bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
V Readings in memory of V.T. Lisovsky: Materials of Readings (Moscow, December 17, 2021)
Authors:   Institute for Demographic Research of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Rostovskaya Tamara K.
Published: December 2021

Сборник материалов V Чтений памяти В.Т. Лисовского включает доклады и статьи ведущих и молодых ученых, аспирантов по исследованиям социальных проблем молодежи в условиях пандемии, поиску современных подходов к выработке молодежной политики на федеральном и региональном уровнях. Сборник представляет интерес для специалистов в сфере молодежной, семейно-демографической политики, научно-образовательного сообщества, исследователей в области социальных наук.
Teoria Ator-Rede (TAR) como alternativa à superação das dualidades presentes nos estudos de comportamento informacional
Authors: Andrade Eduardo Augusto de , Marques Rodrigo Moreno
Published: December 2021

Introdução: No campo dos estudos de usuários da informação, a mudança do paradigma centrado no sistema para o centrado no usuário da informação trouxe aspectos individuais e cognitivos das atividades informacionais para o primeiro plano. Esse ponto de vista foi criticado por abordagens sociais emergentes por negligenciar aspectos sociais e de contexto. Esse movimento gera tensões entre investigadores que adotam posicionamentos focados na centralidade no usuário, ou no contexto ou em alguma posição intermediária entre os dois polos, o que inevitavelmente interfere nos resultados de suas pesquisas. Objetivo: O artigo objetiva analisar a Teoria Ator-Rede (TAR) como uma alternativa às polaridades reducionistas presentes no campo de estudos de usuários. Metodologia: A análise foi realizada por meio de revisão bibliográfica sobre estudos de usuários, comportamento informacional e TAR. Resultados: O estudo revela uma abordagem diferenciada no rastreamento de atividades informacionais ao considerar que usuários da informação, sejam eles individuais ou coletivos, continuamente trocam propriedades em um mesmo plano, sem a referida polarização ou a busca por posições intermediárias. Conclusões: O artigo apresenta a TAR não apenas como uma alternativa coerente, mas oportuna para a apreensão de fenômenos informacionais contemporâneos.
A Qualitative Study on Secondary School Teacher’s Perceptions of Stunting in Majene District, West Sulawesi Province
Authors: Patimah Sitti , Sundari Sundari , Arundhana Andi Imam
Published: December 2021

Background: Stunting remains a major public health problem in Majene, Indonesia. School-based nutrition education is an effective strategy to reduce the prevalence of stunting in all settings. The teachers are the key to implementing the strategy in order to improve the students’ behavior and nutritional status.Purpose: The study aimed to explore the teachers’ perceptions about stunting.Method: A qualitative case-study approach was employed using two focus group discussions in four secondary schools. The study participants were teachers of biology, physical education and health science, and religious subjects or supervisor of school extracurricular activities. A total of 22 teachers were interviewed following the guidelines and were recorded using a camera and tape recorder. The transcription process was done using an inductive-interactive model.Result: The perceptions of teachers about stunting are varied. It might be due to teachers’ knowledge, value, and experiences, which also diverged. One teacher perceived that stunting is a mismatch between the child's weight and age, while another perceived genetics as the main cause. Interestingly, a teacher perceived that stunting is related to religion. Prayer has function as a spirit in creating a mindset towards food and drinks. Likewise, the prevention of stunting is also through worship and prayer during pregnancy. Low cognitive skill and productivity, illness, and detrimental to the state are the common impacts of stunting. In addition, teachers also mentioned that there are several agencies involved in the stunting intervention programs, including BPOM.Conclusion: There were variations of teacher perceptions about stunting definition, causes, impacts, prevention, and implementers of stunting programs.
Kualitas semen sapi pejantan berdasarkan umur, suhu, dan kelembaban di Taman Ternak Pendidikan Universitas Airlangga
Authors: Brillianti Febby Fairy , Srianto Pudji , Sardjito Trilas , Suprayogi Tri Wahyu , Triana Indah Norma , Rahardjo Dadik
Published: December 2021

This research was conducted at the Teaching Farm of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, to know the effect of age, temperature, and humidity on the quality of semen of bulls which are turned into frozen semen. This research uses fresh semen samples of bulls of various ages grouped into 3 groups, young, middle age, and old groups and measures temperature and humidity during the storage process. Fresh semen is collected using an artificial vagina and then examined macroscopic and microscopic tests which is then checked for post thawing motility. Data analysis uses Analysis of Variants (ANOVA) followed by Duncan. The results showed that the percentage of spermatozoa motility of fresh semen and post thawing differed and age affected the quality of semen produced. There was no effect of temperature and humidity when processing of collecting semen. Bull’s semen at Teaching Farm Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Airlangga University has good quality and is suitable for Artificial Insemination.
REB’s statistical series: surveys of agricultural enterprises
Authors: Aukutsionek S. , Batyaeva A. , Dyomina N. , Egorov A. , Matveev A.
Published: December 2021

