bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monetary Policy and Cross-Border Interbank Market Fragmentation: Lessons from the Crisis
Authors: Blattner Tobias S. , Swarbrick Jonathan M.
Published: October 2020

We present a two-country model featuring risky lending and cross-border interbank market frictions. We find that (i) the strength of the financial accelerator, when applied to banks operating under uncertainty in an interbank market, will critically depend on the economic and financial structure of the economy; (ii) adverse shocks to the real economy can be the source of banking crisis, causing an increase in interbank funding costs, aggravating the initial shock; and (iii) asset purchases and central bank long-term refinancing operations can be effective substitutes for, or supplements to, conventional monetary policy.
Ten Chemical Innovations That Will Change Our World
Authors: Gomollón-Bel Fernando
Published: October 2020

In 2019, IUPAC introduced the “Top Ten Emerging Technologies in Chemistry” [1]. * This initiative commemorated both IUPAC’s 100th anniversary and the International Year of the Periodic Table, a worldwide event that celebrated 150 years since the first publication of Mendeleev’s most famous chemistry icon. Now, IUPAC wants to transform this project into yet another landmark. Every year, the “Top Ten Emerging Technologies in Chemistry” will identify innovations with tremendous potential to change the current chemical and industrial landscape [2].*
Lorenz-generated bivariate Archimedean copulas
Authors: Fontanari Andrea , Cirillo Pasquale , Oosterlee Cornelis W.
Published: October 2020

A novel generating mechanism for non-strict bivariate Archimedean copulas via the Lorenz curve of a non-negative random variable is proposed. Lorenz curves have been extensively studied in economics and statistics to characterize wealth inequality and tail risk. In this paper, these curves are seen as integral transforms generating increasing convex functions in the unit square. Many of the properties of these “Lorenz copulas”, from tail dependence and stochastic ordering, to their Kendall distribution function and the size of the singular part, depend on simple features of the random variable associated to the generating Lorenz curve. For instance, by selecting random variables with a lower bound at zero it is possible to create copulas with asymptotic upper tail dependence. An “alchemy” of Lorenz curves that can be used as general framework to build multiparametric families of copulas is also discussed.
Nonparametric relative recursive regression
Authors: Slaoui Yousri , Khardani Salah
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we propose the problem of estimating a regression function recursively based on the minimization of the Mean Squared Relative Error (MSRE), where outlier data are present and the response variable of the model is positive. We construct an alternative estimation of the regression function using a stochastic approximation method. The Bias, variance, and Mean Integrated Squared Error (MISE) are computed explicitly. The asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator is also proved. Moreover, we conduct a simulation to compare the performance of our proposed estimators with that of the two classical kernel regression estimators and then through a real Malaria dataset.
Feasibility of patient-reported diagnostic errors following emergency department discharge: a pilot study
Authors: Gleason Kelly T. , Peterson Susan , Dennison Himmelfarb Cheryl R. , Villanueva Mariel , Wynn Taylor , Bondal Paula , Berg Daniel , Jerde Welcome , Newman-Toker David
Published: October 2020

Objectives

The National Academy of Medicine identified diagnostic error as a pressing public health concern and defined failure to effectively communicate the diagnosis to patients as a diagnostic error. Leveraging Patient’s Experience to improve Diagnosis (LEAPED) is a new program for measuring patient-reported diagnostic error. As a first step, we sought to assess the feasibility of using LEAPED after emergency department (ED) discharge.

Methods

We deployed LEAPED using a cohort design at three EDs within one academic health system. We enrolled 59 patients after ED discharge and queried them about their health status and understanding of the explanation for their health problems at 2-weeks, 1-month, and 3-months. We measured response rates and demographic/clinical predictors of patient uptake of LEAPED.

Results

Of those enrolled (n=59), 90% (n=53) responded to the 2-week post-ED discharge questionnaire (1 and 3-month ongoing). Of the six non-responders, one died and three were hospitalized at two weeks. The average age was 50 years (SD 16) and 64% were female; 53% were white and 41% were black. Over a fifth (23%) reported they were not given an explanation of their health problem on leaving the ED, and of those, a fourth (25%) did not have an understanding of what next steps to take after leaving the ED.

Conclusions

Patient uptake of LEAPED was high, suggesting that patient-report may be a feasible method of evaluating the effectiveness of diagnostic communication to patients though further testing in a broader patient population is essential. Future research should determine if LEAPED yields important insights into the quality and safety of diagnostic care.
Rainfall thresholds of shallow landslides in Wuyuan County of Jiangxi Province, China
Authors: Li Xiaochao , Liu Handong , Pan Jishun , Li Dongdong , Wang Jin
Published: October 2020

Rainfall is a critical factor inducing landslides, and thus the study of rainfall thresholds is of great significance for the prediction and prevention of landslides. In June 2017, infrastructures such as electric power pylons and roads were threatened by group-occurring landslides due to continuous heavy rainfall in Wuyuan County, Jiangxi Province of China. Based on the analysis of the rainfall data from March to September in this region, the lower (92.4 mm/d) and the upper (217.1 mm/d) empirical rainfall thresholds were determined. The soil water characteristic parameters of a typical landslide were determined by laboratory tests and back-analysis. Then, the factor of safety (FOS) versus time and the mechanical response of failure process with rainfall infiltration were examined. The results showed that during rainfall infiltration, the pore-water pressure increased, while the matrix suction and the stability decreased gradually. After the rain, the FOS increased slowly to a constant value, which was smaller than the initial. The physical rainfall threshold (200 mm/d), determined using 18 numerical simulation tests considering different rainfall intensities and amounts, was consistent with the empirical rainfall threshold. The methods developed in this work provide a useful tool for the prediction of landslides under extreme rainfall conditions.
LA-ICP-MS U–Pb ages of detrital zircons from Middle Jurassic sedimentary rocks in southwestern Fujian: Sedimentary provenance and its geological significance
Authors: Zhongjie Xu , Jintao Kong , Rihui Cheng , Yizhi Lan , Liaoliang Wang
Published: October 2020

