bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tracing water masses with 129I and 236U in the subpolar North Atlantic along the GEOTRACES GA01 section
Authors: Castrillejo Maxi , Casacuberta Núria , Christl Marcus , Vockenhuber Christof , Synal Hans-Arno , García-Ibáñez Maribel I. , Lherminier Pascale , Sarthou Géraldine , Garcia-Orellana Jordi , Masqué Pere
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The distribution of 129I and 236U in 14 depth profiles and the sea surface along the GEOVIDE section (transect GEOTRACES GA01) the subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA) is presented for spring 2014. This work investigates the use of 129I and 236U as circulation tracers of water masses involved in the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. The results show that 129I and 236U were distributed by water masses spanning 129I concentrations, 236U/238U atom ratios and 129I/238U atom ratios of (0.2–256) × 107 at/kg, (40–2350) × 10−12 and 0.5–200, respectively. The highest tracer levels were associated with shallow waters carried by the East Greenland Current (EGC) and the Labrador Current (LC), as well as with the overflow waters ventilating the deep SPNA. The presence of these radionuclides in the SPNA is mainly due to global fallout and varying contributions from nuclear reprocessing plants located near Sellafield, United Kingdom, and La Hague, France (0.1 % to > 5 %). Results show that part of the effluents discharged from Sellafield and La Hague apparently enter the eastern SPNA directly through the Iceland-Scotland passage or the English Channel/Irish Sea, as it is shown by elevated 129I concentrations and 129I/238U ratios in shallow central waters flowing in the West European Basin (WEB). The 236U/238U and 129I/238U ratios help identifying Arctic waters of Atlantic origin (PIW-Atlantic) in the EGC and of Pacific origin (PIW-Pacific) in the LC. PIW-Atlantic (PIW-Pacific) enriched in 129I (in 236U) appear to cascade along the slopes of Greenland and Newfoundland contributing to the overflows in the Irminger and Labrador Seas, respectively. The Iceland-Scotland Overflow Water spreading pathways into the eastern SPNA have been confirmed by the unequivocal transport of reprocessing 129I into the deep WEB. Data of 129I and 236U from 2014 and the 129I time series in the Labrador Sea agrees with the hypothesis that Atlantic Waters (tagged with nuclear reprocessing plant effluents) follow at least two circulation loops from their source region: one short loop through the Nordic Seas into the SPNA of about 8–10 years, and a second, long loop, which adds about 8 years more of recirculation in the Arctic Eurasian Basin.
Integrative Geographie neu denken – z.B. anthropozänisch
Authors: Geist Helmut J.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Current efforts to formalize the Anthropocene as a new geologic epoch have
relaunched deliberations concerning the re/unification of human and physical
geography. This commentary notes the end of traditional (dualist)
human-environmental thinking and welcomes a vital pluralism of alternative
approaches including gaia-politics. Thus, it recommends to challenge
and reject the hegemony of a geoscientists' (geocratic) narrative. Still
valid is the provocation by French philosopher Latour that the historical
failure of the discipline to achieve convergence will very likely leave
geography as it is, ie. divided into separate disciplines.
Climate change effects on the hydrology of the headwaters of the Tagus River: implications for the management of the Tagus-Segura transfer
Authors: Pellicer-Martínez Francisco , Martínez-Paz José Miguel
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Currently, climate change is a major concern around the world, especially because of the uncertainty associated with its possible consequences for society. Among these can be highlighted the fluvial alterations in basins whose flows depend on groundwater discharges and snow melt. This is the case of the headwaters of the Tagus River Basin, whose water resources, besides being essential for water uses within this basin, are susceptible to being transferred to the Segura River Basin (both basins are in the Iberian Peninsula). This work studies the possible effects that the latest climate change scenarios may have on this transfer, one of the most important in southern Europe. In the first place, the possible alterations of the water cycle of the donor basin were estimated. To do this, a hydrological model was calibrated. Then, with this model, three climatic scenarios were simulated, one without climate change and two projections under climate change (Representative Concentration Representative 4.5 (RCP 4.5) and RCP 8.5). The results of these three hydrological modelling scenarios were used to determine the possible flows that could be transferred from the Tagus River Basin to the Segura River Basin, by simulating the water resource exploitation system of the Tagus headwaters. These hydrological modelling predict, for the simulated climate change scenarios, important reductions in the snowfalls and snow covers, the recharge of aquifers and the available water resources. So, the headwaters of the Tagus River Basin would be the loss of part of its natural capacity for regulation. These changes in the water cycle for the climate change scenarios used would imply a reduction of around 80 % in the possible flows that could be transferred to the Segura Basin, with respect to a scenario without climate change. The loss of water resources for the Segura River Basin would mean, if no alternative measures were taken, an economic loss of 330–380 million euro per year, due principally to decreased agricultural production.
Permian plume beneath Tarim from receiver functions
Authors: Vinnik Lev , Deng Yangfan , Kosarev Grigoriy , Oreshin Sergey , Makeyeva Larissa
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Receiver functions for the central Tien Shan and northern Tarim in central Asia reveal a pronounced depression on the 410-km discontinuity beneath the Permian basalts in Tarim. The depression may most likely be caused by elevated temperature. The striking spatial coherence between the anomaly of the MTZ and the Permian basalts suggests that both may be effects of the same plume. This relation can be reconciled with reconstructed positions of paleo-continents since the Permian by assuming that the mantle layer which translated coherently with the Tarim plate extended to a depth of 410 km or more. Alternatively, lithosphere and the underlying mantle are decoupled at a depth of ~ 200 km, but a cumulative effect of the Tarim plate motions since the Permian is by an order of magnitude less than predicted by the paleo-reconstructions. A similar explanation is applicable to the Siberian traps.
Iron oxides in the
cryoconite
on the glaciers over Tibetan
Plateau: abundance, speciation
and implications
Authors: Cong Zhiyuan , Gao Shaopeng , Zhao Wancang , Wang Xin , Wu Guangming , Zhang Yulan , Kang Shichang , Liu Yongqin , Ji Junfeng
Published: May 2018

