bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generalized Brillouin zone and non-Hermitian band theory
Authors: Hu Yu-Min , Song Fei , Wang Zhong ,   Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Published: November 2021

The energy band theory is one of the cornerstones of condensed matter physics. It also has wide applications in other branches of physics. Recently, a number of questions from non-Hermitian physics call for a generalization of energy band theory to non-Hermitian systems. In the study of non-Hermitian topological states, it has been found that such a generalization necessitates redefinitions of certain fundamental concepts of band theory. In particular, the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) causes the breakdown of Bloch-band picture and conventional bulk-boundary correspondence. To calculate the energy spectra and define topological invariants, the standard Brillouin zone gives way to the generalized Brillouin zone (GBZ). Many intriguing non-Hermitian phenomena, including the non-Hermitian skin effect, can be precisely characterized in terms of the generalized Brillouin zone. The non-Hermitian band theory based on the concept of generalized Brillouin zone, now generally known as the non-Bloch band theory, has successfully described and predicted a number of novel non-Hermitian phenomena. The present article provides a brief introduction to the main concepts of non-Bloch band theory, and its applications in the non-Hermitian bulk-boundary correspondence, Green’s functions, wave dynamics, chiral damping, and non-Bloch parity-time symmetry.
USP22‐mediated deubiquitination of PTEN inhibits pancreatic cancer progression by inducing p21 expression
Authors: Ren Dianyun , Sun Yan , Li Dan , Wu Heshui , Jin Xin
Published: November 2021

Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) is a dual lipid and protein phosphatase. Multiple mechanisms contributing to the regulation of PTEN levels have been identified thus far, including post‐translational modifications, epigenetic mechanisms, and transcriptional mechanisms. In the present study, we identified ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 22 (USP22) as a novel deubiquitination‐modifying enzyme of PTEN. Furthermore, by inducing deubiquitination and inhibiting the degradation of PTEN, USP22 could induce cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A, also symboled as p21) expression in pancreatic cancer. Besides, MDM2 proto‐oncogene (MDM2) inhibitor enhanced the antipancreatic cancer effects of USP22 overexpression. In addition to its regulation of MDM2‐tumor protein p53 (p53) signaling, we found that PTEN could induce p21 expression by interacting with ankyrin repeat and KH domain containing 1 (ANKHD1) and inhibiting ANKHD1 binding to the p21 promoter. Taken together, our results indicate that ANKHD1 and MDM2 might be novel therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer.
Improving radiation physics, tumor visualisation, and treatment quantification in radiotherapy with spectral or dual‐energy CT
Authors: Kruis Matthijs Ferdinand
Published: November 2021

Over the past decade, spectral or dual‐energy CT has gained relevancy, especially in oncological radiology. Nonetheless, its use in the radiotherapy (RT) clinic remains limited. This review article aims to give an overview of the current state of spectral CT and to explore opportunities for applications in RT.

In this article, three groups of benefits of spectral CT over conventional CT in RT are recognized. Firstly, spectral CT provides more information of physical properties of the body, which can improve dose calculation. Furthermore, it improves the visibility of tumors, for a wide variety of malignancies as well as organs‐at‐risk OARs, which could reduce treatment uncertainty. And finally, spectral CT provides quantitative physiological information, which can be used to personalize and quantify treatment.
Treatment Satisfaction and Decision‐making from the Patient Perspective in Axial Spondyloarthritis: Real‐World Data from a Descriptive Cross‐sectional Survey Study from the ArthritisPower Registry
Authors: Nowell William Benjamin , Gavigan Kelly , Hunter Theresa , Malatestinic William N. , Bolce Rebecca J. , Lisse Jeffrey R. , Himelein Carol , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Walsh Jessica A.
Published: November 2021

Objective

Aims were to 1) to characterize patient decision‐making with treatment for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and 2) to explore relationships among decision‐making, treatment satisfaction, and biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs).

Methods

ArthritisPower participants with physician‐diagnosed axSpA were invited to complete an online survey about their treatment and their most recent physician visit. Analysis compared treatment decision by satisfaction and bDMARD status.

Results

Among the 274 participants, 87.2% were female, and the mean age was 50 years. Of participants, 79.5% had researched treatment before their most recent physician visit, and 56.9% discussed treatment change at their most recent physician visit. Of treatment‐change discussions, 69.2% of them were related to escalation, compared with deescalation (27.6%) and/or switching (39.1%). Among those participants who discussed a change, 73.7% agreed to it because they felt that their disease was not being controlled (54.9%) or felt that it could be better controlled on new treatment (20.3%). Top symptoms prompting change were back/buttock pain (63.3%), other joint pain (55.1%), and fatigue (54.1%). Among bDMARD‐treated participants (n = 128), important factors for treatment decisions were prevention of long‐term axSpA consequences (92.9%) and doctor's advice (87.5%). Among 43.4% of participants reporting treatment dissatisfaction, 37% did not discuss treatment change. Current bDMARD use was more common in satisfied (61.9%) than dissatisfied participants (26.9%).

