bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discuss about the Sustainable Development Way for China Mining
Authors: Zhao You Sheng , Du Xue Ling , Yang Peng Fei
Published: December 2013

It is introduced the problems that coal mines in China are facing now, including the heavy taxes, the enormous amount of workers, the inefficient supervision and being easily effected by the policy. It is suggested that the government should make some policy which are good for the sustainable development of coal mine, and the government should encourage coal mine to adjust their industry in a scientific way, also it is good to reward the coal mine which are run in a low carbon economy model. During the process to build a sustainable coal mine, attention should be paid that it is a course of events which couldnt be accomplished immediately, time is needed to finish the goal of sustainable development of coal mine in China.
An Empirical Analysis of Private Participation in Infrastructure (PPI) Projects in the Renewable Energy Sector of China
Authors: Chen Chuan , Wang Qi , Fang Rui Ying
Published: December 2013

China has been experiencing a remarkable economic growth for the past three decades accompanied by significant energy consumption and environmental pollution, which led to great pressure on energy supply and environmental protection. The development of renewable energy has therefore become a major strategic issue for the country’s energy security, economic development, environmental sustainability and social stability. Meanwhile the participation of the private sector into the renewable energy sector has become increasingly important and necessary to utilize their knowledge, skills and resources as an effective supplement to the Chinese government which dominates the sector but suffers low efficiency and declining credit lines. Aiming at a better understanding of the activities and trends of the private sector in the renewable energy sector of China, this study retrieved project level data from the Private Participation in Infrastructure (PPI) database of the World Bank, and examined the data from various dimensions, such as investment size, PPI type, technology, and geographical distribution. Important and interesting observations were drawn such as emerging western China market and fast growing biomass sub-sector. A comparison between conventional fossil fuel projects and renewable energy projects was also undertaken in terms of unit cost and the results confirmed the high installation cost of renewable energy projects and highlighted the importance of government subsidies at present and technological advances in the long run to support the development of renewable energy. The empirical findings, although restricted by shortcomings of the data source, can provide valuable implications to policy makers and infrastructure investors interested in the renewable energy market of China.
Some Thoughts on Energy Problem and Sustainable Energy Development
Authors: Cheng Hong Yan , Zhang Yu Long , Zhang Xin , Shi Yang
Published: December 2013

With the development of the social and economy, China faces the increasingly serious energy crisis and more and more depends on energy imports. In this paper, the energy demand crisis is analyzed, and the status of the energy research and project status quo policy was discussed. At last, this paper gives the ways and means of the resolution of the crisis of energy demand, puts forward the sustainable energy development strategy, and builds the energy system and the relevant policies to alleviate the crisis of energy demand in China to a certain extent.
The Preliminary Technical and Economic Analysis of Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS)
Authors: Zhu Qing Yuan , Li Huai Lin , Liu De Jun , Wang Su , Xia Hai Hong
Published: December 2013

The accelerator driven systems (ADS) have a harder spectrum than fast reactor, and will play a more important role in waste transmutation. The structure of the ADS is more comprehensive than other traditional reactors, thus it is necessary to do the preliminary economic study of ADS. This paper calculates and compares the LCOE of once-through, PWR-SFR cycle and PWR-ADS cycle. It turned out that ADS does not have economic advantage in producing electricity compared with PWR and SFR, but it produces significantly less HLW than PWR and SFR for same amount of electricity. If the MA is paid more than $80557/kgHM, ADS can compete with the PWR in our study.
Research on the Present Situation of China's Power Sources Based on Multi-Objective Comprehensive Evaluation Method
Authors: Hou Bu Chan , Shi Ying Ling
Published: December 2013

Multi-objective comprehensive evaluation method is a new evaluation method which analysis on the sustainable development. This article is evaluating the present situation of the sustainable development of China's power source structure through this method, view to the future development. We select 7 indicators in order to reflect the economic effects, environmental effects and power production levels, and describe the sustainability degree, the development degree and the coordination degree from 2000 to 2007 in China. The research indicated that although the China's power source structure is being far away from the unsustainable critical point slowly, slowly approaches to the target point, but the way deviated from the path of the development of optimal path.
Forecasting of Energy Consumption of Beijing's Residential Sector Based on System Dynamics Model
Authors: Xie Hui , Wang Li Feng , Liang Wei
Published: December 2013

Beijing is a major municipality/province of energy consumption, but poor in energy resources. The inherent and complete dependence on importing energy makes energy security extremely difficult, which draws more attention to the energy conservation in Beijing. With the improvement of people's living standard, the proportion of the residential energy consumption continuously increased. Residential energy saving became the key field of energy conservation and environmental protection. A great many factors of which the relations are complex affect the energy conservation. By introducing System Dynamics analysis, which has a unique advantage of analyzing the multiple and complex feedback system, this paper aims to analyze energy consumption of Beijings residential sector and finally comes to some suggestions towards governments policies.
Construction of the Northeast Asian Energy Industry Value Chain
Authors: Feng Dan Dan , Niu Lu Lu , Guo Xiao Li
Published: December 2013

