bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of correlations between prioritized outcomes on the net benefit and its estimate by generalized pairwise comparisons
Authors: Fuyama Kanako , Ogawa Mitsunori , Mizusawa Junki , Kanemitsu Yukihide , Fujita Shin , Kawahara Takuya , Sakamaki Kentaro , Oba Koji
Published: February 2023

Benefit‐risk balance is gaining interest in clinical trials. For the comprehensive assessment of benefits and risks, generalized pairwise comparisons are increasingly used to estimate the net benefit based on multiple prioritized outcomes. Although previous research has demonstrated that the correlations between the outcomes impact the net benefit and its estimate, the direction and magnitude of this impact remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact of correlations between two binary or Gaussian variables on the true net benefit values via theoretical and numerical analyses. We also explored the impact of correlations between survival and categorical variables on the net benefit estimates based on four existing methods (Gehan, Péron, Gehan with correction, and Péron with correction) in the presence of right censoring via simulation and application to actual oncology clinical trial data. Our theoretical and numerical analyses revealed that the true net benefit values were impacted by the correlations in various directions depending on the outcome distributions. With binary endpoints, this direction was governed by a simple rule with a threshold of 50% for a favorable outcome. Our simulation showed that the net benefit estimates based on Gehan's or Péron's scoring rule could be substantially biased in the presence of right censoring, and that the direction and magnitude of this bias were associated with the outcome correlations. The recently proposed correction method greatly reduced this bias, even in the presence of strong outcome correlations. The impact of correlations should be carefully considered when interpreting the net benefit and its estimate.
Managerialization, professionalization and firm performance in family business: A Systems Thinking perspective
Authors: Songini Lucrezia , Armenia Stefano , Morelli Chiara , Pompei Alessandro
Published: February 2023

This paper proposes a systemic model on the intertwined relations among managerialization, professionalization and firm economic performance, considering both business‐ and family‐specific features and issues. It sheds light on the role that, in the family business, the firm economic performance may play in favouring a positive development of both the business and the family itself. It aims at understanding how, in family businesses, the firm managerialization and professionalization may represent relevant drivers of firm performance. A Systems Thinking model based on causal loop diagrams was developed, to provide a clear framing of the interrelationships among the various aspects at stake. The conceptual model combines with systemic perspective all the variables and relationships that come into play when considering jointly the growth and development of the company and the family. This paper provides not only a conceptual background but also practical insights for family business' owners, managers and consultants.
Rheological characterization of linear low‐density polyethylene–Fischer–Tropsch wax blends
Authors: Mhlabeni Thobile , Ngobese Cebo , Ramjee Shatish , Focke Walter
Published: February 2023

The thermal and rheological behavior of blends of a Fischer–Tropsch (F‐T) wax with linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and cone‐and‐plate rheometry. F‐T wax is used as a possible low‐cost processing aid alternative for LLDPE masterbatch applications. The melting‐ and crystallization thermograms indicated a two‐phase solid‐state morphology and full compatibility in the fully molten material. Both the high‐melting and low‐melting phase contained co‐crystalized wax and polymer. Rheological data of F‐T wax‐LLDPE blends over the full composition range was also obtained. The zero‐shear viscosity data was adequately predicted by the Friedman and Porter mixing rule: with α = 3.4. This implies that the melt viscosity is dominated by the effects of polymer chain entanglement and that the main consequence of adding the wax is to reduce the concentration of the polymer present. The complex viscosity also fitted this model albeit with α = 4.81. All Han plots, that is, plots of the logarithm of the storage modulus (G') against the logarithm of the loss modulus (G"), were linear. Within the experimental uncertainty, they were essentially unaffected by variations in blend composition, temperature and the applied angular frequency. Additionally, Cole–Cole plots were also in agreement that wax‐LLDPE blends are miscible at melt state. This supports full miscibility of the F‐T wax‐LLDPE blend system down to temperatures as low as 120°C.
TRIPS: Co-design as a Method for Accessible Design in Transport
Authors: Vasconcelos Elvia , Andersen Kristina , Alčiauskaitė Laura , König Alexandra , Hatzakis Tally , Launo Carolina
Published: February 2023

Co-design is an established method for ensuring a more democratic approach to design and change propositions. It is however not without friction. In this chapter we describe parts of a process aimed at co-designing inclusive transport systems. In response to the friction of putting such theory into practice, we propose a set of coping mechanisms based on participant feedback. We suggest that such mechanisms have the potential to improve the co-design process beyond this particular case.
Subjectification, Technology, and Rationality – Sustainable Transformation of the Mobility Sector from a Governmentality Perspective
Authors: Hansel Julia , Graf Antonia
Published: February 2023

