bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Material Properties and Force of 6-Year-Old Children Lumbar FEM
Authors: Ruan Jesse , Yu Ao Yang , Zhao Wei , Li Hai Yan
Published: July 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate injury mechanism and injury biomechanical response of children lumbar segment L4-L5. Firstly, the geometric model of lumbar segment at L4-L5 was extracted from CT scan images of a healthy 6-year-old child for from repairing and refining by reverse engineering software Geomagic to finite element (FE) pre-processing by Hypermesh. The FE model was calculated by LS-Dyna under the conditions given by cadaveric experiments, in which a static load was applied to the center of lumber segment at L4-L5 by a metal plate. The static load was subsequently moved forward and backward 10mm in sagittal plane, respectively. The interfacial force between articular surfaces was the objective to investigate for the comparison between the simulation and the cadaveric experiment as well as the simulation by adult FE model. The simulated results showed that the displacement between L4 and L5 of children was, to some extent, smaller than that of adults. The ratio of calculated force between articular surfaces of L4-L5 of children to the applied force moreover was, to a great extent, smaller than that of adults. Children are much easier to be rendered injury at L4-L5 than adults are, because articular surfaces of children relatively more slightly contribute to distributing the force that nucleus pulposus undergoes than those of adults do. Hence, the current study could be perceived as a theoretical basis for the product design toward vehicle safety.
Expert System for Acidizing Based on BP Neural Network
Authors: Xue Heng , Liu Ping Li , Li Nian Yin , Luo Zhi Feng , Zhao Li Qiang
Published: July 2012

The technique of acidizing stimulation is one of the most critical measures in petroleum industry to enhance production. As acidizing technique being an integrated course which combines science, practice and experience in one, it cannot be explained by mathematical technique precisely. For conventional acidizing, the workload is extremely huge and complicated, since it has built an extensive database with the help of a huge amount of the application samples. The Neural Network has the generalization ability, which not only has the most consistency with training samples, but also is a dependable network for predication of test samples, whose data distribution is similar to the previous ones. Expert system for acidizing based on the BP Neural Networks can predict a favorable acidizing fluids system and suitable dosage reasonably, effectively and accurately with a large pool of initial input parameters. Thereby this expert system can assist field application and realize the systematization and intelligence in oil field.
Applied Research of BP Neural Network in Remote Marine Diesel Engine Fault Diagnosis System
Authors: Song Xin Gang , Miao Yu Na , Ma Qiang , Guo Xiao Jie
Published: July 2012

In order to detect and diagnose abnormal conditions of marine diesel engine and ensure its normal functioning, the present study adopts the BP neural network and related algorithms to determine the remote fault diagnosis process. Taking the design of exhaust gas temperature remote monitoring sub-system as an example, MATLAB programming was used for data simulation and verification. The applying of the system on board a real ship shows that it has a high working rate, a reliable and safe storage mode and a self- adaptive process.
Thermal Analysis of an Anodic Oxide Coating Diesel Engine Piston Using 3-D Finite Element Method
Authors: Liu Yu Wei , Zhang Wei Zheng , Cao Yuan Fu
Published: July 2012

According to the phenomenon that the piston’s reliability and durability have been significantly weakened due to its high temperature, hard anodizing is used to hinder the heat transfer from the combustion gas to the metal base of the piston. Thermal analyses are performed on pistons with different thicknesses of anodic oxide coatings. The effects of coatings on the thermal behaviors of the pistons are investigated. The numerical results are compared with each other. It has been shown that the maximum surface temperature of the coated pistons with anodic oxide coating which has low thermal conductivity are significantly improved. Also, considering the hard anodizing process, the 100 ~ 150μm thickness of the anodic oxide coating would meet the requirements of the piston’s reliability.
An Investigation of Springback in U-Channel Sheet Metal by Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Alagappan Gopi , Masood Syed H. , Wang Xuan Zhi
Published: July 2012

