bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On globalization, borders, and borderlands: A historical geographical perspective
Authors: Widdis Randy William
Published: November 2019

Under current dialectical conditions of globalization and increased demands for security, borders are no longer just symbols of sovereignty and national histories; they are evolving into new forms and as such are taking on new functions. Yet while borders continue to exist and are arguably more fluid and dynamic than ever before, despite the once robust but now contested rhetoric of “a world without borders,” this doesn't mean that borders prior to the current phase of globalization were relatively static and stable. What is constant is the fact that borders and borderlands are always in a state of becoming and in this context, we need to address the relationship that exists between borderland evolution and the changing forces of globalization. This paper considers the important role that time‐space plays in globalization and borderland theory and in doing so emphasizes that any such effort must recognize the importance of historical geographical context. My argument is developed with reference to the Canadian‐American borderlands and the relationship between Canada and the United States that developed during the various phases of globalization that emerged after the creation of two North American polities following the American Revolution.
Employing a Gaussian Particle Swarm Optimization method for tuning Multi Input Multi Output‐fuzzy system as an integrated controller of a micro‐grid with stability analysis
Authors: Mir Mahdi , Dayyani Mohammad , Sutikno Tole , Mohammadi Zanjireh Morteza , Razmjooy Navid
Published: November 2019

There are mainly two most essential problems in power networks, load frequency control and power flow management, which are grown recently because of growth in dimension/complication of grids. Present work suggests a controller based on fuzzy systems in which controller design is performed in a supervisory manner over a multiagent system aiming to control the frequency variation as well as generation cost minimization in the entire grid. The designing processes for low‐frequency controller (LFC) and management are mostly performed separately, which results in the disruption of both outputs. This challenge is tackled in this paper by the integration of them in the designing process. Additionally, stability guarantee is in high importance in the power systems, which is neglected in most of the related works. The Gaussian particle swarm optimization (GPSO) algorithm is applied for determining the optimal values of the decision variables, which can also guarantee the stability of the system by adopting a chaotic map by Gaussian function to balance the seeking abilities of particles that promotes the computation effectiveness without affecting the efficiency of the fuzzy controller. Then, the stability situationof the fuzzy + GPSO method is derived that guarantees a suitable global exploration and rapid convergence, with no require to gradients.
Occlusal support is associated with nutritional improvement and recovery of physical function in patients recovering from hip fracture
Authors: Sawa Yukiko , Kayashita Jun , Nikawa Hiroki
Published: November 2019

Objective

This study aimed to elucidate the association between occlusal support and nutritional improvement and recovery of activities of daily living (ADLs) among elderly patients recovering from hip fracture.

Background

Many patients with hip fracture are malnourished, and malnutrition is associated with poor functional outcomes. Poor oral status is one reason for malnutrition because loss of occlusal support leads to masticatory disorders and can cause nutrient deficiencies.

Methods

We evaluated 202 elderly patients aged 65 years and older (mean age, 84.9 ± 7.9 years). We assessed nutritional status using the Mini Nutritional Assessment‐Short Form and ADLs using functional independence measure (FIM) scores. Occlusal support was recorded in accordance with the Eichner Index. We categorised participants into two groups according to the presence or absence of occlusal support, and statistical analyses were performed to investigate the differences between the groups.

Results

One group contained 152 participants (mean age, 85.5 ± 7.4 years) with occlusal support, and the other group contained 50 participants (mean age, 83.0 ± 8.9 years) without occlusal support. The group with occlusal support had greater gain of FIM and higher FIM efficiency than did the other group. Multivariate analyses showed that occlusal support was independently associated with nutritional improvement [odds ratio (OR) = 4.00, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.90‐8.43] and motor FIM efficiency (R2 = .338,P < .001).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that occlusal support is associated with nutritional improvement and the recovery of ADLs in patients recovering from hip fracture.
Magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasonography fusion targeted prostate biopsy finds more significant prostate cancer in biopsy‐naïve Japanese men compared with the standard biopsy
Authors: Fujii Shinsuke , Hayashi Tetsutaro , Honda Yukiko , Terada Hiroaki , Akita Ryuji , Kitamura Naoyuki , Ueda Eikoh , Han Xiangrui , Ueno Takeshi , Miyamoto Shunsuke , Kitano Hiroyuki , Inoue Shogo , Teishima Jun , Abdi Hamidreza , Awai Kazuo , Takeshima Yukio , Sentani Kazuhiro , Yasui Wataru , Matsubara Akio
Published: November 2019

Objective

To assess the clinical benefits of magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound fusion‐targeted biopsy for biopsy‐naïve Japanese men.

Methods

Between February 2017 and August 2018, 131 biopsy‐naïve men who underwent targeted biopsy together with 10‐core systematic biopsy at Hiroshima University Hospital were retrospectively investigated. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging findings were reported based on Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.

