bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Programa computacional para dimensionar colunas de madeira
Authors: De Paiva Sampaio Carlos Augusto , Do Prado Giuliani
Published: May 2018

A madeira é um material largamente utilizado ao longo da história, atendendo às mais diferentes finalidades, desde a produção de energia até o emprego na construção rural e urbana. Os cálculos de estruturas de madeira possuem certo nível de complexidade, o que gera dificuldades aos usuários, sejam profissionais liberais ou de instituições de ensino. Objetivou-se neste trabalho desenvolver em um único aplicativo os cálculos para se determinar as cargas e as áreas transversais de colunas de madeira. As funções e os procedimentos utilizados nos cálculos baseiam-se em equações válidas para índice de esbeltez até de 140. Dentro dos limites especificados, o aplicativo MADPILAR promove flexibilidade ao projeto, diminuindo tempo de cálculo e erros, além de ser uma ferramenta de facilitação aos usuários.
AUXÍLIO DA TOMOGRAFIA COMPUTADORIZADA E DA RINOSCOPIA NO DIAGNÓSTICO DAS AFECÇÕES NASAIS DE CÃES: REVISÃO
Authors: De Assis Bueno Auler Fernanda , Marques de Oliveira-Barros Leda , Brandão de Campos Fonseca Pinto Ana Carolina , Stopiglia Angelo João
Published: May 2018

As afecções nasais em cães possuem causas variadas e algumas vezes cursam com sinusites, sendo raros os casos em que não há doença nasal pré-existente. O diagnóstico presuntivo é baseado em manifestações clínicas. Entre as afecções nasais caninas mais comuns estão a rinite inflamatória, a rinite bacteriana, a rinite fúngica, a neoplasia, o corpo estranho, o trauma, a rinite parasitária e a rinite secundária às afecções dentárias. A tomografia computadorizada e a rinoscopia, quando associadas, auxiliam no diagnóstico, na melhor compreensão da doença e no favorecimento da escolha do tratamento. Esta revisão tem como objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento da utilização da tomografia e da rinoscopia no diagnóstico das afecções nasais em cães.
PERFIL DA PRODUÇÃO E DESTINO DOS DEJETOS DE SUÍNOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO JOSÉ DOS PINHAIS
Authors: Catapan Dariane Cristina , Neiva de Carvalho Ruy Inacio , Catapan Anderson
Published: May 2018

São José dos Pinhais é um município localizado na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba, com 254.556 habitantes e a participação de 1.241 produtores rurais, sendo que, dentro desse universo, 261 são criadores de suínos, com um total de 1.759 animais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o perfil da produção e o destino dos dejetos de suínos dessas propriedades. O trabalho foi desenvolvido mediante visitas técnicas em dez granjas produtoras de suínos, nas quais foram realizados o levantamento e a análise de dados sobre o destino dos dejetos e registro de fotos. Todos os 261 produtores de suínos responderam um questionário sobre o destino de dejetos. Verificou-se que 53% dos produtores lançam os dejetos de seus animais diretamente na lavoura,sem tratamento prévio. A localidade com maior rebanho de suínos no ano de 2010 foi a de Cotia. Este trabalho possibilitou analisar a produção de suínos em São José dos Pinhais (PR), avaliar o destino dos dejetos everificar a densidade animal por região geográfica do município.
Antibiograma como análise da sensibilidade in vitro de Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis de caprinos
Authors: Silva Lopes Clarissa Vitória , Rocha Guimarães Rosa Marialice , Ribeiro dos Santos Mirna , Pereira Curvelo Victor , Pedreira da Cunha Daniel , Farias Guerra Eduardo , Costa Alves da Silva Maurício , Pires de Matos Pinheiro Darcy , Bahia Cerqueira Robson
Published: May 2018

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis é um microrganismo Gram-positivo, imóvel, não esporulado, de importânciana Medicina Veterinária por se tratar do agente etiológico da linfadenite caseosa. Esta é uma doença infecciosa crônica de distribuição mundial que acomete, principalmente, caprinos e ovinos. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o perfil de sensibilidade antimicrobiana in vitro de 41 isolados de Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis de caprinos de regiões do semiárido baiano frente a 20 antimicrobianos. Encontrou-se 100% de cepas sensíveis à florfenicol; 93% à tetraciclina; 88% à norfloxacina, enrofloxacina, gentamicina, tobramicina, bacitracina e azitromicina; 85% à clindamicina, cefalexina e eritromicina; 83% à ciprofloxacina, penicilina G, rifampicina e cefaclor; 80% a sulfazotrim; 78% à ampicilina; 71% à estreptomicina; 63% à ceftriaxona e 2% à novobiocina. Observou-se diferença no perfil de sensibilidade entre linhagens bacterianas laboratoriais e selvagens, sendo estas últimas mais resistentes. Concluiu-se que as linhagens laboratoriais foram resistentes à novobiocina e as linhagens selvagens apresentaram maior resistência à novobiocina, estreptomicina e ceftriaxona.
Silagem biológica de resíduos de peixe em dietas para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo
Authors: Honorato Claucia Aparecida , Stech Márcia Regina , Carneiro Dalton José
Published: May 2018

