bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Microstructural and Optical Properties of Ag3O4 Thin Films Sprayed onto Glass Substrate
Authors: Laskri Amina , Drici Abdelaziz , Boulouma Amor , Amara Abdelaziz , Bernede Jean Christian
Published: June 2019

In the present work we studied the effect of temperature and molarity on microstructural and optical properties of Ag3O4 thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis. Transparent conductive thin films of silver oxide (Ag3O4) were prepared by using an aqueous solution of silver nitrate (AgNO3) and sprayed onto heated soda glass substrate at 350 °C and annealed at 550°C. X-ray diffraction showed that the films have a monoclinic structure with a preferential orientation along the (031) direction. A visible shift of the main peak as a function of temperature and solution molarity is observed. The lattice parameters a, b and c are estimated to be 3.68, 9.30 and 5.20Ǻ respectively. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that all films are nanostructured and homogeneous with dense surfaces. Transmittance and reflectance measurements are performed in the spectral range 200-1600 nm and yielded a band gap energy (Eg) varying in the range 3.07-3.25 eV. Refractive index was studied in terms of Moss, Ravindra and Herve–Vandamme models. The optical constants such as the oscillator energy (E0), static refractive index (n0), dispersion energy (Ed) and dielectric parameters (εr ) of the films were derived from the analysis and discussed.
Experimental Determination of Early Shrinkage of Alkali-Activated Slag
Authors: Alexa Martin , Kocáb Dalibor , Kucharczyková Barbara , Kotrla Jan
Published: June 2019

This paper deals with the relationship between chemical processes in the early stages of hydration of alkali-activated slag, volume changes and the development of the microstructure of this material. Two test pastes were produced for the purpose of the experiment - one with and the other without an organic admixture (isopropyl alcohol). The pastes were used to monitor autogenous shrinkage by measuring volume changes and at the same time the changes in the material during setting and early hardening using a modern ultrasonic instrument Vikasonic. The output of the described experiment is a detailed evaluation of the difference in the behaviour of the used alkali-activated paste with and without the addition of an organic admixture.
Robustness Assessment Based on Pseudo-Static Full Probabilistic Approach
Authors: Tur Andrei V.
Published: June 2019

Accordance with a new EN 1992 the robustness of the structural systems must be analyzed. When applying proposed new strategy, it has been verified that the structure has sufficient redundancy and possibility to mobilize so-called alternate load path (AP-method). Paper presents a modified complex method for robustness estimation in case of the RC-structural systems. Proposed pseudo-static method based on the energy-saving approach. Paper also presents a full probabilistic pseudo-static nonlinear method which was developed for structural robustness assessment, taking into account the statistical variability of the materials properties and, as a consequence, parameters of the plastic hinges and possible failure modes.
Modeling of Interaction between the Bridge Girder and Piers with the Use of Commercial Software
Authors: Havlíček Peter , Šoltész Július
Published: June 2019

Creating an analytical model for a bridge structure is one of the most challenging engineering tasks. For the design of all supporting elements and in all design situations., It is often necessary to create several models. One of the common modeling problems is related to the area between the bridge girder and piers. A Correct representation of the upper and lower structure interaction is particularly important in case of seismic design and the subsequent design of the piers. With a suitably built analytical model, it is possible to significantly reduce the horizontal effects from the upper structure and consequently, to reduce the shear strain of the piers. This contribution discusses the particularities of designing and modeling of bridges with elastomeric bearings. Further follows the description of the main methods for designing such structural elements in three commonly available commercial software based on the Finite Element Methods, hereinafter referred to as FEM. At the end of the paper the individual software options are compared.
Numerical Analysis of the Experimental Flat Slabs
Authors: Majtánová Lucia , Halvonik Jaroslav
Published: June 2019

Reinforced concrete flat slabs are frequently used structural members in building construction. One of the most dangerous form of structural failure of these system is punching of the slab by support. The best way how to verify the reliability of standard model for the assessment of punching capacity is comparison of the resistance obtained from the experiments, with the resistances calculated according to the standard. To determine the reliability of the standards a large database of test results is required, but from economical point of view, it is not possible to prepare so many tests in order to fulfill this requirement. The problem can be solved by non-linear analysis which is a tool that allows to substitute actual tests with theoretical ones. The paper deals with non-linear analysis of punching of flat slabs, where the numerical model of flat slab specimens using results taken from the experimental program carried out at the laboratory of Slovak University of Technology. The task was to find the suitable non-linear material model for concrete and reinforcement, choose the proper boundary conditions, the correct load application and choose the appropriate way of modeling. The correct adjustment of the numerical model allows to carry out parametric study of flat slabs.
Non-Linear Analysis of Precast Concrete Element for Airport Pavement
Authors: Šrámek Miroslav , Novák Josef
Published: June 2019

The paper focuses on structural design of a precast concrete element used for an innovative precast concrete pavement system for airports which is being developed within an ongoing project at Faculty of Civil Engineering CTU in Prague. The object of the structural design consists in designing reinforcement for the selected element with respect to crack width, tensile stress limitation in reinforcement and compressive stress limitation in concrete. The amount of reinforcement is highly affected by both applied load and the presence of imperfection in pavement bedding. In order to examine the behavior of the element subject to the load from Airbus A380800F, a three-dimensional model was created and analyzed by using Newton-Raphson's method and FEM. The data obtained from the numerical simulation served for the optimization of the element reinforcement.
Regarding the Interaction Diagram of Reinforced Concrete Cross-Section
Authors: Holan Jakub , Štefan Radek
Published: June 2019

