bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated Hazard Identification (IHI): A Quick Accident Analysis and Quantification Method for Practitioners
Authors: Rashid Muhammad Imran , Athar Muhammad , Cheema Izzat Iqbal , Benhelal Emad
Published: March 2023

There are many techniques for hazard identification and are divided into shortcut, standard and advanced techniques. Among these, HAZOP and What-If techniques are mostly engaged by practitioners in the chemical process industry. Both of these have certain advantages and limitations, i.e., HAZOP is structured, and what-if covers broad range of scenarios. There is no hazard identification method, which can cover a broad range of scenarios and is structured in nature. For this purpose, a new technique namely integrated hazard identification (IHI) is proposed in this article that integrates HAZOP and What-If. The methodology is demonstrated via hazard identification study of urea synthesis section. Risk ranking is used to sort out the worst-case scenario. This worst-case scenario is further studied in detail for quantification that is performed using the ALOHA software. This quantification has assisted to detect ammonia concentrations in nearby control room and surroundings for worst-case scenario. It is revealed that if ammonia pump is not stopped within 10 minutes, concentration inside and outside the control room may reach to 384 ppm and 2630 ppm, compared to 1100 ppm (AEGL-3). Thus the proposed method would be easy, time saving and covers more details and would be handy for practicing engineers working in different chemical process industries.
Overview Of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: G. Usha kiran  , D.Yalla vali  , D. Yaswanth Shankar  , G. Lokesh  , P.Krishna Chaitanya  , S. Sujitha
Published: March 2023

PCOS, commonly known as hyperandrogenic anovulation, is a condition that affects women's ovaries. A frequent endocrine system illness that affects women of reproductive age is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), also known as hyperandrogenic anovulation (HA), or Stein-Leventhal syndrome (Evans and Riley, 1958). According to Stein and Leventhal (1935), it is a condition that develops on one or both ovaries when an estimated 10 tiny cysts with a diameter ranging from 2 to 9 mm and/or an ovarian volume greater than 10 ml are present. According to a systematic examination of women using National Institutes of Health (NIH) diagnostic criteria, 4–10% of women of reproductive age have PCOS. Recent research reveals that PCOS is a lifelong syndrome that first manifests during pregnancy, despite the fact that it was traditionally thought to be a disorder that only affected adult women. It is a syndrome that can be avoided by raising awareness among patients and healthcare professionals. Starting with its diagnosis, pathophysiology, repercussions, and treatment options, there are numerous areas of disagreement(1).
The role of flowers in the personalization of Christian funerals in Denmark
Authors: Christensen Henrik Reintoft
Published: March 2023

Flowers are a common element in Danish funerals. Drawing on fieldnotes, interviews and survey data on funeral practices in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark as well as theories of ritualization, meaning-making and practices, this article shows that flowers are not only a sine qua non in the funerals but are also used to make them more personal and to produce and reproduce social relations. Additionally, flowers are material objects and acquire their social meaning in the right ceremonial context. Outside this context they have no inherent meaning and might even obstruct the ceremony because, as physical objects, they have to be put somewhere in ceremonial space. Paradoxically, flowers are ubiquitous yet invisible.
Boric Acid Shows ER Stress and Apoptosis Mediated Anticancer Activity in Human Pancreatic Cancer MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 Cells
Authors: Eroglu Gunes Canan
Published: March 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmada borik asitin insan pankreas kanseri MIA PaCa-2 ve PANC-1 hücrelerinde endoplazmik retikulum (ER) stresi ve apoptoz aracılı antikanser etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereçler ve Yöntem: Borik asitin pankreas kanseri hücrelerinin canlılığı üzerine etkisi ve IC50 değeri XTT testi ve CompuSyn version 1.0 yazılımı kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Apoptotik, anti-apoptotik ve ER stresi ile ilişkili genlerin ifadesi belirlenmiştir. Borik asitin bu hücrelerin koloni oluşum kapasitesi üzerine etkisi ise koloni oluşum testi ile değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Borik asit zaman ve doz bağımlı olarak her iki hücre hattında da hücre canlılığını baskılamıştır. XTT testi sonucunda MIA PaCa-2 ve PANC-1 hücrelerinde borik asitin IC50 dozlarının sırasıyla 15707,5 ve 14248,8 μM olduğu bulunmuştur. Borik asitin her iki hücre hattında da apoptoz ile ilişkili genlerden BAX, CASP3, CASP8, CYCS ve FAS genlerinin ifadelerini anlamlı derecede arttırdığı gözlenmiştir. PANC- 1 hücrelerinde CASP9 ve FADD genlerinin ifadeleride anlamlı derecede yükselmiştir. Borik asitin her iki hücre hattında da ER stresi ile ilişkili ATF4, HSP47 ve XBP1 genlerinin ifadesini istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede arttırdığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca borik asit muamelesi sadece PANC-1 hücrelerinde ATF6, CHOP ve EIF2A ifadelerini anlamlı derecede arttırmıştır. MIA PaCa-2 hücrelerinde ise borik asit GRP78 gen ifadesinin istatistiksel olarak artmasına neden olmuştur. Koloni oluşum testi sonuçları borik asitin her iki hücre hattında da koloni oluşum kapasitelerinin anlamlı derecede baskılandığını göstermiştir.
Sonuç: Borik asit her iki insan pankreas kanseri hücrelerinde hücre canlılığı ve koloni oluşumunu azaltmış olup apoptoz ve ER stresi ile ilişkili genlerin ifadesini değiştirmiştir. Bu bulgular, borik asitin insan pankreas kanseri hücrelerinde ER stresi ve apoptoz aracılı antikanser etkisini göstermektedir.
Mindfulness and tourism: The case of Madurese cultural heritage sites
Authors: Suryandari Nikmah , Rahmawati Farida Nurul
Published: March 2023

