bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Koordinasi Empat Simpang Bersinyal Untuk Kelancaran Arus Lalu Lintas Di Kota Banjarmasin
Authors: Pribadi Ocky S , Fajri Raja , Simanjuntak Robert
Published: March 2022

Jarak antar simpang yang pendek menyebabkan kendaraan mengalami tundaan setiap melewati persimpangan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memberikan kelancaran arus lalu lintas pada ruas jalan yang menghubungkan bagian CBD Kota Banjarmasin. perencanaan koordinasi waktu sinyal diharapkan dapat mengurangi tundaan pada persimpangan dan meningkatkan kecepatan kendaraan. Perhitungan kinerja eksisting persimpangan dilakukan dengan menggunakan PKJI 2014, dan Metode Webster. Koordinasi sinyal membutuhkan waktu siklus yang sama untuk keempat simpang yang didapatkan dari hasil optimasi persimpangan yang paling optimal sehingga didapatkan waktu siklus yaitu 116 detik. Analisis koordinasi sinyal dengan memperhatikan tingkat penyebaran pleton dan jarak antar simpang serta kecepatan kendaraan menggunakan teori offset dan bandwith sehingga pleton semaksimal mungkin mendapatkan sinyal hijau yang berkelanjutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan kinerja persimpangan setelah dikoordinasikan yaitu penurunan nilai derajat kejenuhan rata-rata sebesar 10,81%, penurunan panjang antrian rata-rata sebesar 7,61%, dan penurunan tundaan rata-rata sebesar 2,69%.
Penggunaan Alat Semboyan 21 Malam pada Gerbong Daop 5 Purwokerto
Authors: Hermawan Azhar , Rumaratu Sidemus Purwanto , P Yunanda
Published: March 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis penggunaan alat semboyan 21 malam pada gerbong Daop 5 Purwokerto. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitati dengan pendekatan analsisi deskriptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa tahapan, diantaranya adalah tahap persiapan, tahap perancangan, tahap perwujudan alat dan tahap pengujian alat. Data dalam penelitian terdiri dari data primer dan data sekunder. Analisis data hasil penelitian menggunakan analisis gangguan semboyan 21 malam gerbong dan analisis kondisi eksisting semboyan 21 malam gerbong. Berasarkan data dan analisis, dapat disimpulkan bahwa: 1) Dari segi indikasi pencahayaan lampu Semboyan 21 malam gerbong yang kurang terang maka diusulkan untuk mengganti lampu yang digunakan sekarang dengan LED karena dari segi pencahayaan yang dihasilkan lebih terang, jelas dan jarak tampak yang lebih jauh; 2) Dengan berbagai macam bentuk, ukuran dan rangkaian lampu Semboyan 21 malam yang ada di lintas Purwokerto - Kutoarjo maka diusulkan untuk memehuni Peratutan Dinas 3 PT.KAI dan spesifikasi teknis semboyan 21 No.054/ST-N.F/RE. agar ada keseragaman di setiap stasiun dan dipo; dan 3) Keterbatasan semboyan 21 dan cadangan semboyan 21 yang kurang memadai disebabkan karena lampu semboyan 21 hanya bergantung pada daya baterai yang digunakan selama perjalanan.
Peningkatan Unit Pengawas Urusan Gerbong (PUG) Menjadi Unit Pelaksana Teknis (Depo) Di Rewulu
Authors: AS Hartono , Rahman Syamsul Abdul , Umiyati Siti
Published: March 2022

Demi meningkatkan mobilitas masyarakat yang semakin meningkat setiap tahunnnya pemerintah perlu meningkatkan kapasitas transportasi baik jalan maupun sarana dan prasarananya. Transportasi ialah perpindahan orang atau barang dari suatu tempat ke tempat lainnya atau dari tempat asal ke tempat tujuan dengan menggunakan sebuah sarana yang di gerakan oleh manusia, hewan bahkan mesin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak dari Peningkatan Unit Pengawas Urusan Gerbong (Pug) Menjadi Unit Pelaksana Teknis (Depo) Di Rewulu. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan literatur dengan menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Dari hasil Penelitian didapatkan hasil bahwa fungsi Unit Pengawas Urusan Gerbong akan di tingkatkan menjadi Depo Gerbong Kelas C di Rewulu. Terdapat Kekurangan Pegawai Sebanyak 18 Pegawai (Pelaksana/Teknisi) Dan Belum Semua Pegawai Memiliki Sertifikat Kompetensi Tenaga Perawatan Sarana Perkeretaapian. Dalam rangka peningkatan status masih ada beberapa fasilitas yang belum memenuhi standar fasilitas minimum.
PROPORSI SEPEDA MOTOR TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN RUANG PEJALAN KAKI
Authors: Raharjo Effendi Prih , Angga Dessy , Yahya Purnama , Novitasari Novitasari , Handayani Sabrina
Published: March 2022

