bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrity and Ethics in Scientific Research: What's the Problem?
Authors: Fresta Mario
Published: April 2023

It discusses what constitutes the problem of Integrity and Ethics in Scientific Research worldwide and, in particular, what challenge it poses to FUNDECIT in Angola, based on its Statute, literature and press reports. Research produces scientific knowledge which, ever since, and even more so in the modern information/global knowledge society, is the basis of the economy and development. Good practices in the application of the scientific method, integrity, ethics and deontology make it possible to permanently obtain reliable and relevant knowledge. Bad practices, on the other hand, corrupt the system by introducing potentially wrong knowledge, waste resources, and create unfair competition. Thus, all actors in science (researchers, research groups, research and development institutions, funding agencies and global organizations) must promote training and education, policies and practices that are honest and pro-ethical. FUNDECIT's Statute advocates “respecting ethical standards, with a view to protecting and ensuring integrity” and promoting training in project management. Although medicine, bioethics, the environment, and other areas have their specificities, no investigation dispenses with integrity and ethics. The Creating a Culture of Publication Integrity Together (https://publicationethics.org/) and Plagiarism (https://plagiarism.org/), the Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals websites (https://www.icmje.org/icmje -recommendations.pdf), and the BMJ Scientific Misconduct (https://www.bmj.com/abou0tbmj/ resourcesauthors/formspoliciesandchecklists/scientificmisconduct) deal with this matter. The challenge publish or perish cannot be done at the expense of integrity, ethics and truth. As Mia Couto says, “you have to show that it pays to be honest” (https://www.geledes.org.br/discurso-proferido-por-mia-couto-ao-receber-o-titulo-doutor-honoriscausa-pela-universidade-politecnica-de-maputo/).
Ethical Planning in Conducting a Research Project
Authors: Lorenzo Cláudio
Published: April 2023

Countries that still do not have a national normative document on research ethics, like most African and Latin American countries, have taken the Declaration of Helsinki as a reference for ethical guidance to researchers and members of ethics committees. However, the literature has shown that the latest revisions of this declaration have tended to favor the interests of central countries and their industries, mainly through the more flexible acceptance of greater risks and smaller benefits. Even when there are norms adequate to the reality of each country, the ethical planning of a research goes far beyond the simple bureaucratic fulfillment of the norms that guide the presentation of a protocol and a consent term to a research ethics committee. It presupposes an in-depth reflection on the methodological procedures themselves that will involve the participants and on the ways in which they interact with the socioeconomic and cultural contexts of these participants' daily lives. In developing countries, consideration of social vulnerability, especially with regard to poverty and low levels of education, is a central element in this planning. I intend to discuss this planning taking the three classic axes of research subject protection: obtaining consent, minimizing risks and maximizing benefits in their relationship with contexts of social vulnerability in three modalities of health research: those that handle information from identifiable subjects, such as clinical protocols; those using interviews and questionnaires; and clinical trials for new drugs.
Developing Comic Strips in Teaching Vocabulary for EFL Students
Authors: Aquariza Novi Rahmania , Susanto Rudi Umar
Published: April 2023

There are various ways that can be taken to improve the vocabulary of EFL students. The use of media, as well as teaching methods. This research focuses on developing Comic Strips as a supporting medium for vocabulary teaching. Based on the sections from Comic Strips, students can choose what vocabulary they want to use to complete the available bubbles so that they form sentences and in the end a coherent story. Lecturers can also use Comic Strips to facilitate students in developing ideas in their writings by asking some stimulating questions. In line with the usefulness of Comic Strips to improve the vocabulary of EFL students, the researchers developed comic strip media with certain themes to be used in vocabulary courses for 7 meetings. The researcher believes that the development of Comic Strips media can be effective because it can make students enjoy the teaching and learning process.
Wacana Kritis Karakter Tokoh Marni dan Rahayu dalam Novel Entrok Karya Okky Madasari
Authors: Saputro Muhammad Ricko Aji , Utami Sri
Published: April 2023

Analisis Wacana Kritis merupakan salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis wacana baik lisan maupun tulis. Objek dari analisis wacana kritis (Critical Discourse Analysis) adalah bahasa, sama halnya dengan analisis wacana (Discourse Analysis). Namun dalam analisis wacana kritis, tidak hanya aspek bahasa saja yang diteliti namun termasuk pula konteks yang menyertainya. Model Van Dijk adalah model yang paling banyak dipakai. Hal ini mungkin disebabkan karena Van Dijk menformulasikan elemen-elemen wacana, sehingga bisa dipakai secara praktis. Menurut Van Dijk, penelitian atas wacana tidak cukup hanya didasarkan pada analisis teks semata, karena teks hanya hasil dari suatu praktik produksi yang harus juga diamati. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan mendiskripsikan suatu hal, yakni mencakup wacana kritis karakter tokoh Marni dan Rahayu dalam novel “Entrok” karya Okky Madasari. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode jenis deskriptif kualitatif.  Sumber Data peneltian berupa paparan kebahasan berbentuk kalimat. Pengumpulan data-data menggunakan teknik simak dan catat. Instrumen yang dipergunakan untuk mengumpulkan data berupa manusia, yaitu peneliti sendiri. Demi menjaga keabsahan data, dilakukan kegiatan triangulasi data. Kegiatan analisis data dimulai dari tahap deskripsi data, analisis data, serta pembahasan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut, simpulan yang bisa didapat dari analisis data wacana kritis karakter tokoh Rahayu adalah berbagai macam karakter (sifat) muncul pada saat sang tokoh mengalami kejadian apapun. Tokoh Rahayu tidak begitu berbanding terbalik dengan ibunya (Marni).
CIDADES PEQUENAS NO CONTEXTO BRASILEIRO: PERSPECTIVA DE ESTUDO
Authors:   Paulo Fernando Jurado da Silva,   Maria José Martinelli Silva Calixto,   Mara Lúcia Falconi da Hora Bernadelli,   Giovane Silveira da Silveira
Published: April 2023