A silagem biológica de resíduo de pescado é um produto que pode solucionar os problemas de resíduos da indústria processadora de pescado e auxiliar na diminuição do custo das dietas. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o nível de proteína e a porcentagem de inclusão de silagem biológica de resíduo de peixe (SBR) nas dietas para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Para o ensaio biológico, foram utilizados 180 alevinos de tilápia distribuídos em 18 aquários, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos em esquema fatorial 3 x 2, correspondendo a três níveis de proteína bruta (20%, 24% e 28%) e duas porcentagens de inclusão de silagem biológica de resíduo de tilápia (25% ou 50% do nível de proteína da dieta) com três repetições. O desempenho foi influenciado pela interação entre níveis de proteína e níveis de inclusão de silagem nas dietas. Em peixes alimentados com 50% SBR, as dietas com 24% e 28% de proteína proporcionaram os melhores resultados de desempenho. Os peixes alimentados com a ração com nível de inclusão de 50% SBR apresentaram melhor taxa de eficiência proteica e aumento da eficiência de retenção de proteína bruta e proteína bruta no ganho em peso. Concluiu-se que para juvenis de tilápia do Nilo recomenda-se utilizar dietas com 24% de proteína bruta com 50% do teor proteico proveniente da silagem biológica de resíduo de pescado.
Comportamento e preferência alimentar de éguas da raça Mangalarga Marchador alimentadas com silagens de milho, sorgo e hermártria
Authors: Melo Helen Aline , Dittrich João Ricardo , Swaroski Dayana , Bettega Moressi Gabriela , Salles Cabreira Rafael , Gazda Tatiana Louise , Gomes Monteiro Alda Lúcia , De Oliveira Simone Gisele , Locatelli Dittrich Rosangela , Palhano Silva Ana Luisa
Published: May 2018

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o comportamento alimentar de éguas Mangalarga Marchador alimentadas com silagens de milho (SM), sorgo (SS) e hemártria com melaço e fubá (SH). O trabalho foi composto de dois ensaios. No primeiro, seis éguas foram alimentadas em duplas com uma das três silagens por nove dias em quadrado latino (3 x 3). No segundo, as éguas tiveram livre acesso às silagens fornecidas em recipiente próprio por duas horas em dois dias. O consumo (MS/100 kg PV) foi de 1,74% para SM, 1,90% SS e 3,06% SH. O tempo de consumo entre SM, SS e SH foi semelhante no primeiro ensaio (p > 0,05); 9h, 10h16 e 10h para SM, SS e SH, respectivamente. A ingestão de SH foi maior (p < 0,05) em função do tamanho da partícula e da adição de melaço. No segundo ensaio, o tempo de ingestão das silagens foi de 32,16% (SM), 11,66% (SS) e 56,18% (SH). O tempo destinado à ingestão diária de silagem pelos equinos foi semelhante no dia e entre períodos de avaliação, diurnos e noturnos, independentemente do tamanho da partícula, do conteúdo energético e da composição química das silagens. Éguas da raça Mangalarga Marchador preferem e consomem maiores quantidades de silagens com partículas de menor tamanho e confeccionadas com melaço.
Influência das afecções de casco, cetose, lipidose hepática e outras sobre o desempenho reprodutivo de vacas leiteiras de elevada produção
Authors: Godinho da Silva Gilmar , Ernandes Kozicki Luiz , Grebogi Alceu Miguel , Saporski Segui Marcio , Weiss Romildo Romualdo , Lopes Borges Hugo , Gaievski Francisco
Published: May 2018

O presente estudo objetivou verificar a influência da cetose, das afecções de casco, da lipidose hepática, do deslocamento de abomaso, do cisto folicular ovariano e de endometrite sobre o desempenho reprodutivo de vacas leiteiras de elevada produção e sobre a taxa de descarte animal. Foram levantados dados individuais relativos a 2008, 2009 e 2010, de vacas da raça Holandesa Preta e Branca com produção média de leite de 10.750 litros/305 dias/vaca. Dois grupos (G) de animais foram constituídos: o G1 (enfermos, n = 38) constou de animais acometidos por uma ou mais afecções, como cetose clínica, afecções de casco (laminite), lipidose hepática, deslocamento de abomaso, cisto folicular ovariano ou endometrite; e o G2, formado por animais sadios (n = 25). No tratamento estatístico dos dados foram utilizados os testes do Qui-Quadrado e o de Mann-Whitney. Os resultados demonstraram a incidência de, respectivamente, 68,4%; 23,6%; 15,7%;13,1%; 15,7% e 7,8% de cetose, afecções de casco, lipidose hepática, deslocamento de abomaso, cisto folicular ovariano e endometrite. Houve diferença de incidência entre a cetose e as outras afecções citadas (p < 0,05). Ocorreu, nesta ordem, maior número de serviços/prenhez, maior taxa de descarte de animais, maior intervalo parto/concepção para as variáveis cetose, afecções de casco, lipidose hepática e cisto folicular ovariano (p < 0,05), deslocamento de abomaso e endometrite (p > 0,05) nos animais enfermos do que nos sadios. A taxa de prenhez entre os grupos foi de 78,9% e 92,0%, respectivamente, para os animais enfermos e sadios (p > 0,05). Concluiu-se que as afecções pesquisadas no pós-parto reduziram a performance reprodutiva dos animais enfermos em relação aos sadios, destacando-se os cistos foliculares, as afecções de casco, a cetose e a lipidose hepática sobre o intervalo parto/concepção (p < 0,05), além do deslocamento do abomaso e das endometrites (p > 0,05); e que os animais enfermos tiveram maior número de serviços/prenhez, maior taxa de descarte (p < 0,05) e menor taxa de prenhez (p > 0,05).
Avaliação física de ovos comerciais de diferentes espécies de aves
Authors: Neto Alves de Oliveira Emanuel , Nobre Martins Joabis , Da Costa Santos Dyego
Published: May 2018

