bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcome of parosteal osteosarcoma
Authors: Han Ilkyu , Oh Joo Han , Na Yeong Gon , Moon Kyung Chul , Kim Han‐Soo
Published: November 2007

Background

Parosteal osteosarcoma is a rare type of osteosarcoma with distinct characteristics. Clinical outcome of 21 patients was analyzed to assess the predictive relevance of surgical margin, intramedullary tumor extension and histologic grade.

Methods

There were 5 mens and 16 womens with an average age of 26 years. Average follow‐up was 9.1 years (range 2.5–22.1). Most common sites were distal femur (15) and proximal humerus (2). No patient presented with metastasis. Surgical margin was wide in 13 and marginal in 8. Intramedullary extension was seen in 10 patients (48%). Focal high‐grade 2 and 3 tumors were seen in 11 (52%) and 3 (14%) patients respectively.

Results

Twenty patients (95%) were alive without disease. Two (10%) had relapse, one with local recurrence and another with local recurrence and lung metastasis. Of eight marginal procedures performed, 2 turned out to have histologically tumor‐positive margins, both of whom later developed relapses. All patients with histologically negative margins remained disease‐free. Presence of intramedullary extension and focal high‐grade tumor was not significantly associated with relapse.

Conclusions

A marginal but histologically negative margin of excision appears adequate for parosteal osteosarcoma. However, long‐term follow‐up is warranted for monitoring of rare incidences of local recurrences or distant metastases. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:146–149. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dual-stage gain-clamped erbium-doped fiber amplifier with fiber Bragg grating
Authors: Mahdi M A , Zamzuri A K , Ahmad A , Md Ali M I , Mohamad R
Published: November 2007

We demonstrate a dual-stage gain-clamped erbium-doped fiber amplifier. The first-stage amplifier consists of a short length of erbium-doped fiber to produce low noise figures. The second-stage is constructed from a counter-propagating ring-laser, in which the signals and the lasing wavelength propagate in the opposite direction. The lasing wavelength is selected via a reflective-type of fiber Bragg grating. The gain-clamping mechanism can be adjusted by either changing the fiber Bragg grating reflectivity or center wavelength. The noise figure penalty is about 1.5 dB for the gain-clamping value from 11 dB to 20.5 dB.
Broadband THz emission from gas plasmas induced by femtosecond optical pulses: From fundamentals to applications
Authors: Roskos H.G. , Thomson M.D. , Kreß M. , Löffler T.
Published: November 2007

We review the generation of broadband THz radiation from femtosecond photo‐induced gas plasmas, with an emphasis on the highly efficient “AC‐bias” case where the plasma is generated and driven by a superposition of fundamental and second‐harmonic optical fields. The dependence on experimental parameters such as pulse energy, air pressure, polarization and focusing are presented, and compared to the predictions from semi‐quantitative models for the THz generation process, namely (i) a microscopic photocurrent model and (ii) a four‐wave mixing model. We also employ these models to the case of few‐cycle pulses, where the observed THz emission is related directly to the carrier‐envelope phase of the pulses, and hence provides a mechanism with which to measure this phase.}
Effect of Body Mass Index on the Survival Benefit of Liver Transplantation
Authors: Pelletier Shawn J. , Schaubel Douglas E. , Wei Guanghui , Englesbe Michael J. , Punch Jeffrey D. , Wolfe Robert A. , Port Friedrich K. , Merion Robert M.
Published: November 2007

Obese patients are at higher risk for morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation (LT) than nonobese recipients. However, there are no reports assessing the survival benefit of LT according to recipient body mass index (BMI). A retrospective cohort of liver transplant candidates who were initially wait-listed between September 2001 and December 2004 was identified in the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database. Adjusted Cox regression models were fitted to assess the association between BMI and liver transplant survival benefit (posttransplantation vs. waiting list mortality). During the study period, 25,647 patients were placed on the waiting list. Of these, 4,488 (17%) underwent LT by December 31, 2004. At wait-listing and transplantation, similar proportions were morbidly obese (BMI ≥ 40; 3.8% vs. 3.4%, respectively) and underweight (BMI < 20; 4.5% vs. 4.0%, respectively). Underweight patients experienced a significantly higher covariate-adjusted risk of death on the waiting list (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.61; P < 0.0001) compared to normal weight candidates (BMI 20 to <25), but underweight recipients had a similar risk of posttransplantation death (HR = 1.28; P = 0.15) compared to recipients of normal weight. In conclusion, compared to patients on the waiting list with a similar BMI, all subgroups of liver transplant recipients demonstrated a significant (P < 0.0001) survival benefit, including morbidly obese and underweight recipients. Our results suggest that high or low recipient BMI should not be a contraindication for LT. Liver Transpl, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
Validation of Limited Sampling Strategy for the Estimation of Mycophenolic Acid Exposure in Chinese Adult Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Hao Chen , Erzheng Chen , Anwei Mao , Zhicheng Yu , Baiyong Shen , Xiaxing Deng , Weixia Zhang , Chenghong Peng , Hongwei Li
Published: November 2007

