bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The importance of communication in pediatric oncology palliative care: focus on Humanistic Nursing Theory
Authors: França Jael Rúbia Figueiredo de Sá , Costa Solange Fátima Geraldo da , Lopes Maria Emilia Limeira , Nóbrega Maria Miriam Lima da , França Inacia Sátiro Xavier de
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE: to investigate and analyze communication in palliative care contexts from the perspective of nurses, based on Humanistic Nursing Theory. METHOD: this is a field study with a qualitative approach, in which ten nurses working in the pediatric oncology unit of a Brazilian public hospital participated. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The testimonies were qualitatively analyzed using Humanistic Nursing Theory and based on the five phases of Nursing Phenomenology. RESULTS: two thematic categories emerged from the analysis of the study's empirical material: "strategy to humanize nursing care, with an emphasis on relieving the child's suffering" and "strategy to strengthen ties of trust established between nurse and child." CONCLUSION: communication is an efficacious element in the care provided to the child with cancer and is extremely important to promoting palliative care when it is based on Humanistic Nursing Theory.
Saúde Ocupacional na região central do estado de Nova York: um ambulatório de doenças ocupacionais com financiamento público 25 anos depois
Authors: Lax Michael B.
Published: July 2013

Para tratar o problema do sub-reconhecimento de agravos relacionados ao trabalho, em 1987, o estado de Nova York utilizou financiamentos públicos para criar uma rede de ambulatórios de saúde ocupacional, que continua sendo o único projeto de seu tipo nos Estados Unidos. Sua missão é o diagnóstico, o tratamento e a prevenção de doenças ocupacionais. O financiamento público foi necessário para sustentá-la e permitir que funcionasse de forma independente e universalmente acessível. Este artigo relata as experiências dos Ambulatórios de Saúde Ocupacional (Occupational Health Clinical Centers - OHCC) ao longo dos últimos 25 anos. Cada serviço é parte da rede e atende grande parte da região central do estado de Nova York. Durante este período, os ambulatórios construíram uma experiente equipe multidisciplinar e um programa multifacetado, que inclui atividades clínicas, ações de capacitação e educação, assessoria técnica e pesquisa. Alcançaram considerável sucesso em estabelecer-se como um recurso para os trabalhadores acidentados na região e como defensores, do ponto de vista clínico, de trabalhadores acidentados nos seus locais de trabalho e junto ao sistema de compensação. Como os OHCCs se movem em direção à nova fase, desafios consideráveis permanecem, especialmente na identificação e no acesso de trabalhadores submetidos a situações de alto risco com pouco alcance aos serviços de saúde.
Cotas raciais em cartas de leitores da revista Caros Amigos: uma perspectiva dialógica
Authors: Freitas Irene de Lima
Published: July 2013

Neste artigo pretendemos demonstrar alguns resultados obtidos em nossa tese de doutorado defendida no segundo semestre de 2011. Na pesquisa, analisamos textos da mídia impressa inseridos em uma cadeia discursiva de conflitos e embates que polemizam o sistema de cotas no Brasil. Nosso objetivo é analisar a forma como são engendradas as interações dialógicas entre os participantes do evento discursivo: como o autor dialoga com o objeto do discurso e com o destinatário, tomando por base a teoria dialógica do discurso, de Bakhtin e o Círculo. Os resultados evidenciam que o posicionamento assumido pelos interlocutores é construído a partir do valor que o outro atribui à sua construção; o embate entre os interlocutores é constitutivo dos enunciados; e a análise dialógica de enunciados da mídia contribui para uma melhor compreensão da natureza social do discurso e dos temas relevantes para a sociedade, no caso das cotas.
Sobre o pensamento bakhtiniano: uma recepção de recepções
Authors: Marchezan Renata Coelho
Published: July 2013

São diversas as recepções da obra bakhtiniana: as que a situam em perspectiva histórica e cultural, dando a conhecer o contexto inerente a ela, as interlocuções com as quais se edificou e os caminhos de seu desenvolvimento; as que adotam, isoladamente, um ou outro de seus conceitos e as que buscam dela depreender um arcabouço, menos ou mais sistematizado, para a reflexão de um objeto em particular. Fixando-nos nestas últimas e no domínio dos estudos sobre a linguagem, examinamos as recepções do pensamento bakhtiniano como uma pragmática, uma sociolinguística, uma semiótica, uma teoria social, uma teoria do discurso. Na perspectiva desta disciplina, é que nos centramos, por último, para refletir sobre algumas de suas bases fundamentais.
Da produtividade dialógica no espaço biográfico
Authors: Mitidieri André Luis
Published: July 2013

No presente trabalho, buscamos situar, dentro do pensamento de Mikhail Bakhtin, o conjunto de textos nos quais podemos encontrar formulações acerca de formas e gêneros (auto)biográficos, assim como dos mais diversos diálogos por eles firmados com o gênero romanesco. Tais aportes encontram-se sobretudo naqueles escritos relativos à noção de cronotopo que, junto a outros conceitos bakhtinianos, dentre os quais, destacamos dialogismo, revelam-se como fundamentais à identificação das articulações que permitem compreender o lugar teórico ocupado pelo "espaço biográfico" no contexto da reflexão de Bakhtin. Essa expressão, formulada a partir da ideia de "espaço biográfico", estabelecida pelo estudioso francês Philippe Lejeune, e repensada pela pesquisadora argentina Leonor Arfuch, denomina a circunferência interdiscursiva que, atualmente, abriga não apenas a autobiografia, a biografia e gêneros vizinhos, mas também outras valorações culturais de ordem similar ou mesmo estilizadas, hibridizadas, matizadas por tonalidades (auto)biográficas.
Dialogismo no romance português contemporâneo
Authors: Oliveira Raquel Trentin , Werlang Gérson
Published: July 2013

