bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Carcass Characteristics and Organoleptic Properties of Broiler Chicken Fed Cocoa Bean Shell
Authors: Kayode Ewuola, Muslim , Mobolaji Suleiman, Mutiat , Ojo Arowosegbe, Temitope , Adedayo Hamzat, Rasheed
Published: October 2024

The high cost of conventional feed ingredients has forced poultry farmers to concentrate on more accessible and reasonably priced alternative feed sources having considerable nutritional potential. One of these alternative feed sources is cocoa bean shell (CBS), which is widely available, inexpensive, and nutritious. There is limited research on the application of fermentation of bovine rumen filtrate on CBS in poultry production. A feeding trial for 56 days was conducted to investigate the dietary effect of rumen filtrate fermented cocoa bean shell (RFCBS) as partial replacement for maize on the performance of broiler chickens. Fresh cocoa bean shell was mixed with rumen filtrate obtained at ratio 1:1, fermented for 24 hours and then dried. The dried fermented cocoa bean shell (FCBS) was incorporated into the experimental diets at varying levels; 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% respectively to formulate five experimental diets. Ross 308 broiler chicks (n=150) were randomly allotted into five treatments groups of thirty (30) birds per treatment and three replicates containing ten birds each in a completely randomized design (CRD). Data on performance indices, hematological, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics and sensory evaluation collected during the experiment were subjected to ANOVA at α = 0.05. Results revealed that fermentation method employed had significant influence (P<0.05) on the chemical composition of cocoa bean shell used in this study. The crude protein (CBS: 8.18% – FCBS: 5.10%), ash (CBS: 10.40% - FCBS: 9.08%), nitrogen free extract (CBS: 57.64% - FCBS: 57.07%) content of the cocoa bean shell reduced after being fermented but increased its crude fibre content from 10.27% to 15.26%. It also helped to improve the phytochemical constituents of CBS. Dietary supplementation up to 10 % FCBS had comparable weight gain, feed intake and the best feed conversion ratio. Birds fed 10% FCBS based diet had improved (P<0.05) nutrient digestibility values when compared with other diets. Birds on 0 (2088.89g/b), 5 (2044.44g/b) and 10 (1944.44g/b) % FCBS had similar dressed weight but recorded significantly the highest value. Birds fed 10% FCBS based diet recorded the highest tenderness (8.33), juiciness (8.37), flavour (8.43), colour (8.30), aroma (8.37) and taste (8.00) values. Results indicated that the cost of the feed per kg (#2178.92 - 2229.23) decreased across the dietary treatments as the FCBS increased. It is concluded that FCBS can be incorporated up to 10 % in broiler chickens’ diet for better output in terms of weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass trait sensory evaluation and better health status of the birds.
GENDER-ORIENTED ADVERTISING AND PECULIARITIES OF ITS TRANSLATION IN LATVIA
Authors: Ločmele Gunta , Komarova Vera
Published: October 2024

Advertising both serves as a mirror of existing values in the society and makes an impact on them. By using stereotypes adverts can perpetuate them. This research explores the use of gender stereotypes in Latvian advertising from 2010 to 2023, with a particular focus on content in the men's magazine Klubs and the women's magazine Ieva. Through a qualitative and multimodal discourse analysis, the study examines how advertising reflects and perpetuates societal values through the use of gender stereotypes. To provide a broader view of the discussed issues the authors also consider adverts in other media and give a wider context of the gender stereotype discussion in Latvia. A brief insight into advertising in Latvia in 1920s and 1930s shows the existence of gender stereotypes, some of which are still present today. Modern stereotypes about women and men as depicted in adverts are analysed, along with non-stereotypical adverts that are becoming more numerous. The research finds that while a shift toward fewer gender stereotypes is visible in Latvian advertising, this change is not significant or widespread. In contrast, regions (for example, Rēzekne and Ogre still) exhibit more traditional and objectifying portrayals of gender roles. Results suggest that the translation of advertisements plays a crucial role in either reinforcing or breaking stereotypes, with recent examples showing both tendencies. Despite a gradual shift towards non-stereotypical portrayals, gender stereotypes in advertising remain deeply rooted in Latvian society, particularly in certain regions. The novelty of this research lies in its comparison of gender stereotypes across different time periods and media, particularly highlighting the evolving portrayal of women and men in advertising. Furthemore, the study pays specific attention to translated advertisements, revealing both the persistence of stereotypes and cases where they are being gradually challenged.
ULF wave analysis and radial diffusion calculation using a global MHD model for the 17 March 2013 and 2015 storms
Authors: Li Zhao , Hudson Mary , Patel Maulik , Wiltberger Michael , Boyd Alex , Turner Drew
Published: June 2017

