bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Silicon Bough
Authors: Haecker Ryan
Published: March 2024

Like magic wands, words can be spoken through computers to cause effects at a distance. Magic has been suppressed by the rational progress of science to explain the world. Yet in calling upon spiritual intelligences, and in commanding effects to be caused from a distance, computers calculate the programme of mechanical operations that can be relayed at light-speed across the globe. Beyond the ‘digital’ and the ‘postdigital’, the way of writing that has been named the ‘hyperdigital’ is a hyperbolic cybernetic grammar, which, in the sense of a ‘hyperbole’ (ὑπερβολή) or excess of signification, exceeds so as more radically to enter and accelerate through the free use of digital computation and communication. Hyperdigital magic is the art of calling upon the divine and heavenly powers that animate the higher or hyperbolic cybernetic grammar of computers to calculate in writing to cause effects at a distance through no known medium of cumulative action. This chapter will, in Section Two, critique James George Frazer’s narrative supersession of magic into science that has previously withheld magic from computers; in Section Three, recall the computational imaginary of Raymond Llull to recommend a post-Leibnizian Trinitarian Ontology of computers; in Section Four, assimilate the Principle of Sufficient Reason to the higher ground of divine and spiritual freedom; and, in Section Five, present a report on the condition of hyperdigital magic, in which the use of computers appears indistinguishable from magic.
The Women of Trachis Jealousy, Hatred and Revenge in Sophocles' Tragedy Intrafamilial Marriage and the Husbands' Widow's Wills the Famous Oracle
Authors: Tiedemann Rolf
Published: March 2024

In this tragedy by Sophocles, the real theme is the treatment of "prey women" and their influence on the psychological family situation and society in classical Athens. "The Women of Trachis" as well as "Oedipus Rex" and "Oedipus on Colonus" show what an enormously perceptive, in today's terms, psychologist and sociologist Sophocles was. In the fifth century BC, many wars were waged in Greece and prisoners were turned into slaves. Classical Greece thrived on slavery, which also included so-called prey woman. In The Women of Trachis Sophocles describes the jealousy of a wife, with the resulting actions, when the marriage is overstretched and the jealousy is increased through corresponding insults (over the decades). How hatred and revenge then gain the upper hand, ultimately leading to death. The intra-family marriage policy in Athens, which often leads to emotional and social unhappiness, is also a clear theme in the "Women of Trachis", long before Sophocles' two Oedipus tragedies. In his tragedies, Sophocles dealt with sociological themes and human suffering. The poets changed the mythology according to the requirements of their desired intention of the tragedy. The transformation of the myth consists in its integration into the polis and its new reference systems. The fact that the tragic poet sets the problems of his time in a past contributes to the possibility of the tragedy's reception. In the tragedies Oedipus Rex and Oedipus at Colonus, for example, a reference to the social reality in Athens at the time is assumed. The tragedies that were performed at the Dionysia (festival) are characterized by an interpenetration of present and past. Tragedies were organized as competitions, so that the poets had to take the audience's sensitivities into account. Classical philologists are often prevented from producing realistic text analyses and interpretations by idealizing and glorifying Greek tragedies and thus not taking into account the social customs and laws of the time. If we think, that the Greeks had no interest in such a psychological process as how a decision comes about, we are seriously mistaken and we do not do justice to the great, psychologically astute tragedians. Without a sociological, psychological and medical approach, applied to the tragedies that contain such themes in Sophocles and also Euripides in excellent execution, we will not do justice to these brilliant poets. We are left with interpretations without a sociological and psychological understanding of Greek classicism.
Adaptive Beamforming Based on Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Amellal Rajaa
Published: March 2024

