bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hard power dismisses soft power - the United States’ relations with the Iranian Islamie Republic in the shadow of the nuclear program
Authors: Fiedler Radosław
Published: June 2018

W artykule wskazano na korelację pomiędzy twardą i miękką siłą w relacjach amerykańsko-irańskich. Negatywne doświadczenia dominują we wzajemnych stosunkach pomiędzy nimi takie jak: amerykański interwencjonizm w sprawy wewnątrzirańskie, kryzys z zakładnikami amerykańskimi, terroryzm czy ostatnio irański program atomowy. Waszyngton od dłuższego czasu zajmuje stanowisko, że wobec Teheranu należy stosować twardą siłę m.in. poprzez nakładanie wielu sankcji, co jak się okazuje, nie doprowadziło do pożądanej zmiany w polityce Iranu. lak dowiedziono w artykule, miękka siła i nie wykorzystywanie tego typu instrumentu w relacjach USA z Iranem mogłoby przynieść znacznie więcej pozytywnych efektów, aniżeli poleganie na twardej sile.
The implementation of democratic values in the first post-war decade in Japan
Authors: Kubas Sebastian
Published: June 2018

Artykuł poświęcony jest zagadnieniu wprowadzania zasad reżimu demokratycznego do życia politycznego Japonii po zakończeniu II wojny światowej. Zamierzeniem autora była próba określenia sposobu i poziomu zakorzeniania się wartości demokratycznych w świadomości społeczeństwa japońskiego. Dlatego też autor stara się określić wpływ wartości demokratycznych na postawy społeczne Japończyków w omawianym okresie czasu. W tym celu zostaje dokonana analiza kilku kluczowych dla zrozumienia problemu płaszczyzn: aksjologicznej, normatywnej i instytucjonalnej. Autor ukazuje także wpływ wewnętrznych postaw społecznych w Japonii manifestowanych w zakresie kultury politycznej na konwersję zasad i wartości demokracji i proces demokratyzacji.
Do the Swiss not want to join the EU? Swiss Referenda on European integration
Authors: Kużelewska Elżbieta
Published: June 2018

Szwajcaria jest jednym z nielicznych państw Europy Zachodniej, które nie przystąpiły do UE. Szwajcarzy kilkakrotnie wzywani byli do głosowania w referendum w sprawach związanych z UE, niemniej trzykrotnie głosowali przeciwko. Obywatele Szwajcarii wydają się być zadowoleni ze stosunków z UE opartych na umowach dwustronnych. Nie widzą potrzeby zacieśniania współpracy. Celem artykułu jest zbadanie czy obywatele Szwajcarii rzeczywiście nie chcą przystąpienia ich państwa do UE. Analiza negatywnych wyników referendów w sprawach dotyczących UE może być przydatna w zrozumieniu szwajcarskiego punktu widzenia.
Partycypacja partii politycznych w kreowaniu władz samorządowych
Authors: Nowak Tadeusz
Published: June 2018

Jednostki samorządu terytorialnego stanowią bardzo ważne struktury w tworzeniu i realizacji polityki regionalnej na szczeblu województwa, jak również polityki lokalnej na szczeblu powiatu i gminy. W selekcji kandydatów do samorządowych organów władzy, pierwszoplanową rolę odgrywają partie polityczne. Partyjne procedury tworzenia i zatwierdzania list wyborczych na radnych, a także sposób wyboru jednoosobowych organów samorządowych mają niebagatelne znaczenie dla jakości regionalnych i lokalnych elit władzy. Na charakter przywództwa politycznego występującego na szczeblu regionalnym lub lokalnym niewątpliwy wpływ wywierają powiązania personalne struktur partyjnych z władzami samorządowymi, jak również typ kultury politycznej dominującej w danej społeczności. Przedmiotem artykułu jest przedstawienie powyższych uwarunkowań związanych z wyłanianiem i funkcjonowaniem władz samorządowych.
Problemy funkcjonowania public relations w Kazachstanie
Authors: Bekbołatuły Żetpisbaj
Published: June 2018

Instytucja public relations pojawiła się w Kazachstanie w wyniku przyczyn obiektywnych takich jak rozwój społeczeństwa obywatelskiego i dążenie władzy do nawiązania dialogu z ludnością. Transformacja społeczno-polityczna kazachstańskiego społeczeństwa lat 90. X X w. to złożony zespół przyczyn i skutków, wspólnie kształtujących proces powstawania PR jako nowego systemu komunikacji. Analiza tego procesu, który rozpoczął się w Kazachstanie tak niedawno, jest bardzo ciekawa i ze wszech miar aktualna. Pojawienie się PR w Kazachstanie jako sfery profesjonalnej działalności stosowanej i naukowej było uwarunkowane przez obiektywne warunki rozwoju stosunków społecznych, instytucji społeczeństwa obywatelskiego, a także rynkowych mechanizmów społeczno-gospodarczych.
Płynna demokracja
Authors: Piechocki Marcin
Published: June 2018

Rozwój nowych technik komunikowania umożliwia polityczną partycypację wszystkim obywatelom, którzy wyrażają taką chęć. Rozmaite pomysły wykorzystujące nowe media sprzyjają rozwojowi społeczeństwa obywatelskiego i demokracji deliberatywnej. Przełamanie monopolu mediów tradycyjnych czy mainstreamowych pozwala ujawnić alternatywne dyskursy, którym dotychczas odmawiano miejsca w środkach przekazu. Pozwala to również ujawnić się grupom, które mogą wreszcie uczestniczyć w debacie publicznej. Ponieważ uczestnictwo w debacie warunkowane jest interaktywnością, Internet i rozmaite platformy służące debacie i podejmowaniu decyzji są coraz szerzej stosowane przez przedsiębiorstwa, ale również instytucje państwowe. Płynna demokracja jest pomysłem na połączenie demokracji bezpośredniej z przedstawicielską. Dzięki aplikacjom umożliwiającym obywatelom inicjowanie, śledzenie i udział w debacie osiągnąć można maksymalne zaangażowanie obywateli w sprawy publiczne. Stąd płynna demokracja jest szansą na urzeczywistnienie idei faktycznego udziału każdego obywatela w procesach decyzyjnych, czego brak wskazywany jest teraz często przez zniechęconych do wyborów, zwłaszcza młodych ludzi. Nie podważają oni przecież idei demokracji, a jedynie jej obecną formę i kondycję.
Pojęcie supranarodowości w polu integracji europejskiej z perspektywy hermeneutyki Hansa-Georga Gadamera
Authors: Szymczyński Tomasz R.
Published: June 2018

