bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The acute effect of fasted exercise on energy intake, energy expenditure, subjective hunger and gastrointestinal hormone release compared to fed exercise in healthy individuals: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Frampton James , Edinburgh Robert M. , Ogden Henry B. , Gonzalez Javier T. , Chambers Edward S.
Published: November 2021

Objective

To determine the acute effect of fasted and fed exercise on energy intake, energy expenditure, subjective hunger and gastrointestinal hormone release.

Methods

CENTRAL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched to identify randomised, crossover studies in healthy individuals that compared the following interventions: (i) fasted exercise with a standardised post-exercise meal [FastEx + Meal], (ii) fasted exercise without a standardised post-exercise meal [FastEx + NoMeal], (iii) fed exercise with a standardised post-exercise meal [FedEx + Meal], (iv) fed exercise without a standardised post-exercise meal [FedEx + NoMeal]. Studies must have measured ad libitum meal energy intake, within-lab energy intake, 24-h energy intake, energy expenditure, subjective hunger, acyl-ghrelin, peptide YY, and/or glucagon-like peptide 1. Random-effect network meta-analyses were performed for outcomes containing ≥5 studies.

Results

17 published articles (23 studies) were identified. Ad libitum meal energy intake was significantly lower during FedEx + Meal compared to FedEx + NoMeal (MD: −489 kJ; 95% CI, −898 to −80 kJ; P = 0.019). Within-lab energy intake was significantly lower during FastEx + NoMeal compared to FedEx + NoMeal (MD: −1326 kJ; 95% CI, −2102 to −550 kJ; P = 0.001). Similarly, 24-h energy intake following FastEx + NoMeal was significantly lower than FedEx + NoMeal (MD: −2095 kJ; 95% CI, −3910 kJ to −280 kJ; P = 0.024). Energy expenditure was however significantly lower during FastEx + NoMeal compared to FedEx+NoMeal (MD: −0.67 kJ/min; 95% CI, −1.10 to −0.23 kJ/min; P = 0.003). Subjective hunger was significantly higher during FastEx + Meal (MD: 13 mm; 95% CI, 5–21 mm; P = 0.001) and FastEx + NoMeal (MD: 23 mm; 95% CI, 16–30 mm; P < 0.001) compared to FedEx + NoMeal.

Conclusion

FastEx + NoMeal appears to be the most effective strategy to produce a short-term decrease in energy intake, but also results in increased hunger and lowered energy expenditure. Concerns regarding experimental design however lower the confidence in these findings, necessitating future research to rectify these issues when investigating exercise meal timing and energy balance.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020208041.

Key points

Fed exercise with a standardised post-exercise meal resulted in the lowest energy intake at the ad libitum meal served following exercise completion.

Fasted exercise without a standardised post-exercise meal resulted in the lowest within-lab and 24-h energy intake, but also produced the lowest energy expenditure and highest hunger.

Methodological issues lower the confidence in these findings and necessitate future work to address identified problems
A unique role of p53 haploinsufficiency or loss in the development of acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3-ITD mutation
Authors: Yang Min , Pan Zengkai , Huang Kezhi , Büsche Guntram , Liu Hongyun , Göhring Gudrun , Rumpel Regina , Dittrich-Breiholz Oliver , Talbot Steven , Scherr Michaela , Chaturvedi Anuhar , Eder Matthias , Skokowa Julia , Zhou Jianfeng , Welte Karl , von Neuhoff Nils , Liu Ligen , Ganser Arnold , Li Zhixiong
Published: November 2021

With an incidence of ~50%, the absence or reduced protein level of p53 is much more common than TP53 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML with FLT3-ITD (internal tandem duplication) mutations has an unfavorable prognosis and is highly associated with wt-p53 dysfunction. While TP53 mutation in the presence of FLT3-ITD does not induce AML in mice, it is not clear whether p53 haploinsufficiency or loss cooperates with FLT3-ITD in the induction of AML. Here, we generated FLT3-ITD knock-in; p53 knockout (heterozygous and homozygous) double-transgenic mice and found that both alterations strongly cooperated in the induction of cytogenetically normal AML without increasing the self-renewal potential. At the molecular level, we found the strong upregulation of Htra3 and the downregulation of Lin28a, leading to enhanced proliferation and the inhibition of apoptosis and differentiation. The co-occurrence of Htra3 overexpression and Lin28a knockdown, in the presence of FLT3-ITD, induced AML with similar morphology as leukemic cells from double-transgenic mice. These leukemic cells were highly sensitive to the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib. Carfilzomib strongly enhanced the activity of targeting AXL (upstream of FLT3) against murine and human leukemic cells. Our results unravel a unique role of p53 haploinsufficiency or loss in the development of FLT3-ITD + AML.
Progress of shrink polymer micro- and nanomanufacturing
Authors: He Wenzheng , Ye Xiongying , Cui Tianhong
Published: November 2021