Mindful tourists are able to appreciate and understand heritage sites better than those who are mindless. Mindfulness is a concept that helps tourists build interpretations that will improve the quality of the experience and create a sustainable relationship between tourists and heritage sites. Mindful travellers are those who are actively engaged with interpretations of heritage sites that result in greater learning and understanding. In contrast, a mindless individual is one who follows a routine, pays limited attention to what he does and is stuck in a rigid mindset. Thus, this study aims to identify, build and validate measures of mindfulness in the context of cultural heritage tourism. This research uses quantitative research methods and is carried out in the Madura region which has cultural heritage tourism potential. The question items used to measure mindfulness were developed based on an extensive review of past literature. The data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires to 150 local Madurese and non-Madurese tourists.. The results revealed from this study show four different factors in measuring mindfulness, namely curiosity and attention, alertness, emotional involvement and openness and flexibility. The findings derived from this study offer new insights in understanding the concept of mindfulness
FAKTOR- FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN TUNAI
Authors: Santikah Amanda , Syahzuni Barlia Annis
Published: March 2023

Latar Belakang: Kebijakan dividen akan mempengaruhi keputusan investor untuk mempertimbangkan investasi yang akan dilakukan. Sehingga, kebijakan dividen termasuk isu yang sensitif, oleh karenanya manajemen harus sangat berhati hati terkait keputusan pembagian dividen, serta dividen yang akan didistribusikan untuk menjaga kepercayaan para pemegang saham. Tentunya hal ini bergantung pada hal - hal yang mempengaruhi kebijakan dividen.

Tujuan: untuk menganalisis kebijakan dividen dipengaruhi oleh faktor – faktor yang dapat mempengaruhinya seperti Free Cash Flow, leverage, profitabilitas, ukuran perusahaan serta pertumbuhan aset.

Metode Penelitian: Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling, yakni dilaksanakan pada sektor property  & real estate yang terdaftar pada bursa efek Indonesia tahun 2016-2020 dan diperoleh sebanyak 8 perusahaan yang memenuhi kriteria selama periode penelitian. Adapun pada penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda yang diolah menggunakan aplikasi SPSS.

Hasil Penelitian: kebijakan dividen dipengaruhi oleh free cash flow secara positif, kebijakan dividen dipengaruhi oleh leverage secara negatif, kebijakan dividen dipengaruhi oleh profitabilitas secara positif, kebijakan dividen dipengaruhi pertumbuhan aset secara negatif, kebijakan dividen dipengaruhi oleh ukuran perusahaan secara positif.

Keaslian/Kebaruan Penelitian: merupakan penelitian yang meneliti tentang kebijakan deviden tunai pada sektor property & real estate yang terdaftar pada bursa efek Indonesia tahun 2016-2020
Kata kunci: Kebijakan Dividen, Free Cash Flow, Leverage, Profitabilitas, Pertumbuhan Aset, dan Ukuran Perusahaan
PENGARUH TIPE INDUSTRI, MEDIA EXPOSURE DAN KINERJA LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN EMISI KARBON
Authors: Loru Trifonia Sumelan
Published: March 2023

Latar Belakang: Wacana tentang perubahan iklim menjadi salah satu fenomena global dan menjadi masalah besar terkait emisi karbon perusahaan. Hal ini tentunya menimbulkan kegelisahan di kalangan masyarakat dan dunia bisnis. Karena itu, perlu gerakan global untuk mengantisipasi perubahan iklim yang dapat mengancam kelangsungan umat manusia. Upaya pelaku usaha dalam hal ini perusahaan, salah satunya dengan melakukan pengungkapan emisi karbon.

Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh tipe industri, media exposure dan kinerja lingkungan yang menjadi varibel independen terhadap pengungkapan emisi karbon yang menjadi variabel dependen.

Metode Penelitian: Merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pengujian hipotesis. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data kuantitatif, sedangkan populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2018. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 87 perusahaan yang dipilih dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling.

Hasil Penelitian: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tipe industri, media exposure dan kinerja lingkungan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap tingkat pengungkapan emisi karbon.

Keaslian/Kebaruan Penelitian: Merupakan penelitian yang meneliti tentang pengungkapan karbon pada industry manufaktur dengan menggunakan data 2016-2018

Kata kunci: tipe industri, media exposure, kinerja lingkungan dan pengungkapan emisi karbon.
Verwaltungsakte und andere Handlungsformen der Verwaltung als Instrument zur Bekämpfung einer Pandemie in Deutschland
Authors:   Korean Public Land Law Association, Jan Ziekow
Published: March 2023

