bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Untreated wastewater as a source of carbapenem-resistant bacteria to the riverine ecosystem
Authors: Hrenovic Jasna , Durn Goran , Kazazic Snjezana , Dekic Svjetlana , Music Martina Seruga
Published: February 2019

Bacteriological pollution, especially that including clinically important bacteria, of the aquatic environment caused by anthropogenic pressure attracts much attention with regard to public health. Reports to date have not addressed the concentration of emerging carbapenem-resistant bacteria (CRB) in riverine ecosystems, and the source of this pollution is hard to track. We examined the impact of discharge of untreated wastewaters on the bacterial population in the riverine ecosystem, with emphasis on clinically important CRB using a small river in Croatia as a model. River sediments were analysed mineralogically and geochemically. Cultivation of CRB was performed at 37 and 42°C to distinguish the presumably environmental intrinsically resistant (CRB37) from the presumably clinically important acquired resistance (CRB42) species. The significantly positive correlation of CRB42 with CRB37 and total heterotrophs, but not with intestinal enterococci, suggests that entry of CRB42 in riverine ecosystem is not necessarily connected to faecal pollution. The numbers and prevalence of CRB42 are rather dependent on the type of pollution, and is connected to the discharge of wastewaters from different human and animal healthcare centres. Emerging hospital pathogens Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae were exclusively isolated among CRB42 from river water after the discharge of wastewater of a general hospital. The CRB42, once discharged into the riverine ecosystem, behaves as part of the indigenous bacterial population, and could be spread through the natural water bodies or accumulate in river sediments. This implies the need for disinfection of hospital wastewater prior to its discharge into the natural environment in order to avoid the consequent public-health threat. The anthropogenic impact evidenced as bacteriological changes is accompanied by an increase in heavy metal concentrations in river sediments.
Water use of selected grain legumes in response to varying irrigation regimes
Authors: Chibarabada Tendai P , Modi Albert T , Mabhaudhi Tafadzwanashe
Published: February 2019

Grain legumes have potential to contribute to food and nutritional security in water-scarce areas. Information on their yield, water use and water productivity (WP) would be useful for their promotion. The aim of the study was to make a comparative assessment of adaptation, yield, water use and WP of an African indigenous grain legume (bambara groundnut) and two major grain legumes (dry bean and groundnut) under rainfed, deficit and optimum irrigation conditions. Field trials were conducted during the 2015/16 and 2016/17 summer seasons in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, using a split-plot design arranged in completely randomised blocks with three replications. Data collected included stomatal conductance, leaf area index, timing of key phenological stages and yield. Water use was calculated as a residual of the soil water balance. Water productivity was obtained as the quotient of grain yield and water use. Crops adapted to limited soil water availability through stomatal regulation and reduction in canopy size and duration. Yield, yield components and WP varied significantly (P < 0.05) among crop species. During 2015/16, groundnut had the highest yield and WP (10 540 kg·ha−1 and 0.99 kg·m−3, respectively). During 2016/17, the highest yield and WP were observed in dry bean, 2 911 kg·ha−1 and 0.75 kg·m−3, respectively. For both seasons, dry bean had the lowest water use (143–268 mm) across all water treatments. Dry bean and groundnut out–performed bambara groundnut with respect to yield, harvest index and WP. For any promotion of bambara groundnut as an alternative crop, there is need for crop improvement to improve yield and WP.
Modelling the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of a sandy loam soil using Gaussian process regression
Authors: Al-Dosary Naji Mordi N , Al-Sulaiman Mohammed A , Aboukarima Abdulwahed M
Published: February 2019

Unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity is a main parameter in agricultural and environmental studies, necessary for predicting and managing water and solute transport in soils. This parameter is difficult to measure in agricultural fields; thus, a simple and practical estimation method would be preferable, and quantitative methods (analytical and numerical) to predict the field parameters should be developed. Field experiments were conducted to collect water quality data to model the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of a sandy loam soil. A mini disk infiltrometer (MDI) was used to measure soil infiltration rate. Input variables included electrical conductivity and the sodium adsorption ratio of irrigation water. Suction rate (pressure head), soil bulk density, and soil moisture content acted as inputs, with unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity as output. The performance of Gaussian process regression (GPR) was analysed, with multiple linear regression (LR) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) models used for comparison. Three performance criteria were compared: correlation coefficient (r), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). The simulations employed the Waikato environment for knowledge analysis (WEKA) open source tool. The results indicate that the GPR with Pearson VII function-based universal kernel (PUK kernel), cache size 250007, Omega 1.0 and Sigma 1.0 performs better than other kernels when evaluating test split data, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9646. The RMSEs for GPR (PUK kernel), MLP, and LR were 1.16 × 10−04, 1.87 × 10−04, and 2.22 × 10−04 cm·s−1, respectively. Predictive data mining algorithms (DMA) enable an estimate of unknown values based on patterns in a database. Therefore, the present methodology can be put to use in predictive tools to manage water and solute transport in soils, as the GPR model provides much greater accuracy than the LR and MLP models in predicting the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of a sandy loam soil.
Synthesis and characterisation of ultrafiltration membranes functionalised with C18 as a modifier for adsorption capabilities of polyaromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Mntambo SA , Mdluli PS , Mahlambi MM , Onwubu SC , Nxumalo NL
Published: February 2019

