bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between apoptosis and the BH2 domain sequence of the VP5 peptide of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus
Authors: Ortega S Cesar , Rodríguez S Sylvia , Espinoza Juan Carlos , Kuznar Juan , Romero Alex , Enríquez Ricardo
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjective. To determine whether the level of apoptosis induced by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is related to the amino acid sequence of the BH2 domain of the VP5 protein and the level of infectivity. Materials and methods. Three IPNV strains were used, the VP2 protein gene was amplified for genotyping and the VP5 sequence was also obtained. The infectivity of the strains was calculated using the viral titer obtained at 12, 24, 36 and 45 hpi in CHSE-214 cells. The percentage of apoptosis in infected cells was visualized by TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry (caspase 3 detection). Results. The V70/06 and V33/98 strains corresponded to genotype Sp, while V112/06 to VR-299; the amino acid analysis of the V70/06 strain allows its classification as middle virulent strain and V33/98 and V112/06 strains as low virulent ones; infection with the V112/06 strain produced a lower viral titer (p<0.05). The VP5 gene of the 3 strains showed four homologous domains to Bcl-2, however, the BH2 domain was truncated in V70/06 and V33/98 (12 kDa), being complete (15kDa) in V112/06, which also showed the Trp155 residue, equivalent to Trp188 considered as a critical factor for the function of Bcl-2. The average apoptosis was below 12%, showing no differences between strains (p>0.05). Conclusions. The results showed that the differences in the BH2 sequence of the VP5 protein, infectivity and the VP2 sequence are not associated with the modulation of apoptosis.
Estimation of genetic parameters for milk traits in Romanian local sheep breed
Authors: RS Pelmus , GC Pistol , C Lazar , MA Gras , E Ghita
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjective. Estimate the genetic parameters for milk traits in a Romanian local sheep population Teleorman Black Head. Material and methods. Records of 262 sheep belonging to 17 rams and 139 ewes were used in the study. The following traits were investigated: milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, fat percentage and protein percentage. The genetic parameters were estimated using the Restricted Maximum Likelihood method, with a model including maternal effects. Results. The results from our study revealed that direct heritability estimates were moderate for milk yield (0.449), fat yield (0.442), protein yield (0.386) while for protein percentage (0.708) and fat percentage (0.924) were high. The high direct and maternal genetic correlation was between milk yield and protein yield (0.979, 0.973) and between protein yield and fat yield (0.952, 0.913) while the phenotypic correlation between the milk yield and fat yield (0.968), the milk yield and protein yield (0.967), fat yield and protein yield (0.936) was high and positive. Conclusions. The genetic parameters are important in selection program on this breed for genetic improvement.
Comportamiento predestete de cabritos cruzados en Guanajuato, México
Authors: Castillo-Rodríguez Sonia , Rivera-Sandoval Jorge , González-Reyna Arnoldo , Martínez-González Juan
Published: July 2017

RESUMENObjetivo. Los pesos al nacimiento y al destete fueron registrados para evaluar el comportamiento pre-destete de cabritos cruzado en ocho pequeñas fincas de producción de leche de cabra en Guanajuato, México. Materiales y métodos. Se usaron 234 registros de cabritos, las cabras fueron mantenidas en condiciones de pastoreo con suplementación de un concentrado comercial. Los cabritos eran cruzados, de las razas Sannen, Alpina y Toggenburg, los datos fueron analizados con un modelo estadístico que considero los efectos de rebaño (RE), grupo contemporáneo (GC), número de parto (NP), tipo parto (TP) y sexo del cabrito (SC). Resultados. Las medias de peso al nacer, peso a los 60 días de edad y la ganancia diaria de peso fueron 3.4±0.5 (rango 2.0 a 5.5), 13.7±1.8 (rango 8.0 a 17.5) y 0.17±0.02 (0.08 a 0.23 kg). El peso al nacimiento fue afectado (p<0.01) por RE, GC, NP, TP y SC. Sin embargo, el peso a 60 días y ganancia diaria de peso fueron afectadas (p<0.05) por RE y SC. Conclusiones. El rebaño afectó el comportamiento de los cabritos.
Productividad acumulada y su relación genética con características reproductivas en hembras Brahman
Authors: Duitama C Orlando , González H Luis , Garcia Diogo , Farah Michel , Da Fonseca Ricardo
Published: July 2017

RESUMENObjetivo. Estimar parámetros genéticos para la característica de productividad acumulada (PAC) y correlaciones genéticas con edad al primer parto (EPP), intervalo entre el primero y segundo parto (IEP1) y longevidad (LONG). Materiales y métodos. Fueron usados 8584 registros de hembras Brahman, utilizando un modelo animal en análisis multi-característico con el método de máxima verosimilitud restricta, implementado en el software WOMBAT. Los modelos consideraron los efectos fijos de grupo contemporáneo, número de partos, y la covariable peso al destete del primer ternero; el único efecto aleatorio fue el genético aditivo directo. El peso al destete (P240) fue incluido para disminuir el efecto de la selección en la estimación de los componentes de varianza. Resultados. Las estimativas de heredabilidad fueron de 0.3±0.04, 0.11±0.03, 0.07±0.03 y 0.24±0.04 para EPP, IEP1, LONG y PAC respectivamente. Las correlaciones entre PAC y las otras características se presentaron de moderadas a altas y en sentido favorable. Conclusiones. PAC puede ser incluida en los programas de mejoramiento genético para Brahman, y utilizada como criterio de selección por su heredabilidad moderada y correlación genética favorable con las características reproductivas en estudio.
