bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical profiling of Piper crocatum and its antifungal activity as Lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase CYP51 inhibitor: a review
Authors: Siswina Tessa , Miranti Rustama Mia , Sumiarsa Dadan , Kurnia Dikdik
Published: September 2022

Mycoses or fungal infections are a general health problem that often occurs in healthy and immunocompromised people in the community. The development of resistant strains in Fungi and the incidence of azole antibiotic resistance in the Asia Pacific which reached 83% become a critical problem nowadays. To control fungal infections, substances and extracts isolated from natural resources, especially in the form of plants as the main sources of drug molecules today, are needed. Especially from Piperaceae, which have long been used in India, China, and Korea to treat human ailments in traditional medicine. The purpose of this review was to describe antifungal activity from Piper crocatum and its phytochemical profiling against lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase CYP51. The methods used search databases from Google Scholar to find the appropriate databases using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram as a clinical information retrieval method. From 1,150,000 results search by database, there were 73 selected articles to review. The review shows that P. crocatum contains flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, saponins, polyphenols, eugenol, alkaloids, quinones, chavibetol acetate, glycosides, triterpenoids or steroids, hydroxychavikol, phenolics, glucosides, isoprenoids, and non-protein amino acids. Its antifungal mechanisms in fungal cells occur due to ergosterol especially lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase CYP51 inhibition as a result of 5,6 desaturase (ERG3) downregulation. P. crocatum has an antifungal activity by its phytochemical profiling that act against fungi by inhibiting the fungal cytochrome P 450 pathway, make damaging cell membranes, fungal growth inhibition, morphological changes, and fungal cell lysis.
What you need to know about: acute liver failure
Authors: Matthewman Madeline Coxwell , Warrillow Stephen
Published: September 2022

Acute liver failure is a rare but important clinical syndrome, with a high mortality rate. Prompt recognition, appropriate management and early referral to a liver transplant centre can lead to good outcomes in these critically unwell patients. This article gives an overview of the key clinical challenges and optimal management of patients with acute liver failure. Acute liver failure is defined and a comprehensive list of aetiologies and suggested investigations is provided. The clinical challenges of sepsis, renal impairment, coagulopathy, hypoglycaemia, haemodynamic instability and cerebral oedema are discussed. Quadruple H therapy, a combination of therapies aimed to reduce cerebral oedema in acute liver failure, is described. A systemic guide to managing patients with acute liver failure is provided, as are indications for referral to a liver transplant centre.
Attachment states of mind, mentalization, and their correlates in a first‐episode psychosis sample
Authors: MacBeth Angus , Gumley Andrew , Schwannauer Matthias , Fisher Rebecca
Published: September 2022

Objectives. Although there has been increased interest in applying attachment theory to the psychological understanding of psychosis, research to date has focused on self‐reported attachment and psychotic symptomatology. This study presents evidence for applying attachment and mentalization constructs to understanding engagement and adaptation to first‐episode psychosis (FEP), using a narrative based interview.

Design. A cross‐sectional cohort design was used.

Methods. Thirty‐four individuals with a first episode of psychosis were interviewed using the Adult Attachment Interview. Attachment classifications and reflective function scores were derived from the interview. Psychotic symptomatology, premorbid adjustment, duration of untreated psychosis, and psychological variables were also measured.

Results. Attachment distribution was heterogeneous in the sample, although the majority of participants were classified dismissing of attachment. Mentalization scores were consistent with previous clinical samples. Attachment and mentalization were unrelated to psychotic symptomatology.

Conclusions. The current study demonstrates, albeit with a small clinical sample, the importance of assessing attachment and mentalization via narrative methods. The findings also have clinical implications for understanding the process of engagement and adaptation in FEP.
Quantum-cascade-laser-absorption-spectroscopy diagnostic for temperature, pressure, and NO X
2
Π
1/2 at 500  kHz in shock-heated air at elevated pressures
Authors: Gilvey Jonathan J. , Ruesch Morgan D. , Daniel Kyle A. , Downing Charley R. , Lynch Kyle P. , Wagner Justin L. , Goldenstein Christopher S.
Published: September 2022

The design, validation, and application of a
quantum-cascade-laser-absorption-spectroscopy diagnostic for measuring
gas temperature, pressure, and nitric oxide (NO) in high-temperature
air are presented. A distributed-feedback quantum-cascade laser (QCL)
centered near

1976

c
m

−
1

was used to scan across two
transitions of NO in its ground electronic state (

X

2

Π

1

/

2

). A measurement rate of
500 kHz was achieved using a single QCL by: (1) performing
current modulation through a bias-tee, and (2) targeting closely
spaced transitions with a large difference in lower-state energy. The
diagnostic was validated in a mixture of 95% argon and 5% NO, which
was shock-heated to

≈
2000

to 3700 K. The average mean
percent differences between laser-absorption-spectroscopy (LAS)
measurements and predictions from shock-jump relations for
temperature, pressure, and NO mole fraction were 3.1%, 4.1%, and 6.5%,
respectively. The diagnostic was then applied to characterize
shock-heated air at high temperatures (up to