Meningkatkan aksesibilitas pejalan kaki adalah kebijakan populer di negara-negaramaju.Bertentangan dengan negara-negara maju, negara berkembang seperti Indonesia menganggapberjalan kaki merupakan kebiasaan yang tidak populer di daerah perkotaan. Hal ini dibuktikan diKota Bekasi sebagai salah satu kota di Indonesia. Selain faktor internal dari pelaku pejalan kaki itusendiri seperti: kemalasan, efisiensi waktu, dan faktor budaya; faktor eksternal juga berkontribusiterhadap masalah. Faktor-faktor eksternal seperti iklim, cuaca, polusi, dan fasilitas pejalan kakiyang tidak mendukung. Buruknya kondisi aksesibilitas pejalan kaki berkontribusi pada kurangnyaminat masyarakat Bekasi dalam menggunakan transportasi umum.Oleh karena itu, banyak orang diBekasi memilih untuk menggunakan angkutan pribadi daripada angkutan umum.Meningkatkan walkability tidak memerlukan investasi modal yang besar seperti penggunaanmoda transportasi lainnya. Aspek yang paling penting untuk meningkatkan aksesibilitas pejalankaki adalah kondisi prasarana dan integrasi dengan fasilitas angkutan umum. Hal ini karenahampir semua aktivitas kehidupan manusia bertujuan untuk memindahkan orang dari satu tempatke tempat lain dengan berjalan.Dalam penelitian ini menganalisis kurangnya kesadaran pengguna sepeda motor yangmengorbankan fasilitas pejalan kaki untuk meningkatkan aksesibilitas dengan memaksamenggunakan trotoar untuk menghindari kemacetan dijalan raya. Selain itu kurangnya integrasipejalan kaki dengan fasilitas angkutan umum yang kurang memadai sebagai sumber masalahtransportasi di Bekasi.Terkait dengan itu, penelitian ini memberikan desain prasarana pejalan kakisesuai dengan konsep Pedestrian Oriented Development (POD) dan New Urban Concept.
EVALUASI KINERJA SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA PENGUJI KENDARAAN BERMOTOR DI ERA OTONOMI DAERAH
Authors: Cahyono Ujang , Jehosua Jopie , Hardianto Dani , Yudhanta Ricko , Santoso Herdi
Published: March 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja pengujian kendaraan bermotor (PKB) di berbagai daerah pada saat sebelum dan di era otonomi daerah. Kinerja tersebut adalah bagaimana tingkat pelayanan pengujian kendaraan bermotor kepada masyarakat di berbagai daerah dikaitkan dengan ketersediaan dan kesiapan alat uji, SDM, dan prosedur yang berlaku. Tujuan berikutnya adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi peralatan uji yang digunakan, jumlah SDM yang terlibat dalam pengujian, kondisi prasarana uji yang tersedia serta prosedur yang digunakan. Penelitian menggunakan dua data yaitu data sekunder dan data primer, data sekunder dibutuhkan sebagai bahan analisis sedangkan data primer digunakan untuk observasi, survei dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peralatan atau alat uji yang mengalami kerusakan, sumber daya manusia yang terbatas dan belum kompeten, prosedur kerja yang tidak tersosialisasi dengan baik dan prasarana yang tidak standar. Hal tersebut jelas berpengaruh pada mutu pelayanan dankualitas hasil ujinya. Adanya desakan pemenuhan pendapatan daerah juga berpengaruh pada pola pelayanan uji di daerah.
ANALISIS KOMPARASI TARIF SEWA ANGKUTAN WISATA AIR DALAM KOTA PALEMBANG ( STUDI KASUS DERMAGA BKB KE TUJUAN WISATA MUSI )
Authors: Ilham Chairul I. , Tuip Anwar , Kusnendy Kusnendy , Purboyo Purboyo
Published: March 2022

Issue  yang  berkembang  dalam pemberlakuan tariff  angkutan wisata  di sungai  musi belum menggali aspek social ekonomi  maupun  financial  harga(tariff)  angkutan yang di gunakan atau diberlakukan  pada saat ini.  Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis  dengan melakukan survai dan kajian perhitungan  tariff  yang ber indicator  pada  harga  dalam rupiah  perkilometer( KM 73 Tahun 2004),  namun dilain pihak dilakukan juga  kajian  bagaimana  share  tariff yang diinginkan penumpang/wisatawan  serta operator  kapalnya sendiri.

Dan sesungguhnya  antara  share  harga yang ditawarkan operator  bila  dibandingkan  dengan kemampuan membayar dan keinginan membayar penumpang (Willingness to pay  and  ablity to pay) bahwa  nilai deviasi  harga keduanya hamper tidak  jauh berbeda atau sekitar 2,5-3,0 persen.

Tetapi bila dibandingkan  dengan hasil perhitungan yang berdasarkan tariff jarak(KM 73/2004), bahwa getek harganya Rp 192.600/kapal/trip dan speedboat Rp 179.760/kapal/trip.  Harga ini lebih  rendah sekitar  50  persen dari harga yang ditawarkan operator maupun keinginan dan kemampuan membayar penumpang wisata. Mengingat tingkat  kesenjangan  perhitungan  yang  cukup tinggi, maka perlu  dikaji lagi ketentuan khusus  untuk tariff kapal wisata.
KAJIAN DAMPAK PENGOPERASIAN KERETA API BANDARA TERHADAP OPERASI KERETA API KOMUTER DI DAOP I - DKI JAKARTA
Authors: Suraharta I Made , Istianto Bambang , Asrizal Asrizal , Rili Rianto
Published: March 2022

