bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neural basis underlying the association between thought control ability and happiness: The moderating role of the amygdala
Authors: Li Min , Yan Yuchi , Jia Hui , Gao Yixin , Qiu Jiang , Yang Wenjing
Published: March 2024

Thought control ability (TCA) plays an important role in individuals' health and happiness. Previous studies demonstrated that TCA was closely conceptually associated with happiness. However, empirical research supporting this relationship was limited. In addition, the neural basis underlying TCA and how this neural basis influences the relationship between TCA and happiness remain unexplored. In the present study, the voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) method was adopted to investigate the neuroanatomical basis of TCA in 314 healthy subjects. The behavioral results revealed a significant positive association between TCA and happiness. On the neural level, there was a significant negative correlation between TCA and the gray matter density (GMD) of the bilateral amygdala. Split‐half validation analysis revealed similar results, further confirming the stability of the VBM analysis findings. Furthermore, gray matter covariance network and graph theoretical analyses showed positive association between TCA and both the node degree and node strength of the amygdala. Moderation analysis revealed that the GMD of the amygdala moderated the relationship between TCA and happiness. Specifically, the positive association between TCA and self‐perceived happiness was stronger in subjects with a lower GMD of the amygdala. The present study indicated the neural basis underlying the association between TCA and happiness and offered a method of improving individual well‐being.
Cognitive bias modification for perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tör‐Çabuk Kübra , Koç Volkan
Published: March 2024

This study investigated the efficacy of combined cognitive bias modification (CBM) on perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty. Fifty‐four university students scoring over 70.5 on the Brief Symptom Measure were randomly assigned to experimental and placebo control groups. The CBM intervention was administered online for 4 weeks. Assessments were given at baseline, after the 4‐week intervention, and 1 month post‐intervention. Results showed a statistically significant decrease in two dimensions of perfectionism, concern over mistakes and parental criticism, and intolerance of uncertainty of those in the experimental group, compared to those in the control group. The findings related to the interpretation of perfectionism revealed a significant interaction effect of time and direction of sentences for the experimental group. Lastly, the experimental group's interpretation bias scores for intolerance of uncertainty showed a statistically significant increase after the intervention compared to those in the control group. The study's findings provide preliminary support for the effectiveness of CBM on perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty.
Novel photoresponsive molecularly imprinted polymers based on etched silicon core with enabling enhanced selectivity and sensitivity for the detection of sulfamethazine
Authors: Peng Wangui , Huang Weihong , Gao Minmin , Yang Wenming , Xu Wanzhen
Published: March 2024

Sulfamethymidine, a commonly employed sulfonamide, is introduced into the human body through the food chain, posing a threat to human health. Consequently, the development of a rapid and efficient detection technique is imperative. In this investigation, a photoresponsive sulfamethyridiazine‐imprinted polymer was synthesized to etch a silicon core, thereby effectively addressing the limitations encountered with conventional molecularly imprinted polymers including diminished binding capacity, restricted site accessibility and sluggish binding kinetics. The photosensitive monomer utilized in the molecularly imprinted polymers is 5[(4 (methylacryloxy) phenyl) diazene] isophthalic acid, which exhibits a stimulating reaction mechanism. The N=N bond undergoes photoisomerization, transitioning between trans and cis configurations. The adsorption experiment provides additional evidence that the hollow molecularly imprinted polymers exhibit a higher adsorption capacity, achieving a value of 0.192 mmol L−1. The experiments conducted to assess selectivity and repeatability confirm that the photoresponsive molecularly imprinted polymers exhibit a high level of selectivity and favorable repeatability. Following four cycles, the adsorption rate remains consistently at 64.3%. Additionally, the recoveries of the actual samples ranged from 95.6% to 99.7%. This finding presents a novel approach to detecting the concentration of trace pollutants in intricate substrates. © 2024 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Defining the challenges and opportunities for using patient‐derived models in prostate cancer research
Authors: Brennen W. Nathaniel , Le Magnen Clémentine , Karkampouna Sofia , Anselmino Nicolas , Bock Nathalie , Choo Nicholas , Clark Ashlee K. , Coleman Ilsa M. , Dolgos Robin , Ferguson Alison M. , Goode David L. , Krutihof‐de Julio Marianna , Navone Nora M. , Nelson Peter S. , O'Neill Edward , Porter Laura H. , Ranasinghe Weranja , Sunada Takuro , Williams Elizabeth D. , Butler Lisa M. , Corey Eva , van Weerden Wytske M. , Taylor Renea A. , Risbridger Gail P. , Lawrence Mitchell G.
Published: March 2024

Background

There are relatively few widely used models of prostate cancer compared to other common malignancies. This impedes translational prostate cancer research because the range of models does not reflect the diversity of disease seen in clinical practice. In response to this challenge, research laboratories around the world have been developing new patient‐derived models of prostate cancer, including xenografts, organoids, and tumor explants.

Methods

In May 2023, we held a workshop at the Monash University Prato Campus for researchers with expertise in establishing and using a variety of patient‐derived models of prostate cancer. This review summarizes our collective ideas on how patient‐derived models are currently being used, the common challenges, and future opportunities for maximizing their usefulness in prostate cancer research.

