bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Response Time Threshold Scoring Procedures in Mitigating Bias From Rapid Guessing Behavior
Authors: Rios Joseph A. , Deng Jiayi
Published: April 2023

Rapid guessing (RG) is a form of non-effortful responding that is characterized by short response latencies. This construct-irrelevant behavior has been shown in previous research to bias inferences concerning measurement properties and scores. To mitigate these deleterious effects, a number of response time threshold scoring procedures have been proposed, which recode RG responses (e.g., treat them as incorrect or missing, or impute probable values) and then estimate parameters for the recoded dataset using a unidimensional or multidimensional IRT model. To date, there have been limited attempts to compare these methods under the possibility that RG may be misclassified in practice. To address this shortcoming, the present simulation study compared item and ability parameter recovery for four scoring procedures by manipulating sample size, the linear relationship between RG propensity and ability, the percentage of RG responses, and the type and rate of RG misclassifications. Results demonstrated two general trends. First, across all conditions, treating RG responses as incorrect produced the largest degree of combined systematic and random error (larger than ignoring RG). Second, the remaining scoring approaches generally provided equal accuracy in parameter recovery when RG was perfectly identified; however, the multidimensional IRT approach was susceptible to increased error as misclassification rates grew. Overall, the findings suggest that recoding RG as missing and employing a unidimensional IRT model is a promising approach.
Most Mathematics Classrooms Contain Wide-Ranging Achievement Levels
Authors: Pedersen Blaine , Makel Matthew C. , Rambo-Hernandez Karen E. , Peters Scott J. , Plucker Jonathan
Published: April 2023

School-based learning experiences are often designed with the “typical” student in mind. However, this may not be an optimal approach, given the variability of prior learning that exists in most classrooms. We investigated the variance in achievement within U.S. fourth- and eighth-grade mathematics classrooms using Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), an international assessment that uses representative samples within participating countries and has pre-established benchmarks. Approximately 23% of students in a typical Grade 4 classroom were found to score at or below the low benchmark, whereas 14% met or exceeded the advanced benchmark; these numbers are 35% and 14% for Grade 8 classrooms. That is, nearly 38% and 49% of students in the typical Grade 4 and 8 classroom, respectively, may require instruction substantially different from typical “grade-level” instruction to allow them to work within their zone of proximal development for mathematics. Furthermore, approximately 69% of Grade 4 and 35% of Grade 8 classrooms included students across all four benchmarks. Finally, about 68% and 37% of the variance lay within classrooms at each grade level, respectively. These results provide evidence that one-size-fits-all age-based approaches to instruction are unlikely to provide effectively targeted learning experiences for all students. Instead, a variety of services, such as flexible ability grouping or acceleration, may provide more relevant instruction.
“Money is not an issue!”: Hospital CFOs’ narratives about handling a sudden shift in managerial focus
Authors: Malmmose Margit , Dahl Pedersen Lars
Published: April 2023

The sustained political and managerial focus on cost containment and efficiency in hospitals has been altered by COVID-19-related concerns about public health. Through a novel qualitative study in Denmark, we explore CFOs’ narratives of their experiences during a sudden shift in managerial logic. All of the CFOs describe engagement in key operational procedures and change management that was fostered by the constant search for stability that strongly depended on bottom-up decision-making and flexibility. During this process, the existing competing logics of managerialism and medical professionalism vanished. The CFOs describe new forms of dynamic and collaborative approaches. The possibility of adhering to the core logic of administrative accounting techniques combined with urgency and emotional encounters appears to enable this approach. Thus, we document a moment when well-known opposing logics were suspended by exogenous urgency. This finding suggests possibilities for moving beyond deep-rooted views on established public administration structures and logics.

Points for practitioners

Financial managers show administrative skills that are useful for public administration changes in both administration and daily operations. These managers appear to have a strong core identity and willingness to dynamically engage with and facilitate acute frontline operational issues. In an emergency situation such as COVID-19, we find co-dependency across subject fields (administration and medical professions) which enables collaborations.
Social Media Use as an Impulsive ‘Escape From Freedom’
Authors: Reed Phil , Haas Will
Published: April 2023

It has been suggested that avoiding choice represents an anxiety-avoidance strategy, which has not been investigated in the context of social media. To this end, the current study explored the relationship between social media dependency and a preference for ‘forced’ choice, along with its association with anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and experiential avoidance. The sample comprised 151 volunteer participants (18–32 years) who completed a psychometric test battery, including: the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale; Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory; Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale; and Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire. They also undertook a behavioural assessment based on a paradigm developed for pigeons, in which they selected either a situation with a free choice of alternatives, and one with a forced choice. Intolerance of uncertainty mediated the relationship between social media dependency and anxiety. In addition, those with lower social media dependency preferred being able to choose the contingency they worked on, while those with higher scores exhibited no such preference. This partly confirmed that social media dependency is associated with a reduced preference for freedom, but does not suggest social media dependency actively produced a preference for a lack of freedom. The speed of decision making was also faster in those with high social media dependency scores, in line with previous findings that they show higher levels of impulsive behaviours. The results suggest that anxiety and social media dependency are related, and fear of uncertainty and is linked with digital experiential avoidance.
Lessons Learned From Monitoring Spanish-Language Vaccine Misinformation During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bonnevie Erika , Ricciulli Valeria , Fields Megan , O’Neill Ruth
Published: April 2023

