bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Punitive damages for breach of contract
Authors: Hickey Samuel J
Published: October 2017

In the recent decision of PH Hydraulics & Engineering Pte Ltd v Airtrust (Hong Kong) Ltd [2017] SCGA 26, the Singapore Court of Appeal considered whether punitive damages could be awarded for breach of contract. In doing so, the Court was tasked with choosing between Canadian jurisprudence, which permits punitive damages in contract cases, and English jurisprudence, which forbids them. The Court ultimately decided against making an award of punitive damages and followed the reasoning of earlier English courts. However, Leong JA, who wrote the leading judgment, refused to rule out the prospect of allowing an award of punitive damages in the future. In this respect, it seems that Singaporean courts are more amenable than their English counterparts towards punishment in the private law.
Engaging the primary care community to encourage appropriate prostate cancer screening
Authors: Patel Malhar P. , Schulman Ariel , Shah Kevin P. , Anderson John B. , Polascik Thomas J.
Published: October 2017

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening for prostate cancer remains a controversial topic, particularly in the primary care community. Our multidisciplinary prostate screening panel at Duke University Health System, USA created a nuanced PSA screening algorithm, implemented it into the Electronic Health Record of Duke Primary Care, and conducted outreach meetings with primary care practices to support its rollout. Through this project, we identified areas of concern among primary care clinicians regarding PSA screening that we structured into two major categories: ideological opposition and logistical opposition. We outlined specific concerns in each major category and described how our team responded to those concerns. As communication between primary care clinicians and prostate specialists is vital to the success and safety of PSA screening programs, we hope that describing primary care concerns and our responses to them will help other health systems thoughtfully and efficiently implement appropriate PSA screening programs moving forward.
Animals Do Not Induce or Reduce Attentional Blinking, But They Are Reported More Accurately in a Rapid Serial Visual Presentation Task
Authors: Hagen Thomas , Laeng Bruno
Published: October 2017

Evolutionary psychologists have suggested that modern humans have evolved to automatically direct their attention toward animal stimuli. Although this suggestion has found support in several attentional paradigms, it is not without controversy. Recently, a study employing methods customary to studying the attentional blink has shown inconclusive support for the prioritization of animals in attention. This showed an advantage for reporting animals as second targets within the typical window of the attentional blink, but it remained unclear whether this advantage was really due to a reduction of the attentional blink. We reassessed for the presence of a reduced attentional blink for animals compared with artifacts by using three disparate stimuli sets. A general advantage for animals was found but no indication of a reduction of the attentional blink for animals. There was no support for the prediction that animal distractors should lead to spontaneous inductions of attentional blinks when presented as critical distractors before single targets. Another experiment with single targets still showed that animals were reported more accurately than artifacts. A final experiment showed that when animals were first target, they did not generate stronger attentional blinks. In summary, we did find a general advantage for animal images in the rapid serial visual presentation task, but animal images did not either induce or reduce attentional blinks. This set of results is in line with conclusions from previous research showing no evidence for a special role of animals in attention.
An assessment of implementation and evaluation phases of strategic plans in Iranian hospitals
Authors: Sadeghifar Jamil , Tofighi Shahram , Roshani Mohamad , Toulideh Zahra , Mohsenpour Seyedramezan , Jafari Mehdi
Published: October 2017

Objectives:

To assess the implementation and evaluation phases of strategic plans in selected hospitals.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional study of implementation and evaluation of strategic plan in 24 hospitals in 2015, using a questionnaire which consisted of two separate sections for strategic implementation and strategic evaluation. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 18.

Results:

Nearly one-third of hospitals claimed that they allocate their budget based on priorities and strategic goals. However, it turned out that although goals had been set, no formal announcements had been made. Most of the hospitals stated that they used measures when evaluating the plan. For hospital staff, clarifying the hospital’s priorities was the most important advantage of a strategic plan.

Conclusion:

There is no clear definition for strategic management in Iranian hospitals, which results in chaotic implementation and control of strategic planning.
The life cycles of six multi-center adaptive clinical trials focused on neurological emergencies developed for the Advancing Regulatory Science initiative of the National Institutes of Health and US Food and Drug Administration: Case studies from the Adaptive Designs Accelerating Promising Treatments Into Trials Project
Authors: Guetterman Timothy C , Fetters Michael D , Mawocha Samkeliso , Legocki Laurie J , Barsan William G , Lewis Roger J , Berry Donald A , Meurer William J
Published: October 2017

Objectives:

Clinical trials are complicated, expensive, time-consuming, and frequently do not lead to discoveries that improve the health of patients with disease. Adaptive clinical trials have emerged as a methodology to provide more flexibility in design elements to better answer scientific questions regarding whether new treatments are efficacious. Limited observational data exist that describe the complex process of designing adaptive clinical trials. To address these issues, the Adaptive Designs Accelerating Promising Treatments Into Trials project developed six, tailored, flexible, adaptive, phase-III clinical trials for neurological emergencies, and investigators prospectively monitored and observed the processes. The objective of this work is to describe the adaptive design development process, the final design, and the current status of the adaptive trial designs that were developed.