Results

The overall cancer detection rates per patient were 69.5% in systematic biopsy + targeted biopsy cores, 61.1% in systematic biopsy cores and 61.1% in targeted biopsy cores. The detection rates for clinically significant prostate cancer were 43.5% in targeted biopsy cores and 35.9% in systematic biopsy cores (P = 0.04), whereas the detection rates for clinically insignificant prostate cancer were 17.6% and 25.2% respectively (P = 0.04). Lesions in the peripheral zone were diagnosed more with clinically significant prostate cancer (54.8% vs 20.7%, P < 0.001) and International Society of Urological Pathology grade (3.2 vs 2.7, P = 0.02) than that in the inner gland. Just 4.2% (3/71) of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System category 2 and 3 lesions in the middle or base of the inner gland were found to have clinically significant prostate cancer. The cancer detection rate per core was 42.3% in targeted biopsy cores, whereas it was 17.9% in systematic biopsy cores (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Targeted biopsy is able to improve the diagnostic accuracy of biopsy in detection of clinically significant prostate cancer by reducing the number of clinically insignificant prostate cancer detections compared with 10‐core systematic biopsy in biopsy‐naïve Japanese men. In addition, the present findings suggest that patients with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System category 2 or 3 lesions at the middle or base of the inner gland might avoid biopsies.
Endoscopic alterations in Peyer's patches in patients with ulcerative colitis: A prospective, multicenter study
Authors: Hiyama Satoshi , Iijima Hideki , Sakakibara Yuko , Yamada Takuya , Mukai Akira , Otake Yuriko , Yamaguchi Toshio , Araki Manabu , Kawai Shoichiro , Tsujii Yoshiki , Inoue Takahiro , Hayashi Yoshito , Shinzaki Shinichiro , Takehara Tetsuo
Published: November 2019

Background and Aim

Peyer's patches (PPs) play a major role in intestinal mucosal immunity; however, their role in ulcerative colitis (UC) is not well investigated. We evaluated endoscopic features of PPs on narrow‐band imaging with magnifying endoscopy (NBI‐ME) and investigated their association with clinical factors.

Methods

We prospectively recruited 105 patients with UC, 18 with Crohn's disease, 16 with disease control, and 33 healthy control subjects at three institutions from 2014 to 2017. NBI‐ME images of the villi of PPs were evaluated according to the Villi Index, and patients were divided into the Villi Index low (L) and high (H) types. The 1‐year sustained clinical remission rate was evaluated between L‐type and H‐type PPs in patients with UC.

Results

The proportions of patients with H‐type PPs were significantly higher among UC, Crohn's disease, and disease control patients than among healthy control patients (P = 0.0125, 0.018, 0.0007). In UC, age, gender, endoscopic score, and extent of disease involvement were not significantly different between L‐type and H‐type PPs, whereas the sustained clinical remission rate was significantly higher in L‐type PPs than in H‐type PPs (88% [57/65] vs 65% [17/26], P = 0.019). Multivariate analysis revealed that the L type of PPs was a significant factor for sustained clinical remission (odds ratio 3.8, 95% confidence interval 1.1–12.9, P = 0.033).

Conclusions

Patients with UC showed endoscopic alterations in PPs on NBI‐ME, and highly altered appearance of PPs can be associated with a high risk of clinical relapse in patients with UC.
Genetic components of root architecture and anatomy adjustments to water‐deficit stress in spring barley
Authors: Oyiga Benedict C. , Palczak Janina , Wojciechowski Tobias , Lynch Jonathan P. , Naz Ali A , Léon Jens , Ballvora Agim
Published: November 2019

Roots perform vital roles for adaptation and productivity under water‐deficit stress, even though their specific functions are poorly understood. In this study, the genetic control of the nodal‐root architectural and anatomical response to water deficit were investigated among diverse spring barley accessions. Water deficit induced substantial variations in the nodal root traits. The cortical, stele, and total root cross‐sectional areas of the main‐shoot nodal roots decreased under water deficit, but increased in the tiller nodal roots. Root xylem density and arrested nodal roots increased under water deficit, with the formation of root suberization/lignification and large cortical aerenchyma. Genome‐wide association study implicated 11 QTL intervals in the architectural and anatomical nodal root response to water deficit. Among them, three and four QTL intervals had strong effects across seasons and on both root architectural and anatomical traits, respectively. Genome‐wide epistasis analysis revealed 44 epistatically interacting SNP loci. Further analyses showed that these QTL intervals contain important candidate genes, including ZIFL2, MATE, and PPIB, whose functions are shown to be related to the root adaptive response to water deprivation in plants. These results give novel insight into the genetic architectures of barley nodal root response to soil water deficit stress in the fields, and thus offer useful resources for root‐targeted marker‐assisted selection.
Abscisic acid‐triggered guard cell l‐cysteine desulfhydrase function and in situ hydrogen sulfide production contributes to heme oxygenase‐modulated stomatal closure
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhou Mingjian , Ge Zhenglin , Shen Jie , Zhou Can , Gotor Cecilia , Romero Luis C. , Duan Xingliang , Liu Xin , Wu Deliang , Yin Xianchao , Xie Yanjie
Published: November 2019

Recent studies have demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) produced through the activity of l‐cysteine desulfhydrase (DES1) is an important gaseous signaling molecule in plants that could participate in abscisic acid (ABA)‐induced stomatal closure. However, the coupling of the DES1/H2S signaling pathways to guard cell movement has not been thoroughly elucidated. The results presented here provide genetic evidence for a physiologically relevant signaling pathway that governs guard cell in situ DES1/H2S function in stomatal closure. We discovered that ABA‐activated DES1 produces H2S in guard cells. The impaired guard cell ABA phenotype of the des1 mutant can be fully complemented when DES1/H2S function has been specifically rescued in guard cells and epidermal cells, but not mesophyll cells. This research further characterized DES1/H2S function in the regulation of LONG HYPOCOTYL1 (HY1, a member of the heme oxygenase family) signaling. ABA‐induced DES1 expression and H2S production are hyper‐activated in the hy1 mutant, both of which can be fully abolished by the addition of H2S scavenger. Impaired guard cell ABA phenotype of des1/hy1 can be restored by H2S donors. Taken together, this research indicated that guard cell in situ DES1 function is involved in ABA‐induced stomatal closure, which also acts as a pivotal hub in regulating HY1 signaling.
Real‐time PCR based HLA‐B*27 screening directly in whole blood
Authors: Geiger Kathrin , Zach Christina , Leiherer Andreas , Fraunberger Peter , Drexel Heinz , Muendlein Axel
Published: November 2019

