bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Basic formation of environmental education in the scientific word (based on the terminology of environmental science)
Authors: Nikolenko Оlga , Drozdova Yulia , Voronova Tatyana
Published: April 2023

Key historical facts in the formation of the conceptual apparatus of the natural and human sciences from early times to the present are subjected to linguistic analysis in this article, and the idea is confirmed that many terms directly contain a decoding semantic element, and proper names lay the foundations for the behavior and worldview of their carrier , indicate the clan affiliation of the first stage and “refer” to the deeper origins of the clan, and together serve as a folk identification, reflecting cultural and religious trends that carry Vedic knowledge to subsequent generations. In the narrow linguistic aspect, the work pays attention to the structural and semantic analysis of Russian terminological and personal names, in particular, the etymology of surnames with the suffixes -ov- (-ev-), -yn- (in-) was presented, the differences in their declension were revealed and structural and semantic features in functioning were described. In the course of the study, the authors prove the genitive linking of the indicated lexemes to nature and its ecology as the primary source of the origin of all living things, explain the close relationship between language and culture, which are formed under the influence of the environment.
Biotesting as a modern assessment method of the aquatic environment Biofloc quality
Authors: Baiduk Elena , Popova Sofia , Karaseva Alexandra , Iarontovskii Vasilii , Neidorf Anna , Tkacheva Irina
Published: April 2023

Studies were conducted to determine the biofloc media toxicity degree to hydrobionts by biotesting. Environment variability in which biocenosis biofloc is formed can cause optimal C/N ratio values violations in a closed water system, which is considered a critical factor affecting the formation rate of microbial communities and species ratio in them. Test objects use in this study showed no toxic effects on the bioindicator in the environment created by the bacterial communities that make up the Biofloc system. Of course, the data obtained cannot be considered exhaustive, but it should be noted that aquatic plant use as a bioindicator provides new opportunities for developing biofloc systems potential. The BFT-systems principle is to stimulate the natural growth of macroaggregate flocs, enhance culture water self-nitrification. A prerequisite for the flocs’ functioning as a biofilter analogue, along with supporting them in suspension, is the presence of an easily digestible organic carbon source, as the cultures of bacterial microorganisms in the base of flocs are heterotrophic.
Small business as a factor of sustainable development of rural areas of the regions of Russia on the example of social service enterprises
Authors: Osipova Yulia , Kazmina Lyudmila
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of small business, contributing to the sustainable development of rural areas in the regions of Russia. The paper presents modern statistical data, on the basis of which we can talk about the active and dynamic growth of small business in many countries of the world, which may be one of the fundamental factors in the formation of economic systems, both in individual regions and in the states as a whole. The territorial specialization of small business has been determined as an addition to the “big” economy, which has formed a relatively holistic, complex structure of the economy of regions and municipalities, cities and rural areas. The article offers a general overview of registered small businesses in our country and is revealed. that traditionally the maximum number of them falls on the sphere of trade and public catering, which is primarily due to the relatively low start-up costs for these types of business and the relatively fast turnover of capital. Naturally, the largest number of them is concentrated in the largest regions of Russia with a relatively high level of socio-economic development. Nevertheless, global urbanization has an active influence on the development of small business in rural areas of the regions of Russia. Particular attention in the development of small business in rural areas is paid to the provision of services; the Rostov region is considered as an example of active development.
First case report of Pseudomonas Luteola isolated from urinary tract infection in Babylon City, Iraq
Authors: Ali Mariam Ahmed , Aljanaby Ahmed Abduljabbar Jaloob
Published: April 2023

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in both men and women. They are caused by bacteria that get into the urinary tract through the urethra (the tube going from the penis to the bladder) or, in rare cases, the ureters (tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder). Risk factors for developing a UTI include having a catheter inserted to drain the bladder or a surgical wound on the urinary system. Pseudomonas luteola (P.luteola) is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium considered ecologically problematic and can cause pneumonia and urinary tract infections in humans. It is a common cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia and accounts for around 20% of all such cases. P. luteola causes fever, tachycardia, and other signs of infection, but some of these symptoms may be present for many weeks before the symptoms ofinfection are clear. According to our knowledge, this is the first detection in January 2023, of P. luteola in Iraq, Babylon City from a 51-year-old woman with chronic urinary tract infections and kidney failure (dialysis).
The pandemic period in Russia: overcoming the problems of the rapid transition to distance learning in the system of higher education
Authors: Karzaeva Natalia , Karanina Elena , Kotandzhyan Asya
Published: April 2023

