bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Agriculture versus Industry-led Development And their Impacts on Growth and Poverty in Tanzania
Authors: Naho Alexi
Published: January 2024

The government has created several economic plans and institutions to boost agriculture so that it can play its rightful role as the engine of national economic growth. The sector unexpectedly failed to deliver because the attempts did not solve adequately the fundamental problems besetting the sector, namely backward technology and poor management of the set-up institutions. Given the poor performance of agriculture in the past, can it still play a leading role in economic growth once policy makers address the fundamental problems it faces now? The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically the potentialities of the sector in economic development. The paper adopts a Social Accounting Matrix framework to check whether the traditional key role of agriculture in economic development is still relevant. The evaluation of the ascendancy of agriculture over industry relies on the contribution of demand shocks on different sectors to economic growth, alleviation of poverty and equity in Tanzania. Evidence shows that financial support directed at promoting the agricultural sector and agriculture-based processing activities relative to other activities induces the highest economic growth in Tanzania. It also raises the incomes of unskilled agricultural workers, and particularly unskilled female labour. The rural and urban poor families also gain more from the modernisation of the agricultural sector. The results of the analysis lead us to believe that agricultural development strategy yields better-targeted outcomes than industrialization-centred development. Export promotion of agricultural products leads relatively to higher economic growth, greater poverty alleviation, and better equity than emphasis on industrialisation.
Factors Influencing Low Enrolment of Maasai Girls in Secondary Schools in Monduli District, Tanzania
Authors: Lyimo-Macha J. G. , Mosha D. B. , Minde J. J.
Published: January 2024

Provision of equality in education at all levels is central in achieving development in any society. However, this situation is limited in Maasailand due to low response of Maasai parents and girl students towards secondary school education. The problem burdens this community and the nation at large in the provisions of girls’ access to Secondary Education (SE). In spite of government and NGOs efforts to address the issue, the problem is still persisting throughout pastoralist areas. If this situation is not addressed, is a danger of gender inequality in terms of access to education. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine factors causing low response of Maasai parents and girl students towards secondary education in Monduli district, and to generate empirical information on strategies to address the problem.

The study randomly selected a total of 125 respondents who were interviewed using open and close-ended questionnaires. Data collected was coded and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The findings reveal that low response towards SE was influenced by parents’ education, occupation and marital status. Socio-cultural factors such as norms, values and nomadic life also limit access of girls’ SE. Based on the study findings, it was recommended that sensitization programmes, and special policies and strategies that promote girls’ access to education are required to raise awareness on the importance of girls’ education.
Accessibility and Utilization Of Agricultural Information Among Women Farmers: The Case of Korogwe District, Tanzania.
Authors: Mntambo B. D. , Mattee A. Z. , Mhando D. G.
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted in Korogwe district involving 100 women farmers randomly selected from four villages. Household data was collected using a structured questionnaire, and supplemented by interviews for key informants and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used to analyse the data. The findings showed that education, age, extension services, and mass media determine the access and utilization of agricultural information. Furthermore, low production was due to lack of extension services, low education of the respondents, inability to access credit andunawareness of sources of information. Moreover, sources of agricultural information such as extension services, mass media, and farmers’ own efforts have a direct linkage with the accessibility to agricultural information. The study recommends that efforts to increase farmers’ access to agricultural information should be improved. There is a need of improving extension services so as to reach and benefit women farmers. Vugiri ward is located in the highlands that are vulnerable to soil erosion which contributed to poor crop production, hence efforts should be made to introduce soil management practices so as to arrest the situation and increase crop production.
Challenges of Local Community Participation In Decision-Making Over Land for Biofuels
Authors: Kweka Opportuna
Published: January 2024

This article examines how decision to give land to foreign investors for biofuels in four districts of Kisarawe, Bagamoyo, Rufiji, and Kilwa were made. It aims at assessing the extent to which villagers were involved in decision-making. Drawing from literature on decentralization and community participation in decision-making, the article identifies challenges facing community participation in decision-making over land for foreign direct investment in biofuels. Secondly, the article examines participation and accountability of different stakeholders in decision-making. Lastly, it assesses the effectiveness of decentralization of land management in Tanzania in bringing development to local communities. It draws evidence from interviews with villagers, government officials, investors in biofuels, and minutes of village meetings to discuss land acquisition by the investors. The article argues that while many studies on community participation have identified challenges in ensuring community participation in development, there are specific challenges associated with foreign direct investment and land resources. It shows that certain types of development projects such as foreign direct investment, and certain types of resources such as land, demand accountability and governance at different levels of decision-making and not just by the local communities. In this case accountability of the state and the foreign investors is equally important as that of the local community.
Accelerating Progress toward Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010 – 2015: Can Tanzania Inform the Future?
Authors: Karamagi Innocent
Published: January 2024