Methods:

To observe and reflect upon the trial development process, we employed a rich, mixed methods evaluation that combined quantitative data from visual analog scale to assess attitudes about adaptive trials, along with in-depth qualitative data about the development process gathered from observations.

Results:

The Adaptive Designs Accelerating Promising Treatments Into Trials team developed six adaptive clinical trial designs. Across the six designs, 53 attitude surveys were completed at baseline and after the trial planning process completed. Compared to baseline, the participants believed significantly more strongly that the adaptive designs would be accepted by National Institutes of Health review panels and non-researcher clinicians. In addition, after the trial planning process, the participants more strongly believed that the adaptive design would meet the scientific and medical goals of the studies.

Conclusion:

Introducing the adaptive design at early conceptualization proved critical to successful adoption and implementation of that trial. Involving key stakeholders from several scientific domains early in the process appears to be associated with improved attitudes towards adaptive designs over the life cycle of clinical trial development.
The Political Economy of Economic Conservatism in India: From Moral Economy to Pro-business Nationalism
Authors: Naseemullah Adnan
Published: October 2017

Economic conservatism in India today is associated with the BJP’s embrace of markets and competition. This article argues that conservatism within the nationalist movement was founded on rejecting both the market and the planned economy, embracing instead ‘moral economy’ principles of economic life guided by social norms, and development founded on small-scale craft production. After independence, conservative nationalists, while acknowledging the need to enhance state power through industrial growth, protected the moral economies of craft-based and agrarian production. But as the Congress party fractured, farmers’ movements asserted interests in market-based agricultural transformation and liberalization shifted the issue space of economic debate, new pro-business conservatives presented a new vision based on enhancing national wealth and strength through capitalist enterprise.
Anatomic Study of Subcoracoid Morphology in 418 Shoulders: Potential Implications for Subcoracoid Impingement
Authors: Dugarte Anthony J. , Davis Rocklend J. , Lynch T. Sean , Schickendantz Mark S. , Farrow Lutul D.
Published: October 2017

Background:

Subcoracoid impingement has been implicated as a cause of anterior shoulder pain and subscapularis tendon tears.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bony anatomy of the coracoid process and the subcoracoid space. We hypothesized that age-related changes that may contribute to subcoracoid impingement occur in the subcoracoid space.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

In total, 418 skeletal shoulder specimens were included in this study. We utilized 214 shoulders from a young cohort (25-35 years of age) and 204 shoulders from an older cohort (>55 years of age) for comparison. We evaluated several morphological characteristics of the coracoid process and the subcoracoid space: coracoid width, coracoid shape, coracoid thickness, and subcoracoid distance. Each coracoid was observed for the presence of spurring or other morphological changes.

Results:

The mean anteroposterior (AP) thickness of the coracoid tip was 7.9 and 9.4 mm in our young female and male cohorts, respectively, while the mean AP thickness was 8.1 and 9.7 mm in our older female and male cohorts, respectively. The coracoid tip was hooked in 31 of 108 young female shoulders compared with 55 of 102 older female shoulders, and the coracoid tip was hooked in 25 of 106 young male shoulders compared with 45 of 102 older male shoulders. The mean subcoracoid distance in neutral rotation was 14.8 and 12.5 mm in young and older female shoulders, respectively, while the mean subcoracoid distance in internal rotation in these same cohorts was 8.7 and 7.0 mm, respectively. The mean subcoracoid distance in neutral rotation was 14.8 and 13.3 mm in young and older male shoulders, respectively, while the mean subcoracoid distance in internal rotation was 8.6 and 8.1 mm in young and older male shoulders, respectively.

Conclusion:

The principal findings of our study demonstrate that anatomic changes implicated in subcoracoid impingement may be developmental and worsen with age. The subcoracoid space was narrower in our older cohort of shoulders. Additionally, these older shoulders also had a greater AP width and a more hooked coracoid compared with young shoulders.

Clinical Relevance:

Narrowing of the subcoracoid space has been shown to be implicated as a cause of anterior shoulder pain and subscapularis tendon tears. This is the first study to show that the morphological changes implicated in subcoracoid impingement become more prevalent with age. This may help to explain the increasing prevalence of subscapularis tendon tears in older patients. Furthermore, subcoracoid decompression may be seen as an option for older patients with anterior shoulder pain and subscapularis tendon tears.
Simulation of KTP Laser–Based Zenker Diverticulotomy with a Porcine Model and Laryngeal Dissection Station
Authors: Hoffman Matthew R. , Kletzien Heidi , Dailey Seth H. , McMurray J. Scott
Published: October 2017

