bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aberrant Spontaneous Brain Activity and its Association with Cognitive Function in Non-Obese Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Resting-State fMRI Study
Authors: Xu Jia-Li , Gu Jia-Ping , Wang Li-Yan , Zhu Qian-Ru , You Ning-Ning , Li Jie , Li Jie , Shi Jun-Ping
Published: January 2023

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been proven to be associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, and this association is more significant in non-obese NAFLD populations, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. Our study aimed to explore the abnormalities of spontaneous brain activity in non-obese NAFLD patients by resting-state fMRI (RS-fMRI) and their relationship with cognitive function. Methods: 19 non-obese NAFLD, 25 obese NAFLD patients, and 20 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. All subjects underwent RS-fMRI scan, psychological scale assessment, and biochemical examination. After RS-fMRI data were preprocessed, differences in low-frequency fluctuation amplitude (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC) were compared among the three groups. Furthermore, the relationship between RS-fMRI indicators and cognitive and clinical indicators were performed using correlation analysis. Results: The cognitive function was declined in both NAFLD groups. Compared with obese NAFLD patients, non-obese NAFLD patients showed increased ALFF and ReHo in the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG), increased ReHo in the sensorimotor cortex and reduced FC between left MTG and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Compared with HC, non-obese NAFLD patients showed increased ALFF and ReHo in the left calcarine cortex and fusiform gyrus (FG), decreased ALFF in the bilateral cerebellum, and reduced FC between left FG and right IFG and left angular gyrus. In addition to the same results, obese patients showed increased activity in different regions of the bilateral cerebellum, while decreased ALFF in the right superior frontal gyrus and ReHo in the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Correlation analysis showed that in non-obese patients, the ALFF values in the FG and the FC values between the left MTG and the right IFG were associated with cognitive decline, insulin resistance, and fasting glucose disorder. Conclusions: Non-obese NAFLD patients showed abnormal local spontaneous activity and FC in regions involved in the sensorimotor, temporo-occipital cortex, cerebellum, and reward system (such as OFC), some of which may be the potential neural mechanism difference from obese NAFLD patients. In addition, the temporo-occipital cortex may be a vulnerable target for cognitive decline in non-obese NAFLD patients.
Perioperative Safety of Bilateral Internal Thoracic Artery Coronary Bypass in Elderly
Authors: Chaban Ryan , Ghazy Ahmed , Treede Hendrik
Published: January 2023

Background: The benefits of utilizing internal thoracic arteries (ITAs) in coronary bypass surgery are well-known. However, the safety of this practice in elderly patients needs to be proven. Methods: We studied all patients who are 75 years of age and older, who received at least one ITA graft while undergoing isolated, conventional (median sternotomy) coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) between Jan 1st 2002 and Dec 31st 2020 (19 years). Emergent surgeries were excluded. Propensity score matching was used to reduce the patient selection effect. Study outcomes were 30-days mortality, and two sets of dependent intraoperative parameters and postoperative parameters. Results: A total of 1855 patients undergoing CABG was included, of which 1114 received a single left (s)ITA and 741 received combined left and right (d)ITA grafts. 519 pairs were matched. The decision for sITA or dITA was made individually. Thirty-days mortality was low and similar in both groups (sITA 3.3%; dITA 2.9%, p = 0.859). The incidence of sternal wound healing disorder was higher after dITA (3.3 vs 6.9%; p < 0.011), which had also a longer skin-to-skin operative time (181 vs 205 min; p < 0.0001). Re-thoracotomy rates were similar (4.6 vs 6.2%; p = 0.340). There were no significant differences in other secondary parameters. Conclusions: harvesting both ITAs in elderly patients is safe and feasible. However, it increases the risk of sternal wound healing disorders. Long term benefit still needs to be proven.
Anti-Inflammatory Therapy in Coronary Artery Disease: Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Rakocevic Jelena , Dobric Milan , Borovic Milica Labudovic , Milutinovic Katarina , Milenkovic Sanela , Tomasevic Miloje
Published: January 2023

Inflammation plays an important role in all stages of atherosclerosis — from endothelial dysfunction, to formation of fatty streaks and atherosclerotic plaque, and its progression to serious complications, such as atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Although dyslipidemia is a key driver of atherosclerosis, pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is now considered interplay between cholesterol and inflammation, with the significant role of the immune system and immune cells. Despite modern therapeutic approaches in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention, cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. In order to reduce residual cardiovascular risk, despite the guidelines-guided optimal medical therapy, novel therapeutic strategies are needed for prevention and management of coronary artery disease. One of the innovative and promising approaches in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease might be inflammation-targeted therapy. Numerous experimental and clinical studies are seeking into metabolic pathways underlying atherosclerosis, in order to find the most suitable pathway and inflammatory marker/s that should be the target for anti-inflammatory therapy. Many anti-inflammatory drugs have been tested, from the well-known broad range anti-inflammatory agents, such as colchicine, allopurinol and methotrexate, to targeted monoclonal antibodies specifically inhibiting a molecule included in inflammatory pathway, such as canakinumab and tocilizumab. To date, there are no approved anti-inflammatory agents specifically indicated for silencing inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease. The most promising results came from the studies which tested colchicine, and studies where the inflammatory-target was NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome/interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)/interleukin-6 (IL-6)/C-reactive protein (CRP) pathway. A growing body of evidence, along with the ongoing clinical studies, suggest that the anti-inflammatory therapy might become an additional strategy in treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Herein we present an overview of the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis, the most important inflammatory markers chosen as targets of anti-inflammatory therapy, along with the critical review of the major clinical trials which tested non-targeted and targeted anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
On the Robust design for IoT-based Wireless Information and Power Transmission network
Authors: Nguyen-Duy-Nhat Vien , T. P. Le Mai
Published: January 2023