Identificación de un polimorfismo del gen Est9 relacionado con resistencia a piretroides en Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus
Authors: Diaz R Edgar , Vallejo Gustavo
Published: July 2017

RESUMENObjetivo. Mediante procedimientos de PCR-RFLP, detectar un polimorfismo en el gen Est9 de garrapatas Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus resistentes a piretroides en Ibagué, Colombia, determinando el grado de asociación entre los fenotipos y los genotipos resultantes. Materiales y métodos. El ADN de 30 teleoginas R. (Boophilus) microplus fenotípicamente susceptibles, resistentes o medianamente resistentes a piretroides en una prueba de Drummond modificada, fue amplificado por PCR con cebadores específicos para obtener un fragmento de 372 pb del gen Est9, que fue sometido a digestión con la enzima EcoRI para estudiar los RFLPs generados y poder diferenciar los respectivos genotipos. El grado de asociación entre los fenotipos y los genotipos resultantes se determinó mediante la prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados. Luego de digerir el fragmento con la endonucleasa, se generaron dos segmentos en teleoginas con algún nivel de resistencia, mientras en las teleoginas susceptibles no hubo división del fragmento de 372 pb, demostrándose así la presencia de una mutación puntual y los genotipos homocigoto natural, homocigoto mutante y heterocigoto. Las diferencias altamente significativas (p<0.01) entre teleoginas susceptibles y aquellas con algún nivel de resistencia, mostraron una relación directa entre el genotipo y el fenotipo con un nivel de confianza de p=0.0009852. Conclusiones. Se comprobó, por primera vez en Colombia, la presencia de una mutación puntual en el gen Est9 de garrapatas R. (Boophilus) microplus resistentes a piretroides, sugiriendo la necesidad de realizar estudios para detectar alteraciones moleculares en otros genes relacionados con quimioresistencia.
Antibodies against spotted fever group Rickettsia sp., in horses of the colombian Orinoquia
Authors: Riveros-Pinilla Diego A. , Acevedo G Leidy , Londoño Andrés F. , Góngora O Agustín
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Objective. It was determined the presence of antibodies against Rickettsia sp. of the spotted fever group, in horses of 8 municipalities of the Colombian Orinoquia. Matherials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 246 sera from apparently healthy horses and processed by the indirect immunofluorescence test (IFI). Results. General seropositivity was (2.85%; 7/246), while by municipalities the results were, Arauca (9.1%; 2/22), Saravena (5.6%; 1/18), San José del Guaviare (4.9%; 2/41), San Martín (3.8%; 1/26), Yopal (1.9%; 1/52). It was not identified the presence of antibodies in Puerto López (0/52), Puerto Gaitán (0/15) and Villavicencio (0/20). Four of the positive samples presented titles of 1:64, while the remaining 3 1:128. Conclusions. It shows the circulation of Rickettsia sp. of the Spotted Fever Group in horses in the region of the Colombian Orinoquia, suggesting the need for further studies to understand the ecoepidemiology of municipalities with presence of seropositive.
Fecundidad y fertilidad de Macrobrachium amazonicum (Héller 1862) (Decápoda, Palaemonidae) del Piedemonte Llanero Colombiano
Authors: Aya-Baquero Elizabeth , Velasco-Santamaría Yohana
Published: July 2017

RESUMENObjetivo. Determinar la fecundidad y fertilidad de Macrobrachium amazonicum del Piedemonte llanero. Materiales y métodos. Los animales fueron capturados en una granja piscícola del municipio de Restrepo-Meta, Colombia y llevados a la estación piscícola del Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad de los Llanos. Se utilizaron hembras ovígeras a las cuales se les determinó el peso corporal (g) y longitud total (mm), así como su fecundidad (número de huevos/ hembra) y fertilidad (número de larvas/hembra). En los huevos se midieron el diámetro y longitud, para calcular su volumen. Resultados. La fecundidad varió entre 120 a 549 huevos con una media de 331 ± 93. Con respecto a la fertilidad, las hembras evaluadas tuvieron 287 ± 19 larvas, con un intervalo entre 102 a 703. Tanto para fecundidad como para fertilidad se observó que existe una relación lineal positiva significativa (r2 entre 0.85 y 0.91) con respecto al peso corporal y la longitud total de las hembras (p< 0.001). El diámetro de los huevos fue de 750.7 ± 2.9 μm (rango: 500 – 1000 μm) y el largo 974.2 ± 3.6 μm (525 – 1200 μm). El tamaño de los huevos fue de 296.2 ± 9.7 μm3. Conclusiones. Los valores de la fecundidad y fertilidad para Macrobrachium amazonicum en el Piedemonte llanero son inferiores a los resultados obtenidos en otros estudios; sin embargo, el tamaño de sus huevos es mayor. Los resultados permiten inferir que la especie se reproduce durante todo el año y que su fácil manejo permitiría su cultivo en cautiverio.