Adaptive beamforming is technique of signal processing play important role to increasing capacity of the wireless communication and radar systems by configured the steerable of radiation pattern and maximize gain and directivity in a direction of arrival (DoA) of desired users in order to minimizing side lobe and reducing signal to interference. We review recently the classic technique of adaptive algorithms; we specified tow method for this preprocessing beam former LMS and RLS. The least Mean Square (LMS) operate the weight vectors of antenna array elements for beamforming by iterative process as well need to be continuously adapted to the ever-changing environment. Moreover recursive least square (RLS) give advantage for fast convergence beamforming. In this paper we proved the performance of this algorithms by updating the weights in addition process based on estimated vectors using neural network, The first phase for smart beam former are used by direction of arrival (DoA) estimated using radial basis neural network (RBFNN). In next step the targets is generated from the optimum weight calculated using Minimum Variance Distortion less method (MVDLM). Finally, the simulation result for the new process is synthetized and shows using Matlab application.
The Vague Future of AI: The Theory of AI Perfection
Authors: Sheikhzadeh Morteza , Amirmohammad-Bakhtiari Morteza , Nourmandipour Parham
Published: March 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly accessible to the general public. There is an ongoing debate regarding the implications of widespread AI adoption. Some argue that placing advanced AI systems in the hands of the general public could have dangerous consequences if misused either intentionally or unintentionally. Others counter that AI can be safe and beneficial if developed and deployed responsibly. This paper explores both sides of this complex issue. On the one hand, broad AI availability could boost productivity, efficiency, and innovation across industries and domains. Individuals may benefit from AI assistants that help with tasks like scheduling, research, content creation, recommendations, and more personalized services. However, without proper safeguards and oversight, AI could also be misused to spread misinformation, manipulate people, or perpetrate cybercrime. And if AI systems become extremely advanced, there are risks related to the alignment of AI goal systems with human values. On the other hand, with thoughtful coordination between policymakers, researchers, companies, and civil society groups, AI can be developed safely and for the benefit of humanity. Ongoing research into AI safety and ethics is crucial, as are governance frameworks regarding areas like data privacy, algorithmic transparency, and accountability. As AI becomes more deeply integrated into products and platforms, best practices should be established regarding appropriate use cases, human oversight, and user empowerment. With conscientious, ethical implementation, AI can empower individuals and enhance society. But key issues around alignment, security, and governance must be proactively addressed to minimize risks as advanced AI proliferates. This will likely require evolving perspectives, policies, and scientific breakthroughs that promote innovation while putting human interests first.
Current Methods and Challenges of Managing Clinical Solid Waste at Juba Teaching Hospital, South Sudan
Authors: Woni Moses Osman Mathew , Giet William Bol Yaak , Morris David Nasir , Manya Charles Mahmoud Sebit , Jubek Paul Lado Demetry
Published: March 2024

The amount of clinical solid waste generated at Juba Teaching Hospital has been increasing as a result of the increasing population of Juba city. Despite the increase in the amounts of clinical solid waste, few scientific studies were conducted and the studies focused only on municipal solid waste management and have not explored clinical solid waste management in Juba City. A survey study aimed to explore the current methods and challenges of clinical solid waste management (CSWM) at Juba Teaching Hospital was conducted. The data was obtained through questionnaires, observation and oral interview. Word-excel-2013 and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) IBM – 2021 version were used to process the data. The results revealed inappropriate methods of clinical solid waste management practices such as irregular collection, mixing different types of solid wastes together, use of water bottles instead of safety boxes for segregation of sharps, manual transportation of solid wastes, unprotected storage site, irregular incineration, open burning and random dumping. Reasons such as insufficient equipment, negligence of hospital administrators and few numbers of waste collectors was attributed to the inappropriate management of clinical solid waste in the hospital. The study recommended adoption of recycling strategies, employment of more waste handlers, commensurate remuneration and motivation, provision of enough equipment, creation of staff awareness and capacity development on health implications of poor clinical solid waste management.
Assessment for Replacing Coal and Petroleum Product with Green Hydrogen for Steel and Iron Production
Authors: Bhandari Sangam , Shakya Nashla , Bhattarai Sabin , Thapa Biraj Singh
Published: March 2024

Among the leading global contributors to anthropogenic CO2 emissions, the iron and steel industries are energy-intensive sectors. This is due to the fact that fuel and iron ore are reduced using non-renewable energy sources like coal and charcoal. A tonne of iron is produced, and that produces roughly 1.9 tonnes of CO2 gas. It is necessary to switch to clean energy sources from conventional carbon-emitting sources in order to lower emissions from the iron and steel industry. Hydrogen is a substitute fuel that has the potential to replace carbon-emitting fuel in the iron and steel sectors, according to the present trend in clean energy development. Hydrogen can be employed as a reducing agent in blast furnaces as an auxiliary or as the only reducing agent in the direct reduction process, which is how iron and steel are produced. Water is the only byproduct of the electrolysis process, which creates green hydrogen using renewable energy sources. In the iron industry, using green hydrogen can lower intensive carbon emissions. Green steel or iron production costs can be competitive and less carbon intensive if the cost of producing green hydrogen is low. In this paper, the steel and iron production from green hydrogen is studied to contribute to developing the conceptual design along with challenges for handling the hydrogen in these industries and compared with the conventional carbon-based process. In addition, the economic assessment for the production of steel from a green hydrogen-based process.
Risk Analysis of Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Disorders in Industrial Skin Measurement Workers Using the Assessment of Repetitive Task Method
Authors: Budiyanto Tri , Feriyansa Sef , Yusuf M.
Published: March 2024

In the leather industry production process in the Piyungan area of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, the operators do a lot of repetitive activities with intensity and frequency of movement for a long time, for 8 hours in a sitting position. Operators measure on average 4700 pieces of leather per day. This leads to fatigue and complaints of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). For this reason, research was conducted to measure the level of risk of MSDs and improve them to reduce muscle complaints. This research was conducted experimentally on all skin-cutting operators at companies in the Piyungan area of Yogyakarta. Measurement of the risk level of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders using the Assessment of Repetitive Tasks (ART) method. The data was analyzed based on ART scores obtained, ranging from low, medium, and high risk level scores. The conclusion of the results showed that the risk level of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders in this skin measurement operator included medium and high risk levels on the left and right upper limb operators. Improvements that can be made to reduce the level of risk are improvements to work facilities in the form of chairs, additional short rest periods, and stretching muscles before and after doing work on all skin measurement production operators.
Treatment of Mixed Chimerism After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Thalassemia Major
Authors: Liao Jianyun , Liang Shimin , Chen Jingtao , Liu Xiaoting , Xia Yuqian , He Jujian , Zhang Weiwei , Pu Chaoke , He Lan , He Yuelin , Feng Xiaoqin , Wu Xuedong , Li Chunfu
Published: March 2024

