bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Remote Intradural Migration of Polyethylene Glycol-Based Hydrogel Sealant Following Lumbar Laminectomy: A Case Report
Authors: Obeng-Gyasi Barnabas , Line Trenton A. , Brown Whitney , Chinthala Anoop S. , Kussow Nathan J. , Mao Gordon
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Synthetic polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based hydrogel sealants, such as Adherus, are commonly used in spinal surgeries to achieve watertight dural closure and prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. This case report describes an unusual instance of suspected hydrogel sealant migration resulting in an intradural collection at a spinal level remote from the original surgery. Methods: A 57-year-old female with a history of osteoarthritis and prediabetes underwent a minimally invasive L5-S1 laminectomy for the removal of an epidural abscess causing cauda equina and S1 nerve root compression. During the procedure, a dural puncture occurred, which was repaired using Duragen (collagen matrix) and Adherus (synthetic PEG hydrogel sealant). Postoperatively, the patient developed urinary retention and new bilateral posterior leg pain. An MRI on postoperative day four revealed a new peripherally enhancing dorsal intradural collection at the L2 level, causing significant thecal sac narrowing and compression of the cauda equina nerve roots, suggestive of migration of the hydrogel sealant used during surgery. Conservative management was adopted. Results: The patients symptoms gradually resolved. Follow-up imaging at five months showed resolution of the intradural collection, with residual intradural inflammatory changes and arachnoiditis. Conclusions: While PEG-based hydrogel sealants like Adherus are effective in preventing CSF leaks, they can, in rare instances, migrate and cause remote intradural collections with neurological symptoms. Surgeons should exercise meticulous application techniques, thoroughly document the use of sealants, and maintain vigilant postoperative monitoring to mitigate these risks.
Chronic Kidney Disease Requiring Hemodialysis as a Significant Predictor of Target Lesion Revascularization After Endovascular Treatment of Femoropopliteal Occlusive Lesions with a Drug-Coated Balloon
Authors: Ichinose Tsuyoshi , Kudo Toshifumi , Yamamoto Yohei
Published: February 2025

Background: Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) have been reported to have lowered the rate of restenosis and revascularization after endovascular treatment (EVT) of femoropopliteal (FP) lesions. Meanwhile, chronic kidney disease requiring hemodialysis (HD), which is becoming more prevalent in Japanese clinical settings, has been associated with poorer outcomes after EVT for FP lesions. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the impact of HD on the outcomes of EVT using a DCB in a single center. Methods: This study included 161 consecutive FP lesions in 127 patients treated with a DCB between September 2018 and May 2023, stratified into HD (34.6%) and non-HD (65.4%) groups. The primary endpoint was clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CDTLR), and the secondary endpoints were major amputation and all-cause mortality. Results: The median observation period after EVT using a DCB was 336 days. Although a Rutherford’s category of 4 or higher was significantly predominant in the HD group (82.3%) than the non-HD group (53.5%), a Rutherford’s category of 4 or higher itself was not a statistically significant factor of the primary endpoint. The ratio of occluded lesion was significantly higher in the non-HD group (21.2%) than the HD group (8.1%). The duration of freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CDTLR) assessed via the Kaplan–Meier method was significantly shorter in the HD group (744 days) compared to the non-HD group (1533 days). The HD group had a higher incidence of CDTLR (odds ratio 4.48, p = 0.03) compared to the non-HD group. Conclusions: HD patients had significantly worse prognoses in EVT of FP lesions using a DCB.
Sleep Disturbance and Perimenopause: A Narrative Review
Authors: Troìa Libera , Garassino Martina , Volpicelli Agnese Immacolata , Fornara Arianna , Libretti Alessandro , Surico Daniela , Remorgida Valentino
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Perimenopause, impacting 80–90% of women, encompasses a range of vasomotor, urogenital, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms associated with the fluctuation and gradual reduction of gonadal hormones. Moreover, the onset or worsening of sleep disturbances is prevalent during the menopausal transition. This narrative review seeks to elucidate the pathogenetic processes behind sleep disturbances during perimenopause and the main therapeutic options. Methods: The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Embase were queried for publications up to May 2024. Longitudinal, observational, case–control, and cross-sectional studies, as well as reviews and meta-analyses, were included in the review in order to explore the prevalence of sleep disorders during perimenopause, the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the association between menopausal transition and sleep disorders, and the available non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment options. Results: Sleep disturbances are common among perimenopausal women and include insomnia, sleep-related breathing disorders, and movement disorders. Fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone affect sleep quality, while vasomotor symptoms can disrupt sleep. Circadian changes, decreased melatonin production, and physiological changes associated with aging and mood disorders further exacerbate sleep disturbances. Conclusions: Managing sleep disorders in perimenopause requires an individualized approach, considering the multifactorial nature of these disturbances and providing background knowledge about the relationship between reproductive hormonal changes and sleep. Non-pharmacological treatments should be considered the first-line therapy; hormone therapy or non-hormonal pharmacological treatments can be considered according to the patients’ specific needs and risk factors. However, there is still a lack of standards on the appropriate management and treatment of sleep disorders in perimenopause.
Factors Affecting the Unconscious Bias of Healthcare Professionals in Obesity Care
Authors: Makuc Jana , Ogrič Lapajne Ana , Hvalec Špela , Jensterle Mojca , Janež Andrej
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: To assess the factors affecting the unconscious bias of healthcare professionals (HCPs) in obesity care. Methods: A cross-sectional, non-interventional, descriptive study collecting data via an online survey system was distributed via e-mail to 11,597 members of the Medical Chamber of Slovenia. Physicians were assigned into six HCP categories: (junior) resident physicians, primary care physicians (PCPs), internal medicine specialists, surgeons, dentists, and others. The online questionnaire was active for two weeks. Results: A total of 1248 physicians opened the survey link (10.8% response rate). Of the 898 physicians that engaged in the survey, 789 fully completed the questionnaire. Out of those physicians, 93.6% agreed that obesity is a disease, 83.7% were familiar with the definition, and 75.5% of HCPs were professionally interested in the subject. Overall, 39% of HCPs use the ICD obesity code, primarily primary care physicians and specialists in internal medicine. Notably, 82.0% of HCPs identified lifestyle change as the most effective intervention and believed that patients could lose weight with a serious attempt at a lifestyle change. This belief was particularly supported by male HCPs and HCPs under 40 years of age, who felt that patients were entirely responsible for their weight. The unconscious bias decreased with an increase in the HCPs’ body mass index (BMI), but at the same time, physicians with a higher BMI found obesity to be less important than other diseases (p = 0.036). Using composite answers, we found that the unconscious bias of HCPs toward obesity and effective obesity care was significantly related to gender (p = 0.017), age (p < 0.001), and BMI (p = 0.005), and was independent of an area of expertise. Conclusions: HCPs’ area of expertise impacted their professional standpoint (suggesting conscious bias), whereas male gender, a younger age, and a lower BMI affected unconscious bias toward obesity and its effective care. Despite their limitations, including the self-reported nature of the data, our findings can help to individualize educational strategies and create a more equitable environment in obesity healthcare.
Low Serum and Urine Fetuin-A Levels and High Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index as Risk Factors for Kidney Stone Formation
Authors: Icer Mehmet Arif , Koçak Tevfik , Icer Yusuf , Kocyigit Emine , Ağagündüz Duygu , Gezmen-Karadag Makbule , Yesil Suleyman , Budán Ferenc
Published: February 2025

