bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the planned and actual course of construction of reinforced concrete monolithic structures
Authors: Doubek R
Published: December 2021

During construction, there is often a change in contractual terms, either in advance of construction or delayed construction. This phenomenon is due to many influencing factors such as delayed subcontracting, climatic conditions, the surrounding construction site, the quality of project documentation, the solvency of the investor, the expertise of the general contractor, etc. The aim of the paper is to assess the planned and actual construction of reinforced concrete monolithic structural elements using tower cranes. The subject of the paper is to state the expected method of implementation in time and how the construction proceeded. Milestones for accelerating and slowing down construction, analyzing their causes and proposing future measures will be presented. Data are obtained by measuring real buildings.
Management of health and safety on building site using smart technologies
Authors: Husovská A , Struková Z
Published: December 2021

The construction industry is a dynamic manufacturing sector whose major problem is occupational safety and its management. There are various information and communication technologies or applications that can improve health and safety status. Their use gives every company management a great advantage to become more competitive in the construction trade. The presented article deals with smart phones and related applications as a type of technologies that can be easily used to improve health and safety performance in our conditions. The aim of the article is to present the advantages and benefits of this technology for increasing safety on construction sites. The presented results confirm the trend of efficient processing of the obtained information using ICT technologies. They intensify the safety management process and help staff to handle unpredictable dangerous incidents and contribute to the successful management of the whole construction site.
Sustainability of material solutions of modern methods of construction
Authors: Mokrenko D , Kozlovská M
Published: December 2021

In the last decade, the construction industry has been going through a technological revolution known as Construction 4.0. This progress has brought digitization, automation, virtual reality, 3D printing and prefabrication to production. Prefabrication is the basic solution of most Modern Methods of Construction (MMC), thanks to which construction is faster, safer, better quality and with a lower impact on the environment. MMC design solutions can include volumetric, panel, hybrid systems, parts and components bat also on-site innovative technologies. From the point of the sustainability, material solutions of MMC are also very important and open the potential for their innovations. The aim of this article is to explore the possibilities of higher use of composite materials and mixtures, preferably with an emphasis on more environmentally friendly and recycled materials.
Carbon footprint of selected building structures
Authors: Budajová J
Published: December 2021

In general, we can call the carbon footprint as emissions of gases that affect the Earth’s climate, while being used by humans. The impact of construction, building materials, structures, or the overall life cycle of a building on the environment is great. Sustainable architecture is gaining more prominence, using reduced carbon footprint. Today’s construction industry is increasingly moving towards sustainable construction, which is constantly being formed. The great weather fluctuations that take place from day to day are forcing us to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions. The global warming potential GWP (global warming potential) caused by these greenhouse gas emissions is increased to carbon dioxide CO2 and expressed as carbon dioxide equivalent CO2eq. Using GWP we can determine the carbon footprint of a product. The aim of this paper is to change the three compositions of the perimeter walls using LCA analysis (life cycle assessment) and to choose the composition that has the best carbon footprint and is therefore more advantageous. The need for a sustainable built environment is urgent due to its positive impact on the environment.
Assessment of streamflows in the Hornád river basin and analysis of trends
Authors: Nagy P
Published: December 2021

Climate change is a global phenomenon. The more frequent occurrence of dry periods, which last longer but also extreme rainfall, needs to be reduced for better water management. During the dry season, the quantity and quality of surface and groundwater decreases. Water is important for agriculture, agriculture and ecosystems. This study was focused on the occurrence of trends in daily flows in the Hornád basin at selected hydrological stations for the period 1960-2011. The Mann-Kendall trend test is used to evaluate trends in hydrometeorological time series.
Methods for identifying non-value-adding activities in construction processes
Authors: Klosova D , Kozlovská M
Published: December 2021

Construction projects are characterized by low productivity due to many wasteful activities in construction processes. Wasteful or non-value-adding activities result in quality and profit loss in many construction projects. Consequently, construction needs more effective strategies for process innovation at all stages of the construction project life cycle. Analysis of the current state has shown the possibilities of improving construction processes through the implementation of technologies, methods and procedures of lean construction. Such improvements can help increase the efficiency and productivity of construction projects. Therefore, it is necessary to promote more effective construction waste management by identifying the causes of non-value-adding activities during the construction phase, and apply the gained data to eliminate wastes during the planning phase. The paper presents the most appropriate technologies and methods for collecting data on non-value-adding activities.
Experimental verification referring to the new shape of the perforated steel strip
Authors: Petrík A
Published: December 2021

