bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PAIRUI И HenLv: НОВЫЕ БРЕНДЫ НА РОССИЙСКОМ РЫНКЕ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЕЙ НАПРЯЖЕНИЯ
Authors: Ежов В.
Published: September 2023

В статье представлен обзор преобразователей напряжения и модулей питания, выпускаемых компаниями PAIRUI Group и HenLv Power Technology, их ключевые области применения.
ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫЕ МОДУЛИ РАСШИРЕНИЯ 50–75 ГГЦ И 75–110 ГГЦ ДЛЯ ВЕКТОРНЫХ АНАЛИЗАТОРОВ ЦЕПЕЙ
Authors: Муравьев В. , Зарезин А. , Титенко А. , Бобова В. , Синогин М. , Кукушкин И. , Заостровных С.
Published: September 2023

Разработаны и изготовлены модули расширения частотного диапазона 50-75 ГГц и 75-110 ГГц для векторных анализаторов цепей. Модули расширения совместимы как с отечественными векторными анализаторами цепей ПЛАНАР, так и с зарубежными от Rohde&Schwartz и Keysight.
ЧУДЕС НЕ БЫВАЕТ. НО МНОГИЕ ПРОДОЛЖАЮТ НА НИХ НАДЕЯТЬСЯ
Authors: Василенко А.С.
Published: September 2023

Компания «ЛионТех», специализирующаяся на поставках оборудования для
сборки печатных плат, производства микроэлектроники, а также для
тестирования и испытаний электронных изделий, с самого начала сделала ставку
на решения азиатских производителей, представив на российском рынке преимущественно продукцию из Республики Корея. Сейчас «ЛионТех» плотно работает с Китаем, внедряя на отечественных производствах оборудование из этой страны. Об уровне современного китайского оборудования, готовности Китая делиться с отечественными производителями своими технологиями, а также о том,
почему компания «ЛионТех» стремится поставлять на российский рынок готовые
технологические решения, мы поговорили с генеральным директором компании Алексеем Сергеевичем Василенко.
ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ЭМС В УСЛОВИЯХ МЕНЯЮЩИХСЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ И РЫНКА . XII ВСЕРОССИЙСКАЯ НАУЧНО-­ТЕХНИЧЕСКАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ «ЭМС»
Authors: Ковалевский Ю.
Published: September 2023

8–9 июня текущего года в Подмосковье состоялась очередная, XII Всероссийская научно-техническая конференция «ЭМС», организованная АО «ТЕСТПРИБОР»
в сотрудничестве с Группой компаний «Диполь», ГО «НПЦ НАН Беларуси по материаловедению» и при участии ФГУП «ВНИИФТРИ».
ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ИСПЫТАНИЙ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ СРЕДСТВ К НИЗКОЧАСТОТНЫМ КОНДУКТИВНЫМ ПОМЕХАМ, ПРОВОДИМЫХ ПО ОБОРОННЫМ И АВИАЦИОННЫМ СТАНДАРТАМ
Authors: Смирнов А.
Published: September 2023

В статье обсуждаются особенности проведения испытаний на устойчивость к кондуктивным помехам в диапазоне частот до 150 кГц для оборудования оборонно-­космической отрасли. Рассматриваются вопросы метрологического обеспечения данного вида испытаний.
ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫЕ ЭЛЕКТРОННЫЕ КОМПОНЕНТЫ И МОДУЛИ ДЛЯ РОБОТОТЕХНИКИ
Authors: Старовойтов Е. , Скиба Е.
Published: September 2023

Для интенсивного развития отечественной робототехники необходим переход на электронные компоненты и модули российской разработки, что позволит преодолеть зависимость промышленности от иностранных производителей комплектующих.
ПОВЫШЕНИЕ КАЧЕСТВА ПОДАВЛЕНИЯ ПОМЕХ В ЦЕПЯХ ПИТАНИЯ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ФИЛЬТРОВ Б36
Authors: Махин Д. , Сизиков А.
Published: September 2023

Описываются конструкция проходных трехконтактных фильтров и преимущества, которыми они обладают в сравнении с классическими многослойными керамическими чип-конденсаторами при подавлении помех по цепям питания. Приводятся характеристики фильтров серии Б36 производства ООО «Кулон».
ДВУХЗАЗОРНЫЙ КЛИСТРОННЫЙ ФОТОННО-­КРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКИЙ РЕЗОНАТОР С ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫМИ ПЛАНАРНЫМИ РЕЗОНАНСНЫМИ ЭЛЕМЕНТАМИ
Authors: Гнусарев А. , Мирошниченко А. , Царев В. , Акафьева Н.
Published: September 2023

Результаты исследования основных электродинамических параметров двухзазорного фотонно-­кристаллического резонатора найдут применение при разработке резонаторных систем для приборов клистронного типа, работающих в качестве усилителей и генераторов в радиолокации, телекоммуникации, средствах связи.
Expansión y crecimiento urbanos en México, 1975-2020
Authors: Montejano-Escamilla Jorge Alberto , Caudillo-Cos Camilo Alberto , Ávila-Jiménez Felipe Gerardo , Tapia-McClung Rodrigo , Barrera-Alarcón Itzia Gabriela
Published: September 2023