Zenker’s diverticulum is a rare cause of progressive dysphagia that is treated surgically. Potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser–based diverticulotomy is one effective treatment. Developing a simulation model is helpful for rare conditions. Pigs have a natural hypopharyngeal pouch similar to a diverticulum. We present a model for performing rigid endoscopic KTP laser diverticulotomy in a porcine model with a laryngeal dissection station. Eleven pigs were examined to confirm presence of the hypopharyngeal pouch. A specimen was mounted on the modified laryngeal dissection station, and a KTP laser–based diverticulotomy was performed. Novel aspects include use of the laryngeal dissection station and application of the model for simulating rigid endoscopic KTP laser diverticulotomy. This model allows trainees to practice equipment setup, positioning of the laryngoscope to isolate the cricopharyngeal bar, tissue handling, laser safety techniques, and use of the KTP laser through the laryngoscope under microscopic visualization.
Relationship of Echocardiography and Carotid Doppler With Macular Parameters in Retinal Vein Occlusions: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Madanagopalan V. G. , Singh Bibha
Published: October 2017

Aim:

To find the relationship of cardiac dimensions and valvular flow rates in echocardiography and carotid parameters in Doppler imaging with macular variables in retinal vein occlusions (RVOs) and to identify macular parameters in RVO that may predict cardiovascular morbidity.

Methods:

A retrospective observational study was done with 17 patients with central RVO (CRVO) and 13 patients with branch RVO (BRVO). Best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography parameters such as central macular volume (CMV) and total macular volume (TMV) were noted. Details of echocardiography and carotid Doppler were retrieved. Relationship of BCVA, CMV, and TMV with cardiac dimensions and valvular flow rates and carotid flow velocities was analyzed.

Results:

Correlation showed significant association between BCVA and ipsilateral internal carotid (IC) to common carotid (CC) peak systolic velocity (PSV) ratio in eyes with CRVO and BRVO ( r = .50, P = .04, and r = .64, P = .02, respectively). Significant association of TMV and left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVs) was seen in CRVO ( r = .69, P = .002). Association was also noted between higher IC PSV and poor BCVA, higher IC to CC PSV ratio to poor BCVA, and larger LVs with higher TMV ( P < .03 for all). In patients with BRVO, association was noted between higher IC to CC PSV ratio to poor BCVA, lesser ejection fraction (EF) with poor BCVA, and lesser EF with higher CMV ( P < .03 for all).

Conclusions:

In our study eyes with RVO, decreased BCVA was related to carotid narrowing. Decreased BCVA in BRVO was also related to decreased EF. Consistently larger macular volumes in our study eyes with RVO were related to suboptimal cardiac function identified by larger end systolic diameters and lesser EF. Our pilot study has thus showed that a quantitative relationship exists between macular parameters and cardiovascular variables in RVO.
Association Between HIV Infection and Cancer Stage at Presentation at the Uganda Cancer Institute
Authors: Menon Manoj P. , Coghill Anna , Mutyaba Innocent O. , Phipps Warren T. , Okuku Fred M. , Harlan John M. , Orem Jackson , Casper Corey
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The HIV epidemic has contributed to the increasing incidence of cancer in sub-Saharan Africa, where most patients with cancer present at an advanced stage. However, improved access to HIV care and treatment centers in sub-Saharan Africa may facilitate earlier diagnosis of cancer among patients who are HIV positive. To test this hypothesis, we characterized the stage of cancer and evaluated the factors associated with advanced stage at presentation among patients in Uganda.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of adult patients with any of four specific cancers who presented for care in Kampala, Uganda, between 2003 and 2010. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were abstracted from the medical record, together with the outcome measure of advanced stage of disease (clinical stage III or IV). We identified measures for inclusion in a multivariate logistic regression model.

Results

We analyzed 731 patients with both AIDS-defining cancers (cervical [43.1%], and non-Hodgkin lymphoma [18.3%]), and non–AIDS-defining cancers (breast [30.0%] and Hodgkin lymphoma [8.6%]). Nearly 80% of all patients presented at an advanced stage and 37% had HIV infection. More than 90% of patients were symptomatic and the median duration of symptoms before presentation was 5 months. In the multivariate model, HIV-positive patients were less likely to present at an advanced stage as were patients with higher hemoglobin and fewer symptoms.

Conclusion

Patients with limited access to primary care may present with advanced cancer because of a delay in diagnosis. However, patients with HIV now have better access to clinical care. Use of this growing infrastructure to increase cancer screening and referral is promising and deserves continued support, because the prognosis of HIV-positive patients with advanced cancer is characterized by poor survival globally.
Strategic Shifts in Discourse by the AKP in Turkey, 2002–2015
Authors: Shukri Syaza Farhana Mohamad , Hossain Ishtiaq
Published: October 2017

Turkey's Justice and Development Party (AKP) has been accused of Islamizing society through its family-centered policies that overlap with discourses originating from the Islamic faith. At the same time, the AKP government has maintained that it abides by Turkish laicism. This essay identifies and analyzes the extent to which the AKP's discourse and rhetoric have changed over the years to discover whether the party truly has a hidden agenda or if the shifts serve as strategies to win votes. The essay highlights how the observed changes are related to the perceived strengths of the party, with Islamic rhetoric rising and falling with the support the party receives. The results suggest that the AKP cannot be seen as a party that had always intended to turn Turkey into a religious country. The strategies undertaken by the party since early in the twenty-first century show that the shifts in discourse were meant to manage the support of conservative Turks rather than to challenge the secular establishment.
US-Iran Relations under the Trump Administration
Authors: Bahgat Gawdat
Published: October 2017