Dalam wilayah operasi kereta api DAOP I Jabodetabek saat ini beroperasi kereta api komuter (loop line), kereta api jarak menengah dan jauh. Pada tahun 2018 akan direncanakan beroperasinya kereta api Bandara Soekarno Hatta (KA BASOETA). Adapun jalur KA BASOETA dan KA Komuter DAOP I Jabodetabek. Rencana pengoperasin Kereta Api BASOETA akan mengambil relasi Manggarai (MRI) – Dukuh Atas (DK) – Tanah Abang (THB) – Duri (DU) – Batu Ceper (BTC) – Bandara Soekarno Hatta (BASOETA). Sebagian dari relasi perjalanan KA BASOETA akan menggunakan rute KA eksisting, yaitu dari Manggarai sd Batu Ceper yang mana saat ini sudah beroperasi. Beroperasinya  KA BASOETA yang diperkirakan membutuhkan kapasitas lintas 80 KA akan membebankan lintas KA Komuter (loop line) yang saat ini sudah mencapai 80 KA.
PENGEMBANGAN KOMPETENSI LANJUTAN PROGRAM STUDI DIPLOMA IV TRANSPORTASI DARAT KE JENJANG MAGISTER TERAPAN
Authors: Novita Gloria , Asrizal Asrizal , Angga Dessy , Handayani Sabrina
Published: March 2022

STTD sebagai sebuah lembaga pendidikan tinggi kedinasan di bawah BPSDM Kementerian Perhubungan mempunyai mandat untuk mengelola program studi sesuai tugas pokok dan fungsi dalam memenuhi kebutuhan SDM. Dalam upaya menghasilkan SDM professional untuk menangani kebutuhan layanan dan pengembangan sistem transportasi darat baik pada tataran nasional maupun global, STTD telah meletakkan rencana strategis pengembangan pendidikan 2015-2023, dalam kerangka pengeuasan pengetahuan dan teknologi transportasi darat yang utuh. Sejalan dengan itu, Program Magister Terapan Transportasi ada di dalam Rencana Induk Pengembangan STTD dan sekaligus juga sejalan dengan Naskah Akademik Politeknik Sekolah Tinggi Transportasi Darat STTD yang sedang berproses.  Dengan bentuk kelembagaan Politeknik, yaitu pendidikan vokasi ini, maka bentuk yang sesuai adalah magister terapan. Peluang yang dimiliki cukup besar mengingat saat ini di Indonesia belum terdapat Magister Terapan Transportasi.
PENINGKATAN KESELAMATAN PELAYARAN MENCAPAI NOL KECELAKAAN KAPAL PENYEBERANGAN DI LINTAS KALI ADEM – PULAU SERIBU
Authors: Tarli Tarli , Sugita Sugita , Andarau Tri Yuli , Rasyid Ubaini , Bardi Bardi
Published: March 2022

Pelabuhan penyeberangan Kaliadem Jakarta melayani lintas penyeberangan dari Jakarta ke beberapa pelabuhan  yang ada di Pulau Seribu sebagai daerah tujuan wisata bagi propinsi DKI Jakarta, Seiring dengan hal tersebut sejauh ini tingkat pelayanan yang diberikan oleh operator sarana dan pelabuhan penyeberangan kaliadem masih belum memadai, hal ini terlihat dari lemahnya pengawasan pelayanan angkutan orang di   kapal yang terkait dengan persyaratan  keselamatan dan keamanan angkutan  di perairan melalui  ketaatan  terhadap pemenuhan kapasitas muat kapal, Kurangnya pelatihan untuk menambah dan mempertahankan kecakapan dan ketrampilan  anak buah kapal dan lemahnya   disiplin dari  pengguna jasa pelayaran terhadap pentingnya keselamatan pelayaran kapal serta kurangnya perawatan kapal dan semua  perlengkapan peralatan penolong dan peralatan komunikasi radio di kapal
Naar een werkbaar en realistisch model voor stakeholder governance en de rol van aandeelhouders daarin
Authors: Kemp B.
Published: March 2022

Naar een werkbaar en realistisch model voor stakeholder governance en de rol van aandeelhouders daarin

In zijn oratie gaat Kemp in op de spanning die binnen de vennootschap bestaat tussen de vennootschapsleiding die het belang van de vennootschap moet behartigen en de aandeelhouders die – volgens de heersende leer – hun eigen belang mogen behartigen. Mede op grond van rechtseconomische gedachten doet hij een aanzet tot hoe de bevoegdheidsverdeling binnen de vennootschap verder kan worden vormgegeven.
Effect of partially replacing soybean meal with sunflower meal with supplementation of multienzymes on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, ileal digestibility, digestive enzyme activity and caecal microbiota in broilers
Authors: Yaqoob Muhammad Umar , Yousaf Muhammad , Imran Safdar , Hassan Safdar , Iqbal Waqar , Zahid Muhammad Umer , Ahmad Naveed , Wang Minqi
Published: March 2022

