bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel ecological and climatic conditions drive rapid adaptation in invasive Florida Burmese pythons
Authors: Card Daren C. , Perry Blair W. , Adams Richard H. , Schield Drew R. , Young Acacia S. , Andrew Audra L. , Jezkova Tereza , Pasquesi Giulia I.M. , Hales Nicole R. , Walsh Matthew R. , Rochford Michael R. , Mazzotti Frank J. , Hart Kristen M. , Hunter Margaret E. , Castoe Todd A.
Published: September 2018

Invasive species provide powerful in situ experimental systems for studying evolution in response to selective pressures in novel habitats. While research has shown that phenotypic evolution can occur rapidly in nature, few examples exist of genomewide adaptation on short “ecological” timescales. Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) have become a successful and impactful invasive species in Florida over the last 30 years despite major freeze events that caused high python mortality. We sampled Florida Burmese pythons before and after a major freeze event in 2010 and found evidence for directional selection in genomic regions enriched for genes associated with thermosensation, behaviour and physiology. Several of these genes are linked to regenerative organ growth, an adaptive response that modulates organ size and function with feeding and fasting in pythons. Independent histological and functional genomic data sets provide additional layers of support for a contemporary shift in invasive Burmese python physiology. In the Florida population, a shift towards maintaining an active digestive system may be driven by the fitness benefits of maintaining higher metabolic rates and body temperature during freeze events. Our results suggest that a synergistic interaction between ecological and climatic selection pressures has driven adaptation in Florida Burmese pythons, demonstrating the often‐overlooked potential of rapid adaptation to influence the success of invasive species.
A research agenda for seed‐trait functional ecology
Authors: Saatkamp Arne , Cochrane Anne , Commander Lucy , Guja Lydia K.  , Jimenez‐Alfaro Borja , Larson Julie , Nicotra Adrienne  , Poschlod Peter , Silveira Fernando A. O. , Cross Adam T. , Dalziell Emma L. , Dickie John , Erickson Todd E. , Fidelis Alessandra , Fuchs Anne , Golos Peter J. , Hope Michael , Lewandrowski Wolfgang , Merritt David J. , Miller Ben P. , Miller Russell G.  , Offord Catherine A. , Ooi Mark K. J. , Satyanti Annisa  , Sommerville Karen D. , Tangney Ryan , Tomlinson Sean  , Turner Shane , Walck Jeffrey L.
Published: September 2018

Trait‐based approaches have improved our understanding of plant evolution, community assembly and ecosystem functioning. A major challenge for the upcoming decades is to understand the functions and evolution of early life‐history traits, across levels of organization and ecological strategies. Although a variety of seed traits are critical for dispersal, persistence, germination timing and seedling establishment, only seed mass has been considered systematically. Here we suggest broadening the range of morphological, physiological and biochemical seed traits to add new understanding on plant niches, population dynamics and community assembly. The diversity of seed traits and functions provides an important challenge that will require international collaboration in three areas of research. First, we present a conceptual framework for a seed ecological spectrum that builds upon current understanding of plant niches. We then lay the foundation for a seed‐trait functional network, the establishment of which will underpin and facilitate trait‐based inferences. Finally, we anticipate novel insights and challenges associated with incorporating diverse seed traits into predictive evolutionary ecology, community ecology and applied ecology. If the community invests in standardized seed‐trait collection and the implementation of rigorous databases, major strides can be made at this exciting frontier of functional ecology.
Analysis of the drivers of Ghana's energy demand change using the Laspeyres index method of decomposition: Q‐effect, I‐effect and S‐effect
Authors: Akrofi Benjamin , Ackah Ishmael , Sakyi Daniel
Published: October 2018

Since independence, Ghana has experienced four major power crises as a result of the low water level in the hydro dams to generate the required amount of power for the country as well as limited and expensive supply of crude oil and gas. These energy supply constraints make it imperative for the country to rely on demand‐side management policies to address the energy crisis of the country. However, demand‐side management policies that are applied in generic terms without knowing the exact cause are likely to fail. This study therefore decomposes the factors that influence energy consumption into activity effect, intensity effect and structural effect, so that policymakers will know which factor(s) and also the sectors of the economy that are responsible for the large increases in energy consumption. This way, policymakers will apply the appropriate demand‐side management policy to a particular factor(s) and the sectors causing the increase to get the desired results. The study finds that activity effect is the main driver of energy consumption in Ghana.
Influence of the Menstrual Cycle Phase on Pain Perception and Analgesic Requirements in Young Women Undergoing Gynecological Laparoscopy
Authors: Piroli Alba , Mattei Antonella , Carta Gaspare , D'Alfonso Angela , Palermo Patrizia , Marinangeli Franco , Alfonsi Benedetta , Testa Ambra , Pasquale Chiara , Varrassi Giustino , Paladini Antonella
Published: September 2018

Context

The influence of the gonadal hormones on some aspects of the human physiology has been studied with uncertain results. Still a confusion exists in relation to the real effects of the female hormones on the perception of pain. The existing data refer mainly to experimental studies and have provided results not always useful in the clinical practice.