Objetivamos, neste artigo, refletir sobre a constituição dialógica do romance contemporâneo português, retomando, para isso, as contribuições de M. Bakhtin sobre esse gênero literário. Bakhtin enfatiza, nos seus estudos, o discurso bivocal de orientação vária, as interações complexas entre diferentes pontos de vista num mesmo enunciado, que elevariam a um mais alto grau o dialogismo do romance. O romance atual diversifica as formas de transmissão do discurso de outrem, embaralhando as vozes das personagens e exigindo atenção redobrada do leitor para a instituição do sentido. Exemplificamos essa tendência por meio da análise do romance Levantado do chão (1980), do consagrado autor português José Saramago.
A perspectiva dialógica em pesquisa de práticas de letramentos
Authors: Orlando Virginia
Published: July 2013

Este trabalho procura mostrar algumas contribuições do dialogismo bakhtiniano para a conceituação da leitura e da escrita, assim como para a análise de eventos de letramento em relação com práticas de letramento. Um exemplo de tais contribuições é apresentado a partir de pesquisa das formas de relacionamento entre o componente axiológico da compreensão e os gêneros discursivos em cursos de leitura em línguas estrangeiras próximas. Analisam-se dois eventos de letramento a respeito de textos acadêmicos em sala de aula de um curso de leitura de português como língua estrangeira. Os aprendizes-leitores são hispano-falantes, alunos de graduação e pós-graduação de uma faculdade pública no Uruguai. O exame da dimensão axiológica expressa nas enunciações desses aprendizes-leitores nos eventos analisados busca mostrar sua apresentação identitária a respeito da comunidade discursiva acadêmica, assim como a percepção dos requerimentos específicos para ler como insider de uma comunidade acadêmica.
Avaliação do respirador oral: uso do espelho de Glatzel e do peak nasal inspiratory flow
Authors: Melo Danielle de Lima e , Santos Roberta Viviane Moreira , Perilo Tatiana Vargas de Castro , Becker Helena Maria Gonçalves , Motta Andréa Rodrigues
Published: July 2013

OBJETIVO: Comparar o uso do espelho de Glatzel e do peak nasal inspiratory flow na avaliação de indivíduos respiradores orais, bem como analisar a correlação dos dois instrumentos. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 64 crianças, sendo 32 respiradoras orais e 32 respiradoras nasais, na faixa etária de 4 a 12 anos. Os respiradores orais, diagnosticados de acordo com equipe multiprofissional, foram subdivididos de acordo com a causa da obstrução. Foram utilizados o espelho de Glatzel e o peak nasal inspiratory flow nos dois grupos para avaliação da permeabilidade e fluxo aéreo nasal. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística. RESULTADOS: O espelho de Glatzel diferenciou o modo respiratório considerando-se os estratos gênero, faixa etária, peso, altura e índice de massa corporal da amostra. Entretanto, não foi capaz de dar indícios sobre a causa da respiração oral. Com o uso do peak nasal inspiratory flow, não foi possível diferenciar o modo respiratório e tampouco a causa da respiração oral. Na amostra pesquisada, não houve correlação entre os instrumentos utilizados. CONCLUSÃO: O espelho de Glatzel mostrou ser capaz de identificar indivíduos com e sem obstrução nasal, embora não tenha sido possível diferenciar os subgrupos de respiradores orais entre si com o uso do instrumento. Já o peak nasal inspiratory flow mostrou-se capaz de diferenciar apenas respiradores nasais de respiradores orais cirúrgicos. Foi encontrada baixa correlação entre os dois instrumentos.
Análise de Comportamento Aplicada e Distúrbios do Espectro do Autismo: revisão de literatura
Authors: Fernandes Fernanda Dreux Miranda , Amato Cibelle Albuquerque de la Higuera
Published: July 2013

OBJETIVO: Realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura envolvendo as propostas de terapia baseada na análise de comportamento aplicada (ABA) dirigida a pessoas portadoras de distúrbios do espectro do autismo (DEA), contribuindo, dessa forma, para uma prática efetivamente baseada em evidências. ESTRATÉGIA DE PESQUISA: As bases de dados Web of Science, Medline, SciELO e Lilacs foram consultadas para o levantamento das referências bibliográficas publicadas nos últimos cinco anos. CRITÉRIOS DE SELEÇÃO: Foram selecionados os artigos publicados em periódicos com revisão por pares. Foram utilizados como critérios de exclusão o idioma, o tipo de artigo, o tema e os artigos repetidos. Essa seleção resultou em 52 artigos, que foram analisados na íntegra. ANÁLISE DOS DADOS: Foram consideradas as informações referentes a autor, periódico e data; título; tema e abordagem; casuística; critérios de inclusão e exclusão e conclusões. RESULTADOS: Os artigos abordam processos de intervenção, revisões de literatura, formação profissional e a contribuição dos pais no processo de intervenção. Apenas quatro artigos relatam a contribuição dos pais na aplicação dos princípios da ABA no ambiente doméstico. Os estudos sobre formação profissional enfatizam a valorização da formação especializada. A maioria das revisões de literatura conclui que os processos de intervenção são controversos, caros e dependentes de fatores externos. Embora artigos que relatam processos de intervenção envolvam 663 participantes, não é possível a realização de meta-análise devido à ausência de critérios de inclusão e caracterização comparáveis. CONCLUSÃO: Não há evidência suficiente para corroborar a preponderância da ABA sobre outras alternativas.
Differential Chemotherapeutic Sensitivity for Breast Tumors With “BRCAness”: A Review
Authors: Chalasani Pavani , Livingston Robert
Published: July 2013

