bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rodent models of complement activation-related pseudoallergy: Inducers, symptoms, inhibitors and reaction mechanisms
Authors: Dézsi László , Rosivall László , Hamar Péter , Szebeni János , Szénási Gábor
Published: March 2015

Complement activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA) is a hypersensitivity reaction to intravenous administration of nanoparticle-containing medicines (nanomedicines). This review focuses on CARPA in rodent models: rats, mice, guinea pigs and rabbits. Information on all aspects of hypersensitivity reactions caused by known complement activators (zymosan, cobra venom factor) and different nanomedicines (liposomes, other drug carrier nanocarriers) in these species has been compiled and analyzed, trying to highlight the similarities and differences. What is most common in all species’ reactions to i.v. complement activators, liposomes and other nanoparticles is a dose-dependent hemodynamic and cardiopulmonary disturbance manifested in acute, reversible rise or fall of blood pressure and respiratory distress that can lead to shock. Other symptoms include heart rate changes, leukopenia followed by leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hemoconcentration due to fluid extravasation (rise of hematocrit) and rise of plasma thromboxane B2. The results of a recent rat study are detailed, which show that rats are 2–3 orders of magnitude less sensitive to liposome-induced CARPA than pigs or hypersensitive humans. It is concluded that CARPA can be studied in rodent models, but they do not necessarily mimic the human reactions in terms of symptom spectrum and sensitivity.
The transporter associated with antigen processing: a key player in adaptive immunity
Authors: Eggensperger Sabine , Tampé Robert
Published: March 2015

The adaptive immune system co-evolved with sophisticated pathways of antigen processing for efficient clearance of viral infections and malignant transformation. Antigenic peptides are primarily generated by proteasomal degradation and translocated into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). In the ER, peptides are loaded onto major histocompatibility complex I (MHC I) molecules orchestrated by a multisubunit peptide-loading complex (PLC). Peptide-MHC I complexes are targeted to the cell surface for antigen presentation to cytotoxic T cells, which eventually leads to the elimination of virally infected or malignantly transformed cells. Here, we review MHC I mediated antigen processing with a primary focus on the function and structural organization of the heterodimeric ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter TAP1/2. We discuss recent data on the molecular transport mechanism of the antigen translocation complex with respect to structural and biochemical information of other ABC exporters. We further summarize how TAP provides a scaffold for the assembly of the macromolecular PLC, thereby coupling peptide translocation with MHC I loading. TAP inhibition by distinct viral evasins highlights the important role of TAP in adaptive immunity.
‘Well it's not very ideal …’ The pragmatic marker well in learner English
Authors: Buysse Lieven
Published: March 2015

The pragmatic marker
Intercultural pragmatics at work: (Self-)perceptions of intercultural behavior of Chinese and English speakers and interpreters in healthcare interactions
Authors: Hlavac Jim , Xu Zhichang , Yong David Xiong
Published: March 2015

Interpreters are expected to have an advanced command of not only the vocabulary and grammar of their working languages, but also the pragmatic norms that speakers of their working languages employ in communicative interactions. The aim of this paper is to explore the perceptions and practices of interpreters in relation to intercultural pragmatics at work in healthcare interactions. The paper employs two theoretical frameworks: the first is based on interpretations of behavior according to speakers' discourse-pragmatic features as representative of “high” or “low” context cultures (cf. Hall 1976); the second applies Celce-Murcia's (2007) more refined notion of “communicative competence.” The data sample of this paper focuses on cultural-pragmatic features of two linguistic and cultural groups – 25 Chinese speakers and 24 English speakers – and contrasts their selected responses to five features of Chinese-English interpreted healthcare interactions. Responses from 33 Chinese-English interpreters are matched against those from speakers of the two groups to examine the degree of congruence that interpreters have with the self-reported (para-)linguistic behavior of the two groups of speakers, for whom they interpret. This study shows that the self-reported (para-)linguistic behavior of both groups is determined by their adoption of a particular approach (doctor- vs. patient-centered approach) and other micro-level features (perceived time constraints, different notions of “small talk”) that limit elaborate pragmatic enactments. Over-arching cultural-pragmatic models based on “high” (or “low”) context communication, or “vertical” (vs. “horizontal”) hierarchical perceptions of role and status appear to have limited application to the data. Instead, local features specific to the healthcare situation co-determine both English and Chinese speakers' responses to questions about their use of pragmatics. Findings indicate that interpreters attend to each group's enactment of pragmatic features and, as expert language users, are able to recognize features and components of interactions and their functions to a greater degree than the Chinese and English speakers.
Building and Improving Tactical Agents in Real Time through a Haptic-Based Interface
Authors: Stein Gary , Gonzalez Avelino J.
Published: March 2015

This article describes and evaluates an approach to create and/or improve tactical agents through direct human interaction in real time through a force-feedback haptic device. This concept takes advantage of a force-feedback joystick to enhance motor skill and decision-making transfer from the human to the agent in real time. Haptic devices have been shown to have high bandwidth and sensitivity. Experiments are described for this new approach, named Instructional Learning. It is used both as a way to build agents from scratch as well as to improve and/or correct agents built through other means. The approach is evaluated through experiments that involve three applications of increasing complexity – chasing a fleer (Chaser), shepherding a flock of sheep into a pen (Sheep), and driving a virtual automobile (Car) through a simulated road network. The results indicate that in some instances, instructional learning can successfully create agents under some circumstances. However, instructional learning failed to build and/or improve agents in other instances. The Instructional Learning approach, the experiments, and their results are described and extensively discussed.
Quality of Recovery Evaluation of the Protection Schemes for Fiber-Wireless Access Networks
Authors: Fu Minglei , Chai Zhicheng , Le Zichun
Published: March 2015

With the rapid development of fiber-wireless (FiWi) access network, the protection schemes have got more and more attention due to the risk of huge data loss when failures occur. However, there are few studies on the performance evaluation of the FiWi protection schemes by the unified evaluation criterion. In this paper, quality of recovery (QoR) method was adopted to evaluate the performance of three typical protection schemes (MPMC scheme, OBOF scheme and RPMF scheme) against the segment-level failure in FiWi access network. The QoR models of the three schemes were derived in terms of availability, quality of backup path, recovery time and redundancy. To compare the performance of the three protection schemes comprehensively, five different classes of network services such as emergency service, prioritized elastic service, conversational service, etc. were utilized by means of assigning different QoR weights. Simulation results showed that, for the most service cases, RPMF scheme was proved to be the best solution to enhance the survivability when planning the FiWi access network.
Stagnation point flow of carbon nanotubes over stretching cylinder with slip conditions
Authors: Hayat Tasawar , Farooq Muhammad , Alsaedi Ahmed
Published: March 2015

