bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Balancing Exchangeable Cations Ca, Mg, and K on the Growth of Tomato Seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Based on Increased Soil Cation Exchange Capacity
Authors: Yang Mengyuan , Zhou Dongxian , Hang Huixian , Chen Shuo , Liu Hua , Su Jikang , Lv Huilin , Jia Huixin , Zhao Gengmao
Published: March 2024

(1) Background: Previous research has demonstrated that the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soil and the balance of exchangeable cations Ca, Mg, and K are key factors affecting plant growth and development. We hypothesized that balancing exchangeable cations based on increased CEC would improve plant growth and development. (2) Methods: This study conducted a two-phase experiment to evaluate methods for increasing soil CEC and the effects of increasing CEC and balancing Ca, Mg, and K on plant growth. Therefore, we first conducted a soil culture experiment using organic fertilizer, montmorillonite, and humic acid to investigate fertilizers that can effectively increase CEC in the short term. Then, a tomato seedling pot experiment was conducted using the control (CK) and OMHA fertilizer-treated soils collected from soil culture experiments. The CK and OMHA treatment soils were constructed with balanced exchangeable cations and an unbalanced control, respectively. (3) Results: The soil culture experiments revealed that the combination of organic fertilizer, montmorillonite, and humic acid (OMHA treatment) had the most significant effect on increasing CEC. The CEC of the OMHA treatment increased by 41.07%, reaching 27.10 cmol·kg−1. The tomato pot experiments demonstrated that balancing the exchangeable cations in OMHA soil improved the Mg and K nutrition of tomato seedlings and significantly increased SPAD, leaf nitrogen content, and dry weight, while balancing the exchangeable cations in CK soil improved only the K nutrition of tomato seedlings. (4) Conclusions: Overall, balancing exchangeable cations based on increasing CEC can improve soil nutrient availability and alleviate the competition effects of Ca, Mg, and K cations. Low CEC and imbalanced exchangeable cations can be detrimental to tomato seedling growth.
Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on the Growth Performance, Hematology, Innate Immunity, and Disease Resistance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Streptococcus agalactiae Biotype 2
Authors: Kamble Manoj Tukaram , Gallardo Wenresti , Salin Krishna Rugmini , Pumpuang Suntree , Chavan Balasaheb Ramdas , Bhujel Ram Chandra , Medhe Seema Vijay , Kettawan Aikkarach , Thompson Kim D. , Pirarat Nopadon
Published: March 2024

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf (MLE) extract-supplemented diets on the growth, feed utilization, hematology, innate immune response, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia against Streptococcus agalactiae Biotype 2. Four hundred and fifty Nile tilapia (32.61 ± 0.2 g/fish) were randomly allocated into fifteen tanks (30 fish/tank). Different concentrations of MLE at 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% were fed to the Nile tilapia for 30 days, and the growth, feed utilization, hematology, and innate immune response of the Nile tilapia were determined. After the feeding trial, the Nile tilapia were challenged with a S. agalactiae Biotype 2 infection, and the relative percentage of survival (RPS) was determined. Results revealed the presence of quercetin, kaempferol, and p-coumaric acid in the MLE extract, exhibiting stronger antimicrobial activity against S. agalactiae Biotype 2. The diets supplemented with the MLE-0.5 group showed a significantly higher growth, feed utilization, hematology, and innate immune response in the Nile tilapia compared to the control and other MLE groups. Additionally, the MLE-0.5 group exhibited a significantly higher RPS of the Nile tilapia against S. agalactiae Biotype 2. Therefore, MLE-0.5 can be employed as an alternative feed supplement in sustainable Nile tilapia farming to protect against S. agalactiae Biotype 2.
A Novel and Effective Therapeutic Method for Treating Aeromonas schubertii Infection in Channa maculata
Authors: Luo Xia , Liao Guoli , Fu Xiaozhe , Liang Hongru , Niu Yinjie , Lin Qiang , Liu Lihui , Ma Baofu , Li Ningqiu
Published: March 2024

Aeromonas schubertii is a pathogen that severely affects aquatic animals, including the snakehead, Channa maculata. Lytic bacteriophages have been recognized as effective alternatives to antibiotics for controlling bacterial infections. However, there have been no reports of A. schubertii phages as far as we know. In this study, a lytic bacteriophage SD04, which could effectively infect A. schubertii, was isolated from pond water cultured with diseased snakehead. The SD04 phage formed small, round plaques on Petri dishes. Electron microscopy revealed a hexagonal head and a contractile tail. Based on its morphology, it may belong to the Myoviridae family. Two major protein bands with molecular weights of 50 and 38 kilodaltons were observed after the phage was subjected to SDS-PAGE. The phage showed a large average burst size, high specificity, and a broad host range. When stored at 4 °C, phage SD04 had high stability over 12 months and showed almost no variation within the first six months. All fish were healthy after both intraperitoneal injection and immersion administration of SD04, indicating the safety of the phage. After treatment with SD04, Channa maculata in both phage therapy groups and prevention groups showed high survival rates (i.e., 83.3 ± 3.3% and 100 ± 1.3%, respectively). Phage therapy inhibits bacterial growth in the liver, the target organ of the infected Channa maculat. The experimental results indicate the potential use of phage SD04 for preventing A. schubertii infection in Channa maculata.
Effects of Butterfly Pea Extracts on Phagocytic Activity of Blood Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes and Muscular Lipid Peroxidation in Rabbits
Authors: Kovitvadhi Attawit , Gasco Laura , Zoccarato Ivo , Rukkwamsuk Theera
Published: March 2024

