bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adenolymphoma of the Parotid Gland
Authors: Catania Vinicio Carmelo , Gennari Leandro , Bozzetti Federico , Molinari Roberto
Published: April 2018

In the period 1928–1968 in a series of 355 benign and malignant tumors of the parotid observed at the National Cancer Institute in Milan there were 36 cases of adenolymphoma. The clinical, morbid anatomy and histogenetic features of these cases are described. On the strength of the following findings: normal salivary tissue enclosed within an intraparotid lymph node, the association of a mixed tumor and an adenolymphoma in the same gland, the bilaterality of the tumor in 2 cases and the functional activity demonstrated with 131I, the salivary origin of adenolymphoma is argued. As to treatment, given the biological characteristics of the tumor, enucleation/resection would seem to be the operation of choice. For various reasons, however, including the difficulty of a precise preoperative diagnosis, total parotidectomy, sparing the 7th cranial nerves, is more often performed.
Cavitation of Pulmonary Metastases
Authors: Cappelli Lelio , Guadagni Alfredo D.
Published: April 2018

The pathogenesis of lung metastasis cavitation is discussed with reference to some personal observations. According to the most common hypothesis, namely that cavitation is in some way related to inadequacy of the vascular stromata within the tumor mass, the invasiveness of the tumor would depend on the reduced blood supply. No such relation has been observed and the Xrays clearly show some solid formations and others with well-defined boundaries in which excavation is very pronounced. Factors that probably play an important part in the pathogenesis of this type of lung metastasis are: lung dynamics, the site of the metastasis and the growth characteristics of the tumor.
Relative DNA Concentration in Mouse Epidermis Treated with Carcinogens or Croton Oil
Authors: Garcia Humberto , Leiva Silvia
Published: April 2018

Histophotometry of skin nuclei (stained by the Feulgen reaction) of newborn mice treated with the chemical carcinogens, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and urethan, and the promoting agent croton oil, revealed an early increase in DNA concentration in treated groups. No significant difference was apparent between the effect of carcinogens and the promoting agent croton oil on the concentration of nuclear DNA.
Organ Culture of Human Lymph Nodes, Normal or with Malignant Lymphomas
Authors: Navone Roberto
Published: April 2018

Human lymph nodes, normal or with malignant lymphomas, in organ culture present after four days various types of changes (loss of lymphocytes, necrosis, and fibrotic hyaline changes). In many cases these changes do not destroy the original structure. The latter is more recognizable in reactive hyperplasias, in lymphosarcomas, in reticulum cell sarcomas and in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia than in Hodgkin's disease. Severe fibrosis constitutes a fairly characteristic feature differentiating Hodgkin's disease from other lymphomas.
A « Pseudo-rosette » Thymoma in a 81-year-old Man
Authors: Cozzutto Cleto
Published: April 2018

A very rare unsuspected thymic tumor is reported in a 81-year-old man. The tumor located in the mediastinum, 5, 5×3×2 cm in size, disclosed a lobular and/or alveolar histologic pattern, consisting of ovoid or elongated cells, mimicking epithelial and/or reticular cells. But the most remarkable histologic feature was the presence of «pseudo-rosettes» with single-layered, radially arranged cells encircling a web of silver- stainable fibrils. The last finding classified the tumor as a «pseudo-rosette » thymoma according to Lattes. This is the first report of such a tumor beyond the age of 80.
The Lateral Gastric X-ray Examination in Malignant Lymphomas.
Authors: Guzzon Adalgiso , Milani Franco , Viganotti Giovanni , Bajetta Emilio
Published: April 2018

The authors studied the radiological findings of compression on the posterior wall of the stomach due to nodal involvement by malignant lymphomas. Compression is nearly always seen when the pathological node are peripancreatic and around the splenic vessels and perigastric (near the lesser curvature on the posterior wall). The para-aortic lumbar nodes do not usually cause compression, because they He nearer the midline. They are usually shown by means of lower limb lymphangiography. The present study describes the most characteristic aspects of these lesions and it outlines the radiological findings in numerous cases of biopsy proven malignant lymphomas. The radiological diagnosis of nodal involvement was confirmed by the clinical evolution of the disease, by repeated X-ray examinations after chemotherapy and cobalt therapy and by exploratory laparotomies in the last two years. Because of the above data and their extensive experience in this field, the authors suggest that lateral gastric X-ray examinations could indicate in a high numer of involved cases the presence of lymphoma in this area. These data supply a new radiological parameter to help classify and plan the treatment of these systemic diseases more correctly.
Combination Chemotherapy with Methotrexate, Endoxan, and Vincristine (M.E.V.) in the Treatment of non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Lauria Francesco , Baccarani Michele , Barbieri Enza , Fiacchini Mauro , Tura Sante
Published: April 2018

Twelve patients with lymphocytic lymphoma (L.L.), and 9 patients with histiocytic lymphoma (H.L.), stage III and IV, were treated as outpatients with combination chemotherapy including six courses of cyclophosphamide (Endoxan), Methotrexate, and vincristine (M.E.V. regimen). Marrow depression and side-effects were moderate. In the 12 patients with L.L., there were 6 complete remissions (C.R.), 3 incomplete remission (I.R.), and 3 partial failures (P.F.). In the 9 patients with H.L., there were 7 C.R., 1 I.R. and 1 P.F. Median survival from the end of the therapy is 7 + mos. for the L.L. patients, and 10 + mos. for H.L. patients, all patients being alive but one.
Clinical and Morphological Correlation of Hodgkin's Disease in Children
Authors: Blinova Galina A. , Kolygin Boris A.
Published: April 2018

Clinical and morphological characteristics of Hodgkin's disease were studied in 62 children. The classification by histological type and staging were based on international recommendations. The morphological investigation included repeated biopsies and the study of several lymph nodes and serial sections. Lymphocyte predominance type appeared to be the most frequent histological type, being diagnosed in 47% of the children.

