bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of prophylactic use of ketamine for prevention of postanesthetic shivering: A system review and meta analysis
Authors: Zhou Yang , Mannan Abdul , Han Yuan , Liu He , Guan Hui-Lian , Gao Xing , Dai Ming-Sheng , Cao Junli
Published: August 2019

Background Post-anaesthetic shivering is a common complication of anaesthesia which accounts for much discomfort in postoperative patients. The main purpose of this meta analysis is to analyze and evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic use of ketamine for preventing postanesthetic shivering. Methods We searched the following databases: Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trails for randomized controlled trials. The primary outcome being observed was the incidence rate of postanesthetic shivering. The secondary outcome was the sedation score and incidence of the side effects caused by drugs utilized in the study. Results In this meta analysis, we analyzed a total of 16 trials including 1485 patients. Ketamine did reduced the incidence rate of postanesthetic shivering compared with placebo(odds ratio [OR]: 0.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06 to 0.26, P＜0.00001). The observation related to the side effects showed no evident variability regarding the incidence rate of nausea and vomiting. Usage of ketamine was associated with a lower rate of hypotension and bradycardia when compared with placebo. Hallucination was more frequently observed in patients receiving ketamine of higher doses. No significant difference was found in the incidence of postanesthetic shivering for all comparisons between ketamine and other pharmacological interventions. The occurrence of side effects caused by ketamine or other study drugs was similar with an exception of the comparison between ketamine and ondansetron where ketamine lowered the incidence of hypotension but with a relatively higher incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Conclusions Ketamine has a preventive effect on postanesthetic shivering without causing any severe side effects. However, ketamine shows no advantage over other antishivering drugs.
Effect of Daesiho-tang on obesity with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A study protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial
Authors: Han Kyungsun , Kwon Ojin , Park Hyo-ju , Jung So-Young , Yang Changsop , Son Chang-Gue
Published: August 2019

Background

The high prevalence of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty acid disease has become an important public health problem. Daesiho-tang (DST) is an herbal medicine widely used to treat obesity, metabolic syndrome and liver diseases. This pilot study will assess the feasibility of using DST in obese patients with a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prior to undertaking a full-scale clinical trial.

Methods

This is a study protocol for a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, stratified, placebo-controlled pilot trial. We will recruit a total of 60 participants with body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 and will have NAFLD. They will take either DST or placebo (3 g, three times daily) for 12 weeks with a 4-week follow-up period. The effects of DST will be evaluated by the mean change in body weight as the primary measurement and other secondary parameters (body composition, anthropometric measurements, blood tests, hepatic fat quantification through transient elastography and a physical symptoms questionnaire). Faecal samples will be collected before and after the intervention for a gut microbial analysis.

Discussion

This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of DST on weight loss and obesity-related markers, along with NAFLD-related clinical parameters in obese patients with NAFLD. Furthermore, it will provide insight into the DST pharmacological mechanism of action through a gut microbiome analysis
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Late Antenatal Care Visit in Ethiopia: A population-based study using the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Abebe Eskeziaw Kassahun , Dessie Amanuel Addisu , Zeleke Liknaw Bewket
Published: August 2019

Objectives

Maternal health care services are important for the survival and wellbeing of both mother and infant. In 2015, an estimated 303,000 women died from pregnancy-related complications. The Ethiopian government has implemented strategies to enhance maternal health service utilization, and reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. However, only 20.4% of women initiated the first antenatal care visit before 16 weeks of gestation. Therefore, this study assessed factors associated with late antenatal care visit in Ethiopia. A community based cross-sectional study design was used to examine 4,740 women from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data. Odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed to examine the strength of an association. In the multivariable analysis, variables with p-value <0.05 were considered as statistically significant.

Result

The prevalence of late initiation of first antenatal care visit in Ethiopia was 67.3% (65.0%,69.6%). Living in rural areas (AOR= 95% CI:1.19,2.56) and fifth or above birth order (AOR=1.5;95% CI:1.10,2.00) were significantly associated with late antenatal care visit. Consequently, increasing the access and utilization of family planning, and raise an awareness on the benefit of early initiation of first antenatal care visit is recommended.
Informing patients with progressive neurological disease of their health status, and their adaptation to the disease
Authors: Bužgová Radka , Kozáková Radka
Published: August 2019

Background

Progressive neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, significantly interfere with patients' lives, and those of their families. The aim of the research was to establish whether the extent of the information on patients' health conditions, and the way patients learn this information from doctors affect their adaptation to chronic and progressive diseases.

Methods

Qualitative methodology was used for a total of 52 participants (patients with progressive neurological diseases, their family members, and health and social workers). Data were collected using individual, in-depth interviews and focus groups. Analysis of data for interpretation, conceptualization, and re-integration was performed by open, axial, and selective coding.

Results

It was determined that adequate information about patients’ health status, and the use of coping strategies are related to their adaptation to their disease, and consequently, to their quality of life. The participants often considered the extent of the information provided, and the way they were informed to be inadequate. Receiving the diagnosis, the progression of the disease, and the end of life were found to be the most burdensome.