Sixteen 35-day-old male crossbred rabbits (New Zealand white × Thai native breed) with an initial weight of 484 ± 11.3 g were randomly divided into two groups of eight, constituting control and treatment groups. The treatment group was orally administered a crude extract of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) at 0.5 g/kg body weight from weaning (at 35 days) to slaughter (at 90 days). The effects on the phagocytic activity of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes, serum biochemistry, meat quality, muscular lipid peroxidation, the apparent digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, and gut histology were studied. The results revealed that the phagocytic function of circulating leukocytes (75 and 90 days) and alveolar macrophages (90 days) did not differ between the two groups. At slaughter, treated rabbits had lower blood urea nitrogen concentrations and higher liver weight than control rabbits (p < 0.05). After chilling at 4 °C for 24 h, a lower meat pH and the alteration of meat color (brighter, less yellow, lower hue angle, and decreased color saturation) were observed in the treated group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, lipid peroxidation (measured at 3, 5, and 7 storage days) in the meat of treated rabbits was lower than in controls (p < 0.05). The apparent digestibility of organic matter and ether extract (analyzed at 46 days for 4 days) was improved in the treated group (p < 0.05), whereas gut histology was unaffected. In conclusion, butterfly pea extract supplementation did not affect phagocytic function but led to a modification in meat color, delayed lipid peroxidation, and improved digestibility.
Effects of Individual Essential Amino Acids on Growth Rates of Young Rats Fed a Low-Protein Diet
Authors: Liu Wei , Wang Tianyi , Zhao Kai , Hanigan Mark D. , Lin Xueyan , Hu Zhiyong , Hou Qiuling , Wang Yun , Wang Zhonghua
Published: March 2024

To investigate the effects of individual essential amino acids (EAA) on growth and the underlying mechanisms, EAA individually supplemented a low-protein (LP) diet fed to young rats in the present study. Treatments were an LP diet that contained 6% crude protein (CP), a high-protein (HP) diet that contained 18% CP, and 10 LP diets supplemented with individual EAA to achieve an EAA supply equal to that of the HP diet. The CP concentration of the LP diet was ascertained from the results of the first experiment, which examined the effects of dietary CP concentrations on growth rates, with CP ranging from 2% to 26%. Weight gain was increased with the supplementation of His, Ile, Lys, Thr, or Trp as compared to the LP diet (p < 0.05). Feed intake was greater for the His-, Lys-, and Thr-supplemented treatments as compared to the LP group (p < 0.05). Protein utilization efficiency was lower for the HP group than other groups (p < 0.01). The supplementation of Leu, Lys, and Val led to reduced protein utilization efficiency (p < 0.05), but the supplementation of Thr and Trp led to greater efficiency than the LP group (p < 0.05). Compared to the LP group, plasma urea concentrations were elevated with individual EAA supplementation, with the exception of the Thr addition. The added EAA resulted in increased concentrations of the corresponding EAA in plasma, except for Arg and Phe supplementation. The supplementation of Arg, His, Leu, Lys, and Met individually stimulated mTORC1 pathway activity (p < 0.05), and all EAA resulted in the decreased expression of ATF4 (p < 0.05). In summary, the supplementation of His, Ile, Lys, Thr, or Trp to an LP diet improved the growth performance of young rats. Responses to His and Lys additions were related to the activated mTORC1 pathway and feed intake increases. The improved growth performance resulting from the addition of a single EAA is not solely attributed to the increased plasma availability of EAA. Rather, it may be the consequence of a confluence of factors encompassing signaling pathways, the availability of amino acids, and other associated elements. The additivity of these factors results in independent responses to several EAA with no order of limitation, as is universally encoded in growth models for all production animal species.
Comparative Analysis of the Growth, Physiological Responses, and Gene Expression of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtles Cultured in Different Modes
Authors: Wu Benli , Huang Long , Wu Cangcang , Chen Jing , Chen Xiajun , He Jixiang
Published: March 2024

The Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) is an important freshwater aquaculture turtle due to its taste and nutritional and medicinal value. More ecological culturing modes, such as rice–turtle co-culture, should be developed to meet the ecological benefit demand. We compared growth, physiological parameters, and transcriptome data to detect the physiological responses and regulatory mechanisms of pond-cultured turtles as compared to co-cultured turtles. The co-cultured turtles grew slower than pond-cultured turtles. The gonadosomatic index of co-cultured male turtles was lower than that of pond-cultured male turtles, and both the mesenteric fat index and limb fat index were lower in co-cultured turtles than in pond-cultured turtles (p < 0.05). The blood GLU of the co-cultured turtles was significantly lower than the GLU of the pond-cultured turtles (p < 0.05), while the values of CRE, UA, BUN, AKP, ACP, GOT, and CAT were higher in the co-cultured turtles than in the pond-cultured turtles (p < 0.05). In total, 246 and 598 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the brain and gut from turtles cultured in the two different modes, respectively. More DEGs were related to environmental information processing, metabolism, and human diseases. In the brain, the top enriched pathways of DEGs included the longevity regulating pathway, glycerolipid metabolism, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, while in the gut, the top enriched pathways of DEGs included the cell cycle, DNA replication, cellular senescence, and p53 signaling pathway. The turtles acclimated to the different culturing conditions by adjusting their growth, physiological, and biochemical characteristics and related gene expression during a short culture period.
Evaluation of Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction with Serum Iohexol Concentration in Dogs with Acute Hemorrhagic Diarrhea Syndrome
Authors: Reisinger Andrea , Stübing Helene , Ishii Patricia E. , Suchodolski Jan S. , Lidbury Jonathan A. , Busch Kathrin , Unterer Stefan
Published: March 2024