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar e comparar as características físicas de ovos comerciais. Os experimentos foram conduzidos com ovos brancos de galinha de granja (GB) e vermelhos (GV), galinha caipira (CP1 e CP2), pata (PT1 e PT2) e galinha da Angola (AG1 e AG2), avaliando-se as cascas, albúmens, gemas inteiras e homogeneizadas e mistura do albúmen e gema. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: massa individual, diâmetro transversal e longitudinal, coloração (luminosidade e intensidade de vermelho e amarelo) e textura (adesividade e compressão). Verificou-se que a massa individual variou de 38,08 (AG2) a 72,38 g (PT1). Os maiores diâmetros transversais foram encontrados nos tratamentos PT1 (45,50 mm) e GB (45,00 mm). Os ovos dos tratamentos GV, GB e CP1 apresentaram as maiores porcentagens de albúmen, e os tratamentos PT1 e PT2, as maiores porcentagens de gema. As maiores luminosidades foram verificadas nas cascas dos tratamentos GB, AG1, PT1 e PT2. Os valores de intensidade de amarelo variaram de 2,54 (casca do tratamento GB) a 99,57 (mix do tratamento CP1). Quanto à textura, os valores de adesividade variaram de -12,33 (albúmen do tratamento CP1) a -71,53 N (gema do tratamento PT2), e os de compressão variaram de 7,13 (albúmen do tratamento CP1) a 58,38 N (gema do tratamento PT1). Os tratamentos GV, GB e CP1 são recomendados para o processamento de produtos que necessitam de grandes quantidades de albúmen, enquanto que os tratamentos PT1 e PT2 são indicados para o processamento de produtos que necessitem sensorialmente de maior adesividade.
Composição tecidual do pernil de cordeiros terminados em pasto de inverno com suplementação concentrada
Authors: Machado Fernandes Maria Angela , Gomes Monteiro Alda Lúcia , Fernandes Sergio Rodrigo , Ferraz Evaristo de Paula Edson , Prado Odilei Rogerio , Gilaverte Susana , Ferreira de Souza Damaris
Published: May 2018

Este trabalho avaliou a composição tecidual do pernil de cordeiros desmamados aos 42 dias de idade média e terminados em pasto de azevém com níveis diários de suplementação concentrada (0; 1% e 2% do peso vivoe ad libitum). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Os cordeiros foram abatidos ao atingirem 32 kg de peso vivo e os pernis direitos foram dissecados em músculo, osso, gorduras subcutânea e intermuscular para cálculo do índice de musculosidade. Para cada aumento de uma unidade percentual no nível de suplementação houve acréscimo de 14,76 g no peso da gordura intermuscular, 34,61 g no da gordura total e 0,03 no índice de musculosidade do pernil. A suplementação de cordeiros desmamados terminados em pasto permitiu a obtenção de pernis com maiores quantidades de gordura intermuscular e total, e melhores índices de musculosidade.
O ENSINO DE DIDÁTICA E O APRENDIZADO DA DOCÊNCIA NA VISÃO DE PROFESSORES FORMADORES
Authors: Barreto da Cruz Giseli , André Marli
Published: May 2018

Relato de pesquisa que objetiva analisar concepções e práticas didáticas de professores formadores que atuam com Didática nos cursos de licenciatura de três universidades do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (pública federal, pública estadual e privada), visando a compreender como elas fundamentam o ensinar a ensinar. A abordagem metodológica consiste na análise de depoimentos colhidos por meio da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas conjugadas com a realização de grupos de discussão compostos de oito a dez professores de cada universidade e observação de aulas. Neste artigo, relatamos parte da pesquisa detendo-nos especificamente nos dados obtidos na universidade federal. A coleta de dados nessa instituição registra 18 entrevistas e dois grupos de discussão realizados. O quadro teórico da pesquisa é elaborado com base em Roldão (2007), Gauthier (2006) e Cochran- Smith e Lytle (1999) para discutir uma teoria sobre o aprendizado da docência; e em André et al. (2010) e Zeichner (2009) para discutir formação e conhecimento profissional docente. O artigo analisa dois aspectos do conjunto de dados da pesquisa, sendo um referente à concepção didática dos formadores, atendo-se na compreensão que desenvolvem sobre o campo didático, e outro voltado para a prática didática durante o ensino dessa disciplina, abordando o que fazem os formadores para favorecer o aprendizado da docência. Os resultados apontam que professores de Didática com experiência de ensino na educação básica e/ou que assumem a escola e a sala de aula como centro das problematizações, possuem, em seu reservatório de saberes, condições mais propícias para mobilizar e questionar seu conhecimento profissional que se mostrem mais contributivos ao aprendizado da docência.
COMUNICAÇÃO DE DIAGNÓSTICO DE SOROPOSITIVIDADE HIV E AIDS POR PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE
Authors: Massignani Lucila Matte , Rabuske Michelli Moroni , Schubert Backes Mariana , Maria Aparecida Crepaldi Maria
Published: May 2018

O estudo objetiva caracterizar as práticas de comunicação de diagnóstico de soropositividade HIV e Aids por profissionais da saúde para pré-adolescentes, adolescentes e adultos, pessoas da rede social de apoio, além de identificar dificuldades enfrentadas na comunicação do diagnóstico. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva de cunho qualitativo. Participaram da pesquisa 33 profissionais da saúde que atendiam pacientes vivendo com HIV/Aids nos locais onde a pesquisa foi realizada. O estudo mostra que embora os profissionais tenham se qualificado para trabalhar com pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids, a maior parte refere que foi por meio da experiência profissional e de vida, de cursos extracurriculares e da informalidade que aprenderam sobre a comunicação do diagnóstico de HIV/Aids, mas não estão satisfeitos com ela. Revela-se fundamental aos profissionais buscarem por estratégias que permitam que o processo de comunicação do diagnóstico seja facilitado.
REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DA VIOLÊNCIA SEXUAL NA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NACIONAL
Authors: Sagrillo Scarpati Arielle , Maria Rosa Edinete , Martins Guerra Valeschka
Published: May 2018

