bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial polarimetric second harmonic generation evaluation of collagen in a hypophosphatasia mouse model
Authors: Zheng Tianyi , Pendleton Emily G. , Barrow Ruth P. , Maslesa Ana D. , Kner Peter A. , Mortensen Luke J.
Published: July 2024

Polarization-resolved second harmonic generation (pSHG) is a label-free method that has been used in a range of tissue types to describe collagen orientation. In this work, we develop pSHG analysis techniques for investigating cranial bone collagen assembly defects occurring in a mouse model of hypophosphatasia (HPP), a metabolic bone disease characterized by a lack of bone mineralization. After observing differences in bone collagen lamellar sheet structures using scanning electron microscopy, we found similar alterations with pSHG between the healthy and HPP mouse collagen lamellar sheet organization. We then developed a spatial polarimetric gray-level co-occurrence matrix (spGLCM) method to explore polarization-mediated textural differences in the bone collagen mesh. We used our spGLCM method to describe the collagen organizational differences between HPP and healthy bone along the polarimetric axis that may be caused by poorly aligned collagen molecules and a reduction in collagen density. Finally, we applied machine learning classifiers to predict bone disease state using pSHG imaging and spGLCM methods. Comparing random forest (RF) and XGBoost technique on spGLCM, we were able to accurately separate unknown images from the two groups with an averaged F1 score of 92.30%±3.11% by using RF. Our strategy could potentially allow for monitoring of therapeutic efficacy and disease progression in HPP, or even be extended to other collagen-related ailments or tissues.
Leveraging PLOAM messaging for environmental temperature mapping in aerial-deployed time-division multiple access PONs
Authors: Vidal Borja , Salgado-Cazorla Cristian
Published: July 2024

The use of optical access networks with aerial-deployed fiber for deriving maps of environmental temperature is investigated. Telecom operators have thousands of kilometers of deployed fiber to provide last-mile broadband services, which could be leveraged to extract temperature information with no additional cost since data are already available as part of the physical layer operations, administration, and maintenance (PLOAM) traffic. Here, it is shown how this information can be used to develop maps of environmental temperature as a method to complement present weather observation platforms. Preliminary experimental results with a G.984 passive optical network (PON) in operation show the feasibility of the technique.
Experimental dataset for developing and testing ML models in optical communication systems
Authors: Santos Caio , Moawad Abdelrahmane , Shariati Behnam , Emmerich Robert , Safari Pooyan , Schubert Colja , Fischer Johannes K.
Published: July 2024

Due to the scarcity of diverse and well-organized public datasets, individual research organizations are often forced to develop and utilize their own datasets. However, the utilization of machine learning (ML) models in optical communications and networks heavily depends on the existence of high-quality datasets, especially covering the various parameters to be optimized in wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) systems. In this work, we present a public dataset for developing and testing ML models. The dataset is developed in a laboratory setting and includes 12,672 samples including data points with different modulation formats, symbol rates, distances, WDM channel allocation profiles, etc. Each data point offers more than 60 features, revealing almost every aspect of the transmission setup. Moreover, we provide optical spectra of the entire C-band as well as a constellation diagram of the channel under test for all the data points. The diversity and extensiveness of the dataset alongside a well-structured document would allow plenty of use-cases and studies to be carried out covering quality of transmission (QoT) studies, optical spectrum analysis, constellation diagram modeling, digital twin evaluation, etc. Similar to our previous efforts, the current dataset aims to facilitate collaboration by offering a way for fair comparison of research outcomes in data analysis within the domain of optical communication systems.
From fangs to antidotes: A scoping review on snakebite burden, species, and antivenoms in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Alshalah Ali , Williams David J. , Ferrario Alessandra
Published: July 2024

Background

Snake bites cause considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet evidence from low- and middle-income countries remains fragmented. This is particularly the case in Eastern Mediterranean Region where available data on snake bites is relatively weak. Without reliable data, it is difficult to make the case for greater visibility and investment to address the snakebite burden in this Region. A scoping review was therefore conducted to summarize evidence on snake bites in countries of the Eastern Mediterranean.

Methodology/principal findings

The review employed manual and electronic searching methods of four databases plus Google Scholar, ultimately including 196 records from 20 countries published between 2000 and 2023. More than half originated from Iran, Morocco, and Pakistan. Many records lacked information on permanent sequalae, disability, snake species, and types and sources of antivenoms. When identified, offending snakes belonged to 30 species. Use of more than 12 types of antivenoms were described across the Region, and some were not specific to indigenous species.

