bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The quantum luminiferous aether
Authors: Larson D. J.
Published: March 2024

A solid, two-component, quantum luminiferous aether is proposed to exist. Simple postulates are hypothesized, along with some physical laws and assignments. Derivations then lead to the equations of electrodynamics (Maxwell’s equations and the Lorentz force equation), Newton’s
law of universal gravitation, and to two field-masses. The theory is shown to successfully meet the classic tests of general relativity: calculations for the advance of the perihelia, the Shapiro effect, and the gravitational redshift agree with experiment, and the experimental result concerning
the bending of light in gravitational fields is also understood. Additionally, gravitational waves are understood, and the first of the field-masses allows for an understanding of what is presently known as dark matter. A new approach to analyzing dense objects such as white dwarfs and neutron
stars is discussed, and since the theory has no singularity, a replacement for black holes is suggested. Replacing relativity with an absolute, realist, and physical model returns us to a flat Euclidean space and a separate time. Absolute simultaneity enables understanding of quantum mechanics.
The underlying philosophical grounding is discussed.
Computational Validation and Assessment of Large Amplitude Transverse Gust Physics
Authors: Bonnet Carlota , Grubb Kolpitcke Amanda , Smith Marilyn J.
Published: March 2024

Rotary-wing vehicles, in particular smaller, lighter unmanned and urban air vehicles in urban and shipboard settings, will operate in low-speed flight conditions that are dominated by strong transient aerodynamics. Understanding the physics of these transient aerodynamics, specifically
large amplitude transverse gusts and the resulting vehicle response, is crucial to the successful development and certification of safe air vehicles that operate in these environments. A high-fidelity computational study, including validation with experiments, explores sharp-edged or step
transverse gusts where the gust velocity induces nonlinear behavior caused by flow separation. The behavior of the maximum lift and leading edge vortex behavior with the gust ratio is presented. Gust responses are observed to depart from Küssner’s theory when the leading edge vortex
first forms as a distinct feature and breaks away from the wing, resulting in flow nonlinearities. Traditional linear indicial admittance techniques are shown to no longer be valid to predict gust responses when the gust velocity approaches the vehicle flight speed.
Study of Profile of Young Diabetics with Special Reference to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Babu M. Suresh , Yavasani Neil Krishna Reddy
Published: March 2024

Background:

Data about the frequency of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among young subjects below 25 years of age are sparse in the Indian subcontinent.

Aims and Objectives:

The objective of this study was to study the frequency and clinical profile of T2DM among young diabetics.

Materials and Methods:

The study was a prospective observational study conducted in the Department of General Medicine and Pediatrics in JSS Hospital, Mysuru, Karnataka, India. The subjects with age of onset of diabetes mellitus below 25 years were included in the study. They were categorized according to the C-peptide values as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and T2DM. The statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 25) computer program.

Results:

Of the 250 patients included in the study, 208 (83.2%) subjects had T1DM, 38 (15.2%) T2DM, and 4 (1.6%) maturity-onset diabetes of the young. The mean age of onset of T1DM was 13.7 ± 6.201 years and T2DM was 23.28 ± 3.68 years. Body mass index and waist circumference of young T2DM patients were more compared to T1DM, which were statistically significant (P < 0.0001), and family history showed strong positivity in patients with young T2DM compared to T1DM. Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride, and total cholesterol were more in young T2DM patients compared to T1DM, which were statistically significant with P = 0.003, P = 0.0015, and P = 0.03, respectively.

Conclusion:

T2DM is now commonly occurring in young adults and children, probably due to a growing epidemic of childhood obesity and lifestyle. Obesity and dyslipidemia were more in T2DM compared to T1DM among young diabetics.
Anthropometric investigation of cephalic parameters for stature estimation: Through regression analysis
Authors: Kedia Neal B. , Yadav Sumit K. , Yadav Achla B. , Mishra Deepika , Shahi Prinka , Bansal Nandini
Published: March 2024

Background:

Stature or body height is one of the most important and useful anthropometric parameters which determines the physical identity of an individual. Cranium encompasses hard tissue components with approximately immortal behavior, reason being cranial measurements were selected for the present study for estimation of stature.

Objective:

This investigation aimed to assess the stature of unknown using cephalometric parameters by creating equations through regression analysis.

Materials and Methods:

We selected 361 dental students for the present research; among them, 210 were females and 151 were males in the age range of 21–32 years. Stature and cephalic parameters, i.e., fronto-occipital circumference, head length, and head breadth were measured for each contributor following standard methods and techniques. Cephalic Index was calculated by using the formula: Cephalic Index (CI) = (Head width/Head length) ×100. Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient of stature with cephalic parameters was calculated, and regression analysis was done to generate the formulae for stature estimation.

Results:

Results indicated that all cephalic measurements have strong correlation with stature, and among them, circumference of head was found to be the most reliable predictor.

Conclusion:

Stature of unknown or deceased can be identified using cephalic parameters as an auxiliary practice.
Does lifestyle modification (physical exercise and listening to music) improve symptoms in patients with a temporomandibular disorder? A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Tabrizi Reza , Shourmaej Yasaman , Pourdanesh Fereydoun , Shafiei Shervin , Moslemi Hamidreza
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

The aim of the study was to compare pain relief in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients with or without lifestyle modification.