Zasadniczym celem niniejszego tekstu jest próba podkreślenia adekwatności zastosowania optyki hermeneutycznej autorstwa Hansa-Georga Gadamera w przestrzeni procesu integracji europejskiej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem możliwości, jakie przynosi ta perspektywa dla przybliżenia wielowymiarowej istoty pojęcia supranarodowość. Jednocześnie postulowana jest niniejszym teza, że pojęcie to stanowi o wyjątkowości europejskiego procesu integracyjnego i tym samym trudno o wyobrażenie sobie właściwego jego rozumienia bez pogłębionej nad nim refleksji. Z powyższych względów na początku uwaga poświęcona zostanie ujęciu europejskiego procesu integracyjnego z zakładającej uniwersalność perspektywy doświadczenia hermeneutycznego autorstwa H.-G. Gadamera. Następnie ukazana zostanie kwestia interpretacji koncepcji supranarodowości z punktu widzenia rozumu hermeneutycznego Gadamera, by na tej podstawie zaprezentować pojęcie supranarodowości w jego wielowymiarowym kształcie.
Legitymizacja władzy Unii Europejskiej - wybrane aspekty instytucjonalno-proceduralne
Authors: Dubowski Tomasz , Piekutowska Agnieszka
Published: June 2018

Unia Europejska jako specyficzna organizacja międzynarodowa dysponuje szczególnie szerokim zakresem kompetencji zaś stanowione w jej ramach akty wiążące wywołują skutki prawne nie tylko względem państw członkowskich, lecz również wobec ich obywateli. Rozumiana w ten sposób „działalność władcza” UE ma zatem szeroki wymiar. Niniejsze opracowanie koncentruje się wokół zagadnień związanych z charakterem legitymizacji władzy UE w świetle aspektów proceduralno- instytucjonalnych. Kto, w wymiarze instytucjonalnym, piastuje władzę na szczeblu unijnym, jakie relacje zachodzą między „nosicielami” unijnej władzy i czy konstrukcja procesów decyzyjnych w UE wraz z zakresem partycypacji poszczególnych instytucji w tej materii może być postrzegana jako czynnik legitymizujący Unię „w kierunku” demokracji? Problemy te zostaną omówione przez pryzmat instytucjonalnych i proceduralnych aspektów podejmowania decyzji na szczeblu unijnym. Zaznaczone i zasygnalizowane zostaną wątki kluczowe w odniesieniu do kwestii: unijnej władzy, aktorów instytucjonalnych oraz procesów podejmowania decyzji w ramach Unii Europejskiej.
Kwestia niemiecka na łamach tygodnika „Rzeczywistość”
Authors: Barabasz Adam
Published: June 2018

Zasadniczym celem artykułu jest przedstawienie poglądów publicystów tygodnika społeczno-politycznego „Rzeczywistość” (m.in., Huberta Kozłowskiego, Wacława Piątkowskiego, Jerzego Pardusa, Jana Norskiego, Jana Rusinowicza) na temat wzbudzający wiele kontrowersji w czasach PRL-u tzw. „kwestia niemiecka”. W latach 1981—1989 publicyści tygodnika społeczno-politycznego „Rzeczywistość” przestrzegali przed zagrożeniem niemieckim objawiającym się ich zdaniem w różnych odsłonach. Ich artykuły miały na celu wywołanie określonego rezonansu wśród społeczeństwa, które miało solidaryzować się z partią w obronie powojennego status quo, negowaniu tezy o istnieniu na terytorium PRL mniejszości niemieckiej oraz upatrywaniu zagrożenia w rosnącej w siłę armii RFN, czy też działaniach ziomkowskich odwetowców.
Metoda śledzenia procesu i mechanizmy przyczynowe w badaniu stosunków międzynarodowych
Authors: Gałganek Andrzej
Published: June 2018

W artykule przedstawiono jakościową metodę śledzenia procesu (process tracing) i jej przykładowe wykorzystanie w badaniu stosunków międzynarodowych. Po pierwsze, dokonano ogólnej charakterystyki metody. Po drugie, przedstawiono debatę toczoną w naukach społecznych na temat rozumienia mechanizmów przyczynowych i przyczynowego wnioskowania oraz użyteczności metody śledzenia procesu do testowania hipotez. Po trzecie, omówiono różnego rodzaju dyrektywy kierujące postępowaniem badawczym w ramach metody śledzenia procesu. Po czwarte, w końcowej części artykułu zademonstrowano implementację metody w nauce o stosunkach międzynarodowych na przykładzie analizy zakończenia zimnej wojny. W końcu sformułowano pewne wątpliwości związane z metodą. Celem artykułu jest wprowadzenie do polskiej nauki o stosunkach międzynarodowych jakościowej metody badawczej, która nie jest wykorzystywana przez polskich badaczy, chociaż większość z nich określa swoje stanowisko metodologiczne jako jakościowe. Autor w szczególności uzasadnia i ilustruje przekonanie, że metoda śledzenia procesu może stanowić mocną propozycję w rozwiązywaniu problemów związanych z rozpoznawaniem stosunków przyczynowych w nauce o stosunkach międzynarodowych. Autor posługuje się w artykule metodą analizy treści. Metoda śledzenia procesu została przedstawiona w oparciu o analizę tekstów uznanych zwolenników metody w filozofii nauki i nauce o stosunkach międzynarodowych oraz prac poświęconych problemom stosunków międzynarodowych badanych przy zastosowaniu tej metody. Wyniki przeprowadzonej analizy pozwalają na sformułowanie rekomendacji do stosowania metody do badania stosunków międzynarodowych. Autor przedstawia również słabe strony metody, których istnienia powinien być świadomy każdy z niej korzystający.
Artur Laska, Teoria polityki. Próba ujęcia integralnego
Authors: Obacz Piotr
Published: June 2018