Background: Fetuin-A prevents the precipitation of hydroxyapatite in supersaturated solutions of calcium and phosphate; however, its relationship with nephrolithiasis has yet to be clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective and predictive roles of serum and urine fetuin-A levels in nephrolithiasis and their relationships with the composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI). Methods: This study involved 75 adult patients with kidney stone disease and 71 healthy adults without kidney stone disease in the control group. Participants had specific anthropometric measurements taken, and three-day food records were kept. The CDAI was calculated by summing six standard antioxidants, including vitamins A, C, and E, manganese, selenium, and zinc, representing participants’ antioxidant profile. In addition to some analyzed serum and urine parameters of the participants, fetuin-A levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results: In patients with kidney stones, both serum and urine fetuin-A levels (676.3 ± 160.14 ng/mL; 166.6 ± 128.13 ng/mL, respectively) were lower than in the control group (1455.6 ± 420.52 ng/mL; 2267.5 ± 1536.78 ng/mL, respectively) (p < 0.00001). In contrast, the CDAI was higher in patients with kidney stones compared to those without kidney stones (p < 0.001). Besides, several dietary parameters had significant positive correlations with serum and/or urinary fetuin-A. Conclusions: The present study suggests that serum and urinary fetuin-A levels may serve as protective factors against kidney stones and could potentially be used as predictive markers for the development of nephrolithiasis. Furthermore, our results suggest that the CDAI above a certain level may increase the risk of stone formation and that some dietary parameters may affect the levels of this biomarker in serum and urine.
Telomeropathies in Interstitial Lung Disease and Lung Transplant Recipients
Authors: Southern Brian D. , Gadre Shruti K.
Published: February 2025

