bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Association between Parental Religiosity, Stressful Life Events, and Problem Behavior in Pre-Adolescents and Adolescents
Authors: Van Der Jagt-Jelsma Willeke , De Vries-Schot Margreet R. , Klip Helen , Van Deurzen Patricia A.M. , Buitelaar Jan K.
Published: December 2019

Objective: To investigate whether religiosity influences exposure to stressful life events (SLEs) and whether religiosity moderates the effects of SLEs, resulting in fewer problem behaviors. Method: The self-reported mental health problems of a community-based longitudinal sample of pre-adolescents (n = 2230) in the three northern provinces of the Netherlands were assessed in early adolescence (12-15 years, Youth Self-Report, YSR) and in adolescence (18-21 years, Adult Self Report ASR). The sum scores for SLEs in early adolescence were based on the previous two years. The variable parental religiosity was based on information obtained in pre-adolescence (10-12 years). Associations between religiosity and SLEs and whether parental religiosity is a moderator between SLEs and problem behaviors were studied, using repeated measures ANOVAs. Results: Having actively religious parents was associated with fewer SLEs. Parental religiosity did not moderate the association between SLEs and problem behavior. Conclusions: The children of actively religious parents experienced fewer SLEs in pre-adolescence than did the children of non-religious parents or the children of parents with incompatible religious beliefs, but parental religiosity did not moderate the effects of SLEs on problem behaviors. Reasons for the absence of a religious coping effect are discussed.
The Impact of Ethical and Legal Decision-Making in Neonatal Intensive Care on Psychosocial Wellbeing of the Health Care Professionals : The Overview of the HUNIC Project Study Design
Authors: Feith Helga Judit , Soósné Kiss Zsuzsanna , Pilling János , Kovács Aranka , Szabó Miklós , Cuttini Marina , Berbik István , Gézsi András , Gradvohl Edina
Published: December 2019

The paper introduces the multidisciplinary HUNIC project, which is partly based on the EURONIC study. The objective of the HUNIC study is to assess the attitude and opinion of healthcare providers in Hungarian NICUs about end-of-life decisions, the decision-making process, parental communication, to analyse the differences between HUNIC results in 2015-2016 and EURONIC results in 1996-1997, to compare the attitudes of neonatologists and neonatal nurses, and to identify factors that might affect those attitudes and opinions. A further important objective of the HUNIC study is to compare these attitudes and opinions of neonatal care providers with their personal work experience, educational background in the bioethics field, social support, work and life satisfaction, burnout, health behaviour and psychosocial health. This paper aims to present the methodology of an extensive, complex, and multidisciplinary survey (HUNIC) within the framework of the EURONIC.
Grau de deterioração socioeconômico e ambiental como ferramenta para gestão territorial em uma microbacia hidrográfica
Authors: Alves João Batista , Figueroa Luan Silva , Lima Joedla Rodrigues
Published: December 2019

Pela legislação brasileira, a bacia hidrográfica é a unidade territorial para implementação da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos. Nesse sentido, a gestão dos recursos hídricos, de valor inestimável à sociedade, deve ser feita utilizando práticas que mantenham o equilíbrio ambiental e o manejo adequado do uso das terras nas bacias hidrográficas, sendo essenciais para a manutenção dos recursos naturais e da sociedade em geral. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar unidades deteriorantes na microbacia hidrográfica do rio da Cruz, mesorregião do sertão do Estado da Paraíba, semiárido brasileiro. Na metodologia utilizada, procedeu-se à delimitação da microbacia hidrográfica usando geotecnologias e posterior visita às propriedades rurais dos municípios nos quais a microbacia está circunscrita, bem como observações in loco e aplicação de questionários de diagnósticos socioeconômico e ambiental. Os resultados obtidos mostram os graus de deterioração dos respectivos diagnósticos, que foram de 53,46% e 23,8%. O grau de deterioração socioeconômico é preocupante, tendo em vista a suscetibilidade da região às variáveis climáticas e condições edáficas regionais, o que implica diretamente a condição social e qualidade de vida das populações locais. Por outro lado, a deterioração ambiental apresentou um valor moderadamente baixo, e o desafio futuro será a implementação de práticas agrícolas, de pecuária e/ou florestais que venham a contribuir para melhoria das condições socioeconômicas, sem o aumento do indicador de deterioração ambiental.
A paisagem na viagem ao interior do Brasil de Johann Emanuel Pohl
Authors: Ribeiro Reuvia de Oliveira , Morais Fernando de
Published: December 2019

O Brasil no século XIX foi destino de vários expedicionários chamados de naturalistas. Por interesse no conhecimento ou em busca de novidades para a sociedade europeia, tais homens adentraram o Brasil e deixaram registros valiosos do período. O estudo tem por objetivo buscar as concepções de paisagem e em especial a paisagem do Tocantins em tal período descrita no diário de Johann Emanuel Pohl, posteriormente publicado em forma de livro. A partir da seleção metodológica com palavras-chave e frases, foi possível identificar traços e referências significativas a conceitos e formulações sobre a paisagem que seriam desenvolvidos nos séculos posteriores. Constatou-se uma visão plural da paisagem marcada pela formação cultural e científica do viajante que estabelece comparações e diferenças com o seu local de origem. Os escritos permitem identificar paralelos com as concepções de paisagem desenvolvidas por Alexander Von Humboldt, Siegfried Passarge, Richard Hartshorne, Carl Troll e Georges Bertrand. A pesquisa explora além da literatura de viagem do século XIX, as bases de formação do pensamento geográfico e contribui para o crescimento dos estudos sobre paisagem mediante o estudo dos escritos históricos acerca de viagens. Este estudo pode ser de grande contribuição para as ciências ambientais ao ter como objetos de estudos a paisagem e a descrição regional.
Interações agonísticas e desempenho zootécnico no cultivo de Macrobrachium rosenbergii em Tanques-Rede
Authors: Santos Daniele Bezerra dos , Medeiros Priscila Maria Oliveira Campos , Santana Vinicius Gabriel da Silva , Pontes Cibele Soares
Published: December 2019

