bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anticancer effects of aloe-emodin from Rheum undulatum L. through activation of the p53 pathway in human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Tran Nguyen Khoi Song , Nguyen Nhu Quynh , Lee Sullim , Kim Seung Hyun , Jeong Daesik , Seo Eunjeong , Park Jin Ju , Cho Jaejin , Kang Ki Sung
Published: December 2024

Aloe-emodin, an anthraquinone compound naturally derived from Rheum undulatum L., has gained extensive research attention owing to its various pharmacological effects, including its potential as an anticancer, antivirus, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-parasitic agent. It has demonstrated notable inhibitory effects against various types of cancer and cancer cells. Prostate cancer is among the most commonly identified cancers globally and remains a leading cause of cancer-associated deaths in men, often presenting challenges in early detection due to its asymptomatic nature during initial stages. The aim of present study was to determine the biological activity of aloe-emodin obtained from Rheum undulatum L. involving activation of the p53-dependent pathway in certain human prostate cancer cell lines. We explored the mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of aloe-emodin using LNCaP cells, which include p53-wild type and phosphatase and tensin homolog-deficient mutated genes, a widely studied model in genomic research. Aloe-emodin induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells through several mechanisms, including upregulation of the cleavage of caspase-8 (a cross-linked promoter of cell death signals), phosphorylation of p53 at serine 15, DNA fragmentation, cleavage of poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase, and promotion of cell death. These findings strongly indicated that aloe-emodin's anticancer properties in human prostate cancer involve the activation of p53-induced cellular senescence. Conclusively, the findings of this study imply that aloe-emodin extracted from Rheum undulatum L. is a potential therapeutic compound for adjuvant chemotherapy that induces apoptosis and pyroptosis, an innate immune response, in preventing the progression of precancerous lesions in patients with prostate cancer.
Prevalence and attributable health burdens of vector-borne parasitic infectious diseases of poverty, 1990–2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Zhu Yin-Shan , Sun Zhi-Shan , Zheng Jin-Xin , Zhang Shun-Xian , Yin Jing-Xian , Zhao Han-Qing , Shen Hai-Mo , Baneth Gad , Chen Jun-Hu , Kassegne Kokouvi
Published: December 2024

Background

Vector-borne parasitic infectious diseases associated with poverty (referred to as vb-pIDP), such as malaria, leishmaniasis, lymphatic filariasis, African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, and onchocerciasis, are highly prevalent in many regions around the world. This study aims to characterize the recent burdens of and changes in these vb-pIDP globally and provide a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of geographical and temporal trends.

Methods

Data on the prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of the vb-pIDP were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 for 21 geographical regions and 204 countries worldwide, from 1990–2021. The age-standardized prevalence rate and DALYs rate by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI) were calculated to quantify temporal trends. Correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the age-standardized rate and the SDI.

Results

Over the past 30 years, the age-standardized prevalence rate and DALYs rate of these vb-pIDP have generally decreased, with some fluctuations. The distribution of vb-pIDP globally is highly distinctive. Except for Chagas disease, the age-standardized prevalence rate and DALYs rate of other vb-pIDP were highest in low-SDI regions by 2021. Malaria had the highest age-standardized prevalence rate (2336.8 per 100,000 population, 95% UI: 2122.9, 2612.2 per 100,000 population) and age-standardized DALYs rate (806.0 per 100,000 population, 95% UI: 318.9, 1570.2 per 100,000 population) among these six vb-pIDP globally. Moreover, significant declines in the age-standardized prevalence rate and DALYs rate have been observed in association with an increase in the SDI . Globally, 0.14% of DALYs related to malaria are attributed to child underweight, and 0.08% of DALYs related to malaria are attributed to child stunting.

Conclusions

The age-standardized prevalence rate and DALY rates for the vb-pIDP showed pronounced decreasing trends from 1990–2021. However, the vb-pIDP burden remains a substantial challenge for vector-borne infectious disease control globally and requires effective control strategies and healthcare systems. The findings provide scientific evidence for designing targeted health interventions and contribute to improving the prevention and control of infectious diseases.

Graphical Abstract
Reduced order modeling of blood perfusion in parametric multipatch liver lobules
Authors: Siddiqui Ahsan Ali , Jessen Etienne , Stoter Stein K. F. , Néron David , Schillinger Dominik
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we present a computationally efficient reduced order model for obtaining blood perfusion profiles within parametric functional units of the liver called ‘lobules’. We consider Darcy’s equation in two-dimensional hexagonal lobule domains with six flow inlets and one outlet, whose positions are parameterized to represent varying lobule geometries. To avoid the meshing effort for every new lobule domain, we map the parametric domain onto a single reference domain. By making use of the contra-variant Piola mapping, we represent solutions of the parametric domains in the reference domain. We then construct a reduced order model via proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). Additionally, we employ the discrete empirical interpolation method (DEIM) to treat the non-affine parameter dependence that appears due to the geometric mapping. For sampling random shapes and sizes of lobules, we generate Voronoi diagrams (VD) from Delaunay triangulations and use an energy minimization problem to control the packing of the lobule structures. To reduce the dimension of the parameterized problem, we exploit the mesh symmetry of the full lobule domain to split the full domain into six rotationally symmetric subdomains. We then use the same set of reduced order basis (ROB) functions within each subdomain for the construction of the reduced order model. We close our study by a thorough investigation of the accuracy and computational efficiency of the resulting reduced order model.
A review of the mechanism and optimization of metal-assisted chemical etching and applications in semiconductors
Authors: Jung Kibum , Lee Jungchul
Published: December 2024

Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching (MACE) is a technique for precisely forming nanostructures on semiconductor substrates, and it is actively researched in various fields such as electronic devices, optoelectronic devices, energy storage, and conversion systems. This process offers economic efficiency and effectiveness because it can be performed in a simple chemical laboratory environment without the need for expensive equipment. Particularly, MACE is recognized as an excellent technology for forming various nanostructures due to its advantage of precisely controlling the shape, size, and orientation of nanostructures compared to traditional etching techniques. MACE operates by inducing electrochemical reactions using a metal catalyst, selectively etching the semiconductor surface in a mixed solution of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and hydrogen peroxide ($$\hbox {H}_2\hbox {O}_2$$

H
2

O
2

). The metal catalyst reacts with the oxidant to generate holes, which are injected into the semiconductor substrate to promote oxidation reactions. The oxidized material is then dissolved by HF, progressing the etching process. Precise nanostructures are formed only in the areas with the metal catalyst, and the etching results vary depending on the type, thickness, and deposition method of the catalyst. In this study, we comprehensively review the mechanism of the MACE process, the patterns of nanostructure formation according to the characteristics of catalysts and substrates, and the influence of process variables. We also analyze application cases of MACE in various semiconductor substrates such as silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), indium phosphide (InP), and gallium arsenide (GaAs), and examine the latest research trends and applications utilizing MACE. Nanostructures formed through MACE have the potential to maximize the performance of next-generation semiconductor and optoelectronic devices, and research in this area is expected to greatly contribute to the future development of the semiconductor industry.
Development of a homotrimeric PSMA radioligand based on the NOTI chelating platform
Authors: Martin Sebastian , Schreck Moritz-Valentin , Stemler Tobias , Maus Stephan , Rosar Florian , Burgard Caroline , Schaefer-Schuler Andrea , Ezziddin Samer , Bartholomä Mark D.
Published: December 2024

Background

The NOTI chelating scaffold can readily be derivatized for bioconjugation without impacting its metal complexation/radiolabeling properties making it an attractive building block for the development of multimeric/-valent radiopharmaceuticals. The objective of the study was to further explore the potential of the NOTI chelating platform by preparing and characterizing homotrimeric PSMA radioconjugates in order to identify a suitable candidate for clinical translation.

Results

Altogether, three PSMA conjugates based on the NOTI-TVA scaffold with different spacer entities between the chelating unit and the Glu-CO-Lys PSMA binding motif were readily prepared by solid phase-peptide chemistry. Cell experiments allowed the identification of the homotrimeric conjugate 9 comprising NaI-Amc spacer with high PSMA binding affinity (IC50 = 5.9 nM) and high PSMA-specific internalization (17.8 ± 2.5%) compared to the clinically used radiotracer [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 with a IC50 of 18.5 nM and 5.2 ± 0.2% cell internalization, respectively. All 68Ga-labeled trimeric conjugates showed high metabolic stability in vitro with [68Ga]Ga-9 exhibiting high binding to human serum proteins (> 95%). Small-animal PET imaging revealed a specific tumor uptake of 16.0 ± 1.3% IA g−1 and a kidney uptake of 67.8 ± 8.4% IA g−1 for [68Ga]Ga-9. Clinical PET imaging allowed identification of all lesions detected by [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 together with a prolonged blood circulation as well as a significantly lower kidney and higher liver uptake of [68Ga]Ga-9 compared to [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11.

Conclusions

Trimerization of the Glu-CO-Lys binding motif for conjugate 9 resulted in a ~ threefold higher binding affinity and cellular uptake as well as in an altered biodistribution profile compared to the control [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 due to its intrinsic high binding to serum proteins. To fully elucidate its biodistribution, future studies in combination with long-lived radionuclides, such as 64Cu, are warranted. Its prolonged biological half-life and favorable tumor-to-kidney ratio make this homotrimeric conjugate also a potential candidate for future radiotherapeutic applications in combination with therapeutic radionuclides such as 67Cu.
Psychological interventions for improvement of symptoms of post-stroke depression – study protocol of the depression-intervention study for optimization of reconvalesence after stroke (DISCOVER)
Authors: Braadt Lino , Fischer Simone , Naumann Markus , Zickler Philipp , Schneider-Axmann Thomas , Mühlich Laura , Körber Katharina , Lassner Alexander , Strube Wolfgang , Röh Astrid , Hasan Alkomiet , Ertl Michael
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Besides functional outcomes, mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are significant measures in chronic diseases, such as stroke. Post-stroke depression (PSD) is an important complication affecting up to one in three stroke survivors. So far, specific programs to screen, detect and treat these patients are lacking but might be a crucial component in stroke aftercare.