Due to the particularity of energy and local resistance, the energy industry cooperation in all areas of the world is in an unstable state. While the establishment of the regional energy industry value chain has an important role in the cooperation between the subject countries. Therefore, for highly complementary Northeast Asia, this paper establishes the energy industry value chain in Northeast Asia, analyzes behavior relations in each node inter-subjects of the industrial chain, finds the intersection of the interests of all countries, and ultimately promotes the subject countries stable and effective co-operation.
Application of GM (1, 1) Prediction Model in Coal Consumption Market
Authors: Lu Hong Ying
Published: December 2013

With the constant development of economy in China, the total coal consumption is gradually increasing. It is a vital task for government department to rationally and scientifically develop coal mining plans. A forecasting model GM (1, 1) is used in prediction of coal consumption-market. The design of this model is analyzed in detail. The performance of this method is evaluated and the result indicates that the model has excellent performance. This method has obtained favorable effects in practical applications.
China's Strategic Petroleum Reserve: Consideration of some Issues
Authors: Zhang Zhong Qing , Huang Liang Xiong , Wang Xue
Published: December 2013

Establishing strategic petroleum reserve is one of the important measures to ensure the safety of Chinas oil supply and concerns the long-term development of China. This paper mainly summarized the three big issues about China's strategic petroleum reserve: optimal scale, optimal reserve structure and influence factors, and put forward some ideas for further research.
The Research on New Urbanization and Green Building Technology-Taking Nanjing as an Example
Authors: Li Ming Hui , Ni Hong
Published: December 2013

Taking Nanjing as an example, this paper has analyzed the connotation of Nanjing new urbanization. It has been pointed out that promoting green building technology is one of the important paths to achieve Nanjing new urbanization. And the countermeasures of developing green building techniques have been put forward at the respect of standard formulation and execution, improving the green building design technology, strengthening the promotion application of green construction technology, constructing management, strengthening the construction of energy-efficient management, and strengthing the operation process management. All of above aim to explore a new urbanization path which not only conforms to the law of development of urbanization but also conforms to the city case of Nanjing, so that we can build a resource-conserving and environment-friendly beautiful new Nanjing which is rich, harmonious, wise and green.
Evaluation and Analysis on the Environmental Performance of Marine Economy in the Coastal Areas of China
Authors: Zheng Yi
Published: December 2013

For promoting the development of marine economy more sustainable, based the data envelopment analysis method and combined with the impact of the marine environment, the environmental performance of marine economy was evaluated for Chinese coastal provinces. Firstly the classical CCR model was used. Then a model considered undesirable outputs was made to suit to Chinese marine economy. Made use of the two models, the economic efficiencies without environmental consideration and the environmental performance index were calculated and compared. According to the results, the empirical relation between EPI and EE,per capita GDP and the industrial structure was analyzed.
Motivation Shortage: The Characteristics of Local Government in Environmental Protection in China
Authors: Zhou De Xiang , Hu Zhi Yuan
Published: December 2013

Environmental problem is one of the important factors that restricting the sustainable development of economy and social in China. Chinese central government have put forward the goal of building resource-saving and environment-friendly society, but the effect of many local governments to implement the central environmental protection policy is not well. At present, Chinese local government officials utility is mainly determined by performance, economic income, honor and duties liability security. Due to the impacts of unreasonable performance evaluation index, financial distribution system, public preferences and the weakening of environmental liability constraints, the motivation of local government in environmental protection is weak.
Study on Ecological Value of Sustainable Development Based on China's Ancient Great Thinker's Thought on Ecological Ethics
Authors: Li Shi Hua
Published: December 2013

Ecology is the science of studying the relationship between the living organisms and their environment. And the Environmental Science, which reveals the basic law of the harmonious development of society, economy and environment, is the discipline studying the interaction of people and environment. Ecology is not only the basic disciplines of environmental science, but also the scientifically recognized theoretical basis of environmental ethics. Tsunzi, a master on the Confucianism, one of the most distinguished Confucianists of the pre-Qin period, made the conception of sustainable development penetrate into his ecological ethics thoughts on the basis of philosophical thinking-Nature has its true law. If we hackle, inherit, comprehend, and utilize critically Tsunzis thought on ecological ethics, there will be some significant enlightening value for us to not only establish the theory of environmental ethics but also solve the increasing ecological crises facing humanity.
Import, Export and Economic Growth: A GMM Analysis Based on Dynamic Panel Data from Chinese Prefecture City
Authors: Hong Li Ming
Published: December 2013