Materials and Methods:

This randomized clinical trial was performed on patients with TMD, who did not regularly exercise or listen to music. The participants were allocated into two groups. In the treatment group, the participants were instructed to exercise five times or more per week (30 minutes per session) and listen to the music of their choice five times or more per week (15 minutes per session) for 12 weeks. In the control group, the participants had their usual lifestyle without any modifications. The participants were examined for clicking and crepitus in the joint and maximum mouth opening before and after the intervention. The pain severity was also documented based on a visual analog scale.

Results:

Thirty five patients were studied in each group. Twelve weeks after the intervention, the mean pain severity was 2.70 ± 0.73 in the treatment group and 4.63 ± 0.77 in the control group. The results of data analysis demonstrated a significant difference between the two groups regarding the mean pain severity at 12 weeks after the intervention (P <.001).

Conclusions:

Lifestyle modification through physical exercise and listening to music may reduce pain in TMD patients.
A case report of chronic intermedullary inflammation of bone in a child
Authors: Nitya K , Maruthamuthu Karthikeyan , Ramadoss Ramya , Amberkar Vikram S.
Published: March 2024

Osteolytic lesions refer to the destruction of any part of bone due to a disease process (pertaining to dissolution of bone, especially loss of calcium). Osteomyelitis is the inflammation of the bone caused by an infecting organism. Although bone is normally resilient to bacterial colonization, events such as trauma, surgery, infections, the presence of foreign bodies, and anemia may disrupt bony integrity and lead to the onset of bone infections. Sometimes, osteomyelitis causes no signs and symptoms or the signs and symptoms are hard to distinguish from other problems. This may be true for children, older adults, and people whose immune systems are compromised. Here, we report a case of chronic intermedullary inflammation of bone in a child.
Simultaneous Removal of Toxic Ammonia (NH3/NH4 +) from Aqueous Solutions Using New Geomaterial Adsorbent: Application to Aquaculture Effluents
Authors: Belhouchet Nassima , Hamdi Boualem , Bouras Omar
Published: March 2024

This study evaluates the performance of a new geomaterial (GEOM) based on sodium montmorillonite clay (Na-Mt), local activated carbon (CAC) and fine powder local cement (Chlef plant western Algeria) to remove ammonia from fish farming in a recirculating aquaculture system. The aqueous ammonium (NH4 +/NH3) adsorption efficiency of GEOM was compared with its two principals` constituents (Na-Mt and CAC) and another commercial activated carbon (CAG). The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to assess the chemical and physicochemical properties of studied adsorbents. The maximum adsorption capacity of NH4 + on GEOM of about 15.57 mg. g-1 seems to be similar to that of Na-Mt 16.82 mg. g-1. The study of solution pH showed that the best NH4 +/NH3 removal efficiency was at pH=6 for both GEOM and Na-Mt. The efficiency of GEOM for ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4 +/NH3) removal was 79.3% in ultrapure water, 94.05% in seawater and 97.5% in real aquaculture wastewater. Thus, the proposed material, GEOM, can be used as a filter material in a bio-filtration process to treat aquaculture wastewater in a real-world context.
Exploring the Role of Insects as Sustainable Feed in Aquaculture Nutrition and Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity, Growth and Immune Response
Authors: Bingqian Ning , Shah Assar Ali , Ullah Shakeeb , Khan Rifat Ullah , Khan Muhammad Shuaib , Zaman Ali , Muhammad Khalid
Published: March 2024

As the global demand for aquaculture products continues to rise, sustainable and efficient feed sources are crucial for the industry's growth. Insects have emerged as a promising alternative due to their high nutritional content, low environmental impact, and potential to alleviate overreliance on conventional feed ingredients. This abstract delves into the role of insects as sustainable feed in aquaculture, elucidating their benefits and challenges. Insects offer a rich source of fats, minerals, proteins, and vitamins that meet the dietary requirements of various aquatic species. Their rapid growth rates and ability to thrive on organic waste contribute to their eco-friendly nature, reducing the environmental burden associated with aqua-feed production. Notably, insects can be reared on various organic substrates, minimizing competition for arable land and reducing the demands on wild fish hoards utilized for fishmeal construction. However, integrating insects into aqua-feed presents certain hurdles. Standardized production methods, quality control, and regulatory frameworks need to be established to ensure consistent and safe insect-derived feed. Additionally, understanding the potential impacts of insect-based diets on fish health, growth, and product quality is vital. It is conclusion that the insects hold immense potential as a sustainable feed source for aquaculture, addressing nutritional demands while minimizing environmental impacts and addressing the challenges through collaborative researcher research, and eco-friendly aquaculture sector.
Determination of Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of E. coli O157:H7 in some Marine and Freshwater Fish from Samsun, Türkiye
Authors: Bölükbaş Ayşegül , Gücükoğlu Ali , Uyanık Tolga , Küllük Eren , Çadırcı Özgür
Published: March 2024

