bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shell size distributions, land use, and water quality relationships of a freshwater apple snail Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822) in Maninjau Lake, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: TAKARINA NOVERITA DIAN , SOEPROBOWATI TRI RETNANINGSIH , KOMALA PUTI SRI , SUBEHI LUKI , WOJEWÓDKA-PRZYBYŁ MARTHA , NURDIN DJABANG
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Takarina ND, Soeprobowati TR, Komala PS, Subehi L, Wojewódka-Przyby? M, Nurdin D. 2023. Shell size distributions, land use, and water quality relationships of a freshwater apple snail Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822) in Maninjau Lake, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5478-5484. The freshwater apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822), is a common mollusk in lake ecosystems, including Maninjau Lake, West Sumatra. Despite its presence in Maninjau Lake, the information about its shell size, land use, and water quality variable relationships is very limited. This paper aims to study how the land use surrounding the lake and water quality variables can affect the shell size distributions of P. canaliculata. The samples were collected from several locations representing the varieties of land uses, including settlements, paddy fields, forest covers, and river mouths, along with water quality variables. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and validated by Tukey's post hoc test to analyze differences among locations. Pearson’s correlation test was used to analyze the relationship between shell size and water quality variables. The results show that the differences in land use and water quality variables affected the variations of shell length (P < 0.05, F = 4.925) and width (P< 0.05, F = 12.369) of P. canaliculata. The average shell length was 2.709 cm and 2.022 cm for the width. The large shell size was observed in settlement land uses (P< 0.05), and the small shell was observed in forest and paddy field land uses (P< 0.05). The water near settlement land uses was characterized by high temperatures, while colder water was observed in forest and paddy field land uses. Pearson’s test confirms that increases in shell length and width were correlated with increases in temperature and dissolved oxygen.
Bat diversity and its distribution in Mount Gutom Protected Landscape, Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines
Authors: LAMA JOE MERFURT N. , CABALLERO ELBERT B. , MONDEJAR EDDIE P.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Lama JMN, Caballero EB, Mondejar EP. 2023. Bat diversity and its distribution in Mount Gutom Protected Landscape, Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines. Biodiversitas 24: 5495-5502. Bats play an indispensable role in the balance of the ecosystem in their habitats, which range from the seaside to mountains, caves, and rivers. This study surveyed the flying mammals of Mt. Gutom Protected Landscape, Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines, on April 12-23 and December 7-20, 2022. Mist netting was used to sample bats at the four sampling sites, with a total sampling effort of 126 net-nights. A total of eight species (n=330 individuals) representing two families was recorded. This includes Lesser Dog-faced fruit bat (Cynopterus brachyotis), Philippine Dawn bat (Eonycteris robusta), Philippine Pygmy fruit bat (Haplonycteris fischeri), Harpy fruit bat (Harpyionycteris whiteheadi), Dagger-toothed long-nosed fruit bat (Macroglossus minimus), Greater Musky fruit bat (Ptenochirus jagori), Lesser Musky fruit bat (P. minor), and Horsfield’s myotis (Myotis horsfieldii). The Lesser Dog-faced fruit bat (Cynopterus brachyotis) was the most abundant species in Mt. Gutom, with relative abundance of 40.91% (n=135 individuals). Mt. Gutom also supports endemic species, with 62.5% endemicity, and a Vulnerable species (Eonycteris robusta) was documented only in Site 2 (a mixed secondary dipterocarp forest). Moreover, sampling site 3 (secondary dipterocarp forest) recorded the highest abundance (RA=44.24%) and species diversity index (H’=1.376) among the four sampling sites. The results suggest that Mt. Gutom supports a diverse species of bats and conservation measures are needed to protect the remaining habitats in the area.
Molecular screening of local Indonesian rice to identified resistant varieties against brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) attacks
Authors: PUSPITO AGUNG NUGRROHO , ROZZITA NOOR , TIGARA MELLFANI RHAMADINDA NENDRA , PUTRA SATRIA ISKANDAR DINATA , HARTATIK SRI , PURNAMASARI IKA , UBAIDILLAH MOHAMMAD
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Puspito AN, Tigara MRN, Putra SID, Rozzita N, Ubaidillah M. 2023. Molecular screening of local Indonesian rice to identified resistant varieties against brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) attacks. Biodiversitas 24: 5503-5512. Brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) is a significant pest in rice (Oryza sativa L.), resulting in a yield loss of around 20-80%. Environmentally friendly control involves looking for potential resistance in local Indonesian rice, because it’s naturally resistant to pests and diseases and has several tolerant mechanisms for dealing with stress. However, the resistance potential of local rice has not been widely studied, so it is necessary to carry out screening to identify the resistance possessed by local Indonesian rice and continue with molecular analysis to validate the presence of brown planthopper resistance genes. This study aimed to determine the possible resistance level of 24 Indonesian local rice varieties to brown planthopper pests. The research was conducted at the Agrotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember. In June-November 2022. This research included screening using the third instar nymph brown planthopper, preference testing to analyze the preference level for each local rice variety and molecular analysis using six BPH markers (RM 247, RM 6869, RM 19291, g12140-2, RM 3331, and RM 5479) with the MAS technique. The results showed that in the preference test, Lahoten, Fatuk Masin, and Sukamandi had a higher preference value than other local Indonesian rice. In the screening, the average local rice with very resistant criteria is Leukat Medan, while those with moderately vulnerable criteria are Sukamandi. In the molecular analysis of local Indonesian rice, the Aek Sibundong variety had the most resistance, while the Kapuas and Sukamandi varieties had the least resistance.
