bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CANVA SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PADA MATA PELAJARAN DASAR LISTRIK DAN ELEKTRONIKA
Authors: Tanjung Rahma Elvira , Faiza Delsina
Published: June 2021

This research was conducted to find out the feasibility of using canva learning media in Basic Electrical and Electronics subjects in class X Cooling and Air Conditioning Engineering at SMK Negeri 3 Pariaman in the academic year 2018/2019. The research method used is the research development of the Instructional Development Institute. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. Respondents in the questionnaire were experts, teachers, and students. In canva learning media, the validity, reliability and practicality of the media are tested. Based on the results of validation by experts and teachers, the average value of validation is 0.83 which is at the validity value of ≥0.667, so it is in the valid category. In the media reliability test, the Cronbach's Alpha value was 0.731, so the criteria for media reliability were in high criteria. In the practicality test of the media by teachers and students, the average values were 90% and 86% respectively, so the practicality category of the media was in the very practical category. Based on the results of the three tests it can be seen that canva learning media is feasible to use in the learning processKeywords: Canva Learning Media, Media Validity, Media Reliability, Media Practicality.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI KOPERASI PEGAWAI SMK NEGERI 2 PAYAKUMBUH
Authors: Aulia Ridho , Kurniadi Denny
Published: June 2021

The problems of union can arise in various parts of the business process implementedthat are services to members and consumers, financial management, sales management, promotions and other various services, both the main process and supporting one. For service business processes, the union uses social media and other similiar platform. For reporting business processes, it is still carried out in a manual way. To improve the results of the business process in the system of union, it requires web-based e-commerce in order to help all of the aspects. The presence of an e-commerce system is to help promoting the products and facilitate consumers to do everything within the business processes. The design of the e-commerce system uses the MVC (Model, View, Controller). The programming language used is the PHP (PHP Hypertext Preprocessor) based on Codeigniter framework and MySQL as a Database Management System (DBMS) and Sublime Text 3 as the editor. Business processes that exist in this union could sell products in a larger area in order to convey the information about the products to consumers quickly. With the system in the union, consumers will be much easier in ordering the producs they want.Keywords :  Codeigniter Framework, MySQL, E-Commerce.
PERANCANGAN DIGITALISASI PELAYANAN ADMINISTRASI AKADEMIK JURUSAN TEKNIK ELEKTRONIKA BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Effendi Sandy Putra , Tasrif Elfi
Published: June 2021

The design of this application describes how to digitize the academic administration services of the Android-based Electronics Engineering department. The purpose of designing this application is to improve aspects of departmental administrative services and provide satisfaction to students in higher education, especially the Department of Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Padang State University. Android-designed application that uses the Java programming language and developed using PHP and MySQL as database design and data management. The application is also designed based on client-server. The design stages in this application, namely system requirements analysis, system design, code making and testing. The method used in the design is the waterfall method which consists of needs analysis, design, implementation and testing. The interface design consists of the home page, login page, service input page, update and delete service pages and service pages received. Keywords: Administrative Services Department, Android
ESTIMASI PARAMETER ANTENA MIKROSTRIP MENGGUNAKAN JARINGAN SYARAF TIRUAN
Authors: Budayawan Khairi
Published: June 2021

The parameters of a rectangular microstrip antenna are intensely determined by the permittivity of the substrate, the thickness of the substrate, and the resonant frequency. Generally, to get the antenna parameters, a complex mathematical formula is needed to solve. For this reason, an intelligent method is offered to determine antenna’s parameters more easily. In this study, an artificial neural network method with backpropagation algorithm is used to overcome the problem. The network is trained using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The data used were consisting of 80 training data and 15 testing data. The results have shown that the artificial neural network learning method was successfully utilized to calculate the patch length, the patch width, and the feed point of a rectangular microstrip antenna, where the precision of the resonant frequency obtained of 93.33% at an error of ≤ 0.5%, and 100% at an error of ≤ 1%. However, the artificial neural network method with backpropagation algorithm is quite accurate for determining the parameters of rectangular microstrip antennas.Keywords: Artificial neural network, Backpropagation, Microstrip antenna, Resonant frequency
PERANCANGAN PROTOTYPE SISTEM PENDETEKSI KONDISI TELUR DAN BERAT BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER ARDUINO UNO
Authors: Nanda Rehandra Igo , Edidas Edidas
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this research can facilitate the sorting of chicken eggs by the breeder automatically so as not to cause negligence in sorting chicken eggs, this tool is made to facilitate human work in the livestock industry, namely in the process of sorting chicken eggs. The process of designing and manufacturing systems have several stages, namely system design, hardware design, software design, and physical design. The results of the design and manufacture of this egg condition detection system can work by using the Arduino Uno microcontroller as the controller. This tool uses the LDR sensor to function as a detector of the intensity of light from the egg, then the ultrasonic sensor will detect the eggs that pass, then the eggs will be calculated by using the Load Cell sensor. Eggs will be separated based on conditions that have been detected by the LDR sensor and Arduino gives commands to the servo motor to separate good eggs and bad eggs, then automatically Arduino will send data to the LCD to display. From the results of this  research that this tool can separate which eggs are good and eggs are bad.Keywords: Arduino UNO, Sensor LDR, LED, Load Cell, Servo Motor, LCD
KONTRIBUSI MOTIVASI WIRAUSAHA DAN PEMANFAATAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INTERNET TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KEWIRAUSAHAAN
Authors: Satria Ade , Jaya Putra
Published: June 2021

