bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Did You Just Cough? Visualization of Vapor Diffusion in an Office Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis
Authors: Al-Rawi Mohammad , Al-Jumaily Ahmed M. , Lazonby Annette
Published: August 2022

Awareness of indoor air quality (IAQ) in crowded places such as schools and offices has increased since 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, countries’ shifting away from containment and towards living with COVID-19 is expected to increase demand for risk mitigation via air-purification devices. In this work, we use Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis to investigate the impact of adding an air-purification technology on airflow in an enclosed space. We model a Polyester Filter and UV light (PFUV) dehumidifier in an office with two occupants: one infected with an airborne infectious disease, such as COVID-19; and the other uninfected. We compare three cases where the infected occupant coughs: with no device, and with the device at two different orientations. We construct a CFD model using ANSYS® 2021 Fluent and the Discrete Phase Model (DPM) for the particle treatment. Thermal comfort is assessed using the Testo 400 IAQ and comfort kit. We find that both the device operation and the placement alter the airflow contours, significantly reducing the potential for the uninfected occupant to inhale the vapour expelled by the infected occupant, potentially impacting the likelihood of disease transmission. The device improved thermal comfort measured by Predicted Mean Vote (PMV), Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD).
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Portuguese Version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire
Authors: Fidalgo João , Botelho João , Proença Luís , Mendes José João , Machado Vanessa , Delgado Ana Sintra
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt and validate the psychosocial impact of dental esthetics questionnaire (PIDAQ) to the Portuguese language. The PIDAQ was culturally translated and adapted according to international guidelines. In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 501 subjects in a population-based epidemiological survey conducted at the Egas Moniz Dental Clinic (Almada, Portugal) in June 2022. The participants answered the Portuguese version of the PIDAQ (PIDAQ-PT), which was a 23-item scale with four conceptual domains (self-confidence, social impact, psychological impact and esthetic concern factor). Psychometric properties were estimated using content validity, construct validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability. The PIDAQ-PT presented an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.84, and a 95% confidence interval (0.73–0.90, p < 0.001), with values for the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the subconstructs ranging from 0.93 to 0.98. In the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the final models presented a good fit, with the comparative fit indices (CFIs) ranging from 0.905 to 0.921 and the root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA) ranging between 0.088 and 0.090. The PIDAQ-PT was shown to be a valid and reliable tool to assess oral health values in a Portuguese population. Further studies should evaluate the psychometric properties of the oral personal representation on dental specialties and its impact on dental appointments and procedures.
Research and Innovation for and with Adolescent Young Carers to Influence Policy and Practice—The European Union Funded “ME-WE” Project
Authors: Hanson Elizabeth , Barbabella Francesco , Magnusson Lennart , Brolin Rosita , Svensson Miriam , Yghemonos Stecy , Hlebec Valentina , Bolko Irena , Boccaletti Licia , Casu Giulia , Hoefman Renske , de Boer Alice H. , de Roos Simone , Santini Sara , Socci Marco , D’Amen Barbara , Van Zoest Frans , de Jong Nynke , Nap Henk Herman , de Jong Yvonne , Bouwman Tamara , Lewis Feylyn , Parkhouse Tom , Leu Agnes , Phelps Daniel , Guggiari Elena , Morgan Vicky , Centola Francesca , Joseph Stephen , Becker Saul
Published: August 2022

Young carers are children and adolescents who provide care to other family members or friends, taking over responsibilities that are usually associated with adulthood. There is emerging but still scarce knowledge worldwide about the phenomenon of young carers and the impact of a caring role on their health, social and personal development spheres. This paper provides an overview of the main results from the ME-WE project, which is the first European research and innovation project dedicated to adolescent young carers (AYCs) (15–17 years). The project methods relied on three main activities: (1) a systematization of knowledge (by means of a survey to AYCs, country case studies, Delphi study, literature review); (2) the co-design, implementation and evaluation of a primary prevention intervention addressing AYCs’ mental health (by means of Blended Learning Networks and a clinical trial in six European countries); (3) the implementation of knowledge translation actions for dissemination, awareness, advocacy and lobbying (by means of national and international stakeholder networks, as well as traditional and new media). Project results substantially contributed to a better understanding of AYCs’ conditions, needs and preferences, defined tailored support intervention (resilient to COVID-19 related restrictions), and significant improvements in national and European policies for AYCs.
Depression, Anxiety and Quality of Life among Online Responders in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Study Covering Four Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Babicki Mateusz , Bogudzińska Bogna , Kowalski Krzysztof , Mastalerz-Migas Agnieszka
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mental health of the population. This study aims to assess the prevalence of subjective depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as assess the quality of life in different waves of the COVID-19 pandemic based on an online survey. Methods: The study was conducted based on an original and anonymous questionnaire, consisting of a section assessing sociodemographic status and psychometric tools: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7) and Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA). A total of 6739 people participated in the survey, with the largest number from the first wave of the pandemic (2467—36.6%), followed by 1627 (24.1%) for the second wave, 1696 (25.2%) for wave three and 949 (14.1%) for wave four. The mean age of the study group was 28.19 ± 9.94. Results: There was an initial, gradual increase in depressive and anxiety symptoms over the three waves. There were no significant differences in the quality-of-life scores, except for the second and third waves (−0.0846; p = 0.013. It was found that women, residents of big cities and people with psychiatric history showed higher BDI and GAD-7 scores. Conclusions: The impact of the pandemic on mental health was not homogeneous, with the first three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic having more of an impact compared to the fourth wave. Female respondents’ sex, history of mental disease and reduced earning capacity exacerbated psychiatric symptoms.
Association of a Healthy Lifestyle with All-Cause, Cause-Specific Mortality and Incident Cancer among Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome: A Prospective Cohort Study in UK Biobank
Authors: Wu E , Ni Jun-Tao , Zhu Zhao-Hui , Xu Hong-Quan , Tao Lin , Xie Tian
Published: August 2022

