bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TOMADA DE DECISÃO RACIONAL E EXPERIENCIAL NO PROJETO DE PRODUTOS
Authors: Rosa Valentina Marques da , Mandelli Roberta Rech , Brust-Renck Priscila G. , Tonetto Leandro Miletto
Published: February 2018

Diversos estudos referentes à tomada de decisões permitem observar que profissionais utilizam um dos dois sistemas para definir seus projetos: o racional (sistema inferencial ou analítico que opera através de regras de raciocínio, relativamente livres de emoção) ou experiencial/intuitivo (aprendizagem ou sistema automático que está intimamente associado com elementos emocionais). Profissionais de áreas relacionadas à criatividade podem muitas vezes precisar tomar decisões sem muitos dados concretos, necessitando utilizar da sua intuição. Com isso em mente, o presente artigo apresenta um estudo que tem como objetivo avaliar o processo de tomada de decisão de designers de produto em comparação com outros profissionais que atuam na mesma área (Engenheiros e Arquitetos). Com esse propósito, foi utilizado o Inventário Racional-Experimental (Rational-Experiential Inventory - REI). De forma geral, os resultados mostraram uma diferença significativa entre os engenheiros e os outros profissionais: eles tomam decisões baseando-se em um sistema mais racional e menos experiencial do que os arquitetos e designers, mas diferenças consistentes entre designers e arquitetos não foram identificadas.
Polarity-dependent Effects of Biparietal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on the Interplay between Target Location and Distractor Saliency in Visual Attention
Authors: Chechlacz Magdalena , Hansen Peter C. , Geng Joy J. , Cazzoli Dario
Published: February 2018

Visual attention allows the allocation of limited neural processing resources to stimuli based on their behavioral priorities. The selection of task-relevant visual targets entails the processing of multiple competing stimuli and the suppression of distractors that may be either perceptually salient or perceptually similar to targets. The posterior parietal cortex controls the interaction between top–down (task-driven) and bottom–up (stimulus-driven) processes competing for attentional selection, as well as spatial distribution of attention. Here, we examined whether biparietal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) would modulate the interaction between top–down and bottom–up processes in visual attention. Visual attention function was assessed with a visual discrimination task, in which a lateralized target was presented alone or together with a contralateral, similar or salient, distractor. The accuracy and RTs were measured before and during three stimulation sessions (sham, right anodal/left cathodal, left anodal/right cathodal). The analyses demonstrated (i) polarity-dependent effects of tDCS on the accuracy of target discrimination, but only when the target was presented with a similar distractor; (ii) the tDCS-triggered effects on the accuracy of discriminating targets, accompanied by a similar distractor, varied according to the target location; and (iii) overall detrimental effects of tDCS on RTs were observed, regardless of target location, distractor type, and polarity of the stimulation. We conclude that the observed polarity, distractor type, and target location-dependent effects of biparietal tDCS on the accuracy of target detection resulted from both a modulation of the interaction between top–down and bottom–up attentional processes and the interhemispheric competition mechanisms guiding attentional selection and spatial deployment of attention.
Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.
Authors: PENNESI Chiara , MAJEWSKA ROKSANA , STERRENBURG FRITHJOF A.S. , TOTTI CECILIA , DE STEFANO MARIO
Published: February 2018

We present here an ultrastructure-based revision of the diatom genus Anorthoneis using both light (LM) and electron microscopy (SEM). The original slides and type material of all known Anorthoneis species were analysed and new, previously unseen, morphological features of the frustules, such as rota-like vela and ligulate structures around the valve margin, were revealed. The phylogenetic relationships among Anorthoneis taxa were investigated based on morphological characters using a maximum parsimony method. This analysis indicated a large, well-supported clade that included taxa that exhibited similarities in external and internal details of the central areas in both raphe-sternum and sternum valves. Revealed synapomorphies within the genus include externally and internally transversely dilated central area on both sides of the raphe-sternum valve, externally transversely dilated central area on both sides of the sternum valve, sternum valve striae parallel at the center and radiate at the apices, and areolae with hymenes in both valves. During a survey a new species Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov., was found on seagrass leaves collected from Siladen Island (Indonesia). This taxon is sister to A. hyalina, but can be easily differentiated from the latter by smaller valve dimensions, central area size and shape, and rota-like vela occluding sternum valve areolae - a feature that has never been observed in other Anorthoneis taxa.
An annotated checklist of the Algerian Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda)
Authors: GHAOUACI SOUAD , AMAROUAYACHE MOUNIA , SINEV ARTEM Y. , KOROVCHINSKY NIKOLAI M. , KOTOV ALEXEY A.
Published: February 2018

We present an annotated checklist of the Cladocera (orders Ctenopoda and Anomopoda) from the continental waters of Algeria, based on published records and original data from analysis of samples from 112 water bodies collected in 2012-2016 in humid and semi-arid regions of the country. Thirty six species have been identified in this study. Three taxa (Daphnia obtusa, D. mediterranea and Ceriodaphnia cf. quadrangula, being an undetermined taxon belonging to the Ceriodaphnia genus) are new to Algeria and eight (Daphnia curvirostris, D. galeata, Macrothrix dadayi, Scapholeberis rammneri, Acroperus angustatus, Ovalona nuragica, O. orellanai and Coronatella anemae) are new to the Maghreb in general. The number of Cladoceran species recorded in Algeria has been raised to 81. More sampling efforts are needed to make this list more complete.
Central-Eastern China Persistent Heat Waves: Evaluation of the AMIP Models
Authors: Freychet N. , Tett S. F. B. , Hegerl G. C. , Wang J.
Published: February 2018

