bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Temperature Cross in Feed Bottom Exchanger
Authors: Albert Eliot Robin Bruce
Published: March 2023

The feed bottom exchanger is normally applied to improve the heat recovery, thereby reducing the external heat addition by means of live steam, re-boiler duty, or fired heater duty. A typical approach to heat integration to maximize the heat recovery using feed bottom exchangers would require overcoming the temperature cross in the exchangers. Thermodynamically, heat exchange beyond the cross temperature in a heat exchanger which is not truly countercurrent, is actually not possible. Hence penalty by means of excess area (extra shell) is required to overcome the cross temperature. Conventionally E-shells in series are applied to facilitate the heat exchange beyond the temperature cross. The F-shell exchanger, which is truly countercurrent, can also be used to achieve the same, but constrains such as physical and thermal leakage limit the usage. Recent advancement by the use of twisted tubes in F shell, avoids the physical leakage, because twisted tube bundle is a baffle free design. For the case under study, the heat exchange beyond the temperature cross is not likely to benefit. Hence the use of F shell exchanger will not be attractive. To overcome the temperature cross, the exchanger design is tuned by increasing number of passes or by increasing the number of exchangers in series, enabling more area requirement. An alternative proposal of heat exchange up to the temperature cross is delineated. The parameters that affect/impact the scenario are discussed. The feed bottom exchanger commonly used in units is hydro-treater reactor, amine regenerator and sour water stripper. In the present investigation Sour Water Stripper (SWS) is considered for the case studies.
A New Approach of Petrophysical Rock Typing (PRT) for Carbonate Reservoir Using KNN Based on Conventional Wireline Data and Core Analysis Data
Authors: Nie Xiang Bin , Wang An , Hao Jianfei
Published: March 2023

For reservoir simulation, one of the most important part of reservoir characterization is rock typing, where rock quality is evaluated and estimated for any simulation grid and OOIP (original oil in place) is calculated based on average petrophysical parameters for any layer. To allocate different rock types to simulation grids, rock types should be assigned according to ranges of parameters that differentiate different rock types.

Based on the experience in carbonate reservoirs of XXXX oilfield and other oilfields, irreducible water saturation (Swi) is a critical differentiation parameter for rock typing, although it can be difficult and expensive to evaluate. In oil zones, water saturation from log data is assumed to be the irreducible water saturation. The problem arises in transition zone and water zone, where water saturation from log data is not equal to the irreducible water saturation of that rock.

KNN(K-Nearest Neighbor) is an effective machine learning method for classification and regression in many industries including geo-science. Models can be trained and predict irreducible water saturation from the traditional logs such as GR, Density, Neutron, Sonic using KNN and other Machine Learning methods using labelled data from oil zones. Randomly selected 50% of the dataset was used for training and other 50% was used as testing dataset to be predicted. The prediction precision of KNN method can reach the minimum 92% line for all 25 wells studied and is most robust compared to other methods such as Random Forest and SVM. The trained model was used to predict all the rock types in the reservoir and was confirmed in wells with core data and other advanced measurements data.

A new approach of petrophysical rock typing (PRT) for carbonate reservoir using KNN based on traditional wireline data and core analysis data is studied and the results show it can solve the PRT problems in carbonate reservoir simulation without acquiring extra data and additional cost. A new workflow was established to process wireline data and provide the PRT results based on wireline data for every newly drilled well on top of traditional "Porosity-Permeability-Saturation" petrophysical evaluation results. This paper presents the methodology, workflow, results, verification, as well as appropriate application scenarios of this new approach. Considering the requirements of the data input and the workflow of the approach, it could be applied widely in similar carbonate reservoirs.
Analysis of Fracturing Cutter Development and In-Bit Sensing Parameter Optimization when Drilling a Challenging Heterogeneous Section Containing Massive Cherts with a PDC Containing Both Shearing and Fracturing Elements
Authors: Nunez Ygnacio Jesus , Ruiz Fernando , Al Nuaimi Mouza , Amorocho Alexander , Connelly Nicola , El-Hafez Hany , Fierro Juan Carlos
Published: March 2023

A PDC design containing updated fracturing elements and utilizing in-bit sensing to optimize parameters can deliver improved ROP and drill a challenging heterogeneous section containing massive chert in one run compared to previously used PDC. The demonstration is supported by a real field case from an unconventional gas exploratory field project in Abu Dhabi.

In this unconventional field, seven wells have been drilled using three bits on average to complete the 12 ¼″ section (tricone and PDC) where the presence of chert has resulted in additional trips due to bit life. The content of cherts are large, at approximately 2,000 ft thick, which is the reason why it was decided to think of a new customized PDC bit design and use it in well number seven. The plan is to prove that is possible to achieve one run to TD by fracturing cutter development and optimized drillers roadmap using in-bit sensing.

