bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enfoque Ecológico Funcional en una escuela especial de discapacidades múltiples.
Authors: Salas González Marcela Alejandra , Muñoz Quezada María Teresa
Published: April 2020

El propósito del siguiente estudio consistió en indagar el Enfoque Ecológico Funcional en las prácticas pedagógicas aplicadas en la enseñanza de estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales múltiples de una escuela diferencial de Talca, Chile. La investigación se enmarcó en un método cualitativo y de estudio de caso. Se entrevistó de forma individual y en grupos focales a tres educadoras y tres apoderadas. Los resultados indican que son aplicadas algunas de las prácticas pedagógicas basadas en el Enfoque Ecológico Funcional. Las que no se ejecutan se debe a dificultades que presentan las educadoras con la evaluación ecológica, la que provoca problemas en la elaboración de la planificación centrada en la persona y el proyecto educativo individual. Se observa escasa coordinación entre los docentes y los padres. Se concluye la necesidad de contar con una guía del Enfoque Ecológico Funcional, que permita orientar en su ejecución a las educadoras y familias.
Gestión del aula y formación inicial de profesores. Un estudio de revisión
Authors: Castañeda Díaz María Teresa , Villalta Paucar Marco Antonio
Published: April 2020

La gestión del aula se encuentra documentada por décadas de investigación y propuestas publicadas mayoritariamente en lengua inglesa. El objetivo del artículo es analizar las propuestas formativas en gestión del aula en la formación inicial de profesores. Se realizó un estudio metodológicamente mixto, que combina técnicas de análisis cualitativas y cuantitativas a un conjunto de 46 estudios científicos publicados en revistas indexadas en SCOPUS y WOS entre los años 2010 y 2016. Como resultado principal se encuentra que, independiente de que las propuestas formativas privilegien el entrenamiento en estrategias eficaces o competencias cognitivas para favorecer la gestión en el aula, las propuestas desarrollan contenidos de gestión centrados en el control de la conducta y organización de la instrucción en el aula. Se discuten marcos de referencia sobre la gestión del aula.
El discurso del profesorado en torno a la medida de apoyo a la integración en Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) en Andalucía
Authors: Domingo Segovia Jesús , Martos Ortega José Manuel
Published: April 2020

Este artículo analiza cómo se actúa preventiva y tempranamente con estudiantes con trayectorias personales y educativas alejadas de los entornos normalizados y del éxito educativo en educación secundaria. Estudiamos una escuela que, frente a la exclusión educativa, asume una perspectiva inclusiva. Partimos del supuesto que el profesorado posee un conocimiento profesional sobre las trayectorias de fracaso, las medidas de apoyo y su impacto. Será la voz de este profesorado nuestra principal fuente de información. El estudio utiliza entrevistas dialógicas en profundidad, en las que los informantes interpretan y dialogan sobre su propia práctica, mediante una cascada de profundización reflexiva. Los resultados reivindican el desarrollo de la autoestima, el refuerzo positivo, las metodologías activas y participativas, además de la promoción de acciones preventivas, como medidas de especial impacto para romper con la trayectoria de fracaso. Se concluye que las medidas de apoyo deben estar integradas en un proyecto educativo comunitario inclusivo.
Trabajo de campo: producción y significancia de conocimiento geográfico
Authors: Llancavil Daniel
Published: April 2020

Este trabajo destaca la necesidad de posicionar una enseñanza de la geografía que favorezca el desarrollo de un pensamiento geográfico en las alumnas y alumnos del sistema escolar chileno. Se persigue que estos adquieran competencias geográficas para interactuar de manera consciente y responsable en su espacio geográfico. Para lo anterior, se propone una secuencia didáctica para la realización de un trabajo de campo, en el sector céntrico de la ciudad de Temuco, utilizando la metodología indagatoria. Se sostiene que la implementación vendría a complementar y enriquecer las disposiciones y orientaciones didácticas presentes en los planes y programas de estudio, establecidos por el Ministerio de Educación de Chile, para la asignatura de Historia, Geografía y Ciencias Sociales.
Instrumentos de evaluación en inteligencia emocional: una revisión sistemática cuantitativa
Authors: Sánchez-Teruel David , Robles-Bello María Auxiliadora
Published: April 2020

La evaluación de la inteligencia emocional (IE) es centro de interés para profesionales de diversos campos de la salud y la educación. Este artículo ofrece una revisión sistemática cuantitativa sobre los instrumentos de evaluación de la IE utilizando una herramienta de análisis bibliográfico basado en la metodología PRISMA. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una importante productividad científica sobre la IE, pero escasos instrumentos que presenten adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para la medición de la IE en niños y adolescentes, menos aún en población clínica infanto-juvenil. Se discute la importancia de plantear puntos de encuentro entre las diversas teorías existentes y sus instrumentos de evaluación, para que la inteligencia emocional no se convierta en un campo de estudio restringido exclusivamente a investigadores y académicos. Se concluye con un listado de instrumentos de evaluación de la IE con suficientes garantías psicométricas para su aplicación en el ámbito educativo.
Interdisciplinariedad y proyectos integradores: un desafío para la universidad ecuatoriana
Authors: Suárez Monzón Noemí , Martínez Hernández Alina , Lara Paredes Diego Gudberto
Published: April 2020