The article presents unique data on the Russian agricultural sector, which has been gathered by the Russian Economic Barometer for almost 30 years. There is published statistics reflecting the attitude of the heads of agricultural enterprises towards the economic policy of the government. There are presented data revealing the degree of importance for the agricultural producers of various factors limiting production and capital investments.
Yükseköğretimde Uzaktan Eğitim Sürecinde Olumlu Sınıf Kültürü Yaratılmasına Yönelik Nitel Bir Araştırma
Authors: AYGÜN Bahar , ULAK Huseyin
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, çevrimiçi öğretim uygulamalarını kullanarak derslerini çevrimiçi sınıflarda yürüten öğretim elemanlarının çevrimiçi ortamda olumlu sınıf kültürü yaratılmasına ilişkin görüşlerini alarak değerlendirme yapmak ve uygulayıcılar için öneriler geliştirmektir. Araştırma, nitel araştırma modellerinden durum çalışmasıyla desenlenmiştir. Çalışma grubu, bilgi açısından zengin olduğu düşünülen kişilerin seçilmesi ve derinlemesine araştırılmasına olanak sağlayan amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme yoluyla belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, 2020-2021 eğitim öğretim yılında Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’nde bulunan özel bir üniversitede görev yapan 12 öğretim elemanından oluşturulmuştur. Veriler, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığıyla yapılan yüz yüze görüşmeler ile toplanmıştır. 309 dakika 23 saniyelik ses kaydı analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde Nvivo R1 orijinal programı kullanılmış ve tematik kodlama yapılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular incelendiğinde öğretim elemanlarının çevrimiçi öğretim ortamlarını gerçek sınıf ortamı olarak görmediği, bu durumun sosyal öğrenme ortamını ortadan kaldırdığını ve öğrencilerin sosyal etkileşimi kaybetmesinden dolayı insani değerlerde de azalma olduğunu düşündükleri tespit edilmiştir.
Dampak Kebijakan Billing System Penebusan Pupuk Subsidi di Provinsi Lampung
Authors: Ibnu Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Billing System Penebusan Pupuk dapat dianggap sebagai kebijakan dan/atau terobosan baru dalam sistem distribusi pupuk subsidi di Provinsi Lampung. Walaupun mempunyai potensi untuk mengatasi permasalahan penyaluran pupuk subsidi, dampak aktual kebijakan tersebut belum dikaji secara ilmiah, terutama di tingkat petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan (1) bagaimanakah dampak Kebijakan Billing System pada kuantitas penggunaan dan harga pupuk subsidi di tingkat petani? dan (2) bagaimanakah dampak Kebijakan Billing System pada produksi padi petani? Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2020 sampai dengan Februari 2021. Total responden berjumlah 314 orang petani padi yang disurvei secara acak sistematis di Kabupaten Lampung Timur, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan, dan di Kota Metro. Evaluasi dampak dilakukan dengan teknik Propensity Score Matching (PSM) yaitu metode kuantitatif yang kredibel untuk mengoreksi bias seleksi dan bias variabel-variabel lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Billing System secara signifikan meningkatkan penggunaan rata-rata Pupuk Urea dan menurunkan harga rata-rata harga Pupuk Urea dan SP36 di tingkat kelompok tani. Namun, Billing System belum berdampak signifikan pada rata-rata produksi padi petani. Salah satu implikasi temuan penelitian adalah Billing System memiliki berpotensi mengatasi masalah distribusi pupuk subsidi di Lampung, namun peningkatan kapasitas kelembagaan petani masih sangat diperlukan.
Kelayakan Usahatani dan Strategi Pengembangan Pala Banda di Pulau Damer
Authors: Woriwun Rosdianawati , Kakisina Leonard O. , Timisela Natelda R.
Published: December 2021

Pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt) dikenal sebagai tanaman rempah yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi dan merupakan tanaman serbaguna karena setiap bagiannya dapat dimanfaatkan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pendapatan, kelayakan usahatani dan strategi pengembangan pala di Pulau Damer. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret-Mei 2021 di Pulau Damer (Desa Kehli dan Desa Wulur, Kecamatan Damer). Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi dan studi kepustakaan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive sampling) berdasarkan ketentuan besarnya populasi petani yang membudidayakan tanaman pala banda. Berdasarkan rumus Slovin untuk populasi dan tingkat kesalahan 15% maka diperoleh sampel sebanyak 40 petani di Desa Wulur dan 32 petani di Desa Kehli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usahatani pala banda di Pulau Damer menguntungkan sehingga layak untuk dikembangkan. Hasil analisis SWOT dan QSPM menunjukkan bahwa strategi yang diprioritaskan dalam upaya pengembangan pala Banda adalah peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia petani pala dan petugas PPL. Strategi prioritas ini penting dilakukan dengan program pengendalian hama dan penyakit tanaman melalui identifikasi, pengawasan dan pengendalian hama dan penyakit tanaman, pelatihan pengendalian hama dan penyakit tanaman bagi petani dan petugas PPL.
Model of pulsating current traction motor taking into consideration magnetic losses in steel
Authors: Goolak S. , Riabov Ie. , Tkachenko V. , Sapronova S. , Rubanik I.
Published: December 2021

