bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Cross-sectional Study on Empathy and Factors Associated with Individual Variations in Empathy Levels among College Students in Central Kerala
Authors: Sebastian Shaliet Rose , Saji Joyal Alias , Mathew Geethu , Babu Bichu P
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Empathy is a social skill that exerts influence on the quality of social relationships. An empathetic person is able to understand the emotions of others, accurately express their feelings, comprehend other’s situations and act appropriately. Added to the volatile nature of the age, the youth face challenges from social exclusion, gender based violence and the lack of access to rights and opportunities. Aim: To measure empathy levels among college students aged 18-28 years in Kerala and to find out the factors associated with individual variations in Empathy levels among them. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 610 college students of both gender randomly selected from Pathamthitta, Kottayam, Alappuzha, Kollam, and Trivandrum districts in South Central Kerala, India. Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), short version of Malach-Pines (2005) and Burnout Measure was used for collecting information from study participants. Data was analysed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 (Chicago, USA). Results were expressed as percentages and proportions. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 21±1.6 years. The mean empathy score and burnout score of study participants were 58±11.9 and 41.03±12.3, respectively. The empathy score among study participants was found to be significantly associated with age of study participants and burnout. Conclusion: The present study revealed a good prevalence of empathy and humanistic values among college students in Kerala. However, certain factors like burnout that can affect total individual empathy scores need to be addressed.
Lifestyle, Immunity and COVID-19: An Amalgamation of Modern Science and A _yurvedic Perspective
Authors: Katoch Mukta , Prabha Shashi , Vaid Yashika Mehta , Mishra Chhandasri , Dash Shivangi , Sharma Devansh , Varmani Shivani G
Published: January 2022

Since 2019 the entire world is facing a crisis named as Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Within a short amount of time this disease which started from a small place in China has transformed into a pandemic and claimed millions of lives worldwide. India has witnessed the first and second wave of this infection with numerous variants of COVID-19, and an upsurge in infectivity rates and mortality rates. COVID-19 is a pernicious infection caused by a recent variant of Coronavirus. There are several research studies that have been carried out to understand it’s aetiology, pathophysiology, prevention and treatment strategies. As per the ancient Indian wisdom- “Prevention is better than Cure.” Any kind of infection can be prevented by taking necessary precautions and preventive measures against exposure to suspected environment and pathogen. A strengthened immune system further is able to fight and curb the disease even if there is exposure to the virus or any other pathogen. Significant data is available to support the need and importance of lifestyle modifications, particularly as mentioned in _ Ayurvedic and Yogic scriptures for immunity boosting in all age groups. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive, holistic and easy understanding of practical lifestyle modifications that can boost an individual’s immunity and help mitigate infectious diseases like COVID-19.
Lifestyle Behaviour among Undergraduate Medical Students in Tamil Nadu: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Anuradha R , Priyadharshini S , Patil Aruna
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Lifestyle related behavioural risk factors such as physical inactivity and nutrition transition like increased consumption of high‑fat and low‑fiber diet are found to be risk factors for Non Communicable Diseases (NCD) worldwide. Medical students are susceptible to poor eating habits, physical inactivity, lack of sleep or acquisition of new habits, such as smoking and alcohol. They have been shown to exhibit early risk factors for chronic diseases. Hence, it is essential to assess the lifestyle behaviour among medical students as they are future healthcare providers. Aim: To assess the lifestyle behaviour among the undergraduate medical students and to compare lifestyle behavioural factors between gender. Materials and Methods: A cross‑sectional study was conducted among 200 undergraduate medical students, selected by using random sampling method from first year to final year of a government medical college in Chennai, Tamil Nadu from June 2018 to August 2018. Self‑administered questionnaire was used to collect data regarding socio‑demographic profile and lifestyle behaviours such as dietary pattern, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep duration, smoking and alcohol consumption. Descriptive statistics for qualitative data and Chi‑square test to test the proportions were used. Results: A total of 200 undergraduate medical students participated in the study. The mean age of the study participants was 20.2 years with a standard deviation of 1.34. Out of the 200 study participants, 132 (66%) were females and 68 (34%) were males. Skipping of meals was seen in 54% students. Vegetables and fruits intake ≤3 times/week were found in 25.5% and 63% students respectively. Smoking was observed in 3% and alcohol intake in 7.5% students. Lack of exercise was noted in 46%. Television viewing/mobile usage for >4 hours per day was observed in 30.5% students. Sleep duration of <6 hours/day was noted in 11%. Frequent carbonated drinks consumption (>3 times/week) was significantly higher in males (14.7%) as compared to females (5.3%). Inadequate exercise was significantly higher in females. Conclusion: Behavioural risk factors such as unhealthy diet, irregular eating habits, and physical inactivity were prevalent among the medical undergraduate students.
Adoption of Safety Measures against COVID-19 by Tribal Families in Southern Rajasthan- A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kumar Dilip L , Patel Mehul , Samanta Matariswa , Mangal Nitesh , Varghese KA
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic during early 2020 forced the people to make drastic changes in their lifestyle. The people’s response to preventive measures initiated by the Government to control COVID-19 is the focus of the study. Aim: To assess the knowledge for prevention and adoption of safety measures against COVID-19 by the tribal masses. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study, covering 300 selected tribal families, was conducted in a tribal belt during the period September 2020 to December 2020. The questionnaire covered socio-demographic profile, knowledge aspects and adoption pattern regarding preventive measures of COVID-19. The head of the family or in his/her absence any available adult family member has been the respondent to provide the required information. Based on maximum score of 15 for correct knowledge, the families were categorised as poor (≤5), average (6-10) and good (11-15). With a maximum score of 24 for correct adoption, the categorisation was made as poor (≤8), average (9-16) and good (17-24). The association of socio-demographic factors with knowledge and practice level was tested through Chi-square test and correlation coefficient between knowledge and adoption scores. Results: Among the 300 families studied, the nuclear type tribal families dominated in the study area 204 (68%) and the average age of respondents was 61 years. The mean knowledge score was 7.6 (50.67%) and adoption score was 11.22 (46.75%). The percentage shares of respondents in poor, average and good categories were 31.33%, 35.33% and 33.33% for knowledge and 32.66%, 34.66% and 32.66%, respectively for adoption scores. The education level, income of the family and access to media sources were found to have significant association between knowledge and adoption scores. Conclusion: The highest education level of family members, family income and access to media sources were significantly associated with knowledge as well as practice. The positive correlation between knowledge and adoption scores indicated that the adoption level can be improved by enhancing knowledge to the socially backwards tribal communities. Socially visible practices like mask wearing were well adopted by tribals whereas the adoption level of invisible components like immunity building was relatively low.
Maternal Experiences of Home-based Kangaroo Mother Care Following Discharge from a Rural-Urban Health Facility, Nsawam Government Hospital, Ghana
Authors: Cyriaano Patricia , Mary Ani-Amponsah, , Doris Richardson , Hannah Acquah , Kpikpitse Dzigbordi , Boateng Keren-Happuch Twumasiwaa , Alberta Gyepi-Garbrah, , Mensah Olivia Nyarko
Published: January 2022

