bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Global Financial Crisis on Indian Handicrafts Exports: A Breakpoint Analysis
Authors: Jamir Imtinungsang
Published: September 2020

After the global economic downturn in 2007–2008, India’s export of principal commodities such as ores and minerals, engineering goods, projects goods and handicrafts products showed insignificant growth rate. The handicrafts sector has been given focal attention in the study due to its worrying insignificant growth and to exploit opportunities for exporters in the global market. This article, in an attempt to examine structural changes in exports of handicrafts product, performed the Chow breakpoint test by setting a break-up year to see if there has been a break in demand. This study contemplates and reflects how Indian handicrafts sector has surpassed its reputation among the diverse consumers in the global market after the global economic crisis and how government interventions have liberated the sector from middling growth to become a major contributor to world consumption. To make the subject more content and lucid to understand, this study has thoroughly accrued, reviewed and analysed several reports and trade data, and it culminates with some policy implication and suggestions to policymakers and entrepreneurs.
Redesigning Rewards for Improved Fairness Perception and Loyalty
Authors: Hareendrakumar V. R.  , Subramoniam Suresh , Nizar Hussain M.
Published: September 2020

Human resource (HR) managers are deeply concerned with redesigning the process and changing the practices, to accommodate with the psychological changes happening in employee attitudes to tap committed contributions from them. Literature shows that employees reward fairness perception has a determinant role in shaping employee behaviour in addition to Reward satisfaction. This study has made an attempt to assess the impact of rewards and its contributing factors on improving employee loyalty directly and through the mediating variable of reward fairness perception, indirectly. The study adapted the Total Reward Model of ‘Worldat work’ to test the assumptions related with total rewards and employee loyalty. The data collected from the sample is analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). The analysis revealed the explaining power and mediating effect of reward fairness perception in the relationship between total rewards and employee loyalty. The results show that enhancement of employee loyalty is possible by properly addressing employee’s reward fairness perception which is achieved through improved reward satisfaction. The results give clear indication to the HR managers about the need of redesigning the reward practice by incorporating employee reward fairness perception to optimize employee loyalty.
Book review: Surajit Chakravarty and Rohit Negi. Space, Planning and Everyday Contestations in Delhi
Authors: Mahadevia Darshini
Published: September 2020

Surajit Chakravarty and Rohit Negi. Space, Planning and Everyday Contestations in Delhi (New Delhi: Springer India), 2016. DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-2154-8. ISBN 978-81-322-2153-1; ISBN 978-81-322-2154-8 (eBook).
Best practices for performance of real-time PCR assays in veterinary diagnostic laboratories
Authors: Toohey-Kurth Kathy L. , Mulrooney Donna M. , Hinkley Susanne , Lea Killian Mary , Pedersen Janice C. , Bounpheng Mangkey A. , Pogranichniy Roman , Bolin Steve , Maes Roger , Tallmadge Rebecca L. , Goodman Laura B. , Crossley Beate M.
Published: September 2020

The exquisite sensitivity of in vitro amplification assays such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) requires the establishment of thorough and robust laboratory practices. To this end, an American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (AAVLD) committee of subject matter experts was convened to develop a set of best practices for performance of nucleic acid amplification assays. Consensus advice for the performance of preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical steps is presented here, along with a review of supporting literature.
A new generalization of the fractional Euler–Lagrange equation for a vertical mass-spring-damper
Authors: Baleanu Dumitru , Ullah Malik Zaka , Mallawi Fouad , Saleh Alshomrani Ali
Published: September 2020

In this new study, we investigate the motion of a forced mass-spring-damper in a vertical position. First, the classical Lagrangian as well as the classical Euler–Lagrange equation of motion are constructed. Then the fractional Euler–Lagrange equation is derived by extending the classical Lagrangian in the fractional sense. In this extension, a new form of the fractional derivative is employed including a general function as its kernel. The derived fractional Euler–Lagrange equation is then converted into a system of linear algebraic equation by designing an efficient matrix approximation approach. The numerical findings are reported verifying the theoretical investigations. According to the results, some remarkable thinks are achieved; indeed, the numerical simulations show that different aspects of the system under study can be explored with regard to the flexibility found in selecting the kernel contrary to the traditional fractional models.
Adaptive nonsingular proportional–integral–derivative-type terminal sliding mode tracker based on rapid reaching law for nonlinear systems
Authors: Goel Ankur , Mobayen Saleh
Published: September 2020

