bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of Multiple Causes of Death in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Pinheiro Frederico A.G. , Souza Deborah C.C. , Sato Emilia I.
Published: October 2015

Objective.

To evaluate rheumatoid arthritis (RA)–related mortality in the state of São Paulo (Brazil).

Methods.

Data from all death certificates (DC) from 1996 to 2010 were analyzed using a multiple cause-of-death method. We compared the results from 2 subperiods (1996–2000 and 2006–2010).

Results.

We found 3955 DC related to RA — 27.6% with RA as the underlying cause of death (UCD) and 72.4% with RA as the nonunderlying cause of death (NUCD). Ninety percent of RA-related deaths occurred at age ≥ 50 years. The mean ages at death were 67.1 ± 13.3 and 67.9 ± 13 years for RA as the UCD and NUCD, respectively. The most frequent NUCD associated with RA were pneumonia, sepsis, renal failure, interstitial lung disease, and heart failure. In the last subperiod, there was an increase in infectious causes. When RA was an NUCD, we observed a decrease in the mean age at death for the last subperiod (p = 0.021). The most common UCD were circulatory and respiratory system diseases. Comparing the mean age at death between RA-related deaths and the general population when deaths occurred at ages beyond 50 years, the linear regression analysis showed a downward curve for RA-related death (p < 0.001 and r = −0.795), while for the general population, as expected, the curve had an upward pattern (p < 0.001 and r = 0.993).

Conclusion.

Unexpectedly, RA-related deaths occurred at earlier ages in the more recent subperiod. Cardiovascular disease remained the most important cause, and infectious diseases are an increasing cause of death associated with RA, raising the question of whether infections were related to the more vigorous immunosuppressive treatment recommended by recent guidelines.
Biomarkers in Remission According to Different Criteria in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Yilmaz-Oner Sibel , Ozen Gulsen , Can Meryem , Atagunduz Pamir , Direskeneli Haner , Inanc Nevsun
Published: October 2015

Objective.

Remission is the primary aim in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we aimed to evaluate biomarker profiles of patients in remission by different criteria and compare these profiles with controls.

Methods.

Serum levels of calprotectin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), type II collagen helical peptide, C-terminal crosslinking telopeptide of type I collagen generated by matrix metalloproteinases (ICTP), matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3), resistin, and leptin were measured by ELISA in 80 patients. The patients were in Disease Activity Score at 28 joints with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) remission, and had these characteristics: female/male 54/26, mean age 51.4 ± 12.1 years, mean disease duration 11.4 ± 8.1 years, rheumatoid factor positivity 68.7% (n = 55), anticyclic citrullinated peptide positivity 60.7% (n = 48). These patients were also evaluated for the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (Boolean) and Simple Disease Activity Index (SDAI) remissions. Additionally, 80 age-, sex-, and comorbidity-matched individuals without rheumatic diseases were included in the study as controls.

Results.

At recruitment of 80 patients in DAS28 remission, 33 patients (41.2%) were found in Boolean remission and 39 patients (48.7%) were in SDAI remission. Serum MMP-3, ICTP, resistin, and IL-6 levels of the 80 patients in DAS28 remission were statistically significantly higher than the controls. Patients in Boolean and SDAI remissions had significantly higher serum ICTP, resistin, and IL-6 levels in comparison with the controls.

Conclusion.

The 3 commonly used remission criteria of RA are almost similar with regard to patients’ biomarker levels. Biomarker profiles of patients may provide complementary information to clinical evaluation of remission and may help to determine the patients under the risk of progression.
Voyages dans le monde : une figure de l'habiter mobile
Authors: Violier Philippe , Giffon Sigrid
Published: October 2015

Le projet de cet article vise à analyser le Monde de l'habiter mobile à partir des statistiques de l'Organisation Mondiale du Tourisme, soit les voyages entre les États. Après une critique de cette source, qui met en évidence la confusion de la définition et des modalités de comptage, l'article met en évidence un Monde hiérarchisé marqué par des flux organisés de manière prioritaire entre les sociétés riches, et de manière secondaire par des divergences vers des espaces peu intégrés au système monde. Cet état de fait résulte d'une tension entre les projets des voyageurs et les contraintes que la distance, l'inégale répartition des richesses et l'altérité leur opposent.
Les réseaux de villes baltiques : la dimension spatiale de la recomposition des niveaux
Authors: Escach Nicolas
Published: October 2015

Depuis la fin des années 1980, les acteurs locaux sont confrontés à une recomposition des interactions entre niveaux géographiques. Ils doivent composer plus directement avec un nombre accru de niveaux dans un contexte interterritorial complexe et hybride, régi par une concurrence très forte entre municipalités. Les réseaux de villes apparaissent alors comme des outils d'adaptation, surtout dans le cas des villes baltiques qui s'inscrivent de manière singulière dans les processus d'européanisation politique et de mondialisation économique. Leur étude permet d'identifier différentes traductions spatiales des stratégies interterritoriales trop souvent considérées sous le seul prisme de la gouvernance.
Le care : un concept professionnel aux limites humaines ?
Authors: Noël-Hureaux Elisabeth
Published: October 2015

