bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of physical schemes in WRF model on cyclone simulations over Bay of Bengal using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test
Authors: Shenoy Meenakshi , Raju P. V. S. , Prasad Jagdish
Published: December 2021

Evaluation of appropriate physics parameterization schemes for the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is vital for accurately forecasting tropical cyclones. Three cyclones Nargis, Titli and Fani have been chosen to investigate the combination of five cloud microphysics (MP), three cumulus convection (CC), and two planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes of the WRF model (ver. 4.0) with ARW core with respect to track and intensity to determine an optimal combination of these physical schemes. The initial and boundary conditions for sensitivity experiments are drawn from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) global forecasting system (GFS) data. Simulated track and intensity of three cyclonic cases are compared with the India Meteorological Department (IMD) observations. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is applied to check the significance of the data obtained from the model. Further, Tukey’s test is applied for post-hoc analysis in order to identify the cluster of treatments close to IMD observations for all three cyclones. Results are obtained through the statistical analysis; average root means square error (RMSE) of intensity throughout the cyclone period and time error at landfall with the step-by-step elimination method. Through the elimination method, the optimal scheme combination is obtained. The YSU planetary boundary layer with Kain–Fritsch cumulus convection and Ferrier microphysics scheme combination is identified as an optimal combination in this study for the forecasting of tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal.
A success targeted nano delivery to lung cancer cells with multi-walled carbon nanotubes conjugated to bromocriptine
Authors: Kamazani Fatemeh Mohammadhosseini , Sotoodehnejad nematalahi Fattah , Siadat Seyed Davar , Pornour Majid , Sheikhpour Mojgan
Published: December 2021

In this research, a new nano drug-based multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was prepared and evaluated qualitatively. Bromocriptine (BRC) was conjugated to functionalized carbon nanotubes. Then, the CHNS, FT-IR, SEM, and RAMAN tests for characterization of the conjugated drug were done. The nanofluid-containing nano-drug was evaluated on lung cancer cells (A549 & QU-DB) and MRC5 by MTT and flow cytometry tests. Then, the gene expression studies of dopamine receptor genes were done before and after nano-drug treatment. After that, a western blotting test was carried out for further investigation of dopamine receptors protein production. Finally, Bax and Bcl-2 secretion were measured by the ELISA method in cells affected by MWCNTs-BRC Nf compared to untreated cells. The results showed that the nano-drug had a significant lethal effect on cancer cells, while it had no toxicity on MRC5. Also, the nano-drug could significantly induce apoptosis in lung cancer cells at a lower dose compared to the drug alone. In this study, a targeted nano-drug delivery system was designed, and its performance was evaluated based on neurotransmitter pathways, and the results showed that it may be useful in the treatment of lung cancer. However, additional studies on animal models are underway.
Allergenicity to worldwide invasive grass Cortaderia selloana as environmental risk to public health
Authors: Rodríguez Fernando , Lombardero-Vega Manuel , San Juan Lucía , de las Vecillas Leticia , Alonso Sofía , Morchón Eva , Liendo Diego , Uranga Marta , Gandarillas Alberto
Published: December 2021

Allergies to grass pollen affects about 20% of the population worldwide. In the last few decades, the South American grass Cortaderia selloana (CS, Pampas grass) has expanded worldwide in a variety of countries including the USA, Australia and Western Europe. In many of these locations, CS has strikingly spread and has now been classified an invasive species. Many pernicious consequences of CS have been reported for local biodiversity, landscape and structures. However, the effect on human health has not been studied. To investigate this issue, we have chosen a European region on the northern cost of Spain where CS spread is overwhelming, Cantabria. We obtained CS pollen extract and analysed the allergenic reaction of 98 patients that were allergic to pollen of local grasses. We determined the skin reaction and the presence of specific IgE antibodies (sIgE) to CS or to a typical autochthonous grass, Phleum pratense. We also compared the seasonal symptoms with reported grass pollen counts in the area. The results strongly suggest that CS can cause respiratory allergies at a similar extent to the local grasses. Given that CS pollinises later than the local grasses, this would extend the period of grass allergies in the region for about three months every year, as stated by most of the patients. This is the first study reported on the effects of the striking expansion of CS on human health. Considering the strong impact that respiratory allergies have on the population, our results suggest that CS can currently constitute a relevant environmental health issue.
Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation study of the secondary radiation fields at the laser-driven ion source LION
Authors: Tisi M. , Mares V. , Schreiber J. , Englbrecht F. S. , Rühm W.
Published: December 2021

At the Center for Advanced Laser Applications (CALA), Garching, Germany, the LION (Laser-driven ION Acceleration) experiment is being commissioned, aiming at the production of laser-driven bunches of protons and light ions with multi-MeV energies and repetition frequency up to 1 Hz. A Geant4 Monte Carlo-based study of the secondary neutron and photon fields expected during LION’s different commissioning phases is presented. Goal of this study is the characterization of the secondary radiation environment present inside and outside the LION cave. Three different primary proton spectra, taken from experimental results reported in the literature and representative of three different future stages of the LION’s commissioning path are used. Together with protons, also electrons are emitted through laser-target interaction and are also responsible for the production of secondary radiation. For the electron component of the three source terms, a simplified exponential model is used. Moreover, in order to reduce the simulation complexity, a two-components simplified geometrical model of proton and electron sources is proposed. It has been found that the radiation environment inside the experimental cave is either dominated by photons or neutrons depending on the position in the room and the source term used. The higher the intensity of the source, the higher the neutron contribution to the total dose for all scored positions. Maximum neutron and photon ambient dose equivalent values normalized to 109 simulated incident primaries were calculated at the exit of the vacuum chamber, where values of about 85 nSv (109 primaries)−1 and 1.0 μSv (109 primaries)−1 were found.
Reporter gene-based optoacoustic imaging of E. coli targeted colon cancer in vivo
Authors: Yun Misun , You Sung-Hwan , Nguyen Vu Hong , Prakash Jaya , Glasl Sarah , Gujrati Vipul , Choy Hyon E. , Stiel Andre C. , Min Jung-Joon , Ntziachristos Vasilis
Published: December 2021

