bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shift from a Zero-COVID strategy to a New-normal strategy for controlling SARS-COV-2 infections in Vietnam
Authors: Toan Do Thi Thanh , Pham Thanh Hai , Nguyen Khanh Cong , Pham Quang Thai , Ha Quoc Doanh , Nguyen Hoa L. , Goldberg Robert J. , Pham Loc Quang , Le Giang Minh , Nguyen Tu Khac , Tran Van Khanh , Ta Van Thanh
Published: July 2023

The aim of this study is to analyse the changing patterns in the transmission of COVID-19 in relation to changes in Vietnamese governmental policies, based on epidemiological data and policy actions in a large Vietnamese province, Bac Ninh, in 2021. Data on confirmed cases from January to December 2021 were collected, together with policy documents. There were three distinct periods of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bac Ninh province during 2021. During the first period, referred to as the ‘Zero-COVID’ period (01/04–07/04/2021), there was a low population vaccination rate, with less than 25% of the population receiving its first vaccine dose. Measures implemented during this period focused on domestic movement restrictions, mask mandates, and screening efforts to control the spread of the virus. The subsequent period, referred to as the ‘Transition’ period (07/05–10/22/2021), witnessed a significant increase in population vaccination coverage, with 80% of the population receiving their first vaccine dose. During this period, several days passed without any reported COVID-19 cases in the community. The local government implemented measures to manage domestic actions and reduce the time spent in quarantine, and encouraged home quarantining for the close contacts of cases with COVID-19. Finally, the ‘New-normal’ stage (10/23–12/31/2021), during which the population vaccination coverage with a second vaccine dose increased to 70%, and most of the mandates for the prevention and control of COVID-19 were reduced. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of governmental policies in managing and controlling the transmission of COVID-19 and provides insights for developing realistic and context-specific strategies in similar settings.
Time-lagged associations between two adverse childhood experiences and later-life cognitive function through educational attainment and stroke
Authors: Kraal A. Zarina , Zaheed Afsara B. , Krasnova Anna , Vadari Harita , Byrd DeAnnah R. , Zahodne Laura B.
Published: July 2023

Objective:

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with worse cognitive health in older adulthood. This study aimed to extend findings on the specificity, persistence, and pathways of associations between two ACEs and cognition by using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and a time-lagged mediation design.

Method:

Participants were 3304 older adults in the Health and Retirement Study Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol. Participants retrospectively reported whether they were exposed to parental substance abuse or experienced parental physical abuse before age 18. Factor scores derived from a battery of 13 neuropsychological tests indexed cognitive domains of episodic memory, executive functioning, processing speed, language, and visuospatial function. Structural equation models examined self-reported years of education and stroke as mediators, controlling for sociodemographics and childhood socioeconomic status.

Results:

Parental substance abuse in childhood was associated with worse later-life cognitive function across all domains, in part via pathways involving educational attainment and stroke. Parental physical abuse was associated with worse cognitive outcomes via stroke independent of education.

Conclusions:

This national longitudinal study in the United States provides evidence for broad and persistent indirect associations between two ACEs and cognitive aging via differential pathways involving educational attainment and stroke. Future research should examine additional ACEs and mechanisms as well as moderators of these associations to better understand points of intervention.
MODELLING MICROWAVES IN BAUXITE
Authors: PAEA LATA I. , PAEA SIONE , MCGUINNESS MARK J.
Published: July 2023

Sending microwaves through bauxite ore allows almost continuous measurement of moisture content during offload by conveyor belt from a ship. Data and results from a microwave analyser were brought to a European Study Group with Industry at the University of Limerick, with the over-arching question of whether the results are accurate enough. The analyser equipment uses linear regression against phase shifts and signal attenuation to infer moisture content in real time. Simple initial modelling conducted during the Study Group supports this use of linear regression for phase shift data. However, that work also revealed striking and puzzling differences between model and attenuation data.

We present an improved model that allows for multiple reflections of travelling microwaves within the bauxite and in the air above it. Our new model uses four differential equations to describe how electric fields change with distance in each of four layers. By solving these equations and taking reflections into account, we can accurately predict what the receiving antenna will pick up.

Our new solution provides much-improved matches to data from the microwave analyser, and indicates the deleterious effects of reflections. Modelled signal strength behaviour features a highly undesirable noninvertible dependence on bauxite mixture permittivity.

Practical measures that might be expected to reduce the effects of microwave reflections and improve the accuracy of microwave analyser results are suggested based on our improved model solution. This modelling approach and these results are anticipated to extend to the analysis of moisture content during transport on conveyor belts of other ores, slurries, coal, grains and pharmaceutical powders, especially when the depth of the conveyed material is variable.
Citizen Science Observation of a Gamma‐Ray Glow Associated With the Initiation of a Lightning Flash
Authors: Tsurumi M. , Enoto T. , Ikkatai Y. , Wu T. , Wang D. , Shinoda T. , Nakazawa K. , Tsuji N. , Diniz G. S. , Kataoka J. , Koshikawa N. , Iwashita R. , Kamogawa M. , Takagaki T. , Miyake S. , Tomioka D. , Morimoto T. , Nakamura Y. , Tsuchiya H.
Published: July 2023

