bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Figure‐of‐Merit Telluride‐Based Flexible Thermoelectric Films through Interfacial Modification via Millisecond Photonic‐Curing for Fully Printed Thermoelectric Generators
Authors: Mallick Md Mofasser , Franke Leonard , Rösch Andres Georg , Geßwein Holger , Long Zhongmin , Eggeler Yolita M. , Lemmer Uli
Published: September 2022

The thermoelectric generator (TEG) shows great promise for energy harvesting and waste heat recovery applications. Cost barriers for this technology could be overcome by using printing technologies. However, the development of thermoelectric (TE) materials that combine printability, high‐efficiency, and mechanical flexibility is a serious challenge. Here, flexible (SbBi)2(TeSe)3‐based screen‐printed TE films exhibiting record‐high figure of merits (ZT) and power factors are reported. A high power factor of 24 µW cm−1 K−2 (ZTmax ≈ 1.45) for a p‐type film and a power factor of 10.5 µW cm−1 K−2 (ZTmax ≈ 0.75) for an n‐type film are achieved. The TE inks, comprised of p‐Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 (BST)/n‐Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 (BT) and a Cu‐Se‐based inorganic binder (IB), are prepared by a one‐pot synthesis process. The TE inks are printed on different substrates and sintered using photonic‐curing leading to the formation of a highly conducting β‐Cu2−δSe phase that connects “microsolders,” the grains resulting in high‐performance. Folded TEGs (f‐TEGs) are fabricated using the materials. A half‐millimeter thick f‐TEG exhibits an open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 203 mV with a maximum power density (pmax) of 5.1 W m−2 at ∆T = 68 K. This result signifies that a few millimeters thick f‐TEG could power Internet‐of‐Things (IoTs) devices converting low‐grade heat to electricity.
Role of A‐Site Composition in Charge Transport in Lead Iodide Perovskites
Authors: Hong Min Ji , Labram John G.
Published: September 2022

As the power conversion efficiency and stability of solar cells based on metal halide perovskites continue to improve, the community increasingly relies on compounds formed of mixed cations and mixed halides for the highest performing devices. The result is that device engineers now have a potentially infinite number of compositions to choose from. While this has provided a large scope for optimization, it has increased complexity of the field, and the rationale for choosing one composition over another remains somewhat empirical. Herein, the distribution of electronic properties for a range of lead iodide perovskite thin films is mapped. The relative percentages of methylammonium, formamidinium, and cesium are varied, and the electronic properties are measured with time‐resolved microwave conductivity, a contactless technique enabling extraction of electronic properties of isolated films of semiconductors. It is found a small amount of Cs leads to larger carrier mobilities and longer carrier lifetimes and that compositions with a tolerance factor close to 0.9 generally show lower performance that those closer to 0.8 or 1.0.
Anosmia, mild cognitive impairment, and biomarkers of brain aging in older adults
Authors: Dong Yi , Li Yuanjing , Liu Keke , Han Xiaolei , Liu Rui , Ren Yifei , Cong Lin , Zhang Qinghua , Hou Tingting , Song Lin , Tang Shi , Shi Lin , Luo Yishan , Kalpouzos Grégoria , Laukka Erika J. , Winblad Bengt , Wang Yongxiang , Du Yifeng , Qiu Chengxuan
Published: September 2022

Olfactory impairment is a potential marker for prodromal dementia, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This population‐based study included 4214 dementia‐free participants (age ≥65 years). Olfaction was assessed using the 16‐item Sniffin’ Sticks identification test. In the subsamples, we measured plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)40, Aβ42, total tau, and neurofilament light chain (NfL; n = 1054); and quantified hippocampal, entorhinal cortex, and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes, and Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐signature cortical thickness (n = 917). Data were analyzed with logistic and linear regression models. In the total sample, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was diagnosed in 1102 persons (26.2%; amnestic MCI, n = 931; non‐amnestic MCI, n = 171). Olfactory impairment was significantly associated with increased likelihoods of MCI, amnestic MCI, and non‐amnestic MCI. In the subsamples, anosmia was significantly associated with higher plasma total tau and NfL concentrations, smaller hippocampal and entorhinal cortex volumes, and greater WMH volume, and marginally with lower AD‐signature cortical thickness. These results suggest that cerebral neurodegenerative and microvascular lesions are common neuropathologies linking anosmia with MCI in older adults.
Personalized Scaffolds for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing Using Extracellular Matrix from Induced Pluripotent Stem‐Reprogrammed Patient Cells
Authors: Santarella Francesco , do Amaral Ronaldo Jose Farias Correa , Lemoine Mark , Kelly Domhnall , Cavanagh Brenton , Marinkovic Milica , Smith Avi , Garlick Jonathan , O’Brien Fergal J. , Kearney Cathal J.
Published: September 2022