In sheet metal forming, springback is defined as an elastic material recovery after unloading of the forming tools. Springback causes variations and inconsistencies of final part dimensions. Therefore prediction of springback is very important for production of precise products used in automobile and aerospace industries. There are various parameters involved in the process of sheet metal forming, including Young’s modulus, coefficient of friction, Poisson’s ratio, blank thickness, blank length, die radius, punch radius and blank holder force. The aim of this paper is to investigate the springback of a U-channel part by finite element analysis (FEA) and to identify the influences of important parameters on the springback of advanced high strength steels (AHSS) using numerical simulation.
Parameter Optimization for Drilling Micro Holes in Tigr 5 by Electrochemical Micro Machining
Authors: Tamil Selvan R. , Kartikeyan T. , Vendan S. Arungalai
Published: July 2012

Electrochemical Micro-Machining fields the solution for the challenges posed by future micro and nano machining technique as it offers innumerable advantages. The electrochemical micro machining can effectively be used for high precision machining operations. Intended for micro fabrication of TiGr5 based components like Nozzle Plate for Ink Jet Printer head and delicate 3D -electronic circuit board components, and components of avionics, the electrochemical micromachining is primarily employed. In this research study, an attempt is being made to evaluate and access the influence of machining parameters namely the voltage, current, electrolyte concentration and pulse on off ratio on the Radial overcut, and Machining Time during drilling of micro holes in 0.5mm thick TiGr 5. Preliminary investigations are carried out to create an optimized parameter window that defines the operating range of the governing parameters. Further, a central composite factorial experimental design technique is being applied to determine the optimal combination of the machining parameters level. Response surface methodology is used to determine the influence of the varying input parameters on the output product features.
A Postprocessor for Generating Multi-Axis Polynomial Interpolation NC Machining Program
Authors: Mou Wen Ping , Li Ying Guang , Shen Wei Ming , Tang Li Min
Published: July 2012

Multi-axis CNC machining shows great advantages in manufacturing parts with geometries being defined by complex surfaces. NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline) interpolation and polynomial interpolation are two new types of interpolation to improve productivity. Compared to the NURBS interpolation, the polynomial interpolation can gain higher productivity. However, no commercial software tool is available to generate polynomial interpolation CNC programs. This paper proposes a postprocessor to generate polynomial interpolation multi-axis CNC program. A case study with simulations demonstrated that the polynomial interpolation program generated by the proposed postprocessor has higher machining efficiency than liner interpolation and NURBS interpolation program.
Calcined Kaolin Geopolymeric Powder: Influence of Water-to-Geopolymeric Powder Ratio
Authors: Liew Y.M. , Kamarudin H. , Al Bakri A.M. Mustafa , Binhussain M. , Musa Luqman , Khairul Nizar I. , Ghazali Che Mohd Ruzaidi , Heah C.Y.
Published: July 2012

This paper describes the synthesis of calcined kaolin geopolymeric powder from the alkaline activation of calcined kaolin followed by solidification and pulverizing process. The geopolymeric powder was used by just adding water to produce resulted geopolymer paste. In this paper, the effect of water-to-geopolymeric powder ratios on the properties of the resulted geopolymer paste was studied. This water-to-geopolymer powder ratio was similar to that of water-to-cement ratio in the case of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). However, the concept used here was based on geopolymerization process. The compressive strength, setting time and SEM analysis of the resulted geopolymer pastes were conducted. Highest strength was achieved at water-to-geopolymer powder ratio of 0.22. The resulted geopolymer paste could be handled up to 120 minutes and reached final setting after about 4 hours of setting. Microstructure showed the formation of geopolymeric gel after the addition of water to the geopolymeric powder.
Application of NC Machining Simulation System Based on VERICUT
Authors: Xu Dong Feng , Chen Yan , Cai Wei Liang , Xiang He Ping
Published: July 2012

In order to achieve simulation validation before machining and optimization for the processing, the vertical NC miller machining simulation system based on VERICUT was built on. Analysis showed the framework of simulation system, and researched the implementation processing of simulation system from the built of virtual machine model, setting of virtual processing environment, configuration of simulation and etc. Finally, a simulation machining instance was given by applying this system, and NC tool path was also been optimized which played a good effect.
A Solution to Weibull Prior Distribution of CNC Life-Span Using Information Entropy Theory
Authors: Yang Zhao Jun , Wang Wei , Chen Fei , Wang Kai , Li Xiao Bing , Wang Yin Kai
Published: July 2012