The paper deals with the problems and ambiguities that were solved while developing a computer program capable of constructing accurate interaction diagrams. These problems are not satisfactorily described in available literature. Within the paper, amongst other things, the issue of strain of concrete at the ultimate load capacity of a cross-section is also discussed. The developed computer program is available for free and it is possible to use it for the calculation and construction of an interaction diagram of a doubly reinforced rectangular cross-section. More specifically, it provides a subprogram that constructs a simplified point interaction diagram as well as a subprogram that constructs an accurate interaction diagram assuming complex nonlinear stress-strain behaviour of materials.
Nonlinear Analysis and Comparison of Design Methods for Slender Concrete Columns with their Impact on Economy and Reliability
Authors: Dobrý Jakub , Čuhák Marek , Čížek Pavel , Benko Vladimír
Published: June 2019

The subject of this article is a comparison of the calculation methods for slender reinforced concrete columns, which are likely to lose stability, and therefore it is necessary to take into account the influence of the second order theory. The columns were calculated by the nominal curvature method [1] Chap.5.8.8 and the general nonlinear method [1] Chap.5.8.6 (3). Our comparison was aimed on the reliability of the design of the columns and the cost of the column. The analysis was made for the columns we selected from the halls built in practice. For this reason, we have asked for co-operation with Statika Čížek s.r.o.. This company has designed lot of hall objects during numerous years of its practise. In this study, we proposed a selected column located in a particular hall object. Parameters of the selected column have been slightly modified against the practical design. Reinforcement of selected column was designed using the curvature method. This proposal was then subjected to "optimization", where the task was to minimize the amount of concrete and minimize the amount of reinforcement with usage of a general nonlinear method. Then we compared the results of this analysis in terms of reliability and cost of production. This article aims to alert authorized engineers to be careful with usage of the general non-linear method in practice. It is questionable, whether saving money on the cost of building structure is worthwhile to design columns with significantly lower reliability. Sometimes even with the risk of a loss of stability that belongs to the category - brittle failures
Serviceability Limit State Evaluation in Discontinuity Regions
Authors: Číhal Michal , Kabeláč Jaromír , Konečný Michael , Juříček Lukáš
Published: June 2019

Discontinuity Region Design method was recently extended to allow assessment of serviceability limit states (SLS) for regions of concrete structural members where the Bernoulli-Navier hypothesis does not hold, such as dapped ends, openings, frame corners, etc. The method uses material models which consider the impact of short- and long-term loading effects (creep) as well as the influence of tension stiffening, which are calculated from reinforcement ratios. The method can be used to perform assessment of stress limitation SLS as well as to calculate crack widths. Crack width calculations for both stabilized and non-stabilized cracks have been compared with real-world experiments. Calculations regarding deflection and strain in concrete and concrete rebars are compared with analytical calculations.
Utilization of Vacuum-Formed Plastic Membranes for the Production of Lightened HPC Panels
Authors: Řepka Jakub , Vlach Tomáš , Laiblová Lenka , Jirkalová Zuzana , Hájek Petr
Published: June 2019

This paper describes the utilization of vacuum-formed plastic membranes for the production of lightened panels made of high-performance concrete with technical textile reinforcement. The use of vacuum-formed plastic membranes is aimed to reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of production of concrete elements with highly profiled surface. Studded plastic membrane is cheap alternative to silicone or steel and while it provides slightly lower precision of manufacturing it surpasses especially the steel alternative in the terms of demoulding, since it has not sharp edges and can be easily bended.Second part of the article focuses on the limitations given by the lightening and the approach to reduce them while maintaining the reduction of material usage. The cross-section weakened by lightening in comparison to the un-lightened specimens leads to earlier development of cracks in concrete matrix and lower ultimate bending strength caused by shear failure of the lightened cross-section. The development of cracks in concrete matrix cannot be easily controlled while maintaining the same level of lightening but by addition of another layer of the reinforcement it is possible to achieve similar ultimate bending strength as in the case of elements with full cross-section and same thickness.
Experimental Assessment of the Influence of Multiple Cyclic Loading on Selected Properties of Lightweight Concrete
Authors: Misák Petr , Kocáb Dalibor , Alexa Martin , Kucharczyková Barbara , Daněk Petr , Halamová Romana
Published: June 2019

The paper deals with results of the experiment when ordinary and lightweight concrete was subjected to cyclic loading. Each test specimen was loaded with the force equivalent to one third of the expected compressive strength value similarly to the static modulus of elasticity test with the difference that the total number of loading cycles was nearly 4500. Dynamic modulus of elasticity and compressive strength was measured before and after cyclic loading. The result of this experiment is statistical analysis of the test results and assessment of the influence of multiple cyclic loading.
Influence of the Poisson’s Ratio on the Value of the Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Cement Materials in the Early Stage of Ageing
Authors: Halamová Romana , Kocáb Dalibor , Kucharczyková Barbara , Misák Petr , Alexa Martin
Published: June 2019