In this study, Escherichia coli O157:H7 contamination was investigated in Engraulis encrasicolus, Merlangius euxmus, Trachurus mediterraneus, Mullus barbutus, Tinca tinca, Cyprinus carpio and Oncorchynhus mykiss (total of 300 samples). The presence of certain virulence genes such as shiga toxin 1 (stx1), shiga toxin 2 (stx2), intimin (eaeA), and hemolysin (hlyA) was determined. The E-test method was employed to determine the antibiotic resistance profile and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the isolates. Out of a total 141 freshwater fish samples, E. coli O157:H7 was detected in 5 of them (3.5%). In 159 marine fish, 2 of them (1.25%) were E. coli O157 positive. In terms of virulence characteristics, the E. coli O157:H7 isolate obtained from the Oncorhynchus mykiss sample had the stx1, eaeA, and hlyA genes. Both eaeA and hlyA genes were determined as positive in the E. coli O157 isolate identified from the Merlangius euxmus sample. Resistance to tetracycline, cefotaxime, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, ertapenem and cefoxitin was demonstrated in both samples. In this study, the presence of E. coli O157 in fish, detection of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance profile indicate the potential risk of infection from contaminated seafood.
Policy reforms and unresolved educational challenges in Ethiopia: Implications for the University of Education
Authors: Tena Berhanemeskel , Motuma Fisseha
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine the education reform initiatives and ongoing educational challenges in Ethiopia, with a focus on the role of the country's university of education in addressing these challenges. Using a qualitative research approach, the study examined reform documents, research findings, and personal experiences as its primary sources of data. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 senior university instructors who were selected purposively. The results of the study revealed that Ethiopia's education system has undergone multiple reform initiatives, resulting in some visible improvements. Despite this, the study highlighted numerous challenges that persist in the country’s education system. In light of this, the study emphasized the importance of evidence-based and innovative measures focusing on the quality, relevance, and efficiency agendas of education, mainly through the recently established university of education.
A history of technical education in Ethiopia: The case of the Polytechnic Institute, 1963-2000
Authors: Ayele Fantahun
Published: March 2024

This research aims at exploring and analyzing the history of the Polytechnic Institute from its establishment in 1963 to its transformation as the Faculty of Engineering in 2000. The study is mainly based on the consultation of priceless archival documents kept in the record office of the former Polytechnic Institute (now Bahir Dar Institute of Technology). In addition, attempts have been made to substantiate archival sources by gathering oral evidence from pertinent people including the first graduates of the Polytechnic Institute. The information gathered from archival documents (letters, reports, graduation bulletins, newspapers, etc.) and interviews has been carefully examined, cross-checked, interpreted, and analyzed to reconstruct the history of the institute. The findings of the study show that the Polytechnic Institute was the result of the Cold War rivalry between the two superpowers, the United States and the former Soviet Union. When the U.S. government turned down his request for increased military assistance, Emperor Haile Selassie paid an official visit to Moscow in 1959. Among other things, the Soviet government offered financial assistance that led to the establishment of the Bahir Dar Polytechnic Institute in 1963. The Soviet government also supported the institute by assigning technical advisers and instructors, whose number grew substantially after the 1974 revolution. The ideological solidarity between the two countries brought more scholarship opportunities to the students and instructors of the Institute. In 2000, the union of the Polytechnic Institute and Bahir Dar Teachers College gave rise to the birth of Bahir University. In the last sixty years, the Institute has produced world-class technologists.
Assessment of primary and middle schools’ learning of post-1994 instructional reforms: The organizational learning perspective
Authors: Tadesse Animaw , Kenea Ambissa
Published: March 2024

Using Organizational Learning (OL) as a theoretical lens, this study examined the perceived level of OL in primary and middle schools in the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. To this end, a descriptive survey design involving 785 teachers selected from 48 primary schools was used. Data was collected using standard questionnaires and analyzed using various statistical tools. The results showed that target schools had a mean that is slightly above average in learning the instructional reforms, but the magnitude varies with school level, and level of implementation of continuous professional development. Regarding learning agency, team learning and school-level learning were found higher than learning at personal agency. However, most teacher and school-level variables did not result in significant variation in school as LO probably due to the deep-rooted tradition of top-down reforms. From the results, it is understood that OL in primary schools, especially in Level III schools, is taking root through collective agency, but some fundamental constructs and features of LO were overlooked. This calls for the need to align the schools’ standardization guidelines to the constructs and features of LO. Moreover, it sounds well to revisit the long-held top-down tradition of introducing reforms.
The role of ecogenomics in environmental and forensic discoveries
Authors: Nwagu Kingsley Ekene , Ibeh Adaugo Gift , Enwere Evelyn Nwakaego , Udechukwu Chidozie Dennis , Azumini Peter
Published: March 2024

