bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract P344: High Fat Diet Increases Inflammatory Gene Expression In Perivascular Adipose Tissue And Mesenteric Lymph Nodes Prior To Hypertension In Dahl S Rats
Authors: Jin Yining , Kana Omar , Garver Hannah , Kaiser Luca , Watts Stephanie W , Fink Gregory D , Nault Rance , Bhattacharya Sudin , Rockwell Cheryl E
Published: September 2022

There are considerable data to suggest an association between inflammation and cardiovascular disease, including a link between the immune system and hypertension. Our previous studies indicated an increase in the induction of proinflammatory cytokines by activated T cells cultured in media conditioned with perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) taken from Dahl S rats on a high fat diet (HFD). Notably this effect preceded the development of hypertension in these animals. The purpose of the present studies was to test the hypothesis that high fat diet promotes inflammatory gene expression in immune cells in mesenteric PVAT and mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN) of Dahl S rats prior to the development of hypertension. To test this hypothesis, we isolated the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) from mPVAT and cells from mLN from Dahl S rats on high fat diet for 10 weeks for single cell RNA-sequencing analysis. In the mPVAT SVF we found an increase in the expression of acute inflammatory genes, including
Tnfa
, and genes associated with T cell chemotaxis, such as
Cxcr3
and
Cxcl11
. Conversely, there was also an increase in genes that negatively regulate immune response and adipokine expression in mPVAT SVF from Dahl S rats on HFD. In mLN, we found an increase in genes associated with IL-3 signaling in CD8 T cells and in genes associated with NFκB signaling in CD4 T cells (Fig. 1). Taken together, these data suggest an increase in acute inflammatory signaling in cells in mPVAT and mLN from Dahl S rats on HFD.
Abstract P353: SOME ATYPICAL PRESENTATIONS OF HYPERALDOSTERONISM
Authors: Reddi Vuha , Raut Raymond
Published: September 2022

Primary hyperaldosteronism (PA) has an incidence between 5% to 13% as a cause of secondary hypertension. Independent of hypertension, PA itself has demonstrated cardiovascular side effects. Therefore, it may be worthwhile to be aware of any unusual presentations of PA. Our case series shows 2 unique presentations of PA.

Cases:
A 68-year-old woman with a past medical history of hypertension and hypokalemia had a negative workup for secondary hypertension including PA 10 years ago. She was managed on amiloride however developed a breakthrough with elevated blood pressure (BP), hypokalemia, high serum aldosterone level of 36.6 ng/dl, and low renin of 0.8 ng/ml/hr. CT of the abdomen showed bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH), more prominent on the left side along with a 1.6cm nodule. Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) showed an aldosterone level 3.5 times higher on the left side, but the right adrenal gland aldosterone production was not suppressed. Repeat AVS is now planned. A 63-year-old male with a past medical history of PA in the setting of BAH was treated with an eplerenone-based regimen. During one of his routine nephrology office visits, the patient had potassium of 2.2mmol/L and elevated BP. MRI of the abdomen showed an adenoma of 2 cm on the left adrenal gland. Proper lateralization was documented and underwent left adrenalectomy which proved to be beneficial.

Discussion:
BAH and unilateral adrenal adenomas account for 90% of PA cases. BAH is medically managed, however, if disease lateralization is noted, surgery may be an option for better long-term BP control. Our first patient had BAH with no documented PA, however, she developed a breakthrough event after several years, and a repeat workup documented a dominant nodule. AVS is still unclear in this patient, and we plan to repeat it. Our second case shows the maturation of one of the adrenal nodules in the setting of well-controlled BAH to produce breakthrough symptoms of PA. Lateralization was documented leading to a successful surgical intervention. A significant improvement in BP and return to normokalaemia was noted clearly exemplifying the role of surgery in BAH.
Abstract P356: Cutaneous Vasodilation May Contribute To 5-ht-induced Hypotension In The Rat
Authors: Butler Ben , Fink Gregory D , Garver Hannah , Watts Stephanie W
Published: September 2022

5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) is well-recognized to have vasodilator properties. For example, infusion of 5HT at low rates into rats decreases blood pressure acutely and chronically through reduction of total peripheral resistance. We recently showed that vasodilation in the hindquarters contributes to this fall in peripheral resistance. The hindquarter in the rat is mostly made up of skeletal muscle but also includes skin. Therefore, we hypothesized that an increase in blood flow in the skin, measured as an elevated temperature (T) in the thermoregulatory tail and paws, could contribute in part to 5-HT-induced reduction in blood pressure and hindquarters vasodilation. The temperature of thermoregulatory organs in the skin of anesthetized male, Sprague Dawley rats were measured using a Optris PI640 thermal camera. Blood pressure (from a radiotelemeter) and temperature of each paw and four locations along the tail (TL1-4) were recorded for 20 minutes before, during, and after infusion of 5-HT at a rate of 25 μg/min into the femoral vein. With this infusion protocol, the mean arterial blood pressure of rats fell over 30 mm Hg. However, the temperature of the paws (~29-32
o
C) and tail (32
o
at base, 25
o
C at tip) were stable before and during 5-HT infusion, suggesting that flow was maintained, vs reduced, during this time. T increased during the 15-minute recovery time in all tail sections (base = from 32
o
to 34
o
C; tip from 23.5
o
to 25.5
o
C). Because the skin circulation exhibits only weak autoregulation, our results suggests that 5-HT infusion causes vasodilation of glabrous skin in the rat but without causing hyperemia. This could play a part in 5-HT induced hypotension.
Telomere Shortening in Hypertensive Heart Disease Depends on Oxidative DNA Damage and Predicts Impaired Recovery of Cardiac Function in Heart Failure
Authors: Brandt Moritz , Dörschmann Hendrik , Khraisat Sana’a , Knopp Tanja , Ringen Julia , Kalinovic Sanela , Garlapati Venkata , Siemer Svenja , Molitor Michael , Göbel Sebastian , Stauber Roland , Karbach Susanne Helena , Münzel Thomas , Daiber Andreas , Wenzel Philip
Published: September 2022