Large-scale and persistent heat waves affecting central-eastern China are investigated in 40 different simulations of sea surface temperature driven global atmospheric models. The different models are compared with results from reanalysis and ground station datasets. It is found that the dynamics of heat-wave events is well reproduced by the models. However, they tend to produce too-persistent heat-wave events (lasting more than 20 days), and several hypotheses were tested to explain this bias. The daily variability of the temperatures or the seasonal signal did not explain the persistence. However, interannual variability of the temperatures in the models, and especially the sharp transition in the mid-1990s, has a large impact on the duration of heat waves. A filtering method was applied to select the models closest to the observations in terms of events persistence. The selected models do not show a significant difference from the other models for the long-term trends. Thus, the bias on the duration of the events does not impact the reliability of the model positive trends, which is mainly controlled by the changes in mean temperatures.
The Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy In Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia Following Lower Limb Angiography
Authors: Cury Marcus Vinícius Martins , Matielo Marcelo Fernando , Brochado Neto Francisco Cardoso , Soares Rafael de Athayde , Adami Vinícius Lopes , Morais Jalíese Dantas Fernandes , Futigami Aline Yoshimi , Sacilotto Roberto
Published: February 2018

Intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is commonly used for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI). The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with CLI and to assess their outcomes. Between May 2013 and May 2014, a prospective and observational study was conducted with 107 patients admitted exclusively for CLI treatment. The main outcomes included hemodialysis independence (HI) and overall survival (OS), as assessed by Kaplan-Meier curves. Overall, there was a predominance of males (57%), with a mean age of 70.5 (10.7) years. The incidence of CIN was 35.5%, and chronic kidney failure was the only factor associated with elevated risk of this condition (relative risk [RR] = 1.9; 95% confidence interval = 1.17-3.09; P = .017). The median follow-up was 645 days, and in 720-day analyses, patients who experienced CIN had worse HI (81.2% vs 96.3%; P = .0107) and OS (49.5% vs 66.3%; P = .0463). The current study found a high incidence of CIN in patients with CLI after DSA. This renal impairment was associated with a worse prognosis in terms of survival.
Neural stem cell encapsulation and differentiation in strain promoted crosslinked polyethylene glycol-based hydrogels
Authors: Li Hang , Zheng Jukuan , Wang Huifeng , Becker Mathew L , Leipzig Nic D
Published: February 2018

Encapsulated cell viability within crosslinked hydrogels is a critical factor to consider in regenerative medicine/cell delivery applications. Herein, a “click” hydrogel system is presented encompassing 4-dibenzocyclooctynol functionalized polyethylene glycol, a four arm polyethylene glycol tetraazide crosslinker, tethered native protein attachment ligands (laminin), and a tethered potent neurogenic differentiation factor (interferon-γ). With this approach, hydrogel formation occurs via strain-promoted, metal-free, azide-alkyne cycloaddition in an aqueous buffer. This system demonstrated safe encapsulation of neural stem cells in biological conditions without chemical initiators/ultraviolet light, achieving high cell viability. Cell viability in click gels was nearly double that of ultraviolet exposed gels after 1 d as well as 14 d of subsequent culture; demonstrating the sensitivity of neural stem cells to ultraviolet light damage, as well as the need to develop safer encapsulation strategies. Finally, protein immobilized click hydrogel neural stem cell in vitro differentiation over 2 weeks demonstrated that the click gels specified primarily neurons without the need for additional protein differentiation factor media supplementation.
Embodiment and Ontologies of Inequality in Medicine
Authors: Argentieri M Austin
Published: February 2018

In this article, I draw on my fieldwork creating protein models of hepatitis B at a biotech laboratory to think through how to approach the body and disease from ontological and phenomenological perspectives. I subsequently draw on Mariella Pandolfi’s work on how bodies can be made to suffer history and Paul Farmer’s work on global tuberculosis disparities to explore ways of analysing embodied activity as a means of identifying and clinically addressing enactments of social inequality and disease. I also introduce Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenological concept of ‘flesh’ as a conceptual heuristic that allows us to understand the meaningful structuring of ontological worlds beyond our own. As I argue, bringing these perspectives together not only allows us to re-envision what an effective disease treatment should be in diverse medical contexts, but also how to better understand health disparities and the nature of disease itself.
Characterization of acetylated histidine b1-ion structure: A competition between oxazolone and side chain imidazole moiety
Authors: Yadav Kranthikumar , Rao J Laxmikanth , Srinivas R , Nagaraj R , Jagannadham MV
Published: February 2018

The detection of post-translational modifications of proteins is an important comprehensive research area. Over the years, proteomic studies involving protein acetylation have attracted a great deal of attention. In the present study, we have focussed on the acetylation of histidine and the intrinsic stability of b1-ion of oxazolone ring and/or with side chain imidazole bicyclic product. The formation of oxazolone structure may occur when an amino moiety undergoes acetylation reaction and when it is present in the vicinity of the side chain imidazole moiety. Tryptic peptides generated from the proteins of Acenitobacter radioresistens MMC5-containing N-terminal histidine were explored in a standard proteomic workflow. Formation of [Formula: see text] ion with an oxazolone ring in these peptides has been supported by a tandem mass spectrometric study of a synthetic peptide and density functional theory calculations. The results obtained from this study have implications in understanding the fragmentation of the peptides generated in the proteomic workflows.
Preparing Mexican-Origin Community Health Advocates (Promotores) to Conduct SBIRT for Problem Drinking in the Emergency Room
Authors: Ramos Rebeca , Cherpitel Cheryl J. , Alvarez Jose , Beltran Oscar , Woolard Robert , Villalobos Susana , Bernstein Judith , Bernstein Edward
Published: February 2018