Para identificar as lesões das interações agonísticas e avaliar o desempenho zootécnico do camarão Macrobrobrachium rosenbergii juvenis (5,39 ±2,13 g) em diferentes densidades, os mesmos foram submetidos ao cultivo em tanques rede, alimentados com ração (35% de proteína bruta) às 7:00 e às 14:00 h, com 10% de sua biomassa, durante 70 dias. Foram aplicados 5 tratamentos, com 5 repetições cada: D5 - 5 animais/m2; D10 - 10 animais/m2; D15 - 15 animais/m2; D20 - 20 animais/m2 e D25 - 25 animais/m2. Para isso, 25 tanques rede foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 2 viveiros de alvenaria. Para determinar os parâmetros zootécnicos, biometrias foram realizadas a cada 10 dias. A sobra na bandeja foi retirada após 2h de permanência para calcularmos o consumo. No final do experimento as lesões foram verificadas e quantificadas. Os resultados foram analisados através do programa STATISTIC 7.0 (2004). As densidades D5 e D10 apresentaram maior peso médio final, ganho de peso, taxa de crescimento específico, eficiência alimentar, sobrevivência, consumo diário, consumo diário pela manhã e consumo diário à tarde. A quantidade de lesões aumentou com o aumento da densidade de estocagem. A densidade de 10 camarões/m² apresentou as melhores condições para obter um melhor desempenho em tanque rede.
Samuel Beckett lecteur de L'Etranger
Authors: Gouvard Jean-Michel
Published: December 2019

Dans sa première partie, cet article reprend les méthodes propres à l'histoire littéraire afin d'établir, sur la base de données factuelles, que Samuel Beckett avait lu et appréciait L'Etranger d'Albert Camus. Mais, comme l'expose une
seconde partie, cet intérêt qu'il porte au roman se traduit également dans l'écriture même de plusieurs scènes de Molloy, le premier roman de la trilogie que Samuel Beckett commence à rédiger en 1947, et qui l'occupera jusqu'en 1949.
En menant en parallèle l'étude textuelle de certains passages de Molloy et de trois extraits de L'Etranger, l'incipit, la scène du meurtre, et le premier entretien avec le juge d'instruction, nous montrerons que l'oeuvre de Beckett comporte des choix lexicaux
et syntaxiques ainsi que certains motifs qui lui ont été directement inspirés par le roman de Camus. Au fur et à mesure que se précisera la nature et la forme du dialogue entre les deux oeuvres, il apparaîtra que si celui s'est instauré, c'est
parce que Beckett voyait dans L'Etranger un roman qui recoupait en partie ses propres choix esthétiques de l'immédiate après-guerre.
Empathy for Post-Abortion Grief in Louise Lambrichs's Journal d'Hannah (1993)
Authors: Runde Holly
Published: December 2019

If abortion as a reproductive experience continues to retain a certain 'unspeakability' that keeps it on the margins of culture, the expression of grief or mourning in its wake remains even more inexpressible; to voluntarily terminate a pregnancy, no matter how fraught the circumstances,
would seem to require the forfeiture of a right to acknowledge any resulting psychic loss. In her 1993 novel Journal d'Hannah, Louise Lambrichs gives us the 'diary' of a woman whose late-term abortion during WWII results in sterility. In mourning, Hannah creates an interior dream world
in her diary in which her aborted daughter grows up in real time, as she remains unable to vocalize the pain of her loss to the exterior world. In this article, I explore the novel's capacity to push our understanding of what kinds of 'parental' mourning are acceptable and representable, and
the ways in which the narrative confronts the lack of a broader cultural language with which to address this specific kind of grief.
 This article grounds its examination of Hannah's interiorized grief in theoretical notions of the unspeakability of trauma and feminist definitions
of bodily integrity in the imaginary domain. I situate Lambrichs's work not as an anti-feminist indictment of abortion, as some have understood it, but as a challenge to open up a discursive space that enables an empathetic understanding of the diverse ways in which women deal with the voluntary
termination of a pregnancy. Drawing on Barbara Johnson's (1986) exploration of the poetics of loss and abortion, I argue that the vocalization of post-abortion mourning need not result in the conclusion that taking 'the woman's feelings of guilt and loss into consideration... is to deny the
right to choose the act that produced them' (33). The novel does not 'resolve' the tension of the confusing liminal space between life and death that abortion creates, but rather works to confront this liminality head on in a way that serves to question the limits of the ethics of parental
mourning.
'On ne sait pas grand-chose de nos enfants': Grief and Mourning in Guillaume Nicloux's Valley of Love (2015)
Authors: McCann Ben
Published: December 2019