This Research Knows the Contribution of Entrepreneurial Motivation and the Utilization of Internet Learning Media Against the Results of Learning Creative and Entrepreneurial Products for Class XI Students of Audio Video Engineering at SMK Negeri 2 Payakumbuh. The population in this study was a trial of 52 students. This type of research is correlational descriptive. In this study using Simple Random Sampling with a total of 47 students. Data on learning outcomes were obtained from Creative and Entrepreneurial Product subject teachers at SMK Negeri 2 Payakumbuh. Meanwhile data on Entrepreneurial Motivation and the Utilization of Internet Learning Media were obtained using questionnaires with Likert scales that had been sponsored validity and reliability. The results of data analysis showed: (1) Entrepreneurial Motivation and the Utilization of Internet Learning Media together contributed 25.00% to learning outcomes; (2) Entrepreneurial motivation contributes 9.36% to learning outcomes; (3) The use of Internet Learning Media contributes 10.56% to learning outcomes. So it can disprove the motivation for entrepreneurial learning and the use of internet learning media contributing to entrepreneurial learning in SMK Negeri 2 Payakumbuh..Keywords: Entrepreneurial Motivation, Use of Internet Learning Media, Learning Outcomes.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PERANGKAT KERAS JARINGAN BERBASIS AUGMENTED REALITY PADA PLATFORM ANDROID
Authors: Hamzah Saidina , Kurniadi Denny
Published: June 2021

The limitedness number of teaching media such as projector and networking hardware in SMK N 2 of padang causes the learning activities especially WAN (Wide Area Network) Technology to be not optimal. Therefore, the material learning activities become one-way and unattractive. The school prohibit students to borrow networking hardware, so that the process of recognizing the physical form of network devices occurs only during laboratory activities. These learning causes inefficient use of study time. Students often abuse the use of smartphones in school as entertainment media. ARSchool networking Hardware Learning Media was developed to overcome this problem. The Marker Based Tracking Method of Augmented Reality technology was utilized to display three-dimensional objects (3D) on an Android Smartphone. The 3D objects of network devices was designed by using the Blender application. The making of media was based on WAN Technology syllabus used by school. The design of media used Unity and Vuforia application as database of image target or marker. With this learning, students could easily learn the networking hardware of WAN Technology anywhere and anytime. The feasibility test shows that this learning media is very practical (95,45%) and very valid (94,47%). This media is equipped with the explanation of parts of the devices that is displayed in the form of text, image and audioKeywords: Learning Media, Augmented Reality, Android, Network Hardware.
PERANCANGAN MEDIA PROMOSI OBJEK WISATA KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN
Authors: Irmadiana Sania , Zulhendra Zulhendra
Published: June 2021

The research aims to design a media for tourism promotion of Padang Pariaman Regency with attractive appearance and user friendly to facilitate the dissemination of information and attracts tourists yo visit the attractions op Padang Pariaman regency. The media of tourism promotion in Padang Pariaman regency is designed by the waterfall method, using the Yii2 framework concept by applying the concept of model-view-controller (MVC). The results of this article are web-based tourism promotion in Padang Pariaman Regency so that information can be accessed anywhere. Information that can be accessed includes the latest travel news distributed by the Padang Pariaman District tourism office. And provides a photo gallery of attractions, so that tourists can see the natural charm and diversity of tourism in Padang Pariaman. In addition, the map feature is provided to make it easier for tourists to find the location of attractions and a testimonial feature that accommodates advice from tourists.Keywords: Tourist Attraction, Yii2 Framework, Padang Pariaman Regency.
PERANCANGAN APLIKASI PELAYANAN CLEANING SERVICE BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Armi Ariyadi , Hendriyani Yeka
Published: June 2021

Problems that occur in a service can be seen in a business process carried out. Customer service, management of orders, promotions, and other services, whether it is a main process or a supporting process. In service business this service still uses social media. In business reporting, running is still done manually. To provide good results on this service, the system requires web-based e-commerce to help all who will run the service business process. With the existence of e-commerce services can facilitate existing promotions. This e-commerce system service uses the MVC model (Model, View, Controller). The programming language used is the programming language PHP (PHP Hypertext Preprocessor) and uses the Laravel framework and MySQL as a Database Management System (DBMS) and Sublime Text 3 as supporting editors. Business processes that exist in this service can cover a wider area in order to convey information to consumers and facilitate customer access in ordering services.Keywords :Laravel Framework, MySQL, E-Commerce.
PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI PENGOLAH NILAI BERBASIS WEB UNTUK MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH
Authors: Sentosa Indra , Irfan Dedi
Published: June 2021