Objetivo: averiguar si en México el ritmo del crecimiento del suelo edificado y del suelo urbano edificado ha ido a la par del aumento de la población en general y de la población urbana en particular, y si en verdad las ciudades han crecido de manera dispersa. Metodología: se presenta una estimación del aumento de la población y de la expansión urbana en México —tanto del suelo no urbano edificado como del suelo urbano edificado— entre 1975 y 2020, utilizando sobre todo fuentes de percepción remota. Además, se calculan métricas de estructura espacial urbana para evaluar las tendencias de determinados principios de sustentabilidad. Resultados: se concluye que mientras que el suelo edificado total creció tres veces en cuarenta años, la población tan solo se duplicó. Valor: la presente investigación matiza resultados oficiales previos, lo cual podría tener consecuencias importantes en materia de política pública territorial. Limitaciones: la estimación de la expansión urbana mediante percepción remota tiene un margen de error dependiente de la resolución de la fuente de información. Conclusiones: se confirma que hay una tendencia generalizada a la expansión urbana dispersa.
El Derecho Económico, la Minería y la Economía Circular en México
Authors: Witker Jorge
Published: September 2023

El artículo aborda la minería desde una perspectiva ambiental y social, destacando su relevancia en el contexto de los tratados de libre comercio y la economía circular. Esta actividad, especialmente con la emergencia de minerales como el litio, se posiciona como esencial para impulsar políticas energéticas renovables y sostenibles. Tras una introducción y conclusiones, el estudio se estructura en torno a tres ejes: el Derecho Económico, la Economía Circular y la integración de la minería dentro de esta economía, culminando en una discusión sobre el Derecho Minero.
La posesión y las leyes de la naturaleza en la civilización romana clásica
Authors: Suarez Blazquez Guillermo
Published: September 2023

El artículo explora la posesión como una institución jurídica intrínsecamente ligada a las leyes naturales. Aun sin la intervención de los juristas en la creación del derecho civil, la posesión tendría su lugar en el ámbito de la equidad. El estudio se estructura en un análisis histórico de la posesión en la civilización romana, la distinción entre posesión civil y natural según Savigny, y cómo la posesión sirve como puente entre el dominio natural y civil. Se enfatiza que las leyes naturales y la equidad son fundamentales en la conceptualización de la posesión, conectando dos esferas jurídicas: la natural y la civil.
Un análisis del derecho a la buena administración
Authors: Moreno Molina José Antonio
Published: September 2023

El artículo aborda el derecho fundamental a una administración adecuada y su papel esencial en los Estados de bienestar. Se examina cómo se manifiesta este derecho en el Derecho de la Unión Europea, especialmente en la Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales. Además, se destaca su reconocimiento en la Carta Iberoamericana en relación con los derechos y responsabilidades de los ciudadanos frente a la Administración Pública.
Los riesgos profesionales en la sociedad digital: las particularidades del teletrabajo
Authors: Selma Penalva Alejandra
Published: September 2023

El artículo explora cómo las tecnologías emergentes, cuando se usan adecuadamente en el ámbito laboral, pueden disminuir accidentes relacionados con desplazamientos de trabajadores. Sin embargo, la era digital no está exenta de riesgos laborales. Se identifican nuevas patologías, tanto físicas como mentales, que afectan a los teletrabajadores. Se discuten las responsabilidades empresariales en cuanto a seguridad y salud en el teletrabajo, y se destaca la importancia de distinguir entre accidentes domésticos y laborales para aquellos que trabajan desde casa.
El pluralismo metodológico en el Derecho Internacional Privado de Familia argentino de fuente interna
Authors: Baltar Leandro
Published: September 2023

El artículo se adentra en el Derecho Internacional Privado y sus cuatro sectores distintivos, poniendo especial énfasis en cómo se determina el derecho aplicable en situaciones con elementos extranjeros significativos. El foco principal es el pluralismo metodológico y su incorporación en el Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación argentina, específicamente en lo que respecta a la regulación de las relaciones familiares con componentes internacionales.
La prueba de la intención y la motivación del odio en redes sociales a través de parámetros indiciarios
Authors: Bueno de Mata Federico
Published: September 2023

El artículo aborda el desafío que representa la incitación al odio en las redes sociales, destacando que su impacto va más allá de la víctima directa, promoviendo la intolerancia y discriminación en la sociedad. La intención detrás de estos mensajes puede variar, desde buscar notoriedad hasta lograr una amplia difusión en línea. El estudio se centra en el desafío procesal de determinar la intencionalidad y motivación del autor en el ámbito digital.
La participación ciudadana en los procedimientos parlamentarios de información y control, de impulso político y de nombramiento de servidores públicos
Authors: Serna de la Garza José Ma.
Published: September 2023

El artículo se adentra en la exploración de los mecanismos de participación ciudadana en procedimientos parlamentarios. Se inicia con un análisis del derecho a la participación en asuntos públicos desde una perspectiva constitucional e internacional. Luego, se abordan vías de participación en la función informativa y de control parlamentario, como las preguntas ciudadanas y el derecho de petición. Posteriormente, se discuten herramientas de participación en el impulso político de los parlamentos y en la designación de ciertos cargos públicos por parte de estos. El ensayo culmina con reflexiones sobre la importancia y alcance de la participación ciudadana en contextos parlamentarios.
Discurso día del Maestro
Authors: Núñez Carpizo Elssié
Published: September 2023

En su emotivo discurso del Día del Maestro, la Dra. Elssié Núñez Carpizo rememora su trayectoria académica y la influencia de destacados maestros en su formación. Resalta la importancia de la educación como herramienta transformadora y como derecho humano esencial. Núñez Carpizo enfatiza la misión de los maestros no solo en la transmisión de conocimientos, sino en la formación integral de individuos comprometidos con la justicia y el bienestar social.
Jiménez Moreno, Manuel de J. y Caballero Hernández, Rafael (coords.). Derecho y literatura. Persiana americana, México, Poder Judicial del Estado de México-Tirant lo Blanch, 2022.
Authors: M. Arellano Walter
Published: September 2023