This paper employed GMM for the first time to estimate the dynamic relevance between foreign trade and the economic growth based on the panel data of 284 Chinese Prefecture cities from 1994 to 2010. We find that both export and import improve the economic in general and the export-led growth hypothesis holds in China. Especially, the positive impact of import maybe even outnumber export. This finding is important to reconsider the weight of the export and import and correct the development strategy to sustainable development strategy.That would help reduce the pollution from inefficiency production to export and the environmental damage. Furthermore there is no significant evidence of investment and human capital in promoting economic development .
Harmonious Environment Construction in Transport and Sustainable Development for 21st Century
Authors: Wu Wei Ping , Zhang Wei , Zhang Xia
Published: December 2013

Based on global vision, this article main discussion the problem of transport environment construction and sustainable development, such as: energy comprehensive utilization and air pollution, maritime transport and water pretection, soil erosion and geological disaster, regional planning and ecological recovery, environment planning and humanistic philosophy. Intended to facilitate scientific innovation and global coordination to approaches address 21st century global transportation development common to face a series of new issues, put forward the views and recommendations:Including traffic construction needed to respond with more broad vision to urbanization, logistics innovations and changes, traffic transport integration, and based facilities transformation phase associated of environment ecological and energy resources problem. Need to enhance humanities concept, and through technology innovation , across area cooperation, global coordination address the key technology and major topics of traffic construction developing faced to, through breakthrough of the key technology of above to adapt global economic requirements and sustainable development for transportation.
Research on the Causes of China's Industrial Environmental Efficiency
Authors: Wang Lian Fen , Sun Ping Ping , Zhu Jian Jun
Published: December 2013

According to the Environmental Kuznets Theory, environmental effects can be decomposed into scale effect, structure effect, and technology effect. However, the theoretical analysis and empirical research showed that apart from the economic factors, the social, cultural institutional and regional factors impact the environmental efficiency to varying degrees. There exists a positive correlation between the economies of scale, industrial structure, environmental regulation, foreign capital dependence, the market index, the environmental awareness and the improvement of the environmental efficiency, while there exist a negative correlation between the factors of population density, trade dependence, per unit of GDP energy consumption and environmental efficiency improvement.
The Research on Disclosure Mechanism of Corporate Environmental Information Based on XBRL
Authors: Hong Li , Zhang Dan Xu
Published: December 2013

In recent years, frequent environmental pollution accidents draw great attention to the responsibility of companies who should fully and timely report their environmental information. However, information disclosure will increase their cost and operational risks. As such, companies often choose to disclose guiding information, or even non-disclosure. From the perspective of XBRL, this article is trying to establish a standardized mechanism for disclosing the enterprise environmental information with high correlation. In this way, we could get the information formally and easily. Additionally it may save the cost for the enterprises.
On the Environmental Leadership Program of American Xerox
Authors: Wang Hong
Published: December 2013

American Xerox environmental leadership program works in asset management, environmental design and external relationships. It advocates choosing materials to meet environmental protection standards, reducing waste emission, using recycled products and equipment, improving package, and taking responsibility for waste disposal. It helps Xerox not only save money, but also win the long-term development, which is significant for the progress of Chinese enterprises.
Study on the Relationship between Energy Consumption, Carbon Emission and Economic Growth in China
Authors: Jin Tian Tian , Zhang Jin Suo
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Based on ARDL model, this paper discussed the relationship of energy consumption, carbon emission and economic growth.The results indicated that the key to reduce carbon emissions lies in reducing energy consumption, optimizing energy structure.
An Empirical Study of Environmental Tax's Unbalanced Effect on Regional Sustainable Development: Based on the Panel Data Analysis of Resource Tax in 29 Provinces and Cities in China
Authors: Du Wei Hua , Du Peng Yu
Published: December 2013

The paper made a regression analysis with the panel data of 29 provinces and cities in China from 1996 to 2010 based on Cobb-Douglas production function introducing the tax variable. The results show that the growth of per unit resource tax may extend the economic growth1.0325, 1.0243, and 1.0661 times in eastern, middle and western areas respectively. Meanwhile, when the ratio of the resource tax among the general fiscal income increase by 1%, the output elasticity of capital may increase by10.21%, 15.59% and 14% in tune, the output elasticity of labor may decrease by 22.02%, 17.47% and 13.95%. This suggests that from the perspective of perfecting the resource tax to study environmental tax levy can better rationalize resource price mechanism, and environmental tax is a very important economic method to carry out the stratagem of regional sustainable development, but there is unbalanced effect on different areas.
Industrial Restructuring and Emission Reduction
Authors: Huang Liang Xiong , Han Yong Hui
Published: December 2013

The most essential way to realize the goals in emission reduction is to speed up industrial restructuring and promote the transformation of economic growth pattern. This article collected four-digit indexes concerning industrial restructuring in 30 provinces (cities, regions) in China from 1999 to 2007 to show the extent of industrial restructuring in that area. And then it matched these figures to those of environmental pollution on provincial level. This way, it would be able to see how manufacturing industrys inner restructuring affects the emission. The results showed that Chinas industrial restructuring had led to a significant decrease in the emission per unit of GDP.
The Research on the Strategies for Sustainable Development and Environmental Protection
Authors: Zhang Chen Chen
Published: December 2013