Conclusion

Our results show that Czech neurologist should develop better communication skills, particularly for informing patients with progressive neurological diseases. Open communication, emotional support, and support in selecting effective coping strategies can help patients adapt more readily to their disease, and improve their quality of life.
Superiority of mucosal incision-assisted biopsy over ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy to diagnose small gastric subepithelial lesions:A propencity score matching analysis
Authors: Minoda Yosuke , Chinen Takatoshi , Osoegawa Takashi , Itaba Soichi , Haraguchi Kazuhiro , Akiho Hirotada , Aso Akira , Sumida Yorinobu , Komori Keishi , Ogino Haruei , Ihara Eikichi , Ogawa Yoshihiro
Published: August 2019

Background/ Aims

Gastric subepithelial lesions (SELs), including gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), which have malignant potential, are often found during routine gastroscopy. Although careful histological evaluation is necessary to diagnose gastric SELs, biopsies of such lesions are not as easily performed as for epithelial lesions. While endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNAB) is the gold standard to diagnose gastric SELs, an open biopsy technique (mucosal incision-assisted biopsy (MIAB)), has been reported useful. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of MIAB for gastric SELs compared with EUS-FNAB.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data from the medical records of 177 consecutive patients with gastric SELs who underwent either MIAB or EUS-FNAB at five hospitals in Japan between January 2010 and January 2018. Diagnostic yield, procedural time, and adverse event rates for the two procedures were evaluated before and after propensity-score matching.

Results

No major procedure-related adverse events were observed in either group. Both procedures yielded highly-accurate diagnoses once large enough samples were obtained; however, such successful sampling was more often accomplished by MIAB than by EUS-FNAB, especially for small SELs. As a result, MIAB provided better diagnostic yields for SELs smaller than 20-mm diameter. The diagnostic yields of both procedures were comparable for SELs larger than 20-mm diameter; however, MIAB required significantly longer procedural time (approximately 13 minutes) compared with EUS-FNAB.

Conclusions

Although MIAB required longer procedural time, it outperformed EUS-FNAB when diagnosing gastric SELs smaller than 20-mm diameter.
Prevalence unmet need for family planning and its associated factors in Ethiopia 2019: sytematic review and meta analysis
Authors: Getaneh Temesgen , Negesse Ayenew , Moltot Tebabere
Published: August 2019

Background

unmet need for family planning is a common cuase of uninteded pregnancy which mostly end up with abortion. Many fragmented studies were conducted on unmet need in Ethiopia but no single evidence was present. So this meta analysis was established to estimate the pooled prevalence of unmet need for family planning in Ethiopia.

Methods

articles were retrived through search engines: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, HINARI portal, and Cochrane Library using the preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA) checklist guidelines. Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) was applied for critical appraisal of included articles. Random effect model meta analysis was done to estimate the pooled prevalence of unmet need for family planning with their respective Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Cochran’s Q statistic, Egger’s and Begg’s test and meta regression were carried out to assess heterogeneity, publication bias and to identify associated factors respectively.

Results

15 articles and 17, 585 reproductive age women were included to estimate the polled prevalence of unmet need for family planning in Ethiopia. The pooled prevalence of unmet need for family planning in Ethiopia was 31.45% (95%CI: 26.52, 36.39). Age at first marriage <18yrs with OR=2.3 (95% CI: 1.08, 4.87), being illiterate women with OR= 0.9 (95%CI: 1.19, 3.04), illiterate partner with OR=1.78 (95%CI: 1.18, 2.68) and absence of discussion with their partner with OR=3.52 (95%CI: 2.56, 4.87) were the associated factors.

Conclusion

This meta analysis revealed the prevalence of unmet need for family planning in Ethiopia was high. Early marriage, illiteracy and absence of open discussion were factors affecting the prevalence of unmet ned for family planning. Therefore, the responsible body inlcuding family health guiadance should strength women empowerment interms of education (equal accessible eduaction for all), avoid early marriage (before 18yrs) and facilitate open partners discussion within house hold.
The Key Candidate Genes in Tubulointerstitial Injury of Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD) Patients as Determined by Bioinformatic Analysis
Authors: Wang Wanpeng , Shen Jianxiao , Pan Yan , Qi Chaojun , Liang Senlin , Kuai Qiaolin , Zuo Zhi
Published: August 2019