The 17 March 2015 St. Patrick's Day Storm is the largest geomagnetic storm to date of Solar Cycle 24, with a Dst of −223 nT. The magnetopause moved inside geosynchronous orbit under high solar wind dynamic pressure and strong southward interplanetary magnetic field Bz causing loss; however, a subsequent drop in pressure allowed for rapid rebuilding of the radiation belts. The 17 March 2013 storm also shows similar effects on outer zone electrons: first, a rapid dropout due to inward motion of the magnetopause followed by rapid increase in flux above the prestorm level early in the recovery phase and a slow increase over the next 12 days. These phases can be seen in temporal evolution of the electron phase space density measured by the Energetic Particle, Composition, and Thermal Plasma Suite (ECT) instruments on Van Allen Probes. Using the Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry global MHD model driven by upstream solar wind measurements, we simulated both St. Patrick's Day 2013 and 2015 events, analyzing Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry electric and magnetic fields to calculate radial diffusion coefficients. These coefficients have been implemented in a radial diffusion code, using the measured electron phase space density following the local heating as the initial radial profile and outer boundary condition for subsequent temporal evolution over the next 12 days, beginning 18 March. Agreement with electron phase space density at 1000 MeV/G measured by the MagEIS component of the ECT instrument suite on Van Allen Probes was much improved using radial diffusion coefficients from the MHD simulations relative to coefficients parameterized by a global geomagnetic activity index.
The role of global circumnavigating mode in the MJO initiation and propagation
Authors: Zhang Fuqing , Taraphdar Sourav , Wang Shuguang
Published: June 2017

A series of convection‐permitting regional‐model simulations are used to study the influences of intraseasonal forcings from the periphery of the tropical Indian Ocean on the October 2011 Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) event well observed during the Dynamics of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation field campaign. These sensitivity experiments demonstrate the predominant role of a global circumnavigating mode in the initiation and propagation of this MJO event, although the regional framework would not completely rule out influences from the extratropics through the western boundary of the model domain. It is found that filtering out intraseasonal forcing leads to the absence of Kelvin waves, which may reduce moisture transport and weakened lower level convergence at the leading edge of the westerlies and further leads to diminishing MJO signatures in these sensitivity experiments. Meanwhile, for the same regional domain initiated 2 weeks before the onset of the MJO convection, there is little impact of whether or not the global MJO signals retained in the initial conditions. On the other hand, the removal of the global MJO signals from the lateral boundary conditions will not affect the propagation of the MJO after it has been initiated in the regional model domain.
Recent changes (2004–2016) of temperature and salinity in the Mediterranean outflow
Authors: Naranjo Cristina , García‐Lafuente Jesús , Sammartino Simone , Sánchez‐Garrido José C. , Sánchez‐Leal Ricardo , Jesús Bellanco M.
Published: June 2017

Temperature and salinity series near the seafloor at Espartel Sill (Strait of Gibraltar) have been used to analyze the thermohaline variability of the Mediterranean outflow. The series shows temperature drops by the end of most winters/early springs, which are the remote response to Western Mediterranean Deep Water (WMDW) formation events in the Gulf of Lion that uplift old WMDW nearby the strait. This process distorts the seasonal cycle of colder/warmer water flowing out in summer/winter likely linked to the seasonality of the Western Alborán Gyre. The series shows positive trends in agreement with previous values, which are largely increased after 2013. It is tentatively interpreted as the Western Mediterranean Transition (WMT) signature that started with the very cold winters of 2005 and 2006. It was only after the large new WMDW production of 2012 and 2013 harsh winters that WMT waters were made available to flow out of the Mediterranean Sea.
A high‐accuracy map of global terrain elevations
Authors: Yamazaki Dai , Ikeshima Daiki , Tawatari Ryunosuke , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , O'Loughlin Fiachra , Neal Jeffery C. , Sampson Christopher C. , Kanae Shinjiro , Bates Paul D.
Published: June 2017

Spaceborne digital elevation models (DEMs) are a fundamental input for many geoscience studies, but they still include nonnegligible height errors. Here we introduce a high‐accuracy global DEM at 3″ resolution (~90 m at the equator) by eliminating major error components from existing DEMs. We separated absolute bias, stripe noise, speckle noise, and tree height bias using multiple satellite data sets and filtering techniques. After the error removal, land areas mapped with ±2 m or better vertical accuracy were increased from 39% to 58%. Significant improvements were found in flat regions where height errors larger than topography variability, and landscapes such as river networks and hill‐valley structures, became clearly represented. We found the topography slope of previous DEMs was largely distorted in most of world major floodplains (e.g., Ganges, Nile, Niger, and Mekong) and swamp forests (e.g., Amazon, Congo, and Vasyugan). The newly developed DEM will enhance many geoscience applications which are terrain dependent.
GPS deformation related to the Mw 7.3, 2014, Papanoa earthquake (Mexico) reveals the aseismic behavior of the Guerrero seismic gap
Authors: Gualandi A. , Perfettini H. , Radiguet M. , Cotte N. , Kostoglodov V.
Published: June 2017

We present the study of 21 continuous GPS (cGPS) stations in Mexico during the time interval that goes from 1 October 2013 to 31 December 2014. The area under investigation produced a slow slip event (SSE) that started in February 2014 and lasted at least until December 2014. Superimposed on this transient signal, the Mw7.3 Papanoa earthquake struck the region on 18 April 2014 and affected multiple stations. Thanks to an independent component analysis (ICA) technique we are able to separate the postseismic deformation associated with this earthquake from the deformation related to the ongoing SSE. We infer the slip distributions associated with the three tectonically related processes: the coseismic and postseismic slip and the SSE. The inferred postseismic slip distribution reduces the amount of slip related to the SSE in the updip portion of the slab. The moment released by the postseismic processes (afterslip and aftershocks) is estimated to be [8.06 ± 0.24] × 1019 Nm, equivalent to [71 ± 4]% of the moment associated with the main shock. More than 88% of the postseismic moment is released aseismically and the afterslip spatially correlates with the Guerrero seismic gap, suggesting that the region is controlled by stable sliding behavior and rate‐strengthening frictional properties.
Winter‐time variability of the eastern Arabian Sea: A comparison between 2003 and 2013
Authors: Narvekar Jayu , D'Mello Joshua Rosario , Prasanna Kumar S. , Banerjee Priyanka , Sharma Vrinda , Shenai‐Tirodkar Prachi
Published: June 2017