This study investigated the association between a healthy lifestyle with all-cause, cause-specific mortality, and cancer incidence among individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Healthy lifestyle scores were created based on MetS management guidelines, including never/quitting smoking, moderate drinking, good sleep, healthy diet, sufficient exercise, social support, and less sedentary behaviour. Weighted healthy lifestyle scores were further constructed and classified into three groups: unfavourable (lowest quintile), intermediate (quintiles 2–4), and favourable (highest quintile) lifestyles. We included 87,342 MetS participants from the UK Biobank. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression. During a median follow-up of 12.54 years, 6739 deaths were reported; during a median follow-up of 10.69 years, 10,802 new cancer cases were documented. We found a favourable lifestyle was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (HR: 0.57; 95%CI: 0.53–0.62), cause-specific mortality from respiratory disease, cancer, digestive disease, cardiovascular disease (HR < 1; p-trend < 0.001), and overall cancer incidence (HR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.79–0.90). Our results indicate that adherence to healthy lifestyles is associated with lower overall cancer incidence and all-cause mortality risk among MetS individuals. However, causality cannot be made due to the nature of observational studies.
Development of a Japanese Version of the Formula for Calculating Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area: A Simulation Study
Authors: Ueda Haruka , Aoyama Norio , Fuchida Shinya , Mochida Yuki , Minabe Masato , Yamamoto Tatsuo
Published: August 2022

The periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) is a useful indicator of periodontal status. However, its formula was based on a meta-analysis involving five countries, and racial differences in tooth root morphology could have affected the calculations. This study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the PISA and compare it with the original version. The formulas reported by a previous Japanese study calculating the amount of remaining periodontal ligament from clinical attachment measurements were used to calculate the PISA. A simulation was performed to compare the Japanese version with the original version by inputting probing pocket depth (PPD) from 1 to10 mm and by using clinical data. The PISA values in the Japanese version were larger and smaller than those in the original version for PPDs of 1–5 mm and 6–10 mm, respectively. The PISA values for the clinical data from the Japanese version were significantly higher than those from the original version. Both versions of the PISA values correlated equally well with body mass index. The Japanese version of the PISA can be used to assess the amount of inflamed periodontal tissue resulting from periodontitis in Japanese populations, taking into account racial heterogeneity in root morphologies.
Reading the Score of the Air—Change in Airborne Microbial Load in Contrast to Particulate Matter during Music Making
Authors: Knobling Birte , Franke Gefion , Beike Lisa , Dickhuth Timo , Knobloch Johannes K.
Published: August 2022

The potential impact of music-making on air quality around musicians was inferred at the outset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic from measurements on individual musical instruments and from theoretical considerations. However, it is unclear to what extent playing together in an orchestra under optimal ventilation conditions really increases infection risks for individual musicians. In this study, changes in indoor air quality were assessed by measuring common parameters, i.e., temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide, along with particle counting and determining the presence of airborne pharyngeal bacteria under different seating arrangements. The study was conducted in cooperation with a professional orchestra on a stage ventilated by high volume displacement ventilation. Even with a full line-up, the particle load was only slightly influenced by the presence of the musicians on stage. At the same time, however, a clear increase in pharyngeal flora could be measured in front of individual instrument groups, but independent of seat spacing. Simultaneous measurement of various air parameters and, above all, the determination of relevant indicator bacteria in the air, enables site-specific risk assessment and safe music-making even during a pandemic.
A Conceptual Framework of Climate Action Needs of the Least Developed Party Countries of the Paris Agreement
Authors: Sattar Usman
Published: August 2022