In order to determine the tectonic regime change of the early Mesozoic in the South China Block, this study analyzed sedimentary rocks in the Middle Jurassic of southwestern Fujian by modal analysis of sandstones, elemental geochemical analysis of mudstones, and detrital zircons U–Pb dating. The results show that the detrital zircons in Southwestern Fujian mainly consist of Paleoproterozoic to early Mesozoic zircons in the Middle Jurassic. Within the Dongkeng profile of the Zhangping Formation, DK5 sample (lower part) showed a major age peak at ca. 1,848 Ma and two secondary age peaks at ca. 235 and 180 Ma, while DK15 sample (middle part) showed a major age peak at ca. 1,876 Ma and two secondary age peaks at ca. 233 and 190 Ma; the age compositions of these two samples’ were similar. Modal analysis of sandstones indicated that sediments of Zhangping Formation might source from arc orogen and recycled orogen, and element geochemical analysis showed that source rocks of Zhangping Formation might be sedimentary rocks and granites. The Indosinian zircons were mainly derived from the Wuyi region, and the Yanshanian zircons were mainly derived from the Nanling region. The major age group changes from ca. 230 to 220 Ma of the Late Triassic – Early Jurassic to ca. 190 to 180 Ma of the Middle Jurassic in Southwestern Fujian, and main sources changed from Indosinian magmatic rocks in the Late Triassic – Early Jurassic to early Yanshanian magmatic rocks in the Middle Jurassic.
Kinetic analysis of CO2 gasification of biochar and anthracite based on integral isoconversional nonlinear method
Authors: Dai Bing , Qiu Jia-Yong , Ren Shan , Su Bu-Xin , Ding Xiang , Ju Dian-Chun , Bai Ni , Long Hong-Ming
Published: October 2020

The nonisothermal thermogravimetric analysis was implemented for gasification of sawdust char (SD-char), wheat straw char (WS-char), rice husk char (RH-char), bamboo char (BB-char) and anthracite coal (AC) in the presence of CO2. The dependence of activation energy upon conversion for different biochars and AC was obtained by the integral isoconversional nonlinear (NL-INT) method which is a model-free method. Based on the activation energy values from the NL-INT method, a model-fitting method called random pore model (RPM) was used to estimate the kinetic parameters including the preexponential factor and pore structure parameter from the experimental data. The results are shown that the gasification reactivity of different samples from high to low can be sorted as that of WS-char, SD-char, BB-char, RH-char and AC. In the early stage of gasification, the activation energy values of biochars increase generally with an increase in the conversion degree, whereas the value of AC decreases. Thereafter, the activation energy values remain almost unchanged when the conversion is up to some extent. When the conversion degree varies between about 0.3 and 0.9, these carbon materials can be sorted in the order of average activation energy from low to high as WS-char, SD-char, AC, RH-char and BB-char, respectively, 134.3, 143.8, 168.5, 184.8 and 193.0 kJ/mol. It is shown that a complex multistep mechanism occurs in the initial stage of gasification, while a single-step gasification mechanism exists in the rest of the gasification process. The RPM is suitable for describing the gasification of biomass chars and AC except the initial gasification. Additionally, it is found that the kinetic compensation effect (KCE) still exists in the gasification reactions of biochars and AC. However, the AC deviates markedly from the KCE curve. This may be caused by the similarity of carbonaceous structure of biochars and the difference in reactivity between biochars and AC.
Effect of adding yttrium on precipitation behaviors of inclusions in E690 ultra high strength offshore platform steel
Authors: Xi Xiaojun , Li Shaoying , Yang Shufeng , Li Jingshe , Zhao Mengjing
Published: October 2020

The mechanism of inclusions precipitation of the E690 offshore platform steel, with and without addition of yttrium, was studied using the thermodynamic calculation method. The results show that in the E690 steel in the absence of yttrium, the MnS inclusions were precipitated in the liquid phase at the solidification front. By adding the yttrium, MnS inclusions were replaced by spindle and spherical yttrium-containing oxide and sulfide complex inclusions, and the precipitation sequence of yttrium-containing inclusions in the liquid steel was Y2O3, Y2O2S, and YS. However, Y2S3 inclusions cannot be precipitated in the liquid steel under the experimental conditions. It was also found that Al2O3 inclusions can be formed in the liquid steel with and without addition of yttrium. The thermodynamic calculation results are in accordance with the experimental results.
Kreuzzug als „Heiliger Krieg“? Der Erste Kreuzzug im Spannungsfeld zwischen Gewalt und Frieden
Authors: Weitzel Tim
Published: October 2020

