bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sulphur and Foliar Spray of Micronutrients on Yield and Economics of Zaid Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: Nayak Akankshya , Singh Rajesh , Pradhan Akankhya , Thakur Indu
Published: August 2023

The field experiment was carried out during Zaid season 2022 at experimental field of Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology Sciences, Prayagraj and Uttar Pradesh, India. In the Experiment, The soil of plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH7.3), (EC 0.26 Ds/m), low in organic carbon (0.48%), available nitrogen (230 kg/ha), available phosphorus (13.60 kg/ha) and available potassium (215.4 kg/ha). The treatments  includes Sulphur (20, 30, 40 kg/h), Boron (0.2%) and Zinc (0.5%) along with control. The experiment was done in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments each replicated thrice. The findings showed that Yield attributes namely kernels/pod (2.27), pods/plant (43.33), kernel yield (2.58 t/ha), pod yield (2.54 t/ha) and haulm yield (6.29 t/ha), Maximum gross return (140970.00 INR/ha), net return (89974.00 INR/ha) and B C ratio (1.76) were highest in the treatment 9 [40 Kg/ha Sulphur + 0.2 % Boron + 0.5 % Zinc].
Seasonal Rainfall Forecast Verification Analysis for Vridhachalam, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Arulmathi C. , Prasad S. Arul , Jayakumar J. , Natarajan K. , Vengateswari M.
Published: August 2023

Seasonal rainfall patterns play a vital role in shaping agricultural practices, crop yields and water resource management in various regions. In the context of Virdhachalam Block, Cuddalore District, accurate forecasts of seasonal rainfall are crucial for successful crop sowing, farm operations and overall agricultural planning. To address the significance of reliable rainfall predictions, this study examined the forecast accuracy of four different seasons (northeast monsoon, winter, summer and southwest monsoon), using various metrics such as forecast accuracy ratio, critical success index, true skill score and false alarm ratio for Virdhachalam block, Cuddalore district. The results showed that the summer season had the highest forecast accuracy (0.76) followed by winter (0.69), northeast monsoon (0.63) and southwest monsoon (0.66). However, the critical success index was highest during northeast monsoon (0.48) followed by southwest monsoon (0.38), winter (0.36) and summer (0.27) indicating a higher rate of correct rainfall prediction with fewer false alarms. The true skill score index was highest during summer, while the false alarm ratio was highest in summer as well as winter. These findings highlight the need for improving forecast accuracy during the monsoon season to ensure successful crop sowing and farm operations, while also emphasizing the importance of accurate forecasts during winter and summer to prevent crop failures and aid in soil water conservation for subsequent crops. Furthermore, the study found that    accurate forecasts during the northeast monsoon and southwest monsoon could lead to better planning and management of agricultural activities resulting in improved yields and profits for farmers.
In vitro Compatibility of Trichoderma and Bacillus biocontrol agents with Different Fungicides
Authors: Rajesh K. , Ramya V. , Basha S. Ameer , Pushpavalli S. N. C. V. L. , Aravind K.
Published: August 2023

Biocontrol agents are beneficial for plant and soil health and are effective in controlling many plant diseases. These biocontrol agents in combination with fungicides at reduced doses can be more effective than using alone. Keeping this in view, an in vitro study was carried out to test the compatibility of commonly used fungicides viz., captan 50 WP, thiram 75% DS, tebuconazole 5.36% FS, carboxin 37.5% + thiram 37.5% DS, prochloraz 24.4% + tebuconazole 12.1% w/w EW and thiophanate methyl 450 g/l + pyraclostrobin 50 g/l with two fungal (Trichoderma asperellum and T.viride) and three bacterial biocontrol agents (Bacillus subtilis S4KB5, B. subtilis S8KB2 and B. subtilis B3). All the five fungicides were found to be compatible with all the biocontrol agents at 100ppm and 250ppm. All the fungicides except thiram, showed complete inhibition of T. asperellum at 1500ppm and 2000ppm and with T. viride, 100 per cent inhibition is shown by all the fungicides at 1500ppm and 2000ppm except carboxin + thiram. With biocontrol isolates, B. subtilis S4KB5, B. subtilis S8KB2 and B. subtilis B3, highest inhibition zone were recorded by prochloraz + tebuconazole (2000ppm), tebuconazole (2000ppm) and thiophanate methyl + pyraclostrobin (2000ppm). Present findings suggest that compatible fungicides can be used with biocontrol agents in an integrated disease management practices for the control of seed and soil borne pathogens.
Effect of Different Levels of EMS on Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora L.)
Authors: Shalini  , Topno Samir E. , Prasad V. M.
Published: August 2023

Chrysanthemums are widely cultivated and have a significant market value due to their popularity as ornamental plants and their traditional medicinal uses. The global chrysanthemum market includes various segments, such as cut flowers, potted plants, and medicinal products. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out with title at the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh during the Winter-2022-23 with a view to determine the effect of different doses of EMS mutagen application on chrysanthemum variety Sunburst cushion for its growth quality and to work out the economics of various treatments. Under this experiment, overall, 7 treatment was prepared by soaking planting material in different doses of EMS mutagens prepared for five hours each, Treatments comprised of T0 (Control), T1 (0.5% EMS mutagen), T2 (0.75% EMS mutagen), T3 (1.0% EMS mutagen), T4 (1.5% EMS mutagen), T5 (1.25% EMS mutagen), and T6 (2.5% EMS mutagen). The current study found that the use of EMS mutagen at lower concentration had a significant positive impact on the survival, growth, and development of chrysanthemums. Among the treatments tested, T1 showed the most favorable results in terms of leaf width, leaf length, stem length, number of flowers per plant, early flowering. T1 was composed of 0.5% EMS mutagen.
Geo-spatial Tools for Assessing Soil Fertilty: A Review
Authors: Singh Sangya , Rai Vishakha , Upadhyay Sunil , Singh Shubham
Published: August 2023

Soil, as a precious non-renewable resource, plays a pivotal role in agricultural productivity, making the improvement of soil fertility a paramount objective. To ensure soil health and optimize resource utilization for food production while mitigating negative environmental impacts in the face of climate change, it is crucial to gather geographical information on soil and its fertility levels. This is where remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies, particularly high-resolution satellite data and geostatistical methods, have proven highly effective.

