bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electron dynamics in MoS2-graphite heterostructures
Authors: Zhang Xinwu , He Dawei , Yi Lixin , Zhao Siqi , He Jiaqi , Wang Yongsheng , Zhao Hui
Published: August 2017

The electron dynamics in heterostructures formed by multilayer graphite and monolayer or bulk MoS2 were studied by femtosecond transient absorption measurements.
One-pot solution synthesis of shape-controlled copper selenide nanostructures and their potential applications in photocatalysis and photothermal therapy
Authors: Wang Xianwen , Miao Zhaohua , Ma Yan , Chen Huajian , Qian Haisheng , Zha Zhengbao
Published: August 2017

Various copper selenide nanostructures (Cu2Se nanoparticles, CuSe nanoplates and CuSe2 nanosheets) could be obtained through a facile one-pot polyol method by only changing the feeding ratio of precursors.
Light triggered self-healing of polyacrylate polymers crosslinked with 7-methacryloyoxycoumarin crosslinker
Authors: Abdallh Mustafa , Hearn Milton T. W. , Simon George P. , Saito Kei
Published: August 2017

Crosslinked acrylate polymers with coumarin crosslinker displayed a light (UV) only triggered self-healing property.
Coupling Ag-doping and rich oxygen vacancies in mesoporous NiCoO nanorods supported on nickel foam for highly efficient oxygen evolution
Authors: Yan Kai-Li , Chi Jing-Qi , Liu Zi-Zhang , Dong Bin , Lu Shan-Shan , Shang Xiao , Gao Wen-Kun , Chai Yong-Ming , Liu Chen-Guang
Published: August 2017

Ag-doped mesoporous NiCoO nanorods as efficient and stable electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction have been synthesized with desirable conductivity, high surface area and rich oxygen vacancies.
Multiple active components, synergistically driven cobalt and nitrogen Co-doped porous carbon as high-performance oxygen reduction electrocatalyst
Authors: Zhu Anquan , Tan Pengfei , Qiao Lulu , Liu Yi , Ma Yongjin , Xiong Xiang , Pan Jun
Published: August 2017

Economical g-C3N4derived Co,N dual-doped porous carbon with multiple active components shows high-performance oxygen reduction electrocatalytic activity.
Recent Advances in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed, Directed Aryl C–H/N–H Cross-Coupling Reactions
Authors: Henry Martyn , Mostafa Mohamed , Sutherland Andrew
Published: August 2017

Amination and amidation of aryl compounds using a transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction typically involves prefunctionalization or preoxidation of either partner. In recent years, a new class of transition-metal-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction has been developed for the direct formation of aryl C–N bonds. This short review highlights the substantial progress made for ortho-C–N bond formation via transition-metal-catalyzed chelation-directed aryl C–H activation and gives an overview of the challenges that remain for directed meta- and para-selective reactions.

1 Introduction

2 Intramolecular C–N Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling

2.1 Nitrogen Functionality as Both Coupling Partner and Directing Group

2.2 Chelating-Group-Directed Intramolecular C–N Bond Formation

3 Intermolecular C–N Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling

3.1 ortho-C–N Bond Formation

3.1.1 Copper-Catalyzed Reactions

3.1.2 Other Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Reactions

3.2 meta- and para-C–N Bond Formation

4 C–N Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Acidic C–H Bonds

5 Conclusions
Catalyst- and Solvent-Free Addition of the P–H Species to Alkenes and Alkynes: A Green Methodology for C–P Bond Formation
Authors: Trofimov Boris , Gusarova Nina , Chernysheva Nataliya
Published: August 2017

Traditional methods for C–P bond formation via direct addition of P–H species to unsaturated compounds are usually implemented in the presence of base and metal catalysts or radical initiators in various organic solvents. During the last five years, a novel efficient and general catalyst/initiator- and solvent-free version of the hydrophosphination and hydrophosphinylation of multiple C–C bonds with H-phosphines and their chalcogenides has begun to develop and it is attracting growing attention. This approach corresponds to the recently emerged pot-, atom-, and step-economy (PASE) green paradigm. This review covers the literature on the synthesis of useful and in-demand organophosphorus compounds via catalyst- and solvent-free addition of P–H species to alkenes and alkynes.

1 Introduction

2 Addition of Secondary Phosphines to Alkenes

3 Hydrophosphinylation of Alkenes with Secondary Phosphine Chalcogenides

3.1 Oxidative Addition of Phosphine Oxides to Vinyl Sulfides

3.2 Addition of Secondary Phosphine Sulfides and Phosphine Selenides to Alkenes

3.3 Addition of Secondary Phosphine Sulfides and Phosphine Selenides to Divinyl Chalcogenides

3.4 Hydrophosphinylation of Alkenes with Secondary Phosphine/Chalcogen Pair (Three-Component Reactions)

4 Addition of Secondary Phosphines to Alkynes

5 Addition of Secondary Phosphine Chalcogenides to Alkynes

6 Conclusion
Phenol Oxidative Dearomatization of Modified Nucleoside Templates: A Simple Access to the C7-Spiroannulated Octosyl Acid Framework
Authors: Ramana Chepuri , Mullapudi Venkannababu , Bhogade Ravindra , Deshpande Mukund
Published: August 2017

Phenol oxidative dearomatization and cyclization has been executed successfully on nucleoside templates to synthesize C7-spiroannulated perhydrofuropyran nucleosides and C6-spiroannulated perhydrofurofuran nucleosides as novel analogues of octosyl acid and related peptidyl nucleosides.
Recent Developments in the Deoxyfluorination of Alcohols and Phenols: New Reagents, Mechanistic Insights, and Applications
Authors: Hu Xiang-Guo , Hunter Luke , Hu Wen-Li
Published: August 2017

This short review describes the development of new reagents and methods for the deoxyfluorination of phenols and alcohols during the period of 2011 to 2017. Important advances in the mechanistic understanding of these processes are discussed. The continuing importance of deoxyfluorination chemistry for the synthesis of valuable target molecules is highlighted through case studies including examples of 18F-radiosynthesis and the preparation of exotic multifluorinated compounds.