The change in the national education curriculum from the Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan to Kurikulum 2013 has brought changes to the assessment system. MTsN 1 Bukittinggi is one of the schools that applies Kurikulum 2013. The application of Kurikulum 2013 to this school also has an impact on changes in the assessment system. Changes to the grading system need to be supported by applications to facilitate processing of scores. At present, MTsN 1 Bukittinggi still uses a Spread Sheet-based score processing application. The applications used so far have been unable to meet the demands of the assessment system. With this Spread Sheet-based application, scores processing feels more complicated and still has the risk of input error. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a web-based scores application that is designed in accordance with the needs of the school. The purpose of this project is to develop a web-based scores processing application that can simplify the process of scores input, scores processing and study report printing. This application development uses the PHP programming language (PHP Hypertext Processor) with the CodeIgniter framework and MySQL as a Database Management System (DBMS). The system design method used is by Context Diagram, Flow Map, and Use Case Diagram. The results of the research is a web-based scores processing application that has been tested on several Internet browsers such as Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome. The application runs well and can meet the needs of the school.Keywords: Score Processing Application, web, Spread Sheet, Madrasah Tsanawiyah
KOMPARASI MODEL JIGSAW DENGAN TWO STAY TWO STRAY TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR
Authors: Doni Muhammad , Hanesman Hanesman
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the differences in the Jigsaw type cooperative learning model with the Two Stay Two Stray type on the learning outcomes of the XI Grade Automatic Control System Expertise in the Engineering and Air Conditioning Technique Program at SMK Negeri 3 Pariaman. This type of research is an experiment in the form of Time Series Design that is used in class XI TPTU A with two learning models namely, Jigsaw model and Two Stay Two Stray model. The results showed the average value of the Jigsaw model was 81.67 and the average value of the Two Stay Two Stray model was 76.46. Obtained t test results with significance 0.05 which obtained tcount> t table (3,568> 2,013) which means that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. Then it can be concluded that there is a difference between the Jigsaw type cooperative learning model with the Two Stay Two Stray type on the learning outcomes of the XI Grade Automatic Control System Expertise in the Engineering and Air Conditioning Technique Program at SMK Negeri 3 Pariaman. Keywords: Comparison, Jigsaw, Two Stay Two Stray, Learning Outcomes
RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI MODUL PEMBELAJARAN TEKNOLOGI WAN BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Wiranda Tio , Adri Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Module as medium of learning is one of the ingredients of learning that can be used by students in independent and effective. The learning module application is made with an Android-based platform. WAN technology is one of the subjects for class XI TKJ. This application method was developed using a prototyping model approach with the java programming language using the Android Studio IDE. One of the functions of an android application for students and teachers is the creation of applications related to student learning in which there are learning materials and a collection of practice questions that can be done by students. Android applications that can be developed are e-module applications or learning modules. The results of this thesis is to produce a learning application as a means for learning WAN technology subjects in which there are several menus such as syllabus, lesson plans, modules, video tutorials, options, search and about. The presence of this application is expected to improve students' understanding abilities in learning WAN technology and contribute to learning.  Keywords: Android, module, WAN technology, smartphone.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN KEGIATAN MAHASISWA BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Oktasari Ana Juita , Kurniadi Denny
Published: June 2021

This article discusses about management of student activities in the process of submitting activity proposals, reviewing and reporting activities. Carried out by student activity units at the State University of Padang  which aims to minimize the time, energy and cost of implementing procedures for submitting proposals and reporting activities. In meeting Head of Students Affairs, WR III (interest and talent section) and KaBag (treasurer section). Submission of proposals and activity reports should be in accordance with technological developments at this time to effective and efficient. In designing this information system using the method waterfall method and the Object Oriented Programming (OOP) method. This system also uses the Model View Controller (MVC) technique. This system is design usimg Yii2 Framework with the Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) and MySQL Database Management System (DBMS) programming languages. Designing a student activity management information system produces a system that can facilitate student activity units at State University of Padang in submitting proposals and activity reports and assisting the Head of Student Affairs in managing information about students activities. Keywords:Information Systems, College Student Activity, SQL, MVC, Framework Yii2.
SISTEM INFORMASI PERKUMPULAN WARGA KOTOGADANG (BUKITTINGGI) BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Putra Hendwiko Kuncoro , Irfan Dedi
Published: June 2021

Computer technology has increasingly developed in its use. Along with the times, computers are widely used in various fields. One of the uses of technology is that it can be used as an information system for the community and those who need it. This information system does not only collect data from Kotogadang residents in various regions, but also provides up-to-date information about the situation occurring in the Kotogadang area in Bukittinggi and the activities that will be held in the Kotogadang area. So that Kotogadang residents who are in various regions can find out the information there. One method that is quite easy and efficient in the development of information system applications is to strengthen the relationship between fellow citizens of Kotogadang wherever located. Kotogadang citizen association information system is designed using the PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) programming language with the CodeIgniter Framework, JavaScript, and using the MYSQL database. With this system can help Kotogadang residents in various regions in getting the latest information about meetings, sad news, and news of what is happening in the Kotogadang area in Bukittinggi. Keywords: Information System, PHP, CodeIgniter, MySQL.
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Penjualan Tiket Travel di Lima Puluh Kota ( Mudiak ) Berbasis Android
Authors: Rizki Miftahul , Slamet Legiman
Published: June 2021

