) and IRCF. Environmental factors and planktonic bacterial communities were evaluated during the tillering, jointing, flowering, and grain-filling stages on August 24, September 5, September 24, and October 16, respectively. Our findings revealed that, throughout the entire cultivation period, IRCF had no notable impacts on bacterioplankton community diversity in paddy water, but it changed the composition and relative abundance of the dominant bacterioplankton. Specifically, IRCF promoted the Chloroflexota during the tillering stage but reduced its presence during the grain-filling stage. It also significantly decreased the Bacillota during the jointing stage while notably enhancing Actinomycetota during the flowering stage. Furthermore, IRCF markedly improved the robustness and negative/positive cohesion within bacterioplankton co-occurrence networks during jointing and grain-filling stages. IRCF altered the assembly processes shaping planktonic bacterial communities, promoting a greater dominance of stochastic processes during the tillering, jointing, and flowering stages and a diminished dominance during the grain-filling stage. IRCF dramatically changed aquatic environmental factors, particularly during the jointing stage, by substantially increasing the TN, ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate levels in paddy water. These nutrient levels were closely correlated with the dynamics of the planktonic bacterial communities. Our findings underscore the considerable potential of IRCF in enhancing the stability of bacterioplankton communities and promoting rice growth while also providing valuable data and theoretical insights into the microbiological ecological impacts of IRCF on the agroecosystem.
In-Depth Phenotyping of PIGW-Related Disease and Its Role in 17q12 Genomic Disorder
Authors: Feresin Agnese , Lefebvre Mathilde , Sjøstrøm Emilie , Zanus Caterina , Paccagnella Elisa , Bruno Irene , Valencic Erica , Morgan Anna , Tommasini Alberto , Thauvin Christel , Bayat Allan , Girotto Giorgia , Musante Luciana
Published: December 2024

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis defect 11 (GPIBD11), part of the heterogeneous group of congenital disorders of glycosylation, is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in PIGW. This rare disorder has previously been described in only 12 patients. We report four novel patients: two sib fetuses with congenital anomalies affecting several organs, including the heart; a living girl with tetralogy of Fallot, global developmental delay, behavioral abnormalities, and atypic electroencephalography (EEG) without epilepsy; a girl with early-onset, treatment-resistant seizures, developmental regression, and recurrent infections, that ultimately passed away prematurely due to pneumonia. We also illustrate evolving facial appearance and biochemical abnormalities. We identify two novel genotypes and the first frameshift variant, supporting a loss-of-function pathogenic mechanism. By merging our cohort with patients documented in the literature, we deeply analyzed the clinical and genetic features of 16 patients with PIGW-related disorder, revealing a severe multisystemic condition deserving complex management and with uncertain long-term prognosis. We consider the role of PIGW within the critical 17q12 region, which is already associated with genomic disorders caused by deletion or duplication and characterized by variable expressivity. Finally, we discuss PIGW dosage effects and a second hit hypothesis in human development and disease.
Research Progress on the Relationship Between Artificial Sweeteners and Breast Cancer
Authors: Yu Xianqiang , Yu Zeng , Chen Xiaoli , Liu Meijun , Yang Feng , Cheung Kenneth C. P.
Published: December 2024

