bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SEPT8 modulates β-amyloidogenic processing of APP by affecting the sorting and accumulation of BACE1
Authors: Kurkinen Kaisa M. A. , Marttinen Mikael , Turner Laura , Natunen Teemu , Mäkinen Petra , Haapalinna Fanni , Sarajärvi Timo , Gabbouj Sami , Kurki Mitja , Paananen Jussi , Koivisto Anne M. , Rauramaa Tuomas , Leinonen Ville , Tanila Heikki , Soininen Hilkka , Lucas Fiona R. , Haapasalo Annakaisa , Hiltunen Mikko
Published: April 2016

Dysfunction and loss of synapses are early pathogenic events in Alzheimer's disease. A central step in the generation of toxic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides is the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-site APP-cleaving enzyme (BACE1). Here, we have elucidated whether downregulation of septin (SEPT) protein family members, which are implicated in synaptic plasticity and vesicular trafficking, affects APP processing and Aβ generation. SEPT8 was found to reduce soluble APPβ and Aβ levels in neuronal cells through a post-translational mechanism leading to decreased levels of BACE1 protein. In the human temporal cortex, we identified alterations in the expression of specific SEPT8 transcript variants in a manner that correlated with Alzheimer's-disease-related neurofibrillary pathology. These changes were associated with altered β-secretase activity. We also discovered that the overexpression of a specific Alzheimer's-disease-associated SEPT8 transcript variant increased the levels of BACE1 and Aβ peptides in neuronal cells. These changes were related to an increased half-life of BACE1 and the localization of BACE1 in recycling endosomes. These data suggest that SEPT8 modulates β-amyloidogenic processing of APP through a mechanism affecting the intracellular sorting and accumulation of BACE1.
Δωρεαί εις το Χριστιανικόν Μουσείον κατά το έτος 1897
Authors: ΧΡΙΣΤΙΑΝΙΚΗ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΕΤΑΙΡΕΙΑ (ΧΑΕ)
Published: April 2016

no abstract
The Bioconductor channel in F1000Research
Authors: Huber Wolfgang , Carey Vincent J. , Davis Sean , Hansen Kasper Daniel , Morgan Martin
Published: April 2016

Bioconductor (bioconductor.org) is a rich source of software and know-how for the integrative analysis of genomic data. The Bioconductor channel in F1000Research provides a forum for task-oriented workflows that cover a solution to a current, important problem in genome-scale data analysis. It also hosts manuscripts describing software packages, package-based vignettes, teaching labs, benchmark studies, methodological reviews and bioinformatics software oriented perspective papers.
A New Framework and Prototype Solution for Clinical Decision Support and Research
in Genomics and Other Data-intensive Fields of Medicine
Authors: Evans James , Wilhelmsen Kirk , Berg Jonathan , Schmitt Charles , Krishnamurthy Ashok , Fecho Karamarie , Ahalt Stanley
Published: April 2016

Introduction: In genomics and other fields, it is now possible to capture and
store large amounts of data in electronic medical records (EMRs). However, it is not
clear if the routine accumulation of massive amounts of (largely uninterpretable) data
will yield any health benefits to patients. Nevertheless, the use of large-scale medical
data is likely to grow. To meet emerging challenges and facilitate optimal use of
genomic data, our institution initiated a comprehensive planning process that addresses
the needs of all stakeholders (e.g., patients, families, healthcare providers,
researchers, technical staff, administrators). Our experience with this process and a
key genomics research project contributed to the proposed framework.Framework: We
propose a two-pronged Genomic Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) that encompasses
the concept of the “Clinical Mendeliome” as a patient-centric list of genomic variants
that are clinically actionable and introduces the concept of the “Archival Value
Criterion” as a decision-making formalism that approximates the cost-effectiveness of
capturing, storing, and curating genome-scale sequencing data. We describe a prototype
Genomic CDSS that we developed as a first step toward implementation of the
framework.Conclusion: The proposed framework and prototype solution are designed to
address the perspectives of stakeholders, stimulate effective clinical use of genomic
data, drive genomic research, and meet current and future needs. The framework also can
be broadly applied to additional fields, including other ‘-omics’ fields. We advocate
for the creation of a Task Force on the Clinical Mendeliome, charged with defining
Clinical Mendeliomes and drafting clinical guidelines for their use.
Reviews Film
Authors: Bryant Meredith A. , Chase Robert J. , Getz Adam , O’steen Taylor K.
Published: April 2016

Instructions Not Included (2013) Mexico Director Eugenio Derbez Runtime 122 minutes Streaming USA, 2013 Distributed by Netflix

Calvary (2014) Ireland/UK Director John Michael McDonagh Runtime 100 minutes

The Dirties (2013) USA Director Matt Johnson Runtime 83 minutes

Mother (2009) Korea Director Joon-ho Bong Runtime 128 minutes
Articles
Authors: Warpole Kailyn N. , Kossoy Katherine
Published: April 2016

High School Spotlight: Preface

Teenage Movies and Finding the Meaning of Life
Barrancos y ramblas: su incorporación al entramado urbano en el sureste peninsular
Authors: Box Amorós Margarita , Morales Gil Alfredo
Published: April 2016