This article provides a framework for conceptualizing climate action needs grounded in the nationally determined contributions (NDCs) of the least developed party countries (LDPCs) of the Paris Agreement (PA). It examines the NDCs of 35 LDPCs recorded in the NDC public registry of the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC). A grounded theory approach is adopted to assess what these countries need to materialize their NDCs under the PA. A conceptual framework of needs is figured out through an iterative process of data collection and analysis in three cycles: (1) open and in vivo coding; (2) axial coding; and (3) theoretical or selective coding. The data are analyzed with the help of NVIVO software. The results provide a verifiable framework of needs for climate action, which includes 55 saturated need factors extracted from the writing excerpts of NDCs, 17 sub-categories (axial codes) with climate finance and technology transfer as the most prominent, and 7 theoretical or selective categories with mobilize, educate, governmental, synergic, levels, equity, and public health. It provides a baseline for policy, research, and action from the developed party countries to uphold their PA obligations.
Glucocorticoid Insensitivity in Asthma: The Unique Role for Airway Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Ramos-Ramírez Patricia , Tliba Omar
Published: August 2022

Although most patients with asthma symptoms are well controlled by inhaled glucocorticoids (GCs), a subgroup of patients suffering from severe asthma respond poorly to GC therapy. Such GC insensitivity (GCI) represents a profound challenge in managing patients with asthma. Even though GCI in patients with severe asthma has been investigated by several groups using immune cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells and alveolar macrophages), uncertainty exists regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms in non-immune cells, such as airway smooth cells (ASM) cells. In asthma, ASM cells are among the targets of GC therapy and have emerged as key contributors not only to bronchoconstriction but also to airway inflammation and remodeling, as implied by experimental and clinical evidence. We here summarize the current understanding of the actions/signaling of GCs in asthma, and specifically, GC receptor (GR) “site-specific phosphorylation” and its role in regulating GC actions. We also review some common pitfalls associated with studies investigating GCI and the inflammatory mediators linked to asthma severity. Finally, we discuss and contrast potential molecular mechanisms underlying the impairment of GC actions in immune cells versus non-immune cells such as ASM cells.
The Pivotal Role of NF-kB in the Pathogenesis and Therapeutics of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Sun Emily , Motolani Aishat , Campos Leonardo , Lu Tao
Published: August 2022

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, with a high prevalence that is expected to double every 20 years. Besides the formation of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation is one the major phenotypes that worsens AD progression. Indeed, the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a well-established inflammatory transcription factor that fuels neurodegeneration. Thus, in this review, we provide an overview of the NF-κB role in the pathogenesis of AD, including its interaction with various molecular factors in AD mice models, neurons, and glial cells. Some of these cell types and molecules include reactive microglia and astrocytes, β-secretase, APOE, glutamate, miRNA, and tau protein, among others. Due to the multifactorial nature of AD development and the failure of many drugs designed to dampen AD progression, the pursuit of novel targets for AD therapeutics, including the NF-κB signaling pathway, is rising. Herein, we provide a synopsis of the drug development landscape for AD treatment, offering the perspective that NF-κB inhibitors may generate widespread interest in AD research in the future. Ultimately, the additional investigation of compounds and small molecules that target NF-κB signaling and the complete understanding of NF-κB mechanistic activation in different cell types will broaden and provide more therapeutic options for AD patients.
Immunomodulatory Properties of Polysaccharides from Lentinula edodes
Authors: Roszczyk Aleksander , Turło Jadwiga , Zagożdżon Radosław , Kaleta Beata
Published: August 2022

Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler, also known as shiitake mushroom, is a popular edible macrofungus and a source of numerous bioactive substances with multiple beneficial health effects. L. edodes-derived polysaccharides are the most valuable compounds, with anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties. It has been demonstrated that their biological activity depends on the extraction method, which affects monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, branching degrees, and helical conformation. In this review, we discuss the immunomodulatory properties of various polysaccharides from L. edodes in animal models and in humans.
11β-HSD as a New Target in Pharmacotherapy of Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Kupczyk Daria , Bilski Rafał , Kozakiewicz Mariusz , Studzińska Renata , Kędziora-Kornatowska Kornelia , Kosmalski Tomasz , Pedrycz-Wieczorska Agnieszka , Głowacka Mariola
Published: August 2022

Glucocorticoids (GCs), which are secreted by the adrenal cortex, are important regulators in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. For the proper functioning of the body, strict control of their release is necessary, as increased GCs levels may contribute to the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and other pathological conditions contributing to the development of metabolic syndrome. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I (11β-HSD1) locally controls the availability of the active glucocorticoid, namely cortisol and corticosterone, for the glucocorticoid receptor. Therefore, the participation of 11β-HSD1 in the development of metabolic diseases makes both this enzyme and its inhibitors attractive targets in the pharmacotherapy of the above-mentioned diseases.
“Soft Protein Corona” as the Stabilizer of the Methionine-Coated Silver Nanoparticles in the Physiological Environment: Insights into the Mechanism of the Interaction
Authors: Bondžić Aleksandra M. , Jovanović Dunja , Arsenijević Nevena , Laban Bojana , Lazarević Pašti Tamara , Klekotka Urszula , Bondžić Bojan P.
Published: August 2022

