bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The dark side of local public sector innovation: insights from SAMPADE innovation
Authors: Roziqin Ali , Kamil Muhammad , Romadhan Ach. Apriyanto , Zakaria Ibnu
Published: September 2024

Purpose

In recent years, public sector innovation practices have continuously penetrated central and regional governments. Observations show that many new innovation ideas are abandoned after initial implementation. Therefore, this study aims to examine the dark side of local public sector innovation through the case of the Mobile Application System of Local Tax (SAMPADE) innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used the concept of the dark side of public sector innovation with a focus on SAMPADE innovation. Qualitative study cases were used, and empirical data were collected from semistructured interviews and observations. Secondary data were collected from published primary study sources, including peer-reviewed journals, case studies, government newsletters, online newspapers and books.

Findings

Referring to local findings, this study noted the weaknesses of public sector innovation caused by the failure of policymakers to consider any negative effects.

Research limitations/implications

This study only focuses on the dark side of one example of public service innovation. The results or other conclusions may vary depending on the unfavorable phenomena of public sector innovation.

Originality/value

The dark side of public sector innovation is a theme that many scholars have not analyzed. This study will contribute to the discourse, particularly in the context of local governance and developing countries.
Beyond brick and mortar: determinants of retail investors’ investment intention in indirect real estate through REITs in India
Authors: Swathi G.R. , Uma V.R.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This research aims to identify the factors that influence the investment intention of retail investors in Indian REITs. The study incorporates the theory of planned behavior and innovation diffusion theory as the research framework, with perceived risk and mass media influence as additional constructs.

Design/methodology/approach

Primary data were collected using self-administered questionnaires from 534 potential investors in India. The data were analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling.

Findings

The study showed that factors such as relative advantage, compatibility, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and mass media significantly and positively influence investment intention in Indian REITs. However, perceived risk was found to have a negative and significant influence, while complexity did not affect investment intention.

Originality/value

This is the first quantitative investigation into determining the factors influencing the investment intention of Indian retail investors on Indian REITs.
Comparative analysis on erosion performance of thin coated GFRP laminates in offshore conditions
Authors: Singh Amanpreet , Singh Gurmeet , Kumar Satish
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the erosion performance of coated and uncoated surfaces of glass fibre-reinforced polymers (GFRP) wind turbine blade material using Taguchi's approach. Taguchi's array (L25) optimized erosion wear by varying three parameters: impact velocity, impact angle and run time across five levels.

Design/methodology/approach

The studies were carried out using a whirling arm rig tester with an impact velocity range of 30–70 m/s (metre per second), an impact angle of 0–90 degree and a run time of 30–90 min. Salt water is used as an erosion agent to replicate the offshore environment. Taguchi's method was used to optimize the process parameters.

Findings

The results showed that erosion is less on the coated surface than on the uncoated surface. When compared to other factors, impact velocity was determined to be the most dominant, whereas run time was the least dominant. In addition, GFRP wind turbine blade material exhibits a ductile erosion process. Furthermore, in all experimental trials less erosion was observed on coated surfaces as compared to uncoated surfaces.

Originality/value

Few researches have been done using different design of experiment techniques to optimize the erosion wear response of uncoated GFRP materials and coatings based on polyurethane. Furthermore, mechanism of the erosion and morphology of both surface conditions was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy testing and Minitab software.
Boosting job performance: the impact of autonomy, engagement and age
Authors: Juyumaya Jesus , Torres-Ochoa Cristian , Rojas Germán
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The study aims to investigate the effect of autonomy on employee job performance and the mediation effect of engagement. It also explores whether an employee’s age moderates the model.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected through a face-to-face survey administered to various types of workers in their workplaces. The selection of companies was based on a database available at the university. Response rate was 35%, yielding 210 instruments with complete responses. Structural Equation Modeling was the chosen method for data analysis.

Findings

Results demonstrate a positive and significant relationship between autonomy and engagement as well as between engagement and job performance. Moreover, engagement plays a full mediating role in the relationship between autonomy and job performance. Additionally, while age does not moderate the relationship, it does have a differential impact on the mediation process.

Practical implications

The creation of management strategies focused on resources such as autonomy must be adapted according to seniority, with the purpose of enhancing employee engagement and performance in today’s organizations.

Originality/value

This paper closes a gap between autonomy and Job Demands-Resources theory by providing evidence on the effects of autonomy, engagement and age on job performance.
Parental mediation of mobile/digital devices and children’s consumer behavior: examining the role of parental understanding of mobile/digital advertising
Authors: Sada Garibay Cecilia , Choi Eunjoo , Lapierre Matthew A.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore how American parents’ familiarity and knowledge of mobile advertising are linked to mediational tactics across three mobile media devices (laptops, tablets, smartphones). This study further tests whether advertising knowledge, familiarity and parental media mediation are associated with children’s consumer behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach adopted was a cross-sectional survey of 500 American parents with at least one child between the ages of 5 to 14 who were recruited via Qualtrics. Parents were asked about their familiarity with mobile/digital advertising and their knowledge of such material. They were also asked how they mediated their children’s media experience on the three mobile devices, how often their children asked for consumer goods and how often they argued with their children over the purchase of consumer goods.

