bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efectos del sedentarismo y obesidad en el desarrollo psicomotor en niños y niñas: Una revisión de la actualidad latinoamericana
Authors: Cigarroa Igor , Sarqui Carla , Zapata Lamana Rafael
Published: October 2016

ResumenIntroducción: En 1995 la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró la obesidad como una enfermedad. Actualmente, se considera una epidemia en adultos y niños. Su presencia en edades tempranas es factor de riesgo de obesidad y riesgo coronario en la adultez. Los niños con sobrepeso y obesidad practican menos actividad física y más actividades sedentarias. Estos estilos de vida son tal vez los principales responsables de los limitados patrones motores que presentan. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión y compilación de los estudios actuales en Latinoamérica que hablen sobre la relación entre obesidad, sedentarismo y desarrollo psicomotor infantil. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó la búsqueda en Pubmed y Scielo. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron: desarrollo psicomotor, desarrollo motor, retraso en el desarrollo psicomotor, sobrepeso infantil, obesidad infantil, nutrición infantil. Resultados: Existe evidencia que apoya la relación entre sobrepeso/obesidad infantil y un bajo rendimiento en pruebas psicomotoras en estudios realizados en Latinoamérica. No se encontraron estudios de establezcan una relación positiva entre sobrepeso y obesidad y mejores puntajes en test psicomotrices. Conclusiones: Los resultados confirman el negativo impacto que tiene la malnutrición por exceso, en el desarrollo psicomotriz de niños y niñas. Aún cuando, una mayor cantidad de estudios experimentales son necesarios para confirmarlo.AbstractIntroduction: In 1995 the World Health Organization declared obesity as a disease. Currently, obesity is considered an epidemic in both adults and children. The presence of this disease at an early age is a risk factor for obesity and heart disease in adulthood. Increasingly, overweight and obese children practice less physical activity and they are more interested in sedentary activities. These lifestyles are perhaps the main cause of low performance in motor patterns. Objective: To conduct a review and compilation of current studies in Latin America to talk about the relationship between obesity, sedentary lifestyle and children's psychomotor development. Materials and methods: The search was conducted in Pubmed and Scielo. The keywords used were: psychomotor, motor development, delayed motor development, childhood overweight, childhood obesity and childhood nutrition. Results: There is evidence supporting the relationship between childhood overweight/obesity with poor performance in psychomotor tests in Latin America studies. No studies that establish a positive relationship between overweight and obesity with better psychomotor test scores were found. Conclusions: The results confirm the negative impact of malnutrition due to excess of food in children’s psychomotor development. Although a greater number of experimental studies are needed to confirm this statement.
Genes de resistencia en bacilos Gram negativos: Impacto en la salud pública en Colombia
Authors: López Velandia Diana Paola , Torres Caycedo María Inés , Prada Quiroga Carlos Fernando
Published: October 2016

ResumenIntroducción: La resistencia antimicrobiana es un grave problema de salud pública que se encuentra en aumento. Entre los factores más importantes relacionados con la diseminación de bacterias multirresistentes está el uso inapropiado de antibióticos y la aplicación insuficiente de las medidas de prevención y control. Adicionalmente, las bacterias tienen la capacidad de mutar o generar mecanismos de transferencia de genes de resistencia mediante plásmidos, transposones e integrones. Materiales y métodos: Se hizo una revisión crítica de la literatura sobre los principales genes de resistencia Gram negativos y su impacto en la salud pública. Fueron utilizadas las bases de datos de Medline, Embase, Lilacs, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SciELO, the Cochrane Library y Lilacs. Resultados: Se presenta una revisión de literatura que describe y analiza los principales genes de resistencia a antibióticos presentes en bacilos gram negativos, su origen, evolución y diseminación a microorganismos mediante la transferencia horizontal de genes; justificando la importancia de realizar una vigilancia epidemiológica del tránsito de clones con diferentes perfiles de resistencia y principales enzimas. Conclusiones: El seguimiento de la resistencia antimicrobiana desde el punto de vista de la epidemiología molecular forma parte transcendental de la vigilancia antibiótica como lo recomienda la Organización Mundial de la Salud; pues representa el futuro del monitoreo de la resistencia.AbstractIntroduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a serious public health problem that is increasing. Among the most important factors related to the spread of multi-resistant bacteria are the inappropriate use of antibiotics and the insufficient  implementation of prevention and control measures. Additionally, bacteria have the ability to mutate or create mechanisms for transfer of resistance genes via plasmids, transposons and integrons. Materials and methods: A critical review of the literature on major resistance genes in Gram negative bacteria and its impact on public health was conducted. Data have been collected from Medline, Embase, Lilacs, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SciELO, the Cochrane Library and Lilacs. Results: A review of literature that describes and analyzes the main antibiotic resistance genes present in gram-negative bacilli is presented, as well as their origin, evolution, and subsequent spread to hundreds of species of microorganisms by Horizontal gene transfer which justifies the importance of conducting an epidemiological surveillance on transit of clones with different resistance profiles and major enzymes. Conclusions: The control of antimicrobial resistance from the point of view of molecular epidemiology is part of the antibiotic surveillance control as recommended by the World Health Organization; as it represents the future of the surveillance of resistance.
Las enfermedades cardio-cerebro-vasculares en Medellín - Colombia, entre 2000- 2013: ¿un referente para las políticas públicas en salud?
Authors: López-L María Victoria , Pastor-D María del Pilar , Arango-T Gustavo Alberto , Restrepo-T Yesica
Published: October 2016

