bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hōnen and James on Religious Transformation: Psychological Conditions of Conversion and the Nembutsu
Authors: Inukai Yumiko
Published: November 2012

Hōnen, the founder of the Jōdo School of Buddhism in Japan, came to a strong conviction of the efficacy of the nembutsu through his deep personal experience, in which he realized that he would be incapable of mastering the Buddhist teachings and practices. Although Hōnen refrains from urging the nembutsu practitioner to focus on the mental components of the nembutsu, a close reading of his texts reveals that he has a systematic view of a psychological process that the nembutsu practitioner must go through in order to recite the nembutsu properly. I argue that Hōnen's account of a deep, dynamic psychological structure of the nembutsu practitioner exhibits a strong parallel to psychological factors in the preconditions of religious experience elucidated by James in his Varieties of Religious Experience . Moreover, interestingly, Hōnen's religious conviction of the Jōdo belief being grounded in his own emotionally infused personal experience accords well with James' contention regarding religion in general. James' psychological analyses of religious experience provide an illuminating framework in which we can understand the significance of the psychological process of the nembutsu practitioner expounded by Hōnen in his teachings of the nembutsu as well as the importance of Hōnen's own personal experience.
Ren and Gantong : Openness of Heart and the Root of Confucianism
Authors: Wang Huaiyu
Published: November 2012

In this essay, the sense of gantong 感通 is taken as a vital clue, and a line of interpretation is established that brings the complex meanings of ren and its various forms of writing into a coherent unity. The interpretation here identifies one of the oldest meanings of ren as gantong : open and affective comportment with spiritual, human, and natural beings in the surrounding world. The origin of ren lies in the ancient rites of ancestral worship that featured the spiritual surrogates ( shi 尸) who served as the intermediary for the communication and interaction ( gantong ) between dead ancestors and living descendents, between heavenly spirits and human beings. While this use of ren as gantong did not start with Confucius, what distinguished the Confucian understanding of ren was the shift of priority from the way of heaven to the way of the human, from the divination and intuition of godly injunctions to care and compassion among different individuals in the human community. Openness and sincerity of heart became the central meaning of ren in Confucian teachings and the root of Confucian moral cultivation, which can be best described as a gradual process of person opening instead of person making.
Sorafenib therapy decreases the clearance of thyrotropin
Authors: Verloop Herman , Smit Johannes W A , Dekkers Olaf M
Published: November 2012

Objective

Thyroid function abnormalities are common during treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as sorafenib. Suggested causes are direct effects on thyroid tissue and increased extrathyroidal metabolism of serum thyroxine and 3,5,3-triiodothyronine. We postulated that tyrosine kinase inhibitors may affect the peripheral metabolism of TSH as well. The effect of sorafenib on TSH clearance was studied.

Design

In a study of athyreotic patients on TSH suppression therapy, TSH concentrations were measured after recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) injections before and after 26 weeks of sorafenib therapy.

Methods

Before and after the last week of sorafenib therapy, 20 patients with progressive differentiated thyroid carcinoma received a standard dose regimen of two injections 0.9 mg rhTSH on two consecutive days. TSH concentrations were measured 48 h (TSH48 h) and 96 h (TSH96 h) after the first rhTSH injection. The area under the curve (TSH-AUC), reflecting TSH content between 48 and 96 h following rhTSH administration, was calculated.

Results

TSH48 hlevels (120.5 mU/l before vs 146.3 mU/l after;P=0.029), TSH96 hlevels (22.0 mU/l before vs 35.5 mU/l after;P=0.001), and TSH-AUC (142.7 vs 186.8 mU/l;P=0.001) were significantly higher after sorafenib treatment. Higher sorafenib doses were associated with increased changes in TSH96 hand TSH-AUC. In two patients, TSH levels after sorafenib therapy exceeded 200 mU/l.

Conclusions

Sorafenib therapy is accompanied by higher rhTSH levels, probably due to a decreased TSH clearance. Further studies are recommended to clarify whether a decreased clearance of TSH is sorafenib specific.
Localization and regulation of pancreatic selenoprotein P
Authors: Steinbrenner Holger , Hotze Anna-Lena , Speckmann Bodo , Pinto Antonio , Sies Helmut , Schott Matthias , Ehlers Margret , Scherbaum Werner A , Schinner Sven
Published: November 2012

Progressive loss of pancreatic β-cell mass is a crucial feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus. As β-cells express very low amounts of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), they appear to be particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Here, we investigated the pancreatic expression pattern and regulation of selenoprotein P (Sepp1), which may serve as an additional antioxidant enzyme inside and outside of cells. Sepp1 was detected in rodent pancreas by immunofluorescence and real-time RT-PCR. Regulation of Sepp1 biosynthesis in INS-1 rat insulinoma cells was investigated by real-time RT-PCR, luciferase gene reporter assay, and immunoblotting.Sepp1andGpx1gene expressions in rat pancreas were 58 and 22% respectively of the liver values. PancreaticSepp1expression was restricted to the endocrine tissue, with Sepp1 being present in the α- and β-cells of mouse islets. In INS-1 insulinoma cells,Sepp1expression was stimulated by the selenium compound sodium selenate and diminished in the presence of high glucose (16.7 vs 5 mM) concentrations.Sepp1mRNA stability was also lowered at 16.7 mM glucose. Moreover,Sepp1mRNA levels were decreased in isolated murine islets cultured in high-glucose (22 mM) medium compared with normal glucose (5.5 mM) medium. PancreaticSepp1expression was elevated upon treatment of mice with the β-cell toxin streptozotocin. This study shows that pancreatic islets express relatively high levels of Sepp1 that may fulfill a function in antioxidant protection of β-cells. Downregulation ofSepp1expression by high glucose might thus contribute to glucotoxicity in β-cells.
Superhydrophobicity of different shaped Ni surfaces fabricated with electrodeposition
Authors: Tao Yishi , Hu Anmin , Li Ming
Published: November 2012