≈
5500

K

) and high pressures (up to
12 atm) behind either incident or reflected shocks. The LAS
measurements were compared to theoretical predictions from shock-jump
relations, pressure sensors mounted in the wall of the shock tube, and
equilibrium values of the NO mole fraction. The average mean percent
differences between LAS measurements and their aforementioned
reference values were 3.2%, 10.8%, and 10.4% for temperature,
pressure, and NO mole fraction, respectively. Last, a comparison
between a measured NO mole fraction time history and a time-stepped
homogeneous reactor simulation performed using two different chemical
kinetics mechanisms is presented.
Impact of a prestrained graded InGaN/GaN interlayer towards enhanced optical characteristics of a multi-quantum well LED based on silicon substrate
Authors: Das Samadrita , Lenka Trupti Ranjan , Talukdar Fazal Ahmed , Sadaf Sharif Md. , Velpula Ravi Teja , Nguyen Hieu Pham Trung
Published: September 2022

This paper presents alternate
pairs of InGaN/GaN prestrained layers with varying indium
compositions, which are
inserted between the GaN/InGaN
MQW active region and the n-GaN layer in a light-emitting diode (LED)
nanostructure in order to obtain enhanced optical
characteristics. The device is mounted on a silicon substrate followed
by a GaN buffer layer that promotes charge injection by minimizing the
energy barrier between the electrode and active layers. The designed
device attains more than 2.897% enhancement in efficiency when
compared with the conventional LED, which is attributed to the
reduction of a polarization field within the MQW region. The proposed
device with 15% indium composition in the prestrained layer attains a
maximum efficiency of 85.21% and a minimized efficiency droop of
3.848% at an injection current of 40 mA, with high luminous
power in the output spectral range. The device also shows a minimum
blueshift in the spectral range, indicating a decrease in the
piezoelectric polarization.
Theoretical analysis of a 60  W solar-pumped single crystal fiber laser
Authors: Xiang Pengfei , Lan Lanling , Liu Yan , Qi Hongfei , Tang Yulong , Ma Xiuhua
Published: September 2022

In order to improve the output power of solar-pumped single-crystal fiber (SCF) lasers, we propose a novel solar concentrating system, to the best of our knowledge, consisting of a parabolic mirror, a 3D compound parabolic concentrator, and a hollow-core reflector. By ray tracing with TracePro, the influence of the fiber’s diameter and the hollow reflector’s shape on the solar absorption efficiency is theoretically investigated. A typical Nd:YAG SCF with a core diameter of 1 mm, length of 150 mm, and doping concentration of 1 at.% is selected for a simulation of laser operation. The output characteristics of the laser are analyzed by solving the rate equation and power transmission equation; the maximum output power and solar-to-laser conversion efficiency are 60.62 W and 4.64%, respectively. The thermal effects of the laser are simulated by Comsol software. When the input solar power is 1307.4 W, the temperature decreases sharply first and then saturates along the SCF fiber, with the maximum value of 69.18°C at the input fiber end. This concentrating system can effectively overcome the limitation of end-launching solar power into SCFs and has great potential in improving the output power of solar fiber lasers.
In vivo monitoring of vascularization and oxygenation of tumor xenografts using optoacoustic microscopy and diffuse optical spectroscopy
Authors: Akhmedzhanova K. G. , Kurnikov A. A. , Khochenkov D. A. , Khochenkova Yu. A. , Glyavina A. M. , Kazakov V. V. , Yudintsev A. V. , Maslennikova A. V. , Turchin I. V. , Subochev P. V. , Orlova A. G.
Published: September 2022

The research is devoted to comparison of the blood vessel structure and the oxygen state of three xenografts: SN-12C, HCT-116 and Colo320. Differences in the vessel formation and the level of oxygenation are revealed by optoacoustic (OA) microscopy and diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) respectively. The Colo320 tumor is characterized by the highest values of vessel size and fraction. DOS showed increased content of deoxyhemoglobin that led to reduction of saturation level for Colo320 as compared to other tumors. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis for CD31 demonstrates the higher number of vessels in Colo320. The IHC for hypoxia was consistent with DOS results and revealed higher values of the relative hypoxic fraction in Colo320.
Spatiotemporal analysis of an all-fiber multimode interference-based saturable absorber via a mode-resolved nonlinear Schrodinger equation
Authors: Fu Guohao , Tian Jiading , Qi Tiancheng , Wu Yulun , Zhao Ying , Xiao Qirong , Li Dan , Gong Mali , Yan Ping
Published: September 2022