Background:

Heart failure (HF) coincides with cardiomyocyte telomere shortening. Arterial hypertension is the most prominent risk factor for HF. Both HF and arterial hypertension are associated with dysregulation of the neurohormonal axis. How neurohormonal activation is linked to telomere shortening in the pathogenesis of HF is incompletely understood.

methods:

Cardiomyocyte telomere length was assessed in a mouse model of hypertensive HF induced by excess neurohormonal activation (AngII [angiotensin II] infusion, high salt diet, and uninephrectomy), in AngII-stimulated cardiomyocytes and in endomyocardial biopsies from patients with HF. Superoxide production, expression of NOX2 (NADPH oxidase 2) and PRDX1 (peroxiredoxin 1) and HDAC6 (histone deacetylase 6) activity were assessed.

Results:

Telomere shortening occurred in vitro and in vivo, correlating with both left ventricular (LV) dilatation and LV systolic function impairment. Telomere shortening coincided with increased superoxide production, increased NOX2 expression, increased HDAC6 activity, loss of the telomere-specific antioxidant PRDX1, and increased oxidative DNA-damage. NOX2 knockout prevented PRDX1 depletion, DNA-damage and telomere shortening confirming this enzyme as a critical source of reactive oxygen species. Cotreatment with the NOX inhibitor apocynin ameliorated hypertensive HF and telomere shortening. Similarly, treatment with the HDAC6 inhibitor tubastatin A, which increases PRDX1 bioavailability, prevented telomere shortening in adult cardiomyocytes. To explore the clinical relevance of our findings, we examined endomyocardial biopsies from an all-comer population of patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction. Here, cardiomyocyte telomere length predicted the recovery of cardiac function.

Conclusions:

Cardiomyocyte telomere shortening and oxidative damage in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction induced by excess neurohormonal activation depends on NOX2-derived superoxide and may help to stratify HF therapy.
Trophoblast-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Preeclampsia by Regulating Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Liu Xiu , Fei Haiyi , Yang Cuiyu , Wang Jianmin , Zhu Xiaohong , Yang Anran , Shi Zhan , Jin Xiaoying , Yang Fei , Wu Dan , Jiang Lingling , Zhang Songying
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:

Systemic inflammation caused by dysfunctional macrophages is a crucial pathogenetic event in preeclampsia (PE). Trophoblast-derived extracellular vesicles (T-EVs) are potent immune cell signaling modulators in pregnancy. Herein, we aimed to investigate T-EVs’ effect and mechanism on macrophage polarization and its role in PE pathogenesis, which remain unclear.

METHODS:

Flow cytometry and immunochemistry were used to determine placental macrophage phenotypes. T-EVs were immuno-isolated via placental alkaline phosphatase antibody and identified by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry were used to examine the effects of T-EVs on macrophage polarization, and correlation analysis of T-EVs lipidomics and macrophages transcriptome were performed to explore how T-EVs modulate macrophages. Animal experiments were established to investigate the relationship among PE, T-EVs, and macrophages.

RESULTS:

Macrophages shift from the M2 to M1 phenotype in the preeclamptic placenta. Also, T-EVs from women with PE (PE-EVs) significantly upregulated M1 gene markers and significantly downregulated CD163 expression in macrophages compared with T-EVs in women with normal pregnancies (NP-EVs). Mechanistically, correlation analysis with T-EVs lipidome and the transcriptome of macrophages treated with PE-EVs or NP-EVs indicated that 37 lipids altered in PE-EVs considerably affected classical inflammatory biological pathways in macrophages. Finally, animal experiments revealed that PE-EVs triggered PE-like symptoms in pregnant mice, which were alleviated after macrophage depletion.

CONCLUSIONS:

T-EVs from women with PE could promote preeclampsia by inducing macrophage imbalance polarization, signifying a potential novel interventional target for the prevention and management of PE.
Comparative Safety and Effectiveness of Aldosterone Antagonists Versus Beta-Blockers as Fourth Agents in Patients With Apparent Resistant Hypertension
Authors: Desai Raj , Park Haesuk , Brown Joshua D. , Mohandas Rajesh , Pepine Carl J. , Smith Steven M.
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:

Limited evidence exists regarding long-term effectiveness and safety of aldosterone antagonists (AAs) versus beta blockers (BBs) as fourth-line antihypertensive agents in patients with resistant hypertension (RH). We evaluated the comparative effectiveness and safety of aldosterone AA versus BB.