The disposal of wastewater containing polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been observed to be a very costly process, hence mitigation for many industrial plants continues to be a challenge. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential use of C18 as a modifier in membrane technology; thus, C18 was incorporated into poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes. According to the specific composition ratios, the phase inversion process was used for dispersion of the C18 into PVDF, which was subsequently dispersed in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). The resulting membranes were characterised with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties of the membranes were analysed using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), whereas the thermal behaviour was studied with a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA). Furthermore, the functionality of the synthesised membrane was further evaluated by its adsorption potentials using high performance liquid chromatography equipped with an ultraviolet detector. The SEM micrographs showed successful incorporation of the C18 within the polymeric membrane (PVDF) backbone. The TGA showed that the thermal decomposition of the synthesised membranes was observed at 495 and 610°C for PVDF bare and PVDF/C18, respectively. In addition, the HPLC results obtained indicated that the C18 modified membrane was more effective in adsorbing PAHs when compared to the bare PVDF membrane. The salient features of this study therefore suggest that C18 could be used as a potential modifier for the development of PVDF membranes.
Fashion Supply Chain Management
Authors: Londrigan Michael P. , Jenkins Jacqueline M.
Published: February 2019

Learn the elements of the global supply chain so that you can run a fashion business. This book takes you through the entire fashion supply chain from raw materials to the consumer, and covers organizational logistics, sourcing and production, inventory, information systems, and the retailer. It focuses on the apparel and textile industry, and discusses Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and retailing on a global scale. You will gain an understanding of how the fashion industry supply chain relates to various roles in a fashion company--from designer to merchandiser--so that you can create value for the consumer.
Technical Sourcebook for Apparel Designers
Authors: Lee Jaeil , Steen Camille
Published: February 2019

Learn technical design processes and industry standards, such as ASTM and ISO, for apparel production and manufacturing practices. With more than 1,100 images and technical packages for 12 apparel products, the book explains topics like fabric selection, finding seasonal fashion trends, garment construction, and fit evaluation, all so you can cost-effectively meet consumer needs. You’ll learn about product categories including women's wear, menswear, and knitwear, as well as how to create a cost sheet and manage product data, to help you develop specification sheets and technical packages for specific markets.
Guide to Producing a Fashion Show
Authors: Everett Judith C. , Swanson Kristen K. , F. José Blanco
Published: February 2019

Guide to Producing a Fashion Show, Fourth Edition, explains all aspects of fashion show production including: reasons to produce a show, planning, model selection, merchandise selection, staging and music, budgeting, show preparation, execution, and evaluation. The fourth edition has behind-the-scenes examples, best practices and innovative approaches in fashion show production—from promotion using social media to selecting music and models. Whether you are experienced or a novice, this text shows you step-by-step how to plan, organize, promote, and execute an exciting fashion show.
Kinetic mass-transfer calculation of water isotope fractionation due to cloud microphysics in a regional meteorological model
Authors: Tsai I-Chun , Chen Wan-Yu , Chen Jen-Ping , Liang Mao-Chang
Published: February 2019