Pemesanan tiket biasanya dilakukan sebelum melakukan perjalanan menggunakan trasnpotrasi umum. Saat ini pemesanan tiket masih dilakukan dengan cara konvensional yaitu datang langsung ke perusahaan travel. Proses pemesanan ini kurang efektif karena banyak menghabiskan  waktu dan biaya. Penelitian ini menghasilkan aplikasi penjualan tiket travel di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota berbasis android. Perancangan aplikasi menggunakan metode prototyping dengan pemograman java berbasis android menggunakan software aplikasi android studio dengan versi gradle 4.10.3. Pada aplikasi ini terdapat fitur jadwal dan tarif. Pada pemesanan tersedia fitur chat untuk memudahkan komunikasi antara penumpang dengan perusahaan travel. Pembuatan aplikasi ini bertujuan untuk memudahkan pengguna dalam melakukan pemesanan tiket travel dimana saja dan kapan saja. Dengan adanya aplikasi ini sangat bermanfaat bagi perusahaan travel PO Bahagia, karena dari pemesenan tiket secara manual menjadi lebih praktis dan memudahkan pengguna memesan tiket tanpa harus ke loket.Kata kunci : travel, tiket, android, aplikasi. Ticket reservations are usually made before traveling using public transportation. Currently, ticket reservations are still done in the conventional way that is, come directly to the travel company. This ordering process is less effective because it consumes a lot of time and money. This research resulted in an application for selling travel tickets in Lima Puluh Kota Regency based on Android. The design of the application uses the prototyping method with Java-based Android programming using Android Studio application software with Gradle version 4.10.3. In this application, there is a schedule and tariff feature. In the chat feature available to facilitate communication between passengers and travel companies. The making of this application aims to facilitate users in booking travel tickets anywhere and anytime. This application is very useful for PO Bahagia travel companies because manually ordering tickets becomes more practical and makes it easier for users to order tickets without having to go to the ticket window.Keywords: travel, ticket, android, application
Pengembangan E-Modul Interaktif Menggunakan Media Google Classroom Pada Mata Pelajaran Penerapan Sistem Radio dan Televisi
Authors: Ilham Anwar , Huda Yasdinul
Published: June 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menghasilkan e-modul penerapan sistem radio dan televisi, menentukan tingkat validitas dari yang dihasilkan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada pengembangan e-modul ini adalah Research and Development ( R&D) dengan menerapkan model Plomp. Model Plomp terdiri dari tiga tahap, 1) Penelitian awal (pleminary research), 2) Tahap membuat prototipe (prototype phase) , 3) Tahap asesmen (assesment phase). Instrumen validitas dianalisis dengan rumus Cohen Kappa (k). sebesar 0,77 dari nilai maksimal 1, nilai tersebut termasuk dalam kategori valid. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa validitas ahli media sebesar 0,85 dari nilai maksimal 1, nilai tersebut termasuk dalam kategori valid.Kata kunci :E-Modul, Penerapan sistem radio dan televisi, Plomp, Google Classroom. The purpose of this study is to produce an e-module for the application of radio and television systems, to determine the level of validity of the resulting ones. The research method used in the development of this e-module is Research and Development (R&D) by applying the Plomp model. The Plomp model consists of three stages, 1) pleminary research, 2) prototype phase, 3) the assessment phase. Instrument validity was analyzed by the Cohen Kappa formula (k). of 0.77 from a maximum value of 1, this value is included in the valid category. The results of this study state that the validity of media experts is 0.85 from a maximum value of 1, this value is included in the valid category.Keywords: E-Module, Application of radio and television systems, Plomp, Google Classroom.
Pembelajaran Awal Praktek Instrumen Biola di Prodi Pendidikan Musik Jurusan Sendratasik Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Negeri Padang
Authors: Yensharti Yensharti , Mona Delvia
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pembelajaran awal praktek instrumen biola pada mata kuliah Praktek Instrumen Mayor I di Prodi Pendidikan Musik Jurusan Sendratasik Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Negeri Padang. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif kualitatif pendekatan studi pustaka, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menggambarkan kegiatan pembelajaran biola meliputi pengenalan instrumen, pengenalan penggesek, pengenalan senar biola persiapan peserta didik dalam mempelajari biola terkait sikap atau posisi tubuh dalam memainkan instrumen biola, penggunaan penggesek memainkan nada dalam posisi open string, penggunaan penjarian dengan teknik gesekan Whole bow, Legato dan Staccato. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan posisi tubuh dan penggunaan bowing Whole Bow (W.B) dengan penjarian dan posisi yang tepat berguna untuk menguatkan teknik dasar dalam bermain biola yang bertujuan memantapkan bunyi nada yang berkualitas sesuai dengan teknik yang tepat untuk mendapatkan hasil belajar yang maksimal.
Recursos para atender a la diversidad en contextos educativos
Authors: Mora-Jaureguialde Begoña
Published: June 2021

Recensión del libro 'Recursos para atender a la diversidad en contextos educativos'
Das Abkommen über verarbeitete Landwirtschaftsprodukte: Bedeutung für die Schweiz
Authors: Kaiser Stéphanie
Published: June 2021