Results

An increasing number of patient‐derived models for prostate cancer are being developed. Despite their individual limitations and varying success rates, these models are valuable resources for exploring new concepts in prostate cancer biology and for preclinical testing of potential treatments. Here we focus on the need for larger collections of models that represent the changing treatment landscape of prostate cancer, robust readouts for preclinical testing, improved in vitro culture conditions, and integration of the tumor microenvironment. Additional priorities include ensuring model reproducibility, standardization, and replication, and streamlining the exchange of models and data sets among research groups.

Conclusions

There are several opportunities to maximize the impact of patient‐derived models on prostate cancer research. We must develop large, diverse and accessible cohorts of models and more sophisticated methods for emulating the intricacy of patient tumors. In this way, we can use the samples that are generously donated by patients to advance the outcomes of patients in the future.
Adherence to newer second‐line oral antidiabetic drugs among people with type 2 diabetes—A systematic review
Authors: Holdt‐Caspersen Nynne Sophie , Dethlefsen Claus , Vestergaard Peter , Hejlesen Ole , Hangaard Stine , Jensen Morten Hasselstrøm
Published: March 2024

The adherence to oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is suboptimal. However, new OADs have been marketed within the last 10 years. As these new drugs differ in mechanism of action, treatment complexity, and side effects, they may influence adherence. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the adherence to newer second‐line OADs, defined as drugs marketed in 2012–2022, among people with T2D. A systematic review was performed in CINAHL, Cochrane Trials, Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Articles were included if they were original research of adherence to newer second‐line OADs and reported objective adherence quantification. The quality of the articles was assessed using JBI's critical appraisal tools. The overall findings were reported according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and summarized in a narrative synthesis. All seven included articles were European retrospective cohort studies investigating alogliptin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and unspecified types of SGLT2i. Treatment discontinuation and medication possession ratio (MPR) were the most frequently reported adherence quantification measures. Within the first 12 months of treatment, 29%–44% of subjects on SGLT2i discontinued the treatment. In terms of MPR, 61.7%–94.9% of subjects on either alogliptin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin or an unspecified SGLT2i were adherent. The two investigated adherence quantification measures, treatment discontinuation and MPR, suggest that adherence to the newer second‐line OADs may be better than that of older OADs. However, a study directly comparing older and newer OADs should be done to verify this.
Sources of MJO teleconnection errors in the ECMWF extended‐range forecasts
Authors: Vitart Frédéric , Balmaseda Magdalena A.
Published: March 2024

The European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) extended‐range forecasts display large errors in the representations of Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) teleconnections over the North Atlantic with a strong underestimation of the impact of the MJO on the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) following an MJO in Phase 2–3. The origin of this error was investigated using a large set of re‐forecasts covering 20 years where part of the atmosphere was relaxed towards the ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) reanalysis. These relaxation experiments show that relaxing the Tropics significantly improves the MJO teleconnections associated with Phase 2–3, with a reduction of about 50% in the amplitude error of the teleconnections. However, model errors outside the Tropics also play an important role. Results also suggest that errors in local processes reduce by about 20% the amplitude of the MJO teleconnections over the North Atlantic. Another example of a source of MJO teleconnection errors is the near surface over the Tibetan and Mongolian Plateaux. Nudging this area towards ERA5 improves the representation of the Pacific subtropical jet and the amplitude of MJO teleconnections associated with Phase 2–3 in the extended‐range re‐forecasts. Nudging the stratosphere exerts a comparatively weaker impact on the MJO teleconnections 11–15 days after an MJO in Phase 2–3. Overall, these experiments indicate that there are multiple sources of MJO teleconnection errors, making the representation of realistic MJO teleconnection by dynamical models a particularly challenging task.
Familial pulmonary cysts: A clue to diagnose Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome: A case report and literature review
Authors: Miao Jinrui , Gao Qian , Wang Zilin , Hou Gang
Published: March 2024

Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome (BHD) is an inherited autosomal dominant condition caused by germline mutations in the FLCN gene, mapped to chromosome 17p11.2. Typical manifestations include pulmonary cysts, spontaneous pneumothorax, fibrofolliculomas, and kidney neoplasms. This report details the case of a 56‐year‐old female non‐smoker diagnosed with multiple pulmonary cysts, presenting with a history of recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax. A computed tomography (CT) scan of her daughter revealed similar pulmonary cysts, raising suspicion of BHD. Further abdominal enhanced CT revealed a left renal tumour and cutaneous fibrofolliculomas on her daughter's neck. Consequently, whole‐exome sequencing confirmed an FLCN germline mutation in the patient and three relatives, establishing a diagnosis of BHD. This case highlights the importance of familial pulmonary cysts as a clue for diagnosing BHD, providing crucial insights into comparable clinical presentations.
An adaptive observer based output feedback prescribed‐time control of a class of nonlinear systems with unknown parameters
Authors: Wang Yihao , Jiang Huaiyuan , Zhang Kang‐Kang
Published: March 2024

In this paper, an adaptive observer based output feedback prescribed‐time control is designed for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown parameters. According to the characteristics of the nonlinear systems, a novel adaptive observer is first designed. Then by imposing parametric Lyapunov equations, a time‐varying high‐gain observer based output feedback adaptive controller is constructed, by which, it is proven that the states of both the observer and the original system can be driven to zero within any prescribed time. Moreover, the control signal is proven uniformly bounded by a scalar. Two numerical examples are illustrated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Green synthesis of ZnFe2O4@BC nanocrystals using pomelo peel waste for photo‐Fenton degradation of dye under visible light
Authors: Zheng Yanping , Fan Jinhu , Cui Jingfeng , Yang Baoping
Published: March 2024

