bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the binding modes of the first‐ and second‐generation antiandrogens with respect to F876L mutation
Authors: Shao Guangfeng , Bao Jingxiao , Pan Xiaolin , He Xiao , Qi Yifei , Zhang John Z. H.
Published: April 2021

Androgen receptor (AR) is an important target for the treatment of prostate cancer, and mutations in the AR have an important impact on the resistance of existing drugs. In this work, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of the existing marketed antiandrogens flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide, darolutamide, and its main metabolite ORM15341 in complex with the wild‐type and F876L mutant AR. We calculated the residue‐specific binding free energy contribution of the wild‐type and mutant ARs with the AS‐IE method and analyzed the hotspot residues and the binding free energy contributions of specific residues before and after the mutation. In addition, we analyzed the total binding obtained by adding residue binding energy contributions and compared the results with experimental values. The obtained residue‐specific binding information should be very helpful in understanding the mechanism of drug resistance with respect to specific mutations and in the design of new generation drugs against possible new mutations.
‘They became my second family’: Children's relational lives and relationship‐based practice in residential care in the Philippines
Authors: Roche Steven , Flynn Catherine , Mendes Philip
Published: April 2021

Despite the widespread utilization of residential care in the Philippines, little is known about the lives and circumstances of children living within these contexts. In response, this article presents an analysis of children and young people's experiences of living in residential care, specifically focusing on their social networks, relationships and the relationship‐based practices of their caregivers. Drawing on 50 qualitative interviews with children and young people currently or previously living in residential care, as well as a range of social workers and programme staff, this study identifies the highly relational lives of children and young people who cite extensive and close relationships with residential care staff, peers and family. Analysis reveals that children conceptualize ‘family’ as embodied in their residential care programme, drawing attention to the collective support and security offered, while also detailing the role of their spirituality as an important support. Relationship‐based practices are utilized by caregivers who offer long‐term, emotionally close and stable relationships with children to support their well‐being. These findings highlight the centrality of relationship‐based interventions and the maintenance of children's relational lives as a core practice, offering insights into the development of practice in these settings.
The role of intraoperative radiotherapy in advanced rectal cancer: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Fahy Matthew R. , Kelly Michael E. , Power Foley Megan , Nugent Timothy S. , Shields Conor J. , Winter Des C.
Published: April 2021

Aim

Patients with locally advanced and locally recurrent rectal cancer (LARC/LRRC) experience higher rates of local recurrence (LR) and poorer overall survival than patients with primary rectal cancer restricted to the mesorectum despite improved neoadjuvant treatment regimens and radical surgical procedures. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) has been suggested as an adjunctive tool in the surgical management of these challenging cases. However, clear evidence regarding the oncological benefit of IORT is sparse. The aim of this review was to update this evidence in the era of standardized neoadjuvant radiotherapy administration.

Method

A systematic review of patients who received IORT as part of multimodal treatment for advanced rectal cancer from 2000 to 2020 and an analysis of IORT and surgery/external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) groups was performed. The primary endpoint was the rate of LR between the two groups.

Results

Seven papers met the predefined criteria. LR was reduced by the addition of IORT when compared with the surgery/EBRT alone group (14.7% vs. 21.4%; OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.27–1.14; p = 0.11). There was no increase in reported genitourinary morbidity, wound issues, pelvic collections or anastomotic leak in those patients who received IORT. Notably, there was no survival difference between the two groups.

Conclusion

The addition of IORT to current treatment strategies in the management of patients with LARC/LRRC is associated with a lower rate of locoregional recurrence without increased morbidity. However, this marks a highly selective group of patients, with heterogeneity regarding indications, prior neoadjuvant treatments and/or IORT dosing.
Does rapid withdrawal of antiseizure medication increase risk of seizure recurrence in epilepsy? A Cochrane Review summary with commentary
Authors: Patrick Engkasan Julia
Published: April 2021

Video Podcast: https://youtu.be/d-0qPu7CxAw
Intensive management of obesity in people with severe chronic kidney disease: A review
Authors: Song Richard , Nolan Brendan J. , Harb Hecham , Sumithran Priya
Published: April 2021

Obesity is highly prevalent worldwide, including among people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The presence of severe and/or end‐stage kidney disease complicates the treatment of obesity for several reasons, including restrictions on protein and fluid intake and renal excretion of several medications indicated for the treatment of obesity. The aim of this review is to assess the safety of intensive obesity treatments, such as very‐low‐energy diets (VLEDs), obesity pharmacotherapy and/or bariatric surgery, in people with end‐stage kidney disease. A literature search was conducted to identify studies reporting safety outcomes for VLEDs, liraglutide, phentermine, phentermine‐topiramate, naltrexone‐bupropion and bariatric surgery in people with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of less than 30 mL/min/1.73m2 or on dialysis. Limited data were insufficient to recommend VLEDs but highlighted their potential efficacy and the need for close clinical and biochemical monitoring. There were no data regarding centrally acting obesity pharmacotherapy in this population, although some glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analogues appear to safely induce weight loss at doses used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Some studies suggest an increased rate of complications of bariatric surgery in individuals with severe or end‐stage CKD. Further prospective evaluation of intensive obesity management in the growing population with obesity and severe, end‐stage and dialysis‐dependent CKD is required.
Distributions of LRS in varying environments
Authors: Tuljapurkar Shripad , Zuo Wenyun , Coulson Tim , Horvitz Carol , Gaillard Jean‐Michel
Published: April 2021

