bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of the Antiplatelet Activating Factor, 4‐Thiazolidinones, Using Silyl Derivatives of 2‐Mercaptoalkanoic Acids.
Authors: TANABE Y. , OKUMURA H. , NAGAOSA M. , MURAKAMI M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Lithiation of a Trimethyl Benzo‐1,3‐thiazoline: Generation of an α‐Amino Tertiary Carbanion and Reactions with Electrophiles.
Authors: FLORIO S. , CAPRIATI V. , GALLO A. , COHEN T.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Cleavage and Ring Expansion of Thiochromane and Benzodihydrothiophene.
Authors: COHEN T. , CHEN F. , KULINSKI T. , FLORIO S. , CAPRIATI V.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Trimethylsilyl Triflate Promoted Annulation of N‐ Acetoacetylated Alkenyl Amides.
Authors: PADWA A. , HARRING S. R. , SEMONES M. A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Radical and Cationic Couplings in 4‐Acetoxy‐1,3‐ dioxane Rings.
Authors: RYCHNOVSKY S. D. , SKALITZKY D. J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: First Synthesis of Secondary P‐Alkenyl and P‐Alkynyl Phosphine Oxides.
Authors: BABA G. , PILARD J.‐F. , TANTAOUI K. , GAUMONT A.‐C. , DENIS J.‐M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: C‐Phosphorylation of 2‐Methylbenzofuran and 2,3‐Dihydro‐2‐methylene‐1, 4‐benzodioxin.
Authors: TOLMACHEV A. A. , MITROKHIN A. YU. , DZVINCHUK I. B. , PIROZHENKO V. V. , KHARCHENKO A. V.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Terpenoids and Related Compounds. Part 32. Calliphyllin, a New Diterpene from the Leaves of Callicarpa macrophylla.
Authors: TALAPATRA S. K. , POLLEY M. , TALAPATRA B.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Design for the Construction of Complex Gibberellin Framework Stereoselective Synthesis of a Possible Key Intermediate to GA12 via Pd2+‐Promoted Cycloalkenylation Reaction.
Authors: TOYOTA M. , WADA T. , NISHIKAWA Y. , YANAI K. , FUKUMOTO K. , KABUTO C.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Study on the Preparation of Functionalized Decalinic Systems by Electrocyclization Reaction.
Authors: LECLAIRE M. , JEAN P. , LOPEZ R. , RICARD L. , PLESSIX H. , LALLEMAND J. Y.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Torquoselectivity on the Thermal Electrocyclic Ring Closure of Vinylallenes to Alkylidenecyclobutenes.
Authors: LOPEZ S. , GARCIA REY J. , RODRIGUEZ J. , DE LERA A. R.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase Reactions with Dimethylallyl Diphosphate Analogues Having Oxygen Atoms in Their Chains.
Authors: MAKI Y. , KURIHARA M. , ENDO T. , ABIKO M. , SAITO K. , WATANABE G. , OGURA K.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Antiandrogenic Activity of 17β‐Hydroxy‐17. alpha.‐(ω‐hydroxy/haloalkyn‐1′‐yl)‐4‐methyl‐4‐aza‐3‐oxo‐5α‐ androstan‐(1‐ene)‐3‐ones.
Authors: LI X. , SINGH S. M. , LOURDUSAMY M. , MERAND Y. , VEILLEUX R. , LABRIE F.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of D‐Ribofuranoamidrazones as Inhibitors of Nucleoside Processing Enzymes.
Authors: BOUTELLIER M. , GANEM B.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of α‐ and β‐Dienyl Glycosides Used as Dienes in Aqueous Diels‐Alder Reactions. Influence of the Carbohydrate Moiety on the Thermodynamics of the Reaction
Authors: LUBINEAU A. , BIENAYME H. , QUENEAU Y.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted 2,6‐Dioxabicyclo(3.1.1)heptanes: 1,3‐Anhydro‐ 2,4‐di‐O‐benzyl‐6‐deoxy‐β‐L‐talopyranose.
