bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unprecedented Cyclic Isomer of Triazenes: A Computational Identification
Authors: Xin Jing‐fan , Ding Yi‐hong
Published: June 2017

Isomerism is very important in chemistry. Over the past 65 years, the energy‐rich N3R3 family has received considerable attention both experimentally and computationally. Up to now, four isomeric types of N3R3 have been identified, i.e., triazenes I, triimides II, iso‐triazenes III, and cyclo‐triazanes IV. In this work, via the composite CBS‐QB3 study on the isomers and transition states of N3H3—the simplest N3R3 system, we unexpectedly found a new structural type V, which contains a N3 three‐membered ring with one nitrogen‐nitrogen dative bond in the ring (i.e., cyclic ammonia‐nitrene interaction). Of all the N3H3 isomers, V lies the highest in energy (78.7 kcal/mol above the global triazene) and possesses a relatively low conversion barrier 8.9 kcal/mol. Yet quite promisingly, suitably choosing substituents can tune the rate‐determining barrier of V to reach around 20 kcal/mol. Thus, synthesis of the newly found triazene isomer V is highly probable.
An experimental study on the applicability of SYN cookies to networked constrained devices
Authors: Echevarria Juan Jose , Garaizar Pablo , Legarda Jon
Published: June 2017

The Internet protocol suite is increasingly used on devices with constrained resources that operate as both clients and servers within the Internet of Things paradigm. However, these devices usually apply few—if any—security measures. Therefore, they are vulnerable to network attacks, particularly to denial of service attacks. The well‐known SYN flood attack works by filling up the connection queue with fake SYN requests. When the queue is full, new connections cannot be opened until some entries are removed after a time‐out. Class 2 constrained devices—according to the RFC 7228—are highly vulnerable to this attack because of their limited available memory, even in low‐rate attacks. This paper analyses and compares in a class 2 constrained device the performance of 2 commonly used defence mechanisms (ie, recycle half‐open connections and SYN cookies) during a low‐rate SYN flood. We first review 2 SYN cookies implementations (ie, Linux and FreeBSD) and compare them with a hybrid approach in a class 2 device. Finally, experimental results prove that the proposed SYN cookies implementation is more effective than recycling the oldest half‐open connections.
Cover Image, Volume 9, Issue 4
Authors: Sulaimanov Nurgazy , Klose Martin , Busch Hauke , Boerries Melanie
Published: June 2017

The cover image, by Nurgazy Sulaimanov et al., is based on Advanced Review Understanding the mTOR signaling pathway via mathematical modeling, DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1379.

image
Enhancement of Bioactive Phenols and Quality Values of Olive Oil by Recycling Olive Mill Waste Water
Authors: Kiritsakis Konstantinos , Melliou Eleni , Magiatis Prokopios , Gerasopoulos Dimitrios
Published: June 2017

Mature ‘Chondrolia Chalkidikis’ olives were processed in an industrial olive oil mill equipped with a three‐phase decanter. Water was added to the decanter at a 1:2 water‐to‐paste ratio. Olive mill waste water (ΟΜWW) was used to replace the added water at a rate of 50 or 100%. Following the final separation, the obtained oil was used for chemical analysis and sensory evaluation. All oils had similar acidity, peroxide and Κ values. OMWW‐treated olive oils presented higher total phenolic content and higher antioxidant activity based on DPPH and oven tests, but lower chlorophyll and carotenoids content. However, there was no significant difference between the 50 and 100% replacement. The phenolic profile of the treated olive oils analyzed by quantitative 1Η NMR revealed more than twofold oleocanthal and oleacein as well as oleuropein and ligstroside aglycone contents than in the control. Sensory evaluation of treated oils also showed an enhancement of fruity, bitter and pungent attributes compared to the control.
Perceived social support as a moderator between negative life events and depression in adolescence: implications for prediction and targeted prevention
Authors: Miloseva Lence , Vukosavljevic-Gvozden Tatjana , Richter Kneginja , Milosev Vladimir , Niklewski Günter
Published: June 2017

Aim and background

The role of the perceived social support in prevention of depression in adolescence still remains an insufficiently explored problem. By integrating the results of the previous studies of moderator role of perceived social support between negative life events and depression in adolescence we set up two goals. One is to determine whether perceived social support has moderator role in the sample consisted of clinical, subclinical, and control respondents. Another goal is to identify in which group the interaction effect is significant, i.e. the perceived social support acts as moderator.

Methods

The sample consisted of 412 adolescents (61.7% female and 38.3% male) aged 13–17 years (mean = 15.70, SD = 1.22). We applied: Data sheet for all respondents; Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview; Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; Adolescent Life Events Questionnaire; Centre for Epidemiological Depression Scale.

Results

We have shown that the association between levels of depressive symptoms and negative life events changes as the value of the moderator variable perceived social support changes. The finding that the moderating interaction effect was significant only in the subclinical group is particularly interesting.

Conclusions

Taking into account that perceived social support moderates the association between negative stress events and levels of depression, we can propose a model for the prevention of depression, which will include perceived social support. However, future research with longitudinal design is required to verify the results.
Radiofrequency catheter ablation is effective for atrial fibrillation patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by decreasing left atrial pressure
Authors: Ikenaga Hiroki , Nakano Yukiko , Oda Noboru , Suenari Kazuyoshi , Sairaku Akinori , Tokuyama Takehito , Kawazoe Hiroshi , Matsumura Hiroya , Tomomori Shunsuke , Kihara Yasuki
Published: June 2017

Background

Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) refractory to medical therapy remains controversial in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM); the acute effects on the direct left atrial (LA) pressure are not completely understood.