COVID-19 vaccine misinformation is a global threat, and digital and social media support its spread. Addressing Spanish-language vaccine misinformation is critical. In 2021, we began a project to increase vaccine confidence and uptake in the United States by assessing and opposing Spanish-language COVID-19 vaccine misinformation circulating in the United States. Analysts identified trending Spanish-language vaccine misinformation each week, and trained journalists provided communications guidance for addressing the misinformation, which we delivered to community organizations via a weekly newsletter. We identified thematic and geographic trends and highlighted lessons learned to inform future efforts to monitor Spanish-language vaccine misinformation. We collected publicly available Spanish- and English-language COVID-19 vaccine misinformation across various media sources (eg, Twitter, Facebook, news, blogs). Analysts identified top trending vaccine misinformation in the Spanish query and compared it with vaccine misinformation in the English query. Analysts examined misinformation to identify its geographic source and dominant conversation themes. From September 2021 through March 2022, analysts flagged 109 pieces of trending Spanish-language COVID-19 vaccine misinformation. Through this work, we found that Spanish-language vaccine misinformation is easily identifiable. Linguistic networks are not distinct, and vaccine misinformation often circulates across English and Spanish queries. Several websites have outsized influence in promoting Spanish-language vaccine misinformation, suggesting that it may be important to focus on a handful of hyperinfluential accounts and websites. Efforts to address Spanish-language vaccine misinformation must incorporate collaboration with local communities and emphasize community building and empowerment. Ultimately, addressing Spanish-language vaccine misinformation is not an issue of data access and knowledge of how to monitor it; it is an issue of prioritization.
The Impact of Nurse Practitioner-Led Primary Care on Quality and Cost for Medicaid-Enrolled Patients in States With Pay Parity
Authors: Harrison Jordan M. , Kranz Ashley M. , Chen Annie Yu-An , Liu Harry H. , Martsolf Grant R. , Cohen Catherine C. , Dworsky Michael
Published: April 2023

Studies have established that nurse practitioners (NPs) deliver primary care comparable to physicians in quality and cost, but most focus on Medicare, a program that reimburses NPs less than physicians. In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the quality and cost implications of receiving primary care from NPs compared to physicians in 14 states that reimburse NPs at the Medicaid fee-for-service (FFS) physician rate (i.e., pay parity). We linked national provider and practice data with Medicaid data for adults with diabetes and children with asthma (2012-2013). We attributed patients to primary care NPs and physicians based on 2012 evaluation & management claims. Using 2013 data, we constructed claims-based primary care quality measures and condition-specific costs of care for FFS enrollees. We estimated the effect of NP-led care on quality and costs using: (1) weighting to balance observable confounders and (2) an instrumental variable (IV) analysis using differential distance from patients’ residences to primary care practices. Adults with diabetes received comparable quality of care from NPs and physicians at similar cost. Weighted results showed no differences between NP- and physician-attributed patients in receipt of recommended care or diabetes-related hospitalizations. For children with asthma, costs of NP-led care were lower but quality findings were mixed: NP-led care was associated with lower use of appropriate medications and higher rates of asthma-related emergency department visits but similar rates of asthma-related hospitalization. IV analyses revealed no evidence of differences in quality between NP- and physician-led care. Our findings suggest that in states with Medicaid pay parity, NP-led care is comparable to physician-led care for adults with diabetes, while associations between NP-led care and quality were mixed for children with asthma. Increased use of NP-led primary care may be cost-neutral or cost-saving, even under pay parity.
An Assessment of the Knowledge, Support, and Behavior Surrounding the Implementation of the Prison Rape Elimination Act
Authors: Smith Hayden P. , Ferdik Frank , Dunton Creaig , Bolaji Qassim
Published: April 2023

The Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) was designed to eliminate from corrections systems all acts of sexual violence. PREA’s success will be determined by whether corrections staff and incarcerated persons support this law, understand its legal elements, and are enforcing it according to it’s original intentions. To date, few studies have examined whether members of both populations do indeed support PREA, and whether they are enforcing it correctly. To explore these issues, questionnaire data were collected from corrections staff ( N = 222) and incarcerated persons ( N = 490) housed in three medium-level security prisons located in the southeastern United States. While both groups expressed personal support for PREA, neither perceived the other as supportive of this law. Moreover, while an overwhelming majority of each sample responded correctly to questions about PREA, there were some incorrect answers too, specifically with regard to mandatory reporting procedures. Policy implications are discussed.
The Mucosal Manifestations of Syphilis in the Head and Neck
Authors: Khan Mahnoor , Sharma Abhay , Hathorn Travis , Sandhu Mannat , Rosen Ross , Riddle Nicole , Mifsud Matthew
Published: April 2023

