bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POLA PEMEKARAN KEKOTAAN AKIBAT PERKEMBANGAN MORFOLOGI DI DAERAH PINGGIRAN KOTA PADA KORIDOR JALAN RAYA BATUBULAN, GIANYAR BALI
Authors: Sabhuana Kadek Amerta , Sukamara I Nyoman , Kardinal Ni. G. A. Diah Ambarwati
Published: April 2022

This study aims to find out and understand deeply the phenomenon of spatial development patterns in the suburbs of Batubulan, Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency. This research is based on circumtances that the area is identified as a suburban area that is affected by the development of the city of Denpasar. This study uses a qualitative method with a naturalistic approach. Observations in this study were carried out to see the phenomenon of spatial development that occurred in the Peri Urban Batububulan area with a radius of 2 km from the Batubulan Highway corridor as the center. Morphological developments were analyzed periodically over 5 periods of time, namely data on built up land in 1997, 2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017. This tenth period can describe the pattern of land use in 2017. This study found that the pattern of morphological development that occurred in the outskirts of Batubulan in the form of a ribbon/ribbon with symptoms of urban sprawl. The factors that cause the spatial morphological pattern that occurs are due to the emergence of new growth poles, the spatial implications of the development of the city of Denpasar (multiplier effect) towards the periphery and the development of primary arterial road corridors, Jalan Raya Batu Bulan and Jalan Prof. Ida Bagus Mantra.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN DESA WISATA BLIMBINGSARI BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN JEMBRANA, BALI
Authors: Cahyaningsih Ni Ketut Merlyn Agustin , Santhyasa I Komang Gede
Published: April 2022

Blimbingsari Village is one of the tourist villages in Jembrana Regency. This village is an acculturation village of Balinese culture with Christians. This village has a rural natural atmosphere that is still very natural and very well organized, so it is considered to have the potential for developing a tourist village. The purpose of this study was to determine and formulate the potential that exists in Blimbingsari Village as a tourism village and how to develop its potential strategy. This study uses a qualitative approach with SWOT analysis. The data in this study were taken through interviews, observation and documentation. The results of this study indicate that there are 9 (nine) potentials to be developed as tourist villages consisting of; (1) The potential of the grojogan waterfall; (2) jungle tracking (jungle exploration); (3) Balinese cooking class (Balinese cooking class); (4) Village tour (Village tour); (5) Snorkelling (6) Bird watching tour; (7) Local conservation and farm tour (8) Cycling tour; and (9) Traditional painting and decorations. Based on the results of the SWOT analysis, it was found that Blimbingsari Village is currently in the development stage. The development strategy is directed at 3 things, namely; (1) Build a characteristic that is easy to remember by the wider community that distinguishes Blimbingsari Village from other villages that have almost the same potential; (2) Improvement of infrastructure, facilities and utilities as support in the Blimbingsari Tourism Village area; and (3) Increase public awareness, especially people of productive age about the importance of tourism or the benefits of tourism development for efforts to support regional economic development and improve community health.
Level of knowledge and compliance of care for cancer patients with febrile neutropenia of nurses in the emergency service at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases, 2020 [Nivel de conocimiento y cumplimiento de los cuidados a pacientes oncológicos con neutropenia febril de las enfermeras del servicio de emergencia del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, 2020]
Authors: Suasnabar Reyes Sara Cecilia , Manchay Huacac Carmen Rosa
Published: April 2022

Febrile neutropenia in cancer patients is an oncologic emergency, due to immunosuppression that leaves the patient vulnerable to bacterial, fungal and viral infections that put his life at risk. Therefore, in addition to timely medical management, adequate nursing care is necessary to prevent or avoid complications.  Objective: To determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and compliance with care in oncologic patients with febrile neutropenia in nurses of the emergency department at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases.  Methodology: Quantitative approach study, descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional, descriptive method. Population: 58 nursing graduates working in the emergency service, 2 instruments developed by the researchers were applied, for the knowledge variable a questionnaire was used as an instrument, for the variable compliance with the care of the patient with febrile neutropenia a checklist was used.  Results: 86.2% of the nurses presented a high level of knowledge and 13.8% a medium level of knowledge. Regarding patient care compliance, it was found that 77.6% of the nurses performed regular care and 22.4% performed good care. Regarding the association of the variables, a p= .796 was obtained between the level of knowledge and care compliance and a Spearman's Rho coefficient (-.035), which determines that there is no relationship between the variables. Conclusions: In the present study it was evidenced that there is no relationship between the level of knowledge and care compliance in oncologic patients with febrile neutropenia in the nurses of the Emergency Department at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases.
Investigación de operaciones para desarrollar procesos de optimización en manejo forestal: determinación en campo de modelos multivariados
Authors:   Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Departamento de Producción Forestal, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guzmán Paredes Carlos Manuel , Gallegos Rodríguez Agustín , Hernández-Álvarez Efrén , Contreras Quiñones Héctor Jesús
Published: April 2022