Five different types of Ni surfaces were fabricated using electrodeposition method. To improve the surface superhydrophobicity, the freshly prepared Ni surfaces were dipped in stearic acid (ethanol) solution for chemical modification. The five types of Ni surfaces presented different superhydrophobic properties because of the difference in surface morphology. Such wettability property of Ni surfaces might shed light on the high-tech areas of self-cleaners, anticorrosion materials, anticontamination materials and so forth.
Histometric Analysis of the Effect of Enamel Matrix Derivative on the Healing of Periodontal Defects in Rats With Diabetes
Authors: Corrêa Mônica Grazieli , Gomes Campos Mirella L. , Marques Marcelo R. , Casati Marcio Z. , Nociti Francisco H. , Sallum Enilson A.
Published: November 2012

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) involves metabolic changes that can negatively influence periodontal tissues, resulting in impaired periodontal repair. There is a lack of information about the outcomes of regenerative approaches under the influence of DM. Enamel matrix derivatives (EMDs) have been used in periodontal regenerative procedures, resulting in improvement of clinical parameters. Thus, the aim of this histomorphometric study is to evaluate the healing of periodontal defects after treatment with EMD under the influence of DM.

Methods: Twenty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to two groups: group 1 (G1): DM was induced with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (n = 10); group 2 (G2): rats were not exposed to STZ (n = 10). Seven days after DM induction, bilateral fenestration defects were created at the buccal aspect of the first mandibular molar. After the surgeries, the defects of each animal were randomly assigned to two subgroups: non‐treated (control) and treated with EMD. The animals were euthanized 21 days later, and the percentage of defect fill (DF), newly formed bone density (BD), and new cementum formation (NCF) were histometrically assessed. The number of osteoclasts was determined by tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase. Weight and blood glucose were also analyzed. Mann‐Whitney U test was used for comparison among groups and Wilcoxon test for comparison between the start and end times (weight and blood glucose) and between treatments (NCF and number of osteoclasts). One‐way analysis of variance was used to assess DF and BD. Tukey test was used when the analysis of variance test detected significant differences (α = 5%).

Results: G1 (DM) showed less DF and BD compared with G2. EMD provided an increased DF in both groups and enhanced BD and NCF only in G2. The number of TRAP‐positive osteoclasts was significantly higher in EMD‐treated sites of G1.

Conclusions: DM may produce a significant detrimental effect on BD. EMD may provide greater DF under diabetic or normal conditions; however, it may not significantly increase NCF in animals with DM.
Thermo‐Reversible Green Tea Catechin Gel for Local Application in Chronic Periodontitis: A 4‐Week Clinical Trial
Authors: Chava Vijay Kumar , Vedula Bhargavi Devi
Published: November 2012

Background: Green tea extract is a naturally occurring antimicrobial agent, consisting of polyphenols (catechin) with anticariogenic, anti‐inflammatory, anticollagenolytic properties. Hence, in the present study, an attempt was made to develop a thermo‐reversible sustained‐release green tea gel and to study its clinical effects on patients with chronic periodontitis (CP).

Methods: Thermo‐reversible sustained‐release green tea catechin gel was prepared and tested for its in vitro release characteristics. An in vivo controlled, randomized, split‐mouth single‐evaluator masked study was conducted. Thirty patients with two sites in the contralateral quadrants having probing depths (PDs) of ≥4 mm were selected. Assessment of gingival index (GI), PD, and relative clinical attachment levels (rCALs) was done at baseline and at 4 weeks. Green tea and placebo gels were placed at test and control sites as an adjunct to Phase 1 periodontal therapy.

Results: Comparison of the mean ± SD GI, PD, and rCAL values within the test group at baseline (1.92 ± 0.24, 4.93 ± 0.58, and 9.97 ± 0.72, respectively) and the end of 4 weeks (0.01 ± 0.04, 2.87 ± 0.51, and 7.87 ± 0.51, respectively) showed high statistical significance (P <0.001). Comparison of mean ± SD of GI, PD, and rCAL within the control group at baseline (1.95 ± 0.16, 4.77 ± 0.50, and 9.73 ± 0.45, respectively) and the end of 4 weeks (0.16 ± 0.11, 3.8 ± 0.48, and 8.76 ± 0.43, respectively) showed significance with P <0.001. High significance was observed between the delta of measurements (0 to 4 weeks) of GI, PD, and rCAL between test (1.91 ± 0.20, 2.06 ± 0.07, and 2.1 ± 0.21, respectively) and control (1.79 ± 0.05, 0.97 ± 0.02, and 0.97 ± 0.02, respectively) groups.

