bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Viral walk: using ROS to explain CoRSV systemicity in Chenopodium quinoa Willd. at high temperature
Authors: Holanda Guilherme , Silveira Antonia Thalyta Lopes , Cruz José Manoel Ferreira de Lima , Sousa Layla Victória da Silva , Figueira Antonia dos Reis , Pereira Wilson Vicente Souza , Santos Heloisa Oliveira dos , Carvalho Claudine Marcia
Published: February 2025

Dichorhavirus coffeae (CoRSV) can cause local or systemic symptoms in Chenopodium quinoa, depending on the temperature at which the plants are kept after mechanical inoculation. What causes this change in movement is still unknown. Increase in temperature and the presence of viruses can alter reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may be a means of explaining what enables systemic movement. The levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), antioxidants enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT)), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were investigated in C. quinoa plants inoculated with CoRSV and kept under two temperature conditions. Six treatments were used: control (T1 and T4), inoculation with phosphate buffer (T2 and T5) and inoculation with CoRSV (T3 and T6). After inoculation, plants from treatments T1, T2, and T3 were kept in a greenhouse at an average temperature of 25°C, and plants from treatments T4, T5, and T6 were kept in a growth chamber at an average temperature of 28°C. Leaf analyses were performed at 0, 3, and 5 days after inoculation (DAI). SOD levels remained high in all treatments. However, plants kept at 25°C showed higher levels of H2O2 and APX activity. Plants with viruses kept at 28°C showed reduced H2O2, APX, and CAT levels at 5 DAI, and high MDA levels. The high amount of MDA present in these plants may indicate that ROS escapes the antioxidant system and causes structural damage in C. quinoa, thus facilitating the systemic movement of CoRSV.
Prevalence and determinants of periodontitis among a population with knee osteoarthritis at the Douala General Hospital (Littoral, Cameroon)
Authors: TCHOUNCHUI Herna Stella CHIMY , LEKPA Fernando KEMTA , NJONNOU Sylvain Raoul SIMENI , MAPA-TASSOU Clarisse , NGAKO Christian DEUBE , TSATEDEM Faustin ATEMKENG , MBAH Félicité SOH MALEU , BELINGA Lawrence ESSAMA ENO , BEBEY Francine SAME , ATEUDJIEU Jérôme , CHOUKEM Simeon Pierre
Published: February 2025

Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a slowly evolving multifactorial disorder that affects joints, particularly the knee. Periodontitis is an infection of the tissues supporting the teeth, leading to significant tooth loss. Recent studies suggest an association between Knee OA (KOA) and periodontitis, with the prevalence of periodontitis increasing with the severity of KOA. We aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of periodontitis and the association between the severity of KOA and periodontitis in subjects living with KOA.
Patients and methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in an outpatient clinic at the Rheumatology unit of the Douala General Hospital between October 2022 and June 2023. Data were collected using a questionnaire, an endo-buccal examination grid, radiological images and medical records. A multivariate analysis using logistic regression was performed, including the relevant variables in the bivariate analysis.
Results
We included 253 participants (201 women) with a median age of 63 years [54–70]. The mean VAS was 52.7 ± 27.9 mm. The mean Lequesne index was 12.25 ± 5.03. Kellgren and Lawrence (K&L) grade 2 was predominant (61.7%), as was tricompartimental KOA (85.4%). The prevalence of periodontitis was 62.5%. Periodontitis was significantly associated with radiological K&L grade 4 (OR: 5.39 [1.27–28.98]; p = 0.03), poor oral hygiene (OR: 34 [7.46277.71]; p < 0.001), visits to the dentist [in case of problems] (OR: 8.54 [3.09–28.58]; p < 0.001) and brushing time (OR: 21.93 [5.66-123.24]; p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Periodontitis is common in patients with KOA in Cameroon and is associated with the severity of KOA and poor oral hygiene.
The complete chloroplast genome sequences and phylogenetics of Cornus sanguinea L. and Cornus sericea L. (Cornaceae)
Authors: Nikonorova Eugenia , Shevtsov Alexandr , Tursunbay Nailya , Khapilina Oxana , Baleev Dmitry
Published: February 2025

This study provides an in-depth analysis of the chloroplast genomes of two Cornus species, Cornus sanguinea L. and Cornus sericea L., which are significant both in ornamental horticulture and traditional medicine. These species were collected from the Botanical Garden of the VILAR, providing a unique geographic context for genetic examination. Our results indicated that the plastomes of both species have typical quadripartite structure of chloroplast DNA, with slight variations in the size of the Large Single Copy (LSC) and Small Single Copy (SSC) regions compared to other Cornus species. The complete chloroplast genome size of C. sericea and C. sanguinea was 158 244 and 158 663 bp, respectively. A total of 131 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes were found. The study highlighted the role of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in genomic differentiation, with a notable absence of tetra-, penta-, and hexa-nucleotide repeats in the studied genomes. This aspect of the genome could be vital for understanding species differentiation and evolution within the genus. Phylogenetic analyses placed C. sanguinea and C. sericea within a broader clade of Cornaceae and reflected their close relationship to other species in the Cornaceae family. Overall, our study provides new data about the structure and features of the C. sericea cp genome and adds the valuable information on cp genome C. sanguinea, that is necessary for further studies.
Close-to-nature transformation: enhancing the chemical stability of organic carbon in Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata forests
Authors: Shu Weiwei , Ming Angang , Yang Kun , Li Hua , Min Huilin , Tao Yi , Zeng Ji , Li Zhongguo , Wei Juling
Published: February 2025