Conclusion/significance

Despite the relatively large number of publications identified, the data were concentrated in just a few countries in the Region, and there was little or no information available for the remainder. As is the case worldwide, disability associated with snake bites was poorly characterized and quantified across the Region. There is an urgent need for concrete action at national and regional levels to enhance epidemiological surveillance, research, and the collection of clinical, disability and outcomes data to inform policy and public health investment. Greater regional cooperation and collaboration is also crucial for addressing this neglected disease throughout the Region.
Spatio-temporal coordinated development pattern evolution and driving factors of regional population and green economy: Evidence from Shandong Province in China
Authors: Guo Siliang , Diao Yanhua
Published: July 2024

The study of spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and factors affecting the coordinated development of population and green economy (CD_PGE) in Shandong province, China, has significant decision-making implications for promoting high-quality and sustainable regional development. Based on 2001 to 2020 panel data for each city and economic zone in Shandong province, this paper constructs an evaluation model for the CD_PGE systems. Using growth elasticity models, geographic concentration models, kernel density estimation models, spatial autocorrelation, analysis of population and regional green economy development in Shandong Province from the perspective of spatial agglomeration coupling, spatial and temporal coupling coordination patterns, and evolutionary characteristics. In addition, we use the fixed effect models and panel quantile models to empirically test the effects of coordinated demographic and green economy development. The results show that: (1) In terms of demo-graphic and economic development characteristics, Shandong’s demographic and green economy development trends are good, but there are still many challenges. (2) According to the time series evolution and spatial distribution characteristics, the degree of CD_PGE in Shandong Province is on the rise, and the level of spatial distribution is distinct. (3) From the spatio-temporal dynamical grid evolution of the degree of CD_PGE, the CD_PGE is characterized by significant spatial clustering, but with large regional differences. (4) From an impact factor perspective, both market mechanisms and government intervention have a significant impact on the degree of CD_PGE, but the direction and extent of the impact vary.
Optimal planning and partitioning of multiple distribution Micro-Grids based on reliability evaluation
Authors: Khanavandi Hamid Amini , Gandomkar Majid , Nikoukar Javad
Published: July 2024

Power system researcher have turned to Micro-Grids (MG) for higher reliability, greater flexibility, lower operating costs and losses, and lower CO2 emissions at the distribution system. This paper presents a single-level stochastic optimization framework for planning and partitioning of a distribution system including Multiple Micro-Grids (MMGs). The main objective is to minimize the total cost of the system including investment, operation, total losses and reliability costs of the distribution network. The proposed model takes into account the viewpoints of MG owners and distribution system operators, simultaneously. The voltage stability index is introduced to identify the optimal site of MG investment. To deal with uncertainties caused by renewable generations, the Firefly Algorithm (FA) and probability-tree method is used to create various operation scenarios of Photo-Voltaic (PVs) and Wind Turbines (WTs). This model is solved through the genetic algorithm in MATLAB, and to evaluate its effectiveness, numerical studies have been carried out on the experimental IEEE distribution network with four specified locations for investing MGs and seven Tie Switches (TS) for network partitioning. Simulation results reveal that optimal locations for MG investment are determined in such a way all MGs connect to the buses near the beginning of the feeder and as a result, load point reliability is improved, total active power losses are reduced, and the energy program becomes more optimized.
Paleobiological implications of chevron pathology in the sauropodomorph Plateosaurus trossingensis from the Upper Triassic of SW Germany
Authors: Schaeffer Joep , Wolff Ewan , Witzmann Florian , Ferreira Gabriel S. , Schoch Rainer R. , Mujal Eudald
Published: July 2024

Paleopathology, the study of diseases and injuries from the fossil record, allows for a unique view into the life of prehistoric animals. Pathologies have nowadays been described in nearly all groups of fossil vertebrates, especially dinosaurs. Despite the large number of skeletons, pathologies had never been reported in the sauropodomorph Plateosaurus trossingensis. Here we describe the first pathologies of Plateosaurus using two individuals with pathologies in the chevrons of the tail, from the Upper Triassic of Trossingen, SW Germany. The two specimens each contain three consecutive pathological chevrons. Our results show that the pathologies were caused by external trauma in one individual and potentially tendinous trauma in the other. Healing of the lesions allowed survival of both animals. Using additional pathological specimens found in other collections and from multiple localities, we observe that 14.8% of all individuals of Plateosaurus contain pathologies within their chevrons, suggesting it was a vulnerable bone.
Immunosuppression for adult steroid-dependent or frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wong Zhi Yong , Teo Chiu Yee , Fiona Wong Yan Qi , Ng Ka Ting , Lim Soo Kun
Published: July 2024

Objective

There is limited evidence on which immunosuppressive agents produce the best outcomes for adult patients with steroid-dependent or frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (SDNS/FRNS). This review compares the remission rate and adverse effects of various immunosuppressants used.

Methods

Studies of adult patients with biopsy-proven SDNS/FRNS, administered any immunosuppressive agents and reported complete remission results as one of the clinical outcomes were included. Articles were independently screened by two researchers. ROBINS-I was used for risk of bias assessment. Random-effects model was used for statistical analysis and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results

574 patients across 28 studies were included in the analysis. Patients receiving rituximab have a complete remission rate of 89% (95% CI = 83% to 94%; τ2 = 0.0070; I2 = 62%; overall p < 0.01, low certainty) and adverse event rate of 0.26, cyclosporine (CR 40%; 95% CI = 21% to 59%; τ2 = 0.0205; I2 = 55%; overall p = 0.08, low certainty), tacrolimus (CR 84%; 95% CI = 70% to 98%; τ2 = 0.0060; I2 = 33%; overall p = 0.21, moderate certainty), mycophenolate mofetil (CR 82%; 95% CI = 74% to 90%; τ2 < 0.0001; I2 = 15%; overall p = 0.32, moderate certainty) and cyclophosphamide (CR 79%; 95% CI = 69% to 89%; τ2 = 0; I2 = 0%; overall p = 0.52, moderate certainty).

