bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Graves' Disease with Insanity
Authors: Robertson Alexander
Published: February 2018

Before narrating the case which is the basis of this communication, I shall briefly advert to the leading features, and the views held regarding the nature of the remarkable neurosis with whose discovery the name of the late eminent Dublin Professor, Dr. Graves, is most frequently associated. The dependence of the psychical and somatic phenomena on one cause, common to both, will thus be more clearly demonstrated, and the claim which it seems to me the disorder of the mind has to be regarded as a distinct form of insanity will be more apparent.
Clinical Observations on the Blood of the Insane
Authors: Macphail S. Rutherford
Published: February 2018

While the condition of the blood vessels in General Paralysis has been a subject of discussion by many observers, and the state of the pulse, including sphygmographic tracings, has engaged the attention of Thompson and others, I have been unable, in the literature to which I have had access, to find reference to any observations on the state of the blood in this disease.
Clinical Cases
Authors: Wiglesworth Joseph
Published: February 2018

Annie P., æt. 35 years, had been an inmate of Rainhill Asylum for 12 years. She was subject to attacks of recurrent mania, in the intervals between which she would be quiet, orderly, and rational; the attacks usually lasted some months, and were attended with great restlessness and loquacity, but not with much incoherence. She was at these times very mischievous and destructive, and was indeed a very troublesome patient — generally appearing to have a very good notion of what she was about, and seeming to commit many of her destructive acts on purpose to give trouble, though this apparent capacity for self-restraint was doubtless illusory. In April, 1883, she had been for upwards of 18 months in a maniacal condition, which attack had thus been not only unusually prolonged, but had also been in some respects exceptionally severe. On May 1st following she did not appear very well, but exhibited at that time no special symptoms beyond a little mental dulness and some delay in responding to questions. These symptoms gradually increased, and though there were no physical signs of disease, patient called out at times when moved; she took her food fairly well, but had to be fed, and her bowels were freely relieved after medicine. At 2.15 p.m., on the 5th inst., a great change was observed in her; her face was noted to be livid, conjunctivae insensitive to touch, pupils much dilated, being each about 6 mm., and did not respond to light; respirations slow; pulse 80, full; temp. about 95° (the index did not rise at all, and the thermometer did not register lower); limbs flaccid; plantar reflex, very slightly marked, as also were the knee jerks. She was, in fact, deeply comatose, and presented all the symptoms of cerebral hæmorrhage, a diagnosis of which was, with some confidence, made. Two drops of croton oil were given, and an enema, but neither had any effect. At 5 p.m., in addition to deepening coma, there was distinct drawing of the angle of the mouth to left. The eyes were directed straight forwards, or with a very, slight external deviation in each. At 10 p.m. every muscle in the extremities appeared absolutely flaccid, and the reflexes were completely abolished. Pupils as before. Respirations irregular, with mucous rattling in throat. Pulse 110, bounding. Temp, about 95° (the index, as before, would not rise at all). 11.45 p.m., died.
3. Retrospect of Criminal Anthropology
Authors: Ellis Havelock
Published: February 2018

The deeply interesting and instructive Museum of Criminal Anthropology, founded by Lacassagne in the noble university on the banks of the Rhone, is well known to all medical visitors to Lyons. It is now proposed by the Faculty of Medicine at Turin to establish a museum somewhat similar in character, though of wider scope, at the university with which Lombroso has so long been connected. All the material, so far as it can be collected, for the study of the causes, symptoms, and therapeutics of insanity and criminality will here be brought together. The medical man, the lawyer, and the philosopher will be able to examine the “palimpsests” of the asylum and the prison, the data concerning the ætiology of crime and mental perturbations, the geography of crime, etc., and the skeletons and brains of the insane and criminal will demonstrate the close connection between mental aberrations and corporal abnormalities. Such a museum must form a most valuable source of instruction in psychiatry, and it is to be hoped that the initiative of France and Italy may before long be followed in England. I may add that a Museum of Psychology—not of morbid psychology especially—was founded a few years since at Florence by Professor Mantegazza.
A Plea for the Conjoined Study of Mental Science and Practice. Being the Introductory Lecture to a Course of Medical Psychology
Authors: Laycock Thomas
Published: February 2018

In this university the study of medical psychology and mental diseases is wholly voluntary. None of the faculties require candidates for degrees to attend the course I deliver, or examine them in the subjects discussed. Doubtless the faculties of arts, theology, and law, might reasonably object to so great an encroachment upon vested interests and established traditions; but it is different with the faculty of medicine, because moral philosophy has only been added to the curriculum of medical studies since I commenced to deliver this course. I have therefore thought it would be expedient (and suggested it, indeed) to permit students of medicine going up for their degrees to choose between medical psychology and moral philosophy; nevertheless the course is still without even this modified recognition. Nor do any of the other medical boards of examiners of the United Kingdom require it. The Senate of the University of London has, however, very lately recommended the practical study of mental diseases to candidates for medical degrees; but valuable and important as this step is, yet, inasmuch as it excludes medical psychology, it falls very far short of what must ultimately be required in the interests of society of all students seeking general culture or to enter any of the learned professions. I entertain a deep-rooted conviction that mental science, in the modern and practical sense of the term, will sooner or later be forced on the attention of political economists and statesmen as one of the needs of the time; and I am equally convinced that no such science is possible except by the observation and study of morbid mental states. I therefore propose on this occasion to plead for the general study of medical psychology or mental science developed according to this method in this classroom, and although I may not hope to be successful in my pleading, I trust I shall at least encourage you who engage in the study voluntarily to pursue it ardently, as offering its own full reward for any labour you may bestow upon it.
A Case of General Paralysis, with Examination of the Brain, Medulla Oblongata and Spinal Cord
Authors: Clarke J. Lockhart
Published: February 2018