In this study, an economical ZnFe2O4@BC composite was successfully synthesized using pomelo peel biochar through a simple one‐pot thermal‐calcination roasting method. The combination of biochar and ZnFe2O4 was confirmed by FTIR, XRD, Raman, TEM, and XPS analysis, confirming that the successful insertion of carbon into the oxygen sites of the ZnFe2O4 lattice, forming C−O bonds. The incorporation of biochar resulted in a high specific surface area, providing more active sites for catalytic reactions, enhancing electron transport, effectively separating electron‐hole pairs, increasing light capturing capacity, and restraining the leaching of metals. The Zn vacancy acted as an electron acceptor, promoting electron transfer in the catalyst by reducing the lowest unoccupied orbital position. Additionally, various reaction parameters such as solution pH, iron content, catalyst dosage, and H2O2 volume were investigated to elucidate their effects on the degradation performance. This study proposes a novel method for synthesizing carbon‐coated metal oxide semiconductors, which shows great potential for environmental and energy‐related applications.
Study on the Reliability and Stability of Fatty Acid‐Paraffin Ternary Phase Change Materials as Energy‐saving Materials
Authors: Shi Yu , Zhao Yunchao , Zhang Yanmei , Fan Zhixuan , Jiang Dahua
Published: March 2024

PCMs are an ideal energy storage material, widely used in construction and have gradually become a hot spot for research. To address the shortcomings and deficiencies of single PCM, this paper combined myristic acid (MA), palmitic acid (PA) and paraffin slice (48#, PS) to prepare a ternary system of PCM by using a melt blending method. The study found that the lowest eutectic point is reached when MA : PA : PS=43.4 : 18.6 : 38, with phase change temperature and enthalpy of phase change of 39.28 °C and 135.83 J/g, respectively, showing better superiority. Moreover, FT‐IR and XRD also indicated that no new functional groups appeared in this ternary PCM, no new substances were produced, and all were simple physical bonding. TG showed that MA‐PA‐PS does not decompose below 127.95 °C and has good thermal stability. Finally, it was indicated that its thermal reliability is good after 500 thermal cycles of MA‐PA‐PS. Therefore, as a new type of energy‐saving material, this ternary PCM has good reliability and superiority, and has good application prospects.
Thermoresponsive Behavior of Binary Waxes
Authors: Sisman Orhan , Sajzew Roman , Walden Sarah L. , Wondraczek Katrin , Galusek Dusan , Wondraczek Lothar
Published: March 2024

In this study, we investigated the thermoresponsive behavior of two different binary wax compositions of commercially available natural candles. The chemical nature of carbon bonds in the fatty acid chains of the natural wax component effectuate a different hygroscopic behavior, as confirmed by NMR analysis. The phase transitions of polymorphic stearin‐rapeseed and stearin‐coconut wax composites were tracked by DSC‐TGA and VT‐XRD. The reduction in the eutectic temperatures of wax composites during the second heating cycles of DSC measurements was correlated with the length of fatty acid chains in rapeseed and coconut waxes, as well as their co‐crystallization kinetics with stearin. Mechanical and hygroscopic behavior of the binary waxes were examined at elevated temperatures between 23 °C and 45 °C using QCM‐D. Voigt viscoelastic model was employed to reveal the soft and rigid textures of wax composites. The hydrophilic behavior of the rapeseed wax composite changed to hydrophobic when the co‐crystallized and individual stearin melted above 35 °C. Activation energies required for melting wax crystals were calculated to be 51±3 kJ mol−1 for pure rapeseed wax, 373 kJ mol−1 for co‐crystallized rapeseed and stearin waxes, and 244 kJ mol−1 for co‐crystallized coconut and stearin waxes, using Arrhenius method with the QCM‐D data.
Synthesis and Characterization of Spirooxindole β‐Ketothiolester and their Fluorescence Imaging on PC3 Cells
Authors: Sriram Babu Seenivasagaperumal , Savitha Devi Natarajan , Manjula Devi Ramamoorthy , Dhiraviam Kannan Narayanan , Sivakumar Shanmugam
Published: March 2024

Biologically‐active near‐ultraviolet emitting spirooxindole‐pyrrolidine/pyrrolothiazole‐β‐ketothiolester have been synthesised via Chemo‐/regio‐/stereoselective manner. Excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) of β‐ketothiolester exhibits excitation‐dependent emission with intermolecular hydrogen bonding ability with solvents. The emission could be tunable between 330 nm to 460 nm. Selected fluorescent compounds 4{4,2,1}, 4{12,2,2}, 5{4,2,1} and 5{12,2,2} shows cytotoxicity effect on PC3 cells, where the highest IC50 value (6 μM) was found for the probe 5{12,2,2}. The fluorescent behavior of 5{4,2,1} and 5{12,2,2} acted as an imaging molecule against cancer cells.
Construction of Petal‐Like CoO/CoP Heterostructures by Oxygen Vacancy Induced P‐doping for Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Ma Shihang , Zhu Wenchang , Feng Hongbin
Published: March 2024