Community health advocates (CHAs), known as Promotores in Spanish-speaking communities, are an important resource for the mobilization, empowerment, and the delivery of health education messages in Hispanic/Latino communities. This article focuses on understanding cultural, didactic, and logistical aspects of preparing CHAs to become competent to perform a Screening Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment in the emergency room. The CHAs training emphasizes making connections with Mexican-origin young adults aged 18 to 30, and capitalizing on a teachable moment to effect change in alcohol consumption and negative outcomes associated with alcohol use. We outline a CHA recruitment, content/methods training, and the analysis of advantages and challenges presented by the delivery of an intervention by CHAs.
Application of full-waveform event location and moment-tensor inversion for Groningen induced seismicity
Authors: Willacy Chris , van Dedem Ewoud , Minisini Sara , Li Junlun , Blokland Jan Willem , Das Indrajit , Droujinine Alexander
Published: February 2018

Induced seismicity from gas production has been identified as a significant problem within the Groningen Field, located in the northeast corner of the Netherlands. A key concern is the location, source mechanism, and magnitude of the microearthquake events, which are triggered by stress changes induced in the reservoir through pressure depletion. The resulting seismic energy release has been linked to building damage and social unrest in the area. The situation is compounded by the structural complexity of the subsurface with many hundreds of faults that crisscross the area, making earthquake location estimation challenging. An accurate methodology to determine both location and seismic mechanism is required. We present the results of an integrated full-waveform, 3D elastic, event location, and moment-tensor inversion workflow that has been applied to the regional, shallow borehole-monitoring array. This workflow utilizes all event arrivals to improve the accuracy of locating earthquakes and offers a reliable estimate of the earth's sense of motion during an earthquake. It is also demonstrated that the biggest source of error in locating earthquakes at Groningen lies in the vertical depth accuracy, which is correlated to the azimuthal angular coverage, and the fact that small earthquakes are only detected by a relatively small number of stations.
How faults wake up: The Guthrie-Langston, Oklahoma earthquakes
Authors: Schoenball Martin , Walsh F. Rall , Weingarten Matthew , Ellsworth William L.
Published: February 2018

Large-scale wastewater disposal has led to a fast-paced reawakening of faults in the Oklahoma/Kansas region. High-resolution earthquake relocations show that the inventory of ancient basement faults in the study region differs from results of seismic surveys and geologic mapping focused on the sedimentary cover. We analyze the evolution of seismic activity in the Guthrie-Langston sequence in central Oklahoma in greater detail. Here, seismic activity has reactivated a network of at least 12 subvertical faults in an area less than 10 km across. Recorded activity began in late 2013, peaked about six months later, and includes two M 4 earthquakes. These earthquakes characteristically occur at about 4 km depth below the top of the basement and do not reach the sedimentary cover. The sequence shows a radial growth pattern despite being no closer than 10 km to significant wastewater disposal activity. Hydrologic modeling suggests that activity initiated with a time lag of several years relative to early injection activity. Once initiated, earthquake interactions contribute to the propagation of seismicity along the reactivated faults. As a result, the spatiotemporal evolution of the seismicity mimics a diffusive pattern that is typically thought to be associated with injection activity. Analysis of the fault slip potential shows that most faults are critically stressed in the contemporary stress field. Activity on some faults, for which we find low slip probability, suggests a significant contribution of geomechanical heterogeneities to the reawakening of these ancient basement faults.
Performance assessment of the induced seismicity traffic light protocol for northeastern British Columbia and western Alberta
Authors: Kao Honn , Visser Ryan , Smith Brindley , Venables Stuart
Published: February 2018

In response to the increasing concern of possible seismic risk due to injection operations during development of unconventional hydrocarbon resources, regulators in both British Columbia (BC) and Alberta (AB), Canada, have adopted varying aspects of a traffic light protocol as part of their individual oversight and risk mitigation strategies. In this study, we compare the regional seismicity pattern with the database of injection parameters to assess the performance of the individual induced seismicity traffic light protocols (IS-TLP). The red-light threshold in both BC and AB is set at local magnitude (ML) = 4, which appears to be adequate in characterizing the potential seismic risk from induced earthquakes. Since 2014, there were three red-light events each in BC and AB, all related to hydraulic fracturing. In the three AB cases and one BC case, at least one 2 ≤ ML < 4 seismic event, characterized in AB as a yellow-light event, preceded the red-light event, suggesting that an IS-TLP based on escalating magnitude probably is more applicable to AB than BC. The average rate of background seismicity seems to be positively correlated with the rate of seismicity during injection in a qualitative sense. This observation illustrates that detailed knowledge on background seismicity may be a useful reference in forecasting the overall seismic response to injections. In some cases, once the earthquake sequence was induced, events would continue even after the hydraulic fracturing was completed. Therefore, this phenomenon of delayed triggering — i.e., earthquakes occurred after the completion of injection — can be a problem for the effectiveness of the IS-TLP and should be considered carefully. The existing magnitude-based IS-TLP can sometimes cause confusion due to the uncertainty of magnitude calculation. Specific changes can be made to improve the effectiveness of IS-TLP, including incorporation of ground-motion information, standardization of magnitude calculation, and making the IS-TLP more adaptive to local hazard conditions.
State of stress in the Permian Basin, Texas and New Mexico: Implications for induced seismicity
Authors: Snee Jens-Erik Lund , Zoback Mark D.
Published: February 2018

