bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and evaluation of a novel 3D simulation software for modelling wood stacks
Authors: de Miguel-Díez Felipe , Guigue Philippe , Pettenkofer Tim , Tolosana-Esteban Eduardo , Purfürst Thomas , Cremer Tobias
Published: March 2022

Assessing the solid wood content is crucial when acquiring stacked roundwood. A frequently used method for this is to multiply determined conversion factors by the measured gross volume. However, the conversion factors are influenced by several log and stack parameters. Although these parameters have been identified and studied, their individual influence has not yet been analyzed using a broad statistical basis. This is due to the considerable financial resources that the data collection entails. To overcome this shortcoming, a 3D-simulation model was developed. It generates virtual wood stacks of randomized composition based on one individual data set of logs, which may be real or defined by the user. In this study, the development and evaluation of the simulation model are presented. The model was evaluated by conducting a sensitivity and a quantitative analysis of the simulation outcomes based on real measurements of 405 logs of Norway spruce and 20 stacks constituted with these. The results of the simulation outcomes revealed a small overestimation of the net volume of real stacks: by 1.2% for net volume over bark and by 3.2% for net volume under bark. Furthermore, according to the calculated mean bias error (MBE), the model underestimates the gross volume by 0.02%. In addition, the results of the sensitivity analysis confirmed the capability of the model to adequately consider variations in the input parameters and to provide reliable outcomes.
Mental health of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 during mandated isolation and compliance with recommendations—A population-based cohort study
Authors: Domenghino Anja , Aschmann Hélène E. , Ballouz Tala , Menges Dominik , Strebel Dominique , Derfler Sandra , Fehr Jan S. , Puhan Milo A.
Published: March 2022

Background

Isolation is an indispensable measure to contain the SARS-CoV-2 virus, but it may have a negative impact on mental health and overall wellbeing. Evidence on the isolation experience, facilitating and complicating factors is needed to mitigate negative effects.

Methods and findings

This observational, population-based cohort study enrolled 1547 adults from the general population with SARS-CoV-2 infection reported to authorities between 27 February 2020 and 19 January 2021 in Zurich, Switzerland. We assessed the proportion of individuals reporting symptoms of depression and anxiety before, during and after isolation (by DASS-21), and queried worries, positive experiences, and difficulties. We analyzed the association of these outcomes with socio-demographics using ordinal regression. Additionally, we report free-text statements by participants to capture most important aspects of isolation. The proportion of participants affected by depression or anxiety increased during isolation from 10·0% to 17·1% and 9·1% to 17·6%, respectively. Ordinal regression showed that taking care of children increased the difficulty of isolation (OR 2·10, CI 1·43–3·08) and risk of non-compliance (OR 1·63, CI 1·05–2·53), especially in younger participants. A facilitating factor that individuals commonly expressed was receiving more support during isolation.

Conclusion

Isolation due to SARS-CoV-2 presents a mental burden, especially for younger individuals and those taking care of children. Public health authorities need to train personnel and draw from community-based resources to provide targeted support, information, and guidance to individuals during isolation. Such efforts could alleviate the negative impact isolation has on the mental and physical health of individuals and ensure compliance of the population with recommendations.
The roles of implicit approach motivation and explicit reward in excessive and problematic use of social networking sites
Authors: Wadsley Michael , Ihssen Niklas
Published: March 2022

Despite growing concerns about the addictive potential of social networking sites (SNSs), little is known about the precise neural, cognitive, and emotional processes underpinning compulsive SNS behaviours, such as excessive checking of SNSs. Recent evidence points to the important role of reward in SNS behaviours and one avenue to examine reward processes related to SNSs is the use of behavioural paradigms that allow for the measurement of implicit motivational responses, such as the approach avoidance task (AAT). The AAT has been successfully utilised to capture changes in unconscious reward processes in substance use disorders and other behavioural addictions, with faster approach reactions to addiction-related stimuli reflecting increased wanting/urges to have/consume the reward. In the present study 411 young adults completed an online Visual Approach/Avoidance by the Self Task (VAAST) with social media and control logos as well as other subjective (explicit) measures of reward experience related to SNSs. Our results showed that across participants SNS logos elicited strong approach reactions (compared to control stimuli) and that stronger SNS approach tendencies predicted more frequent SNS checking. Importantly, increased approach motivation was not associated with more problematic use. However, both checking frequency and problematic use were related to alterations of explicit reward processing, including the subjective experience of SNS urges or wanting. We conclude that changes in automatic approach motivation towards SNS stimuli are common in most SNS users, which suggests that implicit imbuement of social media with reward has become pervasive among young adults. Problematic SNS use however may be more reliably indicated by changes in explicit reward processing, such as subjective wanting.
Phenomenological assessment of psychedelics induced experiences: Translation and validation of the German Challenging Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) and Ego-Dissolution Inventory (EDI)
Authors: Dworatzyk Katharina , Jansen Tallulah , Schmidt Timo Torsten
Published: March 2022