The paper deals with the influence of the Poisson’s ratio on the calculated modulus of elasticity of a cementitious composite in the early stage of its ageing. The dynamic modulus of elasticity was determined in the first 24 hours of ageing of the material using the Vikasonic ultrasonic device. Within the experiment, two types of cementitious composites were mixed - cement paste and cement mortar, both having the same water/cement ratio. It is presumed that the value of the dynamic modulus of elasticity calculated on the basis of ultrasonic measurement is closely related to the value of the Poisson’s ratio, which is not constant during ageing of the cementitious composite but varies depending on the degree of hydration of the material. The output of the paper is a comparison of the development of the dynamic modulus of elasticity calculated using different values of the Poisson’s ratio.
Fracture Response of Fine-Grained Cement-Based Composite Specimens with Special Inclusions
Authors: Vyhlídal Michal , Rozsypalová Iva , Majda Tomáš , Daněk Petr , Šimonová Hana , Kucharczyková Barbara , Keršner Zbyněk
Published: June 2019

This paper concerns research into the importance of the interfacial transition zone around inclusions of selected materials in fine-grained cement-based composite. Tests were performed on eight sets of prismatic test specimens. The sets differed in the inclusion materials used, which were placed at midspan above the initial central edge notch. The first was a reference set without any inclusion, the second contained a steel inclusion, four more contained different types of rock inclusion, the seventh contained an inclusion of extruded polystyrene, and the last contained a space of the same dimensions as that occupied by the inclusions in sets 2 to 7. The test specimens were subjected to three-point bending fracture tests at the age of (usually) 28 days. The fracture response was analysed by means of fracture mechanics theory, and apparent mechanical fracture parameters (modulus of elasticity, fracture toughness and fracture energy) were evaluated. The conclusion shows that a possible relationship exists between the differences in the mechanical fracture parameters of specimens with/without an inclusion and the existence of the interfacial transition zone.
Possibilities of Processing of Slag Aggregate from Heap Koněv
Authors: Prochazka Lukáš , Boháčová Jana
Published: June 2019

The aim of this work is to find out whether the slag aggregates from heap Koněv can be used in hydraulic mixtures based on traditional Portland cement as well as in alternative binders based on alkali activated blast furnace slag.In the experiment the basic physical-mechanical parameters of prepared mixtures were determined and the durability properties of these composites were verified. The composition of the aggregate extract and its influence on the properties of the prepared mixtures and the subsequent determination of the alkaline ions in slag aggregates were also verified.
Fracture Parameters of Concrete from Drill-Core Specimens from Objects at the Transgas Gas Control Center
Authors: Majda Tomáš , Daněk Petr , Frantík Petr , Šimonová Hana , Rovnaníková Pavla , Keršner Zbyněk
Published: June 2019

This paper presents the results of fracture tests conducted on nine concrete specimens from drill-cores taken from three selected objects located at the former Transgas Gas Control Center in Prague. The specimens were provided with a chevron notch before being tested in three-point bending. The evaluation included arithmetic mean values and basic statistics for the static modulus of elasticity, fracture toughness and specific fracture energy of the assessed concrete specimens.
Innate T Cells Govern Adipose Tissue Biology
Authors: LaMarche Nelson M. , Kohlgruber Ayano C. , Brenner Michael B.
Published: June 2019

During the past 25 y, the immune system has appeared as a key regulator of adipose tissue biology and metabolic homeostasis. In lean animals, adipose-resident leukocytes maintain an anti-inflammatory microenvironment that preserves the proper functioning of the tissue. In this review, we describe two populations of innate T cells enriched in adipose tissue, invariant NKT and γδ T cells, and how they serve overlapping and nonredundant roles in controlling adipose tissue functions. These cells interact with and expand anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells and M2 macrophages, thereby driving a metabolically beneficial tissue milieu. Surprisingly, we have found that adipose invariant NKT and γδ T cells also promote weight loss and heat production in a process called “nonshivering thermogenesis.” The data surrounding these two cell types highlight their powerful ability to regulate not only other leukocytes, but also tissue-wide processes that affect an entire organism.
Follicular B2 Cell Activation and Class Switch Recombination Depend on Autocrine C3ar1/C5ar1 Signaling in B2 Cells
Authors: Paiano Jacob , Harland Micah , Strainic Michael G. , Nedrud John , Hussain Wasim , Medof M. Edward
Published: June 2019

The involvement of complement in B2 cell responses has been regarded as occurring strictly via complement components in plasma. In this study, we show that Ab production and class switch recombination (CSR) depend on autocrine C3a and C5a receptor (C3ar1/C5ar1) signaling in B2 cells. CD40 upregulation, IL-6 production, growth in response to BAFF or APRIL, and AID/Bcl-6 expression, as well as follicular CD4+ cell CD21 production, all depended on this signal transduction. OVA immunization of C3ar1−/−C5ar1−/− mice elicited IgM Ab but no other isotypes, whereas decay accelerating factor (Daf1)−/− mice elicited more robust Ab production and CSR than wild-type (WT) mice. Comparable differences occurred in OVA-immunized μMT recipients of WT, C3ar1−/−C5ar1−/−, and Daf1−/− B2 cells and in hen egg lysozyme–immunized μMT recipients of MD4 B2 cells on each genetic background. B2 cells produced factor I and C3 and autophosphorylated CD19. Immunized C3−/−C5−/− recipients of WT MD4 bone marrow efficiently produced Ab. Thus, B2 cell–produced complement participates in B2 cell activation.
[Columba livia domestic breed, invasive entity also alien for Italy]
Authors: Boano Giovanni , Perco Fabio , Pavia Marco , Baldaccini Natale Emilio
Published: June 2019

