bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KERONCONGKU, NGRONCONGI
Authors: Prabowo Bayu Raditya
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTÂ Keroncong music has a basic concept of musical achievement that is often expressed by keroncong artists with the word "ngroncongi". Ngroncongi is a term that refers to the Java language. Keroncong becomes the basic word, which at the beginning of the word is affixed "Ng-Â "Â  and at the end the word gets "-i", so initially keroncong is a noun, turning into an adjective after it turns into "ngroncongi". Ngroncongi is a musical aspect that becomes an indication of keroncong music characteristic. Ngroncongi will be achieved when it reaches the aesthetic and keroncong culture. Musicality which is "ngroncongi" is constructed by several musical elements such as, samen spelen; ngglali; nyendaren; mbesut; luk; gojek; isen-isen; mbanyumili; and sintiran. Those elements are synergized to accommodate the concept of "ngroncongi". The elements of rhythmic pattern are sintiran, mbanyumili, and gojek. The elements for ornamentation are ngglali; mbesut; luk; nyendaren; and isen-isen. While the element of "samen spelen" is for a musical interaction between players by giving each other musical communication. These elements found from the emissive knowledge of keroncong players who are represented in musical way to build musicality which is called "ngroncongi".Â Kata kunci : Keroncong, Ngroncongi, Musikalitas
SOSIALISASI DAN INTERNALISASI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DRUM ANAK-ANAK (Studi Kasus Pengajaran Drum di Lembaga Kursus Musik West Brothers)
Authors: Permana Indra
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTÂ This paper begins with an interest in seeing the musical abilities of children learners of non-formal institutions of West Brothers music course in playing the drum, where the children show "maturity" in the musical. The level of difficulty, the selection of song repertoire, and the stage action presented by the children tends to resemble drum players of adolescence and adulthood. This raises a question about socialization and internalization in learning.Â West Brothers as an educational institution becomes a place of transmission of knowledge, skills, and values from? educators to learners. In the process of transmission, there is socialization and internalization through social interaction in drum learning activities. This research aims to know how the form of socialization and internalization in the drum learning process in West Brothers, especially in children learners, and how the process of socialization and internalization that form behavior patterns manifest in the musical ability of children playing drum musical instruments. This paper reveals that child behavior patterns embodied in the ability and taste of musical drumming are influenced and shaped through the process of interaction between learners and teachers in the West Brothers environment, including socialization and internalization.Â Kata kunci : sosialisasi dan internalisasi, west brothers, kursus drum solo
PENGARUH KARAWITAN GAYA SRAGEN PADA SELERA MASYARAKAT KEBAKKRAMAT
Authors: Wahyudi Joko
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTÂ This article discusses the influence of Sragen Style on the change of gamelan performance in Kebakkramat, Karanganyar. The Kebakkramat community who previously liked the performance style of Surakarta gamelan, are currently experiencing a change in taste to prefer Sragen style. Sragen style is popular in Sragen regency, because its location is adjacent to Karanganyar regency, giving influence to the style of karawitan art presentation in Kebakkramat sub-district. Sragen style gamelan has the characteristic of being simpler, louder, and easier to understand, and more flexible because Sragen style can be presented in all genres of songs, one of them being dangdut. Factors affecting the changing tastes of the population are increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries and environmental conditions. People in Kebakkramat sub-district experienced an increase and decrease of the population which indirectly affected the social and cultural environment. The emergence of a community of lovers of Sragen style and the rapidly growing media role also became an influence on people's tastes. In addition, the use of additional instruments in Sragen style and the role of MC in guiding the event to give a new color that makes the atmosphere more playful so is more liked by the community. Sragen style that tends to contradict with Surakarta style is increasingly in demand by Kebakkramat community, so indirectly causes pros and cons, both from artist and music lovers. In response, the two opposing views can be combined with reference to four dimensions, namely capitalism, industry, supervision and control. It aims to make Sragen style accepted as art of karawitan, but still under supervision and control, so as not to go too far of the characteristic of karawitan itself.Â Kata Kunci : karawitan, gaya Sragen, Sragenan, pengaruh, perubahan, Kebakkramat.
MUHAMAD KARNO KUSUMO DARMOKO PELOPOR KARAWITAN SRAGENAN
Authors: Widodo Robert Aris
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTÂ Starting from an idea to reveal the creativity of the artist who spearheaded the emergence of Karawitan Sragenan, Muhamad Karno Kusumo Darmoko through the process of artistry with the art work. Sragenan style started when the karawitan in Sragen began to be displaced by Dangdut music (orkes Melayu).Â Karno is one of the artists in Sragen who feel anxious about the situation and think about how to keep karawitan alive in Sragen. With the spirit of maintaining the existence of karawitan in Sragen and by having the educational background of art, Karno did some experimental process working on musical karawitan which culminate in an invention musical concept Sragenan style. Karno classifies that there are two concept of patterns in Sragenan style, they gecul and dangdut. The existence of Karawitan Sragenan style also has an impact on karawitan in Sragen, Sragen society and Muhamad Karno Kusumo Darmoko as the pioneer of Sragenan.Â Kata kunci : M. Karno KD, karawitan, kreativitas, Sragenan
KARYA KOMPOSISI MUSIK TETEG, REINTEPRETASI TRADISI PATHETAN SLENDRO SANGA NGELIK
Authors: Fatimah Mutiara Dewi
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTÂ The word â€œtetegâ€ comes from the Java language which means dare to deal with all issues both physical and non-physical. Teteg has the same synonym with tatag, tangguh, tanggon, and teguh. The form of this musical work is a reinterpretation of the traditional repertoire into a musical composition with new forms and colors. With the method of developing the traditional source, the composer carries the tradition of pathetan Sanga Ngelik. Pathetan sanga ngelik as the source of the creation of this music will be processed with a â€œgarapâ€ approach. One of the elements of garap mentioned above includes: technique, pattern, rhythm, laya, laras, pathet, and dynamics. Pathetan sanga ngelik will be described into several forms such as, merong form, ladrang, ketawang, lancaran, ayak-syak, srepeg, and palaran. This music also explores various characters which is called "rasagendhing" that consists : rasa sereng, gagah, regu, prenes, sigrak, gumyak, luruh, and gayeng or gecul. In this part, drama and music concepts appear in this work. Some other styles also exist in this work, among others: this work combines Surakarta style (Solo), Yogyakarta style, Nartosabdan style and also style outside the palace (rural) or Sragenan. The idea of this art work will be framed by the concept of "teteg" with meaning contained.Â Kata kunci: komposisi musik, teteg, reintepretasi tradisi pathetan slendro sanga ngelikÂ
Proposta fisioterapêutica para abordagem intensiva do infarto agudo do miocárdio, subgrupos I e II, segundo classificação de Killip e Kimball
Authors: De Souza Leonardo Cordeiro
Published: January 2020