La obra "Derecho y literatura. Persiana americana" se adentra en la intersección entre el arte y el derecho, proponiendo una visión narrativista-interpretativa del derecho que tiene aplicaciones tanto teóricas como prácticas. Este artículo busca ofrecer una visión general de la obra, destacando la contribución de sus autores y coordinadores, así como las instituciones que respaldan su publicación. La obra invita a los lectores a sumergirse en una discusión profunda sobre cómo la literatura puede enriquecer y dar forma a nuestra comprensión del derecho.
From Pixels to Predictions Handwritten Digit Recognition using Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: M Arun P , Sumana K R
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Handwritten digit recognition is a fundamental problem in the field of deep learning, with applications ranging from postal services to finance. In this work, we explore the implementation of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) to predict and classify handwritten digits using the MNIST (Modified National Institute of Standards and Technologies) dataset, a well-known collection of handwritten digits. Our primary goal is to determine which of these methods offers higher accuracy in digit recognition. We started by preparing the MNIST dataset. Using this dataset, we construct two separate models: a CNN-based model and an RNN-based model. Both models were trained extensively to learn the intricate patterns and structures within the handwritten digits. This project lets us see which model works better, helping us make smarter choices when we want to predict numbers in different situations
Awareness of Vocal Hygiene and Vocal Abuse among Autorickshaw Drivers in Kottayam
Authors: Jacob Ms. Jiya Annu , Shetty Dr. Rohila
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Voice is an important aspect of healthy and effective communication. There is a lack of awareness among people about voice problems associated with occupation. Vocal awareness addresses the significance of proper care of vocal folds suggesting certain modification in behaviour, lifestyle and diet. Vocal hygiene and practice are essential in developing good voice among individuals. The purpose of the study is to analyse the awareness of vocal hygiene and vocal abuse with related risk factors like continuous noise, smoking and air pollution among autorickshaw drivers in Kottayam. In this study participants included 50 male randomly selected autorickshaw drivers from different areas of Kottayam whose age ranged between 25-65 years. A questionnaire with 20 sets of questions was developed and distributed among the participants. The result showed that the awareness on vocal hygiene and vocal abuse is less (53.2%) among the autorickshaw drivers.
Testing identity of collections of quantum states: sample complexity analysis
Authors: Fanizza Marco , Salvia Raffaele , Giovannetti Vittorio
Published: September 2023

We study the problem of testing identity of a collection of unknown quantum states given sample access to this collection, each state appearing with some known probability. We show that for a collection of d-dimensional quantum states of cardinality N, the sample complexity is O(Nd/ϵ2), with a matching lower bound, up to a multiplicative constant. The test is obtained by estimating the mean squared Hilbert-Schmidt distance between the states, thanks to a suitable generalization of the estimator of the Hilbert-Schmidt distance between two unknown states by Bădescu, O'Donnell, and Wright \cite{Badescu2019}.
Sarežģītais mantojums: holokausta vietas Latvijā tūrisma un atmiņas kultūras mijiedarbībā
Authors: Bērziņš Didzis , Grinblate Elizabete , Krūmiņa-Koņkova Solveiga , Popova Diāna , Sīmansons Raivis , Strods Kaspars , Rozīte Maija , Runce Inese , van der Steina Aija
Published: September 2023

Ņemot vērā sarežģītos 20. gadsimta vēsturiskos notikumus Latvijā, vēl joprojām sabiedrībā holokausta tēma ir traģisks, jūtīgs un sāpīgs jautājums. Pieaugot starptautiskām tūristu plūsmām, ir novērojama tendence, ka holokausta vietas apmeklē un vēlas apmeklēt arvien vairāk tūristu, viņi interesējas par šīm vietām. Vietējo iedzīvotāju zināšanu trūkums un/vai nevēlēšanās runāt par šo tēmu, iztrūkstošā komunikācija no valsts un pašvaldību iestādēm, holokausta vietu neiekļaušana informācijas avotos un tūrisma piedāvājumā var radīt iespaidu, ka vietējiem šīs vietas nav nozīmīgas. Pētījuma mērķis ir atklāt mijiedarbību starp atmiņu politiku, holokausta vietām, kolektīvo piemiņas kultūru, tūrisma pieprasījumu un tūrisma produktu piedāvājuma sociālajiem, ētiskajiem un ilgtspējas aspektiem.
UV-C Technology to Support Air Quality For Safety Work and Security From Biological Agent Threats
Authors: Mugiharto Lilik , Sudiarso Aries , Simbolon Luhut , Suparlan Suparlan , Pasadena Wely
Published: September 2023

