bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic review: interventions to quit tobacco products for young adults
Authors: Park Eunhee , Zhou Yanjun , Chen Chiahui , Chacko Thomas , Mahoney Martin , Chang Yu-Ping
Published: June 2023

Background

Young adulthood is an important period for smoking cessation; however, there is limited evidence of smoking-cessation interventions for young adults. The aims of this study were to identify evidence-based smoking-cessation strategies for young adults, examine gaps in the literature regarding smoking cessation among young adults, and discuss methodological issues/challenges related to smoking-cessation studies for young adults.

Methods

Studies tested interventions for smoking cessation among young adults (18 to 26 years old), excluding pilot studies. Five main search engines were used, including PubMed, the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. The search was conducted for articles published from January 2009 to December 2019. Intervention characteristics and cessation outcomes were reviewed, and methodological quality was evaluated.

Results

A total of 14 articles met inclusion criteria, including randomized controlled studies and repeated cross-sectional studies. Interventions included the following: text messaging (4/14, 28.6%), social media use (2/14, 14.3%), web-or app-based intervention (2/14, 14.3%), telephone counseling (1/14, 7.1%), in-person counseling (3/14, 21.4%), pharmacological (1/14, 7.1%), and self-help booklet (1/14, 7.1%). The intervention duration and frequency of contact with participants differed and yielded varied outcomes.

Conclusions

Multiple interventions have been examined to aid young adults in achieving smoking cessation. While several approaches seem promising, at the present time, the published literature is inconclusive about the type of intervention that is most effective for young adults. Future studies should compare the relative effectiveness of these intervention modalities.
Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among parents of children with autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Al Saad Ali Jawad , Alhassan Ghadeer Mohammed , Albedaiwi Maryam Saleh , Alqattan Fatimah Fathi , Aleisa Fatimah Ali , Alabdulmuhsin Hawra Wasel
Published: June 2023

Background

Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination was noticed to be less common among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders. This study aimed to explore the beliefs and willingness of parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders about COVID-19 vaccine and understand how certain factors influencing the vaccine decision-making process differ between them and other parents’ groups.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted between August to November 2021. An Arabic online survey was distributed in August 2021 to collect the study’s data. 400 parents from all the major regions in Saudi Arabia participated in and shared their beliefs about the new COVID-19 vaccination for their children.

Results

Out of 400 participants, 381 of them were eligible to answer the survey (95.2%). The total number of parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorder was 158 (41.5%), was compared to responses of parents of heathy children 223 (58.5%). 85 (53.8%) of them were ready to vaccinate their children with COVID-19 vaccine. While 36 (22.8%) were hesitant, the rest 37 (23.4%) did not want to vaccinate their children at all. Only a small number 16 (10.1%) have beliefs of vaccines as a cause of their child’s neurodevelopmental disorder. A total of 79 out of 131 responses were received from both parents’ groups. Fear of long-term side-effects was the most common reason reported by 41 responders out of 64 (64.06%) from parents of healthy children and 38 responders out of 67 (56.71%) from parents of diagnosed children. Another reason reported by parents of younger children in both groups was the child’s age. Having a healthcare relative worker was significantly associated with the vaccine decision making (p < .001).

Conclusion

The acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccination of parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders was low compared to the parents of healthy children in Saudi Arabia. Authorities can benefit from this study results to offer more accessible information about the vaccine importance and safety to the targeted population.
Patterns in the prevalence and wealth-based inequality of cervical cancer screening in India
Authors: Muthuramalingam M. R. , Muraleedharan V. R.
Published: June 2023

Background

Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of deaths due to cancer among women in India. This study assesses the prevalence of cervical cancer screening among women in the 30 to 49 years age-group and its relation to demographic, social and economic factors. The equity in the prevalence of screening is studied with respect to the women’s household wealth.

Methods

Data from the fifth National Family Health Survey are analyzed. The adjusted odds ratio is used to assess the prevalence of screening. The Concentration Index (CIX) and the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) are analyzed to assess the inequality.

Results

The average national prevalence of cervical cancer screening is found to be 1.97% (95% C.I, 1.8–2.1), ranging from 0.2% in West Bengal and Assam to 10.1% in Tamil Nadu. Screening is significantly more prevalent among the following demographics: educated, higher age group, Christian, scheduled caste, Government health insurance coverage, and high household wealth. Significantly lower prevalence is found among Muslim women, women from scheduled tribes, general category castes, non-Government health insurance coverage, high parity, and those who use oral contraceptive pills and tobacco. Marital status, place of residence, age at first sexual activity, and IUD usage are not significant influencers. At the national level, CIX (0.22 (95% C.I, 0.20–0.24)) and SII (0.018 (95% C.I, 0.015–0.020)) indicate significantly higher prevalence of screening among women from the wealthier quintiles. Significantly higher screening prevalence among wealthier quintiles in the North-East (0.1), West (0.21) and Southern (0.05) regions and among the poor quintiles in the Central (-0.05) region. Equiplot analysis shows a “top inequality pattern” in the North, North-East and Eastern regions, with overall low performance where the rich alone manage to avail screening. The Southern region exhibits an overall progress in screening prevalence with the exception of the poorest quintile, which is left behind. Pro-poor inequality exists in the Central region, with significantly higher prevalence of screening among poor.