Conclusion: Adjunctive local drug therapy with thermo‐reversible green tea gel has shown to reduce pockets and inflammation during the 4 weeks of the clinical trial in patients with CP.
Effect of Hemodiafiltration on Quality of Life over Time
Authors: Mazairac Albert H.A. , de Wit G. Ardine , Grooteman Muriel P.C. , Penne E. Lars , van der Weerd Neelke C. , den Hoedt Claire H. , Lévesque Renée , van den Dorpel Marinus A. , Nubé Menso J. , ter Wee Piet M. , Bots Michiel L. , Blankestijn Peter J.
Published: November 2012

Background and objectives

It is unclear if hemodiafiltration leads to a better quality of life compared with hemodialysis. It was, therefore, the aim of this study to assess the effect of hemodiafiltration on quality of life compared with hemodialysis in patients with ESRD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

This study analyzed the data of 714 patients with a median follow-up of 2 years from the Convective Transport Study. The patients were enrolled between June of 2004 and December of 2009. The Convective Transport Study is a randomized controlled trial on the effect of online hemodiafiltration versus low-flux hemodialysis on all-cause mortality. Quality of life was assessed with the Kidney Disease Quality of Life—Short Form. This questionnaire provides data for a physical and mental composite score and describes kidney disease-specific quality of life in 12 domains. The domains have scales from 0 to 100.

Results

There were no significant differences in changes in health-related quality of life over time between patients treated with hemodialysis (n=358) or hemodiafiltration (n=356). The quality of life domain patient satisfaction declined over time in both dialysis modalities (hemodialysis: −2.5/yr, −3.4 to −1.5, P<0.001; hemodiafiltration: −1.4/yr, −2.4 to −0.5, P=0.004).

Conclusions

Compared with hemodialysis, hemodiafiltration had no significant effect on quality of life over time.
Effect of Oral Anabolic Steroid on Muscle Strength and Muscle Growth in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Supasyndh Ouppatham , Satirapoj Bancha , Aramwit Pornanong , Viroonudomphol Duangkamol , Chaiprasert Amnart , Thanachatwej Vipa , Vanichakarn Supat , Kopple Joel D.
Published: November 2012

Background and objectives

Sarcopenia is common in hemodialysis patients. This study examined whether the anabolic steroid oxymetholone improves muscle mass and handgrip strength in hemodialysis patients and possible mechanisms that might engender such changes.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Forty-three eligible hemodialysis patients were randomly assigned to ingest oxymetholone or placebo for 24 weeks. Body composition, handgrip strength, and quality of life were measured during the study. Muscle biopsies were performed and analyzed for mRNA levels for myostatin, IGF-I, IGF binding proteins, and myosin heavy chains and protein expression. Muscle fiber types and diameter were assessed by reduced nicotinamide–adenine dinucleotide staining.

Results

There was a significantly greater increase in fat-free mass and handgrip strength and decrease in fat mass in the oxymetholone compared with the placebo group. Moreover, compared with baseline values, patients given oxymetholone exhibited an increase in fat-free mass, handgrip strength, physical functioning scores, and type I muscle fiber cross-sectional area and a decrease in fat mass, whereas patients receiving placebo did not undergo changes. There was a significantly greater increase in muscle mRNA levels for myosin heavy chain 2×, IGF-I, and IGF-II receptor with oxymetholone treatment than placebo. Liver enzyme rose significantly in the oxymetholone group, but the number of values greater than three times the upper limit of normal were not different between these groups.

Conclusions

In hemodialysis patients, ingesting oxymetholone was associated with an increase in fat-free mass, handgrip strength, and muscle mRNA levels for several growth factors and a decrease in fat mass, but it also induced liver injury.
Effect of the Dialysis Fluid Buffer on Peritoneal Membrane Function in Children
Authors: Schmitt Claus Peter , Nau Barbara , Gemulla Gita , Bonzel Klaus E. , Hölttä Tuula , Testa Sara , Fischbach Michel , John Ulrike , Kemper Markus J. , Sander Anja , Arbeiter Klaus , Schaefer Franz
Published: November 2012

Background and objectives

Double-chamber peritoneal dialysis fluids exert less toxicity by their neutral pH and reduced glucose degradation product content. The role of the buffer compound (lactate and bicarbonate) has not been defined in humans.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

A multicenter randomized controlled trial in 37 children on automated peritoneal dialysis was performed. After a 2-month run-in period with conventional peritoneal dialysis fluids, patients were randomized to neutral-pH, low-glucose degradation product peritoneal dialysis fluids with 35 mM lactate or 34 mM bicarbonate content. Clinical and biochemical monitoring was performed monthly, and peritoneal equilibration tests and 24-hour clearance studies were performed at 0, 3, 6, and 10 months.

Results

No statistically significant difference in capillary blood pH, serum bicarbonate, or oral buffer supplementation emerged during the study. At baseline, peritoneal solute equilibration and clearance rates were similar. During the study, 4-hour dialysis to plasma ratio of creatinine tended to increase, and 24-hour dialytic creatinine and phosphate clearance increased with lactate peritoneal dialysis fluid but not with bicarbonate peritoneal dialysis fluid. Daily net ultrafiltration, which was similar at baseline (lactate fluid=5.4±2.6 ml/g glucose exposure, bicarbonate fluid=4.9±1.9 ml/g glucose exposure), decreased to 4.6±1.0 ml/g glucose exposure in the lactate peritoneal dialysis fluid group, whereas it increased to 5.1±1.7 ml/g glucose exposure in the bicarbonate content peritoneal dialysis fluid group (P=0.006 for interaction).

