bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisión teórico-científica del marco conceptual de la emoción y el sentimiento y su aplicación al neuromarketing
Authors: Núñez-Cansado Marian , López López Aurora , Vela Delfa Cristina
Published: May 2021

En primera instancia, este artículo aborda una revisión bibliográfica diacrónica de las principales aportaciones teóricas relativas a la delimitación del marco conceptual de la emoción y el sentimiento, para plantear, finalmente, una reflexión acerca de su aplicación en el ámbito de la investigación en neuromarketing. En los últimos años, los programas de investigación científica han optado, en mayor medida, por desmarcarse del que ha sido durante mucho tiempo el paradigma dominante en las teorías de la emoción -que unificaba el tratamiento de las nociones de emoción y sentimiento-, para inclinarse por definiciones capaces de significar las diferencias existentes entre ambos conceptos, desde una óptica multifactorial y diferencial. Por su parte, el análisis de la literatura científica sobre neuromarketing nos revela que, en la práctica, ambos términos se confunden. Se incurre, de este modo, en un neurocentrismo que ignora el papel de los sentimientos en la toma de decisión. Ciertamente, una gran mayoría de estudios, procedentes de la praxis en este campo, centran sus resultados en aspectos meramente fisiológicos-biológicos, y dejan a un lado datos relevantes relativos a los procesos cognitivos asociados a aspectos culturales, sociales y propios de los estilos cognitivos del sujeto; circunstancia que puede restar validez al constructo teórico y limitar bien la capacidad predictiva o la validez concurrente en el diseño de estas investigaciones.Por todo esto, con la revisión bibliográfica propuesta se aportará luz sobre la problemática científica existente en torno al manejo de las nociones de emoción y sentimiento, lo que contribuirá, a su vez, a la adopción de una perspectiva más crítica y acertada acerca de cuáles deberían ser realmente sus usos y aplicaciones en el ámbito de la investigación en general, y del neuromarketing en particular.  En este sentido, es importante superar algunas de las actuales limitaciones concernientes a las metodologías mixtas e integradas con las que se mide y observa la actividad cerebral, y para ello las aclaraciones teórico-científicas que resultan de este estudio serán claves y dilucidadoras.
Use of Tensiomyography in Evaluating Sex-Based Differences in Resistance-Trained Individuals After Plyometric and Isometric Midthigh Pull Postactivation Potentiation Protocols
Authors: Herring Chad H. , Goldstein Erica R. , Fukuda David H.
Published: May 2021

Herring, CH, Goldstein, ER, and Fukuda, DH. Use of tensiomyography in evaluating sex-based differences in resistance-trained individuals after plyometric and isometric midthigh pull postactivation potentiation protocols. J Strength Cond Res 35(6): 1527–1534, 2021—The purposes of this study were to determine if there are sex-based differences in muscular contractile properties as measured by tensiomyography (TMG) and to determine if plyometrics or the isometric midthigh pull are effective methods of eliciting postactivation potentiation (PAP). Thirty strong, resistance-trained men (n = 15) and women (n = 15) underwent 3 testing days consisting of a PAP or control protocol, and pre-TMG and post-TMG and performance testing. Contractile properties from TMG were assessed in the gastrocnemius medial head (GMH), gluteus maximus (GM), rectus femoris (RF), and biceps femoris (BF). Performance testing included countermovement jumps (CMJs) and 30-m sprints. A time × sex interaction was found for GM delay time with women primarily influencing changes (mean difference = 2.74 ms) rather than men (mean difference = 1.32 ms). Main effects for time revealed an increase in GMH velocity of contraction (+0.004 mm·ms−1) and reductions in GM contraction time (−2.85 ms), GM delay time (−2.03 ms), RF delay time (−0.65 ms), CMJs (−2.74 cm), and 30-m time (0.05 seconds). Main effects for sex revealed greater values in women for GM contraction time (+15.50 ms), GM delay time (+6.65 ms), RF delay time (+2.26 ms), BF contraction time (+8.44 ms), BF delay time (+4.07 ms), BF maximal displacement (+2.27 mm), and 30-m time (+0.67 seconds), and lower values in women for GM velocity of contraction (−0.039 mm·ms−1) and CMJs (−13.46 cm).These findings may help practitioners optimize performance through enhanced assessments for injury risk, targeting specific muscles for training, and by selecting proper CAs and rest periods when using PAP.
Effects of Plyometric Jump Training on Electromyographic Activity and Its Relationship to Strength and Jump Performance in Healthy Trained and Untrained Populations: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Garcia-Pinillos Felipe , Chaabene Helmi , Moran Jason , Behm David G. , Granacher Urs
Published: May 2021