Objectives: Syphilis is a resurging disease which can present itself in many ways, including lesions within the head and neck mucosa. Some of these lesions may clinically mimic oral malignancies. This literature review aims to better characterize the mucosal presentations of syphilis. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched for full-text, English articles published from 1950 to 2022 that reported patients with head and neck mucosal manifestations of syphilis. Articles were screened according to PRISMA guidelines. Results: One hundred forty-three manuscripts documenting 236 individual patients were included in the review. Patients with secondary syphilis accounted for 62% of patients presenting with head and neck mucosal lesions. The most common lesions found in primary and secondary syphilis were ulcerations, primarily found on the tongue, lips, and palate. While serologic studies are the gold standard for diagnosing syphilis, biopsy of these lesions have characteristic syphilitic changes. Conclusions: Syphilis’ nickname of “The great imitator” remains to be true, and the head and neck mucosal manifestations of this disease can resemble commonly seen malignancies. Awareness of this disease and its lesions is prudent given the rising incidence of syphilis within the United States.
Primary Synovial Sarcoma of the Nasopharynx in a Case—Case Report
Authors: Xiang Xuejing , Luo Yuanyuan , Du Haibo , Ma Xiaojie
Published: April 2023

Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a rare malignant tumor with bidirectional differentiation potential in epithelial and mesenchymal tissues and is a more chemosensitive subtype of soft tissue sarcoma. It occurs around the synovial soft tissues of large joints of the extremities and rarely in the nasopharynx. We present a young man with recurrent left-sided nasal congestion with nosebleeds, confirmed by immunohistochemistry and cytogenetic examination as SS. SS is easily misdiagnosed, and the tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis, with surgery combined with radiotherapy as the primary treatment option.
Latent growth curve analyses of emotional awareness and emotion regulation in early and middle adolescence
Authors: Rueth Jana-Elisa , Kerkhoff Denny , Lohaus Arnold
Published: April 2023

The importance of emotional awareness (EA) and emotion regulation (ER) for children’s and adolescents’ development has been suggested in numerous studies, but longitudinal trajectories of these aspects of emotional competence have rarely been examined. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to investigate developmental trends of EA and ER in early and middle adolescence over a 1-year period. Longitudinal increases of different aspects of EA (emotion differentiation, bodily unawareness, attention to others’, and analyses of own emotions) and dysfunctional ER, and decreases of functional ER were expected. Furthermore, it was explored whether these trajectories as well as their initial levels were associated with gender and age. Three-wave longitudinal self-report data of N = 1,225 German adolescents (aged 10–15 years at initial assessment, 54% female) who had completed the Emotion Awareness Questionnaire and the Regulation of Emotions Questionnaire were analyzed. After establishing at least partial scalar measurement invariance for the longitudinal models, the second-order Latent Growth Curve Models (LGCMs) were computed. Regarding EA, increases of emotion differentiation and bodily unawareness, as well as adolescents’ attention to others’ emotions, but also a decrease of their willingness to analyze own emotions were found. For ER, results suggested stability of dysfunctional and decreases of functional strategies. Conditional LGCMs (including gender, age, and the interaction between both) indicated that the increase of emotion differentiation and the decrease in the use of selected functional ER strategies were more pronounced for younger participants. Gender differences were found only for baseline but not for developmental trends, and no significant interaction with age was found. Overall, this study illustrates the developmental trajectories of EA and ER over the course of 1 year and emphasizes that adolescents have difficulties in applying functional ER strategies with increasing age, despite improvements in EA.
A review for comparative text mining: From data acquisition to practical application
Authors: Wei Na , Zhao Songzheng , Liu Jing , Wang Shenghui
Published: April 2023

Social media provides customers with great opportunities to share their opinions regarding certain products and services. Comparative text, as an important expression form, deserves further exploration, since it contains considerable comparative information between different products and services. In this study, we review existing research on Comparative Text Mining (CTM) in the past 16 years. Basic concepts related to CTM are first described, and a general research framework is subsequently proposed. We then dive into each component of the research framework, ranging from data acquisition, comparative text identification (CTI), comparative relation extraction (CRE), to potential applications. In addition, we conduct extensive experimental analysis on existing methods for CTI and CRE, and clarify their limitations. Accordingly, we provide corresponding insights, and point out future research directions.
Investigation of the multidimensional determinants of negative nutrition coping strategies and tradeoffs in adults accessing food relief: A secondary data analysis
Authors: Wright Lauri , Marsland Cheryl , Ross Jen , Arikawa Andrea , Nicholson-Bell Jody , Epps James
Published: April 2023

Background

Multidimensional determinants influence negative nutrition coping strategies and tradeoffs in households accessing food relief.

