bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Catalyzed Aquation of αβ‐syn‐ and αβ‐anti‐Chloro‐ and Bromo‐(1,9‐bis(2′‐pyridyl)‐2,5,8‐triazanonane)‐ and ‐(1,11‐bis(2′‐pyridyl)‐2,6,10‐triazaundecane)‐cobalt(III) Cations. An Unusually Base‐Sensitive Halopentamine Cobalt(III) System.
Authors: AHMED E. , CHATTERJEE C. , COOKSEY C. J. , TOBE M. L. , WILLIAMS G. , HUMANES M.
Published: May 2016

The linear quinquedentate N donor ligands (IIIa) and (IIIb) with terminal pyridyl groups prepared as shown react with Co(II) chloride and bromide accompanied by air oxidation to give the two isomeric complexes syn‐(IVa) and anti‐(Vc) isolated as their perchlorate salts.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Redox Systems for the Selective Transport of Electrons Across Liquid Membranes: Nickel(II,III) Tetraaza Macrocyclic Complexes.
Authors: DE SANTIS G. , DI CASA M. , MARIANI M. , SEGHI B. , FABBRIZZI L.
Published: May 2016

In order to perform the selective transport of electrons from an electron source phase to an electron receiving phase, a redox system is used as an electron carrier whose redox potential can be controlled.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrical Studies and Characterization of Complexes of Cobalt(II), Copper(II) and Zinc(II) with Diphenyl‐2‐pyridylmethane.
Authors: ALLAN J. R. , CARSON B. , PATON A. D. , TURVEY K. , BOWLEY H. J. , GERRARD D. L.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of corresponding metal(II) halides with the title ligand in ethanol leads to complexes of the formulation (I).
ChemInform Abstract: A Dynamic NMR Study of Trimethylplatinum(IV) Halide Complexes of 1,1,2,2‐Tetrakis(methylthio)ethane. Part 1. Low‐Temperature Solution Properties, and X‐Ray Crystal Structure of (PtIMe3((MeS)2CHCH(SMe)2)).
Authors: ABEL E. W. , COSTON T. P. J. , HIGGINS K. M. , ORRELL K. G. , SIK V. , CAMERON T. S.
Published: May 2016

The Pt(IV) halides (I) react with equimolar amounts of the title ligand (II) to give the chelate complexes (III) as major products and the ligand‐bridged dinuclear complexes (IV) as minor components.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Laurenene. Part 9. Crystal Structure of a Ring A Seco Keto Acid.
Authors: HAYMAN A. R. , SIMPSON J. , WEAVERS R. T.
Published: May 2016

The laurenene derived keto acid (I) is found to crystallize with two distinct twist conformations (space group is P21 with Z=4).
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Carbohydrate Triflates: A New Entry into Anellated Sugars.
Authors: SHEKHANI M. S. , VOELTER W.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the sugar triflates (I) or (IV) with lithioacetonitrile (II) yields the cyclopropanecarbonitriles (III) and (V) respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzo(d)naphtho(1,2‐b)pyran‐6‐one C‐Glycosides: Aryltri‐n‐butylstannanes in Palladium‐Mediated Coupling with 2,3‐Dihydropyran and Furanoid Glycals.
Authors: OUTTEN R. A. , DAVES G. D. JUN.
Published: May 2016

The commercially available fused pyranone (I) is converted to the tributylstannyl derivative (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 8‐ and 10‐Substituted Clavine Derivatives.
Authors: TIMMS G. H. , TUPPER D. E. , MORGAN S. E.
Published: May 2016

The ambient carbanion derived from agroclavine (I) reacts with various electrophiles either at the 8‐ or 10‐position.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantiomers of 2′‐Aminomethyl‐5‐benzylacyclouridine (AM‐BAU) and 2′‐Aminomethyl‐5‐benzyloxybenzylacyclouridine (AM‐BBAU). Potent Inhibitors of Uridine Phosphorylase.
Authors: PAN B.‐C. , CHU S.‐H.
Published: May 2016

Starting with the chiral isopropylideneglycerol (R)‐(I), the phthalimide (IV) is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Gas Polarographic Oxygen Sensor Using an Oxygen/Zirconia Electrolyte.
Authors: USUI T. , ASADA A. , NAKAZAWA M. , OSANAI H.
Published: May 2016

A gas polarographic oxygen sensor using a yttria‐stabilized ZrO2 electrolyte is investigated theoretically and experimentally with special emphasis on the factors influencing the limiting current in the normal diffusion region (temp., pressure, molar oxygen fraction, diffusion coefficients, area and length of the gas diffusion hole).
ChemInform Abstract: Masking Considerations in Chemically Assisted Ion Beam Etching of GaAs/AlGaAs Laser Structures.
Authors: BEHFAR‐RAD A. , WONG S. S. , DAVIS R. J. , WOLF E. D.
Published: May 2016

The use of three masking materials (photoresist, Cr, and SiO2) is examined and the quality of the resulting etched facets is evaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon‐Oxygen Bond‐Cleavage Reactions by Electron Transfer. Part 4. Electrochemical and Alkali‐Metal Reductions of Phenoxynaphthalenes.
Authors: THORNTON T. A. , ROSS G. A. , PATIL D. , MUKAIDA K. , WARWICK J. O. , WOOLSEY N. F. , BARTAK D. E.
Published: May 2016

The reaction pathways of the electrochemical and alkali‐metal reductions of the phenoxynaphthalenes (I) and (II) are investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Tosyl Alkyl Imidoesters and Imidocarbonates: Synthesis of Branched Primary Amines.
Authors: BARBOT F.
Published: May 2016

The N‐tosyl imidoesters (I) are coupled with the allylmetallic agents (II) to produce the bisallylated derivatives (III) which are deprotected to give the branched primary amines (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidations by Methyltrifluoromethyldioxirane. Epoxidation of Enol Ethers.
Authors: TROISI L. , CASSIDEI L. , LOPEZ L. , MELLO R. , CURCI R.
Published: May 2016

The alkoxyarylmethyladamantanes (I) and the related methylenenorbornane (IV) are oxidized with methyltrifluoromethyldioxirane to give the spirooxiranes (II) or (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Skeletal Rearrangements of Cyclohexylamine and Cyclopentylamine Over Zinc Chloride‐Impregnated Pumice and Alumina Catalysts.
Authors: WANG C.‐H. , WONG W. K. , CHEN C.‐T.
Published: May 2016