This case was in the Glasgow Royal Infirmary under the care of Dr. Gairdner, who sent me for examination portions of the cerebral hemispheres, the pons Varolii, the medulla oblongata, and spinal cord. The following were the chief and most prominent symptoms:—

Imperfect articulation and srvaying gait, characteristic of General Paralysis of the Insane, inequality of pupils, well marked delusion as to the origin of the disease; acquired habits of lying, swearinq, and stealing.
Consciousness
Authors: Bastian H. Charlton
Published: February 2018

“All theories of the human mind profess to be interpretations of Consciousness: the conclusions of all of them are supposed to rest on that ultimate evidence, either immediately or remotely. What Consciousness directly reveals, together with what can be legitimately inferred from its revelations, compose by universal admission all that we know of the mind, or, indeed, of any other thing. When we know what any philosopher considers to be revealed in Consciousness, we have the key to the entire character of his metaphysical system.”
The Cottage System of Management of Lunatics as practised in Scotland, with Suggestions for its Elaboration and Improvement
Authors: Tuke J. B.
Published: February 2018

The more general adoption of the “Cottage System” for the boarding out of harmless and incurable lunatics is regarded by many as the only remedy for the increased demand for Asylum accommodation, for the reduction of expenditure, and for the prevention of the overgrowth of Asylums. In Scotland the suggestion meets with the approbation of high authority—in England it does not. I have experienced no small reluctance in coming forward now to express my opinion of the working of the system as it now exists in Scotland, and to narrate my experience of it derived from actual inspection; but conceiving it to be a fair field for discussion, I enter upon it in the full hope that, however much my views may militate against the opinion of the advocates of the “Cottage System,” they will be accepted as unbiassed by aught but a desire to promote the welfare of the lunatic and the public at large.
Voluntary Patients in Asylums
Authors: Haynes Stanley
Published: February 2018

It has appeared to me highly desirable, if not requisite, that there should be some extension of the present system for the admission of boarders into establishments for the insane, and that the anomalous and confusing condition of the existing laws referring to them, by which each division of our country has its enactments at variance with the others, should be amended in such a manner that all parts of Great Britain and Ireland should be subject to one scheme of legislation on the subject.
1. Twenty-fourth Report of the Commissioners in Lunacy to the Lord Chancellor. 1870. 2. Twelfth Annual Report of the General Board of Commissioners in Lunacy for Scotland. 1870
Authors: T. S. C.
Published: February 2018

The number of persons in Great Britain registered as insane is now 62,023. Of these 54,713 are English and 7,310 Scotch. Ten years ago the numbers were 39,647 and 6,251, or 45,898 in all. An increase of 16,125 lunatics in ten years in this country is a most noteworthy fact. It has hitherto received no thoroughly satisfactory explanation. We can conceive of no question the solution of which would be more interesting medically, socially, and economically. It is to be earnestly hoped that the Commissioners in Lunacy will soon attempt it. They alone have the materials for working it out. They have already put forward partial explanations, or rather theories, supported by a certain amount of fact. But the subject in all its bearings is still in want of a satisfactory handling. All the facts and figures that bear on (1st) the cases registered as insane for the first time each year, (2nd) the mortality among the insane, (3rd) their mode of accommodation and treatment in each district from year to year, and (4th) the cases left as insane at the end of each year, would require to be ascertained and carefully considered before a true conclusion could be arrived at. Under the first heading a comparison of the numbers of well marked cases of the different varieties of recent insanity occurring each year would require to be made. And all the truth could not be got until a similar comparison of the varieties of chronic cases for the first time registered as insane each year was made, and also an attempt to discover the original forms of their insanity, the treatment to which they had been subjected, and its influence on their malady. Under the second heading, the death rate in each variety of insanity under the different kinds of treatment and distribution, the prospects of life and “natural termination” of the chronic cases, would have to be studied and compared with the numbers of new cases registered each year, and with the death rate and rapidity of increase of the population at large. The third point referred to would enable corrections to be made for certain counties in which changes in the accommodation for the insane had been made, and then all the preceding vital statistics applied to the figures under the fourth heading would bring out the whole truth in regard to the subject. In the Scotch report there is a new and able effort to take the question of age into account in dealing with the vital statistics of the insane; but unfortunately the chief value of the facts are not brought out, by not comparing them with the returns of the Registrar-General in regard to the numbers of the general population of different ages.
PER2 regulation of mammary gland development
Authors: McQueen Cole M. , Schmitt Emily E. , Sarkar Tapasree R. , Elswood Jessica , Metz Richard P. , Earnest David , Rijnkels Monique , Porter Weston W.
Published: March 2018