The most widely used technique in operations research is linear programming, and one of the most widely used algorithms in thisfield is simplex method. The management of forest ecosystems is an ideal field to implement optimization models, since clear goalsmust normally be met, and the available resources are usually limited. The aspects involved are complex, several routes of actioncan be taken, and it is important in order to make the best decision. The simplex method, once objective function and restrictions areestablished, allows to consider all the possibilities, and make the decision that provides the greatest advantages. Undoubtedly, awrong decision can cause damage to forest ecosystem and economic losses, so a tool that helps in this work will always be a greatally. Once the problem has been formulated in mathematical terms, software or programming languages specialized are usuallyrequired, which can be a problem if access to computer equipment and internet connectivity is not the most appropriate. Mobiledevices such as cell phones, tablets, and programmable calculators have become small computers at an affordable price, withincreasingly powerful processors and a good amount of memory. This, coupled with availability of applications of simplex method,or even the ability to program it directly on these devices, makes it possible to have in the palm of hand tools that previouslyrequired very sophisticated computers. This work reviews the options currently available to run simplex method, both analyticallyand graphically, on portable devices. This topic is of interest to both professional and student of forestry sector.
Estructura de la diversidad en aves y reptiles en la localidad de Lipuntahuaca, Huehuetla, Puebla
Authors:   Universidad Intercultural del Estado de Puebla, Basilio-González R , Hernández-Guzmán K , Fajardo-Franco M.L ,   Universidad Interserrana del Estado de Puebla Ahuacatlán, Aguilar-Tlatelpa M , Molina-Mendoza P
Published: April 2022

The Sierra Norte de Puebla is an important region due to its high levels of wealth and biodiversity. The objective of the presentstudy was to identify the diversity structure of birds and reptiles, in areas of corn cultivation, coffee plantation and forest, throughdirect observations, image capture by means of a photographic camera, for its later identification in guides field. Four transects wereestablished, the first in forest, the second in coffee, the third in corn cultivation and the fourth in a mixture of the three vegetation’s.A total of 48 species of birds belonging to 13 orders, 20 families and 39 genera were identified. In the case of reptiles, 6 speciesbelonging to 1 order, 4 families and 4 genera. The coffee area presented the greatest diversity and richness of species, followed bythe forest area. In addition, 2 species that are subject to special protection and one threatened according to NOM-059 werevisualized, these species are: Aulacorhynchus prasinus, Psarocolius montezuma and Pionus senilis. For the group of reptiles aspecies was found which is: Aspidoscelis lineattissimus (subject to special protection). It is concluded that the coffee areas have thebest indices of richness, abundance and diversity of species, this may be due to the fact that they present greater benefits for theirdevelopment of birds and reptiles.
New Narratives, Racialization, Global Crises, and Social Engagement
Authors: Moura Hudson , Cooley Heidi Rae
Published: April 2022

These published proceedings draw from the various and impressive contributions to the III Interactive Film and Media Conference in August 2021. They are organized into five sections according to theme. In the first two sections, the papers concentrate on social engagement. The first set of papers focuses on racism in the time of COVID-19, indigenous identity and incarceration. The second involves interactive responses to social issues such as migration, sexual harassment, and refugees. Sections three and four foreground debates about the levels of interactivity experienced in films and games. In the third set of papers, the authors focus on the medium’s capacities to involve the player or the user in interactivity, while papers comprising the fourth set question the process of immersion and explore levels of interactivity more fully. Finally, in the fifth and final section, the papers focus on the environment of digital art, literature, and media, challenging our understanding of what is an “art” and “literature,” and what is “human” in a digital world.  Here we invite you to explore the published papers in the proceedings from the #IFM2021 Virtual Conference.
Barriers and facilitators to providing human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis decision support to black patients in Canada: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Guillaume Genevieve , Ramos S. Raquel , M'Rabiu Abubakari Gamji , Turner DeAnne Elizabeth , Ajiboye Wale , Yusuf Abban , Djiadeu Pascal , Odhiambo Apondi Judith , Pedersen Cheryl , Lofters Aisha , Williams Geoffrey , Nelson LaRon E.
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Healthcare settings can build towards a specific social environment, in which Black patients can make informed health decisions, including those about whether or not to use PrEP. We utilize self-determination theory for guidance to identify the extent to which current HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) decision support practices from healthcare professionals (HCP) are autonomy supportive. This identifies future developments and implementations of interventions for HCP capacity building to enhance the autonomy of Black patients who are considering using PrEP. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design for examining HCPs' perspectives on delivering quality PrEP usage-related decision support. Through a cross-sectional online survey of 24 HCP from 10 community-based health centers serving in Toronto, Canada, descriptive statistics were characterized in close-ended survey data and sample.  Open-ended survey responses were analyzed using Q- sorting methodology. Results: Of the HCP, 40%  were willing to provide PrEP decision support to Black-identified patients. HCP reported barriers of needing education about PrEP and available resources (96%) There’s a need for more education and resources to facilitate decision support for Black patients to improve decision support and reduce PrEP uptake disparities. Conclusion: It is imperative that cultural humility in healthcare is upheld to provide informed decision support since not only health conditions vary from patient to patient, but life experiences and background are equally crucial to the health status of that individual. Competence development among HCP can take the forms of providing training to increase cultural humility awareness, knowledge, and skills that can build towards an environment in which Black patients are informed about and for their health decisions.
Creation of a remote clinical practice curriculum for first year nursing students: Reflections and lessons learned
Authors: MacEachern Diane , Miranda Joyal , Cherney Shari
Published: April 2022