In Guillaume Nicloux's 2015 film Valley of Love, two famous actors who used to be a couple, played by Isabelle Huppert and Gérard Depardieu, reunite after their son's recent suicide. They have received a posthumous letter from him, asking them to visit five places at Death
Valley in California, after which, on a certain day, he will 'appear' to them. Valley of Love offers both a realist representation of two grieving parents and an incursion into the supernatural (has the son 'come back'? how will he 'appear' to his parents?).
 Valley of
Love borrows from Colin Parkes's phase theory (1972, 1983) of how the bereaved return to feelings of safety and security as they resolve their grief. Parkes argues that the bereaved must progress through four overlapping phases of grief. In the first phase, individuals have difficulty
grasping that the death has occurred. In the second phase, they seek out the deceased, trying to bring them back into close proximity to relieve their feelings of separation anxiety. In the third phase, the individual becomes confused, has trouble focusing, and becomes dejected. It is in the
fourth phase that the individual realises that life can continue without the deceased and begins to rebuild life without them.
 This article will survey how grief and mourning are articulated and resolved in Valley of Love through close readings of the film and Parkes's writing
on bereavement, grief and the phases of mourning. We shall also explore the film's various visual and aural manifestations of grief, and demonstrate how the Death Valley setting becomes an ideal site for the expression of mourning as the parents negotiate the pain and grief surrounding their
child's death.
After the End: The Death of a Child in Marie Darrieussecq's Tom est mort and Hèléne Cixous's Le Jour où je n' étais pas là
Authors: Robson Kathryn
Published: December 2019

The death of a child is typically seen as incommensurate, a limit-experience defying articulation and comprehension. In her most recent book, Literature in the Ashes of History (2013), the literary critic and trauma theorist Cathy Caruth theorizes a history that inscribes itself
in and through its own (self-conscious, and traumatic) self-effacement; what is striking is that her attempt to theorize and initiate what she calls 'a new kind of language', produced 'After the End' (as she titles the second part of the book), must thus be understood not only in relation
to the post-Holocaust world, but also in the context of the more personal, individual trauma of the loss of a child. This article seeks to explore Caruth's notion of a different kind of language through analysis of two French fictional representations of the death of a child published in this
century: Marie Darrieussecq's novel Tom est mort, and Hèléne Cixous's autofictional novel, Le Jour où je n'étais pas là (2000). I read these texts (which both explicitly locate writing 'after the end') alongside Caruth's Literature in the Ashes of
History to contemplate what it might mean to write 'after the end'. Tom est mort, I argue, experiments with linguistic form, self-consciously stammering — in a manner curiously similar to Caruth's — in its attempt to express the impact of the death of a child on the mother (and
on her language). Cixous's text, by contrast, gives voice to the mother's impossible mourning through figures of absence and lack. The 'new language' announced by Caruth is in these texts not a new language in itself, rather a language that is articulated in and through its own erasure, disintegration
and absence, that 'undoes' its subject even as it gives voice to it, and locates itself after an end that cannot be defined.
Cadmium Sorption by Moringa oleifera Lam.
Authors: Santana P. M. A. , Messias A. S.
Published: December 2019

Inadequate disposition of industrial waste containing potentially toxic metals in water sources represents a major problem, concerning not only the biota but also to humans. The goal of this paper was to assess the adsorptive capacity of ground Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds as an alternate material to remove the cadmium ion of Capibaribe river waters in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, which were adjusted by a CCD experimental design. Measurements of pH and cadmium levels were performed before and after the experimental treatments in compliance with the official methodology. Obtained data from the treatments were statistically analyzed by Statistic program – version 10, using Box Plots technique. Graphics were employed to locate and assess the oscillations of a variable from different data groups. The results pointed the best efficacy of the alternate method employing moringa in removing cadmium in water treatments were: slightly alkaline pH (7.11); contact time between water and moringa of six hours; 01 grams of moringa per water litre. In these conditions there was a reduction in cadmium concentration of 70.28%, proving this alternate methodology not only to be cheap but also easily employed and contributes to diminishing the severe impacts on human health and environment that this metal could cause.
DUS Characterisation of Advanced Recombinant Lines of Kalanamak Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Using Morphological Descriptors and Quality Parameters
Authors: . Banshidhar , Jaiswal Priyanka , Singh Mithilesh Kumar , Deo Indra
Published: December 2019

The present investigation was undertaken with the objective of DUS characterisation of advanced recombinant lines of Kalanamak rice for 47 visually assessed characters and 15 quantitative characters. Trials were conducted for two seasons during Kharif 2016 and 2017 at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre (NEBCRC), G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology (GBPUAT), Pantnagar, Uttarakhand in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replications with the spacing of 20 cm × 15 cm and the recommended cultural practices were followed. For this data were recorded for sixty-two DUS descriptors following the guidelines of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) and the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmer’s Rights Authority (PPV & FRA). In the present study, 27 visually assessed characteristics are found to be monomorphic, 18 are dimorphic and 2 are polymorphic. KARL10 with higher yield, intermediate amylose content, early 50% flowering and early maturity is reported to be best genotypes in respect of desired characteristics and could be used as a potential source for deriving improved lines through selection.
Screening of Chickpea Genotypes for Resistance against Fusarium Wilt
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Sahni Sangita , Kumar Birendra
Published: December 2019

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the world’s major legume crops and suffers substantial damage from wilt disease incited by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (Padwick) with yield loss over 60 per cent. The screening for new resistance chickpea genotypes against this disease is an alternative approach to avoid indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides. In this study 55 chickpea genotypes were screened against Fusarium wilt. Out of 55 chickpea genotypes studied, only one genotype was found to be resistant and 12 were found to be moderately resistance. Nineteen genotypes showed moderately susceptible. However, nineteen and four genotypes showed susceptible and highly susceptible reaction for wilt disease, respectively.
In vitro Antiproliferative Potential of Celtis iguanaea against Ovarian (OVCAR-3) and Colon (HT-29) Tumor Cell
Authors: Zanchet Barbara , Miorando Daniela , Gomes Denise Bianchin , Locateli Gelvani , Vecchia Cristian Alex Dalla , Serpa Patrícia Zanotelli , Ruiz Ana Lúcia Tasca Góis , Wagner Theodoro Marcel , Junior Walter Antônio Roman
Published: December 2019