[The Rock Dove (Columba livia) is a polytypic species originally confined to coastal and inland cliffs of western Palaearctic and northern Ethiopian regions and to those of Indian subcontinent. The present distribution is confused by extensions of range through hybridization with feral stock, which have determined its diffusion in geographical areas and environments that are very different and distant from the original ones, with a naturalized distribution now virtually cosmopolitan. Besides a substantial number of domestic breeds reared and maintained in this state, Columba livia is now represented by the original wild populations, generally in decline, and by feral populations, originated from abandoned or escaped domestic individuals. These populations developed above all, but no exclusively, in the cities, starting from the end of the XVIII century, with a further significant increase during the second post-war period, In this work, after having examined and discussed the distribution of the species resulting from the Pleistocene fossil findings and from the historical ornithological literature, we advance the hypothesis that wherever there are free-living populations showing phenotypic, biometric or genetic characteristics different from the wild morphotype, it is legitimate to consider these populations as an alien complex of domestic origin, to be controlled by culling and, when possible, eradicated. On the side-lines of this work, the Authors hope for a reconsideration of Italian names of this species.]

[Article in Italian]
Breeding bird communities in an area of the Northern Apennines (Piedmont, NW Italy)
Authors: Carpegna Franco , Soldato Giovanni , Toffoli Roberto
Published: June 2019

During the Spring of 2011, we studied the bird community in an area of Val Borbera, in the province of Alessandria (NW Italy). In the study area, situated at an altitude between 655 and 1700 m a.s.l., we conducted 110 points count ten minutes each in four microhabitats (agricultural areas, shrubs, forests, and prairies). In total, we surveyed 72 species, of which 51 were passerine and 21 non passerine. The most abundant species were Sylvia atricapilla, Phylloscopus collybita, Apus apus, and Turdus merula. In the agricultural areas, we detected a total of 50 species (Sylvia atricapilla, Parus major, Turdus merula were the most abundant). In the shrubs, we detected 30 species (Sylvia atricapilla, Parus major, Fringilla coelebs, Phylloscopus collybita, Turdus merula, Erithacus rubecula were the most abundant). In the forest areas, we found 45 species (Sylvia atricapilla, Parus major, Fringilla coelebs, Phylloscopus collybita, Turdus merula, Erithacus rubecula were the most abundant), and in the prairies, we detected 48 species (Alauda arvensis, Anthus campestris, Sylvia atricapilla, Turdus merula, Anthus trivialis, Sylvia communis were the most abundant). Compared to the other macro habitats, the agricultural areas have a significantly high abundance and richness in species, which highlights the importance of the agricultural mosaics in the Piedmont and mountain areas. The data which has been collected so far confirms the important role of this area, given the presence of some species which are rare at a regional scale.
The Birds of Italy 1. Anatidae – Alcidae
Authors: Ferlini Flavio
Published: June 2019

Not available
Indigo Naturalis (青黛) Comes from Blue, but It Excels Blue
Authors: Yao Tianwen , Yang Baican
Published: June 2019

Indigo naturalis (青黛) is also called “indigo flower,” “bright cyan,” and “cyan clam powder.” The alias “indigo flower” shows its complex progress about producing dyes. The alias “bright cyan” vividly displays the visual characteristics of indigo naturalis. Its another alias “cyan clam powder” implies its properties, flavors, and particular morphologic characteristics. The name of “indigo naturalis” emphasizes its wide use in ancient times to paint their eyebrows. Indigo naturalis, which comes from the Persian Kingdom, wins the favor and praise of customers in the respects of dye and cosmetics in both Eastern and Western Regions. It not only shows the infinite charm of dye culture in the Western Regions and provides a visual sensation for people, but also adds new color for Chinese medicine culture.
Construção e instrumentação de pavimentos asfálticos submetidos ao Simulador de Grande Porte (SGP)
Authors: Bastos Juceline Batista dos Santos , Soares Jorge Barbosa
Published: June 2019