Findings

Results showed differences regarding how parents’ advertising knowledge and familiarity were linked to their mediational practices and their child’s consumer behavior. Specifically, advertising familiarity was associated with increased mediation across devices and increased purchase requests/conflict. Conversely, advertising knowledge was only associated with couse/viewing mediation, but this relationship was negative; moreover, knowledge was negatively associated with children’s consumer behavior.

Originality/value

The results of this study offer insights into how knowledge and familiarity with mobile advertising shape parents’ mediational approaches to children. This study provides crucial data linking mediational approaches with children’s consumer behavior.
Micromorphological traits of seed stratification for optimizing biodiversity conservation
Authors: Mustafa Abd El‐Zaher M. A. , Rizwana Humaira
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the relationship between seed morphological traits and dimensions to adapt to arid environments, focusing on microlevel seed structures. Utilizing advanced imaging techniques, we visualized complex seed features and explored their role in enhancing plant adaptability to dry climates, shedding light on crucial mechanisms underlying seed germination and survival strategies in water‐limited ecosystems. Seed morphotypes refer to the physical attributes of seeds, such as size, shape, color, texture, and structure. Fifteen species belonging to ten plant families were examined to investigate seed micromorphological features. Each species exhibits unique seed traits adapted for survival in harsh conditions. Features such as seed size, shape, texture, and surface ornamentation varied significantly among species, reflecting adaptations to optimize seed dispersal, germination, and resilience to arid climates. Seed shape, color, and texture were observed under scanning electron and stereomicroscopes. Micromorphological ultrastructural information has proven useful in determining plant evolution, classification, and ecology. Seed shape varied from elliptic, oblong, ovate, pyramidal to spherical. Surface stratification varied from rugulate, striate reticulate, foveolate, granular to rugose. The seed size varied among species, from very small in Cleome arabica (L = 1.4 mm and W = 0.7 mm) to very large in Aerva (L = 5.1 mm and W = 2.6 mm). Seed color varied from brown, dark brown to black. The microstructural seed traits in arid environments provide valuable insights into plant adaptations to dry climates and have significant implications for crop breeding programs and ecological restoration efforts.
The sacrificed lives of the caring class: crises of social reproduction, unequal Europe, and modern forms of slavery
Authors: Kussy Angelina , Comas‐d'Argemir Dolors
Published: September 2024

There have been plenty of interpretations regarding the meaning and function of sacrifice within the discipline of anthropology. Going beyond sacrifice as a ritual and exploring a wide range of its manifestations and functions as contemporary cultural practices, discourses, and underlying logics, we reveal its role in the social organization of social care provision within the framework of neoliberal capitalism. Our analysis supports the theory that sacrifice can have the function of social control, and of preserving hierarchies. The forgoing of a minority of migrant domestic workers to provide intensive social care becomes the (no) solution to the ongoing care crisis. It thus becomes the way to hide structural violence and dilute responsibilities for society, which benefits from the servile conditions under which the labour is performed. The ethnographic material (observations, informal conversations, and interviews) that is part of our analysis originated from fieldwork in Castellón de la Plana, Spain (2018/19). This analysis, however, goes beyond that case, being valid for reflecting on the position of care for elderly and dependent people in our societies, care in general, the current global trend in social care provision, and the new social reproduction regime in which sacrificial logics play an increasing role.
Food intake in an Australian Aboriginal rural community facing food and water security challenges: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Rosewarne Emalie , Tonkin Trish , Trindall Alinta , Santos Joseph Alvin , Patay Dori , McCausland Ruth , Spencer Wendy , Corby Christine , Coombes Julieann , Mackean Tamara , Leslie Greg , Earle Niall , Baldry Eileen , Shanthosh Janani , Madden Ty , Deane Ann‐Marie , Weatherall Loretta , Moore Bruce , Bennett‐Brook Keziah , Webster Jacqui
Published: September 2024

Aims

Researchers were invited by Aboriginal leaders to collaborate on this study which aimed to assess food intake in the Walgett Aboriginal community to inform long‐term community‐led efforts to improve food and water security and nutrition.

Methods

Aboriginal adults living in or near Walgett, a remote community in north‐west NSW, Australia, completed an adapted Menzies Remote Short‐item Dietary Assessment Tool, which was administered verbally and face‐to‐face in early 2022. Aboriginal people were involved in the survey design, training and collection, and analysis of data. Descriptive statistics were tabulated, overall and by gender, age, and location. Differences by sex, age group (18‐44 years versus ≥45 years), and location (Walgett town or other) were determined using a chi‐square test.

