bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecos dissonantes no atlântico
Authors: Machado Mota Bento
Published: November 2020

Este artigo pretende lançar luz sobre as ideias antiescravistas de missionários capuchinhos em fins do século XVII a partir do livro La Justa defesa (1681), do capuchinho francês Epifanio Moirans. Trata-se de um registro incomum, no qual diversos argumentos contra a escravidão são abordados, por um lado, à luz de justificativas jurídicas relativas ao tráfico negreiro vindas de Roma e de teólogos europeus e, por outro, por meio dos relatos missionários católicos da América do sul.  Assim, a partir de Moirans pretende-se inserir o movimento antiescravista dos capuchinhos seiscentistas ao longo do pensamento teológico atlântico sobre escravidão.
Cães danados, porcos vadios e formigas excomungadas
Authors: Ribeiro Patricia
Published: November 2020

Ao longo da Época Moderna a noção de lei, enquanto conjunto de normas a serem seguidas com o objetivo de assegurar a ordem, não estava fixada em um único estatuto ou sistema normativo, o que foi particularmente importante na gênese de um direito colonial. As diversas leis emanadas desse pluralismo jurídico moderno serviam a ajustar as condutas de homens e também animais, tanto nos reinos europeus quanto nas conquistas no ultramar. É tendo como pano de fundo os vários dispositivos legais que se referiam a animais, que neste artigo procuraremos compreender os conflitos advindos das relações entre humanos e bichos no império português entre os séculos XVI e XIX.
Um relato sobre a Restauração de 1640 no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Lixa Victor Neves Lucas
Published: November 2020

A proposta do presente artigo é oferecer uma reflexão acerca da demonstração de lealdade de Salvador Correia de Sá e Benevides (1602-1688), governador do Rio de Janeiro, ao monarca português que ascendeu ao trono no esteio da Restauração de 1640. Partindo de uma discussão sobre a trajetória de Portugal no escopo da União Ibérica (1580-1640) e da Restauração de 1640, o artigo buscará discutir, através de um relato sobre a aclamação de d. João IV no Rio de Janeiro, a importância de se propagandear méritos de determinados sujeitos em um momento de quebra de regime em Portugal.
Notas sobre contribuições da perspectiva Atlântica para a historiografia brasileira do pós-abolição
Authors: Fernandes de Souza Cleudiza
Published: November 2020

A proposta deste trabalho é fazer algumas reflexões acerca de possíveis contribuições da perspectiva da História Atlântica para a historiografia atual do pós-emancipação no Brasil, numa visão continuada. Para tal, serão levantados alguns questionamentos, bem como um levantamento bibliográfico de obras que tratem da questão das trocas atlânticas, comparações e seus desdobramentos. O artigo permeará indagações acerca dos desafios da contemporaneidade em unir as duas abordagens historiográficas e o debate de possíveis caminhos para o encontro das duas perspectivas, campos esses que podem ganhar significativamente a partir desse cruzamento teórico.
As representações negativas acerca da figura feminina na antiguidade greco-romana e nos discursos dos cristianismos dos primeiros séculos e medieval
Authors: Gatt Pablo
Published: November 2020

O corpo durante toda a história da humanidade foi objeto de inúmeras pesquisas, sejam elas históricas, filosóficas ou antropológicas. Esse corpo, nunca visto de forma homogênea, foi no decorrer da Idade Média, ao mesmo tempo, instrumento para a salvação da alma e um mecanismo para a prática do pecado pela satisfação dos desejos da carne, sendo representado de diversos modos nas iluminuras medievais. Nesse sentido, o artigo em questão tem como objetivo analisar a trajetória das representações acerca do corpo, principalmente o corpo feminino visto como herdeiro direto de Eva, cunhadas pelas filosofias pagãs, pelos discursos da Igreja cristã dos primeiros séculos, findando nos discursos medievais, visto que o mesmo esteve dividido por uma linha tênue.
Açúcar brasileiro na África Portuguesa
Authors: Antonio Ferreira Frederico
Published: November 2020

O artigo busca analisar o episódio de dois grupos de luso-brasileiros que migraram, com a ajuda do governo português, da cidade de Recife para a região sul de Angola em 1849. Dentro do novo modelo colonial implantado pelo governo português na África eles tentaram estabelecem um sistema de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar baseado na grande propriedade e na força de trabalho escrava de forma muito similar à que ocorria no Nordeste do Brasil. Tal episódio mostra tanto as interações políticas, econômicas e sociais entre o novo modelo colonial português e o Brasil Império e as diferentes formas de interações existentes entre Brasil, África e Portugal na metade do século XIX.
The Fourth Fundamental Form of the Torus Hypersurface
Authors: Güler Erhan
Published: November 2020

We introduce the fourth fundamental form of the torus hypersurface in the four dimensional Euclidean space. We also compute I, II, III and IV fundamental forms of a torus hypersurface.
Religious Conflict in Terms of Martin Heidegger's Philosophy of Existentialism
Authors: Pramono Adi Tri
Published: November 2020