Abstract. In conventional atmospheric models, isotope exchange between
liquid, gas, and solid phases is usually assumed to be in equilibrium, and the
highly kinetic phase transformation processes inferred in clouds are yet to
be fully investigated. In this study, a two-moment microphysical scheme in
the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was modified to allow
kinetic calculation of isotope fractionation due to various cloud
microphysical phase-change processes. A case of a moving cold front is selected
for quantifying the effect of different factors controlling isotopic
composition, including water vapor sources, atmospheric transport, phase
transition pathways of water in clouds, and kinetic-versus-equilibrium mass
transfer. A base-run simulation was able to reproduce the
∼ 50 ‰ decrease in δD that was observed during the frontal
passage. Sensitivity tests suggest that all the above factors contributed
significantly to the variations in isotope composition. The thermal
equilibrium assumption commonly used in earlier studies may cause an
overestimate of mean vapor-phase δD by 11 ‰, and the maximum difference can be more than
20 ‰. Using initial vertical distribution and lower boundary
conditions of water stable isotopes from satellite data is critical to
obtain successful isotope simulations, without which the δD in water
vapor can be off by about 34 ‰ and 28 ‰, respectively.
Without microphysical fractionation, the δD in water vapor can be off
by about 25 ‰.
Turbulent enhancement of radar reflectivity factor for polydisperse cloud droplets
Authors: Matsuda Keigo , Onishi Ryo
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The radar reflectivity factor is important for estimating cloud
microphysical properties; thus, in this study, we determine the quantitative
influence of microscale turbulent clustering of polydisperse droplets on the
radar reflectivity factor. The theoretical solution for particulate Bragg
scattering is obtained without assuming monodisperse droplet sizes. The
scattering intensity is given by an integral function including the cross
spectrum of number density fluctuations for two different droplet sizes. We
calculate the cross spectrum based on turbulent clustering data, which are
obtained by the direct numerical simulation (DNS) of particle-laden
homogeneous isotropic turbulence. The results show that the coherence of the
cross spectrum is close to unity for small wave numbers and decreases almost
exponentially with increasing wave number. This decreasing trend is dependent
on the combination of Stokes numbers. A critical wave number is introduced to
characterize the exponential decrease of the coherence and parameterized using
the Stokes number difference. Comparison with DNS results confirms that the
proposed model can reproduce the rp3-weighted power spectrum, which
is proportional to the clustering influence on the radar reflectivity factor
to a sufficiently high accuracy. Furthermore, the proposed model is extended
to incorporate the gravitational settling influence by modifying the critical
wave number based on the analytical equation derived for the bidisperse radial
distribution function. The estimate of the modified model also shows good
agreement with the DNS results for the case with gravitational droplet
settling. The model is then applied to high-resolution cloud-simulation data
obtained from a spectral-bin cloud simulation. The result shows that the
influence of turbulent clustering can be significant inside turbulent clouds.
The large influence is observed at the near-top of the clouds, where the
liquid water content and the energy dissipation rate are sufficiently large.
A top-down assessment using OMI NO2 suggests an underestimate in the NOx emissions inventory in Seoul, South Korea, during KORUS-AQ
Authors: Goldberg Daniel L. , Saide Pablo E. , Lamsal Lok N. , de Foy Benjamin , Lu Zifeng , Woo Jung-Hun , Kim Younha , Kim Jinseok , Gao Meng , Carmichael Gregory , Streets David G.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. In this work, we investigate the NOx emissions inventory in
Seoul, South Korea, using a regional ozone monitoring instrument (OMI)
NO2 product derived from the standard NASA product. We first
develop a regional OMI NO2 product by recalculating the air mass
factors using a high-resolution (4 km × 4 km) WRF-Chem model
simulation, which better captures the NO2 profile shapes in urban
regions. We then apply a model-derived spatial averaging kernel to further
downscale the retrieval and account for the subpixel variability. These two
modifications yield OMI NO2 values in the regional product that are
1.37 times larger in the Seoul metropolitan region and >2 times larger
near substantial point sources. These two modifications also yield an OMI
NO2 product that is in better agreement with the Pandora
NO2 spectrometer measurements acquired during the South
Korea–United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) field campaign.
NOx emissions are then derived for the Seoul metropolitan
area during the KORUS-AQ field campaign using a top-down approach with the
standard and regional NASA OMI NO2 products. We first apply the
top-down approach to a model simulation to ensure that the method is
appropriate: the WRF-Chem simulation utilizing the bottom-up emissions
inventory yields a NOx emissions rate of 227±94 kt yr−1, while the bottom-up inventory itself within a 40 km
radius of Seoul yields a NOx emissions rate of
198 kt yr−1. Using the top-down approach on the regional OMI
NO2 product, we derive the NOx emissions rate from
Seoul to be 484±201 kt yr−1, and a 353±146 kt yr−1
NOx emissions rate using the standard NASA OMI NO2
product. This suggests an underestimate of 53 % and 36 % in the
bottom-up inventory using the regional and standard NASA OMI NO2
products respectively. To supplement this finding, we compare the
NO2 and NOy simulated by WRF-Chem to observations
of the same quantity acquired by aircraft and find a model underestimate.
When NOx emissions in the WRF-Chem model are increased by a
factor of 2.13 in the Seoul metropolitan area, there is better agreement with
KORUS-AQ aircraft observations and the recalculated OMI NO2
tropospheric columns. Finally, we show that by using a WRF-Chem simulation
with an updated emissions inventory to recalculate the air mass factor (AMF),
there are small differences (∼8 %) in OMI NO2 compared to
using the original WRF-Chem simulation to derive the AMF. This suggests that
changes in model resolution have a larger effect on the AMF calculation than
modifications to the South Korean emissions inventory. Although the current
work is focused on South Korea using OMI, the methodology developed in this
work can be applied to other world regions using TROPOMI and future satellite
datasets (e.g., GEMS and TEMPO) to produce high-quality region-specific
top-down NOx emissions estimates.
Measurements of hydroperoxy radicals (HO2) at atmospheric concentrations using bromide chemical ionisation mass spectrometry
Authors: Albrecht Sascha R. , Novelli Anna , Hofzumahaus Andreas , Kang Sungah , Baker Yare , Mentel Thomas , Wahner Andreas , Fuchs Hendrik
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Hydroxyl and hydroperoxy radicals are key species for the understanding of
atmospheric oxidation processes. Their measurement is challenging due to
their high reactivity; therefore, very sensitive detection methods are needed.
Within this study, the measurement of hydroperoxy radicals (HO2)
using chemical ionisation combined with a high-resolution time-of-flight
mass spectrometer (Aerodyne Research Inc.) employing bromide as the primary ion
is presented. The sensitivity reached is equal to 0.005×108 HO2 cm−3 for 106 cps of bromide and 60 s of integration time, which is
below typical HO2 concentrations found in the atmosphere. The
detection sensitivity of the instrument is affected by the presence of water
vapour. Therefore, a water-vapour-dependent calibration factor that decreases
approximately by a factor of 2 if the water vapour mixing ratio increases from
0.1 % to 1.0 % needs to be applied. An instrumental background, most
likely generated by the ion source that is equivalent to a HO2
concentration of (1.5±0.2)×108 molecules cm−3, is
subtracted to derive atmospheric HO2 concentrations. This background
can be determined by overflowing the inlet with zero air. Several experiments
were performed in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR at the
Forschungszentrum Jülich to test the instrument performance in comparison
to the well-established laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique for
measurements of HO2. A highly linear correlation coefficient of
R2=0.87 is achieved. The slope of the linear regression of 1.07
demonstrates the good absolute agreement of both measurements. Chemical
conditions during experiments allowed for testing the instrument's behaviour in
the presence of atmospheric concentrations of H2O, NOx, and
O3. No significant interferences from these species were observed.
All of these facts demonstrate a reliable measurement of HO2 by
the chemical ionisation mass spectrometer presented.
California earthquake insurance unpopularity: the issue is the price, not the risk perception
Authors: Pothon Adrien , Gueguen Philippe , Buisine Sylvain , Bard Pierre-Yves
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Despite California is a highly seismic prone region, most of homeowners are not covered against this risk. This study analyses the reasons for homeowners to purchase or not an insurance to cover earthquake losses, with application in California. A dedicated database is built from 18 different data sources about earthquake insurance, gathering data since 1921. A new model is developed to assess the take-up rate based on the homeowners’ risk awareness and the average annual insurance premium amount. Results suggest that only two extreme situations would lead all owners to cover their home with insurance: (1) a widespread belief that a devastating earthquake is imminent, or alternatively, (2) a massive decrease in the average annual premium amount by a factor exceeding 6 (from $980 to $160, USD 2015). Considering the low likelihood of each situation, we conclude from this study that new insurance solutions are necessary to fill the protection gap.
Frontogenesis of the Angola–Benguela Frontal Zone
Authors: Koseki Shunya , Giordani Hervé , Goubanova Katerina
Published: February 2019