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are chronic wounds sustained by pathological fibroblasts and aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM). Porous collagen‐based scaffolds (CS) have shown clinical promise for treating DFUs but may benefit from functional enhancements. Our previous work showed fibroblasts differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells are an effective source of new ECM mimicking fetal matrix, which notably promotes scar‐free healing. Likewise, functionalizing CS with this rejuvenated ECM shows potential for DFU healing. Herein, an approach to DFU healing is demonstrated for the first time using biopsied cells from DFU patients, reprogramming those cells, and functionalizing CS with patient‐specific ECM as a personalized acellular tissue‐engineered scaffold. A two‐pronged approach is taken: 1) direct ECM blending into scaffold fabrication, and 2) seeding scaffolds with reprogrammed fibroblasts for ECM deposition followed by decellularization. The decellularization approach reduces cell number requirements and maintains naturally deposited ECM proteins. Both approaches show enhanced ECM deposition from DFU fibroblasts. Decellularized scaffolds additionally enhance glycosaminoglycan deposition and subsequent vascularization. Finally, reprogrammed ECM scaffolds from patient‐matched DFU fibroblasts outperform those from healthy fibroblasts in several metrics, suggesting ECM is in fact able to redirect resident pathological fibroblasts in DFUs toward healing, and a patient‐specific ECM signature may be beneficial.
Multifunctional Magnetic Nanoparticles for Dynamic Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Ko Min Jun , Hong Hyunsik , Choi Hyunjun , Kang Heemin , Kim Dong‐Hyun
Published: September 2022

Multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) exhibit unique properties, such as remote motion controllability, degradability, and diagnostic imaging, which are typically not shown in nonmagnetic nanomaterials. MNPs remotely controllable via magnetic fields offer advantages of high tissue penetrability and biocompatibility. In this review, recent advances of multifunctional MNPs exhibiting unique characteristic for therapeutic applications are summarized, which utilize the “dynamic” motion, iron ion degradation, or imaging‐guided targeting of the MNPs under diverse magnetic field modes. The magnetic field‐controlled MNP motion enables spatiotemporal and reversible in situ cell regulation and mechanosensitive molecule modulation or thermal energy generation. Furthermore, the iron‐based MNPs can produce degraded ions and reactive oxygen species to enable targeted ferroptosis therapy with medical imaging‐guided approaches. The state‐of‐the‐art imaging‐guided “dynamic” therapy using the MNPs that can provide in situ feedback at each therapeutic stage is highlighted. Potential hurdles in translating the magnetic dynamic imaging and therapy toward clinical practices are also discussed. The imaging capability of the MNPs during “dynamic” magneto‐cell regulation enables noninvasive, safe, localized, and on‐demand regulation for the state‐of‐the‐art regenerative therapy, immunotherapy, and cancer treatment.
Aggregation‐Dependent Circularly Polarized Luminescence and Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence from Chiral Carbene‐CuI‐Amide Enantiomers
Authors: Ying Ao , Ai Yuhan , Yang Chuluo , Gong Shaolong
Published: September 2022

The field of luminescent carbene‐metal‐amide (CMA) complexes and chiroptical‐active materials has been blossoming in recent years, although chiroptical‐active CMA complexes have not been reported so far. For the first time, a pair of chiral CuI‐based CMA enantiomers, (R,R)‐PSIPr*‐Cu‐DMAC and (S,S)‐PSIPr*‐Cu‐DMAC, have been developed by using chiral phenyl‐substituted N‐heterocyclic carbenes as acceptor ligands in the CMA motif. The CuI‐based CMA enantiomers exhibited aggregation‐induced circularly polarized luminescence with a large luminescence dissymmetry factor of up to +0.027, the first reported for CMA complexes. This success originates from the limited ligand‐ligand rotation freedom and asymmetrical packing pattern (helical structure) of the CMA enantiomers in the crystals. Moreover, these CuI enantiomers displayed inspiring aggregation‐dependent thermally activated delayed fluorescence properties. These findings bring new insights into the optical properties of chiral CMA complexes from the perspective of aggregation states.
Semi‐Solid Superprotonic Supramolecular Polymer Electrolytes Based on Deep Eutectic Solvents and Polyoxometalates
Authors: Guo Haikun , Li Leibo , Xu Xiaolei , Zeng Minghao , Chai Shengchao , Wu Lixin , Li Haolong
Published: September 2022

Supramolecular polymers (SPs) exhibit intriguing benefits in functional soft materials due to their dynamic bonding feature. However, most SPs can only exist in the solution state and fail to form bulk materials, which limits their applications. Here, we report the fabrication of semi‐solid bulk SP materials by using polyoxometalate (POM) nanoclusters as supramolecular cross‐linkers to solidify a deep eutectic solvent (DES). The abundant protons and strong hydrogen bonds afforded by POMs enable these SP materials as superprotonic conductive electrolytes with sufficient mechanical strength, showing a proton conductivity more than 1×10−4 S cm−1 and a breaking strength exceeding 1 MPa at room temperature. Moreover, the thermodynamic reversibility of the SP electrolytes allows them to form a stable electrode‐electrolyte interface by a facile melt‐infiltration strategy upon mild heating, which leads to improved performance in supercapacitors. This work presents an innovative DES/POM hybrid system as a promising platform to develop functional supramolecular materials for energy and electronic applications.
Einzelatomkatalysatoren auf kovalenten Triazinnetzwerken: am Scheidepunkt zwischen homogener und heterogener Katalyse
Authors: Iemhoff Andree , Vennewald Maurice , Palkovits Regina
Published: September 2022