1 Introduction

2 New Deoxyfluorination Reagents

3 Novel Applications of ‘Legacy’ Deoxyfluorinating Reagents

4 Conclusions and Future Directions
Copper-Catalyzed C–N Bond Exchange of N-Heterocyclic Substituents around Pyridine and Pyrimidine Cores
Authors: Tao Sheng , Ji Enhui , Shi Lei , Liu Ning , Xu Liang , Dai Bin
Published: August 2017

A copper-catalyzed transfer N-heteroarylation strategy using a C–N bond exchange reaction is described. This reaction accommodates a wide range of pyridine and pyrimidine rings bearing halogen atoms, which have wide utility for subsequent transformations. This method provides a direct and operationally simple approach for modifying complex molecules by the exchange of N-heterocyclic substituents.
Macrophages in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Role Model of Pathogenic Immunometabolism
Authors: Krenkel Oliver , Tacke Frank
Published: August 2017

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progressive inflammatory form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), are leading causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Metabolism and inflammation are intimately interrelated in NAFLD/NASH, as expressed by the term immunometabolism. Hepatic macrophages mediate inflammatory responses during metabolic disorders and can stimulate or dismantle liver fibrosis. Their functional diversity is partly explained by heterogeneous macrophage subsets: tissue-resident Kupffer cells and monocyte-derived macrophages. However, macrophages themselves are altered in their functional polarization by dietary composition and metabolic or inflammatory stimuli in NAFLD. The inflammatory polarization of macrophages correlates with changes in core metabolism pathways like oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. The availability of nutrients, such as glucose or fatty acids or oxygen also influences macrophage polarization upon danger signal or cytokine reception. Understanding the interplay of metabolism and macrophage function in NASH may open new approaches to therapeutic targeting of these essential modifiers in metabolic liver diseases.
Applying the Newman-Peacock Prognostic System to a Portuguese Obstetrical Population - A Useful Tool?
Authors: Mendes Silva Rita , Clode Nuno
Published: August 2017

Background External cephalic version (ECV) is a maneuver that enables the rotation of the non-cephalic fetus to a cephalic presentation. The Newman-Peacock (NP) index, which was proposed by Newman et al. in a study published in 1993, was described as a prediction tool of the success of this procedure; it was validated in a North-American population, and three prognostic groups were identified.

Purpose To evaluate the value of the NP score for the prediction of a successful ECV in a Portuguese obstetrical population, and to evaluate maternal and fetal safety.

Methods We present an observational study conducted from 1997–2016 with pregnant women at 36–38 weeks of pregnancy who were candidates for external cephalic version in our department. Demographic and obstetrical data were collected, including the parameters included in the NP index (parity, cervical dilatation, estimated fetal weight, placental location and fetal station). The calculation of the NP score was performed, and the percentages of success were compared among the three prognostic groups and with the original study by Newman et al. The performance of the score was determined using the Student t-test, the Chi-squared test, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results In total, 337 women were included. The overall success rate was of 43.6%. The univariate analysis revealed that multiparity, posterior placentation and a less engaged fetus were factors that favored a successful maneuver (p < 0.05). Moreover, a higher amniotic fluid index was also a relevant predictive factor (p < 0.05). The Newman-Peacock score had a poorer performance in our population compared with that of the sample of the original study, but we still found a positive relationship between higher scores and higher prediction of success (p < 0.001). No fetal or maternal morbidities were registered.

Conclusions The Newman-Peacock score had a poorer performance among our population compared to its performance in the original study, but the results suggest that this score is still a useful tool to guide our clinical practice and counsel the candidate regarding ECV.
Relationship between Anxiety and Interleukin 10 in Female Soccer Players with and Without Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Authors: Foster Roberta , Vaisberg Mauro , Araújo Maíta Poli de , Martins Marcia Aparecida , Capel Tiago , Bachi Andre Luis Lacerda , Bella Zsuzsanna Ilona Katalin de Jármy-Di
Published: August 2017

Objective To investigate the level of anxiety and its relationship with interleukin (IL)-10 (anti inflammatory cytokine that modulates mood swings) in a group of female soccer players.

Methods Fifty-two eumenorrheic soccer players were evaluated (age 19.8 ± 4.7 years). The presence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and phases of the menstrual cycle were determined by a daily symptom report (DSR) kept for 3 consecutive months. The concentration of cytokine IL-10 was determined from urine samples collected at four moments: at the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle, and before (pre) and after (post) the simulated game, and it was quantified by flow cytometry (Luminex xMAP - EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). The level of anxiety was determined through the BAI anxiety questionnaire answered by all athletes at the same time of the urine collection. The Student t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation with significance level at 5% were used for data analysis.