Artificial sweeteners, as low-calorie sugar substitutes, have attracted much attention in recent years, especially in terms of their potential health effects. Although they add almost no calories, studies have shown that artificial sweeteners may affect metabolism by stimulating insulin secretion and changing the intestinal microbiota, increasing the risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Breast cancer, as the most common cancer in the world, is related to multiple factors such as genetics and hormone levels. The results of studies on artificial sweeteners and breast cancer risk are conflicting, with some showing a positive correlation between the two and others failing to confirm it. Differences in study design, participant characteristics, and the types of sweeteners have led to this ambiguity. Although some studies have focused on mechanisms such as hormone disorders, insulin response, and changes in the intestinal microbiota, further exploration is needed to establish a causal relationship. Our review aims to comprehensively analyze the potential association between artificial sweeteners and breast cancer and its mechanisms, as well as encourage future studies to reveal its long-term health effects.
Small GTPase ARL4C Associated with Various Cancers Affects Microtubule Nucleation
Authors: Ulas Evgeniia , Brodsky Ilya , Burakov Anton
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The changes in the level of small GTPase ARL4C are associated with the initiation and progression of many different cancers. The content of ARL4C varies greatly between different tissues, and the induction of ARL4C expression leads to changes in cell morphology and proliferation. Although ARL4C can bind alpha-tubulin and affect intracellular transport, the role of ARL4C in the functioning of the tubulin cytoskeleton remained unclear. The aim of the present work is to study this role; Methods: The cells of the following lines were used for the experiments: HeLa (human cervical carcinoma), MCF7 (human breast cancer), U2OS (human osteosarcoma), Vero, BS-C-1, and COS7 (African green monkey kidney). The receptor activation by agonists followed by the preparation of cell lysates, electrophoresis, and immunoblotting, as well as cell fixation and immunofluorescent staining, were used to assess endogenous ARL4C/ABCA1 levels and the microtubule network morphology. The microtubule regrowth technique was performed to estimate the rate of microtubule nucleation, and the overexpression of different ARL4C constructs was used to affect ARL4C activity in the cells; Results: We showed that the changes in the endogenous ARL4C level or the ARL4C activity alter the microtubule nucleation process in the cells; Conclusions: small GTPase ARL4C may serve as one of the regulators of the microtubule nucleation process both in normal and cancer cells.
Diabetes: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives
Authors: Janić Miodrag , Janež Andrej , El-Tanani Mohamed , Maggio Viviana , Rizzo Manfredi
Published: December 2024

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder distinguished by persistent hyperglycemia [...]
Pimozide Inhibits Type II but Not Type I Hair Cells in Chicken Embryo and Adult Mouse Vestibular Organs
Authors: Giunta Roberta , Cheli Giulia , Rispoli Giorgio , Russo Giancarlo , Masetto Sergio
Published: December 2024