The new unique PDC shaped cutter, with increased point surface area and thicker diamond table, makes the overall design more impact resistant and reduces vibrations while drilling. In bit sensing data is utilized to increase the efficiency in rock interaction through optimized parameters. It will be used in the ongoing exploratory project to demonstrate its advantage in terms of cost saving and rig time reduction.

The study will compare the data with previously used bit and create a basement for the exploratory field in 12 ¼″ section. A strong hypothesis is that this bit will complete the well in this particular area and optimize drilling costs in development studies.

Where such non-homogenous formations containing massive cherts can be crossed and have detrimental impact on the bit life, the novelty is to bring to the stage an enhanced combined PDC and parameter solution, which will be able to offer a different alternative by reducing torque, having healthier wells, and optimizing drilling cost in this unconventional field where drilling CAPEX reduction are paramount.
A New Research on the Mechanism of Stick-Slip Vibration and the Design of an Auto-Response DOC Controller
Authors: He Zhenguo , Shi Libao , Nie Hongfang , Li Lingxi , Li Canguang
Published: March 2023

Stick-slip vibration has been a major problem in drilling operations in B basin, Chad, where rocks in basement formation are hard granite. Premature failure of drill bits and string has profoundly undermined the safe and economical drilling operations. Hence, it is urgent to reveal the mechanism of stick-slip vibration and find a way to eliminate or relieve stick-slip problem. Through the numerical and experimental study on the effects of the cutting parameters on cutting performance, root cause on depth of cut (DOC) or cutting depth is revealed as the mechanism of stick-slip vibration, optimized cutting depths for different rock layers are recommended as well. With it, a novel design of auto-response DOC controller is proposed and those structural parameters are modified and via numerical simulation research. After machining and testing, the structure of the auto-response DOC controller is preliminary determined and it has acquired the satisfactory motion performance and met the testing standards as it can slowly retract into the body by resisting the load and quickly extend outward the body. The auto-response DOC controller and the anti-stick-slip PDC bit have profound application potential in developing the ultra-deep and unconventional reservoirs, especially in this era shocked by low oil price and the pandemic.
Retrological glance into the future of criminology as a criminal-legal science
Authors: Gorshenkov G. N.
Published: March 2023

Objective: to reveal the essence and signiﬁcance of the historical experience of interdisciplinary study of crime and its use in modern conditions of scientiﬁc support of crime prevention.

Methods: dialectical method and system-synergetic approach, the method of retrospection in the study and evaluation of historical facts of the complex development of scientiﬁc directions in the legal doctrine of crime and punishment; dogmatic and empirical methods determining the speciﬁcs of scientiﬁc approaches to the general subject of research, their critical analysis; comparative historical assessment of the integration of criminal-legal sciences at various stages of accumulation and development of their scientiﬁc potential; prognostic assessment of the preventive capabilities of the criminal-legal sciences within the frameworks of 5.1.4 scientiﬁc major.

Results: in modern criminal jurisprudence, there are ambiguous research approaches to the perception and evaluation of some scientiﬁc provisions. On the one hand, in retrospection, the phenomena are observed which are unproductive in relation to science or generally useless for it (due to uncriticism or formalism). On the other hand, retrospection, being methodologically justiﬁed, serves the scientiﬁc perspective, in particular, the development of associative links of criminal-legal sciences, and the activation of the historically determined general scientiﬁc function of criminology. These processes, if scientiﬁcally optimized, have the prospect of bringing the energies of criminal-legal sciences and relevant practices to a resultant effect, i.e. to a well-coordinated system of combating crime. This is what the aspirations of the founders of the new legal science of crime are aimed at.

Scientiﬁc novelty: the possibilities are substantiated of developing a number of aspects of interdisciplinary (within the framework of the 5.1.4 scientiﬁc major) research of crime regularities, of developing and implementing special measures of counteraction in the parameters of criminological and political support. A retrospective analysis of some criminological provisions in their historical connections initiates a deeper understanding of the painful issues that are covered by the category of “crime” (in the individual and cumulative meanings of this term). Initially, there were three main directions of theoretical and applied legal doctrine about crime in the scientiﬁc world of criminal justice: dogmatic-legal, criminological-legal and political-legal. Analytical reﬂections in the parameters of retrospection lead to the comprehension of a very complex nature of the evolution of scientiﬁc thought.