Objective: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of partially replacing soybean meal (SBM) with sunflower meal (SFM) with added exogenous multienzymes (MEs) on various biological parameters in broilers.Methods: One week-old, 400 broiler chicks were randomly divided into four treatments (control, 3SFM, 6SFM, and 9SFM) with 5 replicates/treatment (20 chicks/replicate). Control diet was without SFM and MEs, while diets of 3SFM, 6SFM, and 9SFM treatments were prepared by replacing SBM with SFM at levels of 3%, 6%, and 9%, respectively, and were supplemented with MEs (100 mg/kg). Feeding trial was divided into grower (8 to 21 day) and finisher phases (22 to 35 day). External marker method was used to measure the nutrient digestibility. At the end of trial, twenty birds (one birds per replicate) with similar body weight were slaughtered for samples collection.Results: No significant effect of dietary treatments was found on all parameters of growth performance and carcass characteristics, except relative weight of bursa. Weight (25.0 g) and length (15.80 cm) of duodenum were significantly (p<0.05) higher in 3SFM than control. Lowest (p<0.05) villus height/crypt depth ratio was found in 3SFM and 9SFM than control. Most of meat quality parameters remained unaffected, however, highest pH of breast meat (6.16) and thigh meat (6.44) were observed in 9SFM and 3SFM, respectively. Lowest (p<0.05) cook loss of thigh meat was found in 6SFM (31.76%). Ileal digestibility of crude protein was significantly (p<0.05) higher in 3SFM (72.35%) than control (69.46%). In addition, amylase (16.87 U/mg) and protease (85.18 U/mg) activities were significantly (p<0.05) higher in 3SFM than control. However, cecal microbial count remained unaffected.Conclusion: Partial replacement (up to 9%) of SBM with SFM, with added MEs can help to improve the nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activities without affecting cecal microbial count and growth performance in broilers.
Effect of lactoferrin on ram sperm motility after cryopreservation
Authors: Su Jie , Wang Caiyun , Song Yongli , Yang Yanyan , Cao Guifang
Published: March 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyse the differentially abundant proteins caused by freeze–thawing of ram sperm and explore candidate proteins of interest for their ability to improve ram sperm cryopreservation outcomes in vitro.Methods: Sperm were from three mature Dorper. Fresh and frozen sperm proteins were extracted, and the differentially abundant proteins were analysed by mass spectrometry. Among these proteins, lactoferrin (LTF) was selected to be added before cryopreservation. Next, sperm samples were diluted in Tris extender, with the addition of 0, 10, 100, 500, and 1,000 μg/mL of LTF. After thawing, sperm quality was evaluated by motility, plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS).Results: Cryopreservation significantly altered the abundance of 40 proteins; the abundance of 16 proteins was increased, while that of 24 proteins was decreased. Next, LTF was added to Tris extender applied to ram sperm. The results showed that sperm motility and plasma membrane integrity were significantly improved (p<0.05) by supplementation with 10 μg/mL LTF compared to those in the control group. There was no significant difference in mitochondrial activity between the 0 μg/mL group and other groups (p>0.05). Supplementation of the cryoprotective extender with 10 μg/mL LTF led to decreased ROS levels compared with those in the control and other groups (p<0.05).Conclusion: The LTF is an important protein during cryopreservation, and the addition of 10 μg/mL LTF to a cryoprotective extender can significantly improve the function of frozen ram sperm.
COVID-19 Reinfection or Relapse? A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study from Iran
Authors: Salehi Mohammadreza , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad , Alavi Darazam Ilad , Tabarsi Payam , Rabiei Mohammad Mahdi , Hatami Firouze , Ghadimi Somayeh , Emadi Koochak Hamid , Veisi Parastoo , Ghiasvand Fereshteh , Asadollahi-Amin Ali
Published: March 2022

Background: Returning symptomatic patients with a history of recovered COVID-19 with a new positive SARS CoV-2 PCR test after several weeks to months of a negative PCR result is challenging during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives: We aimed to determine such Iranian patients' clinical and laboratory characteristics and discuss possible reasons. Methods: We retrospectively investigated SARS CoV-2 PCR tests in three referral hospitals. All patients who had the following criteria were included in the study: two SARS CoV-2 PCR-positive tests three months apart, no symptoms, a negative PCR test between the two positive tests, and access to the patient and medical information. Then, we retrospectively recorded the clinical and laboratory characteristics of the eligible patients. We also compared the clinical and laboratory features in the first and second episodes. Results: Among 1,899 patients, 37 cases were eligible in the study based on our criteria. The majority of patients were males and nurses. The mean age was 37.54 ± 15.16 years. Weakness, myalgia, and fever were the most frequent clinical symptoms in both episodes. The mean interval between discharge and second presentation was 117 ± 61.42 days. The clinical, radiological, and laboratory characteristics were not significantly different between the two episodes, except for significantly more dexamethasone use in the second episode (P = 0.03). Conclusions: We could not cultivate the virus and perform the phylogenic sequencing of SARS-CoV-2; however, the prolonged interval between the two episodes suggests probable reinfection in our cases. Finally, this clinical phenomenon may be more common in HCW without a significant consequence; however, most cases were HCW who had more compatibility with our criteria due to the availability of their medical information.
The Tomorrow Man
Authors: Zwicker Richard ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: March 2022

Would being able to “remember” the future be a gift or a curse? What duties would that create to the future? Could a person without uncertainly ever have hope? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, the narrator (“Author”) goes to a psychoanalyst with a unique problem, he claims he can “remember” the future and that this ability to prevented him from have a fulfilled life. He still has free will, can be purposefully make different choices, however, whenever he does this, he has new memories about the new future he has just created. Additionally, he says, every time he has changed the future, it has been to the detriment of others and made things worse. He even remembers the location and day of his death. After his final therapy session Arthur goes to the location to save another person’s life, and die in the process. However, things don’t go quite as planned and Author ends up, not dying, but losing his power to remember the future.
Soul Reader
Authors: Calhoun Judi ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: March 2022