Este artículo presenta un análisis de la interdisciplinariedad en relación con los proyectos integradores en dos universidades ecuatorianas, mediante una investigación descriptiva, exploratoria, que privilegia la utilización de métodos empíricos tales como el análisis documental, los talleres y la observación del desempeño de los estudiantes. El método hermenéutico-dialéctico constituyó la base filosófica del trabajo. Se revisó la concepción de los proyectos integradores a partir de los escritos teóricos, lo dispuesto en los documentos normativos de la educación superior ecuatoriana y su concreción en las facultades de Ingeniería Industrial y Sistema de dos universidades: Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica de Ambato y Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo. La triangulación de la información de las diferentes fuentes puso en evidencia los retos del trabajo interdisciplinar. Derivado de lo anterior, se ofrece una metodología que particulariza los procedimientos didácticos para guiar a los docentes en la implementación efectiva del enfoque interdisciplinario en los proyectos integradores.
Diferencias iniciales en el proceso de acceso al lenguaje escrito según nivel socioeconómico
Authors: Espinoza Victoria , Rosas Ricardo
Published: April 2020

El propósito de esta investigación fue analizar las diferencias existentes en el desarrollo inicial de los precursores del lenguaje escrito en niños de distintos NSE. Se evaluó el desempeño de 81 niños de NSE bajo y a 76 niños de NSE alto en precursores de la lectura. Se observaron diferencias significativas, favorables a los estudiantes de NSE alto en todas las habilidades evaluadas. Sin embargo, se encontraron diferencias en la magnitud de las diferencias según el precursor evaluado. Las mayores brechas se pudieron ver en vocabulario, comprensión oral y velocidad de denominación, habilidades relacionadas principalmente con la comprensión lectora, y las menores brechas se manifestaron respecto al conocimiento de las letras y la conciencia fonológica, precursores relacionados con la decodificación. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de implementar estrategias didácticas que permitan a la escuela compensar estas diferencias de ingreso, considerando los perfiles iniciales de desarrollo de los distintos grupos de estudiantes.
Indígenas Sateré-mawé/AM e Hixkaryana/AM em sofrimento mental e ético-político
Authors: Albuquerque Renan
Published: April 2020

Partimos de visão spinozana que não dicotomiza corpo e mente e salientamos inferências a respeito de duas etnias indígenas da Amazônia ante os processos psicossociais. Metodologicamente, consideramos historicidade e territorialidade na análise. Ambas podem se vincular a sofrimentos no campo da saúde ou não. As reflexões tiveram o objetivo de considerar cosmovisão e imemorialidades. Concluímos que encontros vividos por povos originários na cidade tendem a lançá-los a condições de sofrimento ético-político, em uma dialética inclusão/exclusão social, diminuindo a conatus dos indígenas, afetando sua saúde e concorrendo para um status de reatividade.
Processos de territorialização empresarial na Amazônia: significados e decorrências
Authors: Garzon Luis Fernando Novoa , Silva Daniele Severo da , Ribeiro Maíra Silva
Published: April 2020

Esse artigo pretende elencar pistas acerca dos dispositivos práticos e simbólicos (medidas funcionalizadoras do espaço promovidas em nome do “progresso”) adotados no processo de implementação de grandes hidrelétricas na região amazônica, que vem contribuindo para o rebaixamento dos padrões de proteção ambiental e de direitos sociais e territoriais vigentes no país. Os agentes estruturadores dos “territórios empresariais” resultantes desses empreendimentos procuram produzir espaços funcionais, precedidos de limpezas sociais profundas que expressam a natureza privatista e autoritária inerente a esses processos de incorporação espacial de larga escala. Tais processos, contudo, não se dão sem contendas e antagonismos, seja entre os segmentos condutores da reestruturação espacial-social, seja entre estes e a população deslocada compulsoriamente que insiste em resgatar margens de autonomia do viver coletivo, a partir de repertórios culturais que não se encerram e de novas sociabilidades que se abrem. Nesses termos, o conflito territorial é posto e reposto, não como “obstáculo” ou “entrave”, mas como interrogante acerca das próprias metas e resultados dos projetos de “modernização” e “desenvolvimento”. Nossa proposição é fornecer elementos analíticos e espaços de reconhecimento para o (re)mapeamento de tradições e resistências nas novas condições colocadas pelo contínuo reescalonamento do espaço produzido por grandes projetos já implementados e em implementação na Amazônia.
Discussing culturally relevant education and its connection to cultural aspects of mathematics through ethnomathematics
Authors: Rosa Milton , Orey Daniel Clark
Published: April 2020