Esse trabalho teve como objetivo identificar as representações sociais da violência sexual con¬tra a mulher adulta na produção científica nacional sobre o tema. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, que revisou os artigos indexados na Scientific Electronic Library – Scielo dos últimos cinco anos, que continham pelo menos uma das seguintes palavras-chave: violên¬cia sexual, abuso sexual, estupro e violência contra a mulher. Primeiramente, foram mapeadas as datas de publicação, áreas de conhecimento e vinculação institucional do primeiro autor dos artigos. Em seguida, foi realizada a análise dos objetivos gerais dos artigos a partir da Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Os resultados indicam que as RS da violência sexual contra a mulher se organizam em torno do elemento Atendimento, sendo enfatizadas as publicações da área da saúde, centralizadas no Estado de São Paulo. Discute-se a ausência de publicações da Psicologia sobre o tema.
Apontamentos em pesquisas sobre formação de professores: contribuições para o debate
Authors: Paulin Romanowski Joana
Published: May 2018

O presente texto realiza uma análise sobre estudos, investigações e debates realizados por grupos de pesquisa que abordam a formação de professores. Desde a década de 1980, são realizados exames sobre as pesquisas na área de formação de professores, mapeando as tendências quanto aos assuntos e metodologia de investigação, indicando prioridades, bem como a configuração do campo, considerando teses, dissertações e trabalhos apresentados em eventos. Neste artigo são consideradas as produções coletivas como os simpósios, seminários e estados da arte em torno da pesquisa em formação de professores indicando convergências, recorrências; evidenciando apontamentos sobre o debate da pesquisa sobre o tema.
Adaptation of the canvas model as a competitive tool for the Msmes of Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacán
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G. , Casas-Cardenaz Rafael , Almanza-Jiménez Rebeca
Published: May 2018

Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises play an important role in the Mexican economy, mainly in the generation of jobs and their contribution to the gross domestic product. The national development plan 2012-2018 sees them as a strategic lever for national development and the generation of well-being. However, government support has not been sufficient, in part because of the effects of the recent global economic crisis. Therefore, it is necessary to look for different strategies that contribute to their development, avoiding their stagnation and in many cases disappearance. In response to this problem, the present research was born with the purpose of contributing to these economic units by adapting the Canvas business model as a tool that contributes to its competitiveness.
Genetic inactivation of alpha-synuclein affects embryonic development of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, but not the ventral tegmental area, in mouse brain
Authors: Tarasova Tatiana V , Lytkina Olga A , Goloborshcheva Valeria V , Skuratovskaya Larisa N , Antohin Alexandr I , Ovchinnikov Ruslan K , Kukharsky Michail S
Published: May 2018

Lesion of the dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal system is a key feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Alpha-synuclein is a protein that is a major component of Lewy bodies, histopathological hallmarks of PD, and is involved in regulation of dopamine (DA) neurotransmission. Previous studies of knockout mice have shown that inactivation of alpha-synuclein gene can lead to the reduction in number of DA neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). DA neurons of the SN are known to be the most affected in PD patients whereas DA neurons of neighboring ventral tegmental area (VTA) are much less susceptible to degeneration. Here we have studied the dynamics of changes in TH-positive cell numbers in the SN and VTA during a critical period of their embryonic development in alpha-synuclein knockout mice. This precise study of DA neurons during development of the SN revealed that not only is the number of DA neurons reduced by the end of the period of ontogenic selection, but that the way these neurons are formed is altered in alpha-synuclein knockout mice. At the same time, DA neurons in the VTA are not affected. Alpha-synuclein exerts a modulating effect on the formation of DA neurons in the SN and has no effect on the formation of DA neurons in VTA, the structure that is much less susceptible to degeneration in PD brain, suggesting a potential role of alpha-synuclein in the development of the population of DA neurons in substantia nigra.
Saving the horseshoe crab: A synthetic alternative to horseshoe crab blood for endotoxin detection
Authors: Maloney Tom , Phelan Ryan , Simmons Naira
Published: May 2018

Horseshoe crabs have been integral to the safe production of vaccines and injectable medications for the past forty years. The bleeding of live horseshoe crabs, a process that leaves thousands dead annually, is an ecologically unsustainable practice for all four species of horseshoe crab and the shorebirds that rely on their eggs as a primary food source during spring migration. Populations of both horseshoe crabs and shorebirds are in decline. This study confirms the efficacy of recombinant Factor C, a synthetic alternative that eliminates the need for animal products in endotoxin detection. Furthermore, our findings confirm that the biomedical industry can achieve a 90-percent reduction in the use of reagents derived from horseshoe crabs by using the synthetic alternative for the testing of water and other common materials used in during the manufacturing process. This represents an extraordinary opportunity for the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries to significantly contribute to the conservation of horseshoe crabs and the birds that depend on them.
Loss anticipation and outcome during theMonetary Incentive Delay Task: a neuroimaging systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dugré Jules R. , Dumais Alexandre , Bitar Nathalie , Potvin Stéphane
Published: May 2018

Background

Reward seeking and avoidance of punishment are key motivational processes. Brain-imaging studies often use theMonetary Incentive Delay Task(MIDT) to evaluate motivational processes involved in maladaptive behavior. Although the bulk of research has been done on the MIDT reward events, little is known about the neural basis of avoidance of punishment. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of brain activations during anticipation and receipt of monetary losses in healthy controls.