Authors: GAN Z. , KONG F.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Strategy for Carbohydrate‐Based Syntheses of Oxaspiro‐ Multichiral Systems: An Alternative Route to Pyranosidic Homologation.
Authors: AL‐TEL T. H. , AL‐QAWASMEH R. A. , KAISER T. , VOELTER W.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Radical Cyclization Reactions for the Construction of Pseudocopsinine and Aspidosperma Alkaloid Models.
Authors: PARSONS P. J. , PENKETT C. S. , CRAMP M. C. , WEST R. I. , WARRINGTON J. , SARAIVA M. C.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β‐Hydroxywybutines, the Most Probable Alternatives for the Hypermodified Base of Rat Liver Phenylalanine Transfer Ribonucleic Acid.
Authors: ITAYA T. , WATANABE N. , IIDA T. , KANAI T. , MIZUTANI A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleic Acid Related Compounds. Part 86. Nucleophilic Functionalization of Adenine, Adenosine, Tubercidin, and Formycin Derivatives via Elaboration of the Heterocyclic Amino Group into a Readily Displaced 1,2,4‐Triazol‐4‐yl Substituent.
Authors: MILES R. W. , SAMANO V. , ROBINS M. J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anti‐HIV‐1 Activity of 4‐ and 5‐Substituted 1,2,3‐ Triazole‐TSAO Derivatives.
Authors: SAN‐FELIX A. , ALVAREZ R. , VELAZQUEZ S. , DE CLERCQ E. , BALZARINI J. , CAMARASA M. J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Phosphonate Derivatives of Enantiomeric Dihydro‐2H‐pyranyl Nucleosides.
Authors: PEREZ‐PEREZ M.‐J. , BALZARINI J. , ROZENSKI J. , DE CLERCQ E. , HERDEWIJN P.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of 1‐O‐Acyl‐3‐O‐(6′‐O‐acyl‐β‐D‐ galactopyranosyl)‐sn‐glycerol.
Authors: MORIMOTO T. , NAGATSU A. , MURAKAMI N. , SAKAKIBARA J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Enzyme Inhibitors. Part 4. Synthesis of All the Four Possible Stereoisomers of Acaterin, Naturally Occurring ACAT Inhibitor, and the Determination of Its Absolute Configuration.
Authors: ISHIGAMI K. , KITAHARA T.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild and Efficient Method for the Formation of a Key Intermediate in Penem Chemistry.
Authors: HUSSAIN N. , MORGAN D. O.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Blue Vanadium‐Zircon Pigments by Aerosols Hydrolysis.
Authors: TARTAJ P. , SERNA C. J. , OCANA M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐Mediated Synthesis of Carbazole Derivatives
Authors: KNOELKER H.‐J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrozirconation with Schwartz′s Reagent. A Convenient Approach for C‐ C Bond Formation
Authors: KALESSE M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: SADP and SAEP. Novel Chiral Hydrazine Auxiliaries for Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: ENDERS D.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbazolequinone Alkaloids
Authors: FURUKAWA H.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of N‐Cycloimmonium Salts for the Synthesis of Anellated Heterophospholes
Authors: BANSAL R. K. , MAHNOT R. , PANDEY G. , GUPTA R.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Oxidation by Non‐Heme Iron Mono‐Oxygenases from Pseudomonas
Authors: WUBBOLTS M. G. , NOORDMAN R. , VAN BEILEN J. B. , WITHOLT B.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Unimolecular Reactions of Peroxy Radicals in Atmospheric Chemistry and Combustion
Authors: Glowacki David R. , Pilling Michael J.
Published: September 2010

