bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Next-Generation Sequencing in Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Cancer Patients: Mutation Profile and Disease Aggressiveness
Authors: Shirali Aditya S , Hu Mimi I , Chiang Yi-Ju , Graham Paul H , Fisher Sarah B , Sosa Julie Ann , Perrier Nancy , Brown Spandana , Holla Vijaykumar R , Dadu Ramona , Busaidy Naifa , Sherman Steven I , Cabanillas Maria , Waguespack Steven G , Zafereo Mark E , Grubbs Elizabeth G
Published: April 2024

Context

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (sMTC) has led to increased detection of somatic mutations, including RET M918T, which has been considered a negative prognostic indicator.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the association between clinicopathologic behavior and somatic mutation identified on clinically motivated NGS.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, patients with sMTC who underwent NGS to identify somatic mutations for treatment planning were identified. Clinicopathologic factors, time to distant metastatic disease (DMD), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS) were compared between somatic mutations.

Results

Somatic mutations were identified in 191 sMTC tumors, including RET M918T (53.4%), other RET codons (10.5%), RAS (18.3%), somatic RET indels (8.9%), and RET/RAS wild-type (WT) status (8.9%). The median age at diagnosis was 50 years (range, 11-83); 46.1% were female. When comparing patients with RET M918T, RET-Other, and RET WT (which included RAS and RET/RAS WT), there were no differences in sex, TNM category, systemic therapy use, time to DMD, DSS, or OS. On multivariate analysis, older age at diagnosis (HR 1.05, P < .001; HR 1.06, P< .001) and M1 stage at diagnosis (HR 3.17, P = .001; HR 2.98, P = .001) were associated with decreased DSS and OS, respectively, but mutation cohort was not. When comparing RET M918T to RET indels there was no significant difference in time to DMD, DSS, or OS between the groups.

Conclusion

Somatic RET mutations do not portend compromised DSS or OS in a cohort of sMTC patients who underwent clinically motivated NGS.
Impact of Race on Outcomes in the Endovascular and Microsurgical Treatment in Patients With Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Matsukawa Hidetoshi , Uchida Kazutaka , Sowlat Mohammad-Mahdi , Elawady Sameh Samir , Cunningham Conor , Alawieh Ali , Al Kasab Sami , Jabbour Pascal , Mascitelli Justin , Levitt Michael R. , Cuellar Hugo , Brinjikji Waleed , Samaniego Edgar , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Kan Peter , Fox W. Christopher , Moss Mark , Ezzeldin Mohamad , Grandhi Ramesh , Altschul David J. , Spiotta Alejandro M , Yoshimura Shinichi
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The impact of race on outcomes in the treatment of intracranial aneurysm (IA) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between race classified into White, Black, Hispanic, and other and treatment outcomes in patients with ruptured and unruptured IAs.

METHODS:

The study population consisted of 2836 patients with IA with endovascular treatment or microsurgical treatment (MST) from 16 centers in the United States and Asia, all participating in the observational “STAR” registry. The primary outcome was a 90-day modified Rankin Scale of 0 to 2. Secondary outcomes included periprocedural cerebral infarction and intracranial hemorrhage, perioperative symptomatic cerebral vasospasm in ruptured IA and mortality, and all causes of mortality within 90 days.

RESULTS:

One thousand fifty-three patients were White (37.1%), 350 were Black (12.3%), 264 were Hispanic (9.3%), and 1169 were other (41.2%). Compared with White patients, Hispanic patients had a significantly lower proportion of primary outcome (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.36, 95% CI, 0.23-0.56) and higher proportion of the periprocedural cerebral infarction, perioperative mortality, and all causes of mortality (aOR 2.53, 95% CI, 1.40-4.58, aOR 1.84, 95% CI, 1.00-3.38, aOR 1.83, 95% CI, 1.06-3.17, respectively). Outcomes were not significantly different in Black and other patients. The subgroup analysis showed that Hispanic patients with age ≥65 years (aOR 0.19, 95% CI, 0.10-0.38, interaction P = .048), Hunt-Hess grades 0 to 3 (aOR 0.29, 95% CI, 0.19-0.46, interaction P = .03), and MST (aOR 0.24, 95% CI, 0.13-0.44, interaction P = .04) had a significantly low proportion of primary outcome.

CONCLUSION:

This study demonstrates that Hispanic patients with IA are more likely to have a poor outcome at 90 days after endovascular treatment or MST than White patients. Physicians have to pay attention to the selection of treatment modalities, especially for Hispanic patients with specific factors to reduce racial discrepancies.
Surgical Anatomy and Technique of Peri-Insular Hemispherotomy in Pediatric Epilepsy
Authors: Cicutti Santiago E. , Cuello Javier F. , Villamil Facundo , Gromadzyn Guido P. , Bartuluchi Marcelo
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Hemispherotomy is a highly complex procedure that demands a steep learning curve. An incomplete brain disconnection often results in failure of seizure control. The purpose of this article was to present a step-by-step guide to the surgical anatomy of this procedure. It is composed of a 7-stage approach, enhancing access to and improving visualization of deep structures.

METHODS:

A retrospective analysis of 39 pediatric patients with refractory epilepsy who underwent this technique was conducted. Engel scores were assessed 1 year postsurgery. Cadaveric dissections were performed to illustrate the procedure.