Practical signiﬁcance: the theoretical provisions may equip practice; namely, they form a higher and more sustainable level of criminological, or rather, criminological-political thinking, without which effective criminal-legal (legislative, law enforcement) practice is impossible.
Association between plasma irisin and impaired glucose regulation among Chinese young men: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sun Lina , Fan Dongmei , Ma Yongfang , Wang Xing , Du Guohui , Zhang Weinan , Liu Bowei , Yin Fuzai
Published: March 2023

Objective: To investigate the association between plasma irisin and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) among Chinese young men.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 86 Chinese male subjects, aged 18-45 years, who visited the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao (Hebei, China) in 2017 for annual health check-up. Anthropometric measurements, including height, weight and waist circumference (WC) were performed. All patients underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after 8 hours of fasting, and the levels of glucose, insulin, lipids and serum irisin were measured. Participants were categorized into: normal glucose tolerance (NGT) [fasting plasma glucose (FPG)＜5.6 mmol/L, and 2-h plasma glucose (2hPG) ＜7.8 mmol/L after a 75-g OGTT]; IGR[impaired fasting glucose (IFG) ( 5.6mmol/l ≤FPG＜7.0 mmol/L, and 2hPG＜7.8 mmol/L ) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (FPG＜5.6 mmol/L, and 7.8 mmol/l ≤2hPG＜11.1 mmol/L].
Results: Subjects in the IGR group had higher body mass index (BMI), WC, FPG, 2hPG and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) than subjects in the NGT group (P < 0.05). The levels of serum irisin (4.43 ± 1.44 vs. 6.25 ± 1.46 µg/mL) were significantly lower in the IGR group (P<0.05). The prevalence of obesity (42.2% vs. 65.9%), abdominal obesity (66.7% vs. 85.4%), high levels of triglyceride(22.2% vs. 41.5%), low levels of HDL-C (8.9% vs. 41.5%) and low levels of irisin (26.7% vs. 75.6%) was significantly higher among cases in the IGR group (P <0.05). A multiple logistic regression showed that irisin (OR=0.110, P= 0.000) and HOMA-IR (OR=5.586, P = 0.011) were independent risk factors for predicting IGR.
Conclusions: Serum irisin levels were reduced in Chinese young men with IGR. Reduced irisin may increase the occurrence of IGR. It suggested that irisin may predict the occurrence of impaired glucose homeostasis and should be examined in future studies.
Relative contributions of water level components to extreme water levels along the United States Southeast Atlantic Coast from a regional-scale water level hindcast
Authors: Parker Kai , Erikson Li , Thomas Jenny , Nederhoff Kees , Barnard Patrick , Muis Sanne
Published: March 2023

A 38-year hindcast water level product is developed for the United States Southeast Atlantic coastline from the entrance of Chesapeake Bay to the southeast tip of Florida. The water level modelling framework utilized in this study combines a global-scale hydrodynamic model (Global Tide and Surge Model, GTSM-ERA5), a novel ensemble-based tide model, a parameterized wave setup model, and statistical corrections applied to improve modelled water level components. Corrected water level data are found to be skillful, with an RMSE of 13 cm, when compared to observed water level measurement at tide gauge locations. The largest errors in the hindcast are location-based and typically found in the tidal component of the model. Extreme water levels across the region are driven by compound events, in this case referring to combined surge, tide, and wave forcing. However, the relative importance of water level components varies spatially, such that tides are found to be more important in the center of the study region, non-tidal residual water levels to the north, and wave setup in the north and south. Hurricanes drive the most extreme water level events within the study area, but non-hurricane events define the low to mid-level recurrence interval water level events. This study presents a robust analysis of the complex oceanographic factors that drive coastal flood events. This dataset will support a variety of critical coastal research goals including research related to coastal hazards, landscape change, and community risk assessments.
Thoracic anterior spinal cord herniation: treatment and prognosis outcome of 7 patients and review of the literature
Authors: Jiang Qingyu , Gao Gan , Tao Benzhang , Gao Haihao , Wang Hui , Wang Peixin , Sun Mengchun , Shang Aijia
Published: March 2023

Background: This study aimed to investigate the treatment and curative effects of thoracic anterior spinal cord herniation.
Methods: Clinical data of 7 patients with thoracic anterior spinal cord herniation were represented. All patients were diagnosed with a complete pre-operative examination and scheduled for surgical treatment. In addition, regular follow-up was performed after the surgery, and the operation’s efficacy was evaluated according to clinical symptoms, imaging findings, and improvement in neurological function.
Results: All patients underwent spinal cord release with an anterior dural patch. Notably, no severe post-operative surgical complications were observed. 7 patients were followed up for 12–75 months, with an average duration of approximately 46.57 months. Post-operative pain symptoms were effectively controlled, neurological dysfunction and related symptoms improved to varying degrees, and anterior spinal cord herniation did not recur. The modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association score at the last follow-up was significantly higher than the pre-operative score.
Conclusions: Clinicians should avoid misdiagnosing patients with thoracic anterior spinal cord herniation with intervertebral disc herniation, arachnoid cysts, and other related diseases, and patients should undergo surgical treatment as early as possible. In addition, surgical treatment can protect the neurological function of patients and effectively prevent the aggravation of clinical symptoms.
Continuous Triangular Fuzzy Generalized OWA Operator and Its Application to Combined Prediction
Authors: Hu Zhicheng , Zhou Ligang , Zhang Kai , Wang Yixiang
Published: March 2023