Methods

Between March 2024 and Febuary 2025 all consecutive adult patients with stroke, admitted to the University Hospital of Augsburg, are screened for signs of depression (PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) score of ≥ 10). Eight weeks later, those patients with persisting signs of depression will be randomized to receive either a behavioural activation intervention or a mindfulness-based intervention via telephone. Depressive symptoms will be assessed at baseline (V1), after 84, 180 (V2-V3) and after 365 days (V4) using the PHQ-9 score. Secondary outcomes include the functional outcome, quality of life (EuroQol-5 Dimensions; EQ-5D), overall functioning, and incidence of major cardiovascular events including recurrent transient ischemic attack, stroke, and mortality.

Perspective

Our aim is to provide proof-of-concept evidence for the efficacy of telepsychological need-adapted interventions for patients with post-stroke depression. Regular screening for PSD with implementation of a feasible treatment option could reduce the long-term prevalence of PSD and improve quality of life.

Trial registration

This trial was registered at German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) on 07.03.2024, ID: DRKS00033792. German Clinical Trials Register (drks.de).
A systematic review of the correlation between exposure to environmental pollution and autism in children under 9 years in Middle Eastern countries
Authors: Obaidi Ali
Published: December 2024

Background

Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) worldwide. However, the precise causes of this disorder remain unclear. This review seeks to explore the potential link between environmental pollution and the development of autism spectrum disorder in children aged 9 and under in the Middle East.

Method

The research was conducted by searching across three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using a combination of related terms. The inclusion criteria were all quantitative studies published in peer-reviewed journals in the English language between 2000 and 2023. Each study’s quality was evaluated using a modified version of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional studies. Narrative synthesis was used for data analysis.

Results

Out of 78 records retrieved, 7 studies met the inclusion criteria. The results indicate that exposure to environmental pollutants during childhood growth and development may have significant associations with ASD. However, there is a dearth of quality evidence on this subject, with few studies conducted in the Middle East, and those that exist often lack rigor.

Conclusion

Research highlights the significance of preventing environmental degradation and reducing pollutant emissions in the Middle East to mitigate the effects on child mental health. Further research on the relationship between environmental toxins and ASD is deemed essential for public health and societal welfare.
Chamomile flowers extract protects against thinner inhalation-induced lung toxicity via attenuating cytochrome P2E1 activity, surfactant deficiency, and alveolar structural injury in rats
Authors: Elgharieb Azza M. , El-Wakf Azza M. , Abdrabouh Abeer E.
Published: December 2024

Background

Lungs are adversely affected by repeated exposure to thinner fumes. This study aimed to examine the pulmonary toxic effects of chronic thinner inhalation and the possible protection by chamomile administration. Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to thinner fumes for 8 weeks (4 h/day, 6 days/week), while chamomile flower extract (400 mg/kg body weight) was given orally during thinner exposure for the same period.

Results

The study showed lung damage following chronic thinner exposure through increased cytochrome P2E1 (CYP2E1), superoxide anion (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA), with decreased antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Moreover, an elevation of lung enzymes; alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) with depletion in total protein and albumin contents in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were observed. Thinner exposure also exhibited increased lung deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), hydroxyproline (HYP), and collagen type 1 (COL-1), with decreased serum surfactant protein-A (SP-A), total and differential leukocytes (WBCs) count, except for neutrophils. Histological investigations revealed deteriorative changes along with accumulated collagen fibers affecting the lung and other respiratory organs.

Conclusion

Supplementation of chamomile extract succeeded in preventing thinner-induced lung oxidative stress, enzyme leakage, surfactant deficiency, DNA damage, fibrosis, and histological injury. Therefore, consumption of chamomile extract could be recommended for alleviating thinner-induced health hazards and lung toxicity.
Community-based models of mobility training after stroke: a scoping review
Authors: Ayelabowo Toluwalase Ayokunle , Ajayi Temitope Christianah , Macdonald Stephen Hsiao-Feng
Published: December 2024

Background

Irrespective of the severity, survival of a stroke has become commonplace, but many experience long-term physical, cognitive, and emotional difficulties, with walking difficulties being a frequent challenge. The community-based model of gait training is an innovative and holistic approach to neurorehabilitation that focuses on restoring mobility and enhancing the overall quality of life of stroke survivors.

Aims

To assess the impact of community-based stroke rehabilitation programs from existing literatures.