Why do some people look forward to the day of their death? What can we do to better see those people, and understand their perspective? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, Michael is dying of cancer and has refused treatment. On a fateful day a winged woman comes down and attacks him, giving him the power to completely feel and understand the emotions of anyone near death. Confused, but with his new power, Michael finally is able to understand his friend’s artwork, and uses this knowledge to get his aunt to agree to a gallery showing of his work. He also feels the pain of a boy in need of a transplant and agrees to be a donor. Finally, he talks to his estranged sister and is able to convince her he feels that same pain surrounding their parents’ death that she does. Accordingly, she is finally willing to put away her hate for him and accept his offer of a bone marrow donation. Everything comes to a head when a different friend attempts suicide and Michael finds himself in the hospital waiting to help his friend, the boy, and his sister, simultaneously, through various medical procedures.
Technoscience, Humanity and Man
Authors: Volkov Yuri K. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2022

This article is a reflection on some conceptual ideas of the book “Humanity and Technos: the philosophy of coevolution” related to negative assessments of the socio-anthropological consequences of the development of technoscience. It is noted that the author’s criticism of novationist interpretations of scientific and technological progress is subordinated to the main idea of the book about the incompatibility of the principles of convergence and coevolution in the relationship between man and technology. It is shown that the book examines not only the external challenges of technoscience, but also the areas of scientific research that threatens the world of traditional man. Based on the results of the analysis of the book's content the following main conclusions are made. 1. Despite the presence of a large group of social problems generated by the fourth technological order the authors of the book are most concerned about the consequences of the development of digital technologies that can change the man's generic nature. 2. Rhetorical theory of number considering in the book as a worldview paradigm of the digital revolution actually has a narrower subject specificity. 3. The assumption that exist a parallel evolution of technology independent of human is contradicting the original premise about the artificial nature of artifacts. 4. Conclusion about the presence of animal traits in humans that were lost during technological revolution is requires specification. 5. The problem of an existential crisis caused by the appearance of a new class of technical artifacts and also the theme of the deficit of freedom in the virtual space has not been its developed. 6. The project of the ideology of left conservatism positioned as the most consistent variant of the philosophy of resistance to the “technogenic degradation of mankind” seems to contradict the dialectical-revolutionary essence of classical Marxism. In conclusion the ideological sense of the main goal for humanity proposed by the authors and the relativity of the ideology of conservatism are shown.
Epistemic Relativism and the Gettier Problem
Authors: Vervoort Louis , Shevchenko Alexander A. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2022

The aim of this article is to present a variant of epistemic relativism that is compatible with a language practice especially popular among scientists. We argue that in science, but also in philosophy, propositions are naturally ‘relativized’ to sets of hypotheses or theories, and that a similar language practice allows one to interpret canonical problems of epistemology. We apply the model to Gettier’s problem, and derive a condition under which counterexamples à la Gettier to Plato’s account of knowledge do not arise. We argue that these findings give further content to a well-known result by Zagzebski (1994). Our interpretation points to a type of epistemic relativism having links with contextualism in epistemology, and perspectivism in philosophy of science.
English as a lingua franca — a paradigm shift for Translation and Interpreting
Authors: Albl-Mikasa Michaela
Published: March 2022

The global spread of English as a lingua franca (ELF) has caused a fundamental change to translation and interpreting (T&I). Translation and interpreting used to revolve around bilingual mediation between native speakers and native listeners. In interpreting, in particu­lar, more often than not, source speeches are now produced by non-native English speakers. The impact of this development has the potential to uproot our traditional understanding of T&I. This article sets out to describe how ELF or, more specifically, input produced by non-native English speakers under ELF conditions, differs from the native-speaker input, transla­tors and interpreters used to be dealing with. It gauges the consequences of these differences for translation and interpreting and examines how fundamental a change it is navigating between non-native speakers and listeners, as compared to the traditional situation of mediat­ing between speakers and listeners operating in their respective first languages. This culmi­nates in an exploration of the question as to whether there is reason to speak of a paradigm shift in translation and interpreting studies.
Entertainment and education through literary translation in a diaspora newspaper. Literary translations in Prosveta, a newspaper of Slo­vene-American émigré community
Authors: Pokorn Nike , Pogačar Timothy
Published: March 2022

The main argument of the article is that literary translation assumed different roles in émigré periodicals: from serving educational purposes, through amplifying the diaspora’s cultural identity, to providing entertainment to their readership, and that all these roles con­formed to the political and ideological orientation and positioning of the newspaper and its editors. The article focuses on the newspaper Prosveta (The Enlightenment), a left-of-centre progressive newspaper published by the Slovene diaspora in the U. S., and the presence of literary translations in the period from its establishment in 1916 to 1933 when it began ap­pearing only five days a week and its circulation began to fall. We analyzed 5273 issues of Prosveta, identified all literary translations, and classified them into three categories. The results show that the choice of authors whose works were translated and published in the newspaper reflects the ideological positioning of the editors and newspaper, and blurs the dis­tinction between two categories of translated works: between the works selected for the educa­tion and those for the entertainment of Prosveta’ s readership.
The influence of bacterial infections on the course and outcome of patients with liver cirrhosis: Prophylaxis and treatment
Authors: Milovanović Tamara , Nikolić Vladimir
Published: March 2022