Abstract: The UV-C-based air disinfection device is the equipment used for air disinfection whose working principle uses UV-C radiation to inactivate microorganisms. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of UV-C devices for disinfection in the indoor air at the workspace and the safety of humans in the room from being exposed to UV-C radiation when the disinfectant is operating. The research used quantitative methods through laboratory experiments. The working principle of the UV-C device is to circulate air in the room through a chamber equipped with a UV-C radiation source from an electric lamp with a wavelength of 254 nm. Laboratory tests were carried out with the Total Plate Count (TPC) parameter to determine its effectiveness by measuring the number of conditions before and after treatment. The average effectiveness value at 30 minutes was 64.14% and at 60 minutes it was 86.26%, so the effect increased with time. In terms of the dangers of UV-C radiation, UV-C devices are safe to use with designs and engineering that can prevent or minimize UV-C radiation outside the device. The radiation in human skin is not beyond the specified allowed. The result of measuring UV-C radiation in the workspace was 0.000 μW/cm2. UV-C technology can be used as a defense tool against biological agents effectively and safely.Abstrak: Perangkat disinfeksi udara berbasis UV-C merupakan alat yang digunakan untuk disinfeksi udara yang prinsip kerjanya menggunakan radiasi sinar UV-C untuk menonaktifkan mikro organisme. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan efektifitas perangkat UV-C pada disinfeksi mikroorganisme di udara dalam ruang kerja dan menentukan keamanan terhadap manusia yang berada di dalam ruangan dari paparan radiasi sinar UV-C pada saat disinfektor beroperasi. Prinsip kerja perangkat UV-C adalah mensirkulasikan udara pada ruangan untuk melalui chamber yang telah dilengkapi dengan sumber radiasi UV-C yang berasal dari lampu elektrik dengan panjang gelombang 254 nm. Dilakukan uji laboratorium dengan parameter Total Plate Count (TPC) untuk mengetahui efektifitasnya dengan mengukur jumlah kondisi sebelum dan sesudah sehingga diperoleh nilai rata-rata efektifitas pada 30 menit adalah 64,14% dan 60 menit adalah 86,26% sehingga efektifitas naik dengan ditambahnya waktu. Perangkat UV-C dari segi bahaya radiasi UV-C aman digunakan dengan desain yang dapat mencegah/meminimalisir radiasi UV-C sehingga tidak sampai pada kulit manusia melebihi nilai ambang batas yang ditentukan. Hasil ukur radiasi UV-C di ruang kerja adalah 0,000 μW/cm2. Teknologi UV-C dapat digunakan sebagai alat pertahanan terhadap agensia biologi dengan efektif dan aman.
Spatial Distribution of Groundwater Salinity In The Coastal Area of Aceh Besar District
Authors: Kalbadri Muhammad , Ramli Ichwana , Faisal Muhammad
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Utilization of groundwater sources is still an alternative for people living in the coastal areas of Aceh Besar District. If the use of groundwater is carried out continuously, it will have a negative impact on the quality and quantity of groundwater. So the purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of groundwater salinity in the coastal areas of Aceh Besar District. The sample points were determined based on the random sampling method in grids. Sample testing for groundwater salinity was carried out directly in the field according to the planned location. The data obtained was inputted into Microsoft excel and mapping of groundwater salinity distribution using the Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) method with Argis software. A correlation test was performed with Pearson Product Moment.  Based on the measurement results, 20 sample points of high salinity were measured. The distribution of salinity values also has a relationship with coastal distance, where the distribution of salinity in general, the farther the groundwater is from the coast, the lower the salinity value, and the closer the groundwater to the coast, the higher the salinity.Abstrak: Pemanfaatan sumber air tanah masih menjadi alternatif bagi masyarakat yang tinggal di wilayah pesisir Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Jika pemanfaatan air tanah dilakukan secara terus-menerus akan berdampak negatif secara kualitas dan kuantitas air tanah. Sehingga tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sebaran salinitas  air tanah di wilayah pesisir Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Titik sampel ditentukan berdasarkan metode random sampling in grids. Pengujian sampel untuk salinitas air tanah dilakukan langsung di lapangan sesuai dengan lokasi yang telah direncanakan. Data yang diperoleh diinput ke dalam Microsoft excel dan pemetaan distribusi salinitas air tanah menggunakan metode Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) dengan perangkat lunak Argis. Uji korelasi dilakukan dengan Pearson Product Moment. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran, nilai salinitas yang tinggi terukur sebanyak 20 titik sampel. Nilai salinitas tinggi pada umumnya dipengaruhi oleh intrusi air asin terhadap air tawar. Faktor sebaran salinitas air tanah terjadi akibat intrusi, penggunaan lahan yang dekat dengan tambak dan muara sungai, faktor sebaran salinitas juga dipengaruhi oleh kepadatan penduduk. Sebaran nilai salinitas juga memiliki hubungan dengan jarak pantai, dimana sebaran salinitas secara umum, semakin jauh air tanah dengan jarak pantai maka nilai salinitasnya semakin rendah, dan semakin dekat air tanah dengan jarak pantai maka salinitasnya semakin tinggi.
Effluent Quality Test On The Communal WWTP in Banda Aceh City
Authors: Muslimin Ikhwanul , Machdar Izarul , Arahman Nasrul
Published: September 2023

