bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated analysis of pain, health-related quality of life, and analgesic use in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with Radium-223
Authors: Badrising Sushil K. , Louhanepessy Rebecca D. , van der Noort Vincent , Kieffer Jacobien , Coenen Jules L. L. M. , Hamberg Paul , Beeker Aart , Wagenaar Nils , Lam Marnix , Celik Filiz , Loosveld Olaf J. L. , Oostdijk Ad , Zuetenhorst Hanneke , de Feijter Jeantine M. , Dezentjé Vincent O. , Ras-van Spijk Suzan , Vegt Erik , Haanen John B. , van de Poll-Franse Lonneke V. , Zwart Wilbert , Bergman Andries M.
Published: August 2021

Background

Radium-223 (Ra-223), an alpha-emitting radiopharmaceutical, established an improved overall survival and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. However, effects on pain were not specifically evaluated. Here we assess integrated HRQoL, pain, and opioid use in a contemporary, more extensively pretreated, symptomatic and asymptomatic mCRPC population.

Methods

mCRPC patients scheduled for Ra-223 treatment were included and analyzed for HRQoL, pain, and opioid use, using Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate (FACT-P) and Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) questionnaires and recording of opioid use and dosage, respectively. Primary outcome measure was the percentage of patients experiencing a complete pain response (score of 0 on the BPI-SF Worst pain item and no increase in daily use of analgesics). A complete or partial pain response (better BPI-SF score and decrease in opioid use) and a better or no change in HRQoL was evaluated as an integrated overall clinical response (IOCR). Secondary endpoints included the time to pain progression (TPP) and Total FACT-P deterioration (TTFD), defined as time from first Ra-223 treatment to clinical meaningful increase in BPI-SF Worst pain item score and Total FACT-P score, respectively.

Results

This registry included 300 patients, of whom 105 (35%) were evaluable for FACT-P and BPI-SF during Ra-223 treatment. Forty-five (43%) patients had pain at baseline (PAB) (BPI-SF Worst pain score 5–10 points) and 60 (57%) had no pain at baseline (no-PAB) (BPI-SF Worst pain score 0–4 points). Complete pain response was achieved in 31.4% of the patients, while 58% had an IOCR. The median TTP and TTFD were 5.6 and 5.7 months, respectively, while the difference between PAB and no-PAB patients was not significant.

Conclusions

In contemporary, extensively pretreated mCRPC patients, Ra-223 treatment induced complete pain responses while integrated analysis of HRQoL, pain response, and opioid use demonstrated that the majority of patients derive clinical benefit.
Long noncoding RNA LINC00261 upregulates ITIH5 to impair tumorigenic ability of pancreatic cancer stem cells
Authors: Zou Lijuan , He Hengpeng , Li Zhiguo , Chen Ou , Jia Xiukun , Zhang Hao
Published: August 2021

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated tumor development in a range of different cancers, including pancreatic cancer (PC). Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a drug-resistant cancer cell subset, drive tumor progression in PC. In this work, we aimed to investigate the mechanism by which lncRNA LINC00261 affects the biological functions of CSCs during the progression of PC. Microarray analysis of differentially expressed genes and lncRNAs suggested that LINC00261 is downregulated in PC. Both LINC00261 and ITIH5 were confirmed to be downregulated in PC cells and PC stem cells. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function investigations were performed to analyze their effects on cell proliferation, drug resistance, cell cycle distribution, self-renewal, invasion, and ultimately overall tumorigenicity. These experiments revealed that the expression of stem cell markers was reduced, and cell proliferation, self-renewal ability, cell invasion, drug resistance, and tumorigenicity were all suppressed by upregulation of LINC00261 or ITIH5. The results of dual-luciferase reporter gene, ChIP, and RIP assays indicated that LINC00261 binds directly to GATA6, increasing its activity at the ITIH5 promoter. The presence of LINC00261 and GATA6 inhibited the self-renewal and tumorigenesis of PC stem cells, while silence of ITIH5 rescued those functions. Collectively, this study identifies the tumor suppressive activity of LINC00261 in PC, showing that this lncRNA limits the functions of PC stem through an ITIH5/GATA6 regulatory pathway.
Preparation of an antigen-responsive fluorogenic immunosensor by tyrosine chemical modification of the antibody complementarity determining region
Authors: Sato Shinichi , Matsumura Masaki , Ueda Hiroshi , Nakamura Hiroyuki
Published: August 2021

The chemical preparation of Quenchbody was achieved using antibody CDR-selective tyrosine click. Using a readily available and quick two-step reaction, we were able to create a sensor molecule whose fluorescence intensity increases in response to antigen.
Improving the fluorescence brightness of distyryl Bodipys by inhibiting the twisted intramolecular charge transfer excited state
Authors: Lv Xin , Han Taihe , Wu Yi , Zhang Boran , Guo Wei
Published: August 2021

The fluorescence brightness of distyryl Bodipys was substantially improved by employing sulfone- and quaternary ammonium-modified piperidines as auxochromes instead of conventional dialkylamino auxochromes.
Diastereo- and enantioselective rhodium(iii)-catalyzed reductive cyclization of cyclohexadienone-containing 1,6-dienes
Authors: Tan Yun-Xuan , Peng Pei-Ying , Wang Ya-Jie , Liu Xi-Liang , Ye Wenbo , Gao Dingding , Lin Guo-Qiang , Tian Ping
Published: August 2021

Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed asymmetric reductive cyclization of cyclohexadienone-tethered terminal alkenes and (E)-1,2-disubstituted alkenes (1,6-dienes) has been achieved with high yields and enantioselectivities.
Synthesis and delivery of a stable phosphorylated ubiquitin probe to study ubiquitin conjugation in mitophagy
Authors: Mann Guy , Satish Gandhesiri , Sulkshane Prasad , Mandal Shaswati , Glickman Michael H. , Brik Ashraf
Published: August 2021

Synthesis, delivery and cellular conjugation analysis of differentially phosphorylated ubiquitin probes by parkin E3 ligase during mitophagy.
Electrically controlled spin reversal and spin polarization of electronic transport in nanoporous graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Shen Rui-Song , Guo Yan-Dong , Yan Xiao-Hong , Zeng Hong-Li , Liang Miao-Shen , Chen Pei , Yang Mou-Shu , Ni Yang
Published: August 2021

In the three-terminal configuration constructed by nanoporous graphene nanoribbons, the transmission can be electrically switched between spin up and spin down polarized states, achieving a dual-spin filter and the precise control of spin polarization.
Superparamagnetic nanoparticles with LC polymer brush shell as efficient dopants for ferronematic phases
Authors: Koch Karin , Kundt Matthias , Barkane Anda , Nadasi Hajnalka , Webers Samira , Landers Joachim , Wende Heiko , Eremin Alexey , Schmidt Annette M.
Published: August 2021

A promising route for the fabrication of ferronematic phases is the attachment of a LC polymer shell onto the surface of nanoparticles. Here, we extend this approach to ferronematic phases based on superparamagnetic particles in a 5CB matrix.
Oligothiophene molecular wires at graphene-based molecular junctions
Authors: Gao Tingwei , He Chunhui , Liu Chenguang , Fan Yinqi , Zhao Cezhou , Zhao Chun , Su Weitao , Dappe Yannick J. , Yang Li
Published: August 2021

The electrical properties of oligopthiophene-based hybrid gold–graphene junctions were measured with the STM-I(s) method to determine the attenuation factor and effect of specific anchoring groups. It shows that graphene is an effective contact in forming nano-junctions.
Ultra-rapid synthesis of the MgCu2 and Mg2Cu Laves phases and their facile conversion to nanostructured copper with controllable porosity; an energy-efficient, reversible process
Authors: Fan Zhen , Baranovas Gytis , Yu Holly A. , Szczęsny Robert , Liu Wei-Ren , Gregory Duncan H.
Published: August 2021

Porous copper nanoarchitectures are obtained selectively by acid-dealloying of Mg–Cu precursors prepared by microwave-induced-metal-plasma methods; the entire process is reversible.
Wireless bipolar electrode-based textile electrofluidics: towards novel micro-total-analysis systems
Authors: Khan Jawairia Umar , Ruland Andres , Sayyar Sepidar , Paull Brett , Chen Jun , Innis Peter C.
Published: August 2021

Wireless bipolar electrochemistry on a surface-accessible textile-based electrofluidic 3D construct.
Quality control of protein import into mitochondria
Authors: den Brave Fabian , Engelke Jeannine , Becker Thomas
Published: August 2021

Mitochondria import about 1000 proteins that are produced as precursors on cytosolic ribosomes. Defects in mitochondrial protein import result in the accumulation of non-imported precursor proteins and proteotoxic stress. The cell is equipped with different quality control mechanisms to monitor protein transport into mitochondria. First, molecular chaperones guide unfolded proteins to mitochondria and deliver non-imported proteins to proteasomal degradation. Second, quality control factors remove translocation stalled precursor proteins from protein translocases. Third, protein translocases monitor protein sorting to mitochondrial subcompartments. Fourth, AAA proteases of the mitochondrial subcompartments remove mislocalized or unassembled proteins. Finally, impaired efficiency of protein transport is an important sensor for mitochondrial dysfunction and causes the induction of cellular stress responses, which could eventually result in the removal of the defective mitochondria by mitophagy. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of quality control mechanisms that govern mitochondrial protein transport.
Modulating cell differentiation in cancer models
Authors: Fulghieri Paola , Stivala Lucia Anna , Sottile Virginie
Published: August 2021

Cancer has been traditionally viewed as a disease characterised by excessive and uncontrolled proliferation, leading to the development of cytotoxic therapies against highly proliferating malignant cells. However, tumours frequently relapse due to the presence of slow-cycling cancer stem cells eluding chemo and radiotherapy. Since these malignant stem cells are largely undifferentiated, inducing their lineage commitment has been proposed as a potential intervention strategy to deplete tumours from their most resistant components. Pro-differentiation approaches have thus far yielded clinical success in the reversion of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), and new developments are fast widening their therapeutic applicability to solid carcinomas. Recent advances in cancer differentiation discussed here highlight the potential and outstanding challenges of differentiation-based approaches.
Phonon model of heat radiation into superfluid helium by a solid with a flat surface
Authors: Adamenko I. N. , Nemchenko E. K. , Nemchenko K. E.
Published: August 2021