Artur Laska, Teoria polityki. Próba ujęcia integralnego
Siła współczesnych państw. Ujęcie teoretyczne
Authors: Łoś Robert
Published: June 2018

Potęga państw współczesnych nie straciła na aktualności. Można to zaobserwować w ujęciu przedstawicieli różnych teorii stosunków międzynarodowych. Dzieje się tak pomimo zmian w systemie międzynarodowym i innym spojrzeniu na zakres siły państw. Zmiany w systemie spowodowały, iż obok tak oczywistych wyznaczników siły państwa, jak wojskowych czy ekonomicznych należy również uwzględnić inne, definiowane poprzez soft power. Należy uwzględnić również mechanizm uruchamiania siły w postaci sprawnie działającego państwa czy woli wspólnoty do realizacji celów. W ocenie współczesnej potęgi należy również uwzględnić aspekt systemu międzynarodowego, który w dużym stopniu wpływa jakie elementy siły są ważne, a jakie mniej istotne w danej sytuacji. Uwzględniając powyższe uwarunkowania, ważne jest przyjęcie, że siła państwa jest zespolonym wynikiem wojskowych, ekonomicznych i miękkich czynników. Należy jednak uwzględnić czynniki zewnętrzne, systemowe, które ostatecznie określają siłę państwa. W badaniach nad problematyką siły państwa wykorzystano kilka metod badawczych. Analiza systemową, której wartość w badaniach siły jest szczególnie ważna z uwagi na konieczność określenia jej miejsca w systemie międzynarodowym na jego różnych poziomach. Ważne, szczególnie w zakresie potęgometrii są metody statystyczne, które uwzględniają zarówno stronę ilościową, jak i jakościową badanych zjawisk. W badaniach nad potęgą zastosowanie ma również metoda porównawcza (analogia) zwana też komparatywną, z uwagi na możliwości wykrycia podobieństw oraz różnic między procesami i zjawiskami.
The Integrated Design of Power Dividerand Low-pass Filter
Authors: Wu Guoan , Dong Siyuan , Xu Qinfen
Published: June 2018

A compact filtering Wilkinson power divider with harmonic suppression based on lumped components is presented in this paper. The new divider uses two 5th-order elliptic-function low-pass filters to replace the quarter wavelength microstrip lines of the conventional Wilkinson power divider. The structure combines the power divider and the filter into a complete device. By integrating elliptic low-pass filters with the power divider, the proposed structure can suppress harmonics due to the filter’s band-notched characteristic. The power divider demonstrates a measured suppression of 37.1 dB for the second harmonic, 36.6 dB for the third harmonic, 38.6 dB for the fourth harmonic respectively. The harmonic suppression is higher than 20 dB from 2.75 to 7.035 GHz. Furthermore, lumped components are utilized to achieve improvement on size reduction. Compared with the conventional divider, the proposed structure effectively reduces the size by 77 %. The insertion loss is 3.2 dB at the center frequency (1.45GHz).
Economical Feasibility of Photovoltaic Array Power Increase by Alternative Structures Inclusion
Authors: Fernandes Felipe Teixeira , Farret Felix , De Nardin Carlos Roberto , Pires Jairo Afonso , Brondani Moacir , Longo Adriano
Published: June 2018

Photovoltaic panel prices reduced last years. However, module cost per kWh is still expensive when compared with other energy sources. This paper discusses an economic analysis of photovoltaic arrays modified by alternative structures to increase their output power. These structures include increased incident irradiance by solar trackers and/or sun irradiance concentration enhanced by reduction of power losses caused by higher temperatures. Although, modules increased efficiency may demand for more expensive systems. Thus, study cases are presented considering each alternative structure used for photovoltaic power generation increase.
Super (a,d)-H-antimagic labeling of subdivided graphs
Authors: Taimur Amir , Numan Muhammad , Ali Gohar , Mumtaz Adeela , Semaničová-Feňovčíková Andrea
Published: June 2018

A simple graphG= (V,E) admits anH-covering, if every edge inE(G) belongs to a subgraph ofGisomorphic toH. A graphGadmitting anH-covering is called an (a,d)-H-antimagic if there exists a bijective functionf:V(G) ∪E(G) → {1, 2, …, |V(G)| + |E(G)|} such that for all subgraphsH′ isomorphic toHthe sums ∑v∈V(H′)f(v) + ∑e∈E(H′)f(e) form an arithmetic sequence {a,a+d, …,a+ (t− 1)d}, wherea> 0 andd≥ 0 are integers andtis the number of all subgraphs ofGisomorphic toH. Moreover, if the vertices are labeled with numbers 1, 2, …, |V(G)| the graph is called super. In this paper we deal with super cycle-antimagicness of subdivided graphs. We also prove that the subdivided wheel admits an (a,d)-cycle-antimagic labeling for somed.
Likegyldighetens tvetydighet: Overdosedødsfall etter rusmiddelbehandling
Authors: Berg Elin
Published: June 2018

Ambiguous indifference – fatal overdoses among marginalized drug users after discharge from inpatient treatment

Background

In the European context, Norway is one of the countries with the highest overdose-related mortality rate. Research proves that the risk of overdose mortality among marginalized drug users is particularly high during the first weeks after discharge from inpatient treatment.

Aim

It is therefore interesting to investigate whether there might be a connection between marginalization and treatment culture to understand fatale overdoses after discharge from inpatient treatment.

Design & Methods

The case study is based on a previous field study connected to the death register. The study focuses on a single individual, Sam, and his treatment process. Data is analyzed in the light of a cultural analytical perspective.