This essay examines the relations between the United States and Iran under the Donald Trump Administration. It finds that, rhetoric aside, less tense and less confrontational ties between these nations may be possible. A key reason for this possibility is that the Republic of Iran enjoys tremendous economic and strategic assets of potential interest to the United States. The essay also examines the fast-growing relations between Tehran and Asian and European powers.
Democratization and the Arab Spring: A Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Gaffar Abdul
Published: October 2017

Democratization in a broad sense is a continuous process of sensitization and practice of given, rationalized, normative conditions to regulate relations among the state, society, and individuals. This may entail inculcation of ideas, values, and practices so that society and relationships are based on ideas of justice and equity. The recent phenomenon of democratization in the Middle East sheds interesting light on the process of democratization. Learning what factors triggered these processes is pertinent to understanding the nature and scope of an unfolding process. It is prudent to note that the ongoing democratization in this region is transitional and tentative at best, and there is a looming threat that the old power structure will superimpose itself again. There is a need to understand concepts of democracy from African, Arabic, and Indian contributions. This essay argues for the necessity for further research on the Arabic conception of state-society relations. This approach may unravel whether the social foundations in the region are conducive for democracy and shed light on the nature of traditional authority that has commanded loyalty from people over many centuries.
Information and communication technologies in education
Authors: Брыксина Ольга , Bryksina Ol'ga , Пономарева Елена , Ponomareva Elena , Сонина Мария , Sonina Mariya
Published: October 2017

This book is aligned with “Pedagogical Education” and “Psychological and pedagogical education” bachelor programs of the requirements of Federal state educational standards for higher education. The book aims to help creating competences in informational and communicational technologies for future school teachers, professional skills in designing and organizing the educational process, after-hour and cultural and educational activities based on innovative educational models using informational and communicational technologies according to the requirements of Federal state educational standards for public education. The book could be useful to master degree and refresher training students, seasoned teachers.
Against Medical Advice Discharges
Authors: Alfandre David , Brenner Jay , Onukwugha Eberechukwu
Published: October 2017

The “Things We Do for No Reason” (TWDFNR) series reviews practices which have become common parts of hospital care but which may provide little value to our patients. Practices reviewed in the TWDFNR series do not represent “black and white” conclusions or clinical practice standards, but are meant as a starting place for research and active discussions among hospitalists and patients. We invite you to be part of that discussion.
Outpatient Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis in the United States: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study
Authors: Douce Daniel , McClure Leslie A. , Lutsey Pamela , Cushman Mary , Zakai Neil A.
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

Outpatient versus inpatient treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is believed to result in equivalent outcomes with decreased costs. Little is known about the adoption of outpatient DVT treatment in the United States.

OBJECTIVE

To describe the uptake of outpatient DVT treatment in the United States and understand how comorbidities and socioeconomic conditions impact the decision to treat as an outpatient.

DESIGN AND SETTING

The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke cohort study recruited 30,329 participants between 2003 and 2007. DVT events were ascertained through 2011.

MEASUREMENTS

Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the correlates of outpatient treatment of DVT accounting for age, sex, race, education, income, urban or rural residence, and region of residence.

RESULTS

Of 379 venous thromboembolism events, 141 participants had a DVT without diagnosed pulmonary embolism and that did not occur during hospitalization. Overall, 28% (39 of 141) of participants with DVT were treated as outpatients. In a multivariable model, the odds ratio for outpatient versus inpatient DVT treatment was 4.16 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25‐13.79) for urban versus rural dwellers, 3.29 (95% CI, 1.30‐8.30) for white versus black patients, 2.41 (95% CI, 1.06‐5.47) for women versus men, and 1.90 (95% CI, 1.19‐3.02) for every 10 years younger in age. Living outside the southeastern United States and having higher education and income were not statistically significantly associated with outpatient treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite known safety and efficacy, only 28% of participants with DVT received outpatient treatment. This study highlights populations in which efforts could be made to reduce hospital admissions.
An Opportunity to Improve Medicare's Planned Readmissions Measure
Authors: Ellimoottil Chad , Jr. Roger K. Khouri , Dhir Apoorv , Hou Hechuan , Miller David C. , Dupree James M.
Published: October 2017

In the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (HRRP), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) utilizes a planned/unplanned algorithm to prevent hospitals from being penalized for scheduled rehospitalizations. We evaluated version 3.0 of the CMS planned readmission algorithm and hypothesized that some readmissions categorized as planned by the HRRP algorithm may actually be unplanned. We identified 143,054 index admissions and 16,116 thirty‐day readmissions for 131 hospitals. Only 1252 readmissions were considered planned according to Medicare's readmission algorithm. The majority of these planned readmissions (723 [57.8%]) had an “emergent” or “urgent” admission type listed on the readmission claim, and many (513 [41.0%]) had emergency department charges, suggesting unanticipated returns to the hospital. HRRP should consider using the admission type variable and/or the presence of emergency department charges as a source of information when determining whether a readmission is planned or unplanned.
Anatomy and physiology, 3. The blood
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: October 2017

Although the primary function of blood is to deliver oxygen and nutrients to—and remove waste from—body cells, the blood also performs a number of other functions. The specific functions of blood include defence against disease and distribution of heat, as well as maintenance of homeostasis. This article provides an overview of this life-saving fluid. It emphasises the need for the healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) to develop an understanding of blood and its various functions in illness and health. Understanding the function of blood can help the HCA and AP to offer people care that is safe, effective and informed.