Taxonomic and functional diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrate from natural forest as reference for streams health indicators in Lasolo Watershed, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: NASARUDDIN NASARUDDIN , SABARUDDIN LAODE , ANALUDDIN KANGKUSO , SUDIA LA BACO
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Nasaruddin N, Sabaruddin L, Analuddin K, Sudia LB. 2023. Taxonomic and functional diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrate from natural forest as reference for streams health indicators in Lasolo Watershed, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5523-5538. Macroinvertebrates are known to play a crucial role in nutrient recycling and serve as valuable stream degradation indicators. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the structural and functional diversity of macroinvertebrate communities as a reference for stream health indicators in tropical Sulawesi, Indonesia. Spatial sampling using a multi-habitat method was conducted between September 2021 and March 2022 in five streams connected to natural forest and three from drainage areas in dryland farming. Data on forest cover, physical-chemical variables, and macroinvertebrate samples were collected, while the species richness and diversity trends across streams were analyzed using individual rarefaction curves. In addition, the composition of macroinvertebrate functional group was also evaluated. The results showed that 2474 individuals belonging to 77 genera were recorded throughout the area. We found a reduction in taxa composition by comparing the reference and impacted stream at the genus, family, and order levels with approximate values of 83.1%, 74.07%, and 55.6%, respectively. At least seven significantly different potential metrics that differentiated between reference and the impacted ecosystem were found, including the number of family taxa (#family), the number of insect taxa (#insect), the number of Ephemeroptera-Plecoptera-Trichoptera taxa (#EPT), the number of scraper taxa (#scraper), as well as Shannon-Wiener diversity, Simpson Evenness, and Margalef Richness index. These metrics offer a strong method for assessing land use change and their impact on freshwater biodiversity, emphasizing the importance of conservation efforts in the ecosystem.
Factors affecting movement pattern of Sumatran elephant in Air Rami Production Forest, Bengkulu, Indonesia
Authors: LAKSMITHA NADYA , SANTOSA YANTO , Rahman Dede Aulia
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Laksmitha N, Santosa Y, Rahman DA. 2023. Factors affecting movement pattern of Sumatran elephant in Air Rami Production Forest, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5539-5546. The decline in the quality and quantity of elephant natural habitat is a trigger factor for human-elephant conflict and results in a decrease in the elephant population. Research related to movement and habitat factors determining elephant movement is important to obtain information that can be used as a basis for conflict management and mitigation in the long term. We analyzed collared GPS data from a female adult elephant (n=1) in Air Rami Production Forest with recordings from November 2020 to August 2022. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the Sumatran elephant’s daily movement distance and movement period with habitat factors. The data obtained were analyzed using multiple regression analysis with tested variables, including secondary forest land cover, altitude, slope, distance from water sources, settlements, roads, and daily movement distance/movement period. The results showed that secondary forest land cover, slopes, movement period, distance from water sources, settlements, and roads influence the elephant's daily movement distance. Meanwhile, the relationship between the movement period is only influenced by slopes, distance from settlements and roads, and daily movement distance. Our study further provides information recognizing the preferred habitat factor of the Sumatran elephant, which gives stakeholders an essential tool for conservation.
Carrying capacity estimation and habitat suitability of Sumatran elephant in Datuk Gedang Wildlife Corridor, Bukit Tigapuluh Landscape, Jambi, Indonesia
Authors: FIKRI NAUFAL , RAHMAN DEDE AULIA , SANTOSO NYOTO
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Fikri N, Rahman DA, Santoso N. 2023. Carrying capacity estimation and habitat suitability of Sumatran elephant in Datuk Gedang Wildlife Corridor, Bukit Tigapuluh Landscape, Jambi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5548-5557. Rapid land use changes, including deforestation and land conversion into human areas, lead to the fragmentation of Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) habitat. This study aimed to assess food capacity and determine habitat suitability for Sumatra elephants in Datuk Gedang Wildlife Corridor Bukit Tigapuluh Landscape. The research was conducted from January to May 2023. Data on potential, productivity, and carrying food capacity were collected with a direct method in the field with vegetation analysis. Carrying capacity estimation is based on data on productivity, land cover area, proper use, and Sumatran elephant food needs in a day. The habitat suitability model used the present coordinate point data from the GPS collar period of January-December 2022 with eight environment variables. The data were then analyzed for the build Sumatera Elephant habitat suitability model using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm. We recorded 95 species of the potential Sumatran elephant food. The total feed productivity is 1,032,740.722 kg/ha /day and the carrying capacity is 258 elephants. There were three models of habitat suitability categories: high 4,238.66 ha (7%), medium 8,522.34 ha (14%), and low 11,130.36 ha (18%). The studied landscape can adequately accommodate the current population of Sumatran elephants depending on landscape governance (policy and spatial planning) outside conservation areas.