Several measures have been designed to assess subjective experiences induced by psychedelic substances or other mind-altering drugs as well as non-pharmacological methods. Recently, two self-report questionnaires have been introduced to measure acute adverse effects following psilocybin ingestion and the phenomenon of ego-dissolution associated with the use of psychedelics, respectively. The 26-item Challenging Experience Questionnaire assesses multiple facets of psilocybin induced experiences on seven subscales, whereas the 8-item Ego-Dissolution Inventory consists of a unidimensional scale. In the present study, these questionnaires were translated into German and their psychometric properties then evaluated in an online survey on psychedelics induced experiences. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested an acceptable fit of the 7-factor structure of the German Challenging Experience Questionnaire with overall good internal consistency for all subscales. The factor structure did not differ based on gender or prior struggle with a psychiatric disorder, furthering the evidence of internal validity. Correlations with the State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory and the Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale demonstrated convergent validity. Confirmatory factor analysis did not support the hypothesized single-factor structure of the German Ego-Dissolution Inventory and exploratory factor analysis suggested an alternative factor structure, where only five items loaded onto a common factor that was interpreted as ego-dissolution. Internal consistency of this 5-item measure was high and correlation with selected items of the Mystical Experience Questionnaire and Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale supported convergent validity. Translation and validation of these questionnaires contribute to the advancement of common standards in the psychological and neuroscientific study of altered states of consciousness.
Pre-digestion of the lipids in infant formula affects gut maturation of the preterm pig
Authors: Zaworski Kamil , Woliński Jarosław , Słupecka-Ziemilska Monika , Pierzynowski Stefan , Pierzynowska Kateryna
Published: March 2022

Preterm birth is associated with increased risk of complications, specifically with regards to the gastrointestinal tract. These complications mainly include the maldigestion and malabsorption of nutrients resulting from the immaturity of the small intestine. The current study investigated whether pre-digestion of fat in infant formula would affect the developmental remodeling of the structure of the small intestine mucous membrane. Three groups of premature piglets (corresponding to 30–32 week of human gestation) were used in the study: the first group, not subjected to any treatment and euthanized within 2 hours after caesarian delivery, was used as the control group (PT group), the second group, was fed an infant formula—IF (SPT group), and the third group was fed a lipase pre-hydrolyzed infant formula—hIF (PPT group). Feeding preterm piglets with an infant formula for 14 days stimulated intestinal maturation (in SPT and PPT groups). However, pre-digestion of the infant formula with lipase significantly increased proliferative activity and intensity of apoptosis in the small intestine epithelium, resulting in more rapid enterocyte turnover. The data obtained not only confirm that starting enteral feeding directly after birth stimulates developmental and structural changes in the small intestine, but also highlighted the importance of lipid digestion for enterocyte turnover and speeding up of intestinal maturation in preterm piglets. The latest is of high importance for the proper gut development of preterm children.
Epidermal cell cultures from white and green sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus and medirostris): Expression of TGM1-like transglutaminases and CYP4501A
Authors: Karim Noreen , Lin Lo-Wei , Van Eenennaam Joel P. , Fangue Nann A. , Schreier Andrea D. , Phillips Marjorie A. , Rice Robert H.
Published: March 2022

Using a system optimized for propagating human keratinocytes, culture of skin samples from white and green sturgeons generated epithelial cells capable of making cross-linked protein envelopes. Two distinct forms of TGM1-like mRNA were molecularly cloned from the cells of white sturgeon and detected in green sturgeon cells, accounting for their cellular envelope forming ability. The protein translated from each displayed a cluster of cysteine residues resembling the membrane anchorage region expressed in epidermal cells of teleosts and tetrapods. One of the two mRNA forms (called A) was present at considerably higher levels than the other (called B) in both species. Continuous lines of white sturgeon epidermal cells were established and characterized. Size measurements indicated that a substantial fraction of the cells became enlarged, appearing similar to squames in human epidermal keratinocyte cultures. The cultures also expressed CYP1A, a cytochrome P450 enzyme inducible by activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 in fish. The cells gradually improved in growth rate over a dozen passages while retaining envelope forming ability, TGM1 expression and CYP1A inducibility. These cell lines are thus potential models for studying evolution of fish epidermis leading to terrestrial adaptation and for testing sturgeon sensitivity to environmental stresses such as pollution.
Yellow light decision based on driving style: Day or night?
Authors: Wang Xuan , Mao Yan , Xiong Jing Jing , He Wu
Published: March 2022

Drivers’ driving decisions at yellow lights are an important cause of accidents at intersections. As proved by existing studies, driving style is an important basis for a driver to decide to pass a yellow light or not. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the effects of different driving styles on driving decisions at yellow lights under different lighting conditions. Specifically, 64 licensed drivers were recruited to comparative study the effects of different driving styles on the decision to pass through yellow lights under both daytime and nighttime lighting conditions using a driving simulator and a VR device. The results showed that maladjusted drivers more likely to pass the yellow light faster than adapted drivers (81.25% vs 43.75%) during both day and night. Male drivers had higher overall driving style scores than female drivers, and male drivers were faster and more likely to pass a yellow light than female drivers (56.25% vs 31.25%). This study also found that inexperienced drivers were faster and more likely to pass a yellow light than experienced drivers (50% vs 37.5%). Overall, maladjusted drivers are more likely to pass yellow lights, which can be improved and society properties by enhancing driving learning for maladjusted drivers.
Karyological and nuclear DNA content variation of the genus Asparagus
Authors: Plath Susann , Klocke Evelyn , Nothnagel Thomas
Published: March 2022