The article considers the components of blood. The various functions of blood, including its role in transportation, regulation and protection, are described. The article offers a glossary of terms that can help the HCA and AP in understanding some of the terms that have been used. A short quiz is provided to help reinforce the learning.
‘Someone cares if I'm not there’: addressing loneliness in disabled people
Authors: Cox Jo
Published: October 2017

A report by disability charity Sense for the Jo Cox Commission on Loneliness
Oncometabolites: A New Paradigm for Oncology, Metabolism, and the Clinical Laboratory
Authors: Collins Rebecca R J , Patel Khushbu , Putnam William C , Kapur Payal , Rakheja Dinesh
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

Pediatric clinical laboratories commonly measure tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates for screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of specific inborn errors of metabolism, such as organic acidurias. In the past decade, the same tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites have been implicated and studied in cancer. The accumulation of these metabolites in certain cancers not only serves as a biomarker but also directly contributes to cellular transformation, therefore earning them the designation of oncometabolites.

CONTENT

D-2-hydroxyglutarate, L-2-hydroxyglutarate, succinate, and fumarate are the currently recognized oncometabolites. They are structurally similar and share metabolic proximity in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. As a result, they promote tumorigenesis in cancer cells through similar mechanisms. This review summarizes the currently understood common and distinct biological features of these compounds. In addition, we will review the current laboratory methodologies that can be used to quantify these metabolites and their downstream targets.

Oncometabolites play an important role in cancer biology. The metabolic pathways that lead to the production of oncometabolites and the downstream signaling pathways that are activated by oncometabolites represent potential therapeutic targets. Clinical laboratories have a critical role to play in the management of oncometabolite-associated cancers through development and validation of sensitive and specific assays that measure oncometabolites and their downstream effectors. These assays can be used as screening tools and for follow-up to measure response to treatment, as well as to detect minimal residual disease and recurrence.
MATLAB-based Tools for Modelling and Control of Underactuated Mechanical Systems
Authors: Jadlovská Slávka , Koska Lukáš , Kentoš Matej
Published: October 2017

Underactuated systems, defined as nonlinear mechanical systems with fewer control inputs than degrees of freedom, appear in a broad range of applications including robotics, aerospace, marine and locomotive systems. Studying the complex low-order nonlinear dynamics of appropriate benchmark underactuated systems often enables us to gain insight into the principles of modelling and control of advanced, higher-order underactuated systems. Such benchmarks include the Acrobot, Pendubot and the reaction (inertia) wheel pendulum. The aim of this paper is to introduce novel MATLAB-based tools which were developed to provide complex software support for modelling and control of these three benchmark systems. The presented tools include a Simulink block library, a set of demo simulation schemes and several innovative functions for mathematical and simulation model generation.
Loi, nationalité et mariages mixtes entre Français et autochtones : Le cas de l’arrêt du Conseil supérieur de la Louisiane du 18 décembre 1728
Authors: De Sainte-Marie Alice Bairoch
Published: October 2017

Did Native people have the same rights as French people in the colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? They did, according to a law enacted in all the colonies. Indeed, once converted, aboriginal people could go and live in France, get married to French people, and inherit their wealth. However, the implementation of this law, which was specific to the French colonies, posed some problems. Marriages between French settlers and aboriginal women constituted a non-negligible loss of income for the colony. The law allowed an aboriginal widow to inherit the goods and wealth of her deceased husband. In these cases, the French judges, among other members of Louisiana’s Conseil superieur, were faced with the dilemma of either upholding the missionary vocation of the French colonies of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries-a vocation used to justify the colonization of the New World-or preventing the loss of part of the colony’s wealth.
The Legacy of New France : Law and Social Cohesion between Quebec and the Illinois Country, 1763–1790
Authors: Englebert Robert
Published: October 2017