Tillage systems affect soil nitrogen availability and interact growth parameters of different faba bean cultivars
Authors: AL-ENEZY AHMED F. M. , ZAIDAN BASIM A. , ALMEHEMDI ALI F. , HUSSEIN ALAA A. , SALIH MUSTAFA ABED AL-JABBAR
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Al-Enezy AFM, Zaidan BA, Almehemdi AF, Hussein AA, Salih MAA. 2023. Tillage systems affect soil nitrogen availability and interact growth parameters of different faba bean cultivars. Biodiversitas 24: 5558-5564. A field trial was conducted during the winter season of 2021-2022 in one of the agricultural lands of Hamid Shaban village, which belongs to Abu Ghraib District of Baghdad Province (33°17'51.3"N, 44°04'55.0"E). The aim of the experiment was to investigate nitrogen availability in two different tillage systems and the growth characteristics of six broad bean varieties on clay-loamy soils. The field trial was triplicated using the Randomized Complete Block (RCBD) method. The first factor was the six broad bean varieties (Turkish, Dutch, Italian, Spanish, American and local), the second factor was the cultivation system Conservation Tiltage (no-till) and the traditional cultivation with a mouldboard plow. The results showed that the availability of nitrogen in the soil in the traditional tillage system corresponds to the superior to conservative tillage systems. Where this gives an average available nitrogen concentration of 23.3 mg kg-1, an increase of 21 in relation to conservation tillage, which resulted in an average concentration of available nitrogen of 19.1 mg kg-1. In addition, all the growth characteristics of the plants favored the traditional agricultural system. In the variety comparison, the Italian variety was characterized by the highest nitrogen content available in the soil of 26.10 mg kg-1 as well as the highest values ??of plant growth properties among the six varieties.
Effect of genotype by environment interactions on quality parameters and grain yield of durum wheat
Authors: BOUCHETAT FAWZIA , GHANAI RAFIKA , HIMOUR SARA , BOUAROUDJ SARA , BENFKIH LEILA ALLAL
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Bouchetat F, Ghana R, Himour S, Bouaroudj S, Benfikh LA. 2023. Effect of genotype by environment interactions on quality parameters and grain yield of durum wheat. Biodiversitas 24: 5565-5571. Two experimental trials were conducted at different bioclimatic levels, with the aim to investigate the effect of genotype x environment (Gx E) interaction on grain yield and technological parameters of eight durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) varieties. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block with three replications. The results showed a high Gx E effect on the expression of all evaluated traits. Varieties V4 and V1 with respectively, (24.95 q/ha and 24.73 q/ha) exhibited the highest average yield values across targeted environments. Averaged over the variety main effect, a significant difference of 42 q/ha, in favor of a humid environment, came out for yield. Varieties V3 (84.1 kg/hl) and V6 (83.36 kg/hl) demonstrated the best average specific weight values ??per hectolitre. Similarly, V2; V3; V5 and V7 had the highest rates of black point, while V2 shawled resistance to vitreous kernels (4.33 %). The V3 variety was strongly resistant to grain scalding (2.16 %). The highest levels of protein content were obtained in V6 and V4 (13.38 %; 13.3 %). Varieties: V3; V6 and V1 expressed the best wet gluten content (27.7 %; 26.15 % and 26.13 %). Indeed, the results obtained indicate that each variety is expressed by a particular behavior in relation to environmental diversity.
Seed micromorphology of tribe Desmodieae (subfamily Papilionoideae, family Leguminosae) from Thailand with its taxonomic implications
Authors: SAISORN WITSANU , SUDDEE SOMRAN
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Saisorn W, Suddee S. 2023. Seed micromorphology of tribe Desmodieae (subfamily Papilionoideae, family Leguminosae) from Thailand with its taxonomic implications. Biodiversitas 24: 5572-5585. The seed micromorphology of 21 genera and 58 species of the tribe Desmodieae in Thailand was studied. The result showed that the shape of the seed can be ellipsoid or transversely ellipsoid, irregular, oblongoid, quadrangular, rectangular, reniform, rhomboid, subcircular, and triangular. An oblongoid shape is restricted to the genus Sohmaea; the seeds’ length, width, and thickness are 0.94-5.93 mm, 0.78-3.65 mm, and 0.39-1.92 mm, respectively. The testa color can be light green to green, yellow, light to dark brown, or black. Testa patterns can be classified into nine types: colliculate, colliculate-rugulate, fissured, pitted, reticulate, reticulate-reticulate, reticulate-rugulate, rugulate, and smooth. The rim-arillate aril can be thin, thick, or well-developed. This tribe is classified into three groups based on aril types. Group I: a thin rim-arillate type is restricted to Akschindlium godefroyanum. Group II: a thick rim-arillate type is found on the seeds of the most studied plants. Group III: a well-developed rim-arillate type is a taxonomic characteristic of Codariocalyx. The overall shape of the rim-arillate aril is subcircular, circular, subcircular-elliptic, elliptic, elliptic-oblong, and oblong. An oblong shape of the rim-arillate aril is a unique character for Grona heterophylla compared to other species within Grona.