Heterogene Single‐Site‐ und Einzelatom‐Katalysatoren bieten die Möglichkeit, die hohe katalytische Aktivität und Selektivität molekularer Katalysatoren mit dem einfachen kontinuierlichen Betrieb und Recycling fester Katalysatoren zu kombinieren. In den letzten Jahren fanden kovalente Triazinnetzwerke (CTFs) als Trägermaterialien für partikuläre und isolierte Metallspezies zunehmende Beachtung. Sie weisen einen hohen Anteil an Stickstofffunktionalitäten auf und ermöglichen die Koordination molekularer Metallspezies bzw. die Stabilisierung partikulärer Metallspezies. Je nach Synthesemethode und Vorbehandlung der CTFs entstehen Materialien, die gut definierten, hoch vernetzten Polymeren ähneln, oder Materialien, die mit strukturell undefinierten stickstoffhaltigen Kohlenstoffen vergleichbar sind. Dementsprechend dienen CTFs als Modellsysteme, die es ermöglichen, die Wechselwirkung von Single‐Site‐, einzelatomaren und partikulären Metallspezies mit solchen Trägern aufzuklären. Faktoren, die den Übergang zwischen molekularen und partikulären Systemen beeinflussen, werden diskutiert, um die Grundlage zur Entwicklung maßgeschneiderter Katalysatorsysteme zu schaffen.
Conformational Effects on the Threading Kinetics of Dumbbell‐Shaped Guests into the Cavity of Oxatub[4]arene
Authors: Jia Fei , Li Dong‐Hao , He Shan , Yang Liu‐Pan , Jiang Wei
Published: September 2022

Unprecedented threading kinetics were revealed between viologen‐based guests and conformationally adaptive oxatub[4]arene. Three representative conformations of oxatub[4]arene are involved in the kinetic and thermodynamic products which follow the opposite orders in their rankings. Consequently, error correction was involved and a complex kinetic process was observed in a simple two‐component system. Moreover, it was found that some viologen‐based guests have much faster threading kinetics than those of DABCO‐based with the same stoppers. This was enabled by an unprecedented threading mechanism in which a tilted conformation of the guests is adopted by involving one linear alkyl group on the 3,5‐dialkoxybenzyl stoppers, the viologen core, and the methylene spacers in the transition states. This new mechanism even allows the viologen‐based guests with the 3,5‐dicetyloxybenzyl stoppers to form a pseudorotaxane with oxatub[4]arene.
A Proton Conductive Porous Framework of an 18‐Crown‐6‐Ether Derivative Networked by Rigid Hydrogen Bonding Modules
Authors: Chen Xin , Huang Rui‐Kang , Takahashi Kiyonori , Noro Shin‐ichiro , Nakamura Takayoshi , Hisaki Ichiro
Published: September 2022

A rigid hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF) was constructed from a C3‐symmetric hexatopic carboxylic acid with a hydrophilic 18‐crown‐6‐ether (18C6) component. Despite the flexible macrocyclic structure with many conformations, the derivative with three 4,4’‐dicarboxy‐o‐terphenyl moieties in the periphery yielded a rigid layered porous framework through directional intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Interestingly, the HOF possesses 1D channels with bottleneck composed of 18C6 rings. The HOF shows proton conductivity (1.12×10−7 S cm−1) through Grotthuss mechanism (Ea=0.27 eV) under 98 %RH. The present unique water channel structure provides an inspiration to create molecular porous materials.
Redox‐Regulated Conformational Change of Disulfide‐Rich Assembling Peptides
Authors: Dong Huilei , Wang Mingshui , Fan Shihui , Wu Chuanliu , Zhang Chunhui , Wu Xia , Xue Bin , Cao Yi , Deng Junjie , Yuan Dan , Shi Junfeng
Published: September 2022

Disulfide bond formation is a common mechanism for regulating conformational changes in proteins during oxidative folding. Despite extensive studies of the use of multiple disulfide bonds to constrain peptide conformation, few studies have explored their usage in developing self‐assembling peptides. Herein, we report that a thiol‐rich peptide could fold into an amphiphilic β‐hairpin conformation through the formation of two hetero‐disulfide bonds upon oxidation, subsequently self‐assembling into a mechanically rigid hydrogel. Breaking disulfide bonds under reductive condition, the hydrogel exhibited a transition from hydrogel to solution. Molecular simulation revealed that intermolecular interaction between two tryptophan residues was indispensable for hydrogelation. This work is the first case of the use of multiple disulfide bonds to control conformational change and self‐assembly, and provides a cell‐compatible hydrogel material for potential biomedical application.
Bladder neck size and its association with urinary continence after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Kohjimoto Yasuo , Higuchi Masatoshi , Yamashita Shimpei , Kikkawa Kazuro , Hara Isao
Published: September 2022

Objectives

This study aims to determine whether bladder neck size (BNS) measured during surgery is associated with urinary continence after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy.

Patients and Methods

Between June 2015 and March 2019, 365 consecutive eligible patients undergoing robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy were enrolled into a prospective observational cohort study. The primary outcome was patient‐reported urinary continence status at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively, with continence defined as 0 pad/day. The primary exposure was BNS (largest diameter) measured intraoperatively just before performance of vesicourethral anastomosis. Other covariates included age, body mass index, NCCN risk category, nerve‐sparing, membranous urethral length measured intraoperatively and weight of the resected specimen.

Results

Well‐preserved neurovascular bundle (bilateral/unilateral/none) was highly correlated with urinary continence status at every point after surgery. No difference could be seen between the group with BNS ≤17 mm and the >17‐mm group at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery, but there was better urinary rate of continence in narrow BNS group (≤17 mm) at 12 and 24 months after surgery. Multivariate analysis showed both nerve sparing and bladder neck diameter to be independent factors affecting urinary continence at 12 and 24 months after surgery.

