bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA integrity index as a potential molecular biomarker in colorectal cancer
Authors: Salem Ramy , Ahmed Rasha , Shaheen Karim , Abdalmegeed Mohammed , Hassan Heba
Published: September 2020

Background

Efficient approaches for early detection of colorectal cancer offer opportunities to gain better treatment outcomes. Blood-based molecular biomarkers as DNA integrity index (DII) might represent a promising tumor marker in the future. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical utility of the DII as a potential biomarker for colorectal cancer in 90 colorectal cancer patients, 30 patients with benign colorectal mass, and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. PCR was used to assess the concentration of both ALU115 and ALU247. DII was calculated as the ratio of Q247/Q115.

Results

DII was significantly higher in colorectal cancer patients than both patients with benign colorectal mass and healthy controls. ROC curve was plotted using DII and the best cut-off was ≥ 0.60 with diagnostic sensitivity 93.0%, specificity 65.0%, PPV 80.0%, NPV 86.0%, and efficiency 82% with AUC (0.872) while the best cut-off for CEA was ≥ 1.4 ng/mL with diagnostic sensitivity 87.0%, specificity 60.0%, PPV 76%, NPV 75%, and efficiency 76% with AUC (0.79).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that DII is better than CEA as an early marker for colorectal cancer detection and may be used as a candidate biomarker for malignancy.
Anticancer potential of Chenopodium album leaf extract against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in Swiss albino mice
Authors: Rana Sohel , Rahman Shakila , Sana Samiron , Biswas Tonmoy Kumar , Hashem Abu Kayes Md. , Parvin Shahnaz , Mazumder Kishor
Published: September 2020

Background

Chenopodium album (Family: Amaranthaceae) is a nutritive herb mainly found in Bangladesh and had reported that it is having different bioactive phytochemicals including polyphenols. It has a great popularity for it is traditionally used as a medicine against microorganisms, inflammation, and cancer. We designed this experiment to explore the in vivo anticancer effects of C. album leaf extract against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in Swiss albino mice.

Results

Administration of C. album leaf extract at concentration 200 (mg/kg) and 400 (mg/kg) showed 30.60% and 41.80% cell growth inhibition respectively that were statistically significant (***P < 0.001) and may lead to apoptosis, and the number of apoptotic cells were 37.5 ± 6.22, 54.67 ± 4.76 respectively (***P < 0.001). Plant extract at concentration 200 (mg/kg) and 400 (mg/kg) increased life span 22.27% and 51.07% respectively. Tumor weight decreased 18.50 ± 2.59 g, 13.67 ± 2.25 g respectively compared to the control group, and results were statistically significant (***P < 0.001). Treatment with plant extract 200 (mg/kg) and 400 (mg/kg) restored all biochemical parameters including hemoglobin content, white blood cell (WBC) count, and red blood cell (RBC) count of EAC cells bearing Swiss albino mice.

Conclusion

Our current findings may suggest that C. album leaf extract showed potent anticancer activity through cell growth inhibition and apoptosis, increased mean survival time, decreased tumor weight, and restored all the biochemical parameters and stimulation of host immunity. As a result, the C. album leaf has taken into consideration as a potent source of bioactive compounds in cancer chemotherapy.
Developing a test battery for diagnosis of childhood apraxia of speech in Arabic speakers
Authors: Abdou Dalia , Afsah Omayma , Baz Hemmat , Abou-Elsaad Tamer
Published: September 2020

Background

Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a speech sound disorder in which the precision and consistency of movements underlying speech are impaired in absence of neuromuscular deficits. It is important to differentiate between language disorders and CAS to avoid misdiagnosis. The objective of this study was to develop a test battery for CAS in order to identify its possible presence in Arabic-speaking children, thus allowing the planning of appropriate therapy programs. The constructed test battery for CAS was administered to 70 monolingual Arabic-speaking Egyptian children including 10 children with suspected CAS, 20 children with phonological disorders, and 40 typically developing children. Participants’ responses were statistically analyzed to assess the validity and reliability, and to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of the test battery.

Results

Statistically significant differences were found between the three groups as regard all subtotal and total scores of CAS test battery with good validity and reliability of the test.

Conclusions

The constructed test battery for diagnosis of CAS is a reliable, valid, and sensitive tool that can be used to detect the presence of CAS in Arabic-speaking children and differentiate between it and phonological disorders.
Dualism and the ‘difficult patient’: why integrating neuroscience matters
Authors: Novick Andrew M. , Ross David A.
Published: September 2020

