bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La nación como cuerpo disciplinado
Authors: Novoa Adriana
Published: September 2020

Este ensayo discute la política racial de USA en la actualidad como un ejercicio de disciplinar la diversidad étnica del país a través del control de la reproducción y del uso de legislaciones supremacistas
Acuchillar al arte
Authors: Ramírez Fuentes Yesenia
Published: September 2020

Las corrientes artísticas de vanguardia que transformaron las artes visuales europeas ingresaron en América Latina como parte de una vigorosa corriente de renovación; pero estos movimientos no entraron como estilos homogéneos, fueron adaptados de manera innovadora y personalísima, por artistas individuales que se dedicaron a la creación de formas específicamente americanas del Modernismo, como es el caso de Lucio Fontana (1899-1968).
Palabras en la develación de la tarja en la casa natal de Eliseo Diego, Compostela No. 318, La Habana Vieja, el 2 de julio de 2020, día del cien cumpleaños del poeta
Authors: de Diego Josefina
Published: September 2020

La hija de Eliseo Diego, durante la tarja que se develó en la casa natal del poeta en medio de los homenajes por su centenario, relató en estas palabras el significado de ese lugar, así como otros sitios importantes en la vida de su padre, especialmente Villa Berta, en Arroyo Naranjo, de gran significación en el grupo literario llamado Orígenes.
Raíces en la trayectoria de Eliseo Diego
Authors: García Alfonso
Published: September 2020

Es necesario perfilar la silueta completa de Eliseo Diego, heredero de un contexto histórico y social determinado que sirve, sin duda, para su mejor conocimiento humano y literario, desde la actividad grupal en Orígenes –“quizá lo que nos agrupó es el hecho de que nuestro país en aquella época era un país fantasmagórico, una especie de farsa”- hasta su razón poética y la educación como lucha contra la decadencia. Esta última y su implicación en ella como hombre de acción es poco valorada, cuando no desconocida o minimizada. Fue en esta línea un hombre adelantado a su tiempo. En el artículo se proponen unas sencillas notas a la consideración del lector.
Measurement report: PM2.5-bound nitrated aromatic compounds in Xi'an, Northwest China: Seasonal variations and contributions to optical properties of brown carbon
Authors: Yuan Wei , Huang Ru-Jin , Yang Lu , Wang Ting , Duan Jing , Guo Jie , Ni Haiyan , Chen Yang , Chen Qi , Li Yongjie , Dusek Ulrike , O'Dowd Colin , Hoffmann Thorsten
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Nitrated aromatic compounds (NACs) are a group of key chromophores for brown carbon aerosol (light absorbing organic carbon, i.e., BrC), which affects radiative forcing. The chemical composition and sources of NACs and their contributions to BrC absorption, however, are still not well understood. In this study, PM2.5-bound NACs in Xi'an, Northwest China, were investigated for 112 daily PM2.5 filter samples from 2015 to 2016. Both the total concentrations and contributions from individual species of NACs show distinct seasonal variations. The seasonally averaged concentrations of NACs are 2.1 (spring), 1.1 (summer), 12.9 (fall), and 56.3 ng m−3 (winter). Thereinto, 4-nitrophenol is the major NAC component in spring (58 %). The concentrations of 5-nitrosalicylic acid and 4-nitrophenol dominate in summer (70 %), and the concentrations of 4-nitrocatechol and 4-nitrophenol dominate in fall (58 %) and winter (55 %). The NAC species show different seasonal patterns in concentrations, indicating differences in emissions and formation pathways. Source apportionment results using positive matrix factorization (PMF) further show large seasonal differences in the sources of NACs. Specifically, in summer, NACs were highly influenced by secondary formation and vehicle emissions (~ 80 %), while in winter, biomass burning and coal combustion contributed the most (~ 75 %). Furthermore, the light absorption contributions of NACs to BrC are wavelength dependent and vary greatly by seasons, with maximum contributions at ~ 330 nm in winter and fall and ~ 320 nm in summer and spring. The differences in the contribution to light absorption are associated with the higher mass fractions of 4-nitrocatechol (λmax = 345 nm) and 4-nitrophenol (λmax = 310 nm) in fall and winter, 4-nitrophenol in spring, and 5-nitrosalicylic acid (λmax = 315 nm) and 4-nitrophenol in summer. The mean contributions of NACs to BrC light absorption at the wavelength of 365 nm in different seasons are 0.14 % (spring), 0.09 % (summer), 0.36 % (fall) and 0.91 % (winter), which are about 6–9 times higher than their mass fractional contributions of carbon in total organic carbon. Our results indicate that the composition and sources of NACs have profound impacts on the BrC light absorption.
Accounting for the photochemical variation of stratospheric NO2 in the SAGE III/ISS solar occultation retrieval
Authors: Dubé Kimberlee , Bourassa Adam , Zawada Daniel , Degenstein Doug , Damadeo Robert , Flittner David , Randel William
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III has been operating on the International Space Station (ISS) since mid 2017. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) number density profiles are routinely retrieved from SAGE III/ISS solar occultation measurements in the middle atmosphere. Although NO2 density varies throughout the day due to photochemistry, the standard SAGE NO2 retrieval algorithm neglects these variations along the instrument's line of sight by assuming that the number density has a constant gradient within a given vertical layer of the atmosphere. This assumption will result in a retrieval bias for a species like NO2 that changes rapidly across the terminator. In this work we account for diurnal variations in retrievals of NO2 from the SAGE III/ISS measurements, and determine the impact of this algorithm improvement on the resulting NO2 number densities. The diurnal correction is applied by first undoing the SAGE III/ISS retrieval using publicly available SAGE III/ISS products to obtain an optical depth profile. The retrieval is then performed with a new matrix that applies photochemical scale factors for each point along the line of sight according to the changing solar zenith angle. In general NO2 that is retrieved by accounting for these diurnal variations is more than 10 % lower than the standard algorithm below 30 km. This effect is greatest in winter at high latitudes, and generally greater for sunrise occultations than sunset. Comparisons with coincident profiles from the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System (OSIRIS) show that NO2 from SAGE III/ISS is generally biased high, however the agreement improves by up to 20 % in the mid stratosphere when diurnal variations are accounted for in the retrieval. We conclude that diurnal variations along the SAGE III/ISS line of sight are an important term to consider for NO2 analyses at altitudes below 30 km.
Microbial dormancy and its impacts on northern temperate and boreal terrestrial ecosystem carbon budget
Authors: Zha Junrong , Zhuang Qianla
Published: September 2020