Hydrogen energy has become a green, high‐efficiency new energy source due to its superior characteristics. Overall water splitting is considered as an effective method for hydrogen production. However, the synthesis of non‐noble metal‐based robust bi‐functional electrocatalysts for both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are still challenging. Here, the synthesis of petal‐like CoO/CoP heterostructures is reported by an oxygen vacancy induced P‐doping strategy. The oxygen defect sites of the defective Co3O4–x easily attract phosphorus atoms to enhance the P‐doping process, which induces the formation of a two‐dimensional CoO/CoP heterojunction structure. Due to the synergistic effect between CoP and CoO phases in the catalyst, the heterostructures can well drive the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions under alkaline conditions, and thus substantially promotes overall water splitting with a relatively low potential 1.64 V at 10 mA cm−2 without decay even after the durability test for 24 h.
Development of Silica‐Immobilized Material as Heterogeneous Hydrogen Bond Donor (HBD) Catalyst: Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from CO2 and Epoxides
Authors: Roy Shilpa , Das Koushik , Santra Sougata , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Halder Sandipan
Published: March 2024

Composite silica materials have been developed by hydrothermal method and utilized as heterogeneous Hydrogen Bond Donor (HBD) catalysts, where the functionalized ketimine derivatives have been immobilized on the solid support. Such functional materials have been found to be efficient catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates through the installation of CO2 with epoxides. Characterization of these materials was systematically done using various spectroscopic and imaging techniques to confirm the presence of organic compounds on the silica surface. These composite materials exhibited significantly higher catalytic activity as compared to the other homogeneous methods. Additionally, this synthetic process was extremely convenient in terms of all the external parameters such as, solvent free condition at ambient reaction temperature with normal pressure of CO2, very low catalyst loading with proper regeneration and reusability of the catalyst. These facets have definitely made this technique greener and more sustainable.
Fabrication and Investigation of a MoS2/Fe3O4/PANI Composite for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Bayat Parvaneh , Karami Kazem , Gholamian Marzieh , Tavakoli Farshad , Rahimi Sakineh , Kamali Shahla , Rezaei Behzad
Published: March 2024

This study investigates a successful fabrication of MoS2/Fe3O4/PANI composite by chemical co‐precipitation method. The facile hydrothermal approach was employed to synthesize a MoS2/Fe3O4 composite, followed by the utilization of a conventional chemical oxidation strategy to produce a PANI coating on the composite, thereby generating an active material for electrochemical reactions and a structure facilitating the transportation of ions via multiple pathways. The fabricated MoS2/Fe3O4/PANI composite was characterized by SEM, ICP, XRD, FT‐IR, and so on. In this study, we delved into the electrochemical charge storage feature of MoS2/Fe3O4/PANI. The electrochemical characteristics of the nanocomposite were assessed through the implementation of cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and chronopotentiometry techniques in a 3 M KOH electrolytic solution, utilizing nickel foam as both a material support and current collector for two electrode configurations. The findings indicate that MoS2, as the support matrix, possesses notable attributes such as a substantial surface area, elevated electrical conductivity, and varied oxidation states. As a result, the electrical conductivity performance of the MoS2/Fe3O4/PANI composite, which includes well‐dispersed Fe3O4 nano‐cubes on the surfaces of MoS2, is significantly enhanced. In comparison to pure Fe3O4, the resultant composite revealed improved specific capacitances of 401 F/g at 1.25 A g−1, along with outstanding cyclic stability of 89.3 even after undergoing 5000 cycles. The superior electrochemical properties observed may be ascribed to both the proficient electrical conductivity of MoS2 and the incorporation of Fe3O4 particles, which are anchored onto the MoS2. The results prove that MoS2/Fe3O4/PANI hybrid composite holds as highly efficient electrode material for supercapacitor.
Discovery of Thiadiazoles as Human Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase (hDHODH) Inhibitors by Combined Structure‐Based Modelling Methods
Authors: Gehlot Pinky , Kumar Sunil , Kumar Vipin , Vyas Vivek K.
Published: March 2024

This study involves the design of novel thiadiazole derivatives as hDHODH inhibitors using various structure‐based approaches such as pharmacophore modelling, high‐throughput virtual screening (HTVS), prediction of ADMET parameters, docking and molecular dynamics (MD) studies. We used the validated co‐crystal structure of hDHODH to create the six‐feature pharmacophore model ADHRRR, which was validated by the Güner‐Henry scoring (GH score=0.81) approach, enrichment calculations (enrichment factor=51), area under the curve (0.93), receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve (0.89), and ROC′s Boltzmann‐enhanced discrimination, known as BEDROC (α=8) (0.859), (α=20) (0.828), (α=160) (0.912). Pharmacophore model as a 3D search query was used for the screening of zinc database followed by docking investigations and energy calculation (Prime/MMGBSA). For the design of novel compounds, we selected the thiadiazole moiety as the central scaffold and various functional groups based on pharmacophoric characters and binding interactions. In docking study, designed compounds showed favourable interactions with Gln47 and Arg136 at the active site of the hDHODH enzyme, and optimal drug likeness properties for ADMET prediction study. Stability of enzyme‐ligand complex was validated by MD simulation study with RMSD, RMSF and RoG calculations. These findings suggested that novel thiadiazoles are potential candidates as hDHODH inhibitors and anticancer agents.
Fabrication of Stable Dual‐Layer Polymer‐Based Nanofibers with Applications for Food Preservation
Authors: Ozer Fatma Tugce , San Keskin Nalan Oya
Published: March 2024