Perforated steel strips are used as reliable shear connectors many years. During this time, many different shapes of the openings or recesses were developed to improve the durability and resistance of the shear connection. Behaviour of these strips were mainly verified by experimental research, but many parameters could not be measured. Numerical analysis provides not only easy and fast way of testing the behaviour of specimens, but also the possibility to improve the geometry of the strips. Modified steel strips can be deeply investigated in simulations and subsequently verified by push-out tests in laboratories. The combination of these two methods can bring the spectrum of the information that can complexly describe the behaviour, durability and also the weak points of the shear connection, especially in case of the new or modified shape.
Measurement of the runoff coefficient of extensive greenroof
Authors: Vystrčil J , Nespešný O , Šuhajda K , Bečkovský D , Selník P
Published: December 2021

Describes the procedure of experimental measurement of the runoff coefficient C, both of individual layers and the entire composition extensive green roofs. Experimental measurements make it possible to determine the reference behaviour of runoff characteristics, namely runoff coefficient C, with emphasis on the simulation of the real behaviour of extensive green roofs. The aim is an elementary description of the structural and physical behaviour of extensive green roofs. For the needs of experimental measurement, the dimensional and shape limits of test specimens are described, the conditions for conditioning of individual specimens, the boundary conditions of execution and individual steps of the experiment. Then is specified the method of evaluation and subsequent verification of measured data. The result of the experimental measurement is the amount of drained water from the tested specimens of the extensive green roof at time t, which shows a nonlinear behaviour. From the set of measured data, it is then possible to predict the behaviour of extensive green roofs in real conditions and to determine the runoff coefficient C of the tested specimens. These data represent reference values for the subsequent design of sub-elements and structures of buildings.
Preparation of triclinic alite with short soakings in a small experimental high-temperature furnace
Authors: Ravaszová S
Published: December 2021

The article deals with a laboratory preparation of triclinic modification of clinker mineral tricalcium silicate. A substantial part of the article is devoted to the technology and technique of firing a sample of tricalcium silicate, which would in the future allow the study of the development of the crystal lattice structure of this clinker mineral at short isothermal durations, in the order of minutes. As part of the research, a small high-temperature experimental furnace was designed and constructed. Based on the results, we can express the suitability and applicability of this furnace for the study of the formation of triclinic tricalcium silicate at short soakings.
Effect of the number and arrangement of inclusions on the strength of concrete specimens
Authors: Kovac M , Kusnir S
Published: December 2021

In concrete structures, we identify deformation fields of nodes with applied concentrated stress, which are accompanied by a change in the density and shape of force trajectories. These changes are caused by the presence of large grains of aggregate and/or reinforcing bars (inclusions) in the concrete, clumps of grains of normal size, or the presence of a cavern around the grain of the aggregate. These internal imperfections are among the important parameters that affect the failure process of concrete test specimens, and thus the initiation and development of cracks in concrete and can have a negative impact on the strength of concrete elements. This paper deals with the influence of the number of inclusions in their symmetrical arrangement on a series of test specimens of three different sizes, which are subjected to uniaxial compression. Attention is paid to the selection of a suitable standardization parameter, which will consider the different quality of concrete test specimens
Influence of time intervals of microwave drying of masonry on the final result of drying
Authors: Kvapilová V
Published: December 2021

In the area of drying damp masonry, we already know the discussed method of microwave drying. This method is indestructive, which is why it is considered to be used for listed heritage buildings. Even though there was much research done already on this topic, we are still missing answers for some questions regarding particular methodological procedures. This contribution is focused on the impact of time intervals of microwave drying on the final result of masonry drying. The experiment was done on historical masonry of CPP and on ceramic masonry. Two laboratory samples were made out of each type of masonry, to which we applied microwave drying in different time intervals. Difference was in both time of drying and time of pauses between them. The aim was to set an ideal interval of drying.
Application of critical shear crack theory on punching of flat slabs
Authors: Sarvaicova S , Borzovic V
Published: December 2021

This article deals with the punching capacity of a flat slab fragment supported by an internal atypically elongated column. Based on the results of this analysis and the application of Critical Shear Crack Theory, the reliability of two design models was determined. The CSCT model is a mechanical model where the shear force transferred by concrete in shear crack can be determined by accounting for the roughness and opening of a critical shear crack. The crack width is proportional to the slab rotation, which was obtained from a nonlinear program Atena and from experimental test and shear capacity was obtained by integrating the shear strength along the control perimeter. The aim of this analysis was to compare the application of CSCT in non-linear analysis and experimental test to point out the significant difference between obtained results, which shows the importance of experimental tests realization. Non-linear analyses provided unsafe results. Contrary the currently used EC2 model provided safe results when reduction of the control perimeter was applied. The best results were obtained in a combination of the CSCT model with measured rotations of the slab specimen.
The influence of signal noise to measurements at bridge structure
Authors: Štecák R
Published: December 2021