Results We showed that the prevalence of PMS among female soccer players is similar to that reported in the literature. In addition, we showed that the group with PMS has a higher level of anxiety compared with group without PMS (p = 0.002). Interleukin-10 analysis in players without PMS revealed that there was a significant decrease in the level of this cytokine before the game during the luteal phase when compared with the follicular phase (p < 0.05). The correlation analysis between IL-10 and anxiety showed a negative correlation post-game in the luteal phase in the group without PMS (p = 0.02; r = -0.50) and a positive correlation post-game in the luteal phase in PMS group (p = 0.04; r = 0.36).

Conclusion Our results suggest that IL-10 may contribute to reduce anxiety in the group without PMS. This could be attributed to the fact that no IL-10 variation was observed in the group with PMS, which presented higher anxiety symptoms when compared with the group without PMS.
Functional Imaging and Assessment of Antitumor Activity in Systemic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kambadakone Avinash , Baliyan Vinit , Zhu Andrew
Published: August 2017

Increasing use of novel systemic treatment options in the management of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) such as antiangiogenic and molecular-targeted therapies, poses unique challenges for effective treatment monitoring and efficacy assessment. The traditional morphological criteria such as response evaluation criteria in solid tumor (RECIST) rely on changes in tumor size to determine treatment efficacy. However, these criteria based on tumor morphology may not be suitable to monitor response to newer targeted therapies as early functional changes induced by these drugs precede changes in tumor size. Modifications of these morphological criteria that determine response based on tumor enhancement characteristics such as modified RECIST (mRECIST) will potentially allow improved determination of treatment response pending validation from prospective trials. Advanced functional imaging techniques such as perfusion imaging (computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging [CT/MRI]), diffusion weighted MRI (DW-MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET/CT and PET/MRI) are being increasingly used as surrogate imaging biomarkers to provide superior assessment of changes in tumor physiology. Growing emphasis on precision oncological care tailored to specific tumor type and individual patients renders the use of these newer imaging modalities more pertinent and timely. In this review, the authors discuss the role of various imaging techniques and response assessment criteria in the evaluation of systemic therapy for advanced HCC with focus on functional imaging tools.
Prevalence of the MTHFR C677T Mutation in Fertile and Infertile Women
Authors: Soligo Adriana de Góes , Barini Ricardo , Annichino-Bizzacchi Joyce Maria
Published: August 2017

Introduction The importance of the C677T mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene in infertile women remains controversial.

Objective To evaluate if the MTHFR C677T mutations are more frequent in infertile women, and if they can be associated with the occurrence of infertility in the Brazilian population.

Methods This case-control study included 130 infertile women consulting at a private clinic between March 2003 and March 2005 (data previously published), and 260 fertile women attending the family planning outpatient clinic of our institution between April 2012 and March 2013.

Data analysis The Chi-squared and Fisher Exact tests were used to evaluate the association between the presence of the MTHFR C677T mutation and a history of infertility.

Results The frequency of the mutation was of 58.5% for the case group (n = 76) and of 49.2% for the fertile controls (n = 128). The mutation was homozygous in 13 women in the case group (10%) and in 23 of the fertile women in the control group (8.8%). These differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusions These results suggest that the presence of the MTHFR C677T mutation does not constitute a risk factor for infertility, even when the mutation is homozygous. Further studies are needed to confirm whether research on this mutation should be considered unnecessary in women with infertility.
Surgical Anatomy of the Orbit in Human Cadavers–An Endoscopic Pictorial Documentation
Authors: Maslehaty Homajoun , Schultheiss Saskia , Scholz Martin , Petridis Athanasios
Published: August 2017

Background The aim of our study was a pictorial documentation of the anatomical structures of the orbit.

Methods We performed a transmaxillary endoscopic approach in nine formalin-fixed human heads. We identified and documented the anatomy of the inferior part of the orbit.

Results The first intraorbital anatomical landmark was the inferior rectus muscle, from which important structures medially and laterally could be identified. Anatomical structures and their relation to each other were documented and presented as illustrative figures.

Conclusion Knowledge of the topographic anatomy of the inferior part of the orbit could be sufficiently imparted by our illustrations. The presented transmaxillary approach allowed a wide overview of the anatomical structures located in the inferior part of the orbit. Our pictorial documentation may provide neurosurgeons more safety and the opportunity to become familiar with the endoscopic anatomy.
Delayed Brain Edema and Swelling following Craniectomy for Evacuation of an Epidural Abscess that Improved by Cranioplasty: Case Report
Authors: Sugii Narushi , Matsuda Masahide , Sekine Tomokazu , Matsumura Hideaki , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Matsumura Akira
Published: August 2017

We report a unique case of delayed brain swelling following craniectomy that improved rapidly after cranioplasty, and discuss the potential mechanism underlying this delayed and reversible brain swelling. A 22-year-old woman developed surgical site infection after removal of a convexity meningioma. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an epidural abscess around the surgical site. Subsequently, the abscess was evacuated, and the bone flap was removed. Later, brain edema around the skull defect emerged and progressed gradually, despite resolution of the infection. The edematous brain developed focal swelling outward through the bone defect without ventricle dilatation. Because we suspected that the edema and swelling were caused by the state of the bone defect, we performed a cranioplasty 10 weeks after the bone flap removal, and brain edema improved rapidly. We hypothesized that the brain edema was initially caused by surgical stress and inflammation, followed by compression of cortical veins between the dural edge and brain tissue, leading to disruption of venous return and exacerbation of brain edema. When delayed focal brain edema and external swelling progress gradually after bone flap removal, after excluding other pathological conditions, cranioplasty should be considered to improve cortical venous congestion caused by postsurgical adhesion.
Die Erforschung molekularer Aspekte homöopathischer Arzneiwirkungen
Authors: Khuda-Bukhsh Anisur Rahman
Published: August 2017