Bacterial infections in liver cirrhosis are very common and currently represent one of the most important causes of progression of liver disease, repeated hospitalizations and leading cause of death. The incidence of bacterial infections is 4-5 times higher in patients with cirrhosis compared to the general population, while mortality is 3.75 times higher in patients who develop bacterial infection. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, urinary infection, pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections, and bacteremia are the most common bacterial infections, and E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacteriaceae are among the most common causes of these. In recent years, research has shown that increasingly frequent bacterial infections are present in patients with cirrhosis of multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDRs) such as Enterobacteriaceae extended spectrum that produce b-lactamase (ESBL), non-fermentable gram negative bacilli such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Acinetobacter baumanii, Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-sensitive or resistant Enterococci (VSE, VRE). Recent studies have shown that there is an increasing prevalence of resistance to the most frequently used antibiotics in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, such as Norfloxacin and the third generation Cephalosporin, and therefore an early antibiotic treatment with adequate antibiotics is of crucial importance.
Psychopathy as a ethical category: A historical overview
Authors: Popović Viktorija , Damjanović Aleksandar
Published: March 2022

Moral and moral behavioral disorders are present in a wide range of behavioral disorders, but they are never as easily noticed as in psychopathy. Starting from the different theoretical assumptions on the development of morality through history, we have attempted to present possible links of disorders of moral judgment and moral behavior with psychopathy in a comprehensive way. The dominant conceptions of morality significant for understanding psychopathy are presented through stages and levels of moral development in the mass population, which has been adapted to the category of psychopaths for the purpose of this paper.
MULTI-COUNTRY DEMAND FORECASTING FOR A COMPANY IN THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR, BASED ON EXTERNAL MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES EXTRACTED FROM OPEN DATA SOURCES
Authors: POLO NAVARRO LORENA , SARASA RUBIO MARTA , CIPRES BAGÜESTE DAVID , ESCUIN FINOL DAVID
Published: March 2022

Demand forecasting is a very important feature in companies since it provides valuable information for taking decisions about planning, pricing and business growth strategies. In this paper, multi-country demand forecasting for a company of the construction industry is carried out. In the case study, we analyze different external variables from open data sources of each country in order to reduce uncertainty in demand forecasting. The analysis is carried out with different univariate and multivariate methods. The results show how the consideration of external variables improves the forecasts. Finally, forecasts of different kinds of demand are evaluated using Syntetos, Boylan and Croston classification methodology.

Key words: Demand forecasting, forecast models, multivariate methods, accuracy indicators
Dolutegravir drug-drug interactions
Authors:   Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Mondleki E , Maartens G ,   Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Published: March 2022

Dolutegravir is neither an inducer nor an inhibitor of metabolising enzymes, and it therefore has a low propensity to act as a perpetrator of drug-drug interactions. Clinically significant decreases in dolutegravir exposure occur when it is co-administered with strong inducers (e.g. rifampicin, efavirenz) of drug metabolising enzymes and drug efflux transporters for which dolutegravir is a substrate – this can be overcome by increasing the dose of dolutegravir from 50 mg once daily to 50 mg twice daily. Dolutegravir significantly increases metformin plasma exposure: one must not exceed metformin 500 mg twice daily with concomitant dolutegravir. Divalent or trivalent cations chelate dolutegravir. Therefore, concomitant administration of dolutegravir with aluminium- and calcium-containing antacids should be avoided. Dolutegravir can be administered with calcium and iron supplements, provided these are taken together with food.
Long-stay medical-surgical intensive care unit patients in South Africa: Quality of life and mortality 1 year after discharge
Authors:   Adult Critical Care Unit, Livingstone Tertiary Hospital, Gqeberha, South Africa, van der Merwe E ,   Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa, Baker D ,   Adult Critical Care Unit, Livingstone Tertiary Hospital, Gqeberha, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa, Sharp G ,   Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa, van Niekerk M ,   Adult Critical Care Unit, Livingstone Tertiary Hospital, Gqeberha, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa, Paruk F ,   Department of Critical Care, Steve Biko Academic Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Published: March 2022

Background. Although mortality is the primary measure of critical care outcome, the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of survivors is often diminished. There is a paucity of South African research on HRQOL in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. Objectives. To evaluate the 1-year post-discharge data of long-stay ICU patients, a group known to consume 20 - 40% of ICU resources. Methods. A 1-year prospective observational study was conducted in a multidisciplinary medical-surgical ICU. Adult patients who were mechanically ventilated beyond 6 days were included. Clinical and mortality data were collected. Pre-admission and 6- and 12-month HRQOL were measured with the Short Form-36 questionnaire. Physical and mental component summary scores (PCS and MCS) were calculated. Associations between 12-month mortality and poor HRQOL scores were determined. Results. Of 119 patients enrolled, 40.3% had sustained trauma, 19.3% were post-surgical and 40.3% had medical conditions; 29.2% were HIV-positive (HIV status was known for 74.8% of the cohort). The hospital and 12-month mortality rates were 42.9% and 57.4% (n=66/115), respectively. Age, longer ICU stay, higher disease severity scores and vasopressor use were associated with 12-month mortality. The survivors’ median PCS and MCS at 6 and 12 months were significantly lower compared with pre-admission scores (both p<0.001). At 12 months, 53.1% of survivors demonstrated a poor PCS and 42.9% a poor MCS. Associations with poor 12-month PCS included longer ICU stay, male gender and trauma, while trauma and sepsis were associated with a poor 12-month MCS. Among the 19 trauma survivors, 78.9% had a poor MCS and/or PCS. Of previously employed patients, 54.8% were unemployed at 12 months. Conclusions. Patients ventilated beyond 6 days in a multidisciplinary ICU had a high mortality. Poor HRQOL at 12 months post discharge was frequently observed among survivors. Trauma was associated with poor 12-month outcomes. These findings highlight the need to further explore the outcomes of long-stay ICU patients in Africa.
The cost of harmful alcohol use in South Africa: A commentary
Authors:   School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Murray M , Barr G D I ,   Department of Statistical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Published: March 2022