Ramirez-Campillo, R, Garcia-Pinillos, F, Chaabene, H, Moran, J, Behm, DG, and Granacher, U. Effects of plyometric jump training on electromyographic activity and its relationship to strength and jump performance in healthy trained and untrained populations: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Strength Cond Res 35(7): 2053–2065, 2021—This systematic review analyzed the effects of plyometric jump training (PJT) on muscle activation assessed with surface electromyography during the performance of strength and jumping tasks in healthy populations across the lifespan. A systematic literature search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. Only randomized controlled studies were eligible to be included in this study. Our search identified 17 studies comprising 23 experimental groups and 266 subjects aged 13–73 years, which were eligible for inclusion. The included studies achieved a median Physiotherapy Evidence Database score of 6. No injuries were reported among the included studies. Significant PJT-related improvements were reported in 7 of 10 studies and in 6 of 10 studies for measures of muscle activation during the performance of strength and jumping tasks, respectively. Moreover, a secondary correlational analysis showed significant positive relationships (r = 0.86; p = 0.012; r
2 = 0.74) between changes in muscle activation and changes in jump performance. However, from the total number (n = 287) of muscle activation response variables analyzed for strength and jumping tasks, ∼80% (n = 226) were reported as nonsignificant when compared with a control condition. In conclusion, PJT may improve muscle activation during the performance of strength and jumping tasks. However, conflicting results were observed probably arising from (a) studies that incorporated a large number of outcomes with reduced sensitivity to PJT, (b) methodological limitations associated to muscle activation measurement during strength and jumping tasks, and (c) limitations associated with PJT prescription. Future studies in this field should strive to solve these methodological shortcomings.
Explaining COVID-19 contagion in Portuguese municipalities using spatial autocorrelation models
Authors: Mourao Paulo , Bento Ricardo
Published: May 2021

This paper investigates the pattern of COVID-19 contagion in Portuguese municipalities from March 23rd to April 5th (the exponential phase). We have recurred to spatial autocorrelation models to discuss how the conglomeration of highly infectious spaces has also contributed to infecting neighbouring municipalities. We have used several indicators for the contagion of COVID-19 from the number of infectious individuals to rates of infectious. As explicative variables, additionally to spatial proximity, we also considered population density, the share of the elderly population as well as the length of municipal perimeter/border. Our results show that highly dense municipalities tended to contaminate close areas. Lengthier perimeters also showed a positive effect on the contagious indicators for a given municipality.
Combustion characteristics of biomass and bituminous coal co-firing in non-isothermal and isothermal conditions
Authors: Chen Meijing , Yi Baojun , Li Zhigang , Yuan Qiaxia
Published: May 2021

A thermogravimetric method was used to study the combustion of bituminous coal (BC), diverse biomass (wood chips: WC, chaff: CH), and their blends under non-isothermal conditions and isothermal conditions. A higher blending amount of WC or CH under non-isothermal conditions resulted in a lower ignition temperature, burnout temperature, and a greater comprehensive combustion characteristic index. Meanwhile, the co-combustion of BC, WC, and CH all showed inhibiting effects. The inhibition effect was prominent when the blending ratio of WC was below 30%. Under isothermal conditions, with the increase of oxygen concentration and blending amount, the combustion performance of BC improved gradually. The synergistic effect between BC and biomass dominated, and the interaction was more distinct when WC content exceeded 50%. Under both non-isothermal and isothermal conditions, the interaction between CH and BC did not vary at diverse blending ratios. The dynamic results suggested that the chemical reaction model O1 was suitable for stage 1 of the co-combustion of WC and BC, the model diffusion controlled D4 controlled the co-combustion of CH and BC and stage 2 of the co-combustion of WC and BC. The blending ratio of WC or CH with the lowest activation energy was 50%.
Effect of heat treatment on shore-D hardness of some wood species
Authors: Esteves Bruno , Sahin Sırrı , Ayata Ümit , Domingos Idalina , Ferreira José , Gürleyen Levent
Published: May 2021

Hardness is an important wood property for several applications. Typically, it is necessary to use traditional methods, such as a universal test machine, to determine a wood’s hardness value. This work reports the hardness of some wood species before and after heat treatment (ThermoWood method) using the Shore-D hardness method. The Shore-D hardness value of untreated wood ranged between 35.3 for Limba wood and 77.2 for Santos wood. With heat treatment, hardness decreased, and the decrease was greater for samples that underwent harsher treatment (2 h at 212 °C). The decrease of hardness was highest for Sipo wood (14%) and the lowest for Afrormosia wood (2.5%). Analysis of variance tests showed that there was a significant difference between wood species, heat treatment, and the interaction between both variables at the chosen level of significance (P ≤ 0.05). Results showed that Shore-D hardness could be used to measure hardness directly in a production line or in small wood companies without using a universal test machine.
Augmenting versatile peroxidase production from Lentinus squarrosulus and its role in enhancing ruminant feed
Authors: Ravichandran Aarthi , Rao Ramya G. , Gopinath Shanubhoganahalli Maheswarappa , Sridhar Manpal
Published: May 2021

Lentinus squarrosulus, a white-rot Basidiomycete, produces versatile peroxidase under nutrient-limiting conditions. This study was undertaken to enhance the yield of versatile peroxidase from the fungus by optimizing the physiological factors of nutrients and their concentration, inducers, temperature, and pH. Optimal medium was devised using a central composite design – response surface methodology and experimental validation. The fungus produced high levels of versatile peroxidase at a C:N ratio of approximately 100, temperature of 35 °C, and initial pH of 7. Immobilization of Lentinus squarrosulus on inert polyurethane foam (PUF) with optimized medium for production enhanced the versatile peroxidase yield multifold. Maximal yield of versatile peroxidase achieved through optimization and immobilization strategies was 116 U/mL. Efficacy of crude versatile peroxidase on aromatics degradation was illustrated through Fourier transform infrared analysis. The results demonstrated the improvised yield of versatile peroxidase from Lentinus squarrosulus and its efficiency in delignification of crop residues, substantiating the role of this enzyme in biotechnological applications especially for enriching ruminant feed.
Analisis Pengaruh Koefisien Watermarking pada Citra RGB dengan Menggunakan Perbandingan DCT dan DWT
Authors: Masykuroh Kholidiyah
Published: May 2021