Shared mobility services play an essential role in a sustainable mobility transition and unfold among so-called smart technologies. Although this can positively affect mobility, it also poses challenges for the development of sustainable urban mobility, for example, because the smart options are not equally available to all people or are inaccessible. Issues of social or ecological inequality as well as the digital exclusion of people in the mobility sector are increasingly becoming the focus of attention. Largely unexplored in this context is how the subjects of shared mobility services will be conceived, and what knowledge, skills, and resources they should bring to use smart and shared mobility services in the future. We contribute to closing this research gap by investigating the rationalities that sustainable smart and shared mobility transformation follow, which developments are triggered by the technologies, and in which ways identification offers address subjects. Foucault’s concept of governmentality is used as a theoretical perspective and nuanced with critical (feminist) literature on identity formation. Methodologically, this article works with qualitative content analysis of policy documents and an ethnographically oriented observation of registration conditions in various car-, bike-, electronic moped, and scooter-sharing services. The results show that subjects are addressed in a rather general way, and their (special) needs are hardly considered. Instead, they are addressed as flexible citizen-consumers and correspond with the rationality of (green) economic growth and the liberal paradigm. Accordingly, the technologies aim for innovation, fair competition, and the provision of public space by the state.
Creating a More Inclusive and Accessible Digital Transport System: Developing the INDIMO Inclusive Service Evaluation Tool
Authors: Delaere Hannes , Basu Samyajit , Keseru Imre
Published: February 2023

The introduction of smart technologies in mobility has created a vast landscape of possibilities and options, but at the same time they have also created uneven impacts across society. It is, therefore, the goal of this paper to introduce the online Service and Policy Evaluation Tool (SPET) for evaluating the accessibility and inclusivity of digital mobility and delivery services. The tool shall enable policy makers to design strategies necessary for all citizens to fully benefit from the digital mobility system (e.g. social and educational strategies, new regulations, etc.) and identify strategies to avoid digital exclusion in terms of social and spatial aspects. Structurally, the tool is built on the capabilities approach, in combination with the principles of universal design, and co-creation was used for the development of the tool contents. The recommendations from the SPET will assist policy makers, developers, operators and other parties to provide promised benefits of digital services to all sections of the society, especially to people vulnerable to exclusion.
Integrating Inclusive Digital Mobility Solutions into German Transport Systems
Authors: Pinto Alexandra , Leitão Joana , Wilsch Benjamin
Published: February 2023

Digital technologies constitute an essential building block for the modernisation of transport systems and their sustainability. Since improvements in usability and accessibility are intrinsic to most digital solutions, their integration in mobility systems may further contribute to an increased inclusiveness. Nonetheless, digital solutions could potentially exclude vulnerable groups by not catering to their specific needs. Inclusiveness can, however, be maximised when individual technologies are established with such goals in mind and are accompanied by the necessary development of the required (hardware) infrastructure.

The widespread introduction of digital applications was triggered by a major German funding programme aiming at enhancing digitalisation in German municipal transport systems to improve air quality. Given the versatility and high adaptability of digital solutions, the substantial progress toward that objective unlocked a high potential for a more inclusive mobility system, so that further improvements in this direction have become low-hanging fruit that can be easily reaped with further projects and funding directed immediately at this objective. The potential of digital solutions to contribute to various societal and thus political objectives, particularly inclusiveness, is identified in this chapter through an analysis of projects that serve as a collection of successful real-world examples.
Leaving No One Behind: Involving Users in Creating Inclusive Digital Mobility
Authors: Bulanowski Kathryn , Lima Sandra , Marlier Evelien
Published: February 2023

With a shift towards the digitisation of mobility services, user involvement is vital for success. Especially critical is the inclusion of groups vulnerable to exclusion, so they can equally benefit from such services. In this respect, the Inclusive Digital Mobility Solutions (INDIMO) project established a multidisciplinary perspective on digital mobility services by considering the needs and concerns of vulnerable-to exclusion groups such as those who lack digital skills, belong to an ethnic minority or have reduced mobility.

Using data collection methods such as interviews and surveys targeted at vulnerable persons in five pilot locations, we collected information about user needs, intentions and preferences when using a digital mobility service. In this paper, we provide insights into the user recruitment process for this study and share tips for working with groups vulnerable to exclusion. Not to be forgotten are the lessons learnt from conducting this research during the COVID-19 pandemic.
INDIMO Communities of Practice in Monghidoro, Antwerp, Galilée, Madrid, and Berlin: A Common Space for Co-designing Inclusive Digital Mobility Solutions
Authors: Di Ciommo Floridea , Tu Eleonora , Devis Juanita , Specktor Michelle , Shiftan Yoram , Jaenike Miguel , Rondinella Gianni , Acosta Esau , Lamoza Thais , Schuss Martina , Nys Arne
Published: February 2023