Histopathologic examination of intestinal biopsies from dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS) reveals necrotizing enteritis and epithelial integrity loss. Serum iohexol measurement has been utilized to assess intestinal permeability. Our hypothesis is that dogs with AHDS have increased intestinal permeability, which is associated with the severity of clinical signs. In this prospective case–control study, 53 client-owned dogs (28 AHDS, 25 healthy controls) were evaluated. Clinical severity was assessed using the AHDS index and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria. Simultaneously, dogs received oral iohexol, and serum iohexol concentrations (SICs) were measured two hours later. Results indicated significantly higher (p = 0.002) SIC in AHDS dogs (median: 51 µg/mL; min–max: 9–246) than in healthy controls (30 µg/mL; 11–57). There was a significant positive correlation between AHDS index and SIC (rS = 0.4; p = 0.03) and a significant negative between SIC and serum albumin concentrations (Pearson r = −0.55; p = 0.01). Dogs with severe AHDS (mean 106 µg/mL; range: 17–246) demonstrated significantly higher (p = 0.002) SIC than those with mild to moderate disease (29 µg/mL; 9–54). These findings underscore the association between intestinal permeability and clinical severity in dogs with AHDS assessed by iohexol.
Hatchery and Dietary Application of Synbiotics in Broilers: Performance and mRNA Abundance of Ileum Tight Junction Proteins, Nutrient Transporters, and Immune Response Markers
Authors: White Mallory B. , Calik Ali , Dalloul Rami A.
Published: March 2024

This study investigated the effects of a synbiotic consisting of inulin, Enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bifidobacterium animalis, and Lactobacillus reuteri given orally to day (d)-of-hatch (DOH) broiler chicks at the hatchery and in the feed for a 21 d period. A total of 480 Cobb male broilers were randomly divided into one of four treatments using a 2 × 2 factorial design as follows: (1) control (CTRL) group receiving a gel-only oral application on DOH at the hatchery prior to transport and a non-medicated basal corn/soybean meal starter diet; (2) hatchery synbiotic (HS) receiving an oral gel containing the synbiotic (0.5 mL/bird) at the hatchery and the basal diet; (3) CTRL + dietary synbiotic at 0.5 kg/MT (DS); and (4) HS + dietary synbiotic at 0.5 kg/MT (HSDS). On d 7 and d 21, one bird per pen (eight replicate pens/group) was euthanized, and the ileum was immediately removed for qPCR analysis. Data were subjected to a 2-way ANOVA using GLM procedure (JMP Pro17). A significant diet × hatchery interaction was observed in feed conversion ratio (FCR) from d 14 to d 21 (p = 0.013) where the HS, DS, and HSDS treatments had a significantly lower FCR compared to the CTRL. However, no significant interaction effect was observed for body weight gain (BWG) or FCR during the overall experimental period. No significant interaction was observed in mRNA abundance of the evaluated genes in the ileum on d 7 and d 21. Gel application with the synbiotic significantly reduced sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) mRNA abundance on d 7 (p = 0.035) in comparison to birds receiving gel alone. Regardless of hatchery application, dietary synbiotic supplementation significantly reduced Toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, and interleukin (IL)-10 mRNA abundance on d 7 (p = 0.013). In conclusion, these findings showed that hatchery and dietary synbiotic application could have a potential beneficial impact on broiler intestinal immunity by regulating the TLR response, a key element of innate immunity. FCR was improved from d 14 to d 21 after synbiotic application. Future research involving extended grow-out studies with a disease challenge would expand on the implications of an early application of synbiotics.
Assessment of Colistin Heteroresistance among Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Intensive Care Patients in Europe
Authors: Braspenning Anouk J. M. M. , Rajakani Sahaya Glingston , Sey Adwoa , El Bounja Mariem , Lammens Christine , Glupczynski Youri , Malhotra-Kumar Surbhi
Published: March 2024