By using the information entropy theory, a solution to Weibull-small sample prior distribution of system reliability is proposed, which aims at solving the reliability estimation of high-end CNC. Firstly, the prior information is converted from subsystem level into system level based on entropy theory. Then, the prior distribution is solved with the constrained maximum entropy method. Finally, multi-information is fused based on the entropy weighs. It is proved by a case example that this method can obtained the prior distribution under Webull-small sample effectively.
A Study on the Electrical Silicon Sheet Punch Wear Machined by W-EDM
Authors: Liu Cun Ping , Yuan Yong Fu , Yang Yu , Liu Yong
Published: July 2012

The effect of using Cr12MoV steel made by Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (W-EDM) for electrical silicon sheet punches was characterized and investigated. The surface roughness and HRC of the samples so prepared was examined. Wear resistance of the Cr12Mov for punch by W-EDM treatment was assessed by measurement of weight method. The results show that the W-EDM parameters influence the punches’ wear resistance and wear weight loss was influenced by hardness loss greatly.
Study on Engineering Mechanical Properties of Mayanpo Slope at Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station
Authors: Sun Jian Hui , Jiang Long , Wang Wan Shun , Xiong Chen Lin , Zhu Zhao Hui
Published: July 2012

Through the field test of Mayanpo slope at Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station, external deformation, deep deformation, groundwater level and stability of the slope with weak interlayer are analyzed in this paper. The results show that: ① displacement deformation increases with time and decreases with increasing depth. Changes of displacement can be divided into three stages: deformation rapidly increases in the early, and slowly increases in the medium, and becomes gradually stable in the later. Changing rate of displacement decreases with time, and the rate can also be divided into three stages, basically consistent with the displacement changing stage; ② a certain thickness of weak interlayer and evident dislocation exists in slope strata. Dislocation rate first increases and then decreases until basically stable, and local fluctuation is mainly affected by rainfall and dynamic equilibrium adjustment of the slope internal deformation; ③based on the penalty function contact of pile soil and the surface of rock mass, the three-dimensional numerical model of coupling of seepage and strain has been established, and through analyzing and comparing with field test data, it is verified that the model is feasible in the study on slope deformation; ④ through stability analysis of Mayanpo slope by strength reduction FEM, stability coefficient is 1.72.
A New Reliability Prediction Method Based on Physics of Failure Method for Product Design and Manufacture
Authors: Wang Xing Hao , Shao Jiang , Liu Xiao Yu
Published: July 2012

Different from the reliability prediction method on handbook, the reliability prediction method based on Physics of Failure (PoF) model takes failure mechanism as theoretical basis, and combines the design in-formation with the environment stress of the product to predict the time to failure. When the uncertain of the parameters is considered to predict the reliability, Monte-Carlo calculation method is always used here. How-ever, the Monte-Carlo method needs large computational cost, especially for large and complicated electronic systems. A new reliability prediction method which combines the first order reliability with the reliability pre-diction method based on PoF model was proposed. The new method utilized the first order method to calculate the position of design point and reliability index, thus Monte-Carlo calculation process was avoided. Example calculation results showed that the new method improves the prediction efficiency without decreasing the accuracy of reliability, thus it is feasible for reliability prediction of electronic product in engineering.
Research Progress on Electrostatic Discharge Failure Models in Semiconductor Materials
Authors: Liu Xiao Yu , Shao Jiang , Wang Xing Hao , Lu Feng Ming
Published: July 2012

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a single, fast, high current transfer of electrostatic charge between two objects at different electrostatic potentials, and it is one of the most important failure mechanisms in integrated circuits due to their complex operation condition. The modes, mechanism, and models of the ESD failure were discussed. Firstly failure modes of ESD were classified and the failure mechanisms were described. Then three failure models including Wunsch and Bell model, Speakman model and Tasca model were summarized. The differences of the assumption and application area of these models were discussed in detail later. At last, suggestions for future studying ESD physics of failure model were proposed.
A New Palladium-Free Surface Activation Process for Cu Electroless Plating on ABS Plastic
Authors: Wang Xu
Published: July 2012