In nunmehr über zweieinhalb Jahren Pandemie hat sich gezeigt, dass das IfSG in seinen Rechtsgrundlagen sowie die auf dieser Grundlage ergangenen Rechtsverordnungen immer weiter ausdifferenziert und konkreter wurden. Dagegen existierten zu Beginn der Pandemie nur wenige Rechtsgrundlagen, was im Hinblick auf die weitgehenden, grundrechtsrelevanten Eingriffe vor allem Probleme mit dem Bestimmtheitsgebot und dem Wesentlichkeitsgrundsatz hervorrief. Die heute gültigen Rechtsgrundlagen für den Erlass von Rechtsverordnungen und Verwaltungsakten zur Pandemiebekämpfung gelten aufgrund der vor dem Hintergrund der länger andauernden Pandemielage erfolgten Gesetzesänderungen nicht mehr so weit wie noch zu Pandemiebeginn. Im Hinblick auf Rechtsverordnungen und Allgemeinverfügungen als zentrale Instrumente zur Pandemiebekämpfung ist trotz des verschwimmenden Grenzbereichs dieser Handlungsformen vor dem Hintergrund der Reichweite und des Rechtsschutzes zu unterscheiden. Fehlt die Einzelfallbezogenheit einer Allgemeinverfügung, ist sie bereits deswegen rechtswidrig, da sie als Rechtsverordnung hätte erlassen werden müssen. Vor allem aber müssen die Bekämpfungsmaßnahmen sich neben der Vereinbarkeit mit den Grundrechten und dem Bestimmtheitsgebot am Grundsatz der Verhältnismäßigkeit messen lassen. Man kann sagen, dass sowohl Rechtssetzung als auch Rechtsprechung Wellenbewegungen unterworfen waren, je nachdem wie die pandemische Lage eingeschätzt wurde. Perspektivisch einzuschätzen ist, dass sich die strengen Maßnahmen von 2020 und 2021 so nicht mehr wiederholen werden.
A Study on Public Assistance Legislation in Taiwan
Authors:   Korean Public Land Law Association, Baek Yun-Chul , Jung Sung-Bum
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to redefine the significance of social security rights under the constitution, stipulate them at the time of constitutional amendment, and strengthen them as a welfare state. To this end, the significance of social security rights under the Constitution is specified, the basic law on social security rights embodied under the Constitution is reviewed, and social security is classified into five categories: social insurance, public assistance, and social services. Korea is a constitutional welfare state, so it is the subject of the state's obligation to provide social security, and the people have the right to social security as a basic right to demand it from the state, but it is not stipulated by the current constitution. It is not currently stipulated in the Constitution, but the constitutional social security right is stipulated by the current law in the Framework Act on Social Security, and one of these social security, public assistance, is emerging as a problem in Korean society, and it is a meaningful discussion to look at Taiwan's public assistance and its implications.
A Constitutional Study on the Guarantee of Human Dignity and Housing
Authors:   Korean Public Land Law Association, Lee Sun Hee , Kim Sang-Kyum
Published: March 2023

Humans are dignified not because they are human, but because they are humane. To be human, you must have dignity as a human being. Human dignity refers to the evaluation of human beings based on their character. Regarding human dignity, the Constitution stipulates human dignity and value in Article 10 and guarantees them as basic rights. Human dignity and value as stipulated by the Constitution refers to human dignity, which refers to the evaluation of human beings as independent individuals. Human dignity is the highest value and the highest principle in the Constitution. In human dignity, human beings are not isolated subjective individuals, but are meant to recognize the independent value of individuals in a community, and human beings in the relationship between humans and the national community. The human dignity guaranteed by the Constitution is an objective standard, which means the goal and task of the state to realize it. Human dignity under the Constitution is not only an individual right, but also a task and duty of the state. In order for human beings to be dignified, the guarantee of humanity based on personality must be premised. The Constitution stipulates the right to lead a humane life in Article 34, Paragraph 1 as social rights. The constitutional right to live a humane life can be specifically guaranteed to the state through the duty to promote social security and social welfare. Human dignity under the Constitution should be seen as guaranteed on the premise of human life. If a human life means living like a human being. The basics of human life can be said to be the solution to food, clothing, and shelter. Food, clothing and shelter are basic conditions for human beings to lead a life in a national community. In terms of food, clothing and shelter, the guarantee of housing life is different from food and clothing, and economic ability is required. Korea enacted the Housing Act to guarantee the right to housing as a right. However, the right to housing is a condition to guarantee human dignity for a human life, but it is not guaranteed unconditionally. Since the guarantee of the right to housing means a guarantee in residential life, it is necessary to guarantee a humane life. The Constitution does not explicitly stipulate the right to housing. However, internationally, the right to housing is recognized as a human right, and the view to view the right to housing as a fundamental right under the Constitution is spreading. However, there is still controversy over whether the right to housing can be a fundamental right. Nevertheless, a more practical guarantee is needed in that efforts to guarantee the right to housing
emprego da rede social Instagram com foco na apresentação de Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso
Authors: Morel Laura Lourenço , Silva Lucas Jardim da , Chaves Eduardo Trota , Damian Melissa Feres , Martos Josué
Published: March 2023