En 1763, le traité de Paris a mis fin à la guerre de Sept Ans. Ce traité amena des changements géopolitiques profonds car il transféra les colonies du vaste empire français d’Amérique septentrionale aux Anglais, aux Espagnols et, plus tard, aux Américains. Dans les années qui suivirent la fin du conflit, l’incertitude politique provoqua d’ailleurs beaucoup d’inquiétude parmi les créoles français de l’intérieur du continent, surtout concernant la préservation de leurs droits de propriétés et de leurs droits civils. Les créoles français adressèrent donc de nombreuses pétitions pour s’assurer de la reconnaissance de leurs droits comme sujets et citoyens. Il reste toutefois à mieux comprendre comment les anciennes lois françaises furent préservées, voire renforcées, sous les nouveaux régimes impériaux. Cet article examine comment les créoles français ont utilisé la loi de l’Ancien régime (la coutume de paris) et, en particulier, la procuration, pour gérer leurs successions familiales entre le pays des Illinois et le Canada après la guerre de Sept Ans. Il démontre qu’en faisant appel à cette loi pour préserver leurs propriétés familiales, les créoles français ont réussi à maintenir une cohésion sociale en Amérique française, cohésion qui s’étendait bien au-delà des nouvelles frontières coloniales.
The Real “Maid of Saint Phillippe”: Kate Chopin’s French Colonial Heritage
Authors: Stepenoff Bonnie
Published: October 2017

Prèsqu’un siècle après sa mort, Marianne Verdon Richelet est devenue le modèle pour un personnage dans l’histoire courte de Kate Chopin, «The Maid of Saint Philippe », située dans un village français du XVIIIe siècle dans la vallée du Mississippi. Comme son homologue fictif, Marianne était une femme forte et indépendante, mais les événements réels de sa vie ont différé nettement de ceux de l’histoire. Née en France, elle a émigré en Amérique avec ses parents, s’est mariée dans son adolescence et est devenue une jeune veuve. Dans les années 1770, elle s’est installée à Saint Louis avec son deuxième mari, Joseph Verdon. Lorsque le mariage s’est avéré malheureux, elle a défié la convention et a obtenu une séparation juridique avec un contrat qui lui a donné le contrôle de la propriété substantielle et la garde de ses enfants. Vivante comme une femme seule, avec l’aide d’éminents voisins, elle a exploité une entreprise commerciale fructueuse, l’opération des bateaux sur le fleuve. Elle est également devenue la matriarche d’une longue lignée de femmes formidables, y compris sa fille Victoire, qui ont partagé des histoires de Saint Louis avec une arrière-petite-fille nommé Kate. Chopin a romancé les expériences de son ancêtre féminin, soulignant son désir de liberté. Cet article s’appuie sur des sources primaires, y compris les actes de mariage, de biens d’immobilier, et les dossiers du tribunal, pour un aperçu dans la vie d’une femme extraordinaire. Une étude approfondie de ces documents dans le cadre de recherches antérieures sur l’identité sexuelle dans les établissements français par Susan Boyle et d’autres, fait une lumière nouvelle sur la vie sociale, économique et juridique des femmes coloniales françaises en Amérique du Nord.
Phytotherapy: Herbal medicine in the management of Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Bansode Twinkle Sunder , Salalkar B K
Published: October 2017

Despite considerable progress in the treatment of the diabetes with synthetic drugs, the search for effective, safe and inexpensive drugs is ongoing from herbs, since they offer a wide range of antidiabetic agents. Antidiabetic studies using in silico, in vitro and in vivo aspect of different medicinal plant products (Trigonella foenum-graecum, seeds; Syzygium cumini, seeds; Salvadora persica, leaves and Terminalia chebula, seeds) were reviewed. The objective of the study was to compare these medicinal plants for their hypoglycemic effect and phytochemical composition in order to find out most feasible and efficient antidiabetic agent. In this regard, the article is going to look at the phytochemical profile and the antihyperglycaemic properties and toxicity studies of the various fractions isolated from these plants. Studies claimed that all crude as well as partially purified fractions showed an antidiabetic effect hence are potent antidiabetic agents, but maximum effect observed in case of fraction isolated from Syzygium cumini and Salvadora persica.
The gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys lorentzii and Mammelomys spp. (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of a new genus and three new species (Heligmonellidae) from Papua New Guinea and Indonesia
Authors: Smales Lesley R.
Published: October 2017

Unidentified cestodes and 14 species of nematode and larvae that could not be placed to family level, were collected from the digestive tracts of 27 individuals of
Varroa destructor induces changes in the expression of immunity-related genes during the development of Apis mellifera worker and drone broods
Authors: Zaobidna Ewa A. , Żółtowska Krystyna , Łopieńska-Biernat Elżbieta
Published: October 2017

The ectoparasitic mite
Genotyping of Acanthamoeba spp. from water sources from Northwestern Iran
Authors: Haniloo Ali , Pezeshki Ali , Mahmmodzadeh Abbas , Kadkhodamohammadi Elnaz
Published: October 2017

spp. are free-living amoebae which are ubiquitously distributed worldwide and can be found in the wide range of environments, particularly in various types of water sources, where they able to cause important health problems. In the present study, cultures containing
Gastrointestinal nematodes infections and anthelmintic resistance in grazing sheep in the Eastern Inner Mongolia in China
Authors: Han Tianlong , Wang Min , Zhang Guanghe , Han Dongsheng , Li Xinwei , Liu Guowen , Li Xiaobing , Wang Zhe
Published: October 2017