Introducción: Las políticas públicas son asuntos clave de la gestión gubernamental y su estudio es importante cuando se analiza el impacto que tienen frente a problemas relevantes que se reflejan en el perfil epidemiológico. Objetivo: Analizar la importancia que las enfermedades cardio-cerebro-vasculares tuvieron en la formulación de las políticas públicas en salud en Medellín entre 2000-2013. Materiales y métodos: Enfoque cualitativo con estrategia metodológica de análisis documental de corte hermenéutico. Se tomaron como base los acuerdos aprobados por el Concejo de Medellín y se seleccionaron aquellos, que tienen relación directa o indirecta con estas enfermedades, asimismo se revisaron planes de desarrollo contextualizados en lineamientos de políticas nacionales e internacionales. Resultados: Se encuentra un acuerdo que se refiere explícitamente a estas enfermedades. La mayoría son políticas orientadas, a grupos específicos o problemáticas relacionadas con promoción de la salud y prevención de las enfermedades cardio-cerebro-vasculares. El seguimiento y evaluación son fases menos tenidas en cuenta en el ciclo de las políticas públicas. Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de una concepción amplia de la salud que oriente la formulación de las políticas locales e impacte un problema tan complejo e importante para el municipio, como lo son estas enfermedades.Abstract Introduction: Public policy is a key element to government administration and its study is important when analyzing the impact it has on relevant issues evidenced in the epidemiological profile. Objective: To analyze the importance of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in the development of public policy in health in Medellin between 2000 and 2013. Materials and methods: A qualitative approach with hermeneutic documentary analysis was done. The agreements approved by the Medellin council were taken as a base, from which those directly or indirectly related with these diseases were selected. Plans of action based on national and international policy guidelines were also reviewed. Results: An agreement that explicitly referred to these diseases was found. Most policy is oriented toward specific groups or issues related to health promotion and the prevention of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Follow-up and  evaluation are the most overlooked stages of the public policy cycle. Conclusions: These results suggest the need for a broader definition of health that foments local policy development and impacts such a complex and important issue  for the city by taking into account these diseases.
Desarrollo de dos fórmulas infantiles como alternativa económica y saludable para seguridad alimentaria y nutricional de la población lactante
Authors: López-Marín Beatriz Estella , Álvarez-Rivera Julie Maritza , Carvajal de Pabón Luz Marina
Published: October 2016

Introducción: Cuando la lactancia materna no es posible, se recurre a otros alimentos que brinden los nutrientes necesarios a los bebés, como las fórmulas infantiles, con características nutricionales que cumplan con la reglamentación actual y permitan un adecuado crecimiento al lactante. Objetivo: Diseñar dos fórmulas líquidas para lactantes que aporten los requerimientos diarios de macronutrientes y algunos micronutrientes (ácido fólico, zinc, calcio y hierro), con leche de vaca, higienizada por pasteurización, de bajo costo para que sea más asequible para la población lactante vulnerable a la vez que contribuye con su crecimiento. Materiales y métodos: Estudio exploratorio desarrollado en dos fases, formulación y elaboración de los productos y verificación de su eficacia en el crecimiento de lactantes. Resultados: Los productos cumplen con los requisitos de fabricación exigidos, de bajo costo y son capaces de sustentar un crecimiento normal, según clasificación de OMS. Conclusión: Las fórmulas desarrolladas tienen un adecuado aporte de macro y micronutrientes con características sensoriales y microbiológicas bajo los criterios exigidos por la reglamentación internacional y nacional, de bajo costos, permitiendo un adecuado crecimiento al lactante. AbstractIntroduction: When breastfeeding is not feasible, other sources to provide the required nutrients to babies are sought, such as infant formulas that comply with current regulation and with the baby’s growth requirements. Objective: To design two liquid infant formulas that provide daily macronutrients and some micronutrients (folic acid, zinc, calcium, and iron) requirements, based on low-cost pasteurized cow milk in order to be more affordable for vulnerable babies and to contribute with their growth. Materials and Methods: Exploratory study developed in two phases: Formulation and preparation of the infant formula and verification of its efficacy in terms of babies’ growth. Results: The infant formulas comply with all manufacturing requirements, are inexpensive, and appropriate to sustain normal growth, according to WHO. Conclusion: The two infant formulas developed have adequate macronutrient and micronutrient contribution with sensorial and microbiological characteristics that comply with local and foreign regulations, are inexpensive, and appropriate to sustain babies’ normal growth.
MicroRNAs asociados al Cáncer de Cuello Uterino
Authors: Guerrero Florez Milena , Guerrero Gómez Olivia Alexandra
Published: October 2016