The molecular clock plays key roles in daily physiological functions, development and cancer. Period 2 (PER2) is a repressive element, which inhibits transcription activated by positive clock elements, resulting in diurnal cycling of genes. However, there are gaps in our understanding of the role of the clock in normal development outside of its time-keeping function. Here, we show that PER2 has a noncircadian function that is crucial to mammalian mammary gland development. Virgin Per2-deficient mice, Per2−/−, have underdeveloped glands, containing fewer bifurcations and terminal ducts than glands of wild-type mice. Using a transplantation model, we show that these changes are intrinsic to the gland and further identify changes in cell fate commitment. Per2−/− mouse mammary glands have a dual luminal/basal phenotypic character in cells of the ductal epithelium. We identified colocalization of E-cadherin and keratin 14 in luminal cells. Similar results were demonstrated using MCF10A and shPER2 MCF10A human cell lines. Collectively this study reveals a crucial noncircadian function of PER2 in mammalian mammary gland development, validates the Per2−/− model, and describes a potential role for PER2 in breast cancer.
HSP90 regulates larval settlement of the bryozoan Bugula neritina through NO pathway
Authors: Yang Xiao-Xue , Zhang Yu , Wong Yue-Him , Qian Pei-Yuan
Published: February 2018

The larvae of many sessile marine invertebrates go through a settlement process, during which the planktonic larvae attach to a substrate and metamorphose into sessile juveniles. Larval attachment and metamorphosis (herein defined as “settlement”) are complex processes mediated by many signaling pathways. Nitric oxide (NO) signaling is one of the pathways that inhibits larval settlement in marine invertebrates across different phyla. NO is synthesized by NO synthase (NOS), which is a client of molecular chaperon heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). In the present study, we provide evidence that NO, a gaseous messenger, regulates larval settlement of B. neritina. By using pharmacological bioassays and western blotting, we demonstrated that NO inhibits larval settlement of B. neritina and that NO signals occur mainly in the sensory organ of swimming larvae. The settlement rate of B. neritina larvae decreased after heat shock treatment. Inhibition of HSP90 induced larval settlement, and attenuated the inhibition of NO donors during larval settlement. In addition, the expression level of both HSP90 and NOS declined upon settlement. These results demonstrate that HSP90 regulates the larval settlement of B. neritina by interacting with the NO pathway.
The membrane pacemaker hypothesis: novel tests during the ontogeny of endothermy
Authors: Price Edwin R. , Sirsat Tushar S. , Sirsat Sarah K. G. , Curran Thomas , Venables Barney J. , Dzialowski Edward M.
Published: February 2018

The ‘membrane pacemaker’ hypothesis proposes a biochemical explanation for among-species variation in resting metabolism, based on the positive correlation between membrane docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and metabolic rate. We tested this hypothesis using a novel model, altricial red-winged blackbird nestlings, predicting that the proportion of DHA in muscle and liver membranes should increase with the increasing metabolic rate of the nestling as it develops endothermy. We also used a dietary manipulation, supplementing the natural diet with fish oil (high DHA) or sunflower oil (high linoleic acid) to alter membrane composition and then assessed metabolic rate. In support of the membrane pacemaker hypothesis, DHA proportions increased in membranes from pectoralis muscle, muscle mitochondria, and liver during post-hatch development. By contrast, elevated dietary DHA had no effect on resting metabolic rate, despite causing significant changes to membrane lipid composition. During cold challenges, higher metabolic rates were achieved by birds that had lower DHA and higher linoleic acid in membrane phospholipids. Given the mixed support for this hypothesis, we conclude that correlations between membrane DHA and metabolic rate are likely spurious, and should be attributed to a still-unidentified confounding variable.
Miniaturisation decreases visual navigational competence in ants
Authors: Palavalli-Nettimi Ravindra , Narendra Ajay
Published: February 2018

Evolution of smaller body size in a given lineage, called miniaturisation, is commonly observed in many animals including ants. It affects various morphological features and is hypothesized to result in inferior behavioural capabilities, possibly owing to smaller sensory organs. To test this hypothesis, we studied whether reduced spatial resolution of compound eyes influences obstacle detection or obstacle avoidance in five different species of ants. We trained all ant species to travel to a sugar feeder. During their return journeys, we placed an obstacle close to the nest entrance. We found that ants with higher spatial resolution exited the corridor, the area covered between either ends of the obstacle, on average 10 cm earlier suggesting they detected the obstacle earlier in their path. Ants with the lowest spatial resolution changed their viewing directions only when they were close to the obstacle. We discuss the effects of miniaturisation on visual navigational competence in ants.
High activity before breeding improves reproductive performance by enhancing mitochondrial function and biogenesis
Authors: Zhang Yufeng , Brasher Adam L. , Park Noel R. , Taylor Halie A. , Kavazis Andreas N. , Hood Wendy R.
Published: February 2018