Background: Incomplete donor cell chimerism often occurs in thalassemia transplant due to host cells remain or reappear overtime, which is termed as mixed chimerism (MC). Objective: To compare the immunosuppression withdrawal (ISW) and donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) in the correction of mixed chimerism (MC) after thalassemia transplantation. Methods: Eighty-seven patients with post-transplant MC admitted in our center from January 2010 to December 2019 were analyzed. Among them donor cells of 90%-95% and 75%-89% were classified as MC1 and MC2 respectively. MC3 donor cells <75%. The incidence and correction rate of MC, the occurrence rate of graft versus host disease (GVHD), timing of DLI were studied. Results: DLI was associated with higher correction rates and higher GVHD than ISW. In MC1 group, higher GVHD occurred in early and intermediate stage (P = 0.024/0.023) than ISW. In MC2 group, DLI in late stages had higher correction rates than ISW (P = 0.001). Conclusion: ISW was the primary strategy for MC1 patients. DLI should be given to the late-stage MC2 patients quickly. The earlier the treatment is provided, regardless of ISW or DLI, the more likely that patients develop GVHD.
Evaluation of Weed Management Practices in Maize (Zea mays) at Metu, Ethiopia
Authors: Bidira Tigist , Dechassa Nagassa
Published: March 2024

A field experiment was conducted at Metu Agricultural sub – centre on station in 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons to evaluate the effectiveness and economic feasibility of weed management methods on maize grain yield at Metu area. BH 661 at 25 kg/ha used as seed source. The experiment comprised of nine treatments laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The result revealed that the highest average grain yield 62.8 q/ha was obtained from Integrity EC 668g/l 1.0 liter with two supplementary hand weeding followed by 61.6 q/ha from Integrity EC 668g/l 1 liter with one hand weeding. Similarly, the minimum above ground wee dry biomass mean 0.07q/ha, 1.5 q/ha obtained from three hand weeding at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting and Integrity EC 668g/l 1.0 liter with two supplementary hand weeding respectively. Consequently highest weed control efficiency 99.93% and 98.5%obtained from the same treatment. In economic feasibility aspect the highest net benefit Accordingly the highest net benefit 61296.4 ETB ha-1 was obtained from Integrity EC 668g/l at 1.0 L/ha + two time supplementary hand weeding with 3042.86 MRR% followed by 60146.2 ETB ha-1 net benefit with 5661.90% MRR obtained from Integrity EC 668g/l at 1 l/ha + one times supplementary hand weeding whereas the minimum net benefit 50551.2 ETB ha-1 and 53224.2 ETB ha-1 obtained from one hand weeding at 30 & 454 days after planting respectively. Therefore, Integrity EC 668g/l at 1 l/ha + two times supplementary hand weeding and Integrity EC 668g/l at 1 l/ha + one time supplementary hand weeding treatment consecutively more profitable weed management practices to control weeds in maize and there by improve crop production up to 56.94% than other treatments and can be recommended for maize production at Metu area.
Tuberculous Meningitis Complicated Without Deep Sylvian Cerebral Infarction: About an Immunocompetent Patient with HIV-AIDS
Authors: Tanoh Muriel Amon , Aka Arlette , Yapo-Ehounoud Constance , Tanoh Christian Abel , Kadjo Cédric , Agbo Cédric , Offoumou Delors , Diarra Evelyne Aka-Anghui , Assi Berthe
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Neuromeningeal tuberculosis is the most common form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in developing countries. It is the most serious form of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Vascular complications of tuberculous meningitis involve functional prognosis of patients. Observation: In our daily practice, we frequently encounter cases of cerebral infarction associated with neuromeningeal tuberculosis in the infectious etiological balance. We report the case of an HIV immunocompetent patient hospitalized for neuromeningeal tuberculosis complicated with ischemic stroke. It was a 39-year-old patient, right-handed, admitted to the Neurology department of University Hospital of Cocody in whom the diagnosis of neuromeningeal tuberculosis was retained. She received treatment for tuberculosis in emergency. On the seventh day of hospitalization, she suddenly presented with a massive motor deficit of the left hemibody. The MRI performed was compatible with meningoencephalitis associated with recent deep right Sylvan ischemia foci. The evolution was marked by partial recovery of the left hemiplegia, right retro-bulbar neuritis, and iatrogenic hepatic cytolysis. Comments: Tuberculous meningitis remains today one of the most serious neurological conditions involving the vital and functional prognosis of patients. Association of cerebral infarction and tuberculous meningitis is of variable occurrence. There are reported cases in which cerebral infarction is a complication of tuberculous meningitis. On the other hand, the discovery of tuberculous meningitis can be observed in the assessment of a cerebral infarction in young subjects. Tuberculous meningovascularitis remains a rare condition in immunocompetent patients for HIVAIDS. It results from arterial occlusion by thrombosing and obliterating endarteritis. It represents a medical emergency requiring starting anti-tuberculosis treatment. The evolution depends on the precocity of the diagnosis and the speed of treatment. Conclusion: The sudden appearance of a neurological deficit in à patient with tuberculous meningitis even under specific treatment should suggest an ischemic stroke, especially if the symptomatology respects an anatomo-functional vascular systematization.
Establishment of a Microfluidic Chip Based Rapid Detection Method for Wasmannia auropunctata
Authors: Jiaying Wang , Li Liu , Yuanjing Wang , Junxia Cui
Published: March 2024