Clinical and morphological observations allowed us to distinguish an additional histological type, « incipient» Hodgkin's disease, in which the structure of the lymph nodes is conserved, but there is a small quantity of pathological cells. Clinical manifestations were minimal in this type of Hodgkin's disease. Lymphocyte predominance type was often associated with Stage I and II and was often met in infants; lymphocyte depletion was correlated with Stage III and IV and with general symptoms; nodular sclerosis and Stage II were observed in older children.
Definition, Activity and Training in Medical Oncology
Authors: Bonadonna Gianni
Published: April 2018

Medical oncology has been defined by the Italian Association of Medical Oncology as a common branch of internal medicine and of clinical oncology. The principal activity of medical oncology is the study and treatment of neoplastic disease with chemotherapy, endocrine therapy and immunotherapy. The field of medical oncology is expanding by broad-based interaction of the multiple disciplines involved in the cancer care. The medical oncologist is therefore an essential component of the team making the initial management decision, and coordinates the selection of appropriate therapy in case of relapse after primary treatment or initially disseminated disease. Since optimal management should be available to all cancer patients regardless of economic, social or geographic considerations, new structures should be created to train young physicians in the field of medical oncology after they have completed their educational program in internal medicine. It is essential that the control of neoplastic diseases should no longer be confined to highly-specialized centers where new treatment modalities should continue to develop, but become an integral part of cancer care for the entire population. To accomplish this goal, medical oncology should become part of formal training.
Increase of Mortality Kate of Cancer of the Larynx in the Town of Torino and in Italy since 1951.
Authors: Terracini Benedetto , Pastore Guido , Coverlizza Sergio
Published: April 2018

Mortality rates of cancer of the larynx in the town of Torino, in the whole of Italy and in France during 1950–71 are reported. Age standardized mortality rates as well as mortality rates truncated to the period 35–64 years of age are reported in Table 1 for males and in Table 2 for females. Graph 1 represents age specific mortality rates for cancer of the larynx in the three areas in 1966–67. Graphs 2, 3 and 4 report mortality rates in males in the three ares for cohort of birth. All rates are annual/100.000. An increase of mortality for cancer of the larynx in men is well documented in the town of Torino. From 1951 to 1966 the mortality rate truncated to age 35–64 increased from 6.3 to 12.0. The proportion of mortality for cancer of the larynx/mortality for all cancers during the same period increased from 3.1 % to 5.4%. In Italy, the mortality rate in men aged 35–64 was 6.5 in 1952 and 9.3 in 1967: during the same period the proportion of mortality for cancer of the larynx/mortality for all cancers increased from 3.8 % to 4.4 %. In France, the tendency to an increase of mortality for laryngeal cancer after 1951 was absent or debatable, although both the mortality rates of cancer of the larynx and the proportion of mortality for cancer of the larynx/mortality for all cancers were consistently higher than in Italy or in Torino. However, in 1966–67 at ages 35–44 the mortality rate for cancer of the larynx in men was higher in Torino than in France (Graph 1).
Lymphographic Evaluation of 285 Testicular Tumors.
Authors: Musumeci Renato , Pizzocaro Giorgio , Farina Floriana , Zanoni Fulvio , La Monica Gaudenzio
Published: April 2018

Since 1961, 285 cases of testicular neoplasms have been investigated by means of lymphangiography at the National Cancer Institute of Milan. Bilateral foot lymphangiography was performed in 233 cases, 46 patients had combined funicular and foot lymphangiography, and in 6 only funicular lymphangiography was performed. Lymphangiograms were probative for secondaries in the retroperitoneal lymph-nodes in 162 cases (56.8 %). The most frequent site of metastasis was the para-aortic nodes (154 cases) with bilateral involvement in 68. Funicular lymphangiograms showed metastasis in the primary testicular lymph-centre in 28/52 investigated cases, and in 6 this was the only site of metastasis. These lymph-nodes are not visualized by foot lymphangiography. Radiological investigations other than lymphangiography were performed in 236 instances. I.V.P. was unable to visualize involved but not enlarged lymphnodes, but proved to be useful in defining the extent of large metastases. G.I.T. was performed in 59 cases and in 4 instances showed retrogastric metastases, which were not visualized by lymphangiography. Also R.P.P. visualized high retroperitoneal metastases in 2 cases with negative lymphangiograms. V.I. were positive only in far advanced cases. Histological lymphographic correlation was possible in 61 cases. Sensitivity (% correct positive lymphangiograms) was 96 % and specificity (% correct negative tests) was 89 %. False negative lymphangiograms occurred only in previously operated patients. In these cases only foot lymphangiography may be performed and the primary testicular lymph-center cannot be visualized.
Some Intrinsic and Extrinsic Aspects of Hydrazine Carcinogenesis.
Authors: Biancifiori Cesare
Published: April 2018