The aim of the work is to develop a mathematical model of the traction motor of the pulsating current of an electric locomotive taking into account the magnetic losses in the motor steel to determine the starting parameters depending on the voltage of the armature winding. Methodology. Mathematical modeling of electromagnetic processes in a traction motor of pulsating current is applied taking into account the nonlinear nature of the armature inductance, the inductance of the excitation winding and the nonlinear nature of the universal magnetic characteristic. The magnetic losses in the steel of the traction motor were taken into account by establishing the dependence of these losses on the frequency of reversal, the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit of the motor and the geometric dimensions of the motor. Results. The mathematical model of calculation of starting parameters of the traction engine of the pulsating current of the traction drive of the electric locomotive of alternating current taking into account the equation of instantaneous value of losses in engine steel is developed. The dynamic characteristics of the traction motor with pulsating current are obtained. It allows to investigate starting parameters of the traction engine on the basis of the received mathematical model and to design elements of the traction drive of the electric locomotive according to the specification, to choose optimum design parameters. Originality. For the first time a comprehensive study of the pulsating current traction motor was carried out taking into account the nonlinear nature of the armature inductance, excitation winding inductance and nonlinear nature of the universal magnetic characteristic and taking into account the magnetic losses in the motor steel. Practical significance. The model of the traction motor of pulsating current taking into account losses in steel of the engine on the basis of the carried-out calculation is developed. Experimental studies have confirmed the adequacy of the model, which allows to apply the obtained model to develop a mathematical model of an AC electric locomotive to study the electrodynamic processes in it at different modes of operation of the electric locomotive.
Mutual influence of currents in plane inductor system with solenoid between two massive conductors
Authors: Batygin Yu.V. , Shinderuk S.O. , Chaplygin E.O.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Inductor systems, as tools for metal processing, widely used in industrial  technologies  using the energy of powerful pulsed electromagnetic fields. Problem. A common disadvantage of the known works on the creation of tools for magnetic-pulse impact on conductive objects has the use of physical and mathematical models, in which the exciting currents do not depend on the ongoing electromagnetic processes. Such the assumption, have distorts the picture of the real energy in the working area of the inductor system. Goal. To obtain design ratios and numerical estimates of the mutual influence of exciting and induced currents of a flat inductor system with a circular solenoid located between massive well-conducting objects, moreover to carry out a theoretical analysis of electromagnetic processes in this system. Methodology. Have applied integrating Maxwell’s equations using the Laplace and Fourier-Bessel integral transformations in the approximation of the ideal conductivity of the metal objects to be processed. Results. The calculated relations for the theoretical analysis of electromagnetic processes have obtained in the high-frequency approximation. It shown that the inductance of the studied system decreases as the objects being processed approach the solenoid and increases as they move away from it. It found that for the invariability of the power indicators, of the proposed tool, a corresponding correction of the amplitude (on average up to 20 times) of the exciting current has necessary in the solenoid winding. Originality. For the first time, the tool design with a circular solenoid located between the massive metal objects has proposed for flat magnetic-pulse stamping. As a result of the theoretical analysis, the influence of electromagnetic processes on the currents flowing in the system has confirmed. Practical significance. The use of the results obtained will allow to increase the efficiency of the tool of magnetic-pulse technologies, and to reduce the energy costs for performing the specified production operations.
PENGEMBANGAN WEB EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS ONE PAGE DESIGN PADA JURUSAN TEKNIK KOMPUTER DAN JARINGAN (STUDI KASUS : SMK PANJATEK)
Authors: Eggi Samekta  , Bambang Prasetya Adhi  , Prasetyo Wibowo Yunanto
Published: December 2021

Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan mengembangkan web evaluasi pembelajaran pada jurusan teknik komputer dan jaringan di SMK PANJATEK. Web evaluasi pembelajaran dibuat untuk memudahkan kegiatan ujian bagi guru dan siswa. Web evaluasi pembelajaran ini menggunakan web responsif sehingga memungkinkan web dibuka di smartphone maupun laptop. Penelitian dilakukan di Jurusan Teknik Komputer dan Jaringan pada SMK PANJATEK. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Research & Development atau R&D. Secara keseluruhan terdapat 3 tahap utama pada proses penelitian dan pengembangan ini, yakni (1) penelitian awal; (2) pengembangan produk; dan (3) pengujian serta revisi produk. Penelitian awal dilakukan guna mengidentifikasi permasalahan dan mencari solusi praktis dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut. Proses pengujian produk dilakukan dengan uji ahli media dan siswa sebagai pengguna. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan kuesioner yang kemudian dianalisis dengan teknik deskriptif kuantitatif. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, hasil pengujian ahli media mendapatkan nilai 92%, hasil pengujian responden siswa kelompok kecil 93%, dan hasil pengujian responden siswa kelompok besar 89%. Berdasarkan hasil uji kelayakan produk web evaluasi pembelajaran, maka dinyatakan layak digunakan pada jurusan teknik komputer dan jaringan di SMK PANJATEK.
Распространение вариантов вируса SARS-COV-2, вызывающих озабоченность (VOC) и интерес (VOI) на основе количества их геномов, депонированных в базу данных GISAID за неделю с 27.11. по 03.12.2021 г.
Authors: Дмитриева Л , Чумачкова Е , Краснов Я , Осина Н , Сафронов В , Иванова А , Карнаухов И , Караваева Т , Щербакова С , Кутырев В
Published: December 2021

В обзоре представлен анализ геновариантов вируса SARS-CoV-2, вызывающих озабоченность (VOC) и интерес (VOI) на основе их геномов в базе GISAID за неделю с 27.11.2021 г. по 03.12.2021 г.
Redes tutoriales en la elaboración del protocolo de investigación
Authors: García-Lirios Cruz
Published: December 2021