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A prevalência de lombalgia em mulheres praticantes de ginástica em academias esportivas
Authors: Dos Santos Karynne Grutter Lisboa Lopes
Published: January 2020

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Estudo do efeito ultra-sônico na consolidação óssea
Authors: Evangelista Alexsander Roberto
Published: January 2020

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A importância dos músculos do assoalho pélvico feminino, sob uma visão anatômica
Authors: Da Silva Ana Paula Souza , Da Silva Jaqueline Souza
Published: January 2020

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Atuação da fisioterapia em uma paciente submetida í tumorectomia
Authors: Marcelino Daniella Regina , Costa Tayana , Braz Melissa Medeiros
Published: January 2020

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Sem modéstias fingidas
Authors: Da Silva Marco Antonio Guimarães
Published: January 2020

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Sí­ndrome da hiperpressão patelar lateral: tratamento fisioterapeutico
Authors: Zipperer Jean Rodrigo
Published: January 2020

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Efeitos fisiológicos da bupropiona no sistema nervoso central da tabagistas
Authors: Gulini Juliana El-Hage M B
Published: January 2020

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A interferência da mobilidade intra-articular na amplitude de coxofemoral em idosos
Authors: Henriques Glaúcia Ramos Pereira
Published: January 2020

RESUMO INDISPONÍVEL
Análise da influência do estresse no equilí­brio postural
Authors: Vianna da Rosa Glória Maria Morais
Published: January 2020

RESUMO INDISPONÍVEL
Adaptação funcional do aparelho respiratório aos efeitos do envelhecimento: aplicabilidade dos exercí­cios globais de força e resistência
Authors: De Mayor Alexandre de Mayor
Published: January 2020

RESUMO INDISPONÍVEL
A influência da personalidade na postura
Authors: Kock Kelser de Souza
Published: January 2020

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A melhora da capacidade do alcance funcional em mulheres idosas após o exercí­cios de Cawthorne e Cooksey
Authors: Ribeiro Angela dos Santos Bersot
Published: January 2020

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Estudo de imagem e esquema corporal de crianças portadores de paralisia cerebral do tipo tetraparética espática
Authors: Corrêa Fernanda Ishida
Published: January 2020

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Estudo do equilí­brio estático de idosos e sua correlação com quedas
Authors: Baraúna Mário Antônio
Published: January 2020

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Tétano: relação de dois casos internados no Hospital Regiona de Araranguá em Santa Catarina e abordagem fisioterapêutica
Authors: Valeski Alcioney
Published: January 2020

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Relação entre o estresse e as disfunções de ATM nos alunos e professores da Universidde Católica de Petrópolis
Authors: De Sousa Luiz Eduardo
Published: January 2020

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Treinamento em meio aquático para membro inferior
Authors: Grossi Débora Bevilaqua
Published: January 2020

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The Value of Hard Work Embodied in the Novel Mata dan Manusia Laut by Okky Madasari
Authors: Permana Luvi Kurnia , Suwandi Sarwiji , Anindyarini Atikah
Published: January 2020

This study aims at describing the character education values embodied in the novel Mata dan Manusia Laut by Okky Madasari. The novel is chosen due to the character values that can be a reflection of students to apply in daily life. As the object of the study is the stories of this novel which contains the character education values. This study is a descriptive qualitative research in which the data in this study are in the form of words. The data used in the form of a narrative dialogue between characters in the novel. The technique used is the content analysis method. For the data validity of this research uses theory triangulation, method triangulation, and data triangulation. The data analysis technique used is the analysis of the Flow model by Miles and Huberman (2012) through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, as well as withdrawal conclusions. The theory of character education values refers to the Thomas Lickona theory which consists of ten character education values. However, this study is more focused on the value of hard work. The results of this study show that regarding the character education values, novel Mata dan Manusia Laut by Okky Madasari gives examples as well as description especially for the value of hard work which contains eleven values quoted from the novel. Also, the novel Mata dan Manusia Laut by Okky Madasari is representative enough as literacy learning, especially for a novel containing character education.
Non Agriculture with Settlement Legality in Boyolali Regency Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Kurniadi Ahmad , Isharyanto Isharyanto
Published: January 2020