METHODS:

We conducted a real-world retrospective cohort study using IBM MarketScan commercial claims and Medicare Supplemental claims (2007–2019). Patients with RH entered the cohort (ie, index date) when they newly initiated either AA or BB. The effectiveness outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events. Safety outcomes were hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, and kidney function deterioration. Potential confounding was addressed by adjustment for baseline characteristics via stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (SIPTW) based on propensity scores. Cox proportional hazards regression with SIPTWs were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% CI comparing risk for outcomes between AA and BB groups.

RESULTS:

We identified 80 598 patients with RH (mean age: 61 years, 51% males), of which 6626 initiated AA and 73 972 initiated BB as the fourth antihypertensive agent. Among patients with RH, initiation of AA as a fourth-line antihypertensive agent did not significantly reduce major adverse cardiovascular event risk relative to BB initiation (aHR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.50–1.19]) but did substantially increase the risk of hyperkalemia (aHR, 3.86 [95% CI, 2.78–5.34]), gynecomastia (aHR, 9.51 [95% CI, 5.69–15.89]), and kidney function deterioration (aHR, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.34–1.99]).

CONCLUSIONS:

Long-term clinical trials powered to assess major adverse cardiovascular events are necessary to understand the risk-benefit trade-off of AA as fourth-line therapy for RH.
Dynein Coordinates β2-Adrenoceptor-Mediated Relaxation in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rat Mesenteric Arteries
Authors: van der Horst Jennifer , Rognant Salomé , Hellsten Ylva , Aalkjær Christian , Jepps Thomas A.
Published: September 2022

Background:

The voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv)7.4 and Kv7.5 channels contribute to the β-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilatation. In arteries from hypertensive rodents, the Kv7.4 channel is downregulated and function attenuated, which contributes to the reduced β-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilatation observed in these arteries. Recently, we showed that disruption of the microtubule network, with colchicine, or inhibition of the microtubule motor protein, dynein, with ciliobrevin D, enhanced the membrane abundance and function of Kv7.4 channels in rat mesenteric arteries. This study aimed to determine whether these pharmacological compounds can improve Kv7.4 function in third-order mesenteric arteries from the spontaneously hypertensive rat, thereby restoring the β-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilatation.

methods:

Wire and intravital myography was performed on normotensive and hypertensive male rat mesenteric arteries and immunostaining was performed on isolated smooth muscle cells from the same arteries.

Results:

Using wire and intravital microscopy, we show that ciliobrevin D enhanced the β-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilatation by isoprenaline. This effect was inhibited partially by the Kv7 channel blocker linopirdine and was dependent on an increased functional contribution of the β2-adrenoceptor to the isoprenaline-mediated relaxation. In mesenteric arteries from the spontaneously hypertensive rat, ciliobrevin D and colchicine both improved the isoprenaline-mediated vasorelaxation and relaxation to the Kv7.2 -7.5 activator, ML213. Immunostaining confirmed ciliobrevin D enhanced the membrane abundance of Kv7.4. As well as an increase in the function of Kv7.4, the functional changes were associated with an increase in the contribution of β2-adrenoceptor following isoprenaline treatment. Immunostaining experiments showed ciliobrevin D prevented isoprenaline-mediated internalizationof the β2-adrenoceptor.

Conclusions:

Overall, these data show that colchicine and ciliobrevin D can induce a β2-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilatation in arteries from the spontaneously hypertensive rat as well as reinstating Kv7.4 channel function.
Urine Uromodulin Is Not Associated With Blood Pressure in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Cohort
Authors: Bakhoum Christine Y. , Matheson Matthew B. , Greenberg Jason H. , Furth Susan L. , Ix Joachim H. , Garimella Pranav S.
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:

Uromodulin regulates activity of the sodium-potassium-two-chloride transporter in the loop of Henle. In adults, higher urine uromodulin levels are associated with greater rise in blood pressure (BP) in response to salt intake. We hypothesized that higher urine uromodulin levels would be associated with higher BP in children with chronic kidney disease, and that there would be an interaction of dietary sodium on this association.

METHODS:

In the chronic kidney disease in children Cohort, we utilized univariable and multivariable linear regression models to evaluate the relationship between baseline spot urine uromodulin levels indexed to urine creatinine (Umod/Cr mg/g) and 24-hour mean systolic and diastolic BP, as well as baseline clinic BP. We also tested whether sodium intake (g/day) modified these relationships.

RESULTS:

Among 436 participants, the median age was 12.4 years (8.9–15.2), median estimated glomerular filtration rate was 50 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
(36–62), and median 24-hour mean systolic BP was 112 mm Hg (104–119). The etiology of chronic kidney disease was glomerular disease in 27%. In univariable models, each 2-fold higher Umod/Cr ratio was associated with a 1.66 mm Hg (95% CI, −2.31 to −1.00) lower 24-hour mean systolic and a 1.71 mm Hg (−2.45 to −0.97) lower clinic systolic BP. However, there was no statistically significant association between Umod/Cr and either 24-hour or clinic BP in multivariable models. We did not find a significant interaction between uromodulin and sodium intake in their effect on BP (
P
>0.05 in all models).