The linkage between the occurrence of human leucocyte antigen B*27 (HLA‐B*27) and ankylosing spondylitis or other related spondyloarthritides is well documented. PCR based methods are widely used for HLA‐B*27 screening. To refine HLA‐B*27 testing we aimed at establishing a real‐time PCR protocol to detect the HLA‐B*27 allele directly in blood samples, without DNA extraction. HLA‐B*27 analysis was performed by two real‐time PCRs using TaqMan primer‐probe assays for B*27 specific amplification of exon 2 or exon 3 of the HLA‐B gene together with a mutant of Taq polymerase for direct blood PCR. Conditions for direct blood PCR were optimized and the reliability of the direct blood PCR protocol was evaluated by re‐genotyping over 200 blood samples from patients who previously underwent routine DNA‐based HLA‐B*27 testing. Heating blood samples at 95°C for 10 minutes significantly improved PCR performance. Results from real‐time PCR based HLA‐B*27 testing directly in blood of over 200 patients were in 100% concordance with results obtained by routine DNA‐based HLA‐B*27 genotyping. In summary, we present a reliable real‐time PCR protocol for HLA‐B*27 screening directly in whole blood supporting fast clarification of the presence of ankylosing spondylitis or other spondyloarthritides in suspected cases.
Altitude Test Facility Humidity Control to Generate Defined Icing Conditions
Authors: Barth Felix M. , Staudacher Stephan , Schiewe Constanze
Published: November 2019

In altitude test facility (ATF) operation, the requirements to control humidity to generate defined icing conditions are gaining more and more importance. In this context, the ability to predict humidity and condensation becomes a fundamental part of ATF control. For this purpose, classical nucleation theory has been applied in combination with in situ measurements to derive a model suitable to predict the onset of condensation during very low temperature ATF operation. The model parameters have been acquired inside the ATF of the University of Stuttgart downstream of its air coolers. This makes the application or assumption of generalized atmospheric aerosol data unnecessary. Polydisperse nano aerosol distributions were measured and statistically evaluated, showing that a constant distribution of nano aerosol particle size can be assumed. The composition of the ingested nanoparticles was analyzed and Arizona test dust was chosen as a valid substitute material for the application in the prediction model leading to a conservative prediction. The approach has been successfully verified using optical measurements during ATF testing. Its prediction accuracy fulfills the requirements of ATF control for a variety of icing conditions in component and engine altitude testing.
Ultrafast X-Ray Computed Tomography Imaging for Hydrodynamic Investigations of Gas–Liquid Two-Phase Flow in Centrifugal Pumps
Authors: Schäfer Thomas , Neumann-Kipping Martin , Bieberle André , Bieberle Martina , Hampel Uwe
Published: November 2019

Gas entrainment into centrifugal pumps decreases pump performance and may raise safety issues, e.g., through insufficient cooling. Although there is some phenomenological knowledge in the form of correlations between operating parameters and pump performance, a further understanding via direct observation of the gas–liquid mixture was so far not possible. In this paper, we demonstrate the capability of ultrafast X-ray computed tomography (UFXCT) to disclose gas–liquid two-phase flow dynamics in the impeller region of a centrifugal pump mockup. Experiments were performed for gas injection at impeller speeds between 1300 rpm and 1600 rpm. We analyzed the X-ray image sequences with respect to characteristics of the gas distribution and compared them with time-averaged image data of a real pump obtained earlier with gamma-ray computed tomography (CT).
Stitch in the ditch: Nutzotin Mountains (Alaska) fluvial strata and a dike record ca. 117–114 Ma accretion of Wrangellia with western North America and initiation of the Totschunda fault
Authors: Trop Jeffrey M. , Benowitz Jeffrey A. , Koepp Donald Q. , Sunderlin David , Brueseke Matthew E. , Layer Paul W. , Fitzgerald Paul G.
Published: November 2019

The Nutzotin basin of eastern Alaska consists of Upper Jurassic through Lower Cretaceous siliciclastic sedimentary and volcanic rocks that depositionally overlie the inboard margin of Wrangellia, an accreted oceanic plateau. We present igneous geochronologic data from volcanic rocks and detrital geochronologic and paleontological data from nonmarine sedimentary strata that provide constraints on the timing of deposition and sediment provenance. We also report geochronologic data from a dike injected into the Totschunda fault zone, which provides constraints on the timing of intra–suture zone basinal deformation. The Beaver Lake formation is an important sedimentary succession in the northwestern Cordillera because it provides an exceptionally rare stratigraphic record of the transition from marine to nonmarine depositional conditions along the inboard margin of the Insular terranes during mid-Cretaceous time. Conglomerate, volcanic-lithic sandstone, and carbonaceous mudstone/shale accumulated in fluvial channel-bar complexes and vegetated overbank areas, as evidenced by lithofacies data, the terrestrial nature of recovered kerogen and palynomorph assemblages, and terrestrial macrofossil remains of ferns and conifers. Sediment was eroded mainly from proximal sources of upper Jurassic to lower Cretaceous igneous rocks, given the dominance of detrital zircon and amphibole grains of that age, plus conglomerate with chiefly volcanic and plutonic clasts. Deposition was occurring by ca. 117 Ma and ceased by ca. 98 Ma, judging from palynomorphs, the youngest detrital ages, and ages of crosscutting intrusions and underlying lavas of the Chisana Formation. Following deposition, the basin fill was deformed, partly eroded, and displaced laterally by dextral displacement along the Totschunda fault, which bisects the Nutzotin basin. The Totschunda fault initiated by ca. 114 Ma, as constrained by the injection of an alkali feldspar syenite dike into the Totschunda fault zone.