Natural products have been reported as a main source of anticancer molecules. The species Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sarg., (Cannabaceae) is widely distributed in Brazil where it is known as “esporão-de-galo or taleira”. The leaves are popularly used as anti-inflammatory, in the treatment of body pain and urinary infections. However, the antiproliferative potential against human cancer cells remain to be elucidated. In this study, extracts and different fractions from the leaves of C. iguanaea were tested in vitro, against a panel tumor cell lines. The hydroalcoholic extract was inactive, while dichloromethane extract showed promisor antiproliferative effects. In turn, the dichloromethane fraction showed potent cytostatic activity against ovarian cell line (OVCAR-3, GI50 = 4.65 mg/ml). However, the stronger antiproliferative effects with high selectivity were observed for the hexane fraction that exhibited activity against ovarian (GI50 = 3.99 mg/ml) and colon (HT-29, GI50 = 3.16 mg/ml). The antiproliferative effects observed are probably related to the presence of 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol and gamma-sitosterol present in the hexane fraction and detected by GC/MS. This is the first report of antiproliferative activity of C. iguanaea and the results suggested that the molecules of fraction hexane are promising chemotherapeutic compounds, especially against tumor cell of ovarian and colon.
Nephrotoxicological Effect of Water Soluble Fraction of Bonny Light Crude Oil in Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Nicholas Abraham, Chiedozie , Godwin J. Udom, , Kingsley C. Patrick-Iwuanyanwu,
Published: December 2019

This study evaluated the Nephrotoxic effect of water soluble fraction (WSF) of Bonny Light Crude Oil (BLCO). After preparation of the WSF and a range finding test, the Wistar albino rats were administered three concentrations (25%, 50% and 100%) of WSF of BLCO for 30 and 60days. Data from the study showed that Urea concentration increased significantly (p≤0.05) with increasing dose of BLCO ranging from 14.71 mg/dl in the control to 35.28 mg/dl in the 100% group after 30days and 14.28 mg/dl in the control to 41.08mg/dl in the 100% group after 60days, Creatinine concentration increased significantly (p≤0.05) from 0.22 mg/dl in the control to 0.82mg/dl in the 100% group after 60 days administration while electrolyte (Na, K, Cl) concentration increased significantly (p≤0.05) with increasing dose of BLCO after 60days administration. Histopathological examination of the kidney was characterized by partial partitioning of the glomerular tufts, obliteration of the Bowman’s capsule and distortion of the renal tubules. The findings in this research suggest that WSF of BLCO induced nephrotoxicity.
Impact of Exclosure on Species Diversity, Population Structure and Regeneration Status of Woody Plants in Lowland Northern Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Nuru
Published: December 2019

Aim: This study was conducted to assessing woody plant composition, population structure and regeneration status in lowland exclosure (EX) of Northern Ethiopia.

Study Design: Investigation of parameters was undertaken from 71 plots with size of 20 m x 10 m laid systematically along transect lines for vegetation data. These 200 m2 plots were used for assessment of trees with DBH >5 cm. Small quadrats of 4 m*4 m (16 m2) nested within the bigger plots was laid at the four corners and center of each plots. These were used for measuring seedling and sapling individuals. To analyze species diversity, population structure and regeneration status of woody plants were by computing abundance, density, basal area, Importance value index (IVI) and using Shannon-Weiner diversity and evenness indices.

Results: According to vegetation survey result, a total of 23, 17 and 26 woody species were recorded, at Kara, Erba and Shektekli exclosures (EXs), respectively. While 8, 7 and 5 species of woody plant were in open grazing land (OGL). The total mean densities of all woody plants were found to be 1530, 1480 and 2999 individual’s ha-1 at Kara, Erba and Shektekli in EXs.

Conclusion: The study suggested that the regional government have to considering EXs as useful for restoration or rehabitation strategy in the region, the vegetation in all the EXs in the study sites have a higher species composition, diversity, density, increment of basal area and regeneration woody plants than OGL, as a result of management differences in EXs. However, there are also variation on species composition, diversity, density increment of basal area and regeneration woody plants among exclosures having similar age and altitude for instance the species recorded in Erba site is lower than with other of EXs, This could be due to among local site characteristic variation and high grazing happen before Ex establishment exists. Therefore, we need to apply soil and water conservation, enrichment planting with indigenous tree species and strengthen local management institution in effectively protect the exclosure.
Further Scalable Test Functions for Multidimensional Continuous Optimization
Authors: Anescu George
Published: December 2019

Multidimensional scalable test functions are very important in testing the capabilities of new optimization methods, especially in evaluating their response to the increase of the search space dimension. As a continuation of a previous published paper, new sets of test functions for continuous optimization are proposed, both unconstrained (or only box constrained, 7 new test functions) and constrained (10 new test functions).
Emerging Role of Zinc Transporter-8 Autoantibodies (ZnT8A) in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus- A Review
Authors: Bhatty Afreen , Baig Saeeda , . Zil-e-Rubab , Shahid Moazzam Ali
Published: December 2019

Zinc, an important micronutrient for the storage, structural stabilization, secretion and action of insulin, is present in highest concentration in pancreas. The transport of zinc occurs through the zinc transporter-8 (ZnT8) to the insulin secretory vesicles. Zinc Transporter-8 Autoantibodies (ZnT8A) has been found to be associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Recently it is recognized as a new autoantigen in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and its autoantibodies have been found in 50-60% of individuals with T1DM. Moreover, ZnT8A exhibit humoral auto reactivity which is not displayed by any of the other islet autoantigen like glutamine decarboxylase (GAD), insulin or tyrosine phosphate-related molecules (IA-2). Immunity against ZnT8 is dependent on clinical characteristics, which may provide evidence for early recognition highlighting the importance of this transporter in the pathogenesis of T1DM.