Objectives

To identify community-based stroke rehabilitation programs that are effective in improving function in stroke survivors.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed articles to understand the impact of the community-based rehabilitation model of mobility training after stroke. We searched five different databases: PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL complete, Embase, and SCOPUS using topic-specific keywords. Only studies published in the English language from 2013 to 2023 were included.

Results

Thirty-five articles met the inclusion criteria. Mobility training using either a treadmill or overground surfaces improved mobility. Orthotics use improved gait and balance among stroke survivors. Adapted video games for rehabilitation improved gait speed, balance, and mobility while the use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) aided functional recovery. The use of music or sound incorporated with exercises improved mobility, gait speed, and balance. Engaging in group exercises improved walking capacity, balance, walking speed, cardiovascular function, and community integration.

Conclusion

Some community-based rehabilitation programs are effective in improving the physical and social recovery of stroke survivors. This concept can be considered when planning a recovery program for stroke survivors who do not have the ability to access a hospital rehabilitation setting.
Qualitative Study of Health Care Team Perception of the Benefits and Limitations of Remote Symptom Monitoring
Authors: Hendrix Emma K. , Henderson Nicole L. , Padalkar Tanvi V. , Kaufmann Tara , Ingram Stacey A. , Dent D'Ambra N. , Huang Chao-Hui Sylvia , Odom J. Nicholas , Weiner Bryan J. , Howell Doris , Stover Angela M. , Basch Ethan M. , McGowan Chelsea , Pierce Jennifer Young , Rocque Gabrielle B.
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE

Remote symptom monitoring (RSM) using electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROS) connects patients and health care teams between appointments. Patient-perceived benefits and drawbacks of RSM are well-known, but health care team members' perceptions are less clear.

METHODS

Health care team members from the University of Alabama at Birmingham and the University of South Alabama Health Mitchell Cancer Institute participated in semi-structured qualitative interviews to explore their experiences and perspectives on RSM benefits and limitations. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed inductively using NVivo software to identify recurring themes and exemplary quotes.

RESULTS

Thirty oncology health care team members, including physicians (n = 9), nurse practitioners (n = 2), nurses (n = 8), nonclinical navigators (n = 7), and administrators (n = 4), were interviewed. Findings were organized into five major themes: three benefits (
Proactive, Improved Patient-Health Care Team Relationship
, and
Patient Engagement and Symptom Reporting
) and two limitations (
Health Care Team-Perceived
Limited Patient Buy-In or Awareness
and
Workload and Workflow Issues
). Health care team members perceived that RSM improved their ability to support patients and the quality of care delivered to patients by promoting proactive management, strengthening the patient-health care team relationship, and engaging patients in symptom reporting. Despite positive perceptions, health care team members also voiced drawbacks of RSM related to the lack of patient buy-in or awareness and increased workload and disrupted workflow.

CONCLUSION

Although health care team members recognized the benefits of RSM as a standard of care, future work is necessary to address identified limitations to support wide-scale implementation of RSM in oncology practices.
Fish species composition and seasonal variations in Lake Sapanca and its tributaries
Authors: İlhan Ali , Saç Gülşah , Gaygusuz Özcan , Akalın Sencer , Topkara Esat Tarık , İlhan Dilek , Gürsoy Gaygusuz Çiğdem , Sarı Hasan Musa
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the current fish fauna and their distribution rates in Lake Sapanca and its tributaries. For this purpose, standard benthic and pelagic nets were used in the lake and a portable electroshock device was used in the streams. As a result of the sampling carried out in two different seasons, wet and dry periods, the presence of 26 species from 14 families was determined and the abundance values for many species were higher in the wet season. In terms of species diversity, the Leuciscidae family ranked first with 9 species, while the Gobiidae family was represented by 4 species, the Clupeidae family by 2 species and the remaining 11 families were represented by one species each. In terms of individual density, Rhodeus amarus was the most dominant fish in both lake and streams (78.1% lake; 28.3% stream). In the lake, Blicca bjoerkna, Clupeonella cultriventris, and Atherina boyeri were the most abundant species after R. amarus (7.2%, 3.2% and 3.2%, respectively). An important finding of the study was that there were almost no individuals of Silurus glanis, Esox lucius, and Cyprinus carpio (4, 8 and 1 individuals, respectively), which are species of high commercial value in the lake. In addition, the fact that Carassius gibelio, one of the invasive species reported in previous studies, was not found in the lake is very pleasing in terms of lake biodiversity. In addition, Leucaspius delineatus, caught in both seasons, was identified from the lake basin for the first time.
Potential of leek (Allium ampeloprasum) waste for microalgae Chlorella vulgaris cultivation: A preliminary evaluation
Authors: Benas Koray , Karaaslan Muhammet Ali , Çakal Arslan Özlem
Published: December 2024