Abstract. As an important constituent of light-absorbing impurities on the glacier surface, iron oxides determine the radiative impact of mineral dust. In particular, the distinct optical properties between hematite and goethite highlight the necessary to obtain the accurate knowledge about their abundance and speciation. The cryoconite samples from five glaciers in different region of Tibetan Plateau (TP) and surroundings were studied. The iron abundances in the cryoconite from TP glaciers ranged from 3.40 % to 4.90 %, which reflected a natural background level. Iron oxides were extracted and determined using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The ratios of free to total iron for the five glaciers ranged from 0.31 to 0.70, emphasizing that iron in the form of oxides should be considered rather than total iron in the albedo and radiative modeling. Furthermore, the goethite content in iron oxides (in mass fraction) ranged from 81 % to 98 %, showing that goethite is the predominant form among the glaciers. Using the abundance and speciation of iron oxides as well as their optical properties, the total light absorption were quantitatively attributed to goethite, hematite, black carbon and organic matters at 450 nm and 600 nm wavelengths. We found that the goethite played a stronger role than BC at shorter wavelength for most glaciers. Such findings are essential to understand the relative significance of anthropogenic/natural effect, and then taking the proper mitigation measures.
Modelling the fate of surface melt on the Larsen C Ice Shelf
Authors: Buzzard Sammie , Feltham Daniel , Flocco Daniela
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Surface melt lakes lower the albedo of ice shelves leading to additional surface melting. This can substantially alter the surface energy balance and internal temperature and density profiles of the ice shelf. Evidence suggests that melt lakes also played a pivotal role in the sudden collapse of the Larsen B Ice Shelf in 2002. Here a recently developed, high physical fidelity model accounting for the development cycle of melt lakes is applied to the Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctica’s most northern ice shelf and one where melt lakes have been observed. We simulate current conditions on the ice shelf using weather station and reanalysis data, and investigate the impacts of potential future increases in precipitation and air temperature on melt lake formation, where concurrent increases lead to an increase in lake depth. Finally, we assess the viability of future crevasse propagation through the ice shelf due to surface meltwater accumulation.
Innovation and Leadership in Public Sector Organizations
Authors: Moussa Mahmoud , McMurray Adela , Muenjohn Nuttawuth
Published: May 2018

Although studies have addressed the factors that affect innovation, the findings have often been unclear and inconclusive. This is because there is no consistent definition of the concept of innovation in the existing literature. In addition, leadership behaviors that promote innovation in the public sector differ considerably from one nation to another. Thus, this study presents a consolidated in-depth literature review and analysis of the innovation and leadership literature that is specific to public sector organizations across nations. The analysis informs the development of a workplace innovation conceptual model specific to the public sector. The findings increase our understanding of how to effectively define innovation and to recognize the way in which leadership behaviors enhance public sector cultures of innovation.
New District Creation in Uganda and Local Actors: Passive Recipients or Active Pursuers?
Authors: Robert Tabaro , Mesharch Katusiimeh , Molenaers Nadia
Published: May 2018

From the 1990s, Uganda embarked on a process of subdividing administrative units (districts) as part of the decentralization programme supposedly to bring services closer to the people. Literature has, however, shown that in most of the cases the process is used as a strategy by the incumbent president- Museveni for his political survival. As such, new district creation is seen as a process driven by central political elites. The role of local policy entrepreneurs (actors) has thus been given limited attention. Basing on thirty five elite interviews and document review, we established that local policy entrepreneurs do matter in policy change processes and can at times challenge the position of central political elites. Focusing on the new district of Sheema in western Uganda (split from ‘mother’ district of Bushenyi in 2010), we found out that president Museveni who initially ‘opposed’ the idea of a new district had to finally give in to peoples’ demands. This was because local policy entrepreneurs in Sheema were determined, eager, highly motivated and smart in strategizing and forming alliances in the pursuit of their goals. But also because the president feared vote loss as demands gained momentum towards the 2011 general elections.
The Potentiality of Apperception
Authors: Ugilt Rasmus
Published: May 2018

In this article, I present a reading of Kant's notion of apperception in the B-version of the Critique of Pure Reason that is inspired by Giorgio Agamben's reading of Aristotle in “On Potentiality.”My aim is to show that an important characteristic of Kant's understanding (Verstand)—the capacity to judge—can be found by considering it as a specific kind of potentiality, namely, as a potentiality that exists as a mere potentiality instead of as a possible actualization. I argue that this particular notion of potentiality can be found by investigating the notions of empirical and pure apperception and the analytic and synthetic unities of apperception.
The French Protestant Experience in Francophone World Christianity: Jean-François Zorn and the History of the Société des Missions Évangéliques de Paris
Authors: Bundy David D.
Published: May 2018