Asparaguswild relatives could be a promising possibility to extent the genetic variability of garden asparagus and for new cultivars with favorable traits such as high yield stability, disease resistance and stress tolerance. In order to achieve an efficient use in breeding, a detailed cytogenetic characterization of the accessions is necessary. This study worked on 35Asparagusaccessions, includingA.officinaliscultivars (‘Darlise’, ‘Ravel’ and ‘Steiners Violetta’) andAsparaguswild relatives, for which the number of chromosomes, their size, the nuclear DNA content, and the genomic distribution of 5S and 45S rDNA were analyzed. Different ploidy levels (diploid, triploid, tetraploid, pentaploid and hexaploid) were found. Furthermore, the size of the chromosomes of all diploidAsparagusaccessions was determined which led to differences in the karyotypic formula.A.plocamoidesharbors the smallest chromosome with 1.21 μm, whereas the largest chromosome with 5.43 μm was found inA.officinalis. In all accessions one 5S rDNA locus per genome was observed, while the number of 45S rDNA loci varied between one (A.albus,A.plumosus,A.stipularis) to four (A.setaceus). In mostAsparagusaccessions, the 5S and 45S rDNA signals were located on different chromosomes. In contrast, the genomes ofA.africanus,A.plocamoides,A.sp. (a taxonomically unclassifiedAsparagusspecies from Asia) andA.verticillatus(diploid accessions) have one 5S and one 45S rDNA signal on the same chromosome. The measured 2C DNA content ranges from 1.43 pg (A.plocamoides, diploid) to 8.24 pg (A.amarus, hexaploid). Intraspecific variations for chromosome number, karyotypic formula, signal pattern with 5S and 45s rDNA probes and DNA content were observed. Interspecific variations were also recognized in the genusAsparagus.
Internal migration and child health: An investigation of health disparities between migrant children and left-behind children in China
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zheng Xiaodong
Published: March 2022

Using data from the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS), this study empirically examines the association between internal migration and child health through an investigation of health disparities between migrant children and left-behind children in China. The results show that, in comparison with being left behind, migrating with parents significantly improves children’s self-reported health, height-for-age z-score (HAZ) and BMI-for-age z-score (BAZ), and reduces their frequency of sickness. These findings remain robust to a suite of robustness checks. Furthermore, the health effects of internal migration are more prominent for children with a rural hukou compared with urban ones. Although migrant children are more likely to experience teacher discrimination, they have higher levels of parental care, family relationships, and peer relationships relative to their left-behind counterparts, which indicates possible mechanisms behind the association between children’s migration and health. Our findings underline the importance of policy improvement and evidence-based interventions aiming at reducing involuntary parent-child separation and facilitating the development in health of disadvantaged children in developing countries like China.
Periductal bile acid exposure causes cholangiocyte injury and fibrosis
Authors: Dotan Miri , Fried Sophia , Har-Zahav Adi , Shamir Raanan , Wells Rebecca G. , Waisbourd-Zinman Orith
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Bile duct integrity is essential for the maintenance of the structure and function of the biliary tree. We previously showed that cholangiocyte injury in a toxic model of biliary atresia leads to increased monolayer permeability. Increased epithelial permeability was also shown in other cholangiopathies. We hypothesized that after initial cholangiocyte injury, leakage of bile acids into the duct submucosa propagates cholangiocyte damage and fibrosis. We thus aimed to determine the impact of bile acid exposure on cholangiocytes and the potential therapeutic effect of a non-toxic bile acid.

Materials and methods

Extrahepatic bile duct explants were isolated from adult and neonatal BALB/c mice. Explants were cultured with or without glycochenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid. They were then fixed and stained.

Results

Explants treated with glycochenodeoxycholic acid demonstrated cholangiocyte injury with monolayer disruption and partial lumen obstruction compared to control ducts. Masson’s trichrome stains revealed increased collagen fibers. Myofibroblast marker α-SMA stains were significantly elevated in the periductal region. The addition of ursodeoxycholic acid resulted in decreased cholangiocyte injury and reduced fibrosis.

Conclusions

Bile acid leakage into the submucosa after initial cholangiocyte injury may serve as a possible mechanism of disease propagation and progressive fibrosis in cholangiopathies.
Postharvest quality maintenance of wax apple and guava fruits by use of a fermented broth of an ε-poly-l-lysine-producing Streptomyces strain
Authors: Bai Jian-Ling , Wang Hui-Hui , Zhang Ju-Mei , Wu Qing-Ping , Mo Shu-Ping , He Ying-Long , Weng Shao-Quan , Yang Xiao-Juan , Li Ci-Zhou
Published: March 2022