El crecimiento urbano de los núcleos de población instalados sobre glacis y conos de deyección, en el sureste peninsular, se realizó, en múltiples ocasiones, incorporando a la trama urbana cauces de barrancos y ramblas que únicamente se muestran funcionales con ocasión de aguaceros de cierta intensidad. Frente a la adecuación, en épocas pasadas, del nuevo entramado urbano a estas arterias, reflejo del absoluto respeto y clara conciencia de su naturaleza, se asiste hoy, a una total inadaptación de la ciudad a las condiciones de escorrentía, con los graves problemas que ello genera cuando se producen chubascos copiosos que hacen recobrar a estos viales su funcionamiento real.
La emigración española asistida a Latinoamérica, 1968-1990
Authors: Palazón Ferrando Salvador
Published: April 2016

Este artículo trata de resaltar la evolución decreciente que ha seguido la corriente emigratoria española asistida a Latinoamérica en los últimos veinte años, a causa de la crisis socio-económica que sufre este área; asimismo, analiza el perfil socio-demográfico del emigrante español, los países de destino preferente y las regiones españolas que más han contribuido a alimentar esta corriente.
Inmigrantes y refugiados en un municipio de la retaguardia republicana: Elche, 1936-1940
Authors: Palazón Ferrando Salvador , Miranda Encarnación José Antonio
Published: April 2016

Este artículo pretende mostrar el carácter que tuvo Elche, durante la Guerra Civil, como importante núcleo receptor de refugiados procedentes de las provincias bajo control de la República a medida que iba avanzando el frente de guerra; así como los cambios que por causa de aquélla se produjeron en la corriente inmigratoria tradicional hacia este municipio.
The Truthfullness of the Prologue and the Epilogues to the Recuyell: Keys to a Biographic Interpretation of W. Caxton
Authors: Fuster Márquez Miguel
Published: April 2016

Caxton's biographers have considered the prologue to The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye very valuable in interpreting various events of Caxton's life which would otherwise remain obscure due to the scarcity of documents. The author of this article proposes a more careful approach in reading the statements in The Recuyell, and caution in accepting at face value much of the information contained there. The interpretation given here of several events in the prologue and epilogues of the first English printer, as for instance his birthplace, the dialect of his writings, etc., reveals that Caxton is frequently presenting himself according to the medieval tradition of the humility formula. This formula requires that authors refer to themselves disparagingly. Both prologue and epilogues may contain some truth, but certainly they may not be regarded as examples of unambiguous historical evidence.
The Spanish Component in The Spanish Tragedy
Authors: González Fernández de Sevilla José Manuel
Published: April 2016

In Renaissance England literature, and especially drama, is fully aware of the historical and political context. What we get in The Spanish Tragedy is not a precise reference to the tactual event but its dramatic interpretation. The literary use of history is a consequence of the personal and contextual experience of the dramatist drawn by the writer from the ideas and practices of the culture he inhabits as well as of his historical awareness and political situation. Thus the metahistorical approach becomes an essential clue to understand the Spanish element which, in this case, has not only a negative sense but a paradigmatic intention.
Five Poems by Derek Mahon
Authors: Mahon Derek , Eiroa Guillén Ana , Hughes Brian
Published: April 2016

October (from Antarctica) ; Death and the sun (from Antarctica) ; Matthew V, 29-30 (from Poems 1962-1978) ; The apotheosis of tins (from Poems 1962-1978) ; The hunt by night (from The hunt by night) = Octubre ; El sol y la muerte ; San Mateo V, 29-30 ; La apoteosis de las latas ; La cacería nocturna / traducción de Ana Eiroa Guillén y Brian Hughes
Content-based teaching: a methodological approach
Authors: Rodríguez Torras Fernanda
Published: April 2016

The integration of language and content in the foreign language (FL) classroom represents an approach far removed from traditional methodology. This concept would considerably lighten the content of some areas of the curriculum and would require a thoroughly prepared FL staff, and interdisciplinarity in certain areas. In this article I intend to offer some guidelines for the new curricular design occasioned by the reform of Spanish education. They are aimed at various levels, and derive from actual teaching practice.
The unappeasable hunger for land in John B. Keane's The Field
Authors: González Casademont Rosa María
Published: April 2016

This paper examines the overriding importance of the land to Irish peasant farmers, as illustrated in John B. Keane's play The Field (1965), where the dispute over the ownership of a field between Bull McCabe, the farmer who has the grazing rights, and a stranger who wants to use it for industrial purposes ends with the murder of the latter. While Bull's ethos might appear cruel and unnecessarily violent in mid-twentieth century Ireland, a closer look at his character in the context of the cultural landscape reveals that his unappeasable hunger for land derives not so much from the memory of the past landlord-peasant struggles but from the Irish peasant's ingrained commitment to the land that sustains him and which will prevent his children from the fate of emigration, as well as from his attitude of distrust toward technology.
The Hibernian Patriot: An Approach to Jonathan Swift's Political Satire
Authors: Domínguez Caballero de Rodas Pedro
Published: April 2016