This research has been done to identify changes in agricultural land to non-agriculture causing the establishment of illegal settlements. Viewed from the standpoint of nature this research is descriptive research, carried out in order to help in strengthening old theories or within the framework of developing new theories. Research locations are in the Office of the Regional Planning, Research and Development (BP3D) Boyolali Regency and Boyolali Regency Agriculture Office. Data collection was carried out by interview and literature study. Data analysis technique is done by data reduction, data display and conclusion. The results show that agricultural development will occur if land problems over the conversion of agricultural land into settlements are unavoidable or need to find a solution to a problem that is very urgent, this is by studying the impact of the problem and socializing the community over these impacts and their resolution to obtain clarity of land legality the conversion. When land starts to shrink, domestic food needs will decrease because population growth cannot be avoided every year. For this reason, immediate special handling is needed, such as direct counseling for the community. Will be danger of land conversion is carried out continuously. Development of the latest technology is needed to manage the land so that fertility does not decrease quickly so as to reduce land productivity. Another way replacement of agricultural land which is used as an alternative handling of the legality problem of conversion of agricultural land.
Diseño e implementación de una PTAR por lodos activos a escala de laboratorio, Facultad de Ciencias Espoch
Authors: Castillo Reinoso Ana María , Criollo Quizphi Erika Carmen , Oñate Oñate Monica Paola
Published: January 2020

Se utilizó el método investigativo-experimental que consistió en: investigación de varios trabajos realizados en circunstancias similar, de la quesera Llin Llin Pucará – Cantón Colta manejando muestreo puntual, precisión física, química y microbiológica del agua residual, preparación de cálculos previos, construcción, procedimiento y cálculos reales. La construcción elaborada para la planta a graduación laboratorio fue policarbonato, las extensiones han sido tomadas con fundamento el 12% de las obtenidas en cómputos previos, la planta cuenta con tres tanques: reservorio, aireación y sedimentación de dimensiones 50cm x 50cm x 75 cm y dos depósitos: provisión de agua tratada y lodos con dimensiones 50cm x 50cm x 50cm. El tanque sedimentador enseña una inclinación del 20%. El método inició usando otros tiempos de suspensión hidráulica (72-60-48-36-24-12-8-4 horas) para cada muestra y 11 días de retención celular. resultado del procedimiento se logró la separación de demanda bioquímica de oxígeno (DBO) con un valor inicial de 28300 mg/L a 350 mg/L en un tiempo de retención hidráulica de 4 horas. Se concluye que el método biológico realizado en la planta a escala laboratorio es satisfactorio mostrando una eficiencia del 98% para aguas residuales de quesera. Se confía realizar un exacto control en cuanto al pH, temperatura, oxígeno disuelto, sólidos sedimentables, suspendidos y volátiles para certificar un adecuado sistema y reducir la demando bioquímica de oxígeno formidablemente.
ALIH KODE DAN CAMPUR KODE PADA POLA KOMUNIKASI DOSEN UNIVERSITAS KOMPUTER INDONESIA (UNIKOM) DI APLIKASI KULIAH ONLINE UNIKOM: KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK
Authors: Bustam Muhammad rayhan
Published: January 2020

Penelitian yang berjudul “Alih Kode dan Campur Kode pada Pola Komunikasi Dosen UNIKOM di Aplikasi Kuliah Online Unikom: Kajian Sosiolinguistik” ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan jenis, bentuk, serta tujuan digunakannya alih kode dan campur kode pada ujaran yang dikemukakan oleh dosen-dosen UNIKOM di aplikasi Kuliah Online. Adapun yang menjadi subjek penelitian ini adalah bahasa yang digunakan oleh dosen-dosen UNIKOM di aplikasi Kuliah Online tersebut, sedangkan objeknya adalah alih kode dan campur kode pada ujaran yang diungkapkan dosen-dosen tersebut. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan purposive sampling; yakni mengumpulkan sampel data yang berisikan kasus-kasus alih kode dan campur kode dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik jenis, bentuk, dan tujuan pemakaian alih kode dan campur kode, kemudian dianalisis dengan teknik analisis deskriptif sesuai dengan konteksnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 44 kasus terjadinya alih kode dan campur kode atau persentase penggunaan jenis ini mencapai 86,3% atau setara dengan 38 kasus. Sebaliknya, jenis alih kode yang paling sedikit terjadi adalah alih kode tag; persentase penggunaannya hanya 2,3% atau setara dengan 1 kasus. Sedangkan, jenis alih kode antarkalimat atau klausa mencapai persentase 11,4% atau setara dengan 5 kasus. Di sisi lain penggunaan bentuk alih dan campur kode yang ditemukan adalah 11,4% penggunaan bentuk alih dan campur kode intern atau setara dengan 5 kasus. Sedangkan, bentuk ekstern mencapai 88,6% atau setara dengan 39 kasus. Dari aspek tujuan penggunaan alih dan campur kode, dari total 26 data terjadinya alih dan campur kode, hanya empat tujuan alih dan campur kode yang ditemukan, yakni memperhalus permintaan sebanyak 3 kasus atau setara 11,6%, memberikan penekanan dari ungkapan sebanyak 1 kasus atau setara 3,8%, menunjukkan hubungan yang informal atau kedekatan sebanyak 4 kasus atau setara 15,4%, dan kebutuhan leksikal sebanyak 18 kasus atau setara 69,2%.
AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF THE RIVNE REGION
IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 1960S
Authors: LUKIANCHENKO SVITLANA
Published: January 2020