The strategies for sustainable development have been included in the medium and long term plan of 2010 for national economic and social development. Protecting the environment is the most important prerequisite and safeguards for the sustainable development strategy. In the study, we described the history of the environmental problems in the world, the proposal and implications of sustainable development, and outlined the dialectical relationship of development with the environment. The environmental protection measures for sustainable development were proposed here, according to the environmental situation severely affecting its biophysical environment.
Analysis on Influence Factors for the Whole Life-Cycle Carbon Emissions of Highway and Carbon Accounting
Authors: Jiao Shuang Jian , Li Long Fei , Li Yan Wei
Published: December 2013

The CO2 emissions of highway transportation industry are huge. There are many factors which are affecting highway carbon emission. To reduce vehicle emissions, and improve the design, construction, operation and management of highway, which was the main purpose of the study. The whole life cycle of highway was divided into construction stage and operation stage. Factors which affected carbon emissions of different highway stages were discussed, and they were artificial carbon emissions, energy consumption of machinery and equipment, building materials, pavement types, low carbon management, types and carbon emission coefficients, running speed, radius of curvature of horizontal curve, road roughness, gradient of longitudinal curve, traffic volumes, plant carbon sink. Put forward the highway carbon emissions accounting methods, and established the carbon accounting models. The research will be helpful to reduce carbon emissions of highway transportation industry.
The Scenario Forecasting Analysis of CO2 Emissions of China
Authors: Wang Jian Jun , Li Li
Published: December 2013

This paper uses STRIPAT models to find the impact of population, economy and technology on CO2 emissions of China. The result shows the impact of population, economy and technology on CO2 emissions are 1.253, 1.076, and 1.077 respectively. According to the future prospect of China, three scenarios of Chinas economic development are given to forecast the CO2 emissions, the forecasting results shows that if Chinas economic, population and energy consumption is increasing 7%, 0.4%, 5% every year, respectively. CO2 emissions will reach 21.05×108t in 2020. The CO2 emissions per unit GDP is decreasing by 45.54% in 2020 compared to 2005, which can fulfill the Chinese governments promise to decrease the GHG emissions per unit GDP by 40-45% in 2020 compared to 2005.
Analysis on the Status and Influencing Factors of Industrial Carbon Emissions in Northeast China
Authors: Li Shao Ping , Wang Qian , Meng Yan
Published: December 2013

This paper calculates the carbon emissions in the three northeastern provinces from 1997 to 2011 by using carbon formula, and compares the differences of the carbon emissions among the three provinces. Based on the LMDI model, the paper reveals the influences of every factor on the industrial carbon emissions. The population, economic development and industrialization rate are the pull factors in the increasing industrial carbon emissions, and the economic development is the main reason, followed by industrialization rate, the population has the least impact. The energy efficiency and structure of energy consumption are the inhibitory factors in the increasing industrial carbon emissions, energy efficiency is the most important factor to reduce industrial carbon emissions, and structure of energy consumption has a small impact on the industrial carbon emissions.
Study on the Chain Effect of Spring Tourism in Ji'nan
Authors: Shi Jia Lu , Wang Cheng Xin , Liu Hong Yan , Wang Xue Qin
Published: December 2013

As a comprehensive industry, Tourisms development can faster the overall ascension of a city. The multiplier effects caused by tourism attract more and more researchers attention. . Jinan is an open city which is famous for its springs. At present, the evaluation about the chain effects of Jinan tourism effect is still vacant. Taking Jinan as an example, from three aspects including economy, society and ecology by empirical analysis, the cascading positive influence that the spring tourism brought to Jinan is discussed. And it conformed that spring tourism development is of far-reaching significance for Jinan from different angles, such as accelerating tertiary industry development, the industrial structure optimization, increasing the foreign exchange income, industrial branding, urbanization develop with a faster speed, a profound impact on spiritual value, local traditional folk revival, the awakening of consciousness of ecological civilization , increasing green area and reforming urban environment and reducing the environmental pollution.
A Research on the Construction of Low-Carbon City of Qingdao
Authors: Ji Ai Hua
Published: December 2013

This paper first analyzed the background of the construction of low carbon city and pointed out the advantages and disadvantages of the low carbon construction of Qingdao. Finally, this paper proposed some practical countermeasures and suggestions for the development of low carbon economy in Qingdao.
Study on the Construction and Development of Eco-Industrial Parks
Authors: Xiong Ying , Luo Min
Published: December 2013

This paper discusses the construction and development of eco-industrial parks. It points out that the core of eco-industrial park construction is to advance low-carbon production and puts forward three principles of cutting, exchanging and turning. Based on three perspectives of enterprise itself, among enterprises, between enterprises and the park, it explains the meanings and implementations of three principles. Then, the key factors are analyzed to establish cooperation between enterprises and the park based on game theory. Finally some effective ways are given out to promote the development of eco-industrial parks.
Identification Studying on the Low-Carbon Agriculture Development Status Quo of Huanggang City, Hubei Province
Authors: Luo Fang , Bao Hong Li , Ke Zhen Tang , Wang Qing
Published: December 2013