Abstract. A large amount of soil carbon in northern temperate and boreal regions could
be emitted as greenhouse gases in a warming future. However, lacking
detailed microbial processes such as microbial dormancy in current
biogeochemistry models might have biased the quantification of the regional
carbon dynamics. Here the effect of microbial dormancy was incorporated into
a biogeochemistry model to improve the quantification for the last century and this
century. Compared with the previous model without considering the microbial
dormancy, the new model estimated the regional soils stored 75.9 Pg more C
in the terrestrial ecosystems during the last century and will store 50.4 and 125.2 Pg more C under the RCP8.5 and RCP2.6 scenarios,
respectively, in this century. This study highlights the importance of the
representation of microbial dormancy in earth system models to adequately
quantify the carbon dynamics in the northern temperate and boreal natural
terrestrial ecosystems.
HydroGFD3.0: a 25 km global near real-time updated precipitation and temperature data set
Authors: Berg Peter , Almén Fredrik , Bozhinova Denica
Published: September 2020

Abstract. HydroGFD (Hydrological Global Forcing Data) is a data set of bias adjusted reanalysis data for daily precipitation, and minimum, mean, and maximum temperature. It is mainly intended for large scale hydrological modeling, but is also suitable for other impact modeling. The data set has an almost global land area coverage, excluding the Antarctic continent, at a horizontal resolution of 0.25°, i.e. about 25 km. It is available for the complete ERA5 reanalysis time period; currently 1979 until five days ago. This period will be extended back to 1950 once the back catalogue of ERA5 is available. The historical period is adjusted using global gridded observational data sets, and to acquire real-time data, a collection of several reference data sets is used. Consistency in time is attempted by relying on a background climatology, and only making use of anomalies from the different data sets. Precipitation is adjusted for mean bias as well as the number or wet days in a month. The latter is relying on a calibrated statistical method with input only of the monthly precipitation anomaly, such that no additional input data about the number of wet days is necessary. The daily mean temperature is adjusted toward the monthly mean of the observations, and applied to 1 h timesteps of the ERA5 reanalysis. Daily mean, minimum and maximum temperature are then calculated. The performance of the HydroGFD3 data set is on par with other similar products, although there are significant differences in different parts of the globe, especially where observations are uncertain. Further, HydroGFD3 tends to have higher precipitation extremes, partly due to its higher spatial resolution. In this paper, we present the methodology, evaluation results, and how to access to the data set at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3871707.
Recalibrating Decadal Climate Predictions – What is an adequate model for the drift?
Authors: Pasternack Alexander , Grieger Jens , Rust Henning W. , Ulbrich Uwe
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Near-term climate predictions such as decadal climate forecasts are increasingly being used to guide adaptation measures. To ensure the applicability of these probabilistic predictions, inherent systematic errors of the prediction system must be corrected. In this context, decadal climate predictions have further characteristic features, such as the long time horizon, the lead-time dependent systematic errors (drift) and the errors in the representation of long-term changes and variability. These features are compounded by small ensemble sizes to describe forecast uncertainty and a relatively short period for which typically pairs of re-forecasts and observations are available to estimate calibration parameters. With DeFoReSt (DecadalClimate Forecast Recalibration Strategy), Pasternack et al. (2018) proposed a parametric post-processing approach to tackle these problems. The original approach of DeFoReSt assumes third order polynomials in lead time to capture conditional and unconditional biases, second order for dispersion, first order for start time dependency. In this study, we propose not to restrict orders a priori but use a systematic model selection strategy to obtain model orders from the data based on non-homogeneous boosting. The introduced boosted recalibration estimates the coefficients of the statistical model, while the most relevant predictors are selected automatically by keeping the coefficients of the less important predictors to zero. Through toy model simulations with differently constructed systematic errors, we show the advantages of boosted recalibration over DeFoReSt. Finally, we apply boosted recalibration and DeFoReSt to decadal surface temperature forecasts from the MiKlip Prototype system. We show that boosted recalibration performs equally well as DeFoReSt and yet offers a greater flexibility.
Estimating the Absolute Salinity of China Offshore Seawater Using Nutrients and Inorganic Carbon Data
Authors: Ji Fengying , Xiong Xuejun , Pawlowicz Rich
Published: September 2020