Nesse artigo, discutimos a Educação Culturalmente Relevante, as Escolas Culturalmente Relevantes, a Pedagogia Culturalmente Relevante e os aspectos culturais da Matemática. A base teórica comum desses campos de conhecimento está inter-relacionada no tocante ao desenvolvimento da Etnomatemática. Nesse contexto, os educadores respeitam os alunos provenientes de diversas culturas, propiciando esforços contínuos e genuínos para entender as suas perspectivas sociais e culturais, a fim de acolher experiências inovadoras de aprendizado e ações pedagógicas, abordando alunos com atitudes e posturas flexíveis em relação aos entendimentos interculturais. Portanto, é imperativo utilizar políticas e práticas que valorizem os educadores, os professores e os alunos com o objetivo de possibilitar a sua interação efetiva em um ambiente culturalmente diverso.
Dinámicas contextuales, recursos individuales y empleabilidad: El caso del profesorado universitario
Authors: Botero-Sarassa Jimena , Rentería-Pérez Erico , Malvezzi Sigmar
Published: April 2020

Partiendo de una perspectiva multidimensional, se analiza la configuración de la empleabilidad del profesorado universitario. Para ello se sistematizan aportes de la literatura especializada y se presentan resultados del análisis de 24 entrevistas sobre las trayectorias de académicos vinculados a universidades españolas y colombianas. El contraste de contextos espacio-temporales, permite visibilizar la incidencia diferencial de dinámicas socio¬económicas, culturales, políticas, educativas y organizacionales en los mercados y relaciones del profesorado con su trabajo. De igual forma, se analizan recursos personales, relacionales y psicológicos del profesorado, que repercuten en la inserción, permanencia y movilidad del profesorado en los mercados de trabajo. Lo anterior genera aportes la comprensión de la empleabilidad como un fenómeno complejo, multidimensional y situacional, dependiente tanto del contexto como del individuo, que representa una estimativa potencial relativa de difícil aprehensión, pero con consecuencias concretas para las personas que trabajan.
Liderazgo social, motor de las prácticas directivas en educación en contextos de encierro
Authors: Gaete Vergara Marcela , Acuña Collado Violeta , Ramirez Muga Marisol
Published: April 2020

La investigación ha entregado suficiente evidencia de la relevancia del liderazgo directivo en la calidad de las escuelas y en los aprendizajes de los y las estudiantes. Al respecto, en Chile se han diseñado una serie de políticas para determinar las competencias relacionadas con un desempeño directivo efectivo. No obstante, los resultados de una investigación cualitativa y exploratoria, en que participan 69 proyectos formativos formales y no formales en contextos de encierro de Santiago de Chile, arroja claros cuestionamientos a dichas políticas en contextos carcelarios. Los participantes del estudio comparten un liderazgo social, volcado a las circunstancias y a las necesidades de los sujetos, propio de personas impulsoras, que actúan con clara conciencia en la transformación. La dimensión psicosocial es un componente relevante para comprender el surgimiento, las relaciones, los modos y la persistencia de los proyectos formativos en contextos de encierro. No se trata de deslegitimar la relevancia del liderazgo directivo, sino cuestionar su reducción a la perspectiva gerencial como opción política propia de sociedades neoliberales. Opción que jaquean día a día los directivos de proyectos formativos en contextos de encierro.
Influence of the dry aerosol particle size distribution and morphology on the cloud condensation nuclei activation. An experimental and theoretical investigation
Authors: Wu Junteng , Faccinetto Alessandro , Grimonprez Symphorien , Batut Sébastien , Yon Jérôme , Desgroux Pascale , Petitprez Denis
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Combustion and other high-temperature processes frequently result
in the emission of aerosols in the form of polydisperse fractal-like
aggregates made of condensed-phase nanoparticles (soot for instance). If
certain conditions are met, the emitted aerosol particles are known to
evolve into important cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the atmosphere. In
this work, the hygroscopic parameter κ of complex morphology
aggregates is calculated from the supersaturation-dependent activated
fraction Fa=Fa(SS) in the frame of κ-Köhler theory. The particle size distribution is approximated with the
morphology-corrected volume equivalent diameter calculated from the
electrical mobility diameter by taking into account the diameter of the
primary particle and the fractal dimension of the aggregate experimentally
obtained from transmission electron microscopy measurements. Activation
experiments are performed in water supersaturation conditions using a
commercial CCN-100 condensation nuclei counter. The model is tested in
close-to-ideal conditions of size-selected, isolated spherical
particles (ammonium sulfate nanoparticles dispersed in nitrogen), then with
complex polydisperse fractal-like aggregates (soot particles activated by
exposure to ozone with κ as low as 5×10-5) that
represent realistic anthropogenic emissions in the atmosphere.
Temporal Evolution of the Bromine Alpha Factor and Equivalent Effective Stratospheric Chlorine in Future Climate Scenarios
Authors: Klobas J. Eric , Weisenstein Debra K. , Salawitch Ross J. , Wilmouth David M.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Future trajectories of the stratospheric trace gas background will alter the rates of bromine- and chlorine-mediated catalytic ozone destruction via changes in the partitioning of inorganic halogen reservoirs and the underlying temperature structure of the stratosphere. The current formulation of the bromine alpha factor, the ozone-destroying power of stratospheric bromine atoms relative to stratospheric chlorine atoms, is invariant with climate state. Here, we refactor the bromine alpha factor, introducing climate normalization to a benchmark climate state, and reformulate Equivalent Effective Stratospheric Chlorine (EESC) to reflect changes in the rates of both chlorine- and bromine-mediated ozone loss catalysis with time. We show that the ozone-processing power of the extrapolar stratosphere is significantly perturbed by future climate assumptions. Furthermore, we show that our EESC-based estimate of the extrapolar ozone-recovery date is in closer agreement with extrapolar ozone recovery dates predicted using more sophisticated 3-D chemistry-climate models than prior formulations of EESC that employ climate-invariant values of the bromine alpha factor.
Effect of OH emission on the temperature and wind measurements derived from limb-viewing observations of the 1.27 µm O2 dayglow
Authors: Wu Kuijun , He Weiwei , Feng Yutao , Xiong Yuanhui , Li Faquan
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The O2(a1Δg) emission near 1.27 µm is well-suited for remote sensing of global wind and temperature in near-space by limb-viewing observations to its bright signal and extended altitude coverage. However, vibrational–rotational emission lines of the OH dayglow produced by the hydrogen–ozone reaction (H+O3→OH•+O2) overlap the infrared atmospheric band emission (a1Δg→X3Σg) of O2. The main goal of this paper is to discuss the effect of OH emission on the wind and temperature measurements derived from the 1.27 µm O2 dayglow limb-viewing observations. The O2 dayglow and OH dayglow spectrum over the spectral region and altitude range of interest is calculated by using the line-by-line radiative transfer model and the most recent photochemical model. The method of four-point sampling of the interferogram and sample results of measurement simulations are provided for both O2 dayglow and OH dayglow. It is apparent from the simulations that the presence of OH dayglow as an interfering species decreases the wind and temperature accuracy at all altitudes, but this effect can be reduced considerably by improving OH dayglow knowledge.
A multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy aerosol profile retrieval algorithm for high-altitude measurements: application to measurements at Schneefernerhaus (UFS), Germany
Authors: Wang Zhuoru , Chan Ka Lok , Heue Klaus-Peter , Doicu Adrian , Wagner Thomas , Holla Robert , Wiegner Matthias
Published: April 2020

