bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for poor outcomes in patients with acute lower leg compartment syndrome: A retrospective study of 103 cases
Authors: Lin Zhe , Hou Zhiyong , Guo Jialiang , Lin Yongsheng , Zhang Yingze
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
The primary aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with the bad outcomes of acute compartment syndrome (ACS) of lower leg. The secondary objective was to determine if delayed fasciotomy is linked to bad outcomes.
Methods:
In a retrospective study approved by the institutional review board, we identified 103 patients with ACS of lower leg. Among these, 44 patients exhibited bad outcome while 59 patients demonstrated a good outcome. Patient-related factors, laboratory values, and treatment-related factors were analyzed using electronic medical records. Univariate statistical and logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine significance.
Results:
Bivariate analyses showed that the mechanism of injury (P = 0.021), open injury (P = 0.001), arterial injury (P<0.001), HB (P < 0.001), WBC (P = 0.008), ALB (P<0.001), CK at presentation (P = 0.015), peak CK (P<0.001), Ca (P = 0.004), dehydrating agent (P = 0.036), and debridement (P = 0.005) were found to be associated with the risk of poor outcomes. Logistic regression analyses revealed that arterial injury [p < 0.001, OR = 66.172, 95% CI (10.536, 415.611)] was an independent risk factor for poor outcomes. However, HB [p = 0.005, OR = 0.934, 95% CI (0.891, 0.979)] was a protective factor against poor outcomes.
Conclusions:
ACS of the lower leg is a serious complication often associated with a poor prognosis. Patients with arterial injury or lower HB have a significantly increased risk of having poor outcomes. Poor outcomes were not found to be associated with the timing of fasciotomy in this study.
Students’ perception and feedback on Bioethics as a new subject in undergraduate Indian medical curriculum : How far can it help?
Authors: Ganguly Barna , Duarte Ivono , DeSouza Russell F , Nunes Rui
Published: January 2024

Background:The National Medical Commission of India introduced Competency Based Curriculum in Medical Education for undergraduate medical students in 2019 with a new module namely Attitude, Ethics and Communication (AETCOM) across the country. This was first of its kind to implement Bioethics as a subject in medical curriculum. It is necessary to take feedback from the students which can serve as a communication and a tool for evaluation of implementation process.
Objectives: This study was aimed to explore the perceptions and feedback of students and align the observation with implementation through inductive reasoning.
Methods: It was a questionnaire based study on the medical students of India who underwent the introduction of AETCOM module for the first time. This was followed by analysis through inductive reasoning on the observed key areas of the feedback data.
Results: There were mixed responses on perception as well as feedbacks. Majority of the students felt the necessity of teaching learning bioethics but not to be taught in closed classroom based teaching. They preferred more of bedside teaching on ethical issues instead of classroom teaching based on theories. A few students did not find interest in the theoretical deliberation of this subject. The identified key areas also could led to the conclusion that there is need of innovative teaching methods of Bioethics through more interactive sessions in small groups encouraging active learning strategy.
Conclusion: The study draws the attention of all stakeholders for revision and efforts for further improvement in teaching and assessment process for setting a standard model in medical education in India.
Event-triggered Optimal Consensus for Discrete-time Nonlinear Multiagent Systems with DoS attacks via Reinforcement Learning Method
Authors: Liao Yujie , Wang Xin , Wang Ziming , Zhang Sen
Published: January 2024

This paper focuses on the event-triggered optimal control problem of discrete-time nonlinear multiagent systems (MASs) via the reinforcement learning method. Distinguished from the existing consensus protocols for discrete-time multiagent systems under the ideal communication scenario, the considered model suffers from input saturation, unknown external disturbance, and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. According to the approximation capability of the radial basis function neural network(RBF NN), the disturbance network is established to tackle the effect of the unknown disturbance on consensus issues. Subsequently, the composite controller is derived with the reinforcement learning strategy to deal with the DoS attacks, where the update frequency of the actor-critic networks and controllers is determined by the novel event-triggered mechanism. Finally, two simulations are formulated to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.
Scavenger Receptor Genes Polymorphisms Association with Tuberculosis and Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Pakistani population
Authors: Tariq Ezza Binte , Subhan Urooj , Deeba Farah , Ullah Riaz , Tariq Zuha , Liaquat Afrose , Younis Sidra
Published: January 2024