Abstract. A diagnostic analysis of the climatological annual mean and seasonal cycle of
the Angola–Benguela Frontal Zone (ABFZ) is performed by applying an ocean
frontogenetic function (OFGF) to the
ocean mixing layer (OML). The OFGF reveals that the meridional confluence and
vertical tilting terms are the most dominant contributors to the
frontogenesis of the ABFZ. The ABFZ shows a well-pronounced semiannual cycle
with two maximum (minimum) peaks in April–May and November–December
(February–March and July–August). The development of the two maxima of
frontogenesis is due to two different physical processes: enhanced tilting
from March to April and meridional confluence from September to October. The
strong meridional confluence in September to October is closely related to
the seasonal southward intrusion of tropical warm water to the ABFZ that
seems to be associated with the development of the Angola Dome northwest of
the ABFZ. The strong tilting effect from March to April is attributed to the
meridional gradient of vertical velocities, whose effect is amplified in this
period due to increasing stratification and shallow OML depth. The proposed
OFGF can be viewed as a tool to diagnose the performance of coupled general
circulation models (CGCMs) that generally fail at realistically simulating
the position of the ABFZ, which leading to huge warm biases in the
southeastern Atlantic.
Event couple spectral ratio Q method for earthquake clusters: application to northwest Bohemia
Authors: Kriegerowski Marius , Cesca Simone , Ohrnberger Matthias , Dahm Torsten , Krüger Frank
Published: February 2019

Abstract. We develop an amplitude spectral ratio method for event couples from
clustered earthquakes to estimate seismic wave attenuation (Q−1) in the
source volume. The method allows to study attenuation within the source
region of earthquake swarms or aftershocks at depth, independent of wave path
and attenuation between source region and surface station. We exploit the
high-frequency slope of phase spectra using multitaper spectral estimates.
The method is tested using simulated full wave-field seismograms affected by
recorded noise and finite source rupture. The synthetic tests verify the
approach and show that solutions are independent of focal mechanisms but
also show that seismic noise may broaden the scatter of results. We apply the
event couple spectral ratio method to northwest Bohemia, Czech Republic, a
region characterized by the persistent occurrence of earthquake swarms in a
confined source region at mid-crustal depth. Our method indicates a strong
anomaly of high attenuation in the source region of the swarm with an
averaged attenuation factor of Qp<100. The application to S
phases fails due to scattered P-phase energy interfering with S phases.
The Qp anomaly supports the common hypothesis of highly fractured
and fluid saturated rocks in the source region of the swarms in northwest
Bohemia. However, high temperatures in a small volume around the swarms
cannot be excluded to explain our observations.
APONTAMENTOS SOBRE A HISTÓRIA DA ILUMINAÇÃO MODERNA
Authors: Nosella Berilo Luigi Deiró
Published: February 2019