Hydrazine Sulphate (H.S.) even at low doses, equivalent to those administered with isoniazid in man, induced pulmonary tumours in the mouse, more actively in female BALB/c, CBA and C3Hb intact virgin mice. Endogenous ovarian stimulation (provoked by breeding, forced breeding and pseudo-pregnancy) increased the morphological malignancy and the carcinogenic index of these tumours in BALB/c and C3Hb mice. H.S. also induced mammary carcinomas in 38 % of forced bred BALB/c mice. Because of their extensive medical, industrial, agricultural and aero-spatial use, H. S. and hydrazine derivatives should be investigated. Several hydrazine derivatives are carcinogenic in mice, rats and hamsters.
Les Résultats Globaux de la Laryngectomie Horizontale Sus-Glottique
Authors: Guerrier Yves
Published: April 2018

Une remarque s'impose: Nous avons à envisager les résultats de deux types de chirurgie: la chirurgie des lésions vestibulo-épiglottiques que l'on pratique par voie antérieure, la chirurgie des lésions latérales (trois replis - ou aditus antéro latéral) que l'on pratique par voi latérale.
Cardiac Herniation after Pneumonectomy.
Authors: Vaglini Maurizio , Bozzetti Federico , Pagnoni Anna M.
Published: April 2018

Acute cardiac herniation with incarceration following pulmonectomy is a very rare occurrence, often with disastrous results. In this communication we report a case and review the literature.
Effects of Hodgkin Cytotoxic Serum on Electrophoretic Mobility of Normal and Hodgkin Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes.
Authors: Tognella Sergio , Mantovani Giovanni , Cengiarotti Letizia , Del Giacco Gennaro S. , Manconi Paolo E. , Grifoni Vincenzo
Published: April 2018

The effect of Hodgkin patient cytotoxic sera on the electrophoretic mobility of normal and Hodgkin peripheral blood allo-lymphocytes has been studied. Contact with cytotoxic serum determined a significant decrease in the electrophoretic mobility of lymphocytes, due to the presence of cytotoxic antibody on the lymphocyte surface. The antibody seems to be directed against T-lymphocytes. The results are discussed in the light of the preceding data by the authors on the role of anti-T-autoantibodies in Hodgkin's disease.
Histopathologic and Ultrastructural Study of Tumors Induced by Murine Sarcoma Virus (MSV).
Authors: Pennelli Natale , Chieco-Bianchi Luigi , Collavo Dino , Cecchetto Attilio
Published: April 2018

Various growth phases of Moloney murine sarcoma virus (M-MSV) induced tumors in suckling and young adult BALB/c mice have been studied by light and electron microscopy. In the early phase (3-6 days following M-MSV), observations at the injection site of the thigh muscles consisted of endo- and perimysial edema, «activated» muscle satellite cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts, scattered type C virus particles within the muscle fibers, muscle fibers and endomysial cells undergoing necrosis and macrophage and granulocyte infiltration. During the overt tumor phase (6-12 days following M-MSV), observation of neoplastic tissue disclosed proliferation of several cell types (endothelial, periosteal, fibroblasts, etc.), poorly differentiated myoblasts along with atypical rhabdo-myoblast-like cells and sarcolytes, type C virus budding from muscle fiber and myoblast plasma membrane, and intense degenerative and regenerative changes in the muscle fibers together with more profuse granulocyte infiltration. The regressive phase (13-21 days following M-MSV) presented reduced cellularity of the neoplastic tissue, a decrease in blast cells, diminishing granulocyte infiltration with contemporaneous appearance of prominent lymphocyte foci and gradual disappearance of virus particles. Although many cell types of mesenchymal origin proliferate following M-MSV infection, the above morphological findings indicate that striated muscle is a preferential site for virus replication and transformation. Furthermore, the peculiar virus cell relationships leading to cell lysis and continuous recruitment of newly infected cells have been widely documented. In the light of these findings it is suggested that, besides the host immune control of virus spread and tumor cell multiplication, the non clonal growth pattern of M-MSV induced tumors is a crucial factor in determining the spontaneous regression which occurs with high frequency in this experimental system.
Nuclear Morphology in False Negative and Negative Rectal Biopsies.
Authors: Rilke Franco , Clemente Claudio , Pilotti Silvana
Published: April 2018

An atypical nuclear structure consisting of a cribriform and condensed chromatin pattern with hyperchromasia, a small nucleolus and a moderately increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio was observed in the epithelial cells of the crypts and in the stromal and muscular cells of 51 out of 70 oncologically negative biopsies of the rectal mucosa. The subsequent retrieval of all clinical and histologic data revealed that the 51 cases included 39 of adenocarcinoma of the large intestine either present (15 cases) at a variable distance from the false negative biopsy or removed previously (24 cases), 7 of extraintestinal malignant tumor (parotid gland, urinary bladder, endometrium, breast, stomach, metastatic, anus) and 5 with benign conditions of the large intestine. Of the remaining 19 cases whose biopsies did not reveal the atypical nuclear structure 16 had benign lesions of the large intestine and nowhere evidence of malignancy, two had an adenocarcinoma of the large bowel (one present and one removed previously) and one a carcinoma of the anus. In the rectal biopsies examined the atypical nuclear structure was detected in 93.9 % of the cases with a malignant tumor either present or removed previously and in 19 % of the cases with benign conditions. The morphologic evidence indicated that the atypical nuclear structure was compatible with a possible disturbance of the mitotic cycle since the findings were restricted to the generative compartment of rectal epithelium. The results are discussed in connection with their possible practical use as a diagnostic aid in the evaluation and interpretation of false negative and negative rectal biopsies as well as with their possible significance in the biology of tumor-bearing hosts.
Bone Marrow Scanning.
Authors: Salvatore Marco , Muto Vincenzo , Tarallo Luigi , Stanzione Roberto
Published: April 2018