Host genetics is pivotal in deciding disease susceptibility and outcome in individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Scavenger receptors are PRRs that play a vital role in facilitating molecular interactions between Mtb and the host. This interaction can potentially be modified by polymorphisms in scavenger receptor genes. The role of scavenger receptors in TB or LTBI pathogenesis has not yet been studied. Therefore, we designed a case-control study to investigate the association of polymorphisms in the CD36 gene at rs1761667 (G>A) and rs3211938 (T>G), and SR-B1 gene at rs4238001 (G>A) with TB and LTBI in the Pakistani population using ARMS-PCR. Fisher's exact chi-square test was used to compare genotypes between study groups. We found that rs4238001 (AA, p=0.00) and rs1761667 (AA, p=0.03) were significantly associated with active TB. Furthermore, rs1761667 (GA, p=0.00) and rs3211938 (GG, p<0.00) were significantly associated with LTBI. Our findings suggest that SR-B1 and CD36 gene polymorphisms may contribute to TB pathogenesis in the Pakistani population. Furthermore, different genotypes of a single SNP can have varying effects on the susceptibility to both TB and LTBI. Further studies on polymorphism-associated gene expression will provide insights into their role in TB and LTBI pathogenesis.
Neutralizing antibody responses and cellular responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.5 after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Kawashiro Keita , Suzuki Rigel , Nogimori Takuto , Iwahara Naoya , Hirose Takayuki , Okada Kazufumi , Yamamoto Takuya , Fukuhara Takasuke , Hotta Kiyohiko , Shinohara Nobuo
Published: January 2024

Although the mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has improved the mortality rate in the general population, its efficacy against rapidly mutating virus strains, especially in kidney transplant recipients, remains unclear. We examined the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody titers and cellular immunity against B.1.1, BA.1, and BA.5 antigens in 73 uninfected kidney recipients and 17 uninfected healthy controls who received three doses of an mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The IgG antibody titers were significantly lower in recipients than in healthy controls. Similarly, neutralizing antibody titers against three viral variants were significantly lower in recipients. When the virus was mutated, the neutralizing antibody titers decreased significantly in both groups. In cellular immunity analysis, the number of spike-specific CD8 + non-naïve T cells against three variants significantly decreased in recipients. Conversely, the frequency of spike-specific Th2 CD4 + T-cells in recipients was higher than that in healthy controls. Twenty recipients and seven healthy controls also received a bivalent omicron-containing booster vaccine, leading to increased IgG and neutralizing antibody titers in both groups. However, the increase was significantly lower in recipients. Recipients did not gain sufficient immunity with a third dose of vaccine, indicating a need to explore methods other than vaccines.
Clindamycin Derivatives: Unveiling New Prospects as Potential Anti-Tumor Agents
Authors: Jia Yiduo , zhang yinmeng , Zhu Hong
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the anti-tumor potential of Clindamycin derivatives, compounds 3 and 3e, through a multidisciplinary approach. Screening 200 Clindamycin-associated targets identified the Family A G-protein-coupled receptor as a prominent anti-tumor target. Subsequent analyses revealed 16 relevant anti-tumor proteins, with compound 3 demonstrating a strong association with a specific protein via stable hydrogen bonding. Molecular dynamics simulations identified adrenergic receptor β as a critical target, predominantly localized in the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum. These findings suggest that compound 3 may enhance natural defense mechanisms against tumors by regulating immune responses in the tumor microenvironment, offering a potential avenue for novel anti-tumor drug development.
Radiological and clinical outcomes after Attune primary total knee arthroplasty using Stemmable Tibia: a two-year follow-up prospective bi-center study
Authors: Rhee Seung Joon , Woo Seung Hun , Kim Jung Shin , Yun Mi Sook , Park Chankue , Lee Sang-Min
Published: January 2024

Background
The outcomes of primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using the Stemmable Tibia Attune system are unknown, and this study aimed to determine these outcomes.
Methods
This prospective bi-center study enrolled 100 patients undergoing primary TKA with Stemmable Tibia between January 2019 and December 2021. Radiological outcomes (hip-knee-ankle [HKA] axis and medial proximal tibial angle [MPTA]) were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively. Clinical outcomes (visual analog scale [VAS], Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, Knee Society function score [KS-FS] knee score [KS-KS]) and flexion contracture (FC), further flexion (FF), and range of motion (ROM) were analyzed preoperatively and at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively. Complications such as periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and aseptic loosening were examined
Results
The HKA axis decreased from 9.2° ± 6.3° preoperatively to 0.9° ± 2.6° postoperatively, and the MPTA increased from 84.9° ± 2.6° preoperatively to 89.9° ± 2.2° postoperatively. The VAS, HSS, KS-KS, and KS-FS increased postoperatively. The KS-KS indicated excellent outcomes (70.24% and 68.33% at 1 and 2 years postoperatively, respectively); the KS-FS also showed good results (97.62% and 94.05% at 1 and 2 years postoperatively, respectively). ROM significantly improved (p < 0.001), with FC decreasing from 9.22° ± 6.85° to 2.15° ± 2.68° and FF increasing from 135.48° ± 13.73° to 141.06° ± 9.42°. One case of PJI occurred; however, no early loosening was observed.
Conclusions
Attune primary TKA with Stemmable Tibia is safe and effective, and leads to radiological and clinical improvements.
Teaching English to Economy and Finance Majors at Nakhchivan State University
Authors: Ashrafova Ilaha
Published: January 2024