These results support previous interpretations that upper Jurassic to lower Cretaceous strata in the Nutzotin basin accumulated along the inboard margin of Wrangellia in a marine basin that was deformed during mid-Cretaceous time. The shift to terrestrial sedimentation overlapped with crustal-scale intrabasinal deformation of Wrangellia, based on previous studies along the Lost Creek fault and our new data from the Totschunda fault. Together, the geologic evidence for shortening and terrestrial deposition is interpreted to reflect accretion/suturing of the Insular terranes against inboard terranes. Our results also constrain the age of previously reported dinosaur footprints to ca. 117 Ma to ca. 98 Ma, which represent the only dinosaur fossils reported from eastern Alaska.
Osler Centenary Papers: Osler as medical leader
Authors: Singer Donald R J
Published: November 2019

The Canadian physician Sir William Osler is a key figure in the history of modern medicine. He encouraged lifelong learning for doctors, starting with bedside teaching. Contemporary with Old World figures such as Pasteur in Paris and Virchow in Berlin, he played a major role in raising awareness among clinicians of the importance of the scientific basis for the practice of medicine. He championed a rational approach to treatment and did much to encourage avoidance of ‘unnecessary drugging’ by prescribers. He is credited with playing a key role in improving education of medical students and postgraduate education of doctors, with important benefits for the care of hospital patients. He also had a major influence on his medical colleagues through founding and leading medical societies. A century on from his death in December 1919, his specific contributions and how he achieved them are not well known. The aim of this article is to consider the evidence that Osler was an influential medical leader and to reflect on the extent to which the achievements which resulted from his leadership are relevant to modern clinical medicine. Questions of interest include his leadership style, what made for his success as a leader, his medical achievements both in North America and in England, his own insight into leadership and how he was viewed by his peers.
Insight and Associated Factors among Patients with Schizophrenia in Mental Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia, 2018
Authors: Tariku Mandaras , Demilew Demeke , Fanta Tolesa , Mekonnen Meskerem , Abebaw Angaw Dessie
Published: November 2019

Background. Insight is the degree of the patient’s awareness and understanding of their attributions, feelings, behavior and disturbing symptoms. Majority of the patients with schizophrenia have poor insight and insight is an important prognostic indicator in schizophrenia to enhance treatment compliances and reducing the risks of clinical deterioration. The main objective of this study was to assess insight and its associated factors among patients with schizophrenia at mental specialized hospital in Ethiopia. Methods. Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2018 Mental Specialized Hospital among 455 patients with schizophrenia. Insight was measured by an abridged version of Scale to assess unawareness of mental disorder. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Calgary depressive scale, Oslo social support scale was used to identify factors associated with insight. Simple and multiple linear regression analysis were used to assess associated factors of insight in the participants. Results. The mean score of insight was 13.66 (95% CI 13.27, 14.04). Age at first onset of illness, duration of treatments, depressive symptoms were inversely associated with mean insight score; whereas unemployed, positive and negative syndrome, previous hospitalization, >=2 episodes were positively associated with mean insight score. Conclusion. Nearly half of the study participants were scored above the mean insight score so, the clinicians and psychotherapists should have to work together to improve insight among patients with schizophrenia.
Expression Profile Analysis of Selenium-Related Genes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Keshan Disease
Authors: Liu Xiaojuan , He Shulan , Peng Juanxia , Guo Xiong , Tan Wuhong
Published: November 2019

Keshan disease (KD) is an endemic cardiomyopathy, which mainly occurs in China. Selenium deficiency is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of KD, but the molecular mechanism of selenium-induced damage remains unclear. To identify the key genes involved in selenium-induced damage, we compared the expression profiles of selenium-related genes between patients with KD and normal controls. Total RNA was isolated, amplified, labeled, and hybridized to Agilent human 4 × 44 K whole genome microarrays. Selenium-related genes were screened using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. The microarray data were subjected to single-gene and gene ontology (GO) expression analysis using R Studio and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) software. Quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to validate the microarray results. We identified 16 upregulated and 11 downregulated selenium-related genes in patients. These genes are involved in apoptosis, metabolism, transcription regulation, ion transport, and growth and development. Of the significantly enriched GO categories in KD patients, we identified four apoptosis-related, two metabolism-related, four growth and development-related, and four ion transport-related GOs. Based on our results, we suggest that selenium might contribute to the development of KD through dysfunction of selenium-related genes involved in apoptosis, metabolism, ion transport, and growth and development in the myocardium.
Finding Community Modules of Brain Networks Based on PSO with Uniform Design
Authors: Zhang Jie , Tang Lingkai , Liao Bo , Zhu Xiaoshu , Wu Fang-Xiang
Published: November 2019