Data source

This study was designed to detect whether there are differences in the perception of the postoperative pain in women, during two clearly defined phases of hormonal asset: luteal and follicular phases.

Conclusion

The results of this study have demonstrated that in postoperative female patients pain is perceived significantly more in the luteal phase of the menstrual period, than in the follicular phase. This could suggest that female in child‐bearing age should be scheduled for elective surgery preferentially during the follicular phase, unless differently necessary. It would guarantee a more comfortable postoperative period, with reduced necessity of analgesics.
Differences in Characteristics and Downstream Drug Use Among Opioid‐Naïve and Prior Opioid Users with Low Back Pain
Authors: DiMarco Lindsay A. , Ramger Benjamin C. , Howell Gregory P. , Serrani Ali M. , Givens Deborah L. , Rhon Daniel I. , Cook Chad E.
Published: September 2018

Background

Recent clinical practice guidelines have suggested conservative treatment approaches, including physical therapy, are indicated as first‐line treatment for patients with low back pain (LBP); however, LBP continues to be managed with opioids, despite decreases in function, morbidity, and insignificant improvements in pain.

Objective

The primary purpose was to compare characteristics and downstream medication use between patients with LBP with prior opioid exposure vs. those who were opioid‐naïve. The secondary purpose was to explore the role of prior opioid use by LBP disability.

Methods

Seven hundred and nine participants in a LBP self‐management class were evaluated utilizing self‐report data at baseline and longitudinal claims data from the Military Health System Data Repository. Participants were dichotomized into opioid‐naïve and prior opioid use groups and then further divided into low and high disability groups based on Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores. Patient characteristics, comorbidities, and medication use were compared between groups.

Results

Prior opioid users had significantly higher baseline ODI and Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire physical activity subscale and work subscale scores as well as pre‐index instances of mental health disorders, chronic pain, and insomnia than opioid‐naïve individuals. Prior opioid users filled significantly more pain medication prescriptions in the year after the index date than did opioid‐naïve individuals. Prior opioid users were significantly more likely to be taking opioids at 1 year after the index date, regardless of disability level.

Conclusion

In patients presenting with LBP, prior opioid exposure appears to be related to increased analgesic use (opioid and non‐opioid) and longitudinal analgesic utilization at 1 year after the index date.
Short‐Term Glucocorticoid Treatment Normalizes the Microcirculatory Response to Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Early Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Authors: Kumowski Nina , Hegelmaier Tobias , Kolbenschlag Jonas , Mainka Tina , Michel‐Lauter Beate , Maier Christoph
Published: September 2018

Background

The early phase of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is characterized by an inflammatory state and therefore often treated with anti‐inflammatory acting glucocorticoids. Recently, we demonstrated that remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), a cyclic application of nondamaging ischemia on a remote extremity, reduces blood flow and increases oxygen extraction in theCRPS‐affected extremity.

Aim

The aim of the presented study was to analyze the effect of short‐term pain treatment including glucocorticoid pulse treatment on theRIC‐induced perfusion parameters.

Method

Independently from the study, pain treatment was started with an oral glucocorticoid pulse (180 to 360 mg prednisolone) in 12 patients withCRPS(disease duration < 1 year).RICwas conducted before and after pulse treatment. Three cycles of 5 minutes ischemia and 10 minutes reperfusion were applied to the contralateral limb. Blood flow, tissue oxygenation, and oxygen extraction fraction were assessed ipsilateral before and duringRIC. Current pain was assessed on the numeric rating scale (0 to 10), and finger–palm distance was measured.

Results

Pain level (5.8 ± 1.5 vs. 3.1 ± 1.1) and finger–palm distance (5 ± 1.9 cm vs. 3.7 ± 1.9 cm) were decreased significantly by the treatment.RICdecreased blood flow by 32.8% ± 42.8% (P < 0.05) and increased oxygen extraction fraction by 8.5% ± 10.3% (P < 0.05) solely before the treatment. After treatment, all parameters remained unchanged afterRIC(P < 0.05 vs. before), comparable to healthy subjects.

Conclusion

Confirming previous results,RICpresumably unmasks luxury perfusion in untreatedCRPSpatients. In accordance with the clinical improvement, the short‐term pain treatment with glucocorticoids as major component normalizes impaired perfusion. These results might underline the rationale for anti‐inflammatory treatment in early‐phaseCRPS.
Chronic Pain in Breast Cancer Survivors: Nociceptive, Neuropathic, or Central Sensitization Pain?
Authors: Leysen Laurence , Adriaenssens Nele , Nijs Jo , Pas Roselien , Bilterys Thomas , Vermeir Sofie , Lahousse Astrid , Beckwée David
Published: September 2018

Introduction

The differentiation between acute and chronic pain can be insufficient for appropriate pain management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the predominant pain type (nociceptive, neuropathic, or central sensitization [CS] pain) in breast cancer survivors (BCS) with chronic pain. The secondary aims were to examine (1) differences in health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) between the different pain groups; and (2) the associations between patient‐, disease‐, and treatment‐related factors and the different pain types.