Methods

We consecutively studied patients with HCM (n=15) and without HCM (NHCM, n=106) who underwent extensive encircling pulmonary vein isolation for drug‐refractory AF. We compared clinical parameters, echocardiographic parameters, electrophysiological parameters, LA pressures using hemodynamic catheterization and recurrence rate in both groups.

Results

The LA volume index was significantly higher (51.9±13.6 mL/m2 vs. 41.6±12.7 mL/m2, p=0.02) in the HCM group than the NHCM group. The pre‐ablation mean LA pressure was significantly higher in the HCM group than the NHCM group. Among the AF patients, the mean LA pressure decreased more significantly in the HCM group than the NHCM group (post‐ablation minus pre‐ablation pressures: 4.2±3.7 mmHg vs. 0.9±4.1 mmHg, p=0.03). The early recurrence rate (within 30 days after ablation) tended to be higher in the HCM group than the NHCM group (20% vs. 5.7%, p=0.08), but the rates of late recurrences (>30 days after ablation) were similar (13.3% vs. 7.6%, p=0.83). Discontinuation of antiarrhythmic drugs occurred at rates of 13% and 62% in the HCM and NHCM groups, respectively (p<0.001).

Conclusions

The LA pressure in the HCM group decreased immediately after AF RFCA. Patients with HCM and drug‐refractory AF may benefit from RFCA.
Making an impact in the UK market
Authors: Harrison Dom
Published: June 2017

Newcomers Composite Prime describe their journey into the composites market.
Radiofrequency ablation of the lateral palatal space for snoring
Authors: Woodson B. Tucker , Tadokoro Kent S. , MacKay Stuart G.
Published: June 2017

Objective

Pilot study to examine the effect of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the lateral palatal fat pad in patients with socially‐disruptive snoring.

Method

Snoring outcomes and complications were compared between a group of patients with treated with RFA ablation of the lateral soft palate fat pad with or without inferior turbinate reduction (8 patients) and another group undergoing inferior turbinate reduction alone (12 patients).

Results

Snoring loudness and bothersomeness improved in the palate but not inferior turbinate group. Pain was mild and no major complications were observed.

Conclusion

The study supports RFA ablation of the lateral palatal space as a potential low morbidity procedure for snoring.
The Obama War Powers Legacy and the Internal Forces That Entrench Executive Power
Authors: Ingber Rebecca
Published: June 2017

As we contemplate the incoming presidential administration, we stare ahead into uncharted space. It may seem as though recent history leaves us unprepared for what lies ahead. What can a discussion of the Obama war powers legacy, and the transition from the Bush to Obama administration, tell us about a transition from Barack Obama to the next president, and beyond?

Yet there are lessons here. Noone can predict precisely how the president-elect and the team that is installed will confront the rule of law or grapple with the bureaucratic norms that I discuss in this paper. But systemic forces exist inside the executive branch that influence presidential decision-making in each modern administration and, barring a total reimagining of the executive branch, will operate on administrations to come. These internal forces include mechanisms and norms that fall within two broad categories: (1) those that favor continuity and hinder presidents from effecting change, and (2) those that incrementally help ratchet up claims to executive power.
Heat-stabilised rice bran consumption by colorectal cancer survivors modulates stool metabolite profiles and metabolic networks: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Brown Dustin G. , Borresen Erica C. , Brown Regina J. , Ryan Elizabeth P.
Published: June 2017

Rice bran (RB) consumption has been shown to reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) growth in mice and modify the human stool microbiome. Changes in host and microbial metabolism induced by RB consumption was hypothesised to modulate the stool metabolite profile in favour of promoting gut health and inhibiting CRC growth. The objective was to integrate gut microbial metabolite profiles and identify metabolic pathway networks for CRC chemoprevention using non-targeted metabolomics. In all, nineteen CRC survivors participated in a parallel randomised controlled dietary intervention trial that included daily consumption of study-provided foods with heat-stabilised RB (30 g/d) or no additional ingredient (control). Stool samples were collected at baseline and 4 weeks and analysed using GC-MS and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-MS. Stool metabolomics revealed 93 significantly different metabolites in individuals consuming RB. A 264-fold increase inβ-hydroxyisovaleroylcarnitine and 18-fold increase inβ-hydroxyisovalerate exemplified changes in leucine, isoleucine and valine metabolism in the RB group. A total of thirty-nine stool metabolites were significantly different between RB and control groups, including increased hesperidin (28-fold) and narirutin (14-fold). Metabolic pathways impacted in the RB group over time included advanced glycation end products, steroids and bile acids. Fatty acid, leucine/valine and vitamin B6metabolic pathways were increased in RB compared with control. There were 453 metabolites identified in the RB food metabolome, thirty-nine of which were identified in stool from RB consumers. RB consumption favourably modulated the stool metabolome of CRC survivors and these findings suggest the need for continued dietary CRC chemoprevention efforts.
A systematic review of the psychometric properties, usability and clinical impacts of mobile mood-monitoring applications in young people
Authors: Dubad M. , Winsper C. , Meyer C. , Livanou M. , Marwaha S.
Published: June 2017

Background

Mobile mood-monitoring applications are increasingly used by mental health providers, widely advocated within research, and a potentially effective method to engage young people. However, little is known about their efficacy and usability in young populations.