Abstract. We present a new aerosol extinction profile retrieval algorithm for multi-axis differential optical absorption spectrometer (MAX-DOAS) measurements at high-altitude sites. The algorithm is based on the lookup table method. It is applied to retrieve aerosol extinction profiles from the long-term MAX-DOAS measurements (February 2012 to February 2016) at the Environmental Research Station Schneefernerhaus (UFS), Germany (47.417∘ N, 10.980∘ E), which is located near the summit of Zugspitze at an altitude of 2650 m. The lookup table consists of simulated O4 differential slant column densities (DSCDs) corresponding to numerous possible aerosol extinction profiles. The sensitivities of O4 absorption to several parameters were investigated for the design and parameterization of the lookup table. In the retrieval, simulated O4 DSCDs for each possible profile are derived by interpolating the lookup table to the observation geometries. The cost functions are calculated for each aerosol profile in the lookup table based on the simulated O4 DSCDs, the O4 DSCD observations, and the measurement uncertainties. Valid profiles are selected from all the possible profiles according to the cost function, and the optimal solution is defined as the weighted mean of all the valid profiles. A comprehensive error analysis is performed to better estimate the total uncertainty. Based on the assumption that the lookup table covers all possible profiles under clear-sky conditions, we determined a set of O4 DSCD scaling factors for different elevation angles and wavelengths. The profiles retrieved from synthetic measurement data can reproduce the synthetic profile. The results also show that the retrieval is insensitive to measurement noise, indicating the retrieval is robust and stable. The aerosol optical depths (AODs) retrieved from the long-term measurements were compared to coinciding and co-located sun photometer observations. High correlation coefficients (R) of 0.733 and 0.798 are found for measurements at 360 and 477 nm, respectively. However, especially in summer, the sun photometer AODs are systematically higher than the MAX-DOAS retrievals by a factor of ∼2. The discrepancy might be related to the limited measurement range of the MAX-DOAS and is probably also related to the decreased sensitivity of the MAX-DOAS measurements at higher altitudes. The MAX-DOAS measurements indicate the aerosol extinction decreases with increasing altitude during all seasons, which agrees with the co-located ceilometer measurements. Our results also show maximum AOD and maximum Ångström exponent in summer, which is consistent with observations at an AERONET station located ∼43 km from the UFS.
Characterization of a Non-Thermal Plasma Source for the Use as a Mass Spec Calibration Tool and Non-Radioactive Aerosol Charger
Authors: Tauber Christian , Schmoll David , Gruenwald Johannes , Brilke Sophia , Wlasits Peter Josef , Winkler Paul Martin , Wimmer Daniela
Published: April 2020