This paper reviews the quasiparticle model of superfluid helium and its application to describe heat transfer between a heated solid and superfluid helium. In this case, a problem is considered in which the surface of the heater is flat and the helium is at practically zero temperature. Under these conditions, heat transfer between solid and superfluid helium is determined by the transformation of the phonons of the solid into helium phonons. The work considers certain types of such transformation—elastic processes of phonon transformation, in which the number of phonons is conserved, and inelastic processes, in which the number of phonons changes. The main attention in this work is paid to the development of a quantum-mechanical approach for calculating the contribution of various polarizations phonons of solid to the heat flux formation, its magnitude, and angular distribution. The results of the work are used to explain the experimentally observed features of heat transfer from a heated solid to superfluid helium.
Enhanced THz transmission through a grating with layered high-temperature superconductor
Authors: G. Medrano J. , Cortés-López S. , Pérez-Rodríguez F.
Published: August 2021

The diffraction of terahertz (THz) electromagnetic waves by a grating, composed of alternating layered high-temperature-superconductor bars and dielectric bars, is theoretically studied. The formalism of the finite Fourier transform is applied for calculating the relative intensities of the diffracted THz waves. Assuming that the superconducting layers and the electric field of the incident electromagnetic wave are parallel to the axes of the grating bars, it is found that the intensity T0 of the zero-order diffracted waves into the substrate vanishes at low frequencies even at very small superconductor filling fractions. However, at frequencies just below the lowest cutoff frequency, the transmissivity T0 turns out to be considerably enhanced and its relatively large value is maintained at higher frequencies.
Quantifying the subjective cost of self-control in humans
Authors: Raio Candace M. , Glimcher Paul W.
Published: August 2021

Significance

The failure to use self-control is a fundamental problem that humans face in daily life. Recent work suggests that these “failures” might be better understood as a rational decision-making process that weighs the benefits of exercising self-control against its attendant cognitive costs. However, we still know little about how to measure these costs or how they change under different circumstances. Across five independent studies, we find that self-control costs can be measured in humans through monetary willingness to pay to avoid temptation and, further, that these costs appear to be sensitive to incentives, stress exposure, and variability in temptation intensity. Our findings may open avenues of research into computational models of self-control that inform psychological, economic, and health policy research.
Native structure of the RhopH complex, a key determinant of malaria parasite nutrient acquisition
Authors: Ho Chi-Min , Jih Jonathan , Lai Mason , Li Xiaorun , Goldberg Daniel E. , Beck Josh R. , Zhou Z. Hong
Published: August 2021

Significance

Malaria parasites invade and replicate within human red blood cells, which lack nuclei and have minimal metabolic activity. To survive, the parasites create new pathways that alter the permeability of the red blood cell membrane, allowing them to import nutrients and export waste. Here, we present the native structure of the three-membered RhopH protein complex, which plays a key role in this process. We determined the structure of this essential complex from a heterogeneous mixture of proteins enriched directly from parasite cell lysate, using a cryo-electron microscopy–enabled endogenous structural proteomics approach. The native structure of the RhopH complex in a soluble, trafficking state helps elucidate the long-standing question of how parasite transmembrane proteins are trafficked to the erythrocyte membrane.
Psychological ownership interventions increase interest in claiming government benefits
Authors: De La Rosa Wendy , Sharma Eesha , Tully Stephanie M. , Giannella Eric , Rino Gwen
Published: August 2021

Significance

Most government benefits programs exhibit a sizable participation gap, with eligible individuals forgoing billions of dollars in government benefits each year. Many policymakers have focused on addressing this participation gap, as receiving government benefits has been shown to reduce poverty, childhood hunger, educational gaps, and physical and mental illness. The current work presents psychological ownership framing as a behavioral science intervention, and we show that it can help address this benefits participation gap. These interventions are subtle, simple to implement, and cheaper to execute relative to logistical interventions. Moreover, the data show that psychological ownership interventions can be more efficacious than other common psychological interventions such as social norms and urgency.
LRRK2 plays essential roles in maintaining lung homeostasis and preventing the development of pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Tian Yujie , Lv Jiaoyan , Su Ziyan , Wu Tao , Li Xiaoguang , Hu Xiaoyu , Zhang Jianhong , Wu Li
Published: August 2021

Significance

Pulmonary fibrosis is a common final outcome of many lung diseases, and its occurrence may be closely associated with the disturbance of lung homeostasis and with alterations in pulmonary function. In this study, we identified leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) as a pivotal molecule in alveolar type II epithelial (AT2)–coordinated pulmonary responses in the context of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Our results demonstrated that LRRK2 restrained progressive pulmonary fibrosis by preventing AT2 cell dysfunction and the subsequent CCL2/CCR2 axis–dependent macrophage-mediated profibrotic responses. Our study highlights the important biological functions of LRRK2 in the maintenance of lung homeostasis and the prevention of fibrotic lung disease, thereby providing a potential target for developing clinical therapeutic strategies.
Tardigrades exhibit robust interlimb coordination across walking speeds and terrains
Authors: Nirody Jasmine A. , Duran Lisset A. , Johnston Deborah , Cohen Daniel J.
Published: August 2021