The lifetime reproductive success (LRS) of individuals is affected by random events such as death, realized growth or realized reproduction, and the outcomes of these events can differ even when individuals have identical probabilities. Another source of randomness arises when these probabilities also change over time in variable environments. For structured populations in stochastic environments, we extend our recent method to determine how birth environment and birth stage determine the random distribution of the LRS. Our results provide a null model that quantifies effects on LRS of just the birth size or stage. Using Roe deer Capreolus capreolus as a case study, we show that the effect of an individual's birth environment on LRS varies with the frequency of environments and their temporal autocorrelation, and that lifetime performance is affected by changes in the pattern of environmental states expected as a result of climate change.
Engaging the next generation of editorial talent through a hands‐on fellowship model
Authors: Deemer Bridget R. , Hotaling Scott , Poulson‐Ellestad Kelsey , Falkenberg Laura J. , Cloern James E. , Soranno Patricia A.
Published: April 2021

Peer‐review and subject‐matter editing is the backbone of scientific publishing. However, early‐career researchers (ECRs) are given few opportunities to participate in the editorial process beyond reviewing articles. Thus, a disconnect exists: science needs high‐quality editorial talent to conduct, oversee and improve the publishing process, yet we dedicate few resources to building editorial talent nor giving ECRs formal opportunities to influence publishing from within. ECRs can contribute to the publishing landscape in unique ways given their insight into new and rapidly developing publishing trends (e.g. open science). Here, we describe a two‐way fellowship model that gives ECRs a “seat” at the editorial table of a field‐leading journal. We describe both the necessary framework and benefits that can stem from editorial fellowships for ECRs, editors, journals, societies, and the ​broader scientific community.
Using Intent‐to‐Attend to Predict Attendance in Community‐Based Relationship Education
Authors: Carlson Ryan G. , Wheeler Naomi J. , Barden Sejal M. , Romagnolo Shannon M. , Dillman Talyor Dalena , Hipp Christopher J. , Silverio Nicole , Moran Madeline
Published: April 2021

Government‐supported relationship education has provided resources for inclusion of economically vulnerable and ethnically diverse participants; however, many grantees and programs struggled to retain couples in longitudinal studies, which has likely influenced study effects and threatened internal validity. In the present study, we assessed 1,056 couples’ baseline relationship satisfaction and intent‐to‐attend their next scheduled visit while participating in a randomized controlled trial of relationship education and evaluated the predictive ability of their responses to remain in the six‐month study. We conducted actor‐partner interdependence models for couples, using a probit cross‐lagged regression with a structural equation modeling framework, to test the dyadic influence of intent‐to‐attend on future couple attendance. We also examined the influence of higher or lower baseline relationship satisfaction between partners and group assignment (treatment or wait‐list control) on attendance. Intent‐to‐attend scores were associated with attendance for couples at the one‐month follow‐up, and early attendance was the biggest predictor of later attendance. Additionally, baseline intent‐to‐attend scores predicted later intent‐to‐attend scores for all follow‐up time points. However, we found no partner effects, and no effects for the influence of baseline relationship satisfaction or group assignment. We discuss practical suggestions for including intent‐to‐attend in future studies, relationship education programming, and general therapy practice.
Natural evolution in pediatric cutaneous mastocytosis: 10‐year follow‐up
Authors: Czarny Justyna , Renke Joanna , Żawrocki Anton , Nowicki Roman J. , Lange Magdalena
Published: April 2021

Background

Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous group of myeloproliferative disorders characterized by accumulation of clonal mast cells in various tissues. The aim of this study was to determine the symptoms evolution and outcome after 10 years observation.

Methods

Fifty‐five children with mastocytosis were included in the study group and monitored concerning mast cell mediator‐related symptoms (MC MRSs) and clinical course of the disease for a period of ≥10 years.

Results

Patients presented with a maculopapular cutaneous form of mastocytosis (MPCM) (n = 47) and diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis (DCM) (n = 8). The complete remission (CR) of skin lesions occurred in 10.3% of children after 10 years observation; no remission (NR) was observed in 17.9% children. The CR of skin specific MC MRS occurred in 69.2% children with MPCM and in 14.3% with DCM.

Conclusion

Most children with cutaneous mastocytosis (CM) eventually experience a major or partial regression of skin lesions, although complete regression before puberty is rare. The spontaneous remission of skin specific MC MRS is less frequent in children with DCM.
Serum calprotectin (S100A8/A9) levels as a new potential biomarker of treatment response in Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Şumnu Şeyma , Mehtap Özgür , Mersin Sinan , Toptaş Tayfur , Görür Gözde , Gedük Ayfer , Ünal Serkan , Polat Merve Gökçen , Aygün Kemal , Yenihayat Emel Merve , Albayrak Hayrunnisa , Uluköylü Mengüç Meral , Tarkun Pınar , Hacıhanifioğlu Abdullah
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is unusual among malignancies, with inflammation playing such a prominent role in its pathogenesis. S100A8/A9 (calprotectin) is a heterodimeric protein, which has a role in the inflammatory response and oncogenesis. In this study in HL patients, the correlation between serum S100A8/A9 levels and treatment responses was investigated along with whether this marker is correlated with other inflammatory markers.

