bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Approaches Employed by the Ministry of Finance in Tanzania to Enhance the Effectiveness of On-Job Training Programs
Authors: Mwageni Moses Romward , Mushi Andrew Abia
Published: December 2024

This paper evaluates the approaches employed by the Ministry of Finance in its on-the-job training programs using a qualitative approach.  Specifically, the paper intended to; investigate the approaches employed by the Ministry of Finance in the design, implementation, and management of its on-job training initiatives, to assess the extent to which knowledge and skills acquired through OJT programs are successfully applied to employees' daily roles and responsibilities and to examine challenges and barriers faced by the Ministry of Finance in implementing OJT programs. The theory which was adopted in the paper is Human capital theory which suggests that investments in employee training and development can improve their productivity and skills, benefiting both the individual and the organization. The target population for this study was the 550 Ministry of Finance Employees at the headquarter. A case study research design was adopted, with a combination of random and purposive sampling techniques yielding a sample of 55 respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and documentary reviews, and analyzed using both quantitative and content analysis methods. The findings reveal that the Ministry has employed several strategies in designing, implementing, and managing these training programs. These strategies include tailoring training to specific job roles and career paths (90% of respondents), promoting continuous professional development (90% of respondents), offering leadership development programs (85% of respondents), providing performance-based training incentives (85% of respondents), integrating emerging technologies (82% of respondents), fostering cross-departmental collaboration, and promoting diversity and inclusion in training initiatives (75% of respondents).  Employees have largely applied the skills and knowledge gained from these trainings; however, their effectiveness is often hindered by challenges such as limited managerial support, lack of time, insufficient feedback and recognition, and inadequate resources. Moreover, the overall effectiveness of the Ministry’s on-the-job training implementation is constrained by factors including time constraints, difficulties in identifying skills gaps, resource limitations, resistance to change, and a lack of training infrastructure. In conclusion, while the Ministry of Finance has demonstrated a commitment to implementing on-the-job training programs, the paper recommends that management should focus on ensuring the allocation of adequate financial resources, conducting effective training needs assessments to accurately identify skills gaps, and hiring more qualified and adequate professional trainers to enhance the effectiveness of these programs.
WHATSAPP MESSENGER FOR EDUCATION: ATTITUDE, PERCEIVED EASE OF USE AND RETENTION LEVEL AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN KWARA STATE UNIVERSITIES, NIGERIA
Authors: HAMZAT AFEEZ ABIOLA , COKER ADESHINA
Published: December 2024

Social media usage for education can never be overemphasized as its rewards are enormous. As one of the integrated social media for education, WhatsApp messenger is an instant message application that runs on smartphone and web-based devices that enables users to trade information via various media form (Sahu, 2019). Many people seem to be awared of WhatsApp messenger and its use. This study therefore investigated the attitude, perceived ease of use and retention level of WhatsApp messenger for education among undergraduate students of Kwara State universities and as well investigated the students’ perceived ease of use of WhatsApp messenger based on school gender. The study revealed that undergraduate students’ attitude towards using WhatsApp messenger for Education in Kwara State universities is positive, the undergraduate students’ perceived ease of use of WhatsApp messenger for education is positive, the undergraduate students’ retention level in using of WhatsApp messenger for education is high, and there is no significant difference in students’ perceived ease of use of WhatsApp messenger for education based on gender.
ABSTRAKPenggunaan media sosial untuk pendidikan tidak boleh terlalu ditekankan karena manfaatnya sangat besar. Sebagai salah satu media sosial terintegrasi untuk pendidikan, WhatsApp messenger merupakan aplikasi pesan instan yang berjalan pada smartphone dan perangkat berbasis web yang memungkinkan penggunanya bertukar informasi melalui berbagai bentuk media (Sahu, 2019). Banyak orang tampaknya mengetahui WhatsApp messenger dan penggunaannya. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini menyelidiki sikap, persepsi kemudahan penggunaan dan tingkat retensi WhatsApp messenger untuk pendidikan di kalangan mahasiswa S1 Universitas Negeri Kwara dan juga menyelidiki persepsi kemudahan penggunaan WhatsApp messenger oleh siswa berdasarkan gender sekolah. Studi ini mengungkapkan bahwa sikap mahasiswa sarjana terhadap penggunaan WhatsApp messenger untuk Pendidikan di Universitas Negeri Kwara adalah positif, persepsi kemudahan mahasiswa sarjana dalam menggunakan WhatsApp messenger untuk pendidikan adalah positif, tingkat retensi mahasiswa sarjana dalam menggunakan WhatsApp messenger untuk pendidikan tinggi, dan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dalam persepsi siswa tentang kemudahan penggunaan WhatsApp messenger untuk pendidikan berdasarkan gender.
SCHOOL MARKETING STRATEGIES IN INCREASING STUDENTS' INTEREST IN MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH MUHAMMADIYAH PROGRAM KHUSUS
Authors: ADILA DINDA YUNI , HIDAYATI HANIFA NUR , HASANAH RAHMATUL , PANGESTI YUSYI'AFAH , ERNAWATI FETTY
Published: December 2024