Results

The results shows how the treatment system can be a social arena for institutional exclusion and marginalization that aggravate the person's self-esteem and life situation. One central aspect of the process of treatment was that it generated indifference. Sam's treatment motivation developed into treatment indifference. In the last part of the article, the author discusses indifference as a risk aspect of overdose mortality after discharged from treatment. It is not possible to conclude if Sam's overdose death was an accident or suicide. However, in the light of action theory the case shows that indifference can be a central aspect of both an unintentional and intentional overdose. Sam's death can be understood in the light of the concept ambiguous indifference.

Conclusion

The case shows that there may be a relationship between marginality, treatment culture and overdose mortality. Cultural and structural aspects of the treatment system put Sam in an empty and risky situation that probably contributed to his death. In a comparison of risk situations in this case-history with recent research on treatment system, we can see several worrisome resemblances considering overdose mortality after discharge from inpatient treatment.
Effects of Probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) Supplementation During Offseason Resistance Training in Female Division I Athletes
Authors: Toohey Jeremy C. , Townsend Jeremy R. , Johnson Sean B. , Toy Ann M. , Vantrease William C. , Bender David , Crimi Chelsea C. , Stowers Kathryn L. , Ruiz Matthew D. , VanDusseldorp Trisha A. , Feito Yuri , Mangine Gerald T.
Published: June 2018

Toohey, JC, Townsend, JR, Johnson, SB, Toy, AM, Vantrease, WC, Bender, D, Crimi, CC, Stowers, KL, Ruiz, MD, VanDusseldorp, TA, Feito, Y, and Mangine, GT. Effects of probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) supplementation during offseason resistance training in female Division I athletes. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3173–3181, 2020–We examined the effects of probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) supplementation during offseason training in collegiate athletes. Twenty-three Division I female athletes (19.6 ± 1.0 years, 67.5 ± 7.4 kg, and 170.6 ± 6.8 cm) participated in this study and were randomized into either a probiotic (n = 11; DE111) or placebo (n = 12; PL) group while counterbalancing groups for sport. Athletes completed a 10-week resistance training program during the offseason, which consisted of 3–4 workouts per week of upper- and lower-body exercises and sport-specific training. Athletes consumed DE111 (DE111; 5 billion CFU/day) or PL supplement daily for the entire 10-week program. Before and after training, all athletes underwent 1 repetition maximum (1RM) strength testing (squat, deadlift, and bench press), performance testing (vertical jump and pro-agility), and isometric midthigh pull testing. Body composition (body fat [BF]%) was completed using BODPOD and bioelectrical impedance analysis, as well as muscle thickness (MT) measurement of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis using ultrasonography. Separate repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to analyze all data. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) main effects for time were observed for improved squat 1RM, deadlift 1RM, bench press 1RM, vertical jump, RF MT, and BF%. Of these, a significant group × time interaction was noted for BF% (p = 0.015), where greater reductions were observed in DE111 (−2.05 ± 1.38%) compared with PL (−0.2 ± 1.6%). No other group differences were observed. These data suggest that probiotic consumption in conjunction with post-workout nutrition had no effect on physical performance but may improve body composition in female Division I soccer and volleyball players after offseason training.
Festa é coisa séria: José Guilherme Magnani e a Antropologia Urbana no Brasil
Authors: Rodrigues Vagner Barreto , Rieth Flávia Maria Silva
Published: June 2018

Neste artigo, fazemos o exercício de pensar a Antropologia da Antropologia, com a atenção voltada para a abordagem da festa, da sociabilidade e do lazer nas pesquisas antropológicas brasileiras. A partir de uma perspectiva de “teoria vivida”, queremos refletir, por meio da relação entre o contexto sociocultural, a obra acadêmica e a trajetória de vida do antropólogo José Guilherme Magnani, alguns dos problemas e questões do campo antropológico dentro, e fora, da academia. Neste processo, destacamos algumas das linhagens antropológicas que contribuíram para a institucionalização dos paradigmas da Antropologia Urbana no Brasil, bem como a tensão criada em campo com a inserção da festa como forma de reflexão a respeito da cidade, de seus moradores e de seus modos de vida. Abstract: In this paper, we discuss the idea of Anthropology of the Anthropology, with special attention to the Brazilian anthropological studies that have been devoted to party, sociability, and leisure. From the perspective of an "experienced theory", we present, through the prism of his sociocultural context, the life and works of José Guilherme Magnani and some of the problems concerning to the Anthropology, inside and outside of the academic scope. In this process, we pinpoint some of the anthropological lineages that have added to the institutionalization of paradigms of the Urban Anthropology in Brazil as well as some tension due to the insertion of partying as a way of reflexion about the city, its inhabitants and their ways of life.
Explorer l’histoire et l’archéologie de la colonisation grecque (époques archaïque et classique) : sources, méthodes, enjeux
Authors: Esposito Arianna , Pollini Airton
Published: June 2018

La thématique de la colonisation grecque aux époques archaïque et classique relève d’un ensemble de débats historiographiques récents et met en lumière les partis pris anciens et modernes dans l’étude des mobilités individuelles et collectives des anciens Grecs. L’Antiquité se fait ainsi très actuelle. The issue of Greek colonization in Archaic and Classic periods stands from a set of recent historiographical debate and it underlines ancient and modern standpoints in the study of Greek individual and collective mobility. Antiquity becomes thus very present.
Urbanisme régulier, occupation des campagnes et rapports interethniques en Grande-Grèce
Authors: Pollini Airton
Published: June 2018

L’Italie du Sud est probablement la région la mieux connue du monde grec antique. Quelques sources écrites mais surtout des études archéologiques menées depuis longtemps ont permis le développement des recherches sur plusieurs aspects au cœur de la thématique de la colonisation grecque. Ce travail se concentre sur trois aspects essentiels : l’appropriation de l’espace colonial, l’interaction avec les populations indigènes et l’urbanisation des nouvelles installations. The South Italy is probably the best known region of the ancient Greek world. Some written sources but especially archaeological work undertaken for a long time allowed the development of research on several aspects at the heart of the issues of Greek colonization. This paper concentrates on three essential aspects: the appropriation of colonial space, the interaction with the native populations, and the urbanization of new establishments.
Por uma abordagem geoarqueológica: a interface entre a Arqueologia e as Ciências da Terra e a ênfase no contexto espacial
Authors: Araujo Renata Pedroso de
Published: June 2018