In this paper, a new aggregation operator, called the continuous triangular fuzzy generalized ordered weighted averaging (CTF-GOWA) operator, is proposed for aggregating triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs). In order to adapt to the uncertainty and complexity of prediction, differential polymerization method is used and a special form of CTF-GOWA operator is generated. In particular, the special cases of control parameters and basic unit monotone functions introduced in information aggregation is discussed and its credibility is verified. In addition, the CTF-GOWA operator is applied to the aggregation of multiple TFNs, and various aggregation operators are obtained, including the weighted CTF-GOWA (WCTF-GOWA) operator, the ordered WCTF-GOWA (OWCTF-GOWA) operator, and the combined CTF-GOWA (CCTF-GOWA) operator. Later, the induced variables are added to the OWCTF-GOWA operator to obtain the induced OWCTF-GOWA (IOWCTF-GOWA) operator, which is combined with the cosine similarity degree to construct a combined prediction model about the TFNs. The proposed model has the advantages of less computation, high accuracy, and more adaptability to the actual situation. Finally, the validity of the proposed model is verified by illustrative examples. Sensitivity and comparative analyses are also implemented to assess the stability and validity of our method.
A randomized, controlled clinical study of low molecular weight heparin improving pregnancy outcomes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Huang Ou , Ding Haixia , wu dandan , Zhang Qing , Li Wen
Published: March 2023

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), an incidence of 10%-15% in women of reproductive age, shows sex hormone disorders, luteal insufficiency and the tendency of Placental villus space thrombus. The incidence of early pregnancy loss in women with PCOS is 3-8 times higher than that in non-PCOS women. PCOS women were reported in a pre-thrombotic state, which was manifested by accelerated thrombin production, increased PAI-1 activity and fibrinogen. Other research also found an over-activated state of women with PCOS in immune system. Therefore, changing the prethrombotic state of PCOS through anticoagulation may be a new way to improve the adverse pregnancy outcome of PCOS. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), the most common used anticoagulant drug in pregnancy, and it also was proposed for the prevention of recurrent abortion. Although, the application of LMWH in PCOS population during early pregnancy has not been reported. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of LMWH on pregnancy outcomes after invitro fertilization-frozen embryo transfer (IVF-FET) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Methods:
A total of 376 PCOS women aged between 20 and 38 years which prepared for IVF followed with FET will be enrolled in the study. The patients, from four different hospitals stratified by age and Body mass index (BMI), were randomly divided into the study group who will be treated with LMWH started on the day of progesterone transformation (hormone therapy) during FET cycle, and the control group without additional medicine. Serum or urine hCG test will be given 14 days after embryo transfer to confirm biochemical pregnancy. LMWH+ hormone therapy / hormone therapy will be continued for another 2 weeks if pregnancy positive, withdraw otherwise. Transvaginal ultrasonography will be performed 14 days later to confirm intrauterine pregnancy. The primary outcome is the ongoing pregnancy, which is defined as intrauterine live fetus with ultrasound after 12 weeks of gestation.
Discussion: This is the first study protocol to investigate the efficacy of LMWH as an adjuvant drug for IVF-FET outcomes in PCOS women, by comparing differences in ongoing pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate, and early pregnancy loss rate between LMWH group and the control group.
Trial registration: ChiCTR2000036527. Registered August 24, 2020. This trial protocol is version 2.0
Unravelling specific diet and gut microbial contributions to inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Martens Eric , Pereira Gabriel , Boudaud Marie , Wolter Mathis , Alexander Celeste , De Sciscio Alessandro , Grant Erica , Trindade Bruno Caetano , Pudlo Nicholas , Singh Shaleni , Campbell Austin , Shan Mengrou , Zhang Li , Willieme Stéphanie , Kim Kwi , Denike-Duval Trisha , Bleich André , Schmidt Thomas , Kennedy Lucy , Lyssiotis Costas , Chen Grace , Eaton Kathryn , Desai Mahesh
Published: March 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition characterized by periods of spontaneous intestinal inflammation and is increasing in industrialized populations. Combined with host genetic predisposition, diet and gut bacteria are thought to be prominent features contributing to IBD, but little is known about the precise mechanisms involved. Here, we show that low dietary fiber promotes bacterial erosion of protective colonic mucus, leading to lethal colitis in mice lacking the IBD-associated cytokine, interleukin-10. Diet-induced inflammation is driven by mucin-degrading bacteria-mediated Th1 immune responses and is preceded by expansion of natural killer T cells and reduced immunoglobulin A coating of some bacteria. Surprisingly, an exclusive enteral nutrition diet, also lacking dietary fiber, reduced disease by increasing bacterial production of isobutyrate, which was dependent on the presence of a specific bacterial species, Eubacterium rectale. Our results illuminate a mechanistic framework using gnotobiotic mice to unravel the complex web of diet, host and microbial factors that influence IBD.
Co-occurrence network of soil bacterial communities in agricultural fields in central Yunnan under different fertilization treatments
Authors: ZHANG Xiao-Hua , Wang Keqin , Yang Xin , Hu Chun , Song Yali
Published: March 2023