Method

A systematic review addressing three research questions focused on young people: (1) what are the psychometric properties of mobile mood-monitoring applications; (2) what is their usability; and (3) what are their positive and negative clinical impacts? Findings were synthesised narratively, study quality assessed and compared with evidence from adult studies.

Results

We reviewed 25 articles. Studies on the psychometric properties of mobile mood-monitoring applications were sparse, but indicate questionable to excellent internal consistency, moderate concurrent validity and good usability. Participation rates ranged from 30% to 99% across studies, and appeared to be affected by methodological factors (e.g. payments) and individual characteristics (e.g. IQ score). Mobile mood-monitoring applications are positively perceived by youth, may reduce depressive symptoms by increasing emotional awareness, and could aid in the detection of mental health and substance use problems. There was very limited evidence on potential negative impacts.

Conclusions

Evidence for the use of mood-monitoring applications in youth is promising but limited due to a lack of high-quality studies. Future work should explicate the effects of mobile mood-monitoring applications on effective self-regulation, clinical outcomes across disorders and young people's engagement with mental health services. Potential negative impacts in this population should also be investigated, as the adult literature suggests that application use could potentially increase negativity and depression symptoms.
The legal implications of dementia in the workplace: establishing a cross-disciplinary research agenda
Authors: EGDELL VALERIE , STAVERT JILL , MCGREGOR REBECCA
Published: June 2017

Dementia is a growing issue in the United Kingdom (UK) with over 800,000 people affected. Of these people, in excess of 40,000 are aged under 65 years. Thus, a significant number of individuals may be experiencing symptoms of dementia while in employment. In addition, as working lives extend, the potential impact of dementia on the workplace could be substantial. However, to date, there has been little research on experiences of dementia in the workplace. The research that exists highlights the lack of support for workers with dementia. Dementia may be considered to be a disability under the Equality Act 2010. Therefore, the legislation potentially provides a framework for individuals to request that their employer make reasonable adjustments to support their continued employment. International human rights law is potentially another tool that could be utilised to obtain necessary adjustments. This paper argues that in developing the evidence base on workplace experiences of dementia, it is important that the legal framework be considered. This paper reviews the existing literature on dementia in the workplace and embeds this in the legislative framework in order to establish a cross-disciplinary research agenda. While the paper focuses on the UK legal context, the argument presented in the paper is still relevant to other national contexts.
Ion acceleration mechanism in plasma focus devices
Authors: Sadeghi H. , Habibi M. , Ghasemi M.
Published: June 2017

Plasma focus is one type of ion source with energy up to few MeV. While some efforts have been made to understand the physics of ion beam acceleration in plasma focus devices (PFD), an acceptable clarification does not exist yet. In this work, the procedure of ions) electrons) acceleration in PFDs to the MeV energy is investigated theoretically. Moreover, the trajectory of electrons (ions) and their angular distribution are studied. The simulations are carried out by COMSOL Multiphysics version 5.2 for a 4.5 kJ Mather type PFD. The results of simulations and calculations show that trapped ions in the negative potential of electrons, their movement toward the top of the anode and the drift motion due to electrical and magnetic fields near the top of the anode are the main causes of high energy electrons (ions) production and acceleration.
Spectral Legal Personality in Interwar International Law: On New Ways of Not Being a State
Authors: Wheatley Natasha
Published: June 2017

That spirits and gods, devils and idols, should be endowed with legal rights and enjoyments is again a practice as common as it seems to be ancient.

Perhaps you will go to the length of saying that much the most interesting person that you ever knew was persona ficta.

In May 1926, the German Society for International Law discussed the foundational question of the subjects of international law. “Who can appear independently before international forums? only states? or also others, particularly individuals?” asked the speaker, Godehard Josef Ebers, a professor at the University of Cologne. The topic possessed a strange novelty. “In the nineteenth century one hardly even considered the problem,” Ebers noted incredulously. Now it appeared both neglected and pressing. The society's resolutions that year recognized that ever more non-state “factors”—including groups such as minorities as well as individuals—were emerging as the bearers of international rights and duties. The appearance of these new subjects suggested a transformation in the deep conceptual substructure (Grundauffassung) of international law, which had hitherto recognized states alone as international persons.
“The Law of the New Hebrides is the Protector of their Lawlessness”: Justice, Race and Colonial Rivalry in the Early Anglo-French Condominium
Authors: Stevens Kate
Published: June 2017

[It] is not I who am on trial here today, but the Law of the New Hebrides.