This paper examines the progress that Tanzania has made toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), and takes a glimpse at issues that will be pertinent for Tanzania in the post-2015 agenda, when the MDGs expire. Whereas goals with regard to primary school enrolment, gender equality, child mortality and containing HIV and AIDS and malaria are indicating to be achievable, goals with regard to poverty, hunger and maternal mortality will not be achieved. It is noteworthy that the progress toward MDGs has been marked by a number of conundrums; persistent inequalities, especially between urban and rural areas; poor outcomes in terms of quality despite meeting output targets; limited links between goals that do not reflect the effects of synergies; and lack of incorporation of vulnerability issues. All these issues as well as MDGs that are yet to be achieved should be at the core of the new development agenda for the post-2015 period.
Efficiency of Botswana Meat Commission: An Empirical Approach
Authors: Nkombeledzi Geraldine , Aikaeli Jehovaness
Published: January 2024

This paper investigates the efficiency status of Botswana Meat Commission (BMC), which is a public company. It employs transcendental logarithmic Stochastic Production Frontier to estimate efficiency, and ordered Logit model to ascertain determinants of the efficiency of BMC. Estimation data for the period of study (1979 – 2009) were accessed from the Bank of Botswana, Central Statistics Office and the BMC. The findings indicate that there were inefficiency in BMC of up to around 22%, and the main reasons for this include material inputs constraints (livestock availability), and insufficient penetration into the global market owing to low exchange rate competiveness. The paper ends with some policies implications to deal with these constraints.
‘Educated But Still Risky’ Understanding High-Risk Sexual Behaviour Of Unmarried University Students in Tanzania
Authors: Rweyemamu Datius
Published: January 2024

This article seeks to understand risk sexual behaviours associated with HIV transmission among university undergraduate students in Tanzania. This analysis is based on 1119 sexually active never-married students (674 males and 445 females).The results show that 27% of university students (37.8% males and 21.3% females) had sexual intercourse with two or more sexual partners in the past 12 months. More male students than female students tended to have non-regular sexual partners (28% males and 17% females); and commercial sexual partners (6.5% males and 2.9% females). At the same time, condom use at higher-risk sexual intercourse is relatively low (46.0% males and 35.5% females). This is over and above the national average for the same age range. The difference by gender was statistically significant except for condom use at higher-risk sex. In addition, age, duration of stay at the university and staying at university facility or not were tested for their statistical significance to involvement in high-risk sexual behaviours. The article concludes that relatively high prevalence of higher-risk sexual behaviours among university students stems from inadequate attention to the notions of masculinity and femininity, which blurs the efforts that have already been obtained on HIV and AIDS interventions. Thus, there is urgent need to intensify HIV and AIDS related interventions among the university community to create awareness of higher-risk sexual behaviours. Further studies could explore the social and cultural contexts that bring about the observed gender differences in high-risk sexual behaviour among male and female university students.
What Determines Labour Force Participation of Tanzanian Women?
Authors: Mkenda Beatrice
Published: January 2024

This paper estimates the determinants of labour force participation of Tanzanian women. It employs data from the 2006 Integrated Labour Force Survey. The key determinants found are: children (they both reduce and increase the odds of participation); age (it increases the odds of participation); marital status of women (it decreases and increases the odds of participation); education level (it increases the odds of participation); the education level of a woman’s spouse (it increases the odds of participation); the employment status of a woman’s spouse (it increases the odds of participation if spouses are in self-employment, but it reduces the odds of participation for other statuses); household income (higher incomes increase the odds of participation, but it reduces the odds of participation for women in lower incomes); and location (it increases the odds of participation for women living in urban areas but reduces the odds of participation for rural women). These findings have implications that can help to increase the participation of women in the labour force. Firstly, education (both for women and their spouses) remains a sure way of increasing the participation of women in the labour market by imparting and enhancing skills for more effective participation in the labour market. Secondly, child-minding programmes for women who are in their childbearing years are important so that having children does not constrain women’s participation in the labour force.
Employee Perceptions of Job Conditions in Explaining Employee Job Satisfaction: A Stakeholder’s Perspective
Authors: Mkamwa Thadeus , Nibengo Nicas , Itanisa Joan
Published: January 2024