Learning Objectives

Explain the concept of sporadic “BRCAness” in breast tumors. Describe the current status, obstacles, and future direction for utility of sporadic “BRCAness” in breast tumors.
Consolidation of weathered limestone using nanolime
Authors: Pesce Giovanni Luca , Morgan Deborah , Odgers David , Henry Alison , Allen Mollie , Ball Richard J.
Published: July 2013

Limestone sourced from Salisbury Cathedral and Bath Abbey (UK) was treated with commercially available nanolime of concentration 25 g/l. The response of the stones to the treatment was studied using a variety of analysis techniques including optical microscopy, electron microscopy, drilling resistance measurement and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Weathered and non-weathered surfaces of both types of stones were compared. All the specimens were characterised before and after the treatment to determine any changes in their properties caused by their weathering and by the treatment itself. Results show that the degradation processes of the stones strongly affect their interaction with nanolime consolidation treatments. Drilling resistance measurements of treated and untreated samples were compared. After 20 days significant increases in sub-surface drilling resistance was observed in the non-weathered Bath stone and a small increase in the weathered Bath stone after 6 months was also noted. Both weathered and non-weathered Chilmark stone showed an increase in drilling resistance after 6 months, however at 20 days this was most evident in the samples treated with nanolime in isopropanol as opposed to ethanol.
Effect of Alkaline‐Stabilized Biosolids on Alfalfa Molybdenum and Copper Content
Authors: Stehouwer Richard C. , Macneal Kirsten E.
Published: July 2013

Agricultural utilization of biosolids poses a potential risk to ruminant animals due to transfer of Mo from biosolids to forage to the animal in amounts large enough to suppress Cu uptake by the animal. Alkaline‐stabilized biosolids (ASB) must be given particular consideration in assessment of Mo risk because the high pH of these biosolids could increase Mo and decrease Cu uptake by forage legumes. In this 3‐yr field experiment, ASB and ground agricultural limestone (AL) were applied based on their alkalinity at rates equivalent to 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 times the lime requirement of the soil and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was grown. Alfalfa yield was similar with AL and ASB except in the second year when ASB produced larger yields, apparently due to increased B availability with ASB. Application of ASB did not detectably increase extractable soil Mo (0‐ to 15‐cm depth), but increased alfalfa Mo uptake in all cuttings with yield‐weighted uptake coefficients (UCs) of 8.07 and 7.11 following the first and second ASB applications, respectively. Although ASB increased extractable soil Cu, and alfalfa Cu content was greater with ASB than with AL, yield‐weighted alfalfa Cu to Mo ratio was decreased by ASB to levels near 3. These results suggest that ASB may have a greater effect on Mo uptake and Cu to Mo ratio of forage legumes than do other biosolids. Additional research is needed to determine implications of larger Mo cumulative loading with ASB for Mo risk, particularly in the soil pH range of 7 to 8.
Characterization of Cation–π Interactions in Aqueous Solution Using Deuterium Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhu Dongqiang , Herbert Bruce E. , Schlautman Mark A. , Carraway Elizabeth R.
Published: July 2013

Chemical interactions of aromatic organic contaminants control their fate, transport, and toxicity in the environment. Recent molecular modeling studies have suggested that strong interactions can occur between the π electrons of aromatic molecules and metal cations in aqueous solutions and/or on mineral surfaces, and that such interactions may be important in some environmental systems. However, spectroscopic evidence for these so‐called cation–π interactions has been extremely limited to date. In this paper, cation–π interactions in aqueous salt solutions were characterized via 2H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin–lattice relaxation times (T1) and calculations of molecular correlation times (τc) for a series of perdeuterated (d6–benzene) benzene–cation complexes. The T1 values for d6–benzene decreased with increasing concentrations of LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, and AgNO3, with the largest effects observed in the AgNO3 and CsCl solutions. Upon normalizing τc values by solution viscosity effects, an overall affinity trend of Ag+ ≫ Cs+ > K+ > Rb+ > Na+ > Li+ was derived for the d6–benzene–cation complexes. The ability of Ag+ to complex d6–benzene was significantly reduced upon addition of NH3, which strongly coordinates Ag+ at high pH. Results with d6–benzene, d8–naphthalene, d2–dichloromethane, and d12–cyclohexane in 0.1 M methanolic salt solutions confirmed that spin–lattice relaxation rates are characterizing cation–π interactions. The relatively strong cation–π bonding observed between Ag+ and aromatic hydrocarbons probably results from covalent interactions between the aromatic π electrons and the d orbitals of Ag+, in addition to the normal electrostatic interaction.
Solubility of Phosphorus and Heavy Metals in Potting Media Amended with Yard Waste–Biosolids Compost
Authors: Zhang M. K. , He Z. L. , Stoffella P. J. , Calvert D. V. , Yang X. E. , Xia Y. P. , Wilson S. B.
Published: July 2013