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is indicated as immunosuppressive therapy in liver transplantation. The abbreviated models for the estimation of mycophenolic acid (MPA) area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) have been established by limited sampling strategies (LSSs) in adult liver transplant recipients. In the current study, the performance of the abbreviated models to predict MPA exposure was validated in an independent group of patients. A total of 30 MPA pharmacokinetic profiles from 30 liver transplant recipients receiving MMF in combination with tacrolimus were used to compare 8 models' performance with a full 10 time-point MPA-AUC. Linear regression analysis and Bland-Altman analysis were used to compare the estimated MPA-AUC0–12h from each model against the measured MPA-AUC0–12h. A wide range of agreement was shown when estimated MPA-AUC0–12h was compared with measured MPA-AUC0–12h, and the range of coefficient of determination (r
2) was from 0.479 to 0.936. The model based on MPA pharmacokinetic parameters C1h, C2h, C6h, and C8h had the best ability to predict measured MPA-AUC0–12h, with the best coefficient of determination (r
2 = 0.936), the excellent prediction bias (2.18%), the best prediction precision (5.11%), and the best prediction variation (2SD = ±7.88 mg · h/L). However, the model based on MPA pharmacokinetic sampling time points C1h, C2h, and C4h was more suitable when concerned with clinical convenience, which had shorter sampling interval, an excellent coefficient of determination (r
2 = 0.795), an excellent prediction bias (3.48%), an acceptable prediction precision (14.37%), and a good prediction variation (2SD = ±13.23 mg · h/L). Measured MPA-AUC0–12h could be best predicted by using MPA pharmacokinetic parameters C1h, C2h, C6h, and C8h. The model based on MPA pharmacokinetic parameters C1h, C2h, and C4h was more feasible in clinical application. Liver Transpl 13:1684–1693, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
ESR/DFT study of bis‐iminophosphorane cation radicals
Authors: Matni Adil , Boubekeur Leila , Grosshans Philippe , Mézailles Nicolas , Bernardinelli Gérald , Le Floch Pascal , Geoffroy Michel
Published: November 2007

Bis‐iminophosphoranes containing various types of linkers between two R3PN moieties were electrochemically oxidized at controlled potential in situ in the electron spin resonance (ESR) cavity. For linkers constituted of phenylenes, conjugated phenylenes or merely a dicyanoethylenic bond, this oxidation led to well‐resolved ESR spectra which were characterized by their g values and by their 1H, 14N and 31P isotropic hyperfine constants. These coupling constants agree with those calculated by DFT for the corresponding cation radicals. Experimental and theoretical results clearly indicate that in these species the unpaired electron is mostly delocalized on the bridge and on the nitrogen atoms while the spin density on the phosphorus atoms is particularly small. Cyclic voltammetry and ESR spectra show that the nature of the bridge between the two iminophosphoranes considerably influences the oxidation potential of the compound as well as the stability of the radical cation. Information about the conformation of the precursor containing two Ph3PN moieties separated by a C(CN)C(CN)group was obtained from its crystal structure. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
17O NMR investigation of phosphite hydrolysis mechanisms
Authors: McIntyre Sarah K. , Alam Todd M.
Published: November 2007

The use of solution 17O NMR spectroscopy in verifying the mechanism of trialkyl phosphite hydrolysis is presented. Trimethyl phosphite was reacted with 17O‐labeled H2O at different temperatures and two reactant concentrations, with the reaction being monitored by 17O NMR. Kinetic details elucidated from the NMR spectra are also discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental and quantum‐chemical studies of 1H, 13C and 15N NMR coordination shifts in Pd(II) and Pt(II) chloride complexes with methyl and phenyl derivatives of 2,2′‐bipyridine and 1,10‐phenanthroline
Authors: Pazderski Leszek , Toušek Jaromír , Sitkowski Jerzy , Kozerski Lech , Szłyk Edward
Published: November 2007

1H, 13C and 15N NMR studies of platinide(II) (M = Pd, Pt) chloride complexes with methyl and phenyl derivatives of 2,2′‐bipyridine and 1,10‐phenanthroline [LL = 4,4′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine (dmbpy); 4,4′‐diphenyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine (dpbpy); 4,7‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (dmphen); 4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (dpphen)] having a general [M(LL)Cl2] formula were performed and the respective chemical shifts (δ1H, δ13C, δ15N) reported. 1H high‐frequency coordination shifts (Δ1Hcoord = δ1Hcomplex − δ1Hligand) were discussed in relation to the changes of diamagnetic contribution in the relevant 1H shielding constants. The comparison to literature data for similar [M(LL)(XX)], [M(LL)X2] and [M(LL)XY] coordination or organometallic compounds containing various auxiliary ligands revealed a large dependence of δ1H parameters on inductive and anisotropic effects. 15N low‐frequency coordination shifts (Δ15Ncoord = δ15Ncomplex − δ15Nligand) of ca 88–96 ppm for M = Pd and ca 103–111 ppm for M = Pt were attributed to both the decrease of the absolute value of paramagnetic contribution and the increase of the diamagnetic term in the expression for 15N shielding constants. The absolute magnitude of Δ15Ncoord parameter increased by ca 15 ppm upon Pd(II) → Pt(II) transition and by ca 6–7 ppm following dmbpy → dmphen or dpbpy → dpphen ligand replacement; variations between analogous complexes containing methyl and phenyl ligands (dmbpy vs dpbpy; dmphen vs dpphen) did not exceed ± 1.5 ppm. Experimental 1H, 13C, 15N NMR chemical shifts were compared to those quantum‐chemically calculated by B3LYP/LanL2DZ + 6–31G**//B3LYP/LanL2DZ + 6–31G*, both in vacuo and in DMSO or DMF solution. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intracellular water specific MR of microbead‐adherent cells: Hela cell intracellular water diffusion
Authors: Zhao L. , Sukstanskii A. L. , Kroenke C. D. , Song J. , Piwnica‐Worms D. , Ackerman J. J. H. , Neil J. J.
Published: November 2007

