bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of climate migration research: gaps in existing literature
Authors: Ghosh Rajan Chandra , Orchiston Caroline
Published: April 2022

Climatic disasters are displacing millions of people every year across the world. Growing academic attention in recent decades has addressed different dimensions of the nexus between climatic events and human migration. Based on a systematic review approach, this study investigates how climate-induced migration studies are framed in the published literature and identifies key gaps in existing studies. 161 journal articles were systematically selected and reviewed (published between 1990 and 2019). Result shows diverse academic discourses on policies, climate vulnerabilities, adaptation, resilience, conflict, security, and environmental issues across a range of disciplines. It identifies Asia as the most studied area followed by Oceania, illustrating that the greatest focus of research to date has been tropical and subtropical climatic regions. Moreover, this study identifies the impact of climate-induced migration on livelihoods, socio-economic conditions, culture, security, and health of climate-induced migrants. Specifically, this review demonstrates that very little is known about the livelihood outcomes of climate migrants in their international destination and their impacts on host communities. The study offers a research agenda to guide academic endeavors toward addressing current gaps in knowledge, including a pressing need for global and national policies to address climate migration as a significant global challenge.
When Will Humanity Notice Its Influence on Atmospheric Rivers?
Authors: Tseng Kai‐Chih , Johnson Nathaniel C. , Kapnick Sarah B. , Cooke William , Delworth Thomas L. , Jia Liwei , Lu Feiyu , McHugh Colleen , Murakami Hiroyuki , Rosati Anthony J. , Wittenberg Andrew T. , Yang Xiaosong , Zeng Fanrong , Zhang Liping
Published: April 2022

Quantifying the response of atmospheric rivers (ARs) to radiative forcing is challenging due to uncertainties caused by internal climate variability, differences in shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), and methods used in AR detection algorithms. In addition, the requirement of medium‐to‐high model resolution and ensemble sizes to explicitly simulate ARs and their statistics can be computationally expensive. In this study, we leverage the unique 50‐km large ensembles generated by a Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory next‐generation global climate model, Seamless system for Prediction and EArth system Research, to explore the warming response in ARs. Under both moderate and high emissions scenarios, increases in AR‐day frequency emerge from the noise of internal variability by 2060. This signal is robust across different SSPs and time‐independent detection criteria. We further examine an alternative approach proposed by Thompson et al. (2015), showing that unforced AR variability can be approximated by a first‐order autoregressive process. The confidence intervals of the projected response can be analytically derived with a single ensemble member.
Quantitative Link Between Sedimentary Chlorin and Sea‐Surface Chlorophyll‐a
Authors: Raja M. , Rosell‐Melé A.
Published: April 2022

Primary productivity in the ocean plays a major role in the global carbon cycle. To estimate its changes through geological time, different sedimentary proxies are used. However, the relative weights of the various processes driving the sedimentary accumulation of organic matter are not fully constrained or represent the flux of specific algal classes. Here, we compare sea‐surface chlorophyll‐a (SSchla) abundance estimated from remote sensing data over the last 20 years with the sedimentary concentration of its derivatives (i.e., chlorin) on a suite of 140 core‐top sediments from different biogeochemical regions. We estimate with field data that only 0.33% of SSchla in tropical and subtropical regions is transferred to surface sediments in the form of chlorin. Despite the small fraction of chlorin that arrive to the sea‐floor, the sedimentary spatial distribution of chlorin is driven primarily by SSchla concentration in high and moderate productivity locations (SSchla > 0.20 mg·m−3). Our calibration paves the way for the use of chlorin as quantitative proxies of primary productivity in paleoreconstructions and cautions on their use in low primary productivity settings.
Comment on “Tectonics of the Isua Supracrustal Belt 1: P‐T‐X‐d Constraints of a Poly‐Metamorphic Terrane” by A. Ramírez‐Salazar et al. and “Tectonics of the Isua Supracrustal Belt 2: Microstructures Reveal Distributed Strain in the Absence of Major Fault Structures” by J. Zuo et al.
Authors: Nutman A. P. , Friend C. R. L. , Bennett V. C.
Published: April 2022

The two Isua supracrustal belt area (Greenland) papers by Zuo et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020tc006514) and Ramírez‐Salazar et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020TC006516) contain no evidence supporting an Eoarchean “heat‐pipe” geodynamic regime and yet no evidence negating a mobile lid one. From quartz micro‐fabric studies, Zuo et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020tc006514) argued for Eoarchean “relatively equal strain distributed across the belt.” This contradicts clear meso‐ and macro‐scale evidence for strongly heterogeneous Eoarchean deformation before the later deformed and metamorphosed ∼3,500 to 2,750 Ma Ameralik dykes were intruded. The Zuo et al. strain indicators relate to syn‐amphibolite facies Neoarchean basin and dome formation throughout the ∼250 km extent of the Eoarchean gneiss complex. Ramírez‐Salazar et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020TC006516) argued the Isua area's metamorphic signature reflects a uniform Eoarchan “heat‐pipe” geodynamic regime. However, observed Eoarchean tectonothermal conditions are more diverse, including ultra‐high‐pressure relicts in peridotite lenses with supra‐subduction zone attributes, and are incompatible with a “heat‐pipe” regime.
Trees Wearing Accelerometers Help Track Snowstorms
Authors: Dzombak Rebecca
Published: April 2022