The potential risk of surface and ground water contamination by phosphorus (P) and heavy metals leached from compost‐based containerized media has become an environmental concern. Solubility and fractionation of P and heavy metals were evaluated in media containing 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100% compost derived from biosolids and yard trimmings for potential impacts on the environment. As compost proportion in peat‐based media increased from 0 to 100%, concentrations of total P, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Mn in the media increased whereas concentrations of total Co and Cr decreased. Except for Cu, all heavy metals in the water‐soluble fraction decreased with increasing compost proportion in the media, because of higher Fe, Al, and Ca concentrations and pH values of the composts than the peat. When the media pH is controlled and maintained at normal range of plant growth (5.5–6.5), leaching of the heavy metals is minimal. Incorporation of compost to the peat‐based media also decreased the proportion of total P that was water‐soluble. However, concentrations of bioavailable inorganic phosphorus (NaHCO3–IP), readily mineralizable organic phosphorus (NaHCO3–OP), potentially bioavailable inorganic phosphorus (NaOH‐IP), and potentially bioavailable organic phosphorus (NaOH‐OP) were still higher in the media amended with compost because of higher total P concentration in the compost. Further study is needed to verify if less or no topdressing of chemical P fertilizer should be applied to the compost‐amended media to minimize P effect on the environment when compost‐amended potting media are used for nursery or greenhouse crop production systems.
Phosphorus Fractionation in Manure from Swine Fed Traditional and Low‐Phytate Corn Diets
Authors: Wienhold Brian J. , Miller Phillip S.
Published: July 2013

Traditional corn (Zea mays L.) (TC), the primary grain used in swine (Sus scrofa) diets, stores a majority of its P as phytate, which is largely unavailable for digestion by nonruminant animals. Low‐phytate corn (LPC) contains similar amounts of total P but a smaller percentage of P as phytate. When fed to swine, LPC increases P utilization and reduces P content of manure. While differences in P content between manure from animals fed TC and LPC diets have been documented, solubility and lability of manure P have not been compared. Manure P was characterized in manure from swine fed either LPC or TC diets in 2000 and 2001. Total P was lower (20 vs. 34 g kg−1) and N to P ratio was higher (4.5 vs. 3.3) in LPC manure than in TC manure. Manures were sequentially extracted with deionized water, 0.5 M NaHCO3, 0.1 M NaOH, and 1.0 M HCl. Extracts were analyzed for inorganic and total P. Most P (approximately 80%) in the extracts was in the inorganic form. Concentration of P in the water‐extractable fraction was lower for LPC manure (10.2 g kg−1 in 2000 and 9.7 g kg−1 in 2001) than for TC manure (13.6 g kg−1 in 2000 and 17.0 g kg−1 in 2001). Percentage of total P in each extract was in the order of: H2O (60%), HCl (22%), NaHCO3 (12%), NaOH (8%), and residue (<1%). Total P and distribution of P in extracts indicates swine are able to utilize more P contained in LPC feed but the composition of P excreted in LPC manure is similar to TC manure. Solubility, crop availability, and lability of P in LPC manure should be similar to that of TC manure.
Pyrene Degradation in Forest Humus Microcosms with or without Pine and its Mycorrhizal Fungus
Authors: Koivula Teija T. , Salkinoja‐Salonen Mirja , Peltola Rainer , Romantschuk Martin
Published: July 2013

The mineralization potential of forest humus and the self‐cleaning potential of a boreal coniferous forest environment for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds was studied using a model ecosystem of acid forest humus (pH = 3.6) and pyrene as the model compound. The matrix was natural humus or humus mixed with oil‐polluted soil in the presence and absence of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and its mycorrhizal fungus (Paxillus involutus). The rates of pyrene mineralization in the microcosms with humus implants (without pine) were initially insignificant but increased from Day 64 onward to 47 μg kg−1 d−1 and further to 144 μg kg−1 d−1 after Day 105. In the pine‐planted humus microcosms the rate of mineralization also increased, reaching 28 μg kg−1 d−1 after Day 105. The 14CO2 emission was already considerable in nonplanted microcosms containing oily soil at Day 21 and the pyrene mineralization continued throughout the study. The pyrene was converted to CO2 at rates of 0.07 and 0.6 μg kg−1 d−1 in the oily‐soil implanted microcosms with and without pine, respectively. When the probable assimilation of 14CO2 by the pine and ground vegetation was taken into account the most efficient microcosm mineralized 20% of the 91.2 mg kg−1 pyrene in 180 d. The presence of pine and its mycorrhizal fungus had no statistically significant effect on mineralization yields. The rates of pyrene mineralization observed in this study for forest humus exceeded the total annual deposition rate of PAHs in southern Finland. This indicates that accumulation in forest soil is not to be expected.
Surface Retention and Photochemical Reactivity of the Diphenylether Herbicide Oxyfluorfen
Authors: Scrano Laura , Bufo Sabino A. , Cataldi Tommaso R. I. , Albanis Triantafyllos A.
Published: July 2013

