bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EmoChannel-SA: exploring emotional dependency towards classification task with self-attention mechanism
Authors: Li Zongxi , Chen Xinhong , Xie Haoran , Li Qing , Tao Xiaohui , Cheng Gary
Published: October 2021

Exploiting hand-crafted lexicon knowledge to enhance emotional or sentimental features at word-level has become a widely adopted method in emotion-relevant classification studies. However, few attempts have been made to explore the emotion construction in the classification task, which provides insights to how a sentence’s emotion is constructed. The major challenge of exploring emotion construction is that the current studies assume the dataset labels as relatively independent emotions, which overlooks the connections among different emotions. This work aims to understand the coarse-grained emotion construction and their dependency by incorporating fine-grained emotions from domain knowledge. Incorporating domain knowledge and dimensional sentiment lexicons, our previous work proposes a novel method namedEmoChannelto capture the intensity variation of a particular emotion in time series. We utilize the resultant knowledge of 151 available fine-grained emotions to comprise the representation of sentence-level emotion construction. Furthermore, this work explicitly employs a self-attention module to extract the dependency relationship within all emotions and proposeEmoChannel-SANetwork to enhance emotion classification performance. We conducted experiments to demonstrate that the proposed method produces competitive performances against the state-of-the-art baselines on both multi-class datasets and sentiment analysis datasets.
Investigating the Effects of Robot Engagement Communication on Learning from Demonstration
Authors: Sun Mingfei , Peng Zhenhui , Xia Meng , Ma Xiaojuan
Published: October 2021

Robot learning from demonstration (RLfD) is a technique for robots to derive policies from instructors’ examples. Although the reciprocal effects of student engagement on teacher behavior are widely recognized in the educational community, it is unclear whether the same phenomenon holds for RLfD. To fill this gap, we first design three types of robot engagement behavior (gaze, imitation, and a hybrid of the two) based on the learning literature. We then conduct, in a simulation environment, a within-subject user study to investigate the impact of different robot engagement cues on humans compared to a “without-engagement” condition. Results suggest that engagement communication has significantly negative influences on the human’s estimation of the simulated robots’ capability and significantly raises their expectation towards the learning outcomes, even though we do not run actual imitation learning algorithms in the experiments. Moreover, imitation behavior affects humans more than gaze does in all metrics, while their combination has the most profound influences on humans. We also find that communicating engagement via imitation or the combined behavior significantly improves humans’ perception towards the quality of simulated demonstrations, even if all demonstrations are of the same quality.
Evaluating the correlation between area, environmental heterogeneity, and species richness using terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea) from the Pontine Islands (West Mediterranean)
Authors: Gentile Gabriele , Argano Roberto , Taiti Stefano
Published: October 2021

Area and environmental heterogeneity influence species richness in islands. Whether area or environmental heterogeneity is more relevant in determining species richness is a central issue in island biogeography. Several models have been proposed, addressing the issue, and they can be reconducted to three main hypotheses developed to explain the species-area relationship: (1) thearea-per sehypothesis (known also as the extinction-colonisation equilibrium), (2) therandom placement(passive sampling), and the (3)environmental heterogeneity(habitat diversity). In this paper, considering also the possible influence of geographic distance on island species richness, we explore the correlation between area, environmental heterogeneity, and species richness by using faunistic data of Oniscidea inhabiting the Pontine Islands, a group of five small volcanic islands and several islets in the Tyrrhenian Sea, located about 60 km from the Italian mainland. We found that the colonisation of large Pontine Islands may occur via processes independent of geographic distance which could instead be an important factor at a much smaller scale. Such processes may be driven by a combination of anthropogenic influences and natural events. Even in very small-size island systems, environmental heterogeneity mostly contributes to species richness. Environmental heterogeneity could influence the taxocenosis structure and, ultimately, the number of species of Oniscidea via direct and indirect effects, these last mediated by area which may or may not have a direct effect on species richness.
Spectrums and Uniform Mean Ergodicity of Weighted Composition Operators on Fock Spaces
Authors: Seyoum Werkaferahu , Mengestie Tesfa
Published: October 2021

For holomorphic pairs of symbols $$(u, \psi )$$

(
u
,
ψ
)

, we study various structures of the weighted composition operator $$ W_{(u,\psi )} f= u \cdot f(\psi )$$

W

(
u
,
ψ
)

f
=
u
·
f

(
ψ
)

defined on the Fock spaces $$\mathcal {F}_p$$

F
p

. We have identified operators $$W_{(u,\psi )}$$

W

(
u
,
ψ
)

that have power-bounded and uniformly mean ergodic properties on the spaces. These properties are described in terms of easy to apply conditions relying on the values |u(0)| and $$|u(\frac{b}{1-a})|$$