Telomeropathies, or telomere biology disorders (TBDs), are syndromes that can cause a number of medical conditions, including interstitial lung disease (ILD), bone marrow failure, liver fibrosis, and other diseases. They occur due to genetic mutations to the telomerase complex enzymes that result in premature shortening of telomeres, the caps on the ends of cellular DNA that protect chromosome length during cell division, leading to early cell senescence and death. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common manifestation of the telomere biology disorders, although it has been described in other interstitial lung diseases as well, such as rheumatoid arthritis-associated ILD and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Telomere-related mutations can be inherited or can occur sporadically. Identifying these patients and offering genetic counseling is important because telomerapathies have been associated with poorer outcomes including death, lung transplantation, hospitalization, and FVC decline. Additionally, treatment with immunosuppressants has been shown to be associated with worse outcomes. Currently, there is no specific treatment for TBD except to transplant the organ that is failing, although there are a number of promising treatment strategies currently under investigation. Shortened telomere length is routinely discovered in patients undergoing lung transplantation for IPF. Testing to detect early TBD in patients with suggestive signs or symptoms can allow for more comprehensive treatment and multidisciplinary care pre- and post-transplant. Patients with TBD undergoing lung transplantation have been reported to have both pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications at a higher frequency than other lung transplant recipients, such as graft-specific complications, increased infections, and complications related to immunosuppressive therapy.
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Patients with Cardiogenic Shock: Results from the Rescue Registry
Authors: Lim Chewan , Chung Young Hak , Ahn Chul-Min , Cho Sungsoo , Yang Jeong Hoon , Kang Tae Soo , Lee Sang-Hyup , Lee Yong-Joon , Lee Seung-Jun , Hong Sung-Jin , Kim Jung-Sun , Kim Byeong-Keuk , Ko Young-Guk , Choi Donghoon , Gwon Hyeon-Cheol , Hong Myeong-Ki , Jang Yangsoo
Published: February 2025

Background: Cardiogenic shock (CS) frequently leads to multiorgan failure, often necessitating continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We evaluated the association between CRRT, ECMO, and its prognostic implication in patients with CS. Methods: A total of 1247 patients with CS were enrolled from the RESCUE (Retrospective and Prospective Observational Study to Investigate Clinical Outcomes and Efficacy of Left Ventricular Assist Device for Korean Patients with Cardiogenic Shock) registry between January 2014 and December 2018. The primary outcomes, including the 72 h and 30-day all-cause mortality rates, were analyzed in relation to the use of ECMO and CRRT among CS patients. Results: Among 751 non-ECMO patients, 90 (12%) underwent CRRT, while among 496 ECMO patients, 195 (39.3%) underwent CRRT. Overall, CRRT was associated with higher 30-day mortality. However, among ECMO patients, CRRT was linked to lower 72 h mortality (19.6% versus 12.3%; p = 0.045). Multivariate analysis showed that CRRT reduced 72 h mortality in ECMO patients (hazard ratio: 0.44; 95% confidence interval: 0.21–0.91; p = 0.027). Independent predictors for CRRT included an estimated GFR < 44 mL/min/1.73 m2, mechanical ventilation, ECMO use, IABP use, and increased lactate. Conclusions: CS patients receiving CRRT had higher 30-day mortality. Nonetheless, CRRT administration was more common in ECMO patients, potentially improving early in-hospital clinical outcomes.
Relationship Between Serum Levels of Pancreatic Exocrine Enzymes on Admission and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Hiki Masaru , Kasai Takatoshi , Sato Akihiro , Ishiwata Sayaki , Yatsu Shoichiro , Shitara Jun , Matsumoto Hiroki , Shimizu Megumi , Murata Azusa , Kato Takao , Suda Shoko , Iwata Hiroshi , Daida Hiroyuki
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Heart failure (HF) can damage organs because of poor perfusion and/or congestion. The interactions between HF and other organs have recently been studied; however, data on the interaction between HF and pancreatic exocrine function, which may affect fat and protein absorption and malnutrition, are scarce. We previously showed that the serum levels of pancreatic exocrine enzymes, as suggestive of pancreatic exocrine function, were low and associated with malnutrition or congestion in hospitalized patients with acute decompensated HF (ADHF). This study investigated the relationship between the serum levels of pancreatic exocrine enzymes and long-term outcomes in patients with ADHF. Methods: We collected serum levels of pancreatic exocrine enzymes (amylase and lipase) from patients who were admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit due to ADHF. Patients undergoing dialysis and those with neoplasms were excluded. Patients were categorized as having high or low pancreatic exocrine enzyme levels in the first quartile upon admission. The association between low serum pancreatic exocrine enzyme levels at admission and the composite of death and ADHF readmission was assessed. Results: Of the 146 patients, 37 (25.3%) and 36 (24.7%) had low amylase and lipase levels, respectively. Patients with low lipase levels showed worse cumulative event-free survival than those with high lipase levels (p < 0.001). A low lipase level was associated with worse outcomes (hazard ratio: 1.96; p = 0.012). Conclusions: These findings suggest that low serum lipase levels may be a predictor of long-term outcomes in patients with ADHF.
Effect of Homoarginine on Coronary Artery Complexity and Atherosclerotic Burden in Patients with STEMI
Authors: Bingöl Gülsüm , Huraıbat Ahmad , Ayduk Gövdeli Elif , Ser Özgür Selim , Ünlü Serkan , Çelik Murat , Bulut Leyla , Özden Özge , Özmen Emre , Kılıçkesmez Kadriye
Published: February 2025