Marketing strategies are very important for every educational institution to understand. Cooperation and good relations with the community are very important in the marketing process. Educational institutions must have special strategies in marketing their educational services to attract public interest. Sometimes there are still many educational institutions that pay less attention to their marketing strategies. The purpose of this research is to describe the marketing strategy in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Muhammadiyah Program Khusus Kartasura. The type of this research is qualitative, where the data collected is in the form of words not numbers. The data collection technique used interviews, observation, and documentation. Based on the research there is a marketing strategy in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Muhammadiyah Program Khusus Kartasura in marketing through elements of the marketing mix which includes product, price, place, and promotion.
ABSTRAK Strategi pemasaran sangat penting untuk dipahami oleh setiap lembaga pendidikan. Kerja sama dan hubungan baik dengan masyarakat sangat penting dalam proses pemasaran. Lembaga pendidikan harus mempunyai strategi khusus dalam memasarkan jasa pendidikannya untuk menarik minat masyarakat. Terkadang masih banyak lembaga pendidikan yang kurang memperhatikan strategi pemasarannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan strategi pemasaran pada Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Program Khusus Muhammadiyah Kartasura. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif, dimana data yang dikumpulkan berupa kata-kata bukan angka. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan penelitian terdapat strategi pemasaran di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Muhammadiyah Program Khusus Kartasura dalam pemasaran melalui unsur bauran pemasaran yang meliputi produk, harga, tempat, dan promosi.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING POLICIES IN AISYIYAH II KARTASURA KINDERGARTEN
Authors: RAHMANTO RAHMANTO , NOVITASARI AYU , MAFILINDA RISA AHWALINA , AZ-ZAHRA BERLIAN , SUPRAPRTI SUPRAPRTI
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze the implementation of human resource development and training policies at Aisyiyah II Kartasura Kindergarten. The focus of this research is to understand how the human resource development policies are implemented, the challenges faced, and their impact on the quality of teachers and supporting staff. The research approach used is qualitative with a descriptive method, where data is collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The results show that the human resource development and training policies at Aisyiyah II Kartasura Kindergarten have been implemented as planned, although some challenges remain, such as budget constraints and training time limitations. The training programs provided include improving pedagogical competence, technological skills, and strengthening religious values. These policies have positively impacted the improvement of teaching quality and the ability of teachers to face modern educational challenges. In conclusion, the implementation of human resource development and training policies at Aisyiyah II Kartasura Kindergarten plays a significant role in improving the quality of education, although improvements are still needed in terms of funding and scheduling. The recommendations provided include increasing budget allocation for training and creating a more flexible training schedule to ensure optimal program execution.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi kebijakan pengembangan dan pelatihan sumber daya manusia di TK Aisyiyah II Kartasura. Fokus penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami bagaimana kebijakan pengembangan sumber daya manusia dilaksanakan, tantangan yang dihadapi, dan dampaknya terhadap kualitas guru dan tenaga pendukung. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif, dimana data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pengembangan sumber daya manusia dan pelatihan di TK Aisyiyah II Kartasura telah dilaksanakan sesuai rencana, meskipun masih terdapat beberapa kendala seperti kendala anggaran dan keterbatasan waktu pelatihan. Program pelatihan yang diberikan meliputi peningkatan kompetensi pedagogik, keterampilan teknologi, dan penguatan nilai-nilai keagamaan. Kebijakan-kebijakan ini berdampak positif pada peningkatan kualitas pengajaran dan kemampuan guru dalam menghadapi tantangan pendidikan modern. Kesimpulannya, implementasi kebijakan pengembangan sumber daya manusia dan pelatihan di TK Aisyiyah II Kartasura sangat berperan dalam peningkatan mutu pendidikan, meskipun masih diperlukan perbaikan dari segi pendanaan dan penjadwalan. Rekomendasi yang diberikan antara lain meningkatkan alokasi anggaran untuk pelatihan dan membuat jadwal pelatihan yang lebih fleksibel untuk memastikan pelaksanaan program yang optimal.
IMPLEMENTASI FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN MODERN DAN FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN KI HADJAR DEWANTARA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KIMIA
Authors: WIJAYA I KOMANG WISNU BUDI , ATMADJA ANANTAWIKRAMA TUNGGA , SUASTRA I WAYAN , TIKA I NYOMAN
Published: December 2024

