bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Looking for Textual Evidence
Authors: Schneider Ralf , Hartner Marcus , Lappert Anne
Published: December 2020

Ralf Schneider, Marcus Hartner and Anne Lappert's article explores the benefits and limits of Digital Humanities (DH) for the study of prose fiction. It discusses computation-driven research in literary studies by engaging with the construction of middle-class morality manifest in eighteenth-century British novels. Applying a combination of distant (digital) reading and traditional close reading to a corpus of fifty-five novels, the authors argue that the novels' literary negotiation of morality does not predominantly occur by explicitly mentioning underlying values that could be quantified, for example, in form of word frequencies and co-occurrence(s). Eighteenth-century novels, they suggest, rather tend to employ indirect techniques of (re)presenting moral behaviour. By reflecting the role of DH in their analysis, the authors suggest to move towards an understanding of the quantitative research methods of DH as a tool for the critical analysis of hypotheses and applied research methods in literary studies.
The Historical Semantics of Temporal Comparisons Through the Lens of Digital Humanities
Authors: Götzelmann Michael , Postoutenko Kirill , Sabelfeld Olga , Steinmetz Willibald
Published: December 2020

This chapter explores ways in which digital methods may help to study the historical semantics and pragmatical uses of comparisons. From the perspective of traditional conceptual history an obvious starting point would be to search for occurrences of the noun »comparison« itself, including its derivatives and synonyms. In this chapter, however, we move beyond single-word searches or collocation studies towards what one might call a computer-assisted »historical semantics of utterances«. In ordinary language most comparisons are indeed »performed« through inconspicuous sentences such as »x is like y« (equations) or »j is better than k« (grading comparisons). When utterances such as these (and not words) are chosen as our minimal unit of analysis, any computer-assisted study of the semantics and pragmaticall uses of comparisons becomes much more complicated. Digitized text corpora have to be specifically tagged, and digital search tools need to be »trained« in order to achieve an error-free identification of the searched for sentences. In this chapter we proceed in three steps. In a first step (section 2) we develop a basic typology of comparative utterances, then delimit our present field of inquiry to one particular type of utterances (temporal comparisons) and identify the crucial semantical / syntactical markers which might enable digital tools to recognize temporal comparisons in digitized text corpora. In a second step (section 3) we apply our typological considerations to an already existing, highly elaborated digitized text base: the Hansard Corpus of British Parliamentary Debates (1803-2005) (HC), supported by the HTST tagger. It is demonstrated how queries have to be formulated in order to achieve valuable and relatively error-free search results. By contrast, in a third step (section 4) our analytical framework is applied to a self-defined text corpus - a corpus of utopias and dystopias ranging from Thomas More's »Utopia« (1516) down to Adam Sternbergh's »Shovel Ready« (2014). We explain the laborious process of digitizing and tagging the corpus by using a freely available tagger (Corpus Workbench), then describe several rounds of queries and finally evaluate the search results. It turns out that these are relatively weak and defective, compared to those achieved with the Hansard Corpus and the HTST tagger, as well as compared to a »traditional«, hermeneutical way of filtering out comparative utterances. Hence, our contest between »man« and »machine« ends with a draw. While well-established corpora and refined tools may render valuable results in some cases, the balance is more mixed when corpora are self-defined and tools are less sophisticated: in these cases we still need to carefully weigh up the advantages of speed provided by digital tools against the amount of preparatory work and the rate of errors to be corrected manually.
Neukombinatoriken des menschlichen Körpers
Authors: Schmidt Sophie , Wenrich Rainer
Published: December 2020

Der Beitrag von Sophie Schmidt und Rainer Wenrich erhält mit seiner Überschrift »Neukombinatoriken des menschlichen Körpers« einen programmatischen Titel, der die Klammer für das gestalterische Vorgehen der Künstlerin Sophie Schmidt beschreibt. In Form eines Gesprächs mit der Künstlerin wird ihr Zugang zum und Umgang mit dem Körper nachgezeichnet. In einer Zeit, in der der Körper um seine Präsenz inmitten der digitalen Transformation kämpft, indem er in unaufhörlichen Versuchen analog, medial und vor allem digital seine Daseinsberechtigung propagiert, entwickelt Sophie Schmidt Prothesen, die auf die vorhandenen Defizite des Emotional-, Empathisch-, Weich- und Zartseins verweisen. Schmidts Körperdiagnose beschreibt ein zwischenmenschliches Dilemma, das es mithilfe künstlerisch-prothetischer Eingriffe und deren innovativer Kombinatoriken und Aktivierungen durch die Künstlerin zu beheben gilt.
»Oh look, bionic people!«
Authors: Ruther Carolin
Published: December 2020