Objective: Homoarginine is a cationic amino acid derived from lysine. Evidence indicates that low-circulating homoarginine concentration is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. A reduction in homoarginine concentrations has been observed in patients with ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure. The SYNTAX score (SS), an angiographic scoring system, defines the grade and complexity of coronary artery disease (CAD). The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between homoarginine level and the severity of CAD according to the SYNTAX score in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: A total of 67 subjects were enrolled into the study with the diagnosis of STEMI of those who underwent coronary angiography. STEMI patients were divided into two groups: low-medium SYNTAX score ≤ 14 (35 patients) and high SYNTAX score > 14 (32 patients). Results: Within the high SS group, serum homoarginine levels were markedly lower (2 ± 0.9 vs. 1.3 ± 0.7; p = 0.001). Homoarginine levels and SS showed a significant negative correlation in entire study cohort In multivariate regression analysis, serum homoarginine levels along with serum urea levels were significantly associated with having higher SS (OR 1.073 p = 0.049 and OR 0.346, p = 0.012, respectively). Conclusions: In conclusion, the diminished plasma homoarginine level emerges as an independent predictor of high atherosclerotic burden among STEMI patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the relationship between homoarginine and coronary artery complexity.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C and Liver Cirrhosis Treated with DAA: A Focused Review
Authors: Bucurica Sandica , Nancoff Andreea-Simona , Marin Raluca Ioana , Preda Carmen Monica
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The issue of HCC recurrence in patients with liver cirrhosis and chronic HCV infection after DAA treatment as well as the issue of de novo HCC in individuals with chronic HCV hepatitis treated with DAA is of great importance. In this review, the two important aspects are discussed and, finally, an algorithm for approaching the patient with HCC and chronic HCV infection is proposed. Methods: A literature search of the two databases (PubMed and Scopus) was conducted using the terms ‘chronic hepatitis C’ and/or ‘liver cirrhosis’ and ‘hepatocellular carcinoma’, from database inception to December 2024. Results: Thirty-one studies have examined the risk of HCC recurrence. Most of these studies conclude that DAA treatment reduces the risk of HCC recurrence compared to patients who did not receive DAA. There are considerable differences across various world regions. These variations may arise from: differences in genotypes, baseline characteristics of the populations, variability in DAA treatment protocols, and differences in follow-up intervals. Eleven studies that investigated the issue of de novo HCC after DAA were reviewed, of which two included historical cohorts of untreated patients. Conclusions: The conclusion is that these patients present a low or equal risk of HCC incidence compared to untreated patients, and the risk factors for HCC are: lower platelet number, impaired liver function, nonresponse to DAA. Most patients with chronic hepatitis C and HCC should receive DAAs, except for those in BCLC stage D, but we must emphasize that timing of intervention is crucial and it is very important to evaluate possible drug interactions.
Association Between Contrast Sensitivity and Ganglion Cell–Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness After Resolution of Macular Edema Due to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Murakami Tomoya , Okamoto Fumiki , Matsueda Takeshi , Sugiura Yoshimi , Morikawa Shohei , Okamoto Yoshifumi , Hiraoka Takahiro , Oshika Tetsuro
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: We sought to assess the relationship between contrast sensitivity (CS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings, including ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness, in eyes with cystoid macular edema, secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO-CME), treated with intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR). Methods: This prospective study included 44 patients with BRVO-CME who underwent treatment with IVR (three monthly injections and pro re nata) and were followed up for 12 months. We collected data on CS, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and OCT findings (ellipsoid zone [EZ] and external limiting membrane status [ELM], central foveal thickness [CFT], and average GCIPL thickness) at the time of the final visit when macular edema was resolved. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between visual functions and OCT findings, age, and lens status. Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed that lower GCIPL thickness was significantly associated with worse CS (β = 0.008; 95% CI, 0.002–0.014; p = 0.011), whereas this was not the case with BCVA. Lower CFT and mild cataracts were also associated with worse CS (CFT: β = 0.003; 95% CI, 0.001–0.004; p = 0.001; mild cataract: β = −0.182; 95% CI, −0.286–−0.078; p = 0.001) and worse BCVA (CFT: β = −0.002; 95% CI, −0.003–−0.001; p < 0.001; mild cataract: β = 0.079; 95% CI, 0.008–0.150; p = 0.029). Conclusions: GCIPL thickness may serve as a valuable biomarker for CS in eyes with BRVO-CME following IVR treatment.
Descemet Stripping Only for Symptomatic Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy—A Retrospective Case Series Comparing ROCK-I vs. Hypertonic Sodium Chloride for Post-Surgical Adjuvant Therapy
Authors: Cohen Eyal , Din Nizar , Aldrees Sultan , Mimouni Michael , Trinh Tanya , Sorkin Nir , Gouvea Larissa , Chan Clara C. , Slomovic Allan R.
Published: February 2025