Este livro é composto por trabalhos inseridos no contexto da Rede Mikripoli – Rede de Pesquisadores de Pequenas Cidades e Localidades. Estes buscam debater questões envolvendo a temática das cidades pequenas no contexto brasileiro, a partir, especialmente, da análise regional e de dados demográficos. Assim, esta obra procura contribuir no sentido de apresentar os primeiros estudos da rede, em caráter de coletividade procurando fornecer um olhar para o urbano no Brasil na perspectiva das realidades mikripolitanas, ou seja, desde áreas polarizadas por pequenas cidades/localidades. Os textos desta coletânea trazem, ainda que parcialmente, a realidade de pequenas cidades/localidades em regiões de norte a sul do Brasil. Assim, a proposição de um projeto de pesquisa em conjunto levou em consideração os recortes regionais atuais propostos pelo IBGE: as Regiões Intermediárias e Imediatas. Neste sentido, as equipes vêm adaptando seus recortes em relação a pesquisas anteriores, adequando tabelas e bases cartográficas para mapeamentos.
Experiences of Male Offenders in a Mindfulness-Based Program: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Holt Reginald , Pope Mark
Published: April 2023

Using a thematic analysis approach, this study explored the experiences of men on probation or parole who participated in an adapted version of mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) for addictive behaviors (Bowen et al., 2011) while receiving services in a community re-entry treatment center. A focus on anger regulation was intentionally integrated into the 8 weekly MBRP group sessions, and participants’ overall experience was investigated through semi-structured interviews at the end of the course. A summary of the study, major findings, and results related to the literature are presented for the consideration of human service professionals working in correctional and community justice systems.
“Good” and “bad” adaptation to prison isolation of Polish long-term prisoners in the light of Erving Goffman’s typology of adaptation
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, MISZEWSKI KAMIL
Published: April 2023

The methods of adaptation to prison isolation of prisoners sentenced to short and long-term sentences differ significantly. The latter, after the stage of initial rebellion, often develop constructive coping strategies, while the former are able to persist in rebellion throughout their sentence, realizing its short duration. Based on his own field research regarding adaptation to prison isolation of Polish long-term prisoners, the author reflects upon which methods of adaptation (on the basis of Ervin Goffman’s typology) may be referred to as “good” and which as “bad” ones.
Rola funkcjonariuszy Służby Więziennej w zakresie zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa personalnego osobom pozbawionym wolności – aspekt suicydalny
Authors:   Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, PIERZCHAŁA KAZIMIERZ , JAROSZEWSKA MARTA
Published: April 2023

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie roli funkcjonariuszy Służby Więziennej w zakresie podejmowanych działań mających na celu ochronę życia osoby pozbawionej wolności. W artykule przedstawiono etiologię i uwarunkowania aktów samobójczych, wskazano na wielość czynników ryzyka, jak i na wdrożony 3-stopniowy model oddziaływań profilaktycznych.
Poczucie bezpieczeństwa funkcjonariuszy Służby Więziennej pełniących służbę na stanowisku monitorowego – raport z badań
Authors:   Szkoła Wyższa Wymiaru Sprawiedliwości, LEWANDOWSKI MATEUSZ , KURYŁOWICZ MARIUSZ ,   Szkoła Wyższa Wymiaru Sprawiedliwości, MAZUREK MARCIN ,   Szkoła Wyższa Wymiaru Sprawiedliwości, PYTKA AGNIESZKA ,   Szkoła Wyższa Wymiaru Sprawiedliwości
Published: April 2023

Niniejszy artykuł stanowi wstęp do rozważań na kanwie wniosków z badań realizowanych przez Instytut Panitencjarystyki Stosowanej Szkoły Wyższej Wymiaru Sprawiedliwości. Przeprowadzone badania są odpowiedzią na kluczowe pytania dotyczące poczucia bezpieczeństwa funkcjonariuszy Służby Więziennej pełniących służbę na stanowisku monitorowego w zakresie realizowanych zadań ustawowych. Prezentowany materiał stanowi przegląd wyników badań zrealizowanych w ramach projektu pt. Miejsce i rola stanowiska monitorowego jako elementu warunkującego skuteczność systemu ochrony jednostki penitencjarnej. W artykule przedstawiono najistotniejsze zagadnienia wynikające z badań przeprowadzanych na grupie 388 monitorowych –funkcjonariuszy Służby Więziennej. Materiał zawiera sądy i opinie monitorowych w zakresie dotyczącym organizacji służby, jej optymalizacji oraz angażowanych sił i środków. Istotna część artykułu to zagadnienia dotyczące problematyki suicydalności i jej prewencji w ujęciu technicznym, identyfikacji zagrożeń oraz rozwiązań na rzecz doskonalenia procesu w ujęciu prawnym organizacyjnym i technicznym. W całości przedstawiona problematyka odnosi się do wzmocnienia bezpieczeństwa funkcjonariuszy działu ochrony w ujęciu bezpieczeństwa fizycznego i prawnego. W artykule pokreślono znaczenie stanowiska monitorowego dla realizacji procesu bezpieczeństwa osób osadzonych i bezpieczeństwa jednostki penitencjarne.
Primary Prophylaxis of COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review of approved vaccines
Authors: Khasbage Sameer , Kumar Das Sayan , Najmi Ahmad , Sadasivam Balakrishnan , Singh Surjit
Published: April 2023