Relata-se a experiência de utilização da plataforma Instagram na criação e disseminação de conhecimento com foco na apresentação de Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso (TCC) por acadêmicos de graduação em Odontologia. Foi realizado um relato descritivo da veiculação de conteúdo na rede social Instagram, por meio do perfil @powerpoint.tcc. O conteúdo foi produzido por uma acadêmica de graduação em Odontologia, com o apoio de discentes e docentes envolvidos em apresentações científicas e acadêmicas. Foram realizadas postagens frequentes abordando diversas temáticas relacionadas ao tema apresentação de TCC. Foram elaborados materiais variados em formato de posts, destacando-se o uso do software PowerPoint para a criação de apresentações; oratória, postura e linguagem; além de informações sobre apresentação de dados de forma atrativa e interessante. Os formatos das postagens realizadas foram aqueles disponíveis na plataforma Instagram: posts no feed, reels, story, vídeos no IGTV, além de lives da própria conta ou em contas parceiras. A periodicidade das postagens temáticas foi de pelo menos uma a cada dois dias. A avaliação de alcance e entrega do conteúdo foi obtida por meio das métricas disponibilizadas no próprio aplicativo da rede social. Observou-se grande interesse sobre a temática abordada, uma vez que as apresentações científicas e acadêmicas são habituais para os acadêmicos de graduação. Conclui-se que a experiência prática de utilização da plataforma Instagram para criação e transmissão de conhecimentos com foco nos TCCs mostrou-se extremamente promissora e propositiva.
Analysis of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) and Ammonia (NH3-N) Levels in Textile Liquid Waste
Authors: Jayaning Ratri Sih , Mahayana Argoto
Published: March 2023

Textile liquid waste is waste from textile operations that contains high organic and inorganic elements. Organic and inorganic elements may pollute the environment if dumped straight into water. The breakdown of organic and inorganic elements in water by microorganisms produces a very poisonous chemical called Ammonia (NH3), which causes high TSS levels owing to the buildup of organic and inorganic materials. TSS levels in textile wastewater A were determined using the gravimetric technique, which involves weighing the suspended precipitate after it has been filtered using a vacuum pump and dried in an analytical oven. To determine Ammonia levels, the sample’s Ammonia would react with Hypochlorite from Sodium Hypochlorite and Phenol reagent solutions, then be catalyzed by Sodium Nitroprusside to produce indophenol blue compounds, which were detected by UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 640 nm. TSS was 10,84 mg/l and Ammonia was 0,34 mg/l in textile wastewater sample A. This result satisfies the textile wastewater quality criteria set out in the Republic of Indonesia Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P. 16/ MENLHK/ SETJEN/ KUM. 1/ 4/ 2019 TSS limit of 50 mg/l and Ammonia maximum of 8,0 mg/l.

Abstrak Limbah cair tekstil adalah limbah cair yang berasal dari beberapa proses di industri tekstil yang mengandung bahan organik dan anorganik yang tinggi. Adanya bahan organik dan anorganik ini dapat menyebabkan pencemaran terhadap lingkungan jika dibuang langsung ke perairan. Di perairan bahan organik dan anorganik akan mengalami proses dekomposisi oleh mikroba sehingga menghasilkan produk yang sangat toksik yaitu Amonia (NH3) serta menyebabkan kadar TSS di perairan menjadi tinggi akibat terakumulasinya bahan organik dan anorganik. Penentuan kadar TSS pada limbah cair tekstil A dilakukan dengan metode gravimetri yaitu dengan cara menimbang endapan tersuspensi yang sudah disaring dengan pompa vakum dan dikeringkan dengan oven analitik sampai diperoleh bobot konstan. Penentuan kadar Amonia dilakukan dengan metode spektrofotometri secara fenat yaitu Amonia yang berasal dari sampel akan bereaksi dengan Hipoklorit yang berasal dari larutan pereaksi Natrium Hipoklorit dan Fenol kemudian dikatalisis oleh Natrium Nitroprusida membentuk senyawa biru indofenol yang dideteksi dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 640 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sampel limbah cair tekstil A memiliki kadar TSS sebesar 10,84 mg/l dan Amonia sebesar 0,34 mg/l. Hasil ini memenuhi syarat baku mutu air limbah tekstil menurut Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia No. P.16/MENLHK/ SETJEN/ KUM. 1/ 4/ 2019 Tentang Baku Mutu Air Limbah yaitu maksimal 50 mg/l untuk TSS dan maksimal 8,0 mg/l untuk Amonia.
Design of Fuzzy PI Controller for Voltage Regulation in DC Micro-Grid
Authors: Nishanthi B  , Dr. Kanakaraj K  , Sinthana S D
Published: March 2023

Efficiency, standard and security of a micro-grid can be tested by measuring the voltage regulation in the DC bus. Photovoltaic micro-grid are prone to time invariant and non-linearity due to variation in solar irradiance. Energy storage device is incorporated to overcome such variations. Traditionally using PI controllers, we can control the charging and dis-charging of battery which only regulates voltage in the bus but it fails to control the fluctuations in the DC bus. Therefore, Fuzzy PI controller is proposed in this paper where it employs the intelligent controlling method thereby reducing the fluctuations in the DC bus.
Keywords—Fuzzy, PI, Fuzzy-PI, DC-micro-grid, closed loop control, voltage regulation.
Evaluation of a Pain Identification and Treatment Training for Medical Students Based on the “Good Medical Practice” Framework
Authors: RUMELİ ATICI Şebnem , GAZİOĞLU TÜRKYILMAZ Gülçin
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a pain identification and treatment training program for medical students based on the “good medical practice” framework.

Methods: A questionnaire was used to collect data from a total of 732 students who received the 3-day pain identification and treatment training held by the algology department between 2014 and 2021. The questionnaire included 8 questions about the definition of pain, types of pain, assessing pain, treatment methods and analgesic drugs. The students completed the questionnaire in person before training and 3 months after the training. A total of 732 pre-training and 230 post-training questionnaires were included in the analysis.