Conclusions

When using biocompatible peritoneal dialysis fluids, equally good acidosis control is achieved with lactate and bicarbonate buffers. Improved long-term preservation of peritoneal membrane function may, however, be achieved with bicarbonate-based peritoneal dialysis fluids.
Multiple Pregnancies in CKD Patients
Authors: Piccoli Giorgina Barbara , Arduino Silvana , Attini Rossella , Parisi Silvia , Fassio Federica , Biolcati Marlisa , Pagano Arianna , Bossotti Carlotta , Vasario Elena , Borgarello Valentina , Daidola Germana , Ferraresi Martina , Gaglioti Pietro , Todros Tullia
Published: November 2012

Background and objectives

CKD and multiple pregnancies bear important risks for pregnancy outcomes. The aim of the study was to define the risk for adverse pregnancy-related outcomes in multiple pregnancies in CKD patients in comparison with a control group of “low-risk” multiple pregnancies.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

The study was performed in the Maternal Hospital of the University of Turin, Italy. Of 314 pregnancies referred in CKD (2000–2011), 20 were multiple (15 twin deliveries). Control groups consisted of 379 low-risk multiple pregnancies (314 twin deliveries) and 19 (15 twin deliveries) cases with hypertension-collagen diseases. Baseline data and outcomes were compared by univariate and logistic regression analyses.

Results

The prevalence of multiple pregnancies was relatively high in the CKD population (6.4%); all referred cases were in early CKD stages (I-II); both creatinine (0.68 to 0.79 mg/dl; P=0.010) and proteinuria (0.81 to 3.42 g/d; P=0.041) significantly increased from referral to delivery. No significant difference in demographic data at baseline was found between cases and low-risk controls. CKD was associated with higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes versus low-risk twin pregnancies. Statistical significance was reached for preterm delivery (<34 weeks: 60% vs 26.4%; P=0.005; <32 weeks: 53.3% vs 12.7%; P<0.001), small for gestational age babies (28.6% vs 8.1%; P<0.001), need for Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (60% vs 12.7%; P<0.001), weight discordance between twins (40% vs 17.8%; P=0.032), and neonatal and perinatal mortality (6.6% vs 0.8%; P=0.032).

Conclusion

This study suggests that maternal-fetal risks are increased in multiple pregnancies in the early CKD stages.
Association between AKI, Recovery of Renal Function, and Long-Term Outcomes after Hospital Discharge
Authors: Pannu Neesh , James Matthew , Hemmelgarn Brenda , Klarenbach Scott
Published: November 2012

Background and objectives

This study aimed to determine if recovery of kidney function after AKI modifies the association between AKI during hospitalization and adverse outcomes after discharge.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

The effect of renal recovery after AKI was evaluated in a population-based cohort study (n=190,714) with participants identified from a provincial claims registry in Alberta, Canada, between November 1, 2002 and December 31, 2007. AKI was identified by a two-fold increase between prehospital and peak in-hospital serum creatinine (SCr). Recovery was assessed using SCr drawn closest to 90 days after the AKI event. All-cause mortality and a combined renal outcome of sustained doubling of SCr or progression to kidney failure were evaluated.

Results

Overall, 3.7% of the participants (n=7014) had AKI, 62.7% of whom (n=4400) survived 90 days. In the 3231 patients in whom recovery could be assessed over a median follow-up of 34 months, 30.8% (n=1268) of AKI survivors died and 2.1% (n=85) progressed to kidney failure. Participants who did not recover kidney function had a higher risk for mortality and adverse renal outcomes when AKI participants who recovered to within 25% of baseline SCr were used as the reference group (adjusted mortality hazard ratio (HR), 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.10, 1.43) (adjusted renal outcomes HR, 4.13; 95% confidence interval, 3.38, 5.04). Mortality HR was notably higher when participants failed to recover within 55% of baseline.

Conclusions

Renal recovery after AKI is associated with a lower risk of death or adverse renal outcomes after hospital discharge.
The USRDS
Authors: Foley Robert N. , Collins Allan J.
Published: November 2012

This article summarizes the administrative structure underlying the Unites States Renal Data System (USRDS); summarizes incidence, prevalence, patient characteristics, and treatment modalities; and describes data regarding clinical indicators and preventive care, hospitalization, survival, and costs. The USRDS recently instituted a comprehensive assessment system to characterize the transition to the new Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Prospective Payment System, which bundles into a single payment several integral components of dialysis care. This challenging initiative will be an important component of future USRDS Annual Data Reports. The main strengths of the USRDS are its size and representativeness, nearly complete inclusion of the US end-stage renal disease population, and linkage to Medicare claims. Limitations include lack of continuous validation of its methods, lack of complete comorbidity and laboratory data at registration, an initial survival bias, and lack of accuracy of cause-of-death reporting.
Randomized Clinical Trial of the Iron-Based Phosphate Binder PA21 in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Wüthrich Rudolf P. , Chonchol Michel , Covic Adrian , Gaillard Sylvain , Chong Edward , Tumlin James A.
Published: November 2012

Background and objectives

A dose-finding study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of PA21, a novel polynuclear iron(III)-oxyhydroxide phosphate binder.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

In a randomized, active-controlled, multicenter, open-label study at 50 clinical sites in Europe and the United States, hemodialysis patients were randomized to PA21 at dosages of 1.25, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, or 12.5 g/d or sevelamer-HCl 4.8 g/d for 6 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in serum phosphorus concentration from baseline.