Conclusion

The prevalence of cervical cancer screening is very low (2%) in India. Cervical cancer screening is substantially higher among women with education and Government Health insurance coverage. Wealth-based inequality exists in the prevalence of cervical cancer screening and the prevalence is concentrated among the women from wealthier quintiles.
Novel insights into mutual regulation between N6-methyladenosine modification and LncRNAs in tumors
Authors: Zhang Nan , Sun Yifei , Mei Zongqin , He Zuoshun , Gu Shiyan
Published: June 2023

N6-methyladenosine (m6A), one of the most common RNA methylation modifications, has emerged in recent years as a new layer of the regulatory mechanism controlling gene expression in eukaryotes. As a reversible epigenetic modification, m6A not only occurs on mRNAs but also on Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs). As we all known, despite LncRNAs cannot encode proteins, they affect the expression of proteins by interacting with mRNAs or miRNAs, thus playing important roles in the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors. Up to now, it has been widely accepted that m6A modification on LncRNAs affects the fate of the corresponding LncRNAs. Interestingly, levels and functions of m6A modifications are also mediated by LncRNAs through affecting the m6A methyltransferases (METTL3, METTL14, WTAP, METTL16, etc.), demethylases (FTO, ALKBH5) and methyl-binding proteins (YTHDFs, YTHDCs, IGF2BPs, HNRNPs, etc.), which are collectively referred to as “m6A regulators”. In this review, we summarized the mutual regulation mechanisms between N6-methyladenosine modification and LncRNAs in cancer progression, metastasis, invasion and drug resistance. In detail, we focus on the specific mechanisms of m6A modification, which is mediated by methyltransferases and demethylases, involves in the regulation of LncRNA levels and functions in the first part. And section two intensively displays the mediation roles of LncRNAs in m6A modification via changing the regulatory proteins. At last part, we described the interaction effects between LncRNAs and methyl-binding proteins of m6A modification during various tumor occurrence and development.
Methodological procedures for priority setting mental health research: a systematic review summarising the methods, designs and frameworks involved with priority setting
Authors: Deering Kris , Brimblecombe Neil , Matonhodze Jane C. , Nolan Fiona , Collins Daniela A. , Renwick Laoise
Published: June 2023

Background

Research priority setting aims to identify research gaps within particular health fields. Given the global burden of mental illness and underfunding of mental health research compared to other health topics, knowledge of methodological procedures may raise the quality of priority setting to identify research with value and impact. However, to date there has been no comprehensive review on the approaches adopted with priority setting projects that identify mental health research, despite viewed as essential knowledge to address research gaps. Hence, the paper presents a summary of the methods, designs, and existing frameworks that can be adopted for prioritising mental health research to inform future prioritising projects.

Method

A systematic review of electronic databases located prioritisation literature, while a critical interpretive synthesis was adopted whereby the appraisal of methodological procedures was integrated into the synthesis of the findings. The synthesis was shaped using the good practice checklist for priority setting by Viergever and colleagues drawing on their following categories to identify and appraise methodological procedures: (1) Comprehensive Approach—frameworks/designs guiding the entire priority setting; (2) Inclusiveness –participation methods to aid the equal contribution of stakeholders; (3) Information Gathering—data collecting methods to identify research gaps, and (4) Deciding Priorities—methods to finalise priorities.

Results

In total 903 papers were located with 889 papers removed as either duplicates or not meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. 14 papers were identified, describing 13 separate priority setting projects. Participatory approaches were the dominant method adopted but existing prioritisation frameworks were modified with little explanation regarding the rationale, processes for adaptation and theoretical foundation. Processes were predominately researcher led, although with some patient involvement. Surveys and consensus building methods gathered information while ranking systems and thematic analysis tend to generate finalised priorities. However, limited evidence found about transforming priorities into actual research projects and few described plans for implementation to promote translation into user-informed research.

Conclusion

Prioritisation projects may benefit from justifying the methodological approaches taken to identify mental health research, stating reasons for adapting frameworks alongside reasons for adopting particular methods, while finalised priorities should be worded in such a way as to facilitate their easy translation into research projects.
A cost-effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 critical care interventions in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a modeling study
Authors: Beshah Senait Alemayehu , Zeru Arega , Tadele Wogayehu , Defar Atkure , Getachew Theodros , Fekadu Assebe Lelisa
Published: June 2023

Objective

To estimate and compare the cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 critical care intervention approaches: noninvasive (oxygen without intubation) and invasive (intubation) management in Ethiopia.

Methods

A Markov model is used to compare the costs and outcomes for non-invasive and invasive COVID-19 clinical interventions using both primary and secondary data sources. Healthcare provider costs (recurrent and capital cost) and patient-side costs (direct and indirect) were estimated and reported in United States Dollars (US$), 2021. The outcome measure used in this analysis was DALYs averted. Both the average cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were reported. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were applied to assess the robustness of the findings. The analysis is conducted using Tree Age pro health care software 2022.