Conclusion

Among the commonly used immunosuppressive agents, only rituximab has a statistically significant effect in achieving complete remission among patients with SDNS/FRNS and has a relatively good safety profile, but this is limited by low quality of evidence with high degree of heterogeneity causing a lack of statistical power.
Sources of stress, coping strategies and associated factors among Vietnamese first-year medical students
Authors: Nguyen Tan , Pu Christy , Waits Alexander , Tran Tuan D. , Balhara Yatan Pal Singh , Huynh Quynh Thi Vu , Huang Song-Lih
Published: July 2024

Objectives

This study aims to examine the sources of stress among first-year medical students; the frequency of their coping strategies; the factors associated with specific stressors and specific coping strategies adopted by the participants.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study with 409 first-year students at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam. The Vietnamese versions of the Higher Education Stress Inventory (V_HESI) and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (V_Brief COPE) were validated and were used as measurement instruments for participants’ sources of stress and coping strategies frequencies. The survey comprised questions of socioeconomic status, stress-related issues, the six sources of stress (using the V_HESI), and the nine coping strategies (using the V_Brief COPE).

Results

Among the six sources of stress, “Worries about future competence/endurance” had the highest mean score (3.02±0.64), while “Mismatch in professional role expectations” had the lowest score (1.60±0.53). “Financial concerns” and “Academic workloads” were also significant sources of stress. Regarding coping strategies, Self-distraction was most frequently adopted by the participants (2.80 ± 0.68). Problem-solving (2.72±0.53) and seeking Social support (2.62±0.70) were also common adaptive strategies. Avoidance (1.87±0.55) and substance-use (1.27±0.55) were the least frequent strategies. Students who experienced acute stress event were more likely to have financial concerns compared to others. Substance use was positively associated with stressors from “Mismatch in professional role expectations”, “Non-supportive educational environment”, “Having physical issues” and “Having part-time job”. Self-blame was more frequent among students with “Worries about future competence/endurance”, “Financial concerns”, and “Academic workload”. Male student tended to adopt humor strategy (β = 0.19, p = 0.02), while less likely to utilize religious practices (β = -0.21, p = 0.01).

Conclusions

Two-thirds of the participants reported moderate to high levels of stress. “Worries about future competence/endurance” was the most concerned stressor, followed by “Academic workload”, and “Financial concerns”. The first-year medical students reported high frequency of utilization “Self-distraction”, “Problem-solving” and “Social support” when confronting stress. The findings may help inform the school management to better support students’ well-being.
Sexual dysfunction among people with mental illness in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis study
Authors: Fentahun Setegn , Melkam Mamaru , Tadesse Gebresilassie , Rtbey Gidey , Andualem Fantahun , Wassie Yilkal Abebaw , Geremew Gebremariam Wulie , Alemayehu Tekletsadik Tekleslassie , Haile Tewodros Denekew , Godana Tilahun Nega , Mengistie Berihun Agegn , Kelebie Mulualem , Nakie Girum , Tinsae Techilo , Takelle Girmaw Medfu
Published: July 2024

Background

Sexual dysfunction is the most frequent health problem among psychiatric patients. This could be the result of both the nature of the illness itself and the side effects of prescribed psychotropic medications. It also significantly affects an individual’s general well-being, interpersonal relationships, self-esteem, and treatment outcomes. Therefore, the current systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the combined prevalence of sexual dysfunction and its correlated factors among people with mental illness.

Methods

We retrieved eligible primary studies using various search databases like PubMed, EMBASE, Science Direct, African Journal Online, Google Scholar, and Psychiatry Online. The report of this systematic review was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We used standardized data extraction checklists and STATA version 14 for data extraction and analysis, respectively. The I-squared statistics test was used to check statistical heterogeneity within the included articles. Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and the Egger test. To estimate the overall prevalence and correlated factors of sexual dysfunction, a random effects model meta-analysis was employed.

Results

In this meta-analysis, a total of 15 primary studies with 2849 psychiatric patients were included. The overall pooled prevalence of sexual dysfunction among psychiatric patients in Africa was 58.42% (95% CI: 49.55, 67.28). Having older age (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.87), longer duration of illness (OR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.14, 5.93), history of relapse (OR = 3.51, 95% CI: 1.47, 8.43), poor quality of life (OR = 3.89, 95% CI: 2.15, 7.05), and antipsychotic medications (OR = 2.99, 95% CI: 1.84, 4.86) were significantly associated with sexual dysfunction.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis revealed that approximately two-thirds of psychiatric patients in Africa are affected by sexual dysfunction. Therefore, the findings of this study recommend that when evaluating psychiatric patients, health professionals should focus more on sexual dysfunction. It is also essential to promote awareness and incorporate sexual health assessment and intervention into mental health services to reduce the overall burden of the problem.
Digital eternity: The holographic resurrection of music icons
Authors: Matthews Justin , Nairn Angelique
Published: July 2024