This paper demonstrates the co-creation process of digital mobility and delivery services applied in the Inclusive Digital Mobility Solutions (INDIMO) project mainly based on the local Communities of Practice (CoP) drawing on the knowledge and experience of their members to propose solutions adapted to their needs and interests. In the context of the INDIMO project, CoPs were established at five pilot locations and included users, mobility service providers, (digital) developers, user interface designers, and policymakers associated with each pilot. This chapter aims to report on the experience of the INDIMO project in employing the CoP as a tool to integrate the development of digital mobility and delivery services and the contribution and cooperation of different actors such as operators, developers, policymakers, and organizations representing the end-users. The creation of common spaces such as the INDIMO communities of practice was fundamental to enhance cooperation among different actors, co-design inclusive digital mobility solutions, and empower the participants in using the above-mentioned services. This chapter shows the development of the CoP process, the activities and challenges, and its role in making digital mobility services inclusive and universally usable.
Chronic in situ tissue cooling does not reduce lignification at the Swiss treeline but enhances the risk of ‘blue’ frost rings
Authors: Körner Christian , Lenz Armando , Hoch Günter
Published: February 2023

In their 2013 paper, Lenz et al. illustrated how trees growing at the low-temperature limit respond to a chronic in situ warming or cooling by 3 K, by employing Peltier-thermostated branch collars that tracked ambient temperatures. The micro-coring-based analysis of seasonal tree ring formation included double-staining microtome cross sections for lignification, but these data had not been included in the publication. In this short communication, we complement these data, collected in 2009 at the Swiss treeline, and we show that a 3 K cooling that corresponds to a 500–600 m higher elevation, had no influence on lignification. However, when a frost event occurred during the early part of ring formation, the 3 K cooling produced a blue (non-lignified) layer of cells, followed by normally lignified cells for the rest of the season. Hence, the event did not affect the cambium, but interrupted cell wall maturation in cells that were in a critical developmental stage. We conclude, that chronic cooling does not affect lignification at treeline, but it increases the risk of frost damage in premature xylem tissue.
Hemispheric asymmetries in mental disorders: evidence from rodent studies
Authors: Mundorf Annakarina , Ocklenburg Sebastian
Published: February 2023

The brain is built with hemispheric asymmetries in structure and function to enable fast neuronal processing. In neuroimaging studies, several mental disorders have been associated with altered or attenuated hemispheric asymmetries. However, the exact mechanism linking asymmetries and disorders is not known. Here, studies in animal models of mental disorders render important insights into the etiology and neuronal alterations associated with both disorders and atypical asymmetry. In this review, the current literature of animal studies in rats and mice focusing on anxiety and fear, anhedonia and despair, addiction or substance misuse, neurodegenerative disorders as well as stress exposure, and atypical hemispheric asymmetries is summarized. Results indicate overall increased right-hemispheric neuronal activity and a left-sided behavioral bias associated with symptoms of anxiety, fear, anhedonia, behavioral despair as well as stress exposure. Addiction behavior is associated with right-sided bias and transgenic models of Alzheimer’s disease indicate an asymmetrical accumulation of fibrillar plaques. Most studies focused on changes in the bilateral amygdala and frontal cortex. Across studies, two crucial factors influencing atypical asymmetries arose independently of the disorder modeled: sex and developmental age. In conclusion, animal models of mental disorders demonstrate atypical hemispheric asymmetries similar to findings in patients. Particularly, increased left-sided behavior and greater right-hemispheric activity were found across models applying stress-based paradigms. However, sex- and age-dependent effects on atypical hemispheric asymmetries are present that require further investigation. Animal models enable the analysis of hemispheric changes on the molecular level which may be most effective to detect early alterations.
Untargeted metabolomic analysis of metabolites related to body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)
Authors: Wang Yawen , Huang Jinlong
Published: February 2023

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a disorder associated with depression and eating disorders. It often arises from minor defects in appearance or an individual imagining that he or she is defective. However, the mechanisms causing BDD remain unclear, and its pathogenesis and adjuvant treatment methods still need to be explored. Here, we employed a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS)-based metabolomics approach to identify key metabolic differences in BDD versus healthy patients. We obtained plasma samples from two independent cohorts (including eight BDD patients and eight healthy control patients). Raw data were analyzed using Compound Discoverer to determine peak alignment, retention time correction, and extraction of peak areas. Metabolite structure identification was also obtained using Compound Discoverer by of accurate mass matching (< 10 ppm) and secondary spectral matching queries of compound databases. Next, multidimensional statistical analyses were performed using the ropls R package. These analyses included: unsupervised principal component analysis, supervised partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis, and orthogonal partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis. We then identified the most promising metabolic signatures associated with BDD across all metabolomic datasets. Principal component analysis showed changes in small-molecule metabolites in patients, and we also found significant differences in metabolite abundance between the BDD and normal groups. Our findings suggest that the occurrence of BDD may be related to metabolites participating in the following KEGG pathways: ABC transporters, purine metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, pyrimidine, pyrimidine metabolism, biosynthesis of 12-, 14-, and 16-membered macrolides, microbial metabolism in diverse environments, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and caffeine and insect hormone biosynthesis.
Water masses in the Caribbean Sea and sub-annual variability in the Guajira upwelling region
Authors: Torres Rafael Ricardo , Latandret Sadid , Salon Jhon , Dagua Claudia
Published: February 2023