O presente artigo propõe apresentar uma reflexão sobre a cena moderna, forjada ao final do século XIX, a partir dos impactos das novas tecnologias da iluminação elétrica. Analisando tal contexto, procuraremos repensar o comum antagonismo entre os movimentos naturalista e simbolista enquanto fundadores da referida modernidade, propondo que, para além de suas oposições, a parceria entre tecnologia e cena marcariam seus aspectos comuns, determinando exatamente o que poderíamos chamar de moderno, mais a partir de um modo de fazer do que dos resultados estéticos visuais almejados. Para tal, revisaremos alguma bibliografia já consagrada no que concerte à história e estética da cena moderna, outra mais atual de revisão da questão e, por fim, verificaremos a questão central aqui proposta na proposição de cena de André Antoine e Loie Fuller.
The Nordic research infrastructure for syntactic variation: Possibilities, limitations and achievements
Authors: Vangsnes Øystein Alexander , Johannessen Janne Bondi
Published: February 2019

The Scandinavian Dialect Syntax project was a collaboration between ten research groups from all of the five Nordic countries lasting for a period of about ten years. Besides resulting in a large number of scientific papers and theses on a range of different topics, a concrete outcome of the collaboration was the establishment of lasting research infrastructures in terms of two databases: the Nordic Dialect Corpus (NDC) and the Nordic Syntax Database (NSD). This paper first describes the two infrastructures and then proceeds to showcase how they may be used for the exploration of two selected dialect syntactic topics: the relative placement of sentence adverbs and infinitive markers (±split infinitives) across varieties of Mainland North Germanic, and the lack of Verb Second in wh-questions across Norwegian dialects.
Mothers’ Perceptions of their Daughters’ Susceptibility to HPV-related Risk Factors: An Experimental Pretest Comparing Narrative and Statistical Risk Information
Authors: Pot Mirjam , Van Keulen Hilde , Paulussen Theo , Otten Wilma , Van Steenbergen JIm , Ruiter Robert
Published: February 2019

Background: In order to promote HPV-vaccination acceptability among mothers of invited girls, we developed a web-based, tailored intervention. This study reports on an experimental pretest for the component of this intervention targeting mothers’ perceptions of their daughters’ susceptibility towards HPV-related risk factors. Statistical versus narrative risk information was pretested as research results remain to be mixed on the surplus value of one type over the other in influencing mothers’ perceptions of their daughters’ susceptibility.Methods: We used data from 375 mothers of girls-to-be invited to the HPV-vaccination round 2014, who were derived from the Dutch National Immunization Register. They were randomly assigned to one of four conditions in a 2 (statistical information: yes or no) × 2 (narrative information: yes or no) between-subjects factorial design.Findings: Mothers who received statistical information felt their daughters were more susceptible towards HPV than mothers who received no statistical information. No main or interaction effects with narrative information were found. The effect of statistical information on mothers’ perceptions of their daughters’ susceptibility towards HPV was not moderated by perceived comprehensibility, credibility or novelty of the risk information, nor mediated by message-induced  imaginability, elaboration, personal relevance, or defensive reactions. However, in secondary analyses, in which we only included the statistical and narrative condition, we found personal relevance to mediate the effect of statistical information (independent variable) on mothers’ perceptions of their daughters’ susceptibility towards HPV (dependent variable).Discussion: Statistical risk information appeared most effective in increasing mothers’ perceptions of their daughters’ susceptibility towards HPV and was therefore included in the web-based, tailored intervention promoting HPV-vaccination acceptability.
A primazia de Wall Street e a continuidade dos privilégios do setor financeiro no Governo Trump
Authors: Maia Eduardo Santos
Published: February 2019

O presente trabalho abordará a primazia dos interesses de Wall Street no governo Trump. A partir do breve exame do processo de financeirização iniciado na década de 1970, será analisada a relação entre Trump e Wall Street, mormente as iniciativas adotas pelo presidente em favor do setor financeiro.Palavras-chave: Wall Street; governo Trump; desregulação financeira The present paper will address the primacy of Wall Street’s interests in Trump government. Starting from a brief analysis of the process of financialization initiated in the 1970s, the relation between Trump and Wall Street will be analyzed, particularly the initiatives adopted by the president in favor of the financial sector.Key words: Wall Street; Trump government; financial deregulation
Trump: um perigo para o privilegio exorbitante de Wall Street?
Authors: Haeming Bruno , De Figueiredo Gabriel Basso , Coelho Jaime Cesar , Cidade Lucas Rovaris , Dos Santos Tom C.
Published: February 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo principal fazer uma análise de conjuntura sobre os primeiros meses do governo Trump e sua relação com o setor financeiro. Procura confrontar a postura do presidente dos EUA durante a campanha, seus discursos e intensões, com as medidas tomadas no início do governo. Dentre estas medidas destaca-se as indicações de nomes para ocupar as principais agências reguladoras do sistema financeiro dos EUA e ações junto ao poder legislativo tratando da regulação setorial. Para tanto, utiliza-se de fontes jornalísticas e documentais, bem como da literatura científica especializada. Leva-se em consideração que o setor financeiro representa uma da principais fontes de lobby no Congresso americano e tem papel relevante na tomada de decisões estratégicas de governo, com impactos domésticos e internacionais.
Der Einheitliche Aufsichtsmechanismus bei der Europäischen Zentralbank (Single Supervisory Mechanism)
Authors: Gören Erol
Published: February 2019