It is noted that in the early 1960s in the Ukrainian SSR economy the "negative tendencies" caused by the imperfection of activities of Regional Economic Soviets, as well as a number of subjective factors (significant shabbiness of the basic production funds, deformed structure of the allocation of productive forces, slowing down in real income growth). While analyzing the agro-industrial complex of the Rivne region, the successes and failures of the party-Soviet leadership in the development of major industries and agriculture are shown, and the shortcomings of the heads of individual industrial enterprises are pointed out. It was stressed that the Lviv Regional Economic Soviet and its management paid insufficient attention to subordinate enterprises. He weakly supervised their work and did not provide specific assistance in overcoming their backwardness, nor provided qualified personnel.
It has been shown that such programs as accelerating technological progress in all industries, improving technical and economic indicators in industry and construction, as well as implementing the experience of enterprises that have effectively used capital investment, have minimized labor costs per unit of output, remained unfulfilled. Solving these problems would allow increasing the level of industrial production, to solve the problem of employment of unemployed people, to use natural resources more effectively. The author argues that the economic reform of 1965, which helps to the restoration of a centralized governance model based on Union-wide sectoral ministries and agencies, was inevitable. Further research prospects are the analysis of the living standards of the USSR population in the 1950s and 1960s in the context of the current socio-economic and socio-political processes.
Keywords: Communist Party of Ukraine (KPU), Rivne region, industry, economy, economic stagnation, State Planning Committee of the USSR.
DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTIONING OF THE UKRAINIAN AUTHORITIES IN SNIATYN DISTRICT DURING ZUNR (1918–1919)
Authors: KOROLKO ANDRII
Published: January 2020

The study observes forms of activation of the national movement in the Sniatyn district before the dissolution of the Austria-Hungarian Empire and the beginning of the Ukrainian revolution in Western Ukraine. It describes the formation of branches of the Ukrainian authorities in the region during the November breakdown in 1918; highlights social and political processes in Sniatyn district. The author shows features of legislative procedure formation and activity of local authorities, administration, law enforcement bodies, armed forces. The authorities' steps in solving the land issue and the activity of the food administration are analyzed. The sanitary situation in the district is characterized, the causes of mass spread of infectious diseases are revealed, and the process of struggle of local authorities with epidemics is depicted. For a better understanding of this problem, the author considers it reasonable to publish the revealed and unknown documents on state running in the region.
Keywords: Sniatyn district, Pokuttia, public meeting, district council, gendarmerie, armed forces, judicial system, county food board, sanitary situation, epidemic.
MOBILIZATION OF UKRAINIAN POPULATION TO THE MILITARY FORCES OF WUPR: ORGANIZATION, PROBLEMS, CONSEQUENCES (NOVEMBER-DECEMBER, YEAR 1918)
Authors: LIASKOVYCH ROMAN
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to the problem, related to the personnel of the Galician military forces of WUPR formation in November and December of the year 1918. Being based on the rich historical data the conclusion has been made that on the territory of the WUPR during the first four months of its existence two general and a number of local partial mobilizations of male population were taken. It made possible for the Military Forces to be provided with human resources to a greater or lesser degree. The mobilization process as a complex of all necessary actions both in the center and periphery was not always well-organized, effective and well-planned, had certain differences in different districts, indicating a number of problems with readiness of men to defend the republic with arms as well as with their trining, equipment and use of recruits that was connected with state discipline violation, acute deficit of authority staff, improper work of the expected organs, their miscalculations and loss of control over the part of the Ukrainian territory, and the last but not the least the complexities of the state and military construction in the WUPR.
With time and experience mobilizing structures that lacked professional training and responsibility fulfilled their tasks at the more or less satisfactory level resulting in the number of Military Forces of not less than 11-12 thousand members. At the same time negative phenomena connected with the work of state structures as to organization and conducting of the forced mobilization of men to the troops at the level: center – military region – military district – community. Lack of the patriotic learning of the adults also produced its negative effect. Avoiding mobilization, deserting military forces were a usual thing.
Key words: WUPR, State secretary of military affairs, community commissar, mobilization, recruits, training, organizational problem.
PARTICIPATION OF THE UKRAINIAN ARMED FORCES IN THE COLLECTIVE SECURITY SYSTEM IN THE STATE POLICY OF INDEPENDENT UKRAINE
Authors: TKACHUK Andrii
Published: January 2020