Leek is an economical and healthy plant species. It contains rich dietary fibers, amino acids, bioactive compounds that increase its antioxidant capacity and more than 20 different fatty acids. It is rich in potassium, iron and selenium and can be used as a valuable source for microalgae cultivation. For impotance of leek, this study investigated the biomass production of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae species with leek leaf waste. To obtain the leek extract to be used for the experiment, leek leaves were dried in an oven at 40 °C and crushed in a mortar and pestle and filtered. Leek leaves were first dissolved with 10 ml DMSO (Dimethylsulfoxide) to 0.1 g/L and diluted with distilled water to a final volume of 100 ml. Chlorella vulgaris was exposed to leek extract concentrations of 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 1.0 g/L for 72 hours and BG-11 enrichment medium was used in the control group. According to the data obtained, when leek leaves were used in the cultivation of C. vulgaris microalgae, a very high increase of 160% was observed at a concentration of 0.05 g/L compared to BG-11 enrichment medium. However, in the group where leek leaves were used completely, 64% increase was observed compared to the control group. This study proved that C. vulgaris have significant potential for food industries and the biocompost of vegetables is a suitable medium for microalgae cultivation. This study has proven that the use of vegetable wastes is suitable for obtaining a culture with high biomass of C. vulgaris microalgae, which has been used intensively in different areas of the food industry, and that leek wastes in particular provide high biomass growth. Therefore, the lower concentration of leek served as the best medium to increase the growth and biomass of C. vulgaris. This study proves that costs can be reduced and sustainable effective culture techniques can be used in microalgae culture by using vegetable wastes such as leek waste, which provides high biomass growth even at low concentrations.
Confirmation of the presence of Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809), in the Sea of Marmara with morphometrical and bioecological notes
Authors: Karakulak Firdes Saadet , Uzer Uğur , Kabasakal Hakan , Namoğlu İsmail Burak
Published: December 2024

On 9 August 2024 two specimens of Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809) were caught by means of a scientific bottom-trawl hauling towed at a depth range between 143 and 188 m, at the central sector of the Sea of Marmara. After more than 30 years since the last occurrence of H. dactylopterus in the region, the capture of only two specimens does not represent more than confirmation of the current presence of the species in the Sea of Marmara. However, this record is also a significant finding revealing that life still exists in the deep regions of the Sea of Marmara and therefore action must be taken to prevent habitat and biodiversity loss.
Influence of The Anabolic Steroid Usage on The Physical Health: A Review
Authors: Chodkowski Jakub , Grabowski Filip , Rulewska Natalia , Feruś Aleksandra
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of testosterone commonly used to enhance athletic performance and physical appearance. Despite their popularity, their non-medical use is associated with significant health risks. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the impact of anabolic steroid use on physical health, emphasizing cardiovascular, hepatic, endocrine, and musculoskeletal systems, as well as broader systemic effects.
Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed articles from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar published between 2000 and 2023. Studies were selected based on relevance, with particular focus on human clinical trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses. Keywords included "anabolic steroids," "health effects," "cardiovascular risk," and "endocrine disruption." 
Results: Anabolic steroid use is linked to increased cardiovascular risks, liver dysfunction, endocrine disturbances, and musculoskeletal injuries. Key effects include hypertension, hepatotoxicity, testosterone suppression, infertility, and tendon injuries. Psychological impacts such as aggression and mood changes were also observed.
Conclusions: Anabolic steroid use poses significant risks to multiple organ systems and overall health. Despite widespread awareness of these dangers, misuse persists, often driven by societal pressures and misinformation. Healthcare providers should prioritize prevention through education, early intervention, and support for individuals at risk. Future research should focus on long-term effects and effective strategies for harm reduction.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as a Therapeutic Option for Antipsychotic-Induced Obesity: A Review of Current Evidence
Authors: Gniaź Natalia , Górska Aleksandra , Grela Wiktor , Niewiadomska Jagoda , Furtak Daria , Tulej Dawid , Głogowska Paulina , Dziedzic Alicja , Marciniuk Dominika , Marko Natalia
Published: December 2024