Significance

As perhaps the smallest legged animal and one of the only known soft-bodied walkers, tardigrades possess a uniquely versatile set of locomotor tools. Tardigrades have evolved to move through a vast array of environments—freshwater, marine, and terrestrial—using a strongly conserved body plan. We characterize tardigrade interleg coordination patterns using high-speed video of animals walking on gel substrates. Tardigrades utilize a tetrapod-like stepping pattern remarkably similar to that observed in insects, despite significant disparities in size and skeletal structure between the two groups. We find that tardigrades adapt their locomotion to a “galloping” coordination pattern when walking on softer substrates. This strategy has also been observed in arthropods to move efficiently on flowing or granular substrates.
The M1 and pre-M1 segments contribute differently to ion selectivity in ASICs and ENaCs
Authors: Sheikh Zeshan P. , Wulf Matthias , Friis Søren , Althaus Mike , Lynagh Timothy , Pless Stephan A.
Published: August 2021

The ability to discriminate between different ionic species, termed ion selectivity, is a key feature of ion channels and forms the basis for their physiological function. Members of the degenerin/epithelial sodium channel (DEG/ENaC) superfamily of trimeric ion channels are typically sodium selective, but to a surprisingly variable degree. While acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are weakly sodium selective (sodium:potassium ratio ∼10:1), ENaCs show a remarkably high preference for sodium over potassium (>500:1). This discrepancy may be expected to originate from differences in the pore-lining second transmembrane segment (M2). However, these show a relatively high degree of sequence conservation between ASICs and ENaCs, and previous functional and structural studies could not unequivocally establish that differences in M2 alone can account for the disparate degrees of ion selectivity. By contrast, surprisingly little is known about the contributions of the first transmembrane segment (M1) and the preceding pre-M1 region. In this study, we used conventional and noncanonical amino acid–based mutagenesis in combination with a variety of electrophysiological approaches to show that the pre-M1 and M1 regions of mASIC1a channels are major determinants of ion selectivity. Mutational investigations of the corresponding regions in hENaC show that these regions contribute less to ion selectivity, despite affecting ion conductance. In conclusion, our work suggests that the remarkably different degrees of sodium selectivity in ASICs and ENaCs are achieved through different mechanisms. These results further highlight how M1 and pre-M1 are likely to differentially affect pore structure in these related channels.
Captain Duff, the Sultan of Kelantan and Their Legacy in the Law of State Immunity and International Arbitration
Authors: Collins Lawrence
Published: August 2021

The article links the 1927 decision of the House of Lords in Duff Development Co Ltd v Government of Kelantan to the history of Captain Duff in Kelantan and its place in British colonial history and its role in the modern law of state immunity and international arbitration.
The Troubling State of Public Health
Authors: Fauteux Nicole
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed cracks in the nation's public health infrastructure.
Psychological Support for Patients Increases Survival
Authors: Rosenberg Karen
Published: August 2021

According to this study:

Overall, psychological support interventions for medical patients receiving curative or rehabilitative care increased both the odds and relative length of survival to a degree comparable to other tertiary prevention methods.
Improving Mental Health Awareness
Authors: Sabella Donna
Published: August 2021

It's important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of mental illness and to take action to ensure people experiencing mental health problems receive the assistance and treatment they need. For nurses, this is as true at home as it is at work, particularly so when a person is exhibiting aggressive tendencies or other behaviors that could potentially lead to harm. With the COVID-19 crisis leading many family members to live more closely together for extended periods, nurses should be able to identify concerning behaviors and know what to do if they observe these in their loved ones.
The secret life (cycle) of temperate bacteriophages
Authors: Fillol-Salom Alfred , Bacigalupe Rodrigo , Humphrey Suzanne , Chiang Yin Ning , Chen John , Penadés José R
Published: August 2021

Lysogenic induction ends the stable association between a bacteriophage and its host, and the transition to the lytic cycle begins with prophage excision followed by DNA replication and packaging (ERP) – a temporal program that is considered universal for most temperate phages. Here we report that the long-standing ERP program is an artefact of the experimentally favoured Salmonella phage P22 tsc229 heat-inducible mutant, and that wildtype P22 actually follows a replication-packaging-excision (RPE) program. We found that unlike P22 tsc229, P22 delayed excision to just before it was detrimental to phage production. Thus, at minimal expense to itself, P22 has tuned the timing of excision to balance propagation with lateral transduction, powering the evolution of its host through gene transfer in the interest of self-preservation.

One Sentence Summary

Genetic analyses propose a new life cycle for temperate bacteriophages.
Conformation of HIV-1 Envelope governs rhesus CD4 usage and simian-human immunodeficiency virus replication
Authors: Vilmen Geraldine , Smith Anna C , Benet Hector Cervera , Shukla Rajni Kant , Larue Ross C , Herschhorn Alon , Sharma Amit
Published: August 2021