The brain has the most complex structures and functions in living organisms, and brain networks can provide us an effective way for brain function analysis and brain disease detection. In brain networks, there exist some important neural unit modules, which contain many meaningful biological insights. It is appealing to find the neural unit modules and obtain their affiliations. In this study, we present a novel method by integrating the uniform design into the particle swarm optimization to find community modules of brain networks, abbreviated as UPSO. The difference between UPSO and the existing ones lies in that UPSO is presented first for detecting community modules. Several brain networks generated from functional MRI for studying autism are used to verify the proposed algorithm. Experimental results obtained on these brain networks demonstrate that UPSO can find community modules efficiently and outperforms the other competing methods in terms of modularity and conductance. Additionally, the comparison of UPSO and PSO also shows that the uniform design plays an important role in improving the performance of UPSO.
Testosterone Replacement Therapy and the Risk of Hypoglycemia
Authors: Yamaguchi Analía Verónica , Costanzo Pablo René , Peuchot Verónica Andrea , Knoblovits Pablo
Published: November 2019

We report the case of a 45-year-old man with a history of Klinefelter syndrome undergoing testosterone replacement therapy, and with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin with poor metabolic control. When vildagliptin was added to his treatment, he presented hypoglycemia after the testosterone injection. We highlight this not widely reported drug interaction between hypoglycemic agents and testosterone.
ШЛУНОЧКОВІ ПОРУШЕННЯ РИТМУ НА ТЛІ ГІПЕРФУНКЦІЇ ЩИТОПОДІБНОЇ ЗАЛОЗИ (КЛІНІЧНИЙ ВИПАДОК)
Authors: Dzyha S. V. , Bakalets O. V. , Zaiets T. A. , Behosh N. B.
Published: November 2019

Гіпертиреоз зазвичай пов’язаний із синусовою тахікардією або надшлуночковою тахіаритмією, але рідко з шлуночковими порушеннями. У літературі згадується мало випадків, і ми описали випадок із шлуночковою тахікардією та гіпертиреозом.
СТРУКТУРНО-ПРОСТОРОВЕ РЕМОДЕЛЮВАННЯ СУДИННОГО РУСЛА ЗАДНІХ КІНЦІВОК ЩУРІВ ПРИ ГОСТРІЙ ІШЕМІЇ
Authors: Televiak A. T. , Selskyy P. R. , Herman O. M. , Yushchak M. V. , Selskyy B. P.
Published: November 2019

Мета роботи. Встановити особливості структурно-просторового ремоделювання артерій задніх кінцівок щурів при гострій ішемії, спричиненій накладанням артеріального джгута, та наступній реперфузії.

Матеріали і методи. Проведено рентгенангіографічне та морфометричне дослідження артеріальних судин задніх кінцівок 30 щурів за умов експериментальної гострої ішемії. У контрольній групі було 6 інтактних тварин. Гостру ішемію спричиняли шляхом накладання гумових джгутів SWAT шириною 5–6 мм на задні кінцівки тварин, на рівні пахвинної складки протягом 2 год під тіопенталовим знеболюванням, а реперфузію моделювали шляхом зняття турнікета.

Просторову організацію артерій вивчали у судинних розгалуженнях (трійниках): у стегновій ділянці – в місці роздвоєння м’язової гілки, у підколінній ділянці – в місці біфуркації м’язової краніальної гілки, а в гомілковій – у місці поділу підколінної артерії на краніальну та каудальну великогомілкові артерії. У судинному трійнику вимірювали діаметри основного стовбура, товстішої і тоншої артеріальних гілок, сумарний кут галуження артерій та його складові частини – кут відхилення товстішої і тоншої гілок.

Результати й обговорення. Результати морфометричних досліджень встановили структурно-просторове ремоделювання артеріального русла задніх кінцівок щурів у стегновій, підколінній та гомілковій ділянках кінцівки нижче місця накладання артеріального турнікета. В артеріальних трійниках вказаних ділянок кінцівки виявлено збільшення пересічного діаметра основних стовбурів артерій, яке досягало максимуму через 1 добу експерименту. Так, максимальне зростання діаметра основного стовбура трійника в стегновій ділянці становило 13,11 %, у підколінній ділянці – 13,95 %, а в гомілковій – 14,99 % (для всіх р<0,05) порівняно з групою контролю. При цьому збільшувався діаметр як товстішої, так і (більшою мірою) тоншої трійникової гілки. Одночасно виявлено збільшення загального кута галуження дочірніх гілок в стегновій ділянці на 9,02 %, в підколінній ділянці – на 8,89 %, а у гомілковій – на 6,36 % порівняно з групою контролю (для всіх р<0,05), більшою мірою унаслідок збільшення відхилення тоншої гілки. Через 14 діб реперфузії морфометричні показники повертались до рівня значень контрольної групи.