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Change in profile of COVID-19 deaths in Western Cape Province, South Africa, during the fourth wave
Authors:   Health Intelligence, Western Cape Government Health, South Africa, Paleker M ,   Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa, Davies M-A ,   Health Intelligence, Western Cape Government Health, South Africa; Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Raubenheimer P ,   Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Naude J ,   Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Boulle A ,   Health Intelligence, Western Cape Government Health, South Africa; Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Hussey H ,   Health Intelligence, Western Cape Government Health, South Africa; Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Published: March 2022

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Numerical simulation of flow pattern for non-Newtonian flow in agitated thin film evaporator
Authors: Zheng Suo-Sheng , Huang Yao , Zou Kun , Peng Yi-Tian ,   College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
Published: March 2022

Agitated thin film evaporator (ATFE) is a new type of high-efficiency evaporator where a film is forced to form through a rotating scraper and the high-viscosity non-Newtonian flow materials can be evaporated smoothly. The flow distribution and transmission mechanism of the material in the evaporator directly determine the evaporation efficiency and power consumption of the evaporator. Unlike previous study that was based mainly on Newtonian flow, this paper establishes a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model of ATFE for non-Newtonian flow with different viscosities, and systematically probes the flow field distribution characteristics and film forming mechanism in the evaporator. The results show that the flow field distribution characteristics of low-viscosity non-Newtonian flow are similar to those of Newtonian flow, the material can form a uniform and continuous liquid film on the wall; as the viscosity increases, the uniformity and continuity of the liquid film gradually deteriorate. Through studying the flow field distribution and transmission form of the materials, and combining the liquid film distribution, velocity distribution, shear strain rate distribution, and viscosity distribution, it is found that the shear field and viscosity distribution formed by the internal structure and operating state of the evaporator are the key to the good film formation. In addition, it is proposed that the bending of the leading edge of the scraper can assist the spreading of high viscous fluid liquid film, and the best bending angle is explored. This research provides theoretical guidance and basis for the design and application of ATFE.
Polyphenols and Minor Constituents in Honey from North Macedonia and Bulgaria
Authors: Bogojovska Martina , Stefova Marina , Stanoeva Jasmina , Bankova Vassya , Popova Milena
Published: March 2022

Honey is a highly concentrated sugar solution that is a rich source of many bioactive compounds including numerous minor constituents. Among them, polyphenols such as flavonoids and phenolic acids are the most important classes of pharmacologically active compounds. Together with other minor constituents they are also considered potential chemical markers for the botanical and geographical origin of honey as well as for its authenticity.

A solid-phase extraction procedure and HPLC/DAD/MSn method has been applied for identification and quantification of minor constituents in honey from the region of Bulgaria, North Macedonia, and Greece. Solid-phase extraction using Amberlite XAD-2 as an adsorbent was used for sample preparation enabling purification and concentration of the analysed compounds, mainly polyphenols. In total, 16 compounds were identified in the 21 extracts, 3 of them hydroxycinammic acids (caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic acid), 5 flavonoids (naringenin, chrysin, galangin, pinocembrin and pinobanksin methyl ether) as well as gluconic acid, quinic acid, ascorbic acid, phenyllactic acid, kynurenic acid and abscisic acid in its two isomeric forms. Quantification of the identified polyphenols was made by an external calibration. The results showed that the developed method presented here is suitable for obtaining qualitative and quantitative data for polyphenols of honey.
DNA-repair Deficient Strains Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as Good Tools for Environmental Toxicology
Authors: Dimitrova Maria , Miteva Daniela , Todorova Teodora , Parvanova Petya , Yovkova Maria , Dimitrov Martin , Chankova Stephka
Published: March 2022

The aim of the present study was to compare stress response of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strains with different DNA repair capability to zeocin in order to develop a set of endpoints for the revealing of very low levels of xenobiotics. Four C. reinhardtii genotypes – 137C (wild type); CW15 (cell-wallless); UVS-10 (recombination-repair deficient); UVS-14 (mismatch-repair deficient) and different endpoints were applied – micro-colonies survival assay, malondialdehyde (MDA) and intracellular H2O2 quantities, carotenoids content, double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) induction. Based on the cell survival, strains could be arranged as follows: WT > CW > UVS10 ∼ UVS14. The strongest oxidative stress, measured as the highest MDA and H2O2 contents, was evaluated for UVS-14 genotype. The highest quantity of DSBs induced was measured after zeocin treatment with low doses (2–10 μg/ml) for UVS-10 genotype (P < 0.01). Based on the data reported, a short-term bioassay based on C. reinhardtii with DNA repair-deficient genotypes is proposed to be successfully used in genotoxicity screening of low doses xenobiotics – micro-colonies assay on both strains (UVS-10 and UVS-14); measurement of the kinetics of MDA and H2O2 content on strain UVS-14, and primary induced DSBs levels on strain UVS-10.
Intrinsic timescales as an organizational principle of neural processing across the whole rhesus macaque brain
Authors: Manea Ana MG , Zilverstand Anna , Ugurbil Kamil , Heilbronner Sarah R , Zimmermann Jan
Published: March 2022