Invasive alien ants are one of the most aggressive, competitive, and widespread invasive alien species around the world. Wasmannia auropunctata, native to the neotropical zoogeographic area, has been inadvertently introduced all over the world. The first disclosed record of field establishment of W. auropunctata in Chinese mainland was reported in 2022. In this paper, we aim to establish a rapid detection method targeting the W. auropunctata polymorphic microsatellite locus Waur-275, based on the microfluidic chip technology, to contribute to an active response to the crisis caused by this invasive pest. Eight primer sets were generated using the PrimerExplorer v5 online service, and the fifth primer set selected had the lowest Ct in the volume ratio of 8 (FIP/BIP:F3/B3). Method validity with six W. auropunctata samples confirmed the efficiency of this assay. High specificity was demonstrated by the positive result for W. auropunctata out of 6 related insect samples tested. Sensitivity analysis showed that this microfluidic chip method could achieve the detection limit of 1.00×101 copies/μL. A rapid screening method is essential for the whole process of interception and control of W. auropunctata in China. It can also help determine the origin of invasion, clarify the path of introduction to ensure biosecurity, and also uncover other possible undetected establishments in the wild.
Assessment of Health Seeking Behaviour of the Elderly in a Rural Community of Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: Oche Oche Mansur , Ezenwoko Ahunna Zainab , Danmadami Abdulaziz Mohammad , Ahmadu Nafisa Shuaibu , Salihu Abdulwahab , Muhammad Usman
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The ageing populations of Nigeria has increased from 4.61% in 2020 to 4.78 % in 2022 and are vulnerable to long term diseases of insidious onset such as cardiovascular illness, Cerebrovascular accident (CVA), cancers, diabetes, and musculoskeletal disease. This study was carried out to assess the health problems of the elderly ad their health seeking behaviours. Materials and methods: This was cross-sectional descriptive study carried out amongst elderly persons aged 60 years and above in Wamakko Local Government Area of Sokoto state. Using a combination of multistage and systematic sampling methods, a total of 347 respondents were recruited into the study. A set of pretested questionnaire was used for data collection after obtaining ethical approval and informed consent from study subjects. Results: Less than half of the respondents (47.8%) had appropriate health seeking practices by visiting health facilities during spells of illness. The commonest illness experienced by the elderly in this community was musculoskeletal diseases followed by hypertension and visual problems. A total of 95.7% of the respondents were not covered with any form of health insurance scheme. Predictors of health seeking behavior included duration of illness more than ten years and belonging to upper socio-economic class. Conclusion: Very few of the elderly in this community had appropriate health seeking behavior with most of them not covered by any health insurance. There is the need to establish the community based health insurance scheme and bring on board all elderly persons so as to minimize out of pocket expenses by the aged.
Categorization Patterns of Career Plan Choice Based on Demographic Characteristics of Teacher Education Students
Authors: Dahlan Syarifuddin
Published: March 2024

This study aims to describe the pattern of categorization of the certainty of career plan choices for educational program students and its relationship with their demographic characteristics. Respondents totaled 377 people (male = 176 and famale = 201) who were drawn randomly from a number of education program students at the University of Lampung. Data on the certainty of students' career plan choices is collected through the CCCS (Career Choice Certainty Scale). The research found that in general the categorization of the certainty of education students' career plan choices is patterned Quite Certain, Not Certain, Certain, Very Certain, Uncertain, and Very Uncertain. In detail, the pattern of categorization of the certainty of students' career plan choices varies according to the grouping of their demographic characteristics (gender: male and female, place of residence: urban and suburban, study program: scientific and social, and family socio-economic status: high, medium, low). The results of examining the relationship between the categorization of the certainty of career plans and students' demographic characteristics, it turns out that where they live, the chosen study program, and the socio-economic status of students' families are significantly related to the certainty of their career choice plans, although the strength of the relationship between these variables is categorized as weak. Meanwhile, the student gender variable was not significantly related to the certainty of their career choice plans.
An MR Imaging Study of Communicating Hydrocephalus After Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Melese Endalkachew Belayneh , Alhussain Haitham , Ayalew Fekadu Belay , Woldehana Nathnael Abera , Ayana Motuma Gonfa , Geleta Simon Tsegaye , Abebe Ruth Betremariam , Azale Abrham Workineh , Tilahun Wondimagegn Tibebu
Published: March 2024

Patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS) face a 3.7-23.7% risk developing hydrocephalus. Small-sized VS are associated with communicating or non-communicating hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus in VS patients can persist or worsen post-tumor removal. Gamma knife radiosurgery is effective, especially in younger patients with functional hearing. Although the causal relationship between gamma knife radiosurgery and hydrocephalus isn't firmly established, this case reports a possible association between developing hydrocephalus and Vestibular schwannoma. Elevated CSF protein suggests communicating hydrocephalus due to tumor necrosis. The rarity of hydrocephalus post-gamma knife surgery likely relates to tumor variations rather than procedural nuances. Gamma Knife radiosurgery for vestibular schwannomas can lead to communicative hydrocephalus. MR imaging, including pre- and post-treatment scans, along with MR CSF cine-flow studies, highlights the link between gamma knife involvement and hydrocephalus development. Despite the rarity, this negative outcome underscores the need for careful consideration and investigation of risk factors associated with hydrocephalus post-radiosurgery. A middle aged man with vestibular schwannoma was investigated in this case. Patient was procedure through gamma knife radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma. Patient was passed through MR scans before the radio surgical procedure and 9 months past surgical procedure. Nine months later, severe ventriculomegaly was observed, revealing central necrosis in the tumor. Lumbar puncture indicated abnormal CSF characteristics without evidence of infection. Despite a failed endoscopic third ventriculostomy, MR imaging cine-flow studies confirmed free CSF flow, emphasizing the complexity of managing hydrocephalus post-gamma knife radiosurgery for vestibular schwannomas. VS typically occurs in older individuals, this case's younger age and optimal tumor size for gamma knife treatment add complexity. Faster-growing and larger tumors are more prone to post-treatment necrosis and hydrocephalus, necessitating careful management. MR cine-flow aids in hydrocephalus differentiation.
Factors Associated with Knowledge of Hypertension in Rural Guinea, 2023: Case of the Rural Commune of Maferinyah
Authors: Camara Alseny Yarie , Touré Almamy Amara , Bangoura Salifou Talassone , Grovogui Fassou Mathias , Camara Saidouba Cherif , Sidibé Sidikiba , Diakite Djiba , Diouf Waly , Baldé Habibata , Barry Ibrahima , Cisse Diao , Sylla Sekou Sidate , Touré Abdoulaye , Delamou Alexandre , Beavogui Abdoul Habib
Published: March 2024

Introduction: While numerous studies have explored hypertension knowledge across Africa, they have predominantly focused on urban hospital settings and diagnosed patients. This study aimed to evaluate the determinants of hypertension knowledge in rural Guinea, a less-explored demographic. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 01 to April 2023 within the Maferinyah sub-district and employed multivariate logistic regression to analyze the relationship between hypertension knowledge and various demographic characteristics. Results: The study included 701 individuals aged 16–65 years (mean age 38 years), with a predominance of women (68.3%) and those without formal education (62.8%). Key findings revealed that high economic status (aOR= 2.97; 95% CI: 1.91 - 4.64), age brackets of 41-50 years (aOR= 6.30; 95% CI: 3.51 - 11.5), 30-40 years (aOR= 4.74; 95% CI: 2.89 - 7.90), over 50 years (aOR= 4.13; 95% CI: 2.51 - 6.87), and unemployment (aOR= 2.60; 95% CI: 1.75 - 3.89) were significantly associated with higher hypertension awareness. Conclusion: Analysis of the collected data highlights a notable deficit in awareness of hypertension and its associated risk factors among the rural population of Guinea, underscoring the urgent need for targeted educational and awareness initiatives, especially among younger populations, to improve the understanding and management of Hypertension and other non-communicable diseases.
Effects of Applying Problem Based Learning (PBL) Strategy Use on Students’ Oral Vocabulary as One Aspect of Speaking Performance
Authors: Jeldu Fekadu Adam , Lucha Zeleke Teshome , Feyisa Jira Jabessa
Published: March 2024

This study’s main goal was to investigate how PBL, a learning strategy, might improve students’ oral vocabulary, which is one component of their speaking abilities in an EFL class with grade 11 students as the emphasis. The experimental (treatment) and comparative groups were the two research groups. Biftu Nekemte Secondary School was the site of the study (BNSS). The study’s population comprised all eleventh grade students enrolled in the academic year of 2014–2022. As a type of quasi-experimental research, the current study used a non-randomized pre-test, post-test comparison group design. The researcher used a multi-phase sampling strategy. 48 students from the experimental group and 49 from the comparison group took part in the study. The pre- and posttest instruments were adapted from the speaking performance rubric by Brown (2004). In fact, the researcher simply applied the rubric’s vocabulary part. The study’s quantitative portion was calculated using a number of statistical procedures. Calculations were made using descriptive statistics tools for the pretest and posttest groups to determine if the data was parametric or not. Additionally, separate t-tests were conducted. Cohen’s D (Effect Size) and Cohen’s Kappa (for inter-rater reliability) were also conducted, and they were equally significant. The usage of problem-based learning as a learning approach was found to considerably enhance EFL learners’ oral vocabulary skills, which is one facet of speaking abilities. Therefore, it is advised that various stakeholders take into account using PBL as a learning technique in EFL classes, especially for the teaching and acquisition of oral vocabulary.
A Study on the Effectiveness of the iTEST Paperless Testing System in English Listening Course
Authors: Xia Yu
Published: March 2024