Efecto de tres tipos de presas vivas en la larvicultura de bagre blanco (Sorubim cuspicaudus)
Authors: Prieto-Guevara Martha , Hernández B Jhiry , Gómez R Catalino , Pardo C Sandra , Atencio-Garcia Victor , Rosa Priscila V
Published: July 2017

RESUMENObjetivo. Evaluar el efecto de diferentes presas vivas en la larvicultura de bagre blanco (Sorubim cuspicaudus). Materiales y métodos. Al inicio de la alimentación exógena de Sorubim cuspicaudus, se ofreció zooplancton producido en mesocosmos (T1), zooplancton silvestre (T2) y nauplios de Artemia (T3), en concentración de 10.000 zoop/L, dos veces al día, durante seis días. Se utilizaron 18 acuarios de cinco litros de volumen útil, con densidad de 25 Larvas/L, seis réplicas por tratamiento en un diseño al azar. Se estimaron la ganancia en peso (Gp) y longitud (Gl), tasa de crecimiento específico (G), sobrevivencia (S), resistencia al estrés (Re), mortalidad acumulada (Ma) y mortalidad por canibalismo (Mc). Resultados. Las larvas alimentadas con mesocosmos presentaron la mayor sobrevivencia (81.3±15.9%); aunque el mejor crecimiento lo presentaron las larvas alimentadas con zooplancton silvestre (T2) las cuales presentaron la mayor mortalidad (42.0±10.7%) y la menor resistencia al estrés (30.0±33.0%). El canibalismo se observó en todos los tratamientos, oscilando entre 4.0 (T2) y 14.3% (T1) sin diferencias significativas entre estos valores (p>0.05). Conclusiones. El uso de zooplancton producido bajo condiciones controladas permitió una alta sobrevivencia, adecuado desempeño y resistencia de las larvas, perfilándose como alternativa viable en la primera alimentación de bagre blanco.
Presence of gastrointestinal parasites in swine and human of four swine production farms in Cundinamarca- Colombia
Authors: Mendoza-Gómez María F , Pulido-Villamarín Adriana , Barbosa-Buitrago Angélica , Aranda-Silva Moisés
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Objectives. Determine the presence and the type of endoparasites with zoonotic potential in swine and human of two technified and two semi-technified farms in the department of Cundinamarca, Colombia. Materials and methods. Three serial samplings of feces were taken in a pen row within intervals of 15 days, in two technified and two semi-technified farms in different age groups distributed as follows: pregnant-sows, nursing-females, boars, weaners, suckling-piglets, and growing-pig. By means of informed consent thirty-three people agreed to enter the study. Thirty-three samples from men and women of different ages were received. The pool and individual samples of fecal were evaluated by direct analysis, qualitative flotation and sedimentation techniques and modified Ziehl- Neelsen stain. Results. For the porcine population, on the average, the results obtained from both technified farms showed that Balantidium coli (42%), Endolimax nana (21.9%) and Iodamoeba bütschlii (7.8%) were the most common parasites. In semi-technified farms they were: Entamoeba coli (40%), Endolimax nana (35%), Iodamoeba bütschlii (25%) and Balantidium coli (5%). By means of the test chi2 it is possible to conclude that there is a significant difference between the parasites species and the type of farm. The results obtained in human showed the presence of parasites as: E. coli (42.2%), Entamoeba hystolitica/dispar (12.1%), E. nana (9.1%), B. coli (9.1%), I. bütschlii (3.0%) and Blastocystis hominis (3.0%). Conclusions. The presence of parasites such as Balantidium coli, Endolimax nana, Iodamoeba bütschlii and Entamoeba coli in swine and human suggests a possible rotation of parasitic species between hosts.
Modelación del crecimiento de pollitas Lohmann LSL con redes neuronales y modelos de regresión no lineal
Authors: Galeano-Vasco Luis , Cerón-Muñoz Mario
Published: July 2017

RESUMENObjetivo. Modelar la curva del crecimiento de aves de la línea Lohmann LSL utilizando modelos no lineales (MNL), no lineales mixtos (MNLM) y redes neuronales artificiales (RNA). Materiales y métodos. Periódicamente se pesaron 33 aves en promedio, desde el día 21 al 196 de vida para un total de 558 registros individuales de peso. En el ajuste de la curva de crecimiento se utilizaron los modelos: no lineal de Von Bertalanffy (MNL), no lineal Mixto de Von Bertalanffy (MNLM) y redes neuronales artificiales (RNA). Los modelos se compararon con coeficiente de correlación y medidas de presicion cuadrado medio del error (CME), desviación media absoluta (MAD) y porcentaje de la media absoluta del error (MAPE). Resultados. Los valores de correlación entre los datos reales y estimados, fueron 0.999, 0.990 y 0.986 para MNLM, RNA y MNL respectivamente. El modelo más preciso con base en los criterios MAPE, MAD y CME fue el MNLM, seguido por la RNA. La grafica de predicción generada la RNA es similar a la del MNLM. La RNA presentó un desempeño superior al MLN. Conclusiones. El mejor modelo para la predicción de curvas de crecimiento de aves comerciales de la línea Lohmman LSL hasta los 196 días de edad, con múltiples mediciones por animal en el tiempo, fue el MNLM. La RNA presento un desempeño superior al MNL.
Procesamiento del grano de maíz sobre la cinética de degradación de la materia seca in vitro
Authors: Velásquez V Raul , Noguera Ricardo R , Posada O Sandra
Published: July 2017

RESUMENObjetivo. Determinar el efecto del procesamiento del grano de maíz sobre la cinética de degradación y fermentación de la materia seca in vitro. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron cinco tratamientos, cada uno constó de una mezcla con dos especies, 70% pasto Kikuyo (Pennisetum clandestinum) y 30% grano de maíz (Zea mays). El grano fue sometido a diferentes procesamientos: maíz grueso seco (MGS), maíz fino seco (MFS), maíz reconstituido (MGH), reconstituido y ensilado (MGE) y ensilado con urea (MGEU). Se realizó la técnica de gas in vitro para medir parámetros de degradación y de producción de gas en diferentes horarios hasta las 48 h. Se utilizaron los modelos de Gompertz y Ørskov y McDonald para ajustar las curvas de producción de gas y degradación de MS y se evaluaron con PROC NLIN de SAS. Resultados. Los mayores volúmenes acumulados fueron obtenidos con los tratamientos MFS y MGEU con 552.5 ml y 524.03 ml, respectivamente y fueron diferentes al tratamiento MGS (p<0.05). El potencial de degradación (A+B) en MGS mostró el menor valor, siendo diferente (p<0.05) a los tratamientos MFS, MGE y MGEU. Conclusiones. El tipo de procesamiento del grano de máiz molido fino, reconstituido, ensilado con y sin urea mejoraron significativamente los parámetros de fermentación y degradación de la MS. El uso de grano molido fino (2 mm) puede ser reemplazado por grano grueso reconstituido y ensilado, el cual resulta más económico que la molienda fina.