ε-Poly-l-lysine (ε-PL) is a natural antimicrobial polymer with significant inhibitory activity against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, and nowadays used widely as a preservative in the food industry. In the present study, ε-PL broth was obtained from Streptomyces ahygroscopicus GIM8 fermentation in a nutrient-limited liquid medium. The in vitro antifungal activity of the broth against fruit pathogens Penicillium expansum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was investigated, and its usage for postharvest storage of two highly perishable fruits wax apple and guava was evaluated. Results showed that ε-PL concentration in the broth reached 0.61 g/L, and the nutrition level of the broth was low. The antifungal activity of ε-PL broth was comparable to that of the aqueous solution of ε-PL under the same concentration. Immersion with the diluted broth (200 mg/L ε-PL) markedly delayed the decline in the quality of postharvest wax apple and guava fruits during storage, and the decay incidences were also greatly decreased as compared to their respective controls (distilled water immersion). A further investigation demonstrated that the ε-PL broth immersion induced an increase in the activity of defense-related enzymes peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in the two fruits during storage. The present study proved that the fermentation broth of ε-PL could be used as a promising alternative to high purity ε-PL and synthetic fungicides for preserving fruits at postharvest stage.
Assessment and counseling to get the best efficiency and effectiveness of the assistive technology (MATCH): Study protocol
Authors: Pousada García Thais , Groba Gonzalez Betania , Nieto-Riveiro Laura , Canosa Domínguez Nereida , Maldonado-Bascón Saturnino , López-Sastre Roberto J. , Pacheco DaCosta Soraya , González-Gómez Isabel , Molina-Cantero Alberto J. , Pereira Loureiro Javier
Published: March 2022

Aims

To determine the psychosocial impact of assistive technology(AT) based on robotics and artificial intelligence in the life of people with disabilities.

Background

The best match between any person with disabilities and its AT only can be gotten through a complete assessment and monitoring of his/her needs, abilities, priorities, difficulties and limitations. Without this analysis, it’s possible that the device won’t meet the individual’s expectations.

Therefore, it is important that any project focused on the development of innovating AT for people with disabilities includes the perspective of outcome measures as an important phase of the research. In this sense, the integration of the assessment, implementation process and outcome measures is crucial to guarantee the transferability for the project findings and to get the perspective from the final user.

Methods

Pilot study, with prospective, longitudinal and analytical cohort. The study lasts from July 2020 until April 2023. The sample is formed by people with disabilities, ages from 2–21, that will participate from the first stage of the process (initial assessment of their abilities and needs) to the final application of outcome measures instruments (with a complete implication during the test of technology).

Discussion

Only with the active participation of the person is possible to carry out a user-centered approach. This fact will allow us to define and generate technological solutions that really adjust to the expectations, needs and priorities of the people with disabilities, avoiding the AT from being abandoned, with the consequent health and social spending.

Trial registration

Clinical Trials ID: NCT04723784; https://clinicaltrials.gov/.
Protective effect of tin chloride on rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury in rats
Authors: Ohtani Shinkichi , Shimizu Hiroko , Yamaoka Masakazu , Takahashi Toru , Omori Emiko , Morimatsu Hiroshi
Published: March 2022

The heme component of myoglobin plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of rhabdomyolysis-associated acute kidney injury (RM-AKI). Heme oxiganenase-1 (HO-1) is the rate-limiting enzyme of heme catabolism, and its metabolites, iron, biliverdin, and carbon monoxide, have antioxidant properties. Tin chloride (SnCl2) is a kidney specific HO-1 inducer. In this study, we examined whether the induction of HO-1 in the kidney by SnCl₂ pretreatment ameliorates RM-AKI in rats and if the effect is due to the degradation of excess renal free heme. We developed an RM-AKI rat (male Sprague-Dawley rats) model by injecting glycerol (Gly) in the hind limbs. RM-AKI rats were pretreated with saline or SnCl₂ or additional SnMP (tin mesoporphyrin, a specific HO inhibitor) followed by Gly treatment. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Crea) were measured as indicators of renal function. Renal free heme level was assessed based on the levels of δ-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS1), a heme biosynthetic enzyme, and nuclear BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1), an inhibitory transcription factor of HO-1. Elevated free heme levels lead to decreases in ALAS1 and nuclear Bach1. After 24 h of Gly injection, serum BUN and Crea levels in saline-pretreated rats were significantly higher than those in untreated control rats. In contrast, SnCl₂-pretreated rats showed no significant increase in the indices. However, additional treatment of SnMP abolished the beneficial effect of SnCl₂. Renal ALAS1 mRNA levels and renal nuclear Bach1 protein levels in the saline pretreated rats were significantly lower than those in control rats 3 h after Gly injection. In contrast, the levels in SnCl₂-pretreated rats were not altered. The findings indicate that SnCl2 pretreatment confers protection against RM-AKI by virtue of HO-1 induction in the renal system, at least in part through excess free heme degradation.
A internacionalização na avaliação da pós-graduação no Brasil: O papel da área de educação
Authors: Santos Fabiano Antonio , Zanardini Isaura Monica Souza , Hotz Celso
Published: March 2022