This article deals with a novel adaptive robust controller for uncertain nonlinear systems relying on a proportional–integral–derivative-type nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control. In this nonsingular proportional–integral–derivative-type terminal sliding mode controller nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control, the nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control sliding surface is modified with integral to match with the proportional–integral–derivative-type structure to obtain the essential attributes, namely, quick transient response, finite-time convergence, negligible steady-state error, and chattering cancellation. Furthermore, a novel rapid reaching law is also suggested with dynamic proof for providing the robustness during transient phase. The controller stability and convergence is mathematically analyzed using the Lyapunov theory. The overall control structure is simulated on MATLAB® software and tested for trajectory tracking of a two-degree-of-freedom revolute–prismatic joint industrial robotic manipulator. The rigorous test results show the performance efficacy of the innovative controller.
Healthcare failure mode and effect analysis in the chemotherapy preparation process
Authors: Pueyo-López Cristina , Sánchez-Cuervo Marina , Vélez-Díaz-Pallarés Manuel , Ortega-Hernández-Agero Teresa , Salazar-López de Silanes Esther Gómez de
Published: September 2020

Purpose

To conduct a Health Care Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (HFMEA) of the chemotherapy preparation process to identify the steps with the potential to cause errors, and to develop further strategies to improve the process and thus minimize the risk of errors.

Methods

An HFMEA was conducted to identify and reduce preparation errors during the chemotherapy preparation process. A multidisciplinary team mapped the preparation process, formally identified all the steps, and then conducted a brainstorming session to determine potential failure modes and their potential effects. A severity and probability score for each failure mode, a hazard score (HS) and a total HS were calculated. A hazard analysis was conducted for each HS equal to or more than 8. Finally, an action plan was identified for each failure mode. After the action plan was implemented, failure modes were revaluated and a new HS score was calculated as well as the percentage decrease in risk.

Results

The team identified five main steps in the chemotherapy preparation process and nine potential failure modes. After implementing the control measures, all the HSs decreased. The total HS associated with the chemotherapy preparation process decreased from 54 to 26 (-52%). This reduction in the total HS was mainly achieved by updating the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and implementing bar code and gravimetric control system.

Conclusion

The application of HFMEA to the chemotherapy preparation process in centralized chemotherapy units can be very useful in identifying actions aimed at reducing errors in the healthcare setting.
Can School Mental Health Providers Deliver Psychosocial Treatment Improving Youth Attention and Behavior in Mexico? A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of CLS-FUERTE
Authors: Haack Lauren Marie , Araujo Eva Angelina , Meza Jocelyn , Friedman Lauren M. , Spiess Madeline , Alcaraz Beltrán Dulce Karely , Delucchi Kevin , Mojardín Herladez Ambrocio , Pfiffner Linda
Published: September 2020

Background:

Despite well-established Evidence-Based Treatments (EBTs) for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), many low-resource settings lack EBT access.

Methods:

We conducted a school-clustered randomized controlled pilot of CLS-FUERTE (a multicomponent behavioral EBT adapted for children in Mexico) with 58 students. We randomly assigned four schools to receive CLS-FUERTE and four to receive school services as usual. We compared groups post-treatment on parent- and teacher-rated ADHD/ODD symptoms and impairment.

Results:

CLS-FUERTE fidelity, attendance, engagement, and acceptability was high and students receiving CLS-FUERTE showed greater improvement in teacher-rated ADHD, ODD, and impairment, as well as parent-rated ADHD and impairment, compared to students receiving usual services.

Conclusions:

Pilot results suggest that psychosocial EBTs can be successfully implemented by School Mental Health Providers in Mexico.
Reducing Theft of Petrified Wood at Petrified Forest National Park
Authors: Widner Carolyn J. , Roggenbuck Joseph
Published: September 2020

The theft of petrified wood from Petrified Forest National Park is the park's primary resource-protection problem. Several interventions to control theft currently exist in the park, yet an estimated 12 tons of wood disappear from the park each year. This study evaluated three interventions to reduce the theft of wood from the park. Tested interventions included a sign, a signed pledge, and a uniformed volunteer. A field experiment revealed that all three interventions significantly reduced theft of wood over control conditions. In addition, the interventions were not significantly different from each other in their effectiveness.
Article Commentary: Mixed Methods in Visitor Studies Research
Authors: Yalowitz Steven S. , Wells Marcella D.
Published: September 2020

In visitor studies, there has been some debate about the use of qualitative versus quantitative research methods. Many evaluators understand the advantages and disadvantages of both methods, but deciding on the most appropriate method can still be problematic. This article summarizes the tenets of both qualitative and quantitative methods and provides examples of visitor studies for each. It also reviews several research studies that have successfully used mixed methods to evaluate visitors.
Photographs as a Research Tool in Visitor Studies
Authors: Camp Betty Dunckel , Koran John J. , Koran Mary Lou
Published: September 2020