Asociaciones entre las concentraciones de cobre sérico, cobre hepático y ceruloplasmina sérica en equinos
Authors: Boulou O Pierre , Noro Mirela , Böhmwald L Helga , Wittwer M Fernando
Published: July 2017

RESUMENObjetivo. Determinar los valores y el grado de asociación entre las concentraciones de cobre (Cu) hepático y sérico y de ceruloplasmina (Cp) sérica en equinos. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron 38 equinos adultos, beneficiados en plantas faenadoras de la Región de la Araucanía, Chile. Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre por venopunción yugular previo al beneficio para determinar las concentraciones séricas de Cu y de Cp y, de hígado posterior al beneficio para determinar la concentración de Cu. Se calculó los intervalos de referencia y la asociación entre las concentraciones de Cu hepático y sérico y Cp sérica mediante correlación de Pearson y regresión lineal. Resultados. Se estimaron intervalos para las concentraciones de Cu hepático (32 - 161 μmol/kg de materia húmeda) y sérico (10 – 24 μmol/L) y, para Cp sérica (0.08 - 0.43 ΔDO). Los valores de Cu hepático, al ser comparados con los reportados por la literatura, indican que los animales presentaron un nivel adecuado de Cu, a excepción de 1 caballo, que se encontró bajo el límite inferior. La cupremia se asoció con la concentración sérica de Cp (r=0.49; p<0.05), no apreciándose asociación entre las otras variables (p>0.05). Conclusiones. Las concentraciones de Cu hepático de equinos adultos, beneficiados en plantas faenadoras de la Región de la Araucanía, Chile, se encontraron dentro de los intervalos descritos en la literatura. Las concentraciones de Cu hepático no se asociaron con las de Cu o Cp séricas.
Fatal parasitosis in blackbucks (Antilope cervicapra): a possible factor risk in hunting units
Authors: De la Cruz-Hernández Ned , López-Acevedo Edgar , Torres-Rodríguez Lorena , Aguirre-Guzmán Gabriel
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT In February 2012, a reproductive group of 60 adult blackbucks (Antilope cervicapra) from Veracruz, Mexico was relocated to hunting units in eastern and northeastern Mexico. Seven individuals died due to hemorrhagic parasitic, abomasitis and enteritis caused by Haemonchus spp., Setaria spp., and Trichostrongylids. Deaths were associated with hepatic necrosis, bilateral congestive distention of heart and fibrinonecrotic bronchopneumonia. Also Anaplasma marginale was identified. The blackbucks’ population displayed a general mortality rate of 11.67%, where 25% of total male and 9.62% of total female died. The mortality was controlled by segregation of all remaining blackbucks and the treatment for internal and external parasites (biting flies and ticks). After the treatment, no fatality cases related to parasitosis were recorded. The results presented here exhibit the high relevance of parasitosis as possible factor risk in the survival of tis specie.
Importance of ticks in the transmission of zoonotic agents
Authors: Betancur H Oscar , Betancourt E Antonio , Giraldo R Cristian
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT The pathogens transmitted by ticks to human beings are a motive of public health concern around the world, such is the case of Lyme disease in the northern hemisphere, Encephalitis virus in Europe, the recurrent fevers and the Rocky Mountains spotted fever, better known in Colombia as “Tobia Fever”. People of all economic and social conditions are prone to develop a zoonotic agent transmitted by these vectors, which could be infected by several pathogens through co-infection mechanisms. The epidemiology and prevalence of these diseases are affected by ecological, climatic and anthropogenic factors. All these factors, affect in a different manner the enzootic cycle between pathogens, ticks and wild hosts. Current molecular diagnostic tools have allowed to progress in pathogen identification, previously unknown or undetermined. The government intervention capacity of each country, and the multidisciplinary professional cooperation, especially from physicians and veterinarians, is fundamental in order to strategically implement control and prevention plans that can deal with this problematic. The present article aims to make a thorough review of the factors which are favoring the transmission of zoonotic agents by ticks, contextualizing the most important aspects that determine their prevalence, and the most relevant control and prevention measures.