The eastern Arabian Sea (EAS) is a region of complex interplay between several spatially and temporally varying oceanographic processes. Using two sets of in situ data collected from the same stations, separated by a decade, we show that warming and cooling in the EAS were linked to the long‐term variability of this region. Though the warming in the southern part of EAS was consistent with the basin‐wide rise in sea surface temperature in the Arabian Sea (AS), the enhanced freshening was a remote response to episodic events mediated by the strengthening of interbasin exchange between Bay of Bengal and AS through East India Coastal Current and West India Coastal Current. The increased stratification in the southern part of EAS led to the decline in the chlorophyll over the decade. In contrast, enhanced chlorophyll in the northern part of the EAS over the decade was linked to the increased wind speed.
Mechanisms controlling the complete accretionary beach state sequence
Authors: Dubarbier Benjamin , Castelle Bruno , Ruessink Gerben , Marieu Vincent
Published: June 2017

Accretionary downstate beach sequence is a key element of observed nearshore morphological variability along sandy coasts. We present and analyze the first numerical simulation of such a sequence using a process‐based morphodynamic model that solves the coupling between waves, depth‐integrated currents, and sediment transport. The simulation evolves from an alongshore uniform barred beach (storm profile) to an almost featureless shore‐welded terrace (summer profile) through the highly alongshore variable detached crescentic bar and transverse bar/rip system states. A global analysis of the full sequence allows determining the varying contributions of the different hydro‐sedimentary processes. Sediment transport driven by orbital velocity skewness is critical to the overall onshore sandbar migration, while gravitational downslope sediment transport acts as a damping term inhibiting further channel growth enforced by rip flow circulation. Accurate morphological diffusivity and inclusion of orbital velocity skewness opens new perspectives in terms of morphodynamic modeling of real beaches.
Dissolved black carbon in the global cryosphere: Concentrations and chemical signatures
Authors: Khan Alia L. , Wagner Sasha , Jaffe Rudolf , Xian Peng , Williams Mark , Armstrong Richard , McKnight Diane
Published: June 2017

Black carbon (BC) is derived from the incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuels and can enhance glacial recession when deposited on snow and ice surfaces. Here we explore the influence of environmental conditions and the proximity to anthropogenic sources on the concentration and composition of dissolved black carbon (DBC), as measured by benzenepolycaroxylic acid (BPCA) markers, across snow, lakes, and streams from the global cryosphere. Data are presented from Antarctica, the Arctic, and high alpine regions of the Himalayas, Rockies, Andes, and Alps. DBC concentrations spanned from 0.62 μg/L to 170 μg/L. The median and (2.5, 97.5) quantiles in the pristine samples were 1.8 μg/L (0.62, 12), and nonpristine samples were 21 μg/L (1.6, 170). DBC is susceptible to photodegradation when exposed to solar radiation. This process leads to a less condensed BPCA signature. In general, DBC across the data set was composed of less polycondensed DBC. However, DBC from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GRIS) had a highly condensed BPCA molecular signature. This could be due to recent deposition of BC from Canadian wildfires. Variation in DBC appears to be driven by a combination of photochemical processing and the source combustion conditions under which the DBC was formed. Overall, DBC was found to persist across the global cryosphere in both pristine and nonpristine snow and surface waters. The high concentration of DBC measured in supraglacial melt on the GRIS suggests that DBC can be mobilized across ice surfaces. This is significant because these processes may jointly exacerbate surface albedo reduction in the cryosphere.
Temporal changes in rock uplift rates of folds in the foreland of the Tian Shan and the Pamir from geodetic and geologic data
Authors: Bufe Aaron , Bekaert David P. S. , Hussain Ekbal , Bookhagen Bodo , Burbank Douglas W. , Thompson Jobe Jessica A. , Chen Jie , Li Tao , Liu Langtao , Gan Weijun
Published: June 2017

Understanding the evolution of continental deformation zones relies on quantifying spatial and temporal changes in deformation rates of tectonic structures. Along the eastern boundary of the Pamir‐Tian Shan collision zone, we constrain secular variations of rock uplift rates for a series of five Quaternary detachment‐ and fault‐related folds from their initiation to the modern day. When combined with GPS data, decomposition of interferometric synthetic aperture radar time series constrains the spatial pattern of surface and rock uplift on the folds deforming at decadal rates of 1–5 mm/yr. These data confirm the previously proposed basinward propagation of structures during the Quaternary. By fitting our geodetic rates and previously published geologic uplift rates with piecewise linear functions, we find that gradual rate changes over >100 kyr can explain the interferometric synthetic aperture radar observations where changes in average uplift rates are greater than ~1 mm/yr among different time intervals (~101, 104–5, and 105–6 years).
Large uncertainty in permafrost carbon stocks due to hillslope soil deposits
Authors: Shelef Eitan , Rowland Joel C. , Wilson Cathy J. , Hilley G. E. , Mishra Umakant , Altmann Garrett L. , Ping Chien‐Lu
Published: June 2017