Background: Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of child mortality worldwide and Sub-Saharan Africa is disproportionately affected. Inadequate access to cost-effective interventions in most poor resource areas threatens to increase preterm birth related mortalities. Kangaroo mother care has proven to be a cost-effective intervention and has reduced death as a result of complications of PTB by half.

Purpose: This study therefore sought to explore and document the experiences of mothers regarding KMC following discharge from Nsawam Government Hospital.

Methods: An exploratory descriptive design was used to collect data from mothers who had preterm births and their experiences of practicing kangaroo mother care at home. Fourteen participants in the Nsawam municipality were purposively selected to participate in the study. Data was analyzed using inductive thematic analyses.

Findings: The findings of the study indicated that mothers are encouraged to practice KMC based on the benefits of KMC like provision of warmth, bonding and improvement in growth and development. The study also indicated that support systems available to mothers at home included family, churches, community and healthcare providers.

Recommendations: The study recommended that; proper follow-up care should be undertaken by clinicians on mothers practicing KMC especially in their respective home environment to ensure adherence KMC practice experiences in the home.
Land Inventorization at Tardi-Babhlaj Villages of Shirpur Taluka Maharashtra State using RS and GIS
Authors: Sudharshana C. , Dhotre Mallikarjun , Didal Vijay Kumar
Published: January 2022

Scientific evaluation of the land is essential in order to understand the suitability for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes and identification of capabilities and constraints of the land for various crops and their cultivation helps in appropriate and sustainable usage. In order to uplift the production, productivity as well as profitability from a farm land, the knowledge regarding various land resources and soil properties become pre-requisites. In this, direction, a land inventorization was carried out using RS and GIS techniques. The prime objective was to carry out land evaluation studies based on land based on land capability classification and suitability of lands for commonly cultivated crops in the region. Soil morphological features, physical, physico-chemical and fertility properties of the land were analysed and the results indicated that the soils are good in inherent properties even with the slight variation in the morphological and physicochemical properties. Land evaluation based on Land Capability Classification (LCC) revealed that, all the blocks fall under Class-IV with some of the limitations like, erosion, texture and low organic carbon content in soils. Suitability of land to the crops indicated that there are limitations with respect to erosion, slope and soil fertility. Based on the obtained results, corrective measures were suggested for all the blocks to reduce the erosion losses improve the soil properties for higher productivity of the cultivated crops. The study concludes that variation in soils in all blocks is due to the close relationship between soils, physiography and climate which are interrelated.
Perception of Dental Students towards the usage of Online Assessment during COVID -19 Pandemic
Authors: Chordia Trupti , Dive Alka , Choudhary Anuraag , Patil Manoj
Published: January 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic have forced educational institutions to shift rapidly to distance and online learning. This study aims to explore attitude and perception of dental students towards online assessment during pandemic.

Objective: To assess student’s perception, attitudes, and readiness toward online assessment.

Methodology: A self constructed questionnaire including 10 questions was designed with 5 specialists, to improve the design ambiguity. The study was conducted through electronic media.

Results: A total of 270 dental students answered the survey. The overall response rate was 70.68%. More than 50% students are well versed with online assessment. One fourth of the participants found convenience as the advantage while 64.7% students encountered technical issue as the limitation of online assessment. There was overall positive attitude towards usage of online assessment.