During the last quarter century, a veritable flood of research has been made available on the role of French Protestants in the development of world Christianity. Generally unnoticed by scholarly communities outside the francophone world, this enterprise is transforming historiographies of Europe, Africa, and Oceania. It addresses questions of churches and mission, colonialism, conflict, intercultural relations, power, gender, racism, and more. The research has been largely provoked by that of Jean-François Zorn (professor emeritus, Institut Protestant de Théologie at Montpellier), especially his Le grand siècle d’une mission protestante; La Mission de Paris de 1822–1914. This work created cultural and intellectual space for other scholars. The resulting research is important not only for French Protestantism but for the Christianities of francophone countries, with implications generally for world Christianity. This essay introduces the work of Zorn and the last quarter century of research on the developments of Christianity in the francophone world.
Clashing with Imperial Japan: J. M. McCaleb, Japanese Christians, and the Beginnings of the Churches of Christ in Japan
Authors: Obata Yukikazu
Published: May 2018

This article investigates the mission of J. M. McCaleb and the subsequent beginnings of the Churches of Christ (Stone-Campbell) in Japan in the late nineteenth century. Specifically, it examines how McCaleb dealt with Japanese Christians in his efforts to convey the distinctive doctrines of this Christian group, as well as how McCaleb’s pacifist and antipatriotic messages were heard among Japanese converts in the developing stage of imperial Japan. The argument is twofold: McCaleb’s teachings on distinctive doctrines and pacifism/antipatriotism were not received particularly well by Japanese people of the time, but nonetheless they created a limited and yet significant space in which a few Japanese would find alternatives to what they were accustomed to thinking in the context of imperial Japan. English and Japanese sources are analyzed to examine McCaleb’s mission, particularly his interactions with three Japanese individuals.
A Query Workflow Design to Perform Automatable Distributed Regression Analysis in Large Distributed Data Networks
Authors: Her Qoua L. , Malenfant Jessica M. , Malek Sarah , Vilk Yury , Young Jessica , Li Lingling , Brown Jeffery , Toh Sengwee
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Patient privacy and data security concerns often limit the feasibility of pooling patient-level data from multiple sources for analysis. Distributed data networks (DDNs) that employ privacy-protecting analytical methods, such as distributed regression analysis (DRA), can mitigate these concerns. However, DRA is not routinely implemented in large DDNs.Objective: We describe the design and implementation of a process framework and query workflow that allow automatable DRA in real-world DDNs that use PopMedNet™, an open-source distributed networking software platform.Methods: We surveyed and catalogued existing hardware and software configurations at all data partners in the Sentinel System, a PopMedNet-driven DDN. Key guiding principles for the design included minimal disruptions to the current PopMedNet query workflow and minimal modifications to data partners’ hardware configurations and software requirements.Results: We developed and implemented a three-step process framework and PopMedNet query workflow that enables automatable DRA: 1) assembling a de-identified patient-level dataset at each data partner, 2) distributing a DRA package to data partners for local iterative analysis, and 3) iteratively transferring intermediate files between data partners and analysis center. The DRA query workflow is agnostic to statistical software, accommodates different regression models, and allows different levels of user-specified automation.Discussion: The process framework can be generalized to and the query workflow can be adopted by other PopMedNet-based DDNs.Conclusion: DRA has great potential to change the paradigm of data analysis in DDNs. Successful implementation of DRA in Sentinel will facilitate adoption of the analytic approach in other DDNs.
A oralidade no Ensino Médio: Uma análise da Base Nacional Comum Curricular
Authors: Brun Edna Pagliari
Published: May 2018

Em 2015, foi disponibilizado à opinião pública o texto da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), cujo objetivo é possibilitar o redesenho curricular da Educação Básica. Tendo como prerrogativa as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais, a base comum deve privilegiar a intertextualidade entre os componentes curriculares e o direito à aprendizagem e ao desenvolvimento do estudante. Devido à importância do Documento para a redefinição dos rumos da educação no país e para a formação inicial e continuada de professores, a pesquisa, que se inscreve nos quadros da Linguística Aplicada, analisou um aspecto do ensino de língua portuguesa no Documento Oficial: a oralidade. Nessa análise, privilegiamos a modalidade falada da língua e o tratamento dado a ela na BNCC. Os primeiros resultados apontaram que o Documento apresenta um desequilíbrio acentuado na proposição de objetivos de aprendizagem da modalidade oral e da escrita, bem como na maneira como são propostos, evidenciando a possível predileção da Base pelo ensino desta em detrimento daquela.
Metabolites able to predict uterine diseases in crossbred dairy cows during the transition period
Authors: Daibert Erick , Alvarenga Paula Batista de , Rezende Amanda Lima , Fagundes Nádia Simarro , Krüger Barbara Cristina , Santos Ricarda Maria dos , Mundim Antonio Vicente , Saut João Paulo Elsen
Published: May 2018