Traditional lithography plays a significant role in the fabrication of micro- and nanostructures. Nevertheless, the fabrication process still suffers from the limitations of manufacturing devices with a high aspect ratio or three-dimensional structure. Recent findings have revealed that shrink polymers attain a certain potential in micro- and nanostructure manufacturing. This technique, denoted as heat-induced shrink lithography, exhibits inherent merits, including an improved fabrication resolution by shrinking, controllable shrinkage behavior, and surface wrinkles, and an efficient fabrication process. These merits unfold new avenues, compensating for the shortcomings of traditional technologies. Manufacturing using shrink polymers is investigated in regard to its mechanism and applications. This review classifies typical applications of shrink polymers in micro- and nanostructures into the size-contraction feature and surface wrinkles. Additionally, corresponding shrinkage mechanisms and models for shrinkage, and wrinkle parameter control are examined. Regarding the size-contraction feature, this paper summarizes the progress on high-aspect-ratio devices, microchannels, self-folding structures, optical antenna arrays, and nanowires. Regarding surface wrinkles, this paper evaluates the development of wearable sensors, electrochemical sensors, energy-conversion technology, cell-alignment structures, and antibacterial surfaces. Finally, the limitations and prospects of shrink lithography are analyzed.
miR-497-5p/SALL4 axis promotes stemness phenotype of choriocarcinoma and forms a feedback loop with DNMT-mediated epigenetic regulation
Authors: Peng Zheng , Zhang Yi , Shi Dazun , Jia Yanyan , Shi Huirong , Liu Huining
Published: November 2021

Choriocarcinoma stem-like cells (CSLCs) might be at the origin of choriocarcinoma development associated with drug resistance or relapse. Spalt-like transcription factor 4 (SALL4), which is considered to be a stemness-related gene, can be regulated by miRNAs. In this study, SALL4 result is associated with progression-free survival of choriocarcinoma patients and CSLC’s stemness characteristics. In addition, it could be downregulated by miR-497-5p by direct binding. miR-497-5p silencing by hypermethylation promoted malignant CSLC phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, increased DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) by SALL4 upregulation inhibited miR-497-5p expression via hypermethylation promotion. SALL4 appeared to be a key factor in promoting stemness phenotype of choriocarcinoma. Silencing miR-497-5p and SALL4 promotes choriocarcinoma progression and forms a feedback loop with DNMT-mediated epigenetic regulation, playing a crucial role in stemness maintenance in choriocarcinoma.
Single-cell RNA transcriptome reveals the intra-tumoral heterogeneity and regulators underlying tumor progression in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xu Qianhui , Chen Shaohuai , Hu Yuanbo , Huang Wen
Published: November 2021

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most frequent and aggressive pancreatic tumor characterized by high metastatic risk and special tumor microenvironment. To comprehensively delineate the complex intra-tumoral heterogeneity and the underlying mechanism during metastatic lesions malignant progression, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was employed. PCA and TSNE were used for dimensionality reduction analysis and cell clustering. Find All Markers function was used to calculate differential genes in each cluster, and Do Heatmap function was used to plot the distribution of differential genes in each cluster. GSVA was employed to assign pathway activity estimates to individual cells. Lineage trajectory progression was inferred by monocle. CNV status was inferred to compare the heterogeneity among patients and subtypes by infercnv. Ligand-receptor interactions were identified by CellPhoneDB, and regulons network of cells was analyzed by SCENIC. Through RNA-sequencing of 6236 individual cells from 5 liver metastatic PDAC lesions, 10 major cell clusters are identified by using unbiased clustering analysis of expression profiling and well-known cell markers. Cells with high CNV level were considered as malignant cells and pathway analyses were carried out to highlight intratumor heterogeneity in PDAC. Pseudotime trajectory analysis revealed that components of multiple tumor-related pathways and transcription factors (TFs) were differentially expressed along PDAC progression. The complex cellular communication suggested potential immunotherapeutic targets in PDAC. Regulon network identified multiple candidates for promising cell-specific transcriptional factors. Finally, metastatic-related genes expression levels and signaling pathways were validated in bulk RNA Sequencing data. This study contributed a comprehensive single-cell transcriptome atlas and contributed into novel insight of intratumor heterogeneity and molecular mechanism in metastatic PDAC.
Cold-induced Arabidopsis FRIGIDA nuclear condensates for FLC repression
Authors: Zhu Pan , Lister Clare , Dean Caroline
Published: November 2021

Plants use seasonal temperature cues to time the transition to reproduction. In Arabidopsis thaliana, winter cold epigenetically silences the floral repressor locus FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) through POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX 2 (PRC2)1. This vernalization process aligns flowering with spring. A prerequisite for silencing is transcriptional downregulation of FLC, but how this occurs in the fluctuating temperature regimes of autumn is unknown2–4. Transcriptional repression correlates with decreased local levels of histone H3 trimethylation at K36 (H3K36me3) and H3 trimethylation at K4 (H3K4me3)5,6, which are deposited during FRIGIDA (FRI)-dependent activation of FLC7–10. Here we show that cold rapidly promotes the formation of FRI nuclear condensates that do not colocalize with an active FLC locus. This correlates with reduced FRI occupancy at the FLC promoter and FLC repression. Warm temperature spikes reverse this process, buffering FLC shutdown to prevent premature flowering. The accumulation of condensates in the cold is affected by specific co-transcriptional regulators and cold induction of a specific isoform of the antisense RNA COOLAIR5,11. Our work describes the dynamic partitioning of a transcriptional activator conferring plasticity in response to natural temperature fluctuations, thus enabling plants to effectively monitor seasonal progression.
B cell-derived GABA elicits IL-10+ macrophages to limit anti-tumour immunity
Authors: Zhang Baihao , Vogelzang Alexis , Miyajima Michio , Sugiura Yuki , Wu Yibo , Chamoto Kenji , Nakano Rei , Hatae Ryusuke , Menzies Rosemary J. , Sonomura Kazuhiro , Hojo Nozomi , Ogawa Taisaku , Kobayashi Wakana , Tsutsui Yumi , Yamamoto Sachiko , Maruya Mikako , Narushima Seiko , Suzuki Keiichiro , Sugiya Hiroshi , Murakami Kosaku , Hashimoto Motomu , Ueno Hideki , Kobayashi Takashi , Ito Katsuhiro , Hirano Tomoko , Shiroguchi Katsuyuki , Matsuda Fumihiko , Suematsu Makoto , Honjo Tasuku , Fagarasan Sidonia
Published: November 2021