Cyclohexylamine (I) is passed in a stream of ammonia over pumice impregnated with zinc chloride, to form the picoline (II), cyclohexene (III), and the imine (IV) as main products.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Highly Substituted 2‐Pyridones by Reaction of Vinyl Isocyanates and Enamines.
Authors: RIGBY J. H. , BALASUBRAMANIAN N.
Published: May 2016

The cyclohexenyl isocyanates (III), derived from the carboxylic acids (I), undergo cyclocondensation with the cyclic enamine (IV), forming the phenanthridinones (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Ene Reaction of Unsaturated Thioketones.
Authors: MOTOKI S. , WATANABE T. , SAITO T.
Published: May 2016

The (o‐allyloxy)benzophenones (III) are sulfurized to give the thioketones (V) which undergo ring closure upon heating to form the benzoxathiocin derivatives (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Si‐C Bond Cleavages of Alkylidenesiliranes in the Reaction with Nucleophiles.
Authors: SASO H. , ANDO W. , UENO K.
Published: May 2016

The 2‐Z‐neopentylidenesilirane (I) reacts with a variety of nucleophiles such as methanol (II), benzaldehyde (IV), and the oxidants (VIII) and (IX) with ring opening at Si‐C2 bond and formation of the acyclic product (III) and of the ring expansion products (V), (VI), (VII), and (X) according to the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of tert.‐Butyllithium with Aluminumtribromide. Molecular Structures of (HAl(CMe3)2)3 and (LiHAl(CMe3)3)2.
Authors: UHL W.
Published: May 2016

The title reaction at low temp. is reinvestigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Compounds of Germanium and Tin. Part 3. Sterically Congested Alkylarylstannanes by Transfer and Isomerization of 2,4,6‐Tri‐tert.‐butylphenyl Groups.
Authors: WEIDENBRUCH M. , SCHAEFERS K. + , POHL S. , SAAK W. , PETERS K. , VON SCHNERING H. G.
Published: May 2016

The alkylarylstannanes (III) are formed by rearrangement of two aryl groups from (I), occurring during the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Dirhenium Complexes Containing Pairs of Bridging Acetate and Bis(diphenylphosphino)amine Ligands. cis and trans Isomers of the Type (Re2(O2CCH3)2X2(Ph2PNHPPh2)2)n+ (X: Cl, Br; n = 0, 1).
Authors: DERRINGER D. R. , FANWICK P. E. , MORAN J. , WALTON R. A.
Published: May 2016

The reactions of the dirhenium(III) carboxylates (I) with an excess of bis(diphenylphosphino)amine (II) in refluxing ethanol afford the reduced, mixed‐halide‐diphosphine complexes (III)‐(VI) with one, two or zero bridging acetate ligands in dependence of the reaction duration demonstrated in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbohydrate Components for Modified Anthracyclines: Synthesis of Derivatives of 3‐Amino‐3,4,6‐trideoxy‐L‐lyxo‐ and ‐L‐xylo‐hexose, and Attempts at Fluorination of C‐2.
Authors: BAER H. H. , MATEO F. H.
Published: May 2016

Mesylation of the 3‐nitroglucopyranoside (I) yields the mesylates (III) ‐ (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Construction of Optically Active 1,3‐Diols. Synthesis of (2S,4R)‐7‐Octene‐2,4‐diol and endo‐(1S,3S,5R)‐ and exo‐(1R,3S,5S)‐1,3‐Dimethyl‐2,9‐dioxabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane.
Authors: CHIKASHITA H. , KITTAKA E. , KIMURA Y. , ITOH K.
Published: May 2016

The title diol (IV) is a key intermediate in the synthesis of nonactic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Semisynthetic Macrolide Antibacterials Derived from Tylosin. Synthesis of 3‐O‐Acetyl‐23‐O‐demycinosyl‐4′′‐O‐isovaleryltylosin and Related Compounds, as well as the 12,13‐Epoxy Derivatives.
Authors: FISHMAN A. G. , MALLAMS A. K. , ROSSMAN R. R.
Published: May 2016

23‐O‐Demycinosyltylosin (23‐DMT) derivatives of type (IIIa) are more potent than their tylosin analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: Spectrophotometric Determination of Rhenium in Industrial Samples. A Rapid and Simple Method with High Selectivity.
Authors: MUELLER A. + , PIPERAKI E. , HESS‐RIECHMANN C.
Published: May 2016

The novel title method is based on the formation of a 1:1 complex (λmax = 630 nm) between malachite green and Re(VII) in organic solvents.
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium Intercalation of Thin Films of Metal Oxides by RF Sputtering.
Authors: AMASS C. S.
Published: May 2016

LixW03 films of 1 μm thickness are prepared by means of a novel RF sputtering technique that uses a lithium carbonate target for the intercalation of lithium into a tungsten oxide film.
ChemInform Abstract: Infrared Spectra of P4O6, P4O7, P4O8, P4O9, and P4O10 in Solid Argon.
Authors: MIELKE Z. , ANDREWS L.
Published: May 2016

P4O6 is reacted with 16O or 18O atoms generated by ozone photolysis and discharge of oxygen and the P4Ox and P4O618O(x‐6) (x = 7‐10) products are trapped in solid argon.
ChemInform Abstract: Indirect Electrochemical α‐Methoxylation of N‐Acyl and N‐Carboalkoxy α‐Amino Acid Esters and Application as Cationic Glycine Equivalents.
Authors: GINZEL K.‐D. , BRUNGS P. , STECKHAN E.
Published: May 2016

Use of high concentrations of chloride ion as mediator results in improved current yields (< 3 F/mol) in the title reaction, which proceeds by generation of MeOCl and transformation of substrates such as (I) and (V) (21 derivatives are studied overall) to the target compounds such as (IV) and (VI) via N‐chloro derivatives and imines of type (III), HCl elimination being the rate‐determining step.
ChemInform Abstract: Quantification of Singlet Oxygen Generated by Thermolysis of 3,3′‐(1,4‐Naphthylidene)dipropionate. Monomol and Dimol Photoemission and the Effects of 1,4‐Diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane.
Authors: DI MASCIO P. , SIES H.
Published: May 2016