Bei aktuellen Debatten um moderne Prothetik wird häufig das Bild von einer hybriden Zukunft gezeichnet, in der Mensch und Maschine zunehmend miteinander verschmelzen. Diese Vorstellung wird durch populärkulturelle Figuren wie Terminator oder Iron Man, aber auch durch die scheinbar übermenschlichen Leistungen paralympischer Sportler befördert. Doch was ist technisch im Bereich Prothetik heutzutage tatsächlich möglich und wie nehmen Menschen nach einer Gliedmaßenamputation ihre veränderten, prothetisierten Körper selbst wahr? Diesen Fragen widmet sich Carolin Ruther in ihrem Beitrag, wobei sie sich der Thematik aus einer kulturwissenschaftlichen Perspektive nähert.
Masken denken - in Masken denken
Authors: Schubert Corinna
Published: December 2020

Als kulturgeschichtlich bedeutsame Phänomene entstammen Masken der Ritual- und Theaterpraxis und traten schon in der Antike als Metapher in den Sprachgebrauch über. Kaum ein Philosoph hat den Masken so viel Raum gegeben wie Friedrich Nietzsche: Sie sind ihm Hilfsmittel der Erkenntnis und conditio humana, sie ermöglichen Höflichkeit und Selbstschutz, fungieren aber auch als Darstellungsform. Corinna Schubert führt zentrale Themen seines Denkens unter einem neuen Gesichtspunkt zusammen und erschließt sie als Philosophie der Masken. Dabei geht es nicht nur darum, was Nietzsche über Masken denkt, sondern auch, wie er mit und in Masken denkt.
Monospace and Multiverse
Authors: Hansmann Sabine
Published: December 2020

In contrast to buildings divided by walls, monospace buildings are determined far less by its shell than by a reciprocal relationship between space and practices, objects, materials, and human bodies. Using the example of such one-room-architectures, this book explores the potential of an actor-network-theory (ANT) approach to space in the field of architecture. Sabine Hansmann focuses on the Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts in Norwich, England by Foster Associates (1978) to investigate the mutual entanglement of people, objects and building. She traces the work that is necessary in »doing« space and thus suggests a re-conceptualisation of space in architectural theory.
Contemporary PerforMemory
Authors: Zami Layla
Published: December 2020

Contemporary PerforMemory looks at dance works created in the 21st century by choreographers identifying as Afro-European, Jewish, Black, Palestinian, and Taiwanese-Chinese-American. It explores how contemporary dance-makers engage with historical traumas such as the Shoah and the Maafa to reimagine how the past is remembered and how the future is anticipated. The new idea of perforMemory arises within a lively blend of interdisciplinary theory, interviews, performance analysis, and personal storytelling. Scholar and artist Layla Zami traces unexpected pathways, inviting the reader to move gracefully across disciplines, geographies, and histories. Featuring insightful interviews with seven international artists: Oxana Chi, Zufit Simon, André M. Zachery, Chantal Loïal, Wan-Chao Chang, Farah Saleh, and Christiane Emmanuel.
Pop-Musik sammeln
Authors: Elster Christian
Published: December 2020

Streamingdienste, Vinylflohmärkte, die verstaubte CD-Sammlung - nie gab es so viele Möglichkeiten auf Musik zuzugreifen wie heute. In Form ethnografischer Tracks zeigt Christian Elster, was Musiksammeln zwischen Plattenladen und Onlinediensten für Menschen bedeuten kann. Hierfür beleuchtet er Praktiken, Artefakte, Orte, Diskurse und Figuren des Sammelns und zeigt auf, dass die technisch grundierte und sinnliche Praxis wesentlich auf das Selbstverständnis vieler Menschen Einfluss nimmt. Sammeln kann deshalb als Alltagskompetenz verstanden werden, die in physischen und digitalen Umgebungen individuelle Ordnungen und sinnstiftende Wegmarken schafft.
Im/materielle Theaterräume erlebbar machen
Authors: Dornhege Pablo , Ritter Franziska
Published: December 2020

Franziska Ritter und Pablo Dornhege beleuchten in ihrem Beitrag die Möglichkeitsräume, die Virtual Reality als raum- und zeitbasiertes Medium für die Zugänglichkeit von Theaterobjekten und für die Erlebbarkeit von Theatergeschichte und -geschichten eröffnet. Damit verbundene Fragestellungen untersuchen sie im Kontext des Forschungsprojekts »Das Virtuelle Große Schauspielhaus Berlin« (AT): Welche neuen Funktionen haben die Sammlungsobjekte in ihrer Existenz als digitaler Zwilling im Verhältnis zum Original und welche anderen Eigenschaften brauchen sie im Spannungsfeld zwischen musealem Artefakt und funktionalem Asset? Ist es überhaupt möglich, auratische Objekt-Erlebnisse in virtuellen Räumen zu schaffen und führt dies zu einem neuen Umgang mit den Objekten? Was können wir vom Theater und seinen dramaturgischen, narrativen und inszenatorischen Methoden für die Gestaltung von virtuellen Erlebnissräumen lernen?
Alleviative Objects
Authors: Frohnapfel David
Published: December 2020