This device allows scientists to measure how much snow is trapped in canopies and predict changes to snowpack—a critical factor in annual water availability.
The relationship between emotional regulation and hemispheric lateralization in depression: a systematic review and a meta-analysis
Authors: Horato Natia , Quagliato Laiana A. , Nardi Antonio E.
Published: April 2022

From a neurobiological perspective, diverse studies have associated emotional regulation with cognitive deficits. Structural and/or metabolic changes in the frontal cortex are often inferred from dysfunction in cognitive-emotional processing. In addition, electroencephalographic findings support the idea that alpha band oscillations are responses to these same processes. Thus, the objective of this meta-analytical literature review is to verify whether the possible hemispheric lateralization attributed to frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) correlates with emotional regulation and the cognitive deficits underlying depression. The data included in our meta-analysis are from articles published from 2009 to July 2020, which utilized DSM or ICD criteria to diagnose depression or anxiety disorders and included a control group. For statistical analysis, the measurements obtained through the 10–20 electroencephalography system were used. The frontal alpha asymmetry index was calculated from the difference between the logarithm of the absolute spectral values in the alpha rhythm observed from the F4 and F3 electrodes that were fixed to the scalp of the frontal region of the right and left hemispheres (ln µV² RH−ln µV² LH) = (F4−F3). Eighteen articles were included in the systematic review. Of these, 9 were homogeneous enough for statistical analyses (total N: 1061; NDep: 326; Ncont: 735). Nine others could not be statistically analyzed due to the absence of FAA measurements from the F4 and F3 electrodes. A random effects meta-analysis revealed low heterogeneity (Qt = 11,00, df = 8, p = 0.20, I2 = 27%) and an average effect size of the studies equal to −0.03 (CI = [−0.07 to 0.01]). The results, although not significant, suggested a slight tendency toward left lateralization in the depression group. Although the effects shown in these data did not confirm hemispherical lateralization in depressed patients, it was found that emotional regulation and cognitive processes share similar neural circuits. Therefore, future research on this complex relationship is encouraged, especially studies that are focused on the search for quantitative biological markers in depression.
Interaction between macrophages and ferroptosis
Authors: Yang Yan , Wang Yu , Guo Lin , Gao Wen , Tang Ting-Li , Yan Miao
Published: April 2022

Ferroptosis, a newly discovered iron-dependent cell death pathway, is characterized by lipid peroxidation and GSH depletion mediated by iron metabolism and is morphologically, biologically and genetically different from other programmed cell deaths. Besides, ferroptosis is usually found accompanied by inflammatory reactions. So far, it has been found participating in the development of many kinds of diseases. Macrophages are a group of immune cells that widely exist in our body for host defense and play an important role in tissue homeostasis by mediating inflammation and regulating iron, lipid and amino acid metabolisms through their unique functions like phagocytosis and efferocytosis, cytokines secretion and ROS production under different polarization. According to these common points in ferroptosis characteristics and macrophages functions, it’s obvious that there must be relationship between macrophages and ferroptosis. Therefore, our review aims at revealing the interaction between macrophages and ferroptosis concerning three metabolisms and integrating the application of certain relationship in curing diseases, mostly cancer. Finally, we also provide inspirations for further studies in therapy for some diseases by targeting certain resident macrophages in distinct tissues to regulate ferroptosis.

Facts

Ferroptosis is considered as a newly discovered form characterized by its nonapoptotic and iron-dependent lipid hydroperoxide, concerning iron, lipid and amino acid metabolisms.

Ferroptosis has been widely found playing a crucial part in various diseases, including hepatic diseases, neurological diseases, cancer, etc.

Macrophages are phagocytic immune cells, widely existing and owning various functions such as phagocytosis and efferocytosis, cytokines secretion and ROS production.

Macrophages are proved to participate in mediating metabolisms and initiating immune reactions to maintain balance in our body.

Recent studies try to treat cancer by altering macrophages’ polarization which damages tumor microenvironment and induces ferroptosis of cancer cells.

Open questions

How do macrophages regulate ferroptosis of other tissue cells specifically?

Can we use the interaction between macrophages and ferroptosis in treating diseases other than cancer?

What can we do to treat diseases related to ferroptosis by targeting macrophages?

Is the use of the relationship between macrophages and ferroptosis more effective than other therapies when treating diseases?
Maternal personality and postpartum mental disorders in Japan: the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study
Authors: Murakami Keiko , Ishikuro Mami , Obara Taku , Ueno Fumihiko , Noda Aoi , Onuma Tomomi , Matsuzaki Fumiko , Kikuchi Saya , Kobayashi Natsuko , Hamada Hirotaka , Iwama Noriyuki , Metoki Hirohito , Saito Masatoshi , Sugawara Junichi , Tomita Hiroaki , Yaegashi Nobuo , Kuriyama Shinichi
Published: April 2022