The thermolysis of the endoperoxide (I) (or the system NaOCl/H2O2) leads to the generation of oxygen the singlet portion of which is trapped by the water‐soluble disulfate (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Aromatic Thiocyanation Using Supported Copper(I) Thiocyanate.
Authors: CLARK J. H. , JONES C. W. , DUKE C. V. A. , MILLER J. M.
Published: May 2016

Substitution reaction of the aryl iodides (I) or bromides (IV) with copper(I) thiocyanate (II), supported on charcoal, gives the aryl thiocyanates (III) or (V) which are free of phenyl isothiocyanates.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Liquid Phase Transfer Catalysis without Solvent: An Improvement for Chiral Michael Addition of N‐Acetylaminomalonate to Chalcone.
Authors: LOUPY A. , SANSOULET J. , ZAPARUCHA A. , MERIENNE C.
Published: May 2016

Coupling of chalcone (I) with the aminomalonate (II) is performed in the presence of various chiral quaternary ammonium salts, derived from ephedrine or cinchonidine, to produce the optically active malonate (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Promoted Cyclization. Part 24. Synthesis of Cyclopentanol Derivatives via Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclic Allylmetalation‐Dehydrometalation.
Authors: NEGISHI E. , IYER S. , ROUSSET C. J.
Published: May 2016

The acetoxymethyl‐1,6‐dienes (I), (III), and (V) are subjected to Pd‐catalyzed ring closure, yielding the vinylcyclopentanol derivatives (II), (IV), or (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxiranyl β‐Aminovinyl Ketones. Part 2. Synthesis of 3(2H)‐Furanones.
Authors: STASEVICH G. Z. , BUBEL' O. N. , TISHCHENKO I. G. , MUSA Y.
Published: May 2016

The oxiranyl aminovinyl ketones (I) are coupled with hydrohalic acids or the amines (III) to give the furanones (II) or (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Furofuranic Model of Natural Antifeeding Substances.
Authors: BRUNETIERE A. P. , LECLAIRE M. , BHATNAGAR S. , LALLEMAND J. Y. , COSSY J.
Published: May 2016

The dihydrofuran (I) is converted to the propargyloxytetrahydrofuranone (III) which is cyclized upon irradiation to give the bicyclic hemiacetal (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Aspects on the Reaction of Trialkyl‐(1‐methylindol‐2‐yl)borates.
Authors: ISHIKURA M. , TERASHIMA M.
Published: May 2016

The triethylmethylindolylborates (I) react with the bromides (II) in the presence of a Pd(II) catalyst to give the 2‐substituted 1‐methylindoles (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Cleavage of 4‐Oximinoflavans Using Iodobenzene Diacetate.
Authors: PRAKASH O. , PAHUJA S. , SAWHNEY S. N.
Published: May 2016

The title reaction represents a non‐acidic and mild oxidation approach to the desired flavanones (yield of (II): 60‐79%; 6 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Organopalladium‐Mediated Synthesis of Isocarbostyrils.
Authors: NAGARAJAN A. , BALASUBRAMANIAN T. R.
Published: May 2016

An efficient approach to the title compounds (II) (8 examples), which possess a broad spectrum of biological activities and are used as intermediates in alkaloid synthesis, is developed using palladium chloride.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocyclic Compounds. Part 51. Reissert‐Henze and Meisenheimer Reaction of Phenanthroline N‐Oxides.
Authors: SHIBATA Y. , TAKEUCHI I. , HAMADA Y.
Published: May 2016

Reissert‐Henze reaction of the fused pyridine N‐oxides (I) gives a mixture of the methyl sulfones (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Hetarylethylenes. Part 1. Synthesis and Isomerization of 10‐Allyl‐and 10‐Propenylphenoxazines.
Authors: ANFINOGENOV V. A. , KHLEBNIKOV A. I. , FILIMONOV V. D. , OGORODNIKOV V. D.
Published: May 2016

Alkylation of phenoxazine (I) with allyl bromide (II) gives N‐allylphenoxazine (III) which is isomerized upon treatment with potassium tert‐butylate to produce the cis‐propenylphenoxazine (IV) exclusively or together with the trans‐compound (V) depending on the reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Optically Active Phosphine Oxides. Part 9. Amine‐Directed Lithiation in Aliphatic Organophosphorus Systems. An Approach to α‐Monoalkylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Phosphine Oxides.
Authors: PIETRUSIEWICZ K. M. , ZABLOCKA M.
Published: May 2016

The (aminoethyl)methylphenylphosphine oxide (I) is deprotonated with butyllithium or LDA to form the anion (II) which is substituted with benzyl bromide (III) to yield the regioisomers (IV) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and X‐Ray Structure of the Nickelabenzocyclopentene Complex Cyclic (Me3P)2Ni(CH2CMe2‐o‐C6H4). Reactivity Toward Simple, Unsaturated Molecules and the Crystal and Molecular Structure of the Cyclic Carboxylate (Me3P)2Ni(CH2CMe2‐o‐C6H4C(O)O).
Authors: CARMONA E. , GUTIERREZ‐PUEBLA E. , MARIN J. M. , MONGE A. , PANEQUE M. , POVEDA M. L. , RUIZ C.
Published: May 2016

The alkylation of (I) with the Mg compound (II) leads to facile cyclometalation producing the complex (III) (space group P21/c, Z=4).
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Properties and Electrochemistry of Five‐Coordinate Rhodium(I) σ‐Cyanide Complexes. Synthesis and Characterization of Stable cis Hydride Cyanide Complexes of Rhodium(III).
Authors: BIANCHINI C. , LASCHI F. , OTTAVIANI M. F. , PERUZZINI M. , ZANELLO P. , ZANOBINI F.
Published: May 2016

The title complexes (I) are prepared from the appropriate hydrido complexes and excess ethyl cyanoformate with 71 and 70% yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Backbone Rearrangement of Steroids: Formation of (20R and 20S)‐1β,14β‐Dimethyl‐18,19‐dinor‐5β,8α,9β,10α‐c# holest‐13(17)‐enes.
Authors: SIESKIND O. , KINTZINGER J.‐P. , ALBRECHT P.
Published: May 2016