Los microRNAs (miRNAs) tienen especial interés en oncología, se ha demostrado el papel de miRNAs en el control de la expresión de genes reguladores del ciclo celular, alteración génica y su implicación en diferentes tipos de cáncer. En este estudio, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de literatura científica en bases de datos, que establecieran asociación de miRNAs con Cáncer de Cuello Uterino-CCU. Se analizó la localización genómica y cromosómica de miRNAs, la clasificación funcional, grupos de miRNAs al que pertenecen y su implicación en la progresión del CCU. Como resultado, se incluyeron 139 artículos científicos sobre miRNAs en CCU. Se identificaron 272 miRNAs en total y de ellos 252 miRNAs con expresión diferencial en tejidos cancerosos de cuello uterino; de estos, 97 miRNAs están sobre-expresados y 88 miRNAs infra-expresados. 67 miRNAs tuvieron perfiles de expresión variables. La mayoría de miRNAs asociados al CCU se encontraron en los cromosomas 1, 14, 19 y X, así como en regiones intrónicas e intergénicas. El cromosoma 18 humano contiene el menor número de miRNAs. Se identificaron miRNAs en procesos asociados al control del ciclo celular y respuesta inflamatoria. No obstante, se requieren más estudios para esclarecer los mecanismos de los miRNAs en desarrollo del CCU. Con esta revisión se destaca la importancia de miRNAs como biomarcadores pronóstico y diagnóstico, se brinda una actualización sobre miRNAs asociados al CCU y sus lesiones precursoras y se genera un recurso de recopilación y consulta valioso para orientar investigaciones de medicina molecular en este campo.
Forecasting Agricultural Production: A Chaotic Dynamic Approach
Authors: Demir Bunyamin , Alptekin Nesrin , Kilicaslan Yilmaz , Ergen Mehmet , Caglarirmak Uslu Nilgun
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study is to examine the existence of chaotic structure in agricultural production in Turkey by using Chaotic Dynamic Analysis (CDA) and to provide accurate forecasts of agricultural production. The data of wheat, barley and rice production in Turkey obtained from Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) covers the period of 1991 to 2009. Our analysis shows that the supply of the selected agricultural products has a chaotic structure. Our dynamic system constructed predicted the supply of year 2010 with % 0.5 error for wheat, %5 error for barley, and %2.5 error ratio for rice. This study is the first attempt using CDA to forecast future agricultural product supply in Turkey. The findings of this study will help to produce effective policies to prevent supply disequilibrium, and excess price fluctuations.
Circular Causality of R&D and Export in EU countries
Authors: Cetin Dilek , Cincera Michele
Published: October 2016

The main objective of the study is to explore the relationship between Research and Development (R&D) investments and export behaviour in EU countries in the aspect of competitiveness. To this end, the micro-aggregated Community Innovation Survey 3 (CIS3) is used. Both the volume and the decision of R&D investment and export are found to be mutually dependent. Particularly, in manufacturing industry, the effect of export on R&D is underestimated and the one of R&D on export is overestimated. In the knowledge intensive sectors, circular causality link is broken between the R&D and export.
Measuring Up to Expectation: Cognitive Bias in Wrist Range-of-Motion Measurement
Authors: Rotem-Lehrer Nirit , Singer Natali , Reshit Ofri , Springer Shmuel
Published: October 2016

Study Design

Controlled laboratory study, cross-sectional design.

Background

The role of cognitive biases and their effect on a wide range of aspects relevant to clinical medicine has become the focus of a growing body of research, yet their effect in physical therapy is not well established.

Objectives

To test whether anchoring information provided to physical therapists prior to assessment of wrist range of motion (ROM) may induce bias in the measurement.

Methods

A total of 120 physical therapists participated in the study. Participants were asked to measure passive wrist extension ROM of a 65-year-old woman with no history of injury to the upper limb using a universal goniometer. Before initiating the measurement, some participants received a clinical description, which included sham information about the patient's health history. Three groups were differentiated according to the provided clinical content: no bias (n = 38), moderate bias (n = 41), and substantial bias (n = 41). An analysis of covariance was applied to test for differences between the 3 groups while controlling for any potential sex and experience effects.

Results

The analysis of covariance yielded a significant group effect (P = .009), with no significant effect for sex and experience. The adjusted mean wrist ROM was 80.2° for the no-bias group, 74.5° for the moderate-bias group, and 72.4° for the substantial-bias group. Post hoc tests demonstrated significant difference only between the group with no bias and the substantial-bias group (mean difference, 7.7°; P = .009).