This paper presents an approach that combines the generalized multimode nonlinear Schrodinger equation with a transmission model to analyze spatiotemporal characteristics of multimode interference in single mode/large mode area fiber–graded-index multimode fiber–single mode fiber (SMF/LMA-GIMF-SMF) structures for the first time. Approximated self-imaging (ASIM) behavior in GIMF and the study of the latter structure used in spatiotemporal mode-locked fiber lasers are first demonstrated. Simulations show that these structures can work as saturable absorbers enabling high-energy pulse output due to nonlinear intermodal interactions and intensity-dependent multimode interference. Otherwise, underlying ASIM is proven that it can perturb the transmission of SMF/LMA-GIMF-SMF, causing instability of their saturable-absorption characteristics. This paper provides a theoretical guide for many applications, such as beam shaping, mode conversion, and high-energy ultrafast fiber laser.
Highly sensitive detection of broadband terahertz waves using aqueous salt solutions
Authors: Zhang Ming-Hao , Xiao Wen , Wang Wei-Min , Zhang Rui , Zhang Cun-Lin , Zhang Xi-Cheng , Zhang Liang-Liang
Published: September 2022

Water-based coherent detection of broadband terahertz (THz) wave has been recently proposed with superior performances, which can alleviate the limited detection bandwidth and high probe laser energy requirement in the solid- and air-based detection schemes, respectively. Here, we demonstrate that the water-based detection method can be extended to the aqueous salt solutions and the sensitivity can be significantly enhanced. The THz coherent detection signal intensity scales linearly with the third-order nonlinear susceptibility χ(3) or quadratically with the linear refractive index η0 of the aqueous salt solutions, while the incoherent detection signal intensity scales quadratically with χ(3) or quartically with η0, proving the underlying mechanism is the four-wave mixing. Both the coherent and incoherent detection signal intensities appear positive correlation with the solution concentration. These results imply that the liquid-based THz detection scheme could provide a new technique to measure χ(3) and further investigate the physicochemical properties in the THz band for various liquids.
Autocollimation angle-measurement method with a large range based on spot deformation
Authors: Li Renpu , Xiao Han , Xie Linyi , Feng Tao , Ma Yong , Guo Junqi , Zhou Mu , Nikitin Mikhail , Konyakhin Igor
Published: September 2022

A novel hollow cylindrical cube-corner reflector (HCCCR) for the autocollimator (AC) is proposed. The angle measuring range of AC will be effectively increased by using the parallel propagation characteristics of the reflected light and the incident light in local area of this reflector. And the yaw and pitch angles of HCCCR will be measured through the morphological changes of the reflected beam. The experimental results show that the measuring range of the autocollimation angle measurement method is extended from ±30′ to ±30°, and the dynamic measurement distance is 0.2∼5m, the measurement accuracy of pitch angle and yaw angle is better than 69” and 51”, respectively.
Transportable clock laser system with an instability of 1.6 × 10−16
Authors: Herbers Sofia , Häfner Sebastian , Dörscher Sören , Lücke Tim , Sterr Uwe , Lisdat Christian
Published: September 2022

We present a transportable ultra-stable clock laser system based on a Fabry–Perot cavity with crystalline Al0.92Ga0.08As/GaAs mirror coatings, fused silica (FS) mirror substrates, and a 20 cm-long ultra-low expansion (ULE) glass spacer with a predicted thermal noise floor of mod σy = 7 × 10−17 in modified Allan deviation at one second averaging time. The cavity has a cylindrical shape and is mounted at 10 points. Its measured sensitivity of the fractional frequency to acceleration for the three Cartesian directions are 2(1) × 10−12 /(ms−2), 3(3) × 10−12 /(ms−2), and 3(1) × 10−12 /(ms−2), which belong to the lowest acceleration sensitivities published for transportable systems. The laser system’s instability reaches down to mod σy = 1.6 × 10−16
Experimental demonstration of in situ surface and thickness profile measurements of thin film during deposition using a grating array based wavefront sensor
Authors: Kumar Nagendra , Pathak Biswajit , Kesarwani Rahul , Goswami Sumit , Khare Alika , Boruah Bosanta R.
Published: September 2022

Here we introduce an in situ and non-intrusive surface and thickness profile monitoring scheme of thin-film growth during deposition. The scheme is implemented using a programmable grating array based zonal wavefront sensor integrated with a thin-film deposition unit. It provides both 2D surface and thickness profiles of any reflecting thin film during deposition without requiring the properties of the thin-film material. The proposed scheme comprises a mechanism to nullify the effect of vibrations which is normally built in with the vacuum pumps of thin-film deposition systems and is largely immune to the fluctuations in the probe beam intensity. The final thickness profile obtained is compared with independent off-line measurement and the two results are observed to be in agreement.
Real-time change of optical losses in chalcogenide waveguides induced by light illumination
Authors: Yang Zhen , Yan Kunlun , Wei Tengxiu , Sun Yuanhuan , Xu Peipeng , Madden Steve , Wang Rongping
Published: September 2022

We prepared several GeGaSe waveguides with different chemical compositions and measured the change of optical losses induced by light illumination. Together with some experimental data in As2S3 and GeAsSe waveguides, the results showed that maximum change of the optical loss can be observed in the waveguides under bandgap light illumination. The chalcogenide waveguides with close to stoichiometric compositions have less homopolar bonds and less sub-bandgap states, and thus are preferential to have less photoinduced losses.
Low levels of tetracyclines select for a mutation that prevents the evolution of high-level resistance to tigecycline
Authors: Jagdmann Jennifer , Andersson Dan I. , Nicoloff Hervé
Published: September 2022