The scientific article deals with the conceptual questions of the state policy of Ukraine regarding the participation of the Armed Forces in the collective security system. The specifics of state policy in national security and defense are outlined; its influence on the formation of Ukraine's foreign policy in the 21st century is clarified. The focus is on the factor of Russian aggression in the Crimea and the Donbas, which is extremely actualized the issue of Ukraine's participation in the collective security system in the region. The author draws attention to the fact that the participation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (ZSU) in the collective security system has remained an integral part of the state policy since the implementation of its multi-vector foreign policy model, without having a clearly defined political strategy. It was stated that only with the beginning of Russian aggression against Ukraine and the appearance of new challenges to national security and defense, the issue of the Armed Forces' participation in the collective security system became conceptual and received a clearly defined vector of development. It can be concluded that our country's participation in the Euro-Atlantic security system will permit it to influence collective political decisions and international policymaking in the region. At the same time, the expansion and deepening of Ukraine's international relations lead to urgent the need for improvement of the regulatory framework of the security and defense sphere. The prospect of integration into NATO's collective security systems and under the presidency of the EU (European Union) will also give an impulse to the transformation of the Armed Forces into a professional army able to resist any challenge to the national security of the country, towards raising military standards.
Keywords: national security, NATO, foreign policy, Russian aggression.
FROM INDEPENDISTS SLOGANS TO NORMALIZATION: THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ACTIVITIES OF VOLODYMYR TSELEVYCH (1931–1939)
Authors: SEREDIUK Mariia
Published: January 2020

The author provides an analysis of the organizational and political work of a well-known figure of the Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance (UNDO). Specific examples show the struggle of one of the leaders of Ukrainian national democracy for raising the national consciousness of Galician Ukrainians, establishing in the public mind the idea of ​​the unity and statehood of Ukrainian lands, and also highlight the contribution to the normalization of Polish-Ukrainian relations in the second half of the 1930s. The study demonstrated that Volodymyr Tselevych not only joined the Central Committee of the Party, but was elected Secretary-General (1925–1928, 1932–1937), and later became Deputy Chairman (1928–1930, 1937–1939). The UNDO leader has made great efforts to rebuild UNDO county organizations, to rebuild the activities of the party centers in villages and the party movement in general. At numerous meetings, V. Tselevych explained the main political line of the party –- to acquire an independent unite Ukrainian state, called on members for intensive work, organization of county congresses and local elections of the party leadership. It has been found out that the UNDO II and III congresses unreservedly approved the political line and tactics of the organization, expressed confidence in D. Levitsky and V. Tselevych. However, in the first half of the 1930s, the party's tactics underwent a fundamental change – has evolved towards finding ways of understanding with the Polish authorities based on the idea of Western Ukraine's autonomy within Poland. This was evidenced by the IV People's Congress, which intensified intra-party confrontation. From the perspective of V. Tselevych's political biography, the author shows the complex combination of political, social, and national aspects of the Ukrainian socio-political movement in the studied period.

Keywords
Volodymyr Tselevych, UNDO, Poland, social and political activity, normalization.
THE HOLODOMOR OF 1932-1933 IN UKRAINE:
MAIN STAGES OF SPREADING INFORMATION
Authors: ONYSHKO LESIA
Published: January 2020

The study describes stages of spreading information about the Holodomor1932-1933 by national and world public highlights specifics and features of it in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods.
Historiography has been analyzed. The main features of the Soviet period are analyzed: total denial of the USSR leaders to the Holodomor and introduction of an information blockade on the territory of the Union; prosecution for any mention of the Holodomor; discrediting persons who spread information; concealment, falsification or destruction of incriminating documents; creation of agents network and introduction of fake versions in order to minimize the socio-political consequences of the truth about the Holodomor; absence of this topic in socio-political and scientific discourses.
Among the main characteristic of the post-Soviet period are the following: joining of the Holodomor topic as a genocide of the Ukrainian people into socio-political and scientific discourses; using it in political or geopolitical struggle, organizing controversies over its territorial and chronological boundaries, pressuring international organizations and governments to deny or not recognize the Holodomor as genocide, and introducing controversies to maximize the neutralization of social and political consequences publicizing the truth about it.
Keywords: Holodomor (the Great Famine), genocide, information, scientific research, Soviet period, post-Soviet period, USSR, USSR.
COOPERATION BETWEEN THE CZECHOSLOVAK MILITARY AND THE CARPATHIAN SICH TO COUNTERACT SABOTAGE ACTIONS BY POLAND AND HUNGARY AGAINST CARPATHO-UKRAINE (1938–1939)
Authors: PAHIRIA OLEKSANDR
Published: January 2020