Conclusion

Anchoring information was associated with differential results of an objective test. Physical therapists should increase their awareness of biases and consider employing debiasing strategies. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(12):1037–1041. Epub 30 Oct 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6845
Combined CT guided tru-cut biopsy and imprint cytology in the diagnosis of bone tumors and tumor like lesions
Authors: Savithri Moothiringode Chitrabhanu , Kavitha Kanjirakkad , Puthoor Dominic
Published: October 2016

Background: Bone lesions are often histologically  heterogenous. The advantage of tru-cut biopsies in this context is that they provide a safe and accurate biopsy technique that can be performed in less specialized centers.  In this series we found combination of biopsy and cytology helpful in diagnosing bone lesions. However clinical picture and radiologic features are vital in arriving at a final diagnosis.Aims and Objective: 1) To assess the diagnostic accuracy of combined CT guided tru-cut biopsy and imprint cytology  in the diagnosis of bone tumors and tumor like lesions. 2)To analyze the spectrum of different bone lesions.Materials and Methods: 108 consecutive cases of bone lesions for which CT guided  tru-cut biopsy and imprint cytology were done between June 2010 and april 2012 were retrospectively studied. Both smears and biopsies were categorized into five groups.Correlation between biopsy and cytology were also evaluated.Results: Total number of cases were 108 of which 8 cases were inconclusive . In 100 cases a useful opinion could be given. There were 36 cases of primary bone tumors, 13 cases of plasma cell neoplasms, 42 metastatic tumors, 9 non neoplastic lesions and 8 inconclusive cases. Conclusion: Preliminary diagnosis of bone lesions before definitive therapy helps to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures. Tru cut biopsies supplemented by imprint cytology can provide definitive diagnosis in majority of cases.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(6) 2016 40-42
Knowledge, perception and practice of self-medication among premedical and basic science undergraduate medical students
Authors: Shankar P Ravi , Dubey Arun K , Dwivedi Neelam R , Nandy A , Barton B
Published: October 2016

Aims and Objective: Responsible self-medication is recognized as an important component of self-care. Medical students are in a unique position as they cannot yet legally prescribe medicines but their knowledge about and exposure to medicines increase as they progress through their course. Xavier University School of Medicine in Aruba admits students mainly from the United States, Canada and other countries to the undergraduate medical course. The present study was carried out to study the knowledge, perceptions and practice of self-medication among premedical and undergraduate medical students.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted during June and July 2016 using a questionnaire which had been used previously.  Knowledge and perceptions were studied by noting the respondents’ degree of agreement with asset of 40 statements. The use of selected classes of medicines for self-medication during the preceding one-year period was studied. The knowledge, perception and total scores were calculated and compared among different subgroups of respondents. Age, gender, nationality and semester of study of the respondents were noted.Results: Eighty-five of the 125 students enrolled (69.1%) participated. The mean knowledge, perception and total scores were 73.45, 62.75 and 136.2 (maximum possible scores were 105, 95 and 200 respectively). There was no significant difference in scores among subgroups of respondents. Analgesics, skin ointments, antipyretics and anti-allergics were commonly used for self-medication. Over half the respondents had used some form of self-medication during the preceding year.      Conclusion: The present study provides preliminary information regarding self-medication practices among both premedical and basic science medical students. Further studies on factors influencing and information sources used during self-medication can be conducted. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 63-68
Evaluation of Serum 25 Hydroxy Vitamin D level in acute myocardial infarction patients in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Rath Debapriya , Nanda Rachita , Mishra Pramila Kumari , Patra Pradeep Kumar
Published: October 2016

Background: Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death worldwide with acute myocardial infarction being the most severe manifestation. Recent evidences have linked vitamin D in the pathogenesis of the coronary risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, obesity and smoking.Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken with an aim to look for the vitamin D status of the AMI patients and its relation if any with the above mentioned risk factors.Material and Methods: One hundred acute myocardial infarction patients along with one hundred age and sex matched healthy controls were included in the study and the serum 25 (OH) D was estimated in both the groups.Results: Serum 25 (OH) Vit D level was found to be lower in cases (19.6±6.85 ng/ml) than in controls (27.5±6.23 ng/ml) (p<0.001).The decreased vitamin D level was associated with the incidence of AMI after adjusting for other risk factors. The serum vitamin D level was significantly decreased in the patients having risk factors among the AMI group.Conclusion: The present study showed a significantly low serum vitamin D in AMI patients . Given the therapeutic safety and inexpensiveness of vitamin D, further studies may be undertaken to look for the effect of its supplementation on coronary artery disease. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(6) 2016 11-15
Food Consumption Pattern and Lifestyle Modification Traits in Relation to the Level of Stress among Individuals of Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Bisht Anju T. , Kukreti Vallari T.
Published: October 2016