Gamma‐ray glows are observational evidence of relativistic electron acceleration due to the electric field in thunderclouds. However, it is yet to be understood whether such relativistic electrons contribute to the initiation of lightning discharges. To tackle this question, we started the citizen science “Thundercloud Project,” where we map radiation measurements of glows from winter thunderclouds along Japan's sea coast area. We developed and deployed 58 compact gamma‐ray monitors at the end of 2021. On 30 December 2021, five monitors simultaneously detected a glow with its radiation distribution horizontally extending for 2 km. The glow terminated coinciding with a lightning flash at 04:08:34 JST, which was recorded by the two radio‐band lightning mapping systems, FALMA and DALMA. The initial discharges during the preliminary breakdown started above the glow, that is, in vicinity of the electron acceleration site. This result provides one example of possible connections between electron acceleration and lightning initiation.
Atypical cortical networks in children at high-genetic risk of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Doherty Joanne L. , Cunningham Adam C. , Chawner Samuel J. R. A. , Moss Hayley M. , Dima Diana C. , Linden David E. J. , Owen Michael J. , van den Bree Marianne B. M. , Singh Krish D.
Published: July 2023

Although many genetic risk factors for psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders have been identified, the neurobiological route from genetic risk to neuropsychiatric outcome remains unclear. 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a copy number variant (CNV) syndrome associated with high rates of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and schizophrenia. Alterations in neural integration and cortical connectivity have been linked to the spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders seen in 22q11.2DS and may be a mechanism by which the CNV acts to increase risk. In this study, magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to investigate electrophysiological markers of local and global network function in 34 children with 22q11.2DS and 25 controls aged 10–17 years old. Resting-state oscillatory activity and functional connectivity across six frequency bands were compared between groups. Regression analyses were used to explore the relationships between these measures, neurodevelopmental symptoms and IQ. Children with 22q11.2DS had altered network activity and connectivity in high and low frequency bands, reflecting modified local and long-range cortical circuitry. Alpha and theta band connectivity were negatively associated with ASD symptoms while frontal high frequency (gamma band) activity was positively associated with ASD symptoms. Alpha band activity was positively associated with cognitive ability. These findings suggest that haploinsufficiency at the 22q11.2 locus impacts short and long-range cortical circuits, which could be a mechanism underlying neurodevelopmental and psychiatric vulnerability in this high-risk group.
Diabetes mellitus and risk of breast cancer: a large-scale, prospective, population-based study
Authors: Xiong Fanxiu , Wang Jingxuan , Nierenberg Jovia L. , Van Blarigan Erin L. , Kenfield Stacey A. , Chan June M. , Schmajuk Gabriela , Huang Chiung-Yu , Graff Rebecca E.
Published: July 2023

Background

The objective of this study was to evaluate associations of diabetes overall, type 1 diabetes (T1D), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) with breast cancer (BCa) risk.

Methods

We included 250,312 women aged 40–69 years between 2006 and 2010 from the UK Biobank cohort. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for associations of diabetes and its two major types with the time from enrollment to incident BCa.

Results

We identified 8182 BCa cases during a median follow-up of 11.1 years. We found no overall association between diabetes and BCa risk (aHR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.92–1.14). When accounting for diabetes subtype, women with T1D had a higher risk of BCa than women without diabetes (aHR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.03–2.23). T2D was not associated with BCa risk overall (aHR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.90–1.12). However, there was a significantly increased risk of BCa in the short time window after T2D diagnosis.

Conclusions

Though we did not find an association between diabetes and BCa risk overall, an increased risk of BCa was observed shortly after T2D diagnosis. In addition, our data suggest that women with T1D may have an increased risk of BCa.
Stanniocalcin 1 promotes lung metastasis of breast cancer by enhancing EGFR–ERK–S100A4 signaling
Authors: Liu Anfei , Li Yunting , Lu Sitong , Cai Chunqing , Zou Fei , Meng Xiaojing
Published: July 2023

Lung metastasis is the leading cause of breast cancer-related death. The tumor microenvironment contributes to the metastatic colonization of tumor cells in the lungs. Tumor secretory factors are important mediators for the adaptation of cancer cells to foreign microenvironments. Here, we report that tumor-secreted stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) promotes the pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer by enhancing the invasiveness of tumor cells and promoting angiogenesis and lung fibroblast activation in the metastatic microenvironment. The results show that STC1 modifies the metastatic microenvironment through its autocrine action on breast cancer cells. Specifically, STC1 upregulates the expression of S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) by facilitating the phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK signaling in breast cancer cells. S100A4 mediates the effect of STC1 on angiogenesis and lung fibroblasts. Importantly, S100A4 knockdown diminishes STC1-induced lung metastasis of breast cancer. Moreover, activated JNK signaling upregulates STC1 expression in breast cancer cells with lung-tropism. Overall, our findings reveal that STC1 plays important role in breast cancer lung metastasis.
High-efficiency targeted transgene integration via primed micro-homologues
Authors: Wang Chenxin , Fang Sen , Chen Yangcan , Tang Na , Jiao Guanyi , Hu Yanping , Li Jing , Shan Qingtong , Wang Xin , Feng Guihai , Zhou Qi , Li Wei
Published: July 2023