K10‐Montmorillonite catalyzed rearrangement of cholesten‐3β‐ol (I) yields a mixture of the sterenes (II) and (III).
ChemInform Abstract: The Crystal Structural Features of τ Borides as Derived from the Prototype Co21Ta2B6.
Authors: STADELMAIER H. H. , DAVIS H. H. , MANAKTALA H. K. , HENIG E.‐T.
Published: May 2016

The structure of Co21‐xTa2+xB6 (x = 0.18) is refined on the basis of single crystal XRD data and described in detail.
ChemInform Abstract: Ordering Structure and Dielectric Properties of Undoped and La/Na‐Doped Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3.
Authors: CHEN J. , CHAN H. M. , HARMER M. P.
Published: May 2016

The relaxor material Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN) has the cubic perovskite structure, space group Pm3m. TEM results show that Mg2+ and Nb5+ ions are short‐range ordered on the B‐site sublattice in undoped PMN with a domain size of 2‐5 nm.
ChemInform Abstract: The Behavior of Some Selenium(IV) and (VI) Compounds in 100% Sulfuric Acid
Authors: GILLESPIE R. J. , KAPOOR R.
Published: May 2016

is studied by 77Se NMR, cryoscopic and conductometric measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild Oxidation of 1,1‐Diorganometallics to Ketones and Aldehydes. A New Stereoselective Approach to Aldol Products. Part 1.
Authors: KNOCHEL P. , XIAO C. , YEH M. C. P.
Published: May 2016

The organo‐zinc compounds (I) react with the Grignard agents (II) to give the mixed 1,1‐dimetallated derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Mild Oxidation of Amines to Aldehydes and Ketones. Part 2.
Authors: CHEN H. G. , KNOCHEL P.
Published: May 2016

The N‐silylamines (I) are consecutively treated with butyllithium (II) and dry air to produce the oximes (IV) via the peroxides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Free‐Radical Nitration of Naphthalene with Nitrogen Dioxide in CCl4 and Implications for Environmental Nitrations.
Authors: SQUADRITO G. L. , FRONCZEK F. R. , CHURCH D. F. , PRYOR W. A.
Published: May 2016

Nitration of naphthalene (I) with nitrogen dioxide (II) proceeds via the radical (III) and leads to the formation of the nitrated naphthalenes (IV) ‐ (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Products from Reactions of Methyl E‐2‐Cyano‐3‐(p‐Substituted‐Phenyl)acrylates with 1‐Phenyldiazoethane and Cycloreversion of Secondary Pyrazolines.
Authors: NAGAI W. , HIRATA Y.
Published: May 2016

The E‐acrylates (I) mentioned in the title react with 1‐phenyldiazoethane (II) to form mixtures of the methyl pentenoates (III), the cyclopropanes (IV) and (V), and the pyrazolines (VI) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand Coupling Reaction on the Phosphorus Atom.
Authors: UCHIDA Y. , ONOUE K. , TADA N. , NAGAO F. , OAE S.
Published: May 2016

When tris(2‐pyridyl)phosphine oxide (I) is treated with organometallic reagents such as the Grignard compounds (II), the bipyridine (III) is obtained as the main product, together with pyridine (IV) and only small amounts of the 2‐substituted pyridines (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of 1,3,2λ5,4‐Thiazaphosphaboretidines.
Authors: FEST D. , HABBEN C. D. , MELLER A.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of 3,5‐dialkyl‐, ‐diaryl‐, or ‐diamino‐1,2,4,3,5‐trithiadiborolanes with the silylated aminoiminophosphorane (II) in refluxing toluene or xylene leads to 1,3,2λ5,4‐thiazaphosphaboretidines such as (III).
ChemInform Abstract: NMR and Electrochemical Investigation of the Redox and Exchange Reactions of Tellurium(II) and Tellurium(IV) Dithiocarbamate Complexes.
Authors: BOND A. M. , DAKTERNIEKS D. , DI GIACOMO R. , HOLLENKAMP A. F.
Published: May 2016

125 Te NMR and electrochemical data at Hg and Pt electrodes show that the complexes (I) are unstable in solution with respect to an internal redox reaction, producing the complex (II) and the disulfide (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Polycyclic Alkoxysilylamides of Li, Na, and K with Organic Lewis Bases.
Authors: VEITH M. , BOEHNLEIN J. + , HUCH V.
Published: May 2016

Independently of the substituent at the N atom the polycyclic and dimeric Li amides (I) react with bases like pyridine (II), THF, or dioxane to give the acid‐base adducts (III) of similar structure.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Compounds of Indium. Part 46. Indium(I) Derivatives of 3,5‐Di‐tert.‐butyl‐1,2‐o‐benzoquinone.
Authors: ANNAN T. A. , MCCONVILLE D. H. , MCGARVEY B. R. , OZAROWSKI A. , TUCK D. G.
Published: May 2016

In metal (II) reacts with the o‐benzoquinone (I) to give a solution of the corresponding semiquinone‐In(I) complex (III) which can be stabilized in the solid state as the neutral phenanthroline complex (V) or as the salt (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Lead(II) Compounds with π‐Bonded Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Ligands ‐ Syntheses, Structures, and Bonding Properties.
Authors: JUTZI P. , DICKBREDER R. , NOETH H. +
Published: May 2016

The reaction of (III) with PbCl2 leads to (I) or (IV) depending on the ratio of reactants.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,3‐Dihydrothiophene (2,3‐DHT) Complexes of Tungsten. Structure of W(CO)3(dppe)(2,3‐DHT).
Authors: GLAVEE G. N. , DANIELS L. M. , ANGELICI R. J.
Published: May 2016

The 2,3‐dihydrothiophene‐W complexes (III) and (V) are obtained according to the scheme and characterized by 1H NMR, IR, and mass spectral data as well as by X‐ray structure analysis of the title complex (IIIa) (space group P21/n, Z=4).
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic and CD Spectra of Catecholate and Semiquinonate Adducts of Zinc(II) and Nickel(II) Tetraaza Macrocyclic Complexes.
Authors: BENELLI C. , DEI A. , GATTESCHI D. , PARDI L.
Published: May 2016