The article tests the hypothesis about the need to change the methodology concept for training economists in the higher education system when switching to distance learning. The authors use the empirical method of students and teachers’ survey in Russian universities, statistical methods for processing results, and an analysis of research results published by Russian scientists on the effectiveness of distance learning. The lack of proposals from specialists and scientists to overcome the problems of distance learning predetermine the need for this research. The authors divide problems into four groups: software-technical, socio-psychological, organizational and methodological. The analysis of systematized problems made it possible to propose a transition to an active interaction between a teacher and a student, which is of theoretical importance. Implementing this concept contribute to the restoration of social communication in the educational environment, creation of methodological support in the conditions of distance learning. It is of great practical importance for organizing the distance educational process. Keywords: higher education, distance learning, problems, socio-psychological, organizational, methodological.
Some theoretical and practical aspects of the banking credit contract exercise in the republic of Moldova and the Russian Federation
Authors: Kalin Vitaliy
Published: April 2023

The article presents the main aspects of the banking credit contract exercise in Moldova and Russia. Author highlights the importance of the regulation of credit law, including the regulation of bank lending, drawing on the experience of countries that have incorporated such legal structures into national legislation, doctrinal findings and challenges and expectations of modern economic processes.
Digital transformation of logistics processes in the transport system - basic trend of the modern world economy
Authors: Nikiforov Oleg , Levkin Grigory , Simak Roman
Published: April 2023

The article reveals the main directions of digital transformation of business processes in the logistics activities of transport enterprises to improve information exchange between production, wholesale and retail trading enterprises. The competitive advantages of transport enterprises when using specialized transport management information systems have been identified. We studied the current software used in the logistics activities of domestic enterprises, presented types of information systems in the functional areas of logistics and technologies (WMS, SaaS, ERP, CRM, TMS, SCM), presented the industry distribution of transport management information systems, including those implemented in the format of software as a service (SaaS). The distinctive features of the automation of quantitative accounting operations and the controll of logistics operations using innovative software - the Jupiter VBA framework, developed with the participation of the authors, are taken into account, which is a platform solution for the digital transformation of logistics business processes and includes more than 30 modules and about 800 functional blocks (procedures, functions, class elements, etc.). On the basis of Jupiter, more than two dozen projects have already been implemented, including the free Assistant program, popular in the university environment. A description of the characteristics of two software products developed on the Jupiter platform - AWS Forwarder and AIS Logistics is presented, functional characteristics of these software products are presented. A mathematical model of the formation of logistics costs for freight forwarding services in the field of commodity circulation is presented.
Transformation enterprise architecture method for company’s sustainable development
Authors: Petrov Igor , Zemtsov Maxim , Malysheva Natalya , Beliakov Sergei
Published: April 2023

In the last decade, the scientific field of enterprise architecture has been formed and is actively developing. The study of enterprise architecture has become an important research task. In the article the authors managed to trace the connection between the architecture of the enterprise and the management of the social system. To consider the personnel as a part of the architectural approach. To apply typological analysis and personnel construction method to the architectural framework. Many organizations have ongoing challenges and are in constant search of synchronization of business goals and objectives and their information system development processes. Enterprise architecture is used to solve these problems. These problems reflect the need for research and change in the methods of management of social systems in the organization.
Development of foreign joint educational programs in the higher education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Nizamov Aslitdin , Gaybullaev Farhod , Zahidova Umida
Published: April 2023

The article examines the experience of developing and implementing relatively new for higher education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan foreign joint educational programs. The factors contributing to their development, the problems arising during the implementation of programs are determined, and indicators characterizing their general trend are studied. As a result of studying the Geographical distribution of joint educational programs, implemented by higher education institutions of Uzbekistan with foreign partners, share of joint programs organized by specialties, of the geography of the countries that have established joint educational programs with Uzbekistan, the influence of the Uzbek mentality on the success of the implementation of programs are provided scientifically grounded proposals and recommendations for the development of joint educational programs with foreign universities.
The role of corruption in consumer culture
Authors: Sergushina Elena , Kabanov Oleg , Ustyuzhina Alena , Saradzheva Olga , Sudakova Olga , Vladimirov Sergey
Published: April 2023

This article examines the role of corruption in consumer culture. The concept of ”corruption” and its relationship between cultural characteristics and macroeconomic indicators are considered. The relevance of this topic is due to the extremely high degree of its public danger. Keywords: corruption, culture, organization, bribery, collective, development, consumption, indicators.
The black market of personal data: financial, legal and social aspects
Authors: Sergushina Elena , Kabanov Oleg , Egorov Andrei , Pomazanov Vitaliy , Pluzhnikova Natalya , Savchenko Pavel
Published: April 2023

This article touches on the topic of the black market of personal data. The concept of the ”black market of personal data” and the description of its financial, legal and social aspects are considered. The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that offers on the black market have not only not decreased, on the contrary, their number has visibly increased. This article describes the basic rules for the security of personal data storage. Keywords: black market, personal data, user, messenger, darknet, information, database.
Study the attitude of teachers and students toward online classes at technical university
Authors: Leontev Mikhail
Published: April 2023