Since the 1960s, the Permian Basin of west Texas and southeast New Mexico has experienced earthquakes that were possibly triggered by oil and gas activities. In recent years, seismicity has been concentrated near Pecos, Texas; around the Dagger Draw Field, New Mexico; and near the Cogdell Field, Snyder, Texas. We have collected hundreds of measurements of stress orientation and relative magnitude to identify potentially active normal, normal/strike-slip, or strike-slip faults that might be susceptible to earthquake triggering in this region. In the Midland Basin and Central Basin Platform, the faulting regime is consistently normal/strike slip, and the direction of the maximum horizontal compressive stress (SHmax) is approximately east–west, although modest rotations of the SHmaxdirection are seen in some areas. Within the Delaware Basin, however, a large-magnitude clockwise rotation (∼150°) of SHmaxoccurs progressively from being nearly north–south in the north to east-southeast–west-northwest in the south, including the western Val Verde Basin. A normal faulting stress field is observed throughout the Delaware Basin. We use these stress data to estimate the potential for slip on mapped faults across the Permian Basin in response to injection-related pressure changes at depth that might be associated with future oil and gas development activities in the region.
Full-waveform inversion, Part 3: Optimization
Authors: Witte Philipp , Louboutin Mathias , Lensink Keegan , Lange Michael , Kukreja Navjot , Luporini Fabio , Gorman Gerard , Herrmann Felix J.
Published: February 2018

This tutorial is the third part of a full-waveform inversion (FWI) tutorial series with a step-by-step walkthrough of setting up forward and adjoint wave equations and building a basic FWI inversion framework. For discretizing and solving wave equations, we use Devito ( http://www.opesci.org/devito-public ), a Python-based domain-specific language for automated generation of finite-difference code ( Lange et al., 2016 ). The first two parts of this tutorial ( Louboutin et al., 2017 , 2018 ) demonstrated how to solve the acoustic wave equation for modeling seismic shot records and how to compute the gradient of the FWI objective function using the adjoint-state method. With these two key ingredients, we will now build an inversion framework that can be used to minimize the FWI least-squares objective function.
Psychodynamic psychotherapies for borderline personality disorders. Current developments and challenges ahead
Authors: Gonzalez-Torres Miguel Angel
Published: February 2018

This article summarises the current position of evidence-based psychodynamic psychotherapies aimed at the treatment of borderline personality disorder – mentalisation-based treatment and transference-focused psychotherapy – noting the main challenges they face, especially in the area of dissemination.
Stress-activated MAPKs and CRM1 regulate the subcellular localization of Net1A to control cell motility and invasion
Authors: Ulu Arzu , Oh Wonkyung , Zuo Yan , Frost Jeffrey A.
Published: February 2018

The neuroepithelial cell transforming gene 1A (Net1A, an isoform of Net1) is a RhoA subfamily guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that localizes to the nucleus in the absence of stimulation, preventing it from activating RhoA. Once relocalized in the cytosol, Net1A stimulates cell motility and extracellular matrix invasion. In the present work, we investigated mechanisms responsible for the cytosolic relocalization of Net1A. We demonstrate that inhibition of MAPK pathways blocks Net1A relocalization, with cells being most sensitive to JNK pathway inhibition. Moreover, activation of the JNK or p38 MAPK family pathway is sufficient to elicit Net1A cytosolic localization. Net1A relocalization stimulated by EGF or JNK activation requires nuclear export mediated by CRM1. JNK1 (also known as MAPK8) phosphorylates Net1A on serine 52, and alanine substitution at this site prevents Net1A relocalization caused by EGF or JNK activation. Glutamic acid substitution at this site is sufficient for Net1A relocalization and results in elevated RhoA signaling to stimulate myosin light chain 2 (MLC2, also known as MYL2) phosphorylation and F-actin accumulation. Net1A S52E expression stimulates cell motility, enables Matrigel invasion and promotes invadopodia formation. These data highlight a novel mechanism for controlling the subcellular localization of Net1A to regulate RhoA activation, cell motility, and invasion.
Bromine-Mediated Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling (CDC) Reactions
Authors: Wang Bin , Wong Henry N C
Published: February 2018

Significant advances in the development of CDC reactions have been made in recent years. However, metal-free CDC reaction remains comparatively under-developed. In view that a variety of readily available, cheap and environmentally friendly bromine reagents have been employed in bromination or oxidation in organic synthesis, we would like to summarize and discuss in this review examples of bromine-mediated CDC reactions, delineating significant and promising applications of these reagents in metal-free functionalization of C-H bonds.
Cheating and Incentives: Learning from a Policy Experiment
Authors: Martinelli César , Parker Susan W. , Pérez-Gea Ana Cristina , Rodrigo Rodimiro
Published: February 2018

We use a database generated by a policy intervention that incentivized learning as measured by standardized exams to investigate empirically the relationship between cheating by students and cash incentives to students and teachers. We adapt methods from the education measurement literature to calculate the extent of cheating and show that cheating is more prevalent under treatments that provide monetary incentives to students (versus no incentives or incentives only to teachers). We provide evidence suggesting that students may have learned to cheat, with the number of cheating students per classroom increasing over time under treatments that provide monetary incentives to students. (JEL D83, I21, I28, O15)
Paternalism against Veblen: Optimal Taxation and Non-respected Preferences for Social Comparisons
Authors: Aronsson Thomas , Johansson-Stenman Olof
Published: February 2018

This paper compares optimal nonlinear income tax policies of welfarist and paternalist governments, where the latter does not respect individual preferences regarding relative consumption. Consistent with previous findings, relative consumption concerns typically induce a welfarist government to increase the marginal tax rates to internalize positional externalities. Remarkably, the optimal marginal tax rules are often very similar in the paternalist case, where such externalities are not taken into account. We identify several cases where the marginal tax rules are indeed identical between the governments. Numerical simulations show that marginal and average tax levels and the overall redistribution are often also similar. (JEL D62, D72, H21, H23, H24)
Towards the Greater Good? EU Commissioners’ Nationality and Budget Allocation in the European Union
Authors: Gehring Kai , Schneider Stephan A.
Published: February 2018

