bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Acceptability of a Tobacco Dependency Treatment for NHS Staff in the North East of England: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Thompson Caitlin Louise , Brennan-Tovey Kerry , Robinson Caitlin , McIlvenna Rachel , Kaner Eileen F. S. , Ramsay Sheena E. , Aquino Maria Raisa Jessica
Published: February 2025

Aims: High smoking rates and deprivation levels in the North East of England have led to an opportunity to pilot a tobacco dependency treatment offer for NHS (National Health Service) staff who smoke, to make a supported quit attempt. The direct and indirect benefits to staff, patients, and NHS organisations are well documented. This study aimed to evaluate service acceptability. Methods: The service included up to 12 weeks of free nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and/or a refillable e-cigarette, motivational support, and premium access to the Smoke-Free app. The service evaluation used a mixed-methods design, combining the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA) questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with staff who had accessed the offer. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data via thematic analysis. Results: Sixty-eight survey responses reflected high acceptability and revealed four themes relating to the service familiarity and ease of access, suitability of the NRT/E-liquid ordering service, the vape kit, and behavioural support. Conclusions: The service was deemed highly acceptable, and service users’ experiences informed recommendations for improving future tobacco dependency services. This is the first known application of the TFA to an evaluation of a smoking cessation intervention, and it contributes to a broader body of research on reducing tobacco dependency.
Economic Growth in Rural Areas, Resource Agglomeration, and Stock Market Performance: Evidence from China
Authors: Geng Guojing
Published: February 2025

This study aims to explore the potential association between the performance of the stock market and the growth of the rural economy in China. It examines the impact of regional market volatility on rural macroeconomic indicators, which functions through the equity price fluctuations of locally listed firms. The analysis utilizes financial performance data from publicly traded companies across 283 prefecture-level cities within 31 provinces in China, spanning from 1996 to 2021. This research documents a resource agglomeration effect, which is induced by the inflow of various resources by listed companies into their respective regional areas, and which emerges as the key driver for the development of the rural economy in those regions. Additionally, this study uncovers the advantages of the risk diversification effect that arises from the aggregation of resources. These findings have three significant implications. First, both effects are identified as concurrent mechanisms without any evidence of a crowding-out effect. Secondly, multiple avenues are presented through which financial capital can affect the rural economic development of a region. Lastly, this study suggests specific strategies for assessing the equity market’s role in ensuring the sustainable development of the Chinese rural economy.
Plant Responses to Heavy Metals: From Deficiency to Excess
Authors: Seregin Ilya V. , Kozhevnikova Anna D.
Published: February 2025

Some metals and metalloids such as copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), boron (B), and molybdenum (Mo) are essential for most plants but toxic when supplied in supraoptimal quantities; meanwhile, the biological role of cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As), with rare exceptions, is unknown, and they are toxic for plants even at fairly low concentrations [...]
The Impact of Oxytocin on Stimulus Discrimination of Zebrafish Albino and Non-Albino Models
Authors: Danila Ana-Maria , Savuca Alexandra , Ciobica Alin Stelian , Gurzu Irina Luciana , Nicoara Mircea Nicusor , Gurzu Bogdan
Published: February 2025

Zebrafish have the ability, to a certain extent, to distinguish between different types of stimuli, including distinguishing between videos of conspecifics and non-conspecifics, a skill known as stimulus discrimination. In this study, we investigated the effects of oxytocin on this ability in albino and non-albino zebrafish models, focusing on the correlations between albinism, sensory deficiencies, and socio-emotional behaviors. Our hypothesis is based on the premise that oxytocin influences socio-emotional behaviors in zebrafish, with varying effects depending on phenotype (albino vs. non-albino), social context, and treatment duration. Studies have shown that albino zebrafish have more pronounced sensory deficiencies, meaning they may benefit more from oxytocin in terms of increased social comfort and interactions with conspecifics, while non-albino zebrafish would experience a reduction in defensive behaviors and anxiety. To test this, two experiments were conducted: one assessing the responses to video predator stimuli and the other comparing social interactions with real and video conspecifics. The results showed significant differences between the two groups: non-albino zebrafish exhibited stronger long-term reductions in anxiety-related behaviors, such as reaction speed and freezing, suggesting that oxytocin regulates defensive responses and aggression. Meanwhile, albino zebrafish showed greater improvements in social interactions, reflecting the nuanced, phenotype-dependent effects of oxytocin. These results not only confirm existing research but also highlight the therapeutic potential of oxytocin in treating socio-emotional deficiencies.
Progress in Plant Nitric Oxide Studies: Implications for Phytopathology and Plant Protection
Authors: Sedlářová Michaela , Jedelská Tereza , Lebeda Aleš , Petřivalský Marek
Published: February 2025