Educational philosophy has always been the basis for formulating educational policies. Currently, educational philosophy has developed modern philosophical schools including progressivism, essentialism and perennialism. Apart from that, the Indonesian people also have the educational philosophy of Ki Hadjar Dewantara. This research aims to analyze the implementation of modern educational philosophy and Ki Hadjar Dewantara's philosophy in chemistry learning. This research is included in library research. Library sources come from books, journals and other literature related to chemistry learning, modern educational philosophy and Ki Hadjar Dewantara. Data were analyzed using content analysis techniques. The research results show that the implementation of modern educational philosophy can be carried out with student-centered learning, 21st century learning, local wisdom-based learning, character education and learning that touches cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects.
ABSTRAKFilsafat pendidikan selalu menjadi dasar dalam merumuskan kebijakan pendidikan. Saat ini filsafat pendidikan sudah berkembang aliran filsafat modern meliputi progresivisme, esensialisme dan perenialisme. Selain itu bangsa Indonesia juga memiliki aliran filsafat pendidikan Ki Hadjar Dewantara. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis implementasi filsafat pendidikan modern dan filsafat Ki Hadjar Dewantara dalam pembelajaran kimia. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian kepustakaan. Sumber pustaka berasal dari buku, jurnal dan pustaka lain yang berkaitan dengan pembelajaran kimia, filsafat pendidikan modern dan Ki Hadjar Dewantara. Data dianalisi dengan teknik analisis isi. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa implementasi filsafat pendidikan modern dapat dilakukan dengan pembelajaran berpusat siswa, pembelajaran abad ke-21, pembelajaran berbasis kearifan lokal, pendidikan karakter serta pembelajaran yang menyentuh aspek kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE JIGSAW UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS
Authors: ALFIYAH MEISYAFAATUL , WIDIYONO AAN
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze the effect of the Jigsaw cooperative learning model on improving students' critical thinking skills. Critical thinking is very important in everyday life and must be emphasized in education. To develop this skill, students need interesting and diverse classroom strategies. However, elementary school students often do not develop critical thinking, as seen in SDN 5 Keling, which uses traditional methods such as LKS and lectures. This approach is not effective in improving critical thinking. The researcher proposes the use of the Jigsaw cooperative learning model as a solution to improve these skills. This study uses a pretest-posttest experimental method. Data were collected through critical thinking ability tests conducted before and after the implementation of the learning model. Data analysis was carried out using the N-gain test, normality test, homogeneity test and paired sample t-test were used to determine significant differences between pretest and posttest scores. The results showed that there was a significant increase in students' critical thinking skills after the implementation of the Jigsaw model. It can be concluded that the Jigsaw cooperative learning model is effective in improving students' critical thinking skills.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw terhadap peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Berpikir kritis sangat penting dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan harus ditekankan dalam pendidikan. Untuk mengembangkan keterampilan ini, siswa memerlukan strategi kelas yang menarik dan beragam. Namun, siswa sekolah dasar seringkali tidak mengembangkan pemikiran kritis, seperti yang terlihat di SDN 5 Keling, yang menggunakan metode tradisional seperti LKS dan ceramah. Pendekatan ini tidak efektif meningkatkan pemikiran kritis. Peneliti mengusulkan penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw sebagai solusi untuk meningkatkan keterampilan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen pretest-posttest, Data dikumpulkan melalui tes kemampuan berpikir kritis yang dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah penerapan model pembelajaran. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji N-gain, uji normalitas, uji homogenitas dan uji paired sample t-test digunakan untuk menentukan perbedaan signifikan antara nilai pretest dan posttest. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa yang signifikan setelah penerapan model Jigsaw, Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa.
TRENDS OF COMPUTATIONAL THINKING RESEARCH IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AREA: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: KURNIAWAN ARIS , KUSWANTO HERU , NABA SUL DAENG , SYAR NUR INAYAH
Published: December 2024

This study aims to map the evolution of research on computational thinking (CT) within the context of science and technology, with a particular focus on science education and physics learning. Through a content analysis of a corpus of scholarly publications from 2015 to 2023, this study seeks to identify annual trends in research on computational thinking and computational thinking skills in the context of science and technology, with a deeper exploration of the context of science education and physics learning. A content analysis guide was employed as the research instrument. In synthesizing the articles, four main aspects were examined: (1) the number of publications per year, (2) research subject areas, (3) research types, and (4) the treatments and variables measured in computational thinking research in science education and physics learning. An analysis of the number of publications, research areas, methodologies, treatments, measured variables, and findings revealed a significant increase in interest in CT in 2022, particularly in the social sciences. Quasi-experimental research emerged as the dominant approach, with a focus on developing and evaluating learning interventions that integrate CT. The use of technology in computational thinking activities to enhance students' computational thinking skills in science education and physics learning was highlighted. The findings of this study have important implications for future research, such as expanding the diversity of research methodologies, delving deeper into CT instruments and data analysis techniques, conducting more in-depth studies on technology products designed to enhance computational thinking skills, and exploring a wider range of learning contexts.
A TEORIA DO DIREITO DE LON FULLER E O ESTADO DE DIREITO
Authors: Sousa Anibal Castro de
Published: December 2024