To realize the goal of reducing carbon emission per unit of GDP by 40-45 percent by 2020 from 2005 levels in China, as a big agriculture city in a big agriculture province, Hubei Province, Huanggang city developing low-carbon agriculture is extremely urgent. According to the data in 1995-2011, the gross agricultural output value is regressed on “high-carbon” and “low-carbon” variables, and then based on the variables’ significance, low-carbon agriculture development status quo of Huanggang city is discriminating. It turned out that all variables have significant effects on the gross agricultural output value, and combining with calculated contributing ratio of each factor, the conclusion of agriculture of Huanggang city running on a high-carbon path is drawn. Hence, the policy proposals of returning agriculture development mode of low-carbon and sustainable is put forward lastly.
Analysis of Policy Incentives for Selection of CCS Technologies
Authors: Huang Chao , Li Xiao Qin , Chen Li Fei
Published: December 2013

This paper studies the effect of policy incentives on investment strategies of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. We establish CCS investment models based on real options theory for investment value evaluation of CCS, which consider CO2price, policy incentives and different CCS technologies that include the old existing CCS technology and the new one. We evaluate CCS investment option values and calculate the change of CCS investment values and thresholds due to the variation of CO2price and policy incentives. We conclude that the optimal strategy is investing in the new CCS technology when there are enough policy incentives, otherwise, it is optimal to firstly invest in the old existing CCS technology and then upgrade to the new one.
Path Selection of Low-Carbon Traffic Development in Qingdao
Authors: Qiu Li Xin , Song Yan Lei
Published: December 2013

By the use of the low-carbon traffic model, quantitatively analyzed the current situation of carbon emissions in different modes of urban traffic, this paper emphasized on studying the low-carbon development paths of Qingdao transportation. The results show that, the proportion of CO2 from private cars is the most highest; the increasing number of private cars, and the reduce use of public transport, is the main reason for the increase urban traffic emissions. Through the study of traffic structure, transportation and energy consumption characteristics of Qingdao, low-carbon development paths of Qingdao transportation are proposed from the aspects of urban space, traffic structure, residents travel mode and energy-saving technology.
Green Campus Culture Construction of Green University
Authors: Wang Qiang , Feng Xiao Ping , Tian Bei , Chen Ying Ling
Published: December 2013

Green campus culture is a new type of campus culture, emphasizing the relationship between people and the environment is coordinated sustainable, profound and abundant. Green campus is an important aspect of the green university, an important way of promoting sustainable development and achieving the comprehensive development. Green culture construction should be carried on from several aspects: management, education, environment, activities and internationalization, etc, so as to give full play to its educational function.
Use of OSL and TL of Electronic Components of Portable Devices for Retrospective Accident Dosimetry
Authors: Pradhan A.S. , Lee J.I. , Kim J.L.
Published: December 2013

Growing apprehensions of radiological accidents and terroristic attacks have intensified research efforts to find materials with appropriate radiation sensitivity that are carried close to human body, are ubiquitously available and which can be used as fortuitous dosimeters in rapid determination of doses of individuals after radiation exposure. In this respect, thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) of chip cards and electronic components of personal objects have been recently evaluated by researchers in several countries. OSL and TL signal of chip cards is attributed to SiO2 grains contained in the epoxy layers used for controlling the thixotropic properties whereas the radiation induced signal in electronic components (resistors, resonators, capacitors, ICs, antenna switches, etc.) of personal objects (mobile phones, USB flash drive, MP3 players, etc.) is attributed to the ceramic contents, especially to Al2O3 based substrates.
Optical and Morphological Studies of Doped Core Shell ZnS:Cu/ZnS Nanoparticles
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Sharma Manoj
Published: December 2013

The paper presents some results of study based on applications of ZnS core shell quantum dots (QDs) doped with Cu. Keeping the luminous properties in focus we synthesized the core shell QDs by chemical precipitation route, resulting in formation of core@shell QDs with ZnS core doped with copper and ZnS shell on it, i.e. [ZnS:Cu@Zn. We focus the application of these particles in field of OLEDs (AMOLED) to address the performance deficiencies like varying brightness of the different wavelength emitting LEDs, called Green Window problem. Efforts have been done to address the problems by synthesizing highly luminescent green emitting copper doped ZnS, core@shell QDs. Further a monolayer of core shell quantum dots was deposited on ITO by spin coating for analyzing the photometric properties of the QDs.
Thermoluminescence and its Applications: A Review
Authors: Murthy K.V.R.
Published: December 2013