Understanding of physiological responses of organisms is typically based on data collected during an isolated event. Although many fundamental insights have been gained from these studies, evaluating the response to a single event ignores the fact that each individual has experienced a unique set of events throughout its life that may have altered its physiology. The idea that prior experiences can influence subsequent performance is known as a carry-over effect. Carry-over effects may explain much of the variation in performance found among individuals. For example, high physical activity has been shown to improve mitochondrial respiratory function and biogenesis and reduce oxidative stress and has been linked to improved health and longevity. In this study, we asked if the bioenergetic differences between active and inactive individuals carry over to impact performance in a subsequent reproductive event and alter a females' reproductive outcome. Female mice that had access to running wheel for a month before mating gave birth to a larger litter and weaned a heavier litter, indicating that high physical activity had a positive carry-over effect to reproduction. Mice that ran also displayed higher mitochondria respiration and biogenesis with no changes in endogenous antioxidant enzymes. These results provide a mechanistic framework for how the conditions that animals experience before breeding can impact reproductive outcomes.
Highly Enhanced Electrochemical Water Oxidation Reaction over Hyperfine β-FeOOH(Cl):Ni Nanorod Electrode by Modification with Amorphous Ni(OH)2
Authors: Suzuki Tomiko M , Nonaka Takamasa , Kitazumi Kosuke , Takahashi Naoko , Kosaka Satoru , Matsuoka Yoriko , Sekizawa Keita , Suda Akihiko , Morikawa Takeshi
Published: February 2018

A highly crystalline, 10 nm-sized red rust water oxidation catalyst composed of pure β-phase FeOOH(Cl) nanorods (ca. 3 × 13 nm) doped with Ni ions (β-FeOOH(Cl):Ni) and surface-modified with amorphous Ni(OH)2 (a-Ni(OH)2, at a Ni to Fe ratio of 22 at.%) was synthesized by a facile one-pot process at room temperature. The overpotential during the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) over the β-FeOOH:Ni/a-Ni(OH)2 stacked nanorod anodes was 170 mV, and an OER current of 10 mA/cm2 was obtained at an overpotential of 430 mV in a 0.1 M KOH solution. X-ray absorption fine structure analysis, Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and impedance spectroscopy suggested that surface modification with the a-Ni(OH)2 lowered the OER overpotential of β-FeOOH(Cl):Ni, resulting in the very high current density at low potential compared with Fe-rich oxide and oxyhydroxide electrodes reported previously. Mössbauer spectroscopy suggested interaction between Fe and Ni species, which may be crucial evidence for the enhanced activity in the Fe-rich OER system.
Understanding the causes and consequences of measles virus persistence
Authors: Griffin Diane E. , Lin Wen-Hsuan W. , Nelson Ashley N.
Published: February 2018

Measles is an acute systemic viral disease with initial amplification of infection in lymphoid tissue and subsequent spread over 10–14 days to multiple organs. Failure of the innate response to control initial measles virus (MeV) replication is associated with the ability of MeV to inhibit the induction of type I interferon and interferon-stimulated antiviral genes. Rather, the innate response is characterized by the expression of proteins regulated by nuclear factor kappa B and the inflammasome. With eventual development of the adaptive response, the rash appears with immune cell infiltration into sites of virus replication to initiate the clearance of infectious virus. However, MeV RNA is cleared much more slowly than recoverable infectious virus and remains present in lymphoid tissue for at least 6 months after infection. Persistence of viral RNA and protein suggests persistent low-level replication in lymphoid tissue that may facilitate maturation of the immune response, resulting in lifelong protection from reinfection, while persistence in other tissues (for example, the nervous system) may predispose to development of late disease such as subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Further studies are needed to identify mechanisms of viral clearance and to understand the relationship between persistence and development of lifelong immunity.
Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of pre-eclampsia
Authors: Duhig Kate , Vandermolen Brooke , Shennan Andrew
Published: February 2018

Pre-eclampsia is a leading cause of maternal mortality, responsible annually for over 60,000 maternal deaths around the globe. Pre-eclampsia is a multisystem disease featuring hypertension, proteinuria, and renal, hepatic, and neurological involvement. Diagnosis is often elusive, as clinical presentation is highly variable. Even those with severe disease can remain asymptomatic. Angiogenic factors are emerging as having a role in the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia and in prognostication of established disease. In this article, we summarize new developments and focus on angiogenic biomarkers for prediction of disease onset. We also discuss recent advances in management strategies for patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
What are the mechanisms that enable the reciprocal involvement of seldom heard groups in health and social care research? A rapid realist review protocol
Authors: Ní Shé Éidín , Davies Carmel , Blake Catherine , Crowley Rachel , McCann Amanda , Fullen Brona , O'Donnell Deirdre , O'Connor Joan , Kelly Sheila , Darcy Majella , Bolger Fiona , Ziebland Sue , Taylor Mervyn , Watt Phillip , O'Sullivan Diarmaid , Day Mary , Mitchell Derick , Donnelly Sarah , McAuliffe Eilish , Gallagher William M. , Walsh Judy , Kodate Naonori , Cutlar Laura , Cooney Marie Therese , Kroll Thilo
Published: February 2018

Background: The University College Dublin (UCD) PPI Ignite Connect Network will fundamentally embed public and patient involvement (PPI) in health-related research, education and training, professional practice and administration in UCD’s institutional structures and procedures. A significant focus of the programme of work is on actively engaging and developing long-term reciprocal relationships with seldom heard groups, via our ten inaugural partners.