Due to the difficulties in precisely manipulating DNA repair pathways, high-fidelity targeted integration of large transgenes triggered by double-strand breaks is inherently inefficient. Here, we exploit prime editors to devise a robust knock-in (KI) strategy named primed micro-homologues-assisted integration (PAINT), which utilizes reverse-transcribed single-stranded micro-homologues to boost targeted KIs in different types of cells. The improved version of PAINT, designated PAINT 3.0, maximizes editing efficiency and minimizes off-target integration, especially in dealing with scarless in-frame KIs. Using PAINT 3.0, we target a reporter transgene into housekeeping genes with editing efficiencies up to 80%, more than 10-fold higher than the traditional homology-directed repair method. Moreover, the use of PAINT 3.0 to insert a 2.5-kb transgene achieves up to 85% KI frequency at several therapeutically relevant genomic loci, suggesting its potential for clinical applications. Finally, PAINT 3.0 enables high-efficiency non-viral genome targeting in primary T cells and produces functional CAR-T cells with specific tumor-killing ability. Thus, we establish that the PAINT method is a powerful gene editing tool for large transgene integrations and may open new avenues for cell and gene therapies and genome writing technologies.
Behavioral decomposition reveals rich encoding structure employed across neocortex in rats
Authors: Mimica Bartul , Tombaz Tuçe , Battistin Claudia , Fuglstad Jingyi Guo , Dunn Benjamin A. , Whitlock Jonathan R.
Published: July 2023

The cortical population code is pervaded by activity patterns evoked by movement, but it remains largely unknown how such signals relate to natural behavior or how they might support processing in sensory cortices where they have been observed. To address this we compared high-density neural recordings across four cortical regions (visual, auditory, somatosensory, motor) in relation to sensory modulation, posture, movement, and ethograms of freely foraging male rats. Momentary actions, such as rearing or turning, were represented ubiquitously and could be decoded from all sampled structures. However, more elementary and continuous features, such as pose and movement, followed region-specific organization, with neurons in visual and auditory cortices preferentially encoding mutually distinct head-orienting features in world-referenced coordinates, and somatosensory and motor cortices principally encoding the trunk and head in egocentric coordinates. The tuning properties of synaptically coupled cells also exhibited connection patterns suggestive of area-specific uses of pose and movement signals, particularly in visual and auditory regions. Together, our results indicate that ongoing behavior is encoded at multiple levels throughout the dorsal cortex, and that low-level features are differentially utilized by different regions to serve locally relevant computations.
Field-free spin-orbit torque switching assisted by in-plane unconventional spin torque in ultrathin [Pt/Co]N
Authors: Xue Fen , Lin Shy-Jay , Song Mingyuan , Hwang William , Klewe Christoph , Lee Chien-Min , Turgut Emrah , Shafer Padraic , Vailionis Arturas , Huang Yen-Lin , Tsai Wilman , Bao Xinyu , Wang Shan X.
Published: July 2023

Electrical manipulation of magnetization without an external magnetic field is critical for the development of advanced non-volatile magnetic-memory technology that can achieve high memory density and low energy consumption. Several recent studies have revealed efficient out-of-plane spin-orbit torques (SOTs) in a variety of materials for field-free type-z SOT switching. Here, we report on the corresponding type-x configuration, showing significant in-plane unconventional spin polarizations from sputtered ultrathin [Pt/Co]N, which are either highly textured on single crystalline MgO substrates or randomly textured on SiO2coated Si substrates. The unconventional spin currents generated in the low-dimensional Co films result from the strong orbital magnetic moment, which has been observed by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurement. Thex-polarized spin torque efficiency reaches up to −0.083 and favors complete field-free switching of CoFeB magnetized along the in-plane charge current direction. Micromagnetic simulations additionally demonstrate its lower switching current than type-y switching, especially in narrow current pulses. Our work provides additional pathways for electrical manipulation of spintronic devices in the pursuit of high-speed, high-density, and low-energy non-volatile memory.
Macrophage lineage cells-derived migrasomes activate complement-dependent blood-brain barrier damage in cerebral amyloid angiopathy mouse model
Authors: Hu Mengyan , Li Tiemei , Ma Xiaomeng , Liu Sanxin , Li Chunyi , Huang Zhenchao , Lin Yinyao , Wu Ruizhen , Wang Shisi , Lu Danli , Lu Tingting , Men Xuejiao , Shen Shishi , Huang Huipeng , Liu Yuxin , Song Kangyu , Jian Banghao , Jiang Yuxuan , Qiu Wei , Liu Quentin , Lu Zhengqi , Cai Wei
Published: July 2023

Accumulation of amyloid beta protein (Aβ) in brain vessels damages blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Macrophage lineage cells scavenge Aβ and produce disease-modifying mediators. Herein, we report that Aβ40-induced macrophage-derived migrasomes are sticky to blood vessels in skin biopsy samples from CAA patients and brain tissue from CAA mouse models (Tg-SwDI/B and 5xFAD mice). We show that CD5L is packed in migrasomes and docked to blood vessels, and that enrichment of CD5L impairs the resistance to complement activation. Increased migrasome-producing capacity of macrophages and membrane attack complex (MAC) in blood are associated with disease severity in both patients and Tg-SwDI/B mice. Of note, complement inhibitory treatment protects against migrasomes-mediated blood-brain barrier injury in Tg-SwDI/B mice. We thus propose that macrophage-derived migrasomes and the consequent complement activation are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in CAA.
Crystal structure of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine derivatives as BRD4 bromodomain inhibitors and structure–activity relationship study
Authors: Kim Jung-Hoon , Pandit Navin , Yoo Miyoun , Park Tae Hyun , Choi Ji U , Park Chi Hoon , Jung Kwan-Young , Lee Byung Il
Published: July 2023