Personality has been shown to predict postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS) assessed by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). However, existing studies have not considered the underlying symptom dimensions in the EPDS. We analyzed data from 15,012 women who participated in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. Personality was assessed in middle pregnancy using the short-form Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised. PDS were defined as EPDS score ≥ 9 at 1 month after delivery. The EPDS items were further divided into three dimensions: depressed mood, anxiety, and anhedonia. Multiple analyses were conducted to examine the associations of each personality scale with PDS and three dimensions in the EPDS, adjusting for age, parity, mode of delivery, education, income, and social isolation. The prevalence of PDS assessed by the EPDS at 1 month after delivery was 13.1%. Higher neuroticism scores were associated with PDS (odds ratio [OR], 2.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.48 to 2.79) and all three dimensions (all p < 0.001). Lower extraversion scores were associated with PDS (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.78) and all three dimensions (all p < 0.001). Lower psychoticism scores were associated with PDS (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.85 to 0.94) and anxiety (p < 0.001), but not with depressed mood (p = 0.20) or anhedonia (p = 0.92). In conclusion, higher neuroticism and lower extraversion were associated with PDS and the three underlying dimensions in the EPDS, while lower psychoticism was associated with anxiety, but not with depressed mood or anhedonia.
Texture evolution during processing and post-processing of maraging steel fabricated by laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Kannan Rangasayee , Nandwana Peeyush
Published: April 2022

In this study, the evolution of solidification texture during LPBF of Ti-free grade 300 maraging steel, and its effect on texture development during subsequent post-fabrication heat treatments was characterized using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD). It was found that in the as-fabricated state, no texture was observed in the room temperature martensitic phase. However, the reconstructed parent austenite phase displayed a Cube texture with a minor fraction of Rotated Goss texture. During subsequent aging treatments involving two different routes, namely direct aging of the as-fabricated samples, and conventional solution treatment + aging of the as-fabricated samples, significant changes in the texture components of parent austenite were observed, whereas no changes in texture were observed in the room temperature martensitic phase. During direct aging, it was found that with an increase in the aging temperature up to 520 °C, the texture components of the parent austenite changed from Cube/Rotated Goss to Brass, whereas during the conventional solution treatment and aging cycle, interestingly a change in texture component to rotated copper was observed. The transitions in texture components have been discussed using the concepts of recrystallization and twinning in austenite during annealing and/or aging, and strain energy release maximization (SERM) theory. Furthermore, the importance of these preferred orientations on the mechanical properties was quantified using transformation potential diagrams.
Deep 3D attention CLSTM U-Net based automated liver segmentation and volumetry for the liver transplantation in abdominal CT volumes
Authors: Jeong Jin Gyo , Choi Sangtae , Kim Young Jae , Lee Won-Suk , Kim Kwang Gi
Published: April 2022

In living-donor liver transplantation, the safety of the donor is critical. In addition, accurately measuring the liver volume is significant as the amount that can be resected from living donors is limited. In this paper, we propose an automated segmentation and volume estimation method for the liver in computed tomography imaging based on a deep learning-based segmentation network. Our framework was trained using the data of 191 donors, achieved a dice similarity coefficient of 0.789, 0.869, 0.955, and 0.899, respectively, in the segmentation task for the left lobe, right lobe, caudate lobe, and whole liver. Moreover, the R^2 score reached 0.980, 0.996, 0.953, and 0.996 in the volume estimation task. We demonstrate that our approach provides accurate and quantitative liver segmentation results, reducing the error in liver volume estimation. Therefore, we expected to be used as an aid in estimating liver volume from CT volume data for living-donor liver transplantation.
Theoretical modeling of dendrite growth from conductive wire electro-polymerization
Authors: Kumar Ankush , Janzakova Kamila , Coffinier Yannick , Pecqueur Sébastien , Alibart Fabien
Published: April 2022

Electropolymerization is a bottom-up materials engineering process of micro/nano-scale that utilizes electrical signals to deposit conducting dendrites morphologies by a redox reaction in the liquid phase. It resembles synaptogenesis in the brain, in which the electrical stimulation in the brain causes the formation of synapses from the cellular neural composites. The strategy has been recently explored for neuromorphic engineering by establishing link between the electrical signals and the dendrites’ shapes. Since the geometry of these structures determines their electrochemical properties, understanding the mechanisms that regulate polymer assembly under electrically programmed conditions is an important aspect. In this manuscript, we simulate this phenomenon using mesoscale simulations, taking into account the important features of spatial–temporal potential mapping based on the time-varying signal, the motion of charged particles in the liquid due to the electric field, and the attachment of particles on the electrode. The study helps in visualizing the motion of the charged particles in different electrical conditions, which is not possible to probe experimentally. Consistent with the experiments, the higher AC frequency of electrical activities favors linear wire-like growth, while lower frequency leads to more dense and fractal dendrites’ growth, and voltage offset leads to asymmetrical growth. We find that dendrites' shape and growth process systematically depend on particle concentration and random scattering. We discover that the different dendrites’ architectures are associated with different Laplace and diffusion fields, which govern the monomers’ trajectory and subsequent dendrites’ growth. Such unconventional engineering routes could have a variety of applications from neuromorphic engineering to bottom-up computing strategies.
Black-necked spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis) phospholipases A2 may cause Trypanosoma brucei death by blocking endocytosis through the flagellar pocket
Authors: Martos-Esteban Andrea , Macleod Olivia J. S. , Maudlin Isabella , Kalogeropoulos Konstantinos , Jürgensen Jonas A. , Carrington Mark , Laustsen Andreas H.
Published: April 2022