Conclusion

Preservation of neurovascular bundles was associated with better urinary continence after surgery. Smaller BNS was associated with better urinary continence in late stages after surgery (12–24 months after surgery).
Lipid metabolism in pancreatic cancer: emerging roles and potential targets
Authors: Yin Xinpeng , Xu Ruiyuan , Song Jianlu , Ruze Rexiati , Chen Yuan , Wang Chengcheng , Xu Qiang
Published: September 2022

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most serious health issues in developed and developing countries, with a 5‐year overall survival rate currently <9%. Patients typically present with advanced disease due to vague symptoms or lack of screening for early cancer detection. Surgical resection represents the only chance for cure, but treatment options are limited for advanced diseases, such as distant metastatic or locally progressive tumors. Although adjuvant chemotherapy has improved long‐term outcomes in advanced cancer patients, its response rate is low. So, exploring other new treatments is urgent. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that lipid metabolism can support tumorigenesis and disease progression as well as treatment resistance through enhanced lipid synthesis, storage, and catabolism. Therefore, a better understanding of lipid metabolism networks may provide novel and promising strategies for early diagnosis, prognosis estimation, and targeted therapy for pancreatic cancer patients. In this review, we first enumerate and discuss current knowledge about the advances made in understanding the regulation of lipid metabolism in pancreatic cancer. In addition, we summarize preclinical studies and clinical trials with drugs targeting lipid metabolic systems in pancreatic cancer. Finally, we highlight the challenges and opportunities for targeting lipid metabolism pathways through precision therapies in pancreatic cancer.
Gaps in the screening process for women diagnosed with cervical cancer in four diverse US health care settings
Authors: Chao Chun R. , Chubak Jessica , Beaber Elisabeth F. , Kamineni Aruna , Mao Connie , Silverberg Michael J. , Tiro Jasmin A. , Skinner Celette , Garcia Michael , Corley Douglas A. , Winer Rachel L. , Raine‐Bennett Tina , Feldman Sarah , Wheeler Cosette M.
Published: September 2022

Background

Potential care gaps in the cervical cancer screening process among women diagnosed with cervical cancer in an era with increased human papillomavirus (HPV) testing have not been extensively evaluated.

Methods

Women diagnosed with cervical cancer between ages 21 and 65 at four study sites between 2010 and 2014 were included. Screening histories were ascertained from 0.5 to 4 years prior to cervical cancer diagnosis. We identified potential care gaps in the screening history for each woman and classified them into one of three mutually exclusive types: lack of a screening test, screening test failure, and diagnostic/treatment care gap. Distributions of care gaps were tabulated by stage, histology, and study site. Multivariable nominal logistic regression was used to examine the associations between demographic and cancer characteristics and type of care gap.

Results

Of 499 women evaluated, 46% lacked a screening test in the time window examined, 31% experienced a screening test failure, and 22% experienced a diagnostic/treatment care gap. More than half of the women with advanced cancer and squamous cell carcinoma lacked a screening test compared to 31% and 24% of women with localized cancer and adenocarcinoma, respectively. Women aged 21–29 at diagnosis were more likely to experience screening test failure and diagnostic/treatment care gap, while those aged 50–65 were more likely to lack a screening test, compared to women aged 30–39.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate a continuing need to develop interventions targeting unscreened and under‐screened women and improve detection and diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in women undergoing cervical cancer screening and diagnostic follow‐up.
New Transmission‐Selective Antimalarial Agents through Hit‐to‐Lead Optimization of 2‐([1,1′‐Biphenyl]‐4‐carboxamido)benzoic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Reader Janette , Opperman Daniel F. L. , van der Watt Mariëtte E. , Theron Anjo , Leshabane Meta , da Rocha Shanté , Turner Jonathan , Garrabrant Kathleen , Piña Ivett , Mills Catherine , Woster Patrick M. , Birkholtz Lyn‐Marié
Published: September 2022

Malaria elimination requires multipronged approaches, including the application of antimalarial drugs able to block human‐to‐mosquito transmission of malaria parasites. The transmissible gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum seem to be highly sensitive towards epidrugs, particularly those targeting demethylation of histone post‐translational marks. Here, we report exploration of compounds from a chemical library generated during hit‐to‐lead optimization of inhibitors of the human histone lysine demethylase, KDM4B. Derivatives of 2‐([1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐carboxamido) benzoic acid, around either the amide or a sulfonamide linker backbone (2‐(arylcarboxamido)benzoic acid, 2‐carboxamide (arylsulfonamido)benzoic acid and N‐(2‐(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)phenyl)‐arylcarboxamide), showed potent activity towards late‐stage gametocytes (stage IV/V) of P. falciparum, with the most potent compound reaching single digit nanomolar activity. Structure‐activity relationship trends were evident and frontrunner compounds also displayed microsomal stability and favourable solubility profiles. Simplified synthetic routes support further derivatization of these compounds for further development of these series as malaria transmission‐blocking agents.
Predictors of 30‐day and 12‐month mortality in left main stem percutaneous coronary intervention 2016−2020: A study from two UK centers
Authors: Carande Elliott J. , Protty Majd B. , Verhemel Sarah , Hussein Mohammed H. , Raman Ajay S. , UlHaq Zia , Bundhoo Shantu , Cullen James , Ionescu Adrian , Choudhury Anirban , Hussain Hussain I. , Hailan Ahmed
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Left main stem percutaneous coronary intervention (LMS‐PCI) is a complex high‐risk procedure which can be performed as an alternative to coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedure in surgical turn‐down patients or where there is equipoise in percutaneous versus surgical strategies. Current guidelines suggest that PCI is an appropriate alternative to CABG in patients with unprotected LMS disease and low SYNTAX score. However, “real world” data on outcomes of LMS‐PCI remain limited. This study aims to quantify and determine predictors of mortality following LMS‐PCI.