Materials and Methods

Thirty‐three HL patients and 20 healthy volunteers were included. Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. Calprotectin levels were measured with Human S100A8/A9 Heterodimer Quantikine ELISA kit. Calprotectin levels were measured twice in patients, before and after treatment, and once in the control group. Treatment responses were evaluated with positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT).

Results

The mean age of patients was 44.3 ± 18.1 (66.3% male). The median (IQR) values of S100A8/A9 before and after treatment in the patient group were 4.98 (2.6‐7.8) and 1.87 (1.1‐4.8)µg/mL. Median (IQR) S100A8/A9 concentration in the control group was 1.41 (0.98‐2.73)µg/mL. In patients, pretreatment values were significantly higher than in controls (P < .001). However, median values of patients after treatment and controls were similar. Patient median S100A8/A9 levels were significantly lower post‐treatment compared with pretreatment values (P = .001). When inflammatory markers were examined within groups, no relationship was found between markers. In ROC analysis, a S100A8/A9 cutoff value of ≥3.31µg/mL accurately discriminated end‐of‐treatment PET positivity (AUC = 0.78; 95% CI 0.58‐0.98; accuracy = 76.2%).

Conclusion

S100A8/A9 may be a potential biomarker for treatment response in HL independent of inflammation. This is the first study to investigate and show this finding. However, further large‐scale studies are still required.
Blood inventory management: Ordering policies for hospital blood banks under uncertainty
Authors: Meneses Maria , Marques Inês , Barbosa‐Póvoa Ana
Published: April 2021

The blood supply chain faces several challenges, such as stochastic demand and supply, the relation between the various stages of the chain, and the intrinsic nature of the product. Blood is a perishable, scarce, and (in most cases) voluntarily supplied product used to perform vital transfusions in patients which increases the pressure of managing its supply chain as efficiently and effectively as possible. For these reasons, it is crucial to have optimized inventory management that allows the availability of the right type of blood product, in the right place, at the right time, and in the right amount while avoiding wastage, especially in hospital blood banks that are the direct link to patients. This work aims to address these challenges with a new two‐stage stochastic programming model for defining optimal ordering policies for blood products, considering demand uncertainty. This model minimizes wastage, shortages, and total costs related to blood inventory management, including ABO‐substitutions. The model supports hospitals’ tactical‐operational decisions of when and how much blood products to order. A case study of a Portuguese hospital is used to validate and show the applicability of the model. By comparing several ordering policies, we show that it is possible to contemplate the decision maker's goals whilst obtaining substantial reductions in terms of wastage and costs. These results allow the definition of an important set of managerial insights.
Changes in root xylem anatomy of peanut genotypes with different drought resistance levels under early‐season drought
Authors: Thangthong Nuengsap , Jogloy Sanun , Jongrungklang Nuntawoot , Kvien Craig K. , Dodd Ian C. , Vorasoot Nimitr
Published: April 2021

During the 2014 and 2015 seasons, peanut root anatomy studies were conducted under well‐watered and under drought conditions using three peanut genotypes which are known to differ in their physiological responses to early‐ and mid‐season drought (ICGV 98,305, ICGV 98,324 and Tifton‐8). Cross sections of the newly formed roots revealed that the average vessel diameter and total vessel area in the first‐order roots were significantly reduced under drought in ICGV 98,305 and ICGV 98,324, yet not in Tifton‐8, which had the smallest vessel diameters and total area in both well‐watered and drought treatments. The xylem vessel structure in newly formed roots of ICGV 98,324 was very responsive to changes in soil moisture content. This adaptive capacity of ICGV 98,324 to change xylem structure as soil moisture conditions change may provide plant breeders an important trait which will lead to better water‐use efficiencies in both moist and drought conditions.
Moisture‐dependentengineering properties of arugula seed relevant in mechanical processing and bulk handling
Authors: Mirzabe Amir Hossein , Hajiahmad Ali , Asadollahzadeh Amir Hossein
Published: April 2021

Knowledge of the engineering properties of seeds, grains, nuts, kernels, and fruits is vital in the design of planting, harvesting, and postharvesting machines. This study investigates moisture‐dependent geometrical, gravimetrical, frictional, rheological, and aerodynamical properties of arugula seed. The length, width, and thickness of the seed distributions were modeled by the Normal, Log‐normal, and Weibull probability density functions. In the moisture ranges of 4.68–20.50%, the major, intermediate, and minor seed dimensions increased from 2.01 to 2.35 mm, 1.60 to 1.98 mm, and 1.17 to 1.33 mm, respectively. The results indicated that Log‐normal distribution had the best performance in most cases. Values of 1,000‐seed mass, bulk density, particle density, and porosity ranged between 1.33 to 1.77 g, 703.07 to 644.37 kg m−3, 1,160 to 1,392 kg m−3, and 39.39 to 53.71% as in the above moisture ranges. The filling and emptying angles of repose increased from 29.21° to 34.78° and 37.95° to 39.75°, respectively, as the moisture content increased. Incremental trends were observed for terminal velocity in water and air and residual stress during relaxation tests. Decreasing trends were observed for drag coefficient, modulus of elasticity, maximum contact stress, toughness, hardness, rupture force, and reduced stress during relaxation tests.