This paper aims to provide an overview of the process and construction of religious conflict, including genealogy, forms, and analysis of religious conflict causes. Further, this research also provides an in-depth analysis of religious conflicts from Martin Heidegger's existentialist philosophy. The methodology employed in this paper is hermeneutics. The research result indicates that the root of religious conflict is fear in facing increasingly modern life. The existence of this fear reduces the presence of the possibility. In the context of Martin Heidegger's existentialist philosophy, the experience is a process of being as Dasein to exist. Therefore religious conflict tends to be taken as a priority decision due to the lack of awareness of existential possibilities. The paper contributes to society in the sense that education must be accessible without any obstacles because, through knowledge, a broader perspective can be obtained since the right to education must be placed prior the right to exist.
Teacher Performance-Based Incentives and Learning Inequality
Authors: Filmer Deon , Habyarimana James , Sabarwal Shwetlena
Published: November 2020

This study evaluates the impacts of low-cost, performance-based incentives in Tanzanian secondary schools. Results from a two-phase randomized trial show that incentives for teachers led to modest average improvements in student achievement across different subjects. Further, withdrawing incentives did not lead to a “discouragement effect” (once incentives were withdrawn, student performance did not fall below pre-baseline levels). Rather, impacts on learning were sustained beyond the intervention period. However, these incentives may have exacerbated learning inequality within and across schools. Increases in learning were concentrated among initially better-performing schools and students. At the same time, learning outcomes may have decreased for schools and students that were lower performing at baseline. Finally, the study finds that incentivizing students without simultaneously incentivizing teachers did not produce observable learning gains.
Formulación y aplicación de políticas para la industria: un estudio acerca de los atributos de capacidad estatal en la Subsecretaria de Industria de la Nación (2009-2015)
Authors:   , Franco Hugo Marcelo
Published: November 2020

Esta tesis aborda el concepto de capacidad estatal en el nivel organizacional a partir de examinar diversos elementos administrativos y políticos presentes en las áreas de gestión del Régimen de Incentivo a los Fabricantes Locales de Bienes de Capital y del Régimen de Promoción y Regulación de la Industria Automotriz, para el análisis de las capacidades estatales en la SUBSECRETARIA DE INDUSTRIA de la Nación. Como punto de partida se sostiene que es posible desagregar la capacidad estatal en indicadores que puedan demostrar su mayor o menor presencia, utilizando a tal efecto el Plan Estratégico Industrial (PEI) 2020 como el proyecto de gobierno y la estructura organizativa, de recursos humanos y presupuesto público correspondiente al Programa 56 - “Formulación y Aplicación de Políticas para la Industria” durante los años 2009-2015. Los datos se recolectaron a partir de la utilización de encuestas a los agentes públicos que cumplían funciones en los regímenes señalados y a ex funcionarios. Asimismo, se utilizó el análisis documental como técnica de recolección y análisis de información a partir de fuentes secundarias como declaraciones de prensa, discursos y documentación institucional. No se han visto evidencias concretas acerca de la implementación efectiva de una política pública surgida del PEI 2020. Se identificó que la misión del organismo fue imprecisa, el liderazgo prefirió el statu quo y se resistió a las ideas internas y externas con respecto a los cambios en la organización, la supervisión y evaluación por parte de los directivos resultó escasa o inexistente. Se destacó también el escaso acceso a la orientación y la capacitación y la inexistencia de canales formales de comunicación junto con la falta de equipamiento. No se logró verificar la correspondencia entre el proceso de planificación de las políticas industriales relevadas y el diseño de la política presupuestaria. Como conclusión se sostiene que durante los años apuntados las manifestaciones de capacidades estatales en los regímenes de incentivo a los fabricantes de bienes de capital y de promoción y regulación de la industria automotriz expresan una deficiente capacidad estatal.
Strategi Penguatan Kinerja Manajemen UKM di Serang Banten
Authors: Mardiatmi Bernadin Dwi , Pinem Dahlia
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi dari penurunan realisasi omzet penjualan Di Kabupaten Serang, Banten Jawa barat. akibat dari persaingan ketat, upaya perbaikan kinerja pemasaran harus segera dilakukan. Kinerja UKM dapat ditingkatkan dengan melalui peran aktif dan kolaborasi Triple Helix (pemerintah, akademisi dan pebisnis) dengan peran yang berbeda dan saling mendukung akan mampu mamacu peningkatan kinerja UKM, pemerintah sebagai fasilitator kebijakan, akademisi memberikan edukasi strategi marketing, keuangan dan pebisnis memediasi pemasaran dengan implementasi strategi “marketing mix (product, price, place, promotion)”. Tujuan “penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan kinerja pemasaran”. “Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa variabel marketing mix berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pemasaran, sedangkan variabel triple helix tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pemasaran”.
PENGARUH CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS DENGAN MEDIASI LEVERAGE PADA PERUSAHAAN BUMN DALAM BEI
Authors: Sabatanta Boyke Daniel , Simbolon Richard F
Published: November 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh corporate governance terhadap profitabilitas  menggunakan leverage sebagai variabel mediasi. Sampel sebanyak 20 perusahaan BUMN yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2017-2018 sehingga diperoleh sebanyak 40 observasi. Teknis analisis menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa corporate governance secara signifikan berpengaruh terhadap leverage dan profitabilitas. Lebih lanjut dibuktikan bahwa leverage secara signifikan mempengaruhi profitabilitas. Leverage secara meyakinkan terbukti memediasi pengaruh corporate governance terhadap profitabilitas
LOKASI USAHA DAN FASILITAS PELAYANAN SEBAGAI DETERMINAN KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN
Authors: Lestari Suci Putri , Sutrisna Arga , Mafazi Muhammad
Published: November 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh lokasi bisnis dan fasilitas terhadap keputusan konsumen hotel. Penelitian ini melibatkan 100 responden sebagai sampel yang merupakan pengguna jasa hotel. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan regresi berganda.  Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa akses dan visibilitas berkontribusi signifikan sebagai indikator lokasi bisnis yang strategis. Arsitektur penempatan fasilitas, interior, kelengkapan fasilitas dan sirkulasi udara merupakan indikator penting dari variabel fasilitas pelayanan. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa lokasi usaha dan fasilitas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian
Current Status of Populations of Delphinium L. (Ranunculaceae, Magnoliópsida) Species in the Lower-Volga Region and Adjacent Territories
Authors: Bogoslov A. V. , Shilova I. V. , Parkhomenko A. S. , Kritskaya T. A. , Grebenyuk L. V. , Kashin A. S.
Published: November 2020