Bridge weight-in-motion (BWIM) system is a method, that provides to identify axle weights. It is a non-destructive method, which allows not only to identify the axle weight, but it can show current shape of the structure, so it has a great potential. There are various methods to do measurements for this system. Mostly, accelerometers or strain gauge are used. Signal noise has significant effects to the results. It could be resonance of the bridge, wind, defect at the support system, defect at the roadway, etc. It is necessary to filter all this effects, to get clear data. There are many ways to do the filtering. Digital filters allow it. Sometimes, this type of filtering could remove important data about the crossing of the vehicle. It could generate inaccuracy of the whole system and create major errors to identified vehicles. It is necessary to find the optimal way, to keep important data and remove all dynamic noise. This paper will investigate the previously mentioned problems. Measurements will be accomplished on a small-scale model of the bridge. Vehicle will be crossing over the bridge, while the bridge will be awakened to the first vibration shape and other frequencies, that will have a great impact to the measurements.
Sustainable concept of energy management of buildings as an effective tool for green building
Authors: Domanický J , Vranayová Z , Vranay F
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, due to high external temperatures, the topic of cooling is very actual. However, cooling buildings is energy intensive. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on more than one method of cooling. We can say that cooling can be provided in 2 ways. By building services and by architectural design. For existing buildings, we cannot change the shape and orientation of the building. But we can change the composition of structures. Green architecture is often mentioned in this area. Therefore, the aim of this research is to interconnect these two areas and determine the influence of vegetative roof on the radiant cooling and heating systems. This connection shows us how the design will affect the HVAC systems.
Sustainability of green walls
Authors: Halaszova I , Kozlovska M
Published: December 2021

Not long ago, the sustainability of buildings was not taken as a design priority, although it was considered to some extent. The required level of sustainability has risen sharply in recent years, buildings are becoming more self-sufficient, environmental friendly and greener. Towards more attention to green sustainable alternatives in architecture, new solutions for sustainability began to be sought, such as the use of vertical and horizontal surfaces of the building for green facades, the use of roofs for roof greenery, as well as introduction of greenery into building in the form of green walls. Along with the introduction of greenery into the interior comes the new necessary technical solutions, thinking about the overall green wall with respect to the indoor environment and building itself as well as new possibilities of using rainwater, beautify the interior, improving the air etc. However, it is important to perceive a green wall as a living element that must be sustainable, and this is what this article is about. The article focuses on the green walls from the point of examining the available information on this subject in domestic as well as in foreign sources. The results of this article can help to improve understanding of various green walls from different perspectives and compare their view on the green wall in terms of sustainability. The paper helps designers and researchers to orientate in the given topic to create an overview of the different options of the current greenery systems.
Assessment of the effect of shapes of a shaft intake structure using the PIV method
Authors: Bytčanková L
Published: December 2021

The construction of shaft intake structures in Slovakia has increased. The shaft intake structures overcome significant vertical height over short horizontal distance. In their front horizontal section, the water flows with free surface, then in the vertical section the flow changes its direction and character to a pressurized flow. The flow of water in these shaft intake structures is therefore very complicated. A hydraulically suitable design of the intake structure is associated with achieving the required parameters of the small hydropower plant (SHPP), but due to the reduction of project costs, the shapes of shaft intake structures of SHPP are often not correctly hydraulically designed. One of the important aspects is the distribution of flow velocity of these intake structures. Uneven distribution of flow velocity causes negative effects on turbine performance. Therefore, the investigation of the effects of shaft intake structure design on flow velocity distribution has been realized. The velocity field at a shaft intake of a small hydropower plant was investigated on a physical model in a hydraulic laboratory using the PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) method. The PIV measurements were realized for different shaft heights and proved negative effects of the design on the flow homogeneity in the turbine intake.
Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) in areas used for agricultural purposes: the Rye Island pilot study
Authors: Červeňanská M , Mydla J , Šoltész A , Danáčová Z , Kullman E
Published: December 2021

For a long-term retention of water in aquifers and its subsequent use in drier or heavier demand periods, the Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) techniques are studied and implemented in 4 pilot areas of the DEEPWATER-CE project. In Slovakia, the pilot study is situated in the Rye Island. A calibrated MODFLOW model is used for a prediction of groundwater level changes caused by the Recharge Dam MAR. Results of the simulations showed that the increased groundwater level caused by the realization and operation of three proposed weirs affects the volume of water infiltrated to the aquifer but does not cause the flooding of the adjacent area.
Drought assessment and prediction for Gidra river, Slovakia
Authors: Čubanová L , Almikaeel W
Published: December 2021