Practical Applications

Arugula (Eruca vesicariaL. orEruca sativaMill L.) is a popular worldwide vegetable. Besides consuming its leaves as a vegetable, the oil extracted from its seeds has industrial uses. This study investigated properties of arugula seeds with varying moisture contents with a view to understand their relevance in mechanical processing and bulk handling. The results presented in the current work would contribute to designing the metering devices (distributors), sorters, separators, cleaners, transportation systems, conveyors, oil extractors, etc.
Combined press cog type and cog PDO threads in comparison with the cog PDO threads in facial rejuvenation
Authors: Khan Galina , Ahn Kwang Hyeon , Kim Se Young , Park EunSoo
Published: April 2021

Background

Thread lifting is one of the most common minimally invasive options in facial rejuvenation procedures. The application of polydioxanone (PDO) showed good results and fewer complications. PDO threads effectively strengthen the contour of the face, reduce roundness, and lift sagging skin due to collagen‐stimulating properties.

Objective

The purpose of this study was an evaluation of the efficacy of the PDO threads: the combination of the cog type and press cog type threads (Ncog and Nfix) and cog type thread (Ncog) alone. And this study was conducted to define complications related to thread inserting during the follow‐up period.

Materials and Methods

Thirty patients who underwent PDO thread treatment for facial rejuvenation and tightening sagging skin tissues were evaluated. The follow‐up period was seven months. Photographic objective and subjective evaluations were performed during this period.

Results

Thirty patients were included in this study. The mean age of participants was 51.8 years (range 65 to 34). There was a statistically significant difference between pre and 1‐month post‐operative results in both groups with a mean score of 1.94 ± 0.43 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the combination of Ncog and N fix showed slightly better results than Ncog alone. According to patient satisfaction, all patients were satisfied with the clinical outcomes.

Conclusions

Our results revealed PDO threads are effective in aged skin rejuvenation, soft tissue retraction, and support, showing fewer complications. In addition, it could be assumed that treatment with thicker thread could be a more efficacious procedure. However, this statement requires further researches.
Global digital social learning as a strategy to promote engagement in the era of COVID‐19
Authors: Davidson Patricia M. , Lin Christopher Jeremy , Beaman Adam , Jackson Debra , Reynolds Nancy R. , Padula William V.
Published: April 2021

Aims and objectives

To assess formative and summative milestones in a digital course and the reach to low‐ and middle‐income countries of a Massive Open Online Course focussing on supporting nurses dealing with an emerging pandemic.

Background

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has ravaged the globe and increased the need for timely and accurate information from reliable sources. Access to reliable and accurate information, as well as support, is important in achieving health systems strengthening. Using a Massive Open Online Course format, an educational resource aimed at large‐scale interactive participation via the Internet, and participants were engaged in a course focussing on nursing in a time of crisis and involved using social learning principles.

Design

Observational descriptive study.

Method

Routinely collected data were collated during the period of 18 May–18 July 2020 focused on both formative and summative milestones in the course. Data were separated and classified by income in accordance with the publicly accessible 2020 World Bank Open Dataset.

Results

During the 2‐month period of observation (18 May–18 July 2020), 10,130 individuals from 156 countries enrolled in the course. More than 51% of participants were Active Learners. Thirty per cent completed over 90% of the course content by the end. There was widespread distribution of learners in low‐ and middle‐income countries across Asia, Africa and Latin America.

Conclusion

The COVID‐19 pandemic has underscored the importance of reliable and valid information sources. The
use of Massive Open Online Course format can facilitate dissemination.

Relevance to clinical practice

In the context of a dynamic global pandemic, leveraging digital resources to allow access to reliable information and resources is important. Incentivising participation through recognition of learning is important. Engaging in a social learning platform also has the power for reflection, promotion of resilience and capacity for health systems strengthening.
Skill shortages and skill mismatch: A review of the literature
Authors: Brunello Giorgio , Wruuck Patricia
Published: April 2021

We review the recent economic literature on skill shortages and skill mismatch by paying particular attention to the demand side of skill mismatch, which have not received much attention in the relevant literature. We discuss measurement issues and how skill shortages and mismatch vary both with the business cycle and with structural factors. We review the economic costs for workers and firms and conclude by considering the policy implications, including how responsibilities for skill development can best be shared and what role policies can play to better address skill shortages and mismatches.
Use of the Kano model and sensory evaluation in the development of an iron supplement for women
Authors: Audiverth Heidy Lorena Ferrari , de Oliveira Garcia Aline , Salvucci Celeste Ormenese Rita de Cássia , Bertoldo Pacheco Maria Teresa
Published: April 2021

The study presents an alternative for the preparation of questions using the Kano model to evaluate the presentation of a powdered, water‐soluble supplement. The results were used to develop a formulation containing chelated Fe‐peptides for women. The experiment was carried out in two steps: (a) an online survey to determine the satisfaction with the powdered iron supplement in relation to other presentations, and the flavor preference, (b) sensory evaluation of the formulations developed. A total of 364 replies were collected in the online survey, which indicated indifference with respect to satisfaction for the use of a powdered, water‐soluble product as compared to pills, drops, and syrups. The flavors preferred were: lemon (46.6%), orange (40.9%), chocolate and red fruits (32%). The sensory test (n = 121) of the three formulations (strawberry, tangerine, and chocolate) containing 14 mg Fe2+ per sachet, validated the tangerine flavor as the most accepted and chocolate as rejected by the consumers.