Background: Tubulointerstitial injury (TIL) is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD), which in turn, leads to loss of renal function. The aims of present study were to screen critical genes with tubulointerstitial lesion in CKD by weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA).
Methods: GSE104954 gene expression data downloaded from GEO database were used for analysis for differential expression genes(DEGs); Meanwhile, 90 expression data of tubulointerstitial samples in GSE47185 combined with clinic information were applied to WGCNA. According to the enrichment analysis and relationship with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the eGFR-associated modules were defined, and the hub gene is selected according to the average intramodular connectivity (Kwithin); Clinical data from Nephroseq were obtained to further validate the relationship between CKD and hub genes.
Results: Totally 294 DEGs were screened. Using the WGCNA, we identified 15 co-expressed modules, the blue, brown and yellow modules exhibited strongly association with eGFR, and were significantly enriched in several signaling pathways that have been reported involved in pathogenesis of CKD. Furthermore, it was found that the 4 genes (PLG, ITGB2, CTSS and CCL5) was one of the DEGs which also be identified as hub genes according to Kwithin. Finally, the Nephroseq online tool showed that the tubulointerstitial expression levels of PLG significantly positively correlated with the eGFR, while ITGB2, CTSS and CCL5 connected negatively to the eGFR.
Conclusion: WGCNA is an efficient approach to system biology. By this procedure, the present study improved the understanding of the transcriptome status of renal tubulointerstitial injury in CKD.
Comparison of the JOURNEY II Bi-Cruciate Stabilised and GENESIS II Total Knee Arthroplasty in Performance and functional Ability. A Randomised Controlled Trial (CAPAbility). The study protocol.
Authors: Clarke Celia , Pomeroy Valerie , Clark Allan , Creelman Graham , Hancock Nicola , Horton Simon , Killett Anne , Mann Charles , Payerne Estelle , Toms Andoni , Roberts Gareth , Smith Toby , Swart Ann Marie , McNamara Iain
Published: August 2019

Background: Osteoarthritis of the knee is a common condition that is expected to rise in the next two decades leading to an associated increase in total knee replacement (TKR) surgery. Although there is little debate regarding the safety and efficacy of modern TKR, up to 20% (Baker et al 2007) of patients report poor functional outcomes following surgery. This study will look at the functional outcome of two TKR; the JOURNEY II Bi Cruciate Stabilised knee, a newer prosthesis designed to provide guided motion and improve knee kinematics by more closely approximating a normal knee and the GENESIS II, a proven existing design. Aim: The aim of the CAPAbility study is to compare the change in patient reported outcome scores, of the JOURNEY II BCS and the GENESIS II from pre-operation to six months post-operation. Methods: CAPAbility is a pragmatic, blinded, two-arm parallel, randomised controlled trial recruiting patients with primary osteoarthritis due to have unilateral knee replacement surgery across two UK hospitals. Eligible participants (n = 80) will be randomly allocated to receive either the JOURNEY II or the GENESIS II BCS knee prosthesis. Baseline measures will be taken prior to surgery, with patients followed at one week, six to eight weeks and six months post-operatively. The primary outcome is the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) at six months post-operatively. Secondary outcomes include: other patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), biomechanical, radiological (computer tomography, (CT)), clinical efficacy and safety outcomes. An embedded qualitative study will also investigate patients’ perspectives via interview pre and post-surgery on variables known to affect the outcome of knee replacement surgery. A sub-sample (n=30) will have additional in-depth interviews to explore themes identified. The surgeons’ perspectives on the operation will be investigated by a group interview after all participants have had surgery. Discussion: This trial will evaluate two generations of TKR by PROMS and kinematic analysis with additional CT measurements and qualitative outcomes from the patient perspective. Trial registration. ISRCTN32315753, 12 December 2017. http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN32315753 Keywords: Total Knee Arthroplasty; knee replacement; functional ability; knee prosthesis; kinematics; primary 0steoarthritis.
Pivarubicin is more effective than doxorubicin against triple-negative breast cancer in vivo
Authors: Lothstein Leonard , Soberman Judith Ellen , Parke Deanna , Gandhi Jatin , Sweatman Trevor , Seagroves Tiffany
Published: August 2019

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is unresponsive to anti-estrogen and anti-HER2 therapies, requiring the use of cytotoxic drug combinations of anthracyclines, taxanes, cyclophosphamide and platinum compounds. Multidrug therapies achieve pathological cure rates of only 20-40%, a consequence of drug resistance and cumulative dose limitations necessitated by the irreversible cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines and other cytotoxic agents. Safer and more effective treatments for TNBC are required to achieve durable therapeutic responses. This study describes the mechanism of action and in vivo efficacy of pivarubicin, a structurally and functionally novel anthracycline, to determine whether pivarubicin is potentially more effective and safer than doxorubicin against human primary TNBC.

Methods: Hydrolytic stability, mechanism and ability of pivarubicin to circumvent mechanisms of resistance are tested in multiple tumor lines through modulation of PKC-delta activity and assessment of drug cytotoxicity. Comparative in vivo efficacy is tested in an orthotopic NSG mouse model implanted with MDA-MB-231 human TNBC cells and treated with the maximum tolerated doses of pivarubicin and doxorubicin, followed by monitoring of tumor growth by digital caliper measurements and determination of endpoint tumor weight and volume. Endpoint cardiotoxicity is assessed histologically by identifying microvacuolization in ventricular cardiomyocytes.

Results: The trimethylester moiety of pivarubicin confers hydrolytic stability relative to the closely related congener, AD 198, but retains the ability of other N -alkylbenzyladriamycin compounds to directly activate PKC-delta and trigger rapid mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. The structure and function of pivarubicin permits circumvention of resistance conferred by overexpression of P-glycoprotein, Bcl-2, Bcl-X L and Bcr-Abl. Primary tumors treated with the multiple rounds of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of doxorubicin failed to inhibit tumor growth compared with vehicle-treated tumors. However, administration of a single MTD of pivarubicin produced significant inhibition of tumor growth and tumor regression relative to tumor volume prior to initiation of treatment. Histological analysis of hearts excised from drug- and vehicle-treated mice revealed that pivarubicin produced no evidence of myocardial damage at this therapeutic dose.