The article examines one of the little-studied aspects of the subversive operation of Poland and Hungary against Carpatho-Ukraine, namely the military cooperation between the Carpathian Sich and the Czechoslovak Army and security agencies (StOS, gendarmery, state police, and financial guard) in the protection of the borders of the autonomous region against attacks by Polish and Hungarian saboteurs in fall 1938 – early 1939. Drawing on Czech and Polish archival materials, as well as memoirs, the author establishes the role of Czechoslovak officers in the provision of arms, ammunition, and training for the Carpathian Sich units, as well as in their engagement in joint intelligence and counter-sabotage activities in the border areas with Poland and Hungary. Such actions produced a joint Czech-Ukrainian response to the undeclared "hybrid war" waged by Poland and Hungary against Carpatho-Ukraine, which final aim was to establish a common frontier in the Carpathians. Despite its largely secondary (auxiliary) function in this operation, the Carpathian Sich members were able not only to demonstrate efficiency in the fight against Hungarian and Polish militants but at the same time to become a source of information for the Czechoslovak intelligence. From the point of view of the Czechoslovak command's interests, the Carpathian Sich served as a "non-state actor," who was trying to counter-balance the enemy's non-regular formations. The mentioned military cooperation marked the first stage in relations between the Carpathian Sich and the Czechoslovak military that started in the first half of November 1938 and ended in mid-January 1939 with the nomination by Prague of Czech general Lev Prchala as the third minister in the autonomous government of Carpatho-Ukraine. For the Carpathian Sich, the cooperation with the Czechoslovak security agencies produced their first combat experience and served as the source of replenishment of its scarce arsenal.
Keywords: Carpatho-Ukraine, Carpathian Sich, sabotage, Poland, Hungary, "Lom" operation.
Vagal-Immune Interactions Involved in Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway
Authors: ZILA I. , MOKRA D. , KOPINCOVA J. , KOLOMAZNIK M. , JAVORKA M. , CALKOVSKA A.
Published: January 2020

Inflammation and other immune responses are involved in the variety of diseases and disorders. The acute response to endotoxemia includes activation of innate immune mechanisms as well as changes in autonomic nervous activity. The autonomic nervous system and the inflammatory response are intimately linked and sympathetic and vagal nerves are thought to have anti-inflammation functions. The basic functional circuit between vagus nerve and inflammatory response was identified and the neuroimmunomodulation loop was called cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Unique function of vagus nerve in the anti-inflammatory reflex arc was found in many experimental and pre-clinical studies. They brought evidence on the cholinergic signaling interacting with systemic and local inflammation, particularly suppressing immune cells function. Pharmacolo-gical/electrical modulation of vagal activity suppressed TNF-α and other proinflammatory cytokines production and had beneficial therapeutic effects. Many questions related to mapping, linking and targeting of vagal-immune interactions have been elucidated and brought understanding of its basic physiology and provided the initial support for development of Tracey´s inflammatory reflex. This review summarizes and critically assesses the current knowledge defining cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway with main focus on studies employing an experimental approach and emphasizes the potential of modulation of vagally-mediated anti-inflammatory pathway in the treatment strategies.
Pulmonary Surfactant and Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide: The Interaction and its Functional Consequences
Authors: KOLOMAZNIK M. , NOVA Z. , CALKOVSKA A.
Published: January 2020

The respiratory system is constantly exposed to pathogens which enter the lungs by inhalation or via blood stream. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also named endotoxin, can reach the airspaces as the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and lead to local inflammation and systemic toxicity. LPS affects alveolar type II (ATII) cells and pulmonary surfactant and although surfactant molecule has the effective protective mechanisms, excessive amount of LPS interacts with surfactant film and leads to its inactivation. From immunological point of view, surfactant specific proteins (SPs) SP-A and SP-D are best characterized, however, there is increasing evidence on the involvement of SP-B and SP-C and certain phospholipids in immune reactions. In animal models, the instillation of LPS to the respiratory system induces acute lung injury (ALI). It is of clinical importance that endotoxin-induced lung injury can be favorably influenced by intratracheal instillation of exogenous surfactant. The beneficial effect of this treatment was confirmed for both natural porcine and synthetic surfactants. It is believed that the surfactant preparations have anti-inflammatory properties through regulating cytokine production by inflammatory cells. The mechanism by which LPS interferes with ATII cells and surfactant layer, and its consequences are discussed below.
Physiology of Nitric Oxide in the Respiratory System
Authors: ANTOSOVA M. , MOKRA D. , PEPUCHA L. , PLEVKOVA J. , BUDAY T. , STERUSKY M. , BENCOVA A.
Published: January 2020

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important endogenous neurotransmitter and mediator. It participates in regulation of physiological processes in different organ systems including airways. Therefore, it is important to clarify its role in the regulation of both airway and vascular smooth muscle, neurotransmission and neurotoxicity, mucus transport, lung development and in the surfactant production. The bioactivity of NO is highly variable and depends on many factors: the presence and activity of NO-producing enzymes, activity of competitive enzymes (e.g. arginase), the amount of substrate for the NO production, the presence of reactive oxygen species and others. All of these can change NO primary physiological role into potentially harmful. The borderline between them is very fragile and in many cases not entirely clear. For this reason, the research focuses on a comprehensive understanding of NO synthesis and its metabolic pathways, genetic polymorphisms of NO synthesizing enzymes and related effects. Research is also motivated by frequent use of exhaled NO monitoring in the clinical manifestations of respiratory diseases. The review focuses on the latest knowledge about the production and function of this mediator and understanding the basic physiological processes in the airways.
Experimental Models of Acute Lung Injury in the Newborns
Authors: MOKRA D. , CALKOVSKA A.
Published: January 2020