Practical Applications

Iron supplements do not have very attractive flavors and have an unpleasant metallic aftertaste. Thus, in order to present a new type of supplement still unavailable on the market, the use of a comprehensive approach making use of methods such as the Kano model and a sensory evaluation, could help elucidate this question. The Kano model is an efficient tool used to evaluate attributes and allows one to obtain other information about consumer desires in both explicit and implicit ways. However, the application of the Kano model for attributes with three or more levels has been little explored. Thus, the present study presents an application of this model with the use of direct questions for an attribute with four levels, and the application of sensory tests that allow one to direct and optimize product development. The analysis of the information obtained contributed to the development of a sensorially acceptable powdered, water soluble iron supplement.
Impact of species and their edible parts on the macronutrient and mineral composition of fish from the same aquatic environment, the Gilgel Gibe Reservoir, Ethiopia
Authors: Bayissa Tokuma Negisho , Geerardyn Michelle , Gobena Sagni , Vanhauteghem Donna , Du Laing Gijs , Wakijra Kabeta Mulugeta , Janssens Geert Paul Jules
Published: April 2021

Fish is an important source of easily digestible animal protein and other essential nutrients. It plays a pivotal role in food security and poverty alleviation in developing countries. However, the nations of the global South consume a limited number of fish species. This study aimed to evaluate the macronutrient and mineral composition of Whole fish (Labeobarbus intermedius, Garra quadrimaculata) and fillet (Oreochromis niloticus, Labeobarbus intermedius). A total of 64 fish samples were collected from Gilgel Gibe reservoir, Ethiopia, and analysed for its macronutrient and mineral composition. The proximate composition and mineral contents of fillets and whole body samples were determined. The whole fish showed a much higher fat and ash percentage than the fillets (p < 0.05). The fillets contained a much higher protein concentration than the whole fish (p < 0.05). The higher Ca:P ratios in whole fish compared to fillet in our study confirm the importance for a healthy human skeletal development, especially in diets where Ca is typically lacking. Whole Garra appeared to be containing important trace elements such as zinc and iron, a feature that was not found to the same extent in the whole Labeobarbus. These differences may find its origin in the feeding pattern of these fish species in the reservoir. The advantage of benthic species such as Garra to enrich the human diet with essential minerals may, however, coincide with the accumulation of toxic heavy metals as a potential result of soil erosion.
Influence of type of starch and feeding management on glycaemic control in diabetic dogs
Authors: Teshima Eliana , Brunetto Marcio Antonio , Teixeira Fabio Alves , Gomes Márcia de Oliveira Sampaio , Lucas Silvia Regina Ricci , Pereira Gener Tadeu , Carciofi Aulus Cavalieri
Published: April 2021

The present study evaluated the effects of two diets with different starch sources and two feeding methods on the glycaemic control in dogs with diabetes mellitus. The diets had similar nutrient contents (40% starch and 16% dietary fibre), one formulated with 46% of broken rice and the other with 42% sorghum and 10% lentils (as‐fed). Ten client‐owned diabetic dogs were fed with each diet for 2 months, in a crossover design. Five dogs received NPH human insulin and food every 12 h (feeding method 1), and the other five received insulin every 12 h but were fed three times a day (feeding method 2). In feeding method 2, morning insulin was higher than the evening dose and dogs received the second meal after 4 to 5 h of the morning insulin and meal. Parameters evaluated included insulin dosage, 12‐ and 8‐h glycaemic curves, complete blood count, biochemical profile and urinalysis. Glycaemic curves were analysed by ANOVA with repeated measures. Glycaemic control parameters (fasting, mean, minimum and maximum glycaemia and serum fructosamine) and glucose area under the curve (AUC) were calculated and analysed by pairedttest (p < 0.05). In feeding method 1, dogs fed the sorghum‐based diet presented lower mean (p = 0.04) and minimum blood glucose concentrations (p = 0.03), and a tendency to lower maximum blood glucose (p = 0.06) and glucose AUC (p = 0.08) than when fed the rice‐based diet. When food was provided twice a day, the ingestion of the rice‐based diet resulted in higher post‐prandial glucose response than the diet with sorghum and lentil. In feeding method 2, there was no effect of diet on the assessed parameters (p > 0.05). No differences in insulin dosage were observed between groups or feeding methods (p > 0.05). Providing two meals a day followed by insulin administration associated with the sorghum‐ and lentil‐based diet improved glycaemic control in diabetic dogs.
Short‐term efficacy of a gel containing propolis extract, nanovitamin C and nanovitamin E on peri‐implant mucositis: A double‐blind, randomized, clinical trial
Authors: González‐Serrano José , López‐Pintor Rosa María , Serrano Julia , Torres Jesús , Hernández Gonzalo , Sanz Mariano
Published: April 2021

Objective

To determine the efficacy of a gel containing propolis extract, nanovitamin C and nanovitamin E as adjuvant to mechanical debridement in the treatment of peri‐implant mucositis (PM).