Methods

Using local coronary angioplasty registries from two UK centers, all LMS‐PCI cases were identified from 2016 to 2020. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the association between baseline and procedural characteristics with 30‐day and 12‐month mortality.

Results

We identified 484 cases of LMS‐PCI between 2016 and 2020. There was a year‐on‐year increase in the number of LMS‐PCI, the highest being in 2020. Covariates associated with higher 30‐day mortality were age (OR 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02−1.12) and shock preprocedure (OR 23.88, 95% CI: 7.90−72.20). Covariates associated with higher 12‐month mortality were age (OR 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01−1.08), acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (OR 2.50, 95% CI: 1.08−5.80), renal disease (OR 5.24, 95% CI: 1.47−18.68), and shock preprocedure (OR 7.93, 95% CI: 3.30−19.05). Overall, 30‐day and 12‐month mortality in this contemporary data set were 9.5% and 16.7%, respectively, with significantly lower rates in elective cases (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Older age and cardiogenic shock preprocedure were associated with increased 30‐day mortality after LMS‐PCI. Twelve‐month mortality was associated with older age, ACS presentation, preexisting renal disease, and cardiogenic shock preprocedure.
IgG4‐related disease associated with the primary manifestation of recurrent cerebral venous thrombosis: A rare case report
Authors: Haj Mohamad Ebrahim Ketabforoush Arsh , Bahadorinia Mahsa , Dolatshahi Elahe , Nozarian Zohreh , Abbasi Khoshsirat Nahid
Published: September 2022

Nervous system involvement in IgG4‐related systemic disease (IgG4‐RD) is rarely reported and manifests as hypertrophic pachymeningitis and hypophysitis. In this report, a 33‐year‐old woman with neurological manifestations was diagnosed with IgG4‐RD by biopsy. The patient showed improvement in symptoms after treatment.
Oral erythema multiforme related to bronchodilators intake: A report of a case
Authors: Garma Maroua , Sioud Sameh , Omami Mounir , Slim Afef , Abdellatif Chokri , Selmi Jamil
Published: September 2022

Erythema multiforme is a reactive inflammatory mucocutaneous disorder. It is classified into three groups: erythema multiforme minor, major, and oral erythema multiforme. The oral mucosa is mostly involved. The etiology of this lesion varied from bacterial, viral, or fungal infection to drug reaction. The aim was to report a case of oral erythema multiforme related to drug intake, in order to highlight clinical and histological features in addition to therapeutic modalities of drug‐induced oral erythema multiforme. A 74‐year‐old female patient consulted for painful ulcerations in the oral cavity, associated with burning sensation and inability to eat or swallow for the past 8 days. After detailed anamnesis and clinical examination, the diagnosis of oral erythema multiforme related to drug intake was retained. Oral erythema multiforme is a benign inflammatory disorder involving the oral mucosa with pathognomonic clinical and histological features. It may result from viral, bacterial, or fungal infection and from drug intake reaction. The interruption of the implicated molecule associated with symptomatic treatment is the principal therapeutic modalities.
Peutz–Jeghers syndrome revealed by recurrent small bowel intussusceptions in children: A case report
Authors: Rahma Chtourou , Najoua Ben Kraiem , Mohamed Zouari , Manel Mellouli , Rim Dghaies , Mahdi Ben Dhaou , Tahya Sellami Boudawara , Riadh Mhiri
Published: September 2022

Peutz–Jeghers syndrome is a rare but potentially life‐threating syndrome. We report here the case of a young girl who presented recurrent small bowel intussusceptions. Laparotomy exploration showed many jejunal polyps leading to jejunojejunal intussusceptions. These were removed via mini enterotomies and pathological examination concluded to Peutz–Jeghers polyps.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Vibegron 75 mg Administered as an Intact or Crushed Tablet in Healthy Adults
Authors: King Jennifer , Walker Ann , Aikin Dorothy , Haag‐Molkenteller Cornelia , Kankam Martin
Published: September 2022

Oral pharmacotherapy for overactive bladder, a condition that increases with age, includes anticholinergics and β3‐adrenergic receptor agonists. Older adults, including those with dysphagia, may have difficulty swallowing tablets. In this phase 1 study in healthy adults, we assessed the pharmacokinetic profile of the β3‐adrenergic receptor agonist vibegron administered as a single 75‐mg dose as an intact tablet versus crushed and mixed with applesauce. Additional end points included safety (assessed by adverse events), perception of taste (assessed via questionnaire), and stability over 4 hours after crushing and mixing in applesauce (assessed by chromatography). Overall, 30 participants were randomized, and 29 were included in the pharmacokinetic analysis. Crushing a vibegron tablet and mixing with applesauce decreased vibegron maximum observed plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to infinity by ≈30% and ≈10%, respectively; however, these decreases were not considered clinically significant. Treatment‐emergent adverse events were reported in 16 (53.3%) participants. Approximately half of participants reported the vibegron and applesauce mixture tasted as expected; of those reporting the taste was different than expected, 50% reported the taste as bitter. The mixture was stable for 4 hours in applesauce. The results of this study showed that crushing and administering vibegron with applesauce may be an appropriate option for patients with overactive bladder and swallowing difficulties.
Time series data augmentation method of small sample based on optimized generative adversarial network
Authors: Liu Dongsheng , Wu Yuting , Hong Deyan , Wang Siting
Published: September 2022