Results

There were 154 participants who were randomized and received the study drug. All groups except PA21 1.25 g/d showed a significant decrease in serum phosphorus. Mean decreases in serum phosphorus in PA21 10 g/d and 12.5 g/d were −2.00±1.71 mg/dl and −1.69±1.81 mg/dl, respectively. A similar decrease to sevelamer-HCl (−1.06±1.35 mg/dl) was seen with PA21 5.0 g/d (−1.08±2.12 mg/dl) and 7.5 g/d (−1.25±1.21 mg/d). Overall, 60.9% of participants randomized to PA21 and 57.7% randomized to sevelamer-HCl reported ≥1 adverse event. The most frequent adverse events were hypophosphatemia (18.0%) and discolored feces (11.7%) for the pooled PA21 dose groups, and diarrhea, hypophosphatemia, and hypotension (each 11.5%) for sevelamer-HCl. Discontinuation due to adverse events occurred at a similar rate in PA21-treated (21.1%) and sevelamer-HCl–treated (23.1%) participants.

Conclusions

PA21 5–12.5 g/d significantly reduces serum phosphorus in hemodialysis patients. The 5 g/d and 7.5 g/d dosages showed similar efficacy to 4.8 g/d of sevelamer-HCl. The adverse events rate was similar for PA21 and sevelamer-HCl.
Change in Cardiac Geometry and Function in CKD Children During Strict BP Control
Authors: Matteucci Maria Chiara , Chinali Marcello , Rinelli Gabriele , Wühl Elke , Zurowska Aleksandra , Charbit Marina , Pongiglione Giacomo , Schaefer Franz
Published: November 2012

Background and objectives

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and abnormal systolic function are present in a high proportion of children with CKD. This study evaluated changes in left ventricular (LV) geometry and systolic function in children with mild to moderate CKD as an ancillary project of the Effect of Strict Blood Pressure Control and ACE Inhibition on Progression of Chronic Renal Failure in Pediatric Patients trial.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Echocardiograms and ambulatory BP monitoring were performed at baseline and at 1- or 2-year follow-up in 84 patients with CKD and 24-hour mean BP above the 50th percentile and/or receiving fixed high-dose angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and randomized to conventional or intensified BP control.

Results

LVH prevalence decreased from 38% to 25% (P<0.05). Changes in LV mass index (LVMI) were restricted to patients with LVH at baseline (−7.9 g/m2.7; P<0.02). Changes in LVMI were independent of randomization, reduction in BP, hemoglobin, and estimated GFR. A significant increase in midwall fractional shortening was observed in the total cohort (P<0.05), and was greater in the intensified group compared with the conventional BP control group (12%±1.9% versus 8%±1.5%; P=0.05). In multivariate analysis, improvement in myocardial function was associated with reduction in BP (r=−0.4; P<0.05), independently of LVMI reduction.

Conclusions

In children with CKD, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition with improved BP control, LVH regression, and improved systolic function was observed within 12 months. Lowering BP to the low-normal range led to a slightly more marked improvement in myocardial function but not in LVMI.
Association of Physical Activity with Survival among Ambulatory Patients on Dialysis
Authors: Johansen Kirsten L. , Kaysen George A. , Dalrymple Lorien S. , Grimes Barbara A. , Glidden David V. , Anand Shuchi , Chertow Glenn M.
Published: November 2012

Background and objectives

Despite high mortality and low levels of physical activity (PA) among patients starting dialysis, the link between low PA and mortality has not been carefully evaluated.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

The Comprehensive Dialysis Study was a prospective cohort study that enrolled patients who started dialysis between June 2005 and June 2007 in a random sample of dialysis facilities in the United States. The Human Activity Profile (HAP) was administered to estimate PA among 1554 ambulatory enrolled patients in the Comprehensive Dialysis Study. Patients were followed until death or September 30, 2009, and the major outcome was all-cause mortality.

Results

The average age was 59.8 (14.2) years; 55% of participants were male, 28% were black, and 56% had diabetes mellitus. The majority (57.3%) had low fitness estimated from the HAP score. The median follow-up was 2.6 (interquartile range, 2.2–3.1) years. The association between PA and mortality was linear across the range of scores (1–94). After multivariable adjustment, lower adjusted activity score on the HAP was associated with higher mortality (hazard ratio, 1.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.23–1.39 per 10 points). Patients in the lowest level of fitness experienced a 3.5-fold (95% confidence interval, 2.54–4.89) increase in risk of death compared with those with average or above fitness.