Der Handel mit landwirtschaftlichen Verarbeitungsprodukten zwischen der Schweiz und der EU wird im Rahmen des Protokolls Nr. 2 zum Freihandelsabkommen (FHA) von 1972 geregelt. Die Handelsbilanz der Schweiz mit der EU im Rahmen des Protokolls Nr. 2 ist wertmässig positiv. Die Schweizer Exporte beliefen sich im Jahr 2011 auf rund 3,7 Mrd. Franken und übertrafen damit die Importe um rund 1 Mrd. Franken. Gleichzeitig steht das Protokoll Nr. 2 von verschiedenen Seiten unter Druck, was seine Zukunft in Frage stellt. Das Grundproblem stellen die Ausfuhrbeiträge im Rahmen des Preisausgleichmechanismus dar. Das Protokoll Nr. 2 wurde im Abkommen über landwirtschaftliche Verarbeitungsprodukte im Rahmen der Bilateralen Verhandlungen ii (2004) revidiert. Die vorliegende Arbeit konzentriert sich auf das revidierte Protokoll Nr. 2 und analysiert dessen Bedeutung für die Schweiz. Hierfür wird differenziert zwischen den preisausgleichberechtigen Produkten und den Freihandelsprodukten, welche im Geltungsbereich des Protokolls liegen. Die Arbeit zeigt auf, dass die gegenseitige Zollfreiheit für die Freihandelsprodukte aus volkswirtschaftlichter Perspektive positiv ist. Die Preisausgleichmassnahmen für die preisausgleichberechtigten Produkte sind hingegen in erster Linie für die Landwirtschaft von Bedeutung. Gesamtvolkswirtschaftlich betrachtet wäre die Alternative eines umfassenden Freihandels im Agrar- und Lebensmittelbereich mit der EU wohlfahrtssteigernd, womit auch die Preisausgleichmassnahmen überflüssig würden. Aufgrund verschiedener Faktoren ist ein solcher Freihandel mit der EU, oder eine vergleichbare Liberalisierung auf multilateraler Ebene, jedoch nicht absehbar. Gleichzeitig besteht auf internationaler Ebene der Druck, alle Exportsubventionen, worunter auch die Ausfuhrbeiträge im Rahmen des Preisausgleichmechanismus fallen, abzubauen. Somit dürften in Zukunft Alternativen in Form einer Ausweitung des aktiven Veredelungsverkehrs sowie möglicherweise der brancheninternen privatrechtlichen Massnahmen weiter an Bedeutung gewinnen. Diese Arbeit ist wie folgt strukturiert: In einem ersten Schritt werden die wichtigsten Aspekte des Protokolls Nr. 2 kurz präsentiert. Danach werden verschiedene Herausforderungen in Bezug auf das Protokoll Nr. 2 diskutiert und die Wirkungen von Importzöllen und Exportsubventionen aus einer volkswirtschaftlichen Perspektive beleuchtet. In Kapitel 5 wird basierend darauf die Bedeutung des Protokolls Nr. 2 für die Schweiz analysiert. Hierfür wird zunächst die Entwicklung des Handels im Rahmen des Protokolls Nr. 2 dargestellt. Danach wird die Bedeutung dieses Protokolls für die beiden Hauptsächlich betroffenen Sektoren, die Landwirtschaft und die Nahrungsmittelindustrie, untersucht. Schliesslich werden die gesamtwirtschaftliche Bedeutung für die Schweiz erörtert und der Handlungsdruck sowie mögliche Zukunftsszenarien dargestellt.
Writing History on their Own: War, Identity, and the Oral History of the “Old China Hands”
Authors: Lien Ling-ling
Published: June 2021

This article uses the oral history project of the Old China Hands collected by the California State University at Fullerton to illustrate how oral history serves as the vehicle of identity-making. The term Old China Hands first referred to long-term British settlers engaged in the commercial, diplomatic and missionary arenas in nineteenth-century China. During the Second World War, citizens of the Allied nations were interned in the Japanese camps, which then became the common memory for foreign settlers in China. Not until the 1980s did those former civilian internees begin to reconnect with each other and share their stories in public; the oral history project of the Old China Hands was one such effort. Focusing on the organization, facilitation and contextualization of the oral history project, this article will discuss how the recollection of wartime experience became a process of identity-making.
Zwischen „fremden Händeln“ und der „Weltpolizei“. Der Diskurs um die Beteiligung der Schweiz an friedenserhaltenden Operationen nach 1945
Authors: Schmid Fabian
Published: June 2021

After initially supporting selected peacekeeping missions as a means of distancing itself from the UN as an institution, Switzerland slowly adopted a more progressive position during the Cold War, which led to an increase in participation in the 1990s. The source material – parliamentary protocols since 1945 – shows that among the political parties in Switzerland, the political right was oftentimes the lone opponent to more involvement in such missions, as there was relatively little other opposition to an intensification of traditional peacekeeping activities. However, attempts to relativize national neutrality concepts met broad resistance, as did attempts by the government to take too many (or too large) steps at once. The examined parliamentary discussions focus on obligations under international law, national legal provisions and political priorities – and the famous Swiss neutrality is used in both political and judicial terms as an argument by all sides.
Europe in the World after the Crisis: A Relational Approach
Authors: Pullano Teresa
Published: June 2021

The economic crisis that has invested Europe since 2008 and the political crisis that peaked in the hot Greek summer of 2015 exposed the fractures and conflicts within the EU, but also within Europe at large. Arguably, this has led to a repositioning of Europe in the world, which is still ongoing. This reconfiguration of the internal European space happens in connection with the redefinition of the relations that Europe entertains with its outside (Moisio et al. 2013). Also, the crises have shown that ‘Europe’ means different things in different places. In this paper, it is argued that classical European studies need to be rethought accordingly: it is no longer possible (and perhaps never was) to conceive of Europe in hermetic categories, but European space and politics need to be re-conceptualized as heterogeneous and uneven, and this always in connection with the transformations happening beyond the artificial idea of Europe as a defined continent (Manners, 2012). Following the call of Jean and John Comaroff (J. Comaroff & J. L. Comaroff 2012), this paper argues that there is a need to look at transformations in contemporary Europe as a consequence of restructuring happening in other parts of the world. The uneven development characterizing today’s Eurozone may be read as a return of colonial relations or unfettered capitalism to Europe.
Perspektiven auf Europa
Authors: Isernhagen Hartwig
Published: June 2021