In the time series classification task, for the problem that small samples have difficulty in capturing sequence features cause deep learning models have low classification accuracy. This article proposes a time series data augmentation method based on gated recurrent unit (GRU)‐convolutional neural network (CNN) structure of generative adversarial network, denoted as GC‐GAN. Specifically, the structure of GRU network in series with CNN is used as the generator of GAN model, while the discriminator part uses two‐layer convolution network. In order to avoid the disappearance of gradient, Wasserstein distance is used to measure the distance between the generated distribution and the true distribution, and penalties are introduced in the loss function. Finally, the particle swarm algorithm is used to optimize the hidden variable input of the generator to approximate the real sequence to the greatest extent and obtain the best sample. The experimental results on the UCR time series dataset show that the long short‐term memory network classification accuracy has been effectively improved after using the GC‐GAN model, with a maximum improvement of 4.4%, indicating that the method proposed in this article has better data augmentation capabilities.
X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy for the Characterization of Photoinduced Linkage Isomers in Single Crystals: Experimental Setup and XANES Results**
Authors: Kamgne Duclair Tchana , Sendja Bridinette Thiodjio , de Souza Danilo Oliveira , Woike Theo , Aquilanti Giuliana , Schaniel Dominik
Published: September 2022

Photoinduced linkage isomers (PLI) of the nitrosyl ligand in single crystals of Na2[Fe(CN)5NO] ⋅ 2H2O (SNP, sodium nitroprusside) have been studied by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at low temperatures, using a cryostat allowing in‐situ polarized LASER irradiation and XAS measurements. In the XANES (X‐ray absorption near edge structure) region a significant modification of the pre‐edge peak intensities is observed after irradiation of the ground state (GS) nitrosyl NO‐κN isomer with light in the blue and infrared spectral range, used for the generation of the isonitrosyl NO‐κO isomer (MS1) and the side‐on bound κ2N,O isomer (MS2), respectively. These observations are interpreted with respect to the changes in the nature of the frontier (unoccupied) molecular orbitals of the different linkage isomer configurations, expected from earlier calculations.
Precision medicine and personalized approach in vitiligo
Authors: Ahuja Rhea , Narayanan B. , Gupta Somesh
Published: September 2022

Precision medicine involves stratification of patients based on clinical, lifestyle, genetic, and biomarker information to decide further treatment and prognosticate, moving beyond classical “signs‐and‐symptoms” approach. This evolving concept is gaining ground in the management of various dermatological diseases like psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria and pemphigus; however it is relatively in its infancy with respect to its application in vitiligo. This review aims to highlight the role of precision medicine in vitiligo, with a focus on genetic makeup, immunological factors, clinical subtypes, disease biomarkers, and dermoscopic signs in predicting therapeutic response to medical or surgical modalities, including light therapy.
Epigaeic spider response to sagebrush steppe restoration treatments
Authors: McIver James D. , Brandt Ruth
Published: September 2022

Epigaeic (ground‐active) spiders are dominant predators of arthropods and are important prey for vertebrates in sagebrush steppe systems. As part of the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP), the response of epigaeic spiders to sagebrush steppe restoration treatments was evaluated. Spiders were pitfall trapped pre‐treatment and for up to 7 years post‐treatment at 20 sites in the interior western United States. Spider species, functional groups, and communities were analyzed as regards site conditions and in response to treatments (prescribed fire, mechanical, and herbicide) designed to restore sagebrush steppe lands encroached by piñon–juniper woodlands (Pinus and Juniperus spp.) and invaded by cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum). A total of 10,149 epigaeic spiders were caught during the 8‐year sampling period (2006–2014), comprising 18 families, 51 genera, and 109 species. Ten species are currently undescribed, including two species of jumping spiders (Salticidae), two species of funnel spiders (Agelenidae), and a species of trapdoor spider (Euctenizidae). Nearly 70% of adult catch comprised the 10 most commonly collected species; 50 species were caught fewer than five times. Spiders of the family Gnaphosidae (ground spiders) dominated the collection (65% of adults), followed by wolf spiders (Lycosidae; 12%), jumping spiders (8%), and crab spiders (Thomisidae; 4%). Fewer gnaphosids were caught in plots with higher tree cover, and this pattern was reversed by tree removal. There was no significant epigaeic spider response to the broadleaf herbicide tebuthiuron, nor to mowing or clear‐cutting. Mastication caused a subtle increase in epigaeic spider richness at Utah juniper sites. Prescribed fire decreased abundance and richness of epigaeic spiders in the short term (1 year post‐treatment), with catch at most sites converging to control levels by Year 2 post‐treatment; application of the annual herbicide imazapic at treeless sites may have amplified this effect slightly in the short term. In general, gnaphosid catch and richness closely paralleled litter and bunchgrass cover. These patterns suggest that while gnaphosid spiders are not sagebrush‐obligate species per se, these spiders prefer habitat conditions that provide more hiding cover, in the form of litter and vegetation, found more often in treeless sagebrush steppe plant communities and in woodland communities that have relatively lower tree cover.
Negative effects of agricultural intensification on the food provisioning rate of a declining aerial insectivore
Authors: Garrett Daniel R. , Pelletier Fanie , Garant Dany , Bélisle Marc
Published: September 2022