Bacteria-mediated cancer-targeted therapy is a novel experimental strategy for the treatment of cancers. Bacteria can be engineered to overcome a major challenge of existing therapeutics by differentiating between malignant and healthy tissue. A prerequisite for further development and study of engineered bacteria is a suitable imaging concept which allows bacterial visualization in tissue and monitoring bacterial targeting and proliferation. Optoacoustics (OA) is an evolving technology allowing whole-tumor imaging and thereby direct observation of bacterial colonization in tumor regions. However, bacterial detection using OA is currently hampered by the lack of endogenous contrast or suitable transgene fluorescent labels. Here, we demonstrate improved visualization of cancer-targeting bacteria using OA imaging and E. coli engineered to express tyrosinase, which uses L-tyrosine as the substrate to produce the strong optoacoustic probe melanin in the tumor microenvironment. Tumors of animals injected with tyrosinase-expressing E. coli showed strong melanin signals, allowing to resolve bacterial growth in the tumor over time using multispectral OA tomography (MSOT). MSOT imaging of melanin accumulation in tumors was confirmed by melanin and E. coli staining. Our results demonstrate that using tyrosinase-expressing E. coli enables non-invasive, longitudinal monitoring of bacterial targeting and proliferation in cancer using MSOT.
Electron microscopy analysis of femtosecond laser-assisted capsulotomy before and after lens fragmentation
Authors: Mayer Wolfgang J. , Ohlmann Andreas , Schuh Anna , Priglinger Siegfried , Kohnen Thomas , Shajari Mehdi
Published: December 2021

Studying anterior lens capsule cutting edge profiles from femtosecond laser-assisted capsulotomy procedures performed before and after lens fragmentation. Twenty eyes (10 patients) with age-related cataract underwent femtosecond laser-assisted surgery (FLACS) using the Ziemer Z8 platform. First step of laser surgery was either capsulotomy (group first) or fragmentation (group second). One eye of each patient was assigned randomly, the second eye treated with the different sequence of procedures. After anterior capsule removal, tissue was fixed in cacodylate-buffered solution and cutting-edge profiles were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All cases had cataract grade 2 and 3 based on LOCS III grading. SEM analysis showed more smooth edges in the first group, especially in cases with pseudoexfoliation (P = 0.037); more tags and bridges and a significant number of staggered cutting patterns (7 out of 10 cases) in the second group. All cases evolved the same microgroves with “valleys and mountains “ as signs of the photodisruption process. Femtosecond laser capsulotomy should be performed before lens fragmentation minimizing the rate of cutting errors. Especially in eyes with advanced cataract, as intracapsular pressure may increase due to lens fragmentation without anterior capsular opening.
Characterization of COVID-19 outbreaks in three nursing homes during the first wave in Berlin, Germany
Authors: Roth Alexandra , Feller Silke , Ruhnau Andreas , Plamp Lena , Viereck Ute , Weber Kerstin , Maertens Dominic , Hoor Ilona , Gamradt Ronny , Freyer Pia , Wenke-Gellert Frank , Terjaew Andreas , Zintel Andreas , Markus Juliane , Gögelein-Mahfouz Ines , Savaskan Nicolai
Published: December 2021

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to the coronavirus family and is characterized by its high transmission competence. Elderly COVID-19 patients are at significantly higher risk of severe course of disease and death. Therefore, outbreaks in nursing homes are particularly challenging for facility managers and health authorities. Here, we report three outbreaks of COVID-19 related to nursing homes (NH01.a, NH02 and NH03) with almost 1000 affected individuals during the first COVID-19 wave in Berlin, Germany. The occurrence of cases and the measures taken were analyzed retrospectively. In all three outbreaks, the index persons were nursing home employees or volunteers. Measures taken were quarantine of contacts, close-meshed tests, separation of the affected housing unit, suspension of admission, ban on visiting, and equipping staff with personal protective equipment, of which there was a shortage in Germany at the beginning of the pandemic. A court-ordered quarantine became necessary for three residents of NH01.a due to cognitive disabilities. In total, 61 persons were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in NH01.a, ten persons in NH02, and sixteen persons in NH03. Seventeen patients (27.9%) of NH01.a and three patients (18.8%) of NH03 were referred to hospital. Of all confirmed cases, thirteen (21.3%) related to NH01.a and four (25.0%) related to NH03 died as a result of the infection. Besides one 82 year old volunteer, all deceased persons were residents aged between 66 and 98. Our results emphasize the importance of a previously developed containment and cluster strategy for nursing homes. Due to the particular vulnerability of the residents, immediate action, close cooperation and communication between the facility management, residents, visitors and the health authorities are essential in the case of confirmed COVID-19 cases in healthcare facilities.
Preparation of poly(ionic liquid@MOF) composite monolithic column and its application in the online enrichment and purification of tectochrysin in medicinal plants
Authors: Han Yamei , Wang Shan , Liu Yijie , Bai Ligai , Yan Hongyuan , Liu Haiyan
Published: December 2021