Patients with psychiatric illness present a unique challenge to clinicians: in contrast to the traditional medical model, in which patients are conceptualised as being stricken by a disease, patients with certain psychiatric illnesses may seem complicit in the illness. Questions of free will, choice and the role of the physician can cause clinicians to feel helpless, disinterested or even resentful. These tensions are a lasting legacy of centuries of mind–body dualism. Over the past several decades, modern tools have finally allowed us to break down this false dichotomy. Integrating a modern neuroscience perspective into practice allows clinicians to conceptualise individuals with psychiatric illness in a way that promotes empathy and enhances patient care. Specifically, a strong grasp of neuroscience prevents clinicians from falling into the trap in which behavioural aspects of a patient's presentation are perceived as being separate from the disease process. We demonstrate the value of incorporating neuroscience into a biopsychosocial formulation through the example of a ‘difficult patient’.
Implications of Incidental Germline Findings Identified In the Context of Clinical Whole Exome Sequencing for Guiding Cancer Therapy
Authors: Schneider Bryan P. , Stout Leigh Anne , Philips Santosh , Schroeder Courtney , Scott Susanna F. , Hunter Cynthia , Kassem Nawal , Kiel Patrick J. , Radovich Milan
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE

Identification of incidental germline mutations in the context of next-generation sequencing is an unintended consequence of advancing technologies. These data are critical for family members to understand disease risks and take action.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted of 1,028 adult patients with metastatic cancer who were sequenced with tumor and germline whole exome sequencing (WES). Germline variant call files were mined for pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants using the ClinVar database and narrowed to high-quality submitters.

RESULTS

Median age was 59 years, with 16% of patients ≤ 45 years old. The most common tumor types were breast cancer (12.5%), colorectal cancer (11.5%), sarcoma (9.3%), prostate cancer (8.4%), and lung cancer (6.6%). We identified 3,427 P/LP variants in 471 genes, and 84% of patients harbored one or more variant. One hundred thirty-two patients (12.8%) carried a P/LP variant in a cancer predisposition gene, with BRCA2 being the most common (1.6%). Patients with breast cancer were most likely to carry a P/LP variant (19.2%). One hundred ten patients (10.7%) carried a P/LP variant in a gene that would be recommended by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics to be reported as a result of clinical actionability, with the most common being ATP7B (2.7%), BRCA2 (1.6%), MUTYH (1.4%), and BRCA1 (1%). Of patients who carried a P/LP variant in a cancer predisposition gene, only 53% would have been offered correct testing based on current clinical practice guidelines. Of 471 mutated genes, 231 genes had a P/LP variant identified in one patient, demonstrating significant genetic heterogeneity.

CONCLUSION

The majority of patients undergoing clinical cancer WES harbor a pathogenic germline variation. Identification of clinically actionable germline findings will create additional burden on oncology clinics as broader WES becomes common.
First Case Report of Intubation With a Total Control Introducer and a Hyperangulated Video Laryngoscope
Authors: Pollard Jacob , Runnels Sean , Warrick Christine
Published: September 2020

We describe the first use of an articulating Total Control Introducer (TCI) and video laryngoscope (VL) to guide intubation of a patient with known difficult airway. The patient was an 84-year-old woman with a Mallampati IV airway assessment, small mouth opening, limited neck extension, and micrognathia. We utilized a VL to visualize the glottis and an articulating TCI for endotracheal tube placement. Anteflexion and retroflexion of the introducer tip allowed dynamic navigation through the upper airway and into the trachea. Intubation was performed on first attempt without complications.
Affordable but Inaccessible? Contraception Deserts in the US States
Authors: Kreitzer Rebecca J. , Smith Candis Watts , Kane Kellen A. , Saunders Tracee M.
Published: September 2020

Context: This article focuses on whether, and the extent to which, the resources made available by Title X—the only federal policy aimed specifically at reproductive health care—are equitably accessible. Here, equitable means that barriers to accessing services are lowest for those people who need them most.

Methods: The authors use geographic information systems (GIS) and statistical/spatial analysis (specifically the integrated two-step floating catchment area [I2SFCA] method) to study the spatial and nonspatial accessibility of Title X clinics in 2018.

Findings: The authors find that contraception deserts vary across the states, with between 17% and 53% of the state population living in a desert. Furthermore, they find that low-income people and people of color are more likely to live in certain types of contraception deserts.

Conclusions: The analyses reveal not only a wide range of sizes and shapes of contraception deserts across the US states but also a range of severity of inequity.
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: current concepts from bench to bedside
Authors: Kaliya-Perumal Arun-Kumar , Carney Tom J. , Ingham Philip W.
Published: September 2020

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a disorder characterised by the formation of ectopic bone in soft tissue. Acquired HO typically occurs in response to trauma and is relatively common, yet its aetiology remains poorly understood. Genetic forms, by contrast, are very rare, but provide insights into the mechanisms of HO pathobiology. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is the most debilitating form of HO. All patients reported to date carry heterozygous gain-of-function mutations in the gene encoding activin A receptor type I (ACVR1). These mutations cause dysregulated bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling, leading to HO at extraskeletal sites including, but not limited to, muscles, ligaments, tendons and fascia. Ever since the identification of the causative gene, developing a cure for FOP has been a focus of investigation, and studies have decoded the pathophysiology at the molecular and cellular levels, and explored novel management strategies. Based on the established role of BMP signalling throughout HO in FOP, therapeutic modalities that target multiple levels of the signalling cascade have been designed, and some drugs have entered clinical trials, holding out hope of a cure. A potential role of other signalling pathways that could influence the dysregulated BMP signalling and present alternative therapeutic targets remains a matter of debate. Here, we review the recent FOP literature, including pathophysiology, clinical aspects, animal models and current management strategies. We also consider how this research can inform our understanding of other types of HO and highlight some of the remaining knowledge gaps.
Level-wise differences in in-vivo lateral bending moment are associated with microstructural alterations in bovine caudal intervertebral discs
Authors: Duclos Sarah E. , Denning Samantha K. , Towler Christopher , Michalek Arthur J.
Published: September 2020