The close-to-nature forest management affects the soil carbon cycle process by changing the vegetation composition of the stand. However, the effects of close-to-nature t forest management on the chemical stability of soil organic carbon (SOC) have been poorly understood. We analyzed chemical composition and stability of organic carbon taken from three group (soil, litter and fine roots) of Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolate close-to-nature forests (PCN and CCN) and their control pure forests (PCK and CCK). Compared with the control pure forests, the proportion of soil alkyl C, the alkyl C/O-alkyl C (A/O-A) ratio, and the evenness of distribution of the four main SOC chemical compositions were all higher in the close-to-nature transformation forests, especially in the PCN. The microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was significantly higher than that of control forests (CCK, PCK). However, the close-to-nature transformation did not significantly affect the soil bacterial richness and diversity. The Alkyl C and O-alkyl C in litter and fine roots were significantly correlated with the SOC chemical components, and there was also a positive correlation between the soil A/O-A ratio and the litter A/O-A ratio as well as the fine root A/O-A ratio. The RDA analysis showed that fine root alkyl C and fine root O-alkyl C were the two most critical factors affecting the chemical composition of SOC. Our findings highlight that the close-to-nature transformation exhibits a relatively high resistance to decomposition. Converting the pine and fir plantations into uneven-aged mixed forests through close-to-nature transformation is capable of enhancing the chemical stability of organic carbon in coniferous plantations.
A study of lithic refitting and the Middle Palaeolithic prepared core technology in South Bihar, India
Authors: Pandey Akash
Published: February 2025

This study presents a comprehensive technological analysis of the Middle Palaeolithic assemblage from the Kharagpur Hills, South Bihar, India, integrating refitting studies to investigate complete reduction sequence. The assemblage consists of Levallois, discoid, and other prepared cores, systematically collected from surface clusters using a grid-based method. The gradual exposure of encapsulated sediments due to erosional processes driven by post-depositional agents led to the uncovering of these lithic clusters. Notably, the absence of inter-cluster/locus refits and conjoins at three nearby clusters suggests that lithic materials remained largely confined within their respective clusters, implying minimal movement of unfinished blanks across the site. Locally available fine-grained quartzite was primarily exploited as raw materials, emphasizing the role of regional lithic resources in lithic production. The refitting analysis provides critical insights into the technological approaches employed in both Levallois and discoid reduction, marking a significant contribution to South Asian Middle Palaeolithic studies. The complete sequence of discoid core exploitation, from initial reduction to discard, and the multiple rounds of Levallois reduction including preparation and production stages, reconstructed through refitting, enhance our knowledge of hominin knapping strategies. Interestingly, even within Levallois reduction, striking platforms are predominantly plain, indicating a preference for direct flake removal without extensive platform modifications. Furthermore, the scarcity of tools across all clusters, except one, along with the absence of selective blanks, suggests that tool modification occurred at specific areas different from primary knapping spots, highlighting the spatial organization of lithic production and use.
Study on the Tectonic Stress Control Mechanism of Graphitization in Carbonate Rocks
Authors: Li JianBin , Ma YuMin , Cheng NanNan , Shi MengYan , Pan JieNan
Published: February 2025

Graphite is commonly found in seismic slip zones and ductile shear zones, and it has traditionally been thought to form through the graphitization of organic matter or through fluid-mediated reduction. Recent studies have identified shear action as playing a significant role in the transformation of carbonate rocks into graphite, yet the stress-related chemical origins of this process remain unclear. This research employed both constant and incremental speed friction experiments using limestone and marble, combined with X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis, to explore the potential for and the stress-chemical causes of graphitization in carbonate rocks within shear zones. The experimental results demonstrate significant structural transformations of carbonate rocks under shear stress. Limestone is more prone to graphitization during deeper plastic deformation phases, whereas marble tends to graphitize during shallower brittle deformation stages. Furthermore, the findings indicate that compared to a single tectonic event, complex multi-phase tectonic structures are more likely to enhance the degree of graphitization in carbonate rocks. This study enriches the theoretical understanding of graphite formation and occurrence, provides scientific insight into the weakening of the crust and the mechanisms of seismic slip, and reveals the micro-mechanisms of carbonate rock graphitization under tectonic stress. It highlights that metamorphic effects on mineral structure and chemical bonds are critical factors affecting graphitization at different deformation stages.
Study of the nutritional potential of a Solanaceae endemic to West Cameroon: Solanum melongena L. spineless variety
Authors: EPANDA Adriel Martin Collet , MOUNDJEU Evariste Désiré , GOUADO INOCENT
Published: February 2025