Small, soluble metabolites not only are essential intermediates in intracellular biochemical processes, but can also influence neighbouring cells when released into the extracellular milieu1–3. Here we identify the metabolite and neurotransmitter GABA as a candidate signalling molecule synthesized and secreted by activated B cells and plasma cells. We show that B cell-derived GABA promotes monocyte differentiation into anti-inflammatory macrophages that secrete interleukin-10 and inhibit CD8+ T cell killer function. In mice, B cell deficiency or B cell-specific inactivation of the GABA-generating enzyme GAD67 enhances anti-tumour responses. Our study reveals that, in addition to cytokines and membrane proteins, small metabolites derived from B-lineage cells have immunoregulatory functions, which may be pharmaceutical targets allowing fine-tuning of immune responses.
Neural networks can learn to utilize correlated auxiliary noise
Authors: Ahmadzadegan Aida , Simidzija Petar , Li Ming , Kempf Achim
Published: November 2021

We demonstrate that neural networks that process noisy data can learn to exploit, when available, access to auxiliary noise that is correlated with the noise on the data. In effect, the network learns to use the correlated auxiliary noise as an approximate key to decipher its noisy input data. An example of naturally occurring correlated auxiliary noise is the noise due to decoherence. Our results could, therefore, also be of interest, for example, for machine-learned quantum error correction.
Changes in microbial community and enzyme activity in soil under continuous pepper cropping in response to Trichoderma hamatum MHT1134 application
Authors: Mao Tingting , Jiang Xuanli
Published: November 2021

To clarify the control effects of Trichoderma hamatum strain MHT1134 on Fusarium wilt in continuous pepper cropping fields and its regulatory effects on soil microecology, the physical and chemical properties, enzyme activities, community structures of soil samples from five field types were analysed. Samples were taken from fields that had been continuously planted for 1, 5, 9 years, and applied the strain MHT1134 for 1 and 2 years. The MHT1134 control effects on pepper wilt after application 1 year and 2 years were 63.03% and 70.21%, respectively. 4 kinds of physical and chemical indexes and 6 kinds of enzyme activities in soil were increased. With the continuous cropping years increased, the microbial abundance and diversity decreasing significantly. The relative abundances of Fusarium, Gibberella increased along with the planting years, but decreased after the MHT11134 application. However, the relative abundances of Trichoderma and Chaetomium significantly increased. Additionally, as the cropping years increased, the soil abundance of Actinobacteria gradually decreased, but it significantly increased from 17.56 to 22.44% after the MHT1134 application. Thus, strain MHT1134 effectively improved the microbial community structure of the soil, and it also positively affected soil quality. A continuous application may improve the control effect.
Distribution and genome structures of temperate phages in acetic acid bacteria
Authors: Omata Koki , Hibi Naruhiro , Nakano Shigeru , Komoto Shuji , Sato Kazuki , Nunokawa Kei , Amano Shoichi , Ueda Kenji , Takano Hideaki
Published: November 2021

Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are industrial microorganisms used for vinegar fermentation. Herein, we investigated the distribution and genome structures of mitomycin C-inducible temperate phages in AAB. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed phage-like particles in 15 out of a total 177 acetic acid bacterial strains, all of which showed morphology similar to myoviridae-type phage. The complete genome sequences of the six phages derived from three strains each of Acetobacter and Komagataeibacter strains were determined, harboring a genome size ranging from 34,100 to 53,798 bp. A phage AP1 from A. pasteurianus NBRC 109446 was predicted as an active phage based on the genomic information, and actually had the ability to infect its phiAP1-cured strain. The attachment sites for phiAP1 were located in the 3’-end region of the tRNAser gene. We also developed a chromosome-integrative vector, p2096int, based on the integrase function of phiAP1, and it was successfully integrated into the attachment site of the phiAP1-cured strain, which may be used as a valuable tool for the genetic engineering. Overall, this study showed the distribution of mitomycin C-inducible temperate phages in AAB, and identified the active temperate phage o f A. pasteurianus.
Interactions between parasitic helminths and gut microbiota in wild tropical primates from intact and fragmented habitats
Authors: Barelli Claudia , Donati Claudio , Albanese Davide , Pafčo Barbora , Modrý David , Rovero Francesco , Hauffe Heidi C.
Published: November 2021