[RETRACTED] Short-term dynamics and growth parameters of cyanobacteria and microcystins in freshwater from the Sidi-Yacoub dam, North-east of Algeria
Authors: BOUDJELLAB ZINE EDDINE , GHANNAM MAYA , CHAIB NADJELA , CHEKROUD ZOHRA
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Boudjellab ZE, Ghannam M, Chaib N, Chekroud Z. 2023. Short-term dynamics and growth parameters of cyanobacteria and microcystins in freshwater from the Sidi-Yacoub dam, North-east of Algeria. Biodiversitas 24: 5598-5609. The study aimed to establish the inventory of the blue-green algae species and monitoring the monthly evolution of their specific and total cell biovolume in Sidi-Yacoub dam, located northwest of Algeria from February 2021 to January 2022. At the same time, a monthly assessment of particulate and dissolved microcystin concentrations, chlorophyll pigment concentrations, and certain physicochemical parameters has been conducted. Eight species were listed, cited in descending order of their average relative abundance are: Microcystis aeruginosa (54.05%); Oscillatoria limosa (23.68%); Merismopedia sp. (8.34%); Anabaena cylindrica (3.53%); Aphanizomenon sp. (2.41%); Microcystis botrys (2.66%); Woronichinia sp. (2.95%) and Chroococcus limneticus (2.34%). The maximum value of the total biovolume, was recorded during December (27.4x106 µm3.L-1). The maximum concentration of chlorophyll-a and phycocyanin were respectively 55.26 and 47.46 µg L-1, recorded in September 2021. The microcystins detected where mainly in the cell-bound form, reaching a maximum concentration of 0.134 µg L-1 in October 2021. The principal component analysis shows a strong positive correlation between the total monthly cell biovolume, particulate microcystin (MCP) and some physicochemical parameters. M. aeruginosa has been identified as the primary producer of microcystins found in the eutrophic waters of the dam, with these microcystins being predominantly maintained in an intracellular form throughout most of the year.
Activity of nanoemulsion botanical insecticides from Myristica fragrans and Jatropha curcas essential oil against Sitophilus zeamais
Authors: NURYANTI NI SILUH PUTU , BUDIARTI LINA , DULBARI DULBARI , SUTRISNO HERY , SUDRAJAT DENNY , YURIANSYAH YURIANSYAH , PRIYADI PRIYADI , RAHMADI RIZKY , ROCHMAN FAJAR , SARI EVI YUNITA , MAHARANI JUWITA SURI
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Nuryanti NSP, Budiarti L, Dulbari, Sutrisno H, Sudrajat D, Yuriansyah, Priyadi, Rahmadi R, Rochman F, Sari EY, Maharani JS. 2023. Activity of nanoemulsion botanical insecticides from Myristica fragrans and Jatropha curcas essential oil against Sitophilus zeamais. Biodiversitas 24: 5610-5617. Maize weevils also known as Sitophilus zeamais, are primary pests that decrease in the quality and quantity of grain products. This study aimed to examine the impact of nanoemulsion formulas of Myristica fragrans and Jatropha curcas essential oils on S. zeamais adults. The investigation focused on the toxicity, ability to inhibit population growth, intensity of damage caused, and effect on seed weight loss. The essential oils were extracted using the distillation method, and the toxicity was tested through contact, fumigant, and seed dressing. A probit program was used to analyze the toxicity level (LC50 and LC95). The results showed that M. fragrans essential oil had the highest toxicity in contact treatment and the lowest when applied via fumigation. Furthermore, this method shows an LC50 value for the contact method of 0.53% and fumigation of 1.01%, while the LC95 value is 4.38% and 10.60% respectively. Based on the LC95 botanical insecticide from J. curcas, all three methods were toxic to S. zeamais adults, with contact being the highest, followed by seed dressing, and fumigant, at 5.23, 6.44, and 19.94%, respectively. The botanical insecticides derived from M. fragrans essential oil through contact provided the best inhibitory activity on population development, intensity of damage, and seed weight loss, with values of 18.00, 16.81, and 13.96%. Plant-based pesticides not only cause pest mortality but also maintain seed quality by reducing weight loss, intensity of pest attacks, and inhibiting the development of pest populations in storage.
The identification of potato genotype diversity based on morpho-agronomy and nutritional traits in the highland areas of Papua, Indonesia
Authors: PRABAWARDANI SARASWATI , YOGI DARMA J. , MAWIKERE NOUKE L. , GARI NI MADE , NOYA ALCE I. , TABERIMA SARTJI , DJUUNA IRNANDA AF , LUHULIMA FIONA D. N.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Prabawardani S, Yogi DJ, Mawikere NL, Gari NM, Noya AI, Taberima S, Djuuna IA, Luhulima FDN. 2023. The identification of potato genotype diversity based on morpho-agronomy and nutritional traits in the highland areas of Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5137-5145. Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are a potential food crop in terms of economic value and food security, and, therefore, its development must be considered. The missionaries introduced several potato genotypes from 1959 to the 1960s in Papua; however, this area has not been widely studied. This research aimed to identify the agro-morphological characteristics and analyze the tuber nutritional traits of potato genotypes. The research was conducted in Mimin Village, Oksop Sub-district, Pegunungan Bintang District of Papua Province, Hungku Village, Anggi Sub-district, Pegunungan Arfak District of West Papua Province. The research in both locations was designed using a descriptive method, and the samples were collected based on the random sampling technique. There were 2 potato genotypes found in Mimin (KM-O and KP-O) and 5 in Hungku (KM-A, KH-A, KP-A, KB-A, and KT-A) with quite diverse traits, particularly in tuber components. With several prominent morphological characters, potato genotypes from Hungku (KM-A, KBH-A, KT-A) produced the highest yields (0.8 kg/plant). Based on the agro-morphological and nutritional characteristics, it shows the formation of two main clusters with a dissimilarity index of Squared Euclidean Distance ranging from 6.112 to 46,643. Cluster one consisted of genotypes KM-O, KP-O, KM-A, and KH-A, and cluster two consisted of KP-A, KBH-A, and KT-A genotypes, and the dissimilarity mainly lies in the yield and nutrient characters. Based on the nutrient analysis, the highest dry matter content was found in KH-A. The highest starch content was in KP-O and KBH-A, and the highest reducing sugar was in KM-A. The potato genotype with the lowest reducing sugar content was KP-A. Each potato genotype shows various agro-morphological and nutritional characteristics that can be used as a basis material for plant breeding.