Infection of rhesus macaques with simian-human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIVs) is the preferred model system for vaccine development because SHIVs encode HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env) – a key target of HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies. Since the goal of vaccines is to prevent new infections, SHIVs encoding circulating HIV-1 Env are desired as challenge viruses. Development of such biologically relevant SHIVs has been challenging as they fail to infect rhesus macaques, mainly because most circulating HIV-1 Env do not use rhesus CD4 (rhCD4) receptor for viral entry. Most primary HIV-1 Env exist in a closed conformation and occasionally transit to downstream, open conformation through an obligate intermediate conformation. Here, we provide genetic evidence that open Env conformations can overcome the rhCD4 entry barrier and increase replication of SHIVs in rhesus lymphocytes. Consistent with prior studies, we found that circulating HIV-1 Env do not use rhCD4 efficiently for viral entry. However, using HIV-1 Env with single amino acid substitutions that alter their conformational state, we found that transitions to intermediate and open Env conformation allow usage of physiological levels of rhCD4 for viral entry. We engineered these single amino acid substitutions in the transmitted/founder HIV-1BG505 Env encoded by SHIV-BG505 and found that open Env conformation enhances SHIV replication in rhesus lymphocytes. Lastly, CD4-mediated SHIV pull-down, sensitivity to soluble CD4, and fusogenicity assays indicated that open Env conformation promotes efficient rhCD4 binding and viral-host membrane fusion. These findings identify conformational state of HIV-1 Env as a major determinant for rhCD4 usage, viral fusion, and SHIV replication.
Sense of calling, emotional exhaustion and their effects on hotel employees’ green and non-green work outcomes
Authors: Karatepe Osman M. , Rezapouraghdam Hamed , Hassannia Rahelel
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Drawing on the self-determination and conservation of resources theories, as well as the transactional theory of stress, this paper aims to develop and empirically test a research model depicting the interrelationships of sense of calling, emotional exhaustion (EXH), intent to remain with the organization (IRO), task-related pro-environmental behavior (PEB) and non-green behavior (NGB).

Design/methodology/approach

Data came from hotel employees with three waves of one-week time lag and their direct supervisors in China. The authors assessed these linkages through structural equation modeling.

Findings

Sense of calling mitigates EXH and NBGs, while it fosters IRO and task-related PEBs. EXH partly mediates the influence of sense of calling on NGBs.

Practical implications

It is important to maintain a workplace in which employees foster their work competence, possess a more positive interpretation of work meaning and accomplish their career goals. Management should organize environmental training programs that would compel employees to pay attention to the protection of nature and scarce resources and enable them to be involved in the environmental sustainability process.

Originality/value

A search made in the hospitality and tourism literature shows that few studies have investigated the consequences of employees’ sense of calling. The authors’ search also highlights the void that little is known about the mechanism linking sense of calling to green and non-green outcomes.
Methamphetamine and alcohol detection in vehicle‐driver fatalities in South Australia: A 10‐year survey (2008–2018)
Authors: O’Donovan Siobhan , Lewis Daniel , van den Heuvel Corinna , Baldock Matthew , Humphries Melissa A. , Byard Roger W.
Published: August 2021

Motor vehicle driver fatalities (≥18 years) from the files at Forensic Science South Australia were reviewed from January 2008 to December 2018 for cases in which either positive blood sample for methamphetamine (MA) or an illegal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) >0.05g/100 ml were found. Three hundred driver deaths were found with MA detected in 28 cases (age range 21–62 years; ave. 37.8 years; M:F 23:5). Hundred and fifteen cases with a BAC > 0.05 g/100 ml were identified (age range 18–67 years; ave 35.7 years; M:F 95:20). No change was found in numbers of MA cases, although alcohol cases showed a significant decline (p < 0.001). Drunk driving‐related fatal crashes tended to occur in the evening (5 p.m. to 11 p.m.), while MA‐related fatal crashes had a longer peak extending from late evening until late morning (11 p.m. to 8 a.m.). This study has demonstrated that while roadside breath testing, legislative changes, and increased monitoring have resulted in reduced levels of drunk driving, similar safety countermeasures have had negligible effects on MA use in drivers. Continued monitoring of MA use by drivers will, therefore, be necessary to assess the possible effects, or not, of new countermeasures.
Marriage Equality in Australia and New Zealand: A Trans‐Tasman Politics of Difference
Authors: Brickell Chris , Bennett James
Published: August 2021

New Zealand's Parliament legislated for marriage equality in 2013, over four and a half years ahead of the passage of similar legislation in Australia. Civil unions came into being in New Zealand in 2005 but had only been enacted at a state and territory level in Australia, often with a different name. How might we account for these divergences? This article offers a comparative account of the Australian and New Zealand situation in order to explain the different trajectories. It marks out some important political, legal, and constitutional contextual issues, personalities, and practices that shaped the ways in which the movement for marriage equality was enabled, resisted, and had an impact on people who wanted to marry.
Adult Bochdalek hernia following living donor left hepatectomy repaired by thoracoscopy‐assisted surgery: A case report
Authors: Takagi Kosei , Kuise Takashi , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Yoshida Ryuichi , Umeda Yuzo , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi , Yagi Takahito
Published: August 2021

Bochdalek hernia is a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (DH). Herein, we report a case of adult Bochdalek hernia following living donor hepatectomy repaired by thoracoscopy‐assisted surgery. A 36‐year‐old man underwent living donor left hepatectomy. Four months later, the patient presented with acute epigastric pain. Computed tomography found the left‐sided DH in which the stomach was incarcerated into the pleural cavity without ischemic changes. As endoscopic intervention was unsuccessful, the herniated stomach was repositioned by thoracoscopy‐assisted surgery. The 3‐cm hernia orifice was found to have a smooth edge with no hernia sac, suggesting Bochdalek hernia, and the defect was primarily closed. The patient was followed up for 20 months without hernia recurrence. This is the first presentation of a case of Bochdalek hernia following donor hepatectomy. In cases of early detected DH, primary repair via a transthoracic approach with thoracoscopy‐assisted surgery is safe and feasible.
Introduction: Urban Precarity
Authors: Campbell Brian , Laheij Christian
Published: August 2021