RESULTS:

Between 2015 and 2022, 39 patients were surgically treated using the peri-insular technique. The technique involved 7 stages: patient positioning, operative approach, opercular resection, transventricular callosotomy, fronto-orbital disconnection, anterior temporal disconnection, and posterior temporal disconnection. Most of the patients (92.30%) were seizure-free (Engel class I) at 1 year postoperative, 5.13% were nearly seizure-free (Engel II), and 2.56% showed significant improvement (Engel III). Complications occurred in 8% of cases, including 1 infection, 2 cases of aseptic meningitis, and 1 non–shunt-requiring acute hydrocephalus.

CONCLUSION:

The peri-insular hemispherotomy technique offers excellent seizure control with a low complication rate. Our visual documentation of surgical anatomy, complemented by detailed descriptions of surgical nuances, significantly contributes to a comprehensive understanding of this technique.
The role of RNA in synapse physiology and neurodegeneration in models of Parkinson´s disease
Authors: Ξυλάκη Μαρία
Published: April 2024

Η συναπτική δυσλειτουργία είναι μια πρώιμη αλλαγή σε πολλαπλές νευροεκφυλιστικές διαταραχές. Η νόσος του Πάρκινσον (ΝΠ) χαρακτηρίζεται από τη συσσώρευση α-συνουκλεΐνης (ασυν) σε παθολογικά συσσωματώματα γνωστά ως σώματα Lewy και νευρίτες Lewy. Η ασυν εμπλέκεται στη διακίνηση συναπτικών κυστιδίων και στο σχηματισμό συμπλόκου SNARE στις νευρικές απολίξεις. Σε παθολογικές καταστάσεις, σχετίζεται με αλλοιώσεις της συναπτικής λειτουργίας. Είναι ενδιαφέρον ότι η ασυν εμφανίζεται επίσης στον πυρήνα όπου προκαλεί επιγενετικές αλλαγές. Οι διαδικασίες που διαμεσολαβούνται από RNA συμβάλλουν στη συναπτική αναδιαμόρφωση με τη μετατόπιση του RNA στο συναπτικό διαμέρισμα. Αυτό είναι ιδιαίτερα σημαντικό για τα microRNA (miRNAs) που μπορούν να ρυθμίσουν την έκφραση του mRNA με συμπληρωματική δέσμευση. Στην παρούσα εργασία, προσπαθήσαμε να εντοπίσουμε τα miRNAs που σχετίζονται με συναπτικές διεργασίες που μπορεί να συμβάλλουν στον εκφυλισμό των συνάψεων. Πραγματοποιήσαμε μικρή αλληλουχία RNA του μεσεγκεφάλου διαγονιδιακών μυών ηλικίας 6 μηνών που εκφράζουν τη μεταλλαγμένη ασυν A30P, που οδηγεί σε οικογενείς μορφές ΝΠ. Ο λειτουργικός προσδιορισμός γονιδιακής οντολογίας (GO) και η ανάλυση μονοπατιών διαφορετικά εκφραζόμενων γονιδίων και miRNAs έδειξε αρκετές απορυθμισμένες βιολογικές διεργασίες που συνδέονται με το συναπτικό διαμέρισμα. Μια αρνητική συσχέτιση μεταξύ απορυθμισμένων miRNAs και γονιδιακών στόχων ανέδειξε τα κορυφαία αλληλεπιδρώντα miRNA και προσδιόρισε το miR-101a-3p ως σημαντικό ρυθμιστή της συναπτικής πλαστικότητας. Το MiR-101a-3p επιβεβαιώθηκε με qPCR στον μεσεγκέφαλο διαγονιδιακών μυών και στον φλοιό ασθενών με άνοια με σωμάτια Lewy. Η συνεστιακή απεικόνιση των πρωτογενών νευρώνων του φλοιού που υπερεκφράζουν το miR-101a-3p έδειξε μειωμένο δενδριτικό μήκος και αλλοιωμένη μορφολογία των δενδριτικών ακανθών. Περαιτέρω συσχέτιση με τη συναπτική πλαστικότητα δόθηκε από μύεσ άγριου τύπου μετά απο έκθεση σε εμπλουτισμένο περιβάλλον παρουσιάζοντας μειωμένα επίπεδα miR-101a-3p. Τέλος, η έκθεση των πρωτογενών νευρώνων του φλοιού σε ανασυνδυασμένες μορφές ασυν έδειξε άμεση επίδραση της ασυν στα επίπεδα του miR-101a-3p. Τα δεδομένα μας υποστηρίζουν τον αναδυόμενο ρόλο συγκεκριμένων miRNA ως βασικών ρυθμιστών των αλλοιώσεων της γονιδιακής έκφρασης που σχετίζονται με την ασυν. Η αναγνώριση διαδικασιών που βασίζονται στο RNA και οδηγούν σε συναπτική αλλοίωση μπορεί να αποκαλύψει νέους στόχους για θεραπευτική παρέμβαση σε συνουκλεινοπάθειες και να οδηγήσει στην ανάπτυξη νέων βιοδεικτών.
Effects of modified twin block appliance in growing Class II high angle cases: A cephalometric study
Authors: Jha Kanistika , Adhikari Manoj
Published: April 2024