The aim of the study was to produce dual nanofibers (NFs) with antibacterial and antioxidant properties, and to determine the potential use of dual NFs in food preservation. For this purpose, Polycaprolactone (PCL) polymers and Hydroxypropyl Beta Cyclodextrin (HPβ‐CD) polymer were used to produce nanofibers. Nisin, which is in the GRAS class, was used for the antibacterial properties of NFs and black seed cumin oil (BCSO) was used for antibacterial and antioxidant effects. PCL_BCSO‐NFs has an antimicrobial effect on both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. Furthermore, PCL_BCSO‐NFs showed antibacterial activity of 50 % and above after long periods of storage at the room temperature. Nisin loaded HPβ‐CD‐NF and dual layer nanofiber exhibited antibacterial activity of 3.5±0.3 cm and 3.1±0.3 cm zone diameter against S. aureus and E. coli respectively. Furthermore, PCL/BCSO‐HPβ_CD/Nisin‐NFs showed a high antimicrobial effect until day 60. Antioxidant activity of PCL_BCSO‐NFs was 63.2 % while 52.9 % was observed by dual layer NFs. In addition, the antioxidant activity of PCL/BCSO‐HPβ_CD/Nisin‐NFs ranged from 52 to 70 % for 1d and 7 days storage period. Therefore, nanofiber based mats containing BCSO and nisin as a food packaging material can potentially provide protection to extend the shelf life of food products.
A Novel Carrier Based on DNA and Exosome to Sustained Release of 5‐Fluorouracil Anticancer Drug
Authors: Oraki Maryam , Saeidifar Maryam , Khanlarkhani Ali , Javaheri Masoumeh
Published: March 2024

The development of effective drug delivery systems is crucial for improving cancer treatment outcomes. A promising carrier using a combination of DNA and exosomes (EXO) was synthesized to sustain the release of the powerful anticancer drug 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). The carrier was prepared by encapsulating 5‐FU‐loaded exosomes (5‐FU.EXO) in the heated DNA carriers (5‐FU.EXO@DNA). Alteration of the DNA structure was studied using molecular dynamics. The physicochemical properties of the carriers were characterized using fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The 5‐FU.EXO@DNA carrier exhibited good stability and biocompatibility, with a uniform size distribution (709±269 nm) and a zeta potential of +312 mV. The interaction between 5‐FU and DNA was confirmed using molecular docking. In vitro release studies showed that both 5‐FU@DNA and 5‐FU.EXO@DNA carriers achieved sustained release of 5‐FU for 576 h, with cumulative releases of approximately 83 % and 89 %, respectively. The 5‐FU release profile showed 40 % release over 86 h. The release rate and other kinetic parameters were also determined. Furthermore, the release kinetics followed by the Korsmeyer‐Peppas model and the diffusion mechanism plays a significant role in controlling the release process.
Large‐Scale Solution‐Processed Ultrathin 2D Tri‐layer Heterostructures for Photodetector Applications
Authors: Yadav Priyanka , Wellington John John , Kumar Ganguli Ashok
Published: March 2024

Heterojunction‐based photodetectors of 2D TMDs provide the solution‐processability and scalability to fabricate devices. In this study, we have produced photodetectors using a solution‐processable approach, focusing on the heterojunction of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). The photodetection properties of the fabricated devices have been thoroughly examined at two different wavelengths 660 nm and 785 nm. This hybrid 2D tri‐layer heterojunction strategy, employing a MoS2/MoSe2 heterojunction as the photosensitizer and a TiS2 layer as the conducting pathway, is fabricated to understand high‐performance photodetectors. A simple and low‐cost solution process was used to fabricate all the active layers of the photodetector. 2D TMDs were synthesized by liquid phase exfoliation which exhibits absorption in both visible as well as NIR spectral regions. The as‐fabricated photodetector shows a response time of 220 msec and responsivity of ~28 mA W−1 in the visible region and ~44 mA W−1 in the near IR region. This improved response of the as‐fabricated photodetector of tri‐layer heterojunction results from the effective decrease in recombination rate and efficient electron–hole separation.
Facile preparation of Bacterial cellulose‐SiO2 composite aerogel with good mechanical strength and thermal stability
Authors: Chen Zhihui , Yang Tianfeng , Zhu Xiaping , Liu Yawen , Ren Donxue , Sun Yonghua
Published: March 2024

Bacterial cellulose is a natural biopolymer with an ultrafine nanofibrous reticulated matrix and crosslinking active sites. In this work, composite silica aerogels were prepared using a two‐step acid‐base catalysis and ambient pressure drying, with methyltriethoxysilane as the silica precursor and a trace amount of bacterial cellulose as the silicon skeleton reinforcement. The preparation was carried out in water without the addition of other organic solvents and without solvent replacement. The preparation conditions were optimized, and the prepared composite aerogels were characterized using SEM, BET, FTIR, a contact angle meter, and GA‐DTA. The results showed that the introduction of a trace amount of bacterial cellulose could obviously change the morphology and hydrophilicity of the aerogels, and increase its compressive strength up to 5 MPa without significant changes in its specific surface area and density. The addition of bacterial cellulose helped the aerogels maintain its original shape after being heated at high temperatures.
Synthesis and Characterization of Thymoquinone‐Oxime (TQ‐Ox) from Thymoquinone and Evaluation of its Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, and Apoptotic Potential in Lung Cancer Cells (A549) in vitro
Authors: Beyaztas Hakan , Babaoglu Burcu , Demirkol Baris , Cetinkaya Erdogan , Metin Guler Eray
Published: March 2024