The study of the interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) and proteins has had a pivotal role in facilitating the understanding of biological effects and safe application of NPs after exposure to the physiological environment. Herein, for the first time, the interaction between L-methionine capped silver nanoparticles (AgMet), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) is investigated in order to predict the fate of AgMet after its contact with the most abundant blood transport protein. The detailed insights into the mechanism of interaction were achieved using different physicochemical techniques. The UV/Vis, TEM, and DLS were used for the characterization of the newly formed “entity”, while the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were utilized to describe the adsorption process. Additionally, the fluorescence quenching and synchronous fluorescence studies enabled the prediction of the binding affinity and gave us insight into the influence of the adsorption on the conformation state of the BSA. According to the best of our knowledge, for the first time, we show that BSA can be used as an external stabilizer agent which is able to induce the peptization of previously agglomerated AgMet. We believe that the obtained results could contribute to further improvement of AgNPs’ performances as well as to the understanding of their in vivo behavior, which could contribute to their potential use in preclinical research studies.
Sublethal Dose of β-Cypermethrin Impairs the Olfaction of Bactrocera dorsalis by Suppressing the Expression of Chemosensory Genes
Authors: Wu Shuang-Xiong , Chen Yang , Lei Quan , Peng Yuan-Yuan , Jiang Hong-Bo
Published: August 2022

The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, is one of the most destructive fruit insect pests. β-cypermethrin has been widely used in the orchard to control this major insect. Based on the resistance monitoring in 2011, B. dorsalis developed significant resistance against β-cypermethrin in fields. This indicated that the B. dorsalis has been exposed to sublethal concentrations of β-cypermethrin in the field for a long time. Thus, it is urgent to understand the sublethal effects of β-cypermethrin on this fly to guide the rational use of an insecticide. According to the olfactory preference assays and electroantennogram (EAG) recording, the B. dorsalis after β-cypermethrin exposure (LD30 = 10 ng/fly) severely decreased the ability to perceive the tested odorants. Moreover, we then performed quantitative real-time PCR and found the chemosensory genes including odorant receptor co-receptor (BdorORco) and ionotropic receptor co-receptors (BdorIRcos) were obviously suppressed. Our results demonstrated that the sublethal dose of β-cypermethrin impairs the olfaction of the pest insects by suppressing the expression of chemosensory genes (BdorORco and BdorIRcos), which expanded our knowledge of the sublethal effects of the pesticide on insects.
At the Crossroads of Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery—Benching Single Hospital Experience to a National Registry: A Plea for Risk Management Technology
Authors: Cocchieri Riccardo , van de Wetering Bertus , van Tuijl Sjoerd , Mousavi Iman , Riezebos Robert , de Mol Bastian
Published: August 2022

Almost 30 years after the first endoscopic mitral valve repair, Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery (MIMVS) has become the standard at many institutions due to optimal clinical results and fast recovery. The question that arises is can already good results be further improved by an Institutional Risk Management Performance (IRMP) system in decreasing risks in minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIMVS)? As of yet, there are no reports on IRMP and learning systems in the literature. (2) Methods: We described and appraised our five-year single institutional experience with MIMVS in isolated valve surgery included in the Netherlands Heart Registry (NHR) and investigated root causes of high-impact complications. (3) Results: The 120-day and 12-month mortality were 1.1% and 1.9%, respectively, compared to the average of 4.3% and 5.3% reported in the NHR. The regurgitation rate was 1.4% compared to 5.2% nationwide. The few high-impact complications appeared not to be preventable. (4) Discussion: In MIMVS, freedom from major and minor complications is a strong indicator of an effective IRMP but remains concealed from physicians and patients, despite its relevance to shared decision making. Innovation adds to the complexity of MIMVS and challenges surgical competence. An IRMP system may detect and control new risks earlier. (5) Conclusion: An IRMP system contributes to an effective reduction of risks, pain and discomfort; provides relevant input for shared decision making; and warrants the safe introduction of new technology. Crossroads conclusions: investment in machine learning and AI for an effective IRMP system is recommended and the roles for commanding and operating surgeons should be considered.
AlgaeMask: An Instance Segmentation Network for Floating Algae Detection
Authors: Wang Xiaoliang , Wang Lei , Chen Liangyu , Zhang Feng , Chen Kuo , Zhang Zhiwei , Zou Yibo , Zhao Linlin
Published: August 2022

Video surveillance on the offshore booster station and around the coast is a effective way to monitor floating macroalgae. Previous studies on floating algae detection are mainly based on traditional image segmentation methods. However, these algorithms cannot effectively solve the problem of extracting Ulva prolifra and Sargassum at different sizes and views. Recently, instance segmentation methods have achieved great success in computer vision applications. In this paper, based on the CenterMask network, a novel instance segmentation architecture named AlgaeMask is proposed for floating algae detection from the surveillance videos. To address the feature extraction ability of the network in the inter-dependencies for position and channel, we introduce a new OSA-V3 module with the dual-attention block, which consists of a position attention mechanism and channel attention mechanism. Meanwhile, scale-equalizing pyramid convolution is introduced to solve the problem of scale difference. Finally, we introduce the feature decoder module based on FCOS head and segmentation head to obtain the segmentation area of floating algae in each bounding box. The extensive experiment results show that the average precision of our AlgaeMask in the tasks of mask segmentation and box detection can reach 44.22% and 48.13%, respectively, which has 15.09% and 8.24% improvement over CenterMask. In addition, the AlgaeMask can meet the real-time requirements of floating algae detection.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Five Chlorophyll-a Algorithms in Chesapeake Bay (USA) for Operational Monitoring and Assessment
Authors: Wynne Timothy T. , Tomlinson Michelle C. , Briggs Travis O. , Mishra Sachidananda , Meredith Andrew , Vogel Ronald L. , Stumpf Richard P.
Published: August 2022