Vaccines were commonly viewed as part of the exit strategy to return to prior employment, education, and socialization routines. It is important to increase the availability of doses for the immunization of the global population in order to control the COVID-19 pandemic, which involves tight cooperation between manufacturers and authorities. A global effort is warranted for the management of the virus and equal access to effective vaccines for all countries. This review examines the immunological responses elicited, safety, and SARS-CoV-2 protection offered by vaccine. This review also explores the essential phases between a promising preclinical trial and production on a large scale. The challenges faced during this pandemic and platforms built to address them during this pandemic will play a crucial role in the containment of future outbreaks. Nearly two years since the start of the pandemic, we are at a point where preclinical and clinical data are generated for vaccines can assist us in gaining a deeper understanding of this important area.
Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Post Covid Rhino-orbito Cerebral Mucormycosis
Authors: Sowmiya S. , Jafar Abdulla Mohamed Usman , Leoney A. , Syed Asaraf Ali
Published: April 2023

Covid 19 infection leads to reduced ciliary function, cytokine storm, thrombo-inflammation, microvascular coagulation and immune exhaustion. Hence, opportunistic infections such as mucormycosis are increasing in Covid affected patients. Covid infection has a tendency to worsen comorbid conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and cardiac disorders or even cause these life-threatening conditions in previously normal individuals. Corticosteroids used for the treatment of Covid puts the patients at risk of developing infections like mucormycosis since corticosteroids act as immune suppressors. At this juncture it is important to understand the pathophysiology, surgical/medical treatment as well the prosthetic rehabilitation of post covid rhino-orbito cerebral mucormycosis.
Integrated Omics approach for Prediction of Operons like gene clusters in plants: Tools, Techniques, and Future aspects
Authors: Changarangath Vineeth , Tripathi Sakshi , Singh Shweta , Singh Himanshu
Published: April 2023

Organized expression of genes within the genomes of microbes is a well-established concept under the name of operons. Similarly, the recent developments in the field of genetics and biochemistry has exposed operon-like genetic arrangements called Biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in plants that has revolutionized the way we approach applied plant genetics for human use. Plant Gene clusters contain signature and tailoring genes. Signature genes are responsible for forming the backbone of the structure of the molecule. Tailoring genes are the group of genes that support these gene clusters to perform their functions. Recent genetics and chemical studies have shined light on an interesting aspect of plant metabolism, which is the accumulation of genes i.e. gene clusters involved in unique metabolic pathways in plants. Further utilizing the advanced genetic engineering tools provide opportunity to modify the plant genome at gene level for production of beneficial products for humans. In this review we have looked at the background, mechanism, discovery, significance, general methodology and techniques and current and future prospects of Biosynthetic gene clusters BGCs. Also, we shall be looking at some of the tools (examples like Blast and PlantiSmash) having applications in studying these gene clusters, their properties and their functions.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Profile of Hydrazide Compounds
Authors: Th. Sadeek Ghufran , Faiyq Saeed Zainab , Yakdhan Saleh Mohanad
Published: April 2023

This class of compounds, which is known as Hydrazide has great significance in organic chemistry. This is the reason why methods of preparation of different types of compounds that are useful in many fields are studied here. It is characterized by containing an active group, which is (-CONHNH2), which consists of two nitrogen atoms attached to four substitutes, and at least one of these substitutes must be an (acyl) or (aryl) group. It is known that these compounds have very important medical, pharmaceutical and industrial functions and applications. Some of them have been employed in the treatment of many common and dangerous diseases, such as respiratory diseases and malaria. In addition, they are highly useful in preparing some important drugs used in the treatment of some chronic diseases related to blood vessels and muscle spasms, showing a wide variety of biological activities, including antibacterial, mitigating, anticonvulsant, antiviral, and antiprotozoal activity. Moreover, they may be used as raw materials in preparing many classes of heterocyclic compounds, including oxadiazole and diazole compounds. Finally, they show significance in industrial applications, particularly in the manufacture of dyes, agricultural pesticides, and growth stimulants for plants and Agricultural crops.
Role of Financial Inclusion and Empowerment of Weaker Section of the Society: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Shagufa Ali
Published: April 2023

Financial inclusion and empowerment of weaker sections of society have emerged as critical issues in the development discourse. The inability to access formal financial services has been recognized as a major obstacle to achieving economic growth & poverty reduction. Empowering weaker sections of society with financial literacy and access to financial services can incredibly help them improve their living standards, create wealth, and increase their economic resilience. In this study, we explore the challenges faced by these sections in accessing formal financial services and discuss the role of technology and policy interventions in addressing these challenges. We also highlight the benefits of financial inclusion, including increased economic activity, improved livelihoods, and reduced poverty. Finally, we emphasize the need for partnerships between governments, financial institutions, and civil society organizations to promote the empowerment of weaker sections of society through financial inclusion.
Impact of Social CRM (Customer Relationship Management) On Purchase Decision of Consumer: A Primary Data-Based Study in the E-Commerce Industry
Authors: Omdeep Gupta
Published: April 2023