The mammalian gastrointestinal tract harbours a highly complex ecosystem composed of a variety of micro- (bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoans) and macro-organisms (helminths). Although most microbiota research focuses on the variation of single gut components, the crosstalk between components is still poorly characterized, especially in hosts living under natural conditions. We investigated the gut micro-biodiversity (bacteria, fungi and helminths) of 158 individuals of two wild non-human primates, the Udzungwa red colobus (Procolobus gordonorum) and the yellow baboon (Papio cynocephalus). These species have contrasting diets and lifestyles, but live sympatrically in both human-impacted and pristine forests in the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania. Using non-invasive faecal pellets, helminths were identified using standard microscopy while bacteria and fungi were characterized by sequencing the V1–V3 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and the ITS1–ITS2 fragment for fungi. Our results show that both diversity and composition of bacteria and fungi are associated with variation in helminth presence. Although interactions differed by habitat type, in both primates we found thatStrongyloideswas negatively associated andTrichuriswas positively associated with bacterial and fungal richness. To our knowledge, this is one of the few studies demonstrating an interaction between helminth and gut microbiota communities in wild non-human primates.
Aggregation state of Mycobacterium tuberculosis impacts host immunity and augments pulmonary disease pathology
Authors: Kolloli Afsal , Kumar Ranjeet , Singh Pooja , Narang Anshika , Kaplan Gilla , Sigal Alex , Subbian Selvakumar
Published: November 2021

In vitro phagocytosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) aggregates (Mtb-AG), rather than similar numbers of single bacilli (Mtb-SC), induces host macrophage death and favors bacterial growth. Here, we examined whether aggregation contributes to enhanced Mtb pathogenicity in vivo in rabbit lungs. Rabbits were exposed to infectious aerosols containing mainly Mtb-AG or Mtb-SC. The lung bacterial load, systemic immune response, histology, and immune cell composition were investigated over time. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis, cellular and tissue-level assays, and immunofluorescent imaging were performed on lung tissue to define and compare immune activation and pathogenesis between Mtb-AG and Mtb-SC infection. Lung bacillary loads, disease scores, lesion size, and structure were significantly higher in Mtb-AG than Mtb-SC infected animals. Differences in immune cell distribution and activation were noted in the lungs of the two groups of infected animals. Consistently larger lung granulomas with large aggregates of Mtb, extensive necrotic foci, and elevated matrix metalloproteases expression were observed in Mtb-AG infected rabbits. Our findings suggest that bacillary aggregation increases Mtb fitness for improved growth and accelerates lung inflammation and infected host cell death, thereby exacerbating disease pathology in the lungs.
Heterometallic Al6Zn12 nano-plate with π-conjugated ligand: synthesis and nonlinear absorption properties
Authors: Wang San-Tai , Liu Chen-Hui , Zheng Chan , Li De-Jing , Fang Wei-Hui , Zhang Jian
Published: November 2021

Presented herein is the synthesis of a heterometallic hybrid compound used as a candidate for third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials.
Prediction of bimetal embedded in two-dimensional materials for CO2reduction electrocatalysis with a new integrated descriptor
Authors: Cao Xin , Chen Chongyang , Min Yuxiang , Yuan Hao , Chen Shiqian , Xu Lai
Published: November 2021

We constructed bimetal atom decorated β12-borophene for CO2reduction. Through LASSO regression, the descriptors are obtained, with spin moment and valence electron number being the main features.
Profiling MAP kinase cysteines for targeted covalent inhibitor design
Authors: Liu Ruibin , Verma Neha , Henderson Jack A. , Zhan Shaoqi , Shen Jana
Published: November 2021

The knowledge of reactive cysteine locations is valuable for targeted covalent inhibitor design. Here we used an advanced molecular simulation tool to assess and rationalize the cysteine reactivities for all 14 MAP kinases.
Design, synthesis, structural analysis and quantum chemical insight into the molecular structure of coumarin derivatives
Authors: Burudeghatta Sundaramurthy Chethan , Kesthur Nataraju Chethan Prathap , Krishnappagowda Lokanath Neratur
Published: November 2021

Seven novel coumarin derivatives were synthesized and the selection of suitable functional groups does the tailoring of the supramolecular synthons. The theoretical studies substantiated the structural analysis results.
Identification of disease-associated microRNA in a diet-induced model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Bissoondial Tyler L. , Pellicano Anthony J. , Goldberg Itzhak D. , Narayan Prakash
Published: November 2021

miRs that align with clinically relevant variables, such as liver function tests and liver scarring, were identified from livers with diet-induced NASH. Targeting these miRs could lead to a much needed therapeutic success in the NASH industry.
Molten salt strategy and plasma technology induced MnO2 with oxygen vacancy for high performance Zn-ion batteries
Authors: Shao Fuqiang , Li Shuke , Xu Yanchao , Jiao Yang , Chen Jianrong
Published: November 2021

The oxygen vacancy-rich MnO2 was synthesized by the molten salt method and the plasma etching strategy. The amorphous layer increased the active sites and the oxygen vacancies on the surface of MnO2 that promoted the rapid transfer of charges.
pH-influenced handedness inversion of circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Jiang Pan , Liu Wei , Li Yi , Li Baozong , Yang Yonggang
Published: November 2021

Supramolecular co-assemblies between tolane-derived Phe–Phe dipeptides and 1,2-diaminoethane were fabricated, and CPL handedness inversion was achieved by regulating the pH value.
Encapsulation of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) at the single-particle level: strategies and properties
Authors: Zhong Qixuan , Cao Muhan , Zhang Qiao
Published: November 2021

In this minireview, single-particle-level coated APbX3 NCs are introduced, mainly including their preparations and properties.
Multimodal fluorescently labeled polymer-coated GdF3nanoparticles inhibit degranulation in mast cells
Authors: Shapoval Oleksandr , Sulimenko Vadym , Klebanovych Anastasiya , Rabyk Mariia , Shapoval Pavlo , Kaman Ondřej , Rydvalová Eliška , Filipová Marcela , Dráberová Eduarda , Dráber Pavel , Horák Daniel
Published: November 2021