Abstract. In this study the charging efficiency of a radioactive and a non-radioactive plasma neutralizer (Gilbert Mark I plasma charger) have been investigated at various aerosol flow rates. The results were compared to classic theoretical approaches. In addition, the chemical composition and electrical mobilities of the charger ions have been examined using an atmospheric pressure interface – time-of-flight mass spectrometer (APi-TOF MS). A comparison of the different neutralization methods revealed an increased charging efficiency for negatively charged particles using the non-radioactive plasma charger with nitrogen as working gas. The mobility and mass spectrometric measurements show that the generated neutralizer ions are of the same mobilities and composition independent of the charging mechanism. It was the first time that the Gilbert Mark I plasma charger was characterized in comparison to the standard TSI X-Ray (TSI Inc, Model 3088) and a radioactive americium neutralizer. We observed that the plasma charger with nitrogen as working gas can enhance the charging probability for sub-10 nm particles. Consequently, the limit of detection of differential or scanning mobility particle sizers can be increased down towards to smaller sizes with the Gilbert Mark I plasma charger.
Behind the scenes of an interdisciplinary effort: conception, design and production of a flyer on climate change for the citizens of Hamburg
Authors: Steuri Bettina , Blome Tanja , Bülow Katharina , El Zohbi Juliane , Hoffmann Peter , Petersen Juliane , Pfeifer Susanne , Rechid Diana , Jacob Daniela
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The goal of an interdisciplinary team of scientists at the Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS) was to make the findings of the special report IPCC SR1.5 more accessible to the citizens of Hamburg. Therefore, a flyer was created that is understandable to non-climate scientists, visually attractive and generates interest. It contains up-to-date climate information, readily understandable texts and several graphical visualisations. The team has been working intensively on analysing and processing further the consequences of a 1.5 ∘C global warming for the Hamburg metropolitan region. While the team's natural scientists elaborated the impacts on specific climate indices, other team members focused on the visualisation and communication of the results.
Statistical estimation of global surface temperature response to forcing under the assumption of temporal scaling
Authors: Myrvoll-Nilsen Eirik , Sørbye Sigrunn Holbek , Fredriksen Hege-Beate , Rue Håvard , Rypdal Martin
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Reliable quantification of the global mean surface temperature (GMST) response to radiative forcing is essential for assessing the risk of dangerous anthropogenic climate change. We present the statistical foundations for an observation-based approach using a stochastic linear response model that is consistent with the long-range temporal dependence observed in global temperature variability. We have incorporated the model in a latent Gaussian modeling framework, which allows for the use of integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLAs) to perform full Bayesian analysis. As examples of applications, we estimate the GMST response to forcing from historical data and compute temperature trajectories under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) for future greenhouse gas forcing. For historic runs in the Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) ensemble, we
estimate response functions and demonstrate that one can infer the transient climate response (TCR) from the instrumental temperature record. We illustrate the effect of long-range dependence by comparing the results with those obtained from one-box and two-box energy balance models. The software developed to perform the given analyses is publicly available as the R package INLA.climate.
Measurements of atmospheric electricity in the Széchenyi István Geophysical Observatory, Hungary
Authors: Bór József , Sátori Gabriella , Barta Veronika , Szabóné-André Karolina , Szendrői Judit , Wesztergom Viktor , Bozóki Tamás , Buzás Attila , Koronczay Dávid
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The Széchenyi István Geophysical Observatory,
also known as the Nagycenk Geophysical Observatory (NCK), was established in
1957. It has been the only measurement site in Hungary where observations of
various parameters of the atmospheric global electric circuit are made in
the framework of organized research under the umbrella of the Hungarian
Academy of Sciences (MTA). Measurements of the atmospheric electrical potential
gradient (PG) and Schumann resonances (SRs) running quasi-continuously in the
observatory for decades provide an invaluable source of information for
geophysical research. This paper gives an overview on the history of the
observatory and particularly on various atmospheric electricity (AE) measurements
on-site to commemorate the efforts and excellence of the people who served
atmospheric sciences by dedicating their lives to obtaining high-quality,
reliable data and scientific achievements at the highest possible level.
How useful is snow accumulation in reconstructing surface air temperature in Antarctica? A study combining ice core records and climate models
Authors: Dalaiden Quentin , Goosse Hugues , Klein François , Lenaerts Jan T. M. , Holloway Max , Sime Louise , Thomas Elizabeth R.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Improving our knowledge of the temporal and spatial variability of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) surface mass balance (SMB) is crucial to reduce the uncertainties of past, present, and future Antarctic contributions to sea level rise. An examination of the surface air temperature–SMB relationship in model simulations demonstrates a strong link between the two. Reconstructions based on ice cores display a weaker relationship, indicating a model–data discrepancy that may be due to model biases or to the non-climatic noise present in the records. We find that, on the regional scale, the modeled relationship between surface air temperature and SMB is often stronger than between temperature and δ18O. This suggests that SMB data can be used to reconstruct past surface air temperature. Using this finding, we assimilate isotope-enabled SMB and δ18O model output with ice core observations to generate a new surface air temperature reconstruction. Although an independent evaluation of the skill is difficult because of the short observational time series, this new reconstruction outperforms the previous reconstructions for the continental-mean temperature that were based on δ18O alone. The improvement is most significant for the East Antarctic region, where the uncertainties are particularly large. Finally, using the same data assimilation method as for the surface air temperature reconstruction, we provide a spatial SMB reconstruction for the AIS over the last 2 centuries, showing large variability in SMB trends at a regional scale, with an increase (0.82 Gt yr−2) in West Antarctica over 1957–2000 and a decrease in East Antarctica during the same period (−0.13 Gt yr−2). As expected, this is consistent with the recent reconstruction used as a constraint in the data assimilation.
Fibrostenotic strictures in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Yoo Jun Hwan , Holubar Stefan , Rieder Florian
Published: April 2020