Perkembangan internet yang semakin pesat dan kemudahan akses informasi digital menjadi peluang terjadinya cybercrime. Teknik pengamanan diperlukan pada informasi yang akan dikirimkan melalui media transmisi baik wireless maupun wired. Melalui penerapan watermarking diharapkan informasi terjaga dari serangan, penyisipan, penghapusan data, dan penggantian data. Penelitian ini membahas perbandingan metode watermarking menggunakan Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) dan Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) pada citra berwarna. Means Square Error (MSE) dan Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) merupakan parameter uji untuk mengukur rasio perbandingan citra asli dan citra watermarking. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan jenis transformasi yang digunakan mempengaruhi nilai SNR citra RGB. Citra RGB dengan menggunakan DCT memiliki nilai SNR yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan DWT yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai SNR citra Peppers 30 dB. Nilai koefisien yang diberikan pada citra yang disisipkan bervariasi mulai dari 5, 10, dan 50. Nilai ini mempengaruhi nilai SNR citra RGB dengan transformasi DCT. Along with the rapid development of the internet and the ease of access to digital information, cybercrime has a chance to occur. Security techniques are needed for information to be transmitted via transmission media, either wireless or wired. The application of watermarking has an opportunity to protect the information from attacks, insertion, deletion, and data replacement. This research discusses the comparison of watermarking methods using Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) on color images. Means Square Error (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) are a method to test parameters for measure the original image's ratio to the watermark image. The test results showed that the different types of transformations affect the SNR value of the RGB image. RGB image using DCT has a higher SNR value than DWT, which is indicated by the SNR value of Peppers image 30 dB. The coefficient value given to the inserted image varies from 5, 10, and 50. This value affects the SNR value of RGB images with DCT transformation.
Occurrence and Source Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Green Mussel (Perna viridis) from Cilincing Waters of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Yogaswara Deny , Partono Tri , Satya Awalina
Published: May 2021

Green mussels (Perna viridis) as sedentary organisms have been adopted as bioindicators in the marine environment for many decades. They have been potentially affected by anthropogenic activity and organic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an aquatic environment. This study aims to determine concentration, distribution and potential sources of PAHs in green mussel biomass obtained from Cilincing waters, Jakarta Bay. Fresh green mussels were collected from aquaculture facilities at Cilincing waters of Jakarta Bay with various size categories of shell length and were extracted with solvent n-hexane-dichloromethane mixture using Soxhlet method. The concentrate of sample extract was purified using silica gel/sodium sulfate anhydrous with n-pentene-DCM effluent in fractionation. Finally, the purified sample was injected into the GC-MS instrument. The result showed that the highest concentration of total PAH (TPAH) was 126.47 ng.g-1 wet weight (ww), founded in the guts from the biggest group of green mussel (length of 6.00 to 7.99 cm), and     3-aromatic rings were predominantly detected in all group sizes of green mussel. The result of the   LMW/  HMW and diagnostic binary ratio indicated that PAH contamination is caused by a mixed source of petrogenic and pyrogenic processes. It may be due to the presence of oil spilled and petroleum waste from shipyard and cargo activities and atmospheric deposition. Based on excess cancer risk (ECR) value and the concentration level of PAH carcinogenic according to National Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM) regulation, PAH level in green mussels are acceptable and minor negative impact due to typical human consumption. Nevertheless, it needs to be circumspect to exploiting green mussels as seafood resources for daily consumption due to the carcinogenic content.
Bioactive Compounds, Cosmeceutical And Nutraceutical Applications of Green Seaweed Species (Chlorophyta)
Authors: Taher, Ph.D Prof. Muhammad , Ruslan Fatin Syazwani , Susanti Deny , Mohammad Noor Normawaty , Aminudin Nurul Iman
Published: May 2021

Seaweeds are valuable marine plants that have garnered much attention from the public due to their high bioactive, nutrients and minerals content. Seaweeds have been used in multiple applications, including in cosmeceutical, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. Nevertheless, this review will focus on the bioactive compounds of Chlorophyta and their potential application in nutraceutical and cosmeceutical industries. Chlorophyta are believed to possess a significant amount of nutrients and minerals, sufficient to meet the daily requirements of nutrients and minerals in the human body.  Considering the nutritional aspect, deficiency in nutrients may lead to severe ailments, including heart disease, neurological disorder and cancer. The main compounds studied in this review are polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids, lipids, fatty acids, pigments, minerals, vitamins and secondary metabolites. Among all, polysaccharides are the most exploited compounds and used in many advanced applications in the nutraceutical and cosmeceutical industries. This review also offers insights into the beneficial biological properties of Chlorophyta, highlighting their potential in cosmeceutical and nutraceutical applications. Further research is required to highlight the Chlorophyta sp. aquaculture, its extraction method, and the most targeted bioactive compounds from the species. Therefore, the challenge is to increase public awareness of the promising application of this species in the nutraceutical and cosmeceutical  industries.
The Orientation of Jesuit Churches in the Chiquitos Missions of Eastern Bolivia
Authors: Gangui Alejandro
Published: May 2021