Despite its common use as a laboratory model, little is known about the in-vivo forces and moments applied to the bovine caudal intervertebral disc. This is particularly critical, as intervertebral disc tissue is known to remodel in response to repeated loading. We hypothesized that the magnitude of loading from muscle contraction during a typical lateral bending motion varies between caudal levels and is accompanied by variations in tissue microstructure. This hypothesis was tested by estimating level-wise forces and bending moments using two independent approaches: a dynamic analytical model of the motion and analysis of muscle cross sections obtained via computed tomography. Microstructure was assessed by measuring collagen fiber crimp period in the annulus fibrosus, and composition was assessed via quantitative histology. Both the analytical model and muscle cross-sections estimated peak bending moments of over 3Nm and peak compressive force of over 125N at the c1c2 level, decreasing distally. There was a significant downward trend from proximal to distal in outer annulus fibrosus collagen crimp period only in the anterior and posterior regions, suggesting remodeling in response to the highest lateral bending moments. There were no observed trends in composition. Our results suggest that while the proximal discs in the bovine tail are subjected to forces and moments from muscle contraction which are comparable (relative to disc size) to those acting on human lumbar discs, the distal discs are not. The resulting pattern of microstructural microstructure suggests that level-wise differences should be considered when using bovine discs as a research model.
Identity Theft: A Thought Experiment on the Fragility of Identity
Authors: Menčik David
Published: September 2020

This paper intends to discuss some aspects of what we conceive as personal identity: what it consists in, as well as its alleged fragility. First I will try to justify the methodology used in this paper, that is, the use of allegories in ontological debates, especialy in the form of thought experiments and science fiction movies. Then I will introduce an original thought experiment I call “Who am I actually?,” one that was coined with the intent to shed light on several aspects of the issue under examination, that is, the fragility of personal identity. Then I will move on to Christopher Nolan’s film The Prestige, as well as to Derek Parfit’s ‘divided minds’ thought experiment, to further discuss the fragility of personal identity; next to identity theft, the prospect of duplication is also intriguing, especially with regard to the psychological impact this might have on both the prototype and the duplicate. I will conclude with the view that spatial and temporal proximity or coexistence, especially when paired with awareness on behalf of the duplicates, would expectedly result in the infringement of the psychological continuity of one’s identity.
Antiquity Revisited: A Discussion with Anthony Arthur Long
Authors: Long Anthony Arthur , Vertzagia Despina
Published: September 2020

A discussion on antiquity with Anthony A. Long, one of the most distinguished scholars in the field of ancient philosophy, would be engaging in any case. All the more so, since his two recently published works, Greek Models of Mind and Self (2015) and How to be Free: An Ancient Guide to the Stoic Life (2018), provide the opportunity to revisit key issues of ancient philosophy. The former is a lively and challenging work that starts with the Homeric notions of selfhood, and leads the reader all the way through classical and Hellenistic philosophical psychology; the latter is a profound analysis of the Stoic ethics that focuses in particular on its foundation and principles, followed by Long’s re-worked translation of Epictetus’ Encheiridion and carefully selected parts of his Discourses. Anthony Long kindly accepted the invitation to discuss several issues that are in the core of scholarly concern, sharing interpretations and thoughts that originate from his long acquaintance with the ancient literary tradition.
Raising a child
Authors: Pasternak Nina , Asmolov Aleksandr
Published: September 2020

The textbook covers the problems of age-related development of a child from a preschool child to a teenager. Special attention is paid to the problem of the integrity of the child's intellectual and personal development, as well as the value of each of the age stages. The problem of minimizing the risks of school failure of a child, as well as the risks of maladaptation of behavior in adolescence, is considered. Special attention is paid to the problems and risks of virtual communication among teenagers. Recommendations are given for taking into account the individual characteristics of children and adolescents in learning and development.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students and postgraduates of higher educational institutions of pedagogical profile, teachers and parents.
Automated control systems and communications: fundamentals of telecommunications
Authors: Bratko Aleksandr
Published: September 2020

The textbook provides a definition of communication, discusses the types and types of telecommunications, and the requirements for communication. It describes telecommunication signals, their parameters, and methods for converting, encoding, and transmitting various types of messages. The principles of construction of multi-channel transmission systems, their main characteristics, the device of terminal subscriber terminals, operational dispatch communication systems, manual and automatic telephone exchanges are described.
The principles of building radio communication facilities and rules for conducting radio exchange are considered. The technical characteristics of radio stations used in the EMERCOM and SBS of Russia are given. The basics of radio-relay, satellite, cellular and trunking communications are described.
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standard of higher education of the latest generation in the discipline "Automated control systems and communications".
It is intended for students of secondary professional educational institutions studying in the specialties 20.02.02 "protection in emergency situations" and 20.02.04 "Fire safety".
Risk Management at Operation of Dangerous Technical Systems on the Basis of Non-Destructive Control
Authors: Akatev Vladimir , Metelkin E. , Barysheva E. , Akat'ev A.
Published: September 2020