Information regarding this article was retrieved through PubMed, Google Scholar and other search engines available in the University by using the keywords zinc, ZnT, ZnT8, SLC30A8 (Solute carrier 30 member 8) and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Information was gathered through original researches, reviews and epidemiological studies published up to August 2019.The aim of this review is to summarize the emerging role of ZnT8A in diagnosis and understanding the genetic basis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
The Working Principle of a Turbine “Case Study: GE Frame 9E Gas Turbine”
Authors: Emmanuel Obolo Olupitan
Published: December 2019

Gas Turbine is one of the machines that use the thermodynamic principle converting fuel energy to mechanical energy. It is an internal combustion engine. Also, designed to accelerate a stream of gas, which is used to produce a reactive thrust to propel an object or to produce mechanical power that turns a load. It functions in the same way as the internal combustion engine. It sucks in air from the atmosphere, and compress it. The fuel (gas) is injected and ignited (spark plug). The gases expand doing work and finally exhausts outside. Instead of reciprocating motion, the gas turbine uses a rotary motion throughout, and that is the only difference.
Lp(a) Reduction, GLP-1s for Heart Failure, and More—Highlights From the AHA Scientific Sessions
Authors: Abbasi Jennifer
Published: December 2024

This Medical News article is an interview with cardiologist Amit Khera, MD, chair of the American Heart Association’s recent flagship meeting.
The Next Step in Hospital-at-Home Care Could Be Virtual
Authors: Orrall Avery
Published: December 2024

This Medical News article discusses a virtual home-based acute care model at LA General called Safer@Home.
Reimagining Luck
Authors: Friedman Danielle Novetsky
Published: December 2024

In this narrative medicine essay, a physician specializing in cancer survivorship calls for equitable cancer detection and prevention for all after developing breast cancer 5 years after genetic testing had indicated she had a variant of uncertain significance.
Changes in Adult Obesity Trends in the US
Authors: Rader Benjamin , Hazan Rebecca , Brownstein John S.
Published: December 2024

This cross-sectional study examines US trends in adult obesity prevalence from 2013 to 2023.
Resuscitation With Placental Circulation Intact Compared With Cord Milking
Authors: Pratesi Simone , Ciarcià Martina , Boni Luca , Ghirardello Stefano , Germini Cristiana , Troiani Stefania , Tulli Eleonora , Natile Miria , Ancora Gina , Barone Giovanni , Vedovato Stefania , Bertuola Federica , Parata Francesca , Mescoli Giovanna , Sandri Fabrizio , Corbetta Roberta , Ventura Luisa , Dognini Giulia , Petrillo Flavia , Valenzano Luigia , Manzari Raffaele , Lavizzari Anna , Mosca Fabio , Corsini Iuri , Poggi Chiara , Dani Carlo ,   PCI Trial Collaborators, Perugi Silvia , Leonardi Valentina , Coviello Caterina , Roncati Daniele , Elia Serena , Cecchi Alessandra , Capocasale Marta , Franco Caterina , Gottardi Genny , Grison Alessandra , Dal Cengio Valentina , Vanzo Valentina
Published: December 2024

Importance

Among preterm newborns undergoing resuscitation, delayed cord clamping for 60 seconds is associated with reduced mortality compared with early clamping. However, the effects of longer durations of cord clamping with respiratory support are unknown.

Objective

To determine whether resuscitating preterm newborns while keeping the placental circulation intact and clamping the cord after a long delay would improve outcomes compared with umbilical cord milking.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This randomized clinical trial (PCI Trial) was conducted at 8 Italian neonatal intensive care units from April 2016 through February 2023 and enrolled preterm newborns born between 23 weeks 0 days and 29 weeks 6 days of gestation from singleton pregnancies.

Interventions

Enrolled newborns were randomly allocated to receive at-birth resuscitation with intact placental circulation for 180 seconds or umbilical cord milking followed by an early cord clamping (within 20 seconds of life).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the composite end point of death, grade 3 to 4 intraventricular hemorrhage, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks of postconception age. Prespecified secondary end points were the single components of the composite primary outcome. An intention-to-treat analysis was conducted.

Results

Of 212 mother-newborn dyads who were randomized, 209 (median [IQR] gestational age, 27 [26-28] weeks; median [IQR] birth weight, 900 [700-1070] g) were enrolled in the intention-to-treat population; 105 were randomized to the placental circulation intact group, and 104 were randomized to the cord milking group. The composite outcome of death, grade 3 to 4 intraventricular hemorrhage, or bronchopulmonary dysplasia occurred in 35 of 105 newborns (33%) in the placental circulation intact group vs 39 of 104 newborns (38%) in the cord milking group (odds ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.47-1.47; P = .53).

Conclusions and Relevance

In a randomized clinical trial of preterm newborns at 23 to 29 weeks’ gestational age, intact placental resuscitation for 3 minutes did not lower the composite outcome of death, grade 3 to 4 intraventricular hemorrhage, or bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with umbilical cord milking.