Introduction: A problem-based learning approach using intentionally created client profiles and nursing care summaries formed the foundation of a remote clinical experience for first year undergraduate nursing students. Methods: Using carefully designed client scenarios, care summaries and active learning strategies, students were introduced to the nursing profession and provided the opportunity to develop skills in collaboration, critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and clinical judgement. Results: Based on discussion with students, the remote experience assisted in the development of several skills addressing communication, theoretical foundation, and critical thinking. As well, this experience allowed for the integration and application of newly acquired nursing knowledge, and an enhanced understanding of the role of the professional nurse.   Implications: Significant lessons learned may serve other nursing programs around the world as we continue to navigate both current and future public health mandates while managing competing demands for in-person clinical practice sites. Conclusion: Face-to-face clinical experiences remain a critical component of comprehensive nursing education, however, given today’s climate and continued restrictions, a hybrid model, utilizing a remote platform, is worthy of further exploration.
Quality of Life, Anxiety, Depression and Psychological Distress in Patients with Cancer During the COVID 19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
Authors: Prabani KIP , HDWT Damayanthi
Published: April 2022

Introduction and Objectives: Quality of life (QOL) and psychological wellbeing deteriorate during the COVID 19 pandemic in patients with cancer. Purpose: This study aims to review the current evidence of QOL, anxiety, depression, psychological distress, and their inter-relationship in patients with cancer and survivors during the COVID 19 pandemic. Moreover, this study identifies factors associated with QOL and mental health in patients with cancer and survivors during the COVID 19 pandemic. Methods: An extensive electronic database search was conducted. Articles published in English assessing cancer patients and cancer survivors’ QOL and psychological wellbeing. Results: Twenty-seven articles with 22,134 participants were included. Concerns related to contracting COVID 19, along with potential treatment plans were predictors of impaired QOL. Advanced age, family support, being identified as a male and having less comorbid conditions were associated with the high level of QOL. Delay or change in treatment plan, contact with COVID 19 positive individuals, and emotional vulnerability were found to be independently associated with high levels of anxiety, depression, and distress. Conclusion: Health professionals, caregivers and support services should pay more attention on QOL and psychological wellbeing of the patients with cancer. Counselling sessions, support services should be established to improve their life satisfaction and wellbeing.
Understanding the Health and Well-being of Canadian Black Children and Youth during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Review
Authors: Kemei Janet , Salami Bukola
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated health inequities and vulnerabilities in our society, with the Black population being disproportionately affected. As previous pandemics have resulted in an increase in adverse events to children and youth, we reviewed the literature to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Black children and youth. We found Black children and youth experience psychosocial stressors related to uncertainties of the future. Differential gender effects related to COVID-19 are also apparent. Physical distancing related to the COVID-19 pandemic which resulted in differential impacts on physical activity levels in children. We also noted, increase levels of isolation may result in undetected child abuse. The review highlights the urgent need for multifaceted interventions that address disparities in social determinants of health and psychosocial needs of Black children and youth in Canada. Future research that addresses the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Black children and youth is needed to help create context-specific interventions.
Studying the effect of silymarin against oxidative stress induced by chemotherapeutic protocol in breast cancer women
Authors: Abdul Razzaq Bahir , Ghazal Mohammad R.I. , Al-Khazragy Khalid A. , Al-Rawaq Khudder Jasim
Published: April 2022

Breast cancer became the commonest type of cancers among Iraqi women since the last two decades. The main underlying cause is thought to be DNA damage; much of which is oxidative in nature. CAF protocol (Cyclophosphamide + Adriamycin + 5-FU) associated with toxic effects in several body organs, mainly through production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Silymarin, the dried extract of a ripe seeds of the plant silybium marianum, was found to be a powerful antioxidant protective agent against toxin -induced tissue damage .The objective of this study is to evaluate the possible time and dose-dependent protective effect of the orally administered silymarin as antioxidant agent against oxidative stress induced by CAF protocol (mainly Adriamycin) in breast cancer women. This study included 94 subjects, 20 were healthy control women (for matching with oxidative stress markers) and 74 were breast cancer women that randomly distributed and allocated into three groups:Group (A): Include 24 patients who received CAF protocol by I.V infusion once every 21 days and for 63days.Group (B): Include 25 patients who received 210mg/day of along with the same CAF protocol of group (A);Group (C): Include 25 patients who received 420mg/day of silymarin along with the same CAF protocol of group (A). Oxidative stress markers (MDA and GSH) were measured at baseline (zero time), after 21, 42, and 63 days of treatment for each patient group.Our results showed an increase in the oxidative stress for both baseline patients and those treated with CAF protocol, manifested by significant increase in MDA levels and GSH depletion, a state which is significantly reversed by use of silymarin, in a time and dose-dependent manner. Breast cancer and itsantineoplastic CAF protocol produce free radicals which attenuate antioxidant defense mechanism of the body leading to several toxic effects on different body organs, so the use of antioxidant agent (silymarin) in this study may ameliorate, in a time and dose-dependant manner,theharmfuleffects of this protocol.
In Vitro Inhibitory Effect of Cyperus rotundus L Crude Extracts on Mouth Isolates of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans
Authors: A. M. Najah
Published: April 2022