This manuscript describes methods for evaluating the efficacy of five satellite-based Chlorophyll-a algorithms in Chesapeake Bay, spanning three separate sensors: Ocean Land Color Imager (OLCI), Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), and MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The algorithms were compared using in situ Chlorophyll-a measurements from 38 separate stations, provided through the Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP). These stations span nearly the entire 300 km length of the optically complex Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in the United States. Overall accuracy was examined for the entire dataset, in addition to assessing the differences related to the distance from the turbidity maximum to the north by grouping the results into the upper bay, middle bay, or lower bay. The mean bias and the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) as well as the median bias and Median Absolute Error (MedAE) were conducted for comparison. A two-band algorithm, that is based on the red-edge portion of the electromagnetic spectrum (RE10), when applied to OLCI imagery, exhibited the lowest overall MedAE of 36% at all stations. As a result, it is recommended that the RE10 algorithm be applied to OLCI and provided as an operational product through NOAA’s CoastWatch program. The paper will conclude with results from a brief climatological analysis using the OLCI RE10 algorithm.
Morphology, Phenotype, and Molecular Identification of Clinical and Environmental Fusarium solani Species Complex Isolates from Malaysia
Authors: James Jasper E. , Santhanam Jacinta , Zakaria Latiffah , Mamat Rusli Nuraini , Abu Bakar Mariahyati , Suetrong Satinee , Sakayaroj Jariya , Abdul Razak Mohd Fuat , Lamping Erwin , Cannon Richard D.
Published: August 2022

Fusarium infections in humans (fusariosis) and in economically important plants involve species of several Fusarium species complexes. Species of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) are the most frequent cause of human fusariosis. The FSSC comprises more than 60 closely related species that can be separated into three major clades by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) using translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) and RNA polymerase II (RPB2) DNA sequences. The MLST nomenclature for clade 3 of the FSSC assigns numbers to species types (e.g., FSSC 2) and lowercase letters to identify unique haplotypes. The aim of this study was to analyse the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of 15 environmental and 15 clinical FSSC isolates from Malaysia. MLST was used for the genotypic characterisation of FSSC isolates from various locations within Malaysia, which was complemented by their morphological characterisation on potato dextrose and carnation leaf agar. MLST identified eight different FSSC species: thirteen Fusarium keratoplasticum (i.e., FSSC 2), six Fusarium suttonianum (FSSC 20), five Fusarium falciforme (FSSC 3+4), two Fusarium cyanescens (FSSC 27), and one each of Fusarium petroliphilum (FSSC 1), Fusarium waltergamsii (FSSC 7), Fusarium sp. (FSSC 12), and Fusarium striatum (FSSC 21). Consistent with previous reports from Malaysia, most (11 of 15) clinical FSSC isolates were F. keratoplasticum and the majority (9 of 15) of environmental isolates were F. suttonianum (5) or F. falciforme (4) strains. The taxonomic relationships of the isolates were resolved phylogenetically. The eight Fusarium species also showed distinct morphological characteristics, but these were less clearly defined and reached across species boundaries. Although TEF1-α and RPB2 sequences were sufficient for the species identification of most FSSC isolates, a more precise MLST scheme needs to be established to reliably assign individual isolates of the species-rich FSSC to their geographically-, epidemiologically-, and host-associated sub-lineages.
How Market Orientation Impacts Customer’s Brand Loyalty and Buying Decisions
Authors: Serra Elizabeth , de Magalhães Mariana , Silva Rui , Meirinhos Galvão
Published: August 2022

As retail management has become increasingly demanding, it is imperative that retailers use market orientation to promote and increase loyalty to their private labels. This can be important in efforts to differentiate themselves from their competition. The focus of this study is to understand how these factors impact the loyalty of customer purchase decisions, through the link between the potential for brand risk and brand commitment, in order to facilitate customer orientation and brand loyalty. An online survey was conducted with a sample of 2900 consumers in Portugal and Spain. This study analyzed two distinct and high involvement product categories: Denomination of Origin (DOC) wine and anti-wrinkle cream. Structural equation modeling methodology was used to analyze the relationship between different constructs. It was found that there is no direct correlation between customer orientation and brand loyalty. However, this connection is critical when the two mediating variables of brand risk and brand commitment are accounted for. Another important finding relates to the values and differences identified between the two product categories. The results obtained show the importance of risk and commitment for high involvement products. In practice, this justifies brands explicitly managing these factors, because they can translate into loyalty behaviors. The results also contribute to demystifying the market for more complex products, particularly when the choice and risk process is more complex.
A Rule-Based Method to Locate the Bounds of Neural Networks
Authors: Tsoulos Ioannis G. , Tzallas Alexandros , Karvounis Evangelos
Published: August 2022