The Jesuit missions in South America were an important factor in the evangelisation of the continent during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. However, although the history and cultural aspects of the distinctive settlements that the missionaries created for indigenous peoples have been examined extensively, studies that address issues relating to archaeoastronomy have only recently begun to appear, primarily in relation to the orientation of churches built for Guaraní peoples in the Jesuit Province of Paraquaria (Province of Paraguay). The current paper continues and complements these studies of the region with the first archaeoastronomical study of the nearby Jesuit missions of Chiquitos in eastern Bolivia, focusing on measurements taken at the ten mission churches, interpreted within the context of the surrounding landscape and the characteristics of the villages where the churches are located. Our results show that in contrast to the churches of the Province of Paraquaria, where north–south meridian orientations predominate, half of the studied Chiquitan Jesuit churches show potential canonical orientations that seem to be aligned to solar phenomena, with three exhibiting precise equinoctial orientation. In this paper I propose reasons for these orientations, including the possible relevance of illumination effects on significant internal elements within the churches – effects that were generally sought in Baroque church architecture.
Emergency department visit rates for motor vehicle crashes by selected characteristics in the United States, 2017-2018
Authors: Davis Danielle , Cairns Christopher
Published: May 2021

Data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey • In 2017–2018, the overall emergency department (ED) visit rate for motor vehicle crash injuries was 5.3 visits per 1,000 persons. • The ED visit rate was highest among patients aged 15–24 (9.1) and then declined with age. • The ED visit rate for non-Hispanic black patients (15.2) was higher than for non-Hispanic white (4.3) and Hispanic (3.8) patients. • ED visit rates for patients who had Medicaid, no insurance, or workers’ compensation insurance as their primary expected source of payment were higher than for patients who had private insurance or Medicare. • The ED visit rate for motor vehicle crash injuries at hospitals located in the South (6.8 visits per 1,000 persons) was higher than for rates at hospitals in all other census regions of the United States. In 2017–2018, an average of 3.4 million emergency department (ED) visits for motor vehicle crash injuries occurred annually (1,2). Most persons injured or killed in motor vehicle crashes are occupants (3). Medical care costs and productivity losses associated with crash injuries and deaths exceeded $75 billion in 2017 (4). This report presents ED visit rates for motor vehicle crashes by age, race and ethnicity, health insurance status, and census region. Data for this report are from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), an annual nationally representative survey of nonfederal, general, and short-stay hospitals (1,2). Suggested citation: Davis D, Cairns C. Emergency department visit rates for motor vehicle crashes by selected characteristics: United States, 2017–2018. NCHS Data Brief, no 410. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2021. DOI: https://dx.doi. org/10.15620/cdc:106460. CS324623 db410-H.pdf
Molecular markers for analysis of plant genetic diversity
Authors: Nam Vu Tuan , Hang Pham Le Bich , Linh Nguyen Nhat , Ly Luu Han , Hue Huynh Thi Thu , Ha Nguyen Hai , Hanh Ha Hong , Hien Le Thi Thu
Published: May 2021

Genetic diversity plays an important role in diversity conservation at multiple levels and supports to monitor and assess genetic variation. In plants, genetic diversity provides the ability to adapt and respond to environmental conditions that helps plants to survive through changing environments. Genetic diversity analyses based on molecular genetic markers are effective tools for conservation and reintroduction of rare and endangered species. In recent years, the development of various chemical and molecular techniques for studying genetic diversity has received great attention. While biochemical markers are primarily used in the diagnosis of pathogens, DNA markers have been developed and widely applied for identification of species and population based on the genotype of an organism that is more stable and not easily affected by the environmental factors. PCR-based molecular marker tools, such as restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are used for analysing the difference in the targeted DNA sequences. With the rapid and robust development of genomic sequencing technology it is now possible to obtain and analyse DNA sequences of the whole genome of studied organisms. However, each type of DNA markers has different principles, as well as the pros and cons of specificity. In this article, we review methods and point out DNA markers, which are considered as reliable and widely used tools for the detection of genetic variation. In addition, we present the application of DNA marker in analysing genetic diversity of wild, domestic and medicinal plants, as well as some perspectives on the future of DNA marker’s application in the analysis of genetic diversity.
Kościoły bożogrobców w Małopolsce. Z badań nad patrociniami i relikwiami (XII–XVI w.)
Authors: Rajman Jerzy
Published: May 2021

Autor przedstawia wyniki własnych badań źródłowych nad zagadnieniem obecności relikwii oraz wezwań występujących w kościołach zakonu bożogrobców, znajdujących się w średniowiecznej Małopolsce (na obszarze województw krakowskiego i sandomierskiego). W artykule zostały ujawnione ważne przekazy w kronice Samuela Nakielskiego. Pierwszy przekaz, znany w literaturze, dotyczy przywiezienia przez Jaksę ziemi z Jerozolimy. Drugi przekaz – o posiadaniu przez klasztor bożogrobców relikwii św. Krzyża – nie był dotychczas omawiany w literaturze. Autor stawia tezę o istnieniu w klasztorze miechowskim ważnych relikwii związanych z Męką Pańską. Analizie zostały poddane najważniejsze przekazy źródłowe o wezwaniach. Wskazano, że wezwanie główne kościoła miechowskiego przybrało pod koniec XIII wieku złożoną dedykację do Grobu Bożego, Ducha Świętego i N. Marii Panny. Wiele miejsca autor poświęcił również analizie wezwania kościoła w Żarnowcu, gdzie wystąpiły wezwania do obu świąt związanych z Krzyżem św., do Ducha Świętego, Grobu Pańskiego i N. Marii Panny. Omówione zostały także wezwania pozostałych 10 kościołów administrowanych przez bożogrobców. Autor przedstawił także bogate dane o wezwaniach ołtarzy i kaplic, które zachowały się w odniesieniu do kościoła w Miechowie i kościoła św. Jadwigi na Stradomiu. Wraz z informacjami o licznych relikwiach świętych powinny one stać się punktem wyjścia do dalszych badań.
Ambrogio Contarini i jego podróż na Wschód. Okoliczności nawiązania kontaktów dyplomatycznych przez Wenecję i Polskę z Persją w drugiej połowie XV w.
Authors: Smołucha Janusz
Published: May 2021