In 1906, Britain and France jointly annexed the New Hebrides. A y-shaped archipelago in the southwest Pacific Ocean, the New Hebrides—which became Vanuatu upon independence in 1980—comprised some eighty islands characterized by high levels of linguistic and cultural diversity. At the moment of annexation, there were also Presbyterian, Anglican, and Catholic missionaries and Euro-American planters and traders, who overlaid religious and national divisions onto the existing social and linguistics ones. Anglo-French rule under the New Hebrides Condominium added a hybrid legal system to this complex mix. During the colonial period, four distinct jurisdictions existed, indicative of the divided, rival nature of governance. These included joint Condominium law, British common law, French civil law, and from 1928, a native code and courts. The plurality and ambiguity of the legal system left ample space for critique and for alternative, extrajudicial justice, as this article explores.
Crystalline microstructure of boehmites studied by multi-peak analysis of powder X-ray diffraction patterns
Authors: Pardo Pablo , Kojdecki Marek Andrzej , Calatayud José Miguel , Amigó José María , Alarcón Javier
Published: June 2017

Nanocrystalline boehmite (gamma-aluminium-oxyhydroxide) is a material of industrial importance, the functionality of which follows from its crystalline microstructure. A procedure for preparing boehmite nanoparticles, comprising the formation of a precipitate by the alkalization of an aqueous solution of aluminium nitrate and subsequent hydrothermal aging, was previously elaborated. The application of an additive (maltitol or tartaric acid) to control the sizes and shapes of crystallites in the produced polycrystalline powder of boehmite was developed. The aim of this work is a study of the effect of the hydrothermal treatment time on nanocrystalline characteristics of boehmite, both in absence and in presence of the additive. The obtained materials were investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) as principal technique and additionally by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The multi-peak analysis of powder XRD patterns was applied to determine the prevalent crystallite shape, volume-weighted crystallite size distribution, and second-order crystalline lattice strain distribution being principal quantitative characteristics of the crystalline microstructure. Based on these characteristics, three types of the microstructure correlated with the production procedures were observed and discussed in detail. The nanoparticles of boehmites were found to be monocrystalline grains with characteristic habits and sizes of order of ten nanometers weakly dependent on the hydrothermal treatment time.
What colour is penguin guano?
Authors: Rees W.G. , Brown J.A. , Fretwell P.T. , Trathan P.N.
Published: June 2017

The identification and quantification of Antarctic Pygoscelis penguin colonies depends increasingly on recognition of the characteristic optical properties of guano deposits, but almost all knowledge of these properties until now has been compromised by resolution and atmospheric propagation effects. Here we present hyperspectral reflectance data in the range 350–2500 nm, collected in situ from fresh guano deposits in Pygoscelis penguin colonies on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands. The period of data collection included the transition from predominantly white guano to the pink coloration characteristic of a krill-rich diet. The main identifiable features in the spectra are a broad absorption feature centred around 550 nm, responsible for the pink coloration and identified with the pigment astaxanthin, as well as several water absorption features. Variations in these features are responsible for differentiation between spectra. From these results we propose two spectral indices suitable for use with satellite data, one of which responds to the presence of astaxanthin in the guano and the other to water. Our results do not allow us to differentiate between penguin species from their guano, but do suggest that the breeding phenology of Pygoscelis penguins could be determined from a time series of multispectral imagery.
Self-regulation as a predictor of patterns of change in externalizing behaviors from infancy to adolescence
Authors: Perry Nicole B. , Calkins Susan D. , Dollar Jessica M. , Keane Susan P. , Shanahan Lilly
Published: June 2017

We examined associations between specific self-regulatory mechanisms and externalizing behavior patterns from ages 2 to 15 (N = 443). The relation between multiple self-regulatory indicators across multiple domains (i.e., physiological, attentional, emotional, and behavioral) at age 2 and at age 5 and group membership in four distinct externalizing trajectories was examined. By examining each of these self-regulatory processes in combination with one another, and therefore accounting for their shared variance, we aimed to better understand which specific self-regulatory skills were associated most strongly with externalizing behavioral patterns. Findings suggest that behavioral inhibitory control and emotion regulation are particularly important in distinguishing between children who show normative declines in externalizing behaviors across early childhood and those who demonstrate high levels through adolescence.
Preliminary Evidence for an Association Between the Composition of the Gut Microbiome and Cognitive Function in Neurologically Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Manderino Lisa , Carroll Ian , Azcarate-Peril M. Andrea , Rochette Amber , Heinberg Leslie , Peat Christine , Steffen Kristine , Mitchell James , Gunstad John
Published: June 2017

Objectives: Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is implicated in numerous human health conditions. Animal studies have linked microbiome disruption to changes in cognitive functioning, although no study has examined this possibility in neurologically healthy older adults. Methods: Participants were 43 community-dwelling older adults (50–85 years) that completed a brief cognitive test battery and provided stool samples for gut microbiome sequencing. Participants performing≥1 SD below normative performance on two or more tests were compared to persons with one or fewer impaired scores. Results: Mann Whitney U tests revealed different distributions of Bacteroidetes (p=.01), Firmicutes (p=.02), Proteobacteria (p=.04), and Verrucomicrobia (p=.003) between Intact and Impaired groups. These phyla were significantly correlated with cognitive test performances, particularly Verrucomicrobia and attention/executive function measures. Conclusions: The current findings suggest that composition of the gut microbiome is associated with cognitive test performance in neurologically healthy older adults. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings and explore possible mechanisms. (JINS, 2017, 23, 700–705)
PRIVATIZATION AND NATIONALIZATION CYCLES
Authors: Chang Roberto , Hevia Constantino , Loayza Norman
Published: June 2017