In the intelligent teaching environment empowered by information technology, the methods and approaches for course examinations have become increasingly diverse, with a greater emphasis on assessing the learning process and linking it to final exams. Computer-assisted testing, as a new examination system, has gained attention and recognition from educators. It has reformed traditional teaching models to a certain extent, liberating teachers from repetitive and labor-intensive teaching activities while improving the overall teaching quality. Taking the application of the iTEST paperless testing system in English Listening course as an example, this study establishes a testing template and evaluates the role of the iTEST system in teaching. The research methods used in this study include quantitative and qualitative research methods, such as interviews and statistical analysis. By collecting feedback from students and teachers who have used the iTEST system, the study aims to understand the advantages and limitations of the iTEST system as perceived by teachers. Through statistical analysis, the study evaluates the examination results of the iTEST system and compares them with those of traditional paper-based tests. The results indicate that the iTEST paperless testing system can effectively enhance the teaching outcomes of English Listening courses, providing students and teachers with a more flexible, efficient, and accurate testing experience.
Flood Frequency Analysis Using Gumbel Distribution Method: A Case of Robigumero River, Abay Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Temtime Getnet Solomon
Published: March 2024

Hydraulic structures like weirs, dams, spillways, and bridges require precise estimation of flood peaks at the intended return period in order to be planned, built, and maintained. In this paper, the findings of a study conducted on the Robigumoro River and the flow measurements taken are presented. The flood frequency analysis of the Robigumoro River was performed using the Gumbel distribution, which is a probability distribution commonly used for modeling river flows. This analysis is crucial as it aims to safeguard the lives and properties located downstream from the catchment area. The Gumbel distribution was employed to model the highest annual river flow over a span of 20 years (1990-2009). The investigation was carried out by the Ethiopian water and energy office, Abay Basin Development Authority. The Robigumoro River's maximum annual discharge over a 20-year period (1990–2009) was modeled using Gumbel distribution technique. From the trend line equation, R2 value of 0.935 which shows that Gumbel’s distribution is suitable for predicting expected flow in the river. It can be concluded that the Gumbel distribution can accurately forecast expected river flow. The flood peak values were calculated using the same procedure for various return times. This helps with storm management in the research region. The estimated discharges obtained using the Gumbel's distribution and return periods (T) of 2 years, 10 years, 50 years, 100 years, 150 years, 200 years, 300 years and 400 years are 177.327m3/s, 320.784m3/s, 446.553m3/s, 499.722m3/s, 530.727m3/s, 552.698m3/s, 583.38m3/s, and 605.577m3/s respectively. The accuracy of flood forecasts in the basin indicates their potential use in various applications such as the design of crucial hydraulic structures, river reach planning, construction of bridges, and conservation efforts for Robigumoro watershed.
Thrombosis of Prosthetic Tricuspid Valve During Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support: A Case Report
Authors: Zhang Yunyi , Luo Shuhua
Published: March 2024

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is frequently used for severe postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock in patients with bioprosthetic valves. Acute prosthetic valve thrombosis (PVT) is a rare complication after valve replacement surgery and significantly increases morbidity and mortality. Patients who develop PVT on ECMO could significantly influence the long-term durability of the bioprosthetic valves. However, previous studies only analyzed risk factor and treatment of the mitral valve thrombosis during ECMO support. The mechanism of thrombosis on the tricuspid valve was still unknown. Here we describe the symptoms and treatment of a valve replacement patient who developed bioprosthetic tricuspid valve thrombosis during veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). Meanwhile, the patient’s mechanical prosthetic mitral valve functioned normally. An emergency re-do tricuspid prosthesis replacement was performed, and the patient finally developed the successful decannulation. At 6 months follow-up, the patient showed asymptomatic and had a reasonable quality of life. The pathophysiology of tricuspid valve thrombosis may be different from the left heart. Our case highlights that the risk of thrombosis associated with a prosthesis in the tricuspid position can be even higher in the setting of VA-ECMO support. In such patients, promoting forward blood flow across the prosthesis and improving levels of anticoagulation may be particularly important.
Endovascular Therapy for Thoracic Aortic Mobile Thrombus
Authors: Roberts James Gregory
Published: March 2024