The use of biologic agents including anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibodies followed by anti-integrins and anti-interleukins has drastically changed the treatment paradigm of Crohn’s disease (CD) by improving clinical symptoms and mucosal healing. However, up to 70% of CD patients still eventually undergo surgery mainly due to fibrostenotic strictures. There are no specific anti-fibrotic drugs yet. This review comprehensively addresses the mechanism, prediction, diagnosis and treatment of the fibrostenotic strictures in CD. We also introduce promising anti-fibrotic agents which may be available in the near future and summarize challenges in developing novel therapies to treat fibrostenotic strictures in CD.
On EPP effects and the properties of Core Functional Categories
Authors: Fernández-Salgueiro Gerardo
Published: April 2020

In this paper I argue that EPP effects are not special to T but reflect more general formal properties of the Core Functional Categories (CFCs) C, T, and v. I argue that CFCs require a specifier that matches their formal features and provide cross-linguistic evidence that this requirement can be satisfied in similar ways in all three CFCs. I also suggest that this requirement is motivated by the need for Agree operations to apply in a uniform way, with an unvalued feature always functioning as a probe and a feature that enters the derivation already valued always serving as a goal. Finally, I explore the consequences of this approach for our understanding of EPP effects in null subject languages.
Nanomaterials. Effective tools for field and horticultural crops to cope with drought stress: A review
Authors: Maswada Hanafey F. , Mazrou Yasser S. A. , Elzaawely Abdelnaser A. , Alam-Eldein Shamel M.
Published: April 2020

Drought is the most serious environmental challenge that limits plant growth and causes more severe yield losses than other abiotic stress factors resulting in a serious food shortage. Nanomaterials (NMs) are considered as vital tools to overcome contemporary and future challenges in agricultural production. Recently, NMs have been applied for enhancing seed germination, growth, physiology, productivity and quality attributes of various crops under normal or stress conditions. Up to date, there is no a comprehensive review about the potential role of NMs in attenuating the drought-induced adverse effects in crop plants. Thus, this review will highlight this issue. Generally, NMs minimize drought-induced osmotic stress by accumulation of osmolytes that result in osmotic adjustment and improved plant water status. In addition, NMs play a key role to improve root growth, conductive tissue elements and aquaporin proteins facilitating uptake and translocation of water and nutrients. Furthermore, NMs reduce water loss by stomatal closure due to abscisic acid signaling. However, this leads to reduced photosynthesis and oxidative stress damage. At the same time, NMs increase the content of light-harvesting pigments, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants leading to enhancing photosynthesis with reducing oxidative stress damage. Overall, NMs can ameliorate the deleterious effects of drought stress in crop plants by regulation of gene expression and alternation of various physiological and biochemical processes.
Česká problémová dramatika šedesátých let 20. století
Authors: Kroča David
Published: April 2020

In his monograph Czech Problem Drama of the 1960s, David Kroča (b. 1973), a literary scholar and educator at Masaryk University, focuses on a period that can in many respects be viewed as a turning point in the poetics of the original Czech drama. From the varied production of drama in the 1960s, which was rich in genre, he chose to research a specific stream called problem drama in which an ordinary dramatic conflict is substituted with an escalated confrontation of different opinions related to a particular problem. The introductory theoretical and context chapters consider the developmental tendencies in Czech drama as well as some important foreign resources. The core of the work consists of analytical and interpretative chapters which deal with the analysis of those dramas where the authors tackle serious existential problems and question social and moral responsibility.
Procreative Autonomy Versus Beneficence in Assisted Reproductive Technologies
Authors: Hostiuc Sorin ,   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2020

Since its beginning, healthcare has focused its attention on helping patients become healthier and live longer. One of the areas in which medical technology has made impressive strides is assisted reproductive technologies. Some bioethical issues are common to most or all of these newer reproductive technologies. The uncertainty of long-term risks posed by reproductive technologies generate potential challenges to the values of beneficence and non-maleficence and strain the already divisive dichotomy between procreative autonomy and procreative beneficence. Procreative autonomy and procreative beneficence are both important values that physicians and prospective parents ought to evaluate when considering the use of assisted reproductive technologies. However, the moral prescriptives associated with each value may diverge and conflict with one another; when this occurs, minute arguments may shift the balance between them. For physicians, prioritizing the value of procreative autonomy or procreative beneficence mainly influences the way in which they choose to present information–that is, whether they are directive or non-directive when consulted about family-planning options. Assisted reproductive technologies have dramatically increased the range of choices available to prospective parents, and this breadth of choice may lead to potential ethical conflicts between the competing values of procreative autonomy and procreative beneficence. In the following article, we will address this friction, focusing our attention on normative considerations related to medical risk management and the telos of the prospective child.
A educação ambiental e a prática pedagógica: um diálogo necessário
Authors: Oliveira Chrizian Karoline , Saheb Daniele , Rodrigues Daniela Gureski
Published: April 2020