30 populations of six Delphinium L. taxa (D. pubiflorum, D. litwinowii, D. duhmbergii, D. subcuneatum, D. sergii, and D. puniceum) were studied in the Ulyanovsk, Saratov, Samara, Volgograd, Astrakhan, Voronezh, Rostov, Penza and Tambov regions as well as in the Republics of Kalmykia and Mordovia in order to reveal features of their ontogenetic and vitality structures. Throughout the years of observation, the vitality of the populations of all studied species varied within rather wide ranges; individuals of medium or low vitality predominated in most populations. Also, the index of vitality of coenopopulation (IVC) varied in the populations of the same species. In over 50% of the populations, IVC was below 1. The indices of size plasticity of the species presented were rather low. The ratio of ontogenetic groups also varied substantially both among the species and among the populations of the same species. However, in most populations, generative individuals predominated; less often pre-generative or post-generative ones prevailed. According to the delta-omega criterion, most populations are mature with the only exception of D. puniceum populations being maturing at the time of observation. According to the recovery index, only few populations were capable of natural self-sustenance. Based on the results of our monitoring, it was concluded that both the number and abundance of populations of the taxa of the genus in the studied area have been dramatically decreasing in recent decades, all of them are in critical condition. This requires rigorous measures to preserve and restore the population of Delphinium species in the studied area. Without additional measures, most of the populations are doomed and can be eliminated in the near future.
An Analysis of Musical Teachers Abilities in Implementing the Authentic Assessment at SMK 7 Padang Indonesia
Authors:   Postgraduate of Padang State University, Indonesia., Irwan  , Anwar Syafri ,   Science Educational Faculty, Padang State University, Indonesia., Atmazaki  ,   Language and Arts Faculty, Padang State University, Indonesia., Efi Agusti ,   Tourism and Hospitality Faculty, Padang State University, Indonesia.
Published: November 2020

This study aims to analyze the ability of music teachers in the authentic assessment at SMK 7 Padang. The methodology used in this research was descriptive by conducting interviews and giving questionnaires to music art teachers who became the sample of this study were 10 teachers. Data were analyzed with qualitative and analysis of questionnaire data with percentage values. The results showed that the ability of teachers in preparing the authentic assessment was 69%, the implementation of the authentic assessment was 62.50%, and feedback was 50%. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the teacher has not fully carried out the authentic assessment major principles. Sadly, it was found that there were teachers who carried out the assessments based on their impulsive feeling (intuition).
Regional Trends in Financing and Growth of Indian MSMEs
Authors:   Post Graduate in Commerce and MBA in Finance., Mohapatra Ms. Smita
Published: November 2020

The Indian MSME Sector is the major contributor to the national economy providing it resilience to ward off global economic stress and adversities. With around 60 million units of MSME across India, they promote entrepreneurship and boost employment on a large scale. But since Independence, the Small-Scale Industries didn’t get much attention by the Central Government or State Governments. It took almost five decades for the Govt. of India to realize the potential of MSMEs in economic development of the country. The MSMED Act was passed in Parliament in 2006 to enable vibrant growth of Indian MSMEs and separate Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises was created. The Reserve Bank of India has acted swiftly to improve the flow of credit to the MSME sector. Banks and NBFCs have come together in a great way to boost formal credit to MSMEs with all such loans qualifying for Priority Sector Lending classification. But still the growth of the MSME sector has not been uniform across different regions of the country. In this paper, we will try to analyze the regional trends in the financing and growth of MSMEs in India. Secondary data available from various Govt. sources are utilized to draw some conclusions regarding the current growth trends of the MSME units. Chi-square tests and correlation analysis are used to quantify the performance parameters of MSMEs. The paper brings out the figures pertaining to growth of MSMEs across rural and urban India. It concludes by emphasizing the need for enhanced growth opportunities for the MSME sector in low-performance states.
Servant Leadership Model of Principal in Junior High Schools
Authors:   Doctoral Program of Education Science, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia., Irwan Novi , Ganefri  ,   Universitas Negeri Padang Indonesia., Marsidin Sufyarma ,   Universitas Negeri Padang Indonesia.
Published: November 2020