Methods

To determine the prevalence of the predominant type of pain, a recently proposed classification system was used. BCS were asked to complete the VAS for pain, Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questionnaire, Margolis Pain Diagram, Central Sensitization Inventory, and Short Form 36 (SF‐36).

Results

Ninety‐one BCS participated, among whom 25.3% presented neuropathic pain, 18.7% nociceptive pain, and 15.4% CS pain. Mixed pain was found in 40.6%. A significant intergroup difference in HRQoL was found for SF‐36 “general health” (P = 0.04). The odds for the presence of CS rather than nociceptive pain are 26 times higher in patients exposed to hormone therapy in comparison to the nonexposed (odds ratio 25.95, 95% confidence interval 1.33 to 504.37, P = 0.03).

Conclusion

Neuropathic pain is most frequent in BCS. Strong associations were found between CS pain and hormone therapy.
Comparison of Ultrasound‐Guided Supraclavicular and Interscalene Brachial Plexus Blocks in Postoperative Pain Management After Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery
Authors: Karaman Tugba , Karaman Serkan , Aşçı Murat , Tapar Hakan , Şahin Aynur , Dogru Serkan , Suren Mustafa
Published: September 2018

Background

The interscalene brachial plexus block (ISBB) is an effective procedure for minimizing postoperative opioid consumption and pain following arthroscopic shoulder surgery. The ultrasound (US)‐guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block (SCBB) seems to be an alternative technique for arthroscopic shoulder surgery. However, evidence is lacking regarding the impact of SCBB on postoperative pain management and recovery after arthroscopic shoulder surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of SCBB with ISBB in terms of postoperative pain and quality of recovery after arthroscopic shoulder surgery.

Methods

A total of 62 adult patients scheduled for arthroscopic shoulder surgery under general anesthesia were randomized into 2 groups to receive either ISBB (IB group, n = 31) or SCBB (SB group, n = 29) with 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine under US guidance. Assessments included postoperative pain scores, additional analgesic requirement, timing of the first analgesic requirement, Quality of Recovery‐40 (QoR‐40) scores, block characteristics, and side effects.

Results

No significant differences were found between the 2 groups for pain scores (P = 0.34), timing of first analgesic requirement (P = 0.30), additional analgesic requirement (P = 0.34), or QoR‐40 scores (P = 0.13). The block characteristics regarding procedure time (P = 0.95), block failure, and onset time of sensory blockade (P = 0.33) were similar. Horner's syndrome occurred in 8 patients in the IB group and 1 patient in the SB group (P = 0.015).

Conclusions

This study showed that US‐guided SCBB is as effective as ISBB in reducing postoperative pain and improving the quality of recovery for arthroscopic shoulder surgery.
Demand for sexual services in Britain: Does Sex Education Matter?
Authors: Locatelli Marilena , Strøm Steinar
Published: October 2018

On survey data from 1999 to 2001 and 2010 to 2012, we estimate the demand for commercial sex among British men. We estimate a zero‐inflated count model, which takes into account the probability of not participating in the sex market and number of times with a prostitute. We find that sex education in school has a negative and significant role in the demand for paid sex. We also find that men with a typical middle‐class income are more likely to buy sex. Travelling abroad or living in London increases the likelihood of British men buying sex.
Management of peripherally inserted central catheter use in an intensive care unit of a teaching hospital in Brazil: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Oliveira Larissa Bertacchini de , Fava Yago Russo , Rodrigues Adriano Rogério Baldacin , Franulovic Alessandra Costa , Ferreira Nathalia Teixeira , Püschel Vilanice Alves de Araújo
Published: October 2018

Objective:

This project aimed to promote evidence-based practice in the management of peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) in pediatric and adult patients in an intensive care unit (ICU).

Introduction:

A PICC provides secure vascular access to medication, blood and nutrition administration. However, their use in the ICU is limited. Gaps in training and education in the use of these catheters are barriers to improving practice and safety.

Methods:

The project was conducted in an ICU of a cardiology teaching hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. The Joanna Briggs Institute Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and Getting Research into Practice audit tools were used. A baseline audit of the management of PICCs in pediatric and adult patients was conducted, with a sample size of 22 patients and 180 nursing staff. After an educational program, a follow-up audit involving 14 patients and 180 nursing staff was conducted using the same audit criteria.

Results:

The baseline audit indicated that PICC management concerning flushing had poor compliance of 2–20%. The results of the criteria related to the change in administration sets, including secondary sets and add-on devices, had better results, with moderate (65%) to high (100%) compliance. The follow-up audit showed improvement in all 10 criteria. Criteria related to flushing achieved 83% to 89% compliance; criteria related to dressing and change of administration sets achieved 100% compliance.

Conclusions:

Increased compliance with evidence-based best practices was achieved in all assessed audit criteria. The criteria that reached the highest compliance with best practice recommendations were related to the prevention of bloodstream infection and loss of the PICC due to obstruction. Future audits are planned to ensure sustainability.
Effectiveness of case management performed by nurses for blood pressure control in adults with hypertension: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Mantovani Maria de Fátima , Kalinke Luciana Puchalski , Silva Ângela Taís Mattei da , Arthur Juliana Perez , Radovanovic Cremilde Aparecida Trindade , Bortolato-Major Carina
Published: October 2018

Review question/objective:

The question of this review is: what is the effectiveness of nurse case management in primary healthcare for improving blood pressure, in adults over 18 years with hypertension?