Photographs provide valuable descriptive data when used as a research tool. Studies in informal settings have used photographs taken by researchers and visitors to (a) document physical behavior and movement within the setting; (b) learn more about the setting visit and what was learned or remembered from the visit; (c) determine visitor satisfaction, interest, and exhibition impact; and (d) determine exhibition preferences of diverse groups. This article reviews how photographs have been used in informal settings, describes a study at the Florida Museum of Natural History in Gainesville that used photographs to examine student attention in exhibitions, and discusses the advantages of utilizing Visitor Employed Photography (VEP) as a research tool.
Article Commentary: Changing Images of African-American Women and Interpretation
Authors: Brown Audrey L.
Published: September 2020

Popular cultural images of African-American women can foster racial stereotyping and frame one's mental images of them in ways that impact the interpretive process. This paper addresses historical and contemporary stereotypes of African-American women, offering demographic and other information with which to refute them.
The Benefits of Naturalist-Led Interpretive Programs: Implications for User Fees
Authors: Morgan Mark , Absher James , Whipple Rob
Published: September 2020

The 1996 Recreation Fee Demonstration program allowed some federal resource management agencies to keep a portion of user fees generated on-site, instead of returning all revenue to the general treasury. Funded primarily through entrance, activity, parking, and interpretive fees, this legislation has been successful in reducing the maintenance backlog for participating agencies. However, it is unclear what effect user fees might have on visitors attending interpretive programs and the benefits that agencies might be receive from implementing this policy. A field experiment was conducted to measure the outcomes of a naturalist-led, fee-based canoeing program offered by the San Bernardino National Forest Association in southern California. Two hundred twenty-seven canoeists at Big Bear Lake answered questions about their trips during the summer of 1999. Results indicated that the naturalist not only increased visitors’ appreciation of the resource, but also enhanced their perceptions of U.S. Forest Service fee policies.
A Shared History? Presenting Australia's Post-Contact Indigenous Past
Authors: Batten Bronwyn
Published: September 2020

The colonial origins of museums have often influenced the ways in which they depict the past. In Australia, portrayals of the Indigenous past have focussed exclusively on “traditional life” or the prehistoric period of history, to the detriment of post-contact history. This paper examines ways in which museums around Australia are beginning to counter this trend. Museum exhibits that relate to Australia's shared, post-contact past are analyzed in the context of recent developments in museology. This analysis is combined with feedback generated from interviews with heritage professionals. The results suggest that in order to move towards inclusive interpretation of Australian history, multiple voices and perspectives of the past must be incorporated into interpretive programs. This paper argues that there are a variety of ways in which heritage interpreters can attempt to incorporate pluralist perspectives of the past into museum exhibits.
The State of Interpretation in Academia
Authors: Lackey Brenda K.
Published: September 2020

This research reports on how future heritage interpreters are being trained in academic institutions in North America. Faculty and instructors from 130 colleges and universities were asked about the skills taught, textbooks used, types of degrees offered, certification, and accreditation. Respondents were asked about challenges to the profession and ideas for improving the academic arm of the profession. Colleges who responded teach interpretation courses in various academic disciplines around the continent, suggesting some inconsistencies for potential students interested in a professional career in interpretation. Challenges to the profession are discussed regarding the needs of future professionals in the field of interpretation and the potential need for academics to improve marketing of the profession and to collaborate more with professionals in the field who are interested in hiring the latest pool of graduates from colleges and universities.
Measuring Passenger Satisfaction of Interpretive Programming on Two Amtrak Trains in the Midwest: Testing the Expectancy Disconfirmation Theory
Authors: Morgan Mark , Dong Xiaodan “Dani”
Published: September 2020

The National Park Service (NPS) developed a partnership with Amtrak in 1994 to offer interpretive programming for train passengers on selected routes. Since its inception, over 1.5 million passengers have attended nearly 60,000 presentations delivered by park rangers or trained volunteers. Onboard presentations create a unique opportunity for the NPS to interact with many individuals who are not traditional park visitors. For Amtrak, interpretation is a value-added service. The purpose of this study was to evaluate passenger satisfaction of NPS-led presentations on two trains in the Midwest during the summer of 2005. A field experiment was designed to compare the responses of passengers in treatment (n=72) and control (n=80) groups using expectancy disconfirmation theory. Passengers were satisfied with all aspects of the presentations, including interpreter characteristics, message quality, and program benefits.
A Systems-Based Interpretive Planning Model that Links Culturally Constructed Place Meanings and Conservation
Authors: Kohl Jon , Eubanks Ted
Published: September 2020