Les récentes mutations de nos sociétés ont mis au jour de nouvelles formes du care traversées par des enjeux qui repositionnent les relations de service et mettent l’accent sur la pluralité des formes de vulnérabilité. A la lumière de différentes approches théoriques, nous proposons de présenter les différents aspects du care à la fois inscrit historiquement et repensé principalement depuis les années 2000 dans un contexte social, éthique et politique. Nous avons mis en évidence les différentes facettes du soin et leurs impacts pour la professionnalisation infirmière.
Le care , le caring , le cure et le soignant
Authors: Morvillers Jean-Manuel
Published: October 2015

En raison de la polysémie du concept de care et de ses significations culturelles variées, le but de cet article est d’aborder ce concept en débutant par une clarification de ses origines étymologiques. Outre cette clarification, les objectifs de cet article consistent à faire ressortir les rapports du care avec ceux du cure , les implications du «  care  » dans le management des équipes de soins. L’analyse étymologique est réalisée à partir d’écrits encyclopédiques, permettant de discuter le sens originel du concept. Les résultats de cette analyse montrent que le sens d’origine du care s’ancre sur les affects et le ressenti, qui amènent au caring . Par conséquent, une dimension personnelle lui est inhérente. Cette réflexion tente de montrer que le care ne s’oppose pas au cure , mais qu’il est impératif de sensibiliser les infirmier(e)s à la dimension personnelle du care pour devenir le caring avec l’appui du management. La conclusion dévoile qu’une dimension personnelle du caring , soutenue par des valeurs humanistes, participe de la dimension professionnelle du rôle infirmier. Ainsi, ces deux dimensions, qui doivent croître ensemble, sont incontournables pour l’exercice infirmier.
Care en soins infirmiers au Brésil
Authors: Spagnol Carla Aparecida , Fortuna Cinira Magali , Villa Eliana Aparecida , Velloso Isabela Silva Câncio , Salviano Márcia Eller Miranda
Published: October 2015

Cet article a comme objectif de proposer une réflexion sur le care en soins infirmiers au Brésil sur la base de certaines théories. A cette fin, nous débutons par une discussion sur le concept anglo-saxon du care et les possibles similitudes de traduction en langue portugaise. Nous présentons ensuite des auteurs qui étayèrent théoriquement certaines productions scientifiques dans le domaine de la santé et, spécifiquement, en soins infirmiers au Brésil. A partir de cette analyse, nous avons identifié la présence de diverses formes de penser les soins infirmiers. Néanmoins, en ce qui concerne le concept de care , tel qu’il est proposé en France, il n’existe que de rares études ou de recherches dont l’objet d’étude est le care . Toutefois, même face à cette production académique limitée à propos du care en santé, et en particulier dans le cadre des soins infirmiers au Brésil, il est possible de noter que les présupposés conceptuels sont en lien avec des enjeux spécifiques. Ces derniers sont basés sur des politiques de santé précises, telles que la Politique Nationale d’Humanisation et la Politique d’Éducation Permanente en Santé, ainsi que la propre organisation du Système Unique de Santé (SUS) qui visent l’intégralité de la prise en charge du patient.
L’enseignement du care en IFSI
Authors: Petrus-Krupsky Marie
Published: October 2015

Les Instituts de formation en soins infirmiers (IFSI) sont acteurs de la formation initiale infirmière. A ce titre, ils sont également acteurs de la transmission du care . Le care constitue une philosophie pratique fondamentale, infrastructure et non super structure, sur laquelle s’appuient toutes les dimensions du soin infirmier. Il peut se définir comme une posture psychologique, psychique incarnée dans une posture corporelle et verbale au service d’une communication singulière à un être singulier. La réforme des études infirmières de juillet 2009 mise en œuvre par les IFSI a-t-elle une incidence sur ce postulat ? La redistribution des rôles entre les différents acteurs de l’enseignement infirmier (formateurs en IFSI, professionnels des terrains de stage et enseignants universitaires) est interrogée. Quels sont les données à voir du prescrit du nouveau référentiel et du réel des modes et des contenus d’enseignement ? Qu’en est-il aujourd’hui de la transmission du care lors de la formation initiale infirmière ? Et quelles sont les prospectives qui se dessinent ?
Tachycardia in the Neonate
Authors: Woo Joyce , Khan Owais , Caldarelli Leslie , Williams Paula
Published: October 2015

Atrial flutter (AFL) is the second most common type of tachyarrhythmia in the fetus and neonate. An atrial rate of 240 to 360 beats per minute, 2:1 atrioventricular conduction, and a “saw tooth” appearance on electrocardiogram (ECG) are characteristic. On echocardiogram, bilateral atrial dilatation is the most common finding. Treatment is dependent on the severity of symptoms; delivery is usually indicated in the case of fetal heart failure or hydrops fetalis, whereas postnatal AFL is most commonly treated with direct current cardioversion (DCC). This article presents an illustrative case in which the patient presented antenatally via abnormal nonstress testing and subsequent fetal echocardiogram that was concerning for AFL. Postnatal ECG confirmed this diagnosis and the patient received DCC on the day of birth, followed by digoxin and propranolol as maintenance therapy.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2015;44(10):e247–e250.]
A Review of Fanconi Anemia for the Practicing Pediatrician
Authors: Triemstra Justin , Pham An , Rhodes Lindsay , Waggoner Darrel J. , Onel Kenan
Published: October 2015