This work concentrates on stagnation point flow
of a nanofluid over an impermeable stretching cylinder
with mass transfer and slip effects. Carbon nanotubes
(CNTs) and water are used as a nanofluid in the present investigation.
Two types of CNTs are used as nanoparticles
(i) Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and (ii) multiwall
carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Appropriate transformations
are used to achieve a system of ordinary differential
equations. Convergent series solutions are obtained.
Behavior of various parameters on the velocity, temperature
and concentration profiles are discussed graphically.
Numerical values of skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number
and Sherwood number are computed and analyzed.
Fatigue Life Analysis of Turbine Disks Based on Load Spectra of Aero-engines
Authors: Li Yan-Feng , Lv Zhiqiang , Cai Wei , Zhu Shun-Peng , Huang Hong-Zhong
Published: March 2015

Load spectra of aero-engines reflect the process of operating aircrafts as well as the changes of parameters of aircrafts. According to flight hours and speed cycle numbers of the aero-engines, the relationship between load spectra and the fatigue life of main components of the aero-engines is obtained. Based on distribution function and a generalized stress–strength interference model, the cumulative fatigue damage of aero-engines is then calculated. After applying the analysis of load spectra and the cumulative fatigue damage theory, the fatigue life of the first-stage turbine disks of the aero-engines is evaluated by using the
Bipodal benzoylthiocarbamic acid esters: crystal and molecular structures of R = Et (a polymorph), and of a binuclear Cu(I) complex, R = iPr
Authors: Mohd Nor Nabihah Al Muna , Ahmad Jimmy , Abdullah Zanariah , Abdul Halim Siti Nadiah , Otero-de-la-Roza Alberto , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: March 2015

The crystal and molecular structure of a second polymorph (P21/n) of [1,4-ROC(=S)N(H)C(=O)C6H4C(=O)N(H)C(=S)OR], R = Et, is shown to have inversion symmetry and to have a more twisted conformation than the previously reported P43212 form which has 2-fold symmetry. Despite utilising equivalent atoms in forming intermolecular interactions, very distinct crystal packing patterns are observed. Crystal characteristics and theory (DFT) are consistent with the P43212 form being more stable, a conclusion correlated with the observation that this form is the overwhelming majority of the sample (PXRD). An analysis of a binuclear copper(I) complex containing the R = iPr analogue, reveals the neutral ligand to bind via the thione-S atom resulting in a distorted ClP2S tetrahedral geometry.
Über die Oxydbildung von Edelmetallen bei Kathodenzerstäubung
Authors: Suzuki Tadasu
Published: March 2015

Es wurden Silber, Gold und Platin bei einem Druck von ca. 5 Torr Luft kathodenzerstaubt und mittels Elektronenintcrferenzen untersucht. Sowohl Silber wie Platin bilden hierbei Oxyd, Gold jedoch nicht. Silber oxydiert als Ag2O (a=4.64 ± 0.04 A), Platin vermutlich als PtO . Oberhalb 250°C zersetzt sich Ag2O .
Protonenrelaxation und Hydratation in wäßrigen Lösungen des Manganions
Authors: Pfeifer H.
Published: March 2015

Die Protonenrelaxationszeiten in wäßrigen Lösungen paramagnetischer Ionen wurden bislang im Gegensatz zu denen reiner Flüssigkeiten unter Vernachlässigung des sogenannten Translationsanteils behandelt. Dieser Translationsanteil erfaßt die Wechselwirkungen mit allen den magnetischen Partnern, die nicht zum gleichen Molekül oder Komplex gehören.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Einfluß des Translationsanteils in wäßrigen Lösungen von Manganionen, die aus verschiedenen Gründen vorteilhaft erscheinen, experimentell und theoretisch untersucht. Die Resultate lassen sich deuten, wenn man eine Bewegungsbehinderung der Wassermoleküle außerhalb der ersten Schicht der Hydrathülle (Fernhydratation) durch einen effektiven Diffusionskoeffizienten in Rechnung setzt, der etwa sechsmal kleiner ist als der von reinem Wasser. Der relative Beitrag des Translationsanteils an der resultierenden Relaxationszeit ergibt sich dann etwa zu 10 — 20%. Die Aussagen bezüglich der Nahhydratation stehen im wesentlichen in Übereinstimmung mit früheren Untersuchungen.
Die Zentrifugalkorrektur im Rotationsspektrum eines Moleküls mit interner Rotation, untersucht am (CH3)2S
Authors: Rudolph Heinz Dieter
Published: March 2015

55 rotational transitions of the prevailing isotopic species of (CH3)2S recorded between 12 and 63 kmc/s and all split into triplets or quartets by the interaction of over-all and two-top internal rotation (torsional ground state) have been fitted with high precision to a KIVELSON–WILSON 1 centrifugal distortion formula. The transition frequencies to be used are those of “centroids” of the multiplets—where single absorption lines would be found without internal rotation—rather than those of the individual multiplet lines. For symmetrical triplets and certain quartets the centroid frequency is easily obtained as a weighted average of the frequencies of the “pseudo-rigid” multiplet lines. This treatment considers the perturbations due to centrifugal distortion and internal rotation as independent. The distortion formula reproduces the 55 centroids with a rms error of only 15 kc/s. The mean centrifugal distortion correction is 15 mc/s (the highest found 54 mc/s). The mean width of the multiplets is 1.5 mc/s. The values of the rotational constants and the six centrifugal coefficients contained in the distortion formula as fitting parameters are given.