Neste artigo, buscamos compreender e problematizar como o conceito de internacionalização foi delineado nos Planos Nacionais de Pós-Graduação (PNPG) no Brasil e como a Área de Educação comportou-se a partir da elaboração dos Documentos de Área. Realizamos a análise por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, que tomou como fontes primárias os cinco PNPG disponíveis: 1975-1979; 1982-1985; 1986-1989; 2005-2010; e 2011-2020, bem como os sete documentos da Área de Educação localizados na internet: 1998-2000; 2001-2003; 2004-2006; 2007-2009; 2010-2012; 2013-2016; e 2017-2020. Os documentos foram analisados em uma perspectiva histórica e demonstraram que a internacionalização dos Programas aparece, ainda que difusamente, já nos primeiros PNPG analisados, tornando-se mais frequente e articulada ao contexto social e econômico com o passar dos anos. O aumento de sua importância está relacionado à busca por construir uma Pós-Graduação com características internacionais, aos moldes das Universidades de Classe Mundial. A pesquisa demonstra, ainda, que a Área de Educação, por vezes, vai tomando ações contraditórias, aproximando-se da concepção de internacionalização difundida hegemonicamente e, ao mesmo tempo, apresentando proposições que revelam preocupação com a produção da ciência, indicando alternativas à mercadorização da Pós-Graduação.
Embedded Librarian: Kolaborasi Pustakawan di Era Informasi
Authors: Husna Jazimatul
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini membahas dan menjelaskan peran baru untuk pustakawan yang sedang dibahas oleh peneliti dunia di bidang ilmu perpustakaan dan Ilmu Informasi. Pustakawan dapat bekerja dalam kolaborasi dengan para pakar domain di bidang akademik, industri, dan juga di bidang lain untuk melayani kebutuhan informasi mereka dan menghemat waktu mereka. Penelitian ini berbicara tentang berbagai bidang kepustakawanan tertanam. Tanggung jawab mencari informasi dibagikan kepada pustakawan. berkolaborasi dan berpikir dalam konteks makro. Pustakawan bisa menampilkan diri dalam profesinya dengan ranah yang lebih luas untuk membantu orang di luar profesi pustakawan.
Pengembangan Taman Bacaan Masyarakat Al-Bidayah Kabupaten Wonosobo Melalui Program Perpuseru
Authors: Mukaromah Elva Arviani , Rukiyah Rukiyah
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai pengembangan Taman Bacaan Masyarakat Al-Bidayah Kabupaten Wonosobo melalui Program PerpuSeru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui usaha dan upaya yang dilakukan oleh Taman Bacaan Masyarakat Al-Bidayah dalam mengembangkan TBM nya melalui kerja sama dengan Program PerpuSeru. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data adalah analisis tematik. Analisis tematik adalah sebuah metode yang menghasilkan tema-tema yang menjawab fenomena yang sedang diteliti dan tema-tema yang ditemukan tersebut memiliki keterkaitan antara satu dan yang lain. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan 5 (lima) tema, yaitu motivasi, kerja sama, fasilitas, monitoring dan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Kelima tema tersebut mempengaruhi adanya pengembangan TBM Al-Bidayah melalui Program PerpuSeru. Motivasi koordinator TBM Al-Bidayah muncul karena rasa khawatir terhadap perilaku negatif di masyarakat Kelurahan Sapuran terutama remaja dan tidak adanya tempat belajar yang dapat mewadahi masyarakat untuk berkegiatan. Tema kedua yaitu kerja sama, yang dilakukan oleh TBM Al-Bidayah dan PerpuSeru sebagai langkah pengembangan Taman Bacaan Masyarakat. Ketiga yaitu fasilitas, yang diberikan PerpuSeru untuk TBM atau Perpustakaan yang telah menjadi mitranya. Keempat yaitu monitoring yang terdiri dari dokumentasi dan monitoring kegiatan. Tema terakhir dalam penelitian ini adalah pemberdayaan yang terdiri dari pelatihan, meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya masyarakat dan pemberdayaan masyarakat.
Perilaku Baca Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 1 Cisarua Kabupaten Bandung Barat
Authors: Rohman Asep Saeful , Prijana Prijana , Yanto Andri
Published: March 2022

Prestasi akademik hampir selalu dikaitkan dengan tingkat kecerdasan yang dimiliki siswa. Kali ini dicoba melalui pendekatan yang berbeda, yakni prestasi akademik dikaitkan dengan metode baca yang digunakan. Tujuannya yakni untuk mengetahui perilaku membaca dikalangan siswa kaitannya dengan prestasi akademik yang mereka capai. Metode penelitian menggunakan eksperimen. Kelompok eksperimen yang terdiri dari 4 (empat) unit dan  kelompok kontrol terdiri dari 4 (empat) unit. Data dianalisa untuk menguji efek variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat, memberikan perlakuan pada variabel bebas pada kelompok eksperimen dan membandingkannya dengan kelompok kontrol yang tanpa perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan baca siswa SMA yakni pada teks 1000 kata, dan kurang berkembang pada teks 2000 kata. Faktor jenis kelamin siswa IPA memiliki hubungan non-signifikan dengan prestasi akademik. Sementara faktor jenis kelamin siswa IPS memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan prestasi akademik. Faktor boarding school siswa IPA dan IPS  memiliki hubungan non-signifikan dengan prestasi akademik. Metode baca good reading belum mampu mendongkrak prestasi akademik. Sementara metode baca reading habit mampu mendongkrak prestasi akademik. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa good reading sebagai metode baca memiliki koefisien keeratan tingkat moderat sampai dengan tingkat sangat kuat jika dikaitkan dengan prestasi akademik, artinya siswa cukup adaptif terhadap good reading sebagai metode baca.
Dinamika Alat Tangkap Nelayan di Jepara dalam Dimensi Budaya
Authors: Indrahti Sri , Maziyah Siti
Published: March 2022