Early recognition of a patient who might have Fancomi anemia by the general pediatrician and referral to a tertiary care center with a dedicated cancer risk program is critical for early diagnosis. Genetic testing and close multidisciplinary surveillance is required for patients with this syndrome and their families because of its multisystem involvement and propensity for early-onset bone marrow failure and leukemic transformation. This article reviews the clinical symptoms and signs, radiologic findings, and screening guidelines of FA for the general pediatrician.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2015;44(10):444–445,448,450,452.]
Interpretar la oscuridad: cuevas, arte rupestre y análisis de luz simulada mediante escenas virtuales
Authors: Barcia García Camilo , Maximiano Castillejo Alfredo M.
Published: October 2015

Advances in digital technology have raised the capacity of capturing, processing and analyzing spatial data, bringing realistic and accurate reproductions of the elements in archaeological spaces. Current hardware and software have great potential in modelling phenomena and simulating their parameters, leading effective resources to these archaeological issues that have been hard to tackle until recent dates (intrusive techniques, heritage risk, hidden places, unavoidable impediments…). Thus, to approach contextual implications, we propose lighting simulation in aphotic sites as a procedure to study spatial relations between social agents and elements. In this paper we relate the necessary light intensity, its spatial distribution, and any derived implications for activity performing, especially in rock art production and visualization.
Modelado 3D para la generación de patrimonio virtual
Authors: Díaz Gómez Francisco , Jiménez Peiró Josué , Barreda Benavent Amparo , Asensi Recuenco Bárbara , Hervás Juan Juan
Published: October 2015

The present article is focused on the generation of virtual 3D contents from cultural heritage. Its main structure is divided in two well-defined blocks: the first one focused in the generation of 3D models, analyzing the most used technologies of 3D measuring in the cultural heritage, the most important software applications for the management of the 3D models obtained and the generation of the target contents; and a second block for exposing two case studies showing potential of these technologies, previously shown, for approaching the cultural heritage to both the general public and researchers, due to the development of the information and communication technologies.
¿Por qué los yacimientos arqueológicos están tan pobremente representados en Internet?
Authors: Gómez Merino José Luis
Published: October 2015

In spite of the great growth of all human activities on internet, Archaeological settlements show a poor reflection in the most important media of the XXI Century. There aren 't useful models for a good communication of heritage. In most cases the historical significance of Archaeological sites and the human and economic resources allocated to them have a minimum mirror on Internet. 
Visualización tridimensional hiperrealista e interactiva: Cámara Santa y Joyas de la Catedral de Oviedo
Authors: Ruiz Julio , Rovés Luis , García Voces Ángel
Published: October 2015

The New developments in 3D data registration and post processing have enabled us to obtain models whose final design means a qualitative step in order to reach a much more realistic viewing of them for both cases: sculptures and architectural monuments. Uniting 3D scanning technologies, photogrammetry, texture mapping, 3D imaging software tools and interactive content, we found novel and higher levels of quality in the images. Thanks to the new software display - with these images made in Unity - a new field emerges which find applications in improved interactivity , cellular phones, tablets, augmented reality and related technologies, as well as in the development of future platforms such as holodisplays, auto stereoscopic 3D television computer vision, etc. In this way it provides an excellent tool for heritage but a valuable working tool for professionals too. 
Modelos digitales aplicados a la intervención del patrimonio arquitectónico: La restauración del remate sureste de la puerta de San Cristóbal en la catedral de Sevilla
Authors: Pinto Puerto Francisco , Guerrero Vega José María
Published: October 2015

Interventions in historical heritage present an opportunity to gain a deeper knowledge of the element in question. The use of an appropriate methodology and the rational application of the technologies now available allow researchers from different disciplines to obtain valuable information that must be recorded and placed at the disposal of society in general. The recent consolidation works carried out on the finial of the spiral staircase of the San Cristóbal Door of Seville Cathedral is a case in point. In addition to creating an elevation of this architectural element, a virtual model was generated, incorporating all the data obtained during the course of the works. The theoretical bases were explored prior to creating the model, highlighting the importance of a profound preliminary analysis as well as the dissemination possibilities. 
Forum Renascens (Los Bañales de Uncastillo, Zaragoza): Arqueología de la Arquitectura de un foro romano al servicio de la difusión por medio de la Arqueología Virtual
Authors: Serrano Basterra Pablo , Andreu Pintado Javier
Published: October 2015

An archaeological site concerning the remains of an ancient Roman city, developed mainly from 1st BC to III AD, in the area named "Los Bañales", is located at the south of the current town of Uncastillo (Zaragoza, Spain) in Comarca de las Cinco Villas. From 2008 the archaeological site is been studied in a interdisciplinar research project leaded by Fundación Uncastillo under the autorizathion of Gobierno de Aragón. Last seasons of excavation have been focused in the forum, the ancient public square of the roman town, still in process of research. It was a quite small square but following all the requeriments of those type of buildings in Roman Achitecture. Using Blender software, a model of recreation of the forum is being done. The following paper presents a brief summary of the dossier of decissions concerning this recreation result, however, of the interdisciplinar cooperation between historians, archaeologists and architects. 
Simulation Strategies to Teach Patient Transfers: Self-Efficacy by Strategy
Authors: Baird Joanne M. , Raina Ketki D. , Rogers Joan C. , O’Donnell John , Terhorst Lauren , Holm Margo B.
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE. We evaluated the effects of transfer training—after training in the classroom and in the high-technology simulation laboratory (WISER Center)—on students’ perceptions of their self-efficacy for knowledge, skill, and safety in executing dependent transfers.