This study aimed to identify possible metabolites able to predict puerperal uterine diseases in crossbred dairy cows (Holstein x Gir) in the transition period. We hypothesized that, as what has been observed for Holstein cows, a negative energy balance (NEB) may increase the incidence of uterine diseases. Thirty-four lactating crossbred cows (½HG, ¼HG, ¾HG, and 5/8HG) were evaluated during prepartum (-60d and -30d), calving, and postpartum (+14d, +21d, and +35d) periods, being divided into two groups (with and without uterine diseases). NEB evaluations were based on the concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) at calving and 14 days postpartum. Nearly 1/3 of the crossbred cows presented an NEB, characterized by a significant increase in NEFA with no BHBA increase; however, it was less intense than that observed in Holstein cows during the transition period. There was a significant difference between cows with and without uterine diseases in NEFA and calcium concentrations at partum, as well as body condition score (BCS) during prepartum. In conclusion, the occurrence of uterine diseases during the transitional period is related to the BCS in the prepartum period, besides serum NEFA and calcium concentrations at partum.
Influence of food, storage temperature, and time on the extracorporeal viability of ruminal fluid of cattle
Authors: Martin Camila Cecilia , Hilgert Ayrton Rodrigo , Guirro Erica Cristina Bueno do Prado
Published: May 2018

Rumen fluid obtained from slaughter houses is sometimes used for transfaunation. In this study, we evaluated the ruminal fluid of cattle fed on pasture or pasture and concentrate and slaughtered recently. The rumen fluid samples were stored in a water bath, at ambient temperature, cooled, or frozen and subjected to physical, chemical, and microbiological evaluation for 24 h. The color, consistency, and odor changed primarily in the cooled samples, followed by the ambient temperature and water bath samples. The pH of fresh ruminal fluid was 7.5 in the pasture group and 6.4 in the pasture and concentrate group. The methylene blue reduction time of the fresh ruminal fluid was 2.35 min in the pasture group and 1.86 min in the pasture and concentrate group; the best values were observed in the water bath group. The chloride content was 15.7 mEq/l in the pasture group and 16.3±3.6 mEq/l in the pasture and concentrate group. A predominance of gram-negative bacteria was observed. The concentration of protozoa was 51.5 in the pasture group and 47.5 × 104/ml in the pasture and concentrate group, with a slight predominance of small protozoa; motility was better in the water bath samples than in the ambient temperature, cooled, and frozen samples. The viability of ruminal fluid collected from freshly slaughtered cattle was influenced by food provided in vivo; however, changes as a function of time and storage temperature were more remarkable. The rumen fluid was viable for up to 9 h when stored in the water bath (38°C) and 2 h at ambient temperature, and it was observed to be nonviable when subjected to cooling or freezing.
Nutritional composition and fermentative characteristics of Massai grass silage added with licuri (Syagrus coronata) cake
Authors: Oliveira Ronaldo Lopes , Ribeiro Ossival Lolato , Bagaldo Adriana Regina , Borja Máikal Sousa , Correia Bráulio Rocha , Lima Luciano Dos Santos , Alba Henry Daniel Ruiz , Leite Vagner Maximino , Bezerra Leilson Rocha
Published: May 2018