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue establecer la relación entre el uso de la biblioteca digital tutoría 4.0 y la elaboración del protocolo de investigación, para identificar los retos del tutor en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje mediado por las tecnologías de información y comunicación, así como la orientación en la formación de habilidades y conocimientos a partir del uso de dispositivos y redes colaborativas para el desarrollo de competencias investigativas documentales y meta-analíticas. Se llevó a cabo un estudio exploratorio, transversal y correlacional con una muestra de cien estudiantes de una universidad pública inscritos en el sistema de práctica profesional y servicio social a través de una plataforma, dispositivo o red electrónica. Los resultados muestran que la elaboración de antecedentes del problema de investigación son el eje central del protocolo, aunque se sugiere la extensión de la propuesta a otras formas de titulación como, por ejemplo, la tesina. Además hacen evidente la necesidad de que los tutores tengan mayor conocimiento del uso de diversas plataformas, por lo que su formación profesional deberá ser en torno al uso de las tecnologías, el manejo del inglés, el conocimiento sobre las diferentes plataformas y el ser creativos en la manera de trabajar con los alumnos, así como saber identificar cómo trabajar con los diferentes aspectos culturales, sociales y económicos de los estudiantes.
The Shadow Economy-Environmental Quality Nexus In OECD Countries: Empirical Evidence From Panel Quantile Regression
Authors: Chu Lan Khanh , Hoang Dung Phuong
Published: December 2021

This study explores the determinants of ecological footprint by integrating the influence of the shadow economy. The findings based on the panel quantile regression indicate that the environmental effects of the shadow economy, trade openness, energy intensity, renewable energy, and income are not homogeneous across various levels of ecological footprint. The shadow economy-ecological footprint nexus follows an inverted U-shaped pattern. Initially, the higher size of the informal economy leads to more ecosystem degradation. When the shadow economy increases to certain thresholds, its environmental impact reverts to benefit. Such threshold changes with the evolution of ecological footprint. Specifically, it first rises then decreases along with the degradation of the ecosystem. Moreover, the heterogeneous panel causality test reports the one-way directional running from the shadow economy to the ecological footprint in OECD countries. The significant and heterogeneous relationships between ecological footprint and its determining factors are also established.
Large, near-term increases in climate-induced tree growth may help offset impacts of increasing disturbance across Canadian boreal forest
Authors: Wang Jiejie , Taylor Anthony , D'Orangeville Loïc
Published: December 2021

Large projected increases in forest disturbance pose a major threat to future wood fibre supply and carbon sequestration in the cold-limited, Canadian boreal forest ecosystem 1–4. Given the large sensitivity of tree growth to temperature, warming-induced increases in forest productivity have the potential to reduce these threats, but research efforts to date have yielded contradictory results attributed to limited data availability, methodological biases, and regional variability in forest dynamics 5–8. Here we apply a novel machine-learning algorithm to an unprecedented network of over 1 million tree growth records from 18,715 permanent sample plots distributed across both Canada and the US, spanning a 16.5°C climatic gradient, and project the near-term (2050s time period) growth of the six most abundant tree species in the Canadian boreal forest. Our results reveal a large, positive effect of increasing thermal energy on tree growth for most of the target species, leading to 40-52% projected gains in growth with climate change under RCP 4.5 and 8.5. The magnitude of these gains, which peak in the colder and wetter regions of the boreal forest, suggests warming-induced growth increases should no longer be considered marginal, but may in fact significantly offset some of the negative impacts of projected increases in drought and wildfire on wood supply and carbon sequestration and have major implications on ecological forecasts and the global economy.
Stage-Dependent Niche Segregation: Insights From a Multi-Dimensional Approach of Two Sympatric Sibling Seabirds
Authors: Fromant Aymeric , Arnould John P.Y. , Delord Karine , Sutton Grace J , Carravieri Alice , Bustamante Paco , Miskelly Colin M. , Kato Akiko , Brault-Favrou Maud , Cherel Yves , Bost Charles-André
Published: December 2021

Niche theory predicts that to reduce competition for the same resource, sympatric ecologically similar species should exploit divergent niches and segregate in one or more dimensions. Seasonal variations in environmental conditions and energy requirements can influence the mechanisms and the degree of niche segregation. However, studies have overlooked the multi-dimensional aspect of niche segregation over the whole annual cycle, and key facets of species co-existence still remain ambiguous. The present study provides insights into the niche use and partitioning of two morphologically and ecologically similar seabirds, the common (CDP, Pelecanoides urinatrix) and the South Georgian diving petrels (SGDP, P. georgicus). Using phenology, at-sea distribution, diving behavior and isotopic data (during the incubation, chick-rearing and non-breeding periods), we show that the degree of partitioning was highly stage-dependent. During the breeding season, the greater niche segregation during chick-rearing than incubation supported the hypothesis that resource partitioning increases during energetically demanding periods. During the post breeding period, while the observed species-specific latitudinal differences were expected, CDP and SGDP also migrated in very divergent directions. This may indicate the implication of processes other than inter-species niche competition. Our results demonstrate the importance of integrative approaches combining concepts and techniques from different fields to better understand the co-existence of ecologically similar species. The stage-dependent and context-dependent niche segregation highlights the need for whole-year and multiple-site studies of niche partitioning of sympatric species. This is particularly relevant in order to fully understand the short and long-term effects of ongoing environmental changes on species distributions and communities.
Rescue of an Enterotropic Newcastle Disease Virus Strain ZM10 From Cloned cDNA and Stable Expressing an Inserted Foreign Gene
Authors: He Lei , Wang Hairong , Yu Zuhua , Liao Chengshui , Ding Ke , Zhang Cai , Yu Chuan , Zhang Chunjie
Published: December 2021