CONCLUSIONS:

Urine uromodulin levels are not associated with BP in the chronic kidney disease in children cohort. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding in healthy pediatric cohorts.
S1P (Sphingosine-1-Phosphate)–Induced Vasodilation in Human Resistance Arterioles During Health and Disease
Authors: Katunaric Boran , SenthilKumar Gopika , Schulz Mary E. , De Oliveira Nilto , Freed Julie K.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Preclinical studies suggest that S1P (sphingosine-1-phosphate) influences blood pressure regulation primarily through NO-induced vasodilation. Because microvascular tone significantly contributes to mean arterial pressure, the mechanism of S1P on human resistance arterioles was investigated. We hypothesized that S1P induces NO-mediated vasodilation in human arterioles from adults without coronary artery disease (non–coronary artery disease) through activation of 2 receptors, S1PR
1
(S1P receptor 1) and S1PR
3
(S1P receptor 3). Furthermore, we tested whether this mechanism is altered in vessels from patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease.

methods:

Human arterioles (50–200 µm in luminal diameter) were dissected from otherwise discarded surgical adipose tissue, cannulated, and pressurized. Following equilibration, resistance vessels were preconstricted with ET-1 (endothelin-1) and changes in internal diameter to increasing concentrations of S1P (10-12 to 10-7 M) in the presence or absence of various inhibitors were measured.

Results:

S1P resulted in significant dilation that was abolished in vessels treated with S1PR
1
and S1PR
3
inhibitors and in vessels with reduced expression of each receptor. Dilation to S1P was significantly reduced in the presence of the NOS (NO synthase) inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and the NO scavenger 2-4-(carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide. Interestingly, dilation was also significantly impaired in the presence of PEG-catalase (polyethylene glycol–catalase), apocynin, and specific inhibitors of NOX (NADPH oxidases) 2 and 4. Dilation in vessels from patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease was dependent on H
2
O
2
alone which was only dependent on S1PR
3
activation.

Conclusions:

These translational studies highlight the inter-species variation observed in vascular signaling and provide insight into the mechanism by which S1P regulates microvascular resistance and ultimately blood pressure in humans.
Red Blood Cell Microparticles Limit Hematoma Growth in Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Rehni Ashish K. , Cho Sunjoo , Quero Hever Navarro , Shukla Vibha , Zhang Zhexuan , Dong Chuanhui , Zhao Weizhao , Perez-Pinzon Miguel A. , Koch Sebastian , Jy Wenche , Dave Kunjan R.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) is the deadliest stroke subtype with no effective therapies. Limiting hematoma expansion is a promising therapeutic approach. Red blood cell-derived microparticles (RMPs) are novel hemostatic agents. Therefore, we studied the potential of RMPs in limiting hematoma growth and improving outcomes post-sICH.

Methods:

sICH was induced in rats by intrastriatal injection of collagenase. RMPs were prepared from human RBCs by high-pressure extrusion. Behavioral and hematoma/lesion volume assessment were done post-sICH. The optimal dose, dosing regimen, and therapeutic time window of RMP therapy required to limit hematoma growth post-sICH were determined. We also evaluated the effect of RMPs on long-term behavioral and histopathologic outcomes post-sICH.

Results:

RMP treatment limited hematoma growth following sICH. Hematoma volume (mm
3
) for vehicle- and RMP- (2.66×10
10
particles/kg) treated group was 143±8 and 86±4, respectively. The optimal RMP dosing regimen that limits hematoma expansion was identified. RMPs limit hematoma volume when administered up to 4.5-hour post-sICH. Hematoma volume in the 4.5-hour post-sICH RMP treatment group was lower by 24% when compared with the control group. RMP treatment also improved long-term histopathologic and behavioral outcomes post-sICH.

Conclusions:

Our results demonstrate that RMP therapy limits hematoma growth and improves outcomes post-sICH in a rodent model. Therefore, RMPs have the potential to limit hematoma growth in sICH patients.
Artificial Intelligence–Parallel Stroke Workflow Tool Improves Reperfusion Rates and Door‐In to Puncture Interval
Authors: Hassan Ameer E. , Ringheanu Victor M. , Preston Laurie , Tekle Wondwossen G.
Published: September 2022

Background

The Viz.ai artificial intelligence (AI) software module Viz large‐vessel occlusion (LVO) utilizes AI‐powered LVO detection and triage technology to automatically identify suspected LVOs through computed tomographic angiogram imaging and alert on‐call stroke teams. We performed this analysis to determine whether the Viz LVO software can reduce the door‐in to puncture time interval within a comprehensive stroke center (CSC) for patients requiring endovascular treatment.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective chart review that compared the time interval between patient arrival in the emergency department (door‐in) to puncture for patients who presented consecutively with a stroke code to our CSC between November 2016 and May 2020. The implementation of the AI software (Viz LVO) at the CSC was in November 2018. Using a prospectively collected database at the CSC, demographics, and outcomes were examined. This study was based on evaluating real‐world practice.

Results

We analyzed 86 patients from the pre‐AI study phase (average age, 68.53±13.13 years, 40.7% female) and 102 patients from the post‐AI study phase (average age, 69.87±15.75 years, 43.1% women). Following the implementation of the software, the mean door‐in to puncture time interval within the CSC significantly improved by 86.7 minutes (206.6 versus 119.9 minutes;
P
<0.001); significant improvements were also noted in the rate of reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infraction 2B‐3) for patients in the post‐AI population (
P
=0.036).