In Cameroon, Solanum melongena L. spineless variety is found in markets in two forms namely: one dried and the other boiled and dried; This urges us to seek the most nutritious form in order to further enhance its use. The objective of the study was to evaluate the nutritional contribution of the flours of dried, boiled and dried fruits of Solanum melongena L. spineless variety. We carried out nutrient assays according to physico-chemical analysis methods of the AOAC (1990). And we have seen that in 100 g of dried eggplant flour, the major macronutrients are fibers (37.6 ± 0.002 g) followed by lipids (23.26 ± 0.001 g), and proteins (16.46 ± 0.004 g). In 100g of boiled and dried eggplant flour, the major macronutrients are fibers (25.77 ± 0.008 g) followed by lipids (25.44 ± 0.001 g), and proteins (16.62 ± 0.003g). The major micronutrients are: K (1286 ± 0.007 mg) and Na (294.6 ± 0.006 mg) followed by Zn (36.88 ± 0.002 mg) and Fe (11.3 ± 0.004 mg) for 100 g of flour dried eggplants. And in 100 g of dried and boiled eggplant flour the major micronutrients are: K (1232 ± 0.001 mg) and Na (294 ± 0.001 mg) followed by Zn (19.9 ± 0.004 mg) and Fe (8.53 ± 0.002 mg). we can therefore say that, Solanum melongena L. spineless variety, is a fruit used for making several dishes with nutritional properties and therapeutically exploitable.
Outcomes and Associated Factors of Open Surgical Treatment in Patients with Chronic Venous Insufficiency Related to Primary Varicose Veins: Findings from Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Tanzania
Authors: Paul Christine Hyasint , Shedura Vulstan James , Nyawawa Evarist , Mwanga Ally , Byomuganyizi Moses
Published: February 2025

Chronic venous insufficiency affects 1–40% of the adult population worldwide, affecting lower limbs. Limited research exists on open surgical treatment outcomes in Tanzania. This study aimed to assess the surgical outcomes and factors associated with outcomes of open surgical treatment for Chronic venous insufficiency related to primary varicose veins at Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute in Dar es Salaam. A cross-sectional study conducted between 20/08/2023 and 07/02/2024 examined adults with Chronic venous insufficiency at Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute between 01/01/2023 and 30/12/2023. Participants were enrolled using simple random sampling, and sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. The study categorized surgical treatment outcomes as good or poor. Factors influencing outcomes were identified using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models, with a p-value of < 0.05 considered significant. Ninety-seven (n = 97) patients with chronic venous insufficiency related to primary varicose veins were enrolled at Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute. The majority were male (60.8%, 59/97), with a median age of 58 years (IQR: 47–64). Most participants had only primary school education (47.4%, 46/97), were self-employed (52.5%, 51/97), and married (89.7%, 87/97). The proportion of good surgical treatment outcomes was 69.1% (67/97). The median BMI was 27.7 Kg/m² (IQR: 24.2–31.9), with 34.0% (33/97) having a BMI of 25.0–29.9 Kg/m². Most participants (81.4%, 79/97) had no history of cigarette smoking. Good surgical outcomes were independently associated with the absence of active venous ulcers [aOR = 2.01: 95% CI: 1.10–4.70, p = 0.020] and reduced or subsided post-operative edema [aOR = 1.21: 95% CI: 0.20–3.21, p < 0.001]. The study found that patients with chronic venous insufficiency at Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute generally had good surgical treatment outcomes. Key factors, including absence of active venous ulcers and reduced post-operative edema suggest the need for a multidisciplinary approach and structured post-operative monitoring protocols to improve patient care and outcomes.
User-Centric Internal Tools in E-commerce: Enhancing Operational Efficiency Through AI Integration
Authors: Song Xue
Published: February 2025

The rise of e-commerce has necessitated the development of internal tools that cater to specific operational needs while ensuring user satisfaction. This study presents the concept of User-Centric Internal Tools, which are innovative solutions designed to enhance operational efficiency through the integration of artificial intelligence (AI). By harnessing AI technologies, our objective is to optimize various internal processes, leading to improved experiences for both employees and customers. Central to our approach is the emphasis on user requirements, fostering smoother workflows and tackling operational bottlenecks. An iterative design process involves engaging stakeholders to identify challenges and effectively customize AI solutions. The results manifest in marked boosts in productivity and informed decision-making, showcasing the benefits of aligning technology with user expectations in the e-commerce sector. Additionally, we share case studies that illustrate the successful introduction of user-centric AI tools, emphasizing their contribution to operational success and employee satisfaction. These insights highlight the critical role AI plays in developing internal tools that balance business goals with user-centric design, which is essential for enhancing the efficiency and growth of e-commerce operations.
Global and regional burden of four drug use disorders in the elderly, 1990 to 2021: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study
Authors: Jia Bochao , Wei Rui , Li Zhiqi , Feng Meiyu , Wang Mengxue , Wei Yi , Liu Zhenquan , Hu Yuanhui
Published: February 2025