|
u
(

b

1
-
a

)
|

, where a and b are coefficients from linear expansion of the symbol $$\psi $$
ψ
. The spectrum of the operators is also determined and applied further to prove results about uniform mean ergodicity.
Software Training in HEP
Authors: Malik Sudhir , Meehan Samuel , Lieret Kilian , Oan Evans Meirin , Villanueva Michel H. , Katz Daniel S. , Stewart Graeme A. , Elmer Peter , Aziz Sizar , Bellis Matthew , Bianchi Riccardo Maria , Bianco Gianluca , Bonilla Johan Sebastian , Burger Angela , Burzynski Jackson , Chamont David , Feickert Matthew , Gadow Philipp , Gruber Bernhard Manfred , Guest Daniel , Hageboeck Stephan , Heinrich Lukas , Horzela Maximilian M. , Huwiler Marc , Lange Clemens , Lehmann Konstantin , Li Ke , Majumder Devdatta , Mamužić Judita , Nelson Kevin , Newhouse Robin , Nibigira Emery , Norberg Scarlet , Pineda Arturo Sánchez , Proffitt Mason , Regnery Brendan , Roepe Amber , Roiser Stefan , Schreiner Henry , Shadura Oksana , Stark Giordon , Swatman Stephen Nicholas , Thais Savannah , Valassi Andrea , Wunsch Stefan , Yakobovitch David , Yuan Siqi
Published: October 2021

The long-term sustainability of the high-energy physics (HEP) research software ecosystem is essential to the field. With new facilities and upgrades coming online throughout the 2020s, this will only become increasingly important. Meeting the sustainability challenge requires a workforce with a combination of HEP domain knowledge and advanced software skills. The required software skills fall into three broad groups. The first is fundamental and generic software engineering (e.g., Unix, version control, C++, and continuous integration). The second is knowledge of domain-specific HEP packages and practices (e.g., the ROOT data format and analysis framework). The third is more advanced knowledge involving specialized techniques, including parallel programming, machine learning and data science tools, and techniques to maintain software projects at all scales. This paper discusses the collective software training program in HEP led by the HEP Software Foundation (HSF) and the Institute for Research and Innovation in Software in HEP (IRIS-HEP). The program equips participants with an array of software skills that serve as ingredients for the solution of HEP computing challenges. Beyond serving the community by ensuring that members are able to pursue research goals, the program serves individuals by providing intellectual capital and transferable skills important to careers in the realm of software and computing, inside or outside HEP.
Aerodynamic Design of Airfoil Shape for Gust Generation in a Transonic Wind Tunnel
Authors: Natale Nunzio , Russo Serena , Dequand Sylvie , Lepage Arnaud , Paletta Nicola
Published: October 2021

This article presents the aerodynamic design of the airfoil of the gust generator system being developed in the GUDGET project and conceived to generate high-amplitude gusts in a transonic wind tunnel. The system is made of vanes creating a flow deviation in turn by flapping around a rotational axis or by blowing air though a suitable sonic jet located close to the vane trailing edge. The airfoil shape optimization has been carried out using a design of experiment technique (DOE) and response surface optimization along with URANS CFD. The computational model has been preliminarily validated using data provided by ONERA for the baseline design at a lower Mach number ($$\hbox {M}=0.73$$

M
=
0.73

) and then compared with the one actually required by GUDGET in the test chamber ($$\hbox {M}=0.82$$

M
=
0.82

). All the cases have been optimized at a frequency of 40 Hz and then investigated at a frequency of 80Hz.
Non-Gaussian fluctuations of randomly trapped random walks
Authors: Bowditch Adam
Published: October 2021

In this paper we consider the one-dimensional, biased, randomly trapped random walk with infinite-variance trapping times. We prove sufficient conditions for the suitably scaled walk to converge to a transformation of a stable Lévy process. As our main motivation, we apply subsequential versions of our results to biased walks on subcritical Galton–Watson trees conditioned to survive. This confirms the correct order of the fluctuations of the walk around its speed for values of the bias that yield a non-Gaussian regime.
Opportunities and challenges in improving antimicrobial use during the era of telehealth expansion: A narrative review
Authors: Suzuki Hiroyuki , Shealy Stephanie C. , Throneberry Kyle , Stenehjem Edward , Livorsi Daniel
Published: October 2021

Efforts to improve antimicrobial prescribing are occurring within a changing healthcare landscape, which includes the expanded use of telehealth technology. The wider adoption of telehealth presents both challenges and opportunities for promoting antimicrobial stewardship. Telehealth provides 2 avenues for remote infectious disease (ID) specialists to improve inpatient antimicrobial prescribing: telehealth-supported antimicrobial stewardship and tele-ID consultations. Those 2 activities can work separately or synergistically. Studies on telehealth-supported antimicrobial stewardship have reported a reduction in inpatient antimicrobial prescribing, cost savings related to less antimicrobial use, a decrease in Clostridioides difficile infections, and improved antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for common organisms. Tele-ID consultation is associated with fewer hospital transfers, a shorter length of hospital stay, and decreased mortality. The implementation of these activities can be flexible depending on local needs and available resources, but several barriers may be encountered. Opportunities also exist to improve antimicrobial use in outpatient settings. Telehealth provides a more rapid mechanism for conducting outpatient ID consultations, and increasing use of telehealth for routine and urgent outpatient visits present new challenges for antimicrobial stewardship. In primary care, urgent care, and emergency care settings, unnecessary antimicrobial use for viral acute respiratory tract infections is common during telehealth encounters, as is the case for fact-to-face encounters. For some diagnoses, such as otitis media and pharyngitis, antimicrobials are further overprescribed via telehealth. Evidence is still lacking on the optimal stewardship strategies to improve antimicrobial prescribing during telehealth encounters in ambulatory care, but conventional outpatient stewardship strategies are likely transferable. Further work is warranted to fill this knowledge gap.
Connecting quantitatively derived personality–psychopathology models and neuroscience
Authors: Latzman Robert D. , Krueger Robert F. , DeYoung Colin G. , Michelini Giorgia
Published: October 2021

