bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plant Adaptation to Salinity Stress: Significance of Major Metabolites
Authors: Kumar Maneesh , Bharadwaj Himanshu , Kumari Komal
Published: November 2023

These genes increase the plant’s tolerance to salt stress by producing proteins and metabolites that protect the cell against stress. More secondary metabolites including anthocyanins phenols, saponins, flavonoids, carotenoids, and lignins, etc., are produced by plants in salty conditions, but previous studies have only looked at a small portion of these compounds. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compound accumulation under salt stress have been linked in several studies. Proline accumulates in the cytoplasm and the vacuole, where it functions as an osmolyte and protects macromolecules against denaturation. Polyamines play a role in salt tolerance by regulating gene expression and ion flux. This means that metabolites are crucial for plant response to salt stress and maintaining agricultural productivity in salt-affected environments.
The Impact of Pandemic Crisis on Hotel and Time-Sharing Accommodations in Greece
Authors: Varvaropoulos Konstantinos , Avdimiotis Spyros , Vazouras Charalampos
Published: November 2023

This study aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the time-sharing accommodations and hotels, based on the view obtained from the pandemic health restrictions. Numerous areas were evaluated, including cancellations, rebooking, resumption of operations, hygiene measures, customer attraction practices, strategy adjustment and perception of competitors’ activities, advantages and disadvantages. Focus is given on identifying the differences and similarities in the above areas, when comparing both forms of accommodation. Due to the nature of the subject and the lack of previous relative research, the qualitative research methodology is adopted. This has been achieved via the conduction of interviews, in a sample consisting of ten hotels and ten sharing-type accommodation businesses in various Greek regions. As for the results, cancellations were significant across the entire sample. However, hotels had a lower cancellation rate on average, as well as a higher level of rebooking, with almost all members in the sample reopening. Important disparities were observed in the approach to sanitary measures, as hotels achieved full consensus concerning their adoption and their necessity. Additional differences have been observed on marketing strategies, with the time-sharing accommodations being based more on price-competition. Finally, the contrasting strengths and weaknesses of each accommodation type are being examined.
Perspective Chapter: Emotive Cognition Strategies on Enhancing Meaningful Learning among Undergraduate Student-Teachers
Authors: Ananda Kumar A.
Published: November 2023

Learners are in need of knowledge and skill development in the global era to face competition in the challenging environment to sustain themselves. The Education commissions both National and International level emphasize on meaningful learning. The past two decades have seen the emergence of a global movement that calls for a new model of learning for the twenty-first century. The Delors Report also formulated four principles identified as the four pillars of education: Learning to Know, Learning to Do, Learning to Live Together and Learning to Be. In this regard, to develop these four pillars of learning and meaningful learning can be possible through the application of emotive cognition strategies among Bachelor of education (B.Ed.) student-teachers. The process of meaningful learning understood specifically on emotional aspect or cognitive aspect. There is a relationship between emotion and cognition in each and every action of an individual. Therefore, the aim of the study is to examine the effect of emotive cognition strategies on enhancing meaningful learning. The investigator has to employ an experimental research to find out the effect of the emotive cognition strategies on enhancing meaningful learning. This strategy design will channelize student-teachers’ in the path of meaningful learning through emotive cognition process.
Application of UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Colour Analysis in Different Natural Product Identification
Authors: Karuppaiah Sonia , Sermugapandian Nithya , Mohan Sumithra , Krishna Manikandan
Published: November 2023

When light falls on a substance, a part of the light that interacts with a substance is absorbed, and the remaining light is either reflected or transmitted through the substance. Colorimetric is used for the detection of dyes, food colourant in which the wavelength of light that different coloured dyes absorb varies. The majority of dyes are conjugated substances with alternate double and single bonds, and they generally absorb light in the visible spectrum. It is used for the food colourant studies due to the long history and widespread use of dyes in retail goods, the spectroscopic identification of food colourings appears to be a viable methodology.
Essential Oils and the Circular Bioeconomy
Authors: Stashenko Elena , René Martínez Jairo
Published: November 2023

The average annual trade of over 250 thousand tons of essential oils generates over 250 million tons of distillation residues, posing environmental problems due to incineration or landfill overburden. The circular economy focuses on reducing resource inputs, waste generation, and pollution, for sustainability. Implementing circular economy principles not only mitigates environmental concerns but also creates economic opportunities by utilizing residual biomass. Nonvolatile secondary metabolites, like flavonoids and phenolic compounds, remain in plant material during essential oil distillation. These bioactive substances can be extracted from the biomass distillation residues. Instead of discarding or burning waste from essential oil production, it can be processed to make extracts. The residue can be converted into biochar, a carbon-rich material beneficial for soil improvement. Other end uses include generating combustible bio-oil and using distillation residues for mushroom cultivation. Circular economy practices in the essential oil agroindustry have implications beyond the field itself. By providing raw materials for various sectors and industries, such as agriculture, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, this agroindustry can contribute to broader sustainability goals. While the adoption of circular economy principles presents technological challenges, the potential benefits in terms of waste reduction, value addition, and sustainability justify ongoing research and development efforts.
Whispers of Nourishment: Unveiling the Role of Non-Coding RNA in Plant Nutrient Availability
Authors: Keshari Nayak Jajati , Chauhan Rashmi , Kumar Sundip , Prabhakaran Sharat
Published: November 2023