In a collection of Escherichia coli isolates, we discovered a new mechanism leading to frequent and high-level tigecycline resistance involving tandem gene amplifications of an efflux pump encoded by the tet(A) determinant. Some isolates, despite carrying a functional tet(A), could not evolve high-level tigecycline resistance by amplification due to the presence of a deletion in the TetR(A) repressor. This mutation impaired induction of tetA(A) (encoding the TetA(A) efflux pump) in presence of tetracyclines, with the strongest effect observed for tigecycline, subsequently preventing the development of tet(A) amplification-dependent high-level tigecycline resistance. We found that this mutated tet(A) determinant was common among tet(A)-carrying E. coli isolates and analysed possible explanations for this high frequency. First, while the mutated tet(A) was found in several ST-groups, we found evidence of clonal spread among ST131 isolates, which increases its frequency within E. coli databases. Second, evolution and competition experiments revealed that the mutation in tetR(A) could be positively selected over the wild-type allele at sub-inhibitory concentrations of tetracyclines. Our work demonstrates how low concentrations of tetracyclines, such as those found in contaminated environments, can enrich and select for a mutation that generates an evolutionary dead-end that precludes the evolution towards high-level, clinically relevant tigecycline resistance.
Public perception of healthcare system response to COVID-19: Findings from a web based observational study in Villavicencio, Colombia
Authors: García Balaguera César , Yesenia García Olga , Gutiérrez María Victoria
Published: September 2022

This study explores the community perceptions of COVID-19 and the healthcare system’s response to it.: A web-based descriptive observational study was conducted on the general population during the third quarter of 2020 through the application of a survey via social media. Of the sample, 55% have minimal connection with prevention programs, while 66.3% received little or no information about COVID-19, and 69.62% were considered at risk of getting sick from COVID-19. Further, 73.14% were afraid to go to healthcare centers fearing the risk of becoming infected by COVID-19. The low-income population is at greater risk (OR 4.32), as well as those who have not been informed by their insurer of the risks of COVID-19 (OR 2.18). There is a need to strengthen the healthcare system and the quality and design of effective self-care educational interventions during the pandemic.
A deep learning-based approach to diagnose mild traumatic brain injury using audio classification
Authors: Wall Conor , Powell Dylan , Young Fraser , Zynda Aaron J. , Stuart Sam , Covassin Tracey , Godfrey Alan
Published: September 2022

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI or concussion) is receiving increased attention due to the incidence in contact sports and limitations with subjective (pen and paper) diagnostic approaches. If an mTBI is undiagnosed and the athlete prematurely returns to play, it can result in serious short-term and/or long-term health complications. This demonstrates the importance of providing more reliable mTBI diagnostic tools to mitigate misdiagnosis. Accordingly, there is a need to develop reliable and efficient objective approaches with computationally robust diagnostic methods. Here in this pilot study, we propose the extraction of Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) features from audio recordings of speech that were collected from athletes engaging in rugby union who were diagnosed with an mTBI or not. These features were trained on our novel particle swarm optimised (PSO) bidirectional long short-term memory attention (Bi-LSTM-A) deep learning model. Little-to-no overfitting occurred during the training process, indicating strong reliability of the approach regarding the current test dataset classification results and future test data. Sensitivity and specificity to distinguish those with an mTBI were 94.7% and 86.2%, respectively, with an AUROC score of 0.904. This indicates a strong potential for the deep learning approach, with future improvements in classification results relying on more participant data and further innovations to the Bi-LSTM-A model to fully establish this approach as a pragmatic mTBI diagnostic tool.
Assessing the psychosocial work environment of migrant and non-migrant workers in inpatient mental health centres: A feasibility study
Authors: Handtke Oriana , Günther Lisa Viola , Mösko Mike
Published: September 2022

The number of migrant workers in Germany has increased over the last decades and will probably further increase in the context of a growing cultural diversity of the population and shortage of skilled professionals. Since migrant workers face different challenges, they may experience poorer psychosocial work environments than non-migrants. A negative psychosocial work environment can increase burnout and depression symptoms. To this date no study has investigated differences in the perceived psychosocial work environment in the mental health field. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of a cross sectional study comparing the perceived psychosocial work environment of migrants and non-migrant workers in inpatient mental health centres in Germany. The study was conducted in four inpatient mental health centres in Germany using the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire. All staff members (N = 659) categorized in seven professional groups were invited to participate in the study. The feasibility of the study was determined by four criteria (1) Implementation of the study in inpatient mental health centres (2) Representativity of the sample (3) Reliability and usability of the questionnaire and (4) Variability of collected data. Three of four feasibility criteria were achieved. The study was successfully implemented in four mental health centres, the usability of the used questionnaire was confirmed as well as the variability of the data. The targeted response rate was partially met, and the total number of migrant workers could not be provided, which limits the representativity of the sample. In conclusion, a main study is feasible, but an effort must be put in an effective recruitment strategy to obtain valid results.
Women’s status, breastfeeding support, and breastfeeding practices in the United States
Authors: Yourkavitch Jennifer , Hall Smith Paige
Published: September 2022