Traditionally, personality has been conceptualized in terms of dimensions of human experience – habitual ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving. By contrast, psychopathology has traditionally been conceptualized in terms of categories of disorder – disordered thinking, feeling, and behaving. The empirical literature, however, routinely shows that psychopathology does not coalesce into readily distinguishable categories. Indeed, psychopathology tends to delineate dimensions that are relatively similar to dimensions of personality. In this special issue of Personality Neuroscience, authors took up the challenge of reconceptualizing personality and psychopathology in terms of connected and interrelated dimensions, and they considered the utility of pursuing neuroscientific inquiry from this more integrative perspective. In this editorial article, we provide the relevant background to the interface between personality, psychopathology, and neuroscience; summarize contributions to the special issue; and point toward directions for continued research and refinement. All told, it is evident that quantitatively derived, integrative models of personality–psychopathology represent a particularly promising conduit for advancing our understanding of the neurobiological foundation of human experience, both functional and dysfunctional.
Constructing the Public Concert Hall
Authors: SMITH NEIL THOMAS
Published: October 2021

In the current discourse surrounding classical music institutions, issues of inclusion and diversity are regularly to the fore. There is pressure to prove the relevance of orchestras and ensembles to wider society, with outreach work in educational settings and in communities already an established part of their output. Using data gathered from a research project with the International Music and Performing Arts Charitable Trust Scotland (IMPACT Scotland), which is responsible for planning a new concert hall in Edinburgh to be called the Dunard Centre, this article extends these debates by relocating them to a new arena: the buildings classical institutions inhabit. First, the public nature of the concert hall is explored by examining three ‘strategies for publicness’ identified in concert-hall projects: the urbanistic strategy, the living building strategy and the ‘art for all’ strategy. These will be discussed in relation to the extensive literature on public space. The second part of the article examines recent developments in musicology and arts policy which encourage more ‘democratic’ arts practice. These will be used as the basis for asking how the concert hall (and its primary tenant, the orchestra) might better achieve the publicness that is so often promised on their behalf.
PLANAR IMMERSIONS WITH PRESCRIBED CURL AND JACOBIAN DETERMINANT ARE UNIQUE
Authors: GRUBER ANTHONY
Published: October 2021

We prove that immersions of planar domains are uniquely specified by their Jacobian determinant, curl function and boundary values. This settles the two-dimensional version of an outstanding conjecture related to a particular grid generation method in computer graphics.
Characterization ofNothacrobeles lanceolatusAbolafia & Peña-Santiago, 2003 (Rhabditida, Cephalobidae), a typical species of coastal dunes from Spain
Authors: Ruiz-Cuenca A.N. , Abolafia J.
Published: October 2021

The nematodeNothacrobeles lanceolatuswas described in arid soils from Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park, province of Almería (Spain). Since then this species has not been found again. In this study, new data on the distribution and morphological, morphometrical and molecular characteristics (based on 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA) ofN.lanceolatusis provided. This species is characterized by having a tessellated cuticle, with its inner layer bearing two rows of cuticular punctations per annulus, lips quadrangular with eight pinnae, labial probolae bifurcate with divergent prongs surrounded by pinnae, pharynx with corpus 2.5–4.0 times isthmus length, post-vulval uterine sac 1.4–2.2 times the corresponding body diameter, and female and male tails conical, bearing a conical mucro with acute terminus. The phylogenetic position of this and related species of the genusNothacrobelesis discussed. Additionally, bacteria (Pasteuria) and fungi (Catenaria,Nematocida) feeding onN.lanceolatusare showed including light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy illustrations.
Range eclipse leads to tenuous survival of a rare lizard species on a barrier atoll
Authors: Richmond Jonathan Q. , Wostl Elijah , Reed Robert N. , Fisher Robert N.
Published: October 2021

Rediscovery of living populations of a species that was presumed to be extirpated can generate new narratives for conservation in areas suffering from losses in biodiversity. We used field observations and DNA sequence data to verify the rediscovery of the Critically Endangered scincid lizardEmoia slevinion Dåno′, an islet off the coast of Guam in the southern Mariana Islands, where for > 20 years it had been considered possibly extirpated. Endemic to the Marianas,E. slevinihas declined throughout its range and no longer occurs on as many as five islands from which it was historically known, most likely because of interactions with invasive species and loss of native forest. Our results show that individuals from Dåno′, the type locality forE. slevini, are genetically similar but not identical toE. slevinion Sarigan and Alamagan to the north, and thatE. sleviniis a close evolutionary relative to another congener in the southern Marianas that is currently recognized asEmoia atrocostatabut probably represents an undescribed species in this archipelago. We also show that other, more broadly distributed species ofEmoiaoccurring on Dåno′ are distant relatives toE. sleviniand the Mariana lineage ofE. atrocostata, providing further evidence of the distinctiveness of these taxa. The rediscovery ofE. slevinion Dåno′ following rodent eradication and culling of a population of monitor lizards suggests that management of invasive species is key to the recovery of this skink in the Mariana Islands, and that a range eclipse on the larger neighbouring island of Guam best explains why the rediscovery took place at the periphery of the species’ historic range. A Chamorro abstract can be found in the supplementary material.
Personal and Objective Ethics: How to Read theCrito
Authors: Ohtani Hiroshi
Published: October 2021