Genetic variability of broodstocks of restocking programs in Brazil
Authors: Lopera-Barrero Nelson , Lima Ed , Filho Luiz , Goes Elenice , Castro Pedro , Zardin Aline , Poveda-Parra Angela , Ribeiro Ricardo
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Objective. The aim of this study was evaluate the genetic diversity of the following broodstocks: piapara (Leporinus elongatus), dourado (Salminus brasiliensis), jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) and cachara (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum) already useful for restocking programs in the Paranapanema, Iguaçu and Paraná Brazilian Rivers. Materials and methods. Samples from the caudal fin of 122 fish were analyzed. DNA was extracted by NaCl protocol. PCR products were separated by a horizontal agarose gel electrophoresis. The fragments were visualized by staining with ethidium bromide. Results. The amplification of 25 primers generated different fragments in studied species that allowed characterizing 440 fragments of 100-2900 bp. High percentage of polymorphic fragments (66.67 to 86.29), Shannon index (0.365 to 0.486) and genetic diversity of Nei (0.248 to 0.331) were detected. Conclusions. The level of genetic variability in the broodstocks was adequate for allowing their use in restocking programs in the studied Rivers. However, periodical monitoring studies of genetic variability in these stocks, the mating system, reproductive system and general management must be made to guarantee the preservation of wild populations.RESUMEN Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la diversidad genética de los siguientes lotes de reproductores: piapara (Leporinus elongatus), dourado (Salminus brasiliensis), jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) y cachara (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum) utilizados para programas de repoblación en los ríos brasileños Paranapanema, Iguaçu y Paraná. Materiales y métodos. Muestras de aleta caudal de 122 peces fueron analizadas. El ADN fue extraído por el protocolo de NaCl. Los productos de PCR fueron separados por electroforesis horizontal en gel de agarosa. Los fragmentos fueron visualizados por marcación con bromuro de etidio. Resultados. La amplificación de los 25 iniciadores produjo diferentes fragmentos en las especies estudiadas que permitieron caracterizar 440 fragmentos de 100 a 2900 pb. Fueron detectados un alto porcentaje de fragmentos polimórficos (66.67 a 86.29), de índice de Shannon (0.365 a 0.486) y de diversidad genética de Nei (0.248 a 0.331). Conclusiones. El nivel de variabilidad genética en los lotes de reproductores fue adecuado para su utilización en programas de repoblación en los ríos estudiados. Sin embargo, estudios de monitoreo periódico de la variabilidad genética en esos lotes, del sistema de cruzamiento, del sistema reproductivo y del manejo general deben ser realizados para garantizar la preservación de las populaciones naturales.
Efficacy of essence oil supplementation to feeds on volatile fatty acid production
Authors: Tekeli Ahmet , Yıldız Gültekin , Drochner Winfried , Steingass Herbert
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjective. Determine the effect of some plant extract supplementation to Total Mixed Ration (TMR), concentrate and hay on volatile fatty acid (VFA) production at 8 and 24 hours (h) using in vitro gas production technique in cattle. Material and methods. Three fistulated Holstein dairy cows were used for rumen fluid collection for application of in vitro gas production technique. Four essence oils (T. vulgaris, O. vulgare, S. aromaticum, Z. officinale) were used as plant extracts. Results. Essence oil supplementations to the examined feed groups had significant effect only on C2/C3 VFA level at 8 h in all feed groups (p<0.05). C2/C3 VFA level at 8 h significantly increased in the groups with Oregano 25 ppm supplementation for TMR and concentrate and in the groups with Thymol 25 ppm supplementation for hay. C3 VFA level at 8 h significantly increased in the group that received Syzygium 200 ppm supplementation for hay. Different plant extracts supplemented to TMR, concentrate and hay significantly affected C2, C3, IC4, IC5, C5 and C2/C3 VFA levels at 24 h (p<0.05). Conclusions. The findings of the study indicate that moderate doses of plant extracts result in increased VFA levels in ruminants while higher doses demonstrate the opposite effect.
Behavior of Murrah buffaloes under influence of strangers in the milk parlor during milk control
Authors: Vanderly Andrea Maria , Righetti Marcondes Cintia , Bagaldo Adriana , Nascimento de Oliveira Kaliane , De Oliveira-Strada Evani , Souza-Conde Emanoela , G. de Souza Sabrina Luzia
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Objective. The study was carried out in two farms, located in São Sebastião do Passé, Bahia, Brazil, during the three first months of lactation of 81 female buffaloes, to observe if stranger people at milk parlor could affect the milk production. Materials and methods. Four strangers were at the milking parlor during the milking time to observe the following parameters: Duration of Stay in the Milking Parlor; Milking Period; Rumination; Defecation; Urination Reactivity; Stress Level; Side Preference in the Milking Parlor ; Milk Yield, and Post Control Milk Yield. The females were categorized as 1=primiparous, 2=pluriparous, and 3=when information about calving number was not available. The data were analyzed using SAS Statistical Package. Results. During the presence of four strangers at the milking parlor, it was observed that the mean value for Duration of Stay in the Milking Parlor was 23 minutes (varying from 12 to 38 minutes). Average Milking Period was 8 minutes (varying from 4 to 13 minutes). Average Milk Yield during observation days (MY) varied from 2.30 kg to 14.70 kg, with an average value of 7.70±2.60 kg, while Mean Milk Yield after the observation days was 8.600±2.70 kg. Conclusions. As far as Post Control Milk Yield, since the animals presented increased milk yield in both farms on the days following the observations, it is possible to assert that the presence of strangers in the milk parlor during milk control reduced milk yield only during the day of observation, with no adverse effects on subsequent milk production.
Effects of Kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) age and different forage: concentrate ratios on methanogenesis
Authors: Ramírez John , Posada O Sandra , Noguera Ricardo
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Objective. To evaluate the effect of Kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) harvested at two different ages and three forage: concentrate supplement ratios (F/C) on methane (CH4) production, dry matter digestibility (DMD), and fermentation profile using the in vitro gas production technique. Materials and methods. six treatments, resulting from the combination of pasture age (30 or 60 days) and F/C (100/0, 75/25, or 50/50) were evaluated using a 2x3 factorial design. The response variables were measured 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after incubation. A repeated-measure over time design was used to analyze the data, and differences between means were determined with the LSMEANS procedure of SAS. Results. the youngest grass (30 days) was more digestible, produced less CH4 per gram of digestible dry matter (dDM) and more total volatile fatty acids (VFA) compared to the oldest grass (60 days; p <0.05). Reductions of the F/C ratio increased DMD and CH4 production per gram of dDM (p<0.05) but had no significant effect on VFA concentration (p>0.05). Conclusions. under in vitro conditions and pH close to neutrality, the older grass reduces DMD and increases CH4 production per gram of dDM, while a F/C reduction increases DMD and CH4 production per gram of dDM, which differs with reports conducted in vivo.