In diesem Beitrag wird ein kritischer Blick auf einen Gemeinplatz der Kreuzzugsforschung geworfen. Der Kreuzzug gilt einem Großteil der Forschung derzeit als „Heiliger Krieg“ par excellence. Mit dieser Klassifikation wurde dem Phänomen „Kreuzzug“ eine besondere Totalität der Kriegsführung attestiert und zugleich eine besondere Qualität der Gewalt eingeschrieben. Doch bei näherer Betrachtung zeigt sich, dass die Kreuzzugsgeschichte nicht nur durch Situationen endemischer Gewalt gekennzeichnet ist, sondern die Historiographie zugleich diplomatische Kontakte zwischen den Pilgerkriegern und ihren muslimischen Kontrahenten verzeichnet. Um diese für moderne Beobachter oftmals verblüffende Gleichzeitigkeit von politischem Pragmatismus und religiösem Rigorismus zu erklären, wird hier erstmals ein Zentraltext des Deuteronomistischen Geschichtswerkes in den Blick genommen, der von der Kreuzzugsforschung bisher übersehen wurde: das Deuteronomistische Kriegsgesetz. Im Lichte dieser Norm zeigt sich, dass das Handeln der Kreuzfahrer in Outremer mitnichten widersprüchlich war, sondern sich durchaus im Handlungsrahmen der biblischen Norm bewegte.
Effect of bilateral needling at an acupuncture point, ST-36 (Zusanli) on blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A pilot randomized placebo controlled trial
Authors: Mooventhan A. , Ningombam Reema , Nivethitha L.
Published: October 2020

Background

Diabetes mellitus is one of the major current public health problems. Electro-acupuncture at ST-36 showed a significant reduction in plasma glucose levels in diabetic rats. There are lacks of studies reporting its hypoglycemic effect in humans and thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of needling at ST-36 (Zusanli) on blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

Sixty T2DM participants were recruited and randomized into acupuncture group (n=30) and placebo control group (n=30). The participants of the acupuncture group received needling at ST-36 (one finger breadth lateral to the inferior border of the tibial tuberosity), and the participants those in the placebo control group received needling at placebo point (midpoint between the apex of the patella and tibial tuberosity). For both the groups, needles were retained for 30 min. Baseline and post-test assessments were performed prior to and after each intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16.

Results

The present study showed a significant reduction in random blood glucose levels in the acupuncture group compared to the placebo control group.

Conclusion

This study suggests that 30 min of bilateral acupuncture needling at ST-36 with manual stimulation is effective in reducing blood glucose levels in T2DM patients.
Fibonacci groups 𝐹(2, 𝑛) are hyperbolic for 𝑛 odd and 𝑛 ≥ 11
Authors: Chalk Christopher P.
Published: October 2020

We prove that the Fibonacci group

F
⁢

(
2
,
n
)

{F(2,n)}

for n odd and

n
≥
11

{n\geq 11}

is hyperbolic.
We do this by applying a curvature argument to an arbitrary van Kampen diagram of

F
⁢

(
2
,
n
)

{F(2,n)}

and show that it satisfies a linear isoperimetric inequality.
It then follows that

F
⁢

(
2
,
n
)

{F(2,n)}

is hyperbolic.
Understanding Job Placement of Recent Emergency Management Graduates: An Initial Test of a Theoretical Framework
Authors: Kirkpatrick Sarah , Jensen Jessica
Published: October 2020

The job placement of emergency management degree program graduates has been an enduring point of conversation for over a decade https://training.fema.gov/hiedu/readinglist.aspx, https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=478470, https://doi.org/10.2202/1547-7355.1910, https://training.fema.gov/hiedu/readinglist.aspx, https://training.fema.gov/hiedu/readinglist.aspx, https://training.fema.gov/hiedu/latest/2018.aspx. Whether graduates are employable, whether they are getting jobs, and why some get jobs and others do not have been of concern. Yet, until recently, no empirical study had examined the extent to which emergency management degree holders who want emergency management jobs actually get them. Jensen and Kirkpatrick (2020), found that the majority of graduates who intended such jobs got them, while almost a third did not. Jensen and Kirkpatrick (2019), proposed a theoretical framework that might guide research on job outcomes of emergency management degree program graduates, including job placement. This manuscript reports the authors' efforts to utilize the theoretical framework to explore the difference between those graduates who wanted and secured an emergency management position post-graduation and those who wanted one but did not. Specifically, this manuscript reports initial findings and challenges related to this question in the context of a theoretical framework of job placement and the current state of emergency management higher education nationally.
Regularization of backward time-fractional parabolic equations by Sobolev-type equations
Authors: Hào Dinh Nho , Van Duc Nguyen , Van Thang Nguyen , Trung Thành Nguyen
Published: October 2020

The problem of determining the initial condition from noisy final observations in time-fractional parabolic equations is considered.
This problem is well known to be ill-posed, and it is regularized by backward Sobolev-type equations.
Error estimates of Hölder type are obtained with a priori and a posteriori regularization parameter choice rules.
The proposed regularization method results in a stable noniterative numerical scheme.
The theoretical error estimates are confirmed by numerical tests for one- and two-dimensional equations.
Frequency of thyroid dysfunction in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease exposed to iodinated contrast media – a long-term observational study
Authors: Kubicki Rouven , Grohmann Jochen , Kunz Klaus-Georg , Stiller Brigitte , Schwab Karl Otfried , van der Werf-Grohmann Natascha
Published: October 2020

Background

The thyroid gland of patients with congenital heart disease may be exposed to large doses of iodine from various sources. We assessed the thyroid response after iodine exposure during conventional angiography in cardiac catheterization and angiographic computer tomography in childhood.