Conclusion

The incorporation of the software was associated with a significant improvement in treatment time within the CSC, as well as significantly higher rates of adequate reperfusion. Prospective, multicenter, controlled studies with a larger cohort are warranted to expand on the ability of Viz LVO to improve treatment times and outcomes for patients with an LVO stroke.
The Advantages of Chaos: Myth-Making and COVID-19 in Hungary
Authors: Bradford Simon , Cullen F.J.
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has created new opportunities and challenges for populist regimes. A growing body of work has explored the formation of populist and nationalist political reactions in the wake of a global health crisis. This article explores myth-making and the Covid 19 pandemic in populist Hungary. We identify pandemic ‘mythogenic’ narratives that reconfigure and replay older ethno-nationalist myths, those of the ‘polluting’ alien Other, Hungarian exceptionalism, and treachery and betrayal. Thus, the power of global crisis is drawn into extant myths to support local political ends and the interests of Hungary’s governing party. The article cites examples of mythologising practice from Hungary’s hybrid media landscape, suggesting Hungarian politics is as much contested within the mythic and symbolic as in other domains.
Contrasting Modern and Contemporary Populist Regimes
Authors: Peruzzotti Enrique
Published: September 2022

The article analyses populism as a specific logic of governmental exercise that sets into motion the pattern of transformation of contemporary democratic regimes: democratic hybridization. Democratic hybridization entails the piecemeal dismantling of key aspects of liberal constitutionalism that take place in already democratized societies and is carried out by democratically elected administrations. The proposed pattern of regime hybridization differs from the one described by the literature on competitive authoritarianism since it does not take place within an authoritarian regime but in a democratic one. If carried out to the end, the pattern of democratic hybridization might lead to the replacement of democracy with authoritarianism. Such a pattern of political change (and not the traditional pattern of regime rupture) is the main threat faced by liberal democracies nowadays.
Three new species of the Merodon ruficornis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) discovered at the edge of its range
Authors: VUJIĆ ANTE , RADENKOVIĆ SNEŽANA , LIKOV LAURA , GORŠE IVA , DJAN MIHAJLA , RISTIĆ ZLATA MARKOV , BARKALOV ANATOLII V.
Published: September 2022

Further revision of material from the Merodon ruficornis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) revealed three new species, M. acutus Vujić et Radenković sp. nov. from Russia, M. fulvitarsis Vujić et Radenković sp. nov. from Iran, and M. trispinus Vujić et Radenković sp. nov. from Turkey. We provide an upgraded and illustrated identification key for the species of the group, as well as distribution maps for the new species. Moreover, we describe the female of M. portschinskyi Stackelberg, 1924. These new descriptions extend the range of the M. ruficornis group in almost all directions and bolster the very high level of endemism previously observed within this group. Of the 21 taxa (including the three new species described herein), 15 are narrow-range endemics.
A redescription of the rare eucyclopine copepod Eucyclops productus Kiefer, 1939 (Multicrustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae) and a keу to Eucyclops subgenera and species of China and adjacent areas
Authors: DING RUIRUI , CHEN FEIZHOU , ALEKSEEV VICTOR R.
Published: September 2022

The rare freshwater copepod Eucyclops (Speratocyclops) productus Kiefer, 1939 from Lake Mandongco, Tibet Autonomous Region, China, is redescribed. This species was originally found and described from a pond south of Chushul village, and many of the details did not meet modern standards for describing the species. In this paper, the morphological characteristics of this species are described in detail and compared with other members of the subgenus Speratocyclops species recorded in China. The key features of the species are: 1) long caudal rami, 2) the coxal seta of the fourth pair of legs armed with long hairs in the proximal part and short denticles in the distal part, 3) the inner spine of the fifth pair of legs long and strong. An identification key to 22 species of Eucyclops known from China and adjacent areas is also provided.
Direct Comparisons between GPM-DPR and CloudSat Snowfall Retrievals
Authors: Chase Randy J. , Nesbitt Stephen W. , McFarquhar Greg M. , Wood Norman B. , Heymsfield Gerald M.
Published: September 2022

Two spaceborne radars currently in orbit enable the sampling of snowfall near the surface and throughout the atmospheric column, namely, CloudSat’s Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) and the Global Precipitation Measurement mission’s Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (GPM-DPR). In this paper, a direct comparison of the CPR’s 2C-SNOW-PROFILE (2CSP), the operational GPM-DPR algorithm (2ADPR) and a neural network (NN) retrieval applied to the GPM-DPR data is performed using coincident observations between both radars. Examination of over 3500 profiles within moderate to strong precipitation (Ka band ≥ 18 dBZ) show that the NN retrieval provides the closest retrieval of liquid equivalent precipitation rate R immediately above the melting level to the R retrieved just below the melting layer, agreeing within 5%. Meanwhile, 2CSP retrieves a maximum value of R at −15°C, decreases by 35% just above the melting layer, and is about 50% smaller than the GPM-DPR retrieved R below the melting layer. CPR-measured reflectivity shows median reduction of 2–3 dB from −15° to −2.5°C, likely the reason for the 2CSP retrieval reduction of R. Two case studies from NASA field campaigns [i.e., Olympic Mountains Experiment (OLYMPEX) and Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS)] provide analogs to the type of precipitating systems found in the comparison between retrieval products. For the snowfall events that GPM-DPR can observe, this work suggests that the 2CSP retrieval is likely underestimating the unattenuated reflectivity, resulting in a potential negative, or low, bias in R. Future work should investigate how frequently the underestimated reflectivity profiles occur within the CPR record and quantify its potential effects on global snowfall accumulation estimation.
Influence of Stability and Surface Roughness on Turbulence during the Stable Atmospheric Variability and Transport (SAVANT) Field Campaign
Authors: Bhimireddy Sudheer R. , Wang Junming , Hiscox April L. , Kristovich David A. R.
Published: September 2022