Holographic reincarnations blend the allure of the past with the possibilities of modern technology, navigating through ethical quandaries and the redefinition of performance art. Central to this exploration is the fusion of memory and digital perpetuity, pushing the limits of what constitutes a live performance. The holographic rebirth of legends such as Elvis Presley, Amy Winehouse and Whitney Houston sparks debate over the ethics of posthumous consent, the authenticity of such representations and the implications of monetizing the afterlife of artists. This shift towards digital eternity prompts a critical assessment of the moral dimensions involved in resurrecting artists through technology. Exploring the history and development of holography, from historical illusions to contemporary artificial intelligence-enhanced presentations, reveals both the technological achievements and the ethical challenges presented by these endeavours. The drive behind these resurrective projects shines a light on a lucrative industry focused on ‘Delebs’, turning the legacies of deceased celebrities into profitable ventures. Yet the quest to immortalize artists digitally invites scrutiny over potential misuse, privacy breaches and the erosion of the true essence of their legacies. Addressing these complex issues demands a concerted effort from ethicists, legal scholars, technology experts and cultural commentators. The journey into this uncharted domain highlights the necessity of balancing innovation with respect, advocating for a principled approach to honouring those who have passed. The concept of confining artists to a ‘digital purgatory’, where they exist solely for entertainment devoid of self-determination, emphasizes the urgency of establishing ethical guidelines. This digital afterlife, fraught with the risk of diminishing the soul of artistic works to mere commercial assets, calls for a vigilant approach to safeguard the dignity and volition of artists in the realm of digital legacy.
‘Where are we?’: The ghost as interrogative haunting in The Others
Authors: Yeo Dennis
Published: July 2024

The ghost raises fundamental questions of reality, identity and epistemology. The ghost is the shadow image of otherness that threatens our notions of life, humanity and permanence by intimating that if death is permanent and the afterlife eternal, then perhaps it is our present tangible reality that is the simulacrum. The ghost interrogates the quotidian, not vice versa. The fetishization, aesthesizing and ritualizing of death in the Gothic aims consistently to defer the final definitive ending of death and the state of non-existence. As a memento mori, ghosts remind us that our ruminations of death are not morbid, but life-affirming. This article will explore the depiction of the afterlife in The Others () in which the living are simulations of the dead and vice versa. Unlike the typical horror movie, the predominant discourse of The Others is a postmodern interrogation of belief, truth and doctrine. The haunted house is an in-between land of purgatory, a death space of self-loss and separation that plays out in the conflict between religion and the supernatural. The questions with which the films ends – ‘What does all this mean? Where are we?’ – is not just a geographical question, but an ontological one. The interrogation of Biblical narratives causes the audience to evaluate the reliability of the discourse of established religion and its doctrine of the afterlife. By defying audience expectations of the generic conventions of the ghost story, the movie relies on the viewer’s faith that what we see on-screen is real, when this cinematic reality is as deceptive as seeing dead people artificially propped up to appear alive. Suspended between being and nothingness, both absent and present, the ghost is a metaphor for the simulacrum of film. The cinematic thus serves as the Other by which the real can be defined.
Disinformation and political propaganda: An exploration of the risks of artificial intelligence
Authors: Islas-Carmona José Octavio , Gutiérrez-Cortés Fernando Ignacio , Arribas-Urrutia Amaia
Published: July 2024

A significant shift is currently underway in the disinformation industry. We are transitioning from the era of disinformation fuelled by fake news and social media to disinformation on a larger scale generated through artificial intelligence (AI). Therefore, the objective of this text is to analyse this disinformation phenomenon, catalysed by social media and AI, from the media ecology perspective. This work is divided into two parts. In the first part of the text, we analyse the disinformation phenomenon, highlighting the involvement of certain governments. In the second part of the text, we focus on recognizing the effects that can arise from the use of AI within the extensive landscape of the disinformation industry.
Introduction: Youth cultures in Nordic cinema
Authors: Lysne Anders , Christensen Christa Lykke
Published: July 2024

Youth cultures have had a ubiquitous presence on Nordic screens for more than seven decades and are currently experiencing a surge in visibility across streaming platforms. However, studies pertaining to the production, representation and reception of youth film in Nordic cinema have been scarce. This introduction to the In Focus section ‘Youth cultures in Nordic cinema’ provides background and context for the section and presents its four contributing articles.
‘Don’t smile – as soon as you’re happy, life will hit back at you at the next turn’: Young people, neo-liberalism and the culture of cruelty in Headfirst
Authors: Römpötti Tommi
Published: July 2024

This article considers the Finnish drama comedy Päin seinää (Headfirst) (2014) as a work of neo-liberal pedagogy that represents human waste management and the culture of cruelty as normal and routine, denying marginalized young people the possibility of a better future.
‘I am in love, I am in love, I am in looove!’: The visual economy of the Indo-Swiss-film–tourism complex around 20001
Authors: Schneider Alexandra
Published: July 2024