The objective of this review is to synthesize the best available evidence regarding the effectiveness of nurse case management in primary healthcare, compared to usual care, in improving blood pressure in adults over 18 years with hypertension.
Reliability, validity and generalizability of multidimensional pain assessment tools used in postoperative adult patients: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Lapkin Samuel , Fernandez Ritin , Ellwood Laura , Diwan Ashish
Published: October 2018

Objective:

The objective of this review is to evaluate the measurement properties of multidimensional pain assessment tools for postoperative pain in adults.

Introduction:

Effective postoperative pain management increases patient safety and satisfaction, and reduces healthcare costs. The most commonly used postoperative pain assessment tools only evaluate pain intensity, which is only one aspect of the sensory dimension of pain. Pain is a subjective phenomenon, and variability exists among patients. Efforts are underway to incorporate multidimensional assessment tools for postoperative pain assessment in clinical practice.

Inclusion criteria:

Eligible studies will include postoperative patients aged 18 years and older from all surgical disciplines. Studies evaluating multidimensional assessment instruments for the measurement of postoperative pain during the first two weeks following surgery will be considered. Studies will include the following measurement properties of assessment tools as outcomes: reliability, validity and generalizability.

Methods:

MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO and Cochrane Trials (CENTRAL) will be searched, as well as ClinicalTrials.gov and multiple gray literature sources. There will be no limitations on publication date. Titles and abstracts will be screened by independent reviewers for inclusion. The full text of selected papers will be retrieved and assessed against the inclusion criteria. Two independent reviewers will assess papers for methodological quality using the COSMIN checklist, and papers with poor scores on relevant items will be excluded. Data will be extracted by two independent reviewers using a standardized data extraction tool. Statistical pooling will be performed, if possible.
Symplectic Analysis of Wrinkles in Elastic Layers With Graded Stiffnesses
Authors: Sui Jianjun , Chen Junbo , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Nie Guohua , Zhang Teng
Published: October 2018

Wrinkles in layered neo-Hookean structures were recently formulated as a Hamiltonian system by taking the thickness direction as a pseudo-time variable. This enabled an efficient and accurate numerical method to solve the eigenvalue problem for onset wrinkles. Here, we show that wrinkles in graded elastic layers can also be described as a time-varying Hamiltonian system. The connection between wrinkles and the Hamiltonian system is established through an energy method. Within the Hamiltonian framework, the eigenvalue problem of predicting wrinkles is defined by a series of ordinary differential equations with varying coefficients. By modifying the boundary conditions at the top surface, the eigenvalue problem can be efficiently and accurately solved with numerical solvers of boundary value problems. We demonstrated the accuracy of the symplectic analysis by comparing the theoretically predicted displacement eigenfunctions, critical strains, and wavelengths of wrinkles in two typical graded structures with finite element simulations.
Metalliclike thermoelectric Ti-V oxide nanocomposites
Authors: Music Denis , Holzapfel Damian M.
Published: October 2018

Ti-V oxide composites are promising for thermoelectric applications due to a large Seebeck coefficient, but they are impeded by a high electrical resistivity. In this work, room-temperature sputtered Ti0.31V0.03O0.66 samples are explored. They are composed of 10 nm sized grains (rock salt, space group Fm3¯m) emerged into an x-ray amorphous matrix containing several oxidation states, such as TiO2 and V2O5. At elevated temperatures (transition at approximately 750 K), anatase TiO2 (space group I41/amd) nucleates. Based on density functional theory, metallic rock salt structured Ti0.96V0.04O is metastable, but it may be formed under kinetic limitations, while the energy of formation for V containing ionic-covalent anatase is increased by 46%. The authors propose that V restrains the formation of anatase at low temperatures, the phase with an enhanced Seebeck coefficient. Upon annealing, facilitating V segregation at grain boundaries, binary anatase TiO2 grains form. This has a drastic influence on the transport properties. The Seebeck coefficient reaches −134 μV K−1 at approximately 900 K, which is corroborated by density functional theory including thermal expansion induced changes in the electronic structure. The electrical resistivity is as low as 8 μΩ m below the transition point (at approximately 790 K) and it increases to 36 μΩ m close to 900 K. It is up to 9 orders of magnitude smaller than previously reported values for Ti-V oxide composites, enabled herein through metallic rock salt structured grains.
Brightness measurements of the nano-aperture ion source
Authors: van Kouwen Leon , Kruit Pieter
Published: October 2018