Personal experience of Technetium-99m-sulfur colloid in the scintiscanning of bone marrow is reported. The method offers technical advantages over other methods and superior protection, while its only limitation is that it does not permit a dynamic study of hematopoiesis. Four pathologic scans typical of four groups of diseases may be distinguished. Further, metastatic bone marrow localisations can be diagnosed much earlier and more precisely than by radiography.
Survival and Therapeutic Strategy in Germinal Tumors of Testicle.
Authors: Pizzocaro Giorgio , Lattuada Angelo , Musumeci Renato , Zanoni Fulvio , Monfardini Silvio , Bonadonna Gianni
Published: April 2018

The paper retrospectively reviews the modalities and the long-term results of treatment of 200 consecutive patients with pure seminoma and of 125 patients with testicular carcinomas admitted to the Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori of Milan from 1929 to Jan 1973. Radical orchiectomy with high ligation of the spermatic cord at the internal inguinal ring was performed in all previously untreated patients. Those who had had a scrotal operation performed elsewhere were radically reoperated upon. Lymphography and cobalt 60 telecurietherapy were introduced in 1960 and new treatment plans were employed for the irradiation of the deep lymphnodes. Since 1968 all operable carcinomas have undergone bilateral retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy and since 1964 all patients with advanced disease have been treated with chemotherapy (single agent or combination). Survival rates were calculated by the actuarial method. The new treatment modalities proved to be significantly superior to the old ones. In pure seminoma a 92 % cure rate was obtained in NO patients after prophylactic irradiation of retroperitoneal nodes (2,500-3,000 rad in 3 weeks). In N1-3 patients the cure rate was as high as 75% after radical irradiation of retroperitoneal nodes (3,500-4,000 rad in 4 weeks) as well as prophylactic irradiation of mediastinum and both supraclavicular fossae. Extended radical radiotherapy (combined with chemotherapy in some patients) cured 2/6 N4 and 3/8 Ml patients. According to the old modalities of treatment, figures were respectively 72% in NO cases, 40% in N1-3 and 0% in N4 and Ml patients. In carcinomas, the cure rate after retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy was 91% in N–- patients and 47% in N+ cases. In N+ patients post-operative radiation was also performed (4,000-5,000 rad in 5 weeks). After radiotherapy alone (without lymphadenectomy) the rates were 62% in NO and 28% in N1-2 patients. In primary inoperable patients (N3-4 and Ml) chemotherapy, with or without radiation, significantly prolonged the survival rate. It is concluded that radiotherapy is the treatment of choice for pure seminoma and in N4 and Ml cases a full course of chemotherapy must be combined with extensive irradiation. Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy is mandatory in all operable cases of testicular carcinoma while adjuvant chemotherapy may further improve the prognosis in N+ cases. For inoperable carcinomas chemotherapy (plus radiotherapy) is the treatment of choice. The new multiple drug regimens are providing encouraging results.
Effects of the Cobalt Ion on the in Vitro Growth of Mouse Fetus Fibroblasts.
Authors: Brambilla Giovanni , Boaretto Maria Cristina , Bolognesi Claudia
Published: April 2018

The effect of cobalt II (CoCl2.6 H2O) on growth and plating efficiency of an established line of BALB/c mouse embryo cells was examined. The degree of inhibition of cell proliferation was dependent on both cobaltous ion dose and duration of treatment. Plating efficiency was enhanced by low doses and/or short time of exposure, but was reduced by treatment with higher doses or of longer duration.
Chemotherapy and the Healing Process.
Authors: Paolucci Rocco , Zanoni Fulvio , Azzarelli Alberto
Published: April 2018

The increasing use of chemotherapy in association with surgery has prompted the suggestion that cancer chemotherapeutic drugs may interfere with the healing process. To test this hypothesis 30 Wistar rats were subjected to laparotomy and colonic resection and treated with 5-Fluorouracil or Mitomycin C. The bursting strength of the abdominal scars and the colonic anastomotic bursting pressure revealed some interference in the rats treated with 5-Fluorouracil (Student's t test P < 0.05) but none in the case of Mitomycin C. This preliminary study deserves to be followed up.
A Case of Pseudosarcoma of the Esophagus.
Authors: Rock Teo , Cabrini Giampiero , Rizzi Alberto , Bratina Giorgio
Published: April 2018

Pseudosarcoma of the esophagus previously has been described and documented in only 13 patients. Our case, after a successful total esophagectomy with esophagogastroplasty, is physically well without any symptoms of recurrence to date (18 months postoperative).
Comparison of Radiological Findings in Children with Hodgkin's Disease and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas at Disease Presentation.
Authors: Musumeci Renato , Castellino Ronald A. , Bellani Franca Fossati , Gasparini Marco
Published: April 2018