Conclusion

In this cross‐sectional study of a predominantly female axSpA population, patients frequently researched treatment options and discussed escalation with their providers. Under two‐thirds of participants who were dissatisfied with treatment discussed changes at their most recent visit. Current bDMARD use was associated with higher satisfaction, and bDMARD users considered prevention of long‐term consequences and doctor's advice to be very important for decision‐making.
Prognostic Value of Carbohydrate Antigen 19‐9 and the Surgical Margin in Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Yamamoto Ryusei , Sugiura Teiichi , Ashida Ryo , Ohgi Katsuhisa , Yamada Mihoko , Otsuka Shimpei , Uesaka Katsuhiko
Published: November 2021

Aim

The prognostic value of the perioperative carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) value and the prognostic relationship between the CA19‐9 value and the surgical margin in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC) have not been fully discussed.

Methods

A total of 390 patients who underwent curative resection for EHCC between 2002 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the perioperative CA19‐9 value, patients were divided into three groups: preoperative normal (Normal, n = 178), preoperative high and postoperative normal (Normalization, n = 155), and preoperative high and postoperative high (Nonnormalization, n = 57). Survival was analyzed according to the perioperative CA19‐9 value and surgical margin.

Results

The optimal cutoff value of CA19‐9 was 37 U/mL. Overall survival (OS) was significantly stratified according to the perioperative CA19‐9 value. The 5‐y OS rates in the Normal, Normalization, and Nonnormalization groups were 53%, 38%, and 23%, respectively (P < .001). Although the locoregional recurrence rate was comparable among the groups, the Normal group exhibited distant recurrence less frequently in comparison to the other groups. In the Normal group, the margin status had a significant impact on the OS (surgical resection with a negative margin [R0], 59% vs a microscopically positive margin [R1], 7% at 5‐y, P < .001). In contrast, in the Normalization and Nonnormalization groups, the OS rate of the R0 and R1 resection groups did not differ to a statistically significant extent.

Conclusion

The perioperative CA19‐9 value was related to the prognosis of resectable EHCC. A preoperative CA19‐9 value of ≥37 U/mL reflected systemic disease. R0 resection did not affect the survival in this patient group.
Impact of the KIT/PDGFRA genotype on prognosis in imatinib‐naïve Japanese patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Cho Haruhiko , Nishida Toshirou , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Masuzawa Toru , Hirota Seiichi
Published: November 2021

Background

Most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) harbor a mutation in KIT or platelet‐derived growth factor receptor alfa (PDGFRA). Although genotyping is a useful predictive marker of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, whether it can predict prognosis remains controversial.

Methods

Data on 402 patients with GIST who underwent macroscopically complete surgery and received no neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy were selected from a prospective GIST database at the three, participating hospitals. The types and locations of KIT and PDGFRA mutations were analyzed by direct sequencing of the amplified genes. The association between the genotypic characteristics and prognosis was then examined.

Results

Tumor genotypes were analyzed in 398 of 402 (99%) patients, and 120 mutation patterns were identified. KIT mutations had broad malignancy potential which differed according to the type of mutation. Deletion and deletion‐insertion type mutations were associated with worse RFS while duplication and substitution type mutations were associated with favorable RFS KIT deletion/deletion‐insertion, including codons 557 and 558, were especially associated with worse RFS on multivariate analysis both of all the patients and those with KIT mutations.

Conclusions

Specific GIST genotypes were significantly associated with a risk of recurrence. Genotype analysis may be useful for predicting the prognosis and determining the indications for adjuvant imatinib in patients with GIST.
From rhetorical “inclusion” toward decolonial futures: Building communities of resistance against structural violence
Authors: Dutta Urmitapa , Azad Abdul Kalam , Mullah Manjuwara , Hussain Kazi Sharowar , Parveez Wahida
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we name and uplift the ways in which Miya community workers are building communities of resistance as ways to address the manifold colonial, structural (including state‐sponsored), and epistemic violence in their lives. These active spaces of refusal and resistance constitute the grounds of our theorizing. Centering this theory in the flesh, we offer critical implications for decolonial liberatory praxis, specifically community‐engaged praxis in solidarity with people's struggles. In doing so, we speak to questions such as: What are the range of ways in which Global South communities are coming together to tackle various forms of political, social, epistemic, and racial injustice? What are ways of doing, being, and knowing that are produced at the borders and liminal zones? What are the varied ways in which people understand and name solidarities, alliances, and relationalities in pursuit of justice? We engage with these questions from our radically rooted places in Miya people's struggles via storytelling that not only confronts the historical and ongoing oppression, but also upholds desire—Interweaving and honoring rage, grief, pain, creativity, love, and communality.
Radioulnar contrasts in fingerprint ridge counts: Searching for dermatoglyphic markers of early sex development
Authors: Polcerová Lenka , Chovancová Mária , Králík Miroslav , Beňuš Radoslav , Klíma Ondřej , Meinerová Tereza , Čuta Martin , Petrová Mária Elisabeth
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Using prenatally fixed dermatoglyphics features as markers of prenatal sex development is limited due to insufficient knowledge on their sex differences. This study aims to examine more thoroughly sex differences in radioulnar contrasts.

Methods

Fingerprints of 360 females and 331 males from four samples of different ethnic backgrounds (Czechs, Slovaks, Vietnamese and Lusatian Sorbs) were studied. On both hands, finger ridge counts were recorded, and all possible radioulnar contrasts were computed as a difference between ridge count at a radial position minus ridge count at a respective ulnar position on the hand. Radioulnar contrasts with population‐congruent and numerically large dimorphism were selected and the dimorphism of the selected radioulnar contrasts was then tested using nonparametric analysis of variance.