The study of water masses is important as they transport water properties affecting the biosphere and ocean dynamics. In this study, we revisit water masses in the Caribbean Sea using climatology and 11 months of observations at different depths from 3 moorings placed in the Guajira upwelling region, providing some new findings. The Caribbean Surface Water (CSW) seasonal variability is studied at the mixed layer depth. Salinity differences between CSW and the saltier North Atlantic Subtropical Underwater (SUW) determine static stability spatial and temporal variations, with implications for regional ocean dynamics. Besides, we assess the climatologic distribution of water masses below the salinity maximum using the optimum multiparameter analysis and the Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater 2010, defining their source water indices when entering the Caribbean Sea. The SUW, with its core at ~ 150 m depth, occupies 16% of the Caribbean Sea volume, complemented by 38% of Antarctic Intermediate Water, with its core at ~ 700 m depth and North Atlantic Deep Water, which as bottom water occupies 46% of the volume. Hydrographic observations do not differ from climatology, regardless of their large sub-annual variations decreasing with depth. Daily time series of dominant water fractions at different depths correlate at each mooring, indicating a common forcing. Besides, rotated wind stress, which is an indicator of the Guajira upwelling, correlates regularly with water mass fractions down to 700 m depth. However, during strong wind shifts, upwelling seems to affect them down to 1450 m depth.
Large Eddy Simulation of an Inverted Multi-element Wing in Ground Effect
Authors: Slaughter James , Moxey David , Sherwin Spencer
Published: February 2023

Due to the proprietary nature of modern motorsport and Formula 1, current scientific literature lacks relevant studies and benchmarks that can be used to understand flow physics in this area, as well as to test and validate new simulation methodology. With the release of a new, open-source geometry (the Imperial Front Wing), we present a computational study of a multi-element aerofoil at a ride height of 0.36h/c and a Reynolds number of $${\mathbf{2}}{\mathbf{.2 \times 10}}^{{\mathbf{5}}}$$

2

.
2
×
10

5

. A 0.16c slice of the Imperial Front Wing has been examined using high-order spectral/hp element methods. Time averaged force data is presented, finding lift and drag coefficients of $$-$$
-
8.33 and 0.17 respectively. Unsteady analysis of the force and surface pressure data has allowed salient feature identification with respect to the transition mechanisms of each element. The mainplane and flap laminar separation are studied and the cross-spectral phase is presented for the lower frequency modes. At $$\varvec{St = 40}$$

S
t
=
40

an in-phase relationship is identified between mainplane and flap laminar separation bubbles, whilst at $$\varvec{St = 60}$$

S
t
=
60

a distinct out-of-phase relationship is observed. Wake results, including wake-momentum deficit and turbulent kinetic energy are presented, which show wake meandering and subsequent breakdown due to a Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. These results, in particular the transition mechanisms, will allow for the construction of a dataset to validate novel methods in this area.
Prevalence of higher-grade dysplasia in persistently high-risk human papillomavirus positive, cytology negative women after introduction of the new cervical cancer screening in Germany
Authors: Berger Laura , Wolf-Breitinger Maja , Weiß Christel , Tuschy Benjamin , Berlit Sebastian , Sütterlin Marc , Spaich Saskia
Published: February 2023

Purpose

According to the recently implemented organized cervical cancer screening program in Germany, women older than 35 years with negative cytology but persistent high-risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV) infection > 12 months should be referred to colposcopy for further evaluation. This study aimed to present and dissect colposcopic and histopathological findings with particular focus on associated hrHPV genotypes.

Methods

This study is a retrospective analysis of clinical data from 89 hrHPV positive patients with normal cytology who underwent colposcopic examination at a certified dysplasia outpatient clinic in Germany in 2021.

Results

While 38 (43%) women had a normal colposcopic finding, 45 (51%) had minor and 6 (7%) major changes. Thirty-one (35%) of the women were HPV 16 and/or HPV 18 positive and 58 (65%) women were positive for other hrHPV only. Among patients who underwent colposcopy with biopsies (in case of an abnormal finding or type 3 transformation zone, n = 68), eight (12%) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3 and six (9%) had CIN 2. The proportion of women diagnosed with CIN 3 varied among different hrHPV genotypes (HPV 16: 11%, HPV 18: 33%, HPV 31: 27%, HPV 33: 33%, HPV 52: 33%).