This study is aimed at studying the attitude of university teachers and students to online classes. The opinion of students about the implementation of online courses, their usefulness and support from teachers in online classes, as well as the opinions of teachers about the usefulness of online courses, about teaching methods and practice, education process were studied. The results showed that students generally felt positive in online classes, received sufficient support from tutors, but they did not believe that online classes would replace traditional face-to-face education. Educators have often experienced difficulty due to a lack of proper training for delivering online classes. Technical issues are a major concern for the effectiveness of online classes. The majority of respondents have a positive attitude towards the digitalization of education, highly appreciate the importance of digital literacy of participants in the educational process. Students associate the advantages and disadvantages of digitalization of education with their own experience of online learning during the pandemic. Keywords: Online Education, Online Tools, Online Course, Digitalization.
The impact of service maintenance on the quality indicator of manufactured products
Authors: Yekimov Sergey , Ortikov Akhmadjon , Egorushkina Tatiana , Belyaev Vladislav , Boroukhin Dmitrii , Shchebeteev Valerii
Published: April 2023

To create conditions that ensure the competitiveness and high quality of products, an industrial enterprise should have a system for managing the quality of products. This should include product quality management at all stages of the production cycle. Product quality management should be comprehensive, involving the use of organizational, economic and technical measures. A comprehensive quality management system at an enterprise should be based on the quality standards adopted at that enterprise. The evaluation of the quality of the products produced from the point of view of its buyer is subjective and depends on the usefulness of this product to a particular consumer. It is advisable for an enterprise to track consumer preferences in order to make its products better from the point of view of customers. After-sales service is an important element in the way of promoting products on the market. The organization of effective service requires the coordination of technical, marketing and commercial activities, taking into account consumer preferences.
The effect of point-of-care ultrasound on length of stay and mortality in patients with chest pain/dyspnea
Authors: Huang Chien-Tai , Chang Chih-Heng , Chen Jia-Yu , Ling Dean-An , Lee An-Fu , Wang Pei-Hsiu , Wu Chien-Kai , Ko Ying-Chih , Hsiao Yu-Tse , Lien Wan-Ching , Chang Wei-Tien , Huang Chien-Hua
Published: April 2023

Purpose This study aims to investigate the effects of point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) on length of stay (LOS) and mortality in hemodynamically stable patients with chest pain/dyspnea.

Materials and Methods The prospective study was conducted from June 2020 to May 2021. A convenience sample of adult non-traumatic patients with chest pain/dyspnea was included and evaluated by PoCUS. The primary outcome was the relationship between the door-to-PoCUS time and LOS/mortality categorized by the ST-segment elevation (STE) and non-STE on the initial electrocardiogram. The diagnostic accuracy of PoCUS was computed, compared to the final diagnosis.

Results A total of 465 patients were included. 3 of 18 patients with STE had unexpected cardiac tamponade and 1 had myocarditis with pulmonary edema. PoCUS had a minimal effect on LOS and mortality in patients with STE. In the non-STE group, the shorter door-to-PoCUS time was associated with a shorter LOS (coefficient, 1.26±0.47, p=0.008). After categorizing the timing of PoCUS as 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes, PoCUS had a positive effect, especially when performed within 90 minutes of arrival, on LOS of less than 360 minutes (OR, 2.42, 95% CI, 1.61–3.64) and patient survival (OR, 3.32, 95% CI, 1.14–9.71). The overall diagnostic performance of PoCUS was 96.6% (95% CI, 94.9–98.2%), but lower efficacy occurred in pulmonary embolism and myocardial infarction.

Conclusion The use of PoCUS was associated with a shorter LOS and less mortality in patients with non-STE, especially when performed within 90 minutes of arrival. Although the effect on patients with STE was minimal, PoCUS played a role in discovering unexpected diagnoses.
Intra- and Interobserver Study Investigating the Adapted EFSUMB Bosniak Cyst Categorization Proposed for Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in 2020
Authors: Münch Frederic , Silivasan Emanuel Ioan Eugen , Spiesecke Paul , Göhler Friedemann , Galbavy Zaza , Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Hamm Bernd , Fischer Thomas , Lerchbaumer Markus Herbert
Published: April 2023

Background To investigate the inter- and intraobserver variability in comparison to an expert gold standard of the new and modified renal cyst Bosniak classification proposed for contrast-enhanced ultrasound findings (CEUS) by the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) in 2020.

Materials and Methods 84 CEUS examinations for the evaluation of renal cysts were evaluated retrospectively by six readers with different levels of ultrasound expertise using the modified Bosniak classification proposed for CEUS. All cases were anonymized, and each case was rated twice in randomized order. The consensus reading of two experts served as the gold standard, to which all other readers were compared. Statistical analysis was performed using Cohen’s weighted kappa tests, where appropriate.

Results Intraobserver variability showed substantial to almost perfect agreement (lowest kappa κ=0.74; highest kappa κ=0.94), with expert level observers achieving the best results. Comparison to the gold standard was almost perfect for experts (highest kappa κ=0.95) and lower for beginner and intermediate level readers still achieving mostly substantial agreement (lowest kappa κ=0.59). Confidence of rating was highest for Bosniak classes I and IV and lowest for classes IIF and III.