This study explores the English language learning challenges faced by first-year economy and finance students at Nakhchivan State University. Through surveys, interviews, and academic performance analysis, the research identifies key difficulties in vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, and listening comprehension, and their impact on academic and professional proficiency. The findings suggest the need for specialized English teaching strategies tailored to these students' specific needs.
Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Private Domestic Investment in Ethiopia.
Authors: Wogari Takele
Published: January 2024

This study examines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on private domestic investment in Ethiopia. This study employed annual time-series data from 1990 to 2019 for gross fixed capital formation, real gross domestic product, exchange rate, inflation, and foreign direct investment (FDI). This study adopted an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach and other econometric tools of analysis to answer the objectives set out in this study. The Augmented Dickey–Fuller test, Phillips–Perron unit root test, and bounds test method of cointegration employed indicate that the series used in the model are all stationary, with a unique long-run relationship established among the variables. The study also establishes an inverse relationship between FDI and private domestic investment within the period under reference. Using econometric procedures, the ADF unit root test revealed that some variables were integrated into the first difference. The ARDL test indicated the existence of long-run relationships among the variables. When testing for causality using the Granger causality test, the results obtained indicate that there is a unidirectional relationship between FDI and private domestic investment in Ethiopia, meaning that FDI causes private domestic investment in Ethiopia, while private domestic investment does not cause foreign direct investment. Based on the findings, the following recommendations were made: First, the concerned body should put in place policy with respect to domestic investment, and there must be safety measures to protect domestic investors from falling out of business and domestic investment promotion measures that will stimulate domestic firms’ investment. Second, in an attempt to control the birr exchange rate since it does have bearing on inflation, the government should put in place an enduring framework to strike the risk of domestic producers for them to take innovative domestic investors that will have a competitive advantage with foreign investors.
Cranial ontogeny in Steller sea lions: Relationships between cranial morphology and suction feeding
Authors: Yuge Ryunosuke , Kobayashi Yumi , Isono Takeomi , Yamamura Orio
Published: January 2024

Suction feeding is a specific behavior in pinnipeds such as the Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus), whereas the phylogenetically related brown bear (Ursus arctos) ingests by masticatory feeding. Because these feeding modes use different organs, the morphology and ontogeny of the cranial bones of these species may be related to differences in their feeding behavior. In this study, we performed multiple regression analyses to compare the ontogeny of Steller sea lion and brown bear cranial morphology by species and sex, using age, species, and the age × species interaction as explanatory variables and site measurements standardized by cranial length as response variables. The results showed that the palatine bone in both sexes widened with age in Steller sea lions compared to brown bears, whereas the width of the zygomatic arch was less developed in female Steller sea lions than in brown bears. This result may reflect the fact that the masticatory muscles are used less during suction feeding, whereas the tongue is used to perform force-intensive tasks. These results are consistent with previous studies on Carnivora and suggest that the development of the palatine bone and underdevelopment of the zygomatic arch represent characteristics of suction feeding.
Screening of common key immune genes and prediction of potential drugs in chronic hepatic injury
Authors: Pang Ting , Fu Jing , Li Junxuan , Chen Yong , He Huan , Ma Jiabao , Liang Cao , Tang Qiulian , Hu Naiqiang , Zhao Meirong , Qin Qingxia , Wei Jiangcun
Published: January 2024

Studies had revealed that Immune related genes play an important role in Chronic hepatic injury (CHI), which is the main cause of liver fibrosis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CHI including Alcoholic hepatitis (AH), Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Hepatitis C (HC), and Hepatitis B (HB) and related Control samples were detected by differential analysis. Then, 77 latent genes of CHI were intersected with IRGs to obtain DEGs for generating a Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to screen out 5 key genes consisting of secreted phosphor protein 1 (SPP1), Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL10), Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20), Annexin A2 (ANXA2), and lectin galactoside-binding soluble 3 (LGALS3). Besides, we found that CXCL10 was regulated by a natural compound named quercetin, and there were 187 herbs with it as the main component. TFs-mRNA network identified that Forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) could regulate 4 key genes including CCL20, SSP1, ANXA2, and LGALS3. Therefore, this could provide references for CHI treatments and further studies.
Autoantibodies neutralizing GM-CSF in HIV-negative Colombian patients infected with Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans
Authors: Arango-Franco Carlos A. , Rojas Julián , Firacative Carolina , Agudelo Clara Inés , Franco José Luis , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Puel Anne , Lizarazo Jairo , Castañeda Elizabeth , Arias Andrés A.
Published: January 2024