In den letzten Jahren wurden mithilfe modernster Elektronenmikroskopie durch mehrere Autoren Nanopartikel von den Ausgangssubstanzen von Arzneien nachgewiesen. Während man annimmt, dass diese Nanopartikel von Arzneien in Hochpotenzen von der homöopathischen Potenzierung herrühren, haben wir mit einer wissenschaftlich anerkannten Methode Nanokapseln aus den Extrakten homöopathischer Urtinkturen und ihren biologisch aktiven Inhaltsstoffen produziert, wofür wir das nicht-toxische, biologisch abbaubare Polymer Poly(lactid-co-glycolid) nutzten sowie Mechanismus und Wirkungspfade ihrer biologischen Aktivität untersuchten.
Grundzüge Jean-Jacques Rousseaus zur Erziehung der Kinder
Authors: Stephan Heinrich
Published: August 2017

Während der Französischen Revolution mussten neue, „republikanische“ Lehrmaterialien erstellt werden, um die pädagogischen Ziele einer staatlichen, laizistischen und naturgemäßen Erziehung zu erreichen. Dazu wurde 1794 ein öffentlicher Wettbewerb ausgeschrieben. Eines der hierzu eingereichten, anonym gebliebenen Werke diente als Vorlage für einen Erziehungsratgeber, der von Hahnemann als „Handbuch für Mütter“ für den deutschen Leser ergänzt und erheblich erweitert wurde. Die im Text nicht erkenntlichen Zusätze Hahnemanns werden anhand der Originalquellen verglichen.
Characterisation and Safety of Intraperitoneal Perioperative Administration of Antibacterial Agents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fonnes Siv , Holzknecht Barbara , Arpi Magnus , Rosenberg Jacob
Published: August 2017

Background Intraperitoneal drug administration applies treatment at the site of diseases with gynaecological, urological, or gastrointestinal origin. The objective of this systematic review was to investigate perioperative intraperitoneal administration of antibacterial agents to characterise the drugs used and their safety profile.

Methods A protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42016038956). A systematic review was conducted and reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A search was performed in PubMed and EMBASE on the 22nd of April 2016. The inclusion criteria were original articles involving at least 5 patients where antibacterial agents were administered intraperitoneally during or after abdominal surgery as prophylaxis or treatment of infection. Languages were limited to English, German, Danish, Norwegian, or Swedish articles.

Results 79 studies were included which used a total of 12 different antibacterial classes. Aminoglycosides, 1st and 2nd generation cephalosporins, tetracyclines, and penicillins were most commonly administered intraperitoneally during or after surgery. The antibacterial agent was usually administered intraperitoneally as monotherapy. However, some studies administered combination regimens with heparin or with another antibacterial agent. The most frequent combination was aminoglycosides and lincosamides. In total, 43% of studies lacked information regarding adverse events. The most frequently reported adverse event was discomfort or pain during administration, especially with use of oxytetracycline.

Conclusion At least 12 different classes of antibacterial agents have been administered intraperitoneally during or after surgery as prophylaxis or treatment of intraabdominal infections. Intraperitoneal administration seems safe although use of oxytetracycline may cause discomfort or pain.
Effect of Encapsulated Artemisia aucheri. L Magnetic Nanogel Extract on Shoulder Block in Rat
Authors: Beiranvand Siavash , Karimi Arash
Published: August 2017

Introduction Due to the severe pain generated after shoulder surgery, we aim to formulate and intravenously (IV) inject magnetic nanogel encapsulated Artemisia aucheri. L extract for inducing shoulder block in the rat.

Methods Artemisia aucheri. L extract encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was fabricated and tested in rat using paw withdrawal latencies (PWL) from thermal stimuli on the forepaw. The animals were divided into two groups; the untreated left forepaw (control group), and the test group with treated right forepaw. Sixteen (16) lab animals were used in this study, of which 3 in each of the two groups of the cumulative drug release experiments at 37°C and 43°C, and 5 in each of the two groups of PWL experiments.

Results UV spectroscopy data shows that decreasing the pH of the fabricated nanocomposite has an influence on the extract release rate than increasing its temperature.

Conclusions The present study gave a proof of inducing a shoulder block in rat by IV injection administration of NIPAAM-MAA/Arthemisia aucheri. L extract complexes and magnet application to the shoulder. This will be a prospective formulation if a lower pH and temperature is considered for optimum release of this nanoanesthetics, thus, this can be translated into clinical practice for future applications.
Dialysetherapie – Patientenziele im Widerspruch zu wirtschaftlichen Zielen
Authors: Rukavina Marion
Published: August 2017