After the completion of this report two more transitions involving J > 12 were measured. Although their centrifugal corrections are large, 87 and 126 mc/s, the centroids of the two multiplets were found within 15 resp. 30 kc/s of the frequencies predicted by a distortion formula 1 using the previously determined parameters.
Zur Berechnung der Diffusion von radioaktiven Gasen II: (Edelgasdiffusion in Festkörpern 8)
Authors: Gaus H.
Published: March 2015

Die Lösung der Diffusionsgleichung mit vorgegebenem Quellterm der Form Ortsfunktion mal Zeitfunktion und Diffusionskoeffizientem der gleichen Form wird durch Integration und Substitution aus der entsprechenden Lösung der quellenfreien Gleichung mit zeitlich konstantem Koeffizienten gewonnen. Die Rechnung läßt sich auf die Diffusion von Neutronen und radioaktiven Gasen anwenden. Als Beispiel wird für letztere das zeitliche Verhalten der resultierenden Aktivität bei zeitlich stufenförmiger Änderung und harmonischen Schwingungen der Quellstärke berechnet. Dabei werden Möglichkeiten zur Messung des Diffusionskoeffizienten ohne Kenntnis der Aktivität des Probekörpers erörtert. Ferner wird das Verhalten bei zeitlicher Änderung des Diffusionskoeffizienten in Form einer abgeschrägten Stufe berechnet. Das Zusammenwirken vieler Körner wird erörtert.
Zur Frage der Darstellbarkeit von Fibrinogen aus menschlichem Plasma mit Hilfe der Immuno-Elektrophorese nach Grabar
Authors: Götz H. , Scheiffarth F.
Published: March 2015

An einem Untersuchungsgut von insgesamt 16 Plasmen und den entsprechenden Seren (von 10 Gesunden sowie 6 Kranken mit Erhöhung des Fibrinogengehaltes) wurde mit Hilfe der Immuno-Elektrophorese im Gelmilieu die Darstellbarkeit auch von Fibrinogen unter Beweis gestellt: Fibrinogen findet sich bei der Agar-Elektrophorese als einheitliche Fraktion im Bereich der Auftragstelle. Es läßt sich gegenüber benachbarten Fraktionen, wie α- bzw. β-Globulin-Fraktionen eindeutig abgrenzen.
Zur Physiologie und Biosynthese der Alkaloide von Papaver somniferum
Authors: Kleinschmidt Günther , Mothes Kurt
Published: March 2015

Isolierte Blätter, isolierte Kapseln und isolierter Milchsaft von Papaver somniferum vermögen bei Verabreichung von uniform markiertem [14C] -L-Tyrosin radioaktive Alkaloide zu bilden. Die Aktivität ist bei Verwendung dieser drei Organe bzw. Substrate in annähernd gleichem Verhältnis sowohl in die Alkaloide des Morphin- wie auch des Papaverin- und Narkotin-Typs eingebaut. Im Falle des Narkotins konnte weiter gezeigt werden, daß die Aktivität sich auf das Isochinolin- wie auch das Benzylsystem derart verteilt, daß angenommen werden kann, daß beide Ringsysteme unmittelbar dem Phenol-Ring des Tyrosins entstammen.
Radiochemische Messung der Löslichkeit von Strontiumrhodizonat
Authors: Lieser K. H. , Hild W.
Published: March 2015

Es wird eine experimentelle Methode für die radiochemische Bestimmung kleiner Löslichkeiten unter einer inerten Gasatmosphäre beschrieben.

Die Löslichkeit von Strontiumrhodizonat in Wasser wurde zu 5,65 ·10-5 Mol/l (± 3%) bei 20 °C bestimmt. Als Leitisotop wurde 90Sr verwendet.
Phosphorylierung von Nucleosiden mit Pyrophosphorylchlorid
Authors: Koransky W. , Grunze H. , Münch G.
Published: March 2015

2′-3′-Isopropyliden-nucleoside lassen sich mit Pyrophosphorylchlorid zu den entsprechenden Dichlorphosphorsäureestern umsetzen, die nach Hydrolyse in die Nucleosid-5′-monophosphate übergehen. Die Darstellung von Adenosin-5′-monophosphat (AMP), Guanosin-5′-monophosphat (GMP), Uridin-5′-monophosphat (UMP) und Cytidin-5′monophosphat (CMP) wird beschrieben.
Der Redox-Zyklus von Phenanthrenchinon in Ascites-Tumorzellen und in einem vereinfachten Modell
Authors: Risse H. J. , Tiedemann H.
Published: March 2015

Phenanthraquinone (9, 10) added to Ehrlich-Ascites carcinoma cells under aerobic conditions is involved in a redox-cycle. During the autoxydation of the reduced quinone radicals and H2O2 were formed, which are responsible for the carcinostatic action of the quinone. The number of the runs through the redox-cycle is calculated from the oxygen uptake during the autoxidation. The frequency of carrying out the cycle is limited from the rate of quinone-reduction. The cycle can be reproduced in a non enzymatic model using cysteine as a hydrogen donator.
Zur Frage der Beteiligung intrazellulärer Hemmfaktoren bei der Proteinsynthese von Acetabularia
Authors: Clauss H.
Published: March 2015

Nach STICH und KITIYAKARA soll durch Unterteilung kernloser Zellen von Acetabularia crenulata die Proteinsynthese gegenüber unbehandelten ganzen Zellen stimuliert werden. Auf Grund dieser Befunde wurde auf einen die Proteinsynthese kontrollierenden „inhibitory mechanism“ geschlossen.

Bei Wiederholungen dieser Versuche konnten die Ergebnisse dieser Autoren nicht bestätigt werden. Die Zunahme der Zellproteine ist weitgehend unabhängig davon, ob die kernlose Zelle als ganze, halbiert, geviertelt oder geachtelt untersucht wird. Diese Befunde sprechen dafür, daß bei der Entfernung des Zellkernes das weitere Schicksal der Zelle, auch hinsichtlich der Proteinsynthese, festgelegt ist.
Über die Intensität der Proteinsynthese von Acetabularia vor und nach der Hutbildung
Authors: Clauss H.
Published: March 2015

Beim Übergang zur Hutbildung und beim sich daran anschließenden Hutwachstum wird die Proteinsynthese der einkernigen Alge Acetubularia mediterrania nicht intensiviert.

Innerhalb der Zelle setzt nach der Anlage des Hutes eine Verlagerung von Protein aus dem Stiel in den Hut ein. In kernlosen Zellen läuft dieser Prozeß genau so ab wie in den kernhaltigen.
Tetrakis(dimethylamino)-äthylen III
Authors: Wiberg Nils , Buchler Johann W.
Published: March 2015

Die nachfolgende Veröffentlichung bringt einen kurzen Überblick über Darstellung und allgemeine Eigenschaften des Tetrakis (dimethylamino) -äthylens (Me2N) 2C = C (NMe2) 2 *, einer Verbindung, die sich in einer Fülle oft überraschender Reaktionen immer wieder als starker Elektronendonator erwies. Speziell auf die Reaktion mit Sauerstoff, die unter eindrucksvoller Lumineszenzerscheinung abläuft, wird näher eingegangen
Reaktionen mit Kaliumsuperoxid 3 [1] Über den Mechanismus der Ketonspaltung durch KO2 / Reactions with Potassium Superoxide 3 [1] On the Mechanism of the Cleavage of Ketones by KO2
Authors: Lissel Manfred
Published: March 2015