This study examines employee perceptions of job conditions in their workplaces in explaining an organisation’s employee-outcomes. It argues that when employees have positive perceptions of various workplace conditions, their attitudes influence their perceived job satisfaction. The study examines the extent to which employees consider important various employment conditions in the workplace and relate these attitudes towards their job satisfaction. It hypothesizes that employees’ perceptions of fairness in workplaces mediate the relationship between perceptions of job conditions and employees’ job satisfaction. Data for employee attitudinal measures was collected by soliciting employee surveys from five different centres of financial and higher education institutions in Tanzania. The study concludes that there is a positive relationship between positive employee perceptions towards employment conditions and perceived job satisfaction.
Impediments to Nigerian Democracy: The Ambivalent Role of Vigilante Groups in Maintaining Security in the Wake of the Boko Haram Insurgence in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Kankara Ibrahim
Published: January 2024

The paper focuses on security efforts of local vigilante groups against the Boko Haram (BH) insurgency in Northern Nigeria. The fight against the BH insurgency is a major source of concern throughout the Nigerian Federation. The use of charms and locally fabricated small arms by the Vigilante and Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF) is a factor in the fight against BH insurgents. Through data obtained from interviews, newspapers and secondary texts, this article analyses the emergence and role of vigilantes in the fight against insurgency. The groups serve as an alternative security in the areas affected by the insurgency. The groups use a variety of locally made charms in their confrontation with the BH. Furthermore, the paper attempts to evaluate role of the CJTF and Vigilante in the fight against insurgency, and the nature of traditional mechanisms use by the local groups in the fight against the BH insurgency. The paper concludes that there is likelihood for the vigilante to pose a danger to the security in the post-war (against insurgency) period.
Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Rangeland Governance in Northern Tanzania
Authors: Kisiaya Saruni
Published: January 2024

The article examines the role of indigenous knowledge (IK) systems in the governance of common-property rangeland resources among pastoral communities in Northern Tanzania. It draws on the political ecology approach to examine the role and state ofindigenous knowledge on rangeland governance in the changing socio-cultural, political and ecological context. It employs qualitative methodology to capture the narratives from the indigenous people. Using purposive (non-probability strategy) technique, the study obtained a sample of 50 interviews and life histories combined, and four focus group discussions from four research sites. Findings indicate that forms of indigenous knowledge—such as rangeland rituals and cosmologies, rangeland zonation, livestock taxonomy, water communism and pastoral mobility—regulate and maintain a harmonious relationship between indigenous people and the wider ecosystem. The article concludes that IK should be recognized as an integral component of local resource governance. Also, indigenous rangeland cooperatives should be formed to help the sustainability of IK systems and settling emerging rangeland disputes.
Population Growth And its Effects on Labour Productivity in Tanzania
Authors: Kahyarara Godius
Published: January 2024

This paper uses macro data to analyse the effects of population growth on economy-wide productivity. Specifically, it looks at how increased labour participation due to change in population size affects productivity. Since labour-intensive technology is dominant in major economic sectors of rural agriculture and urban informal and service sectors, the paper anticipated that an increase in population size would create demographic dividend in the form of increased workforce and higher output per labour. The paper estimates a Cobb Douglas production function using time series data from the censuses of 1967 (12.3m people), 1978 (17.5m people), 1988 (23m people), 2002 (34.4m people), and of 2012 (44.9m people). The results reveal a positive effect of population size on labour productivity, controlling for other production inputs like capital, intermediate inputs, raw materials, and others. The estimated difference in underlying productivity was 30 percent higher in the early 1970s, and peaked in the mid-1970s, reaching 45 percent higher than what we observe in 2012. The paper concludes that there are evidences of positive effects of population growth on the economy through increased output. This calls for the need to consider labour-intensive production when setting up new economic enterprises.
Unveiling the Role of Rural Social Networks in Facilitating Rural-Urban Migration and the Survival of Self-Employed Youth in Iringa Municipality, Tanzania
Authors: Manyerere David J.
Published: January 2024

Youth unemployment is a global challenge but more severe among developing countries such as Tanzania. In addressing the challenge, rural youth resort to migrating to urban areas in search of perceived vast economic opportunities. This paper explores how rural social networks facilitate youth rural-urban migration and migrants' survival in Iringa Municipality. It shows that cooperative values manifested in day to day socio-economic relations among village dwellers nurture long term social networks that are the potential to facilitate youth migration and their survival in urban areas. The paper unveils how earlier migrants support the newcomers to join them and access economic opportunities. They provide fare to travel, hosting assistance and connect them to urban income generation opportunities. As a survival strategy, youth migrants use their rural social relations to form economic groups to work together, exchange information about alternative sources of incomes as well as helping each other when faced with socio-economic crises. However, despite such accrued rural social networks benefits, some youth migrants fail to meet their expectations given urban life challenges as they earn insufficient income to cater for their basic needs. To avoid such urban vulnerability, the paper proposes some suggestions. Before migration, rural youth need to be informed to make proper decisions based on the correct information, and they should work hard while in the urban area to cope with a new working environment.