An advanced method of training artificial neural networks is presented here which aims to identify the optimal interval for the initialization and training of artificial neural networks. The location of the optimal interval is performed using rules evolving from a genetic algorithm. The method has two phases: in the first phase, an attempt is made to locate the optimal interval, and in the second phase, the artificial neural network is initialized and trained in this interval using a method of global optimization, such as a genetic algorithm. The method has been tested on a range of categorization and function learning data and the experimental results are extremely encouraging.
Urban Form and Household Energy Consumption: Evidence from China Panel Data
Authors: Guang Yahui , Huang Yongbin
Published: August 2022

Compact urban form is of great importance to facilitate low carbon development, while little empirical evidence was found about the impact of urban geometric form on household energy consumption with panel data; this paper uses a multi-time China land cover dataset to calculate the urban form of 253 prefecture-level cities for the years 2000, 2010 and 2020 and examines its impact on urban household energy consumption. We use urban land ruggedness as the instrumental variable for urban form. The results show urban form and household energy consumption are negatively related. The result is robust to several alternative specifications, including measuring the household energy consumption without central heating or controlling extreme weather year effect. Mechanism analysis shows compact geometric form reduces commuting time in larger and medium cities.
Discontinuity in the Electronic Structure and Magnetic Order of β-Co1+xGa1−x
Authors: Fecher Gerhard H.
Published: August 2022

The present work reports on the calculated electronic and magnetic structure of the binary Co-Ga system at high Co content. β-CoGa adopts a simple cubic CsCl type structure. Well-ordered CoGa does not exhibit collective magnetism but is a paramagnetic, metallic compound. Neither Co nor Ga deficiency induces magnetic order; however, ferromagnetism is observed for Co-Ga anti-site disorder. The magnetic moment per cell increases by up to approximately 1.2 μB in the completely disordered body-centered cubic structure. With increasing Co content, Co1+xGa1−x maintains the CsCl type structure and becomes ferromagnetic. Most importantly, a discontinuity of the magnetic order with composition is observed at about 10% excess Co, where a change from a low magnetic moment state to a high moment state is observed. This is accompanied by a change in the electronic structure and transport properties. The discontinuity is forced by the increasing exchange splitting related to the localized moment of the additional Co atoms that replace Ga. Subsequently, the magnetic moment increases continuously up to 2.5 μB for x=0.6. For x≳0.6, the structure changes to a face-centered cubic structure with random site occupation and the magnetic moment further increases. Above the magnetic discontinuity, the Curie temperature increases linearly with the Co content from the onset of ferromagnetism, until it reaches its maximum in pure Co.
Effect of Sintering Temperatures, Reinforcement Size on Mechanical Properties and Fortification Mechanisms on the Particle Size Distribution of B4C, SiC and ZrO2 in Titanium Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Gemeda Birhane Assefa , Sinha Devendra Kumar , Singh Gyanendra Kumar , Alghtani Abdulaziz H. , Tirth Vineet , Algahtani Ali , Mengesha Getinet Asrat , Ahmed Gulam Mohammed Sayeed , Hossain Nazia
Published: August 2022

Titanium metal matrix composites/TMMCs are reinforced ceramic reinforcements that have been developed and used in the automotive, biological, implants, and aerospace fields. At high temperatures, TMMCs can provide up to 50% weight reduction compared to monolithic super alloys while maintaining comparable quality or state of strength. The objective of this research was the analysis and evaluation of the effect/influence of different sintering temperatures, reinforcement size dependence of mechanical properties, and fortification mechanisms on the particle size distribution of B4C, SiC, and ZrO2 reinforced TMMCs that were produced and fabricated by powder metallurgy/PM. SEM, XRD, a Rockwell hardness tester, and the Archimedes principle were used in this analysis. The composites’ hardness, approximation, tensile, yielding, and ultimate strength were all increased. As the composite was reinforced with low-density ceramics material and particles, its density decreased. The volume and void content in all the synthesized specimens is below 1%; this is the result of good sample densification, mechanical properties and uniform distribution of the reinforced particle samples; 5% B4C, 12.5% SiC, 7.5% ZrO2, 75% Ti develop higher mechanical properties, such as higher hardness, approximation tensile, yielding, and ultimate strength and low porosity.
The Sealing Effect Improvement Prediction of Flat Rubber Ring in Roller Bit Based on Yeoh_Revised Model
Authors: Zhou Wei , Wang Chengwen , Fan Peng , Kuang Yuchun , Dong Zongzheng
Published: August 2022