Conclusion

Persistently hrHPV positive women with negative cytology are at increased risk of being diagnosed with CIN 3. As CIN 3 prevalence seems to differ with regard to hrHPV strain, immediate HPV genotyping for risk stratification and subsequent early referral for colposcopy might constitute a feasible strategy.
Globally optimal univariate spline approximations
Authors: Mohr Robert , Coblenz Maximilian , Kirst Peter
Published: February 2023

We revisit the problem of computing optimal spline approximations for univariate least-squares splines from a combinatorial optimization perspective. In contrast to most approaches from the literature we aim at globally optimal coefficients as well as a globally optimal placement of a fixed number of knots for a discrete variant of this problem. To achieve this, two different possibilities are developed. The first approach that we present is the formulation of the problem as a mixed-integer quadratically constrained problem, which can be solved using commercial optimization solvers. The second method that we propose is a branch-and-bound algorithm tailored specifically to the combinatorial formulation. We compare our algorithmic approaches empirically on both, real and synthetic curve fitting data sets from the literature. The numerical experiments show that our approach to tackle the least-squares spline approximation problem with free knots is able to compute solutions to problems of realistic sizes within reasonable computing times.
Agency in Educational Technology: Interdisciplinary Perspectives and Implications for Learning Design
Authors: Brod Garvin , Kucirkova Natalia , Shepherd Joshua , Jolles Dietsje , Molenaar Inge
Published: February 2023

Advancing learners’ agency is a key educational goal. The advent of personalized EdTech, which automatically tailor learning environments to individual learners, gives renewed relevance to the topic. EdTech researchers and practitioners are confronted with the same basic question: What is the right amount of agency to give to learners during their interactions with EdTech? This question is even more relevant for younger learners. Our aim in this paper is twofold: First, we outline and synthesize the ways in which agency is conceptualized in three key learning disciplines (philosophy, education, and psychology). We show that there are different types and levels of agency and various prerequisites for the effective exercise of agency and that these undergo developmental change. Second, we provide guiding principles for how agency can be designed for in EdTech for children. We propose an agency personalization loop in which the level of agency provided by the EdTech is assigned in an adaptive manner to strike a balance between allowing children to freely choose learning content and assigning optimal content to them. Finally, we highlight some examples from practice.
Exploring links between road traffic noise, air quality and public health using DPSEAA conceptual framework: a review and perspective for a UK environmental health tracking system (EHTS)
Authors: Adza Wisdom K. , Hursthouse Andrew S. , Miller Jan , Boakye Daniel
Published: February 2023

There is evidence that hypertensive heart disease is attributed to environmental noise and air pollution in European regions. Epidemiological studies have also demonstrated the potential role of road traffic air–noise pollution in adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. Despite the local implementation of the EU Directive on environmental noise and air quality, it is necessary to explore the progress and understand the impact of policy, legislation and the collection of exposure and associated health data for air and noise pollution in order to improve environmental public health. Therefore, the DPSEEA (Driving force, Pressure, State, Exposure, Effect and Action) conceptual framework model was used to systematically map and review these links and to identify relevant indicators linking air–noise pollution with cardiovascular diseases. With a focus on the EU and specifically UK situation, we critically evaluate the effectiveness of evidence-based policy implementation of action plans, summarizing existing data using modified framework model tools. We concluded that, the DPSEEA conceptual framework provides an effective review method to more effectively, conduct data surveillance monitoring and assessment, and tracking outcomes with different types of evidence in the field of environmental public health. There is great scope demonstrating the use of the DPSEEA conceptual framework to highlight the casual relationship between exposure and effects taking into account other factors such as driving force, pressure, state, exposure and action and to incorporate as surveillance information in the environmental health tracking system (EHTS).
Rank-correlations are not robust to differences in group inequality
Authors: Gandil Mikkel Høst
Published: February 2023

Rank-based measures of intergenerational mobility are generally justified by their invariance to changes in inequality. However, I show that whenever the source of inequality is uncorrelated to parent ranks, such as in the cases of gender and birth order, increasing equality leads to a fall in rank mobility as measured by the rank correlation. I develop a method to ex-post quantify the importance of inequality for mobility measurement using cross-sectional income distributions and show that US income mobility could have fallen by as much as 24 percent since 1970 due to increased gender equality. Without specifying a policy objective of interest, it is therefore unclear which conclusions to draw from differences in rank-correlations across societies or from changes over time.
Estimating the GDP effect of Open Source Software and its complementarities with R&D and patents: evidence and policy implications
Authors: Blind Knut , Schubert Torben
Published: February 2023

Open Source Software (OSS) has become an increasingly important knowledge asset in modern economies. However, the economic impact of OSS on countries’ GDP is ambivalent due to its public good character. Using a cross-country panel from 2000 to 2018, including 25 of the largest EU countries plus the USA, Japan, Korea, Canada, China, Norway, and Switzerland, matching OSS commits to GitHub to macroeconomic data provided by the OECD, our results confirm the dual nature of OSS. On the one hand, the open-access character creates great learning potential by providing a commonly accessible productive resource for all countries. On the other hand, it creates outward-directed spillovers associated with own OSS contributions. Accordingly, on average, we find that countries experience an increase in GDP when the world stock of OSS grows. However, smaller countries experience a decline in GDP resulting from their own contributions due to knowledge spillovers. The net effect is nonetheless positive. If no country contributed to OSS development, GDP for the average country would be 2.2% lower in the long run. Moreover, the losses associated with unintended spillovers are lower for countries with a higher R&D and patenting intensity. Based on our findings, we derive implications for policies and regulations concerning OSS.
Landscape characteristics and predation risk influence spatial variation in auditory courtship of an upland game bird
Authors: Wightman Patrick H. , Martin James A. , Kohl Michel T. , Rushton Emily , Collier Bret A. , Chamberlain Michael J.
Published: February 2023