Keywords:
Data Quality Assessment to Improve Tuberculosis Reduction Program Performance in Coast Region, Tanzania
Authors: Mwaipopo Queen , Lema Godwin
Published: January 2024

Data quality assessment is central in improving program performance. Reducing TB pandemic transmission is challenging in the global south. The success of interventions to address the pandemic depends upon the availability of sound and reliable data. This study applied a mixed research design to investigate the influence of data quality assessment on the performance of TB reduction program. We interviewed staff of several facilities composed of Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) nurse in-charge, and TB coordinators, among others. We reviewed various TB-related documents and used key informant interviews and observation to collect data from selected health facilities. The findings indicated that the performance of the programs can be determined if the data reported meets the five data quality standards, and present accurately what is done at the facility level. Facilities with accurate, reliable and timely data enable the reduction of TB cases through informing adequate treatment to avoid spreading infection to the wider population unlike those with unreliable data. In this study, most of the health facilities data under-reported the number of TB cases, thus leading to poor program performance. We argue that, to improve program performance, data provided from different facilities should meet the five quality standards. The study recommends regular training of DOT nurses and improvement of monitoring and evaluation systems.
Rethinking Physical Access to Healthcare: Aligning Healthcare Facilities with Population in Mbeya City, Tanzania
Authors: William Christopher , Ngowi Kizito
Published: January 2024

Local governments, such as the Mbeya City Council (MCC), desire its citizens to have better physical access to healthcare services as stipulated in the national health policy and the World Health Organization (WHO). The challenge, however, is for the MCC to ensure that physical accessibility to healthcare facilities align with urban planning initiatives and the respective population in the wards. This study employed the Geographical Information System (GIS) and a Location-Allocation model in data analysis. Multiple spatial and aspatial datasets were analysed to establish the current distribution of healthcare facilities, spatial accessibility by the people, population distribution and how physical accessibility to healthcare facilities is reflected in physical planning of urban space. The results show that on average people in the respective wards travel over 15–25km, which is beyond the 5km distance recommended by the WHO. In addition, people spend 30–51 minutes to reach healthcare facilities that are centrally located within the city. Similarly, physical planning of urban space mismatch with actual required people’s accessibility to healthcare facilities. The locations of healthcare facilities and population distribution do not align, implying that there are still demand points that need to be served in the wards. It is concluded that physical planning for the location of healthcare facilities should reflect the population distribution and pace of urbanization of a city to improve access to healthcare facilities. The use of the central place theory in physical planning of the city, when combined with a people-centred perspective in planning for healthcare facilities, would place healthcare facilities in close proximity to the people. It is recommended that new siting of healthcare facilities should consider the distribution of the population in the city. In addition, physical planning of the urban infrastructure and the initiatives to improve accessibility to health must align at local level.
Hadzabe’s Transformation and Livelihood Dynamics: Livelihood Sustainability in the Changing Environment of Yaeda Valley
Authors: Joachim Luhalala , Zahor Zahor
Published: January 2024

This article aims to document the transformation processes that underlie Hadzabes’ foraging system and their implications on their livelihood. A transect-walk study method used targeting 303 households Hadzabe-foragers. Data was collected using household surveys, interviews, FGDs, observation, documentary reviews and community mapping. Analysis of data was done using SPSS (Version 20) and regression analysis. Land use changes were assessed based on change detection in ArcGIS (Version 10.5). Pareto analysis of the 80-20 principle was used to analyse changes that have occurred to the Hadzabe living system. Findings show that 74% of the participants admitted that change is being caused by development in tourism, change in climate, and population increase. Others are policies, laws and acts on resource use and education. Dynamics in Hadzabe were reported to be taking place slowly via agricultural activities, tourism, trade, beekeeping and poultry. Findings also indicate that, with changes, livelihood sustainability is still a problem requiring stakeholders’ cooperation to solve since the environment continues to change. The study concludes that although the stated causes and dynamics have had significant contributions in transforming the Hadzabe, livelihood sustainability is still a challenge as the Hadzabe continue to disengage from foraging by adopting new economies that ensure livelihood sustainability, while living in a changing environment of marginal and shrinking land. Thus, the community should be sensitized on food security so as to develop strategies to handle food storage for future use, especially during adverse weather conditions.
Evaluation of a course for simulation instructors at a Peruvian university
Authors: Shibao Miyasato Hector , Armijo-Rivera Soledad , Casas Bueno Fresia , Sandoval Barrantes Ana Maria , Delgado Guevara Ximena , Gutiérrez Díaz Miguel , Valdivia López Stefany , Villalobos Ulfe Roberto , Machuca-Contreras3 Felipe
Published: January 2024