Background
As the global population ages, the burden of drug use disorders (DUDs) among the elderly is rising. It is imperative to conduct a quantitative analysis of the disease burden affecting this vulnerable population.
Methods
Utilize the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 database to obtain incidence rates and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for opioids, cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabis among the elderly (aged 60–89) across 204 countries and 5 SDI regions from 1990 to 2021. Employ Joinpoint regression analysis to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) and age-standardized DALYs rates (ASDR). Use the Das Gupta method to decompose and analyze the impacts of changes in age structure, population growth, and epidemiology on DALYs during this period. Finally, apply the Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) model to predict ASIR and DALYs for global and high-burden regions from 2022 to 2035.
Results
Of the four DUDs, opioids have the highest disease burden. Joinpoint analysis indicates that from 1990 to 2021, the ASIR for opioid use disorder decreased with an AAPC of -0.73 (95% CI: -0.79 to 0.67), while the ASDR remained stable. Cocaine use disorder ASIR remained stable, but ASDR increased with an AAPC of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.77–1.11). The burden of amphetamine and cannabis use disorders generally stabilized. Geographic heterogeneity was evident at regional and national levels, with ASDR for all four DUDs increasing in high-SDI areas while remaining stable or declining in other SDI areas. High-income North America, represented by the United States, shows a higher burden of disease. Decomposition analysis shows that population growth is the main factor affecting the change in the burden of DUDs in most regions, and high-income North America is mainly affected by epidemiological changes. According to the Predictive models, the DALYs of DUDs in the global elderly population is still on the rise, especially in the male group in North America.
Conclusion
The burden of DUDs among the elderly varies across countries, regions, SDI levels, and genders, underscoring the need for targeted public health policy adjustments and strategic allocation of medical resources to mitigate this burden.
Data Quality Quantized Framework: Ensuring Large-Scale Data Integration in Gig Economy Platforms
Authors: Chen Junjie
Published: February 2025

Integrating large volumes of data in gig economy platforms poses significant difficulties, especially regarding data integrity. Since these platforms frequently compile data from multiple sources, problems concerning accuracy, completeness, and consistency are common. To address these issues, we suggest a Data Quality Quantized Framework explicitly tailored for this setting. Our system utilizes automated data profiling methods that constantly oversee data in real-time, allowing for the detection and rectification of irregularities. Moreover, we utilize machine learning methods to predict possible data quality issues by examining past data, allowing for proactive actions. Customizing quality metrics to align with the unique attributes of gig economy data guarantees successful integration across different sources. Thorough assessments performed on datasets from prominent gig platforms show significant improvements in data quality indicators after implementing our framework, highlighting its promising ability to enhance operational workflows and facilitate informed decision-making.
Effects of redshift, mass and environment on the concentration index
Authors: Ndimuwaki Mary , Kimani Naftali , Mutabazi Tom
Published: February 2025

The morphological classification of galaxies is crucial for understanding their formation and evolution over time. There are various galaxy parameters, such as structural features, light profiles, and the concentration index (Cr ) that serve as proxies for galaxy morphological types that can be used to classify galaxies effectively. These galaxy parameters have been proposed for classifying galaxies in the large galaxy samples, where visual classification becomes labor-intensive and impractical. This work report on the the effect of fundamental galaxy parameters; redshift, environment and mass on the use of concentration index tool for classifying galaxies. The archival data for this work was obtained from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey - AMIGA catalog SDSS-DR 16. The low density population constrained to a redshift range 0.005 ≤ z ≤ 0.080 and r-band magnitudes range 11 ≤ Mr ≤ 15.7, while the dense environment sample obtained from the Coma Cluster for sources within 3000 ≤ cz ≤ 10500 kms−1 at a redshift range of 0.01 ≤ z ≤ 0.035. To study the effect of redshift on the
concentration index, the low density galaxy sample (SIG) constrained by median stellar mass 10 ≤ log M⊙ ≤ 12 (3148 galaxies) was used. A fit to the derived Cr showed that concentration index increases with redshift. Similarly, to investigated the effect of stellar mass on the Cr of galaxies, SIG population at a redshift range of 0.02 ≤ z ≤ 0.04 was considered and from the Cr - stellar mass fit, the Cr is seen to be proportional to stellar mass. To investigate the effect
of galactic environment, the galaxies in both low-density and high-density population were constrained to a mass range of 10 ≤ ≤ log M⊙ ≤ 12 and a redshift range of 0.02 ≤ z ≤ 0.04. A fit to the derived Cr values against the galaxy environments showed that Cr values increases from less-dense to high-dense environments. These trends indicate the importance investigating the effect of galaxy physical parameters on the concentration index of the galaxies.
Investigating gravitational acceleration via a pendulum experiment: A student-centered approach to measurement uncertainty
Authors: Manop Dhonluck , Tanghengjareon Chaileok , Ayuthaya Worasit P. Na , Raksawong Santi , Khaenamkaew Panya
Published: February 2025