Methods

Retrospective mid- to long-term follow-up of 104 individuals (24% neonates, 51% infants, 25% children) with a median age and body weight of 104 days [0–8 years] and 5.3 kg [1.6–20]. Serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, free triiodthyronine and free thyroxine were evaluated at baseline and after excess iodine. We also assessed risk factors that may affect thyroid dysfunction.

Results

Baseline thyroidal levels were within normal range in all patients. The mean cumulative iodinate contrast load was 6.6 ± 1.6 mL/kg. In fact, 75% had experienced more than one event involving iodine exposure, whose median frequency was three times per patient [1–12]. During the median three years follow-up period [0.5–10], the incidence of thyroid dysfunction was 15.4% (n=16). Those patients developed acquired hypothyroidism (transient n=14, long-lasting n=2 [both died]) with 10 of them requiring temporary replacement therapy for transient thyroid dysfunction, while four patients recovered spontaneously. 88 individuals (84.6%) remained euthyroid. Repeated cardiac interventions, use of drugs that interfere with the thyroid and treatment in the intensive care unit at the index date were strong predictors for acquired thyroid dysfunction.

Conclusions

The incidence of acquired hypothyroidism after iodine excess was 15.4%. However, most patients developed only transient hypothyroidism. Systemic iodine exposure seems to be clinically and metabolically well tolerated during long-term follow-up.
Methods of detection and prevention of preterm labour and the PAMG-1 detection test: a review
Authors: Dochez Vincent , Ducarme Guillaume , Gueudry Pauline , Joueidi Yolaine , Boivin Marion , Boussamet Louise , Pelerin Hélène , Le Thuaut Aurélie , Lamoureux Zeineb , Riche Valéry-Pierre , Winer Norbert , Thubert Thibault , Marie Emilie
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Preterm labour is the leading cause of hospitalization during pregnancy. In France, it results in more than 60,000 births before 37 weeks of gestation every year. Recent studies suggest that detection of placental α-microglobulin-1 (PAMG-1) in vaginal secretions among women presenting symptoms of preterm labour with intact membranes has good predictive value for the onset of spontaneous preterm delivery within 7 days. The test is especially interesting, in that the repetition of antenatal corticosteroids for foetal lung maturation is no longer recommended in France and the effect of the initial administration is most beneficial in the 24 h to 7 days afterwards.

Methods

We included all studies listed in PubMed andclinicaltrials.govwith the terms “PAMG-1” and either “preterm labor” or “preterm labour”, while excluding all studies on the subject of “rupture of the membranes” from 2000 through 2017. Ten studies were thus included.

Results

In women who had both the PAMG-1 and foetal fibronectin test, the PAMG-1 test was statistically superior to the measurement of cervical length for positive predictive value (p<0.0074), negative predictive value (p=0.0169) and specificity (p<0.001) for the prediction of spontaneous preterm delivery within 7 days.

Conclusions

The use of PAMG-1 may make it possible to target the women at risk with a shortened cervix on ultrasound (<25 mm) those with an imminent preterm delivery and therefore to adapt management, especially the administration of antenatal corticosteroid therapy.
Implementing de-biased estimators using mixed sequences
Authors: Polala Arun Kumar , Ökten Giray
Published: October 2020

We describe an implementation of the de-biased estimator using mixed sequences; these are sequences obtained from pseudorandom and low-discrepancy sequences.
We use this implementation to numerically solve some stochastic differential equations from computational finance.
The mixed sequences, when combined with Brownian bridge or principal component analysis constructions, offer convergence rates significantly better than the Monte Carlo implementation.
The crystal structure of oxonium hexaquaaluminium disulfate hexahydrate
Authors: Liu Yan , Hao Min , Gao Jianfeng , Liu Jianghui , Cui Juan
Published: October 2020

AlH27S2O21, cubic, Pa3̄ (no. 205), a = 12.2403(14) Å, V = 1833.9(6) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0507, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1458, T = 298 K.
Crystal structure of phenarsazine chloride dimethylsulfoxide solvate, C14H15AsClNOS
Authors: Averdunk Arthur , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard
Published: October 2020

C14H15AsClNOS, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 5.2852(2) Å, b = 13.3035(6) Å, c = 10.7522(5) Å, β = 90.130(2) Å, V = 756.00(6) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0200, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0503, T = 200(2) K.
Synthesis and crystal structure of 2-azido-N-phenylacetamide, C8H8N4O
Authors: Guerrab Walid , Missioui Mohcine , Zaoui Younes , Mague Joel T. , Ramli Youssef
Published: October 2020

C8H8N4O, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 5.8085(13) Å, b = 16.533(4) Å, c = 18.171(4) Å, V = 1745.0(7) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0399, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1078, T = 296(2) K.
Growing Resistance to Systems of Oppression: An Exploration of the Transformative Power of Urban Agriculture
Authors: Noll Samantha
Published: October 2020