Peroxy radicals can undergo isomerisation and dissociation reactions in competition with reactions with NO and with other peroxy radicals. Such a competition is central to the recently proposed mechanism for OH regeneration in the atmospheric oxidation of isoprene. The occurrence of peroxy radical isomerisation reactions in both combustion and atmospheric chemistry is discussed, and exemplified by reference to the peroxy radicals formed from the C2H5, CH3CO, HOC2H2 and HOC6H6 radicals. The discussion is based on the use of electronic structure and master equation calculations to interpret experimental results.
Conformational Properties of Arenicins: From the Bulk to the Air–Water Interface
Authors: Travkova Oksana G. , Andrä Jörg , Möhwald Helmuth , Brezesinski Gerald
Published: September 2010

The structures of two antimicrobial peptides (arenicin Ar‐1 and its linear derivative C/S‐Ar‐1) are studied in different solutions and at the air–water interface using spectroscopic methods such as circular dichroism (CD) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) as well as grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction (GIXD) and specular X‐ray reflectivity (XR). Both peptides exhibit similar structures in solution. In the buffer used for most of the experiments the main secondary structure elements are 22 % β‐turn, 38 % β‐sheet and 38 % random coil. The amphiphilic peptides are surface‐active and form a Gibbs monolayer at the air–buffer interface. The surface activity is drastically increased by increasing the ionic strength of the subphase. The β‐sheet layer is quite stable and can be compressed to higher surface pressures. This adsorption layer is very crystalline. Bragg peaks corresponding to an interstrand distance of 4.78 Å and to an end‐to‐end distance have been observed. This end‐to‐end distance can be connected with the observed differences in the layer thickness leading to the assumption that the peptides form a hairpin which is bended depending on the interactions with the counterions.
Loss of procollagen IIA from the anterior mesendoderm disrupts the development of mouse embryonic forebrain
Authors: Leung Alan W.L. , Wong Sandra Y.Y. , Chan Danny , Tam Patrick P.L. , Cheah Kathryn S.E.
Published: September 2010

Morphogenesis of the mammalian forebrain is influenced by the patterning activity of signals emanating from the anterior mesendoderm. In this study, we show that procollagen IIA (IIA), an isoform of the cartilage extracellular matrix protein encoded by an alternatively spliced transcript of Col2a1, is expressed in the prechordal plate and the anterior definitive endoderm. In the absence of IIA activity, the null mutants displayed a partially penetrant phenotype of loss of head tissues, holoprosencephaly, and loss of mid‐facial structures, which is associated with reduced sonic hedgehog (Shh) expression in the prechordal mesoderm. Genetic interaction studies reveal that IIA function in forebrain and face development does not involve bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1A (BMPR1A)‐ or NODAL‐mediated signaling activity. Developmental Dynamics 239:2319–2329. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Commentaries on ‘Addition of long‐acting beta‐agonists to inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children’
Authors: Turner Steve , Thomas Mike , Lazarus Stephen C. , Zutler Moshe , Connors Lori , Keith Paul K. , Brand Paul L. P.
Published: September 2010

These are commentaries on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Ni Chroinin M, Lasserson TJ, Greenstone I, Ducharme FM. Addition of long‐acting beta‐agonists to inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD007949. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007949.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Oral iron supplementation for preventing or treating anaemia among children in malaria‐endemic areas’ with a response from the review authors
Authors: Roth Daniel E. , Black Robert E. , Ojukwu Juliana U , Okebe Joseph U , Yahav Dafna , Paul Mical
Published: September 2010

This is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Ojukwu JU, Okebe JU, Yahav D, Paul M. Oral iron supplementation for preventing or treating anaemia among children in malaria‐endemic areas. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD006589. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006589.pub2

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentaries on ‘Interventions for preventing and treating kidney disease in Henoch‐Schönlein Purpura’
Authors: Zaffanello Marco , Emma Francesco , Weiss Pamela F. , Hastings M. Colleen , Eison T. Matthew , Wyatt Robert J.
Published: September 2010

These are commentaries on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Chartapisak W, Opastirakul S, Hodson EM, Willis NS, Craig JC. Interventions for preventing and treating kidney disease in Henoch‐Schönlein Purpura (HSP). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD005128. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005128.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in histone acetylation and methylation that are important for persistent but not transient expression of CCR4 in human CD4+ T cells
Authors: Singh Satya P. , de Camargo Maristela M. , Zhang Hongwei H. , Foley John F. , Hedrick Michael N. , Farber Joshua M.
Published: September 2010

Although regulation of CXCR3 and CCR4 is related to Th1 and Th2 differentiation, respectively, many CXCR3+ and CCR4+ cells do not express IFN‐γ and/or IL‐4, suggesting that the chemokine receptor genes might be inducible by mechanisms that are lineage‐independent. We investigated the regulation of CXCR3 versus IFNG, and CCR4 versus IL4 in human CD4+ T cells by analyzing modifications of histone H3. In naïve cord‐blood cells, under nonpolarizing conditions not inducing IL4, CCR4 was induced to high levels without many of the activation‐associated changes in promoter histone H3 found for both IL4 and CCR4 in Th2 cells. Importantly, CCR4 expression was stable in Th2 cells, but fell in nonpolarized cells after the cells were rested; this decline could be reversed by increasing histone acetylation using sodium butyrate. Patterns of histone H3 modifications in CXCR3+CCR4− and CXCR3−CCR4+ CD4+ T‐cell subsets from adult blood matched those in cells cultured under polarizing conditions in vitro. Our data show that high‐level lineage‐independent induction of CCR4 can occur following T‐cell activation without accessibility‐associated changes in histone H3, but that without such changes expression is transient rather than persistent.
Sequential Electrochemical Polymerization of Aniline and Their Derivatives Showing Electrochemical Activity at Neutral pH
Authors: Yánez‐Heras Jorge , Planes Gabriel A. , Williams Federico , Barbero César A. , Battaglini Fernando
Published: September 2010