A principal function of heritage interpretation should be to link people and places in order to conserve those places. The motive to conserve does not arise only from within the interpretation field. Due to increasing urgency of biological and cultural heritage loss, the wider resource management field requires participation of all conservation-related tools, interpretation included. Any conceptual model concerned with integrating interpretation into conservation programs, then, must explain how interpretation's central elements of place meanings and audiences directly contribute to conservation. This paper, then, presents a conceptual interpretive planning model that involves audiences in place conservation by leveraging culturally constructed place meanings (in an interpretive framework) to promote desirable actions that meet conservation objectives found in a place's policy framework. It further describes how interpretive planning can facilitate people's natural process of constructing meaning, that when combined with appropriate place-based cultural narratives, interpretive media, and conservation knowledge, can result in audiences’ increased likelihood to participate in conservation.
From Interpretation to Protection: Is There a Theoretical Basis?
Authors: Ham Sam H.
Published: September 2020

Perhaps the most oft-cited phrase in all the interpretation literature is a sentence written by an anonymous U.S. National Park Service ranger in an obscure administrative manual a half century ago:

Through interpretation, understanding; through understanding, appreciation; through appreciation, protection.

When Freeman Tilden quoted the manual in Interpreting Our Heritage, little did he know that those few words would evolve into a philosophical orientation around which interpreters all across the globe would soon rally. In this article, Tilden's claim is reexamined in light of contemporary cognitive and social psychology. Does the chain of events Tilden describes really stand up, or is it just a nice, warm, and fuzzy phrase? Is there a substantiated theoretical basis for claiming that “interpretation” can create a kind of “understanding” that would indeed lead people to “protect” the places they visit? According to the weight of evidence from cognitive science, the answer is yes.
Improvisational Theater Games for Children in Park Interpretation
Authors: Macklin E. Kim , Hvenegaard Glen T. , Johnson Paul E.
Published: September 2020

With children increasingly disconnected from nature and much interpretation geared toward adults, agencies need age-appropriate techniques for children. Improvisational theater games use group-based role-playing to solve problems through dialogue and activity in a creative, spontaneous, supportive, and interactive atmosphere. This paper highlights children's enjoyment and perceived learning resulting from a new improvisation program in Banff National Park, Canada.

We thematically analyzed open-ended evaluations of an improvisation-dominated program. The activities enjoyed most included improvisation, because they involved fun, physical activity, creativity, challenge, and novelty. The least-enjoyed activities were physical activity games and an interpretive talk. Perceived learning was highest from an interpretive talk and nature walk and least from games focused on physical or group activities. Most perceived and desired learning related to natural history and park management topics. Despite being nontraditional and non-thematic, improvisation can contribute to children's enjoyment and perceived learning in park interpretive programs.
An Evaluation of the Impact of River Guide Interpretation Training on the Client's Knowledge and Interest regarding the Environment
Authors: Harrison Mandy , Banks Sarah , James Joy
Published: September 2020

This study assesses the impact of a Headwaters Institute seminar interpretation training on a river guide's client knowledge and interest regarding the environment. The experiences of clients of river guides who had participated in the training were compared to experiences of clients of river guides who had not participated in the training. Experience in this case was measured by increase in interest in and knowledge of the river environment pre- and post-rafting trip. Regardless of guide training, all clients’ interest in and knowledge of the environment showed significant increase after the rafting experience. However, clients of guides who had participated in the training had significantly higher increases than clients of guides who did not participate in the training. This study indicates that river guide participation in interpretation training can influence the client's knowledge and interest regarding the environment. This study indicates that the embedding of interpretive messages in settings that are not traditionally interpretation platforms can encourage interest in the natural environment in a wider population.
Evaluation of a Third-Generation Zoo Exhibit in Relation to Visitor Behavior and Interpretation Use
Authors: Moss Andrew , Esson Maggie , Francis David
Published: September 2020

This study, conducted over a four-year period at Chester Zoo in the UK, sought to evaluate the impact on visitor behavior and interpretation use that a transition from second- to third-generation zoo exhibit might affect. Visitors spent more time in the newer exhibit (even when allowing for relative floor area) and visitor time budgets suggest a high degree of visitor interaction with different exhibit elements. Specific interpretive elements were analyzed in detail, using quasi-quantitative methods in addition to more standard timing and tracking measures. From this, a proportional relationship between time and visitor engagement is proposed. Areas that were highlighted as under-performing during evaluation were retrofitted with simple, but highly visible, instructional signage and this was found to increase the proportion of visitors that stopped, and how long they stopped in a significant way.
As Good as the Real Thing? A Comparative Study of Interpretive Podcasts and Traditional Ranger Talks
Authors: Henker Karen B. , Brown Greg
Published: September 2020