Abstract:  One of the domestic wastewater management systems developed in Banda Aceh City is a settlement-scale centralized wastewater treatment plant, also known as the Communal WWTP system, with an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) and anaerobic filter (AF) configuration. This study aims to examine the quality of the effluent from the treatment of communal WWTPs in the city of Banda Aceh. Measurements of the contents of pH, BOD, COD, TSS, Ammonia, and Total Coliform were carried out on effluent samples from the communal WWTP and the results of the analysis were compared with the quality standards from the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 68 of 2016 concerning Domestic Wastewater Quality Standards. The research showed that the pH, COD, BOD, and Ammonia parameters had met the quality standards, while the TSS and Total Coliform parameters at the five (5) locations of the communal WWTP studied had not shown effective performance and had not met the quality standards. The choice of technology configuration and management of communal WWTP is a factor that influences the processing performance and quality of communal WWTP effluent in Banda Aceh City.Abstrak:  Salah satu sistem pengelolaan air limbah domestik yang dikembangkan di Kota Banda Aceh adalah SPALD-Terpusat skala permukiman, atau disebut juga dengan sistem IPAL Komunal, dengan konfigurasi anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) dan anaerobic filter (AF). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kualitas efluen hasil pengolahan IPAL komunal yang ada di kota Banda Aceh. Pengukuran kandungan pH, BOD, COD, TSS, Amonia serta Total Coliform dilakukan pada sampel efluen dari IPAL komunal dan hasil analisisnya dibandingkan dengan baku mutu Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan No. 68 Tahun 2016 tentang Baku Mutu Air Limbah Domestik. Penelitian menunjukkan parameter pH, COD, BOD dan Amonia telah memenuhi baku mutu sedangkan parameter TSS dan Total Coliform pada lima (5) lokasi IPAL komunal yang diteliti belum menunjukkan kinerja yang efektif dan belum memenuhi standar baku mutu. Pemilihan konfigurasi teknologi dan pengelolaan IPAL komunal menjadi faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja pengolahan dan kualitas efluen IPAL komunal di Kota Banda Aceh.
Effectiveness of Hydrochloric Acid Activated Bentonite in Local Salt Purification
Authors: Muslimah Muslimah , Wahyuningsih Puji , Yusnawati Yusnawati
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Various purification techniques have been developed to improve the quality of local salt, especially the NaCl content of more than 94%. One of the binding materials used in salt purification is bentonite. This study aims to synthesize modified bentonite using hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution and measure the metal content of NaCl, Pb, Ca, and Mg using AAS. The synthesis of activated bentonite was carried out using the hydrolysis method using 0.1 M HCl (1:10). Bentonite was separated from the filtrate and dried at 110°C for 2 hours. Bentonite, which had been activated with HCl, was dried again at 170°C for four hours. Analytical methods such as XRD, FTIR, and SEM were used to characterize HCl-activated bentonite. The results of the analysis showed that the acid activation process did not change the basal spacing d001 on the bentonite diffractogram. FTIR analysis showed that there was a shift in the -OH stretching vibration towards a lower wave number and a decrease in the absorption intensity. The activation process will reduce the pore size and increase the surface area and porosity of the bentonite. The results of the AAS analysis showed that the NaCl content in the salt increased after the purification process using acid-activated bentonite, followed by a decrease in the metal content of Mg. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that HCl-activated bentonite is effectively used in the salt purification process to improve salt quality.Abstrak:Berbagai teknik pemurnian telah dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas garam lokal, khususnya kandungan NaCl besar dari 94%. Salah satu zat pengikat yang digunakan dalam pemurnian garam adalah bentonit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis bentonit termodifikasi menggunakan larutan asam klorida (HCl), dan mengukur kadar logam NaCl, Pb, Ca, dan Mg menggunakan metode SSA. Sintesis bentonit teraktivasi dilakukan menggunakan metode hidrolisis menggunakan  0,1 M HCl (1:10).Bentonit dipisahkan dari filtrat dan dikeringkan pada suhu 110°C selama 2 jam. Bentonit yang telah diaktivasi dengan HCl dikeringkan kembali pada suhu 170°C selama empat jam. Metode analisis seperti XRD, FTIR, dan SEM digunakan untuk mengkarakterisasi bentonit teraktivasi HCl. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa proses aktivasi asam tidak mengubah basal spacing d001 pada difraktogram bentonit. Analisis FTIR menunjukkan terjadi pergeseran vibrasi ulur -OH ke arah bilangan gelombang yang lebih rendah dan penurunan intensitas serapan. Proses aktivasi akan memperkecil ukuran pori dan memperbesar luas permukaan serta porositas pada bentonit. Hasil analisis SSA menunjukkan bahwa kandungan NaCl pada garam mengalami peningkatan setelah proses pemurnian menggunakan bentonit teraktivasi asam yang diikuti dengan penurunan kadar logam Mg. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa bentonit teraktivasi HCl efektif digunakan dalam proses pemurnian garam untuk meningkatkan kualitas garam.
Evaluation of Raktadushti in Madatyaya Vyadhi: A Cross Sectional Observational Study
Authors: M. Pande Sumant , D Joshi Maheshwari , H Thakare Seema
Published: September 2023

All over the world, alcohol consumption is becoming a lifestyle. The fashion of alcohol ingestion leads to habits of chronicalcoholism. Alcoholism (Madyapaan) is a behavioral disorder characterized by repetitive and excessive consumption of alcohol (Madya). It isobserved that long-term consumption of alcohol damages the liver to a very large extent, leading to either Alcoholic liver disease or livercirrhosis. In Ayurveda, this condition can be correlated with 'Madatyaya.' Madya is described as the main etiological factor of various diseasesat multiple places in Ayurvedic classics, but madatyaya is a primary one. Ayurved explains the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment ofmadatyaya, but the specific srotodushti is not explained. When characteristics of madya and causative moolasthanavikruti (Hepatotoxicity) areconsidered, it is assumed that madya may cause raktadushti also. Hence this topic is an attempt to evaluate raktadushti in madatyaya vyadhi. Itis a cross-sectional observational study performed on 50 patients of Madatyaya. Patients were examined thoroughly, and all the details werenoted in a specially designed case record format. A comparative study of madatyaya and raktadushti was conducted; also assessment ofraktadushti was done based on symptoms of raktadushti observed in those patients. Collected data and the observations are then analyzed bystatistical tests such as the chi-square test and correlation regression. This study proves the positive correlation between madyatyaya andraktadushti. It may be the alcohol metabolized primarily in the liver, which is getting damaged by long-term consumption. Ayurveda explainsYakrita and pleeha as the moolasthana (roots) of Raktavaha srotas. This moolasthana dushti (damage to the root) causes damage to the wholesystem (Raktavaha srotas); hence madatyaya vyadhi can be labeled as a disease of Raktavaha srotas.
The U.S. Public Health Response to Mpox: Historical, Medical, Governmental, and Ethical Perspectives
Authors: DiSandro Daniel
Published: September 2023