A poly(ionic liquid@MOF) composite monolithic column was prepared for online enrichment and purification of tectochrysin in medicinal plants.
Polymer-based self-assembled photonic crystals to tune light transport and emission
Authors: Priya  , Saini Sudhir Kumar , Nair Rajesh V.
Published: December 2021

Photonic crystals composed of polymer spheres display iridescence arising due to underlying periodicity that selectively inhibits the propagation of light at a certain wavelength, resulting in the strong reflection of a particular color.
Glycan shields for penetrating peptides
Authors: Gallego Iván , Montenegro Javier
Published: December 2021

We here describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of glycan shields for cell penetrating peptides.
Pd-catalyzed annulation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with coumarins and indoles: synthesis of benzofuran and indole fused heterocycles
Authors: Semwal Rashmi , Badhani Gaurav , Adimurthy Subbarayappa
Published: December 2021

Palladium-catalyzed annulation of 2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines for the synthesis of benzofuro[3,2-a]imidazo[5,1,2-cd]indolizines and 6-methyl-6H-imidazo[5′,1′,2′:3,4,5]indolizino[1,2-b]indoles with coumarins and N-methyl indoles has been described.
Bioinspired self-cleaning surface with microflower-like structures constructed by electrochemically corrosion mediated self-assembly
Authors: Bao Yulan , Fu Wenna , Xu Hui , Chen Yuxin , Zhang Hua , Chen Shuiliang
Published: December 2021

Flower-like microstructures with controlled surface wettability were constructed by the ECMSA process. The superhydrophobic surface demonstrates good antifouling properties and excellent self-cleaning performance and mechanical stability.
Electron counting in cationic and anionic silver clusters doped with a 3d transition-metal atom: endo- vs. exohedral geometry
Authors: Minamikawa Kento , Sarugaku Shun , Arakawa Masashi , Terasaki Akira
Published: December 2021

Cationic and anionic AgNM+/− (M = Sc–Ni) clusters are explored to examine the electron-counting rule. Among 18-valence-electron clusters, endohedrally doped ones are stable due to superatomic electron-shell closure involving delocalized 3d electrons.
Acid/base responsive assembly/dis-assembly of a family of zirconium(iv) clusters with a cyclic imide-dioxime ligand
Authors: Passadis Stamatis S. , Hadjithoma Sofia , Papanikolaou Michael G. , Keramidas Anastasios D. , Miras Haralampos N. , Kabanos Themistoklis A.
Published: December 2021

The hydrolytically stable dioxime ligand not only acts as an excellent metal sequestering agent but it can give rise to the formation of a family of Zr-clusters which can convert to each other via a reversible pH driven dis-assembly/re-assembly process.
Synthesis of the open-shell 3d-transition metal(ii) bis(phosphinidenide) [Mn{P(sIDipp)}2]
Authors: Weller Ruth , Balmer Markus , Hänisch Carsten von , Gunnar Werncke C.
Published: December 2021

The synthesis and characterization of the first homoleptic open-shell transition metal phosphinidenide is presented.
Selective 1,2 addition of polar X–H bonds to the Ga–P double bond of gallaphosphene L(Cl)GaPGaL
Authors: Sharma Mahendra K. , Wölper Christoph , Schulz Stephan
Published: December 2021

Gallaphosphene 1 reacts with a series of polar X–H bonds exclusively with 1,2 addition to the Ga–P double bond. The gallium atom serve as electrophile whereas the nucleophilic phosphorous atom is protonated by the H-acidic substrates.
PFAS fate and destruction mechanisms during thermal treatment: a comprehensive review
Authors: Longendyke Grace K. , Katel Sebica , Wang Yuxin
Published: December 2021

Our critical review provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art understanding of PFAS thermal behavior and destruction mechanisms under different thermal destruction technologies and further research needs.
One-pot, microwave-assisted copper(i)-catalysed dithiocarbamation: facile introduction of dithiocarbamate on imidazopyridines
Authors: Laxmikeshav Kritika , Sakla Akash P. , John Stephy Elza , Shankaraiah Nagula
Published: December 2021

Microwave-assisted dithiocarbamation of various imidazoheterocycles with in situ generated dithiocarbamates via a water-soluble Cu(i) catalyst using benign solvent, enabling catalyst recyclability, scalability, less reaction time and high yields.
Designer DNA biomolecules as a defined biomaterial for 3D bioprinting applications
Authors: Budharaju Harshavardhan , Zennifer Allen , Sethuraman Swaminathan , Paul Arghya , Sundaramurthi Dhakshinamoorthy
Published: December 2021

DNA can be rationally designed, synthesized, and modified/functionalized to enable pH, light, or ion-responsive self-assembling mechanism. These DNA bioinks can be used for the bioprinting of biological constructs by utilizing specific triggers.
Structure-engineering of core–shell ZnCo2O4@NiO composites for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Kamble Gokul P. , Rasal Akash S. , Chang Jia-Yaw , Kolekar Sanjay S. , Tayade Shivaji N. , Ghule Anil V.
Published: December 2021