Purpose: To report our experience with Descemet stripping only (DSO) for the treatment of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. Methods: Thirteen eyes of 9 patients with symptomatic Fuchs endothelial dystrophy underwent a 4 mm central Descemetorhexis without graft implantation between June 2017 and July 2020. All patients had central confluent guttata, undetectable central endothelial cell count by specular microscopy, and healthy peripheral corneal endothelium. In 6 eyes, the procedure was combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. Eight eyes were treated with topical rho-associated protein kinase (Rock) inhibitors and five eyes were treated with hypertonic sodium chloride 5%, post operatively. Results: All eyes completed at least 4 months of post-operative follow-up (mean follow-up 12.0 ± 7.9 mo; 4–29 mo). Mean patient age was 70 ± 6 years. All eyes achieved corneal clearance with an average time for clearance of 7.2 ± 2.4 weeks. Mean endothelial cell count postoperatively was 778 ± 228. Mean central corneal thicknesses pre- and postoperatively were 620 ± 100 and 560 ± 58 μm, respectively. Eleven eyes achieved improvement in visual acuity and in two eyes vision remained unchanged, with mean visual acuity 0.392 to 0.225 logMAR; p = 0.001. Also, all patients reported subjective improvement in the quality of vision. ROCK inhibitors compared to hypertonic sodium chloride 5% did not show statistically significant differences in time for corneal clearance or endothelial cell counts postoperatively but did show a trend towards faster corneal clearance and higher endothelial cell counts postoperatively among the ROCK inhibitors-treated eyes. Conclusions: In patients with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy and visual degradation secondary to central guttata, DSO represents a viable procedure for visual rehabilitation.
The Antifungal Activity of a Polygalacturonic and Caprylic Acid Ointment in an In Vitro, Three-Dimensional Wound Biofilm Model
Authors: Gerges Bahgat Z. , Rosenblatt Joel , Truong Y-Lan , Jiang Ying , Raad Issam I.
Published: February 2025

Candida colonization and biofilms are significant contributors to impaired wound healing. Consequently, improved treatments are needed to eradicate Candida biofilms in wounds. Wounds present complex biofilm extracellular matrix environments, with microbial cells frequently enmeshed in matrices comprising wound exudate macromolecular gels. We evaluated the ability of a polygalacturonic and caprylic acid (PG + CAP) ointment to eradicate Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and C. auris biofilms in a fibrin gel wound biofilm model of the complex wound biofilm environment. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a disinfecting antimicrobial agent that is widely used as wound irrigant, and this was used as a comparator. A single treatment with PG + CAP reduced the number of viable organisms in the C. albicans and C. glabrata biofilms by over 5 log10, in the C. parapsilosis and C. auris biofilms by over 4 log10, and in the C. tropicalis biofilm by 3.85 log10. PG + CAP was superior (p < 0.01) to HOCl in eradicating all Candida species biofilms, except for C. auris, for which both treatments fully eradicated all viable organisms. The use of HOCl in Candida-colonized wounds should include consideration of the extracellular matrix load in the wound bed. PG + CAP warrants further study in wounds compromised by Candida biofilms.
Enhancing Auditor Judgment Quality: A Review of Evidence from Experimental Research
Authors: Friska Renny , Agustia Dian
Published: February 2025

We review 30 experimental auditing research papers published in four leading accounting and auditing journals from 2001 to 2023 to address three key issues. First, we identify trends in experimental auditing research and find that most studies are published in Behavioral Research in Accounting due to its focus on behavioral and psychological aspects of auditing. Second, to enhance the audit quality, we map this research to the task–person and interpersonal interaction framework. The findings indicate that most studies focus on audit task complexity, individual auditor attributes, and their interactions with stakeholders, addressing factors that influence auditor judgment quality. Third, by analyzing the characteristics of experimental studies, we highlight the evolution in the topics explored and participant types over the past two decades. These insights provide valuable guidance for future research and practical implications for improved audit judgment and decision-making processes.
Using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution in Performance Evaluation in the Albanian Banking Sector
Authors: Peci Arianit , Dervishaj Blerina , Puška Adis
Published: February 2025

The banking sector plays a key role in the economic, social, and political development of a country. The study of the financial performance of banks is essential for investors, creditors, and other interested parties. The aim of this research was to rank the second-tier banks in Albania by financial performance using a fuzzy multi-criteria decision model (fuzzy MCDM). For the ranking of banks, eight financial criteria were taken into account during the years 2020, 2021, and 2022 for 11 banks in the Albanian banking sector. Based on the selected indicators, a decision-making model was created. The Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods were used in this research. The results of the FAHP method showed that the most important indicators are Equity and EBT. The results of the TOPSIS method showed that Banka Kombëtare Tregtare (BKT) had the best indicators for the observed years. The contribution of this research is in understanding the financial operations of banks in Albania.
Business Distress Prediction in Albania: An Analysis of Classification Methods
Authors: Dhamo Zhaklina , Gjeçi Ardit , Zibri Arben , Prendi Xhorxhina
Published: February 2025