Ecogenomics is the application of genetic information and environmental science to understand the genetic diversity and functional potential of microbial communities in various environments. It involves the analysis of DNA and RNA sequences to gain insights into the structure, function, and dynamics of ecosystems. In the context of the environment, ecogenomics plays a crucial role in understanding the impact of human activities on natural ecosystems. By studying the genetic composition of microbial communities, researchers can assess the health and resilience of ecosystems, identify key species involved in nutrient cycling and energy flow, and monitor the effects of pollution and climate change. Ecogenomics also has significant applications in forensic research. By analyzing the microbial DNA present at crime scenes, forensic scientists can gain valuable information about the individuals involved. Microbes are ubiquitous and can be transferred from person to person, leaving behind a unique microbial signature that can be used for identification purposes. This approach, known as microbial forensics, can complement traditional forensic techniques and provide additional evidence in criminal investigations. By harnessing the power of genomics, researchers can uncover hidden microbial diversity, track ecosystem changes, and provide valuable insights into criminal investigations.
Application of genomic studies in epidemiological surveillance: A mini-overview
Authors: Anekpo Chijioke Chinedu , Okpara Titus Chukwubuzo , Nnadi Chinedu Gabriel
Published: March 2024

The 21st century has already seen the emergence of several pandemics both in developed and developing nations, including the recent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. The recent upsurge in certain diseases clearly indicates the need for continuous epidemiological surveillance and real-time monitoring of infectious diseases. Interestingly, genomics has found extensive application in monitoring infectious diseases through the sequencing of bacteria, parasites, and virus genomes. The continual scrutiny of pathogens and the examination of their genetic similarities and distinctions constitute genomic surveillance. The potential of genomic sequencing lies in its ability to offer a significantly more detailed depiction of the evolution and transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), thus initiating a transformative impact on how public health surveillance networks address bacterial AMR. The utilization of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) stands as a prevalent technique for identifying and tracking pathogens, establishing transmission routes, and managing outbreaks. However, despite several decades of advancements, the seamless integration of genomics into surveillance pipelines faces substantial barriers that necessitate overcoming. Recent advances in genomics and next-generation sequencing approaches provide new paradigms for monitoring transmission pipelines and reducing overall morbidity and mortality. In this mini-review, we highlight the advances in genomics, how they have been critical in epidemiological surveillance and monitoring outbreaks, and how they can help predict and monitor possible future outbreaks.
Assessment of community knowledge, attitude, and practice towards rabies and its determinants in Kersa District, East Hararghe Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Adem Fami , Bitew Abebe Belete , Adugna Takele , Abey Solomon Lulie
Published: March 2024

Despite the prevention and control efforts against rabies, it remains a health problem for humans and animals in Ethiopia. A cross- sectional study design was employed from February to July 2022 to assess community knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards rabies  and associated factors in the Keresa district of Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect data from 384  households, and logistic regression was employed in the data analysis. Fifty-three percent (95% CI= 47.9-58.1%), 62% (95% CI= 57.3- 66.9%), and 50% (95% CI= 45.1-54.9%) had adequate knowledge, a desirable attitude and good preventative practices towards rabies,  respectively. 92.7% (95% CI= 90.1-95.3%) of participants had heard of rabies before, and 52.9% (95% CI= 47.9-58.1) of their primary source  of information was the community. Nearly all respondents, 95% (95%CI= 93.8-97.7%), admitted to eating rabid animal flesh, and 56.3%  (95%CI= 51-61.5%) believed that eating rabid animal meat may transmit the disease. One-fourth, 25.5% (95%CI=21.1-29.9%) of study  participants believed that rabies is related to spirits, and 27.9% (95%CI= 23.4-32.6) claimed that holy water might treat rabies. Sex, level of  education, occupation, and training status affect the knowledge of study participants. Age, family size, occupation type, and source of  information were all linked to preventive practice, but sex and age were the only variables associated with attitude. Respondents having  good knowledge and desirable attitudes had better preventive practices against rabies. Therefore, further awareness and disease-related  training are needed for the district population and beyond to improve their knowledge of rabies prevention and control.
Revenue Generation Models Of Financing In The Administration Of Tertiary Institutions In Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: B Onabe D , Effiom Eyo Ekpo , A Akuh E , Glory Emmanuel Edoho
Published: March 2024

Tertiary institutions play a critical role in the economic and social development of a country, as they produce a skilled workforce that can contribute to the growth and development of various sectors of the economy for human capacity building. Tertiary institutions in Cross River State, Nigeria are faced with various challenges, including inadequate funding and insufficient resources to support their academic activities. This study explored revenue generation models of financing in the administration of tertiary institutions in Cross River State, Nigeria.  Descriptive survey research design was adopted in the study. A sample of 720 respondents made up of all the account and financial officers in tertiary institutions in the study area, was drawn through census approach to participate in the study. A 20-item instrument titled: Revenue Generation Models of Financing Tertiary Institutions Questionnaire (RGMFTIQ) with a reliability index of 0.88 on Cronbach's alpha was used for data collection. This instrument was effectively validated by three (3) experts in the Department of Educational Management University of Calabar. Mean and Standard deviation was used to answer the two (2) research questions, while Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used to test the hypothesis at .05 alpha level. Findings revealed that those models occur at a low level and could not be accepted as sources of revenue generation in tertiary institutions in the study area. The result of the hypothesis revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in financial and account officers’ perception on the revenue generation model as well as in their educational impact domain in tertiary institutions in Cross River State. It was recommended hat tertiary institutions in Cross River State should consider diversifying their revenue sources beyond government funding to enhance their financial sustainability.
Molecular identification and characterization of endophytic bacteria from root of chamaecrista rotundifolia growing on the nigerian air force shooting range, kaduna.
Authors: Medugu Yurkusi Mairam , Appah Joseph , B Dikwa Karderam , Ositadinma Ndibe ThankGod , Danjuma Asabe , Babagana Bintu
Published: March 2024