To improve the understanding of uncertainty analysis and method comparison by first-year physics students, gravitational acceleration was investigated via a simple pendulum experiment using a hands-on, student-centered approach. By measuring the periods of pendulums of different lengths, the students calculated gravitational acceleration with an error of 1.29–4.27%, factoring in measurement uncertainties from equipment limitations and human reaction time. The study emphasized the importance of increasing measurement repetitions to reduce reaction-time errors and improve accuracy. Manual stopwatch measurements resulted in a gravitational acceleration of 9.65 m/s² (error: 1.39%; s.d.: 0.01 m/s²), while an electronic photogate recorded 9.50 m/s² (error: 2.90%; s.d.: 0.001 m/s²). Despite the photogate’s higher error percentage, its lower s.d. highlights its ability to minimize systematic errors and provide more-consistent measurements across trials. While the stopwatch yielded higher variability due to human reaction time, the photogate demonstrated superior precision in reducing measurement inconsistencies. Although the students had not yet mastered complex uncertainty models, the experiment developed foundational skills essential for future experimental physics. These findings underscore the value of precise measurement techniques and technology in fostering scientific understanding.
PREDICTION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY DEMAND USING THE MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION METHOD: CASE STUDY OF THE CITY OF NDJAMENA
Authors:   Doctoral Training in Physics and Engineering Sciences.University of NDjamena. Chad., Tongrong Bah-Hawadi , Nediguina Mahamatkher ,   Doctoral Training in Physics and Engineering Sciences.University of NDjamena. Chad., Tchakblo Avarsia ,   Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences of NDjamena, Chad., Mahamat Tahir Abakar ,   Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences of NDjamena, Chad.
Published: February 2025

The need of electrical energy has been increasing lately in developing countries. However, several methods for predicting the electric charge exist: such as statistics, artificial intelligence and hybrid approaches. This work focuses on the modeling of electrical energy demand by the multiple linear regression method in the case of the National Electricity Society (NES) of the city of NDjamena. The estimates obtained are based on statistical analyses carried out on 5 exogenous variables. The results of the analyses gave very good meanings through the values of the standard errors associated with the regression coefficients. The two configurations developed all have average absolute MAPE errors of less than 2%. In the first configuration, we obtained an adjusted RÂ² coefficient of determination of 0.975, a standard error of 30.395 GWh and an RMSE of 10.1 GWh. While the second configuration gave an RÂ² (adjusted) equal to 0.974, with a standard error of 31.092 GWh and an RMSE of 10.28 GWh. The latter is made up of (3) parameters validated by the statistical indicators of the step-by-step downward regression. All of our results have shown that with this method, we can estimate an adequacy of 951 GWh to meet electricity need by 2035. The purpose of this study is to recommend a simple and efficient model for the prediction of the electric charge.
Canonical correlations of maize yield components with biological and chemical soil indicators in a subtropical climate
Authors: da Rosa Guilherme Bergeijer , Follmann Diego Nicolau , Bolzan Felipe Tascheto , Eggers Henrique , Lúcio Alessandro Dal Col , Jacques Rodrigo Josemar Seminoti , Portela Valéria Ortaça , Marchioro Volmir Sergio , Klein Luís Antônio , Maldaner Ivan Carlos
Published: February 2025

Understanding the interaction between chemical and biological soil variables and their impact on the agronomic performance of agricultural crops is critical for enhancing management practices and promoting sustainability in agriculture. Thus, this study aimed to identify canonical correlations between chemical and biological soil variables and the yield components of maize under a subtropical climate in Brazil. Six experiments were conducted, with planting carried out in two different seasons across three locations. Four experiments occurred in rainfed areas, while two utilized pivot irrigation during the 2020/2021 growing season. Three hybrids were sown with three replications in each experiment. All 54 experimental units were evaluated for chemical and biological soil variables, as well as maize yield components. A canonical correlation analysis was conducted between the groups of variables, along with a test for comparing means for the yield components. The planting in two different seasons was exclusively employed to increase the variability of the interaction among the evaluated variables and was not considered in the analyses and interpretations. The results underscore the profound influence of soil and climatic conditions on the interaction between variables, as observed through the canonical correlation. In the irrigated location, a significant correlation between chemical and biological soil variables was observed, accompanied by the highest means in yield components. This emphasizes the need for balanced fertilization to stimulate soil biological activity and enhance grain production. Conversely, in non-irrigated locations, a significant correlation between biological soil variables and yield components was found. Strategies aimed at mitigating the effects of water deficit, such as the addition of plant materials and crop rotation, emerge as viable alternatives. These practices promote the activity of soil microbiota, expanding benefits such as nutrient cycling, with consequential impacts on grain productivity.
Blokkosodás irányában: Migrációs és népesedési diskurzusok a nyolcvanas években (2. rész)
Authors: Melegh Attila
Published: February 2025