Servant leadership has been widely applied in various fields, both in educational organizations or companies and reveals that servant leadership is a leadership style that is relevant and suitable for the development of a leadership style in the 21st century where a principal leader must be able to serve the needs of teachers, education staff, and students in accordance with the demands of the development of science and technology which are very dynamic. This research aims to develop a valid, practical, and effective servant leadership model of school principals in Junior High Schools. This research is an R & D research by using the ADDIE model, namely analyze, design, development, implementation, and evaluation that is carried out in junior high schools in Agam Regency. Data collection techniques used instrument sheets, questionnaires, and documentation. Data were analyzed by using qualitative and quantitative analysis. The servant leadership model validation is determined based on expert responses. The practicality of the servant leadership model is determined based on the response of experts and school principals to the practicality of this model. The effectiveness of the servant leadership model is determined by the results of the expanded trial by the principal in Agam regency. The results of this research, it is obtained a principal servant leadership by producing products in the form of model books and school principal manuals that are valid, practical, and effective to use. The principal to improve leadership qualities namely can use the findings in this research, models of servant leadership are humanists, touches the heart in unity work logic, and actions that led to the creation of the atmosphere of the work.
Penerapan Efektivitas Mesin Debarker Menggunakan Overall Equipment Effectiveness (Studi pada PT. Tri Tunggal Laksana Unit Blitar)
Authors: Dwi Cahyono Sigit , Handoko Fourry , Budiharti Nelly
Published: November 2020

Total Productive Maintenance atau TPM adalah salah satu metode proses maintenance yang dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan produktifitas di area kerja, dengan cara membuat proses tersebut lebih reliable dan lebih sedikit terjadi pemborosan (waste). PT. Tri Tunggal Laksana menggunakan mesin debarker sebagai alat pemotong dan pengupas kulit kayu dalam memproduksi veneer. Selama periode produksi, mesin sering mengalami downtime sehingga mengganggu proses kerja produksi. Untuk itulah perusahaan perlu melakukan evaluasi atas mesin yang digunakan sehingga penerapan Total Productive Maintenance dapat dilaksanakan optimal demi meningkatkan efektivitas mesin produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai efektivitas mesin debarker menggunakan metode Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE). Hasilnya, semua faktor yang mempengaruhi nilai OEE berada dibawah standar dunia. Nilai availability ratio (89,78 % < 90,00%), performance ratio (87,97% < 95,00%), dan nilai quality ratio (91,43% < 99,90%). Nilai OEE mesin debarker sebesar 72,1% yang berarti masih berada di bawah world class standart yaitu sebesar 85%. Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai performance rate yang rendah dipengaruhi oleh adanya komponen–komponen mesin yang kritis dan sering mengalami gangguan. Melalui Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) diketahui bahwa komponen rantai conveyor dan mata pisau memiliki nilai Risk Priority Number (RPN) tertinggi sehingga komponen ini yang harus diutamakan dalam upaya meningkatkan efektivitas produksi.
CLINICAL PROFILE OF HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN WITH FEBRILE SEIZURES
Authors: Harish Javeri Aarti , Sundari Sundari
Published: November 2020

Objective: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the clinical profile, investigations, course in hospital and outcome of children admitted with febrile seizures.
Methods: 70 children with febrile seizures were taken as study subjects. The study was conducted over six months, from June 2018 to November 2018. Clinical, laboratory, EEG, and neuroimaging data were evaluated.
Results: The children’s ages ranged between 7-70 months (mean 20, SD 14), and 58.5% were males. Majority of the hospitalized children (60 out of 70) had complex febrile seizures (55%), were dull looking (24.5%), suffered from status (17.5%), or positive meningeal irritation signs (4%). Electrolyte abnormalities were uncommon (10%), however, complete blood count was found to be abnormal in 45%, which increased the likelihood of receiving intravenous antibiotics (p=0.01). Lumbar puncture was performed in those who demonstrated signs of meningeal irritation or those who were younger than 2 years of age. MRI Brain was performed in 15.71% and EEG in 35.71%. Obtaining an EEG was less likely if the seizures were typical (13% versus 50% in atypical, p=0.002). Duration of hospitalization ranged between 1-14 days (mean 4.7, SD 3.2), and only one child had meningitis, which was predicted clinically.
Conclusions: Those children who were admitted frequently had complex febrile seizures, status epilepticus, or were ill looking. Simple febrile seizures are generally investigated selectively. However, it was observed that the yield of investigations remains low and does not justify extensive work-up or prolonged hospitalization.
A STUDY OF SURGICALAPPROACH TO TYPHOID ILEAL PERFORATION
Authors: Karn Sitesh Kumar , Ajai Ramesh Kumar , Jana Debarshi
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Even with variety of procedures, typhoid (enteric) perforation still has a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The aim ofthe present study is to study clinical presentations, to evaluate management pattern of typhoid ileal perforation, to determine mortality and morbidity of perforation and to study the re-exploration rate and causes of re-exploration and its effect on mortality and morbidity.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Surgery at Nalanda Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar during May 2019toApril 2020. A total 45 patients with typhoid ileal perforation were included in the study. Among them, 32 cases (71%) undergone the simple primary closure of the perforation and peritoneal lavage after refreshing the edge, 7 cases (16%) undergone exploratory laparotomy with proximal loop ileostomy with primary closure and 6 (13%) were operated by exploratory laparotomy with resection anastomosis.
Results: Mean duration of the stay for patient undergone PC+PL was 10.20 days and for ileostomy it was 18.4 days and for RA + PL it was18.6 days. Total 37 incidences of complications were found in 45 cases. Among them wound infection was presented in 16 (43%) and burst abdomen presented in 2 (5%) cases. Fecal fistulae, post-operative collection and pneumonitis were present in 4 (11%) cases each.
Conclusion: The overall mortality was found nearly 4 percent in our study. The typhoid ileal perforation should be always treatedsurgically. There are many operative techniques to deal with but no one is full proof.
NEUTROPHIL TO LYMPHOCYTE RATIO, A NOVEL BEDSIDE PREDICTOR OF ENDOSCOPIC DAMAGE IN CORROSIVE GI INJURIES
Authors: Mathews Noble Varghese , Premkumar K. , Ramamoorthy Murali , Chezhian A. , Venkateswaran A. R. , Shubha I.
Published: November 2020

AIM- To determine an association between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and severity of endoscopic injury.