Estimation and comparison of conventional and genomic breeding values in Holstein cattle of Antioquia, Colombia
Authors: Zambrano A Juan , Rincón F Juan , López H Albeiro , Echeverri Z Julián
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Objetive. To estimate and compare breeding values (EBV) using the conventional method (BLUP) and genomic breeding values (MEBV and GEBV) estimated through bayes C method for milk yield and milk quality traits in dairy cattle in Antioquia, Colombia. Materials and methods. Two methods were used to estimate breeding values: BLUP to estimate conventional breeding value (EBV) and bayes C to estimate genomic values (MEBV and GEBV). The traits evaluated were: milk yield (PL), protein percentage (PPRO), fat percentage (PGRA) and score somatic cell (SCS). The methods (BLUP and bayes C) were compared using Person correlation (rp), Spearman rank correlation (rs) and linear regression coefficient (b). Results. The Pearson and Spearman correlations among EBVs and genomic values (MEBV and GEBV) (rpMEBV;EBV and rsGEBV;EBV) were greater than 0.93 and the linear regression coefficients of EBVs on genomic values (MEBV and GEBV) (bMEBV;EBV, and bGEBV;EBV) ranged between 0.954 and 1.051 in all traits evaluated. Conclusions. The predictions of genomic values (MEBV and GEBV), using bayes C method were consistent with the predictions of the EBVs estimate through the conventional method (BLUP) in conditions of high Colombian tropic, allowing to obtain high associations between the breeding values.
Genetic diversity detection of the domestic horse (Equus caballus) by genes associated with coat color
Authors: Correa A Luz , Reyes E Cindy , Pardo P Enrique , Cavadia M Teodora
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Objective. To assess the population structure and genetic diversity in populations of domestic horse (Equus caballus) in the municipality Cienaga de Oro-Córdoba (Colombia). Materials and methods. Random sampling were conducted between August and October 2013, in adult animals on farms seven districts, which was carried out phenotypic characterization of each animal, based on autosomal markers encoding morphological Extension (E) , Agouti (A), Cream (C), White (W), Gray (G), Tobiano (TO), Overo (O) and Roan (RN). Population genetic parameters: allele frequency, genetic diversity, gene flow, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and genetic distance were calculated through the program POPGENE 1.31; the genetic structure was assessed using the program FSTAT v. 2.9.3.2. Results. 341 individuals were analyzed in the seven populations studied, where the Extension gene Was the MOST faq frequently as the Overo and Tobiano genes showed the lowest values. Insignificant values of genetic variability and population recorded a global level, likewise, low genetic differentiation among populations, accompanied by a high gene flow was obtained; an excess of heterozygotes at population and global level was observed; to this is added the presence of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all populations relative to the markers studied and low genetic distance values were reported. Conclusions. The populations are highly genetically related, a situation that may result from the existing geographical proximity between them, favoring genetic exchange and the establishment of a metapopulation.
Sows’ parity and coconut oil postnatal supplement on piglets performance
Authors: Santos Luan S , Caldara Fabiana R , Machado Sivanilza T , Nääs Irenilza A , Foppa Luciana , Garcia Rodrigo G , Moura Rafael , Machado Simone P
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of sows’ of different parities and the supplement of coconut oil for piglets, on the development of litter. Materials and methods. A total of 51 sows of different parities and their 642 piglets were used in the trial. Each piglet was weighed and identified at birth in a sequential order. They were randomly distributed in two treatments (CG=control group and TG=test group). TG piglets had the first access to a dosage of 3.0 ml of coconut oil 12 hours after birth, and the second at 36 h after the first. Piglets were weighed at 21 days. In order to analyze the effect of the coconut oil supplement as a function of the weight at birth, piglets were grouped according to their weight (0.600 to 0.900 kg; 1.000 to 1.499kg; 1.500 to 1.999 kg; and 2.000 to 2.499 kg). Results. Sows parity affected the number and weight of born piglets. Sows in 4th, 5th and 7th parity had a larger litter than those from the 2nd parity. Sows from 2nd and 3rd parity had a lower number of piglets but heavier litter. No effect of the coconut oil supplement on neonatal piglets’ performance was found. Conclusions. The coconut meal was neither beneficial to neonatal piglets nor to those with low weight at birth, which usually present low body energy.RESUMENObjetivo. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto del número de partos y el suplemento de aceite de coco en lechones recien nacidos. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron 51 cerdas de diferentes partos y sus 642 lechones. Cada lechón se pesó y se identificó al nacer en orden secuencial. Fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos grupos (CG = control y TG=tratamiento). Lechones TG tenían el primer acceso a una dosis de 3.0 ml de aceite de coco 12 horas después del nacimiento, y el segunda a las 36 h después de la primera. Los lechones fueron pesados a los 21 días. Con el fin de analizar el efecto de los suplementos de aceite de coco con relación al peso al nacer. Los lechones fueron agrupados de acuerdo con su peso (0.600 a 0.900 kg; 1.000 a 1.499 kg; 1.500 a 1.999 kg y 2.000 a 2.499 kg). Resultados. El número de partos afectó el peso y el número de lechones nacidos. Cerdas en cuarto, quinto y séptimo parto, tuvieron una camada mayor que las de segundo parto. Las cerdasde segundo y tercer parto tuvieron menor número de lechones y con peso mayor. No se encontró efectodel suplemento de aceite de coco en el desarrollo de los lechones recién nacidos. Conclusiones. Loaceite de coco no es favorable para los lechones recién nacidos, tampoco para aquellos con el bajopeso al nacer, que normalmente presentan la energía corporal baja.