Sequential electropolymerization of aniline followed by an aniline derivative bearing an ion moiety is presented. The studied derivatives contain sulfonic, carboxylate or amino groups. Its electrochemical behavior at acid and neutral pH is studied by cyclic voltammetry combined with quartz crystal microbalance or probe beam deflection in order to assess the mass transfer process involved in these new modified electrodes. All of them show a stable and quasi‐reversible electrochemical behavior at neutral pH that can be attributed to a self‐doping process. These new modified electrodes can be further modified due to the presence of functional groups.
Cyclic Voltammetry of Retinol in Surfactant Media and Its Application for the Analysis of Real Samples
Authors: Ziyatdinova Guzel , Giniyatova Endzhe , Budnikov Herman
Published: September 2010

Retinol is irreversibly oxidized at 790 mV in water 0.1 M LiClO4 that corresponds to formation of retinal. Effect of surfactant on voltammetric characteristics of retinol oxidation has been evaluated. The calibration graph was linear in the range 29.4–980 µM of retinol with detection limit of 15 µM in presence of 1.1×10−4 M of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Application of surfactant media leads to decrease of detection limit, enlargement of analytical range for retinol determination and permits analyze retinol in water media. Simple, express and reliable voltammetric approach for determination of retinol in real samples using surfactant media have been developed.
Second‐harmonic generation voltage imaging at subcellular resolution in rat hippocampal slices
Authors: Rama Sylvain , Vetrivel L. , Semyanov Alexey
Published: September 2010

Action potential (AP) is a major signaling mechanism in the neuronal networks. Dendritic AP propagation is important for information processing within the individual neurons. Due to limitations of electrode‐based techniques most research on subcellular AP propagation has been restricted to soma and proximal parts of the primary dendrites. Development of voltage‐sensitive dyes (VSD) has opened up a possibility to measure voltage changes in the oblique dendrites and the spines. Membrane‐bound organic VSD can be used both for fluorescent imaging and imaging of second‐harmonic generation (SHG). Both phenomena are voltage dependent and can be used for measuring membrane potential changes. However, changes in SHG are linear to the change in the local membrane potential and its slope is constant across different compartments of cells. Although SHG demonstrates reasonable change with membrane voltage (over 10% per 100 mV), the signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio is currently lower in SHG measurement than in fluorescent methods. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Perlecan/Hspg2 deficiency alters the pericellular space of the lacunocanalicular system surrounding osteocytic processes in cortical bone
Authors: Thompson William R , Modla Shannon , Grindel Brian J , Czymmek Kirk J , Kirn-Safran Catherine B , Wang Liyun , Duncan Randall L , Farach-Carson Mary C
Published: September 2010

Osteocytes project long, slender processes throughout the mineralized matrix of bone, where they connect and communicate with effector cells. The interconnected cellular projections form the functional lacunocanalicular system, allowing fluid to pass for cell-to-cell communication and nutrient and waste exchange. Prevention of mineralization in the pericellular space of the lacunocanalicular pericellular space is crucial for uninhibited interstitial fluid movement. Factors contributing to the ability of the pericellular space of the lacunocanalicular system to remain open and unmineralized are unclear. Immunofluorescence and immunogold localization by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated perlecan/Hspg2 signal localized to the osteocyte lacunocanalicular system of cortical bone, and this proteoglycan was found in the pericellular space of the lacunocanalicular system. In this study we examined osteocyte lacunocanalicular morphology in mice deficient in the large heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan/Hspg2 in this tissue. Ultrastructural measurements with electron microscopy of perlecan/Hspg2-deficient mice demonstrated diminished osteocyte canalicular pericellular area, resulting from a reduction in the total canalicular area. Additionally, perlecan/Hspg2-deficient mice showed decreased canalicular density and a reduced number of transverse tethering elements per canaliculus. These data indicated that perlecan/Hspg2 contributed to the integrity of the osteocyte lacunocanalicular system by maintaining the size of the pericellular space, an essential task to promote uninhibited interstitial fluid movement in this mechanosensitive environment. This work thus identified a new barrier function for perlecan/Hspg2 in murine cortical bone. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Calpain-6, a target molecule of glucocorticoids, regulates osteoclastic bone resorption via cytoskeletal organization and microtubule acetylation
Authors: Hong Jung Min , Teitelbaum Steven L , Kim Tae-Ho , Ross F Patrick , Kim Shin-Yoon , Kim Hyun-Ju
Published: September 2010