Micronutrients play a vital role in crop growth and development, as they are essential for various physiological processes and biochemical reactions within plants. Insufficient levels of micronutrients in the soil can lead to nutrient deficiencies in plants, resulting in stunted growth, reduced yields, and poor overall health. In the last decades, it has been seen that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in the regulation of micronutrient uptake, transport, and utilization in plants. They can modulate the expression of genes encoding transporters, chelators, and enzymes related to micronutrient acquisition and utilization. By fine-tuning gene expression, ncRNAs can help plants adapt to varying nutrient availability and optimize their nutrient uptake efficiency. Understanding the interplay between micronutrients and ncRNAs provides insights into the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying nutrient homeostasis and plant adaptation to nutrient stress. This study delves into the origin of various noncoding RNAs, such as miRNA, siRNA, and tsRNA, elucidating their pivotal role in maintaining micro- and macronutrient equilibrium within plant tissues. Overall, this research underscores the intricate interplay between micronutrients and noncoding RNAs in crop plants, shedding light on the intricacies of nutrient regulation and opening up new avenues for future investigation and potential applications in agriculture.
Extracellular Vesicles in Kidney Disease
Authors: Lv Chunyan
Published: November 2023

The kidney is the mainly apparatus in the human body, with a complex organizational structure and diverse pathological changes closely related to other organs. Extracellular vesicles are vesicles with diameters ranging from tens of nanometers to several micrometers, originating from multiple intracellular vesicles or local cell membranes. They carry various information from the source cells and operate between various cells in the kidney and extrarenal organs, conveying substances between cells. They play a large part in signal transmission within the kidney and between the kidney and other organs. Detecting changes in extracellular vesicles and their cargo can monitor both renal neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases. Extracellular vesicles derived from various stem cells, loaded with bioactive substances, can be applied to some extent to treat kidney diseases. Bioengineering drugs using extracellular vesicles as carriers are also playing an increasingly big role in treating kidney diseases. Research on extracellular vesicles has achieved certain results and has some preclinical applications, but there is still a process for large-scale and widespread application.
Perspective Chapter: Recent Trends in Deep Learning for Conversational AI
Authors: Talreja Wassan Jyotsna , Ghuriani Veena
Published: November 2023

Conversational AI has seen unprecedented growth in recent years due to which Chatbots have been made available. Conversational AI primarily focuses on text or speech inputs, identifying the intention behind them, and responding to users with relevant information. Natural Language Processing (NLP), Natural Language Understanding (NLU), Machine Learning (ML), and speech recognition offer a personalized experience that mimics human-like engagement in conversational AI systems. Conversational AI systems like Google Meena, Amazon’s Alexa, Facebook’s BlenderBot, and OpenAI’s GPT-3 are trained using Deep Learning (DL) techniques that mimic a human brain-like structure and are trained on huge amounts of text data to provide open-domain conversations. The aim of this chapter is to highlight Conversational AI and NLP techniques behind it. The chapter focuses on DL architectures useful in building Conversational AI systems. The chapter discusses what are the recent advances in Conversational AI and how they are useful, what are the challenges, and what is the scope and future of conversational AI. This will help researchers to understand state-of-the-art frameworks and how they are useful in building Conversational AI models.
The Digital Transformation of the Basque Public Television: New Audiences and OTTs
Authors: Mendieta-Bartolomé Ana
Published: November 2023

The aim of this research is to analyze the digital transformation of the Basque Public Radio and Television (EITB) to face declining audiences and the competition of streaming platforms. The Basque television has witnessed the digitization process of the European Union and the loss of protagonism of traditional television due to the arrival of Over-The-Top platforms. Public Service Media (PSM) in Spain, including the Basque Public Television, have lost almost half of their audiences since 2004. In order to survive and target new audiences, the Basque Television has been forced to adopt different multiplatform and distribution strategies and focus on digital contents. What are the digital innovations implemented by the Basque Television? Have they been able to stop the audience drain? What results have been achieved by the new multiplatform and distribution initiatives? To answer these questions, this research analyzes data of social media and mobile applications, and the creation of the new EITB’s OTT Primeran. This work concludes that the Basque Television’s social media and mobile apps have experienced a significant increase of users, but audiences have not fully recovered and the competition of OTT platforms continues.
Business Economics: Knowledge and Energy – Capital “KEC”
Authors: Safwat Hemmat
Published: November 2023