From January 1968 to March 1975, 115 patients with malignant lymphomas, all aged under 15 years, were admitted to the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan: 57 had Hodgkin's disease (mean age 9.7 yrs) and 58 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (mean age 7.7 yrs). In this group of consecutive unselected and untreated patients the incidence of lesions radio-logically evident at disease presentation was comparatively evaluated in relation to histology. 36 cases underwent a subsequent diagnostic laparotomy with splenectomy. Chest X-ray was performed in all patients. It proved to be pathologic in 44 % of patients with Hodgkin's disease (mediastinal adenopathies were present in all cases). Pulmonary lesions were documented in 5 %, pleural in 2 % and skeletal in 2 %. Lymphography showed retroperitoneal involvement in 16 % with Hodgkin's disease and in 29 % with malignant lymphomas; radiological findings were confirmed by laparotomy in 35/36 cases. Skeletal survey proved to be abnormal in only 2 % of Hodgkin's compared to 18 % of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. All lesions were clinically symptomatic. Intestinal involvements (small bowel and colon), which were always symptomatic, were present in 15 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (26%). IVP showed direct involvement of kidneys in 2 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The comparison of radiological findings in the two groups of patients confirm that non-Hodgkin's lymphomas have a more aggressive initial spread: 43 % of patients were classified as stage IV at disease presentation. At the same time, our data prove that some of these diagnostic tools are of scant use when performed as a screening procedure for occult lesions.
Study of 12 Cases of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the Testicle.
Authors: Zanoni Fulvio , Pizzocaro Giorgio , Paolucci Rocco , Musumeci Renato , Milani Franco , Monfardini Silvio
Published: April 2018

Twelve consecutive cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with initial testicular involvement have been considered in this retrospective evaluation. In 801 cases with referred for treatment to the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan from 1962 to 1974 evidence of initial testicular involvement was observed in 1,4 % of cases. Of the whole group of testicular tumors treated in our Institute only 3 % were classified as non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Six out of 12 patients with stage I (2 cases) and II (4 cases) diseases were treated with Cobalt therapy to the retroperitoneal nodes. Only one patient remained free of disease after radiotherapy. Three patients relapsed after primary irradiation and six patients classified as stage IV were treated with chemotherapy. Patients receiving combination chemotherapy had in general a better quality of response and a larger, but not significantly different, survival, compared to patients given simple agent sequential chemotherapy. Since the differential diagnosis between testicular lymphomas and seminomas may cause some difficulties and therapeutic implications are different, clinicians should be alert to this problem: in our case series testicular non-Hodgkin's lymphomas was the most frequent non-germinal tumor of the testicle.
Splenic Hemangiosarcoma with Spontaneous Rupture and Liver Metastases.
Authors: Martinazzi Massimo , Lombardi Carlo , Morosi Giovanni , Cavalleri Mario
Published: April 2018

A case of a 31 years-old male with pathologic rupture of the spleen and hemoperitoneum, caused by a primitive splenic hemangiosarcoma and occurred during a weight-lifting is described. A metastatic involvement of the liver was also noted. The patient was splenectomized and died within 2 months.
Gastric Stump Carcinoma after Resection for Benign Gastric or Duodenal Ulcer.
Authors: Aste Hugo , Molinari Franco , Raiteri Giorgio
Published: April 2018

33 cases of cancer of the gastric stump after gastrectomy for peptic ulcer observed between 1963 and 1972 are reviewed. In 26 patients the average interval between operation and carcinoma detection was over 20 years. No cases of carcinoma occurred in less than 10 years. All patients came too late for surgery, since they had attributed their symptoms to the previous operation. The gradual increase in the gastric-cancer risk of operated patients with time suggests a continuous carcinogenic influence. Regurgitation of duodenal contents through the Billroth II anastomosis seems to be the most important cause of postoperative atrophic gastritis, which is now considered by many authors to be a condition predisposing to gastric cancer. Gastric resection patients should be regarded as a high gastric-cancer risk group. The periodic use of modern procedures for early gastric cancer detection in this group of patients is therefore justified.
Tumors of Children in Italy
Authors: Anglesio Enrico
Published: April 2018

The children's mortality in Italy from malignant tumors was 1039 deaths in 1970. They are 1.04% of all deaths from tumors and represent a ratio of 19/100,000. Incidence was established on the basis of 631 tumors reported in ages 0-14, a ratio of 15.01/100,000. The rates are 18.27 for 0-4 years, 16.65 for 5-9 years, and 13.74 for 10-14 years. The age distribution shows an increasing trend with age for mesenchymal tumors, epithelial tumors, and lymphomas. A decreasing trend was found for leukemias, central nervous system tumors, and embryogenic tumors.
In Vivo Inhibition of Antitumor Immunity by Embryonic Antigens
Authors: Lembo Rosario , Parmiani Giorgio
Published: April 2018