METHOD. After classroom training, occupational therapy students were randomized to three teaching groups on the basis of the amount of participation and observation opportunities provided at the WISER Center—observation dominant, participation dominant, and participation only.

RESULTS. The participation-dominant group reported an increase in knowledge self-efficacy over time compared with the observation-dominant and participation-only groups. Over time, self-efficacy ratings increased for all students, regardless of group.

CONCLUSION. Simulation scenarios implemented at the WISER Center provided a useful adjunct to classroom training in transfer skills. Both participatory and observational experiences contributed to the development of students’ perceptions of their ability to manage acutely ill and medically complex patients.
The relationship between plasmapause, solar wind and geomagnetic activity between 2007 and 2011
Authors: Verbanac G. , Pierrard V. , Bandić M. , Darrouzet F. , Rauch J.-L. , Décréau P.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Taking advantage of the Cluster satellite mission and especially the observations made by the instrument WHISPER to deduce the electron number density along the orbit of the satellites, we studied the relationships between the plasmapause positions (LPP) and the following LPP indicators: (a) solar wind coupling functions Bz (Z component of the interplanetary magnetic field vector, B, in GSM system), BV (related to the interplanetary electric field; B is the magnitude of the interplanetary magnetic field vector, V is solar wind velocity), and dΦmp/dt (which combines different physical processes responsible for the magnetospheric activity) and (b) geomagnetic indices Dst, Ap and AE. The analysis is performed separately for three magnetic local time (MLT) sectors (Sector1 – night sector (01:00–07:00 MLT); Sector2 – day sector (07:00–16:00 MLT); Sector3 – evening sector (16:00–01:00 MLT)) and for all MLTs taken together. All LPP indicators suggest the faster plasmapause response in the postmidnight sector. Delays in the plasmapause responses (hereafter time lags) are approximately 2–27 h, always increasing from Sector1 to Sector3. The obtained fits clearly resolve the MLT structures. The variability in the plasmapause is the largest for low values of LPP indicators, especially in Sector2. At low activity levels,LPP exhibits the largest values on the dayside (in Sector2) and the smallest on the postmidnight side (Sector1). Displacements towards larger values on the evening side (Sector3) and towards lower values on the dayside (Sector2) are identified for enhanced magnetic activity. Our results contribute to constraining the physical mechanisms involved in the plasmapause formation and to further study the still not well understood related issues.
A Bayesian hierarchical model for reconstructing relative sea level: from raw data to rates of change
Authors: Cahill N. , Kemp A. C. , Horton B. P. , Parnell A. C.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. We present a holistic Bayesian hierarchical model for reconstructing the continuous and dynamic evolution of relative sea-level (RSL) change with fully quantified uncertainty. The reconstruction is produced from biological (foraminifera) and geochemical (δ13C) sea-level indicators preserved in dated cores of salt-marsh sediment. Our model is comprised of three modules: (1) A Bayesian transfer function for the calibration of foraminifera into tidal elevation, which is flexible enough to formally accommodate additional proxies (in this case bulk-sediment δ13C values), (2) A chronology developed from an existing Bchron age-depth model, and (3) An existing errors-in-variables integrated Gaussian process (EIV-IGP) model for estimating rates of sea-level change. We illustrate our approach using a case study of Common Era sea-level variability from New Jersey. USA We develop a new Bayesian transfer function (B-TF), with and without the δ13C proxy and compare our results to those from a widely-used weighted-averaging transfer function (WA-TF). The formal incorporation of a second proxy into the B-TF model results in smaller vertical uncertainties and improved accuracy for reconstructed RSL. The vertical uncertainty from the multi-proxy B-TF is ∼ 28 % smaller on average compared to the WA-TF. When evaluated against historic tide-gauge measurements, the multi-proxy B-TF most accurately reconstructs the RSL changes observed in the instrumental record (MSE = 0.003 m2). The holistic model provides a single, unifying framework for reconstructing and analysing sea level through time. This approach is suitable for reconstructing other paleoenvironmental variables using biological proxies.
Topographic roughness as a signature of the emergence of bedrock in eroding landscapes
Authors: Milodowski D. T. , Mudd S. M. , Mitchard E. T. A.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Rock is exposed at the Earth surface when rates of erosion locally exceed rates of soil production. The thinning of soils and emergence of bedrock has implications spanning geomorphology, ecology and hydrology. Soil-mantled hillslopes are typically shaped by diffusion-like sediment transport processes that act to smooth topography through time, generating the familiar smooth, convex hillslope profiles that are common in low relief landscapes. Other processes, however, can roughen the landscape. Bedrock emergence can produce rough terrain; in this contribution we exploit the contrast between rough patches of bedrock outcrop and smooth, diffusion-dominated soil to detect bedrock outcrops. Specifically, we demonstrate that the local variability of surface normal vectors, measured from 1 m resolution airborne LiDAR data, can be used as a topographic signature to identify areas within landscapes where rock exposure is present. We then use this roughness metric to investigate the transition from soil-mantled to bedrock hillslopes as erosion rates increase in two transient landscapes, Bald Rock Basin, which drains into the Middle Fork Feather River, California, and Harrington Creek, a tributary of the Salmon River, Idaho. Rather than being abrupt, as predicted by traditional soil production models, in both cases the transition from fully soil-mantled to bedrock hillslopes is gradual and spatially heterogeneous, with rapidly eroding hillslopes supporting a patchwork of bedrock and soil that is well documented by changes in topographic roughness, highlighting the utility of this metric for testing hypotheses concerning the emergence of bedrock and adding to a growing body of evidence that indicates the persistence of partial soil mantles in steep, rapidly eroding landscapes.
In-Storage-Psychrophilic-Anaerobic-Digestion (ISPAD) process. Part I: Model Development and Calibration
Authors: Madani Hosseini Mahsa , Mulligan Catherine N. , Barrington Suzelle
Published: October 2015

