bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sweet maize growth and yield response to organic and mineral fertilizers, N rates and soil water regimes
Authors: Bavec Franc , Bavec Martina , Grobelnik Mlakar Silva , Fekonja Milojka
Published: November 2016

Sweet maize is an underutilized vegetable in European temperate areas, and its consumption is increasing. For better understanding of cultivation practices, this pot experiment aimed to determine the eff­ects of diff­erent water regimes and nitrogen (N) rates calculated from N target values. N rates of 0 (control), 0.6 and 2 g N pot-1 were applied as organic by-products pumpkin cake and pig manure digestate, and mineral fertilizers CAN 27 and ENTEC®26. Treatments of water supply were based on measured soil matric potentials of 2.8 pF (drought stress), 2.6 pF (optimal water) and 2.4 pF (overwatered). In comparison to mineral fertilizers, pumpkin cake proved to be equal in eff­ectiveness in plant height (155.8 cm), cob (85.8 g), green (124.9 g) and leaf mass per plant (44.2 g), or even better in root (72.3 g) and broom mass per plant (3.0 g). Yield parameters, cob mass (70.1 g), its length (6.3 cm) and diameter (2.0 cm), as well as the residual mineral N (59 mg N kg-1) significantly increased at the highest N rate. Significantly lower values of the evaluated morphological parameters and photosynthetic rates (at brooming and harvesting) were associated with drought stress. The matric tension of 2.6 pF was established as an appropriate water regime for sweet maize growth.
Radiative effects for some bidimensional thermoelectric problems
Authors: Consiglieri Luisa
Published: November 2016

There are two main objectives in this paper.
One is to find sufficient conditions to ensure the existence
of weak solutions for some bidimensional thermoelectric problems.
At the steady-state, these problems consist
of a coupled system of elliptic equations of the divergence form,
commonly accomplished with nonlinear radiation-type conditions
on at least a nonempty part of the boundary of a

C
1

${C^{1}}$

domain.
The model under study takes
the thermoelectric Peltier and Seebeck effects into account,
which describe the Joule–Thomson effect.
The proof method requires a fixed point argument.
To this end, well-determined estimates are our main concern.
The second objective of the paper is
the derivation of explicit

W

1
,
p

${W^{1,p}}$

-estimates

(

p
>
2

)

${(p>2)}$

for solutions of nonlinear radiation-type problems
in the general n-dimensional space situation,
where the leading coefficient
is assumed to be a discontinuous function on the space
variable.
In particular, the behavior of the leading coefficient is
conveniently explicit on the estimate of any solution.
Analysis of Social Conflicts in Poland’s Soundscape as a Challenge to Socio-Acoustics
Authors: Bernat Sebastian
Published: November 2016

The study objective was to understand the character and location of social conflicts in Poland’s soundscape. The analyses were based on a review of press and Internet articles from the years 2008-2015 and reports on noise, preceded by a review of the legal framework of protection against noise in Poland. Questionnaire surveys concerning Poland’s national parks and health resorts and the city of Lublin were an additional source of information. In the case of the former, the surveys were supplemented with a general examination of the acoustic determinants of social conflicts in the Podzamcze district.

An analysis shows that sound in landscape has been a source of more than 100 social conflicts which were most frequently related to unpleasant sounds (noise nuisance) and the right to peace and quiet. The public demands acoustic comfort, one of the determinants of the quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to know the public opinion on soundscapes (survey of sound preferences). Public consultations concerning the assessment of acoustic disturbance and sound preferences will make it possible to avoid social conflicts arising from insufficient knowledge. A major role is also played by the education of the public and decision-makers through sound awareness campaigns, e.g. as p art of ecology education. The subjective assessment of noise nuisance severity and the acoustic design of public spaces should be an integral part of environmental noise control programmes and revitalisation programmes.

The conducted studies demonstrated that understanding the character and location of social conflicts in soundscape is a major scientific problem. Its resolution requires combining sociological studies (questionnaire for the valuation of the subjective feelings of respondents) with field analyses (observations, acoustic measurements). It is a promising research field that has been developed to a limited extent so far.
Subjective Evaluation of Three Headphone-Based Virtual Sound Source Positioning Methods Including Differential Head-Related Transfer Function
Authors: Storek Dominik , Rund Frantisek , Marsalek Petr
Published: November 2016

This paper analyses the performance of Differential Head-Related Transfer Function (DHRTF), an alternative transfer function for headphone-based virtual sound source positioning within a horizontal plane. This experimental one-channel function is used to reduce processing and avoid timbre affection while preserving signal features important for sound localisation. The use of positioning algorithm employing the DHRTF is compared to two other common positioning methods: amplitude panning and HRTF processing. Results of theoretical comparison and quality assessment of the methods by subjective listening tests are presented. The tests focus on distinctive aspects of the positioning methods: spatial impression, timbre affection, and loudness fluctuations. The results show that the DHRTF positioning method is applicable with very promising performance; it avoids perceptible channel coloration that occurs within the HRTF method, and it delivers spatial impression more successfully than the simple amplitude panning method.
Calculation Models for Acoustic Analysis of St. Elizabeth of Hungary Church in Jaworzno Szczakowa
Authors: Kosała Krzysztof
Published: November 2016

In parallel with research conducted using conventional methods, a uniform index method for assessing the acoustic quality of Roman Catholic churches has been developed. The latest version of the index method has been created using the index observation matrix of 12 churches which have been rated by means of the single number global index.