This paper studies cycles of nationalization and privatization in resource-rich economies. It starts with a synthesis of available evidence on the drivers and consequences of privatization and nationalization. Then it develops a dynamic model of the choice between private and national regimes for the ownership of natural resources. The choice is driven by a basic equality-efficiency trade-off: national ownership results in more redistribution of income and more equality but undermines incentives for effort. We discuss how the resolution of the trade-off depends on external variables—such as the commodity price—and domestic ones—such as the tax system. The model thus identifies the determinants of the observed cycles of privatization and nationalization and is consistent with key stylized facts.
ENDOGENOUS FIRM ENTRY IN AN ESTIMATED MODEL OF THE U.S. BUSINESS CYCLE
Authors: Offick Sven , Winkler Roland C.
Published: June 2017

A recent theoretical literature highlights the role of endogenous firm entry as an internal amplification mechanism of business cycle fluctuations. The amplification mechanism works through the competition effect (CE) and the variety effect (VE). This paper tests the significance of this amplification mechanism, quantifies its importance, and disentangles the CE and VE. To this end, we estimate a medium-scale real business cycle model with firm entry for the U.S. economy. The CE and VE are estimated to be statistically significant. Together, they amplify the volatility of output by 8.5% relative to a model in which both effects are switched off. The CE accounts for most amplification, whereas the VE only plays a minor role.
SMOOTHING-BASED INITIALIZATION FOR LEARNING-TO-FORECAST ALGORITHMS
Authors: Berardi Michele , Galimberti Jaqueson K.
Published: June 2017

Under adaptive learning, recursive algorithms are proposed to represent how agents update their beliefs over time. For applied purposes, these algorithms require initial estimates of agents perceived law of motion. Obtaining appropriate initial estimates can become prohibitive within the usual data availability restrictions of macroeconomics. To circumvent this issue, we propose a new smoothing-based initialization routine that optimizes the use of a training sample of data to obtain initials consistent with the statistical properties of the learning algorithm. Our method is generically formulated to cover different specifications of the learning mechanism, such as the least-squares and the stochastic gradient algorithms. Using simulations, we show that our method is able to speed up the convergence of initial estimates in exchange for a higher computational cost.
Types and prevalence of extended–spectrum beta–lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in poultry
Authors: Saliu Eva-Maria , Vahjen Wilfried , Zentek Jürgen
Published: June 2017

For several billion years, bacteria have developed mechanisms to resist antibacterial substances. In modern time, antibiotics are frequently used in veterinary and human medicine for prevention and treatment of diseases, globally still also for their growth promoting effects as feed additives. This complex situation has evolved in accelerating development and prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in livestock and people. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria are resistant to a wide range of ß-lactam antibiotics. They are currently considered as one of the main threats for the treatment of infections in humans and animals. In livestock and animal products, poultry and poultry products show the highest prevalence of ESBL-producers with CTX-M-1, TEM-52 and SHV-12 being the most common ESBL-types in poultry. Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. are the bacteria in poultry, which carry ESBL-genes most frequently. ESBL-producing bacteria are present at every level of the poultry production pyramid and can be detected even in the meconium of newly hatched chicks. The environment close to poultry barns shows high prevalence rates of these bacteria and contributes to an ongoing infection pressure with further ESBL-types. Probiotics have been shown to successfully reduce ESBL-producers in chicken, as well as ESBL-gene transfer. Other feed additives, such as zinc and copper, increase the prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria when fed to animals. To our best knowledge, this is the first publication presenting a comparative overview of the prevalence of ESBL-types using data from different countries. To reduce the hazard for public health from poultry carrying high numbers of ESBL-producers, preventive measurements must include the surrounding environment and avoidance of antibiotic usage at all levels of the production pyramid. The first results, of the research on the impact of feed additives on the spread of ESBL-genes, indicate the diet as a further, possible magnitude of influence.
Prospects for the Discovery of Black Hole Binaries without Mass Accretion with Gaia
Authors: Kawanaka Norita , Yamaguchi Masaki , Piran Tsvi , Bulik Tomasz
Published: June 2017

We study the prospect for Gaia to detect black hole binary systems without the mass transfer from their companion stars. Gaia will be able to discover Galactic black holes without mass accretion by detecting the proper motion of their companion stars. We evaluate the number of such black hole binaries which have the orbital period short enough to be detected by Gaia during its operation, taking into account the binary evolution model.
A solution to unconstrained Einstein’s equations for a relativistic radiation sphere
Authors: Neslušan Luboš
Published: June 2017

We describe an application of a solution to unconstrained Einstein’s field equations (Ni, 2011) as a qualitative model for a relativistic radiation sphere, an object that may resemble a quasar with an extended galactic-scale ‘corona’ that resembles behaviors explained by dark matter.
Investigating ultraluminous X-ray sources through their multiwavelength variability and broadband spectra
Authors: Zampieri Luca , Ambrosi Elena , Nayerhoda Amid
Published: June 2017

The population of ultraluminous X-ray sources encompasses accreting compact objects with significantly different masses, from black holes of intermediate mass, to black holes of stellar origin, to neutron stars. Investigating these sources will help us answering crucial questions on the distribution of black hole masses and on mass accretion above the Eddington limit in the local Universe, that have potential implications in other astrophysical areas. In order to perform a detailed investigation of ultraluminous X-ray sources, an accurate modeling of their evolution and multiwavelength emission properties is needed. We report some preliminary results of the activities that we are carrying out at present in this area.
A pseudo-Newtonian description of any stationary space-time
Authors: Witzany Vojtěch , Lämmerzahl Claus
Published: June 2017