Висновки. Результати рентгенангіографічного та морфометричного досліджень підтверджують ремоделювання артерій задніх кінцівок щурів у результаті розвитку в дослідних тварин ішемічно-реперфузійного синдрому, яке проявлялося збільшенням пересічного діаметра основних стовбурів артерій судинних трійників та збільшенням кута галуження дочірніх гілок. При цьому виявлено збільшенням діаметрів і кутів відхилення як товстішої, так і (більшою мірою) тоншої трійникової гілки.
A menina e a canção
Authors: Reis Célia Maria Domingues da Rocha , Prada Soares Teresinha Rodrigues
Published: November 2019

Na vertente dos Estudos Comparados, realizamos neste artigo uma análise e interpretação das homologias criativas entre o poema de Mário de Andrade, A Menina e a Cantiga, e a composição A Menina e a Canção, de Heitor Villa-Lobos, em seus aspectos estruturais e semânticos, dialogando com questões ligadas ao Modernismo e ao contexto sociocultural de onde emergem as referidas produções.
Malay Women Leaders in Malaysia: The Unthinkable?
Authors: Saat Norshahril
Published: November 2019

This article examines the position of the Malay religious elite towards the idea of women as leaders. Based on an analysis of the writings and sermons of a sample of the religious elite, the article concludes that they continue to be of the view that gender roles in modern society are ‘fixed’, ‘divine’, and ‘unquestionable’. By exploring Mohammed Arkoun’s concept of the ‘unthinkable’, I argue that the notion that women are unfit for top political leadership positions, by virtue of their gender, results from a parochial attitude towards traditions relating to women’s role in society and from a general failure to re-evaluate traditions in the light of the modern-day context. By traditions here, I refer not only to the hadiths (recorded sayings of the Prophet Mohammad), but also compilations of Qurʾanic exegesis (tafsīr) and juristic opinions (fatāwā, s. fatwa) passed down from one generation to another in the last 1,400 years of Islamic history. The article also explores how the religious elite’s views of gender equality might be reformed—it suggests that they need to be challenged with alternative discourses in order to transform their attitude towards religious sources from one that is unquestioning to one that is more questioning.
Russia’s Strategy for Perception Management through Public Diplomacy and Influence Operations: The Canadian Case
Authors: Potter Evan H.
Published: November 2019

This article argues that official Russian global media platforms such as Russia Today (RT) and Sputnik News, as well as Kremlin-friendly news outlets, represent the overt face of Russia’s global information ecology. The article discusses how such platforms fit into a framework for public diplomacy that has less-restrictive conceptual boundaries, and examines the intersection of public diplomacy with other dimensions of a nation-state’s operations for international influence. The article avers that a broader understanding of Russia’s international communication practices permits the inclusion of so-called ‘sharp’ practices as part of the strategic communications component of public diplomacy. It examines the case study of a Canadian foreign minister’s family history, illustrating Russia’s approach to international perception management through public diplomacy.
Coccinia subsessiliflora, a new record for Kenya and notes on its phylogenetic position

Authors: MELLY DAVID KIMUTAI , WEI NENG , KATHAMBI VIVIAN , RONO PENINAH CHEPTOO , KIPKOECH SOLOMON , WATUMA BENJAMIN MUEMA , KAMAU PERIS , GITURU ROBERT WAHITI , HU GUANG-WAN
Published: November 2019

Coccinia subsessiliflora (Cucurbitaceae) is newly recorded for Kenya, from South Nandi Forest. A morphological description and notes on its distribution and ecology are provided. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of 22 species of Coccinia based on the nuclear DNA sequence of the LEAFY-like 2nd intron was conducted, and the phylogenetic position of C. subsessiliflora is indicated.
New Species of Lissodendoryx Topsent, 1892 (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Coelosphaeridae) and Myxilla Schmidt, 1862 (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Myxillidae) from the Northeast Pacific
Authors: OTT B. , REISWIG H. M. , McDANIEL N. , HARBO R.
Published: November 2019

Collections of sponges by the late Dr. William C. Austin and the authors (N. McDaniel, R. Harbo and B. Ott) provided material for descriptions of new species from two genera of Poecilosclerida for shallow waters of Southern British Columbia, Canada and Northern Washington, USA: Lissodendoryx and Myxilla. There have been no new species of these two genera described for the Northeast Pacific since Laubenfels’ work in central California (Laubenfels 1930, 1932) and Lambe’s reports in 1893 to 1895 for Geological Survey of Canada sponge collections from British Columbia, Canada to the Bering Sea. We describe three new species of Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Coelosphaeridae) and one new species of Myxilla (Myxilla) (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Myxillidae): L. (L.) barkleyensis n. sp., L. (L.) littoralis n. sp., L. (L.) toxaraphida n. sp. and M. (M.) austini n. sp. Lissodendoryx (L.) barkleyensis n. sp. is cave-dwelling, has acanthostyles 112–260 µm, tornotes 107–177 µm, arcuate isochelas 8–28 µm and two sizes of sigmas 18–29, 26–55 µm. Lissodendoryx (L.) littoralis n. sp. fistulate habitus is adapted to muddy substrates similar to some Polymastia species also found commonly in the Northeast Pacific. It has subtylostyles 185–336 µm, tylotes 112–229 µm, arcuate isochelas 11–23 µm, and sigmas 30–75 µm. Lissodendoryx (L.) toxaraphida n. sp. is the only described Lissodendoryx species with raphides shaped like toxas. It has acanthostyles 140–286 µm, tornotes 143–195µm, arcuate isochelas 18–34 µm and toxiform raphides 65–156 µm. Myxilla (M.) austini n. sp. has a fistulate habitus and both tornote and tylote megascleres. It appears to be tolerant of low oxygen environments. Myxilla (M.) austini n. sp. has smooth to sparsely spined styles 193–353 µm, tylotes 153–221 µm, tornotes 174–260 µm, two sizes of anchorate isochelas 13–27, 42–81 µm, and two sizes of sigmas 13–47, 33–78 µm. All specimens were collected from shallow water (intertidal to 25 m).
Biodiversity and chorology of aquatic beetles (Coleoptera: Elmidae and Hydraenidae) in Kabylia (central-north Algeria). New records and updates
Authors: LAMINE SMAIL , LOUNACI ABDELKADER , BENNAS NARD
Published: November 2019