The 1H MR signal arising from flowing extracellular media in a perfused, microbead‐adherent cultured cell system can be suppressed with a slice‐selective, spin‐echo pulse sequence. The signal from intracellular water can, thus, be selectively monitored. Herein, this technique was combined with pulsed field gradients (PFGs) to quantify intracellular water diffusion in HeLa cells. The intracellular water MR diffusion‐signal attenuation at various diffusion times was well described by a biophysical model that characterizes the incoherent displacement of intracellular water as a truncated Gaussian distribution of apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs). At short diffusion times, the water “free” diffusion coefficient and the surface‐to‐volume ratio of HeLa cells were estimated and were, 2.0 ± 0.3 μm2/ms and 0.48 ± 0.1 μm−1 (mean ± SD), respectively. At long diffusion times, the cell radius of 10.1 ± 0.4 μm was inferred and was consistent with that measured by optical microscopy. In summary: 1) intracellular water “free” diffusion in HeLa cells was rapid, two‐thirds that of pure water; and 2) the cell radius inferred from modeling the incoherent displacement of intracellular water by a truncated Gaussian distribution of ADCs was confirmed by independent optical microscopy measures. Magn Reson Med 57, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Research capacity building through twinning: experiences from a Danish–Malaysian twinning project
Authors: Jensen Marina Bergen , Hjortsø Carsten Nico , Schipperijn Jasper , Nik Abdul‐Rahim , Nilsson Kjell
Published: November 2007

Twinning and its contribution to institutional capacity building in developing countries is the theme of an ongoing debate in Public Administration and Development. Unlike earlier contributions this article focuses on twinning in the context of research capacity enhancement. Using a 3 year Danish–Malaysian twinning research project as case our objective is to evaluate whether the general premises regarding a twinning project, as formulated by the Danish Development Cooperation Agency (Danida), appropriately support the twinning ambitions when the capacities in focus concern research. Besides institutional capacity building, twinning is expected to favour local ownership, involvement of the Danish resource base and continuing of cooperation after termination of funding. From 21 semi‐structured interviews with project participants it was found that although new research capacities had been gained, the prospects on continued cooperation are rather discouraging, both sides pointing to the lack of truly joint research experiences as the main reason. To care for this important incentive, the twinning premises are recommended to be modified to allow for the Northern resource base to advance its own research, and for Southern partner to demonstrate in‐house research capacities. Further, the North–South balance in project management needs to be more equal. This apart, the twinning premises appear sound. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent methodology in the phytochemical analysis of ginseng
Authors: Angelova Nadezhda , Kong Hong‐Wei , van der Heijden Rob , Yang Shih‐Ying , Choi Young Hae , Kim Hye Kyong , Wang Mei , Hankemeier Thomas , van der Greef Jan , Xu Guowang , Verpoorte Rob
Published: November 2007

This review summarises the most recent developments in ginseng analysis, in particular the novel approaches in sample pre‐treatment and the use of high‐performance liquid‐chromatography–mass spectrometry. The review also presents novel data on analysing ginseng extracts by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (Fourier transform mass spectrometry) in the context of metabolomics. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimised Dirac operators on the lattice: construction, properties and applications
Authors: Bietenholz W.
Published: November 2007

We review a number of topics related to block variable renormalisation group transformations of quantum fields on the lattice, and to the emerging perfect lattice actions. We first illustrate this procedure by considering scalar fields. Then we proceed to lattice fermions, where we discuss perfect actions for free fields, for the Gross‐Neveu model and for a supersymmetric spin model. We also consider the extension to perfect lattice perturbation theory, in particular regarding the axial anomaly and the quark gluon vertex function. Next we deal with properties and applications of truncated perfect fermions, and their chiral correction by means of the overlap formula. This yields a formulation of lattice fermions, which combines exact chiral symmetry with an optimisation of further essential properties. We summarise simulation results for these so‐called overlap‐hypercube fermions in the two‐flavour Schwinger model and in quenched QCD. In the latter framework we establish a link to Chiral Perturbation Theory, both, in thep‐regime and in the ϵ‐regime. In particular we present an evaluation of the leading Low Energy Constants of the chiral Lagrangian – the chiral condensate and the pion decay constant – from QCD simulations with extremely light quarks.
Impact of strain on scaling of Double Gate nanoMOSFETs using NEGF approach
Authors: Martinez A. , Kalna K. , Svizhenko A. , Anantram M. P. , Barker J. R. , Asenov A.
Published: November 2007

The effect of biaxial strain on double gate (DG) nanoscaled MOSFET with channel lengths in the nanometre range is investigated using Non‐Equilibrium Green's Functions (NEGF) simulations. The NEGF simulations are fully 2D in order to accurately evaluate the effects of strain in strongly confined channels. Starting with a 14 nm gate length DG MOSFET with a corresponding body thickness of 9 nm we scale the transistors to gate lengths of 10, 6 and 4 nm and body thicknesses of 6.1, 2.6 and 1.3 nm, respectively. The simulated ID‐VG characteristics show 11% improvement in the oncurrent for the 14 nm gate length transistor due to theΔvalley splitting. This improvement in the on‐current is due to separate contributions from the 2 fold and 4 fold valleys to the carrier transport. However, in the device with an extreme body thickness of 1.3 nm the strain has no impact on its performance because the strong confinement itself produces a large valley splitting. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quo Vadis Nanoelectronics?
Authors: Ferry D. K.
Published: November 2007