Trial Registration

Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02671305
Guided Electromagnetic Waves
Authors: Joines William T.
Published: December 2024

Maxwell's fundamental equations and the resulting wave equation for propagation are reviewed. Closed‐form solutions for transverse‐electromagnetic (TEM), transverse‐magnetic (TM), and transverse‐electric (TE) waves in guided‐wave structures are obtained from Maxwell's equations. Propagation parameters (intrinsic wave impedance, attenuation and phase change per‐unit‐length, frequency ranges of use), broad‐banding techniques, and design examples are presented. Dielectric waveguides for applications at microwave and optical frequencies are also presented with design examples and diagrams for better understanding.
Neuromuscular transmission deficits in patients with CMT and ClC‐1 inhibition in CMT animal models
Authors: Grønnebæk Thomas Skjærlund , Haahr‐Lillevang Helga , Skov Martin , Kelly Kristina , Kerr Nathan R. , Viteri Jose A. , Jaworek Andrea , Bartlett Amy , Bold Jane , Hutchison John , Quiroz Jorge , Tankisi Hatice , Pedersen Thomas Holm , Andersen Henning , Arnold William David
Published: December 2024

Objective

Charcot–Marie Tooth (CMT) is a hereditary neuropathy characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue with no approved therapies. Preclinical studies implicate neuromuscular junction (NMJ) transmission deficits in muscle dysfunction in CMT. This study aimed to evaluate NMJ function in patients with CMT types 1 and 2, and to determine whether enhancing NMJ transmission can improve muscle function in preclinical CMT models.

Methods

First, an observational study involving single fiber electromyography (SFEMG) and clinical testing in patients with CMT 1 and 2 and healthy controls (HC) was conducted. Next, preclinical studies examined muscle function, specifically nerve‐stimulated muscle force after partially inhibiting ClC‐1 chloride channels with the novel small molecule NMD670.

Results

Twenty‐one CMT patients (46.4 ± 14.4 years) and 10 HC (43.3 ± 12.7 years) were enrolled. SFEMG jitter (NMJ variability) was higher [median (range)] in the CMT patients [56 μs (35; 197 μs)] vs. HC [29 μs (19; 36 μs)], (p < 0.05). Blocking (NMJ failure) was higher in the CMT patients (13.4% (0.0; 90.9%)) vs. HC (0.0% (0.0; 4.5%)), (p < 0.05). In CMT, jitter and blocking correlated inversely with muscle strength, mobility, balance, and endurance. In CMT 1A and 2D mice, NMD670 increased both peak force and contractile endurance in vivo.

Interpretation

Our study suggests that NMJ dysfunction contributes to muscle dysfunction in patients with CMT 1 and 2. Furthermore, our preclinical data provide proof‐of‐mechanism for recovery of muscle function with ClC‐1 inhibition in CMT mouse models. Collectively, these findings suggest that targeting NMJ dysfunction with ClC‐1 inhibitors could enhance muscle function in CMT patients, warranting further clinical trials.
Non‐Chemical Route to PGM‐Free via N+ Ion Implantation in Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Ficca Valerio C.A. , Sbroscia Marco , Stellino Elena , Rago Ilaria , Goto Francesco , Majumdar Isheta , Cavoto Gianluca , Pandolfi Francesco , Calloni Alberto , Lucotti Andrea , Bussetti Gianlorenzo , Placidi Ernesto
Published: December 2024

The continuous research on electrocatalytic nanomaterials for critical raw materials replacement has returned the important class of Platinum‐group‐metal‐free electrocatalysts (PGM‐free), based on C, N, and non‐noble transition metals. PGM‐free are employed in Fuel Cells, Zinc‐Air batteries, and Electrolyzers to catalyze important energy‐related reactions. They are usually synthesized following a chemical route based on mixing, pyrolyzing, and postprocessing of specific N‐ and transition metal‐containing compounds into conductive C structures, leading to a high content of byproducts. Herein, for the first time, a new approach for PGM‐free synthesis is investigated, based on nitrogen implantation via ion beam produced with a Kaufman apparatus, and iron evaporation inside a clean chamber. The performed investigation, based on a model sp2 carbonaceous material (vertically aligned carbon nanotubes), showed similarities to the chemical route in terms of surface functionalization with the possibility to maximize the pyridinic N content, paving the way for the first time to the synthesis of nitrogen‐compound‐free nanoelectrocatalysts.
Toward High‐Performance Photodetectors Based on Quasi‐2D Ruddlesden‐Popper Mixed‐n Perovskite Nanomaterials
Authors: Malani S Brindhu , Klein Eugen , Lesyuk Rostyslav , Klinke Christian
Published: December 2024

The excellent optoelectronic properties, straightforward synthesis, and robust material stability of quasi‐2D metal halide perovskites have made them a hot research topic for optoelectronic devices. In layered organic–inorganic perovskites, the optoelectronic properties are greatly influenced by morphology and quantum confinement, which are crucial for their photodetection performance and offer an excellent tunability tool. Here the optoelectronic properties and photodetection performance of quasi‐2D methylammonium lead bromide perovskites with three different morphologies nanoplatelets, nanosheets, and nanostripes produced by colloidal hot injection technique are investigated. The structural and optical characterization reveals the mixed‐n phases with varying extents of confinement. The study shows that nanostripes with the weak confinement effect exhibit superior photodetection performance. They demonstrate the highest photoresponsivity (R), external quantum efficiency (EQE), and detectivity (D) of 183 mA W−1, 56% and 2.9 × 1011 Jones respectively. They also show the highest on/off ratio and fastest photoresponse (rise time (τr) = 3.4 and fall time (τf) = 4.3 ms) in comparison to nanoplatelets and nanosheets. The study will aid in realizing an inexpensive high‐performance photodetector based on nanoparticles of quasi‐2D perovskites.
Lock FA/MA Cations by Constructing Multiple Hydrogen Bonds for Efficient and Stable 2D/3D Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Chao , Zheng Haiying , Dong Xinhe , Chen Feifan , Wu Chaoyang , Liu Guozhen , Pan Xu
Published: December 2024