Harvesting of crops in a weakly sloping Midwestern field during the Stable Atmospheric Variability and Transport (SAVANT) observation campaign allowed for a systematic investigation of the influence of surface roughness and static stability magnitude on the applicability of the Monin–Obukhov similarity (MOST) and hockey-stick transition (HOST) theories during stable boundary layer periods. We analyze momentum flux and turbulent velocity scale VTKE in three regimes, defined using the gradient Richardson number Ri and flux Richardson number Rif as regime 1 (0 < Ri ≤ 0.1 and 0 < Rif ≤ 0.1), regime 2 (0.1 < Ri ≤ 0.23 and 0.1 < Rif ≤ 0.23), and regime 3 (both Ri and Rif > 0.23). After harvest, in regime 1, stability varied from near-neutral to weakly stable and both MOST and HOST were applicable to estimate the momentum fluxes and VTKE as a function of mean wind speed. In regime 2, the momentum flux deviated from the MOST linear relationship as stability increased. In regimes 1 and 2, a HOST-defined threshold wind speed Vs was identified beyond which VTKE increased linearly with wind speed at a rate of 0.26 for all observation heights. Below this threshold wind speed, VTKE behaved independent of mean wind and observation heights. Alternatively, for preharvest periods, MOST was applicable in regimes 1 and 2 for all heights and HOST was applicable with reduced Vs for heights above the crop layer. Regime 3 during pre- and postharvest consisted of strongly stable periods and very weak to weak winds, where MOST was found to be invalid and VTKE remained low and independent of wind speed. The results suggest that roughness due to crops enhances the turbulence generation at lower wind speeds.
The Use of Inlay Bridge of the Posterior Fascia as Adjuvants to a Modified Rives-Stoppa Repair for Difficult Abdominal Wall Hernias
Authors: Goldstein Adam Lee , Nevo Nadav , Nizri Eran , Shimonovich Michal , Maman Yossi , Pencovich Niv , Lahat Guy , Karin Eliad
Published: September 2022

Background

Major abdominal wall defects remain a highly morbid complication. Occasionally a fascial defect is encountered, that despite all surgical efforts, is unable to completely approximate at the midline. Here we describe our method and outcomes of using a bridging mesh when the posterior fascia was unable to be approximated during the repair of large postoperative ventral hernias using the modified Rives-Stoppa technique.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted looking at all the open abdominal wall hernia repairs between 2014 and 2020. The cohort of patients who had a bridge placed in addition to the traditional open modified Rives-Stoppa repair were used for this study.

Results

Nineteen patients had a mesh inlay bridge placed in addition to a modified Rives-Stoppa repair with a sublay (retrorectus) Ultrapro mesh. For the inlay mesh 13 Symbotex composite meshes were placed and 6 Vicryl meshes used. The average surface area of the defect was 358.1 cm^2. The average length of hospitalization was 8.8 days with a range of 3-24 days. During the immediate postoperative course there were 6 minor complications. During the follow-up period there were 2 recurrences.

Discussion

The use of inlay mesh bridge as an adjuvant to a modified Rives-Stoppa repair with a sublay ultrapro mesh is an effective technique for difficult abdominal wall repairs where the posterior fascia is unable to be approximated without tension.
Stratified Preoperative A1c is not Significantly Associated With Clavien-Dindo Major Complications Following Bariatric Surgery in the MBSAQIP Database
Authors: Pina Luis , Dove James , Wood G. Craig , Parker David M. , Still Christopher , Petrick Anthony , Daouadi Mustapha
Published: September 2022

Background

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is highly prevalent comorbidity in patients with morbid obesity. It is still unclear whether a cutoff value of preoperative A1c represents an increased risk for major postoperative complications following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) and Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG).

Methods

Retrospective MBSAQIP Participant Use File cohort for both years 2017 and 2018 were analyzed to evaluate the relationship between HbA1c in patients with morbid obesity and T2DM undergoing bariatric surgery, and the 30 days postoperative major complications by Clavien-Dindo classification (III/IV). We used an HbA1c cutoff of <7, > =7, and stratified by 1% increment for a total of 11 groups. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression to analyze the outcome of the complications. Predicted probabilities were calculated for major complications. All statistical tests were two-sided with a P-value of less than .05 considered as a cut-off for statistical significance.

Results

Of 42,181 patients that met inclusion criteria, there were 20,955 identified with HbA1c <7%, and 21,226 patients with HbA1c >7%. Utilizing HbA1c <7% as a cutoff, we found no consistent statistical significance in the major postoperative complication in patients with HbA1c >7%, and when stratified with 1% increment between groups. We also found no significance between groups with risk adjustment.