Glucocorticoids (GCs) inhibit the resorptive capacity of the osteoclast by disrupting its cytoskeleton. We find that calpain-6 (Capn6), a unique, nonproteolytic member of its family, is suppressed 12-fold by dexamethasone (DEX) in the bone-degrading cell. While Capn6 abundance parallels commitment of naive bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) to the osteoclast phenotype, its excess or deletion does not affect the cell's differentiation. On the other hand, Capn6 localizes to the sealing zone, and its overexpression promotes osteoclast spreading and large actin ring formation, eventuating in stimulated bone degradation. Conversely, Capn6 knockdown impairs cytoskeletal organization and the cell's resorptive capacity. Capn6 complexes with tubulin, and its absence inhibits microtubule acetylation and stability in the osteoclast. Knockdown of Capn6 also reduces β3-integrin subunit protein, another essential regulator of osteoclast cytoskeletal function. Reflecting Capn6 as a target molecule of GCs, microtubule stability and acetylation, as well as the expression of β3-integrin protein, are similarly suppressed in DEX-treated osteoclasts. Moreover, overexpression of Capn6 rescues GC-mediated disruption of osteoclast cytoskeleton. Thus Capn6 promotes cytoskeletal organization and microtubule stability in osteoclasts, and its inhibition may mediate the resorption-arresting properties of GCs. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Biogas potential and microbial population distributions in flushed dairy manure and implications on anaerobic digestion technology
Authors: Frear Craig , Wang Zhi‐Wu , Li Chenlin , Chen Shulin
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND: There remain technological deficiencies in the economical anaerobic digestion of the entire flow of flushed dairy manure on farms within cold climates. In order to develop an anaerobic digester tailored for this purpose, this study investigated the distributions of biomass and biogas generated in three particle‐size‐characterized zones of flushed dairy manure.

RESULTS: Results demonstrate that comparable biogas generations are equally distributed between the solids and liquid phases of flushed dairy manure, implying that at least 50% of methane generation might be lost when utilizing existing processes that only selectively handle the liquid or solids phases. Microscopic and kinetic studies show that the majority of microorganisms in the manure are attached to the surface of undigested dairy manure fibrous solids. In particular, greater than 70% of acetate‐utilizing methanogens were found closely associated with the indigestible solids. This high microbial affinity to the dairy manure solids phase can be traced back to the selection pressure driven bacterial immobilization mechanism in cattle rumen.

CONCLUSION: This study shows that dairy manure fibrous solids have the potential to act as effective natural biomass carriers for high rate and simultaneous methanation of both solids and liquid phases of flushed dairy manure in one digester. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Modeling anhydrobiosis: activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase ERK by dehydration in both human cells and nematodes
Authors: Huang Zebo , Banton Matthew C. , Tunnacliffe Alan
Published: September 2010

Anhydrobiosis (“life without water”) is the state of suspended animation that certain organisms, including some nematodes, tardigrades, and bdelloid rotifers, enter during desiccation. Extreme water loss imposes considerable stress on biomolecules, cells, and tissues, and must require specific sensing and response mechanisms for survival. However, these mechanisms are poorly understood, in part owing to the lack of amenable model systems. We have, therefore, begun to develop mammalian cell lines as tools for investigating the eukaryotic response to desiccation, and have an additional long‐term goal of generating a desiccation‐tolerant mammalian cell. Here, we investigate the role of the mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in controlling gene expression in response to evaporative water loss. We report that the ERK MAPK pathway inhibitor U0126 can almost completely block induction of desiccation early response genes in a human cell line, suggesting a role for the ERK signal transduction pathway in the stress response. Accordingly, ERK is activated by phosphorylation during desiccation of human cells. Importantly, nematodes also activate ERK on drying, showing that the mammalian cell model behaves similarly to invertebrates experiencing similar stress conditions. We further reveal that, in response to desiccation, human cells can rapidly initiate complex stress signaling networks involving all three MAPK pathways, with transient activation of ERK and sustained activation of JNK and p38. These results are consistent with a role for MAPK pathways in anhydrobiotic adaptation and suggest that non‐anhydrobiotes are able to sense and, at least to some extent, respond appropriately to evaporative water loss. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:660–670, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of 1‐[(1R)‐1‐(6‐fluoro‐1,3‐benzothiazol‐2‐yl)ethyl]‐3‐substituted phenyl ureas and their inhibition activity to acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase
Authors: Pejchal Vladimír , Štěpánková Šárka , Drabina Pavel
Published: September 2010