Aims

This study examined coping strategies and tradeoffs at different levels of food insecurity from individuals accessing food relief and how these behaviors relate to experience-based food insecurity dimensions and subpopulations at risk.

Methods

A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the Sunshine State Hunger Survey (SSHS) was conducted. The SSHS was a paper-based, 48-question survey, including questions about coping strategies and tradeoffs, use of food assistance programs, and food security.

Results

Out of 616 respondents who completed the survey, 73.9% identified as food insecure while 19.1%, as food secure. The average age of participants was 59.6 years and 62.6% were female. One-way analysis of variance indicated increases in negative nutrition coping strategies and tradeoffs with increasing levels of food insecurity status. The most common coping strategy reported by those with very low food security was “Eating less so children or others have enough food,” while the most common tradeoff was “Trading off medicine or medical care for food.” Two-step cluster analysis identified homogeneous subgroups by behavior and demographic characteristics: (1) late adult worriers, (2) middle adult traders, and (3) middle/late adult copers.

Conclusion

Identifying coping strategies and tradeoffs used by participants accessing food relief is a multidimensional approach to addressing determinants of food insecurity. Future research on conceptual pathways is warranted to see if experience-based food insecurity variables help to understand relationships across a continuum, including barriers and influencers.
The potential politics of the porous city
Authors: Enright Theresa , Olmstead Nathan
Published: April 2023

This article discusses the concept of porosity and what it might offer critical urbanism. It engages recent scholarly and practical writing on the “porous city,” outlining three sets of contributions that porosity offers in analyzing contemporary urbanization patterns and in orienting planning, policymaking, and knowledge production. First, the porous city offers a critical epistemological lens focused on flow and relations, which supports mobile and infrastructural ways of viewing and knowing the city. Second, the porous city suggests the ontological features of interpenetrating geographies and temporalities, which take the urban to be a topological space of potential politics. Third, the porous city entails an ideal to which planning practice should aspire, particularly in relation to forms of urbanism and city-building that are open to multifunctionality, difference, and dynamism over time. While each of these represents a promising direction in critical urban praxis, we argue that porosity also has its limits. The porous city is conceptually malleable and normatively ambiguous and it risks overreach as well as recuperation within exclusionary and exploitative urban development agendas. We claim that the porous city should not be treated as a comprehensive global ambition, but rather, is most valuable when used to discern and build discrete architectures of power.
Diagnostic accuracy of MRI for assessing lymphovascular space invasion in endometrial carcinoma: a meta-analysis
Authors: Meng Xuxu , Yang Dawei , Deng Yuhui , Xu Hui , Jin He , Yang Zhenghan
Published: April 2023

Background

The lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) status of endometrial cancer (EC) has guiding significance in lymph node dissection. However, LVSI can only be obtained after surgery. Researchers have tried to extract the information of LVSI using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Purpose

To evaluate the ability of preoperative MRI to predict the LVSI status of EC.

Material and Methods

A search was conducted by using the PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases. Articles were included according to the criteria. Methodological quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2. A bivariate random effects model was used to obtain pooled summary estimates, heterogeneity, and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). A subgroup analysis was performed to identify sources of heterogeneity.

Results

A total of nine articles (814 patients) were included. The risk of bias was low or unclear for most studies, and the applicability concerns were low or unclear for all studies. The summary AUC values as well as pooled sensitivity and specificity of LVSI status in EC were 0.82, 73%, and 77%, respectively. According to the subgroup analysis, radiomics/non-radiomics features, country/region, sample size, age, MR manufacturer, magnetic field, scores of risk bias, and scores of applicability concern may have caused heterogeneity.

Conclusion

Our meta-analysis showed that MRI has moderate diagnostic efficacy for LVSI status in EC. Large-sample, uniformly designed studies are needed to verify the true value of MRI in assessing LVSI.
Update on the relationship between the SLC4A7 variant rs4973768 and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Yuhui , Ma Xiaoxia , Sun Jinglan
Published: April 2023

Objective

This meta-analysis aimed to update knowledge about the association between the SLC4A7 variant rs4973768 and breast cancer incidence.

Methods

Studies were identified from relevant digital databases. Fixed- or random-effects models were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Statistical Q and I2 tests and sensitivity analyses were used to detect interstudy heterogeneity and test the statistical stability of overall estimates, respectively. Egger’s tests were applied to detect publication bias among included studies. In silico analysis was used to ascertain increased expression of SLC4A7 mRNA in rs4973768 with the mutant allele. Trial sequential analysis was used to calculate the study’s sample size.