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are a crucial restraint to grazing sheep production worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the infections and anthelmintic resistance (AR) of GIN in pasture-based sheep in the Eastern Inner Mongolia, China. GIN eggs were tested from 600 grazing sheep feces of 10 farms using saturated saline flotation method and McMaster’s method. The egg hatch test (EHT) and the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) were used to evaluate resistance of GIN to anthelmintics. We found that the average infection rate was 79.2% (range: 45%-100%). The grand mean faecal egg count (FEC) was 1813.2 eggs per gram (EPG) (range: 0-32400 EPG). There were significant differences in GIN infection among different breeds of sheep. The sequence of infection intensity and infection rate were Small fat tail > Ujimqin > Ju Ud (
A new species of Spauligodon (Nematoda; Oxyuroidea; Pharyngodonidae) and other Nematodes in Cyrtodactylus epiroticus (Squamata; Gekkonidae) from Papua New Guinea
Authors: Bursey Charles R. , Goldberg Stephen R. , Kraus Fred
Published: October 2017

sp. nov. from the large intestines of
Further study on Physaloptera clausa Rudolphi, 1819 (Spirurida: Physalopteridae) from the Amur hedgehog Erinaceus amurensis Schrenk (Eulipotyphla: Erinaceidae)
Authors: Chen Hui-Xia , Ju Hui-Dong , Li Yang , Li Liang
Published: October 2017

In the present study, light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to further study the detailed morphology of
Influence of polymer fibers on rheological properties of cement mortars
Authors: Malaszkiewicz Dorota
Published: October 2017

The reinforcing effect of fibers in cement composites often results in the improvement of the brittle nature of cementitious materials. But the decrease in the workability of fresh concrete is often the disadvantage of fibers addition. Conventional single-point workability tests cannot characterize workability of concrete in terms of fundamental rheological parameters. To this end, this paper describes an investigation of the influence of synthetic fiber additions (fiber length in the range 12–50 mm and volume fraction in the range 0–4%) on the rheological properties of fiber reinforced fresh mortar (FRFM) and development of these properties over time. The rheometer Viskomat XL was used in this study. Within the limitations of the instrument and testing procedure it is shown that FRFMs conform to the Bingham model. Natural postglacial sand 0/4 mm was used as a fine aggregate and cement CEMI 42.5 R was used as a binder. Three commercial synthetic fibers were selected for these examinations. Rheological properties were expressed in terms of Bingham model parameters g (yield value ) and h (plastic viscosity). Based on the test results it was found out that the fiber type and volume fraction affected both the yield stress and plastic viscosity.
The Paths of Small Fatigue Cracks in High-Strength Steels Initiated from Inclusions and Small Defects
Authors: Roiko A. , Solin J. , Sarikka T. , Hänninen H.
Published: October 2017

In fatigue, the early growth mechanisms, paths, and rates of the microstructurally small cracks are not well known. Growth of subsurface—undetected—cracks cannot be monitored in real time, and postfracture fractography is complicated because of the statistical nature of local microstructure. Furthermore, hammering or sliding often damages the fracture surface before the test is stopped. We addressed this challenge with two approaches. This paper deals with fractographic details connected to local microstructure obtained by milling and imaging with a focused ion beam in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results provided input such as crack growth on adjacent planes and their coalescence, as well as formation of the “optically dark areas” that play a key role in the early growth and initiation of small cracks in fatigue. A subset of data consisting of eleven 100Cr6 bearing steel specimens loaded at the same stress amplitude, with fatigue lives (Nf) in the range of 10·106 < Nf < 650·106 loading cycles are studied and discussed. The second test series revealed that very early initiation and crack arrest are typical for small notches in the 34CrNiMo6 QT steel. The relation of crack path and microstructure, along with their connection to the optically dark area, is discussed.
Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of AKI after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Swaminathan Madhav , Stafford-Smith Mark , Chertow Glenn M. , Warnock David G. , Paragamian Viken , Brenner Robert M. , Lellouche François , Fox-Robichaud Alison , Atta Mohamed G. , Melby Spencer , Mehta Ravindra L. , Wald Ron , Verma Subodh , Mazer C. David ,   for the ACT-AKI investigators
Published: October 2017

AKI after cardiac surgery remains strongly associated with mortality and lacks effective treatment or prevention. Preclinical studies suggest that cell-based interventions may influence functional recovery. We conducted a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 27 centers across North America to determine the safety and efficacy of allogeneic human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in reducing the time to recovery from AKI after cardiac surgery. We randomized 156 adult subjects undergoing cardiac surgery with evidence of early AKI to receive intra-aortic MSCs (AC607; n=67) or placebo (n=68). The primary outcome was the time to recovery of kidney function defined as return of postintervention creatinine level to baseline. The median time to recovery of kidney function was 15 days with AC607 and 12 days with placebo (25th, 75th percentile range, 10–29 versus 6–21, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.53 to 1.24; P=0.32). We did not detect a significant difference between groups in 30-day all-cause mortality (16.7% with AC607; 11.8% with placebo) or dialysis (10.6% with AC607; 7.4% with placebo). At follow-up, 12 patients who received AC607 and six patients who received placebo had died. Rates of other adverse events did not differ between groups. In these patients with AKI after cardiac surgery, administration of allogeneic MSCs did not decrease the time to recovery of kidney function. Our results contrast with those in preclinical studies and provide important information regarding the potential effects of MSCs in this setting.
Fracture Characteristics of Mélange Complex Basement in Bantimala Area, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Sapiie Benyamin , Nugraha Muhamad Aziz , Wardana Rizky Kurniawan , Rifiyanto Arif
Published: October 2017