Conclusion Categorization of cystic renal lesions based on the Bosniak classification proposed by the EFSUMB in 2020 showed very good reproducibility. While even less experienced observers achieved mostly substantial agreement, training remains a major factor for better diagnostic performance.
Neutrophils infiltrate sensory ganglia and mediate chronic widespread pain in fibromyalgia
Authors: Caxaria Sara , Bharde Sabah , Fuller Alice M. , Evans Romy , Thomas Bethan , Celik Petek , Dell’Accio Francesco , Yona Simon , Gilroy Derek , Voisin Mathieu-Benoit , Wood John N. , Sikandar Shafaq
Published: April 2023

Fibromyalgia is a debilitating widespread chronic pain syndrome that occurs in 2 to 4% of the population. The prevailing view that fibromyalgia results from central nervous system dysfunction has recently been challenged with data showing changes in peripheral nervous system activity. Using a mouse model of chronic widespread pain through hyperalgesic priming of muscle, we show that neutrophils invade sensory ganglia and confer mechanical hypersensitivity on recipient mice, while adoptive transfer of immunoglobulin, serum, lymphocytes, or monocytes has no effect on pain behavior. Neutrophil depletion abolishes the establishment of chronic widespread pain in mice. Neutrophils from patients with fibromyalgia also confer pain on mice. A link between neutrophil-derived mediators and peripheral nerve sensitization is already established. Our observations suggest approaches for targeting fibromyalgia pain via mechanisms that cause altered neutrophil activity and interactions with sensory neurons.
Mapping the timescale of suicidal thinking
Authors: Coppersmith Daniel D.L. , Ryan Oisín , Fortgang Rebecca G. , Millner Alexander J. , Kleiman Evan M. , Nock Matthew K.
Published: April 2023

This study aims to identify the timescale of suicidal thinking, leveraging real-time monitoring data and a number of different analytic approaches. Participants were 105 adults with past week suicidal thoughts who completed a 42-d real-time monitoring study (total number of observations = 20,255). Participants completed two forms of real-time assessments: traditional real-time assessments (spaced hours apart each day) and high-frequency assessments (spaced 10 min apart over 1 h). We found that suicidal thinking changes rapidly. Both descriptive statistics and Markov-switching models indicated that elevated states of suicidal thinking lasted on average 1 to 3 h. Individuals exhibited heterogeneity in how often and for how long they reported elevated suicidal thinking, and our analyses suggest that different aspects of suicidal thinking operated on different timescales. Continuous-time autoregressive models suggest that current suicidal intent is predictive of future intent levels for 2 to 3 h, while current suicidal desire is predictive of future suicidal desire levels for 20 h. Multiple models found that elevated suicidal intent has on average shorter duration than elevated suicidal desire. Finally, inferences about the within-person dynamics of suicidal thinking on the basis of statistical modeling were shown to depend on the frequency at which data was sampled. For example, traditional real-time assessments estimated the duration of severe suicidal states of suicidal desire as 9.5 h, whereas the high-frequency assessments shifted the estimated duration to 1.4 h.
Cross-linking mass spectrometry discovers, evaluates, and corroborates structures and protein–protein interactions in the human cell
Authors: Bartolec Tara K. , Vázquez-Campos Xabier , Norman Alexander , Luong Clement , Johnson Marcus , Payne Richard J. , Wilkins Marc R. , Mackay Joel P. , Low Jason K. K.
Published: April 2023

Significant recent advances in structural biology, particularly in the field of cryoelectron microscopy, have dramatically expanded our ability to create structural models of proteins and protein complexes. However, many proteins remain refractory to these approaches because of their low abundance, low stability, or—in the case of complexes—simply not having yet been analyzed. Here, we demonstrate the power of using cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) for the high-throughput experimental assessment of the structures of proteins and protein complexes. This included those produced by high-resolution but in vitro experimental data, as well as in silico predictions based on amino acid sequence alone. We present the largest XL-MS dataset to date, describing 28,910 unique residue pairs captured across 4,084 unique human proteins and 2,110 unique protein–protein interactions. We show that models of proteins and their complexes predicted by AlphaFold2, and inspired and corroborated by the XL-MS data, offer opportunities to deeply mine the structural proteome and interactome and reveal mechanisms underlying protein structure and function.
Exposure to microbial products followed by loss of Tet2 promotes myelodysplastic syndrome via remodeling HSCs
Authors: Yokomizo-Nakano Takako , Hamashima Ai , Kubota Sho , Bai Jie , Sorin Supannika , Sun Yuqi , Kikuchi Kenta , Iimori Mihoko , Morii Mariko , Kanai Akinori , Iwama Atsushi , Huang Gang , Kurotaki Daisuke , Takizawa Hitoshi , Matsui Hirotaka , Sashida Goro
Published: April 2023