In-Storage-Psychrophilic-Anaerobic-Digestion (ISPAD) is a treatment system applicable to wastewaters stored for over 100 days, such as livestock wastes and municipal sludge. The ISPAD system differs from conventional reactors by being a sequentially fed batch process operating at a temperature fluctuating with ambient. The objective of this study was to develop a mathematical model to simulate the ISPAD process, verify the value of its microbial kinetics, and to simulate the pH evolution of its content along with its methane (CH4) production. Furthermore, the values of the ISPAD microbial kinetics were compared to that of previous years to track for further acclimation to psychrophilic conditions. Simulation of ISPAD was achieved using the Simulink/Matlab software. The model was calibrated using laboratory data obtained from batch experiments using 7-year-old ISPAD inoculum, and glucose as substrate, and where glucose, VFAs and pH changes were monitored along with biogas production. The ISPAD model showed good agreement with the experimental data representing the system behaviour between 4 and 35 ºC. Although microbial activity at 4 °C was much slower than that at 18 and 35 ºC, it showed acclimation to low temperatures. Furthermore, comparison of microbial kinetic values over 3 years of field ISPAD monitoring demonstrated continued population acclimation, especially for the methanogens.
Challenges and Coping Strategies of Adult Learners in Tertiary Institutions: A Case Study of University of Cape Coast in Ghana
Authors: Ofori Racheal , Okyere Enoch Danso , Nyarko Gifty Seiwaa
Published: October 2015

The study examined challenges adult learners in the University of Cape Coast face and the strategies they adopt in coping with these challenges. The case study research design was used and involved 18 respondents who were selected through purposive sampling technique. The hermeneutic method was used to analyze the data. The findings show that ICT and library are indispensable learning resources but adult learners have difficulty with their usage. Adult learners fail to avail themselves of counseling services on campus. It is recommended that ICT education should be intensified for these learners. Adult learners should be separated from the younger ones during ICT lessons in order to serve their special needs in the use of this resource. The wireless internet service should be active all the time and should be expanded to serve all halls and nearby hostels of the university.
Goodwill Accounting Alternative: Private Versus Non-private Companies
Authors: Gray Dahli , Jorge Monica , Rodriguez Laura
Published: October 2015

This article examines the accounting change effective after December 15, 2015 and illustrates the Goodwill Accounting Alternative available to private companies as introduced by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-18 Business Combinations (Topic 805) Accounting for Identifiable Intangible Assets in a Business Combination—a consensus of the Private Company Council (PCC). The measurement and reporting results of private companies are compared with those of public business entities and not-for-profit entities (i.e., non-private companies) for the same in-scope transactions (i.e., acquisitions, assessing fair value under the equity method, and reorganizations). If a private company adopts the FASB ASU 2014-18, then it must also adopt the FASB ASU 2014-02 Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) Accounting for Goodwill—a consensus of the PCC. This results in the private company amortizing goodwill over 10 or fewer years using the straight-line method. Non-private companies use goodwill impairment testing involving fair value measurements. The illustration presented includes a comparison of the initial and subsequent period measurement and reporting requirements and results and indicates that financial accounting choice can result in a significant monetary difference in the total reported owners’ equity.
Aspectos medioambientales en los análisis de eficiencia
Authors: Dios-Palomares Rafaela , Lopez de Pablo David Alcaide , Diz Pérez José , Jurado Bello Manuel , Guijarro Angel Prieto , Martinez-Paz Jóse Miguel , Zúniga González Carlos Alberto
Published: October 2015