Jha V et al. Ethical issues in dialysis therapy. Lancet 2017; 389:1851–1856

Die Dialysetherapie ist eine kostenintensive Behandlungsform für Patienten und Gesundheitssysteme. Hingegen hat die Nierentransplantation
gegenüber der Dialyse zweifelsohne klinische sowie langfristig finanzielle Vorteile. Ein kürzlich publizierter Beitrag geht nun den
ethischen Aspekten der Dialyse mit der Frage nach, wie diese angeboten und gleichzeitig die damit einhergehenden finanziellen Bürden
gelockert werden können.
Binge-Drinking – Mobiles Programm für Jugendliche
erfolgreich
Authors: Drexelius Nina
Published: August 2017

Haug S. et al. Efficacy of a web- and text messaging-based intervention to reduce
problem drinking in adolescents: Results of a cluster-randomized controlled
trial. J Consult Clin Psychol 2017; 85: 147–159

Die neuen Medien für Interventionen bei Jugendlichen zu nutzen, scheint
naheliegend. Die Studienlage deutet daraufhin, dass Kurzinterventionen auf
elektronischem Weg kosteneffektiv sind und von jungen Menschen eher
akzeptiert werden als solche von Angesicht zu Angesicht. Nach ersten
Pilotstudien mit Alkoholpräventionsprogrammen hat eine schweizerische
Arbeitsgruppe nun ein solches Programm in einer größeren Gruppe
getestet.
Früherkennung – CMV-Screening bei Neugeborenen spart Kosten
Authors: Bischoff Martin
Published: August 2017

Gantt S et al. Cost-effectiveness of Universal and Targeted Newborn Screening for Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. JAMA Pediatr 2016;
170: 1173–1180

Zum Zeitpunkt der Geburt haben nur wenige Kinder mit kongenitaler Zytomegalievirus-(cCMV)-Infektion klinische Symptome. Da die
diagnostische Abklärung meist nur bei klinischem Verdacht erfolgt, entgehen die meisten Kinder mit cCMV-Infektion der Früherkennung und
damit einer frühzeitigen spezifischen Therapie, die neurologischen Folgen vorbeugen kann. Diese Konstellation spricht für ein
CMV-Screening.
Funktionelle somatische Syndrome –
Verhaltenstherapeutisches Gruppenprogramm hilft Patienten und senkt
Kosten
Authors: Drexelius Nina
Published: August 2017

Schröder A. et al. Long-term economic evaluation of cognitive-behavioural group
treatment versus enhanced usual care for functional somatic syndromes. J
Psychosom Res 2017; 94: 73–81

Funktionelle somatische Syndrome (FSS) wie Fibromyalgie, Reizdarmsyndrom oder
Chronisches Erschöpfungssyndrom sind häufig – und verursachen hohe Kosten.
Psychotherapeutische Behandlungen wie Verhaltenstherapie können die Symptome
von FSS lindern und die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen verbessern. Eine
dänische Arbeitsgruppe hat jetzt die Langzeitwirkungen einer solchen
Behandlung untersucht.
Entwöhnung vom Beatmungsgerät – Verbessertes Weaning erhöht
Lebensqualität und senkt Kosten
Authors: Hölbling Catrin
Published: August 2017

Rund 40 % aller Patienten, die künstlich beatmet werden müssen, haben
Schwierigkeiten, anschließend vom Beatmungsgerät entwöhnt zu werden. Sie
müssen unter hohen Kosten weiterbehandelt werden. Um die Entwöhnung – das
sog. Weaning – und damit die Prognose für die Patienten zu verbessern, hat
die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin (DGP) das
Kompetenznetzwerk „WeanNet“ gegründet.
Adipositas-Chirurgie – Ist bariatrische Chirurgie
kosteneffektiv?
Authors: Blaich Cornelia
Published: August 2017

Gulliford MC et al. Costs and Outcomes of Increasing Access to Bariatric Surgery:
Cohort Study and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Using Electronic Health Records.
Value Health 2017; 20: 85–92

Ziele der bariatrischen Chirurgie bei Patienten mit morbider Adipositas sind
neben der Gewichtsreduktion die Remission oder geringere Inzidenz eines
Typ-2-Diabetes und eine Reduktion der Sterblichkeit. Die Autoren untersuchen
in einer Kohortenstudie die Auswirkungen und Kosteneffektivität der
bariatrischen Chirurgie im Vergleich zu einer nicht chirurgischen Behandlung
der Adipositas.
Novelle der Krankenhausstatistikverordnung – Stellungnahme der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie
Authors: Felder Stefan
Published: August 2017

Mittlerweile wurde die Zweite Verordnung
zur Änderung der Krankenhausstatistik
von der Bundesregierung erlassen;
die Zustimmung des Bundesrats
in der Bunderatssitzung am 7. Juli 2017
ist allerdings erforderlich, damit die Verordnung
rechtskräftig wird. Im Folgenden
sind die wichtigsten Anliegen der
dggö, die bisher nicht (ausreichend)
berücksichtigt wurden, nochmals zusammengefasst.
Observation of long-lived coherent spin precession in orthoferrite ErFeO3 induced by terahertz magnetic fields
Authors: Watanabe Hiroshi , Kurihara Takayuki , Kato Takeo , Yamaguchi Keita , Suemoto Tohru
Published: August 2017