The objective of this study is to examine associations between state-level breastfeeding support and breastfeeding practices, controlling for women’s status, in the U.S. We used publicly available data on state-level breastfeeding practices and support (international board-certified lactation consultants (IBCLC), births in Baby-Friendly hospitals, and La Leche League Leaders) for births in 2015 from the CDC Breastfeeding Report Card (2018) and other CDC reported data, and indicators of women’s status from the Institute for Women’s Policy Research reports (2015). We conducted an ecological study to estimate incidence rate ratios of exclusive breastfeeding at six months and breastfeeding at 12 months with breastfeeding supports using bivariate and multivariable Poisson regression. Political participation, poverty, and employment and earnings were associated with breastfeeding practices, as was each breastfeeding support in bivariate analyses. After controlling for women’s status, only IBCLCs were positively associated with rates of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months and continued breastfeeding at 12 months. For every additional IBCLC per 1000 live births, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months increased by 5 percent (95% CI 1.03, 1.07) and the rate of breastfeeding at 12 months increased by 4 percent (95% CI 1.02, 1.06). Political participation, poverty, and employment and earnings were associated with breastfeeding practices, indicating a relationship between women’s political and economic status and their breastfeeding practices in the U.S. Given the influence of women’s status, increasing the number of IBCLCs may improve breastfeeding practices.
Are interferon-gamma release assays reliable to detect tuberculosis infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with Janus kinase inhibitors?
Authors: Scrivo Rossana , Molteni Emanuele , Castellani Chiara , Altobelli Alessio , Alessandri Cristiano , Ceccarelli Fulvia , Di Franco Manuela , Priori Roberta , Riccieri Valeria , Sili Scavalli Antonio , Spinelli Francesca Romana , Mastroianni Claudio Maria , Conti Fabrizio
Published: September 2022

Background

Screening for latent tuberculosis infection is recommended in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) starting Janus kinase inhibitors (Jaki). Interferon (IFN)-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are increasingly used for this purpose. Jaki tend to decrease the levels of IFNs, questioning the reliability of IGRAs during treatment with these drugs.

Objectives

To compare the performance of QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-P) and QFT Gold In-tube (QFT-GIT) in RA patients treated with Jaki.

Methods

RA patients underwent QFT-P and QFT-GIT at baseline (T0), and after 3 (T3) and 12 months (T12) of treatment with Jaki. The agreement between the two tests was calculated. The agreement between IGRAs and tuberculin skin test (TST) or chest radiography at baseline was also determined. The variability of QTF-P results was longitudinally assessed.

Results

Twenty-nine RA patients (F/M 23/6; median age/IQR 63/15.5 years; median disease duration/IQR 174/216 months) were enrolled. A perfect agreement was found between QFT-P and QFT-GIT at all times (κ = 1). At T0, no agreement was recorded between IGRAs and TST (κ = -0.08) and between TST and chest radiography (κ = -0.07), a low agreement was found between QFT-P and chest radiography (κ = 0.17). A variation of 33.3% in the results of QFT-P was recorded at T3 vs T0, of 29.4% at T12 vs T0, and of 11.8% at T12 vs T3. The median levels of IFN-γ produced by lymphocytes in response to the mitogen of QFT-P decreased after 3 months followed by an increase after 12 months (not significant). No change in the median number of circulating lymphocytes was documented. Glucocorticoids intake was associated with a higher probability of negative or indeterminate IGRA results at T0 (p<0.0001).

Conclusion

A response to IGRAs is detectable during treatment with Jaki. However, fluctuations in the results of IGRAs have been observed in the absence of correlation with clinical outcomes, thus challenging their interpretation.
The Hungry‐for‐Attention Metaphor: Integrating Narrative and Behavioural Therapy for Families With Attention Seeking Children
Authors: Waters Kayla R.
Published: September 2022

Many families come to treatment with concerns about attention‐seeking children. This paper examines the dominant socio‐cultural and biological influences on individual parent and child narratives about attention‐seeking behaviour and explores the misalignment between the two. A case study illustrates the reconstruction of the dominant problem‐saturated story through the hungry‐for‐attention metaphor. Finally, the author proposes an integrative approach to combining narrative practices with behavioural interventions for families and professional caregivers.
Does Family Intervention for Adolescent Substance Use Impact Parental Wellbeing? A Longitudinal Evaluation
Authors: Yuen Eva , Toumbourou John W.
Published: September 2022