The implementation of a structure-designed strategy to construct hierarchical architectures of multicomponent metal oxide-based electrode materials for energy storage devices is in the limelight.
The direct identification of quantum cutting in Tm3+ ions and energy transfer in the Tm3+/Yb3+ system based on a Ba2Gd2Si4O13 oxide host
Authors: Zhang Jia , Pei Yuqing , Ma Chunlin , Zhang Yining
Published: December 2021

Quantum cutting (QC) is an important physical process, the occurrence of which still needs further verification in different luminescent ions.
Enantioselective chiral sorption of 1-phenylethanol by homochiral 1D coordination polymers
Authors: Cao Winnie , Missen Owen P. , Turner David R.
Published: December 2021

Enantiomeric selectivity is shown within the pores of a 1D coordination polymer, dependent on the nature of the pore space.
Designing porous and stable Au-coated Ni nanosheets on Ni foam for quasi-symmetrical polymer Li–air batteries
Authors: Zhao Huimin , Liu Xiaoqiang , Zhang Qingwei , Yin Huixiang , Zhan Zhirong , Chi Zhenzhen , Yang Peilin , Li Zhenjiang , Guo Ziyang , Wang Lei
Published: December 2021

Au-coated Ni nanosheets on Ni foam (Au/NNS-NF) and Li-based Au/NNS-NF were prepared and further applied as air cathode and anode of quasi-symmetrical polymer Li–air batteries, respectively, which showed good electrochemical performances.
Preparation of biocompatible hydrogels reinforced by different nanosheets
Authors: Ito Taiga , Endo Saki , Sugahara Yoshiyuki , Tamate Ryota , Guégan Régis
Published: December 2021

Inclusion of different nanosheets derived from layered materials as a way to control the gelation of a hydrogel based on F127 tri-block copolymers functionalized with dimethacrylate (127-DMA).
Correction: Enhanced performance of porous forward osmosis (FO) membrane in the treatment of oily wastewater containing HPAM by the incorporation of palygorskite
Authors: Zhang Qianwen , Ding Wande , Zhang Huanzhen , Zhang Kefeng , Wang Zhili , Liu Jiayu
Published: December 2021

Correction for ‘Enhanced performance of porous forward osmosis (FO) membrane in the treatment of oily wastewater containing HPAM by the incorporation of palygorskite’ by Qianwen Zhang et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 22439–22449, DOI: 10.1039/D1RA02858H.
The influence of surface charge on the tumor-targeting behavior of Fe3O4 nanoparticles for MRI
Authors: Yue Saisai , Zhang Xin , Xu Yuping , Zhu Lichong , Cheng Junwei , Qiao Yuanyuan , Dai Suyang , Zhu Jialin , Jiang Ni , Wu Hao , Zhang Peisen , Hou Yi
Published: December 2021

The effect of surface charge on the tumor-targeting in vivo is different from that at cell level. The neutral nanoparticles exhibit stronger tumor uptake, while the charged ones accelerate the RES/MPS uptake, making their active-targeting useless.
Air-processed stable near-infrared Si-based perovskite light-emitting devices with efficiency exceeding 7.5%
Authors: Xu Xiaoxiao , Xiao Ke , Hou Guozhi , Zhu Yu , Zhu Ting , Xu Ling , Xu Jun , Chen Kunji
Published: December 2021

Two composite layers are used to enhance the efficiency of Si-based near-infrared perovskite light-emitting devices, which are produced in ambient air, and the external quantum efficiency increased to 7.5%.
A new photochromic-ligand-based luminescent coordination polymer as a MnO4− sensor with extremely high sensitivity and excellent selectivity
Authors: Lin Zhuo , Li Wenjing , Chen Quan , Chen Ling , Zhang Chi , Zhang Jinfang
Published: December 2021

A new dihydroanthracene-based photochromic ligand was developed to construct a photochromic luminescent coordination polymer as the first sensing application, which has resulted in an outstanding MnO4− sensor.
Dual‐band design and decoupling between two planar inverted‐F antennas using linear parasitic elements and bridge line
Authors: Phung Quang Quan , Nguyen Tuan Hung , Michishita Naobumi , Sato Hiroshi , Koyanagi Yoshio , Morishita Hisashi
Published: December 2021

In this study, a simple technique is proposed to simultaneously achieve dual‐band characteristics and low mutual coupling between two planar inverted‐F antennas (PIFAs), which is one of the most popular antennas used in handset terminals such as mobile phones. The PIFAs initially operate only at a single band at 2.0 GHz (UTMS band). Although several solutions have been proposed to increase the operating frequency band as well as reduce the mutual coupling between multiple‐input multiple‐output antennas, most of them require adjustment of the original antenna size or configuration. This would be disadvantageous if these methods are applied under design conditions that hinder the adjustment of the original antenna. The proposed method uses a combination of linear parasitic elements (LPEs) and a bridge line (BL) and then loads them onto PIFAs. The loading of LPEs increases the operating frequency band at 2.4 GHz, which can help the PIFAs achieve dual‐band operation. Furthermore, the BL transmits opposite‐phase currents to cancel the coupling current between the two PIFAs. Consequently, the mutual coupling can be reduced to less than −10 dB in the dual band without having to adjust the original PIFAs.
High‐resolution angle estimation method in partly calibrated subarray‐based bistatic multiple‐input multiple‐output radar with unknown non‐uniform noise
Authors: Hu Jurong , Baidoo Evans , Bao Zeng
Published: December 2021