Methods

All functional neuro-imaging studies using the MIDT in healthy controls were retrieved using PubMed, Google Scholar & EMBASE databases. Functional neuro-imaging data was analyzed using the Seed-based d Mapping Software.

Results

Thirty-five studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 699 healthy adults. In both anticipation and loss outcome phases, participants showed large and robust activations in the bilateral striatum, (anterior) insula, and anterior cingulate gyrus relatively to Loss > Neutral contrast. Although relatively similar activation patterns were observed during the two event types, they differed in the pattern of prefrontal activations: ventro-lateral prefrontal activations were observed during loss anticipation, while medial prefrontal activations were observed during loss receipt.

Discussion

Considering that previous meta-analyses highlighted activations in the medial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex, the anterior insula and the ventral striatum, the current meta-analysis highlighted the potential specificity of the ventro-lateral prefrontal regions, the median cingulate cortex and the amygdala in the loss events. Future studies can rely on these latter results to examine the neural correlates of loss processing in psychiatric populations characterized by harm avoidance or insensitivity to punishment.
Amplifying Apoptosis Homing Nanoplatform for Tumor Theranostics
Authors: Zhao Heng , Zhou Ping , Huang Kai , Deng Guang , Zhou Zhiguo , Wang Jing , Wang Mingwei , Zhang Yingjian , Yang Hong , Yang Shiping
Published: May 2018

Nanomedicine has significantly impacted cancer theranostics. However, its efficiency is restricted by the limited enhanced permeability and retention effect of nanomaterials and insufficient density/specificity of receptors of tumor cells. Herein, an apoptosis‐homing nanoplatform based on zinc(II) dipicolylamine (ZnDPA) conjugated Fe/Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNPs/ZnDPA), which demonstrates amplified magnetic resonance signal and photothermal therapy, is developed. In an apoptotic xenograft model constructed by doxorubicin, due to the high affinity between ZnDPA and the upregulated level of phosphatidylserine on the outer surface of apoptotic cancer cells, the accumulation value of MNPs/ZnDPA is enhanced two‐fold and the tumor/muscle ratio of T2 values is decreased to 50% compared to that in the normal xenograft model. In the apoptotic xenograft model, the amplifying photothermal therapy is confirmed by the changes of the relative tumor volume and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end‐labeling staining. This nanoplatform provides a promising strategy to improve the targeting efficiency of nanoparticles and the enhancement of tumor‐targeting theranostics.
Theory‐Guided Synthesis of a Metastable Lead‐Free Piezoelectric Polymorph
Authors: Garten Lauren M. , Dwaraknath Shyam , Walker Julian , Mangum John S. , Ndione Paul F. , Park Yoonsang , Beaton Daniel A. , Gopalan Venkatraman , Gorman Brian P. , Schelhas Laura T. , Toney Michael F. , Trolier‐McKinstry Susan , Persson Kristin A. , Ginley David S.
Published: May 2018

Many technologically critical materials are metastable under ambient conditions, yet the understanding of how to rationally design and guide the synthesis of these materials is limited. This work presents an integrated approach that targets a metastable lead‐free piezoelectric polymorph of SrHfO3. First‐principles calculations predict that the previous experimentally unrealized, metastable P4mm phase of SrHfO3 should exhibit a direct piezoelectric response (d33) of 36.9 pC N−1 (compared to d33 = 0 for the ground state). Combining computationally optimized substrate selection and synthesis conditions lead to the epitaxial stabilization of the polar P4mm phase of SrHfO3 on SrTiO3. The films are structurally consistent with the theory predictions. A ferroelectric‐induced large signal effective converse piezoelectric response of 5.2 pm V−1 for a 35 nm film is observed, indicating the ability to predict and target multifunctionality. This illustrates a coupled theory‐experimental approach to the discovery and realization of new multifunctional polymorphs.
Facile Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Nanocomposite Coatings Based on Water‐Based Emulsion Latex
Authors: Yang Jixiang , Liang Huiyun , Zeng Liheng , Liu Shuai , Guo Tianying
Published: May 2018

To prepare water‐based superhydrophobic coatings with excellent properties would be of great significance, but it remains difficult to solve the problems of uneven dispersion of hydrophobic modified inorganic nanofillers in water and poor interfacial compatibility between hydrophilic inorganic nanofillers and polymer matrix in the film. Herein a novel and green technology is reported to disperse dodecyltriethoxysilane in water‐based polymer system uniformly by adsorbing it on the surface of emulsion latex particles first. Then after silica nanoparticles being introduced into the system, the hydrophobic modification is realized by the coupling reaction between silica nanoparticles and the alkylsilane in the film‐forming process. Furthermore, various common water‐based emulsion latexes are able to be applied as the binder between the modified nanoparticles and substrates. The resulting coatings exhibit excellent superhydrophobicity and show remarkable mechanical durability as well as chemical stability. In addition, these nanocomposite coatings are demonstrated of high performance for oil/water separation. The findings provide a valuable way to fabricate water‐based and fluorine‐free superhydrophobic coatings with excellent properties for potential industrial applications.
Self‐Healing Phenomena in Metals
Authors: van Dijk Niels , van der Zwaag Sybrand
Published: May 2018