Abstract. In June 2009, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO released the international thermodynamic equation of seawater – 2010 (TEOS-10 for short) (IOC et al, 2010) to define, describe and calculate the thermodynamic properties of seawater. Compared to Equation of Ocean State-80 (EOS-80 for short), the most obvious change of TEOS-10 is taking Absolute Salinity as salinity argument, replacing the Practical Salinity used in ocean society for 30 years. Due to lack of observation data, Absolute Salinity algorithm the applicability in the offshore and semi-closed sea is not very clear to date. Based on the Marine Integrated Investigation and Evaluation Project of China Offshore, other relevant data together with Pa08 model, we obtain the magnitude, distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of Absolute Salinity in China offshore. As the main composition anomaly relative to SSW, calcium carbonate, originating from terrestrial input of high calcium carbonate content and re-dissolution of sediment of China offshore, raises the Absolute Salinity Anomaly δSA as high as 0.20 g kg-1 and increases the Practical Salinity about 0.025 at most comparing to the chlorinity-based salinity. Moreover, both of them show obvious seasonal variation. Finally, relevant suggestions are proposed for the accurate measurement and expression of Absolute Salinity of the China offshore.
Driving Forces of Circum-Antarctic Glacier and Ice Shelf Front
Retreat over the Last Two Decades
Authors: Baumhoer Celia A. , Dietz Andreas J. , Kneisel Christof , Paeth Heiko , Kuenzer Claudia
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The safety band of Antarctica consisting of floating glacier tongues and ice shelves buttresses ice discharge of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Recent disintegration events of ice shelves and glacier retreat indicate a weakening of this important safety band. Predicting calving front retreat is a real challenge due to complex ice dynamics in a data-scarce environment being unique for each ice shelf and glacier. We explore to what extent easy to access remote sensing and modelling data can help to define environmental conditions leading to calving front retreat. For the first time, we present a circum-Antarctic record of glacier and ice shelf front retreat over the last two decades in combination with environmental variables such as air temperature, sea ice days, snowmelt, sea surface temperature and wind direction. We find that the Antarctic ice sheet area shrank 29,618 ± 29 km2 in extent between 1997–2008 and gained an area of 7,108 ± 144.4 km2 between 2009 and 2018. Retreat concentrated along the Antarctic Peninsula and West Antarctica including the biggest ice shelves Ross and Ronne. Glacier and ice shelf retreat comes along with one or several changes in environmental variables. Decreasing sea ice days, intense snow melt, weakening easterlies and relative changes in sea surface temperature were identified as enabling factors for retreat. In contrast, relative increases in air temperature did not correlate with calving front retreat. To better understand drivers of glacier and ice shelf retreat it is of high importance to analyse the magnitude of basal melt through the intrusion of warm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) driven by strengthening westerlies and to further assess surface hydrology processes such as meltwater ponding, runoff and lake drainage.
Surface melting over the Greenland ice sheet from enhanced resolution passive microwave brightness temperatures (1979–2019)
Authors: Colosio Paolo , Tedesco Marco , Fettweis Xavier , Ranzi Roberto
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Surface melting is a major component of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) surface mass balance, affecting sea level rise through direct runoff and the modulation on ice dynamics and hydrological processes, supraglacially, englacially and subglacially. Passive microwave (PMW) brightness temperature observations are of paramount importance in studying the spatial and temporal evolution of surface melting in view of their long temporal coverage (1979–to date) and high temporal resolution (daily). However, a major limitation of PMW datasets has been the relatively coarse spatial resolution, being historically of the order of tens of kilometres. Here, we use a newly released passive microwave dataset (37 GHz, horizontal polarization) made available through the NASA MeASUREs program to study the spatiotemporal evolution of surface melting over the GrIS at an enhanced spatial resolution of 3.125 Km. We assess the outputs of different detection algorithms through data collected by Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) and the outputs of the MAR regional climate model. We found that surface melting is well captured using a dynamic algorithm based on the outputs of MEMLS model, capable to detect sporadic and persistent melting. Our results indicate that, during the reference period 1979–2019 (1988–2019), surface melting over the GrIS increased in terms of both duration, up to ~4.5 (2.9) days per decade, and extension, up to 6.9 % (3.6 %) of the GrIS surface extent per decade, according to the MEMLS algorithm. Furthermore, the melting season has started up to ~4 (2.5) days earlier and ended ~7 (3.9) days later per decade. We also explored the information content of the enhanced resolution dataset with respect to the one at 25 km and MAR outputs through a semi-variogram approach. We found that the enhanced product is more sensitive to local scale processes, hence confirming the potential interest of this new enhanced product for studying surface melting over Greenland at a higher spatial resolution than the historical products and monitor its impact on sea level rise. This offers the opportunity to improve our understanding of the processes driving melting, to validate modelled melt extent at high resolution and potentially to assimilate this data in climate models.
Petrography and Geochemistry of the Carboniferous Ortokarnash Manganese Deposit in the Western Kunlun Mountains, Xinjiang Province, China: Implications for the Depositional Environment and the Origin of Mineralization
Authors: Zhang Bang-Lu , Wang Chang-Le , Robbins Leslie J. , Zhang Lian-Chang , Konhauser Kurt O. , Dong Zhi-Guo , Li Wen-Jun , Peng Zi-Dong , Zheng Meng-Tian
Published: September 2020