Questions related to accidents prevention based on non-destructive control of critical defects, functioning dangerous technical systems with high wear levels, as well as to substantiation of measures for step-by-step risk mitigation of the specified systems after their stop have been considered. For security upgrade relating to operation of potentially dangerous technical systems under resources restrictions are applied measures for prevention of accidents, mainly, the non-destructive control (NDC) of these systems technical condition without their stop. So, complexes of NDC-methods are applied for fault detection of functioning long distance pipe lines and industrial chimneys.

The defects elimination process, and recovery works on the stopped idle systems can be considered as stage-by-stage risk management implementation. With increase of specified measures’ costs the accidents damage risk mitigation is reached. At the same time modified to year expenses representing the sum of presented expenditures related to risk mitigation measures and the presented accidents damage at some cost value for risk mitigation take up minimum value. Further expenses level increase with minimum cost is not compensated by the level of prevented damage.

Searching of the specified expenses level for accidents risk mitigation with minimum cost is an optimization problem on minimization of the modified to year risky expenses. In this work has been offered a risk management algorithm scheme at operation of such potentially dangerous technical system as a functioning industrial reinforced concrete flue.
INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL CALCULATION AND MAPPING OF THE DISPERSION OF POLLUTANTS AT RAILWAY TANK STATIONS WITH PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
Authors: Zvyaginceva Alla , Samofalova A. , Kul'neva V.
Published: September 2020

A basic list of polluting components released into the air zone of railway tank stations has been established, priority pollutants have been recorded: H2S, CH2O, C6H6, C7H8 and hydrocarbons in the sum: C1-C10 - in terms of C5H12, C2-C5 in terms of C5H10. Gross emissions are quantified for them. Maps have been developed for the distribution of pollutants in the event of destruction or explosion of tanks with petroleum products at a distance of up to 1000 meters in all directions of light for a specific residential area, broken down into sectors of 300, 650 and 995 meters with fixing at these points of surface concentration. It was found that the highest excess of the maximum permissible concentrations by 300 times was recorded at a distance of 300 meters from the source-Parking of the tank
Sanitation and hygiene of hairdressing services
Authors: Tundaleva Irina
Published: September 2020

The purpose of the tutorial is to highlight the specifics of sanitary and hygienic requirements for the work of hairdressers and their employees. The specific features of the applied technologies for disinfection of instruments are described. Issues related to the need to comply with sanitary and hygienic standards are highlighted.
The section of Microbiology related to the field of hairdressing services is considered. The topics of preventing the spread of infectious diseases are covered in detail, and the types of skin diseases are described. A separate section is devoted to competent care of the scalp and hair, face skin, nails.
Meets the requirements for the profession of a hairdresser in accordance with the Federal state educational standard of secondary professional education of the last generation in the specialty 43.02.13 "technology of hairdressing".
For students who receive secondary special education in hairdressing specialties.
Discursos Contemporâneos sobre as Transexualidades: Poder, Verdade e Subjetivação
Authors: Pombo Mariana
Published: September 2020

Baseado na concepção foucaultiana das relações entre saber e poder, este artigo pretende apresentar alguns discursos contemporâneos sobre as transexualidades e problematizar seus efeitos sobre a escuta clínica de pacientes trans. Primeiramente, analisarei como alguns discursos sobre as transexualidades, produzidos nos campos da psicanálise e da medicina, generalizam e mesmo patologizam as experiências trans, se apresentando como detentores de uma verdade única sobre elas. Argumentarei que essas generalizações têm efeitos sobre os pacientes, que se pensarão a partir de certas categorias produzidas pelos saberes contemporâneos, e sobre os próprios analistas, que os receberão na clínica a partir das teorias que julgam verdadeiras. Em seguida, recorrerei, então, a alguns autores da teoria queer e da psicanálise, para defender a possibilidade de novos olhares sobre os sujeitos trans e também de novas direções para a sua escuta clínica na atualidade, uma escuta que tenha como norte a singularidade de cada paciente e de seu desejo.
Representações Sociais de Família para Não Feministas
Authors: Costa Lacilaura Bomtempo Lamounier , Tilio Rafael De
Published: September 2020