Este artigo pretende discorrer sobre a teoria do direito de Lon Fuller, conhecida como a “moralidade interna do direito”, que teve seu desenvolvimento a partir de um acalorado debate com H.L.A.Hart — documentado em dois artigos publicados pela Harvard Law Review e que continuou com algumas respostas e réplicas em livros publicados pelos autores nos anos subsequentes. No debate, discutiu-se, entre outras coisas, sobre se havia efetivamente um sistema jurídico na Alemanha nazista e como o direito Alemão do pós-guerra deveria ser interpretado para os atos ocorridos no Reich. Analisamos a teoria de Fuller, tendo a teoria de Hart como paradigma crítico, para propor sua utilização como fundamento teórico para os pressupostos necessários a serem utilizados pelo Estado-Juiz para fundamentar e justificar a decisão judicial, no contexto do Estado Democrático de Direito.
ELDORADO DO SUL – UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA ACERCA DE UMA CIDADE DEVASTADA. O LUTO DAS PERDAS INVISÍVEIS: A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA PSICOLOGIA NO PROCESSO DE LUTO ACERCA DE UMA CIDADE DEVASTADA
Authors: Almeida Karen Roberta Souza de , Silva Diego da
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo tem por objetivo o foco das problemáticas psicológicas, e a contribuição da psicologia, a qual pode ser de suma importância, quando utilizada de maneira humanizada, visando o contexto das catástrofes naturais e suas consequências, com o intuito de trazer à tona a problemática de uma cidade inteira devastada por uma catástrofe natural. O presente trabalho preocupa-se em expor as angústias a cerca de um luto coletivo, mas outrora chamado de luto invisível, o qual ocorre através das perdas de bens materiais, em muitos os casos, sendo comparado e minimizado frente a perda de vida. O principal intuito, trata-se em levar o leitor a uma leitura em ordem cronológica acerca dos fatos ocorridos na cidade de Eldorado do Sul, duramente o mês de maio, onde a cidade foi completamente devastada pela enchente, desolando seus moradores e desocupando centenas de residências. Preocupa-se também, em analisar o luto pela perspectiva psicanalista, e o manejo do luto em questão, intitulado como ‘’ luto das perdas invisíveis,’’ elaborando através da psicanálise, os meios de manejo para lidar com a dor e sofrimento ocasionado por tamanha catástrofe. Neste artigo também estão expostas de forma cronológicas, tamanhas perdas relacionadas a cidade intitulada como a cidade mais atingida pela enchente do rio grande do Sul, visando demonstrar as intempéries por trás de uma cidade submersa pelas águas e seu rastro psicológico de destruição, visando a contribuição da psicologia neste processo de elaboração do luto.
GERENCIAMENTO DE RH ATRAVÉS DE SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÃO: OS FATORES DE SUCESSO DO SISTEMA SÓLIDES
Authors: Silva Maria Eduarda Baraúna da , Cruz Ana Karolina Pereira da , Hoelz José Carlos
Published: December 2024

Os sistemas de informação, especialmente o sistema Sólides, são essenciais para a gestão de pessoas nas empresas, pois centralizam as informações e a comunicação empresarial, otimizando os processos na área de Recursos Humanos. Este artigo apresenta a utilização do sistema, com profissionais de Recursos Humanos da 'empresa X', uma pequena empresa em Ferraz de Vasconcelos, que identificaram fatores de sucesso na utilização do sistema Sólides. A pesquisa qualitativa envolveu 2 profissionais responsáveis pelos planejamentos estratégicos e processos da área. O objetivo da pesquisa foi entender as suas perspectivas e estratégias sobre o sistema. Os resultados mostraram que a propaganda do serviço foi decisiva na escolha, enquanto o treinamento oferecido é um ponto a ser melhorado. A falta de conhecimento e preparo para usar o sistema foi uma questão a ser desenvolvida, mas também serviu como impulso para a proatividade e aprendizado prático dos profissionais. Além disso, foram destacados fatores de sucesso como a centralização das informações, aumento da produtividade e eficiência, melhoria na comunicação, feedback contínuo e integração dos processos, que levam pequenas e médias empresas a aderir.
ATENDIMENTO DE ENFERMAGEM ÀS MULHERES VÍTIMAS DE VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA: DESAFIOS E ESTRATÉGIAS
Authors: Saraiva Samara Rodrigues , Silva Macerlane de Lira , Oliveira Geane Silva , Feitosa Ankilma do Nascimento Andrade , Medeiros Renata Lívia Silva Fonseca Moreira de , Macedo Sâmya Flavya Nascimento
Published: December 2024

Introdução A violência doméstica consiste numa complexa problemática de natureza social, como também de saúde pública, necessitando ser amplamente debatida e combatida através de políticas públicas eficientes, surgindo a Lei Maria da Penha como importante instrumento legal para a defesa da mulher. Sendo importante destacar a importância da equipe de enfermagem no seu acolhimento, através de uma assistência humanizada e sobretudo respeitosa e ética. Tendo como objetivos: Caracterizar os tipos de violência doméstica; Analisar as estratégias para o atendimento de mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica; Discutir o panorama da violência doméstica contra a mulher. Aspectos Metodológicos: Como percurso metodológico, tem-se a Revisão Integrativa de Literatura, desenvolvida por meio da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), por meio dos Descritores de Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): “Atendimento do Enfermeiro”, “Violência doméstica”, “Vítimas de Violência Doméstica”. Sendo utilizados como critérios de inclusão trabalhos completos, tais como artigos, teses e dissertações, publicados nos últimos cinco anos em Língua Portuguesa, Inglesa ou Espanhola, sendo excluídos aqueles que sejam incompletos ou que tenham mais de cinco anos de publicação. Resultados e discussões: O levantamento bibliográfico apontou para o fato de que a violência doméstica se apresenta como uma problemática grave e complexa, que necessita de políticas públicas efetivas para sua prevenção e enfrentamento, surgindo nesse contexto a atenção primária como porta de entrada, acolhimento e escuta da mulher vítima de violência doméstica. Conclusões: É possível concluir que o enfermeiro apresenta relevante papel no atendimento de mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica, em especial na Atenção Primária à Saúde, atuando na escuta e acolhimento desta mulher e a encaminhamento para os demais pontos da assistência, no entanto é necessário que se destaque os desafios na assistência da mulher vítima de violência doméstica, seja pela falta de preparo, por preconceitos ou ainda pelo fato de por vezes a própria mulher não admitir a violência sofrida, prejudicando o seu devido andamento, tanto no âmbito assistencial como jurídico.
Méthodes avancées pour les séries temporelles InSAR
Authors: HO TONG MINH Dinh , HANSSEN Ramon , DOIN Marie-Pierre , PATHIER Erwan
Published: December 2024