Climate change is affecting every aspect of the world including water resources and water scarcity. Drought is one of many big problems associated with climate change that could occur all over the world. Moreover, hydrological drought is one form of drought that relates to decreased river discharges, below-normal groundwater level, declining the area of wetlands and low water level in lakes or reservoirs. In this study, an assessment of hydrological drought in Gidra river is conducted to characterize dry and normal hydrological years according to Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMI) Methodology. Furthermore, making benefit of machine learning and artificial intelligence in this field is applicable now, as data of many types are being recorded every day. Deploying machine learning algorithms for the purpose of drought prediction is one way to regulate many operations of water management to prevent irrigation problems. By catching patterns through historical data and deploying machines to learn from those patterns, it is possible to use the values of daily average discharges for January, February, March, and April to correctly predict the hydrological situation in Gidra river whether it is dry or normal, knowing that normal situation refers to wet or normal hydrologically assessed years as the optimal goal in this study is drought assessment and prediction of Gidra river.
Effect of percent air voids content on the deformation properties of the asphalt mixture
Authors: Bokomlasko J , Mandula J
Published: December 2021

Asphalt mixture is a building material with many advantages. Therefore, it is most used in road construction. If the asphalt mixture is laid with the prescribed technology, it can withstand load effects to long-term. It is necessary to take samples that will be subjected to laboratory measurements. There are several laboratory test, for example measurement thickness of the asphalt mixture layers, the aggregate fraction, quantity of binder in the mixture, determination of air void in asphalt mixture layers. Samples taken directly from the construction site are subjected to laboratory tests. This article focuses on one of the laboratory tests and it is determination of air void in asphalt mixture layers. The determination of air void in asphalt mixture layers is test in detail, because this effect has influence on the deformation properties of asphalt mixture layers. Therefore, it was necessary to model of air void in asphalt mixture layers with different degrees air void. On this purpose was use program Abaqus. The results were plotted. This graphs showed that increasing the air void in asphalt mixture layers has effect on the expansion of deformations. This can lead to faster pavement degradation.
Analysis of available shared transport solutions in Krakow
Authors: Grabarz A , Sawicki W
Published: December 2021

Sharing modes of transport in Kraków: in the context of the transport policy of large cities, it is worth noting sharing as an increasingly common method of transport. The policy of sharing: cars, scooters, bicycles and motor scooter has become an important way to complement public transport. The aim of this paper is to analyse the available shared transport modes used by Krakow residents and their impact on the environment, over the last few years. The increase in popularity of available shared transport solutions is due, among other things, to their availability and relatively low cost of use. This solution is a response to the needs of modern cities and has a positive impact on the environment.
Evaluation of the mechanical properties of fluvial coarsegrained soils from dynamic penetration test
Authors: Kučová E , Kuvik M
Published: December 2021

Soil and rock properties are essential inputs for the design of geotechnical structures. But unlike man-made materials, the determination of the characteristic value is not simple, mostly because of the large space variability of the soils and rocks. In many cases, the large spatial variability makes it difficult to collect sufficient ground samples for further laboratory testing so that many tests are performed directly in the field. In Slovakia, the dynamic penetration test (DP) is, among others, a quite popular field test for soil investigation. From the measured data, it is possible to derive relative density (ID) shear (φ
ef) and deformation (E
def) parameters of coarse-grained soils. There are many available correlations between the DP results and geotechnical parameters. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the most appropriate one as it considerably affects the final evaluation. This paper shows the assessment of geotechnical parameters of coarse-grained fluvial soil from the DP results and presents the statistical determination of its characteristic values, which are furthermore compared with the nominal values used in Slovakia.
Measurement and optimization of multi-attribute characteristics in milling epoxy granite composites using rsm and combined ahp-topsis
Authors: ArunRamnath R , Thyla P R
Published: December 2021

Epoxy granite composites with its wide range of applications in machine tool industries are manufactured by molding process and require post cast machining operations to meet the desired dimensional accuracy for assembly of machine tool structures. In this research work, milling of epoxy granite composites are carried out based on the experimental design from Response Surface Methodology (RSM) techniques and further the optimal solutions are determined by a novel hybrid algorithm AHP-TOPSIS. Central Composite Design (CCD) model is applied with three factors-three levels and the measured output responses are thrust force, tangential force and surface roughness. Experimental combinations of 20 different trials are performed using high speed steel end mill cutter of diameter 10 mm with three levels of input parameters: speed; fibre content and feed rate at a uniform depth of cut. The relative importance matrix formulated proved to be highly consistent with its consistency ratio to a maximum of 0.000641 which lies below the higher range of 0.1. Consistency ratio of 0.000641 reveals that the optimal solutions determined will be highly reliable and the decision making is much more judicious. Optimal solution determined from hybrid AHP-TOPSIS methods are: speed 1800 rpm; feed rate 0.03 m min−1 and 0% percent fibre content. Functional relationships among parameters and responses established by RSM are consistent upto 95% and its significance is tested by analysis of variance. Comparison among predicted and experimental values of three measured responses convey that the percentage variations are minimum with up to 2.03% for surface roughness, 2.50% for thrust force and 2.71% for tangential force components. This research work provides a systematic procedure and clear framework for determination of optimal machining conditions by hybrid methodology on the basis of technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) combined with analytical hierarchy procedure (AHP) for attribute weights and further analyzes the influence of machining parameters over measured responses.
Influence of Al203 particle mixed dielectric fluid on machining performance of Ti6Al4V
Authors: R Ranjith , Prabhakar B S Manoj , P K Giridharan , Ramu M
Published: December 2021