Conclusions

Low levels of PA are strongly associated with mortality among patients new to dialysis. Interventions aimed to preserve or enhance PA should be prospectively tested.
Associations of Serum Skeletal Alkaline Phosphatase with Elevated C-Reactive Protein and Mortality
Authors: Filipowicz Rebecca , Greene Tom , Wei Guo , Cheung Alfred K. , Raphael Kalani L. , Baird Bradley C. , Beddhu Srinivasan
Published: November 2012

Background and objectives

Higher serum total alkaline phosphatase (AP) levels are associated with increased serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and mortality in the general and CKD populations. It is unclear to what extent these associations are related to bone disease.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

In a nationally representative sample of 10,707 adult participants from the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, serum nonskeletal AP levels were estimated from the measured serum skeletal and total AP levels. The associations of serum skeletal AP and nonskeletal AP levels with elevated serum CRP concentrations (>3 mg/L) and mortality were examined in multivariable models.

Results

Skeletal AP was not associated with elevated CRP (for each doubling in non-CKD: odds ratio [OR], 1.00; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.90–1.11; in CKD: OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.83–1.70) or mortality (for each doubling in non-CKD: hazard ratio [HR], 1.10; 95% CI, 0.94–1.29; in CKD: HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.75–1.28). In contrast, nonskeletal AP was associated with elevated CRP (for each doubling in non-CKD: OR, 4.51; 95% CI, 3.80–5.35; in CKD: OR, 5.98; 95% CI, 3.40–10.51). Nonskeletal AP was associated with mortality in non-CKD (for each doubling: HR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.37–2.80) but not in CKD (for each doubling: HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.51–1.67) (interaction P=0.03).

Conclusions

Bone disease is unlikely to account for the known associations of serum total AP with increased inflammation and mortality.
Overview and insight into the MONICA research group
Authors: Pekár Adrián , Révés Martin , Giertl Juraj , Feciľak Peter
Published: November 2012

This paper deals with the activities of the MONICA research group of the Computer Networks Laboratory at the Technical University of Košice in Slovakia. MONICA stands for the Monitoring and Optimization of Network Infrastructures, Communications and Applications. Our main areas of interest are related to development of the BasicMeter tool built in conformity with the IPFIX architecture. In this paper we give an overview of our solution and proposal of several enhancements over the scope of IPFIX, such as time synchronization for the One-Way Delay measurements, the protocol for direct communication with the analyzing application, the centralized management of the monitoring platform, and support for real-time monitoring.
Supporting multiple configuration sources using abstraction
Authors: Nosáľ Milan , Porubän Jaroslav
Published: November 2012

Software engineers have long recognized the need to shift focus from developing systems to developing system families. One way to develop software family is to develop configurable systems. A configuration (initial settings of a program), written in application-specific language, can be expressed using many different formats, such as XML, YAML, attribute-oriented programming, etc., each one having pros and cons. Often the target group of users is too wide to meet their expectations by using only one format. This paper analyzes options that system providers have in supporting multiple configuration languages or sources. An enhanced abstraction tool is chosen as the best solution, and its architecture is briefly presented. The main contribution to the tool’s design is advocation of the declarative representation of mapping of input languages to output format.
On building an object-oriented parallel virtual reality system
Authors: Sobota Branislav , Korečko Štefan , Hrozek František
Published: November 2012

The paper deals with an issue of a design, development and implementation of a fully immersive virtual reality (VR) system and corresponding virtual worlds, specified in an object-oriented fashion. A virtual world object structure, reflecting a division of VR system into subsystems with respect to affected senses, is introduced. It also discusses virtual worlds building process, utilizing the software development technique of stepwise refinement, and possibilities of parallel processing in VR systems. The final part describes a VR system that has been implemented at the home institution of the authors according to some of the ideas presented here.
Mining moving object data
Authors: Zendulka Jaroslav , Pešek Martin
Published: November 2012

Currently many devices provide information about moving objects and location-based services that accumulate a huge volume of moving object data, including trajectories. This paper deals with two useful analysis tasks — mining moving object patterns and trajectory outlier detection. We also present our experience with the TOP-EYE trajectory outlier detection algorithm, which we applied to two real-world data sets.
Analyzing stereotypes of creating graphical user interfaces
Authors: Bačíková Michaela , Porubän Jaroslav
Published: November 2012

A graphical user interface (GUI, UI) is an important part of an application, with which users interact directly. It should be implemented in the best way with respect to understandability. If a user does not understand the terms in the UI, he or she cannot work with it; then the whole system is worthless. In order to serve well the UI should contain domain-specific terms and describe domain-specific processes. It is the primary source for domain analysis right after domain users and experts. Our general goal is to propose a method for an automatic domain analysis of user interfaces. First, however, the basic principles and stereotypes must be defined that are used when creating user interfaces and rules must be derived for creating an information extracting algorithm. In this paper these stereotypes are listed and analyzed and a set of rules for extracting domain information is created. A taxonomy of UIs and a taxonomy of components based on their domain-specific information is also proposed. Our DEAL method for extracting this information is outlined and a prototype of DEAL is presented. Also our goals for the future are listed: expanding the prototype for different components and different types of UIs.
Modeling generalization and specialization with Extended Conceptual Graphs
Authors: Baksa-Varga Erika , Kovács László
Published: November 2012