Assessments of the acoustic quality of any Roman Catholic church, using two calculation models: the Global Acoustic Properties Index (GAP) and the Global Index (GI), are shown in the article. The verification was performed on the example of one church, showing the way of calculating global indices to assess the acoustic quality of a new facility. The next stages in the development of the index method for assessing the acoustic quality of churches were taking into account the audience, using simulation tests and determining the spatial distribution of the single number GAP index in an examined church. An attempt to use the GAP and GI calculation models to assess the acoustic properties of some churches is also shown in the article.
Diagnostics of Rotor Damages of Three-Phase Induction Motors Using Acoustic Signals and SMOFS-20-EXPANDED
Authors: Glowacz Adam
Published: November 2016

A fault diagnostics system of three-phase induction motors was implemented. The implemented system was based on acoustic signals of three-phase induction motors. A feature extraction step was performed using SMOFS-20-EXPANDED (shortened method of frequencies selection-20-Expanded). A classification step was performed using 3 classifiers: LDA (Linear Discriminant Analysis), NBC (Naive Bayes Classifier), CT (Classification Tree). An analysis was carried out for incipient states of three-phase induction motors measured under laboratory conditions. The author measured and analysed the following states of motors: healthy motor, motor with one faulty rotor bar, motor with two faulty rotor bars, motor with faulty ring of squirrel-cage. Measured and analysed states were caused by natural degradation of parts of the machine. The efficiency of recognition of the analysed states was good. The proposed method of fault diagnostics can find application in protection of three-phase induction motors.
Numerical Study of Forced Vibration Suppression by Parametric Anti-Resonance
Authors: Pešek Ludek , Šulc Petr , Půst Ladislav
Published: November 2016

The parametric anti-resonance phenomenon as an active damping tool for suppression of externally excited resonant vibration is numerically studied herein. It is well known fact that the anti-resonance phenomenon, i.e. the stiffness periodic variation by subtractive, combination resonance frequency, brings stabilization and cancelling into self-excited vibrations. But this paper aims at a new possibility of its application, namely a damping of externally excited resonant vibration. For estimation of its effect we come both from a characteristic exponent of the analytical solution and numerical solution of forced vibration of 2DOF linear system with additional parametric excitation. The amplitude suppression owing to the parametric anti-resonance is studied on several parameters of the system: a depth of parametric excitation, mass ratio, damping coefficient and small frequency deviations from the parametric anti-resonance.
Mathematical Modelling of Sound Radiation from a T Junction of City Roads in Windy Conditions
Authors: Piddubniak Olexa , Piddubniak Nadia
Published: November 2016

The sound radiation from vehicles travelling on the city roads with T junction was considered. The wind effect on acoustic field was taken into account. The solution of this problem was found with the help of the integral Fourier transforms and stationary phase method as the superposition of solutions for the cases of vehicles moving along the straight roads and roads with right-angle bend. As an example, the numerical analysis of traffic noise characteristics was carried out for the T junction city road on one of streets in the town of Łodź (Poland).
The New Methodology for Assessing of the Applicability of Elastomeric Materials in the Vibration Isolation Systems of Railway Lines
Authors: Bednarz Jarosław
Published: November 2016

The technical requirements for the determination of physical parameters of vibration isolating material have not been standardized in Europe and Poland yet, which significantly hinders the ability to compare vibration isolating materials offered on the market. Therefore, there is a need for establishing a norm that could be applied both for the determination of the physico-mechanical properties of elastic vibration isolation elements in rail transport for domestic and foreign producers as well as in their selection for application in a specific vibration isolation system. The paper presents a proposal to standardize the methodology of the estimation of vibration isolation materials physical parameters authorized for use in vibration isolation systems used in rail transport. Methodology for measuring the physico-mechanical parameters of vibration isolating material presented in the paper forms uniform test procedure developed based on a fragmentary norms for flexible materials testing. The use of the proposed research methodology enables the creation of a unified database of elastic materials which parameters will be easy to compare, and choice between them will become easier for designers of vibration isolation systems used in rail transport.
Wavelet Packet Transform based Speech Enhancement via Two-Dimensional SPP Estimator with Generalized Gamma Priors
Authors: Sun Pengfei , Qin Jun
Published: November 2016