Artykuł poświęcony jest mało znanemu w historiografii wątkowi dyplomatycznych kontaktów pomiędzy Europą chrześcijańską a Uzun Hassanem (1423-1478), władcą Persji. Stolicą jego państwa było, leżące obecnie w północno-zachodnim Iranie miasto Tabriz. Uzun Hassan wspierał militarnie przeciwników Turcji osmańskiej i dążył do nawiązania kontaktów dyplomatycznych z państwami chrześcijańskimi. Autor krótko przedstawił dzieje tych poselstw, których celem była zazwyczaj Wenecja i Rzym. W 1472 r. jedno z nich zawitało również do stolicy Królestwa Polskiego Krakowa. Poza krótkimi wzmiankami we współczesnych kronikach i dokumentach dyplomatycznych niewiele wiemy o szczegółach tych pierwszych politycznych kontaktów z Persją. Zasadnicza część artykułu odnosi się natomiast do niezwykle dobrze udokumentowanej źródłowo podróży na dwór Uzun Hassana w Tabriz weneckiego posła Ambrogio Contariniego. W dyplomatyczną podróż wyprawił się on z Wenecji w lutym 1474 r. Ponieważ Turcy w owym czasie blokowali przeprawę z Cypru do Azji Mniejszej wenecki poseł zdecydował się na podróż lądem poprzez Niemcy, Królestwo Polskie i Ruś. Niezwykle cenne są jego opisy mało znanych regionów leżących nad Dnieprem, w tym samego Kijowa. Szczegółowo opisał swoją pełną przygód podróż kierując się do Kaffy nad Morzem Czarnym. Stamtąd omijając posiadłości tureckie i góry Kaukazu, uniknąwszy wielu niebezpieczeństw Contarini przedostał się do Persji.
Pałac arcybiskupów lwowskich obrządku łacińskiego w Obroszynie koło Lwowa w latach 1885-1923. Edycja źródłowa inwentarzy
Authors: Chajko Grzegorz
Published: May 2021

W niniejszym artykule zostały zaprezentowane w formie edycji źródłowej dwa inwentarze pałacu arcybiskupów lwowskich obrządku łacińskiego w Obroszynie. Poddano je analizie i opatrzono aparatem naukowym. W swojej treści zawierają one informacje na temat wyglądu i organizacji całego założenia pałacowo-parkowego, a także wyglądu zewnętrznego, układu pomieszczeń oraz wyposażenia samego budynku pałacowego. Dodatkowo zawarte są w nich obszerne wykazy egzotycznych roślin hodowanych w oranżerii. Warto też zaznaczyć, że publikowane dokumenty wypełniają istotną lukę w historii pałacu w Obroszynie. Nigdy też wcześniej inwentarze te nie były publikowane.
Die deutsche Besatzungsmacht in Kongresspolen im 1. Weltkrieg und die polnische katholische Kirche
Authors: Stempin Arkadiusz
Published: May 2021

Der Artikel versucht, die deutsche Besatzung im Kongresspolen in den Jahren 1914-18 zu bewerten, wobei sich das Augenmerk auf den agilen Verterter des Kaisers in Warschau, General Hans H. von Beseler, richtet. Eine Vorgehensweise, die ihre Berechtigung aus Beselers Schlüsselrolle in der Gestaltung der Polenpolitik bezieht. Im Fokus steht die Vorgehensweise der deutschen Besatzungsmacht gegenüber einer etablierten Kraft auf den polnischen Gebieten  - der katholischen Kirche, allen voran ihrem prominentesten Vertreter, dem Warschauer Erzbischof Aleksander Kakowski, nachdem  man in Berlin den Einfluss der katholischen Kirche in Polen als den "wichtigsten Faktor im Lande"eingestuft hat. Daher wird auch die Interdependenz erläutert, welche sich zwischen der katholischen Hierarchie und den Besatzungsbehörden herauskristalisiert hat.  Der Schmusekurs der deutschen Besatzer mit der Kirche hingegen wird als Einsetzung von sanften und verkleideten Mitteln der Macht, um die  Herrschaft über ein fremdes Land zu gewährleisten, verstanden.
Wspomnienia o Władysławie Studnickim (oprac. M. Zakrzewski)
Authors: Swianiewicz Stanisław
Published: May 2021