Results

Greater dimorphism of radioulnar contrasts occurred on the right hand than on the left hand. Population congruent direction and relatively strong dimorphism (Cohen’sdgreater than 0.3) was found in six radioulnar contrasts on the right hand, all of which involved the radial ridge count of the 2nd finger. Of these, the highest average dimorphism was observed for the difference between the radial ridge count of the 2nd finger and the ulnar ridge count of the 4th finger (2r4u contrast), where the average effect size from all four population samples was comparable to a published average effect size of the 2D:4D finger length ratio.

Conclusion

We propose that 2r4u contrast of ridge counts could serve as a marker of prenatal sexual development targeting a temporally narrow developmental window.
Unravelling of a [High Spin—Low Spin] ↔ [Low Spin—High Spin] Equilibrium in Spin‐Crossover Iron(II) Dinuclear Helicates Using Paramagnetic NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Aleshin Dmitry Yu. , Diego Rosa , Barrios Leoní A. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Aromí Guillem , Novikov Valentin V.
Published: November 2021

Spin‐crossover between high‐spin (HS) and low‐spin (LS) states of selected transition metal ions in polynuclear and polymeric compounds is behind their use as multistep switchable materials in breakthrough electronic and spintronic devices. We report the first successful attempt to observe the dynamics of a rarely found broken‐symmetry spin state in binuclear complexes, which mixes the states [HS‐LS] and [LS‐HS] on a millisecond timescale. The slow exchange between these two states, which was identified by paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy in solutions of two spin‐crossover iron(II) binuclear helicates that are amenable to molecular design, opens a path to double quantum dot cellular automata for information storage and processing.
Control over Multiple Nano‐ and Secondary Structures in Peptide Self‐Assembly
Authors: Ghosh Goutam , Barman Ranajit , Mukherjee Anurag , Ghosh Uttam , Ghosh Suhrit , Fernández Gustavo
Published: November 2021

Herein, we report the rich morphological and conformational versatility of a biologically active peptide (PEP‐1), which follows diverse self‐assembly pathways to form up to six distinct nanostructures and up to four different secondary structures through subtle modulation in pH, concentration and temperature. PEP‐1 forms twisted β‐sheet secondary structures and nanofibers at pH 7.4, which transform into fractal‐like structures with strong β‐sheet conformations at pH 13.0 or short disorganized elliptical aggregates at pH 5.5. Upon dilution at pH 7.4, the nanofibers with twisted β‐sheet secondary structural elements convert into nanoparticles with random coil conformations. Interestingly, these two self‐assembled states at pH 7.4 and room temperature are kinetically controlled and undergo a further transformation into thermodynamically stable states upon thermal annealing: whereas the twisted β‐sheet structures and corresponding nanofibers transform into 2D sheets with well‐defined β‐sheet domains, the nanoparticles with random coil structures convert into short nanorods with α‐helix conformations. Notably, PEP‐1 also showed high biocompatibility, low hemolytic activity and marked antibacterial activity, rendering our system a promising candidate for multiple bio‐applications.
Multiplexed Small‐Molecule‐Ligand Binding Assays by Affinity Labeling and DNA Sequence Analysis**
Authors: Cai Bo , Krusemark Casey J.
Published: November 2021

Small‐molecule binding assays to target proteins are a core component of drug discovery and development. While a number of assay formats are available, significant drawbacks still remain in cost, sensitivity, and throughput. To improve assays by capitalizing on the power of DNA sequence analysis, we have developed an assay method that combines DNA encoding with split‐and‐pool sample handling. The approach involves affinity labeling of DNA‐linked ligands to a protein target. Critically, the labeling event assesses ligand binding and enables subsequent pooling of several samples. Application of a purifying selection on the pool for protein‐labeled DNAs allows detection of ligand binding by quantification of DNA barcodes. We demonstrate the approach in both ligand displacement and direct binding formats and demonstrate its utility in determination of relative ligand affinity, profiling ligand specificity, and high‐throughput small‐molecule screening.
Electrochemical Trifluoromethoxylation of (Hetero)aromatics with a Trifluoromethyl Source and Oxygen
Authors: Ouyang Yao , Xu Xiu‐Hua , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: November 2021

Trifluoromethoxylated aromatics (ArOCF3) are valuable structural motifs in the area of drug discovery due to the enhancement of their desired physicochemical properties upon the introduction of the trifluoromethoxy group (CF3O). Although significant progress has been made recently in the introduction of CF3O group into aromatics, current methods either require the use of expensive trifluoromethoxylation reagents or require harsh reaction conditions. We present a conceptually new and operationally simple protocol for the direct C−H trifluoromethoxylation of (hetero)aromatics by the combination of the readily available trifluoromethylating reagent and oxygen under electrochemical reaction conditions. This reaction proceeds through the initial generation of CF3 radical followed by conversion to CF3O radical, addition to (hetero)aromatics and rearomatization. The utility of this electrochemical trifluoromethoxylation is illustrated by the direct incorporation of CF3O group into a variety of (hetero)aromatics as well as bio‐relevant molecules.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons as a New Class of Promising Cathode Materials for Aluminum‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kong Dongqing , Cai Tonghui , Fan Haodong , Hu Haoyu , Wang Xiaohui , Cui Yongpeng , Wang Dandan , Wang Yesheng , Hu Han , Wu Mingbo , Xue Qingzhong , Yan Zifeng , Li Xuejin , Zhao Lianming , Xing Wei
Published: November 2021