Conclusions: This study showed acceptable levels of individual characteristics and system ability levels as well as the perceived importance of using online tools in dental education among the participants.
In- vitro Hepatoprotective Action of the Crude Extracts of Luffa amara (Whole Fruit) and Rheum emodi (Rhizomes) in CCl4 Intoxicated Rat Hepatocytes
Authors: Abid Muna , Abid Zakia , Asad B. Syed , Ibrahim Mohammed
Published: January 2022

Aim: The objective of this in-vitro study involves evaluating the protective action of the extracts of L. amara (LA) (whole fruits including seeds) and R. emodi (RE) (rhizomes) at various concentrations on isolated primary rat hepatocytes.

Methods: The pulverised dried whole fruits of L. amara (LA) and rhizomes of R.emodi (RE) were extracted successively with petroleum ether (PE), ethanol (EE) and distilled water (AE) and vacuum dried. These extracts of LA petroleum ether (PE), ethanolic (EE) and aqueous (AE) extracts and RE obtained were subjected to in vitro studies at doses of 25, 75, 100, and 150 µg/ml and silymarin (250 µg/ml) in CCl4 (1%) intoxicated primary hepatocytes monolayer cultures the hepatoprotective action of all the extracts of both plants at different doses was carried out using isolated rat hepatocytes which were subjected to CCl4 intoxication followed by estimating/ measuring the changes in serum biochemical markers – SGPT, SGOT, ALP, Total proteins (TP), total bilirubin (TB), albumin (ALB) and triglycerides (TGL).

Results: Hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 was demonstrated in the rat primary monolayer hepatocyte culture using MMT assay with the ethanolic extracts of both plants showing more hepatocyte protective action compared to the aqueous and petroleum ether extracts by reducing the elevated serum marker levels. Alcoholic and aqueous extracts were found to express more protective action towards CCl4 intoxicated isolated primary rat hepatocytes in a dose dependant manner.

Conclusion: Based on the result, it is suggested that the extract with the most hepatocyte protective action at a dose of 150µg is LA ethanolic extract (viability=88.24%), followed by LA aqueous extract (viability=84.31%), RE ethanolic extract (viability=88.24%) and RE aqueous extract (viability=88.24%) - which are comparable to the reference silymarin with viability at 92.15%. the petroleum ether extracts of both plants showed least hepatic cell viability with LA pet ether extract at 49.02% and RE pet ether extract at 47.85%
Evaluation of Cardioprotective action of Suvarna gairik (Redochre) in Indian Cobra Envenomation, Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning and Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity in Albino Rats- A Protocol
Authors: Mane Santoshi , Wadnerwar Nilima , Ninave Sudhir , Wajgi R. D. , Dighade R. R.
Published: January 2022

Background: Poisoning is major health issue all over the world. Poisoning is one of basic causes for Out Hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). P-OHCA (Poison induced Out Hospital cardiac arrest) can be prevented by immediate primary management. The agent for poisoning is unknown in most cases, which leads to difficulty deciding the emergency antidote. In Ayurveda Hridyavaranchikitsa (Cardio protection) is one of the treatment modalities mentioned in all types of poisoning as first aid treatment. Suvarna Gairik (Red ochre) is one of drugs mentioned for the cardioprotection. Snake bite and organophosphate poisoning are the threats to life in India. Doxorubicin is commonly used drug for Chemotherapy in malignancies, and its major side effect is cardiotoxicity. Hence these poisonings are included in study.

Aim and Objective: Evaluation of cardioprotective activity of Suvarna Gairik (Red ochre) in cardiac biomarker like Lactate dehydrogenase, Creatinine phosphokinase, Alkaline transferase, Cardiac Troponins and Survival Time in Indian Cobra Envenomation, Aluminium phosphide poisoning and Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in Albino Rats.

Methodology: Animal study is designed. 56 wistar rats will be divided in 7 groups as Vehicle Control Group, Disease control Group -1 Indian Cobra envenomation, Disease control Group -2Aluminium Phosphide poisoning, Disease control Group -3 Inj. Doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity, Test Group -1 Indian Cobra Envenomation and Suvarna gairik Test Group -2 Aluminium Phosphide poisoning and Suvarna gairik Test control Group 3- Inj. Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and Suvarna gairik.

Results: Outcome will be assessed in between groups and among groups.

Conclusion: Suvarna Gairik (Red ochre) may show statistical significant cardioprotective activity.
Isolation of Chemical Constituents and Invitro Antidiabetic Activity of Mirabilis Jalapa Flower Extracts
Authors: Kodical Deepth D. , Fernandes Jennifer , Mathew Jane , Deepthi K. , Bhaskar K. Vijay
Published: January 2022

Objectives: The present work was designed to investigate the phytochemical and in vitro screening of the flower extracts of Mirabilis jalapa.

Materials and Methods: Phytochemical constituents were isolated using column chromatography and characterized of the compounds were carried out using IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy data. In vitro anti-diabetic activity was evaluated by alpha-amylase inhibition assay and Alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay.