Semiconductor devices continue to be downscaled on a regular basis as technology provides the ability to make smaller dimensions via improved lithography, a process which is known as Moore's Law. However, the driving force for the continued increase in number of devices on a chip is not this reduction in size, but the ability to put more functions on a chip with the same cost per unit area of Si. Nevertheless, it is not clear that our technology for Si devices can continue to work much longer. Here, I will discuss the driving forces, including energy dissipation, speed, area, and technological factors for the projected end‐of‐the roadmap technology. Yet, there continues to be a search for new device technologies to supplement, or replace, Si CMOS. Quantum wires have been sug‐gested in many places as a possible new technology that can provide many opportunities for enhancing chip architecture. But, the constraints on any new technology can be viewed in terms of Si cost, and the manner in which new approaches to devices can be pursued will be dis‐cussed. Some possible technologies are FinFETs, vertical quantum wires, carbon nanotubes, III‐Vs, and similar ap‐proaches. Device downsizing is only one of three driving forces that lead to Moore's Law, with increasing chip size and circuit cleverness playing an equal part. This suggests that many novel devices should not be viewed as competition to CMOS, but in the light of how they may modify the circuit architecture. Indeed, circuit clev‐erness has been as important in managing breakthroughs in the past as new processing technology. Some new op‐portunities, that arise from the nature of nanowire fabri‐cation, in these novel devices may lead to breakthroughs in the area of circuit cleverness. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Understanding selenocysteine through conformational analysis, proton affinities, acidities and bond dissociation energies
Authors: Kaur Damanjit , Sharma Punita , Bharatam Prasad V. , Kaur Mondeep
Published: November 2007

Density functional methods have been employed to characterize the gas phase conformations of selenocysteine. The 33 stable conformers of selenocysteine have been located on the potential energy surface using density functional B3LYP/6‐31+G* method. The conformers are analyzed in terms of intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. The proton affinity, gas phase acidities, and bond dissociation energies have also been evaluated for different reactive sites of selenocysteine for the five lowest energy conformers at B3LYP/6‐311++G*//B3LYP/6‐31+G* level. Evaluation of these intrinsic properties reflects the antioxidant activity of selenium in selenocysteine. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
α4/3 Conotoxins: phylogenetic distribution, functional properties, and structure–function insights
Authors: Ellison Michael , Olivera Baldomero M.
Published: November 2007

This review examines the α4/3 conotoxins as an example of molecular diversity in a class of compounds that have evolved in a group of closely related species in a single phylogenetic lineage. The species examined belong to Stephanoconus, a clade of Conus, a genus that contains 500–700 different species of carnivorous marine snails. We examine earlier work that describes the identification and characterization of α‐ImI, the founding α4/3 toxin, and two other α4/3 toxins, α‐ImII and α‐RgIA. These three toxins all inhibit nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) belonging to a subset of nAChRs that are composed of only α subunits; they are, however, diverse in terms of the all‐α subtype they preferentially antagonize and the receptor site that they bind to. We thus speculate that the α4/3 toxins may be a rich source of functionally diverse all‐α subunit nAChR inhibitors. We review extensive work that has established a detailed model for α‐ImI binding to one of its preferred nAChR subtypes (the α7 nAChR) and, by comparing the α‐ImI, α‐ImII and α‐RgIA sequences demonstrate how structural features of α4/3 peptides that account for their diverse functional properties can be identified. This approach is extended to derive models of receptor‐toxin binding that may account for the different subtype specificities of α4/3 peptides. We also speculate on how rational modification of α4/3 toxins may allow engineering of ligands with desired subtype specificities. The chemical diversity produced by the closely related animals in Stephanoconus is thus functionally differentiated, although structurally homologous. © 2007 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 7: 341–353; 2007: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20131
[{LiCH(CH2CH2OMen)SO2Ph}4] (OMen = Menthyl): Synthesis and First Structure of a Chiral Solvent Free Lithiated Sulfone with a Direct Li–C Bond
Authors: Linnert Matthias , Wagner Christoph , Merzweiler Kurt , Steinborn Dirk
Published: November 2007

R*OCH2CH2CH2SO2Ph (R*OH = MenOH, (–)‐menthol, (3a); BorOH, (1S)‐(–)‐borneol, (3b)) were found to react with n‐BuLi in n‐pentane/n‐hexane and toluene/n‐hexane under deprotonation yielding LiCH(CH2CH2OR*)SO2Ph (R* = Men, (4a); Bor, (4b)) which reacted with n‐Bu3SnCl forming the requisite tri(n‐butyl)tin compounds n‐Bu3SnCH(CH2CH2OR*)SO2Ph (R* = Men, (5a); Bor, (5b)) as diastereomeric mixtures. The identities of 5a and 5b were unambiguously proved by 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR spectroscopic measurements. Solutions of 4a afforded crystals of [{LiCH(CH2CH2OMen)SO2Ph}4] (4a′) for which the structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. Complex 4a′ crystallized in a tetrameric structure without any additional solvent molecules. There were found direct Li–C bonds (Li1–C1/Li2–C20 2.231(9)/2.236(9) Å). The tetrahedral donor set of Li is completed by three oxygen atoms. One oxygen atom comes from the OMen substituent via intramolecular coordination and two oxygen atoms come from SO2 groups of neighboured LiCH(CH2CH2OMen)SO2Ph moieties. Thus, a heterocubane structure with a Li4S4 core is built up.
La4B14O27: Ein Lanthan‐ultra‐Oxoborat mit Raumnetzstruktur
Authors: Nikelski Tanja , Schäfer Marion C. , Schleid Thomas
Published: November 2007