The electrochemical properties, and the electronic and CD spectra of dioxolene adducts (I) and (II) containing the racemic and the (‐)‐SS isomer of the macrocyclic ligand are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Diterpenoid Total Synthesis. Part 27. Synthesis and Structure Revision of Bifurcarenone, a Unique Monocyclic Diterpene in Combination with a Hydroquinone C7 Unit as an Inhibitor of Mitotic Cell Division.
Authors: MORI K. , UNO T.
Published: May 2016

The first total synthesis of racemic bifurcarenone, a C27 hydroquinone isolated from the brown seaweed Bifurcaria galapagensis, is reported and its structure is shown to be (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Boron Anellation in Organic Synthesis. Part 3. Stereoselectivity and the Formal Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Helenalin.
Authors: WELCH M. C. , BRYSON T. A.
Published: May 2016

The divinylcyclopentane (I) is transformed into the fused cycloheptanones (III) by different methods: reaction with thexylborane and sodium cyanide (II) favours the formation of the isomer (IIIb), whereas treatment of (I) with bromoborane followed by cyclocondensation with dichloromethyl methyl ether (IV) gives predominantly the diastereomer (IIIa) which is a precursor of helenalin (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Modeling of γ‐Lactam Analogues of β‐Lactam Antibacterial Agents: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Selected Penem and Carbapenem Analogues.
Authors: ALLEN N. E. , BOYD D. B. , CAMPBELL J. B. , DEETER J. B. , ELZEY T. K. , FOSTER B. J. , HATFIELD L. D. , HOBBS J. N. JUN. , HORNBACK W. J. , HUNDEN D. C. , JONES N. D. , KINNICK M. D. , MORIN J. M. JUN. , MUNROE J. E. , SWARTZENDRUBER J. K. , VOGT D. G.
Published: May 2016

From computational chemistry studies it is suggested that γ‐lactam analogues of penems and carbapenems possessing a 7β‐acylamino side‐chain present the pharmacophoric groups in close spatial similarity to the groups in biologically active cephalosporin and penicillin antibiotics.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals. Part 9. Laterally Substituted Phenyl Benzoates Incorporating a trans‐1,4‐Disubstituted Cyclohexane Ring.
Authors: KELLY S. M.
Published: May 2016

More than 65 benzoates of type (I)‐(III) are synthesized including some 4‐((S)‐(1‐methylheptyl))oxy benzoates of types (I) and (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Cathodoluminescence Investigation of Ga1‐xAlxAs at Cryogenic Temperatures
Authors: ROEDEL R. J. , MYHAJLENKO S. , EDWARDS J. L.
Published: May 2016

is performed before and after zinc diffusion.
ChemInform Abstract: Charge Transfer Process at Illuminated Semiconductor/Electrolyte Junctions Modified by Electrodeposition of Microscopic Metal Grain.
Authors: ALLONGUE P. , SOUTEYRAND E. , ALLEMAND L.
Published: May 2016

Electrocrystallization is employed to deposit transparent layers of microscopic Pt grains on n‐GaAs electrodes.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth of Ge on (100) Si.
Authors: BARIBEAU J.‐M. , HOUGHTON D. C. , JACKMAN T. E. , MCCAFFREY J. P.
Published: May 2016

The initial stage of epitaxial growth of Ge on Si (100) is studied as a function of substrate temp. in order to determine the most suitable growth conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Carbo‐ and Heteropolycycles. Part 13. Thermal Cycloaddition Reactions of 4,5‐Epoxy‐4‐azahomoadamantanes with Acetylenic 1,3‐Dienophiles. Novel Formation of 4‐Azahomoadamantano(4,5‐a)pyrrole Derivatives.
Authors: EGUCHI S. , ASAI K. , SASAKI T.
Published: May 2016

The 4,5‐epoxy‐4‐azahomoadamantane (I) reacts with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (II) to give predominantly the cycloadduct (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Bis‐α‐diketones from Fluoranthene.
Authors: CHAIKOSKII V. K. , ELISEEV V. N.
Published: May 2016

Oxidation of the phenylethinylfluoranthene (I) gives the phenylglyoxal (II) which is dimerized in the presence of PdCl2, producing the bifluoranthene (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Derivatives of 3‐Hydroxymethyl‐3‐phenylazetidine and Attempted Conversions to 3‐Phenyl‐1‐azabicyclo(1.1.1)pentane or 3‐Phenyl‐1‐azabicyclo(2.1.1)hexane.
Authors: ANDERSON A. G. JUN. , JEWELL R. A.
Published: May 2016

The preparation of a series of new title compounds is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A (3 + 2)Cycloaddition Strategy to the Phyllanthocin Ring System.
Authors: TROST B. M. , MOELLER K. D.
Published: May 2016

Intramolecular, Pd‐catalyzed cyclization of the aldehydes (I), (III), and (VI) yields the fused methylidene‐O‐heterocycles (II), (IV) and (V) or (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Benz‐Fused Lactones. Part 1. Synthesis of 3‐Methyl‐1(3H)‐isobenzofuranones (Phthalides).
Authors: BOULET C. A. , POULTON G. A.
Published: May 2016

The benzoic acids (I) are converted via the corresponding benzamides into the 2‐aryl‐4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐oxazolines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Central Nervous System Activity of New Spirohydantoins.
Authors: COUDERT P. , RUBAT C. , BASTIDE P. , COUQUELET J. , SUDRE F.
Published: May 2016

Compounds of type (III) exhibit sedative, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant and anxiolytic activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzimidazole‐Condensed Ring Systems. Part 2. New Synthesis of Substituted 1‐Oxo‐1H,5H‐pyrido(1,2‐a)benzimidazole‐4‐carbonitriles and Related Derivatives.
Authors: RIDA S. M. , SOLIMAN F. S. G. , BADAWEY EL‐S. A. M. , KAPPE T.
Published: May 2016

The key step in the synthesis of the target compounds is the cyclocondensation reaction of 2‐(cyanomethyl)benzimidazole (I) with the β‐keto esters (II) or (X) or the related enamine (IV), yielding the pyridobenzimidazoles (III) or (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Angular Dioxinocoumarins.
Authors: GUILLAUMET G. , HRETANI M. , COUDERT G.
Published: May 2016

As part of a project concerned with the therapeutic applications of benzodioxins the title compounds (VI) and (XI) are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Unusually Stable, Heterocyclic Nitrilium Ylides.
Authors: PFLEIDERER W.
Published: May 2016