Adult female BALB/c mice were immunized against the 3-methylcholanthrene–induced fibrosarcoma ST2 by growth and excision, and then injected with either neoplastic or embryonic mitomycin-C-blocked syngeneic cells before receiving a subcutaneous challenge of 105 ST2 cells. Other groups of similarly immunized females were intraperitoneally implanted with cell-impermeable diffusion chambers containing neoplastic or embryonic tissues, or mated to syngeneic males, before being challenged with ST2 cells. The mice immunized and injected with blocked ST2 but not with embryonic or antigenically unrelated neoplastic cells showed a resistance to the growth of ST2 significantly lower than that of immune mice given normal adult cells. This was particularly evident when ST2 blocked cells were given parenterally but was also detectable when ST2 blocked cells were cultured within diffusion chambers kept in tumor–excised mice. The syngeneic pregnancy had no effect on the antitumor immunity. In a subsequent study, BALB/c females were challenged with the same number of ST2 tumor cells as above, but the challenge was performed at days +4, +2, 0, –-2, –-4 from excision, and the blocked neoplastic embryonic or normal adult cells were given starting at the day of challenge. It was found that when the challenge was done 4 and 2 days after the excision, the administration of either antigenically-related tumor cells or embryonic cells could reduce the antitumor immune protection, while no such an effect was detectable in the other experimental groups. Thus, in addition to tumor-associated transplantation antigens, embryonic antigens also seem to be able to impair the developing antitumor immunity provided they are given within four days from the excision of the immunizing growth.
Combination Chemotherapy with 1-Methyl-1-Nitrosourea and Cyclophosphamide in Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Kolarić Krsto , Roth Anton , Fuss Vera
Published: April 2018

Twenty one patients with advanced metastatic melanoma were treated with a combination of 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU) and cyclophosphamide. AH the patients had not previously been treated with cytostatics. MNU in the dose of 4 mg/kg and cyclophosphamide in the dose of 8 mg/kg body weight was administered daily. The drugs were given in 6 day cycles. Objective response (> 50% tumor regression) was obtained in 8 (38%) of the 21 treated patients, with 2 complete and 6 partial remissions. The duration of remission was 2–12 months (M = 6.2 months). Injections of MNU caused nausea and vomiting in approximately all the treated patients. Combination of these drugs, however, produced myelodepression in 33% of treated patients. This combination of drugs showed antitumor activity in metastatic malignant melanoma, particularly in melanoma metastasis of the lung, brain and lymph nodes and needs further investigation.
Blue Nevus of the Cervix
Authors: Carinelli Silvestro G. , Prat Jaime , Robboy Stanley J.
Published: April 2018

Six cases of blue nevus of the endocervix are reported with a review of the literature. The lesion is interpreted as a visceral analogue of the cutaneous blue nevus.
Bioactivity of Male (Sperm Transmitted) Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus as Influenced by Donor, Recipient and Age at Treatment
Authors: Squartini Francesco , Di Coscio Giancarlo
Published: April 2018

The sperm collected from mammary tumor virus (MTV)-carrying mice (C3H, BALB/cfC3H, BALB/cfRIII and RIII) was separately tested for mammary tumor-inducing activity in (BALB/c × C3Hf)F1, (BALB/c × RIIIf)F1, and BALB/c female recipients by i.p. injection of 0.1 ml of the sperm at 1–2 weeks or at 3 months of age. A total of 551 recipients was observed, including control mice. The results may be summarized as follows: 1) mammary tumor incidence in experiments with or without histocompatibility between sperm donor and recipient is the same; 2) bioactivity is related to the type of MTV (C3H, RIII) and to the type of recipient, not to the sperm donor; 3) the activity of RIII MTV released in the sperm appears to be less influenced by the age of recipients than is that of C3H MTV; 4) BALB/c recipients are more susceptible to C3H than to RIII sperm-released MTV; 5) (BALB/c × RIIIf)F1 hybrids are resistant to sperm-released MTV, especially to C3H MTV infection, and show a 34% incidence of late spontaneous lymphomas inherited by the RIIIf male parent; 6) (BALB/c × C3Hf)F1 hybrids are susceptible to both C3H and RIII sperm-released MTV and show a 30% incidence of late spontaneous mammary tumors due to genetic transmission of MTV by the C3Hf male parent.
Failures (Cause and Time) of Radiotherapy in Oral Cancer
Authors: Volterrani Fabio , Barni Sandro , Chiesa Fausto , Uslenghi Carlo
Published: April 2018

The results of a retrospective clinical evaluation concerning 434 cases of oral carcinomas treated with radiotherapy from January 1959 to December 1967 are presented. The analysis of the results obtained shows that radiotherapy alone may offer a reasonable possibility of success in limited lesions (68.3% 5-year survival of Stage I patients). In more advanced local cases, and especially those with regional adenopathies, radiotherapy alone cannot consistently control the disease for a long period of time; 5-year survival from the onset of treatment was respectively 36.5% and 24.5% for Stage II and III cases. Moreover, if controlateral or bilateral metastatic adenopathies or fixed lymph nodes are present, the prognosis becomes dramatic (2.6% 5-year survival of Stage IV patients). Among the irradiation techniques currently available, curietherapy (interstitial applications or surface molds) presumably offers the best possibility of success, since the observed failures, both overall and stage by stage, are inferior. Radiotherapy alone may generally be of proven efficacy if the local or locoregional extension is limited. In more advanced cases a combined surgery-chemotherapy treatment method is recommended. The criteria for a combined therapeutic approach for these tumors are also discussed.
Parenteral Hyperalimentation in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer
Authors: Bozzetti Federico
Published: April 2018