Aims
Soil microbial communities contribute to crops' growth, health, and productivity during agricultural production. However, how different fertilization practices affect the diversity, composition, and co-occurrence networks of soil bacterial communities during the different tobacco growth stages remains elusive.
Methods
Here, we report on the soil bacterial communities' alterations and their characteristics after fertilizer application at different tobacco growth stages and fallow periods. The experiments were performed in long-term continuous crop tobacco fields by applying different fertilizers (control (CK), cattle manure organic fertilizer (OM), cattle manure organic fertilizer chemical fertilizer mix (MNPK), chemical fertilizer (NPK), and crushed straw (ST)) at the time of tobacco planting. The soil bacterial communities were assessed using high-throughput sequencing technology and molecular ecological network methods.
Results
Soil bacterial diversity did not exhibit substantial alterations after fertilizer application during the growing period of roasted tobacco. The bacterial diversity was only increased in the fallow period, and the bacterial community composition was altered in the maturation and fallow periods. The bacterial community functions were mainly influenced by the roasted tobacco cultivation stage and did not exhibit substantial differences in response to fertilizer application. Bacterial interspecies relationships throughout the tobacco planting cycle were mainly cooperative. The co-occurrence networks were divided into four modules with the following network stability across the different growth periods: retardation period > maturation period > fallow period > fast growth period. The key taxa of the co-occurrence network were significantly decreased in abundance during tobacco cultivation's peak and maturity periods and gradually recovered after following. Fertilizer application significantly affected the bacterial co-occurrence network and thus influenced the bacterial community functions and enzyme activity, mainly by increasing soil nutrients (alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus).
Conclusion
The application of straw, chemical fertilizer, and cow manure organic fertilizer mixed with chemical fertilizer resulted in the improved growth of roasted tobacco. On the other hand application of organic matter fertilizer (straw and cow manure) as a base fertilizer could reverse the bacterial co-occurrence network changes after the fallow period and improve the overall health of the tobacco-planted soil.
Effects of esketamine on postoperative pain and inflammatory factors in children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
Authors: zhu yuchang , Wang Xujian , Yuan Meng , Tang Fuxue , Zhang Yi
Published: March 2023

Background This study aimed to observe the effect of esketamine on postoperative pain and inflammatory factors in children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.
Methods Eighty children scheduled for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy were randomly divided into two groups using a random number table: esketamine group (S-ketamine group, n = 40) and control group (control group, n = 40). Before anesthesia induction, the S-ketamine group received an intravenous injection of esketamine at 0.5 mg/kg, whereas the control group was given the same dose of sodium chloride injection. For the maintenance of anesthesia, the S-ketamine group was treated with propofol of 8–12 mg/kg/h, remifentanil of 0.1–0.4 µg/kg/min, and esketamine of 0.125 mg/kg/h, while the control group was treated with propofol of 8–12 mg/kg/h and remifentanil of 0.1–0.4 µg/kg/min. Both groups were treated with intravenous inhalation combined with general anesthesia. The operation time, recovery time, postanesthesia care unit (PACU) stay time, and adverse reactions within 48 h after operation were observed and recorded. The face, legs, activity, cry, and consolability (FLACC) pain scale score was evaluated at 15 min (T1), 1 h (T2), 6 h (T3), 12 h (T4), 24 h (T5), and 48 h (T6) after the operation. The emergence agitation score (pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium [PAED]) was evaluated in 15 min (T1) and 1 h (T2) after the operation. The plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations were measured at T0 and T3.
Results There were no significant differences in operation time, recovery time, and PACU stay time between the two groups (p > 0.05). At T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, the FLACC pain scores of the S-ketamine group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p < 0.05). The PAED scores at T1 and T2 in the S-ketamine group were significantly lower than those in the control group. Compared with T0, the plasma CRP and IL-6 concentrations at T3 in the two groups were significantly increased (p < 0.05), but the increase in the S-ketamine group was significantly smaller than that in the control group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions between the two groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusion Esketamine used in pediatric tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy can effectively reduce postoperative FLACC, PAED score, and levels of inflammatory factors without increasing adverse reactions.
Maize pollen diet enhances malaria mosquito longevity and infectivity to Plasmodium parasites in Ethiopia
Authors: Ayele Shilimat , Wegayehu Teklu , Eligo Nigatu , Tamiru Girum , Lindtjørn Bernt , Massebo Fekadu
Published: March 2023