This paper studies A Modest Proposal and the fourth of the Drapier Letters as examples of Swift's political satire. A brief summary of his biography is followed by a discussion on the controversy aroused by Swift's irony, an irony which is misanthropic for some critics, but humane in the opinion of other reviewers. The ambiguity of Swift's nationalism is analysed in the light of the political circumstances surrounding the publication of the Drapier Letters and in the context of all his literary work.
Garp's Syndrome
Authors: González de la Aleja Barberán Manuel
Published: April 2016

The American Novel has been trying since the 1960s to find the way to shape and understand the new reality born in those years. The crisis, we have heard so much about, seems to have its roots in the confusing and paranoid times, all the world, and particularly the United States, are living. Many books and literary trends have tried to explain the new consciousness, the new atmosphere. In this essay, I deal with two books that, in my point of view, have been able to capture in a clear and honest way some of the aspects of a reality that seems more unreal everyday.
Non-SVO constructions in English: some pragmatic and functional considerations
Authors: Martínez Caro Elena
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this study is to consider those structures in English which do not exhibit a canonical order, that is an SVO constituent order (considered as the basic and dominant order for English) and the principles which can explain their existence in the language. In the first section we identify these non-SVO constructions in English and in the second we look at some of the pragmatic and functional factors underlying these structures, including notions like theme, verb-object bonding, animatedness, accessibility of the linguistic material and others. To conclude, we postulate that any exhaustive study of word order should present not only a functional and pragmatic dimension but also a more formal one, which would include typological and diachronic factors.
"A Lesson on a Tortoise" and D. H. Lawrence's earliest crisis of social identity
Authors: Conde Silvestre Juan Camilo
Published: April 2016

The short story "A Lesson on a Tortoise", written by D. H. Lawrence in 1909, has traditionally been disregarded by criticism as a very minor piece of work. This paper aims to show that the story has a threefold importance: firstly as an autobiographical portrait of Lawrence's activities as a teacher in Croydon; secondly as an example of Lawrence's ability to use realistic techniques; and thirdly as a reflection of the author's crisis of social identity. The paper concentrates on the last aspect and traces the personal and intellectual facets which came to shape Lawrence's ideas on the subject.
Kubrick's Dr. Strangelove: desire and the fragmenting of character
Authors: García Mainar Luis Miguel
Published: April 2016

This article is an attempt at analysing several aspects of Kubrick's Dr. Strangelove from a point of view which includes concepts of both narratology and post-structuralist analysis. I study the level of the fabula and the characters (at the level of the story) in order to prove the existence in the film of a tendency to discard its apparently satiric aim and privilege a logic of spectacle. The contents of the fabula reveal that the film introduces fantasy to satisfy the audience's desire for identification and creates a self-conscious film which dismatles the satiric text. The study of the characters lays bare the existence of a complex web of signification around each one of them, produced by their being impersonated by well-known stars. The several interactions among the characters in the film, previous characters played by the actors and the actors as personae bring about a dissemination of meaning which deprives the characters of any satiric claim. They are transformed into mere objects to be enjoyed and incorporated to the pervading logic of spectacle, therefore pointing to the ever-present tendency of cinema to present itself as a product to be consumed rather than a text to be analysed.
Discursive stratagems: Ambrose Bierce's attacks on realism's metaphysics of language
Authors: Ibarrola Armendariz Aitor
Published: April 2016

This article explores the stylistic devices and narrative techniques that the late 19th-century great American satirist employed to subvert and ridicule his contemporaries' understanding of language and of its relationship to reality. According to Bierce, language is not merely a constative and aseptic means to represent the world around us and communicate ideas. On the contrary, all discourses are loaded with a great deal of power and knowledge which make them about the most effective —and dangerous— performative instruments in our culture. By drawing assiduously from the writings of such theorists as Bakhtin, Foulcault, or Kristeva, this critical piece tries to demonstrate that Bierce's charges against realism allegedly neutral utilization of language were well-grounded. In order to do so, the dialogic character, parodic tone, and effective stylization of two of Bierce's best-known stories, "Chickamauga" and "My Favourite Murder," are studied in some depth. By the end of the article, the reader should have recognized a number of the reasons for Bierce's attested "obscurity" in his own days and after.
Enigmatic doctrine vs. undetached rabbit parts: language as the object of study for linguists and philosophers
Authors: Muñoz Valdivieso Sofía
Published: April 2016

This essay surveys some of the crucial issues about language over which generative linguists and analytic philosophers have been disagreeing over the past thirty years, given that they undertake the task of analyzing language with different assumptions and goals in mind. Chomsky has been criticized by philosophers on several fronts, and the topics here discussed, such as the concept of meaning, the psychological reality of mental representations, or the view of language as innate structures as opposed to a learning process are all different aspects of the one issue at the core of their debate: the need to recur to a system of mental representations in order to explain language facts. For generative linguists language is indeed a system of mental representations; for philosophers, however, a language is a sum of actual or potential speech events, and the notion of internalized mental representations is really an unnecessary burden on any language theory.
Timothy Findley's war novels
Authors: Zabalbeascoa Bilbao José Antonio
Published: April 2016