In this research work, an attempt was made to machine Ti6Al4V titanium alloy utilizing AA6061/10 Gr composite tool. The composite tool was fabricated using stir casting technique and Al2O3 particles of size 5 μm were incorporated in the dielectric fluid to enhance the machining performance. Experiments were conducted by varying Al203 concentration, pulse on time, current, and pulse off time, and the responses Material Removal Rate (MRR), Tool Wear Rate (TWR), and Surface Roughness (Ra) were recorded. Experiments runs were planned using Taguchi orthogonal array. The results revealed that adding powder increases MRR and TWR owing to the excessive heat generation and bridging effect respectively. The best surface finish was attained due to the increase in spark gap and complete flushing of machined debris. Coating of materials over the machined specimen was observed when the parametric value of Ton was higher than 60 μs under PMEDM conditions. Pits, craters and cracks were observed on the machined topography which was eliminated when 5 g l−1 of Al2O3 particles were added to dielectric fluid. MEIOT technique was utilized for optimization and it was observed that Ton 15 μs, Toff 4 μs and current 7 A and powder concentration of 10 g l−1 results in best machining performance.
SWCNH (Single walled carbon nanohorn) supervises ER (Endoplasmic reticulum) stress through triggering autophagy process of hepatocytes, especially in hepatoma cell line HepG2
Authors: Dong Jinling , Zhang Ying , Xie Zhihong , He Jie , Wu Tiantian
Published: December 2021

Backgrounds. The cellular homeostasis is major maintained by the catabolic pathway of autophagy. Our previous work indicated that SWCNH were associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress mediated by calcium flow and autophagic response. But, its mechanism was unclear. Methods. The regulation of SWCNH on the calcium flow then autophagy of liver cells were investigated through inducing ER stress with tunicamycin and SWCNH. The calcuim flow was determined using Fluo-3, then autophagy was examined with immunofluorescence or western blot for LC3, Beclin-1, ATG-5, and p62. Moreover, the apopototic protein of Bax and Bcl-2 was detected, too. Results. Tunicamycin-induced ER stress in hepatocytes was related to calcium flow, especially for hepatoma cell line HepG2. Moreover, SWCNH participated in the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related calcium flow. Besides, SWCNH induced hepatocyte autophagy and inhibited cell apoptosis, then mediated the process of hepatocyte autophagy. Conclusions. Tunicamycin-induced ER stress in hepatocytes was related to calcium flow. Moreover, SWCNH induced hepatocyte autophagy, inhibited cell apoptosis, and participated in the autophagy regulation of hepatocyte, especially for hepatoma cell line.
Effect of aging treatment on corrosion behavior of Mg-4Nd-2Gd-0.5Zr alloy
Authors: Liu Jianxin , Chen Jun , Li Quanan , Chen Xiaoya , Zhang Ziyan
Published: December 2021

The effects of aging time on corrosion behavior of Mg-4Nd-2Gd-0.5Zr alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution were investigated by microanalysis, weight loss test and electrochemical test. The results show that the corrosion rate of Mg-4Nd-2Gd-0.5Zr alloy decreases first and then increases with the extension of aging time. Aging treatment alters the grain size and the distribution of the second phases. The second phases and grain size are the key factors affecting the corrosion rate of magnesium alloy. Among the tested alloys, the T6-8 h alloy shows the lowest corrosion rate, which is mainly attributed to the continuous distribution of second phases restricting the expansion of corrosion, hence the T6-8 h alloy showed the highest corrosion resistance. The corrosion rate of T6-16 h alloy increases obviously because of the growth of the grain size and the segregation of second phases, which accelerates the corrosion progress.
Measurement of elastic properties of materials employing 3-D DIC in a Cornu’s experiment
Authors: Swain Digendranath , Thomas Binu P , Karthigai Selvan S , Philip Jeby
Published: December 2021

Measurement of elastic properties, especially the Poisson’s ratio, utilizing non-contact techniques in a tensile experiment is very challenging. This is primarily due to the poor spatial resolution and the large strain noise inherent to these techniques. The difficulty level increases many folds when Poisson’s ratio of less elongating, stiffer, and/or brittle materials, like ceramics and ablatives, is measured. This paper reports a newer approach that employs 3-D digital image correlation (3-D DIC) in a Cornu’s experiment to enable accurate measurement of elastic properties in a single test. The deflection field obtained from 3-D DIC in the form of anticlastic surfaces during Cornu’s experiment is utilized for determining Poisson’s ratio. In the same experiment, the elastic modulus is estimated using the center point deflection method. The proposed methods are validated with standard materials and extended to newly developed materials. Cornu’s method with 3-D DIC can provide the elastic properties with ease and has many advantages over other conventional techniques.
Wave-based optical coherence elastography: the 10-year perspective
Authors: Zvietcovich Fernando , Larin Kirill V
Published: December 2021