Mata pencaharian merupakan salah satu unsur budaya yang menarik untuk dikaji. Mengingat, dengan mempelajari ragam mata pencaharian, manusia akan diajak juga mempelajari perjalanan budaya suatu masyarakat, berkaitan dengan cara hidup dan bertahan serta jenis peralatan dan hasil-hasil budaya yang menyertainya. Mencari ikan merupakan salah satu mata pencaharian di Jepara yang menyebabkan munculnya perlengkapan alat tangkap yang berbeda antara tempat satu dengan lainnya. Tulisan kali ini menyoroti masalah alat tangkap nelayan berdasarkan historis dan budayanya. Bagaimana sejarah alat tangkap nelayan di Jawa? Budaya apa sajakah yang melatarbelakangi dan ditimbulkan oleh alat tangkap nelayan itu? Mengapa alat tangkap ini masih lestari hingga sekarang? Penelitian ini dilakukan beberapa tahap. Pertama, dimulai dengan mencari berbagai alat tangkap nelayan berdasarkan studi pustaka yang menyimpan informasi tersebut. Kedua, dilakukan penelitian lapangan di Jepara untuk mengetahui kesinambungan budaya berkaitan dengan temuan alat tangkap nelayan. Ketiga, digali lebih lanjut budaya yang melatarbelakangi dan ditimbulkan oleh alat tangkap nelayan. Keempat, dianalisis mengapa alat tangkap nelayan ini masih lestari hingga sekarang.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ragam alat tangkap yang digunakan disesuaikan dengan kondisi alam lingkungan tempat ikan berada, sehingga tidak semua alat tangkap ditemukan di setiap daerah. Berdasarkan berbagai jenis alat tangkap dapat menunjukkan bahwa mencari ikan itu merupakan pekerjaan sambilan atau pekerjaan utama. Pada masyarakat yang pekerjaan utamanya mencari ikan, maka muncullah budaya yang berkaitan dengan alat tangkapnya.
Pustakawan Referensi Sebagai Knowledge Worker
Authors: Nurislaminingsih Rizki , Rachmawati Tine Silvana , Winoto Yunus
Published: March 2022

Trend dunia saat ini berada pada posisi era informasi dan pengetahuan. Kecenderungan tersebut juga berperanguh pada bidang pekerjaan yang lebih mengutamakan proses berfikir untuk menyelesaikan masalah daripada produksi barang selayaknya era industri. Peneliti memiliki argumentasi bahwa hal yang sama terjadi dalam lingkup pekerjaan di sebuah perpustakaan. Fokus utama perpustakaan kini ada pada layanan informasi dan pengetahuan atau yang lebih kita kenal dengan sebutan layanan referensi. Oleh sebab itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan status pustakawan referensi sebagai knowledge worker dan kegiatan apa saja yang mereka lakukan. Metodologi literature review digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian sehingga didapat pemahaman yang komprehensif karena bersumber dari literatur yang sudah diterbitkan. Hasil literature review menunjukkan bahwa pustakawan referensi memiliki tugas utama menggali informasi yang ada dalam koleksi, menemukan isi intelektual kemudian mengubah menjadi pengetahuan yang berguna bagi pemustaka. Dari tugas inilah pustakawan bertindak sebagai pekerja pengetahuan. Proses mengidentifikasi isi koleksi hingga menjadi pengetahuan ini hanya dapat dilakukan oleh orang-orang yang berpengetahuan. Selain itu, pustakawan referensi memiliki tanggung-jawab untuk mentransfer kemampuan tersebut kepada pemustaka sehingga pemustaka memiliki pengetahuan baru untuk memecahkan masalah. Bekerja di perpustakaan yang notabene organisasi profesi semakin menguatkan posisi pustakawan sebagai knowledge worker. Kewajiban pustakawan referensi untuk memberi layanan pengetahuan yang kontinyu kepada masyarakat menjadikan pustakawan memiliki ragam kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan pengetahuan, salah satunya dikenal dengan istilah knowledge engagement service. Secara garis besar knowledge engagement service terbagi dalam knowledge brokering, knowledge readiness dan knowledge promotion. Pada knowledge brokering pustakawan bekerja sebagai perantara kebutuhan pengetahuan pemustaka dengan sumber infromasi yang dapat dijadikan pengetahuan baru bagi pemustaka. Knowledge readiness merupakan aktivitas pustakawan membimbing pemustaka agar menguasai literasi informasi. Pustakawan referensi juga melaksanakan knowledge promotion dengan cara membuat berbagai acara edukatif terbuka bagi masyarakat yang berguna untuk menstimuli pengunjung agar dapat menemukan pengetahuan dalam setiap kegiatan.
Substitution Garden and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Plastic Waste as Refused Derived Fuel (RDF)
Authors: Zahra Nurulbaiti Listyendah , Septiariva Iva Yenis , Sarwono Ariyanti , Qonitan Fatimah Dinan , Sari Mega Mutiara , Gaina Pratiwi Claudia , Ummatin Kuntum Khoiro , Arifianti Qurrotin Ayunina Maulida Okta , Faria Niswatun , Lim Jun-Wei , Suhardono Sapta , Suryawan I Wayan Koko
Published: March 2022