Since the first investigations into accretion onto black holes, astrophysicists have proposed effective Newtonian-like potentials to mimic the strong-field behavior of matter near a Schwarzschild or Kerr black hole. On the other hand, the fields of neutron stars or black holes in many of the alternative gravity theories differ from the idealized Schwarzschild or Kerr field which would require a number of new potentials. To resolve this, we give a Newtonian-like Hamiltonian which almost perfectly mimics the behavior of test particles in any given stationary space-time. The properties of the Hamiltonian are excellent in static space-times such as the Schwarzschild black hole, but become worse for space-times with gravito-magnetic or dragging effects such as near the Kerr black hole.
Tidal disruption events from different kinds of astrophysical objects: a preliminary analysis
Authors: Clerici Aurora , Gomboc Andreja
Published: June 2017

Tidal disruption events are a powerful tool to study quiescent massive black holes residing in the centre of galaxies. Occasionally, astrophysical objects such as stars, planets and smaller bodies are captured and tidally disrupted by the massive black hole, giving rise to a luminous flare. A detailed study of disruption parameters and the emitted radiation can give important insights on the black hole and its surroundings.
Similarity and diversity of black holes - view from the Very High Energies
Authors: Lindfors Elina
Published: June 2017

Active galactic nuclei, hosting supermassive black holes and launching relativistic jets, are the most numerous objects on the gamma-ray sky. At the other end of the mass scale, phenomena related to stellar mass black holes, in particular gamma-ray bursts and microquasars, are also seen on the gamma-ray sky. While all of them are thought to launch relativistic jets, the diversity even within each of these classes is enormous. In this review, I will discuss recent very high energy gamma-ray results that underline both the similarity of the black hole systems, as well as their diversity.
Design of 2N-diode power-combined frequency tripler with coupled suspended striplines
Authors: Cui Yinjie , Guo Jian , Xu Jie , Zhang Hao Chi , Zhu Xiao-Wei , Qian Cheng
Published: June 2017

A novel scheme for power-combined frequency tripler adopting 2N diodes is proposed in this work. Even mode coupled suspended substrate stripline is used to divide and recombine the input and output power. The circuits of the tripler are printed on both sides of the substrate, with N diodes on the front side and the other N diodes on the back side. The front diodes and back diodes are in anti-parallel connection, and DC biased separately to increase the bandwidth and power capacity. Three Q-band prototypes with two, four, and six diodes are fabricated and tested. The output compression powers at output frequency of 43.5 GHz for two/four/six-diode tripler are 9.2, 11, and 12 dBm, respectively. Power capacity is improved with the proposed tripler. Optimum DC bias is also discussed in this work, and it is found that it first increases with drive power, and then drops when large drive power applied because of the increased series resistance of the diode due to high junction temperature.
Energy and carbon metabolisms in a deep terrestrial subsurface fluid microbial community
Authors: Momper Lily , Jungbluth Sean P , Lee Michael D , Amend Jan P
Published: June 2017

The terrestrial deep subsurface is a huge repository of microbial biomass, but in relation to its size and physical heterogeneity, few sites have been investigated in detail. Here, we applied a culture-independent metagenomic approach to characterize the microbial community composition in deep (1500 meters below surface) terrestrial fluids. Samples were collected from a former gold mine in Lead, South Dakota, USA, now Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF). We reconstructed 74 genomes from metagenomes (MAGs), enabling the identification of common metabolic pathways. Sulfate and nitrate/nitrite reduction were the most common putative energy metabolisms. Complete pathways for autotrophic carbon fixation were found in more than half of the MAGs, with the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway by far the most common. Nearly 40% (29 of 74) of the recovered MAGs belong to bacterial phyla without any cultivated members—microbial dark matter. Three of our MAGs constitute two novel phyla previously only identified in 16 S rRNA gene surveys. The uniqueness of this data set—its physical depth in the terrestrial subsurface, the relative abundance and completeness of microbial dark matter genomes and the overall diversity of this physically deep, dark, community—make it an invaluable addition to our knowledge of deep subsurface microbial ecology.
Voltage controlled interfacial magnetism through platinum orbits
Authors: Miwa Shinji , Suzuki Motohiro , Tsujikawa Masahito , Matsuda Kensho , Nozaki Takayuki , Tanaka Kazuhito , Tsukahara Takuya , Nawaoka Kohei , Goto Minori , Kotani Yoshinori , Ohkubo Tadakatsu , Bonell Frédéric , Tamura Eiiti , Hono Kazuhiro , Nakamura Tetsuya , Shirai Masafumi , Yuasa Shinji , Suzuki Yoshishige
Published: June 2017