In this day of cutting-edge technologies, social media is necessary for a business to remain competitive in the market. Social media may be used to manage and preserve close relationships with customers. This essay's goal is to investigate the various ways that social media aids in the development of management of client relationships. The importance of social media, as well as their use and development, are discussed. A key component of creating a CRM strategy is social media marketing. CRM focuses marketing strategy on the customer, whom it sees as the company's most important asset. Based on case studies and surveys, this essay explores the necessity of moving from standard CRM to social CRM. The researchers are interested in how CRM may develop with social media because social CRM is a relatively new field. The report emphasizes practical examples of how companies can use social media to increase sales and profitability, develop marketing, draw in new customers, maintain them, and develop loyal ones.
Landscape and flux theory for nonequilibrium biological systems
Authors: Wang Jin
Published: April 2023

In this talk, I will review recently developed landscape and flux theory as well as its biophysical applications. Together with concepts and tools developed in other areas of nonequilibrium physics, significant progress has been made in unraveling the principles underlying efficient energy transport in photosynthesis, cellular regulatory networks, cellular movements and organization, cell cycle, differentiation and development, cancer, neural network dynamics, population dynamics and ecology, aging, immune responses, and evolution. Here recent advances in nonequilibrium physics are reviewed and their application to biological systems is surveyed. Many of these results are expected to be important as the field continues to build our understanding of life.
Physical Computation in Insect Swarms
Authors: Peleg Orit
Published: April 2023

Our world is full of living creatures that must share information to survive and reproduce. As humans, we easily forget how hard it is to communicate within natural environments. So how do organisms solve this challenge, using only natural resources? Ideas from computer science, physics and mathematics, such as energetic cost, compression, and detectability, define universal criteria that almost all communication systems must meet. We use insect swarms as a model system for identifying how organisms harness the dynamics of communication signals, perform spatiotemporal integration of these signals, and propagate those signals to neighboring organisms. In this talk I will focus on three types of communication in insect swarms: visual communication, in which fireflies communicate over long distances using light signals, chemical communication, in which bees serve as signal amplifiers to propagate pheromone-based information about the queen’s location, and mechanical communication in which bees sense tensions in the physical bonds they make to create clusters that change their morphology to withstand mechanical stresses. These evolved solutions reveal new optimalities in the physics of spatiotemporal signal processing. By understanding insect communication – honed by evolution, selection, and refinement – we can expect to not only more deeply understand animal communication but leverage that understanding toward bio-inspired designs in the fields of swarm robotics and distributed communication.
Bacterial Motility-From Physics To Human Health
Authors: Tang Jay X
Published: April 2023

Evolving on planet Earth for billions of years, microbes have developed an ability to move in liquid or on moist surfaces. Flagellated bacteria can swim in water with the aid of helical shaped flagella. Each flagellum is driven by a rotary motor embedded at the bacterial cell wall. Besides swimming, many species of bacteria also display swarming motility, an impressive form of collective migration as a growing population of bacteria spreads over moist surfaces. The fundamental fluid mechanics and interfacial physics account for a rich variety of patterns expanding bacterial colonies develop, including fingerlike protrusions (Yang 2017), expanding wavefronts (Du 2012), and dynamic droplets (Ma 2021). Our ongoing study focuses on a particular species of bacteria, the Enterobacter sp. SM3, which is identified from murine hosts under conditions relevant to the human inflammable bowel disease (IBD). SM3 manifests strong swarming behavior, whereas its isogenic mutants isolated from healthy control animals do not swarm as strongly (De 2021). It is hoped that the study of swarming motility of SM3 may reveal its hidden benefit on disease amelioration. More broadly, new knowledge of bacterial swarming motility might lead to biomedical and environmental applications.
Building the cell from unreliable parts: the case of stochastic organelle biogenesis
Authors: Mukherji Shankar
Published: April 2023

Perhaps the defining feature of the eukaryotic cell is its organization into membrane-bound compartments known as organelles. While the processes underlying the biogenesis of individual organelles are often well-known, the precision with which individual cells exert quantitative control over individual organelle properties, such as number and size, and coordinate these properties at systems-scale across the cell’s many different types of organelles remain frontier problems in cell biology and biophysics. Using a combination of theory and quantitative experiment, I will describe our recent efforts to show that cells exhibit substantial limits to the precision with which they can control organelle numbers and sizes, but despite this appear to collectively organize organelle biogenesis into specific “modes” when faced with the need to respond to environmental and genetic perturbations.
Micro and nanobubbles in membrane processes: State-of-the-art and the way forward
Authors: Gitis Vitaly
Published: April 2023