Conclusion: These results support the development of pivarubicin as a safer and more effective replacement for doxorubicin against TNBC as well as other malignancies for which doxorubicin therapy is indicated.
Determinants of health-related quality of life in colon cancer patients include stoma and smoking habits, but not type of surgery
Authors: Tiselius Catarina , Rosenblad Andreas , Strand Eva , Smedh Kennet
Published: August 2019

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has gained increased attention in cancer care. Studies have shown that poor QoL might worsen the cancer related prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate HRQoL in patients with colon cancer and to compare data with reference values from the general population in Sweden at diagnosis (baseline) and at six months of follow-up.

Methods : This was a prospective population-based study of colon cancer patients from Västmanland County, Sweden, included between March 2012 and September 2016. HRQoL was measured using the cancer-specific EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Data on HRQoL was compared with Swedish population reference values. Multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) physical status classification, emergency/elective surgery, and resection with/without a stoma and tumour stage (TNM), was used.

Results : A total of 67% (376/561) of all incident colon cancer patients (196 [52.1%] females) were included. Mean (range) age was 73 (30-96) years. The univariate analysis showed that patients with colon cancer had worse QoL (8/15 parameters) compared with a Swedish reference population both at baseline and at 6 months follow-up. Furthermore, linear regression analysis showed that patients with more comorbidity (ASA 3 and 4), smokers and patients planned to be operated on with a stoma, were at higher risks for poor QoL than the other included patients.

Conclusions : The reported determinants of HRQoL may be used to identify risk groups and enable individualized care for patients that need more support from health care.
The Efficacy of Three Diatomaceous Earth Sources for Removing Tylosin from Aqueous Systems
Authors: Stromer Bobbi S. , Woodbury Bryan , Williams Clinton F.
Published: August 2019

Antibiotics used during animal production are the same or very similar to antibiotics used by humans. Tylosin, structurally similar to erythromycin prescribed to humans, is a common livestock antibiotic. Therefore, tylosin and other similar antibiotics present a potential threat of environmental buildup resulting in increased microbial resistance. To mitigate this potential impact, a remediation method for reducing the load of antimicrobials entering the environment is needed. The binding properties of different types of diatomaceous earth (DE) were investigated for maximum binding and the influencing physical characteristics to determine the potential use as a binding agent for wastewater treatment. Swimming pool DE was 99% crystalline silica and did not sorb any tylosin. Raw DE was 65% amorphous silica, 20% clay, and had 3% organic matter by weight. Langmuir isotherms predicted a maximum binding capacity of 49 ± 3 mg g−1 with a binding constant of 37,342 ± 5653 M−1. This was almost 3.3 times more than previously published work investigating the binding of tylosin to kieselguhr that is 96% amorphous silica with little to no clays or organic matter present. To determine the role of organic matter and clays in binding capacity, raw DE was digested with 3% hydrogen peroxide and adsorption isotherms were constructed. After removal of the organic matter, predicted maximum binding of tylosin increased to 88 ± 2 mg g−1, whereas the binding constant slightly decreased (23,482 ± 3264 M−1). It was concluded that the DE–clay matrix was responsible for high binding and therefore had the greatest potential for application in a wastewater treatment process.

Core Ideas

Tylosin binds to amorphous diatomaceous earth but not crystalline.

The presence of clays in diatomaceous earth improves binding.

Clay–diatomaceous earth matrix can be recycled by treatment with hydrogen peroxide.
Nitrogen Removal in Woodchip‐based Biofilters of Variable Designs Treating Agricultural Drainage Discharges
Authors: Hoffmann Carl Christian , Larsen Søren Erik , Kjaergaard Charlotte
Published: August 2019

Subsurface flow wetlands with a woodchip‐based biofilter are known to act as effective measures in mitigating site‐specific nutrient losses in agricultural drainage. To optimize operation, the combined effect of water temperature, hydraulic residence time (HRT), and filter design is fundamental. This 2‐yr study evaluated a combination of three flow designs and two woodchips mixtures at a test facility receiving agricultural drainage discharge from a 78‐ha catchment. The biofilter test facility consisted of six independent parallel‐constructed wetlands (CW1–CW6), with two types of filter mixtures and three different hydraulic designs (horizontal, vertical upward, and vertical downward flow). Horizontal CWs performed best with an annual removal of total N (TN) amounting to 53 to 54% of the load, corresponding to a daily removal of 2.16 to 2.32 g N m−3d−1. Removal by the vertical CWs amounted to 38 to 60% of the TN load or 1.19 to 2.31 g N m−3d−1. Despite low temperatures and HRT down to 3 h, all CWs functioned well in winter with 20 to 30% N removal. In contrast, during summer when the hydraulic load was low and HRT was up to >96 h, N removal was ∼100%, and the reduction sequence proceeded with sulfate reduction and formation of H2S. Statistical analysis and model development revealed that the percentage removal of both TN and nitrate N was mostly dependent on water temperature and HRT, explaining 81.7 to 91.1 and 83.5 to 89.5% of the variation, respectively.