Aberrant innate immune signaling in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) has been implicated as a driver of the development of MDS. We herein demonstrated that a prior stimulation with bacterial and viral products followed by loss of the Tet2 gene facilitated the development of MDS via up-regulating the target genes of the Elf1 transcription factor and remodeling the epigenome in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in a manner that was dependent on Polo-like kinases (Plk) downstream of Tlr3/4-Trif signaling but did not increase genomic mutations. The pharmacological inhibition of Plk function or the knockdown of Elf1 expression was sufficient to prevent the epigenetic remodeling in HSCs and diminish the enhanced clonogenicity and the impaired erythropoiesis. Moreover, this Elf1-target signature was significantly enriched in MDS HSPCs in humans. Therefore, prior infection stress and the acquisition of a driver mutation remodeled the transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes and cellular functions in HSCs via the Trif-Plk-Elf1 axis, which promoted the development of MDS.
CTLA4 prohibits T cells from cross-dressing
Authors: Paillon Noémie , Hivroz Claire
Published: April 2023

In this issue of JEM, Xiaozheng Xu et al. (2023. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20221391) report that the inhibitory protein CTLA4 internalizes in cis the B7 stimulatory molecules previously “gnawed” by T cells from antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and in doing so prevents stimulatory T–T interactions.
Learning fluid dynamics and the principles of flight: from primary school to STEM degrees
Authors: Pujante-Martínez Lucía , Le Clainche Soledad , Pérez José M , Ferrer Esteban
Published: April 2023

This article covers fluid dynamics and principles of flight. This complex topic and the related theory are typically taught in the second and third years of aerospace engineering degrees, but the present work adapts it to three different levels of learning: primary school, secondary school and science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) degrees. Here we divide the topic into three sections, each one representing a project that can be developed in class. Depending on the student’s level, we propose to develop project 1 (primary school), project 2 (secondary school) or project 3 (STEM degree). The main goal of the article is twofold: (i) to increase students’ motivation from primary to university levels in the topics of mathematics and physics, showing students that the theoretical concepts that they learn in class can be applied to solve real-life problems, and (ii) to introduce original ideas for teachers to develop extracurricular activities in class, also with the aim of motivating students. Projects 1 and 3 have been carried out in class and results show that after performing these activities, students have acquired new complex knowledge and at the same time their motivation in scientific subjects has increased. Project-based learning and learning by playing are the two main methodologies of the activities presented in this article. The present work follows the spirit of ‘The Enigma of Aerodynamic Lift’ (an article recently published in Scientific American 322, 2020), and can be considered as an original extension with new material suitable for the teacher to be used in class.
Reconstructing the image scanning microscopy dataset: an inverse problem
Authors: Zunino Alessandro , Castello Marco , Vicidomini Giuseppe
Published: April 2023

Confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) is one of the most popular optical architectures for fluorescence imaging. In CLSM, a focused laser beam excites the fluorescence emission from a specific specimen position. Some actuators scan the probed region across the sample and a photodetector collects a single intensity value for each scan point, building a two-dimensional image pixel-by-pixel. Recently, new fast single-photon array detectors have allowed the recording of a full bi-dimensional image of the probed region for each scan point, transforming CLSM into image scanning microscopy (ISM). This latter offers significant improvements over traditional imaging but requires an optimal processing tool to extract a super-resolved image from the four-dimensional dataset. Here we describe the image formation process in ISM from a statistical point of view, and we use the Bayesian framework to formulate a multi-image deconvolution problem. Notably, the single-photon detector suffers exclusively from the photon shot noise, enabling the development of an effective likelihood model. We derive an iterative likelihood maximization algorithm and test it on experimental and simulated data. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the ISM dataset is redundant, enabling the possibility of obtaining reconstruction sampled at twice the scanning step. Our results prove that in ISM, under appropriate conditions, the Nyquist–Shannon sampling criterium is effectively relaxed. This finding can be exploited to speed up the acquisition process by a factor of four, further improving the versatility of ISM systems.
A Bayesian interpretation of the L-curve
Authors: Antoni Jérôme , Idier Jérôme , Bourguignon Sébastien
Published: April 2023

The L-curve is a popular heuristic to tune Tikhonov regularization in linear inverse problems. This paper shows how it naturally arises when the problem is solved from a Bayesian perspective. Specifically, it establishes that the L-curve is a graphical way of searching for the maximum a posteriori solution after marginalization over the priors. The framework is general enough to enclose the classical (linear, logarithmic and square-root) L-curves as particular cases and to allow the design of new L-curves. It also explicitly accounts for the dimensions of the inverse problem (number of observations versus number of unknowns) in regularization. Elaborating on this framework, new criteria for locating the corner of the L-curve are discovered, such as the ‘minimum speed on the curve’ and the ‘maximum angular speed’, and conditions are established for their equivalence with the maximum curvature and the marginalized maximum a posteriori. All results are supported by numerical experiments. Experiments also show that the Bayesian L-curve rooted on appropriate priors can succeed in inverse problems where the classical L-curve is prone to fail.
Structural origins of the unusual thermal stability of amorphous Cu
x
Ge50−x
Te50 (0
⩽
x
⩽
33.3)
Authors: Stellhorn J R , Paulus B , Klee B D , Inui M , Taniguchi H , Sutou Y , Hosokawa S , Pilgrim W-C
Published: April 2023