Results

A total of 242 participants completed the survey; 55% were female. Three‐quarters of participants reported meeting the recommendations for discretionary foods (73%); however, more than half (56%) exceeded the recommended maximum serves of sugar‐sweetened beverages. The proportion of participants meeting core food group guidelines was 72% for meat, 36% for fruit, 20% for bread and cereals, 6% for dairy, and 3% for vegetables. Overall, none of the participants met the recommended serves of all food groups outlined in the Australian Dietary Guidelines.

Conclusion

Findings show that Walgett Aboriginal community members surveyed were consuming a healthier diet than national data reported for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia. However, none of the participants were meeting all of the national dietary guidelines, placing them at increased risk of diet‐related chronic disease. Local Aboriginal community‐led efforts to improve food and water security should include specific strategies to improve nutrition.
Electrolyzed water combined with ozone treatment for efficient removal of mancozeb residues from grapes
Authors: Wen Aying , Gao Fang , Guo Boru , Wang Linquan , Yuan Shaofeng , Yu Hang , Guo Yahui , Cheng Yuliang , Yang Ling , Yao Weirong
Published: September 2024

Existing cleaning methods mainly focus on removing free‐state pesticides. However, mancozeb can bind to the wax layer of grapes, forming bound‐state residues that are difficult to remove. This study aims to develop an effective cleaning strategy to eliminate both free and bound mancozeb residues from grapes. Compared with the untreated mancozeb aqueous solution, the concentration of free mancozeb significantly decreased (p < 0.05) after treatment with ozonated water (OW), electrolyzed water (EW), and their combination (OW+EW) for 60 min. The combined treatment synergistically promoted mancozeb degradation, thus reducing its half‐life to 38% and 75% of that observed when OW and EW were used alone, respectively. To investigate the effect of the waxy layer on mancozeb removal, oleanolic acid (OLA) was selected as a representative component. The binding effect of OLA limited the degradation of mancozeb in OW and EW, extending its half‐life by 1.27 and 1.20 times, respectively. Density functional theory elucidated the mechanism by which the binding of OLA affects the degradation of mancozeb. Interestingly, the decomposition of mancozeb in OW + EW was almost unaffected by the introduction of OLA, indicating that the combined treatment could effectively remove bound‐state mancozeb. The combined treatment was then successfully applied to remove mancozeb from grapes. After exposure to OW + EW for 10 min, the removal efficiency of mancozeb reached up to 80.61% with minimal risks of ethylene thiourea formation. There was no obvious change in the surface color of grapes after treatment. The findings provide valuable guidance for removing mancozeb from fresh fruits rich in waxy coatings.
Elucidation of the structural changes of hemicellulose and cellulose in sunflower seed during roasting
Authors: Xu Shuai , Shi Ke‐Quan , Jin Yu‐Xuan , Guo Qing , Liu Hua‐Min , Qin Zhao , Wang Xue‐De
Published: September 2024

This study evaluated the structural changes in hemicellulose and cellulose from sunflower seeds before and after roasting at 160°C, 190°C, and 220°C. Sugar composition, molecular weight, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, thermogravimetric, and NMR analyses were utilized to determine the structural properties of these polysaccharides and detect the volatile compounds. The results showed that roasting destroyed the microstructure of these hemicelluloses and cellulose. Glucose and arabinose of hemicellulose were more easily degraded than other sugars during roasting. The galacturonic acid content increased from 7.8% to 46.66% after roasting. The hemicellulose obtained at 220°C had a backbone of D‐xylose residues with a β‐(1→4)‐linkage. The molecular weight of cellulosic polysaccharides decreased with the increase of roasting temperature. The crystallinity increased from 28.92% to 31.86% revealing that mainly the amorphous regions of cellulosic polysaccharides were destroyed by roasting. After roasting, the volatile compounds of these polysaccharides were rich in furfural, which was produced by caramelization and the Maillard reaction, contributing to the characteristic aroma of roasted sunflower seeds. This study provides some information on the relationship between structural changes of polysaccharides and the formation of flavor during roasting sunflower seeds.
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299V fermented in microcapsules shows enhanced stability and could improve the microbial quality and safety of oysters through bioaccumulation
Authors: Hua Qian , Li Dan
Published: September 2024