Conclusions

Extensive analysis of the large MBSAQIP cohort didn’t result in a clinically significant association between stratified HbA1c and 30-day Clavien-Dindo major complications (III/IV) following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) and (SG).
2022 Report: Student Affiliates of Seventeen (SAS)
Authors: Rhames Alexis , Troyka Melinda , Taylor Kymbriona
Published: September 2022

The counseling psychology program at the University of Missouri-Columbia was selected to host the Student Affiliates of Seventeen (SAS) Executive Board from 2019 to 2022 and will complete its tenure at the conclusion of the 2022 APA Convention. This report outlines the work of the SAS Executive Board from 2021 through 2022, while also reflecting on three themes that have emerged over the course of our 3-year term: 1) Fostering Connections, 2) Social Justice and Advocacy, and 3) Organizational Development. A description and rationale for each theme will be provided in addition to a review of the activities that align with each theme. The SAS tri-chairs also provide a reflection on the challenges of leading amidst a pandemic and the potential impact of the pandemic on student engagement.
The Impact of Personal Security Dispositions on Citizen Support for the Pursuit of Gender Equality in US Foreign Policy
Authors: Stoll Richard J. , Eichenberg Richard C. , Lizotte Mary-Kate
Published: September 2022

Since 1995, presidents from both parties have increased US government initiatives in pursuit of global gender equality, but there has been little scholarly work that explores public support for these initiatives. We analyze the level of citizen support for several types of global gender equality programs. In addition, we explore support for one specific rationale for the policy –the argument that the participation of women in decision-making will make the world a more peaceful place. Our central hypothesis is that personal security dispositions are an important correlate of support for global gender initiatives, and our analysis yields support for the hypothesis. Citizens who place a high value on personal security display stronger support for gender equality in foreign policy. We close with suggestions for further research and discuss the policy implications of our findings, in particular with respect to public opinion on the use of military force.
The Evolution of Anti-Blackness in the American South: How Slavery and Segregation Perpetuates the Victimization of Black People
Authors: Bailey Caroline M.
Published: September 2022

Objectives: Drawing on the “legacy effect” framework and the intergroup contact hypothesis, this study examines whether 1) slavery is associated with anti-Black hate crimes, 2) racial segregation is associated with anti-Black hate crimes, and 3) racial segregation moderates the relationship between slavery and anti-Black hate crimes. Methods: Using several data sources, including the 1860 and 2000 U.S. Census and the 2000-2016 Uniform Crime Report, negative binomial regressions are employed to explore these research questions. Results: In support of the “legacy effect” and intergroup contact hypothesis, the findings from the analyses reveal that both slavery and racial segregation are significantly associated with increases in anti-Black hate crimes. Moreover, the relationship between slavery and anti-Black hate crimes is amplified by racial segregation. Conclusions: The results from this research suggest that historical practices and institutions, such as slavery, can influence the contemporary maltreatment of Black citizens. Specifically, the racism and discrimination inherent in slavery has manifested in the form of modern-day anti-Black hate crimes. Additionally, the relationship between slavery and anti-Black hate crimes is amplified when racial segregation prevents racial and ethnic groups from building meaningful relationships that could demystify the culture of Black inferiority created by the institution of slavery.
Prompting heritage-language engagement in English-speaking Maltese families, via a family language programme intervention
Authors: Formosa Jennifer , Little Sabine
Published: September 2022

This qualitative, exploratory research study is positioned within the field of Family Language Policy (FLP). Contextualised in bilingual Malta, where Maltese is the majority language, the study inquires into the effects of a plurilingual family language programme on the language ideologies within English-speaking Maltese families. The programme was followed by four such families over a four-week period, during which data were collected via the participants’ weekly entries into semi-structured family language journals. Upon the programme’s completion, a second set of data was collected via one-off, semi-structured, family focus group interviews, for the purpose of triangulation. The findings highlight interrelated issues across the macro, meso and micro levels of language ideology, contributing to existing research by postulating the potential of a family language programme to prompt ideological shifts in support of heritage-language engagement, transmission and maintenance.
Organizational Social Relations and Social Embedding: A Pluralistic Review
Authors: Cyr Audrey-Anne , Le Breton-Miller Isabelle , Miller Danny
Published: September 2022

To date there has been little systematic organization of the extensive literature on the processes and mechanisms shaping social relationships in and around organizations. In an analysis of 372 studies from this literature, we identified a broad spectrum of assumptions, priorities, and relational issues emerging from multiple disciplines and theoretical lenses. Three dominant perspectives surfaced in our study: economic, organizational, and interactionist. Each manifests distinctive ontologies of social relations, actors, relational processes, and modes of social embedding. The rich variety of relationships and causal patterns discovered characterizes more fully these perspectives, suggesting opportunities for further research within each, and a wider range of conceptual options to target relational paradigms toward different types of organizations, problems, and levels of analysis. It also brings to light the pluralistic nature of social relations in organizational contexts and the processes by which they become embedded.
Using Sports Data to Advance Management Research: A Review and a Guide for Future Studies
Authors: Fonti Fabio , Ross Jan-Michael , Aversa Paolo
Published: September 2022