Results: Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract revealed the presence of a flavonoid Kaempferol and a triterpenoid Lupeol. In vitro investigation indicated that the Mirabilis jalapa flowers extracts has considerable anti-diabetic activity

Conclusion: The anti-diabetic activity may due to the presence of phytoconstituents like flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids.
Surgical Management of Benign Gastric Tumors: A Review
Authors: Abood Hashem Bark Awadh , Albalawi Amani Nasser D. , AlEnazi Haifa Obedullah , Almuhanna Mousa Mutlaq , Busaad Norah Othman , Jarad Rafa Ghazi Ali , Alkhamis Mahdi Saleh , Alsharif Shahad Majed , Alahdal Mutaz Abdulrahman S. , Alqahtani Deena ahmed , Alhakamy Abdulmajeed ramzy , Alraqibah Sulaiman Abdullah
Published: January 2022

Benign stomach and duodenal tumors are uncommon. Any component of the stomach epithelium, whether glandular, endocrine, or mesenchymal, can develop benign neoplastic tumors. The majority of people with benign stomach and duodenal tumors are asymptomatic for a long time. When symptoms do appear, they are determined by the tumor's size, location, and comorbidities. Endoscopy, computed tomography, and especially endoscopic ultrasonography results are used diagnose. Clinically, it's difficult to tell the difference between benign and malignant stomach tumors. Even benign tumors can undergo malignant transformation, severe obstructive problems, and bleeding. As a result, aggressive surgical resection of the tumors should be undertaken. Laparoscopic resection has become the first option of many surgeons since the development of minimally invasive surgery. According to previous literature, laparoscopic excision of GIST is safe and effective. In this review we’ll be looking at benign gastric tumors, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and their diagnosis.
Avascular Necrosis of Left Femoral Head Following Trivial Trauma and the Need for Early Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Pugazhendhi . , Natarajan K. Arvind , Pankaj H.
Published: January 2022

Trivial Trauma is one of the causes of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Even trivial trauma can cause loss of blood supply to the femoral head and results in ischemia and aseptic necrosis. A 68 year old male patient came with 2 month history of left hip pain. X-ray pelvis (fig-1) with both hips which was taken immediately after the trauma, showed no significant bony abnormality and patient was managed conservatively with analgesics. Patient had persisting pain for 2 months which increased in severity and patient developed difficulty walking. Therefore a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) L hip (fig-2) was done and which showed avascular necrosis grade III of left femoral head. Total hip replacement was then carried out for the patient and patient improved symptomatically. Earlier MRI imaging following trauma could have resulted in early diagnosis and intervention to prevent progression of the disease and salvage the femoral head.
A Review on Deviated Nasal Septum: Classification, Clinical Features and Management
Authors: Jain Suhani , Deshmukh P. T.
Published: January 2022

The nasal septum separates the right and left part of the nasal cavity and columellar septum, membranous septum and septum proper are the parts of it. Deviation of nasal septum is a common case of nasal obstruction presented in a clinic. A lot of classifications have been developed to help ease the study of deviated nasal septum but none of them is used as a standard. Some of the classifications include the one given by Vidigal, Guyuron, Cerek, Mladina and Cottle’s. Apart from nasal obstruction other common clinical features involving deviated nasal septum are sinusitis especially in horizontal deviation type V. Pressure on lateral wall by spurs can also cause pressure headache. Due to increased air flow in the nasal cavity, dryness occurs causing epistaxis. Obstruction of nasal cavity causes mouth breathing in return either exaggerating or leading to obstructive sleep apnoea. Septal deviation also effects the choroidal thickness and choroidal blood supply. Histopathologically, lymphocytic infiltration and squamous metaplasia occurs in septal mucosa. These changes occur mostly due to change in the aerodynamic flow. There is decreased cilia movement and inferior turbinate hypertrophy. Thickness of inferior turbinate gains importance while septoplasty as, if thickened a lot, the inferior turbinate demands excision. The deviated nasal septum is associated with sinusitis, chronic suppurative otitis media and Eustachian tube dysfunction. Management involves sub mucus resection or septoplasty. Out of the two, septoplasty is preferred as it is a conservative surgery. Only symptomatic and cosmetically grossly disfigured cases require a surgical treatment while the asymptomatic cases are generally not indicated for surgery. This study tries to review the Classification, Clinical Features and Management of Deviated Nasal Septum.
Synthesis and Anticancer Perspective of Pyridopyrimidine Scaffold - An Overview
Authors: Shetty Chaithra R. , Shastry C. S.
Published: January 2022

The core pyridopyrimidines are gaining interest in organic and heterocyclic chemistry in recent days, as this scaffold acts as a building block because of its wide range of biological and pharmacological applications like anticancer, antimicrobial, fungicidal, antiviral, CNS, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. This review mainly emphasizes the evolution in anticancer properties of pyridopyrimidines since 2008 especially the method of synthesis and anticancer activity of synthesized compounds with reporting of active anticancer scaffolds. Important starting materials which are widely used for the synthesis are 2-thioxopyrimidine, ethyl 2-cyanoacetate, 2-amino-3-cyano-4-trifluoromethyl-6-phenyl-pyridine, 2-amino-4,6-disubstituted nicotinonitrile, 2-chloro-3-pyridine carboxylic acid, in which 2-thioxopyrimidine is found to be mostly employed in the synthesis. Pyridopyrimidines which are synthesized from different starting materials, in which the more active compounds are reported here which may help in further discovery/ development of novel molecules.
A Brief Review on Management of Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Kaushik Nikhil , Vaghani Dhara , Singam Arpita Jaiswal
Published: January 2022