Uniformly distributed white noise is often the desirable noise assumption for partly calibrated subarray‐based radar systems. However, this assumption may practically not always be guaranteed. In this study, the angle estimation problem of the partly calibrated multi‐subarray‐based bistatic multiple‐input multiple‐output radar, where intersubarray calibration errors and non‐uniform noise coexist, is considered. In addition, an inverse transformation‐based enhanced Capon method is proposed to adapt to such a challenging situation. First, the noise‐free covariance matrix of each subarray is obtained by formulating an imaginary selecting matrix following a covariance matrix invariance approach which performs an inverse transformation of the matrix. Thus, the noise identities at the different antennas of the subarray are estimated as nuisance parameters at the expense of the target signals. Second, assuming that the calibration within each subarray is well configured such that the steering vector of a subarray is known, knowledge is required of the intersubarray calibration mismatches. To this, a high‐resolution Capon estimator which applies a combination of root and local searching orientation of the antenna arrays is implemented. The proposed approach resolves the intersubarray calibration errors and ultimately leads to obtaining the joint direction of departure and direction of arrival estimation of the target. Evidence of the proposed algorithm's validity and effectiveness over existing methods is demonstrated in numerical simulations under varying conditions.
Accreting protoplanets: Spectral signatures and magnitude of gas and dust extinction at Hα
Authors: Marleau G.-D. , Aoyama Y. , Kuiper R. , Follette K. , Turner N. J. , Cugno G. , Manara C. F. , Haffert S. Y. , Kitzmann D. , Ringqvist S. C. , Wagner K. R. , van Boekel R. , Sallum S. , Janson M. , Schmidt T. O. B. , Venuti L. , Lovis Ch. , Mordasini C.
Published: December 2021

Context.Accreting planetary-mass objects have been detected at Hα, but targeted searches have mainly resulted in non-detections. Accretion tracers in the planetary-mass regime could originate from the shock itself, making them particularly susceptible to extinction by the accreting material. High-resolution (R> 50 000) spectrographs operating at Hαshould soon enable one to study how the incoming material shapes the line profile.

Aims.We calculate how much the gas and dust accreting onto a planet reduce the Hαflux from the shock at the planetary surface and how they affect the line shape. We also study the absorption-modified relationship between the Hαluminosity and accretion rate.

Methods.We computed the high-resolution radiative transfer of the Hαline using a one-dimensional velocity–density–temperature structure for the inflowing matter in three representative accretion geometries: spherical symmetry, polar inflow, and magnetospheric accretion. For each, we explored the wide relevant ranges of the accretion rate and planet mass. We used detailed gas opacities and carefully estimated possible dust opacities.

Results.At accretion rates ofṀ≲ 3 × 10−6 MJyr−1, gas extinction is negligible for spherical or polar inflow and at mostAHα≲ 0.5 mag for magnetospheric accretion. Up toṀ≈ 3 × 10−4 MJyr−1, the gas contributesAHα≲ 4 mag. This contribution decreases with mass. We estimate realistic dust opacities at Hαto beκ~ 0.01–10 cm2g−1, which is 10–104times lower than in the interstellar medium. Extinction flattens theLHα–Ṁrelationship, which becomes non-monotonic with a maximum luminosityLHα~ 10−4 L⊙towardsṀ≈ 10−4 MJyr−1for a planet mass ~10 MJ. In magnetospheric accretion, the gas can introduce features in the line profile, while the velocity gradient smears them out in other geometries.

Conclusions.For a wide part of parameter space, extinction by the accreting matter should be negligible, simplifying the interpretation of observations, especially for planets in gaps. At highṀ, strong absorption reduces the Hαflux, and some measurements can be interpreted as twoṀvalues. Highly resolved line profiles (R~ 105) can provide (complex) constraints on the thermal and dynamical structure of the accretion flow.
Characterization of exoplanetary atmospheres through a model-unbiased spectral survey methodology
Authors: Lira-Barria A. , Rojo P. M. , Mendez R. A.
Published: December 2021

Context. Collecting a large variety of exoplanetary atmosphere measurements is crucial to improve our understanding of exoplanets. In this context, it is likely that the field would benefit from broad species surveys, particularly using transit spectroscopy, which is the most successful technique of exoplanetary atmosphere characterization so far.

Aims. Our goal is to develop a model-unbiased technique using transit spectroscopy to analyze every qualified atomic spectral line in exoplanetary transit data, and search for relative absorption, that is, a decrease in the flux of the line when the planet is transiting.

Methods. We analyzed archive data from HDS at Subaru, HIRES at Keck, UVES at VLT, and HARPS at LaSilla to test our spectral survey methodology. It first filtered individual lines by relative noise levels. It also corrected for spectral offsets and telluric contamination. Our methodology performed an analysis along time and wavelength. The latter employed a bootstrap corroboration.