In a roller bit, the flat rubber ring (FRR) often needs to apply a certain amount of compression to ensure that its rotation and static sealing surfaces can be stably sealed. For the predicted Mises stress, values smaller than the actual Mises stress due to soft single-axis compression (SAC) stress are predicted by the Yeoh (N = 3) model. To more reasonably predict stress under the static compression of the FRR in the roller bit, the sealing effect of the FRR based on the SAC contact stress and the calculated Mises stress was evaluated by the Yeoh_revised model. Based on the assumption that hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber (HNBR) is isotropic and incompressible, first, we derived the fitting formulas for three types of constitutive models and the Jacobi matrix of the Yeoh_revised model and developed hyperelastic constitutive subroutines. Simultaneously, the accuracy of three models (Yeoh, Yeoh_revised and Ogden) was evaluated by the goodness of fit (R2) to data from three kinds of tensile experiment tests. The highest R2 is 0.9771 with the Yeoh_revised model, which merges the advantages of the other two fitting models and effectively improves the Yeoh model’s soft property of SAC contact stress. Additionally, by measuring on-site FRR wear, the maximum Mises stress on the sealing surface calculated based on the Yeoh_revised model is about twice that of the Yeoh model, and the maximum Mises stress on the rotation contact sealing surface is higher than that on the outside (static sealing) surface, which makes the aging of the rotation surface more severe. Thus, it was demonstrated that, on the premise of ensuring FRR sealing contact stress, the Yeoh_revised model can more reasonably predict the sealing effect of the FRR to more precisely calculate Mises stress than the Yeoh model. This also contributes to FRR structure optimization to prolong the service life of the FRR in the roller bit.
Characterization of the Mechanical Properties, Water Sorption, and Solubility of Antibacterial Copolymers of Quaternary Ammonium Urethane-Dimethacrylates and Triethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate
Authors: Chrószcz-Porębska Marta W. , Barszczewska-Rybarek Izabela M. , Chladek Grzegorz
Published: August 2022

The use of dental composites based on dimethacrylates that have quaternary ammonium groups is a promising solution in the field of antibacterial restorative materials. This study aimed to investigate the mechanical properties and behaviors in aqueous environments of a series of six copolymers (QA:TEG) comprising 60 wt.% quaternary ammonium urethane-dimethacrylate (QAUDMA) and 40 wt.% triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA); these copolymers are analogous to a common dental copolymer (BG:TEG), which comprises 60 wt.% bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA) and 40 wt.% TEGDMA. Hardness (HB), flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (E), water sorption (WS), and water solubility (SL) were assessed for this purpose. The pilot study of these copolymers showed that they have high antibacterial activity and good physicochemical properties. This paper revealed that QA:TEGs cannot replace BG:TEG due to their insufficient mechanical properties and poor behavior in water. However, the results can help to explain how QAUDMA-based materials work, and how their composition should be manipulated to produce the best performance. It was found that the longer the N-alkyl chain, the lower the HB, WS, and SL. The FS and E increased with the lengthening of the N-alkyl chain from eight to ten carbon atoms. Its further extension, to eighteen carbon atoms, caused a decrease in those parameters.
Study on Electromagnetic–Dynamic Coupled Modeling Method—Detection by Stator Current of the Induction Motors with Bearing Faults
Authors: Huang Liangyuan , Hu Niaoqing , Yang Yi , Chen Ling , Wen Jihong , Shen Guoji
Published: August 2022

Detecting motor bearing faults by stator currents is of great importance as it improves the adaptability of measurement means to different environments and reduces the number of sensors. Therefore, many studies have been conducted to investigate bearing faults by constructing motor models, most of which have used signal models to simulate the dynamics of the bearings. However, the signal model may be exposed to the issue that the nonlinearities in the bearing operation are neglected, thus oversimplifying the coupling effects between the electromagnetic and dynamics models. Hence, a coupled electromagnetic–dynamic modeling method for induction motors based on multiple coupled circuit theory and the rotor-bearing dynamics model is proposed in this study to implement the coupled simulation of electromagnetic and dynamic models. The air gap length and rotor velocity are used as coupled parameters for the calculation of stator–rotor mutual inductance and ball contact deformation, respectively. The simulation results show that the proposed model can effectively implement the electromagnetic–dynamic coupled and reflect the bearing fault characteristics in the current signal. Experiments were conducted on induction motors with typical winding configurations under laboratory conditions. The comparison results verify the effectiveness of the proposed modeling method.
Generalized Lorentzian Sasakian-Space-Forms with M-Projective Curvature Tensor
Authors: Prakasha D. G. , Amruthalakshmi M. R. , Mofarreh Fatemah , Haseeb Abdul
Published: August 2022