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.4.3.121-141A detailed geological mapping and fracture characterization had been performed in Bantimala area, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The geology of the studied area is composed of pre-Tertiary metamorphic, sedimentary, and igneous rocks which tectonically mixed forming a mélange complex. Located on the southeastern margin of Sundaland, the tectonic strongly influences the fracture occurrences in the studied area. A total of 3,841 fractures comprising shear fractures, extension fractures, veins, and joints have been measured and analyzed. The common fracture orientations are NW - SE, W - E, NNE - SSW, and ENE - WSW trends. Fractures developing in Bantimala have clearly been controlled by lithology and structure position (i.e. fault zones and fold hinge). The orientation of fractures in Bantimala area is different on each lithology, showing that the fracture system was complex. Fracture intensity in schist is higher compared to the other lithologies. The 3D fracture modeling through 3D geocellular modeling was generated using the result from field data measurements and analyses. Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) was built by fifty-one fracture sets that were analyzed from field measurement data. However, the estimation of average fracture porosity from modeling varies significantly depending on lithology. The value of fracture porosity is relatively small, varied from 0.0004 to 0.0029 %. A high fracture porosity number is observed in an area with a significant fracture intensity and most crosscutting of fracture which in turn is controlled by faults and lithology. A mélange complex can have high potential as a basement fractured reservoir target, where fracture distributions and their attributes will vary depending on the lithology as well as local deformation.
Petrographic Characteristics and Depositional Environment Evolution of Middle Miocene Sediments in the Thien Ung - Mang Cau Structure of Nam Con Son Basin
Authors: Ngoc Pham Bao , Nghi Tran , Tin Nguyen Trong , Tri Tran Van , Tuyen Nguyen Thi , Dung Tran Thi , Thao Nguyen Thi Phuong
Published: October 2017

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.4.3.143-157This paper introduces the petrographic characteristics and depositional environment of Middle Miocene rocks of the Thien Ung - Mang Cau structure in the central area of Nam Con Son Basin based on the results of analyzing thin sections and structural characteristics of core samples. Middle Miocene sedimentary rocks in the studied area can be divided into three groups: (1) Group of terrigenous rocks comprising greywacke sandstone, arkosic sandstone, lithic-quartz sandstone, greywacke-lithic sandstone, oligomictic siltstone, and bitumenous claystone; (2) Group of carbonate rocks comprising dolomitic limestone and bituminous limestone; (3) Mixed group comprising calcareous sandstone, calcarinate sandstone, arenaceous limestone, calcareous claystone, calcareous silty claystone, dolomitic limestone containing silt, and bitumen. The depositional environment is expressed through petrographic characteristics and structure of the sedimentary rocks in core samples. The greywacke and arkosic sandstones are of medium grain size, poor sorting and roundness, and siliceous cement characterizing the alluvial and estuarine fan environment expressed by massive structure of core samples. The mixed calcareous limestone, arenaceous dolomitic limestone, and calcareous and bituminous clayey siltstone in the core samples are of turbulent flow structure characterizing shallow bay environment with the action of bottom currents. The dolomitic limestones are of relatively homogeneous, of microgranular and fine-granular texture, precipitated in a weakly reducing, semi-closed, and relatively calm bay environment.
Geomorphic Analysis in Determining Tectonic Activity Affected by Sumatra Fault in Liwa Region and Its Surrounding Area, Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: Yudhicara Yudhicara , Muslim Dicky , Sudradjat Adjat
Published: October 2017

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.4.3.193-208The study discusses about characteristics of Sumatra Fault and its tectonic activity in Liwa and the adjacent area. The research uses quantitative methods of verification hypothetical deduction, which starts from the general approach, then it pursues into more specialized and focused ones. While the research work includes field measurements, remote sensing with GIS, and geomorphologic analysis using morphometry, such as: sinousity of mountain front (Smf), percentage of facets, ratio of the width and height of the valley (Vf), bifurcation ratios of the river (Rb), drainage density (Dd), shape of the watershed basin area (Bs), hypsometric curves (HI), and gradient index of stream length (SL). Basically, two blocks separated by the Sumatra Fault do not have a significant difference in tectonic activity, but the tectonic activity change can be seen when the studied area is divided into three blocks (northwest, middle, and southeast), then the change in each part can clearly be seen. Apparently, the tectonic activity in the studied area starts from the southeast continues toward the northwest. It is proved by this research, that geomorphological parameters which are associated with mountain fronts and watershed systems demonstrate the value of the activity increases towards the northwest. Hypsometric curves and a river analysis show that the tectonic activity in the northwest is relatively in a young stage, while towards the southeast it is getting in a mature stage.