bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infrastructure for 3D Modeling of Historical Fountains in Istanbul with GIS-Based Procedural Approach
Authors: Şenyurdusev Güçlü , Dogru Ahmet Ozgur
Published: March 2024

Along with the concepts of “smart city” and “digital twin,” the 3D (threedimensional) city models have started to be used as a basis for many studies that have been carried out in recent years. The most important and basic components of 3D city models are the structures that are located in the cities. However, some small structures of historical importance are within the category of the buildings in a city but are often not as large as a building. Historical fountains are some of these structures. For this reason, modeling with existing3D city model-production methods is a little more complicated and requires local measurements and detailed modeling studies.As a result, this study has designed a database scheme design in which the historical city wall fountains in Istanbul can be stored in a spatial database and modeled in three dimensions (with procedural modeling when necessary). In addition, the conveniences that this infrastructure will provide in the production of 3D structure models and some difficulties that were encountered during these studies are also discussed and examined.
Comparison of Statistical and Machine-Learning Model for Analyzing Landslide Susceptibility in Sumedang Area, Indonesia
Authors: Fitriana Hana Listi , Ismanto Rido Dwi , Tulus Jessica Stephanie , Julzarika Atriyon , Nugroho Jalu Tejo , Manalu Johannes
Published: March 2024

Landslides have produced several recurrent dangers, including losses of life and property, losses of agricultural land, erosion, population relocation, and others. Landslide mitigation is critical since population and economic expansion are rapidly followed by significant infrastructure development, increasing the risk of catastrophes. At an early stage in landslide-disaster mitigation, landslide-risk mapping must give critical information to help policies limit the potential for landslide damage. This study will utilize the comparative frequency ratio (FR) and random forest (RF) techniques; they will be utilized to properly investigate the distribution of flood vulnerability in the Sumedang area. This study has identified 12 criteria for developing a landslide-susceptibility model in the research region based on the features of past disasters in the research area. The FR and RF models scored 88 and 81% of the AUC value, respectively. Based on the McNemar test, the FR and RF models featured the same performance in determining the landslide-vulnerability level performances in Sumedang. They performed well in assessing landslides in the research region; therefore, they may be used as references in landslide prevention and references in future regional development plans by the stakeholders.
Pan-cortical 2-photon mesoscopic imaging and neurobehavioral alignment in awake, behaving mice
Authors: Vickers Evan D. , McCormick David A.
Published: March 2024

The flow of neural activity across the neocortex during active sensory discrimination is constrained by task-specific cognitive demands, movements, and internal states. During behavior, the brain appears to sample from a broad repertoire of activation motifs. Understanding how these patterns of local and global activity are selected in relation to both spontaneous and task-dependent behavior requires in-depth study of densely sampled activity at single neuron resolution across large regions of cortex. In a significant advance toward this goal, we developed procedures to record mesoscale 2-photon Ca
2+
imaging data from two novel
in vivo
preparations that, between them, allow simultaneous access to nearly all of the mouse dorsal and lateral neocortex. As a proof of principle, we aligned neural activity with both behavioral primitives and high-level motifs to reveal the existence of large populations of neurons that coordinated their activity across cortical areas with spontaneous changes in movement and/or arousal. The methods we detail here facilitate the identification and exploration of widespread, spatially heterogeneous neural ensembles whose activity is related to diverse aspects of behavior.
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to study inflammation-induced aberrant calcium transient
Authors: Tatekoshi Yuki , Chen Chunlei , Shapiro Jason Solomon , Chang Hsiang-Chun , Blancard Malorie , Lyra-Leite Davi M , Burridge Paul W , Feinstein Matthew , D'Aquila Richard , Hsue Priscilla , Ardehali Hossein
Published: March 2024

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is commonly found in persons living with HIV (PLWH) even when antiretroviral therapy suppresses HIV viremia. However, studying this condition has been challenging because an appropriate animal model is not available. In this article, we studied calcium transient in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) in culture to simulate the cardiomyocyte relaxation defect noted in PLWH and HFpEF and assess whether various drugs have an effect. We show that treatment of hiPSC-CMs with inflammatory cytokines (such as interferon-γ or TNF-α) impairs their Ca2+ uptake into sarcoplasmic reticulum and that SGLT2 inhibitors, clinically proven as effective for HFpEF, reverse this effect. Additionally, treatment with mitochondrial antioxidants (like mito-Tempo) and certain antiretrovirals resulted in the reversal of the effects of these cytokines on calcium transient. Finally, incubation of hiPSC-CMs with serum from HIV patients with and without diastolic dysfunction did not alter their Ca2+-decay time, indicating that the exposure to the serum of these patients is not sufficient to induce the decrease in Ca2+ uptake in vitro. Together, our results indicate that hiPSC-CMs can be used as a model to study molecular mechanisms of inflammation-mediated abnormal cardiomyocyte relaxation and screen for potential new interventions.
Differential functions of the dorsal and intermediate regions of the hippocampus for optimal goal-directed navigation in VR space
Authors: Hwang Hyeri , Jin Seung-Woo , Lee Inah
Published: March 2024