Genetic and morphological diversity of various corn lines for the determination of waxy corn (Zea mays var. ceratina) parents
Authors: PANGESTU DIMAS AGUNG , SUTJAHJO SURJONO HADI , RITONGA ARYA WIDURA
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Pangestu DA, Sutjahjo SH, Ritonga AW. 2023. Genetic and morphological diversity of various corn lines for the determination of waxy corn (Zea mays var. ceratina) parents. Biodiversitas 24: 5643-5652. Genetic diversity is the first step in plant breeding programs. Information about genetic diversity is essential for commodity development to run well, and crop improvement can be more focused. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and performance of various genotypes of waxy corn. A total of 18 genotypes of waxy corn were grown using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance, estimation of the genetic parameters, broad-sense heritability, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variances, and cluster analysis were carried out in this study. The results showed differences in qualitative and quantitative characters between the genotypes of the tested waxy corn. The characters of plant height, ear height, stem diameter, number of leaves, tassel length, ear weight, and number of seeds per row had a high heritability and genetic coefficient of variance. This result indicates that those traits have a high variability among genotypes. Cluster analysis based on qualitative and quantitative characters divided 18 genotypes of waxy corn into three main clusters with similarity 18.34%. The main characteristics that divide the 3 clusters include ear weight with husk, ear length, ear length with kernels, stem diameter, plant height, and ear height. Based on the cluster analysis results, it was suspected that the F1 hybrid resulting from crossing genotypes JPM-1-5-9 with JPS-13-6-5-5 was a hybrid that could produce the best ear character.
Isolation, phylogenetic analysis and bioprospection of myxobacteria from Vietnam
Authors: NGOC YEN NGUYEN THI , DUONG DINH CHUNG , NGUYEN THI KIM HONG , NGUYEN PHUONG CHAM , VO THI NHAN , DINH THI LAN LINH , NGUYEN LE BAO NGOC , NGUYEN MINH THAI , NGUYEN DINH NGA , NGUYEN TU ANH
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Yen NTN, Chung DD, Hong NTK, Cham NP, Nhan VT, Linh DTL, Ngoc NLB, Thai NM, Nga ND, Anh NT. 2023. Isolation, phylogenetic analysis and bioprospection of myxobacteria from Vietnam. Biodiversitas 24: 5653-5663. Myxobacteria have been considered microbial factories for producing secondary metabolites that have a variety of potential biological actions for discovering and isolating new biological molecules. Myxobacteria were isolated from soil samples collected in some provinces/cities in Vietnam. The purified isolates were identified based on morphology, biochemical test and phylogenetic analysis inferred from 16S rRNA gene. High-throughput screening assays including 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DDPH) for antioxidant properties and microdilution for antimicrobial activity were performed with myxobacterial extracts. Compounds from potential strain were predicted using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Forty-three myxobacterial strains were isolated and classified into seven genera of Angiococcus, Archangium, Chondromyces, Corallococcus, Cystobacter, Melittangium, and Myxococcus. The extract from CT21 strain had the highest total antioxidant activity (IC50 = 52.34 ± 1.47 and 30.28 ± 0.74 ?g/mL for the DPPH and ABTS, respectively). It is worth noting that all strains isolated myxobacterial strains show inhibitory activity against at least one of the tested microorganisms. The most potent antimicrobial strain was Myxococcus stipitatus GL41, which inhibited all tested microorganisms, and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were 1 ?g/mL against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), Streptococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of althiomycin - the polyketide antibiotic from ethyl acetate fraction. In the present study, myxobacteria were isolated from soil sample collected from Vietnam, analyzed phylogenetically, and screened for biological activities.
Diversity and abundance of mud crabs (Scylla spp.) living in mangrove forest ecosystems on Serangan Island, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: SWASTA IDA BAGUS JELANTIK , MURNI IDA AYU AMARILIA DEWI , AMELIA JASMINE MASYTHA
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Swasta IBJ, Murni IAAD, Amelia JM. 2023. Diversity and abundance of mud crabs (Scylla spp.) living in mangrove forest ecosystems on Serangan Island, Bali. Biodiversitas 24: 5664-5670. The mangrove forest ecosystem on Serangan Island contains dozens of types of aquatic fauna, including mud crabs from the Scylla genus (Scylla spp). The objectives of this study were to obtain the variety and abundance of mud crabs and to determine the variety and abundance of mangroves on Serangan Island after the reclamation. This study's results are expected to make all parties aware of the ecological impact of reclamation activities on the coast. Data on mangrove diversity was collected through observation during a field survey. At the same time, samples of mud crabs were caught randomly using traps (rakang) of as many as 20 units set proportionally around Serangan Island. The fishing gear (rakang) is placed in the afternoon at 18.00, then taken in the morning at 06.00 to see the trapped mud crabs. The data on the diversity and abundance of mud crabs were processed to obtain a diversity index using the diversity index formula (H') from Shannon Wiener and quantitative and qualitative descriptive. The results showed that there are three types of mud crabs around Serangan Island, namely Scylla serrata (47.8%), Scylla olivacea (30.4%), and Scylla tranquebarica (21.8%) with a diversity index (H' ) of mud crabs was 1,047. Scylla serrata has the highest prevalence of 35%, followed by Scylla olivacea (25%) and Scylla tranquebarica (10%). The mangrove community on Serangan Island consists of 6 species, namely Rhizophora apiculate, Rhizophora stylosa, Ceriop tagal, Sonneratia alba, Avicennia lanata, and Brugierra gymnorhiza.