Results: Correct response rates before and after the training, respectively, were 11.3%(n=83) and 77.4%(n=178) for knowing which nerve fibers conduct pain; 22.3%(n=163) and 74.8%(n=172) for knowing what “VAS” stands for; 76%(n=556) 90.4%(n=208) for giving correct examples of chronic pain; 6.3%(n=46) and 63.5%(n=146) for knowing what the World Health Organization’s analgesic ladder is; and 24.8%(n=178) and 87.7%(n=202) for giving correct examples of strong opioid analgesics (p
There is a need for more precise models to assess the determinants of health crises like COVID-19
Authors: Rovetta Alessandro
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on global mortality. While the causal relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and the anomalous increase in deaths is established, more precise and complex models are needed to determine the exact weight of epidemiological factors involved. Indeed, COVID-19 behavior is influenced by a wide range of variables, including demographic characteristics, population habits and behavior, healthcare performance, and environmental and seasonal risk factors. The bidirectional causality between impacted and impacting aspects, as well as confounding variables, complicates efforts to draw clear, generalizable conclusions regarding SARS-CoV-2 behavior and the cost-benefit ratio of non-pharmaceutical health countermeasures. Thus, it is imperative that the scientific community and health authorities worldwide develop comprehensive models not only for the current pandemic but also for future health crises. These should be implemented locally to account for micro-differences in epidemiological characteristics that may have relevant effects or, at least, to quantify the impact of the uncertainties. For instance, at present, it is not meaningful to compare the situations of different states. It is important to note that the lack of a universal model does not imply that local decisions have been unjustified, and the request to decrease scientific uncertainty does not mean denying the evidence of the effectiveness of the countermeasures adopted. Therefore, this paper must not be exploited to denigrate either the scientific community or the health authorities. In this regard, the author of this letter expresses their solidarity with the victims of the COVID-19 pandemic phenomenon and with those who made great responsibility decisions disposing only of limited and uncertain data during a period of extreme social tension.
Differential expression of PLPP3 in colorectal cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2023

Cancer is a leading cause of death and colorectal cancer is among the most lethal cancers (1, 2). We mined public microarray datasets (3, 4) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding phospholipid phosphatase 3, PLPP3, when comparing colorectal tumors to the tissue of origin, the colon. PLPP3 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the colon as compared to normal colorectal tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of PLPP3 in rectal tumors was correlated with overall survival in patients with rectal cancer. PLPP3 expression changes may be important for the initiation or progression of human CRC.
Lay Theories of Place Effects
Authors: Borwein Sophie , Lucas Jack , Anderson Cameron
Published: March 2023

Combining research in political geography and social psychology, this paper inves- tigates lay theories of “place effects” – that is, ordinary citizens’ beliefs about the effects that urban or rural places have on the individuals who live in them. We do so using a novel survey vignette embedded in a large-scale survey of the Canadian public. Our results suggest that (a) citizens see rural identities as less malleable than urban identities, (b) lay theories of place effects depend on citizens’ own place identities, and (c) lay theories of place effects are stronger for non-political than for political place-based characteristics. We also find that lay theories of place effects are associated with individual-level characteristics that are connected to cosmopolitan-communitarian divides, such as ideology and post-secondary educa- tion. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our findings for the growing literature on urban-rural divides and for research on citizens’ implicit the- ories of places and their political consequences.
Living with Cancer: genetics, a review
Authors: Saiman Monghy
Published: March 2023

Living with Cancer: Coping Strategies and Support
Zat Gizi Makro
Authors: Winda Nur
Published: March 2023

Zat gizi makro merupakan zat gizi yang diperlukan oleh tubuh dalam jumlah yang besar, karena berfungsi sebagai sumber energi bagi tubuh manusia. Zat gizi makro ini meliputi karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak.
Differential expression of CLCA4 in colorectal cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2023

Cancer is a leading cause of death and colorectal cancer is among the most lethal cancers (1, 2). We mined public microarray datasets (3, 4) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding chloride channel accessory 4, CLCA4, when comparing colorectal tumors to the tissue of origin, the colon. CLCA4 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the colon as compared to normal colorectal tissue. CLCA4 expression changes may be important for the initiation or progression of human CRC.
MRI noise and auditory health: Can one hundred scans be linked to hearing loss? The case of the Courtois NeuroMod project
Authors: Fortier Eddy , Bellec Pierre , Boyle Julie A. , Fuente Adrian
Published: March 2023

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most commonly used tools in neuroscience. However, it implies exposure to high noise levels. Exposure to noise can lead to temporary or permanent hearing loss, especially when the exposure is long and/or repeated. Little is known about the hearing risks for people undergoing several MRI examinations, especially in the context of longitudinal studies. The goal of this study was to assess the potential impact of repeated exposure to MRI noise on hearing in research participants undergoing dozens of MRI scans. As part of the Courtois NeuroMod project, six participants were scanned up to twice a week with the use of hearing protection. Their hearing was tested periodically, over a period of 1.5 years. First, baseline pure-tone thresholds and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) amplitudes were acquired before the beginning of this study. Hearing tests were then scheduled immediately before/immediately after a scan and with a delay of two to seven days after a scan. Pure-tone thresholds and DPOAE amplitudes showed no scanner noise impact right after the scan session when compared to the values acquired right before the scan session. Pure-tone thresholds and DPOAE amplitudes acquired in the delayed condition and compared to the baseline showed similar results. These results suggest an absence of impact from MRI noise exposure. Overall, our results show that intensive longitudinal MRI studies likely do not cause hearing damage to participants when they properly utilize adequate hearing protection.
Reassessing the Theory and Measures of Non-Voting Political Participation in the American Electorate
Authors: Fitz Erin B. , Saunders Kyle L.
Published: March 2023