Sports contexts are increasingly used in management research to test and develop theory and explore managerially relevant phenomena. This growth in publications is likely driven by a series of advantages that sports data offers to management researchers. However, such positive features are not a panacea, as several drawbacks are also associated with leveraging sports data, which can limit their usefulness for management scholars. In this paper, we aim to provide management researchers guidance to leverage the advantages and avoid the drawbacks of leveraging sports contexts. To do so, we identify and review 249 papers published over the last 50 years that used sports data to advance management theories and shed light on managerial phenomena. After outlining how these works contributed to the growth of several key conversations in management research, we discuss the advantages of using sports data by outlining how they can advance management research both conceptually (e.g., theory building and radical theorizing) and empirically (e.g., triangulation and replication). We then discuss the potential drawbacks of research using sports data and suggest ways to compensate for them. We close by outlining several new directions in which scholars can leverage sports data to further advance management research.
Gender, School Background, Personality, and Performance of Gifted and Regular Students in Indonesian National Competitions
Authors: Grasiaswaty Novika , Nisa Khairun , Junia Denawati , Nurrahmi Febri , Ikono Radyum , Fathii Muhammad , Noviyanto Alfian , Sukmayadi Asep
Published: September 2022

This study investigated the relationship between gender, school type, school location, personality, and winning a medal among participants of the two largest student competitions in Indonesia, the National Science Competition (KSN) and the Entrepreneur-based Student National Competition (FIKSI), sponsored by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture. Survey data were collected from 684 participants in KSN and 169 participants in FIKSI. The chi-square test and the logistic regression were employed using Jeffey’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP) ver. 13. The results revealed a substantial relationship between gender, school location, school type, and personality on winning a medal in KSN, but none in FIKSI. Results also revealed that male participants and participants from Java and private schools were more likely to win medals in KSN than female participants and participants from outside Java and public schools. This study also found that neuroticism has a statistically significant relationship toward receiving a medal in KSN.
Evaluation of Pharmacists’ Preferences and Barriers to Access Continuing Education: A Cross-Sectional Study in Lebanon
Authors: Hatem Georges , Ismaiil Lina , Awada Sanaa , Ghanem Diana , Assi Roula Bou , Goossens Mathijs
Published: September 2022

The implementation of continuing education programs for pharmacists in Lebanon is emerging and needs to be further developed and strengthened to fill the gaps between knowledge acquisition and its application in the workplace. This study examined the perceptions of pharmacist preferences for and barriers to access programs. A crosssectional descriptive study was undertaken with a convenience sample of 142 pharmacists who were surveyed in their workplace. Almost 83.1% of pharmacists reported their day-to-day workplace experiences were the best way to learn. The high cost (50%) and time away from work (37.8%) were the main barriers to continuing education. Pharmacists reported a mean satisfaction of 5.8 (sd = 2.2)/10 with programs suggesting a need for routine needs assessments and adaptation of programs to better meet their learning needs.
How do Asian international students use Australian university libraries? A literature review
Authors: O’Dwyer Clare P
Published: September 2022

The findings of this literature review are applicable to university libraries globally, as students accessing libraries are now more culturally diverse than was the case historically. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, this diversity was due to increased numbers of international students attending selected universities in Europe, Australia, New Zealand, the UK and Canada. The literature suggests that the different information seeking, cultural transition, information disruption, English-language challenges and learning styles of Asian international students are not fully understood by western university libraries. Consequently, university libraries may not have strategically aligned to their university’s internationalisation objectives. Lack of understanding of the experiences of Asian international students potentially attenuates their well-being and academic success. Furthermore, this lack of adaption could place universities, such as those in Australia, at risk of not meeting national regulatory compliance expectations. This review examines the literature about the context of Asian international students’ use of Australian university libraries and introduces a research project that explores the lived experience of using Australian university libraries. The review identifies literature regarding the changing profile of Asian international students enrolled in Australian universities, their information-seeking behaviour, cross-cultural dimensions, their communication skills, and the expectations of an Australian university library. The review of this literature also seeks to explore who is studying international students, which methods are being used to do so, and which topics are of particular interest to the researchers. Finally, the review considers new post-COVID-19 pandemic opportunities for both libraries and other service areas to understand the needs of Asian international students as universities competitively recruit for their return.
Reconfiguring Social Disconnectedness and Its Link to Psychological Well-Being among Older Adults in Rural China
Authors: Zhang Dan , Lin Zhiyong , Chen Feinian , Li Shuzhuo
Published: September 2022

Using data from 2015 to 2018 waves of the Longitudinal Study of Older Adults in Anhui Province, China, this study investigated associations between different forms of social disconnectedness (social isolation, loneliness, living alone) and psychological well-being of older adults longitudinally. The results showed that social isolation and loneliness were independently associated with psychological well-being, whereas living alone was not. Different forms of social disconnectedness had additive and interactive effects on psychological well-being of older adults. Those who were exposed to all three forms of social disconnectedness suffered from the lowest level of psychological well-being. Moreover, the adverse effects of social disconnectedness on psychological well-being were found to be stronger for older women than for older men. The results underscore the necessity to consider multiple forms of social disconnectedness as well as their different combinations in explaining psychological well-being in later life.