Background Class II malocclusions represent anteroposterior dysplasia usually resulting from mandibular retrusion. Along with a retropositioned mandible, it can be associated with either upward or backward jaw rotation. High angle cases are often associated with a short ramal height, steeper mandibular plane, and large gonial angle. Twin block is a commonly used myofunctional appliance that incorporates bite planes that direct the occlusal forces in a more favorable direction for correction of the retrognathic mandible. We aimed to evaluate skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes following modified twin block appliance therapy in high-angle cases. Methods A cephalometric study was performed on 15 growing (10-14 years) high angle (Frankfort mandibular angle 28-35°) Class II Division I malocclusion patients undergoing twin block therapy. Skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes were evaluated by cephalometric analysis using Dolphin software. Results Pre- and post-treatment changes in cephalograms were assessed by analysis of variance and paired t-test. Significant changes in the position of the mandible (angle between Sella-Nasion-Point B [SNB] increased by 3.9 degrees, P=0.02), Wits appraisal (decreased by 1.54 mm, P=0.04), maxillo-mandibular relationship (angle between Point A-Nasion-Point B [ANB] decreased by 3.74 degrees, P=0.02) were observed. Soft tissue changes like the nasolabial angle were also significant, increasing by 3.8 degrees (P=0.04) and lower lip relation to E-line (reduction in lower lip protrusion) by 2 mm (P=0.04). Vertical parameters showed non-significant changes, like the Frankfort mandibular angle (FMA) increased by 0.07 degrees, (P=0.67), the angle between Sella-Nasion and Gonion-Gnathion (SN-Go-Gn) increased by 0.33 degrees, (P=0.67), Y-axis increased by 0.2 degrees, (P=0.32). The upper incisor inclination decreased non-significantly from 115.27±1.33 to 113.42±1.65 degrees, (P=0.12) and lower incisor increased non-significantly from 100.13±2.23 to 101.80 ±1.37 degrees, (P=0.08). Conclusions Modified twin block appliance can be used to successfully treat Class II Division I high angle cases with good vertical control.
A review of common methods used in the analysis of human microbiome sequencing data
Authors: Hannan Patrick , Nicol Mark , Lesosky Maia
Published: April 2024

The past two decades have seen a rapid rise in the development and use of sequencing technologies. The advent of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) has allowed scientists sequence the genomic content of entire microbial communities rapidly and affordably. Methods for data management, visualization, and analysis of this microbiome sequencing data are now widespread in open and closed source software tools. In this review, we identify common analysis methods used in microbiome sequencing studies, including methods for normalisation of abundance table data, visualization of high-dimensional microbiome data and the analysis of longitudinal microbiome sequencing data. In particular we find that a very small proportion of metagenomic studies made use of compositional data analysis methods and none that made use of compositional methods for longitudinal microbiome data.
Bruco: a video game to learn the periodic table
Authors: Vadivel Dhanalakshmi , Branciforti Diego Savio , Dondi Daniele
Published: April 2024

Background: Elements symbols, groups, periods, and other periodic table-related topics are of fundamental importance in science, but it can be a bit of a taxing subject to learn at times. By combining video games with teaching, the topic could be turned into fun.

Methods: In this regard we decided to write a program under the basis of the universally known game snake, called periodic caterpillar (in Italian called BRUCO). The gameplay is intended to help students cooperate. In this purpose, we also designed a joystick interface which is more comfortable for primary-grade students.

Use case: Teaching in the classroom by game-based learning is the major usage of this research. We present the usage of this game in two different ways. One student/person play alone to understand their own proficiency with a periodic table. Another one is a group of students/people who can participate and play to exhibit their interpersonal skills.

Conclusions: Bruco could prove highly useful for teaching chemistry to school students in a cooperative way. It may also be useful as a refreshment in a research laboratory-like environment and in the classroom.
Effect of radiotherapy on microhardness and surface morphology of pretreated primary teeth with silver diamine fluoride: an in vitro study
Authors: Das Simran , Thosar Nilima , Luharia Anurag , Mohanty Swaroop Narayan , Malviya Nishi , Ragit Rutuja
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Children with head and neck cancer undergo radiation therapy, which has proved to be a successful treatment option. One of the common side effect of radiation therapy has been radiation induced caries. This is not as a result of the decreased salivary flow, but rather as a result of the direct impacts of these harmful rays on the enamel of the teeth. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is an effective remineralising agent for initial carious lesions and prevents demineralisation of the already deep carious agent. Various studies have also proved its effectiveness in improving the microhardness of the teeth. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether radiotherapy causes changes in the microhardness and surface morphology of enamel in primary teeth pretreated with SDF.

Method: 22 primary teeth samples were divided into two groups with 11 samples in each group. The study group samples were pretreated with SDF and in the control group no pretreatment was done. Both groups were subjected to radiotherapy of 60 Gy radiation for a duration of 30 days. The samples were tested using the Vickers microhardness test and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis for surface morphological changes post radiotherapy.

Results: It was found that there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) in mean microhardness values between the two groups. The mean microhardness of the SDF group (254.07 ± 35.84) was significantly higher that the control group (88.18 ± 6.79). SEM image of enamel of control teeth displayed loss of smooth homogeneous surface and more amorphous structures were seen which was very evident in comparison to the SDF group.