Some experiments on the mechanism of the oxidative cleavage of ketones are presented. The results show that the general mechanism of base catalysed autoxidation is operating.
Zur Polymorphie des Cadmiumsulfits, Kristallstrukturen von CdSO3-I, CdSO3-II und CdSO3-III / Polymorphic Cadmium Sulfites, Crystal Structures of CdSO3-I, CdSO3 -II, and CdSO3-III
Authors: Engelen Bernward , Buchmeier Willi , Dieter Lutz Heinz
Published: March 2015

The crystal structures of the anhydrous cadmium sulfites CdSO3-I (P21/c, Z=4), CdSO3-II (P21/c, Z=8), and CdSO3-III (R3̄̄, Z=18 for the hexagonal cell) have been determined by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction data. The final R for the 1475, 2349, and 2138 observed reflections are 0.040, 0.034, and 0.073. Coordination of Cd is trigonal-prismatic, a hitherto unknown coordination of Cd in salts of oxoacids, in CdSO3-I and CdSO3-II, and octahedral in CdSO3-III. The CdO6-polyhedra are arranged in two-dimensional (CdSO3-I) and three-dimensional (CdSO3-II and CdSO3-III) networks. SO3
2- groups act as monodentate and in CdSO3-I and CdSO3-II also as bidentate ligands. Cd−O distances range from 224.5(3) to 244.6(3) pm, with an average of 231.5 pm for the trigonal-prismatic and of 231.0 pm for the octahedral coordination. S−O dis-tances range from 152.3(3) to 155.3(3) pm with an average of 153.7 pm, the O−S−O angles from 99.2(2) to 106.7(3)° with an average of 103.2°.
Pseudohalogenometallverbindungen, LXV [1] Synthese von Tetrazolen und Triazolen über die 1,3-dipolare Cycloaddition an die Azid-Liganden von polymeren Cobalt(III)-und Palladium(II)-Komplexen. Darstellung und Struktur von 5-TrichlormethyItetrazol / Pseudohalogeno Metal Compounds, LXV [1] Synthesis of Tetrazoles and Triazoles via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition to the Azido Ligands of Polymerie Cobalt(III) and Palladium(II) Complexes. Synthesis and Structure of 5-Trichloromethyltetrazole
Authors: Geisenberger Josef , Erbe Jürgen , Heidrich Jürgen , Nagela Ulrich , Beck Wolfgang
Published: March 2015

The cycloaddition of nitriles and of dimethylacetylenedicarboxylate to the azide ligand of polymeric Schiff Base cobalt(III) and phosphine palladium(II) complexes gives the corresponding tetrazolate and triazolate complexes from which the heterocycles could be cleaved by hydrogen chloride. Usually the yields are low; if the heterocycle is soluble in ether or sublimable, yields up to 30% have been obtained. Using this method the hitherto unknown 5-trichlormethyltetrazole could be prepared which was characterized by an X-ray structural analysis. Similarly, the cyclo-addition of azido(tetraphenylporphinato)cobalt(III) with nitriles, cyclohexylisocyanide and MeO2CC≡CCO2 Me affords the corresponding complexes with heterocyclic ligands. The prepa-ration of tetraphenylporphyrinato(tricyanmethanido)cobalt(III), (TPP)CoN=CC(CN)2 , is reported.
Rutheniumkomplexe mit Diazadienen, VI [1] η6-Cycloheptatrien-und η4 -Norbornadien-diazadien-ruthenium(0)-Komplexe / Ruthenium Complexes with Diazadienes, VI [1] η6-Cycloheptatriene-and η4-Norbornadiene-diazadiene-ruthenium(0) Complexes
Authors: Dieck Heindirk tom , Kleinwächter Ingo
Published: March 2015

Reduction of [(cyclo-C7H8)RuCl2]2 in the presence of a diazadiene RN=CH−CH=NR (DAD; R = i-C3H7) gives red, airsensitive, sublimable (η6-C7H8)Ru(DAD) (5). A rigid structure on the basis of the 1H NMR spectrum is excluded. On the other hand pentacoordinate complexes [η4-nor-C7H8)Ru(DAD)P(C6H5)3] (8) or [(η4-nor-C7H8)Ru(DAD)CO] (9) have rigid, Cs-symmetric, square-pyramidal structures. They are obtained by chemical or irreversible electro-chemical reduction of [(η4-nor-C7H8)Ru(DAD)Cl2] to [η4-nor-C7H8)Ru(DAD)(solv)] (7) (solv = tetrahydrofuran or acetonitrile) and addition of phosphine or carbon monoxide. 7, in non-coor-dinating solvents, is a stereospecific catalyst for the 1-alkene → trans-2,... -alkene isomerization.
Vinylacetylene aus 1,3-Bis(dialkylamino) -1,3-diethoxyallenen und Alkylidenmalonylchloriden. Kristall- und Molekülstruktur von 3-(Diphenyl)methylen-6-diisopropylamino-5-diisopropyIaminocarbonyl-2.4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran [1] / Vinylacetylenes from 1,3-Bis(dialkylamino)-1,3-diethoxyallenes and Alkylidenemalonyl Chlorides. Crystal and Molecular Structure of 3-(Diphenyl)methylene-6-diisopropylamino-5-diisopropylaminocarbonyl- 2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrane [1]
Authors: Saalfrank Rolf W. , Schütz Franz , Hummel Hans-Ulrich
Published: March 2015

Reaction of 1,3-bis(dialkylamino)-1,3-diethoxy allenes (1) with alkylidenemalonyl chlorides (2) yields vinylacetylenes (4) and/or 3-methylene-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyranes (5). Mechanistically this reaction is closely related to the transallenation reaction of allenes 1 with dialkylmalonyl chlorides which leads to allene-1,1-dicarboxamides.
Notizen: Frozen Cholesteric Phase of a β-Estradiol Derivative
Authors: Aguilera Carlos
Published: March 2015