Coherent control of spin waves in terahertz frequencies promises fruitful applications in ultrafast spintronic devices and has been receiving increasing attention. Although materials with low spin-wave damping are especially desirable for such purposes, quality factor values reported in previous studies were limited to the order of several tens. Here, we prepared a high quality orthoferrite ErFeO3 single crystal and investigated the precession motion (quasi-ferromagnetic resonance mode), by using terahertz pulse pumping and near infrared probe pulse to observe the transient Faraday rotation. As a result, we found a quality factor of spin precession exceeding 1000 in a slab sample. The results from rod shaped samples of various widths fabricated from the same single crystal suggest that the spatial coherence length is larger than 100 μm. The results indicate that the high quality ErFeO3 crystals can be an ideal platform for ultrafast spintronics and quantum information technology.
Magnetic field modulating in-line fiber polarization modulator based on microfiber and magnetic fluid
Authors: Ma Rende , Li Xiaoping , Dong Xinyong , Xia Yunjie
Published: August 2017

We demonstrate an in-line fiber polarization modulator (FPM) which is constructed by immersing a microfiber into magnetic fluid (MF) and modulated with the magnetic field. The polarization modulation principle is based on the magneto-optical dichroism of the MF and the non-circular symmetric distribution of magnetic nanoparticles around the microfiber. Modulations of both the light polarization degree and the polarization direction are realized. The modulation capability, time response, insertion loss, and magnetic field direction dependence of the proposed FPM are studied.
Broadband hot-carrier dynamics in three-dimensional Dirac semimetal Cd3As2
Authors: Zhu Chunhui , Yuan Xiang , Xiu Faxian , Zhang Chao , Xu Yongbing , Zhang Rong , Shi Yi , Wang Fengqiu
Published: August 2017

The hot-carrier relaxation dynamics of Cd3As2 thin films has been investigated by using femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy in a transmission geometry. A comparative study of degenerate and non-degenerate experiments reveals that hot-carrier distribution in Cd3As2 is established with a time constant of ∼400 fs. Significantly, the broadband measurements allow the extraction of the time evolution of electron temperature and the carrier-phonon coupling factor g = 5.3 × 1015 W m−3 K−1 is deduced by a semiclassical two-temperature model. These results provide fundamental insights into the hot-carrier dynamics of Cd3As2.
Dynamics of relativistic shock waves subject to a strong radiation drag: Similarity solutions and numerical simulations
Authors: Leitus Ilia , Levinson Amir
Published: August 2017

We examine the effect of the Compton drag on the dynamics of a relativistic shock wave. Similarity solutions describing a radiation-supported shock are obtained for certain profiles of the external radiation intensity and the density of the unshocked ejecta and are compared with 1D numerical simulations of a blast wave expanding into an ambient medium containing isotropic seed radiation. Both the analytic model and the simulations indicate that under realistic conditions the radiation drag should strongly affect the dynamics and structure of the shocked layer. In particular, our calculations show significant strengthening of the reverse shock and weakening of the forward shock over time of the order of the inverse Compton cooling time. We conclude that the effect of the radiation drag on the evolution of the emitting plasma should affect the resultant light curves and, conceivably, spectra of the observed emission during strong blazar flares.
First-principles calculations of X-ray absorption spectra for warm dense methane
Authors: Li Zi , Wang Cong , Li Dafang , Kang Wei , Zhang Ping
Published: August 2017

X-ray absorption spectrum is a powerful tool for atomic structure detection on materials under extreme conditions. Here, we perform first-principles molecular dynamics and X-ray absorption spectrum calculations for warm dense methane under thermodynamical conditions along a Hugoniot curve. From the molecular dynamics trajectories, the detailed atomic structures are examined for each condition. The carbon K-shell X-ray absorption spectrum is calculated, and its change with temperature and pressure is discussed. The methane systems under extreme conditions may contain radicals CHx (x = 1,2,3), molecules CH4, and carbon chains CmHn (m,n >1). These various products show quite different contributions to the total X-ray spectrum due to the different atomic and electronic structures. The change of the total X-ray spectrum along the Hugoniot curve is then attributed to the change of the products induced by the temperature and pressure. Some clear signatures on the X-ray absorption spectrum under different thermodynamical conditions are proposed, which provide useful information for future X-ray experiments.
Single-stage EHD thruster response to several simulation conditions in nitrogen gas
Authors: Granados Victor H. , Pinheiro Mario J. , Sá Paulo A.
Published: August 2017

We use a numerical model to investigate the influence of pressure from 0.5 Torr (66.7 Pa) to 100 Torr (13.3 kPa) and temperature (190–400 K) on the performance (thrust, fluid velocity, and thrust-to-power-ratio) of a single stage electrohydrodynamic thruster made of a rod anode and funnel-like cathode geometry, using nitrogen as the working gas. The model includes the following nitrogen species: N, N+, N2, N2+, and N4+. Additional factors are investigated: (i) the ballast resistance, (ii) the secondary electron emission from the cathode (in the range of 10−5–10°), and (iii) the influence of the gap between electrodes on the discharge. As expected, higher pressures increase the net thrust, thrust efficiency, and peak gas velocity; however, with increasing temperatures, the trend reverses. We notice that gas flow velocity diminishes for the increasing values of the secondary emission coefficient, and it is possible to identify two working regimes presenting different behaviors: in the first region, for values of the secondary electron emission coefficient between 10−5 and 10−2, thrust was not affected, and in the second region, between 10−2 and 1, a clear decrease in thrust is observed, accompanied by an increase in the discharge current, an undesired effect for the purpose of thrust production.
On the conditions for nonlinear growth in magnetospheric chorus and triggered emissions
Authors: Gołkowski Mark , Gibby Andrew R.
Published: August 2017