Despite various speech enhancement techniques have been developed for different applications, existing methods are limited in noisy environments with high ambient noise levels. Speech presence probability (SPP) estimation is a speech enhancement technique to reduce speech distortions, especially in low signalto-noise ratios (SNRs) scenario. In this paper, we propose a new two-dimensional (2D) Teager-energyoperators (TEOs) improved SPP estimator for speech enhancement in time-frequency (T-F) domain. Wavelet packet transform (WPT) as a multiband decomposition technique is used to concentrate the energy distribution of speech components. A minimum mean-square error (MMSE) estimator is obtained based on the generalized gamma distribution speech model in WPT domain. In addition, the speech samples corrupted by environment and occupational noises (i.e., machine shop, factory and station) at different input SNRs are used to validate the proposed algorithm. Results suggest that the proposed method achieves a significant enhancement on perceptual quality, compared with four conventional speech enhancement algorithms (i.e., MMSE-84, MMSE-04, Wiener-96, and BTW).
Reflections on internet research ethics from language-focused research on web-based mourning: revisiting theprivate/publicdistinction as a language ideology of differentiation
Authors: Giaxoglou Korina
Published: November 2016

The present article addresses ethical issues and tensions that have arisen in the context of language-focused research on web-based mourning. It renders explicit the process of ethical decision-making in research practice, illustrating key aspects of a process approach to research ethics, which calls for reflection on ethical issues as an integral and dynamic part of the project (Markham and Buchanan 2015. Ethical considerations in digital research contexts. In James Wright (ed.)Encyclopedia for Social & Behavioral Sciences. Elsevier Press. 606–613; Page et al. 2014.Researching Language and Social Media: A student guide. Oxon: Routledge). In addition, the article draws attention to some vexing ethical tensions raised in research practice and, in particular, to the uses of the termsprivateandpublicin research ethics frameworks and in discipline-specific discussions. Based on Gal’s (2005. Language ideologies compared: metaphors of public/private.Journal of Linguistic Anthropology15 (1): 23–38) semiotic investigation of the private/public opposition, it is shown how the two categories are used as a language ideology of differentiation that discursively contrasts spaces and forms of emotional communication. It is argued that such metaphorical uses of the terms limit their currency in internet research on language, mourning, and death online, which tends to feature the construction and staging of apublic selfin semi-public contexts. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of the issues raised in language-focused research on web-based mourning for research ethics as method (Markham 2004. Method as ethic, ethic as method.Journal of Information Ethics15 (2): 37–55) and calls for the critical study of the key concepts that underlie research ethics stances as a key step in rethinking – or ‘undoing’ – ethics (Whiteman 2012.Undoing Ethics: Rethinking Practice in Online Research. London: Springer).
Association between Echinococcus granulosus infection and cancer risk – a pilot study in Cyprus
Authors: Oikonomopoulou Katerina , Yu Herbert , Wang Zhanwei , Vasiliou Stella K. , Brinc Davor , Christofi Georgios , Theodorou Marilena , Pavlou Pavlos , Hadjisavvas Andreas , Demetriou Christiana A. , Kyriacou Kyriacos , Diamandis Eleftherios P.
Published: November 2016

Background:

Infections from microorganisms and parasites have been connected with either increased or decreased cancer risk. The objective of this study was to investigate whether infection by Echinococcus granulosus is associated with cancer risk.

Methods:

We assembled a pilot retrospective cohort of patients who were diagnosed as being infected by E. granulosus in Cyprus between 1930 and 2011. Age/gender-matched non-infected family members and neighbors were selected as references. Medical history was ascertained from each study subject through in-person interview. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to assess the association of being infected by E. granulosus with cancer risk.

Results:

Individuals with prior infection by E. granulosus (n=249) were more likely to have cancer compared to those without infection (n=753), 11.65% vs. 8.37% (p=0.0492). Survival analysis also showed that subjects with prior infection had a higher risk for developing cancer. The hazards ratio (HR) was 1.595, [95% confidence interval (CI) between 1.008 and 2.525]. The risk ratio did not change significantly (HR=1.536; 95% CI: 0.965–2.445) after adjusting for gender, year of birth, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and family history of cancer.

Conclusions:

Our study suggests that infection by E. granulosus may increase cancer risk. If this observation can be confirmed independently, further investigation of the mechanisms underlying the association is warranted.
Réseaux indépendants de télévision en Italie
Authors: Cavalli-Sforza Francesco , Donati Agnese , Evans Huw
Published: November 2016

Als die Presse zum ersten Mal von dem Aufkommen von Fernsehmaterial zu niedrigem Preis und dessen Konsequenzen für das Regionalfernsehen in Italien berichtete, glaubte man allgemein, dieses würde die aktuellen Tendenzen im Bereich der Kommunikation revolutionieren. Viele dachten, daß das neue Kommunikationsmittel eine Handhabung der Kommunikationsnetze durch und für die lokalen Gemeinwesen ermöglichen würde. Es schien, daß diese Art des Netzes wirtschaftlich wäre, und nicht auf ein hochqualifiziertes, spezialisiertes Personal zurückgreifen müßte. Indem es lokal produziertes Material dem Hauptstrom der von der Regierung betriebenen Netze hinzufügte, könnte es ein Instrument einer ungleichen Macht für die Entwicklung der Gemeinschaft und die sozialen Veränderungen werden. Aber es ist anders gekommen, da von den fünfzig heute in Betrieb befindlichen unabhängigen Netzen einige zu strikt kommerziellen Unternehmen geworden sind, die sich nicht im geringsten um die sozialen Aspekte dieses Informationsorgans kümmern; andere versuchen, lokale Informationsdienste zu liefern, wenn auch auf sehr traditionelle Weise. Nur ein winziger Prozentsatz kann als Instrument für die Gemeinschaftsentwicklung eingestuft werden. Diese Studie schildert kurz die Geschichte vom Aufkommen des Regionalfernsehens und erörtert einige Aspekte des Phänomens und seiner aktuellen Situation.
Der Platz des Fernsehens im System der Massenkommunikationsmittel
Authors: Koščo Jan
Published: November 2016