As an emerging post‐lithium battery technology, aluminum ion batteries (AIBs) have the advantages of large Al reserves and high safety, and have great potential to be applied to power grid energy storage. But current graphite cathode materials are limited in charge storage capacity due to the formation of stage‐4 graphite‐intercalated compounds (GICs) in the fully charged state. Herein, we propose a new type of cathode materials for AIBs, namely polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which resemble graphite in terms of the large conjugated π bond, but do not form GICs in the charge process. Quantum chemistry calculations show that PAHs can bind AlCl4− through the interaction between the conjugated π bond in the PAHs and AlCl4−, forming on‐plane interactions. The theoretical specific capacity of PAHs is negatively correlated with the number of benzene rings in the PAHs. Then, under the guidance of theoretical calculations, anthracene, a three‐ring PAH, was evaluated as a cathode material for AIBs. Electrochemical measurements show that anthracene has a high specific capacity of 157 mAh g−1 (at 100 mA g−1) and still maintains a specific capacity of 130 mAh g−1 after 800 cycles. This work provides a feasible “theory guides practice” research model for the development of energy storage materials, and also provides a new class of promising cathode materials for AIBs.
Selective Approaches to α‐ and β‐Arylated Vinyl Ethers
Authors: Domzalska‐Pieczykolan Anna , Funes‐Ardoiz Ignacio , Furman Bartłomiej , Bolm Carsten
Published: November 2021

We developed simple and efficient protocols for palladium‐catalyzed regioselective α‐ and β‐arylations of structurally diverse vinyl ethers. Both catalytic methods proceed under relatively mild reactions conditions applying to a broad substrate range including more complex compounds providing arylated glucal or isochromene. Lacking the common requirement of a large reagent excess, the transformations are highly economic and limiting the waste production. Results from computational studies (DFT) provided insight into the key factors determining the pronounced regioselectivities of the investigated reactions.
Condensed Supramolecular Helices: The Twisted Sisters of DNA
Authors: Du Guanqun , Belić Domagoj , Del Giudice Alessandra , Alfredsson Viveka , Carnerup Anna M. , Zhu Kaizheng , Nyström Bo , Wang Yilin , Galantini Luciano , Schillén Karin
Published: November 2021

Condensation of DNA helices into hexagonally packed bundles and toroids represents an intriguing example of functional organization of biological macromolecules at the nanoscale. The condensation models are based on the unique polyelectrolyte features of DNA, however here we could reproduce a DNA‐like condensation with supramolecular helices of small chiral molecules, thereby demonstrating that it is a more general phenomenon. We show that the bile salt sodium deoxycholate can form supramolecular helices upon interaction with oppositely charged polyelectrolytes of homopolymer or block copolymers. At higher order, a controlled hexagonal packing of the helices into DNA‐like bundles and toroids could be accomplished. The results disclose unknown similarities between covalent and supramolecular non‐covalent helical polyelectrolytes, which inspire visionary ideas of constructing supramolecular versions of biological macromolecules. As drug nanocarriers the polymer–bile salt superstructures would get advantage of a complex chirality at molecular and supramolecular levels, whose effect on the nanocarrier assisted drug efficiency is a still unexplored fascinating issue.
Tailoring the Pore Surface of 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks via Post‐Synthetic Click Chemistry
Authors: Gui Bo , Liu Xuefen , Cheng Yuanpeng , Zhang Ya , Chen Pohua , He Minghui , Sun Junliang , Wang Cheng
Published: November 2021

Three‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (3D COFs) have gained increasing attention for their attractive features. However, the development of 3D COFs is strongly restricted, mainly due to their synthetic difficulty and complicated structure determination. Post‐synthetic modification, which can avoid these problems by incorporating functional moieties into a predetermined framework, provides an alternative way to construct 3D COFs with specific functions. Herein, we report the designed synthesis and characterization of a series of highly crystalline 3D COFs with different loadings of ethynyl groups. Notably, these alkyne‐tagged 3D COFs provide a platform for targeted anchoring various specific groups onto the pore walls via click reactions. Moreover, the pore surface engineering can accordingly change their properties, for example, the obtained click products exhibited higher CO2/N2 selectivity. We describe a simple but powerful strategy to build functional 3D COFs, which will certainly advance them for a ranging of interesting applications in the future.
Influence of siloxanes viscosity and concentration on low‐temperature impact modification and melt flow behavior of polycarbonate
Authors: Srivastava Jitendra Nath , Gupta Sanjiv Kumar
Published: November 2021

Reactive blending of polycarbonate (PC) with hydroxyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSOH) enhances the impact strength at sub‐zero temperature and also influences the melt flow property of the modified PC. Both viscosity and concentration of the siloxane play role differently on modification of the properties. PDMSOH was incorporated in the polymer chains of PC by transesterification reaction in presence of alkali catalyst. Higher concentrations of siloxane though increased low‐temperature ductility but often at the expense of undue enhancement of melt flow property. Selection of PDMSOH of an appropriate viscosity however could overcome this problem. Different grades of siloxane modified PC could be developed having good impact strength at −30°C while simultaneously maintaining its desired melt flow property. Izod impact tester, melt flow index meter, viscometer, UV–Vis spectrometer and scanning electron microscope were used to characterize the material. This work will pave the way for developing desired grades of PC for low‐temperature applications.
Impact of video content and resolution on the cognitive dynamics of surveillance decision‐making
Authors: Frame Mary E. , Maresca Anna M. , Boydstun Alan S. , Warren Rik
Published: November 2021