The photochemical behavior of oxyfluorfen [2‐chloro‐1‐(3‐etoxy‐4‐nitrophenoxy)‐4‐(trifluoromethyl) benzene] on two Greek soils was investigated. Soils were sampled from Nea Malgara and Preveza regions, characterized by a different organic matter content. Soils were spiked with the diphenyl‐ether herbicide and irradiation experiments were performed either in the laboratory with a solar simulator (xenon lamp) or outside, under natural sunlight irradiation; other soil samples were kept in the dark to control the retention reaction. Kinetic parameters of both retention and photochemical reactions were calculated using zero‐, first‐ and second‐ (Langmuir–Hinshelwood) order equations, and best fit was checked through statistical analysis. The soil behaviors were qualitatively similar but quantitatively different, with the soil sampled from the Nea Malgara region much more sorbent as compared with Preveza soil. All studied reactions followed second‐order kinetics and photochemical reactions were influenced by retaining capability of the soils. The contributions of the photochemical processes to the global dissipation rates were also calculated. Two main metabolites were identified as 2‐chloro‐1‐(3‐ethoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenoxy)‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)benzene and 2‐chloro‐1‐(3‐hydroxy‐4‐nitrophenoxy)‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)benzene.
Concentration–Time Exposure Index for Modeling Soil Fumigation under Various Management Scenarios
Authors: Wang D. , He J. M. , Knuteson J. A.
Published: July 2013

Best management decisions in soil fumigation require informed management selections of soil type, field geometry, application dosage, and depth to maximize fumigant distribution for efficacy and minimize off‐site transport for environmental safety. An efficacy‐ or exposure‐based concentration–time exposure index (CTEI) was used to serve as a continuous quantitative efficacy assessment for soil fumigation by subsurface drip irrigation using numerical model simulations. The CTEI was defined as the ratio between the soil volume where concentration–time (CT) exceeded a threshold value for a particular pest–fumigant combination and the total soil volume required for fumigation treatment. Applications of CTEI as a simple efficacy index were demonstrated by simulating combinations of three soil types (loam, sandy loam, sand); three field configurations consisting of 102‐ and 203‐cm‐wide bed systems and a flat surface system; three application depths (15, 30, 45 cm); and two application rates (82 and 327 kg ha−1) for 1,3‐dichloropropene against citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) using a threshold air‐phase CT value of 12 μg h cm−3 obtained from a separate field study. For soil fumigation by subsurface drip irrigation, the order of importance in optimizing CTEI was soil type, depth of application and depth of treatment, dosage, and field configuration. Model simulation using CTEI as a numeric efficacy index can be an effective alternative to assist in the planning of field trials for making final management decisions concerning soil fumigation or other pesticide applications.
Sequential Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SSFE) for Estimating the Availability of High Molecular Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Historically Polluted Soils
Authors: Szolar Oliver H. J. , Rost Helmut , Hirmann Doris , Hasinger Marion , Braun Rudolf , Loibner Andreas P.
Published: July 2013

Sequential supercritical fluid (CO2) extraction (SSFE) was applied to eight historically contaminated soils from diverse sources with the aim to elucidate the sorption–desorption behavior of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The method involved five extraction phases applying successively harsher conditions by increasing fluid temperature and density mobilizing target compounds from different soil particle sites. Two groups of soils were identified based on readily desorbing (available) PAH fractions obtained under mildest extraction conditions (e.g., readily desorbing fractions of fluoranthene and pyrene significantly varied between the soils ranging from <10 to >90%). Moreover, extraction behavior strongly correlated with molecular weight revealing decreasing available PAH fractions with increasing weight. Physicochemical soil parameters such as particle size distribution and organic dry mass were found to have no distinct effect on the sorption–desorption behavior of PAHs in the different soils. However, PAH profiles significantly correlated with readily available pollutant fractions; soils with relatively less mobile PAHs had higher proportions of five‐ and six‐ring PAHs and vice versa. Eventually, biodegradability corresponded well with PAH recoveries under the two mildest extraction phases. However, a quantitative relationship was only established for soils with biodegradable PAHs. Out of eight soils, five showed no biodegradation including the four soils with the lowest fraction of readily desorbing PAHs. Only one soil (which was found to be highly toxic to Vibrio fischeri) did not match the overall pattern showing no PAH biodegradability but large fractions of highly mobile PAHs, concluding that mass transfer limitations may only be one of many factors governing biodegradability of PAHs.
Multicultural Experiences and Moral Development: an Empirical Study of Purchasing Managers
Authors: Lin Chieh -Yu
Published: July 2013

This study was an investigation of the relationship between multicultural experiences and moral development. A sample of 227 purchasing managers was assessed in relation to their multicultural experiences and moral development as measured by the Defining Issues Test (Rest, 1979). Results
indicated that moral development is significantly positively related to multicultural experiences, particularly the depth of the experiences.
An efficient derivative free iterative method for solving systems of nonlinear equations
Authors: Sharma Janak , Arora Himani
Published: July 2013

We present a derivative free method of fourth order convergence for solving
systems of nonlinear equations. The method consists of two steps of which
first step is the well-known Traub's method. First-order divided difference
operator for functions of several variables and direct computation by
Taylor's expansion are used to prove the local convergence order.
Computational efficiency of new method in its general form is discussed and
is compared with existing methods of similar nature. It is proved that for
large systems the new method is more efficient. Some numerical tests are
performed to compare proposed method with existing methods and to confirm the
theoretical results.
Accurate diagnostics of ataxia-telangiectasia cellular phenotype by employing in vitro lymphocyte radiosensitivity testing
Authors: Vujic Dragana , Petrovic Sandra , Leskovac Andreja , Joksic Ivana , Filipovic Jelena , Valenta-Sobot Ana
Published: July 2013