In diesem Beitrag versucht der Chefredakteur der Programmdirektion des Slowakischen Fernsehens, den Platz des Fernsehens im allgemeinen System der Massenmedien, insbesondere neben Presse und Rundfunk, zu bestimmen. Nach verschiedenen Definitionen des Phänomens der Massenkommunikation werden einige Schlußfolgerungen gezogen, die helfen sollen, die diversen Funktionen des Fernsehens in der sozialistischen Gesellschaft zu klären.
Senderfärbung und kulturelle Entwicklung
Authors: Blaukopf Kurt
Published: November 2016

Welchen Beitrag zur kulturellen Entwicklung kann die Programmstrategie und das Programmschema des Hörfunks leisten? Diese Frage wird am Beispiel der sogenannten „Senderfärbung“ behandelt. Unter „Senderfärbung“ wird eine Programmstrategie verstanden, die einzelnen Kanälen bestimmte Programminhalte zuordnet (z. B. vorwiegend Unterhaltungsmusik oder „ernste“ Musik). Aus vorliegenden empirischen Untersuchungen wird abgeleitet, daß die Senderfärbung der kulturellen Kohäsion und der kulturellen Entwicklung abträglich ist.
„Das Geheimnis“: Resümee einer kommunikationstheoretisch geleiteten Funktionsanalyse
Authors: Westerbarkey Joachim
Published: November 2016

Secret is not only a topic of communication science that has been neglected for a long time, but it may stand also as a code for the method of gaining knowledge in communication “ex contrario”. Thereby it proves that communication is regulated more by interests in pleasure and relationships than in certain contents (the priority of which many scholars still impute). Georg Simmel already analyses the immanent communicative character of secrets, their relevance to relationships, and their dialectical relation to publicity. However his fundamental understandings are modified subsequently in part, they are approved generally in several sciences, from the viewpoint of ethological, psychological, sociological or mass communication research, as well as with functional or critical intentions.
Fernsehnachrichten und Bundestagswahl 1980
Authors: Gemmeren Viktor van , Pöttker Horst , Schüler Andrea
Published: November 2016

It has often been claimed that in the Federal Republic of Germany the television under public law is heavily influenced by the established political parties. To further clarify this hypothesis, the main news programs of ARD and ZDF were analyzed for a period around the parliament elections in 1980. We found that the former government parties SPD and FDP were mentioned in about every fourth news item, whereas the former opposition parties CDU/CSU were referred to in about every sixth. These parties were usually mentioned in a positive context. Especially the ZDF showed the balanced reporting, which has been claimed by the parties. Furthermore, the selection of topics for the news programs strongly supports the hypothesis that the television is controlled by the established political parties: before the elections, reports about environmental pollution and unemployment were rarer and more superficial than reports on vindicatory topics (Eastern Europe). Whether and why this that changed, requires further investigation.
La Science du droit de l’information en Espagne
Authors: Soria Carlos
Published: November 2016

The starting point of the Science of Communication Law in Spain can be situated in 1973. That year, Communication Law was taught for the first time in three University Schools of Journalism. Between 1973 and 1978 we can underline doctrinal efforts with a view towards firmly establishing this new field, especially those of Professors Conesa, Desantes, Fernández Areal, Gómez Reino, Gorostiaga, Molinero, Quadra Salcedo, Sánchez Ferris and Soria. Professor Desante’s works stand out for their depth, extension and originality. Between 1979 and 1985, after the promulgation of the new Spanish Constitution, some 150 monographical studies have been published. The central idea dominating the Spanish doctrine is the consideration of communication as a human right which seeks to freely develop all its virtualities. This approach is far removed from any type of instrumental configuration of communication - as power or as a technique for domination - as well as from a sociological point of view.
A Quantitative Analysis of Worldwide VCR Penetration
Authors: Lin Carolyn
Published: November 2016

Recently, video cassette recorders have become a popular product in many nations around the world. However, the reasons for this global video boom are largely unknown. There appear to be many potentially uneven factors associated with the diffusion of video cassette recorders worldwide. The current study attempts to assess the relationship between all of these potential factors and the penetration of video cassette recorders across sixty-three countries. The overall statistical results generated through hypothesis testing suggest that a number of national policy, domestic economic, national media system and media infrastructure factors are relatively important predictors for the spread of video cassette recorders across industrialized as well as less industrialized states.
Meinungsbildner und Multiplikatoren
Authors: Braehmer Uwe
Published: November 2016