This work investigates the robust beamforming for a multi-antenna internet of things (IoT) system using wireless information and power transmission (WIPT), given that imperfect channel state information (CSI) assumption is accounted.In particular, we investigate the problem of maximizing the worst-case energy harvested, taking into account the quality of service (QoS) constraint of user rate. The proposed problem is naturally a nonconvex problem, which is hard to tackle directly. On one hand, we rely on a classical method, that is semidefinite programming problem (SDP), to handle this by transforming the original nonconvex optimization problem with infinite number of constraints to a relaxed convex one. On the other hand, we propose another algorithm using Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS) approach that can effciently solve the formulated problem. In the end, numerical results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the SDP-based algorithm in comparison with that of the SOS-based algorithm.
Single-image Dehazing using Detail Enhancement and Image Fusion
Authors: D. Hien Nguyen , V. Tho Nguyen , Q. Hieu Nguyen , H.H. Cuong Nguyen , T.M. Hanh Tran , H. Vu Tran
Published: January 2023

Haze is the suspension of atmospheric particles which is sufficient to reduce the visibility. Image dehazing refers to the processing tasks that lessen this negative effect. In this work, an alternative approach to single-image dehazing is developed which skips solving the haze formation equation, while still respects its hypothesis. In this method, we generated multiple under-exposed images from a single hazy input, followed by a detail enhancement process. Such resulting images were then merged using weights calculated based on the Dark Channel Prior assumption and overcame luminance enhancement. The visual improvement has been validated by both qualitative and quantitative evaluations.
The destruction of besieged Leningrad in diaries, letters, photographs and paintings of eyewitnesses
Authors: Piankevich Vladimir
Published: January 2023

The article deals with the problem of perception and description of destruction in written and visual sources. The dynamics of changing attitudes towards the ruins, emotional reactions and behavior of the townspeople, as well as the reproduction of what they saw in texts and visual documents are traced. The article is based on documents of the Blockade's period (diaries, letters, photographs, paintings), as well as evidence of blockade survivors (memoirs, interviews, paintings) of a later time.
A review of Implementation of Smart Data in IoT Technologies
Authors: Shehzadi Tabinda
Published: January 2023

A review of Implementation of Smart Data in IoT Technologies
Portofolio logika
Authors: petrus salma
Published: January 2023

Negasi adalah salah satu materi yang ditemukan dalamlogika matematika. Logika matematika adalah cabangmatematika yang mengandung kajian logika matematis danaplikasi kajian ini pada bidang-bidang lain di luarmatematika. Salah satu yang dipelajari dalam logika adalahnegasi.Negasi adalah pola yang digunakan untukmengungkapkan sebuah ingkaran. Materi negasi adalahmateri yang bisa digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.Selain matematika, negasi adalah cara berpikir yangdigunakan di banyak aspek kehidupan.
A single nucleotide variant on chromosome 3 residing within DGKG distinguishes patients with normal-like breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: January 2023

Molecular subtypes including the normal-like subtype drive patient outcomes in human breast cancer but the biological basis underlying subtype-specific disease is not completely understood (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to discover in an unbiased fashion the most distinguishing genetic and transcriptional features of tumors of each breast cancer molecular subtype. We identified a single nucleotide polymorphism, rs4686741, residing within DGKG, as among the most significant genetic differences in the tumors of patients with normal-like breast cancer. In a separate cohort of patients with normal-like subtype breast cancer, we observed transcriptome-wide differential expression of a DGKG transcript. Analysis of patient survival data revealed that DGKG primary tumor expression was correlated with overall survival in patients with luminal A and luminal B breast cancer. Sequence variation in the DGKG gene may be important in understanding differences in genetic background that favor development of normal-like subtype human breast cancer.
The Effect of Recurring Expenditure Financed by External Grants on Promoting Sustainable Economic Development of Sub-Saharan Africa Countries
Authors: Ola Aranuwa Felix
Published: January 2023

The Effect of Recurring Expenditure Financed by ExternalGrants on Promoting Sustainable Economic Developmentof Sub-Saharan Africa Countries
Empirical Analysis of the Effect of Public Debt on the Economic Growth of Nigeria
Authors: Kalu Fijoh , Boniface Iheaturu Ikechukwu
Published: January 2023