Core Ideas

The hydraulic design influences seasonal and annual N removal efficiency.

Water temperature and hydraulic residence time control N removal efficiency.

Operational models can be used for dimensioning biofilters for N removal efficiency.
Development of a Database to Collect Emission Values for Livestock Systems
Authors: Vigan Aurore , Hassouna Mélynda , Guingand Nadine , Brame Coline , Edouard Nadège , Eglin Thomas , Espagnol Sandrine , Eugène Maguy , Génermont Sophie , Lagadec Solène , Lorinquer Elise , Loyon Laurence , Ponchant Paul , Robin Paul
Published: August 2019

Growing demand for animal products has contributed to an increase in biogeochemical fluxes, leading particularly to gaseous ammonia, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions into the atmosphere. Developing accurate knowledge on the sources and magnitude of gas emissions from the livestock sector is essential to reducing emissions, while meeting other societal expectations, and to implementing effective regulations. To this end, a database called ELFE (ELevage et Facteurs d’Emission; i.e., Livestock and Emission Factors) was recently developed. It currently contains ∼5200 gas emission measurements extracted from 345 publications of the international literature published from 1964 to 2018 from 37 countries. One of its innovative aspects is the structured and comprehensive description of both the livestock system and the measurement method associated with emission data. Ammonia emitted by livestock systems represents 40 to 80% of emission values and 45 to 81% of the values concern production systems with slurry, depending on the animal produced. This database will contribute to improved emission factors for national inventories by more thoroughly considering factors influencing emission levels and data quality. It highlights the need for shared and standardized reporting protocols for both the livestock system itself and the measurement conditions, to allow for thorough comparisons and to reduce uncertainty in unit conversions. The database is available online on the Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA) platform (https://data.inra.fr/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.15454/MHJPYT) and will be updated annually with new gas emissions.

Core Ideas

A new database includes about 5200 emission values from 345 publications.

Of these emission values, 62% were related to NH3, 41% to CH4, 29% to N2O, and 29% to CO2.

The database includes a detailed description of production systems and measurement methods.

Complete data for system description and unit conversion increase potential uses.
Addressing Imbalances in Phosphorus Accumulation in Canadian Agricultural Soils
Authors: Reid Keith , Schneider Kimberley , Joosse Pamela
Published: August 2019

Adequate phosphorus (P) is needed for crop production, but excessive P poses a potential risk to water quality. Results from the cumulative P balance calculations within the indicator of risk of water contamination by phosphorus (IROWC‐P) developed in Canada were assessed to determine the spatial and temporal trends in P accumulation at a regional scale and to consider the implications of these trends. Regional cumulative P balances were calculated from census data as a proxy for soil test P (STP) values, including the contribution of fertilizer or manure P to these balances. Ideally, over time we would see a convergence of soil test values at the low end of the critical response range for crop growth, where agronomic and environmental considerations are balanced, but this does not appear to be the case for many regions in Canada. Nationally, about 61% of agricultural land was predicted to be low in STP, and over half of this land is failing to replace the P that is removed each year. While only about 10% of the agricultural land has accumulated significantly more P than is needed for crop growth, almost all of this land is continuing to accumulate P rather than drawing it down. Manure is the dominant P source for continuing accumulation in regions with high or very high estimated STP; reducing this input will be difficult because of the nature of manure and the investment in buildings and infrastructure tied to specific locations, but it is clear that current Canadian policies need strengthened.

Core Ideas

Neither deficiency nor excess of P in soil is desirable.

Imbalanced P distribution across Canada shows significant areas of deficiency and excess.

Regions with high P soils continue to be enriched while regions with low P soils are depleted.

In most high P regions, continued P buildup is dominated by livestock manure.

Options to rebalance P inputs in these regions include dispersing livestock operations.
High-pressure minerals
Authors: Tschauner Oliver
Published: August 2019

This article is dedicated to the occurrence, relevance, and structure of minerals whose formation involves high pressure. This includes minerals that occur in the interior of the Earth as well as minerals that are found in shock-metamorphized meteorites and terrestrial impactites. I discuss the chemical and physical reasons that render the definition of high-pressure minerals meaningful, in distinction from minerals that occur under surface-near conditions on Earth or at high temperatures in space or on Earth. Pressure-induced structural transformations in rock-forming minerals define the basic divisions of Earth's mantle in the upper mantle, transition zone, and lower mantle. Moreover, the solubility of minor chemical components in these minerals and the occurrence of accessory phases are influential in mixing and segregating chemical elements in Earth as an evolving planet. Brief descriptions of the currently known high-pressure minerals are presented. Over the past 10 years more high-pressure minerals have been discovered than during the previous 50 years, based on the list of minerals accepted by the IMA. The previously unexpected richness in distinct high-pressure mineral species allows for assessment of differentiation processes in the deep Earth.
Domain wall problem in the quantum XXZ chain and semiclassical behavior close to the isotropic point
Authors: Misguich Grégoire , Pavloff Nicolas , Pasquier Vincent
Published: August 2019