El presente estudio se focalizó en una revisión de investigaciones aplicadas utilizando variables agroclimáticas con la incorporación de efectos medio ambientales en el análisis de la eficiencia. Se consideró el análisis econométrico, el enfoque de la eficiencia técnico-ambiental, el enfoque eco-eficiencia, el enfoque metafronteras, enfoque de la eficiencia ambiental, el balance de materiales.  Las conclusiones del estudio evidencia la necesidad de utilizar el análisis de eficiencia u productividad considerando los factores medioambientales y las variaciones del cambio climático. La importancia de estos factores incide en los procesos productivos para medir la eficiencia y la productividad.  Se recomienda la investigación en el desarrollo de nuevas metodologías en esta parcela del análisis de eficiencia, y también que se apliquen las ya existentes para no llegar a malas estimaciones al no considerar la realidad que nos rodea.
Modelo de indicadores de vulnerabilidad al cambio climático y su representación espacial en la región centro-Golfo de México
Authors: Zerecero-Salazar Brenda Carolina , Ibarrarán-Viniegra María Eugenia , Gómez Guerrero Armando , Hernández-De la Rosa Patricia , González-Guillén Manuel de Jesús , Escalona-Maurice Miguel Jorge , Sardiñas Gómez Oreste , Rivera Carlos , Toruño Pedro
Published: October 2015

El tema de Cambio Climático (CC) es aún debatible, pero la evaluación de vulnerabilidad a eventos extremos es indispensable para un uso estratégico de los recursos públicos. Ejemplo reciente son los impactos de los ciclones “Ingrid” y “Manuel” que se hubieran aminorado si años atrás se hubiera evaluado la vulnerabilidad de la zona y distribuido recursos en concordancia. Este trabajo evaluó la vulnerabilidad a CC de una franja del centro del país hacia Golfo de México, alineada a la dirección que frecuentemente siguen los ciclones. Adaptado el modelo de Malone y Brenkert (2008), se emplearon como indicadores de vulnerabilidad variables socioeconómicas, biofísicas y climáticas. Los subcriterios más importante para vulnerabilidad al CC son el tamaño de la población, marginación, tecnología para la producción, degradación de los recursos naturales y capacidad económica. La evaluación de vulnerabilidad también se realizó dando peso diferenciado a las variables de acuerdo a la opinión de expertos, con resultados similares. La evaluación de la vulnerabilidad a CC mediante el modelo empleado es una herramienta de valiosa para detectar las áreas prioritarias para el uso de recursos y minimizar los impactos de eventos climáticos extremos.
Survey of Solid Minerals in Rocks of Ditera and Waltadi, Song, Nigeria
Authors: Osemeahon S.A. , Maitera O. N. , Aliyu Benson
Published: October 2015

Rock samples from seven (7) locations (with mountains ranging between 1000-1500m above sea level) of Ditera (Kuba, Laba, Bwara and Batum) and Waltadi (Gbang, Gbang Kolora, & Tewozo) Districts of Song Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria were investigated for solid minerals and metallic oxides. X-ray diffraction spectrophotometer used in the identification of the solid minerals revealed the presence quartz, albite and phlogopite in Kuba, quartz, albite, rutile and fluorannite in Laba, marshite, covellite, otavite, quartz and calcite in Bwara, quartz, oyelite, covellite and tenorite in Batum, barite alone in Gbang, quartz, covellite, ulvospinel, montmorillonite, rutile, and marshite in Gbang Kolora, and found in Tewozo were; quartz covellite, albite and marshite. Of the thirteen different minerals identified in these locations, quartz is the most dominantly present. Further investigation in which the rock samples were analyzed for their constituent major and minor oxides using X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer also revealed the presence of some oxides which both qualitatively and quantitatively confirmed the presence of the solid minerals in the rock samples analyzed.
Petro-Nationalism: The Futile Search for Oil Security
Authors: Griffin James M.
Published: October 2015

This paper takes the contrarian viewpoint that petro-nationalist oil security policies by oil consuming nations are likely to be ineffectual, very costly, and politically destabilizing internationally. Because the world oil market is one big bathtub, oil security is a public goods problem with a worldwide scope. Thus cooperative solutions are essential. Particularly troublesome are bilateral supply agreements and efforts to achieve oil autarky, which aim specifically at achieving a political or economic advantage vis-a-vis other oil consuming nations. These misguided actions are likely to trigger politically destabilizing oil resource competition among major oil consuming nations.
Impacto do zumbido em idosos praticantes e não praticantes de exercício físico
Authors: Arizola Hilda Gabriela Arantes de , Teixeira Adriane Ribeiro
Published: October 2015

Introdução: O zumbido é a percepção do som sem a presença de estímulo sonoro externo, sendo negativamente impactante para os indivíduos afetados. Já a prática de exercício físico pode exercer efeito positivo nesses sujeitos. Objetivo: Verificar o impacto do zumbido em idosos praticantes e não praticantes de exercício físico, considerando-se idade e gênero. Métodos: Nesta pesquisa transversal, quantitativa e comparativa, foram avaliados, por meio do Tinitus Handicap Inventory, 38 idosos com zumbido, divididos em dois grupos com 19 componentes cada, denominados: praticante (G1) e não praticante (G2) de exercício físico. Os dados foram analisados de forma estatística quantitativa. Resultados: Observou-se que o impacto do zumbido nos idosos do G1 foi menor. O gênero influenciou os achados na comparação intergrupos, e a idade exerceu influência somente no G1. Conclusão: O impacto do zumbido é menor nos idosos praticantes de atividade física, e a idade e o gênero influenciaram parcialmente os resultados obtidos.
Cross-Cultural Study of Psychological Types at the Years of Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Papazova Eva , Moody Raymond , Bathurst John
Published: October 2015