Thoracic aortic mobile thrombus (TAMT) in the absence of atherosclerosis, traumatic injury, or thrombophilia represents an uncommon but well-acknowledged form of a non-cardiogenic thromboembolic source. The morbidity and mortality of acute visceral thromboembolism from an aortic thrombus remains elevated, though delay in diagnosis is common given its underappreciated source as a potentially catastrophic aetiology. Nomenclature to describe any thromboembolism to abdominal viscera remains varied throughout the literature with a cardiac source from arrhythmias most prevalent. Computerized tomographic angiogram (CTA) of chest and abdomen is the modality that most commonly diagnoses TAMT. Trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE), however, has been the imaging modality of choice in defining the specific thrombus morphology of TAMT. Patient morbidity and mortality of TAMT may entail devastating thromboembolism to myriad sites: cerebrum, mesentery, renal and upper and/or lower extremity peripheral vasculatures. Risks factors of developing aortic mural thrombus are explored within each case. Herein are two illustrative cases of TAMT presenting with acute peritoneal signs and symptoms of visceral ischemia, respectively involving spleen and kidney in the first, and spleen and intestine, the second case. Both cases were successfully managed by physical examination, CTA-diagnosis, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to define the morphology of the aortic thrombus, and subsequent thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) graft deployment.
Logistics Web Application for the Tracking of Parcels
Authors: Betrand Chidi Ukamaka , Onukwugha Chinwe Gilean , Ofoegbu Christopher Ifeanyi , Aliche Obinna Banner , Kelechi Douglas Allswell
Published: March 2024

Firms can save operating expenses and improve customer satisfaction by managing their logistics well. Delivering goods and services to customers with the highest standards while reducing operating costs is the aim of the logistics management philosophy. As a result, logistics management is a crucial component of the supply chain process, which also includes other tasks including organizing, directing, planning, storing, communicating, and providing support. Web applications tracking allow easy access to goods and services over the internet. It allows for easy detection of the state, location of goods and services at any given instance. This web application gives the users easy accessisibility to the platform. The logistics web application for the tracking of parcels was developed using Angular Js, Node and Express Js, and MongoDB. Hosted on Heroku. The aim of the project which is to meet the demands of the users while offering real-time visibility, efficient route optimization, as well as the overall streaming of the supply chain process was achieved. With this application, users can finally be able to know the current and real time location of their packages so long as they have access to the internet.
Elaboration of Distance Standards Against the Electromagnetic Effects of High-Voltage B Overhead Lines in the Republic of Benin
Authors: Nounangnonhou Cossi Télesphore , Olouladé Arouna , Lamidi Taohidi Alamou , Fifatin François-Xavier , Sêmassou Guy Clarence
Published: March 2024

The high-voltage overhead lines used to transport electrical energy from production plants to distribution stations constitute a very important link in the chain of providing electrical energy to communities. However, they constitute potential sources of emission of electromagnetic waves whose impacts are harmful to human health (thermal electrical stimulation of tissues and in particular those of the brain causing different forms of cancer) if the safety distance between these lines and users is not respected. In recent years, Benin has experienced, in urban areas crossed by transport lines and particularly among populations living in the vicinity of these lines, an explosion in the rate of people suffering from cancer. This study is carried out not only to check whether the minimum distance according to the voltage levels of these lines is respected in order to ensure the safety of people living in their vicinity but also to develop a standard of minimum distances to be respected. By the numerical simulation method based on Maxwell's equations established in a supposedly empty medium, the Bio-Savart law and the Lorentz transformation, the model of wave intensity as a function of distances, is determined. The results obtained respectively give minimum safety distances of 15 meters, 20 meters and 36 meters for the 63 kV, 161 kV and 330 kV high voltage lines Category B. These distances are, by far, respected by the populations. Furthermore, the results clearly show that electric fields are more decisive in defining the minimum distances obtained.
Assessment the Level of Awareness of Aflatoxin Contaminations in Maize-Based Meals Among Boarding School Personnel
Authors: Abdu Mfinanga Mariam , Rashid Suleiman , Beatrice Kilima
Published: March 2024

Tanzania is a tropical country that lies few degrees south of the equator The coast area includes regions such as Dar es Salaam and Coastal region which are hot and humid with cooling breezes of the Indian Ocean. Awareness of society is a crucial aspect of ensuring the safety and quality of food. One of the risk factors in food safety is the presence of aflatoxin in various foods such as cereals, and groundnuts. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of awareness of aflatoxin B1 contamination in maize and maize flour used for meals in boarding secondary schools. A total of 90 respondents from 30 schools from 7 districts of the two regions were interviewed. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect information and the survey showed that 74.4% of the respondents were aware of aflatoxin contamination. 85.6% of respondents know that aflatoxin is found in food and only 14.4% were not aware. 74.4% were capable of selecting the correct list of food that can be contaminated with aflatoxin while 11.1% selected the wrong list. 14.4% of the respondents were unable to select the list of foods that can be contaminated with aflatoxin. These results indicate that most of them are aware of the issue of aflatoxin contamination in maize and its products which is good for reducing aflatoxin contamination in food products and its effect. An effective and broad awareness program for the society including boarding school personnel and students on good management of food for prevention of aflatoxins contamination and its health effects is necessary, as maize and its products are the most consumed grain in the study area.
Checking the Mechanisms of Internal Combustion Engines for the Presence of Parasitic Forces Using a New Methodology
Authors: Bakhodir Tursunbaev , Khasan Fayzullaev , Temur Tursunbaev
Published: March 2024