The inevitable ion migration in organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites can trigger their own chemical reactions and photolysis, posing significant challenges to the operational stability of perovskite solar cells. This is particularly evident in the case of organic cations that become separated from the perovskite lattice, making them more susceptible to deprotonation and leading to material degradation. Herein, the issue of organic cations migration is aimed to address by constructing multiple hydrogen bonds in the L‐arginine (L‐Arg) 2D/3D perovskite. Theoretical calculations reveal that the introduction of L‐Arg dramatically increases the energy barrier for FA+/MA+ at each migration step, effectively immobilizing FA+/MA+. Immersion experiments using isopropyl alcohol (IPA) further confirm that L‐Arg plays a convincing role in hindering the migration of FA+/MA+ within the perovskite, as observed from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. Additionally, due to the strong interaction between L‐Arg and the perovskite, L‐Arg acts as a nucleation center, slowing down the growth rate of perovskite crystals and promoting the formation of high‐quality perovskite films. Finally, L‐Arg‐based devices achieve an impressive efficiency of 24.62% with reduced hysteresis, as well as exceptional stability in humidity and heat aging tests, attributing to the inhibited ion migration and the low‐defect, high‐quality 2D/3D perovskite film.
High‐Pressure Synthesis of oP28‐C3N4 Recoverable to Ambient Conditions
Authors: Laniel Dominique , Trybel Florian , Zhou Wenju , Aslandukov Andrey , Spender James , Tasnádi Ferenc , Fedotenko Timofey , Ranieri Umbertoluca , Liang Akun , Aslandukova Alena , Akbar Fariia I. , Yin Yuqing , Chariton Stella , Pakhomova Anna , Garbarino Gaston , Mezouar Mohamed , Hanfland Michael , Prakapenka Vitali , Abrikosov Igor A. , Dubrovinsky Leonid , Dubrovinskaia Natalia
Published: December 2024

The thermodynamic parameter pressure is ideal for producing novel ultraincompressible and superhard materials as it promotes the formation of polymeric frameworks and higher atomic coordination. In this regard, carbon and nitrogen are particularly attractive elements as they can produce extended arrangements of strong covalent bonds. In this study, a previously unobserved C3N4 polymorph, denoted as oP28‐C3N4 (Pnnm, #58), is synthesized at pressures between 73 and 104 GPa in laser‐heated diamond anvil cells and found recoverable to ambient conditions and stable in air. The crystal structure of oP28‐C3N4, comprised of corner‐sharing CN4 tetrahedra, is solved and refined using synchrotron single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. With a bulk modulus of 334(3) GPa deduced from experimental data, the compound is highly incompressible. Based on macroscopic and microscopic calculations, its hardness may achieve 47.5 or 79.7 GPa, respectively, making it a superhard material. Incompressibility of CN4 tetrahedra in all experimentally observed C3N4 polymorphs is found to be greater than that of the CC4 and BN4 tetrahedra forming the structures of diamond and cubic boron nitride. Density functional theory calculations provide further insight into the electronic, vibrational, and mechanical properties of oP28‐C3N4, as well as their stability relative to other C─N phases.
Precisely Gradient S‐Doping to Optimize Oxysulfide Nanowires Active Centers for High‐Rate Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Yang Qingjun , Yin Xin , Fang Cuiqin , Liu Xinlong , Yang Yujue , Han Jing , Chen Yuejiao , Xu Bingang
Published: December 2024

Owing to high theoretical capacitance, nickel cobalt alkaline carbonate (NiCoAC) has attracted wide attention in electrochemical energy storage. However, the high surface ionic resistance and low bulk intrinsic activity result in NiCo‐AC being unable to exhibit fast electronic response frequency and charge storage. Herein, via precisely controlling gradient S‐doping, NiCo‐AC nanowire is in situ converted into core‐shell bimetallic oxysulfide (NiCo─O─S), with interior particularly presenting a granular due to the contraction of bulk structure, achieving the synergistic modification of surface and bulk. Specifically, owing to the lower band gap energy of metal sulfides, the derived shell optimizes OH− adsorption center from Ni to Ni─Co─Ni sites with higher binding energy, and the granular core facilitates further ion diffusion with enhanced charge accumulation. Hence, NiCo─O─S reflect higher redox activity than that of nickel‐cobalt sulfide (NiCo─S) and NiCo‐AC, with an ultrahigh capacitance of 3,298 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. The as‐fabricated supercapacitors display an outstanding energy density of 131 Wh kg−1 at 800 W kg−1 and present high capacitance retention of 98.5% and coulomb efficiency of 93.2％ under 12 000 charge‐discharge cycles. This study reflects a new insight into activating the intrinsic activity of nanomaterials to further develop high‐rate and stable electrodes.
Muscle‐Inspired Super‐Flexible Phase Change Materials with Programmable Deformation for Photothermal Actuation
Authors: Geng Xiaoye , Qin Mulin , Shen Zhenghui , Xiong Feng , Di Jiangtao , Yang Chengxu , Wang Yonggang , Gao Song , Gao Siyuan , Wang Qining , Zou Ruqiang
Published: December 2024