Although larval diet quality may affect adult mosquito fitness, its impact on parasite development is scarce. The effects of ultraviolet-sterilized Zea mays, Typha latifolia and Prosopis juliflora plant pollen diets on larval development, pupation rate, adult survival, and parasite infectivity were investigated. Four treatment groups and two control groups were used for each pollen diet, and each experimental tray had 25 larvae. Control larvae fed on Tetramin fish food. Female An. arabiensis were starved overnight and exposed to infectious blood using a membrane-feeding technique. The Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test were used for analysis. The Z. mays pollen diet increased malaria mosquito survival and pupation rate (91.3%) and adult emergence (85%). Zea mays and Tetramin fish food had comparable adulthood development times. Adults who emerged from larvae fed Z. mays pollen had the longest average wing length (3.72mm) and were more permissive to P. vivax (45%) and P. falciparum (27.5%). They also survived longer after feeding on infectious blood and had the highest number of P. vivax oocysts. Z. mays pollen improved larval development, survival, and adult infectivity to Plasmodium. Our findings suggest that malaria transmission in Z. mays growing villages should be monitored.
Conventional specimen radiography in breast conserving therapy: A useful tool for intraoperative margin assessment after neoadjuvant chemotherapy?
Authors: Schaefgen Benedikt , Haller Annabelle , Sinn Hans-Peter , Feisst Manuel , Gomez Christina , Stieber Anne , Nees Juliane , Togawa Riku , Pfob André , Hennigs André , Hederer Johanna , Riedel Fabian , Fastner Sarah , Heil Jörg , Golatta Michael
Published: March 2023

Purpose
A previous study in our breast unit showed that the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative specimen radiography and its potential to reduce second surgeries in a cohort of patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were low, which questions the routine use of Conventional specimen radiography (CSR) in this patient group. This is a follow up study in a larger cohort to further evaluate these findings.
Methods
This retrospective study included 376 cases receiving breast conserving surgery (BCS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) of primary breast cancer. CSR was performed to assess potential margin infiltration and recommend an intraoperative re-excision of any radiologically positive margin. The histological workup of the specimen served as gold standard for the evaluation of the accuracy of CSR and the potential reduction of second surgeries by CSR-guided re-excisions.
Results
362 patients with 2172 margins were assessed. The prevalence of positive margins was 102/2172 (4.7%). CSR had a sensitivity of 37.3%, a specificity of 85.6%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 11,3% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 96.5%. The rate of secondary procedures was reduced from 75 to 37 with a number needed to treat (NNT) of CSR guided intraoperative re-excisions of 10.
In the subgroup of patients with cCR, the prevalence of positive margins was 38/1002 (3.8%), PPV was 6.5% and the NNT was 34.
Conclusion
This study confirms our previous finding that the rate of secondary surgeries cannot be significantly reduced by CSR-guided intraoperative re-excisions in cases with cCR after NACT. The routine use CSR after NACT is questionable and alternative tools of intraoperative margin assessment should be evaluated.
Predictive model for long-term weight recovery after gastrectomy for gastric cancer: an introduction to a web calculator
Authors: Jeon Chul Hyo , Park Ki Bum , Kim Sojung , Seo Ho Seok , Song Kyo Young , Lee Han Hong
Published: March 2023

Background
Weight changes after gastrectomy affect not only quality of life but also prognosis and survival. However, it remains challenging to predict the weight changes of individual patients. Using clinicopathological variables, we built a user-friendly tool to predict weight change after curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer.
Methods
The clinical data of 984 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy between 2009 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify variables predictive of postoperative weight change. A nomogram was developed and verified via bootstrap resampling.
Results
Age, sex, performance status, body mass index, extent of resection, pathological stage, and postoperative weight change significantly influenced postoperative weight recovery. Postoperative levels of hemoglobin, albumin, ferritin and total iron-binding capacity were significant covariates. The nomogram performed well (concordance index = 0.637); calibration curves indicated appropriate levels of agreement. We developed an online weight prediction calculator based on the nomogram (http://gc-weightchange.com/en/front/).
Conclusions
The novel, Web-calculator based on the predictive model allows surgeons to explore patient weight patterns quickly. The model identifies patients at high risk for weight loss after gastrectomy; such patients require multidisciplinary medical support.
Microbial adaptation to spaceflight is correlated with bacteriophage-encoded functions
Authors: Irby Iris , Broddrick Jared
Published: March 2023

Evidence from the International Space Station suggests microbial populations are rapidly adapting to the spacecraft environment; however, the mechanism of this adaptation is not understood. Bacteriophages are prolific mediators of bacterial adaptation on Earth. We surveyed 245 genomes sequenced from bacterial strains isolated on the International Space Station for dormant (lysogenic) bacteriophages. Our analysis indicated phage-associated genes are significantly different between spaceflight strains and their terrestrial counterparts. Additionally, we identified 283 complete prophages, those that could initiate bacterial lysis and infect additional hosts, of which 46% are novel. These prophage regions encode functions that are correlated with increased persistence in extreme environments, such as spaceflight, to include antimicrobial resistance and virulence, DNA damage repair, and dormancy. Our results correlate microbial adaptation in spaceflight to bacteriophage-encoded functions that may impact human health in spaceflight.
Sex Differences of the shared Genetic landscapes between Type 2 Diabetes and Peripheral Artery Disease in East Asians and Europeans
Authors: Lu Zhiya , Zhang Haoyang , Yang Yuanhao , Zhao Huiying
Published: March 2023