Os movimentos feministas contemporâneos pretendem alterar as desigualdades entre os gêneros das quais resultam reações conservadoras e tradicionalistas por parte de alguns grupos sociais. O objetivo deste artigo foi compreender as representações sociais de família para não feministas. Foram realizadas onze entrevistas com pessoas autodeclaradas não-feministas, cujos dados foram organizados de acordo com uma análise de conteúdo temática e analisados a partir da Teoria do Núcleo Central das Representações Sociais. Os principais resultados destacam como possíveis NC das RS: naturalização da ideia de família nuclear e dos conflitos entre seus integrantes; prevalência de papéis rígidos e distintos entre homens e mulheres; relevância das mudanças dos papéis femininos na sociedade e na família sem, contudo, haver alterações substanciais nas relações sociais; ameaças às posições privilegiadas dos homens. Compreender como essas RS sustentam práticas de agrupamentos sociais específicos é importante para oportunamente viabilizar seu enfrentamento em busca de uma sociedade menos desigual.
Avaliação da Criatividade no Contexto das Altas Habilidades/Superdotação: Evidências de Validade
Authors: Nakano Tatiana De Cássia , Gomes Luísa Bastos , Zaia Priscila , Spadari Gabriela Fabbro , Miranda Mariana Antunes , Pinto Mariana Marion Sobral
Published: September 2020

O presente estudo teve como objetivo buscar evidências de validade baseadas nas relações com variáveis externas, do tipo convergente, para um subteste para avaliação da criatividade figural, parte de uma Bateria para Avaliação das Altas Habilidades/Superdotação (BAAH/S). A amostra constituiu-se por 114 estudantes do 2º ano (n=15) e 3º ano (n=99) do ensino médio, com idades entre 15 e 20 anos (M=17; DP=0,85), sendo 52 do sexo masculino, provenientes de uma escola pública. Os participantes responderam ao Teste de Criatividade Figural Infantil (TCFI) e ao Subteste Completando Figuras (em processo de validação). Por meio da Correlação de Pearson, os fatores que avaliam aspectos criativos semelhantes apresentaram correlações positivas e significativas (r=0,64 entre os fatores emocionais; r=0,60 entre os fatores cognitivos; r=0,56 entre os fatores de enriquecimento de ideias), indicando convergência entre as medidas. A correlação entre as características criativas isoladas, avaliadas em ambos os testes se mostrou, em sua maioria, significativa, com valores oscilando entre r=0,21 e r=0,61. Tais resultados tornam possível confirmar as evidências de validade do subteste em desenvolvimento.
Relações entre o Reconhecimento de Personagens, Logos e Marcas de Produtos de Tabaco, Fast-Food, Refrigerantes e Bebidas Alcoólicas em Crianças
Authors: Lemos Daniel Campos Lopes , Dos Santos Pedro Paulo Pires , Ribas Júnior Rodolfo De Castro , Nunes Lucas Yukio Otsuka , Campos Luis Antonio Monteiro
Published: September 2020

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar relações entre o reconhecimento de personagens infantis e a associação de logos e marcas de produtos de tabaco, fast-food, refrigerantes e bebidas alcoólicas em 90 crianças, entre 4-9 anos, da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino (56,7%). A escolha da faixa etária se baseou no modelo de comportamento consumidor proposto por McNeal, o qual diz que o consumidor se encontra plenamente formado aos 8 anos de idade. Utilizou-se o Instrumento de Avaliação de Personagens de Desenho Animado e Filme (IACMC, α = 0.80, M=0.75, DP= 0.16), o Instrumento de Avaliação de Logos de Desenho Animado e Filme (IACML α = 0.80, M = 0.88, DP = 0.21) e o Instrumento de Avaliação da Associação de Logos e Marcas (IALTA, α = 0.74, M = 0.53, DP = 0.14). As pontuações globais para reconhecimento de logos correlacionaram-se significativamente com as pontuações globais para reconhecimento de personagens infantis (r = 0.38, p<0.01). O modelo foi desenhado a partir de personagens para logotipos e destes para associações de fast-food. Um efeito direto foi extraído de fast-food com refrigerante e álcool. O ajuste foi X² (df = 736) = 782.97 (p = 0.112), RMSEA = 0.03 (90% de CC [0.00, 0.04]) (p = 0.996), CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.94. A pesquisa demonstrou a necessidade de regulamentação mais rígida para a publicidade de bebidas alcoólicas, refrigerantes e fast-food.
Adversidades na Infância: Associação a Fatores Protetivos e Sintomas Internalizantes na Adultez
Authors: Giordani Jaqueline Portella , Lima Carolina Palmeiro , Trentini Clarissa Marceli
Published: September 2020

Este estudo teve por objetivo discutir relações entre adversidades na infância e sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse em uma amostra de adultos brasileiros, além dos fatores proximais e distais que poderiam explicar o caminho dessa relação da infância até a idade adulta. 510 participantes com idades entre 18 e 59 anos (MD=30,64; DP=10,47) responderam a uma ficha de dados sociodemográficos, à Maltreatment and Abuse Exposure Scale, à DASS-21 e à Social Readjustment Rating Scale, por coleta online e presencial. Os resultados indicaram que ter vivenciado adversidades na infância estava associado a maiores índices dos sintomas e à ideação suicida e que a violência psicológica e emocional se mostrou mais prevalente e com maior efeito em longo prazo. Percepção de rede de apoio social e psicoterapia são fatores que podem atuar de forma positiva e eventos estressores recentes podem intensificar o prejuízo sobre a saúde mental. São discutidas as implicações na identificação e intervenção sobre as adversidades na infância e no investimento nos fatores protetivos em longo prazo.
High-consistency fiber-optic Fabry–Perot sensor based on MEMS for simultaneous temperature and liquid refractive index measurement
Authors: Wang Shuang , Wu Wen , Sang Mei , Jiang Junfeng , Liu Kun , Wang Xue , Yu Xun , Liu Tiegen
Published: September 2020