In this study, microcapsules of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299V were prepared using an emulsification/internal gelation technique. Loads of the probiotics were condensed to 9.86 ± 0.13 log CFU/g after 24 h fermentation of the microcapsules. Physical characterization revealed that L. plantarum 299V cells were uniformly distributed within the core of the microcapsules, with a mean diameter of 109.81 ± 0.39 µm and a span value of 0.36 ± 0.00, which were comparable to those of the unfermented microcapsules (p > 0.05). The viability of L. plantarum 299V in the fermented microcapsules was 2.08 ± 0.15 log higher than that of free cells at the end of 5 h simulated gastrointestinal digestion (p < 0.05). Oysters were able to accumulate the fermented microcapsules through filter feeding, resulting in a load of probiotics exceeding 6.00 log CFU/g. The presence of L. plantarum 299V‐carrying microcapsules in oyster tissues significantly suppressed spoilage‐causing bacteria during 11 days refrigeration storage, suggested by the tested parameters, including total psychrotrophic bacteria, H2S‐producing bacteria, and Pseudomonas spp. (p < 0.05). Pathogenic bacteria, including Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Salmonella enterica artificially introduced into oysters, were also significantly suppressed by over 1.00‐log within 4 days compared to control samples (p < 0.05). In summary, oysters bioaccumulated with fermented L. plantarum 299V‐carrying microcapsules, justified a novel probiotic‐carrying product to exsert the health‐promoting effect of probiotics. This solution could also enhance the microbial quality and safety of oysters during storage.
Motor Vehicle Driving‐Related Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Cardioverter Defibrillator Implantation and Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy With Defibrillators
Authors: Moriguchi Shingo , Hitosugi Masahito , Takeuchi Yuzo , Inoue Takeshi , Takeda Shinsaku , Baba Mineko , Takeda Arisa , Nakamura Mami , Inuzuka Yasutaka
Published: September 2024

Background

Reducing anxiety about motor vehicle driving in patients receiving implantable cardioverter defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillators is important not only for improving quality of life but also for preventing vehicle collisions owing to driver distraction. This study aimed to clarify the driving‐related anxiety of patients with these defibrillators and the factors that predict such anxiety.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional survey using a self‐administered questionnaire of patients who had been driving a vehicle after device implantation at a general hospital between August 2018 and November 2019.

Results

The mean age was 60.8 ± 12.6 years. The reasons for implantation were primary prevention in 47 patients and secondary prevention in 30 patients. A total of 16 patients experienced anxiety about driving and 61 did not. Significantly more younger patients (mean age of 50.4 vs. 63.6 years, p < 0.001) and those with implantable cardioverter defibrillators had anxiety (100% vs. 73.8%, p = 0.02). Multivariable analysis indicated that age was the only independent factor that predicted driving‐related anxiety (odds ratio, 0.937; 95% confidence interval, 0.883–0.993).

Conclusions

Identifying and addressing driving‐related anxiety in patients (particularly young patients) with defibrillators is important in preventing motor vehicle collisions and improving quality of life.
Piezo1 mediates mechanical signals in TRPV1‐positive nociceptors in mice
Authors: Lee Pa Reum , Ha Taewoong , Choi Hoon‐Seong , Lee Seung Eun , Kim Chungho , Hong Gyu‐Sang
Published: September 2024

Aim

This investigation addresses Piezo1's expression and mechanistic role in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and delineates its participation in mechanical and inflammatory pain modulation.

Methods

We analyzed Piezo1's expression patterns in DRG neurons and utilized Piezo1‐specific shRNA to modulate its activity. Electrophysiological assessments of mechanically activated (MA) currents in DRG neurons and behavioral analyses in mouse models of inflammatory pain were conducted to elucidate Piezo1's functional implications. Additionally, we investigated the excitability of TRPV1‐expressing DRG neurons, particularly under inflammatory conditions.

Results

Piezo1 was preferentially expressed in DRG neurons co‐expressing the TRPV1 nociceptor marker. Knockdown of Piezo1 attenuated intermediately adapting MA currents and lessened tactile pain hypersensitivity in models of inflammatory pain. Additionally, silencing Piezo1 modified the excitability of TRPV1‐expressing neurons under inflammatory stress.

Conclusion

Piezo1 emerges as a key mediator in the transmission of mechanical and inflammatory pain, indicating its potential as a novel target for pain management therapies. Our finding not only advances the understanding of nociceptive signaling but also emphasizes the therapeutic potential of modulating Piezo1 in the treatment of pain.
Neonatal gut microbiota profile and the association with retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants
Authors: Chang Yin‐Hsi , Yeh Yuan‐Ming , Lee Chien‐Chung , Chiu Cheng‐Hsun , Chen Hung‐Chi , Hsueh Yi‐Jen , Lee Chia‐Wen , Lien Reyin , Chu Shih‐Ming , Chiang Ming‐Chou , Kang Eugene Yu‐Chuan , Chen Kuan‐Jen , Wang Nan‐Kai , Liu Laura , Hwang Yih‐Shiou , Lai Chi‐Chun , Wu Wei‐Chi
Published: September 2024

Background

To explore the role of gut microbiota in preterm infants at high risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Methods

Preterm infants with gestational age (GA) < 32 weeks and/or birth weight (BW) < 1500 g born between 2020 and 2021 were prospectively enrolled. Their faecal samples were collected and analysed at different postnatal ages of life using 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the Miseq platform. The main outcome measures were the microbial diversity, taxonomy, relative abundance, bacterial predicted functional analysis, and their associations with different ROP groups. Subgroup analyses were performed by matching their GA and BW across different ROP groups.