Chamaecrista rotundifolia is one of the few plant species growing on heavy metal-contaminated Nigerian Air Force shooting range, Kaduna. This microbially unexplored plant species can have microbial association with endophytes. This study was aimed at isolating, identifying and characterizing endophytic bacteria associated with the roots of Chamaecrista rotundifolia growing on the Nigerian Air Force shooting range, Kaduna. The identification of the endophytic bacteria was done using standard biochemical methods and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. The isolates were then screened for antibiotic resistance, plant growth promoting properties and heavy metal tolerance using standard techniques.  Varied concentrations of heavy metal salts (Pb2+, Cr3+, Ni2+ and Mn2+) were used to test the isolates for their heavy metal tolerance. Four endophytic bacteria isolated from the roots of C. rotundifolia were Aerococcus viridans, Peribacillus simplex, Staphylococcus simplex and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results on antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that the four isolates were resistant to most of the antibiotics. The isolates possessed plant growth promoting properties by showing positive results for Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic (ACC) deaminase activity and phosphate solubilizing. Results also revealed that the isolates showed some degree of tolerance to the heavy metals. The tolerance of both A. viridans and P. simplex to chromium and manganese showed significant difference (p<0.05) across all the concentration levels of the metal salts. It is therefore concluded that Chamaecrista rotundifolia growing on Nigerian Air Force shooting range, Kaduna, is associated with endophytic bacteria which could be the reason the plant species thrive in heavy metal-contaminated site.
Investigation Of The Influence Of The Turbine Wicket Gates Closure Law Pattern On The Water Hammer Effect During Turbine Off-Design Operation
Authors: Bagaragaza Romuald , Majoro Felicien , Zhang Jian , Dusabemariya Claire , Muvunyi Ronaldo , Nsengiyumva Philibert , Mukamwambali Concilie , Mbabazi Buregeya Eric , Mugabe Assiel , Uwamahoro Adrien
Published: March 2024

Hydraulic transients are accelerated by the wicket gate closing in hydroelectric power plants. When the wicket gate is closed, there is a sudden change in velocity due to the closure. Therefore, a study has been carried out here, wherein water hammers on different hydropower components use optimum closure laws: Fast closure laws, slow closure laws, and instant load rejection. Hammer V10i software was used to investigate the phenomenon of pressure transient. The results show that the maximum transient pressure is strongly influenced by a very short closing time and was increased to 41.24% from the slow to the fast closure.

Furthermore, the results from instant load rejections reveal that the transient pressure will be less than the fast and slow closure. So, the closing law selection can positively influence the entire hydropower plant system. Furthermore, the results show that there was a decrease in pressure near the turbine during the different load rejections, Fast closure, slow closure, and instant load rejection, where 57.7%, 15%, and 0.46%, respectively, and the decrease in turbine rotation speed were as 5.1%, 60%, and 24% respectively. Moreover, results reveal that maximum and minimum flow variation reached -29.75% and 41.2% during the fast closure.
Debt servicing payment: the bane of economic growth in nigeria. [2005-2021]
Authors: Etim Ndu Essien
Published: March 2024

Economic growth, is a global issue that Nigeria is still contending with. This global phenomenon however, is plagued by twin evil called debt and debt servicing. Though debt and debt servicing is not bad in itself, but the management in Nigeria seems to hinder economic growth. This concern has prompted the need for this research to examine the effect of debt servicing on economic growth in Nigeria. Therefore, the specific objectives of this study are; to determine the effect of foreign debt servicing on GDP, and to examine the effect of domestic debt servicing on GDP. Two null hypothesis were tested to provide answers to the concerns posed by the independent variables on the dependent variable, ordinary least square regression was adopted, with the aid of SPSS to analyses our result. with GDP as the dimension for the dependent variable, the research period covered was 2005-2021. This research adopted ex-post facto design, because of the nature of data that is analysed. The choice of this design was due to the desire of the researchers to ensure a free interface of the data without manipulation. However, the findings revealed that both Foreign Debt Servicing and Domestic Debt Servicing have significant effect on GDP. We, therefore, conclude that debt servicing in Nigeria should be managed with utmost sincerity to stimulate economic growth. Suffice it to say that, domestic and foreign debt servicing has become obscenity rather than a blessing to the Nigerian economy, as it has not proven to salvage the economic woes of the Nigeria. We recommend accordingly that, Domestic and foreign debt servicing payments should be managed in such a manner that it would not hinder economic growth of Nigeria.
Polystyrene degradation by bacteria isolated from the larvae of Rhynchophorusphoenicis
Authors: Immanuel O.M. , Isaiah I.A.
Published: March 2024