We study the dynamics of a spin-\frac{1}{2}12
XXZ chain which is initially prepared in a domain-wall state. We compare
the results of time-dependent Density Matrix Renormalization Group
simulations with those of an effective description in terms of a
classical anisotropic Landau-Lifshitz (LL) equation. Numerous quantities
are analyzed: magnetization (xx,
yy
and zz
components), energy density, energy current, but also some spin-spin
correlation functions or entanglement entropy in the quantum chain.
Without any adjustable parameter a quantitative agreement is observed
between the quantum and the LL problems in the long time limit, when the
models are close to the isotropic point. This is explained as a
consequence of energy conservation. At the isotropic point the mapping
between the LL equation and the nonlinear Schrödinger equation is used
to construct a variational solution capturing several aspects of the
problem.
A (In)consistência das Agendas Transversais de Governo frente aos Grupos de Interesse: o caso do Promeso
Authors: Rocha Neto João Mendes , Borges Djalma Freire
Published: August 2019

As políticas públicas têm sido estudadas a partir de diferentes aspectos teóricos e técnicos. No entanto, ainda persiste uma lacuna que enfrente questões diversas relacionadas a intersetorialidade e a integração de ações das agências governamentais. A proposta do artigo é contribuir para a construção de uma metodologia que possibilite compreender alguns limites dessa atuação intersetorial partindo de dimensões até então pouco tratadas nos estudos existentes. A construção da pesquisa demandou uma revisão teórica que transitou da ciência política ao desenvolvimento regional, passando pelo debate da transversalidade e intersetorialidade em políticas públicas, utilizou bases de dados da Secretaria de Orçamento Federal além de consultar documentos oficiais do Ministério da Integração Nacional que caracterizam o Programa de Desenvolvimento Sustentável de Mesorregiões Diferenciadas, bem como de informações do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. O trabalho chegou a conclusão que as políticas públicas caracterizadas pelas intersetorialidade, apresentam marcas claras de competição e pouca coordenação entre as agências do governo federal.
O Uso de Recursos Estratégicos na Produção de Orgânicos: o caso dos produtores da feira ecológica de Passo Fundo-RS
Authors: Padilha Ana Claudia Machado , Eidelwein Jordana , Vasconcelos Neto Antônio Genésio , Vieira Adriana Carvalho Pinto , Souza Marcelino De
Published: August 2019

A pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar os recursos estratégicos tangíveis e intangíveis utilizados na produção de orgânicos dos produtores da Feira Ecológica de Passo Fundo-RS. Em termos metodológicos, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa, tendo a população alvo os produtores de orgânicos da Feira Ecológica de Passo Fundo. Foram pesquisados seis produtores, utilizando o critério de saturação, a partir de critérios de seleção que responderam ao questionário, elaborado a partir da literatura da Visão Baseada em Recursos (VBR). As respostas foram analisadas utilizando a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Como resultados significativos, pode-se destacar que os recursos tangíveis e intangíveis são elementos fundamentais para o sucesso da atividade de produção de orgânicos, com destaque especial para a instituição cooperativa, com a função de congregar os produtores, viabilizar o canal de comercialização e, especialmente, oferecer mecanismos de certificação da produção orgânica.
Cooperação Brasil-Timor-Leste sob o paradigma do dom e da hospitalidade
Authors: Nogueira Silvia Garcia , Araújo Wemblley Lucena de
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo discute, a partir de uma pesrpectiva crítica, o processo de Cooperação Sul-Sul (CSS) no campo educacional entre Brasil e Timor-Leste, com base no paradigma do dom e da hospitalidade. Durante o governo Lula (2003-2010), a CSS se constituiu como uma das principais plataformas de inserção do Brasil no meio internacional. Além disso, foi o governo que mais energizou esforços ao desenvolvimento da cooperação educacional. No entanto, o argumento central é que o Brasil ainda necessita investir mais em políticas de recepção de estudantes estrangeiros orientadas por uma lógica do bem-receber. Nesses termos, a metodologia aplicada consistiu na análise de documentos oficiais, incluindo um protocolo de cooperação entre ambos os países, a literatura especializada e uma pesquisa de caráter etnográfico realizada com 30 estudantes timorenses. Diante do que foi observado, conclui-se que o processo de cooperação no campo educacional, quando compreendido a partir de variáveis endógenas e exógenas, revelam peculiaridades e desafios que podem ser superados a partir das práticas ancoradas no paradigma do dom e da hospitalidade.
As Organizações Sindicais no Sistema Internacional de Cooperação para o Desenvolvimento
Authors: Salomón Mónica , Rosa Jonathan Raphael Vieira da
Published: August 2019