Results

A total of 268 stool samples were collected from 110 preterm infants, including 13 with type 1 ROP, 44 with type 2 or mild ROP, and 53 without ROP. Type 1 ROP showed no significant difference in microbial diversity up to 8 postnatal weeks (p = 0.057), while type 2 and no ROP groups displayed increased diversity (p = 0.0015 and p = 0.049, respectively). Bifidobacterium genera was notably less abundant in type 1 ROP group at first postnatal week (p = 0.022) and remained low in subsequent weeks. Predicted functional analysis revealed enriched pathways in membrane transport, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and replication and repair.

Conclusions

Reduced gut microbial diversity may be associated with ROP development in high‐risk preterm infants. Further research is needed to comprehend how early‐life Bifidobacterium reduction affects metabolism and how targeting microbiome may help for ROP prevention and management.
An internet‐based platform with a low‐calorie dietary intervention improves cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese people in China: Half‐year follow‐up results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhong Yang , Wang Xi , Wang Suyuan , Zhong Linyu , Guo Yanhong , Zhang Chenghui , He Hua , Wu Yunhong
Published: September 2024

Aim

To explore the effectiveness of the Metawell programme on cardiometabolic risk factors in China, which combines meal replacement biscuits, a wireless scale, and a mobile phone application.

Methods

In this two‐arm, parallel‐design randomized study, 220 participants were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 110) and a control (n = 110) group. Participants in the intervention group were instructed to use meal replacement products and scales for weight loss and monitoring, whereas participants in the control group received printed materials containing a sample diet and face‐to‐face weight loss education at enrolment. The trial lasted 6 months, including a weight loss period in Months 1–3 and a weight maintenance period in Months 3–6. Generalized estimating equations were used to compare differences between the two groups.

Results

The median (interquartile range) ages of the intervention and control groups were 32.00 (28.00, 39.00) years and 33.00 (28.25, 41.00) years, with body mass indices of 28.20 (26.30, 30.95) kg/m2 and 27.70 (26.02, 29.70) kg/m2, respectively. Participants in the intervention group experienced significantly greater decreases in waist circumference, hip circumference, triglycerides, total cholesterol: high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Among participants who did not regain weight during the maintenance period after weight loss, the reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly greater in the intervention group than in the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The Metawell programme of caloric restriction and remote monitoring can be adapted to overweight and obese people in China to reduce their cardiometabolic risk factors. Furthermore, there was a better improvement in blood pressure in participants who maintained the effects of weight loss.
Impact of a health literacy sensitive model of care in outpatient nephrology dietetic clinics
Authors: Lambert Kelly , Tulissio Nicola , Cosier Denelle
Published: September 2024

Background

Inadequate health literacy in people with chronic kidney disease is associated with poorer disease management and greater complications. Adherence to the renal diet is known to be suboptimal and patient feedback about the renal diet suggests that patients leave nephrology clinics feeling confused. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of a health literacy sensitive model of care (MOC) in outpatient nephrology dietetic clinics.

Methods

This quasi‐experimental non‐randomised pre‐post study recruited adults attending three renal dietitian clinics. The revised MOC consisted of a renal diet question prompt sheet, teachback, and plain language materials and instructions. Outcomes assessed included clinical, dietary, patient‐reported satisfaction and quality of life. Differences between and within groups were analysed using paired t‐tests, independent sample t‐tests (or non‐parametric equivalent), chi‐squared and McNemar's tests. Linear mixed models evaluated change in total diet quality score, fruit, vegetable, protein and dairy intake with time as a fixed effect and a random subject specific effect.

Results

Fail to attend rates at the initial appointments were lower in the revised MOC (21.5% vs. 9.1%). The revised MOC was associated with significantly improved fruit (p = 0.03) and vegetable (p = 0.003) intake and an improved proportion with adequate diet quality (p = 0.03). These impacts were of moderate effect size (d = 0.5, 95% confidence interval = 0.0–1.0). The revised MOC was also associated with greater satisfaction at baseline (p = 0.04) and higher acceptability scores for all questions at the review appointments. Quality of life improved clinically but not significantly in the revised MOC (p = 0.92).

Conclusions

This low‐cost health literacy sensitive intervention is a promising strategy to improve fruit and vegetable intake in adults attending renal dietitian clinics. Further research to determine fidelity of teachback use and cost utility analysis would be beneficial. Larger scale trials powered to detect changes in quality of life would also be informative.
Diurnal variation of serum phosphorus concentrations in intact male adult domestic cats
Authors: Chiang Chih‐Fan , Vanderstichel Raphael , Stockman Jonathan , Larsen Jennifer A. , Fascetti Andrea J.
Published: September 2024

Background

Monitoring serum phosphorus concentrations is crucial in the management of chronic kidney disease in cats. The diurnal variation of serum phosphorus concentration may affect clinical assessment.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Characterize the diurnal variation of serum phosphorus concentration in cats and determine the associations between changes in serum phosphorus concentration and several metabolites of phosphorus metabolism.