Background: Pimozide is a conventional antipsychotic drug of the diphenylbutylpiperidine class, widely used for treating schizophrenia and delusional disorders and for managing motor and phonic tics in Tourette’s syndrome. Pimozide is known to block dopaminergic D2 receptors and various types of voltage-gated ion channels. Among its side effects, dizziness and imbalance are the most frequently observed, which may imply an effect of the drug on the vestibular sensory receptors, the hair cells. Amniotes possess two classes of vestibular hair cells, named type I and type II hair cells, which differ in terms of signal processing and transmission. We previously reported that Pimozide [3 μM] significantly increased a delayed outward rectifying K+ current (IK,V). Methods and Results: In the present study, using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique we additionally show that Pimozide decreases the inward rectifying K+ current (IK,1) and the mixed Na+/K+ current (Ih) of chicken embryo type II hair cells, whereas it does not affect type I hair cells’ ionic currents. Since ion channels’ expression can vary depending on age and animal species, in the present study, we also tested Pimozide in adult mouse vestibular hair cells. We found that, like in the chicken embryo, Pimozide significantly increases IK,V and decreases IK,1 and Ih in type II hair cells. However, in the adult mouse, Pimozide also slightly increased the outward rectifying K+ current in type I hair cells. Conclusions: While providing a possible explanation for the vestibular side effects of Pimozide in humans, its inhibitory action on mammalian hair cells might be of interest for the local treatment of vestibular disorders characterized by altered vestibular input, like Ménière’s disease.
Learning to Train and to Explain a Deep Survival Model with Large-Scale Ovarian Cancer Transcriptomic Data
Authors: Spirina Menand Elena , De Vries-Brilland Manon , Tessier Leslie , Dauvé Jonathan , Campone Mario , Verrièle Véronique , Jrad Nisrine , Marion Jean-Marie , Chauvet Pierre , Passot Christophe , Morel Alain
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Ovarian cancer is a complex disease with poor outcomes that affects women worldwide. The lack of successful therapeutic options for this malignancy has led to the need to identify novel biomarkers for patient stratification. Here, we aim to develop the outcome predictors based on the gene expression data as they may serve to identify categories of patients who are more likely to respond to certain therapies. Methods: We used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) ovarian cancer transcriptomic data from 372 patients and approximately 16,600 genes to train and evaluate the deep learning survival models. In addition, we collected an in-house validation dataset of 12 patients to assess the performance of the trained survival models for their direct use in clinical practice. Despite deceptive generalization capabilities, we demonstrated how our model can be interpreted to uncover biological processes associated with survival. We calculated the contributions of the input genes to the output of the best trained model and derived the corresponding molecular pathways. Results: These pathways allowed us to stratify the TCGA patients into high-risk and low-risk groups (p-value 0.025). We validated the stratification ability of the identified pathways on the in-house dataset consisting of 12 patients (p-value 0.229) and on the external clinical and molecular dataset consisting of 274 patients (p-value 0.006). Conclusions: The deep learning-based models for survival prediction with RNA-seq data could be used to detect and interpret the gene-sets associated with survival in ovarian cancer patients and open a new avenue for future research.
Association of Osteoporosis with Tooth Loss and Dental Radiomorphometric Indices
Authors: Damanaki Anna , Habel Marie Luis , Deschner James
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Osteoporosis is a systemic disease associated with reduced bone mass, impaired bone microarchitecture, and thus an increased risk of bone fractures. Moreover, patients with osteoporosis are more likely to experience periodontal diseases and tooth loss. Some indices have been proposed to detect osteoporosis on dental panoramic radiographs. The aim of our retrospective study was to investigate the association between osteoporosis and the loss of alveolar bone and teeth and to evaluate the validity of several dental radiomorphometric indices for assessing osteoporosis. Methods: In patients with and without osteoporosis, tooth loss, alveolar bone loss, the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), mental index (MI), and mandibular cortical index (MCI) were determined. Results: Compared with the non-osteoporotic group, patients with osteoporosis showed more tooth loss and more severe alveolar bone loss. PMI and MI were lower in patients with osteoporosis than in the non-osteoporotic group. Analysis of MCI showed that category C3 (cortical layer forms strong endosteal cortical residues and is clearly porous) was significantly more common in patients with osteoporosis. Conclusions: Osteoporosis is associated with more tooth and alveolar bone loss. Furthermore, various dental radiomorphometric indices are altered in osteoporosis and could thus help to better assess osteoporosis of the jaw.
A Comprehensive Review of Treatment Plans for Marginal Enamel Fractures in Anterior Teeth
Authors: Favero Riccardo , Scattolin Alessandro , Barone Martina , Drago Giampaolo , Bourgi Rim , Tosco Vincenzo , Monterubbianesi Riccardo , Putignano Angelo
Published: December 2024

Marginal enamel fractures (MEF) are a common clinical concern in dentistry, particularly in anterior teeth. These fractures occur at the enamel margins and their etiopathogenesis involves a complex interplay of mechanical, chemical, and biological factors. The ongoing research focuses on an overview of MEF to improve the knowledge about this condition. Understanding the multifaceted nature of MEF is crucial for devising effective preventive and therapeutic strategies in contemporary restorative dentistry. Indeed, mechanical stresses, such as occlusal forces and parafunctional habits are primary contributors for MEF. Additionally, it can happen at the enamel-restoration interface due to expansion and contraction of restorative materials. Chemical degradation, including acid erosion and the breakdown of adhesive bonds, further exacerbates the vulnerability of enamel. Biological factors, such as enamel composition and the presence of micro-cracks also play a role in the development of MEF. Clinical management of MEF involves subtractive or additive techniques, repairing or replacing the compromised tooth structure using techniques to ensure the integration with the natural enamel.
Recent Advances of Strategies and Applications in Aptamer-Combined Metal Nanocluster Biosensing Systems
Authors: Kim Ki-Beom , Kim Sang-Ho , Yoo Seung-Min
Published: December 2024