Electric fields at interfaces exhibit useful phenomena, such as switching functions in transistors, through electron accumulations and/or electric dipole inductions. We find one potentially unique situation in a metal–dielectric interface in which the electric field is atomically inhomogeneous because of the strong electrostatic screening effect in metals. Such electric fields enable us to access electric quadrupoles of the electron shell. Here we show, by synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy, electric field induction of magnetic dipole moments in a platinum monatomic layer placed on ferromagnetic iron. Our theoretical analysis indicates that electric quadrupole induction produces magnetic dipole moments and provides a large magnetic anisotropy change. In contrast with the inability of current designs to offer ultrahigh-density memory devices using electric-field-induced spin control, our findings enable a material design showing more than ten times larger anisotropy energy change for such a use and highlight a path in electric-field control of condensed matter.
Systemic blockade of P2X7 receptor protects against sepsis-induced intestinal barrier disruption
Authors: Wu Xiuwen , Ren Jianan , Chen Guopu , Wu Lei , Song Xian , Li Guanwei , Deng Youming , Wang Gefei , Gu Guosheng , Li Jieshou
Published: June 2017

Sepsis, during which the intestinal epithelial barrier is frequently disrupted, remains a challenging and life-threatening problem in clinical practice. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a non-selective adenosine triphosphate-gated cation channel present in macrophages that is involved in inflammatory responses. However, little is known about the role of P2X7R in macrophages during sepsis-induced intestinal barrier disruption. In this study, mice were treated with the P2X7R antagonist A740003 or the agonist BzATP by intra-peritoneal injection after the induction of gut-origin sepsis. The survival rates, inflammatory responses, intestinal barrier integrity, macrophage marker expression, and ERK and NF-κB activities were evaluated. Intestinal macrophages were also isolated and studied after exposure to Brilliant Blue G or BzATP. We found that a systemic P2X7R blockade downregulated sepsis-induced inflammatory responses and attenuated intestinal barrier dysfunction based on the evidence that mice in the A740003-treated group exhibited alleviated pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, intestinal hyperpermeability, epithelial apoptosis rates and tight junction damage compared with the septic mice. These changes were partly mediated by the inhibition of M1 macrophages activation via ERK/NF-κB pathways. Our data presented herein show that a P2X7R blockade could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of sepsis-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction.
High-transmission acoustic self-focusing and directional cloaking in a graded perforated metal slab
Authors: Zhao Sheng-Dong , Wang Yue-Sheng , Zhang Chuanzeng
Published: June 2017

A design strategy and its modeling for high-transmission acoustic self-focusing and directional cloaking in a two-dimensional (2D) and an axisymmetric three-dimensional (3D) gradient-index phononic crystal (GRIN-PC) are reported in this paper. A gradient perforated aluminum slab sandwiched by water is considered. A low-loss directional cloaking device is achieved by controlling the matching coefficient between the slab and the water. The anisotropy coefficient that affects the scattering properties is also introduced. Furthermore, the phase discontinuity for directional cloaking inside and outside the slab is overcome by introducing a non-gradient slab having a lower group velocity behind the GRIN slab as an acoustic delay device. In addition, an axisymmetric 3D directional cloaking structure is obtained by rotating the corresponding 2D structure around the slab axis.
3D printed porous ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: a review
Authors: Wen Yu , Xun Sun , Haoye Meng , Baichuan Sun , Peng Chen , Xuejian Liu , Kaihong Zhang , Xuan Yang , Jiang Peng , Shibi Lu
Published: June 2017

This study summarizes the recent research status and development of three-dimensional (3D)-printed porous ceramic scaffolds in bone tissue engineering.
An enantioselective organocatalytic intramolecular Morita–Baylis–Hillman (IMBH) reaction of dienones, and elaboration of the IMBH adducts to fluorenones
Authors: Satpathi Bishnupada , Wagulde Siddhant V. , Ramasastry S. S. V.
Published: June 2017

An efficient synthesis of cyclopenta-fused arenes and heteroarenes has been achieved via an enantioselective organocatalytic intramolecular Morita–Baylis–Hillman (IMBH) reaction of dienones. The IMBH-adducts were transformed to fluorenones in a serendipitous manner.
Stabilizing amyloid-β peptide by the N-terminus capture is capable of preventing and eliminating amyloid-β oligomers
Authors: Wen Gesi , Chen Daoyuan , Qin Wenjing , Zhou Binhua , Wang Youqiao , Liu Ziyi , Du Jun , Zhou Qiang , Quan Junmin , Bu Xianzhang
Published: June 2017

A novel strategy to prevent and eliminate amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers from either the early aggregation or the fibril dissolution pathway is described.
Structure directing agents induced morphology evolution and phase transition from indium-based rho- to sod-ZMOF
Authors: Shi Yanshu , Cairns Amy J. , Liu Yunling , Belmabkhout Youssef , Cai Xuechao , Pang Maolin , Eddaoudi Mohamed
Published: June 2017

Structure directing agent induced simultaneous morphology evolution and phase transformation from rho- to sod-ZMOFs was reported for the first time.
Inelastic neutron scattering study of reline: shedding light on the hydrogen bonding network of deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Araujo C. F. , Coutinho J. A. P. , Nolasco M. M. , Parker S. F. , Ribeiro-Claro P. J. A. , Rudić S. , Soares B. I. G. , Vaz P. D.
Published: June 2017

Goldilocks conditions of hydrogen bond strength on the basis of deep eutectic behavior.
Accurately extracting the signature of intermolecular interactions present in the NCI plot of the reduced density gradient versus electron density
Authors: Lefebvre Corentin , Rubez Gaëtan , Khartabil Hassan , Boisson Jean-Charles , Contreras-García Julia , Hénon Eric
Published: June 2017