After ten years of progress and innovation, optical coherence elastography (OCE) based on the propagation of mechanical waves has become one of the major and the most studied OCE branches, producing a fundamental impact in the quantitative and nondestructive biomechanical characterization of tissues. Preceding previous progress made in ultrasound and magnetic resonance elastography; wave-based OCE has pushed to the limit the advance of three major pillars: (a) implementation of novel wave excitation methods in tissues, (b) understanding new types of mechanical waves in complex boundary conditions by proposing advance analytical and numerical models, and (c) the development of novel estimators capable of retrieving quantitative 2D/3D biomechanical information of tissues. This remarkable progress promoted a major advance in answering basic science questions and the improvement of medical disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring in several types of tissues leading, ultimately, to the first attempts of clinical trials and translational research aiming to have wave-based OCE working in clinical environments. This paper summarizes the fundamental up-to-date principles and categories of wave-based OCE, revises the timeline and the state-of-the-art techniques and applications lying in those categories, and concludes with a discussion on the current challenges and future directions, including clinical translation research.
Variational quantum reinforcement learning via evolutionary optimization
Authors: Chen Samuel Yen-Chi , Huang Chih-Min , Hsing Chia-Wei , Goan Hsi-Sheng , Kao Ying-Jer
Published: December 2021

Recent advances in classical reinforcement learning (RL) and quantum computation point to a promising direction for performing RL on a quantum computer. However, potential applications in quantum RL are limited by the number of qubits available in modern quantum devices. Here, we present two frameworks for deep quantum RL tasks using gradient-free evolutionary optimization. First, we apply the amplitude encoding scheme to the Cart-Pole problem, where we demonstrate the quantum advantage of parameter saving using amplitude encoding. Second, we propose a hybrid framework where the quantum RL agents are equipped with a hybrid tensor network-variational quantum circuit (TN-VQC) architecture to handle inputs of dimensions exceeding the number of qubits. This allows us to perform quantum RL in the MiniGrid environment with 147-dimensional inputs. The hybrid TN-VQC architecture provides a natural way to perform efficient compression of the input dimension, enabling further quantum RL applications on noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices.
On the Asymptotics to all Orders of the Riemann Zeta Function and of a Two-Parameter Generalization of the Riemann Zeta Function
Authors: Fokas Athanassios , Lenells Jonatan
Published: December 2021

We present several formulae for the large

t
t

asymptotics of the Riemann zeta function

ζ
(
s
)

\zeta (s)

,

s
=
σ
+
i
t

s=\sigma +i t

,

0
≤
σ
≤
1

0\leq \sigma \leq 1

,

t
>
0

t>0

, which are valid to all orders. A particular case of these results coincides with the classical results of Siegel. Using these formulae, we derive explicit representations for the sum

∑
a
b

n

−
s

\sum _a^b n^{-s}

for certain ranges of

a
a

and

b
b

. In addition, we present precise estimates relating this sum with the sum

∑
c
d

n

s
−
1

\sum _c^d n^{s-1}

for certain ranges of

a
,
b
,
c
,
d

a, b, c, d

. We also study a two-parameter generalization of the Riemann zeta function which we denote by

Φ
(
u
,
v
,
β
)

\Phi (u,v,\beta )

,

u
∈

C

u\in \mathbb {C}

,

v
∈

C

v\in \mathbb {C}

,

β
∈

R

\beta \in \mathbb {R}

. Generalizing the methodology used in the study of

ζ
(
s
)

\zeta (s)

, we derive asymptotic formulae for

Φ
(
u
,
v
,
β
)

\Phi (u,v, \beta )

.
Tits polygons
Authors: Mühlherr Bernhard , Weiss Richard , Petersson Holger
Published: December 2021

We introduce the notion of a Tits polygon, a generalization of the notion of a Moufang polygon, and show that Tits polygons arise in a natural way from certain configurations of parabolic subgroups in an arbitrary spherical buildings satisfying the Moufang condition. We establish numerous basic properties of Tits polygons and characterize a large class of Tits hexagons in terms of Jordan algebras. We apply this classification to give a “rank 

2
2

” presentation for the group of

F
F

-rational points of an arbitrary exceptional simple group of

F
F

-rank at least 

4
4

and to determine defining relations for the group of

F
F

-rational points of an an arbitrary group of

F
F

-rank 

1
1

and absolute type

D
4

D_4

,

E
6

E_6

,

E
7

E_7

or

E
8

E_8

associated to the unique vertex of the Dynkin diagram that is not orthogonal to the highest root. All of these results are over a field of arbitrary characteristic.
Disasters and the Theory of Emergency Management
Authors: McEntire David A.
Published: December 2021

Disasters and the theory of emergency management are vibrant subjects for scholars. Researchers have focused on a variety of topics, including the definition of disasters, human behavior in extreme events, the nature of emergency management, ways to make the profession more effective, the pros and cons of various paradigms, and new areas of research. In studying these subjects, scholars have employed a variety of methods, including observation, field research, and comparison, among others.