Intro: Thymoquinone(TQ), a compound derived from Nigella sativa, has been found to impede cancer progression, including proliferation, migration, and invasion. Previous research has explored the potential benefits of augmenting TQ with functional groups to enhance its activity, particularly when combined with traditional drugs. The aim of our study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of Thymoquinone‐Oxime(TQ−Ox) on lung cancer cell lines. Methods: To determine the structure of the novel TQ−Ox substance, we employed NMR spectroscopy. We also performed in vitro assays to assess the anti‐cancer mechanisms of TQ−Ox on lung cancer cells(A549) and healthy lung cells(BEAS‐2B). These assays included assessments of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and apoptosis, as well as measurements of intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species(iROS), intracellular Calcium(iCa2+), and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential(MMP). Results: Our results demonstrate that TQ−Ox induces dose‐dependent cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and apoptosis in cancer cells, along with an increase in iROS production. The IC50 values for A549 and BEAS‐2B cells were 41.01 μM and 48.71 μM, respectively. We also observed that as iCa2+ levels increased, there was a decrease in MMP levels(p<0.001). Conclusion: TQ−Ox shows potential as a therapeutic option for lung cancer, justifying further in vitro and in vivo research to explore its clinical applications.
Study of MOF‐derived Double Hemispherical Nano‐Co3O4/C Composite as Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Liming , Liu Yan‐gai , Zhao Hang , Zhang Yujie , Wang Zekun , Zhang Xi , Zhu Bing , He Peijie , Liu Yicen
Published: March 2024

Co3O4 emerges as a promising substitute in the field of anode electrode materials for the next‐generation of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Nevertheless, challenges such as volumetric effects during cycling and insufficient conductivity have resulted in its subpar cycle stability, which impedes its practical application. In this study, we successfully employed a straightforward method to design and synthesize double hemispherical nano‐Co3O4/C composite materials derived from MOF‐74(Co). Benefiting from its nano‐porous structure combined with carbon materials, the resulting Co3O4/C electrode manifests outstanding electrochemical performance. Specifically, the obtained Co3O4/C electrode exhibits a notably high reversible cycle capacity (1151.9 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1), exemplary rate capability, and outstanding long‐cycle performance (maintaining a capacity of 366.2 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 1400 cycles). This research introduces a novel approach for the development of innovative anode materials for LIBs.
Promoted Production of Lactic Acid from Glucose by Calcium Hydroxide in the Presence of Hydrogen
Authors: Li Bing , Yu Yue , Jia Bingjiang , Huang Ziqing , Liu Jingyi , Guo Bolin , Zhang Qing
Published: March 2024

Catalytic conversion of glucose to lactic acid is a green promising strategy for the effective utilization of biomass‐derived carbohydrates to generate valuable chemicals. The generation of lactic acid would also be distinguishing in different reaction atmospheres. In this work, we firstly investigated the decomposition of lactic acid and glucose transformation to lactic acid in H2. No obvious decomposition of lactic acid was observed in H2. The activity testing results showed that glucose could be completely converted over the selected hydroxides, while the formation of lactic acid was closely related to the alkalinity of hydroxide. The yield of lactic acid was remarkably obtained to be 87 % over Ca(OH)2 at 220 °C for 3 h. Stronger alkalinity of the catalyst would facilitate glucose isomerization to fructose, and then easily be transformed into dihydroxyacetone or glyceraldehyde intermediates through reverse aldol condensation, which is beneficial to the generation of lactic acid.
Effect of Mesoporous Silica as a Solid Precursor on the Properties of Silicon Oxycarbide Thin Films via Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Garcia Balderas Ivan Enrique , Ruiz Crisoforo Morales , Andres Enrique Rosendo , Perez Cruz Maria Ana , Hernandez Erick Gastellou , Galeazzi Isasmendi Reina , Coyopol Solis Antonio , García Salgado Godofredo , Romano Trujillo Roman
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the impact of mesoporous silica tablets on the synthesis and properties of silicon oxycarbide thin films produced via Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition. Results reveal significant variations in composition and cluster morphology, influenced by the introduction of mesoporous silica tablets. The study demonstrates controlled deposition, consistent synthesis, and the substantial impact of mesoporous silica tablets on the composition, structure, and optical properties of thin films. These findings offer new possibilities for tailor design applications in electronics, optics, and sensors.
Exploration of Choline Chloride Based Type II and Type III Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Computational and Experimental Approach
Authors: Dave Pragnesh , Lohar Ajay , Kakkar Rita
Published: March 2024