Northern circumpolar permafrost soils contain more than a third of the global soil organic carbon pool (SOC). The sensitivity of this carbon pool to a changing climate is a primary source of uncertainty in simulation‐based climate projections. These projections, however, do not account for the accumulation of soil deposits at the base of hillslopes (hill toes) and the influence of this accumulation on the distribution, sequestration, and decomposition of SOC in landscapes affected by permafrost. Here we combine topographic models with soil profile data and topographic analysis to evaluate the quantity and uncertainty of SOC mass stored in perennially frozen hill toe soil deposits. We show that in Alaska this SOC mass introduces an uncertainty that is >200% the state‐wide estimates of SOC stocks (77 Pg C) and that a similarly large uncertainty may also pertain at a circumpolar scale. Soil sampling and geophysical imaging efforts that target hill toe deposits can help constrain this large uncertainty.
Mesospheric plasma irregularities caused by the missile destruction on 9 December 2009
Authors: Kozlovsky Alexander , Shalimov Sergey , Lester Mark
Published: June 2017

On 9 December 2009 at about 07 UT a solid propellant 36.8 t ballistic rocket was self‐destroyed at an altitude of 170–260 km, at a distance of about 500 km to the east of Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory (SGO, 67°22′N, 26°38′E, Finland). After 2–3 h the SGO meteor radar (operating at a frequency 36.9 MHz) received unusual echoes, which indicate turbulence of ionospheric plasma (irregularities of electron density) with a temporal scale on the order of 0.1 s and a spatial scale of a few to tens of meters. The turbulence occurred at a height of about 80 km and was localized in several areas of about 60 km in horizontal scale. Line‐of‐sight velocity of the irregularities was up to a few tens of meters per second toward the radar. The event occurred in the winter high‐latitude mesosphere during extremely low solar and geomagnetic activity. Aerosol particles caused by the missile explosion played a key role in producing the electron density irregularities. As a possible explanation, we suggest that sedimented by gravity and, hence, moving with respect to the air, charged aerosol particles (presumably composed of aluminum oxide) might produce meter‐scale irregularities (electrostatic waves) via dissipative instability, which is a mechanism analogous to that of the resistive beam‐plasma instability.
Lead‐Free Polycrystalline Ferroelectric Nanowires with Enhanced Curie Temperature
Authors: Datta Anuja , Sanchez‐Jimenez Pedro E. , Al Orabi Rabih Al Rahal , Calahorra Yonatan , Ou Canlin , Sahonta Suman‐Lata , Fornari Marco , Kar‐Narayan Sohini
Published: June 2017

Ferroelectrics are important technological materials with wide‐ranging applications in electronics, communication, health, and energy. While lead‐based ferroelectrics have remained the predominant mainstay of industry for decades, environmentally friendly lead‐free alternatives are limited due to relatively low Curie temperatures (T
C) and/or high cost in many cases. Efforts have been made to enhance T
C through strain engineering, often involving energy‐intensive and expensive fabrication of thin epitaxial films on lattice‐mismatched substrates. Here, a relatively simple and scalable sol–gel synthesis route to fabricate polycrystalline (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3 nanowires within porous templates is presented, with an observed enhancement of T
C up to ≈300 °C as compared to ≈90 °C in the bulk. By combining experiments and theoretical calculations, this effect is attributed to the volume reduction in the template‐grown nanowires that modifies the balance between different structural instabilities. The results offer a cost‐effective solution‐based approach for strain‐tuning in a promising lead‐free ferroelectric system, thus widening their current applicability.
Bridging the Knowledge of Different Worlds to Understand the Big Picture of Cancer Nanomedicines
Authors: Balasubramanian Vimalkumar , Liu Zehua , Hirvonen Jouni , Santos Hélder A.
Published: June 2017

Explosive growth of nanomedicines continues to significantly impact the therapeutic strategies for effective cancer treatment. Despite the significant progress in the development of advanced nanomedicines, successful clinical translation remains challenging. As cancer nanomedicine is a multidisciplinary field, the fundamental problem is that the knowledge gaps stem from different vantage points in the understanding of cancer nanomedicines. The complexities and heterogenecity of both nanomedicines and cancer are further demanding the integration of highly diverse expertise to develop clinically translatable cancer nanomedicines. This progress report aims to discuss the current understanding of cancer nanomedicines between different research areas in terms of nanoparticle engineering, formulation, tumor patho‐physiology and clinical medicine, as well as to identify the knowledge gaps lying at the interface between the different fields of research in nanomedicine. Here we also highlight for the necessity to harmonize the multidisciplinary effort in the research of nanomedicines in order to bridge the knowledge and to advance the full understanding in cancer nanomedicines. A paradigm shift is needed in the strategic development of disease specific nanomedicines in order to foster the successful translation into clinic of future cancer nanomedicines.
A Route to O‐Aminosulfonates and Sulfonamides through Insertion of Sulfur Dioxide and Hydrogen Atom Transfer
Authors: Liu Tong , Zheng Danqing , Li Zhenhua , Wu Jie
Published: June 2017

A three‐component reaction of aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, the 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane⋅bis(sulfur dioxide) adduct [DABCO⋅(SO2)2] and hydroxylamines under catalyst‐free and additive‐free conditions has been developed, providing aryl O‐aminosulfonates in good yields. Sulfonamides could also be obtained via a one‐pot process through the reaction of aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, DABCO⋅(SO2)2 and amines in the presence of N‐hydroxybenzotriazole. A mechanism involving the insertion of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen atom transfer is proposed and supported by theoretical calculations.