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous free radical known to modulate plant metabolism through crosstalk with phytohormones (especially ABA, SA, JA, and ethylene) and other signaling molecules (ROS, H2S, melatonin), and to regulate gene expression (by influencing DNA methylation and histone acetylation) as well as protein function through post-translational modifications (cysteine S-nitrosation, metal nitrosation, tyrosine nitration, nitroalkylation). Recently, NO has gained attention as a molecule promoting crop resistance to stress conditions. Herein, we review innovations from the NO field and nanotechnology on an up-to-date phytopathological background.
LRRK2 in Drosophila Melanogaster Model: Insights into Cellular Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Ciampelli Cristina , Galleri Grazia , Galioto Manuela , Mereu Paolo , Pirastru Monica , Bernardoni Roberto , Albani Diego , Crosio Claudia , Iaccarino Ciro
Published: February 2025

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease for which there are no still effective treatments able to stop or slow down neurodegeneration. To date, pathological mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene have been identified as the major genetic cause of PD, although the molecular mechanism responsible for the loss of dopaminergic neurons is still cryptic. In this review, we explore the contribution of Drosophila models to the elucidation of LRRK2 function in different cellular pathways in either neurons or glial cells. Importantly, recent studies have shown that LRRK2 is highly expressed in immunocompetent cells, including astrocytes and microglia in the brain, compared to neuronal expression. LRRK2 mutations are also strongly associated with the development of inflammatory diseases and the production of inflammatory molecules. Using Drosophila models, this paper shows that a genetic reduction of the inflammatory response protects flies from the neurodegeneration induced by LRRK2 pathological mutant expression.
Ciliary and Non-Ciliary Roles of IFT88 in Development and Diseases
Authors: Wang Xuexue , Yin Guoyu , Yang Yaru , Tian Xiaoyu
Published: February 2025

Cilia are highly specialized cellular projections emanating from the cell surface, whose defects contribute to a spectrum of diseases collectively known as ciliopathies. Intraflagellar transport protein 88 (IFT88) is a crucial component of the intraflagellar transport-B (IFT-B) subcomplex, a protein complex integral to ciliary transport. The absence of IFT88 disrupts the formation of ciliary structures; thus, animal models with IFT88 mutations, including the oak ridge polycystic kidney (ORPK) mouse model and IFT88 conditional allelic mouse model, are frequently employed in molecular and clinical studies of ciliary functions and ciliopathies. IFT88 plays a pivotal role in a variety of cilium-related processes, including organ fibrosis and cyst formation, metabolic regulation, chondrocyte development, and neurological functions. Moreover, IFT88 also exhibits cilium-independent functions, such as spindle orientation, planar cell polarity establishment, and actin organization. A deeper understanding of the biological events and molecular mechanisms mediated by IFT88 is anticipated to advance the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for related diseases.
Computational NMR Study of Cryptolepis Alkaloids: Could the Structural Misassignment of Cryptospirolepine Have Been Avoided?
Authors: Semenov Valentin A. , Krivdin Leonid B. , Martin Gary E.
Published: February 2025

It is demonstrated that by using modern computational methods, it is possible to identify potential structural misassignments for even molecules as complex as cryptospirolepine. While methods that rely on anisotropic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods can also be used to offer a powerful orthogonal means of structure elucidation and verification, the present computational study should be feasible in most chemistry departments with access to sophisticated computational facilities. From the overall correlations calculated against experimental 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts in the series of thirteen Cryptolepis alkaloids, it follows that, generally, they provide a very high level of correlation. The corrected mean absolute error (CMAE) is found to be at the level of 0.13 and 1.5 ppm for, proton and carbon chemical shifts, respectively, which is only about 2 and 1% of their ranges. Based on the performed calculations, some spectral reassignments are suggested, and a number of missing (unknown) experimental chemical shifts are predicted.
Pharmacomodulation of the Redox-Active Lead Plasmodione: Synthesis of Substituted 2-Benzylnaphthoquinone Derivatives, Antiplasmodial Activities, and Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Presser Armin , Blaser Gregor , Pferschy-Wenzig Eva-Maria , Kaiser Marcel , Mäser Pascal , Schuehly Wolfgang
Published: February 2025

Malaria remains a major global health problem that has been exacerbated by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health systems. To combat this, the World Health Organization (WHO) has set a target of driving forward research into innovative treatment methods such as new drugs and vaccines. Quinones, particularly 1,4-naphthoquinones, have been identified as promising candidates for the development of antiprotozoal drugs. Herein, we report several methods for the preparation of 2-benzyl-1,4-naphthoquinones. In particular, the silver-catalyzed Kochi–Anderson radical decarboxylation is well suited for the preparation of these compounds. The antiprotozoal activity of all synthesized compounds was evaluated against Plasmodium falciparum NF54 and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense STIB900. Cytotoxicity towards L6 cells was also determined, and the respective selectivity indices (SI) were calculated. The synthesized compounds exhibited good antiplasmodial activity against the P. falciparum (NF54) strain, particularly (2-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-menadione 2e, which showed strong efficacy and high selectivity (IC50 = 0.006 µM, SI = 7495). In addition, these compounds also displayed favorable physicochemical properties, suggesting that the benzylnaphthoquinone scaffold may be a viable option for new antiplasmodial drugs.
Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Novel GATA5/6 Variants in Right-Sided Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Zodanu Gloria K. E. , Hwang John H. , Mudery Jordan , Sisniega Carlos , Kang Xuedong , Wang Lee-Kai , Barsegian Alexander , Biniwale Reshma M. , Si Ming-Sing , Halnon Nancy J. ,   UCLA Congenital Heart Defects-BioCore Faculty, Grody Wayne W. , Satou Gary M. , Van Arsdell Glen S. , Nelson Stanly F. , Touma Marlin
Published: February 2025