Dominant interpretations of Plato'sCritoattempt to reconstruct the text deductively, taking the arguments in the famous Laws’ speech as consisting solely in the application of general principles to facts. It is thus conceived that the principles and facts are grasped independently of each other, and then the former are applied to the latter, subsequently reaching the conclusion that Socrates must not escape. Following the lead of Cora Diamond, who argues against this ‘generalist interpretation’, I argue that the Laws’ speech essentially involves an exercise of our moral imagination through which both principles and the facts to which they apply are grasped. This is not to say that a deductive argument is absent from the Laws’ speech. Rather, for the first time, we understand how the deductive arguments in the Laws’ speech can function through imagining a life in which these arguments make sense. TheCritois an attempt to exercise the readers’ imagination, thereby presenting ethics that is both personal and objective. Understanding the Laws’ arguments essentially requires the readers’ imaginative involvement with Socrates’ personal story, but they still have objective import.
Longitudinal associations between interpersonal relationship functioning and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in recently traumatized individuals: differential findings by assessment method
Authors: Monson Candice M. , Shnaider Philippe , Wagner Anne C. , Liebman Rachel E. , Pukay-Martin Nicole D. , Landy Meredith S. H. , Wanklyn Sonya G. , Suvak Michael , Hart Tae L. , Koerner Naomi
Published: October 2021

Background

The role of interpersonal relationship functioning in trauma recovery is well-established. However, much of this research has been done with cross-sectional samples, often years after trauma exposure, using self-report methodology only, and is focused on intimate relationship adjustment.

Methods

The current study investigated the longitudinal associations between interpersonal (intimate and non-intimate) relationship functioning and clinician- and self-reported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in 151 recently (within the past 6 months) traumatized individuals. Participants were assessed at four time points over 1 year.

Results

Approximately 53% of the sample was diagnosed with PTSD at initial assessment, with declining rates of diagnostic status over time to 16%. Latent difference score (LDS) modeling revealed nonlinear declines in both clinician-assessed and self-reported PTSD symptom severity, with faster declines in earlier periods. Likewise, LDS models revealed nonlinear declines in negative (conflict) aspects of interpersonal relationship functioning, but linear declines in positive (support, depth) aspects. The relationship between PTSD and relationship functioning differed for clinician- and self-reported PTSD. Bivariate LDS modeling revealed significant cross-lagged effects from relationship conflict to clinician-assessed PTSD, and significant cross-lagged effects from self-reported PTSD to relationship conflict over time.

Conclusions

These results highlight that the variability in prior results may be related to the method of assessing PTSD symptomatology and different relational constructs. Implications for theory and early intervention are discussed.
Continuities in maternal substance use from early adolescence to parenthood: findings from the intergenerational cohort consortium
Authors: Thomson Kimberly C. , Greenwood Christopher J. , Letcher Primrose , Spry Elizabeth A. , Macdonald Jacqui A. , McAnally Helena M. , Hines Lindsey A. , Youssef George J. , McIntosh Jennifer E. , Hutchinson Delyse , Hancox Robert J. , Patton George C. , Olsson Craig A.
Published: October 2021

Background

This study assessed the extent to which women's preconception binge drinking, tobacco use and cannabis use, reported prospectively in adolescence and young adulthood, predicted use of these substances during pregnancy and at 1 year postpartum.

Methods

Data were pooled from two intergenerational cohort studies: the Australian Temperament Project Generation 3 Study (395 mothers, 691 pregnancies) and the Victorian Intergenerational Health Cohort Study (398 mothers, 609 pregnancies). Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use were assessed in adolescence (13–18 years), young adulthood (19–29 years) and at ages 29–35 years for those transitioning to parenthood. Exposures were weekly or more frequent preconception binge drinking (5 + drinks in one session), tobacco use and cannabis use. Outcomes were any alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use prior to awareness of the pregnancy, after awareness of pregnancy (up to and including the third trimester pregnancy) and at 1 year postpartum.

Results

Frequent preconception binge drinking, tobacco use and cannabis use across both adolescence and young adulthood were strong predictors of continued use post-conception, before and after awareness of the pregnancy and at 1 year postpartum. Substance use limited to young adulthood also predicted continued use post-conception.