La plupart des méthodes exploitant les séries temporelles InSAR (interférométrie radar) présentent des caractéristiques similaires qui permettent de les classer en deux catégories de techniques. La première catégorie de techniques est basée sur des réflecteurs distribués (DS) pour la surveillance des déformations. Une façon courante de réduire la décorrélation des signaux consiste à sélectionner des interférogrammes avec des lignes de base spatiales et temporelles courtes (technique des small baselines subset, SBAS). La seconde catégorie est celle de l’approche PS (permanent/persistant scatterers), qui utilise des réflecteurs individuels dominant le signal à l’intérieur d’une cellule de résolution pour suivre la déformation dans le temps. Une technique avancée récente nous permet de combiner à la fois les PS et les DS pour surmonter la rareté des points identifiés pour l’estimation (technique PSDS combinant réflecteurs persistants et distribués). Ce chapitre décrit les deux principales familles de techniques InSAR de séries temporelles (SBAS et PSDS).
Assessing future ice-sheet variability for long-term safety of deep geological repositories
Authors: Liakka Johan , Lord Natalie S. , Kennedy-Asser Alan , Lunt Daniel J. , Williams Charles J. R. , Näslund Jens-Ove
Published: December 2024

Abstract. In many regions considered for deep geological repositories (DGR) for nuclear waste, repeated glaciations could occur within the time frame relevant to their long-term post-closure safety (up to 1 million years; Myr). Ice sheets can affect the long-term safety of a DGR by elevating the hydrostatic pressure at DGR depth, altering groundwater flow and chemistry, influencing the frequency and severity of earthquakes, and causing surface bedrock erosion. Therefore, DGR safety assessments must account for uncertainties in future ice-sheet variability, including the timing, frequency and duration of ice sheets at the DGR site. Using coupled ice sheet-climate models to constrain uncertainties in ice-sheet variability over the next 1 Myr is not feasible due to the long timescales involved and substantial computational requirements. Instead, we propose a simplified methodology to assess future ice-sheet variability at potential DGR sites using reconstructions of past ice sheets and global simulations of future climate change. The simulations are conducted using a conceptual climate model driven by changes in insolation and atmospheric CO2 concentrations resulting from anthropogenic emissions. The model is calibrated with 500 000 years (500 kyr) of climate proxy data inferred from deep-ocean sediments. Applying this methodology to the planned Swedish DGR site intended for disposal of spent nuclear fuel in Forsmark suggests that the onset of the next glaciation at the site will not occur until 100 kyr after present, even in the absence of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, anthropogenic emissions have the potential to delay the next glaciation in Forsmark by several hundred thousand additional years. Following the initial glaciation, our results suggest that the frequency and duration of subsequent glaciations in Forsmark resemble those observed over the last 800 kyr. Considering uncertainties in anthropogenic emissions and future climate evolution, a wide range of possible future glacial developments is identified. At the extremes of this uncertainty range – developments with a low likelihood of occurrence but relevant for evaluating the robustness of the DGR – we find that Forsmark could experience ice-sheet coverage for nearly half of the next 1 Myr or remain almost entirely ice-free throughout this period. The proposed methodology is easy to implement and applicable to any potential DGR site with a recorded history of glaciations.
On the use of lithogenic tracer measurements in aerosols to constrain dust deposition fluxes to the ocean southeast of Australia
Authors: Hird Claudia , Perron Morgane M. G. , Holmes Thomas M. , Meyerink Scott , Nielsen Christopher , Townsend Ashley T. , de Caritat Patrice , Strzelec Michal , Bowie Andrew R.
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Australia contributes a significant amount of dust-borne nutrients (including iron) to the Southern Ocean, which can stimulate marine primary productivity. A quantitative assessment of the variability in dust fluxes from Australia to the surrounding ocean is therefore important for investigating the impact of atmospheric deposition on the Southern Ocean's carbon cycle. In this study, lithogenic trace metals (aluminium, iron, thorium, and titanium) contained in aerosols collected between 2016 and 2021 from kunanyi / Mount Wellington in lutruwita / Tasmania (Australia) were used to estimate dust deposition fluxes. Lithogenic fluxes were calculated using each tracer individually, as well as an average using all four tracers. This latter approach enabled an assessment of the uncertainty associated with flux calculations using only individual tracers. Elemental ratios confirmed the lithogenic nature of each tracer in aerosols when compared with both Australian soil samples and the average Earth's upper continental crust. Lithogenic flux estimates showed annual dust deposition maxima during the austral summer, following the Australian dust storm season, and annual minimum deposition flux over winter. The data provided here will help to constrain model estimates of Southern Hemisphere atmospheric deposition fluxes and their subsequent impact on global ocean biogeochemical cycles.
Particulate inorganic carbon quotas by coccolithophores in low oxygen/low pH waters off the Southeast Pacific margin
Authors: Díaz-Rosas Francisco Javier , Vargas Cristian Antonio , von Dassow Peter
Published: December 2024