In the wake of such blockbuster films as Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (DDLJ) film-related travel from India has become an important economic factor in the tourist industry in Switzerland, to the point where the luxury suite in one of the most prestigious five-star hotels in the country is now dedicated to the style and memory of pioneer producer Yash Chopra. Tracing the romance between commercial Hindi cinema and Switzerland from the 1980s to 1990s onwards, the Chopra suite in the Viktoria Jungfrau hotel in Interlaken can also be read as an indicator of an important cultural constellation: a composite style in visual and design culture.
Bombay cinema’s mapping impulse: Location, suspense and atmosphere
Authors: Mazumdar Ranjani
Published: July 2024

This article examines the use of locations in a cross-section of contemporary Bombay films. The complicated workings of various kinds of production infrastructures typically shape cinema’s topographical motivations and sense of scale. Through a comparative analysis of films shot in and around Bombay with a film shot in a location outside India, I establish how the aesthetic drives of vertical, horizontal and atmospheric urbanism have generated a cartographic diversity in the cinematic imagination of contemporary India. The focus is on suspense films and their creative use of location shooting to invoke physical and psychological expressions of space. These are small-budget films where scale and navigational possibilities are managed carefully. In Anurag Kashyap’s Ugly (2013), the hunt for a kidnapped child unveils a gritty urban terrain and the failed dreams of its damaged protagonists. Vikramaditya Motwane’s Trapped (2016) showcases the slow breakdown of a man who inadvertently gets locked into an apartment on the 35th floor of an empty, half-constructed, high-rise building with no electricity, food or water. Unlike Ugly and Trapped, which speak to Bombay’s constant play with feelings of desperation and survival, Badla (2019) transports us to the cold, wintry landscape of Scotland to create an atmosphere for a psychological exposition of crime and revenge.
Migration, Mobility and Sojourning in Cross-cultural Films: Interculturing Cinema, Ishani Mukherjee and Maggie Griffith Williams (2021)
Authors: Sathe Namrata Rele
Published: July 2024

Review of: Migration, Mobility and Sojourning in Cross-cultural Films: Interculturing Cinema, Ishani Mukherjee and Maggie Griffith Williams (2021)

Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 166 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-49858-768-6, h/bk, $105
Sirens of Modernity: World Cinema via Bombay, Samhita Sunya (2022)
Authors: Chakrabarti Pritha
Published: July 2024

Review of: Sirens of Modernity: World Cinema via Bombay, Samhita Sunya (2022)

Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 270 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-52037-953-4, p/bk, $34.95
Incidencia de los rellenos controlados en la conservación de los edificios Inca en Cusco
Authors: Ccama Condori Hugo Anselmo , Abarca Ancori Amparo
Published: July 2024

A nivel mundial, Asentamientos Humanos emplazados en laderas o explanadas, fácilmente son devastados por diversos factores adversos. Sin embargo, edificios del periodo Inca, en Cusco - Perú, se conservan en pie por más de cinco siglos. ¿qué hicieron los Inca para la conservación perenne de sus edificios? Existe un vacío de conocimiento. Por este motivo, se busca evaluar los Rellenos Controlados Inca (RCI), y su incidencia, en la conservación de los edificios en Machupicchu, Pisaq y Saqsaywaman. El estudio analiza los suelos de fundación. Se utilizó equipos no invasivos, (Martillo de Shmith-MSh y Penetrómetro Dinámico Ligero-DPL); para caracterizar los RCI y la competencia geotécnica. Los resultados muestran que, los edificios están emplazadas en geología de roca dura; sobre la cual se construyó artificialmente los RCI; los parámetros geotécnicos encontrados son competentes. Probablemente los Inca, eligieron suelos de fundación competentes y los mejoraron con RCI, para controlar la interacción suelo – cimiento – edificio.
Ecofeminist Kitchens: Reimagining Professional Kitchens as Spaces of Sustainable Foodwork
Authors: Wylie Adele
Published: July 2024

Professional kitchens are both producers and consumers of food and many operate through unsustainable practices which have significant social and ecological impacts. Socially, they are spaces of low paid, high-pressured work, where gendered occupational discrimination is common. Ecologically, food production in these spaces contributes significantly to the demand for unethical meat production and the commodification of nature globally. The main aim of this article is to reimagine professional kitchens as spaces of sustainable and equitable foodwork. To this end, this research combines an empirical analysis of the relation between gender, power, and sustainability in professional kitchens in Glasgow with a theoretical examination of ecofeminist scholarship. In Glasgow, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with both male and female head chefs on the everyday (un)sustainable practices and norms of professional chefs and the ways they intertwine with gender. This research found that kitchens are organised in ways that normalize toxic masculinity, disempower women, and seriously harm non-human others. Furthermore, the absence of ecological literacy in professional kitchens is shown to be a significant driver of unsustainable behaviours. Drawing on ecofeminist scholarship, this article goes on to envision what changes are needed for a sustainable and equitable transformation in professional kitchens. Based on this theoretical engagement, I argue that transforming professional kitchens requires a redistribution of power across genders to eradicate sexist hierarchies. Furthermore, there is a need to decenter economic profit to make space for an ethic of compassion which fulfils our moral obligations to both human and non-human others.
La ética del cuidado en el Parlamento español: análisis del uso del término cuidados en el discurso parlamentario
Authors: De Luis-Rosell Sonia , Perales-García Cristina , Medina-Bravo Pilar
Published: July 2024