Exceptionel, social functions of readerships make a readership analysis of two communication professional magazines most interesting. The readers are journalists and public relations experts. The subscribers were asked in written form in two structural surveys as to their reading habits and estimation of the topics with regard to the professional magazines „Journalist“ and „PR Magazin“. The first one is the official publication of the German Organization of Journalists DJV, the second is published in close cooperation with the German Public Relations Society DPRG. The data concerning a normal structural survey of the readers is upgraded because professional magazines were examined which are made by respectively created with the assistance of two recognized professional institutions. It gives the possibility to get some information about journalists and public relations experts who are the opinion leader in Germany.
Hörerforschung bei Radio Liberty
Authors: Scheuch Erwin K.
Published: November 2016

In its research procedures Radio Liberty follows the same basic scheme that Deming und Pool also designed for Radio Free Europe in 1945. As it is impossible to conduct audience research in the target area USSR itself, visitors from the Soviet Union in the West are used as a substitute sample. A form of stratification-after-sampling is used to correct the selectivity of these visitors. Usually the sample size is 4,000 to 5,000. Crucial for the ability to generalize from the visitors to the population of the USSR in general are weighting procedures. The main difficulty is the lack of detailed statistics from Soviet sources. Surveys show that the citizens of the Soviet Union have little knowledge about everyday life in the West. The prevailing attitude towards Western life is ambivalence. The strong dissatisfaction with life conditions in the USSR must, however, not be interpreted as an option for Western life. It is rather a criticism of the bad management of one’s own system. Findings show that the prevailing adjustment to the irritations of everyday life take the character of privatisation, lack of incentive in public, sometime personal disorganisation, more often religiousness, and above all, pride in the international power of the Soviet Union.
Les Radios locales privées en France au travers de l’exemple du département de la Gironde. (1976 – 1986
Authors: Cheval Jean-Jacques
Published: November 2016

The development of the private local radios in Gironde, as at the national level, is done in a legislative context altered on several occasions but which is never used. The social phenomenon, marginal and claimant of the „free radios“ offering an anarchic character rediscovers quickly its proper laws of regulation which are essentially economic. At the experiences of associatives radios succeed the experiences of business radios with a very clear tendency at the concentration by the integration of the radios in national networks. We have to reflect on the reason which have permitted a such evolution so distant from the initial hopes.
Biographisches Material in Tageszeitungen
Authors: Müller Helmut-Gerhard
Published: November 2016

Summary The essay deals with an article portraying interviewees taken out of twenty qualitative analyses. The examination bears on:

1. how journalists make use of biographical material; 2. which impression biographical material leaves on readers and interviewees, and 3. the fact that virtual interests and motives of recipients of interviewees are often unsufficiently taken into account by journalists.
Vortrag: Gesundheitskultur im Alltag: Sprachloses Leid. Zur existentiellen Dimension von Kommunikation
Authors: Gottschlich Maximilian , Haaren Marion von
Published: November 2016

Das Leitthema Gesundheit und Lebensstil wurde aus unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln diskutiert. Hierbei wurde darauf hingewiesen, daß die Non-Kommunikation der Bereiche Leid und Tod nicht allein für die Erklärung bestimmter Lebensstile ausreichend sei, sondern daß sich Lebensstile auch durch Lebenschancen bzw. soziale Verhältnisse, die ungleich sind und Leid fördern, determinieren. Aus dieser Perspektive würden Medien eher verstärkend in Richtung individueller Isolation wirken, die durch Sprachlosigkeit gekennzeichnet sei. Differenziert man im Bereich Gesundheitsinformation nach Primär- und Sekundärprävention, seien gerade in Fragen der Primärprävention die Medien gefordert, diesbezüglich Informationen zu übermitteln, um entsprechende Lebensstile zu fördern. Hierbei sei die mediale Massenkommunikation alleine jedoch nicht ausreichend, sondern es bedürfe zusätzlich einer personalen Kommunikation/Beratung.
Vortrag: Keine Medikation ohne Kommunikation
Authors: Stoffers Manfred , Schüller Heidi
Published: November 2016

Zu Beginn der Diskussion wurde das unterschiedliche Verständnis des Begriffs „Heilung“ in der allgemeinen Gesundheitsdiskussion bemängelt. Gilt „Heilung“ in den Augen des Patienten als Genesung von einer Krankheit und Abstinenz vom Arzt, versteht der Mediziner unter „Heilung“ einen Behandlungsversuch mit mehr oder weniger unklarem Ausgang- bestenfalls den Stillstand eines Krankheitsverlaufes.