A instrumentação com sensores é uma tecnologia relativamente recente para a pavimentação. Outra metodologia ainda embrionária no Brasil é o uso de simuladores de tráfego, no entanto, a sua utilização permite acelerar as falhas nos pavimentos em um curto espaço de tempo. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa visa apresentar a experiência quanto à construção, instrumentação e à aceleração das degradações nos pavimentos a partir da passagem de um Simulador de Grande Porte (SGP) no Ceará. Para isso, 02 trechos experimentais foram construídos e submetidos ao SGP, sendo 01 trecho devidamente instrumentado. Para avaliação dos dados obtidos pela instrumentação (pressão, deformação, umidade e temperatura), utilizou-se a programação Python. Por meio dos termopares foi possível perceber a concordância das temperaturas utilizadas em ensaios laboratoriais de materiais asfálticos, contemplando as temperaturas que ocorrem na parte inferior do revestimento asfáltico em campo. Os sensores de umidade indicaram que as camadas de base e sub-base apresentaram umidades cerca de 4% abaixo da umidade ótima. Os extensômetros e as células de carga permitiram determinar os valores de deformações e pressões. Por fim, incentiva-se o prosseguimento da coleta de dados por meio da instrumentação em campo, algo ainda incipiente no país.
Characteristics of wintertime VOCs in suburban and urban Beijing: concentrations, emission ratios, and festival effects
Authors: Li Kun , Li Junling , Tong Shengrui , Wang Weigang , Huang Ru-Jin , Ge Maofa
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were
performed at a suburban site and an urban site in Beijing during the winter
of 2014–2015. The VOC concentrations and emission ratios (ERs) to CO were
compared at these two sites. It is found that though the VOC concentrations
at the urban site are 2.67±1.15 times of those at the suburban site,
the ERs are similar (within a factor of 1.5). It is indicated that (1) the
VOCs at suburban areas are mainly from the transportation from the urban
areas and (2) the ERs measured at the urban areas are also valid for the
surrounding suburban areas. By comparing the diurnal variations and the
contribution of anthropogenic emissions at both sites, we find that the
photochemical processes are very active at the urban site, and these
processes play an important role in the daytime oxygenated VOC (OVOC)
formation. The methanol at the urban site and the formic acid at the
suburban site probably have additional sources, which are attributed to be
solvent use and soil/agriculture, respectively. The festival effects from
the Chinese New Year (CNY) were investigated. The VOC concentrations decreased
∼60 % during CNY holidays, probably due to the population
migration during festival holidays. In addition, fireworks are found to be
an important source of acetonitrile, aromatics, and some OVOCs during the CNY festival and should be controlled more strictly. This study provides key
characteristics of wintertime VOCs in suburban and urban Beijing and has
implications for better understanding the atmospheric chemistry of VOCs in
and around this megacity.
Organic signatures in Pleistocene cherts from Lake Magadi (Kenya) – implications for early Earth hydrothermal deposits
Authors: Reinhardt Manuel , Goetz Walter , Duda Jan-Peter , Heim Christine , Reitner Joachim , Thiel Volker
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Organic matter in Archean hydrothermal cherts may provide an
important archive for molecular traces of the earliest life on Earth. The
geobiological interpretation of this archive, however, requires a sound
understanding of organic matter preservation and alteration in hydrothermal
systems. Here we report on organic matter (including molecular
biosignatures) enclosed in hydrothermally influenced cherts of the
Pleistocene Lake Magadi (Kenya; High Magadi Beds and Green Beds). The Magadi
cherts contain low organic carbon (< 0.4 wt %) that occurs in
the form of finely dispersed clots, layers, or encapsulated within microscopic
carbonate rhombs. Both extractable (bitumen) and non-extractable organic
matter (kerogen) were analyzed. The bitumens contain immature “biolipids”
like glycerol mono- and diethers (e.g., archaeol and extended archaeol),
fatty acids, and alcohols indicative for, inter alia, thermophilic cyanobacteria,
sulfate reducers, and haloarchaea. However, co-occurring “geolipids” such
as n-alkanes, hopanes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) indicate
that a fraction of the bitumen has been thermally altered to early or peak
oil window maturity. This more mature fraction likely originated from
defunctionalization of dissolved organic matter and/or hydrothermal
petroleum formation at places of higher thermal flux. Like the bitumens, the
kerogens also show variations in thermal maturities, which can partly be
explained by admixture of thermally pre-altered macromolecules. However,
findings of archaea-derived isoprenoid moieties (C20 and C25
chains) in kerogen pyrolysates indicate rapid sequestration of some archaeal
lipids into kerogen while hydrothermal alteration was active. We posit that
such early sequestration may enhance the resistance of molecular
biosignatures against in situ hydrothermal and post-depositional alteration.
Furthermore, the co-occurrence of organic matter with different thermal
maturities in the Lake Magadi cherts suggests that similar findings in
Archean hydrothermal deposits could partly reflect original environmental
conditions and not exclusively post-depositional overprint or
contamination. Our results support the view that kerogen in Archean
hydrothermal cherts may contain important information on early life. Our
study also highlights the suitability of Lake Magadi as an analog system for hydrothermal chert environments on the Archean Earth.
Evaluating the impact of atmospheric forcing and air–sea coupling on near-coastal regional ocean prediction
Authors: Lewis Huw W. , Siddorn John , Castillo Sanchez Juan Manuel , Petch Jon , Edwards John M. , Smyth Tim
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Atmospheric forcing applied as ocean model boundary conditions can
have a critical impact on the quality of ocean forecasts. This paper assesses
the sensitivity of an eddy-resolving (1.5 km resolution) regional ocean
model of the north-west European Shelf (NWS) to the choice of atmospheric forcing
and atmosphere–ocean coupling. The analysis is focused on a month-long
simulation experiment for July 2014 and evaluation of simulated sea surface
temperature (SST) in a shallow near-coastal region to the south-west of the
UK (Celtic Sea and western English Channel). Observations of the ocean and
atmosphere are used to evaluate model results, with a particular focus on the
L4 ocean buoy from the Western Channel Observatory as a rare example of
co-located data above and below the sea surface. The impacts of differences in the atmospheric forcing are illustrated by
comparing results from an ocean model run in forcing mode using operational
global-scale numerical weather prediction (NWP) data with an ocean model run
forced by a convective-scale regional atmosphere model. The value of
dynamically representing feedbacks between the atmosphere and ocean state is
assessed via the use of these model components within a fully coupled
ocean–wave–atmosphere system. Simulated SSTs show considerable sensitivity to atmospheric forcing and to the
impact of model coupling in near-coastal areas. A warm ocean bias relative to
in situ observations in the simulation forced by global-scale NWP (0.7 K in
the model domain) is shown to be reduced (to 0.4 K) via the use of the
1.5 km resolution regional atmospheric forcing. When simulated in coupled
mode, this bias is further reduced (by 0.2 K). Results demonstrate much greater variability of both the surface heat budget
terms and the near-surface winds in the convective-scale atmosphere model data,
as might be expected. Assessment of the surface heat budget and wind forcing
over the ocean is challenging due to a scarcity of observations. However, it can be demonstrated that the wind speed over the ocean simulated by the
convective-scale atmosphere did not agree as well with the limited number of observations
as the global-scale NWP data did. Further partially coupled
experiments are discussed to better understand why the degraded wind forcing
does not detrimentally impact on SST results.
Going with the floe: tracking CESM Large Ensemble sea ice in the Arctic provides context for ship-based observations
Authors: DuVivier Alice K. , DeRepentigny Patricia , Holland Marika M. , Webster Melinda , Kay Jennifer E. , Perovich Don
Published: June 2019