Conclusions

Persistent alcohol, tobacco use and cannabis use that starts in adolescence has a strong continuity into parenthood. Reducing substance use in the perinatal period requires action well before pregnancy, commencing in adolescence and continuing into the years before conception and throughout the perinatal period.
Comparing the evidential strength for psychotropic drugs: a Bayesian meta-analysis
Authors: Pittelkow Merle-Marie , de Vries Ymkje Anna , Monden Rei , Bastiaansen Jojanneke A. , van Ravenzwaaij Don
Published: October 2021

Approval and prescription of psychotropic drugs should be informed by the strength of evidence for efficacy. Using a Bayesian framework, we examined (1) whether psychotropic drugs are supported by substantial evidence (at the time of approval by the Food and Drug Administration), and (2) whether there are systematic differences across drug groups. Data from short-term, placebo-controlled phase II/III clinical trials for 15 antipsychotics, 16 antidepressants for depression, nine antidepressants for anxiety, and 20 drugs for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were extracted from FDA reviews. Bayesian model-averaged meta-analysis was performed and strength of evidence was quantified (i.e. BFBMA). Strength of evidence and trialling varied between drugs. Median evidential strength was extreme for ADHD medication (BFBMA = 1820.4), moderate for antipsychotics (BFBMA = 365.4), and considerably lower and more frequently classified as weak or moderate for antidepressants for depression (BFBMA = 94.2) and anxiety (BFBMA = 49.8). Varying median effect sizes (ESschizophrenia = 0.45, ESdepression = 0.30, ESanxiety = 0.37, ESADHD = 0.72), sample sizes (Nschizophrenia = 324, Ndepression = 218, Nanxiety = 254, NADHD = 189.5), and numbers of trials (kschizophrenia = 3, kdepression = 5.5, kanxiety = 3, kADHD = 2) might account for differences. Although most drugs were supported by strong evidence at the time of approval, some only had moderate or ambiguous evidence. These results show the need for more systematic quantification and classification of statistical evidence for psychotropic drugs. Evidential strength should be communicated transparently and clearly towards clinical decision makers.
Pushing resistance theory in IR beyond ‘opposition’: The constructive resistance of the #MeToo movement in Japan
Authors: Lilja Mona
Published: October 2021

This article aims to specifically contribute to debates concerning dissent within the scholarship of International Relations (IR), through elaborating the constructive qualities of resistance. Composite and fruitful stories concerning resistance against power have flourished in studies of the ‘global’. Still, there has been a trend in IR to embrace resistance as a sense of opposition and it has been primarily described in terms of, ‘“counter”, “contradict”, “social change”, “reject”, “challenge”, ‘opposition”, “subversive”, and “damage and/or disrupt”’.1 This article adds to the literature on resistance's productive dimensions by drawing upon the case of the #MeToo campaign in Japan. The #MeToo movement in Japan should not only be viewed as a ‘non-cooperative’ form of resistance – that is, resistance that breaks norms, rules, laws, regulations and order, typically in public and in confrontative ways; rather, the #MeToo movement should be regarded as a ‘constructive’ form of resistance, which produced new resistance figures, movements, narratives as well as established new expressions of resistance. It may be perceived as a contagious form of resistance, which operated through reiterations, doublings, and re-experiences. The campaign provides a significant example of how discourses move transnationally through the force of repetition.
Covariances in Pólya urn schemes
Authors: Mahmoud Hosam
Published: October 2021

By now there is a solid theory for Polya urns. Finding the covariances is somewhat laborious. While these papers are “structural,” our purpose here is “computational.” We propose a practicable method for building the asymptotic covariance matrix in tenable balanced urn schemes, whereupon the asymptotic covariance matrix is obtained by solving a linear system of equations. We demonstrate the use of the method in growing tenable balanced irreducible schemes with a small index and in critical urns. In the critical case, the solution to the linear system of equations is explicit in terms of an eigenvector of the scheme.
What determines a boundary for navigating a complex street network: evidence from London taxi drivers
Authors: Griesbauer Eva-Maria , Manley Ed , McNamee Daniel , Morley Jeremy , Spiers Hugo
Published: October 2021

Spatial boundaries play an important role in defining spaces, structuring memory and supporting planning during navigation. Recent models of hierarchical route planning use boundaries to plan efficiently first across regions and then within regions. However, it remains unclear which structures (e.g. parks, rivers, major streets, etc.) will form salient boundaries in real-world cities. This study tested licensed London taxi drivers, who are unique in their ability to navigate London flexibly without physical navigation aids. They were asked to indicate streets they considered as boundaries for London districts or dividing areas. It was found that agreement on boundary streets varied considerably, from some boundaries providing almost no consensus to some boundaries consistently noted as boundaries. Examining the properties of the streets revealed that a key factor in the consistent boundaries was the near rectilinear nature of the designated region (e.g. Mayfair and Soho) and the distinctiveness of parks (e.g. Regent's Park). Surprisingly, the River Thames was not consistently considered as a boundary. These findings provide insight into types of environmental features that lead to the perception of explicit boundaries in large-scale urban space. Because route planning models assume that boundaries are used to segregate the space for efficient planning, these results help make predictions of the likely planning demands of different routes in such complex large-scale street networks. Such predictions could be used to highlight information used for navigation guidance applications to enable more efficient hierarchical planning and learning of large-scale environments.
Gore Cardioform atrial septal occluder: deployment procedure and techniques for closing challenging secundum atrial septal defects
Authors: Aggarwal Varun , Mohan Arjun K. , Bass John , Steinberger Julia , Said Sameh M. , Qureshi Athar M.
Published: October 2021