Beim Informationstransport bezüglich der Wirkung von Medikamenten wurde auf die grundsätzliche Trennung von verscheibungspflichtigen und nicht-verschreibungspflichtigen Medikamenten (OTC-Präparate) hingewiesen. Im Bereich der verschreibungspflichtigen Medikamente ist Werbung untersagt. Allerdings gebe es vielfältige Informationträger in diesem Bereich, wie z.B. Beipackzettel, regelmäßige Publikationen der Krankenkassen etc., deren Aufklärungspotential noch unzureichend genützt werde. Bei OTC-Präparaten sei eine Tendenz zu erkennen, daß als Bericht aufgemachte Werbung in die redaktionellen Teile der Printmedien gelange. Der im Vortrag unterstellte Zusammenhang zwischen Werbung und erhöhter Beurteilungskompetenz beim Verbraucher wurde in Frage gestellt. Im Wettbewerb stehende Produkte müßten sicherlich beworben werden, allerdings wurde auf den besonderen Produktcharakter von Medikamenten abgehoben. Sie seien eben nicht Produkte wie Autos oder Waschmittel, sondern in Ihrer Wirkung „gefährlichere“ Mittel, als der in seiner Werbung bereits eingeschränkte Tabak oder Alkohol.
Gesundheitsfernsehen: Wartezimmer 2000
Authors: Peitzker Jörg
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung der Diskussion

Zu Beginn der Diskussion wurde einhellig die Präsentation des Konzeptes als positiv eingestuft. Was den Einsatz eines derartigen Gesundheitsfernsehens im Wartebereich einer Arztpraxis angeht, wiesen mehrere Teilnehmer darauf hin, daß „Warten“ in diesem Kontext eine besondere Bedeutung habe, nämlich das sich in Ruhe Vorbereiten auf ein individuelles Arzt-Patientengespräch. Insofern sei es eher kontraproduktiv, den Patienten in dieser Vorbereitungsphase mit neuen Informationen zu versorgen und so eine Atmosphäre ständiger Unruhe zu schaffen. Dies sei die Ursache dafür, daß ähnliche Projekte im Feldversuch gescheitert seien. Auch der Einwand Peitzgers, wonach dieses Konzept geeignet sei, Gesundheitsinformationen gerade im Sinne des Kongeßthemas ohne Sickerverluste zu transportieren, konnte diesen grundsätzlichen Einwand nur wenig relativieren. Für den Zeitpunkt nach dem Arzt-Patientengespräch wurde der Einsatz neuer Medien als positiv eingeschätzt, so z.B. in Form einer Videokassette, anhand der sich der Patient Zuhause zum „Experten“ der eigenen Krankheit machen könne. Ähnliches gelte für Krankenhäuser. Es sei nicht einzusehen, daß dort lediglich das allgemeine Programm konsumiert werde und nicht ein hauseigenes Programm, über das Krankheitsbilder oder auch Inhalte über die Organisation des Hauses, Operationstechniken u.ä. transportiert werden könnte.
The Populist Tsunami of the Second Gilded Age
Authors: Formisano Ron
Published: November 2016

The candidacies of Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders typify populist protests launched in the name of the people going back to before the American Revolution. They express, however, very different populist impulses: Trump rode a mostly reactionary populism to the Republican nomination, echoing earlier reactionaries by exploiting nativist and racial resentments and prejudice among whites while inconsistently embracing progressive policies that unsettled traditional Republicans. Sanders launched a strong challenge for the Democratic nomination but with a consistently progressive populist message. Both campaigns appealed to their supporters by coming across as “anti-establishment” and unrepresentative of politics-as-usual.
Trump’s All Too Familiar Strategy and Its Future in the GOP
Authors: Hajnal Zoltan , Abrajano Marisa
Published: November 2016

Although many observers have been surprised both by the racial explicit nature of Donald Trump’s campaign and the subsequent success of that campaign, we contend that Trump’s tactics and their success are far from new. We describe how for the past half century Republicans have used race and increasingly immigration to attract white voters – especially working class whites. All of this has led to an increasingly racially polarized polity and for the most part Republican electoral success. We conclude with some expectations about the future of race, immigration, and party politics.
An Inherent Tension Within Populist Rhetoric
Authors: Bateman David , Seth Levine Adam
Published: November 2016

Populist rhetoric in America contains two essential features: first, a sharp critique of economic and political life and, second, a call for broader participation by the people that will set things right in response to an elite whose actions brought about contemporary problems. Past work generally assumes that the two goals inherent in this rhetoric – its educative critique and its exhortation to action – are compatible with each other. However, in this paper we argue that there is often an inherent tension between them. That is, the stronger the educative critique, the more it can actually reduce people’s likelihood of taking action. We provide several historical and contemporary examples of this pattern and then discuss a new line of research that examines it using experiments. We conclude by considering ways in which populist rhetoric can avoid the pitfall of voter disengagement.
Compositions of linear functions and applications to hashing
Authors: Shpilrain Vladimir , Sosnovski Bianca
Published: November 2016

Cayley hash functions are based on a simple idea of using a pair of (semi)group elements,
Minoisch = Protogriechisch. Reflexionen zu den Epitheta Deorum und den Ideogrammen des Diskos von Phaistós
Authors: Neuss Ottomar
Published: November 2016

Als Ergänzung zu zwei in den Vorjahren veröffentlichten Beiträgen kamen neue Gesichtspunkte zur Deutung des Diskos von Phaistós hinzu. Die Codeglyphe Löwenkopf

= MA gestattet innerhalb einer umfassenden Synopse, weitere Epitheta der Göttin Hera zu identifizieren. Wiederum zeigen Bildzeichen sowohl silbischen als auch ideographischen Charakter. Bei der Federkopfglyphe erstreckt sich die Mehrwertigkeit anscheinend sogar auf ideographische und determinativische Funktion. Keilschriftliche Vorbilder dürften maßgebend gewesen sein.
Longitudinal research design in adolescent developmental research
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Ng Catalina S.M.
Published: November 2016