The mpox pandemic of 2022 signaled the global reemergence of a virus that had for years been endemic in Africa. While now the global outbreak has been relatively contained, the early months of the U.S. response were characterized by stigma, deficient resources, and a lack of coordination as thousands of individuals suffered. This paper first analyzes the history and origin of the monkeypox virus to put the current outbreak in context and illustrate what has and has not been learned. The medical aspects of the virus itself will be presented along with transmission, prevention, and treatment details. Next, despite the criticisms drawn from the U.S. public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the response to the mpox outbreak will be highlighted, focusing on the missteps and analyzing the consequences of the ill preparedness. Then, in order to begin remedying many of the issues seen over the past year, this issue is analyzed from a Catholic Social Teaching perspective to establish an ethical basis for the U.S.’s future responsibilities to its citizens and the world. Lastly, recommendations will be made to prepare the country for the next pandemic using language, federal, sexual health, vaccination, and research perspectives.
The regulatory role of autophagy between TAMs and tumor cells
Authors: Hu Min , Fan Jiao-Xiu , He Zi-Yue , Zeng Jun
Published: September 2023

Cancer has become a global public health problem and its harmful effects
have received widespread attention. Conventional treatments such as
surgical resection, radiotherapy and other techniques are applicable to
clinical practice, but new drugs are constantly being developed and
other therapeutic approaches such as immunotherapy are being applied. In
addition to studying the effects on individual tumor cells, it is
important to explore the role of tumor microenvironment (TME) on tumor
cell development since tumor cells do not exist alone but in the tumor
microenvironment. In the TME, tumor cells are interconnected with other
stromal cells and influence each other, among which tumor-associated
macrophages (TAMs) are the most numerous immune cells. At the same time,
it was found that cancer cells have different levels of autophagy from
normal cells. In cancer therapy, the occurrence of autophagy plays an
important role in promoting tumor cell death or inhibiting tumor cell
death, and is closely related to the environment. Therefore, elucidating
the regulatory role of autophagy between TAMs and tumor cells is an
important breakthrough, providing new perspectives for further research
on anti-tumor immune mechanisms and understanding the efficacy of cancer
immunotherapy.
The effect of adipose tissue on transdermal monochromatic light presented to the human fetus using Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Isaac Zac , Heerikhuisen Jacob , Reid Vincent
Published: September 2023

The extent to which external transdermal light sources illuminate the
uterine environment is unknown. Recent experimental work indicates that
the human fetus responds to external visual stimuli such as laser
diodes, and initial modelling work suggests the fetus may not develop in
a completely dark environment as previously assumed. Development of the
human visual system begins within the womb, and there is motivation in
fields such as developmental psychology, transabdominal oximetry, and
photoacoustics to explore the extent to which light penetrates maternal
abdominal tissue. In this study, we develop and adapt a Monte Carlo
model that uses third trimester histological properties of maternal
tissue in simulating transdermal monochromatic point light sources. We
use the results of this modelling to determine approximate levels of
third trimester uterine illumination from such stimuli, discuss the
scope for multiple stimuli to be visibly distinct in utero, and suggest
improvements for future experimental work.
Application of two-grid interpolation to enhance average gradient method for solving partial differential equations
Authors: Pohjonen Aarne
Published: September 2023

Previously presented method of calculating local average gradients for
solving partial differential equations (PDEs) is enhanced by using
interpolating grid-points and triangular grids. The interpolating mesh
provides finer computational grid, which is then used for solving the
PDE. The combined use of the finer interpolating grid together with the
original sparser grid is a two-grid method. By comparing the previous
application of rectilinear grid for diffusion from initial point
concentration to the new triangular two grid method, it was found that
the application of triangular two-grid method improves stability of the
solution and it provides more rapid convergence to the correct
analytical solution.
Interannual Variation and Trend of Carbon Budget Observed Over a 28-year Period at Takayama in a Cool-Temperate Deciduous Forest in Central Japan
Authors: Murayama Shohei , Kondo Hiroaki , Ishidoya Shigeyuki , Maeda Takahisa , Saigusa Nobuko , Yamamoto Susumu , Kamezaki Kazuki , Muraoka Hiroyuki
Published: September 2023

Long-term carbon dioxide (CO) flux measurements between
the atmosphere and the ecosystem have been made since 1993 at a
cool-temperate deciduous forest site (Takayama) in Japan influenced by
Asian Monsoon, constituting the longest dataset among all the AsiaFlux
sites. Interannual variations (IAVs) and trends of the annual carbon
budget components and their environmental factors were examined. Annual
net ecosystem production (NEP) (mean ± 1σ) during the period of eddy
covariance measurement in 1999-2021 was 265 ± 86 gC
m yr, and its IAV was dependent
more on gross primary production (GPP) than on ecosystem respiration.
IAVs in annual NEP and GPP were correlated with the IAVs of the monthly
mean NEP, GPP and leaf area index (LAI) from June to September, as well
as with that of the length of the net carbon uptake period. Significant
increasing and decreasing trends in the annual NEP and GPP were detected
during 2004-2013 and 2013-2021, respectively; the increasing trends were
mainly caused by the vegetation recovery from typhoon disturbances while
the decreasing trends were partly influenced by recent extreme weather
events. Significant positive correlations of the IAVs between the start
and the end of the net carbon uptake period, and between the leaf
expansion and leaf fall were found. These may be attributed to
biological functions and interseasonal relationship of meteorological
parameters associated with ENSO events that can also influence IAVs in
annual NEP and GPP.
Increasing Fire Activity in African Tropical Forests is Associated with Land Use and Climate Change
Authors: Wimberly Michael Charles , Wanyama Dan , Doughty Russell , Peiro Helene , Crowell Sean
Published: September 2023