Goal-directed navigation requires the hippocampus to process spatial information in a value-dependent manner, but its underlying mechanism needs to be better understood. Here, we investigated whether the dorsal (dHP) and intermediate (iHP) regions of the hippocampus differentially function in processing place and its associated value information. Rats were trained in a place-preference task involving reward zones with different values in a visually rich VR environment where two-dimensional navigation was possible. Rats learned to use distal visual scenes effectively to navigate to the reward zone associated with a higher reward. Inactivation of the dHP or iHP with muscimol altered navigational patterns differentially. Specifically, measurements of the efficiency and accuracy of wayfinding behavior using directional analysis showed that iHP inactivation induced more severe damage to value-dependent navigation than dHP inactivation. Our findings suggest that the dHP is more critical for accurate spatial navigation to the target location per se, whereas the iHP is critical for finding higher-value goal locations.
Multiangle perception-oriented environmental facility design method based on joint fuzzy decision-making and transfer learning
Authors: Yao Siconghui
Published: March 2024

In modern society, the demand for environmental facilities is increasing, and how to effectively design and plan environmental facilities has become an urgent issue. However, traditional design methods often consider only certain requirements and perspectives, resulting in design results deviating from the expectations of actual users. In this study, first, perceptual fuzzy decision-making and design transfer learning were selected as methods. Second, by applying multiple perspectives to environmental facility design methods, these two methods were combined, and a new joint algorithm was proposed. Third, when designing environmental facilities, a joint processing framework was constructed considering the impact of human factors, environmental parameters, and cultural value parameters on the design results. Last, the proposed joint algorithm was validated for functionality and satisfaction. The experimental results of this article indicate that in temperature control design, the accuracy of this research model is 17.7–19.6% greater than that of traditional centralized algorithms. In terms of lighting design, the model results of this study are good, with an increase of 16.7–20.2%. This method comprehensively considers the various dimensional requirements of environmental facilities and has good migration performance. In future studies, we will further investigate the applicability of this method in different scenarios and applications to promote the further development of environmental design.
A structure-preserving linearly homomorphic signature scheme with designated combiner
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Tian Yuan , Zhong Weidong , Zhou Tanping , Yang Xiaoyuan
Published: March 2024

Linearly homomorphic signature (LHS) allows the acquisition of a new legal signature using the homomorphic operation of the original signatures. However, the public composability of LHS also prevents it from being used in some scenarios where the combiner needs to be designated. The LZZ22 scheme designates a combiner and preserves the signature structure by having the signer and the designated combiner share a secret. However, LZZ22 is not secure enough because the secret is constant. Here, we first prove that there is a polynomial time adversary that can crack the secret in LZZ22 through multiple signature queries. Then, we propose a new scheme, which realizes all the functions of LZZ22 and fixes the security problem by changing the secret with the message. The proposed scheme is shown to be secure against existential forgery on adaptively chosen subspace attacks under the random oracle model. Finally, we detail how to apply our scheme to the proxy signature and perform it on a personal computer, and the results show that our scheme is efficient.
The behavior and welfare of neglected species: some examples from fish and mammals
Authors: Bukhari Syed S. U. H. , Parkes Rebecca S. V. , Sneddon Lynne U. , McElligott Alan G.
Published: March 2024

Animal welfare is the state of an animal’s body and mind and the level to which its requirements are satisfied. Animal welfare is affected by human decisions and actions. Numerous decisions concerning animals are driven by human desires to enhance their own lives, and some of these decisions may be influenced by self-interest or a strong emphasis on economic factors. How to assess the welfare state of animals is a central issue in animal welfare science. Two critical questions can be used to address animal welfare: first, is the animal healthy, and second, does the animal have what it needs? Both of these questions can potentially be answered using the study of animal behavior. The development of behavioral methodologies is crucial for evaluating welfare in contexts where concern for animal welfare is often highest, such as on intensive modern farms and sites where working animals are used. Herein, we discuss animal welfare by focusing on some of its major concepts and explanations. Later, to illustrate key aspects of animal welfare, we chose to examine the information that is available for some ‘neglected’ livestock species, which are commercially important on a global basis and found in large numbers: buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), camels (Camelus dromedarius), donkeys (Equus asinus), mules (Equus asinus × Equus caballus), and lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus). We chose these species because there are major ongoing concerns about their welfare, and more research is required to help solve the various problems. Overall, there are strong imbalances in terms of the species that are usually studied in terms of animal welfare research, and we call for greater attention to those that have traditionally been neglected.
Chondroid Lipoma: A Rare Variant of Lipoma
Authors: Paul Samadrita , Pachipulusu Balaji , Varsha VK , Chandra Poornima
Published: March 2024