The global field of contemporary art is shaped by inter-racial conflicts. Alleviative Objects approaches Caribbean art through intersectional entanglements and combines decolonial epistemologies with critical whiteness studies and affect theory in order to rethink `Euro- and U.S.-centric' perspectives on art, race, and class. David Frohnapfel shows how progressive racism in the discourse on Haitian art recenters Whiteness by performing benign, innocent, and heroic identifications with the artist group Atis Rezistans. While the study turns critically towards Whiteness, it also turns away from it and towards the compelling contributions of Haitian curators and artists to the decentralization of contemporary art.
The Corporate Art Index
Authors: Mörmann Viviane
Published: December 2020

Art is a prerequisite for the progress of society. Corporate Art Initiatives contribute to this progression. Based on extensive research, Viviane Mörmann presents 21 promising corporate art initiatives (CAIs). She introduces different types of art initiatives and provides a standardized scheme to evaluate them. This volume features CAIs from the classic corporate art space to the public art challenge, and the virtual museum. It draws attention to the subject of CAIs to broaden the reader's knowledge and to mediate access to current CAIs. The Corporate Art Index thus addresses art lovers, artists, curators, business and marketing professionals, architects and designers, art historians, art fair organizers and journalists.
Building knowledge with theory: Unpacking complexity in doctoral writing
Authors:   Rhodes University, Wilmot Kirstin
Published: December 2020

The use of theory to analyse and interpret empirical data is a valued practice in much social science doctoral research. A crucial aspect of this practice involves generating sophisticated theoretical understandings and critiques of phenomena in our social world. Despite the importance of theory, however, few concrete explanations of how to ‘theorise’ exist in literature. This paper addresses this gap by demonstrating how a set of conceptual tools can be used to unpack what the craft of theorising looks like in explicit terms, and to reveal how this ability develops over time during the drafting process of dissertation writing. It does this by drawing on select texts from a successful doctoral dissertation, as well as an earlier draft version. In doing so, the paper provides an in-depth explanation of an essential process of doctoral research that is inherently known by many supervisors, yet seldom unpacked in explicit terms.
Demystifying student plagiarism in academic writing: Towards an ‘educational’ solution
Authors:   Mangosuthu University of Technology, Ndebele Hloniphani
Published: December 2020

Plagiarism has become a recurrent challenge in higher education institutions, threatening the integrity of universities and their academic standards. The exacerbation of this issue can be largely linked to the escalating presence of online resources, which are easily accessible to knowledge and information communities worldwide. Many universities have thus instituted reactive measures that focus on detecting and policing plagiarism with little consideration of proactive and educational measures that can address the primary reasons for plagiarism and foster a community of academic integrity on their campuses. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to interrogate the treatment of plagiarism in universities, and provide recommendations for better educational approaches to address this issue in proactive ways that also acknowledge the complex, contextual background of the South African higher education landscape. Understanding the primary reasons students plagiarise is critical in finding educational rather than punitive solutions to address the issue.
A pedagogy of care: PGCE students’ experiences of online learning during Covid-19
Authors:   Stellenbosch University, Feldman Jennifer
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the online teaching and learning experiences of university students during the recent countrywide lockdown and higher education institutional shutdown due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Drawing on philosopher Joan Tronto’s phases of care and associated moral elements, the article reports on survey data from a large cohort of students in the Post Graduate Certificate of Education programme at Stellenbosch University and seeks to analyse the students’ care needs and experiences of care during this period. The aim of the article discussion is not to answer the question whether the university institution offered the students good care during the campus shutdown and remote teaching and learning, but rather to understand the experiences of the students of online teaching and learning during this time.
Educational curriculum and entrepreneurship culture among the youth: a case study of university of Zululand
Authors:   University of Zululand, Radebe Thobile , Vezi-Magigaba Makhosazana
Published: December 2020

Youth entrepreneurship is broadly considered as an important factor of economic growth, job creation and poverty alleviation. Lack of education and training pose major challenges for youth participation in entrepreneurship. This study examines the extent to which the educational curriculum fosters an entrepreneurship culture among the youth, with specific reference to the University of Zululand. The mixed method study surveyed three hundred and seventy-four (374) students and interviewed eleven (11) heads of departments from different faculties at the University of Zululand. The key findings indicated that the university educational curriculum does not equip the students with entrepreneurial skills and mindsets that enable them to start their own businesses. More significantly, the entrepreneurship is only taught in business management departments where the focus is biased towards theory rather than the practical aspects of business ventures. The study concluded that the educational curriculum was too theoretical and that universities has not yet recognized the significance of teaching entrepreneurship across all faculties. The main recommendations are the need for a policy shift towards teaching entrepreneurship in all universities faculties and placing emphasis on the practical aspects of venture creation in entrepreneurship studies, as well as developing incubation centres for grooming entrepreneurs at higher learning institutions.
USING GROUNDED THEORY PROCEDURES IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH
Authors:   University of Venda, Chakuzira Wellington , Kadyamatimba Armstrong
Published: December 2020