Air-water micro nanobubbles MNBs can be produced by four different methods and be used to improve:
Oxygen transfer in microbiological processes with a high consumption rate
Algae flotation
Decomposition of organic compounds
Fouling mitigation in membranes
The macrobubbles and slugs are currently implemented in the industry, and MNBs are investigated in the labs. The webinar maps ways to explore the full potential of MNB flows through basic definitions, state-of-the-art analytical techniques, bubble generation methods, and the implementation of engineering principles in water and wastewater treatment processes.
The future of air-water flows is in the intentional integration of MNBs in industrial processes alongside macrobubbles and air slugs. The most significant promise held by MNBs is in a continuous depreciation of the role water treatment chemicals play in water treatment processes. A deliberate generation of OH· radicals for the inactivation of pathogens and oxidation of micropollutants may start the movement away from chemical inactivation towards more sustainable water resources. Mitigation of membrane fouling without strong inorganic oxidants will prolong the life of polymer membranes. Better collision and adhesion of MNBs and higher lift of macrobubbles can significantly increase the efficiency of algae flotation, reduce flocculants, and adjust the process for the physical removal of micropollutants. Higher oxygen transfer rates can improve microbiological treatment and lower the necessity and load of further treatment stages.
Çocukluk Döneminde Bilişsel Gelişim: Piaget ve Vygotsky’nin Bilişsel Gelişim Kuramlarının İncelenmesi ve Karşılaştırılması
Authors: EROĞLU Musa
Published: April 2023

İnsan gelişimi incelenirken en çok incelenen alanlardan biri de bilişsel gelişimdir. İnsanın dünyayı tanıyıp kavramasında bilişsel faaliyetler çok önemlidir. Bilişsel gelişi, beyin ve sinir sistemlerinin olgunlaşmasıyla bireyin çevresine uyum sağlamasına yardımcı olan deneyimlerinin bileşimidir. Dünyaya gelen her birey birbirinden farklı zihinsel yapılarla gelmektedir. Çeşitli öğrenme yaşantıları ile yetişkinler, yaşadığı çevre ve dünya hakkında ayrıntılı bilgi edinmişlerdir. Çocuklar ise dış dünyada olup bitenlerden habersizdirler. Birey çevreyi tanıyıp kavrarken algılama, belleğe, kaydetme yargılama, karşılaştırma ve yorumlama gibi aşamaları kullanır. Çocukluk dönemi şüphesiz insan yaşamı için çok önemli bir dönemdir. Bu dönemde bireyin bilişsel gelişimi önemli ölçüde tamamlanmaktadır. Çocuklar iki yaşındayken yürüyerek tırmanarak zıplayarak düşerek kalkarak dünya hakkında çok şey öğrenebilirler. Çocuk çevre hakkında bilgi edindikçe daha çok soru sorarak çevresini daha iyi tanımaya çalışır. Bu dönemde bilişsel gelişim alanında çalışmalar yapan kuramcılardan en önemli ikisi Piaget ve Vygotskydir. Bu çalışmada Piaget ve Vygotsky’ nin bilişsel gelişim kuramları incelenerek karşılaştırılmıştır. Piaget ‘nin Bilişsel Gelişim Kuramında şema, uyum sağlama, özümleme, uyma ve dengeleme gibi daha çok biyolojik yapılara yer verilirmiştir. Piaget bilişsel gelişimin evresel ardışık bir yapı içerisinde olduğunu belirtmektedir. Vygotsky’ nin kuramı daha çok sosyal çevrenin etkisine değindiği görülmüştür. Vygotsky öğretici, yetişkin ebevyn ve diğerlerinin müdahalelerinin bilişsel gelişim açısından oldukça önemli olduğuna vurgu yapmıştır.
Zasadnicze powody rozstrzygnięcia w polskiej procedurze cywilnej / Summary Reasons for Judgment in the Polish Civil Procedure
Authors: Tomczak Janusz
Published: April 2023

Providing the reasons for judgments is a highly important part of the court’s judicial practice. Two distinct ways of providing the rationale for judgment by a judge can be distinguished in the Polish civil procedure, namely a statement of reasons for judgment and providing explanation of the underlying rationale for the judgement (which is often referred to as ‘verbal summary reasons for judgment’). This latter form has been significantly modified by the amendment of the Polish Code of Civil Procedure, which came into effect on 7 November 2019. Under this amendment, the rule that a written statement of reasons for judgment delivered at closed court hearings is to be provided was modified and the written statement of reasons have been replaced with writtensummary reasons for judgment. It resulted in a growing importance of this form of judicial rationale for the judgment.
This article describes the current status of the summary reasons for judgmentin the Polish civil procedure. The author describes their specific features that distinguish summary reasons for judgmentfrom the statement of reasons for judgment and attempts to set down the requirementswhich they have to meet under the current law.
Ratio legis uchylenia art. 152 ustawy z dnia 6 czerwca 1997 r. – Kodeks karny wykonawczy
Ratio Legis for Repealing Article 152 of the Act of 6 June 1997 – the Penal Enforcement Code
Authors: Jurczyk-Wiecha Joanna
Published: April 2023

On 5 October 2019, Article 152 of the Act of 6 June 1997 – the Penal Enforcement Code which provided for the possibility of a conditional suspension of enforcement of the imprisonment sentence at the stage of enforcement proceedings, was repealed. The analysis of the legislative process leads to the conclusion that the repeal of the provision has no justification in the draft amendment act. The institution provided in Article 152 provided for a potential award of a very severe penalty going much further than conditional early release from the remainder of the sentence, modification of the conviction in the enforcement proceedings, leading, upon the occurrence of certain premises, to change of an unconditional custodial sentence into a custodial sentence with a conditional suspension of its enforcement. This article is an attempt to determine the purpose of the amendment, the motives behind the legislators’ decision, as well as to assess the changes.
Key words: enforcement proceedings, conditional suspension of a sentence, sentence enforcement postponement, enforcement proceedings suspension, electronic tagging
Glosa do wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z 9 lipca 2020 r. II KK 182/19 / Comment on the Judgment of the Supreme Court of 9 July 2020 II KK 182/19
Authors: Kukuła Zygmunt
Published: April 2023