Este artigo trata da participação das organizações sindicais no Sistema Internacional de Cooperação para o Desenvolvimento (SICD). Identifica e analisa os atores e os processos envolvidos nas políticas solidárias sindicais (Norte-Sul e Sul-Sul) conhecidas como Cooperação Sindical para o Desenvolvimento (CSD). Trata, também, do papel e do posicionamento das organizações sindicais nos debates sobre a substância e a arquitetura do SICD. Realizamos um estudo qualitativo, distinguindo o nível de análise nacional – onde a CSD é uma política sindical vinculada, em maior ou menor medida, à política governamental de CooperaçãoInternacional para o Desenvolvimento (CID) – e o nível sistêmico, no qual a CSD opera como sub-regime do SICD. Utilizamos fontes documentais das próprias organizações sindicais, literatura secundária e, para o caso da cooperação da Central Única dos Trabalhadores (CUT) brasileira, entrevistas com os responsáveis pelo Instituto de Cooperação (IC-CUT). No nível nacional, concluímos que, com exceções (entre elas a do Brasil), a CSD está bastante integrada às políticas nacionais de CID. No nível sistêmico, observamos que o movimentosindical internacional tem se esforçado para estabelecer diretrizes comuns para a CSD e para inserir suas demandas na agenda internacional sobre o desenvolvimento, em particular os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS).
Particulate copper electrodeposited on carbon felt for degradation of low concentration of methyl iodide in liquid radioactive wastes
Authors: Huang Guangtuan , Huang Li
Published: August 2019

In this work, the study of copper particles deposition on to carbon felt was presented by pulse electrodeposition method to electrochemically degrade methyl iodide (CH3I, 1 mg L−1) in aqueous solution. In order to solve the problems linked to the heterogeneous potential distribution in the 3-D porous structure, which lead to the so-called ‘black core’, we successfully used low concentration of copper salt (1 mM) and negative deposition potential (−2.5 V) to obtain Cu-nanoparticles/carbon felt (Cu-nano/CF) electrode, the copper coating improved the specific surface area of carbon felt from ∼0.07 to 0.7 m2 g−1 with high catalytic activity. Results show that 98.1% of CH3I can be removed with the Cu-nano/CF electrode in 120 min.
Manejo de la primera alimentación del bocachico (Prochilodus magdalenae)
Authors: Atencio-García Víctor , Kerguelén Eduardo , Wadnipar Lina , Narváez Ana
Published: August 2019

En el Centro de Investigación Piscícola de la Universidad de Córdoba se realizaron dos experimentos; en el primero, el objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes presas en el manejo de la primera alimentación del bocachico Prochilodus magdalenae y en el segundo, con la mejor presa del ensayo anterior, determinar el tiempo mínimo de manejo de la primera alimentación. En ambos casos las post-larvas fueron sembradas a 50/ L en acuario de 5 L. En el primer experimento se evaluaron las siguientes presas: nauplios de Artemia (NA), cistos descapsulados de Artemia (CA), zooplancton silvestre tamizado entre 125-160 μm (Z125-160) y zooplancton silvestre tamizado entre 250-400 μm (Z250-400), ofrecidas durante cinco días a razón de 5 Presa/mL. Además, un grupo de post-larvas fue sometida a ayuno. Las mayores ganancias de peso y longitud total la registraron las post-larvas alimentadas con NA (2.0±1.8 mg, 1.8±0.9 mm) y Z250-400 (2.0±1.1 mg, 1.6±0.5 mm). La sobrevivencia de las post-larvas alimentadas con NA (73.2±10.7%) fue mayor a las registradas en los demás tratamientos (P<0.05). La baja sobrevivencia de las post-larvas alimentadas con Z250-400 μm (49.9±23.8%) se debió a la mortalidad ocasionada por la presencia de copépodos predadores en el zooplancton ofrecido (Mesocyclops sp, Thermocyclops decipiens ). El pobre crecimiento de las post-larvas alimentadas con Z125- 160 (0.8±0.4 mg, 1.1±0.2 mm) y CA (0.5±0.9 mg, 0.7±0.5 mm) fue debido en el caso del zooplancton porque resultó pequeño para la abertura bucal del bocachico (671±12.8 mm) y por tanto ineficiente en el balance energético; mientras que en el caso de CA este se comportó como un alimento inerte que no estimuló su consumo. En el segundo ensayo se ofreció NA durantes diferentes periodos: 1, 3, 5 y 7 días, a razón de 5 presas/mL. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la sobrevivencia final entre los diferentes tratamientos; la cual osciló entre 86.0±9.8% (1 día) y 91.1±7,7% (3 días). Las post-larvas alimentadas por 7 días presentaron la mejor ganancia en peso (5.3±3.8 mg) y ganancia en longitud (2.8±1.6 mm). Las post-larvas alimentadas entre 3 y 5 días no presentaron diferencias significativas en la ganancia en peso (P>0.05). Mientras que la tasa de crecimiento específico (G) osciló entre 17.1 (5 días) y 22.3 %/día (3 días), sin observarse diferencias estadísticas significativas (P>0.05). Las post-larvas alimentadas durante 3, 5 y 7 días presentaron las mejores sobrevivencias (92.2±6.2, 93.3±4.3, 95.6±3.9% respectivamente) cuando fueron sometidas a la prueba de resistencia al estrés. Las post-larvas alimentadas por un solo día mostraron la menor sobrevivencia al ser sometidas a esta prueba (87±1%). Los resultados del estudio sugieren que nauplios de Artemia o zooplancton silvestre en el rango de 250-400 mm, libre de predadores, son presas adecuada para el manejo de la primera alimentación al menos durante 3 días antes de ser sembradas en estanques en tierra.
Zoonosis: cerca o lejos de nosotros?
Authors: Máttar Salim , Visbal Jorge , Bermúdez Augusto
Published: August 2019