Security screeners identify targets from surveillance videos. Their performance can fluctuate as resolution or video content salience varies. Image spatial resolution may be degraded if a camera has low pixel density. Similarly, temporal resolution can be degraded due to transmission interference or low bandwidth. Both types of deteriorated resolution can increase observer uncertainty and reduce target identification accuracy. Further, these outcomes may reflect an interaction between target type and resolution. To help quantify, study, and explain possible interactions, we utilize process‐tracing methodology to understand the cognitive dynamics of surveillance decisions. These insights can improve the development of surveillance augmentation technologies and processes. Mouse tracking is a robust process‐tracing method successfully leveraged to observe continuously unfolding cognitive processes. Lateral vacillating mouse movements reflect decision uncertainty, and trajectory curvature serves measures cognitive conflict to select an unchosen alternative. We utilized mouse tracking to measure decision conflict during a video surveillance task with varying salience due to resolution or target type. Greater cognitive conflict was found when observers classified person‐related targets compared to vehicle‐related targets. Trajectories indicated stronger certainty when classifying events as having occurred, rather than when indicating events did not occur. Greater cognitive conflict was seen under degraded spatial resolution when observers were moderately confident compared to strongly confident or reported themselves as guessing. Under degraded temporal resolution, the greatest cognitive conflict occurred when observers reported they were guessing. Beyond these findings, we have demonstrated the viability of mouse tracking as an unobtrusive process‐tracing method for measuring uncertainty during realistic surveillance.
Insight of oral vaccines as an alternative approach to health and disease management: An innovative intuition and challenges
Authors: Debnath Nabendu , Thakur Mony , Khushboo  , Negi Neelam P. , Gautam Vibhav , Kumar Yadav Ashok , Kumar Deepak
Published: November 2021

Vaccination is the most suitable and persuasive healthcare program for the prohibition of various deadly diseases. However, the higher production cost and purification strategies are out of reach for the developing nations. In this scenario, development of edible vaccine turns out to be the most promising alternative for remodeling the pharmaceutical industry with reduced production and purification costs. Generally, oral route of vaccination is mostly preferred due to its safety, compliance, low manufacturing cost and most importantly the ability to induce immunity in both systemic and mucosal sites. Genetically modified microorganisms and plants could efficiently be used as vehicles for edible vaccines. Edible vaccines are supposed to reduce the risk associated with traditional vaccines. Currently, oral vaccines are available in the market for several viral and bacterial diseases like cholera, hepatitis B, malaria, rabies etc. Herein, the review focuses on the breakthrough events in the area of edible vaccines associated with dietary microbes and plants for better control over diseases.
Relationship between PPAR‐γ gene polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Cheng Fan , Si Xiao‐Min , Yang Gong‐Li , Zhou Lan
Published: November 2021

Background

Published researches have suggested some associations between PPAR‐γ and ischemic stroke (IS) development. This meta‐analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between PPAR‐γ gene polymorphisms and IS risk.

Materials and methods

A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang databases. The pooled association of odd ratios (ORs) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to assess the IS risk of PPAR‐γ rs1801282 C/G and rs3856806 C/T polymorphisms. Furthermore, the heterogeneity test, cumulative analyses, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias were conducted.

Result

Sixteen publications with 3786 cases and 5343 controls were identified. Overall findings indicated that rs1801282 C/G polymorphism may be associated with an increased risk for IS (GG vs. CC: OR = 2.17 95%CI = 1.09–4.35, p = .03, I2 = 0%; GG vs. CC+CG: OR = 2.15, 95%CI = 1.07–4.32, p = .03, I2 = 0%). The similar results were also found in the subgroup analysis. In addition, no significant association was observed between rs3856806 C/T polymorphism and IS risk.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our study showed that PPAR‐γ rs1801282 C/G polymorphism probably plays an important role in IS occurrence. The result should be verified with more studies in the future.
Development of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate‐containing thioglycolic acid immobilized chitosan mucoadhesive gel as an alternative hormone therapy for menopausal syndrome
Authors: Yang I‐Hsuan , Lin I‐En , Liang Ya‐Jyun , Lin Jhih‐Ni , Chen Tzu‐Chien , Chen Zhi‐Yu , Kuan Che‐Yung , Chi Chih‐Ying , Li Chi‐Han , Wu Hung‐Ming , Lin Feng‐Huei
Published: November 2021

Menopausal syndrome includes the symptoms that most women experience owing to hormone changes after menopause. Although hormone replacement therapy is a common treatment for menopausal syndrome, there are still many side effects and challenges hindering research. In this study, thioglycolic acid (TGA)‐immobilized chitosan mucoadhesive gel was synthesized by a new method of low concentration of 1,4‐butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) would encapsulate di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as an alternative hormone replacement therapy for menopausal syndrome. The efficacies of the DEHP‐containing TGA‐chitosan gel (CT‐D) were confirmed and evaluated by materials characterization and in vitro study. Results showed that CT‐D was not cytotoxic and had better mucoadhesive ability than chitosan. The animal model was constructed 1 month after bilateral ovariectomy in SD rats. CT‐D was administered intravaginally every 3 days. Bodyweight, wet weight of the uterus and vagina, vaginal smears, histology, blood element analysis, and serological analysis was used to assess the ability of the material to relieve menopausal syndrome. The results indicated that the combination of the sustained release of DEHP and mucoadhesive TGA‐immobilized chitosan allows the developed CT‐D to relieve the menopausal syndrome through low concentrations of DEHP, which falls in the safety level of the tolerable daily intake of DEHP.
Workplace COVID‐19 vaccine incentives and the ADA
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: November 2021