MATERIALS AND METHODS- A cross-sectional study of 153 adult patients admitted to Madras medical college, following history of caustic ingestion during a 6-month period. The association between NLR within 24 hours of ingestion and endoscopic injury based on Zargar classification was studied. The association between NLR and endoscopic findings were studied.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION- Of the 153 patients studied, 117 had mucosal injuries and 36 normal. 54 of the 117 patients had multi-regional injury and 63 had single regional injuries. Of which, by Zargar classification, Grade I- 57, Grade II- 35 and Grade III-25 patients. Mean NLR of the sample was 3.4. AUC > 80% was noted for NLR cut-offs across all comparison groups namely, High vs lower grades (NLR≥4.32, AUC:0.978, 95% CI 0.95-1.0, p<0.001), a similar Turkish study by Uyar et al had a cut off of 8.7, however the sample size was smaller with only ten patients having poorer graded injuries. The NLR cut-offs of Injured vs non-injured (NLR≥1.49, AUC:0.845, 95% CI 0.78-0.91, p<0.001) and Single vs multi-regional injuries (NLR≥2.27, AUC:0.86, 95% CI 0.80-0.93, p<0.001), were comparable to the previous study.

CONCLUSION- Higher NLR values predicted severe and multi-regional injuries. It helped to distinguish between mild and severe injuries, thereby serving as an inexpensive, non-invasive and bedside tool to predict and grade corrosive injuries for patients awaiting or inaccessible to immediate endoscopic evaluation and plan further care.
Novel and Efficient Exact Approaches to Solve the Minimum Vertex Cover Problem
Authors: HUANG HONG
Published: November 2020

We propose the approaches that using the neighbour relation of nodes in the graph to solve the minimum vertex cover problem.
Agriculture historical steps towards Sustainable Precision Agriculture
Authors: Vieri Marco , Sarri Daniele , Lombardo Stefania , Rimediotti Marco , Lisci Riccardo , De Pascale Valentina , Salvini Eleonora , Perna Carolina , Pagliai Andrea
Published: November 2020

The term precision agriculture were introduced into scientific literature by Jhon Schueller in the 1991 Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) in Chicago: “the continuous advantages in automation hardware and software technology have made possible what is variously knows as spatially-variable, or site specific crop production”.

The concept of sustainable development was introduced in 1987 in the Bruntland Report and the term “sustainable agriculture” was defined in the 5th European Environmental action programme: Towards sustainability. In Agenda 2000, 5 main objectives founded Common Agricultura Policies toward 2020: competitiveness; food safety and quality; farmers’ wellness and proper income; environmental respect; new jobs opportunities for farmers’ communities
The soil-water-plant agrisystem:a little about soil, water and plants
Authors: Marques da Silva José Rafael , Correia Manuela
Published: November 2020

Soil and water are essential for plants to grow. By analysing a Vegetation Index map of a corn field after emergency we are going to observe different concentrations of chlorophyll across the field. We will try to identify possible causes for those differences and discuss the strategies to solve any problems that are occurring. These problems can be related with soil characteristics, irrigation, plant germination capacity, nutrition, etc., highlighting the importance of soil-water-plant agrisystem.
Sensors for crop productivity, yield maps
Authors: Moreda Guillermo P.
Published: November 2020

For gathering the final results of a season-round crop work, the georeferenced yield is a key piece of information. Harvesting equipment can be equipped with sensors to gather such information. Systems based on different technologies (impact, volume, optics, density, gravity…) will be explained for recording the yield flow inside the machinery, during the harvesting. Adaptations of yield sensors depending on the commodity, along with new sensing systems will be discussed. Sensor for quality quantification will also be explained, as they are important for certain crops. Basic procedures for the calibration of the sensing system and the proper registration of yield data to generate a successful yield map are presented.
Variable Rate Irrigation (VRI)
Authors: Coimbra João , Marques da Silva José Rafael , Correia Manuela
Published: November 2020

Many types of technology are used in variable rate application for Precision Agriculture. In this case, we are talking about Variable Rate Irrigation technology.

Materials for this topic include a presentation and a text, that are complementary.
Robotics:Introduction
Authors: Karouta Jeremy , Ribeiro Ángela , Andújar Dionisio
Published: November 2020

Introduction: This topic is the first of 4 Robotics topics, and contains a short introduction on what robotics is, its definition, and how it can help agriculture (in SPA). It will also lay the framework for the following topics within the lesson.
Robotics: Fleets
Authors: Karouta Jeremy , Ribeiro Ángela , Andújar Dionisio
Published: November 2020

This topic will talk about the application of fleet robotics in agriculture. It will discuss the need for communications and the different strategies that could be implemented.

It will also take a close look at how multi-robot systems are managed and supervised, as well as explain different planning strategies.