The increase in the stress generated psychophysiological disorders promotes a probe into the influence of lifestyle modification factors and food consumption on stress .Hence, the present study aims to study, firstly, the impact of lifestyle modification factors on stress in reference to sex and secondly, the frequency of the consumption of major food groups by individuals experiencing various levels of stress in reference to sex. An exploratory study comprising a sample of 117 individuals (62females and 55 males) of age range 22-55years was conducted in Uttarakhand, India. PSSI was administered for assessing the levels of stress. Questionnaires were developed for identifying lifestyle modification factors and food consumption pattern. Mean scores and percentages were employed to describe the data. t-test and χ² were deployed for the assessment of significant difference. Non vegetarian females, male smokers and alcoholics of both the sexes revealed higher stress than their counterparts. Females consuming junk and market food had lower stress than those females who were not consuming the same. Contrary to the females, males consuming junk and market food had higher stress levels than the males who were not consuming junk and market food. Significant differences were found in the stress levels of males who consumed roots and tubers, milk based products and saturated fats. Further studies with larger sample size are required.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 3, Issue-4: 239-245
Microfinance and Poverty Alleviation in Southwest Nigeria: Empirical Evidence
Authors: Taiwo J.N. , Agwu M.E. , Aregan A.I. , Ikpefan O.A.
Published: October 2016

In order to alleviate poverty and improve the living standard of the people of South-West Nigeria, it is imperative that micro/small financial services such as credit, insurance, money transfer, etc. are provided in order to engage them actively in productive activities. Globally, there are several failed policies by governments, particularly in Nigeria over the years aimed at poverty alleviation. This study examines microfinance scheme towards the dispersion of credit amongst the working poor; draws from the data collected from field survey and these were reported using tables, frequency counts and cross-tabulations to draw inferences and a loan demand model was specified and estimated using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) econometric technique.The study used cross-sectional data collected from selected respondents in selected areas of both the Lagos and Ogun States of Nigeria respectively. The study found that majority of the Microfinance banks in Nigeria are model after the Grameen Bank which is aimed at the poor and people with basic, little or no education and that loan demand is interest rate insensitive. Therefore, MFIs should design appropriate products that are flexible enough to meet the different needs of the poor for both production and consumption purposes. Besides, governments (local, state and Federal) should urgently tackle the infrastructural gaps such as electricity, water and efficient transportation system which impact greatly on the standard of living of the people.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 3, Issue-4: 256-266
Demographic Changes and Growth of Population in Uttar Pradesh: Trends and Status
Authors: Baliyan Sandeep Kumar
Published: October 2016

In this paper we are examines the structure change and population growth trend in Uttar Pradesh. Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in the country, accounting for 16.4 percent of the country’s population. The structure of state income shows that the contribution of primary sector has declined to 41 percent of the state income, though the sector still sustain 73 percent of the total working force. Availability of land & natural resource and environment play an important role in the development of any country or states. But utilization of these resources and best use of economic development is possible only by people. People are searching and best utilize these natural resources according to their needs. The demographics population of Uttar Pradesh is a multifarious subject, which is undergoing dynamic change. To understand the population it is very important to understand its all charterstic in which age composition has an important role. The working population and work participation rate highlights the occupational distribution of a states. The information is essential for calculating state domestic product at factor cost popularly known as “State Income” for important tertiary sectors by adopting statistical methods of interpolation/extrapolation. The generally well performing states are Kerala, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Goa, and Punjab, which occupy the first five places in the years. On the other hand, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan, and Chhattisgarh appear at the bottom of the list in the years. Thus, despite some catching-up witnessed in the states with low human development, the progress has not been rapid enough to change the inter se ranking radically.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 3, Issue-4: 228-238
Demographic Characteristics of Applicants to, and Students of, Ontario Physiotherapy Education Programs, 2004–2014: Trends in Gender, Geographical Location, Aboriginal Identity, and Immigrant Status
Authors: Coghlan Cara M. , Mallinger Hilary , McFadden Alison , Richard Jocelynn , Stern Arlee , Norman Kathleen E.
Published: October 2016

Purpose: The authors analyzed the demographics of potential future physiotherapists to determine whether they were representative of the Canadian population. The specific objectives were to examine selected demographic variables from all applicants to and students in Ontario English-language Master of Physical Therapy programmes in admission cycles 2004–2014, inclusive, and to analyze the results as compared with Canadian population data. Method: Anonymized applicant records (n=14,135) were obtained for admission cycles 2004–2014, inclusive. Variables examined for applicants and students included their gender, geographical location from Canadian and international regions, Aboriginal identity, and immigrant status. A descriptive analysis of counts and proportions was conducted for all variables. Results: The majority of applicants were women (70%), from southern Ontario (73%), and Canadian born (82%). Aboriginal and rural applicants made up small proportions of the applicant pool (1% and 12%, respectively). The number of applicants from British Columbia was proportionally high relative to those from other Canadian provinces. Conclusion: Although Ontario's physiotherapy education programmes remain female dominated, the demographics of applicants and students are otherwise mostly representative of the diverse Canadian population, although very low in the number of Aboriginal peoples. Further research is needed to understand the diversity and composition of the Canadian physiotherapy workforce.
Emerging roles for histone deacetylases in age-related muscle atrophy
Authors: Walsh Michael E. , Van Remmen Holly
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle atrophy during aging, a process known as sarcopenia, is associated with muscle weakness, frailty, and the loss of independence in older adults. The mechanisms contributing to sarcopenia are not totally understood, but muscle fiber loss due to apoptosis, reduced stimulation of anabolic pathways, activation of catabolic pathways, denervation, and altered metabolism have been observed in muscle from old rodents and humans.