Heteroresistance (HR) to colistin is especially concerning in settings where multi-drug-resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae are prevalent and empiric use of colistin might lead to treatment failures. This study aimed to assess the frequency of occurrence of colistin HR (CHR) among (MDR) K. pneumoniae (n = 676) isolated from patients hospitalized in 13 intensive care units (ICUs) in six European countries in a clinical trial assessing the impact of decolonization strategies. All isolates were whole-genome-sequenced and studied for in vitro colistin susceptibility. The majority were colistin-susceptible (CS) (n = 597, MIC ≤ 2 µg/mL), and 79 were fully colistin-resistant (CR) (MIC > 2 µg/mL). A total of 288 CS isolates were randomly selected for population analysis profiling (PAP) to assess CHR prevalence. CHR was detected in 108/288 CS K. pneumoniae. No significant association was found between the occurrence of CHR and country, MIC-value, K-antigen type, and O-antigen type. Overall, 92% (617/671) of the K. pneumoniae were MDR with high prevalence among CS (91%, 539/592) and CR (98.7%, 78/79) isolates. In contrast, the proportion of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (CP-Kpn) was higher among CR (72.2%, 57/79) than CS isolates (29.3%, 174/594). The proportions of MDR and CP-Kpn were similar among CHR (MDR: 85%, 91/107; CP-Kpn: 29.9%, 32/107) and selected CS isolates (MDR: 84.7%, 244/288; CP-Kpn: 28.1%, 80/285). WGS analysis of PAP isolates showed diverse insertion elements in mgrB or even among technical replicates underscoring the stochasticity of the CHR phenotype. CHR isolates showed high sequence type (ST) diversity (Simpson’s diversity index, SDI: 0.97, in 52 of the 85 STs tested). CR (SDI: 0.85) isolates were highly associated with specific STs (ST101, ST147, ST258/ST512, p ≤ 0.003). The widespread nature of CHR among MDR K. pneumoniae in our study urge the development of rapid HR detection methods to inform on the need for combination regimens.
One Hundred Explicit Definitions of Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions of Antibiotics in Hospitalized Older Patients: The Results of an Expert Consensus Study
Authors: Baclet Nicolas , Forestier Emmanuel , Gavazzi Gaëtan , Roubaud-Baudron Claire , Hiernard Vincent , Hequette-Ruz Rozenn , Alfandari Serge , Aumaître Hugues , Botelho-Nevers Elisabeth , Caraux-Paz Pauline , Charmillon Alexandre , Diamantis Sylvain , Fraisse Thibaut , Gazeau Pierre , Hentzien Maxime , Lanoix Jean-Philippe , Paccalin Marc , Putot Alain , Ruch Yvon , Senneville Eric , Beuscart Jean-Baptiste
Published: March 2024

Background: In geriatrics, explicit criteria for potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs) are useful for optimizing drug use. Objective: To produce an expert consensus on explicit definitions of antibiotic-PIPs for hospitalized older patients. Methods: We conducted a Delphi survey involving French experts on antibiotic stewardship in hospital settings. During the survey’s rounds, the experts gave their opinion on each explicit definition, and could suggest new definitions. Definitions with a 1-to-9 Likert score of between 7 and 9 from at least 75% of the participants were adopted. The results were discussed during consensus meetings after each round. Results: Of the 155 invited experts, 128 (82.6%) participated in the whole survey: 59 (46%) infectious diseases specialists, 45 (35%) geriatricians, and 24 (19%) other specialists. In Round 1, 65 explicit definitions were adopted and 21 new definitions were suggested. In Round 2, 35 other explicit definitions were adopted. The results were validated during consensus meetings (with 44 participants after Round 1, and 54 after Round 2). Conclusions: The present study is the first to have provided a list of explicit definitions of potentially inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions for hospitalized older patients. It might help to disseminate key messages to prescribers and reduce inappropriate prescriptions of antibiotics.
Bioactive Lignan Honokiol Alleviates Ovarian Oxidative Stress in Aging Laying Chickens by Regulating SIRT3/AMPK Pathway
Authors: Chen Yiqiu , Yang Zhaoyu , Bai Jingchun , Wang Xinyu , Yuan Qiongyu , Mi Yuling , Zhang Caiqiao
Published: March 2024

Aging is not only a key internal cause of age-related diseases in humans but also poses a threat to the productivity of farm animals with longer breeding cycles, such as laying chickens. Various measures were taken to prolong the laying period by reducing oxidative stress to improve poultry ovarian functions. Within the mitochondria, SIRT3, a member of the Sirtuin family, plays an important role in post-translational modifications and the regulation of protein activities involved in energy metabolism and oxidative response. This study aimed to investigate the alleviating effect of a bioactive lignan Honokiol (HKL) on oxidative stress in aging chicken ovaries in order to retard decline in egg production. The results showed that HKL treatment restored the abnormal balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis, and it enhanced the antioxidant capacity of the H2O2-induced small white follicles (SWFs) by activating the SIRT3/AMPK pathway. Moreover, HKL significantly increased total egg production, the number of yellow follicles, and the mRNA expression of yolk synthesis and deposition-related genes, serum estrogen, and antioxidant levels. These findings suggest that HKL holds promise in enhancing the egg productivity of aging laying chickens by promoting yolk deposition and reducing ovarian oxidative stress.
Research on Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem with Handling and Setup Time Based on Improved Discrete Particle Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Kong Jili , Wang Zhen
Published: March 2024