Ostium secundum atrial septal defects are mostly closed in the cardiac catheterisation laboratories using either Amplatzer® (Abbott Laboratories, IL) atrial septal occluder, Gore® Cardioform septal occluder and more recently using the recently approved (US FDA approval June 2019) Gore® Cardioform atrial septal defect occluder (W. L. Gore & Associates, AZ). Similar to any new device in the market, there is a learning curve to the deployment of this device. We therefore aim to report the key features about this new Gore Cardioform atrial septal defect occluder device with special emphasis on technical aspects that can be employed during transcatheter closure of challenging ostium secundum atrial septal defects using this device.
TWISTS, CROSSED PRODUCTS AND INVERSE SEMIGROUP COHOMOLOGY
Authors: STEINBERG BENJAMIN
Published: October 2021

Twisted étale groupoid algebras have recently been studied in the algebraic setting by several authors in connection with an abstract theory of Cartan pairs of rings. In this paper we show that extensions of ample groupoids correspond in a precise manner to extensions of Boolean inverse semigroups. In particular, discrete twists over ample groupoids correspond to certain abelian extensions of Boolean inverse semigroups, and we show that they are classified by Lausch’s second cohomology group of an inverse semigroup. The cohomology group structure corresponds to the Baer sum operation on twists.

We also define a novel notion of inverse semigroup crossed product, generalizing skew inverse semigroup rings, and prove that twisted Steinberg algebras of Hausdorff ample groupoids are instances of inverse semigroup crossed products. The cocycle defining the crossed product is the same cocycle that classifies the twist in Lausch cohomology.
Genome-wide association study of physical and microstructure-related traits in peanut shell
Authors: Cui Kailu , Qi Feiyan , Sun Ziqi , Feng Jingjing , Huang Bingyan , Dong Wenzhao , Zhang Xinyou
Published: October 2021

Peanut shell plays key roles in protecting the seed from diseases and pest infestation but also in the processing of peanut and is an important byproduct of peanut production. Most studies on peanut shell have focused on the utilization of its chemical applications, but the genetic basis of shell-related traits is largely unknown. A panel of 320 peanut (Arachis hypogaea) accessions including var.hypogaea, var.vulgaris, var.fastigiataand var.hirsutawas used to study the genetic basis of two physical and five microstructure-related traits in peanut shell. Significant phenotypic differences were revealed among the accessions of var.hypogaea, var.hirsuta, var.vulgarisand var.fastigiatafor mechanical strength, thickness, three sclerenchymatous layer projections and main cell shape of the sclerenchymatous layer. We identified 10 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) through genome-wide association study (P< 5.0 × 10−6) combining the shell-related traits and high-quality SNPs. In total, 192 genes were located in physical proximity to the significantly associated SNPs, and 11 candidate genes were predicted related to their potential contribution to the development and structure of the peanut shell. All SNPs were detected on the B genome demonstrating the biased contribution of the B genome for the phenotypical make-up of peanut. Exploring the newly identified candidate genes will provide insight into the molecular pathways that regulate peanut shell-related traits and provide valuable information for molecular marker-assisted breeding of an improved peanut shell.
Molecular characterization of Vigna marina (Burm.f.) Merr. from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands for salt tolerance using SSR markers
Authors: Prithivi M. , Venkatesan K. , Manimaran D. R. , Gautam R. K. , Singh P. K. , Sakthivel K. , Ahmed S. K. Zamir , Pandey S. K. , Rao Shyam Sunder
Published: October 2021

Beachpea (Vigna marina) is a halophytic wild leguminous plant which occurs throughout tropical and subtropical beaches of world. As quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for salt tolerance in V. marina and its crossability with other Vigna species are known, the current study was undertaken to know the presence of these QTLs in the V. marina accessions along with check varieties of pulses. Accordingly, 20 Vigna genotypes (15 accessions of V. marina collected from sea-shore areas of Andaman and Nicobar Islands along with five check varieties of green gram and black gram) were subjected to molecular characterization using seven simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers associated with salt tolerance. Of the markers used, only four SSR markers amplified in the studied germplasm. Number of alleles detected per primer and size of alleles ranged from 1 to 3 and 100 to 325 bp, respectively. Polymorphism information content and heterozygosity values ranged from 0.305 to 0.537 and 0.375 to 0.612, respectively. Three major clusters, cluster I, II and III were obtained at Jaccard's similarity coefficient value of 0.48 through the un-weighted paired group method with arithmetic means method of cluster analysis. It grouped green gram and black gram genotypes in clusters I (04) and II (01), whereas all V. marina genotypes were grouped in cluster III (15). Principal co-ordinate analysis explained 85.9% of genetic variation among genotypes which was further confirmed by cluster analysis. This study indicated the effectiveness of SSR markers in separating cultivated Vigna species from wild V. marina. The findings will be useful for transferring trait of robust salt tolerance of V. marina in cultivated Vigna species using marker-assisted breeding.
Extinct Style of Plate Tectonics Explains Early Earth’s Flat Mountains
Authors: Dzombak Becca
Published: October 2021

The geologic record suggests that despite Earth’s hot, thin crust during the Proterozoic, mountains were still able to form thanks to an extinct style of crustal deformation.
Drone Rules Make Tracking Down Faults a Difficult Feat
Authors: Tripathy-Lang Alka
Published: October 2021

Regulations differ from country to country, but on one point, they’re relatively uniform: Drones must remain within their operators’ line of sight. How do earthquake scientists collect drone data while working within the rules?
Shifts in Weather Patterns Vary by Region
Authors: Thompson Elizabeth
Published: October 2021