One out of every hundred live births present with congenital heart abnormalities caused by the aberrant development of the embryonic cardiovascular system. The conserved zinc finger transcription factor proteins, which include GATA binding protein 5 (GATA5) and GATA binding protein (GATA6) play important roles in embryonic development and their inactivation may result in congenital heart defects (CHDs). In this study, we performed genotypic–phenotypic analyses in two families affected by right-sided CHD diagnosed by echocardiography imaging. Proband A presented with pulmonary valve stenosis, and proband B presented with complex CHD involving the right heart structures. For variant detection, we employed whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray and family-based whole-exome sequencing (WES) studies. Proband A is a full-term infant who was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at five days of life for pulmonary valve stenosis (PVS). Genomic studies revealed a normal SNP microarray; however, quad WES analysis identified a novel heterozygous [Chr20:g.61041597C>G (p.Arg237Pro)] variant in the GATA5 gene. Further analysis confirmed that the novel variant was inherited from the mother but was absent in the father and the maternal uncle with a history of heart murmur. Proband B was born prematurely at 35 weeks gestation with a prenatally diagnosed complex CHD. A postnatal evaluation revealed right-sided heart defects including pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA/IVS), right ventricular hypoplasia, tricuspid valve hypoplasia, hypoplastic main and bilateral branch pulmonary arteries, and possible coronary sinusoids. Cardiac catheterization yielded anatomy and hemodynamics unfavorable to repair. Hence, heart transplantation was indicated. Upon genomic testing, a normal SNP microarray was observed, while trio WES analysis identified a novel heterozygous [Chr18:c.1757C>T (p.Pro586Leu)] variant in the GATA6 gene. This variant was inherited from the father, who carries a clinical diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot. These findings provide new insights into novel GATA5/6 variants, elaborate on the genotypic and phenotypic association, and highlight the critical role of GATA5 and GATA6 transcription factors in a wide spectrum of right-sided CHDs.
TRPA1-Activated Peptides from Saiga Antelope Horn: Screening, Interaction Mechanism, and Bioactivity
Authors: Wang Chengwei , Wu Chunjie , Song Linjiang
Published: February 2025

Saiga antelope horn (SAH), a rare traditional Chinese medicine, exhibits activities of anti-feverish convulsions and anti-inflammation, whereas its underlying mechanism and specific pharmacological components are still unclear. In the present study, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a major transient receptor potential cation channel was used as a target protein to identified TRPA1 high-affinity peptides (THPs) from SAH digests. Firstly, the SAH was digested under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions. With the method of affinity ultrafiltration and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (AUF-LC/MS), about 200 peptides that have a high-affinity interaction with the TRPA1 protein were screened from SAH digests. Subsequently, bioactivity databases and molecular docking were further exploited to identified three THPs, including RCWPDCR, FGFDGDF, and WFCEGSF. Furthermore, RIN-14B cells, characterized by the high expression of TRPA1 on cell surfaces, were used as the cell model to investigate the biological effect of THPs. Immunofluorescence and ELISA were conducted and showed that THPs can increase the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and serotonin (5-HT) secretion in RIN-14B cells by activating TRPA1, which is evidenced by impaired upregulation of intracellular Ca2+ levels and 5-HT secretion after pretreatment with the TRPA1 inhibitor (HC-030031). Moreover, an analysis of Western blots displayed that THPs up-regulated the expression levels of the 5-HT synthesis rate-limiting enzyme (TPH1) and 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase (Ddc), while serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) levels were down-regulated, suggesting that THPs enhance 5-HT secretion by regulating the 5-HT synthesis pathway. In summary, our findings demonstrate that THPs, which were identified from SAH digest via TRPA1-targeted affinity panning, exhibited the activation of the TRPA1 channel and enhanced 5-HT release in RIN-14B cells.
Exploring Technology Trends and Future Directions for Optimized Energy Management in Microgrids
Authors: González-Niño Mario E. , Sierra-Herrera Oscar H. , Pineda-Muñoz Wilman A. , Muñoz-Galeano Nicolás , López-Lezama Jesús M.
Published: February 2025