Lipoma is a benign, growing tumour of mesenchymal origin composed of mature fat cells and adipocytes. They can occur in the subcutaneous layer or at intramuscular or intermuscular sites. Oral lipoma, a benign tumour of mesenchymal origin composed of mature adipocytes and usually surrounded by a thin fibrous connective tissue capsule, is rare and mostly found on the buccal mucosa and tongue. Hereby, the authors present a case of Chondroid Lipoma (CL), a very rare subtype of lipoma involving the ventral surface of the tongue in a 50-year-old female patient. The Chondroid Lipoma, a variant of lipoma, is extremely rare in the oral and maxillofacial region containing both embryonal fat and cartilage.
Repurchase Intentions of Money Remittance Centers’ Customers in SOCCSKSARGEN: A Structural Analysis
Authors: Carlos Maria Regina E. , Victor G. Quiambao, Jr.
Published: March 2024

The paper aimed to understand the drivers of commitment, aspects of commitment, trust, and repurchase intention of money remittance center customers on their choice of money remittance center in the selected cities of SOCCSKSARGEN. Data were gathered from 410 respondents throughout the four key cities in the SOCCSKSARGEN Region using purposive random sampling. A self-constructed questionnaire was utilized during the data gathering procedure. Using descriptive statistics, the research found that the respondents were mostly female, aged 20 to 29 years old. Employees and students comprised about eighty-five percent of the respondents. The majority were using their preferred money remittance for more than one year but less than three years, and about thirty-five percent were making a money remittance transaction once per month. The results of the regression and structural equation modeling were consistent in finding that only affective and calculative commitment had a significant influence on the repurchase intentions of customers in money remittance centers and that trust predicted all aspects of commitment. Economic, social, and resource drivers influenced customer commitment, which supported Lacey’s driver of commitment model. The results of SEM suggested the high influence of trust towards relationship quality building among money remittance center customers.
Influence of AI: Robotics in Healthcare
Authors: Ness Stephanie , Xuan Teo Rong , Oguntibeju Oluwatofunmi O.
Published: March 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics in healthcare has heralded a transformative era, offering unprecedented opportunities to enhance patient care, streamline processes, and augment medical professionals' capabilities. This review article examines the burgeoning influence of AI robotics in healthcare, encompassing various applications, benefits, challenges, and future prospects. We delve into the role of AI robotics across medical diagnosis, surgical interventions, rehabilitation, patient monitoring, and drug discovery. Additionally, we explore the ethical considerations, regulatory frameworks, and societal implications shaping the adoption and advancement of AI robotics in healthcare. By synthesizing current research and real-world implementations, this review elucidates the profound impact of AI robotics, paving the way for a revolutionized healthcare landscape.
Zinc Application Enhances Tuber Quality and Zinc Bioavailability in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the Tarai Region of Uttarakhand
Authors: Pandey Riya , Behera Swagat Ranjan , Shaili  , Pradhan Poonam Priyadarshini , Pradhan Sanhita Sankalini
Published: March 2024

As evident from plant and soil investigations, 49 per cent of Indian soils are deficient in zinc. This could affect the production and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) as the crop is moderately sensitive to zinc deficiency. Zinc is considered to be the most important micronutrient for potato and its reduced availability in the plant is the major constraint to obtaining good tuber quality. However, repeated practice of rice-wheat cropping system in the tarai region of Uttarakhand has led to zinc deficiency in the soil, and thereby, its availability in the tubers. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken at the Vegetable Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) during the rabi season of 2021-22 with the objective to enhance the quality of potato tubers, and at the same time, increase the bioavailability of zinc in the tubers. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design with twelve treatments and four replications. The results of the experiment revealed that foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 2 g L-1 at 25 and 50 days after planting recorded the highest dry matter content (20.73%), specific gravity (1.07 g cm-3) and starch content (17.10%) in the tubers. The zinc content in tubers (47.58 ppm) and zinc uptake by tubers (2.85 kg ha-1) were also found to be maximum in the same treatment combination. Hence, the same treatment combination can be recommended for getting better quality of potato tubers as well as increasing zinc bioavailability in potato under the tarai region of Uttarakhand.
The Chemistry of Thienopyridines
Authors: Litvinov V. P. , Dotsenko V. V. , Krivokolysko S. G.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enzyme‐responsive PARACEST MRI contrast agents: a new biomedical imaging approach for studies of the proteasome
Authors: Yoo Byunghee , Raam Manu S. , Rosenblum Rachel M. , Pagel Mark D.
Published: August 2007

Proteases are important biomarkers for many biological processes and are popular targets for therapeutics investigations. A protease can be detected by monitoring changes in the paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (PARACEST) effect of a MRI contrast agent that serves as a substrate for the protease. To translate this type of responsive PARACEST MRI contrast agent to in vivo applications, the sensitivity, timing, specificity and validation of the response of the agent must be evaluated. This report demonstrates that PARACEST MRI contrast agents can be used to detect nanomolar concentrations of proteases, can be designed to preferentially detect the protease caspase‐3 relative to caspase‐8, and can be detected within the 15 min time frame of typical MRI studies. The response can be validated using an unresponsive PARACEST MRI contrast agent as a control. A survey of the MEROPS database shows that this approach may also be applied to detect other proteases, and therefore may represent a new platform technology for studies of the proteasome. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic stability of the three‐dimensional axisymmetric Navier‐Stokes equations with swirl
Authors: Hou Thomas Y. , Li Congming
Published: August 2007