Conclusion: Following radiation therapy, SDF application led to greater microhardness of the enamel surface and less morphological alteration in the surface enamel of primary teeth.
A cross-sectional study: Is there sex differences in food acceptance, serum albumin, and nutritional status among residents of social shelters in Surabaya, Indonesia?
Authors: Mahmudiono Trias , Mahmudah Mahmudah , Indriani Diah , Abihail Chrysoprase Thasya , Sahila Nur , Widiatmoko Dono
Published: April 2024

Background The conceptual framework for Sex Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) is a concept that gives special attention to women. Often, they don’t get the attention they deserve and are still excluded from society. This study was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design with a total of 44 elderlies in Griya Werdha, Surabaya. This study aimed to determine the sex differences in food acceptance, serum albumin, and nutritional status in elderlies. Methods This was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design that was located in Griya Werdha, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. The sample size of this study was 44 elderly. The collected data included personal information collected by using questionnaires, blood pressure examinations, and urine collection - which were then submitted to the Balai Besar Laboratorium Kesehatan Surabaya (Surabaya Central Health Laboratory Institute). Data were analyzed using a chi-square test. Results The results showed that most of the respondents were women (68.2%), aged 71-80 years old (38.63%), underweight nutritional status (55.6%), positive albumin (59.0%) and having pre-hypertension (36.3%). Based on the relationship test, there was no significant relationship between hypertension (p = 0.307), nutritional status (p = 0.534), and leftover food (p = 0.822; p = 1.000 p = 0.809; p = 1.000; p = 0.549) with the sex of the respondent. However, albumin status was associated and had differences based on the sex of the respondent (p = 0.014). Conclusion In conclusion, according to these data, there were no sex differences in food acceptance, hypertension, and nutritional status among residents of social shelters in Surabaya. On the other side, there were sex differences in albumin status.
Are circadian amplitudes and periods correlated? A new twist in the story
Authors: del Olmo Marta , Schmal Christoph , Mizaikoff Camillo , Grabe Saskia , Gabriel Christian , Kramer Achim , Herzel Hanspeter
Published: April 2024

Three parameters are important to characterize a circadian and in general any biological clock: period, phase and amplitude. While circadian periods have been shown to correlate with entrainment phases, and clock amplitude influences the phase response of an oscillator to pulse-like zeitgeber signals, the co-modulations of amplitude and periods, which we term twist, have not been studied in detail. In this paper we define two concepts: parametric twist refers to amplitude-period correlations arising in ensembles of self-sustained, limit cycle clocks in the absence of external inputs, and phase space twist refers to the co-modulation of an individual clock’s amplitude and period in response to external zeitgebers. Our findings show that twist influences the interaction of oscillators with the environment, facilitating entrainment, speeding upfastening recovery to pulse-like perturbations or modifying the response of an individual clock to coupling. This theoretical framework might be applied to understand the emerging properties of other oscillating systems.
Platelet indices and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio as a predictive tool in acute sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis: A study protocol
Authors: Khurana Kashish , Mahajan Satish
Published: April 2024

Platelet indices and the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio are newly emerging indicators of systemic inflammation in chronic diseases, such as hemoglobinopathies. The objectives of this study include estimation of platelet indices and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients with and without vaso-occlusive crisis. This cross-sectional study will be conducted in the Department of Medicine at a tertiary care teaching hospital situated in the rural area of Wardha district. The participants will include patients of SCD older than 18 years of age attending the sickle cell clinic. We hypothesize the use of neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet indices as clinically significant predictive markers in acute sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis.
Comparative evaluation of efficacy of Pippalyadi Agada as an adjuvant drug vs. standard drug therapy in the management of acute food poisoning: A Study Protocol
Authors: Shinde Vitthal , Wadnerwar Nilima
Published: April 2024

Antimicrobial resistance, a pressing challenge in modern medicine, arises from excessive antibiotic use in veterinary and human care. Underreporting and complex links between food contamination and illnesses have led to underestimating foodborne disease impacts. The World Bank’s 2019 analysis projected $15B annual treatment costs and $95.2B productivity loss in low- to middle-income countries due to foodborne diseases. “Agada” refers to symptom-relieving medications, like “Vishaghnakalpa.” Pippalyadi Agada, from Vishaghana plants, treats “Dooshivisha Chikitsa,” e.g., Kitibha, rashes, shwas. It has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties, aiding acute food poisoning with nausea, vomiting, fever, diarrhea. It is a carminative, curbing prolonged diarrhea, and anti-toxic. Pippalyadi Agada pacifies imbalanced Vata and Kapha, promising better relief than Agni and Pittastana interventions. As an Ayurvedic remedy, it is administered as Vati, 500mg twice daily with Anuapan Honey for 7 days. This study aims to comparatively evaluate the effectiveness of Pippalyadi Agada as an adjunct to standard drug therapy in managing acute food poisoning. Following a comprehensive drug analysis, a total of 60 eligible participants will be selected and assigned to two groups, each comprising 30 individuals. Group A will receive standard drug therapy, while Group B will receive standard drug therapy alongside Pippalyadi Agad, administered twice daily for 7 days. Assessments will occur on days 0, 3, 5, and 8, both before and after the intervention. The study anticipates that the use of Pippalyadi Agada as an adjunct to standard drug therapy will lead to improved symptom relief and faster recovery in individuals with acute food poisoning, as demonstrated by significant reductions in symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, fever, and diarrhea. The observed outcomes will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the potential benefits of Ayurvedic interventions in managing foodborne illnesses.
{MFPP(R). An R package for matrix-based flexible project planning
Authors: Kosztyán Zsolt Tibor , Saghir Aamir
Published: April 2024