Background: Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans or C. gattii. Autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in otherwise healthy adults with cryptococcal meningitis have been described since 2013. We searched for neutralizing auto-Abs in sera from Colombian patients with non-HIV related cryptococcosis in a retrospective national cohort collected from 1997 to 2016. Methods: We reviewed clinical and laboratory records and assessed the presence of neutralizing auto-Abs in 30 HIV (-) adults presenting cryptococcosis (13 by C. gattii, and 17 by C. neoformans).
Results: We detected auto-Abs neutralizing GM-CSF in the plasma of 9 out of 13 (69%) patients infected with C. gattii and 1 out of 17 (6%) patients with C. neoformans.
Conclusions: We report ten Colombian patients with cryptococcosis due to auto-Abs neutralizing GM-CSF. Nine of the ten patients were infected with C. gattii, and only one with C. neoformans.
Factor Structure of the Multidimensional Health Perceptions Questionnaire in English- and Spanish-speakers
Authors: Juengst Shannon B. , Sander Angelle M. , Vega Marlene , Braga Maria Boix , Khera Alka , Pappadis Monique R.
Published: January 2024

Objective: To determine the factor structure of the Multidimensional Health Perceptions Questionnaire (MHPQ), a self-reported multidimensional assessment of health perceptions, in English-speakers and Spanish-speakers in the U.S with and without various health conditions (general population).
Methods: The MHPQ previously demonstrated excellent content validity (content validity index=98.1%) and conceptual equivalence in English and Spanish, with a reading grade level of <8th grade in both languages. We administered the original 93-item MHPQ as an anonymous survey (REDCap™) to participants in the general population (items rated on a 1=Strongly disagree to 5=Strongly agree response scale).
Results: N=357 participants completed the MHPQ (n=331 English, n=26 Spanish). The sample was 74.2% women, 18-82 years old, 24.1% Hispanic/Latino, predominantly White (68.9%), and highly educated (52.1% with at least an Associate degree). Exploratory Factor Analysis resulted in 65 final items with a multidimensional structure and good internal consistency reliabilities, with the following seven health perceptions domains (% variance, Cronbach’s α): Anticipated Discrimination and Judgement (18.9%, α=.92); Spiritual Health Beliefs (8.6%, α=.89); Social and Emotional Well-being (5.5%, α=.71); Confidence in Healthcare Providers and Medicine (3.5%, α=.85); Health Self-Efficacy (2.9%, α=.79); Trust in Social Health Advice (2.8%, α=.74); and Health Literacy (2.2%, α=.86).
Conclusions: Results suggest that the MHPQ may be a valid and reliable measure for comprehensively characterizing health beliefs in the general population. Future work should validate the MHPQ in specific populations.
Distinct sources of resting-state EEG microstates in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Metzger  , Dukic  , McMackin  , Giglia  , Mitchell  , Bista  , Tadjine  , Sirenko  , Plaitano  , Coffey  , McManus  , Sharp Farnell , Mehra  , Heverin  , Bede  , Muthuraman  , Pender  , Hardiman  , Nasseroleslami
Published: January 2024

Brain microstates are a well-established method for the dynamic analysis of resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG). We observed four quasi-stable, transient and reoccurring resting-state topographies in the high density EEG data (128 electrodes, 3x2 min recording blocks). The four microstates were reliably observed across conditions: individuals with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (n = 99) versus age-matched healthy controls (HC, n = 78).
To improve the understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying microstates, we estimated the sources of microstates topographies. A general linear model was applied to predict the microstate sequence based on EEG-estimated source space time courses. High reproducibility across participants of influential brain sources led to the identification of four microstate specific networks. Some brain regions contributed to several microstate networks, which may indicate that these regions (including the precuneus, the superior frontal gyrus and the hippocampus) are functional neuronal ‘hubs’ of connection. Additionally, distinct source patterns were observed between ALS patients and healthy controls, highlighting potential functional changes in the brain networks in ALS.
Development of a multi-sensor biologging collar and analytical techniques to describe high-resolution spatial behavior in free ranging terrestrial mammals
Authors: Painter Michael S , Silovský Václav , Blanco Justin , Holton Mark , Faltusová Monika , Wilson Rory , Börger Luca , Psotta Liza , Almodovar Fabian Ramos , Estrada Luis , Landler Lukas , Malkemper E. Pascal , Hart Vlastimil , Ježek Miloš
Published: January 2024

1. Biologging has proven to be a powerful approach to investigate diverse questions related to movement ecology across a range of spatiotemporal scales and increasingly relies on multidisciplinary expertise. Advancements in sensor design and analytical techniques continue to push the boundaries of this emerging discipline. However, the growing variety of animal-borne equipment, coupled with little consensus regarding analytical approaches to interpret complex datasets presents challenges and makes comparison between studies and study species difficult.
2. Here, we present a combined hardware and analytical approach for standardizing the collection, analysis and interpretation of multi-sensor biologging data. We develop (i) a custom-designed integrated multi-sensor collar (IMSC), which was field tested on 71 free-ranging wild boar (Sus scrofa) over 2 years; (ii) a machine learning behavioral classifier capable of identifying six behaviors in free-roaming boar, validated across individuals equipped with differing collar designs; and (iii) laboratory and field-based calibration and accuracy assessments of animal heading measurements derived from raw magnetometer data.
3. The durability and capacity of IMSCs exceeded expectations, with a 94% collar recovery rate and a 75% cumulative data recording success rate across all collars deployed, with a maximum data logging duration of 421 days. The behavioral classifier had an overall accuracy of 85% in identifying the six behavioral classes across all collar designs and improved to 90% when tested on data from the IMSC only. Both laboratory and field tests of magnetic compass headings were in precise agreement with expectations, with overall median magnetic headings deviating from ground truth observations by 1.7° and 0°, respectively.
4. Here we present the development of the IMSC coupled with an analytical framework verified by ground truth data for identifying core behaviors and spatial orientation in free roaming boar. We highlight the potential of additional analyses available using this commercially produced system that can be adapted for use in future studies on terrestrial mammals.
Cultural landscapes, geography and resilience in four rural areas (Ourense, Spain)
Authors: Medina Xosé Somoza , Medina Marta Somoza
Published: January 2024