Adolescent substance abuse is a common problem and family interventions are emerging as a strategy to prevent it and assist family coping. The effectiveness of a prevention‐focussed family intervention was evaluated for its secondary impacts on improving parental mental health and family functioning. Twenty‐four secondary schools in Melbourne Victoria were randomly assigned to either a control condition or an intervention titled Resilient Families. The two intervention levels analysed were: (1) a parenting booklet only and; (2) combining the booklet with face‐to‐face parent education sessions. Parent surveys at baseline were followed up one year and four years later. Repeated‐measures analysis (n = 560) found parents attending parent education demonstrated reductions in mental health symptoms, however this had negative effects on family cohesion and no impact on family conflict. These findings were interpreted in terms of parent education assisting parent mental health by promoting assertive parenting styles that may increase adolescent‐parent tension by encouraging firmer parental boundaries and strategies to reduce adolescent substance use.
CAER: Co-creating a Collaborative Documentary about the Lives and Rights of Trans Latinx People Working in the Sex Industry in Queens, NYC
Authors: Mai Nicola , Winslet Liaam
Published: September 2022

This short article describes the co-creative production process of the film CAER—a collaboration between a researcher/film director and the Colectivo Intercultural TRANSgrediendo: a collective of migrant Latinx trans people in Queens, New York. It shows how the filmmaking process was guided by the concerns of the community, whose members co-wrote the script and took an active part in editing the raw material. The collaboration was born out of the shared belief that communities impacted by policies need to own the terms of their representation.
Workers, Migrants, and Queers: The political economy of community among illegalised sex workers in Athens
Authors: Sampethai Valentini
Published: September 2022

This article unpacks practices of collaboration and community-building among sex workers in Athens, weaving them with an analysis of labour and illegalisation. In the field, cis and trans, local and migrant workers alike pointed to the pervasive material realities of harm, exploitation, and devaluation as inseparable from the multiple processes of illegalisation and dispossession to which they were subjected. They also demonstrated their own grassroots strategies to deal with these realities. Such practices are examined as concrete efforts of collectivities to survive together through diffuse forms of (state) violence. Nevertheless, the article shows that ‘community’ is by no means straightforward, harmonious, or free from instrumentalism, but situated within a multiplicity of relationships of support, collaboration, subjection, exploitation, obligation, and bondage between sex workers, migrants, and various brokers and gatekeepers. In tracing the connections forged between people occupying multiple positions as informal (sexual) labourers, migrants, and queers, sexuality and gender emerge as inextricable from class, and community as inseparable from political economy.
Policy Value Orientation in the Language Used by Political Leaders during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Semantic Network Analysis of Statements
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kwon Seol A , Lee Jae Eun , Song Eugene , Ryu Sang Il
Published: September 2022

The worldwide crisis and disruptions triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted national leaders' critical role in crisis management to ensure sustainable development and national prosperity. This study analyzed the language used by political leaders during the COVID-19 pandemic to examine their decision-making and policy value orientations. Semantic networks were employed to analyze the original text of speeches from official government sites using R and Node Excel programs. We found that progressive leaders focused on responding more dynamically and actively to engage people, while centrist leaders focused on conveying facts using rational words with more composed judgments. The analysis also showed that conservative leaders used words to observe and judge situations rather than to actively respond to changing circumstances. Our results indicate that leaders' political orientation affects their countries' crisis management, and these findings provide a basis for future analyses of relationships between leaders and crisis management.
Identifying Policy Direction Change from Economic Texts Using Words as Data
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Lee Eunmi , Hagen Loni
Published: September 2022

We examined to what extent the economic and political factors influence policy ideas by deconstructing the economic policy direction reports into words. In this study, the economic factor was set as the economic growth rate, and the political factor was government change. We empirically tested whether economic and political factors affect policy ideas using text mining, correspondence analysis, and ANOVA. The empirical analysis results show the economic policy direction report forms the basic framework of the idea by centering on a few keywords that appear repeatedly, and the words as ideas constantly reemerge or mix in competition with each other. The results provide empirical support for recent scholarship focusing on the perceptions and ideas of actors and the interactions of economic and political factors. This study is meaningful because it empirically tested the importance of policy ideas affected by economic and political factors. Institutional change analysis suggests the possibility of empirical tests and micro-level analyses, such as actors, ideas, and institutions. The logic structure is expected to be refined in the future.
Mediating Effects of Depression in Perceived Health Status and Suicidal Ideation among Elderly Male Inmates in South Korea
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Yang Jung Bin , Baik Hyung Ui
Published: September 2022