IntroductionObesity affects over 650 million adults worldwide and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Among those affected are patients treated with antipsychotics, such as clozapine and olanzapine, which often lead to significant weight gain, increasing the risk of metabolic syndrome. Recent advances with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), including semaglutide and liraglutide, show promise in addressing antipsychotic-induced obesity by reducing weight and improving metabolic health.
PurposeThe aim of this review is to present an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the efficacy of GLP-1 RAs in the treatment of antipsychotic-induced obesity.
Materials and methodsThis review is based on both original research studies and review articles identified through a comprehensive search of the PubMed database, using the following search terms: obesity, antipsychotic-induced weight gain, clozapine, olanzapine, adverse effect, GLP-1 receptors agonist. 
Description of the state of knowledgeGLP-1 RAs significantly reduce body weight and adipose tissue by suppressing appetite, particularly for high-fat foods. Clinical trials show improvements in lipid profiles, blood pressure, and inflammation, contributing to better metabolic health. However, their long-term effects, especially with different antipsychotics, remain insufficiently studied.
ConclusionsGLP-1 RAs show significant potential for managing antipsychotic-induced obesity, but further research is needed to assess long-term efficacy and safety in this population.
A Física Moderna no Nordeste: uma análise da produção do Mestrado Nacional Profissional em Ensino de Física
Authors: Barros Marcos Antonio , Barbosa Olavio Vinícios
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo trata de uma revisão bibliográfica que possui como fonte de dados dissertações de um programa de Pós-graduação em rede Stricto Sensu. Neste trabalho, analisamos sob qual perspectiva foram produzidos os materiais didáticos do Mestrado Nacional Profissional em Ensino de Física (regional 03 do programa Nordeste), referentes aos conteúdos de Física Moderna, nos polos credenciados em 2013 e ativos ainda hoje, na Região Nordeste. Para isso, fizemos um recorte temporal dos materiais produzidos nos últimos 10 anos, contemplando 09 estados da região, subdivididos em 22 polos do Mestrado Profissional. Diante desse contexto, buscamos averiguar as produções realizadas em cada polo, identificando as que contemplam o tema de nosso interesse de investigação, bem como os tipos de metodologias utilizadas, tendo em vista a sua possível aplicabilidade ou inserção no ensino médio, enquanto produto educacional. Nossos resultados apontam que do total de 210 dissertações defendidas nos cinco polos estudados, apenas 22 abrangeram o tema em questão, utilizando-se das mais diversas metodologias de ensino, em sua maioria, não se limitando, assim, a uma única metodologia, para caracterizar a execução do produto educacional proposto aos demais professores de Física em atuação.
Physicochemical properties of Betaone barley starch depending on
starch isolation methods
Authors: Yoon Young-Mi , Jeong Gyeong-A , Park Seul-Gi , Park Jin-Cheon , Hur On-Sook , Chae Rin , Lee Chang Joo
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the properties of starch isolated from Betaone barley
(high β-glucan content of 11.32%), waxy-type Hwanggeumchal
barley, and non-waxy type Hyeyang barley using water or 0.2% NaOH. Starch
isolated with NaOH contained 4.79% damaged starch, 0.17% protein, 0.01%
β-glucan, and 0.20% crude fat, while starch isolated with
water contained 2.95%, 1.91%, 0.10%, and 0.31%, respectively. The starch granule
were oval in shape, with particle sizes ordered as follows: Betaone (4.9
μm), Hwanggeumchal (8.9 μm), and Hyeyang
(13.6 μm). Thermal properties revealed, that gelatinization
onset, peak, and end temperatures increased with particle size. NaOH isolation
was found to be more effective than water isolation in removing proteins, but
resulted in higher levels of damaged starch and partially disrupted the
crystalline structure.
Management of Paediatric Monteggia Variant Fracture – Our Experience of Two Similar Cases
Authors:   Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India., Narasimhan Ramani , Gautam Vaibhav ,   Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The common mechanism of injury for Monteggia fracture is fall on outstretched hand with elbow extended and forearm in pronation causing a proximal fracture of ulna with dislocation of radial head. Monteggia injuries were classified by Bado into 4 sub-types based on the direction of displacement of the radial head and the presence of associated fracture (type 1 with anterior dislocation of radial head being most common). We managed two cases of Monteggia type 1 variant injury consisting of a fracture of the radial neck and anterior displacement of distal radial shaft without dislocation of the radiocapitellar joint.
Case report: We operated two children (5 and 9 years old respectively) with this Monteggia variant injury; displaced ulna shaft fracture with volar angulation, and fracture neck radius with anterior displacement of radial shaft. Ulna fracture was fixed by elastic nailing and radial neck fracture was managed by closed means (with or without fixation). At final follow up (2 and 7 years later respectively), both the children had excellent outcomes with good range of pronation and supination movements.
Conclusion: In the management of Monteggia equivalent lesions, an understanding of the direction of displacement of radial shaft will help in formulating the appropriate method of fracture reduction. Closed reduction of the radial neck fracture is preferred since the results of open reduction are poor especially in terms of regaining pronation and supination movements.
Keywords: Monteggia, Forearm fracture, Monteggia variant
Impostors and Imposture in Orian Morris's With My Little Eye
Authors: Frosh Tahel
Published: December 2024

Abstract: In this article I explore the ways in which identity is formed in late capitalism through the figure of the impostor as it is revealed in Orian Morris's novel With My Little Eye . I show how the impostor is a hidden key concept in theories of work and psychology, and how the study of literature can utilize these theories to construct an interdisciplinary conceptual framework for understanding the impostor and the nature of subjectivity today. Reading with the impostor figure as an interpretive paradigm, I explore the contemporary self as an endless performance of impersonations, blurring the known boundaries between internal and external, truth and falsehood, source and representation, both in content and in form; a self that is shaped by impostures, conversions, and transformations as an attempt to deal with the grip of the economic language. I demonstrate how the tension between authenticity and falsehood, between imagination and fiction, is a gap that runs throughout the novel and argue that the impostor is a way to bear this conflict.
The Persistence of the Jewish Question in Socialist Struggle: Rethinking Global Antisemitism and Emancipatory Universality
Authors: Flisfeder Matthew
Published: December 2024