BRD4 contains two tandem bromodomains (BD1 and BD2) that recognize acetylated lysine for epigenetic reading, and these bromodomains are promising therapeutic targets for treating various diseases, including cancers. BRD4 is a well-studied target, and many chemical scaffolds for inhibitors have been developed. Research on the development of BRD4 inhibitors against various diseases is actively being conducted. Herein, we propose a series of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine derivatives as bromodomain inhibitors with micromolar IC50 values. We characterized the binding modes by determining the crystal structures of BD1 in complex with four selected inhibitors. Compounds containing [1,2,4] triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine derivatives offer promising starting molecules for designing potent BRD4 BD inhibitors.
Determination of online thin film buckling configuration by parametric optimization for flexible sensor application
Authors: Kim Yeoun-Jae , Wi Daehan , Kim Jingyu , Choi Jaesoon
Published: July 2023

A mini basket type mapping catheter consists of thin film flexible sensors and is applied in the medical field to measure the electrocardiography (ECG) signals in order to localize and quantize the physiological condition/status of heart. The flexible nature of the thin film changes the configuration with respect to the contact boundary conditions when it contacts a target surface. Therefore, to accurately localize the flexible sensor, the thin film flexible sensor’s configuration must be determined accurately in an on-line fashion. As a study of localizing the thin film flexible sensor, this study proposes an on-line thin film buckling configuration determination method using parametric optimization and interpolation technique. With the specific modulus of elasticity and dimensions of the thin film flexible sensor of the mapping catheter prototype, the buckling configuration with two point boundary condition under axial load can be calculated in desktop environment. The proposed calculation method is validated by mapping catheter sensor prototype test. The calculation/test results showed that the maximum overall length L, x$$_{a}$$

a

, and y$$_{a}$$

a

value error between the calculation and experiment are approximately 0.16 mm, − 0.12 mm. − 0.10 mm in 50 ms calculation time. The calculation result of the proposed method is also compared with that of the numerical simulation by FEM, which has approximately 0.44 mm y$$_{a}$$

a

value error compared with that of the experiment.
Demonstration of cross reaction in hybrid graphene oxide/tantalum dioxide guided mode resonance sensor for selective volatile organic compound
Authors: Tantiwanichapan Khwanchai , Jolivot Romuald , Jomphoak Apichai , Srisuai Nantarat , Chananonnawathorn Chanunthorn , Lertvanithpol Tossaporn , Horprathum Mati , Boonruang Sakoolkan
Published: July 2023

This paper experimentally demonstrates a crossed reaction of pure and hybrid graphene oxide (GO)/tantalum dioxide (TaO2) as a volatile organic compound (VOC) absorber in a guided mode resonance (GMR) sensing platform. The proposed GMR platform has a porous TaO2 film as the main guiding layer, allowing for more molecular adsorption and enhanced sensitivity. GO is applied on top as an additional VOC absorber to increase the selectivity. The hybrid sensing mechanism is introduced by varying the concentration of the GO aqueous solution. The experimental results show that the pure TaO2-GMR has a high tendency to adsorb most of the tested VOC molecules, with the resonance wavelength shifting accordingly to the physical properties of the VOCs (molecular weight, vapor pressure, etc). The largest signal appears in the large molecule such as toluene, and its sensitivity is gradually reduced in the hybrid sensors. At the optimum GO concentration of 3 mg/mL, the hybrid GO/TaO2 -GMR is more sensitive to methanol, while the pure GO sensor coated with GO at 5 mg/mL is highly selective to ammonia. The sensing mechanisms are verified using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) to simulate the molecular absorption, along with the measured functional groups measured on the sensor surface by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The crossed reaction of these sensors is further analyzed by means of machine learning, specifically the principal component analysis (PCA) method and decision tree algorithm. The results show that this sensor is a promising candidate for quantitative and qualitative VOCs detection in sensor array platform.
Linguistic identity as a modulator of gaze cueing of attention
Authors: Lorenzoni Anna , Calignano Giulia , Dalmaso Mario , Navarrete Eduardo
Published: July 2023

Eye-gaze stimuli can elicit orienting of attention in an observer, a phenomenon known as gaze cueing of attention. Here, we explored whether gaze cueing can be shaped by the linguistic identity of the cueing face. In two experiments, participants were first familiarized with different faces together with auditory sentences. Half of the sentences were associated with the native language of the participants (Italian) and the other half with an unknown language (Albanian and Basque, in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively). In a second phase, participants performed a gaze-cueing task. In a third recognition phase, the auditory sentences were presented again, and participants were required to decide which face uttered each sentence. Results indicated that participants were more likely to confuse faces from the same language category than from the other language category. Results of the gaze-cueing task revealed a greater gaze-cueing effect for faces associated with the native vs. unknown language. Critically, this difference emerged only in Experiment 1, which may reflect differences in social status between the two language groups. Our findings revealed the impact of language as a social cue on the gaze-cueing effect, suggesting that social attention is sensitive to the language of our interlocutors.
Isoelectronic aluminum-doped gallium nitride alpha-voltaic cell with efficiency exceeding 4.5%
Authors: Gao Runlong , Liu Linyue , Xia Xiaochuan , Wan Pengying , Ouyang Xiao , Ma Wuying , Geng Xinlei , Wang Hongyun , Xu Ruiliang , Zhang Kexiong , Liang Hongwei , Ouyang Xiaoping
Published: July 2023