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) of choline chloride with citric acid (CACC), Maleic acid (MACC) and Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MAGCC) were synthesized in 1 : 1 molar ratio and investigated experimentally and computationally. For the computational study, density functional theory (DFT) calculation with B3LYP/6‐31 (+, +) G (d,p) level of theory for MACC and CACC and at B3LYP/SDD basis set for MAGCC was employed and the FT‐IR spectroscopy was used for experimental evaluation. For understanding the orientation of bonds and hydrogen bonding present in DESs geometrically optimized structures were used. Through frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory and HOMO−LUMO values and various quantum chemical parameters, viz., ionization potential (IP), electron affinities (EA), electro negativity (χ), chemical potential (μ), global softness (σ) and hardness (η), electrophilicity index (ω) were calculated for all DESs. These computational values made it clear that MAGCC is the most stable among the three DESs due to the high value of global hardness (η) (3.291 eV) and HOMO−LUMO energy gap (Egap) (6.582 eV) and lowest value of softness (σ) (0.152 eV), CACC shows the moderate values (η=2.452, Egap=4.905 and σ=0.204 eV). While MACC is found to be the least stable and most reactive among three DESs with values of η, Egap and σ, 1.970, 3.940 and 0.254 eV, respectively. Furthermore, MESP analysis gives an idea about the electrophilic and nucleophilic surface region of DESs. This study will give valuable information for a better understanding of DESs and the applicability of computational calculations in the future.
In vitro ruminal fermentation, core nutrient, fatty acids and mineral matter of pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) herbage at different phenological stages
Authors: Kara Kanber , Yilmaz Sena , Güçlü Berrin Kocaoğlu , Demir Seyrani
Published: March 2024

Background

In ruminants, fibrous feedstuffs must be included in the ration to ensure normal rumen physiology and to prevent the occurrence of rumen‐related metabolic diseases. In addition to being a source of fibrous feedstuffs, they contain energy depending on the level of digestion and protein, minerals, fatty acids, minerals, and secondary compounds.

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the nutrient matter, fatty acid, mineral and in vitro rumen fermentation values of the pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) plant.

Methods

The pennyroyal plant samples were collected at different phenological stages (vegetative, full flowering, and seed bulking) from the natural meadow. The samples were analysed for core nutrients, condensed tannins, minerals, fatty acids, and in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters.

Results

The calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) contents and in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters (total gas production and methane production, organic matter digestion (OMd), and the ammonia‐nitrogen) decreased with increasing phenological stage (p < 0.05). The percentages of linoleic, α‐linolenic, ω‐3, ω‐6 and polyunsaturated fatty (PUFA) acids of the pennyroyal plant linearly increased with the phenological stages (p < 0.05). However, butyric acid (BA) concentration in the in vitro ruminal fermentation fluid in the full flowering stage was lower than that of other stages (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Pennyroyal plant is a functional plant in terms of high values of ether extract (EE), α‐linolenic acid, linoleic acid, ∑ω‐3 fatty acids, Ca, Fe and Zn contents. For this plant to be used as animal feed, the stage when it has the highest values for Ca, Mg, S and Zn minerals and in vitro OMd were vegetative and full flowering. The stage with good potential as animal feed for ∑ω‐3 and ∑ω‐6 fatty acids and core nutrients (CP and EE) is the seed bulking stage.
Telomere‐to‐telomere Schizosaccharomyces japonicus genome assembly reveals hitherto unknown genome features
Authors: Etherington Graham J. , Wu Pei‐Shang , Oliferenko Snezhana , Uhlmann Frank , Nieduszynski Conrad A.
Published: March 2024

Schizosaccharomyces japonicus belongs to the single‐genus class Schizosaccharomycetes, otherwise known as “fission yeasts.” As part of a composite model system with its widely studied S. pombe sister species, S. japonicus has provided critical insights into the workings and the evolution of cell biological mechanisms. Furthermore, its divergent biology makes S. japonicus a valuable model organism in its own right. However, the currently available genome assembly contains gaps and has been unable to resolve centromeres and other repeat‐rich chromosomal regions. Here we present a telomere‐to‐telomere long‐read genome assembly of the S. japonicus genome. This includes the three megabase‐length chromosomes, with centromeres hundreds of kilobases long, rich in 5S ribosomal RNA genes, transfer RNA genes, long terminal repeats, and short repeats. We identify a gene‐sparse region on chromosome 2 that resembles a 331 kb centromeric duplication. We revise the genome size of S. japonicus to at least 16.6 Mb and possibly up to 18.12 Mb, at least 30% larger than previous estimates. Our whole genome assembly will support the growing S. japonicus research community and facilitate research in new directions, including centromere and DNA repeat evolution, and yeast comparative genomics.
Reinstatement of the fission yeast species Schizosaccharomyces versatilis Wickerham et Duprat, a sibling species of Schizosaccharomyces japonicus
Authors: Brysch‐Herzberg Michael , Jia Guo‐Song , Sipiczki Matthias , Seidel Martin , Zhang Wen‐Cai , Du Li‐Lin
Published: March 2024