Abstract. In recent decades, Arctic sea ice has shifted toward younger, thinner, seasonal ice regime. Studying and understanding this “New” Arctic will be the focus of a year-long ship campaign beginning in autumn 2019. Lagrangian tracking of sea ice floes in the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CESM-LE) allow for understanding conditions that a floe will experience throughout the calendar year. These model tracks can assist with campaign planning, put into context a single year of observations, and provide guidance on how observations can help with model development. The modelled floe tracks show a Transpolar Drift trajectory is likely, providing guidance for coordinating satellite, airborne, and ground observations. However, there is a smaller possibility of high-risk tracks, including possible melt of the floe before the end of a calendar year. Because of high variability in the melt season sea ice conditions, we recommend in-situ sampling over a large range of ice conditions for a more complete understanding of how ice type or surface condition affect processes. We find that sea ice predictability emerges rapidly during the autumn freeze-up and anticipate that process-based observations during this period may help elucidate the processes leading to this change in predictability. Accurate seasonal cycle comparison of sea ice conditions between point-based observations a model requires the model to use a Lagrangian framework.
Representación gráfica imposible, la Agricultura Familiar en las áreas de secano de Río Negro, Argentina
Authors: Michel Carolina Lara , Nuñez Paula
Published: June 2019

El diseño de un modelo de desarrollo económico se realiza por múltiples agencias, que adoptan distintas herramientas de representación gráfica, como cartografías, fotografías o esquemas. Esta representación es una herramienta performativa, en tanto propone un hacer a partir de esa síntesis visual. En el presente trabajo cruzamos sentidos del poblamiento y representación de la producción rural de la provincia de Río Negro, Patagonia argentina, en una de las actividades históricamente subalternizada, la producción de pequeña escala de la Agricultura Familiar en las áreas de secano. Esta producción en los últimos años ha tenido un fuerte reconocimiento por parte del Estado Nacional. Revisaremos la representación cartográfica presente en planificaciones estatales de la última década (2006-2015) que buscó generar alternativas al proceso de despoblamiento patagónico y envejecimiento poblacional. Observaremos la forma en que la síntesis visual oculta los sesgos de la mirada desde la cual se elabora.
La enseñanza escolar del tiempo atmosférico y del clima en España: currículo educativo y propuestas didácticas
Authors: Martínez Fernández Luis Carlos , Olcina Cantos Jorge
Published: June 2019

El clima es el conjunto de mecanismos y procesos atmosféricos percibidos y vividos por el ser humano -el ambiente permanente que se da en un lugar concreto- más la explicación de sus causas -la sucesión de tipos de tiempo-. Su enseñanza en los niveles educativos básicos no deja de esconder cierta complejidad, debiéndose apostar por una selección adecuada de contenidos y de prácticas docentes para no convertir lo que, sin duda, es un tema atractivo y de actualidad en un estudio memorístico carente de reflexión. Partiendo del análisis y la valoración de los contenidos curriculares que sobre tiempo y clima se imparten en la educación obligatoria, se repasan los recursos y tipos de actividades utilizados en el aula, planteándose algunas propuestas didácticas con las que mejorar la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Climatología escolar, para cuyo diseño y adaptación pedagógica se ha contado con el obligado concurso de maestros y profesores.
Accesibilidad a equipamientos según movilidad y modos de transporte en una ciudad media, Los Ángeles, Chile
Authors: Rojas Quezada Carolina , Martínez Bascuñán Marcela , De la Fuente Contreras Helen , Schäfer Faulbaum Andrés , Aguilera Saéz Felipe , Fuentes Mella Gloria , Peyrín Fuentes Consuelo , Carrasco Montagna Cruz Juan
Published: June 2019

La relación entre distribución de equipamientos y servicios en sus diferentes ni-veles de accesibilidad según modos de transporte, muestra una serie de patrones espaciales de movilidad en la ciudad de Los Ángeles (Chile). El estudio analiza la accesibilidad a equipamientos colectivos en modos de transporte, mediante una serie indicadores cuantitativos, utilizando análisis de redes. Se emplean datos de viajes en modos de transporte privado, público y caminata, de la encuesta Origen-Destino (2004). Los resultados evidencian diferencias en la accesibilidad entre el centro y periferia de Los Ángeles. De hecho, la población del centro tiene alta acce-sibilidad, concentrando las mayores y mejores oportunidades. En contraste, la po-blación periférica en crecimiento que, en su mayoría, viaja largas distancias para acceder, especialmente en caminata. Este análisis contribuye a discutir sobre las implicancias de las oportunidades y el papel del transporte en la movilidad de ciu-dades medias de Latinoamérica con un centro preponderante.
Reforma del sector de la seguridad en el Líbano: Consociacionalismo, securitización o democratización
Authors: Lion Bustillo Francisco Javier
Published: June 2019