Methods: This rapid realist review will explore what are the mechanisms that are important in actively engaging seldom heard groups in health and social care research.  The review process will follow five iterative steps: (1) clarify scope, (2) search for evidence, (3) appraise primary studies and extract data, (4) synthesise evidence and draw conclusions, and (5) disseminate findings. The reviewers will consult with expert and reference panels to focus the review, provide local contextual insights and develop a programme theory consisting of context–mechanism–outcome configurations. The expert panel will oversee the review process and agree, via consensus, the final programme theory. Review findings will follow the adopted RAMESES guideline and will be disseminated via a report, presentations and peer-reviewed publication.

Discussion: The review will update and consolidate evidence on the mechanisms that enable the reciprocal engagement and participation of ‘seldom heard’ groups in health and social care research. Via the expert and reference process, we will draw from a sizeable body of published and unpublished research and grey literature. The local contextual insights provided will aid the development of our programme theories. This new evidence will inform the design and development of the UCD PPI Ignite program focused on ensuring sustained reciprocal partnerships.
Cervical screening: A new way forward (tests of risk and tests of disease)
Authors: O'Leary John J. , White Christine , Spillane Cathy , Naik Padma , O'Brien Roisin , Reynolds Stephen , Pham Trin , Pilkington Loretto , Sharkey Ochoa Imogen , Bolger Noel , Barry O'Crowley Jacqui , Tewari Prerna , O'Toole Sharon , Sweeney Mary , Keegan Helen , Normand Charles , Sharp Linda , Flannelly Grainne , Martin Cara ,   CERVIVA, the Irish Cervical Screening Research Consortium
Published: February 2018

Cervical screening has been a highly successful health promotion initiative. The way cervical screening is delivered is about to change dramatically, with the introduction of 'tests of risk' and 'tests of disease' based on primary HPV testing and the use of cell host response biomarkers.

This article addresses the fundamental basis of this change in clinical practice and offers insights into how the future of cervical screening will look.
Functional Literacy of Younger Schoolchild: Problem Statement
Authors: Виноградова Наталья , Vinogradova Natalya
Published: March 2018

The article considers approaches to the formation of functional literacy of younger schoolchildren as a planned result of learning. The idea of the necessity of singling out the two components of the concept “functional literacy” is revealed: integrative and objective components of its filling. The integrative components of the concept are characterized.
Team Leadership and Performance: Combining the Roles of Direction and Contribution
Authors: Rahmani Morvarid , Roels Guillaume , Karmarkar Uday S.
Published: February 2018

In knowledge-intensive projects, one of the challenges project team leaders often face is how to combine their roles of direction and contribution. In this paper, we propose a game-theoretic model of team leadership of coproductive projects and study how team leaders should combine their directing and contributing efforts depending on the team and project characteristics. Our analysis reveals that two types of team leadership approaches arise in equilibrium, namely, “participatory” team leadership, under which the team leader gives the team members full discretion on their choice of effort, and “directive” team leadership, under which the team leader demands team members exert higher effort than what they would choose to exert voluntarily. We find that directive team leadership is optimal when the team members have low incentives, that is, when their rewards are low, the size of the team is large, or failure is not too costly (e.g., continuation is possible); otherwise, participatory team leadership is optimal. Moreover, we show that a higher degree of effort complementarity (as in innovative projects) leads to greater alignment between the team leader’s and team members’ contributing efforts, which, under directive team leadership, also implies greater alignment between the team leader’s directing and contributing efforts. Finally, the team leader should set the team size and team members’ rewards in a way that accentuates the difference between the two team leadership approaches. That is, under directive team leadership, she should set a large team size and offer the team members low rewards whereas under participatory team leadership she should set a small team size and offer the team members high rewards.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2911 .

This paper was accepted by Ashish Arora, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Data Uncertainty in Markov Chains: Application to Cost-Effectiveness Analyses of Medical Innovations
Authors: Goh Joel , Bayati Mohsen , Zenios Stefanos A. , Singh Sundeep , Moore David
Published: February 2018

Cost-effectiveness studies of medical innovations often suffer from data inadequacy. When Markov chains are used as a modeling framework for such studies, this data inadequacy can manifest itself as imprecision in the elements of the transition matrix. In this paper, we study how to compute maximal and minimal values for the discounted value of the chain (with respect to a vector of state-wise costs or rewards) as these uncertain transition parameters jointly vary within a given uncertainty set. We show that these problems are computationally tractable if the uncertainty set has a row-wise structure. Conversely, we prove that the row-wise structure is necessary for tractability. Without it, the problems become computationally intractable (strongly NP-hard). We apply our model to assess the cost-effectiveness of fecal immunochemical testing (FIT), a new screening method for colorectal cancer. Our results show that despite the large uncertainty in FIT’s performance, it could be cost-effective relative to the prevailing screening method of colonoscopy.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1685 .
Entrepreneurial Finance and the Effects of Restrictions on Government R&D Subsidies
Authors: Conti Annamaria
Published: March 2018

Entrepreneurial ventures often face liquidity constraints. While governments have intervened with programs subsidizing research and development (R&D) projects, these programs may have their effectiveness undermined by the restrictions they impose on subsidy recipients. We study the impact on venture outcomes of one important restriction, namely, the prohibition on transferring know-how away from a given geographic area. Using novel data on Israeli start-ups and evaluating a policy change that relaxed this restriction, we find that the policy change increased the likelihood of applying for a subsidy for start-ups most likely to have been affected by the restriction. We also show that R&D subsidies had a significant positive effect on start-up survival, the ability to attract external investment, and innovation, but only for recipients applying for subsidies after the restriction was relaxed.