Timothy Findley has shown a deep concern for the most outstanding historical events of the 20th century, seen from the point of view of a Canadian citizen with a remarkable European vocation. Two of his best known novels are The Wars and Famous Last Words. The first one depicts the spiritual nightmare undergone by a Canadian lieutenant during World War I. The technique used for Famous Last Words is completely different and the view of the world at war refers to the period 1940-1945. This other novel depicts the activities of historical characters, besides fictitious ones. We have never felt the presence of evil so disturbing as with this extravagant tale that sounds like "the truth," because the memory of the events is still so vivid that it will outlive several generations of human beings.
On the origin and history of the English prepositional type a-hunting: a corpus-based study
Authors: Núñez Pertejo Paloma
Published: April 2016

The aim of this paper is twofold: in the first place, an analysis on the origin and historical development of the English prepositional phrase a-hunting is provided. According to many scholars, this phrase could be ascribed to a prepositional pattern of the type on + verbal noun in -ing/-ung, apparently in use from OE times. During the ME period, this preposition weakened to a and was finally lost through aphesis, with the result that there were no longer any formal differences between this pattern and the ordinary progressive, while the meaning conveyed by both constructions became practically the same. In the second place, several examples of this prepositional pattern are offered, and for this purpose, the early Modern English section of the computerized Helsinki Corpus has been used, in particular the so-called HE3 section, which covers the period between 1640 and 1710.
Some problems about the learning of the English language in 19th c. Spain: philological notes referring to an unpublished collection of letters
Authors: Vilar García Mar
Published: April 2016

At Wadham College, Oxford, there are seven letters by Santiago Usoz y Río, a professor of Greek at the University of Santiago de Compostela, addressed to the Hispanist Benjamin B. Wiffen, dated between 9th January 1841 and 25th September 1850. As far as the philological interest of the letters is concerned, nos. I, II, III and IV deal with Santiago Usoz's problems as autodidact to learn the English language. Not only did his linguistic intuitions derive from his command of the classical languages but also the awareness of his own technical limitations —that is, the rudimentary Traditional or Grammatical techniques of his time— will immerse us into Usoz's efforts to achieve —by means of translation— some purely extraphilological aims.
Francis Bacon and Jacobean legitimation
Authors: Rodríguez García José María
Published: April 2016

Francis Bacon (1561-1626) maintained a lifelong interest in the institutional implementation of experimental science. What changed over the years were the rhetorical strategies employed to give this project legitimacy. I systematize those changes by dividing Bacon's works into three groups according to three criteria: what rite of officialization is enacted in each text (e.g., conversion, fatherly generation, royal delegation); who the inscribed addressee is (e.g., an imagined audience of sympathetic disciples, the monarch, posterity); and what the status is of the invoked philosophical, religious, and political authorities. In this manner, I isolate three distinct versions of Bacon's rhetoric of legitimation.
Roots of miscommunication
Authors: Schmitt Elena
Published: April 2016

This paper proposes an account for the problem of miscommunication observed between native and non-native speakers of the English language. The analysis of interviews has shown that monologues produced by Russian speakers of English are structurally different from American monologues. A system based on the markedness theory was developed in order to account for the differences and provide a guide for teaching discourse skills in an ESL classroom It is suggested that universally sentences can be broken down into organizational features. This means that just like sounds, utterances can be found in polar opposition. The order in which utterances marked by these features are put together, represents the unmarked organizational structure of a monologue in a given language. The data received form the interviews indicates that Russian speakers of English do not acquire the unmarked American structure because they are not aware of the existing differences.
Relevance: a thematic bibliographical list
Authors: Yus Ramos Francisco
Published: April 2016

The present volume on relevance theory contains interesting insights on both inherent aspects of the theory and possible applications to varied pragmatic interests (apparently) as distant as grammar or politeness. The following bibliography is an attempt to provide the reader with as many references on relevance theory as possible, and to carry out this attempt according to several relevance-theoretical headings grouping different objects of pragmatic research.
The use of You and Thou in The Two Gentlemen of Verona
Authors: Díaz Pérez Francisco Javier
Published: April 2016

The aim of this paper is to analyse the different factors which determine the choice of one of the two variants of the second person singular pronoun, You or Thou, by the various characters of Shakespeare's play The Two Gentlemen of Verona. The total number of you and thou forms which constitute this corpus is 777. Each of these forms has been analyzed taking into account the social relationships of power and solidarity established between the interlocutors, as well as the variables of social class and sex. In addition, emotional factors have been considered. It is not my intention to extrapolate the results obtained in this study to the English usage of Shakespeare's age. They simply refer to the play itself.
Postmodernism and the ontological dominant: the poetics of integration in Peter Ackroyd's The House of Doctor Dee
Authors: Martínez Alfaro María Jesús
Published: April 2016