La OPS y las entidades encargadas de la salud reconocen la importancia de las zoonosis y su gran impacto en la economía y la salud de los pueblos. El examinar con detalles y precaución los diversos microorganismos que infectan al hombre y su enorme importancia médica, se observa una alta prevalencia en climas cálidos y tropicales como los de Colombia. En ese sentido los países en vías de desarrollo padecen perdidas económicas incalculables incluso mucho más altas que los países industrializados, en parte por el menor desarrollo de los servicios veterinarios y de salud pública.
Performance evaluation of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties under Northern Plainsof India
Authors: MISHRA TS , MISHRA NK , MISHRA VK , MISHRA US , SINGH HM
Published: August 2019

A field experiment was conducted at Allahabad in order to evaluate the performance of different Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties under the climatic conditions of Northern Plains of India.The experiment was carried out for two consecutive years i.e., during 2015-16 and 2016-17to assess the morphology, physiological behaviour of these potato varieties/strains under a similar set of agro-climatic conditions. All the potato varieties/strainsviz.E-4486,JI-5857, JI-1804, JI-1808, JG-224, JG-657,JE-808, JF-110, JF-27, JF-547,JG-1134, Fr/B-10, JH-222, EM/H- 1601,JF-4864, JF-5106, JF-4915,JH-49,JH-516,JI-5871,FR-B-4,FR-B-4,FR/B-21,FR.B-105,G-2524,Kufri Sheetman, Kufri Chandramukhi, Kufri Bahar, Kufri Lalima, Kufri Badshah, Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Alankar and Kufri Sinduri were replicated thrice under randomized block design. Important information on different aspects like tuber sprouting, plant growth and development and yield was gathered in all the treatments.Potato variety JH-222 was the best performer followed by JG-224, E-4486, JF-547, Kufri Bahar, FR/B-10, Kufri Badshah, JF-110, Kufri Chandramukhi, EM/H-1601, Kufri Alankar, JF-27, JG-1334 and JE-808.
Constraints in Adoption ofModern Farm Machines by Tribal Farmers in Ramgarh District of Jharkhand
Authors: SUNDARAM PK , SARKAR BIKASH , KUMAR UJJWAL , ANURAG AP , RAGHAV DK , MALI SS
Published: August 2019

About (20) Pseudomonas rogenosa isolate were experienced for their ability of protease production by calculating the diameter of lysis area after developing on skim milk agar medium (qualitatively ) andamp; the results exhibited that only isolate no (5), was higher isolate for protease making of (26mm) of lysis area. Then, the protein concentration also identified by Bradford method andamp; it was found of 0.16 mg/ ml , then purification was done by using an ion- exchange chromatography with DEAE sephadex G- 100 column andamp; the results showed the presence of 1 peak of enzyme with 50 Kd of molecular weight 2 peaks of other proteins . we tried to investigate the invitro Cytotoxic effect of purified enzyme against two human cancer lines, HeP2 (Human larynx epidermed carcinoma ) , RD ( Rabdo- Sarcoma ) , andamp; one normal cell line Ref ( Rat embryonic fibroblast ). The cancer andamp; normal cells were treated with different concentrations of protease enzyme ranging from ( 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4,0.8andamp; 0.16 mg/ml) then incubated for additional 48h at 37C 0 andamp; the results showed highest toxicity ( 80.28%) of protease enzyme on RD , moderate cytotoxicity (45.52%) on Hep andamp;slight toxicity ( 37.12% )on normal cell line (Ref) in a concentration (0.8mg/ml).
Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation Purpose in Mansa District(Punjab, India) through GIS Approach
Authors: KUNDU DEBJANI , SOOD ANIL
Published: August 2019

Use of geostatistical approaches for water quality mapping is a smart and timely approach to assess the quality of groundwater and evaluate its suitability for irrigation purpose. Present study was undertaken to map the spatial distribution of different water quality parameters and generate water quality map for Mansa district using geo-statistical interpolator (Kriging). Geo-referenced groundwater samples were collected and analysed for different quality parameters i.e. pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Carbonate and Bicarbonate (CO 3 2- , HCO 3 - ), Chloride (Cl - ), Total Hardness (Ca 2+ +Mg 2+ ) and Sodium (Na + ) content; and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) was calculated. Salinity and alkalinity hazards were evaluated using national and international standards and the overall, water quality was assessed to judge its suitability for irrigation purpose. Quality of groundwater for irrigation was found to be marginal in major part of district Mansa covering an area of 200156.7 ha (92.3% of its Total Geographical Area) which can be used for irrigation purpose only after some amelioration. Extreme salinity (ECandgt;4 dSm -1 ) and alkalinity (RSCandgt; 5 meq l -1 ) hazards were prevalent only in small patches in Sardulgarh and Budhlada blocks covering 26.7 and 2.9% of TGA of the respective blocks. Mixing of canal water with groundwater, use of suitable amendments, like gypsum, selection of appropriate crops and cropping systems should be in regular practice for improving the water quality in one hand and preventing further deterioration in other.