A new model for reference electron densities, really getting rid of interactions.
Interfacial structure of atomically flat polycrystalline Pt electrodes and modified Sauerbrey equation
Authors: Kim Jutae , Urchaga Patrick , Baranton Stève , Coutanceau Christophe , Jerkiewicz Gregory
Published: June 2017

Interfacial mass changes increase linearly with surface roughness and their analysis yields the interfacial structure of atomically flat polycrystalline Pt electrodes.
Surfactant-assisted synthesis of ceria–titania-rich mesoporous silica materials and their catalytic activity towards photodegradation of organic dyes
Authors: Pal Nabanita , Mukherjee Indrani , Chatterjee Sriparna , Cho Eun-Bum
Published: June 2017

A series of Ce–Ti-doped mesoporous silica materials have been prepared under basic conditions. The materials played a pivotal role in visible-light-induced degradation of toxic Rhodamine B.
The Hy-MASS concept: hydrothermal microwave assisted selective scissoring of cellulose for in situ production of (meso)porous nanocellulose fibrils and crystals
Authors: de Melo Eduardo M. , Clark James H. , Matharu Avtar S.
Published: June 2017

The hydrothermal microwave-assisted selective scissoring (Hy-MASS) of depectinated orange peel residues (OPR) to yield (meso)porous nanocellulose fibrils and crystals simultaneously in the absence of auxiliary reagents and mechanical treatment is reported.
Graphitic nanocapsules: design, synthesis and bioanalytical applications
Authors: Ding Ding , Xu Yiting , Zou Yuxiu , Chen Long , Chen Zhuo , Tan Weihong
Published: June 2017

The graphitic nanocapsule, including noble metal encapsulated, magnetic and hollow graphitic nanocapsules, is introduced as a novel branch of graphitic nanomaterials for bioanalytical applications.
Bio-inspired peptide decorated dendrimers for a robust antibacterial coating on hydroxyapatite
Authors: Gou Yaping , Yang Xiao , He Libang , Xu Xinyuan , Liu Yanpeng , Liu Yuebo , Gao Yuan , Huang Qin , Liang Kunneng , Ding Chunmei , Li Jiyao , Zhao Changsheng , Li Jianshu
Published: June 2017

SSP-PAMAM-NH2inspired by the salivary statherin protein can tightly adsorb on the HA surface to achieve long-term antibacterial activity.
A first study on copolymers of a methacrylate containing the 2-(hydroxyimino)aldehyde group and OEGMA. RAFT polymerization and assessment of thermal and photoresponsive polymer behavior
Authors: Nardi Martina , D'Acunzo Francesca , Clemente Mariangela , Proietti Giampiero , Gentili Patrizia
Published: June 2017

RAFT copolymerization of 4-[(hydroxyimino)aldehyde]butyl methacrylate with OEGMA475 and first assessment of photoisomerization and thermal behavior of the copolymers in solution.
Palladium-catalyzed direct ortho-alkynylation of arylalkylacid derivatives at γ and δ positions via an N,O-bidentate directing group
Authors: Li Guobao , Liu Pei , Zhang Jingyu , Shi Da-Qing , Zhao Yingsheng
Published: June 2017

A new N,O-bidentate directing group: first example of the ortho-alkynylation of arylalkylacid derivatives at γ and δ positions.
Electrochemical control of the single molecule conductance of a conjugated bis(pyrrolo)tetrathiafulvalene based molecular switch
Authors: O'Driscoll Luke J. , Hamill Joseph M. , Grace Iain , Nielsen Bodil W. , Almutib Eman , Fu Yongchun , Hong Wenjing , Lambert Colin J. , Jeppesen Jan O.
Published: June 2017

The single molecule conductance of a conjugated molecular wire is electrochemically switched upon oxidising or reducing a central bispyrrolotetrathiafulvalene unit.
Fluorometric probing of the lipase level as acute pancreatitis biomarkers based on interfacially controlled aggregation-induced emission (AIE)
Authors: Shi Jie , Deng Qianchun , Wan Chuyun , Zheng Mingming , Huang Fenghong , Tang Bo
Published: June 2017

We demonstrate a sensitive, easy and fast method for the fluorometric probing of the lipase level as acute pancreatitis biomarkers based on the novel interfacially controlled aggregation-induced emission (AIE) mechanism.
Impact of a mechanical shear stress on intracellular trafficking
Authors: Aubertin Kelly , Tailleur Julien , Wilhelm Claire , Gallet François
Published: June 2017

Magnetic endosomes naturally uptaken in stem cells are used both as probes of cellular trafficking, and as tools to apply a mechanical shear stress to the cell medium.
Exploring the influence of iron substitution in lithium rich layered oxides Li2Ru1−xFexO3: triggering the anionic redox reaction
Authors: Satish Rohit , Lim Kipil , Bucher Nicolas , Hartung Steffen , Aravindan Vanchiappan , Franklin Joseph , Lee Jun-Sik , Toney Michael F. , Madhavi Srinivasan
Published: June 2017

The partial substitution of Ru with Fe in Li2RuO3 stabilises the layered structure during cycling, leading to a stable capacity of ∼250 mA h g–1.