With the gradual emergence of customized manufacturing, intelligent manufacturing systems have experienced widespread adoption, leading to a surge in research interests in the associated problem of intelligent scheduling. In this paper, we study the flexible job shop scheduling problem (FJSP) with setup time, handling time, and processing time in a multi-equipment work center production environment oriented toward smart manufacturing and make-to-order requirements. A mathematical model with the optimization objectives of minimizing the maximum completion time, the total number of machine adjustments, the total number of workpieces handled and the total load of the machine is constructed, and an improved discrete particle swarm algorithm based on Pareto optimization and a nonlinear adaptive inertia weighting strategy is proposed to solve the model. By integrating the model characteristics and algorithm features, a hybrid initialization method is designed to generate a higher-quality initialized population. Next, three cross-variance operators are used to implement particle position updates to maintain information sharing among particles. Then, the performance effectiveness of this algorithm is verified by testing and analyzing 15 FJSP test instances. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the designed algorithm for solving multi-objective FJSPs are verified by designing an FJSP test example that includes processing time, setup time and handling time.
Patients’ Perceptions of Sound and Noise Dimensions in the Dental Clinic Soundscape
Authors: Tziovara Panagiota , Antoniadou Christina , Antoniadou Maria
Published: March 2024

In the area of dental healthcare services, where patients and professionals deal with multiple auditory stimuli, this cross-sectional study reports on the various dynamics of sound preferences, noise obstacles, and the profound impact of music on anxiety reduction within dental office settings. The sample comprises 134 dental patients, primarily females (56.7%), with varying age groups, education levels, and therapy durations in the university clinics of the Department of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, and four private dental offices at the metropolitan area of Athens, Greece. Notably, 92.5% of the participants reported no hearing loss, and 56.7% exhibited some level of noise sensitivity. This study reveals a moderate to good perceived health status (M = 3.84, SD = 0.95) among participants, with low perceived noise disturbance in university dental clinics. Preferences for instrumental music, foreign pop, and classical music are prominent during waiting times. Potential irritations include impersonal treatment (44%) and staff behavior (41.8%). Correlations and predictors indicate associations between age, gender, educational status, music preferences, and noise disturbances. Findings aim to optimize eco-soundscapes in dental offices, contributing to enhanced patient well-being. The research underscores the potential of music interventions to alleviate dental anxiety and improve the overall dental experience and quality care.
Linear Axis Guide Rail Misalignment Detection and Localization Using a Novel Signal Segmentation Analysis Technique
Authors: Hurtado Carreon Andres , DePaiva Jose M. , Veldhuis Stephen C.
Published: March 2024

Maintenance of the linear axis and its components such as the linear guide can be significantly costly due to the difficult nature of the repair procedure and the downtime the machine exhibits while being repaired. This is a decision that must be made carefully and with proper justification. Therefore, it is crucial that the condition-based monitoring (CBM) system in the machine can detect and localize faults in the linear axis. The presented paper proposes a novel vibration signal segmentation analysis technique that detects and localizes misalignment in the linear guide rail, which is considered a leading root-cause failure fault. The results demonstrated that the usability of time domain features such as RMS was doubled by applying segmentation analysis. Also, evaluating both stroke directions aided in the localization of the misalignment. Overall, the practical value of the proposed technique is to function as both a localization and repair verification tool when performing linear axis maintenance.
Techniques for Measuring the Fluctuation of Residual Lower Limb Volume in Clinical Practices: A Systematic Review of the Past Four Decades
Authors: Ibrahim Mohd Tajularif , Hashim Nur Afiqah , Abd Razak Nasrul Anuar , Abu Osman Noor Azuan , Gholizadeh Hossein , Astuti Suryani Dyah
Published: March 2024

Increased pressure and shear stress distributions at the limb–socket interface are hypothesised to result from changes in the residual limb shape and volume, which can cause socket fit difficulties. Accurate residual limb volume measurements may aid clinicians in developing strategies to accommodate volume fluctuations. This review primarily aims to analyse the techniques available for measuring the residual lower limb volume that may be used in clinical settings, as documented in the works published over the previous four decades. A comprehensive search of articles in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar identified 904 articles, and further analysis resulted in only 39 articles being chosen to be analysed. Based on the findings, there are nine techniques available to measure the residual limb volume: water displacement, anthropometric measurement, contact probes, optical scanning, spiral X-ray computed tomography (SXCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, laser scanning, and bioimpedance. Considering the variety of techniques for determining residual limb volume, it is critical to choose the ones that best suit clinicians’ objectives, and each technique has potential sources of error that should be avoided by taking precautionary action. A comprehensive study of the measurement techniques is needed since researchers have developed and extensively utilised many new measuring devices, especially handheld 3D laser scanners.
A New Discovery of Cu Mineralization in the North Qaidam, Tibet via Log-Ratio, Robust Factor Analysis, and Spectrum–Area Modeling
Authors: Zheng Shunli , Wang Jinshou , Jiao Haiwei , Xu Rongke , Yin Yueming , Fang Changtan , Chen Xin
Published: March 2024