The nonlinear whistler mode instability associated with magnetospheric chorus and VLF triggered emissions continues to be poorly understood. Following up on formulations of other authors, an analytical exploration of the stability of the phenomenon from a new vantage point is given. This exploration derives an additional requirement on the anisotropy of the energetic electron distribution relative to the linear treatment of the instability, and shows that the nonlinear instability is most favorable to increasing growth rate when electrons become initially trapped in the wave potential of a constant frequency wave. These results imply that the initiation of the nonlinear instability at the equator requires a positive frequency sweep rate, while the initiation of the instability by a constant frequency triggering wave must occur at a location downstream of the geomagnetic equator.
Influence of gas pressure on electron beam emission current of pulsed cathodic-arc-based forevacuum plasma electron source
Authors: Burdovitsin Victor A. , Kazakov Andrey V. , Medovnik Alexander V. , Oks Efim M.
Published: August 2017

We describe our experimental investigation of the effect of background gas pressure on the emission parameters of a pulsed cathodic-arc-based forevacuum-pressure plasma-cathode electron source. We find that increased gas pressure over the range 4–16 Pa significantly reduces the beam current rise-time and significantly increases the emission current amplitude. For example, at a discharge current of 20 A, increasing the working gas pressure from 4 Pa to 16 Pa increases the emission current from 8 A to 18 A and shortens the beam rise-time from 50 μs to 20 μs. This influence of gas pressure on the electron beam parameters can be explained by the effect of arc discharge current switching from the anode to emission. In our case, the current switching effect is caused by increased working gas pressure. In the forevacuum pressure range, the increase of the electron emission current with the growth of gas pressure is due to a rise in the emission plasma potential which is caused by ion back-streaming from the plasma formed in the electron beam transport region. A model describing the influence of gas pressure on the electron emission from the plasma is presented.
AC stress and electronic effects on SET switching of HfO2 RRAM
Authors: Liu Jen-Chieh , Magyari-Köpe Blanka , Qin Shengjun , Zheng Xin , Philip Wong H.-S. , Hou Tuo-Hung
Published: August 2017

An AC stress test was performed to investigate the accompanying electronic effects in a HfO2 resistive random access memory during the SET transition, which featured a sudden decrease in resistance. Comparing the DC and AC measurement results indicated the pronounced influence of interrupted stress on both the mean values and variations of time to SET. First-principles calculations suggested that the charge states (+2, +1, or neutral) of oxygen vacancies affect the migration barrier for forming oxygen vacancy clusters. Therefore, a charge-state-dependent SET model is proposed to include the additional electronic effects induced by the dynamics of electron trapping and detrapping in oxygen vacancies during AC stress. A trimodal Weibull fitting based on the proposed model reproduced the experimental time to SET distributions obtained in a wide range of AC stress conditions.
Characterization of low loss microstrip resonators as a building block for circuit QED in a 3D waveguide
Authors: Zoepfl D. , Muppalla P. R. , Schneider C. M. F. , Kasemann S. , Partel S. , Kirchmair G.
Published: August 2017

Here we present the microwave characterization of microstrip resonators, made from aluminum and niobium, inside a 3D microwave waveguide. In the low temperature, low power limit internal quality factors of up to one million were reached. We found a good agreement to models predicting conductive losses and losses to two level systems for increasing temperature. The setup presented here is appealing for testing materials and structures, as it is free of wire bonds and offers a well controlled microwave environment. In combination with transmon qubits, these resonators serve as a building block for a novel circuit QED architecture inside a rectangular waveguide.
Three-dimensional ultrasonic trapping of micro-particles in water with a simple and compact two-element transducer
Authors: Franklin A. , Marzo A. , Malkin R. , Drinkwater B. W.
Published: August 2017

We report a simple and compact piezoelectric transducer capable of stably trapping single and multiple micro-particles in water. A 3D-printed Fresnel lens is bonded to a two-element kerfless piezoceramic disk and actuated in a split-piston mode to produce an acoustic radiation force trap that is stable in three-dimensions. Polystyrene micro-particles in the Rayleigh regime (radius λ/14 to λ/7) are trapped at the focus of the lens (F# = 0.4) and manipulated in two-dimensions on an acoustically transparent membrane with a peak trap stiffness of 0.43 mN/m. Clusters of Rayleigh particles are also trapped and manipulated in three-dimensions, suspended in water against gravity. This transducer represents a significant simplification over previous acoustic devices used for micro-particle manipulation in liquids as it operates at relatively low frequency (688 kHz) and only requires a single electrical drive signal. This simplified device has potential for widespread use in applications such as micro-scale manufacturing and handling of cells or drug capsules in biomedical assays.
Parameter extraction using global particle swarm optimization approach and the influence of polymer processing temperature on the solar cell parameters
Authors: Kumar S. , Singh A. , Dhar A.
Published: August 2017