Streptococcus mutans is a normal flora bacteria found in human oral cavity, which cause dental caries and bad breathe oder. This project considered as an explorer study for the inhibitory effect of Cyperus rotundus L. crude extract on S. mutans and Candida albicans by agar well diffusion method.Extract of plant with three concentrations (8,16and 32 fold dilution of the MIC) were prepared and investigated for antibacterial activity. The minimal inhibitoryconcentration (MIC) against S. mutans of crude extract was 5 mg/ml. Crude extract also tested for antimicrobial susceptibility compared with standard antibiotic kanamycin. The three concentrations of the extract showed high effect on the growth of Streptococcus mutans. The means of inhibition zone diameters were 20.1, 23.4, and 25.2 mm for Streptococcus mutans. The largest inhibition zone 25.2 mm in diameter was observed in crude concentration 32 X MIC comparing to 17.3 mm in kanamycin.There was moderate effect of the three concentration of extract on the growth of Candida albicans, the means of inhibition zone diameters were 15.3, 20.1, and 21.0mm. The largest inhibition zone 21.0 mm in diameter was observed in crude 32 x MIC comparing to 16.7 mm in amphotreicin B.Although those results support the traditional use of Cyperus rotundus L. for the treatment of dental caries, further study is required for this medicinal plant.
Practices of women for Breast - Self Examination in The Medical-Technical Institute in Baghdad
Authors: B. H. Huda
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study is to identify the practices of women for Breast self examination, and to find out the relationship between women practices andsome variables (Age, level of education, information concerning to BSE, and case discovered.Descriptive analytical design of the study conducting on 110 woman's, starting from May 8th 2009 to the October 29th 2009, the questionnaire was composed of socio-demographic characteristics and 20 Items related to knowledge and practices of women regarding to BSE.It was found that most of the study sample at 31-40 years old and the majority of them have college education, Majority of the study sample have information about BSE, most of the study sample who were doing BSE was discovered breast mass during examination and 23% of mass discovered during examination was malignant, and there were highly significant between women practices of study sample for BSE and age, level of education, information concerning BSE and case discovered during examination at P≤0.05 level.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Pre-eclampsia Among Iraqi Pregnant women
Authors: Altaei Anmar , Mohammad Jumah Masoud
Published: April 2022

Pre-eclampsia is one of the most important gestational disorders that lead to both maternal and fetal bad outcomes. There are many risk factors that areassociated and augment the disease process of pre-eclampsia. Many hypotheses have been introduced to explain why such condition is obviously seen after 20 weeks¢ gestation. The most accepted of these relies on both immunological and vascular involvement. This clinical study was designed to evaluate and report the incidence of the most common risk factors that were associated with preeclampsia. One hundred pre-eclamptic patients and (60) normal pregnant women as controls were collected where all pregnant women received a detailed inquiry about their pregnancies, medical histories and antenatal cares. The study showed that there were certain risk factors significantly associated with pre-eclampsia incidence P<0.05 and these were gestational age (P-0.002), family history (P<0.001), multifetal pregnancy (P-0.009), previous abortion (P<0.001), medical history including UTI and DM (P<0.001) and social status (P-0.002),where as maternal age (P-0.81) and Rh factor (P-0.985) were insignificant risk factors for pre-eclampsia incidence.These findings suggest that gestational age, family history, multifetal pregnancy , previous abortion , medical history including UTI and DM and social status should be considered as important determent risk factors in the evaluation and diagnosis of pre-eclampsia by obstetricians
Comparative study between Metformin, Glibenclamide and their combination in newly diagnosed diabetic (type II) patients in Hawler City
Authors: D. S. Sazan , J.S. Kassim , N.H. Ansam
Published: April 2022