Although alpha-voltaic cells have shown great potential in unattended miniaturized systems for compact, long-lifetime and independence of external energy input, the power conversion efficiency of state-of the-art alpha-voltaic cells is still much lower than the theoretical limit. Here, an alpha-voltaic cell based on a gallium nitride transducer with PIN structure is designed and investigated. We find that isoelectronic aluminum-doping is an effective way for boosting the performance of the gallium nitride transducer by decreasing the unintentional doping concentration, deep trap concentration, and dislocation density in the gallium nitride epilayer. The isoelectronic aluminum-doped cell demonstrates a large depletion region of 1.89 μm and a charge collection efficiency of 61.6% at 0 V bias, resulting in a high power conversion efficiency of 4.51%, comparable to the best gallium nitride beta-voltaic cells. This work increases alpha-voltaic cell efficiency, bridging the gap between nuclear micro-batteries and real applications in extreme environments.
Analytical chemistry of carbonyl compounds in indoor air
Authors: Salthammer Tunga
Published: July 2023

Carbonyl compounds relevant for the indoor environment are presented and analytical methods for determining their indoor air concentrations are discussed.
C–H modification of natural products: a minimalist enabling tactic for drug discovery, API processing and bioconjugation
Authors: Sengupta Saumitra , Pabbaraja Srihari , Mehta Goverdhan
Published: July 2023

Examples of C–H modification of natural products as a minimalist enabling tactic to improve pharmacophysical properties are overviewed.
Well-defined surface catalytic sites for solar CO2reduction: heterogenized molecular catalysts and single atom catalysts
Authors: Huang Peipei , Shaaban Ehab , Ahmad Esraa , St. John Allison , Jin Tianqi , Li Gonghu
Published: July 2023

New photocatalysts can be preparedviaheterogenization of molecular complexes and creation of atomically dispersed sites on surfaces. Structural investigation of such surface catalytic sites requires extensive use of spectroscopic techniques.
Chiral phosphoric acids: a chiral lobby for enantioselective C–H activation
Authors: Sumit  , Chandra Devesh , Sharma Upendra
Published: July 2023

Chiral phosphoric acids can interact in different ways with the substrate to induce chirality into the system. This review summarizes the use of chiral phosphoric acids in the exciting field of enantioselective C–H activation.
Ionic covalent organic framework for selective detection and adsorption of TcO4−/ReO4−
Authors: Chen Xiao-Rong , Zhang Cheng-Rong , Liu Xin , Liang Ru-Ping , Qiu Jian-Ding
Published: July 2023

A fluorescent ionic covalent organic framework based on a linked carbazole unit was constructed for sensitive monitoring and efficient capture of TcO4−/ReO4−.
NMN sensor cocktail: selective sensing of nicotinamide mononucleotide over citric acid
Authors: Lee Hong-Guen , Hong Na-Kyeong , Chang Young-Tae
Published: July 2023

A sensor cocktail, composed of two fluorescent dyes, NBD-B2 and Styryl-51F, selectively senses nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) over citric acid through their ratiometric fluorescence changes.
Photo-enhanced electrochemical and colorimetric dual-modal aptasensing for aflatoxin B1 detection based on graphene–gold Schottky contact
Authors: Wei Ya , Li Yuye , Liu Shuda , Meng Shuyun , Liu Dong , You Tianyan
Published: July 2023

A bifunctional probe-based electrochemical and colorimetric dual-modal aptasensor with photo-enhanced electroactivity signal amplification was developed for an AFB1 mildew assay.
Departmental characterization of structural and mechanical properties of crossed lamellae of a gastropod Murex pecten
Authors: Nishio Naotake , Sugiyama So , Yoshimura Taro , Terasaki Ryunosuke , Takasaki Mihiro , Oaki Yuya , Sasaki Takenori , Imai Hiroaki
Published: July 2023

Departmental variations of the hierarchical lamellar structures of whorls, a siphonal canal, and spines of shells of a gastropod Murex pecten (Venus comb) were characterized with comparison of their mechanical properties, such as bending strength and hardness.
Computation meets experiment: identification of highly efficient fibrillating peptides
Authors: Sori Lorenzo , Pizzi Andrea , Bergamaschi Greta , Gori Alessandro , Gautieri Alfonso , Demitri Nicola , Soncini Monica , Metrangolo Pierangelo
Published: July 2023

8000 pentapeptides were computed though CG-MD starting from the model sequence DFNKF. Based on experimental validation, theoretical conditions (solubility and aggregation propensity) which may favor crystallization or fibrillation were identified.
Effects of Cu ratios on the C1–C6 growth mechanism on copper–nickel bimetallic surfaces
Authors: Zhang Cunxin , Niu Juntian , Guo Zeyu , Liu Haiyu , Jin Yan , Ran Jingyu
Published: July 2023

The adsorption and growth mechanisms of Cn (n = 1–6) on different Cu–Ni surfaces are calculated by density functional theory (DFT).
High-resolution ro-vibrational and rotational spectroscopy of HC3O+
Authors: Asvany Oskar , Thorwirth Sven , Schmid Philipp C. , Salomon Thomas , Schlemmer Stephan
Published: July 2023