This paper addresses the problems that a number of qualitative researchers in entrepreneurship studies are faced with. Very often qualitative researchers are confronted with at least three main concerns (1) How can I collect good quality data? (2) How do I analyse such data? (3) How do I select a qualitative research procedure? It is against this background that the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate strategies that researchers can apply when using qualitative methodologies in entrepreneurship research. The value of this work is that it is among the first to encourage an increased application of qualitative methodologies, including the grounded theory approach in entrepreneurship research.
Inga Language and Culture Revitalization in Putumayo, Colombia
Authors: Cross Valerie , Coronel-­Molina Serafín M.
Published: December 2020

Increasing levels of Quechua–Spanish bilingualism and increased use of Spanish within indigenous communities and classrooms have given rise to concern about Quechua language maintenance (Hornberger, 1988, 1998, 1999; Hornberger & CoronelMolina, 2004). The present investigation is preliminary and explores the possibility of bilingual intercultural education to promote Quechua (Inga) language revitalization in the Putumayo region of Colombia. Because of the large role that schooling has played in the language shift process, Inga language revitalization efforts have focused on implementing use of the Inga language in schools. This paper offers suggestions based on research in second language acquisition (SLA), language revitalization, and bilingual intercultural education to improve recent efforts and overcome the many overt and covert challenges that exist to bilingual education implementation in Putumayo, Colombia. This article attempts to bring such forms of resistance to the surface and provide suggestions for overcoming them, in hopes of facilitating the grassroots-initiated language planning goals of culture revitalization and reversing language shift that are already in place.
Students Writing across Cultures: Teaching Awareness of Audience in a Co-curricular Service Learning Project
Authors: Samuelson Beth Lewis , Kigamwa James Chamwada
Published: December 2020

We examine a model for outofschool literacy instruction using language and cultural available designs for teaching awareness of audience across cultures. The literacy model described here engages undergraduate and secondary students in a cross-cultural storytelling exchange and calls for anticipating the needs of young readers who do not share linguistic or cultural backgrounds. We describe the process of helping the writers to understand their Rwandan audience and highlight some of the linguistic and cultural issues that arose in the early drafts and persisted throughout the editing process despite direct feedback. We describe the workshops in which we discussed available linguistic and cultural designs and track some of the responses of the writers. And finally, we examine a story from the third volume for evidence that the writers had addressed the needs of the Rwandan readers in their stories.
Full Volume 2: Working Papers in Literacy, Culture, and Language Education (WPLCLE)
Authors: Coronel-­Molina Serafín M. , Park Jaehan
Published: December 2020

The full issue of WPLCLE, volume 2 (2013).
Book Review: Moving Critical Literacies Forward: A New Look at Praxis across Contexts, edited by Jessica Zacher Pandya and JuliAnna Ávila, New York: Routledge, 2014
Authors: Shah Jennifer K.
Published: December 2020

Review of Moving Critical Literacies Forward: A New Look at Praxis across Contexts, edited by Jessica Zacher Pandya and JuliAnna Ávila, New York: Routledge, 2014.
Book Review: Reading, Writing, and Literacy 2.0: Teaching with Online Texts, Tools, and Resources, K‐8, by Denise Johnson, New York: Teachers College Press, 2014
Authors: Howell Crystal D.
Published: December 2020

Review of Denise Johnson's Reading, Writing, and Literacy 2.0: Teaching with Online Texts, Tools, and Resources, K‐8, New York: Teachers College Press, 2014.
International Student Academic Support: Academic Support given to Chinese International Students from Teachers
Authors: Stewart JesAlana
Published: December 2020

With the large flux of international students attending American universities in order to achieve a higher level of education, it is imperative that these institutions provide sufficient resources to enable them to succeed. The vast majority of these students have had no experience with the western academic system, and they need an academic cultural ambassador to guide them in this setting. The foremost resource in helping these non-native students to navigate academia is the teacher. This study takes a qualitative approach of four case studies of freshman composition instructors of international students in order to develop the perspective of a first line of defense. This research finds many commonalities among the perspectives of these teachers, particularly in how empathic these instructors are towards their non-native students, and it reveals many forms of accommodations that they make in order to help their students succeed. It discovers that from the perspective of these teachers, this particular group of students will only use the resources that they are encouraged to utilize by each individual instructor (even when there are other known services available to them). Furthermore this study calls for more research into the available resources that international students use, more training for teachers who are going to instruct this very diverse population, and it advocates for the development of further resources for the future.
Book Review: The multilingual turn: Implications for SLA, TESOL and bilingual education, edited by Stephen May, New York, NY: Routledge
Authors: Wang Chaoran
Published: December 2020

Review of The multilingual turn: Implications for SLA, TESOL and bilingual education, edited by Stephen May, New York, NY: Routledge.
Demokratisierung von Technikfolgenabschätzung?
Authors: Böschen Stefan , Sigwart Hans-Jörg
Published: December 2020