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a critical risk factor for peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, the sex differences in genetic basis, causality, and underlying mechanisms of the two diseases are still unclear. Using sex-stratified and ethnic-based GWAS summary, we explored the genetic correlation and causal relationship between T2D and PAD in both ethnicities and sexes by linkage disequilibrium score regression, LAVA and six Mendelian Randomization approaches. We observed stronger genetic correlations between T2D and PAD in females than males in East Asians and Europeans. East Asian females exhibit higher causal effects of T2D on PAD than males. The gene-level analysis found KCNJ11 and ANK1 genes associated with the cross-trait of T2D and PAD in both sexes. Our study provides genetic evidence for the sex difference of genetic correlations and causal relationships between PAD and T2D, indicating the importance of using sex-specific strategies for monitoring PAD in T2D patients.
Single-cell RNA sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid reveals the expansion of innate lymphoid cells with upregulated transposable elements in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mosaddeghi Pouria , Farahmandnejad Mitra , Zarshenas Mohammad M.
Published: March 2023

Background:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and often immune-mediated demyelinating disease with no absolute treatment. Transposable elements (TEs) are getting more attention as a possible culprit in neurodegenerative disease. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study to examine the possible association of TE expression and its potential role in MS pathogenesis at the single-cell level.
Result:
In this study, we reanalyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data of human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. Our result revealed that TEs are overexpressed in a cluster, annotated as innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Moreover, the enrichment analysis of the associated transcription factors (TFs) with highly upregulated TEs in ILCs revealed the relevance of the TFs with immune pathways and cis-regulatory regions in DNA.
Conclusions:
We propose that upregulated TEs in ILCs are in accordance with the plasticity of ILCs as TEs could insert themselves in coding or regulatory regions of immune-related genes, and represent themselves as immune-related TF binding sites. We also hypothesize that presenting the TE-derived antigens by ILCs with overexpressed TEs could re-activate T cell-mediated immunity in the CNS of MS patients. So this study could indicate a possible mechanism that is mediated by TEs in ILC plasticity and their possible role in MS pathogenicity. Also, we suggest that repurposing the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) or developing new high-efficacy NRTIs would be a feasible approach in MS treatment.
Influence of Self-efficacy on Pilots’ Capability to Handle Special Situations: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Qiu Rui , Gong Yue , Cao Yang , You Xuqun , Zhu Xia
Published: March 2023

Objective
This study aimed to explore the mediating and moderating effects of resilience and perseverance on pilots’ self-efficacy and capability of handling special situations.
Methods
Using cluster sampling, 251 pilots’ self-efficacy, special flight situation handling capability, resilience and perseverance were assessed using standardized scales.
Results
Pilots with high self-efficacy can improve their resilience to enhance their capability to handle special situations. An analysis was performed that included perseverance in the mediation model, and results showed that the influence of self-efficacy on special situation handling through resilience was moderated by perseverance.
Conclusion
The relations between self-efficacy and special flight situation handling capability present a moderated mediation model. A pilot’s capability of handling special situations, ensuring flight safety and combat capability may be enhanced by improving their self-efficacy, resilience, and perseverance.
Mental Health Conditions in the Postpartum Period: A Scoping Study
Authors: Ojomo Oluwaseun , Alesinloye-King Oluwapelumi , Erlandsson Kerstin , Ängeby Karin , Envall Niklas
Published: March 2023

Background
Many women experience mental health disorders during the postpartum period, which can develop into chronic or recurrent conditions and might have negative consequences on the quality of parent-infant interactions, long-term mental health of the mother, the family, as well as child development. We aimed to Summarize the current literature on mental health disorders during the postpartum period; from 2 to 52 weeks after childbirth.
Methods
In this scoping study electronic databases were systematically searched for primary studies published in English between January 2016 and December 2022, and we performed an additional quality appraisal. Descriptive statistics for quantitative data and inductive content analysis for qualitative data were used.
Results
The final body of literature consisted of 34 articles. Three key categories were identified and used to summarize the literature: mental health screening instruments, postpartum mental health conditions, and associated factors with postpartum mental health. Seventeen different screenings instruments were identified, whereof the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was the most used. The periods during which the participant’s mental health screening evaluation was conducted varied from four to 52 weeks postpartum, and both single and multiple mental health screenings were common. Six mental health conditions were covered, whereof postpartum depression and postpartum anxiety were the most common. Family and partner support were identified as critical factors associated with development of postpartum menatal health conditions, as well as a history of previous mental health- or medical disorders prior to peripartum. Furhermore, the COVID-19 pandemic had impact on social support, resulting in increased levels of anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as postpartum anxiety.
Conclusion
Offering a spectrum of support services and care should be made available to all relevant subgroups of mothers throughout pregnancy and up to one year after birth, especially for mothers with pre-existing mental health conditions. Future studies are needed on postpartum psychosis, the effect of long-term postpartum mental health conditions on the child’s well-being, and the fathers’ mental health requires further attention.
The effects of novel macrocyclic chelates on the targeting properties of the 68Ga-labeled Gastrin releasing peptide receptor antagonist RM2
Authors: Wang Yinwen , Yuan Hongmei , Tang Sufan , Liu Yang , Cai Ping , Liu Nan , Chen Yue , zhou Zhijun
Published: March 2023