Cost Estimation in many industries follow traditional methods that makes use of historical data compiled by the enterprise. The Knowledge “K” & Energy “E” (KE) Model recently published by the author takes a different approach, under this approach tasks are represented by combination of K & E referred to the KE pair, the K is represented in Joules. In this paper the KE Model is expanded to include Capital “C”, thus the model of KEC model. Before the KEC model is introduced, a comparison of the products and services P&S markets and energy system is presented. This reinforces the presentation of knowledge by Joules. The phases of project development as they relate to capital is discussed. The relevance of profits and risks for capital investments is underlined. The challenges faced for representing the capital C in Joules are discussed. The proposed initial application faces difficulties in obtaining readily available data, However, when the data base is built there could be significant benefit in getting in-depth insights on the effects of the various components in the costs of a product and service.
Digitalization, Comparative Advantages, and Digital Divide
Authors: Fann Guang-Jong , Hsu Su-Ying , Lo Chu-Ping
Published: November 2023

This study presents a simple model to elucidate the pivotal role of digital intensity in shaping a nation’s competitiveness on the global stage. We introduce digitalization into Krugman’s dynamic comparative advantage model, in which we suppose that technology development depends on an index of cumulative experiences and these experiences have to be conducted through digitalization. We argue that digitalization has the potential to trigger a positive feedback loop, particularly in countries characterized by elevated digital intensity. This phenomenon leads to heightened productivity, often translating to a competitive edge in tradable sectors and amplified income levels relative to other nations. Nevertheless, the widening divergence in digital intensity between developing (the South) and developed (the North) countries, referred to as the digital divide, poses a challenge by amplifying income inequality across these regions. This proposed model emphasizes the crucial role of the disparity in access to digital infrastructure in perpetuating the digital divide between developing and developed countries. The dynamic comparative advantage framework in this model further suggests that digitalization can lead to a virtuous circle in countries with a high level of digital intensity. However, for countries with low levels of digital intensity, the opposite may occur. This phenomenon thus exacerbates income inequality between developing and developed countries.
Intelligent Multi-Agent Systems for Advanced Geotechnical Monitoring
Authors: Akbar Firoozi Ali , Asghar Firoozi Ali
Published: November 2023

Geotechnical monitoring, essential for ensuring the safety and longevity of infrastructures, has predominantly relied on centralized systems. However, as computational capabilities soar and advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) burgeon, the potential for decentralized solutions comes to the fore. This chapter intricately weaves the principles and applications of Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) into the fabric of geotechnical monitoring. It delves deep, elucidating the decentralized approach to monitoring aspects like soil quality and groundwater levels. Through a seamless interplay between agents, we witness real-time data acquisition, intricate analysis, and informed decision-making. While anchoring itself in theoretical foundations, the chapter also illuminates the real-world challenges and proffers potential solutions in geotechnical engineering, thereby mapping the past, present, and future of MAS in this domain.
Perspective Chapter: Self-Efficacy and Cognitive Distortion in the Learning Environment
Authors: Bradshaw Kyffin
Published: November 2023

Increasing demands for educational institutions to provide reliable measures of student success and student satisfaction have accelerated the way education systems worldwide have transformed their educational missions and mandates regarding the learning environment. However, guaranteeing such measures of assurance of learning is still a challenge since there is no clear-cut definition that fully articulates the wide range of expected academic outcomes associated with the learning environment. Despite this, various studies have shown that faculty perceptions and beliefs about the learning environment can influence learners extracting meaning from their learning experiences. Although these studies have provided vital information for carving a path to the best possible education for learners, they focus only on faculty and the innate characteristics that affect student learning. They place little emphasis on the ability of students to define and achieve goals based on knowing that their own choice-making, problem-solving, self-advocacy, internal locus of control, self-awareness, and self-knowledge as dispositions to them actively learning. Consequently, this chapter explores, via an analytic literature review, the psychological and psychosocial elements underpinning the Inputs-Environment-Outcomes model of the learning environment. Particularly, it explores character education and academic performance in terms of the concepts of social competence, social perception, self-efficacy, and cognition.
Different Modes of Mechanism of Gamma-Mangostin and Alpha-Mangostin to Inhibit Cell Migration of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells Concerning CXCR4 Downregulation and ROS Generation
Authors: Sarmoko Sarmoko , Novitasari Dhania , Toriyama Manami , Fareza Muhamad Salman , Choironi Nur Amalia , Itoh Hiroshi , Meiyanto Edy
Published: November 2023