Historically, most studies focused on evaluating a limited set of soil properties to gauge quality or fertility levels. However, it is now evident that adopting a holistic approach by integrating multiple soil indicators encompassing chemical, biological, and physical aspects is essential. Such a comprehensive assessment can offer valuable insights into specific land management techniques and environmental conditions, enabling better decision-making.

In light of this necessity, the utilization of high-resolution remote sensing data in conjunction with ground observations has become pivotal in mapping and tracking soil fertility. RS and GIS technologies provide detailed, spatially explicit information, facilitating large-scale soil assessments and identifying trends and patterns over time. This integration empowers researchers and land managers to implement sustainable agricultural practices and conservation efforts, ultimately maximizing food production while preserving the environment.

By harnessing the power of RS and GIS technologies, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of soil health, facilitating the development of effective land management strategies and resource utilization practices.

In conclusion, the amalgamation of high-resolution remote sensing data and ground observations is crucial for comprehensive soil fertility assessment. This approach contributes significantly to sustainable land management, ensuring food security, and safeguarding our invaluable soil resource amidst the challenges posed by climate change.Top of Form
Determining the Effect of Biopesticides and Chemicals against Pod Borer [Helicoverpa armigera (L.)] on Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Singh Abhishek , Rajnikant Tayde Anoorag
Published: August 2023

The field investigation was carried out in the Prayagraj district of Uttar Pradesh. The experiment was conducted in rabi 2022 at Central Research Farm (CRF), SHUATS, Naini, Prayagraj district. The field was laid in RBD with three replication and eight treatments viz., Beauveria bassiana (2×108 CFU/gram) (2 ml/liter), Metarhizium anisopliae (2×108 CFU/gram) (2 g/liter), Bacillus thuringiensis (1×109CFU/ml) (2 ml/liter), Ha NPV (1×109 POB’s/ml)  (1 ml/liter), Azadirachtin 0.3EC (5 ml/liter), Spinosad 45% SC (0.5 ml/liter), Neem seed kernel extract 5% (5 ml/liter), and untreated controlled plot to check the efficacy of biopesticides against pod borer, on chickpea. The result on the efficacy of treatments the least larval population was recorded in Spinosad 45% SC (0.96) followed by Ha NPV (1.20), Bacillus thuringiensis (1×109 CFU/ml) (1.84), Beauveria bassiana (2×108 CFU/gram) (1.91), Metarhizium anisopliae (2×108 CFU/gram) (2.02), Azadirachtin 0.3EC (2.22), Neem seed kernel extract 5% (2.48) and the highest larval population of pod borer was found in control treatment (4.02). In another parameter higher yield and cost benefit ratio was recorded in Spinosad 45% SC (20.33 q/ha) (1:2.84), followed by Ha NPV (1×109 POB’s/ml) (18.60 q/ha) (1:2.59), Bacillus thuringiensis (1×109 CFU/ml) (17.65 q/ha) (1:2.46), Beauveria bassiana  (2×108 CFU/gram) (15.68 q/ha) (1:2.19), Metarhizium anisopliae (2×108 CFU/gram) (14.58 q/ha) (1:2.03), Azadirachtin 0.3% EC (13.81 q/ha) (1:1.92) and Neem seed kernel extract 5% (13.58 q/ha) (1:1.89) as compared to control (10.83 q/ha) (1:1.54).
A High-Grade Lymphoma Presenting as Peritoneal Lymphomatosis
Authors: Kim Youn Ho , Otoya-Durand Enrique , Quispe Betsy , Mosqueira Jorge , Mogrovejo-Olivera Nancy
Published: August 2023

This case report describes an 81-year-old patient, who was admitted to the hospital due to abdominal pain, increased abdominal perimeter, edema in the lower limbs and weight loss. Ascites was confirmed through ultrasound, although small amounts of fluid did not allow for study. Abdominal tomography revealed bowel loops crowding, omental cake and ascites; therefore, exploratory laparoscopy was indicated. Peritoneal biopsies were taken, and the diagnosis of peritoneal lymphomatosis was confirmed.

Aim: To present an unusual case of peritoneal lymphomatosis as a cause of ascites.
Hormonal and Morphological Effects of Averrhoea carambola Fruit Extract on Female Reproduction
Authors: Charles Ifedi I. , Ugwuishi Emeka , Blessing Ifedi O. , Charles Nwafor C. , Jennifer Okeke C. , Fidelis Okoye O. , Chinyere Ihezuruoha S.
Published: August 2023