The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, abundant in mineral resources, is a treasure trove for geological explorers. However, exploration has been hindered by the presence of dense vegetation, weathering layers, and desert cover, particularly in the North Qaidam region. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop efficient geochemical composition methods. In a study of stream sediment geochemical data from the Lüliangshan area of the North Qaidam, the log-ratio transformation was used for data processing, Robust Factor Analysis (RFA) was used for model construction, and the spectrum–area (S-A) model was used for anomaly separation. The outcomes identified two distinct groups of element combinations associated with mineralization. The first group consisted of Au + Ag + Pb + Sb + Hg linked to tectonic-altered rock-type Au (antimony) deposits, while the second group consisted of Cu + Zn + Co and was closely associated with Cu-Ni sulfide deposits. The S-A fractal filtering technique amplified weak anomalies and minimized the area of anomalies against strong backgrounds. The study successfully detected substantial Cu mineralization in the source areas of geochemical anomalies in the Lüliangshan region. Consequently, the log-ratio–RFA–S-A fractal model has been proven to be an effective combination of methods for identifying and extracting geochemical anomalies from stream sediment samples and for mineral exploration in covered areas.
Reconstruction of the Physiological Behavior of Real and Synthetic Vessels in Controlled Conditions
Authors: Polanczyk Andrzej , Piechota-Polanczyk Aleksandra , Piastowska-Ciesielska Agnieszka W. , Huk Ihor , Neumayer Christoph , Balcer Julia , Strzelecki Michal
Published: March 2024

The objective of this study is to assess the ability of an Artificial Circulatory Phantom (ACP) to verify its accuracy in simulating the movement of artificial vessels vs. real vessels under changing cardiovascular parameters such as heartbeat, ejection fraction, and total peripheral resistance. The experiments were conducted with blood-like fluid that flows through two types of vessels: iliac arteries and different types of ePTFE vascular prostheses. Parameters such as diameter and tortuosity were measured and analyzed. The flow characteristics included a pulsating pattern with a frequency of 60–120 min−1 and ejection volumes ranging from 70 to 115 mL. The results showed a predominantly positive correlation between wall displacement (Wd) and tortuosity index (Ti) for the iliac artery (R2 = 0.981), as well as between Wd and mean tortuosity index (MTi) (R2 = 0.994). Similarly, positive correlations between Wd and Ti (R2 = 0.942) and Wd and MTi (R2 = 0.922) were computed for the ePTFE vascular prosthesis. The ACP introduced in this study is a valuable tool for evaluating various vessel types and the spatial configurations of vascular prostheses under diverse hemodynamic conditions. These findings are promising for the advancement of novel approaches to the testing and design of vascular grafts, ultimately enhancing their patency rates in future applications.
Driver Identification and Detection of Drowsiness while Driving
Authors: Díaz-Santos Sonia , Cigala-Álvarez Óscar , Gonzalez-Sosa Ester , Caballero-Gil Pino , Caballero-Gil Cándido
Published: March 2024

This paper introduces a cutting-edge approach that combines facial recognition and drowsiness detection technologies with Internet of Things capabilities, including 5G/6G connectivity, aimed at bolstering vehicle security and driver safety. The delineated two-phase project is tailored to strengthen security measures and address accidents stemming from driver distraction and fatigue. The initial phase is centered on facial recognition for driver authentication before vehicle initiation. Following successful authentication, the subsequent phase harnesses continuous eye monitoring features, leveraging edge computing for real-time processing to identify signs of drowsiness during the journey. Emphasis is placed on video-based identification and analysis to ensure robust drowsiness detection. Finally, the study highlights the potential of these innovations to revolutionize automotive security and accident prevention within the context of intelligent transport systems.
Effect of Compost from Cardoon Biomass, as Partial Replacement of Peat, on the Production and Quality of Baby Leaf Lettuce
Authors: Sicignano Mariarosaria , del Piano Luisa , Morra Luigi , Enotrio Tommaso , Baiano Salvatore , Salluzzo Antonio , Merola Antonio , Raimo Francesco
Published: March 2024

The use of peat, the standard substrate used for soilless cultivation of horticultural crops, is becoming of increasing concern as peat is a non-renewable resource and its extraction can degrade wetland ecosystems, creating a strong environmental impact. For this reason, the search for organic materials that can totally or partially replace peat has become increasingly important. In this research, three types of composts (C1, C2, C3), derived from cardoon biomass mixed in different volumes with woody and/or fruit wastes, were utilized as the constituents of growing media, at two dilution rates with peat (60:40 and 30:70 v:v), to assess their effect on the growth and quality of baby leaf lettuce in a greenhouse trial. The two cultivars Imperiale and Verde d’Inverno, belonging to the butterhead and romaine lettuce types, respectively, were employed. Plant performance and yield were unaffected or were positively affected by compost-containing growing medium compared to the control. The cultivars responded differently to the growing medium; the Imperiale showed the highest yield with C1 compost at a 60% rate while the Verde d’Inverno with the C2 was at 30%. The total chlorophyll, carotenoids, and ascorbic acid were found higher in the Verde d’Inverno than in the Imperiale variety while the total polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were lower. Also, the content of chlorophylls as well as of antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activity were differently affected by the growing medium, depending on the lettuce cultivar. The results obtained indicate that cultivated cardoon waste-based compost is a promising constituent of the growing media for baby leaf production. The specific varietal response observed should be considered to optimize both yield and product quality.
Multi-Session Electrocardiogram–Electromyogram Database for User Recognition
Authors: Kim Jin Su , Song Cheol Ho , Kim Jae Myung , Lee Jimin , Byeon Yeong-Hyeon , Jung Jaehyo , Choi Hyun-Sik , Kwak Keun-Chang , Kim Youn Tae , Bak EunSang , Pan Sungbum
Published: March 2024