An environment-friendly surface etching and activation technics for ABS surface metallization were investigated as a replacement for conventional chromic acid etching bath and palladium catalyst. After etching by H2SO4-MnO2 colloid, the ABS surfaces became roughness; meanwhile the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups were formed on the surface. With absorption and a reduction by a dimethylamineborane solution, nickel particles were deposited on the ABS surface, which serves as a catalyst replacement for SnCl2/PdCl2 colloid. The effects of NiSO4 concentration, (CH3) 2NHBH3 concentration, reduction temperature and reduction time on the adhesion strength between the ABS surface and the electroless copper film were investigated.
A New Design Method for the Fault Diagnosis on the Rotating Rectifier of Aeronautic Synchronous Generator
Authors: Liu Yong Zhi , Liu Cong
Published: July 2012

A new method of fault diagnosis on the rotating rectifier of aeronautic synchronous is raised in the work. Firstly, the condition, truth and approach of EMD are introduced, and the method and steps of building up the feature vector are also included, Secondly the theories of LS-SVM and the arithmetic in the classification are also included. Finally taking the faults of one and two diodes turning off for example, after extracting the feature vector of exciting current based on EMD and establishing the classifying method based on Gauss RBF LS-SVM, the test, analysis and comparison can be on between LS-SVM and NN the conclusion can be got that the classified method referred in the work owns higher exactness, takes less time and has more application on the on-line fault diagnosis NN.
The Influence of Skin Effect on Via-Vicinity-Interfaces Current Density of Cu Interconnects
Authors: Yao Ming , Zhang Xu Liang
Published: July 2012

This paper presents a research on skin effect’s influence on the current density distribution of Cu/barrier layer and Cu/cap layer interfaces of copper interconnects’ via vicinities. A two-level Cu-interconnect structure in different positional relationships with the ground plane is discussed. Through the three-dimensional (3D) finite element simulation of the interconnect structure, the variations of current density on three important surface areas are obtained when skin effect is significant, showing that the current density in the three surface areas near the via has been strongly influenced by current crowding and skin effect. So in many cases the influence of skin effect on via top and via bottom failures of Cu interconnects under high frequencies can not be ignored.
The Study on Weld Tracking of TIG Based on Rotating Arc
Authors: Jia Jian Ping , Liu Yun Long , Chen Jian Ping , Zhang Ya Qin
Published: July 2012

Aimed at the situation that the welding voltage is easy to be disturbed by the voice outside, median filtering and average filtering are adopted to filtering signal of the voltage the rotating arc sensor collected in this paper. They can make the voltage waveform get obvious improvement. In order to get information which the welding torch deviated the welding seam more accurately, left and right integration, Characteristic Harmonics method and welding torch deviation recognition algorithm are adopted to identify the deviations in this paper. Finally compare the two kinds of identification deviation methods and obtain better welding torch deviated information.
The Key Factor Research in Automobile Covering Mechanical Manufacturing Process
Authors: Zhang Xin Jie , Zhou Jian Qiang
Published: July 2012

The influence rules of the different parameters on automotive covering stamping forming and springback, such as blank-hold force、friction condition、draw-bead is studied using the FEM simulation software DYNAFORM combined with the elastic and plastic FEM. In practical production process, through reasonable setting of process parameters, the springback is effectively controlled, the quality of the products is improved.
Analysis on Melting Mechanism in the Cross Section of Co-Rotating Twin Screw Extruder
Authors: Liang Chang , Wang Kui Sheng , Luo Bing
Published: July 2012

In this paper, melting process in a co-rotating twin screw extruder was studied based on two dimensional melting model of flow field cross section. Positive displacement conveying characteristic in the melting section was assumed and melting process of each section was regarded as the result of time evolution. Procedure of melting was analyzed according to experiments and numerical simulations, both indicating that solid materials in the flight zones would melt firstly and carcass wrapped in the middle of melt would be molten finally. Liquid fraction contours showed that flow of hot melt played an important role in the melting process of cross section. Four types of melting mechanisms were summarized, in which viscous dissipation heat was discussed in detail, showing that viscous dissipation contributed about 10%-30% to the total energy needed during melting. Screw speed affected viscous dissipation significantly, while heating flux of barrel had little influence on it.
Products Yield and Some Properties of Bio- Oil from Three Weed Plants Produced by Continuous Pyrolysis Reactor
Authors: Promdee Kittiphop , Vitidsant Tharapong , Ruengvilairat Peerapon
Published: July 2012