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission released guidance at the beginning of this summer that addressed mandatory workplace vaccinations, vaccine incentives, and confidentiality requirements for vaccination information (see Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, What You Should Know About Covid‐19 and the ADA, the Rehabilitation Act, and Other EEO Laws (May 28, 2021)). Most notably, the guidance, which updated the EEOC's end‐of‐the‐year guidance from 2020, sanctions mandatory employer vaccine policies — with limited exceptions for employees who cannot receive the vaccine because of disability or religious reasons. Equally of note, the guidance maintains that employers may lawfully offer vaccine incentives without running afoul of the Americans with Disabilities Act or the Genetic Information Non‐discrimination Act.
Volatile Composition Variability of Arnica montana Wild Populations of Trentino‐Alto Adige, Italy, Determined by Headspace‐Solid Phase Microextraction
Authors: Fusani Pietro , Aiello Nicola , Shachter Alona , Dudai Nativ
Published: November 2021

Arnica montana is a plant distributed in most of Europe, including the Alpine arc and Apennines in Italy, and traditionally used worldwide for medicinal properties. Twelve natural populations of the species from Trentino‐Alto Adige, Italy, were characterized using Headspace‐Solid Phase Microextraction analysis for their volatile profile. Fifty‐one compounds were detected in flower heads, the most abundant being (E)‐Caryophyllene (23.4 %), 2,2,4,6,6‐Pentamethylheptane (8.3 %), α‐ trans‐Bergamotene (7.2 %), Germacrene D (5.7 %), and Hexanal (5.3 %). A multivariate analysis performed on the ten most abundant compounds grouped these investigated accessions into five main clusters. Three clusters, comprising together five accessions, were linked to the geographical origin of two collection sites. This work is a complete characterization of volatiles of the species by SPME analysis reported to date. Furthermore, results suggest that the species’ volatile profile can be linked to the geographical origin of the natural populations and, therefore, represent a tool for evaluating biodiversity within the species.
The relevance of post‐traumatic stress disorder as a moderator of the relationship between experience of violent or sexual assault and opioid use in adulthood
Authors: Wojciechowski Thomas
Published: November 2021

Background

Past research has indicated that individuals suffering from post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may demonstrate increased sensitivity to stress exposure following onset of the disorder. Thus, having PTSD may amplify the effects of subsequent stressors. This has been found to be relevant in some forms of substance use but relationships between PTSD, new stress and opioid use specifically has not been examined.

Aims

To explore interactions between PTSD, new victimisation and opioid use and test the hypothesis that PTSD will moderate any victimisation–opioid use relationship.

Methods

The pathways to desistance data were used in analyses. A series of logistic regression models were used to test both direct effects of victimisation and PTSD on opioid use and interactions between them.

Results

The sample was comprised of a male majority (male N = 1,170; female N = 184). Results indicated that neither PTSD nor victimisation were significant predictors of opioid use. PTSD was found to moderate the relationship between victimisation and opioid use in the hypothesised manner.

Conclusions

There may be clinical implications of these results relating to both inpatient and outpatient treatment. Regular trauma screening, additional victims' services and trauma‐informed care may help to reduce the risk of opioid use among individuals suffering from PTSD.
Effects of genotype and storage on physicochemical and functional properties of soybean protein isolates
Authors: Lindemann Igor da Silva , Lang Gustavo Heinrich , Batista Cristian de Souza , El Halal Shanise Lisie Mello , Santos Jaqueline Pozzada dos , Vanier Nathan Levien
Published: November 2021

Background and Objectives

Soy protein isolates (SPIs) play important roles in many food products because they exhibit good nutritional value and positive effects on food texture. In this study, SPIs of 12‐month stored and non‐stored soybeans, from six genotypes (NS 5959, NS 5909, NS 6535, 95R95IPRO, 96Y90, and CZ26B42), were investigated. The extraction yield, purity, sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, relative fluorescence intensity, water and oil holding capacities, emulsion stability, solubility at different pH, and foaming properties were evaluated.

Findings

Storage reduced the extraction yield in all genotypes and increased the protein surface hydrophobicity of the 95R95IPRO genotype. The NS 5959 SPI presented higher water and oil absorption capacities. The emulsions of the NS 5909 SPI presented greater phase separation, mainly on the 7th and 9th days, compared with those of the other genotypes.

Conclusion

The functional characteristics of SPI depend on soybean genotype and storage. Like this, industries must be aware of segregating lots by their traits in order to obtain SPI with unique characteristics for certain applications.