This study examined whether depression mediated the relationship between perceived health status and suicidal ideation among elderly male prisoners in South Korea. Male inmates aged 50 years or older in the correctional facilities were surveyed in December 2020; 141 male participants were included in the statistical analysis. The hierarchical regression results showed that suicidal ideation increased with poorer perceived health among elderly male inmates. Further, perceived health status negatively affected depression, while depression positively affected suicidal ideation. Depression had a significant partial mediating effect between perceived health and suicidal ideation. First-time offenders were more vulnerable to suicide risk than repeat offenders. These findings highlight the need for treatment programs and cognitive-behavioral models to identify inmates' psychosocial risk factors, and assess their mental health. Additionally, correctional facility staff should be educated in suicide prevention, and systematic crisis intervention programs should be provided for those who attempt suicide. This study contributes consideration of the Korean context to the literature on the association among perceived health status, depression, and suicidal ideation in elderly male inmates.
A Study on the Improvement of Local Government and Local Councils Hearings: Focused on AHP Analysis
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Son Sun Hwa , Min Na Hyun , Eom Young Ho , Ryu Sang Il
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to present improvement measures according to the relative importance through expert AHP analysis to improve the personnel hearing system of metropolitan governments. For the analysis, the opinions of professors related to administration and policy studies and experts in confirmation hearings were collected. As a result of the analysis, in order to improve the hearing system, the scope of the documents submitted to the hearing should be improved first, and the influence that can actually reflect the results of the hearing should be secured. Above all, it can be seen that the qualification verification of candidates requires intensive verification focusing on expertise and understanding of provincial government. The hearing system is also characterized by the higher the issue and interest in candidates for public office, the more focused public opinion is formed on morality rather than expertise.
The efficiency of linear electromagnetic vibration-based energy harvester at resistive, capacitive and inductive loads
Authors: Dezhara Aboozar
Published: September 2022

Energy harvesters and almost all energy generation devices receive the motivation for design from their efficiency and efficiency play an important role in the feasibility and practicability of the design. In this paper, we investigate the efficiency of electromagnetic vibration-based energy harvesters at various electrical loads. In our problem the efficiency depends on excitation frequency, coil and load parameters as well as electromagnetic coupling coefficient. The author first proves that the input power that the harvester receives from its environment at constant base acceleration and constant excitation frequency is always equal to the power that consumes in electrical and mechanical dampers, then the author defines the resonance frequency and plot three efficiency diagrams i.e. plot of efficiency versus (excitation) frequency, plot of maximum efficiency at a constant frequency versus load and in the end plot of the efficiency versus output power at varying load capacitance and resistance. The author observes that maximum efficiency not only does not occur at resonance (i.e. at maximum power) but also is very low (less than 1e−10%) for typical parameters at resonance. Also the maximum efficiency for typical optimum parameters is around 17.45%.
Bodily involvement in readers’ online book reviews: applying Text World Theory to examine absorption in unprompted reader response
Authors: Kuijpers Moniek M.
Published: September 2022

David Miall was, for many scholars, the person welcoming them into the field of empirical literary studies. The research he conducted together with Don Kuiken on the effects of stylistic features on reading, with a central role for (self-modifying) feeling (cf. Miall, David S. & Don Kuiken. 1994. Foregrounding, defamiliarization, and affect: Response to literary stories. Poetics 22(5). 389–407) has been the inspirational foundation for much of the research conducted in this and other fields, such as cognitive poetics. By combining methods from traditional literary reading (such as close reading), with methods more commonly used in psychology (such as experimental designs and self-report questionnaires), he gave new depth to the concept of reader response research (Whiteley, Sara & Patricia Canning. 2017. Reader response research in stylistics.Language and Literature26(2). 71–87), concerning himself with actual readers’ testimonials. In honour of David, this paper will present a close reading, not of a literary text, but of a particular reader testimonial, namely an online book review. By applying a close reading informed by Text World Theory, I attempt to show how the social context in which this review was written influenced the expression of narrative absorption the reader experienced during reading. Consequently, I argue for an expansion not just of the methodological toolbox we use to investigate absorption in online social reading, but for an expansion of the concept of story world absorption itself.
Operationalizing perpetrator studies. Focusing readers’ reactions to The Kindly Ones by Jonathan Littell
Authors: de Jonge Julia , Demichelis Serena , Rebora Simone , Salgaro Massimo
Published: September 2022

Within the field of Holocaust Studies the last decade has witnessed a turn to the figure of the perpetrator, who had hitherto received little attention due to ethical, legal and psychological reasons. A similar turn can also be observed in connection with the study of empathy. In this context, the concept of “negative empathy,” intended as a sharing of emotions with morally negative fictional characters, has become an increasingly discussed topic. For research in this area, the novelThe Kindly Ones(2006) by Jonathan Littell takes up a privileged position in light of its intrinsic literary quality and due to its commercial and critical success. This novel recounts the memories of an SS-officer, Maximilian Aue, who participated in the Shoah. We have carried out an experiment using some passages of this novel to test the empathic reactions of (104) readers. Passages were presented under either of two conditions: as a fictional text or as part of an autobiography. Results showed that fictionalization has a significant effect on moral disengagement; readers who read the narrative presented to them asfictionalexperienced higher levels of moral disengagement compared to readers in the autobiography condition. Moreover, higher levels of moral disengagement led to significantly higher levels of empathy for the protagonist of the novel.
Signal quality enhancement in multiplexed communication systems based on the simulation model of the optimum technical specifications of Raman fiber optical amplifiers
Authors: Smirani Lassaad K. , Kumari Meet , Ahammad SK Hasane , Hossain Md. Amzad , Daher Malek G. , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Ibrahim Anas , Abohassan Khedr M. , Panda Abinash
Published: September 2022