At least since the onset of the economic and financial crisis in 2007, grave deficits of the institutional supervisory structure of the European Union have been revealed. Despite the global interdependence of the financial markets, it was characterized by a material and procedural supervision usually ending at the respective borders of the member states that reached its limits with respect to transnational cases in particular. The result of numerous reform discussions was the implementation of the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) which, at the same time, constitutes the key element of the European Banking Union. This dissertation particularly analyses the implementation act underlying the SSM, its organisation and its functions and competences, while at the same time offering a synopsis of the structure of European financial supervision.
O que as crianças dizem sobre a escola?
Authors: Santos Adriana Regina De Jesus
Published: February 2019

Compreender o que seja a escola na formação do pensamento simbólico dos alunos é o nosso desafio, sendo assim, o presente artigo tem como objetivo perceber a infância por meio do olhar da criança de modo a levar em conta a alteridade da mesma, legitimando-a como ser capaz de refletir ao narrar suas vivências e por essa via trazer informações importantes sobre as escolas da infância e sobre a criança-sujeito. Para tanto foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo com alunos da Educação Infantil e Anos Iniciais de um colégio estadual localizado na cidade de Londrina – Paraná, tendo como objetivo compreender a percepção das crianças de 04 a 10 anos de idade, a respeito da escola e de sua funcionalidade na formação e aprendizado humano. Em se tratando da metodologia de trabalho este estudo pautou-se na pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo tendo como parâmetro a abordagem qualitativa, onde utilizamos a narrativa como um instrumento de coleta de dados. Ao término da pesquisa pode-se constatar que a escola precisa ressignificar o seu tempo e espaço escolar, possibilitando ao aluno a capacidade de construir e transformar, de forma independente a atividade da própria vida, ser seu verdadeiro sujeito social, tecendo um olhar urgente para a própria transformação do espaço do aprender que ainda se detém a uma organização que não permite a interação e o diálogo em favor do conhecimento e da formação humana.
Jogos como gêneros multimodais: análise e elaboração crítica para multiletramentos
Authors: Dias Cynthia Macedo , Farbiarz Jackeline Lima
Published: February 2019

O presente artigo traz como hipótese que os jogos são mídias expressivas e multimodais, carregadas de discursos, que podem materializar e suscitar múltiplas construções de sentidos, para além de serem objetos de entretenimento. Objetiva, assim, discutir os jogos enquanto textos multimodais, a fim de propor uma face do “letramento lúdico” que se aproxime da perspectiva de multiletramentos, envolva a leitura crítica e a possibilidade de materialização de discursos de jovens estudantes por meio da criação e modificação de jogos mediada por seus professores. Como percurso metodológico, fundamenta-se nos estudos de gêneros discursivos e multimodalidade, com base em Bakhtin, Miller e Bazerman, Carvalho, Fairclough e Lemke e aplica esse olhar na análise de três versões de um jogo de tabuleiro bastante tradicional e conhecido, o Banco Imobiliário: a versão criada pelo designer Fabio Lopez em 2010, chamada “Bando Imobiliário”; a versão criada pela Estrela em contrato com a Prefeitura do Rio em 2013, “Banco Imobiliário Cidade Olímpica”; e a versão elaborada por professores de escolas públicas municipais e exposta na Cinelândia, um mês após a polêmica levantada pela distribuição do jogo comprado pela Prefeitura nas escolas municipais. O artigo propõe que as reflexões desenvolvidas inspirem a criação e modificação de jogos, no nível verbal, visual ou das regras, a fim de incorporar a polifonia a partir das “vozes” de alunos e professores e possibilitar que regras sociais, discursos e sentidos hegemônicos, muitas vezes naturalizados e ocultos por discursos centrípetos e autoritários, venham à tona e sejam problematizados.
Educação escolar quilombola no estado do Amapá: das intenções ao retrato da realidade
Authors: Custódio Elivaldo Serrão
Published: February 2019

O presente artigo objetiva discutir sobre a educação escolar quilombola no estado do Amapá: das intenções ao retrato da realidade. Trata-se do resultado final de um dos capítulos de um estudo etnográfico de natureza qualitativa que adotou a pesquisa bibliográfica, a análise documental e a entrevista semiestruturada como forma de investigação. Os resultados apontam que a educação para as relações étnico-raciais, em especial a educação escolar quilombola no Amapá, está caminhando em passos muito lentos, pois apresenta normalmente ações pontuais e fragmentadas, sem articulação com a realidade local de cada comunidade quilombola, e muitas vezes, quando se apresenta é de maneira genérica e superficial. Os resultados apontam ainda escassez de profissionais qualificados e com falta de experiência na área quilombola. Além disso, a implementação da maioria das políticas educacionais para a efetivação da educação para as relações étnico-raciais tem ficado somente no papel, ou seja, no discurso e nos documentos oficiais, pois na prática, isso não tem se efetivado de fato e de direito.
What do we want? Examining the motivating role of goals in social movement mobilization
Authors: van Bezouw Maarten Johannes , Kutlaca Maja
Published: February 2019