Findings from research reveals that humans are responsible for disasters and that vulnerability must be reduced. Studies reveal that antisocial behavior is less likely to occur than more common activities to support victims of disasters. The principles of emergency management have been elaborated, and scholars have argued that the phases of disasters are more complex that initially meets they eye. Research also reveals that bureaucratic approaches to emergency management are based on false assumptions and are too rigid. Scholarship also explores how to make emergency management functions more effective, and a number of articles have been written to explore paradigms to guide research and practice.

Theoretical work on disasters and emergency management has examined planning, improvisation, and spontaneous planning. Research has also explored humanitarian logistics, the use of social media, the scholarship of teaching and learning, cultural competency and the culture of preparedness. Going forward, more research is needed on the complexity of disasters and the use or impact of technology in emergency management. A greater understanding of public health emergencies is warranted due to the challenges of Covid-19.
The Maghrib and the Medieval Mediterranean
Authors: Fromherz Allen
Published: December 2021

According to traditional medieval histories—those that focus on the European West as a distinct civilization from North Africa and the Middle East—the advent of Islam in the 7th century was the final blow to the hope of a restored Rome, one that split the Mediterranean in two. In this version of the past, the Muslim conquests of the 7th century permanently divided Islamic North Africa and the Maghrib from the culture, society, and thinking of Christian Western Europe. In fact, the Maghrib was a major port of the culture, architecture, society, religious development, commerce, and politics of a common, medieval western Mediterranean zone. It is true that Christian and Muslim dynasties and states on both sides of the Mediterranean regularly saw themselves as enemies and rivals. The dogmatic and violent use of religion to justify enslavement, forced conversion, and conquest was common practice throughout this period. It is also true, however, that infidel Christian kings and unholy Muslim warriors formed alliances with one another, both across the sea and across faiths.1 The existence of a “convenient enemy” was often used as a means of gaining political or military advantage within Muslim or Christian lands. Popes and kings signed agreements with Muslim caliphs and Muslim sultans sought protection of Christian kings. In addition to high-level political alliances, ties between the Maghrib and Western Europe ran deep through the medieval economy. Commerce and business partnerships prospered and the 12th-century Commercial Renaissance lifted all boats. Christian, Muslim, and Jewish merchants took advantage of flows of trade and gold from Africa to the Mediterranean and into Europe. Dreams of conversion fostered unintended cultural interactions and exchanges, as was the case with the Franciscans and Christian mercenaries who journeyed deep into the Maghrib during this period. More than religion or politics, common artistic and architectural styles make perhaps the most compelling argument for a common, trans-Mediterranean culture.
Refugee Resettlement Policy and Macro Practice
Authors: Gonzalez Benson Odessa , Wachter Karin , Mathis Cherra
Published: December 2021

Resettlement-related macro practice reflects a complicated history of immigration and refugee resettlement in the United States, as well as international and domestic policies that shape opportunities and services available to refugees who resettle through these mechanisms. Four intersecting domains of resettlement macro practice are (a) community organizing and community development, (b) advocacy, (c) policy analysis and development, and (d) community-centered management and program planning. To engage meaningfully in macro social work requires a grasp of the history and policies that drive decision-making of individual practitioners and shape the experiences of people resettling to the United States in search of safety and new beginnings. Research and participatory approaches are integral to resettlement macro practice to ensure refugee communities are at the center of all efforts to inform structural and systemic change.
Indigenous and Tribal Communities
Authors: Sage Megan G.
Published: December 2021

Indigenous populations have experienced hundreds of years of historical trauma, systemic racism, and oppression since colonization began in the Americas, Australia, and New Zealand. Settler colonialism has created and continues to perpetuate historical and ongoing trauma and systemic racism in Indigenous populations. Despite considerable diversity and resilience among Indigenous populations globally, there is a clear pattern of significant disparities and disproportionate burden of disease compared to other non-Indigenous populations, including higher rates of poverty, mortality, substance use, mental health and health issues, suicide, and lower life expectancy at birth. Substantial gaps related to access to healthcare and service utilization exist, particularly in low-income Indigenous communities. Implementation and sustainment of White dominant-culture frameworks of care in Indigenous communities perpetuate these systems of oppression. Development and implementation of culturally informed services that address historical trauma and oppression, and systematically integrate concepts of resiliency, empowerment, and self-determination into care, are issues of policy as well as practice in social work. The co-creation and subsequent implementation, monitoring, and sustainment of effective systems of care with Indigenous populations are essential in addressing health disparities and improving outcomes among Indigenous populations globally.
Llopis Sarrió, Dolores Benita
Authors: Leyra Begoña , Barahona María José , Castillo Aurora , Martín-Estalayo Maribel
Published: December 2021