For adequate economic growth and development, a country’s savings may not equate her desired investments in goods and services. When deficit exist, a country will always bring out means to finance the deficit. Such financing in most cases is through debts from both internal external sources. The objectives of the study are to determine the effect of public debts proxied as internal debts, external debts and interest rate on economic growth proxied as gross domestic product. The study applied ex-post facto design with secondary data as instrument for data collection. Multiple regression model, applying ordinary least square regression was used for analysis. Findings showed that external debts have significant negative impacts on GDP while internal debts showed significant positive impacts on GDP. There is also high cost of borrowed fund it is recommended that Government should make sure that all borrowed fund is judiciously used. They should exhaust internal means of borrowing before resorting to external debts. Also creating the enabling environment that will make public debt to achieve the purpose for which it was borrowed.
Cloud Computing Data Storage Schemes to Preserve Privacy: A brief Summary
Authors: Tahir Fatima
Published: January 2023

Cloud Computing Data Storage Schemes to Preserve Privacy: A brief Summary
Matematika dan pengembangan kurikulum
Authors: cahyani Sri dewi
Published: January 2023

Pengembangan kurikulum adalah proses perencanaan dan penyusunan kurikulum oleh pengembangan kurikulum dan kegiatan yang dilakukan agar kurikulum yang dihasilkan dapat menjadi bahan ajar dan acuan digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan nasional
A single nucleotide variant on chromosome 18, rs292298, distinguishes patients with normal-like breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: January 2023

Molecular subtypes including the normal-like subtype drive patient outcomes in human breast cancer but the biological basis underlying subtype-specific disease is not completely understood (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5) to discover in an unbiased fashion the most distinguishing genetic features of tumors of each breast cancer molecular subtype. We identified a single nucleotide polymorphism on chromosome 18, rs292298, as among the most significant genetic differences in the tumors of patients with normal-like breast cancer. Sequence variation at rs292298 may be important in understanding differences in genetic background that favor development of normal-like subtype human breast cancer.
Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy: Lafora Disease - Clinical and Genetic Findings
Authors: Hua Tan Kian
Published: January 2023

Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy: Lafora Disease - Clinical andGenetic Findings
Users Intention Towards Digital Financial Service Adoption in Ethiopia
Authors: Nabeel Rao
Published: January 2023

Users Intention Towards Digital Financial Service Adoptionin Ethiopia
Metode-Metode Antropologi Hukum
Authors: Ravikurniawan
Published: January 2023

Antropologi secara etimologis berasal dari bahasa Yunani. Kata Anthropos berarti manusia dan logos berarti ilmu pengetahuan. Jadi, antropologi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari manusia. Oleh karena itu antropologi di dasarkan pada kemajuan yang telah dicapai ilmu pengetahuna sebelumnya. Dalam ilmu antropologi hukum dipelajari mengenai peran, status atau kedudukan, nilai, norma dan kebudayaan. Semua ini sangat erat kaitannya dengan ilmu antropologi hukum. Sebelum berdirinya Komunisme, magistrate – magistrate Tiongkok, misalnya, tidak berurusan dengan menginterpretasi dan menerapkan aturan hukum untuk kasus - kasus konflik yang terjadi, namun menggunakan aturan hukum hanya sebagai pedoman teladan yang sangat berguna tetapi tidak harus diteladani dalam kasus konkrit.
Community-Driven Recommendations for Enhancing Transgender Youth’s Engagement in Mental Health Care
Authors: Collins Lisa , Rakhilin Marina , Johansen Kara , Price Maggi
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Transgender and non-binary youth (TNBY) are significantly more likely to have serious mental health problems (e.g., anxiety, suicidality) compared to cisgender youth due to their greater exposure to discrimination - both within and outside of mental health care settings. Though TNBY may benefit from mental health treatment, most therapists are not trained in best practices with TNBY. As part of a larger project focused on developing a therapist training in best practices, we conducted focus groups with TNBY to identify provider behaviors associated with engaging treatment.Methods: Three virtual focus groups with TNBY (n=6; 18-23 years) representing multiple genders (n=2 transgender males, n=4 nonbinary youth) and races (n=2 Asian, n=1 Black/African American, n=2 White, n=1 multiracial). Participants were asked about provider behaviors and knowledge they viewed as critical to effectively supporting TNBY and about their historical experiences in therapy (e.g., what caused them to start, continue, or stop going to therapy). Results: Participants identified 5 practices associated with mental health treatment engagement. (1) Always ask for your clients’ affirmed names and pronouns, including where, when, and with whom you should use these names/pronouns, as the client may not be out in all spaces of their life. (2) Use your clients’ affirmed names and pronouns in all spaces when you have their permission (e.g., sessions, clinical team meetings, paperwork), regardless of their presence. Spend time practicing using your clients’ affirmed name pronouns correctly outside of sessions if needed. (3) Understand the amount of harm that can be caused by outing your client, and refrain from doing so intentionally or unintentionally. (4) Educate yourself about best practices in working with TNBY. Do not rely on your client to educate you unless they tell you that they find this process empowering. (5) Ask your TNBY clients for feedback, especially during the first several sessions, and respond non-defensively.Discussion: TNBY identified concrete therapist practices associated with treatment engagement. Findings underscore the need for therapists to be trained in best practices for engaging TNBY in therapy. With respect to research, findings highlight the importance of including TNBY and other minoritized populations in the identification of best practices in treatment engagement.
An approach of Criminals Detecting using Illicit Networks
Authors: Tahir Fatima
Published: January 2023