African trypanosomes, such as Trypanosoma brucei, are flagellated protozoa which proliferate in mammals and cause a variety of diseases in people and animals. In a mammalian host, the external face of the African trypanosome plasma membrane is covered by a densely packed coat formed of variant surface glycoprotein (VSG), which counteracts the host's adaptive immune response by antigenic variation. The VSG is attached to the external face of the plasma membrane by covalent attachment of the C-terminus to glycosylphosphatidylinositol. As the trypanosome grows, newly synthesised VSG is added to the plasma membrane by vesicle fusion to the flagellar pocket, the sole location of exo- and endocytosis. Snake venoms contain dozens of components, including proteases and phospholipases A2. Here, we investigated the effect of Naja nigricollis venom on T. brucei with the aim of describing the response of the trypanosome to hydrolytic attack on the VSG. We found no evidence for VSG hydrolysis, however, N. nigricollis venom caused: (i) an enlargement of the flagellar pocket, (ii) the Rab11 positive endosomal compartments to adopt an abnormal dispersed localisation, and (iii) cell cycle arrest prior to cytokinesis. Our results indicate that a single protein family, the phospholipases A2 present in N. nigricollis venom, may be necessary and sufficient for the effects. This study provides new molecular insight into T. brucei biology and possibly describes mechanisms that could be exploited for T. brucei targeting.
Modelling epidemic spread in cities using public transportation as a proxy for generalized mobility trends
Authors: Malik Omar , Gong Bowen , Moussawi Alaa , Korniss Gyorgy , Szymanski Boleslaw K.
Published: April 2022

We study how public transportation data can inform the modeling of the spread of infectious diseases based on SIR dynamics. We present a model where public transportation data is used as an indicator of broader mobility patterns within a city, including the use of private transportation, walking etc. The mobility parameter derived from this data is used to model the infection rate. As a test case, we study the impact of the usage of the New York City subway on the spread of COVID-19 within the city during 2020. We show that utilizing subway transport data as an indicator of the general mobility trends within the city, and therefore as an indicator of the effective infection rate, improves the quality of forecasting COVID-19 spread in New York City. Our model predicts the two peaks in the spread of COVID-19 cases in NYC in 2020, unlike a standard SIR model that misses the second peak entirely.
Self-reported total sitting time on a non-working day is associated with blunted flow-mediated vasodilation and blunted nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation
Authors: Yamaji Takayuki , Harada Takahiro , Hashimoto Yu , Nakano Yukiko , Kajikawa Masato , Yoshimura Kenichi , Chayama Kazuaki , Goto Chikara , Han Yiming , Mizobuchi Aya , Yusoff Farina Mohamad , Kishimoto Shinji , Maruhashi Tatsuya , Nakashima Ayumu , Higashi Yukihito
Published: April 2022

We divided the 466 subjects into two groups based on information on sitting time on a non-working day and evaluated flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation (NID). FMD was smaller in subjects with sitting time on a non-working day of ≥6 h/day than in subjects with sitting time on a non-working day of <6 h/day (2.5 ± 2.6% vs. 3.7 ± 2.9%; p < 0.001). NID was smaller in subjects with sitting time at non-working day of ≥ 8 h/day than in subjects with sitting time on a non-working day of < 8 h/day (10.1 ± 5.6% vs. 11.5 ± 5.0%; p = 0.01). After adjustment for confounding factors for vascular function, the odds of having the lowest tertile of FMD was significantly higher in subjects with sitting time on a non-working day of ≥6 h/day than in subjects with sitting time on a non-working day of <6 h/day. The odds of having the lowest tertile of NID was significant higher in subjects with sitting time on a non-working day of ≥ 8 h/day than in subjects with sitting time on a non-working day of < 8 h/day. These findings suggest that prolonged sitting time on a non-working day is associated with blunted FMD and blunted NID.
A comprehensive analysis of excess depressive disorder in women and men living with HIV in France compared to the general population
Authors: Hémar Victor , Hessamfar Mojgan , Neau Didier , Vareil Marc-Olivier , Rouanes Nicolas , Lazaro Estibaliz , Duffau Pierre , Cazanave Charles , Rispal Patrick , Gaborieau Valérie , Leleux Olivier , Wittkop Linda , Bonnet Fabrice , Barger Diana
Published: April 2022

We aimed to estimate the prevalence of depressive disorder in people living with HIV (PLWH) and evaluate its association with non-HIV-specific and HIV-specific factors in PLWH and in PLWH compared to the general population (GP). We used cross-sectional data from the QuAliV study, conducted within the ANRS-CO3 Aquitaine-AQUIVIH-NA cohort of PLWH in Nouvelle-Aquitaine (2018–2020), and a nationally-representative survey in the GP (EHIS-ESPS, 2014–2015), we included all participants aged ≥ 18 years old who had completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8). Depressive disorder was defined as Patient Health Questionnaire-8 score greater or equal to 10. Its association with non-HIV-specific (demographic, socio-economic, behavioral, health status), HIV-specific factors (immuno-viral markers, antiretrovirals, level of perceived HIV-stigma), and HIV-status was assessed using Poisson regression models with robust variance in women and men separately. We included 914 PLWH (683 men/231 women). More than one in five PLWH had depressive disorder. It was strongly associated with being younger and experiencing severe pain in both sexes. Unemployment in women, being single, and lack of family ties in men were also associated with depressive disorder. More than 30% of our sample reported HIV-stigma, with a dose–response relationship between level of perceived HIV-stigma and depressive disorder. The crude prevalence of depressive disorder was 2.49 (95%CI 1.92–3.22) and 4.20 (95%CI 3.48–5.05) times higher in women and men living with HIV respectively compared to GP counterparts and 1.46 (95%CI 1.09–1.95) and 2.45 (95%CI 1.93–3.09) times higher after adjustment for non-HIV specific factors. The adjusted prevalence ratio of depressive disorder was not significantly different in HIV-stigma free women, but remained twice as high in HIV-stigma free men. The prevalence of depressive disorder compared to the GP tended to decrease with age in PLWH. Excess depressive disorder remains a major concern in PLWH. Our findings reaffirm the importance of regular screening. Tackling social inequalities and HIV-stigma should be prioritized to ensure that PLWH achieve good mental as well as physical health outcomes.
Local neural-network-weighted models for occurrence and number of down wood in natural forest ecosystem
Authors: Sun Yuman , Jia Weiwei , Zhu Wancai , Zhang Xiaoyong , Saidahemaiti Subati , Hu Tao , Guo Haotian
Published: April 2022