Cities have long been associated with precarity. This link seems to have intensified under contemporary global regimes of capitalism, with both popular and academic discourses noting the risks that come with building and inhabiting urban environments. The introduction to this special issue reflects on the various ways in which anthropology has engaged with the relationship between “urbanity” and “precarity.” It argues that current work on precarity either favors the experiences of the Global North or sidelines the urban dimension. Studies that overcome these obstacles, moreover, are largely crystalizing around discussions of infrastructure and securitization. We offer the notion of “urban precarity” as a call for ethnography that cross‐germinates developments in urban studies with those made in our understanding of precarity. By foregrounding the urban, the ethnography collated here suggests that in the cities of late capitalism, precarity emerges as a multifaceted condition, encapsulating not only legal and economic deprivation but also moral, spiritual, political, and health‐related uncertainties. As the protagonists of our ethnography struggle to deal with the many threats bearing down upon them, precarity is also revealed as a condition conducive to world‐building and social transformation, although such forms of creative agency are highly experimental and liable to backfire.
Overcoming the barriers to care for children with neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Binagwaho Agnes , Muvunyi Raissa
Published: August 2021

This commentary is on the original article by Cloet et al. on pages 88–94 of this issue.
Navigating labels, seeking recognition for victimhood: Diaspora activism after mass‐atrocities
Authors: Orjuela Camilla
Published: August 2021

This article analyses diaspora mobilization for transitional justice as efforts to gain recognition for victim‐based identities. Building on research among diaspora groups from Rwanda and Sri Lanka in North America and Europe, the article investigates how diaspora actors in their quest for victimhood recognition navigate, make use of and challenge labels such as “victim”, “perpetrator”, “genocide”, “survivor” and “terrorist”. The article uses Jacoby's theory of victimhood to draw attention to the diasporic space as particularly conducive for recognition struggles, and discuss the different stages through which victim‐based identities are constructed. The empirical examples reveal how serveral competing and interrelated processes towards victimhood recognition are simultaneously at work, and how diaspora actors both refute and creatively make use of categories that assign blame or signal victimhood and resilience.
Treatment of zeolite adsorbed material as a potential nuclear waste glass‐ceramic matrix
Authors: Wei Guilin , Luo Fen , Miao Yulong , Han Wenhong , Xie Yi , Huang Wenxiao , Xu Zhengfan , Lu Xirui
Published: August 2021

Zeolite, as a common adsorption material, should be safely treated after adsorbing different nuclear wastes. In this study, different types of simulated zeolite wastes were successfully immobilized based on the exploring result of suitable experiment conditions. Firstly, sintering temperature was selected based on TG‐DSC and phase results, which represented mainly as glassy phase. Then, the holding time was chosen through density and Vickers hardness results. For the sintering of zeolite, the suitable temperature is 1500℃ and the holding time is 1 h. Through the fitting process, FT‐IR results demonstrate that the main microstructures compose of sheet silicates. Three types of simulated zeolite wastes can successfully transform into matrix and all the waste contents were uniformly immobilized. Finally, SEM‐EDS results prove that the matrix is glass‐ceramic which can well immobilize the considered nuclear wastes. This work proposes the idea of treatment of zeolite adsorbed material as a potential nuclear waste glass‐ceramic matrix and the suitable conditions were also investigated.
Ultrahigh‐temperature Palaeoproterozoic rocks in the Neoproterozoic Borborema Province, implications for São Francisco Craton dispersion in NE Brazil
Authors: Tesser Lucas R. , Ganade Carlos E. , Weinberg Roberto F. , Basei Miguel A. S. , Moraes Renato , Batista Laísa A.
Published: August 2021