Introduction: medical education is constantly evolving to respond to the demands of the clinical and social context, and it is of vital importance to design and implement training programs according to the needs of each educational institution for training and improvement of educational services. Objective: to evaluate the satisfaction of the course carried out by the UPCH simulation center using the Kirkpatrick model. Methods: a survey was used at the end of the course and another one after 1 month. All responses were recorded using a Google Forms format. Results: in the General Satisfaction section, 66 % of the participants responded, "Very satisfied".  In the General Evaluation section, regarding the organization of the course, the most voted answer was "very well" with 52 %. Regarding the pre-course bibliography, 54 % of the participants thought it was "Very good". Finally, regarding the facilities where the course was held, 62 % of the respondents indicated that it was "Excellent", 36 % of the participants mentioned the ECOE Module as the part of the course they found most useful. Conclusion: it is recommended to periodically include the clinical simulation teaching methodology course as a requirement for simulation trainer training as well as to continue to implement surveys in order to make changes and improvements through participant feedback.
Modelling and Simulation of the Strength Properties of Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete Specimens
Authors: Smith A. S. J. , Islam G. M. S.
Published: January 2024

The strength performance of UHPFRC with micro and hooked-ends steel fibers was studied in this paper using Finite Element (FE) modelling and simulation. The specimens were modelled in geometry, material, constraints, load and boundary conditions using ABAQUS package and dynamic explicit analysis was used to investigate the crack pattern, failure mode and stress-stain behaviour of the UHPFRC specimens when subjected to uniaxial compression and tension loading. Results from the FE simulation revealed that the surfaces of the UHPFRC specimens were still in good shape after attaining their ultimate resistance against compression and tension loading. The UHPFRC’s ultimate compressive strength of 260N/mm2 was just 7% higher than the experimental compressive strength. The UHPFRC exhibited both linear compressive stress-strain behaviour up to 89% of its peak strength and non-linear stress-strain behaviour with strain hardening and strain softening phases. Further findings also showed that the UHPFRC despite having ultra-high tensile strength did not undergo strain hardening phase as the vertical direction stresses were mainly distributed around the loaded section of the specimen. The FE UHPFRC models’ strength in compression and tension only has slight and negligible variations from the experimental strengths. The deformation and strength performance of the FE specimens are in perfect agreement with the experimental specimens. Therefore, FE modelling and simulation can be used as a reliable method of carrying out extensive studies on UHPFRC properties and performances.
The Impact of E-Commerce on Traditional Markets in Marrakech, Morocco: A Sociocultural Analysis
Authors: Benhaddou Abdelkarim , Fatima El-Mahjoubi
Published: January 2024

This paper explores the impact of E-commerce on traditional markets in Marrakech, Morocco, with a focus on sociocultural dimensions. Examining the challenges and opportunities arising from the global growth of E-commerce, the study delves into the preservation of cultural heritage, community cohesion, and the evolving dynamics of consumer behavior. The analysis includes an overview of E-commerce in Marrakech, emphasizing the need for a balance between tradition and innovation. The conclusion highlights strategic approaches, such as leveraging cultural authenticity and fostering collaborations, to ensure the resilience of Marrakech’s traditional markets in the digital era.
Obstacles to Inclusive Disability Hate Crime Policy Process: Targeting the Cognitively Impaired Elderly Victim Group
Authors: Luo Xinke
Published: January 2024

In England and Wales, Section 146 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 made disability hate crimes legal. This advocated for increased sentencing for perpetrators whose crimes were motivated by or demonstrated hate against a person with a handicap or a perceived disability. Currently, this additional sentencing provision is the only legal option for prosecuting disability hate crime perpetrators. This thesis explores the experience and aftermath of hate crimes committed against England’s cognitively challenged senior victim group. The cognitively challenged elderly victim group is far more likely to face bias and violence; they have a greater likelihood of re-victimisation and suffer significant suffering as a result of hate crimes. To date, the voices of cognitively deficient elderly victims and survivors have been mostly absent from scholarly research and hate crime policies. As a result, the purpose of this article is to look into present policy barriers and how the cognitively challenged senior victim group might best receive support, justice, and interventions following discriminatory hate crimes. There has been little examination and discussion of intersectionality in disability studies and hate crime research. Common ideas fail to adequately reflect the multifaceted, overlapping, and complex experiences of danger and victimisation. This paper builds on studies on hate crimes against the cognitively deficient elderly victim group. It noted the challenge of categorising individual encounters as one type of hate crime. Victims and their relatives recognised that they were targeted for a variety of reasons, including their inability to care for themselves and their age. The study contends that the present strand-based approach to hate crime conceals a multitude of cross-identity characteristics that, when combined, might raise the danger of victimisation while decreasing a victim’s chance of reporting their experiences. To address vulnerability, safety, and hate crime against disabled people in England and Wales’ criminal justice, health, social care, and refuge systems, barriers to including the cognitively impaired senior victim group in the policy process are presented, allowing for targeted suggestions and changes on relevant issues.
Legal Challenges of Digital Copyright Laws in the Circulation of Digital Content
Authors: Vargas Estela Taís , Torres Emília
Published: January 2024