En las sociedades occidentales la división sexual del trabajo resultante del sistema patriarcal y capitalista dejó los cuidados a cargo de las mujeres. En las últimas décadas el movimiento feminista ha reivindicado el valor de los cuidados y ha denunciado su relegación al ámbito privado. Investigar cómo se posicionan las formaciones políticas respecto a los cuidados en el debate parlamentario español del primer semestre de la XIV legislatura (diciembre de 2019 a junio de 2020), que comprende la primera ola de la pandemia de la COVID-19, permite analizar cómo su discurso fomenta el reconocimiento del valor de los cuidados y el avance en políticas que permitan mejoras en este ámbito. Para el presente estudio se han seleccionado las formaciones de izquierdas de la cámara –que tradicionalmente se han alineado con los avances feministas– con el objetivo de analizar el uso del término cuidados que hacen en el debate parlamentario español. La metodología combina un análisis cuantitativo del conjunto de discursos de las sesiones plenarias del periodo estudiado, que ha permitido recoger una muestra de 114 intervenciones con 202 ocurrencias del término cuidados, con un análisis cualitativo basado en el análisis crítico del discurso. Los resultados permiten comprobar que el uso del término se concentra en los puntos del debate sobre COVID-19, economía, empleo, salarios y pensiones, y violencia de género y abuso sexual, y que se emplea, sobre todo, para reivindicar la importancia de los cuidados, agradecer a las personas cuidadoras y denunciar la feminización de los cuidados, lo que por el momento no activa la fuerza política del término ni conduce a una acción transformadora.
Los proyectos de educación técnica que confluyeron en la Argentina peronista (1871-1944)
Authors: Koc Muñoz Álvaro Sebastián
Published: July 2024

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo reconstruir y sistematizar el acervo de ideas que constituyeron el antecedente de la reorganización de la educación técnica durante el peronismo, haciendo especial énfasis en los aportes del diputado socialista Américo Ghioldi. Cabe resaltar que, si bien existen algunos estudios en torno a esta temática, los mismos no dan cuenta de los proyectos presentados por ese legislador. Para llevar adelante esta tarea, se realizará un breve recorrido histórico del desarrollo de la señalada modalidad educativa y de las diferentes ofertas existentes -tanto estatales como paraestatales- entre fines del siglo XIX y 1944, año en el cual es creada la Comisión Nacional de Aprendizaje y Orientación Profesional en el marco de la Secretaría de Trabajo y Previsión dirigida por el entonces coronel Juan Domingo Perón. En este sentido, se presentarán los diferentes proyectos realizados por distintos actores interesados en la reorganización de la educación técnica previos al peronismo, entre los que se destacan los partidarios de una educación profesional al interior de las fábricas y aquellos que abogaban por una educación técnica en establecimientos educativos. Finalmente, se expondrá la posición política del legislador socialista Américo Ghioldi quien, a través de dos proyectos de ley presentados en 1941 y 1942, supo sintetizar y conciliar las distintas propuestas en pugna en torno a cómo reorganizar la señalada modalidad educativa durante la primera mitad de los años 40’ en Argentina. Esta investigación se inscribe dentro de la metodología cualitativa y las técnicas de investigación utilizadas son la observación documental y el análisis de contenido de fuentes documentales tanto primarias como secundarias.
Iglesia vasca y la memoria de la guerra civil (1936-1960)
Authors: Martínez Rueda Fernando
Published: July 2024

La guerra civil española tuvo en el País Vasco características singulares. El principal rasgo distintivo residió en el elemento religioso, ya que en el País Vasco la guerra civil fue también una guerra entre católicos que generó una profunda fractura en la Iglesia local. Acabada la guerra, la Iglesia vasca se convirtió en una Iglesia de vencedores y vencidos. En las décadas de posguerra ambos sectores continuaron enfrentándose, ahora por el relato y por la memoria de la guerra civil. Este artículo examina ese combate mnemónico, mediante el análisis de diversa documentación: el Boletín Oficial del Obispado, la literatura de eclesiásticos franquistas sobre la guerra civil en el País Vasco, las numerosas publicaciones de religiosos vascos del exilio, la prensa católica clandestina del interior, etc. Nuestro punto de partida es el análisis de la singular experiencia bélica de la Iglesia vasca. Después examinamos los relatos que la Iglesia vencedora y la Iglesia vencida elaboraron sobre aquel pasado traumático y la manera en que transmitieron su memoria del conflicto. Nuestra conclusión es que una parte importante de la Iglesia vasca tempranamente impugnó la memoria oficial de la guerra civil. Como consecuencia de ello, el principal soporte ideológico y legitimador sobre el que se asentó el régimen franquista —la memoria de la victoria en una supuesta guerra santa— adoleció en el País Vasco de una enorme debilidad desde los primeros años del régimen. El artículo concluye que a inicios de la década de los sesenta ese combate mnemónico en el seno de la Iglesia vasca se había resuelto a favor de la memoria alternativa de la Iglesia vasca vencida.
El noble médico, el médico noble. Ennoblecimientos, recompensas honoríficas y poder político para médicos en España, Francia y Reino Unido (c. 1800-c. 1880)
Authors: Pierre Arnaud
Published: July 2024