Decisions about water use will have to reflect changing trends in the local hydroclimate.
Paleosecular Variation and the Time‐Averaged Geomagnetic Field Since 10 Ma
Authors: de Oliveira Wellington P. , Hartmann Gelvam A. , Terra‐Nova Filipe , Brandt Daniele , Biggin Andrew J. , Engbers Yael A. , Bono Richard K. , Savian Jairo F. , Franco Daniel R. , Trindade Ricardo I. F. , Moncinhatto Thiago R.
Published: October 2021

Investigations into long‐term geomagnetic variations provide useful information regarding paleomagnetic field behavior. In this study, we assess the latitudinal structure of paleosecular variation (PSV) and the time‐averaged field (TAF) for the Brunhes normal and Matuyama reverse chrons, and for the 0–10 Ma period, from an updated and reviewed paleodirectional database spanning the past 10 Myr. The new database comprises 2,543 paleomagnetic sites from igneous rocks, providing improvements in the geographic and temporal distributions of high‐quality data relative to previous compilations. In addition, the new data collection differs considerably in application of strict selection criteria. Statistical analysis of the virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) dispersion curve of Model G reveals a low latitudinal dependence of PSV for the last 10 Myr. For this period, we present a zonal TAF model based on the latitudinal distribution of inclination anomaly data. The best estimates found for axial quadrupole and octupole components were about 3% and 1% relative to axial dipole component, respectively. The new statistical models for the Brunhes and Matuyama chrons have different patterns in both PSV and TAF, in compliance with earlier studies. Our quantitative assessments indicate an apparent hemispheric PSV asymmetry, particularly in the Brunhes chron, with a stronger latitudinal signature in the southern hemisphere compared to the north. These findings suggest that equatorial PSV asymmetry, that has previously been found in modern, historical and millennial scale geomagnetic models, has persisted over the past 0.78 Ma.
A New Open Source Implementation of Lagrangian Filtering: A Method to Identify Internal Waves in High‐Resolution Simulations
Authors: Shakespeare Callum J. , Gibson Angus H. , Hogg Andrew McC. , Bachman Scott D. , Keating Shane R. , Velzeboer Nick
Published: October 2021

Identifying internal waves in complex flow fields is a long‐standing problem in fluid dynamics, oceanography and atmospheric science, owing to the overlap of internal waves temporal and spatial scales with other flow regimes. Lagrangian filtering—that is, temporal filtering in a frame of reference moving with the flow—is one proposed methodology for performing this separation. Here we (a) describe an improved implementation of the Lagrangian filtering methodology and (b) introduce a new freely available, parallelized Python package that applies the method. We show that the package can be used to directly filter output from a variety of common ocean models including MITgcm, Regional Ocean Modeling System and MOM5 for both regional and global domains at high resolution. The Lagrangian filtering is shown to be a useful tool to both identify (and thereby quantify) internal waves, and to remove internal waves to isolate the non‐wave flow field.
Estimating the Geoelectric Field and Electric Power Transmission Line Voltage During a Geomagnetic Storm in Alberta, Canada Using Measured Magnetotelluric Impedance Data: The Influence of Three‐Dimensional Electrical Structures in the Lithosphere
Authors: Cordell Darcy , Unsworth Martyn J. , Lee Benjamin , Hanneson Cedar , Milling David K. , Mann Ian R.
Published: October 2021

Estimating the effect of geomagnetic disturbances on power grid infrastructure is an important problem since they can induce damaging currents in electric power transmission lines. In this study, an array of magnetotelluric (MT) impedance measurements in Alberta and southeastern British Columbia are used to estimate the geoelectric field resulting from a magnetic storm on September 8, 2017. The resulting geoelectric field is compared to the geoelectric field modeled using the more common method that uses a piecewise‐continuous 1‐D conductivity model. The 1‐D model assumes horizontal layers, which result in orthogonal induced electric fields while the measured MT impedance data can account for fully 3‐D conductivity structure. The geoelectric field derived from measured MT impedance data is partially polarized in southern Alberta, and the geoelectric field magnitude is largest in northeastern Alberta where the resistive Canadian Shield outcrops. The induced voltage in the Alberta transmission network is estimated to be ∼120 V larger in northeastern Alberta when using the measured MT impedances compared to the piecewise‐continuous 1‐D model. Estimated voltages on transmission lines oriented NW‐SE in southern Alberta are 10%–20% larger when using the MT impedances due to the polarized geoelectric field. As shown with forward modeling tests, the polarization is due to a feature in the lower crust (20–30 km depth) called the Southern Alberta British Columbia conductor that is associated with a Proterozoic tectonic suture zone. This forms an important link between ancient tectonic processes and modern‐day geoelectric hazards that cannot be modeled with a 1‐D analysis.
Calcium-dependent signalling in B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Berditchevski Fedor , Fennell Eanna , Murray Paul G.
Published: October 2021