This study compared the effectiveness of three interpretive formats: online podcasts, the same podcasts viewed at a park's visitor center (VC), and traditional ranger talks. Programs covered eight different topics but were all presented by the same interpreter. After viewing a program, visitors completed surveys assessing their emotional and intellectual responses and feelings of stewardship. Responses from talk participants were slightly stronger than those of both online podcast and VC podcast viewers for most indicators, especially smiles and intent to change behavior based on program content ( p ≤ .01). Online podcast responses were stronger than VC podcast responses, particularly for viewers’ enjoyment, smiles, and level of personal interest ( p ≤ .01). Podcasts viewed in the VC generated the weakest overall responses. Many of the differences between online podcast and ranger talk responses, though statistically significant, were not practically significant. These results provide initial empirical evidence to justify parks’ increasing investment in new media interpretation.
Why Do They Come? Understanding Attendance at Ranger-Led Programs in Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Authors: Stern Marc J. , Powell Robert B. , Hockett Karen S.
Published: September 2020

This study examines the perceptions of interpretive rangers and of the visiting public regarding explanations for attendance of ranger-led interpretive programs at Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Interpretive rangers’ perceptions about the most important barriers to program attendance were corroborated by park visitors and included a lack of awareness of the programs, insufficient time or inconvenient timing, and a preference for a more solitary park experience. While interpreters suggested that interest in a specific topic or place, the offering of a tangible reward or souvenir, and chance/serendipity would be the most consistently important predictors of attendance, surveys with park visitors suggested that desires to be entertained, a better chance to actually see the park's unique attractions, and a good group experience were more consistent motivators. This paper discusses recommendations for increasing interpretive program attendance and compares the value of collecting information about motivations for program attendance directly from visitors versus relying on ranger perceptions.
Visitor Evaluation of Night Sky Interpretation in Bryce Canyon National Park and Cedar Breaks National Monument
Authors: Mace Britton L. , McDaniel Jocelyn
Published: September 2020

Natural lightscapes are an important resource for parks and protected areas, including Bryce Canyon National Park and Cedar Breaks National Monument. Both locations offer night sky interpretive programs, attracting over 27,000 visitors annually, equaling all other interpretive programs combined. Parks need to understand what drives visitor interest and park managers need to assess if night sky interpretation is meeting expectations. A total of 1,179 night and day visitors to Bryce Canyon National Park and Cedar Breaks National Monument served as participants and completed a 36-item survey measuring knowledge, attitudes, benefits, and behaviors related to the night sky. Results show those who attended a night sky interpretive program gained a significant amount of knowledge about night sky issues. Both day and night visitors have strongly held attitudes about light pollution and the protection of the night sky in national parks.
The Role of Intrinsic Motivation in a Science Field Trip
Authors: Benton Gregory M.
Published: September 2020

A school principal enlisted state park interpreters to organize a series of science field trips to provide a natural environment for instruction, encourage interest in science, and improve exam scores. Students participated in activities one day a month for six months and took exams. Benchmark scores increased compared with the previous year's fifth graders in science. A non-experimental case study examined the emotional and intellectual impressions resulting from students’ experiences of field trip activities. Qualitative data included interviews with school faculty, park interpreters, and 93 students riding to and from the park. Students were asked: what was your favorite activity and why? The study found the elements of novelty, outdoors, touching animals, learning, exploring, (seeing) animals, and personalization to be linked to the factors of play, flow (optimal experience), and free-choice learning. Findings suggest that intrinsic motivation is an important aspect of student enjoyment of field trips.
What Leads to Better Visitor Outcomes in Live Interpretation?
Authors: Stern Marc J. , Powell Robert B.
Published: September 2020

We conducted a study to empirically isolate the factors that are most consistently linked with positive outcomes for the attendees of live interpretive programs. We examined the relationships between interpreter and program characteristics and three visitor outcomes—visitor satisfaction, visitor experience and appreciation, and intentions to change behaviors—across 376 programs in 24 units of the U.S. National Park Service. The analyses revealed a list of 15 characteristics associated with these outcomes across a wide range of program types and contexts. Some of these characteristics constituted commonly promoted practices in the interpretation literature (e.g., thematic communication, Tilden's principles, and appropriate organization). However, certain characteristics of the interpreter, in particular their confidence, passion, sincerity, and charisma, were also strongly correlated with positive visitor outcomes. We discuss the study's implications for both interpretive practice and future research.
Is it the Program or the Interpreter? Modeling the Influence of Program Characteristics and Interpreter Attributes on Visitor Outcomes
Authors: Powell Robert B. , Stern Marc J.
Published: September 2020

This study modeled the relative influence of program characteristics and interpreter attributes on three visitor outcomes (satisfaction, visitor experience and appreciation, and behavioral intentions) using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The three resulting models accounted for between 10% and 27% (R2) of the variance in the outcomes. The models suggest that both program and interpreter characteristics, as well as other unaccounted for factors, influence these outcomes. We discuss the implications of the findings for researchers and practitioners, calling for greater attention to both interpreter attributes and context.
Assessing the Needs of Interpreter Training in Japan
Authors: Yamada Naoko
Published: September 2020