The present review article contains various applications of Thermoluminescence. The phenomena of thermoluminescence (TL) or thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) are widely used for measurement of radiation doses from ionizing radiations, viz. x-rays, γ rays and β particles. The applications of TL are initiated in the field of Geology followed by Archaeology, personal dosimetry, material characterization and many more to name. The TL technique has been found to be useful in dating specimens of geologically recent origin where all other conventional methods fail. It has been found to be highly successful in dating ancient pottery samples. The TL/OSL dating is done from a quartz grain, which is collected from pottery or brick, by reading the TL-output. The main basis in the Thermoluminescence Dosimetry (TLD) is that TL output is directly proportional to the radiation dose received by the phosphor and hence provides the means of estimating the dose from unknown irradiations. The TL dosimeters are being used in personnel, environmental and medical dosimetry. During the last two decades, OSL based dosimeters have also been used for various applications. Natural and induced TL signals can be used to explore mineral, oil and natural gas. The present review presents TL theory, TL of minerals, salt, cement, salt crystals from pickles, and low temperature thermoluminescence (LLTL) of few agricultural products. Contents of Paper
Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron Trajectory in Solid for Electron Beam Lithography
Authors: Nagao Akie , Hosaka Sumio
Published: December 2013

We have developed a GUI(Graphical User Interface)-based Monte Carlo simulation tool for electron beam lithography. Simulation was executed by changing initial energy, thickness of resist, and target material. We focused on penetration range, backscattering coefficient and spatial distribution of lost energy. Comparison with other theory indicates that our simulation is reliable in the 10-50keV range of the energy of the electron. It seems that backscattering coefficient is strongly affected by the kind of atoms in the target, not initial energy.
Orthogonal Dual-Frequency SOA-Fiber Laser
Authors: Takahashi Yoshitaka , Fukaya Yudai , Takahashi Sho
Published: December 2013

In order to develop a new orthogonal dual-frequency laser, we studied a fiber ring laser using a SOA (semiconductor optical amplifier) and aim to apply it to a novel light source for optical heterodyne interferometry. The frequency difference was generated by a linear or circular birefringent medium inserted into the ring cavity. To obtain heterodyne signal optical and electrical filters were introduced.
Analysis on a Cascaded Structure in Open-Loop Time Amplifier for High-Speed Operation
Authors: Niitsu Kiichi , Harigai Naohiro , Hirabayashi Daiki , Sakurai Masato , Osawa Yusuke , Yamaguchi Takahiro J. , Kobayashi Haruo
Published: December 2013

This work presents a study on design for obtaining high-speed operation in a cascaded open-loop time amplifier. Cascaded structure is effective for high-speed operation because recovery time from metastability per stage can be reduced. SPICE simulations with 65 nm CMOS have performed for verifying the effectiveness of the cascaded structure. Simulated results show that the cascaded time amplifier can achieve high-speed operation.
Design Methodology and Jitter Analysis of a Delay Line for High-Accuracy On-Chip Jitter Measurements
Authors: Niitsu Kiichi , Sakuma Kazunori , Harigai Naohiro , Hirabayashi Daiki , Takai Nobukazu , Yamaguchi Takahiro J. , Kobayashi Haruo
Published: December 2013

This work presents the design methodology and jitter analysis of a delay line for high-accuracy on-chip jitter measurements. Jitter generated in the delay lines degrades the accuracy of on-chip jitter measurements, and required to be minimized. In order to analyze and the jitter generation in the delay lines, SPICE simulation was performed with 65 nm CMOS technology. Simulation results show that jitter due to thermal noise can be reduced by enlarging the transistor sizes of both PMOS and NMOS. Based on the results, design methodology of a delay line is introduced for minimizing the jitter generation.
Effect of Deglycosylation on the Fibrin Polymerization Depending on NaCl Concentration
Authors: Kubota Kenji , Toyama Yoshiharu , Nameki Nobukazu , Wakamatsu Kaori
Published: December 2013

Cleavage of carbohydrate chains linked to fibrinogen molecule results in an acceleration of fibrin polymerization, fibrin gel formation, by promoting the lateral aggregation of protofibrils. Sialic acid at the unreduced terminus of carbohydrate chain plays an essentially important role in the lateral aggre-gation. Fibrin polymerization is significantly affected by the solvent condition, e.g., pH and ionic strength. Terminal sialic acid are supposed to interact with amino terminal region of Bβ chain, in which there are many basic amino acid residues, and thus such interactions are expected to be electrostatic. In order to clarify whether the electrostatic interactions are essential for lateral aggregation, we examined temporal growth of fibrin polymerization of deglycosylated fibrinogen at high NaCl concentration. Marked acceleration of lateral aggregation was observed in deglycosylated fibrinogen even at high NaCl concentration where lateral aggregation was significantly inhibited in intact fibrinogen. These results suggest specific interactions of terminal sialic acid of the carbohydrate chain with the central E region of fibrinogen molecule, which may be important for the regulation of lateral aggregation rather than electrostatic interactions between the terminal sialic acids and the amino terminal region of Bβ chain.
Estimation of Order Parameter and Spin Moment of Fe3Pt by White X-Ray Diffraction Method
Authors: Hiiragi Kenta , Naito Masahiro , Watanabe Hiromi , Maruyama Hiroshi , Ito Masahisa
Published: December 2013