Multimodal gadolinium fluoride nanoparticles belong to potential contrast agents useful for bimodal optical fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging.
Boosting the K+-adsorption capacity in edge-nitrogen doped hierarchically porous carbon spheres for ultrastable potassium ion battery anodes
Authors: Xu Yang , Sun Xinpeng , Li Zhiqiang , Wei Lingzhi , Yao Ge , Niu Heling , Yang Yang , Zheng Fangcai , Chen Qianwang
Published: November 2021

This work contributes to deeply understand the role of the synergistic effect of edge-nitrogen induced active sites and a hierarchical porous structure on the potassium storage performances of carbon materials.
Recent advances in Cu-catalyzed transformations of internal alkynes to alkenes and heterocycles
Authors: Rasool Javeed Ur , Ali Asif , Ahmad Qazi Naveed
Published: November 2021

Numerous metal-catalyzed reactions involving internal alkynes and aimed towards synthetically and pharmacologically important alkenes and heterocycles have appeared in the literature.
Mechanistic insights into lysine-targeting covalent inhibition through a theoretical study of ester aminolysis
Authors: Fındık Volkan , Ruiz-López Manuel F. , Erdem Safiye Sag
Published: November 2021

Activated phenolic esters are promising as lysine-targeted covalent inhibitors of the PI3Kδ enzyme. Quantum chemical calculations on model reactions provide insights into the reaction mechanisms and factors determining inhibitor efficiency.
Isolated-alkene-linked porous organic polymers (BIT-POPs): facile synthesis via ROMP and distinguishing overlapping signals in solid-state 13C NMR
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Hao , Peng Shan-Qing , Chi Shumeng , Chen Hanyuan , Fan Lei , Liu Yan , Ma Xiaohua , Huang Mu-Hua
Published: November 2021

The chemical structures of novel isolated-alkene-linked porous organic polymers (named BIT-POPs) were investigated through spectral editing techniques based on solid-state NMR.
Development of the first panchromatic BODIPY-based one-component iodonium salts for initiating the photopolymerization processes
Authors: Topa-Skwarczyńska Monika , Galek Mariusz , Jankowska Magdalena , Morlet-Savary Fabrice , Graff Bernadette , Lalevée Jacques , Popielarz Roman , Ortyl Joanna
Published: November 2021

Herein, new iodonium salts based on a 4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indecene (B-1) chromophore have been introduced to 3D printing applications.
Multi-responsive poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl methacrylate)-co-poly(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate) hyperbranched copolymers via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization
Authors: Selianitis Dimitrios , Pispas Stergios
Published: November 2021

Multi-responsive P(OEGMA-co-DIPAEMA) hyperbranched copolymers are synthesized via RAFT polymerization. The copolymers form different aggregates in aqueous media depending on solution pH, temperature and copolymer composition.
A hybrid bioinspired catechol-alloxazine triangular nickel complex stabilizing protons and electrons
Authors: Das Agnideep , Jobelius Hannah , Schleinitz Jules , Gamboa-Ramirez Stefani , Creste Geordie , Kervern Gwendal , Raya Jesus , Le Breton Nolwenn , Guénet Aurélie , Boubegtiten-Fezoua Zahia , Grimaud Laurence , Orio Maylis , Rogez Guillaume , Hellwig Petra , Choua Sylvie , Ferlay Sylvie , Desage-El Murr Marine
Published: November 2021

A new class of redox-active ligands merging catechol and alloxazine structures is reported. A trimetallic triangular complex is formed upon complexation to nickel.
Introducing ytterbium acetate to luminescent CsPbCl3 nanocrystals for enhanced sensitivity of Cu2+ detection
Authors: Wu Xiufeng , Hu Songtao , Shao He , Li Lifang , Chen Wenda , Dong Biao , Xu Lin , Xu Wen , Zhou Donglei , Wu Zhennan , Song Hongwei , Bai Xue
Published: November 2021

The Yb(OAc)3 promoted the formation of CsPbCl3 nanowires (NWs). The NWs exhibited boost in conductivity and the adsorbed AcO− on the surface of NWs enhanced the adsorption capacity of Cu2+, which enabled NWs with high detection sensitivity of Cu2+.
Supramolecular polymerization of electronically complementary linear motifs: anti-cooperativity by attenuated growth
Authors: Dorca Yeray , Naranjo Cristina , Ghosh Goutam , Soberats Bartolomé , Calbo Joaquín , Ortí Enrique , Fernández Gustavo , Sánchez Luis
Published: November 2021

The anti-cooperative supramolecular polymerization of compounds 1 and 2, in which the formation of the nuclei is favoured over the growth of the aggregate, is investigated. Despite this anti-cooperativity 1 and 2 can afford co-assembled aggregates.
Self-shape-transformable 3D tessellated bifacial crystalline Si solar cell module enabling extra energy gain through intervals and an integrated actuator
Authors: Yun Min Ju , Sim Yeon Hyang , Lee Dong Yoon , Cha Seung I.
Published: November 2021

An automated solar trackable and self-shape-transformable three-dimensional (3D) tessellated bifacial module can be used with any curved surface and produce a maximum power output without external assistance.
Fabrication of MgAl LDH@graphene oxide nanohybrids and their effect on the thermal stability and crystallization behavior of polypropylene
Authors: Li Lingtong , Guo Xincheng , Chen Shaopeng , Chen Xiaolang , Qin Jun , Lu Zongcheng
Published: November 2021