The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2017.1168 .
District nurses now less likely to face prosecution for gross negligence manslaughter
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: March 2018

In this article the author discusses the Court of Appeal decision in R v Rose [2017] that redefines the threshold for prosecution for gross negligence manslaughter. The impact on district nurses will be that they are unlikely to face prosecution where a careless error contributed to a patient's death unless there was a serious and obvious risk of death at the time the error was made.
Talk is cheap
Authors: Barker Karen
Published: February 2018

Whether careless, insensitive, or a failure to reflect changing times, wrongly used words can be damaging. Midwives need to learn, writes Karen Barker, but not at the expense of the profession
Infant dry skin: Clinical practice and the evidence to support it
Authors: Cooke Alison
Published: February 2018

Parental concern over infant dry skin is a common challenge that midwives and other maternity professionals frequently address in the early postnatal period. Although infant dry skin is a normal process of adaptation to extra-uterine life, parents often wish to treat it, and there is uncertainty among health professionals about what is safe and best practice. For decades, health professionals have recommended the use of topical natural oils to prevent or treat infant dry skin, but more recently, there has been increasing concern that use of these oils on the skin may be a contributory factor in the rising prevalence of childhood atopic eczema. This article will consider how infant skin may be affected by topical products, the role of the health professional giving infant skin care advice and current evidence to support clinical practice.
Threatening incarceration for pregnant women who drink alcohol
Authors: Symon Andrew
Published: February 2018

A county in the US has declared an intention to prosecute and potentially incarcerate women who consume alcohol or drugs during pregnancy. Andrew Symon explores the legal issues at stake
Rejuvenating the temple hollows using hyaluronic acid dermal fillers
Authors: Hubbard Kev
Published: February 2018

Global facial rejuvenation requires the treatment of several regions, from the forehead to the chin. One of the most common areas practitioners inject with dermal fillers is the temples, however this requires an advanced level of knowledge of both anatomy and complication management. Kev Hubbard explains the impact of ageing on the temples and outlines an evidence-based treatment protocol
Value of volume restoration procedures with dermal filler in the mid-face
Authors: Hall Bethany
Published: February 2018

Mid-face procedures can be undertaken in a specific area or as part of the process of global facial rejuvenation. Bethany Hall highlights key considerations related to this treatment, such as patient suitability, product choice and administration technique. She also discusses complications that can occur and the impact of poor product choice on outcomes
Smaller, lighter, faster? Reducing the carbon footprint of ambulances
Authors: Harmer Luke , Hignett Sue
Published: March 2018

This paper outlines a feasibility project investigating the potential for smaller, lighter rapid response vehicles (RRVs) in reducing the carbon footprint and response times of ambulances. Five stakeholder consultations were held with two ambulance trusts, an ambulance manufacturer, a paramedic and the Ultra-Light Vehicle Group to generate three novel design concepts for RRVs, which were then reviewed by four UK fleet managers and four clinicians. The results indicated that the integrated clinician service model could create a future market for smaller, lighter vehicles. Reducing carbon emissions in the short term will most likely be achieved using lower emission engines and improving engine and power management for dual-crewed ambulances. In the medium term (5–10 years), there will be a demand for low emission, composite light-weight dual-crewed ambulances.
Taking cinematic aesthetics into outer space: Dreaming of Space and Paper Soldier
Authors: Majsova Natalija
Published: February 2018

This article takes up Rancière’s conceptualization of the regimes of art in order to explore what might be left of art, if the scale of the world is expanded to the cosmos, rather than constrained to earth. Starting from the assertion that the beginning of the space age may be considered an event that radically reshapes the coordinates of subjectivity, the paper discusses its reverberations in the realm of aesthetics. The text focuses on two recent Russian films about the beginning of the space age: Dreaming of Space (2005) and Paper Soldier (2008). Both films are examined as statements – ones that are contextually bound and yet that harbour an element of excess – rather than as mere representations of a certain socio-cultural context.
Perbedaan Kadar Troponin T dan Troponin I Serum pada Berbagai Derajat Infeksi Virus Dengue Anak
Authors: Sudjadi Anthony , DLH Dzulfikar , Kuswiyanto Rahmat Budi
Published: February 2018