Significance and Novelty

This study demonstrated detailed structural, molecular, and functional properties of SPI from soybean genotypes produced in Brazil. Results may be useful to industries and soybean researchers in order to develop soybean and SPI products with specific characteristics.
Eslicarbazepine‐induced severe hyponatremia resulted in generalized tonic‐clonic seizure
Authors: Habib Mhd Baraa , Elshafei Mohammad , Ali Elrazi , Sardar Sundus , Ali Khaled , Haddad Naim , Abdelaty Mohamed
Published: November 2021

Although eslicarbazepine is an anti‐seizure medication, it may result in seizure worsening if its use is complicated by severe hyponatremia, even long time after commencing this medication. The treatment is a replacement for another ASM.
A case of papillary hyperplasia of thyroid misdiagnosed as papillary thyroid carcinoma: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Alharbi Sara Faisal , Abba Arwa Ahmed , Hafiz Amal Abdulghaffar , Abdulhalim Aroob Mohammedamin , Bokhari Gadir Yaqoub , Esheba Ghada Elsayed
Published: November 2021

Overdiagnosis of papillary thyroid hyperplasia which may mimic papillary thyroid carcinoma in fine‐needle aspiration and frozen section has a serious impact on the patient. Therefore, it is important to know the difference between them to avoid over or undertreatment.
Gallstone ileus: A rare cause of small intestine obstruction
Authors: Mulita Francesk , Tchabashvili Levan , Bousis Dimitrios , Kehagias Dimitrios , Kaplanis Charalampos , Liolis Elias , Perdikaris Ioannis , Iliopoulos Fotios , Verras Georgios‐Ioannis , Bouchagier Konstantinos
Published: November 2021

Gallstone ileus is a very rare cause of mechanical bowel obstruction with often‐delayed presentation and nonspecific symptoms. Aerobilia is found in approximately 50% of patients with gallstone ileus.
Addressing oral health barriers to care in head and neck cancer patients using a novel collaborative care approach
Authors: Greaves Matthew D. , Vargo Richard J. , Davis Joan M.
Published: November 2021

With appropriate interprofessional collaboration, dental schools have the capacity to facilitate the dental management of patients with head and neck cancer who are facing multiple barriers to care.
Response to pazopanib‐based combination regimen in a case of FGFR3 amplified gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Limaye Sewanti , Patil Darshana , Akolkar Dadasaheb , Srivastava Navin , Patil Revati , Apurwa Sachin , Patil Sanket , John Jinumary , Gosavi Rahul , Nesargikar Prabhu , Kumar Prashant , Datta Vineet , Bose Chirantan , Raazi Zarrine , Srinivasan Ajay , Datar Rajan
Published: November 2021

Angiogenesis inhibitors (AGI) are not presently used for the treatment of gastric cancers. This report demonstrates that angiogenesis inhibitor can be safely and effectively used in combination with cytotoxic anti‐cancer agents for treatment of Gastric cancers.
Spontaneously shrinking lung mass due to Mycobacterium avium mimicking lung cancer
Authors: Kinjo Takeshi , Uechi Kohei , Kami Wakaki , Fujita Jiro
Published: November 2021

NTM‐SPN is often indistinguishable from malignancy. Although surgical resection is sometimes chosen for the diagnosis and treatment, the mass in this case shrank spontaneously. Careful observation is required to avoid unnecessary interventions.
Paraquat‐induced acute kidney and liver injury: Case report of a survivor from Bangladesh
Authors: Asaduzzaman Md , Chando Monotush Ronjon , Ahmed Nasad , Rezwanul Islam Khandaker Mohammad , Alam Munsi Mohammad Jahangir , Roy Soumitra
Published: November 2021

Despite high fatality following paraquat ingestion, a few percentages of patients survive even after organ damage appears. We need to focus more on careful clinical and laboratory monitoring. Early diagnosis and Supportive therapy are crucial.
Lung metastasis from renal cell carcinoma 16 years after nephrectomy: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Singh Moushami , Aryal Vinayak , Dangol Ashis Man Singh , Neupane Karun , Gurung Banita , Shrestha Suniti , Tuladhar Sampurna Man , Maskey Swechha , Dhakal Hari Prasad
Published: November 2021

Renal cell carcinoma can have lung metastasis even after a long interval of radical nephrectomy (16 years after nephrectomy in our case). If any pulmonary nodule is diagnosed with a history of RCC, pulmonary metastasis of RCC should be suspected and should be appropriately treated.
Multilevel percutaneous vertebroplasty with the Spine Jack® system in a patient with Cushing disease
Authors: Gil‐Ortiz Cuauhtemoc , Ramírez‐Romero Alberto , Bonifacio‐Delgadillo Dulce , Lagos‐Servellon Javier
Published: November 2021

Background

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV) is a minimally invasive procedure that requires the injection of cement into a fractured vertebral body. Spine Jack® is a vertebroplasty system with an intracorporal implant designed to restore the height of the vertebral body in osteoporotic vertebral fractures. There are no reported cases of PV with Spine Jack® system as treatment for multilevel compression fractures in patients with vertebral osteoporosis due to Cushing disease.

Case presentation

A 55‐year‐old man with lumbago, impaired deambulation 6 weeks prior to presentation, with Oswestry score of 72% and a visual analogue scale (VAS) score of 9 points. Imaging studies showed osteoporotic fractures at T5, T8, T11, T12, and L1‐L5 vertebrae secondary to Cushing disease. PV was performed with a Spine Jack® intracorporal implant device, in three sessions, and multiple levels were operated at each intervention. Post‐operative course demonstrated improvement of pain, height, correction of the kyphotic angle and Oswestry score, without any neurological deficits despite having nine vertebral fractures.