Acute lung injury in the preterm newborns can originate from prematurity of the lung and insufficient synthesis of pulmonary surfactant. This situation is known as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). In the term neonates, the respiratory insufficiency is related to a secondary inactivation of the pulmonary surfactant, for instance, by action of endotoxins in bacterial pneumonia or by effects of aspirated meconium. The use of experimental models of the mentioned situations provides new information on the pathophysiology of these disorders and offers unique possibility to test novel therapeutic approaches in the conditions which are very similar to the clinical syndromes. Herewith we review the advantages and limitations of the use of experimental models of RDS and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) and their value for clinics.
Heart Rate Variability in Newborns
Authors: JAVORKA K. , LEHOTSKA Z. , KOZAR M. , UHRIKOVA Z. , KOLAROVSZKI B. , JAVORKA M. , ZIBOLEN M.
Published: January 2020

Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in newborns is influenced by genetic determinants, gestational and postnatal age, and other variables. Premature infants have a reduced HRV. In neonatal HRV evaluated by spectral analysis, a dominant activity can be found in low frequency (LF) band (combined parasympathetic and sympathetic component). During the first postnatal days the activity in the high frequency (HF) band (parasympathetic component) rises, together with an increase in LF band and total HRV. Hypotrophy in newborn can cause less mature autonomic cardiac control with a higher contribution of sympathetic activity to HRV as demonstrated by sequence plot analysis. During quiet sleep (QS) in newborns HF oscillations increase – a phenomenon less expressed or missing in premature infants. In active sleep (AS), HRV is enhanced in contrast to reduced activity in HF band due to the rise of spectral activity in LF band. Comparison of the HR and HRV in newborns born by physiological vaginal delivery, without (VD) and with epidural anesthesia (EDA) and via sectio cesarea (SC) showed no significant differences in HR and in HRV time domain parameters. Analysis in the frequency domain revealed, that the lowest sympathetic activity in chronotropic cardiac chronotropic regulation is in the VD group. Different neonatal pathological states can be associated with a reduction of HRV and an improvement in the health conditions is followed by changes in HRV what can be use as a possible prognostic marker. Examination of heart rate variability in neonatology can provide information on the maturity of the cardiac chronotropic regulation in early postnatal life, on postnatal adaptation and in pathological conditions about the potential dysregulation of cardiac function in newborns, especially in preterm infants.
Selective Inhibition of NF-κB and Surfactant Therapy in Experimental Meconium-Induced Lung Injury
Authors: KOPINCOVA J. , MIKOLKA P. , KOLOMAZNIK M. , KOSUTOVA P. , CALKOVSKA A. , MOKRA D.
Published: January 2020

Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) in newborns is characterized mainly by respiratory failure due to surfactant dysfunction and inflammation. Previous meta-analyses did not prove any effect of exogenous surfactant treatment nor glucocorticoid administration on final outcome of children with MAS despite oxygenation improvement. As we supposed there is the need to intervene in both these fields simultaneously, we evaluated therapeutic effect of combination of exogenous surfactant and selective inhibitor of NF-κB (IKK-NBD peptide). Young New Zealand rabbits were instilled by meconium suspension and treated by surfactant alone or surfactant in combination with IKK-NBD, and oxygen-ventilated for 5 h. PaO2/FiO2, oxygenation index, oxygen saturation and ventilation efficiency index were evaluated every hour; post mortem, total and differential leukocyte counts were investigated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and inflammatory, oxidative and apoptotic markers were assessed in lung tissue homogenates. Exogenous surfactant combined with IKK-NBD improved oxygenation, reduced neutrophil count in BALF and levels of IL-1β, IL-6, p38 MAPK and caspase 3 in comparison with surfactant-only therapy. It seems that inhibition of inflammation may be strong supporting factor in surfactant treatment of MAS.
Kelayakan Finansial Pembangunan Batching Plant PT. Waskita Beton Precast,Tbk Provinsi Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Yasri Desi , Widodo Hendra , Setiani Yulia
Published: January 2020

The Batching Plant establishment project of PT. Waskita Beton Precast, Tbk is aimed to meet the needs of its own ready mix concrete to develop 2 km of Manado-Bitung Toll Road. The establishment of this batching plant was caused by the worry that demand for concrete need with a volume of 73,000 m³ was not fulfilled which has been planned for the period of 33 months (June 2016 to December 2018). This temporary project evaluation is needed for assessing the time of return on investment capital and the achievement evaluation using investment criteria. Investment evaluation used 3 (three) analytical techniques commonly used in Benefit-Cost Analysis (BCA), namely Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Cost-Benefit Ratio (BCR). The investment evaluation results showed that the decision criteria with NPV of Rp. 3,721,209,360.08, where NPV> 0, IRR of 107.82%, gave the value of IRR > 4.92% and with BCR of 1.054, gave the value of BCR> 1. All calculation results showed the value of the criteria that the Batching Plant Project of PT. Waskita Beton Precast, Tbk is eligible and makes a profit.
Evidence on Trade Union Members’ Dissatisfaction with Inequalities at a Scottish University
Authors: Majeed Dr. Theresa Marie
Published: January 2020