This study evaluated the best level of inclusion of licuri cake (Syagrus coronata) in massai grass (Megathyrsus maximus) silage by chemical composition and fermentation quality of the silage. The experiment was conducted at Experimental Farm of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of Federal University of Bahia. The treatments were composed by massai grass cut at 40 days, chopped and added at levels 0, 80, 160 and 240 g kg DM-1 of licuri cake. After mixing, the material was compressed in experimental silos, which were opened after 76 days. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments and four replications. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and regression. The addition of licuri cake improve linear increase (P < 0.01) in the contents of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, total digestible nutrients, pH, NH3-N, dry matter intake, digestible dry matter and forage value index in massai grass silage There was a linear reduction in the contents of ash, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose and cellulose (P < 0.01). There were no differences on contents non-fibrous carbohydrates (P = 0.356) and acid detergent lignin (P = 0.432). It is recommended the inclusion of licuri cake at level of 240 g kg DM-1 in massai silage, because provided the greatest chemical composition, dry matter intake, digestible dry matter and forage value index.
Effect of dietary glutamine supplementation associated with threonine levels in the intestinal mucosa of broilers challenged with Eimeria sp. from 22 to 42 days of age
Authors: Fernandes Jovanir Inês Müller , Murakami Alice Eiko , Rorig Anete , Bordignon Heloísa Laís Fialkowski , Ribeiro Mayra Vissotto , Kaneko Isabelle Naemi , Santos Tatiana Carlesso dos
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of glutamine and threonine supplementation on the ileal mucosa of broilers aged 21-42 days. Six-hundred and forty-one-day old chicks of the Cobb Slow lineage were utilized in this study. From 1 to 21 days of age, the chicks received a commercial diet; and after 22 days, the broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 ? 4 factorial scheme (challenge and diet), with 4 replications and 20 chicks per experimental unit. At 22 days of age, the challenged broilers received a commercial vaccine against coccidiosis. A commercial diet was utilized as control and three other diets were formulated with reduced crude protein (-3%), and were corrected with the addition of glutamine (Gln) and glutamic acid (Glu) as non-specific nitrogen sources, and finally supplemented with L-Threonine (Thr) at 0.70, 0.80, and 0.85% digestible threonine, respectively. At 28 days of age, diets with Gln/Glu + Thr resulted in greater ileal villi lengths. Challenge with Eimeria sp. reduced the number of goblet cells and increased the duodenal and jejunal crypt depths. At 42 days of age, an interaction was observed between diet and challenge in relation to ileal villi length; better results were observed in the challenged broilers that received 0.85% Gln/Glu + Thr. The mucosal morphology in the ileal villi extremities was preserved in the challenged broilers that received higher Thr levels in their diets. The results suggested that the inclusion of glutamine and threonine affected the morphometry and mucosa of the ileum, thereby improving the mucosal quality.
Dairy activity in family farming in Minas Gerais, Brazil: production costs and cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Santos César Correia , Almeida Júnior Gercílio Alves de , Lopes Marcos Aurélio
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study is to analyze and compare the cost-effectiveness of three family dairy farms, located in the municipality of Limeira do Oeste, MG, Brazil, as well as to identify the break-even points and the factors that most influenced the final costs, and their impacts on each property. The analyzed data comprised the period from May 2015 to May 2016 and were collected using forms developed by EMATER-MG (Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Company of the State of Minas Gerais) and MDA (Ministry of Agrarian Development). Gross and net margins as well as results (profit or loss) were considered as cost-effectiveness indices. It was realized that the dairy activity in the properties studied exhibited low efficiency in the use of inputs, implying idle productive capacity, an increase in the proportion of fixed costs in the composition of total costs, and low productivity per animal per unit area. Therefore, diary activity was highly dependent on the sale of animals in order to afford and present positive results. Among the components of the effective operating cost, feeding is the most representative (averaging 63.09%), in the three studied properties, being the tax rates considered as fixed (9.41%) and miscellaneous expenses (9.49%) also expressive. The properties showed high fixed costs and break-even points; in one property, these could not be determined as the unit variable cost was higher than the average selling price in the market. In the economic analysis, the three systems showed positive net margins and results, indicative of production viability in the long term.
Distiller’s dried grain with solubles (Zea mays L) in the diet of sheep reared in the tropical region of Brazil: ingestive behavior and physiological parameters
Authors: Geron Luiz Juliano Valério , Aguiar Sílvia Cristina de , Garcia Jocilaine , Zeoula Lúcia Maria , Coelho Kallynka Samara Martins , Santos Ilda De Souza , Carvalho José Wilson Pires , Souza Alexandre Lima de , Zanine Anderson De Moura , Diniz Leomar Custodio
Published: May 2018

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of inclusion of different levels of distiller’s dried grain with solubles (DDGS) in the diet of sheep raised in the tropical region of Brazil on ingestive behavior and physiological parameters. We used four sheep with mean body weight (BW) of 25 ± 2 kg, distributed in a Latin square design, with four periods, and four DDGS inclusion levels (0, 8, 16, and 24%). The sheep were placed in metabolism cages, and received two meals per day. The data on ingestive behavior and physiological parameters of the sheep were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the observed differences were tested using regression equations at 5% probability. The inclusion of DDGS levels in sheep diets did not change the time spent on ingestive behavior, such as dry matter intake (DMI), rumination (RUM), resting (RES), water intake (WAI), and other activities (OAC) expressed in minutes. However, during the night period, there was an increase (p < 0.05) in the time spent ruminating in relation to the daytime period. However, there was a reduction (p < 0.05) in the time spent on the activities of RES and WAI of the sheep. The inclusion of DDGS in sheep rations did not change (p > 0.05) the physiological parameters measured. However, we found that the afternoon period influenced (p < 0.05) the physiological parameters evaluated, such as body temperature of the front (BTF), body temperature of the rear (BTR), rectal temperature (RET), and respiratory frequency (REF), which were higher in relation to the values observed in the morning. Thus, we conclude that the inclusion of up to 24% of dried distillery grains with solubles in the feeding of sheep in the tropical region of Brazil does not alter the ingestive behavior and physiological parameters of sheep. However, sheep raised in confinement in the tropical region of Brazil spent more time ruminating at night. During the day, sheep spent more time on resting activities and water intake. In addition, sheep raised in a tropical environment need to be monitored for thermal stress during the afternoon, due to the increase in rectal temperature and respiratory frequency. In addition, sheep raised in a tropical environment require greater monitoring of thermal stress during the afternoon, due to the elevation of physiological parameters such as rectal temperature and respiratory frequency in this period.
Coat characteristics and physiological responses of locally adapted ewes in semiarid region of Brazil
Authors: Costa Wirton Peixoto , Pimenta Filho Edgard Cavalcanti , Leite Jacinara Hody Gurgel Morais , Silva Wallace Sóstene Tavares da , Siva Wilma Emanuela da , Lima Francisco Helton Sá de , Peixoto-Júnior Gilvan Nogueira Alves , Façanha Débora Andréa Evangelista
Published: May 2018