The research analyzes the cultural landscapes of four regions in Ourense, one of the provinces of Spain that suffers great problems of demographic atony, ageing, depopulation and abandonment of economic activities. Vulnerable areas that have been deactivated through the 20th century by successive migratory waves, where the loss of population and the relinquishment of agricultural and forestry plots have had severe social, economic and cultural repercussions. The work examines the resilience of these rural landscapes, where different crops have been the key element of life and trade for centuries, adapting the diferential spatial features to the more convenient exploitation of agriculture and livestock. After decades of crisis, some successful experiences show the way to certain territorial renewal based on local resources -vineyard, bread, chestnut and potato-, which were the supportative elements of the population in the past.
Unmanned aerial vehicle aeromagnetic survey results on Romashkinskoye hydrocarbon field
Authors: Nasyrtdinov B. M. , Starovoytov A. V. , Khamiev M. M.
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the study is to survey the magnetic field induction on the Romashkinskoye oil field (Republic of Tatarstan, Russia) using an unmanned aerial vehicle over the profile of 68 km 320 m. A DJI Matric 600Pro electric hexacopter was used as an unmanned aerial vehicle. The survey scheme was as follows: the mission route consisted of three parallel flights (main profiles) and one crossing flight (transverse profile). The distance between adjacent parallel flights was 100 m. The intersecting profile was necessary to connect the main profiles. The flight assignments of each field day were built to overlap the profiles by at least 100 m by the nearby flights and make the flight trajectory coincide with the one of the previous flight. To optimize the process one takeoff / landing point was selected for two nearby flights. During one 20-25 min survey the maximum profile covered by the unmanned aerial vehicle was 1.25 km. The maximum flight distance (from the takeoff moment to the landing) did not exceed 6–6.5 linear kilometers. The methodology considered in the article made it possible to cover 45 linear kilometers over a long span even in adverse weather conditions (rain and wind gusts of 8–12 m/s). The resulting root mean square error for this survey was ±4.7 nT. The survey conducted allowed to obtain 3 profiles with the magnetic field induction magnitude over an extended section. A good correlation was registered between the aeromagnetic survey and the data on the block structure of the basement (according to geomorphological analysis data) with the local component of the crystalline basement. Altunino-Shunak fault has clearly manifested itself in the magnetic field as a positive anomaly with an amplitude of ≈60 nT.
PC-JeDi: Diffusion for particle cloud generation in high energy physics
Authors: Leigh Matthew , Sengupta Debajyoti , Quétant Guillaume , Raine John Andrew , Zoch Knut , Golling Tobias
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we present a new method to efficiently generate jets in High Energy Physics called PC-JeDi. This method utilises score-based diffusion models in conjunction with transformers which are well suited to the task of generating jets as particle clouds due to their permutation equivariance. PC-JeDi achieves competitive performance with current state-of-the-art methods across several metrics that evaluate the quality of the generated jets. Although slower than other models, due to the large number of forward passes required by diffusion models, it is still substantially faster than traditional detailed simulation. Furthermore, PC-JeDi uses conditional generation to produce jets with a desired mass and transverse momentum for two different particles, top quarks and gluons.
Higgs associated production with a vector decaying to two fermions in the geoSMEFT
Authors: Corbett Tyler , Martin Adam
Published: January 2024

We present the inclusive calculations of a Higgs boson produced in association with massive vector bosons in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) to order 1/\Lambda^41/Λ4 for the 13 TeV LHC. The calculations include the decay of the vector boson into massless constituents and are done using the geometric formulation of the SMEFT supplemented by the relevant dimension eight operators not included in the geoSMEFT. We include some discussion of distributions to motivate how detailed collider and experimental searches for SMEFT signals could be improved.
The effect of influencer advertising on the intention to buy Wardah cosmetics in Indonesia
Authors: Pur Damayanti Cheery , Ninggar Dara , Sugiarto Catur
Published: January 2024