We proposed a hybrid Fabry–Perot fiber-optic sensor based on the
microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technique for measuring
temperature and liquid refractive index simultaneously, and we verify
the consistency of four sensors in the same batch. The sensor consists
of a groove-array structured glass wafer and two silicon wafers, which
are connected by double-sided anodic bonding. The three parts form two
independent Fabry–Perot cavities for temperature and liquid refractive
index sensing, respectively. We randomly selected three sensors in the
same batch and conducted temperature and refractive index experiments
to establish the sensing equation. The experimental results
demonstrate their high consistency with temperature sensitivities of
81.6, 81.8, and 81.4 pm/°C in the range of 10°C to 80°C, and
refractive index sensitivities of 1040.11, 1044.24, 1042.91 nm/RIU in
the range of

1.333

−

1.374

. The sensors have low
cross-sensitivities that are less than

5.86

×

10

−
6

 RIU/°C and high precisions of
0.047°C,

2.14

×

10

−
6

R
I
U

, respectively. To verify the validity
of the sensing equation, we made another sensor in the same batch and
got maximum errors of 0.36°C and

7.7

×

10

−
5

R
I
U

, respectively.
Comparison of nonlinear filtering techniques for photonic systems with blackbody radiation
Authors: Spotts Isaac , Harrison Brodie C. , Andrew Gadsden S. , Al-Shabi Mohammad , Collier Christopher M.
Published: September 2020

This work explores a theoretical solution for noise reduction in photonic systems using blackbody radiators. Traditionally, signal noise can be reduced by increasing the integration time during signal acquisition. However, increasing the integration time during signal acquisition will reduce the acquisition speed of the signal. By developing and applying a filter using a model based on the theoretical equations for blackbody radiation, the noise of the signal can be reduced without increasing integration time. In this work, three filters, extended Kalman filter, unscented Kalman filter (UKF), and extended sliding innovation filter (ESIF), are compared for blackbody photonic systems. The filters are tested on a simulated signal from five scenarios, each simulating different experimental conditions. In particular, the nonlinear filters, UKF and ESIF, showed a significant reduction of noise from the simulated signal in each scenario. The results show great promise for photonic systems using blackbody radiators that require post-process for noise reduction.
Spiral spectrum of the phase singularity beam in the source plane and atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Gao Penghui , Bai Lu
Published: September 2020

The phase singularity beam has a unique wavefront phase structure—a screw dislocation (optical vortex) or edge dislocation—which is closely related to the orbital angular momentum (OAM). Screw dislocation refers to the phase change of integer multiples of 2π around a point, while edge dislocation refers to the existing π phase shift along a curve in the wavefront phase distribution. In this study, we derived the OAM detection probability expression and mode probability density expression of the phase singularity beam propagating through atmospheric turbulence. These expressions were used to examine the spiral spectrum and the OAM mode probability density of the phase singularity beam. It was determined that the phase singularity beam carrying a noncanonical optical vortex or an edge dislocation has more than one OAM state, whereas the phase singularity beam carrying a canonical optical vortex has only one OAM state. In atmospheric turbulence transmission, atmospheric disturbances will cause crosstalk between OAM states. The larger is the detection probability of the OAM state at the source plane, the closer is the maximum value of the OAM mode probability density throughout the transmission process to the beam center. The conclusions obtained have important applications in optical communications.
Targeted Sequencing of Sorted Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Cells Unveils Known and Novel Mutations in the Separated Subpopulations
Authors: Isidori Federica , Bozzarelli Isotta , Mastracci Luca , Malvi Deborah , Lugaresi Marialuisa , Molinari Chiara , Söderström Henna , Räsänen Jari , D'Errico Antonia , Fiocca Roberto , Seri Marco , Krishnadath Kausilia K. , Bonora Elena , Mattioli Sandro
Published: September 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Our study aimed at investigating tumor heterogeneity in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) cells regarding clinical outcomes.

METHODS:

Thirty-eight surgical EAC cases who underwent gastroesophageal resection with lymph node dissection in 3 university centers were included. Archival material was analyzed via high-throughput cell sorting technology and targeted sequencing of 63 cancer-related genes. Low-pass sequencing and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to validate the results.

Results

Thirty-five of 38 EACs carried at least one somatic mutation that was absent in the stromal cells; 73.7%, 10.5%, and 10.5% carried mutations in tumor protein 53, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, and SMAD family member 4, respectively. In addition, 2 novel mutations were found for hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha in 2 of 38 cases. Tumor protein 53 gene abnormalities were more informative than p53 IHC. Conversely, loss of SMAD4 was more frequently noted with IHC (53%) and was associated with a higher recurrence rate (P = 0.015). Only through cell sorting we were able to detect the presence of hyperdiploid and pseudodiploid subclones in 7 EACs that exhibited different mutational loads and/or additional copy number amplifications, indicating the high genetic heterogeneity of these cancers.