Sixty-six patients with locally advanced or diffuse gastrointestinal cancer or suffering from major complications due to surgery or radiation therapy, were treated with continuous parenteral hyperalimentation at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan for a cumulative period of 2101 study-days. Patients were divided into 4 groups: Group 1, malnourished patients with advanced gastrointestinal malignancy; Group 2, patients with gastrointestinal fistulae due to simple surgical complications or to radiation injury of the bowel; Group 3, patients with major postoperative complications; Group i, surgical patients with gastric or colo-rectal carcinoma treated preoperatively. Mean infusional regime for the various groups included 42–56 Cal/kg/day and 1.5 to 2.4 g amino acid/kg/day, and the duration of the treatment ranged from 7 to 144 days. The results obtained show that protein calorie depletion of cancer patients may depend on malnutrition and that it can be reversed by parenteral nutrition, in patients, that are candidates for surgical treatment or those who qualify for chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Parenteral nutrition has a fundamental role in patients with fistulae, even if much attention must be paid to the external care of the fistula and the wound. In addition, nutritional support by intravenous feeding has proven essential for a successful outcome of patients with major postoperative complications. Preoperative protein repletion and central venous nutrition in patients who require gastrointestinal surgery represent a modern advance in the field of cancer surgery.
Histopathology and Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in the Padua Area
Authors: Palma Paolo Dalla , Fassina Ambrogio S.
Published: April 2018

The histologie epidemiology of all breast cancer cases that had been diagnosed in the Padua area over an 11-year period was studied, and the absolute and relative distribution of breast cancer, location indices according to histologic types, 5-yr distribution and annual age-specific incidences of infiltrating and noninfiltrating cancers, as well as noncancerous disease were calculated. The results suggest that the Padua area should be considered a medium-high risk area along with England and Scandinavia.
6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase, Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase, and Hexokinase Activity Ratios in Some Human Tumor Cytosols
Authors: Miranda Michele , Ventura Terenzio , Iorio Luciano , Ragnelli Anna M. , Martano Claudio , Di Vito Laura
Published: April 2018

The ratios of some key enzymatic activities of carbohydrate metabolism have been measured in human tumor cytosols. The activities of whole hexokinase (low Km, EC 2.7.1.1 and high Km, EC 2.7.1.2), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.43), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.9) change according to a biochemical pattern coherent with cell growth requirements. 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activity was in each sample tested higher than glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity; this indicates that 6-phosphogluconate, a powerful inhibitor of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, is unlikely to accumulate and inhibit this enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate channelling into glycolysis.
Intermittent Intrathecal Methotrexate and Fractional Radiation (M-Imfra) plus Chemotherapy in Childhood Leukemia
Authors: Mastrangelo Renato , Romanini Attilio , Cellini Numa , Parenti Dante , De Renzis Costantino , Riccardi Riccardo , Cimatti Guido , Malandrino Raffaella
Published: April 2018

Preliminary results of our investigation concern 28 consecutive cases of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), treated between March 1974 and March 1978 at the Clinica Pediatrica of the Catholic University in Rome, with a slight modification of the ALL protocol II of the Children's Hospital of Michigan (M-IMFRA). This protocol includes intermittent low dosage radiation of the cranio-spinal axis, combined with single intrathecal injections of methotrexate for the prophylaxis of central nervous system leukemia. Of the initial 28 children, one did not achieve a complete remission and one died of viral pneumonitis, 4 months after admission, in complete remission and had no hematologic toxicity at the time of this infection. The evaluation of remission duration is based on the remaining 26 children with a period of observation of up to 48 months. Only 2 children, who belonged to the low risk group, have so far relapsed, and relapse was confined to the bone marrow. Median survival without evidence of recurrence is 21 months. Or the 28 patients investigated, 17 are high risk children, as judged by the WBC above 20,000/mm3, mediastinal mass and age below 18 months or above 12 years. Only minimal toxicity has been observed in all cases. We have been encouraged to continue the regimen described here by recent observations regarding the abnormal computed tomography (ACT) scans in children with ALL following CNS prophylaxis of 2,400 rad to the skull. The high incidence of CAT scan abnormalities found is of interest and suggests a reappraisal of the current approaches to CNS prophylaxis.
A Casual Finding of Primary Splenic Hodgkin's Disease in a Case of Traumatic Rupture of the Spleen
Authors: Martinazzi Massimo , Palatini Massimo
Published: April 2018

A case of 15-year-old male with traumatic rupture of the spleen is reported. Patterns of Hodgkin's lymphoma were found in sections of the spleen. Lymph nodes were not involved. Ten years after the splenectomy the patient is alive and well.
Descriptive Epidemiology of Hodgkin's Disease in the Province of Torino, 1965-1971
Authors: Vineis Paolo , Aimone Giovanni , Costa Giuseppe
Published: April 2018

Age-standardized incidence rates of Hodgkin's disease in the province of Torino in 1965-1971 were 2.81/100,000/year in males and 1.64 in females, i.e., somewhat lower than in urban areas of other industrialized countries. In the whole province, age-distribution for males was similar to previous findings elsewhere, with a young-adult peak at ages 25-34. However, in the city of Torino, males showed a first peak in the age-class 35-44, while in the rest of the province an infantile peak (0-14 years) was found. By dividing the latter area in suburbs and nonmetropolitan area, the infantile peak was confirmed only in the nonmetropolitan area. Females showed a different behavior: in the city of Torino there was a unimodal curve (peak in age-class 55-64), and in the rest of the province there was a bimodal curve with a first peak in age-class 15-24. These patterns have been analyzed in relation to the suggestion of a distribution by age of Hodgkin's disease following 3 types (nonindustrialized countries, urban areas of industrialized countries and rural areas of industrialized countries). No significant differences in the distribution of cases were found among the smallest geographical units considered (ULSs), in contrast with previous findings on cancer of the larynx and bladder, which showed marked geographical differences within the province of Torino.
Time Dependence of Hematoporphyrin Distribution in Selected Tissues of Normal Rats and in Ascites Hepatoma
Authors: Jori Giulio , Pizzi Giambeppi , Reddi Elena , Tomio Luigi , Salvato Benedetto , Zorat Pierluigi , Calzavara Fulvio
Published: April 2018