A new type of ion source capable of delivering bright and monochromatic beams of various ionic species has been developed. The brightness of this source was measured using an ion focusing column in combination with a knife-edge ion transmission detector. The emission current was varied in the range 200 pA to 20 nA by varying the particle density and the in-chip electric field. Most data were obtained using argon ions, but helium and xenon ions were also produced. The setup was used to experimentally demonstrate a brightness of B≈1105 A/m2 sr V. The measurements match reasonably well with ray-trace simulations.
Cross-talk among writers, readers, and erasers of m
6
A regulates cancer growth and progression
Authors: Panneerdoss Subbarayalu , Eedunuri Vijay K. , Yadav Pooja , Timilsina Santosh , Rajamanickam Subapriya , Viswanadhapalli Suryavathi , Abdelfattah Nourhan , Onyeagucha Benjamin C. , Cui Xiadong , Lai Zhao , Mohammad Tabrez A. , Gupta Yogesh K. , Huang Tim Hui-Ming , Huang Yufei , Chen Yidong , Rao Manjeet K.
Published: October 2018

Collaboration among writers-readers-erasers of m
6
A regulates the stability of tumor-specific genes.
‘Old’ genome editors might treat mitochondrial diseases
Authors: Leslie Mitch
Published: October 2018

In mice, disrupting mutant DNA appears to relieve its effects.
RNA modifications modulate gene expression during development
Authors: Frye Michaela , Harada Bryan T. , Behm Mikaela , He Chuan
Published: October 2018

RNA modifications have recently emerged as critical posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression programs. They affect diverse eukaryotic biological processes, and the correct deposition of many of these modifications is required for normal development. Messenger RNA (mRNA) modifications regulate various aspects of mRNA metabolism. For example,
N
6
-methyladenosine (m
6
A) affects the translation and stability of the modified transcripts, thus providing a mechanism to coordinate the regulation of groups of transcripts during cell state maintenance and transition. Similarly, some modifications in transfer RNAs are essential for RNA structure and function. Others are deposited in response to external cues and adapt global protein synthesis and gene-specific translational accordingly and thereby facilitate proper development.
Cancer prevention: Molecular and epidemiologic consensus
Authors: Song Mingyang , Vogelstein Bert , Giovannucci Edward L. , Willett Walter C. , Tomasetti Cristian
Published: October 2018

Research in many fields emphasizes the value of prevention
No strand left behind
Authors: Ahmad Kami , Henikoff Steven
Published: October 2018

Histone chaperones direct how epigenetic information is inherited in dividing cells
Blood Culture Results Reporting: How Fast Is Your Laboratory and Is Faster Better?
Authors: Thomson Richard B. , McElvania Erin
Published: October 2018

Blood cultures are one of the most common and most important tests performed in clinical microbiology laboratories. Variables and technology that improve and speed the recovery of blood stream pathogens have been published in the Journal of Clinical Microbiology since its inception in 1975.
Extracellular Hepatitis B Virus RNAs Are Heterogeneous in Length and Circulate as Capsid-Antibody Complexes in Addition to Virions in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients
Authors: Bai Lu , Zhang Xiaonan , Kozlowski Maya , Li Weixia , Wu Min , Liu Jiangxia , Chen Liang , Zhang Jiming , Huang Yuxian , Yuan Zhenghong
Published: October 2018

Although increasing evidence suggests the presence of extracellular HBV RNA species, their origin and molecular forms are still under debate. In addition to the infectious virions, HBV is known to secrete several species of incomplete viral particles, including hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) particles, naked capsids, and empty virions, during its replication cycle. Here, we demonstrated that extracellular HBV RNAs were associated with naked capsids and virions in HepAD38 cells. Interestingly, we found that unenveloped capsids circulate in the blood of hepatitis B patients in the form of CACs and, together with virions, serve as vehicles carrying these RNA molecules. Moreover, extracellular HBV RNAs are heterogeneous in length and represent either pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) or products of incomplete reverse transcription during viral replication. These findings provide a conceptual basis for further application of extracellular RNA species as novel biomarkers for HBV persistence.
Closed Genome Sequence Obtained Using Hybrid Nanopore/Illumina Assembly of a Bacillus anthracis Isolate from an Animal-Skin-Drum-Associated Anthrax Case in the United Kingdom
Authors: Pullan Steven T. , Miles Rory W. , Lewandowski Kuiama , Vipond Richard
Published: October 2018

Hybrid
de novo
assembly of Illumina/Nanopore reads produced a complete closed genome sequence of the chromosome and two virulence plasmids of a
Bacillus anthracis
isolate from a fatal anthrax case in the United Kingdom linked to imported animal skins/drums; this provides a high-quality representative sequence for this lineage.
Draft Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain Hm-1, Isolated from Cotton Rosemallow
Authors: Takahashi Hiro , Sakagawa Erika , Sakakibara Ikuya , Machida Chiyoko , Miyaki Shido , Takahashi Anna , Onai Shinnosuke , Fukuyoshi Shuichi , Ohta Akinori , Satou Kenji , Kanamasa Shin
Published: October 2018

Saccharomyces cerevisiae
strain Hm-1 is a yeast isolated from the flower of cotton rosemallow. This yeast is used for the production of Seishu, a traditional Japanese refined sake.
Complete Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida XSDHY-P, a Strain That Is Pathogenic for the Marine Fish
Larimichthys crocea
Authors: Tao Zhen , Wang Guoliang , Zhou Suming
Published: October 2018