In this paper, we study the dynamic stability of the three‐dimensional axisymmetric Navier‐Stokes Equations with swirl. To this purpose, we propose a new one‐dimensional model that approximates the Navier‐Stokes equations along the symmetry axis. An important property of this one‐dimensional model is that one can construct from its solutions a family of exact solutions of the three‐dimensionaFinal Navier‐Stokes equations. The nonlinear structure of the one‐dimensional model has some very interesting properties. On one hand, it can lead to tremendous dynamic growth of the solution within a short time. On the other hand, it has a surprising dynamic depletion mechanism that prevents the solution from blowing up in finite time. By exploiting this special nonlinear structure, we prove the global regularity of the three‐dimensional Navier‐Stokes equations for a family of initial data, whose solutions can lead to large dynamic growth, but yet have global smooth solutions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of FoxC1 in early Xenopus development
Authors: Cha J.Y. , Birsoy B. , Kofron M. , Mahoney E. , Lang S. , Wylie C. , Heasman J.
Published: August 2007

FoxC1 is an important transcription factor in vertebrate development since its mutation in humans results in Axenfeld‐Rieger syndrome. In the mouse, disturbance of its function causes congenital hydrocephalus and abnormalities in the development of various mesodermal derivatives. In this report, we provide one mechanistic basis for the requirement for FoxC1 in vertebrate development. We find that, in Xenopus laevis embryos, FoxC1 expression is regulated by the maternal T‐box transcription factor VegT, via the nodal sub‐family of TGFβ signaling transducers. We show that at the late neurula to early tailbud stage, FoxC1 depletion causes the down‐regulation of adhesion molecules, EP and E cadherin, as well as members of the Ephrin/EphR signaling families in the mesoderm germ layer resulting in the loss of adhesion and apoptosis of mesodermal cells. Developmental Dynamics 236:2731–2741, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of adult intestinal epithelial stem cell development by thyroid hormone during Xenopus laevis metamorphosis
Authors: Ishizuya‐Oka Atsuko , Shi Yun‐Bo
Published: August 2007

During amphibian metamorphosis, most or all of the larval intestinal epithelial cells undergo apoptosis. In contrast, stem cells of yet‐unknown origin actively proliferate and, under the influence of the connective tissue, differentiate into the adult epithelium analogous to the mammalian counterpart. Thus, amphibian intestinal remodeling is useful for studying the stem cell niche, the clarification of which is urgently needed for regenerative therapies. This review highlights the molecular aspects of the niche using the Xenopus laevis intestine as a model. Because amphibian metamorphosis is completely controlled by thyroid hormone (TH), the analysis of TH response genes serves as a powerful means for clarifying its molecular mechanisms. Although functional analysis of the genes is still on the way, recent progresses in organ culture and transgenic studies have gradually uncovered important roles of cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix interactions through stromelysin‐3 and sonic hedgehog/bone morphogenetic protein‐4 signaling pathway in the epithelial stem cell development. Developmental Dynamics 236:3358–3368, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Insights from sharks: Evolutionary and developmental models of fin development
Authors: Cole Nicholas J. , Currie Peter D.
Published: August 2007

A Brown‐banded Catshark (Chiloscyllium punctatum) embryo removed from its egg casing. Total length 61 mm. See Cole et al., Developmental Dynamics 236:2421‐2431.
Influence of Environmental Variables on Stream Caddis Larvae in Three Slovenian Ecoregions: Alps, Dinaric Western Balkans and Pannonian Lowland
Authors: Urbanič Gorazd , Toman Mihael J.
Published: August 2007

Identification of the environmental variables that influence caddis larvae was performed on 504 samples collected at 94 sites within the three ecoregions of Slovenia; the Alps, the Dinaric western Balkans and the Pannonian lowland. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was performed to find sig‐nificantly influential variables and compare their absolute and relative importance in structuring caddisfly assemblages in the different ecoregions. Altogether, 234 variables were considered. According to their type of influence on organisms, variables were classified as indirectly influential variables (e.g., altitude), and directly influential variables or ecological factors (e.g., temperature). Caddis larvae responses were characterized as log abundances of 132 taxa, of which 126 were identified at the species level. The absolute and relative influences of the same environmental variable were found to be different in the selected ecoregions. Of the ecological factors, temperature (maximum and range) was found to be the most important in both mountainous ecoregions (Alps and Dinaric western Balkans). In the Pannonian lowland ecoregion, periodicity was the most influential factor. Of the indirectly influential variables, those that were good predictors of caddis larvae assemblages in the mountainous ecoregions were relatively unimportant in the Pannonian lowland ecoregion. Differences among ecoregions were also found in the cumulative explained variation in the caddisfly distribution, which was the highest in the Alps and the lowest in the Pannonian lowland. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Food Habits of Four Bottom‐Dwelling Gobiid Species at the Confluence of the Danube and Hron Rivers (South Slovakia)
Authors: Adámek Zdeněk , Andreji Jaroslav , Gallardo José Martín
Published: August 2007