De acordo com as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais de Educação Ambiental – DCNEA (BRASIL, 2012), a Educação Ambiental deve estar presente no currículo do ensino formal, de modo contínuo, permanente e interdisciplinar. Com base nesta perspectiva, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar por meio do relato dos professores, como são desenvolvidas as Práticas em EA do Projeto Equidade da Rede Municipal de Curitiba-PR. Como proposta metodológica delimitaram-se três instrumentos de coleta de dados, pesquisa bibliográfica, análise documental e questionário. No que se refere ao questionário, o mesmo se deu por meio da técnica Delphi, realizado com os professores da Prática de Educação Ambiental, de escolas que participam do Projeto Equidade. Os resultados apontaram à necessidade de maiores subsídios teóricos e metodológicos aos professores, para que possam promover aprendizagens mais significativas por meio das práticas em EA, apontando assim, a relevância de se trabalhar com os problemas que afetam principalmente a região local, permitindo assim um envolvimento maior por parte do professor, trazendo reflexões imprescindíveis para a temática ambiental, sendo elas, culturais, sociais, econômicas, políticas e históricas.
Temporal and spatial variability in snow cover over the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, from 2001 to 2015
Authors: Chen Wenqian , Ding Jianli , Wang Jingzhe , Zhang Junyong , Zhang Zhe
Published: April 2020

Xinjiang, China, is a typical arid and semi-arid region of Central Asia that significantly lacks freshwater resources, and the surface runoff in this region is mainly supplied by mountain glacier and snow cover meltwater. Based on the above background and issues of transnational water resources between Xinjiang and Central Asia along the Silk Road Economic Belt, which were highlighted in the major strategy of “The Belt and Road”, this study analysed the spatial and temporal variations in snow cover and snow cover days in the Xinjiang region from 2001 to 2015. The study area includes four subregions: Northern Xinjiang, Southern Xinjiang, Eastern Xinjiang and the Ili River Valley. Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 8-day snow cover data were used after removing clouds by combining MOD10A2 and MYD10A2. The results showed that seasonal snow cover occurred from October to April in most regions of Xinjiang and that this snow cover consisted of two processes: snow accumulation and snow ablation. The maximum snow cover occurred in January, whereas the minimum snow cover occurred from July to August. During the seasonal snow cover period, the snowfall rates in Northern Xinjiang and the Ili River Valley were higher, while the other regions had a low snowfall probability. To study the relationship between altitude and snow cover, the normalized snow elevation correlation index (NSACI) was calculated. The NSACI showed a significant correlation between snow cover and elevation in most regions of Xinjiang and was classified into five grades. Snow cover days did not fluctuate obviously from 2001 to 2015, and a decreasing trend was observed in the four subregions except for the Ili River Valley (nonsignificant decreasing trend). We also observed a correlation between snow cover and temperature and found that the correlations between monthly snow cover and monthly temperature in the four subregions were strongly related to the underlying land type and global warming background, which also suggests that the special topography of Xinjiang greatly influences both snow cover and climate change.
Transcriptome analysis revealed key prognostic genes and microRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ma Xi , Zhou Lin , Zheng Shusen
Published: April 2020

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in HCC remain unclear and are in urgent need of elucidation. Therefore, we sought to identify biomarkers in the prognosis of HCC through an integrated bioinformatics analysis.

Methods

Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and The Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) for the screening of common differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Function and pathway enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction network construction and key gene identification were performed. The significance of key genes in HCC was validated by overall survival analysis and immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, based on TCGA data, prognostic microRNAs (miRNAs) were decoded using univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis, and their target genes were predicted by miRWalk.

Results

Eleven hub genes (upregulated ASPM, AURKA, CCNB2, CDC20, PRC1 and TOP2A and downregulated AOX1, CAT, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and HP) with the most interactions were considered as potential biomarkers in HCC and confirmed by overall survival analysis. Moreover, AURKA, PRC1, TOP2A, AOX1, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 were considered candidate liver-biopsy markers for high risk of developing HCC and poor prognosis in HCC. Upregulation of hsa-mir-1269b, hsa-mir-518d, hsa-mir-548aq, hsa-mir-548f-1, and hsa-mir-6728, and downregulation of hsa-mir-139 and hsa-mir-4800 were determined to be risk factors of poor prognosis, and most of these miRNAs have strong potential to help regulate the expression of key genes.