This article proposes an analysis of Peter Ackroyd's The House of Doctor Dee (1993) in the light of two different dichotomies: Brian McHale's epistemological (cognitive) / ontological (postcognitive) dominant and John Vernon's garden / map dynamics. The House of Doctor Dee is constructed around a series of strategies closely related to the postcognitive worldview, strategies which have come to be associated with postmodernist aesthetics and which can as well be regarded as confirming and developing ideas and devices already present in previous works by the same author. Significantly, the techniques in what McHale calls the postmodernist repertoire can be said to be based on the same integrative principle that rules Vernon's garden, the latter being an image of wholeness which stands in direct opposition to the splitting rationale of the map. Vernon's dynamics of integration, together with McHale's ontological structures, become in my analysis the key to understanding Ackroyd's novel, while simultaneously suggesting an interesting perspective from which to approach postmodernist literature as a whole.
The power of words in Denisa Chavez's Face of an Angel
Authors: Ibarrarán Bigalondo Amaia
Published: April 2016

The last two decades have witnessed the emergence of the Chicana voice, a voice that has struggled to rewrite her story in order to reinterpret the atrophied archetypes manifest in the male stories and Literature. Retelling her true story, the Chicana heals the wound that has kept her voiceless and paralyzed. Storytelling, thus, becomes powerful medicine for her, and an appropriate means of shaping an identity that has been silent and transparent throughout the ages. Denise Chavez's Face of an Angel, published in 1994, chronicles the story of Soveida Dosamantes, a woman who chooses the tell her life-story in order to assert herself in her roots and identity, which has been strongly influenced by the constant, powerful presence of women around her. The novel pays homage to the women in the author's and the main protagonist's families, who, even though denied the right to speak publicly, have perfectly fulfilled the role of cultural bearers for the community and have, at the same time, understood and transmitted the need to raise their voice and fight for an active feminine role within their group, in a bid to demystify the colonized image of the Chicana.
A pragmatic approach to the contrastive analysis of a literary work and two of its translations
Authors: Mur Dueñas María Pilar
Published: April 2016

There are two levels at which a pragmatic analysis can be carried out in relation to a literary work: the level of the narrative and the level of the text-production and reception. If the pragmatic analysis of a literary work is to be undertaken from a contrastive point of view, the picture becomes more complex, especially, if as in this case- the original literary text and the target texts are historically distant. The pragmatic analysis of Henry James’s Daisy Miller and two of its contemporary translations into Spanish that I intend to pursue here will be carried out in a contrastive way at the level of the narrative; the translated pragmatic actions in the narrative will be assessed in terms of the target readers’ new context of reception. The aim is to see whether and how the original writer’s intended meaning and interpretation has been kept in the target texts and if the pragmatic effect that these texts are likely to cause on the Spanish readership can be considered similar to the effect the source text is likely to provoke on contemporary source readers.
Coming out of the closet "six feet under": textual silences and the social construction of the family stage in the obituary genres
Authors: Corona Marzol Isabel
Published: April 2016

The 'Family' stage -the lines devoted to the surviving members of the deceased's family- is a 'constant element' (Hasan 1985) in obituaries. The present study is built up around the structural analysis of genres as developed by Bhatia (1993, 2004), Hasan (1985), Martin (1985, 1992), and Swales (1990). The purpose of this study is to bring a social explanation or understanding to bear on the textual description of the 'Family' stage from a corpus of obituaries published in more than two hundred American and British newspapers collected over a period of three years. The research process has developed two more steps. First, following Huckin's (2004) notion of content analysis, quantitative and qualitative modes have been applied, trying to identify the content which is not manifest. Secondly, the identification of 'textual silences' (Huckin 2002) is followed by an exploratory ethnographic analysis (Scollon 1998) on two case studies. This multi-staged analysis is aimed at a more comprehensive account of the obituary genre as a social process (Kress 1993). It shall be argued that the 'Family' stage encapsulates one of the most controversial topics of our time.
Well, it is WELL: language and human interest in a virtual community
Authors: Oha Obododimma
Published: April 2016

This paper discusses the pursuit of humanistic interests by Netizens, with particular reference to discourse in chat groups located in Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link (WELL), a virtual community founded by Stewart Brand and Larry Brilliant in 1985. It explores how language becomes a vital tool in building, reinventing, and promoting sense of community and creative freedom. It also examines the ways that conflicts are prevented and/or managed in the cyber conversations, and the struggles to live electronically with Netiquette. The quest to cater for human interests through the use of language in cyber conversations implies that there is a limit to freedom exercised by Netizens. Virtual communities like the WELL, configured as "a word palace", present useful data on patterns of behaviour that the New Information and Communication Technologies, especially the Internet, have generated, and which contemporary discourse scholarship cannot afford to overlook. A "word palace" poses a great challenge to human identity and mediations of such identities, relationships, and goals; it simulates and communicates power and power struggles, even when it appears to either minimize or transform such power to cooperation. Thus the WELL Netizen builds power through discourse and language that cater for "WELLbeing".
Rapport management under examination in the context of medical consultations in Spain and Britain
Authors: Hernández López María de la O
Published: April 2016