Conclusion

Percutaneous vertebroplasty with the Spine Jack® system is a safe and effective procedure to treat multilevel vertebral fractures due to Cushing disease, improving the quality of life and allowing the patient to remain pain‐free while avoiding major surgery.
Rapid response to mycophenolate mofetil in combination with romiplostim in a case of severe refractory immune thrombocytopenia post COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Nutalapati Snigdha , Gupta Garima , Hildebrandt Gerhard C.
Published: November 2021

Vaccine mediated immune mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP) is exceedingly rare. We present a case of a young female who developed severe refractory ITP with multiple bleeding sites post second dose of COVID‐19 vaccination. She was treated with a combination of romiplostim and mycophenolate mofetil that resulted in rapid platelet count recovery.
Wandering spleen with splenic arteriovenous torsion
Authors: Hashiguchi Genichi , Hamada Takashi , Yamashita Mampei , Kuroki Tamotsu
Published: November 2021

Splenic arteriovenous torsion causes splenomegaly and ischemic necrosis of the spleen. The recommended treatment for wandering spleen with hypersplenism is considered to be splenectomy.
Knowledge of cytogenetic analysis for synovial sarcoma in sarcomatoid variant renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Raza Vishal Farid , Arshad Dawood , Irshad Khalid , Khan Khalid Javeed
Published: November 2021

Sarcomatoid change in a renal tumor should undergo cytogenetic analysis of t(x;18) to prevent a missed diagnosis of synovial sarcoma. Surgeons should be vigilant regarding pathological correlation.
Acupuncture management for the acute frozen shoulder: A case report
Authors: Kim Yun Jin
Published: November 2021

After an acupuncture treatment 24 times, the symptoms are recovered right shoulder both active and passive full range of movement in all directions, and pain‐free. Furthermore, no adverse effects were observed.
Joint Method for the Experimental and Computational Characterization of Ammonia Absorption Columns
Authors: Allenbrand Corban
Published: November 2021

Well‐designed absorption columns are indispensable to industry. A prototypical system is the absorption of gaseous NH3. This experiment employed the method of transfer units where collection of vapor (V) and liquid (L) flow rates and concentrations enabled the characterization of the number of transfer units (NTU), height of transfer unit (HTU), and overall gas phase mass transfer coefficient (Ky). A nonmonotonic relationship between V, L, NTU, and HTU values was found; Ky showed a monotonic relationship with V and L. Computer‐simulated, correlation‐based, and experimental NTU, HTU, and Ky values demonstrated close numerical similarities. This experiment highlighted the importance of a combined empirical, theoretical, and simulation approach in achieving more reliable results from absorption column analysis.
Digital entrepreneurship: Some features of new social interactions
Authors: Braune Eric , Dana Leo‐Paul
Published: November 2021

Digital technologies permit a massive reduction of transaction costs. As a result, traditional social interactions that take place in the entrepreneurial ecosystem are disrupted and a new landscape emerges. Digital platforms are the organizational form that benefit most from reductions in transaction costs; they take a prominent advantage from their ability to scout worldwide emergent knowledge, as well their ability to match extraordinarily heterogenous demands with dedicated supply. Digital platforms shape social interactions and the ways value is created in the global economy. As such, they are becoming the cornerstone of the digital entrepreneurship ecosystem. This special issue highlights some of the key features of the renewal of social interactions in the digital entrepreneurship ecosystem and opens up avenues for future research.
The utility of high‐risk human papillomavirus in situ hybridization in cytology cell block material from cystic head and neck lesions
Authors: Han Lucy M. , Saunders Tara A. , Calkins Sarah M.
Published: November 2021

Background

Human papillomavirus–related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV‐OPSCC) presents frequently as metastasis in a neck lymph node that may be cystic or necrotic. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies are often first‐line diagnostic procedures. p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a surrogate marker for high‐risk HPV (hrHPV) infection but can be challenging to interpret. This study evaluated the use of hrHPV in situ hybridization (ISH) in cytology cell blocks of cystic neck lesions.

Methods

Twenty‐four FNA cases with cell blocks and surgical correlates were evaluated. p16 IHC and hrHPV ISH were assessed on cell blocks (C‐p16 and C‐hrHPV ISH), and hrHPV ISH on surgical samples (S‐hrHPV ISH). All results were classified as negative, positive, or equivocal.

Results

Two cases were excluded because of insufficient tissue on recut. On the basis of C‐hrHPV ISH cases, 12 were positive, 5 were negative, and 5 were equivocal. All 12 positive C‐hrHPV ISH cases had concordant S‐hrHPV ISH with no false positives. Of the 5 negative C‐hrHPV ISH cases, 4 had concordant S‐hrHPV ISH, and 1 had a discordant S‐hrHPV ISH. Of the 5 equivocal C‐hrHPV ISH cases, S‐hrHPV ISH were both positive and negative. Fourteen cases were equivocal by C‐p16; 9 cases were reliably classified by C‐hrHPV ISH (5 positive, 4 negative; 64%).

Conclusions

C‐hrHPV ISH can be reliably used, especially when positive. A negative or equivocal interpretation of C‐hrHPV ISH may warrant repeat testing. Compared to C‐p16, C‐hrHPV ISH is more frequently diagnostic and could be helpful for HPV‐OSCC diagnosis and management.