This research attempted to identify the needs present in interpreter training in Japan. Interviews with trainers and interpreters, and questionnaires administered to interpreters were employed to explore (a) the skills and abilities necessary for successful interpreters and (b) the challenges that trainers may experience regarding interpretive training in Japan. The results showed both consistency and inconsistency in the perceptions of interpreters and trainers. Interpretive design, communication and public speaking, and risk management are core subjects recommended for future introductory-level training programs in Japan. Managerial and training skills are suggested for new types of training programs. Several challenges to interpreter training in Japan were also identified.
A Comparison of Traditional and Facilitated Dialogue Programs in Grand Teton National Park: An Evaluation for the Future of Interpretive Programs
Authors: Williams Pat Stephens , Darville Ray , McBroom Matthew
Published: September 2020

As part of finding their path for the next hundred years, the National Park Service is exploring diverse ways to engage the public and help create systemic changes in the way that the public interacts with each other. Facilitated dialogue in interpretive programs has been one of those ways. Traditionally, the public has embraced programming based on the expert and delivery, whereas the new direction leans toward an audience-centered, facilitated experience. To determine how this shift is affecting the experience related to interpretation in the parks, Grand Teton National Park (GRTE) conducted a study in 2015 and 2016. This multi-method study (this article presenting one slice) is based on the research model by Stern, et al (2012), which examined program and visitor characteristics among 56 live interpretive programs in Grand Teton National Park. Our goals were to compare traditional program with facilitated dialogue programs and to compare program characteristics over these two years. Findings indicate that traditional programs were significantly more attended than facilitated dialogue programs. However, when examining program characteristics, facilitated dialogue programs received significantly higher program evaluation scores than traditional programs. Adherence to the four-step Arc of Dialogue model was strongly and positively correlated with program characteristics.
The Development of Responsible Environmental Citizenship: A Critical Challenge
Authors: Hungerford Harold R.
Published: September 2020

Although this article should not be considered a research article, its content is based almost entirely on research into responsible environmental behavior. It looks at instructional practice in environmental education and some of the flaws associated with it. The research that guides successful curriculum development and instruction is briefly discussed, and inferences flowing from that research are stated and described. The article then describes what the author believes to be the critical educational components that must be in place if receivers are to become lifelong responsible decision makers in society. Following this is a discussion of what an instructional program would look like that can be predicted to lead to responsible citizenship action regarding important environmental issues.
Evaluating Visitors’ Reactions to Interpretation in Australian National Parks
Authors: Beckmann Elizabeth A.
Published: September 2020

Interpretive services are accepted elements of recreational experiences in natural areas. But what do we really know about the effectiveness of interpretation? By evaluating their services through well-planned visitor research, interpreters can better focus on enriching visitors’ experiences. This paper presents findings from three Australian studies into visitors’ reactions to interpretation. At Kakadu National Park, guided activities provided more immediate responses to visitors’ questions on Aboriginal art and culture than on-site signs, while a well-designed interpretive mural mitigated people's disappointment at visiting a wetland area when no birds were present. Two studies of guided activities in Victorian national parks showed that participants were neither the “converted” nor the “same old faces,” and that they valued the very elements that make guided interpretation so special. This paper also demonstrates how variety and innovation in evaluation techniques can enhance the quality of interpretation research.
Communicating with two Million Tourists: A Formative Evaluation of an Interpretive Brochure
Authors: Moscardo Gianna
Published: September 2020

Despite the widespread use of brochures in tourism, there is little published information on their effectiveness. This paper reports on a formative evaluation of a brochure designed to communicate messages about the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area to the estimated 2 million tourists who visit it each year. The study involved surveying 673 tourists about their knowledge of this unique natural environment. The use of the brochure was also examined under different distribution conditions. The results raised two issues of concern. First, the use of brochures as an interpretive tool may be problematic in settings where tourists are likely to experience brochures only as a form of promotion. Second, the main feature of the study brochure was a map, and it seemed that the map may have had too many levels of abstraction and hence created confusion. Despite these problems, most of those who read the brochure were positive in their evaluations.
Determinants of venous catheter hemodialysis onset and subsequent switch to arteriovenous fistula: An epidemiological study in Lazio region
Authors: Tazza Luigi , Angelici Laura , Marino Claudia , Di Napoli Anteo , Bossola Maurizio , De Cicco Carmine , Davoli Marina , Agabiti Nera
Published: September 2020

Background:

The factors associated with the inability to start hemodialysis with an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in chronic kidney disease patients are not fully understood.

Aim:

Evaluating factors associated with type of vascular access at the first chronic hemodialysis and at 1 year after it.