Jesienią 1984 r. Jerzy Giedoryc wydał niemieckojęzyczny numer „Kultury”. Zawierał on artykuły polskich autorów takich jak m.in.: Konstanty Jeleński, Adam Michnik, Zdzisław Najder, Jan Józef Lipski, Jerzy Stempowski, Czesław Miłosz, Gustaw Herling-Grudziński oraz Stanisław Swianiewicz. Zestaw znanych nazwisk silnie podkreślał chęć przedstawienia czytelnikowi niemieckojęzycznemu  najwybitniejszych autorów mniej lub bardziej związanych z Instytutem Literackim. Prezentowane teksty nie tylko traktowały o zagadnieniu relacji polsko-niemieckich, ale też były swoistą promocją tego czym jest „Kultura” w kręgu niemieckim. Jeden z tekstów autorstwa Swianiewicza był poświęcony postaci Władysława Studnickiego – najważniejszego przedstawiciela orientacji proniemieckiej w latach I wojny światowej i II Rzeczpospolitej. Tekst nigdy nie wyszedł w języku polskim. Dzięki życzliwości Instytutu  Literackiego w Masoin Laffite na łamach pisma Folia Historica Cracoviensa ukazuje się polski pierwowzór opublikowanego niemieckiego tłumaczenia. A jest to tekst wyjątkowy. Swianiewicz nie tylko znakomicie przedstawia najważniejsze elementy doktryny Studnickiego, nie tylko wnikliwie przedstawia społeczne tło jego poglądów, ale przytacza szereg osobistych wspomnień odnośnie tej postaci. Dzięki Swianiewiczowi nie tylko poznajemy koncepcje czołowego polskiego „germanofila”, ale przede wszystkim odczujemy ją poprzez wnikliwą i miejscami zaskakująca interpretację autora.
The Genesis of a Permanent Tribunal: Quaestio Perpetuae de Repetundis
Authors: Gwardecki Mariusz
Published: May 2021

The aim of the paper is to present the judiciary in cases de repetundis in the period before the permanent court was established, including plebeian tri­bunals and “occasional” tribunals: quaestiones estraordinariae / quaestio­nes temporiae, as well as the collegium of recuperators. An important ele­ment is the evolution of the court proceedings and the emergence of new legislative efforts, as well as the influence of the emergence of new court models on the proceedings. The author will discuss the legal, social and political background of the development of legislation with regard to prose­cuting the crimen repetundarum (crime of extortion) and outline the scale of the problem of extortion in the Roman Republic, as well as the related social conflicts.
Historical Goldsmithry in the Churches of the Archdiocese of Kraków. Remarks on the recent inventory
Authors: Skrabski Józef
Published: May 2021

This article prestents the Historical Goldsmithry in the Churches of the Archdiocese of Kraków.
The disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian army in 1918
Authors: Baczkowski Michał
Published: May 2021

The internal disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian army in 1918 was one of the chief causes of not only the defeat of the Habsburg monarchy in the First World War but also of the breakup of the dual state. That long-term process began in the winter of 1917/18 with the shortages in supplies for the soldiers. Its dynamic was strongly boosted by the return of prisoners of war from Russian captivity on the power of the peace treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March–October 1918), and the defeat by the Piave (July 1918). There were increasing instances of marauding and local rebellions in the rear ranks from the spring of 1918 resulting in the breakdown of discipline and a huge wave of desertions in the summer of that year. The response of the authorities was poor for fear of a civil revolution or a rebellion stimulated by the national context in the event of a brutal use of force. The weakened army limited its activity on the front, passively awaiting the signing of a peace. The last phase of the demise came in October 1918 and resulted from the lack of faith in a quick conclusion to the conflict combined with the hopes of rank-and-file soldiers for the establishment of national states on the wreckage of Austria-Hungary, which was to result in immediate termination of hostilities. In such circumstances, the beginning of the Italian offensive at Vittorio Veneto led to a series of rebellions of line troops. This caused the collapse of the front, the unauthorised return of entire corps to their homes, and the signing of the Armistice of Villa Giusti by the declining monarchy and capitulation to the conditions of the on Italians.
Early 20th Century Miracula Related to St. Anthony’s Wondrous Painting from Sądowa Wisznia in the Light of Archival Sources from the Collection of the Krakow Archive of Our Lady of the Angels’ Province of the Reformed Franciscans
Authors: Małocha Joanna
Published: May 2021

The article is an edition of the archival source containing a list of miracles which took place from ca. 1900 to 1913 through the intercession of St. Anthony of Padua in a painting from the Reformed Franciscan monastery in Sądowa Wisznia. The analyzed text is currently kept in the resources of the Archive of Our Lady of the Angels’ Province of the Reformed Franciscans in Krakow. Note that it does not constitute an independent archive unit, but has been instead incorporated in the hand-written Chronicle of the Monastery in Sądowa Wisznia of 1888–1945. The actual source edition – prepared in accordance with the principles set by I. Ihnatowicz, i.e. a complex, double note system – is preceded by a multi-section introduction. It starts with a brief outline of the unique characteristics of the cult of St. Anthony among the Polish Reformed Franciscans, followed by a short history of the monastery in Sądowa Wisznia and the gracious painting, and closes with an analysis of the miracles. The author did not hesitate to point out analogies withthe miracles described in the article and to include reflections on the fragmentary picture of the early 20th-century society of the Eastern Borderlands of Poland based on the sources, in terms of their religiousness and a tendency to put faith in a miraculous power of objects of worship. She also used other sources from the archives (e.g. the mass intention book, the chronicle and the documents of St. Anthony’s Society).
Organizational Statutes of Diocesan Archives in Przemyśl and Płock. A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Różański Mieczysław
Published: May 2021