Abstract. A predicted consequence of ocean acidification is its negative effect on the pools of Particulate Inorganic Carbon (PIC) that are essential for ‘ballasting’ the sinking of organic carbon, potentially leading to decreased subsurface oxygen. To explore such possible feedbacks, we investigated the relationships between PIC, coccolithophores, carbonate chemistry, and dissolved oxygen in the Southeast Pacific open ocean oxygen minimum zone, which naturally exhibits extremely low dissolved oxygen, low pH, and high pCO2 levels. Measurements of PIC and coccolithophore counts during late-spring 2015 and mid-summer 2018 revealed that coccolithophores, particularly Gephyrocapsa (Emiliania) huxleyi, significantly contributed to PIC through the shedding of coccoliths in the upper waters. On average, about a half of the PIC was attributed to countable coccoliths, with significantly diminished quotas observed below the euphotic depth. Temperature, oxygen, and pH were identified as key variables influencing PIC variation. PIC quotas were similar to those reported in other upwelling zones. However, PIC:POC ratios were substantially lower than what has been reported both in other open ocean and coastal margin areas, an effect that was more pronounced within the vertically defined oxygen minimum zone core. This study contributes to understanding the role of coccolithophores in PIC pools and suggests that the presence of low O2/low pH subsurface waters does not inhibit coccolithophore PIC quotas but may decrease the role of PIC in ballasting the export of organic carbon.
A statistical global burned area model for seamless integration into Dynamic Global Vegetation Models
Authors: Kavhu Blessing , Forrest Matthew , Hickler Thomas
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Fire-enabled Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) play an essential role in predicting vegetation dynamics and biogeochemical cycles amid climate change. Modeling wildfires has been challenging in process-based biophysics-oriented DGVMs, as human behaviour plays a crucial role. This study aims to reveal a global statistical model for the relationships between biophysical and socioeconomic drivers of wildfire dynamics and monthly burned area (BA) that can be integrated into DGVMs. We developed Generalised Linear Models (GLMs) to capture the relationships between potential predictor variables that are simulated by DGVMs and/or available in future scenarios and the latest global burned area product from GFED5. Predictor variables were chosen to represent aspects of fire weather, vegetation structure and activity, human land use and behaviour and topography. The final model was chosen by minimizing collinearity and by maximizing model performance in terms of reproducing observations. The final model included eight predictor variables encompassing the Fire Weather Index (FWI), a novel Gross Primary Productivity Index (GPPI), Human Development Index (HDI), Population Density (PPN), Percentage Tree Cover (PTC), Percentage Non-Tree Cover (PNTC), Number of Dry Days (NDD), and Topographic Positioning Index (TPI). Given its simplicity, our model demonstrated a remarkable capability, explaining 56.8 % of the burnt area variability, comparable to other state-of-the-art global fire models. FWI, PTC, TPI and PNTC were positively related to BA, while GPPI, HDI, PPN, and NDD were negatively related to wildfire. While the model effectively predicted the spatial distribution of burned areas (NME = 0.72), its standout performance lay in capturing the seasonal variability, especially in regions often characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons, notably southern Africa, Australia and parts of South America (R2 > 0.50). Our model reveals the robust predictive power of fire weather and vegetation dynamics emerging as reliable predictors of seasonal global fire patterns. The presented model should be compatible with most, if not all, DGVMs used to develop future scenarios.
Technical Note: Influence of building representation in flood hydrodynamic modelling: the case of the 2021 Ahr valley flood
Authors: Khosh Bin Ghomash Shahin , Devi Nallasamy Nithila , Apel Heiko
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The increasing flood risk in urban areas, driven by rising urbanization and climate change, underscores the need for accurate representation of buildings and urban features in flood hydrodynamic models. This study investigates the impact of different building representation techniques on flood hydrodynamic and impact modeling, using the 2021 flood event in the Ahr Valley, Germany. Three methods—Building Block (BB), Building Hole (BH), and Building Resistance (BR)—are applied across varying model resolutions to assess their influence on flood extent, water depths, and flow velocities. Our findings reveal that building representation can affect both flood extent and flow dynamics. The Building Block and Building Hole approaches generally lead to larger flooded areas with deeper water and higher velocities, while increased resistance or omitting buildings results in smaller flood extents, shallower water, and slower flow. Additionally, we show a strong link between building representation and model resolution. At coarser resolutions, the Building Hole method produces the most accurate flood extents, while the increased resistance method performs better at finer scales. Our findings show that at coarser resolutions, the choice of building representation is more critical, with larger differences in flood extent across setups. We show that while all methods produce acceptable flood extents, variations in water depths and velocities highlight the importance of choosing the right building representation for accurate flood impact calculations. These variations are vital for flood impact assessments, especially in dense urban areas. Our results emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate building representation methods based on model resolution to enhance urban flood modeling and impact assessment accuracy.