We have investigated the local atomic structures of several compositions of the amorphous phase of the system Cu
x
Ge

50
−
x

Te50 (

0
⩽
x
⩽
33.3

), based on extended x-ray absorption fine-structure as well as anomalous x-ray scattering experiments, and discuss the unusual trend regarding their thermal stability as a function of the Cu content. At low concentrations (

x
⩽
15

), Cu atoms tend to agglomerate in flat nanoclusters reminiscent of the crystalline phase of metallic Cu, leading to a more and more Ge-deficient Ge–Te host network structure with growing Cu content and an increasing thermal stability. At higher Cu concentrations (

x
⩾
25

), Cu is incorporated into the network, leading to an overall weaker bonding situation which is associated with a decreasing thermal stability.
Ultrafast pulse pumping of topological nanospaser
Authors: Hunley Dalton C , Oliaei Motlagh S Azar , Ghimire Rupesh , Apalkov Vadym
Published: April 2023

We theoretically examine a topological nanospaser that is optically pumped using an ultra-fast circularly-polarized pulse. The spasing system consists of a silver nanospheroid, which supports surface plasmon (SP) excitations, and a transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayer nanoflake. The silver nanospheroid screens the incoming pulse and creates a non-uniform spatial distribution of electron excitations in the TMDC nanoflake. These excitations decay into the localized SPs, which can be of two types with the corresponding magnetic quantum number ±1. The amount and the type of the generated SPs depend on the intensity of the optical pulse. For small pulse amplitude, only one plasmonic mode is predominantly generated, resulting in far-field elliptically polarized radiation. For large amplitude of the optical pulse, both plasmonic modes are generated in almost the same amount, resulting in linearly polarized far-field radiation.
Ab initio lattice thermal conductivity of (Mg,Fe)O ferropericlase at the Earth’s lower mantle pressure and temperature
Authors: Dekura Haruhiko , Tsuchiya Taku
Published: April 2023

The effects of iron (Fe) incorporation on the lattice thermal conductivity (

κ

lat

) of MgO are investigated under the Earth’s lower mantle pressure (P) and temperature (T) condition (P > ∼20 GPa, T > ∼2000 K) based on the density-functional theory combined with the anharmonic lattice dynamics theory. The

κ

lat

of ferropericlase (FP) is determined combining the internally consistent LDA + U method and self-consistent approach to solve the phonon Boltzmann transport equation. The calculated

κ

lat

are well fitted to the extended Slack model which is proposed in this study to represent

κ

lat

in a wide volume and T range. Results demonstrate that the

κ

lat

of MgO decreases strongly by Fe incorporation. This strong negative effect is found due to decreases in phonon group velocity and lifetime. Consequently, the

κ

lat

of MgO at the core-mantle boundary condition (P∼ 136 GPa, T ∼ 4000 K) is substantially reduced from ∼40 to ∼10 W m−1 K−1 by the incorporation of Fe (12.5 mol%). The effect of Fe incorporation on the

κ

lat

of MgO is found to be insensitive to P and T, and at high T, the

κ

lat

of FP obeys a well-established T inverse relation unlike the experimental observations.
Strain-mediated ion–ion interaction in rare-earth-doped solids
Authors: Louchet-Chauvet A , Chanelière T
Published: April 2023

It was recently shown that the optical excitation of rare-earth ions produces a local change of the host matrix shape, attributed to a change of the rare-earth ion’s electronic orbital geometry. In this work we investigate the consequences of this piezo-orbital backaction and show from a macroscopic model how it yields a disregarded ion–ion interaction mediated by mechanical strain. This interaction scales as

1

/

r
3

, similarly to the other archetypal ion–ion interactions, namely electric and magnetic dipole–dipole interactions. We quantitatively assess and compare the magnitude of these three interactions from the angle of the instantaneous spectral diffusion mechanism, and re-examine the scientific literature in a range of rare-earth doped systems in the light of this generally underestimated contribution.
Development of an expendable current profiler and simulation of passive sources
Authors: Zhou Keyu , Chen Guangyuan , Zhang Qisheng , Lin Zucan , Liu Yunliang , Jiang Xingyuan , Zhang Jinhang , Li Pengyu
Published: April 2023