A new β-estradiol derivative was synthesized. The compound shows LC behaviour (cholesteric phase between 119 and 151 °C). On cooling the LC state, the liquid crystalline structure is preserved. The mesophase persists at room temperature. To our knowledge, such a thermotropic behaviour has only been observed in the case of polymeric liquid crystals.
Synthese, Eigenschaften und Struktur einiger Silyl-Ethene/Synthesis, Properties, and Structure of Some Silyl-Ethenes
Authors: Schmidbaur Hubert , Ebenhöch Jan , Müller Gerhard
Published: March 2015

trans-1,2-Dichloro-1,2-bis(trichlorosilyl)ethene (1) was prepared from Cl3CSiCl3 and copper powder, and its structure determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction (monoclinic, space group P21/n, a = 7.297(1), b = 10.964(1), c = 7.988(1) Å, β = 108.06(1)°; R = 0.037, Rw = 0.066). Cl3SiC=CSiCl3 , 2, forms a cobalt cage cluster on reaction with Co2(CO)8 formulated as (CO)6Co2C2(SiCl3)2 . Hydrosilylation with HSiCl3 gives tris(trichlorosilyl)ethene. -Bis(trimethylsilyl)ethine adds HSiCl3 to form 1-trichlorosilyl-1,2-bis(trimethylsilyl)ethene, which can be converted into the hydride with i-BU2AlH. All compounds are model systems for CVD production of amorphous silicon a-Si:C.
Low Temperature Raman Spectra of Dichlorosulfane (SCl2), Tetrachlorosulfurane (SCl4), Dichlorodisulfane (S2Cl2) and Dichlorodiselane (Se2Cl2)
Authors: Steudel Ralf , Jensen Detlef , Plinke Bettina
Published: March 2015

The Raman spectrum of commercial "sulfur dichloride" shows strong lines due to SCl2 and S2Cl2 and weak Cl2 lines at 25 °C, but strong SCl2 and SCl4 signals at -100 °C (the latter are superimposed on the S2Cl2 lines). Thus, the intense Raman effect of SCl4 can be used to detect small amounts of chlorine in SCl2 . Mixtures of SCl2 and Cl2 (1:15) yield the Raman spectrum of SCl4 at -140 °C, while at 25 °C not trace of this compound can be detected. The spectra of SCl4 and α-SeCl4 are quite different, indicating different molecular and/or crystal structures, although ECl3 + ions (E = S, Se) are present in both cases. While Se2Cl2 dimerizes reversibly below -50 °C, S2Cl2 neither dimerizes nor isomerizes on cooling. The S2Cl2 dimer is characterized by a Raman line at 215 cm-1 the intensity of which was used to calculate an enthalpy of dimerization as of -17 kJ/mol.
Lactamacetale als potentielle Enamin-Synthone in Heterocyclensynthesen 3. Mitteilung: Das Sarkosinanhydrid-monoIactamacetal-System in Cycloadditionsreaktionen /Lactam Acetals as Potential Enamine Synthons in Heterocyclic Synthesis 3rd Communication: The Sarcosinanhydride-monolactamacetal System in Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Möhrle Hans , Dwuletzki Heinz
Published: March 2015

Sarcosinanhydride-monolactamacetal (7) furnishes an equilibrium concentration of the electronically activated tetrahydropyrazine 3b which yields in contrast to other pyrazine derivatives with 4-nitrophenylazide (4) the cycloaddition product 9. Catalytic cleavage of 9 leads to the triazene compound 11.
Eine alternative Synthese von Homohistamin und strukturverwandten (Imidazol-4-yl)alkylaminen/An Alternative Synthesis of Homohistamine and Structurally Related (Imidazole-4-yl)alkylamines
Authors: Elz Sigurd , Schunack Walter
Published: March 2015

Bromination of N-(4-oxopentyl)phthalimide (3) leads to isomeric bromoketones 2a and 2e, which undergo cyclisation with formamidine in liquid ammonia to yield homohistamine (1a) and 5-methylhistamine (1e). Similarly racemic a-methyl-(1b) and 2-methylhomohistamine (1c) are synthesized. The resolution of 1b is achieved using (+)-and (-)-di-0-(4-toluoyl)tartaric acid. 1 are intermediates in the synthesis of impromidine like, H2 -histaminergic compounds.
Darstellung und Kristallstrukturen von [K(crypt-2.2.2)]2 S7 · (H2N-(CH2)2-NH2) und [K(crypt-2.2.2)]2S6 / Synthesis and Crystal Structures of [K(crypt-2.2.2)]2S7 · (H2N-(CH2)2-NH2) and [K(crypt-2.2.2)]2S6
Authors: Böttcher P. , Buchkremer-Hermanns H.
Published: March 2015

Preparation and crystal structures of the two title compounds are reported. Both of them can be obtained by reaction of K2S5 , sulfur and (crypt-2.2.2) in ethylenediamine (en). [K(crypt-2.2.2)]2S7 · en is monoclinic, S. G. P21/c, with a = 14.347(5) Å, b = 13.148(5) Å, c = 29.42(2) Å, β = 92.84(3)°. [K(crypt-2.2.2)]2S6 is monoclinic, S. G. P21/c, with a = 30.23(2) Å, b = 8.513(5) Å, c = 22.37(2) Å, β = 116.16(2)°.

The anionic parts of the lattices consist of unbranched chains S7
2- and S 6
2- , respectively. The characteristic features of the cations [K(crypt-2.2.2)]+ in some polysulfides are briefly discussed
closo-Halogenohydrohexaborate, I Darstellung der reinen closo-Halogenohydrohexaborate XnB6H6-n
2-, n = 1— 6, X = Cl, Br, I, einschlieftlich der Stereoisomeren / closo-Halogenohydrohexaborate, I Preparation of the Pure closo-Halogenohydrohexaborates XnB6H6-n
2-, n = 1— 6. X = Cl, Br, I, Including the Stereoisomers
Authors: Preetz W. , Fritze J.
Published: March 2015

Through carefully controlled treatment of Na2B6H6 with halogens in aqueous alkaline solution, or with halogenosuccinimides, mixtures of the halogenohydrohexaborates XnB6H6-n
2-, X = Cl, Br, I, n = 1-6, are formed. In der cases with X = Cl, Br, for n = 2-4 both stereoisomers are generated simultaneously in different amounts, whereas with X = I only the trans/mer compounds are formed. All species including the pure isomers have been separated by ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. The composition has been confirmed by chemical analysis. The colourless crystalline tetrabutylammonium salts are fairly stable at room temperature
closo-Halogenohydrohexaborate, III Schwingungsspektren der closo-Halogenohydrohexaborate XnB6H6-n
2-, n = 1-5; X = Cl, Br, I / closo-Halogenohydrohexaborate, III Vibrational Spectra of the closo-Halogenohydrohexaborates XnB6H6-n
2-, n = 1-5; X = Cl, Br, I
Authors: Fritze J. , Preetz W.
Published: March 2015