OBJECTIVE: Recently, histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been implicated in muscle atrophy and dysfunction due to denervation, muscular dystrophy, and disuse, and HDACs play key roles in regulating metabolism in skeletal muscle. In this review, we will discuss the role of HDACs in muscle atrophy and the potential of HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of sarcopenia.

CONCLUSIONS: Several HDAC isoforms are potential targets for intervention in sarcopenia. Inhibition of HDAC1 prevents muscle atrophy due to nutrient deprivation. HDAC3 regulates metabolism in skeletal muscle and may inhibit oxidative metabolism during aging. HDAC4 and HDAC5 have been implicated in muscle atrophy due to denervation, a process implicated in sarcopenia. HDAC inhibitors are already in use in the clinic, and there is promise in targeting HDACs for the treatment of sarcopenia.
Factors associated with institutional delivery among the rural women in Bangladesh
Authors: Das Akkur Chandra , Biswas Manaj Kumar
Published: October 2016

Maternal mortality and morbidity rates in Bangladesh along with poor health care access are still high. The aim of this study was to identify associated factors with institutional delivery among rural women in Bangladesh. The cross sectional study conducted among the rural women aged 15-49 years old in seven sub-districts of Bhola district, Bangladesh. The study sample size was 250 rural women who were purposively selected. Hazards Model Analysis, namely univariate (Model 1) and multivariate (Model 2) binary logistic regression analyses, was performed in the final analysis. Employing the hazards analysis, the study had identified that the maternal characteristics such as mothers education, age, and media exposure were more important covariates associated in explaining institutional delivery (Model 1). Education of mother, exposure of media, and family income were strongly and positively associated with the risk of termination of institutional delivery in the both Model 1 and Model 2. Mothers with higher education have a positive significant effect on the termination of institutional delivery, when compared with women of education below secondary. The findings of the present study are likely to the government and policy makers to take appropriate measures to decrease delivery complexities and mortalities by increasing institutional delivery facility where the facility is lacking.Mediscope Vol. 3, No. 2: July 2016, Pages 18-25
Desert Earth: Geophilosophy and the Anthropocene
Authors: Tynan Aidan
Published: October 2016

The figure of the desert features extensively throughout the two volumes of Capitalism and Schizophrenia and is a recurring motif in Deleuze's sole-authored works. While recent book-length studies place geophilosophy at the forefront of Deleuze and Guattari's thought ( Flaxman 2012 ; Woodard 2013 ; Gasché 2014 ), the theme of the desert is mentioned in these studies only in passing, if at all. Understanding the role of the desert in the evolution of Deleuze and Guattari's collaborative enterprise is, however, important for a number of reasons: firstly, it allows us to track the relationship between schizoanalysis and the wider project of geophilosophy and why the one necessary implies the other. Secondly, it helps us to position Deleuze and Guattari's work relative to other key figures such as Nietzsche and Heidegger who employ images of deserts and wastelands in their critique of modernity. Thirdly, and most importantly, it gives us a framework for theorising the Anthropocene – and the forms of capitalist spatiality that dominate it – as an epoch of both physical and metaphysical desertification in which the relationship between life and its material ground becomes ever more uncertain. The article concludes by relating Deleuze's remarks on desert islands to our contemporary environmental condition.
Assembling the Mechanosphere: Monod, Althusser, Deleuze and Guattari
Authors: Dukes Hunter
Published: October 2016

While the ‘mechanosphere’ is a concept mentioned only six times in A Thousand Plateaus, it is fundamental to the way Deleuze and Guattari construct their geophilosophy. In this article, I argue that the mechanosphere solves what Louis Althusser calls the idealist coupling of mechanism and spiritualism implicit in Teilhard de Chardin's noosphere and in Jacques Monod's appropriation of the term. My contention is that the mechanosphere must be contextualised within Althusser's critique of Monod, delivered during the ‘Philosophy Course for Scientists’ at the École normale supérieure rue d'Ulm in 1967. Reading A Thousand Plateaus (1980) against Monod's Chance and Necessity (1970) and Althusser's Philosophy and the Spontaneous Philosophy of Scientists (1967), I argue that the mechanosphere evacuates the spectre of an ‘idealist tendency’ latent in Monod's molecular science. By refashioning Teilhard's Omega point, Deleuze and Guattari create a sphere that serves as an asymptote on the horizon of ecological history – a projected point of complete destratification between the production of human subjects and planetary ecology. Ultimately, the mechanosphere nuances contemporary treatments of the Anthropocene, asking us to consider not only how humanity is overwhelming natural forces, but also how the former category is becoming increasingly indistinguishable from the latter.
The Modern Political Cinema: From Third Cinema to Contemporary Networked Biopolitics
Authors: Holtmeier Matthew
Published: October 2016