Methods:

The study cohort includes patients registered in the Regional Dialysis and Transplant Registry of Lazio undergoing first hemodialysis between 2008 and 2015. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between socio-demographic, clinical and care/organizational factors, and vascular access at first hemodialysis. Cox regression models were used to assess the odds of switching to AVF during the first year of hemodialysis among patients starting dialysis with central venous catheter (CVC).

Results:

In the cohort of 6208 incident hemodialysis patients, 52.7% had an AVF and 47.3% had a CVC. Among the 2939 incident patients with CVC, 27.4% switched to FAV after 1 year. A higher probability of starting dialysis with AVF was observed among males (OR = 1.83; 95% CI 1.63–2.06), while a lower probability was observed among patients aged >85 years (OR 0.64; IC 95% 0.51–0.80). Patients with early referral to a nephrologist had a triple probability of start dialysis with AVF. We observed a higher odds of switch to AVF among males (HR = 1.62; 95% CI 1.40–1.89) and a lower odds among patients over 65 years.

Conclusion:

The observed high rate of AVF at the start of hemodialysis and of the switch from CVC to AVF in the first year, although declining since 2008, is a positive outcome. However, over one-third of patients maintain the CVC as vascular access for the first year because of unmodifiable factors, such as gender, age, comorbidity. The present study suggests that logistics/management and assistance/welfare problems may contribute to the delay or lack of AVF placement in incident hemodialysis patients or within the first year of dialysis.
Campaign resources and pre-electoral coalitions
Authors: Silva Patrick Cunha
Published: September 2020

Why do parties form pre-electoral coalitions (PECs) in executive elections? The party of the executive candidate may welcome coalition partners because of the votes that they can deliver. However, PECs often include parties that bring few votes to the coalition. I theorize that parties with a candidate in the executive election welcome small parties because of the campaign resources that they bring to the PEC. I test this argument using data from mayoral elections in Brazil, where parties do not control access to advertisement on radio/TV. The results indicate that campaign resources increase the likelihood of being admitted to a PEC when the party without an executive candidate has few votes to offer.
Exiting Alcoholics Anonymous disappointed: A qualitative analysis of the experiences of ex-members of AA
Authors: Sally Glassman Hannah , Rhodes Paul , Buus Niels
Published: September 2020

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is an NGO designed to support anyone who identifies as alcoholic to stop drinking alcohol. Existing qualitative research in this field has primarily reflected the experiences of those who have conformed to AA ideology and had positive experiences in AA. To address this, the current study aimed to explore the perspectives and experiences of individuals who have left AA with some degree of disappointment. The study involved semi-structured interviews with 11 ex-members of AA from America, Australia, and England, who were recruited from several private social media platforms. The study used an interactionist conception of social career involving conversion and deconversion, and data were analyzed thematically. Findings included that while participants experienced some genuinely positive aspects of AA, they retrospectively believed that they remained in AA because they had been indoctrinated into a particular way of understanding themselves. Moreover, findings highlighted participants’ concerns with the people, ideology and practices within AA that ultimately led to their dissociation from the community. Our findings demonstrate a disparity between the idealistic principles in AA and the actual experiences of participants, and this is discussed in relation to the breadth of possible experiences across varying groups and AA’s unregulated peer-to-peer framework.
Cavitation erosion behavior of microwave-processed Ni–40Cr3C2 composite clads: A parametric investigation using ultrasonic apparatus
Authors: Mago Jonty , Bansal Sandeep , Gupta Dheeraj , Jain Vivek
Published: September 2020

Cavitation erosion is the primary cause of material failure of the hydroelectric power plant components. The rapid development in the advanced surface engineering techniques has provided an effective treatment solution for cavitation erosion. One such novel method is microwave cladding. Hence, the Ni–40Cr3C2 composite clad was deposited on austenitic stainless steel (SS-316) using a microwave cladding process in the present study. The processing was carried out in a domestic microwave oven of 2.45 GHz frequency and 900 W power. The developed clad was thoroughly characterized for the metallurgical and mechanical properties related to its behavior as a successful cavitation erosion resistance material, like microstructure, crystal structure, porosity, microhardness, flexural strength, and fracture toughness. The results showed that the stripe-type and agglomerated carbides were present in the Ni–40Cr3C2 clad. The developed composite clad consists of various carbides (SiC, Ni3C, Cr3Ni2SiC, Cr7C3, and NiC) and intermetallic phases (Ni3Fe, Ni2Si, and Cr3Si). Microhardness, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of the microwave-processed clad were observed to be 605 ± 80 HV0.3, 813.23 ± 16.2 MPa, and 7.44 ± 0.2 MPa√m, respectively. The microwave-processed composite clad performance in terms of cavitation erosion resistance was determined using the ultrasonic apparatus (ASTM-G32-17). The cavitation experiments were carried out according to Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, taking into account three parameters: standoff distance, amplitude, and immersion depth. The developed composite clad exhibited significant resistance (mass loss 7.6 times lesser as compared to SS-316) to cavitation erosion. ANOVA results showed the standoff distance as the most important factor followed by amplitude and immersion depth. Least cavitation resistance was observed at a smaller standoff distance, higher amplitude, and lower immersion depth. Linear regression equations were obtained to establish the correlation between parameters and cumulative mass loss. The microwave clad specimens tested at optimized test parameters were damaged in the form of fractured intermetallic, extruded lips, pits, and craters.
Priming Legality: Perceptions of Latino and Undocumented Latino Immigrants
Authors: McCabe Katherine T. , Matos Yalidy , Walker Hannah
Published: September 2020