The co-precipitation method is used to fabricate layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanohybrids with surface engineering of graphene oxide (GO) by radially grafting borate-LDH (BLDH) to BLDH@GO nanosheets, aiming at improving the surface characteristics and compatibility of LDH with the polymer matrix.
Trapped copper in [6]cycloparaphenylene: a fully-exposed Cu7single cluster for highly active and selective CO electro-reduction
Authors: Liu Yi-Qing , Qiu Zi-Yang , Zhao Xiang , Wang Wei-Wei , Dang Jing-Shuang
Published: November 2021

DFT calculations suggested that the confined space of [6]CPP is ideal to encapsulate copper atoms to form a fully-exposed Cu7cluster which promotes the electro-reduction of CO to produce formaldehyde in a highly active and selective way.
Scalable synthesis of a dual-confined SiO/one-dimensional carbon/amorphous carbon anode based on heterogeneous carbon structure evolution
Authors: Shi Hebang , Shao Guoqiang , Wu Binbin , Yang Zongxian , Zhang Huigang , Lv Pengpeng , Zhu Qingshan
Published: November 2021

The dual-confined structure formed by one-dimensional carbon (1D-C) and amorphous carbon (a-C) can be prepared based on the evolution of heterogeneous carbon morphology, which exhibits great potential for improving the cycling stability of SiO anodes.
Trace gas analysis with laser dispersion spectroscopy
Authors: Weidmann Damien , Kovacich Richard , Gibbs Robert , Williams Oliver , Purser Sophie
Published: November 2021

Trace gas analysis provides a wide range of insights into environmental processes, particularly with regards to global warming and air quality. With the urgent need to identify sources and accurately measure the harmful emissions negatively impacting our planet, Laser Dispersion Spectroscopy (LDS) offers a unique approach. LDS technology measures optical molecular dispersion via a differential phase measurement of light and, operating in the mid-infrared, provides highly sensitive and robust measurements. This enables highly precise, real-time gas measurements even in adverse environmental conditions such as rain, fog, snow or dust. The technology can be used in both extractive and open-path formats, with real-world applications including emissions monitoring on oil and gas sites, measuring the impact of agricultural activities and monitoring carbon capture storage facilities.
Molecular mechanisms of action of stimulant novel psychoactive substances that target the high-affinity transporter for dopamine
Authors: Sahai Michelle A. , Opacka-Juffry Jolanta
Published: November 2021

Drug misuse is a significant social and public health problem worldwide. Misused substances exert their neurobehavioural effects through changing neural signalling within the brain, many of them leading to substance dependence and addiction in the longer term. Among drugs with addictive liability, there are illicit classical stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamine, and their more recently available counterparts known as novel psychoactive substances (NPS). Stimulants normally increase dopamine availability in the brain, including the pathway implicated in reward-related behaviour. This pattern is observed in both animal and human brain. The main biological target of stimulants, both classical and NPS, is the dopamine transporter (DAT) implicated in the dopamine-enhancing effects of these drugs. This article aims at reviewing research on the molecular mechanisms underpinning the interactions between stimulant NPS, such as benzofurans, cathinones or piperidine derivatives and DAT, to achieve a greater understanding of the core phenomena that decide about the addictive potential of stimulant NPS. As the methodology is essential in the process of experimental research in this area, we review the applications of in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches. The latter, including molecular dynamics, attracts the focus of the present review as the method of choice in molecular and atomistic investigations of the mechanisms of addiction of stimulant NPS. Research of this kind is of interest to not only scientists but also health professionals as updated knowledge of NPS, their modes of action and health risks, is needed to tackle the challenges posed by NPS misuse.
Factors Affecting Hearing Aid Adoption by Adults With High-Frequency Hearing Loss: The Beaver Dam Offspring Study
Authors: Weycker Jacqueline M. , Dillard Lauren K. , Pinto Alex , Fischer Mary E. , Cruickshanks Karen J. , Tweed Ted S.
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

Hearing loss (HL) is common among middle-age and older adults, but hearing aid adoption is low. The purpose of this study was to measure the 10-year incidence of hearing aid adoption in a sample of primarily middle-age adults with high-frequency HL and identify factors associated with hearing aid adoption.

Method:

This study included 579 adults (ages 34–80 years) with high-frequency pure-tone average > 25 dB HL (3–8 kHz) enrolled in the Beaver Dam Offspring Study. Hearing aid adoption was measured at 5- and 10-year follow-up examinations. Cox discrete-time proportional hazards models were used to evaluate factors associated with hearing aid adoption (presented as hazards ratios [HRs] and 95% confidence intervals [95% CI]).

Results:

The 10-year cumulative incidence of hearing aid adoption was 14 per 1,000 person years. Factors significantly associated with adoption in a multivariable model were higher education (vs. 16+ years; 0–12: HR: 0.36, 95% CI [0.19, 0.69]; 13–15: HR: 0.52, 95% CI [0.27, 0.98]), worse high-frequency pure-tone average (per +1 dB; HR: 1.04, 95% CI [1.02, 1.06]), self-reported hearing handicap (screening versions of the Hearing Handicap Inventory score > 8; HR: 1.85, 95% CI [1.02, 3.38]), answering yes to “Do friends and relatives think you have a hearing problem?” (HR: 3.18, 95% CI [1.60, 6.33]) and using closed captions (HR: 2.86, 95% CI [1.08, 7.57]). Effects of age and sex were not significant.