In adolescent developmental research, cross-sectional and longitudinal research designs are commonly used. In this paper, examples of adolescent developmental research utilizing cross-sectional designs are presented and the basic attributes, strengths and weaknesses of cross-sectional designs are outlined. Besides, examples of longitudinal adolescent developmental research as well as its characteristics, advantages and pitfalls are examined. Based on this review, it is argued that longitudinal research design plays an important role in adolescent developmental research. Implications of the present review on the design of longitudinal adolescent research studies in the Chinese context are discussed.
Longitudinal adolescent studies in Mainland China: review and reflection
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Li Xiang
Published: November 2016

Longitudinal studies are important for understanding adolescent development. In this study, eight examples of longitudinal adolescent research in different fields in Mainland China were examined. The review showed that longitudinal studies in Mainland China were grossly inadequate. There were also few studies on adolescent life satisfaction, sensitive developmental issues (such as sexuality and suicide) and program evaluation. Panel study was the dominant longitudinal design but most of them did not have many time points for data collection. Most studies were based on convenience sampling and some adolescent sub-populations, while adolescents in rural areas and those with disabilities were not adequately covered. Finally, most of the tools used were self-report measures and validated measures are desperately needed.
Developing an Effective Method to Determine the Heat Transfer Model in Fish Myofibrillar Protein Paste with Computer Simulation Considering the Phase Transition on Various Dimensions
Authors: Lee Myeong Gi , Yoon Won Byong
Published: November 2016

Numerical simulation was performed to evaluate thermal patterns of Alaska pollock (AP) surimi paste depending on the dimension and the phase transition of sol to gel during conventional water bath cooking. AP surimi paste (76 and 80 % moisture) was molded into 2, 3.5, and 5 cm cubes and heated at 90 °C. Three simulation models were developed: using average thermal properties in the cooking temperature range from 20 to 90 °C (model A); the thermal properties at the average temperature of each dimension (model B); and the thermal properties including the phase transition region of each dimension (model C). Model A showed a relatively large deviation between the simulation and experiment. Model B reflected the effect of dimension on gelation and showed better fitness (maximum RMSE=5.01 °C). The highest fitness (maximum RMSE=1.67 °C) was observed with model C reflecting both dimension difference and a phase transition.
Use of E-Portfolios in Education
Authors: Fuglík Viktor
Published: November 2016

E-portfolio is commonly used to support evaluation process in all forms of education. It is considered to be a very useful tool by many professional organisations, working groups, projects and it is the leading topic of many conferences and workshops. These initiatives drive the development of e-portfolio and enhance its using with new technologies in education. By their activities - studies and methodical support - initiatives directly influence governments and especially education practice. The very important result is improving frequency of using eportfolio during learning process and verification of effectiveness of the new technologies. The article offers detailed comparison of e-portfolio initiatives and shows connections and its possible application in the area of the Czech Republic.
Information System “Diagnostic” as a Tool of Action Research
Authors: Seberová Alena , Malčík Martin
Published: November 2016

In order for schools to be able to manage the demanding tasks that are imposed on them today, they must be ready for internal transformation. This transformation cannot be driven by chance or intuition, or managed from the outside, but has to be executed on the basis of exact internal data. This data can be obtained through the methods of action research carried out at schools, with the help of the prepared information system called Diagnostic. Using long-term data gathering and processing, as well as other activities, school can become a learning organisation, which can adequately react to the changing external conditions, and constantly improve its quality.
The use of Inquiry Based Education in a Simulation Software Environment in Pre-Service ICT Teacher Training
Authors: Šimandl Václav , Vaníček Jiří
Published: November 2016

The article deals with the possibilities of using inquiry based education methods as part of preservice ICT teacher education. The question is how this teaching method can be used within a specialised subject focused on teaching technical principles, in this case concerning the functionality of various computer networks and their components. The first task was to find appropriate software for such a method of teaching. Software simulating a computer network was chosen and modified curricula was used so that students could obtain crucial competencies for understanding networks by independently exploring them for themselves: how a prepared network operates, finding connections and formulating a written conclusion. The goal was to direct students to actively experiment with the assigned networks and research answers to the assigned questions. However, instead of simply being given outright answers, students were advised how to proceed in order to find solutions for themselves. Another aim was to familiarize future teachers with this method in the role of pupil. The data for the research was acquired from participant observation and the evaluation of the lessons via questionnaires and a group discussion on the benefits and drawbacks of this approach in the lessons in comparison with similar subjects taught traditionally. It was found that successful students started to ask questions which they were interested in and to go on inquiring to answer them. Although the students realized the benefits of the teaching approach, many of them were not prepared enough to work with this method (particularly due to the lack of knowledge of basic theoretical concepts).
The Development of Learning Competences through Wiki Tools
Authors: Froldová Vladimíra
Published: November 2016