Animals

Six apparently healthy, intact male, specific‐pathogen‐free cats were housed in a photoperiod, humidity, and temperature‐controlled facility.

Methods

Blood sampling was performed hourly for 24 hours to obtain the serum concentrations of phosphorus, ionized calcium, parathyroid hormone, and calcidiol. Results were analyzed using linear mixed‐effect models to determine the significance of diurnal variation and associations between serum phosphorus concentrations and other metabolites over time.

Results

Diurnal variation in serum phosphorus concentration was noted with an apex around 11:00 followed by gradually declining concentrations to reach the nadir around 23:00. The serum phosphorus concentration again increased through the early morning on the next day. An approximately 25% difference in serum phosphorus concentration at the apex and the nadir was documented. A non‐linear relationship between the serum concentrations of phosphorus and ionized calcium over time was identified.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Diurnal variations of serum phosphorus concentration and associations between the trending of serum phosphorus and ionized calcium concentrations were evident in a group of clinically healthy adult cats housed in a controlled environment. These findings can help in the interpretation of clinical and research data regarding calcium and phosphorus metabolism and kidney health in cats.
Longitudinal assessment of systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Seo Joonbum , Novo Matos José , Munday John S. , Hunt Hayley , Connolly David J. , Luis Fuentes Virginia
Published: September 2024

Background

The proportion of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) that lose systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (SAM) in the long term is unknown.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Cats with HCM will lose SAM in the long term. Loss of SAM will be associated with greater age, longer scan‐interval, and altered left ventricular (LV) dimensions.

Animals

Sixty unsedated cats with HCM, not receiving beta blockers or pimobendan.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study from 2 referral centers. Cats were eligible if they had been diagnosed with HCM and had a repeat echocardiogram ≥1 year later. Clinical and echocardiographic data of the left heart variables were collected.

Results

Thirty‐eight cats had SAM at the initial scan. After a median follow‐up time of 2.1 years (range: 1.0‐5.9), 7 cats had lost SAM (18%) and 5 cats (23%) gained SAM. On follow‐up, cats with SAM at the initial scan had a larger left atrium (P = .037), lower left atrial fractional shortening (P = .014), greater LV internal diameter in end‐systole (P = .002), and lower LV fractional shortening (P < .001). Four cats with SAM developed congestive heart failure. There were no new cases of congestive heart failure or change in left heart variables in cats without SAM at the initial scan. The gain or loss of SAM was not associated with age or time between scans.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Similar proportions of cats gained or lost SAM. Cats with SAM at baseline had more evidence of disease progression than cats without SAM.
Abundance of two Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) populations inhabiting adjacent areas in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Carvalho Rafael R. , Quintana Carlos Eduardo P. , dos Santos Carlos Vinícius C. , Santos‐Neto Elitieri B. , Bittencourt Lis , Pereira Karina S. , Bisi Tatiana L. , Kajin Maja , Lailson‐Brito José , Azevedo Alexandre F.
Published: September 2024

Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) are commonly found in shallow waters from South and Central America. From March 2018 to June 2019, boat surveys were conducted to monitor two populations inhabiting the adjacent waters of Ilha Grande Bay and Sepetiba Bay to estimate population abundances and population parameters of apparent survival and capture probability. Photo‐identification was used as a mark‐recapture technique. A total of 672 dolphins was cataloged in Ilha Grande Bay and 826 in Sepetiba Bay, with two individuals being photographed in both areas. Population parameters were estimated through mark‐recapture models and total population abundance was estimated at 1,949 and 1,560 individuals in Ilha Grande Bay and Sepetiba Bay, respectively. Seasonal estimates were modeled showing that the Sepetiba Bay population may have stronger site fidelity to the study area than individuals in Ilha Grande Bay. Apparent survival was estimated in a mixed model framework avoiding bias due to the large presence of transient individuals. The estimates presented here are a result of an effort conducted months after an unusual mortality event linked to Guiana dolphin cetacean morbillivirus and our findings indicated that surviving individuals did not have long‐term deadly effects, but continuous efforts should be considered for a long‐term evaluation.
Science behind herbarium and its importance in recent years
Authors: Swain Harekrushna , Chakraborty Kankana
Published: September 2024

The interest in and significance of herbarium collections for the study of plant biodiversity and evolution has significantly expanded in recent decades due to the introduction of new technologies for large‐scale, automated digitization and the availability of new techniques for DNA sequencing. These innovative methods gave rise to new initiatives with the goal of compiling a sizable molecular and phenological data set. In light of the various national projects that are currently underway and driving the study of herbarium specimens for the purpose of understanding biodiversity loss and habitat shifts as a result of climate change and habitat destruction due to human activity. Here, we showcased a number of cutting‐edge research, mini‐reviews, and technical comments that demonstrate the ever‐growing range of applications for herbarium specimens. It examines the variety of applications for which herbarium specimens are employed, the primary users' profiles of herbarium collections, patterns and systematics of biodiversity, and the evolution of lineages and traits.
Pulse oximetry for the prediction of acute mountain sickness: A systematic review
Authors: Goves Johnathan S. L. , Joyce Kelsey E. , Broughton Sophie , Greig Julian , Ashdown Kimberly , Bradwell Arthur R. , Lucas Samuel J. E.
Published: September 2024