Este artículo cruza la Historia política de las elites y del poder con la Historia de las profesiones para analizar en una perspectiva comparada (España, Francia y Reino Unido) la cuestión del estatus social de los médicos en la Europa liberal decimonónica. Se trata de demostrar que el prestigio social alcanzado por los médicos les valía una consideración suficiente para estar contado dentro de las elites de las sociedades liberales. Pero esta condición de elite era marginal, esencialmente local y muy por debajo de lo que el conjunto de la profesión esperaba. Mientras los regímenes liberales fueron censitarios, con una participación política fundada en la propiedad o la condición de funcionario, los únicos médicos que obtuvieron títulos nobiliarios u otras recompensas honorificas fueron médicos integrados a la administración pública o médicos de Corte.
Masculinidad, género y poder de las élites técnicas en el franquismo. La construcción del poder sociopolítico de los ingenieros de presas españoles en un contexto internacional
Authors: Brendel Benjamin
Published: July 2024

La España de Franco se basaba en un régimen de profunda desigualdad social. Centrándose en ellos ingenieros – constructores de presas españoles, este artículo aspira a mostrar cómo una élite técnica que formaba parte del núcleo del régimen estableció y mantuvo esta estructura de poder en un contexto internacional y cómo el Gobierno se benefició de esta configuración. El texto pone en evidencia cómo el habitus de los ingenieros fue clave para su posición social y qué papel desempeñaron los contactos internacionales en ello. Asimismo, explica cómo esta élite reclamó un papel político y social particular, escenificando su masculinidad y usando un lenguaje de éxito cargado de nociones de poder. Esta estrategia fue exitosa, hasta el punto de que Franco mismo se empezó a presentar públicamente como ingeniero a partir de los 1960, lo que ayudó al régimen español fortalecerse trasladando el énfasis en su discurso legitimador de lo militar hacia unas formas de legitimación más “civiles”.
Las mujeres en la prensa de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX: redes de colaboración
Authors: Pecharroman de la Cruz Carolina
Published: July 2024

Las características específicas del ejercicio del periodismo en el siglo XIX hicieron que la construcción de su profesionalización presentase elementos diferenciadores respecto a otras profesiones como la abogacía, la medicina o la ingeniería. La ausencia de una formación reglada que diese acceso a la profesión, sus componentes cercanos a la literatura y la política o el carácter público de la actividad y su resultado –como presencia física en los lugares donde se genera la información y como opinión publicada- fueron factores que influyeron también en el modo cómo las mujeres pudieron entrar en este ámbito. El presente artículo analiza en un contexto transnacional la situación en la que se tuvieron que desenvolver esas mujeres que en el siglo XIX comenzaron a publicar su producción escrita en España. Se estudian las estrategias que utilizaron para permanecer en el medio, entre las que cabe destacar el establecimiento de redes de cooperación entre las propias periodistas. Asimismo, se contempla el efecto de la progresiva llegada de algunas de ellas a puestos de responsabilidad en las llamadas “revistas femeninas” y la participación de mujeres periodistas en ámbitos teóricamente reservados a los varones, como determinados tipos de temáticas o publicaciones.
GARTON ASH, Timothy, Europa. Una historia personal. Madrid, Taurus, 2023, 496 pp.
Authors: Magaldi Fernández Adrian
Published: July 2024

Reseña del libro: Garton Ash, Timothy, Europa. Una historia personal. Madrid, Taurus, 2023, 496 pp. ISBN: 978-84-30624-64-5.
BARRIENTOS MÁRQUEZ, María del Mar y LOZANO SALADO, Lola (eds.). Revolución y Diplomacia: el Trienio Liberal y América. Santiago de Chile, Ariadna, 2023, 166 pp.
Authors: Marchena-Domínguez José
Published: July 2024

Reseña del libro: Barrientos Márquez, María del Mar y Lozano Salado, Lola (eds.). Revolución y Diplomacia: el Trienio Liberal y América. Santiago de Chile, Ariadna, 2023, 166 pp. ISBN: 978-95-66095-92-7.
VINYES, Ricard, Crítica de la razón compasiva. Reconstrucción, transmisión y poder en la memoria del pasado. Barcelona, Icaria, 2023, 218 pp.
Authors: López Gual Miquel
Published: July 2024

Reseña del libro: Vinyes, Ricard, Crítica de la razón compasiva. Reconstrucción, transmisión y poder en la memoria del pasado. Barcelona, Icaria, 2023, 218 pp. ISBN: 978-84-19200-86-0.
An Analysis of Linguistic Resources for Sports Tourism Media Discourse: A Case Study of the Women’s World Cup Final in Sydney
Authors: Blanco-Gómez María Luisa , Gómez-Ortiz María-José
Published: July 2024