Technikfolgenabschätzung (TA) öffnet sich gegenwärtig neu für die Beratung demokratischer Öffentlichkeit. Dabei zeigt sich jedoch ein vielschichtiges Positionierungsproblem für TA. Damit TA diese Positionierung transparent vollziehen kann, so unsere These, bedarf es eines demokratietheoretischen Referenzrahmens, in dem die Bezüge zu Öffentlichkeit geklärt werden können. Ein solcher Referenzrahmen kann heuristisch aus den drei Dimensionen politischen Könnens, politischen Wollens und politischen Sollens gebildet werden. Anhand einer Analyse entlang dreier typischer Bezugsformen – Öffentlichkeit als Adressat von TA‑Wissen, als Quelle von TA‑Wissen und als Interaktionspartner – wird aufgezeigt, dass unter Anwendung eines solchen Referenzrahmes TA ein kritisch-reflexives Verhältnis zu Öffentlichkeit einnehmen und so das Positionierungsproblem produktiv lösen kann.
Challenges HR Managers Facing due to COVID-19 and Overcoming Strategies: Perspectives from Georgia
Authors: Gigauri Iza
Published: December 2020

Purpose - The paper aims to clarify the implications of COVID-19 on organizations and Human Resource Management. The study proposes organizational responses to the pandemic, and outlines how to adapt HRM practices to the new normal. It aims to explore how human resource managers support employees and whether top management has a strategic focus on employee wellbeing during the crisis.

Design/methodology/approach - The paper opted for quantitative research method using descriptive research design. The data was collected with the survey. Questionnaires were distributed to the HR managers through the Internet. The response rate is 32%. The gathered data was analyzed through SPSS.

Findings - The research provides empirical insights on the challenges organizations are facing due to the pandemic. It sheds light on the decisions Georgian managers took in times of Covid-19. The paper suggests that changes in HR policies will lead to successfully overcome emerged difficulties with remote working, flexible schedule, and employee wellbeing.

Research limitations/implications - The research results may lack generalizability due to the small amount of participants in the survey. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to conduct future larger-scale research.

Practical implications - The paper includes implications for the development of HRM strategy to adapt to the new reality shaped by the pandemic, and for managing remote working systems considering the employee perspectives.

Social implications - The paper contributes to decisions of policymakers and governments regarding the workforce, and to the society for responding the changes. 

Originality/value - This paper studied the role of HR managers in employee adaptation to the pandemic state, their perceptions towards organizational response to the crisis, and supportive behavior.
SYNERGITY ANALYSIS on LOCAL INSTITUTIONAL Of VILLAGE FUND MANAGEMENT (Case Study on Jungsemi Village, Kangkung District, Kendal Regency, Central Java Province)
Authors: Noor Munawar
Published: December 2020

The problem of this study was how is the synergy of local institutions to manage village funds and what there were the inhibiting / supporting factors for managing village funds for village development. This study was to describe and analyze the synergy of local institutions in the management of village funds and to describe and analyze obstacles and support factors in managing village funds for development.

This research used a phenomenological qualitative approach, because the qualitative approach has characteristics, including: having an actual sett, and the researcher was the key instrument. The data was usually descriptive, emphasizes the process, the data analysis was inductive, and the meaning of each event was essential attention. Data analysis used an interactive model, namely the analysis technique which is an integral cycle between data collection, data reduction, data display and conclusion. 

The synergy of village institutions in Jungsemi Village was well developed because it involved various existing institutions and operated in various sectors of the village funds management, transparency or openness must be built with the community and with existing village institutions
Islam and Statism: At the intersection of the State of Medina, Modern Statism and the Islamic State
Authors: Qureshi Faisal Ahmad
Published: December 2020

Since the Arab Spring and the rise of Islamic State, it has become a topic of discussion whether there can be a state based on Islamic principles or values. This paper argues that in modern times there cannot be a state claiming to be Islamic. So the Islamic State of Iraq and Levant or the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria or simply the Islamic State were all misnomers. After the Hijra in 7th century CE, the short lived State of Medina incorporated some of the Islamic principles and it too did not last long enough so as to appreciate the feasibility of a State that was Islamic. However, this paper doesn’t deny the fact that the States cannot espouse Islam as a directive principle in their state policy or declaration of Islam as the state religion. Nonetheless, it is argued that no state can be Islamic post the peace of Westphalia (1648). Therefore, in the 21st century there cannot be any actualization of  any Islamic State unless the postcolonial history is normatively challenged. The so-called Islamic state that emerged in Syria & Iraq was a coalition of rebel forces and Mujahideen groups that tried to form a caliphate based on Islamic socio-politico and economic principles, however a futile attempt. For any new Islamic State or a caliphate to emerge, the notion of Westphalian demarcation of boundaries stands as the greatest challenge against it.
Analysis of Kogabwilhan II Readiness in Conducting Military Operations and Military Operations other than War, OMP and OMSP
Authors: Deksino George
Published: December 2020