The IR and Raman spectra of 20 different halogenohydrohexaborates, including pairs of geometric isomers of the series XnB6H6-n
2-, X = Cl, Br, I; n = 1-5, have been assigned according to their point groups D4h, C4v, C3v and C2v determined previously by NMR studies. Due to weak coupling, the vibrations are treated separately to a first approximation in terms of internal B6-cage modes on one hand and modes of the substituents against the cage entity on the other hand. Disregarding the splitting by lowered symmetry, depending on the degree of halogenation, all internal modes of the B6 cluster are observed at nearly unchanged positions in the range of 450-1250 cm-1 . The B6-X stretching vibrations, however, exhibit significant shifts to lower energy with increasing mass of substituents
Photoelektronen-Spektren und Moleküleigenschaften, 110 [1,2] Tricyanmethan-Derivate X—C(CN)3 / Photoelectron Spectra and Molecular Properties, 110 [1, 2] Tricyanomethane Derivatives X-C(CN)3
Authors: Bock Hans , Dammel Ralph
Published: March 2015

The photoelectron spectra of tricyanomethane derivatives X-C(CN)3 with substituents X = H, CH3, Br and C6H5 have been recorded and are assigned based on MNDO calculations as well as on radical cation state comparison with the iso(valence)electronic P(CN)3, within the series of cyanomethanes H4-nC(CN)n, and with each other. For HC(CN)3, no traces of the isomeric dicyano, ketimine HN = C=C(CN)2 are detected in the gas phase. Tricyanomethylbenzene, H5C6-C(CN)3, exhibiting the highest first ionization energy of any known singly acceptor substituted phenyl derivative, demonstrates the tremendous electron withdrawing effect of the -C(CN)3 group
Über Polygermane, XVIII [1] Drucksynthese der mehrfach funktionellen Digermane Ph6-nGe2Cln (n = 2, 3, 4) und von Ph2GeCl2 / On Polygermanes, XVIII [1] Synthesis of the Multifunctional Digermanes Ph6-nGe2Cln (n = 2, 3, 4) and of Ph2GeCl2 under Pressure
Authors: Häberle Karl , Dräger Martin
Published: March 2015

Reaction of Ph6Ge2 with liquid HCl under pressure leads to di-, tri-and tetrachloro phenyldigermanes. The yield of higher chlorinated products increases with increasing pressure. The analogous reaction of Ph4Ge yields Ph2GeCl2 quantitatively. The Ge-Ge bond is most unstable in the case of Ph3 Ge2Cl3 both chemically and thermally. The crystal structure of Ph2Ge2Cl4 has been determined (R = 0.057), Ge-Ge 241.3(1) pm
Synthese, IR-, EPR-und Elektronenspektren der Dischwefel-dinitrid-Komplexe [CuCl2(CH3CN)]2 · (μ-S2N2) und [CuCl2]2 · (μ-S2N2) / Synthesis, IR, EPR, and Electronic Spectra of the Disulfur Dinitride Complexes [CuCl2(CH3CN)]2 · (μ-S2N2) and [CuCl2]2 -(μ-S2N2)
Authors: Ruangsuttinarupap Somluck , Friebel Claus , Dehnicke Kurt
Published: March 2015

[CuCl2(CH3CN)]2 · (μ-S2N2) is prepared by the reaction of trithiazyl chloride with CuCl in acetonitrile solution. Thermolysis at 120 °C yields [CuCl2]2 -(μ-S2N2). The complexes are characterized by their IR, EPR, and electronic spectra
Comparison between the Molecular and Crystal Structures of a Benzylpenicillin Ester and its Corresponding Sulfoxide with Drastically Reduced Biological Activity
Authors: Labischinski Harald , Naumann Dieter , Barnickel Gerhard , Dreißig Wolfgang , Gruszecki Wojciech , Hofer Andreas , Bradaczek Hans
Published: March 2015

A comparative X-ray structure determination was performed to elucidate possible conformational differences between penicillins and penicillin sulfoxides. Penicillin-G-acetoxy-methylester and its β-oxide were used as model substances, because the only chemical difference between both compounds resides in the thiazolidine ring sulfur oxidation. On the basis of the X-ray data as well as of infrared measurements it is discussed that the drastically reduced biological activity of the penicillin-G-sulfoxide might be related to conformational differences in thiazolidine ring puckering or, even more simply, to the geometric position of the sulfoxide oxygen atom, both of which may hamper the proper reaction of the sulfoxide with its target enzyme(s)
Distannylchalkogenide: 119Sn-NMR-Untersuchungen und die Kristall- und Molekülstrukturen von Bis(tri-tert-butylstannyl)oxid und Bis(tribenzylstannyl)sulfid / Distannylchalcogenides: 119Sn NMR Studies and the Crystal and Molecular Structures of Bis(tri-tert-butylstannyl)oxide and Bis(tribenzylstannyl)sulfide
Authors: Kerschl Susanna , Wrackmeyer Bernd , Männig Detlef , Nöth Heinrich , Staudigl Rudolf
Published: March 2015

Bis(triorganylstannyl)chalcogenides (O, S, Se) have been studied by 119Sn NMR in solution. In most cases the magnitude of the geminal coupling constants 2J(SnSn) are indicative of a bent arrangement SnXSn (X = O, S, Se). The exception is bis(tri-tert-butylstannyl)oxide for which the linear structure S n - O - S n as determined by X-ray diffraction in the solid state is preserved in solution. The trend of the coupling constants 2J(SnSn) depending on X and on the bond angle SnXSn suggests that 2J(SnOSn) > 0 and 2J(SnSSn), 2J(SnSeSn) <0. The X-ray diffraction study of bis(tribenzylstannyl)sulfide shows a bent arrangement (∢SnSSn 105.52(14)°) in contrast to the corresponding oxide.
Bis(dimethyIphosphino)methan-Nickel(0)-Komplexe / Bis(dimethylphosphino)methane-Nickel(0) Complexes
Authors: Pörschke Klaus R. , Mynott Richard
Published: March 2015

The reaction of tris(ethene)nickel(0) with stoichiometric amounts of bis(dimethylphos-phino)methane (dmpm) in ether at low temperature affords the yellow crystalline, dinuclear complexes (dmpm)Ni2(C2H4)4 (1) and (dmpm)2Ni2(C2H4)2 (2). 2 reacts with ethyne to yield (dmpm)2Ni2(C2H2)2 (3). When 2 is treated with CO at -40 °C the primary product is (dmpm)2Ni2(CO)2(μ-CO) (4). At 20 °C 4 is converted by additional CO into (dmpm)2Ni2(CO)4 (5), which has already been characterized as the reaction product of Ni(CO) 4 with dmpm. In compounds 1-5 the bidentate dmpm acts as a bridging and not as a chelating ligand. The structures of complexes 1-4 were assigned on the basis of their 13C and 31P NMR spectra.
Flüssig-kristalline Verbindungen aus der Thiophenreihe, Teil 4. Azomethine und Vinylene mit zentralen Azobenzol-, Stilben- und 1,2-Di(2-thienyl)ethylen-Einheiten / Liquid Crystalline Compounds in the Thiophene Series, Part 4. Azomethines and Vinylenes with Central Azobenzene, Stilbene and 1,2-Di(2-thienyl)ethylene Moieties
Authors: Koßmehl Gerhard , Budwill Detlev
Published: March 2015