Diffraction intensities of a single crystal of Fe3Pt alloy have been measured by using white X-rays of synchrotron radiation. The observed intensities have been compared with the calculated ones for fundamental and superlattice reflections. By normalizing the calculated intensities of fundamental reflections to the observed ones and evaluating the ratio of the observed intensity of superlattice reflection to the calculated ones, we have estimated the order parameter as 0.82±0.03. The obtained order parameter has been applied to an analysis of the X-ray magnetic diffraction data to estimate the spin moment of Fe and Pt atoms in this alloy.
Composition Dependence of the Glass Network Structure in Li+-ion Conducting Glasses of (LiCl)x(LiPO3)1-x Studied by 31P MAS NMR
Authors: Ogiwara Yusuke , Dejima Kimiko , Kyomen Toru , Hanaya Minoru
Published: December 2013

In order to obtain information about the structure of a typical Li+-ion conducting glass of (LiCl)x(LiPO3)1-x, 31P MAS NMR measurements were performed for the glass samples with different LiCl compositions x from 0 to 0.4. NMR spectra of the samples indicated the existence of two kinds of P atoms; one is that within the-P-O-P-O-P-chain of LiPO3, P(Q2), and the other is that at the ends of the chain, P(Q1). The ratio of the amount of P(Q1) to that of P(Q2) was observed to increase with the increment of x. The result shows that the addition of LiCl to the glass former of LiPO3 changes the glass network structure by cutting P-O bonds in one-dimensional phosphate chain, and the increment of the Li+-ion conductivity with the increase of x is concluded to be brought not only by the increase of the amount of LiCl dissolved into the interstices between the phosphate glass networks but also by the dispersion of the phosphate glass network structure.
Nitrification of Nb-Modified Titanias Prepared by the Solvothermal Method and their Photocatalytic Activities under Visible-Light Irradiation
Authors: Noguchi Shinnosuke , Tokutome Toru , Iwamoto Shinji
Published: December 2013

Niobium modified titania samples were prepared by thermal reaction of titanium tetraisopropoxide and niobium pentaethoxide in 1,4-butanediol at 300 °C (solvothermal method), and the products were nitrified in an NH3 flow at 600 °C. The physicochemical property of the thus-obtained N-and Nb-co-doped titanias and visible-light response photocatalytic activity of FeOx-loaded N-and Nb-co-doped titanias were investigated. The N-and Nb-co-doped titanias had larger absorptions in the visible-light range as compared to the only N-doped titania samples. In ESR spectra of the Nb-modified TiO2 samples annealed at 300 °C after the nitrification, signals due to Ti3+ and oxygen vacancies, which accelerate the recombination of the photo-generated electrons and holes, were clearly observed. On the other hand, for the N-and Nb-co-doped titanias annealed at 500 °C, the signals due to Ti3+ and oxygen vacancies decreased significantly. Actually, the FeOx-loaded N-and Nb-co-doped samples annealed at 500 °C exhibited a higher photocatalytic activity for a photocatalytic decomposition of acetaldehyde under visible-light irradiation.
In Situ SAXS Analysis during Uniaxial Drawing of Polyethylene-block-Polystyrene Copolymer Film
Authors: Uehara Hiroki , Kakiage Masaki , Tanaka Hidekazu , Yamanobe Takeshi
Published: December 2013

Structural deformation during uniaxial drawing of polyethylene-block-polystyrene (PE-b-PS) copolymer film was analyzed by in-situ small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurement. The PE-b-PS film was prepared by solution casting, followed by isothermally crystallizing from melt. The obtained film exhibits the characteristic bicontinuous crystalline/amorphous morphology. Initial stage of uniaxial drawing induces the orientation of such crystalline/amorphous phases, but these phase separation is destroyed in the latter stage. In contrast, solvent swelling treatment successfully induces the orientation of crystalline/amorphous phases with keeping the phase continuity.
Fabrication of Carbon Nanodot Arrays with a Pitch of 20 nm for Pattern-Transfer of PDMS Self-Assembled Nanodots
Authors: Liu Jing , Huda Miftakhul , bin Mohamad Zulfakri , Zhang Hui , Yin You , Hosaka Sumio
Published: December 2013

We investigated the fabrication of self-assembled nanodot array using poly (styrene)-poly (dimethyl-siloxane) (PS-PDMS) block copolymer and its transfer technique as a promising method to fabricate magnetic nanodot arrays for ultrahigh density recording. A carbon (C) layer with a high etch-resistance was especially adopted for magnetic nanodot fabrication. We fabricated PDMS nanodot using PS-PDMS block copolymer with a molecular mass of 11,700-2,900 g/mol. The nanodots were first transferred into silicon (Si) layer and then into C layer on Si substrate by carbon tetrafluoride (CF4) and oxygen (O2) reactive ion etching (RIE), respectively. We succeeded in fabricating C nanodots with a diameter of 10 nm and an average pitch of 20 nm.
Selected Problems of Cogeneration Energy Systems Designing, Fueled with Landfill Biogas
Authors: Ziolkowski Maciej
Published: December 2013