We demonstrate that the nationalities of EU Commissioners influence budget allocation decisions in favor of their country of origin. Our focus is on the Commissioners for Agriculture, who are exclusively responsible for a specific fund that accounts for the largest share of the overall EU budget. On average, providing the Commissioner causes a 1 percentage point increase in a country’s share of the overall EU budget, which corresponds to 850 million euros per year. There are no different pretreatment trends and the magnitude of the bias from selection-on-unobservables would have to be implausibly high to account for the estimated coefficient. (JEL D72, F55, H61, H77)
Target volume motion during anal cancer image guided radiotherapy using cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Brooks Corrinne J , Bernier Laurence , Hansen Vibeke N , Tait Diana M
Published: February 2018

Objective:

Literature regarding image-guidance and interfractional motion of the anal canal (AC) during anal cancer radiotherapy is sparse. This study investigates interfractional AC motion during anal cancer radiotherapy.

Methods:

Bone matched cone beam CT (CBCT) images were acquired for 20 patients receiving anal cancer radiotherapy allowing population systematic and random error calculations. 12 were selected to investigate interfractional AC motion. Primary anal gross tumour volume and clinical target volume (CTVa) were contoured on each CBCT. CBCT CTVa volumes were compared to planning CTVa. CBCT CTVa volumes were combined into a CBCT-CTVa envelope for each patient. Maximum distortion between each orthogonal border of the planning CTVa and CBCT-CTVa envelope was measured. Frequency, volume and location of CBCT-CTVa envelope beyond the planning target volume (PTVa) was analysed.

Results:

Population systematic and random errors were 1 and 3 mm respectively. 112 CBCTs were analysed in the interfractional motion study. CTVa varied between each imaging session particularly T location patients of anorectal origin. CTVa border expansions ≥ 1 cm were seen inferiorly, anteriorly, posteriorly and left direction. The CBCT-CTVa envelope fell beyond the PTVa ≥ 50% imaging sessions (n = 5). Of these CBCT CTVa distortions beyond PTVa, 44% and 32% were in the upper and lower thirds of PTVa respectively.

Conclusion:

The AC is susceptible to volume changes and shape deformations. Care must be taken when calculating or considering reducing the PTV margin to the anus.

Advances in knowledge:

Within a limited field of research, this study provides further knowledge of how the AC deforms during anal cancer radiotherapy.
Ένα βυζαντινό οικοδομικό συνεργείο στην περιοχή του Σοφικού Κορινθίας
Authors: ΚΑΠΠΑΣ (Michalis KAPPAS) Μιχάλης
Published: February 2018

Στο κεφαλοχώρι του Σοφικού Κορινθίας σώζεται ένα εξαιρετικού ενδιαφέροντος μνημειακό σύνολο που προσφέρεται για τη διατύπωση σκέψεων πάνω στο δυσεπίλυτο ζήτημα της διάκρισης των στοιχείων της αρχιτεκτονικής του 13ου από εκείνα του 12ου αιώνα. Συνίσταται από πέντε, τουλάχιστον, εκκλησίες στις παρυφές του οικισμού. Το παρόν άρθρο αποσκοπεί στην πληρέστερη παρουσίαση εκείνων των κατασκευαστικών και μορφολογικών στοιχείων που τεκμηριώνουν τη στενή σχέση του συγκεκριμένου μνημειακού συνόλου και ενισχύουν τη χρονολόγησή του εντός της 13ης εκατονταετίας. Εξετάζονται επιμέρους μορφολογικά στοιχεία ως προς τον τρόπο διαμόρφωσης των τρούλων, των παραθύρων και των ψευδοπαραθύρων, καθώς επίσης και ως προς τον τρόπο προσαρμογής των αγγείων στις όψεις των εκκλησιών της περιοχής του Σοφικού, και γίνονται συγκρίσεις με άλλα μνημεία από τον νότιο ελλαδικό χώρο.
Deux icônes crétoises inédites au musée de l’OEuvre Notre Dame de Strasbourg : Saint Georges à cheval terrassant le dragon et la Déisis.
Authors: CHATZIDAKIS (Νανώ ΧΑΤΖΗΔΑΚΗ) Nano
Published: February 2018

Στη μελέτη εξετάζονται δύο αδημοσίευτες κρητικές εικόνες στο Μουσείο OEuvre Νotre-Dame του Στρασβούργου. Ο άγιος Γεώργιος έφιππος δρακοντοκτόνος ακολουθεί το εικονογραφικό πρότυπο της εικόνας του Αγγέλου στο Μουσείο Μπενάκη και αποδίδεται σε έργαστήριο καλού κρητικού ζωγράφου του δεύτερου μισού του 15ου αιώνα, που εργάζεται στο περιβάλλον του. Η Δέηση με τον Χριστό στο κέντρο όρθιο και μετωπικό και τις μορφές της Παναγίας και του Ιωάννη Προδρόμου σε δέηση κρατώντας ειλητάρια με πολύστιχες καλλιγραφημένες επιγραφές ικεσίας, έχει βυζαντινή καταγωγή και αποτελεί συμφυρμό δύο άλλων, διαδεδομένων στις κρητικές εικόνες του 15ου αιώνα, εικονογραφικών τύπων. Πρόκειται για έργο καλής τέχνης, πρωτότυπο στη σύνθεση και τη διατύπωση των επιγραφών, που μπορεί να αποδοθεί σε ικανό κρητικό ζωγράφο των μέσων του 16ου αιώνα, ο οποίος πιθανώς εργάζεται στο περιβάλλον των κρητικών ζωγράφων της Βενετίας.
An unknown work by George Klontzas: the icon of St. George the Dragonslayer in Corfu
Authors: TSIOURIS (Ιωάννης ΤΣΙΟΥΡΗΣ) Ioannis
Published: February 2018