Brands use influencers to approach their target market and promote their products. When influencers advertise and recommend cosmetic products, their followers are more likely to believe they are high-quality and safe. This study aims to determine whether advertising value affects purchase intention through attitude toward ads and brand attitude as mediator variables. Respondents in this study were Instagram users in Indonesia who had seen Ayana Jihye Moon’s advertising posts for Wardah products on Instagram. Data were collected through an online questionnaire from 312 respondents. This study uses a quantitative method and SEM-PLS. The results indicate a significant relationship between advertising value, purchase intention, attitude toward ads, and brand image. The findings also show that attitude toward ads and brand attitude significantly influence each other and purchase intention. The mediation test shows that the attitude toward the ad and brand attitude variables partially mediate. It means that the higher advertising value can increase favorable consumer attitudes toward ads, products, or brands. The more elevated the attitude of Instagram users toward influencer advertisements that appear on ads, the higher the attitude of Instagram users toward the brand.
Entrectinib in the treatment of ROS1-positive lung cancer
Authors: Reutova E. V. , Laktionov K. K.
Published: January 2024

The possibilities in the treatment of patients with non–small cell lung cancer are constantly expanding – thanks to high-performance genomic profiling methods, we are discovering new targets in the tumor for drug action, as a result, new targeted drugs appear, some of them have several application points. Multipurpose drugs have a number of advantages and therefore have become the main direction of drug development. Entrectinib is an oral low molecular weight multikinase inhibitor that blocks three targets at once – the receptors of tyrosine kinases ROS1, NTRK1/2/3 and ALK, in 2023 was approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for the treatment of adult patients with ROS1-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. This form of lung cancer is classified as a rare orphan disease, which usually occurs in younger people (about 50 years old), more often in women and non-smokers. Until recently , we had the only active targeted drug – crizotinib. It provided a sufficiently high immediate effect and long-term control of the disease. However, his intracranial activity was not evaluated prospectively, and a retrospective analysis showed modest results. Entrectinib is distinguished from its competitor by high intracranial activity, and, as is known, metastatic brain damage in patients with activating mutations is quite common. With comparable indicators of objective response, its duration and time to progression, entrectinib provides a high level of intracranial control and reduces the risks of progression in the central nervous system in patients who did not have brain metastases at the beginning of therapy. In addition, entrectinib demonstrates good tolerability.
Key aspects of medication adherence to oral anticancer drugs: A literature review
Authors: Agafonova Ju. A. , Snegovoy A. V. , Omelyanovskiy V. V.
Published: January 2024

At least 25% of the anticancer drugs are intended for oral use, while the creation and rapid introduction of oral drugs into clinical practice is constantly growing. Between 2006 and 2021, 80 oral forms of anticancer drugs were approved. It has been shown that patients prefer oral therapy to intravenous therapy if such a replacement is possible with equal efficacy and toxicity of the drugs. This once again emphasizes that the issue of adherence to treatment with oral forms is open and relevant for study. Currently, adherence, as the main factor in achieving the best clinical outcome, has been studied from different perspectives. However, there are no structured data globally, and, accordingly, evidence-based and specific recommendations in the absence of adherence. The review includes data from studies performed over the past 10 years, studying the adherence of patients to treatment with oral anticancer drugs. The data sources for the review were the Medline, Embase, and Scopus databases. Literature analysis showed that the most important aspects in the field of adherence to treatment with oral anticancer drugs include the level of patient adherence to treatment, factors affecting non-compliance, correlation of treatment adherence and clinical outcomes in malignant neoplasms. At the same time, the article considers the impact of non-compliance on the health care system as a whole. The most reliable and up-to-date data in the study area were examined to subsequently identify measures aimed at achieving the best practice in the organization of healthcare for patients with malignant neoplasms. The research results demonstrate the variability and heterogeneity of data, the lack of unified methodological approaches. In turn, this prevents the formation of objective and reliable conclusions about adherence. To make rational strategic decisions on monitoring adherence to treatment, it is necessary to initiate large-scale studies, adopt uniform standard procedures and recommendations for assessing adherence.
Signet ring-cell colorectal adenocarcinoma: review and clinical case
Authors: Yashin S. S. , Yunusova Yu. R. , Noskov K. K. , Ivanyukov A. S.
Published: January 2024

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the general population and has many histological subtypes. Signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma is a rather rare variant of this pathology. It is characterized by molecular genetic and morphological features that are absent in classical adenocarcinomas, which causes some nuances in the clinical course and approach to therapy of this type of tumor. In our clinical case, a 68-year-old patient went to a general practitioner with complaints of abdominal pain, changes in the act of defecation, and according to the primary physical and instrumental examination, he was diagnosed with chronic distal colitis, and later he was prescribed anti-inflammatory therapy. However, six months later, the patient went to the doctor again with complaints of worsening condition and symptoms, after examination, he was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon, but due to low adherence to treatment, as well as late diagnosis, the patient died within six months. Surgical treatment of the patient was limited to resection of the sigmoid colon due to peritoneal adhesions. In the postoperative period, the development of fibrinous-purulent peritonitis and increasing cardiovascular failure were clinically noted. At autopsy, the histological variant of the lesion was changed to the signet-ring cell form with metastasis to the liver and greater omentum. Death occurred from disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome with the development of acute renal failure and centrilobular necrosis of the liver. Clinical observation emphasizes the importance of introducing modern molecular diagnostic methods into wide practice.
The role of durvalumab in the treatment of biliary tract tumors
Authors: Ledin E. V. , Stolyarov V. I.
Published: January 2024