Political participation scholarship often relies on conventional measures of non-voting activities and overlooks differences in voting and non-voting behavior. We call for a more contemporaneous account of non-voting political participation (NVP) and reevaluation of the theory regarding who engages in NVP. Using data from the 2020 American National Election Studies (ANES) survey (N=8,280), we develop an updated NVP scale and confirm NVP is more associated with ideology than partisanship. We also show that the probability of voting among weaker partisans and Independents is conditional on NVP. We replicate these findings with data from the 2020 Cooperative Election Study (N=61,000) and 1992-2020 ANES surveys (N=18,157), and conclude these patterns are not contingent on any specific NVP activity or unique to the 2020 election. The implication is that NVP can serve an important ideological function for those who do not identify with one of the two major political parties.
The Effect of Noise on Implementation and Maintenance of Clear Speech and Associated Cognitive Load: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ishikawa Keiko
Published: March 2023

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to investigate 1) how different types of background noise and their information content affect speakers' ability to implement and maintain clear speech, a common speech production technique, and 2) how the presence of background noise and the use of clear speech affect the cognitive load of speakers, as indicated by the self-rating of mental demand and pupillometry.Methods: Five adult females read sentences in habitual speech and clear speech under four different noise conditions: quiet, two-talker multi-talker noise (MT noise), reversed multi-talker noise (RevMT noise), and speech-shaped noise (SS noise). The participants rated their perceived level of cognitive effort for each speaking condition, and pupillometry was used to measure the cognitive effort during the tasks. The speakers’ ability to implement and maintain clear speech was evaluated using a two-part listening experiment with 48 listeners.Results: Clear speech produced in noise was more successfully implemented than clear speech produced in quiet. However, none of the speakers was able to maintain clear speech in a quiet environment. The maintenance of clear speech was significantly affected by the type of noise, with MT noise being the most detrimental. The self-rating of mental demand was also significantly affected by the presence of noise but not by the use of clear speech. The pupillometry results revealed that the cognitive load associated with speech production varied depending on the noise condition and speech style, with MT noise inducing the highest cognitive load.Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the effect of background noise on speech production is complex and multifaceted. The information content of noise significantly affects the cognitive load associated with speech production, and the type of noise affects the ability of speakers to maintain clear speech. Additionally, pupillometry may provide valuable insights into the cognitive demands of speech production.
Produced and counterfactual effort contribute to responsibility attributions in collaborative tasks
Authors: Xiang Yang , Landy Jenna , Cushman Fiery Andrews , Vélez Natalia , Gershman Samuel J.
Published: March 2023

How do people judge responsibility in collaborative tasks? Past work has proposed a number of metrics that people may use to attribute blame and credit to others, such as effort, competence, and force. Some theories consider only the produced effort or force (individuals are more responsible if they produce more effort or force), whereas others consider counterfactuals (individuals are more responsible if some alternative behavior on their or their collaborator's part could have altered the outcome). Across four experiments (N = 717), we found that participants’ judgments are best described by a model that considers both produced and counterfactual effort. This finding generalized to an independent validation data set (N = 99). Our results thus support a dual-factor theory of responsibility attribution in collaborative tasks.
Implications of Geopolitics in International Diplomacy
Authors: Gautam Gunanath
Published: March 2023

Almost all the nations in the world by virtue of their sovereignty, independence and feeling of nationalism tend to capitalize their potentialities for the benefits of their nations, citizens, economy and boost up production and power in the global context, respecting the territorial integrity and independence for the co-existence and sustainability. Each nation at the utmost level ponders over their wellbeing of its people and hegemony in the international political trauma either for economic, political, social, political or commercial gains. The Russia-Ukraine conflict and the doomed relation that developed between China and Taiwan in the international relationship is the dirty politics engraving the international peace and prosperity in the world. The foul game played by the power-hungry nations to the dominated and weak nations ate internationally condemned which is against the international laws in diplomatic procedure.
Decentralized School Management in Government Schools in Nepal: Policy for Quality Improvement
Authors: Paudel Janardan , Pokharel Anil Kumar
Published: March 2023

This research article gives a holistic view of the status of school management committee in our country. Education is one of the basic needs of human beings which has brought changes all over the world. Today, we are around the formal schooling system for which school level is the first step. We are also in the hold of globalization of education and social structure for which we have to compete globally for employment. In such situation, the system and management of education should be of global standard. School management has been a kind of burning issue at the present situation in education system. The state has to follow the trends of decentralization of education. But in Nepal, there is fully centralized education system. Due to this reason, it is thought that the state is the only responsible body for overall education sector. The SMC members are not fully authentic bodies in Nepalese schools. They have no more interest about the problems related to school. They are mostly politically related and also there is absence of true guardianship of SMC members. Most of the SMC members' children do not study in public schools but they are selected with political sources. As a whole school management committee has not supported for the improvement of teaching learning activities. They have no any plan to raise funds and support the school. Most of the children in public schools are also from lower class people. The guardians also cannot support their children by providing necessary things. As a consequence, the SLC result of public schools is very poor except some rare cases. SMC members are not found capable of taking management responsibility of schools. The state also has not fixed any criteria to become SMC members. This research study has found clear obstacle in education system of the politicalized group in management sector. Political interference should not be given emphasis and priority in education sector. Moreover, politics in education sector should be strongly discouraged to make public sector responsible towards school management in public schools in Nepal. This research study tries to reply the research question “What type of management at schools should be developed to improve the quality of education?” The general objective of this study is to analyse the overall status of the school management committee (SMC) in public schools in Nepal.
Nepalese and Indian Foreign Policy and International Relations
Authors: Karky Jant Raj
Published: March 2023