Η σχετικά άγνωστη εικόνα του αγίου Γεωργίου δρακοντοκτόνου φυλάσσεται στον ναό των Αγίων Πατέρων στην πόλη της Κέρκυρας. Ο τρόπος απεικόνισης του αγίου Γεωργίου, η απόδοση μορφών με δυτικότροπα ρεαλιστικά χαρακτηριστικά, η έντονη διακοσμητική διάθεση, τα είδη των πανοπλιών, η ιπποσκευή και συγκεκριμένα αρχιτεκτονικά στοιχεία συνδέουν την εικόνα με το έργο του Γεωργίου Κλόντζα. Τα εικονογραφικά και τεχνοτροπικά χαρακτηριστικά οδηγούν στην αναγνώρισή της ως αυτόγραφο έργο του Γεωργίου Κλόντζα και στη χρονολόγησή της στο τελευταίοτέταρτο του 16ου αιώνα.
Τα βημόθυρα του τέμπλου της μονής του Αγίου Νικολάου Τζώρας Ιωαννίνων
Authors: ΚΑΡΑΜΠΕΡΙΔΗ (Argyro KARAMPERIDI) Αργυρώ
Published: February 2018

Το ζεύγος βημοθύρων προέρχεται από το τέμπλο του καθολικού της μονής Αγίου Νικολάου Τζώρας, στο όρος Δρίσκος Ιωαννίνων. Τα βημόθυρα, κοσμημένα με τη συνήθη παράσταση του Ευαγγελισμού χρονολογούνται στο πρώτο μισό του 16ου αιώνα, πιθανώς στην τρίτη ή τέταρτη δεκαετία. Εικονογραφικές λεπτομέρειες αλλά κυρίως η αριστοτεχνική απόδοση των μορφών, η χρωματική κλίμακα, ο γύψινος ανάγλυφος διάκοσμος του πλαισίου τους επιτρέπουν τη σύνδεση των έργων αυτών με τα μεγάλα καλλιτεχνικά ρεύματα της εποχής, και ιδιαίτερα με τον κύκλο τουζωγράφου Φράγγου Κατελάνου.
Η ταυτότητα βασίλισσας και δεσπότη στην ταφική πλάκα του ναού της Αγίας Θεοδώρας στην Άρτα
Authors: ΑΧΕΙΜΑΣΤΟΥ-ΠΟΤΑΜΙΑΝΟΥ (Myrtali ACHEIMASTOU-POTAMIANOU) Μυρτάλη
Published: February 2018

Η ανάγλυφη πλάκα ψευδοσαρκοφάγου στο ταφικό μνημείο της οσίας Θεοδώρας παρουσιάζει ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον για την ταυτότητα των εικονιζομένων μορφών βασίλισσας και δεσπότη της Άρτας. Η συζήτηση για την ταύτισή τους με τη βασίλισσα μοναχή Θεοδώρα και τον γιo της Νικηφόρο Α΄ Κομνηνό Δούκα είτε, κατά τελευταία ερμηνεία, με την Άννα Κομνηνοδούκαινα Παλαιολογίνα ως αντιβασίλισσα και τον γιo της Θωμά ενισχύει την πρώτη άποψη. Στη γνώμη συντείνουν τα στοιχεία που προσάγει ο βίος της οσίας Θεοδώρας, τα οποία φωτίζουν αρκετά το νόημα της, σπάνιας για επιτύμβια πλάκα, εικονογραφικής σύνθεσης (πιθανώς 1282/83-1296).
New epigraphic evidence from Mani. The Kaphiona epigrams
Authors: KATSAFADOS (Παναγιώτης Στ. ΚΑΤΣΑΦΑΔΟΣ) Panayotis St.
Published: February 2018

Στο άρθρο γίνεται αναλυτική παρουσίαση του διασωθέντος κειμένου και προτείνεται προκαταρκτική, κατά το δυνατόν, αποκατάσταση δύο επιγραμμάτων στην εκκλησία των Αγίων Θεοδώρων στην Καφιόνα της Μέσα Μάνης. Πρόκειται για δύο από τα ελάχιστα δείγματα επιτοίχιων έμμετρων επιγραφών στην περιοχή, οι οποίες σήμερα είναι δυσανάγνωστες. Παρ’ όλα αυτά, προσεκτική επιγραφική και παλαιογραφική μελέτη αποκαλύπτει ότι πρόκειται για εξαιρετικά δείγματα από αισθητική και λόγια άποψη, τα οποία παράλληλα συνεισφέρουν τόσο στην ιστορική γνώση όσο και στις γνώμες για την εγγραμματοσύνη των κατοίκων της Μάνης, την πρώτη μετά τους Φράγκους περίοδο. Ως χρονολογία γραφής τους εκτιμάται το καλοκαίρι του 1264.
The sedentary (r)evolution: Have we lost our metabolic flexibility?
Authors: Freese Jens , Klement Rainer Johannes , Ruiz-Núñez Begoña , Schwarz Sebastian , Lötzerich Helmut
Published: February 2018