The bio-oil products by continuous pyrolysis reactor, which takes place at temperatures in the range of 450-600°C, were to compare the quality of bio-oil extracted from different residual plants were, 1) Oil palm bunch [OPB], 2) Water hyacinth [WHC], and 3) Manila grass [MNG]. The preliminary analyses of three residual plants showed that the liquid yield of bio-oil obtained from OPB was highest (29.55 %) and liquid yield of bio-oil obtained from WHC was lowest (28.3 %)., at 350 rpm., and liquid yield of bio-oil obtained from OPB, WHC and MNG were 55.6, 25.55 and 25.67 %, at 150 rpm., respectively. The results showed that biomass extracted from three residual plants had good qualities because of low moisture content and high fixed carbon. The element contents of three residual plants found that high carbon content. The amount of carbon in the bio-oil obtained from OPB, WHC and MNG were 55.91, 55.57, and 55.03 wt.%., respectively., carbon was relatively high in three residual plants. Hence; In this research are concerns the feeding rate, the control gas flow, the temperatures in reactor and reactor operate for produce the hi quality of bio-oil with three residual plants of resist in Thailand.
Analysis Design Performance of Tircone Bit
Authors: Lin Yu Long
Published: July 2012

There were described about the basic theory and methods, main content, and functional characteristics of the performance analysis of three-cone drill bit. From the several key areas in drill bit design, the objectives and approaches of optimization are analyzed, and its impact on design quality of drill is also discussed. Based on the geometry and kinematics theories of cone bit, the analytical equations and performance analysis method is established. The problem of accurate calculation about the meshing clearance of ring gears is solved; the optimization problem of tooth structure parameters is also figured out about ring layout, pitch distribution and so on; the performance indicators are also analyzed and calculated about bottom cover, bottom track and horizontal sliding and so on. With the method, the drill bit performance could be predict analyzed and the design can be evaluated that enhance the design science and reliability.
Study on Cold Extrusion Technology of 20Cr Bevel Gears
Authors: Yang Shao Rong , Lu Yun Feng
Published: July 2012

In this paper we present the cold extrusion shaping technology of 20Cr bevel gears. First, we analyzed a series of processing and treatment referring to bevel gear cold extrusion technology and calculated the cold extrusion pressures used for mold design; then, we designed and cold extruded two- or three-ring composite cold extrusion dies with its precise guiding device; and last, we experimentally tested our designed and extruded bevel gear. The results showed that 20Cr bevel gears shaped with cold extrusion have qualified properties and satisfy application requirements within the required error range. This research is of significance in actual cold extrusion production.
The Design of On-Board Supercapacitor Energy Storage System of Electric-Car
Authors: Wang Rui Lan
Published: July 2012

Electric energy is the most convenient and clean energy sources, and it is used far and wide. While there are many problems of power quality which imperil greatly electronic loads. Modern times, high quality power supply is required by modern manufacturers, and a quick and efficient energy storage technology is now starved for in order to improve and solve the transitory power quality.As a new kind of energy storage component, super capacitors have fast response, high charge-discharge efficiency. This paper focuses on the application background that the super capacitor DC energy storage unit can improve the quality of electric energy, establish a mathematical model of the storage unit, analysis and design the control scheme of super capacitor DC storage energy system, to achieve rapid compensation of the instantaneous power of the system, effectively improving the power quality and stability of the system.
Experimental Study on Temperature Lifting of Heat Pump System at Initial Drying Stage
Authors: Zhang Xiu Jun , Shang Li Na
Published: July 2012

In order to increase drying rate at initial stage, the heat pump drying systems often lift temperature of the drying air assisted with electrical heating. However, power consumption of drying systems is raised. By taking advantage of an auxiliary evaporator and adjusting its fluid fluxes, the heat pump drying systems can acquire the same results of lifting temperature as those assisted with electrical heating. Experiment results demonstrate that the heat pump unit with an auxiliary evaporator is able to not only lift temperature quickly at initial drying stage, but also enhance the material dehumidification obviously when drying temperature ranges from 40°C to 55°C.
An Interchangeable Turning Sprue Bushing in a Multi Cavity Family Injection Mold
Authors: Mohd Dahan Rozana , Yasin Saiful Bahri Mohd , Razak Zakaria , Omar Mohd Helmi
Published: July 2012