Results. We highlight the possible detections of Mn I and V II in HD 209459b data taken by HDS at Subaru (5.9σ at 5916.4 Å, 5.1σ at 6021.8 Å). The previous detection of Ca I in the same planet is classified as inconclusive by our algorithm, but we support the previous detection of Sc II (3.5σ at 6604.6 Å). We also highlight the possible detection of Ca I, Sc II, and Ti II in HD 189733 data taken by UVES at VLT (4.4σ at 6572.8 Å, 6.8σ at 6604.6 Å, and 3.5σ at 5910.1 Å), in addition to the possible detection of Al I in WASP-74b data taken by UVES at VLT (5.6σ at 6696.0 Å).
Accretion processes in the galaxy cluster Hydra A/Abell 780
Authors: Girardi M. , Boschin W. , Nonino M. , Innocentin C. , De Grandi S.
Published: December 2021

Context. Clusters of galaxies evolve and accrete mass, mostly from small galaxy systems.

Aims. Our aim is to study the velocity field of the galaxy cluster Abell 780, which is known for the powerful radio source Hydra A at its center and where a spectacular X-ray tail associated with the galaxy LEDA 87445 has been discovered.

Methods. Our analysis is based on the new spectroscopic data for hundreds of galaxies obtained with the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo and the Very Large Telescope. We have constructed a redshift catalog of 623 galaxies and selected a sample of 126 cluster members. We analyzed the internal structure of the cluster using a number of techniques.

Results. We estimate the mean redshift z = 0.0545, the line-of-sight velocity dispersion σV ∼ 800 km s−1, and the dynamical mass M200 ∼ 5.4 × 1014 M⊙. The global properties of Abell 780 are typical of relaxed clusters. On a smaller scale, we can detect the presence of a galaxy group associated with LEDA 87445 in projected phase space. The mean velocity and position of the center of the group agree well with the velocity and position of LEDA 87445. We estimate the following parameters of the collision. The group is characterized by a higher velocity relative to the main system. It is infalling at a rest frame velocity of Vrf ∼ +870 km s−1 and lies at a projected distance of D ∼ 1.1 Mpc to the south, slightly southeast of the cluster center. The mass ratio of the group to the cluster is ∼1:5. We also find evidence of an asymmetry in the velocity distribution of galaxies in the inner cluster region, which might be related to a small low-velocity group detected as a substructure at Vrf ∼ −750 km s−1.

Conclusions. We conclude that A780, although dynamically relaxed at first sight, contains small substructures that may have some impact on the energetics of the core region.
Should We Look beyond Revised International Prognostic Scoring System: A Retrospective Observational Study of Progression of Myelodysplastic Syndrome to Acute Leukemia
Authors: Nagarjun Bangalore Rammohan , Kalaharaghini Rajashekar , Sawhney Jyoti , Trivedi Pina J. , Dhandapani Karthik , Parikh Biren
Published: December 2021

Introduction Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal stem cell disorder and heterogeneous condition resulting in peripheral cytopenias with marrow dysplasia due to ineffective hematopoiesis. The revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) predicts the risk of progression to acute leukemia (AL). Indian data on MDS and its progression to AL are limited. Additionally, the cytogenetic findings are dictated by patients' racial background. Study intended to analyze the cytogenetic profile of the patients with MDS.

Objectives This study aimed to (1) evaluate the clinicohematologic and morphologic spectrum of newly diagnosed MDS cases, (2) evaluate the cytogenetic profile of these cases, and (3) study the cases progressed to AL.

Materials and Methods MDS cases diagnosed and followed-up during a 5-year study period, from January 2015 to December 2019, were included in the study and the study was conducted at regional cancer center in Western India. De novo diagnosed MDS cases with complete workup were considered and MDS due to secondary causes were excluded. Baseline clinical, hematologic findings were tabulated along with cytogenetics and risk stratified as per IPSS-R, and their progression was studied.

Results A total of 63 cases of de novo MDS were diagnosed over a period of 5 years with 45 cases on follow-up and 15 cases (33.3%) progressed to AL. Maximum number of cases belonged to MDS-excess blast (EB) category accounting to 48 cases (76.1%). Apparently normal karyotyping was the commonest cytogenetic finding in 33 MDS cases (61.2%) and in 8 cases that progressed to AL (53.4%).

Conclusion MDS cases diagnosed at relatively early age were at higher risk of progression to AL. Majority of the cases that progressed to AL were risk stratified in high and very high risk groups and 10 cases which progressed to AL belonged to good category, interestingly apparent normal karyotyping was the commonest cytogenetic finding in more than 50% of the cases progressed to AL. Molecular mutations could only explain this progression and studies integrating molecular mutations with present IPSS-R scoring system should be conducted, as it could translate into better risk stratification and help in early identification and better management of cases at risk in progression to AL.
Surgical Epicondylar Axis of the Knee and Its Relationship to the Axial Tibia Alignment in Knee Osteoarthritis: The Concept of Proximal Twist Tibia
Authors: Farinelli Luca , Baldini Marco , Faragalli Andrea , Carle Flavia , Ulisse Serena , Gigante Antonio
Published: December 2021