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex progressive disorder characterized by impaired insulin sensitivity, reduced insulin secretion and progressive failureof pancreatic β – cells. Type 2 diabetes therapies are initiated with lifestyle changes (diet, exercise) and pharmacologic agents, including oral antidiabeticdrug, among them: sulphonylurea (glibenclamide), Biguanide (metformin) and combination of them.The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of the drugs, both as monotherapy and in combination, and discussed evidence – based treatment.forty patients with (FPG of 167.9±3.5mg/dl; PPG of 276.3±5.4mg/dl; HbAlcof 8.1±0.2%) were received metformin (500mg tid), and 15 patients with (FPG of 165.1±4.3; PPG of 273.6±5.5; HbAlc of 7.9±0.2) were received glibenclamide (5mg once daily) monotherapy, 35 patients with (FPG of 179±4.1; PPG of 304.4±5.6; HbAlc of 7.9±0.1) were received glibenclamide/metformin (2.5mg/500mg bid) as combination therapy. Blood samples were withdrawn from the patients at pretreatment, then monthly for three months. After 3 months of treatment, patients who received glibenclamide/metformin combination (2.5/500mg) had greater reductions in FPG, PPG and HbAlc (-70.6mg/dl, - 125.3mg/dl, and -2.0% respectively), compared with metformin (-48.8mg/dl, and -88.5mg/dl, -1.6% respectively), or glibenclamide (-52.3mg/dl, -63.5mg/dl, 0.8% respectively). Metformin and glibenclamide/metformin combination had approximately similar effect in reduction of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low – density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared with glibenclamide alone which showed elevation.Metformin significantly increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol where as glibenclamide/metformin combination or glibenclamide alone did notshow that, also metformin reduces body weight significantly in contrast to glibenclamide/metformin and glibenclamide alone ( which is associated withweight gain).Metformin monotherapy and glibenclamide/metformin combination both are effective as an initial treatment of newly diagnosed diabetic patients in Kurdistan region (Hawler city). These two strategies reduced plasma glucose and HbAlc significantly, and both have favorable effect on serum lipid profile,but only metformin had a significant reduction of body weight in diabetic patients.
Interleukin -6 and C- reactive protein profiles in Hepatitis C virus patients
Authors: Abbas al-Tamimi Abbas Arrak
Published: April 2022

Forty four anti-HCV positive and twenty anti-HCV negative individuals were included in this study for the assessment of interleukin (IL)-6 concentrationsand the frequency of C-reactive protein (CRP). Data obtained were statistically analyzed for the significance of differences and correlation between parametersstudied.The results showed that CRP frequency was equal in anti-HCV positive and negative individuals, whereas IL-6 found to be elevated in 50% of anti-HCVpositive patients. HCV infection found to be positively associated in most cases with increased levels of IL-6.The results suggested that il-6 and CRP levels varied during the course of HCV infection and do not reflect the extent of liver inflammation in HCV patients.
Comparison between the Effect of Melatonin and Zinc sulfate in Prevention of cisplatin induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Al-Zubaidy Adeeb A. , Al-Salihy Dalia Abd Al Kader , Al-Abbassi Mustafa Ghazi
Published: April 2022

Cisplatin is an inorganic complex; the therapeutic effects of it are significantly improved by dose escalation. However high-dose therapy with cisplatin is limited by its cumulative nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. The aim of study was to compare between the effect of melatonin and zinc sulfate in prevention of cisplatin induced-nephrotoxicity in rats. Forty male albino rats weighing (200-250gm) were equally divided into four groups: normal group (0.2 ml isotonic saline group), control group "cisplatin group" (12 mg/kg cisplatin, single dose I.P.), melatonin group (15 mg/kg I.P.)prophylactically one day prior to cisplatin administration and continued for further 3 days, and zinc sulfate group (50 mg/ kg I.P.) prophylactically one day prior to cisplatin administration and continued for further 3 days.There was significant difference (p<0.05) between zinc sulfate and melatonin in reducing serum creatinine and BUN (melatonin more effective in reducing these parameters), and there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between them in reducing serum malondialdhyde (MDA) and increasing serum glutathione (GSH).As a conclusion, melatonin (15 mg/ kg I.P.) and zinc sulfate (50 mg/ kg I.P.) had protective effects against cisplatin- induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Melatoninwas found to be more effective than zinc sulfate in its ability to reverse the abnormal renal function and preventing histopathological changes
Synthesis, Structural Study, Antimicrobial Activity and Theoretical Treatment of 3d-metal Complexes Involving Schiff Base of Piperonal Derivative
Authors: Yousif Israa Qais , Alias Mahasin Faisal
Published: April 2022

New VO (II), Cr (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) Schiff base complexes derived from piperonal have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods, conductivity, metal analyses and magnetic moment measurements.The nature of the complexes formed in ethanolic solution was study following the molar ratio method. From the spectral studies, Octahedral geometry was suggested for all prepared complexes except Vanadium (IV) and zinc (II) complexes have square pyramidal and tetrahedral geometry respectively, Structural geometries of these compounds were also suggested in gas phase by using hyper chem-8 program for the molecular mechanics and semi-empirical calculations.The heat of formation and binding energy for the prepared compounds was calculated by using PM3 and ZINDO/1 methods. The method of PM3 was used for evaluate the vibration spectra for the imine and starting material as authentic compound.Preliminary in vitro tests for antibacterial and antifungal activity show that most of the prepared compounds display good activity to (Staphylococcus aureus), (Escherichia coli) and (Candida albicans)
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of New Mefenamic acid - Oxoazetidine Derivatives
Authors: Raauf Ayad M.R.
Published: April 2022