Az 1980-as évektől kezdődően nőtt a vándorlás intenzitása, és ez kihívás elé állította a népesedésről való gondolkodást, mivel a népesedési diskurzusok és elméletek korábban főképp a termékenységre összpontosítottak, és ambivalens módon kezelték a migrációt. A népesedési és migrációs diskurzusok újszerű összekapcsolása révén azt látjuk, hogy valamennyi kulcsfontosságú diskurzus (malthusi, demográfiai átmenet, szocialista modernizáció, konzervatív, etnikai-narodnik, revitalizációs és fejlesztési) szükségszerűségnek tekintette a migrációt, ugyanakkor amellett is érvelt, hogy a vándorlást fékezni és szelektálni kell. Az 1980-as évektől induló időszakban a migráció kérdése átrendezte a mentális térképet, és egy, a piaci nyitást szorgalmazó, illetve egy migránsellenes, szuverenista blokk irányába tolta az egyes népesedési diskurzusokat.
INCLUSÃO ESCOLAR DO ESTUDANTE COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA
Authors: Araújo Dantas Souto Priscila Dayane , Lopes Costa Freire Katia Regina
Published: February 2025

A inclusão escolar de estudantes com autismo tem desafiado a área da educação a repensar práticas pedagógicas excludentes e concepções patologizantes sobre as diferenças. Objetivando contribuir com as reflexões sobre a temática, desenvolvemos um estudo de caso, alicerçado nos conceitos da Psicologia Cognitiva de Feuerstein, que se propôs analisar o processo de inclusão escolar de um aluno dos Anos Iniciais, de uma escola pública do interior do estado da Paraíba e avaliar as potencialidades do seu perfil cognitivo. Para isso, foi utilizado um instrumental elaborado a partir das teorias de Feuerstein (2014) e Fonseca (2014). O estudo apontou para a urgência da expansão da oferta de formação continuada na área da Educação Especial na perspectiva da Inclusão, para professores, gestores e cuidadores; para a garantia da presença de um professor mediador (educador especial) e de um novo olhar sobre a aprendizagem desses sujeitos, com a devida ênfase no seu potencial para a aprendizagem, sugerindo-se as contribuições da Psicologia Cognitiva.
Отношение к своему внешнему облику и конструирование воспринимаемого возраста мужчин и женщин: почему женщины выглядят моложе?
Authors: Воронцова Татьяна А. , Артамонова Алёна Г.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. This study was conducted to identify the influence of gender- and age-related socio-psychological factors on the construction of perceived age in the process of social cognition. The study aims to investigate the characteristics of attitudes toward own appearance and perceived age in 35-75-year-old men and women. Methods. We used the Photo-video Presentation of Appearance procedure developed by T. A. Vorontsova and five diagnostic tools developed by V. A. Labunskaya to diagnose attitudes toward appearance. The main sample comprised 523 subjects (207 males and 316 females) aged 35 to 75 years. The reliability of the research results was achieved by descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation analysis, Student’s t-test, Levene’s test for equal variances, and Mann-Whitney U test. Results. The results of the study showed that (1) mature women (aged 35 to 59) look significantly younger than men of the same age; in old age (60-75 years), the discrepancy between perceived age and chronological age (“years saved”) is similar for men and women (both look on average 3.5 to 4 years younger); (2) significant gender-related differences were found in cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components of attitudes toward appearance among men and women; in old age, differences were observed in only two parameters of attitudes – the desire to improve appearance and ideas about male friends’ assessments of appearance (significantly higher in women); (3) correlations were found between the parameters of men’s and women’s attitudes toward their own appearance and their perceived age, mediated by the life stage. Discussion. The findings were discussed in the context of the social psychology of appearance, the “multifactorial model of attitudes toward appearance”, gender stereotypes, expectations, and the “double standard of aging” between men and women.
Адаптация шкалы фокуса внимания на себе и шкалы самосознания в русскоязычных версиях
Authors: Бочаров Андрей В. , Лебедкин Дмитрий А. , Савостьянов Александр Н. , Князев Геннадий Г.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. The self-focused attention is considered as a personality trait that predisposes to the emergence of depressive and anxious thoughts. The purpose of this study was to validate the Russian-language versions of the Self-Consciousness Scale and the Self-Focused Attention Scale questionnaires, which allow assessing the degree of self-focus. For the first time, the reliability and validity of the Russian versions of the questionnaires were investigated. Methods. The study involved 149 participants (99 women, 50 men), mean age – 22.6, SD = 6.9. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used. Results. The use of factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure of the Self-Consciousness Scale (private self-consciousness subscale and a public self-consciousness and social anxiety subscale) and a single-factor structure of the Self-Focused Attention Scale. Analysis of the coefficients of internal consistency revealed a high homogeneity of the scales. The questionnaire scales correlated positively with symptoms of anxiety and depression and negatively with emotional stability. The self-focused attention scale, the subscale of public self-consciousness and social anxiety and the scale of trait anxiety positively correlated with each other. Compared to men, women had significantly higher scores on the self-focused attention scale and the public self-consciousness and social anxiety subscale. Discussion. The Russian versions of the questionnaires showed a good factor structure and high internal consistency of the scales. The revealed gender differences by the scales correspond to those described in the literature. Correlations with scales of depression, anxiety, and emotional stability are consistent with theoretical predictions. The obtained results allow us to believe that the Russian-language versions of the Self-Focused Attention Scale and the Self-Consciousness Scale are reliable and valid instruments.
Проявления речевого дефекта в процессе восприятия речи и внутреннего проговаривания