Previous work has shown public opinion toward immigrants is malleable based on how immigrants are described in media and elite rhetoric. In a survey experiment on a nationally representative sample of American adults, we extend this research to test for possible priming effects that occur based on how salient documentation status is when respondents proffer opinions on Latino immigrants. Our findings show that when subjects are first asked about “undocumented Latino immigrants,” their attitudes toward “Latino immigrants,” appear more negative, relative to when they are first asked about “Latino immigrants” without invoking the legal modifier. Respondents channel their negative associations with “illegal” or “undocumented” immigration into their opinions of Latino immigrants writ large. The results have implications for political communication, media reporting on immigration, and policy debates, which frequently discuss both “legal” and “undocumented” immigration in the same context.
H2S attenuates oxidative stress via Nrf2/NF-κB signaling to regulate restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
Authors: Ling Ken , Zhou Wei , Guo Yi , Hu Guofu , Chu Jie , Xie Fen , Li Yiqing , Wang Weici
Published: September 2020

Restenosis after angioplasty of peripheral arteries is a clinical problem involving oxidative stress. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) participates in oxidative stress regulation and activates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). This study investigated the effect of H2S and Nrf2 on restenosis-induced arterial injury. Using an in vivo rat model of restenosis, we investigated whether H2S inhibits restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and the oxidative stress-related mechanisms implicated therein. The involvement of Nrf2 was explored using Nrf2-shRNA. Neointimal formation and the deposition of elastic fibers were assessed histologically. Inflammatory cytokine secretion and the expression of proteins associated with oxidative stress and inflammation were evaluated. The artery of rats subjected to restenosis showed increased arterial intimal thickness, with prominent elastic fiber deposition. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), an H2S donor, counteracted these changes in vivo. Restenosis caused a decrease in anti-oxidative stress signaling. This phenomenon was inhibited by NaHS, but Nrf2-shRNA counteracted the effects of NaHS. In terms of inflammation, inflammatory cytokines were upregulated, whereas NaHS suppressed the induced inflammatory reaction. Similarly, Nrf2 downregulation blocked the effect of NaHS. In vitro studies using aortic endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from experimental animals showed consistent results as those of in vivo studies, and the participation of the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway was demonstrated. Collectively, H2S played a role in regulating post-PTA restenosis by alleviating oxidative stress, modulating anti-oxidant defense, and targeting Nrf2-related pathways via nuclear factor-kappa B signaling.
Free as a BRD4: Bromodomain Inhibition Ameliorates Disease Phenotypes in a Model of MECP2 Deficiency and Is a Potential Therapy for Rett Syndrome
Authors: Lamar Kay-Marie Joan , Carvill Gemma L.
Published: September 2020

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Analysis of Blood DNA Methylation in Early-Life Seizures
Authors: Bahabry Rudhab , Lubin Farah D.
Published: September 2020

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An experimental study on the effect of tool geometry on tool wear and surface roughness in hard turning
Authors: Duc Pham Minh , Giang Le Hieu , Dai Mai Duc , Sy Do Tien
Published: September 2020

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of tool geometry (cutting edge angle, rake angle, and inclination angle) and to optimize tool wear and surface roughness in hard turning of AISI 1055 (52HRC) hardened steel by using TiN coated mixed ceramic inserts. The results show that the inclination angle is the major factor affecting the tool wear and the surface roughness in hard turning. With the increase in negative rake and inclination angles, the tool wear decreases, and the surface roughness increases. However, the surface roughness will decrease when the inclination angle increases to overpass a certain limit. This is a new and significant point in the research of the hard turning process. From this result, the large negative inclination angle (λ = −10°) should be applied to reduce the surface roughness and the tool wear simultaneously. With the optimal cutting tool angles in the research, the hard machining process is improved remarkably with decreases of surface roughness and tool wear 8.3% and 41.3%, respectively in comparison with the standard tool angles. And the proposed tool-post design approach brings an effective method to change the tool insert angles using standard tool-holders to improve hard or other difficult-to-cut materials turning quality.