An approach of Criminals Detecting using Illicit Networks
Kumpulan soal logika Matematika
Authors: Ohoiwutun Kostantina
Published: January 2023

Kumpulan soal pilihan ganda logika Matematika
Pariwisata Berkelanjutan: Analisis terhadap Metode, Topik, dan Aplikasinya pada Jurnal Pariwisata Indonesia
Authors: Asmoro Agung Yoga
Published: January 2023

Kajian ini berangkat dari studi observasi terhadap artikel penelitian pariwisata berkelanjutan yang dipublikasikan pada jurnal pariwisata nasional yang terakreditasi SINTA (Science and Technology Index) yang dianalisis dengan metode analisis isi (content analysis). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang lebih utuh tentang apa dan bagaimana manifestasi artikel penelitian pariwisata berkelanjutan di Indonesia selama ini dilakukan khususnya pada aspek metode, topik, dan aplikasinya. Jurnal pariwisata menempati fraksi kecil (0,43%) dari jurnal nasional terakreditasi SINTA, dimana terdapat 26 jurnal pariwisata dengan 304 artikel dari 267 peneliti utama yang berasal dari 16 negara berbeda yang melakukan riset pariwisata berkelanjutan. Keterwakilan peneliti internasional belum signifikan, dan mayoritas kontributor jurnal adalah peneliti pemula. Metode deskriptif kualitatif merupakan pilihan utama peneliti. Topik pengembangan, ekowisata, tata kelola, masyarakat, dan desa merupakan yang paling dominan dikaji. Aplikasi kajian cukup merata pada dimensi pariwisata berkelanjutan dan area geografis, namun kurang pada pemangku kepentingan dan fungsi-fungsi pengelolaan. Kajian ini mengimplementasikan pendekatan analisis isi manuskrip kuantitatif sehingga analisis laten dan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis korelasional tidak dilakukan secara mendalam. Beberapa implikasi dari kajian ini diantaranya: 1) memberikan ruang untuk penelitian lanjutan berupa pendalaman riset kualitatif dengan menginklusikan analisis korelasional serta melakukan wawancara kepada peneliti untuk mengungkapkan alasan dan motivasi melakukan penelitian pariwisata berkelanjutan 2) menyisakan ruang pengkajian perbedaan filosofis paradigma penelitian pariwisata berkelanjutan (positivisme, interpretivisme, atau kajian kritis), termasuk melihat dari sisi aksiologis, ontologis dan epistemologisnya 3) mencoba mensimulasikan hasil temuan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif untuk memproyeksikan kondisi penelitian pariwisata di masa yang akan datang.
System of Novel Binomial Coefficients and Series
Authors: Annamalai Chinnaraji
Published: January 2023

This paper presents a system of novel binomial coefficients used in the combinatorial geometric series. Also, a theorem is newly introduced in this article. This idea can enable the scientific researchers to solve the real life problems.
SISTEM EKONOMI KAPITALISME
Authors: Nuraeni
Published: January 2023

Kapitalisme awal dimulai dengan lahirnya institusi pasar (market) pada abad ke-16 dan dilanjutkan dengan perkembangan perdagangan jarak jauh antar pusat-pusat kapitalisme dunia. Pada akhir abad pertengahan (abad 16 sampai 18), Industri di Inggris sedang terkonsentrasi pada industri sandang. Industri sandang di Inggris menjadi industri sandang terbesar di Eropa. Meskipun banyak masalah yang di hadapi akan tetapi industri sandang di Ingris menjadi industri yang sangat pesat. Industri sandang inilah yang menjadi pelopor lahirnya kapitalisme di Eropa sebagai suatu sistem sosial dan ekonomi. Kemudian industri ini berlanjut pada usaha perkapalan, pergudangan, bahan- bahan mentah, barang-barang jadi dan variasi bentuk kekayaan yang lain. Dan kemudian berubah menjadi perluasan kapasitas produksi.
Soal logika annisa
Authors: saputri Annisa hardiyanti
Published: January 2023