The accurate estimation of the photovoltaic parameters is fundamental to gain an insight of the physical processes occurring inside a photovoltaic device and thereby to optimize its design, fabrication processes, and quality. A simulative approach of accurately determining the device parameters is crucial for cell array and module simulation when applied in practical on-field applications. In this work, we have developed a global particle swarm optimization (GPSO) approach to estimate the different solar cell parameters viz., ideality factor (η), short circuit current (Isc), open circuit voltage (Voc), shunt resistant (Rsh), and series resistance (Rs) with wide a search range of over ±100 % for each model parameter. After validating the accurateness and global search power of the proposed approach with synthetic and noisy data, we applied the technique to the extract the PV parameters of ZnO/PCDTBT based hybrid solar cells (HSCs) prepared under different annealing conditions. Further, we examine the variation of extracted model parameters to unveil the physical processes occurring when different annealing temperatures are employed during the device fabrication and establish the role of improved charge transport in polymer films from independent FET measurements. The evolution of surface morphology, optical absorption, and chemical compositional behaviour of PCDTBT co-polymer films as a function of processing temperature has also been captured in the study and correlated with the findings from the PV parameters extracted using GPSO approach.
Intense γ ray generated by refocusing laser pulse on wakefield accelerated electrons
Authors: Feng Jie , Wang Jinguang , Li Yifei , Zhu Changqing , Li Minghua , He Yuhang , Li Dazhang , Wang Weimin , Chen Liming
Published: August 2017

Ultrafast x/γ ray emission from the combination of laser wake-field acceleration and plasma mirror has been investigated as a promising Thomson scattering source. However, the photon energy and yield of radiation are limited to the intensity of reflected laser pulses. We use the 2D particle in cell simulation to demonstrate that a 75TW driven laser pulse can be refocused on the accelerated electron bunches through a hemispherical plasma mirror with a small f number of 0.25. The energetic electrons with the maximum energy about 350 MeV collide with the reflected laser pulse of a0 = 3.82 at the focal spot, producing high order multi-photon Thomson scattering, and resulting in the scattering spectrum which extends up to 21.2 MeV. Such a high energy γ ray source could be applied to photonuclear reaction and materials science.
Quantum dynamics of H2 in a carbon nanotube: Separation of time scales and resonance enhanced tunneling
Authors: Mondelo-Martell Manel , Huarte-Larrañaga Fermín , Manthe Uwe
Published: August 2017

Quantum confinement effects are known to affect the behavior of molecules adsorbed in nanostructured materials. In order to study these effects on the transport of a single molecule through a nanotube, we present a quantum dynamics study on the diffusion of H2 in a narrow (8,0) carbon nanotube in the low pressure limit. Transmission coefficients for the elementary step of the transport process are calculated using the flux correlation function approach and diffusion rates are obtained using the single hopping model. The different time scales associated with the motion in the confined coordinates and the motion along the nanotube’s axis are utilized to develop an efficient and numerically exact approach, in which a diabatic basis describing the fast motion in the confined coordinate is employed. Furthermore, an adiabatic approximation separating the dynamics of confined and unbound coordinates is studied. The results obtained within the adiabatic approximation agree almost perfectly with the numerically exact ones. The approaches allow us to accurately study the system’s dynamics on the picosecond time scale and resolve resonance structures present in the transmission coefficients. Resonance enhanced tunneling is found to be the dominant transport mechanism at low energies. Comparison with results obtained using transition state theory shows that tunneling significantly increases the diffusion rate at T < 120 K.
Optically induced reversible wettability transition on single crystal lithium niobate surfaces
Authors: Yan Weishan , Zhao Dongfang , Zhang Ling , Jia Ran , Gao Naikun , Zhang Dongdong , Luo Wenyao , Li Yanlu , Liu Duo
Published: August 2017

Solid surfaces with controllable and reversible wettability are scientifically and technologically important. Here, we report on the reversible wettability transitions of single crystal (0001) lithium niobate (LiNbO3) surfaces by alternate ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) light irradiation. The UV irradiation (170 mW/cm2) could markedly reduce the contact angle of LiNbO3 over 30 min from 55.3° to 10.7°. IR irradiation (200 mW/cm2) recovered the water contact angle from 10.7° to 55.1° over 1 h. First-principles calculations showed that under both O-poor and O-rich conditions, oxygen vacancies preferred to form at the Li-terminal (0001) surface rather than at the Nb-terminal surface and the O-terminal surface or in the bulk. We further show that this light induced wettability transition has a dependence on the light wavelength. The influences of relative humidity and oxygen concentration were also investigated.
Pool boiling characteristics and critical heat flux mechanisms of microporous surfaces and enhancement through structural modification
Authors: Ha Minseok , Graham Samuel
Published: August 2017

Experimental studies have shown that microporous surfaces induce one of the highest enhancements in critical heat flux (CHF) during pool boiling. However, microporous surfaces may also induce a very large surface superheat (>100 °C) which is not desirable for applications such as microelectronics cooling. While the understanding of the CHF mechanism is the key to enhancing boiling heat transfer, a comprehensive understanding is not yet available. So far, three different theories for the CHF of microporous surfaces have been suggested: viscous-capillary model, hydrodynamic instability model, and dryout of the porous coatings. In general, all three theories account for some aspects of boiling phenomena. In this study, the theories are examined through their correlations with experimental data on microporous surfaces during pool boiling using deionized (DI) water. It was found that the modulation of the vapor-jet through the pore network enables a higher CHF than that of a flat surface based on the hydrodynamic instability theory. In addition, it was found that as the heat flux increases, a vapor layer grows in the porous coatings described by a simple thermal resistance model which is responsible for the large surface superheat. Once the vapor layer grows to fill the microporous structure, transition to film boiling occurs and CHF is reached. By disrupting the formation of this vapor layer through the fabrication of channels to allow vapor escape, an enhancement in the CHF and heat transfer coefficient was observed, allowing CHF greater than 3500 kW/m2 at a superheat less than 50 °C.