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a real pregnancy trap, wherein ladies without as of late dissected diabetes encourage constant high blood glucose during pregnancy. Diabetes in gestation is a condition where highly increase in the blood glucose level at the period of pregnancy and impacts pregnant ladies who haven't been broke down with diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus in gestational period is conceivably most broadly perceived serious the pregnant conditions, with long and short stretch outcomes for mothers, hatchlings & babies. The chiefs & remedies which are wanted to gain most ideal control of glycemia, and while ignoring hypoglycaemia & make sure of fetal and maternal prosperity. This incorporates direct changes, food & treatment, and when considered fundamental; For possible opposing outcomes, simultaneously with fetal and maternal perception was made. The response intends to develop choices for gestational diabetes management treatment pharmacologically. Everyone played out a wide composing different review of examinations, conveyed in the latest fifty year , focusing on  treatment for Gestational diabetes mellitus pharmacologically, overseeing security & ampleness, for maternal & fetal unpleasantness results; similarly like disillusionment & accomplishment in developing legitimate control of glucose and metabolic conditions . Medical treatment orally is a secured & convincing treatment system for GDM and in specific conditions may fill in as first-line treatment while supporting changes misfire. Right when oral experts disregard to set up control of glucose then imbuements of insulin are added supposedly. Choosing oral treatment which is the best in unsure, disregarding the way that it seems, by all accounts, to be that metformin is fairly better compared to glyburide, in specific perspectives. Concerning parenteral treatment, all recorded insulins in the specified article need to be considered both ensured & practical so that the treatment of high blood glucose can be treated in pregnancy. Fundamentally, a prevalent security profile, with near feasibility is recorded for most analogs. As GDM normality climbs, there is a prerequisite for powerful noticing and treatment for patients.
Development of Innovative Gel Sunscreen Products from Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng. Extract
Authors: Kakatum Narin , Fakkam Supalak , Donbandranchoke Meentraporn , Anuchon Jatupat , Supatsaraphokin Natphapat
Published: January 2022

A study on the development of sunscreen gel products from Momordica cochinchinensis(Lour.) Spreng. extract aimed to study phenolic content, inhibitory effect of Elastase and Tyrosinase, product stability, toxicity, astringent effect of M. cochinchinensis extract, skin elasticity value, suitable product formula calculation for preparing sunscreen gel products from M. cochinchinensis extract, and irritation test. The process started fromthe selection of raw materials, preparation of extracts for determining the total phenolic content, development of suitable formula, test of safety and product physical characteristics, and then test of the anti-allergic effect of 10 volunteers to get efficient and safe sunscreen gel from M. cochinchinensis extract. The study result indicated that M. cochinchinensisaril extract had antioxidant activity DPPH of 1.51±0.05 mg/ml, compared to standard substance - Vitamin C, and total phenolic content of 13.18±0.18 (mg equivalent of gallic acid per 100 g - dry weight). Regarding Cytotoxicity at a concentration of 0.0001-1 mg/ml, it revealed that M. cochinchinensisaril extract was not toxic to human skin cells with the cell survival percentage at a concentration of 1 mg/ml equaled to 95.35±1.86 and 88.15±4.73%, respectively. M. cochinchinensisaril extract concentration of 1 mg/ml had astringent effect which can stimulate human skin cells to move together faster than the control group but showed effect slower than Vitamin C concentrate of 1 mg/ml. and did not have inhibitory effect on Elastase and Tyrosinaseenzymes. Regarding M. cochinchinensis seed oil extract, it did not toxic to human skin cells at the concentration of 0.0001-1 mg/ml with the survival percentage equaled to 105.67-111.46%, and had a few antioxidants activity of unsaturated fatty acids with an IPC50 more than 1000 mg/ml. This study was only the development of sunscreen gel products from M. cochinchinensis extract.
Relationship between Visual Impairment and the Use of Electronic Devices in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Arishi Nawal Ali Mohd , Abousada Hoda Jehad , Alghubaini Ghada Badr , Ahmed Manar Salah , Ahmed Rahaf Salah , Alshikhi Abdurhman Ahmed , Alzughaibi Mohammad Saleh , Alqahtani Aseel Hussain , Aldughather Badr Abdulmohsen , Aljifri Abdulrahman Mauafaq , Shabain Nurse. Hanaa Mohammed , Garawi Nurse. Hanan Mohammed Ali , Basheikh Abdullah Abdualrhman , Albrkati Faisal khaled , Simsim Mohammed Shaker
Published: January 2022

Background: Overuse of electronic gadgets has been highlighted as a possible preventable risk factor for eyesight loss. Excessive use of electronic gadgets, on the other hand, has been linked to vision impairment in a variety of ways.

Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study to spotlight on the relationship between visual impairment and addiction to electronic devices use. The study's goal was to see if there was a link between Saudis' vision impairment and their addiction to using electronic devices, this is the suitable design for this research. The study was carried out among Saudi population. Data were collected from general population using questionnaire during the period from 22 August to 22 November 2020.

Results: The study included the participation of 344 participants from both genders and different age groups in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. There were 211 female participants (61.3%) and 133 males (38.7%) took place in this study. The most prevalent age group was under the age of 25 years (n= 111, 32.3%) followed by the age group 25-35 (n= 104, 30.2%) while the least frequent age group was above 45 years (n= 54, 15.7%). On asking the participants whether they think that they have vision impairment or not, their answers were as follows: yes (n= 156, 45.3%), no (n= 131, 38.1) and maybe (n= 57, 16.6%). Due to the use electronic devices, there were 107 participants complained of headache (31.1%). And this was significantly related to the number of hours spent by study participants using electronic devices (P= 0.002) as well as significant for female gender more than male gender (P= 0.03).

Conclusion: The study showed statistically significant relationship between the number of hours spent on using electronic devices and visual impairment among study participants especially among female population more than male population. There is a need for awareness campaigns to increase health awareness among population to cut down the use of electronic devices.
Effectiveness of Intrauterine Infusion of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Thin Endometrium of Infertile Women
Authors: Choudhary Namrata , More Akash , Jha Roshankumar , Anjankar Ashish P.
Published: January 2022

One of the key factors in implantation and pregnancy is endometrium. Sufficiently great percentage of in vitro fertilization failure is because of the endometrial receptivity therefore, high quality embryo and adequate receptive endometrial growth are important for successful implantation. Platelet rich plasma has beneficial effect in advancement of endometrial thickness for women with thin endometrial thickness. PRP can be used in various medical conditions including  patients with refractory endometrium as a complementary therapy to conventional  treatment.

Aim: To determine the effectiveness of intrauterine infusion of autologous platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of thin endometrium of infertile women.

Objectives:

To identify infertile female patients with inadequate endometrial growth (less than 7 mm) in the past frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles despite standard treatments.

To observe intrauterine infusion of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in these infertile female patients with thin endometrium.

To determine the effectiveness of intrauterine infusion of autologous PRP in the treatment of thin endometrium of infertile women during In vitro fertilization (IVF).

Methods: It is a prospective observational study. Present study will be carried out with 30 patients. Women having inappropriate endometrial thickness of less than 7 mm, in past FET cycles will be included. Sonographic machine will be used; to measure endometrial thickness by  an expert Gynecologist, where thickest part of uterus will be measured in longitudinal  axis. 

Expected Results: It is expected that intra uterine infusion of PRP will be effective in thickening of endometrial wall in patients with thin endometrium. Once the results are satisfactory it can be helpful for endometrial preparation in reproduction techniques.

Conclusion: Present study is purposed to testify PRP as a novel method for advancement of reproductive medicine, it will be helpful to overcome with the issues such as inadequate thickness of endometrium, poor response to conventional therapy and increase clinical pregnancies and live births positively.
Patient’s Knowledge and Attitude towards Post-extraction Instructions Following Permanent Teeth Extraction
Authors: Ramalingam Sundar , Alsaleh Mohammed Sulaiman , Almhidy Nasser Marje , Aljeadi Abdurrahman Abdurrazzaq , Almosa Omar Mohammed , Alshehri Abdulaziz Mohammed , Almayouf Abdulaziz Abdulrahman , Alosaimi Abdulaziz Fahad , Aldosari Abdulrahman Mohammed , Albaker Mohammed Mansoor , Albaker Abdullah Mansoor , Alrefaie Rahaf Mohammed
Published: January 2022

Background: Post extraction complications may arise if the extraction done is traumatic or the tooth was placed at a difficult position; this could lead to post-extraction complications and knowledge about the prevention of the same is the need of the hour. Hence, the present study was conducted to explore the knowledge of the participants about the prevention of post-extraction complications.

Material and Methods: This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional descriptive study.

A total of 135 patients (75 males and 61females) were included in the study by the convenient method of sampling that visited the dental clinics of the College of Dentistry, Validated questionnaire was asked about post-extraction preventive knowledge. The statistical analysis was performed by the Statistical Package for Social Science version 21 (SPSS Inc Chicago, IL, USA). The significant value was obtained by using the Chi-Square test and p < 0.05 was set to be significant.

Results: Females more than 50 years of age group had better post-extraction preventive knowledge and there was significant relation (p < 0.05). Socioeconomic level and gender distribution had significant relation with the level of post-extraction preventive knowledge (p < 0.05). The patients who had better knowledge followed their instructions precisely.