The relationship between and among the foreign political units of the world waite since the establishment of modern state system (1648 Westphalia treaty). With the development of science and technology (sophisticated arms, means of transportation and communication) international relation has been highly complex. Likewise, modernism also has dragged international relation towards vagueness. International relations is a phenomena emerged with the creation of nation states. The development of nation states itself was a logical corollary to the growth of capitalism. Capitalism created larger territories which was basically due to expanding markets. Capitalism not only to the emergence of Nation-state but to colonialism as well. Therefore, international relations, till the end of world war II, was not between sovereign equal nations but most often between colonial power which were European and their colonies. To study international relations, colonization and decolonization theory, idealist school, realist school, liberalist school and geopolitical theory etc. are commonly used. While talking about foreign policy of Nepal and India, we find similarities i.e. NAM, panchasheela, respect to international law/organization etc, but Indian foreign policy practice towards Nepal is quite different than its theories.
Mustang where civilization flourished
Authors: Darnal Prakash
Published: March 2023

Mustang is one of the Trans-Himalayan districts of western Nepal, famous for its biodiversity, geology, prehistoric caves and cultural uniqueness. Geographically, it is divided into Upper and Lower Mustang. The area north of Kagbeni is Upper Mustang or Lo-Tsho Dun which consists Lomanthang, Charang, Dhee, Surkhang, Yara Ghara, Tangya, Dhey, Ghemi, Dhakmar, Marang, Ghiling, Chonup and Chhoser and south area of Kagbeni is called Serib (Bara Gaun) which consists of Lupra, Kagbeni, Khinga, Jharkot, Muktinath, Dzong, Tangbe, Chhuksang, Tetang, Tsaile, Ghyakar, Samar. In the south is the area of Thak Saatsae, which literally means seven hundred houses, which comprised of the villages of Ghasa, Lete, Kalopani, Taglung, Kunjo, Larjung, Kobang, Naurikot, Khanti, Tukuche. Culturally, this area is dominated by the Thakalis. The Panch Gaun is comprised of Chimang, Chairo, Marpha, Syang and Thini. The Kaligandaki River flows from the Tibetan Plateau, cutting through Himalayas and ends up flowing into the Ganges of northern India. While flowing between the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri massifs, the Kaligandaki forms the deepest river valley in the world. It is the only river where Shaligram or ammonite is found. Ammonite is considered as a fossil of the Tethys Sea. Mustang was a famous salt route through north to south trade. There are many abandoned settlement ruins like Ghemi, where exploration and excavation is necessary.
पाल्पा, तानसेन क्षेत्रमा बौद्ध–धर्मको ऐतिहासिक विकास र वर्तमान अवस्था :एक अध्ययन {Historical Development and Current Status of Buddhism in Palpa, Tansen Region: A Study}
Authors: शाक्य Shakya सौन्दर्यवती Saundaryavati
Published: March 2023

प्रस्तुत लेख पश्चिम नेपालको पाल्पा जिल्लामा बसोबास गर्ने बौद्ध धर्मावलम्बी, उनीहरुको ऐतिहासिक विकास र पाल्पा क्षेत्रको परिचयमा आधारित रहेको छ । पाल्पा जिल्लामा मध्यकालमा एक निकै प्रसिद्ध र शक्तिशाली राज्य रहेको थियो । नेपाल एकीकरण पछि त्यो राज्य नेपालमा समाहित भएको थियो । पाल्पा क्षेत्र मगर जातिका मानिसहरुको बाहुल्यता रहेका क्षेत्र हो । तर यस जिल्लाको सदरमुकामा भने नेवार जातिका मानिसहरुको संख्या सबैभन्दा बढी रहेको छ । यस क्षेत्रमा बसोबास गर्ने धेरैजसो मानिसहरु बौद्ध धर्म मान्ने गर्दछन् । यो जिल्ला पर्यटकीय दृष्टिले समेत निकै महत्वको रहेको छ । पाल्पा जिल्ला ढाका टोपी, करुवा जस्ता परम्परागत नेपाली उत्पादनको केन्द्रसमेत रहेको हुँदा यसको महत्व छुट्टै रहेको छ । लेखको उद्देश्य पाल्पा जिल्ला, त्यस जिल्लामा बसोबास गर्ने बौद्धमार्गी र उनीहरुको ऐतिहासिक विकासका बारेमा प्रस्ट पार्नु रहेको छ ।
सामाजिक विज्ञानमा अनुसन्धान पद्धति : पुस्तक समीक्षा {Research Methodology in the Social Sciences: A Book Review}
Authors: गौतम Gautam मुरारीकृष्ण Murarikrishna
Published: March 2023