This article investigates the effectiveness of various classification techniques in predicting financial distress for Albanian firms. The dataset includes 16 financial ratios from the financial statements of 187 of the largest non-financial businesses operating in Albania, covering the period from 2011 up to 2014, and ranked by 2014 revenues. The methods used in predicting financial distress are logistic regression, Ada Boost, Naïve Bayes, decision trees, support vector machine (SVM), neural network, and random forest. To compare the effectiveness of the models applied we used Classification Accuracy (CA), confusion matrix, and area under the curve (AUC) as evaluation criteria. The results demonstrate the superior predictive ability of ensemble methods, with random forest achieving more accurate forecasts than other methods, followed by Ada Boost. The research contributes to the literature by showing the added value of machine learning models in emerging markets with unique practice and economic conditions and proposing an alternative classification approach for the classification of financial distress when lacking bankruptcy data. Finally, the empirical findings evidence that the strengths of ensemble learning methods are reinforced in unbalanced not-big datasets of a unique emerging economy. These insights are relevant for lending institutions and researchers aiming to refine credit risk models in unique markets where access to relevant data is a challenge.
Impact of Farm Size on Farmers’ Recycling of Pesticide Packaging Waste: Evidence from Rural China
Authors: Ding Jingyi , Song Kun , Zhang Kuan , Deng Xin
Published: February 2025

Scale management has become an essential form of modern agricultural production. However, it is still unclear how farm size influences farmers’ pesticide packaging waste recycling behavior (FPPWRB). Based on the data from the China Rural Revitalization Survey 2020, this study quantitatively explores the impact of farm size on FPPWRB. This study found that (1) the ratio for FPPWRB is low, with only about 41.7% of the sample farmers expressing participation in recycling. (2) The empirical results show that for every 1% increase in farm size, the probability of FPPWRB increases by 3.59%. (3) Farmers in urban suburbs or younger farmers are more inclined to FPPWRB. (4) Farm size can improve FPPWRB by enhancing farmers’ environmental cognition levels. The research in this study provides insights into the improper disposal of pesticide packaging waste and offers references for formulating policies related to the resource utilization of pesticide packaging waste. Thus, the findings of this study can help provide a reference for the introduction of policies to manage pesticide packaging waste, which, in turn, can help promote sustainable agricultural development.
Identification of GSK3 Family Genes in Pear and Their Expression Analysis Under Drought Stress
Authors: Hu Kairan , Zhang Ziyi , Li Guoliang , Zhao Shuliang , Zhang Yali , Wang Qingjiang , Cheng Fuhou
Published: February 2025

Members of the glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) family in plants, as a class of serine/threonine protein kinases, have been demonstrated to play crucial roles in a wide range of biological processes and environmental stresses. However, the GSK3 gene family has not been analyzed in pears. In this study, 12 GSK3 gene family members were identified in the Pyrus bretschneideri genome. These genes were located on 10 chromosomes and phylogenetically classified into four subfamilies. All 12 PbGSK3 proteins possessed highly conserved domains. The results demonstrated the structural characteristics of all 12 PbGSK3s and the evolutionary processes of their putative proteins. The presence of several cis-acting elements in the promoter region of the PbGSK3s associated with hormonal and stress responses suggested that the PbGSK3s might be involved in the growth and development of pears and in stress response. The expression profiles of PbGSK3s under drought stress were also analyzed. When the pears were subjected to drought stress for different durations, the expression patterns of 12 PbGSK3s exhibited variations. The findings would provide a scientific foundation for further exploration of the potential functions of the GSK3 genes in pears.
Complete Coverage Path Planning for Wind Turbine Blade Wall-Climbing Robots Based on Bio-Inspired Neural Networks and Energy Consumption Model
Authors: Chen Da , Yu Gang , Huang Shuchen
Published: February 2025

The rapid growth in the use of wind energy has led to significant challenges in the inspection and maintenance of wind turbine blades, especially as turbine sizes increase dramatically and as operational environments become harsh and unpredictable. Wind turbine blades, being the most expensive and failure-prone components, directly affect operational stability and energy efficiency. The efficient and precise inspection of these blades is therefore essential to ensuring the sustainability and reliability of wind energy production. To overcome the limitations of the existing inspection methods, which suffer from low detection precision and inefficiency, this paper proposes a novel complete coverage path planning (CCPP) algorithm for wall-climbing robots operating on wind turbine blades. The proposed algorithm specifically targets highly complex regions with significant curvature variations, utilizing 3D point cloud data to extract height information for the construction of a 2.5D grid map. By developing a tailored energy consumption model based on diverse robot motion modes, the algorithm is integrated with a bio-inspired neural network (BINN) to ensure optimal energy efficiency. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate that our approach outperforms the traditional BINN algorithms, achieving significantly superior efficiency and reduced energy consumption. Finally, experiments conducted on both a robot prototype and a wind turbine blade platform validate the algorithm’s practicality and effectiveness, showcasing its potential for real-world applications in large-scale wind turbine inspection.
Editorial for the Special Issue “Infectious and Tropical Diseases: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment”
Authors: Lampejo Temi
Published: February 2025

For centuries, humans have faced the devastating wrath of outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics caused by infectious diseases [...]
Virus Infection of a Freshwater Cyanobacterium Contributes Significantly to the Release of Toxins Through Cell Lysis
Authors: Lee Victoria , Meza-Padilla Isaac , Nissimov Jozef I.
Published: February 2025