In this note, the generalized Lorentzian Sasakian-space-form M12n+1(f1,f2,f3) satisfying certain constraints on the M-projective curvature tensor W* is considered. Here, we characterize the structure M12n+1(f1,f2,f3) when it is, respectively, M-projectively flat, M-projectively semisymmetric, M-projectively pseudosymmetric, and φ−M-projectively semisymmetric. Moreover, M12n+1(f1,f2,f3) satisfies the conditions W*(ζ,V1)·S=0, W*(ζ,V1)·R=0 and W*(ζ,V1)·W*=0 are also examined. Finally, illustrative examples are given for obtained results.
Quantum Steganography Based on the B92 Quantum Protocol
Authors: Tudorache Alexandru-Gabriel , Manta Vasile , Caraiman Simona
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a communication algorithm in which a grayscale image, shared between two parties, can be used to transmit a secret message, by applying the idea introduced in the B92 quantum protocol. The least significant qubits of the pixels’ representation in certain regions of the image are used. With the help of a server, the algorithm generates a random message, which can further act as a secret key for cryptographic algorithms in order to secure the data that two parties might want to exchange later on. The chosen representation of the image is NEQR (novel enhanced quantum representation) and the platform used for testing the described idea is IBM Quantum Experience, along with the open-source Python framework called Qiskit. This solution allows users to design, implement quantum circuits (containing various quantum gates), and simulate them using real devices and local simulators. An implementation using this platform for a sample image and the corresponding results are also presented in this paper.
Unknown Security Attack Detection of Industrial Control System by Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Jie , Li Pengfei , Kong Weiqiang , An Ran
Published: August 2022

With the rapid development of network technologies, the network security of industrial control systems has aroused widespread concern. As a defense mechanism, an ideal intrusion detection system (IDS) can effectively detect abnormal behaviors in a system without affecting the performance of the industrial control system (ICS). Many deep learning methods are used to build an IDS, which rely on massive numbers of variously labeled samples for model training. However, network traffic is imbalanced, and it is difficult for researchers to obtain sufficient attack samples. In addition, the attack variants are rich, and constructing all possible attack types in advance is impossible. In order to overcome these challenges and improve the performance of an IDS, this paper presents a novel intrusion detection approach which integrates a one-dimensional convolutional autoencoder (1DCAE) and support vector data description (SVDD) for the first time. For the two-stage training process, 1DCAE fails to retain the key features of intrusion detection and SVDD has to add restrictions, so a joint optimization solution is introduced. A three-stage optimization process is proposed to obtain better performance. Experiments on the benchmark intrusion detection dataset NSL-KDD show that the proposed method can effectively detect various unknown attacks, learning with only normal traffic. Compared with the recent state-of-art intrusion detection baselines, the proposed method is improved in most metrics.
Adaptive State-Feedback Stabilization for Stochastic Nonlinear Systems with Time-Varying Powers and Unknown Covariance
Authors: Gu Jiabao , Wang Hui , Li Wuquan , Niu Ben
Published: August 2022

This paper investigates the adaptive state-feedback stabilization problem for stochastic nonlinear systems. Compared with the existing results, we consider more general and more practical systems, i.e., systems with time-varying powers and unknown covariance simultaneously. We propose a new adaptive state-feedback control method, which ensures that the closed-loop system is globally stable in probability and the states are regulated to the origin almost surely. Finally, the feasibility of the design method is verified by two examples.
The Casson Dusty Nanofluid: Significance of Darcy–Forchheimer Law, Magnetic Field, and Non-Fourier Heat Flux Model Subject to Stretch Surface
Authors: Rehman Saif Ur , Fatima Nageen , Ali Bagh , Imran Muhammad , Ali Liaqat , Shah Nehad Ali , Chung Jae Dong
Published: August 2022

This work aims to offer a mathematical model for two-phase flow that investigates the interaction of Casson nanofluid and dust particles across a stretching surface. MHD Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium and Fourier’s law through Cattaneo–Christove thermal flux are also considered. The governing equations for the two phases model are partial differential equations later transmuted into ordinary ones via similarity transforms. The Runge–Kutta method with the shooting tool is utilized numerically to solve the boundary layer equations computed in MATLAB to obtain numerical results for various pertinent parameters. The numerical outcomes of momentum, temperature, and concentration distribution are visible for both phases. The results of the skin friction, heat transfer coefficients, and the Sherwood number are also visible in the graphs. Furthermore, by comparing the current findings to the existing literature, the validity of the results is confirmed and found to be in good agreement. The fluid velocity is reduced against increasing strength of Casson fluid parameter, enhanced the fluid phase and dust phase fluid temperature. The temperature declines against the growing values of the relaxation time parameter in both phases. Dusty fluids are used in various engineering and manufacturing sectors, including petroleum transportation, car smoke emissions, power plant pipes, and caustic granules in mining.
Subordinations and Norm Estimates for Functions Associated with Ma-Minda Subclasses
Authors: Farzana Habibullah Aaisha , Jeyaraman Muthusamy Palani , Bulboacă Teodor
Published: August 2022

For a function p analytic in the open unit disc and satisfying p(0)=1, we prove certain subordination implications of the first order differential subordination 1+zp′(z)≺1+Mz, which provides sufficient conditions for a function to belong to various subclasses of Ma-Minda starlike functions. The pre-Schwarzian norm estimate and inclusion criteria for certain subclasses of analytic function are also obtained. Additionally, using Gronwall’s inequality we give a sufficient condition for a normalized function to belong to a class of functions with bounded arguments that extends the class of strongly α-Bazilevič functions of order γ studied by Gao in 1996.