Medical herbs are dazzling resources that influences female fertility. The effect of Averrhoa carambola ethanolic fruit extract on gonadal function and structure in female Wistar rats was investigated in the study. 15 Wistar rats weighing 100 to 143g were divided into three groups of five rats each. Food and distilled water were given to Group A, 500 mg/kg of ethanolic fruit extract of A. carambola was given to Group B, and 1000 mg/kg of ethanolic fruit extract of A. carambola was given to Group C every day for 21 days through oral garvage. The animals were anesthetized with chloroform at the end of the experiment, and serum was taken for hormone testing. When compared to the control, there was a significant (p<0.05) weight gain in the test groups. In addition, there was a substantial rise in ovarian and uterine weight in groups B and C after receiving the Averrhoa carambola fruit extract compared to the control group. However, when compared to the control group, LH increased (p>0.0) while progesterone declined significantly. According to the findings, the extract's structural effects on the gonads of female rats were shown to be adverse. In conclusion, Averrhoa carambola fruit extract may be more beneficial as a contraceptive than a pro-fertility agent, as traditional medicine practitioners claim.
Cardisoma guanhumi as a Therapeutic Candidate: Assessing Hypo-lipidemic and Histological Effects in Bordetella pertussis Infected Swiss Mice
Authors: Ovundah Enyi, Ikpechi , Isirima Joshua Charles
Published: August 2023

Background: Bordetella pertussis is the causative organism of an acute human respiratory tract disease known as pertussis – an endemic disease globally with reported cases in both developing and developed countries. This study evaluated the hypo-lipidaemic and histological effects of the crab specie Cardisoma guanhumi extracts on bordetela pertussis infected Swiss mice.

Methods: One hundred and twenty-two (122) animals were divided into five groups in the study. Groups 1 and 2 were the normal and negative controls respectively, while groups 3 and 4 received (300mg/kg and 600mg/kg) of the extract and group 5 received 4000mg/70kg (57.14 mg/kg) of erythromycin. Blood and kidney samples were collected on days 0, 6, 12 and 18for lipid profile analysis and kidney histological examination.

Results: The result shows that Animals exposed to B. pertussis inoculum dose (5.0x105cfu/ml) without treatment caused a decrease in the plasma level of high density lipo-protein cholesterol (HDL) and an increase in the plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipo-protein cholesterol (LDL). However, treatment with Cardisoma guanhumi extract reversed the observed effect thereby producing a gradual increase in HDL levels and decrease in triglycerides, cholesterol and LDL levels with no adverse effect on the kidney histology.

Conclusion: The study reveals significant lipid profile alterations caused by B. pertussis infection in Swiss mice, highlights the potential lipid-lowering effects of Cardisoma guanhumi extract, and indicates the absence of apparent kidney damage from the infection.
The Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and Capital Structure on Earning Response Coefficient of Indonesian Mining Companies
Authors: Sadjiarto Arja , Evan Nikolaus
Published: August 2023

This study aims to examine the influence of CSR disclosure and capital structure on ERC (Earning Response Coefficient) in mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in the year 2018 – 2021.  The result of the study will add findings regarding this topic for Indonesian mining companies which includes the period of pandemics. This research utilizes multiple linear regression using SPSS version 29 program. The findings of this study indicate that CSR disclosure has a significant negative influence on ERC. Meanwhile, capital structure does not have an impact on ERC.
AA‐Stacked Hydrogen‐Substituted Graphdiyne for Enhanced Lithium Storage
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Chen Zhengrun , Lai Chenyu , Li Xiang , Qu Zhou , Li Chunxi , Peng Manhua , Fan Hongwei , Ding Fei , Zhang Lin
Published: January 2025

Graphdiyne (GDY) has been considered a promising electrode material for application in electrochemical energy storage. However, studies on GDY featuring an ordered interlayer stacking are lacking, which is supposed to be another effective way to increase lithium binding sites and diffusion pathways. Herein, we synthesized a hydrogen‐substituted GDY (HsGDY) with a highly‐ordered AA‐stacking structure via a facile alcohol‐thermal method. Such unique architecture enables a rapid lithium transfer through the well‐organized pore channels and endows a stronger adsorption capability to lithium atom as compared to the arbitrarily‐stacked mode. The resultant HsGDY exhibits a reversible capacity of 1040 mA h g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 ranking among the most powerful GDY‐based electrode materials, and an excellent rate performance as well as a long‐term cycling stability. The successful preparation of gram‐level high‐quality HsGDY products in batches implies the potential for large‐scale lithium‐storage applications.
Boosting C‐O Bond Cleavage and Reverse Water‐Gas Shift Activity via Enriched in‐plane Sulfur Vacancies in Single‐Layer Molybdenum Disulfide
Authors: Zheng Zhiyuan , Shang Xin , Wang Weijue , Yang Xiaofeng , Su Xiong , Huang Yanqiang
Published: January 2025

The reduction of CO2 to CO provides a promising approach to the production of valuable chemicals through CO2 utilization. However, challenges persist with the rapid deactivation and insufficient activity of catalysts. Herein, we developed a soft‐hard dual‐template method to synthesize layered MoS2 using inexpensive and scalable templates, enabling facile regulation of sulfur vacancies by controlling the number of layers. The concentration of in‐plane vacancies keeps increasing with the reduction of MoS2 layer number, contributing to 100% CO selectivity over single‐layer MoS2 and a stable performance over 300‐hour reaction at 600 °C. The space‐time‐yield of CO reached 35.7 gCO gcat‐1 h‐1, outperforming most current catalysts. Multiple characterizations and theoretical calculations revealed that in‐plane sulfur vacancy sites endowed enhanced production of CO via direct dissociation of CO2, showing an intrinsic activity of above 5.8 times higher than that of edge sulfur vacancy sites. The rate‐limiting step was shifted from C‐O cleavage in edge to sulfur vacancy regeneration in plane with a lower energy barrier. Our findings exemplified the specified design and synthesis of MoS2 for high‐temperature CO2 reduction through the effective manipulation of distinct vacancy sites, shedding light on their potential industrial application.
Mapping Dynamic Protein Clustering with AIEgen‐Active Chemigenetic Probe
Authors: Yan Chenxu , Zhu Wendi , Li Runqi , Xu Qin , Li Dan , Zhang Weixu , Leng Ling , Shao Andong , Guo Zhiqian
Published: January 2025

Protein clustering/disassembling is a fundamental process in biomolecular condensates, playing a crucial role in cell fate decision and cellular homeostasis. However, the inherent features of protein clustering, especially for its reversible behavior and subtle microenvironment variation, present significant hurdles in probe chemistry for tracking protein clustering dynamics. Herein, we report a bilateral‐tailored chemigenetic probe, in which an “amphiphilic” aggregate‐induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) QMSO3Cl is covalently conjugated to a protein tag that is genetically fused to protein‐of‐interest (POI). Prior to target POI, the “amphiphilic” AIE‐active QMSO3Cl achieves a completely dark state in both aqueous biological environment and lipophilic organelles, thereby ensuring an ultra‐low intrinsic background interference. Upon reaching POI, the combination of synthetic molecule and genetically encoded protein allows for protein clustering‐dependent ultra‐sensitive response, with a substantial lighting‐up fluorescence (67.5‐fold) as protein transitions from disassembling to clustering state. Such ultra‐high signal‐to‐noise ratio enables to monitor the dynamic and fate of inositol requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) clustering/disassembling under both acute and chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in living cells. For the first time, we have demonstrated the use of chemigenetic probe to reveal therapy‐induced ER stress and screen drugs in a three‐dimensional scenario: microviscosity change, clustering dynamic, and cluster morphology. This chemigenetic probe design strategy would greatly facilitate the advancement of mapping protein dynamics in cell homeostasis and medicine research.
Anion‐π Interactions on Functionalized Porous Aromatic Cages for Gold Recovery from Complex Aqueous with High Capacity
Authors: Jiang Jianzhu , Kou Junning , Wu Qi , Chen Li , Geng Yun , Shan Guogang , Sun Chunyi , Su Zhongmin , Wang Xinlong
Published: January 2025

High capacity, selective recovery and separation of precious metals from complex aqueous solutions is essential but remains a challenge in practical applications. Here, we prepared a thiophene‐modified aromatic porous organic cage (T‐PAC) with high stability for precise recognition and recovery of gold. T‐PAC exhibits an outstanding gold uptake capacity of up to 2260 mg/g with fast adsorption kinetics and high adsorption selectivity. It's also used to selectively recover gold from a variety of complex aqueous solutions in a stable and efficient manner. The theoretical calculations and dedicated experiments suggest that anion‐π interactions between the [AuCl4]− and TFP fractions on T‐PAC cooperated with S/N boning and redox effects play the decisive role in the highly efficient gold recovery performance.
t2 Occupancy as an Effective and Predictive Descriptor for the Design of High‐Performance Spinel Oxide Peroxidase‐like Nanozymes
Authors: Du Jiang , Wang Zhenzhen , Wang Quan , Gu Xiang , Gao Xingfa , Wei Hui
Published: January 2025

Nanozymes are next generation of enzyme mimics. Due to the lack of activity descriptors, most nanozymes were discovered through trial‐and‐error strategies or by accident. While eg occupancy in an octahedral crystal field was proven as an effective descriptor, the t2 in a tetrahedral crystal field has rarely been explored. Here, we first identified t2 occupancy as an effective and predictive descriptor. Then, we predicted and demonstrated that spinel oxide nanozymes (AB2O4) with a t2 occupancy of around 4.4 at A site had the highest activity. Furthermore, we introduced Oβ content as a secondary descriptor. The dual descriptor strategy resulted in a three‐dimensional volcanic curve, converging at a vertex. To surpass the limitations of volcanic curves, a dual site optimizing strategy was proposed, guiding the optimization of both A and B sites as Cu and Co, respectively. The designed CuCo2O4 exhibited the highest activity, achieving around 100‐ and 2‐fold enhancement compared to initial material and the state‐of‐the‐art spinel oxide nanozyme LiCo2O4, respectively. Density functional theory calculations provided a theoretical basis for the catalytic process. This work provides a new strategy for the rational design of nanozymes, and t2 occupancy may also be applicable to the design of other catalysts.
Impact of Pressure on Metavalent Bonding in BiTe Influencing Electronic Topological Transitions
Authors: Pathak Riddhimoy , Joseph Anjana , Dutta Prabir , Joseph Boby , Duhan Jyoti , Chandra Sushmita , Narayana Chandrabhas , Pal Koushik , Biswas Kanishka
Published: January 2025

BiTe, a member of the (Bi2)m(Bi2Te3)n homologous series, possesses natural van der Waals‐like heterostructure with a Bi2 bilayer sandwiched between the two [Te−Bi−Te−Bi−Te] quintuple layers. BiTe exhibits both the quantum states of weak topological and topological crystalline insulators, making it a dual topological insulator and a suitable candidate for spintronics, quantum computing and thermoelectrics. Herein, we demonstrate that the chemical bonding in BiTe is to be metavalent, which plays a significant role in the pressure dependent change in the topology of the electronic structure Fermi surface. The enhancement of the metavalent bonding character with pressure in BiTe is evidenced from first‐principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Due to the change in the Fermi surface topology, we have visualized electronic topological transitions (ETT) at ~1 and ~3 GPa through pressure dependent synchrotron X‐ray diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy. The correlation between the metavalent bonding and ETT offers insights into chemical bonding influenced transitions in quantum materials.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Hydroglycosylation of Alkynes for the Synthesis of Vinyl α‐C‐Glycosides
Authors: Wang Jia‐Xi , Yao Yuan , Wang Yingwei , Niu Dawen
Published: January 2025

Herein we report a cobalt‐catalyzed hydroglycosylation of terminal alkynes, employing bench‐stable ortho‐iodobiphenyl (oIB) substituted sulfides as glycosyl donors. This reaction occurs with high stereo‐ and regioselectivity to afford E‐configured vinyl α‐C‐glycosides, a class of compounds nontrivial to access by previous methods. The use of a bis(oxazoline) ligand with bulky side chains is critical for the high selectivities observed. Aryl iodides have not been used previously as surrogates for alkyl (glycosyl) electrophiles in Co−H catalyzed reactions. The transformation features mild reaction conditions, simple reagents, and broad substrate scope. This method can be applied to the derivatization of bioactive compounds and the preparation of naturally occurring products. Mechanistic studies suggest this stereoconvergent process involves glycosyl radicals as key reaction intermediates.
Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Catalysis for Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reactions of Tetradentate N^C^C^N and Tetracarbene C^C^C^C Nickel–N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes
Authors: Gao Chen , Luo Wen‐Qi , Xiao Xiao , Shuai Hai‐Juan , Chen Ling‐Ying , Jin Chuan‐Ming
Published: January 2025

Four novel Ni(II)–N‐heterocyclic carbene (Ni–NHC) complexes were synthesized and characterized by NMR, ESI–MS, SEM, TEM, EDS mapping, XPS, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Ni–NHC complexes 7 and 8 are intramolecular tetradentate N^CNHC^CNHC^N‐cyclometalated [1L + 1M] complex featuring coplanar of azole and quinoline rings, and Ni–NHC complex 11 is an interligand tetracarbene CNHC^CNHC^CNHC^CNHC‐cyclometalated [2L + 1M] complex with two six‐membered, conformation of boat‐shaped, CNHC^CNHC‐cyclometalated structural units. Complex 9@Ni–NHC is a softly fluffy black powder with the surface morphology of a tightly arranged honeycomb‐like pore structure and may be an interligand tetracarbene CNHC^CNHC^CNHC^CNHC‐cyclometalated [2L + 1M] structure containing a very small amount of Ni0 state. DFT calculations suggested enhanced stability for tetracarbene CNHC^CNHC^CNHC^CNHC‐cyclometalated complexes 9@Ni–NHC and 11. Cyclic voltammetry studies shown that complexes 7, 8, and 9@Ni–NHC have similar redox properties of two pairs of redox peaks, and complex 11 displays only one reversible redox process with half‐wave potentials at E1/2 = −0.864 V. All complexes were found to be efficient catalysts for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction, and complexes 7 and 8 display better catalytic activity than complexes 9@Ni–NHC and 11 and exhibit catalytic activity comparable to Pd(OAc)2 catalyst, which may be attributed to the intraligand chelating tetradentate coordination and the coplanar conjugate effect between the azole and quinoline rings.
Stabilization of Alkyltin γ‐Keggin Clusters by 2, 5‐Dihydroxyterephthalate Ligands
Authors: Zhou Qian , Zhu Yu , Li Peng , Fang Wei‐Hui , Li Dong‐Sheng
Published: January 2025

The Keggin clusters are one kind of the most representative molecular structures in the field of metal‐oxo clusters. Although the different types of Keggin clusters with various components were reported, the research about γ‐Keggin isomer remains less developed. This is ascribed to the difficulty in obtaining the stable pure γ‐Keggin cluster for the structural isomerization. In this study, we adopted a ligand stabilization strategy to get the stable pure γ‐Keggin structure [(n‐BuSn)12(NaO4)(OH)24](DHTA)2.5 ⋅ DMF ⋅ H2O (CTGU‐SnC‐10). Different from the reported mixed neutral‐charge alkytin β, γ isomers, the NaSn12 cluster in the CTGU‐SnC‐10 is a cationic pentavalent γ‐Keggin structure without isomerization. Besides the electrostatic interaction, the NaSn12 cationic clusters have a strong hydrogen‐bond interaction with polycarboxylic ligands, resulting in the formation of a 3D hydrogen‐bonded framework. These are conducive to stabilizing the γ‐Keggin structure. Moreover, the CTGU‐SnC‐10 exhibits high hydrophobicity and a small band gap due to the organic functional groups of the framework.
Silver N‐Heterocyclic Biscarbene Complexes: Potent Inhibitors of Thioredoxin Reductase with Anticancer Activity in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Esarev Igor V. , Wu Chengnan , Kirsanova Anna A. , Türck Sebastian , Lippmann Petra , Jones Peter G. , Babak Maria V. , Ott Ingo
Published: January 2025

Silver N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes are known to form biscarbene species from monocarbene analogs in protic polar solvents. However, the effect of the respective species of silver NHC complexes on their biological activity against bacteria or cancer cells has not been systematically explored, either in vitro or in vivo. The direct and simple conversion of monocarbene silver N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) halide complexes (NHC)AgX, (X=Cl, Br) 1 a/b–5 a/b to their biscarbene analogues (NHC)2AgX 1 c/d–5 c/d is reported. The biscarbenes demonstrated generally lower activity against bacteria compared to the monocarbene complexes; however, both types showed similar activity against tumor cells and a non‐tumor reference cell line. Selected mono‐ and biscarbene complexes 3 a and 3 c showed similar strong inhibitory effects on thioredoxin reductase in vitro and in cellulo and had a similar level of metal uptake into A549 cells. The subsequent evaluation of their effects in vivo revealed relatively low toxicity and high antitumoral efficacy of both selected complexes in mice. The biscarbene silver organometallic 3 c showed the most pronounced reduction of tumor growth in animals. The results indicate that both (NHC)AgX and (NHC)2AgX complexes could trigger their anticancer activity as biscarbene complexes, making this the preferred form for future anticancer metallodrug development.
Prototyp einer vollmodularen Straßenbrücke
Authors: Schaarschmidt David , Jesse Frank , Putz Jakob , Flederer Holger , Bösche Thomas
Published: January 2025

Aufgrund einer ungünstigen Altersstruktur und begrenzter Investitionen in den Erhalt von Brücken im Zuge der Straßeninfrastruktur Deutschlands werden kurz‐ und mittelfristig erhebliche finanzielle sowie baulogistische Anstrengungen erforderlich, um deren Leistungsfähigkeit sicherzustellen. Das betrifft sowohl die Bundesfernstraßen mit etwa 4000 Brücken im Sofortmaßnahmenprogramm als auch das kommunale Straßennetz, dessen Brückenbestand zu 17 % aus Bauwerken besteht, die vor 1945 erbaut wurden. In diesem Kontext stellen modulare Schnellbausysteme eine Lösungsoption dar, die in kürzester Zeit errichtet werden kann und damit die negativen Folgeerscheinungen von Baustellen minimiert. Im vom BMWK geförderten Forschungsvorhaben Pilotanwendung modularer Brückenbau (PAMB) wurde ein solches System für Straßenbrücken mit kleinen und mittleren Stützweiten entwickelt. Der realisierte maximale Vorfertigungsgrad ermöglicht für Einfeldbauwerke die Herstellung eines voll funktionsfähigen Überbaus an nur einem Arbeitstag. Die extrem kurze Bauzeit wird durch das kraftschlüssige Fügen der Module mittels Vorspannung erreicht. Durch vorgespannte Trockenfugen kann gänzlich auf Fugenverguss oder Verklebung verzichtet werden.
Isolation, Purification, and Characterization of Lentinus edodes Polysaccharides Extracted With Subcritical Water Enhanced With Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Wen Chaoting , Ye Zhiqiang , Liu Guoyan , Liang Li , Liu Xiaofang , Li Youdong , Xu Xin , Zhang Jixian
Published: January 2025

The Lentinus edodes polysaccharide (LEP) was extracted with a new subcritical water extraction (SWE) enhanced with deep eutectic solvent (DES) method and then purified with a DEAE‐52 cellulose column and a Sephadex G‐100 column. Two purified polysaccharides (LEP1 and LEP2) were obtained, and their structure, antioxidant activity, and immunomodulatory activity were analyzed. LEP1 and LEP2 were composed of mannose, glucose, and galactose with a molar ratio of 1:12.97:7.84 and 1:51.18:5.29, respectively. The molecular weights were 9.878 × 104 and 1.976 × 104 Da, respectively. Interestingly, both LEP1 and LEP2 were mainly composed of →4)‐β‐d‐Glcp‐(1→, →6)‐β‐d‐Glcp‐(1→ and →6)‐α‐d‐Galp‐(1→ with different molar ratio. Besides, both LEP1 and LEP2 had strong DPPH free radical scavenging activity and Fe2+ chelating capacity. Moreover, they could reduce the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulate the activities of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in HepG2 cells, demonstrating strong antioxidant activity. Furthermore, both LEP1 and LEP2 could improve the phagocytic capacity, nitric oxide (NO) release, and the content of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in RAW264.7 cells, exhibiting significant immunostimulatory activity. It was worth noting that LEP2 exhibited stronger biological activities than LEP1. Therefore, the SWE enhanced with DES is an ideal method for extracting polysaccharides, which can be further applied to extract other polysaccharides.
False Mating of Blackbirds (Turdus merula) and Fieldfares (Turdus pilaris)
Authors: Wysocki Dariusz , Dudzińska‐Nowak Joanna
Published: January 2025

During an intensive study of the urban population of the blackbird Turdus merula in Szczecin (1997–2023), four cases of surrogate copulation were observed in the blackbird and three in the fieldfare Turdus pilaris. In three cases, birds (blackbirds twice and fieldfare once) try to copulate with fledglings of their own species, and in all other cases, the birds try to copulate with moss and sticks. In three cases copulation, attempts were done by adult birds (two blackbirds and one fieldfare), and in four cases, it was a fledgling.
Spatial and Temporal Relationships Between Roe and Red Deer in an Alpine Area
Authors: Donini Valerio , Pedrotti Luca , Ferretti Francesco , Iacona Elisa , Lorenzetti Lucrezia , Cozzi Francesca , Corlatti Luca
Published: January 2025

Interspecific interactions are important drivers of population dynamics and species distribution. These relationships can increase niche partitioning between sympatric species, which can differentiate space and time use or modify their feeding strategies. Roe deer Capreolus capreolus and red deer Cervus elaphus are two of the most widespread ungulate species in Europe and show spatial and dietary overlap. However, limited information is available on their interspecific relationships, especially in mountainous areas. In this study we used 5 years of camera trapping data collected in the Stelvio National Park (Central Italian Alps) to investigate spatial and temporal interactions between roe deer and red deer. Analyses were based on 2060 and 9030 roe deer and red deer detections, respectively, collected from July to September, from 2019 to 2023, using 50 camera traps randomly distributed over a 10,000‐ha study area. Spatial interactions were assessed by fitting a single‐season, single‐species occupancy model to calculate the probability of roe deer detection and occupancy as a function of relative red deer abundance and site‐specific environmental covariates. Temporal interactions were obtained by comparing the diel activity patterns of the two species. Results showed no significant effect of red deer relative abundance on the probability of presence of roe deer. Spatial analysis suggested a higher probability of roe deer presence in forested habitats, at lower elevations, and in areas with gentler slopes. Diel activity patterns of roe deer were consistent across sites with higher and lower red deer relative abundance, with moderate to high interspecific overlap, suggesting moderate temporal partitioning and no major support for temporal avoidance of the latter by the former. The high degree of overlap between the two species may be the result of area‐specific ecological conditions, such as the widespread distribution of red deer during the summer period, as well as of the adoption of strategies that favor coexistence.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of a New Isospora (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) Species From a Singing Honeyeater (Gavicalis virescens Vieillot, 1817) (Passeriformes: Meliphagidae) in Western Australia
Authors: Chen Yinhua , Brice Belinda , Berto Bruno P. , Yang Rongchang
Published: January 2025

We describe and characterize a new Isospora species from the Singing honeyeater (Gavicalis virescens) in Western Australia, both morphologically and molecularly. Microscopic analysis of a fecal sample identified 25 ellipsoidal oocysts, measuring 21–25 × 18–20 μm (mean 23.4 × 18.7 μm), with a length/width (L/W) ratio of 1.2–1.3 (mean 1.25). The oocyst wall is bilayered and ~1.0 μm thick, with a smooth outer layer making up about two‐thirds of the thickness. A micropyle cap, measuring ~2.0 × 4.5 μm, is present as a curved protrusion on the outer layer. The micropyle itself is ~4.5 μm wide. The oocysts lack a residuum but contain 1–2 polar granules. The 25 ellipsoidal sporocysts measured 14–15 × 8–9 μm (mean 14.1 × 8.7 μm) with an L/W ratio of 1.6–1.7 (mean 1.62). The Stieda body is flattened (~0.5 × 1.5 μm), the sub‐Stieda body is rounded (~1.5 × 2.5 μm), and the para‐Stieda body is absent. The sporocyst residuum, composed of clustered spherules, is ~3.5 × 3.5 μm. Sporozoites contain anterior and posterior refractile bodies and a nucleus. Molecular analysis of the 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and COI gene loci showed a 99.5% genetic similarity to Isospora neochmiae at the 18S rRNA locus and 99.2% and 97.7% similarities to Isospora manorinae at the 28S rRNA and COI loci, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the new species is closely related to I. manorinae. Based on these data, we propose this isolate as a new species, Isospora virescensae n. sp.
Molecular Insights Into the Sensory Adaption of the Cave‐Dwelling Leech Sinospelaeobdella wulingensis to the Karst Cave Environment
Authors: Wen Xi , Xiang Haiyang , Zhang Mengqing , Yan Aoran , Xiang Dongqing , Zou Jie , Zhang Yue , Huang Xinglong , Liu Zhixiao
Published: January 2025

Karst caves are a unique environment significantly different from the external environment; adaptation of cave‐dwelling animals to the cave environment is often accompanied by shifts in the sensory systems. Aquatic and terrestrial leeches have been found in the karst caves. In this study, we conducted a transcriptome analysis on the cave‐dwelling leech Sinospelaeobdella wulingensis. A total of 29,286 unigenes were obtained by assembling the clean reads, and only 395 genes are differentially expressed in winter and summer samples. Two piezo‐type mechanosensitive ion channels (Piezos), eight transient receptor potential channels (TRPs), and six ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) were identified in the transcriptome. These channels/receptors are transmembrane proteins sharing conserved structural features in the respective protein families. SwPiezo1 shares high identity with Piezos in non‐caving leeches. SwiGluRs are conserved in protein sequence and share high identities with homologous proteins in other leeches. In contrast, SwTRPs belong to different subfamilies and share diverse identities with TRPs in other species. Gene expression analysis showed that two SwPiezos, five SwTRPs, and one SwiGluR are abundantly expressed in both winter and summer samples. These results suggest that SwPiezos, SwTRPs, and SwiGluRs are candidate sensory channels/receptors that may have roles in mechanosensory and chemosensory systems. High expression levels of Piezo and TRP genes imply a mechanosensory adaptation of S. wulingensis to the hanging living style in caves. Furthermore, enrichment of sensory genes in the oral sucker indicates the important role of this tissue in response to environmental stimuli. Similar gene expression profiles in winter and summer samples imply a stable physiological status of S. wulingensis in the cave environment.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck‐Matsuda Reaction of Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Alcohols with Aryl Triazenes: Unexpected Role of Nitric Acid as the Promoter
Authors: Shen Yue , Pan Mengni , Liu Daming , You Hui , He Xinying , Li Yang , Shen Chaoren , Zhao Mengmeng , Li Wanfang
Published: January 2025

We herein developed a mild and ligand‐free palladium‐catalyzed Heck‐Matsuda reaction between Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman alcohols (MBHAs) and aryl triazenes. After thorough screening of the acids, nitric acid (HNO3) was unexpectedly found to be the most effective promoter for in situ generation of arenediazonium salts. This coupling reaction allows for a highly selective production of a various α‐arylmethyl β‐keto esters from readily accessible starting materials.
The Acute Effects Of Hip Thrust and Glute Bridge Exercises With Different Loads on Sprint Performance and Horizontal Force–Velocity Profile in Adolescent Soccer Players: A Post‐Activation Performance Enhancement Approach
Authors: Çabuk Salih , İnce İzzet
Published: January 2025

This study examines the acute effects of post‐activation performance enhancement (PAPE) with different loads (84% and 60% 1‐RM) and exercises (hip thrust; HT and glute bridge; GB) on sprint performance (SP) and horizontal force–velocity (HF–V) profile components in adolescent male soccer players. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups: hip thrust group (HTG; n = 13), glute bridge group (GBG; n = 13), and control group (CG; n = 14). Sprint tests at distances of 10, 20, and 30 m were conducted pre‐PAPE and post‐PAPE protocols with a 7 min rest period. HTG and GBG executed HT and GB exercises at 84% and 60% of their 1‐RM loads. Hedge's g was computed to assess within‐group (pre‐PAPE vs. post‐PAPE) comparisons (Within‐ES) and between‐group (post‐PAPE protocols) comparisons (Between‐ES). PAPE protocols at 84% and 60% 1‐RM loads demonstrated moderate effects on F0rel, Pmaxrel, FVslope, and DRF and small effects on V0, RFmax, and S20m in both HTG and GBG. Conversely, the CG exhibited trivial effects across parameters. Compared to the HTG 84% 1‐RM protocol, the GBG 84% 1‐RM protocol showed small effects on V0 and S10m. The HTG 60% 1‐RM protocol had a small effect on RFmax compared to both GBG 84% and 60% 1‐RM protocols. Both HTG and GBG 84% and 60% 1‐RM protocols demonstrated small effects on S30m compared to the CG. These findings suggest that GB exercises may offer a viable alternative to HT exercises for eliciting PAPE effects, particularly in enhancing SP and related mechanics in adolescent soccer players.
First Principles Study of Electronic, Vibrational, Elastic, and Thermodynamic Properties of Sc‐X (X = P, S, Se) Compounds
Authors: Yadav S. K. , Dahal S. , Khadka R. , Guragain B. , Pokharel P. , Oli P. , Adhikari D.
Published: January 2025

The available literature on Sc‐X (X = P, S, Se) compounds was comprehensively reviewed which revealed the unavailability of temperature‐dependent mechanical and thermodynamic properties of the materials to date. In this regard, the mixing properties of the compounds were investigated on the basis of density functional theory using Quantum ESSPRESSO codes. The obtained results of structural stability, electronic and mechanical properties of the work were found to be consistent with the available literature data which validates the present computational approach. The considered compounds were found to be stable and elastic constants satisfied the Born stability criteria. The phonon dispersion curves and phonon density of states were calculated which confirmed their dynamic stability. Using the same functionals, temperature‐dependent mechanical properties such as isothermal bulk modulus (BT), isoentropic bulk modulus (BS), BS‐BT, and the pressure derivative of the bulk modulus (dB/dP) were calculated in the temperature range 0–800 K. In thermodynamic properties, Helmholtz free energy, thermal energy, vibrational free energy, entropy, vibrational energy, thermal expansion, Grüneisen parameter, isochoric heat capacity (Cv), isobaric heat capacity (Cp), and Cp‐Cv, were also investigated in the temperature range.
Numerical Simulation Study on the Effect of Bend Angle on the Flow Characteristics of Natural Gas Hydrate Particles
Authors: Shao Dongliang , Zhang Chenglong , Rao Yongchao , Wang Shuli , Li Fei , Yu Meng , Su Wenjuan , Wu Wenjing , Gong Zijia
Published: January 2025

Bend pipe is a commonly used part of long‐distance pipelines. It is very important to study the flow law of hydrate particles in the bend pipe to optimize pipeline design. In addition, the efficiency and safety of pipeline gas transmission will be improved. The flow of hydrate particles in the bend pipe is the research object of this paper, and the short twist tape is used as the spiral device, and numerical simulation methods are used to study the effects of the bend angle and the twist rate on the velocity distribution, turbulence intensity distribution, wall shear, particle movement and pressure drop distribution of the spiral flow carrying hydrate particles. The results show that as the twist rate of the twist tape is smaller, and the spiral flow is stronger, the fluid can generate a larger tangential velocity when flowing through the bend. The maximum speed at the section closest to the entrance is 28% higher than at the section furthest. Maximum tangential speed increased by 2 times. When the angle of the bend is larger, and velocity is more conducive to maintaining the spiral flow pattern of the particles, it is also more conducive to maintain. However, the twist rate is smaller, and the resistance is greater, then the pressure drop is greater, and the resistance coefficient of the bend pipe section is greater. With the increase of torsion, the pressure drop decreased by 52%. When the angle of the bend pipe section becomes smaller, it increases the collision frequency between the pipe wall and the natural gas. Unit pressure drop loss increased by 13%. When the angle is smaller, the change in the direction of the velocity of the particles will be more violent, and the pressure drop is larger, and the drag coefficient is larger. In the same section, the maximum turbulence intensity is about twice the minimum.
Stability Analysis and Failure Control of Composite Roof in Mining Roadway Considering Plastic Zone Expansion
Authors: Pan Kun , Hou Biao , Zhang Zhen , Ju Wenjun , Huang Dongshan , Wang Yinwei
Published: January 2025

To address the problems of the large deformation of surrounding rock, failure of support, and even roof fall under the influence of severe mining in the return airway of the panel I0116306 in Mindong No.1 Coal Mine, the fracture evolution characteristics and deformation law of the roadway composite roof were investigated through numerical simulation, theoretical analysis, and on‐site detection. With the continuous evolution of the magnitude and direction of the main stress in the surrounding rock of the mining roadway with a composite roof, the following observations were made: first, plastic failure occurred in the shallow area; second, because the undamaged hard coal seam cannot block the expansion of the plastic zone, the plastic zone crosses the undamaged hard coal seam and expands into the deep part. The strong deformation pressure caused by the expanding plastic failure of the deep interlayer leads to tensile fracture failure at the middle of the lower part of the undamaged hard coal seam, and to overall instability. According to the evolutionary pattern of the plastic zone in the composite roof of the mining roadway, the multi‐level coupling support technology (MCST) focusing on the fracture morphology of the composite roof is applied to the test roadway. The field monitoring results reveal that the application effect is satisfactory.