This work presents a list of water beetles of the families Hydraenidae and Elmidae occurring in Kabylia (central-north of Algeria) based on an exhaustive review of literature (1872–2016) and on more than 2126 individuals collected during field campaigns (2013–2015). Twenty-five species belonging to nine genera of Hydraenidae and Elmidae are here recorded from a total of 25 sites. Ochthebius (Ochthebius) bifoveolatus Waltl, 1835 is here recorded for the first time from Algeria; Hydraena leprieuri, Limnebius pilicauda, and Limnius intermedius are new records for Kabylia.                A biogeographical analysis shows that the Hydraenidae and Elmidae from Kabylia are essentially Mediterranean (80%) and Palaearctic (20%) elements. Elements with wider distributions are absent.
AgBrO3/Few-Layer g-C3N4 Composites: A Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalyst for Tetracycline Degradation
Authors: Zhang Jia-Rui , Wu Xiang-Feng , Tong Xin , Zhang Chen-Xu , Wang Hui , Su Jun-Zhang , Jia Yun-Ning , Zhang Mi , Chang Tian-Long , Fu Yun-Xuan
Published: November 2019

The AgBrO3/few-layer g-C3N4 composite photocatalyst has been developed via an in-situ synthetic method. The structure, morphology, light response range, separation and migration efficiency of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs and element valence
state of the as-obtained samples have been characterized. The tetracycline was used to discuss the photocatalytic activities of the samples. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism of the as-obtained composites was also researched. The analysis results show that the photocatalytic degradation
property of the asobtained composite photocatalyst appears to the tendency of first increasing and then decreasing with increasing the amount of AgBrO3 under visible light illumination. When the mass ratio of AgBrO3 to g-C3N4 is 4:3, in 60 min, the
photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the as-obtained composites reaches the maximum of 79%. It is 37% and 45% higher than that of pure AgBrO3 and g-C3N4, respectively. Moreover, the separation and migration efficiency of the photogenerated electron–hole
pairs of the as-prepared composites are also enhanced. In addition, superoxide radicals and holes are the dominant active species during the photocatalytic degradation process.
Challenges in CO2 Reforming with Methane for Production of Hydrogen Rich, Stable Syngas
Authors: Geetha Bhavani A. , Vats Tanvi , Subba Reddy N.
Published: November 2019

Production of hydrogen rich syngas is one of the industrial important reactions as a feedstock for many energy applications. This reactor has environmental benefit as it consume CO2 which is hazardous and creates globe warming. The most economical way to produce syngas is
through transformations of hydrocarbons by several reforming process by both fixed bed and fluidized bed reactors. As many challenges are from catalyst side and setting of reaction parameter to get stable activity for long time on stream. Catalyst synthesis method, characterisation techniques
to confirm crystallinity, morphology, metallic state with percentage of dispersion, amount of the acidic and basic sites and surface area with pore volume are influence the degree of deactivation. The parameters of the reaction are composition of feed (methane to oxygen, CO2 to
methane ratio), temperature, amount of the catalyst, type of the reactor will influence the stable production of syngas. Deactivation by carbon formation and sintering of metals can be remedied by addition of promoters by various synthesis methods. By optimising the parameters need to set
benchmark for hydrogen rich syngas production.
Comparison of Light Trapping Limits Derived Using Various Methods for Thin Film GaAs Solar Cells
Authors: Gupta Nikhil Deep
Published: November 2019

The paper discusses and compares the Lambertian limits for light trapping (LT) in GaAs active layer based thin film solar cells as described by different mathematical theories and expressions. The Lambertian limits for thin film GaAs solar cell provide the maximum efficiency that can
be achieved through LT structures and also indicate the advantage that these structure can provide for the design of GaAs thin film solar cell structure. The purpose to discuss difference Lambertian limit expressions is to understand and predict, which limiting benchmark value is more suited
for nano LT structures based GaAs active material solar cells, considering GaAs material properties. The paper also compares these calculated limiting values with different nano LT structures including photonic crystal structures based designs proposed by the author. The aim is to check how
much close a particular proposed structure is to the Lambertian values, so that we can predict that which is more suitable design to get best efficiency out of the single junction GaAs material based structure. The paper discussed the three Lambertian theories including that of Yablonovitch,
Green and Schuster.
Structural Modelling of Hybrid ZnO–CdSe Nano-Compounds Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Depth-Profiling Technique
Authors: Jain Shefali , Singh Akanksha , Kumar Mahesh , Sharma Shailesh Narain
Published: November 2019