Diversity of root bacterial community associated with seven orchid species from Mount Merbabu National Park, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: PANGASTUTI ARTINI , PITOYO ARI , SUSILOWATI ARI , MEISARI RIZKA , YULIANA IRVY , AULIA KHATSANATUL , PUSPITASARI LIANA PUTRI , RUSIANI RUSIANI , PRASOJO HENDRO
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Pangastuti A, Pitoyo A, Susilowati A, Meisari R, Yuliana I, Aulia K, Puspitasari LP, Rusiani, Prasojo H. 2023. Diversity of root bacterial community associated with seven orchid species from Mount Merbabu National Park, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5676-5684. Indonesia has a high diversity of wild orchids. One of the orchid habitats that has not been widely explored is Mount Merbabu National Park (TNGMb), Central Java, Indonesia. The dependence of orchids on specific microorganisms for survival and growth, especially during early development, has not been widely studied. Endophytes, such as bacteria, can help the host plant grow, tolerate stress, resist disease, acquire nutrients, or form symbiotic relationships. However, bacterial endophytes associated with orchids have not been extensively explored. This research examined the diversity of bacteria associated with orchid roots in Mount Merbabu National Park using a culture-independent method. Seven orchid species were sampled for root bacterial community analysis, that identified as Spathoglottis plicata, Dendrobium sagittatum, Malaxis kobi, Apendicula alba, Pholidota carnea, Dendrobium tenellum, and Bulbophyllum compressa. Bacterial diversity in all orchid roots was high, with several dominant bacterial species. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteriodota, and Actinobacteriota were the four most abundant phyla, with Proteobacteria having the highest abundance (37 to 90%) in all samples. The top ten bacteria genera were Pseudomonas, Serratia, Rhodanobacter, Acinetobacter, Escherichia, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Parabulkholderia, Faecalibacterium, and Muribaculaceae family that could not be identified at the genus level. Overall, 61, 42, 838, 98, 78, 973, and 1383 OTUs were unique to S. plicata, D. sagittatum, M. kobi, A. alba, P. carnea, D. tenellum, and B. compressa, respectively, whereas all seven species shared 335 OTUs. Our research suggested that environmental factors and the host plant's genetics affect the plant microbiome's composition and diversity. These elements might be essential for ecosystem function and conservation.
Podia histology and ultrastructure of tropical sea cucumber Phyllophorus sp. (Phyllophoridae) and Colochirus quadrangularis (Cucumaridae) from Madura Strait, Indonesia
Authors: WINARNI DWI , ERIDIANTI SIFERA ANGGITA , SUHARGO LISTIJANI , KHALEYLA FIRAS , WIRAWATI ISMILIANA
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Winarni D, Eridianti SA, Suhargo L, Khaleyla F, Wirawati I. 2023. Podia histology and ultrastructure of tropical sea cucumber Phyllophorus sp. (Phyllophoridae) and Colochirus quadrangularis (Cucumaridae) from Madura Strait, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5685-5692. Phyllophorus sp. and Colochirus quadrangularis are sea cucumber species found in Madura Strait, East Java, Indonesia. Both species possess distinctive podia structures, which are protrusions on their body walls resembling spines. These structures serve as tube feet for movement (ventral podia) and sensory organs (dorsal papillae). This research aimed to compare the podia structures of Phyllophorus sp. and Colochirus quadrangularis. Five samples of each species were collected from the Madura Strait. Histological slides were prepared for the papillae (dorsal) and podia (ventral) on the anterior, median, and posterior body sections. Simultaneously, an examination of the ultrastructure was conducted using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Analysis revealed differences between the podia of the two species. Phyllophorus sp. papillae had semi-flat tips, were non-suckered (SFNS), and exhibited squamous to short columnar epithelia, while their tube feet had flat tips, were non-suckered, and had columnar epithelia. Papillae were denser than tube feet. Conversely, C. quadrangularis papillae were pointed and non-suckered (PNS), and tube feet were flat and non-suckered (FNS). Notably, ossicle-dense areas in C. quadrangularis papillae had a pyramidal shape. In summary, the histology and ultrastructure of podia in these species displayed significant differences, highlighting their unique characteristics. They also imply to the adaptation biology of sea cucumber in Indonesian waters.