Възникващата зрелост съществува единствено в култури, които позволяват на младите хора продължителен период на независими социални роли и проучване през късното юношество и двадесетте години. Тя е период от хода на живота, който е културно конструиран, а не универсален и неизменен (Arnett, 2000). Това допускане породи идеята за изследване и съпоставка на тази възраст при три култури – българска, хавайска и новозеландска. Използван е Типологичният индикатор на Майерс и Бригс MBTI, форма G (Myers et al., 1998). Извадката се състои от 289 изследвани лица на възраст 18-29 г., съответно 100 българи, 89 хавайци и 100 новозеландци. Направени са 6 SRTT сравнения. Резултатите показват типологична специфика, която отличава групата на българите на възраст 18-29 г. от техните връстници от Хавай, САЩ и Нова Зеландия. Спецификата се изразява в предпочитания към N,P,T,IN,NP,NT,IP, TP и INTP и в голяма степен съответства на стремеж а към нови търсения, проучвания и възможности, характерен за годините на възникващата зрелост. Наблюдават се и типологични различия в зависимост от фактора „пол“.
Antecedents and Outcomes of Psychological Insecurity and Interpersonal Trust Among Chinese People
Authors: Taormina Robert J. , Sun Ruinan
Published: October 2015

Psychological insecurity and interpersonal trust were empirically tested in a conceptual model in relation to several personality and social measures as theoretical antecedents, and to interpersonal relationships and feelings of life satisfaction as hypothesized outcomes. Questionnaire data from 301 Chinese adults showed psychological insecurity to be significantly and positively correlated with neuroticism and dependency, while negatively related to family emotional support, emotional intelligence, openness, and agreeableness; and the regression revealed neuroticism to be the strongest predictor of psychological insecurity. The results for interpersonal trust showed a significant negative correlation with psychological insecurity, and a pattern of correlations with all the other variables that were in the opposite direction of those for psychological insecurity; and the regression revealed agreeableness to be the strongest predictor of interpersonal trust. Interpersonal trust was also a significant predictor of coworker support and life satisfaction. The research identified behaviors that should be able to reduce psychological insecurity, and others that could increase interpersonal trust, with the overall results demonstrating the importance of being emotionally supportive and honest with other people to reduce feelings of psychological insecurity and increase interpersonal trust.
Prehistoric Art in Europe: A Deep-Time Social History
Authors: Robb John
Published: October 2015

Although many researchers have studied prehistoric European artthere has been virtually no attention paid to the broad prehistory of art as a specialized form of material culture: virtually all studies focus narrowly on single bodies of art. This paper presents a new approach to analyzing prehistoric art: quantitative deep time study. It analyzes a database of 211 art traditions from across Europe and from 40,000 B.C. to 0 AD.to identify changes in the amountnatureand use of prehistoric art. The results reveal clear long-term trends. The amount of art made increased sharply with the origins of sedentary farming and continued to rise throughout prehistory. New forms of art arise in conjunction with new ways of life: “period genres “ are closely tied into patterns of social change. There are also long-term shifts in aesthetics and the uses of art (such as a gradual shift from arts of ritual and concealment to arts of surface and display). These resultsthough preliminaryshow that a deep-time approach familiar from topics such as climate change is applicable to art; the resulting social history can illuminate both art and its social context.
What's New? Rethinking Ethnogenesis in the Archaeology of Colonialism
Authors: Voss Barbara L.
Published: October 2015

Many archaeological researchers studying colonialism are critiquing theories of cultural change (e.g., hybridity, creolization) in favor of interpretive models that emphasize cultural persistence and continuity. Ethnogenesis, the emergence of new cultural identities, has been put forward as a consensus model: what is “new“—the “genesis“ in ethnogenesis—is increasingly interpreted as an authentic remaking of communal identities to foster persistence and survival. This somewhat utopic emphasis on continuity in ethnogenesis theory broadens the concept of ethnogenesis to the point that its value as a theory of identity transformation is being lost. Overall, the archaeological emphasis on ethnogenesis as a tactic of resistance among subaltern communities has led to a general neglect of how ethnic identity practices are deployed in the exercise of power. The increasing use of bioarchaeological evidence in ethnogenesis research also raises pressing ethical and epistemological issues about the relationship between the body and identity. A more focused and restricted application of ethnogenesis theory is necessary to identify and investigate those situations in which colonialism and its consequences resulted in ruptures and structural transformations of identity practices.
Adjustments to Minimum Wages in China: Cost-Neutral Offsets
Authors: Wang Jing , Gunderson Morley
Published: October 2015

Based on qualitative interviews of workers, managers and labour inspectors in China, we examine how employers adjust, often in subtle fashions, to minimum wage increases. Our findings highlight the “law of unintended consequences” in that their effects are often “undone” or offset by subtle adjustments such as reductions in fringe benefits and in overtime work and overtime pay premiums that are otherwise valued by employees. Employees often feel that they are no better off in spite of minimum wage increases because of these offsetting adjustments.