Malignant biliary tract tumors are highly aggressive, with a 5-year survival rate in advanced disease 2–7%. During last decade therapeutic options for treatment biliary cancer were extremely limited. The unchanged standard of first-line therapy since 2010, based on ABC-02 trial, has been GemCis combination. The TOPAZ-1 phase III trial for the first time for last 12 years reported a survival benefit with the antiprogrammed death cell ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) durvalumab in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer, achieving a median survival of 12.9 months (11.6–14.1) compared to 11.3 months (10.1–12.5) in the placebo group (RR 0.76 [0.64–0.91]). The objective response rate was 26.7% in the durvaulmab group compared with 18.7% in the placebo group. Median of overall survival is highly dependent on the best antitumor response achieved, with patients in the durvalumab group with a partial/complete response having a median survival of 19.5 months (95% CI: 15.7–28.3), with stable disease 13.6 months (95% CI: 12.2–14.7), and with progression disease 5.7 months (95% CI: 3.6–8.9). This article describes the features of the tumor microenvironment and immunogenicity of cholangiocarcinomas, provides studies of the early phases of immunotherapy with durvalumab and tremelimumabm, and provides a detailed analysis of the key study TOPAZ-1. In addition, we describe a clinical case that demonstrates long-term disease of advanced cholagiocarcinoma due to impact of significant advances in the modern treatment of cholangiocarcinoma with the introduction of immunotherapy with durvalumab, targeted therapy and the use of a new technique of local radioembolization.
Long-term preservation of the effect of immunotherapy with pembrolizumab as a second line treatment for recurrent skin melanoma
Authors: Kogoniya L. M. , Markarova E. V.
Published: January 2024

Over the past two decades, the medical community around the world has been not only a witness, but an active participant in the global transformation of healthcare taking place against the backdrop of the rapid development of modern biomedical technologies. Of course, within the framework of these transformations, several quite independent directions can be distinguished. However, most of them, one way or another, can be united by the concept of “personalized medicine”, which is the subject of discussion among doctors of all specialties, which emphasizes its undoubted relevance. One of the clearest confirmations of this is the rapid growth in the number of review publications devoted to the consideration of issues of a personalized approach in medicine. Using the example of one of the most unpredictable tumors – skin melanoma – in recent years, expressive data have been obtained indicating the effectiveness of individual approaches, personalization of treatment as a result of the use of timely, gene-molecular studies. Despite the fact that in most cases melanoma is localized on the skin and, with a certain degree of oncological alertness, can be detected in the early stages, statistics indicate disappointing facts about the advanced state of the disease. Over the past 40 years, the incidence has increased by 300%. The possibilities of targeted and immunotherapy in the treatment of melanoma in patients with an advanced and unresectable stage of the disease allow long-term effective control of the disease and its symptoms.
Immunotherapeutic options for management of metastatic cervical cancer
Authors: Menshikov K. V. , Sultanbaev A. V. , Musin Sh. I. , Menshikovа I. A. , Sultanbaeva N. I. , Chashchin A. V. , Lipatov D. О. , Izmailov A. A.
Published: January 2024

Cervical cancer (CC) remains one of the common tumour diseases of women. It accounts for 9.8% of all neoplasia in women. The Food and Drug Administration approved pembrolizumab with PD-1 inhibitor antibodies for the treatment of RSM following the KEYNOTE-158 clinical trial. PD-L1/PD-1 inhibitors have shown promising results against objective response rate in female patients with CC. A clinical case of pembrolizumab treatment of a patient with metastatic CC with progression after radiotherapy and pelvic organ evisceration is described. The patient underwent IHC examination of the tumour material and was found to have PDL1 expression of more than 1% according to the 22C3 antibody assay. According to the instructions for Pembroria® it was decided to start systemic chemotherapy in the regimen of paclitaxel 175 mg/m2, carboplatin AUC5 and pembrolizumab at a dose of 200 mg every three weeks. After the third course, a control MRI study was performed. A partial response according to iRECIST criteria was confirmed. After the sixth course of therapy cytostatics were cancelled, the patient continued monotherapy with pembrolizumab 200 mg once every three weeks. At the control MRI after 10 months of therapy, the tumour conglomerate in the right hindbrain fossa was not detected and a complete response was confirmed. In the given observation anti-PD1 therapy and metastatic CC allowed to achieve complete remission of the disease. Thus, the clinical observation demonstrates the efficacy of pembrolizumab therapy in patients with advanced CC.
Adjuvant oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy comparing observation alone after radical resection of metachronous metastases of colorectal cancer: interim analysis
Authors: Evdokimova S. F. , Bolotina L. V. , Kornietskaya A. L. , Sidorov D. V. , Kaprin A. D.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Despite the registered standard treatment option for patients who underwent radical resection for metachronous metastases of colorectal cancer (CRC), the feasibility of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) for all patients seems controversial. Due to studies demonstrating improved disease-free survival rates with postoperative chemotherapy vs observation, it would seem that there is reasonable expectation of improved overall survival (OS) rates, which, however, were not statistically different between groups. This article presents the interim results of our own study.