Benita Llopis (1929–2005) is a clear referent for social work in Spain; her reflections and contributions throughout her career of activism were oriented to the professionalization, recognition, and visibility of social work. Until she retired in 2001, she held different positions in institutions that have been essential in promoting the profession in Spain. These were the Spanish Federation of Social Assistants Associations (FEDAAS) and Revista de Treball Social (RTS) of the Official College of Graduates in Social Work and Social Assistants of Catalonia, in addition to her being part of the social work ethics team. These positions and her leadership in different social work congresses brought up essential issues for the strengthening of social work away from paternalism and welfare.
The walking male: activity, locomotor performance and influence of climate in movement of males of an endangered tarantula (Grammostola vachoni) over the reproductive season
Authors: Schwerdt Leonela , Copperi Sofía , Pompozzi Gabriel , Ferretti Nelson
Published: December 2021

In tarantulas, the reproductive season in their natural habitat is characterized by the presence of walking males. Grammostola vachoni is a tarantula from Argentina, and previous studies have reported that the breeding season occurs only in spring. However, walking males are also observed in other months. Thus, our objectives here were to study the dynamics of G. vachoni in the reproductive season, to compare male activity with climate data and to estimate whether temperature affects male locomotor performance. Two peaks of walking male activity were found (from the end of October to December, and in March). The number of walking females registered was low and was also bimodal. No significant differences between the sexes in activity with regard to temperature and atmospheric pressure were observed, but females were more likely to be observed under the highest humidity conditions. The months of the reproductive season were very similar in their climate characteristics. Male locomotor performance was strongly affected by extreme temperatures, and the optimum experimental temperature was higher than the environmental activity temperature. This study suggests a diplochronous cycle for G. vachoni, which might be a historical constraint or might indicate selection.
Optimal cost and feasible design for grid-connected microgrid on campus area using the robust-intelligence method
Authors: Almas Prakasa Mohamad , Subiyanto Subiyanto
Published: December 2021

In this paper, a robust optimization and sustainable investigation are undertaken to find a feasible design for a microgrid in a campus area at minimum cost. The campus microgrid needs to be optimized with further investigation, especially to reduce the cost while considering feasibility in ensuring the continuity of energy supply. A modified combination of genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization (MGAPSO) is applied to minimize the cost while considering the feasibility of a grid-connected photovoltaic/battery/diesel system. Then, a sustainable energy-management system is also defined to analyse the characteristics of the microgrid. The optimization results show that the MGAPSO method produces a better solution with better convergence and lower costs than conventional methods. The MGAPSO optimization reduces the system cost by up to 11.99% compared with the conventional methods. In the rest of the paper, the components that have been optimized are adjusted in a realistic scheme to discuss the energy profile and allocation characteristics. Further investigation has shown that MGAPSO can optimize the campus microgrid to be self-sustained by enhancing renewable-energy utilization.
A microgrid for the secluded Paana Theertham Kani settlement in India
Authors: Palanichamy C , Wen Tan Woan , Naveen P
Published: December 2021

Recognizing the importance of electricity as a driver of rapid economic growth and poverty alleviation, India aims to provide access to all households by 2030. Despite the best efforts of state and federal governments to meet consumers’ electrical needs, budget constraints, inefficient operations and massive loan burdens have hampered their efforts. Aside from these concerns, rural India, which accounts for 65% of the population, is plagued by a slew of issues, including low electricity demand, a low load factor and the expectation of cheap electricity. These concerns bind the authorities’ hands, preventing them from moving forward. As a result, this project aims to model an autonomous microgrid system that integrates three potential renewable-energy systems, namely wind, sun and hydrokinetic, to provide electricity for a remote society. It starts with assessing the region’s electricity needs with its inhabitants. The HOMER Pro platform creates a cost-effective microgrid based on the demand estimate. The components of the microgrid include 6.4-kW small wind turbine (SWT) groups, 4.4-kW solar photovoltaic (PV) panels, a 5-kW hydrokinetic water turbine, battery storage and a converter. The project is unique in that it considers site-specific initial capital costs, replacement costs, and operation and maintenance costs of the renewable-energy systems, and it does not include any environmentally hazardous energy system. The successful optimization results in terms of levelized energy costs are $0.0538, $0.0614 and $0.0427/kWh for wind, solar and hydrokinetic components, respectively, without any environmental issues.