Pseudomonas plecoglossicida
is a Gram-negative fish pathogen responsible for visceral granular disease in large yellow croaker,
Larimichthys crocea
. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a verified virulent strain, XSDHY-P, that was isolated from spleen tissue of a diseased large yellow croaker.
Can the completeness of radiological cancer staging reports be improved using proforma reporting? A prospective multicentre non-blinded interventional study across 21 centres in the UK
Authors: Patel Anisha , Rockall Andrea , Guthrie Ashley , Gleeson Fergus , Worthy Sylvia , Grubnic Sisa , Burling David , Allen Clare , Padhani Anwar , Carey Brendan , Cavanagh Peter , Peake Michael D , Brown Gina
Published: October 2018

Objectives

Following a diagnosis of cancer, the detailed assessment of prognostic stage by radiology is a crucial determinant of initial therapeutic strategy offered to patients. Pretherapeutic stage by imaging is known to be inconsistently documented. We tested whether the completeness of cancer staging radiology reports could be improved through a nationally introduced pilot of proforma-based reporting for a selection of six common cancers.

Design

Prospective interventional study comparing the completeness of radiology cancer staging reports before and after the introduction of proforma reporting.

Setting

Twenty-one UK National Health Service hospitals.

Participants

1283 cancer staging radiology reports were submitted.

Main outcome measures

Radiology staging reports across the six cancers types were evaluated before and after the implementation of proforma-based reporting. Report completeness was assessed using scoring forms listing the presence or absence of predetermined key staging data. Qualitative data regarding proforma implementation and usefulness were collected from questionnaires provided to radiologists and end-users.

Results

Electronic proforma-based reporting was successfully implemented in 15 of the 21 centres during the evaluation period. A total of 787 preproforma and 496 postproforma staging reports were evaluated. In the preproforma group, only 48.7% (5586/11 470) of key staging items were present compared with 87.3% (6043/6920) in the postproforma group. Thus, the introduction of proforma reporting produced a 78% improvement in staging completeness . This increase was seen across all cancer types and centres. The majority of participants found proforma reporting improved cancer reporting quality for their clinical practice .

Conclusion

The implementation of proforma reporting results in a significant improvement in the completeness of cancer staging reports. Proforma-based assessment of cancer stage enables objective comparisons of patient outcomes across centres. It should therefore become an auditable quality standard for cancer care.
Seventy-six-year-old man with progressive dyspnoea
Authors: Martínez-Milla Juan , Maestre Bastardo Ángel José , Cortés Marcelino
Published: October 2018

Clinical introduction

A 76-year-old man with 50 years of smoking history was diagnosed in 2012 with diffuse interstitial lung disease, with radiological data of usual interstitial pneumonia. He came to the emergency room presenting with progression of dyspnoea for 1 week, concomitant with loss of 5 kg of weight, anorexia and poor general condition. He had tachypnoea at rest (30 breaths/min), peripheral cyanosis, speech interfered by cough and breathlessness, baseline oxygen saturation 90%, heart rate 40 beats/min and blood pressure 130/70 mm Hg. Chest X-ray was performed and there was basal atelectasia of the right lung. ECG and urgent echocardiogram (transthoracic echocardiogram, TTE) were also performed (figure 1).

Question

Which of the following best explains the patient’s situation?

Figure 1

(A) ECG. (B) Long-axis parasternal view from the transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). (C) Four-chamber view from the TTE.

Acute pulmonary embolism

Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction

Cardiac lymphoma

Cardiac myxoma

Mobitz type II AV block
Changes in workplace car parking and commute mode: a natural experimental study
Authors: Knott Craig S , Sharp Stephen J , Mytton Oliver T , Ogilvie David , Panter Jenna
Published: October 2018

Background

The use of private motor vehicles places a considerable burden on public health. Changes in workplace car parking policies may be effective in shifting behaviour. We use a natural experimental design to assess whether changes in policy were associated with differences in commute mode.

Methods

We used cohort data from participants working in Cambridge (2009–2012). Commuters reported their trips and travel modes to work over the last week, workplace car parking policy and socioeconomic, environmental and health characteristics. Changes in policy were defined between phases (1608 transition periods; 884 participants). Using generalised estimating equations, we estimated associations between changes in parking policy and the proportion of trips that (i) were exclusively by motor vehicle, (ii) involved walking or cycling and (iii) involved public transport at follow-up.