The proximal tibia and distal femur are intimately linked with the biomechanics of the knee and they are to be considered in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the proximal tibial torsion (PTT) in relation to surgical epicondylar axis (SEA) in a healthy cohort and a pathological cohort affected by knee osteoarthritis (OA). We retrospectively analyzed computed tomography of OA knee of 59 patients before they underwent TKA and nonarthritic knee of 39 patients as control. Posterior condylar angle (PCAn), femoral tibial torsion (SEA-proximal tibial condyle [PTC] and SEA-PTT), PTT (PTC-PTT and posterior condylar axes [PCAx]-PTC), and distance between tibial tuberosity and the trochlear groove (TT-TG) were measured. No differences were found for gender, age, TT-TG, and PCAn angles. Statistically significant differences were found for all the other angles considered. Significant correlation was found between tibial torsion and SEA-PTT angles, between PCAx-PTC and SEA-PTC, between SEA-PTT and SEA-PTC, and between PCAx-PTC and SEA-PTT. All measures, except TT-TG and PCAn angles, showed high validity (area under the curve [AUC] > 75%) in associating with OA, with SEA-PTT displaying the highest validity with an AUC of 94.38%. This is the first study to find significant differences in terms of proximal tibia geometry and anatomy between nonarthritic and OA knees. From our results, we reported that OA group was characterized by a greater internal rotation of tibia with respect to SEAs compared with control group. Since the design of the study cannot evaluate a cause–effect relationship, further studies need to be performed to assess the potential implications of these anatomic differences for knee OA and arthroplasty surgeries.
The Learning Curve of Reaching the Planned Limb Alignment in Robotic-Arm-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Pannu Tejbir S. , Villa Jesus M. , Schultz Isaac , Barsoum Wael K. , Higuera Carlos A. , Patel Preetesh D.
Published: December 2021

Evidence on the learning curve associated with robotic-arm-assisted total knee arthroplasty (ra-TKA) is scarce and mostly based on operative time. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess a surgeon's learning experience based on accuracy to reach planned limb alignment and its impact on surgical-characteristics, limb-alignment, and perioperative-outcomes. A retrospective chart review was conducted on a consecutive series of 204 primary ra-TKAs (patients), performed by a single surgeon in a single institution (3/7/2018-to-6/18/2019). Cumulative summation control sequential analysis was used for the assessment of the learning curve using accuracy of reaching the planned limb alignment establishing that surgeries had an initial-learning-phase, followed by a second-consolidation-phase. Baseline demographics, operative/tourniquet times, prosthesis type, and limb alignment were compared between these two phases. Length of stay, discharge disposition, complications, reoperation/readmission (90 days), and total morphine equivalents (TMEs) prescribed were compared between phases. Independent sample t-tests, and chi-squared analyses were performed. ra-TKA demonstrated a learning curve of 110 cases for reaching planned limb alignment (p = 0.012). Robotic experience resulted in significantly more proportion of knees in neutral-axis postoperatively (p = 0.035) and significant reduction in TMEs prescribed (p = 0.04). The mean operative and tourniquet time were found to be significantly lower in second-phase versus the first-phase (p for both < 0.0001). ra-TKA has a significant learning curve in clinical practice. A surgeon can reach the planned limb alignment with increased accuracy over time (110-cases). Progressive robotic learning and associated operative time efficiency can lead to significantly lower opioid consumption in patients undergoing TKA.
Influence of wolfram fibre content on dynamic mechanical behaviour of aluminium/polytetrafluoroethylene composites
Authors: He Liping , Tang Enling , Han Yafei , Chen Chuang , Chang Mengzhou , Guo Kai
Published: December 2021

Based on the traditional aluminium/polytetrafluoroethylene (Al/PTFE) (volume percentage ratio of PTFE and Al is 77.4%:22.6%) reactive materials, four types of specimens are prepared by adding wolfram (W) fibres with volume percentages of 0%, 4%, 16.3% and 29.6%, respectively. The dynamically experimental results show that the stress-strain curve can be divided into the elastic, hardening and failure stages. However, the impact reaction process of PTFE/Al/W fibre can be regarded as deformation, failure and combustion. When the volume percentage of W fibre is 29.6%, the failure strength reaches 295 MPa, which is due to the insufficient strength of the matrix rather than that of the contact position between the matrix and W fibre by combining with the SEM analysis.
Pure voltage-driven spintronic neuron based on stochastic magnetization switching behaviour
Authors: Yuan Jia-Hui , Chen Ya-Bo , Dou Shu-Qing , Wei Bo , Cui Huan-Qing , Song Ming-Xu , Yang Xiao-Kuo
Published: December 2021

Voltage-driven stochastic magnetization switching in a nanomagnet has attracted more attention recently with its superiority in achieving energy-efficient artificial neuron. Here, a novel pure voltage-driven scheme with ∼27.66 aJ energy dissipation is proposed, which could rotate magnetization vector randomly using only a pair of electrodes covered on the multiferroic nanomagnet. Results show that the probability of 180° magnetization switching is examined as a sigmoid-like function of the voltage pulse width and magnitude, which can be utilized as the activation function of designed neuron. Considering the size errors of designed neuron in fabrication, it’s found that reasonable thickness and width variations cause little effect on recognition accuracy for MNIST hand-written dataset. In other words, the designed pure voltage-driven spintronic neuron could tolerate size errors. These results open a new way toward the realization of artificial neural network with low power consumption and high reliability.
Deep-learning and radiomics ensemble classifier for false positive reduction in brain metastases segmentation
Authors: Yang Zi , Chen Mingli , Kazemimoghadam Mahdieh , Ma Lin , Stojadinovic Strahinja , Timmerman Robert , Dan Tu , Wardak Zabi , Lu Weiguo , Gu Xuejun
Published: December 2021