Since 1997, three newNeogobiusspecies (Neogobius kessleri,N. fluviatilisandN. melanostomus) have been regularly recorded in the Slovak part of the Danube River, formerly inhabited only by one native gobiid species (Proterorhinus marmoratus). The study of their food habits proved that the amphipodCorophium curvispinum,chironomid larvae and pupae, caddis fly larvae (Hydropsychesp.) and mayfly nymphs (Ephoron virgo,Potamanthus luteus) were the most important food items contributing to the similarity of the diets of the gobiid species. Fish (0+Zingel zingelandSander lucioperca) appeared in the diet ofN. kesslerionly. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Energy Basis of the Consumer Community in Streams Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow …
Authors: Leichtfried Maria
Published: August 2007

Organic matter is the basic source of energy for consumers in ecosystems. In lotic ecosystems, most of the organic matter is allochthonous, imported as bank runoff or as aerial drift. Bank runoff is already processed soil material, particulate or dissolved. Unprocessed plant litter represents the aerial drift. The energy content of unprocessed organic matter is not readily available to consumers; it has to be processed by the microbial community. Microorganisms are most active in biofilms, comprised of fungi, bacteria, protozoa etc., and their organic excretions attached to surfaces. The colonizable surface area in sediments is negatively correlated with the grain size. Therefore, the largest amounts of organic matter are likely to occur in small grain size classes, which shows that biofilms are an important component of the organic matter pool. Most of the meiobenthic species, which play also a very important role in these processes, are closely connected to biofilms. These and their associated communities are doubtless an important food source for benthic consumers. The main energy pathway passes from organic matter (either particulate or dissolved) to the microbial community in biofilms, which transforms the organic matter and makes it available and palatable to benthic consumers. Wherever the benthic community is living, either in bed sediments or on macrophytic surfaces, the energy stored in biofilms or their associated communities is mostly used. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Assessment of the Ecological Status of Streams in Two Carpathian Subregions
Authors: Krno Il'ja , Šporka Ferdinand , Pastuchová Zuzana , Derka Tomáš , Čiamporová‐Zaťovičová Zuzana , Bulánková Eva , Hamerlík Ladislav , Illéšová Daniela
Published: August 2007

A multimetric assessment system was developed to determine the ecological status of two types of stream in the Carpathian ecoregion following the requirements of the WFD. The organic pollution gradient was defined using Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Classification based on physical, chemical and biological data divided the tested sites into two stream types with subsequent grouping into several ecological quality classes. From all the metrics tested, 17 for the East Carpathian streams and 15 for the West Carpathian streams, from seven metric categories, were included in the resulting multimetric index. Different kinds of response to degradation (linear, unimodal, exponential) were observed. The Saprobic index (Zelinka and Marvan), Rheoindex (Banning, with abundance classes) and Index of Biocenotic region, showed the best discriminatory ability for both stream types. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A ring filter switch for a low loss wideband and very sharp bandstop filter
Authors: Ahn Hee‐Ran , Kim Bumman
Published: August 2007

A ring‐filter switch is suggested for a low loss wideband filter with on‐state and very sharp bandstop filter with off‐state. It consists of a ring filter and a switching diode. The ring filter is a wideband filter but a band‐stop filter with a certain condition. The fact can be used as a switch. To verify it, a microstrip ring‐filter switch is fabricated and measured at a center frequency of 3 GHz. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2828–2830, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22828
Left‐handed behavior in a microstrip line loaded with squared split‐ring resonators and an EBG pattern
Authors: Navarro‐Cía M. , Falcone F. , Beruete M. , Arnedo I. , Illescas J. , Marcotegui A. , Laso M.A.G. , Lopetegi T.
Published: August 2007

Combining an electromagnetic band‐gap structure (EBG) and squared split‐ring resonators (SSRRs) in a planar microstrip line circuit, negative values of electric permittivity and magnetic permeability can be obtained. This phenomenon arises thanks to the negative permeability of the SSRR particles when they operate in the vicinity of their quasi‐static resonance frequency, and the negative permittivity due to the behavior of the EBG structure within the rejected frequency band. Therefore, a novel approach is presented in this article to synthesize a left‐handed media in microstrip technology. Full wave simulation results as well as measurement results from a fabricated prototype confirm the left‐handed behavior of the interaction. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2689–2692, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22841
A coplanar waveguide fed monopole ultra‐wideband antenna having band‐notched frequency function by two folded‐striplines
Authors: Lee Sang‐Ho , Baik Jung‐Woo , Kim Young‐Sik
Published: August 2007