Today the relationship between food and cities is revitalizing urban areas, as food production practices transform locales one block and one neighborhood at a time. The key catalysts of this transformation include the commitment to address the root causes of inequalities within food systems and the desire to increase local control over food systems that have been increasingly industrialized and globalized. These goals, encapsulated by the terms “food justice” and “food sovereignty,” play major roles in guiding local food initiatives in cities today. This study explores how justice-oriented urban agriculture projects transform city contexts in ways that reduce regulatory barriers – barriers that, when left in place, could perpetuate systems of oppression. The study ends with the argument that, by removing regulatory barriers, urban agriculture projects are transforming cityscapes in ways that cultivate justice at the system level.
Variation of lead isotopic composition and atomic weight in terrestrial materials (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Zhu Xiang-Kun , Benefield Jacqueline , Coplen Tyler B. , Gao Zhaofu , Holden Norman E.
Published: October 2020

The isotopic composition and atomic weight of lead are variable in terrestrial materials because its three heaviest stable isotopes are stable end-products of the radioactive decay of uranium (238U to 206Pb; 235U to 207Pb) and thorium (232Th to 208Pb). The lightest stable isotope, 204Pb, is primordial. These variations in isotope ratios and atomic weights provide useful information in many areas of science, including geochronology, archaeology, environmental studies, and forensic science. While elemental lead can serve as an abundant and homogeneous isotopic reference, deviations from the isotope ratios in other lead occurrences limit the accuracy with which a standard atomic weight can be given for lead. In a comprehensive review of several hundred publications and analyses of more than 8000 samples, published isotope data indicate that the lowest reported lead atomic weight of a normal terrestrial materials is 206.1462 ± 0.0028 (k = 2), determined for a growth of the phosphate mineral monazite around a garnet relic from an Archean high-grade metamorphic terrain in north-western Scotland, which contains mostly 206Pb and almost no 204Pb. The highest published lead atomic weight is 207.9351 ± 0.0005 (k = 2) for monazite from a micro-inclusion in a garnet relic, also from a high-grade metamorphic terrain in north-western Scotland, which contains almost pure radiogenic 208Pb. When expressed as an interval, the lead atomic weight is [206.14, 207.94]. It is proposed that a value of 207.2 be adopted for the single lead atomic-weight value for education, commerce, and industry, corresponding to previously published conventional atomic-weight values.
Definitions and notations relating to tactic polymers (IUPAC Recommendations 2020)
Authors: Fellows Christopher M. , Hellwich Karl-Heinz , Meille Stefano V. , Moad Graeme , Nakano Tamaki , Vert Michel
Published: October 2020

This document summarizes and extends definitions and notations for the description of tactic polymers and the diad structures of which they are composed. It formally recognizes and resolves apparent inconsistencies between terminology used in the polymer field to describe tactic polymers and terminology in more common use in organic chemistry. Specifically, the terms m and r diads are recommended to replace the terms meso and racemo diads. The definitions are also updated from those in the existing Stereochemistry Document to use the term ‘stereogenic centre’, rather than ‘chiral or prochiral atoms’. Further, the terms relating to tacticity have been defined for the constituent macromolecules, rather than for the polymers composed of those macromolecules. Therefore, this document also forms an addendum and corrigendum to the 1981 document, ‘Stereochemical definitions and notations relating to polymers’.
Re charged emblems: Hawthorne and semiotic metamorphics
Authors: Splendora Anthony
Published: October 2020

Illuminating innovatively the dialectic by which “sign” is induced “to signify” requires an analysis of the inferrer-entailed symbolics constituting “signified,” a process particularly observable during relative, purposeful re-signification, particularly at high-visibility sites. Because Nathaniel Hawthorne focused intently his romantic-dramaticoeuvreon cynosural women, because of his affinity for allegorical signification, and especially for his tangibility to feminist themes and axiologies of virtue transcending even the highly reformist nineteenth century, he is here chosen an interpretation-open “carrier wave” for that research. Climactically and consonant thematically, also instructive is Umberto Eco’s unnamed, eponymous “Rose” for being an antiphrastic sign with a truth of its own signifying at least (like Hawthorne’s Puritan-oblique Hester Prynne) divergence from male/hieratic hermeneutics; at most (like Apuleius’s metaphysical Psyche, Hawthorne’s lodestar) ineffable, philosophical Good. As if to the generating premise, Eco wrote inThe Name of the Rose, “Without an eye to read them[,] signs produce no concepts”; socially consequential signification-conditioned transformation, in that eye and toward those signifieds, symptomatic both historical and rhetorical, is here assayed.
Mirativity as Expressive Meaning: The Case ofadiós
Authors: Escalona Torres Juan M.
Published: October 2020

The study of mirativity as a semantic-pragmatic concept is the study of the status or expectation of knowledge (DeLancey 2012; Sánchez López 2017). In Spanish, mirativity is expressed by the use of strategies such as intonation, exclamatory sentences, focus fronting, and the use of mirative particles. This paper examines the mirative particleadiós(lit. ‘to god’) in Puerto Rican Spanish. I divide the paper into two parts: first, I examine the structural distribution ofadiósand its various mirative values (cf. Aikhenvald 2012); second, I look into several properties ofadiósthat are characteristic of expressive meaning rather than truth-conditional meaning (cf. Potts 2007). The essential function ofadiósis to signal that a proposition-at-hand is new and unexpected information to the speaker. As derived from this mirative value,adiósimplicates a speaker-oriented perspective and the speaker’s concomitant surprise. Aside from its mirative role in the sentence,adiósdoes not alter the truth-value of the sentence. For this reason, the function of Spanish mirative particles is best captured within an expressive account of meaning. As I illustrate in the analysis, the use ofadiós, and other mirative particles alike, is consistent with Potts’ (2007) characteristics of expressive content: independence, non-displaceability, descriptive ineffability, and repeatability.
Kompetenz und/oder Charisma – Voraussetzung für Qualität in Spiritual Care und Seelsorge?
Authors: Merkens Martin
Published: October 2020