Uncovering soil compaction: performance of electrical and electromagnetic geophysical methods
Authors: Carrera Alberto , Peruzzo Luca , Longo Matteo , Cassiani Giorgio , Morari Francesco
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Monitoring soil structure is of paramount importance due to its key role in the critical zone as the foundation of terrestrial life. Variations in the arrangement of soil components significantly influence its hydro-mechanical properties and therefore its impact on the surrounding ecosystem. In this context, soil compaction resulting from inappropriate agricultural practices not only affects soil ecological functions, but also decreases the water-use efficiency of plants by reducing porosity and increasing water loss through superficial runoff and enhanced evaporation. In this study, we compared the ability of electric and electromagnetic geophysical methods, i.e., electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and frequency-domain electromagnetic (FDEM) method, to assess the effects caused by both heavy plastic soil deformations generated by a super-heavy vehicle and the more common tractor tramlines on silty-loam soils. We then tested correlations between geophysical response and soil variables (i.e., penetration resistance, bulk density, and volumetric water content on collected samples) at different homogeneous areas defined by k-means clustering. This work is intended to be a contribution to clarify expectations about the use of geophysical techniques to rapidly investigate soil compaction at various spatial scales, dissecting their suitability and limitations. It also aims to contribute to the methodological optimization of agrogeophysical acquisitions and data processing in order to obtain accurate soil models through a non-invasive approach. Electrical prospecting has finer spatial resolution and allows a tomographic approach, requiring higher logistic demands and the need for ground galvanic contact. On the other hand, contactless electromagnetic induction methods can be quickly used to define the distribution of electrical conductivity in the shallow subsoil in an easier way. In general, compacted soil portions are imaged as high-electrical-conductivity anomalies relative to the context. Results, validated with traditional soil characterization, show the pros and cons of both techniques and how differences in their spatial resolution heavily influence the ability to characterize compacted areas with good confidence.
Freeze–thaw processes correspond to the protection–loss of soil organic carbon through regulating pore structure of aggregates in alpine ecosystems
Authors: Wang Ruizhe , Hu Xia
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Seasonal freeze–thaw processes alter soil formation and lead to changes in soil structure of alpine ecosystems. Soil aggregates are basic soil structural units and play a crucial role in soil organic carbon (SOC) protection and microbial habitation. However, the impact of seasonal freeze–thaw processes on pore structure and their impact on SOC fractions have been overlooked. This study characterized the pore structure and SOC fractions of soil aggregates of the unstable freezing period, stable frozen period, unstable thawing period and stable thawed period in typical alpine ecosystems via a dry-sieving procedure, X-ray computed tomography scanning and elemental analysis. The results showed that pore networks of 0.25–2 mm aggregates were more vulnerable to seasonal freeze–thaw processes than those of >2 mm aggregates. The freezing process promoted the formation of >80 µm pores of aggregates. The total organic carbon, particulate organic carbon and mineral-associated organic carbon contents of aggregates were high in the stable frozen period and dropped dramatically in the unstable thawing period, demonstrating that the freezing process was positively associated with SOC accumulation, while SOC loss featured in the early stage of thawing. The vertical distribution of SOC of aggregates was more uniform in the stable frozen period than in other periods. Pore equivalent diameter was the most important structural characteristic influencing SOC contents of aggregates. In the freezing period, the SOC accumulation might be enhanced by the formation of >80 µm pores. In the thawing period, pores of <15 µm were positively correlated with SOC concentration. Our results revealed that changes in pore structure induced by freeze–thaw processes could contribute to SOC protection of aggregates.
Reshaping Intellectual Property Scholarship from Within
Authors: Yu Peter K.
Published: December 2024