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Two‐Dimensional Haeckelite NbS2: A Diamagnetic High‐Mobility Semiconductor with Nb4+ Ions
Authors: Ma Yandong , Kuc Agnieszka , Jing Yu , Philipsen Pier , Heine Thomas
Published: June 2017

In all known Group 5 transition‐metal dichalcogenide monolayers (MLs), the metal centers carry a spin, and their ground‐state phases are either metallic or semiconducting with indirect band gaps. Here, on grounds of first‐principles calculations, we report that the Haeckelite polytypes 1S‐NbX2 (X=S, Se, Te) are diamagnetic direct‐band‐gap semiconductors even though the Nb atoms are in the 4+ oxidation state. In contrast, 1S‐VX2 MLs are antiferromagnetically coupled indirect‐band‐gap semiconductors. The 1S phases are thermodynamically and dynamically stable but of slightly higher energy than their 1H and 1T ML counterparts. 1S‐NbX2 MLs are excellent candidates for optoelectronic applications owing to their small band gaps (between 0.5 and 1 eV). Moreover, 1S‐NbS2 shows a particularly high hole mobility of 2.68×103 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is significantly higher than that of MoS2 and comparable to that of WSe2.
Electronic Origin of the Competitive Mechanisms in the Thermal Activation of Methane by the Heteronuclear Cluster Oxide [Al2ZnO4].+
Authors: Zhou Shaodong , Yue Lei , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut
Published: June 2017

The thermal gas‐phase reactions of [Al2ZnO4].+ with methane have been explored by using FT‐ICR mass spectrometry complemented by high‐level quantum chemical calculations. Two competitive mechanisms, that is, hydrogen‐atom transfer (HAT) and proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) are operative. Interestingly, while the HAT process is influenced by the polarity of the transition structure, both the ionic nature of the metal–oxygen bond and the structural rigidity of the cluster oxide affect the PCET pathway. As compared to the previously reported homonuclear [Al2O3].+ and [ZnO].+, the heteronuclear oxide [Al2ZnO4].+ exhibits a much higher chemoselectivity towards methane. The electronic origins of the doping effect have been explored.
Graph‐based recommendation integrating rating history and domain knowledge: Application to on‐site guidance of museum visitors
Authors: Minkov Einat , Kahanov Keren , Kuflik Tsvi
Published: June 2017

Visitors to museums and other cultural heritage sites encounter a wealth of exhibits in a variety of subject areas, but can explore only a small number of them. Moreover, there typically exists rich complementary information that can be delivered to the visitor about exhibits of interest, but only a fraction of this information can be consumed during the limited time of the visit. Recommender systems may help visitors to cope with this information overload. Ideally, the recommender system of choice should model user preferences, as well as background knowledge about the museum's environment, considering aspects of physical and thematic relevancy. We propose a personalized graph‐based recommender framework, representing rating history and background multi‐facet information jointly as a relational graph. A random walk measure is applied to rank available complementary multimedia presentations by their relevancy to a visitor's profile, integrating the various dimensions. We report the results of experiments conducted using authentic data collected at the Hecht museum. An evaluation of multiple graph variants, compared with several popular and state‐of‐the‐art recommendation methods, indicates on advantages of the graph‐based approach.
Vanadium Chloroperoxidases: The Missing Link in the Formation of Chlorinated Compounds and Chloroform in the Terrestrial Environment?
Authors: Wever Ron , Barnett Phil
Published: June 2017

It is well established that the majority of chlorinated organic substances found in the terrestrial environment are produced naturally. The presence of these compounds in soils is not limited to a single ecosystem. Natural chlorination is also a widespread phenomenon in grasslands and agricultural soils typical for unforested areas. These chlorinated compounds are formed from chlorination of natural organic matter consisting of very complex chemical structures, such as lignin. Chlorination of several lignin model compounds results in the intermediate formation of trichloroacetyl‐containing compounds, which are also found in soils. These decay, in general, through a haloform‐type reaction mechanism to CHCl3. Upon release into the atmosphere, CHCl3 will produce chlorine radicals through photolysis, which will, in turn, lead to natural depletion of ozone. There is evidence that fungal chloroperoxidases able to produce HOCl are involved in the chlorination of natural organic matter. The objective of this review is to clarify the role and source of the various chloroperoxidases involved in the natural formation of CHCl3.
Stabilization of Stochastic Coupled Systems With Time Delay Via Feedback Control Based on Discrete‐Time State Observations
Authors: Wu Yongbao , Huo Mengjie , Li Wenxue
Published: June 2017