La4B14O27: A Lanthanum ultra‐Oxoborate with a Framework Structure

Single crystals of La4B14O27 could be synthesized by the reaction of La2O3, LaCl3 and B2O3 with an access of CsCl as fluxing agent in gastightly sealed platinum ampoules within twenty days at 710 °C and appear as colourless, transparent and waterresistant platelets. The new lanthanum oxoborate La4B14O27 (monoclinic, C2/c; a = 1120.84(9), b = 641.98(6), c = 2537.2(2) pm, β = 100.125(8)°; Z = 4) is built of a three‐dimensional boron‐oxygen framework containing seven crystallographically different boron atoms. Four of these B3+ cations are surrounded by four O2− anions tetrahedrally, whereas the other three have only three oxygen neighbours with nearly plane triangular coordination figures. Three of the [BO4]5− tetrahedra form [B3O9]9− rings by cyclic vertex‐condensation, which are further linked via [BO3]3− units to infinite layers. Two of these layers connect via one [B2O7]8− unit of two corner‐shared [BO4]5− tetrahedra to double layers, which themselves build up a three‐dimensional framework together with chains consisting of two [BO4]5− tetrahedra and one [BO3]3− triangle. One of the two crystallographically independent La3+ cations (La1) is surrounded by ten O2− anions and resides within the oxoborate double layers. (La2)3+ shows a (8+2)‐fold coordination of O2− anions and occupies channels along the [110] direction.
A Widely Applicable Synthetic Approach to Alk‐1‐yn‐1‐yl(polyfluoroorganyl)‐iodonium Salts [(RC≡C)(R′)I][BF4]
Authors: Frohn Hermann‐Josef , Bardin Vadim V.
Published: November 2007

The reaction of alkynyldifluoroboranes RC≡CBF2 (R = (CH3)3C, CF3, (CF3)2CF) with organyliodine difluoride R′IF2 bearing electron‐withdrawing polyfluoroorganyl groups R′ = C6F5, (CF3)2CFCF=CF, C4F9, and CF3CH2 leads to the corresponding alkynyl(organyl)iodonium salts [(RC≡C)(R′)I][BF4]. This approach uses a widely applicable method as demonstrated for a representative series of polyfluorinated aryl‐, alkenyl‐, and alkyliodine difluorides. Generally, these syntheses proceed with good yields and deliver pure iodonium salts. The distinct electrophilic nature of their [(RC≡C)(R′)I]+ cations is deduced from multinuclear magnetic resonance data. Within the series of new iodonium salts [CF3C≡C(C4F9)I][BF4] is an intrinsic unstable one and decomposed forming CF3C≡CI and C4F10.
The Cluster Polymers $^{1}_{\infty}\rm [PtBi_{6}Cl_{10}]$ and $^{1}_{\infty}\rm [PtBi_{6}Br_{10}]$: Synthesis, Thermochemistry, Crystal Structure and Chemical Bonding
Authors: Steden Folker , Schmidt Peer , Wahl Bernhard , Isaeva Anna , Ruck Michael
Published: November 2007

The reaction of Bi, Pt and BiX3 (X = Cl, Br) in an inert flux of AlX3 yields black crystals of the subhalides PtBi6X10. The compounds can also be obtained from the cluster salts Bi2/3[PtBi6X12] by abstracting ⅔ equivalents of BiX3. Consequently, the formation of PtBi6X10 is favored at higher temperatures when the vapor pressure p(BiX3) evolved from Bi2/3[PtBi6X12] is high. In accordance with the experimental results a quantitative thermodynamic description of the system Bi/Pt/Cl is given. X‐ray diffraction on single‐crystals at 293 K revealed that the two PtBi6X10 compounds crystallize isostructurally in the orthorhombic space group Pnma with a = 1631.4(1)/1682.39(5) pm, b = 2667.8(2)/2731.1(1) pm and c = 906.9(1)/978.30(4) pm for X = Cl/Br. The fundamental motif of the structure is the cuboctahedral [PtBi6X12] cluster, in which the platinum atom centers an octahedron of bismuth atoms whose edges are bridged by twelve halogen atoms. By sharing two halogen atoms with in each case the two neighbors the clusters are concatenated into a cis‐trans chain $^{1}_{\infty}{\rm [PtBi_{6}}X{\rm _{8}}X\rm_{4/2}]$. Despite the high metal content and their polymeric character, the compounds are semi‐conducting since all valence electrons are localized in the electron precise clusters.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Formation and Acid–Catalyzed Decomposition of the [Co(NH3)4CO3]+ Complex Cation in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Jacewicz Dagmara , Chylewska Agnieszka , Dąbrowska Aleksandra , Chmurzyński Lech
Published: November 2007

It has been found that the kinetics of acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of the [Co(NH3)4CO3]+ cation follows the rate law –d ln [complex]/d t = k1K[H+]/(1+K[H+]) (5 °C < T < 25 °C; 0.0543M < [HClO4] < 2.7M and I = 1.0M (NaClO4). The reaction course consists of a rapid pre‐equlibrium protonation followed by a rate determining ring opening process and the subsequent fast release of monodentate carbonato ligand. The changes of the absorbance for the acidic aqueous solution of the [Co(NH3)4CO3]+ complex ion proceeded at relevant wavelength in the UV‐Vis region and time course of these changes were analysed according to a programme “Glint” for the consecutive first – order reaction with two experimental rate constants kfast and kslow. Finally, the aquation mechanism has been proposed and the effect of ligand coordination mode (bidentate carbonato anion) on complex reactivity has been discussed.
Geochemical characteristics of mafic lavas from the Neotethyan ophiolites in western Turkey: implications for heterogeneous source contribution during variable stages of ocean crust generation
Authors: ALDANMAZ E. , YALINIZ M. K. , GÜCTEKIN A. , GÖNCÜOĞLU M. C.
Published: November 2007