The differences of centralised vs decentralised decision making will be explained, and an explanation of a graphical user interface will also be discussed.
Climate Change
Authors: Nastis Stefanos
Published: November 2020

The global temperature rise, of approximately 0.9 degrees Celsius since the late 19th century, due mostly to greenhouse gas emissions, and its future projections of further climate alterations, is commonly known as climate change. Preventing climate change is a key priority of the EU, as well as of other nations. Europe has set specific targets on reducing greenhouse gas emissions in most sectors, including agriculture, and is monitoring Member-States’ progress towards these targets. Precision agriculture, through improved fertilizer, soil and water management can significantly reduce climate change greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining, or even increasing, crop yields and reducing production costs, ensuring sustainability of agricultural systems.
Introduction, Definition, Examples (Social networks, Value Chains) - Sharing is caring, Develop hub for SPA, Flexible methodologies, Hubs or Clusters innovation facilitators, Social aspects of SPA, social networks, value chain agreement
Authors: Paltaki Aikaterini , Michailidis Anastasios
Published: November 2020

Recent technological developments and social media have opened up a multitude of opportunities for farmers and agricultural companies to communicate with their customers and marketers. Especially in the EU agri-food sector, smart use of knowledge, research and innovation is the main source of productivity growth. A new digital innovation hub in Precision Agriculture can drive the digital transformation of Europe's agro-food sector, boosting innovation and growth. Moreover, this hub could also play an important role in the exploitation of opinion leadership in agricultural technology and productivity.
Local Ecosystem Key Actors
Authors: Vieri Marco , Sarri Daniele , Lombardo Stefania , Rimediotti Marco , Lisci Riccardo , De Pascale Valentina , Salvini Eleonora , Perna Carolina , Pagliai Andrea
Published: November 2020

Effective use of technologies is strictly related to direct and ancillary supports. The reliability of technological support system is essential; and territorial development of these skills is fundamental for a trustworthy introduction of innovation.

The performances of the introduced technologies depend on an appropriate support at local and enterprise level: any technology requires providers and services (HD and SW) to be maintained, repaired and set up, which means well-trained consultants and human capital by the appropriate educational system.

The efficiency of the local ecosystem, which supports the introduced technologies, is determined by the skills growth and competences and the Local Ecosystem Readiness Level (LERL), required by the new introducing technology, defines it.
New skills of sustainable precision agriculture
Authors: Gabelloni Donata
Published: November 2020

New technologies have been introduced in the agriculture sector with the growing interest in Precision Agriculture paradigm. Therefore, such innovations forced the farms to enrich their internal competences in order to be able to use the new technologies.

This lesson will provide an overview of which are the new skills required by the workers of the Precision Agriculture sector, highlighting the methodology used to identify such information.
Business Plans
Authors: Loizou Efstratios , Michailidis Anastasios , Nastis Stefanos , Lazaridou Dimitra , Paltaki Aikaterini
Published: November 2020

A business plan is a document that describes how to manage a specific activity in a specific period of time. It is actually a study, but also a communication tool, designed to provide information to its potential recipients, whether they are investors and potential partners. Most times, it is used as a tool for strategic decisions or as a tool for the implementation of specific actions. The contents of such a business plan may vary according to the sector of activity; nevertheless it must follow certain standards. Usually business plans are used for the presentation of a company's plans to a bank or another financial institution, for financing. It provides answers to the following three questions: where is the position of the company now, were wants to be and how will manage to be there.
Toolkit for Agripreneurs 4.0
Authors: Vieri Marco , Sarri Daniele , Lombardo Stefania , Rimediotti Marco , Lisci Riccardo , De Pascale Valentina , Salvini Eleonora , Perna Carolina , Pagliai Andrea
Published: November 2020

The lesson is divided in to 5 topics:

Principles of Farm Management
Innovation Processes
What to do with data?
Software for Farmers - FMIS
Study Cases (web)
O historii Opery Robotniczej w Krakowie (1954–1957)
Authors: Wieczorek Sławomir
Published: November 2020

Stanisław Drabik był pomysłodawcą i organizatorem dwóch specyficznych placówek operowych, których historia przez wiele lat pozostawała zapomniana. W latach 1947–1949 we Wrocławiu prowadził Operę Robotniczą, która przygotowała w 1948 wystawienie opery Flis Stanisława Moniuszki. Do pomysłu tego powrócił w 1954 roku w Krakowie, gdzie działała pod jego kierownictwem druga placówka tego rodzaju. Po dwóch latach prób w lipcu 1956 roku krakowska Opera Robotnicza przedstawiła inscenizację Halki Stanisława Moniuszki na scenie Teatru im. Juliusza Słowackiego. Oficjalnie zespół miał składać się z utalentowanych muzycznie robotników Kombinatu Metalurgicznego w Nowej Hucie, jednak rzeczywisty skład zespołu znacznie odbiegał od tych deklaracji. Finalnym celem działań Drabika było zorganizowanie w Krakowie i kierowanie operą zawodową, a nawiązanie do haseł stalinowskiej propagandy o upowszechnianiu sztuki wśród robotników miały mu pomóc uzyskać finansowe i administracyjne wsparcie instytucji państwowych dla jego planów. Przemiany polityczne polskiego Października, destalinizacja i odwilż w życiu artystycznym skutecznie przekreśliła te plany. Opera Robotnicza straciła dyskursywny i instytucjonalny parasol ochronny. Premiera Halki została bardzo negatywnie przyjęta przez krytyków – pisano o profanacji narodowej opery, fatalnym poziomie aktorskim i muzycznym przedstawienia oraz o nadużyciach finansowych. Część z tych krytyk została jednak sformułowana przez przedstawicieli konkurencyjnej wobec Drabika instytucji walczącej o powstanie zawodowej opery w Krakowie. Podjęta przez ponad rok po premierze walka zespołu i Stanisława Drabika o utrzymanie placówki nie zakończyła się powodzeniem, a Opera Robotnicza popadła w całkowite zapomnienie.
AGLOMERACIÓN ECONÓMICA Y PROBLEMAS URBANOS EN EL CENTRO DE HERMOSILLO, SONORA.
Authors: Garza Daniel Fanco
Published: November 2020