Diocesan archives in Przemyśl and Płock are one of the oldest institutional diocesan archives in Poland. The archives were established in 1927 and 1928, respectively. This article is intended to make a comparative analysis of the archives’ statutes. The archive in Przemyśl came into being as a current archive of the episcopal curia and a historical archive, whereas the archive in Płock only as a historical one. The statutes regulate the basis of the archives’ operations. They define their institutional separateness, identify their objectives and resources. The statutes also formulate basic principles whereby records are received. They also establish tasks and responsibilities of the director and other employees and provide general rules of making archive material available. In terms of content, the statutes cover the same topics, but they differ in detailed solutions. The differences arise from the specific functions of the respective archives in the dioceses.
Impediti Bishops of the Vilnius Diocese in the Russian Empire Period: A Case of Bishop Adam Stanisław Krasiński
Authors: Prašmantaitė Aldona
Published: May 2021

Following the partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Vilnius diocese, together with the Samogitian diocese, found itself under the direct supervision of the Russian Empire. It was the intention of lay authorities that the Catholic Church should be governed according to the same principles as the Orthodox Church, which enjoyed the status of the national church in the Russian Empire. Disobedience frequently became a pretext to remove the disloyal hierarch from power over the diocese. This phenomenon became a real plague in the Vilnius diocese. Under the pretext of disloyalty, lay authorities prevented three bishops ordinary of the Vilnius diocese: Adam Stanisław Krasiński (1863), Karol Hryniewiecki (1885), Eduard von Ropp (1907) from performing their duties, exiling the hierarchs. Based on the literature of the subject and analysis of sources, the article presents the history of the removal of Bishop Krasiński from the episcopal throne. His stance during the January Uprising was a pretext to remove the bishop from the Vilnius diocese. The analysis led to the conclusion that Bishop Krasiński’s stance towards the uprising was in accordance with the statement of the Holy See. However, faced with the requirements of the Russian officials, he did not relent and refused to issue a public circular condemning the uprising. Bishop Krasiński was alien to servile obedience towards imperial authorities. The exile to Vyatka (called Kirov since 1934) in inland Russia was  he price he paid for his personal dignity and the dignity of his office of the bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese. Bishop Krasiński was released from his exile in 1883. However, the analysis does not confirm the currently prevalent view that he resigned from his office of his own initiative. It was determined that the idea of Krasiński’s letter to the Pope with the request to accept the bishop’s resignation from the office of the head of the Vilnius diocese originated in the Ministry of Internal Affairs in 1877. The Russian government adeptly used the case of the exiled bishop in their negotiations with the Holy See. The fate of the Vilnius bishop was sealed in one of the articles of a preliminary agreement from 1880 between the Russian Empire and the Holy See. Bishop Krasiński’s dismissal from the office of the head of the Vilnius diocese and his exile was in line with the policy of the Russian government towards the Roman Catholic Church.
Human Resource Management in the Nigerian Construction Firms: Practices and Challenges
Authors: Ameh Oko John , Daniel Emmanuel Itodo
Published: May 2021

Improvement of human resource management is critical to overall productivity and cost effectiveness in the construction industry. This study assesses the current human resource management practices in the Nigeria construction organisation and the challenges confronting it. Questionnaire survey was adopted using purposive sampling technique. Ninety eight human resource managers and construction professionals in two categories of construction organisations (client organisations involved in real estate development and contractor organisations) were sampled. The results reveal that prevailing recruitment practices are placement of the right staff in the right department for the achievement of company general goals, and screening of candidates for vacant positions. Most common training and development practices involve inducting, orienting and training newly recruited employee on software and use of tools, and assigning staff based on their skill and expertise.Provision of appropriate/modern working tools and equipment and provision of incentives and benefits to staff are prevailing motivation and labour union practices. The study further identified:competition for global mobile talents, labour turnover, recruiting the right person for a specific position, wages and compensation as some of the challenges facing HRM practice in Nigeria.The study concludes that recruitment and selection practices in the construction organisation are distinctly different from those of the manufacturing and banking industry and it centres on selection of skilled and technically competent personnel for organisation’s general goal.   The study recommends that future study should  assess the impact of the identified human resource practices on productivity and project performance.
Effectiveness of Mechanisms for Enforcement of Ethical Standards in the Construction Industry
Authors: Akintola B. F. , Jagboro G. O. , Ojo G. K. , Odediran S. J.
Published: May 2021

Gross unethical conducts are common issues among professionals in the construction sector due to the heterogeneous nature of the industry. However, limited efforts are made to ensure that ethical standards become enforced among professionals in the sector. Therefore, this study assessed effective mechanisms for the enforcement of ethical standards to improve public confidence in construction professionals. Data were collected through copies of questionnaire administered on professionals in consultancy, contracting and government organizations in Southwestern Nigeria. One hundred and seventy-two (172) copies of questionnaire were retrieved and found suitable for the analysis. Data collected was analyzed using both the descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed that all the ethical standards identified were moderately significant with relative effective index (REI) that ranged from 0.585 to 0.526. Some of these included personal reputation, promotion of civic right, good citizenry, among others. Four major effective mechanisms for the enforcement of ethical standards extracted through factor analysis are the roles to be played by the stakeholders (68.22%), individual (9.44%), industry (3.64%) and legal instruments (3.08%). It was concluded that these four mechanisms are effective in the enforcement of ethical standards in the construction industry. The study recommends that all construction stakeholders must ensure that all hands are on deck through collaborations to sanitise the image of the industry. The outcome of this research will improve the ethical orientation of each professional, which will have a positive effect on the general public's perception of the industry.
Vulnerabilidade da população negra brasileira frente à evolução da pandemia por COVID-19
Authors:   Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Bruno Santos Ferreira Ricardo , de Camargo Climene Laura
Published: May 2021