Microgrids play a crucial role in optimizing renewable energy by integrating various sources to generate and store electricity. Effective resource management within microgrids is essential for improving efficiency and reducing operational costs. This study employs bibliometric analysis to explore key trends and emerging technologies in microgrid energy management. The analysis begins with a co-occurrence network to visualize relationships between key terms and their interconnected research areas, helping to identify thematic clusters. A trend topic analysis follows, highlighting the evolution of significant themes from 2010 to 2024. A dendrogram analysis further organizes subtopics hierarchically, while a word map analysis provides an overview of dominant themes and their practical applications. Thematic map analysis categorizes keywords into distinct clusters, offering a comprehensive understanding of technology trends and connections in the field. Key findings highlight four clusters: energy management systems, smart power grid optimization, battery management systems, and electric frequency control. These clusters underscore critical research gaps and innovative approaches in optimizing microgrid performance. By identifying future research directions, this study aims to contribute to the development of sustainable and efficient energy systems.
Heavy-Tailed Linear Regression and K-Means
Authors: Sayde Mario , Fahs Jihad , Abou-Faycal Ibrahim
Published: February 2025

Most standard machine learning algorithms are formulated with the implicit assumption that empirical data are “well-behaved”. In this work, we consider heavy-tailed data whose underlying distribution does not necessarily possess finite moments. For such a scenario, classical linear regression techniques and the standard K-means algorithm fail. We formulate and validate heavy-tailed versions of these machine learning methods for both scalar and multidimensional settings. The new algorithms are based on recently defined appropriate location and power parameters. Additionally, we showcase the enhanced performance of the proposed methods in comparison to some other tailored ones found in the literature.
Marine Environment Effect on Welded Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel AISI 316L
Authors: Vukelic Goran , Mihaljec Benjamin , Ivošević Špiro
Published: February 2025

This experimental study deals with the effect of the natural marine environment in the Adriatic Sea on the properties of the welded additively manufactured stainless steel AISI 316L. The welding of additively manufactured materials is of special interest to the maritime industry, which is seeking to introduce additive manufacturing technology in the repair and maintenance of ships and offshore installations. Three types of welded specimens were tested: a combination of two additively manufactured parts, a combination of additively manufactured and conventionally manufactured parts, and, for reference, a combination of two conventionally manufactured parts. The specimens were submerged below the sea for one, three, and six months. Once extracted, the specimens were tested for changes in mass, tensile strength, and surface morphology. The results show better behaviour of conventionally manufactured steel in the primary periods of exposure in terms of regaining tensile strength. EDS scans show the apparent influence of the sea, underlining the importance of conducting such experiments in the natural marine environment. The research highlights include exposure to the natural marine environment for prolonged periods and testing different additively and conventionally welded steel AISI 316L configurations.
A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis of Spatial Data Infrastructure in a Smart City Context
Authors: Dissanayake DMSLB , Ranagalage Manjula , Jayasundara JMSB , Rajapakshe PSK , Herath NSK , Marasinghe Samali Ayoma , Wanninayake WMSB , Dilanjani HUK , Perera ALWM , Herath Yukthi
Published: February 2025

This study presents a bibliometric analysis of spatial data infrastructure (SDI) research and its application in city development. The fast urbanization and growing complexity of urban management recognize the importance of SDI in supporting sustainable urban planning and innovative city development. This study systematically reviews trends in the publications, key contributors, keywords, and thematic areas of SDI and urban settings. The study uses bibliometric tools such as VOSviewer and Biblioshiny, as well as data from 2003 to 2023. The results show that the number of publications has expanded, and the growth rate in publications has accelerated since 2013, increasing significantly due to geospatial technologies and broadening interest in the concept of smart cities. It identifies the key authors, countries, and collaborative networks that have recognized initiation in the research area. It puts forward the core contributions of Germany, Italy, and Croatia in this field. This research uses keyword co-occurrence and thematic mapping to illustrate dynamic areas of emphasis, including incorporating 3D city models with smart mapping and the application domains of Geographical Information Systems (GISs) and SDI in urban planning. This study further elaborates on other significant developing trends, such as implementing participatory sensing in environmental monitoring and securing SDI within smart city applications. It also highlights enhanced international collaborations toward strengthening the global knowledge base of the challenges in sustainable city development. Hence, this bibliometric analysis is supposed to be used for future research and policy decisions within SDI and city development. Overall, this study will support research by providing a direction for the literature on SDI and city studies and arranging bases for future studies that recommend developing urban resilience and sustainability using the effective practice of geospatial data.
A High-Resolution Analysis of the de Martonne and Emberger Indices Under Different Climate Change Scenarios: Implications on the Natural and Agricultural Landscape of Northeastern Greece
Authors: Charalampopoulos Ioannis , Vlami Vassiliki , Kokkoris Ioannis P. , Droulia Fotoula , Doxiadis Thomas , Kitsara Gianna , Zogaris Stamatis , Lazoglou Miltiades
Published: February 2025