Background: Two mangostin compounds, gamma-mangostin and alpha-mangostin, show anticancer properties through the inhibition of cell proliferation and cell migration. Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, including MDA-MB-231, highly express C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) to maintain reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell migration. Objectives: This study was performed to analyze and compare different modes of action of γ-mangostin and α-mangostin as antimigratory effects targeted on CXCR4 in MDA-MB-231 as a model of TNBC cell. Methods: This study investigated the effect of γ-mangostin and α-mangostin using a series of assays, including Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay for cytotoxicity, wound healing assay for migration study, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for gene expression analysis, and flow cytometry for ROS measurement, along with in silico study to observe the binding between the compound and CXCR4. Results: The findings revealed half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 25 and 20 μM for γ-mangostin and α-mangostin in MDA-MB 231 cells, respectively. Moreover, a concentration of 10 μM was used for the migration assay. Both γ-mangostin and α-mangostin significantly suppressed cell migration within 24 hours. The present gene expression studies revealed the downregulation of key migration-associated genes, namely Farp, CXCR4, and LPHN2, upon γ-mangostin treatment but not α-mangostin. Additionally, both γ-mangostin and α-mangostin increased cellular ROS generation, highlighting the same effect of γ-mangostin and α-mangostin ROS elevation to inhibit cancer cell migration. Molecular docking simulations further suggested a potential interaction between γ-mangostin and α-mangostin with CXCR4 in high affinity. Conclusions: These findings suggest that both γ-mangostin and α-mangostin inhibit breast cancer cell migration and induce cellular ROS levels in MDA-MB-231 cells; notably, γ-mangostin suppresses CXCR4 mRNA expression that might correlate to its activity to inhibit MDA-MB-231 cell migration.
Autophagy and Apoptosis Cross-Talk in Response to Epigallocatechin Gallate in NALM-6 Cell Line
Authors: Gharehchahi Faezeh , Zare Farahnaz , Rafiei Dehbidi Gholamreza , Yousefi Zahra , Pourpirali Somayeh , Tamaddon Gholamhossein
Published: November 2023

Background: Chemotherapy, the primary treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), often yields inadequate responses. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been shown to significantly affect tumor cells through various mechanisms, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy. Objectives: The objective of this study is to explore the impact of EGCG on autophagy, apoptosis, and the interplay between them in NALM-6, a pre-B-ALL cell line. Methods: NALM-6 cells were subjected to various concentrations of EGCG for 24 and 48 hours. Additionally, NH4Cl 10 mM was used as an autophagy inhibitor to examine this mechanism. The EGCG effect on cell viability and apoptosis was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), trypan blue exclusion assay, and flow cytometry. Moreover, western blot analysis and real-time PCR were performed to investigate autophagy. Results: Our findings demonstrated that EGCG significantly affected cell proliferation and viability. It reduced cell viability by 55.24 ± 8.43% (P < 0.0001) while inducing apoptosis by 51.04 ± 1.88% (P = 0.006). Furthermore, in the presence of NH4Cl, EGCG led to a 3.92 ± 1.76-fold increase in LC3 protein level (P = 0.001). It also resulted in an approximately 1.34 ± 0.34-fold enhancement in DRAM1 mRNA expression levels (P = 0.013), while reducing of LC3B by 33.3 ± 30.5% (P = 0.008), P62/SQSTM1 by 46.5 ± 28.26% (P < 0.001), and Atg2B by 45.5 ± 16.25% (P < 0.001). However, the inhibition of autophagy did not alter the apoptosis rate in either untreated or EGCG-treated cells. Conclusions: Overall, our findings suggest that EGCG can trigger apoptosis and autophagy in the NALM-6 cell line. However, blockage of autophagy does not appear to impact apoptosis in this cell line.
Simulación y desarrollo de reactores catalíticos de membrana para la tecnología del hidrógeno
Authors:   , Cifuentes López Alejandro
Published: November 2023

(English) This thesis focuses on the study of the catalytic production of hydrogen from methanol and water.
Catalytic production is carried out in a catalytic membrane reactor which manages to produce and
purify hydrogen. The end use of the hydrogen produced is to power fuel cells for portable and mobile applications. In this thesis, a catalyst composed of PdZn/ZnAl2O4/Al2O3 in the form of pellets with alumina support was developed. The catalyst was characterized and tested in a plug flow reactor. A
pilot plant with a catalytic membrane reactor was then built. The catalyst was tested in the pilot plant
at real operating conditions. Also, finite element models of the plug flow reactor and the catalytic
membrane reactor were developed. These models validated the experimental results. Finally, a PI
controller was built that acted on the methanol-water liquid pump to produce high purity hydrogen
in a controlled and regulated manner in the catalytic membrane reactor.

(Español) Esta tesis se centra en el estudio de la producción catalítica de hidrógeno a partir de metanol y agua.
La producción catalítica se realiza en un reactor catalítico de membrana el cual logra producir y purificar el hidrógeno. El uso final del hidrógeno producido es alimentar pilas de combustible para aplicaciones portátiles y móviles. En esta tesis se ha desarrollado un catalizador compuesto por PdZn/ZnAl2O4/Al2O3 en forma de pellets con soporte de alúmina. El catalizador se ha caracterizado y probado en un reactor de flujo de pistón. A continuación, se ha construido una planta piloto con un reactor catalítico de membrana. Este catalizador se ha probado en la planta piloto en condiciones operativas reales.
Además, se han realizado modelos mediante elementos finitos del reactor de flujo de pistón y del reactor catalítico de membrana. Estos modelos han validado los resultados experimentales. Finalmente, se ha realizado un controlador PI que actúa sobre la bomba de líquido de metanol y agua para producir de manera controlada y regulada el hidrógeno de alta pureza en el reactor catalítico de membrana
Diseño de escenarios de aprendizaje universitarios para aprender haciendo
Authors: Prado-Acebo Cristina
Published: November 2023

Education is a global issue, including the spaces where it takes place. There is discussion regarding a change in education, but not about the space necessary for these new active methodologies. In the framework of the philosopher and pedagogue Dewey, following his principle of learning by doing, a historical review of learning scenarios at university level is carried out and the factors to be taken into account in their design are studied, observing the need for a change in learning scenarios, especially in the scale of interior design and furniture, which must be adapted to the methodology, activities to be developed and users. Within the change from the classroom scene to the scenario environment, the classroom and its main characteristic elements are deconstructed, analysing the transition from the fixed desk to the mobile prototype, from the blackboard and the platform to the interactive interface, and from the door to the opening.