Applying a 4 K cryogenic ion trap machine, the linear ion HC3O+ has been investigated by high-resolution ro-vibrational and pure rotational spectroscopy.
Charge delocalization and aromaticity of doubly reduced double-walled carbon nanohoops
Authors: Lingas Rafael , Charistos Nickolas D. , Muñoz-Castro Alvaro
Published: July 2023

The charge is delocalized on the outer nanohoop of double-walled doubly reduced [n + 5]CPP⊃[n]CPP2− complexes enabling global host aromaticity which strongly shields the guests delivering upfield 1H-NMR chemical shifts.
Er3+ doped nanoparticles as upconversion thermometer probes in confined fluids
Authors: Zhou Yujiao , Ledoux Gilles , Bois Laurence , Descartes Sylvie , Bouscharain Nathalie , Chassagneux Fernand , Martini Matteo , Bakary Yamaldi Midiladji , Journet Catherine , Philippon David
Published: July 2023

Non-contact temperature measurement at the nanoscale by photoluminescence using a nano-sensor in a confined fluid has been performed in the present work.
An electric-field-driven ferroelectric nanodomain structure and its multilevel data storage application
Authors: Hou Pengfei , Lian Zixian , Chen Cheng
Published: July 2023

The investigation of electric-field-driven ferroelectric nanodomain structures reveals their potential for multilevel data storage and paves the way for nanotip-controlled artificial synapses.
Light-induced hydrogen production from water using nickel(ii) catalysts and N-doped carbon-dot photosensitizers: catalytic efficiency enhancement by increase of catalyst nuclearity
Authors: Gioftsidou Dimitra K. , Landrou Georgios , Tzatza Charikleia , Hatzidimitriou Antonios , Orfanos Emmanouil , Charalambidis Georgios , Ladomenou Kalliopi , Coutsolelos Athanassios G. , Angaridis Panagiotis A.
Published: July 2023

Ni(ii) catalysts were synthesized and effectively combined with N-doped carbon dots for light-induced H2 production in H2O; catalyst nuclearity increase and catalytic cooperativity phenomena are key elements for enhanced catalytic activity.
Self-sufficient metal–air battery systems enabled by solid-ion conductive interphases
Authors: Jin Shuo , Hong Shifeng , Gao Xiaosi , Deng Yue , Joo Yong Lak , Archer Lynden A.
Published: July 2023

Rechargeable metal–air batteries operated in ambient air fail as a result of complex anode surface reactions. Interphases composed of metallic In protect Li anodes, enabling Li–air batteries to operate in ambient air.
Effects of hemoglobin extracted from Tegillarca granosa on the gut microbiota in iron deficiency anemia mice
Authors: Sun Bolun , Tan Beibei , Zhang Panxue , Huang Tao , Wei Huamao , Li Chao , Yang Wenge
Published: July 2023

T. granosa derived hemoglobin exerted excellent in vivo iron bioavailability and positive effects on the disturbance of the intestinal microbiota induced by IDA in mice.
Upcycling endogenous Fe from coal gasification slag waste into a cocatalyst for the photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction
Authors: Wang Fang , Li Kailu , Anwar Alkut , Zhang Zhengguo , Xu Weibing , Min Shixiong
Published: July 2023

Endogenous Fe from coal gasification slag waste can be upcycled into an active, durable, and versatile supported Fe2P cocatalyst for photocatalytic H2 evolution reactions in dye-sensitized systems and on semiconductor photocatalysts.
Additive-free CO2 hydrogenation to pure formic acid solution via amine-modified Pd catalyst at room temperature
Authors: Jiang Shuchao , Liu Xiaokong , Zhai Shengliang , Ci Xiuqin , Yu Tie , Sun Lei , Zhai Dong , Deng Weiqiao , Ren Guoqing
Published: July 2023

The greenhouse gas CO2 was efficiently hydrogenated into high-value-added pure formic acid solution in pure water over an amino-modified palladium (Pd) nano-catalyst at room temperature.
Prospects for the use of laser spectroscopy to characterize dye degradation photocatalyst nanoparticles: a review
Authors: Tan Juntao , Li Chuangkai , Zhang Boyuan , Luo Minghuo , Liu Jiatong , Li Jianquan , Yi Zengzhou , Xu Zhiying , Li Jiaming , Zhang Qingmao
Published: July 2023

A prospective review of the use of laser spectroscopy to characterize dye degradation photocatalyst nanoparticles.
Determination of chlorine in Hf precursors by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Lee Hanul , Joo Seongkyong , Suh Dongchul
Published: July 2023

This method can detect all remaining chlorine using HR-ICP-MS in a short time without complicated pretreatment conditions, minimizing pollutants.
Single chain magnetic behaviour in a selenite-bridged out-of-plane Mn2O2 dimer motif
Authors: Zhang Shao-Liang , Liu Yu-Wen , Yue Cai-Ran , Zhao Xin-Hua , Wang Yan-Lan , Li Shan-Shan
Published: July 2023