Tradicionalmente, las Fuerzas Armadas Libanesas (FAL) han servido más para el control de la población que para la defensa del país. Por su parte, tanto las FAL como las numerosas agencias de seguridad existentes han sido distribuidas entre los distintos partidos de acuerdo con cuotas de afiliación confesional, aplicando el modelo consociacional característico del Líbano. Además, existen distintos actores no estatales dotados de un importante armamento, si bien algunos de ellos (como es el caso de Hezbollah) colaboran con las FAL componiendo un modelo de gobernanza bastante peculiar. Desde la salida de las tropas sirias en 2005, el país se ha visto dividido en lo relativo a cómo afrontar una reforma del sector de la seguridad. Mientras algunos actores han querido mantener el statu quo (con el apoyo sirio o iraní), otros deseaban únicamente el desarme de Hezbollah (respaldados por Estados Unidos y Arabia Saudí). El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en evaluar hasta qué punto las reformas efectuadas han contribuido a la creación de un sector de la seguridad ajustado a las exigencias de un régimen democrático, capaz de garantizar la paz interior, la neutralidad política y la defensa del país.
La serie RRC 441 NERI Q. VRB, una emisión de la ciudad de Roma
Authors: Amela Valverde Luis
Published: June 2019

La serie monetal RRC 441/1 fue emitida a inicios del año 49 a.C. cuando había ya estalla-do la guerra civil entre C. Julio César (cos. I 59 a.C.) y el Senado. Significado y lugar de acuñación.
Antiguas letras para un arte nuevo: escritura, memoria y publicidad en el sepulcro del cardenal Juan de Cervantes en la catedral de Sevilla (1454-1458)
Authors: Mestre Navas Pablo Alberto
Published: June 2019

En la Capilla de San Hermenegildo de la Catedral de Sevilla se conserva el sepulcro que Lorenzo Mercadante tallara entre 1454-1458 para albergar los restos del cardenal Juan de Cervantes, destacado prelado que participó en los concilios de Siena y Basilea. El objeto de estudio de este artículo se vertebra en torno al programa epigráfico que se ideó para perpetuar el recuerdo de este ilustre prelado hispalense. Para ello, se han empleado diferentes fuentes documentales y bibliográficas, con las que se ha podido contextualizar todo lo concerniente a la fundación de la capilla sepulcral y las posibles con-notaciones que la relacionan con el mensaje epigráfico. Como en otros monumentos funerarios de la Castilla del siglo XV, el sepulcro del cardenal Juan de Cervantes constituye una importante aportación al panorama necrológico del momento, al concentrar, en el mismo espacio, dos modelos gráficos dife-rentes: el humanístico y el gótico. La escritura empleada en el epitafio sepulcral y en la suscripción del autor, se relacionan con otros monumentos coetáneos procedentes de Castilla e Italia, ejemplos que demuestran la importación de nuevas sensibilidades estéticas vinculadas a la escritura.
Los medallones constantinianos con la leyenda Gloria saeculi. Virtus Caess (RCC 279): estudio de su cronología e iconografía
Authors: Moreno Resano Esteban
Published: June 2019

El medallón de bronce de Constantino RIC Rom. 279 fue datado por A. Alföldi en el año 326. Sin embargo, el análisis de su iconografía, puesta en relación con las fuentes numismáticas, epi-gráficas y literarias de la época, revela que de esta pieza se acuñaron dos series, la primera en 329, para conmemorar la campaña contra los godos de ese año, y la segunda en 332, para celebrar la definitiva rendición de este pueblo germánico. La representación de su reverso parece haberse inspirado en la obra del poeta Optaciano Porfirio, rehabilitado por el emperador en 329.
Escribir al rey: la comunicación de las ciudades realengas de la meseta castellana con la Corona en la Baja Edad Media
Authors: Puñal Fernández Tomás
Published: June 2019

Este trabajo analiza las formas y motivos de la comunicación entre las ciudades y la Corona en la meseta castellana. Para ello hemos consultado básicamente registros, actas y libros de acuerdos de algunos de los concejos realengos más representativos del valle del Duero y del Tajo, como Burgos, Soria, Ávila, Valladolid, Palencia, Guadalajara, Madrid y Toledo. Esta documentación demuestra que cuando los súbditos se dirigían al rey los procedimientos administrativos eran similares a través de un sistema escrito coordinado desde las respectivas escribanías mayores mediante formularios cargados de simbolismo político. Una realidad que creemos poder hacer extensible al resto de las ciudades de la Corona de Castilla.
The Book Circle: Black Women Readers and Middlebrow Taste in Chicago, 1943–1953
Authors: Unger Mary I.
Published: June 2019

This article offers a case study of the Book Circle, a black women's reading group on Chicago's South Side, from 1943 to 1953. It demonstrates how the group recruited literary reception—specifically middlebrow taste—as a way to lobby for racial equality in the postwar era. In doing so, the Book Circle makes visible a group of twentieth-century black readers historically rendered invisible, as Elizabeth McHenry and others have shown. In this way, this article argues, recovering the Book Circle helps us further document the legacy of black women readers—from nineteenth-century literary clubs to black feminist consciousness-raising groups in the 1960s through the 1980s—who turned to reading as a strategy for social transformation.
Diários na EJA: leitura literária de Quarto de despejo, de Carolina Maria de Jesus
Authors: Rodrigues Silmara , Alves Santos Luciane
Published: June 2019