The distribution of hematoporphyrin was determined in normal rats and in rats bearing ascites hepatoma as a function of time after i.p. injection of 10-20 mg/kg of dye. In both cases, hematoporphyrin displayed a high affinity for the tumor cells. At 20 mg/kg, the maximum difference between the amount of hematoporphyrin accumulated in the tumor and in the liver was obtained at 12 h after injection (tumor/liver ratio = 28). Our results suggest that hematoporphyrin is almost exclusively metabolized in the liver and excreted via the biliary tract, whereas only minor amounts are metabolized in the tumor cells. Moreover, the binding between the porphyrin and tumor cells is competitive with serum protein binding.
Clinical and Immunological Evaluation of 5 Cases of Mycosis Fungoides in Advanced Stages
Authors: Tirelli Umberto , Veronesi Andrea , Galligioni Enzo , Trovò Mauro G. , Magri Donatella , Frustaci Sergio , Crivellari Diana , Roncadin Mario , Tumolo Salvatore , Grigoletto Eligio
Published: April 2018

Five patients with mycosis fungoides, hospitalized in the Division of Radiotherapy and Medical Oncology of the Ospedale Civile, Pordenone, from January 1975 to December 1978, were studied and treated as non-Hodgkin lymphomas. All patients had evidence of disseminated disease: 3 with bone marrow infiltration, 1 with splenic involvement and 1 with lymph node involvement. Three patients were treated with CVP, resulting in 2 complete remissions that lasted 18 months and 1 PR > 50% maintained for 7 months. One patient was treated with ABVD with a PR > 50% maintained for 10 months. The last patient was treated with prednisone and then with CV, but expired from pulmonary embolism after 1 cycle. Lymphocyte function, using E and EAC rosette and PHA, was evaluated before therapy in all patients: in the 2 patients who obtained a CR, an improvement in T-lymphocyte function was noted after therapy. The chromosome pattern of peripheral blood lymphocytes was altered before therapy in only one patient. Even if the follow-up period is still relatively brief, the duration of the 2 complete remissions must be stressed. In addition, a strict correlation between T-lymphocyte function and response to therapy was revealed in our study.
Clinically Occult Breast Lesions: Criteria of Radiological Diagnosis as a Guide to the Choice of Biopsy Technique
Authors: Ciatto Stefano , Cardona Gaetano
Published: April 2018

A series of 90 clinically occult operated breast lesions, diagnosed in the course of mammographic mass screening for early detection of breast cancer, is reported. Five radiological patterns of suspect lesions are identified and compared with histological diagnosis of the biopsy. Diagnostic quadrantectomy is suggested for clinically unapparent lesions showing a radiologic pattern which has a high probability of finding a cancer or preneoplastic lesion (severe epitheliosis). Alternative biopsy methods to diagnostic quadrantectomy are recommended for lesions showing other radiological patterns, allowing for a more limited breast tissue excision.
Enhanced Effectiveness of Adriamycin and Bleomycin Combined with Local Hyperthermia in Neck Node Metastases from Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Arcangeli Giorgio , Cividalli Anna , Mauro Francesco , Nervi Carlo , Pavin Giuliano
Published: April 2018

The results of this study concern the comparison of the clinical effects of adriamycin (ADM) or bleomycin (BLM) alone and combined with local hyperthermia on 15 patients with multiple (29) neck node metastases from head and neck cancers. With repeated low fractional daily doses of drug a significant though transient tumor regression was obtained in 2/8 and in 3/6 of the lesions treated with ADM or BLM alone, respectively. When the drugs were combined with 42-43°C hyperthermia, an overall response, either complete or partial, was seen in all the lesions. Complete regression was observed in 38% (3/8) and 43% (3/7) of the lesions treated with ADM or BLM, respectively, combined with heat. At a 4-month follow-up, 33% (2/6) and 40% (2/5) of the same groups of lesions remained still undetectable. These results suggest that the combined treatment of drugs and local hyperthermia can be advantageously employed in clinical practice for treating local tumors, especially recurrences in previously irradiated areas.
Experimental Study on Bone Marrow CFUS Following Anticancer Drug Administration to Plethoric Mice
Authors: Massa Giulio G. , Bogliolo Giuseppe V. , Saviane Alberto G. , Pannacciulli Ivo M.
Published: April 2018

The effect of some cycle-dependent anticancer drugs on CFUS has been studied in transfused polycythemic mice. In untreated animals during passive plethora erythropoiesis is depressed but the content of CFUS per femur remains constant. In treated plethoric mice the femural content of CFUS is similar or higher than that found in treated controls after administration of adriamycin, vinblastine, cyclophosphamide, it is lower when the mice receive azathioprine or hydroxyurea. These results suggest that suppression of erythropoiesis does not uniformly affect the susceptibility of pluripotent stem cells to anticancer drugs. Interpretation of the reported findings is difficult as it must take into account a complex interplay of a number of factors.