Conclusions:

Hearing aid adoption rates were low. Hearing sensitivity, socioeconomic status, and measures of the impact of HL on daily life were associated with adoption. Provider awareness of associated factors can contribute to timely and appropriate intervention.
Mentoring Underrepresented Students in Speech-Language Pathology: Effects of Didactic Training, Leadership Development, and Research Engagement
Authors: Mahendra Nidhi , Kashinath Shubha
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to implement and track the outcomes of a yearlong, structured mentoring program aimed at enhancing the retention and success of underrepresented graduate and undergraduate students in speech-language pathology.

Method:

Student participants were recruited following an open application process and based on meeting eligibility requirements and committing to program completion. The focus of this program was to provide didactic training on leadership development, culturally responsive practice, and research methods used in speech-language pathology. This program emphasized participant needs assessments and goal-setting, access to one-on-one and group mentoring by peers and professionals, and a culminating experience in which participant teams completed a supervised clinical research project or a community outreach and education project.

Results:

Forty-six participants in three cohorts completed the yearlong program in three consecutive years. Positive outcomes included program completion, degree completion, student perceptions of program benefit, completion of innovative community-engaged and research projects, and dissemination of scholarly work.

Conclusion:

Our findings from implementing this program and tracking its outcomes have implications for using innovative, equity-minded, and evidence-based strategies for retaining and mentoring minoritized students in speech-language pathology.
Listeners' Perceptions of Speaker Personality Traits Based on Speech
Authors: Welch Brett , van Mersbergen Miriam R. , Helou Leah B.
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

Voice and speech are rich with information about a speaker's personality and other features of identity. This study seeks to determine the extent to which listeners agree about speakers' social, physical, and personality attributes.

Method:

Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, listeners rated a group of speakers who were unbalanced for sex and personality traits. The second experiment elaborated on the first by ensuring the speaker set was balanced for sex and personality traits. Both experiments played standard speech samples from speakers who provided personality information via the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire–Brief Form. Groups of listeners rated each speaker on the same personality traits and other features of identity. Responses were analyzed for listener agreement.

Results:

For both experiments, listeners showed consistently high levels of agreement on the personality attributes of a speaker. For certain speakers, listener agreement on some personality traits was as high as 92% and 97% in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Furthermore, a range of agreement across personality subscales was observed across speakers such that some were agreed-upon across all personality ratings and others were agreed-upon only for a few personality traits.

Conclusions:

When it comes to judging personality traits and other features of identity, most listeners might not be “correct” about speakers' traits and attributes, but they broadly agree about how the listener sounds. Some speakers send more salient voice and speech cues that drive agreement about their personality, whereas others speak in a manner that precludes consensus.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16906990
Directed hypergraph attention network for traffic forecasting
Authors: Luo Xiaoyi , Peng Jiaheng , Liang Jun
Published: November 2021

In traffic systems, traffic forecasting is a critical issue, which has attracted much interest from researchers. It is a challenging task due to the complex spatial‐temporal patterns of traffic data. Previous works focus on designing complex graph‐based neural networks to model spatial‐temporal dependencies from data. By using graphs to represent road networks, these works capture spatial patterns with graph convolutions. However, graphs cannot fully represent spatial relations from road networks. It limits the performance of graph‐based methods. In this paper, we propose a directed hypergraph neural network architecture, Directed Hypergraph Attention Network(DHAT), for traffic forecasting. Unlike previous works, DHAT introduces a directed hypergraph to represent road networks. Compared with graphs, directed hypergraphs could represent spatial information from graphs and outperform them in modeling complex directed relations among multiple nodes. Based on the directed hypergraph, a directed hypergraph convolution is proposed to exploit spatial relations among traffic series. By combining the proposed convolution and attention mechanisms, DHAT can effectively achieve promising predictions for traffic forecasting. To evaluate the performance of DHAT, we have conducted extensive experiments on four real‐world traffic datasets. Compared with other baselines, experimental results show that DHAT reduces Mean Absolute Error by 0.03–0.64 on these datasets.
A novel quantum algorithm for ant colony optimisation
Authors: Ghosh Mrityunjay , Dey Nivedita , Mitra Debdeep , Chakrabarti Amlan
Published: November 2021

Ant colony optimisation (ACO) is a commonly used meta‐heuristic to solve complex combinatorial optimisation problems like the travelling salesman problem (TSP), vehicle routing problem (VRP) etc. However, classical ACO algorithms provide better optimal solutions but do not reduce computation time overhead to a significant extent. Algorithmic speed‐up can be achieved by using parallelism offered by quantum computing. Existing quantum algorithms to solve ACO are either quantum‐inspired classical algorithms or hybrid quantum‐classical algorithms. Since all these algorithms need the intervention of classical computing, leveraging the true potential of quantum computing on real quantum hardware remains a challenge. This study's main contribution is to propose a fully quantum algorithm to solve ACO, enhancing the quantum information processing toolbox in the fault‐tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) era. We have solved the single source single destination (SSSD) shortest‐path problem using our proposed adaptive quantum circuit for representing the dynamic pheromone‐updating strategy in real IBMQ devices. Our quantum ACO technique can be further used as a quantum ORACLE to solve complex optimisation problems in a fully quantum setup with significant speed up upon the availability of more qubits.
An opportunistic maintenance strategy for wind turbines
Authors: Wang Dameng , Teng Wei , Zhang Gaoshuran , Qu Xiaofeng , Liu Yibing , Ma Zhiyong , Kusiak Andrew
Published: November 2021