Latar belakang. Perbedaan kadar troponin T diketahui berhubungan dengan derajat infeksi virus dengue, tetapi belum diketahui pada troponin I.Tujuan. Mengetahui perbedaan kadar troponin T dan I pada berbagai derajat infeksi virus dengue anak.Metode. Penelitian observasional analitik, rancangan potong lintang pada anak kelompok demam dengue (DD), demam berdarah dengue tanpa syok (DBD), dan sindrom syok dengue (SSD) di RSUP Dr.Hasan Sadikin, RSUD: Majalaya, Cibabat, dan Kota Bandung. Troponin T dan I diperiksa saat awal perawatan dan fase pemulihan. Analisis: uji Kruskal Wallis +analisis post hoc, dan uji Wilcoxon.Hasil. Didapat 49 anak infeksi virus dengue. Hasil pemeriksaan kelompok DD, DBD, dan SSD (berturut-turut) adalah troponin T awal: 3,32, 3,0, 9,01 pg/mL, pemulihan (kurang jelas, lebih baik disebutkan rerata hari ke berapa sakit): 3,0, 3,0, 6,21 pg/mL, Troponin I awal: 2,10, 2,25, 14,20 ng/L, pemulihan: 2,10, 1,50, 14,35 ng/L. Perbedaan kadar troponin T awal: p=0,015, pemulihan: p=0,009, troponin I awal: p=0,032, pemulihan: p=0,062. Perbedaan pemeriksaan awal dan fase pemulihan kelompok DD, DBD, dan SSD (berturut-turut): Troponin T: p=0,420, 0,055, 0,248, Troponin I: p=0,202, 0,077, 0,285.Kesimpulan. Terdapat perbedaan kadar troponin T dan I pada berbagai derajat infeksi virus dengue anak, kecuali kadar troponin I fase pemulihan. Tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar troponin T dan I antara awal perawatan dan fase pemulihan.
Paisaje litoral de la Laguna de Bacalar (Quintana Roo, México): ocupación del suelo y producción del imaginario por el turismo.
Authors: Gómez Pech Enrique Humberto , Barrasa García Sara , García de Fuentes Ana
Published: February 2018

Este estudio se desarrolló en el Sur del estado de Quintana Roo de la Península de Yucatán, específicamente en cuatro localidades del municipio de Bacalar: Bacalar, Aarón Merino Fernández, Buenavista y Pedro Antonio Santos. Estas localidades, ubicadas contiguas a un cuerpo de agua llamado Laguna de Bacalar (conocida popularmente como la Laguna de los siete colores), han tenido procesos diferentes de intensificación socioeconómica por su incorporación al turismo en los últimos años, cuyas implicaciones han sido los cambios de usos de suelo a lo largo del litoral de la laguna; y la producción de un imaginario local (en el caso de la localidad de Bacalar) por su incorporación al catálogo del Programa Pueblos Mágicos que promueve la Secretaría de Turismo del gobierno federal. En este contexto, este trabajo tiene el objetivo de analizar las implicaciones socioeconómicas producidas en relación a la tenencia de la tierra, derivado del crecimiento turístico en el litoral de la laguna, y analizar el discurso turístico local producido por la política pública del Programa Pueblos Mágicos. Estos objetivos se cumplieron a partir de la revisión bibliográfica y documental, entrevistas semiestructuradas y el análisis cartográfico, lo que permitió en primer lugar reconstruir el proceso de ocupación de la orilla de la Laguna. Destacar que la Laguna de Bacalar ha sido un elemento clave tanto en la configuración del paisaje como en la dinámica turística de la zona, así como en relación con el desarrollo inmobiliario de viviendas de segundas residencias y el surgimiento de un espacio imaginario comercializado como un producto turístico que se relaciona con la creación forzada de un “Pueblo Mágico”. En este sentido, se ha desarrollado una configuración turística residencial a orilla de la Laguna como resultado de una constante especulación inmobiliaria que inició en los años de 1960. Como resultado de este proceso especulativo, el uso de suelo para el turismo ocupa actualmente el 45% del litoral de la Laguna, dominada principalmente por viviendas de segunda residencia. Por otra parte, el centro de Bacalar ha adoptado una imagen urbana no representativa de la región, vinculada o forzada por el programa de Pueblo Mágico (denominación con la que cuenta desde 2006).
Preditores das atitudes negativas face ao envelhecimento e face à sexualidade na terceira idade
Authors: Pereira Diane , Ponte Filomena , Costa Eleonora
Published: March 2018

Este estudo analisou as diferenças entre jovens e idosos ao nível das atitudes e dos conhecimentos face ao envelhecimento e face à sexualidade na terceira idade; a relação entre as variáveis em estudo; e os preditores das atitudes negativas face ao envelhecimento e das atitudes negativas face à sexualidade na terceira idade. Cento e cinquenta e três jovens universitários e 42 idosos participaram no estudo. Os resultados indicaram que os jovens apresentam um menor nível de conhecimentos acerca da sexualidade na terceira idade do que os idosos, e os idosos possuem atitudes mais negativas face ao envelhecimento e atitudes menos permissivas acerca da sexualidade na terceira idade do que os jovens. Verificou-se que quanto maior a atitude negativa face ao envelhecimento, maiores são as atitudes negativas face à sexualidade na terceira idade. Os preditores do idadismo foram a idade  mais elevada e o menor contacto diário com idosos. Os preditores das atitudes negativas face à sexualidade na terceira idade foram a idade mais elevada e as atitudes negativas face ao envelhecimento. É importante intervir junto da população ao nível dos conhecimentos, das atitudes negativas  face ao envelhecimento e modificação das atitudes negativas face à sexualidade na terceira idade.
Sustainability as a contribution to long-term success
Authors: Rocklage Metje
Published: February 2018