Results

The overall odds ratios reflected a positive correlation between the SLC4A7 rs4973768 polymorphism and susceptibility to breast cancer in five genetic comparisons of alleles T and C, and tests revealed significant heterogeneity in the allele comparison. After stratification by ethnicity, heterogeneity in Asian and White populations substantially decreased (Ph = 0.984, I2 = 0%) and remained stable (Ph = 0.083, I2 = 46.3%), respectively. The mutant allele was associated with increased expression of SLC4A7 mRNA in rs4973768. The cumulative z curve indicated that our conclusions were robust.

Conclusions

Our updated consequence shows that the SLC4A7 rs4973768 polymorphism is associated with increased breast cancer risk.
Tackling Epistemic and Cognitive Injustice in Political Dialogue: The Case of OACPS–EU Relations
Authors: Vihma Katri
Published: April 2023

This article examines the preconditions for an epistemically and cognitively more just form of political dialogue. Such dialogue requires treating each participant and their knowledges as equal as well as securing the participant’s epistemic and material possibilities to engage in deliberation. Drawing on Iris M. Young’s communicative ethics and both Walter D. Mignolo’s and Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni’s decolonial theorising, I suggest three moves for realising these conditions. Thus, I bring feminist epistemology and decolonial thought into a mutually enriching discussion and put forward ideals that are important for improving accounts of political deliberation in world politics. Empirically, the analysis contributes to an understanding of epistemic and cognitive injustices and related colonial tendencies in the relationship between the Organization of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS) and European Union (EU). Moreover, I provide policy proposals for reducing the identified injustices and other associated asymmetries between the parties in the post-Cotonou era.

Lutter contre les injustices épistémiques et cognitives dans le dialogue politique : le cas des relations entre l’OEACP et l’UE
Structural Causality Between Road Traffic and Particulate Matter Concentrations in Urban Areas
Authors: Chang Justin S. , Park Sungbeom
Published: April 2023

Road traffic makes a major contribution to air pollution by emitting solid and liquid particles, also known as particulate matter, into the air. However, the causal relationship between road traffic and particulate matter emissions has not been adequately explored, primarily because traffic is the result of dynamic interactions involving many real-time variables, such as volume and speed. This study used structural equation modeling to quantify this complex causal relationship. A one-year survey using a mobile laboratory was conducted to collect data on particulate matter concentrations and traffic, which were then combined with weather statistics provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration. The key finding of this study suggests that greater attention in research and policy should be directed toward non-exhaust particulate matter emissions from road traffic.
Analyzing the Impact of Strategies for Separating Trucks and Cars: IH 20 Truck-Only Lane Case Study
Authors: Sharma Sushant , Shelton Jeffrey , Warner Jeffery , Morgan Curtis
Published: April 2023

This research examined the use of truck-only lanes to separate truck freight traffic from general passenger traffic along the 32-mi interstate highway (IH) 20 corridor between Dallas and Fort Worth, TX, United States. The corridor was selected because of its high truck percentage, locations of complex weaving and interactions between trucks and automobiles, and grade change issues that affect truck performance and raise safety concerns. The simulation-based modeling approach leveraged both mesoscopic and microscopic modeling methods. Dynamic traffic assignment (DTA)-based multiresolution modeling examined the regional impact of adding truck-only lanes along the entire IH 20 study corridor, whereas microsimulation focused on a specific segment with distinct operational challenges to model the interaction between truck traffic and general passenger traffic. The DTA mesoscopic model for the region predicted that around 3,000 trucks daily might shift to the dedicated truck-only lanes in both directions giving a travel time saving of 12% in each direction compared with the base case (no build). Focusing on the microsimulation case study to add an inside truck-only climbing lane on a 5-mi segment on IH 20, the model predicted an average increase in speed of 11 mph for eastbound traffic during the morning peak-hour but limited travel time benefits during the morning and afternoon peak hours in either direction. Reasonable safety and operational benefits were observed based on the analysis.
Quantifying the Impact of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement on the Skid Resistance of Surface Mixtures
Authors: Hu Sheng , Zhou Fujie , Scullion Tom , Fernando Emmanuel , Souliman Mena I.
Published: April 2023

Pavement skid resistance is critical for public safety, especially in wet-weather conditions. In Texas, as the population grows and the likelihood of wet-surface crashes and fatalities increases, the use of Surface Aggregate Classification A (SAC-A) aggregate has significantly increased each year to improve pavement skid resistance. Texas Department of Transportation specifications allow for the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) to conserve natural resources and save costs. However, the impact of RAP on the skid resistance of the surface mixture was unknown or not quantitatively studied. Currently, all RAPs are categorized as Surface Aggregate Classification B aggregate in Texas. This study proposed a method of quantitatively evaluating the skid resistance of RAP aggregate using a dynamic friction tester (DFT). The DFT test results (friction numbers) for RAP and raw aggregate were combined according to their gradations and stockpile percentages in the mixture design, called “blended-DFT,” to predict the skid resistance of the surface mixture. Twenty asphalt mixtures with different RAP types and percentages were designed and tested to study the impact of RAP on mixtures’ skid resistance. The researchers found that adding high skid-resistant RAP increases the mixture slab DFT values, while low skid-resistant RAP decreases the slab DFT values. This confirms the potential of using high skid-resistant RAP to conserve SAC-A raw aggregate resources. A preliminary DFT threshold for RAP to be rated as SAC-A aggregate was proposed in this study.
Results of Endoscopic Labral Repair With Concomitant Gluteus Medius and/or Minimus Repair Compared With Outcomes of Labral Repair Alone: A Matched Comparative Cohort Analysis at Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Horner Nolan S. , Chapman Reagan S. , Larson Jordan H. , Nho Shane J.
Published: April 2023