The present paper includes insights on trade union members’ perceptions of job dissatisfaction related to inequalities at a Scottish university. Research spanning more than five decades has consistently shown that trade union member employees report higher levels of job dissatisfaction than non-union employees, although industrial relations scholars have been unable to agree on as to why that is the case. Prior research of trade union membership and its link to job dissatisfaction has largely been quantitative. The present study therefore added much needed, individual-level insights to the industrial relations literature through its use of a qualitative approach that included interviews with 23 individuals. This research is part of a wider project in which trade union membership and job dissatisfaction were explored, and that led to the author being awarded a PhD from the University of St. Andrews in the United Kingdom.
Who Voted in 2016? Using Fuzzy Forests to Understand Voter Turnout
Authors: Kim Seo-young Silvia , Alvarez R. Michael , Ramirez Christina M.
Published: January 2020

What can machine learning tell us about who voted in 2016? There are numerous competing turnout theories, and many covariates are required to assess which theory best explains turnout. This paper is a proof-of-concept that machine learning can help overcome this curse of dimensionality and reveal important insights in studies of political phenomena. We use Fuzzy Forests, an extension of Random Forests, to screen variables for a parsimonious but accurate prediction. Using the 2016 Cooperative Congressional Election Study, Fuzzy Forests chose only a few covariates as major correlates of turnout and still boasted high predictive performance. Our analysis provides three important conclusions about 2016 turnout: registration and voting procedures were important, political issues were important (especially Obamacare, climate change, and fiscal policy), but few demographic variables other than age were strongly associated with turnout. We conclude that Fuzzy Forests is an important methodology for studying over-determined questions in social sciences.
Pedagogy of the Privileged: Globalization, Identity, Belonging, and Empowerment
Authors: Frueh Jamie
Published: January 2020

This paper explores ideas for bringing a global perspective into how undergraduates understand themselves and their relative positions in the world. Understanding of discourses of belonging should supplement how we teach discourses of diversity, equity, and inclusion. I draw on critical arguments and insights about pedagogy from Paulo Freire, Antonio Gramsci, and bell hooks to emphasize the political context and power implications not just of the knowledge we as professors convey, but also of the identities that define our relationships to that knowledge and to our students. I confront my own positions of privilege and discuss the implications of the political project of unsettling the complacency with which my students typically approach their own unearned advantages. I argue that discerning and analyzing social and political simplifications is a key component of a liberal education because it frees students to make more decisions with more freedom.
Gambaran Histopatologi Tumor Ganas Payudara di Laboratorium Patologi Anatomi RSUP M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2017
Authors: Suarfi Ana Stesia , Anggraini Debie , Nurwiyeni Nurwiyeni
Published: January 2020

Background: Malignant breast tumors are a disease where there is overgrowth or uncontrolled development of breast tissue cells. The method of mediating malignant breast tumors up to now which is the gold standard is histopathological examination, which in this examination can determine the type of malignant or benign breast tumors. Histopathological examination of breast tissue is needed as a definitive diagnosis in determining the type of breast malignant tumor and the degree of histopathology. Objective: To determine the histopathological picture of malignant breast tumors at the Pathology Anatomy Laboratory of RSUP. M. Djamil Padang in 2017.Method: This research is a descriptive study with cross sectional design. The sample of this study were 47 people with breast malignant tumors at the Anatomy Pathology Laboratory of Dr. M. Djamil Hospital in 2017 which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research data was obtained from the status of the Pathology Anatomy Laboratory at RSUP.DR.M.Djamil Padang in 2017. Results: The highest frequency of malignant breast tumors in the age group 26-65 years (95.7%), female gender (100%), histopathology type invasive ductal carcinoma (63.8%), histopathological degree (68.1%). Conclusion: The description of the incidence of malignant breast tumors in the laboratory of Dr. M.Djamil Hospital Padang in 2017 mostly occurs at the age of 26-65 years, female, histopathological type of invasive ductal carcinoma, degree II.
Gambaran Jumlah Trombosit dan Kadar Hematokrit Pasien Demam Berdarah Dengue di Rumah Sakit Islam Siti Rahmah Padang
Authors: Kafrawi Vudhya Ulhaq , Dewi Nadia Purnama , Adelin Prima
Published: January 2020

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by the dengue virus. The West Sumatra Health Service reported that the city of Padang was the highest city in the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in West Sumatra. It is known that platelet counts and hematocrit levels are important indicators in determining the occurrence of shock and the severity of the disease. This type of research is a descriptive study using a cross sectional design with a retrospective approach, this study was conducted at the Siti Rahmah Islamic Hospital in Padang. The population in this study were all medical record data of patients who had been diagnosed with dengue hemorrhagic fever by a specialist in internal medicine at the Siti Rahmah Islamic Hospital in Padang period 1 January-31 December 2017, as many as 162 people with 62 samples using Simple random sampling technique. Univariate analysis is presented in the form of a frequency distribution       table. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the highest age was early adulthood, which was 69.4% and the highest sex was women, 58.1%. The highest clinical degree is degree 1, which is 58.1%. Most of the patients had platelet counts <100,000 cells / mm3 is 64.5% with an average platelet count of 87,790 cells / mm3. Most of the normal hematocrit levels were 67.7% with an average hematocrit level of 40.45%. Based on degree 1 most with platelet counts <100,000 cells / mm3 which is 55.6%, at degree 2 mostly with platelet counts <100,000 cells / mm3 which is 76.9% and based on degree 1 most hematocrit levels are normal is 63.9 % and at degree 2 most of the normal hematocrit levels are 73.1%.