In this paper, the stabilization of stochastic coupled systems (SCSs) with time delay via feedback control based on discrete‐time state observations is investigated. We use the discrete‐time state feedback control to stabilize stochastic coupled systems with time delay. Moreover, by employing Lyapunov method and graph theory, the upper bound of the duration between two consecutive state observations is obtained and some criteria are established to guarantee the stabilization in sense of
‐stability and mean‐square asymptotic stability of SCSs with time delay via feedback control based on discrete‐time state observations. In addition, to verify the theoretical results, stochastic coupled oscillators with time delay are performed. At last, a numerical example is given to illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of our analytical results.
A colorimetric and fluorogenic probe for bisulfite using benzopyrylium as the recognition unit
Authors: Zhang Yun , Zhang Xiangwen , Yang Xiao‐Feng , Zhang Juan
Published: June 2017

A coumarin–benzopyrylium (CB) platform has been developed for the colorimetric and fluorogenic detection of bisulfite. The proposed probe utilizes coumarin as the fluorophore and positively charged benzopyrylium as the reaction site. The method employs the nucleophilic addition of bisulfite to the benzopyrylium moiety of CB to inactivate the electron‐deficient oxonium ion. The driving force for photo‐induced electron transfer is considerably diminished, thereby promoting the emission intensity of the coumarin fluorophore. The fluorescence intensity at 510 nm is linear with bisulfite concentration over a range of 0.2–7.5 μM with a detection limit of 42 nM (3δ). CB shows a rapid response (within 30 s) and high selectivity and sensitivity for bisulfite. Preliminary studies show that CB has great potential for bisulfite detection in real samples and in living cells.
Spectrofluorimetric determination of atenolol from human urine using high‐affinity molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction sorbent
Authors: Gorbani Yagoup , Yılmaz Hüma , Basan Hasan
Published: June 2017

This study presents a novel, sensitive and selective molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction (MISPE)–spectrofluorimetric method for the removal and determination of atenolol from human urine. Molecularly imprinted and non‐imprinted polymers were synthesized thermally using a radical chain polymerization technique and used as solid‐phase extraction sorbents. Acrylic acid ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, dibenzoyl peroxide and dichloroethane were used as a functional monomer, cross‐linker, initiator and porogen, respectively. The calibration curve was in the range of 0.10–2.0 μg/ml for the developed method. Limit of detection and limit of quantification values were 0.032 and 0.099 μg/ml, respectively. Owing to the selectivity of the MISPE technique and the sensitivity of spectrofluorimetry, trace levels of atenolol have been successfully determined from both organic and aqueous media. Relatively high imprinting factor (4.18) and recovery results (74.5–75.3%) were obtained. In addition, intra‐ and interday precision values were 0.38–1.03% and 0.47–2.05%, respectively, proving the precision of the proposed method. Thus, a selective, sensitive and simple MISPE–spectrofluorimetric method has been developed and applied to the direct determination of atenolol from human urine.
Winding paths: Ambivalence in consumers' buying processes
Authors: Sipilä Jenni , Sundqvist Sanna , Tarkiainen Anssi
Published: June 2017

This paper investigates ambivalence in the buying process. The existing literature has rarely studied ambivalence in longitudinal processes and has therefore not been able to capture its dynamics. Those studies that have studied ambivalence longitudinally have focused on general attitudinal ambivalence rather than its subtypes (cognitive, affective, and intercomponent ambivalence) and have therefore ignored some of the more detailed dynamics. Hence, this study addresses these different types of ambivalence longitudinally, exploring what these different ambivalences consist of, what their roles are in the buying process, and how they occur under different types of involvement conditions. A longitudinal video diary method is used in conjunction with a multimodal analysis technique to explore not only the verbally expressed aspects of ambivalence but also its nonverbal expression, which further reveals differences between different types of ambivalence. The findings suggest that cognitive ambivalence involves conflicting evaluations of utilitarian brand and product aspects and is resolved through more effortful mechanisms, whereas intercomponent ambivalence involves conflicting evaluations of varying utilitarian, hedonic, and symbolic brand and product aspects and is resolved through both more and less effortful mechanisms. Finally, affective ambivalence involves conflicting anticipations about the outcome of the buying process but is not resolved through similarly clear mechanisms. As the key outcome of the exploration, propositions and a synthesising framework about the different types of ambivalence in the buying process are developed for future research. This paper hence contributes to the ambivalence literature and offers managerial implications especially for marketers of multifaceted and high‐involvement products.
Probing Human Telomeric DNA and RNA Topology and Ligand Binding in a Cellular Model by Using Responsive Fluorescent Nucleoside Probes
Authors: Manna Sudeshna , Panse Cornelia H. , Sontakke Vyankat A. , Sangamesh Sarangamath , Srivatsan Seergazhi G.
Published: June 2017