The final goal of our research is to show that the performance of statistical rule induction can be improved by augmenting training data with semantic information. In order to prove this hypothesis, a statistical grammar induction system is to be created the knowledge base of which is represented by Extended Conceptual Graphs (ECGs). Since generalization and specialization are the basic operations of induction, they are of great significance in machine learning. As a consequence, the paper aims at investigating the least common generalization and the greatest common specialization of two ECG graphs. These operations should be traced back to the examination of ECG graph element instances. For this reason, a domain-specific ECG element instance type lattice (T′,≺) has been generated for the given test environment. Our final conclusion is that the least common generalization and the greatest common specialization of two ECG graphs always exist and can be computed. Therefore, the definition of the ≺ relation on element instances can be extended to a partial relation ⪯ on ECG diagram graphs, according to which F
1 ⪯ F
2 if graph Γ
1 is more specialized than Γ
2.
Cognitive traveling in digital space: from keyword search through exploratory information seeking
Authors: Navrat Pavol
Published: November 2012

This paper surveys principal concepts involved in various approaches to web search. There are many attempts to improve key word search. There is the concept of exploratory search, which represents a shift towards more complex view of the interested fellow’s role, widening her options. We propose a more radical shift towards viewing information seeking as cognitive traveling in the digital information space involving both web and digital libraries.
Process models using hardware in simulation loop
Authors: Alexík Mikuláš
Published: November 2012

This paper describes two methods for realization of configurable time continuous linear and non-linear dynamical models. The first method is based on classical PC plus A/D and D/A converters and the second one is based on a microcontroller (Atmel ARM7). Both methods can be used for verification of algorithms for control and identification of processes, modeling of transport processes dynamics using simulation experiments, if simulations run in real time. The application of a microcontroller allows a simple realization of changing parameters and also non-linearity of the process. In the paper we also pay attention to the realization of real time in a programmable environment under Microsoft Windows and the realization of precise calculations in floating point on microcontrollers.
New approach to remote laboratory in regard to topology change and self-repair feature
Authors: Kleinová Katarína , Feciľak Peter
Published: November 2012

Remote laboratories deal with performing real lab experiments remotely via the Internet. Recent advances in the Internet/web technologies and computer-controlled instrumentation allow net-based techniques to be used for setting up remote real laboratory access. This paper deals with the solutions for remote laboratory providing services for the operation of remote laboratory. The paper addresses problems related to the requirement of flexible, secure and easy remote access to laboratory equipment as well as the need for hardware and/or software re-configuration. This paper presents a unique concept for logical topology change with the usage of Q-in-Q tunneling and automated self-repair feature after failure.
Satisfiability in composition-nominative logics
Authors: Nikitchenko Mykola , Tymofieiev Valentyn
Published: November 2012

Composition-nominative logics are algebra-based logics of partial predicates constructed in a semantic-syntactic style on the methodological basis, which is common with programming. They can be considered as generalizations of traditional logics on classes of partial predicates that do not have fixed arity. In this paper we present and investigate algorithms for solving the satisfiability problem in various classes of composition-nominative logics. We consider the satisfiability problem for logics of the propositional, renominative, and quantifier levels and prove the reduction of the problem to the satisfiability problem for classical logics. The method developed in the paper enables us to leverage existent state-of-the-art satisfiability checking procedures for solving the satisfiability problem in composition-nominative logics, which could be crucial for handling industrial instances coming from domains such as program analysis and verification. The reduction proposed in the paper requires extension of logic language and logic models with an infinite number of unessential variables and with a predicate of equality to a constant.
Participants' Perspectives on the Feasibility of a Novel, Intensive, Task-Specific Intervention for Individuals With Chronic Stroke: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Merlo Angela R. , Goodman Ashley , McClenaghan Bruce A. , Fritz Stacy L.
Published: November 2012

Background

Evidence-based practice promotes patient-centered care, yet the majority of rehabilitative research fails to take patient perspectives into consideration. Qualitative research provides a unique opportunity for patients to express opinions and provide valuable insight on intervention processes.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of a novel, intensive, task-specific intervention from the patient's perspective.

Design

A phenomenological approach to qualitative inquiry was used.

Methods

Eight individuals with chronic stroke participated in an intensive intervention, 3 hours per day for 10 consecutive days. Participants were interviewed twice regarding their impressions of the therapy, and a focus group was conducted with participants and family members. Data analysis included an analytical thematic approach.

Results

Five major themes arose related to the feasibility of the intervention: (1) a manageable amount of fatigue; (2) a difficult, yet doable, level of intensity; (3) a disappointingly short therapy duration; (4) enjoyment of the intervention; and (5) muscle soreness.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that participants perceived this novel and intensive, task-specific intervention as a feasible therapeutic option for individuals with chronic stroke. Despite the fatigue and muscle soreness associated with intensive rehabilitation, participants frequently reported enjoying the therapy and stated disappointment with the short duration (10 days). Future research should include a feasibility trial of longer duration, as well as a qualitative analysis of the benefits associated with the intervention.
Many Randomized Trials of Physical Therapy Interventions Are Not Adequately Registered: A Survey of 200 Published Trials
Authors: Pinto Rafael Zambelli , Elkins Mark R. , Moseley Anne M. , Sherrington Catherine , Herbert Robert D. , Maher Christopher G. , Ferreira Paulo H. , Ferreira Manuela L.
Published: November 2012

Background

Clinical trial registration has several putative benefits: prevention of selective reporting, avoidance of duplication, encouragement of participation, and facilitation of reviews. Previous surveys suggest that most trials are registered. However, these surveys examined only trials in journals with high impact factors, which may bias the results.