Azomethines and vinylenes, containing azobenzene, stilbene or 1,2-di(2-thienyl)ethylene moieties as central groups with additional thiophene systems has been synthesized and charac-terized by their elemental analyses, IR and 1H NMR spectra and studied in relation to their liquid crystalline properties by DTA analysis and visually by their textures microscoping under polarized light. The liquid crystalline properties of these compounds and some related compounds described in literature are compared and the geometrical elements of their structures are discussed.
[Fe6Se9(SR)2]4- Clusters (R = Me, CH2Ph): Synthesis and Characterization, and the X-Ray Structure of (PhCH2NEt3)4[Fe6Se9(SMe)2]
Authors: Strasdeit Henry , Krebs Bernt , Henkel G.
Published: March 2015

(1)

The compounds (PhCH2NEt3)4[Fe6Se9(SMe)2] and (Et4N)4[Fe6Se9(SCH2Ph)2] (2) have been isolated in good yields from Fe(SR)3 (R = Me, CH2Ph)/“Na2Se2” reaction mixtures in methanol/N,N-dimethylformamide after addition of the appropriate tetraalkylammonium chlorides. 1 is monoclinic, space group P21/c, Z = 4, with a = 18.697(14), b - 22.606(16), c = 15.989(11) Å, and β = 94.15(6)° at 140 K. Its structure has been refined to R (Rw) = 0.092 (0.075). The [Fe6Se9(SMe)2]4- anion contains six coplanar iron atoms which are present in distorted tetrahedral Se4 and Se3(SMe) ligand surroundings. The Se atoms are μ, μ3 and μ4 bridging. The four central Fe atoms and the Se atoms constitute a Fe4Se9 group that is structurally related to 1
∞[Fe2Se3]2- double tetrahedral chains and 2
∞[FeSe] layers. The Fe atoms in the [Fe6Se9(SMe)2]4- cluster are antiferromagnetically coupled. 1 has a room-temperature magnetic moment of 1.22 μB/Fe. Cyclic voltammograms, and electronic, infrared, and proton resonance spectra of 1 and 2 have been measured.
The Reaction of Malononitrile with Some Enamines of 1-Indanone Synthesis of o-Aminonitriles of Indenopyridine and Indenothiopyran
Authors: Szwed Krystyna Bogdanowicz , Feret Hanna , Lipowska Małgorzata
Published: March 2015

(4).

The reaction of enamines of 1-oxo-indan-2-carboxylic acid anilides (1) with malononitrile yielded 2-arylcarbamylindenylidene-malononitriles (3), which in alkaline solution underwent cyclization to indenopyridines Enamines of 1-oxo-indan-2-carbothionic acid anilides (2) reacted with malononitrile yielding indenothiopyrans (6), which under influence of alkalis were transformed to indenopyridines (8).
Polymorphie von Cs3Tl2Br9
Authors: Zimmermann Klaus , Thiele Gerhard
Published: March 2015

Cs3Tl2Br9, which has been synthesized either by heating a 3:2 mixture of CsBr/TlBr with bromine in a closed system or by reaction of these components in aqueous solutions, shows dimorphism. The phase transition (170 °C) was characterized by thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. The low temperature modification α-Cs3TlBr9 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/m (a = 964.98(9), b = 779.49(7), c = 1382.16(13) pm, β = 92.68(1)°, Z = 2). The structure is built up from TlBr6 octahedra linked by sharing vertices to chains and isolated TlBr4 tetrahedra. The high tem perature modification β-Cs3Tl2Br9 represents the undistorted trigonal Cs3Bi2Br9-type structure (a = 796.80(8), c - 982.98(15) pm).
Komplexe offenkettiger und zyklischer Diazathiaalkane. Die Kristallstrukturen von 1,7-Diaza-4-thiaheptan-tricarbonyl-molybdän(0), 1-Thia-4,7-diazacycIononan-tricarbonyI-molybdän(0) und 1-Thia-4,7-diazacyclononan-tricarbonyl-rhenium(I)-bromid
Authors: Hoffmann Peter , Steinhoff Andreas , Mattes Rainer
Published: March 2015

The reactions of Mo(CO)6, W(CO)6 and Re(CO)6Br with the ligand l-thia-4,7-diazacyclononane (C6H14N2S = L) yield crystals of LMo(CO)3 (4a), LW(CO)3 (4b) and LRe(CO)3Br (5). A n improved synthesis of L has been developed, and the structures of 4a and 5 have been determined. Crystal data: 4a, monoclinic, space group P21/n, a = 791.3(4), b - 1332.6(4), c = 1149.2(6) pm, β - 98.96(4)°, Z = 4.1841 reflexions, R = 0.045. 5, orthorhombic, space group Pbca, a = 1413.4(5), b = 1398.0(5), c = 1409.5(5) pm, Z = 8.2619 reflexions, R = 0.038. Both crystals contain pseudooctahedral LM(CO)3 moieties, with facial coordination of the CO molecules. The Re - N bond lengths (average 220.3(4) pm) are rather short. The structure of L 'Mo(CO)3 (3) with the acyclic ligand 1,7-diaza-4-thiaheptane (C4H10N2S = L') was also determined. Crystal data: monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 682.8(2), b = 1213.0(3), c = 1253.0(3), β = 99.74°, Z = 4.1889 reflexions, R = 0.023.
Reaktionen von Übergangsmetallhalogemden mit N-Trimethylsilylhexafluorisopropylidenimin und Lithiumhexafluorisopropylidenimid
Authors: Roesky Herbert W. , Schrumpf Frank , Edelmann Frank
Published: March 2015

WF6 and Me3SiN = C(CF3)2 (1) react to give the black-red crystalline FW [N = C(CF3)2]5 (3). Ti[N = C(CF3)2]4 • 2THF (4) has been obtained by the rection of LiN = C(CF3)2 (2) and TiCl4 in THF. 3 and 4 are sublimeable solids. They have been characterized by mass and NMR spectra as well as by elemental analysis.
Methylbis(2,6-dichIorthiophenoIato)bismut(III) — Synthese, fungizide und bakterizide Aktivität/ Methylbis(2,6-dichlorothiophenolato)bism uth(III) — Synthesis, Fungicidal and Bactericidal Activity
Authors: Klapötke Thomas , Gowik Petra
Published: March 2015