The criminal provision of Article 586 of the Code of Commercial Companies and Partnerships which criminalizes the offence of failure to file for bankruptcy of a commercial company, is a provision with a referral to another legal regulation. Therefore, when considering the grounds for criminal liability, it is necessary to refer to the Bankruptcy Law which defines in detail the grounds for insolvency and the deadline for filing a bankruptcy petition with the court. In view of the possible changes to the provisions of the Bankruptcy Law, wherever we examine the criminal liability of the liable person, it should be determined whether the provisions which the referral provision refers to, in this case the Bankruptcy Law, have not changed as at the date of delivering the judgment on criminal liability and at the time the alleged act was committed. In the event of changes to the Bankruptcy Law, any uncertainties as to the applicable law should be resolved guided by the conflict of law rules laid down in Article 4 of the Criminal Code. Based on the arguments presented in the article, the state of insolvency should be determined in accordance with the provisions of the Bankruptcy Law in force as at the date of the ruling as being more favourable for the perpetrator.
Key words: bankruptcy, criminal law, conflict-of-law rules of criminal law, grounds for bankruptcy, provision of criminal law containing a referral to another legal regulation
Algunos credos más notables
Authors: Resines Llorente Luis
Published: April 2023

Con frecuencia, se ha presentado el Credo como una oración que los cristianos han de saber y recitar. Y ha sido menos frecuente presentarlo como una síntesis de la fe poseída, la fe sabida, la fe profesada. En realidad, esta segunda perspectiva es la que le corresponde desde sus orígenes, y cada cristiano, cada comunidad cristiana, ha expresado su fe con frases similares, parecidas, pero no siempre idénticas. Esto no es ruptura de la fe, sino riqueza de la expresión sincera.

El examen de unos cuantos credos, más notables, permite una reflexión, al compararlos, y comprobar de cuántas maneras es posible manifestar la misma fe con fórmulas diferentes en sus frases, pero idénticas en su más honda entraña. Es la riqueza del patrimonio de los cristianos.
Para comprender el hecho religioso
Authors: García Guerrero Benito Enrique
Published: April 2023

Este trabajo quiere responder a la demanda de quienes buscan una introducción breve pero significativa al hecho religioso, en nuestro contexto occidental y español. Se trata de un estudio que constituye una sencilla aproximación pluridisciplinar al fenómeno religioso, desde las principales ciencias de las religiones, según la óptica particular del autor.
Der Kuss, Das Abendmahl und Der letzte Schrei. Kommunizieren mit Bildern im Kunstunterricht
Authors: Schweiger Christina
Published: April 2023

In den kompetenzorientierten Fachlehrplänen Kunst und Gestaltung in der Primarstufe sowie Sekundarstufe I, wie der Unterrichtsgegenstand Bildnerischer Erziehung ab dem Schuljahr 2023/24 heißen wird, ist den Bereichen Bildnerische Praxis sowie Wahrnehmen und Reflektieren ein dritter beigegeben. In der Primarstufe lautet er Kommunizieren, in der Sekundarstufe I Bildsprachen und Kommunizieren. Im Zusammenspiel der drei Bereiche werden die Gestaltungs- und Wahrnehmungsfähigkeit sowie das bildnerische und sprachliche Ausdruckvermögen der Schüler*innen angeregt und gefördert. Wovon man nicht sprechen kann, darüber muss man schweigen, mag deshalb für den Kunstunterricht nur bedingt gelten, weil man sich auch mit bildnerischen Mitteln ausdrücken kann. Deshalb ist es wichtig, ein Kommunizieren mit Bildern und über Bilder zu erlernen, wie im Fachlehrplan der Sekundarstufe I festgehalten wird.
Prevalence of Shin Splint among Treadmill Users in Gym
Authors: Fatima Kanwal , Rana Zainab , Khalid Memoona , Abid Aliha , Ahmad Maliha , Saba Dur E Nayyab , Afzal Khizra , Arshad Zainab , Noureen Aqsa
Published: April 2023