Background: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain ZM10, a typical enterotropic avirulent vaccine strain, has been widely used in in China for chickens against Newcastle disease. To elucidate its enterotropic mechanism and develop recombiant multivalent vaccines based on it, the reverse genetics system for NDV ZM10 is an indispensable platform.Results: A full-length cDNA clone of NDV ZM10 and three supporting plasmids were constructed using the ligation-independent cloning (LIC) method. Recombinant NDV rZM10 was successfully rescued after these plasmids were co-transfected into BHK-21 cells. Besides, the recombinant virus rZM10-RFP encoding the red fluorescent protein was generated by inserting the RFP gene into the full-length clone of NDV between the P and M genes. These rescued viruses were genetically and biologically identical to the parental strain and showed similar growth kinetics. Conclusion: The recovery system of NDV ZM10 strain was established, and can be used as a foundation for research on the enterotropic mechanism and development of multivalent vaccines against viral diseases of livestock and poultry.
Different formulations of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates in human compatible adjuvants: Potency studies in mice showed different platforms of immune responses
Authors: Haghighi Melika , khorasani Akbar , Karimi Pegah , Keshavarz Rouhollah , Mahdavi Mehdi
Published: December 2021

Several inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were approved for human use but are not highly potent. Here, different formulations of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus in Alum, Montanide 51VG and Montanide ISA720VG adjuvants were developed and then immune responses were assessed. SARS-CoV-2 virus was inactivated with formalin and formulated in the adjuvants. BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with 4µg of experimental vaccines on days 0 and 14 and two weeks after the final immunization, IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokines, CTL activity and specific IgG titer and IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2a/IgG1 ratio and also anti-RBD IgG response were assessed. Immunization with SARS-CoV-2-Montanide ISA51VG showed a significant increase in IFN-γ cytokine versus SARS-CoV-2-Alum, SARS-CoV-2-Montanide ISA720VG and control groups (P<0.0033). Cytokine IL-4 response in SARS-CoV-2-Alum group showed a significant increase versus SARS-CoV-2-Montanide ISA51VG, SARS-CoV-2-Montanide ISA720VG and control groups (P<0.0206). In addition, SARS-CoV-2-Montanide ISA51VG vaccine induced the highest IFN-γ/IL-4 cytokine ratio versus other groups (P<0.0004). CTL activity in SARS-CoV-2- Montanide ISA51 VG and SARS-CoV-2-Montanide ISA720 VG groups showed a significant increase versus SARS-CoV-2-Alum and control groups (P<0.0075). Specific IgG titer in SARS-CoV-2- Montanide ISA51 VG and SARS-CoV-2-Montanide ISA720VG showed significant increase versus SARS-CoV-2-Alum and control groups (P<0.0143). Results of specific IgG1and IgG2a level in SARS-COV-2-Alum, SARS-COV-2-Montanide ISA51VG and SARS-COV-2-Montanide ISA720VG vaccine showed a significant increase versus the control group (P<0.0001) but SARS-COV-2-Montanide ISA51VG and SARS-COV-2-Montanide ISA 720VG groups showed highest IgG2a/IgG1 ratio and a significant increase versus SARS-COV-2-Alum group (P<0.0379). Results of anti-RBD IgG response showed that inactivated SARS-COV-2+Alum and SARS-COV-2-Montanide ISA 720VG vaccine groups demonstrated a significant increase versus SARS-COV-2-Montanide ISA51VG group. It seems that the type of vaccine formulation is a critical parameter that effect on immunologic patterns and vaccine potency. Here, results showed that human compatible oil-based adjuvants were more potent than Alum adjuvant in the induction of cellular and humoral immune responses versus SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Effects of Air Holes in the Cladding of Photonic Crystal Fibers on Dispersion and Confinement Loss of Orbital Angular Momentum Modes
Authors: Fu Haihao , Shi Ying , Yi Zao , Liu Chao , Song Xinping , Lv Jingwei , Yang Lin , Chu Paul K.
Published: December 2021

In the development of orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode division multiplexing (MDM), the capacity of optical fiber communication must be improved. However, owing to dispersion and confinement loss, many OAM modes do not propagate stably over a long distance in optical fibers. In this work, the effects of the size, number, shape, number of layers, and layer spacing of air holes in the cladding of the fiber on the dispersion and confinement loss are analyzed based on a simple structure. The trends are studied and summarized to facilitate the design of optical fibers to achieve stable transmission of OAM modes over a long distance.
A Condition of Uncertainty: A Qualitative Study Exploring Women´s Experiences of Preeclampsia
Authors: Hansson Therése , Andersson Maria E. , Ahlström Gerd , Hansson Stefan R.
Published: December 2021

Background

Preeclampsia is a severe condition that annually affects about 3-8% of pregnancies worldwide. Preeclampsia is thereby one of the most common pregnancy complications for both mother and child. Despite that, there is limited research exploring the women´s perspective of experiencing preeclampsia.
Aim

The aim of this study was to describe women´s experiences of preeclampsia to improve the support and care given during and after pregnancy.
Methods