Several new oxoazetidine derivatives based on mefenamic acid were synthesized via a four steps method in good yields.1st step was prepared 2-[2-chloro-N-(2,3- dimethylphenyl)acetamido]benzoic acid (2) by condensation of mefenamic acid with chloroacetyl chloride, which on amination with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol to give 2-[N- (2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-hydrazinylacetamido] benzoic acid (3) in good yields(2nd step).Compound 3, on condensation with various aldehydes afforded a series of Schiff bases 2-[N- (2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-arylhydrazinyl)acetamido]benzoic acid (4a-f) (3rd step).A series of oxoazetidine have been synthesized by cyclocondensation of various Schiffm bases (4a-f) with chloroacetyl chloride or phenyl acetyl chloride in presence of triethyl amine to yield compounds (5a-f) and (6a-f), respectively (4th step). Purified compounds were characterized by mp, TLC, UV, FT-IR and elemental analysis.The synthesized compounds (5a-f) were screened for their antibacterial activities against three species of bacteria. They were found to exhibit good antibacterial activity.
Well- Differentiated Osteosarcoma Of The Rib
Authors: Mohieldeen Sameer
Published: April 2022

Primary osteosarcoma are one of the most common malignant bone tumors principally affecting the long bones in children and adolescent. Well differentiated osteosarcoma of the rib is extremely rare, there is no sex.Predominance and the mean age is in the third decade. The tumor has strong predilection for the long bones of the extremities, especially the metaphysis but may occur in the diaphysis. Radiological, the lesion shows no distinctive features, often simulating fibrous dysplasia or desmoplastic fibroma.I report a case of well differentiated osteosarcoma involving the (7th,8th,9th,) left ribs of 25-year-old male. This is a peculiar case of well differentiated osteosarcoma involving an unusual site.This patient underwent a wide excision of the tumor of the ribs and the pleura and chest wall reconstruction. The patient followed by courses of chemotherapy, and follow up for 22-monthes with no sign of recurrence. Classic microscopic feature of a ramifying osteoid matrix amidst the tumor cells was diagnostic of an osteosarcoma
Major Risk Factors For Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kadhim Ahmed Abbas
Published: April 2022

140 patients (89 males and 51 females) aged between 40-89 years were studied to identify the major risk factors among myocardial infarction patients from October 2010 to February 2011 in the intensive care unit ,respiratory care unit, and coronary care unit at Ibn Al-Betar for Cardiac Surgery and Al-kademia Teaching Hospitals in Baghdad city.For achieving this goal, a questionnaire type include data concerning the study was designed and the data were collected by interview method and review of patients records.They were confirmed as myocardial infarction cases by the cardiologists.The results of this study showed that 9.3 % of the sample had no risk factor while the majorty (90.7%) of the sample had at least one or more risk factors,also it's declared that themales (63.6 % ) were at higher risk of myocardial infarction (MI) than the females (36.4%) and most of MI(s) (81.4%) occured in people younger than 69 years old.The prevalent risk factors were hypertension (66.4%) and its prevalent was higher in males (40%) than in females (26.4%) , also high blood cholesterol (61.4%) , smoking(60.7%) , and type 2 diabetes mellitus (52.1%).Smoking was the most prevalent risk factor among males (49.3%) in relation to other risk factors, while hypertension was the main one among females (26.4%).The highprevalence of hypertension,blood cholesterol ,smoking, and diabetes mellitus in this study calls for an action plan by the primary health care team to prevent and control these riskfactors. More effort is needed to improve attendees, knowledge, and promote healthy attitudes and behaviour.
A Comparative Study of Neurocognitive Effects of Aluminum
Authors: K.M Sowdani
Published: April 2022

In this study, we investigated serum Aluminum levels of healthy individuals in suitability-randomly chosen three different regions of the world in relation to intellectual ability of randomly chosen 16 year male students. Based on socio-economical factors, and the availability of resources and trained staff, the plasma aluminum contents were measured for 30 volunteers from three towns; in UK-Tower Hamlets, KSA-Al-Dammam and Iraq-Almusaib.The latter’s candidates were found to have the highest levels of aluminum in their plasma. This might be attributed to the relatively high levels of aluminum in drinking water or the use of aluminum cooking scratched pans and pots other than stainless steel or properly coated cooking apparatus especially in frying. Dust is also a contributing factor. Spectrophotometric techniques were used to determine the concentration of Al in water and biological fluids.Throughout this study morin was used as the chelating agent. It gives a deep-yellow complex with aluminum with a maximum absorbance at 421nm. Acidified (0.0002M H2SO4)/ethanolic (50%) solution were used. Absorbance was measured at 421nm. Creatinine and urea levels were used to check for kidney function. They were within normal limits for all participants.The possible effects of aluminum level in plasma on intellectual ability for a randomly chosen sample of thirty 16 years old pupils in the three towns were studied. Average mathematics school official grades were plotted against plasma aluminum levels. Correlation coefficients indicate a possible link between aluminum levels in plasma with mental ability.
Prescribing Pattern and Rational use of Drugs in Al-Basrah Governorate Retail Pharmacies, Iraq
Authors: Hadi Al Tukmagi Haydar Fakhri
Published: April 2022