A common approach to ocean current measurement is to use a motion-induced electric field; this is the basic principle of the expendable current profiler (XCP). However, existing studies into XCPs have not explored indoor simulations of the ocean current environment or the implementation of attitude correction in the hardware. The accuracy of XCPs can be verified via indoor experiments and is affected by the sinking attitude. Therefore, in this study, we develop an XCP to measure ocean information in real time, and we correct the data for different XCP sinking attitudes. Furthermore, we design electromagnetic-induction-based laboratory measurements of simulated dynamic ocean currents. The signals collected by the XCP are linearly related to the copper-plated-power-supply signal. The processed data are compared and the feasibility of extracting ocean current signals via electrodes is verified through laboratory simulations of XCPs. Furthermore, we performed marine experiments in the South China Sea; the results indicate that the system is stable and easy to use. We implemented an expendable conductivity-temperature-depth system at the same location; the curve trends measured by the two probes were consistent, and the maximum error was found to be 0.5 °C. We expect this work to improve the quality of ocean current measurements and subsequent monitoring capabilities.
A new framework for the assessment of model probabilities of the different crystal plasticity models for lamellar grains in
α+β
Titanium alloys
Authors: Venkatraman Aditya , Mohan Soumya , Joseph V Roshan , McDowell David L , Kalidindi Surya R
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a novel framework for assessing the relative accuracy of the different slip transfer criterion in modeling the constitutive response of the lamellar morphology grains in

α
−
β

Titanium alloys. The main steps involved in the proposed framework include: (i) rigorous statistical evaluation of the salient morphological characteristics of the lamellar grains using image processing techniques, (ii) modeling the effects of dislocation slip transfer as additive penalties to the critical resolved shear strengths of the different slip systems in each phase, (iii) consideration of multiple geometric slip transfer criteria for the numerical evaluation of the different penalty terms, and (iv) the Bayesian calibration of the material parameters in the constitutive descriptions using spherical nanoindentation experimental data on a polycrystalline Ti-6Al-4V sample. Step (iv) described above involves the construction and refinement of a Gaussian process (GP) surrogate model for the indentation measurements, which is trained on crystal plasticity finite element simulations incorporating the constitutive descriptions selected in Steps (ii) and (iii). The GP surrogates are then combined with Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling techniques to calibrate the parameters in the various constitutive models studied in this work. Additionally, we have computed the posterior model probabilities for all the constitutive models considered and identified the most plausible slip transfer criterion. This specific constitutive model is then utilized to present a homogenized crystal plasticity model for the lamellar morphology. The proposed framework presents a robust scale-bridging protocol for incorporating the uncertain information obtained from lower scales.
On the contact electrification mechanism in semiconductor–semiconductor case by vertical contact-separation triboelectric nanogenerator
Authors: He Yue , Tian Jia , Peng Wenbo , Huang Danyang , Li Fangpei , He Yongning
Published: April 2023

With the speed of industrialization accelerating, the traditional energy is in the predicament of being exhausted. Humans urgently need a clean energy to maintain the peace and development. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a tiny device that collects and converts the renewable energy, such as wind, vibration and tidal/blue energy, into electrical energy. As the most significant working principle of TENG, contact electrification (CE) has been broadly studied since it was documented thousands of years ago. A large number of related researches are reported. However, most of them are focused on the polymer materials, device structures and potential applications. There are few literatures about the mechanism of CE, especially in the semiconductor–semiconductor case. Semiconductor–semiconductor CE is a promising method to generate electricity, which has been used in many fields, such as the photodetector and displacement sensor. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a serious and detailed theory in order to deeply explain the underlying mechanisms of semiconductor–semiconductor CE. In this work, a novel Fermi level model based on energy band theory is proposed to illustrate the semiconductor–semiconductor CE mechanism. By assembling a ZnO/Si vertical contact-separation (CS) mode TENG, the charge transfer introduced by CE is systematically measured. According to the energy band theory and TENG governing equation, the experimental data is qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Moreover, the effects of different concentrations of growth solutions on the morphology of ZnO nanowires and the Fermi level difference between ZnO and Si are explored as well. Results show that it is the Fermi level difference that dominates the short circuit transfer charge amount and direction of semiconductor–semiconductor CE mechanism. Our work can be applied to understand the CE mechanism in semiconductor–semiconductor case and broaden the application prospects of semiconductor-based TENG.
Inconsistent CT NSCLC radiomics associated with feature selection methods, predictive models and related factors
Authors: Ge Gary , Siddique Azmul , Zhang Jie
Published: April 2023