Purpose

This study examined the completeness of clinical trial registration and the extent of selective reporting of outcomes in a random sample of published randomized trials in physical therapy.

Data Sources

This was a retrospective cohort study in which 200 randomized trials of physical therapy interventions were randomly selected from those published in 2009 and indexed in the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), regardless of the publishing journal.

Data Extraction

Evidence of registration was sought for each trial in the study, on clinical trial registers, and by contacting authors.

Data Synthesis

The proportion of randomized trials that were registered was 67/200 (34%). This proportion was significantly lower than among the trials in journals with high impact factors, where the proportion was 75% (odds ratio=7.4, 95% confidence interval=2.6–21.4). Unambiguous primary outcomes (ie, method and time points of measurement clearly defined in the trial registry entry) were registered for 32 trials, and registration was adequate (ie, prospective with unambiguous primary outcomes) for 5/200 (2.5%) trials. Selective outcome reporting occurred in 23 (47%) of the 49 trials in which selective reporting was assessable.

Limitations

The inclusion of only English-language trials prevents generalization of the results to non–English-language trials.

Conclusions

Registration of randomized trials of physical therapy interventions is rarely adequate. Consequently, the putative benefits of registration are not being fully realized.
A Review of Meta-Analyses in Education
Authors: Ahn Soyeon , Ames Allison J. , Myers Nicholas D.
Published: November 2012

The current review addresses the validity of published meta-analyses in education that determines the credibility and generalizability of study findings using a total of 56 meta-analyses published in education in the 2000s. Our objectives were to evaluate the current meta-analytic practices in education, identify methodological strengths and weaknesses, and provide recommendations for improvements in order to generate a more valid and credible knowledge base of what works in practice. It was found that 56 meta-analyses followed general recommendations fairly well in problem formulation and data collection, but much improvement is needed in data evaluation and analysis. Particularly, lack of information reported as well as little transparency in the use of statistical methods are concerns for generating credible and generalizable meta-analytic findings that can be transformed to educational practices. Recommendations for yielding more reliable and valid inferences from meta-analyses are provided.
The Gap That Can’t Go Away
Authors: Saunders William M. , Marcelletti David J.
Published: November 2012

When English Learners (ELs) demonstrate English language proficiency, they are reclassified as Fluent English Proficient (RFEP). Subsequently they are often left out of the analysis of EL progress because they are, technically, no longer ELs. This article examines the effects of including and excluding RFEPs from the analysis of EL progress. Based on statewide achievement data from California including ELs, RFEPs, IELs (all initially identified English Learners: ELs + RFEPs), and English-only students (EOs), the analysis demonstrates that focusing on current ELs and excluding RFEPs (a) underestimates the population of IELs, (b) overestimates the achievement gap between IELs and EOs, and (c) decreases the likelihood of detecting progress when positive changes in achievement have taken place over time. Implications are discussed.
Religious Coping in Schizophrenia Patients: Spiritual Support in Medical Care and Pastoral Counselling
Authors: Brandt Pierre-Yves , Mohr Sylvia , Gillièron Christiane , Rieben Isabelle , Huguelet Philippe
Published: November 2012

Abstract:

Following an introduction focusing on the role of religion in the treatment of psychosis, the first part of this paper describes an initial study in which the role of spirituality and religiosity was assessed in 115 patients with schizophrenia in Geneva (Switzerland) and 126 in Trois-Rivières (Quebec). These themes have been shown to be highly prevalent for these patients, though their clinicians are often unaware of this prevalence. The following part of the paper presents a second study where religious supervision was offered to clinicians in Geneva. Comparison between forty patients who received spiritual assessment and opportunities to work on religious topics with their clinicians was made with thirty patients without religious intervention. In the supervisory sessions, six different types of religious interventions were suggested. Outcomes at three months show that patients of the intervention group maintain their interest for help in religious matters while clinicians' interest in integrating religious topics in discussions with their patients has decreased. The third and main part of the paper is devoted to an analysis of the suggested interventions from the viewpoint of the study of religions. Five aspects of religion are distinguished, and explanations of the reasons some of them are easier to manage for clinicians are proposed. The paper concludes with proposals for the education of clinicians to help them to differentiate different kinds of religious coping and to recognize when it could be helpful to refer the patient to a pastoral counsellor.
Two Theological Movements in India That Complicate Western Reformed Identities
Authors: Schweitzer Don
Published: November 2012

Abstract:

This essay examines how Indian Christian theology and Dalit theology, products of the contextualization of Christianity in India, complicate Western Reformed Christian identities. The former has introduced elements of Hinduism into Christian thought there. This raises questions about what is Christian and what Western in some Western Reformed theologies. This conversation is further complicated by Dalit theology, which critiques Indian Christian theologies for overlooking caste oppression. This paper invokes the reign of God and the preferential option for the poor as principles that can guide Western Reformed theologies in responding to the challenges raised by these two theological movements in India.