This study was designed to investing the drug prescribing pattern, the important factor to determine the rational or irrational use of drugs among patients dispensing their prescriptions from the private pharmacies in Al-Basrah governorate, Iraq for a period of 1 month.The data collected from prescriptions were calculated and analyzed according to the WHO prescribing guidelines.The data showed that the mean of drugs included in single prescription was 4%, and 13% of prescribed drugs were written as generic names; moreover, the percentage of antibiotics,corticosteroids and anxiolytics were 45.7%, 12% and 19.3% respectively. Those results indicate the irrationality of prescribing drugs when compared with the world health organization standard values of prescribing indicators; in addition to the bad prescribing pattern regardless of the degree of specialization of the physician, were 61% of those prescriptions have been written by specialized physicians.In conclusion, actual intervention and follow up, training on rational use of drugs and intervention strategies for prescribers is required to improve the rational use of drugs.
Design, Synthesis and Preliminary Pharmacological Evaluation of Mutual Prodrug of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Coupling With Natural Anti-Oxidants Via Glycine
Authors: Mahdi Monther Faisal , Dawood Ashour H. , Hussein Ahmed Kareem
Published: April 2022

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); naproxen and indomethacin have been conjugated with different antioxidants (thymol, menthol & guaiacol) having antiulcerogenic activity via glycine amino acid as spacer with the objective of obtaining NSAIDs-glycine- antioxidant prodrugs as gastrosparing NSAIDs devoid of ulcerogenic side effects and synergistically with anti-inflammatory action of glycine. Four mutual prodrugs (IIV) were synthesized using glycine as spacer and their structures were confirmed and characterized using elemental microanalysis (CHNO), IR, and some physiochemical properties.Invivo acute anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds (I & II) (naproxen derivatives) and the compounds (III & IV) (indomethacin derivatives) was evaluated in rat using an egg-white induced edema model of inflammation in a dose equivalent to 2.5 mg/Kg of naproxen, and 2 mg/Kg of indomethacin respectively.All tested compounds produced significant reduction of paw edema with respect to the effect of propylene glycol 50% v/v (control group). Moreover, the activity of compound III was significantly higher than that of indomethacin (at 2 mg/Kg), while compound IV expressed a comparable effect to that of indomethacin in the (120–300) minute time of the experiment, while compounds I&II was showed a comparable effect to that of naproxen at (180-300) minute time interval of the experiment. The result of this study indicates that these mutual prodrugs of naproxen & indomethacin maintained or may enhanced their antiinflammatory activity.
Microwave-assisted acid and base pre-treatment of cellulose hydrolysis
Authors: Jassim Khalid N.
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study is to hydrolysis the cellulose to glucose. The dilute acid and base hydrolysis of cellulose with hydrochloric, sulfuric acids sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide were undertaken alone, The conditions for the dilute acid and base hydrolysis were found to be 5% for both acids and bases at a temperature of 170°C and time 2 hours.It was found that the glucose yield by acid hydrolysis was 7.8% and by basehydrolysis was 8% .Then the dilute acid hydrolysis of cellulose with hydrochloric & sulfuric acids and the dilute base hydrolysis of cellulose with sodium and potassium hydroxide were undertaken in microwave oven for ten minutes only.The experimental data indicate that the use of microwave technology can successfully facilitate dilute acid hydrolysis and the dilute base hydrolysis of cellulose allowing high yields of glucose in short reaction times.These conditions gave a yield of 57% and 58% glucose by acids and base hydrolysis respectively. The microwave is the promising way to increase the glucose yield from cellulose
Impact of Training Neonatal Resuscitation Program uponNurse'sPractices in Operation Room
Authors: Khudhair Suad Hassoon , Ma’ala Eqbal Ghanim
Published: April 2022