KunciJawabanJawaban:APara ahli meyakini bahwa orang pertama yang melakukan pemikiran sistematismengenailogikaadalahfilsufbesarYunani,yaituAristoteles(384-322M).Aristoteles adalah pemikir pertama yang merancang sebuah sistem berpikir denganmenggunakanlogika.Jawaban:BIstilahlogikayangberkembanghinggasaatinisebenarnyamerupakansebuahistilahyang oleh Aristoteles dinamakan “analitika”, yaitu sebuah penyelidikan terhadapargumentasi-argumentasiyangbertitik-tolakdari putusan-putusanyangbenar.Jawaban:DProposisi berdasarkan bentuk di bagi menjadi dua yaitu proposisi tunggal danproposisimajemuk.
A single nucleotide variant on chromosome 18 residing within LMAN1 distinguishes patients with normal-like breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: January 2023

Molecular subtypes including the normal-like subtype drive patient outcomes in human breast cancer but the biological basis underlying subtype-specific disease is not completely understood (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to discover in an unbiased fashion the most distinguishing genetic and transcriptional features of tumors of each breast cancer molecular subtype. We identified a single nucleotide polymorphism, rs1984357, residing within LMAN1, as among the most significant genetic differences in the tumors of patients with normal-like breast cancer. In a separate cohort of patients with normal-like subtype breast cancer, we observed transcriptome-wide differential expression of a LMAN1 transcript. Analysis of patient survival data revealed that LMAN1 primary tumor expression was correlated with distant metastasis-free survival in patients with HER2+ breast cancer. Sequence variation in the LMAN1 gene may be important in understanding differences in genetic background that favor development of normal-like subtype human breast cancer.
Professional Development of English Language Teachers in Ecuador: Teachers’ Digital Competences for the Hybrid Education
Authors: Constante Cristina Macías , Villafuerte-Holguín Jhonny
Published: January 2023

This work aims to socialize an educational intervention to strengthen the digital skills of primary education teachers in the province of Manabí in Ecuador. It resorts to the socio-criticism paradigm and a mixed research approach to study the variable digital competencies of English language teachers from Manabí, Ecuador. The main instrument used is the European Digital Competences Framework, adjusted to the cultural conditions of Ecuador in formats of interviews and contextualized observation. The results show the participants' self-assessment of digital competence, the presentation of an educational intervention aimed at strengthening digital competence, and the observations of the changes in the participants' performance in digital competencies. It concludes that the participants managed to improve digital competence through a training process using educational platforms and computer applications for the planning and execution of school activities.
Gaps and opportunities in preventing and countering violent extremism: empirical insights and reflections from participatory research in Northwest Nigeria
Authors: Okpara Uche , Treasure Lilian
Published: January 2023

Violent extremism (VE) represents a serious challenge to public safety. Measures to prevent and counter it often crosscut multiple intervention areas and practices. However, enquiries into existing gaps and opportunities in preventing and countering violent extremism (P/CVE) in regions experiencing multiple forms of violence have so far been preliminary, with scant context-specific evidence to inform better preventative strategies. Here, we assemble and analyse diverse data bothering on VE and P/CVE issues in northwest Nigeria generated through a combination of multiple methods: desk reviews, scoping visit, telephone interviews, young citizens panels, expert workshop and consensus conference. Our data cover issues around local support for violent extremist groups, people’s motivation for joining VE activities, spread and level of risks of recruitment and radicalisation, collaborative strengths of organisations working on P/CVE issues, and local prevention, intervention and response efforts. We find that ideological support for VE groups exists, mirroring the prevalence of shared religious beliefs, ethnic nationalism and political philosophy between affected communities and VE groups. Policies and practices empowering people to build alliances against radical ideologies from within specific ideological communities are severely lacking. These – in combination with VE root causes and motivations - heighten the risks of radicalisation and recruitment. Moreover, two-thirds of current P/CVE policies address VE as a security challenge as against confronting it as a social issue, demonstrating the primacy of militarised responses over ‘soft power’ measures. In addition, affected communities view defence and intelligence measures as exclusionary and less sensitive to human rights protection and local needs for citizens empowerment and community resilience. Our findings mirror gaps in P/CVE efforts in fragile settings, highlighting ways in which P/CVE opportunities around participation, prevention and protection can be maximised to close critical intervention gaps.
“Paraboloids”, “lattice figures” and “poles with canvases” (petroglyphic images and ethnographic parallels)
Authors:   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (the Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kisel Vladimir
Published: January 2023

The article is focused on the study of the geometric petroglyphs of Southern Siberia and Mongolia. All of them are characterized by the presence of anthropomorphic features. The petroglyphs were divided into three complexes. The first complex is a parabola with a recess at the top and a pair of “legs” at the bottom. The second one is a combination of rectangles and trapezoids with “legs”. Sometimes they have “heads”, “hands” and “vulvas”. The third one is poles with crossbars, on which rectangular canvases with fringe are suspended. According to archaeologists, the first complex dating back to the Eneolithic — the Bronze Age belongs to the Chemurchek and Karakol cultures, the second to the Afanasiev and Karakol cultures, and the third to the Okunevo culture. The latest is the third complex, which belongs to the final stage of the Okunevo culture. Based on the results of a comparative analysis of ethnographic materials, it can be assumed that the petroglyphs of the first complex depicted people hidden under shoots, grass or straw. These mummers during the rituals represented vegetative spirits. The petroglyphs of the second complex, which were characteristic attributes used on holidays and rituals associated with the change of seasons are presented by dummies in the form of women. The petroglyphs of the third complex had a memorial character, depicting models of the deceased in the form of a cross with suspended shrouds. In general, all the complexes reflected different variants (or stages?) of anthropomorphic modeling: a mummer—a dummy (doll)—a model..
Bronze seal from the Duryony settlement and the elite Xiongnu complex of the Tsaram burial ground
Authors:   The State Hermitage Museum, Nikolaev Nikolay
Published: January 2023