Recently, the development of a strategic environment that changes rapidly and dynamically has a potential threat to the sovereignty of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). To respond to all potential threats and disturbances which could arise, the Indonesian National Army (TNI) carried out a significant organizational transformation by forming new organizational units. Among others are done by forming a joint force of the TNI, namely the Joint Regional Defense Command (Kogabwilhan), which was formed by Presidential Decree Number 27 of 2019 and Regulation of the TNI Commander Number 30 of 2020 as an organization having an important and strategic role in carrying out Military Operations (OMP) and Military Operations Other Than War (OMSP) synchronously. How is the readiness of Kogabwilhan II in organizing OMP and OMSP? This becomes the research question aiming to analyze the readiness of the units in the area of responsibility of Kogabwilhan II such as; Kodam XIII/Merdeka, Kodam V/Brawijaya, Korem 131/Santiago, Koarmada II/Surabaya, Lantamal VIII Manado, Sam Ratulangi Air Base, Lanud Muljono Surabaya and Iswahyudi Magetan Air Base. With a descriptive qualitative research approach using Spradley analysis techniques including place studies, actor studies and activity studies, it was found that human resources (personnel), defense equipment (logistics), software and budget aspects were still limited.
Szkoły bernardyńskie na terenie Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów w latach 1772–1864
Authors: Sitnik Aleksander Krzysztof
Published: December 2020

Between 1772 and 1864, the Bernardines ran in total 46 schools in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Ten of them, at least in certain periods, were high schools (sub-departmental, district, secondary schools). A majority of the schools (24) were managed by monasteries in the Lithuanian Province. The successful development of Bernardine education in this territory should be attributed to the monks’ understanding of the need of spreading educationas well as to the relative political freedom in post-partition Lithuania. For that reason, educational activities could freely develop under the supervision of Adam Czartoryski, the Vilnius district superintendent and in the care of the Vilnius University. The well-developing education system of the Bernardines was destroyed by repressive measures applied by Nikolay Novosiltsev who replaced Czartoryski in 1823, and finally the tragic end of the November Uprising. Education in Podolia and Volhynia could be successfully developed owing to Tadeusz Czacki. The situation was different in the Kingdom of Poland where schooling was subjected to the Commission of National Education and the subsequent education authorities. Despite the hostile attitude towards monasteries, the Bernardines managed to run several schools. The most difficult situation was in Galicia which was incorporated by Austria after the Partitions of Poland and not under the beneficial influence of the Commission of National Education. A majority of Bernardine schools in Lithuania, just like in the Russian Province, survived the November Uprising. However, the subsequent restrictions imposed on political freedom had negative consequences for the standard of teaching. The dissolution of the monasteries put an end to the educational activity of the Bernardines in the five provinces in question. Most of the schools closed down as the monasteries were dissolved.
Społeczne inicjatywy na rzecz organizacji opieki socjalnej nad ludźmi starymi w Królestwie Polskim na przełomie XIX i XX wieku. Zarys problematyki
Authors: Bołdyrew Aneta
Published: December 2020

Lack of a universal pension system in the Kingdom of Poland in the late 19th and the early 20th centuries was one of the factors contributing to the difficult situation of the elderly from non-elite social strata, particularly in the face of insufficient support of the families. The homeless, who often also suffered from diseases, were crippled and begged, found themselves in a particularly difficult situation, men and women alike. Organising institutional social protection and medical care for this group required instant action. The priority was to establish homes for old people and various types of residential homes. This was primarily handled by charities for which medical care and welfare of the elderly were among the most important areas of activity. Old people’s homes were also established by religious communities and individualsas well as institutions operating on a self-help basis.
Detecting and modeling critical dependence structures between random inputs of computer models
Authors: Benoumechiara Nazih , Bousquet Nicolas , Michel Bertrand , Saint-Pierre Philippe
Published: December 2020

Uncertain information on input parameters of computer models is usually modeled by considering these parameters as random, and described by marginal distributions and a dependence structure of these variables. In numerous real-world applications, while information is mainly provided by marginal distributions, typically from samples, little is really known on the dependence structure itself. Faced with this problem of incomplete or missing information, risk studies that make use of these computer models are often conducted by considering independence of input variables, at the risk of including irrelevant situations. This approach is especially used when reliability functions are considered as black-box models. Such analyses remain weakened in absence of in-depth model exploration, at the possible price of a strong risk misestimation. Considering the frequent case where the reliability output is a quantile, this article provides a methodology to improve risk assessment, by exploring a set of pessimistic dependencies using a copula-based strategy. In dimension greater than two, a greedy algorithm is provided to build input regular vine copulas reaching a minimum quantile to which a reliability admissible limit value can be compared, by selecting pairwise components of sensitive influence on the result. The strategy is tested over toy models and a real industrial case-study. The results highlight that current approaches can provide non-conservative results.
Influencia de las escuelas flautísticas en la praxis docente del profesorado superior en España.
Authors: Botella Nicolás Ana María , Escorihuela Carbonell Guillem
Published: December 2020