Fires were historically rare in tropical forests of West and Central
Africa, where dense vegetation, rapid decomposition, and high moisture
limit available fuels. However, increasing heat and drought combined
with forest degradation and fragmentation are making these areas more
susceptible to wildfire. We evaluated historical patterns of MODIS
active fires in African tropical forests from 2003-2021. Trends were
mostly positive, particularly in the northeastern and southern Congo
Basin, and were concentrated in areas with high deforestation.
Year-to-year variation of fires was synchronized with increasing
temperature and vapor pressure deficit. There was anomalously high fire
activity across the region during the 2015-2016 El Niño. These results
contrast sharply with the drier African woodlands and savannas, where
fires have been steadily decreasing. Further attention to fires in
African tropical forests is needed to understand their global impacts on
carbon storage and their local implications for biodiversity and human
livelihoods.
A laboratory model for iron snow in planetary cores
Authors: Huguet Ludovic , Bars Michael Le , Deguen Renaud
Published: September 2023

Solidification of the cores of small planets and moons is thought to
occur in the â\euro˜iron snowâ\euro™
regime, in which iron crystals form near the core-mantle boundary and
fall until re-melting at higher depth. The resulting buoyancy flux may
sustain convection and dynamo action. This regime is poorly known,
having never been observed in the field or laboratory. Here we present
the first laboratory experiments designed to model iron snow. We find
that solidification happens in a cyclic pattern, with intense
solidification bursts separated by crystal-free periods. This is
explained by the necessity of reaching a finite amount of supercooling
to re-initiate crystallization once the crystals formed earlier have
migrated away. When transposed to planetary cores, our results suggest
that crystallization and the associated buoyancy flux would be strongly
heterogeneous in time and space, which eventually impacts the time
variability and geometry of the magnetic field.
Characterizing the Atmospheric Mn Cycle and Its Impact on Terrestrial Biogeochemistry
Authors: Lu Louis , Li Longlei , Rathod Sagar Dilipbhai , Hess Peter George , Martinez Carmen Enid , Fernandez Nicole M , Goodale Christine , Thies Janice E. , Wong Michelle Y , Alaimo Maria Grazia , Artaxo Paulo , Barraza Francisco , Barreto África , Beddows David C.S. , Chellam Shankar , Chen Ying , Chuang Patrick Y. , Cohen David Damien , Dongarra Gaetano , Gaston Cassandra J. , Gomez Dario , Morera-Gomez Yasser , Hakola Hannele , Hand Jenny L , Harrison Roy M. , Hopke Philip K. , Hueglin Christoph , Kuang Yuan-wen , Kyllönen Katriina , Lambert Fabrice , Maenhaut Willy , Martin Randall V , Paytan Adina , Prospero Joseph M. , González Yenny , Rodriguez Sergio , Smichowski, Patricia , Varrica, Daniela , Walsh Brenna , Weagle Crystal , Xiao Yi-hua , Mahowald Natalie M
Published: September 2023

Manganese (Mn) is a key cofactor in enzymes responsible for lignin decay
(mainly Mn peroxidase), regulating the rate of litter degradation and
carbon (C) turnover in temperate and boreal forest biomes.While soil Mn
is mainly derived from bedrock, atmospheric Mn could also contribute to
soil Mn cycling, especially within the surficial horizon, with
implications for soil C cycling. However, quantification of the
atmospheric Mn cycle, which comprises emissions from natural (desert
dust, sea salts, volcanoes, primary biogenic particles, and wildfires)
and anthropogenic sources (e.g. industrialization and land-use change
due to agriculture) transport, and deposition into the terrestrial and
marine ecosystem, remains uncertain. Here, we use compiled emission
datasets for each identified source to model and quantify the
atmospheric Mn cycle with observational constraints. We estimated global
emissions of atmospheric Mn in aerosols (<10 µm in aerodynamic
diameter) to be 1500 Gg Mn yr-1. Approximately 32% of the emissions
come from anthropogenic sources. Deposition of the anthropogenic Mn
shortened soil Mn “pseudo” turnover times in surficial soils about 1-m
depth (ranging from 1,000 to over 10,000,000 years) by 1-2 orders of
magnitude in industrialized regions. Such anthropogenic Mn inputs
boosted the Mn-to-N ratio of the atmospheric deposition in non-desert
dominated regions (between 5×10-5 and 0.02) across industrialized areas,
but still lower than soil Mn-to-N ratio by 1-3 orders of magnitude.
Correlation analysis revealed a negative relationship between Mn
deposition and topsoil C density across temperate and (sub)tropical
forests, illuminating the role of Mn deposition in these ecosystems.
Regional and Teleconnected Impacts of Radiation-Topography Interaction over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Hao Dalei , Bisht Gautam , Gu Yu , Leung L. Ruby
Published: September 2023

Radiation-topography interaction plays an important role in the surface
energy balance over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, the impacts of
such interaction over the TP on climate locally and in the Asian regions
remain unclear. This study uses the Energy Exascale Earth System Model
(E3SM) to evaluate the regional and teleconnected impacts of
radiation-topography interaction over the TP. Land-atmosphere coupled
experiments show that topography regulates the surface energy balance,
snow processes, and surface climate over the TP across seasons.
Accounting for radiation-topography interaction overall improves E3SM’s
performance in simulating surface climate. The winter cold bias in air
temperature decreases from -4.48 K to -3.70 K, and the wet bias in
summer precipitation is mitigated in southern TP. The TP’s
radiation-topography interaction further reduces the South and East
Asian summer precipitation biases. Our results demonstrate the
topographic roles in regional climate over the TP and highlight its
teleconnected climate impacts.
Not Enough: Efforts to Diversify Biogeosciences Benefit Limited Segment of Society
Authors: Barnes Rebecca , Wolford Michelle A , Almaraz Maya , Cardarelli Emily L
Published: September 2023