Background:

There is a paucity of information available to clinicians on outcomes of patients undergoing endoscopic surgery for labral repairs and femoroacetabular impingement syndrome with simultaneous repair of the gluteus medius and/or minimus muscles.

Purpose:

To determine whether patients with labral tears and concomitant gluteal pathology who undergo simultaneous endoscopic labral and gluteus medius and/or minimus repair experience similar outcomes to patients with isolated labral tears who undergo endoscopic labral repair alone.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A matched retrospective comparative cohort study was performed. Patients who underwent gluteus medius and/or minimus repair with concomitant labral repair between January 2012 and November 2019 were identified. These patients were matched in a 1:3 ratio by sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) to patients who underwent labral repair alone. Preoperative radiographs were assessed. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were assessed preoperatively and 2 years postoperatively. PRO measures included the Hip Outcome Score Activities of Daily Living and Sports subscales, modified Harris Hip Score, 12-Item International Hip Outcome Tool, and visual analog scales for pain and satisfaction. Published labral repair minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) thresholds were utilized for these measures.

Results:

A total of 31 patients who underwent gluteus medius and/or minimus repair with concomitant labral repair (27 female, 4 male; age, 50.8 ± 7.3 years; BMI, 27.9 ± 5.2) were matched with 93 patients who underwent labral repair alone (81 female, 12 male; age, 50.9 ± 8.1 years; BMI, 28.5 ± 6.2). There were no significant differences in sex ( P > .99), age ( P = .869), or BMI ( P = .592); preoperative radiographic measurements; or preoperative or 2-year postoperative PRO scores ( P≥ .081). Changes between preoperative and 2-year postoperative PRO scores were significantly different for both groups for all PROs assessed ( P < .001 for all). There were no significant differences in MCID or PASS achievement rates ( P≥ .123), with low PASS achievement rates of 40% to 60% found in both groups.

Conclusion:

Patients who were treated with endoscopic gluteus medius and/or minimus repair with concomitant labral repair demonstrated comparable outcomes with those who were treated with endoscopic labral repair alone.
Selective leaching process for efficient and rapid recycling of spent lithium iron phosphate batteries
Authors: Xiong Yuchuan , Guo Zhenzhen , Mei Tao , Han Yurong , Wang Yueyue , Xiong Xin , Tang Yifan , Wang Xianbao
Published: April 2023

With the continuous development of new energy vehicles, the number of decommissioned lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries has been constantly increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to recover metal from spent LiFePO4 batteries due to the high potential for environmental protection and high resource value. In this study, sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8) was selected as the oxidant to regulate and control the oxidation state and proton activity of the leaching solution through its high oxidizing ability. Selective recovery of lithium from LiFePO4 batteries was achieved by oxidizing LiFePO4 to iron phosphate (FePO4) during the leaching process. This paper reports an extensive investigation of the effects of various factors, including the acid concentration, initial volume fraction of the oxidant, reaction temperature, solid–liquid ratio, and reaction time, on lithium leaching. Li+ reached a high leaching rate of 93.3% within 5 minutes even at a low concentration of sulphuric acid (H2SO4), and high-purity lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) was obtained through impurity removal and precipitation reactions. In addition, the leaching mechanism was analysed by both X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization. The results show that the obtained high lithium-ion (Li+) leaching efficiency and fast Li+ leaching time can be ascribed to the superior oxidizing properties of Na2S2O8 and the stability of the crystal structure of LiFePO4 during the oxidative leaching process. The adopted method has significant advantages in terms of safety, efficiency and environmental protection, which are conducive to the sustainable development of lithium batteries.
Degradation of organic pollutants accompanied by the ultrasonic separation of the spent lithium-ion battery cathode materials
Authors: Huang Youbao , Sun Mingze , Xu Chengjian , Hu Hao , Zhu Shuguang , He Wenzhi
Published: April 2023