Result

The average cost per patient per episode for mild/moderate, severe, noninvasive, and invasive critical management was $951, $3449, $5514, and $6500, respectively. According to the average cost-effective ratio (ACER), non-invasive management resulted in $1991 per DALY averted, while invasive management resulted in $3998 per DALY averted. Similarly, the incremental cost-effective ratio (ICER) of invasive compared to noninvasive management was $ 4948 per DALY averted.

Conclusion

Clinical management of critical COVID-19 cases in Ethiopia is associated with a significant financial burden. Invasive intervention is unlikely to be a cost-effective COVID-19 intervention in Ethiopia compared to noninvasive critical case management using a willingness to pay threshold of three times GDP per capita.
Effect of neurogenic bowel dysfunction symptoms on quality of life after a spinal cord injury
Authors: Khadour Fater A. , Khadour Younes A. , Xu Jiang , Meng Ling , Cui Lixin , Xu Tao
Published: June 2023

Background

Neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) is a common problem among people with spinal injury; management of bowel dysfunction and related problems are considered significant factors in daily life after injury. But despite the critical relevance of bowel dysfunction in the daily life of SCI survivors, there have been few published studies on the management of NBD. So, this study aimed to describe the bowel programmers utilized by people with SCI in China and the impact of bowel dysfunction on the quality of life (QoL).

Design

A cross-sectional online survey.

Setting

Rehabilitation Medicine Department of Wuhan’s Tongji Hospital.

Participants

SCI patients who had been diagnosed with neurogenic bowel dysfunction and who were receiving regular medical monitoring at the rehabilitation medicine department were invited to participate in our study.

Outcome measures

A neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) score is a questionnaire developed to evaluate the severity of neurogenic bowel dysfunction. A Short Form-12 (SF-12) was designed to measure the quality of life in people with SCI. Demographic and medical status information was extracted from their medical records.

Results

The two questionnaires were sent to 413 SCI patients. Two hundred ninety-four subjects (43.1 ± 14.5 years of age; men, 71.8%) responded. Most of the respondents performed their bowel movement daily 153 (52.0%), a defecation time was 31–60 min among 70 (23.8%) of them, 149 (50.7%) used medication (drops or liquid) to treat constipation, and 169 (57.5%) used digital stimulation more than once per week to boost the bowel evacuation. This study found a significant association between the QoL score and the time used for each defecation, autonomic dysreflexia (AD) symptoms, taking medication to treat fecal incontinence, using digital stimulation, having uncontrollable flatus and perianal skin problems.

Conclusion

Management of bowel dysfunction is complex and associated with QoL in people with SCI. Items of the NBD questionnaire that greatly deteriorated the QoL were time in one defecation > 60 min, symptoms of AD during or before defecation, taking medication (drops or liquid), and using digital stimulation. Dealing with those problems can improve the life quality of spinal cord injury survivors.
Efficacy of ozone therapy on visual evoked potentials in diabetic patients
Authors: Izadi Morteza , Javanbakht Mohammad , Sarafzadeh Ali , Einollahi Behzad , Futuhi Farzaneh , Vahedi Zahra , Zhao Shi , Jonaidi-Jafari Nematollah , Hosseini Mahboobeh Sadat , Nejad Javad Hosseini , Naeimi Effat , Saadat Seyed Hassan , Ghaleh Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin , Fazel Mozhgan , Einollahi Zahra , Cegolon Luca
Published: June 2023

Background

The involvement of the central nervous system is a frequent yet underestimated complication of diabetes mellitus. Visual evoked potentials (VEP) are a simple, sensitive, and noninvasive method for detecting early alterations in central optic pathways. The objective of this paralleled randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the impact of ozone therapy on visual pathways in diabetic patients.

Methods

Sixty patients with type 2 diabetes visiting clinics of Baqiyatallah university in Tehran (Iran) hospital were randomly assigned to two experimental groups: Group 1 (N = 30) undergoing a cycle of 20 sessions of systemic oxygen-ozone therapy in addition to standard therapy for metabolic control; Group 2 (N = 30)—serving as control—receiving only standard therapy against diabetes. The primary study endpoints were two VEP parameters; P100 wave latency and P100 amplitude at 3 months. Moreover, HbA1c levels were measured before the start of treatment and three months later as secondary study endpoint.

Results

All 60 patients completed the clinical trial. P100 latency significantly reduced at 3 months since baseline. No correlation was found between repeated measures of P100 wave latency and HbA1c (Pearson’s r = 0.169, p = 0.291). There was no significant difference between baseline values and repeated measures of P100 wave amplitude over time in either group. No adverse effects were recorded.

Conclusions

Ozone therapy improved the conduction of impulses in optic pathways of diabetic patients. The improved glycemic control following ozone therpay may not fully explain the reduction of P100 wave latency though; other mechanistic effects of ozone may be involved.
Developing a distributed acoustic sensing seismic land streamer: Concept and validation
Authors: Pandey Adesh , Shragge Jeffrey , Chambers Derrick , Girard Aaron J.
Published: June 2023

Motivated by existing cabled seismic land-streamer designs, we develop a distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) land-streamer system for high-resolution near-surface seismic data acquisition. The system consists of a DAS interrogator unit (IU), a fiber-optic cable attached beneath a fire-hose assembly for environmental isolation and improved fiber-ground coupling, and a vehicle-mounted accelerated weight-drop source. The DAS land streamer is easily deployed and towed along the ground surface, allowing for spatially dense data acquisition. We report two field tests with the developed hardware to evaluate the DAS land-streamer performance. The first test investigates the effects of hose weight on the surface-deployed fiber and indicates that this approach improves fiber-ground coupling and leads to an improved signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). The second test demonstrates that the DAS land streamer records waveforms with similar phase and moveouts as those recorded by horizontal geophones but offers a higher native spatial density advantage than standard geophone arrays, leading to spatially dense waveforms, improved S/N after postprocessing, and superior surface-wave acquisition array mobility. Our findings suggest that a DAS land streamer is a promising alternative to traditional geophone-based surveys and may offer several advantages, such as faster survey acquisition speed and lower field costs due to reduced acquisition hardware requirements. However, methodological limitations include recording a single horizontal ground-motion component, a dependence on favorable fiber-ground coupling conditions, and the upfront cost of IU procurement. A DAS land streamer may be useful in numerous subsurface applications, such as (pseudo) 1D multichannel analysis of surface waves or 2D surface-wave inversion for S-wave velocity model estimation for geophysical, geologic, geotechnical, and environmental investigations.
Excitement
Authors: Marder Elissa
Published: June 2023

In “Cradling,” a chapter of Baudelaire and Freud, Leo Bersani shows how desire rocks the self. Desire always manifests as a movement that draws the self both toward and away from the object that excites it. Rocking simultaneously invokes infantile erotic enjoyment, an adult sexual act, and the way that fantasy images travel in time and create new temporalities. This essay links Bersani’s 1977 reading of Baudelaire’s poem “Hair” with his later work by showing that when the sexual power of fantasy is denied, it often returns in the form of a fantasy of sexual power.
Fisting
Authors: Rehberg Peter
Published: June 2023

Beyond parody, gay men’s identification with heteromasculinity, in its dead seriousness, appears to Bersani as being almost mad. In spatial terms, madness marks a proximity to—and not a distance between—powerfully normative images of gender. In his reading of the dynamics of madness, Bersani embraces this instability of identification that may ultimately cause the subject to collapse. Gay sex practices provide the occasion for this scene of vertigo, which, in Bersani’s work, opens a space that exists after the fall of the ego and that is often further explored through a turn to art: following the death of the psychoanalytic subject, the aesthetic subject appears. This essay, however, returns to the scene of the sexual. It traces the path of sexual practices discussed by Bersani, from gay anal intercourse to rimming, finally introducing fisting as a sexual practice that deserves to be read in Bersanian terms, insofar as it produces a form of “new masculinity.”
Incongruity
Authors: Ricco John Paul
Published: June 2023

This essay considers Leo Bersani’s concept of “incongruity” as a key term in his thinking of ethical relation and, specifically, as a description of the desynchronized movement and impersonal configuration of bodies, psyches, thoughts, and things, in which the formal mobilization of aesthetic perceptions of sameness replaces the immobilizing forces of desirous knowing and difference. Highlighted is the way in which sameness is not based on a single predicate of commonality, but instead obtains in similar forms of movement that inaugurate correspondences with others and the world. This sheds light on Bersani’s familiar notions of inaccurate replication and homo-narcissism within his broader exploration of potential intimacies pleasurably discovered via a sense of universal sameness as opposed to the often murderous fixation on identity and difference.
Things
Authors: Lloyd David
Published: June 2023

This essay discusses a remark on the eye and the mouth in Bersani and Dutoit’s Caravaggio’s Secrets that links Caravaggio to Samuel Beckett. Exploring the idea of the gaze and the voice as “things” rather than objects that confirm the subject in its place, and connecting Bersani’s understanding of the thing as escaping the subject-object relation in Beckett to Jacques Lacan’s objet petit a, the essay posits this understanding of the thing as the basis of Bersani’s interest in the possibility of a nonrelational sociality.
Unlike
Authors: Pyle Forest
Published: June 2023

A radical identification predicated on unlikeness: this is how Leo Bersani understands the singular mode of desiring that Emily Brontë invents in her incomparable novel. With Catherine and Heathcliff, Wuthering Heights offers new “forms of being,” untethered to the world (of society, of romance, of realism). For Bersani, Catherine and Heathcliff exist more on the order of gravitational forces than characters in any conventional novelistic sense. This essay explores Bersani’s provocative treatment of Wuthering Heights with a particular focus on his practice of reading, one that “extracts” distinctive and “devouring” forces of desire and as yet unrealized forms of being from a novel far removed from the dominant modes of narrative realism. Bersani’s reading of Brontë—first published in 1976 and his only excursion into British Romanticism—prompts a thought experiment: to imagine a Bersani limit-place Romanticism, quite unlike any available version, a Romanticism of “unqualified negativity” and “aspiring openness” with an eye and an ear to unknown pleasures.
A phenomics approach reveals interspecific differences in integrated developmental responses to chronic elevated temperatures
Authors: McCoy Jamie C. S. , Spicer John I. , Rundle Simon D. , Tills Oliver
Published: June 2023

Phenomics, high-dimensional organismal phenotyping, is advanced as a solution to quantifying complex developmental responses to elevated temperatures. ‘Energy proxy traits’ (EPTs) measure the phenotype as a spectrum of energy values across different temporal frequencies from pixel value fluctuations of video. Although they have proven effective in measuring the biology of complex and dynamic developing organisms, their utility in assessing environmental sensitivity of different species is untested. Using EPTs, we assess the relative thermal sensitivities of embryos of three species of freshwater snail with marked differences in their developmental event timings. Embryos of Lymnaea stagnalis, Radix balthica and Physella acuta were videoed hourly for the duration of their embryonic development at two temperatures: 20°C and 25°C. The video was used to calculate EPTs for the duration of their embryonic development, and during discrete physiological windows in development. Changes in energy spectra during development identified marked differences in thermal sensitivities between species, and suggest a relatively heightened sensitivity of gross rates of embryonic physiology and behaviour in embryos of R. balthica, developmental-window-specific thermal responses that reflect ontogenetic differences in observable physiologies, and temperature-induced changes in physiological event timing. EPTs enabled comparison of high-dimensional spectral phenotypes, providing a unique capability for assessing sensitivity continuously in developing individuals. Such integrative and scalable phenotyping is a prerequisite for improved understanding of the sensitivity of early life stages of different species.
Sonar-guided attention in natural tasks
Authors: Wohlgemuth Melville , Salles Angeles , Moss Cynthia
Published: June 2023

Little is known about neural dynamics that accompany rapid shifts in spatial attention in freely behaving animals, primarily because reliable, fine scale indicators of attention are lacking in standard model organisms engaged in natural tasks. The echolocating bat can serve to bridge this gap, as it exhibits robust dynamic behavioral indicators of spatial attention while it explores its environment.  In particular, the bat actively shifts the aim of its sonar beam to inspect objects in different directions, akin to eye movements and foveation in humans and other visually dominant animals. Further, the bat adjusts the temporal features of sonar calls to attend to objects at different distances, yielding a direct metric of acoustic gaze along the range axis. Thus, an echolocating bat’s call features not only convey the information it uses to probe its surroundings, but also reveal its auditory attention to objects in 3D space. These explicit metrics of spatial attention provide a powerful and robust system for analyzing changes in attention at a behavioral level, as well as the underlying neural mechanisms.
Reproducibilidad del cuestionario POIBA-¿Cómo nos movemos?, en escolares colombianos de tercer grado de primaria
Authors: Hormiga-Sánchez Claudia Milena , Serrano-Gómez Sergio Eduardo , Pinillos Patiño Yisel , Herazo-Beltrán Yaneth , Ariza-Cardenal Carles , Ariza-Arteaga Luis Eduardo
Published: June 2023

Introducción: disponer de instrumentos reproducibles que midan la actividad física y los comportamientos sedentarios es una prioridad para la vigilancia y promoción de estilos de vida saludables en niños y niñas. En esta investigación se evaluó la reproducibilidad prueba-reprueba del cuestionario poiba-¿Cómo nos movemos? en escolares colombianos. Materiales y métodos: participaron 125 estudiantes de tercer grado de primaria de una institución educativa colombiana. En dos ocasiones se aplicó el cuestionario poiba-¿Cómo nos movemos?, que evalúa la actividad física realizada para transportarse a la institución educativa y desde esta, durante el tiempo escolar (clases de educación física y recreo), extraescolar (deportiva, con entrenador) y libre. Se emplearon índices kappa y kappa ponderado en los ítems categóricos y el coeficiente de correlación intraclase con modelo de efectos mixtos en los ítems con escala cuantitativa. Resultados: en los ítems sobre actividad física en el ámbito escolar y deportivo predominaron kappas superiores a 0.70. Las preguntas sobre el transporte a la institución educativa y desde esta tuvieron coeficientes kappa cercanos a 0.90. Los ítems de tiempo frente a pantallas alcanzaron coeficientes kappa alrededor de 0.5, y los correspondientes a la hora de acostarse y levantarse obtuvieron coeficientes de correlación intraclase entre 0.40 y 0.72. Conclusiones: el cuestionario poiba-¿Cómo nos movemos? es una opción para evaluar la actividad física de escolares en el contexto latinoamericano. Los ítems sobre actividad física de transporte, en el ámbito escolar y deportivo, tuvieron los mayores índices de reproducibilidad.
Transcriptome-wide association study reveals candidate causal genes for lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Xu Jiawen , Si Haibo , Zeng Yi , Wu Yuangang , Zhang Shaoyun , Shen Bin
Published: June 2023

Aims

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common skeletal system disease that has been partly attributed to genetic variation. However, the correlation between genetic variation and pathological changes in LSS is insufficient, and it is difficult to provide a reference for the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Methods

We conducted a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) of spinal canal stenosis by integrating genome-wide association study summary statistics (including 661 cases and 178,065 controls) derived from Biobank Japan, and pre-computed gene expression weights of skeletal muscle and whole blood implemented in FUSION software. To verify the TWAS results, the candidate genes were furthered compared with messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles of LSS to screen for common genes. Finally, Metascape software was used to perform enrichment analysis of the candidate genes and common genes.

Results

TWAS identified 295 genes with permutation p-values < 0.05 for skeletal muscle and 79 genes associated for the whole blood, such as RCHY1 (PTWAS = 0.001). Those genes were enriched in 112 gene ontology (GO) terms and five Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, such as ‘chemical carcinogenesis - reactive oxygen species’ (LogP value = −2.139). Further comparing the TWAS significant genes with the differentially expressed genes identified by mRNA expression profiles of LSS found 18 overlapped genes, such as interleukin 15 receptor subunit alpha (IL15RA) (PTWAS = 0.040, PmRNA = 0.010). Moreover, 71 common GO terms were detected for the enrichment results of TWAS and mRNA expression profiles, such as negative regulation of cell differentiation (LogP value = −2.811).

Conclusion

This study revealed the genetic mechanism behind the pathological changes in LSS, and may provide novel insights for the early diagnosis and intervention of LSS.

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(6):387–396.
Assistência qualificada de enfermagem na atenção básica às mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica: uma necessidade crescente
Authors: Brandão Costa Johanna Daniery , Dos Santos da Paixão Lays Myrtes , Dos Santos Bispo Karoline , De Vasconcelos Cerqueira Braz Juliana , Silveira Passos Taciana
Published: June 2023

A violência doméstica tem sido vivenciada pelas mulheres diariamente, a crescente de casos de violência se intensificou e os serviços de saúde são procurados para o acolhimento da vítima. Frente a essa situação, o enfermeiro da Atenção Básica deve situar a sua equipe e ter conhecimento teórico sobre o problema para que sejam realizadas as condutas de enfermagem. Objetivou-se analisar a abordagem do enfermeiro de modo que possa identificar situações que coloquem risco à vida da mulher e as ações de cuidados de enfermagem juntamente com a equipe multiprofissional na assistência as vítimas. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura em bases de dados, com inclusão de artigos entre 2013 e 2021, na língua portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola. Considerando seus eixos temáticos, foram criadas duas categorias: “condutas que dificultam o reconhecimento da violência pelo enfermeiro”; e “conhecimento e estratégias como forma de prevenção contra violência doméstica”. Na Atenção Básica, o enfermeiro juntamente com a equipe deve buscar estratégias para a prevenção e identificação dos casos de violência doméstica, bem como traçar o perfil no território adscrito.
Light Strands in Slit Diffraction: Confirmatory Visualization in Media Free Environment
Authors: Dutt Srin
Published: June 2023

Understanding of the makeup of light has swayed between concepts of particles, waves, and hybrid models. The classic double slit experiment provided seemingly conclusive support for wave theory of light with
its resultant fringe patterns which were thought to only be due to wave interference. However, previous experiments have shown that light stratifies into strands not waves after diffraction that can be directly visualized utilizing a water vapor cloud chamber. A potential limitation of this approach is interaction of vapor media particles with light resulting in conversion of waves into particles, confounding the results. This experiment was designed to avoid any media interference by utilizing a moving screen in air along with extended photo exposure time to capture light behavior in free space after diffraction. In line with prior cloud chamber experiments, discrete light strands were visualized after diffraction through double slits. Distinct, isolated light strands, not waves, were again noted as light propagated through free space. Light strands were again visualized directly creating the pseudo-interference fringe pattern, counter to the concept of wave interference. Variations of the experiment using focal obstructions and hollow tubes did not demonstrate any strand loss or downstream reverberations which would have been characteristic of waves. Confirmatory visualization of distinct light strands after diffraction in a media free environment further supports the particle theory of light and questions wave theory. Diffractive fringe patterns are again shown to be created by the phenomena of discrete radiating strands, not wave interference, with its resulting implications.
SS18-SSX Antibody: A Useful Tool to Save Time and Reduce Costs in Synovial Sarcoma Diagnosis. Proposal of a Novel Diagnostic Algorithm
Authors: Orlando Giulia , Santoro Federica , Linari Alessandra , Tampieri Cristian , Verdun di Cantogno Ludovica , De Meo Simone , Ratto Nicola , Grignani Giovanni , Papotti Mauro , Senetta Rebecca
Published: June 2023

Synovial sarcoma is a rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasm mostly affecting young adults, characterized by a specific translocation which results in the fusion of the SS18 gene on chromosome 18 with one of the three highly homologous SSX genes on chromosome X. Its morphological diagnosis, especially in monophasic or poorly differentiated variants, can be challenging because histological features often overlap with other malignant mesenchymal tumors. Until recently, the differential diagnosis mostly relied on the use of cytogenetic or molecular analyses to detect the specific t(X;18)(p11;q11) translocation, thus virtually restricting its correct identification to referral centers with a high histological and molecular pathology workflow. The recently commercialized highly sensitive and fusion-specific SS18-SSX antibody has significantly improved the approach to these tumors, representing a relatively cheap and easy to access tool for synovial sarcoma diagnosis. Through a retrospective analysis of 79 synovial sarcomas and histological mimickers, this study confirms the usefulness of the SS18-SSX antibody in the diagnosis of synovial sarcoma, particularly focusing on its application in the pathological response evaluation after neoadjuvant treatment as well as its time- and cost-saving advantages. Finally, we here propose a new diagnostic algorithm to apply into the routine practice.
HIV policy legacies, pandemic preparedness and policy effort to address COVID-19
Authors: Fox Ashley , Kim Heeun
Published: June 2023

That the world was unprepared for a major infectious disease outbreak is now readily apparent to all credible observers. However, some countries were more prepared than others and we have seen a variety of responses to COVID-19 emerge across nations. While recognizing that the sources of variation in country responses to COVID-19 are many and varied, in this study we seek to examine how policy legacies from national responses to HIV have influenced countries’ responses to COVID-19. The aim of this study was to examine whether countries with a more conducive HIV policy environment were better prepared for COVID-19 and have therefore had more preemptive and rights-based responses. Using data from the Oxford Covid-19 Government Response Tracker, we develop measures of country effort to respond to COVID-19 including early containment and closure policies, prevention policies, economic policies, and health system policies. We combine this with data from the HIV Policy Lab and correlate overall and disaggregated country HIV Policy scores with COVID-19 Policy scores. We find that the COVID-19 Containment and Closure Measures Index was negatively correlated with supportive social policies related to HIV in the early stages of the pandemic, but the association did not persist as time went on. The COVID-19 Economic Support Measures had prolonged positive associations with supportive social policies related to HIV and negative association with clinical and treatment policies. Countries with stronger structural responses to HIV have been less inclined towards involuntary measures and more prepared for the social and economic elements of COVID-19 pandemic response.
“Our interventions are still here to support communities during the pandemic”: Resuming mass drug administration for neglected tropical diseases after COVID-19 implementation delays
Authors: Itaye Tikhala , Matendechero Sultani Hadley , Mbonigaba Jean Bosco , Gebretsadik Fikre Seife , Molefi Tuduetso L. , Baayenda Gilbert , Ruberanziza Eugene , Kollie Karsor K. , Zilabumba January , Dembele Massitan , Deribe Kebede , Adrien Elia Muhima , Polo Maria Rebollo ,   On behalf of the Kikundi African NTD Program Managers Community of Practice
Published: June 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted essential health services, including those provided by national neglected tropical disease (NTD) programs. Most mass drug administration (MDA) programs were postponed for 6–12 months following World Health Organization guidance released in April 2020 to temporarily halt NTD programs and launch necessary COVID-19 precautions. While NTD-endemic countries have since resumed MDA activities, it is critical to understand implementers’ perspectives on the key challenges and opportunities for program relaunch, as these insights are critical for maximizing gains towards disease control and elimination during public health emergencies. Using data from using online surveys and focus group discussions, this mixed-methods study sought perspectives from Ministry of Health NTD Program Managers and implementing partners from non-governmental organizations working in sub-Saharan Africa. Data analysis revealed that findings converged around several main themes: disruptions for MDA programs included resource shortages due to prioritization of pandemic response, challenges adhering to COVID-19 safety protocols, and community hesitancy due to coronavirus transmission fears. Identified solutions for restarting MDA programs focused on adapting intervention delivery and packaging to minimize disease transmission, embracing technology to optimize intervention planning and delivery, and identifying opportunities to promote program integration between pandemic response strategies and NTD campaign delivery. Findings identifies key challenges due to disruptions to NTD program delivery and provide strategic recommendations for endemic countries to build resilient programs that can continue to perform during and beyond global pandemics.
Baseline malarial and nutritional profile of children under seasonal malaria chemoprevention coverage in the health district of Nanoro, Burkina Faso
Authors: Sondo Paul , Rouamba Toussaint , Tahita Marc Christian , Derra Karim , Kabore Berenger , Tibiri Yssimini Nadège Guillène , Kabore Hyacinthe Abd-El Latif Faïçal , Hien So-vii Franck , Ouedraogo Florence , Kazienga Adama , Ilboudo Hamidou , Rouamba Eli , Lefevre Thiery , Tinto Halidou
Published: June 2023

Seasonal Malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is one of the large-scale life-saving malaria interventions initially recommended for the Sahel subregion, including Burkina Faso and recently extended to other parts of Africa. Initially, SMC was restricted to children 3 to 59 months old, but an extension to older children in some locations was recently recommended. Further characterization of SMC population profile beyond age criterion is necessary for understanding factors that could negatively impact the effectiveness of the intervention and to define complementary measures that could enhance its impact. Children were assessed through a cross-sectional survey during the first month of the 2020 SMC campaign (July-August 2020) as part of the SMC-NUT project in the health district of Nanoro. Parameters such as body temperature, weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) were assessed. In addition, blood sample was collected for malaria diagnosis by rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and microscopy, and for haemoglobin measurement. A total of 1059 children were enrolled. RDT positivity rate (RPR) was 22.2%, while microscopy positivity rate (MPR) was 10.4%, with parasitaemia levels ranging from 40 to 70480/μL. RPR and MPR increased as patient age increased. Wasting was observed in 7.25% of children under SMC coverage while the prevalence of stunting and underweight was 48.79% and 23.38%, respectively. As the age of the children increased, an improvement in their nutritional status was observed. Finally, undernourished children had higher parasite densities than children with adequate nutritional status. In the health district of Nanoro, children who received Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) were mostly undernourished during the period of SMC delivery, suggesting the need for combining the SMC with synergistic interventions against malnutrition to achieve best impact.
A morte de Ana Bolena, rainha de Inglaterra
Authors: Buescu Ana Isabel
Published: June 2023

Em 19 de Maio de 1536 a rainha Ana Bolena, 2ª mulher de Henrique VIII, foi decapitada na Torre de Londres, acusada de traição, adultério, incesto e feitiçaria. Dois dias antes tinham sido supliciados cinco cortesãos igualmente condenados por traição ao rei, entre os quais o irmão da rainha. Estes trágicos acontecimentos culminavam um tumultuoso processo político e diplomático iniciado em 1527, quando Henrique VIII solicitou à Santa Sé a declaração de nulidade do seu casamento com Catarina de Aragão, decisão que precipitou a ruptura com Roma e conduziu à fundação de uma nova Igreja da qual o chefe supremo era o próprio monarca. Estes acontecimentos foram testemunhados por um português em Londres. Do conjunto de cartas que se sabe ter enviado a um nobre em Portugal, uma delas, que aqui publicamos, relata circunstanciadamente a morte de Ana Bolena, testemunho inédito, e um dos mais completos testemunhos coevos, de um momento-chave da história de Inglaterra.
Trabalhadores Rurais de Évora e Anarquismo na Revolução Republicana
Authors: Caia João Gabriel
Published: June 2023

A presença do trabalhador rural no pensamento anarquista português, além de provocar uma discussão da relação entre proletariado rural e proletariado urbano, transpõe conceitos para outro espaço, o rural, cuja realidade social se vai refletir na propaganda desenvolvida pelo anarco-sindicalismo centrado em Lisboa. Em 1912, após o pico das greves rurais das quais a organização sindicalista dos trabalhadores rurais sai violentamente reprimida, as intenções anarquistas em mobilizar os trabalhadores rurais resultam numa «tournée de propaganda» pelo Alentejo que, por sua vez, resultará na constituição da Federação de Trabalhadores Rurais, que publicará o periódico O Trabalhador Rural. Contudo, existirá, de forma clara, no discurso anarquista a dicotomia «camponês vs. operário» que conduzirá todo o pensamento produzido. O pouco conhecimento do meio e do espaço rural, aliado ao progressivo recuo na adesão sindical, irá determinar dificuldades, condicionando o desenvolvimento do anarco-sindicalismo no Alentejo.
Movilización política, organización sindical y continuidades de la lucha de las camareras de piso. Diálogo entre Camarera de cinco estrellas (1984) de Teresa Pàmies y narrativas testimoniales de la actualidad
Authors: Somolinos Molina Cristina
Published: June 2023

La realidad de las mujeres trabajadoras ha sido representada de forma constante en la narrativa española del pasado siglo. A partir del análisis de la novela de Teresa Pàmies Camarera de cinco estrellas (1984), este artículo pretende analizar los discursos en torno a las trabajadoras en el sector de la hostelería que aparecen en la novela y su conexión con las luchas de las camareras de piso en el presente en su articulación mediante narrativas testimoniales. La búsqueda de inquietudes, problemáticas y reflexiones comunes en la experiencia de la protagonista de la novela, una trabajadora española emigrada a Londres a inicios de los años sesenta, y las camareras de piso que expresan sus problemáticas a través de las compilaciones testimoniales Las que limpian los hoteles: historias ocultas de precariedad laboral (2015) o Somos las que estábamos esperando. Mujeres que no se rinden (2020) permite apuntar a una tradición de lucha y de resistencia de las trabajadoras que se ha expresado a través del ámbito literario y cultural.
THE SYSTEM OF FUNCTIONS AS THE BASIS OF THE CONCEPT OF THE FEDERAL MINISTRY
Authors: Mankovskiy I.U.
Published: June 2023

The effectiveness of public administration depends on the sustainable development of the system offederal executive authorities, in which the key role is assigned to federal ministries. At the same time, there isno unity in the understanding of the federal Ministry in the legal literature. Accordingly, the article exploresthe theoretical, historical, and legal foundations of the formation of the concept of a federal ministry, whichallow us to talk about changing the vector of building the system of federal executive authorities since 2004in order to optimally restructure it in the event of emergency. The analysis of the current regulatory legalacts defining the essence and content of the organization and functioning of federal ministries is carried out.The author suggests in the definition of the concept of the federal ministry to be based on the functionalprinciple enshrined in the current regulatory legal acts. There are «basic» functions characteristic of allfederal ministries and «additional» functions provided to certain federal ministries in accordance withregulatory acts. The conclusion is made about the understanding of the federal Ministry as a centralizedfederal executive body endowed with appropriate functions.