Schizosaccharomyces japonicus Yukawa et Maki (1931) and Schizosaccharomyces versatilis Wickerham et Duprat (1945) have been treated as varieties of S. japonicus or as conspecific, based on various approaches including mating trials and nDNA/nDNA optical reassociation studies. However, the type strains of S. japonicus and S. versatilis differ by five substitutions (99.15% identity) and one 1‐bp indel in the sequences of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rRNA gene, and 23 substitutions (96.3% identity) and 31‐bp indels in the sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of rRNA, suggesting that they may not be conspecific. To reassess their taxonomic status, we conducted mating trials and whole‐genome analyses. Mating trials using the type strains showed a strong but incomplete prezygotic sterility barrier, yielding interspecies mating products at two orders of magnitude lower efficiency than intraspecies matings. These mating products, which were exclusively allodiploid hybrids, were unable to undergo the haplontic life cycle of the parents. We generated chromosome‐level gap‐less genome assemblies for both type strains. Whole genome sequences yielded an average nucleotide identity (ANI) of 86.4%, indicating clear separation of S. japonicus and S. versatilis. Based on these findings, we propose the reinstatement of S. versatilis as a distinct species (holotype strain: CBS 103T and ex‐types: NRRL Y‐1026, NBRC 1607, ATCC 9987, PYCC 7100; Mycobank no.: 847838).
Yeast–insect interactions in southern Africa: Tapping the diversity of yeasts for modern bioprocessing
Authors: Makopa Tawanda P. , Ncube Thembekile , Alwasel Saleh , Boekhout Teun , Zhou Nerve
Published: March 2024

Yeast–insect interactions are one of the most interesting long‐standing relationships whose research has contributed to our understanding of yeast biodiversity and their industrial applications. Although insect‐derived yeast strains are exploited for industrial fermentations, only a limited number of such applications has been documented. The search for novel yeasts from insects is attractive to augment the currently domesticated and commercialized production strains. More specifically, there is potential in tapping the insects native to southern Africa. Southern Africa is home to a disproportionately high fraction of global biodiversity with a cluster of biomes and a broad climate range. This review presents arguments on the roles of the mutualistic relationship between yeasts and insects, the presence of diverse pristine environments and a long history of spontaneous food and beverage fermentations as the potential source of novelty. The review further discusses the recent advances in novelty of industrial strains of insect origin, as well as various ancient and modern‐day industries that could be improved by use yeasts from insect origin. The major focus of the review is on the relationship between insects and yeasts in southern African ecosystems as a potential source of novel industrial yeast strains for modern bioprocesses.
Morphologic Adjustment of a River Reach with Groynes to Channel Bypassing
Authors: Lehotský Milan , Horáčková Šárka , Rusnák Miloš , Štefanička Tomáš , Kleň Jaroslav
Published: March 2024

This article is focused on the investigation of the spatio-temporal variability of the Danube River reach’s vertical accretion thickness due to the response of the Danube River reach to bypassing. Five groyne-induced benches (GIBs) of the bypassed channel developed after water diversion in 1992 was studied by changes in topography for three-time spans (for the original gravel surface, for the surface before the 2013 flood and for the surface after the 2013 flood). The allostratigraphic approach was applied to 548 drilling probes at all GIBs and toptop, supra-platform, tail and backchannel geomorphic units have been identified at each GIB. The main to side-channel system connectivity increase sedimentation rates and the accretion was controlled by large flood events. The 100-year flood in 2013 contributed to the total volume by almost 26%. During study period 1992–2017, totally 1,146,589 m3 was accreted on five GIBs, of this 209,752 m3 during flood event in 2013 and 267,700 m3 in post flood period 2014–2017. The top geomorphic unit exhibits the highest median values of vertical accretion and for all GIBs accretion thickness are not related to the height above the mean channel water level. The thickness of accretion varied, likely because the variability of the vegetation cover caused variable hydraulic conditions and accretion rate span from 3.8 cm.year−1 to 5.3 cm.year−1. The investigation of the sediment thickness over long time spans 24 years and a large flood event) allowed us to conclude that the thickness is spatially variable for individual GIBs; however, its trend over time remains constants depending on the intake of sediments during large floodsd events. This article also provides a methodological template for the detailed investigation of river channel adjustment due to bypassing.
Mangroves of the Maldives: a review of their distribution, diversity, ecological importance and biodiversity of associated flora and fauna
Authors: Cerri Federico , Louis Yohan Didier , Fallati Luca , Siena Federica , Mazumdar Arindam , Nicolai Rossella , Zitouni M. Sami , Adam Aishath Shehenaz , Mohamed Shazla , Lavorano Silvia , Galli Paolo
Published: March 2024

Mangrove forests are one of the most important biological, ecological and economic ecosystems in the world. In the Maldives, they play a crucial role in maintaining coastal biodiversity, providing ecosystem services, such as coastal protection, and supporting livelihoods by providing income and food. Overall, 23 Maldivian islands have at least 1 protected mangrove area. However, knowledge of the mangroves of the Maldives is scarce, scattered and sometimes conflicting. There is a lack of information on a national scale regarding their distribution, diversity, ecological importance and associated biodiversity. The aim of this review is to analyse scientific publications, reports, and online documents on mangroves for the entire Maldivian archipelago to provide the first comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge of mangroves from a national perspective. This includes the geographical location of mangrove forests, the identity and distribution of mangrove species, ecosystem services, ecological importance and diversity of mangrove-associated flora and fauna. We analysed available information from both the grey literature and scientific publications and found that 14 mangrove species have been documented on 108 islands (9% of all Maldivian islands). Mangroves are mainly concentrated in northern atolls and are associated with diverse flora and fauna. Furthermore, we identified inconsistencies and gaps in the literature and proposed future directions for research. This is crucial for informed decision-making, developing effective conservation strategies and long-term sustainability of mangrove ecosystems.