The natural forest ecosystem has been affected by wind storms for years, which have caused several down wood (DW) and dramatically modified the fabric and size. Therefore, it is very important to explain the forest system by quantifying the spatial relationship between DW and environmental parameters. However, the spatial non-stationary characteristics caused by the terrain and stand environmental changes with distinct gradients may lead to an incomplete description of DW, the local neural-network-weighted models of geographically neural-network-weighted (GNNWR) models are introduced here. To verify the validity of models, our DW and environmental factors were applied to investigate of occurrence of DW and number of DW to establish the generalized linear (logistic and Poisson) models, geographically weighted regression (GWLR and GWPR) models and GNNWR (GNNWLR and GNNWPR) models. The results show that the GNNWR models show great advantages in the model-fitting performance, prediction performance, and the spatial Moran’s I of model residuals. In addition, GNNWR models can combine the geographic information system technology for accurately expressing the spatial distribution of DW relevant information to provide the key technology that can be used as the basis for human decision-making and management planning.
Analysis of the phytochemicals of Coriandrum sativum and Cichorium intybus aqueous extracts and their biological effects on broiler chickens
Authors: Gazwi Hanaa S. S. , Mahmoud Magda E. , Toson Enas M. A.
Published: April 2022

Spices and herbs can be used as feed additives and viable alternatives to antibiotics in chicken production. This study analyzed the phytochemicals, minerals, and antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts from Coriandrum sativum seeds and Cichorium intybus roots. The effects of different concentrations of C. sativum and C. intybus extracts on blood parameters, growth and carcass traits, biochemical parameters, and antioxidant activity of broiler chicks were also examined. The results showed that C. sativum aqueous extract has relatively higher contents of total flavonoids and total phenolic acids than C. intybus aqueous extract. Both extracts contain elevated mineral elements, especially iron, potassium, and sodium. Therefore, dietary supplementation of C. sativum seed and C. intybus root extracts could enhance broiler chicken growth performance, carcass characteristics, liver function, lipid profile, and antioxidant status. These extracts could be utilized as natural feed additives and growth promoters for broiler chickens.
Photoelectrocaloric effect in ferroelectric oxide
Authors: Pal Subhajit , Mohan Manu , Priya K. Shanmuga , Murugavel P.
Published: April 2022

The enhanced electrocaloric (EC) effect in solid-state-based lead-free ferroelectric Ba0.875(Bi0.5Li0.5)0.125TiO3 system is investigated under light as an external stimulus. The sample exhibits an analogous value of maximum change in entropy at Curie temperature, extracted from the two different measurements process. Notably, the sample depicts maximum value of adiabatic change in temperature (ΔT) as 1.27 K and isothermal entropy change (ΔS) as 2.05 J/K kg along with the EC coefficient value of 0.426 K mm/kV, under dark conditions. In addition, the sample exhibits > 0.5 K adiabatic temperature change over a broad temperature range (~ 35 K). Remarkably, the EC parameters display ~ 27% enhancement upon 405 nm light illumination. The demonstrated photoelectrocaloric effect is found to be in accordance with theoretical formalism. The present work elucidates the light as an additional degree of freedom to widen the potential of solid-state-based technologies for advanced environment-friendly cooling devices.
Coronavirus disease-related in-hospital mortality: a cohort study in a private healthcare network in Brazil
Authors: de Oliveira Lima Helidea , da Silva Leopoldo Muniz , de Campos Vieira Abib Arthur , Tavares Leandro Reis , Santos Daniel Wagner de Castro Lima , de Araújo Ana Claudia Lopes Fernandes , Moreira Laise Pereira , Silveira Saullo Queiroz , de Melo Silva Torres Vanessa , Simões Deborah , Arellano Ramiro , Ho Anthony M.-H. , Mizubuti Glenio B.
Published: April 2022

COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality has been reported at 30.7–47.3% in Brazil, however studies assessing exclusively private hospitals are lacking. This is important because of significant differences existing between the Brazilian private and public healthcare systems. We aimed to determine the COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality and associated risk factors in a Brazilian private network from March/2020 to March/2021. Data were extracted from institutional database and analyzed using Cox regression model. Length of hospitalization and death-related factors were modeled based on available independent variables. In total, 38,937 COVID-19 patients were hospitalized of whom 3058 (7.8%) died. Admission to the intensive care unit occurred in 62.5% of cases, and 11.5% and 3.8% required mechanical ventilation (MV) and renal replacement therapy (RRT), respectively. In the adjusted model, age ≥ 61 years-old, comorbidities, and the need for MV and/or RRT were significantly associated with increased mortality (p < 0.05). Obesity and hypertension were associated with the need for MV and RRT (p < 0.05).
Responses of CO2 emissions and soil microbial community structures to organic amendment in two contrasting soils in Zambia
Authors: Hamamoto Toru , Nhamo Nhamo , Chikoye David , Mukumbuta Ikabongo , Uchida Yoshitaka
Published: April 2022

In sub-Saharan Africa, efforts have been made to increase soil carbon (C) content in agricultural ecosystems due to severe soil degradation. The use of organic materials is a feasible method for recovering soil organic C; however, the effects of organic amendments on soil microbial communities and C cycles under C-limited soil conditions are still unknown. In this study, we conducted field experiments in Zambia using organic amendments at two sites with contrasting C content. At both sites, temporal changes in soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and prokaryotic community structures were monitored during the crop growing season (126 days). The organic amendments increased CO2emissions and prokaryotic abundance at the Kabwe site, whereas no direct impacts were observed at the Lusaka site. We also observed a larger temporal variability in the soil microbial community structure at Kabwe than that at Lusaka. These contrasting results between the two soils may be due to the microbial community stability differences between each site. However, as organic amendments have considerable potential to enhance microbial abundance and consequently sequester C at the Kabwe site, site-specific strategies are required to address the issues of soil C depletion in drylands.
The coral reef-dwelling Peneroplis spp. shows calcification recovery to ocean acidification conditions
Authors: Charrieau Laurie M. , Nagai Yukiko , Kimoto Katsunori , Dissard Delphine , Below Beatrice , Fujita Kazuhiko , Toyofuku Takashi
Published: April 2022

Large Benthic Foraminifera are a crucial component of coral-reef ecosystems, which are currently threatened by ocean acidification. We conducted culture experiments to evaluate the impact of low pH on survival and test dissolution of the symbiont-bearing species Peneroplis spp., and to observe potential calcification recovery when specimens are placed back under reference pH value (7.9). We found that Peneroplis spp. displayed living activity up to 3 days at pH 6.9 (Ωcal < 1) or up to 1 month at pH 7.4 (Ωcal > 1), despite the dark and unfed conditions. Dissolution features were observed under low Ωcal values, such as changes in test density, peeled extrados layers, and decalcified tests with exposed organic linings. A new calcification phase started when specimens were placed back at reference pH. This calcification’s resumption was an addition of new chambers without reparation of the dissolved parts, which is consistent with the porcelaneous calcification pathway of Peneroplis spp. The most decalcified specimens displayed a strong survival response by adding up to 8 new chambers, and the contribution of food supply in this process was highlighted. These results suggest that porcelaneous LBF species have some recovery abilities to short exposure (e.g., 3 days to 1 month) to acidified conditions. However, the geochemical signature of trace elements in the new calcite was impacted, and the majority of the new chambers were distorted and resulted in abnormal tests, which might hinder the specimens’ reproduction and thus their survival on the long term.
Comparison of mortality and cause of death between adults with and without hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kwon Soonil , Kim Hyung-Kwan , Kim Bongseong , Lee Hyun-Jung , Han Kyung-Do , Hwang In-Chang , Yoon Yeonyee E. , Park Jun-Bean , Lee Heesun , Lee Seung-Pyo , Cho Goo-Yeong , Kim Yong-Jin
Published: April 2022

Insufficient evidence is available comparing mortality and cause of death between general hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and general non-HCM populations. We aimed to investigate how causes of death and mortality differ in subjects with and without HCM. Using the National Health Insurance Service database from 2009 to 2016, individuals who underwent health check-up(s) with or without a history of HCM were identified. Participants in the HCM group were matched at a 1:1 ratio with those in the non-HCM group using propensity scores calculated from the baseline covariates. Mortality rates and risks were compared between the groups. In total, 14,858 participants (7,429 each in the HCM and non-HCM groups) were followed up over a mean 4.4 ± 2.2 years (mean age, 61.0 years; male proportion, 66.8%). Compared to the non-HCM group, the HCM group showed a higher risk of all-cause and HCM-related mortality and a similar risk for non-cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.57 [1.38–1.78], 2.71 [1.92–3.83], and 1.04 [0.88–1.23], respectively). The sensitivity analyses consistently showed that the HCM group showed higher risks of all-cause and HCM-related mortality than the non-HCM group. The female participants with HCM were associated with an increasing trend of the risks of all-cause mortality but not HCM-related mortality compared to their male counterparts (p for interaction < 0.001 and 0.185, respectively). In conclusion, compared to the non-HCM population, the general HCM population showed higher risks of both all-cause and HCM-related mortality, but had a similar risk of non-cardiovascular mortality.
An exploration of new methods for metabolic syndrome examination by infrared thermography and knowledge mining
Authors: Mi Bao-Hong , Zhang Wen-Zheng , Xiao Yong-Hua , Hong Wen-Xue , Song Jia-Lin , Tu Jian-Feng , Jiang Bi-Yao , Ye Chen , Shi Guang-Xia
Published: April 2022