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat stress and characterize the coat characteristics of red and white varieties of Morada Nova sheep raised in the semiarid region of Brazil during the rainy and dry seasons. The following variables were investigated: coat thickness (CT), inclination angle of the coat (?I), hair coat density (HDE), hair length (HL) and hair diameter (HD), in conjunction with the physiological responses of rectal temperature (RT) and respiratory rate (RR). The data were tested with an analysis of variance, a Tukey test at a 5% significance level and a correlation analysis. The season of the year (dry and rainy) and the variety (red and white) were used as fixed effects in the analysis of variance. HL, HDE and HD were significantly greater in the dry season than in the rainy season (P < 0.05), but CT and ?I did not differ between seasons (P > 0.05). HL, HDE and HD were lower and ?I was greater (P < 0.05) for the red variety, but CT was statistically equal (P > 0.05) for the two varieties. It was concluded that the coat characteristics of the Morada Nova ewes favor the adaptation of the sheep to a semiarid environment, including the improved protection of the skin against ultraviolet radiation. In general, the white variety presented characteristics reflecting a higher degree of adaptation to the conditions of the Brazilian semiarid region.
Qualitative characteristics of the Longissimus thoracic lumborum muscle of Nellore cattle during different maturation periods
Authors: Farias Juliana Santos , Macedo Francisco De Assis Fonseca de , Santos Gladston Rafael De Arruda , Barbosa Leandro Teixeira , Barbosa Ana Andréia Teixeira , Almeida Fernanda Losi Alves de , Mora Natalia Holtz Alves Pedroso
Published: May 2018

The effect of maturation on the physical (pH, color, weight loss on cooking, and shear force) and biological (microbiology, concerning mesophiles and psychrotrophiles, and sarcomere length) characteristics of the Longissimus thoracic lumborum muscle of adult Nellore cattle was assessed over four maturation periods (0, 7, 14, and 21 days) and two cut thicknesses (2.5 and 7.5 cm). Sixty-four Longissimus thoracic lumborum muscles from castrated Nellore males were purchased from Frigorífico Nutrial, Sergipe, Brazil. The study was performed using a completely randomized design, corresponding to a 2 x 4 factorial with eight replicates. The microbiological analysis revealed the sanitary conditions in which the samples were handled and stored, yielding counts of psychrotrophiles (2.18 x 105 CFU g-1) and mesophiles (2.4 x 105 CFU g-1) well below the critical deterioration level (106 CFU g-1). The pH (5.57) and the loss on cooking (24.13%) were not influenced by the evaluated variables (P > 0.05). The other evaluated parameters significantly varied as a function of the maturation period and the cut thickness (both P < 0.05). Meat luminosity varied with both the cut thickness and maturation period. The 2.5-cm-thick cut matured for 14 days and the 7.5-cm-thick cut matured for 21 days were darker than the 2.5-cm-thick cut matured for 7 days and the 7.5-cm-thick cut matured for 14 days, which were the lighter-colored samples (similar to non-matured meat). The intensity of the red color of the meat was different beginning after 14 days of maturation in the 7.5-cm cuts (P < 0.05) but differences were not evident in any of the 2.5-cm cuts (P > 0.05). Regarding the b* intensity, the 2.5-cm cut yielded a darker staining at time zero, which decreased with the maturation period. However, the 7.5-cm cut differed between the non-matured and the matured samples. Regarding the red and yellow color of the meat fat (a* and b*, respectively), a* displayed lighter intensity at 7 days of maturation or the 2.5-cm cut (P < 0.05), while the intensity of b* was similar from 7 days of maturation onwards for both cuts (P > 0.05). The shear force of the meat decreased to 4.49 kgf at 21 days of maturation. The sarcomere length varied for the 2.5-cm cut (P < 0.05) but not for the 7.5-cm cut, which remained constant (P > 0.05). Longissimus thoracic lumborum muscle of adult Nellore cattle should be matured as a larger, vacuum-packed cut for a minimum of 14 days to produce meat with improved quality.
Performance of pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings in response to the application of humic acid and plant growth-promoting bacteria
Authors: Oliveira Hend Pereira de , Melo Raphael Oliveira de , Baldotto Marihus Altoé , Andrade Messias Antônio , Baldotto Lílian Estrela Borges
Published: May 2018

Sugarcane cultivation using pre-sprouted seedlings has decreased the number of stalks used per hectare, increased the multiplication rate, improved seedling health, and increased planting uniformity. However, because this system has been only recently proposed, the number of studies evaluating this new technology is still scarce, particularly those examining the effect of the application of growth-promoting substances on seedling characteristics during the production phase. Here, we hypothesized that it is possible to combine the plant growth-promoting activity of humic acid (HA) with the inoculation of selected strains of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) to improve the yield of sugarcane seedlings compared with the individual application of these two techniques. The potential of the combined use of HA and PGPB as agricultural inputs was evaluated by conducting an experiment with sugarcane micro cuttings in a greenhouse. Treatments included control, PGPB, HA, and PGPB with HA. At the end of the experiment (60 d after planting), the plants were subjected to biometric evaluation. The results indicated that it was possible to combine HA with selected strains of PGPB (Burkholderia sp.) to improve the yield of seedlings compared with individual HA and PGPB treatments. HA, PGPB, and HA + PGPB increased the total dry matter compared with the control by 23%, 25%, and 36%, respectively. Therefore, the use of HA-based plant regulators in combination with PGPB was more effective than the isolated use of these inputs for the treatment of micro cuttings and improvement of sugarcane seedling yield.
O delineamento de uma pesquisa em imagens e audiovisuais na Ciência da Informação: o “tagueamento” como quarta dimensão
Authors: Cordeiro Rosa Inês de Novais
Published: May 2018