Sports have historically played a significant role in influencing travel, the twenty-first century witnessing a notable surge in sports tourism attributed largely to increasing globalisation and the pervasive influence of social media. International sports events hosted by countries and cities serve as potent platforms for tourist promotion, with meticulous attention to detail often reflected across various social media channels. Notably, recent editions of such events have seen women taking on crucial roles. This paper delves into the FIFA Women’s World Cup Final held in Sydney, Australia, in August 2023, analysing three distinct corpora to discern linguistic resources—the use of persuasion with personal pronouns and imperatives, among others—shaping tourism media discourse, specifically focusing on gender visibility and promotion of destination excellence. To conduct this research, we compiled a corpus of 11,549 words comprising webpages, online publications and tourism blogs, using AntConc software for the analysis. Our findings reveal that the media employ specific language choices to portray the event and its host city, projecting values such as teamwork and inclusion, often through community engagement. However, there exists an under-representation of coverage concerning sportswomen, with minimal linguistic patterns used to promote their visibility beyond the event’s title. Conversely, the host city receives extensive promotion. Consequently, this analysis serves as a pertinent case study contributing to the understanding of sports tourism media discourse representation.
Hydroponic effluent as an alternative Fertilizer in Bell Pepper Production
Authors: Rios Jhony Anderson Alvarenga , Ramirez Daisy , Bernal Gini Ernesto José , Rios Valiente Lucia Simeona , Da Silva Glacy Jaqueline , Giombelli Letícia Fernanda
Published: July 2024

As hydroponic systems expand and generate effluents, research has increasingly focused on their management due to potential environmental impacts. This study examined the effectiveness of using hydroponic effluents as fertilizer in bell pepper cultivation. The chemical composition of the effluents was analyzed and compared against water quality standards set by Resolution No. 222/02 of SEAM. The study employed two application methods (foliar and root) and three concentrations (0%, 50%, 100%) of effluents. A randomized complete block design was used to evaluate plant height, fruit number, and yield. Results showed that a 50% foliar application significantly increased plant height compared to the 100% concentration, with no significant differences in fruit number and yield. For root application, no significant differences were observed across the variables at different concentrations, although the best performance was noted at 50%. Comparative analysis between application methods revealed that root application resulted in taller plants but lower productivity. The study concludes that using hydroponic effluents as fertilizers affects bell pepper productivity, with a 50% concentration being most effective regardless of the application method.
Land Use in the Southern Cone in the Colonial Period
Authors: Gascón Margarita
Published: July 2024

El capítulo analiza los principales cambios en el uso del suelo en el extremo sur de Hispanoamérica desde finales del siglo XVII. El proceso de ocupación del espacio colonial por parte de España tuvo un impacto demográfico que acompañó al establecimiento de los nuevos cultivos, de la expansión de la cría de especies de animales foráneas al continente y de la implementación de varias formas de producción basada mayormente en la extracción de los recursos naurales. En su conjunto, el proceso colonial afectó a los entornos naturales del sur de Hispanoamérica de múltiples maneras. Junto a severos cambios poblacionales, los europeos introdujeron cambios en los ambientes naturales que serían no solamente profundos y decisivos en su momento, sino que también serían cambios acumulativos e irreversibles. Esos cambios en el uso del suelo colonial, por lo tanto, sentaron las bases para procesos de larga duración con efectos que actualmente son una parte importante de las consideraciones a que da lugar el concepto de Antropoceno.
Land Use in Mesoamerica in the Colonial Period
Authors: Barrera-Bassols Narciso , Barrera de la Torre Gerónimo
Published: July 2024

In this chapter, Narciso Barrera-Bassols and Gerónimo Barrera explore the significant impacts and changes in land use that resulted from colonial projects in the Mesoamerican region during the colonial period. The chapter examines these projects as new ways of interacting with and understanding the environment, which led to significant changes throughout the region's landscape in the rise of the Capitalocene. It delves into various factors and actors, focusing on the establishment of property rights, new settlement patterns, and labor practices, as well as the development of an extractive spatial structure that had lasting and uneven effects on the environment and inhabitants.
Land Use in the Amazon from 1950 to the Present
Authors: Lopez Santiago
Published: July 2024

Using the Anthropocene as an analytical framework this chapter attempts to debunk notions of contemporary devastation of Amazonia and the decline of its pristine forests due to recent human entrepreneurship. Here, Santiago Lopez examines contemporary landscape changes in the Amazon region through its land use and land cover (LULC) dimension acknowledging that human-modified ecosystems and landscapes currently dominate the Earth and have resulted from centuries, even millennia, of human interventions. Amazonia is not an exception to this global pattern.
“ideologia de gênero”: uma estratégia política reacionária
Authors: Andreata Sesquim Ilda Renata
Published: July 2024

Este presente artigo visa explorar o processo de construção do conceito de “ideologia de gênero” que nos últimos anos tem sido alvo de uma série de debates na sociedade civil e nas instâncias legislativas. Por meio da análise da influência das forças religiosas e conservadoras no seu processo de elaboração, buscaremos mostrar como este conceito foi moldado a partir de uma resposta reacionária aos avanços conquistados pelas lutas femininas e pela difusão das perspectivas de gênero. Para este fim, faremos uma contextualização histórica das lutas de gênero, de modo a apontar os principais debates que as acompanharam. Posteriormente exploraremos como a “ideologia de gênero”, ao incutir na sociedade civil uma espécie de pânico moral, foi estrategicamente apropriada pelo jogo político e passou a funcionar como um emblema central do avanço do conservadorismo no Brasil.