A compact coplanar waveguide fed monopole ultra‐wideband antenna having a frequency‐notch function is proposed. The notched frequency band can be achieved by including the two L‐shape striplines in the bottom of the substrate. The designed antenna has a notch band of 5.10–6.25 GHz while 10 dB return loss is ranged from 3.04 to 12.0 GHz. The measured return loss, radiation patterns, and gains are presented. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2747–2750, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22852
Synthesis of polystyrene brush on multiwalled carbon nanotubes treated with KMnO4 in the presence of a phase‐transfer catalyst
Authors: Kim Myunghun , Hong Chang Kook , Choe Soona , Shim Sang Eun
Published: August 2007

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were effectively functionalized with KMnO4 in the presence of a phase‐transfer catalyst at room temperature. The hydroxyl functionalized MWNTs were reacted with a vinyl‐group carrying silane‐coupling agent and the terminal vinyl groups were used to fabricate polystyrene (PS) brushes by solution polymerization. Finally, PS‐encapsulated MWNTs were obtained. The synthesis results were verified from FT‐Raman, thermal gravimetric analysis, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, and transmission electron microscope. PS‐encapsulated MWNTs had much improved dispersion stability in hydrophobic medium, toluene since grafted hydrophobic PS interacts with media and has improved compatibility. This functionalization technique would provide a facile route to prepare various polymer brushes on the surface of MWNTs to improve the dispersion of MWNTs for potential applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4413–4420, 2007
New conjugated polymers comprising ortho‐phenylazonaphthols: Synthesis and chromogenic behaviors
Authors: Choi Moon Soo , Lee Jung Hyo , Kim Dong Wook , Lee Taek Seung
Published: August 2007

A new series of poly(ortho‐phenylazonaphthol) derivatives linked with a phenylene or fluorene repeat unit was synthesized using the Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction and characterized. The synthesized polymers can be categorized by their structures, with a free hydroxyl group and with a t‐Boc‐blocked hydroxyl group, which exhibited completely different UV‐vis absorption properties according to the allowed or forbidden tautomerism. In both cases, a pronounced color change to deep violet (bathochromic shift) was induced upon exposure to fluoride anion, presumably because of electron transfer between the hydroxyl group and the fluoride anion. Interestingly, the chromogenic pattern could be produced directly by UV irradiation through a photomask on the flexible nanofiber web electrospun from poly(methyl methacrylate) blended with t‐Boc‐protected Polymer 8 and photoinduced acid generator. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4430–4440, 2007
Synthesis and chiroptical properties of optically active poly(ethynylcarbazole) derivatives: Substituent effect on the helix formation
Authors: Sanda Fumio , Kawasaki Ritsuya , Shiotsuki Masashi , Masuda Toshio
Published: August 2007

Novel chiral acetylene monomers containing carbazole, 2‐ethynyl‐9‐[(S)‐2‐methylbutoxycarbonyl]carbazole (1), 3‐ethynyl‐9‐[(S)‐2‐methylbutoxycarbonyl]carbazole (2), 2‐ethynyl‐9‐[(S)‐2‐methylbutyl]carbazole (3), and 2‐ethynyl‐9‐[(S)‐4‐methylhexyl]carbazole (4) were synthesized and polymerized with [(nbd)RhCl]2Et3N. The corresponding polyacetylenes with number‐average molecular weights ranging from 68,700 to 310,000 were obtained in good yields. Poly(1) exhibited a large specific rotation and an intense Cotton effect in toluene, indicating that it formed a helix with predominantly one‐handed screw sense, while the other three polymers showed no evidence for taking a helical structure. Poly(1) largely decreased the CD intensity upon heating from −10 to 60 °C. Poly(1) showed a Cotton effect in film state in a manner similar to solution state. No chiral amplification was observed in the copolymerization of 1 with achiral 2‐ethynyl‐9‐tert‐butoxycarbonylcarbazole (5). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4450–4458, 2007
Living cationic ring‐opening polymerization of five‐membered cyclic dithiocarbonate controlled by neighboring group participation of carbamate group
Authors: Motokucho Suguru , Sudo Atsushi , Endo Takeshi
Published: August 2007

A five‐membered cyclic dithiocarbonate having phenylcarbamate moiety 1 underwent cationic ring‐opening polymerization by using methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate as an initiator in nitrobenzene at 60 °C. Both of the corresponding first‐order kinetic plot and conversion‐molecular weight plot showed linearity to suggest the living fashion of the polymerization, which was then supported by two‐stage polymerization experiment. The living fashion as well as the regioselective formation of the repeating unit suggested significant contribution of the neighboring group participation of the carbamate group to form a stabilized cationic propagating end, of which structure was confirmed by performing an equimolar reaction of 1 and methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate with analyzing the resulting species by NMR spectroscopy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4459–4464, 2007
Hyperbranched luminescent polyfluorenes containing aromatic triazole branching units
Authors: Tsai Lin‐Ren , Chen Yun
Published: August 2007