Heating of 1,3‐dimethyllumazine (Ia) in the solid state results in ring contraction, yielding 9‐cyano‐1,3‐dimethylxanthine (II).
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Approach to the Synthesis of N,N′‐Dimethyl Diazacoronands.
Authors: JURCZAK J. , OSTASZEWSKI R. , SALANSKI P.
Published: May 2016

Alkylation of the tertiary diamines (I) and (VI) with the diiodides (II) and (V) under pressure yields the cyclic ammonium salts (III) and (VII) which are demethylated upon treatment with triphenylphosphine to produce the N,N'‐dimethyl diazacoronands (IV) and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorus‐Nitrogen Compounds. Part 58. The Reactions of Hexachlorocyclotriphosphatriene with Ethane‐, 1,3‐Propane‐, and 1,4‐Butanediols. Spiro, Ansa, Bridged, and Dangling Derivatives and Their 31P and 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra.
Authors: ALKUBAISI A. H. , PARKES H. G. , SHAW R. A.
Published: May 2016

Ethanediol (II) and 1,3‐propanediol (V) undergo cyclocondensation reaction with the hexachloride (I) to give the spiroheterocycles (III), (VI), and (X) as the main products.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Complexation Properties of 2,11‐Diselena(3.3)(2,6)pyridinophane.
Authors: MURALIDHARAN S. , HOJJATIE M. , FIRESTONE M. , FREISER H.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (IV) is synthesized from 2,6‐bis(bromomethyl)pyridine (I) and potassium selenocyanate (II) using the high dilution method.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of Some Organozinc Compounds in Solvents Unusual in Organometallic Chemistry.
Authors: GRONDIN J. , SEBBAN M. , VOTTERO P. , BLANCOU H. , COMMEYRAS A.
Published: May 2016

The alkyl bromides (I) react with freshly prepared active zinc (II)/ copper couple in diethyl carbonate to form the alkylzinc bromides (III) which are treated with acetyl chloride (IV), yielding the methyl ketones (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Bishomoazasteroids by the Beckmann Rearrangement.
Authors: CAMOUTSIS C. , CATSOULACOS P.
Published: May 2016

The regioisomeric lactams (IV) and (V) are prepared from the ketone (I) via the stereoisomeric oximes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Phenolic Congeners of Colchicine: Preparation and Characterization of Phenolic and Catecholic Analogues of Colchicine, Colchiceine, and Thiocolchicine.
Authors: MUZAFFAR A. , CHRZANOWSKA M. , BROSSI A.
Published: May 2016

Acid‐catalyzed demethylation of 2‐demethylcolchicine (I) yields 1,2‐didemethylcolchicine (II) and 2,3‐didemethylcolchicine (III) which undergo further cleavage reaction on treatment with hydrochloric acid, producing the colchiceines (IV) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Methoxysubstituted 1,2‐Aminothiols. Antioxidants of Lubricating Oils.
Authors: ALLACHVERDIEV M. A. , GUSEINOVA A. T. , FARZALIEV V. M. , SULTANOV YU. M. , IBRAGIMOV N. YU.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (III) are prepared for the first time.
Effect of Shock Loads on the Process Stability and Behavior of an Anammox Hybrid Reactor
Authors: Tomar Swati , Gupta Sunil Kumar
Published: May 2016

The process stability of laboratory scale anammox hybrid reactor (AHR) was studied at different substrate and hydraulic shock loadings. The substrate shock load (SSL) was given by increasing the nitrogen concentration from 500–1750 mg/L, while the hydraulic shock loads (HSLs) were given by increasing the flow rates to 1.5‐, 2.5‐, and 3.5‐fold, respectively. Performance analysis of AHR dictated that the reactor was relatively more tolerant to HSLs but showed increased sensitivity to SSLs. Polynomial model and Gaussian model were applied to simulate the effect of overloads on the anammox bioreactor. Higher values of sensitivity index (1.96–12.86) and response factor (95.36–152.44) indicated higher degree of perturbations during SSLs than hydraulic shocks. This may be attributed to lower recovery rate (3.3–6.2 mg/mg h) during substrate shocks than HSLs. The modified Stover‐Kincannon model predicted the recovery potential of AHR with fair degree of accuracy.
Probing the Methyl Torsional Barriers of the E and Z Isomers of Butadienyl Acetate by Microwave Spectroscopy
Authors: Jabri Atef , Van Vinh , Nguyen Ha Vinh Lam , Stahl Wolfgang , Kleiner Isabelle
Published: May 2016

The Fourier transform microwave spectra of the E and Z isomers of butadienyl acetate were measured in the frequency range from 2 to 26.5 GHz under molecular‐jet conditions. The most stable conformer of each isomer, in which all heavy atoms are located in a symmetry plane, was identified after analyzing the spectrum by comparison with the results from quantum‐chemical calculations. The barriers to internal rotation of the acetyl methyl group were found to be 149.1822(20) and 150.2128(48) cm−1 for the E and Z isomers, respectively, which are similar to that of vinyl acetate. A comparison between two theoretical approaches treating internal rotation, the rho axis method and combined axis method, was also performed. The influence of the alkyl R chain on the methyl torsional barriers in CH3‐COOR acetates was explored.
Functional mitral regurgitation at discharge and outcomes in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure with a preserved or reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Kajimoto Katsuya , Sato Naoki , Takano Teruo ,   on behalf of the investigators of the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Syndromes (ATTEND) registry
Published: May 2016

Aims

The relationship between functional mitral regurgitation (FMR), left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), and outcomes is unclear in acute decompensated heart failure (HF) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between FMR and post‐discharge outcomes in HF patients with a preserved or reduced EF.

Methods and results

Of the 4842 patients enrolled in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Syndromes (ATTEND) registry, 3357 patients were evaluated to assess the association among FMR (none, mild, or moderate/severe) at discharge, a preserved or reduced EF, and the primary endpoint (all‐cause mortality and readmission for HF). The median follow‐up period after discharge was 530 (387–800) days. According to multivariate analysis, patients with either mild FMR or moderate/severe FMR from the preserved EF group had a significantly higher risk of reaching the endpoint than patients without FMR [hazard ratio (HR) 1.40; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–1.72; P = 0.001 and HR 1.40; 95% CI 1.09–1.81; P = 0.009, respectively]. In the reduced EF group, patients with moderate or severe FMR had a significantly higher risk relative to patients without FMR (HR 1.41; 95% CI 1.07–1.86; P = 0.015), but there was no significant association of mild FMR with the risk of reaching the endpoint (HR 1.09; 95% CI 0.84–1.42; P = 0.510).