During the course of evolution, up until the agricultural revolution, environmental fluctuations forced the human species to develop a flexible metabolism in order to adapt its energy needs to various climate, seasonal and vegetation conditions. Metabolic flexibility safeguarded human survival independent of food availability. In modern times, humans switched their primal lifestyle towards a constant availability of energy-dense, yet often nutrient-deficient, foods, persistent psycho-emotional stressors and a lack of exercise. As a result, humans progressively gain metabolic disorders, such as the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, certain types of cancer, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer´s disease, wherever the sedentary lifestyle spreads in the world. For more than 2.5 million years, our capability to store fat for times of food shortage was an outstanding survival advantage. Nowadays, the same survival strategy in a completely altered surrounding is responsible for a constant accumulation of body fat. In this article, we argue that the metabolic disease epidemic is largely based on a deficit in metabolic flexibility. We hypothesize that the modern energetic inflexibility, typically displayed by symptoms of neuroglycopenia, can be reversed by re-cultivating suppressed metabolic programs, which became obsolete in an affluent environment, particularly the ability to easily switch to ketone body and fat oxidation. In a simplified model, the basic metabolic programs of humans’ primal hunter-gatherer lifestyle are opposed to the current sedentary lifestyle. Those metabolic programs, which are chronically neglected in modern surroundings, are identified and conclusions for the prevention of chronic metabolic diseases are drawn.
КЛАСТЕРНАЯ ПОЛИТИКА КАК ОСНОВА РАЗВИТИЯ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВВ РОССИЙСКОЙ И ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ
Authors: Akhunzhanova Inna Nikolaevna , Tomashevskaya Yulia Nikolaevna , Osipov Daniil Vladimirovich
Published: February 2018

Статья посвящена изучению опыта успешного формирования и развития территориальных кластеров в европейских странах с позиции инновационной составляющей. Описаны лучшие практики кластерной политики следующих стран: кейс Бельгии, демонстрирующий ключевое значение финансирования отдельных кластерных проектов и создания крупных инновационных центров; кейс Финляндии, где значительную роль в формировании кластеров сыграли национальные и региональные экспертные центры, объединяющие представителей бизнеса, государственных и региональных органов власти, университетов и институтов сотрудничества; кейс Венгрии, представляющий собой рамочную концепцию в отношении всей экономической политики страны. Изучена практика применения кластерной политики в России, выявлены сходные и различные позиции.Цель – анализ опыта реализации кластерной политики в европейских странах для выявления сходных и различных позиций в кластерной политике в России.Метод и методология проведения работы: в процессе исследования использовались общенаучные и специальные методы: анализ и синтез, сравнение и обобщение, системный анализ.Результаты: предложены рекомендации для российской экономики по усилению кластерных процессов в рамках инновационной направленности.Область применения результатов: статья направлена на исследователей в области региональной экономики, кластерной политики и практиков, специализирующихся на управлении и развитии региональных кластеров.
РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ ПОТЕНЦИАЛА МОЛОДЕЖИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ (на материалах Кабардино-Балкарской Республики)
Authors: Atlaskirov Albert Ruslanovich
Published: February 2018

Цель работы состоит в том, чтобы выявить и проанализировать существующие в Кабардино-Балкарии механизмы реализации потенциала молодежи в контексте устойчивого развития и определить пути повышения их эффективности.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования составляют массовые и экспертные опросы населения Кабардино-Балкарской Республики. Выборка стратифицированная, структурированная по полу, возрасту, национальности и месту жительства, объем выборки 1200 респондентов; интервьюирование в фокус-группах.Результаты. Установлено, что, выделяется несколько основных механизмов реализации потенциала молодежи: волонтерская деятельность, подготовка управленческих кадров, развитие физической культуры и спорта. Однако наблюдается дисбаланс приоритетов молодежной политики в сторону развития физической культуры и спорта. В целом, молодежная политика республики характеризуется непоследовательностью и противоречивостью.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере прогнозирования социально-политических процессов и проектировании программ молодежной политики региона.
О ВИДАХ ГРАЖДАНСКО-ПРАВОВОЙ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ
Authors: Vaytchin Vladimir Anatolevich
Published: February 2018

Настоящая статья посвящена комплексному, теоретическому исследованию видов ответственности, применяемых в случае наличия факта гражданского правонарушения.Актуальность темы проводимого исследования обусловлена прежде всего тем, что вопрос о видах гражданско-правовой ответственности является наиболее дискуссионным в цивилистической науке, однако, в ряде научных и учебных изданий допускается отождествление видов ответственности с мерами (формами) ответственности, что является не допустимым, т.к. создает не только путаницу в теории, но и проблемы в правоприменении. В статье кроме проведения отграничения видов ответственности от её мер (форм) подробно рассматриваются и анализируются все имеющиеся виды ответственности в гражданском праве. Сущность и содержание имеющихся видов ответственности раскрывается автором с учётом анализа последних изменений, внесённых законодателем в институт гражданско-правовой ответственности. В статье проводится не только выделение и обособление отдельных видов ответственности, но также и их классификация, т.е. группирование всех видов в зависимости от различных критериев. Результаты проведённого в статье исследования, по мнению её автора, могут быть использованы как в научной и учебной деятельности, так и в правоприменительной практике.Основной вывод данной статьи заключается в том, что многообразие видов ответственности в гражданском законодательстве России как раз и даёт возможность дифференцированно её применять в охранительных правоотношениях в зависимости как от характера допущенного субъектами правонарушения, так и от индивидуальных качеств самого субъекта. Кроме того, во многих случаях определённый вид ответственности обуславливает и применение к её субъекту конкретной меры ответственности, её объём и размер.
El gobierno del suelo urbano: representaciones y estrategias de articulación-acción de los actores estatales
Authors: Gargantini Daniela Mariana , Martiarena Miguel Ángel , D'Amico Desiree Alda
Published: February 2018