The main purpose of any social movement organization is to achieve the goals of its followers. Little is known, however, about what type of goals disadvantaged group members strive to reach and which of those may motivate them to join a social movement organization. Using a door-to-door survey (N = 351), we investigated the mobilizing effects of goals among inhabitants of the North of the Netherlands that are adversely affected by gas-extraction induced earthquakes. We distinguished between collective (e.g., reduce gas extraction) versus individual goals (e.g., financial compensation), and outcome versus means goals (e.g., influence policy-makers). Moreover, we examined how perceptions of shared opinions with other affected citizens versus with people who are not negatively affected by gas extraction motivate the inhabitants to join a movement and attach importance to different goals. Our results indicate the existence of two pathways for potential mobilization: the first one through the perceptions of shared grievances, which can motivate people to join the movement and pursue collective solutions; and a second one through the perceptions of deprivation, which can motivate people to exert influence on power holders by joining a movement. Individual outcome goals were important but did not motivate disadvantaged citizens to join a social movement organization. We discuss the role of goals as a link between individual level and meso level factors for movement mobilization and collective action.
Contempt of congress: Do liberals and conservatives harbor equivalent negative emotional biases towards ideologically congruent vs. incongruent politicians at the level of individual emotions?
Authors: Steiger Russell L. , Reyna Christine , Wetherell Geoffrey , Iverson Gabrielle
Published: February 2019

Prior research suggests that conservatives are more fear-motivated, disgust-sensitive, and happy than liberals. Yet when it comes to political targets (e.g., politicians), both liberals and conservatives can get very emotional. We examined whether the ideological differences in emotion seen in past research apply to emotions towards specific ideologically similar vs. dissimilar targets, or whether these emotions are instead equivalent between liberals and conservatives. Across two studies, liberals and conservatives rated their anger, contempt, disgust, fear, and happiness towards Democratic and Republican congresspersons. We compared participants’ levels of each emotion towards their respective ideologically dissimilar and ideologically similar congresspersons. Liberals and conservatives both experienced stronger negative emotions towards ideologically dissimilar congresspersons than they did towards ideologically similar ones. Neither liberals nor conservatives differed in negative emotions towards politicians overall (i.e., on average). However, there were ideological differences in emotional bias. In Study 1, liberals exhibited a greater contempt bias (i.e., a larger gap in contempt ratings between ideologically similar and ideologically dissimilar politicians) than conservatives did. In Study 2, liberals exhibited greater contempt, anger, disgust, and happiness biases than conservatives did. The need to consider context in the study of ideological differences in emotion is discussed.
Threats to human rights: A general review
Authors: Carriere Kevin R.
Published: February 2019

It has been seventy years since signing the Declaration of Human Rights, yet human right violations are still happening across the globe. This review asks the question – what is the impact of perceived threat on changing support for human rights into support for not-all-humans’ rights? In approaching human rights violations with a four-level model – institutions, cultures, groups, and individuals –, issues of capabilities, historical emotions, connectedness, and personality emerge. At the heart of these is the impact perceived threat has at each level within each issue. Limitations of current work, disagreements across the literature, and future directions are discussed.
How participation in collective action changes relationships, behaviours, and beliefs: An interview study of the role of inter- and intragroup processes
Authors: Vestergren Sara , Drury John , Hammar Chiriac Eva
Published: February 2019

Research has shown that numerous psychological changes can occur in and through collective action. Previous research on psychological consequences of participation in collective action has mainly focused on one change at a time and has rarely included a theoretical explanation for the change. The present study therefore investigates the range and possible connections between changes occurring in collective action. We interviewed participants (n = 28) involved in an environmental campaign in Sweden which included interaction with the police. Through thematic analysis of the data we found that the participants connected several psychological changes to aspects of their participation. Specifically, participants related these changes to two intertwined processes: intergroup interaction and intragroup interaction. We suggest that intergroup interaction (specifically conflict with the police outgroup) can affect intragroup processes (e.g., support and unity), which in turn can influence psychological change (e.g., empowerment and skills). Through the study, we develop and contribute to previous research by: 1) documenting a range of possible changes occurring through collective action participation, and 2) exploring the different psychological processes related to the changes. The implications of this research and future challenges are discussed in relation to developing the social identity approach.
Friends with text as data benefits: Assessing and extending the use of automated text analysis in political science and political psychology
Authors: Schoonvelde Martijn , Schumacher Gijs , Bakker Bert N.
Published: February 2019

Applications of automated text analysis measuring topics, ideology, sentiment or even personality are booming in fields like political science and political psychology. These developments are to be applauded as they bring about novel insights about politics using new sources of (unstructured) data. However, a divide exists between work in both disciplines using text as data. In this paper we argue in favor of more integration across disciplinary boundaries, structuring our case around four key issues in the research process: (i) sampling text; (ii) authorship as meta data; (iii) pre-processing text; (iv) analyzing text. Along the way we demonstrate that an assessment of speaker characteristics may crucially depend on the text sources under study, and that the use of sentiment words correlates with estimates of policy positions, with implications for interpretation of the latter. As such, this paper contributes to a critical discussion about the merits of automated text analysis methods in political psychology and political science, with an eye towards advancing the considerable potential of text as data in the study of politics.
Les crises migratoires globales à l’aune de la raison souveraine
Authors: Barsalou Olivier , Sipowo Alain-Guy
Published: February 2019