The changes triggered by the emergence of the Xiongnu state, which occupied a dominant position in Central Asia at the end of the 1st millennium BC, radically influenced the fate of the nomadic and settled agricultural world. By this time, the process of transformation of traditional institutions of Xiongnu society had been basically completed and a rather complex management system with an extensive hierarchical structure had been formed. The seals were one of the symbols of the new system. Being a confirmation of social status seals were in circulation by the Xiongnu society up to its complete degradation. More than forty years ago, a bronze seal of the Xiongnu was found during the archaeological excavations of the Duryony settlement in Trans-Baikal region. This find still remains unique. In the publications focused on it, the main attention was paid to the style and composition of the carved image, as well as issues related to the appearance of seals among the Xiongnu and the role assigned to them in public life. In this study, the seal from the Duryony settlement is considered in the context of the results of large-scale archaeological studies of the complexes of the Xiongnu elite, carried out in Mongolia and Trans-Baikal area in the early 2000s. The observations made allow us to argue that the seal could belong to one of the representatives of the clan nobility buried in the Tsaramskaya valley, who ruled remote territories on the northern borders of the Xiongnu state, or someone from their entourage.
Consequences of COVID-19 on children's learning and their responses
Authors: Maharjan Shyam Krishna , Devkota Bhimsen
Published: January 2023

This article briefly highlights the effects of COVID-19 on schoolchildren's learning and their needs. The global COVID-19 pandemic has had a detrimental effect on the education system, among others. Lockdowns and school closures during COVID-19 reduced children's learning opportunities, leading to a long-term impact on their ability to learn. The learning loss is yet to be known as the world is still suffering from the virus and its variants. Teachers have struggled to complete the course and students were under pressure to study many lessons in a short window of time in order to make up for the school time lost during the pandemic. Because of vaccination including the booster dose against COVID-19, in addition to other preventive and control measures adopted by the public, the prevalence of COVID-19 has reduced. The government of Nepal and other stakeholders have made a decision to reopen schools and continue facilitating student learning face-to-face and through alternative teaching-learning approaches, ensuring health promoting school.
Multilevel factors appealing to junk food consumption among school children and adolescents: A systematic review
Authors: Upreti Yadu R. , Acharya Devaraj , Yogi Belpatra Nath , Devkota Bhimsen , Bhandari Tulsi Ram
Published: January 2023

Junk food consumption (JFC) is increasing and it is common mostly among schoolchildren and adolescents (SCA). The consequences of JFC have become a public health concern. The study aims to explore the factors associated with the JFC among SCA using the socioecological model (SEM). Electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and bibliographic references were used to obtain the related papers following the standard process of identification, screening, eligibility assessment, study quality assessment, and data extraction from the selected articles. Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in the epidemiological (STROBE) checklist was used to assess the quality standards of the papers. Out of the 785 papers, we synthesized the results from 22 quantitative articles based on merits. The findings of the study indicate that JFC behavior among the SCA is influenced by multilevel factors that extend from intrapersonal to public policy through interpersonal, organizational, and community levels. The results of the study suggest that more than two-thirds, more than one-third, near to one-third, and half of them supported with microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem constructs of the SEM respectively. However, age, sex/gender, taste and pleasure of eating junk food, knowledge of junk food and attitude towards dietary choices of the microsystem (individual factors) and mass media exposure and marketing strategies of the macrosystem (public policy factors) remain the most influencing systems. The results indicate that individual and public policy level constructs are important to explaining JFC among the SCA. This implies that the researchers and policymakers need to consider multilevel factors while designing and implementing the school-based nutrition education programme to promote healthy dietary outcomes in the SCA.
Experiences of key populations in getting and sharing HIV and AIDS-related information: A descriptive phenomenological study
Authors: Pahadi Toya Nath
Published: January 2023

Despite the long-running targeted communication programs, the concentrated HIV epidemic in key populations has not declined as expectedin Nepal.In this context, the present descriptive phenomenological study was carried out in Nepalgunj Submetropolitan City to explore the experiences of key populations in getting and sharing HIV and AIDS-related information. In-depth interviews were carried out with nine participants selected through snowball sampling from sexual minority people, and female sex workers. Colaizzi’s descriptive phenomenological analysis method was adopted in data analysis. Participants were increasingly using digital means of communication. Peer approach was experienced as more confidential and training in drop-in-center a friendly mode of communication. Experiences of embarrassment, stigma, and discrimination were also prevalent. The findings of this study indicate HIV communication needs to be easily accessible, confidential, and friendly.
Trend of tobacco use: Reviewing the STEPS surveys conducted in Nepal
Authors: Mandal Anil Kumar
Published: January 2023

The trend of tobacco use has changed over time in the world including Nepal. This study aimed to describe the trend of tobacco use in Nepal, is based on the review of the findings of three consecutive STEP wise approaches to non-communicable disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS) survey 2007, conducted by Society for Local Integrated Development Nepal (SOLID Nepal), and STEPS surveys 2013 and 2019, conducted by Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC). This study only compared the proportion of people who consumed tobacco during these surveys based on sex, age group, and age of initiation of tobacco use to describe the trend of tobacco use. The trend of any tobacco use, smoked tobacco use, and smokeless tobacco (SLT) use declined to 28.9% from 37.1%, to 17.1% from 26.2%, and to 18.3% from 18.6%, respectively during the period of 2007 to 2019. It shows that the prevalence of any tobacco use, smoked tobacco use and SLT use were in decreasing trend among men and women. In order to reduce it further, the government should conduct tobacco cessation programs considering SLT.
Educational association with zoonotic related knowledge and practices of livestock farmers in selective districts of Nepal
Authors: Bagale Kosh Bilash , Adhikari Ramesh , Acharya Devaraj
Published: January 2023

This study aims to assess the educational association with knowledge and preventive practices of livestock farmers toward the common zoonoses. A descriptive cross- sectional quantitative research design was followed in the study. The total sample size was 380 livestock farmers from randomly selected three districts of Nepal. Systematic sampling technique was applied for data collection. The data were calculated using descriptive statistics. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed. The majority of the respondents (52.4%) had basic level education. Similarly, more than two-thirds (67.6%) adopted agro-farming and less than one in ten (7.9%) had livestock as a major occupation in their households. In this study bird flu (95.8%) and rabies (90.7%) are highly known zoonoses and swine flu is average (54.2%) in terms of respondents' knowledge. The finding shows that a large number of respondents with higher education had good knowledge about zoonoses and followed better zoonoses preventive practices. Among the higher educated respondents; practice to avoid sick animal consumption was 86.7 percent, practice to children avoiding livestock contact was 45.5 percent, pregnant women avoiding livestock exposure was 49 percent and pre-exposure vaccination practices was 55.8 percent which showed significant statistical association with their level of education. However, a significant number of respondents with higher education still were unaware about many common zoonoses and poor preventive practices. Therefore; education should be accessible in every community whereas; health education with specific zoonoses in the school curriculum and zoonoses related training for livestock farmers should be warranted.
Assessing the effectiveness of a menstrual hygiene management and sexual and reproductive health education program in post-earthquake Nepal
Authors: Baumann Sara E. , Anwer Hiba , Lhaki Pema , Burke Jessica G.
Published: January 2023

This study assesses the effectiveness of a menstrual hygiene management (MHM) and sexual and reproductive health (SRH), school-based education program conducted in Dhading, Nepal after the 2015 mega-earthquake. The intervention aimed to improve MHM/SRH knowledge among adolescent girls on a range of topics including adolescence, female anatomy, menstruation, and more. Quantitative data were collected via cross-sectional, self-administered, community-based surveys after the 2015 earthquake with 3,319 adolescent girls in grades 7-9 in Dhading district. Data were collected using the same survey tool before and after the intervention and responses were compared using SAS 9.4. Before the intervention, the median MHM/SRH knowledge score was 50% of the pre-test questions answered correctly. After the intervention, the median MHM/SRH knowledge score improved to 73% of the post-test questions answered correctly. Topics with the greatest percentage improvements between pre- and post-tests included age of menarche (from 20.5% to 60.0%), timing of taking emergency contraceptive pills after unsafe sexual contact (from 14.8% to 54.1%), and approaches for managing menstrual pain (from 42.2% to 77.1%). The school-based MHM/SRH educational intervention led to significant improvements in participant MHM/SRH knowledge. Equipping girls with accurate information about MHM/SRH long before a disaster occurs by embedding the information into the national school curriculum is one way to ensure they are prepared with key information required to manage MHM/SRH needs if another disaster occurs.
Comparison of Different Resolution Satellite Imageries for Forest Carbon Quantification
Authors: Shrestha Him Lal
Published: January 2023