The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPr) is a molecular target for the visualization of prostate cancer. Bombesin (BN) analogs are short peptides with a high affinity for GRPr. DOTA-4-amino-1-carboxymethyl-piperidine-D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 (RM2) is a bombesin-based antagonist. It has been demonstrated that RM2 have superior in vivo biodistribution and targeting properties than high-affinity receptor agonists. This study developed new RM2-like antagonists by introducing the novel bifunctional chelators AAZTA5 and DATA5m to RM2. The effects of different macrocyclic chelating groups on drug targeting properties and the possibility of preparing 68Ga-radiopharmaceuticals in a kit-based protocol were investigated using 68Ga-labeled entities. Both new RM2 variants were labelled with 68Ga3+ resulting in high yields, stability, and low molarity of the ligand. DATA5m-RM2 and AAZTA5-RM2 incorporated 68Ga3+ nearly quantitatively at room temperature within 3–5 min, and the labelling yield for 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 was approximately 10% under the same conditions. 68Ga-AAZTA5-RM2 showed stronger hydrophilicity according to partition coefficient. Although the maximal cellular uptake values of the three compounds were similar, 68Ga-AAZTA5-RM2 and 68Ga-DATA5m-RM2 peaked more rapidly. Biodistribution studies showed high and specific tumor uptake, with a maximum of 9.12 ± 0.81 percentage injected activity per gram of tissue (%ID/g) for 68Ga-DATA5m-RM2 and 7.82 ± 0.61%ID/g for 68Ga-AAZTA5-RM2 at 30 min after injection.
Conclusions. The conditions for complexation of DATA5m-RM2 and AAZTA5-RM2 with gallium-68 are milder, faster and require less amount of precursors than DOTA-RM2. Chelators had an evident influence on the pharmacokinetics and targeting properties of 68Ga-X-RM2 derivatives. Positively charged 68Ga-DATA5m-RM2 provided a high tumor uptake, high image contrast and good capability of targeting GRPr.
The General Linear Model and Minimal Research Compendiums: An Approach to Assure Statistical Validity in Digital Humanities Research
Authors: Siddiqui Nabeel
Published: March 2023

There has been little research on what specific statistical techniques humanities scholars should focus on in their training to assure reproducibility. This article addresses this gap by illuminating the importance of the general linear model (GLM) in statistical research. Drawing on best practices in the social sciences asking to make the GLM the cornerstone for statistical training, this article provides examples of how the GLM works and its assumptions. It then details how to create a “minimal research compendium” focused on a series of steps in R to assure reproducibility when using the GLM and how the GLM underlies more advanced statistical techniques. Overall, the goal of the article is to encourage humanities scholars to join scientists in developing a culture that supports best practices for reproducibility and statistical accuracy.
ncRNAs-mediated high expression of POSTN correlates with poor prognosis and tumor immune infiltration of colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Jianxin , Chen Wangsheng , Yang Qingqiang
Published: March 2023

Background
Screening hub genes to provide new basis for diagnosis and treatment of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).
Methods
Potential biomarkers for human CRC were identified and validated by bioinformatic analysis based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets, and the correlations between the biomarkers and tumor immune cell infiltration were analyzed by Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) project. Subsequently, upstream regulatory ncRNA of the potential biomarkers was identified to construct a novel competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in CRC, and functional annotation of the ceRNA network was performed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA).
Results
A total of 950 DEGs were screened, including 539 downregulated genes and 411 upregulated genes. GO analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly involved in cell adhesion, inflammatory response, signal transduction and protein binding. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in TNF signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Wnt-signaling pathway, Metabolic pathways, PPAR signaling pathway, and Pathways in cancer. The PPI network was constructed with 827 nodes and 4568 edges. 4 key modules and 10 hub genes were selected by Cytoscape software. The survival analysis revealed that high POSTN expression and low IL1B expression were related to worse survival in patients with CRC. In addition, the expression of IL1B and POSTN had significant correlation with multiple tumor immune cells and the expression of immune checkpoints. Finally, NR2F2-AS1/miR-425-5p and AC016747.1/miR-576-5p were identified as upstream regulatory ncRNAs that could potentially bind POSTN in human CRC.
Conclusion
NR2F2-AS1/miR-425-5p and AC016747.1/miR-576-5p may regulate the progression of CRC by targeting POSTN.