Phase change materials (PCMs) with remarkable latent heat storage/release capacity have demonstrated prominent advantages in energy conservation and efficient thermal management. Nevertheless, simultaneously achieving high thermal energy storage capacity, excellent toughness, and flexibility in PCMs is a significant challenge for programmable deformations when used in complex environmental scenarios. A flexible PCM is reported with programmable deformation constructed through a three‐dimensional (3D) dynamic cross‐linked network. This approach has culminated in the development of homogeneously cross‐linked and self‐supporting polyurethane‐based solid‐solid PCM with graphene enhancement, which exhibits exceptional properties of high latent heat storage/release capacity (∆Hm = 105.3 J g−1, ∆Hc = 105.0 J g−1), high toughness (ε = 1543%, σ = 19.2 MPa), excellent flexibility, and shape memory behavior (Rr = 90.3%). Notably, when subjected to photothermal stimulation, it can lift objects weighing more than 2620 times their weight, presenting a working density of 1330 kJ m−3. This flexible PCM, which simultaneously possesses a high latent capacity and photothermal‐driven performance, opens a new pathway for artificial muscles or soft robots with the requirements for energy conservation and thermal management in complex scenarios.
Pre‐Clinical Assessment of Bupivacaine‐Loaded Poly(ester urea) Thin Films for Controlled Drug Release and Effective Pain Management After Surgery
Authors: Stinson Natasha C. , Matsuoka Yutaka , Agarwal Anshu , Dziewior Courtney S. , McDonald Samantha M. , Li Yize , Godwin Kacey , Ji Ru‐Rong , Becker Matthew L.
Published: December 2024

Safe, effective pain management remains one of the biggest challenges following surgical procedures. Despite widespread recognition of this problem and advances in the mechanistic understanding of pain signaling, post‐surgical pain is often undermanaged, with opioid use remaining the clinical standard. As an alternative to current oral, systemic treatments, a degradable bupivacaine‐loaded poly(ester urea) (PEU) thin film has been developed to deliver bupivacaine directly to the site of injury over an extended duration. The dose and duration of bupivacaine delivery is controlled using polymer composition and bupivacaine concentration. Systemic bupivacaine concentrations are more than an order of magnitude lower when delivered locally versus intravenous injection. Tissue analysis showed that the majority of bupivacaine is deposited into subcutaneous tissue directly surrounding the implant. Bupivacaine concentration in soft tissue around the implant are 30‐fold higher than plasma values, indicating that release from PEU implants remains localized. Bupivacaine‐loaded PEU films are assessed into two established mouse models for diabetic neuropathic pain and post‐surgical incisional pain. In each model, bupivacaine eluting PEU films effectively block pain for 3–5 days before returning to baseline levels without loss of motor function and without signs of neurotoxicity.
Electroconductive Nanocellulose, a Versatile Hydrogel Platform: From Preparation to Biomedical Engineering Applications
Authors: Jeon Myoung Joon , Randhawa Aayushi , Kim Hojin , Dutta Sayan Deb , Ganguly Keya , Patil Tejal V. , Lee Jieun , Acharya Rumi , Park Hyeonseo , Seol Youjin , Lim Ki‐Taek
Published: December 2024

Nanocelluloses have garnered significant attention recently in the attempt to create sustainable, improved functional materials. Nanocellulose possesses wide varieties, including rod‐shaped crystalline cellulose nanocrystals and elongated cellulose nanofibers, also known as microfibrillated cellulose. In recent times, nanocellulose has sparked research into a wide range of biomedical applications, which vary from developing 3D printed hydrogel to preparing structures with tunable characteristics. Owing to its multifunctional properties, different categories of nanocellulose, such as cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibers, and bacterial nanocellulose, as well as their unique properties are discussed here. Here, different methods of nanocellulose‐based hydrogel preparation are covered, which include 3D printing and crosslinking methods. Subsequently, advanced nanocellulose‐hydrogels addressing conductivity, shape memory, adhesion, and structural color are highlighted. Finally, the application of nanocellulose‐based hydrogel in biomedical applications is explored here. In summary, numerous perspectives on novel approaches based on nanocellulose‐based research are presented here.
High‐Temperature Resistance Photoluminescence Carbonized Polymer Dots Through Equilibrium Bi‐Confinement Effects
Authors: Shen Yu , Luo Chengyang , Chen Cheng , Zhang Xinglong , Shi Minghao , Gu Zhida , Su Ruifa , Wang Yitong , Li Linpo , Wang Liangjun , Zhang Suoying , Huo Fengwei , Zhang Weina
Published: December 2024

Carbon dots are emerging luminescent nanomaterials that have drawn considerable attention due to their abundance, environmental friendliness, and customizable optical properties. However, their susceptibility to temperature‐induced vibrational exciton changes and the tendency to thermal quenching of emission have hindered their practical applications. Here, a method is reported for achieving high‐temperature photoluminescence carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) through a bi‐confinement approach that involves a highly cross‐linked polymer network and a rigid Al2O3 matrix. As the temperature increased from 303 to 500 K, the fluorescence and phosphorescence emission intensities of CPDs@Al2O3 remained virtually unchanged, with the emission duration exceeding 150 h at 500 K. Additionally, CPDs@Al2O3 composites with different degrees of carbonization exhibit dynamic excitation‐dependent photoluminescence properties, which can be patterned for multiple information encryption application. This work provides a concept for designing stable and luminous CPDs under harsh conditions, thus expanding their potential application range.