Political cinema, particularly third cinema of the 1960s and subsequently inspired films, often relies upon the formation and transformation of subjectivity. Such films depict a becoming-political of their characters, such as Ali LaPointe's transformation from bricklayer and boxer to revolutionary in Battle of Algiers (La battaglia di Algeri, Gillo Pontecorvo, 1966 ). As subjects are politicized, they reveal social, moral, existential, or ethical exigencies that drive the politics of the film. In this respect, most narrative-driven political cinema is biopolitical cinema, although its expression shifts from film to film, or from one period of time to another. Gilles Deleuze articulated such a shift in his two works on cinema, Cinema 1: The Movement-Image and Cinema 2: The Time-Image. Namely, he points to the breaking of the link between action and reaction that marks a shift from pre-World War II cinema to the postwar filmmaking environment. To update Deleuze's project on political cinema, this article posits another qualitative shift in political cinema stemming from the emergence of neoliberal economic policies and the growth of networked information systems from the 1990s to the present. This shift compromises earlier models of political cinema and results in a modern political cinema based on the fragmentation of political publics and the formation of new political exigencies. Two films set in Algeria will be used to document this shift in political modes, in a move towards the modern political cinema: Battle of Algiers and Outside the Law (Hors-la-loi, Rachid Bouchareb, 2010 ).
Philosophy of Mind and Body in Andrei Tarkovsky's Solaris
Authors: Tumanov Vladimir
Published: October 2016

Andrei Tarkovsky's film Solaris (1972) is studied through the lens of philosophy of mind. The question of memory and personhood, as developed by John Locke and then expanded by Derek Parfit, is applied to the status of Hari – the copy of the protagonist's deceased wife. The key question addressed by this paper is on what basis Hari can (or should?) be considered human. Hari's personhood is further analyzed in the context of Cartesian dualism, the response to Descartes by reductionism and the rebuttal of reductionism by the functionalist theories of Hilary Putnam. Descartes' thoughts on animal suffering and the bête-machine are pitted against Hari's experience in Solaris. The key question is whether Hari can be reduced to her alien structure or should be considered in terms of her behavior. The moral implications of these questions are extended to human sociality, human emotional response and the role of the body in the human condition.
Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) Identification in the Progeny of a Polycross
Authors: Pauly Laurence , Flajoulot Sandrine , Garon Jérôme , Julier Bernadette , Béguier Vincent , Barre Philippe
Published: October 2016

Connected multiparental crosses are valuable for detecting quantitative trait loci (QTL) with multiple alleles. The objective of this study was to show that the progeny of a polycross can be considered as connected mutiparental crosses and used for QTL identification. This is particularly relevant in outbreeding species showing strong inbreeding depression and for which synthetic varieties are created. A total of 191 genotypes from a polycross with six parents were phenotyped for plant height (PH) and plant growth rate (PGR) and genotyped with 82 codominant markers. Markers allowed the identification of the male parent for each sibling and so the 191 genotypes were divided into 15 full-sib families. The number of genotypes per full-sib family varied from 2 to 28. A consensus map of 491 cM was built and QTL were detected with MCQTL-software dedicated to QTL detection in connected mapping populations. Two major QTL for PH and PGR in spring were identified on linkage groups 3 and 4. These explained from 12% to 22% of phenotypic variance. The additive effects reached 12.4 mm for PH and 0.11 mm/C°d for PGR. This study shows that the progenies of polycrosses can be used to detect QTL.
Phosphorus Deficiency Alters Nutrient Accumulation Patterns and Grain Nutritional Quality in Rice
Authors: Rose Terry , Kretzschmar Tobias , Liu Lei , Lancaster Graham , Wissuwa Matthias
Published: October 2016

The accumulation of biomass and mineral nutrients during the post-anthesis period was investigated in field-grown rice plants cultivated in phosphorus (P)-sufficient vs. P-deficient soil. Phosphorus deficiency reduced biomass accumulation by around 30%, and reduced the accumulation of all nutrients in aboveground plant biomass except sulfur (S) and copper (Cu). Ultimately, grain zinc (Zn), Cu, and calcium (Ca) concentrations were significantly higher in P-deficient plants, while grain magnesium (Mg) concentrations were significantly lower. While P deficiency caused a 40% reduction in the concentration of the anti-nutrient phytate in the grain, this was offset by a 40% reduction in grain starch lysophospholipids, which have positive benefits for human health and grain quality.
Low-Cost Temperature Logger for a Polymerase Chain Reaction Thermal Cycler
Authors: Park Chan-Young , Cho Jae-Hyeon , Kim Yu-Seop , Song Hye-Jeong , Kim Jong-Dae
Published: October 2016