Toxic algal-bloom-forming cyanobacteria are a persistent problem globally for many aquatic environments. Their occurrence is attributed to eutrophication and rising temperatures due to climate change. The result of these blooms is often the loss of biodiversity, economic impacts on tourism and fisheries, and risks to human and animal health. Of emerging interest is the poorly understood interplay between viruses and toxic species that form blooms. This is because recent studies have suggested that viruses may exacerbate the harmful effects of these blooms by contributing to the release of toxins into a dissolved phase upon cell lysis. However, to date, there is no experimental evidence that explicitly implicates viruses in microcystin release. Here, we show experimentally that a virus infection of the toxin-producing, harmful, algal-bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa results in a 4-fold increase in the toxin microcystin-LR two days post-infection (dpi). We also show that the concentrations of microcystin remain high after culture discoloration and host cell lysis. Collectively, our results directly implicate viruses as major contributors to microcystin release from cyanobacteria and emphasize the importance of taking viruses into account in predictive models and in the assessment of water quality and safety.
Formation of Core-Rim Magnetite with a Carbonaceous Core in Mid-Archean Banded Iron Formation from the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa
Authors: Konishi Hiromi , Manabe Tatsuro
Published: February 2025

Through the analysis of core-rim magnetite, we demonstrate that the core contains carbonaceous materials (CMs) derived from a 3.2-billion-year-old banded iron formation within the Barberton Greenstone Belt in South Africa. Using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, we establish a direct association between these CMs and the magnetite. Although the possibility that CMs formed from the hydrothermal decomposition of siderite cannot be ruled out, several lines of evidence indicate a likely microbial origin for the CMs. Firstly, Raman spectroscopy reveals that the CMs exhibit characteristics of low-maturity biogenic organic matter (OM) featuring aliphatic carbon chains, which supports the notion that organic carbon compounds mature during burial metamorphism at temperatures below approximately 200 °C. Secondly, phosphorus and sulfur detected in the CMs suggest a microbial origin. Lastly, the formation of the unique texture of core-rim magnetite can be conceptualized as follows: Fe2+ is oxidized through anoxygenic photosynthesis, leading to the precipitation of ferrihydrite. This ferrihydrite is then transformed into magnetite by iron-reducing microorganisms. Subsequently, the magnetite grows larger through oriented attachment, which also confines OM. Ultimately, smooth magnetite rims may have preserved the OM for up to 3.2 billion years.
Analysis of Structural Position of Carlin-Type Gold Deposits with Lineament Analysis of Remote Sensing Data Using pyLEFA Software
Authors: Shevyrev Sergei , Boriskina Natalia
Published: February 2025

Previous research on Carlin-type gold deposits in North America and China has revealed peculiarities in their genesis, distribution, and prospectivity. However, pinpointing these deposits within known ore districts and prospective areas is a complex and resource-demanding task. Studying the structural and geological characteristics of Carlin-type deposits in areas with a longer history of exploration using machine learning techniques is crucial, especially considering the potential for discovering Carlin-type deposits in Russia. Crustal fracturing fields detected in space imagery and digital relief models can serve as a foundation for prospectivity mapping of Carlin-type deposits, even without evidence of magmatic sources of ore matter. The detection of disjunctive features, observed as linear elements (lineaments) in remote sensing images of the Earth, allows for a quantitative description of the Earth’s crust permeability to ore-bearing magmas and fluids. This can be accomplished using open source pyLEFA software. Optical detection methods facilitate this process, while the assessment of heterogeneity in the distribution of fracture field parameters is achieved using unsupervised learning and classification. Machine learning based on datasets produced with pyLEFA enables the assessment of the contribution of predictor variables to the result. The knowledge acquired can be applied to areas with the potential for discovering Carlin-type deposits.
Salicylaldehyde Benzoylhydrazones with Anticancer Activity and Selectivity: Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Nikolova-Mladenova Boryana , Mihaylova Rositsa , Atanasova Mariyana , Zhivkova Zvetanka , Doytchinova Irini
Published: February 2025

Dimethoxy derivatives of salicylaldehyde benzoylhydrazone containing a methoxy group on both aromatic rings were designed and synthesized. The compounds were obtained in high yields, and their structures were confirmed by elemental analysis and various spectral techniques. In vitro evaluation of dimethoxy hydrazones demonstrated potent activity against the leukemic cell lines at low micro- and nanomolar concentrations. Remarkably, two dimethoxy analogs showed exceptional antileukemic selectivity, with no toxicity observed in normal human embryonic kidney HEK-293 cells. In silico modeling identified likely interactions with the target, human cAbl kinase, and suggested a possible mechanism for their antileukemic activity.
CH3OH•+ + CH4 Reaction: Mechanistic Insights and Reaction Rates for Astrochemical and Atmospheric Environments
Authors: Satta Mauro , Catone Daniele , Castrovilli Mattea Carmen , Nicolanti Francesca , Cartoni Antonella
Published: February 2025