The larvae of insects of the order Coleoptera have been reported to biodegrade plastics aided by their chewing mouthparts and the  activities of their gut biota. However, there is no report of this ability by the African palm weevil (Rhynchophorus phoenicis). This study  aims to the ability of R. phoenicis larvae to biodegrade polystyrene (PS). A total of 100 R. phoenicis larvae were fed for 21 days with PS  foam, and afterwards, the gut contents of survivors were investigated for possible PS-degrading bacteria. Bacterial isolates were  screened for PS biodegradation in an Erlenmeyer flask with PS film as the sole carbon source, in a mineral salt medium (MSM) at a temperature of 30oC and a pH of 7, for a period of 28 days. The isolates were used for biodegradation assay under the same conditions,  for 60 days. The weight of PS films was determined before and after the biodegradation assay. Chemical changes in the films were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Two bacterial isolates were recovered from the gut of the only surviving R.  phoenicis larvae fed with 100% PS. The isolates were identified based on their 16S rRNA sequences as Lysinibacillus macriodes and  Pantoea dispersa with accession numbers OQ652017 and OQ652023 respectively. The isolates caused an 8.8% reduction in the weight of  PS film and FTIR spectroscopy results confirmed the formation of groups suggestive of degradation products with the carbonyl group  showing up as absorption peaks in the range of 1640-1760 cm-1 and the hydroxylic group at 3000-3700 cm-1 . The isolates were able to  produce polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) equivalent to 1.4g/L, under PS degradation conditions. Therefore, coupling the biodegradation of  PS with PHAproduction could be useful for the valorization of PS waste.
Determinants of E-government Technology Adoption for Government Employees in China: Based on the UTAUT3 Model
Authors: Zhou Mingle , Yin Jing , Li Gang , Han Delong , Li Min
Published: March 2024

E-government technology (EGT) is the cornerstone of efficient government offices, which can streamline their work to enhance service quality for government employees. Thus, it is essential to examine the determinants of EGT implementation by government employees. Guided by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 3 model, this research explores critical determinants that affect EGT adoption. Results from questionnaires completed by 207 Chinese government employees indicated that EGT adoption intention is positively affected by facilitating conditions (FC), habit (HB) and personal innovativeness (PI). Moreover, it partially mediates the relationship between HB and EGT adoption behavior, as well as PI and EGT adoption behavior. EGT adoption behavior is significantly affected by HB and PI. Surprisingly, research found other factors not significant for EGT adoption intention. This research contributes to the theory in the area of e-government and provides valuable insights for government agencies, with theoretical and practical significance.
Effects of Indebtedness of Self-governing Regions: Comparison Between Selected Central European Countries
Authors: Šindleryová Ivana Butoracová , Cíbik Lukáš , Turčan Kamil
Published: March 2024

We are enriching the debate on the indebtedness of self-governing regions with a scientific article that focuses on the effects of this phenomenum of the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic as selected Central European countries. The main purpose of the article is to find out possible measures and solutions in the stabilisation of the financial security of self-governing regions in the surveyed countries. The research refers to the monitored period from the accession of both countries to the European Union in 2004 (data summarized in 2005) till 2022 when the final annual statistical data of the regional final accounts (referring to 2021) are available. Descriptive statistical method was used to express the development trends of indebtedness, represented by line graphs and tables. The data were aggregated for individual budget years in all self-governing regions, due to significant differences in the structure of fragmentation, the research results were interpreted through the indebtedness per inhabitant and the share of indebtedness to current income determined by the legal framework. Through the study of foreign and domestic scientific literature, possible preventive measures for reducing self-governing regions debt were proposed when using returnable funding sources after joining the European Union of these two countries.
Tools for Involving Citizens in Municipal Governance: Russia Case Study
Authors: Janali Abdullayeva Esmira , Kovrizhnykh Yuri , Pshenichnaya Natalia
Published: March 2024

The article considers the experience of citizens' involvement in municipal governance on the example of those regions of the Russian Federation, where the practices of budget initiation are implemented. Index of public participation for such regions is defined; qualitative and organizational aspects of citizen participation in governance at the municipal level are defined; the main tools of communication between citizens and authorities are analyzed. Despite the widespread availability of both online and offline tools for citizen participation in municipal government, civic engagement remains low, which is explained by the insufficient level of communication between municipal authorities and citizens.
District-level Collaboration for Improving Quality of Life of Older People in Thailand
Authors: Boontanon Nithirat , Sonsri Gamolporn
Published: March 2024

Thailand established district-level collaborations to improve citizens' quality of life and promote self-governance. Despite successful district-level collaborations to improve the quality of life (QoL) of older people through long-term care (LTC) policies, a lack of analysis of the collaborative process across the country persisted. To address this gap in knowledge, this study aimed to analyze the collaborative process at the district level in implementing LTC activities in Thailand. In this study, qualitative research was employed to collect data through in-depth interviews and non-participating observations during collaborative meetings in four regions of Thailand. The findings of this study indicate that in Thailand, district-level collaboration was overseen by the Committee for the Improvement of the Quality of Life at the District Level (CIQ), which comprised representatives from the public, private, and civil sectors. The CIQ was responsible for improving the QoL of older people and its activities included member selection, appointment, problem identification, problem prioritization, problem-solving planning, task delegation, joint operation, and monitoring. This collaboration was implemented in accordance with legal preferences for decentralization and has contributed to the effective and appropriate implementation of LTC operations. Furthermore, the collaborative approach utilized in this study may also be applicable to other collaborative operations.
Tác động của mạng lưới mối quan hệ đến quá trình quốc tế hóa của các doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa tại Việt Nam
Authors: Thích Nguyễn Văn
Published: March 2024