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) causes serious illness for many individuals ascending to high altitude (HA), although preventable with appropriate acclimatisation. AMS is a clinical diagnosis, with symptom severity evaluated using the Lake Louise Score (LLS). Reliable methods of predicting which individuals will develop AMS have not been developed. This systematic review evaluates whether a predictive relationship exists between oxygen saturation and subsequent development of AMS. PubMed, PubMed Central, MEDLINE, Semantic Scholar, Cochrane Library, University of Birmingham Library and clinicaltrials.gov databases were systematically searched from inception to 15 June 2023. Human studies involving collection of peripheral blood oxygen saturation () from healthy lowlanders during ascent to HA that evaluated any relationship between and AMS severity were considered for eligibility. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified Newcastle–Ottawa Tool for cohort studies (PROPSPERO CRD42023423542). Seven of 980 total identified studies were ultimately included for data extraction. These studies evaluated and AMS (via LLS) in 1406 individuals during ascent to HA (3952–6300 m). Risk of bias was ‘low’ for six and ‘moderate’ for one of the included studies. Ascent profiles and measurement methodology varied widely, as did the statistical methods for AMS prediction. Decreasing oxygen saturation measured with pulse oximetry during ascent shows a positive predictive relationship for individuals who develop AMS. Studies have high heterogeneity in ascent profile and oximetry measurement protocols. Further studies with homogeneous methodology are required to enable statistical analysis for more definitive evaluation of AMS predictability by pulse oximetry.
ВОЗРАСТНАЯ СТРУКТУРА ПОПУЛЯЦИЙ SCABIOSA OCHROLEUCA и SCABIOSA ISETENSIS В ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОМ КАЗАХСТАНЕ
Authors: Тыржанова С.С. , Ишмуратова М.Ю. , Иванова Н.В. , Агеев Д.В. , Рамазанов А.К.
Published: September 2024

К роду Scabiosa L. согласно данных флоры СССР относится порядка 100 видов, распространенных преимущественно в странах Средиземноморья, отдельные виды достигают Дальнего Востока, южная граница рода проходит по горам восточной Африки. В Казахстане произрастает 7 видов скабиозы, из которых 2 – на территории Центрального Казахстана: Scabiosa isetensis L. (Lomelosia isetensis (L.) Sojak) и Scabiosa ochroleuca L.
В рамках изучения полезной флоры нами проанализирована возрастная структура популяций обоих видов: 8 - для скабиозы бледно-желтой, 6 для скабиозы исетской.
Для первого вида были учтены следующие возрастные группы: всходы, имматурные и генеративные особи, для второго – имматурные, виргинильные, молодые генеративные, средневозрастные генеративные и старые генеративные растения.
Структуру популяций Scabiosa анализировали при помощи таблиц сопряженности и критерия хи-квадрат. Оценивали значимость связи между онтогенетической структурой популяций и (1) пробной площадью и (2) принадлежностью к группе растительности, выделенной в результате кластерного анализа. Сравнивали численность особей в популяциях Scabiosa spp. (по видам) в разных группах растительности. Для оценки статистической значимости различий в зависимости от числа групп использовали однофакторный дисперсионный анализ или критерий Стъюдента для независимых выборок.
Результаты анализа таблиц сопряженности не выявили значимой связи как между онтогенетической структурой популяции Scabiosa ochroleuca и пробной площадью (P=0.9969), так и между онтогенетической структурой популяции и принадлежностью в группе растительности, выделенной в результате кластерного анализа (P=0.9858). Этот результат показывает, что все исследованные популяции характеризуются единым типом онтогенетического спектра. Спектр левостороннего типа с преобладанием ювенильных особей.
Результаты анализа таблиц сопряженности не выявили значимой связи как между онтогенетической структурой популяции Scabiosa isetensis и пробной площадью (P=0.9154), так и между онтогенетической структурой популяции и принадлежностью в группе растительности, выделенной в результате кластерного анализа (P=0.9815). Этот результат показывает, что все исследованные популяции характеризуются единым типом онтогенетического спектра. Спектр левостороннего типа с преобладанием ювенильных особей.
Tracking of Bristle Tip Deflections to Demonstrate Blow-Down in Brush Seals
Authors: Bowen Joshua P. , Bowsher Aaron A. , Crudgington Peter F. , Bull Sam , Sangan Carl M. , Scobie James A.
Published: September 2024