The Upper Carboniferous Ortokarnash manganese ore deposit in the West Kunlun orogenic belt of the Xinjiang province in China is hosted in the Kalaatehe Formation. The latter is composed of three members: (1) the 1st Member is a volcanic breccia limestone, (2) the 2nd Member is a sandy limestone, and (3) the 3rd Member is a dark gray to black marlstone containing the manganese carbonate mineralization, which, in turn, is overlain by sandy and micritic limestone. This sequence represents a single transgression-regression cycle, with the manganese deposition occurring during the highstand systems tract. Geochemical features of the rare earth elements (REE+Y) in the Kalaatehe Formation suggest that both the manganese ore and associated rocks were generally deposited under an oxic water column with Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS)-normalized REE+Y patterns displaying characteristics of modern seawater (e.g., light REE depletion and negative Ce anomalies). The manganese ore is dominated by fine-grained rhodochrosite (MnCO3), dispersed in Mn-rich silicates (e.g., friedelite and chlorite), and trace quantities of alabandite (MnS) and pyrolusite (MnO2). The replacement of pyrolusite by rhodochrosite suggests that the initial manganese precipitates were Mn(IV)-oxides. Precipitation within an oxic water column is supported by shale-normalized REE+Y patterns from the carbonate ores that are characterized by large positive Ce (>3.0) anomalies, negative Y (~0.7) anomalies, low Y/Ho ratios (~20), and a lack of fractionation between the light and heavy rare earth elements ((Nd/Yb)PAAS ~0.9). The manganese carbonate ores are also 13C-depleted, further suggesting that the Mn(II) carbonates formed as a result of Mn(III/IV)-oxide reduction during burial diagenesis.
USA, EU and China as the Leading Actor in the World Trade and Cybersecurity, Divergences and Convergences
Authors: Panagopoulos Athanasios G.
Published: September 2020

The European Union (EU), United States (US), and China are the main global drivers of the international trade system. Trade wars between them create tensions in the world. As the world is facing increasing neo-protectionist trade applications of the Trump administration, this paper analyses whether a greater convergence between China and the EU is possible for protecting multilateralism through two case studies, namely (1) market conditions and discrimination, (2) cybersecurity. In this context, the paper argues that although the US pressure has led the EU to reapprochement with China, this situation creates a dilemma for the EU in terms of the fears about the problems of alignment with the normative identity of the EU. Whereas the EU aims at regulating the global trade on a normative basis originating from its acquis, China has a more strategic perspective based upon specific relationship context. It is difficult to take a side for the EU due to its different standpoint compared to China in defending the multilateral trading system.
The Relationship Between School Principals’ Perceived Transformational Leadership Behavior and Teachers’ Motivation
Authors: Serin Hüseyin , Akkaya Arzu
Published: September 2020

The current study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between transformational leadership and teachers’ motivation and whether this relationship if any, differs significantly based on various demographic variables. Within the framework of this aim, two scales were applied to 418 teachers working at primary, middle, and high schools in Istanbul. The data collection tools used in the study are the “Multidimensional Work Motivational Scale” developed by Gagné et al. (2010), and the “Transformational Leadership Scale” developed by Brestrich (2000). During the analysis of the data collected through scales, mean, frequency, and descriptive values such as standard deviation were used as well as independent groups t-test, multivariate variance analysis (MANOVA), and canonical correlation analysis. The results showed that as teachers perceive their principals as transformational leaders, their motivation including their inner motivation decreases. Besides, teachers’ perceptions of the transformational leadership skills of the principals change according to time of working in their current school, education levels and gender. It was also explored that the motivation status of female teachers was higher than male teachers.
Determination of novel alleles for immune gene in Mongolian sheep
Authors: L Tserennadmid , N Davaasuren , B Nyamgarav , M Zolzaya , G Otgontuya , G Nyamdavaa , Ch Tungalag , Ts Erdene-Ochir , Sh Tumenjargal
Published: September 2020

Antibodies recognize antigens outside of the cell but if an antigen enters the host cell the antibodies are no more effective. T cell responses are the main effector cells for the antigens inside of the host cell. Exon 2 of the ovine DRB1 gene loci (Major Histocompatibility Complex-MHC class II) is recognized by T helper lymphocytes together with antigens. Therefore, many alleles existing for this gene accordingto the GenBank Data and other publications. We determined six novel alleles for ovineDRB1 exon 2 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction endonuclease RsaI digestion in Mongolian sheep breed Bayad and Khalkha.  One allele identified in Mongolian sheep Breed Khalkha was identical with known alleles in GenBank. These initial data represent the diversity and exotic feature of the ovine DRB1 exon 2 genes in certain Mongolian sheep breeds and the pioneer study for further research in MHC/T cell responses by infections/vaccinations livestock of Mongolia.

Монгол хонинд дархлааны генийн өвөрмөц шинэ аллелийг илрүүлсэн дүнгээс

Гадны өвчин үүсгэгч (антиген) эс дотор ороогүй үед эсрэгбием үйлчлэх бөгөөд харин үүсгэгч эс дотор орсон үед Т лимфоцитийн дархлааны хариу урвал үйлчилдэг байна. Хонины ЭТИБийн II ангийн DRB1 генийн уураг кодлогч эксон 2 нь туслагч Т эс антигенийг танихад оролцдог тул олон хувилбар (аллель)-тай болох нь Генбанк болон гадаадын бусад судалгаагаар нотлогдсон байна. Бид зарим нутгийн Монгол хонины захын цусанд (Халх, Баяд) уг генийг ПГУ-аар илрүүлэн, генийн хувилбаруудыг RsaI таслагч энзимээр тогтоож, урьд өмнө Генбанкинд бүртгэгдээгүй өвөрмөц шинэ аллелийг тодорхойлов. Генийн дарааллыг тогтоосон найман дээжнээс Генбанкинд бүртгэлтэй нэг, бүртгэлгүй зургаан аллель илэрсэн нь Монгол хонины дархлааны DRB1 ген нь өвөрмөц бас олон янз (полиморф) байх магадлалтайг харуулав. Энэ нь цаашид Монгол малын ЭТИБ болон халдварын болон вакцины дараах Т эсийн хариу урвалын судалгааны суурь болж байна.