Background: shin splints are depicting a condition in which leg torment and distress in distal posteromedial part of leg is brought about by dreary action and it rejects reasons for torment because of stress cracks or because of ischemia. Purpose of study: Study aimed to find the prevalence of shin splints among treadmill users in gym. Materials & Methods: The study was observational cross-sectional survey. Purposive sampling was done. 152 data were collected from different gyms of Lahore, Faisalabad and Sargodha, Pakistan. Both male and females aged 18-25 years with duration of gym from last 6 months at least 3 days a week and currently using gym were included in study while person with any physical and anatomical disability or history of surgery of lower limb and systemic illness. (e.g., deep venous thrombosis) were excluded from study. Data was analyzed using SPSS V 23. Descriptive statistics in form of frequency and percentages was presented. Pie and bar charts were plotted. Data was collected through self-devised questionnaire and Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome Score and Ankle Brachial Index and Shin Palpation Test were applied Results: Mean age of participants was 21 years. Out of 140 participants after systemic disease exclusion 87% participants felt pain in lower leg. While 57.1 (n=80) showed some or moderate arterial diseases when evaluated through Ankle Brachial Index. 17.9% (n=25) showed positive shin palpation indicating shin splints. Shin splints were twice as likely to occur in physically active people who had previously reported a running-related injury. To stop the problem from worsening, it is crucial to determine whether treadmill users have shin splints. This study was carried out in Sargodha, Punjab, to discover shin splints in treadmill users. The purpose of this study was to shed light on the frequency and origin of shin splints among treadmill users. Athletes who experience medial shin pain (MSP) may be unable to run. The incidence especially among treadmill users was not previously investigated. Since there was no literature on the population chosen, this topic was chosen. Conclusion: Use of treadmill is one of causes of shin splint and factors associated were duration of treadmill use and supervised use of treadmill while person with shin splint have pain during walking, sporting and running activities which reduced activities. Keywords: Shin Splints, Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome, Treadmill, Gym.
Prevalence of Insomnia among Medical Students
Authors: Adnan Mahwish , Ali Muhammad Hassan , Nikhet Sadia , Begum Farhana , Arshad Arfa , Khizar Bakht
Published: April 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency and prevalence of insomnia among medical students of sheikh Zayed hospital and medical college Study design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Study started from 1st September 2018 and lasted to 30th March 2019 and was carried out at Sheikh Zayed Medical College and Hospital (Rahim Yar Khan). Methodology: This study was done through a questionnaire (Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Sample of the study consisted in medical students who were chose by random sampling to check the prevalence of insomnia. 75 students were male and 60 were female. Similarly,14 students from third year, 93 from fourth year and 28 from final year of MBBS. Complete history record maintain in academic years, sleep hour, midday nap and common cause of sleep disturbance mention in the literature: age, gender, habitat, BMI, physical activity, smoking and socioeconomic status was taken from the participant. During the interview, psychological assessment done for psychiatric illness and other screening for medical issues. Results: Study was done on the sample size (N) of two hundred and sixty (260) medical students. Response rate was 90% for two hundred and fifty students (250). 101(40.4%) were male out of these 250 students, and 149(59.6) were female students. Maximum and minimum age of the students was 25 years and 18 years respectively and mean age of the respondents was 21.076±1. This scale Athens Insomnia Scale, 102 (40.8%) participants were found to be insomnic and 148(59.2%) are non-insomniac. Among 102 Insomniac students, 70 were females and 32 were males. So result indicates that insomnia is more common in females then males. Conclusion: Insomnia is very common in medical student’s .This study shows that prevalence of insomnia in medical students is high. While the severity of insomnia is greater in female medical students as compare to the male students. Practical Implication: In our system, proper assessment of such problems would help in developing policies and adjusting medical study curricula to boost the output of one of the most expensive professional degree courses. Keywords: Insomnia, Medical students, Athens Insomnia Scale, BMI,
Pulmonary Function Test Among University Students-A Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Saeed Hina , Yousuf Rahila , Hasan Sobia , Ansari M. Muddasir , Anis Tehreem , Ajaz Sanowber
Published: April 2023

Objectives: To identify the lung functioning parameters i.e. FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC%, MVV of healthy individuals with normal pulmonary function. Study Design: It was a cross-sectional study. Study Setting: Study was conducted at Institute of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation (IPM&R), Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan from August 2022 to January 2023. Methods: Total 60 students giving the male to female ratio of 1:1 with age ranging of 15-30 years were enrolled and studied for respiratory functions by spirometry. Subjects were divided in two groups depending on their gender. The Measured parameters comprised: Vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume first second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC%, and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV). Result: Our results show that all indices, including FVC, FEV1, FVC/FEV1%, and MVV, were statistically significantly (p0.01) greater in males compared to females. Women have a much lower FEV1/FVC ratio than men do (p< 0.05). Out of a total of 60 students, 57.3% (n=34) were classified as having normal spirometry; 15.3% (n=9) were classified as having mild restrictions; 11.7% (n=7) were classified as having moderate restrictions; 1.7% (n=1) were classified as having moderate severe restrictions; 10% (n=6) were classified as having mild obstruction; and 5.3% (n=3) were classified as having moderate obstruction. Practical Implication: Little data exist on whether and how PFT parameters change depending on a person's gender. As a result, we set out to learn more about the differences between the sexes in PFT variables and the connection between BMI and the tests. Conclusion: Our study revealed that males had greater values of FVC, FEV1, FVC/FEV1, and MVV when compared to females, which was statistically significant (p<0.01). Females have a significantly (p0.05) lower FEV1/FVC ratio than males. Our findings demonstrate that healthy male and female subjects breathe in different ways, which may be related to gender's effect on lung function. Keywords: Gender, Spirometer, FVC, FEV1, FEV1 /FVC%, MVV, Medical Rehabilitation, Pulmonary Function
Hemorrhagic shock subsequent to an unscarred uterine rupture in a primigravida: A rare case report
Authors: NAWFAL CAIDI  , HANAA LAZHAR  , AZIZ SLAOUI  , Aicha KHARBACH  , Aziz BAYDADA  , RAJAE TACHINANTE
Published: April 2023

Peripartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. It may be subsequent to many aetiologies such as uterine rupture. It usually occurs during vaginal birth with a scarred uterus and rarely in unscarred ones. Clinical assessment is mandatory to identify parturients at rik of PPH. The anesthesiologist alongside the obstetrician are major stakeholders in managing hemorrhagic shock. We hereby present the uncommon case of a hemorrhagic shock subsequent to an unscarred uterine rupture in a primigravida at 34 weeks’ gestation. The immediate presence of the anesthesiologist and quick decision making brightened the prognosis. Through this article we stressing the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration and establishing protocols to unify PPH hemorrhage even when it’s unexpected.
Penerapan Metode Simple Additive Weighting Untuk Penerima Bantuan Langsung Tunai Dana Desa
Authors: Khoirudin Khoirudin , Sulistiyanto Sulistiyanto
Published: April 2023

Untuk melindungi masyarakat miskin dan rentan dari dampak pandemi pemerintah telah merancang beberapa program jaminan perlindungan sosial. Salah satunya adalah Bantuan Langsung Tunai Dana Desa (BLT-Dana Desa), yaitu bantuan keuangan yang bersumber dari Dana Desa dan ditujukan bagi masyarakat miskin dan rentan yang kesulitan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya sehari-hari terutama akibat wabah. Metode simple additive weighting dipilih karena metode ini menentukan penilaian kriteria keluarga penerima manfaat berdasarkan kriteria dari pihak desa, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan proses seleksi sehingga menghasilkan perangkingan. Perancangan sistem pendukung keputusan ini menggunakan pendekatan berorientasi kepada objek yaitu dengan menggunakan Unified Modelling Language (use case diagram, activity diagram, class diagram dan sequence diagram).Dengan metode simple additive weighting yang terkomputerisasi bisa menjadi solusi bagi aparat desa untuk menentukan penerima bantuan langsung tunai dana desa.
IMPACTS OF THE AFGHAN FROZEN ASSETS ON THE TRADE AND BAKING OF AFGHANISTAN
Authors: Stanikzai Amin
Published: April 2023

Valuable assets are reserves under the jurisdiction of the country's central bank that are used to support the national currency in emergency situations and financial crises in order to reduce currency fluctuations and access to services. Afghanistan has about nine and a half billion dollars of assets, which have been kept in various international banks and reputable financial organizations to stabilize the Afghan currency and strengthen and improve Afghan national and international trade. In 2021, when the Taliban took power in Afghanistan, the assets of Afghanistan were frozen by the United States of America, which created problems and shortcomings for the current Afghan government and the people of Afghanistan.

The significance of the research study is to elaborate on and discuss the impacts of the Afghan frozen assets on the society, finance, and business sectors of Afghanistan and to find a fair solution to get rid of the mentioned challenges and drawbacks. The purpose of this research study is to identify and introduce the assets of Afghanistan, provide accurate data about the assets of Afghanistan, and describe their impact on the business and banking sectors.

The doctrinal research methodology and descriptive, explanatory, and analytical research approaches are used in this work. It is worth mentioning that this research study is entirely based on library sources. The researcher concluded at the end of the research study that the issue of frozen assets, deteriorating economic conditions, unemployment, and non-recognition of the ruling government of Afghanistan are the major shortcomings confronting the Afghan banking and trade sectors.
Continuing Vocational Training in Bulgaria – Main Aspects and Characteristics
Authors: Dimitrova Rayna
Published: April 2023

The modern economy has a number of characteristics, one of which is the highly dynamic structural changes in the labor market. As a result, enterprises and organizations are faced with serious current problems and future challenges, related to access to the human resources they need with a level of knowledge, professional skills and competences adequate to the objective needs. This places as a strategic priority the formation, maintenance and development of human resources corresponding to the requirements and expectations of the business. Continuing Vocational Training (CVT) is a major tool for realizing this priority. The main purpose of the paper is to investigate the main aspects and characteristics of the CVT in Bulgaria during the period 2005 – 2020. The research methods used are the method of analysis and synthesis, statistical methods, graphic method, etc. The main research results are: the derived quantitative characteristics of the CVT; the general conclusions made regarding the state and dynamics in the development of the CVT in Bulgaria, incl. in comparison to EU countries.
Exploring current perceptions and experiences of working with older adults within an IAPT service: Barriers and ways to overcome
Authors: Porter Rachel , Devlin Kerrianne
Published: April 2023

The aging population is increasing rapidly however research continues to show a decline in the number of older adults accessing and seeking psychological treatment since the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to identify perceived barriers to access and engagement within an IAPT service and explores possible ways these might be overcome. 24 IAPT clinicians completed an online survey exploring their experiences of working psychologically with older adults. Content analysis revealed three key themes and subthemes related to barriers: (1) Technology (Confidence, Ability, Reluctance, Access), (2) Health (Commitment, Assistance, Mobility, Impairments), (3) Client engagement (Expectation, Understanding, Stigma, Motivation) and three themes with subthemes for overcoming these barriers: (1) Therapist flexibility (Slower pace, Adaptations, Signposting) (2) Client autonomy (Socialisation, Client values, expectations); (3) Therapeutic alliance (Honesty, Listening to needs, Collaboration). It is hoped these findings help to raise awareness and recognition of potential challenges associated with older adult access and engagement as experienced by IAPT clinicians and begins to highlight possible ways these might be overcome.