The Late Triassic to Late Cretaceous age mafic lavas from the Neotethyan suture zone ophiolites in western Turkey exhibit a wide diversity of geochemical signatures, indicating derivation from extremely heterogeneous mantle sources. The rocks as a whole can be divided into three broad subdivisions based on their bulk-rock geochemical characteristics: (1) mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) that range in composition from light rare earth element (LREE)-depleted varieties (N-MORB; (La/Sm)N<1) through transitional MORB to LREE enriched types (E-MORB; (La/Sm)N>1); (2) the ocean island basalt (OIB)-type alkaline volcanic rocks with significant enrichment in LILE, HFSE and L-MREE, and a slight depletion in HREE, relative to normal mid-ocean ridge basalts (N-MORB); and (3) the supra-subduction zone (SSZ)-type tholeiites originated from arc mantle sources that are characterized by selective enrichments in fluid-soluble large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and LREE relative to the high field strength elements (HFSE). The formation of MORB tholeiites with variable enrichments and depletions in incompatible trace elements is probably related to the processes of crust generation along an oceanic spreading system, and the observed MORB–OIB associations can be modelled by heterogeneous source contribution and mixing of melts from chemically discrete sources from sub-lithospheric reservoirs. Evaluation of trace element systematics shows that the inferred heterogeneities within the mantle source regions are likely to have originated from continuous processes of formation and destruction of enriched mantle domains by long-term plate recycling, convective mixing and melt extraction. The origin of SSZ-type tholeiites with back-arc basin affinities, on the other hand, can be attributed to the later intra-oceanic subduction and plate convergence which led to the generation of supra-subduction-type oceanic crust as a consequence of imparting a certain extent of subduction component into the mantle melting region. Mixing of melts from a multiply depleted mantle source, which subsequently received variable re-enrichment with a subduction component, is suggested to explain the generation of supra-subduction-type oceanic crust. The geodynamic setting in which much of the SSZ-type ophiolitic extrusive rocks from western Turkey were generated can be described as an arc-basin system that is characterized by an oceanic lithosphere generation most probably associated with melting of mantle material along a supra-subduction-type spreading centre.
Evaluation and application of the CPM Dairy Nutrition model
Authors: TEDESCHI L. O. , CHALUPA W. , JANCZEWSKI E. , FOX D. G. , SNIFFEN C. , MUNSON R. , KONONOFF P. J. , BOSTON R.
Published: November 2007

The Cornell-Penn-Miner (CPM) Dairy is an applied mathematical nutrition model that computes dairy cattle requirements and the supply of energy and nutrients based on characteristics of the animal, the environment and the physicochemical composition of the feeds under diverse production scenarios. The CPM Dairy was designed as a steady-state model to use rates of degradation of feed carbohydrate and protein and the rate of passage to estimate the extent of ruminal fermentation, microbial growth, and intestinal digestibility of carbohydrate and protein fractions in computing energy and protein post-rumen absorption, and the supply of metabolizable energy and protein to the animal. The CPM Dairy version 3.0 (CPM Dairy 3.0) includes an expanded carbohydrate fractionation scheme to facilitate the characterization of individual feeds and a sub-model to predict ruminal metabolism and intestinal absorption of long chain fatty acids. The CPM Dairy includes a non-linear optimization algorithm that allows for least-cost formulation of diets while meeting animal performance, feed availability and environmental restrictions of modern dairy cattle production. When the CPM Dairy 3.0 was evaluated with data of 228 individual lactating dairy cows containing appropriate information including observed dry matter intake, the linear regression between observed and model-predicted milk production values indicated the model was able to account for 79·8% of the variation. The concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was high (rc=0·89) without a significant mean bias (0·52 kg/d;P=0·12). The accuracy estimated by the CCC was 0·997. The root of mean square error of prediction (MSEP) was 5·14 kg/d (0·16 of the observed mean) and 87·3% of the MSEP was due to random errors, suggesting little systematic bias in predicting milk production of high-producing dairy cattle. Based upon these evaluations, it was concluded the CPM Dairy 3.0 model adequately predicts milk production at the farm level when appropriate animal characterization, feed composition and feed intake are provided; however, further improvements are needed to account for individual animal variation.
Craniometaphyseal dysplasia
Authors: Martin F. W.
Published: November 2007

A case report of craniometaphyseal dysplasia is presented with a classification of this disease, supported by a review of the literature. Certain unusual features are observed—mastoid surgery and later contralateral temporary facial paresis. The patient showed no further deterioration of symptoms when last reviewed.

Craniometaphyseal dysplasia is one of a number of craniotubular bony dysplasias. These dysplasias are characterized by (a) genetic transmission and (b) dysplastic or hyperostotic involvement of the cranial and tubular bones (Gorlin, et al., 1969). Craniometaphyseal dysplasia may be dominant or recessive in form, the latter being more severe in its clinical manifestations, viz. nasal obstruction and deformity and cranial nerve palsies, such as optic atrophy and loss of hearing. There may also be enlargement of the mandible and flaring of the metaphyses of long bones on X-ray examination.
Case report
Authors: Cook Peter L. , May Brendan R.
Published: November 2007

Abstract A CASE is presented in which a post-cricoid web was shown arising posteriorly instead of in the almost invariable anterior situation. The patient was not anaemic and some brief comments are made on the inconstant relationship between anaemia and the presence of a web.