In this paper we present the data of lymphocyte radiosensitivity testing used
for characterization of radiosensitive cellular phenotype and diagnostics of
ataxia-telangiectasia disease. We point out the advantage of lymphocyte
micronucleus test (CBMN) over other cellular tests for assessment of
radiosensitivity: the first advantage of CBMN is that primary patient cells
are used (less than 1 ml), the second one is that the results of testing are
obtained within 3 days and there is no need for establishing a
patient-derived cell line, which requires additional time and application of
more expensive methods. The third advantage of CBMN method is that it gives
information about proliferative ability of cells, which can recognize
dysfunctional ataxia-telangiectasia mutated protein. The results are fast and
accurate in diagnostics of ataxia-telagiectasia diseases.
Geopolitics of Quantum Buddhism: Our Pre-Hydrocarbon Tao Future (No Breakthrough at the Rio+20 Summit)
Authors: Bajrektarevic Anis
Published: July 2013

From Rio to Rio with Kyoto, Copenhagen and Durban in between, the conclusion remains the same: we fundamentally disagree on realities of this planet and the ways we can address them. A decisive breakthrough would necessitate both wider contexts and a larger participatory base so as to identify problems, formulate policies, and broaden and synchronise our actions. Luminaries from the world of science, philosophy, religion, culture and sports are invited too. But, they – as usual – will stuff side-events panels, while only politics will make decisions. Who in politics is sincerely motivated for the long-range policies? This does not pay off politically as such policies are often too complex and too time-consuming to survive the frequency and span of national elections as well as the taste or comprehension of the median voter. Our crisis is not environmental, financial or politico-economic. Deep and structural, this is a crisis of thought, of courage, of our ideas, all which runs us into a deep moral recession. Therefore, very little headway will be made at the Rio Summit.
Studying the Impact of Using Multimedia Interactive Programs on Children's Ability to Learn Basic Math Skills
Authors: Nusir Sawsan , Alsmadi Izzat , Al-Kabi Mohammed , Sharadgah Fatima
Published: July 2013

The continuous inventions and evolutions in all information technology fields open new channels and opportunities to enhance teaching and educational methods. On one side, these may improve the abilities of educators to present information in interactive and media-enhanced formats relative to traditional methods. This may help students or learners through offering them the information in channels and methods that can be easier to understand, deal with and retrieve. On the other hand, offering those alternative methods of teaching can be helpful particularly for children, people with special needs, or students in rural areas where they can have virtual or remote instructors, especially for majors who have shortages. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of utilising multimedia technologies on enhancing, or not, the effectiveness of teaching students at early stages in Jordanian primary schools. To achieve this objective, a program has been developed to test the students' ability to understand basic mathematical knowledge and skills. Two groups were selected from a local school based on their own class distribution, where one group was taught the subject in basic math using a program developed for this purpose and the second class was taught the same subject using traditional methods of teaching (i.e. direct student-to-child instruction, board, etc.). Results showed that in such math skills at this age, using programs or multimedia-enhanced methods of teaching can be effective in getting students' attention, especially when cartoon characters are used. Results also showed that there is no significant difference in learning and knowledge skills and information absorption based on gender distribution, as a comparison of the results between little boys and girls showed no significant difference in their learning skills.
Use of shape correspondence analysis to quantify skeletal changes associated with bone-anchored Class III correction
Authors: Nguyen Tung , Cevidanes Lucia , Paniagua Beatriz , Zhu Hongtu , Koerich Leonardo , De Clerck Hugo
Published: July 2013

Objective:

To evaluate the three-dimensional (3D) skeletal changes in the mandibles of Class III patients treated with bone-anchored maxillary protraction using shape correspondence analysis.

Material and Method:

Twenty-five consecutive patients with skeletal Class III who were between the ages of 9 and 13 years (mean age, 11.10 ± 1.1 years) were treated using Class III intermaxillary elastics and bilateral miniplates (two in the infrazygomatic crests of the maxilla and two in the anterior mandible). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed for each patient before initial loading (T1) and at 1 year out (T2). From the CBCT scans, 3D models were generated, registered on the anterior cranial base, and analyzed using 3D linear distances and vectors between corresponding point-based surfaces.

Results:

Bone-anchored traction produced anteroposterior and vertical skeletal changes in the mandible. The novel application of Shape correspondence analysis showed vectors of mean (± standard deviation) distal displacement of the posterior ramus of 3.6 ± 1.4 mm, while the chin displaced backward by 0.5 ± 3.92 mm. The lower border of the mandible at the menton region was displaced downward by 2.6 ± 1.2 mm, and the lower border at the gonial region moved downward by 3.6 ± 1.4 mm. There was a downward and backward displacement around the gonial region with a mean closure of the gonial angle by 2.1°. The condyles were displaced distally by a mean of 2.6 ± 1.5 mm, and there were three distinct patterns for displacement: 44% backward, 40% backward and downward, and 16% backward and upward.