Түлхүүр үг:  Т эсийн дархлааны хариу урвал, Эдийн Тохирооны Иж Бүрдэл (ЭТИБ), дархлааныDRB1 ген, ПГУ-клонинг, таслагч энзим.
Dorsal: Ferramenta para Geração de Modelos de Dados para Aplicações voltadas a Saúde e Cuidado de Idosos
Authors: Oliveira Pedro , Araújo Italo , Junior Evilasio , Duarte Paulo , Santos Ismayle S. , Andrade Rossana M. C. , Barreto Ivana Cristina H. C. , Andrade Luiz Odorico M.
Published: September 2020

O envelhecimento da população aliado a um maior interesse por saúde e bem-estar têm motivado o desenvolvimento de aplicações web e mobile para prover longevidade com maior qualidade de vida. Contudo, modelar dados para sistemas de saúde do idoso é uma tarefa complexa e, então, para auxiliar desenvolvedores a lidar com essa dificuldade, em um trabalho anterior do nosso grupo de pesquisa, foi desenvolvida uma taxonomia de dados para 7 tipos de sistemas de saúde do idoso. Essa taxonomia é composta por 21 categorias e 87 características que organizam os dados que devem ser manipulados por esses sistemas. Por exemplo, a categoria “Controle de Glicose” (Glucose Control) possui data e glicemia como duas características. Entretanto, a combinação entre os tipos de aplicação, categorias e características gera um grande número de possibilidades, dificultando a utilização desta taxonomia. Sendo assim, a ferramenta Dorsal, proposta neste artigo, tem como objetivo gerar modelos de dados em Java ou Javascript a partir desta taxonomia para reduzir o esforço de desenvolvimento de aplicações para saúde do idoso.
Análise de Lesões de Pele usando Redes Generativas Adversariais
Authors: Bissoto Alceu , Avila Sandra
Published: September 2020

O câncer de pele é de longe o tipo mais comum de câncer. O diagnóstico precoce é fundamental para o tratamento do paciente, melhorando significativamente as taxas de sobrevida. O aprendizado profundo tornou-se o estado da arte na análise de lesões de pele, e os dados se tornaram um fator decisivo para impulsionar as soluções. O objetivo principal desta dissertação de mestrado é abordar dois problemas que surgem ao ter conjuntos de dados limitados: a incapacidade dos modelos de generalizar e o risco de viés do conjunto de dados. Investigamos os dois problemas separadamente, propondo métodos inovadores que contribuíram para o avanço da análise de lesões de pele.
Disseminação Segura de Dados Pessoais Vitais Para Apoio às Tomadas de Decisão em Situações Emergenciais
Authors: Batista Agnaldo S. , Santos Aldri
Published: September 2020

As redes urbanas estabelecidas dinamicamente têm possibilitado a disseminação de dados de maneira rápida, tornando-se um meio promissor ao suporte de serviços que exigem pronta resposta. Os serviços de saúde em redes (e-health) podem se beneficiar das interações nessas redes, e possibilitar ações antecipadas por pessoas capacitadas próximas aos eventos até o atendimento pelos órgãos de saúde competentes. Esta dissertação apresenta o sistema STEALTH, que emprega confiança social e comunidades de interesse no controle da disseminação dos dados sensíveis das pessoas em situações emergenciais em ambientes dinâmicos. Uma avaliação do STEALTH num ambiente realístico mostrou a sua eficácia ao antecipar a identificação de pessoas próximas para auxiliar em eventos críticos de saúde, e a sua confiabilidade na disseminação controlada dos dados sensíveis das pessoas em situação emergencial.
Desenvolvimento de protótipos de hardware com baixo custo para inclusão digital de pessoas com deficiência motora
Authors: Muniz Isadora R. F. , Stringhini Denise
Published: September 2020

O objetivo do presente trabalho é auxiliar pessoas com deficiência motora e de fala a utilizarem o computador. Serão apresentados os estudos e aplicações feitos para o desenvolvimento de um protótipo de baixo custo. Foram desenvolvidos e testados diferentes métodos para captura e interpretação de sinal que possibilitam o seu envio de um dispositivo externo para o computador de forma a controlá-lo com apenas um toque ou movimento. A interação com o computador é realizada através de um software interpretador integrado aos protótipos desenvolvidos. Para a realização dos testes, obteve-se a participação de um voluntário adulto possuidor de problemas motores decorrentes de paralisia cerebral.
Pesquisas em sistemas de apoio à decisão para orientação de transfusão plaquetária
Authors: Carvalho Victor P. B. , Alvim Fábio N. T. , Silva Fernanda A. , Seixas Flávio L.
Published: September 2020