Authors: Шевалдова Ольга В. , Вартанов Александр В.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Existing research in the field of speech disorders does not provide a systematic understanding of the relationship between brain bioelectric activity and the nature of speech disorders, characteristics of speech perception and inner speech. This study aims to compare brain activity during the perception and inner speaking of words between a group of non-language impaired subjects and a group of subjects with functional dyslalia. For the first time, an analysis and comparison of evoked potentials (EPs) of the brain in the process of speech perception and inner speaking in individuals with and without rhotacism were carried out.   Methods. A total of 36 subjects participated in the EEG study, including 18 subjects suffering from the rhotacism speech impediment. The subjects were presented with auditory stimuli (words) spoken by a speaker with rhotacism and a speaker without sound pronunciation peculiarities. Subsequently, the study participants were asked to mentally repeat the word, maintaining the tone and pronunciation characteristics as in overt speech. Results. During the EEG study, the most significant differences in the EP structure were found in lead C3. Discussion. The differences in EP in the process of speech perception and inner speaking in subjects with and without rhotacism were analyzed. It was shown that for the task on speech perception and inner speaking of speech stimuli, there is a tendency to distinguish between defective and normative pronunciation of words by a group of individuals without speech disorders. No significant differences in EP were observed in subjects with rhotacism under the same conditions. It can be assumed that individuals with rhotacism do not perceive the difference between these pronunciation options.
Взаимодействие семантических контекстов при решении задач: эффекты конгруэнтности и диссоциации
Authors: Крюкова Алёна П. , Золотухина Анна А. , Агафонов Андрей Ю. , Шилов Юрий Е.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Many cognitive phenomena can be justifiably interpreted as manifestations of contextual mediation: word superiority effects, priming effects, attitudinal effects, contextual memory effects, and so on. A separate area of research is the study of contextual interactions. In the present work, the aim was to identify congruence and dissociation effects in the interaction of short-term and ultra-short-term semantic contexts. Methods. The sample (121 subjects) was divided into four experimental and one control group. The procedure included five blocks of tasks. Participants were required to solve 15 anagrams (three tasks in each block). The short-term context was given by a sequence of words, which were the solutions to the anagrams. After the third anagram in each block, a prime - a word that either semantically matched the short-term context (congruence condition) or did not match it (dissociation condition) - was presented for 40 msec. After the mask, a target task was demonstrated - "complementing the base of the word to the whole". Conditions differed between groups according to congruence/dissociation of contexts and relevance/irrelevance to the solution. Results. Relevance and congruence conditions significantly reduced target task completion time. The effect was also evident in the reduced time of contextually related responses compared to the solution alternatives. In context dissociation conditions, there was a reduction in the strength of the effect of contextual interaction. Discussion. Contextual interactions have two main types: co-operation, and rivalry. Based on temporal stability, we can differentiate ultra-short-term, short-term, and long-term contexts. Their co-operation or competition defines the longitudinal type of interaction. The transversal type should include the interaction of simultaneously given contexts. The study took into account the types of interaction of the longitudinal type, as well as semantic "relevance/irrelevance" to the task solution. The main result of the experiment can be considered the establishment of the effect of contextual additivity. The prospect of research may be the study of contextual interaction of different kinds and types.
Модель самопредъявления в межличностных отношениях
Authors: Ахмадеева Елена В. , Дмитриева Людмила Г.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Today’s changing society requires individuals who respond quickly to external challenges and develop their professional and personal skills successfully. Effective development requires personal potential and the ability to make impressions to achieve expected results. This is possible through the correct use of self-presentation strategies. This study developed for the first time a model of self-presentation.  Methods. The study included 385 participants, 303 of whom were adults aged 18–22 years and 82 of whom were adults aged 25–36 years. A questionnaire was developed to identify the biographical characteristics of the participants and their views on self-presentation, which revealed implicit ideas about this phenomenon. The study used the following assessment tools: the Level of Reflexivity Assessment Inventory (A. V. Karpov), the Self-Regulation Style of Behavior Questionnaire, SSB-98 (V. I. Morosanova), the Affiliation Motives Assessment Inventory (A. Mekhrabian), the Individual Orientation in Communication Assessment Inventory (S. L. Bratchenko), the Self-Confidence Test (V. G. Romek), the Volitional Qualities Questionnaire M. V. Chumakov), and the Strategies of Self-Presentation Questionnaire (I. P. Shkuratova). Theoretical analysis was performed and the results were summarized on the basis of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results. The relationship between behavioral strategies and individual psychological characteristics was established. A model of self-presentation was developed. The goal of the model is to identify the algorithm for actions of the subject in different stages of self-presentation in order to create a certain impression about himself/herself. The empirical model reflects the self-presentation process, which consists of preparatory-organizational, procedural-operational, procedural-effective, and evaluative-effective (reflective) stages. Each stage presents a combination of components, factors, individual characteristics, self-regulation styles, communication orientations, and behavioral strategies. Discussion. Based on the empirical model that identifies the characteristics required for the self-presentation process and effective methods for self-presentation to create the self-image necessary for recipients, a new approach to the scientific problem of self-presentation is proposed.