The current trend of the monitoring of the forest involves the measurement of aboveground forest biomass carbon using the multisource forest inventory techniques. The multisource forest inventory techniques involve the multiple data inputs such as GIS, Remote sensing, GPS, field measurement and existing information. The remote sensing data are useful for the quantification of aboveground forest carbon using the spectral and spatial characteristics of the data. The application of remote sensing data for the forest carbon quantification may enhance the efficiency in terms of resource allocation, time spent and interoperability and ultimately support the efficient National Forest Monitoring System as a basis for the REDD (+) implementation in future. The study tried to compare the methods and results from the multispatial resolution satellite imageries for the quantification of forest biomass carbon i.e. Landsat TM(30m), RapidEye (5/6.5m) and WorldView PAN (0.5m). The medium resolution imageries like Landsat and RapidEye images have scope to process at the plot level where as WorldView PAN has scope to process upto the tree by tree level. Thus the methods of operation involves mainly two stream i.e. NDVI extraction for the plot average for Landsat and RapidEye data and CPA analysis for the individual tree for WorldView data. The result shows the higher R2 (0.6) relation in CPA method rather than the NDVI relation with the total forest carbon if we see the linear relations. While we see the polynomial relation, we get the R2 value of 0.77 from the NDVI value of RapidEye which support conclude the use of WorldView PAN image and RapidEye image for the quantification of forest carbon.
Data Acquisition for Search, Rescue and Relief Operation in Affected Areas Caused by Natural Disaster
Authors: Sharma Rabin Kaji
Published: January 2023

Nepal is vulnerable to number of disaster and consequently has to bear loss of properties and infrastructures as well as human and cattle lives. In such circumstances, responsible authority should response for search, rescue and relief operation for the affected people due to disaster. In order to perform this job, they need spatial data of the affected areas and social data and information related to the disaster. There are several options for acquisition of such data and this paper tries to recommend for adopting a suitable mechanism. Every part of the world would experiences disaster either due to natural phenomenon or due to human negligence. Bigger the magnitude of the disaster, bigger will be the amount of destruction. When there is loss or damage of the properties, infrastructures and lives then responsible authority should assess the damage and should act promptly to support the affected people and should prepare plan to stabilize the situation caused by the disaster. Basis to prepare the plan is the data and information collected aftermath of the disaster. There are several methods for collection and should choose the appropriate mechanism so that the necessary data and information should be collected in a short span of time, should obtain reliable data and information and the procedure should be economical. Based on the data and information collected, the responsible organization should response for the search, rescue and relief operation.
Exploring Spatial Data Sharing Factors and Strategies for Catchment Management Authorities in Australia
Authors: Paudyal Dev Raj , Mcdougall Kevin , Apan Armando
Published: January 2023

Spatial information plays a significant role in addressing many decision making process including the catchment decisions. Spatial data sharing is recognized as one of the important components in spatial data infrastructure design and development. This research develops spatial data sharing strategies for the implementation of improved spatial data sharing arrangements between catchment management authorities (CMAs) and state government organizations in Australia. A mixed method research approach was utilized to collect both quantitative and qualitative data from 56 CMAs and the embedded design framework was used for the synthesis and interpretation of the results. The national survey data and case study data were collected and analyzed sequentially using the mixed method design framework. Within, the case study, social network analysis was introduced for analyzing data sharing and provides a new perspective on assessing spatial data sharing relationship. The supplemental case study analysis embedded within a larger national survey provided a supportive role and enhanced the findings from the national survey. The key factors which influence spatial data sharing between state government organizations and CMAs were identified and classified into six major classes as governance, economic, policy, legal, cultural and technical. The nontechnical factors (governance, policy, economic, legal and cultural) were found to be more significant in comparison with the technical factor. Based on these findings, fourteen data sharing strategies were developed. The study suggests that the adoption and implementation of these strategies can assist in overcoming the spatial data sharing issues and hence will contribute to improved spatial data sharing arrangements between regional CMAs and state government organizations in Australia.
Technical Deficiencies and Human Factors in Land Disputes: in the Context of Nepalese Cadastral Surveying
Authors: Bhatta Ganesh Prasad
Published: January 2023

in 1964 to support the Land Reform Programme launched by His Majesty’s Government of Nepal. Survey Department looks after these activities from the beginning. The activities are still in practice. The Cadastral Surveying (CS) is the foundation of land administration/management activities in Nepal. Inaccuracies and ineffectiveness in CS activities are the reasons for some of the cases of land disputes that exist in the Nepalese society. The reasons of inaccuracies and ineffectiveness in these activities have been considered in two broader perspectives: technical deficiencies and human factors. The paper is based on a research entitled “Identification of Technical Deficiencies and Human Factors in Land Disputes: in the Context of Nepalese Cadastral Surveying”, which is mainly based on the studies of some of the cases of land disputes, interaction programmes with professionals and field observations, with the focus on identification of technical deficiencies and involvement of human being in various perspectives in the CS activities. Some reasons of possible land disputes because of the CS have been pointed out. SWOT Analysis was performed during the research work to develop guidelines for improvement in the accuracies and effectiveness of the CS activities in the line to mitigate land disputes. Some recommendations have been put forwarded to Survey Department in this regard.
RS / GIS For Hazard Mapping & Vulnerability Assessment, Earthquake Disaster Management, Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Karki Sudarshan , Karmacharya Pramod
Published: January 2023

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