The historical rise of intensive agricultural practices is hypothesized to be related to declines of grassland and aerial insectivorous birds. Drivers of declines may also influence the overall abundance and spatial distribution of insects within agricultural landscapes. Subsequently, the food provisioning rate of birds breeding within more agro‐intensive landscapes may be impacted. Lower provisioning rates in agro‐intensive landscapes may lead not only to reduced growth rate, body condition, or fledging success of nestlings but also to diminished body condition of food provisioning adults. Results from a previous study supported this hypothesis as the fledging success and proxies of nestling body condition were lowest for an aerial insectivore breeding in more agro‐intensive landscapes. Of the multiple hypotheses put forward to explain these correlations, one mechanism may act through variation in food provisioning rates. In this study, we expounded on this hypothesis using data derived from the aforementioned study system and assessed if provisioning rates to nestlings and food provisioning behavior of adults varied across a gradient of agricultural intensification in a declining aerial insectivore, the Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor). We found that the hourly provisioning rate was lower in agro‐intensive landscapes, and yet travel distances were longest within less agro‐intensive landscapes. Our results highlight that, in order to maximize long‐term average gain rates, Tree Swallows breeding within agro‐intensive landscapes must forage with greater intensity, perhaps at a cost to themselves, or else costs will transfer to growing broods. Our work provides further evidence that agricultural intensification on the breeding grounds can contribute to the declines of aerial insectivores in part through a trophic pathway.
The circulation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum ecotypes is associated with community composition of vertebrate hosts
Authors: Fabri Nannet Doreen , Sprong Hein , Heesterbeek Hans , Ecke Frauke , Cromsigt Joris Petrus Gerardus Marinus , Hofmeester Tim Ragnvald
Published: September 2022

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a tick‐borne pathogen that has been detected in many tick and vertebrate species. It is among the most widespread tick‐borne pathogens in animals in Europe. The bacterium can be genetically divided into four ecotypes, which are linked to distinct but overlapping host species. However, knowledge about the transmission dynamics of the enzootic cycles of the different ecotypes is limited. Here, we quantified the link between the ecotypes of A. phagocytophilum, the different life stages of the tick Ixodes ricinus, and vertebrate host groups through a meta‐analysis. We extracted data on the mean I. ricinus burden and the A. phagocytophilum infection prevalence in both hosts and feeding I. ricinus from 197 papers on 77 wildlife species. With this information, we modeled the relative importance of different host taxonomic groups for the circulation of the different ecotypes of A. phagocytophilum in a theoretical assemblage of hosts with varying presence of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and densities of small mammals. We showed that the composition of the vertebrate community affects the relative abundance of different ecotypes of A. phagocytophilum in the different life stages of I. ricinus. The presence of red deer is likely to increase the infection prevalence of Ecotype 1 in ticks, while small mammal densities drive the prevalence in ticks of mainly Ecotype 3, and to a lesser extent Ecotype 1. In Europe, vertebrate communities are changing, with an increase in red deer abundance and changes in the population dynamics of small mammals. Our results suggest that these changes could imply an increase in the circulation of A. phagocytophilum and thus an increase in the risk for public and veterinary health.
Potassium management with finerenone: Practical aspects
Authors: Wanner Christoph , Fioretto Paola , Kovesdy Csaba P. , Malyszko Jolanta , Pecoits‐Filho Roberto , Schnell Oliver , Rossignol Patrick
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Finerenone, a selective nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, has favourable effects on cardiorenal outcomes in patients with mild‐to‐severe chronic kidney disease with increased albuminuria and type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Two large, randomized trials have evaluated the effects of finerenone on clinical outcomes. The first trial (FIDELIO‐DKD) investigated renal outcomes, and the second (FIGARO‐DKD) cardiovascular outcomes.

Results

Patients in the two studies had a high intrinsic risk of hyperkalemia due to type 2 diabetes, treatment with optimized doses of an inhibitor of the renin‐angiotensin system, and, in some patients, their advanced chronic kidney disease. This was reflected in the incidence of hyperkalemia in the placebo group during the trials. Patients on finerenone had a significantly higher incidence of hyperkalemia compared with patients on placebo, but treatment discontinuation due to hyperkalemia was low, and no patients experienced death attributable to hyperkalemia. Structured routine potassium monitoring with temporary treatment interruption and dose reduction, as used in the two trials, should ensure the safe use of finerenone to protect the kidneys and cardiovascular system of patients with albuminuric chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes.