The study aims to training program will be conducted to improve nurse practical skills toward neonatal resuscitation and find the relationship between the nurses' knowledge and their demographic characteristics.A Quasi experimental study was carried out in 4 teaching hospitals (Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Al-Karama Teaching Hospital, Al-karkh Hospital for Deliver, and Al- Kadhimiyia Teaching Hospital) in Baghdad City from the 14th August 2011 to 15th of May 2012. The sample of (40) nurses who are working in the maternal operation room and who are doing caesarean section in these hospitals. The data was collected through using constructed questionnaire which comprises (46) items and using specially constructed questionnaire, which comprises two parts. The first one is demographic characteristics and the second part for nurses' practices, the questionnaire used in pre test before application of the program and post test 1 immediately after the application of the program and post test 2 after (2) months and post test 3 application after (6) months later.The reliability of the questionnaire was determined through a pilot study and validity through a panel of experts. The data were analyzed through the application of descriptive statistic frequency, percentage, and the application of inferential statistical procedures, which include Pearson correlation coefficient and chi-square.
Evaluation of Anti-sperm Antibodies and Some Cytokines Profile in Seminal Plasma of Iraqi Infertile Males
Authors: Sulaiman Al-Assaf Anwar Idrees , Ad'hiah Ali Hussein , Kadri Zahraa Hussein , Abdul Al- Mageed Nahla Ghanim , Mustafa Leen Khalooq
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to investigate the role of seminal plasma anti-sperm antibody (ASA) and cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A and TNF-α) levels in the aetiopathogenesis of male infertility in a sample of Iraqi patients.A group of males with primary infertility attending Kamal Al-Samaraie Hospital, Center of Infertility and in vitro Fertilization (Baghdad) and Baghdad Teaching Hospital (Infertility Clinic) during the period March-August 2010 to October 2010 were enrolled in this study, in addition, 16 fertile males (control). Based on WHO criteria of 2010 for general seminal fluid analysis, the patients were distributed into three groups: azoospermic (AZO), Oligozoospermic (OLI), and asthenozoospermic (24 patients for each group). Anti-sperm antibody (ASAs) and cytokines levels were assessed in seminal plasma fluid by Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbant Assay (ELISA).The mean of seminal plasma ASAs in azoospermia and oligospermia patients, as well as, controls showed no significant difference (38.7, 41.2 and 43.8 U/ml, respectively), but the three means were significantly lower than the mean (55.4 U/ml) of these antibodies in asthenospermia.when patients and control were evaluated in terms of their positivity for ASAs, the highest frequency of positive cases was observed in asthenospermia patients (41.7%) followed by controls (25.5%), azoospermia (20,8%) and finally oligozoospermia (16.7%), but these differences were not significant when each group of infertility was compared with controls.The mean of IL-2, IL-10, and IL-17A levels in seminal plasma showed no significant difference between the four investigated groups, while the levels of three cytokines (IL-4, IL-13 and TNF-α) showed deviations in infertile patients, but such deviation was subjected to the type of investigated cytokine and type of infertility. Interleukin-4 and TNF-α were more significant in oligozoospermia patients, while IL-13 was exceptionally increased in asthenozoospermiapatients, and it seemed that the other investigated cytokines had no effect on azoospermia.
The Role of Anti-TNFα Therapy in the Amelioration of Disease Burden in Patients with Refractory Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Sheet Madha Mohammed , Kamel Laith Abdul-Elah , Farhood Jamal Nasser
Published: April 2022

To evaluate the changes in anti cyclic citrullinated peptide (Anti-CCP) antibodies,rheumatoid factor (RF), interleukins 17 and 10 (IL-17 and IL-10), high sensitivity C- reactiveprotein (hs CRP) and T regulatory cells (Treg) count following an anti TNF-α biological agent(etanercept) therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Refractory rheumatoid arthritis patients who failed treatment with DMARDs (diseasemodifying anti rheumatic drugs) were treated with etanercept for three months. Serum and bloodsamples were tested before and after therapy for six markers including ACCP, RF, IL- 10, IL 17,hs CRP, and Treg cell. A significant dropping down in the serum level of ACCP, RF and hs CRPwas documented 3 months after etanercept therapy. On the other hand a non- significant elevationin IL-10 serum level and peripheral blood Treg cell count, as well as a non significant droppingdown in the serum level of IL-17 were also reported. Etanercept is a successful anti-TNF-αtherapy in refractory RA patients for the first three months of the course therapy as indicated byclinical improvement and amelioration in 6 disease activity markers.
Alternative Culture Medium for Bacterial Growth Using Chicory Roots Extract.
Authors: Aziz Fitua Minuar
Published: April 2022

This is the first study to test the using of hot water extract of Cichorium intybus(chicory) of roots as alternative medium for Bacterial growth.The tested bacteria were: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Acinetobacter spp.The results showed heavy growth of all tested bacteria after incubation at 37oC for 24hrs.In conclusion, Cichorium intybus (chicory) roots medium is a good source of nutrients, in both solid and liquid media, due to it contains of proteins, fructoligosaccharide (inulin) and elements and can used as alternative medium.
Studying the Effect of LeutiniZing Hormone and Follicular Stimulating Hormone on Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome in Married and in Non-married Women
Authors: Shakir, Enas Waleed , Wafeq Shadha Abdul Jaleel , Abid Al Hussen Noor Al-Huda Ali
Published: April 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder in female during reproductive age. The aim of this study was to find out the correlation between LH, FSH hormone and LH: FSH ratio and polycystic ovary syndrome .The present study included 50 patients of polycystic ovary syndrome (25 married in age group ranged between 20-45 years and 25 unmarried women with age ranged between 15-18years) and a control group comprising of 30 women (15 married & 15 unmarried) in the same age. Blood samples were aspirated from individual from 2nd – 5th day menstrual cycle (early follicular phase) for those of normal cycle while for patients with Polycystic ovary syndrome blood sample were collected regardless to the duration of the cycle to measure FSH, LH, and LH:FSH ratio by using ELISA methods The results of this study showed the mean levels of LH and LH/FSH ratio significantly elevated in PCOS groups compared with normal groups in both married and unmarried women. We suggested that changes in the LH level and LH: FSH ratio has a role in polycystic ovarian syndrome.