Este artigo consiste numa argumentação acerca da importância da Geoarqueologia enquanto componente básico de qualquer pesquisa arqueológica. A abordagem geoarqueológica nasce da interface entre a Arqueologia e as Ciências da Terra, mais especificamente da aplicação de conceitos, métodos e técnicas da segunda sobre a primeira, colocando em evidência as características espaciais que compõem o registro arqueológico. As implicações das Geociências em métodos e técnicas arqueológicas se verificam historicamente, desde os primórdios da Arqueologia enquanto disciplina científica, e essa interface se justifica pela própria natureza espacial do registro arqueológico, uma vez que este está inserido numa matriz sedimentar. Nessa perspectiva, estudos de processos de formação constituem uma etapa fundamental para o estudo de qualquer contexto arqueológico, pois a investigação dos agentes naturais e culturais que formam e transformam o depósito é condição sine qua non para quaisquer inferências de comportamento.Abstract: This article is an argument about the importance of Geoarchaeology as a basic component of any archaeological research. The geoarchaeological approach arises from the interface between Archaeology and the Earth Sciences, more specifically from the application of concepts, methods, and techniques of the latter to the former, highlighting the spatial characteristics that make up the archaeological record. The implications of the Geosciences in archaeological methods and techniques have historically been verified since the earliest days of Archaeology as a scientific discipline, and this interface is justified by the spatial nature of the archaeological record itself since it is inserted in a sedimentary matrix. In this perspective, studies of formation processes constitute a fundamental stage for the study of any archaeological context, since the investigation of the natural and cultural agents that form and transform the deposit is a condition sine qua non for any inferences of behavior.
Explorando a história e a arqueologia da colonização grega (períodos arcaico e clássico): fontes, métodos, questões
Authors: Esposito Arianna , Pollini Airton
Published: June 2018

A temática da colonização grega nos Períodos Arcaico e Clássico faz parte de um conjunto de debates historiográficos recentes e destaca os vieses antigos e modernos no estudo das mobilidades individuais e coletivas dos antigos gregos. A Antiguidade se faz, assim, muito atual.
Diáspora, colônia, colonização: desafios e questões de um léxico
Authors: Esposito Arianna , Pollini Airton
Published: June 2018

O recurso ao termo "diáspora" no contexto de alguns estudos recentemente publicados na França e em outros lugares constitui uma clara tentativa de evitar o termo "colonização". Se a palavra “colonização” não é neutra, em razão de sua historiografia recente, seria o termo “diáspora” pertinente para falar dos antigos assentamentos gregos, especialmente no Período Arcaico? O problema lexical é evidentemente uma das principais áreas da pesquisa contemporânea e ele condiciona em grande medida a apreciação que podemos fazer das diferentes experiências de mobilidade de contingentes de população grega no Mediterrâneo. Eis por que nos parece oportuno começar por essas questões de vocabulário, tanto sobre categorias heurísticas quanto sobre vocabulário grego
Pré-colonização: uma palavra para dizer a arqueologia dos primeiros contatos?
Authors: Esposito Arianna
Published: June 2018

Este artigo propõe reavaliar a ideia de “pré-colonização”, uma noção fundadora da literatura arqueológica sobre a colonização grega. Discutimos aqui a sua interpretação teórica e as dificuldades associadas a ela. Conceito ideologicamente carregado, especialmente na perspectiva dos estudos pós-coloniais, que inicialmente ilustra a emulação e a rivalidade entre os defensores da talassocracia fenícia e os defensores do primado dos gregos como civilizadores do Ocidente, a noção de pré-colonização permanece, em nosso ponto de vista, relevante assim como o da colonização. Ambos ilustram dois fenômenos historicamente e funcionalmente diferentes, apesar da ideia de contiguidade implicitamente induzida pelo prefixo “pré-”. Este artigo pretende ir além desta ideia, apontando as mudanças relacionais entre gregos e nativos impostas pela fundação das colônias e pelos potenciais conflitos resultantes para o controle da terra.
Os Gregos no Adriático
Authors: Castiglioni Maria Paola
Published: June 2018

Situado no cruzamento entre as penínsulas Balcânica e Italiana, e conectando os espaços mediterrânicos das regiões da Europa central e setentrional, o mar Adriático experimentou uma importante presença grega a partir de pelo menos meados do século IX a.C. Atraídos pelas oportunidades comerciais  às quais os litorais desse mar davam acesso, os gregos, no entanto, raramente se instalaram de forma permanente em estrutura de apoikia. Através de uma apresentação sintética, esta contribuição visa a pôr em evidência como a "mobilidade" grega nesse mar está inserida nos contextos históricos mais vastos e complexos (a "tirania" de Periandro, os projetos hegemônicos de Dionísio de Siracusa) e destacar o impacto das implantações coloniais ou empóricas gregas nas populações locais.
As colônias gregas do sul da Gália (séc. VII – II a.C.)
Authors: Joncheray Claire
Published: June 2018

O sul da Gália é caracterizado pela forte presença fócia. A colonização de tipo foceu é tardia mas é a única que se espalhou ao norte da região tirrênica; e é o fenômeno mais persistente em termos de duração, do século VII ao II a.C. Este artigo mostra como se desenvolve a implantação grega no território e as relações com as populações locais. Dos primeiros contatos, há alguns vestígios materiais nas necrópoles celtas do sul da Gália. A partir da fundação de Marselha, por volta de 600 a.C., a paisagem cultural e política se altera permanentemente. O artigo apresenta o assentamento de Marselha e o de Ólbia da Provença, uma das cinco colônias de Marselha no litoral mediterrâneo celta. Este artigo integra as transferências culturais no estudo dos processos de instalação dos gregos.
The Effects of Store Environment and Merchandise to Customer Responses: an Empirical Study
Authors: Haryono Richard I. , Sihombing Sabrina O.
Published: June 2018