Metal nanoclusters (NCs) are promising alternatives to organic dyes and quantum dots. These NCs exhibit unique physical and chemical properties, such as fluorescence, chirality, magnetism and catalysis, which contribute to significant advancements in biosensing, biomedical diagnostics and therapy. Through adjustments in composition, size, chemical environments and surface ligands, it is possible to create NCs with tunable optoelectronic and catalytic activity. This review focuses on the integration of aptamers with metal NCs, detailing molecular detection strategies that utilise the effect of aptamers on optical signal emission of metal NC-based biosensing systems. This review also highlights recent advancements in biosensing and biomedical applications, as well as illustrative case studies. To conclude, the strengths, limitations, current challenges and prospects for metal NC-based systems were examined.
The Impact of Dexamphetamine Treatment for Obesity on Executive Function: A Double-Blind Randomised Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Poulton Antoinette , Gauci Natalie , Khalifa Hazer , Hibbert Emily J. , Poulton Alison S.
Published: December 2024

Background: Amphetamines increase dopamine levels in mid-brain regions which, in turn, impact top-down executive function. Repeated exposure is linked to substance use disorders. Nonetheless, amphetamines are used to manage attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and eating-related disorders. In ADHD, amphetamines upregulate a system characterised by low dopaminergic tone, assisting to improve executive function. A similar process might be at play with eating disorders; however, the effect of amphetamine treatment on executive function in this case has not been thoroughly considered. Methods: Participants (N = 52, Mage = 47.06, SD = 12.29) with a body mass index of 25–60 were randomised to treatment (6-week dexamphetamine titration) or control (placebo) groups. They completed an executive function measure—Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS-SF)—and response inhibition task—Stop-Signal Task (SST)—at Baseline, throughout titration, at Maintenance, and at Follow-up. Mixed effects models examined whether BDEFS-SF score or the SST variable, stop-signal reaction time (SSRT), changed across sessions as a function of treatment. Results: There was no effect of group (p = 0.440), but an effect of session (p = 0.024) on BDEFS-SF, with scores at Time 2 (p = 0.011, 95% CI [0.47, 3.49]) and Maintenance (p = 0.022, 95% CI [−4.89, −0.39]), respectively, higher and lower than other timepoints. There was no group by session interaction (p = 0.659). R2 (conditional) = 0.74; ICC = 0.73. There was an effect of group (p = 0.039) and session (p < 0.001) on SSRT, but no interaction (p = 0.707). Baseline SSRT was significantly longer than the mean of all subsequent timepoints (p < 0.001, 95% CI [16.29, 33.84]). R2 (conditional) = 0.47; ICC = 0.39. Conclusions: There was no discernible impact of amphetamine treatment for obesity on executive function. Our results suggest some variation related to sample size and/or practice effects. Thus, while treatment appears unlikely to render individuals susceptible to substance use disorders, parallels with ADHD might be overstated.
One-Week Maternal Separation Caused Sex-Specific Changes in Behavior and Hippocampal Metabolomics of Offspring Rats
Authors: Dong Meng-Chen , Chen Yu-Xin , Sun Xin-Ran , Jiang Ning , Chang Qi , Liu Xin-Min , Pan Rui-Le
Published: December 2024

To investigate the effects of one-week maternal separation (MS) on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in adolescent and adulthood as well as adult hippocampal metabolomics simultaneously in offspring female and male rats. In the MS group, newborn SD rats were separated from their mothers for 3 h per day from postnatal days (PND) 2 to 8. The open field test (OFT), elevated plus mazes (EPM), novelty suppressed feeding test (NSFT), and forced swimming test (FST) were conducted during adolescence and adulthood. Serum corticosterone, mRNA expression of hippocampal inflammatory cytokines, and hippocampal untargeted metabolomics of offspring adult rats were examined using an assay kit, qRT-PCR, and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Both MS female and male rats showed similar behaviors in OFT, EPM, NSFT, and SPT, except for the latency to feeding during adolescence and the open arm entries during adulthood, showed statistical significance only in MS female rats. Serum corticosterone and hippocampal pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ were significantly elevated in both female and male rats, and IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly increased only in female rats. In hippocampal metabolism, the identification of differential metabolites displayed 53 and 37 in female rats and male rats, respectively (with 35 common metabolites), which were involved in 33 and 30 metabolic pathways with 28 common pathways. One-week MS induced sex-specific anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in female and male offspring rats during adolescence and adulthood, as well as sex-differentiated characteristics in the hippocampus inflammatory cytokines and metabolomics of adult MS rats. From the experimental data, the effects of MS on the female offspring rats were more severe than those of the male offspring rats.
The Influence of Mission Valence on Faculty’s Voice Behavior: The Role of Thriving at Work and Servant Leadership
Authors: Liu Xi , Chen Zhixia , Sun Mei
Published: December 2024