Context

Numerous wildlife species use a polygynous mating system, where males use auditory courtship behaviors to secure breeding opportunities. The acoustic adaptation hypothesis, risk reward, and landscape of fear theories suggest spatial variation in male auditory courtship will be influenced by areas in landscapes where sound transmission is increased, and predation risk is reduced. However, it is often unclear what landscape features drive spatial variation in courtship behaviors.

Objectives

We quantified the influence of predation risk, land cover type, and resource selection on spatial trends in the auditory courtship behavior (gobbling activity) of Eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris).

Methods

We used 53,025 gobbles coupled with GPS locations from 111 turkeys and 36 coyotes (Canis latrans), and distance metrics associated with hunter activity and land cover type, to investigate influences of predation risk, resource selection, and land cover type on spatial variation in gobbling activity in Georgia, USA.

Results

Distance to public access during hunting was the most influential predictor of gobbling activity, wherein the expected number of daily gobbles increased by 40% for every 500 m farther from public access. Daily gobbles decreased by 22% for every 500 m farther away from private property during hunting. We failed to find significant effects of land cover type and coyote use but found limited evidence that areas with increased predicted probability of turkey use was associated with increased gobbling.

Conclusions

Predation risk associated with increased anthropogenic disturbance had the greatest influence on gobbling activity. Our findings suggest that altering hunter access by closing roads to vehicle use, reducing hunter activity, or creating refuge areas on the landscape could positively influence gobbling activity.
Computing the logarithmic capacity of compact sets having (infinitely) many components with the charge simulation method
Authors: Liesen Jörg , Nasser Mohamed M. S. , Sète Olivier
Published: February 2023

We apply the charge simulation method (CSM) in order to compute the logarithmic capacity of compact sets consisting of (infinitely) many “small” components. This application allows to use just a single charge point for each component. The resulting method therefore is significantly more efficient than methods based on discretizations of the boundaries (for example, our own method presented in Liesen et al. (Comput. Methods Funct. Theory17, 689–713, 2017)), while maintaining a very high level of accuracy. We study properties of the linear algebraic systems that arise in the CSM, and show how these systems can be solved efficiently using preconditioned iterative methods, where the matrix-vector products are computed using the fast multipole method. We illustrate the use of the method on generalized Cantor sets and the Cantor dust.
Shared Status, Shared Politics? Evaluating a New Pathway to Black Solidarity with Other People of Color
Authors: Pérez Efrén , Vicuña Bianca , Ramos Alisson
Published: February 2023

Research suggests that solidarity between people of color (PoC) is triggered when a marginalized ingroup believes they are discriminated similarly to another outgroup. This evidence has primarily focused on Asian Americans, Latinos, and Middle Eastern people, who are systematically discriminated against as foreigners. Yet evidence remains absent on Black people, who are systematically discriminated against as inferior, but not as foreign. Using a pair of pre-registered experiments with Black and Latino adults (N = 2060), we manipulated a shared sense of discrimination as inferior (“second class citizenship”). This treatment measurably increased Black solidarity with PoC, which then significantly boosted their support for pro-Latino policies (e.g., less Border Patrol agents along US-Mexico border). This pattern was reciprocated by Latinos, whose heightened solidarity with PoC increased their support for pro-Black initiatives (e.g., endorsing #BlackLivesMatter). Sensitivity analyses further establish this pathway’s viability. We discuss the implications for more effective coalition-building among racially minoritized groups in US politics.
Charitable Giving in Times of Covid-19: Do Crises Forward the Better or the Worse in Individuals?
Authors: Litofcenko Julia , Meyer Michael , Neumayr Michaela , Pennerstorfer Astrid
Published: February 2023

Why did some individuals react to the Covid-19 crisis in a prosocial manner, whereas others withdrew from society? To shed light onto this question, we investigate changing patterns of charitable giving during the pandemic. The study analyzes survey data of 2000 individuals, representative of the populations of Germany and Austria. Logistic regressions reveal that personal affectedness by Covid-19 seems to play a crucial role: those who were personally affected either mentally, financially, or health-wise during the first 12 months of Covid-19 were most likely to have changed their giving behavior. The observed patterns fit psychological explanations of how human beings process existential threats. Our findings indicate that a profound societal crisis in itself mainly leads to changes in charitable giving if individuals are severely affected on a personal level. Thereby, we contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying individuals’ charitable giving behavior in times of crisis.
Highly Efficient Thermal Barrier Coatings Based on Arc Spraying of Amorphous Fe-based Alloys and NiCrAlY for Use in LH2 Tanks and Other Cryogenic Environments
Authors: Hauer Michél , Gericke Andreas , Möhrke Lukas , Allebrodt Benedikt , Henkel Knuth-Michael
Published: February 2023