Das Europainstitut der Universität Basel hat im Wintersemester 2001/ 02 eine kleine interdisziplinäre Vortragsreihe veranstaltet, in der Vertreter der Geistes- und Kulturwissenschaften ihre Überlegungen und Einsichten zum Thema „Europa“ vorstellten. Der Zweck der Veranstaltung bestand darin, zu erfahren und anschliessend auch zu diskutieren, inwiefern „Europa“ für bestimmte Disziplinen ein Thema ist und mit welchen spezifischen Methoden die Fragen angegangen werden. Die beiden Beiträge von Annemarie Pieper und Hartwig Isernhagen werden hier nun als erste publiziert.In Hartwig Isernhagens Beitrag geht es um die Frage, wie Vorstellungen von Amerikanisierung und Globalisierung in der Interaktion zwischen Europa und den USA wirksam sind und was die Amerikastudien zum Verständnis solcher belasteter und in hohem Masse unklarer Begriffe wie des genannten Verhältnissen im Ganzen beitragen können.Annemarie Pieper bespricht in ihrem Text die Visionen deutscher Dichter und Denker zu den vereinigten Staaten von Europa. Diese entwickeln in ihren Utopien der vereinigten Staaten Europas keine Modelle für eine gemeinsame Verfassung, ein gemeinsames Recht, eine gemeinsame Wirtschaft. Trotzdem sind ihre Konstrukte nicht unpolitisch, denn sie denken grundlegender und arbeiten die normative Basis, die ethische Grundlage heraus, auf welcher politisches Handeln seine Legitimation findet.InhaltsverzeichnisEinleitung - Perspektiven auf Europa Georg Kreis (Seite 5) „European American Studies“  in einer „globalisierten“ Welt: Europäische Reflexionen amerikanischer Reflexionen Europas Hartwig Isernhagen (Seite 6) Vereinigte Staaten von Europa - Visionen deutscher Dichter und Denker Annemarie Pieper (Seite 30)
Politik und Religion in Europa
Authors: Budelacci Orlando , Toggenburg Gabriel N.
Published: June 2021

Der Beitrag von Orlando Budelacci beschäftigt in grundsätzlicher Weise mit folgenden Fragen: Was sind die Auswirkungen des Transzendenzverlustes für das Politische? Führt die Säkularisierung zu einer Verlagerung ehemals theologischer Gehalte auf den Staat? Stimmt es, dass wir eine Renaissance der Religion erleben und dass der Staat durch die Übertragung religiöser Ansprüche auf den Staat überfordert wird? Es geht also nicht primär um die Frage, ob der Staat Orientierung in existenziellen Fragen liefern soll, sondern inwiefern die Religion, ob verdrängt oder in anderem Gewand erscheinend, im Politischen präsent ist.Gabriel N. Toggenburg sucht in seinem Beitrag nach einem (dritten) Weg zur (v)erfassbaren Religionsidee der EU. Dabei geht er unter anderem auf die Europäische Grundrechtscharta, die EU-Verfassung und auf die Österreich-Krise ein. Weiterhin schreibt er über den Islam und das Verhältnis der EU zur USA und zur Türkei.InhaltsverzeichnisPolitik und Religion im postmetaphysischen Europa Orlando Budelacci (Seite 4) Der (dritte) Weg zur (v)erfassbaren Religionsidee der EUGabriel N. Toggenburg (Seite 27)
Direkte Demokratie und europäische Integration: Die Handlungsspielräume der Schweiz
Authors: Kaufmann Bruno , Kreis Georg , Gross Andreas
Published: June 2021

Diese Ausgabe der Basler Schriften setzt sich mit dem Verhältnis von direkter Demokratie und europäischer Integration auseinander. Im ersten Text geht Bruno Kaufmann der Frage nach, welche Bedeutung die Volksrechte für den europäischen Integrationsprozess haben – und wie die EU umgekehrt die Entwicklung der Direkten Demokratie vorantrieb. Er zeigt auf, dass der europäische Integrationsprozess die Direkte Demokratie gestärkt hat. Ebenso wie den Verfahren von Initiative und Referendum nun bei der Etablierung einer gemeinsamen Verfassung eine Schlüsselrolle zukommt.Im zweiten Aufsatz setzt sich Georg Kreis mit der grundsätzlichen Kritik an der Direkten Demokratie auseinander, wie sie rund um das französische Plebiszit vom 29. Mai 2005 geäussert worden ist. In dem Text werden die Vor- und Nachteile der Direkten Demokratie in einer modernen repräsentativen Demokratie gegeneinander gestellt und die Frage nach dem „wie weiter?“ gestellt.Darauf geht – nur für diese Schrift – abschliessend Andreas Gross ein. Er beurteilt die überstürzte Entstehung und Ratifizierung des EU-Verfassungsvertrages unter dem Gesichtspunkt ihrer Demokratieverträglichkeit und kommt zum Schluss, dass es durchaus Entwicklungsperspektiven gäbe, mit denen sich europäische Integration und Direkte Demokratie miteinander versöhnen liessen. Dies hätte weitreichende, und wie er meint hilfreiche, Folgen für die Schweiz und Europa.InhaltsverzeichnisEinleitung (Seite 7)Direkte Demokratie in Europa - eine ÜbersichtBruno Kaufmann (Seite 13)Grenzen der Demokratie?  Überlegungen anlässlich Frankreichs jüngster EU-AbstimmungGeorg Kreis (Seite 35)Der Verfassungsvertrag der Europäischen Union – Sackgasse der europäischen Demokratie?  Wege aus dem posttraumatischen Zustand der  EU und der europäischen Krise der Demokratie.Andreas Gross (Seite 55)
Die Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention und die nationale Grundrechtsordnung: Spannungen und gegenseitige Befruchtung
Authors: Spenlé (Hrsg.) Christoph A.
Published: June 2021