Mundialmente, hemocentros têm problemas em relação ao estoque de sangue. Devido ao fato de que ocorrem transfusões que poderiam ser evitadas, faz-se necessária uma otimização na utilização do sangue. Além disso, tais transfusões podem gerar reações adversas fatais. Este artigo descreve um projeto de Iniciação Científica de desenvolvimento de um sistema de apoio à decisão para transfusão plaquetária com o objetivo de aconselhar o médico em relação à transfusão, almejando-se aumentar o uso racional de plaquetas e uma redução no número de reações adversas.
Recomendações para o Uso Salutar das Tecnologias Digitais na Dromocracia Cibercultural
Authors: Silva Bruna S. , Schneider Henrique N.
Published: September 2020

Este artigo, fruto de pesquisa em nível de Iniciação Científica na xxx, reflete sobre a sociedade na contemporaneidade à luz do conceito de dromocracia cibercultural, fundamentado nos escritos de Trivinho(2007) e Virilio (1984), que tem a velocidade como vetor que dita o comportamento humano no mundo do trabalho e no mundo do entretenimento. A lógica da dromocracia cibercultural, vem desenvolvendo enfermidades como a nomofobia, que significa o medo de ficar sem o telefone celular ou da internet. Assim, o presente trabalho discute e oferece recomendações para evitar os transtornos causados pela nomofobia.
EEG Signal Denoising Using Haar Transform and Maximal Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transform (MODWT) for the Finding of Epilepsy
Authors: Gurumoorthy Sasikumar , Babu Muppalaneni Naresh , Sandhya Kumari G.
Published: September 2020

Wavelet transform filters the signal without changing the pattern of the signal. The transformation techniques have been applied to the continuous time domain signals. The chapter is devoted to the study of the EEG (ElectroEncephaloGram) Signal processing using Haar wavelet transform and Maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) for the analyzing of Epilepsy. Haar transform returns the approximation coefficients and detail coefficients. Detail coefficients are generally referred to as the wavelet coefficients and are a highpass representation of the input. In this chapter, with the help of Haar transform, the detailed coefficients of the input signal have been analyzed for the detection of Epilepsy. Maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform filters the noise coefficients of the input signal in each and every level, and it has displayed the filtered output signal.
From a Bulldozer Cut to a World Heritage Site
Authors: Sheets Payson
Published: September 2020

A Salvadoran bulldozer encountered some architecture and artifacts so well preserved that it was assumed to be recent. I examined the site in 1978 and dated the thatch roofing to 1400 BP. With collaborations of volcanologists, I have investigated the Maya village for 42 years. The eruption of Loma Caldera volcano preserved the village and its landscape extraordinarily. Food is still intact in ceramic vessels, earthen buildings are preserved, and plants are intact in gardens and fields, in spite of being in a tropical wet environment. I nominated the Cerén site to the UNESCO World Heritage list, and it was accepted, as it is the best preserved ancient village in the Americas. Every season we publish our results in English and in Spanish and make them widely available. Local high school students in the past two decades are giving reenactment public performances that are highly accurate about the precursors of phreatomagmatic eruptions, the eruptions themselves, and proper emergency behavior. The result is a widespread awareness and preparedness that is greater than I could achieve with a plethora of scientific publications. I suggest that volcanologists and archaeologists consider supporting similar performances in hazardous areas, to improve risk perception and salutary emergency behavior.
Developments Made for Mechanised Extraction of Locked-Up Coal Pillars in Indian Geomining Conditions
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Kumar Dheeraj , Kumar Singh Arun , Ram Sahendra , Kumar Rakesh , Raja Mudassar , Kumar Singh Amit
Published: September 2020

Bord and Pillar method of underground mining has been used extensively to develop Indian coal seams into pillars and galleries. This results in only 20–30% recovery of coal and rest coal remain locked up in developed pillars. Indian coalfields are famous in the world for its uniqueness and complexity of the geomining conditions which makes the extraction of the locked-up coal pillars a difficult and hazardous activity using different underground mining methods. Indian mining industry has introduced mechanisation since last 10 years to deal with the various underground rock mechanics issues in order to improve the efficiency and safety during recovery of locked-up coal pillars. But mere introduction of mechanisation did not solve all the rock mechanics problems due to requirement of indigenous design of different involved geotechnical elements for Indian geomining conditions. CSIR-CIMFR is a national research organisation engaged in improving conditions of underground coal mines. It has developed rock mechanics advances, namely, design of irregular shaped heightened rib/snook, roof bolt-based breaker-line support, warning limit of roof sagging, and cut-out distance for continuous miner-based mechanised depillaring. This chapter presents the developments made and highlights challenges to pursue future research studies for mechanised depillaring-based mass coal production from Indian underground mines.
Gastrointestinal Amyloidosis in Children with Familial Mediterranean Fever Disease and Anorectal Manometry Results
Authors: Anadolulu Ali Ihsan , Durakbasa Cigdem Ulukaya , Erguven Muferret , Zemheri Itır Ebru , Gercel Gonca
Published: September 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of amyloid deposition in colon mucosa on the results of anorectal manometry test and the use of ROME III questionnaire in patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF). Methods: The files of patients diagnosed with FMF were scanned to evaluate the patients at risk for amyloid deposition. Predisposing factors were identified. The patients were sampled using anorectal manometry test, Rome III questionnaire and the rectal mucosa suction biopsy and the test results were compared. Results: 17 (63%) of the patients were female and 10 (37%) were male. The mean age was 12.15 ± 2.40 years. The number of patients with amyloid deposition in the rectal mucosa sample was 2 (7.4%). Both of these patients had regularly used colchicine. Amyloid deposition was found to be high in patients with M694V homozygous mutation (P = 0.05). According to the Rome III questionnaire, findings suggestive of irritable bowel syndrome were found in 5 patients and abdominal migraine was found in 3 patients. However, no statistical difference was found when the results of the Rome III questionnaire were compared with the results obtained from the anorectal manometry test (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Amyloidosis can be seen due to various environmental factors, regardless of age, even when colchicine is regularly used. Anorectal manometry is an easy to perform test, helping diagnosis in this patient group. Although it has been shown that in patients with predisposing factors for amyloid deposition RAIR can be detected at lower pressures in anorectal manometry, the clinical significance of this finding is unclear. Since the Rome III questionnaire showed findings consistent with functional abdominal pain disease in one third of the patients, independent of the presence of FMF, it was found that the application of this questionnaire in patients with FMF could be misleading.
A Method for Hazard Mapping Illustrated with an Example of Fire Service Interventions
Authors: Kowalczyk Anna Maria , Bajerowski Tomasz , Ogrodniczak Michał
Published: September 2020