In the present work, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using chemical route method. Composition ratio for Zn:O and various oxidation states were determined using XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) technique. The 1 hr calcined ZnO nanoparticles were found to the best due to their
monodispersed nature (size ˜20 nm) and high purity. These nanoparticles were then used for synthesizing ZnO–CdSe nano-compounds. These nanocrystals were integrated with CdSe qdots (synthesized using Hot-Injection technique) of varied size (5 nm and 8 nm) via MPA (mercaptopropionic
acid) as a linker to develop hybrid nano-compounds for photoactive applications like Quantum Dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSC’s) etc. Here, the main objective of the work was to explore the structure of hybrid nano-compounds. XPS-depth-profiling technique was used as an investigation
technique for the compositional and structural analyses of ZnO–CdSe nano-compounds. The compositional structure was analyzed layer wise (obtained by etching at different time of sputtering) for the exact position of ZnO and CdSe nanoparticles. On the basis of above study utilizing depth
profiling technique of XPS and TEM images, it was found that high quality of hybrid nano-compounds can be synthesized with smaller sized quantum dots, as compared to larger sized quantum dots because of unbounded phosphorus (P) and selenium (Se). Also, it confirms the role of linker that strengthens
the binding of CdSe quantum dots on the surface of ZnO thus making it hard to separate the anchored, interstitial CdSe completely which paves the way for the development of stoichiometric, structurally and morphologically-stable ZnO–CdSe nano-compounds.
Computational Method to Obtain the Lifetime of Electrons for Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Chhetri Nikita , Chatterjee Somenath
Published: November 2019

Limitations in the calculation of the lifetime of electrons experimentally give a way to calculate the lifetime of the electrons inside the grains of the polycrystalline silicon solar cells through modelling. A theoretical model to calculate the same has been reported here for the first
time. Dependency of the solar cell parameters on the lifetime of electrons have been employed to do the calculation. The proposed model has been validated by using the experimentally reported values for calculation.
Spark Plasma Sintering Effect on Thermoelectric Properties of Nanostructured Bismuth Telluride Synthesized by High Energy Ball Milling
Authors: Pundir Sandeep K. , Singh Sukhvir , Jain Parveen
Published: November 2019

Thermoelectric properties of high energy ball milled nano structured bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) have been reported. By high energy ball milling, alloyed bulk crystalline ingots crush into nanopowder and followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS), we have demonstrate
high figure of merit (ZT) in bismuth telluride pellet samples. In this work systematic study carried out on three pellet samples of Bi2Te3, synthesized by high ball milling for the time period of 4 hours, 8 hours and 12 hours and followed by SPS at the same processing
parameters. A peak value of dimensionless figure of merit of about 1.22 at the temperature of 473 K has been achieved for 8 hours ball milled pellet sample. This enhancement in ZT value is mostly due to decrease in thermal conductivity. Results of this study demonstrate that ball milling and
SPS has a major effect in controlling the density of grain boundaries of Bi2Te3 nano particles, while the pressure exerted on the powder samples during SPS introduce stress at the boundaries of the crystallites. These disordered crystallite boundary regions exert scattering
of thermal energy carriers which reduced the thermal conductivity of the materials.
Examining Biases in Diurnally Integrated Shortwave Irradiances due to Two- and Four-Stream Approximations in a Cloudy Atmosphere
Authors: Ham Seung-Hee , Kato Seiji , Rose Fred G.
Published: November 2019

Shortwave irradiance biases due to two- and four-stream approximations have been studied for the last couple of decades, but biases in estimating Earth’s radiation budget have not been examined in earlier studies. To quantify biases in diurnally averaged irradiances, we integrate the two- and four-stream biases using realistic diurnal variations of cloud properties from Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) synoptic (SYN) hourly product. Three approximations are examined in this study: delta-two-stream-Eddington (D2strEdd), delta-two-stream-quadrature (D2strQuad), and delta-four-stream-quadrature (D4strQuad). Irradiances computed by the Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer model (DISORT) and Monte Carlo (MC) methods are used as references. The MC noises are further examined by comparing with DISORT results. When the biases are integrated with one day of solar zenith angle variation, regional biases of D2strEdd and D2strQuad reach up to 8 W m−2, while biases of D4strQuad reach up to 2 W m−2. When the biases are further averaged monthly or annually, regional biases of D2strEdd and D2strQuad can reach −1.5 W m−2 in SW top-of-atmosphere (TOA) upward irradiances and +3 W m−2 in surface downward irradiances. In contrast, regional biases of D4strQuad are within +0.9 for TOA irradiances and −1.2 W m−2 for surface irradiances. Except for polar regions, monthly and annual global mean biases are similar, suggesting that the biases are nearly independent to season. Biases in SW heating rate profiles are up to −0.008 K day−1 for D2strEdd and −0.016 K day−1 for D2strQuad, while the biases of the D4strQuad method are negligible.
The Significance of Dermatoglyphics in Medicine
Authors: Holt Sarah B.
Published: November 2019

Dermatoglyphics already play a role in clinical medicine, Their value will be enhanced as we acquire a better understanding of the ontogenetic development of dermal patterns, particularly in relation to abnormal growth.
From the South to the North: The circulation of Latin American dependency theories in the Federal Republic of Germany
Authors: Ruvituso Clara I
Published: November 2019

Sociological research into the transregional North–South circulation of knowledge in the social sciences and humanities has tended to have a unidirectional bias to date. The standard assumption is that as a result of globalization, theories and methods are spread from the global North to the global South. Based on this premise, many of the studies of circulation focus on the transfer of knowledge in terms of ideas, traditions, authors and concepts from the North to the South. Thus far, little attention has been paid to the transregional circulation of theoretical approaches from the South to the North and their impact on the transformation of the European social sciences and humanities. Analysing the circulation of the Latin American dependency theories in the Federal Republic of Germany, this article addresses precisely this gap. The focus is on processes of institutional consolidation of area studies, North–South mobility, the translation-process into German, application in empirical research, modification and rejection. Focusing on this little-explored orientation regarding the circulation of knowledge, this article is in keeping with the current attempt to analyse transregional entanglements within European social sciences.