Project planning and scheduling are essential parts of project management. While project planning and scheduling tools are already available to support traditional project management approaches, flexible project management, such as agile, extreme and hybrid project planning, are only somewhat supported by computer algorithms. To the best of our knowledge, no existing R package for project planning and scheduling can support project planning and scheduling for flexible projects. In this paper, the goal is to fill this gap; to this end, the R package mfpp for matrix-based flexible project planning/scheduling is introduced and described. This package includes a comprehensive set of tools for project managers to schedule both traditional and flexible project plans. The use of the package is illustrated through examples.
Risk factors for ischemic stroke in China: a case-control study
Authors: Xu Yang , Eng Hwa Wong , Bin Nordin Rusli , Kareem Meera Mohaideen Abdul , Samraj Prakash Earnest Benjamin , Yin How Wong , Huahui Le
Published: April 2024

Background Stroke is a primary cause of disability and death in adults worldwide. This study aimed to determine whether uric acid (UA), total bilirubin (TBIL), serum creatinine (Scr), homocysteine (Hcy), platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR), mean platelet volume (MPV), red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW), and common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) were risk factors for ischemic stroke and whether there were sex differences in their associations. Methods This was a case-control study, and all data were collected from the medical records at Fuzhou First People’s Hospital of Jiangxi Province, China. The case group consisted of 400 patients treated for ischemic stroke at the Neurology Department, Fuzhou First People’s Hospital from January 2017 to June 2023. The control group included 200 patients with non-ischemic stroke in the same period and at the same hospital. In this study, clinical history, physical examination, and biochemical indices such as UA, TBIL, Scr, Hcy, P-LCR, MPV, and RDW were obtained from the patients’ medical records. Craniocerebral imaging was performed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computerized tomography (CT). CCA-IMT was measured using ultrasonography of the carotid arteries. Results In the multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, Hcy, FBS, right CCA-IMT and Hypertension were associated with ischemic stroke (p<0.001). The odds of ischemic stroke increased with Hcy (adjusted OR=1.217, 95% CI=1.129-1.311, p<0.001), fasting blood sugar (FBS) (adjusted OR=1.313, 95%CI=1.169-1.475, p<0.001), and right CCA-IMT (adjusted OR=45.273, 95%CI=6.693-306.232, p<0.001). Hypertensive persons had a higher possibility of ischemic stroke than persons without hypertension (adjusted OR=3.161, 95%CI=2.086-4.790, p<0.001). Conclusions Hcy, FBS, right CCA-IMT, and hypertension are independent risk factors for ischemic stroke in China. There was no association between TBIL, Scr, P-LCR, MPV, RDW, and the incidence of ischemic stroke. There was no sex difference in the association between Hcy, TBIL, Scr, P-LCR, and the incidence of ischemic stroke.
A prospective randomized comparative study of effectiveness of simulation-based training in improving the performance of non-technical skill among postgraduate students during anaesthesia crisis resource management
Authors: Taksande Karuna , Singam Dr. Amol , Thawkar Varun
Published: April 2024

Background Non-technical skills are pivotal in ensuring patient safety during anaesthesia crisis resource management. Simulation-based training has emerged as a promising educational approach for enhancing these skills. This study protocol outlines a prospective randomised comparative study aimed at assessing the impact of simulation-based training on the performance of anaesthesia residents during anaesthesia crisis resource management, with a focus on task management, teamwork, situational awareness, and decision-making skills, using the Assessment of Non-Technical Skills (ANTS) scoring system. Methods Anesthesia residents in postgraduate years 1 and 2 from the Department of Anesthesia at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital will be included as study participants. Informed consent will be obtained, and no exclusion criteria will be applied. Participants will undergo an orientation session covering essential crisis management and simulation knowledge. The study will employ advanced simulation equipment, including a Human Patient Simulator (HPS) mannequin, an anaesthesia machine, and a simulated operating room. Faculty members have selected six distinct perioperative emergency scenarios for simulation sessions. Participants will be grouped in pairs and exposed to three scenarios during each session. Debriefing and feedback will follow each scenario, reinforcing non-technical skills. Experienced staff anesthesiologists, trained in the Assessment of Non-Technical Skills (ANTS) scoring system, will serve as assessors to evaluate participant performance. Expected outcomes Data collected will include ANTS scores, debriefing feedback, and post-test results. Statistical analysis will be employed to assess the effectiveness of simulation-based training in enhancing non-technical skills among anaesthesia residents during anaesthesia crisis resource management.
Nanotechnology applications in interior design of hospitals to enhance thermal comfort and decrease the infection spread for the occupants
Authors: Ehab Toka , Hany Nermine , Mosaad Gihan
Published: April 2024