Los centros urbanos son piezas fundamentales de las ciudades en México, y en muchos casos, representan los orígenes de su fundación y actúan como espacios de diversidad y de actividad económica, concentrando una importante variedad comercial y de servicios, a los cuales acceden miles de habitantes de manera diaria y/o regularmente.

Si bien estos espacios son importantes y fungen como referencia de las ciudades, la misma concentración o aglomeración económica y comercial acarrea una serie de complejidades y problemas, dada la gran actividad que desarrollan y en la cual participan cantidad y diversidad de actores que hacen de la dinámica de estos centros urbanos un interesante sistema compuesto por varias partes interconectadas, cuyos vínculos crean información adicional no siempre visible u observable fácilmente.

En este ensayo se analizan este sistema de complejidades y particularidades, así como los actores involucrados, presentando a la vez los problemas del desarrollo urbano que concentra este espacio económico de la ciudad de Hermosillo.
VIVIENDA VERNÁCULA MAYO
Authors: Tostado Cosío Carlos Vicente
Published: November 2020

La arquitectura vernácula ha sido, uno de los temas más recurrente de la habitabilidad, al ser, “per se”, el galeón para la búsqueda de respuestas a bienes ancestrales y develar muchos de los silencios de las culturas mesoamericanas asentadas en los territorios anteriores a la conquista. Pensar en el simple hecho de que no estamos solos en un universo desconocido, es en parte, testimonio del patrimonio histórico construido a partir de los escenarios de la diversa concepción de lo efímero del espacio encontrado, particularmente, al norte del país, y hace justo, el relato edificado de lo diferente idealizado de los habitantes del mundo prehispánico, cuando ceñida su condición a través de múltiples tamices que la identifican históricamente con diversas sociedades, grupos, estilos, plástica y hasta en la poética de sus espacios, las hace en muchas de las ocasiones y a partir de sus formas y materiales, hasta fascinantes.

El rescate y recuperación de los valores de esta arquitectura ancestral, hoy y en el futuro servirán para proponer y construir los espacios que desde luego estos pueblos han de seguir levantando y para las generaciones de arquitectos por venir, para aplicar conceptos y valores de una arquitectura que estando presente se niega a morir en términos de espacialidad y constructibilidad.
ARQUITECTURA DEL SIGLO XX EN LA FRONTERA NORTE DE MÉXICO:
Authors: Robles Cairo Cuauhtémoc , Calderón Aguilera Claudia Marcela C
Published: November 2020

La arquitectura de las ciudades de la frontera norte de México, ha presentado la influencia de la vecindad geográfica con los Estados Unidos de América, que durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, incidió en la conformación de su imagen arquitectónica, primero mediante la importación de una arquitectura de madera prefabricada, y posteriormente con la adopción de un lenguaje denominado coloquialmente como arquitectura californiana, que en realidad se debería denominar como neocolonial californiano. Además de las aspiraciones modernistas de los gobernantes y habitantes de la península, la distancia del centro de México, sumada a los deficientes medios de comunicación y transporte, creó un vínculo permanente entre California y Baja California, que dejó como herencia importantes edificios que hoy podrían clasificarse dentro de este lenguaje arquitectónico. En el artículo se expone la definición y antecedentes del tema, así como una reseña de los principales edificios que hoy forman parte de la memoria colectiva bajacaliforniana y que forman parte significativa del patrimonio arquitectónico del estado, sobre todo cuando se presentan como prueba material efectiva, no sólo de un periodo histórico, sino del mismo que corresponde a la conformación de la primera imagen urbano-arquitectónica de las ciudades de Baja California.
SEMIÓTICA EN EL DISEÑO DE ETIQUETAS
Authors: Olvera Cepeda Sandra Marcelina
Published: November 2020

El presente articulo es una practica de investigación sobre la relación entre las conservas, la semiótica y el diseño tocando puntos importantes para obtener al final un producto.