This article explores the impacts of climate change on the rural and natural landscapes in the region of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, northeastern Greece. The spatial distributions of the bioclimatic de Martonne Index and the phytoclimatic Emberger Index were calculated at a very high resolution (~500 m) for present conditions (1970–2000), two future time periods (2030–2060; 2070–2100), and two greenhouse gas concentration scenarios (RCP4.5; RCP8.5). The results show significant bioclimatic changes, especially in the Rhodope Mountain range and along almost the whole length of the Greek–Bulgarian border, where forests of high ecosystem value are located, together with the rural areas along the Evros river valley, as well as in the coastal zone of the Aegean Sea. The article describes the processes of bioclimatic changes that can significantly modify the study area’s landscapes. The study area reveals a shift toward xerothermic environments over time, with significant bioclimatic changes projected under the extreme RCP8.5 scenario. By 2100, de Martonne projections indicate that around 40% of agricultural areas in the eastern, southern, and western regions will face Mediterranean and semi-humid conditions, requiring supplemental irrigation for sustainability. The Emberger Index predicts that approximately 42% of natural and agricultural landscapes will experience sub-humid conditions with mild or cool winters. In comparison, 5% will face drier humid/sub-humid, warm winter conditions. These foreseen futures propose initial interpretations for key landscape conservation, natural capital, and ecosystem services management.
Decoding the Role of Urban Green Space Morphology in Shaping Visual Perception: A Park-Based Study
Authors: Peng Yi , Li Zongsheng , Shah Aamir Mehmood , Lv Bingyang , Liu Shiliang , Liu Yuzhou , Li Xi , Song Huixing , Chen Qibing
Published: February 2025

Urban green spaces, vital public infrastructure, have received limited research on how their morphology affects visual perception preferences. Using data from ten parks, we generated green space maps from high-resolution satellite imagery and calculated indicators, such as quantity, fragmentation, connectivity, and shape complexity. By combining the Mask2Former image segmentation deep learning model with a multi-objective regression model and structural equation modeling, we analyzed the relationship between green space morphology and visual perception preferences, controlling for geographic and demographic factors. The results showed that green spaces with tighter connectivity, aggregation, continuity, and shape complexity led to more distinct visual perceptions. This relationship was mediated by the proportion of landscape elements. The distribution, shape, and connectivity of urban green spaces had an independent impact on individual visual perception, far exceeding the influence of quantity alone. The spatial morphology of urban green spaces should be incorporated into health-oriented urban space design, exploring the global interest in how green spaces impact urban human well-being, and providing valuable insights for urban green space planning and health-driven urban space design.
Adherence to Pharmacological Treatment in Chronic Venous Disease: Results of a Real-World, Prospective, Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Branisteanu Daciana Elena , Munteanu Alice Elena , Dolofan Bogdan Mihai , Popescu Elena Gabriela , Vittos Oana
Published: February 2025

Chronic venous disease (CVeD) affects millions of patients globally, being a multifactorial progressive condition that significantly impacts the quality of life of individuals. Micronized Purified Flavonoid Fraction (MPFF) is the most utilized and studied venoactive drug because of its safety and effectiveness. This study is a real-world, prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study including patients diagnosed with CVeD who were receiving one tablet of MPFF 1000 mg/day for at least one month and who visited medical facilities in Romania in June–July 2022. We aimed to assess their adherence to pharmacological treatment. The intensity of CVeD symptoms was assessed with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), while adherence to conservative treatment was evaluated using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) at study inclusion (Visit 1 (V1)) and 8 weeks later, at the study’s end (Visit 3 (V3)). This study recruited 1267 patients diagnosed with CVeD, and the statistical analysis set included 1200 patients, the majority of whom were female (71.5%), ≥51 years old (81.8%), and overweight (41.2%) or obese (33.8%), with a mean Body Mass Index (BMI) value (±SD) of 28.9 ± 5.1 kg/m2, classified using the Clinical, Etiological, Anatomical, and Pathophysiological (CEAP) clinical categories as CEAP C3 (38.7%) and C2 (22.6%) at baseline. Mean MMAS-8 scores increased from 6.2 ± 1.9 (V1) to 6.7 ± 1.7 (V3) (p < 0.001). Despite improvement in treatment adherence throughout this study, novel strategies are needed to improve medication adherence and overall health outcomes in CVeD.
Phenotypic and Genomic Characterization of Oceanisphaera submarina sp. nov. Isolated from the Sea of Japan Bottom Sediments
Authors: Romanenko Lyudmila , Bystritskaya Evgeniya , Otstavnykh Nadezhda , Kurilenko Valeriya , Velansky Peter , Isaeva Marina
Published: February 2025