Hierarchical temporal dynamics are a fundamental computational property of the brain; however, there are no whole brain, noninvasive investigations into timescales of neural processing in animal models. To that end, we used the spatial resolution and sensitivity of ultrahigh field functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) performed at 10.5 T to probe timescales across the whole macaque brain. We uncovered within-species consistency between timescales estimated from fMRI and electrophysiology. Crucially, we extended existing electrophysiological hierarchies to whole-brain topographies. Our results validate the complementary use of hemodynamic and electrophysiological intrinsic timescales, establishing a basis for future translational work. Further, with these results in hand, we were able to show that one facet of the high-dimensional functional connectivity (FC) topography of any region in the brain is closely related to hierarchical temporal dynamics. We demonstrated that intrinsic timescales are organized along spatial gradients that closely match FC gradient topographies across the whole brain. We conclude that intrinsic timescales are a unifying organizational principle of neural processing across the whole brain.
Small proline-rich proteins (SPRRs) are epidermally produced antimicrobial proteins that defend the cutaneous barrier by direct bacterial membrane disruption
Authors: Zhang Chenlu , Hu Zehan , Lone Abdul G , Artami Methinee , Edwards Marshall , Zouboulis Christos C , Stein Maggie , Harris-Tryon Tamia A
Published: March 2022

Human skin functions as a physical barrier, preventing the entry of foreign pathogens while also accommodating a myriad of commensal microorganisms. A key contributor to the skin landscape is the sebaceous gland. Mice devoid of sebocytes are prone to skin infection, yet our understanding of how sebocytes function in host defense is incomplete. Here, we show that the small proline-rich proteins, SPRR1 and SPRR2 are bactericidal in skin. SPRR1B and SPPR2A were induced in human sebocytes by exposure to the bacterial cell wall component lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Colonization of germ-free mice was insufficient to trigger increased SPRR expression in mouse skin, but LPS injected into mouse skin stimulated increased expression of the mouse SPRR orthologous genes, Sprr1a and Sprr2a, through activation of MYD88. Both mouse and human SPRR proteins displayed potent bactericidal activity against MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and skin commensals. Thus, Sprr1a−/−;Sprr2a−/− mice are more susceptible to MRSA and P. aeruginosa skin infection. Lastly, mechanistic studies demonstrate that SPRR proteins exert their bactericidal activity through binding and disruption of the bacterial membrane. Taken together, these findings provide insight into the regulation and antimicrobial function of SPRR proteins in skin and how the skin defends the host against systemic infection.
Reliability and validity of the multi-point method and the 2-point method’s variations of estimating the one-repetition maximum for deadlift and back squat exercises
Authors: Çetin Onat , Akyildiz Zeki , Demirtaş Barbaros , Sungur Yılmaz , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Cazan Florin , Ardigò Luca Paolo
Published: March 2022

This study aimed at examining the concurrent validity and reliability of the multi-point method and the two-point method’s variations for estimating the one-repetition maximum (1RM) in the deadlift and squat exercises and to determine the accuracy of which optimal two loads can be used for the two-point method protocol. Thirteen resistance-trained men performed six sessions that consisted of two incremental loading tests (multi-point method: 20–40–60–80–90% and two-point method variations: 40–60%, 40–80%, 40–90%,60–80%, 60–90%) followed by 1RM tests. Both the multi-point method and the two-point method load variations showed reliable results for 1RM estimation (CV < 10%) squat and deadlift exercises. Session-session reliability was found to be low in deadlift (ICC: 0.171–0.335) and squat exercises (ICC: 0.235–0.479) of 40–60% and 60–80% in two-point methods. Deadlift (ICC: 0.815–0.996) and squat (ICC: 0.817–0.988) had high session-to-session reliability in all other methods. Regarding the validity of deadlift exercise, the multipoint method (R2 = 0.864) and two variations of the two-point method (R2 = 0.816 for 40–80%, R2 = 0.732 for 60–80%) showed very large correlations, whereas other two variations of the two-point method (R2 = 0.945 for 40–90%, R2 = 0.914 for 60–90%) showed almost perfect correlations with the actual 1RM. Regarding the validity of squat exercise, the multi-point method (R2 = 0.773) and two variations of the two-point method (R2 = 0.0847 for 60–80%, R2 = 0.705 for 40–90%) showed very large correlations, whereas 40–60% variation showed almost perfect correlation (R2 = 0.962) with the actual 1RM. In conclusion, whereas both the multi-point method and the two-point method load variations showed reliable results, the multiple-point method and most of the two-point methods’ load variations examined in this research provided an accurate (from large-moderate to perfect) estimate of the 1RM. Therefore, we recommend using the multi-point method and especially the two-point methods variations including higher relative loads to estimate 1RM.