Results

25.1% of trips were made by motor vehicle, 54.6% involved walking or cycling and 11.7% involved public transport. The introduction of free or paid workplace parking was associated with higher proportions of motor vehicle trips (11.4%, 95% CI (6.4 to 16.3)) and lower proportions involving walking or cycling (−13.3%, 95% CI (−20.2 to –6.4)) and public transport (−5.8%, 95% CI (−10.6 to –0.9)) compared with those with no workplace parking. Restrictive changes in policy were associated with shifts in the expected direction but these were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Relaxation of parking policy was associated with higher proportions of trips made by motor vehicle. Further longitudinal and intervention research is required to assess generalisability of these findings.
Sample size determination in geotechnical site investigation considering spatial variation and correlation
Authors: Wang Yu , Guan Zheng , Zhao Tengyuan
Published: October 2018

Site investigation is a fundamental element in geotechnical engineering practice, but only a small portion of geomaterials is sampled and tested during site investigation. This leads to a question of sample size determination: how many samples are needed to achieve a target level of accuracy for the results inferred from the samples? Sample size determination is a well-known topic in statistics and has many applications in a wide variety of areas. However, conventional statistical methods, which mainly deal with independent data, only have limited applications in geotechnical site investigation because geotechnical data are not independent, but spatially varying and correlated. Existing design codes around the world (e.g., Eurocode 7) only provide conceptual principles on sample size determination. No scientific or quantitative method is available for sample size determination in site investigation considering spatial variation and correlation of geotechnical properties. This study performs an extensive parametric study and develops a statistical chart for sample size determination with consideration of spatial variation and correlation using Bayesian compressive sensing or sampling. Real cone penetration test data and real laboratory test data are used to illustrate application of the proposed statistical chart, and the method is shown to perform well.
Tetradentate iminophenolate copper complexes in rac-lactide polymerization
Authors: Daneshmand Pargol , Randimbiarisolo Aurélie , Schaper Frank
Published: October 2018

Copper(II) nitrate complexes of 2-(((2-((2-aminoethyl)amino)ethyl)imino)methyl)phenol, 2-(((2-((2-aminoethyl)amino)ethyl)imino)methyl)-4,6-dichlorophenol, 2-(((2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)imino)methyl)phenol and (2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(((2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)imino)methyl)phenol, as well as a copper(II) acetate complex of 2-(((2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)imino)methyl)phenol, have been prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction studies. In combination with benzyl alcohol, all complexes are active in rac-lactide polymerization at 140 °C in molten monomer to provide moderately heterotactic polylactic acid. Most complexes showed complicated reaction kinetics, indicative of two interconverting active species. Molecular weight control was poor and a strong tendency toward intramolecular transesterification led to oligomeric products. There was no indication that the basic site of the ligand is participating in the polymerization reaction by deprotonation of the alcohol nucleophile.
New non-naturally reductive Einstein metrics on SO(n)
Authors: Zhang Bo , Chen Huibin , Tan Ju
Published: September 2018

We obtain new invariant Einstein metrics on the compact Lie groups [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) which are not naturally reductive. This is achieved by imposing certain symmetry assumptions in the set of all left-invariant metrics on [Formula: see text] and by computing the Ricci tensor for such metrics. The Einstein metrics are obtained as solutions of systems polynomial equations, which we manipulate by symbolic computations using Gröbner bases.
Families of exact solutions of the generalized (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear-wave equation
Authors: Liu Wenhao , Zhang Yufeng
Published: September 2018

In this paper, the traveling wave method is employed to investigate the one-soliton solutions to two different types of bright solutions for the generalized (3[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]1)-dimensional nonlinear-wave equation, primarily. In the following parts, we derive the breathers and rational solutions by using the Hirota bilinear method and long-wave limit. More specifically, we discuss the lump solution and rogue wave solution, in which their trajectory will be changed by varying the corresponding coefficient or coordinate axis. On the one hand, the breathers express the form of periodic line waves in different planes, on the other hand, rogue waves are localized in time.
Design and Analysis of an Energy-Efficient High-Speed CMOS Double-Tail Dynamic Comparator with Reduced Kickback Noise Effect
Authors: Dubey Avaneesh K. , Nagaria R. K.
Published: September 2018

This paper presents a novel high-speed and highly energy-efficient double-tail dynamic comparator. In order to achieve high speed, a hybrid design style is adopted for pre-amplifier stage and a new design is proposed for latch stage, which enhances the speed and reduces the effect of kickback noise. The latch stage delay and energy efficiency of the proposed design are optimized with respect to the width of each transistor. To verify the outcomes, the proposed comparator is simulated using 45[Formula: see text]nm and 180[Formula: see text]nm CMOS process. Monte Carlo simulation is also done for each parameter. The 45[Formula: see text]nm result shows that the comparator has the total delay as low as 104.3[Formula: see text]ps and consumes only 0.288[Formula: see text]fJ of energy per conversion from a 0.8[Formula: see text]V supply. The mean value of input voltage error due to kickback noise is found as 306[Formula: see text]nV.
Energy Optimization Heuristics for Budget-Constrained Workflow in Heterogeneous Computing System
Authors: Jiang Junqiang , Li Wenbin , Pan Li , Yang Bo , Peng Xin
Published: September 2018