Background In healthcare facilities, the significance of sensitive architecture cannot be overstated. In regions facing challenges such as Egypt, the healthcare sector is grappling with deteriorating conditions. The design of hospitals is crucial for addressing the needs of patients with varying illnesses and for creating an environment that fosters psychological well-being. The interior design process, especially the selection of materials, plays a pivotal role in ensuring a hygienic and safe environment within healthcare facilities. Walls, floors, ceilings, and furniture materials are key elements that contribute to the overall design. A study was conducted to investigate the application of nano materials in healthcare facility interior design in Egypt. Methods The study involved first a literature review on nano technology and its application in healthcare interior spaces. It culminated in a framework and guidelines for nano materials in different hospital zones. The analytical part of the study analysed successful international examples, leading to a checklist of nanomaterials categorized by hospital zones. The third part involved a base case study in Alexandria, Egypt, simulating the impact of nano coatings on air temperature, radiant temperature, and relative humidity using the DesignBuilder software. Results The results demonstrated a positive impact on patient health and thermal comfort with nano materials. The use of nano coatings in interior design finishes resulted in decreases in air temperature, radiant temperature, and relative humidity. There was an average decrease of 12.3%-16.7% in air temperature, 3%-4.2% in radiant temperature, and 7%-12% in relative humidity throughout the year. Conclusions The study highlighted the effectiveness of nano technology in enhancing the interior finishes of healthcare buildings, leading to improved patient health, thermal comfort, and decreased infection spread rate. We provide valuable recommendations for optimizing material selection in existing hospital buildings in emphasizing potential benefits of nano materials in healthcare facility design.
A correlational study to determine the correlation of clinical, ultrasonographic and biochemical markers with histopathological findings of various ovarian masses in rural hospitals
Authors: Sahu Shreya , Shrivastava Deepti
Published: April 2024

Background Ovarian masses are a significant health concern among women, and their accurate diagnosis and characterization are paramount for effective management. This study protocol outlines a correlational investigation into the relationship between clinical, ultrasonographic, and biochemical markers and histopathological findings of ovarian masses in rural hospitals. Methods The study employs a correlational research design and will be conducted within the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at a rural hospital affiliated with Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research. The study population will comprise women of all ages diagnosed with ovarian masses. Clinical evaluations, ultrasonography, biochemical investigations, preoperative workup, and histopathological examinations will be conducted to gather data. The sample size will be determined based on statistical and practical considerations, yielding approximately 60 participants. Expected outcome The study expects to yield valuable insights into the diagnostic and prognostic indicators for ovarian masses. The data collected will enable the correlation of clinical symptoms, ultrasonographic findings, CA 125 levels, and histopathological characteristics, contributing to enhanced diagnostic accuracy, improved patient care, and potentially reduced healthcare costs in rural healthcare settings.
Benzydamine hydrochloride: an overview on a well-established drug with news in mechanisms of action
Authors: Ferrer-Montiel Antonio
Published: April 2024

Pain and inflammation are the consequences of sore throat, dental and oral procedures, infections, ulcers and head and neck chemotherapy/radiotherapy, and their management is of fundamental importance to avoid distress in patients. Benzydamine hydrochloride (HCl) is a topical indolic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, endowed with analgesic and anesthetic activity, and with antimicrobial (including both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria) and antifungal properties (targeting Candida albicans and non-albicans strains), used in odontostomatology, otorhinolaryngology, and gynecology for its properties. This molecule has a lipophilic nature, showing high affinity with cell membranes and exhibiting membrane stabilization properties, resulting in local anesthesia, an effect related also to the interaction of the drug with cationic channels. In addition, benzydamine HCl is able to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, with consequent analgesia. Moreover, benzydamine HCl is able to inhibit leukocyte-endothelial interactions and platelet aggregation. Unlike other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, benzydamine HCl does not inhibit cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase. Here we review the most updated clinical data available on benzydamine HCl local application as spray, mouthwash or gargling and evidence of its effectiveness in inflammatory and/or septic conditions in the otorhinolaryngology and odontostomatology settings, with particular reference to sore throat, oral inflammation, dental plaque, tonsillitis/tonsillectomy and chemo- or radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Novel formulations for oral administration of benzydamine HCl are also reviewed, including in situ gelling formulations to be sprayed onto the damaged oral mucosa. Finally, novel data on the potential role of benzydamine HCl in nociceptor excitability are introduced.
A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching regarding the harmful effect of oil application on anterior fontanels of newborn among post-natal mothers
Authors: Raut Kajal , mahakarkar MS. Manjusha
Published: April 2024

The anterior fontanelle, sometimes known as the “soft spot,” is an important anatomical component in neonates that allows brain growth and development. Possible harm is caused by such practices, as they may result in unfavorable outcomes, such as skin irritation and a delay in fontanelle closure. The goal of this study was to see how effective pre-planned education was at informing postpartum women about the dangers of applying oil to newborns’ anterior fontanelles. The study was conducted with the goal of increasing the understanding of the adverse effects of oil application on the anterior fontanels of newborns among postnatal mothers, The study will be thoroughly described to the participants, and their written Consent will be taken for the participate in the study and publishing the information. Sampling technique will be convenient. Population and sampling techniques will be examined. Mothers will be the target group with a sample size of 60 postnatal mothers. The sample will be drawn using The Purposive sampling approach. Prior authorization will be acquired from the designated hospitals’ higher authority. The inclusion criteria will be used to select samples. Information will be gathered from the hospital’s obstetric ward. First, pretest knowledge of the adverse effects of applying oil to newborns’ anterior fontanels among postnatal mothers was assessed. Postnatal mothers will be taught about the detrimental effects of placing oil on the anterior fontanels of their newborns. The post-test assessment of knowledge regarding the adverse effects of applying oil to anterior fontanels was performed after 7 days. If the hypothesis of our study is helpful in improving mothers’ knowledge in the post-test rather than pre-test following the intended training.
Interventional cross-sectional study of extra-cardiac anomalies in children with congenital heart diseases in tertiary care hospital in central India
Authors: Khandelwal Rahul Y , Vagha Jayant
Published: April 2024