The reaction between methanol radical cations and methane, producing methyl radicals and protonated methanol, is pivotal to both astrochemical and atmospheric processes. Methanol and methane are the most abundant organic molecules in space and Earth’s atmosphere and central to molecular synthesis under different environmental conditions. Here, we present a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the ion–molecule reaction between CH3OH•+ and CH4. The study explores the reaction mechanism and energetics under ionized conditions utilizing quantum chemical methods and experimental data. The findings reveal that the reaction’s non-thermal behavior becomes pronounced when CH3OH•+ is vibrationally excited by photon absorption above the ionization threshold, as can happen in the presence of ionizing agents like cosmic rays. Conversely, in thermal equilibrium conditions, the reaction accelerates as temperatures decrease, as suggested by canonical rate coefficient calculations. The products can initiate further chemical reactions, shaping molecular networks in the interstellar medium and affecting atmospheric trace gas balances.
Rational Design of Hierarchical Beta Zeolites via Post-Synthesis Treatments and Their Applications
Authors: Zieliński Michał , Matysiak Natalia , Janiszewska Ewa
Published: February 2025

Hierarchical zeolites with micro- and mesoporous frameworks can overcome diffusional limitations of microporous systems. This study investigates the post-synthetic modification of Beta zeolite using different porogeneous agents (NaOH, NH4OH, NH4F) under identical conditions to compare their efficiency in generating mesopores. The effect of treatment time was also examined for NH4OH and NH4F. The modified materials were characterized using physicochemical techniques and evaluated for catalytic performance in acetic acid esterification with alcohols of different sizes and adsorption of methylene blue. All the modifications increased mesoporosity but reduced acidity. NaOH produced the highest mesoporosity but significantly reduced acidity, while NH4F retained the most acidity. Catalytic activity in esterification with methanol depended on acidity, but for larger alcohols (n-butanol, benzyl alcohol), activity was influenced by both acidity and mesoporosity. The NH4OH- and NH4F-modified materials, with lower mesoporosity but higher acidity, exhibited better performance with larger alcohols. In MB adsorption, the adsorption equilibrium rates increased with mesoporosity. The NaOH-modified sample reached equilibrium the fastest due to its superior mesoporosity, while the NH4F-modified sample demonstrated the highest adsorption efficiency owing to its abundant Brønsted acid sites. These findings demonstrate that the choice of modifier affects mesoporosity, acidity, and functional performance, offering insights into tailoring hierarchical zeolites for specific applications.
Electroconductive Polymer Repellent Composites Based on N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide
Authors: Zverev Sergei , Savraeva Daria , Ignatova Yulia , Aristova Victoria , Martynov Leonid , Sakharov Konstantin , Dubinich Valeriya , Andreev Sergei
Published: February 2025

In this study, electrically conductive polymer composites based on repellent N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide with concentrations ranging from 6 to 30 wt% were developed. The electrical resistivity of repellent composites, as determined by electrochemical impedance spectra, ranges from 150 to 171 Ohm, which allows such materials to be used when a low voltage is applied. The study of the rheological properties of the obtained repellent composites and the analysis of the TGA curves demonstrated that the dynamic viscosity of the materials has a significant effect on the thermal diffusion of the repellent. The study of the thermal diffusion of N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide demonstrated that a higher yield of repellent (up to 36.4 × 10−8 mol) is achieved when the material is applied in the form with the shortest conductor length of 14 mm. The graphs showing the relationship between the electrical flux and the concentration of N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide, which was calculated via the Peltier and Thompson equations, show that, according to Onsager’s theory, the total flux of the substance is highest when a voltage is applied to the material with the shortest conductor length. Thus, the developed repellent composite is a promising material for protection against blood-sucking insects.
Small Molecules in the Treatment of Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis: A Review of Current Evidence
Authors: Pellegrino Raffaele , Imperio Giuseppe , De Costanzo Ilaria , Izzo Michele , Landa Fabio , Tambaro Assunta , Gravina Antonietta Gerarda , Federico Alessandro
Published: February 2025

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease in which one-quarter of patients are at risk of developing a severe form of the disease known as acute severe UC (ASUC). This condition exposes patients to serious complications, including toxic megacolon, surgical intervention, and even death. The current therapeutic strategy relies on time-dependent, multi-step algorithms that integrate systemic corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and biologic agents (specifically infliximab) as medical therapy aimed at avoiding colectomy. Despite this approach, a significant proportion of patients fail to respond to either corticosteroids or infliximab and may require alternative therapeutic options if there is no urgent surgical necessity. These alternatives include other biologics or emerging small molecules, although the evidence supporting these treatments remains extremely low, even considering their well-documented and promising efficacy and safety in moderate-to-severe UC. Conversely, it is necessary to investigate whether infliximab can be effectively replaced or surpassed by other approved biological agents and small molecules as first-line therapy after steroid resistance. This review aims to summarise the available evidence on small molecules, specifically Janus kinase inhibitors and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators.