bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Actual Issues оf Bilingual Hungarian-Bulgarian Lexicography
Authors:   Sofia University, Lesnichkova Lilyana
Published: November 2021

The article focuses on the presentation of the Hungarian-Bulgarian valence dictionary, which is currently in preparation, against the background of an extremely actual task – the creation of an academic English-Bulgarian dictionary, adequately reflecting the current state of vocabulary in both languages. The author substantiates the need for such a dictionary, given the lack of general and specialized Hungarian-Bulgarian dictionaries, based on the theoretical foundations and principles of modern lexicography. Outlined are the main features of the dictionary, the specificities and approaches in the work of its compilation. The selection of material and the methods of its presentation are in accordance with the practical needs of learners of Hungarian as a foreign language.
Motivations and Difficulties in Learning Foreign Language that Contemporary Students Face
Authors:   Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”, Dzhumayov Georgi
Published: November 2021

The present study aims to test students’ motivation in foreign language classes. The survey also aims to gather information which area of learning English or Spanish contemporary students consider most difficult to acquire – reading, writing, listening, speaking, grammar, vocabulary, and why they have decided to learn the relevant foreign language.
The “Global Simulations” Model in the Teaching of Spanish in the Field of Ichthyology
Authors:   Sofia University, Pavlov Mihal
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this article is to present the contemporary application of global simulations in the teaching of specialized Spanish in the field of ichthyology. The methods of linguodidactic archeology and linguodidactological analysis are used. The perspectives and concrete results of the application of the “Global Simulations” method in teaching ichthyological terminology to Bulgarian students studying Spanish are studied. The different phases of the application of this method are presented and conclusions are made about its effectiveness in the conditions of the Bulgarian educational system.
Language, Power, Media
Authors:   Institute for Bulgarian Language - BAS, Georgievа Mariana
Published: November 2021

Media language is a prototype of the public consent for the media to be defined through compromise as a fourth position in the paradigm of power as a philosophical category, whose explications before the media are legislative, executive, judicial. The linguistic norm and the cognitive-rhetorical characteristic of the media discourse are the prototype of the metaphor of the "fourth power". The formation of the information-language culture and the preservation of the language norm is the high social responsibility of the media discourse. The media is a prototype of public consciousness, a “picture” of national identity – a unit of political and socio-economic information and cultural “taste” (a sample of art and its list).
The Didactics Of Ffl At The Crossroads Of Cognitive Linguistics And Discursive Language
Authors:   Moscow City University, Tareva Elena , Porshneva Elena ,   Linguistics University of Nizhny Novgorod, Abdulmianova Indira ,   Moscow City University
Published: November 2021

The interdisciplinary aspect of Language teaching allows it to always remain in the active phase of its development. This communication aims to analyze the variants of coexistence of the acquired knowledge of several sciences in the organization of the teaching of modern languages. The authors study the epistemological origins of the current processes guiding the functioning of the teaching of French as a foreign language, analyze key concepts, which emergence is due to the combination of ideas from different fields, and share experiences of teaching French based on the interaction of avant-garde approaches. The recourse to the theory of language activity, cognitive and discursive sciences, emerged in this new anthropocentric paradigm where the learner is placed at the center of the educational process, reshapes the methodological pillars of the didactics of FFL, namely its object, its objectives. , its content and methods. At the same time, these areas offer tools for building a language teaching system best suited to current axiological values.
About Some Peculiarities of Teaching and Learning Spanish Legal Language to Non-Native Speakers
Authors:   Universidad de Salamanca, Videva Radomira
Published: November 2021

The teaching and learning Spanish legal language as a foreign language for professional and academic purposes has been studied in the present article. The autor departs from trying to examine its main characteristic features and the most common difficulties in the learning process resulting from them. Afterwards, the use of some didactic tools based on learner's profile, specific needs and expectations are explained. These tools don't require a language immersion environment outside the classroom and are designed to help teaching and learning Spanish legal language to university students and professionals such as lawyers, philologists, interpreters and translators.
Prevention and Correction of Deviant and Delinquent Behavior Reflected in Art: Evaluation of an Algorithm Analysis
Authors:   Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Polihronov Daniel
Published: November 2021

The problem of the reflection of prevention and correction of deviant and delinquent behaviour in art is not new, but it is contemporary and insufficiently researched in Bulgaria. In order to clarify and expand the competencies of students in the Faculty of Education of Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” prepared to work in the field of prevention and correction of behaviour deviating from the moral and legal norms, a task is set for the analysis of an artwork that interprets the problem of deviant and delinquent behaviour. An algorithm for artwork analysing related to the problem of deviant and delinquent behaviour and their prevention is proposed. An assessment of the students' analyses based on the taxonomies of V. Belspalko and B. Bloom is presented.
Diagnosis of the Acquired Literature Knowledge in Students in Class IV through a Test Verification
Authors:   South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Stamenova Iva
Published: November 2021

The present study aims at diagnosing the knowledge of students in literature from IVth grade through training in reading and extracurricular reading. The results obtained in the course of the research aim at ascertaining the students' knowledge regarding previously studied literary works. With the test check the teacher has the opportunity to establish not only the level of the mastered teaching material, but also the omissions of the fourth graders in order to take timely measures for their elimination. The practice of teaching shows that too often students, after acquiring certain knowledge of literature, do not return to what was previously studied in order to recall it, but turn their attention to the new literary work. Thus the information is forgotten, as a result of which the test examination reveals superficially acquired knowledge or lack of such. In this regard, the study, conducted with two classes of fourth-graders, designated as EG – experimental group and CG – control group, aims to compare their knowledge, as well as the reasons for the mistakes. The idea in this case is to take good examples from the practice of teaching, to direct teachers and students to recall the previous teaching material, as they need it as much as the one they are currently studying in the curriculum of the respective publishing house.
Violência infantil no Brasil: Panorama das notificações e indicadores desse fenômeno
Authors: Silva Fernanda Gonçalves da , Fonseca Pâmela  Cristine dos Santos Bastos da , Dantas Jeanne dos Santos Oliveira Marques , Silva Cíntia Cassimiro da , Carvalho Clarissa Teixeira Cardoso de
Published: November 2021

Este estudo foi feito em duas etapas. A primeira atualizou o artigo intitulado “Violência infantil no Brasil e suas consequências psicológicas: uma revisão sistemática”, estudo bibliográfico dos tipos de violência infantil mais estudados e suas consequências biopsicossociais como indicadores do fenômeno. A segunda analisou as notificações deste tipo de violência no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN NET) e Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), utilizando como critérios de análise a classificação dos tipos de violência da revisão anterior, a classificação etária e recorte temporal de acordo com a publicação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), 1990.  A literatura identificou oito tipos de violência, destacando a sexual. Foram identificados diversos indicadores, sendo evidenciados: os danos psicológicos/emocionais, traumas/doenças físicas, abuso de álcool e outras substâncias, problemas no desenvolvimento, entre outros. Em contraste, o SINAN NET, que notifica compulsoriamente, destacou a negligência/abandono, seguida da violência física. Já o IBGE, que levanta dados sociodemográficos, apresentou informações mais generalistas e escassas.
Comparison of Medical Treatment and Acupuncture in Treatment of Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction: a Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: EVREN İsmail , ÖZTEKİN İlhan , ATAYOGLU Ali Timucin , BUCCHOLZ Noor
Published: November 2021

Objective: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the persistent inability to achieve or maintain an erection that is sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of acupuncture in psychogenic ED patients, in comparison with the medical treatment. Material-Method: A total of 60 male patients, with psychogenic ED were randomized into 4 groups as electro-acupuncture only, electro-acupuncture and oral sildenafil 25 mg, a placebo sham acupuncture and oral sildenafil 50 mg only. The treatment lasted for six weeks in all groups, and patients were evaluated with the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5 scores).Results: After the treatment, all groups except the placebo group showed a significant increase in IIEF-5 scores, without significant differences among them. Conclusion: Acupuncture can be used in the complementary treatment of psychogenic ED patients.
Investigation of the Effects of Lavender Oil Aromatherapy to Prevent Preoperative Anxiety in Patients Scheduled for Tympanoplasty
Authors: EĞİLMEZ Oğuz Kadir , GÜVEN Mehmet , YILMAZ Ayten , GÜVEN Ebru Mihriban , GÜNDOĞAN Mahmut Emre
Published: November 2021

Objective: Anxiety is a common problem before surgical procedures. The effectiveness of aromatherapy in preoperative anxiety control has been demonstrated by some studies. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of lavender oil inhalation on anxiety levels in patients before ear surgery. Material-Method: The study was conducted in the Otorhinolaryngology clinic of a tertiary university hospital. A total of 68 patients (34 in the study group, 34 in the control group) who were scheduled for tympanoplasty operation were included in the study. Inhalation of lavender oil was used in the patients in the study group before the operation, and liquid paraffin was used in the control group. A personal information form and State-Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI) were used to collect data.Results: In the study group, the mean STAI pre-test and post-test mean scores were 44.50 ± 12.38 and 36.48 ± 10.73, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference (p <0.05). These values were 45.60 ± 12.35 and 41.83 ± 10.78, respectively, in the control group, and the difference was not statistically significant (p> 0.05). Also, when the posttest STAI mean scores were evaluated between the study and control groups, a statistically significant difference was found (p <0.05).Conclusion: Lavender oil inhalation before ear surgery has been found to reduce anxiety levels in patients.
Influence of Educational Strategies on Online Learning in Kenyan Institutions of Higher Learning amid COVID 19 Pandemic
Authors:   Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nduati Peterson , Kariuki Paul ,   Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Wanjohi Peter ,   Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nguyo Reuben ,   aita Taveta University
Published: November 2021

The study sought to establish the influence of educational strategies on online learning in Kenyan institutions of higher learning amid COVID 19 Pandemic. Higher learning institutions, like every other educational institution were forced to close down to curb the spread of covid-19. As centers of innovation across the world, universities were expected to come up with solutions. Higher learning institutions in Kenya embraced online learning. Naturally, there were concerns as to whether such institutions can handle such a massive transformation seemingly overnight. These institutions had to initiate online lectures as well as exams in some cases in order to continue with a school calendar that had already suffered greatly as a result of the covid-19 pandemic. The transition has not been perfect and has faced a number of challenges. The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes. A critical review of empirical literature was conducted to establish the influence of educational strategies on online learning in institutions of higher learning in Kenya. The study concludes that the educational strategies have a positive influence on online learning and can be applied individually or collectively depending on the circumstances. The study recommends that institutions of higher learning in Kenya should apply cooperative learning activities in online learning. The study also recommends that institutions should also use differentiation strategy so as to use different techniques for different students and that institutions of higher learning apply the behavioral approach technique by encouraging good behaviors by praise and motivation. Keywords: Educational Strategies, Online Learning, Covid 19, Higher Learning
Advancing Data-driven Decision-making for School Improvement: Findings from the One Tablet Per School User Testing Programme in Sierra Leone
Authors: McBurnie Chris , Beoku-Betts Iman , Waistell Daniel , Nallo Michael
Published: November 2021

An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
DEVELOPMENT, CHARACTERIZATION AND BRAIN DISTRIBUTION STUDIES OF NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIER CONTAINING SAQUINAVIR MESYLATE FOR NASAL ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Mahajan H. S. , Patel M. I. ,   R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Near Karvand Naka, Shirpur - 425 405, Dist: Dhule, Maharashtra, India.
Published: November 2021

The aim of the present study was to formulate saquinavir mesylate loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (SQVM-NLC) and evaluate its brain distribution after nasal administration. NLCs reveal some advantages for drug therapy over conventional carriers, including increased solubility, the ability to enhance storage stability, improved permeability and bioavailability, reduced adverse effect, prolonged half-life, and tissue-targeted delivery. SQVM-NLCs were prepared by hot high pressure homogenization and subsequent stabilization by lyophilization. QVM- NLC developed showed a particle with the size of 124.4 nm, polydispersity index of 0.267, entrapment efficiency of 73% and the zeta potential of -24.9 mV. The results from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD)and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrated that SQVM was present in NLC in an encapsulated molecule form. Mucosal toxicity study on sheep nasal mucosa showed no significant adverse effect of SQVMloaded NLC. SQVM-NLC showed slower release compared with saquinavir mesylate suspension in vitro. In vivo brain distribution studies demonstrated desired drug concentration in brain after intra nasal administration of SQVM-NLC than PDS. The results of the study also suggest that SQVM-NLC could be a promising drug delivery system for antiretroviral therapy.
SYSTEMIC STANDARDISATION OF LOHASAVA - AN ANTI ANEMIC POLYHERBAL FORMULATION
Authors: Mansuri A. A , Desai S. S. ,   Department of Quality Assurance, S.S.R. College of Pharmacy, S.S.R. Campus, Sayli Road, Silvassa - 396 230, India.
Published: November 2021

Lohasava is a self-fermented polyherbal formulation used in the treatment of anemia, jaundice and digestive disorders. The aim of present study was to standardise a commercially available brand of Lohasava with respect to various physico-chemical and toxicological parameters. Alcohol-soluble and water soluble extractives were found to be 25.16% w/V and 28.18% w/V, respectively. Reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars were found to be 23.25% w/V and 0.45% w/V, respectively. Ethanol content was found to be 5.93% V/V employing headspace GC technique. Heavy metal analysis by ICP-AES showed the absence of lead and mercury whereas arsenic and cadmium were present within specified limits of WHO. Iron content for Lohasava was estimated to be 2.5 μg/mL. The formulation was also evaluated for microbial load showing absence of E. coli, P. aerugenosa, S. aureus and permissible levels of aerobic viable bacteria and moulds. The ethyl acetate extract of Lohasava showed 0.000186% w/V of gallic acid, quantified by HPTLC.
SIMULTANEOUS EQUATION METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF PALBOCICLIB AND LETROZOLE BY UV-VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Authors: Dange Y. D. , Salunkhe V. R. , Bhinge S. D. , Bhutkar B. R. , Momin Y. H. ,   Annasaheb Dange College of Pharmacy, Ashata, Dist – Sangli - 415 404, Maharashtra, India.
Published: November 2021

A simple, rapid, accurate, economic and precise UV/VIS method has been developed and validated. Choice of a common solvent were essential so various solvent ranges including methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile and phosphate buffer and various concentrations ranges of various buffers were analyzed. methanol was selected as a solvent for the proposed method. Palbociclib and letrozole showed maximum absorbance at 220 and 240 nm respectively. Both drugs obey Beer Lambert’s law in the concentration range of 2-10 μg mL-1 for palbociclib and letrozole respectively. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.0782 μg mL-1and 0.2142μg mL-1for palbociclib, respectively. For Letrozole, the LOD and LOQ values were found to be 0.0585 μg mL-1and 1.6510μg mL-1 respectively. The method was quantitatively evaluated in terms of linearity, precision, precision, LOD, LOQ and recovery. The method is simple, convenient and suitable for the analysis of palbociclib and letrozole in bulk drug.
DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINED RELEASE GASTRO-RETENTIVE TABLET FORMULATION OF BEPOTASTINE BESILATE USING QUALITY BY DESIGN (QBD) APPROACH
Authors: Chudiwal V. S , Shahi S. , Chudiwal S. ,   Department of Regulatory affairs, Wockhardt Research Centre, D-4, M.I.D.C., Chikalthana, Aurangabad – 431 006, Maharashtra, India.
Published: November 2021

The objective of the present study was to develop sustained release gastro-retentive (SRGR) tablet formulation of bepotastine besilate for once-a-day dosing using quality by design (QbD) approach. Quality target product profile (QTPP) of bepotastine besilate SRGR tablet formulation was defined and critical quality attributes (CQAs) were identified. Potential risk factors were identified using fish bone diagram and failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) tool and screened by Plackett–Burman design and finally bepotastine besilate SRGR tablet formulation was optimized using Box–Behnken design. It was observed that formulation variables X1: hydrophobic release controlling agent (mg/tab) and X2: hydrophilic release controlling agent (mg/tab) have strikingly influenced drug release (%) (Y1), while floating lag time (min) (Y2) was significantly impacted by formulation variable X4: gas generating agent (mg/tab). A design space plot within which the CQAs remained unchanged was established at lab scale. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the suitability of a hydrophobic-hydrophilic polymer combination along with gas generating agent to achieve SRGR tablet formulation for once-a-day dosing of bepotastine besilate using systematic QbD approach.
ANTIARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF NARDOSTACHYS JATAMANSI ROOT EXTRACT ON FREUND’S ADJUVANT INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN RATS
Authors: Shah S. , Shah K. , Patel B. ,   Department of Pharmacology, Sardar Patel College of Pharmacy, Bakrol - 388 315, Gujarat, India.
Published: November 2021

The present research work was aimed to evaluate anti-arthritic activity of methanolic extract of Nardostachys jatamansi root on Freund’s adjuvant induced arthritis model in rats. Dried root powder was extracted and coded as NJRE (Nardostachys jatamansi root extract). Antiarthritic activity of NJRE was screened at the doses of 100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg p.o. Treatment with NJRE markedly reduced paw volume, arthritic index, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and Total White Blood Cell (WBC) count, while markedly increasing Red Blood Cell (RBC) count and Hb as compared to arthritic animals. Rheumatoid Factor was significantly reduced in NJRE treated group when compared to arthritic animals. The abnormalities found in histopathological studies of joints of arthritic animals were prevented by the administration of NJRE 400 mg/kg. It can be concluded that NJRE possesses a significant antiarthritic activity that may be due to the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, phenols and tannins.
SUSTAINED RELEASE MATRIX TABLETS OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM EMPLOYING KOLLIDON SR, PEG 6000, LACTOSE MONO HYDRATE AND EUDRAGIT S100 IN COLON TARGET
Authors: Taraka Ramarao Ch. , Srinivasa Rao B. , Vijayaratana J. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Venkateswara College of Pharmacy, Etcherla, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh - 532 410, India.
Published: November 2021

Matrix Tablets, each containing 50 mg of diclofenac sodium, are prepared employing Kollidon SR by direct compression method. All the tablets were found to be non-disintegrating in acidic (pH1.2) and alkaline (pH 7.4) fluids. As such, the prepared tablets were of good quality with respect to drug content, hardness and friability. As the tablets formulated were non- disintegrating in acidic fluids, they are considered suitable for colon targeting. From the drug release study, it may be concluded that the (DK2) E2 formula of diclofenac sodium matrix tablets gives the desired release profile by showing a minimal release during the lag period of 5 h and complete release at the end of 12 h. The tablets having the optimised formula (DK2)E2, having 25% Kollidon SR with 5% of channelling agent (Eudragit S100 to that of Kollidon SR) showed minimal release of 27. 4% in the lag period of 5 hours and 99.3 % of the drug was released y the end of 12 h. The diclofenac sodium matrix tablets formulated by employing Kollidon SR and various channelling agents showed non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and followed zero order kinetics. The optimized formula (DK2) E2 follows Supercase II transport as mechanism for drug release and it follows zero order kinetics. Matrix tablets (DK2) E2 formulated employing 25% Kollidon SR and 5% Eudragit S100 are best suited to be used for colon targeting of diclofenac sodium.
ATTENUATED TOTAL REFLECTANCE FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY(ATR-FTIR) METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF DAPAGLIFLOZIN IN TABLETS
Authors: Sabbagh B. , Lokesh B. V. S , Akowuah G. A. ,   Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, no.1 Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Published: November 2021

Dapagliflozin (DAPA) is a promising novel antidiabetic agent, approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2014. There is a lack of analytical methods for routine quality control of DAPA in pharmaceutical formulations. A validated Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) method is presented for the determination of DAPA in tablets. The calibration curve is constructed on peak height location at a specific wavenumber of 1065 cm-1 with correlation coefficient of 0.997. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.008(%w/w) and 0.04 (%w/w), respectively. The method was found to be precise over a range of 10- 100%, with intra-day and inter-day precision values less than 8 and 11, respectively. The percentage of mean recovery was estimated at 96.15 ±3.45. The validated method was used for the quantification of DAPA in tablets and percentage of labeled amount was found to be 96.15 ±3.45. No significant interference was observed by excipients in the tablet formulation during the spectral analysis.
RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND ITS VALIDATION FOR EVALUATION OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATION
Authors: Sankar K. , Jadhav A. P. ,   Department of Quality Assurance, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, Sector-8, C.B.D. Belapur, Navi Mumbai - 400 614. Maharashtra, India.
Published: November 2021

Curcumin and embelin, which are the active constituents of Haridra and Vidanga, respectively, were used as marker compounds for developing a simple, accurate, precise and robust RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation from Talekt capsule. It is a polyherbal formulation used for enhancing the immune response to dermal infections and also for treating skin disorders. The mobile phase of methanol: 1% ortho phosphoric acid in water in the ratio of 90:10 V/V was used for separation. Retention time of curcumin and embelin were found to be 2.77 ± 0.2 minutes and 7.77 ± 0.2 minutes, respectively. The developed method was validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines.
PROTECTIVE ROLE OF FICUS RACEMOSA IN DIABETES INDUCED NEUROPATHY: STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL EVIDENCES
Authors: Solanki N , Bhavsar S. K ,   Dept. of Pharmacology, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy Charusat, Changa – 388 421, Petlad, Anand, Gujarat, India.
Published: November 2021

Ficus racemosa is used in traditional system of medicine for various health problems and diseases, and is commonly known as Gular fig. The main objective was to study its effects against streptozotocin induced diabetic neuropathy by structural and functional marker. Investigation of diabetic neuropathy was carried out through functional and structural assessment in streptozotocin induced in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were treated for 28 days in dose dependent manner of Ficus racemosa aqueous extract (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) and ethanolic extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg). Study showed marked protection observed by Ficus racemosa in hippocampus region of brain and sciatic nerve tissues. Ficus racemosa treatment showed improvement in functional and structural markers, which strongly suggest its protective role in diabetic neuropathy.
THE SKILLING INDIAN SCIENTISTS FOR LAST OVER FIVE DECADES
Authors:   Bengaluru., Anantha Narayana D B
Published: November 2021

Indian Drug Manufacturers’ Association (IDMA) was formed in 1961, exactly 56 years ago. It started publishing “Indian Drugs” a publication devoted to various aspects, amongst which were “giving space for Indian Pharmaceutical Scientists and others to find a place to publish the results of their research”. Indian Drugs - monthly scientific and technical journal has completed its Golden Jubilee last year and is now in its 53rd year. Indian Drugs is also an online version with dedicated website www.indiandrugsonline.org apart from bringing out the Print version still.
Formation of legislation and practice of its application on the procedure and conditions for serving a sentence of deprivation of liberty of minors in Belarus during the pre-Soviet period
Authors: Шаркова Елена Анатольевна
Published: November 2021

В статье рассматривается деятельность пенитенциарных учреждений для несовершеннолетних преступников на территории Беларуси XIX в., которая входила в то время в состав Российской империи. Описано функционирование воспитательно-исправительных приютов Могилевской и Витебской губерний, показана работа Общества земледельческих колоний в части исправления несовершеннолетних преступников. Акцент воспитательно-исправительных учреждений Беларуси XIX в. делался на духовно-нравственном, умственном и физическом развитии детей, также большое внимание уделялось исправлению подростков трудом на благо исправительно-воспитательного заведения. Под руководством опытных и хорошо оплачиваемых преподавателей на средства из благотворительных организаций шло обучение грамоте, необходимым правилам поведения и этикета. Опыт организации белорусских приютов и колоний для трудных подростков способствовал привлечению внимания общественности на проблему воспитания и исправления беспризорных детей, их дальнейшей социализации и адаптации в общество после отбытия наказания. Главной целью этих учреждений было обучения практическим профессиям, которые давали бы им возможность добывать средства к существованию собственным честным трудом.

In article аctivity of penal institutions for juvenile offenders in the territory of Belarus is in detail considered 19th century which was at that time a part of the Russian Empire. In article functioning of educational and corrective shelters of the Mogilev and Vitebsk provinces is described, work of Society of agricultural colonies regarding correction of juvenile offenders is shown. The emphasis of educational correctional facilities XIX of Belarus of a century was placed on spiritual and moral, intellectual and physical development of children and also great attention was removed to correction of teenagers work for the benefit of a corrective and educational institution. Under the guidance of experienced and well-paid teachers, funds from charitable organizations were used to teach literacy, the necessary rules of conduct and etiquette. The experience of the organization of Belarusian shelters and colonies for troubled adolescents has helped to attract public attention to the problem of education and correction of street children, their further socialization and adaptation to society after serving their sentence. The main purpose of these institutions have been teaching the practical occupations that would give them the opportunity to earn a livelihood of their own honest labor.
Damages and Losses in activity institutions of the penal system of the Russian Federation
Authors: Шепель Тамара Викторовна , Брылякова Екатерина Станиславовна
Published: November 2021

В процессе деятельности учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы возникают негативные имущественные последствия, вызванные различными причинами. В законодательстве и литературе происходит смешение видов таких последствий, что приводит к неверному определению их природы, особенно в сфере снабжения потребителей электроэнергией, теплоэнергией и другими ресурсами. В итоге принимаются ошибочные судебные решения, существенно нарушающие права и законные интересы потребителей. В статье предлагаются способы решения проблемы.

In the process of activity of the institutions of the penitentiary system, negative property consequences arise due to various reasons. In the legislation and literature, there is a mixture of the types of such consequences, which leads to an incorrect determination of their nature, especially in the field of supplying consumers with electricity, heat, water and other resources. As a result, erroneous court decisions are made that substantially violate the rights and legitimate interests of consumers. The article suggests ways to solve the problem.
Some aspects of the work of convicted persons left in the pre-trial detention center for economic work
Authors: Жилко Ирина Анатольевна
Published: November 2021

Труд осужденных в современных рыночных экономических условиях не справляется с выполнением своей исправительной функции. Однако с учетом специфики анализируемой категории осужденных труд по-прежнему выступает в качестве ключевого средства исправления. Труд осужденных к лишению свободы, оставленных в следственных изоляторах для задействования в хозяйственных работах, решает задачу не только снижения материальных затрат на содержание данных пенитенциарных заведений и обеспечения их функционирования на необходимом уровне, но и задачу исправления преступников, относящихся к названной категории. Помимо исправительно-дисциплинарных аспектов труда в следственных изоляторах не следует упускать из виду необходимость задействования осужденных на хозяйственных работах из-за затруднений с привлечением к этой деятельности вольнонаемных работников. Особенность труда осужденных по хозяйственному обслуживанию заключается в том, что трудоустроенность, в отличие от осужденных, отбывающих наказание в исправительных колониях, составляет 100 %. В ходе анализа труда осужденных в следственных изоляторах рассматриваются такие его аспекты, как воспитательная роль, оплата, занятость. На основании рассмотрения практики и действующего законодательства предлагаются отдельные меры по повышению эффективности в рассматриваемой сфере.

The work of convicted persons in modern market economic conditions would not be able to fulfil its correctional function. However, given the specific nature of the category of convicted persons, labour continued to be a key remedy. The work of persons sentenced to deprivation of liberty who had been left in remand centres to engage in economic work solved the problem not only of reducing the material costs of maintaining these prisons and ensuring their functioning at the necessary level, but also of correcting criminals in that category. In addition to the corrective and disciplinary aspects of labour in remand centres, the need to involve convicted persons in economic work should not be overlooked because of difficulties in involving free-standing workers in such activities. The special feature of the work of convicted persons in economic services is that the employment rate, unlike that of convicted persons serving sentences in correctional colonies, is 100 %. In analysing the work of convicted persons in remand centres, its aspects such as educational role, payment and employment are considered. On the basis of the review of practice and existing legislation, separate measures are proposed to improve efficiency in the field under consideration.
Public participation in the implementation of the legitimate interests of convicted persons: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Ушаков Роман Вадимович
Published: November 2021

Целью статьи является рассмотрение отечественного опыта участия общественных формирований в деятельности государственных органов по решению вопросов о реализации законных интересов лиц, осужденных к уголовному наказанию в виде лишения свободы. В настоящее время обсуждается вопрос о включении общественных наблюдательных комиссий в работу по рассмотрению реализации наиболее значимых законных интересов осужденных к лишению свободы. Исторический анализ участия институтов общественности в такой работе позволит обеспечить научное сопровождение данного вопроса, выявить позитивные стороны такого участия и определить его оптимальную форму. Методологической основой исследования явилось сочетание общенаучных и частнонаучных методов познания: формально-логического, сравнительно-правового, метода ретроспективного познания. На основе изучения и анализа правовой базы современного периода и прошлых лет автором сделан вывод о возможности и целесообразности законодательного закрепления участия общественных наблюдательных комиссий в подготовке заключений по вопросам реализации ряда законных интересов осужденных к лишению свободы, в частности, условно-досрочного освобождения, изменения вида исправительного учреждения, замены наказания более мягким видом.

The purpose of the article is to consider the domestic experience of participation of public formations in the activities of state bodies to address the issues of the implementation of the legitimate interests of persons sentenced to criminal punishment in the form of imprisonment. At present, the issue of inclusion of public monitoring commissions in the work on the implementation of the most significant legitimate interests of convicts to deprivation of liberty is being discussed. Historical analysis of public institutions participation in such work will provide scientific support to this issue, identify the positive aspects of such participation and determine its optimal form. The methodological basis of the study was a combination of general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition: a formal-logical, comparative legal method of retrospective cognition. The author made a conclusion about the possibility and expediency of legislative consolidation of the participation of public monitoring commissions in the preparation of opinions on the implementation of a number of legal interests of persons sentenced to imprisonment, in particular, release on parole, changing the type of correctional institution, replacing punishment with a softer type.
Savings in repression when applying the delay of serving sentences to pregnant women and people with young children
Authors: Степашин Виталий Михайлович
Published: November 2021

В статье рассматривается соответствие принципу экономии репрессии отсрочки отбывания наказания к беременным женщинам и лицам, имеющим малолетних детей. Анализируются показатели репрессивности отсрочки отбывания наказания. В настоящее время экономия репрессии при реализации рассматриваемой меры ответственности возможна лишь в отношении таких показателей репрессивности, как количество, универсальность и условность. Обосновываются выводы о том, что: 1) оптимизации подлежат предусмотренные законом формальные основания ее назначения, прежде всего - путем устранения избыточных ограничений в применении отсрочки (корректировка универсальности репрессии); 2) качество и интенсивность репрессии при отсрочке отбывания наказания чрезмерно минимизированы; 3) необходима корректировка количественного показателя репрессивности отсрочки, прежде всего - установление минимальной ее продолжительности, которая может быть дифференцирована в зависимости от а) тяжести совершенного преступления; б) истечения определенного минимального периода, зависящего от вида назначенного наказания; в) достижения ребенком определенного возраста.

The article discusses compliance with the principle of saving repression of deferment of punishment for pregnant women and people with young children. The indicators of repression of deferment of serving a sentence are analyzed. At present, repression savings when implementing the measure of responsibility under consideration are possible only in relation to such indicators of repression as quantity, universality, and conventionality. The conclusions are substantiated that: 1) the formal grounds for its purpose, prescribed by law, are subject to optimization, first of all, by eliminating unnecessary restrictions in applying deferral (adjusting the universality of repression); 2) the quality and intensity of repression during the postponement of serving a sentence is excessively minimized; 3) it is necessary to adjust the quantitative indicator of repressive delay, first of all, to establish its minimum duration, which can be differentiated depending on a) the gravity of the crime committed; b) the expiration of a certain minimum period, depending on the type of punishment imposed; c) the child reaches a certain age.
Penal rights of convicted persons
Authors: Уткин Владимир Александрович
Published: November 2021

В статье рассматриваются отдельные специальные права осужденных к лишению свободы, не имеющие прямых конституционных оснований. Это права на бесплатное материально-бытовое обеспечение, личную безопасность, психологическую помощь и вежливое обращение. По мнению автора, они представляют собой особую группу субъективных пенитенциарных прав, вытекающих из факта государственной изоляции граждан в специальных учреждениях и определяемых принципом гуманизма. Значительное внимание этим вопросам уделяется и в общепризнанных международных актах об обращении с заключенными. По мнению автора, количество и содержание таких специальных пенитенциарных прав имеет тенденцию к расширению.

This article is concerned with particular specific rights of convicted to imprisonment, which don’t have direct constitutional foundation. These are rights to free material welfare service, private security, psychological aid and polite treatment. In the author’s opinion, they present a special group of subjective penal rights, resulting the fact of official isolation of citizens in special institutions and defined by the principle of humanity. Considerable attention to these problems is also paid in generally acknowledged international acts on treatment of convicted persons. According to the author’s opinion number and content of these special penal rights have tendency to enlarge.
Life imprisonment of type criminal penalties
Authors: Авдеева Екатерина Вадимовна
Published: November 2021

В статье рассмотрены становление института пожизненного лишения свободы как самостоятельного вида наказания, условия назначения его судами. Проанализированы социально-демографические особенности личности осужденных к пожизненному лишению свободы, установлен среднестатистический возраст осужденных к пожизненному лишению свободы, эффективность ресоциализации данной категории осужденных с участием в воспитательном процессе родственников, ориентирующая их на реализацию права условно-досрочного освобождения. Учитывая степень тяжести налагаемых в ходе реализации пожизненного лишения свободы ограничений конституционных прав и свобод человека, при назначении пожизненного лишения свободы следует исходить из того, что данный вид наказания является исключительной мерой и назначение иного более мягкого вида наказания не обеспечит достижение реализации целей уголовного наказания. Успешной ресоциализации осужденных должно способствовать формирование у личности осужденного устойчивой социально полезной линии поведения посредством совокупности факторов, включающих формирование позитивного отношения к труду, социально-ценностных установок, сопряженных с осознанием роли семьи, процесса воспитания детей. Важную мотивационную составляющую для избрания осужденным социально полезной линии поведения представляет собой реализация института условно-досрочного освобождения.

Life imprisonment as the most serious type in the current system of punishments requires further study in terms of achieving the goals of criminal punishment in its implementation. The article considers the formation of the institution of life imprisonment as an independent type of punishment, the conditions for its appointment by the courts. The socio-demographic features of the person sentenced to life imprisonment are analyzed, the average age of those sentenced to life imprisonment is established, the effectiveness of resocialization of this category of convicts with the participation of relatives in the educational process, which orients them to the realization of the right to parole. Given the severity of the restrictions imposed on constitutional rights and freedoms imposed during the implementation of life imprisonment, it should be assumed that this type of punishment is an exceptional measure and the imposition of another lighter type of punishment will not achieve the goals of criminal punishment. The successful resocialization of convicts should be facilitated by the formation of a stable socially useful line of behavior in the person of the convict through a combination of factors, including the formation of a positive attitude to work, socio-value attitudes associated with the awareness of the role of the family, and the process of raising children. The institution of parole was an important motivating component for the election of socially useful behaviour by convicts.
Differentiation of execution of punishment in the form of imprisonment for persons who have committed economic and official crimes
Authors: Полтарыхин Виталий Анатольевич
Published: November 2021

Представлены результаты изучения проблемы исполнения наказания в виде лишения свободы для лиц, совершивших экономические и должностные преступления. Несмотря на то, что большинство ученых-правоведов и практикующих юристов сходятся во мнении, что совместное отбывание наказания в виде лишения свободы экономических и должностных преступников и «общеуголовных» порождает конфликтные ситуации, не способствует исправлению первых, нарушает общеправовой принцип гуманизма, способствует объединению экономической и общеуголовной преступности, общая модель исполнения наказания в виде лишения свободы для данной категории осужденных не изменилась. Общий законодательный тренд последних нескольких лет - это либерализация законодательства, в том числе о размерах и видах наказаниях за экономические преступления, не исключает назначения наказания в виде реального лишения свободы для таких преступников. Одним из предложений по совершенствованию действующей системы исполнения наказания является создание специализированных исправительных учреждений для лиц, совершивших преступления в сфере экономической деятельности. Автор проводит комплексное исследование изложенной проблемы: изучает международный опыт создания и функционирования специализированных учреждений, в том числе создаваемых с привлечением частного капитала.

In this paper, we study the problem of execution of sentences in the form of imprisonment for persons who have committed economic and official crimes. Despite the fact that most academics and practitioners agree that the joint serving of a sentence of imprisonment the economic and official criminals and "ordinary" gives rise to conflicts, not contribute to the correction of the first, violates the General legal principle of humanism, promotes the unification of economic and common crime, the General model of execution of a sentence of imprisonment for this category of convicted persons has not changed. The General legislative trend of the past few years is to liberalize legislation, including on the size and types of punishments for economic crimes, and does not exclude the imposition of a real prison sentence for such criminals. One of the proposals to improve the current system of execution of punishment is the creation of specialized correctional institutions for persons who have committed crimes in the sphere of economic activity. The author conducts a comprehensive study of the problem: studies the international experience of creating and functioning of specialized institutions, including those created with the involvement of private capital.
A local, healthy, and sustainable food factory on wheels
Authors: de Bresser Inge
Published: November 2021

A local, healthy, and sustainable food factory on wheels

The FOX project stimulates short food supply chains for fruit and vegetables by developing innovative mild processing technologies and sustainable packaging solutions integrated into mobile container units. The project enables small farmers to process their surpluses close to the farm and empowers consumers to eat healthily and sustainably.
Correlative electron-photon spectroscopy without a laser
Authors: Talebi Nahid
Published: November 2021

Correlative electron-photon spectroscopy without a laser

The multidisciplinary ERC Starting Grant project “Quantum Coherent Control: Self-Interference of Electron Beams with Nanostructures (NanoBeam)” combines experiments and simulations to develop scanning electron microscopes into a practical tool for probing electron dynamics at the nanoscale, opening new vistas for nanotechnology and materials science.
Training a new generation of researchers for effective forest management strategies under the effect of global warming: the ETN Skill-For.Action
Authors: Grigolato Stefano
Published: November 2021

Training a new generation of researchers for effective forest management strategies under the effect of global warming: the ETN Skill-For.Action

Innovative, adaptive and integrative forest management plays a key role in driving forests to face environmental changes, maintain high forest carbon sequestration potential, and guarantee economic efficiency and more ecologically sound forest operations. The ETN Skill-For.Action integrates the fundamental research in forest ecology and applied science of forest engineering to comprehensibly understand carbon dynamics in forests.