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a clinical syndrome with multiple metabolic disorders. As the diagnostic criteria for MS still lacking of imaging laboratory method, this study aimed to explore the differences between healthy people and MS patients through infrared thermography (IRT). However, the observation region of the IRT image is uncertain, and the research tried to solve this problem with the help of knowledge mining technology. 43 MS participants were randomly included through a cross-sectional method, and 43 healthy participants were recruited through number matching. The IRT image of each participant was segmented into the region of interest (ROI) through the preprocessing method proposed in this research, and then the ROI features were granulated by the K-means algorithm to generate the formal background, and finally, the two formal background were separately built into a knowledge graph through the knowledge mining method based on the attribute partial order structure. The baseline data shows that there is no difference in age, gender, and height between the two groups (P > 0.05). The image preprocessing method can segment the IRT image into 18 ROI. Through the K-means method, each group of data can be separately established with a 43 × 36 formal background and generated a knowledge graph. It can be found through knowledge mining and independent-samples T test that the average temperature and maximum temperature difference between the chest and face of the two groups are statistically different (P < 0.01). IRT could reflect the difference between healthy people and MS people. The measurement regions were found by the method of knowledge mining on the premise of unknown. The method proposed in this paper may add a new imaging method for MS laboratory examinations, and at the same time, through knowledge mining, it can also expand a new idea for clinical research of IRT.
Agavin induces beneficial microbes in the shrimp microbiota under farming conditions
Authors: Ochoa-Romo Juan Pablo , Cornejo-Granados Fernanda , Lopez-Zavala Alonso A. , Viana María Teresa , Sánchez Filiberto , Gallardo-Becerra Luigui , Luque-Villegas Mirna , Valdez-López Yesenia , Sotelo-Mundo Rogerio R. , Cota-Huízar Andrés , López-Munguia Agustín , Ochoa-Leyva Adrian
Published: April 2022

Prebiotics and probiotics have shown a number of beneficial impacts preventing diseases in cultured shrimps. Complex soluble carbohydrates are considered ideal for fostering microbiota biodiversity by fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPS). Here we evaluated the growth performance and microbiota composition of the white shrimpLitopenaeus vannameiafter dietary intervention using agavin as a FODMAP prebiotic under farming conditions. AdultL. vannameiwere raised at a shrimp farm and the effect of agavin supplemented at 2% (AG2) or 10% (AG10) levels were compared to an agavin-free basal diet (BD). After 28 days-trial, the feed conversion ratio, total feed ingested, and protein efficiency ratio was significantly improved on animals fed with AG2. At the same time, no effect on growth performance was observed in AG10. Surprisingly, after sequencing the V3–V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene a higher microbial richness and diversity in the hepatopancreas and intestine was found only in those animals receiving the AG10 diet, while those receiving the AG2 diet had a decreased richness and diversity, both diets compared to the BD. The beta diversity analysis showed a clear significant microbiota clustering by agavin diets only in the hepatopancreas, suggesting that agavin supplementation had a more substantial deterministic effect on the microbiota of hepatopancreas than on the intestine. We analyzed the literature to search beneficial microbes for shrimp’s health and found sequences for 42 species in our 16S data, being significantly increasedLactobacillus pentosus, Pseudomonas putidaandPseudomonas synxanthain the hepatopancreas of the AG10 andRodopseudomonas palustrisandStreptococcus thermophilesth1435 in the hepatopancreas of the AG2, both compared to BD. Interestingly, when we analyzed the abundance of 42 beneficial microbes as a single microbial community "meta-community," found an increase in their abundance as agavin concentration increases in the hepatopancreas. In addition, we also sequenced the DNA of agavin and found 9 of the 42 beneficial microbes. From those,Lactobacillus lactisandLactobacillus delbrueckiiwere found in shrimps fed with agavin (both AG2 and AG10), andLysinibacillus fusiformisin AG10 and they were absent the BD diet, suggesting these three species could be introduced with the agavin to the diet. Our work provides evidence that agavin supplementation is associated with an increase of beneficial microbes for the shrimp microbiota at farming conditions. Our study provides the first evidence that a shrimp prebiotic may selectively modify the microbiota in an organ-dependent effect.
Association of rhinitis with asthma prevalence and severity
Authors: Acevedo-Prado Antonio , Seoane-Pillado Teresa , López-Silvarrey-Varela Angel , Salgado Francisco-Javier , Cruz María-Jesus , Faraldo-Garcia Ana , Nieto-Fontarigo Juan-Jose , Pértega-Díaz Sonia , Sanchez-Lastres J. , San-José-González Miguel-Angel , Bamonde-Rodríguez Luis , Garnelo-Suárez Luciano , Pérez-Castro Teresa , Sampedro-Campos Manuel , Gonzalez-Barcala Francisco-Javier
Published: April 2022