A qualitative descriptive interview study was undertaken. Nine women, who were diagnosed with preeclampsia, were recruited from a maternity unit in southern Sweden. The descriptive phenomenological method according to Amadeo Giorgi was used to analyse the data.
Results

The essence of women’s experiences of PE were expressed as A condition of uncertainty, meaning that it was an unexpected and unknown situation. The five constituents forming the essence were incomprehensible diagnosis message, ambivalent feelings when the unexpected happens, confusing contradictory messages, appreciated support from the midwife, and need for continuous information. The nature of preeclampsia can sometimes deteriorate rapidly both for the mother and/or the child, often resulting in conversion from a planned vaginal spontaneous delivery to an emergency Caesarean section. The women narrated diffuse symptoms, and they experienced that they got contradictory information from different health care professionals regarding the severity of their disease. Detailed and continuous information is requested throughout the course of the disease, and the postpartum period.
Conclusion

Health care professionals must be aware that women and their partners need detailed, consistent and repeated information about severity and prognosis to diminish the condition of uncertainty, confusion and fearful experience. The clinical implication would be a standardized preeclampsia education for pregnant women early on in the pregnancy, to raise awareness of preeclamptic symptoms. Furthermore, there is a need for harmonized guidelines both at the antenatal care and the maternity ward and inpatient care at the hospital.
Selection of New Diagnostic Markers for Dirofilaria Repens Infections With the Use of Phage Display Technology
Authors: Pękacz Mateusz , Basałaj Katarzyna , Kalinowska Alicja , Klockiewicz Maciej , Stopka Diana , Bąska Piotr , Długosz Ewa , Karabowicz Justyna , Młocicki Daniel , Wiśniewski Marcin , Zawistowska-Deniziak Anna
Published: December 2021

Dirofilaria repens is a parasitic nematode causing vector-borne disease (dirofilariasis), considered an emerging problem in veterinary and human medicine. Although main hosts are carnivores, particularly dogs, D. repens shows high zoonotic potential. The disease spreads uncontrollably, affecting new areas. Since there is no vaccine against dirofilariasis, the only way to limit disease transmission is an early diagnosis. Currently, diagnosis depends on the detection of microfilariae in the host bloodstream using modified Knott's test or multiplex PCR. However, the efficacy of tests relying on microfilariae detection is limited by microfilariae periodic occurrence. Therefore, a new reliable diagnostic test is required. Our study aimed to select new diagnostic markers for dirofilariasis with potential application in diagnostics. We focused on single epitopes to ensure high specificity of diagnosis and avoid cross-reactivity with the other parasite infections common in dogs. Using phage display technology and 12-mer peptides library, we selected epitopes highly reactive with IgG from sera of infected dogs. Additionally, our study presents the possibility of detecting D. repens specific cell-free DNA in dogs with no microfilaria but high IgG and IgM antibody levels against parasite somatic antigen.
Profiling of associated proteins reveals dual functions of the phosphatase ABI1 in abscisic acid signaling
Authors: Zhu Chen , Wang Yi , Lin Zhen , Li Rongxia , Jia Bei , Wang Yubei , Qin Guochen , Hsu Chuan-Chih , Song Chun-Peng , Wang Pengcheng
Published: December 2021

Clade A PP2C phosphatases are central components of the ABA-receptor coupled core signaling pathway, and are involved in multiple stress responses and developmental processes. However, the direct targets or partner proteins of A clade PP2Cs that participate in these biological processes are largely unknown. Here, we used a TurboID-based proximity labeling method to identify putative associated proteins of one A clade PP2C phosphatase, ABI1. By combining the results from affinity purification or proximity labeling of biotinylated proteins, we identified more than four hundred putative ABI1-associated proteins, including dozens of known ABI1-intreacting proteins, as well as proteins involved in TOR signaling, phospho-regulation, and other biological processes. We found that RAFs, a group of protein kinases that phosphorylate and activate SnRK2s in ABA and osmotic stress signaling, are direct substrates of ABI1. A conserved serine residue located in the P-loop of the kinase domain, corresponding to Ser619 in RAF3, is a major functional ABI1 target site. ABI1-mediated dephosphorylation on this site strongly promotes the kinase activity of most B2 and B3 RAFs. Thus, ABI1 has dual functions in ABA signaling by dephosphorylating and inhibiting SnRK2 to prevent SnRK2 activation in unstressed conditions, while dephosphorylating B2 and B3 subgroup RAFs to maintain their basal kinase activity. PP2C-mediated dephosphorylation at the conserved serine residue may be a mechanism for RAF activation in both plants and animals, with potential implications for tumorigenesis in humans.
Getting It Wrong Most of The Time: Comparing Trialists’ Choice of Primary Outcome With What Patients And Health Professionals Want
Authors: Treweek Shaun , Miyakoda Viviane , Burke Dylan , Shiely Frances
Published: December 2021