With the rapid development of commercialized computation, the heterogeneous computing system (HCS) has evolved into a new method of service provisioning based on utility computing models, in which the users consume services and resources based on their quality of service requirements. In certain models using the pay-as-you-go concept, the users are charged for accessed services based on their usage. In addition, the commercialized HCS provider also assumes the responsibility to reduce the energy consumption to protect the environment. This paper considers a basic model known as directed acyclic graphs (DAG), which is designed for workflow applications, and investigates heuristics that allows the scheduling of various tasks of a workflow into the dynamic voltage and frequency scaling enabled HCS. The proposed approaches, which are Minimum-Cost-Up-to-Budget (MCUB) and Maximum-Cost-Down-to-Budget (MCDB), could not only satisfy budget constrains but could also optimize overall energy consumption. The approaches along with their variants are implemented and evaluated using four types of basic DAGs. From the experimental results, we conclude that MCDB outperforms MCUB in energy optimization and makespan criterion while meeting budget constraints faced by users.
Two-Dimensional DOA Estimation for Planar Array Using a Successive Propagator Method
Authors: Chen Weiyang , Zhang Xiaofei , Jiang Chi
Published: September 2018

We consider the problem of two-dimensional (2D) direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for planar array, and propose a successive propagator method (PM)-based algorithm. The rotational invariance property of the propagator matrix is exploited to obtain the initial angle estimations, while the accurate estimates can be achieved through successive one-dimensional and local spectrum-peak searches. The proposed algorithm can obtain automatically paired 2D-DOA estimations, and it requires no eigenvalue decomposition of the covariance matrix of received data, which remarkably reduces the computational cost compared with traditional 2D-PM algorithm. In addition, the DOA estimation performance of the proposed algorithm is better than estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT) algorithm and PM algorithm, and is close to 2D-PM algorithm which requires 2D spectrum-peak search. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and improvement of the proposed algorithm.
Gravitational waves at their own gravitational speed
Authors: Unnikrishnan C. S. , Gillies George T.
Published: September 2018

Gravitational waves propagate at the speed of light in general relativity, because of their special relativistic basis. However, light propagation is linked to the electromagnetic phenomena, with the permittivity and permeability constants as the determining factors. Is there a deeper reason why waves in a geometric theory of gravity propagate at a speed determined by electromagnetic constants? What is the relation between gravity’s own constants and the speed of gravitational waves? Our attempt to answer these fundamental questions takes us far and deep into the universe.
New proof of general relativity through the correct physical interpretation of the Mössbauer rotor experiment
Authors: Corda Christian
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we give a correct interpretation of a historical experiment by Kündig on the transverse Doppler shift in a rotating system (Mössbauer rotor experiment). This experiment has been recently first reanalyzed, and then replied by an experimental research group. The results of reanalyzing the experiment have shown that a correct re-processing of Kündig’s experimental data gives an interesting deviation of a relative redshift between emission and absorption resonant lines from the standard prediction based on the relativistic dilatation of time. Subsequent new experimental results by the reply of Kündig experiment have shown a deviation from the standard prediction even higher. By using the Equivalence Principle (EP), which states the equivalence between the gravitational “force” and the pseudo-force experienced by an observer in a noninertial frame of reference (included a rotating frame of reference), here the theoretical framework of the Mössbauer rotor experiment is reanalyzed directly in the rotating frame of reference through a general relativistic treatment. It will be shown that previous analyses missed an important effect of clock synchronization. By adding this new effect, the correct general relativistic prevision is in perfect agreement with the new experimental results. Such an effect of clock synchronization has been missed in various papers in the literature, with some subsequent claim of invalidity of the relativity theory and/or some attempts to explain the experimental results through “exotic” effects. The general relativistic interpretation in this paper shows, instead that the new experimental results of the Mössbauer rotor experiment are a new, strong and independent proof of general relativity.
Could GR contextuality resolve the missing mass problem?
Authors: Stuckey W. M. , McDevitt Timothy , Sten A. K. , Silberstein Michael
Published: September 2018

In Newtonian gravity, mass is an intrinsic property of matter, while in general relativity (GR), mass is a contextual property of matter, e.g. when two different GR spacetimes are adjoined. Herein, we explore the possibility that the astrophysical missing mass attributed to nonbaryonic dark matter (DM) actually obtains because we have been assuming the Newtonian intrinsic view of mass rather than the GR contextual view. Perhaps we should model astrophysical phenomena via combined GR spacetimes to better account for their complexity. Accordingly, we consider a GR ansatz in fitting galactic rotation curve data (THINGS), X-ray cluster mass profile data (ROSAT/ASCA), and CMB angular power spectrum data (Planck 2015) without DM. We find that our fits compare well with both modified gravity programs and DM programs.
Cosmic evolution with a general Gaussian type scale factor
Authors: Chakraborty Subenoy , Bhattacharya Subhra
Published: September 2018

Here we present a simple model of cosmic evolution in Einstein gravity, with the cosmic substratum being composed of an inhomogeneous and anisotropic fluid. The scale factor is supposed to be of Gaussian type. In this framework, we show the existence of a continuously evolving eternal universe with no singularity, beginning or end.
The simplest origin of the big bounce and inflation
Authors: Popławski Nikodem
Published: September 2018

Torsion is a geometrical object, required by quantum mechanics in curved spacetime, which may naturally solve fundamental problems of general theory of relativity and cosmology. The black-hole cosmology, resulting from torsion, could be a scenario uniting the ideas of the big bounce and inflation, which were the subject of a recent debate of renowned cosmologists.