Asthma and rhinitis often co-exist in the same patient. Although some authors observed a higher prevalence and/or greater severity of asthma in patients with rhinitis, this view is not homogeneous and the debate continues. The aim of our study is to describe the prevalence of rhinitis in children and adolescents and to analyse their relationship with the prevalence of asthma. A multicentre study was conducted using the methodology of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). The target population of the study was all those school children aged 6–7 and 13–14 years from 6 of the main health catchment areas of Galicia (1.9 million inhabitants). The schools required were randomly selected, and all children in the targeted age ranges were included. Multiple logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted prevalence odds ratios (OR) between asthma symptoms of the schoolchildren and rhinitis prevalence. The results were adjusted for parental smoking habits, maternal education level, cat and dog exposure, and obesity. A total of 21,420 valid questionnaires were finally obtained. Rhinitis was associated with a significant increase in the prevalence of asthma in both age groups. The highest OR were 11.375 for exercise induced asthma (EIA) for children with recent rhinoconjunctivitis and 9.807 for children with recent rhinitis in 6–7 years old group. The prevalence OR’s are higher in EIA and severe asthmatics. Rhinitis in children and adolescents is associated with a higher prevalence and severity of asthma.
Unity yield of deterministically positioned quantum dot single photon sources
Authors: Laferrière Patrick , Yeung Edith , Miron Isabelle , Northeast David B. , Haffouz Sofiane , Lapointe Jean , Korkusinski Marek , Poole Philip J. , Williams Robin L. , Dalacu Dan
Published: April 2022

We report on a platform for the production of single photon devices with a fabrication yield of 100%. The sources are based on InAsP quantum dots embedded within position-controlled bottom-up InP nanowires. Using optimized growth conditions, we produce large arrays of structures having highly uniform geometries. Collection efficiencies are as high as 83% and multiphoton emission probabilities as low as 0.6% with the distribution away from optimal values associated with the excitation of other charge complexes and re-excitation processes, respectively, inherent to the above-band excitation employed. Importantly, emission peak lineshapes have Lorentzian profiles indicating that linewidths are not limited by inhomogeneous broadening but rather pure dephasing, likely elastic carrier-phonon scattering due to a high phonon occupation. This work establishes nanowire-based devices as a viable route for the scalable fabrication of efficient single photon sources and provides a valuable resource for hybrid on-chip platforms currently being developed.
Anchoring boron on a covalent organic framework as an efficient single atom metal-free photo-electrocatalyst for nitrogen fixation: a first-principles analysis
Authors: Dutta Supriti , Pati Swapan K.
Published: April 2022

Anchoring boron atom on Tp-bpy-COF can effectively reduce N2 to NH3. With the help of DFT, we demonstrate that N2 is activated by the synergistic effect of B and N. Alternating pathway is preferable with the limiting potential value of 0.13 V.
Inhibiting metal-inward diffusion-induced degradation through strong chemical coordination toward stable and efficient inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Yang Jiabao , Cao Qi , Wang Tong , Yang Bowen , Pu Xingyu , Zhang Yixin , Chen Hui , Tojiboyev Ilhom , Li Yuke , Etgar Lioz , Li Xuanhua , Hagfeldt Anders
Published: April 2022

Firstly, we introduce a triazine molecule in the bathocuproine layer, which can prevent the inward diffusion of the metal electrodes via strong chemical coordination. The champion device achieved an efficiency of 22.60% and excellent stability.
A highly sensitive SERS substrate based on a mesoporous Ag–TiO2 thin film for the detection of dye molecules
Authors: Das Sathi , Saxena Kanchan , Mehta Dalip Singh
Published: April 2022

Role of wavelength of excitation lasers for maximum Raman signal enhancement.
Immobilization of a Zn4 complex on functionalized layered HUS-7: synthesis, structural investigation and catalytic activity
Authors: Jadav Divya , Shukla Pooja , Bandyopadhyay Rajib , Sarma Plaban Jyoti , Deka Ramesh Chandra , Kumar Rajesh , Das Sourav , Tsunoji Nao , Bandyopadhyay Mahuya
Published: April 2022

A tetranuclear Zn complex was immobilized into functionalized HUS-7, which showed excellent catalytic performance in two different epoxide ring opening reactions.
Performance analysis of the low‐complexity adaptive channel estimation algorithms over non‐stationary multipath Rayleigh fading channels under carrier frequency offsets
Authors: Hadei Sayed A. , Hosseini S. Abolfazl , Miri Mohammadhasan
Published: April 2022

The use of selective partial updating method for reducing computational complexity of adaptive algorithms has been proposed recently. However, its performance analysis has not been studied as extensively and exactly as LMS or RLS algorithms for time‐varying channel estimation. This paper provides performance analysis of the low‐complexity family of affine projection algorithms based on selective partial update method on the estimation of multipath Rayleigh fading channels in the presence of carrier frequency offsets (CFO) and random channel variations. The analysis is based on the calculation of the error correlation matrix of the estimation, the mean‐square weight error (MSWE) and the mean‐square estimation error (MSE) parameters. The analysis does not use strong assumptions like small or large step‐size, and explicit closed‐form expressions for the MSE of estimation are obtained only from common hypotheses in wireless communication context. In this paper, the optimum step‐size parameters minimizing the MSE of estimation are analytically derived without any simplifying assumptions. For the sake of comparison with other analytical approaches, the performance of the introduced algorithms is also investigated using the energy conservation relation. Likewise, for exact performance analysis, all the moment terms that appear in closed form expressions for the MSE of estimation are evaluated. Simulations are conduced to corroborate the presented studies and show that the theoretical results agree well with the simulation results over non‐stationary multipath Rayleigh fading channels.