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate that even mild FMR is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes in HF patients with a preserved EF, while moderate or severe FMR (but not mild FMR) is associated with adverse outcomes in HF patients with a reduced EF.
α‐Regioselective Aqueous Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction of 2‐(Trimethylsilyloxy)furan with Pyruvates
Authors: Adamkiewicz Anna , Woyciechowska Marta , Mlynarski Jacek
Published: May 2016

A procedure that enables access to α‐(hydroxyalkyl)butenolides from 2‐(trimethylsilyloxy)furan and keto esters with excellent regiocontrol is reported. Despite their synthetic significance, there is a general lack of catalytic methodology for the α‐regioselective Mukaiyama‐type aldol reaction of O‐silylated dienolates. We demonstrate that the challenging competition between the α and γ positions of the nucleophilic dienolate can be controlled by the use of aqueous solvent. This phenomenon, which is observed for 2‐(trimethylsilyloxy)furan, can be further extended to the reaction of 2‐(trimethylsilyloxy)thiophene and, less efficiently, to 2‐(trimethylsilyloxy)pyrrole. Moreover, initial application of water‐compatible chiral zinc complexes composed of (R,R)‐diphenylethylenediamine‐based ligands affords enantiomerically enriched α‐addition products in good yields (up to 72 %) and with good enantioselectivity (up to 55 % ee).
Copper‐Catalyzed Double S‐Arylation of Potassium Thioacetate with Dibenziodolium Triflates: Facile Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Dibenzothiophenes
Authors: Shimizu Masaki , Ogawa Mai , Tamagawa Tomokazu , Shigitani Ryosuke , Nakatani Masaki , Nakano Yoshiki
Published: May 2016

Much interest has been paid to cyclic diaryliodonium salts as bis(electrophile)s in transition‐metal‐catalyzed annulation reactions to produce polycyclic (hetero)aromatic hydrocarbons. Herein, we report that dibenziodolium triflates smoothly react with potassium thioacetate in the presence of CuCl2 in THF or DMSO at 100–110 °C to afford the corresponding dibenzothiophenes in good‐to‐high yields. The coupling reaction tolerates reactive functional groups such as chloro and cyano and serves as a facile and reliable method for the synthesis of unsymmetrical dibenzothiophenes.
Chlorinated Thiazole‐Containing Polyketide‐Peptides from the Caribbean Sponge Smenospongia conulosa: Structure Elucidation on Microgram Scale
Authors: Esposito Germana , Della Sala Gerardo , Teta Roberta , Caso Alessia , Bourguet‐Kondracki Marie‐Lise , Pawlik Joseph R. , Mangoni Alfonso , Costantino Valeria
Published: May 2016

Studies of non‐ribosomal peptide/polyketide (NRP/PK) hybrid compounds in the holobiome of the Caribbean marine sponge Smenospongia conulosa led to the isolation of two new chlorinated thiazole‐containing metabolites, conulothiazoles A (5) and B (6), along with four NRP/PK hybrids previously isolated from a different Smenospongia species. Structural elucidation was accomplished on a few micrograms of pure compounds using extensive NMR and MS studies, whereas determination of the absolute configuration of the amino acid moiety was achieved by degradation and by high‐resolution LC‐Ms analysis using only 4 µg of each compound.
Development of an Electrochemical Immunoassay for the Detection of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs)
Authors: Bettazzi Francesca , Martellini Tania , Shelver Weilin L. , Cincinelli Alessandra , Lanciotti Eudes , Palchetti Ilaria
Published: May 2016

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent environmental substances that were commonly used as fire retardants in a wide number of commercial products. Their low reactivity, high hydrophobicity and bioaccumulative properties cause their ubiquity in the air, water, food and lead to extensive exposure of world population to these compounds. The severe health problems caused by PBDEs lead them to be banned from the market. In March 2014 the European Commission issued a recommendation in which member states are requested to monitor brominated flame retardants in food, in order to evaluate human and wildlife exposure. Here, we described the development of an electrochemical magnetic particle enzyme‐linked immunoassay to analyze PBDEs in food samples. The immunological reaction is based on a competitive scheme, using an alkaline phosphatase labeled congener as tracer. The anti‐PBDE antibody modified magnetic particles are captured on the surface of carbon disposable array of sensors. The reaction extent is finally electrochemically measured by differential pulse voltammetry, upon the addition of substrate. Under the optimized conditions, a limit of detection of 0.18 ng/mL with a limit of quantification of 0.30 ng/mL and a quantification range of 0.30–6.9 ng/mL, (RSD%=12) is obtained. Results of food samples obtained from the newly developed electrochemical immunoassay are also reported.
Stimulating effect of both 4’‐O‐methylnorbelladine feeding and temporary immersion conditions on galanthamine and lycorine production by Leucojum aestivum L. bulblets
Authors: Saliba Sahar , Ptak Agata , Boisbrun Michel , Spina Rosella , Dupire François , Laurain‐Mattar Dominique
Published: May 2016