DISCUSSION:

Selective cell sorting allowed the characterization of multiple molecular defects in EAC subclones that were missed in a significant number of cases when whole-tumor samples were analyzed. Therefore, this approach can reveal subtle differences in cancer cell subpopulations. Future studies are required to investigate whether these subclones are responsible for treatment response and disease recurrence.
Range of values for lipid accumulation product (LAP) in healthy residents of the European north of Russia
Authors: Kaneva Anastasiya M. , Potolitsyna Natalya N. , Bojko Evgeny R.
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a major health problem in modern society and its prevalence throughout the world has reached the epidemic level. The unfavorable outcomes of obesity are associated with a high risk of numerous diseases due to metabolic disorders. Finding of diagnostic criteria for early detection of obesity is a priority in biomedical research. Therefore, of particular interest is the new visceral obesity marker lipid accumulation product (LAP). Meanwhile, to date, the reference values for LAP are not defined, and data on sex- and age-related changes are contradictory.
AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the variation range, sex and age differences in LAP values in healthy subjects.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on apparently healthy subjects (455 men and 286 women) aged 2059 years selected at routine examinations at the base of the central clinic in Arkhangelsk. Examination of subjects consisted of physical examination with measurement of anthropometric and clinical parameters, filling out a questionnaire, and evaluation of serum lipid levels.
RESULTS: The LAP values in the subjects varied in a wide range (0.5156.5 cmmmol/l in men; 0.4 to 116.2 cmmmol/l in women), but at the same they in 75% of the participants did not exceed 30 cmmmol/l. Sex differences in LAP with the prevalence of values in men were observed in the age groups up to 40 years old, later they disappeared. LAP in men and women increased with age, but these changes were unequal. The LAP values increased to reach a plateau in men up to 30 years of age and in women up to 40 years of age.
CONCLUSIONS: LAP is a combined index that simultaneously reflects distribution of adipose tissue and changes in blood lipids, and is considered a marker of obesity associated with the risk of metabolic disorders. This study was the first to determine the variation range, sex differences and age dynamics for LAP in the apparently healthy subjects.
Efficacy of interventions for prevention and correction of overweight and obesity in children 7–8 years old: a meta-analysis
Authors: Fediaeva Vlada K. , Bogova Elena A. , Peterkova Valentina A. , Rebrova Olga Yu.
Published: September 2020

The rapid increase in overweight and obesity in children is a global public health problem. Interventions to reduce the prevalence of obesity before puberty are considered to be the most effective, but the results of trials are not consistent enough. We performed a meta-analysis of the efficacy of interventions to prevent or correct overweight and obesity in pre-pubertal children. Thirty-one Cochrane systematic reviews were analyzed, the results of 10 RCTs and two prospective comparative studies were extracted. All trials had an moderate or high risk of bias. According to the results of meta-analyzes, the prevention of overweight and obesity through recommendations of lifestyle modification is effective, the difference in a BMI decrease is -0.19, 95% CI [-0.35; -0.03], compared with the absence of intervention, in children 78 years old if applied within 24 years, but not within one year or less. The effect of non-drug interventions in children with overweight or obesity was not revealed.
Comparative analysis of cardiovascular system morphofunctional disorders’ correction in a simulated metabolic syndrome
Authors: Tarimov Cyril O. , Subbotkin Michail V. , Kulanova Alina A. , Petrenko Vitalina I. , Kubyshkin Anatoliy V. , Fomochkina Iryna I. , Makalish Tatyana P. , Zyablitskaya Yevgeniya Yu. , Shramko Iuliana I.
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MS) causes the risk of serious diseases development e.g. type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disasters. Timely and adequate correction of MS can reduce the risk of heart disease and diabetes
AIM: To investigate the development of MS and drugs for its correction on the morphofunctional state of the heart muscle and large blood vessels.
MATERIALS AND METODS: A comparative analysis of morphofunctional disorders in the cardiovascular system on the fructose model of MS and its correction in adult (n=32) and young (n=50) Wistar rats was performed. The duration of fructose feeding was 24 weeks for young animals and 16 weeks for Mature animals due to their different resistance to the development of the MS model. To correct MS, the following drugs were used: resveratrol, Stilbene concentrate in a dose of 2 mg/kg, Fenokor 1 ml/kg, azilsartan 1 mg/kg. During the experiment, blood pressure (BP), body weight, and heart rate (HR) were measured in experimental animals. Then, after euthanasia, sections of the heart and aorta of experimental rats were examined using light microscopy.
RESULTS: In MS, adult male rats developed morphological changes in the heart wall, which were primary vascular damage, and secondary myocardial injury. In the aorta, signs of endothelial damage, lipid imbibition, and fibroelastic scaffolding were revealed. A specificity of young animals response to MS was functional compensation with pronounced changes in the structure of large vessels. The greatest effect of normalization of morphofunctional indicators in mature animals is provided by preparations of polyphenols. When MS was corrected with Resveratrol and Fenocor, there was no obese fibrous stroma of the heart, and there was also a normalization of the structure of the middle layer of the aortic wall. In young animals, the use of Azilsartan and Stilbene concentrate from 14th week of the experiment also led to compensation of vascular damage and hemodynamic disorders.
CONCLUSION: To correct the manifestations of MS in the cardiovascular system in mature rats, the most effective drugs are resveratrol and Fenocor, and in young rats azilsartan and Stilbene concentrate in the case of early use.
Walk past the vines, past the orchards
Authors: Gürle Meltem
Published: September 2020