Since the majority of valuable components in spent lithium-ion batteries, such as lithium, exists in the electrode materials, common studies focused on the treatment of the cathode materials, which ignored the harm of residual electrolyte. The cavitation and thermal effects produced by ultrasonic can not only be used for the separation of electrode materials, but also have a wide range of applications in the field of sewage pollutant degradation. This work used ultrasonic to treat simulated electrolyte (propylene carbonate (PC)) solution of spent lithium-ion batteries, explored the effect of ultrasonic power, the addition amount of H2O2 solution (30 wt%) and reaction temperature on the degradation of electrolyte, and analysed the ultrasonic degradation reaction from the perspective of reaction kinetics. And the synchronous experiment of cathode material separation and electrolyte degradation was conducted under the optimal conditions. The results showed that the highest degradation efficiency of PC in the electrolyte was 83.08% under the condition of ultrasonic power of 900 W, the addition of H2O2 solution (30 wt%) of 10.2 mL, reaction temperature of 120°C and reaction time of 120 minutes, and the separation efficiency was 100%. This work reduced the environmental and health risks in the cathode material separation process and was conducive to the green development of spent lithium-ion battery recycling technology.
Churning off the news: An analysis of newspaper subscriber churn across digital devices
Authors: Peña Vincent C. , Malthouse Edward C. , Mersey Rachel Davis
Published: April 2023

Subscriber churn is of utmost importance for newspapers, which have for decades been struggling to maintain the robust readership they used to enjoy. This is especially true in a digital media landscape that operates within an attention economy. This study examined the difference in subscriber churn across 29 newspaper properties in large U.S. chain. Using subscriber data gathered from all 29 newspapers, this study analyzed whether the device and digital platform on which one consumes news impacts the churn probability of subscribers. The authors found that there were clusters of device usage and that different combinations of device usage impacted churn probability for subscribers, particularly on mobile. Churn was highest for those using mobile browser, presumably because of poor reading experience, which is a call to action for news organizations who have not prioritized the mobile news experience.
The effects of journalistic routines on LGBTQ+ advocates’ efforts to influence media framing of religious exemptions to anti-discrimination laws
Authors: Gibson Rhonda
Published: April 2023

In-depth interviews with 26 journalists from large mainstream news outlets who covered the Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission U.S. Supreme Court case indicate that LGBTQ+ advocacy organization efforts to influence journalists’ decision-making processes related to story angle and sourcing were unsuccessful. Instead, journalists relied on official court documents as sources, avoiding press advisories from social movement organizations in an effort to maintain neutrality and impartiality.
Thermo-sensitive injectable hydrogel loading with elemene-loaded liposomes for enhanced anti-tumor effect
Authors: Li Yijing , Zhu Yanhui , Chen Jiaqi , Wang Huahua , Zhi Weiwei , Wang Ziang , Guan Yanbin , Wang Baiyan , Jia Yongyan , Huang Shengnan , Zhu Xiali
Published: April 2023

Due to the heterogeneity and the complexity of the tumor microenvironment, combination therapy, especially the combination of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy (PTT), had received increasing attention. However, the co-delivery of small molecule drugs for chemotherapy and photothermal agents was a key issue. Herein, we prepared a novel thermo-sensitive hydrogel loading with elemene (ELE)-loaded and nano graphene oxide (NGO)-based liposomes for enhanced combined therapy. ELE was applied as the model drug for chemotherapy because it was a natural sesquiterpene drug with broad-spectrum and efficient antitumor activity. NGO was applied as drug carrier and photothermal agent simultaneously due to its two-dimensional structure and high photo-thermal conversion efficacy. NGO was further modified with glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) to improve its water dispersion, biocompatibility and tumor-targeting ability. ELE was loaded by GA-modified NGO (GA/NGO) to prepare the liposomes designated as ELE-GA/NGO-Lip, which was further mixed with chitosan (CS) solution and β-glycerin sodium phosphate (β-GP) solution to prepare the thermo-sensitive hydrogel designated as ELE-GA/NGO-Lip-gel. The obtained ELE-GA/NGO-Lip-gel had the gelling temperature of 37°C, temperature and pH-response gel dissolution and high photo-thermal conversion effect. More importantly, ELE-GA/NGO-Lip-gel upon 808 nm laser irradiation had relative high anti-tumor efficiency against SMMC-7721 cells in vitro. This research might provide a potent platform for the application of thermos-sensitive injectable hydrogel in combined tumor therapy.
Perceptions of Institutional Response to Sexual Assault Amongst College-Based Victim Advocates
Authors: Nightingale Sarah D.
Published: April 2023