A series of novel 1‐[(1R)‐1‐(6‐fluoro‐1,3‐benzothiazol‐2‐yl)ethyl]‐3‐substituted phenyl ureas were synthesized by the condensation of (1R)‐1‐(6‐fluoro‐1,3‐benzothiazol‐2‐yl)ethanamine with substituted phenyl isocyanates under mild conditions. Their structures were confirmed 1H, 13C, and 19F NMR spectra, and elemental analyses. The optical activities were confirmed by optical rotation measurements. The inhibition activity of 1‐[(1R)‐1‐(6‐fluoro‐1,3‐benzothiazol‐2‐yl)ethyl]‐3‐substituted phenyl ureas to acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE) was also tested. Preliminary bioassay indicated that the target ureas displayed excellent acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition activity. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2011.
New synthesis and reactivity of 3‐bromoacetyl‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one with binucleophilic amines
Authors: Hikem‐Oukacha Djamila , Hamdi Maamar , Silva Artur M. S. , Yahia Rachedi
Published: September 2010

3‐(Bromoacetyl)‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one was synthesized by the reaction of dehydroacetic acid (DHAA) with bromine in glacial acetic acid. Novel heterocyclic products were synthesized from the reaction of bromo‐DHAA with alkanediamines, phenylhydrazines, ortho‐phenylenediamines, and ortho‐aminobenzenethiol. The obtained new products 3‐(2‐N‐substituted‐acetyl)‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐ones, 4‐hydroxy‐3‐[1‐hydroxy‐2‐(2‐phenylhydrazinyl)vinyl]‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one, 1‐(2,4‐dinitrophenyl)‐7‐methyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrano[4,3‐c]pyridazine‐4,5‐dione, 3‐(3,4‐dihydroquinoxalin‐2‐yl)‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one/3‐(3,4‐dihydroquinoxalin‐2‐yl)‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2,4(3H)‐dione, 6‐methyl‐3‐(3,4‐dihydroquinoxalin‐2‐yl)‐2H‐pyran‐2,4(3H)‐dione, and (E)‐3‐(2H‐benzo[b][1,4]thiazin‐3(4H)‐ylidene)‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2,4(3H)‐dione were fully characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and mass spectra. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2011.
Synthesis of 12‐aryl‐12H‐benzo[i][1,3]‐dioxolo[4,5‐b]xanthene‐6,11‐diones using silica sulfuric acid as an efficient and versatile catalyst under solvent‐free conditions
Authors: Wu Liqiang , Chao Shujun , Yan Fulin
Published: September 2010

Some novel 12‐aryl‐12H‐benzo[i][1,3]‐dioxolo[4,5‐b]xanthene‐6,11‐diones can be rapidly and efficiently synthesized in excellent yields by condensing a variety of aldehydes with 3,4‐methylenedioxyphenol and 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone in the presence of a catalytic amount of silica sulfuric acid under solvent‐free conditions. The simple experimental procedure, solvent‐free reaction conditions, utilization of an inexpensive and readily available catalyst, short period of conversion, and excellent yields are the advantages of the present method. Furthermore, the catalyst can be recycled and reused three times without significant loss of activity. The structures of the novel compounds are confirmed by IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2011.
The synthesis, X‐ray structure analysis, and photophysical characterization of 4‐[(E)‐2‐(4‐cyanophenyl)diazenyl]‐morpholine
Authors: Chin Taylor , Phipps Ashley , Fronczek Frank R. , Isovitsch Ralph
Published: September 2010