A Gram-negative aerobic, motile bacterium KMM 10153T was isolated from bottom sediment sampled from the Sea of Japan at a depth of 256 m, Russia. Strain KMM 10153T grew in 0–12% NaCl at temperatures ranging from 4 to 42 °C and produced brown diffusible pigments. Based on the 16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequences analyses, novel bacterium KMM 10153T was affiliated with the genus Oceanisphaera (phylum Pseudomonadota) showing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.94% to Oceanisphaera arctica KCTC 23013T, 98.15% to Oceanisphaera donghaensis BL1T, and similarity values of <98% to other validly described Oceanisphaera species. The pairwise Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) and Average Amino Acid Identity (AAI) values between the novel strain KMM 10153T and the three closest type strains Oceanishaera arctica KCTC 23013T, Oceanisphaera litoralis DSM 15406T and Oceanisphaera sediminis JCM 17329T were 89.4%, 89.1%, 87.41%, and 90.7%, 89.8%, 89.7%, respectively. The values of digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) were below 39.3%. The size of the KMM 10153T draft genome was 3,558,569 bp, and the GC content was 57.5%. The genome of KMM 10153T harbors 343 unique genes with the most abundant functional classes consisting of transcription, mobilome, amino acid metabolism, and transport. Strain KMM 10153T contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and C16:1ω7c, C16:0, and C18:1ω7c as the major fatty acids. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidic acid. Based on the distinctive phenotypic characteristics and the results of phylogenetic and genomic analyses, the marine bacterium KMM 10153T could be classified as a novel Oceanisphaera submarina sp. nov. The type strain of the species is strain KMM 10153T (=KCTC 8836T).
Interplay Between Composition and Cycling Performance of Pre-Lithiated SiOx-Si-C Composite Anodes for Lithium–Sulfur Full Cells
Authors: Sathya Swamickan , Kumar Ramasamy Santhosh , Garcia-Ballesteros Sara , Bella Federico , Yoo Dong Jin , Stephan Arul Manuel
Published: February 2025

Although silicon-based anodes have been identified as a potential alternative to conventional graphite anodes, the huge volume change (approximately 300%) that occurs in silicon while cycling still impedes this system from practical applications. In the case of silicon-suboxide (SiOx)-based anode materials, both Li2O and LiSiO4 are formed during the initial lithiation processes and act as a natural volume buffer matrix to accommodate volume changes and the formation of a stable SEI layer, which improves the cyclability and capacity retention. In this study, a series of SiOx/Si/C-based electrodes composed of different amorphous SiOx, Si, and graphitic carbon contents were prepared. Among the various investigated compositions, the electrode with a ratio of SiOx-Si-C equal to 70:12.5:12.5 was found to be optimal in terms of discharge capacity. This promising electrode was pre-lithiated prior to cycling. Finally, 2032-type lithium–sulfur (Li-S) coin cells composed of a S-C/SiOx-Si-C (pre-lithiated) configuration were assembled and their cycling performances are reported.
Study on the Grain Growth Behavior of Ultra-High Strength Stainless Steel
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Liu Zhenbao , Chen Jiahao , Liang Jianxiong , Yang Zhiyong , Zhao Wenyu , Tian Shuai
Published: February 2025

In this work, we aimed to study the austenite grain growth behavior of an ultra-high-strength stainless steel within the temperature range of 900–1150 °C and holding time range of 0–120 min, using a metallographic microscope and metallographic image analysis software to perform a statistical analysis of grain size variation. The undissolved phases of the steel were investigated using a field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Within the temperature range of 900–950 °C, the grain growth rate of the steel was slow, while within the range of 1000–1150 °C, the grain growth rate was relatively fast. This is attributed to the precipitation of a large number of M6C-type carbides during the forging and annealing processes. In the temperature range of 900–950 °C, the solid solubility of the M6C phase was low and the pinning effect was significant, which hindered the growth of austenite grains. Above 950 °C, the carbides were dissolved extensively, weakening the pinning effect on the grain boundaries and accelerating the grain growth rate. A predictive mathematical model for the growth of the original austenite grains was established based on the Arrhenius equation, elucidating the effects of heating temperature, holding time, initial grain size, and number of carbides on the growth of austenite grains, providing a theoretical basis for heat treatment process design in actual production.
Pure and Doped Brushite Cements Loaded with Piroxicam for Prolonged and Constant Drug Release
Authors: Bini Marcella , Bruni Giovanna , Sturini Michela , Rossetti Beatrice , Alaimo Gianluca , Auricchio Ferdinando , Friuli Valeria , Maggi Lauretta
Published: February 2025

The increase in life expectancy has led to a rise of musculoskeletal disorders. Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs), thanks to some amazing features such as the ability to harden in vivo, bioactivity, and resorbability, are promising candidates to treat these diseases, notwithstanding their poor mechanical properties. We aimed to synthesise pure and barium- or silicon-doped brushite-based CPCs loaded with piroxicam to study the effects of the substitution on physical-chemical and pharmaceutical properties before and after cement immersion in phosphate buffer for different time periods. Our results demonstrated that piroxicam became amorphous in the hardened cements. The dopants did not change the brushite structure or its lamellar morphology, while both Ba and Si additions improved the initial Young’s modulus compared to the pure cement, and the opposite trend was observed for compressive strength. Both the compressive strength and the elastic modulus decreased for the samples immersed in solution compared to the non-immersed samples, with stabilisation as the number of days increased. After 7 days, the whole drug amount was released, with a slower and constant kinetic for the Ba-doped cements compared to the pure and Si-doped ones.
Prediction of Bolt Loosening Life: A Practical Approach Considering Variable Amplitude Loading and Multi-Bolted Structures
Authors: Yang Min , Jeong Seong-Mo , Hong Seong-Gu , Lim Jae-Yong
Published: February 2025