Es gibt Ansätze zur quantitativen Erfassung von Kompetenzen, die für eine Tätigkeit in Spiritual Care oder Seelsorge erforderlich sind. Allerdings zeigt ein genauerer Blick auf Bedeutungsgehalt und Verwendung des Begriffs Kompetenz, dass Kompetenzen eben nicht uneingeschränkt erfass- und beschreibbar sind. Im Artikel wird darauf verwiesen, dass eine Weitung des Kompetenzbegriffs durch eine Verbindung mit dem Charismenbegriff hilfreich sein kann, aber auch nach zusätzlichen, qualitativen Forschungsmethoden fragt. Aus solchen Untersuchungen ergeben sich Impulse für die Vermittlung von Kompetenzen und die Förderung von Charismen in der Qualifizierung und Begleitung Seelsorglicher Begleiter/-innen, die auch für die Aus- und Fortbildung Hauptamtlicher in der Seelsorge wie Angehöriger der Gesundheitsberufe im Hinblick auf Spiritual Care Bedeutung haben können.
Where do demonstratives come from?
Authors: Heine Bernd , Kuteva Tania , Long Haiping , Narrog Heiko , Wu Fang
Published: October 2020

Studies in grammaticalization have established that processes of grammatical change frequently have lexical items as their source, and more specifically nouns and verbs. But there is at least one potential exception: As argued by Holger Diessel in a number of publications, demonstratives cannot be historically derived from other entities, such as lexical items. Based on a survey of languages from different parts of the world and belonging to different language families, the present paper argues that this generalization is in need of reconsideration.
Cutting force based surface integrity soft-sensor when hard machining AISI 4140
Authors: Meurer Markus , Tekkaya Berk , Augspurger Thorsten , Pullen Thomas , Schraknepper Daniel , Bergs Thomas , Münstermann Sebastian
Published: October 2020

Workpiece rim zone modifications during hard machining can be explained with the high thermo-mechanical loads induced by the cutting process. The formation of White Layers with a fine-grained microstructure by dynamic recrystallization (DRX) is one of those surface modifications that can negatively affect the functionality of a machined part by changing the residual stress state and facilitating crack initiation. As a consequence, the fatigue life of the machined parts is reduced. It is therefore of great interest to understand the thermo-mechanical conditions which induce White Layers formation in order to be able to control them by in-situ measurements if necessary. For this purpose, a cutting force based Soft-Sensor is developed in this study which enables the in-process estimation of White Layer thickness. Therefore, a cutting force based analytical model is used to estimate the resulting temperature fields and correlated with validated numerical chip formation simulations. In addition, the predictions of the White Layer thickness of the analytical model are then compared using light microscopy and the results of the numerical finite element model, in which a DRX model is additionally implemented.
Crystal structure of the synthetic analogue of iwateite, Na2BaMn(PO4)2: an X-ray powder diffraction and Raman study
Authors: Nénert Gwilherm , Murshed M. Mangir , Ben Hamed Teycir , Gesing Thorsten M. , Ben Amara Mongi
Published: October 2020

We have investigated the crystal structure of the synthetic analogue of the mineral iwateite using powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Na2BaMn(PO4)2 crystallizes in the space group P

3
‾

$‾{3}$

m1 (No. 164) with cell parameters a = 5.37292(1) Å, and c = 7.09538(1) Å (R
wp = 5.7%, V = 177.38 Å3, Z = 1). The space group assignment is supported by the experimentally observed 11 Raman active modes which agree with the expected number of modes for the P

3
‾

$‾{3}$

m1 symmetry.
Temporal Therapeutic Letters: Utilizing Time as a Structural Guide
Authors: Reiter Michael D. , Brown April
Published: October 2020

Therapeutic letters have been incorporated into psychotherapy for over half a century, being used for a variety of purposes, including recruiting non-attending members to therapy, implementing therapeutic interventions, summarizing client change, and termination. Therapeutic letters have been used by therapists from a variety of models, such as narrative, solution-focused, and strategic therapies. This article presents a format for writing therapeutic letters that focuses on temporality. These temporal therapeutic letters are structured to highlight the flow of a client's story: past, present, and future. By focusing on temporality, the temporal therapeutic letter acknowledges the client's initial limited identity, highlights their co-constructed resourceful identities, and reflects on the future implementation of those resourceful identities. Two temporal therapeutic letters are presented to demonstrate how therapists can compose this three-part format of letters.
Revaluing the Role of vmPFC in the Acquisition of Pavlovian Threat Conditioning in Humans
Authors: Battaglia Simone , Garofalo Sara , di Pellegrino Giuseppe , Starita Francesca
Published: October 2020