This work reports on the first identification of sapphirine‐bearing ultrahigh‐temperature (UHT) metamorphic rocks within the Borborema Province, in NE Brazil. The investigated UHT diatexites outcrop in the Arapiraca Complex, a high‐grade Palaeoproterozoic block embedded within the Neoproterozoic metavolcano‐sedimentary sequence of the Sergipano fold‐and‐thrust belt. A sapphirine‐bearing diatexite sample preserves two distinct residual mineral associations as inclusions in cordierite poikiloblasts: a volumetrically dominant silica‐saturated, garnet–sillimanite–orthopyroxene–quartz domain, and a restricted silica‐undersaturated, sapphirine–magnetite–spinel–corundum domain. Phase equilibrium modelling for the whole‐rock bulk composition constrains the reactions preserved in the silica‐saturated domain, which, coupled with reintegrated ternary feldspar thermometry and Al‐in‐orthopyroxene thermobarometry, indicates peak UHT metamorphism occurring at ~970°C/8.5 kbar followed by a clockwise near isobaric cooling stage crossing the H2O‐undersaturated solidus at ~910°C/7.7 kbar. The T–MSiO2 and P–T phase equilibrium models reveal that the stabilization of magnetite‐spinel in the silica‐undersaturated domain can be a product of domanial SiO2‐depletion ascribed to inherited compositional banding and progressive melt‐loss episodes. The appearance of sapphirine as thin coronae around previously formed magnetite‐spinel cores requires an increase in the bulk silica content during retrograde metamorphism. This was driven by variable degrees of chemical interaction between the silica‐undersaturated domain and trapped silica‐rich leucosomes. U–Pb dating of zircon coupled with trace element behaviour records the timing of melt crystallization between ca. 2.03 and 1.96 Ga, after peak UHT metamorphism and supporting a protracted, ca. 70 My period of melt presence in the crust. The UHT metamorphism in the Arapiraca Complex is related to a contemporaneous UHT event recorded within the São Francisco Craton and more broadly coincides with high geothermal gradients at ca. 2.0 Ga linked to the formation of the Columbia supercontinent. The integration of new petrological and geochronological data indicates that the Arapiraca Complex is a continental ribbon pulled away from the São Francisco–Congo palaeocontinent possibly during the early Neoproterozoic intermittent rifting events and opening of the Sergipano oceanic basin between ca. 0.98–0.74 Ga. During the late Neoproterozoic at ca. 0.63–0.57 Ga, the Arapiraca Complex continental ribbon was thrusted back onto the northern margin of the São Francisco Craton as an inlier of the Sergipano fold‐and‐thrust belt.
Non‐ablative Er:YAG laser is an effective tool in the treatment arsenal of androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Day Doris , McCarthy Madison , Talaber Iva
Published: August 2021

Background

Up to 70% of the adult population worldwide is affected by androgenetic alopecia (AGA) hair loss. Laser therapy offers an addition or alternative to pharmaceutical and surgical treatment of hair regrowth, with non‐ablative lasers being preferred over ablative lasers in terms of safety and downtime. Combining laser therapy with different topical agents may result in better hair regrowth.

Objective

The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of non‐ablative Er:YAG laser used in clinical practice, alone or in combination with other treatment modalities, in patients with both early and advanced stages of AGA.

Methods and patients

Sixteen patients (7 male and 9 female) with active AGA in different stages were treated with the non‐ablative Er:YAG laser (SMOOTHTM mode, 7 mm spot size, 7.00 J/cm2 pulse fluence, 3.3 Hz frequency) as a monotherapy or in combination with injections of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) to the scalp, topical minoxidil, and oral supplements for the promotion and support of hair growth. Efficacy was assessed with clinical assessment of AGA grade (Ludwig scale for female / Norwood‐Hamilton scale for male) and with blind evaluation of hair quality in global photographs before and after treatment. Patients subjectively rated their satisfaction with the laser treatment on a scale from 0–3 and pain on a VAS scale from 0–10.

Results

AGA grade after treatment was lower compared to baseline (p = 0.015 and p = 0.125 in female and male patients, respectively). Blind evaluation indicated an improvement in hair quality in 93% of patients, either being described as much better (14%) or as better (79%), which was not correlated with age or AGA grade. The median satisfaction score was 3, and the median VAS score for pain was 2. The positive effect of the treatment on the hair quality is ongoing. No adverse reactions were reported.

Conclusions

The treatment was effective in treating AGA, confirmed by a decrease in AGA grade and by blinded evaluation of global photographs. Although the possible additive or complementary effect of topical minoxidil or nutraceuticals cannot be excluded, our results suggest that the non‐ablative Er:YAG laser SMOOTH™ mode as a monotherapy, or in combination with PRP, is an efficient and safe treatment for AGA—with a high satisfaction rate among patients regardless of patient age, AGA duration, or AGA stage.
Development and application of specific questions to classify a child as food texture sensitive
Authors: Ross Carolyn F. , Surette Victoria A. , Bernhard Charles B. , Smith‐Simpson Sarah , Lee Jookyeong , Russell Catherine G. , Keast Russell
Published: August 2021

Understanding food texture sensitivity in children is important in guiding food selection. The objective of this work was to develop a short questionnaire that could be completed by parents in nonclinical settings to provide a categorization for food texture sensitivity in children. This study evaluated the distribution of children as texture sensitive (TS) or non‐texture sensitive (NTS) and the predictive validity of these questions to explain rejection of specific food textures. Three sets of survey data were examined, including data from a home‐use test (HUT) in children with and without Down syndrome (DS), and lingual tactile sensitivity measured by grating orientation task (GOT). From three parent‐completed surveys, the use of the questionnaire yielded a similar distribution of children in the TS category (16–22%) as previously reported. TS children (4–36 months) were more likely to reject specific food textures, including chewy, hard, lumpy, and “tough meat” (p < .05). A higher percentage of children with a diagnosis of DS were TS (36.9%). Children who were TS showed increased negative behaviors to foods and ate less than NTS children. In older children (5–12 years), TS children were fussier than NTS children (p < .001). Lingual tactile sensitivity was not significantly different by TS/NTS categorization (p = .458). This study demonstrated that the use of these five questions specific to food texture provides a useful tool in categorizing a child as TS/NTS, with this information being useful in selecting preferred food textures. Future studies involving these TS questions should perform psychometric assessments and measures of criterion validity using other questionnaires.
The promise of a health professions education imagination
Authors: Hirshfield Laura E.
Published: August 2021

Context

Social factors play a key role in health professions education and are thus a foundational topic that medical trainees must be taught. Although medical educators have discussed the best ways to teach these concepts for decades, there are still significant barriers to full incorporation of ‘the social’ into medical training.