Introdução: Abordam-se quatro dimensões convergentes no delineamento de uma pesquisa em imagens e audiovisuais na área da Ciência da Informação e, em particular, no contexto da organização da informação visual.Objetivo: Apontar que um estudo de imagens e audiovisuais se substancia com maior densidade quando as seguintes dimensões são ponderadas/clarificadas na pesquisa: a especialidade da Ciência da Informação envolvida, bem como as áreas de interface ou campo operacional eleito; a natureza do corpus de análise; os cenários sociais, culturais, econômicos, entre outros, relacionados, em ambientes informacionais físicos ou digitais; e o estado da arte da literatura.Metodologia: Reflexão teórica a partir da literatura que aborda a indexação para a representação e o acesso do objeto de estudo em ambientes de informação.Resultados: As quatro dimensões impactam na determinação das variáveis que devem ser consideradas em uma pesquisa sobre informações visuais e nos resultados alcançados, tendo em conta que esse universo de informações é gigantesco e repleto de peculiaridades. No que tange à quarta dimensão destacam-se na literatura sobre imagem e audiovisuais no âmbito da indexação e busca da informação, os artigos sobre o ”tagueamento” colaborativo/social, os quais tentam determinar a relação cognitiva da atribuição de tags (etiquetagens livres) nas consultas.Conclusões: Na literatura analisada percebe-se a abordagem de três das dimensões mencionadas, contudo a dimensão da problematização e caracterização dos cenários carece de uma maior exposição.
Inteligência de negócios e sua condição epistemológica na ciência da informação
Authors: Lucas Alexandre , Viera Angel Freddy Godoy , Vianna William Barbosa
Published: May 2018

Introdução: A Inteligência de Negócios ou Business Intelligence (BI) é um termo bastante empregado em diversos universos e apresenta imprecisões sobre a sua definição e suas delimitações epistemológicas. A Ciência da Informação tradicionalmente tem investigado as propriedades e o comportamento informacional, as forças que governam os fluxos de informação, e os significados do processamento da informação, visando à acessibilidade e a usabilidade ótima. Nesse sentido, pergunta-se: A Ciência da Informação possui suporte epistemológico para contribuir com o desenvolvimento de abordagens de Inteligência de Negócios? Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo é identificar os fundamentos epistemológicos que permitem abordar a Inteligência de Negócios no campo da Ciência da Informação. Metodologia: O estudo, de natureza exploratória, busca ampliar o entendimento do tema por meio de uma revisão conceitual sobre as origens, a epistemologia e abrangência da Ciência da Informação e as interconexões com a Inteligência de Negócios. Resultados: O resultado identifica as potencialidades da Ciência da Informação para com a Inteligência de Negócios por meio de seus paradigmas e modelos de estudo dos conhecimentos. Conclusões: O paradigma cognitivo - seu modelo de estudo, pesquisadores e teorias da informação - é apresentado como o mais especificamente apropriado para o suporte epistemológico de Inteligência de Negócios no campo da Ciência da Informação.
Entre revisões sistemáticas e bibliometrias: como tem sido mapeada a produção acadêmica em Administração no Brasil?
Authors: Cassundé Fernanda Roda de Souza Araújo , Barbosa Milka Alves Correia , Mendonça José Ricardo Costa
Published: May 2018

Introdução: Considerando os avanços e expansão da ciência e tecnologia nas últimas décadas, diversos são os autores que tem debatido a importância do mapeamento e discussão da produção acadêmica em distintas áreas do conhecimento. Objetivo: Este estudo teve por propósito realizar uma discussão sobre as metodologias utilizadas para mapear o campo científico na área de Administração. Metodologia: Utilizou-se a base de dados da Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library (SPELL). Considerando a regra da exaustividade de Bardin (2011), foram descobertos e recuperados 83 artigos, compreendidos entre o período de 2005 a 2015. Resultados: Um grupo específico de pesquisadores vem desenvolvendo o mapeamento da produção na área desde 2005. Múltiplas bases de dados (de eventos e periódicos, nacionais e internacionais) estão sendo utilizadas para o mapeamento da produção. A Administração tem se voltado aos estudos bibliométricos, e as revisões sistemáticas e revisões sistemáticas de literatura permanecem bastante pontuais. Conclusão: Realizar a discussão das metodologias empregadas para mapear o campo científico na área de administração mostrou-se bastante relevante, principalmente porque existe, de acordo com os resultados obtidos, uma confusão conceitual entre estudos bibliométricos e revisões sistemáticas.
A competência em informação e o comportamento informacional dos usuários de bibliotecas híbridas: um estudo comparativo no Brasil e na Escócia
Authors: Silva Rafaela Carolina , Ottonicar Selma Letícia Capinzaiki , Caldas Rosângela Formentini , Castro Filho Cláudio Marcondes de
Published: May 2018