Background

Propolis has anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial effect that may improve peri‐implant health.

Methods

A randomized, double‐blind study was performed on patients with at least one implant with PM. Participants received a professional prophylaxis and were instructed to use either test or a control gel as toothpaste three times/day for 1 month. Clinical and microbiological parameters were evaluated. PM resolution was considered in absence of bleeding on probing (BOP). Data were analysed with Mann‐Whitney U, Wilcoxon signed‐rank and chi‐square tests.

Results

Forty‐six patients participated (23 in each group). After treatment, 26.1% of test patients showed complete PM resolution versus 0% in control group (p = .02). Significant reductions were observed in plaque index (p = .03), BOP (p = .04) and probing depths (p = .027) in test compared with control group. The reduction in Tannerella forsythia was statistically greater in test than in control group at 1‐month follow‐up (p = .02). Porphyromonas gingivalis was statistically reduced in test group from baseline to 1‐month follow‐up (p = .05).

Conclusion

Test gel clinically improved PM and showed certain antimicrobial effect after 1 month in comparison with control group. Further long‐term clinical trials are required to confirm these results.
Sequential pontine and bilateral cerebral peduncle infarction with resultant early Wallerian degeneration of the ponto‐cerebellar fibers
Authors: Chee Yong Chuan , Abdul Halim Sanihah , Ong Beng Hooi
Published: April 2021

Bilateral cerebral peduncular infarction (BCPI) is an extremely rare neurological disorder reportedly associated with locked‐in syndrome. A 60‐year‐old man represented with reduction in conscious level three weeks following a paramedian pontine infarction due to basilar artery thrombosis. Repeated MRI revealed subacute pontine infarction with new infarct involving bilateral cerebral peduncle. MRA showed absent flow‐related signal along the basilar artery consistent with occlusion. Additionally, Wallerian degeneration characterized by symmetrical hyperintense signal on MRI involving the ponto‐cerebellar fibers and both the middle cerebellar peduncles (MCPs) were seen. BCPI is an exceedingly rare type of stroke with characteristic symmetrical signal change involving the cerebral peduncles called “Mickey Mouse Ear” sign. Early Wallerian degeneration of the bilateral MCPs ensuing pontine infarction is also uncommon and is often detected incidentally and exhibits regular and symmetrical signal changes on MRI. Here, a rare encounter of early Wallerian degeneration following sequential pontine and BCPI is described.
Effects of maternal magnesium sulfate treatment on newborns
Authors: Numoto Shingo , Kakita Hiroki , Takeshita Satoru , Ueda Hiroko , Kondo Tomoko , Kurahashi Hirokazu , Wakatsuki Akihiko , Yamada Yasumasa , Okumura Akihisa
Published: April 2021

Background

Antenatal magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) has been used with mothers, but the influence of MgSO4 on the fetus is unclear. The purpose of this study is to determine whether longer antenatal MgSO4 exposure correlates with adverse effects in newborns.

Methods

The clinical data of 77 infants born to mothers treated with MgSO4 were collected. The infants were divided into two groups according to (1) the serum Mg concentration, (2) cumulative Mg dose, and (3) duration of antenatal maternal Mg treatment, respectively.

Results

The serum Mg level of the infants correlated with that of the mothers but not with the duration of Mg treatment or the cumulative dose of Mg. There were no significant differences in the infants’ clinical variables according to either the duration of Mg treatment or the cumulative dose of Mg. By contrast, enteral feeding tolerance began at a significantly later age and the heart rate on admission was significantly lower in infants with a serum Mg level ≥4.0 mmol/L than in those with a serum Mg level <4.0 mmol/L.

Conclusions

Modest effects on the clinical variables of infants with higher serum Mg levels were determined, whereas neither the duration of Mg treatment nor the cumulative Mg dose correlated with the clinical variables of the infants. Thus, in newborns with only moderately elevated serum Mg levels, serious adverse effects are unlikely.
Decomposing changes in inequality: Evidence from Myanmar
Authors: Aung Lwin Lwin , Warr Peter
Published: April 2021

We study the determinants of changes in the distribution of household expenditures in Myanmar, using a large, nationwide panel household survey data set covering 2005 and 2010, the only panel household survey data currently existing for Myanmar. There was no statistically significant change in mean real consumption expenditures between these years, but the distribution of that consumption across households became significantly less unequal. The sources of this large decline in measured inequality have not been systematically investigated. The paper attempts that investigation by using the above data and applying regression‐based inequality decomposition methods developed by Fields and its subsequent extension by Yun.