Abstract: This article begins with a simple question: what is the situation of Jews today in socialist struggle? On this point, the article interrogates rhetorics of anti-Zionism, arguing that this strategy coincides with an abandonment of Left struggles against antisemitism, overlapping with the abandonment of universality and a materialist dialectic. Drawing principally on Jean-Paul Sartre's essay Anti-Semite and Jew , as well as Slavoj Žižek's critique of populist rhetoric on the Left, the article develops a materialist strategy for conceiving various forms of antisemitism on both the Right and the Left. The article takes inspiration from Marx's defense of universal human emancipation in his essay "On the Jewish Question," as well as Lenin's defense of national liberation and self-determination in the form of the political state, as a way to center the struggle against antisemitism in a materialist way, and in the context of extant global liberalism and capitalism. The position defended here does not abandon the question of Palestinian national liberation and self-determination in the form of a Palestinian nation-state. Rather, the article defends, in conclusion, the two-state option as a conduit for building a single, confederated, binational state in Israel-Palestine, as a materialist, internationalist, and socialist solution to the problems of antisemitism and Palestinian oppression in Israel and the West Bank. The article, however, calls for a return to a materialist analysis of antisemitism on the Left, via a critique of Left populist anti-Zionism.
Controlled absorption/reflection bi-directional tuning GaAs terahertz wave device
Authors: Fu Yuanyuan , Wang Zhenhua , Wang Xufeng , Li Lanbin , He Xunjun , Huo Suifeng , Shao Xuejian , Gao Mohan , Ma Jinchao , Zhang Xin
Published: December 2024

Terahertz metamaterials exhibit significant potential for applications in electromagnetic ultrafast response, wavefront modulation, and electromagnetic wave transmission. However, the transmission properties of these metamaterials remain fixed once the structure and materials of the device are established, which severely limits their modulation capability and operational range. In this study, a terahertz wave device that enables absorption/reflection bi-directional modulation was designed based on the property that the conductivity of GaAs can be modulated by pumping light. The results indicate that when the GaAs conductivity is 100 S/m, the absorption of the terahertz device within the 1.278–3.087 THz band exceeds 90%, with an absorption bandwidth of 1.809 THz, and RCS reduction can be achieved. As the pump optical power increases, the reflection of the terahertz device approaches 100% across the 0–3.5 THz band when the GaAs conductivity reaches 1×106S/m. Furthermore, simulation results demonstrate that the device is insensitive to variations in polarization and incidence angles. The device is anticipated to have further applications in optical switching and electromagnetic stealth.
Afraid of the dentist? There’s an app for that: Development and usability testing of a cognitive behavior therapy-based mobile app
Authors: Daly Kelly A. , Diaz-Gutierrez Kiara A. , Beheshtian Armon , Heyman Richard E. , Smith Slep Amy M. , Wolff Mark S.
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Although several brief cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)-based treatments for dental fear have proven efficacious, these interventions remain largely unavailable outside of the specialty clinics in which they were developed. Leveraging technology, we sought to increase access to treatment for individuals with dental fear through the development of a mobile application (Dental FearLess).

Materials and methods

To assess the resonance of our app as an avenue for dental fear treatment, we conducted a study assessing the usability, feasibility, and acceptability of the beta app. Participants with moderate to severe dental fear (N = 80) completed the app and reported on the perceived usability of the mobile interface (Systems Usability Scale, SUS; α = .82) and credibility of the intervention (Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire, CEQ; α = .88). A sub-sample of participants naïve to the app (n = 10) completed the app during a think-aloud procedure, sharing their candid thoughts and reactions while using the app, prior to reporting on usability and credibility metrics.

Results

Overall usability (M = 78.5, SD = 17.7) and credibility (M = 21.7, SD = 5.5) of the beta version of the app were good. The think-aloud data further corroborated the app’s acceptability, while highlighting several areas for user improvement (i.e., aesthetics, navigation, engagement).

Conclusions

Usability and acceptability results are promising for the viability of an accessible, feasible, self-administered intervention for dental fear. Refinements made based on user feedback have produced a clinical-trial-ready mobile application. App refinement decisions, informed by user feedback, are representative of the larger literature—that is, of the ubiquitous negotiations m-health developers must make across treatment fidelity, usability, and engagement. Implications for future research are discussed.
Evaluating meta-analysis as a replication success measure
Authors: Muradchanian Jasmine , Hoekstra Rink , Kiers Henk , van Ravenzwaaij Don
Published: December 2024

Background

The importance of replication in the social and behavioural sciences has been emphasized for decades. Various frequentist and Bayesian approaches have been proposed to qualify a replication study as successful or unsuccessful. One of them is meta-analysis. The focus of the present study is on the way meta-analysis functions as a replication success metric. To investigate this, original and replication studies that are part of two large-scale replication projects were used. For each original study, the probability of replication success was calculated using meta-analysis under different assumptions of the underlying population effect when replication results were unknown. The accuracy of the predicted overall replication success was evaluated once replication results became available using adjusted Brier scores.