Framework

Building upon previous scholarship in medical education, the author argues for the development in trainees of a ‘health professions education imagination’ or a unique ‘quality of mind’ that facilitates navigating competing ways of knowing. This concept borrows explicitly from ‘the sociological imagination’, which is briefly described. Next, some of the principles of thinking that might contribute to a similar ‘imagination’ in health professions education are identified. Finally, exemplars are provided highlighting how recent scholars have used their health professions education imaginations in recent research and teaching practice.

Implications

The health professions education imagination provides a useful framework to help guide clinical and research trainees to integrate the epistemologically diverse forms of knowledge they are exposed to and to break down the silos that these forms of knowledge are commonly taught within.
Missing persons: Young children's talk about absent members of their social network
Authors: Yang Qianru Tiffany , Leech Kathryn A. , Harris Paul L.
Published: August 2021

Little is known about young children's ability to talk about absent members of their social network. We analyzed the speech of four children from 2 to 5 years. References to absent caregivers were relatively frequent, even when children were 2 years old. Such references were often generated spontaneously rather than being repetitions of a name produced by the child's interlocutor. Children's comments about absent family members occasionally expressed concern about contact with them but were predominantly neutral or reflective. By implication, children can maintain a representation of the various members of their social network from an early age, despite separation.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Early Functional Recovery of Bernese Periacetabular Osteotomy
Authors: Gu Yan‐ge , Shi Zhi‐wei , Yue Yao‐hui , Yan Zhao‐long , Yin Lu‐xu , Zhang Ye‐yong , Sun Hua‐qiang , Li Shu‐feng , Yan Xin‐feng
Published: August 2021

Objectives

To explore factors affecting the efficacy of Bernese periacetabular osteotomy for the treatment of hip dysplasia.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on 44 patients with hip dysplasia who underwent Bernese periacetabular osteotomy with a modified Smith‐Peterson approach between January 2017 and November 2019. Among them, 40 were women and four were men. The average age was 31.2 ± 9.4. Preoperative and postoperative imaging parameters were measured. The acetabular top tilt angle, lateral central edge angle, acetabular abduction angle, femoral head extrusion index, sphericity index of femoral head, Shenton line, Tonnis grade of osteoarthritis, joint congruency, p/a ratio, acetabular anteversion angle, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scale scores, and modified Harris hip score (MHHS) were observed. MHHS were divided into three clinically relevant categories: poor (<70 points), good (70–85 points), and excellent (86–91 points). Patient demographic data, as well as preoperative and postoperative radiographic parameters, were subjected to univariate logistic regression analysis. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine factors influencing postoperative MHHS.

Results

The follow‐up time was 1.0–3.9 years after surgery, with an average of 1.6 years. By the last follow‐up, MHHS increased from 70 points before surgery to 91 points after surgery (P < 0.001), WOMAC pain score decreased from 4 points before surgery to 0 points after surgery (P < 0.001). WOMAC functional score decreased (Preoperative: 18.0 [4.0]; Postoperative: 4.0 [0], P = 0.004). Six patients had sensory disturbance of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, four of which recovered completely during follow‐up. No other complications related to surgical approach, osteotomy, acetabular displacement, acetabular fixation, and postoperative stage were found. There was no significant vascular, nerve, or visceral injuries in any of the patients. On multiple regression analysis, the probability of the postoperative modified Harris hip score of a hip joint with a preoperative lateral center edge angle ≥4.5° being classified as excellent was six times that of angles <4.5° (Exp[β]: 6.249, 95% CI: 1.03–37.85, P = 0.046). Regression analysis of other factors found no significant correlation with postoperative functional scores.

Conclusion

Overall functional scores post‐PAO significantly improved, and pain symptoms were significantly reduced. Patients with a preoperative lateral center edge angle ≥4.5° had better joint function after surgery.
The dilemma of open or double‐blind food challenges in diagnosing food allergy in children: Design of the ALDORADO trial
Authors: de Weger Wouter W. , Sprikkelman Aline B. , Herpertz Catherina E. M. , van der Meulen Gerbrich N. , Vonk Judith M. , Kamps Arvid W. A. , Koppelman Gerard H.
Published: August 2021

Background

It is of major importance to diagnose food allergy accurately. Current guidelines support the use of oral food challenges to do so. The double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) has been regarded as the ‘gold standard’ for decades. However, DBPCFCs are costly, and time‐ and resource‐intensive procedures. Structural implementation of less demanding open food challenges will only find support if research demonstrates that their outcome is comparable to DBPCFC, yet this has been proven difficult to investigate.

Methods

We performed a literature review to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of oral food challenges and interviewed 19 parents of children with proven or suspected food allergy about the design of a trial to study this.

Results

An overview of the dilemma of diagnosing food allergy using oral food challenges, and the methodological issues and parents’ opinions to study this. No comparative studies have been performed using the latest guidelines on oral food challenges.

Conclusions

There is an urgent need to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of different oral food challenge protocols. We present the rationale and design of the ALDORADO trial (ALlergy Diagnosed by Open oR DOuble‐blind food challenge) that has been set up to investigate whether the outcome of the open food challenge is comparable to DBPCFC.