Introdução: Devido as iniquidades históricas, o contexto pandêmico do COVID-19 tem impactado de maneira distinta os segmentos sociais, exigindo um acompanhamento especial às minorias étnico-raciais que vivem em situação de vulnerabilidade. Nesse sentido, o estudo tem como objetivo analisar a vulnerabilidade da população negra brasileira frente à evolução da pandemia por COVID-19. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo documental, descritivo, quantitativo, realizada a partir dos boletins epidemiológicos coronavírus publicados pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Foram avaliadas duas variáveis dos boletins epidemiológicos coronavírus a partir da raça/cor: hospitalizações por síndrome respiratória aguda grave e óbito por Covid-19. Resultados: Entre os boletins nº 9 e nº 18 evidenciou-se o aumento sustentado nas taxas de internação por síndrome respiratória aguda grave (de 23,9% para 54,7%) e óbito (de 34,3% para 61,3%) entre pessoas de raça/cor negra e redução constante na hospitalização (de 73% para 43,3%) e óbito (de 62,9% para 36,5%) entre pessoas brancas. Constata-se que pessoas negras têm maiores chances de internação por SRAG e morte por COVID-19 no Brasil, o que implica maior situação de vulnerabilidade. Discussão: Acredita-se que esse cenário desfavorável entre pessoas negras se deve a dificuldade ou impossibilidade de realização de isolamento social, à prevalência de comorbidades que precipitam quadros graves do COVID-19, as dificuldades no acesso aos serviços de saúde e ao racismo institucional. Conclusão: faz-se necessário a implementação de uma rede de proteção social a esse grupo racial, com o objetivo de reduzir o acometimento da doença e a letalidade do vírus.
Rol del cuidador familiar novel de adultos en situación de dependencia: Scoping Review
Authors: Esquivel Garzón Natalia , Carreño Moreno Sonia , Chaparro Díaz Lorena
Published: May 2021

Introducción: El incremento del número de personas adultas, en situación de dependencia, discapacidad y con necesidades de cuidado, ha generado el surgimiento de los cuidadores familiares, quienes asumen esta responsabilidad, sin la formación o conocimientos previos, situación que puede comprometer el desempeño de este nuevo rol y sus resultados en el receptor de cuidado. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un Scoping Review con la metodología de Arksey y O’Malley, que incluyó la revisión de los estudios disponibles en bases de datos en línea, en idioma inglés y español, a partir de lo cual se extrajo información relacionada con la asunción del rol de cuidador familiar novel de adultos en situación de dependencia. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 42 artículos y surgieron cinco temas; que incluyen, las tendencias sociodemográficas, la trayectoria y dinámicas a lo largo del tiempo, las transiciones que implica el nuevo rol, la participación en la toma de decisiones y los dominios e impactos en quien ejerce el cuidado. Discusión: Se evidenció que ejercer el rol de cuidador familiar novel de personas en situación de dependencia, implica adquirir una serie de competencias, conocimientos, y habilidades, además; de requerir un adecuado soporte social, aspectos que deben ser explorados, reconocidos y abordados por Enfermería. Conclusiones: Este estudio proporciona información para comprender las experiencias e implicaciones que tiene convertirse en cuidador novel, de forma que los profesionales de la salud adapten las intervenciones destinadas a apoyar a los cuidadores y mejorar su bienestar.
The main directions of development for light industry enterprises in the context of a pandemic
Authors: Medvedeva Olga , Rykova Elena
Published: May 2021

The article considers the actual factors for the development of light industry enterprises – the transition of the interaction of the "producer-consumer" system to the digital space using the Internet; application of the customization function in the production of light industry goods and the development of a model of conscious consumption. The presented results of marketing research demonstrate the interest in fashion of a larger number of consumers under 35 years old and confirm the global trend of interest in the global network as the main source of information about fashion. The results obtained reflect the global statistics on consumer awareness of fashion innovations and new products that they receive from the worldwide Internet. The desire to integrate the consumer and the manufacturer using online channels is relevant and in demand both in the global and in the Russian market, based on which we can talk about the use of modern means of interaction. Active segmentation of the market leads to the fact that the consumer becomes more differentiated in terms of their values and tastes, social and demographic status, which in turn changes the demand: it goes from mass to the category of segmented. The authors considered the emergence of the phenomenon of mass customization in global practice and the main approaches to using this tool in the market. Customization is a tool by which the manufacturer and the client come to a common decision regarding the finished product. It was found that economists Joseph Pine II and James H. Gilmore propose four levels of customization, which are called collaborative, adaptive, cosmetic, transparent (joint, adaptive, cosmetic, transparent), respectively, which most fully reflects the levels of implementation of customization in mass production. In this article, the authors review the experience of the two largest sports goods manufacturers in the field of sustainable production and consider the new direction of "slow fashion" (slow fashion) as the basis for the introduction of the customization function.