Sealing in gas turbines is paramount to overall performance and efficiency. Brush seals offer superior performance compared to other sealing solutions commonplace in modern turbomachinery. When subjected to a pressure load, a ring of flexible fine wire bristles—fitted at a lay angle to the radial plane—compact to resist the oncoming flow and deflect towards the rotor in a process known as blow-down. This study employs Digital Image Correlation (DIC) to track individual bristle tips in three spatial axes throughout a large-scale brush seal test facility. This is the first-time direct measurements of blow-down throughout the bristle pack have been presented, providing a unique insight into the mechanical behavior of brush seals. Increased magnitudes of blow-down and axial bristle deflection were demonstrated in upstream bristle rows and at larger clearances. Analysis of these results in conjunction with the interrogation of the inter-bristle pressure field proved that blow-down is more prevalent for pressure relieving (PR) brush seals in comparison to conventional configurations. The reduction in the through-flow clearance area resulted in a significant enhancement in sealing performance for a clearance seal, highlighting a key advantage of the pressure relieving back plate design.
Preparation and properties of CrNiWMoCoTi gradient high entropy alloy layer by plasma surface metallurgy
Authors: Chen Hu , Wang Chenglei , Lu Jinxu , Chen Junfeng , Zhu Yatao , Tan Zhujiang , Huang Mei , Zhang Jingya
Published: September 2024

While titanium alloys excel in a number of ways, they have relatively weak wear resistance. To address this problem, this experiment is based on the research foundation of plasma metallurgy and high-entropy alloy (HEA). A continuous and dense CrNiWMoCoTi gradient HEA layer was prepared on the surface of TC4 by using the double glow plasma metallurgy technique, which significantly improves the wear resistance of TC4, and the HEA layer has a high bonding strength with the substrate. By studying the tissue morphology evolution and properties of the HEA layers under different holding times, it was found that all the HEA layers showed a composite reinforcing layer structure of deposited layer + diffused layer, forming an HEA layer with a gradient structure. The experimental results show that the bonding strength between the alloy layer and the matrix at a precisely regulated holding time of 3h, exhibiting a bonding force of about 63.3 N. Further analysis showed that the holding time had little effect on the phase composition of the HEA layer, and the main phases remained stable including fcc, bcc, hcp, AlMoTi2, and Co1.3Ni4.3Mo4.6 phases. With the adjustment of the holding time, the prepared HEA layers showed different degrees of improvement in terms of hardness and wear resistance. Particularly noteworthy is that the HEA layer held for 3 h excels in both properties, reaching 8.7 times the wear resistance and 1.5 times the hardness of the matrix TC4.
Scaling laws for mitigated pile driving: Dependence of underwater noise on strike energy, pile diameter, ram weight, water depth, and mitigation system
Authors: von Pein Jonas , Lippert Tristan , Lippert Stephan , von Estorff Otto
Published: September 2024

Sound induced by impact pile driving is a possible risk to marine life. Therefore, it is common practice to use noise mitigation systems during piling to reduce the respective impact and to fulfill the prescribed noise limits. Scaling laws for the estimation of the underwater noise from unmitigated impact pile driving have been presented in von Pein, Lippert, Lippert, and von Estorff, “Scaling laws for unmitigated pile driving: Dependence of underwater noise on strike energy, pile diameter, ram weight, and water depth,” Appl. Acoust. 198, 108986 (2022). This contribution shows how these scaling laws need to be changed if noise mitigation systems are considered. Scaling laws are developed for four different kinds of noise mitigation system setups. These include big bubble curtains, double big bubble curtain combinations, a fully absorbing system directly at the pile, and the combination of a system close to the pile and a double big bubble curtain. The derived scaling laws are verified and compared to publicly available measurement data.
Mapping the new Clean Water Act
Authors: Owen Dave
Published: September 2024

New research helps elucidate the potential scope and impacts of regulatory changes
Microbial hoolIgAn dismantles gut defenses
Authors: Slack Emma
Published: September 2024

Immunoglobulin degradation by a gut bacterium causes immunodeficiency in mice
An arylsulfonamide that targets cell wall biosynthesis in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Allen Renee , Ames Lauren , Baldin Vanessa Pietrowski , Butts Arielle , Henry Kenneth J. , Durst Greg , Quach Diana , Sugie Joseph , Pogliano Joe , Parish Tanya
Published: September 2024

We investigated the mechanism of action of an arylsulfonamide with whole-cell activity against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. We newly synthesized the molecule and confirmed it had activity against both extracellular and intracellular bacilli. The molecule had some activity against HepG2 cells but maintained some selectivity. Bacterial cytological profiling suggested that the mechanism of action was via disruption of cell wall synthesis, with similarities to an inhibitor of the mycolic acid exporter MmpL3. The compound induced expression from the IniB promoter and caused a boost in ATP production but did not induce reactive oxygen species. A mutation in MmpL3 (S591I) led to low-level resistance. Taken together, these data confirm the molecule targets cell wall biosynthesis with MmpL3 as the most probable target.