Interpretation of doxycycline+chloroquine dual therapy for A. phagocytophilum infection in dogs
Authors: Ural Kerem
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjective. A. phagocytophilum, an obligate intracellular pathogen, is a well-known agent causing granulocytic infections in both animals and humans. The purpose of the present study was to describe clinical course and consequences of Canine Granulocyctic Anaplasmosis among dogs in Aydin province, Turkey with special reference to hematological alterations and possible interpretations of doxycycline+chloroquine dual therapy. Materials and methods. A controlled clinical trial was carried out on 14 dogs referred and diagnosed as Canine Granulocyctic Anaplasmosis within Snap 4dx test. Relevant haematological data were recorded before (day 0) and after treatment (day 30) in both groups. Group I (n=7) were adminestered doxycycline (10 mg/kg q 12 h via oral route for 14 days) and chloroquine (2.5 mg/kg q 12 h for 14 days) and group II (n=7) received only doxycycline (10 mg/kg q 12 h for 14 days via oral route) therapy. Results. Doxycycline treatment hasten resolution of clinical signs in all dogs in about 2 to 7 days. There was no statistically significant differences among hematological variances detected (p>0.05). Conclusions. It may suggest that in conjunction with doxycycline chloroquine may have helped to speed up relevant clinical signs of CGA.RESUMENObjetivo. A. phagocytophilum, un patógeno intracelular obligado, es un agente ampliamente conocido que causa infecciones granulocíticas tanto en animales como en humanos. El propósito del presente estudio fue describir la evolución clínica y las consecuencias de la Anaplasmosis Granulocítica Canina en perros de la provincia de Aydin, Turquía, con especial referencia a las alteraciones hematológicas y a las posibles interpretaciones de una terapia dual de doxicilina+cloroquina. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio clínico controlado en 14 perros remitidos y diagnosticados con Anaplasmosis Granulocítica Canina usando de una prueba Snap 4dx. Se registraron datos hematológicos pertinentes antes (día 0) y después del tratamiento (día 30) en ambos grupos. Al Grupo I (n=7) se le administró doxicilina (10 mg/kg q 12 h por vía oral durante 14 días) y cloroquina (2.5 mg/kg q 12 h durante 14 días), mientras que el Grupo II (n=7) recibió una terapia únicamente con doxicilina (10 mg/kg q 12 h por vía oral durante 14 días). Resultados. La doxicilina aceleró la resolución de los signos clínicos en todos los perros en un periodo de aproximadamente 2 a 7 días. No se detectaron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre las variaciones hematológicas (p>0.05). Conclusiones. Lo anterior puede sugerir que, conjuntamente con la doxicilina, la cloroquina puede haber ayudado a acelerar los signos clínicos pertinentes de la Anaplasmosis Granulocítica Canina (AGC).
Profile of canine patient with esophageal foreign bodies
Authors: Rodríguez-Alarcón Carlos , Beristain R Diana , Rivera B Ramón , Pérez M Eva , Usón C Jesús
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjective. Determine the profile of the canine patient with esophageal foreign bodies to identify risk factors associated with the foreign bodies. Materials and Methods. This is a retrospective study made by the Veterinary Hospital Clinic of the Universidad de Extremadura (VHC). Different factors were analyzed in dogs with an endoscopic diagnosis of esophageal foreign bodies. Results. This pathology was more commonly found in young adult dogs and in small breeds. This pathology was present for the first time in the Portuguese Warren Hound, which was also the breed with the highest risk. Conclusions. The results obtained in this investigation are in agreement with the previous description of a patient that presents esophageal foreign bodies. Also, the Portuguese Warren Hound was found to be predisposed to this problem, with a higher risk factor than other breeds previously mentioned in the literature. To prevent esophageal foreign bodies, dogs should be fed raw meat and bones, especially small breeds. This pathology should always be kept in mind in dogs with esophagitis symptomology regardless of age, although it is most common in young adult dogs.RESUMENObjetivo. Determinar el perfil del paciente canino que presenta cuerpos extraños esofágicos para identificar las características de riesgo al presentar esta entidad. Materiales y métodos. Este es un estudio retrospectivo realizado en el Hospital Clínico Veterinario de la Universidad de Extremadura (HCV). Se analizaron diferentes parámetros de los perros que presentaron un diagnóstico endoscópico de cuerpos extraños esofágicos. Resultados. Esta patología se presentó más comúnmente en perros adultos jóvenes y en pacientes de raza pequeña. Se presenta por primera vez al Podenco Portugués, el cual además representó la raza con mayor factor de riesgo. Conclusiones. Los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación concuerdan con lo descrito anteriormente en cuanto a las características del paciente con cuerpo extraño esofágico. Asimismo, se reporta el Podenco Portugués como predispuesto a esta entidad, con un factor de riesgo mayor al de otras razas anteriormente mencionadas en la literatura. Para prevenir los cuerpos extraños esofágicos, se debe alimentar con carne cruda y huesos a los perros, especialmente a los de raza pequeña. Siempre se debe tener en cuenta está patología en los perros con sintomatología de enfermedad esofágica sin importar su edad, pues su presentación es más común en perros adultos jóvenes.