Conclusion: It was concluded that female, patients above the middle age group and more qualified patients had more post-extraction preventive knowledge and they also followed the instructions very strictly. The importance of the study came out that dentists and the dental assistants should explain and convince patients to follow proper post-operative instructions to avoid post operative complications.
The Critical Minimum Effort for Energy Poverty Challenge in India
Authors: Shameem P. Mohammed
Published: January 2022

The Socio-Economic and Caste Census of 2011 shows the extent of deprivations of rural India. Around 73.4 % of families are residing in rural India, where over 77 million households depend on kerosene for lighting; 1 million use wood and as many as 1.2 million households in India remain completely in the dark. Improvement in - Access, Availability, Adequacy, and Quality of energy can contribute to poverty reduction from various aspects. From a policy-making perspective increasing access to modern energy services require, first, the integration of energy access into national development strategies, and then strong and sustainable financial, institutional, and technology frameworks must be set up. The restatement of the theory of critical minimum effort is to make a plan for the effort that needs to break the environment of inertia of energy poverty. This paper discusses the minimum effort necessary to achieve a steady secular supply of basic energy requirements for people in need. It is alarming fact that today billions of people lack access to the most basic energy services, electricity, and clean cooking facilities, and, worse, this situation is set to change very little over the next 20 years. This paper explains how to set the needed change in the orientation and execution for the service delivery mechanism of energy.

Aims: The restatement of the theory of critical minimum effort as a plan to achieve a steady secular supply of basic energy requirements for people in need.

Study Design: Descriptive analysis.

Place and Duration of Study: Macro-level analysis on India based on Socio-Economic and caste census of 2011.

Methodology: Review-driven theoretical analysis.

Conclusion: Restates those large-scale actions are needed to take people out of the vicious circle of energy poverty.
More than 50% of patients treated with methadone or buprenorphine drop out
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2022

A recent study conducted in Canada found that doses that are too low can cause patients to drop out of treatment with methadone or buprenorphine. For the study, researchers used data on all individuals in the province of British Columbia who received treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) with methadone (73.9% of patients), buprenorphine (24.7%) or slow‐release morphine (1.4%), which is legal for treatment in Canada.
Advances in anti‐doping effort occur amid greater representation for athletes
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: January 2022

Anti‐doping leaders are reporting that new technologies and a restored level of testing in the face of pandemic‐related challenges should help to ensure a level playing field at next month's Winter Olympic Games in Beijing.
Caron CEO calls for verifiable patient outcomes
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2022

The substance use disorder (SUD) treatment community “needs to do more to address the worsening SUD epidemic,” Bradley F. Sorte, president and CEO of Caron Treatment Centers, recently told ADAW. What he is looking for: establishing “verifiable outcomes” using metrics such as program completion and readmission rates.
Ultra‐Sensitive Cubic‐ITO/Silicon Photodiode via Interface Engineering of Native SiOx and Lattice‐Strain‐Assisted Atomic Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Yibo , Loh Joel Y. Y. , Flood Andrew G. , Mao Chengliang , Sharma Geetu , Kherani Nazir P.
Published: January 2022

A highly orientated cubic indium tin oxide (c‐ITO)/native SiOx/n‐Si Schottky photodiode with negligible electronic noise is demonstrated. This extraordinary property is achieved via simple interface engineering, which combines native SiOx, facile air‐annealing, and the resulting ITO‐lattice‐strain‐assisted oxidation of proximal underlying Si atoms. An exceptionally well‐passivated ITO/n‐Si interface is realized, which leads to a heretofore unreported single‐atom‐thin inversion layer observed via transmission electron microscopy imaging. The device exhibits a record‐low dark current density of ≈3 × 10–8 A cm–2 at −5 V, a tenfold reduction over the lowest reported value. Additional excellent optoelectronic properties achieved include self‐powered operation, high quantum efficiency, fast time response, and ultra‐high sensitivity for low illumination signals. Interface characterization reveals that ITO‐lattice relaxation and oxygen diffusion during annealing create a highly ordered c‐ITO crystal and an extended ≈2.2 nm SiOx interlayer formed via atomic oxidation of the underlying pristine Si, thus rendering a high‐quality interface. Moreover, the Schottky barrier is further enhanced by the presence of negatively charged sub‐stoichiometric silicon oxide interlayer. These results bring forth new insights in the surface atomic oxidation process and the significance of natively grown SiOx which together contribute to the realization of economic highly sensitive photodetectors.
Smart Responsive Photoelectric Organic Modulator Integrated with Versatile Optoelectronic Characteristics
Authors: Liu Cheng‐Fang , Lin He , Li Shuang‐Shuang , Xie Hui , Zhang Jia‐Ling , Ji Dong‐Zhou , Yan Yu , Liu Xu , Lai Wen‐Yong
Published: January 2022

Integrating photonics and electronics into a single chip with a variety of capabilities is attracting particular interest for achieving high‐density and high‐speed multifunctional smart optoelectronic systems. However, it remains challenging to realize this goal because of the difficulty of merging various areas of science and technology. A smart responsive integrated photoelectric organic modulator is created here, which can not only possess emission wavelength switching tunability in response to light and heat but also show good optical amplification performance and field‐effect transistor properties. By applying external stimuli on the resulting smart responsive system based on the judicious combination of conjugated polymers and photochromic molecules can enable efficient and reversible tuning of light emission between red and yellow via a controllable way through effective manipulation of energy transfer channels induced by optical and thermal stimuli. More importantly, stimuli‐responsive emission, optical amplification, and efficient carrier transport can be simultaneously integrated in a single device with optical and electrical performance comparable to those of stand‐alone devices. The results suggest an effective way to create smart integration of photonic and electronic elements in a chip with multifunctional optoelectronic characteristics for various applications such as integrated photonics, electronics, optoelectronics, and smart sensing.
Surface Phosphatization for a Sawdust‐Derived Carbon Catalyst as Kinetics Promoter and Corrosion Preventer in Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Huang Huancheng , Cheng Changjing , Zhang Guoliang , Guo Liang , Li Gaoyang , Pan Min , Dang Feng , Mai Xianmin
Published: January 2022