Federal law in the United States mandates that institutions of higher education address sexual assault within their communities. Colleges and universities have increasingly hired full-time professionals to manage response efforts, including campus-based victim advocates. Campus-based advocates provide emotional support, help students access and understand report options, and ensure students receive appropriate accommodations. Very little is known about the experience or perceptions of campus-based victim advocates. In this study, 208 professional campus-based advocates from across the United States completed an anonymous online survey focused on their perceptions of campus response to sexual assault. Multiple regression analysis was applied to investigate how psychosocial factors (burnout, secondary trauma, and compassion satisfaction) and organizational factors (perceptions of leadership, organizational support, and community relational health) were associated with advocate perceptions of institutional response to sexual assault. Findings indicate that while advocates experience burnout and secondary trauma, and have lower than average compassion satisfaction scores, these psychosocial outcomes do not influence their perception of response efforts. However, all the organizational factors significantly contribute to how advocates view response. The more positively advocates viewed leadership, campus support, and relational health, the more positive they viewed the response efforts on campus. In order to improve response efforts, administrators should engage in meaningful training on sexual assault, include campus advocates in high-level discussions of campus sexual assault and ensure appropriate resources are provided to advocacy services.
The Relative Impact of Different Types of Military Sexual Trauma on Long-Term PTSD, Depression, and Suicidality
Authors: Galovski Tara E. , McSweeney Lauren B. , Woolley Mercedes G. , Alpert Elizabeth , Nillni Yael I.
Published: April 2023

Sexual assault and harassment in the U.S. military are very common. Military sexual trauma (MST) is defined as sexual assault or harassment experienced during military service; yet, the relative impact of sexual assault, harassment, and their combination is not well understood. Given the extent and potential severity of the long-term outcomes of MST, it is critical to evaluate the relative impacts of these types of MST on long-term mental health outcomes. Veterans ( n = 2499; 54% female) completed self-report measures of experiences of sexual assault and harassment perpetrated by coworkers during military service, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and suicidality. Controlling for combat exposure, all types of MST experiences (Harassment Only, Assault Only, or Both) compared to No MST predicted greater severity of PTSD, depression, and suicidality after military service. Compared to Veterans with No MST, those who experienced Both Assault and Harassment reported significantly more severe PTSD, depression, and suicidality followed by Harassment Only, and then Assault Only. Data suggest that different types of MST experiences have an impact on long-term mental health outcomes, and the combination of Both sexual Assault and Harassment is particularly deleterious.
Domestic Violence and Its Impact on Abortion in Iran: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Survey
Authors: Bagheri Reyhaneh , Farahani Farideh Khalajabadi , Ebrahimi Marzieh
Published: April 2023

The objective of this article is to assess the effect of domestic violence on abortion and investigate the mediating role of unwanted pregnancy. A secondary analysis was conducted on the National Family Survey data. This survey was a cross-sectional study conducted across Iran in 2018. The association between domestic violence and abortion was analyzed using the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) with WarpPLS version 8.0. From among 1,544 married women (mean age 42.8 years) who participated in this survey, 27% (418 women) reported experiencing at-least one-lifetime of abortion. Overall, two in three women (67.3%) experienced at least one form of domestic violence. Almost half of the women with experience of abortion (49.3%) reported at least one unwanted pregnancy in their life course. The bivariate analysis showed a significant positive relationship between domestic violence and abortion, and there was a positive direct effect of domestic violence on unwanted pregnancy. Moreover, age had a negative direct and indirect effect on unwanted pregnancy and abortion. Although, the direct effect of domestic violence on abortion was not significant in the Structure Equation Model, a positive indirect effect of domestic violence on abortion through unwanted pregnancy was confirmed. The effect of unwanted pregnancy on abortion was particularly strong (β = .395, p < .01). These results have some implications for prevention of abortion through interventions against unwanted and unplanned pregnancy and domestic violence. This study makes a unique theoretical contribution to the literature through assessing the mediating role of unwanted pregnancy between domestic violence and abortion by using the SEM model.
Personal reflections on destructive leadership: A case study
Authors: Riad Jennifer
Published: April 2023

Failure does not indicate a bad leader; however, an inability or unwillingness to learn from a leadership failure makes an individual a bad leader. Most current literature focuses on studying good or effective leadership; however, lessons from leadership failures can be just as valuable as learning from leadership successes. Therefore, this article reviews a case study of leadership failure, provides a theory-based solution to learn from destructive leadership, and suggests recommendations for educational leaders and institutions.
Damage detection in composites using non-destructive testing aided by ANN technique: A review
Authors: Saha Neetika , Roy Parikshit , Topdar Pijush
Published: April 2023

Damages are inevitable in structures and effective damage detection techniques are important for maintaining their health. Many weight-sensitive engineering applications use composite materials, especially fiber-reinforced laminates. Common damages of these materials include delamination, fiber breakage, fiber pull-out, etc. Various non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques are reported in the literature for damage detection in composites, such as ultrasonic testing, vibration-based techniques, acoustic emission technique, optical NDT and imagining techniques. However, due to the complex properties of composite materials, conventional techniques for analyzing NDT data are difficult to implement. In this context, artificial neural network (ANN) technique is a promising alternative for analyzing NDT data for damage detection. In this study, an attempt is made to explore the state-of-the-art of damage detection in composites using NDT aided by ANN. The work discusses the pros and cons of different methods and is expected to help in identifying the appropriate method for damage detection in composites.