This article presents the results of a study of internal combustion engines equipped with a crank mechanism according to the efficiency criterion using a new method for determining the operating efficiency of machines and engines. The study revealed the presence of parasitic forces in internal combustion engines equipped with a crank mechanism. The occurrence of parasitic forces present in internal combustion engines and the law of their dependence on the movement of the piston have been studied. As well as the negative impact of parasitic forces on engine efficiency. This article presents the main results of the study. As a result of the research, it was revealed that when converting the thermal energy generated in the combustion chamber of internal combustion engines equipped with a crank mechanism into mechanical work, more than 30% of the energy of the pressure force is spent on parasitic forces. The influence of the mechanical friction force (friction of the plain bearings) with the crankshaft on the effective torque was also studied. Thus, the inefficiency of internal combustion engines equipped with a crank mechanism has been theoretically and practically proven. Finally, recommendations are given for eliminating parasitic forces when designing new internal combustion engines. It is proposed to equip new internal combustion engines with mechanisms without parasitic forces. Equipping internal combustion engines with a mechanism that does not contain parasitic forces (that is, equipping them with more efficient mechanisms) significantly increases the possibility of efficient use of the thermal energy of the fuel introduced into the combustion chamber in internal combustion engines. Consequently, this increases the engine efficiency by 130%. or more. For internal combustion engines, a new mechanism is recommended that eliminates the loss of force and allows the use of rolling bearings. This feature of the new mechanism makes it possible to increase the efficiency of internal combustion engines by another 4-6%. From previous studies it is known that the efficiency of a rolling bearing relative to a plain bearing is more than 2-3 times.
Representations of Feminism and Strategies for Defending Male Hegemony in a Patriarchal Context: The Moderating Effect of Sociodemographic and Attitudinal Variables
Authors: Mouafo Achille Vicky Dzuetso
Published: March 2024

Many African societies apply patriarchy, an oppressive, authoritarian and discriminatory social system in which power rests with men, for regulating gender relations. However, with the socio-structural evolution of these societies, new ideological currents gradually change the mores of the citizens, among which feminism. This ideology aims for more equitable relations between the sexes, which implicitly means questioning the model of patriarchal societies and contesting male domination; hence its potential danger and the defense strategies that men could adopt to mitigate or even annihilate its impact. This research is interested not only in these strategies, but also in the factors which are their catalysts; a question which, to the best of our knowledge, is little explored in the African patriarchal context specifically. In this vein, the hypotheses it tests propose that, in the African patriarchal context, men’s sociodemographic characteristics, their feeling that male hegemony is threatened and their adherence to the patriarchal system interact with representations of feminism to explain the defensive strategies they develop to preserve their hegemony consecrated by patriarchy. To test these hypotheses, a survey was conducted among 554 male participants residing in the towns of Maroua and Dschang (Cameroon). Their ages range from 19 to 67 years (M= 24.61; SD= 7.10). They were administered various measurement scales relating to representations of feminism (α=.75), feeling of threat to male hegemony (α=.70), defense strategies (α=.76) and support to patriarchy (α=.76). The data collected provides empirical support for the hypotheses of the study.
Effect of Crude Oil Contamination on Compaction and Consistency of Some Clay Soils from Parts of Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: Oborie Ebiegberi , Opukumo Alfred Wilson
Published: March 2024

Bayelsa state is the southernmost part of the crude oil prolific Niger Delta region of Nigeria where oil exploration and exploitation activities have resulted to the pollution of its land, water, and air. Most parts of the area have experienced crude oil contamination of one form or the other, and the effects on man and the ecosystem are wide ranging. This study has examined the effect of oil contamination on the compaction behaviour of two clay samples obtained at shallow foundation depths in Yenagoa. The two clay samples, A and B are classified according to the unified soil classification system (USCS) as high plasticity inorganic sandy fat clay, and sandy lean clay, respectively. 4, 8, and 12 % crude oil by mass of dry soil were used to mix with the soil samples and left to cure in plastic bags for 48 hours before testing. In sample B, liquid limit (LL) was found to increase by about 9% for all proportions of crude oil while plastic limit (PL) was increased by 13%, 15%, and 27% for 4, 8, and 12 % oil content, respectively. These increase in LL and PL also brought about an increase in plasticity index except for 12% crude oil treatment. However, in all, a low plastic soil was changed to a slightly high plastic one as plotted on the Casagrande chart. The maximum dry density (MDD) of the two samples was also reduced by oil contamination with an increasing oil content exacerbating the reduction of MDD. It is therefore, recommended that care be taken during construction when dealing with clay soils within a potential crude oil contaminated region.