In the current work, a typical NiCrAlY alloy and two novel amorphous Fe-based alloys were arc-sprayed for the desired application as insulative coatings in cryogenic environments such as for the inner walls of LH2 tanks. For the experiments, nitrogen was used as process gas, while the stand-off distance and number of passes were varied. The deposition efficiency, tensile adhesive strength, hardness, durability under cryogenic conditions, and thermal diffusivity were investigated. Another focus included the visual and chemical characterization of the microstructures and potential changes in these due to the harsh temperature regime. Additionally, the residual stresses within the coatings were measured by the incremental hole drilling method based on electronic speckle pattern interferometry and correlated with the other coating properties. This was done to estimate the influence of the stress state on possible coating delamination in the tanks over a longer period. The results demonstrate coatings with low, but varying porosity and oxide content as well as material-dependent correlations to electrical conductivity. In particular, the amorphous Fe-based coatings reveal homogeneous coating structures and promising properties in terms of insulation capacity for use in various cryogenic applications.
Dane Rudhyar
Authors: Ertan Deniz
Published: February 2023

The first full-length study of a remarkable composer, writer, painter, and expert on astrology, based on Rudhyar's personal archives.
The Twelve-Tone Music of Luigi Dallapiccola
Authors: Alegant Brian
Published: February 2023

Reveals the great twentieth-century Italian composer's innovative handling of harmony, form, and text setting.
Pope Gregory X and the Crusades
Authors: Baldwin Philip B
Published: February 2023

First full-length study of Pope Gregory X in relation to Crusade, demonstrating his significant impact.
The Making of the Elizabethan Navy 1540-1590
Authors: Loades David M.
Published: February 2023

An account of the development of the English navy showing how the formidable force which beat the Spanish Armada was created.
Reading Performance: Spanish Golden-Age Theatre and Shakespeare on the Modern Stage
Authors: Fischer Susan L.
Published: February 2023

Spanish Golden-Age plays take their place at the forefront of world theatre.
Measuring non-exchangeable tail dependence using tail copulas
Authors: Koike Takaaki , Kato Shogo , Hofert Marius
Published: February 2023

Quantifying tail dependence is an important issue in insurance and risk management. The prevalent tail dependence coefficient (TDC), however, is known to underestimate the degree of tail dependence and it does not capture non-exchangeable tail dependence since it evaluates the limiting tail probability only along the main diagonal. To overcome these issues, two novel tail dependence measures called the maximal tail concordance measure (MTCM) and the average tail concordance measure (ATCM) are proposed. Both measures are constructed based on tail copulas and possess clear probabilistic interpretations in that the MTCM evaluates the largest limiting probability among all comparable rectangles in the tail, and the ATCM is a normalized average of these limiting probabilities. In contrast to the TDC, the proposed measures can capture non-exchangeable tail dependence. Analytical forms of the proposed measures are also derived for various copulas. A real data analysis reveals striking tail dependence and tail non-exchangeability of the return series of stock indices, particularly in periods of financial distress.
Explotación de ungulados en ambientes ecotonales de Patagonia: Zooarqueología de un basural del Holoceno medio, sitio Cerro Casa de Piedra 7 (Santa Cruz, Argentina)
Authors: Fernández Natalia Lucía
Published: February 2023

En este trabajo se discuten las estrategias de explotación de ungulados por parte de los grupos cazadores-recolectores que habitaron los sectores ecotonales del Parque Nacional Perito Moreno (Santa Cruz, Argentina). La importancia del guanaco (Lama guanicoe) y el huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus) en la subsistencia de estos sectores precordilleranos se mantuvo constante desde la transición Pleistoceno/Holoceno. La muestra analizada corresponde a un basural datado en el Holoceno medio (ca. 5500 años aP) perteneciente al sitio Cerro Casa de Piedra 7. La variedad de partes anatómicas, junto con la diversidad y frecuencia de marcas de procesamiento, da cuenta de un aprovechamiento integral e intensivo de ambas especies. La explotación del guanaco se habría centrado, principalmente, en grupos familiares con una marcada selectividad de individuos en edad reproductiva. El incremento demográfico en las poblaciones de guanacos ocurrido durante el Holoceno medio, tal como señalan investigaciones moleculares en Patagonia, habría permitido esta interacción predador-presa sin consecuencias ecológicas negativas. En tanto, el huemul tuvo un rol complementario en la dieta y su obtención se basó en una estrategia de caza oportunista, sin causar una presión predatoria significativa sobre esta presa. Las discrepancias en el aprovechamiento responderían a cuestiones etológicas y demográficas propias de estos ungulados.
How Much Have We Changed? Long-Term Determinants of Attitudes toward Homosexuality in Chile
Authors: Paradela-López Miguel , Antón José-Ignacio , Jima-González Alexandra
Published: February 2023