In comparison to other materials, in metals and metallic systems self‐healing of cracks and crack‐initiating defects is difficult to achieve due to the fact the solute atoms that act as healing agents are relatively small and generally have a relatively low mobility at the prevailing operating temperatures. In this review, the scientifically most interesting and industrially most promising approaches to self‐healing metals are presented and discussed. The various approaches are separated in autonomous healing methods based on an intrinsic (solid‐state diffusion) mechanism and assisted healing methods that need an external intervention. Some promising routes are identified while in other cases the approach has too many intrinsic limitations. Recently, a number of computational studies using molecular dynamics and finite element modeling have been performed to analyze the self‐healing potential of metal systems as a function of the imposed conditions and to guide the further development of this family of self‐healing materials.
Morphology and Interface Engineering for Organic Metal Halide Perovskite–Based Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Wei Qi , Bi Huan , Yan Su , Wang Shiwei
Published: May 2018

Organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite (OMHP) has become one of the most important optoelectronic materials due to its electronic transport properties and excellent machinability. The efficiency of OMHP solar cells has risen rapidly from 3.81% to more than 20% in the past seven years, which has almost approached the theoretical value. Despite the continuous and in‐depth researches by scientists, it has been difficult to prepare new materials for OMHP devices with high performances. According to literature reported, OMHP solar cells can get remarkable performances depending on not only the mesoscopic structure but also the planar structure. Besides that, the morphology of OMHP film has been considered as the most important impact for high device performances. And the film morphology of OMHP can be affected by many factors including deposition method, material components, additives, post‐treatment process, and so on. The corresponding researches and reports appear constantly, which will be summarized and discussed in detail in this review. It can be concluded that the continuous, uniform growth and dense perovskite crystals in the OMHP film are the key factors for the preparation of high performance OMHP devices.
Graphene Nanoplatelets as Novel Additive to Enhance Coercivity of Hot‐Deformed Magnets by Tuning Microstructures
Authors: Wang Renquan , Liu Ying , Li Jun , Zhou Tingchuan , Yang Xiaojiao
Published: May 2018

In this work an effective approach of tuning the microstructures and enhancing the coercivity of hot‐deformed Nd‐Fe‐B magnets without obvious remanence loss by adding graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) is proposed. Based on the microstructure characterization, the adjacent Nd2Fe14B grains on the interfaces are in polygonal shape with the small grain size less than 100 nm, and the GNPs are mainly around the interfaces of the melt‐spun ribbons. Due to the outstanding mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, the GNPs can act as the steric hindrance additives and thermal conducting medium, which is helpful to restrain the growth of Nd2Fe14B grains effectively and decrease or even eliminate the coarse grains region. As a result, the coercivity of hot‐deformed Nd‐Fe‐B magnets is enhanced remarkably with their refined microstructure; the coercivity is substantially improved by 33.2% from 785 to 1046 kA m−1 with the GNPs additive amount from 0 to 0.2 wt%, while the remanence loss is also as low as 1.56% from 1.28 to 1.26 T. This work reported here suggests that the GNPs have great potentials in fabricating materials with controlled grain growth properties.
Directing Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Gold Nanowire Arrays
Authors: Zhou Qihui , Zhao Zhiyuan , Zhou Ziwei , Zhang Gang , Chiechi Ryan C. , van Rijn Patrick
Published: May 2018

Controlling cell organization is still a major bottleneck in biointerface engineering when the material dimensions decrease to the nanoscale. Here, Au nanowire‐patterned array platforms with multiscale design from the macroscale to the nanoscale are developed for studying human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cell (hBM‐MSC) response. When the angle of the Au nanowires on glass is increased from 0° to 90°, hBM‐MSC arrangement exhibits a transition from a unidirectional distribution induced by a vector response to a bimodal polarization pattern. The degree of cell vector response and elongation decreases with increasing nanowire angles from 0° to 90°. Further, it is demonstrated that the specific cell adhesion and organization are dependent on the surface micro/nanotopography, which is greatly enhanced by introducing stem cell‐material affinity differences. An ideal model and new insights into a deeper understanding of cell–nano‐biointerface interactions are provided.
Recent Progress in Wearable Fully Textile Chemical Sensors
Authors: Tessarolo Marta , Gualandi Isacco , Fraboni Beatrice
Published: May 2018

In the new era of Internet of Things, there is a great demand for the development of novel chemical wearable sensors, in particular, for personalized medical diagnostics with point‐of‐care devices. This paper provides an overview on the recent developments in this field, focusing on fully textile chemical sensors, i.e., sensors directly incorporated into a garment/fabric/fiber. The recent results are summarized by grouping them in three broad categories according to their working principle: (i) electrochemical sensors; (ii) transistor‐based sensors; and (iii) resistance‐based sensors. Wearable chemical sensors can be used to detect external dangerous vapor/agents, or to control and monitor the concentration of specific compounds in biofluids for safety and healthcare applications. One of the main issues of such applications is sensor operation in a complex medium containing many interfering compounds. To this end, recent novel approaches to enhance the selectivity of fully textile wearable sensors are reviewed: enzyme‐based approach, selective membrane, and a potentiodynamic method. Finally, a critical overview is given about the major open issues that have to be overcome in order to reach a high technology readiness level.
Impact of Hydroxylation and Hydration on the Reactivity of α‐Fe2O3 (0001) and (102) Surfaces under Environmental and Electrochemical Conditions
Authors: Noh Junghyun , Li Hong , Osman Osman I. , Aziz Saadullah G. , Winget Paul , Brédas Jean‐Luc
Published: May 2018