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method of amplifying DNA which is normally carried out with a thermal cycler. To obtain more accurate and reliable PCR results, the temperature change within the chamber of the thermal cycler needs to be verified and calibrated regularly. Commercially available temperature loggers commonly used for temperature verification tests usually require a graphical user interface (GUI) attached to the logger for convenience and straightforward understanding of the device. In this study, a host-local architecture for the temperature logger that significantly reduces the development time and cost is proposed. Employing standard computing devices as the host gives better development environment and user-friendly GUI. This paper presents the hardware and software design of the host-local temperature logger, and demonstrates the use of the local temperature logger connected to a personal computer with a Windows operating system. The probe design, thermistor resistance measurement, temperature filtering, and temperature calibration is described in detail. The thermistor self-heating problem was investigated in particular to determine the reference resistor that was serially connected to the thermistor. The temperature accuracy and temporal precision of the proposed system was 0.1 K.
Particulate Matter Emission Factors for Biomass Combustion
Authors: Simões Amaral Simone , Andrade de Carvalho João , Martins Costa Maria , Pinheiro Cleverson
Published: October 2016

Emission factor is a relative measure and can be used to estimate emissions from multiple sources of air pollution. For this reason, data from literature on particulate matter emission factors from different types of biomass were evaluated in this paper. Initially, the main sources of particles were described, as well as relevant concepts associated with particle measurements. In addition, articles about particle emissions were classified and described in relation to the sampling environment (open or closed) and type of burned biomass (agricultural, garden, forest, and dung). Based on this analysis, a set of emission factors was presented and discussed. Important observations were made about the main emission sources of particulate matter. Combustion of compacted biomass resulted in lower particulate emission factors. PM2.5 emissions were predominant in the burning of forest biomass. Emission factors were more elevated in laboratory burning, followed by burns in the field, residences and combustors.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Thermal Stability of 1D Linear Silver(I) Coordination Polymers with 1,1,2,2-Tetra(pyrazol-1-yl)ethane
Authors: Semitut Evgeny , Komarov Vladislav , Sukhikh Taisiya , Filatov Evgeny , Potapov Andrei
Published: October 2016

Two new linear silver(I) nitrate coordination polymers with bitopic ligand 1,1,2,2-tetra(pyrazol-1-yl)ethane were synthesized. Synthesized compounds were characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. Silver coordination polymers demonstrated a yellow emission near 500 nm upon excitation at 360 nm. Crystal structures of coordination polymers were determined and structural peculiarities are discussed. In both of the structures, silver ions are connected via bridging ligand molecules to form polymeric chains with a five-atomic environment. The coordination environment of the central atom corresponds to a distorted trigonal bipyramid with two N atoms of different ligands in apical positions. The Ag–N bond distances vary in a wide range of 2.31–2.62 Å, giving strongly distorted metallacycles. Thermolysis of coordination polymers in reductive atmosphere (H2/He) leads to the formation of silver nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution.
Entropy Analysis of a Railway Network’s Complexity
Authors: Valério Duarte , Lopes António , Tenreiro Machado José
Published: October 2016

Railway networks are among the many physical systems that reveal a fractal structure. This paper studies the Portuguese railway system, and analyzes how it evolved over time, namely what concerns the structure of its different levels, and its distribution over the territory. Different mathematical tools are adopted, such as fractal dimension, entropy and state space portrait. The results are consistent with the historical evolution of the network.
Nonlinear Coupled Dynamics of a Rod Fastening Rotor under Rub-Impact and Initial Permanent Deflection
Authors: Hu Liang , Liu Yibing , Teng Wei , Zhou Chao
Published: October 2016

A nonlinear coupled dynamic model of a rod fastening rotor under rub-impact and initial permanent deflection was developed in this paper. The governing motion equation was derived by the D’Alembert principle considering the contact characteristic between disks, nonlinear oil-film force, rub-impact force, unbalance mass, etc. The contact effects between disks was modeled as a flexural spring with cubical nonlinear stiffness. The coupled nonlinear dynamic phenomena of the rub-impact rod fastening rotor bearing system with initial permanent deflection were investigated by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. Bifurcation diagram, vibration waveform, frequency spectrum, shaft orbit and Poincaré map are used to illustrate the rich diversity of the system response with complicated dynamics. The studies indicate that the coupled dynamic responses of the rod fastening rotor bearing system under rub-impact and initial permanent deflection exhibit a rich nonlinear dynamic diversity, synchronous periodic-1 motion, multiple periodic motion, quasi-periodic motion and chaotic motion can be observed under certain conditions. Larger radial stiffness of the stator will simplify the system motion and make the oil whirl weaker or even disappear at a certain rotating speed. With the increase of initial permanent deflection length, the instability speed of the system gradually rises, and the chaotic motion region gets smaller and smaller. The corresponding results can provide guidance for the fault diagnosis of a rub-impact rod fastening rotor with initial permanent deflection and contribute to the further understanding of the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the rod fastening rotor bearing system.