Spatial information systems are already widely used and are commonly ap­plied in crisis management. The aim of the study was to develop a method for mapping hazards as a tool supporting crisis management processes and decision‑making processes for the purposes of security and activities of the Fire Service, and the organisation of the National Rescue and Fire System. As part of the study, formulas determining the scale of danger of each event, and a dan­ger scale factor were developed. Hazard maps were compiled using various methods of cartographic presentation, including interpolation, chorogram, and hotspot. The data used was information from the National Fire Service, from an area accepted as representative. The suggested solution proposes a new meth­od for spatial analysis which takes into account not only the number of events as such, but also the weight of hazards they generate, the specified scale of dan­gers. The conducted study indicates that the hazard map compiled using this method show more spatial relationships than raw statistical data, which en­ables a better analysis of the studied phenomenon. The end result of the study is the development of algorithms enabling the compilation of a hazard map which takes into account not only the very fact of the occurrence of a hazard but also its weight.
Serine phosphorylation regulates the P-type potassium pump KdpFABC
Authors: Sweet Marie E , Zhang Xihui , Erdjument-Bromage Hediye , Dubey Vikas , Khandelia Himanshu , Neubert Thomas A , Pedersen Bjørn P , Stokes David L
Published: September 2020

KdpFABC is an ATP-dependent K+pump that ensures bacterial survival in K+-deficient environments. Whereas transcriptional activation of kdpFABC expression is well studied, a mechanism for down-regulation when K+levels are restored has not been described. Here, we show that KdpFABC is inhibited when cells return to a K+-rich environment. The mechanism of inhibition involves phosphorylation of Ser162 on KdpB, which can be reversed in vitro by treatment with serine phosphatase. Mutating Ser162 to Alanine produces constitutive activity, whereas the phosphomimetic Ser162Asp mutation inactivates the pump. Analyses of the transport cycle show that serine phosphorylation abolishes the K+-dependence of ATP hydrolysis and blocks the catalytic cycle after formation of the aspartyl phosphate intermediate (E1~P). This regulatory mechanism is unique amongst P-type pumps and this study furthers our understanding of how bacteria control potassium homeostasis to maintain cell volume and osmotic potential.
Apelin signaling drives vascular endothelial cells toward a pro-angiogenic state
Authors: Helker Christian SM , Eberlein Jean , Wilhelm Kerstin , Sugino Toshiya , Malchow Julian , Schuermann Annika , Baumeister Stefan , Kwon Hyouk-Bum , Maischein Hans-Martin , Potente Michael , Herzog Wiebke , Stainier Didier YR
Published: September 2020

To form new blood vessels (angiogenesis), endothelial cells (ECs) must be activated and acquire highly migratory and proliferative phenotypes. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern these processes are incompletely understood. Here, we show that Apelin signaling functions to drive ECs into such an angiogenic state. Zebrafish lacking Apelin signaling exhibit defects in endothelial tip cell morphology and sprouting. Using transplantation experiments, we find that in mosaic vessels, wild-type ECs leave the dorsal aorta (DA) and form new vessels while neighboring ECs defective in Apelin signaling remain in the DA. Mechanistically, Apelin signaling enhances glycolytic activity in ECs at least in part by increasing levels of the growth-promoting transcription factor c-Myc. Moreover,APELINexpression is regulated by Notch signaling in human ECs, and its function is required for the hypersprouting phenotype in Delta-like 4 (Dll4) knockdown zebrafish embryos. These data provide new insights into fundamental principles of blood vessel formation and Apelin signaling, enabling a better understanding of vascular growth in health and disease.
Chronic postnatal chemogenetic activation of forebrain excitatory neurons evokes persistent changes in mood behavior
Authors: Pati Sthitapranjya , Saba Kamal , Salvi Sonali S , Tiwari Praachi , Chaudhari Pratik R , Verma Vijaya , Mukhopadhyay Sourish , Kapri Darshana , Suryavanshi Shital , Clement James P , Patel Anant B , Vaidya Vidita A
Published: September 2020