The results using Fields’ approach indicate that region‐specific variables, occupational changes, and education were the main factors contributing to the narrowing of expenditure inequality but that road development expenditures had the opposite effect. On the methodology of decomposition, we argue first that the Yun extension of Fields’ approach promises enhanced policy relevance, by distinguishing between changes in household characteristics and changes in their impact on expenditures. Second, we show that the decomposition described by Yun entails arbitrary sequencing of the distributions being compared, substantially influencing the decomposition obtained. We explain the underlying reason for this problem and demonstrate a simple solution.
Crohn's disease initially presenting with oral manifestations and managed with ustekinumab: A case report
Authors: Alrashdan Mohammad S. , Safadi Rima A.
Published: April 2021

Oral Crohn's disease (OCD) refers to the spectrum of oral manifestations seen in Crohn`s disease (CD) patients and could precede other signs of the disease elsewhere, which requires dental practitioners to be vigilant for oral mucosal changes that may accompany such systemic disorders. Classical treatment modalities are based on the use of corticosteroids, immune‐modulators and more recently, biologics. Ustekinumab is a novel agent from this last group that has shown efficacy in a limited number of case reports. A case of a debilitating CD presenting initially with oral manifestations and ultimately managed with ustekinumab is reported.
Group‐C/S1 bZIP heterodimers regulate MdIPT5b to negatively modulate drought tolerance in apple species
Authors: Feng Yi , Wang Yi , Zhang Guifen , Gan Zengyu , Gao Min , Lv Jiahong , Wu Ting , Zhang Xinzhong , Xu Xuefeng , Yang Shuhua , Han Zhenhai
Published: April 2021

Cytokinins play a central role in delaying senescence, reducing oxidative damage and maintaining plant growth during drought. This study showed that the ectopic expression of ProRE‐deleted MdIPT5b, a key enzyme involved in cytokinin metabolism, increased the drought tolerance of transgenic Malus domestica (apple) callus and Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) seedlings by maintaining cytokinin homeostasis, and thus maintaining redox balance. Under restricted watering regimes, the yields of transgenic tomato plants were enhanced. Heterodimers of C/S1 bZIP are involved in the cytokinin‐mediated drought response. The heterodimers bind the ProRE of MdIPT5b promoter, thus directly suppressing gene transcription. Single C/S1 bZIP members could not independently function as suppressors. However, specific paired members (heterodimers of MdbZIP80 with MdbZIP2 or with MdbZIP39) effectively suppressed transcription. The α‐helical structure is essential for the heterodimerization of C/S1 bZIP members and for synergistic transcriptional suppression. As negative regulators of drought tolerance, suppressing either MdbZIP2 or MdbZIP39 alone does not improve the expression of MdIPT5b and did not increase the drought tolerance of transgenic apple callus. However, this could be achieved when they were co‐suppressed. The suppression of MdbZIP80 alone could improve MdIPT5b expression and increase the drought tolerance of transgenic apple callus. However, these effects were reversed in response to the cosuppression of MdbZIP80 and MdIPT5b. Similar results were also observed during delayed dark‐induced senescence in apple leaves. In conclusion, the apple C/S1 bZIP network (involving MdbZIP2, MdbZIP39 and MdbZIP80) directly suppressed the expression of MdIPT5b, thus negatively modulating drought tolerance and dark‐induced senescence in a functionally redundant manner.
COMPLEJIDAD LINGÜÍSTICA: REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA
Authors: Ochoa Sierra Ligia , Cueva Lobelle Alberto
Published: April 2021

La complejidad lingüística es un tema de gran interés para los estudiosos del lenguaje, investigadores de inteligencia artificial, educadores y editores. Este artículo presenta el estado del arte sobre este tema.  Se buscó la información en cinco bases de datos y se usó la metodología propuesta por Petticrew y Roberts (2008).  Los resultados muestran cuatro hallazgos principales: 1) los estudios son básicamente de corte aplicado; 2) hay tres tendencias de investigación relacionadas con este tema: a) estudios que miden el desarrollo de la complejidad en distintas poblaciones, b) investigaciones que miden el efecto de la complejidad en los procesos de comprensión y producción de textos, c) trabajos sobre la dificultad de procesamiento de ciertas estructuras. 3) la complejidad lingüística se ha medido esencialmente con criterios sintácticos y léxicos. 4)  Lo que hace que un texto sea más complejo que otro, se relaciona con factores como cantidad, familiaridad y género textual.
Transitar hacia la paz en Colombia. Entre la promesa y la ilusión en dos experiencias históricas (1953-2017)
Authors: Jaramillo Marín Jefferson , Parrado Pardo Érika Paola , Fattal Alexander L.
Published: April 2021

En 1953 y en 2012 - 2016 tuvieron lugar en Colombia dos procesos históricos de paz que involucraron, de una parte, a las Guerrillas Liberales del Llano y de la otra, a las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia. Haciendo uso de un corpus de imágenes derivado de medios de comunicación como El Tiempo y La Revista Semana, así como del Archivo Germán Guzmán Campos, y acudiendo a literatura secundaria y de claves de lectura derivadas de los estudios del performance discutimos sobre el sentido y alcances de la representación habitual de estos como “tránsitos hacia la paz”. Lo propuesto en el artículo deriva de un proyecto de investigación reciente sobre memoria histórica y práctica visual financiado por la Universidad Javeriana entre 2015 y 2018.  La principal contribución está en evidenciar el carácter poroso y por momentos simulado de la paz pactada en ambos momentos históricos.
Modeling and Analysis of the Transient Behavior of an Elastic Metamaterial as a Generalized Cosserat Continuum
Authors: Schiavone Antonio , Li Zhengwei , Wang Xiaodong
Published: April 2021