Use of ground and extruded canola seeds in feed for 15-30 kg piglets
Authors: Scherer Carina , Furlan Antonio , Moreira Ivan , Poveda P Angela , Carvalho Paulo , Toledo Juliana
Published: July 2017

Objective. Determine the nutritional values of ground (SCI) or extruded (SCE) canola seed and evaluate its use in the performance of piglets from 15 to 30 kg. Materials and methods. Two experimental diets with canola seed were evaluated in a digestibility trial. We used 15 barrows with an initial weight of 19.79±1.43kg, distributed in a completely randomized design. In the performance, four experimental diets were evaluated consisting of a diet with soybean oil added (RAS), one with the of addition of canola oil (RAC) and two oil-free; one with 11% SCI included and one with 6% SCE (RSCE) included. 40 commercial hybrid piglets were used that had 15.25±1.5kg initial body weight, randomly distributed, in four treatments and five replicates; two animals per experimental unit. Results. The digestible energy values for SCI and SCE were 4.197 kcal/kg and 5.234 kcal/kg, respectively. The extrusion process improved the digestibility coefficients. Piglets fed with RSCI showed less daily weight gain (DWG) and F:G ratio. Conclusion. Results suggest that SCE can be included in diets of piglets from 15 to 30 kg until 6% without negatively affecting performance.Key words: Animal performance, anti-nutritional factors, digestibility, economic viability (Source: AGROVOC).
Random regression models for milk, fat and protein in Colombian Buffaloes
Authors: Hurtado-Lugo Naudin , Tonhati Humberto , Aspilcuelta-Borquis Raul , Enríquez-Valencia Cruz , Cerón-Muñoz Mario
Published: July 2017

Objective. Covariance functions for additive genetic and permanent environmental effects and, subsequently, genetic parameters for test-day milk (MY), fat (FY) protein (PY) yields and mozzarella cheese (MP) in buffaloes from Colombia were estimate by using Random regression models (RRM) with Legendre polynomials (LP). Materials and Methods. Test-day records of MY, FY, PY and MP from 1884 first lactations of buffalo cows from 228 sires were analyzed. The animals belonged to 14 herds in Colombia between 1995 and 2011. Ten monthly classes of days in milk were considered for test-day yields. The contemporary groups were defined as herd-year-month of milk test-day. Random additive genetic, permanent environmental and residual effects were included in the model. Fixed effects included the contemporary group, linear and quadratic effects of age at calving, and the average lactation curve of the population, which was modeled by third-order LP. Random additive genetic and permanent environmental effects were estimated by RRM using third- to- sixth-order LP. Residual variances were modeled using homogeneous and heterogeneous structures. Results. The heritabilities for MY, FY, PY and MP ranged from 0.38 to 0.05, 0.67 to 0.11, 0.50 to 0.07 and 0.50 to 0.11, respectively. Conclusions. In general, the RRM are adequate to describe the genetic variation in test-day of MY, FY, PY and MP in Colombian buffaloes.Key words: Cattle, genetics, zootechnics (Source: EuroVoc).
Establishing an in vitro production program for buffalo embryos (Bubalus bubalis) in Colombia
Authors: Gamarra P Felipe , Rendón V Viviana , Chávez R Aldemar , Perez S Leonardo , Cardona-Maya Walter , Berdugo G Jesús
Published: July 2017

Objective. Evaluate the results of the standardization of the in vitro production program of buffalo embryos, using oocytes obtained by ultrasound guided oocyte puncture during the 2012 breeding season in Colombia. Materials and methods. Fifty seven buffalo females were selected for ultrasound guided transvaginal aspiration of follicles, oocytes were identified within follicular fluid, classified and transported to the laboratory and matured in vitro for 18 to 20 hours. Frozen semen of seven Mediterranean bulls were used, motile sperm was obtained using the Percoll technique and oocytes were inseminated with 2 million sperm/ml. Presumptive zygotes were cultured for 6 days, grade 1 embryos obtained were frozen using ethylene glycol. Embryos were transferred to females on day 5 during natural cycle. Results. 97 aspirations were performed on the 57 animals, in 8.2% of the aspirations no oocytes were found. 8 oocytes/aspiration were obtained. Of the 783 oocytes, 92% were classified as viable (721/783) and were fertilized. The cleavage and blastocyst rate were 23% and 19% respectively. 37 embryos were transferred and 11 pregnancies were obtained, confirmed by rectal palpation 60 days after transfer, with a pregnancy rate of 29.7%. Conclusions. The results presented here are comparable with others in literature and shows the feasibility of producing in vitro embryos and pregnancies after the standardization of current protocols, with normal and sexed semen and transfer during natural cycle in buffalo.Key words: Buffaloes, embryo, fertilization in vitro, reproduction (Source: MeSH).
A new species of Schizopera (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Miraciidae) from Colombia
Authors: Fuentes-Reinés Juan M , Gómez Samuel
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjective. The present contribution aims at the description of a new species of the genus Schizopera. Materials and methods. Water samples were collected in littoral areas with mangrove and macrophytes, and in the limnetic zone. Twenty five liters of water were taken. Water samples were filtered with a zooplankton net (45μm) and preserved in 70% ethanol. The filtered samples were concentrated to 100 ml and examined in a Bogorov camera. Copepods were separated. Observations and drawings of S. evelynae sp. nov. were made at a magnification of 1000X. Results. Schizopera evelynae sp. nov. seems to be closely related to S. giselae Jiménez -Álvarez 1988 and to S. pratensis Noodt 1958 based on the armature formula of P1-P4, but can be separated from these two species based on the relative length of P1ENP, length/width ratio of P1ENP2, relative length of the outer proximal and distal spines on P4EXP3, shape of the exopod and relative length of the exopodal setae of the female P5, shape and length/width ratio of the male P2ENP2, and male P5 baseoendopodal lobe:exopod length ratio. A key to the species of Schizopera from America is given. Conclusion. A new species of the genus Schizopera is described. The Colombian material shares most characters with S. giselae and S. pratensis.