This academic paper thoroughly explores the multifaceted domain of digital copyright laws in Latin America, unraveling the intricacies and dynamics that have unfolded over the past decade. The study delves deep into the legal landscape, highlighting the region’s adaptive response to the swift evolution of technology. It scrutinizes the subtleties of digital copyright laws in selected Latin American countries, conducting comprehensive analyses of Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina. The paper further investigates the intersection between national and international copyright standards, shedding light on the complexities and divergences that emerge. Enforcement challenges take center stage, dissecting the obstacles encountered in combatting digital piracy and the legal mechanisms employed for copyright infringement. The exploration extends to international collaboration and harmonization efforts, evaluating the effectiveness of regional and global initiatives in addressing cross-border copyright issues. The paper concludes by anticipating future trends and offering recommendations for policymakers, content creators, and technology companies. By navigating the intricate interplay between legal frameworks and technological advancements, this paper contributes to a nuanced understanding of the digital copyright landscape in Latin America.
Research on the Practical Effectiveness of Ideological and Political Education in University Archives Museums in the New Era — A Case Study of Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics
Authors: Yang Wei
Published: January 2024

In the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2022, General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed new requirements to “strengthen the country through science and education” and “enhance talent support for modernization.” “Ideological and political education in the curriculum” is a novel method for universities to undertake the national task of “cultivating virtue to educate people” in the new era. Universities provide ideological and political education throughout the entire process, in order to enhance talent cultivation quality. Focusing on the connotation and requirements of “ideological and political education in the curriculum” and combining the logic of archival participation in ideological and political education in curriculum, this research adopted questionnaire surveys to explore the practical effectiveness of ideological and political education in university archives museums in China. The aim of this research was to improve the construction model of ideological and political education in university curricula and enhance the in-depth implementation of “comprehensive education.”
The Impact of Maternity Benefit Policies on Women’s Willingness to Have a Second Child in Shanghai
Authors: Feng Yuhan
Published: January 2024

In 2016, the two-child policy began to be implemented in China. And a maternity welfare policy was introduced at the same time to encourage women to have a second child. As Shanghai is an important city in China, it is essential to study women’s fertility intentions in Shanghai. The analysis of the impact of the fertility welfare policy can also be used as suggestive evidence of policy development. This dissertation analyses the impact of Shanghai’s fertility welfare policy on women’s fertility intentions to have a second children explores how to improve women’s fertility intentions and help implement the comprehensive two-child policy. The analysis found that each of the maternity benefit policies increased the willingness of some women in Shanghai to have a second child. However, some policies do not cover specific aspects that affect the willingness of some women to have a second child. It is recommended that these policies should be improved to increase the willingness of Shanghai women and geriatric mothers to have a second child so that the comprehensive two-child policy can be implemented more effectively.
The Volga Germans’ Confirmation as the Christians’ Lifestyle Evidence
Authors: Shindel S. V.
Published: January 2024

The present paper deals with the confirmation evidence of the Volga Germans in the form of the visual communication artifacts, in which religious meaning has been depicted. The semiotic analysis has identified the structure of the confirmation documents in the symbolic space. The structure contains a number of similar grounds or markers and indicates the formation of the Volga Germans’ confessional culture. The religious ceremonies’ transmission and the traditional forms’ reconstruction by the Lutheran community in «the alien environment» were based on the existential nature, contributed to the preservation of the Russian Germans’ ethno cultural image, to the ethnic identity functioning and to the national consciousness determination. Having resettled to the vast Russian expanses and to the Volga region in particular and being isolated from their homeland, the Germans built their mode of life in accordance with the traditional religious way of life. Lutherans did their best in perpetuating every stage of the Christians’ lifestyle, the Lutheran confirmation texts detecting it easily. The preserved extant examples of the confirmation evidence maintained personal data of each believer. The quotations from the Bible, the Psalms, the lines from the pastor’s sermon, the verses of the anthems and chants, the Biblical stories paintings have been found in the symbolic space under research. Thus, he confirmation evidence has been proved to comprise Lutheran confessional culture markers on the verbal, artistic, musical levels in the symbolic space of the visual communication.
Constitutional and Legal Foundations for Ensuring the Unity of the Peoples of Russia as a Traditional Spiritual and Moral Value
Authors: Zametina Т. V.
Published: January 2024