Using a new aromatic 1,2,4‐triazole branching monomer (4.8–13.3 mol %), three hyperbranched polyfluorenes (P2–P4) were synthesized by the Suzuki coupling reaction to investigate the structural effect on optoelectronic properties. Poly(9,9‐dihexylfluorene) (P1) was also prepared for comparative investigation. Their weight‐average molecular weights and polydispersity indices are in the range of 1.16 × 104 to 5.9 × 104 and 1.49–2.25, respectively. Optical properties, both in solution and film state, were investigated using absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. In film state, the absorption and PL spectra peaked at 377–392 and 424–425 nm, respectively, blue‐shift with increasing triazole concentration. Furthermore, a linear relationship between 1/λmax,abs and 1/(1 − ntriazole) is correlated (n: molar fraction), indicating a smooth decrease in conjugation length by incorporation of the branch unit. The P4 containing 13.3 mol % triazole reveals stable blue emission even at 150 °C (in air). The HOMO and LUMO levels of P2–P4, estimated from cyclic voltammograms, are −5.69, −5.73, −5.78 eV and −2.63, −2.64, −2.63 eV, respectively. The maximal brightness (current efficiency) of the electroluminescent devices (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P2–P4/Ca/Al) improves from 828 cd/m2 (0.19 cd/A) to 2054 cd/m2 (0.46 cd/A) with increasing triazole concentration. The results suggest that incorporation of aromatic 1,2,4‐triazole branch units is an effective way to improve annealing stability and EL performance of polyfluorenes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4465–4476, 2007
Air Current Segregation of Alumina Powder
Authors: Zigan Stefan , Thorpe Rex B. , Tuzun Ugur , Enstad Gisle G.
Published: August 2007

This paper outlines the industrial problem of air current segregation in alumina storage silos which occurs with the handling of the feedstock alumina in aluminium plants and investigates the parameters that affect the severity of the segregation. Bates [1] stated that the feeding rate influences segregation which we can confirm with own experimental findings. Higher powder flow rates tend to reduce air current segregation. Cooper et al. [2] pointed out that the air extraction rate affects the content of fine particles (dust) in the circulating air currents and we confirm his finding. The importance of the effect of different feeding rates on air current segregation was discovered in a two dimensional apparatus. The investigation of the influence of air extraction rate was realised in a cylindrical silo. Both experiments show a strong relationship between the strength of the particle‐air flow in the silo and air current segregation. It is found that an increase of the powder feeding rate or the air extraction rate reduces air current segregation in the experimental equipment. The aim of our experiments was to find all significant parameters and to apply dimensional analysis to develop a method which scales the findings from small scale experiments to large industrial alumina silos. Five dimensionless groups were obtained, which is unwieldy. To reduce the number of dimensionless groups, physical properties were lumped into the terminal velocity. This simplified approach gives three dimensionless groups. Experiments in a water model and an air model justify more research using this simplified scaling method.
Solubility of linoleic acid in aqueous solutions and its reaction with water
Authors: Mabrouk Ahmed Fahmy , Dugan L. R.
Published: August 2007

In a study of stable emulsions of linoleic acid in 0.1M‐KH2PO4/Na2HPO4 buffer solutions prepared by sonic vibrations, the influence of linoleic acid on pH was manifested in buffer solutions of pH 8.00 and decreased gradually till it became negligible in pH 4.50. This change in pH values was due to differences in solubility of linoleic acid in the buffer solutions.

Ultraviolet spectra of soluble linoleic acid in buffer solutions indicated the presence of conjugated dienes, which increased with the increasing of the pH of the system.

Unbuffered aqueous emulsions of linoleic acid had a pH value which ranged between 4.69 and 5.10. Saturated aqueous solutions, obtained by high‐speed centrifugation, had concentrations of 15.80 to 16.00 mg. linoleic acid per 100 ml. of D.I. water.

From the solubility data and conductivity values of linoleic acid the apparent classic and thermodynamic ionization constants were calculated to be 6.974±0.023×10−6 and 6.905±0.017×10−6 at 0.7°C. and 1.730±0.009×10−5 and 1.689±0.007×10−5 at 25°C., respectively.

The result of the chemical interaction of linoleic acid and water is a saturated hydroxy fatty acid. This acid gave a positive test for glycol groups with periodic acid oxidation test and appeared to be a tetrahydroxy compound with the exact structure unknown.
Hexitol and sucrose esters of α‐sulfo fatty acids
Authors: Bistline R. G. , Smith F. D. , Well J. K. , Stirton A. J.
Published: August 2007

Use of the α‐sulfo acid, the acid chloride and the methyl ester was explored in the preparation of mannitol, sorbitol and sucrose esters of α‐sulfopalmitic and α‐sulfostearic acids. The products were difficult to purify because of solubilization of reactants. The α‐sulfo esters are more soluble and more resistant to hydrolysis than hexitol and sucrose palmitates and stearates.
Nomographs for calculating the fatty acid composition of oils and fats from iodine and thiocyanogen values
Authors: Hussain S. A. , Dollear F. G.
Published: August 2007