Các doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa (SMEs) Việt Nam đã tham gia nhanh chóng vào quá trình quốc tế hóa trong hai thập kỷ qua. Nghiên cứu này áp dụng cách tiếp cận mạng lưới quan hệ để xem xét những yếu tố nào ảnh hưởng đến quá trình quốc tế hóa của các doanh nghiệp (SMEs). Chúng tôi tiến hành khảo sát 145 doanh nghiệp (SMEs) tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh (TPHCM) trong lĩnh vực sản xuất cho thấy mạng lưới kinh doanh và mạng lưới quan hệ cá nhân ảnh hưởng đến hoạt động kinh doanh quốc tế hóa của các doanh nghiệp (SMEs). Cụ thể, mạng lưới kinh doanh có tác động tích cực đến thời điểm gia nhập thị trường quốc tế lần đầu tiên, tốc độ quốc tế hóa và các cam kết nguồn lực, trong khi mạng lưới quan hệ cá nhân có tác động tích cực đến tốc độ quốc tế hóa và các cam kết nguồn lực nhưng không ảnh hưởng đến thời điểm tham gia lần đầu vào thị trường quốc tế. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi phân tích, đánh giá kết quả khảo sát của mình để thảo luận về những tác động, ảnh hưởng của mạng lưới mối quan hệ đến khả năng quốc tế hóa của các SMEs và trên cơ sở đó, đề xuất một số hướng nghiên cứu trong tương lai. Các hàm ý, chính sách về cách tạo thuận lợi cho quá trình quốc tế hóa đối với SMEs cũng được thảo luận.
Cơ hội và thách thức của ngành nhà hàng tại Việt Nam giai đoạn bình thường mới
Authors: Trí Trần Quang , Khoa Phạm Đoàn Anh , Tho Alang , Nhân Nguyễn Thị Thanh
Published: March 2024

Sau đại dịch Covid-19 ngành nhà hàng đã dần lấy lại sự ổn định và tận dụng sự hỗ trợ của chính quyền, tranh thủ sự ủng hộ của khách hàng nội địa, nắm bắt giai đoạn bình thường mới và khai thác các dịch vụ giao hàng phát triển để duy trì hoạt động. Bài báo này đã sử dụng phương pháp khảo cứu tài liệu với các nguồn sử dụng là các nghiên cứu cập nhật và nghiên cứu thực nghiệm được đăng trên các tạp chí thuộc Web of Science. Nội dung các bài báo được phân tích sâu để chọn lựa những thông tin phù hợp (content analysis) nhằm: (1) xác định các cơ hội và thách thức của ngành nhà hàng tại Việt Nam giai đoạn bình thường mới; (2) cung cấp các hàm ý kinh doanh cho các nhà hàng tại Việt Nam. Kết quả chỉ ra những cơ hội ngành nhà hàng tại Việt Nam giai đoạn bình thường mới gồm: Sự hỗ trợ từ chính phủ; Sự ủng hộ khách hàng và cộng đồng nội địa; Dấu hiệu bình thường mới; Dịch vụ giao hàng phát triển. Những thách thức của ngành bao gồm: Sự cạnh tranh; Sức mua giảm; Chi phí; Nền kinh tế; Thiếu lao động; Dịch bệnh.
AN OVERVIEW ON THE SYNTHESIS OF PHOSPHORYLATED CHITOSAN DERIVATIVES FOR THE ADSORPTION OF EMERGING CONTAMINANTS IN WATER
Authors: Ekeoma M. O. , Oleleme B. C. , Sabar S.
Published: March 2024

Safe water for human consumption and for aquatic life is of paramount importance. The emergence of new kinds of contaminants like surfactants, pharmaceutical drugs, hormones, foods and additives, laundry detergents, etc., are posing new and serious challenges to the conventional primary and secondary waste water treatment, because of the inability to remove or degrade these toxic pollutants efficiently and hence, the need for cost effective tertiary treatment method. Adsorption is a promising method worldwide for the removal of emerging contaminants, since it is highly-efficient and has a simple operating system. This review seeks to investigate the suitable preparation methods of soluble phosphorylated chitosan derivatives as efficient adsorbent for effective removal of emerging contaminants in water. Hence, the goal of this study, is to review some synthesis of the phosphates of chitosan under various chemical conditions to produce soluble chitosan derivatives which can be effectively used for the removal of emerging contaminants in water by adsorption technique.
EFEKTIFITAS PENERAPAN PIDANA TAMBAHAN UANG PENGGANTI DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI
Authors: Haryadi Tobi , Riviyusnita Rianda , Zakaria Zakaria
Published: March 2024