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is now the standard of care for brain metastases (BMs) patients. The SRS treatment planning process requires precise target delineation, which in clinical workflow for patients with multiple (>4) BMs (mBMs) could become a pronounced time bottleneck. Our group has developed an automated BMs segmentation platform to assist in this process. The accuracy of the auto-segmentation, however, is influenced by the presence of false-positive segmentations, mainly caused by the injected contrast during MRI acquisition. To address this problem and further improve the segmentation performance, a deep-learning and radiomics ensemble classifier was developed to reduce the false-positive rate in segmentations. The proposed model consists of a Siamese network and a radiomic-based support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The 2D-based Siamese network contains a pair of parallel feature extractors with shared weights followed by a single classifier. This architecture is designed to identify the inter-class difference. On the other hand, the SVM model takes the radiomic features extracted from 3D segmentation volumes as the input for twofold classification, either a false-positive segmentation or a true BM. Lastly, the outputs from both models create an ensemble to generate the final label. The performance of the proposed model in the segmented mBMs testing dataset reached the accuracy (ACC), sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE) and area under the curve of 0.91, 0.96, 0.90 and 0.93, respectively. After integrating the proposed model into the original segmentation platform, the average segmentation false negative rate (FNR) and the false positive over the union (FPoU) were 0.13 and 0.09, respectively, which preserved the initial FNR (0.07) and significantly improved the FPoU (0.55). The proposed method effectively reduced the false-positive rate in the BMs raw segmentations indicating that the integration of the proposed ensemble classifier into the BMs segmentation platform provides a beneficial tool for mBMs SRS management.
Thermionic electron emission in the 1D edge-to-edge limit
Authors: Zhang Tongyao , Wang Hanwen , Xia Xiuxin , Qin Chengbing , Li Xiaoxi
Published: December 2021

Thermionic emission is a tunneling phenomenon, which depicts that electrons on the surface of a conductor can be pulled out into the vacuum when they are subjected to high electrical tensions while being heated hot enough to overtake their work functions. This principle has led to the great success of the so-called vacuum tubes in the early 20th century. To date, major challenges still remain in the miniaturization of a vacuum channel transistor for on-chip integration in modern solid-state integrated circuits. Here, by introducing nano-sized vacuum gaps (∼ 200 nm) in a van der Waals heterostructure, we successfully fabricated a one-dimensional (1D) edge-to-edge thermionic emission vacuum tube using graphene as the filament. With the increasing collector voltage, the emitted current exhibits a typical rectifying behavior, with the maximum emission current reaching 200 pA and an ON–OFF ratio of 103. In addition, it is found that the maximum emission current is proportional to the number of the layers of graphene. Our results expand the research of nano-sized vacuum tubes to an unexplored physical limit of 1D edge-to-edge emission, and hold great promise for future nano-electronic systems based on it.
Evolution of donations on scale-free networks during a COVID-19 breakout
Authors: Wang Xian-Jia , Wang Lin-Lin
Published: December 2021

Having a large number of timely donations during the early stages of a COVID-19 breakout would normally be considered rare. Donation is a special public goods game with zero yield for donors, and it has the characteristics of the prisoners’ dilemma. This paper discusses why timely donations in the early stages of COVID-19 occurred. Based on the idea that donation is a strategy adopted by players during interconnection on account of their understanding of the environment, donation-related populations are placed on social networks and the inter-correlation structures in the population are described by scale-free networks. Players in donation-related populations are of four types: donors, illegal beneficiaries, legal beneficiaries, and inactive people. We model the evolutionary game of donation on a scale-free network. Donors, illegal beneficiaries and inactive people learn and update strategies under the Fermi update rule, whereas the conversion between legal beneficiaries and the other three types is determined by the environment surrounding the players. We study the evolution of cooperative action when the agglomeration coefficient, the parameters of the utility function, the noise intensity, the utility coefficient, the donation coefficient and the initial states of the population on the scale-free network change. For population sizes of 50, 100, 150, and 200, we give the utility functions and the agglomeration coefficients for promoting cooperation and study the corresponding steady states and structural characteristics of the population. We identify the best ranges of the noise intensity K, the donation coefficient α and the utility coefficient β for promoting cooperation at different population sizes. Furthermore, with the increase of the population size, the donor traps are found. At the same time, it is discovered that the initial states of the population have a great impact on the steady states; thus the upper and lower triangle phenomena are proposed. We also find that the population size itself is also an important factor for promoting donation, pointing out the direction of efforts to further promote donation and achieve better social homeostasis under the donation model.
Dual-Band Millimeter Wave Microstrip Patch Antenna with StubResonators for 28/38 GHz Applications
Authors: Sabek Ayman R , Ibrahim Ahmed A , Ali Wael A
Published: December 2021

A dual band monopole antenna with triangle stubs operated at 28/38 GHz applications is introduced. The introduced dual band antenna is used for next 5G applications. The introduced antenna is designed on a Rogers RT 4003 with height h = 0.203 mm, dielectric constant ɛr = 3.55 and over dimensions of 12×12×0.237 mm3. The simulated results show that the presented design has two bands, the first one is from 25.9 to 30.4 GHz and the second is from 36.4 to 40.2 GHz with peak gain of 4.54 dB, 4.21 dB in the first and second frequencies respectively. The simulated radiation efficiency for the first and second frequencies is 94% and 96.6%, respectively. There are some small discrepancies between simulated and measured findings due to the fabrication and measurement equipment.