Aim. To analyse the efficacy of ACT vs dynamic observation in patients who underwent surgery for metachronous metastases of colorectal cancer.

Materials and methods. It was a prospective-retrospective, non-randomized, non-inferiority study. A total of 120 patients were recruited between June 2008 and September 2022. The ACT group included 71 patients. All patients received only oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy regimens; the dynamic observation group included 49 patients.

Results. The interim analysis showed that the median disease-free survival (mDFS) in the ACT group (n = 71) was 20.9 months (13.7–28.3) vs 24.4 months in the dynamic observation group (n = 49) (11.1–37.7), HR: 0.76 (95% CI: 0.45–1.29), p = 0.29. Two-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 46.6% in the post-surgery chemotherapy (CT) group (n = 50) and 55.5% in the experimental group (n = 31), HR: 0.69 (95% CI: 0.39–1.2), p = 0.21.

Conclusion. ACT has not improved the long-term treatment outcomes in patients who underwent radical resection for metachronous metastases of CRC.
Efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with metastatic melanoma
Authors: Lyadova M. A. , Fedorinov D. S. , Nosova M. V. , Tuleiko V. M. , Orlova A. S. , Vozniuk D. A. , Lyadov K. V. , Galkin V. N.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer caused by the transformation of melanocytes into malignant cells. Currently, immunotherapy is one of the most promising treatment methods, but searching the most optimal treatment regimens is still ongoing.

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with metastatic melanoma.

Materials and methods. The study included 229 patients (114 men and 115 women) aged 21 to 91 years who received (ICIs) as nivolumab (n = 168; 73,4%) and pembrolizumab (n = 30; 13,1%) monotherapy, and combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab (n = 31; 13,5%). The objective response of the tumor to treatment was recorded in the presence of partial or complete regression of the tumor. The tumor response to treatment was determined in accordance with the iRECIST criteria.

Results. Complete regression was observed in 16.7, 15.9 and 8,7% of patients, partial – in 11.1, 11.4 and 17.4%, stabilization was detected in 51.2, 50.0 and 34.8% and progression – in 21.0, 22.7 and 39.1% of patients with first, second and third and more-line setting, respectively. The median response time was 3.14, 5.18 and 3.63 months, the median response duration was 16.21, 8.96 and 30.15 months in first, second and third and more-line setting, respectively. Grade 3–4 immuno-related adverse events (irAEs) were observed in 8 (3.5%) patients.

Conclusions. Immunotherapy of metastatic melanoma allows achieving high rates of objective response and disease control (27.5 and 76.9%, respectively). This method of treatment is characterized by an insignificant amount of grade 3–4 irAEs (3.5% according to our data), which indicates an acceptable safety profile.
Studying the effect of high-protein nutritional support on postoperative outcomes and during adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with primary gastric cancer
Authors: Khagazheeva M. N. , Snegovoy A. V. , Kelemetov A. M. , Tatyanin V. O. , Starostin N. M.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Malnutrition of cancer patients is a big problem today. This is especially evident in patients with tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, where the frequency of this condition reaches high values. Malnutrition has a direct negative impact on the tolerability of treatment, long-term results and quality of life of this category of patients, so it is important to identify this condition and, if possible, correct it.

Aim. To evaluate the effect of protein nutritional support on blood counts, prolongation of intervals between chemotherapy courses, postoperative complications, progression-free life expectancy and OS in patients with gastric cancer after surgical treatment and during adjuvant chemotherapy.

Materials and methods. The study included 106 patients with gastric cancer who received surgical treatment followed by postoperative chemotherapy according to the XELOX regimen. The patients were divided into 2 groups: in the first group, patients received additional protein nutrition (Nutridrink Compact Protein) both before and after surgical treatment, and during chemotherapy; in the second group, patients did not receive nutritional support – the control group.

Results. Median levels of leukocytes, neutrophils and platelets during treatment were higher in group 1. Surgical complications in the group with nutritional support occurred significantly less frequently than in the control group, the same applies to complications after chemotherapy. During treatment, lengthening of the intervals between courses occurred statistically significantly more often in group 2 (without protein nutrition). 4-year overall survival was statistically higher in the protein diet group. The median PFS in patients from the first group was higher and amounted to 55.6 months, in the second group – 46.7 months.

Conclusion. The presence of additional protein nutrition is an independent factor in the prognosis of the disease, since it significantly increases both relapse-free and overall survival of patients.