The approval of the foundations of the state policy for the preservation and strengthening of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values has actualized the issues of their legal formalization. The applied scientific methods were dialectical, systematic and formal-legal methods that contributed to the identification of the features of the legal regulation of the analyzed concept of “the unity of the peoples of Russia”. The analysis of regional legal acts testifies to the diversity of legal regulation in the sphere of national policy. In the course of the study, it was found that the legal formulations “unity of peoples” and “the unity of a multinational people” do not quite coincide, the unity of peoples is defined as a goal, task, priority for the implementation of national policy in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and there is both “territorial” and a nationwide approach to the regulation of this issue. State unity, being the constitutional principle of Russian federalism, acts as an organizational condition for ensuring the unity of the peoples living on the territory of the Russian Federation.
Redistribución fiscal y desigualdad del ingreso en las sociedades del Ecuador en el 2022
Authors: Arellano Montalván Esteban Alfonso , Alejandro Lindao María Fernanda
Published: January 2024

Este artículo evalúa el desempeño redistributivo del sistema tributario ecuatoriano, del cual surgen tres conclusiones: los impuestos y las transferencias modifican las desigualdades de ingresos entre los individuos; el impacto redistributivo del sistema tributario es fundamental para una economía, porque si se aplica correctamente promueve el crecimiento económico, mientras que, si la distribución del ingreso está mal focalizada, genera estancamiento y recesión; y se obtiene una importante redistribución fiscal a través de transferencias. Por lo tanto, la administración tributaria debe centrarse en reformas tributarias equitativas que fomenten una redistribución tributaria adecuada aumentando el volumen de recursos disponibles para transferencias y una mejor focalización tributaria.
Impact of Digital Transformation on Internal AuditAn Applied Study on The Egyptian Central Bank
Authors: El-Sayed El-Araby El-Adely Mohamed , Ahmed Qadri Mona , Moharam Algarhy Farid
Published: January 2024

The world is currently witnessing a widespread digital revolution, which is having a profound impact on all aspects of life, including the financial sector. In this context, digital transformation has become a necessity for financial institutions, including banks. This research aims to test the impact of digital transformation technologies on the internal audit function and financial inclusion in Egyptian banks. To achieve this goal, a field study was conducted on a sample of Egyptian government-owned commercial banks. The study found that there is a strong impact of the application of digital transformation mechanisms in banks on the development of internal audit procedures, through the following: (a) Improvement of the efficiency and effectiveness of internal audit activities: Digital transformation technologies help to analyse data faster and more accurately, which contributes to the faster and more effective detection of potential risks. (b) Increased transparency and accountability: Digital transformation technologies help to provide easier and faster access to financial and administrative information, which contributes to the enhancement of transparency and accountability in financial institutions. (c) Support for achieving financial inclusion: Digital transformation technologies help to provide banking services in a simpler, faster, and more efficient manner, which contributes to achieving financial inclusion.
Keywords: Digital transformation, banking sector, Egyptian Central Bank
Developing the Balanced Scorecard to Assess Investment Risks in Islamic Banks: The Yemeni Environment as a Model
Authors: Abdo Saif Al-Buraihi Riyad , Khalifa Abdel Mawla Nasser , Hamdi Al-Awadi Muhammad
Published: January 2024

this research aims to provide a Proposal Approach to developing a balanced scorecard for the use of assessing investment risks in Islamic banks. The researchers focused on the risks that are unique to Islamic banks from traditional banks, represented by the risk of the rate of return, the displaced commercial risk, the Fiduciary risk, Al- shari’a non-compliance risk, and the risk of investment in capital. To achieve this, the researchers relied on applying the Proposal Approach for three Islamic banks in Yemen due to the availability of their data in the annual reports. The results showed that there is a deficiency in the assessment of investment risks in Islamic banks with regard to the risks the Islamic banks are unique for, such as risk of the rate of return , the displaced commercial risk, the Fiduciary risk, Al- shari’a non-compliance risk, and the risk of investment in capital, It focused its attention on common risks between Islamic and commercial banks, such as credit risks, market risks, liquidity risks, and operational risks. The results also showed an effective role for the balanced scorecard in assessing investment risks in Islamic banks, which enhances the role of risk management in controlling and monitoring of the investment risks and taking appropriate procedures to reduce these risks to the acceptable levels.
Keywords: Investment Risks, Risk Assessment, Balanced Scorecard.
Reviewing The Impact of International Financial Reporting Standards and Audit Committee on The Financial Reporting Quality.
Authors: Khalaf Alshammari Mohammed
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this review article is to examine the impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) along with audit committee on the financial reporting quality. The theoretical and experimental studies that were conducted were reviewed to determine whether the quality of financial reports had improved or not in a number of countries across the globe. This study emphasizes the importance of the results of previous accounting research studies that show the effectiveness of adopting IFRS and the audit committee in improving the quality of financial reporting, with specific exceptions in some cases. This review article recommends researchers and interested academic and professional bodies to research and shed light on the independent variables and understand their impact on the quality of financial reports by expanding the field of research, especially in those countries that have new experience in adopting international financial reporting standards. Such scientific research would help professional bodies and decision makers identify the advantages and limitations of applying international accounting standards and governance practice such as audit committees. The study also recommends conducting several literature reviews in this field to highlight additional important and influential factors in increasing the quality of financial reports.