This study explores the evolution of individual attitudes toward homosexuality in Chile during the period 1998–2018. Based on microdata from the International Social Survey Programme, it finds evidence of a significant rise in the share of people accepting homosexual relationships, from 5.4 percent to 38.5 percent of the population. Observable individual-level socioeconomic characteristics are responsible for only 3.6 percentage points of this shift. In particular, the increase in educational attainment and generational replacement help to explain this trend and account for an increase of 2.6 percentage points (roughly 45 percent of the initial level of acceptance). Nevertheless, the bulk of this shift is due to structural changes in Chilean society, which may have increased acceptance across all the demographic subgroups considered in the analysis.
First record of the Western Atlantic cocoa damselfish Stegastes variabilis from the Levant (Perciformes: Pomacentridae)
Authors: Golani Daniel , Einbinder Shai , Shemesh Eli , Tchernov Dan
Published: February 2023

In the present paper, we report the collection of a specimen of the West central Atlantic Stegastes variabilis in the shores of Israel, eastern shore of the Mediterranean. This record was preceded by a record of this species from Malta, in the central Mediterranean. The present record suggests that S. variabilis has established a small population in the Mediterranean.
A new lifetime distribution by maximizing entropy: properties and applications
Authors: Khosravi Tanak Ali , Najafi Marziyeh , Mohtashami Borzadaran G.R.
Published: February 2023

The principle of maximum entropy is a well-known approach to produce a model for data-generating distributions. In this approach, if partial knowledge about the distribution is available in terms of a set of information constraints, then the model that maximizes entropy under these constraints is used for the inference. In this paper, we propose a new three-parameter lifetime distribution using the maximum entropy principle under the constraints on the mean and a general index. We then present some statistical properties of the new distribution, including hazard rate function, quantile function, moments, characterization, and stochastic ordering. We use the maximum likelihood estimation technique to estimate the model parameters. A Monte Carlo study is carried out to evaluate the performance of the estimation method. In order to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed model, we fit the model to three real data sets and compare its relative performance with respect to the beta generalized Weibull family.
Manufacturing a Protestant Consensus: Religion and Regime Entrenchment in the Eisenhower Era
Authors: Compton John W.
Published: February 2023

The party regime concept is central to the study of American political development. Yet many questions about the processes through which party regimes are created, maintained, and dismantled remain unanswered. This article argues that religious bodies have historically played an important role in these processes. Specifically, I demonstrate that “mainline” Protestant groups made three distinct contributions to the entrenchment of the post–New Deal Democratic regime. First, the National Council of Churches (NCC) credibly reframed Democratic policy commitments as embodying universal values (as opposed to the preferences of favored interest groups). Second, the NCC's economic policy arm, which included representatives from business, labor, and the clergy, successfully created the impression of an overwhelming elite consensus in favor of center-left economic policies. Third, the NCC used its moral authority to empower the moderate Republican opposition while simultaneously marginalizing the party's well-funded and potentially influential right wing. The NCC was one of many civil society groups that opposed the GOP right's attempts to roll back the New Deal. But the professional diversity of its membership, its ability to frame its pronouncements in religious terms, and its links to the Protestant grassroots made it arguably the most effective.
Making the invisible visible: using national surveillance data to identify people experiencing homelessness in England with COVID-19
Authors: Capelastegui Fernando , Flannagan Joe , Augarde Elizabeth , Tessier Elise , Chudasama Dimple , Dabrera Gavin , Lamagni Theresa , Campos-Matos Ines
Published: February 2023

Persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) or rough sleeping are a vulnerable population, likely to be disproportionately affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The impact of COVID-19 infection on this population is yet to be fully described in England. We present a novel method to identify COVID-19 cases in this population and describe its findings. A phenotype was developed and validated to identify PEH or rough sleeping in a national surveillance system. Confirmed COVID-19 cases in England from March 2020 to March 2022 were address-matched to known homelessness accommodations and shelters. Further cases were identified using address-based indicators, such as NHS pseudo postcodes. In total, 1835 cases were identified by the phenotype. Most were <39 years of age (66.8%) and male (62.8%). The proportion of cases was highest in London (29.8%). The proportion of cases of a minority ethnic background and deaths were disproportionality greater in this population, compared to all COVID-19 cases in England. This methodology provides an approach to track the impact of COVID-19 on a subset of this population and will be relevant to policy making. Future surveillance systems and studies may benefit from this approach to further investigate the impact of COVID-19 and other diseases on select populations.