Bolted connections are crucial in joining mechanical assemblies and ensuring the integrity and reliability of structural components. This study proposes a method for estimating bolt loosening life by practically applying material fatigue life prediction methods. First, the study employed the linear cumulative damage rule to predict the loosening life of single bolts under two-block loading conditions. Second, a test device with two bolt attachment points on a single structure was fabricated to model the multi-bolted structure, and tests were conducted. Finite element analysis (FEA) analysis was employed to identify vulnerable points. The loosening life of single bolts predicted using the linear cumulative damage rule exhibited enhanced accuracy within a ±1.2× error band compared with the experimental data despite variations in bolt types and test conditions. The FEA results for the multi-bolt structure demonstrated that the loosening life could be predicted by identifying vulnerable points and estimating the displacements. This study effectively predicts the bolt loosening life, offering valuable data for the reliability assessment of bolted structures.
Inverse Acoustic Scattering from a Bounded Homogeneous Penetrable Obstacle
Authors: Qu Zhenpu , Ma Fuming
Published: February 2025

We consider time domain acoustic scattering from a bounded homogeneous penetrable obstacle. The problem is reduced to a system of time-dependent integral equations on the boundary of the scatter. Our aim is to determine the location and shape of the obstacle. Using convolution quadrature in time combined with the nonlinear integral equation method, we obtain the Helmholtz equation with complex wave numbers. Then the iterative scheme is presented to solve the nonlinear boundary integral equations, and the fully discrete system is given. Numerical experiments are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Market Regime Identification and Variable Annuity Pricing: Analysis of COVID-19-Induced Regime Shifts in the Indian Stock Market
Authors: Sarfraz Mohammad , D’Amico Guglielmo , Selvamuthu Dharmaraja
Published: February 2025

Understanding how crises like the COVID-19 pandemic affect variable annuity pricing is crucial, especially in emerging markets like India. The motivation is that financial stability and risk management in these markets depend heavily on accurate pricing models. While prior research has primarily focused on Western markets, there is a significant gap in analyzing the impact of extreme volatility and regime-dependent dynamics on variable annuities in emerging economies. This study investigates how regime shifts during the COVID-19 pandemic influence variable annuity pricing in the Indian stock market, specifically using the Nifty 50 Index data from 7 September 2017 until 7 September 2023. Advanced methodologies, including regime-switching hidden Markov models, artificial neural networks, and Monte Carlo simulations, were applied to analyze pre- and post-COVID-19 market behavior. The regime-switching hidden Markov models effectively capture latent market regimes and their transitions, which traditional models often overlook, while neural networks provide flexible functional approximations that enhance pricing accuracy in highly non-linear environments. The Expectation–Maximization (EM) algorithm was employed to achieve robust calibration and enhance pricing accuracy. The analysis showed significant pricing variations across market regimes, with heightened volatility observed during the pandemic. The findings highlight the effectiveness of regime-switching models in capturing market dynamics, particularly during periods of economic uncertainty and turbulence. This research contributes to the understanding of variable annuity pricing under regime-dependent dynamics in emerging markets and offers practical implications for improved risk management and policy formulation.
Disinfection of Human and Porcine Corneal Endothelial Cells by Far-UVC Irradiation
Authors: Sicks Ben , Hessling Martin , Stucke-Straub Kathrin , Kupferschmid Sebastian , Lotfi Ramin
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: The cornea protects the eye from external influences and contributes to its refractive power. Corneas belong to the most frequently transplanted tissues, providing a last resort for preserving the patient’s vision. There is a high demand for donor corneas worldwide, but almost 4% of these transplants are not eligible due to microbial contamination. The objective of this study is to ascertain the suitability of 222 nm Far-UVC irradiation for the decontamination of corneas without damaging corneal endothelial cells. Materials and Methods: To assess the destructive effect of irradiation and, thus, identify the applicable dose needed to decontaminate the cornea without interfering with its integrity, 141 porcine corneas were irradiated with 0, 60 or 150 mJ/cm2 at 222 nm. In the second step, a series of 13 human corneas were subjected to half-sided irradiation using 15 or 60 mJ/cm2 at 222 nm. After five days of in vitro culturing, the endothelial cell density of the non-irradiated area of each human cornea was compared to the irradiated area. Results: Irradiation with up to 60 mJ/cm2 had no detectably significant effect on the cell integrity of human corneas (p = 0.764), with only a minimal reduction in cell density of 3.7% observed. These findings were partially corroborated by tests on porcine corneas, wherein the variability between test groups was consistent, even at increased irradiation doses of up to 150 mJ/cm2, and no notable effects on the irradiated porcine endothelium were monitored. The efficacy of the antimicrobial treatment was evident in the disinfection tests conducted on corneas. Conclusions: These initial irradiation experiments demonstrated that 222 nm Far-UVC radiation has the potential to decontaminate the cornea without compromising sensitive endothelial cell viability.
Novel Steel Compositions and Processing Technologies
Authors: Kostryzhev Andrii
Published: February 2025