The development of biophysical systems that enable an understanding of the structure and ligand‐binding properties of G‐quadruplex (GQ)‐forming nucleic acid sequences in cells or models that mimic the cellular environment would be highly beneficial in advancing GQ‐directed therapeutic strategies. Herein, the establishment of a biophysical platform to investigate the structure and recognition properties of human telomeric (H‐Telo) DNA and RNA repeats in a cell‐like confined environment by using conformation‐sensitive fluorescent nucleoside probes and a widely used cellular model, bis(2‐ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate reverse micelles (RMs), is described. The 2′‐deoxy and ribonucleoside probes, composed of a 5‐benzofuran uracil base analogue, faithfully report the aqueous micellar core through changes in their fluorescence properties. The nucleoside probes incorporated into different loops of H‐Telo DNA and RNA oligonucleotide repeats are minimally perturbing and photophysically signal the formation of respective GQ structures in both aqueous buffer and RMs. Furthermore, these sensors enable a direct comparison of the binding affinity of a ligand to H‐Telo DNA and RNA GQ structures in the bulk and confined environment of RMs. These results demonstrate that this combination of a GQ nucleoside probe and easy‐to‐handle RMs could provide new opportunities to study and devise screening‐compatible assays in a cell‐like environment to discover GQ binders of clinical potential.
Granulomatous hypophysitis: rare disease with challenging diagnosis
Authors: Elgamal Mohannad E. , Mohamed Rawia M. H. , Fiad Tarek , Elgamal Essam A.
Published: June 2017

Key Clinical Message

Granulomatous hypophysitis is rare pathology that mimics pituitary adenoma. Diagnosis is only confirmed by histopathology examination. Trans‐sphenoidal surgery is considered diagnostic when descent tissue specimen is obtained and therapeutic by decompressing optic pathway and the sella. Pathological findings always reveal granulomatous areas, multinucleated giant cells, plasma cells, and lymphocytes.
Twofold Electrochemical Amination of Naphthalene and Related Arenes
Authors: Möhle Sabine , Herold Sebastian , Richter Frank , Nefzger Hartmut , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: June 2017

The twofold electrochemical amination reaction of polycyclic arenes, such as naphthalene (4), via Zincke intermediates is demonstrated for the first time. The installation of nitrogen functionalities occurs regioselectively in positions 1 and 5 of naphthalene (4). The key for this electroconversion is boron‐doped diamond as the anode material. The method of the multi‐amination reaction is expanded to other aromatic substrates. A detailed study is provided, covering electrolysis parameters such as anode material, electrolyte system, current density, separator, and so forth. Despite the moderate yields, this approach offers the first direct electrosynthetic access to diaminated products.
Lanthanum‐Based Compounds: Electronic Band‐Gap‐Dependent Electrocatalytic Materials for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Gu Weiwei , Song Ye , Liu Jingjun , Wang Feng
Published: June 2017

The electronic energy level of lanthanum compounds plays an important role in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalytic process. In this work, three lanthanum compounds, LaOHCO3, La2O2CO3, and La2O3, have been synthesized through an in situ urea hydrolysis method, followed by annealing at different temperatures. Among these lanthanum compounds, the layer‐structured La2O2CO3 has the smallest band gap and moderate values of the conduction band (CB) and valence band (VB). Electrochemical measurements in 0.1 m KOH solution have shown that, compared with the other catalysts, La2O2CO3 exhibits the best electrocatalytic activity with the lowest H2O2 production and highest durability for ORR, which proves the close correlation between electronic energy level and electrocatalytic ORR activity. During the ORR process over La2O2CO3, some covalent electrons from the VB are first excited to the CB and then transfer to the unoccupied π*2p orbitals of an active oxygen molecule, leading to strengthened oxygen adsorption and promotion of the reduction of oxygen. Moreover, La2O2CO3 has an ability to chemically disproportionate hydrogen peroxide (to give HO2−), and the produced HO2− at the energy level of O2/HO2− can undergo prompt chemical disproportionation into O2 and OH−. The O2 generated at this stage is adsorbed on the catalyst surface, which can be utilized for further oxygen reduction.
Coordination‐Driven Folding in Multi‐ZnII‐Porphyrin Arrays Constructed on a Pillar[5]arene Scaffold
Authors: Trinh Thi Minh Nguyet , Nierengarten Iwona , Ben Aziza Haifa , Meichsner Eric , Holler Michel , Chessé Matthieu , Abidi Rym , Bijani Christian , Coppel Yannick , Maisonhaute Emmanuel , Delavaux‐Nicot Béatrice , Nierengarten Jean‐François
Published: June 2017

Pillar[5]arene derivatives bearing peripheral porphyrin subunits have been efficiently prepared from a deca‐azide pillar[5]arene building block (17) and ZnII‐porphyrin derivatives bearing a terminal alkyne function (9 and 16). For the resulting deca‐ZnII‐porphyrin arrays (18 and 20), variable temperature NMR studies revealed an intramolecular complexation of the peripheral ZnII‐porphyrin moieties by 1,2,3‐triazole subunits. As a result, the molecules adopt a folded conformation. This was further confirmed by UV/Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. In addition, we have also demonstrated that the coordination‐driven unfolding of 18 and 20 can be controlled by an external chemical stimulus. Specifically, addition of an imidazole derivative (22) to solution of 18 or 20 breaks the intramolecular coordination at the origin of the folding. The resulting molecular motions triggered by the addition of the imidazole ligand mimic the blooming of a flower.
On the importance of retaining stresses and strains in repositioning computational biomechanical models of the cervical spine
Authors: Boakye‐Yiadom Solomon , Cronin Duane S.
Published: June 2017

Human body models are created in a specific posture and often repositioned and analyzed without retaining stresses that result from repositioning. For example, repositioning a human neck model within the physiological range of motion to a head‐turned posture prior to an impact results in initial stresses within the tissues distracted from their neutral position. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of repositioning on the subsequent kinetics, kinematics, and failure modes, of a lower cervical spine motion segment, to support future research at the full neck level.