The generation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic and garden waste must be recycled to support the circular economy. An alternative way to reduce the plastics waste is to reduce this waste by converting it into energy such as Refused Derived Fuel (RDF) as an alternative for processing waste. Substitution of plastic and garden waste is an opportunity to be analyzed. Hence, This study aimed to investigate the potential for converting material substitution from PET and garden waste into RDF. The RDF characterized test method was carried out by proximate, water content, ash content, and analysis. At the same time, the calorific value. was tested by bomb calorimetry. Substitution of the mixture of plastic and garden waste affects each parameter of RDF pellet quality including water, ash, and caloric value (sig.< 0.05). The increase of plastic waste in pellets consistently increases the calorific value of RDF from 18.94 until 25.04 MJ/kg. The RDF pellet water and ash content also invariably affect the rate of increase in the calorific value of RDF in the multilinearity model (sig.<0.05; R2 is 0.935). The thermal stability of the pellets occurred at a temperature of 5000C decomposition of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin in mixed garden waste with plastic in RDF pellets. The decrease in the decomposition of PET into terephthalic acid monomer from the thermal stability of raw materials and waste PET plastic pellets occurs at a temperature of 4500˚C. This potential finding can be used as a basis for consideration in regions or countries that have the generation of garden waste and plastic, especially the type of PET to be used as an environmentally friendly fuel.
CHP-DP Rekabetinin Siyasal Psikolojik Zemini (1946-1950): Hasımlardan Rakiplere
Authors: Tutan Melih Nadi
Published: March 2022

Türkiye’de çok partili hayata dönüşün nedenlerine dair birçok çalışma bulmak mümkünken, bu dönüşümde rol alan aktörlerin birbirlerini nasıl algıladıkları genellikle ihmal edilmiş ve derinlemesine bir incelemeye tabi tutulmamıştır. Bu çalışma, 1946-1950 yıllarındaki siyasal dönüşümde başat rol oynayan siyasal parti gruplarının birbirlerine ilişkin algılamalarını ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla çalışmada siyasal grupların davranışlarını ve algılamalarını inceleyen sosyal psikoloji ve siyaset psikolojisi literatüründen faydalanılarak, grupların karşılıklı algılamalarını ortaya çıkarabilecek olan 1947 ve 1949 yılı bütçe görüşmeleri içerik analizi ile betimsel ve sayısal analiz kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bunun için ilk kısımda sosyal psikolojide grupların neden birbirlerine ayrımcılık davranışında bulunduğunu açıklamaya çalışan realistik çatışma ve toplumsal kimlik kuramları ile grupların birbirlerine dair imgelerini konu alan imge kuramlarının temel kavram ve argümanları sunulmuştur. Çalışmanın metodolojik altyapısının sunulduğu ikinci bölümün ardından üçüncü bölümde, incelenen bütçe görüşmelerinde bulunan kodlar aktarılmıştır. Bir sonraki başlıkta bu kodların arka planı analiz edilmiş ve dönem içerisinde grupların ilişkilerine yön veren olgu ve olaylar değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda CHP ve DP grupları arasında karşılıklı hasım imgesiyle başlayan ilişkilerin, dönemin ikinci yarısında olağan bir rakipliğe dönüştüğü görülmüştür. Bu dönüşümün sağlanabilmesinde sosyal rekabetlerin, materyal rekabetlere göre daha arka planda olmasının etkili olduğu, dolayısıyla uzlaşıya kapalı kimliksel konuların bulunmadığı bir ortamda grupların, siyasal hayatın olağan akışını birtakım düzenlemelerle sürdürebildiği öne sürülmüştür.
Oman’s Foreign Policy and Its Mediating and Balancing Role in the Middle East
Authors: Bozkurt Abdulgani , Mercan Muhammed Hüseyin
Published: March 2022

Oman, with its geographical location and ancient tradition, is a country that has succeeded in being a balancing factor, despite its distance from the central tensions of the Middle East and its ineffective appearance in regional politics. Especially during the 50-year reign of Sultan Qaboos that began in 1970, Oman was able to establish strategic relations with regional and global actors and adopted an exceptional foreign policy understanding in the Middle East during the Cold War period. After the death of Sultan Qaboos, Haitham bin Tariq took over the rule of the country as the new sultan of Oman. Under the new Sultan’s power, a pragmatic status quo approach has become the main pillar in the country’s foreign relations, as the traditional foreign policy understanding has been built on independence and moderation at a level that matches Oman’s will and capacity.
This study presents a perspective on Oman’s foreign policy approach of Haitham bin Tariq, the Sultan of Oman, based on the analysis of traditional foreign policy framework and practices developed during the reign of Sultan Qaboos who was the architect of the country’s international relations. In this regard, this article examines in chronological order the continuities and ruptures of Omani foreign policy, which has been able to pursue effective policies, despite its low profile in the Middle East, by especially the mission it has assumed in the Gulf since Sultan Qaboos assumed power in 1970. The article also discusses the successful policies of Sultan Qaboos to remain moderate under all conditions and preserve the status quo in the Gulf. The study discusses in detail the exceptional case of Oman in the region using process tracing.
Preparation of vanadium by the magnesiothermic self-propagating reduction and process control
Authors: Jisen Yan , Zhihe Dou , Ting’an Zhang
Published: March 2022