Faculty’s voice behavior is crucial in promoting institutional reform and sustainable development in higher education institutions. However, there is still significant room for exploration regarding how to effectively stimulate such behavior among faculty. This study, based on data collected from 630 Chinese university faculty, investigates the conditions under which mission valence can promote voice behavior in higher education settings. The study involved constructing a moderated mediation model, with thriving at work as the mediator and servant leadership as the moderator, to explore the relationship between mission valence and faculty’s voice behavior. The results reveal that mission valence has a significant positive impact on faculty’s voice behavior in higher education and indirectly promotes such behavior through the mediating role of thriving at work. Furthermore, it was found that servant leadership plays a significant moderating role in the relationship between thriving at work and faculty’s voice behavior, enhancing the overall mediation mechanism. This study extends our understanding of the relationship between mission valence and faculty’s voice behavior in the context of Chinese higher education and provides practical insights into strategies for promoting faculty’s voice behavior.
The Evolution of Construction 5.0: Challenges and Opportunities for the Construction Industry
Authors: Pal Uttam Kumar , Zhang Chengyi , Haupt Theo C. , Li Huimin , Su Limin
Published: December 2024

Progress and development in the overall industrial sector have been revolutionized by the advent of advanced digital tools and technologies, transitioning towards Industry 5.0 (I5.0), and the term Construction 5.0 (C5.0) is derived from the emergence of I5.0 in Europe. Given its currency, C5.0 remains a nascent and under-explored research area. This review article presents a bibliometric analysis of studies on C5.0, identifying and analyzing challenges and opportunities in its adoption and exploring the strategies to overcome such challenges and ways to maximize productivity from potential opportunities. Fifty-seven relevant documents were studied to accomplish the aim of this study, which were identified from the Scopus database, evaluated, and included based on the PRISMA framework. The findings showed a relatively small but growing body of literature on C5.0 research, which is disseminated globally and grouped into four specific objective categories. This pattern suggests a growing recognition of C5.0’s potential in the construction field, reflecting its expanding influence in the scientific community. Furthermore, the study examined seven critical challenges, including insufficient technological maturity, the absence of standardization, privacy concerns, ethical considerations, and more. It also explores four potential opportunities associated with the adoption of the C5.0 vision, emphasizing its alignment with societal objectives, sustainability initiatives, personalization, and profitability.
Climatic Influences on the Environmental Performances of Residential Buildings: A Comparative Case Study in Turkey
Authors: Yardımcı Yigit , Colak Demirel Burcu Buram , Ertosun Yıldız Merve
Published: December 2024

This study evaluates the environmental performance of residential projects in Bolu and Mardin, Turkey, by assessing the impact of climatic and architectural context on material selection, construction techniques, and environmental outcomes. Using BIM-based LCA tools, the analysis compares Bolu’s humid climate with Mardin’s hot and dry conditions across multiple environmental metrics. In the Product (A1–A3) phase, Bolu has higher CO2 emissions, accounting for 79–85% of the total environmental impact, compared to 77–82% in Mardin. However, energy consumption is higher in Mardin during the Product phase. In the Construction (A4) and End of Life (C2–C4) phases, Bolu has a higher energy consumption and environmental impact than Mardin. In terms of waste generation, the End of Life phases (C2–C4) are identified as significant contributors in both case studies. The material analysis shows that concrete, finishing materials (e.g., paint and plaster) and stone wall materials have the highest environmental impacts in both cases. This study aims to provide a detailed examination of how environmental impacts differ due to material use in two different climatic regions. BIM-based LCA methods were used to investigate the influence of regional and climatic differences on environmental performance. The impacts of material components across all life cycle stages were analyzed, and recommendations for their optimization were provided. Future research could focus on the integration of innovative materials and technologies to improve life cycle efficiency. In addition, incorporating data from different geographic regions could broaden the scope of the analysis and contribute significantly to sustainable building practices. Such approaches provide critical opportunities to develop specific strategies for reducing environmental impacts.
Differences in Perspectives Between Experts and Residents on Living Heritage: A Study of Traditional Chinese Villages in the Luzhong Region
Authors: Shi Xiaofeng , Beza Beau B. , Liu Chunlu , Wu Binglu , Qiu Ning
Published: December 2024

The differences in the heritage perspectives of key stakeholders form an indispensable basis for formulating appropriate conservation strategies for living heritage. However, in existing practices, the differences in heritage perspectives between experts and local residents, who are both key stakeholders, often arise from expert experiences rather than being accurately measured. This study regarded traditional Chinese villages in the Luzhong region as a living heritage case for investigation and quantified such differences. Initially, this study provided a comprehensive description of living heritage using four dimensions: heritage value, heritage attributes, heritage composition, and heritage characteristics. Subsequently, a questionnaire tailored to traditional Chinese villages was developed, and a survey was conducted in the sample villages, resulting in 394 valid responses. According to the Pearson chi-square tests, the findings suggest that expert and local resident respondents showed slight disagreement regarding heritage attributes (x2 = 5.619); however, they presented varying degrees of differences concerning heritage value (x2 = 36.066) and heritage composition (x2 = 36.525), accompanied by distinct preferences. Furthermore, significant discrepancies were evident regarding heritage characteristics. Regarding the four aspects of heritage characteristics, there was a slight difference in the symbiosis of heritage elements (x2 = 3.877) but significant differences in the local resident as a heritage element (x2 = 36.525); there was a minor difference in vitality and continuity (x2 = 3.709) but a rare contradiction for integrity (x2 = 47.649). This study can furnish case data support for surmounting the drawbacks of blindly relying on expert experiences, particularly by integrating local perspectives to safeguard living heritage globally.
Deriving the Importance of Defects in Multi-Unit Residential Buildings Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process Method
Authors: Kang Dongryeol , Lee Eojin , Ahn Yonghan , Kwon Nahyun
Published: December 2024

Defects in apartment buildings significantly impact the convenience and safety of residents, and their prevalence has been steadily increasing. This study prioritizes the key defects in apartment buildings to enhance quality management. The primary causes of defects were identified by focusing on frequently occurring issues such as tile installation, flooring, wallpaper, PL windows, and kitchen furniture. A literature review was conducted to analyze the main types of defects, and expert focus group interviews were held to investigate the causes of defects and potential countermeasures. Following this, the analytic hierarchy process was employed to assess the relative importance of these defects and establish their prioritization. The findings indicated that structural issues and material-related factors, particularly flooring and window installation, were the primary causes. Based on these insights, this study proposes a strategic approach to improving quality management in apartment buildings. This research serves as a valuable reference for developers, contractors, and policymakers in defect prevention and management.
The Efficacy and Safety of a Microwave Ablation System with a Dipole Antenna Design Featuring Floating Sleeves and Anti-Phase Technology in Stereotactic Percutaneous Liver Tumor Ablation: Results from a Prospective Study
Authors: Zhang Liang , Luerken Lukas , Mayr Vinzenz , Goetz Andrea , Schlitt Alexandra , Stroszczynski Christian , Einspieler Ingo
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Surgnova Dophi™ M150E microwave ablation system in a prospective single-center observational study. Methods: A cohort of 50 patients with 77 primary or secondary liver tumors underwent CT-navigated stereotactic percutaneous microwave ablation with curative intention using the Surgnova Dophi™ M150E system. The endpoints were primary technique efficacy (PTE), number of complications, ablation defect dimensions, and sphericity index compared to previously reported findings. Results: The PTE was 97.4%, with complete ablation in 75 out of 77 tumors. Complications occurred in 10% of patients, with 4% classified as major. A comparison with previous in vivo data confirmed the reliability of the system in achieving reproducible and predictable ablation results. Conclusions: Stereotactic percutaneous microwave ablation with the Surgnova Dophi™ M150E system is safe and effective for liver tumor treatment.
Endometrial Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Concurrent Endometrial Cancer and Risk for Pelvic Sentinel Node Metastases
Authors: Hawez Tabayi , Bollino Michele , Lönnerfors Celine , Persson Jan
Published: December 2024

Background/objectives: Given the risk of a progression, or an undiagnosed endometrial cancer (EC), the treatment of choice is hysterectomy in women with endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN). The risk of metastatic disease and whether sentinel node (SLN) biopsy should be performed remains unclear. The primary aim of this prospective study was to determine the overall incidence of concurrent EC and the impact of the diagnostic tool used and the type of endometrial lesion. The secondary aim was to investigate the risk of metastatic SLNs. Methods: Between July 2019 and May 2024, 98 consecutive women with EIN deemed suitable for robotic surgery and SLN dissection were included in the study. Ultrastaging and immunohistochemistry were performed on all SLNs. Results: In total, 47% of women with preoperative EIN had EC on final histology; 13% of these had metastatic SLNs and the overall risk of metastases was 6.3%. Women who obtained their diagnosis by an endometrial biopsy had 65% risk of EC. All women with metastatic SLNs had non-polypoid lesions and five out of six obtained their diagnosis through endometrial biopsy. Conclusions: The overall risk of SLN metastases was 6.3%, all in women with a general endometrial thickening and/or a diagnosis of EIN by office endometrial biopsy, suggesting that SLN detection should be offered particularly to women with EIN who fulfill these preoperative criteria.
Effect of Preoperative Body Composition on Postoperative Anastomotic Leakage in Oncological Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy—A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Herzberg Jonas , Strate Tim , Passlack Leon , Guraya Salman Yousuf , Honarpisheh Human
Published: December 2024

Background: Surgery for esophageal cancer has an associated high rate of postoperative complications such as anastomotic leakage (AL) and fistulas. Pre-operative sarcopenia as a loss of skeletal muscle mass and function is identified as a potential prognostic factor in determining the outcomes of oncological surgical resections for esophageal cancers. In this study, we evaluated the impact of body composition on postoperative complications in esophageal cancer surgery. Methods: In this cohort study, we analyzed patients’ body composition at the level of the third lumbar vertebra on CT scans before Ivor Lewis resections for esophageal cancers between January 2015 and December 2022. Patients with a skeletal muscle index (SMI) ≤ 38.5 cm2/m2 in women and ≤52.4 cm2/m2 in men were classified as sarcopenic. Postoperative complications were categorized following the Dindo–Clavien classification and included AL, postoperative pneumonia, length of hospital stay, and failure-to-rescue which were compared between the sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients. Results: From a group of 111 patients with Ivor Lewis esophagectomy, 70 patients (63.1%) were classified as sarcopenic based on the SMI and the previously published gender-specific cut-off values. AL occurred at 12.6% (5.6% in adenocarcinoma). Within the whole cohort, patients with AL had a significantly low SMI of 43.487 ± 8.088 vs. 48.668 ± 7.514; p = 0.012. Additionally, the SMI showed a negative correlation to the length of postoperative hospital stay (r = −0.204; p = 0.032; N = 111). The failure-to-rescue rate was higher in the group of sarcopenic patients (12.8% vs. 8%). Conclusions: Our data showed a correlation between SMI and AL. This effect could not be seen in gender-specific SMI. This study showed a lower failure-to-rescue rate in non-sarcopenic patients after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. These findings underscore the crucial role of determining the preoperative nutritional and body composition status as measured by the preoperative CT scans.