This paper is framed within the areas of interactional pragmatics and social psychology of language, with a twofold purpose: on the one hand, applying Rapport Management (Spencer-Oatey, 2000, 2008) to the context of medical consultations in order to disentangle crucial similarities and differences between British and Spanish interactions; with the exception of Sydow Campbell’s (2005) study, Rapport Management has not been directly approached in this context. In this sense, it constitutes both a challenge in communication studies and a step forward in a well-known theory that still remains under-explored. On the other hand, Cordella’s (2004) voices in medical consultations will prove to be related to the way interlocutors manage rapport in each culture, and therefore, different voices may be relevant in different cultures. This will lead to variation in terms of the three bases of rapport (face, rights and obligations, and interactional goals). Finally, some remarks and limitations of Rapport Management will be discussed so as to give way to a more comprehensive and effective model of communication which may explain both cultural differences and situational variation.
Aquí no se habla Spanglish: the issue of language in US Hispanic media
Authors: Walczuk Beltrão Ana Carolina
Published: April 2016

A strong and still growing ethnic community in the United States, Hispanic Americans, with a common language but culturally diverse, have for years constituted a challenge for the media. How to communicate with them? With the development of Spanish-language print, broadcast, and cable outlets within American territory, communication became easier. Some of these media, however, have for years denied Hispanic Americans one of their most genuine forms of expression: namely, the use of Spanglish, a language generated by immigrants. The two major Hispanic American television networks in particular have adopted the policy of vetoing the use of Spanglish. The issue may be very upsetting for many Hispanic Americans who consume information on a daily basis. It becomes even more upsetting, then, when the same media also self-appoint themselves as “representatives of the Hispanic American population”. If the hybrid language is one of the few elements that indeed unite and represent the Hispanic group in America, shouldn’t these media rethink their practices? This is exactly what this article intends to answer, taking the case of Hispanic American television, from an initial description of Hispanics in America, to a closer analysis of the major media outlets available in the country.
Religious focalisation in dictionaries: a comparative case study between English and Spanish
Authors: Alonso Alonso María , Torrado Mariñas Laura
Published: April 2016

The aim of this article is to expose the various strategies which are used by two of the most important dictionaries in the English and Spanish contexts, the Oxford English Dictionary and the Diccionario de la Real Academia Española, to focalise religious discourse in the main body of the definitions appearing in each dictionary. A theoretical framework on ideology and the dictionary will serve as the starting point from which to analyse these strategies and offer a classification with practical examples, dwelling on the notions of modification and focalisation. The results obtained from both dictionaries will be discussed in relation to the major strategies alluded to, highlighting the fact that the dictionary does not exist in a vacuum. As such, it is always affected by ideology in a certain degree, something which seems to support our thesis that religious discourse is one of the areas where a more pervasive presence of focalisation can be felt.
The effect of dictionary training in the teaching of English as a foreign language
Authors: Cote González Margarita , Tejedor Martínez Cristina
Published: April 2016

The process of teaching any subject involves the use of all resources available to achieve efficient/effective result. When dealing with teaching foreign languages, we have noticed that such a traditional and apparently well-known tool as a dictionary is not so well-known nor used efficiently by students. Nevertheless, in our opinion, the dictionary should play an important role in the teaching-learning process. Therefore, we have carried out a research in our classroom in order to check that if students work systematically with the dictionary, they will improve not only their dictionary skills, but also their L2 skills mainly in writing, reading comprehension and vocabulary. The research was done at two different levels during a whole academic year focusing on dictionary training and dictionary activities. Our work showed quite interesting outcomes: (a) students were aware of the usefulness of dictionaries because they learnt that dictionaries helped them; (b) students’ confidence to face activities increased; (c) students improved their language use and knowledge; and (d) they really enjoyed the tasks. As a general conclusion we can state that with better dictionary use students acquire autonomous learning strategies for learning a foreign language.
Words and patterns: lexico-grammatical patterns and semantic relations in domain-specific discourses
Authors: Orna-Montesinos Concepción
Published: April 2016

The underlying assumption of this study is the understanding of a specialized term as a summary of disciplinary knowledge, formalized at a textual level in the contextual relations which structure disciplinary lexical knowledge and are therefore essential for the successful interpretation of a text. With that aim this paper carries the analysis of the lexico-grammatical patterns which signal the hyponymy and meronymy relations of the term building, a key disciplinary concept in a corpus of construction engineering textbooks, using the WordNet database for reference. The linguistic analysis of the repertoire of lexico-grammatical patterns employed brings to the fore the dual role of hyponymy and meronymy as both semantic and metalinguistic discourse-organizing lexical resources, key in the rhetorical organization of the discourse of this discipline.
Re-Reading “Greenes Groatsworth of Wit”
Authors: Sawyer Robert
Published: April 2016