Die Verfassungstraditionen der Schweiz und Deutschlands, zweier historisch und kulturell eng verbundener Nachbarn, scheinen in zentralen Punkten - namentlich der Frage der Umsetzung des Völkerrechts auf Landesebene - weit entfernt. Ist das in der Sache aber wirklich so? Wo liegen die Unterschiede, wo die Gemeinsamkeiten? Wer hat jeweils das letzte Wort, wenn nationales und internationales Recht kollidieren? Welche Erfahrungen lassen sich vom jeweils anderen übernehmen? Diesen Fragen wollte die am 16./17. Juni 2006 von der Schweizer Sektion der Internationalen Juristenkommission organisierte erste gemeinsame Tagung der Schweizer und der Deutschen Sektion der internationalen Juristenkommission unter dem Titel „Die Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention und die nationale Grundrechtsordnung: Spannungen und gegenseitige Befruchtung“ rechtsvergleichend nachgehen. Die Ergebnisse sind hier zusammengetragen.InhaltsverzeichnisVorwort Gret Haller (Seite 5)EinleitungChristoph A. Spenlé (Seite 7)Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention und  deutsche Grundrechtsordnung: Zwei Seiten einer MedailleEckart Klein, Potsdam (Seite 11)Zusammenwirken im Grundrechtsschutz durch den Europarat und durch die Europäische Union - Auswirkungen in einem assoziierten Staat Rainer J. Schweizer, St. Gallen (Seite 29)Auswirkungen der EMRK auf die Grundrechtsordnung und die Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit in der SchweizGiusep Nay, Lausanne (Seite 45)Die Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention als „Konventionsgemeinschaft“: praktische Wirkungen in der deutschen RechtsordnungChristian Walter, Münster (Seite 53)
Möglichkeiten und Auswirkungen einer Abkehr von der nationalen Erschöpfung für Pharmaprodukte aus Sicht der Schweiz und einkommensschwacher Länder
Authors: Behrend Sara
Published: June 2021

Was passiert in der Schweiz, wenn im Arzneimittelbereich von der nationalen Erschöpfung im Patentrecht abgewichen wird? Und welche Auswirkungen wird eine regionale oder internationale Erschöpfung in der Schweiz auf einkommensschwache Länder innerhalb oder ausserhalb der Europäischen Union (EU) bzw. des Europäischen Wirtschaftsraums (EWR) haben? Diesen Fragen soll in der vorliegenden Arbeit nachgegangen werden.Zunächst werden in Kapitel 2 einige relevante Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit der behandelten Thematik erläutert. Im Kapitel 3 wird ein kurzer Überblick über die Entstehung des Patentwesens und dessen Entwicklung – insbesondere in der Schweiz – sowie über vier klassische volkswirtschaftliche Legitimationstheorien für Patente gegeben. Dann folgt ein Theorieteil, wobei in Kapitel 4 zunächst die Wohlfahrtseffekte einer Marktöffnung für gewöhnliche Güter und anschliessend für Arzneimittel im In- und Ausland aufgezeigt werden. In Kapitel 5 wird, mittels der im vorhergehenden Kapitel gewonnenen Erkenntnisse, versucht, die möglichen Auswirkungen einer Abkehr vom nationalen Erschöpfungsregime auf die Schweiz und auf einkommensschwache Länder darzustellen. Zur Abrundung wird in Kapitel 6 noch auf einige zusätzlich zu beachtende Aspekte kurz eingegangen, um das Bild von der Bedeutung des Erschöpfungsregimes zu vervollständigen.
The Future of EFTA from a Swiss point of View
Authors: Müller Aline
Published: June 2021

This thesis first examines the situation of the EFTA after the financial crisis of 2007/2008, including Iceland’s position within Europe. In the following, several possible scenarios for EFTA are being defined and analysed with respect to their likelihood of being implemented. A special focus is set on Switzerland’s position within EFTA and also within Europe, and scenarios are analysed for Switzerland’s future irrespective of EFTA.In order to be able to fully assess EFTA’s future, this paper also touches upon the future of the European Economic Area (EEA). EFTA and the EEA are inevitably linked, as all members of the EEA, apart from the EU, are also EFTA member states. Therefore it follows that EFTA’s future will directly affect the EFTA/EEA institutions, equally EEA’s future as a result also influences EFTA’s future. Furthermore it is essential to additionally contemplate the view of the EU towards the developments within EFTA and the EEA, as the EU is the crucial counterparty in the EEA agreement, able to influence the EEA’s, as well as EFTA’s future to a considerable extent.
Correlation Between Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection and Lipid Profile in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Al. Halbosiy Mohammed M. F. , Ismael May K. , Nasser Hadeel A.
Published: June 2021