Стратегические направления совершенствования процесса абилитации лиц с инвалидностью
Authors: Лисовская Татьяна В. , Скуратовская Марина Л. , Богуславская Виктория Ф.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Issues of habilitation of individuals with severe and multiple developmental disabilities are relevant in the educational systems of different countries. There is a contradiction between the need for habilitation of individuals with disabilities and the lack of necessary conditions for its implementation. The importance of continuing education for individuals with severe and multiple developmental disabilities is to train life skills, to develop social skills, and to develop ‘viable’ personality. With regard to individuals with severe and multiple developmental disabilities, the concept of ‘viable personality’ refers to an individual who is able to carry out household and work activities at a corresponding level, interact with others, follow the rules of safe behavior and therefore feels comfortable and secure in society. Theoretical justification. The issue of disability habilitation has been studied using theoretical methods, including analysis of psychological and educational research in this area, educational regulations for individuals with severe and multiple disabilities, and the current practice of habilitation for individuals with severe and multiple developmental disabilities over the age of 18 years. Discussion. A list of strategic directions to improve the habilitation process with a brief description of each direction is proposed, including (a) adoption of the Concept of Continuing Education for individuals with severe and multiple developmental disabilities; (b) creation of a program of interdepartmental interaction aimed at maintaining organizational and substantive continuity in habilitation of individuals with severe and multiple developmental disabilities; (c) interdisciplinary scientific research on systematization and development of diagnostic tools to identify the potential capabilities of individuals with severe and multiple developmental disabilities; (d) development of multi-module variable educational plans and training programs as the basis for the implementation of multi-level educational content; (e) inclusion of deontological issues in the educational program for teacher retraining and advanced training; (f) vocational training and providing safe workplaces in the labor market.
Глазодвигательная активность при восприятии лиц людей, животных и предметов: роль эмоциональной окраски стимулов
Authors: Скуратова Ксения А. , Наумова Диана А.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Faces are an important aspect of social interaction, containing a wealth of information that facilitates communication. Eye movement studies are relevant for uncovering cognitive mechanisms in various mental disorders. Purpose of the study – analysis of the parameters of oculomotor activity when perceiving social stimuli containing images of people’s faces, and comparing them with the parameters of oculomotor activity when perceiving stimuli containing images of animals or inanimate objects. Methods. The study was carried out using the eye tracking method using the Neurobureau software and hardware complex. Total number of respondents – 60 people (age – 15–45 years). Results. Social scenes containing images of people's faces require more cognitive resources to perceive than images of animals or inanimate objects. This is typical for neutral and positive stimuli, as well as threatening stimuli. However, dysphoric stimuli containing human faces are more often avoided by subjects in a choice situation than dysphoric images of animals or objects. Attention in social scenes is distributed unevenly and focuses on faces. Discussion. Respondents in the 18–30 age group tend to have more experience in analyzing emotions, which may explain more fixations on social stimuli. Avoidance of dysphoric stimuli may be associated with protective mechanisms of the psyche. The results can be interpreted in two ways: 1) social stimuli are evolutionarily more significant for people, so they are analyzed more carefully and for a long time, and 2) the emotional coloring of social situations is not so clear and requires analysis of the characters’ facial expressions.
Зрительно-пространственный поиск в задачах с вербальными и невербальными стимулами у пациентов с синдромом неглекта
Authors: Варако Наталия А. , Пропустина Виктория А. , Степанов Георгий К. , Юрина Дарья Д. , Ковязина Мария С. , Баулина Мария Е. , Скворцов Анатолий А. , Васильева Светлана А. , Даминов Вадим Д.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. The article deals with the possibilities of using new methodological tools for diagnosing left-sided spatial neglect (nonglect) occurring in the clinic of local brain lesions. The novelty of the study lies in testing the hypothesis that the success of diagnostic tests performed by patients with left-sided spatial neglect depends not so much on the nature of the stimuli used (speech or non-speech) as on the place occupied by the process of visual search in the structure of activity according to A. N. Leontiev, namely, whether visual search is an independent action or an operation as part of another action. Methods. To test this hypothesis, we developed an author's method aimed at diagnosing nonglect, which was used along with classical methods of neuropsychological diagnostics developed by A. R. Luria and his followers. Results. It is indicated that the author's method is a valid method for diagnosing left-sided spatial neglect. The nature of the stimuli used in it does not play a significant role in the productivity of its performance by patients with non-glect. At the same time, the place of visual search in the structure of activity when performing the author's diagnostic method significantly affects the success of its performance. Discussion of the results. The place of visual search in the structure of activity appears to be a significant factor in the performance of diagnostic tests aimed at detecting this type of disorders of higher mental functions arising in connection with brain damage in patients with left-sided spatial neglect.