A new molecular magnetic compound, formulated as {[Mn2(L)2(C6H4ClSeO2)]2(ClO4)2}n (1) [H2L = 2,2′-((1E,1′E)-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))diphenol], has been synthesized, and analysed in terms of its structure and magnetic properties.
Synthesis, photophysical properties, bioimaging potential andin vitrotoxicity studies of naphthalimide imidazole boron complexes
Authors: Chinta Ramu V. Ranga Naidu , Sulava Sushree , Aradhyula Basava Punna Rao , Jandhyam Harithalakshmi , Alone Debasmita Pankaj , Venkatasubbaiah Krishnan
Published: July 2023

In this work, we report synthesis of naphthalimide decorated tetra-coordinated boron complexes which showed deep blue emission. The study elucidated the cytotoxic action of BF2-complex against glioma cells and cell permeability in normal HEK293 cells.
Strain-engineered thermophysical properties ranging from band-insulating to topological insulating phases in β-antimonene
Authors: Kukreti Sumit , Ramawat Surbhi , Singh Nirpendra , Dixit Ambesh
Published: July 2023

The use of strain in semiconductors allows extensive modification of their properties. The lattice thermal conductivity has reduced drastically with strain for β-Sb monolayer together with band insulator to topological phase transition.
Plasmon photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions over Au particles on various substrates
Authors: Wang Kai , He Tao
Published: July 2023

Au particles deposited on various substrates are employed to discriminate the plasmon resonant enhancement effect and direct electron transfer mechanism in plasmon photocatalytic CO2RR under visible-light irradiation.
In situ observation of the on-surface thermal dehydrogenation of n-octane on Pt(111)
Authors: Arribas Daniel , Villalobos-Vilda Víctor , Tosi Ezequiel , Lacovig Paolo , Baraldi Alessandro , Bignardi Luca , Lizzit Silvano , Martínez José Ignacio , de Andres Pedro Luis , Gutiérrez Alejandro , Martín-Gago José Ángel , Merino Pablo
Published: July 2023

We study the thermal dehydrogenation of n-octane on Pt(111) under ultra-high vacuum. Combining scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), photoelectron spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy with calculations, we provide an atomic-scale view of the on-surface products.
Ring-opening mechanism of epoxides with alcohol and tertiary amines
Authors: Du Yongzhuang , Xue Xiaoqiang , Jiang Qimin , Huang Wenyan , Yang Hongjun , Jiang Li , Jiang Bibiao , Komarneni Sridhar
Published: July 2023

The ring-opening reaction of epoxides with alcohol and tertiary amines was studied. NMR spectroscopy analysis confirmed that glycidol has a different ring-opening polymerization mechanism than other epoxides in the presence of tertiary amines.
Shaping mitochondria through fed–fast and circadian cycles
Authors: Khatri Subhash , Kazi Rubina , Kolthur-Seetharam Ullas
Published: July 2023

Energy and metabolic homeostasis at the level of the whole body are dictated by the balance between nutrient intake/utilization, bioenergetic potential, and energy expenditure, which are tightly coupled with fed/fast cycles and circadian oscillation. Emerging literature has highlighted the importance of each of these mechanisms that are essential to maintain physiological homeostasis. Lifestyle changes predominantly associated with altered fed–fast and circadian cycles are well established to affect systemic metabolism and energetics, and hence contribute to pathophysiological states. Therefore, it is not surprising that mitochondria have emerged as being pivotal in maintaining physiological homeostasis through daily oscillations/fluctuations in nutrient inputs and light–dark/sleep–wake cycles. Moreover, given the inherent association between mitochondrial dynamics/morphology and functions, it is important to understand the phenomenological and mechanistic underpinnings of fed–fast and circadian cycles dependent remodeling of mitochondria. In this regard, we have summarized the current status of the field in addition to providing a perspective vis-a-vis the complexity of cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous signals that dictate mitochondrial dynamics. We also highlight the lacunae besides speculating on prospective efforts that will possibly redefine our insights into the diurnal orchestration of fission/fusion events, which are ultimately coupled to the mitochondrial output.
Photoaffinity labelling displacement assay using multiple recombinant protein domains
Authors: Fallon David J. , Phillipou Alex , Schofield Christopher J. , House David , Tomkinson Nicholas C. O. , Bush Jacob T.
Published: July 2023

The development and optimisation of a photoaffinity labelling (PAL) displacement assay is presented, where a highly efficient PAL probe was used to report on the relative binding affinities of compounds to specific binding sites in multiple recombinant protein domains in tandem. The N- and C-terminal bromodomains of BRD4 were used as example target proteins. A test set of 264 compounds annotated with activity against the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family in ChEMBL were used to benchmark the assay. The pIC50 values obtained from the assay correlated well with orthogonal TR-FRET data, highlighting the potential of this highly accessible PAL biochemical screening platform.
Neural architecture search for resource constrained hardware devices: A survey
Authors: Yang Yongjia , Zhan Jinyu , Jiang Wei , Jiang Yucheng , Yu Antai
Published: July 2023

With the emergence of powerful and low‐energy Internet of Things devices, deep learning computing is increasingly applied to resource‐constrained edge devices. However, the mismatch between hardware devices with low computing capacity and the increasing complexity of Deep Neural Network models, as well as the growing real‐time requirements, bring challenges to the design and deployment of deep learning models. For example, autonomous driving technologies rely on real‐time object detection of the environment, which cannot tolerate the extra latency of sending data to the cloud, processing and then sending the results back to edge devices. Many studies aim to find innovative ways to reduce the size of deep learning models, the number of Floating‐point Operations per Second, and the time overhead of inference. Neural Architecture Search (NAS) makes it possible to automatically generate efficient neural network models. The authors summarise the existing NAS methods on resource‐constrained devices and categorise them according to single‐objective or multi‐objective optimisation. We review the search space, the search algorithm and the constraints of NAS on hardware devices. We also explore the challenges and open problems of hardware NAS.
Preparation of chitosan‐embedded recombinant human epidermal growth factor nanoparticles as accelerating compounds for skin remodelling in chronic lesions
Authors: Hashemi Saadeh , Mihandoost Elnaz , Khaleghi Sepideh
Published: July 2023