Abstrak

Pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi merupakan bagian dari sistem peradilan pidana yang bertumpu pada jalur represif semata, karena bila hanya dengan menyeret para koruptor ke Pengadilan tidak mungkin dapat menekan laju perkembangan tindak pidana korupsi. Besarnya kerugian keuangan negara yang diakibatkan oleh korupsi sangat tidak sebanding besar pengembalian keuangan negara akibat korupsi. Pelaksanaan pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara akibat tindak pidana korupsi juga tidak serta merta dapat begitu saja dilakukan. Selain menunggu pembayaran uang pengganti dari para terpidana kasus korupsi yang memerlukan waktu yang lama, pengembalian uang pengganti ke kas negara tidak dapat langsung dilakukan. Hal ini diakibatkan harus ada prosedur birokrasi yang dilewati. Dengan menggunakan metodologi penelitian yuridis normatif penulis bermaksud mencari jawaban atas permasalahan yang ada. Efektifitas dari penerapan pidana tambahan uang pengganti dalam rangka pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara dalam tindak pidana korupsi belum efektif, hal ini harta benda terpidana sudah terlebih dahulu disita. Ini  membuktikan bahwa diperlukan waktu yang sangat panjang guna memperoleh pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara dengan uang pengganti dari para terpidana. pelaksanaan pengembalian kerugian keuangan Negara bahwa pembayaran uang pengganti secara langsung atau apabila terdakwa tidak membayar uang pengganti tersebut dalam jangka waktu 1 bulan setelah putusan pengadilan mempunyai kekuatan hukum tetap, maka dapat dilakukan penyitaan terhadap harta bendanya kemudian di lelang untuk menutupi uang pengganti tersebut.

Kata Kunci : Tindak Pidana, Korupsi, Kerugian, Negara
“The Past that doesn’t Pass”: National Socialism in the Memory Policy of the FRG and the Historical Policy of the GDR
Authors: Stelmakh S.
Published: March 2024

The article provides a comparative analysis of the coverage of the legacy of National Socialism in the memory policy of the FRG and historical policy of the GDR and various commemorative practices. The author revealed the conceptual apparatus that is used in professional historiography and public discourse. Its various contents and features of use in different chronological periods were also determined in the article. The author considered numerous methodological approaches used by researchers of memory problems. The difference between the concepts of “memory policy” and “memory culture” in content is that the first term provides for a set of government measures to preserve memory, while the second term is broader and focuses on involving public institutions and society in the discussion of “memory” problems. The article shows the differences in the attitude to the National Socialist past in the FRG and the GDR on specific examples. The author paid attention to new approaches to the memory of the World War II in modern Germany, which has resulted from the processes of migration and the transformation of the country into a multicultural community. Two factors influence contemporary debates about the politics of memory in Germany: a) globalization, cultural transfer and migration, which exacerbate conflicts in nationally oriented memory politics. Like most countries in Western Europe, Germany is an immigration country, comprising a population that can’t longer be differentiated by nations and ethnic groups. Accordingly, historical memory refers less and less to national or ethnic historical foundations, as an ever-increasing proportion of the population has a second family origin and is therefore confronted with a past that lies beyond their ethnic beliefs; b) the Russian-Ukrainian war turned attention to the crimes of National Socialism during the Second World War (1939-1945) in Eastern Europe and Ukraine in particular.
Avaliação do risco de síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono em pacientes com síndrome metabólica
Authors: Cardoso Anamaria de Souza , Brant Ailton Gomes , Melo Ana Flávia de Almeida , Soares Mariana de Freitas , Lafetá Raissa Araújo , Ribeiro Rayan de Melo , Soares Mariano Fagundes Neto , Nascimento Maria Fernanda Santos
Published: March 2024

A Síndrome Metabólica (SM) é um transtorno complexo representado por fatores de risco cardiovascular, usualmente relacionados à deposição central de gordura e à resistência à insulina. A Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS) caracteriza-se por episódios de interrupção da respiração durante o sono, associados à hipoxemia, despertares frequentes e sonolência diurna. Sabe-se que o sobrepeso em pacientes com Síndrome Metabólica interfere diretamente na qualidade do sono e no surgimento da SAOS. Objetivo: O estudo busca avaliar o risco de SAOS em pacientes com SM. Método: Estudo descritivo, transversal e de natureza quantitativa, realizado na Unidade Básica de Saúde do Bairro Independência, em Montes Claros. Participaram 60 pacientes diagnosticados com Síndrome Metabólica que foram avaliados quanto a valores de circunferência abdominal, pressão arterial, HDL, triglicérides e glicemia de jejum. Para investigar SAOS foi aplicado o questionário STOP-BANG, além disso, foi aplicado também questionário complementar para traçar perfil sociodemográfico. Resultados: A faixa etária variou entre 21 e 88 anos, com média de idade de 60,76 anos, e destes, 45 (75%) eram do sexo feminino. Pacientes com risco intermediário e alto risco para SAOS representaram 76,67%. Maior prevalência de alto risco para SAOS foi observada no sexo masculino. Conclusão: O presente estudo encontrou provável associação entre a Síndrome Metabólica e seus critérios e o risco para a SAOS.