This study also suggests possible reasons for the small or zero effect of minimum wage on employment in China. Lack of enforcement may be one of the reasons, but the employees we interviewed seem well aware of the legal minimum wage and employers do not want to get involved in disputes over this matter. For employers who would otherwise be affected by the minimum wage increase, the cost increase is mitigated by the offsetting adjustments. As a result, minimum wages do not seem to weaken the competitive position of employers in China.
A nap to recap or how reward regulates hippocampal-prefrontal memory networks during daytime sleep in humans
Authors: Igloi Kinga , Gaggioni Giulia , Sterpenich Virginie , Schwartz Sophie
Published: October 2015

Sleep plays a crucial role in the consolidation of newly acquired memories. Yet, how our brain selects the noteworthy information that will be consolidated during sleep remains largely unknown. Here we show that post-learning sleep favors the selectivity of long-term consolidation: when tested three months after initial encoding, the most important (i.e., rewarded, strongly encoded) memories are better retained, and also remembered with higher subjective confidence. Our brain imaging data reveals that the functional interplay between dopaminergic reward regions, the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus contributes to the integration of rewarded associative memories. We further show that sleep spindles strengthen memory representations based on reward values, suggesting a privileged replay of information yielding positive outcomes. These findings demonstrate that post-learning sleep determines the neural fate of motivationally-relevant memories and promotes a value-based stratification of long-term memory stores.
Digital signaling decouples activation probability and population heterogeneity
Authors: Kellogg Ryan A , Tian Chengzhe , Lipniacki Tomasz , Quake Stephen R , Tay Savaş
Published: October 2015

Digital signaling enhances robustness of cellular decisions in noisy environments, but it is unclear how digital systems transmit temporal information about a stimulus. To understand how temporal input information is encoded and decoded by the NF-κB system, we studied transcription factor dynamics and gene regulation under dose- and duration-modulated inflammatory inputs. Mathematical modeling predicted and microfluidic single-cell experiments confirmed that integral of the stimulus (or area, concentration × duration) controls the fraction of cells that activate NF-κB in the population. However, stimulus temporal profile determined NF-κB dynamics, cell-to-cell variability, and gene expression phenotype. A sustained, weak stimulation lead to heterogeneous activation and delayed timing that is transmitted to gene expression. In contrast, a transient, strong stimulus with the same area caused rapid and uniform dynamics. These results show that digital NF-κB signaling enables multidimensional control of cellular phenotype via input profile, allowing parallel and independent control of single-cell activation probability and population heterogeneity.
Physiological modulation of BiP activity by trans-protomer engagement of the interdomain linker
Authors: Preissler Steffen , Chambers Joseph E , Crespillo-Casado Ana , Avezov Edward , Miranda Elena , Perez Juan , Hendershot Linda M , Harding Heather P , Ron David
Published: October 2015

DnaK/Hsp70 chaperones form oligomers of poorly understood structure and functional significance. Site-specific proteolysis and crosslinking were used to probe the architecture of oligomers formed by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Hsp70, BiP. These were found to consist of adjacent protomers engaging the interdomain linker of one molecule in the substrate binding site of another, attenuating the chaperone function of oligomeric BiP. Native gel electrophoresis revealed a rapidly-modulated reciprocal relationship between the burden of unfolded proteins and BiP oligomers and slower equilibration between oligomers and inactive, covalently-modified BiP. Lumenal ER calcium depletion caused rapid oligomerization of mammalian BiP and a coincidental diminution in substrate binding, pointing to the relative inertness of the oligomers. Thus, equilibration between inactive oligomers and active monomeric BiP is poised to buffer fluctuations in ER unfolded protein load on a rapid timescale attainable neither by inter-conversion of active and covalently-modified BiP nor by the conventional unfolded protein response.
Assembly and positioning of actomyosin rings by contractility and planar cell polarity
Authors: Sehring Ivonne M , Recho Pierre , Denker Elsa , Kourakis Matthew , Mathiesen Birthe , Hannezo Edouard , Dong Bo , Jiang Di
Published: October 2015

The actomyosin cytoskeleton is a primary force-generating mechanism in morphogenesis, thus a robust spatial control of cytoskeletal positioning is essential. In this report, we demonstrate that actomyosin contractility and planar cell polarity (PCP) interact in post-mitotic Ciona notochord cells to self-assemble and reposition actomyosin rings, which play an essential role for cell elongation. Intriguingly, rings always form at the cells′ anterior edge before migrating towards the center as contractility increases, reflecting a novel dynamical property of the cortex. Our drug and genetic manipulations uncover a tug-of-war between contractility, which localizes cortical flows toward the equator and PCP, which tries to reposition them. We develop a simple model of the physical forces underlying this tug-of-war, which quantitatively reproduces our results. We thus propose a quantitative framework for dissecting the relative contribution of contractility and PCP to the self-assembly and repositioning of cytoskeletal structures, which should be applicable to other morphogenetic events.