Este trabalho sintetiza uma prática docente realizada com turmas de ciclo IV da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), em uma escola da rede pública da capital paraibana, em 2017. Essa proposta atendia a um requisito do Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Letras, resultando em uma Dissertação de Mestrado e compreendendo a realização de sequência básica de letramento literário (COSSON, 2014), assim como observação e análise da produção de diários de leitura pelos estudantes (MACHADO, 2005; ROUXEL, 2012). Com a pesquisa e a intervenção pedagógica em questão, buscou-se promover a leitura literária na EJA por meio de Quarto de despejo, de Carolina Maria de Jesus. O conjunto das produções dos alunos demonstrou que o exercício da escrita de diários de leitura pode desenvolver a expressão de pontos de vista mais críticos e a apreensão da linguagem literária, prezando a subjetividade leitora.
O desenvolvimento de gênero do discurso argumentativo no ensino superior: uma proposta teórico-metodológica
Authors: Striquer Marilúcia Dos Santos Domingos , Menegassi Renilson José
Published: June 2019

Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar uma proposta teórico-metodológica para o trabalho com a produção textual de gênero do discurso argumentativo, no ensino superior. Sustentada pela concepção dialógica de linguagem, originária dos preceitos do Círculo de Bakhtin, e pelos princípios da vertente didática do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo, a proposta é uma ampliação do que foi realizado na formação de graduandos do curso de Letras para a execução do projeto PIBID. Após análise de textos-diagnósticos produzidos pelos graduandos, uma sequência didática foi elaborada e implementada. A produção final dos acadêmicos demonstrou que a proposta contribuiu para que o texto deixasse de ser apenas um gênero acadêmico constituído como processo e produto da verificação docente do ensino e aprendizado de conteúdos para se tornar materialização de uma prática social instituída em uma situação de interação específica.
O recurso aos memes em diferentes padrões de gêneros à luz da Linguística Textual
Authors: Cavalcante Mônica Magalhães , De Oliveira Rafael Lima
Published: June 2019

A presente pesquisa propõe descrever e definir a prática linguageira dos memes na internet, analisando-os a partir dos critérios definidores dos gêneros do discurso segundo os pressupostos de Bakhtin, de Miller, de Bazerman e de Rojo, para compreender como e com que propósito surgiram os memes, e como estes se constituem em um percurso histórico na internet. Para tanto, utilizaremos os pressupostos teóricos de Bakhtin (2003) e Bazerman (2009) e a noção de gêneros emergentes de Marcuschi (2004) e Lima-Neto (2014), além da compreensão dos processos intertextuais com base em Cavalcante, Carvalho e Faria (2017). A partir de nossa análise, argumentamos que, por coerência com a noção de gênero que sustentamos, os memes não poderiam constituir um único e mesmo gênero do discurso, pois podem compor uma diversidade de práticas discursivas, nem todas com uma nomeação estabilizada socialmente. 

Palavras-chave: Gêneros discursivos; Meme; Viralização; Intertextualidade
Sobre ensinar a ler: um olhar às múltiplas semioses e discursos implicados na construção dos sentidos
Authors: Crestani Luciana Maria , Cayser Elisane Regina , Sartori Karen
Published: June 2019

Para formar leitores plenos, é preciso ensinar a ler. Isso significa ensinar o que olhar nos textos, de modo a compreender sentidos relacionados às escolhas discursivas e enunciativas materializadas por meio de diferentes sistemas semióticos. Sob essa ótica, neste artigo propomos a análise de dois gêneros textuais distintos – um verbal e outro sincrético – no intuito de observar os principais elementos semióticos implicados na construção dos sentidos desses textos, bem como as relações dialógicas que entre eles se estabelecem. Mais especificamente, procuramos explicitar, a partir dos elementos da materialidade textual (palavras e imagens), os temas veiculados pela constituição figurativa e as diferentes posições discursivas assumidas pelos narradores em relação ao assunto, evidenciando, assim, o diálogo entre os textos. Preceitos bakhtinianos e da semiótica discursiva ancoram o estudo ora proposto.
Panorama de la energía renovable en Centroamérica
Authors: Young, El Salvador S.A. de C.V. Ernst &
Published: June 2019

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 6, 2018: 13-25
El crowdfunding como fuente de financiamiento para emprendimientos sociales en El Salvador
Authors: Canales Caleb , García Yuri , Girón Lawrence , Domínguez Gerson , Henríquez Diana
Published: June 2019

No abstract available.
 
Realidad Empresarial No. 6, 2018: 41-50
ENLACE: conexión de la microempresa y recursos del sistema financiero de El Salvador
Authors: Flores Elías Juan Carlos
Published: June 2019

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 6, 2018: 55-57
Retos de la industria: banca tradicional vrs fintech
Authors: Young, El Salvador, S.A. de C.V. Ernst &
Published: June 2019

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 7, 2019: 9-13
TOONIC un emprendimiento con corazón de artesano
Authors: España José , Rivera Cecilia
Published: June 2019

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 7, 2019: 32-34