Used macroinvertebrates as bioindicators to compare water quality from different land uses in Watumokala and Nokambu Rivers, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: KAHIRUN KAHIRUN , BASRUDIN BASRUDIN , SIWI LA ODE , INDRIYANI LIES , BANA SAHINDOMI , SUDIA LA BACO , ERIF LA ODE MUHAMMAD , MIDI LA ODE , MAULINA NUR , JAMALUDDIN NURLIN
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Kahirun, Basrudin, Siwi LO, Indriyani L, Bana S, Sudia LB, Erif LOM, Midi LO, Maulina N, Jamaluddin N. 2023. Used macroinvertebrates as bioindicators to compare water quality from different land uses in Watumokala and Nokambu Rivers, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5693-5708. Macroinvertebrates are animals that live in waters, both on the surface of the water, in riverbeds attached to substrates or mud, and in several biotypes, which are used as bioindicators of water quality due to anthropogenic disturbances that can change land use around rivers. This study aimed to describe the physicochemical parameters and macroinvertebrate community in the Watumokala and Nokambu rivers in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, and to compare the water quality in the two rivers based on ecological index measurements. This study used a survey method at the upstream, middle, and downstream sampling locations for each river with different land use. Data collection on macroinvertebrates and physicochemical parameters was carried out at each station in each river. The data analysis carried out in this study was to calculate the Shannon-Wienner diversity index, species abundance index, uniformity index, Margalef richness index, and the Family Biotic Index (FBI). The results of this study indicated that in the Watumokala River, there were 17 families from 9 macroinvertebrate orders with an abundance of 1852 individuals, more than in the Nokambu River where 14 families were found from 8 orders with an abundance of 904 individuals. There is an influence of land use habitat on macroinvertebrates in the Watumokala and Nokambu Rivers. In the Watumokala River station 1 and station 3 are similar and have a significant correlation with several indicators indicating that the water quality is still good, while at station 2 there is a positive correlation with physicochemical parameters which indicates that the water quality is slightly polluted. Likewise, in the Nokambu River, at station 1 and station 2, there are similarities and significant correlations between physicochemical parameters and macroinvertebrate communities in providing indicators that water quality is still good, while station 3 shows a significant correlation with physicochemical parameters and macroinvertebrates as indicators of water quality polluted. So, the results of this research are useful in efforts to manage land and water in rivers that are experiencing pollution.
Effect of endophytic entomopathogenic fungal conidia and blastospores induced in maize plants by seed inoculation on Spodoptera frugiperda immune response and mortality
Authors: SARI JELLY MILINIA PUSPITA , HERLINDA SITI , SUWANDI SUWANDI , ELFITA ELFITA
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Sari JMP, Herlinda S, Suwandi S, Elfita. 2023. Effect of endophytic entomopathogenic fungal conidia and blastospores induced in maize plants by seed inoculation on Spodoptera frugiperda immune response and mortality. Biodiversitas 24: 5709-5717. Endophytic entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) can produce conidia and blastospores; however, the pathogenicity of conidia and blastospores inoculated in plants on Spodoptera frugiperda larvae is limited. This research aimed to detect the effect of the endophytic entomopathogenic fungal conidia and blastospores induced in maize plants by seed inoculation on S. frugiperda's immune response and mortality. A total of 10 isolates of endophytic EPF were used in this experiment. The study revealed that 9 days after treatments, S. frugiperda larvae consuming maize leaves inoculated with blastospores of endophytic entomopathogenic fungi; their hemocyte concentration did not show any significant differences between the fungal treatments and control. However, 1 up to 7 days after treatments, the concentration significantly differed from the control. Furthermore, B. bassiana JgSPK, JaGiP, and JaSpkPGA(2) isolates tended to be the most pathogenic compared to other isolates. Feeding on leaves colonized by endophytic EPF could reduce the larval and pupal weight of S. frugiperda. The percentage of S. frugiperda non-emergence pupae from larvae-eating maize leaves colonized with B. bassiana JgSPK and JaGiP isolates was significantly higher than other fungal treatments and the control. The endophytic entomopathogenic fungal conidia and blastospores inoculated in maize plants by seed inoculation have a lethal effect on S. frugiperda larvae. However, exposure to conidia and blastospores did not reduce or increase the hemocyte concentration in the larvae hemolymph of S. frugiperda.
Abundance and factors affecting the appearance of Siamese fireback and Red junglefowl in the lowland forest of Thailand
Authors: SUKMASUANG RONGLARP , CHAISOMBOON PHRAEMAI , PAANSRI PAANWARIS , TRISURAT YONGYUT , KANKA PEMIKA , KHIOWSREE NORASET , KAEWDEE BUNYATHIPORN , SIRIPATTANUKUL KITTIWARA , CHANKHAO ANDAMAN
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Sukmasuang R, Chaisomboon P, Paansri P, Trisurat Y, Kanka P, Khiowsree N, Kaewdee B, Siripattanukul K, Chankhao A. 2023. Abundance and factors affecting the appearance of Siamese fireback and Red junglefowl in the lowland forest of Thailand. Biodiversitas 24: 5718-5730. Pheasants are indeed important species in various ecosystems. Studies of the abundance and factors influencing the presence of pheasant species have been conducted in the lowland areas of the Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand, using camera trapping and species distribution models. A total of 23 factors, 2 bio-physiological, 2 geophysical, and 19 climate factors, were used to analyze in this study. The study revealed the presence of only two species of pheasants in the surveyed area, namely the Siamese fireback (Lophura diardi) and the Red junglefowl (Gallus gallus). The encounter rates were calculated as 1.74 photos per 100 trap nights for the Siamese fireback and 2.28 photos per 100 trap nights for the Red junglefowl. The factors influencing the presence of both Siamese fireback and the Red junglefowl were climate factors followed by biophysical and topography factors, respectively. The study's results highlight the importance of climate factors to the appearance of the pheasants, even in lowland areas. The results showed that the both pheasants responded more positively to the secondary forests, the grassland followed by dry dipterocarp forest than to other forest types. Therefore, conservation efforts to protect the areas inside are crucial for conserving the species' population.