Conclusions

The aim of this document is to highlight the routine potassium management required when using finerenone and to provide practical recommendations.
Type I interferon receptor signalling deficiency results in dysregulated innate immune responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 in mice
Authors: Ogger Patricia P. , Garcia Martín Minerva , Michalaki Christina , Zhou Jie , Brown Jonathan C. , Du Yue , Miah Kamran M. , Habib Omar , Hyde Stephen C. , Gill Deborah R. , Barclay Wendy S. , Johansson Cecilia
Published: September 2022

SARS‐CoV‐2 is a newly emerged coronavirus, causing the global pandemic of respiratory coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). The type I interferon (IFN) pathway is of particular importance for anti‐viral defense and recent studies identified that type I IFNs drive early inflammatory responses to SARS‐CoV‐2. Here, we use a mouse model of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, facilitating viral entry by intranasal recombinant Adeno‐Associated Virus (rAAV) transduction of hACE2 in wildtype (WT) and type I IFN receptor‐1 deficient (Ifnar1–/–) mice, to study the role of type I IFN signalling and innate immune responses during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Our data show that type I IFN signalling is essential for inducing anti‐viral effector responses to SARS‐CoV‐2, control of virus replication, and to prevent enhanced disease. Furthermore, hACE2‐Ifnar1–/– mice had increased gene expression of the chemokine Cxcl1 and airway infiltration of neutrophils as well as reduced and delayed production of monocyte‐recruiting chemokine CCL2. hACE2‐Ifnar1–/– mice showed altered recruitment of inflammatory myeloid cells to the lung upon SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, with a shift from Ly6C+ to Ly6C– expressing cells. Together, our findings suggest that type I IFN signalling deficiency results in a dysregulated innate immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks with Organic Photosensitizers in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Cheng Shengxian , Tang Jiayue , Quan Yangjian
Published: September 2022

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), bridging metal‐containing second building units by organic ligands, have provided a versatile platform for the design of heterogeneous catalysis. In the last decade, various photo‐responsible MOFs have been designed and prepared, exhibiting outperformed catalytic performance. Among them, MOFs featuring organic photosensitizers for photoinduced organic transformations remain less investigated, due probably to the large steric demands and low symmetry of typical organic dyes. In view of the promising potential of integrating versatile MOFs with organic photosensitizers, this Concept summarizes recent advances in this research area.
Investigation of the Performance and Recession Mechanisms of High‐Nickel Ternary Lithium‐Ion Batteries Under Artificial Aging Discharge Rates
Authors: Zheng Honghong , Li Xinxi , Huang Zan , Yang Xiaoqing , Deng Jianhui , Zhang Guoqing , Tang Xianwen
Published: September 2022

Using a series of electrochemical performance tests and post‐mortem analysis, herein, the performance and aging mechanisms of high‐nickel lithium‐ion batteries after accelerated aging at different discharge rates are investigated. The results show that the loss of lithium ions and the generation of a solid electrolyte interphase are the main causes for capacity fading at relatively low aging discharge rates. When the aging rate increases to 3 C, the performance of the battery deteriorates significantly, and structural damage becomes the main reason for attenuation, which means that the aging mechanism changed. It is expected that this investigation will improve the safety performance of the retired high‐nickel ternary lithium batteries.
From Cathodes to Conductive Pastes: A New Perspective into the Recycle of Silver Element
Authors: Zhou Qisheng , Zhang Meng , Shang Mengya , Zhang Hanlu , Cai Shichang
Published: September 2022

Silver is needed for various energy storage or conversion devices involving batteries and solar cells. Herein, a method for recycling silver elements from Mg/AgCl batteries to heterojunction solar cells is reported. A surfactant‐assisted solvothermal route is presented to synthesize AgCl polyhedral microparticles in ethylene glycol at 160 °C. Some AgCl are reduced to Ag after electron irradiation. The AgCl–Ag hybrid materials can be utilized as aqueous magnesium battery‐conductive additive‐free cathodes and deliver a high power density of 14 mW cm−2 at 10 mA cm−2. Ag nanoparticles (NPs) with a diameter in the range of 50–200 nm are obtained through the discharge reaction of AgCl cathodes. Benefiting from their excellent filling and sintering effects, the introduction of Ag NPs significantly improves the conductivity of silver pastes, whose resistivity and contact resistance are decreased by 67% and 68%, respectively. Solar cells that use the previous silver pastes are shown to promote a ≈1.2 times increase in power conversion efficiency and achieve 25.13%. The increased electricity generation is estimated to reach 66 kW h m−2 every year.
Spatiotemporal modeling of mature‐at‐length data using a sliding window approach
Authors: Yan Yuan , Cantoni Eva , Field Chris , Treble Margaret , Mills Flemming Joanna
Published: September 2022

Assessing maturity status of fish and invertebrate species is important for understanding population dynamics with results (e.g., estimates of reproductive potential) often used to inform fisheries management strategies (e.g., the setting of minimum legal size requirements for fishing). Maturity rates may vary substantially across a population's range, as well as between years. In addition, maturity data are typically obtained from fisheries‐independent surveys that may be incomplete (or missing) from year to year. Here we propose a spatial generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) framework for maturity data that includes spatially correlated random effects to address variations in space, and a sliding window approach to deal with unbalanced maturity data in both space and time. We demonstrate, with both real data and a simulation study, that this combined approach results in unbiased estimates of important growth parameters. Results of using our spatial GLMM framework with Greenland halibut (Rheinhardtius hippoglossoides) mature‐at‐length data from surveys of the eastern Canadian Arctic show that females mature at a much larger size than do males. The length at which 50% of the stock is mature () is found to be higher in Baffin Bay compared to Davis Strait, and a declining trend in the in recent years is revealed for both sexes. Our proposed methodology extends far beyond our current application in being useful for analyzing unbalanced spatiotemporal data from an array of diverse scientific fields.