Conclusions

This study undertook the first large-scale integrated bioinformatics analysis of the data from Illumina BeadArray platforms and the TCGA database. With a comprehensive analysis of transcriptional alterations, including mRNAs and miRNAs, in HCC, our study presented candidate biomarkers for the surveillance and prognosis of the disease, and also identified novel therapeutic targets at the molecular and pathway levels.
LIBERTAD Y OBJECIÓN DE CONSCIENCIA: FUNDAMENTOS HISTÓRICO-DOGMÁTICOS Y FUNCIONALIDADES CONSTITUCIONALES
Authors:   Universidade de Coimbra (Portugal), Lopes Carvalho Felipe Augusto
Published: April 2020

Because of increasing state regulatory activity on morally sensitive issues, conflicts of conscience have arisen more frequently in recent years. The aim of this paper is to present a theoretical contribution, based on the history of law and constitutional scholarship, that might inform and shed light on decision-making bodies, and interpreters of law, whenever urged to resolve disputes involving conscientious claims. Based on the need of balancing rights, we intend to address the content, importance and historical reasons behind the rights to freedom of conscience and conscientious objection. Initially, we present a brief history of the affirmation of freedom of conscience as a human right, necessary to understand the reasons that led to the international recognition of this inviolable guarantee, besides highlighting the historical context of the affirmation of conscientious objection, manifestation of that freedom. Then, a brief conceptual construction and presentation of the main features of the conscientious objection will be explored. Finally, the paper turns to the analysis of the constitutional functions of freedom of conscience and conscientious objection, that is, to know which legal virtualities arise from a robust and effective protection of these rights
Breast Feeding among Mothers Attending Immunization Clinic at Health Centresin Rivers State Nigeria: An Institutional-based Survey
Authors: Gabriel-Job Nneka , Azubogu Uju S.
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Breastfeeding, especially exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), is considered effective for children’s survival. The practice and duration of EBF still remain low. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of breastfeeding and factors preventing EBF practicesamong mothers attending Health Centres for immunization services in Rivers State, Nigeria.

Methodology: Participants (n=480) were mothers who delivered their babies 4-18 months before onset of the study and attended immunization clinic (Health Centres in Obio/Akpor, Rivers State, Nigeria). An interviewer administered pre-tested, semi structured questionnaire was used to obtain the following information: their knowledge of EBF, their breast feeding practices, and reasons for not practicing EBF.

Results: Majority (86.3%) had heard of EBF, having heard it from a health facility. Only 153 (32.0%) women agreed that colostrum should be fed to a new born. 338 (70.4%) responded that the duration of EBF is 6 months while 302 (62.1%) responded that breast feeding should be stopped immediately after the infant becomes one year old. 149 (31.0%) practiced EBF; EBF was significantly related to antenatal care attendance(p = 0.02),spousal support(p = 0.03) and parity (p = 0.003). Returning to work after childbirth was the main reason for not practicing EBF.

Conclusion: Adequate information on the benefits and duration of breastfeeding is needed to enable effective breastfeeding. Support from the family and work place may enhance the practice of EBF in Rivers State.
Double Helix Structure of Photon
Authors: Chen Sennian
Published: April 2020

Does photon have structure, what structure? A useful clue is: The EM theory predicts that the helical distribution of vector EH plus speed  makes the angular momentum of the circular polarized light.  Photon possesses speed  and spin , weather its spin and other basic properties are also owing to the similar EH structure plus ? We are going to find out the answer. Starting from an ordinary symmetrical EM-wave beam, we do not presuppose it having any relation with the photon and quantization. We will prove the symmetrical wave beam is circular polarized; it is composed of an -energy packet and a conical (EM) wave with much smaller energy. The energy packet is a small and thin slice of circular polarized EH field wrapped by a cylindrical side membrane with helically distributed . Mechanical equilibrium between  and stresses  in the side membrane and the EH field inside construct a very steady structure to keep its integrity and energy. The energy-packet will be proved having almost all the basic properties we used to know for the photon(s). It floats on the front of the conical (EM) wave. They move with the same phase until meeting an obstacle. The energy packet and accompanying wave satisfy the same circular polarized wave function and play a role together in the processes of emission, absorption and interference. They show wave particle properties all the time. It seems such EM train can be reasonably treated as a photon and vice versa.
Silicon‐Derived Singlet Nucleophilic Carbene Reagents in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Priebbenow Daniel L.
Published: April 2020

Over fifty years ago, the 1,2‐rearrangement of acylsilanes was first described by Adrian Brook and co‐workers. This rearrangement (now termed the Brook rearrangement) yields reactive silicon‐based singlet nucleophilic carbene (SNC) intermediates that participate in a variety of chemical transformations including 1,2‐carbonyl addition, 1,4‐addition to electron‐deficient unsaturated bonds and insertion into C−H and O−H bonds. This review aims to cover the historical literature and recent advances with regard to these valuable silicon‐based reagents and highlight additional aspects related to the intriguing reactivity of both the carbene and oxocarbenium intermediates.

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Model simplification and variable selection: A replication of the UK inflation model by Hendry (2001)
Authors: Błażejowski Marcin , Kufel Paweł , Kwiatkowski Jacek
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we revisit the well‐known UK inflation model by Hendry (Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2001, 16, 255–275. We replicate the results in a narrow sense using the gretl and PcGive programs. In a wide sense, we extend the study of model uncertainty using the Bayesian averaging of classical estimates (BACE) approach as an automatic model reduction strategy. We consider three different specifications to compare BACE variable selection with Hendry's reduction. We find that the BACE method can recover the path of nontrivial reduction strategy.