Introdução: As bibliotecas híbridas possuem vários recursos a oferecer para os usuários. Assim, eles precisam ser competentes em informação para conseguir acessar, avaliar e usar a informação nessas bibliotecas. Além disso, eles precisam desenvolver seu comportamento informacional para acessar as informações de maneira efetiva. Objetivos: A pesquisa busca refletir sobre a relação da competência em informação e do comportamento informacional no contexto das bibliotecas híbridas. Metodologia: A Análise de Conteúdo foi usada para levantar os indicadores de bibliotecas híbridas a serem estudados. Utilizou-se o Estudo de Casos Múltiplos para comparar a relação da competência em informação e do comportamento informacional no contexto das bibliotecas híbridas do Brasil e do Reino Unido. Resultados: Com a bagagem teórica que a revisão de literatura trouxe, juntamente com os dados levantados no Estudo de Caso, construiu-se um quadro teórico inter-relacionando as temáticas estudadas no âmbito da hibridez. Conclusões: destacou-se que as bibliotecas híbridas se utilizam da competência em informação e do comportamento informacional para ir além do usuário. Nesse sentido, os objetivos da biblioteca vão de encontro com as necessidades informacionais dos usuários.
As concepções de professores do ensino fundamental II sobre a idade média: uma análise sob a ótica da educação histórica
Authors: Pina Max Lanio Martins , Silva Janaína Bernardes
Published: May 2018

As reflexões contidas neste artigo referem-se a uma investigação realizada com professores que atuam nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental com a disciplina de História, cujo objetivo é analisar e compreender suas concepções em relação ao conceito de Idade Média que é ministrado nessa fase da educação básica. Além das percepções, busca-se o entendimento da relevância desse conteúdo, assim como a forma que ele é abordado, quais recursos ou linguagens são utilizados didaticamente para realizar o seu ensino em sala de aula. Por fim, buscou-se investigar se os docentes acreditam na capacidade de compreensão dos estudantes em relação à temática medieval. Para realização da pesquisa contou-se com o auxílio dos conceitos e do método utilizado na Educação Histórica, que consiste na aplicação de um instrumental de cognição situado em história, com a finalidade de se obter as narrativas dos professores para em seguida classificá-las em categorias visando sua compreensão. Neste sentido, foi aplicado um questionário contendo 5 questões, as quais foram respondidas por 13 professores vinculados a rede pública municipal de Porangatu, Goiás. A investigação se respaldou nos seguintes pesquisadores: Barca (2000 a 2012), Germinari (2011), Castex (2008), Cainelli (2008 e 2012), Saddi (2011), Rüsen (2001 e 2007) e Silva (2011 e 2012), os quais são expoentes da linha de investigação da Educação Histórica na Europa e no Brasil. Palavras-chave: Concepções de Professores. Idade Média. Ideias Históricas. Educação Histórica.
História indígena no período republicano e os livros didáticos de História: uma reflexão necessária
Authors: Duarte André Luis Bertelli , Tedeschi Felipe Cesar Peres
Published: May 2018

O ensino da história e cultura dos povos indígenas no Brasil vivenciou avanços significativos nos últimos anos impulsionados, sobretudo, pela sua obrigatoriedade definida pela lei 11.645/08. É inegável que esforços têm sido direcionados por professores e demais envolvidos na educação básica no sentido de oferecer um ensino de qualidade que seja capaz de responder ao desafio da educação para o exercício da diversidade em sua relação com os povos indígenas. Alguns desafios, entretanto, ainda se projetam no horizonte destes profissionais. Neste artigo discutimos especificamente a importância da superação de uma “lacuna” existente nos materiais didáticos de história destinados, atualmente, ao público do ensino fundamental, a saber, a pouca ênfase dada aos processos históricos engendrados no período republicano brasileiro que envolvem as diversas etnias indígenas. Sem o enfrentamento destas questões, o ensino da história e cultura destes povos em nossas escolas não conseguirá dimensionar e problematizar as suas diversas demandas históricas e contemporâneas.  Palavras-chave: Povos indígenas brasileiros. República. Livros didáticos. História.
Exposure to radiation and medical oncology training: A survey of Canadian urology residents and fellows
Authors: Taggar Amandeep S. , Martell Kevin , Husain Siraj , Peacock Michael , Sia Michael , Gotto Geoffrey
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Residency experiences and teaching in oncology among urology residents are variable across Canada. We sought to identify how radiation and medical oncology concepts, as they pertain to genitourinary malignancies, are taught to urology residents.Methods: A total of 190 trainees enrolled in Canadian urology residency training programs were invited to participate in the study from January 2016 to June 2016. Participants completed an online questionnaire addressing the training they received.Results: The overall response rate was 32%. Twenty-three percent of respondents were in their fellowship year; 17%, 20%, 10%, 17%, and 12% were first-, second-, third-, fourth-, and fifth-year residents, respectively, with a median of four (range 1–9) respondents from each training program. Ninety-five percent of respondents had academic half-day (AHD) as part of their training that included radiotherapy (61%) and chemotherapy (51%) teaching. Most respondents indicated their main exposure to chemotherapy and radiation came from informal teaching in urology clinics. Twentynine percent and 41%, of participants had mandatory rotations in radiation and medical oncology, respectively. Only 6% of respondents used their voluntary elective time in these disciplines and most voluntary electives were of 1–2-week duration. Despite this, 90% of respondents preferred some mandatory radiation and medical oncology training.Conclusions: Most of the limited exposure that urology residents have to medical and radiation oncology is through AHD or informal urology clinics, despite a desire among current urology trainees to have clinical exposure in these areas. Moving forward, urology residency programs should consider integrating medical and radiation oncology rotations into the residency program curriculum.