This paper reports on a pre-research included in a pedagogical experiment carried out at a Secondary School in Prague. In particular, it focuses on learning outcomes and overall experience concerning the development of learning competences through the use of a wiki in Social Science lessons and realized through the content and language integrated learning (CLIL). Although the main objective of the pedagogical experiment was to enhance English communication skills, the inevitable part of the experiment was to implement wiki tools into autonomous home learning, mainly to create such a learning environment which supports English communication, and particularly to examine the wiki potential for the development of learning competences. Moreover, the pedagogical experiment was supposed to show the extent of students’ effort to create and use wiki materials for their learning and cooperation. In the first part, various aspects of implementing learning competences into the learning process are dealt. In the second part, the general concept of a wiki (wikispaces) is introduced, including the practical usage for enhancing learning competences. Followed by research questions and research methodology, where three stages of the teaching and learning process involved in the experiment are introduced, the final part of the paper deals with the outcomes and summarizes their beneficial contributions to a wiki-based pedagogy.
Didactics of Programming
Authors: Salanci Ľubomír
Published: November 2016

Programming is as an important part of informatics at Slovak schools, and therefore we put focus on didactics of programming. We have observed various issues that are related to teaching and didactics of programming. These issues should be mastered by future teachers of informatics that we prepare at our faculty. In order to prepare future teachers we have designed a course of didactics of programming. For example, we have observed that our students - future teachers do not differentiate between levels of complexity when trying to teach various programming topics, or they skip important steps when explaining solution of a problem. We came to conclusion that it is necessary to design various activities related to teaching of programming and problem solving that allow students to collect their own practical experiences by resolving various didactical problems and to develop their critical thinking about teaching.
Developing Technical Skills of Pupils in Primary and Secondary Schools
Authors: Oujezdský Aleš , Nagyová Ingrid
Published: November 2016

The paper is aimed at the development of technical skills of pupils in primary and secondary schools. Technical courses are usually not popular among pupils. Therefore, within the scope of the “Windows of Science Wide Open” project, we prepared a number of activities, which should encourage pupils’ interest in the technical courses and help develop their technical skills. During the academic year we held several workshops for primary and secondary school pupils. The workshops contained activities such as the programming of robotic kits, the use of electric microscope in education, the use of measuring systems and a computer for the measuring of quantities around us, or the use of modern technology when creating an audiovisual project. Approximately 150 primary and secondary school pupils participated in the workshops.
Learner Preferences and Rejections of Selected Test Formats
Authors: Šimonová Ivana
Published: November 2016

The article presents the results of the survey on student preferences and rejections of selected types of tests (test formats) reflecting their learning preferences. The survey was conducted at the Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic in the sample of 203 students of Applied Informatics, Information Management, Financial Management and Tourism&Management study programmes. Data were collected by two questionnaires: (1) Learning Combination Inventory by Johnston, which was exploited to detect learner preferences, and (2) Preference/Rejection of selected types of tests, which enabled learners to express their opinions on seven selected types of tests on 10-level Likert scale. The results clearly showed strong preference of questions and tasks pre-defined before the credit test or exam, both in the oral and written forms. This finding might lead to a conclusion that student flexibility and creative thinking are not sufficiently developed for autonomous work and searching for new solutions, as required by numerous educational documents.
Testing in Adaptive LMS
Authors: Prextová Tatiana
Published: November 2016

For a number of years now, the research activity at the Department of Information and Communication Technologies at the Pedagogical Faculty of the University of Ostrava has been aimed at improving the quality of instruction. A team of experts has been assembled who can create new study materials that can be used in the electronic environment and are able to adapt to students’ individual characteristics and needs. As feedback is an integral part of instruction (be it the e-learning or the classic one), the proposition of electronic adaptive testing has been included in the process. In the proposition, the authors ponder a number of alternative possibilities of adapting test tasks - suitably formulated tasks, suitable reactions to the student’s correct and incorrect answers, suitable selection of individual test tasks. This paper aims to introduce the basic principles and rules of electronic adaptive testing and consider other adaptation options.
High-Speed Δβ-Reversal Directional Coupler Modulator with Low Insertion Loss for 1.3 μm in LiNbO3
Authors: Auracher F. , Schicketanz D. , Zeitler K.-H.
Published: November 2016

We report on a very fast (≥ 6 Gbit/s) Δβ-reversal directional-coupler modulator with low insertion loss (2 dB) for 1.3 μm wavelength operation. The design of the modulator permits easy and reproducible fabrication.
Electrically Induced Ti:LiNbO3 Strip-Waveguides: Effect of Electrooptic Modulation
Authors: Savatinova I. , Tonchev S. , Pushkarov Kh. , Scharf F.
Published: November 2016

Experimental and theoretical data are presented that relate to strip waveguides obtained by applying a voltage to electrodes deposited on a Ti:LiNbO3 planar waveguide. The dependence of the modal picture on inducing voltage is registrated. Optical Field distributions in depth are calculated approximating the Gaussian index profile by a parabola and an exponent. The overlap between the optical intensity and the electric field is measured for different depth modes and is compared with calculated ones. A possibility of effective amplitude modulation is observed on the base of formations of successive lateral modes. A simple modulator is demonstrated.