Borrowing its title from a poem by the Turkish poet Cemal Süreya, this literary piece captures the sentiments of an academic couple parting at a railway station - she to remain at the German exile, he to return to Istanbul.
La evolución espiritual de la Monarquía hispana durante el periodo denominado «postridentismo»
Authors: Martínez Millán José
Published: September 2020

El concepto «postridentismo» se aplica para designar la ideología religiosa después del concilio de Trento (1563) hasta el siglo XVIII. Esta ideología fue asumida por la Monarquía hispana, que la implantó en todos sus reinos y la defendió por las armas contra todos sus enemigos. Se deduce de esta interpretación, primero, que hubo una identificación entre la ideología e intereses defendidos por la iglesia y los defendidos por los monarcas hispanos; segundo, esta armonía religiosa se mantuvo invariable durante los siglos XVI y XVII. Un estudio detenido de la evolución histórica de la Monarquía hispana durante ambos siglos demuestra que, primero, no hubo comunidad de intereses entre la Iglesia y España durante el siglo XVI; segundo, en el hecho de que la ideología religiosa fue distinta en el siglo XVII. Ello se observa, incluso, que durante el siglo XVI la Monarquía hispana se construyó de acuerdo con la idea de «Monarquía Universal» y durante el siglo XVII bajo el concepto de «Monarquía católica».
Origen del Colegio de los jesuitas de Zaragoza
Authors: Ferrer Benimeli José A.
Published: September 2020

Se inicia este estudio recordando el contexto histórico en el que Ignacio se mueve y sus relaciones con el mundo de la cultura y el universitario que inicialmente le llevan a no plantear la cuestión de los colegios. Será Laínez quien decida ponerlos en marcha. Tras la experiencia de los primeros implantados en India, España e Italia se analiza el origen y vicisitudes fundacionales (económicas, sociológicas, religiosas y políticas) del colegio de Zaragoza, el más importante de los nueve que existieron en Aragón propiamente dicho antes de la expulsión de Carlos III, si bien eran 28 los establecidos en la entonces provincia jesuítica de Aragón, identificada de hecho con la antigua Corona de Aragón.
Manuel Revuelta González (1936-2019), historiador de la vida religiosa en la España contemporánea
Authors: Verdoy Herranz Alfredo
Published: September 2020

El magisterio del P. Revuelta, además de amplio y versátil, resulta clave para comprender dentro de su propio contexto, el contexto revolucionario y liberal de los siglos XIX y XX, la vida de los religiosos españoles a lo largo de estos dos siglos. Revuelta dedicó tiempo a exhumar documentos y reconstruir históricamente la vida de miles de religiosos que, por fidelidad a su vocación personal y a la orden religiosa en la que se consagraron a Dios, acabaron sufriendo en sus propias carnes los efectos más negativos de la Revolución liberal española. Los liberales españoles aprobaron decretos, en el fondo antiliberales e inconstitucionales, los famosos decretos desamortizadores, que pusieron fuera de la ley a miles de religiosos: los famosos exclaustrados. Miles de españoles, antiguos monjes, monjas, frailes y religiosos, se vieron, de la noche a la mañana, empobrecidos y sin apenas futuro dentro del territorio nacional. En la segunda parte de esta colaboración, presentamos los intentos de reconstrucción de la vida religiosa en la España de la Restauración borbónica.
An ACD diagram developed for simulating a bridge construction operation
Authors:   Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand, Zaeri Fahimeh , Rotimi James ,   Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
Published: September 2020

Success in the performance of construction projects can be substantially enhanced if plans are formulated more realistically, ahead of time. Planning includes identifying project activities, required resources, interdependencies, and also recognizing the uncertainties in the duration of activities. Inherent features of construction projects, such as high repetition, complexity and uniqueness on the one hand, and advances in technology and methodologies on the other, create more difficulties in planning construction delivery. This is true for bridge operations. This study presents an innovative incremental beam launching method with twin truss gantry. This construction method has significant advantages in terms of cost and speed of performance, but increases the level of planning and management required for the bridge operation. Further, because of the newness of the method, no specific Work Breakdown Structure nor conceptual framework has been developed as yet. The aim of the current study is to explore the use of a simulation-based tool (EZStrobe) to facilitate the planning and management of a bridge construction operation (case study). The process followed in the development of a conceptual framework for the case study project is described. An Activity Cycle Diagram is produced alongsidethe conceptual framework and process models, with the intent of illustrating the key steps in the simulation modelling method. The developed models could assist in scheduling and controlling inherent construction features such as uncertainties, complexities, and repetitions in bridge construction projects, consequently improving their delivery.