Keywords: IFRS, audit committee, Financial Reporting Quality.
Pelayanan Penumpang di Darat dan di Laut Cepat Express Bahari II C Pada PT. Pelayaran Sakti Inti Makmur Palembang
Authors: Geeta Fedriani  , Safrina Merry , Apriana Maya
Published: January 2024

Kebutuhan akan sarana transportasi dikota Palembang dari waktu kewaktu terus mengalami kenaikan akibat semakin banyaknya kegiatan-kegiatan yang membutuhkan jasa trasportasi terutama angkutan penyeberangan sehingga bertambah pula intentitas pengerakan antar pulau di kota Palembang. Seiring meningkatnya penduduk, maka dituntut tersedianya angkutan penyeberangan yang melayani antar pulau dan telah memenuhi syarat kelancaran, kenyamanan dan keamanan. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Prosedur Pelayanan Penumpang di darat Dan di kapal Cepat Express Bahari II C Pada PT. Pelayaran Sakti Inti Makmur Palembang. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa terdapat alur proses pelayanan penumpang di darat dan di kapal express bahari, yang mana perusahaan  melayani transprotasi kapal yang memiliki tujuan dari Palembang ke Mentok. Dengan adanya beberapa prosedur yang dilakukan mulai dari prosedur tiket sampai ke kapal sesuai dengan standar operasional perusahaan (SOP) dan sudah dijalani dengan baik oleh pihak perusahaan.
The External Control of Organization; A Resource Dependence Perspective (The Book Review)
Authors: Febrianti Devi , Oktarini Kurnia Widya , Firza Edy
Published: January 2024

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengulas dan mengekstrak salah satu buku Pfeffer dan Salancik, The External Control of Organization; A Resource Dependence Perspective. Buku ini memberikan pencerahan tentang berbagai konsep dasar organisasi. Terdiri dari beberapa koalisi (kelompok kepentingan); lingkungan hidup diasumsikan mempunyai berbagai sumber daya yang langka dan berharga; kekuasaan yang diperoleh dengan menguasai atau menguasai sumber daya; organisasi yang terafiliasi dengan pihak lain untuk mengurangi ketidakpastian ketersediaan dana; Organisasi dapat mengubah lingkungan melalui peraturan, norma, dan hukum. Kami menemukan bahwa kendala eksternal yang mempengaruhi organisasi dapat memberikan wawasan bagi pembaca untuk merancang dan mengelola organisasi dalam menghadapi berbagai hambatan eksternal yang muncul. Unit analisis dalam ketergantungan sumber daya adalah organisasi, dan pengendalian atau pengendalian atas sumber daya mengukur keberhasilannya. Kritik-kritik dalam buku ini disajikan sebagai bentuk pengembangan dan pemahaman terhadap implikasi empiris konteks organisasi saat ini. Kritik tersebut antara lain pendefinisian lingkungan, keterhubungan, Pfeffer, dan model politik Salancik, serta berbagai strategi yang diusulkan.
Gudina Tumsa’s Approach to Human Rights: a Dialogue between Anthropology and Christology
Authors: Zewde Estifanos Tesemma
Published: January 2024

I shall present Rev. Gudina’s approach to the crucial issue of human rights.  Put rightly, the very phenomenon that marks that particular period in Ethiopian history was the Marxist [-Leninist] ideology. Marxism emphasized social and economic issues more than anything to the extent of seeing human beings but in terms of this internal logic. Knowing the dangers of this socio-economic view of human beings, Rev. Gudina developed an approach to understanding of human nature from an informed [theological] anthropological perspective. Based on his theological-anthropological analysis of human nature he developed a stance on human rights. But theological anthropology was not the only starting point of Rev. Gudina’s perspective on human rights. In this paper, I shall discuss that Rev. Gudina’s approach to human rights was the result of his creative holding of a dialog between theological anthropology and Christology.
The Challenge of African Churches in the Ecumenical Discussion with Special Reference to Ethiopia
Authors: Wilson Sarah Hinlicky
Published: January 2024

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