The construction and use of nomographic charts for the calculation of the glyceride compositions of oils and fats have been described. Equations adopted by the American Oil Chemists' Society relating the glyceride composition with the iodine and thiocyanogen values of an oil were used for constructing the nomographs. The glyceride compositions of different oils calculated from the nomographs were found to agree reasonably well with those obtained by calculation from the equations.
The effect of primary antioxidants and synergists on the activity of plant extracts in lard
Authors: Banias C. , Oreopoulou V. , Thomopoulos C. D.
Published: August 2007

The antioxidant activities of combinations of plant extracts and primary antioxidants or citric acid were studied in lard stored at 75°C. Methanol extracts of oregano, thyme, marjoram, dittany, rosemary and sage were used. When combined with butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene or ascorbyl palmitate the extracts showed an additive antioxidant effect, while combinations with propyl gallate did not increase the induction period obtained by the phenolic antioxidant. Negative synergism was observed when the plant extracts were mixed with DL‐α‐tocopherol. Citric acid showed a high synergistic efficiency with marjoram extract and a minor one with thyme extract, but it had a negative effect with all the others. Ternary mixtures of the plant extracts with citric acid and ascorbyl palmitate had lower activity than the corresponding dual combinations with ascorbyl palmitate, except for the mixture of marjoram extract.
Atorvastatin Decreases Triacylglycerol‐Associated Risk of Vascular Events in Coronary Heart Disease Patients
Authors: Athyros Vasilios G. , Kakafika Anna I. , Papageorgiou Athanasios A. , Tziomalos Konstantinos , Skaperdas Athanasios , Pagourelias Efstathios , Pirpasopoulou Athina , Karagiannis Asterios , Mikhailidis Dimitri P. ,   The GREACE Study Collaborative Group
Published: August 2007

High triacylglycerol (TAG) levels may predict vascular risk. The effect of a statin‐induced reduction in TAG levels, irrespective of HDL‐C increase, on clinical outcome has not yet been addressed by an endpoint study in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The GREACE study compared usual with structured care aimed at achieving LDL‐C = 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L) by dose titration with atorvastatin. All patients had CHD and were followed for 3 years. This post hoc analysis of GREACE examines the effect of statins on TAG levels and their relation with cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in all patients and in the subgroup of patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Baseline TAG levels >150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L) were predictive of subsequent CVD events [cardiac mortality, non‐fatal myocardial infarction (MI), unstable angina (UA), revascularisation, congestive heart failure (CHF), and stroke] only in statin untreated patients. Stepwise regression analysis showed that with every 20% statin‐related TAG reduction there was a decrease in CVD risk by 12% (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.75–0.95, P = 0.007) in the structured care group vs. the usual care group, by 8% (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.81–0.97, P = 0.02) in all statin treated patients vs. the untreated ones and by 15% (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.65–0.94, P = 0.005) in those with MetS treated with a statin vs. those untreated. Using the same analysis but only taking into consideration vascular events (cardiac mortality, non‐fatal MI, UA, revascularisation, and stroke) there was a 18% (HR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.57–0.96, P = 0.03) decrease in risk in the MetS (+) patients treated with a statin vs. those not on a statin, and a decrease in risk by 16% (HR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.53–1.07, P = 0.08), when only hard vascular endpoints (cardiac mortality, non‐fatal MI, and stroke) were considered. TAG levels are predictive of subsequent CVD events in statin untreated CHD patients. Statin (mainly atorvastatin)‐induced decrease in TAG levels was related to a significant reduction in subsequent CVD events. This benefit was more pronounced in CHD MetS (+) patients.
Column Fractionation of Canola Oil Deodorizer Distillate Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Güçlü‐Üstündağ Özlem , Temelli Feral
Published: August 2007

Semi‐continuous column fractionation of canola oil deodorizer distillate using supercritical CO2 (SCCO2) was carried out to determine the feasibility of value‐added processing of this feed material for the recovery of bioactive components such as sterols and tocopherols and to determine the effect of operating conditions [pressure (20, 25 MPa using a temperature gradient of 70–100 °C), temperature (70, 100 °C) and a linear temperature gradient (70–100 °C at 25 MPa)] on extract yield and separation efficiency. Total extract yield increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with pressure, whereas at isobaric conditions (25 MPa) the highest yield was obtained at the lowest temperature tested (70 °C). Fractionation efficiency was reflected in the composition of fractions and was affected by operating conditions. Residue composition was determined by extract yield in addition to selectivity. Use of the thermal gradient (70–100 °C) decreased the content of volatiles, free fatty acids and tocopherols while increasing sterol content significantly (p ≤ 0.05) to a level of 40% (GC area %) in the residue obtained at 25 MPa. The findings indicate the potential of canola oil deodorizer distillate as a source of sterols and warrant further research on the countercurrent column fractionation to improve the separation efficiency.