Los conflictos urbanos remiten a realidades sociales producto de situaciones materiales comprobables, pero que pueden permanecer latentes si no son socialmente problematizadas. Su instalación en la agenda pública depende de los modos en que los actores sociales definen una situación como problemática e identifican sus estrategias de resolución. El acceso al suelo constituye uno de los principales conflictos urbanos dado su rol esencial en la consecución de un hábitat digno y de inclusión en la ciudad, por lo que considerar las representaciones y redes de articulación-acción de los actores involucrados favorece y potencia la comprensión sobre las miradas y posturas que condicionan la producción física y simbólica de la ciudad. En este artículo se exponen los avances sobre el estudio del gobierno del suelo urbano en Córdoba capital (Argentina) y en él se consideran las representaciones de todos los actores sociales involucrados (estatales, económicos y comunitarios); además, indaga particularmente las de los actores estatales, en sus lógicas de comprensiónacción y en sus relaciones de articulación en lo referente a este conflicto. Se busca contribuir a la comprensión de la complejidad de las problemáticas asociadas al acceso, el control y el gobierno del suelo urbano, para así facilitar su visibilización y la proposición de estrategias de resolución.
Supermodularity in Unweighted Graph Optimization I: Branchings and Matchings
Authors: Bérczi Kristóf , Frank András
Published: February 2018

The main result of this paper is motivated by the following two apparently unrelated graph optimization problems: (A) As an extension of Edmonds’ disjoint branchings theorem, characterize digraphs comprising k disjoint branchings Bi each having a specified number μi of arcs. (B) As an extension of Ryser’s maximum term rank formula, determine the largest possible matching number of simple bipartite graphs complying with degree-constraints. The solutions to these problems and to their generalizations will be obtained from a new min-max theorem on covering a supermodular function by a simple degree-constrained bipartite graph. A specific feature of the result is that its minimum cost extension is already NP-hard. Therefore classic polyhedral tools themselves definitely cannot be sufficient for solving the problem, even though they make some good service in our approach.
Supermodularity in Unweighted Graph Optimization III: Highly Connected Digraphs
Authors: Bérczi Kristóf , Frank András
Published: February 2018

By generalizing a recent result of Hong, Liu and Lai on characterizing the degree-sequences of simple strongly connected directed graphs, a characterization is provided for degree-sequences of simple k-node-connected digraphs. More generally, we solve the directed node-connectivity augmentation problem when the augmented digraph is degree-specified and simple. As for edge-connectivity augmentation, we solve the special case when the edge-connectivity is to be increased by one and the augmenting digraph must be simple.
On Information Distortions in Online Ratings
Authors: Besbes Omar , Scarsini Marco
Published: February 2018

Consumer reviews and ratings of products and services have become ubiquitous on the Internet. This paper analyzes, given the sequential nature of reviews and the limited feedback of such past reviews, the information content they communicate to future customers. We consider a model with heterogeneous customers who buy a product of unknown quality and we focus on two different informational settings. In the first setting, customers observe the whole history of past reviews. In the second one they only observe the sample mean of past reviews. We examine under which conditions, in each setting, customers can recover the true quality of the product based on the feedback they observe. In the case of total monitoring, if consumers adopt a fully rational Bayesian updating paradigm, then they asymptotically learn the unknown quality. With access to only the sample mean of past reviews, inference becomes intricate for customers and it is not clear if, when, and how social learning can take place. We first analyze the setting when customers interpret the mean as the proxy of quality. We show that in the long run, the sample mean of reviews stabilizes and, in general, customers overestimate the underlying quality of the product. We establish properties of the bias, stemming from the selection associated with observing only reviews of customers who purchase. Then, we show the existence of a simple non-Bayesian quality inference rule that leads to social learning when all customers use such a rule. The results point to the strong information content of even limited statistics of past reviews as long as customers have minimal sophistication.
The natural history of spinal deformity in patients with Coffin-Lowry syndrome
Authors: Welborn M. , Farrell S. , Knott P. , Mayekar E. , Mardjetko S.
Published: February 2018

Purpose

Little is known about the natural history of spinal deformities in Coffin-Lowry syndrome (CLS). Our goal was to evaluate the spinal deformity progression and clinical impact.

Methods

In this institutional review board-approved study, we performed a multinational retrospective review of six male CLS patients, aged 13 to 22 years at final follow-up, for a mean of 7.25 years (3 to 13).

Results

All showed delayed skeletal maturity. Three had calcifications of their lower cervical ligamentum flavum, all experienced neural axis abnormalities, including lower extremity weakness, numbness and tingling and in one, quadriparesis. Only two were ambulatory at final follow-up. All had significant spinal abnormalities, including severe progressive thoracic lordosis, thoracolumbar kyphosis and scoliosis. All had undergone spinal fusion or were being evaluated for surgery.

Conclusion

CLS is a rare X-linked mutation in the RSK2 gene, affecting between 1/50 000 to 100 000 people. There are two reports in the literature of patients with calcifications of their ligamentum flavum. Both had neural axis abnormalities and one had acute onset quadriplegia. Analysis of their ligamentum flavum found abundant central calcifications. Despite our small cohort we found 50% had calcifications and 100% had neurologic consequences associated with those calcifications. There was a 100% rate of deformity progression. They all exhibited delay in skeletal maturity, which mandates longer follow-up and has implications for surgical planning. From our cohort and literature review, the natural history of CLS supports frequent patient evaluation and a lower threshold for correction of spinal deformities. Aiming to avoid spinal cord compression and improve or avoid neurological deterioration.

Level of Evidence

IV - retrospective study