Background: Randomised trials support improved decision-making through the data they collect. One important piece of data is the primary outcome – so called because it is what the investigators decide is the most important. Secondary outcomes provide additional information to support decision-making. We were interested in knowing how important patients and healthcare professionals consider the outcomes (especially the primary outcome) measured in a selection of published trials. Methods: The work had three stages: 1. We identified a body of late-stage trials in two clinical areas, breast cancer management and nephrology. 2. We identified the primary and secondary outcomes for these trials. 3. We randomly ordered these outcomes and presented them to patients and healthcare professionals (with experience of the clinical area), and we asked them to rank the importance of the outcomes. They were not told which outcomes trial authors considered primary and secondary. Results: In our sample of 44 trials with 46 primary outcomes, 29 patients, one patient representative and 12 healthcare professionals together ranked the primary outcome as the most important outcome 13/46 times, or 30%. Breast cancer patients and health care professionals considered the primary outcome to be the most important outcome for 8/21 primary outcomes chosen by trialists. For nephrology, the equivalent figure was 5/25. The primary outcome appeared in a respondent’s top 5 ranked outcomes 151/178 (85%) times for breast cancer and 225/259 (87%) times for nephrology even if the primary wasn’t considered the most important outcome. Conclusions: The primary outcome in a trial is the most important piece of data collected. It is used to determine how many participants are required, and it is the main piece of information used to judge whether the intervention is effective or not. Our study found that in the view of patients and healthcare professionals, teams doing trials in breast cancer management and nephrology got their choice of primary outcome wrong 70% of the time.
Characterization of Archaeal and Bacterial Communities Thriving in Methane-seeping on-land Mud Volcanoes, Niigata, Japan.
Authors: Miyake Nori , Ishimaru Ryo , Komatsu Goro , Matsui Takafumi
Published: December 2021

Submarine mud volcanoes (MVs) have attracted significant interest in the scientific community for obtaining clues on the subsurface biosphere. On-land MVs, which are much less focused in this context, are equally important and they may provide insights also for astrobiology of extraterrestrial mud volcanism. Hereby, we characterized microbial communities of the two active methane-seeping on-land MVs, Murono and Kamou, in central Japan. Metataxonomic 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of those sites recovered the dominant archaeal taxa affiliated with methanogens. Anaerobic methanotrophs (ANME), with the subgroups ANME-1b and ANME-3, were also recovered from the Murono site albeit a greatly reduced abundance compared to typical submarine MVs. ANME-3 was in fact identified for the first time for land-based MVs. The bacterial sequences affiliated to Atribacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), and Fe(III)-reducing bacteria were recovered. SRB and ANME form a syntrophic consortium, which is often found at the sulfate-methane transition zone of submarine MVs where diffused sulfate (SO42-) is constantly enriched from the ocean. Previous investigations speculate that the erupted materials from Murono are originated from the Miocene marine strata, and we hypothesize that the old sea-related juvenile water is the source of additional sulfur-related components for the SRB-ANME consortium at Murono.
Importance of Kernel Bandwidth in Quantum Machine Learning
Authors: Shaydulin Ruslan , Wild Stefan
Published: December 2021

Quantum kernel methods are considered a promising avenue for applying quantum computers to machine learning problems. However, recent results overlook the central role hyperparameters play in determining the performance of machine learning methods. In this work we identify the hyperparameter controlling the bandwidth of a quantum kernel and show that it controls the expressivity of the resulting model. We use extensive numerical experiments with multiple quantum kernels and classical datasets to show consistent change in the model behavior from underfitting (bandwidth too large) to overfitting (bandwidth too small), with optimal generalization in between. We draw a connection between the bandwidth of classical and quantum kernels and show analogous behavior in both cases. Furthermore, we show that optimizing the bandwidth can help mitigate the exponential decay of kernel values with qubit count, which is the cause behind recent observations that the performance of quantum kernel methods decreases with qubit count. We reproduce these negative results and show that if the kernel bandwidth is optimized, the performance instead improves with growing qubit count and becomes competitive with the best classical methods.
Optimization of the Extraction Process and Application of Bacterial Extracts in the Control of Brown Spot and Leaf Blast in Rice Culture
Authors: Arriel-Elias Marina Teixeira , Arriel Gabriel Carlos Teixeira Freire , Bezerra Gustavo Andrade , Santos Pedro Henrique Dias dos , Severino Vanessa Gisele Pasqualotto , Filippi Marta Cristina
Published: December 2021

The objective of this work was to optimize the extraction process and application of bacterial extracts of Bacillus sp. and Serratia sp. in leaf blast control (Magnapothe oryzae) and brown spot (Bipolaris oryzae) in rice culture. The work was divided into three stages: 1) Bacterial obtaining extracts through liquid-liquid extraction 2) Antagonistic capacity of bacterial extracts to M. oryaze and B. oryae 3) Suppression of brown spot (A1) and leaf blast (A2) in greenhouse. The bacterial isolates in present study were identified as Bacillus sp. (BRM32110) and Serratia marcescens (BRM32113). The crude extract of both isolates at different extraction times 6, 16, 24, 48 and 72 hours reduced the growth of colonies of M. oryzae and B. oryzae by up to 92% and 28%, respectively. The extracts that showed highest inhibition of colony growth were those obtained after 6 and 16h of incubation and were selected for subsequent assays. These, for both isolates were able to reduce conidia germination by up to 91% and apressorium formation of M. oryzae by up to 93%. In green house, A1 the treatment that stood out was the extract of Bacillus sp. (16h) with 6.7% of leaf area affected and in A2 the treatment S. marcescens extract (16h) stood out with only 7.6% of leaf area affected with brusone when compared to control. The use of extracts of Bacillus sp. and Serratia marcescens was efficient in reducing the severity of brown spot and leaf blast in rice crop.
Water deficit stress tolerance assessment in barley cultivars using drought tolerance indices
Authors: Habib Md , Mannan Md , Karim Md , Miah Md , Singh Hari
Published: December 2021