The chronic lesion has become a major biological difficulty. Using nanoparticles as drug delivery systems is remarkable nowadays. The unique properties of chitosan in combination with epidermal growth factor (EGF) can accelerate the wound‐healing process.

In this study, Chitosan‐EGF (CS‐EGF) nanoparticles were manipulated and characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) microscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) method, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) radiation. The antibacterial effect was estimated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)/minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods and the proliferation assay was measured on the HFF‐1 (human fibroblast cell line). Then, migration assay was accomplished and the gene expression analysis for transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelets‐derived growth factor (PDGF) was manipulated by the real‐time‐PCR method. The obtained results were considered statistically significant with P < 0.05.

Obtained results illustrated no toxic effect on the HFF‐1 cell line treated with CS‐EGF. In cellular proliferation and migration assays, CS‐EGF nanoparticles demonstrated 2‐folds higher than the control. In the duration of 72 h of the experiment, and concentration of 10 µM, 90 ±10% of cells were migrated and the whole scratch was covered by fibroblasts. The real‐time‐PCR analysis also showed 7.5, 4.5‐, and 7‐fold upregulation of all TGF‐β, VEGF, and PDGF genes in comparison with the control group.

This study confirmed that using chitosan nanoparticles as a carrier for EGF can accelerate cellular remodelling and annihilate bacterial infection in the process of treatment. As CS‐EGF nanoparticles in the acceleration of the skin remodelling process showed promising results, subsequent studies might be useful.
Active power filter with enhanced echo state network in radar power supply system
Authors: Tao Zongguo , Wang Yuetong , Sun Chenyu , Wang Ruilin , Chen Zhiwei , Zhang Yingying
Published: July 2023

There have been concerns raised on load non‐linearity as more and more load types are being introduced into the radar power supply system. The non‐linear load produces harmonic current while it seriously threatens the normal and safe operation environment of other system equipment. It can be difficult to design shunt active power filter (APF) to eliminate the harmonic effect while achieving stability and reliability. This paper designs a hybrid optimization shunt active power filter, which adopts enhanced echo state network (ESN) to predict harmonics and reduce the delay problem in traditional control. The prediction performance of enhanced ESN is verified by simulation. The modelling and simulation of the hybrid optimization shunt APF are completed in Simulink, and the parameters of APF are reset according to the radar power supply system. Furthermore, a prototype based on DSP TMS320F28335 was developed to test whether the theory is feasible and accurate. The experimental results demonstrate that the APF with harmonic prediction has improved steady‐state response performance and rapid dynamic response performance.
Power utilization efficiency improvement of distributed energy units in DC microgrids using primal‐dual subgradient method
Authors: Su Zhipeng , Wang Hongbin , Xu Zhong , Peng Heping , Liu Zhixiong
Published: July 2023

To improve the power utilization efficiency of distributed energy units (DEUs) in DC microgrids, a centralized current iteration regulation approach is presented in this paper. The power utilization efficiency is partially represented by the power losses of DEUs, which can be modelled as quadratic functions of the output currents of DEUs. The power efficiency is also dependent on the line losses on the resistances between the DEUs and DC buses, which can be formulated in the basis of the output currents as well. Thus, the total power losses of DEUs comprise line and converter losses, which are verified to be a constrained‐convex function of the current allocation coefficients. In this paper, a primal‐dual subgradient method (PDSM) using only explicit addition and subtraction iterations is adopted to obtain the optimal current distribution coefficients. On this basis, an adaptive droop regulation scheme is applied to further control the output voltage references of DEUs, and proportional‐integral (PI) controllers are applied to track the adaptive voltages based on the current sharing errors. Both simulation and empirical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control to improve the power utilization efficiency of DEUs regardless parameter and load variations in DC microgrids.
Carbynes connected to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as potential carriers of diffuse interstellar bands
Authors: Zanolli Zeila , Malcıoğlu Osman Barış , Charlier Jean-Christophe
Published: July 2023

Diffuse insterstellar bands (DIBs) are absorption features in the spectra of reddened stars, caused by the absorption of light by the interstellar medium. Organic molecules based on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), revealed by infrared emission bands, are present in the interstellar medium and are considered to be possibly responsible for DIBs. However, the specific carbon-based nanostructures are still unidentified, with the notable exception of C60+ (Campbell et al. 2015, Nature, 523, 322). In the present work, using state-of-the-art time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and many-body perturbation theory within the GW approximation, we predict that carbon chains (carbynes) connected to PAH groups exhibit absorption spectra that can be tuned in the energy window of the unexplained DIB spectrum. Our theoretical results reveal electronic transitions in both the visible and near-infrared range depending on the length of the carbyne chain and the nature of the connected PAHs, thus providing new insights into the possible carbon-based species populating interstellar space.