Metamaterials are man-made materials engineered to possess certain desired and often counterintuitive properties. It is well-known that elastic metamaterials may exhibit unusual bulk elastic properties when subject to dynamic loads at certain frequencies, such as negative Poisson’s ratio, negative modulus, and/or negative mass density. This paper focuses on the modeling of a one-dimensional micropolar-type elastic metamaterial subject to transient dynamic loading. The metamaterial consists of unit cells that support both translational and rotational motion and can be modeled as a micropolar-type continuum. Interestingly, the equations governing the dynamics of the new micropolar-type continuum possess remarkable similitude with those governing the transient response of an elastic bar with elastic supports. The resulting governing equation is solved using the Fourier transform technique. The transient dynamic response of the metamaterial subject to an axial impact is then studied based on both the developed continuum model and the original discrete model. Finite element analysis of the equivalent bar model is also conducted. The results from the developed continuum model is compared with the discrete model and the finite element analysis to evaluate its suitability. This work presents a novel micropolar-type model for a specific metamaterial and investigates its transient response using both continuum modeling and discrete unit cell modeling. The results indicate that the micropolar-type model can accurately capture the transient behavior of the propagation of the strain pulse in the metamaterial
Potential Waste Heat Recovery Analysis From Molten Steel Slag: The Case Study of Sidenor Steelworks in Basauri (Spain)
Authors: Ortega-Fernández Iñigo , Arribalzaga Peru , Bielsa Daniel , Fernández Leixuri , Unamuno Iñigo
Published: April 2021

Every day, a huge amount of energy is released into the atmosphere in the form of waste heat. The search for a cleaner and more efficient society, not only at the industrial level but also at the domestic level, should avoid this type of emissions. Steelmaking is an example of an industrial sector with high optimization potential in energy management. In this line, this work presents the main outcomes of the investigation carried out in the search of a technical solution for heat capture and reutilization from one of the main waste heat streams in the steelworks, the molten slag. For this purpose, a piping system embedded in the slag pit soil is proposed as a satisfactory solution for the heat capture operation. Besides, the internal applicability of this recovered heat is also addressed. Overall, the analysis carried out allows the identification of the maximum energy that can be recovered from the slag if the proposed technology is implemented (around 306 kWht per casting, which represents 6.3% of the total available energy). The work is completed with a preliminary techno-economic analysis which has shown a depreciated payback period of the proposed technology below 7 years.
Secondary Stress Weighting Factor and Plastic Reduction Factor of Surface Cracked Pipes Under Bending
Authors: Pothana S. , Wilkowski G. , Kalyanam S. , Hioe Y. , Hattery G. , Martin J.
Published: April 2021

In piping design analysis, the secondary stresses (displacement controlled) may have different design limits than primary stresses (load-controlled stresses). The current design limits for secondary stresses are based on elastic stress analysis. But realistically, a flaw in the piping system can cause nonlinear behavior due to the plasticity at the crack plane as well as in the adjacent uncracked-piping material. Hence, the actual stresses in a cracked piping system, which are elastic-plastic, are different than the design stresses, which are elastically calculated. To assess margins in the secondary stresses calculated using elastic stress analysis in pipe flaw evaluation, two parameters are defined in this paper. The first one is the secondary stress weighting factor (SSWF) on total stress, which is defined as the ratio of actual elastic-plastic stresses in a system to the elastic design stress. An alternative approach to applying margins on secondary stresses is to use a reduction factor only on stresses above the yield stress called plastic reduction factor (PRF). In this paper, a methodology developed to determine these factors for circumferential surface-cracked TP304 stainless steel pipes subjected to bending loads at ambient temperature is described. Four-point-bend tests are conducted on pipes with varying circumferential surface-crack lengths and depths. The moments and rotations needed for the pipe failure for different crack sizes are determined and compared to elastically calculated moments and rotations to establish margins.
Control and Control Allocation for Bimodal, Rotary Wing, Rolling–Flying Vehicles
Authors: Atay Stefan , Bryant Matthew , Buckner Gregory
Published: April 2021

This paper presents a robust method for controlling the terrestrial motion of a bimodal multirotor vehicle that can roll and fly. Factors influencing the mobility and controllability of the vehicle are explored and compared to strictly flying multirotor vehicles; the differences motivate novel control and control allocation strategies that leverage the non-standard configuration of the bimodal design. A fifth-order dynamic model of the vehicle subject to kinematic rolling constraints is the basis for a nonlinear, multi-input, multi-output, sliding mode controller. Constrained optimization techniques are used to develop a novel control allocation strategy that minimizes power consumption while rolling. Simulations of the vehicle under closed-loop control are presented. A functional hardware embodiment of the vehicle is constructed onto which the controllers and control allocation algorithm are deployed. Experimental data of the vehicle under closed-loop control demonstrate good performance and robustness to parameter uncertainty. Data collected also demonstrate that the control allocation algorithm correctly determines a thrust-minimizing solution in real-time.