Las escuelas nacionales de flauta travesera han jugado un papel importante en la generalización de las técnicas y en la creación de métodos que han conseguido ser atemporales y de probada solvencia. El objetivo radica en conocer la influencia e influjos que las diferentes escuelas puedan tener sobre el alumnado, y determinar si realmente hoy en día se pueden acotar dichas doctrinas, producto de un momento determinado y en unas circunstancias de expansión del instrumento. Este artículo se centra en datos obtenidos acerca de la influencia que estas escuelas de flauta ejercen sobre el profesorado superior de flauta. Se observa que todos los docentes aplican métodos de autores de distinta escuela, un 14% dice seguir una, frente al 86% que no se decanta. Así pues, se debe relativizar la influencia de las escuelas flautísticas en la praxis docente del profesorado superior en España, puesto que la acción docente instrumental conlleva una elevada especificidad. Las conclusiones apuntan a que se debe relativizar la influencia de las escuelas flautísticas en la praxis docente del profesorado superior en España, puesto que la acción docente instrumental conlleva una elevada especificidad.
Cardiovascular effects of overt and subclinical hyperthyroidism: focus on differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Links Thera P , van der Boom Trynke , Zandee Wouter T , Lefrandt Joop D
Published: December 2020

Thyroid hormone stimulates cardiac inotropy and chronotropy via direct genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. Hyperthyroidism magnifies these effects, resulting in an increase in heart rate, ejection fraction and blood volume. Hyperthyroidism also affects thrombogenesis and this may be linked to a probable tendency toward thrombosis in patients with hyperthyroidism. Patients with hyperthyroidism are therefore at higher risk for atrial fibrillation, heart failure and cardiovascular mortality. Similarly, TSH suppressive therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. In this review, we present the latest insights on the cardiac effects of thyroid suppression therapy for the treatment of thyroid cancer. Finally, we will show new clinical data on how to implement this knowledge into the clinical practice of preventive medicine.
Hypoxia-reoxygenation treatment attenuates gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hou Xiuzhen , Zhang Junfeng , Ma Hehong , Li Ming , Wang Pei
Published: December 2020

Background

Oxidative stress leads to insulin resistance and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling is an important anti-oxidative stress pathway, which can be activated by hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) treatment. We aimed to demonstrate the effects of H/R treatment on GDM symptoms as well as reproductive outcomes.

Methods

Pregnant C57BL/KsJ db/+ mice were used as a genetic GDM model. Plasma insulin and other biochemical indexes of plasma, insulin sensitivity, glucose intolerance, blood glucose and liver biochemical indexes were evaluated. Protein abundance of HO-1 and Nrf2 were assessed with Western blot.

Results

H/R treatment markedly ameliorated β-cell insufficiency and glucose intolerance, suppressed oxidative stress in vivo, stimulated the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes, and led to improved reproductive outcomes. The beneficial effects of H/R treatment were mechanistically mediated via the restoration of Nrf2/HO-1 anti-oxidant signaling pathway in the liver of GDM mice.

Conclusion

Our study, for the first time, suggests that H/R treatment is a potentially novel therapeutic approach against GDM symptoms, by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and inhibiting oxidative stress.
The manufacture of bleached kraft pulp from persimmon byproducts
Authors: Jo Hae Min , Lee Ji Young , Kim Su Ho , Kim Kyung Min
Published: December 2020

The authors explored the possibility of using persimmon byproducts as raw materials for obtaining kraft pulps. Various unbleached and bleached kraft pulps via pulping and bleaching processes were prepared. Then, their characteristics were determined and compared with those of commercial kraft pulps. For the highest screened yield of persimmon byproduct unbleached kraft pulps, the optimal pulping conditions were a liquid ratio of 5:1, an active alkali concentration of 25%, a sulfidity of 30%, and a cooking time of 3 h. Furthermore, the authors obtained persimmon byproduct bleached kraft pulps (PB-BKPs) with an ISO brightness of 73% via three-stage bleaching using 3% ClO2, 1.5% NaOH, and 3.5% ClO2. Moreover, PB-BKP prepared under optimal pulping and bleaching conditions had physical characteristics similar to those of commercial mixed-hardwood bleached kraft pulp, but with relatively low ISO brightness. Therefore, as raw materials, persimmon byproducts can be used for manufacturing a bleached kraft pulp.
COUNTER-REFORMATION IN GERMANY
Authors: Vasileva Svetlana
Published: December 2020

The article studies the Counter-Reformation process in Germany and the neighboring European ter-ritories in a wider context as a complex of geopolitical, social and religious problems growing in Europe in the 15th and the 16th centuries. The study aims at finding connections between the Reformation processes launched by Martin Luther and the subsequent course of German history during the Counter-Reformation. The article focuses on the situation in Germany against a wider background of the developments in the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. This paper con-tinues the author’s previous article on the German Reformation and Martin Luther’s role in it. It ex-amines the consequences of the Reformation that brought Germany on the edge of a humanitarian disaster in the Thirty Years’ War. The course of the war, as well as its geopolitical causes and con-sequences for Germany and for the whole of Europe are also investigated. The author describes and analyzes a broad historical and political context which determined the circumstances and reasons for many European states’ participation in the Thirty Years’ War, as well as the consequences of the Peace of Westphalia.
Aseguramiento en salud y pensiones de las personas que buscaban trabajo en Colombia en 1997, 2003 y 2012
Authors: Mejía Ortega Luz Mery
Published: December 2020