Background Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) in neonates often present complex clinical scenarios, and the association with extra-cardiac anomalies adds a layer of intricacy to their management. This study protocol outlines a comprehensive investigation into the prevalence and clinical outcomes of extra-cardiac anomalies in neonates diagnosed with CHDs. The study addresses gaps in current knowledge regarding this specific patient population, situated in the Neonatology unit of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and AVBR Hospital, Sawangi, Wardha, Central India. Methods Utilizing a descriptive, interventional cross-sectional design, the study will enrol neonates meeting inclusion criteria—diagnosis of CHDs with concurrent extra-cardiac anomalies. Rigorous data collection will involve detailed clinical histories, thorough physical examinations, and the compilation of relevant investigations, including diagnostic imaging and laboratory results. The study’s temporal scope spans three years, ensuring a robust representation of the neonatal population. Statistical analysis, employing chi-square tests, Fischer’s tests, and independent t-tests, will explore relationships between demographic and clinical characteristics, contributing to a nuanced understanding of this complex interplay. Expected Results Anticipated outcomes of this study include a precise estimation of the prevalence of extra-cardiac anomalies in neonates with CHDs. Furthermore, insights into this specific patient cohort’s clinical outcomes and management will be gained. The study aims to unravel the intricate relationship between demographic factors, clinical characteristics, and extra-cardiac anomalies in CHD patients through meticulous data analysis. These findings are poised to inform clinical practice, enhance patient care strategies, and set the stage for further research in this critical area of neonatal medicine.
Cytotoxic Potential of Berunok Sea Cucumber (Paracaudina australis) Against Breast Cancer Cells (T47D)
Authors: Sukmiwati Mery , Susilawati Susilawati , Rahmawati Noveri , Islami Deri
Published: April 2024

Background Sea cucumbers can be explored as alternative raw materials by the pharmaceutical and fishery industries as anticancer agents because they contain potential bioactive compounds. Methods This study aimed to determine the anticancer activity of Paracaudina australis extract against breast cancer cells (T47D) using an MTT assay. The secondary metabolites found in P.australis are steroids, terpenoids, saponins, and phenolics. The Thin-Layer Chromatography test results are indicated by Rf values, and steroid compounds in the ethyl acetate fraction are included in the standard Rf values. The isolates obtained were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, High-performance liquid chromatography, and UV-Visual spectrophotometry. Results The isolated compounds were Dihydrocholesterol and Cholestan-3-ol, with a molecular formula (C27H48O). The ion weight and molecular mass of the compound were m/z 388,7. Conclusions This compound may be responsible for the anticancer activity of P.australis. The IC50 of Isolate F4 was 25,3 μg/ml, and IC50 of Isolate F7,8 was 13,76 μg/ml.
Adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines in university students
Authors: Jongmekwamsuk Kanathip , Hanvivattanakul Sirashat , Vanichanan Jakapat , Khawcharoenporn Thana
Published: April 2024

Background Existing data on adverse effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines among university students are limited. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of adverse effects that may arise from administering COVID-19 vaccines to university students in Thailand. Methods An online survey study was conducted among students from 12 Health Sciences faculties, and from 16 non-Health Sciences faculties of two universities from October 2021 to January 2022 to assess types and adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines received by the students. Results There were 1,439 participating students; 522 (36%) were from Health Sciences faculties, and 917 (64%) were from 16 non-Health Sciences faculties. The types of the first-dose vaccine received were inactivated (49%), viral vector (46%), and mRNA (5%), while the types of the second-dose vaccine received were viral vector (53%), inactivated (40%) and mRNA (7%). The first-dose vaccines’ most common adverse effects of inactivated, viral vector, and mRNA vaccines were muscle pain (47%, 82%, and 58%, respectively). The second-dose vaccines’ most common adverse effects were cough (47%) for inactivated vaccines and muscle pain (49% for viral vector vaccines and 56% for mRNA vaccines). Viral vector vaccines were more likely to cause fever, muscle pain, diarrhoea, headache, and rashes than the others. The mRNA vaccines caused injection site pain more than inactivated vaccines. The majority of adverse effects occurred 24-48 hours after vaccination (68%), were more severe with the first dose compared with the second dose, and resolved spontaneously without any treatment at a hospital. Conclusions The adverse effects experienced by the students were various according to the types and number of doses of COVID-19 vaccines. The adverse effects were mostly non-severe and occurred less for the second dose compared with the first dose.
Study of inflammatory biomarkers in Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and their association with comorbidities
Authors: KEDAR AISHWARYA , Jadhav Ulhas
Published: April 2024