Kelly (1919) related dysphagia to anaemia and described how ‘the gullet seemed closed by a web passing backwards from the cricoid’. Subsequent authors emphasize this and Waldenstrom and Kjellberg (1939) state that radiologically and at oesophagosopy there is ‘a thin semilunar membrane on the anterior wall stretching towards the lateral walls of the gullet’ Shamma'a and Benedict (1958) and Seaman (1967) state that webs arise anteriorly but may be circumferential.

This report presents a patient with longstanding dysphagia and anaemia in whom a posterior pharyngeal web was shown.
Aural myiasis
Authors: Sharan R. , Isser D. K.
Published: November 2007

A series of 14 cases of aural myiasis is reported. In no case unassociated with otitis media was perforation in the tympanic membrane seen. Local treatment with turpentine oil or ether was prescribed.

Myiasis may be defined as infection of vertebrates with the larvae (maggots) ofDiptera flieswhich feed on the tissues of the host. It has also been called ‘Peenash’ or ‘Scholichiasis’. It is usually seen in the tropics. Myiasis is a far greater problem in sheep, cattle and deer than in man and there is no form of myiasis found exclusively in man. It may involve the nose, ears, eyes, mouth, tonsils, teeth, tracheostomy wounds, skin, vagina, urinary bladder and intestinal tract.

Myiasis is produced by flies belonging to the Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Gastrophilidae, Cuteribridae and species of Musca, Famina, Chrysomyia, C. vicinia, C. americana and the Tumbu fly. As reported by Sood et al. (1976) the commonest genera are Sarcophagidae. Rao (1929) reported that the causative flies for myiasis in India belong to the Muscae and Sarcophagadae.

Myiasis of the ear is very rarely seen. The earliest report so far available in the literature is that by Brauneck in 1949, followed by others from Sahay (1959), Mishra and Mehta (1960), Bhatia and Dayal (1975), and Sood et al. (1976).

In the present series 14 cases of aural myiasis out of 48 cases of myiasis seen during the period from 1965 to 1977 are presented. Of the remaining 34 cases 29 were of nasal myiasis and 5 of nasopalatine myiasis.
Metastatic melanoma involving the left maxillary antrum
Authors: Meyer Jack E. , Rogers William P. , Leiter Bruce
Published: November 2007

Malignant melanoma may metastasize to any anatomic site via the hematogenous route. A patient is described in whom a metastasis developed in the left maxillary antrum and nasal cavity and who received successful palliative surgical and radiotherapeutic treatment.

Metastatic carcinoma involving the paranasal sinuses has been reported most frequently secondary to renal cell tumors, followed by carcinoma of the lung and breast (Jortay, 1971; Robinson, 1973; Friedmann and Osborn, 1965; Bernstein et al., 1966). These tumor deposits are often diagnosed in a setting of diffuse metastatic disease or discovered at post-mortem examination. A patient recently treated at Pondville Hospital had symptomatic metastatic melanoma involving the left maxillary antrum and nasal cavity. Following surgical treat-ment, palliative radiotherapy was successfully delivered on three occasions providing symptomatic relief over the subsequent 17 months prior to the patient's death.
Hearing loss in perforations of the tympanic membrane
Authors: Ahmad S. W. , Ramani G. V.
Published: November 2007

70 Patients with dry central perforations have been studied to assess the hearing loss. The hearing loss is greater at the lower frequencies and increases with the size of the perforation. Malleolar perforations cause more hearing loss than the non-malleolar unless the perforation involves less than 10 per cent of the tympanic membrance surface area. Perforations of the postero-inferior quadrant cause more hearing loss than those in the antero-inferior quadrant.

The large effective surgace area of an intact and normally vibrating tympanic membrane plays a major role in the middle ear transformer mechanism. The loss of this surface area by perforation is bound to cause deafness (Mawson, 1962). The degree of hearing loss has been extensively studied in human cadavers (Békésy, 1939) and in cats (Bordley and Hardy, 1937; Payne and Githler, 1951) but not much published work is available on any detailed clinical study in human beings. Most authors have generally stated that ‘small perforations’ have little effect on hearing, and only low tones are affected (Wever and Lawrence, 1954). In two individuals, Bordley and Hardy (1937) found average losses of 12 dB over frequencies ranging from 256 to 4,096 Hz. 10–30 dB loss is quoted by Simpson et al. (1967), and 20–45 dB loss in the speech frequencies by Thorburn (1971). It has been a general view that the hearing loss increases with the size of the perforation, more so it if is located in the postero-inferior quadrant (Mawson, 1962; Simpson et al., 1967; Thorburn, 1971). In a retrospective study of audiograms in 103 cases, Anthony and Harrison (1972) found that the maximum average loss occurred at 250 Hz., the loss being less in ‘small’ perforations (less than 2 mm. diameter) than in large ones, less in perforations touching the manubrium than in those away from it, and also less in perforations of the antero-inferior quadrant than in those in the postero-inferior quadrant.
Bullous myringitis: its relation to sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Feinmesser R. , Weissel M. J. , Levi H. , Weiss S.
Published: November 2007

Bullous myringitis is considered to be a self-limiting disease without complications. Clinical evidence has shown it to be frequently accompanied by sensorineural hearing loss, more often than it was thought to be.

The case of a 20-year-old girl is presented in whom bullous myringitis was accompanied by transient sensorineural hearing loss. The site of the lesion was determined to be in the cochlea. We determined, with a high degree of certainty, that the causative agent was mycoplasma.
Hearing impairment and facial palsy as initial signs of Wegener's granulomatosis
Authors: Calonius I. H. , Christensen C. K.
Published: November 2007

In two patients with Wegener's granulomatosis, treatment-resistant serous otitis media was followed by unilateral facial nerve palsy. Later both patients developed uraemia due to extracapillary glomerulonephritis. In one of them, who was treated with prednisone and cyclophosphamide, renal function improved, while in the other patient it remained impaired. Both patients suffered lasting hearing impairment in spite of general improvement during the course of the disease. The facial nerve palsy improved slightly in one, while no improvement was seen in the other.