Repositioning was investigated for 3 modes (tension, flexion, and extension) and 3 load cases. The model was repositioned and loaded to failure in one continuous load history (case 1), or repositioned then restarted with retained stresses and loaded to failure (case 2). In case 3, the model was repositioned and then restarted in a stress‐free state, representing current repositioning methods. Not retaining the repositioning stresses and strains resulted in different kinetics, kinematics, or failure modes, depending on the mode of loading. For the motion segment model, the differences were associated with the intervertebral disc fiber reorientation and load distribution, because the disc underwent the largest deformation during repositioning.

This study demonstrated that repositioning led to altered response and tissue failure, which is critical for computational models intended to predict injury at the tissue level. It is recommended that stresses and strains be included and retained for subsequent analysis when repositioning a human computational neck model.
Towards a generic multilayer negotiation framework for efficient application provisioning in the cloud
Authors: Omezzine Aya , Bellamine Ben Saoud Narjes , Tazi Said , Cooperman Gene
Published: June 2017

The cloud market is nowadays a complex environment where cloud application providers need to maximize their monetary profit and end users look for the most efficient services with the lowest prices. For efficient cloud provisioning, both providers and users should be satisfied in spite of their conflicting needs. Negotiation is the most flexible solution to solve conflicts and enable reaching win‐win agreements. Cloud application provisioning has 2 main properties that highly impact the negotiation decision‐making models: (1) The interdependence between the business layer and the resource layer, and (2) the dynamic provisioning context (eg, negotiators’ preferences and application scheduler). Despite the importance of these 2 properties, the current negotiation models do not take these properties into account. This paper addresses both issues. We propose a multilayer negotiation framework, which also encompasses the potential for dynamic provisioning context. For that, we propose, first, a generic negotiation model dedicated to cloud provisioning. And second, we present its instantiation among cloud layers for efficient SaaS provisioning, to maximize provider profit and increase user satisfaction. The experiments show the benefits of adding negotiation to the provisioning process by improving it for provider profit, number of accepted requests, and client satisfaction.
Crack evolution process of window glass under radiant heating
Authors: Chen Haodong , Wang Yu , Zhang Yi , Wang Qingsong , Zhao Han , Shao Guangzheng , Su Yanfei , Sun Jinhua , He Linghui
Published: June 2017

Window glass breakage has a significant impact on the compartment fire development being sometimes a weak link for fire safety design. This work focuses on the process of crack evolution of window glass in a fire environment. A total of 11 experiments were conducted in a box apparatus by changing heating rate of a heat source. The box apparatus is an enclosed compartment, which includes the heat source, assembled boxes, and glass pane. Crack time, temperature field, breaking stress, crack evolution, and fall‐out of the glass panes are presented. Main and secondary fractures are defined and illustrated in the process of crack evolution. Average time to the first, second, and third main fractures decreased as the heating rate of heat source increased. The average breaking stress was 71.14 MPa for float glass at the time of first main fracture. The crack evolution process was very complicated. Cracks initiated at an edge and propagated towards other edges for main fractures. Multiple cracks were joined together to form cracked glass islands. The fall‐out of cracked glass islands under radiant heating was more difficult than that under real fire scenarios.
TGF‐β signaling directly regulates transcription and functional expression of the electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1, NBCe1 (SLC4A4), via Smad4 in mouse astrocytes
Authors: Khakipoor Shokoufeh , Ophoven Christian , Schrödl‐Häußel Magdalena , Feuerstein Melanie , Heimrich Bernd , Deitmer Joachim W. , Roussa Eleni
Published: June 2017

The electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1 (SLC4A4) expressed in astrocytes regulates intracellular and extracellular pH. Here, we introduce transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) as a novel regulator of NBCe1 transcription and functional expression. Using hippocampal slices and primary hippocampal and cortical astrocyte cultures, we investigated regulation of NBCe1 and elucidated the underlying signaling pathways by RT‐PCR, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, intracellular H(+) recording using the H(+) ‐sensitive dye 2′,7′‐bis‐(carboxyethyl)‐5‐(and‐6)‐carboxyfluorescein, mink lung epithelial cell (MLEC) assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Activation of TGF‐β signaling significantly upregulated transcript, protein, and surface expression of NBCe1. These effects were TGF‐β receptor‐mediated and suppressed following inhibition of JNK and Smad signaling. Moreover, 4‐aminopyridine (4AP)‐dependent NBCe1 regulation requires TGF‐β. TGF‐β increased the rate and amplitude of intracellular H+ changes upon challenging NBCe1 in wild‐type astrocytes but not in cortical astrocytes from Slc4a4‐deficient mice. A Smad4 binding sequence was identified in the NBCe1 promoter and Smad4 binding increased after activation of TGF‐β signaling. The data show for the first time that NBCe1 is a direct target of TGF‐β/Smad4 signaling. Through activation of the canonical pathway TGF‐β acts directly on NBCe1 by binding of Smad4 to the NBCe1 promoter and regulating its transcription, followed by increased protein expression and transport activity.