Background Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a prevalent respiratory condition associated with systemic inflammation and various comorbidities, significantly impacting patients’ health outcomes. This study investigates the relationships between inflammatory biomarkers in COPD and their associations with comorbidities. By focusing on specific biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-ALFA), and fibrinogen, we seek to find the complex interplay between systemic inflammation, COPD severity, and the prevalence of comorbidities. This research is critical for advancing our understanding of the systemic manifestations of COPD and informing targeted interventions for improved patient management. Methods This cross-sectional observational study will be conducted at AVBRH, a tertiary care hospital in central India, over two years (August 2022 to August 2024). A sample size of 90 COPD patients will be randomly selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Diagnostic tests will be performed, including pulmonary function tests, chest X-rays, and biomarker assessments. Statistical analyses, encompassing chi-square tests, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and logistic regression, will explore associations between inflammatory biomarkers, COPD severity, and comorbidities. The study design ensures rigorous data collection and adherence to ethical standards, with SPSS 27.0 utilized for statistical analyses. Expected Outcome Anticipated outcomes include a comprehensive understanding of how inflammatory biomarkers correlate with the severity of COPD and their associations with comorbidities. We expect to identify specific biomarkers that may serve as indicators of increased risk for certain comorbid conditions. The findings will contribute valuable insights into the systemic nature of COPD and inform healthcare strategies tailored to mitigate comorbidity-related risks in COPD patients. This research has the potential to enhance clinical decision-making, guide personalized treatment plans, and ultimately improve the overall management of individuals living with COPD.
A scoping review on what constitutes a good research culture
Authors: Blatch-Jones Amanda Jane , Lakin Kay , Thomas Sarah
Published: April 2024

Background The crisis in research culture is well documented, covering issues such as a tendency for quantity over quality, unhealthy competitive environments, and assessment based on publications, journal prestige and funding. In response, research institutions need to assess their own practices to promote and advocate for change in the current research ecosystem. The purpose of the scoping review was to explore ‘What does the evidence say about the ‘problem’ with ‘poor’ research culture, what are the benefits of ‘good’ research culture, and what does ‘good’ look like?’ Aims To examine the peer-reviewed and grey literature to explore the interplay between research culture, open research, career paths, recognition and rewards, and equality, diversity, and inclusion, as part of a larger programme of activity for a research institution. Methods A scoping review was undertaken. Six databases were searched along with grey literature. Eligible literature had relevance to academic research institutions, addressed research culture, and were published between January 2017 to May 2022. Evidence was mapped and themed to specific categories. The search strategy, screening and analysis took place between April-May 2022. Results 1666 titles and abstracts, and 924 full text articles were assessed for eligibility. Of these, 253 articles met the eligibility criteria for inclusion. A purposive sampling of relevant websites was drawn from to complement the review, resulting in 102 records included in the review. Key areas for consideration were identified across the four themes of job security, wellbeing and equality of opportunity, teamwork and interdisciplinary, and research quality and accountability. Conclusions There are opportunities for research institutions to improve their own practice, however institutional solutions cannot act in isolation. Research institutions and research funders need to work together to build a more sustainable and inclusive research culture that is diverse in nature and supports individuals’ well-being, career progression and performance.
Two draft genomes of enigmatic Solenogastres (Mollusca, Aplacophora) Epimenia babai and Neomenia megatrapezata
Authors: Yap-Chiongco Meghan K. , Pirro Stacy , Varney Rebecca M. , Saito Hiroshi , Halanych Kenneth M. , Kocot Kevin M.
Published: April 2024

Abstract* Many molluscan genomes have been published to date, however only three are from representatives of the subphylum Aculifera (Polyplacophora, Caudofoveata, and Solenogastres), the sister taxon to all other molluscs. Currently, genomic resources are completely lacking for Solenogastres. This gap in knowledge hinders comparative and evolutionary studies. Here, we sequenced the genomes of the solenogaster aplacophorans Epimenia babai Salvini-Plawen, 1997 and Neomenia megatrapezata Salvini-Plawen & Paar-Gausch, 2004 using a hybrid approach combining Oxford Nanopore and Illumina reads. For E. babai, we produced a 628 Mbp haploid assembly (N50 = 413 Kbp, L50 = 370) that is rather complete with a BUSCO completeness score of 90.1% (82.0% single, 8.1% duplicated, 6.0% fragmented, and 3.9% missing). For N. megatrapezata, we produced a 412 Mbp haploid assembly (N50 = 132 Kbp, L50 = 881) that is also rather complete with a BUSCO completeness score of 85.1% (81.7% single, 3.4% duplicated, 8.1% fragmented, and 6.8% missing). Our annotation pipeline predicted 25,393 gene models for E. babai with a BUSCO score of 92.4% (80.5% single, 11.9% duplicated, 4.9% fragmented, and 2.7% missing) and 22,463 gene models for N. megatrapezata with a BUSCO score of 90.2% (81.0% single, 9.2% duplicated, 4.7% fragmented, and 5.1% missing). Phylogenomic analysis recovered Solenogastres as the sister taxon to Polyplacophora and Aculifera as the sister taxon to all other sampled molluscs with maximal support. These represent the first whole-genome resources for Solenogastres and will be valuable for future studies investigating this understudied group and molluscan evolution as a whole.