Distribution and ranging area of elephant in Simpan Panti Forest, Kota Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia
Authors: HASSAN NURUL HAZIRAH NOR , Mohamad Abdullah Nazirah , NORAZLIMI NOR ATIQAH , Saaban Salman , YAZI MUHAMMAD FADLLI AB
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Hassan NHN, Abdullah NM, Norazlimi NA, Saaban S, Yazi MFA. 2023. Distribution and ranging area of elephant in Simpan Panti Forest, Kota Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 24: 5731-5738. Home range estimation is one of the most used animal ecology studies using a Geographic Information System (GIS). One adult female Asian elephant (Elephas maximus Linnaeus, 1758) was fitted with a telemetry satellite collar African Wildlife Tracking (AWT) to determine its home range size distribution through its ranging behaviour and to identify the relationship between the GPS collar location record and the area covered. The home range estimation was determined using GPS collar location data from a satellite telemetry system and analyzed by using the Minimum Convex Polygon methods. GPS collar location data were obtained from the Department of Wildlife and National Parks (DWNP). The movement of elephant data was overlayed with the land use data of the Simpan Panti Forest (Hutan Simpan Panti), Kota Tinggi District, Johor, Malaysia before being exported to ArcGIS Pro software. The ArcGIS Pro software can estimate this Asian elephant home range sizes by using the MCP method for twelve months, from 1 June 2019 until 31 May 2020. The total home range size is 447.17 km². Home range size is estimated to be 31.77 to 303.86 km² in one year. The size of this home range has presumably been impacted by extensive human activities such as highways and settlement areas. So, good and strong management is needed to control this conflict for humans to live in harmony in one area and protect the remaining forest reserve area from expanding to agricultural activity and human development areas.
Morpho-physiology and metabolite content of Cosmos caudatus Kunth. and yellow and orange Cosmos sulphureus Cav.
Authors: SALEH ISMAIL , AZIZ SANDRA ARIFIN , MELATI MAYA , ANDARWULAN NURI
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Saleh I, Aziz SA, Melati M, Andarwulan N. 2023. Morpho-physiology and metabolite content of yellow and orange Cosmos sulphureus Cav. and Cosmos caudatus Kunth. Biodiversitas 24: 5739-5746. Cosmos sp., known as kenikir in Indonesia, is an underutilized vegetable commodity. Cosmos sulphureus Cav.  (C. sulphureus), with orange and yellow flowers, is commonly found as an ornamental plant. C. sulphureus can also be used as vegetable crops, although the Cosmos species widely used as a vegetable is Cosmos caudatus Kunth. (C. caudatus). This study investigated the growth, shoot production, primary and secondary metabolite content, and antioxidant activity of yellow and orange C. sulphureus and C. caudatus. This experiment was arranged using a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with one factor: Cosmos species (yellow and orange C. sulphureus and C. caudatus) with six replications. The result showed that plant height, leaf number, and branch number were not significantly different among the three Cosmos studied; however, the shoot weight per plant of orange C. sulphureus was significantly higher than the others. The antioxidant activity and phenol content of C. sulphureus were lower than that of C. caudatus. Meanwhile, crude fiber, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and carotenoid content were not significantly different among the three kinds of Cosmos. Orange C. sulphureus could be a functional vegetable, although its antioxidant activity is lower than C. caudatus.
Diversity of endophytic bacteria in different tissues of sengon (Falcataria moluccana)
Authors: DEWI MUSTIKA , RAHMAWATI NOOR , RUMIDATUL ALFI
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Dewi M, Rahmawati N, Rumidatul A. 2023. Diversity of endophytic bacteria in different tissues of sengon (Falcataria moluccana). Biodiversitas 24: 5747-5756. Endophytes are endosymbionts, usually bacteria or fungi, that live inside plants without causing disease. Endophytes are available in all plant species and play a role in enhancing plant resistance to insects, pathogens, and herbivores, increasing host growth, nutrient uptake, and increasing plant tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought. The endophyte's ability to do all that is a result of the production of biological components or secondary metabolites, which may be the result of co-evolution or genetic transfer between endophytic microorganisms and host plants. In this study, the isolation, characterization and identification of endophytic bacteria from several different plant organs of sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes) was carried out using the plant piece method in nutrient agar medium, and identification of selected isolates was carried out based on 16S rRNA. 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that 31 endophytic bacterial communities were successfully isolated from various parts of the sengon tree. Bacteria isolated from the stem were 3 strains, bark 7 strains, leaves 11 strains, and galls 10 strains. Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis showed that the endophytes on the stem were Curtobacterium citreum and C. luteum, respectively. The endophytic bacteria on the bark are C. herbarum, C. luteum, C. pusillum, C. citreum and Azotobacter chroococcum. The endophytic bacteria on the leaves are A. chroococcum, C. citreum, C. herbarum and Lysinibacillus sphaericus. The endophytic bacteria in the gall are Enterobacter ludwigii, Kosakonia radicincitans, Citrobacter gizzii and Erwinia endophytica.