Early adversity is a risk factor for the development of adult psychopathology. Common across multiple rodent models of early adversity is increased signaling via forebrain Gq-coupled neurotransmitter receptors. We addressed whether enhanced Gq-mediated signaling in forebrain excitatory neurons during postnatal life can evoke persistent mood-related behavioral changes. Excitatory hM3Dq DREADD-mediated chemogenetic activation of forebrain excitatory neurons during postnatal life (P2–14), but not in juvenile or adult windows, increased anxiety-, despair-, and schizophrenia-like behavior in adulthood. This was accompanied by an enhanced metabolic rate of cortical and hippocampal glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. Furthermore, we observed reduced activity and plasticity-associated marker expression, and perturbed excitatory/inhibitory currents in the hippocampus. These results indicate that Gq-signaling-mediated activation of forebrain excitatory neurons during the critical postnatal window is sufficient to program altered mood-related behavior, as well as functional changes in forebrain glutamate and GABA systems, recapitulating aspects of the consequences of early adversity.
Genome-wide alterations of uracil distribution patterns in human DNA upon chemotherapeutic treatments
Authors: Pálinkás Hajnalka L , Békési Angéla , Róna Gergely , Pongor Lőrinc , Papp Gábor , Tihanyi Gergely , Holub Eszter , Póti Ádám , Gemma Carolina , Ali Simak , Morten Michael J , Rothenberg Eli , Pagano Michele , Szűts Dávid , Győrffy Balázs , Vértessy Beáta G
Published: September 2020

Numerous anti-cancer drugs perturb thymidylate biosynthesis and lead to genomic uracil incorporation contributing to their antiproliferative effect. Still, it is not yet characterized if uracil incorporations have any positional preference. Here, we aimed to uncover genome-wide alterations in uracil pattern upon drug treatments in human cancer cell line models derived from HCT116. We developed a straightforward U-DNA sequencing method (U-DNA-Seq) that was combined with in situ super-resolution imaging. Using a novel robust analysis pipeline, we found broad regions with elevated probability of uracil occurrence both in treated and non-treated cells. Correlation with chromatin markers and other genomic features shows that non-treated cells possess uracil in the late replicating constitutive heterochromatic regions, while drug treatment induced a shift of incorporated uracil towards segments that are normally more active/functional. Data were corroborated by colocalization studies via dSTORM microscopy. This approach can be applied to study the dynamic spatio-temporal nature of genomic uracil.
Ubiquitin-interacting motifs of ataxin-3 regulate its polyglutamine toxicity through Hsc70-4-dependent aggregation
Authors: Johnson Sean L , Ranxhi Bedri , Libohova Kozeta , Tsou Wei-Ling , Todi Sokol V
Published: September 2020

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) belongs to the family of polyglutamine neurodegenerations. Each disorder stems from the abnormal lengthening of a glutamine repeat in a different protein. Although caused by a similar mutation, polyglutamine disorders are distinct, implicating non-polyglutamine regions of disease proteins as regulators of pathogenesis. SCA3 is caused by polyglutamine expansion in ataxin-3. To determine the role of ataxin-3’s non-polyglutamine domains in disease, we utilized a new, allelic series ofDrosophila melanogaster. We found that ataxin-3 pathogenicity is saliently controlled by polyglutamine-adjacent ubiquitin-interacting motifs (UIMs) that enhance aggregation and toxicity. UIMs function by interacting with the heat shock protein, Hsc70-4, whose reduction diminishes ataxin-3 toxicity in a UIM-dependent manner. Hsc70-4 also enhances pathogenicity of other polyglutamine proteins. Our studies provide a unique insight into the impact of ataxin-3 domains in SCA3, identify Hsc70-4 as a SCA3 enhancer, and indicate pleiotropic effects from HSP70 chaperones, which are generally thought to suppress polyglutamine degeneration.
Nest-site selection and breeding success of passerines in the world’s southernmost forests
Authors: Jara Rocío Fernanda , Crego Ramiro Daniel , Samuel Michael David , Rozzi Ricardo , Jiménez Jaime Enrique
Published: September 2020

Background

Birds can maximize their reproductive success through careful selection of nest-sites. The ‘total-foliage’ hypothesis predicts that nests concealed in vegetation should have higher survival. We propose an additional hypothesis, the ‘predator proximity’ hypothesis, which states that nests placed farther from predators would have higher survival. We examined these hypotheses in the world’s southernmost forests of Navarino Island, in the Cape Horn Biosphere reserve, Chile (55°S). This island has been free of mammalian ground predators until recently, and forest passerines have been subject to depredation only by diurnal and nocturnal raptors.

Methods

During three breeding seasons (2014–2017), we monitored 104 nests for the five most abundant open-cup forest-dwelling passerines (Elaenia albiceps, Zonotrichia capensis, Phrygilus patagonicus, Turdus falcklandii, and Anairetes parulus). We identified nest predators using camera traps and assessed whether habitat characteristics affected nest-site selection and survival.

Results

Nest predation was the main cause of nest failure (71% of failed nests). Milvago chimango was the most common predator, depredating 13 (87%) of the 15 nests where we could identify a predator. By contrast, the recently introduced mammal Neovison vison, the only ground predator, depredated one nest (7%). Species selected nest-sites with more understory cover and taller understory, which according to the total-foliage hypothesis would provide more concealment against both avian and mammal predators. However, these variables negatively influenced nest survival. The apparent disconnect between selecting nest-sites to avoid predation and the actual risk of predation could be due to recent changes in the predator assemblage driven by an increased abundance of native M. chimango associated with urban development, and/or the introduction of exotic mammalian ground predators to this island. These predator assemblage changes could have resulted in an ecological trap. Further research will be needed to assess hypotheses that could explain this mismatch between nest-site selection and nest survival.