This study aims to determine the relationship between store environments consisting of social cues, design cues, ambient gestures, and merchandise cues and their impact on cognitive and affective consumer evaluations of stores and merchandise that will influence approach behavior. The retail industry in Indonesia has increased inevitably. This development is predicted to continue to increase to 8% by 2018. As a result, stores are competing to offer new and unique experiences for both cognitive and affective customers. Over the past decade, similar research has rarely been done. In addition, item cues variables are also rarely mentioned in previous studies. Therefore, this study aims to explain more about merchandise cues. The basis of this research is quantitative method, using descriptive research type with research object Foodmart Primo Maxxbox Lippo Village. The sample size involved 200 respondents selected by applying purposive sampling. After data collected, the data were analyzed by using structural equation modeling (SEM). There are three out of 12 hypotheses that were not supported in this study. The three hypotheses are the relationship between ambient cues with consumers’ cognitive evaluation of the store, and no relationship between consumer cognitive evaluation and approach behavior. Theoretical and managerial implications and suggestions for further research are also discussed in this study.This study aims to determine the relationship between store environments consisting of social cues, design cues, ambient gestures, and merchandise cues and their impact on cognitive and affective consumer evaluations of stores and merchandise that will influence approach behavior. The retail industry in Indonesia has increased inevitably. This development is predicted to continue to increase to 8% by 2018. As a result, stores are competing to offer new and unique experiences for both cognitive and affective customers. Over the past decade, similar research has rarely been done. In addition, item cues variables are also rarely mentioned in previous studies. Therefore, this study aims to explain more about merchandise cues. The basis of this research is quantitative method, using descriptive research type with research object Foodmart Primo Maxxbox Lippo Village. The sample size involved 200 respondents selected by applying purposive sampling. After data collected, the data were analyzed by using structural equation modeling (SEM). There are three out of 12 hypotheses that were not supported in this study. The three hypotheses are the relationship between ambient cues with consumers’ cognitive evaluation of the store, and no relationship between consumer cognitive evaluation and approach behavior. Theoretical and managerial implications and suggestions for further research are also discussed in this study.
Chromosomal analysis in IVF: just how useful is it?
Authors: Griffin Darren K , Ogur Cagri
Published: June 2018

Designed to minimize chances of transferring genetically abnormal embryos, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) involvesin vitrofertilization (IVF), embryo biopsy, diagnosis and selective embryo transfer. Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) aims to avoid miscarriage and live born trisomic offspring and to improve IVF success. Diagnostic approaches include fluorescencein situhybridization (FISH) and more contemporary comprehensive chromosome screening (CCS) including array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), next-generation sequencing (NGS) and karyomapping. NGS has an improved dynamic range, and karyomapping can detect chromosomal and monogenic disorders simultaneously. Mosaicism (commonplace in human embryos) can arise by several mechanisms; those arising initially meiotically (but with a subsequent post-zygotic ‘trisomy rescue’ event) usually lead to adverse outcomes, whereas the extent to which mosaics that are initially chromosomally normal (but then arise purely post-zygotically) can lead to unaffected live births is uncertain. Polar body (PB) biopsy is the least common sampling method, having drawbacks including cost and inability to detect any paternal contribution. Historically, cleavage-stage (blastomere) biopsy has been the most popular; however, higher abnormality levels, mosaicism and potential for embryo damage have led to it being superseded by blastocyst (trophectoderm – TE) biopsy, which provides more cells for analysis. Improved biopsy, diagnosis and freeze-all strategies collectively have the potential to revolutionize PGT-A, and there is increasing evidence of their combined efficacy. Nonetheless, PGT-A continues to attract criticism, prompting questions of when we consider the evidence base sufficient to justify routine PGT-A? Basic biological research is essential to address unanswered questions concerning the chromosome complement of human embryos, and we thus entreat companies, governments and charities to fund more. This will benefit both IVF patients and prospective parents at risk of aneuploid offspring following natural conception. The aim of this review is to appraise the ‘state of the art’ in terms of PGT-A, including the controversial areas, and to suggest a practical ‘way forward’ in terms of future diagnosis and applied research.
Frontmatter
Authors: Staff Editorial
Published: June 2018

frontmatter
The Heroin and Opioid Epidemic: Pennsylvania’s Statewide Disaster Emergency
Authors: Nordenberg Mark A. , Pringle Janice L.
Published: June 2018

The Editor’s Note provides an introduction to the opioid epidemic in Pennsylvania. It also provides an overview of the articles in issue 20:2-3.
Treatment, Overdose, and Finding the Road to Recovery
Authors: Flaherty Michael T.
Published: June 2018

To address the role of treatment in Pennsylvania’s overdose challenge, certain ideological impediments must be identified and addressed. A separateness of harm reduction from treatment as different approaches, a separateness of public health and public safety as partners in the solution, of public health from private insurance for treating the illness must all be overcome by a prioritized, unified vision. Without this, today’s policies cannot build on the available twenty-­first-­century science in both specialty care and general practice—let alone in our communities. Coupled with societal factors including universal stigma for the illness and those suffering it, these divides have created fertile ground for today’s predictable epidemic. Through collective determination with increased access to described interventions and treatment, including expanded access to medication-­assisted treatments and an enhanced, broadened, skilled interdisciplinary and peer workforce built on a “recovery” philosophy, locally implemented efforts with county, state, and federal leadership can reverse the epidemic.
The relationship of Charlson comorbidity index with stent restenosis and extent of coronary artery disease
Authors: Karabağ Turgut , Altuntaş Emіne , Kalaycı Belma , Şahіn Bahar , Somuncu Mustafa Umut , Çakır Mustafa Ozan
Published: June 2018

Objectives

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of comorbid conditions [Charlson comorbidity index (CCI)] on stent restenosis who underwent coronary angioplasty earlier.