Is sustainability a contribution to long-term success? How does it work? Using the case of German graphic design industry businesses, this article explores the influence of sustainability as a contribution to long-term success.
Utilizing Biochar Potential in Nganjuk Regency: Reducing Climate Change Effects and Enhancing Rural-Urban Linkage through Low Carbon Green Growth Program (Lesson Learned from Kameoka City, Japan)
Authors: Wahyudi Eko
Published: February 2018

Climate change is a global issue that all governments have to encounter nowadays. In recent years, many governments are aware of the environmental issues necessary to agenda setting in their development objectives. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) conducted by the United Nations gives guidelines for the governments to integrate both economic and environmental issues in a sustainable development framework. Meanwhile, the rural development has also become a global agenda in reducing the disparity between urban and rural areas. Many governments have conducted development strategies for ensuring economic prosperity along with ecological sustainability, yet for generating rural-urban equality as well. Low Carbon Green Growth Program is one of the strategies aimed to meet those objectives. The main purpose of the program is to reduce carbon dioxide emission to minimize the effects of greenhouse gasses (GHGs) as the main cause of climate change and global warming. An immediate action useful to implement the program is managing and utilizing biochar in agricultural process. Previous studies have proved that the biochar reduces CO2 emission and also restores soil fertility. One of the best applicable Low Carbon Green Growth Programs might be the pilot project conducted in Kameoka City of Japan called The Carbon Minus Project. The project’s main purpose is to reduce carbon emission by promoting a low-carbon lifestyle, yet economically profitable. Nganjuk Regency generates abundant biomass from agriculture products, livestock, plantation, and forestry. The solid biomass can be converted into biochar through a pyrolysis process. The result of this study is expected to be taken into consideration by the local governments to promote low carbon lifestyle, to combat climate change, and yet to reduce the rural-urban disparity.
Inequalities of Hardy type and generalizations on time scales
Authors: Saker Samir H. , Osman Mahmoud M. , O’Regan Donal , Agarwal Ravi P.
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we prove some new dynamic inequalities on time scales which
as special cases contain several generalizations of integral and discrete
inequalities due to Hardy, Copson, Leindler, Bennett, Pachpatte and Pečarić and Hanjš.
Developmental anomalies of the right hepatic lobe: systematic comparative analysis of radiological features
Authors: Liang Li-Li , Li Hao-Jie , Hu Yao , Li Anqin , Hu Daoyu , Li Zhen
Published: February 2018

Aim

To investigate the radiological characteristics of developmental anomalies of the right hepatic lobe and to systematically compare the efficiency of CT, MR and ultrasound (US) imaging in revealing characteristics of these disorders.

Methods

This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board, and the requirement for informed consent was waived. CT, MR or US imaging and clinical data of 43 cases with developmental anomalies of the right hepatic lobe were independently reviewed by two experienced radiologists. Systematic comparative analysis of the CT, MR, and US imaging data indicating the main signs of right lobe aplasia or hypoplasia were obtained. Then, c2tests were performed to compare the results, considering P<0.05 as the significance threshold.

Results

Agenesis of the right hepatic lobe was observed in two cases. The main imaging features were agenesis of the right lobe and the absence of the right branch of the portal vein and hepatic artery, although one patient exhibited right diaphragm agenesis and a diaphragmatic hernia. Aplasia or hypoplasia of the right hepatic lobe was observed in 41 patients, and among these patients, the main radiological characteristics were as follows: right lobe volume reduction and stenosis of the right portal vein (41 cases, 100%), ectopic gallbladder (39 cases, 95%), left lobe hypertrophy (39 cases, 95%), left portal vein thickening (37 cases, 90%), dextral displacement of the first hepatic portal (32 cases, 78%), caudate lobe hypertrophy (16 cases, 39%), cholelithiasis (12 cases, 29%), portal hypertension (14 cases, 34%), tumor complications (11 cases, 27%), liver abscess (2 cases, 5%), concurrent intrahepatic bile pneumatosis (5 cases, 12%), dysplasia of the right hepatic bile duct (2 cases, 5%), and Budd-Chiari syndrome (2 cases, 5%). Comparative analysis of the main signs of right lobe hypoplasia revealed no significant difference in overall diagnostic efficiency between CT, MRI and US (CT VS MR, X2= 6.28, P = 0.985; CT VS US, X2= 11.2, P = 0.797; US VS MR, X2= 8.48, P = 0.903).

Conclusion

The main radiological characteristics of developmental anomalies of the right hepatic lobe were right lobe volume reduction, stenosis of the right portal vein, ectopic gallbladder, left lobe hypertrophy and dextral displacement of the first hepatic portal. By combining the data from imaging methods (CT, MRI, and US) with clinical data, developmental anomalies of the right hepatic lobe can be relatively accurately diagnosed. The results of this systematic comparative analysis may improve our understanding of this disease.