Bulb cultures of Leucojum aestivum and L. aestivum ‘Gravety Giant’ were subcultured in medium containing the precursor 4’‐O‐methylnorbelladine (MN) at various concentrations [0 (control), 0.15 and 0.3 g/L]. The cultures were conducted in bioreactor RITA® and lasted for 15, 30, 40 and 50 days. The growth rate and the alkaloid accumulation in bulblets were studied. For this latter purpose, a purification method was developed. It comprised a highly selective solid phase extraction using on the one hand, UPTI‐CLEAN SI and SCX cartridges for plant extracts and on the other hand, 2H cartridges for culture media. Pure alkaloidal fractions were, thus, analyzed by LC‐ESI‐MS allowing the quantitative evaluation of galanthamine and lycorine from culture extracts. Precursor feeding along with temporary immersion conditions was found to significantly improve the accumulation of both galanthamine and lycorine. The maximal concentrations of galanthamine (0.81 mg/g DW) and lycorine (0.54 mg/g DW) in L. aestivum bulblets were reached, respectively, after 40 days of culture with 0.15 g/L of precursor and after 30 days of culture with 0.3 g/L of precursor. In L. aestivum ‘Gravety Giant’ bulb cultures, 0.3 g/L of precursor was the best condition for both galanthamine (0.6 mg/g DW after 50 days) and lycorine (1.13 mg/g DW after 30 days).
Secondary EWSR1 gene abnormalities in SMARCB1‐deficient tumors with 22q11‐12 regional deletions: Potential pitfalls in interpreting EWSR1 FISH results
Authors: Huang Shih‐Chiang , Zhang Lei , Sung Yun‐Shao , Chen Chun‐Liang , Kao Yu‐Chien , Agaram Narasimhan P. , Antonescu Cristina R.
Published: May 2016

SMARCB1 inactivation occurs in a variety of tumors, being caused by various genetic mechanisms. Since SMARCB1 and EWSR1 genes are located close to each other on chromosome 22, larger SMARCB1 deletions may encompass the EWSR1 locus. Herein, we report four cases with SMARCB1‐deletions showing concurrent EWSR1 gene abnormalities by FISH, which lead initially to misinterpretations as EWSR1‐rearranged tumors. Our study group included various morphologies: a poorly differentiated chordoma, an extrarenal rhabdoid tumor, a myoepithelial carcinoma, and a proximal‐type epithelioid sarcoma. All cases showed loss of SMARCB1 (INI1) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and displayed characteristic histologic features for the diagnoses. The SMARCB1 FISH revealed homozygous or heterozygous deletions in three and one case, respectively. The co‐hybridized EWSR1 probes demonstrated either unbalanced split signals or heterozygous deletion in two cases each. The former suggested bona fide rearrangement, while the latter resembled an unbalanced translocation. However, all the FISH patterns were quite complex and distinct from the simple and uniform split signals seen in typical EWSR1 rearrangements. We conclude that in the context of 22q11‐12 regional alterations present in SMARCB1‐deleted tumors, simultaneous EWSR1 involvement may be misinterpreted as equivalent to EWSR1 rearrangement. A detailed clinicopathologic correlation and supplementing the EWSR1 FISH assay with complementary methodology is mandatory for correct diagnosis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stratigraphic correlations and occurrence patterns of two sets of Lower Cretaceous black shales in coastal southeastern China and geological implications: insights from zircon U–Pb ages
Authors: Hu Guang , Hu Wenxuan , Cao Jian , Yao Suping
Published: May 2016

Lower Cretaceous black shales in coastal southeastern China are of significance to the geological study of the Pacific tectonic domains. However, the stratigraphic correlations and occurrence patterns of the shales have not been well constrained so far. To address these limitations, 131 new zircon U–Pb dates were obtained from the tuff layers, which were interlayered with the shales from four outcrops. In combination with previously reported geochronological data, the stratigraphic correlations and occurrence patterns of the black shales were discussed. Results show that the black shales in the Shuidishan Formation (~145 Ma) in the Dayawan section, northern Guangdong, are older than those in the lower part of the Bantou Formation (~132 Ma) in the northward Yong'an section, southern Fujian, whereas they are roughly isochronous to the base of the Bantou Formation (~144 Ma). In contrast, the black shales in the upper part of the Bantou Formation (~117 Ma) from the Yong'an section in northwestern Fujian and the black shales in the Shixi Formation (~117 Ma) from the Yiyang section in northeastern Jiangxi can be isochronously correlated with the black shales in the Bantou Formation (~117 Ma) from the Chong'an section in northwestern Fujian, and they are slightly older than those in the Guantou Formation (~113 Ma) from the Shangzhang and Xiahuyuan sections in western Zhejiang. Black shales in Units I and II of the Shipu Group (~113–109 Ma) in northeastern Zhejiang can be isochronously correlated with those in the Guantou Formation (~113–106 Ma) in western Zhejiang. These new stratigraphic correlations indicate that the Lower Cretaceous black shales in coastal southeastern China can be divided into two regional‐scale sets. The first set was deposited during the early Early Cretaceous (Berriasian–Hauterivian) and is diachronous (i.e. 144 ± 2 Ma in the Dayawan section and 132 ± 2 Ma in the Yong'an section). The second set of black shales was deposited during the later Early Cretaceous and was roughly isochronous (~117 Ma). These results imply that the processes of the Pacific plate subduction in coastal southeastern China during the Early Cretaceous varied in two distinct stages that are identified by two volcanic–black shale cycles (i.e. ~145–120 and ~120–100 Ma). The distribution of the first set of black shales may extend to offshore basins in the South China Sea, whereas the second set may extend to the Taiwan Strait. Both sets are likely to be potential petroleum prospects. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel blood incubation system for the in‐vitro assessment of interactions between platelets and biomaterial surfaces under dynamic flow conditions: The Hemocoater
Authors: Boudot Cécile , Boccoz Ana , Düregger Katharina , Kuhnla Ariane
Published: May 2016

Hemocompatibility evaluation of biomaterials necessitates the use of blood incubation systems which simulate physiological flow conditions. However, most of the current systems have various limitations, especially restricted material variability, poor access to the test surface or damage of blood cells due to the use of a pump. In this paper, we combined the advantages of existent setups and developed a new planar shaped incubation test bench to lift those restrictions and mimic the pulsatile in‐vivo situation. The adjustable flow conditions at the tested material surface were defined and corresponded to those in blood vessels. Platelet/material‐interaction, as major aspect of hemocompatibility, was investigated for four common polymeric materials (polyoxymethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene and silicone elastomer) with platelet deprivation and platelet adhesion tests. Highly significant differences in the adhesion of platelets onto the tested material surfaces were measured. The number of adhered platelets on the most hydrophobic sample (silicone elastomer) was four‐times higher than on the most hydrophilic sample (polyoxymethylene). These findings were confirmed with a scanning microscopic analysis and demonstrated the suitability of the testing device for the evaluation of platelet/material interactions. Moreover, hemolysis measurements demonstrated that the system did not provoke blood damage. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2430–2440, 2016.