Written for the Fourth Race + IP Symposium, this Article calls for efforts to reshape intellectual property scholarship from within. Specifically, it discusses the need to develop a deeper understanding of the creators' intrinsic motivations, the inequalities of creativity and innovation within the national border, and underexplored scholarship within the intellectual property field, such as critical race intellectual property and comparative intellectual property law
Introduction: Knowledge Anti-Imperialism in a Propertied World
Authors: Vats Anjali , Vélez Martínez Sheila I.
Published: December 2024

In 2023, the University of Pittsburgh School of Law hosted the fourth Race + IP conference, with a theme of the Imperial Scholar Revisited. The most well attended Race + IP conference yet, Race +IP welcomed more than 300 registrants in person or via Zoom to consider race, colonialism, and nationalism as organizing architectures in intellectual property rights regimes in the United States and globally. This introduction situates the phrase “imperial scholar,” as coined by Professor Richard Delgado, and illustrates how it serves as a generative starting point for considering how intellectual properties, e.g., copyrights, patents, trademarks, rights of publicity, and trade secrets, are structured in domination and subordination. By foregrounding Critical Race Theory’s articulations, contemporary and historical, of “antisubordination” and “antidomination” principles alongside a vision of “abolitionist intellectual property,” it offers possible paths to imagining more liberatory forms of intellectual property and lays the conceptual groundwork for Race + IP ’25 : Abolitionist Futures.
OZONE CONTENT OVER THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE SECOND QUARTER OF 2024
Authors:   Central Aerological Observatory, IVANOVA N.S. , KUZNETSOVA I.N. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, LEZINA E.A. ,   Mosecomonitoring State Nature Protection Organization
Published: December 2024

The review is based on the results of total ozone (TO) monitoring over the CIS and Baltic countries by the system functioning in operational mode at the Central Aerological Observatory (CAO). The monitoring system uses the data from the national network equipped with M-124 filter ozonometers that is under the methodological supervision of the Main Geophysical Observatory. The quality of the functioning of the entire system is operationally controlled at CAO by the comparison with the OMI satellite equipment observations (NASA, USA). Basic TO observation data are generalized for each month of the second quarter of 2024 and for the whole second quarter. The data of surface ozone routine observations in the Moscow region are also summarized.
ON GENERATION OF AVIATION HAZARDOUS MOUNTAIN WAVES AND OPPORTUNITY OF ITS PREDICTION
Authors:   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, IVANOVA A.R.
Published: December 2024

A brief review on mountain waves affecting an aircraft flight is presented. The generation conditions of mountain waves and probable consequences of an aircraft encountering them are described. The results of in situ measurements of mountain wave characteristics are given. The results of numerical experiments related to the generation and evolution of mountain waves taking into account the flow characteristics and boundary layer features are discussed. The capabilities of numerical weather prediction models in simulating mountain waves and orographic turbulence are shown.
MODELING THE SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF WIND SPEED AND CO2 AND CH4 FLUXES OVER A HETEROGENEOUS UNDERLYING SURFACE
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, GIBADULLIN R.R. ,   Millionshchikov Grozny State Oil Technical University, MUKHARTOVA I.V. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University,   Millionshchikov Grozny State Oil Technical University, KOCHKINA M.V. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, SATOSINA E.M. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, STEPANENKO V.M. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University,   Research Computing Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, KERIMOV I.A. ,   Millionshchikov Grozny State Oil Technical University,   Shmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, GULEV S.K. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, OL'CHEV A.V. ,   Millionshchikov Grozny State Oil Technical University,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2024

The spatial variability of CO2 and CH4 fluxes at two experimental carbon supersites with non-uniform vegetation and complex topography located in the Krasnodar krai and the Chechen Republic is estimated based on the results of field measurements and model experiments. The results show a significant spatial heterogeneity of the wind speed, turbulent, eddy coefficient, and vertical CO2 and CH4 fluxes. It is influenced by complex topography and mosaic vegetation, as well as by an uneven distribution of CO2 and CH4 sources and sinks in vegetation and soil cover. It has been shown that on the summer days of 2022 in similar weather conditions, both experimental sites served as sinks of greenhouse gases: the Roshni-Chu forest area in the Chechen Republic absorbed 5.18 g CO2e/(m2 hour), while the Black Sea coastal area in the Krasnodar krai absorbed only 2.95 g CO2e/(m2 hour).
“People Would Just Say, ‘That Doesn’t Exist’”: An Analysis of the Experiences of Racialized International Students as Settler Colonial, Racial, and Gendered Violence
Authors: Park Hijin , Francis Margot
Published: December 2024

A growing body of scholarship reveals that racialized international students in the West are disproportionately vulnerable to exploitation and violence on and off university and college campuses, and in public and private spaces. This harm may be due to the actions of individuals (such as landlords, employers, fellow international students, non-international student classmates, professors, strangers, and members of their ethnic communities), as well as the policies and inaction of institutions and governments. These institutional and systemic factors include precarious immigration status and visa and immigration requirements, unregulated homestay programs, unregulated tuition fees, and the intersections of racism, sexism, xenophobia, and Islamophobia. This paper draws on interviews with racialized international students and university employees who provide services to international students at a comprehensive university in Ontario, Canada, and argues that the everyday and structural violence the students may face is best understood as constitutive of the violence of White settler colonialism.
The Portrayal and Branding of British Columbia Offshore Schools on Provincial Government Websites
Authors: Alexander Ian , Werbitsky Laura
Published: December 2024

This article examines how British Columbia (BC) portrays its offshore school program on its government websites. BC offshore schools currently operate in 11 countries, teaching the provincial curriculum to students from the local host country. Our critical discourse analysis of BC provincial government websites and videos shows that the curriculum is portrayed as a brand and the program’s rationales and goals are inconsistent. BC portrays its curriculum as a global brand that is more progressive, modern, and worldly than the countries that host offshore schools. However recent BC curriculum initiatives, such as Indigenous perspectives and knowledge, core competencies, and place-based learning are mostly absent from the discourses on the websites and videos. Based on these findings, we propose that BC revisit the rationalization for the offshore school program and how it is officially portrayed because the portrayal of curriculum as a branded product blurs the lines between public and private spaces.