Current advancements in biosignal-based user recognition technology are paving the way for a next-generation solution that addresses the limitations of face- and fingerprint-based user recognition methods. However, existing biosignal benchmark databases (DBs) for user recognition often suffer from limitations, such as data collection from a small number of subjects in a single session, hindering comprehensive analysis of biosignal variability. This study introduces CSU_MBDB1 and CSU_MBDB2, databases containing electrocardiogram (ECG) and electromyogram (EMG) signals from diverse experimental subjects recorded across multiple sessions. These in-house DBs comprise ECG and EMG data recorded in multiple sessions from 36 and 58 subjects, respectively, with a time interval of more than one day between sessions. During the experiments, subjects performed a total of six gestures while comfortably seated at a desk. CSU_MBDB1 and CSU_MBDB2 consist of three identical gestures, providing expandable data for various applications. When the two DBs are expanded, ECGs and EMGs from 94 subjects can be used, which is the largest number among the multi-biosignal benchmark DBs built by multi-sessions. To assess the usability of the constructed DBs, a user recognition experiment was conducted, resulting in an accuracy of 66.39% for ten subjects. It is important to emphasize that we focused on demonstrating the applicability of the constructed DBs using a basic neural network without signal denoising capabilities. While this approach results in a sacrifice in accuracy, it concurrently provides substantial opportunities for performance enhancement through the implementation of optimized algorithms. Adapting signal denoising processes to the constructed DBs and designing a more sophisticated neural network would undoubtedly contribute to improving the recognition accuracy. Consequently, these constructed DBs hold promise in user recognition, offering valuable research for future investigations. Additionally, DBs can be used in research to analyze the nonlinearity characteristics of ECG and EMG.
Effect of Temperature on the Nutritional Quality and Growth Parameters of Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.): A Preliminary Study
Authors: Kopecká Anežka , Kouřimská Lenka , Škvorová Petra , Kurečka Michal , Kulma Martin
Published: March 2024

The nutritional quality of insects is related to many factors, including their rearing conditions. In this study, the effects of temperature on the contents of crude protein, lipids, ash, and amino acids and the body size and weight of Tenebrio molitor larvae were analysed. The larvae were reared with the occurrence of the first 20 pupae in a laboratory incubator at temperatures of 22, 25, and 28 °C. The results revealed that the weight (from 0.09 to 0.15 g), dry matter (DM) content (from 30.72 to 36.55 g/100 g), and fat concentration (from 22.46 to 36.01 g/100 g DM) of the larvae increased with increasing rearing temperature. In contrast, the crude protein content significantly decreased (from 64.33 to 54.41 g/100 g DM). Methionine was the limiting amino acid. The essential amino acid index ranged from 37% to 45%. Information about the effect of temperature on the growth and nutritional parameters of mealworms may contribute to the optimisation of mealworm-rearing technology.
Quantitative Analysis of NDMA in Drug Products: A Proposed High-Throughput Approach Using Headspace–SIFT-MS
Authors: Perkins Mark J. , Hastie Colin J. , Langford Vaughan S.
Published: March 2024

Since the initial 2018 recall of angiotensin receptor blockers due to unacceptable levels of mutagenic N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) impurity, numerous drug products delivering diverse active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) have been recalled. Regulators and the industry are working together to understand and address this widescale problem. Conventional analysis of NDMA utilizes liquid or gas chromatography-based procedures that can involve complicated sample preparation and slow sample analysis. Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) analyses NDMA directly in the gas phase using soft chemical ionization, with an LOQ of 2 ng g−1. Through the novel application of the multiple headspace extraction (MHE) technique, NDMA was quantified directly and rapidly from the drug product without dissolution, at levels well below the regulatory acceptable intake of 96 ng day−1. A comparative analysis of recalled metformin using MHE-SIFT-MS and a conventional liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method showed good agreement. Use of the novel MHE-SIFT-MS approach may enable a wider screening of drug products to be conducted, since it provides around a three-fold increase in daily sample throughput.
Simulation of Submicron Particulate Matter (PM1) Dispersion Due to Traffic Rerouting to Establish a Walkable Cultural Tourism Route in Ratchaburi’s Old Town, Thailand
Authors: Innurak Orachat , Onchang Rattapon , Bohuwech Dirakrit , Pongkiatkul Prapat
Published: March 2024

Cultural tourism helps preserve cultural heritage and provides economic opportunities for local communities. A walkable cultural tourism route has been developed for the old town of Ratchaburi, Thailand. Here, we assessed changes in PM1 after cars were banned from the walkable tourist route. A near-roadway dispersion model, R-LINE, was evaluated and used to explore the base case (BC) and two scenarios, S1 and S2. In the BC, road traffic activities reflected the current situation; in S1, all vehicles were banned from the walkable route; and in S2, all drivers were encouraged to park their vehicles outside the study area. The road traffic activities in the study area were observed and used to calculate the PM1 emission rates for the model inputs. The model was capable of simulating PM1 concentration, especially the average PM1 concentration over the monitoring period. An increase in PM1 concentration was seen at the main road in S1 due to the increased traffic volume that had been redirected from the walkable route, with an increase in daily PM1 of 4.5% compared to BC. S2 showed a decrease in the PM1 concentration of 8.9%. These findings suggest the need for traffic mitigation measures prior to initiating a walkable route for cultural tourism, to meet environmental sustainability requirements.
Investigation of Temperature, Precipitation, Evapotranspiration, and New Thornthwaite Climate Classification in Thailand
Authors: Phumkokrux Nutthakarn , Trivej Panu
Published: March 2024