The methylbis(thiophenolato)bismuth(III) derivative CH3Bi(SCAH3Cl2-2.6)2 was prepared by reaction of CH3BiBr2 with equivalent amounts of the appropriate lithium thiolate. The new Bi organyl was characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR. IR . and mass spectroscopy. The biological activity against bacteria, yeasts, and moulds was investigated.
Kristallstrukturen und Schwingungsspektren zweier isomerer Oktadekawolframatodiarsenate, (NH4)6As2W18O62 ·nH2O/ Crystal Structures and Vibrational Spectra of Two Isomers of Octadecatungsto-diarsenate (NH4)6As2W18O62 · nH2O
Authors: Neubert Holger , Fuchs Joachim
Published: March 2015

Six possible structures of As2W18O62
6- are discussed, and an exact nomenclature is proposed. The structures of the isomeric title compounds (I and II) were determined by X-ray diffraction. I crystallizes in space group P I with lattice parameters a = 12.965(4), b = 14.803(5), c = 18.515(6) Å; a = 96.280(23)°, β = 91.420(25)°, γ = 115.320(25)°. The anion has the configuration first observed in K6P2W18O62 · 14H2O (Dawson-structure). II was not known until now. It crystallizes in the trigonal space group R3 with lattice parameters a - b - 37.857(32). c = 13.108( 13) Å; α = β = 90°, γ = 120°. The structure of this anion differs from the Dawson-structure by the 60° rotation of both polar groups of three WO6-octahedra (β-type), followed by the 60° rotation of one of the two new AsW9O31-units. Both rotations are about the 3-fold axis. The anion is centrosymm etric. Vibrational spectra and preparation of the isomers are described.
Nitrosyl- und Nitrokomplexe des Cobalts, 1. Mitteilung Kristallstruktur von Co(acac)2(NO) und seinen Oxidationsprodukten Co(acac)2(NO2)(H2O) und Co5(acac)8(μ3-OH)2(μ-N ,O–NO2)2/ Nitrosyl and Nitro Complexes of Cobalt, Part 1 Crystal Structure of Co(acac)2(NO) and its Oxidation Products Co(acac)2(NO2)(H:O) and Co5(acac)8(μ3-OH)2Cu- N,O-NO2)2
Authors: Englert Ullrich , Strähle Joachim
Published: March 2015

The compound Co(acac)2(NO) (1) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1̄ with lattice constants« - 806.4(2), b = 1095.3(7), c - 776.4(3) pm, α = 105.62(4), β = 113.18(2), γ = 75.14(3)°, Z - 2. The Co atom exhibits a square pyramidal coordination with the chelating acac ligands in the basis and the NO group at the apex, the angle Co - N - O being 120.4°. 1 is very sensitive to oxygen and, with air in aqueous acetone, yields Co(acac)2(NO2)(H2O) (2). 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with lattice constants a = 704.9(9), b = 1314.2(7). c - 1451.3(7) pm. β = 97.93(2)°, Z = 4. The structure of 2 is built up by octahedral complexes with the aquo and the nitro ligand in trans positions. A CH2Cl2 solution containing 1 and Co(acac)2 reacts with O2, to form CO5(acac)8(μ-OH )2(μ - N, O -NO;)2 (3) which precipitates on cooling to - 30°C and addition of hexane. 3 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2/n with a = 2227(1), b = 1128.9(7), c = 2293(2) pm, β = 104.79(3)°, Z - 4. The structure consists of pentanuclear complexes with C2 symmetry. Two Cortriangles sharing one corner are each bridged by one μ3 - OH -group. The NO2 ligand functions as a N,O-bonded bridging group. The acac ligands complete the coordination of the Co-atoms to distorted octahedra.
Darstellung und Reaktionen von 2-Alkoxy-1,3-bis-(trimethylsilyloxy)-2 H-isoindolen/ Preparation and Reactions of 2-Alkoxy-1,3-bis-(trimethylsilyloxy)-2H-isoindoles
Authors: Troll Theodor , Schmid Klaus , Rasch Ingrid
Published: March 2015

The electrochemical reductive silylation of N-alkoxyphthalimides leads to 2-alkoxy-1,3-bis- (trimethylsilyloxy)-isoindoles, which can be trapped by cycloaddition reactions with dienophiles like methyl acrylate and dimethyl acetylenic dicarboxylate. The unstable primary cycloadducts form naphthoquinones and dihydronaphthoquinones as monoxime derivatives. All oximes form syn and anti isomers.
Aminoalkylierung von Enhydrazinonen/ Aminoalkylation of Enhydrazinones
Authors: Möhrle Hans , Arz Petra
Published: March 2015

Enhydrazinones. prepared from dimedone and N,N-disubstituted hydrazines, react with formaldehyde and secondary amines to C-aminoalkyl-derivatives, pyrazolinium betaines and methylenebis( enhydrazinones). With better yields the C-Mannich products result from the reaction with methyleniminium salts. The enhydrazinones give with two moles of formaldehyde and primary amines the corresponding tetrahydropyrimidines.
Disodium 5-Cyanoisothiazoledithiolate as a Starting Material for Preparation of New Conductive Solids
Authors: Papavassiliou G. C. , Mousdis G. A. , Gionis V. , Zambounis J. S. , Yiannopoulos S. Y.
Published: March 2015

Starting from disodium 5-cyanoisothiazoledithiolate som e new substituted derivatives of the tetrathiafulvalene and some metal 1,2-dithiolenes with at least an isothiazolo-ring have been prepared. From these com pounds a number of conductive cation radical salts have been obtained.
Beiträge zur Chemie des Phosphors, 180. 1.2-Di-tert-butyldiphosphan-monoxid und 1.2-Di-tert-butyldiphosphan-dioxid / Contributions to the Chemistry of Phosphorus, 180. 1.2-Di-tert-butyldiphosphane Monoxide and 1,2-Di-tert-butyldiphosphane Dioxide
Authors: Bäudler Marianne , Heumüller Heinz
Published: March 2015

1,2-Di-tert-butyldiphosphane monoxide (2) and 1,2-di-tert-butyldiphosphane dioxide (3) have been prepared by reacting 1,2-di-tert-butyldiphosphane (1) with cum ene hydroperoxide and pure oxygen, respectively. Both compounds are formed as red trans-oriented tert-butyl substituents.