A new process for preparing vanadium by direct reduction of V2O5 from the Mg–V2O5 self-propagating system is proposed in this article. The reaction behavior and path of V2O5 in the magnesiothermic reduction process were investigated using the XRD, SEM-EDS, laser particle size analyzer, and specific surface area analyzer. The experimental results show that the reaction of the V2O5–Mg system is a solid-solid reaction, and the initial reaction temperature is 570°C. Although the formation of MgV2O4 spinel cannot be predicted via the calculation of thermodynamics, the presence of MgV2O4 spinel is of great significance to the V2O5 reduction process. Taking into account the characteristics of the gradual reduction of V2O5 by Mg and the appearance of the MgV2O4 spinel phase, the limiting link of the reaction may be the transition from MgV2O4 to V. A reduction path of V2O5 beyond the thermodynamic prediction is proposed: V2O5 → V3O5 → MgV2O4 → V. The reaction temperature and the phase transformation process can be effectively controlled by adjusting the ratio of reactants and additives, and element V can be obtained by a one-step rapid self-propagating reaction and breaking through the reaction restriction link. In this experiment, the vanadium powder with a porous structure, a specific surface area of 3.44 m2 g−1, and the oxygen content of 4.86 wt% were obtained.
Attacking Agility Actions: Match Play Contextual Applications With Coaching and Technique Guidelines
Authors: Dos'Santos Thomas , McBurnie Alistair , Thomas Christopher , Jones Paul A. , Harper Damian
Published: March 2022

Attacking agility actions, such as side steps, shuffle steps, crossover cutting, split steps, spins, decelerations, and sharp turns, are important maneuvers in invasion team sports, often linked with decisive match winning moments. Generally, the aims of these actions are to (a) evade and create separation from an opponent, (b) generate high exit velocities and momentums, or (c) facilitate a sharp redirection. However, these actions are also inciting movements associated with lower-limb injury. Given the importance of agility actions for sports performance and potential injury risk, in this review, we discuss the importance and contextual applications of attacking agility actions, while providing coaching and technique guidelines to best optimize the performance-injury risk conflict.
Anemia: Considerations for the Athletic Population
Authors: Russ Brian S.
Published: March 2022

Anemia is a condition characterized by too few red blood cells, leading to diminished oxygen delivery, which can significantly impact exercise participation and athletic performance. The etiology of anemia is multifactorial. Some forms of anemia develop as a result of deficiencies in specific vitamins and minerals and may be modifiable, whereas other types are inherited disorders. Although nonmodifiable, the latter may be managed with the assistance of trained medical professionals. This article will provide an overview of the pathophysiology associated with common forms of anemia and provide an introduction to diagnostic testing procedures and treatment options. Additionally, the signs and symptoms will be discussed to help strength and conditioning professionals recognize this potentially impactful condition. This article concludes with a discussion of the influence iron deficiency has on sports participation.
Practical Strategies in Developing Strength and Plyometric Training to Improve Sprinting Speed in Female Student Athletes Within a School Curriculum
Authors: Talukdar Kaushik , McGuigan Mike , Harrison Craig
Published: March 2022

Sprinting speed plays a crucial role in many sports, and it is considered a fundamental motor skill. Various training methods can be used to improve sprinting speed. Researchers have shown strength and plyometric training (PT) to be effective in improving sprinting speed. However, most studies have reviewed the effects of strength and PT on sprinting performance in adults and young males. There is a paucity of research that has reviewed the effects of strength and PT on sprinting performance in young females across maturation (pre-peak height, mid-peak height, and post-peak height velocity: peak height velocity student athletes, age 10–16 years). Moreover, no previous review has provided practical strength and PT strategies for young female student-athletes that acknowledge important factors such as growth, forces, and enjoyment. Therefore, this review highlights the importance of progressive strength and PT on sprinting performance in young females and provides practical training programs that can be implemented within a school curriculum. More specifically, this review provides exercise progressions in strength and power training for an eight-week training block that can be easily implemented by strength and conditioning coaches within a school term.
The Neural Bases of Action-Outcome Learning in Humans
Authors: Morris Richard W. , Dezfouli Amir , Griffiths Kristi R. , Le Pelley Mike E. , Balleine Bernard W.
Published: March 2022

From an associative perspective the acquisition of new goal-directed actions requires the encoding of specific action-outcome (AO) associations and, therefore, sensitivity to the validity of an action as a predictor of a specific outcome relative to other events. Although competitive architectures have been proposed within associative learning theory to achieve this kind of identity-based selection, whether and how these architectures are implemented by the brain is still a matter of conjecture. To investigate this issue, we trained human participants to encode various AO associations while undergoing functional neuroimaging (fMRI). We then degraded one AO contingency by increasing the probability of the outcome in the absence of its associated action while keeping other AO contingencies intact. We found that this treatment selectively reduced performance of the degraded action. Furthermore, when a signal predicted the unpaired outcome, performance of the action was restored, suggesting that the degradation effect reflects competition between the action and the context for prediction of the specific outcome. We used a Kalman filter to model the contribution of different causal variables to AO learning and found that activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) tracked changes in the association of the action and context, respectively, with regard to the specific outcome. Furthermore, we found the mPFC participated in a network with the striatum and posterior parietal cortex to segregate the influence of the various competing predictors to establish specific AO associations.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHumans and other animals learn the consequences of their actions, allowing them to control their environment in a goal-directed manner. Nevertheless, it is unknown how we parse environmental causes from the effects of our own actions to establish these specific action-outcome (AO) relationships. Here, we show that the brain learns the causal structure of the environment by segregating the unique influence of actions from other causes in the medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices and, through a network of structures, including the caudate nucleus and posterior parietal cortex, establishes the distinct causal relationships from which specific AO associations are formed.