La educación es un tema de interés mundial, incluyendo los espacios donde se desarrolla. Se habla de un cambio en la educación, pero no del espacio necesario para estas nuevas metodologías activas. Bajo el paraguas del filósofo y pedagogo Dewey, siguiendo su máxima de aprender haciendo, se realiza un recorrido histórico por los escenarios de aprendizaje en el nivel universitario y se estudian los factores a tener en cuenta en su diseño, observando la necesidad de un cambio en los escenarios de aprendizaje, especialmente en la escala del diseño interior y mobiliario, que deben adaptarse a la metodología, actividades a desarrollar y a los usuarios. Dentro del cambio del aula escena al ambiente escenario, se deconstruye el aula y sus principales elementos más característicos, analizando el paso del pupitre mueble al prototipo móvil, de la pizarra y del estrado a la interfaz interactiva, y de la puerta a la apertura.
Comparar, dialogar, proyectar
Authors: Mària Serrano Magdalena , Musquera Felip Sílvia
Published: November 2023

The subject 'Comparative Architecture', framed within a Master's program at UPC (Polytechnic University of Catalonia), proposes the comparison of a series of pairs of images as a learning methodology. Over the course of one semester, students create a set of texts in which they bring out the multiple relationships established between two architectural or artistic works. This sharpens their observation skills, develops critical thinking, and equips them with new project tools. This article presents the background of the comparative method, elaborates on the ideological and methodological foundations of the course, explains the dynamics of the sessions, and showcases the results of the subject. Through this course, students acquire the ability to describe in words the visible certainties or invisible threads that connect two works of diverse origins, conditions, and characteristics, in a didactic approach that allows them to engage with architecture in a different way.

La asignatura 'Arquitectura comparada', enmarcada en un Máster Universitario de la UPC (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya), propone la comparación de una serie de parejas de imágenes como metodología de aprendizaje. A lo largo de un cuatrimestre, los estudiantes elaboran un conjunto de textos en los que hacen aflorar las múltiples relaciones que se establecen entre dos obras arquitectónicas o artísticas, de manera que agudizan la mirada, desenvuelven el sentido crítico y adquieren nuevas herramientas de proyecto. Este artículo expone los antecedentes del método comparativo, desarrolla los fundamentos ideológicos y metodológicos del curso, explica la dinámica de las sesiones y muestra los resultados de la asignatura. En ella los estudiantes adquieren la capacidad de describir con palabras las certezas visibles o los hilos invisibles que relacionan dos obras de procedencia, condición y características muy diversas, en una didáctica que les permite enfrentarse, de otra manera, con la arquitectura.
Regeneración paisajística de la Ría de Pontevedra: ApS para la renaturalización de Lourizán
Authors: Rodríguez Álvarez Jorge , Vázquez Díaz Sonia
Published: November 2023

This article summarizes the main results from a service-learning experience in which three modules from two degrees (architecture and landscape) combined efforts to support local activist organizations in their struggle to reclaim a former marshland that was spoiled to build a pulp mill (Celulosas-Ence) in the 1960s. Regarding the service part, we worked in close collaboration with the Association for the Defense of the Ria (APDR) and Pontevedra council, which have been demanding the removal of the industrial complex for decades. Regarding the learning part, the students had the opportunity to apply and develop their technical skills (environmental analysis, GIS…) not least playing an active role in a participation, co-creation process with the local community. According to the welcoming reception of the final public presentation and the students’ satisfaction survey, the activity was deemed as highly positive in both ends

Este artículo resume los principales resultados de una experiencia de Aprendizaje-Servicio en la que tres materias de dos grados (arquitectura y paisaje) combinaron esfuerzos para apoyar a organizaciones activistas locales en su lucha por la recuperación de una marisma destrozada en los años 60 para construir una fábrica de celulosa (Ence). En relación al servicio, el trabajo se realizó en estrecha colaboración con la Asociación Pola Defensa da Ría (APDR) y el Ayuntamiento de Pontevedra, que llevan décadas reclamando el traslado del complejo industrial. En relación al aprendizaje, el alumnado tuvo la oportunidad de aplicar y desarrollar sus conocimientos técnicos (análisis ambiental, SIG…) además de desempeñar un papel activo en un proceso de participación y co-creación con la comunidad local. Dada la gran acogida que tuvo la presentación pública de resultados y según las encuestas de estudiantes, se puede afirmar que la actividad resultó positiva para todas las partes.
Regeneración urbana en el grado de arquitectura: experiencia de taller, San Cristóbal, Madrid
Authors: Ajuriaguerra Escudero Miguel Angel
Published: November 2023

Urban regeneration in Spain is essential due to the age of obsolete urban fabrics and their buildings (Martín-Consuegra et al., 2022). Different urban regeneration policies seek to improve the quality of life of citizens and the environment (Programme, 2018). For this reason, architecture degree students demand greater environmental sensitivity and a more significant commitment to its conservation. Nevertheless, from the perspective of technical education in urban planning, different workshops are developed to promote urban regeneration by solving social and environmental problems associated with the execution of planning. This paper presents the methodological results obtained through participatory collaboration in the regeneration workshops of the San Cristóbal case study of Madrid by the participation of administration, neighbourhood associations, alums, and Urban Facilities teachers.

La regeneración urbana en España es un tema de gran importancia debido a la antigüedad de tanto las tramas urbanas obsoletas como de su parque edificado (Martín-Consuegra et al., 2022). Actualmente, existen distintas políticas de regeneración urbana que buscan mejorar la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos y del medio ambiente (Programme, 2018). Por ello, el alumnado del grado de arquitectura reclama tanto una mayor sensibilidad medioambiental como una mayor vinculación en su conservación. Por ello, desde el prisma de la enseñanza técnica en urbanismo se desarrollan distintos talleres con el objeto de fomentar la regeneración urbana resolviendo problemas sociales y medioambientales asociados a la ejecución del planeamiento. En este trabajo se exponen los resultados metodológicos obtenidos mediante la colaboración participativa en los talleres de regeneración del caso de estudio de San Cristóbal, Madrid, por parte de: la administración, las asociaciones vecinales, los antiguos alumnos y el profesorado de Instalaciones Urbanas.
Red de roles: role-play para el aprendizaje sobre la producción social del hábitat
Authors: Martín Blas Sergio , Martín Domínguez Guiomar
Published: November 2023

Red de Roles is an Educational Innovation Project that aims to raise awareness among Architecture students of the need to integrate into their work processes the demands, concerns and interests of the various agents involved in the social production of habitat. By applying role-playing techniques to an Architectural Design workshop (in collaboration with a class of Art History), a 'gamified' simulation is proposed. This implies successive work cycles in which students assume different roles and exchange verbal and graphic information. After a first pilot course, a critical evaluation of results is carried out in order to identify the weaknesses and strengths of the method. To this end, assessment is done over tables and analytical diagrams that quantify the levels of information transmission between the different roles and the quality of the work produced in each phase.

Red de Roles es un Proyecto de Innovación Educativa que aspira a la toma de conciencia por parte del alumnado de Arquitectura sobre la necesidad de integrar en sus procesos de trabajo las demandas, inquietudes e intereses de los diversos agentes que intervienen en la producción social del hábitat. Mediante la aplicación de técnicas de role-play a un taller de Proyectos (en colaboración con la asignatura de Historia del Arte), se plantea una simulación ‘gamificada’ en sucesivos ciclos de trabajo en la que los alumnos van asumiendo diferentes roles e intercambiando información verbal y gráfica. Tras un primer curso piloto, se realiza una evaluación crítica de resultados con el objetivo de identificar las debilidades y fortalezas del método. Para ello, se trabaja sobre tablas y diagramas analíticos en los que se cuantifican los niveles de transmisión de información entre los diferentes roles, así como la calidad de los trabajos producidos en cada fase.
La muerte del héroe: la creación de una narrativa profesional inclusiva y transversal
Authors: García-Asenjo Llana David , Vicente-Sandoval González Ignacio , Echarte Ramos Jose María
Published: November 2023

The figure of the liberal architect as a project author, the idealized creator, pervades, in Spain, the simbotic relationship between educational and professional institutions sin, in 1931, the Architects Bar was created. However, the evolution of the field points to the necessity of a more inclusive academical and professional approach, able to leave behind an education and an integration into the labour market dangerously similar to Cambell’s hero’s journey. The teaching experience of the Architecture & Profession research group in the Degree in Architectural Fundaments at URJC, develops a transversal approach, enlargening the professional models and the seflperception of the students and it can be used to stablish a bidirectional collaborative and integrative relation with the Architect’s Bar. It can, in other terms, kill the hero and make way for the cooperative professional.

La figura del arquitecto liberal autor de proyectos, el creador idealizado, permea en España la relación simbiótica entre las instituciones formativas y las profesionales desde que, en 1931, se creara el Colegio de Arquitectos. Sin embargo, la evolución del sector indica la necesidad de una aproximación académica y profesional más inclusiva, capaz de superar una formación y una incorporación al mercado laboral peligrosamente asimilables al camino del héroe de Campbell. En este sentido la experiencia de la docencia en el Grado en Fundamentos de la Arquitectura de la URJC del grupo de investigación Arquitectura y Profesión, desarrolla una labor transversal, de ampliación de los modelos profesionales y de la propiocepción de los y las estudiantes, que puede servir para establecer una relación bidireccional de colaboración e integración con la institución colegial para, en otros términos, 'matar’ al héroe y dejar camino al profesional cooperativo.
Encontrar: proyectar con materiales y objetos comunes como herramienta docente
Authors: Casino Rubio David , Pizarro Juanas María José , Rueda Jiménez Óscar , Ruiz Bulnes Pilar
Published: November 2023

The teaching methods utilized in the Design Studio must train an architect to be prepared for work that is increasingly varied, manifold and diverse. As opposed to learning processes that systematically reproduce the same manner of approaching the architectural project, it is proposed to reverse the usual order of production. Thus, a teaching methodology is presented, where drawing and the issues associated with program and place are postponed, and rather the students begin with material experimentation with "found" objects. This methodology has been implemented for three years in the subjects of Projects 1 and 2. Working with these objects allows the student to appropriate their qualities, as well as freely propose complex organizations, which give rise to unexpected results. This “inverted” methodology fosters sufficient creative flexibility and strategic capacity in the student to be able to respond to different future needs.

Los métodos de enseñanza puestos en práctica en el Taller de Proyectos deben formar a un arquitecto cuyo trabajo es y será cada vez más variado, múltiple y diverso. Frente a procesos de aprendizaje que reproducen sistemáticamente la misma forma de acercarse al proyecto de arquitectura –dando resultados de sobra conocidos–, se propone invertir el habitual orden de producción. Se presenta así una metodología docente, testada durante tres años en las asignaturas de Proyectos 1 y 2, donde el dibujo y las cuestiones analíticas asociadas al programa y al contexto se posponen, comenzando, de modo más intuitivo, desde la experimentación material con objetos “encontrados”. Trabajar con estos objetos permite al estudiante apropiarse de sus cualidades, así como plantear organizaciones complejas, que dan lugar a resultados inesperados. Esta metodología invertida fomenta en el estudiante la suficiente flexibilidad creativa y capacidad estratégica para poder dar respuesta a las distintas necesidades futuras.
Implementación de metodologías de Design Thinking en el Taller de Arquitectura
Authors: Sádaba Juan , Collantes Ezekiel
Published: November 2023

Despite the shared roots between design and architecture, design methodologies, such as Design Thinking (DT), have evolved separately from the architectural workshop teaching. This article collects the experiences of implementing methodologies and exercises in the second-grade architecture workshop from 2018 to 2023. The implementation process was based on the incorporation of these methods within the basic teaching triangle composed of the competencies/objectives, methodology, and evaluation. The exercises tested include the DT double triangle paired up with the SITE-PROGRAM-CONCEPT sequence and specific DT exercises such as 6-3-5, the "Wallet exercise", empathy/Personas exercises, and the SCAMPER method. The implementation has been highly positive and has improved the structuring of course activities and the acquisition of creative skills by students. These results encourage us to continue integrating these practices in the future, contributing to design training in architecture.

A pesar de las raíces compartidas entre el diseño y la arquitectura en el pasado, las metodologías de diseño, como el Design Thinking (DT), han evolucionado por separado de la docencia en el taller de arquitectura. Este artículo recoge las experiencias de implementación de metodologías y ejercicios de en el taller de segundo curso de arquitectura desde 2018 hasta 2023. El proceso de implementación se ha basado en la incorporación de estos métodos dentro del triángulo docente básico compuesto por las competencias/objetivos, la metodología y la evaluación. Los ejercicios testados incluyen la secuencia del doble rombo de DT sobre la secuencia SITE-PROGRAM-CONCEPT y ejercicios concretos de DT como 6-3-5, el "Wallet exercise", ejercicios de empatía/Personas y el método SCAMPER. La implementación ha sido altamente positiva y ha mejorado la estructuración de las actividades del curso y la adquisición de habilidades creativas por parte de los estudiantes. Estos resultados alientan a continuar integrando estas prácticas en el futuro, contribuyendo a la formación proyectual en arquitectura.
Fabricando paisajes: el estudio del arquetipo como forma de relación con el territorio
Authors: Cortés Sánchez Luis Miguel
Published: November 2023

The continuous evolution of cities throughout the 20th century brought their growth into confrontation with the surrounding landscape. This encounter was the subject of the reflection proposed to the fifth-year students of the subject Architectural History, Theory and Composition 4. The aim of the proposed reflection consisted of finding a new way of exploring and characterising these interactions between the city and architecture with the territory, based on their study and reinterpretation. To this end, a three-stage exercise was proposed: the characterisation of the landscape; the definition of the interactions between architecture-landscape; and as a final result, the construction of the territorial model; where the latter aimed to translate the analysis and characterisation into an abstract model that would synthesise the process through the significance of the materials that build it.

La continua evolución de las ciudades a lo largo del siglo XX hizo que su crecimiento entrase en confrontación con el paisaje que las rodeaba. Este encuentro fue el objeto de la reflexión propuesta a los alumnos de quinto curso de la asignatura de Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas 4. El objetivo de la reflexión planteada consistía en encontrar una nueva forma de exploración y caracterización de estas interacciones entre la ciudad y la arquitectura con el territorio, en base a su estudio y reinterpretación. Para ello, se propuso ejercicio planteado en tres etapas: la caracterización del paisaje; la definición de las interacciones entre arquitectura-paisaje; y como resultado final, la construcción del modelo territorial; donde esta última pretendía traducir el análisis y la caracterización en una maqueta abstracta que sintetizase el proceso de realizado a través de la significación de los materiales que la construye.
Investigación del impacto del Solar Decathlon en estudiantes: análisis de una encuesta
Authors: Amaral Richard , Arranz Beatriz , Vega Sergio
Published: November 2023

The Solar Decathlon competition has been part of the lives of a generation of architects and engineers by spreading the concept of efficient solar-powered houses, promoting a more sustainable and efficient world. More than twenty years after its first edition, the opinions of participating students and academics on the educational impact of the competition on their lives and whether it has fulfilled its objectives are unknown. To find these answers, a worldwide survey of participants in the editions held up to 2020 has been carried out and the results obtained through this methodology have made it possible to analyse these questions, pointing out the positive and negative points in order to suggest improvements for future events.

La competición Solar Decathlon ha formado parte de la vida de una generación de arquitectos e ingenieros al difundir el concepto de casas eficientes alimentadas por energía solar, fomentando un mundo más sostenible y eficiente. Tras más de veinte años desde su primera edición, se desconoce la opinión de los estudiantes y académicos participantes sobre el impacto educacional de la competición en sus vidas y si ha cumplido sus objetivos. Para encontrar estas respuestas, se ha realizado una encuesta a nivel mundial a los participantes en las ediciones celebradas hasta el año de 2020 y los resultados obtenidos a través de esta metodología han permitido analizar estas cuestiones, señalando los puntos positivos y negativos con el fin de sugerir mejoras para futuros eventos.
Aprendizaje transversal en hormigón
Authors: Ramos Abengózar José Antonio , Moreno Hernández Álvaro , Santolaria Castellanos Ana Isabel , Sanz Arauz David
Published: November 2023

The transversal experimental concrete workshop offers students in advanced architecture courses the opportunity to carry out a complete project from start to finish through the design and construction of a concrete prototype at a 1:1 scale. Concrete, understood as an integrating material of architecture, is the center of the workshop. Its different characteristics and manipulation possibilities allow students to experiment with alternatives in each exercise, as well as finding project reasons according to their interests. Concrete is the fundamental element since it becomes a vehicle for learning, experimentation, and design.

El taller experimental transversal en hormigón ofrece a los estudiantes de cursos avanzados de arquitectura la oportunidad de realizar un proyecto completo de principio a fin a través del diseño y construcción de un prototipo en hormigón a escala 1:1. El hormigón como material integrador de la arquitectura es el centro del taller. Sus distintas características y posibilidades de manipulación permiten experimentar con alternativas en cada ejercicio y encontrar motivos de proyecto según los intereses de cada estudiante. El hormigón es el elemento fundamental, pues se convierte en vehículo de aprendizaje, de experimentación y de proyecto.
La saga del Huerto Vertical de Tomé: ejecución de proyectos académicos como investigación
Authors: Araneda Gutierrez Claudio , Burdiles Allende Roberto
Published: November 2023

It is not common to publish project failures. Let alone demolitions or disassemblies. From a professional point of view, this is understandable. From an academic/research point of view, however, the opposite is the case. Failures are generally a source of deep and lasting learning. This article reports the journey of a "vertical orchard" project, from its conception, through its construction and the succession of events that led to its eventual dismantling. It is one of the first fruits of the establishment of the bimonthly didactic project initiative based on multisectoral alliances instituted within the School of Architecture of the Universidad del Bío-Bío called "Neighbourhood Workshop". The article reviews in detail and without attachment the succession of events that led to this quasi-traumatic and, therefore, formative outcome, in search of design lessons.

No es común publicar fracasos proyectuales. Ni hablar de demoliciones o desarmes. Desde un punto de vista profesional, esto se entiende. Desde un punto de vista académico/investigativo, no obstante, lo opuesto es el caso. Los fracasos son por regla general fuente de aprendizajes profundos y duraderos. Este artículo reporta el periplo de un proyecto de “huerto vertical”, desde su concepción, pasando por su construcción y la sucesión de hechos que llevó finalmente a que este tuviese que ser forzosamente desarmado. Constituye uno de los primeros frutos de la instauración de la iniciativa didáctico proyectual bimestral basada en alianzas multisectoriales instituida en el seno de la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad del Bío-Bío denominada “Taller de Barrios”. El artículo revisa en detalle y sin apegos la sucesión de hechos que llevaron a este cuasi traumático y, por lo mismo, formativo desenlace, en busca de lecciones proyectuales.