The role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in human pavlovian threat conditioning has been relegated largely to the extinction or reversal of previously acquired stimulus–outcome associations. However, recent neuroimaging evidence questions this view by also showing activity in the vmPFC during threat acquisition. Here we investigate the casual role of vmPFC in the acquisition of pavlovian threat conditioning by assessing skin conductance response (SCR) and declarative memory of stimulus–outcome contingencies during a differential pavlovian threat-conditioning paradigm in eight patients with a bilateral vmPFC lesion, 10 with a lesion outside PFC and 10 healthy participants (each group included both females and males). Results showed that patients with vmPFC lesion failed to produce a conditioned SCR during threat acquisition, despite no evidence of compromised SCR to unconditioned stimulus or compromised declarative memory for stimulus–outcome contingencies. These results suggest that the vmPFC plays a causal role in the acquisition of new learning and not just in the extinction or reversal of previously acquired learning, as previously thought. Given the role of the vmPFC in schema-related processing and latent structure learning, the vmPFC may be required to construct a detailed representation of the task, which is needed to produce a sustained conditioned physiological response in anticipation of the unconditioned stimulus during threat acquisition.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPavlovian threat conditioning is an adaptive mechanism through which organisms learn to avoid potential threats, thus increasing their chances of survival. Understanding what brain regions contribute to such a process is crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying adaptive as well as maladaptive learning, and has the potential to inform the treatment of anxiety disorders. Importantly, the role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in the acquisition of pavlovian threat conditioning has been relegated largely to the inhibition of previously acquired learning. Here, we show that the vmPFC actually plays a causal role in the acquisition of pavlovian threat conditioning.
Respiratory supercomplexes enhance electron transport by decreasing cytochrome c diffusion distance
Authors: Berndtsson Jens , Kohler Andreas , Rathore Sorbhi , Marin‐Buera Lorena , Dawitz Hannah , Diessl Jutta , Kohler Verena , Barrientos Antoni , Büttner Sabrina , Fontanesi Flavia , Ott Martin
Published: October 2020

Respiratory chains are crucial for cellular energy conversion and consist of multi‐subunit complexes that can assemble into supercomplexes. These structures have been intensively characterized in various organisms, but their physiological roles remain unclear. Here, we elucidate their function by leveraging a high‐resolution structural model of yeast respiratory supercomplexes that allowed us to inhibit supercomplex formation by mutation of key residues in the interaction interface. Analyses of a mutant defective in supercomplex formation, which still contains fully functional individual complexes, show that the lack of supercomplex assembly delays the diffusion of cytochrome c between the separated complexes, thus reducing electron transfer efficiency. Consequently, competitive cellular fitness is severely reduced in the absence of supercomplex formation and can be restored by overexpression of cytochrome c. In sum, our results establish how respiratory supercomplexes increase the efficiency of cellular energy conversion, thereby providing an evolutionary advantage for aerobic organisms.
BIOLOGICAL SULFIDE OXIDATION AND ITS IMPACT ON CELL BIOMASS SYNTHESIS BY MESOPHILIC BACTERIUM BACILLUS CERUES (ATCC 14579)
Authors: M.M. Ahmad , A.M. Azoddien , M. A.K.M Zahari , M.N Seman , M.S. Jami
Published: October 2020

Inhibitory effects of hydrogen sulfide could either be due to toxicity to living tissue or precipitation of sulfide salts which inhibit its utilization for cell growth. Growth, is undoubtedly affected by certain conditions, among which are nutrient types and availability, as well as the operational parameters of the fermenting medium. In this study, Bacillus cereus (ATCC 14579) was tested for potential sulfide biodegradation in a suspended growth medium of orbital shake flasks using a single milieu composition under defined operational parameters. Growth and sulfide oxidation efficiency were measured spectrophotometrically under optimum physical conditions of pH, temperature, acclimatization time and agitation. Sulfide reduction was overwhelmingly recorded at three different sulfide loading rates of 200 ppm S2- L-1 d- 1, 300 ppm S2- L-1 d-1 and 500 ppm S2- L-1 d-1 with corresponding appreciable cell growth measured at OD600 nm. Results indicated that it was possible to realise sulfide removal efficiency of 95% to 99% using this strain in an orbital shake flask within 24 hrs, as well as 65% to 78% within the first 6 hrs of inoculation. Overall, sulfide wasreduced by 95% in 200 ppm and 300 ppm, while 99% in 500 ppm, respectively. While, the corresponding exponential cell growth recorded was 3.91, 3.80 and 3.61 in 200 ppm, 300 ppm and 500 ppm, respectively. This also translate to cell biomass synthesis (cell dry weight) of 0.61 g/L, 0.58 g/L and 0.50 g/L in 200 ppm, 500 ppm and 300 ppm. Based on this finding, it was clear that this inoculum can utilize different sulfide concentration for growth and biosynthesis; thus can be employed to treat sulfide contaminated wastewater in a suspended growth form under simple nutrient composition and operational conditions.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING MARINE MICROALGAE ISOCHRYSIS sp.
Authors: R Tevan , Jayakumar Saravanan , Ahmad Sahimi Nor Haledah , Iqbal Nur Farah Ain , Zapri Iffah , Govindan Natanamurugaraj , Ichwan Solachuddin J. A. , Maniam Gaanty Pragas
Published: October 2020

Biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles has received a remarkable attention due to their eco-friendly and potential applications in pharmaceutical and medical fields. The searches for natural alternatives to replace biosynthetic nanoparticles have resulted in extensive studies of microalgal derived metal nanoparticles. Since there are very limited reports on Isochrysis sp. in synthesising metal nanoparticles, a novel initiative was taken to induce an environmentally friendly and low cost technique to biosynthesise the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using marine microalgae, Isochrysis sp. Further, the synthesised silver nanoparticles were screened against human pathogen for antimicrobial effects. The characterisation of nanoparticles were confirmed by UV visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The results obtained from characterisations indicate that the AgNPs have an almost spherical shape with a various size of 98.1 to 193 nm. The synthesised nanoparticles exhibited outstanding antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
OPTIMIZATION OF BORON REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION VIA ADSORPTION USING COMPOSITE BEADS OF MANGROVE BARK, ALGINATE AND ZEOLITE
Authors: Che Ku Mohd Che Ku Nur Aima , Ismail Mohd Halim Shah
Published: October 2020

The presence of boron beyond the allowable limit in water bodies can pose a dangerous risk to all living organisms. In order to increase the adsorption capacities of composite beads of mangrove bark, alginate and zeolite (MAZC) to remove boron from aqueous solution, pretreatment of mangrove bark using sodium hydroxide solutions at a temperature of 60°C was conducted. The surface characterizations of the beads were conducted using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett Teller (BET) and scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) before and after boron adsorption. The results showed that the BET surface area of MAZC beads increased due to modification of the mangrove bark during pretreatment process. The effects of pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage and contact time on the boron uptake were then evaluated using batch studies. It was found that the maximum adsorption of boron was 83.3% occurred at pH 5, 24 h contact time, 12 g of adsorbent dosage and at a temperature of 27°C. Thermodynamic studies indicated the spontaneous and exothermic nature of adsorption process. Langmuir isotherm model best described the experimental adsorption data with maximum adsorption capacities of 6.964 mg/g. The kinetic data were best described by the pseudo-second order model (R2 = 0.9998). These results indicate that the pretreatment of mangrove bark can optimize the removal of boron from aqueous solution.
ENZYMATIC PRODUCTION OF FRUCTOOLIGOSACCHARIDES FROM PHYTOENZYMES OF ANANAS COMOSUS WASTE BY USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY: ONE FACTOR
Authors: Nur Dini M.J. , Noormazlinah A. , Hamidi N.H. , Nurul Aini M.A. , Mimi Sakinah A.M. , Ali M.F.
Published: October 2020

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are low calorie sweeteners with prebiotic property which is widely used as functional food material.FOS can be produced by using phytoenzymes from Ananas comosus waste. Pineapple (Ananas comosus) fruits are available at most of Asean country. In this work, One Factor at A Time (OFAT) by Response Surface Method (RSM) using Design Expert version 7.0 have been applied to optimize the FOS concentrations by enzymatic reaction of sucrose with phytoenzymes from Ananas comosus waste. The studied variables were: temperature (30-90˚C), pH (3-9), time of reaction (10-120 minutes), sucrose concentrations (20%-80%w/v) and phytoenzymes concentrations (10%-100% w/v) of reaction correspondingly. As a result, an optimum condition FOS production was obtained are, time of reaction (100 minutes), temperature (60˚C), pH (5.5), sucrose concentration (60%w/v), and phytoenzymes concentration (30% w/v), respectively and producing 150.456 (g/ml).This investigation can be further extended to explore the prebiotic potential of synthesized FOS.
PEFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PETROCHEMICAL WASTEWATER FED AIR-CATHODE MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS USING YEAST BIOCATALYST
Authors: Sarmin Sumaya , Ideris Asmida , Chin Sim Yee , Chin Kui Cheng , Rahman Khan Md. Maksudur
Published: October 2020

This paper presents the performance of air-cathode microbial fuel cell (AC-MFC) treating the petrochemical wastewater (PCW) from acrylic acid plant. The wastewater which is typically incinerated and possesses very high chemical oxygen demand (COD) due to presence of acrylic acid along with other organic acids. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the viability of treating the wastewater using yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as biocatalyst in AC-MFC for simultaneous treatment of wastewater and electricity generation. This study demonstrates that Saccharomyces  cerevisiae could function as a good biocatalyst producing high power density of 0.24 W/m3 using PCW with an initial COD of 26,000 mg/L. The COD removal efficiency and the columbic efficiency (CE) were found as 38% and 23.6% respectively. The electron transfer process across the  electrode/biofilm/solution interface was analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The present work demonstrates the potential of MFC for the treatment of acrylic acid plant PCW using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as biocatalyst.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SHATKORA (CITRUS MACROPTERA) IN A TRAY DRYER : EFFECT ON DRYING KINETICS AND PRODUCT QUALITY
Authors: Uddin M. Rakib , Akter Syeada Nelima , Pervez Md Shahria , Munusamy Thurga Devi , Rahman Khan Md Maksudur
Published: October 2020

Citrus macroptera is a citrus fruit locally known as Shatkora and the fruit of this plant were used for various purposes especially for cooking and also as an odorant in perfume industries.In this research work, Shatkora peel was dried using a laboratory scale tray dryer. The experimental work was conducted at an inlet temperature of 40–60°C and velocities from 0.5–0.9 m/s. Besides, the thickness of the layer was varied between 2– 10 mm. The results demonstrated that the rate of drying was increased accordingly with rise in both air temperature and air velocity however a decreased in layer thickness was noticed. At high air temperature, moisture content of solid achieved equilibrium state within short period of time. On the other hand, moisture diffusivity of Shatkora was evaluated by applying Fick’s second law and the value was varied from 1.78 × 10-8 to 2.83 × 10-7. In  addition, activation energy was determined by using Arrhenius type relation and 19.70 kJ/mol was obtained.