Hematite (α‐Fe2O3) is widely used as a catalytic electrode material in photo‐electrochemical water oxidation, where its surface compositions and stabilities can strongly impact the redox reaction process. Here, its surface configurations in environmental or electrochemical conditions are assessed via density functional theory (DFT) calculations conducted at the Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof (PBE)+U level. The most energetically favorable surface domains of α‐Fe2O3 (0001) and (102) are predicted by constructing the surface phase diagrams in the framework of first‐principle thermodynamics. The relative surface stabilities are investigated as a function of partial pressures of oxygen and water, temperature, solution pH, and electrode potential not only for perfect bulk terminations but also for defect‐containing surfaces having various degrees of hydroxylation and hydration. In order to assess the impact on the redox reactions of the surface planes as well as of the extent of surface hydration/hydroxylation, the thermodynamics of the four‐step oxygen evolution reaction (OER) mechanism are examined in detail for different models of the α‐Fe2O3 (0001) and (102) surfaces. Importantly, the results underline that the nature of the surface termination and the degree of near‐surface hydroxylation give rise to significant variations in the OER overpotentials.
Hydroxoiridium‐Catalyzed sp3 C−H Alkylation of Indoline Derivatives with Terminal Alkenes
Authors: Nakamura Ikumi , Yamauchi Daisuke , Nishimura Takahiro
Published: May 2018

Direct alkylation of a secondary sp3 C−H bond of indoline derivatives having a urea moiety with terminal alkenes proceeded in the presence of a hydroxoiridium/1,5‐cyclooctadiene catalyst, which generated an amidoiridium intermediate by reaction with a urea N−H moiety of the indolines, giving the linear addition products in high yields.
High‐resolution modelling of ocean circulation can reveal retention spots important for biodiversity conservation
Authors: Briton Florence , Cortese Daphne , Duhaut Thomas , Guizien Katell
Published: May 2018

Larval transport by ocean circulation and its emerging property at the population level, i.e. connectivity, has received increasing attention thanks to the Aichi target 11 of protecting 10% of ocean surfaces through well‐connected marine protected area (MPA) networks. Furthermore, it is also important to investigate retention within a site, as it determines the self‐persistence of a population in an isolated MPA.

Mediterranean rocky substrates host a conspicuous and diverse biota, which explains why MPA designations have targeted rocky habitat. Retention rates in the fragmented rocky habitat of the Gulf of Lion were established at two spatial scales (10 and 1 km2) using dispersal simulations. To this end we computed three‐dimensional flow simulations with high spatial resolution nearshore (80 m), combined with a high density of release spots (every 100 m).

This study shows that among the six rocky 10‐km2 patches, the four with highest average retention rates for pelagic larval duration (PLD), of up to 42 days, were designated MPAs. Furthermore, within each MPA, small zones where special protection measures are applied correspond to 1‐km2 subpatches where the highest local retention rates were found. Yet the 2% most retentive subpatches of the rocky habitat do not exhibit retention rates large enough to ensure the local persistence of most species.
Aquaporin‐4 knockout mice exhibit increased hypnotic susceptibility to ketamine
Authors: Lv Yunluo , Dai Wangshu , Ge Ai , Fan Yi , Hu Gang , Zeng Yinming
Published: May 2018

Purpose

This study examines anesthetic/hypnotic effects of ketamine in AQP4 knockout (KO) and wild‐type (WT) mice with the particular focus on neurotransmission.

Materials and Methods

Ketamine (100 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected in 16 WT and 16 KO mice. The hypnotic potencies were evaluated by the loss of the righting reflex (LORR). The amino acids neurotransmitter levels in prefrontal cortex were measured by microdialysis.

Results

This study demonstrated that AQP4 knockout significantly shortened the latency compared with WT mice (98.0 ± 4.2 vs. 138.1 ± 15.0 s, p < .05) and prolonged duration of LORR (884.7 ± 58.6 vs. 562.0 ± 51.7 s, p < .05) compared with WT mice in LORR induced by ketamine. Microdialysis showed that lack of AQP4 markedly decreased glutamate level within 20 min (p < .05) and increased γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) level within 30–40 min (p < .05) after use of ketamine. Moreover, the levels of taurine were remarkably higher in KO mice than in WT mice, but no obvious differences in aspartate were observed between two genotypes.

Conclusion

AQP4 deficiency led to more susceptibility of mice to ketamine, which is probably due to the modulation of specific neurotransmitters, hinting an essential maintenance of synaptic activity mediated by AQP4 in the action of ketamine.
Crossed mixture‐process design for optimization of simultaneous adsorption of Tartrazine and Indigo carmine dyes by cobalt hydroxide nanosorbent
Authors: Bagtash Maryam , Zolgharnein Javad
Published: May 2018

The present paper focused on the removal of Tartrazine and indigo carmine from aqueous solutions by cobalt hydroxide nanosorbent. This novel and efficient nanosorbent were successfully used to remove two anionic dyes from aqueous solutions in single and binary systems. The characterization of sorbent was carried out with scanning electron microscopy micrographs,
X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The simplex‐lattice mixture design was employed for optimization of adsorption process. The effective factors on adsorption such as pH, m (amount of sorbent), and C (initial concentrations of dyes) were considered using crossed mixture‐process design. The proposed quadratic model resulted from the mixture design approach fitted very well to the experimental data. Isotherm modeling and kinetic investigations showed that sips, modified sips, and pseudo‐second‐order models describe both the adsorption equilibrium and kinetic behavior well, respectively.
Ultrasonic Based Device to Monitor Oil Separation from Oily Water Discharges
Authors: Behnia Izad , Prakash Anand , Williams Gregory
Published: May 2018