This essay focuses on the alleged attack by Robert Greene on Shakespeare as an “upstart crow,” a work reprinted in almost every collection of Shakespeare’s works, and a document that has produced its own body of scholarly assessment. Employing recent textual criticism of the print industry in early modern England —including works by Zachary Lesser, John Jowett, Jeffery Masten, and D. Allen Carroll— we re-read “Green’s Groatsworth of Wit” as a kind of literary criticism that helps to illuminate both its own textual status as well as the material conditions of the late sixteenth-century theatrical world which produced it. Following a review of the basic lines of interpretation of the piece, I examine the nexus of the Henry Chettle, Robert Danter and Greene connection, in an attempt to show that by considering the “collaboration” between these three, we should come to a better understanding of the document itself. Equally important, by re-examining the text, reviewing the printing process, and rethinking the authorial voice of the work, I hope to re-situate the pamphlet’s place in the present debate on Shakespeare and his contemporaries.
Ophelia’s Ghost
Authors: Wynne-Davies Marion
Published: April 2016

This essay takes as its starting point the 2008 Royal Shakespeare Company’s production of Hamlet directed by Greg Doran in order to explore the ways in which Ophelia’s death and burial might be used to disturb dominant cultural codes. As such, it focuses upon the regulatory discourses framing three female subjects: the legal and religious rules governing suicide, in particular the inquest’s record of the death by drowning of Katherine Hamlet in 1579; the account of Ophelia’s death and her “maimed rites” in the Gravedigger’s scene; and the performance of Mariah Gale in the “mad scene.” In each case the female body is perceived to breach expected boundaries: the way in which the real girl’s death presents a series of questions about temporal and spiritual laws; the engagement of the play with those legal and religious discourses by locating the female character as a disturbing absence; and the use of the actress’s body in order to reiterate in performance the sense of threat encountered in the text. In so doing it employs the theories of the abject and the uncanny as discussed by Judith Butler and Julia Kristeva in order to locate where the text’s distorted repetitions uncover the tenuousness of the cultural codes used to regulate the Early Modern understanding of female suicide.
Former Slaves on the Move: The Plantation Household, the White House, and the Postwar South as Spaces of Transit in Elizabeth Keckley’s Behind the Scenes
Authors: Gimeno Pahissa Laura
Published: April 2016

Travel writing has been central to the American literary canon. From all possible backgrounds, origins and spaces, religious dissenters, immigrants and others have described their travelling experiences in North America. Within this profoundly American tradition, black Americans’ narratives are a special case. Most scholars agree that their personal accounts are not only autobiographical texts and political manifestos, but also travel narratives. Thus, the slaves’ journey is interpreted both as a physical experience—from the plantation to a free state—and a spiritual one—from ignorance into knowledge. After Emancipation, former slaves continued publishing their life experiences, and African American women became significantly active in autobiographical writing. These women challenged previous roles, and reinterpreted themselves as independent middle class entrepreneurs. Such is the case of the author analyzed in the present article: Elizabeth Keckley. Her journey from the plantation to Washington D.C. becomes an overt challenges to the racial and gender restrictions imposed upon her and gives wings to her desire for independence. Above all, the locations she inhabits while transiting from enslavement to middle class entrepreneurship inform this crucial transformation. By means of her transit, Keckley discovers her identity not only as female member of an oppressed race, but also as an individual who can achieve and prosper beyond the barriers imposed by (white and black) male society.
War Heroes and Pacifists on the Same Front: Re-reading Heroism in Two Imperial War Memoirs
Authors: Pividori Cristina , Monnickendam Andrew
Published: April 2016

This article explores the notion of heroism in Victorian war literature by analyzing the figure of the soldier-hero in two imperial war memoirs: Captain Mowbray Thomson’s The Story of Cawnpore: The Indian Mutiny and John Pearman’s The Radical Soldier’s Tale. While The Story of Cawnpore is an emblematic example of what we call the Victorian hero myth, that is, the effective merging of traditional heroism, war as adventure and imperialism in mid-to late-nineteenth century Britain – The Radical Soldier’s Tale appears to posit an alternative to this widely accepted view, challenging its assumed universality and immutability. By analyzing Pearman’s innovative revision of heroism, in contrast to Thomson’s more conventional representation of the theme, this article attempts to illustrate both the traditional construction and a possible re-reading of the subject taking place in the same period. In order to do so, we focus on the three main aspects around which the representation of the nineteenth-century soldier-hero is articulated: the consolidation of traditional heroic manhood in the context of imperial war, the complex social justification of war and the demonization of the Other as a way of validating the heroic self. Particular attention is given to the fact that Pearman’s shift towards a more complex appreciation of the heroic subject appears to anticipate similar patterns occurring in the literature written during and after World War One.
Teaching Legal English for Company Law: A Guide to Specialism and ELP Teaching Practices and Reference Books
Authors: Álvarez Faedo María José
Published: April 2016