Conclusion:

This treatment approach induces favorable control of the mandibular growth pattern and can be used to treat patients with components of mandibular prognathism.
Pancreas Transplant Alone
Authors: Gruessner Rainer W.G. , Gruessner Angelika C.
Published: July 2013

The goal of this review is to highlight the significant improvements, over the past four decades, in outcomes after a pancreas transplant alone (PTA) in patients with brittle diabetes and recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia and/or hypoglycemic unawareness. A successful PTA—in contrast to intensive insulin regimens and insulin pumps—restores normoglycemia without the risk of hypoglycemia and prevents, halts, or reverses the development or progression of secondary diabetes complications. In this International Pancreas Transplant Registry (IPTR) analysis, we reviewed the records of 1,929 PTA recipients from December 1966 to December 2011. We computed graft survival rates according to the Kaplan-Meier method and used uni- and multivariate analyses. In the most recent era (January 2007–December 2011), patient survival rates were >95% at 1 year posttransplant and >90% at 5 years. Graft survival rates with tacrolimus-based maintenance therapy were 86% at 1 year and 69% at 3 years and with sirolimus, 94 and 84%. Graft survival rates have significantly improved owing to marked decreases in technical and immunologic graft failure rates (P < 0.05). As a result, the need for a subsequent kidney transplant has significantly decreased, over time, to only 6% at 5 years. With patient survival rates of almost 100% and graft survival rates of up to 94% at 1 year, a PTA is now a highly successful long-term option. It should be considered in nonuremic patients with brittle diabetes in order to achieve normoglycemia, to avoid hypoglycemia, and to prevent the development or progression of secondary diabetes complications.
Predictive Importance of Anthropometric and Training Data in Recreational Male Ironman Triathletes and Marathon Runners: Comment on the Study by Gianoli, et al. (2012)
Authors: Burtscher Martin , Gatterer Hannes
Published: July 2013

Anthropometric and training data have been reported as statistically significant predictors of race performance in endurance events. However, it is well established that physiological characteristics, i.e., maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), the use of a high percentage of VO2max during sustained exercise, and work efficiency are predominant predictors of performance in those events. Thus, the essential issue is whether the anthropometric and training data give additional predictive power beyond these other measures.
Native Reading Direction and Corresponding Preferences for Left- or Right-Lit Images
Authors: Smith Austen K. , Elias Lorin J.
Published: July 2013

The first language an individual learns has been shown to influence performance on cognitive tasks. Individuals who first learn to read and write in a left-to-right direction (native left-to-right readers) tend to bisect lines left of centre and draw counterclockwise circles, whereas those who learn to read and write from right-to-left (native right-to-left readers) will bisect lines closer to the objective centre and draw circles in a clockwise direction. The aim of the current study was to assess group differences in image preferences and eye movements when participants are simultaneously presented with an original and mirror image with an obvious illumination difference. Twenty native left-to-right readers (4 men, 16 women) and 25 native right-to-left readers (13 men, 12 women) participated. Left-to-right readers made more fixations on the left side of images and exhibited a significantly different left-lit image bias than right-to-left readers' choices. These results draw attention to the influence that reading direction has on scanning distributions and lighting preferences, and question previous results finding no difference between groups.
Peak Torque and Electromyographic Responses during Fatiguing Concentric Muscle Actions with Eyes-Open versus Eyes-Closed
Authors: Stock Matt S. , Beck Travis W. , Defreitas Jason M.
Published: July 2013

This study compared peak torque and electromyographic (EMG) mean frequency responses during fatiguing muscle actions with eyes-open vs eyesclosed. On four separate days, 21 men ( M age = 23 yr.) performed 100 repeated maximal concentric muscle actions of the forearm flexors with eyes-open, eyes-closed, eyes-closed for first 50 muscle actions, and eyes-closed for the last 50 muscle actions while surface EMG signals were collected from the biceps brachii. The data were examined with seven separate repeated measures analyses of variance. There were no mean differences among the conditions for initial, average, and final peak torque, percent decline, the linear slope coefficient for the decline in peak torque, as well as the linear slope coefficient and y-intercept for the normalized EMG mean frequency vs repetition number relationships. These findings indicate performance during fatiguing muscle actions is not influenced by whether participants have their eyes open or closed throughout testing.
Schneiderian Papillomas: Comparative Review of Exophytic, Oncocytic, and Inverted Types
Authors: Vorasubin Nopawan , Vira Darshni , Suh Jeffrey D. , Bhuta Sunita , Wang Marilene B.
Published: July 2013

Background

Sinonasal papillomas are benign epithelial neoplasms arising from Schneiderian mucosa. The three subtypes, exophytic, oncocytic, and inverted (inverted papilloma [IP]), should be distinguished from one another histopathologically. This study (1) highlight the histopathological and clinical differences between the Schneiderian papilloma subtypes and (2) identifies clinical features that potentially predict papilloma subtypes.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed of patients with Schneiderian papillomas over an 11-year period.

Results

Seventy patients with sinonasal papillomas who underwent sinus surgery were identified. There were 50 (71%) male and 20 (29%) female subjects diagnosed at an average age of 53 years (range, 13–80 years). Exophytic (n = 25), oncocytic (n = 9), and IP (n = 37) were identified. IP was associated with transformation into squamous cell carcinoma in three (8%) cases and dysplasia in three (8%) cases. Neither oncocytic nor exophytic subtypes were associated with dysplasia or malignancy. On multivariate analysis of potential predictors of papilloma subtype, history of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and location of papilloma were significantly associated with papilloma subtype. Using classification and regression tree model, papilloma subtypes can be predicted based on presence or absence of CRS and papilloma location with nominal 82.4% accuracy.