We examined data from the American Geophysical Union (AGU), the world’s
largest earth and space science society, to characterize cohort
demographics of multiple milestones in a biogeoscientists’ career.
Geoscientists of color and White women make up a smaller proportion of
those participating in activities critical to transitioning from student
to professional (submitting manuscripts, getting published, and being
asked to review) in comparison to White men. However, gender parity for
biogeoscientists appears within reach at earlier career stages, with
37% AGU Biogeosciences members and 41% of Biogeosciences attendees at
the Fall Meeting identifying as women in 2020. Unfortunately, data is
lacking to make the same assessment for geoscientists of color. A large
proportion of manuscripts are submitted by men (73%), many of which
have no co-authors that identify as women or non-binary geoscientists,
which likely points to inequitable resources and a greater service
burden for scientists from historically excluded groups. Further, our
communities’ bias of who we suggest as reviewers results in 85% of the
reviewer invites going to White geoscientists and 63% going to men.
Thus, while representation of diverse communities has improved in some
areas, barriers to publishing results in journals not reflecting
society: 25% and 22% of manuscripts were led by or included non-White
geoscientists, respectively, and fewer than 5% and 7% were led by or
included non-White, women geoscientists, respectively. Therefore, in
sectors like academia where publishing remains critical for advancement,
this process represents a significant obstacle for biogeoscientists not
already part of the majority.
Coupled hydrodynamic and habitat suitability models jointly reveal suitable area for stock enhancement and release of marine organism larvae in Liaodong Bay
Authors: Hu Xiaowei , Hou Wenhao , Sheng Zhaojun , Xi Yanbin , Yu Jiaxuan , Zhang Ruijin
Published: September 2023

Stock enhancement can effectively increase population sustainablility
and improve fishery resources, making it crucial to discern the suitable
habitats for stock enhancement based on efficiency considerations. In
this paper, a comprehensive model was established to simulate
environmental characteristics in the Liaodong Bay. A habitat suitability
model was developed by considering the optimal growth conditions of the
Portunus trituberculatus larvae (PTL). The coupled model showed that the
optimal area for stock-enhancement with PTL occurs in late June, and the
initial suitable habitat area identified represents 17.12% of the whole
Liaodong Bay. Based on the larval migration model of PTL, the deviation
between the larvae and the suitable habitat, as well as the actual
available area for stock enhancement, were further determined after
larval release in the initial suitable habitat. Only 33.67% of the
larvae fulfilled the criteria of remaining within the suitable habitat
for 95% of the time, and these larvae represented 6.19% of the whole
area of Liaodong Bay. These findings means that the truly area available
for stock enhancement is likely to be a very small portion of the entire
bay, and more precise release of larvae will be necessary to ensure
survival rates after release. Our study actually provides a
methodological framework for the identification of suitable environment
of stock enhancement. This methodology can provide technical guidance
for the stock enhancement of marine larvae with same applicability for
other bays, which in turn contributes to the sustainable use of marine
ecosystem services and fisheries resources.
Differentiating Between Simultaneous Loss Drivers in Earth’s Outer Radiation Belt: Multi Dimensional Phase Space Density Analysis
Authors: Staples Frances A , Ma Qianli , Kellerman Adam C , Rae I. Jonathan , Forsyth Colin , Sandhu Jasmine Kaur , Bortnik Jacob
Published: September 2023

We analyzed the contribution of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC)
wave driven electron loss to a flux dropout event in September 2017. The
evolution of electron phase space density (PSD) through the dropout
showed the formation of a radially peaked PSD profile as electrons were
lost at high L*, resembling distributions created by magnetopause
shadowing. By comparing 2D Fokker Planck simulations of pitch angle
diffusion to the observed change in PSD, we found that the μ and K of
electron loss aligned with maximum scattering rates at dropout onset. We
conclude that, during this dropout event, EMIC waves produced
substantial electron loss. Because pitch angle diffusion occurred on
closed drift paths near the last closed drift shell, no radial PSD
minimum was observed. Therefore, the radial PSD gradients resembled
solely magnetopause shadowing loss, even though the local pitch angle
scattering produced electron losses of several orders of magnitude of
the PSD.
Recent multi-decadal Southern Ocean surface cooling unlikely caused by Southern Annular Mode trends
Authors: Dong Yue , Polvani Lorenzo M , Bonan David
Published: September 2023

Over recent decades, the Southern Ocean (SO) has experienced
multi-decadal surface cooling despite global warming. Earlier studies
have proposed that recent SO cooling has been caused by the
strengthening of surface westerlies associated with a positive trend of
the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) forced by ozone depletion. Here we
revisit this hypothesis by examining the relationships between the SAM,
zonal winds and SO sea-surface temperature (SST). Using a low-frequency
component analysis, we show that while positive SAM anomalies can induce
SST cooling as previously found, this seasonal-to-interannual modulation
makes only a small contribution to the observed long-term SO cooling.
Global climate models well capture the observed interannual SAM-SST
relationship, and yet generally fail to simulate the observed
multi-decadal SO cooling. The forced SAM trend in recent decades is thus
unlikely the main cause of the observed SO cooling, pointing to a
limited role of the Antarctic ozone hole.