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the blood vessels or heart. Chlamydia pneumoniae has been considered as the most reasonable; also, it is able to increase and persevere inside vascular cells and to make the chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis. In this study, blood samples were subjected for molecular detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae by using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) depending on 16S rRNA. Seventy patients who suffer from cardiovascular diseases (angina, myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis) aged between 33-86 years have been investigated and compared to twenty of apparently healthy individuals were studied as a control group. Twenty-six samples (37.14) % revealed positive results for Chlamydia pneumoniae by PCR technique in blood samples of patients group, while all control samples were negative. No significant relationship was found among HDL,LDL, cholesterol, but the significant differences in the levels of triglyceride, VLDL between Chlamydia pneumoniae positive and negative within the patients' group were significant (P<0.05).The result of this study revealed that there was elevation of cholesterol and triglycerides level  in patients their ages less than 50 years  compared with other age groups although  there was no significant relationship  between  HDL VLDL,LDL and age ; but generally certain patients with more than 60 years  have the highest level of HDL VLDL, LDL.
Effect Different Concentrations of Crude Oil on the Pigment Content and Protein Content of Hydrilla Verticillata Plant
Authors: Alzurfi Sadiq Kadhum Lafta , Alasedi Kasim Kadhim , Abdulraheem Noor Imad
Published: June 2021

The current study was conducted to determine the effect of crude oil on the pigments and protein content of Hydrilla verticillata plant from December 2018 to February 2019. Hydrilla verticillata was exposed to different concentrations of treatments (0.01,0.05,0.10,0.20) % of crude oil for 24 days. The pigments content was evaluated as total chlorophyll, a, b, carotene and protein content within plant tissues during the days (1, 8, 16 and 24).

     The results of this study showed an increment in the total chlorophyll values of plant, which is exposed to different concentrations of crude oil compared to the control treatment during the first day of the experiment and decreased compared to control treatment during 8,16 and 24 days of the experiment. The recorded maximum value of total chlorophyll was (29.49) Î¼g / g at 0.10% treatment during the first day and the statistical analysis showed significant differences below the probability level (P> 0.05) between the concentrations and the days of the experiment. Chlorophyll a, b and carotene of plant exhibit the overall trend of total chlorophyll. The values of chlorophyll b were higher than the values of chlorophyll and carotene.

     The current study showed a gradual decrease in the total protein values of plants in crude oil during experiential period compared to control treatment, recording the highest values at the 0.01% during the first day (29.4 mg/g) and the lowest in the concentration of 0.05% during the day 24 was (3.5) mg / g, and the statistical analysis showed significant differences below the probability level (P> 0.05) between the days and concentrations of the experiment. The study concluded that a gradual decrease of total chlorophyll values during period experimental, recorded the chlorophyll b values higher compare to chlorophyll a and carotene. the gradual decrease of protein values with the increasing the concentration.
Lyoluminescence Dosimetry of L-Proline Incorporated of Sensitizer Dependence on the Temperature and pH of Solution
Authors: Abdulqader Qahtan Adnan , Alhasan Ammar Mohammed
Published: June 2021

To increase the sensitivity of dosimeter, it has to improve the properties that are required to increase its sensitivity. It was proven that the dependence of lyoluminscence (LL) of irradiated amino acid (L-prolin) incorporated with chemiluminscence reagent (luciginine) on the pH and temperature of the solution. LL means the emission of light from dissolved material in a suitable solvent, which is previously exposed to ionizing radiation. When the incorporated phosphor irradiated to gamma rays an electronically excited species are trapped within the solid matrix, this extra energy will be emitted in the form of light (  420-500nm), on dissolving the material in water in this test. The LL intensity increases with increasing pH of the solution. The best reproducible and optimum LL intensity is at (pH=8.5-9) of the solution, However, LL intensity will be decreased when the PH is higher than 12. In this value of pH the stability of free radicals is optimum. The same is found for solvent temperature dependence, the optimum LL intensity is at 45-48 oC. LL intensity will increase up to 70 oC,it was found that the total glow increased because of increasing the self-glow of luciginine , but LL intensity will decrease because of dissociation of phisphore structure.  In addition to the self-glow of the sanitizer will increase too at temperate up to 70 oC , however, that will cause self-glow to the dosimeter material.
The effects of Insects on the Physicochemical Characteristics During Composting
Authors: Jalal Sayran Yousif , Hanna Nihal Suhail , Shekha Yahya Ahmed
Published: June 2021

Insects have a vital role in solid waste composting process. Insects are detritus feeders that enhance changing the physical and chemical properties of decomposed materials during composting processes. This behavior makes insects excellent organisms in recycling of organic matter. The present study assesses the success of insectsâ€™ population in relation with the degradation of solid waste.  The study was carried out in the glass house facility of the College of Science, Salahaddin University in Erbil City, Kurdistan region of Iraq, using household organic waste. During composting process, three stages of lifecycle of insects were observed and recorded. The total number of insects reached to 1268 individuals, belonging to the orders Coleoptera and Diptera, class Insects. Diptera individuals were the most abundant insects with 95.4% of the total belonged to four families (Muscidae, Calliphoridae, Ulidiidae and Milichiidae). Coleoptera individuals represented 4.6% of the total number, belonging to three families (Promecheilidae, Staphylinidae and Salpingidae). The measured physicochemical characteristics of the compost included: pH, EC, moisture, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorous and organic matter. The pH value of the composts ranged from 7.79 to 7.97. Organic carbon content and organic matter content ranged from 20.16 to 26.99 % and 34.67 to 46.23 %, respectively. It can concluded that household waste compost is not just a waste but has the potential to be transformed into a good quality organic fertilizer through composting. Composting can convert solid organic waste into a valuable added material.