This study aims (1) to study the trend and characteristics of average annual air temperature (Tann), annual precipitation (Prann), and annual evapotranspiration (PETann) in Thailand over the present period (1987–2021) and (2) to extract the climate pattern in form of a map using the New Thornthwaite Climate Classification method in Thailand considering the present period. The data were prepared by the Thai Meteorological Department. Data variability, the mean of the data calculation in time series, the homogeneity test of data, and abrupt changes were examined. The trends of each variable were calculated using the Mann–Kendal and Sen’s slope test. The results indicated that the high Tann found in Bangkok gradually decreased in the next area. Tann data were heterogeneous with the abrupt change period, and increasing trends were found. Prann values were high in the west side of the southern area and the bottom area of the eastern area; in addition, low rainfall was found in the inner area of the land. Prann data were homogenous with no abrupt change period and slight changes in trends. PETann and %CV spatial distribution were determined for the same pattern of Tann. PETann data were heterogeneous with abrupt change periods and rising trends. The torrid thermal index determined based on the New Thornthwaite Climate Classification results indicated an overall torrid-type climate. A semi-arid climate pattern was found in the small area of the middle of Thailand, and then it shifted toward a moist-type pattern in the next area with an in precipitation. The most climate variability was found to be extreme with the power of temperature changes.
Defining Detection Limits for Continuous Monitoring Systems for Methane Emissions at Oil and Gas Facilities
Authors: Chen Qining , Kimura Yosuke , Allen David T.
Published: March 2024

Networks of fixed-point continuous monitoring systems are becoming widely used in the detection and quantification of methane emissions from oil and gas facilities in the United States. Regulatory agencies and operators are developing performance metrics for these systems, such as minimum detection limits. Performance characteristics, such as minimum detection limits, would ideally be expressed in emission rate units; however, performance parameters such as detection limits for a continuous monitoring system (CMS) will depend on meteorological conditions, the characteristics of emissions at the site where the CMS is deployed, the positioning of CMS devices in relation to the emission sources, and the amount of time allowed for the CMS to detect an emission source. This means that certifying the performance of a CMS will require test protocols with well-defined emission rates and durations; initial protocols are now being used in field tests. Field testing results will vary, however, depending on meteorological conditions and the time allowed for detection. This work demonstrates methods for evaluating CMS performance characteristics using dispersion modeling and defines an approach for normalizing test results to standard meteorological conditions using dispersion modeling.
On Population Models with Delays and Dependence on Past Values
Authors: Chen-Charpentier Benito
Published: March 2024

The current values of many populations depend on the past values of the population. In many cases, this dependence is caused by the time certain processes take. This dependence on the past can be introduced into mathematical models by adding delays. For example, the growth rate of a population depends on the population τ time units ago, where τ is the maturation time. For an epidemic, there is a time τ between the contact of an infected individual and a susceptible one, and the time the susceptible individual actually becomes infected. This time τ is also a delay. So, the number of infected individuals depends on the population at the time τ units ago. A second way of introducing this dependence on past values is to use non-local operators in the description of the model. Fractional derivatives have commonly been used to provide non-local effects. In population growth models, it can also be done by introducing a new compartment, the immature population, and in epidemic models, by introducing an additional exposed population. In this paper, we study and compare these methods of adding dependence on past values. For models of processes that involve delays, all three methods include dependence on past values, but fractional-order models do not justify the form of the dependence. Simulations show that for the models studied, the fractional differential equation method produces similar results to those obtained by explicitly incorporating the delay, but only for specific values of the fractional derivative order, which is an extra parameter. But in all three methods, the results are improved compared to using ordinary differential equations.
Unlocking the Potential of Stem Cell Microenvironments In Vitro
Authors: Scodellaro Chiara , Pina Raquel R. , Ferreira Frederico Castelo , Sanjuan-Alberte Paola , Fernandes Tiago G.
Published: March 2024

The field of regenerative medicine has recently witnessed groundbreaking advancements that hold immense promise for treating a wide range of diseases and injuries. At the forefront of this revolutionary progress are stem cells. Stem cells typically reside in specialized environments in vivo, known as microenvironments or niches, which play critical roles in regulating stem cell behavior and determining their fate. Therefore, understanding the complex microenvironments that surround stem cells is crucial for advancing treatment options in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. Several research articles have made significant contributions to this field by exploring the interactions between stem cells and their surrounding niches, investigating the influence of biomechanical and biochemical cues, and developing innovative strategies for tissue regeneration. This review highlights the key findings and contributions of these studies, shedding light on the diverse applications that may arise from the understanding of stem cell microenvironments, thus harnessing the power of these microenvironments to transform the landscape of medicine and offer new avenues for regenerative therapies.