Results

Our results showed that meta-analysis performed poorly when used as a replication success metric. In many cases, quantifying replication success using meta-analysis resulted in the conclusion where the replication was deemed a success regardless of the results of the replication study.

Discussion

We conclude that when using meta-analysis as a replication success metric, it has a relatively high probability of finding evidence in favour of a non-zero population effect even when it is zero. This behaviour largely results from the significance of the original study. Furthermore, we argue that there are fundamental reasons against using meta-analysis as a metric for replication success.
Effects of tattoos on the aesthetic appreciation of human stimuli as influenced by expertise, tattoo status, and age reflecting internalized social norms
Authors: Weiler Selina M. , Duer Christian , Krämer Dustin , Jacobsen Thomas
Published: December 2024

Scientific interest in body modifications continues to grow, and tattoos have recently become a subject of empirical aesthetics. While conceptual structures of tattoo aesthetics have been studied, the question of how tattoos are aesthetically appreciated has not yet been studied. In this study, we examined how tattoos influence the aesthetic appreciation of human stimuli and uncovered differences in beauty perceived by individuals older and younger than 50, which we consider indicative of different internalized social norms, experts (tattoo artists) and nonexperts, and tattooed and nontattooed individuals. Images of a male and a female model were manipulated to vary in the amount of tattoo coverage across six manipulation conditions: Baseline (none), Light, Moderate, Heavy, Extreme, and Extreme + Face. N = 487 participants rated the beauty of these stimuli. The results suggest overall group differences (experts vs. nonexperts; tattooed vs. nontattooed; older vs. younger). The perceived beauty of the stimuli decreased as the extent of tattoos increased, with the Extreme + Face condition standing out as the lowest rated condition. These findings confirm that tattoos influence aesthetic appreciation, which is highly dependent on expertise and social norms as indicated by age. We also discuss the generalizability and implications of the findings.
The influence of observation sequence features on the performance of the Bayesian hidden Markov model: A Monte Carlo simulation study
Authors: Simons Jan-Willem , Boverhof Bart-Jan , Aarts Emmeke
Published: December 2024

The hidden Markov model is a popular modeling strategy for describing and explaining latent process dynamics. There is a lack of information on the estimation performance of the Bayesian hidden Markov model when applied to categorical, one-level data. We conducted a simulation study to assess the effect of the 1) number of observations (250—8.000), 2) number of levels in the categorical outcome variable (3—7), and 3) state distinctiveness and state separation in the emission distribution (low, medium, high) on the performance of the Bayesian hidden Markov model. Performance is quantified in terms of convergence, accuracy, precision, and coverage. Convergence is generally achieved throughout. Accuracy, precision, and coverage increase with a higher number of observations and an increased level of state distinctiveness, and to a lesser extent with an increased level of state separation. The number of categorical levels only marginally influences performance. A minimum of 1.000 observations is recommended to ensure adequate model performance.
Los catálogos de material de enseñanza y los gabinetes de física
Authors: Dávila Balsera Paulí , Naya Garmendia Luis María , Miguelena Torrado Joana
Published: December 2024

Los catálogos escolares se han convertido en una fuente primaria que nos permite reconocer el material didáctico y escolar producido y distribuido por diferentes casas comerciales y también detectar su oferta escolar, generalmente adecuada a las necesidades impuestas por el curriculum. El Museo de la Educación de la UPV-EHU posee un importante número de estos catálogos desde principios del siglo XX. En esta colaboración queremos destacar la importancia de los gabinetes de física como recurso para la enseñanza de esta materia, con el objetivo de destacar la oferta estandarizada de este material científico en los catálogos.
La fotografía e imagen pública de la “Casa José Antonio” (Hogar Provincial del Niño) de Murcia en sus memorias durante el franquismo, 1948-1962
Authors: Moreno Martínez Pedro L , García Hernández Elena
Published: December 2024

El artículo tiene por objeto el estudio del legado fotográfico de las memorias escolares de la Casa de Misericordia de Murcia, denominada Casa José Antonio durante el franquismo, desde el curso 1948-1949 al 1961-1962. En primer lugar, efectuamos una presentación de sus antecedentes históricos y significado en el contexto de las políticas sociales del franquismo. En segundo lugar, examinamos los precedentes, las características y potencialidades de las memorias como fuente para el conocimiento de la trayectoria histórica y el patrimonio histórico-educativo de la institución. Por último, llevamos a cabo un análisis general de las representaciones fotográficas contenidas en las memorias.