A novel triazene, 4‐[(E)‐2‐(4‐cyanophenyl)diazenyl]‐morpholine (1) was prepared via a diazonium ion coupling reaction between 4‐aminobenzonitrile and morpholine. The x‐ray structure of 1 was determined and evidenced π delocalization in the triazene subunit. The room temperature absorption spectrum of 1 in acetonitrile was dominated by an intense triazene‐centered π→π* transition at 325 nm. Compound 1 was observed to be luminescent, with an emission maximum at 434 nm in room temperature acetonitrile solution. The emission spectrum of 1 in propionitrile glass at 77K exhibited a narrowed emission band with a maximum at 449 nm. Broad emission from 400–700 nm with poorly resolved vibrational structure was observed from solid 1 at room temperature. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2011.
Correlation of product ion profiles with molecular structures of androgenic and anabolic steroids in ESI MS/MS
Authors: Guan Fuyu , Uboh Cornelius E. , Soma Lawrence R. , You Youwen , Liu Ying , Li Xiaoqing
Published: September 2010

Androgenic and anabolic steroids (AASs) are a class of chemical substances closely related to testosterone in molecular structure. They can be abused to enhance performances in human and equine athletes, and are banned by the sports authorities. To assist with method development for doping analyses of AASs, investigations were conducted to correlate their product ion profiles with the molecular structures. Although very similar in chemical structure, AASs generated noticeably different product ion profiles from collision‐induced dissociation (CID). On the basis of both outlines of the product ion profiles and molecular structures, AASs studied were classified into six subclasses. In each subclass, the product ion profiles were identical or similar. However, the product ion profiles in one subclass were remarkably different from those in another. The classification reveals that the position and number of double bond(s) in conjugation with the 3‐carbonyl group in the molecular structure of an AAS have significant effects on product ion profile. The presence or absence of the 19‐methyl group in an AAS also has a remarkable influence on its product ion profile. A substitution in the A‐, B‐ or D‐ring of an AAS may cause a shift in mass value of the product ions. The correlation of product ion profiles with molecular structures of AASs has the implication that each AAS can be characterized by a combination of its [M + H]+ ion and product ion profile and as a result be identified with specificity. The classified product ion pattern may be useful in the identification of unknown AASs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Competitive mass spectrometry binding assay for characterization of three binding sites of tubulin
Authors: Li Chien‐Ming , Lu Yan , Ahn Sunjoo , Narayanan Ramesh , Miller Duane D. , Dalton James T.
Published: September 2010

Tubulin is an attractive and established target for anticancer therapy. To date, the only method to determine the binding of inhibitor to tubulin has been competitive radioligand binding assays. We developed a non‐radioactive mass spectrometry (MS) binding assay to study the tubulin binding of colchicine, vinblastine and paclitaxel and to identify which of these three binding sites that a novel inhibitor binds. The method involves a very simple step of separating the unbound ligand from macromolecules using ultrafiltration. The unbound ligand in the filtrate can be accurately determined using highly sensitive and specific liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The assay was validated using podophyllotoxin, vincristine and docetaxel, drugs that compete to the colchicine‐, vinblastine‐ and paclitaxel‐binding sites in tubulin, respectively. This competitive binding assay allowed the reliable detection of interactions of these drugs with three binding sites on tubulin. This method was subsequently applied to determine the tubulin‐binding site of 4‐substituted methoxylbenzoyl‐aryl‐thiazoles (SMART‐H), a potent antitubulin agent developed in our laboratory. The results indicated that SMART‐H specifically and reversibly bound only to the colchicine‐binding site, but not to vinblastine‐ or paclitaxel sites. This new non‐radioligand binding method to determine the binding site on tubulin will function as a useful tool to study the binding sites of tubulin inhibitors. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a fast LC–MS/MS method for quantification of rilmenidine in human serum: elucidation of fragmentation pathways by HRMS
Authors: Chytil Lukáš , Cvačka Josef , Marešová Věra , Štrauch Branislav , Widimský Jiří , Štícha Martin , Slanař Ondřej
Published: September 2010