Induced waves of calcium fluxes initiate multiple signalling pathways that play an important role in the differentiation and maturation of B-cells. Finely tuned transient Ca+2fluxes from the endoplasmic reticulum in response to B-cell receptor (BCR) or chemokine receptor activation are followed by more sustained calcium influxes from the extracellular environment and contribute to the mechanisms responsible for the proliferation of B-cells, their migration within lymphoid organs and their differentiation. Dysregulation of these well-balanced mechanisms in B-cell lymphomas results in uncontrolled cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. Consequently, several cytotoxic drugs (and anti-proliferative compounds) used in standard chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of people with lymphoma target calcium-dependent pathways. Furthermore, ~10% of lymphoma associated mutations are found in genes with functions in calcium-dependent signalling, including those affecting B-cell receptor signalling pathways. In this review, we provide an overview of the Ca2+-dependent signalling network and outline the contribution of its key components to B cell lymphomagenesis. We also consider how the oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus, which is causally linked to the pathogenesis of a number of B-cell lymphomas, can modify Ca2+-dependent signalling.
Negative feedback of SNRK to circ-SNRK regulates cardiac function post-myocardial infarction
Authors: Wang Zhi-Yan , Liu Xiao-Xiao , Deng Yun-Fei
Published: October 2021

A limited delivery of oxygen and metabolic substrate to the heart caused by myocardial infarction (MI) impairs the cardiac function, and often results in heart failure. Here, we identified a circRNA (circ-SNRK) from SNRK (sucrose nonfermenting 1-related kinase, which can increase the cardiac mitochondrial efficiency) in cardiomyocytes (CMs). Circ-SNRK can sponge the miR-33 and in turn improved the ATP synthesis via SNRK, proving the existence of circ-SNRK - miR-33 - SNRK axis. Furthermore, we found that protein NOVA1 (NOVA alternative splicing regulator 1) could accelerate the circ-SNRK formation; a cleaved peptide (~55 kDa) from SNRK enters the nucleus and blocks the cyclization of circ-SNRK via binding to NOVA1. The aforementioned negative feedback of SNRK to circ-SNRK limited the SNRK at a proper level, and inhibited the protective role of circ-SNRK in ischemic heart. In addition, our in vivo experiment indicated that the overexpression of exogenic circ-SNRK could break this loop and improves the cardiac function post-MI in rats. Together, our results demonstrated that the negative loop of circ-SNRK with SNRK regulates the energy metabolism in CMs, thus might be a potential therapeutic target for heart failure.
Inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system by an NQO1-activatable compound
Authors: Giovannucci Tatiana A. , Salomons Florian A. , Haraldsson Martin , Elfman Lotta H. M. , Wickström Malin , Young Patrick , Lundbäck Thomas , Eirich Jürgen , Altun Mikael , Jafari Rozbeh , Gustavsson Anna-Lena , Johnsen John Inge , Dantuma Nico P.
Published: October 2021

Malignant cells display an increased sensitivity towards drugs that reduce the function of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which is the primary proteolytic system for destruction of aberrant proteins. Here, we report on the discovery of the bioactivatable compound CBK77, which causes an irreversible collapse of the UPS, accompanied by a general accumulation of ubiquitylated proteins and caspase-dependent cell death. CBK77 caused accumulation of ubiquitin-dependent, but not ubiquitin-independent, reporter substrates of the UPS, suggesting a selective effect on ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. In a genome-wide CRISPR interference screen, we identified the redox enzyme NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) as a critical mediator of CBK77 activity, and further demonstrated its role as the compound bioactivator. Through affinity-based proteomics, we found that CBK77 covalently interacts with ubiquitin. In vitro experiments showed that CBK77-treated ubiquitin conjugates were less susceptible to disassembly by deubiquitylating enzymes. In vivo efficacy of CBK77 was validated by reduced growth of NQO1-proficient human adenocarcinoma cells in nude mice treated with CBK77. This first-in-class NQO1-activatable UPS inhibitor suggests that it may be possible to exploit the intracellular environment in malignant cells for leveraging the impact of compounds that impair the UPS.
A chemical probe based on the PreQ1 metabolite enables transcriptome-wide mapping of binding sites
Authors: Balaratnam Sumirtha , Rhodes Curran , Bume Desta Doro , Connelly Colleen , Lai Christopher C. , Kelley James A. , Yazdani Kamyar , Homan Philip J. , Incarnato Danny , Numata Tomoyuki , Schneekloth Jr John S.
Published: October 2021

The role of metabolite-responsive riboswitches in regulating gene expression in bacteria is well known and makes them useful systems for the study of RNA-small molecule interactions. Here, we study the PreQ1 riboswitch system, assessing sixteen diverse PreQ1-derived probes for their ability to selectively modify the class-I PreQ1 riboswitch aptamer covalently. For the most active probe (11), a diazirine-based photocrosslinking analog of PreQ1, X-ray crystallography and gel-based competition assays demonstrated the mode of binding of the ligand to the aptamer, and functional assays demonstrated that the probe retains activity against the full riboswitch. Transcriptome-wide mapping using Chem-CLIP revealed a highly selective interaction between the bacterial aptamer and the probe. In addition, a small number of RNA targets in endogenous human transcripts were found to bind specifically to 11, providing evidence for candidate PreQ1 aptamers in human RNA. This work demonstrates a stark influence of linker chemistry and structure on the ability of molecules to crosslink RNA, reveals that the PreQ1 aptamer/ligand pair are broadly useful for chemical biology applications, and provides insights into how PreQ1, which is similar in structure to guanine, interacts with human RNAs.