Crop productivity is greatly affected by drought stress. Understanding the drought tolerance capability of the crop varieties available in a country is the foremost consideration for drought adaptation. The objective of this research work was to examine the drought tolerance potentiality of 5 cultivated barley varieties (BARI Barley5, BARI Barley6, BARI Barley7, BARI Barley8 and BARI Barley9) through calculating drought tolerance indices. A completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was followed in the experiment, where crops were grown under control (80% of FC) and water deficit environment (50% of FC). Stress Tolerance (TOL), Mean Productivity (MP), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI), Stress Tolerance Index (STI), Harmonic Mean (HAM), Yield Index (YI) and Yield Stability Index (YSI) were calculated based on grain yield under control and drought conditions. BARI Barley7 and BARI Barley8 were the most tolerant variety and BARI Barley9 considered as susceptible based on TOL and SSI. Drought tolerance indices like MP, HAM, GMP, TOL as well as STI were showed a high correlation with grain yield under both conditions and were recognized as appropriate indices to identify varieties with high grain yield and low sensitivity to drought stress.
Recurrent Painful Ophthalmoplegic Neuropathy: Diagnostic Controversies. Single Case Report with a Systematic Review
Authors: Falsaperla Raffaele , Presti Santiago , Bianco Manuela Lo , Catanzaro Stefano , Marino Silvia , Ruggieri Martino
Published: December 2021

Background: Ophthalmoplegic migraine, renamed “Recurrent Painful Ophthalmoplegic Neuropathy (RPON) in 2013 by the International Headache Society is a rare neurologic disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of ophthalmoplegia associated to ipsilateral headache. The etiology is still unknown. Typical magnetic resonance imaging findings show a focal nerve thickening and contrast enhancement. In the majority of cases, there is a full recovery within days or weeks. There is no evidence supporting a specific treatment. The review defines the characteristics of the recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy in patients within 2 years of age underlying the importance of the role of magnetic resonance imaging even in presence of the first attack. Thus, an emblematic case report is presented.Case presentation: The authors present a case of third cranial nerve paresis in a 17-month-old male child, presenting a neuroradiological pattern highly suggestive of schwannoma, aneurism or recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy. Thus, a review of the literature with the pediatric casuistry of recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy occurred within 2 years of age focusing on diagnostic considerations is presented. The authors highlight the importance to consider recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy in presence of magnetic resonance imaging findings and clinical symptoms referable to aneurysm or schwannoma. Thus, the review defines the characteristics and the neuroradiological findings at the first RPON attack occurred under 2 years of age.Conclusion: Although two attacks are necessary, the review strongly suggests to consider recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy even at the first attack, in presence of described characteristics and the aforementioned magnetic resonance imaging findings.
Preparation and Characterization of Novel Polymer-Based Heterogeneous MPg-C3N4 Catalyst and Its Application in Multi-Component Reactions
Authors: Ghafuri Hossein , Zare-Bakheir Ensiye , Hanifehnejad Peyman , Talebi Maryam , Ghanbari Nastaran
Published: December 2021

Magnetic polyvinyl alcohol-based g-C3N4 composite (MPg-C3N4) was synthesized as a heterogeneous catalyst. It was characterized by various analyses such as FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, TGA, EDX, and VSM. For showing the catalytic merits of MPg-C3N4, it was used in the synthesis of acridinedione and 4H-chromene derivatives in a highly efficient yield. Various aldehyde derivatives were used to show the merits of the MPg-C3N4. High yield, short reaction time, easy separation, mild condition reaction, simple purification, non-toxic solvents, and reusability are the advantages of using polymer-based heterogeneous MPg-C3N4 catalyst to synthesize acridinedione and 4H-chromene derivatives. Also, the intended products were purified by simple crystallization.
Development and Validation of Nomogram to Predict Very Early Recurrence of Combined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma After Hepatic Resection: A Multi-Institutional Study
Authors: Wu Yijun , Liu Hongzhi , Zeng Jianxing , Chen Yifan , Fang Guoxu , Zhang Jingyu , Zhou Weiping , Zeng Yongyi , Liu Jingfeng
Published: December 2021

Background and Objectives
Combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC) has a high incidence of early recurrence. The objective of this study is to construct a model predicting very early recurrence (VER)(ie, recurrence within 6 months after surgery) of cHCC.
Methods
131 consecutive patients from Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital served as a development cohort to construct a nomogram predicting VER by using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The model was internally and externally validated in an validation cohort of 90 patients from Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital using the C concordance statistic, calibration analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA).
Results
The VER nomogram contains microvascular invasion(MiVI), macrovascular invasion(MaVI) and CA19-9>25mAU/mL. The model shows good discrimination with C-indexes of 0.77 (95%CI: 0.69 - 0.85 ) and 0.76 (95%CI:0.66 - 0.86) in the development cohort and validation cohort respectively. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the model are clinically useful and the calibration of our model was favorable. Our model stratified patients into two different risk groups, which exhibited significantly different VER.
Conclusions
Our model demonstrated favorable performance in predicting VER in cHCC patients.