Objective. To investigate potential uncertainties in CT-based non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) radiomics associated with feature selection methods, predictive models, and their related factors. Approach. CT images from 496 pre-treatment NSCLC patients were retrospectively retrieved from a GE CT scanner. The original patient cohort (100%) was sampled to generate 25%, 50%, and 75% sub-cohorts to investigate potential impact of cohort size. Radiomic features were extracted from the lung nodule using IBEX. Five feature selection methods (analysis of variance, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, mutual information, minimum redundancy-maximum relevance, Relief) and seven predictive models (DT–decision tree, RF–random forest, LR–logistic regression, SVC–support vector classifier, KNN–k-nearest neighbor, GB–gradient boost, NB–Naïve-Bayesian) were included for the analysis. Cohort size and cohort composition (i.e. same sized cohorts with partially different patients) were investigated as factors related to feature selection methods. The number of input features and model validation methods (2-, 5-, and 10-fold cross-validation) were investigated for predictive models. Using a two-year survival endpoint, AUC values were calculated for the various combinations. Main results. Features ranked by different feature selection methods are not consistent and dependent on cohort size, even for the same methods. Two methods, Relief and LASSO, select 17 and 14 features from 25 common features to all cohort sizes, respectively, while other 3 feature selection methods have <10 features common to all cohort sizes. Feature rankings also highly depend on minor differences in cohort composition. AUCs for the 2100 tested combinations vary from 0.427 to 0.973. Among them, only 16 combinations achieve an AUC > 0.65. There is no clear path to reliable CT NSCLC radiomics. Significance. The use of different feature selection methods and predictive models can generate inconsistent results. This should be further investigated to improve the reliability of radiomic studies.
The PTB water calorimeter for determining the absolute absorbed dose to water in ultra-high pulse dose rate electron beams
Authors: Bourgouin Alexandra , Hackel Thomas , Kapsch Ralf-Peter
Published: April 2023

Objective. The purpose of this investigation is to establish the water calorimeter as the primary standard in PTB’s ultra-high pulse dose rate (UHPDR) 20 MeV reference electron beams. Approach. The calorimetric measurements were performed at the PTB research linac facility using the UHPDR reference electron beam setups that enable a dose per pulse between about 0.1 Gy and 6 Gy. The beam is monitored by an in-flange integrating current transformer. The correction factors required to determine the absorbed dose to water were evaluated using thermal and Monte Carlo simulations. Measurements were performed with different total doses delivered per pulse by modifying the instantaneous dose rate within a pulse and by changing the pulse length. The obtained temperature–time traces were compared to the simulated ones to validate the thermal simulations. In addition, absorbed-dose-to-water measurements obtained using the secondary standard alanine dosimeter system were compared to measurements performed with the primary standard. Main results. The simulated and measured temperature–time traces were shown to be consistent, within combined uncertainties, with one another. Measurements with alanine dosimeters proved to be consistent within k = 1 of the total combined uncertainty with the absorbed dose to water determined using the primary standard. Significance. The total relative standard uncertainty of absorbed dose to water determined using the PTB water calorimeter primary standard in UHPDR electron beams was estimated to be less than 0.5%, and the combined correction factors were found to deviate from 1 by less than 1% for both PTB UHPDR 20 MeV reference electron beams. The water calorimeter is therefore considered to be an established primary standard for the higher energy UHPDR reference electron beams.
Transition from isotropic to polar state of self-driven eccentric disks
Authors: Wang Jinghan , Xu Tianliang , He Jingxi , Chen Kang , Tian Wende
Published: April 2023

Inspired by the eccentricity design of self-driven disks, we propose a computational model to study the remarkable behavior of this kind of active matter via Langevin dynamics simulations. We pay attention to the effect of rotational friction coefficient and rotational noise on the phase behavior. A homogeneous system without rotational noise exhibits a sharp discontinuous transition of orientational order from an isotropic to a polar state with the increase of rotational friction coefficient. When there is rotational noise, the transition becomes continuous. The formation of polar state originates from the effective alignment effect due to the mutual coupling of the positional and orientational degrees of freedom of each disk. The rotational noise could weaken the alignment effect and cause the large spatial density inhomogeneity, while the translational noise homogenizes the system. Our model makes further conceptual progress on how the microscopic interaction among self-driven agents yields effective alignment.
Electronic states of domain walls in commensurate charge density wave ground state and mosaic phase in 1T -TaS2
Authors: Li Yan , Xiao Yao , Zheng Qi , Lin Xiao , Huang Li , Gao Hong-Jun
Published: April 2023

Domain walls (DWs) in the charge-density-wave (CDW) Mott insulator 1T-TaS2 have unique localized states, which play an important role in exploring the electronic properties of the material. However, the electronic states in DWs in 1T-TaS2 have not been clearly understood, mostly due to the complex structures, phases, and interlayer stacking orders in the DW areas. Here, we explored the electronic states of DWs in the large-area CDW phase and mosaic phase of 1T-TaS2 by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Due to the different densities of DWs, the electronic states of DWs show distinct features in these phases. In the large area CDW phase, both the domain and the DWs (DW1, DW2, DW4) have zero conductance at the Fermi level; while in the mosaic phase, they can be metallic or insulating depending on their environments. In areas with a high density of DWs, some electronic states were observed both on the DWs and within the domains, indicating delocalized states over the whole region. Our work contributes to further understanding of the interplay between CDW and electron correlations in 1T-TaS2.