La elaboración de conservas es una actividad que ha perdurado al pasar de los años, pero pocos saben qué son o cómo se hacen. Son un patrimonio cultural que tiene el riesgo de olvidarse y perderse de nuestra cultura. El diseño es una actividad no tan antigua y abarca muchas áreas; pero ¿qué puede ser mejor que el diseño para apoyar la recuperación de las tradiciones como son las conservas? Si bien no parece tener mucha relación, la verdad es que esta actividad tiene cargas semióticas importantes porque para aquellos que son conocedores de esta magnífica actividad tiene un significado especial además de que en algunos casos representa el sustento de sus vidas, por una parte. Por otro lado, existen tantos productos en el mercado que contienen químicos que perjudican a la salud y esto provoca que las personas busquen bienes naturales u orgánicos como las conservas, y qué mejor opción que ésta. Con base en lo anterior, se construye una imagen, que en este caso será un logo y una etiqueta en base a la semiótica para que las personas que tengan contacto con ellas puedan identificarlas fácilmente.
Introducción
Authors: Tamarit Francisco
Published: November 2020

En este número de Universidades, que celebra el centenario de Abel Quezada abrazando algunos aspectos de su obra, lectoras y lectores podrán recorrer los hitos históricos más importantes, sus tensiones, los diagnósticos y las expectativas de los diferentes actores de la educación superior en México. Los debates que dialogan son excelentes insumos, indispensables a la hora de tratar de entender la realidad actual de la educación mexicana en la profunda discrepancia que la academia y los gobiernos tienen sobre el sistema y sus transformaciones necesarias.
Risks of Social Communications of Public Administrative Bodies with Regard to Manifestations of Corruption
Authors: Balashov Anatolii N. , Lyseiuk Andrii M. , Bashta Ivan I. , Shtelmashenko Anastasiia D. , Mykoliuk Andrii V.
Published: November 2020

The article has analyzed reasons and the current state of corruption risks in the system of social communications of public administrative bodies. The aim of the study is to identify and analyze corruption risks in the system of public communication to eliminate the causes and terms of their emerging. The article is of an overview nature, and it is prepared based on the approach of the content analysis of scientific literature on the topic, analytical reports of international organizations, international projects, the authors’ analysis of sites and information portals of public authorities, and vectors of public information policy. A significant potential of corruption to destroy the trust in public institutions has been emphasized. This process will tend to weaken the state’s ability to fight against corruption. By using the methodological approach “agent – patron” (agent’s dilemma), it has been proved that a substantial increase in corruption processes causes considerable changes in the institutional design of public organizations. It is transforming the nature of the entire public administration system in the direction far from the public interest. This state of affairs demands the scientific community to develop theoretical and practical works offering a modern approach to the problem of countering corruption and, in particular, its institutional forms and mechanisms. The dynamics of corruption connections and relations distort the institutional design in the system of public administration, destroying effective social communications, decreasing a general level of citizens’ trust in power structures, contributing to the concentration of financial and economic assets in a very limited part of the society. The developed e-government has a great potential for countering corruption threats in general, provided the high level of information and communication competency of public authorities, and the developed information competency of citizens. Generalization of the work will be useful for public authorities during implementation processes of the comprehensive system of activities directed at prevention and fighting against corruption and planning while anti-corruption reform implementation, delivery of legal, social, economic, organizational, managerial, and practical activities aiming at corruption prevention through improvement and the further development of social communication in the public sector.
Trying to Deteriorate an Attraction Effect: A Lesson for Challengers
Authors: Santosa MS. Eric
Published: November 2020

The study is designed to answer a question: Can competitors override the effect of attraction that a particular firm’s product has been experiencing? The study demonstrates that sale promotions, particularly discount and rebate, could lead to the alteration of attitude. Data are analyzed by employing Amos 22.0 and SPSS 21.0. The findings are not far from the expectation, that after the promotion of the competitor’s product, the attraction effect is no longer remaining. The customers’ intention to buy the product promoted obviously increases. In addition, hypotheses relating with attraction effect and theory of planned behavior are supported.
IMPLEMENTASI MANAJEMEN PENINGKATAN KINERJA GURU PADA MAN HUTAGODANG, KABUPATEN LABUHANBATU SELATAN
Authors: HARAHAP AZIDDIN
Published: November 2020

Tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa komponen utama pendidikan adalah guru. Peran strategis guru telah menyumbangkan 36% dalam menciptakan kualitas pendidikan. Meskipun demikian, hingga saat ini masih nampak  ke permukaan problematika kinerja guru. Dimulai dari masih banyak di antara guru yang melaksanakan pembelajaran terhadap peserta didik tidak menyiapkan dan mengacu pada  silabus dan RPP (Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran), guru tidak menguasai materi pembelajaran secara luas dan mendalam, proses pembelajaran lebih didominasi oleh guru  daripada murid, orientasi pembelajaran yang bersifat kognitif dan mengejar subject matter daripada afektif dan psikomotorik dan aktivitas  mengajar guru yang bersifat rutinitas belaka, kering dari nilai-nilai normatif berdasarkan panggilan jiwa, minat, bakat maupun idealismenya.Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah: lembaga pendidikan Islam MAN Hutagodang, kabupaten Labuhanbatu Selatan telah dikelola dengan baik dengan menerapkan fungsi-fungsi manajemen: perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan/kepemimpinan dan pengawasan. Kelemahan terdapat pada fungsi perencanaan yang tidak  disertai dengan rencana biaya, rencana pengawasan/evaluasi dan penanggungjawab program. Pengorganisasian dilakukan dengan menetapkan tupoksi (tugas pokok dan fungsi) guru dan jabatan tambahannya dan struktur organisasi MAN Hutagodang. Pelaksanaan kegiatan peningkatan kinerja guru adalah: Diklat KTSP, Diklat mata pelajaran, Diklat Prajabatan, MGMP dan bimbingan teman sejawat dengan tipe kepemimpinan kepala madrasah bersifat demokratis. Pengawasan kinerja guru dilakukan dengan supervisi kelas.