Maintenance strategies aim at reduction of the operation and maintenance cost of wind turbines. An opportunistic maintenance strategy offers cost advantages over the traditional preventive replacement maintenance strategy by considering cost dependency among maintenance activities. A new opportunistic maintenance strategy of wind turbines is proposed here. First, the proposed strategy includes two sets of reliability thresholds to handle subassemblies those are in operational and failed wind turbines. Using the reliability thresholds, ten maintenance modes and their service conditions are presented. Second, the Weibull distribution with an age reduction factor is introduced to describe reliability variation of subassemblies under imperfect maintenance. Third, the maintenance cost in each maintenance mode is expressed by a reliability variation‐based function that is dependent on the stage of maintenance activities. Fourth, due to the randomness of failures, the expected total maintenance cost is determined with Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed approach has been validated with the data provided by a wind farm located in Northern China.
Review and prospect on key technologies of hydroelectric‐hydrogen energy storage‐fuel cell multi‐main energy system
Authors: Liu Jiawei , Tang Quan , Li Min , Su Yunche , Li Ting
Published: November 2021

Hydropower engineering is one of the most developed renewable energy generation techniques, which is characterized by high development concentration, large dispatching scale, many power stations, and long transmission distance. However, the unbalanced distribution of hydropower resources and the difficulty of absorbing hydropower lead to a large amount of abandoned water, which causes a large number of economic losses and energy loss in China. The topological structure and principle of the multi‐agent energy system of hydropower, hydrogen storage, and fuel cell are introduced here. The key technologies of the multi‐agent energy system are introduced from three parts: hydrogen production method of electrolysis water, hydrogen storage method, and application aspect of power generation system of solid oxide fuel cell. The main research direction of realizing the multi‐agent energy system of hydroelectric power, hydrogen energy storage, and fuel cell in the future is put forward, which has enlightenment significance for the construction of new power system and the research of realizing the goal of carbon neutral.
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs
Authors: Fuhrmeister B. , Czesla S. , Nagel E. , Reiners A. , Schmitt J. H. M. M. , Jeffers S. V. , Caballero J. A. , Shulyak D. , Johnson E. N. , Zechmeister M. , Montes D. , López-Gallifa Á. , Ribas I. , Quirrenbach A. , Amado P. J. , Galadí-Enríquez D. , Hatzes A. P. , Kürster M. , Danielski C. , Béjar V. J. S. , Kaminski A. , Morales J. C. , Zapatero Osorio M. R.
Published: November 2021

There are several strong K I lines found in the spectra of M dwarfs, among them the doublet near 7700 Å and another doublet near 12 500 Å. We study these optical and near-infrared doublets in a sample of 324 M dwarfs, observed with CARMENES, the high-resolution optical and near-infrared spectrograph at Calar Alto, and investigate how well the lines can be used as photospheric and chromospheric diagnostics. Both doublets have a dominant photospheric component in inactive stars and can be used as tracers of effective temperature and gravity. For variability studies using the optical doublet, we concentrate on the red line component because this is less prone to artefacts from telluric correction in individual spectra. The optical doublet lines are sensitive to activity, especially for M dwarfs later than M5.0 V where the lines develop an emission core. For earlier type M dwarfs, the red component of the optical doublet lines is also correlated with Hα activity. We usually find positive correlation for stars with Hα in emission, while early-type M stars with Hα in absorption show anti-correlation. During flares, the optical doublet lines can exhibit strong fill-in or emission cores for our latest spectral types. On the other hand, the near-infrared doublet lines very rarely show correlation or anti-correlation to Hα and do not change line shape significantly even during the strongest observed flares. Nevertheless, the near-infrared doublet lines show notable resolved Zeeman splitting for about 20 active stars which allows to estimate the magnetic fields B.
The Upper Paralimbal Zone is Especially Susceptible to Ruptures Due to Blunt Trauma
Authors: Osterried Lea , Gruber Markus , Böhringer Daniel , Agostini Hansjürgen , Reinhard Thomas
Published: November 2021

Background Globe ruptures are ophthalmological emergencies where the primary diagnosis using a slit lamp is often a challenge.

Objectives The retrospective case study aimed to characterise the predilection sites, the demographic profile and the causes of bursts due to blunt globe trauma.

Materials and Methods The surgical plan of the Eye Centre of the Medical Centre (University of Freiburg) was electronically searched using the keyword “globe rupture” over a period
of 18 years (2000 – 2018). This led to 350 hits, which were scrutinised by hand. 134 globe ruptures due to blunt globe trauma were then identified.

Results The most common predilection sites were the upper nasal and the upper temporal paralimbal zones with 37 and 32% of the examined globe ruptures, respectively. The average age
at the time of rupture was 60 (from 2 to 97) years. The median age was 62.5 years. 37% (49/134) of patients were female. The most frequent causes of accidents were falls (43%), “flying”
wooden and metal objects (18%) and acts of violence (10%).

Conclusions Special attention should be paid to the upper paralimbal zone in the exploratory primary care of globe ruptures. If the rupture occurred due to “flying” wooden and metal
objects, the posterior sclera burst most frequently. The epidemiological data suggest that targeted prevention against falls for individuals over 60 years and consistent wearing of
protective eyewear when working with wood or metal could reduce the incidence of bulbar bursting. It was also noticeable that acts of violence were the third most frequent cause of rupture,
although woman did not report that they were affected by this. Given the high occurrence of violence against women, shame and stigma may lead to an incorrect inquiry about the cause of the
accident. This could be mitigated by training employees specifically to take a sensitive history.