प्रस्तुत पुस्तक अनुसन्धान विधिमा आधारित महत्त्वपूर्ण कृतिको रूपमा रहेको छ । यसका कृतिका लेखक डा. जगतप्रसाद पराजुली हुन् । उनले इतिहास, संस्कृति, पुरातत्व, पर्यटन लगायत जनसरोकारका अनेकौँ विधामा कलम चलाएर समाज र मुलुकलाई महत्वपूर्ण गुण लगाएका छन् । प्रस्तुत पुस्तक त्यही पाटोको एउटा ज्वलन्त दृष्टान्त हो । मानवीय क्रियाकलाप, गतिविधि, जीवनसङ्घर्षका अनुभव, त्याग, समर्पण, साहसिक योगदान र महत्वपूर्ण भूमिकालेगर्दा समाज विकासको प्रकृया निरन्तर अगाडि बढ्ने क्रमसँगै अनेकौँ सफलताहरू उपलब्धिका रूपमा प्राप्त भइरहेका छन् । त्यसैले मानव सभ्यता र संस्कृतिको श्रीवृद्धि हुनमा मानवीय क्रियाशीलताको अभूतपूर्व योगदन रहेको छ । समयानुकूल उत्पन्न भएको सोच, आवश्यकता अनुरूप अगाडि बढेको खोजमूलक कार्य, जीवन पद्धतिलाई सरल, सहज र सभ्य तुल्याउने अन्वेषणात्मक आविष्कार र सांस्कृतिक विशिष्टताहरू युगान्तकारी, परिवर्तनगामी र ऐतिहासिक महत्वका विषयहरू बन्न पुगेका छन् । यसको अर्थ सभ्यता र संस्कृतिको उत्थानसँगसँगै मानव मष्तिष्कमा सचेतनाका अनमोल गुणहरू कायम रहेकोले समाज विकासको यात्रा सुगम बन्दै अग्रगमनतर्पm उन्मुख भइरहेको छ । समयसापेक्ष सुधार, प्रगति, विकास र परिवर्तन आउँदै गर्दा मानवीय सङ्घर्षशील योगदानको चर्चा नगरी हुन्न । मानव सभ्यताकोक्रमिक विकास अनुसन्धानकै माध्यमबाट गतिशील भएको तथ्य नकार्न सकिन्न । समाज विकास र मानवकल्याणका गतिविधिमा शोध, खोज तथा अन्वेषणको गहन तथा ऐतिहासिक महत्व रहेको छ । समय–समयका युगान्तकारी परिवर्तनहरू अनुसन्धानकै परिणामद्वारा निस्रित भएका हुन् ।
Computerized Accounting Information System in Nepalese SMEs
Authors: Sapkota Shiba Prasad
Published: March 2023

The conversion from a manual accounting system to a computerized accounting system blended accounting with information technology in recent decades. In the area of accounting and finance, the use of computer software enables SMEs quick reporting and easy processing and storage of financial information.To address the issue of whether Nepalese SMEs ready to adopt CAIS, this study aimed to examine the factors that influence Nepalese SMEs to adopt CAIS.
Parental Raising Style, Personality and self-regard among School Adolescents
Authors: Gajurel Mahesh Kumar
Published: March 2023

100 adolescents (50 boy and 50 girls) Subjects were collected from various school in Bharatpur metropolitan city employed with Gerlsma Pecaived Parental Rearing Style (PPRSQ), Kellner Sympton Questionnaire (S.Q.) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The results disclase that boys have notably more non acceptance from father ad compared to girls and girls and girls have shown outstandingly better emotional warmth in comparison to boys from father. The boy and girls did not differ significantly on the factors over protection and favoring subjects of PPRSQ for father. No dependable difference was discovered between boys and girls on all the factors of PPRSQ for mother. The differentiation of boys and girls on anxiety, depression, somatic problems, anger hostility and self-esteem pointed out significantly higher anxiety. More somatic problem and increased hostility among boys, and high self-regard in girls. The study highs of the received parental raising style and its effect on personality of adolescents and has educational implications for parents.
Comparing the outcome of lateral versus posterior approach for hemi-replacement arthroplasty for neck of femur fracture: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kafle Pradeep , Maharjan Rajiv , Chaudhary Pashupati , Shah Amit Bikram , Rijal Nishchal , Dawadi Pratikshya
Published: March 2023

Background: Among commonly used approaches, posterior approach (Moore’s) results in better regain of function as it require less muscle dissection, while the lateral approach (Hardinge’s) has a lower risk of dislocation. Objectives: To compare the functional outcome between lateral and posterior approaches for hemiarthroplasty. Methods: This parallel design randomised controlled trial of equivalence (allocation ratio 1:1) was conducted in the department of orthopaedics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences with institutional ethical clearance. Fifty eligible patients of >60 years with isolated traumatic displaced neck of femur fracture, presenting during study period from September 2017 to August 2019, were conveniently recruited and randomly allocated by using computerised Excel random number generation technique to undergo hemi-replacement arthroplasty either by lateral approach (N = 25) or by posterior approach (N = 25) and were evaluated at six weeks, three months, six months, and twelve months. Final statistical analysis was done using SPSS v.20 software among 45 patients because four deceased and one was lost to follow-up. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The functional outcome as measured by the Modified Harris Hip score at one year was 83.78 ± 5.89 for lateral approach and 80.40 ± 7.56 for posterior approach group (p = 0.102). The hip pain, mean blood loss, operative time, and prothesis size was similar between the two approaches. Conclusion: The study showed that there was no significant difference between the two approaches for hemireplacement arthroplasty in terms of mean operating time, hip pain, and functional outcomes.