This article discusses one of the less mainstream areas of ESP teaching, that of legal English for students of company law. The author begins by analysing the approach used by subject-domain specialists themselves and the current criticism regarding the conservative textbook approach which continues to dominate teaching theory in this area. To this effect, she presents the results of a study carried out from October 2014 to March 2015 regarding subject-domain textbooks most used in Law Schools in Australia, Britain, Canada and the USA. The paper then addresses the question of teaching legal English to students of company law. After a brief outline of the three main theories underlying language teaching –behaviourist, cognitive and communicative– the author provides a critical guide to the main course books available to teachers in this rarefied area of specialised language learning, listing the types of exercises proposed, and evoking their overall strengths and weaknesses. To conclude, she suggests means of supplementing course book material.
Canzonieri spagnoli popolareggianti conservati a Roma (II): il Ms. Ottoboniano 2882
Authors: Garribba Aviva
Published: April 2016

In queste pagine si descrive brevemente il Ms. Ottoboniano 2882 della Biblioteca Vaticana. È un canzoniere manoscritto copiato intorno al 1580 che contiene numerosi testi di lirica spagnola tradizionale, interessante da studiare per approfondire il tema della diffusione della poesia tradizionale in Italia durante il xvi e xvii secolo.
Canzonieri spagnoli popolareggianti conservati a Roma (IV): il Ms. Barberini 3602
Authors: Vaccari Debora
Published: April 2016

In queste pagine si offre una prima breve descrizione del Ms. Barberini Latini 3602 della Biblioteca Vaticana. Si tratta di un canzoniere manoscritto, fattizio, che contiene testi quasi esclusivamente in spagnolo, risalente al XVII secolo. In particolare, si studiano alcuni testi che presentano non solo una forma ma anche un tema tradizionale.
Paracetamol vs ibuprofeno para el dolor de la episiotomía en las 42 horas postparto
Authors: Palomo González M. Ángeles , González González Cecilia , Díaz Mosquera Esther , Díez González Rosario , García Pardo Pilar , Peraza Casanueva M. Teresa
Published: April 2016

Objetivo: Evaluación de la eficacia analgésica para el dolor de la episiotomía entre el paracetamol y el Ibuprofeno, en las primeras 42 horas postparto. Método: Estudio cuasi-experimental (prospectivo y simple ciego) en mujeres que dieron a luz en el HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO CENTRAL DE ASTURIAS (OVIEDO), excluyendo alérgicas, patologías asociadas ó aquellas que el idioma impidiese un correcto entendimiento. Dos grupos: 1) Paracetamol 1 gr; 2) Ibuprofeno 600 mg. Tamaño de muestra: 110 por grupo para alcanzar mínimo de 80. Variable principal: grado de dolor según puntuación de escala (0 a 3). Otras variables: edad de paciente, semanas de gestación, peso neonatal, paridad, inicio del parto, anestesia epidural, tipo de parto, desgarro, inflamación y enrojecimiento, hematoma, hemorroides, necesidad de sondaje evacuador, aplicación de hielo y solicitud de analgesia. Tamaño final de la muestra: 88 grupo paracetamol y 97 grupo ibuprofeno. La escala de dolor se midió a las 2 horas postparto (previo al tratamiento) y, posteriormente, cada 8 hasta 42 horas. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y comparación entre grupos. Resultados: No encontramos diferencias significativas en la escala de dolor entre ambos fármacos, ni en los subgrupos analizados, salvo en el subgrupo de partos eutócicos, donde el ibuprofeno fue superior al paracetamol. En el global de la serie, el grupo de paracetamol solicitó hielo y otra medicación con mayor frecuencia que el grupo de ibuprofeno. Conclusiones: El ibuprofeno 600 mg y el paracetamol de 1 gr obtienen una respuesta similar en las primeras 42 horas postparto, si bien el ibuprofeno parece tener algunas ventajas adicionales.
Relación de la vitamina D, con el programa de actividades preventivas dirigidas a los adultos mayores para evitar caídas y fracturas óseas
Authors: Carbonell Jordá Amelia
Published: April 2016

Introducción: La sociedad de medicina familiar y comunitaria de España ha elaborado un programa de actividades preventivas de salud. Dentro de las actividades preventivas en los mayores se incluye un apartado de prevención de caídas. El planteamiento de este trabajo es aportar información basada en la evidencia para poder sugerir la inclusión de la utilidad de la vitamina D (vit D) en las recomendaciones incluidas en el programa citado. Material y métodos: Previa lectura detallada de las actividades preventivas y promoción de salud en los adultos, se plantea una recensión, para formular posibles mejoras en la prevención de fracturas en los mayores. Resultados: Estudios realizados nos dicen que la deficiencia de vit D es prevalente en los mayores, su déficit produce fatiga, debilidad muscular y alteraciones de la marcha, generando esta situación falta de equilibrio y predisposición a las caídas. Así mismo, se resalta la importancia del entrenamiento específico de fuerza, equilibrio y coordinación para aumentar densidad mineral ósea en osteomalacia y osteoporosis. Las opciones de tratamiento no farmacológico deben ser consideradas e integradas al tratamiento convencional para mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Informes recientes sugieren que la vit D3 mejora la absorción intestinal del calcio y mejora la función neuromuscular reduciendo el número de caídas y contribuyendo a la prevención de fracturas óseas. Discusión: Convendría establecer en los mayores una suplementación de vit D y una monitorización programada de los niveles séricos adecuados por los profesionales de salud.