Discharges of oily water are common among a number of commercial operations. If unregulated these effluents can lead to both short and long term adverse environmental impacts. Development efforts were undertaken in this study for a robust ultrasonic based device to monitor separation of oil and water from oily water effluents. Most of these separations are carried out in gravity settlers where several problems are encountered. These include periodic temperature variations (often over a 25–50 °C range), changes in composition of the oily phase, and presence of suspended impurities as well as fouling conditions. The device incorporates an innovative low cost self‐correction feature to minimize measurement errors under such difficult and dynamic conditions. This feature allows continuous in‐situ measurement of acoustic velocity, a key parameter required for oil depth measurements, giving accuracy within ±2 %. The development plans moved progressively from proof‐of‐concept to prototype of the device with a systematic strategy to improve reliability and accuracy at each stage. These included selection of appropriate transducer frequency and tests with suspended and settled impurities. After initial evaluations, a device configuration with a transducer mounted on a guided float was recommended for further development efforts. The transducer was placed facing down at the centre of the float designed to move up and down with the liquid level in the tank.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Oxidative Coupling Reactions of (Z)‐Enamines with Isocyanides through Selective β‐C(sp2)‐H and/or C=C Bond Cleavage
Authors: Hu Weigao , Zheng Jia , Li Meng , Wu Wanqing , Liu Haiyang , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: May 2018

Herein, two efficient palladium‐catalyzed intermolecular oxidative coupling reactions of (Z)‐enamines with isocyanides via selective β‐C(sp2)‐H and/or C=C bond cleavage have been developed, leading to controllable chemodivergent and stereoselective construction of a wide range of (E)‐β‐carbamoylenamine derivatives containing strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, possible reaction pathways for these transformations are proposed on the basis of preliminary mechanism studies.
Pericarditis among giant cell arteritis patients: From myth to reality
Authors: Tiosano Shmuel , Adler Yehuda , Azrielant Shir , Yavne Yarden , Gendelman Omer , Ben‐Ami Shor Dana , Comaneshter Doron , Shalom Guy , Cohen Arnon D. , Amital Howard
Published: May 2018

Background

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an inflammatory disease of unknown etiology affecting adults age > 50 years. GCA (also known as temporal arteritis) is a vasculitis of large and medium‐size vessels that involves the extracranial branches of the carotid artery. Common manifestations include constitutional symptoms, headache, jaw claudication, scalp tenderness, and vision loss. Cardiac involvement in GCA is considered to be as low as 5%, and < 30 cases of pericarditis among GCA patients have been reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between GCA and pericarditis by conducting a cross‐sectional study utilizing the database of the largest healthcare provider in Israel.

Hypothesis

GCA is associated with pericarditis.

Methods

The proportion of past documentation of pericarditis among patients diagnosed with GCA was compared with that of their age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Univariate analysis was performed using the χ2 and t tests; multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression.

Results

The study included 4329 GCA patients and 21 611 controls. GCA patients had higher rates of cardiovascular risk factors. Pericarditis was observed in 53 GCA patients and 72 controls (1.22% vs 0.33%, respectively; P < 0.001), significantly higher among GCA patients in comparison with controls. A significant interaction was found between GCA, pericarditis, and young age (<70 years).

Conclusions

The study showed an independent association between GCA and pericarditis, especially among young patients. Proper screening should be applied whenever a suspicion arises as to the existence of comorbidity in patients with either disease.
Flow cytometry shows added value in diagnosing lymphoma in brain biopsies
Authors: van der Meulen Matthijs , Bromberg Jacoline E.C. , Lam King H. , Dammers Ruben , Langerak Anton W. , Doorduijn Jeanette K. , Kros Johan M. , van den Bent Martin J. , van der Velden Vincent H.J.
Published: May 2018

Background

To assess the sensitivity, specificity and turnaround time of flow cytometric analysis on brain biopsies compared to histology plus immunohistochemistry analysis in tumors with clinical suspicion of lymphoma.

Methods

All brain biopsies performed between 2010 and 2015 at our institution and analyzed by both immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were included in this retrospective study. Immunohistochemistry was considered the gold standard.

Results

In a total of 77 biopsies from 71 patients, 49 lymphomas were diagnosed by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry results were concordant in 71 biopsies (92.2%). We found a specificity and sensitivity of flow cytometry of 100% and 87.8%, respectively. The time between the biopsy and reporting the result (turnaround time) was significantly shorter for flow cytometry, compared to immunohistochemistry (median: 1 vs. 5 days).

Conclusions

Flow cytometry has a high specificity and can confirm the diagnosis of a lymphoma significantly faster than immunohistochemistry. This allows for rapid initiation of treatment in this highly aggressive tumor. However, since its sensitivity is less than 100%, we recommend to perform histology plus immunohistochemistry in parallel to flow cytometry. © 2018 The Authors. Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Clinical Cytometry Society
Dihalohydration of Alkynols: A Versatile Approach to Diverse Halogenated Molecules
Authors: Gibson Samantha M. , D'Oyley Jarryl M. , Higham Joe I. , Sanders Kate , Laserna Victor , Aliev Abil E. , Sheppard Tom D.
Published: May 2018

In this paper we outline how dihalohydration reactions of propargylic alcohols can be used to access a wide variety of useful halogenated building blocks. A novel procedure for dibromohydration of alkynes has been developed, and a selection of dichloro and dibromo diols and cyclic ethers were synthesized. The dihalohydration of homo‐propargylic alcohols provides a useful route to 3‐halofurans, which were shown to readily undergo cycloaddition reactions under mild conditions. Finally, a novel ring expansion of propargylic alcohols containing a cyclopropylalkyne provides access to halogenated alkenylcyclobutanes.