Methods

Patients were divided into two groups; patients with critical restenosis [recurrent diameter stenosis >50% at the stent segment or its edges (5-mm segments adjacent to the stent) (Group 1; n = 53, mean age: 63.8 ± 9.9 years)] and patients with no critical restenosis [<50% obstruction (Group 2; n = 94, mean age: 62.1 ± 9.1 years)]. The CCI and modified CCI were used for the presence of comorbid conditions. The Gensini scoring system was used to assess the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD).

Results

Group 1 had a significantly greater CCI and modified CCI score compared to Group 2 (7.1 ± 3.7 vs. 5.6 ± 1.6, p = 0.006; 6.9 ± 3.6 vs. 4.5 ± 1.5, p = 0.008, respectively). There was a weak correlation, albeit significant, between the modified CCI score and restenosis percentage (r = 0.29, p < 0.001; r = 0.25, p = 0.003, respectively).

Conclusions

In conclusion, the CCI score is greater among patients with stent restenosis than those without. CCI score is higher among patients with a more diffuse CAD than with a milder disease extent.
Efektivitas Metode Tamyiz terhadap Memori dalam Mempelajari Alquran pada Santri Pondok Pesantren Quran
Authors: Fauziyyah Alfi , Ulfiah Ulfiah , Hidayat Ila Nurlaila
Published: June 2018

One way to memorize and understand the Qur'an is to learn Arabic. Learning Arabic is still considered a difficult thing for most people. Also, students who studied the Qur'an are only able to read and memorize the verses of the Qur'an without understand the meaning of these verses. This study aims to determine the effect of Tamyiz Method on memory in learning Qur'an. This research used true-experimental method with before match after design. The subjects were students of Islamic boarding school of Qur'an Al-Lathifah, each consisting of 35 people in the experimental group and the control group. The result shows that Tamyiz Method influences memory in learning Qur'an. This method has repetition process, that is elaborative rehearsal and there is mnemonic learning strategy. Qur’an is memorized using imagination and word made using popular songs, making it easier for students in saving information in long-term memory.
Hubungan Kualitas Puasa dan Kebahagiaan Santri Pondok Pesantren Al-Ihsan
Authors: Muhopilah Pipih , Gamayanti Witrin , Kurniadewi Elisa
Published: June 2018

Fasting is one of worship rituals that is usually done by santri, but they have many activities in boarding school and campus that caused not only positive but also various negative effects. These effects may lower the productivity and life satisfaction, and increase negative emotion. This research aims to examine the relationship of fasting quality and happiness. This study used quantitative method with the fasting quality scale based on Al-Ghazali’s theory and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, which is analyzed by Pearson analysis method. Total respondent for this research is 150 respondents. The result of this research shows that the quality of fasting had correlation with santri’s happiness, with percentage is 0.466. When fasting santri avoided to do something bad, be more patient, and tried to do anything according with guidance from Allah that it causes positive emotion and satisfaction, so they have high quality of fasting and happiness.
On the Hypergraphs and candidate keys
Authors: Thi Vu Duc
Published: June 2018

The combinatorial problems are interesting in the relational  datamodel. The theory of hypergraphs was a very useful tool for the solution of combinatorial problems. The transversal and the minimal transversal are important concepts in this theory. In this paper, base on hypergraph we  give some new characterizations of the set the candidate keys in the relational datamodel.
Inappropriate activity of local renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system during high salt intake: impact on the cardio-renal axis
Authors: Gonsalez Sabrina Ribeiro , Ferrão Fernanda Magalhães , Souza Alessandro Miranda de , Lowe Jennifer , Morcillo Lucienne da Silva Lara
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT Although there is a general agreement on the recommendation for reduced salt intake as a public health issue, the mechanism by which high salt intake triggers pathological effects on the cardio-renal axis is not completely understood. Emerging evidence indicates that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is the main target of high Na+ intake. An inappropriate activation of tissue RAAS may lead to hypertension and organ damage. We reviewed the impact of high salt intake on the RAAS on the cardio-renal axis highlighting the molecular pathways that leads to injury effects. We also provide an assessment of recent observational studies related to the consequences of non-osmotically active Na+ accumulation, breaking the paradigm that high salt intake necessarily increases plasma Na+ concentration promoting water retention
Making the Most of Precious Metal Nanoparticles in the Purification of Industrial Wastewater by Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation
Authors: Saunders Korrin , Davies Dafydd , Golunski Stan , Johnston Peter , Plucinski Pawel
Published: June 2018

The aim of catalytic wet air oxidation is to use air to remove organic contaminants from wastewater through their complete oxidation, without having to vaporise the water. To date, the widespread exploitation of this process has been held back by the low activity of available catalysts, which means that it has to be operated at above-atmospheric pressure in order to keep the water in the liquid phase at the elevated temperatures required to achieve complete oxidation. Here we present an overview of an ongoing study examining the key requirements of both the active phase and the support material in precious metal catalysts for wet air oxidation, using phenol as the model contaminant. The major outcome to date is that the results reveal a synergy between platinum and hydrophobic support materials, which is not apparent when the active phase is ruthenium.
HİDROSALPİNKS TANISINDA ULTRASONOGRAFİ VE HİSTEROSALPİNGOGRAFİ YETERİNCE GÜVENİLİR Mİ?
Authors: HERKİLOĞLU Dilşad , KABACA Canan
Published: June 2018