Raman optical amplifiers have more reliability than the repeater in the optical communication networks. In the optical amplifier, the transmission equals the gain bandwidth of the amplifiers. The optical amplifier has functionalities such as WDM amplification (gain equalization), gain control (rapidly variation of the gain), inter-stage access (compensation in the dispersion rate). This paper presents the optimum technical specifications of fiber Raman optical amplifiers (FROAs) with average power system for signal quality improvement in multiplexed systems. The signal has upgraded to a max. Q-factor of 11.47 applied along 1000 m as a range through the free-space optical (FSO) communication channel that has an attenuation rate of 10 dB/km. Our suggested system has clarified the best Q-factor that is greatly increased to reach 49.36 in the presence of the pump laser. The multiplexed communication systems signal quality is enhanced by the percentage ratio of 39.65%.
Suppression of (0001) plane emission in GaInN/GaN multi-quantum nanowires for efficient micro-LEDs
Authors: Katsuro Sae , Lu Weifang , Ito Kazuma , Nakayama Nanami , Yamamura Shiori , Jinno Yukimi , Inaba Soma , Shima Ayaka , Sone Naoki , Han Dong-Pyo , Huang Kai , Iwaya Motoaki , Takeuchi Tetsuya , Kamiyama Satoshi
Published: September 2022

GaInN/GaN multi-quantum-shell (MQS) nanowires (NWs) are gaining increasing attention as promising materials for developing highly efficient long-wavelength micro-light emitting diodes (LEDs). To improve the emission properties in GaInN/GaN MQS NWs, it is necessary to suppress the emission from the (0001) c-plane MQS at the apex region, which featured with low crystalline quality. In this study, we investigated the enhancement of optical properties and the realization of micro-LEDs by confirming the effect of the (0001) plane region. A 7.9-fold enhancement of the electroluminescence (EL) intensity was demonstrated by removal the (0001) plane region via inductively coupled plasma (ICP) dry etching, owing to the promoted current injection into the (1–101) semi-polar and (10–10) non-polar sidewall area. To investigate the effect of the emission area on the samples with and without truncated (0001) plane region, devices with three different mesa areas (50 × 50, 100 × 100, and 100 × 200 μm2) were fabricated. An increased EL intensity with the reduced mesa areas was observed in the samples without dry etching of the (0001)-plane area, because more current can be injected into the sidewall region with higher crystalline quality and luminous efficiency than the (0001)-plane MQS. Under the same injection current density, the truncated samples’ light output was increased for more than ten times as compared to the samples without (0001)-plane etching. Therefore, it confirms the possibility of realizing highly efficient GaInN/GaN MQS NWs LEDs by eliminating the (0001) plane MQS region. A precise etching and surface passivation of the apex region is expected to further reduce the reverse leakage current and improve the performance in NW-LEDs.
Epithelial nitric oxide synthases (eNOS) 894 G < T polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy susceptibility: A meta-analysis
Authors: Li Hui , Shu Guiqin , Gao Huihui
Published: September 2022

Objective

To investigate the epithelial nitric oxide synthases (eNOS) 894 G < T polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy (DN) susceptibility by pooling the open published data.

Methods

Studies relevant to eNOS 894 G < T polymorphism and DN susceptibility published in PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, CNKI, and Wanfang databases were systematically screened by using the text words of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, eNOS, NOS-3, G894T, rs179983, polymorphism, diabetic nephropathy, and DN. The correlation between eNOS 894 G < T polymorphism and DN susceptibility was demonstrated by odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The data were combined through fixed or random effect model according to statistical heterogeneity. The publication bias was assessed by Begg’s funnel plot and Egger’s line regression test.

Results

Twenty-six case-control studies relevant to eNOS 894 G < T polymorphism and DN susceptibility were identified by electronic searching of the related databases. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2MD) patients with T allele had increased susceptibility to DN compared with G allele under homologous gene model (TT vs GG) (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.16–1.69, p = 0.001), dominant gene model (TT + GT) vs GG (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.30–2.00, p = 0.000) and recessive gene model TT vs (GT + GG) (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.16–1.66, p = 0.000). Publication bias was not statistically significant for homologous and recessive gene model.

Conclusion

Based on the present evidence, DN risk was increased in T2MD cases with T allele compared to G allele.
Brain circuit pathology in Down syndrome: from neurons to neural networks
Authors: Bartesaghi Renata
Published: September 2022

Down syndrome (DS), a genetic pathology caused by triplication of chromosome 21, is characterized by brain hypotrophy and impairment of cognition starting from infancy. While studies in mouse models of DS have elucidated the major neuroanatomical and neurochemical defects of DS, comparatively fewer investigations have focused on the electrophysiology of the DS brain. Electrical activity is at the basis of brain functioning. Therefore, knowledge of the way in which brain circuits operate in DS is fundamental to understand the causes of behavioral impairment and devise targeted interventions. This review summarizes the state of the art regarding the electrical properties of the DS brain, starting from individual neurons and culminating in signal processing in whole neuronal networks. The reported evidence derives from mouse models of DS and from brain tissues and neurons derived from individuals with DS. EEG data recorded in individuals with DS are also provided as a key tool to understand the impact of brain circuit alterations on global brain activity.