Objetivo Caracterizar el aseguramiento en salud y pensiones de las personas del área urbana de Colombia que buscaban trabajo en 1997, 2003 y 2012.Materiales y Método Estudio transversal basado en datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Calidad de Vida de 1997, 2003 y 2012.Resultados En 1997 el 57,1% de las personas que estaban buscando trabajo estaban aseguradas en salud; en 2003, el 46,8%; y en 2012, el 72,5%. De los asegurados, en 1997 el 10,2% pertenecían al régimen subsidiado; en 2003 el 40,8% y en 2012, el 74,8%. Los demás, al régimen contributivo, exceptuados o especiales. El aseguramiento en pensiones fue de 1,9% en 1997, 10% en 2003 y 4,5% en 2012.Conclusiones El aseguramiento en salud y pensiones de las personas que buscaban trabajo en Colombia en los años 1997, 2003 y 2012 ha sido limitado, especialmente en pensiones; las políticas públicas actuales y los beneficios derivados para este segmento de la población son insuficientes para asegurar la protección social.
¿Son las mascotas, perro o gato, un factor de riesgo o protector para el desarrollo o exacerbación del asma? Revisión sistemática de revisiones sistemáticas
Authors: Rojas Sánchez Oscar Alberto
Published: December 2020

Antecedentes Estudios previos han mostrado resultados contradictorios de la asociación entre la exposición a mascotas (gato o perro) y asma. La evidencia científica previa no ha sido clara en definir si evitar o permitir la exposición puede prevenir, mejorar o empeorar el desarrollo del asma o de sus síntomas.Objetivo Intentar dilucidar la relación controversial que existe entre la exposición a las mascotas, perro o gato, y su efecto en el desarrollo del asma, o la exacerbación de sus síntomas, tanto en niños como en adultos.Metodo Se realizó una búsqueda estandarizada en cinco bases de datos electrónicas por parte de un evaluador independiente. La muestra final de estudios incluidos en la revisión sistemática de revisiones sistemáticas fue tamizada y sintetizada mediante una tabla maestra. Se realizó una descripción narrativa de los resultados.Resultados En esta revisión sistemática de revisiones sistemáticas se encontró principalmente que tener gato podría ser un factor de riesgo y tener perro un factor protector para el desarrollo del asma. No obstante, la exposición temprana a cualquiera de las dos mascotas (antes de cumplir 2 años) disminuye la probabilidad de desarrollar síntomas de asma y sibilancias en la edad escolar. Además, tener un antecedente de sensibilización a los alergenos de dichas mascotas puede convertirse en un factor de riesgo para la exacerbación del asma, tanto en niños como en adultos.
Los doctorados en los posgrados de Argentina y Brasil
Authors: De la Fare Mónica , Rovelli Laura Inés
Published: December 2020

El artículo indaga las dinámicas recientes de los programas de doctorado en los posgrados en Argentina y Brasil, por lo que se sitúa en el campo temático de los estudios regionales sobre educación superior. El propósito del trabajo consiste en analizar y comparar las principales tendencias de la configuración y desarrollo de los programas doctorales en ambos países en el período 2007-2018. Para ello, se selecciona cuatro dimensiones de análisis: la configuración histórica y regulación del nivel; las características de la oferta y su expansión; la matrícula, graduación e inserción profesional; y el fomento estatal a la formación doctoral. El territorio teórico recupera los estudios sobre educación superior con énfasis en el nivel de posgrado y en la formación de recursos calificados. El abordaje metodológico se inscribe en los estudios comparados en educación y se centra principalmente, en datos cuantitativos. Los resultados sostienen una tendencia convergente en las dinámicas de expansión reciente de los programas y matrículas doctorales en ambos países, aunque se observan contrastes significativos en el plano de la regulación del nivel, la modalidad de la oferta y su interacción con otros subsistemas, cuestión ligada estrechamente con la configuración histórica del nivel y sus políticas.
The complex of medical arrangements, which are used in powerless labor during pathological preliminary period
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Benyuk V. , Nikonyuk T. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

Author represents pathogenetically justified and differentiated comprehensive approach towards treatment of labor powerless concerning the phases of cervix developing during the preliminary period. Worked out method of treatment assists effective labor powerless correction, normalizes fetoplacental blood flow, improves labor outcome and newborn condition. The use of the proposed treatment-and-prophylactic complex provides lactation improvement, flood prevention and septic infection during the post-natal period. Key words: pathologic preliminary period, powerless labor, treatment.