Rilmenidine is an alpha 2 adrenoreceptor agonist used in the treatment of mild and moderate hypertension. In this study, a fast and accurate liquid chromatographic method with tandem mass spectrometric detection has been validated in order to assure quantification of rilmenidine in human serum. The fragmentation pathway of protonated rilmenidine was studied using high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). This study compared selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, extraction efficiency, matrix effect and sensitivity using common liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and solid‐phase extraction (SPE) procedures. The limit of quantitation for both extraction techniques was 0.1 ng/ml. Several differences between the LLE and SPE have been observed in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision and matrix effect. Additionally, the advantages of SPE included less manual work load and increased recovery of rilmenidine in human serum to approximately 80% (LLE, 57%). The developed method involving SPE was found to be accurate (relative error (RE) < 5%), reproducible (relative standard deviation, RSD < 7%), robust and suitable for quantitative analysis of rilmenidine in serum samples obtained from patients under antihypertensive treatment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of caffeic acid on haemoglobin‐mediated lipid and protein oxidation in washed cod mince during ice and frozen storage
Authors: Larsson Karin J , Undeland Ingrid K
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the relation between haemoglobin (Hb)‐mediated lipid and protein oxidation in muscle foods and how these two reactions can be inhibited by naturally occurring antioxidants. This study was aimed at evaluating (1) lipid oxidation and protein oxidation induced by 20 µmol L−1 Hb during chilled and frozen storage of washed cod mince and (2) the efficiency of 10–1000 ppm (0.063–6.3 mmol L−1) caffeic acid in preventing these reactions.

RESULTS: Addition of 20 µmol L−1 Hb increased peroxide value (PV), rancid odour, protein carbonylation, protein insolubilisation, redness loss and α‐tocopherol loss in ice‐stored washed cod mince. Since both lipid and protein oxidation developed at the same time, it was not possible to conclude which reaction initiated the other. All studied reactions were efficiently inhibited by ≥ 50 ppm caffeic acid, which could be a result of α‐tocopherol regeneration, general radical scavenging, reduced formation of oxidised Hb forms and/or conformational changes in Hb structure. During frozen storage the only clear effect of Hb was increased PV, and here caffeic acid was less efficient as an antioxidant.

CONCLUSION: Hb‐induced lipid and protein oxidation occurred quickly in ice‐stored washed cod mince, and the two reactions could not be separated in time. During frozen storage, Hb caused only limited lipid oxidation. Caffeic acid (≥50 ppm) was an efficient antioxidant during ice storage. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
A systematic review of diagnostic procedures to detect midgut neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Scarpa Marco , Prando Daniela , Pozza Anna , Esposti Elisa Degli , Castoro Carlo , Angriman Imerio
Published: September 2010

The aim of this work was to assess the diagnostic yield of some clinical diagnostic procedures utilized to establish a diagnosis of midgut neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Medical databases published between 1982 and 2007 were analyzed. Seventeen observational studies, including 629 patients, met the inclusion criteria. Urinary 5‐HIAA is the first test to prescribe in patients with flushing or persistent, unexplained diarrhea. Abdominal CT scan and OctreoScan should be prescribed whenever NET is suspected. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:877–888. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An anisotropic Zienkiewicz–Zhu‐type error estimator for 3D applications
Authors: Farrell P. E. , Micheletti S. , Perotto S.
Published: September 2010

We extend the anisotropic Zienkiewicz–Zhu a posteriori error estimator of (Proceedings of the ENUMATH‐2009, Uppsala, Sweden, 29 June–3 July 2009) to three dimensions. Like the standard Zienkiewicz–Zhu estimator, the proposed estimator is designed to be independent of the problem at hand, is cheap to compute and easy to implement. In contrast to the standard Zienkiewicz–Zhu estimator, the elementwise counterpart of the proposed estimator explicitly takes into account the geometrical properties of the actual tetrahedron. Thus, in a wide variety of applications, the estimator is able to detect the anisotropic features exhibited by the solution of the governing equations. A metric‐based optimization procedure, rigorously addressed, drives the adaptation of the mesh. It is shown numerically to yield quasi‐optimal triangulations, dictating the accuracy‐vs‐number of elements behaviour. Despite being heuristic to some extent, in practice the overall anisotropic adaptation procedure turns out to be effective. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3D boundary recovery by constrained Delaunay tetrahedralization
Authors: Si H. , Gärtner K.
Published: September 2010

Three‐dimensional boundary recovery is a fundamental problem in mesh generation. In this paper, we propose a practical algorithm for solving this problem. Our algorithm is based on the construction of a constrained Delaunay tetrahedralization (CDT) for a set of constraints (segments and facets). The algorithm adds additional points (so‐called Steiner points) on segments only. The Steiner points are chosen in such a way that the resulting subsegments are Delaunay and their lengths are not unnecessarily short. It is theoretically guaranteed that the facets can be recovered without using Steiner points. The complexity of this algorithm is analyzed. The proposed algorithm has been implemented. Its performance is reported through various application examples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.