The possibility of Wegener's granulomatosis or other autoimmune collagen diseases should be considered in cases of treatment-resistant serous otitis media. Early diagnosis and treatment can possibly save the patient from the lifethreatening consequences of these diseases.
Neuroleptanalgesia in otorhinolaryngology
Authors: Vishwakarma S. K. , Gupta Rajesh
Published: November 2007

NEUROLEPTANALGESIA is described for its use in the management of otolaryngologic cases undergoing elective surgery. 100 cases have been reviewed extensively. The advantages and possible problems are outlined. It seems to be a highly satisfactory alternative to conventional general anesthetic techniques for most ear, nose and throat procedures and operations, where quiescence rather than anesthesia is required. The absence of direct myocardial depression and a marked decrease in operative and post-operative morbidity constitute the principal advantages.
A preliminary report on the combination of initial chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced head and neck cancer
Authors: Sergeant R. , Deutsch G.
Published: November 2007

A Retrospective review of 45 patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated by a combination of initial chemotherapy (Price and Hill Schedule A) followed by radiotherapy is presented. The regime produced excellent immediate palliation with a tumour control of 50 per cent, and a disease-free survival of 33 per cent at one year and 27 per cent at two years. Treatment morbidity was minimal in an aged patient group.
Tympanic plethysmography in glomus jugulare tumours
Authors: Tewfik Sayed
Published: November 2007

Tympanic plethysmography is a simple non-invasive diagnostic technique which is used to differentiate between intra-temporal carotid aneurysms and glomus jugulare tumours and to predict the degree of extension of the tumour. It is performed by the indirect recording of volume pressure changes of pulsating tympanic masses using a pressure transducer. The volume pressure change of the pulsating mass is transmitted to the pressure transducer through a saline-filled system.

Medical technology has undergone considerable progress with the introduction of new techniques in medical diagnosis less harmful to the patient and with a reduced risk of complications. The collaboration of doctors, scientists and bioengineers has resulted in the evolution of such changes, thereby trying to replace the more aggressive or invasive diagnostic techniques. The ideal diagnostic technology is one without pain, harm or complications to the patient.

Medical diagnostic technology may be classified as invasive or noninvasive. Non-invasive diagnostic technology is either active, using an external source of energy such as ultrasound (ultrasonography) or a small dose of X-rays, as in computerized axial tomography; or passive, using the energy emitted by human structures, as in plethysmography.

Plethysmography is the recording of volume pressure changes. Oculoplethysmography is used to monitor extracranial occlusive carotid disease (Kartchner and McRae, 1973). The use of sound energy as an internal energy emitted by the human body has proved effective as a passive, non-invasive diagnostic technique (Tewfik, 1976, 1977).

Volume pressure changes of intra-temporal carotid aneurysms have been recorded, using a pressure transducer (Tewfik, 1974).

In this article the volume pressure changes of glomus jugulare tumours have been recorded and the findings compared with those obtained, and previously published, for intra-temporal carotid aneurysms. Volume pressure changes of pulsating tympanic masses may be called tympanic plethysmography. A trial of this simple non-invasive diagnostic technique for differentiating pulsating tympanic masses is here reported, together with an assessment of the technique in its ability to predict the degree of extension of glomus jugulare tumours.
Laryngeal salivary duct carcinoma
Authors: Ferlito A. , Gale N. , Hvala H.
Published: November 2007

The light microscopic and ultrastructural features of a laryngeal salivary duct carcinoma are presented. By light microscopy, the neoplasm bore a marked resemblance to the infiltrating duct carcinoma of the breast. Ultrastructurally, the tumour was characterized by the presence of two principal types of cells, i.e. epithelial and myoepithelial cells, arranged in duct-formation.
Comparison of pre- and post-operative bacteriology of chronic ears
Authors: Ojala Kauko , Sorri Martti , Rihikangas Pauli , Sipilä Pekka
Published: November 2007

The over-all distribution of the pre-operative bacteria of 806 ears and the post-operative bacteria of 109 post-operatively moist or discharging ears correlated very well, the only clear difference being the detection of diphtheroid bacilli more often post-operatively than pre-operatively.

When comparing the pre- and post-operative bacteriology of 109 post-operatively infected chronic ears which had undergone radical surgery and obliteration with Palva flaps (and which were drawn from a group of 806 ears originally operated on and followed yearly for 5–14 years) it was noticed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus sp were cultured more often post-operatively than pre-operatively in the same ears. Statistically, other bacteria were not found to be significantly present in the same ears.
Rhinomanometry and septoplasty
Authors: Nicklasson Børre , Sundén Lars
Published: November 2007

36 Patients showing increased nasal resistance were investigated before and after septoplasty. A simple method of evaluating the rhinomanometric curve has been applied. The patients were operated on consecutively in 1978–79 by the authors. Three months after operation they were followed up regarding nasal anatomy and nasal resistance. The investigation shows that this method may be of value in selecting patients suitable for septoplasty.
Intraductal carcinoma of the minor salivary gland
Authors: Chen Karl T. K.
Published: November 2007

A case of intraductal carcinoma of the minor salivary gland is reported. It appears to represent the preinvasive phase of infiltrating salivary duct carcinoma. A five-year follow-up showed neither recurrence nor metastasis.