Steel compositions and processing technologies have been researched for more than 100 years [...]
Total Component Recovery of Waste Zn-Mn Batteries via Reduction Roasting Followed by Leaching Process: In Situ Preparation of Nano-ZnO Whiskers
Authors: Lv Wei , Li Qiuyu , Su Zijian
Published: February 2025

Waste Zn-Mn batteries represent a significant contributor to e-waste, which is typically a hazardous material. Furthermore, Zn-Mn batteries possess more valuable metals than primary ore minerals, making them a crucial secondary resource for Zn and Mn extractive metallurgy. Current hydrometallurgy techniques primarily use acids as leaching agents, and the products are then purified by precipitating, extraction, etc. However, the Mn-Zn spinel formed in spent batteries exhibits exceptional structural stability, which can only be dissolved under strong acidic conditions. Therefore, eliminating the spinel’s effects helps improve recovery efficiency. This study introduces an innovative approach for selectively recovering Zn and Mn from spent batteries by integrating reduction roasting with acid leaching, utilizing spent graphite electrodes as environmentally friendly reductants. Meanwhile, the effect of roasting and leaching on recovery efficiency is explored, as well as the phase transformation of Zn-Mn oxides during the total component recovery process. In addition, high-value-added products, nano-ZnO whiskers, are in situ synthesized via a two-stage atmosphere-controlled process. Finally, Mn and Zn recoveries of 99.8% and 99.5% are obtained under optimal conditions, and hexagonal nano-ZnO with a crystallinity of 99.9% with a grain size of 46.3 nm is synthesized successfully.
Back Propagation Neural Network-Based Predictive Model for Magnetorheological–Chemical Polishing of Silicon Carbide
Authors: Liang Huazhuo , Chen Wenjie , Fu Youzhi , Zhou Wenjie , Mo Ling , Jian Yue , Wen Qi , Liu Dawei , He Junfeng
Published: February 2025

Magnetorheological–chemical-polishing tests are carried out on single-crystal silicon carbide (SiC) to study the influence of the process parameters on the polishing effect, predict the polishing results via a back propagation (BP) neural network, and construct a model of the processing parameters to predict the material removal rate (MRR) and surface quality. Magnetorheological–chemical polishing employs mechanical removal coupled with chemical action, and the synergistic effect of both actions can achieve an improved polishing effect. The results show that with increasing abrasive particle size, hydrogen peroxide concentration, workpiece rotational speed, and polishing disc rotational speed, the MRR first increases and then decreases. With an increasing abrasive concentration and carbonyl iron powder concentration, the MRR continues to increase. With an increasing machining gap, the MRR shows a continuous decrease, and the corresponding changes in surface roughness tend to decrease first and then increase. The prediction models of the MRR and surface quality are constructed via a BP neural network, and their average absolute percentage errors are less than 2%, which is important for the online monitoring of processing and process optimisation.
Highly Dense TiO2 Nanorods as Potential Electrode Material for Electrochemical Detection of Multiple Heavy Metal Ions in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Ameen Sadia
Published: February 2025

This study describes the direct deposition of extremely dense TiO2 nanorods (NRs) on an ITO substrate for the improved detection of heavy metal ions (HMIs). A facile hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize TiO2 NRs on the ITO substrate at ~130 °C. Synthesized TiO2 NRs were analyzed for morphological, structural, and electrochemical properties. As an electrode material, TiO2 NRs were used for the simultaneous detection of three HMIs (i.e., Cr3+, Cu2+, and Hg2+), which showed a remarkably high sensitivity of ~92.2 µA.mM−1.cm−2 for the Cu2+ ion. Relatively low sensitivities of ~15.6 µA.mM−1.cm−2 and ~19.67 µA.mM−1.cm−2 were recorded for the Cr3+ and Hg2+ ions, respectively. The fabricated TiO2 NR-based HMI sensor showed an effective dynamic linear detection range with low LOD values of ~21.7 mM, 37 mM, and ~ 28.5 mM for Cr3+, Cu2+, and Hg2+, respectively. The TiO2 NR-based HMI sensor exhibited efficient charge transfer over the electrode toward the trace detection of Cr3+, Cu2+, and Hg2+. Moreover, the reliability of the TiO2 NR-based HMI sensor was assessed, which exhibited a promising stability of 30 days. The obtained results indicate that TiO2 NRs grown on an ITO substrate are a promising electrode material for detecting hazardous Cr3+, Cu2+, and Hg2+ and might eventually be commercialized in the near future.
Pneumonia: Recent Updates on Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Khan Maaz Ahsan , Bajwa Awais , Hussain Syed Talal
Published: February 2025

Pneumonia remains a leading cause of mortality internationally, making it an intense area of study for new tools for diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we evaluate the potential of recently emerging syndromic panels in promoting rapid diagnosis and improved antibiotic stewardship. We will also examine emerging treatments, including new antibiotics in a world of worsening antimicrobial resistance, in addition to new methods of delivery and non-antibiotic paths of treatment.