HİDROSALPİNKS TANISINDA
ULTRASONOGRAFİ VE HİSTEROSALPİNGOGRAFİ YETERİNCE GÜVENİLİR Mİ? ÖZET AMAÇ:İnfertil
hastaların uterin boşluğu ve fallop tüplerini ilk basamak değerlendirme ultrasonografi
(USG) ile olup bir sonraki aşamada diğer gelişmiş ve etkili yöntemler olmasına
rağmen histerosalpingografi (HSG) ucuz, kolaylıkla erişilebilir ve yorumlanması
kolay olduğundan yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmamızda HSG ve USG
sonucunda hidrosalpinks ön tanısı konulan hastaların laparoskopi ile
korelasyonunu değerlendirerek HSG’nin ve USG’nin hidrosalpinks tanısı koymadaki
değeri ve birbirlerine üstünlüğü olup olmadığını  göstermeyi amaçladık.YÖNTEM:Çalışmaya
1 Ağustos 2015 ile 1 Nisan 2017 tarihleri arasında hastanemizin kadın doğum
polikliniklerine infertilite nedeniyle ile başvuran HSG’de ya da USG’de
hidrosalpinks saptanan 48 hasta dahil edildi. Tüm hastalar genel anestezi
altında, laparoskopi ile opere edildi. Laparoskopide her iki tuba serbest  metilen mavisi geçişi değerlendirildi. HSG
veya USG sonucu ile laparoskopi sonucunun korele olmaması HSG’nin ya da USG’nin
yanlış teşhisi olarak değerlendirildi. 
Laparoskopide patolojik bulguların olması halinde HSG ya da USG teşhisi
doğru olarak kabul edildi. BULGULAR:48
hastanın 30’u primer infertil 18’i sekonder infertildi. 26 hastaya HSG ile
hidrosalpinks düşünüldü. Laparoskopi sonrası 15’inde (%57,7) hidrosalpinks
doğrulandı. 25 hastaya USG ile hidrosalpinks ön tanısıyla laparoskopi yapıldı.
17’sinde (%68)  hidrosalpinks doğrulandı.
3 hastada hem USG de hemde HSG de hidrosalpinks mevcuttu. Bu hastalarda USG
bulgularının laparoskopi ile korelasyonu değerlendirildi. Hsg’nin teşhis
doğruluğu (%57,7) USG’nin teşhis doğruluğu (%68) ile arasında istatistiksel bir
fark saptanmadı. (P=0,638).  SONUÇ: İnfertilitenin
ilk basamak değerlendirmelerinden olan USG ve HSG ile ucuz ve kolay bir şekilde
hidrosalpinks tanısı konulabilir.  Anahtar
sözcükler: Hidrosalpinks, İnfertilte, Laparoskopi
Fetal Ventrikülomegali Olgularında Ek Anomali Tanısında Fetal Ultrasonografiiel Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme Tetkiklerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BAKIR Vuslat Lale , ERTEKİN A. Aktuğ , ŞAHİNOĞLU Zeki , SENCER Nebiye Serra
Published: June 2018

Amaç: Antenatal dönemde yapılan USG’de fetal
ventrikülomegali saptanan olgularda, ek bulgular açısından, fetal USG ile fetal
MRG  tetkiklerini karşılaştırmaktır. Materyal ve Metod: Mayıs 2009 - Nisan 2010
tarihleri arasında USG’de ventrikülomegali tanısı konan 46
hasta dahil edildi. Fetal yaş 21-35 gebelik haftası (GH), arasındaydı. 4
hastada klostrofobi nedeniyle, 2 hastada da onay vermedikleri için MRG tetkiki
yapılamadı. 40 hastaya MRG tetkiki yapıldı, diğer 6 hasta çalışmadan çıkarıldı. Ventrikülomegali
derecesi hafif  (10-14 mm) ve belirgin
(15 mm ve üzeri) olarak 2’ye ayrılarak değerlendirildi. USG
tetkiki sonrası en geç 4 gün içerisinde hastalara MRG tetkiki yapıldı. MR
görüntüleme, 1.5 T MR cihazında (Sympony, Siemens, Erlangen, Almanya),
"phased array" vücut sarmalı kullanılarak yapıldı. Fetal anatomiyi
belirlemek için fetal pozisyona uygun başlıca 3 planda "Half-Fourier
acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo" (HASTE) sekansı (TR: 4.4, TE: 64,
sapma açısı: 150°, kesit kalınlığı: 6 mm, kesitler arası boşluk: 0.1 mm,
matriks: 160x256, FOV: 350 mm) kullanıldı. MRG ve USG tetkiklerinde tanısal
uyumu olan hasta sıklıkları ve MRG tetkiki ile ek tanısal bilgi elde edilen
hastaların sıklıkları, % 95 güven aralığı ile birlikte verildi. Grupların
karşılaştırılmasında ki-kare (yates) testi kullanıldı. Anlamlılık p<0.05
düzeyinde değerlendirildi.                                                                             
               Bulgular:  28 hastada (Grup I) hafif
ventrikülümegali (10-14mm), 12 hastada (Grup II) belirgin ventrikülomegali
(>15 mm)  saptandı. I.gruptaki 28
hastanın 7’sinde (% 25 [% 95 GA; 0.11-0.45]) , II.gruptaki 12 hastanın 5’inde
(% 42 [% 95 GA; 0.15-0.72]) ve tüm olgular göz önüne alındığında toplam 12
hastada (% 30 [% 95 GA; 0.16-0.46])  MRG
tetkiki USG’ye ek bulgu saptadı. MRG tetkikinin sağladığı ek bulgular açısından
her iki grup karşılaştırıldığında, belirgin ventrikülomegali olan grupta MRG
tetkiki  daha fazla oranla ek bulgu (%
42) saptamasına rağmen istatistiksel olarak hafif ventrikülomegali olan grupla
( % 25) arasında anlamlı fark saptanmadı ( x² yates: 0.459, p:0.498). MRG
tetkiki I. grupta 4 olguda (% 14  [% 95
GA; 0.09-0.34]) II.Grupta ise 3 olguda (% 25 [% 95 GA; 0.14-0.94])  hasta yönetimini değiştirdi. Tüm hasta grubu
göz önüne alındığında  olguların %
17’sinde  [% 95 GA; 0.13-0.41] hasta
yönetimini değiştirdi.  

Sonuç:  Çalışmamız, her ne kadar USG tetkikinin ventrikülomegali olgularında
yüksek oranda doğru tanı koyabilsede, fetal MRG tetkikinin özellikle eşlik
edebilecek diğer SSS anomalilerini ortaya koymakta USG’ye ek bulgular
saptayabileceğini ortaya koymuştur.