Conclusion

The inverted and exophytic type are the most common sinonasal papillomas, with the inverted type having an 8% rate of malignant transformation in this study. In contrast, the oncocytic type was not associated with dysplasia or malignancy in our series despite reports in the literature indicating malignant potential. History of CRS and papilloma location can provide clues to the histological subtype, which is important for surgical planning and patient counseling.
Management of Radiation-Induced Early Nasal Adhesion after Radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Xiang Liu , Fa-ya Liang , Ping Han , Hua Zou , Qiu-jian Chen , Xiao-yu Jiang , Rui-Chen Li , Xiao-Ming Huang
Published: July 2013

Background

This study investigates the conservative management of radiation-induced early nasal adhesion after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods

From June 2008 to June 2010, patients with bilateral or unilateral early nasal adhesion after radiotherapy for NPC were selected. All patients received endoscopic management and then nasal irrigation daily and nasal steroids spray for at least 3 months. All of the clinical data and follow-up endoscopy were analyzed.

Results

There were 40 patients enrolled. The mean follow-up period was 19.6 months (range, 12–24 months) after procedure. Thirty-eight patients (95%) had patent nasal cavity during follow-up. Two patients (5%) had not received endoscopy regularly and developed severe fibrosis. For the whole group, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, hyposmia, and xerostomia all were improved from before management according to visual analog score (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Therapeutic endoscopy in combination with nasal steroid sprays and nasal irrigation provides a convenient, simple, effective, and minimally invasive therapy to treat early radiation-induced nasal adhesion patients.
Family and friends' fears of recurrence: impact on the patient's recovery after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Covey Judith , Noble Adam J. , Schenk Thomas
Published: July 2013

Object

Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and their close friends and family may be excessively fearful that the patient will have a recurrence, and such fears could play a critical role in the poor recovery shown by many patients The authors examined whether these fears could account for significant variance in psychosocial outcomes.

Methods

The authors prospectively studied a sample of 69 patients with SAH alongside their spouse, other family member, and/or close friend identified as their significant other (SO). The patient/SO pairs were assessed at 13 months postictus for their fears of recurrence and for health-related quality of life on the 8 domains of the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey.

Results

The SOs were found to be significantly more fearful of SAH recurrence than the patients. The SO's fears also explained unique variance in the patient's recovery on 4 of the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey domains over and above the patient's own fears, demographic and/or neurological variables, and the patient's history of psychiatric or neurological problems. The domains affected reflected activity-based and functional aspects of the patient's quality of life as opposed to more general characteristics of their emotional well-being or physical health state.

Conclusions

The patient's recovery may be compromised if their spouse, close family, and/or friends are excessively fearful about their suffering a recurrence. Perhaps the SO's fears cause them to be overprotective of the patient and to restrict their day-to-day activities. Attention must therefore be given to the experience of having a loved one suffer from an SAH, and alleviating the caregiver's fears could help to promote a better outcome for the patient.
Blood cell chimerism (XX/XY) in Murrah buffalo bulls
Authors: Katragadda S , Patel RK , Kotikalapudi R
Published: July 2013

To investigate the chemeric condition of bulls by cytogenetic analysis the present study was conducted. The whole blood culture, cell harvesting, conventional Giemsa staining and GTG banding were performed for the chromosomal studies. During cytogenetic investigation on 200 buffalo bulls, 3 young bulls exhibited sex chromosomal chimerism (XX/XY) in their blood cells. Hundred metaphase fields were screened for each bull. Cytogenetic studies on chimeric bulls indicated unusual higher ratio of XX chromosomes in 3 bulls. The fertility status of these bulls are not known as they are young and not in semen collection. As documented, the fertility of chimeric bulls is not grossly affected and the condition is not inheritable. Hence, the bulls may be used for breeding programmes if their semen quality is good. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15761 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (1): 20-22
Effect of methionine supplementation on the growth performance of rabbit
Authors: Yesmin S , Uddin ME , Chacrabati R , Al-Mamun M
Published: July 2013

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of methionine supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and growth performance of growing rabbit. Sixteen weaned crossbred New Zealand White (NZW) growing rabbits (30-35 d) were distributed into four treatment groups having four replications in each group using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Basal diet composed of green grass (dhal grass) and concentrate mixture which was offered ad libitum basis for 56 days period. Four levels of methionine such as 0.0% (control), 0.15%, 0.25%, and 0.35% were supplemented randomly to rabbits. Results showed that supplementation of methionine did not affect green grass intake. Cumulative as well as daily concentrate and DM intake were significantly (p<0.05) higher for all methionine groups than control group. Final body weight gain as well as daily, weekly and cumulative body weight gains were improved significantly with increasing level of methionine. It was found that methionine had significant (p<0.01) effect on digestibility of DM, CP, NFE and EE but CF digestibility did not differ significantly. Digestibility was improved with increasing the level of methionine. Feed conversion ratio also decreased significantly with methionine supplementation, and 0.25% methionine group showed the best performance among the four treatments. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15777 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (1): 40 43
Clinical Profile of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in Children
Authors: Islam MN , Tabib SMSB , Rahman MM , Hannan A
Published: July 2013

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.1(4) 1994 pp.6-14