Ce chapitre introductif cartographie l’architecture politique et juridique globale sous-jacente de ce que les médias ont nommé la crise des migrants ou des réfugiés au Moyen-Orient. Au-delà des tropes annonçant le dépassement ou l’affaiblissement de la souveraineté, l’effondrement de la raison humanitaire européenne ou un énième échec des Nations Unies, voire du système international de protection des droits de la personne, la crise des réfugiés met en lumière le biais étatiste des réponses politiques et légales à cette crise. Ce chapitre s’entend donc comme une description de la raison souveraine, celle-là même qui gouverne la réponse humanitaire à la crise des réfugiés. La première partie identifie trois séries de stratégies ou dispositifs politiques déployés par les États qui contribuent à renforcer ce préjugé étatiste. La seconde s’attarde à cartographier les ressources juridiques mobilisées par les États qui concourent, elle aussi, à renforcer le préjugé étatiste de la réponse humanitaire. Que ce soit du point de vue des cadres normatifs déployés ou des réponses politiques mises en oeuvre, tout mène à la (re)production du préjugé étatiste du droit international et, ultimement, à la sanctuarisation de la souveraineté dans les relations internationales. Ultimement, il s’agira d’évaluer dans quelle mesure le droit international contribue à la protection des migrants ou, au contraire, fragilise leurs statut et condition.
L’implication des pays tiers dans la lutte de l’Union européenne contre l’immigration irrégulière
Authors: Ndiaye Ndeye Dieynaba
Published: February 2019

Le but de cet article, qui porte sur la contribution des pays d’origine et de transit des migrants dans la lutte contre l’immigration irrégulière en Europe, est d’analyser l’intervention de ces acteurs dans la gestion des flux migratoires et le contrôle des frontières, ainsi que des incidences de celle-ci sur les droits des migrants économiques et des demandeurs d’asile malgré leur nette différence de statut. Nous démontrons que les moyens et mesures pris par les pays tiers dans la mise en oeuvre de la lutte de l’Union européenne contre l’immigration irrégulière participent non seulement à cette distinction entre les migrants économiques et les demandeurs d’asile, mais impliquent aussi des violations de leurs droits fondamentaux.
Le principe de non-refoulement et l’Union européenne à l’épreuve de la crise syrienne
Authors: Ancelin Julien
Published: February 2019

La Convention de 1951 relative au statut des réfugiés demeure, malgré les critiques nourries qui lui sont adressées, le principal instrument contraignant de protection des réfugiés. Le principe de non-refoulement qu’elle renferme y joue un rôle essentiel. L’Union européenne et ses États membres y sont tenus et ne peuvent exciper, notamment, d’une situation économique et sociale difficile pour l’éluder. Malgré cette réalité juridique, les obstacles dressés aux frontières extérieures de l’Union européenne sont nombreux et flirtent souvent avec l’illicéité. Face à ce défi, l’Europe peine à définir une position ambitieuse et oscille entre mesures nationales discriminantes et compromis collectif malheureux.
Relakah anda menunggu? Menguji efek moderasi waktu tunggu pada fenomena zero price effect dalam keputusan membeli
Authors: Keinamada Sarah Gracia , Anzilah Wada , Narhetali Erita
Published: February 2019

Ketika ditawarkan produk secara gratis konsumen cenderung rela mengorbankan waktunya untuk mendapatkan produk tersebut. Fenomena ini adalah manifestasi dari fenomena zero-price effect; dimana konsumen menilai barang dengan nilai terlalu tinggi saat ditawarkan produk gratis. Apabila waktu tunggu memengaruhi perceived value dan keputusan membeli konsumen, maka waktu tunggu sebelum mendapatkan produk gratis, menyebabkan perceived value konsumen terhadap produk gratis akan semakin meningkat, membuat konsumen mengalami fenomena zero price effect, dan meningkatkan keputusan konsumen untuk membeli. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menguji efek moderasi waktu tunggu dalam keputusan membeli konsumen terhadap produk gratis yang ditawarkan. Penelitian eksperimental memiliki 2 (harga: gratis vs. diskon) × 2 (waktu tunggu: tidak ada waktu tunggu vs ada waktu tunggu) between-subject desain faktorial. Partisipan (N=54) ditugaskan secara acak pada kelompok berbelanja produk diskon atau gratis kemudian diminta untuk memilih produk yang ingin mereka beli. Mereka kemudian segera diberikan produk atau diminta untuk menunggu sebelum mendapatkan barang yang mereka pesan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dari keputusan membeli antara kelompok yang ditawarkan produk secara gratis dengan kelompok harga diskon, baik ketika mereka berada dalam situasi ada waktu tunggu atau tidak ada waktu tunggu.