The article discusses the impact of the quality of biogas fuel for operation of generating sets with internal combustion engines. There are presented selected investigation results of landfill biogas fueled gensets operation. The article includes also discussion of the possibility of increasing the efficiency of biogas fuelled cogeneration systems. It also presents guidelines for the optimal design of landfill biogas fueled engines, ensuring their reliability.
Modal Parameters Identification with Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Galewski Marek A.
Published: December 2013

The paper presents method of the modal parameters identification based on the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The basic PSO algorithm is modified in order to achieve fast convergence and low estimation error of identified parameters values. The procedure of identification as well as algorithm modifications are presented and some simple examples for the SISO systems are provided. Results are compared with the results obtained for Least Square Complex Exponential (LSCE) method.
Free Convection of Water-Al2O3 Nanofluid from Horizontal Porous Coated Tube
Authors: Cieśliński Janusz T. , Krygier Katarzyna
Published: December 2013

Nanofluids are expected to enhance heat transfer in many thermal systems. Present efforts are concentrated on boiling heat transfer of nanofluids, although single phase convection is of key importance in various appliances such as car radiators or heating systems. This paper presents experimental results of heat transfer during free convection of water-Al3O3 nanofluid from horizontal tube covered with metallic porous coating. Contrary to theoretical considerations deterioration of heat transfer was observed.
Carbon Dioxide Potential Reduction Using Start-Stop System in a Car
Authors: Kropiwnicki Jacek , Kneba Zbigniew
Published: December 2013

Operating fuel consumption increases significantly when the vehicle stops frequently while driving or when the engine is idling during braking. In such cases, the internal combustion engine consumes the fuel but the mechanical energy is not used by the drive system. The amount of fuel that is consumed in this time by the engine can potentially be saved if the car is equipped with a Stop-Start system. Start-Stop system automatically shuts down and restarts the internal combustion engine due to strategy used by controller reducing this way toxic compounds emissions in exhaust gasses and the fuel consumption, which is directly connected to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The paper presents an analysis of the potential reduction in CO2emissions for selected vehicles with Start-Stop system during operation in selected urban agglomeration using different strategies to control this system. The study was carried out using numerical models of propulsion systems. The results were compared with the statistical data derived from regular use of vehicles equipped with such a system.
Wettability of Horizontal Stainless Steel Tube by Nanofluid Droplets
Authors: Cieśliński Janusz T. , Krygier Katarzyna
Published: December 2013

Wetting is the interaction of a liquid with a solid and is found in numerous natural processes as well as being of extreme importance to many industrial and engineering processes, such as absorption, distillation, flotation, gas scrubbing, condensation. Wetting is of key importance in boiling process, because contact angle, that is the measure of the degree of wetting, affects density of active nucleation sites, bubble departure diameter, and finally critical heat flux [. If the liquid will completely spread out on the solid surface and the contact angle will be close to zero degrees, the surface is called superhydrophilic. Less hydrophilic surfaces will have contact angle below 90o. If the surface is hydrophobic, the contact angle will be larger than 90o. Surfaces with contact angle larger than 150o are called superhydrophobic Fig. 1.
Development of a Stall Barrier with Internal Flow Channel for Effective, Highly Separated Boundary Layer and Flow Control in the Rotor Blade Root Region
Authors: Kortenstedde Frank , Stanke Benjamin , Wendler Christian , Steckemetz Bernd
Published: December 2013

As part of a cluster project in the Aerospace research cluster at the Hochschule Bremen, the model rotor blade of a wind turbine is to be aerodynamically optimized with a more effective stall barrier. The flow element to be developed should provide very effective interruption of the radial flow on the rotor blade. A combination of this flow element and the "Splitflap" flow element allows the aerodynamic efficiency of the rotor blade to be further improved.
Effect of the Inclination on Three-Dimensional Incompressible Fluid Flow in a Discretely Heated Cavity
Authors: Belarche Lahoucine , Abourida Btissam , Smolen Slawomir , Mediouni Touria
Published: December 2013

Natural convection in inclined cubic cavity, discretely heated, is studied numerically using a three-dimensional finite volume formulation. Two heating square portions are placed on the vertical wall of the enclosure, while the rest of the considered wall is adiabatic. These sections, similar to the integrated electronic components, generate a heat flux q". The opposite vertical wall is maintained at a cold uniform temperature Tc and the other walls are adiabatic. The fluid flow and heat transfer in the cavity are studied for different sets of the governing parameters, namely the Rayleigh number Ra (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 107), the cavity inclination γ (- 45° ≤ γ ≤ 45°) and the position of the heating sections λ (0.3 ≤ λ ≤ 0.7). The dimensions of the heater sections, ε = D / H and the longitudinal aspect ratio of the cavity Ax = H / L are respectively fixed to 0.35 and 1.