Strong oxidant intermediates and the formation of byproducts during the discharge/charge process are the main challenges in the degradation of lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs). A facile approach to maintain the stability of the cathode catalyst and avoid the formation of byproducts is essential for the development of LOBs. Here, a sawdust‐derived carbon catalyst is fabricated and subjected to surface phosphatization to suppress corrosion between carbon and electrolyte/products. This prevents the formation of byproducts from parasitic reactions and boosts the reaction kinetics of the carbon catalyst in LOBs. The doped P atoms will prior to substitute an N atom in pyrrolic‐N sites to form graphitic PN sites, instead of the graphitic PC sites. Experimental and density functional theory calculations reveal that the graphitic PN sites can function as a reaction kinetics promoter for the formation/decomposition of discharge products. Moreover, the graphitic PN sites can also prevent the formation of byproduct Li2CO3 from the corrosion of the carbon catalyst, despite its poor catalytic capability in LOBs. As a result, the sawdust‐derived P‐doped catalyst exhibits an enhanced specific capacity of ≈20 000 mAh g–1 and long cycle stability of 226 and 160 cycles at 200 and 500 mA g–1, respectively.
Dual‐Functional NbN Ultrafine Nanocrystals Enabling Kinetically Boosted Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Shi Nianxiang , Xi Baojuan , Liu Jie , Zhang Zhengchunyu , Song Ning , Chen Weihua , Feng Jinkui , Xiong Shenglin
Published: January 2022

Herein, NbN nanocrystals immobilized on N‐doped carbon nanosheets to functionalize a polypropylene (PP) membrane (NbN@NC/PP) with a thin coating of only 4 µm are designed and synthesized. The functional modifier layer allows for sulfur‐involved transformations and also lithium plating behaviors. On the one hand, the sulfur cell with NbN@NC/PP separator exhibits excellent cycling stability and rate capacity. The good electrochemical performance partially results from the strong chemical interactions between NbN and lithium polysulfides via the formation of NbS and NLi bonds, which is proven by the first‐principles calculations and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. The formation of tiny nanoscrystals (<2 nm) and clusters tends to maximize the surface of NbN to interact with polysulfides and enable the effective catalysis over the sulfur‐involved reactions. The higher exchange current density and Li+ diffusion coefficient of NbN@NC/PP cells experimentally verify that the introduction of NbN indeed catalytically accelerates the reaction kinetics. On the other hand, the performance of Li//Li symmetric cells demonstrates that the NbN@NC modifier layer can well induce homogeneous lithium deposition. This work confirms the application potential of NbN in lithium–sulfur batteries and encourages the exploration of prospective nitrides to engineer high performance next‐generation batteries.
Polarization Sensitive Solar‐Blind Ultraviolet Photodetectors Based on Ultrawide Bandgap KNb3O8 Nanobelt with Fringe‐Like Atomic Lattice
Authors: Ping Yue , Long Haoran , Liu Hui , Chen Chao , Zhang Nannan , Jing Hongmei , Lu Jiangbo , Zhao Yiwei , Yang Zimeng , Li Wei , Ma Fei , Fang Xiaosheng , Wei Zhongming , Xu Hua
Published: January 2022

Low‐dimensional ultrawide bandgap semiconductors demonstrate great potential in fabricating solar‐blind ultraviolet photodetectors. However, the widespread use of detectors is still limited by the low responsivity, large noise, and dark current, and especially few detectors can fulfill the solar‐blind ultraviolet detection and the polarization dependence simultaneously. Herein, a polarization sensitive solar‐blind ultraviolet photodetector based on ultrathin KNb3O8 nanobelts synthesized via chemical vapor deposition growth, is reported. By selecting suitable substrate and tuning the growth temperature, the nonlayered KNb3O8 crystal is grown into the quasi‐1D ultrathin nanobelt with thickness in the range of 4.8–120 nm. Density functional theory calculations and experimental results indicate that the ultrathin KNb3O8 nanobelt possesses an ultrawide bandgap (4.15 eV) as well as unusual in‐plane structural anisotropy. Benefiting from the above features, the ultrathin KNb3O8 nanobelt‐based device exhibits superior photodetection performances with high responsivity (30 A W−1), high detectivity (5.95 × 1011 Jones), and ultralow dark current (7.1 × 10−15 A) in the solar‐blind ultraviolet region (230–280 nm). In addition, the KNb3O8 photodetector displays strong polarization sensitive photoresponse with a linear dichroic ratio of 1.62 at 254 nm. With these remarkable features, the ultrathin KNb3O8 nanobelt provides great opportunities for designing the next‐generation multifunctional solar‐blind ultraviolet optoelectronic devices.