Interchangeable Turning Sprue Bushing (ITSB) is a small insert at the centre of core side used to change runner directions for injecting 2 different products in a separate injection mold by shifting the melt filling to the cavities. The development of ITSB is significant in cutting down cost and time consumed during fabrication of a multi cavity family mold. In this study, the tensile and flexural test pieces were designed using CAD Solidwork. The test pieces analysis was performed using CAE Cadmould simulation in order to observe the melt flow of four multi cavities family mold incorporated without and with ITSB insert. The Cadmould simulation was used specifically to analyse the melt filling, temperature distribution and volume shrinkage of the test pieces. The simulation result demonstrated that ITSB is a useful insert that can be used to overcome problems encountered in the family mold system by balancing the melt filling, minimize temperature distribution and reduced the differential of volume shrinkage of the test piece manufactured. ITSB also reduced the frequent defects formed during production such as short molding, flashing and warpage.
The Research on Designing a Scale Ship Model Based on Cathode Protection
Authors: Liu Yi , Ji Dou , Wang Xiang Jun
Published: July 2012

Cathode protection is a common ship electric protection method, a large number of researchers studies cathode protection by making appropriate ship models and then applied to the actual ship. However, the design and production of ship model will directly affect the results of the study. In this paper, firstly analysis the similarity theory from the perspective of cathode protection, then propose the considerations when designing a ship model according to the analysis results and finally gives a electric field distribution characteristics when a finished ship models doing cathode protection. From the results, this paper consider the cathode protection, proposed the design factors for producing a good performance scale ship model.
A Kind of Adaptive Quantum Particle Swarm Algorithm Based on Phase Encoding
Authors: Pan Jun Hui , Wang Hui , Li Pan Chi
Published: July 2012

To improve the optimization performance of particle swarm, an adaptive quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. In the algorithm, the spatial position of particles is described by the phase of quantum bits, and the position mutation of particles is achieved by Pauli-Z gates. An adaptive determination method of the global-factors is proposed by studying the relationship among inertia factors, self-factors and global-factors. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is much better than the standard particle swarm algorithm by solving the function extremum optimization problems.
Mathematical Modelling and Optimization of Photochemical Machining
Authors: Saraf Atul R. , Misal Nitin D. , Sadaiah M.
Published: July 2012

Photochemical Machining is a novel machining process capable of processing wide range of hard-to-machine materials. This research addresses modelling and optimization of the process parameters for this machining technique. To model the process a set of experimental data has been used to evaluate the effects of various parameter settings in machining of SS316L. The process variables considered here include etchant temperature, time and concentration. Undercut, as one of the most important output characteristics, has been evaluated based on different parameter settings. The full factorial method and regression modelling are used in order to establish the relationships between input and output parameters. The effect of control parameters on undercut was analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique and their optimal conditions were evaluated. It was found that etchant temperature and etching time are the most significant factors for undercut.
Dynamic Measurement of Liquid Volume in Artillery Recuperator Based on Virtual Instrument
Authors: Li Tao , Zheng Li Ping , Yan Wen , Qi Chun Yang
Published: July 2012

This paper researches the current methods of liquid measure in the recuperator, for the deficiency of current detection methods, design a new system for measuring the liquid volume. The system changes the gas pressure and volume by releasing liquid ,and utilize pressure sensor to measure the liquid volume. Using advanced sensor technology and computer technology to quickly and accurately calculate fluid volume，effectively solve the conflict between accuracy and efficiency.
The Development and Application of VR Simulation System Based on the Elevator Manufacture System
Authors: Shan Li Juan , Liu Peng
Published: July 2012

In this thesis, the problem of elevator manufacture system in domestic practice was analyzed. The variables and parameters, which had an impact on the service quality of elevator traffic system directly, were presented detailed comparison and analysis. And then the expressions of these variables and values of parameters were edited, according to the situation of origin country. The computer aided design software was designed. Now, this VR simulation system software has passed the testing, and has also achieved successful application in design of elevator manufacture system.
Investigation on Flame Retardant and Thermal Properties of Novel Intumescent Flame Retardant Low-Density Polyethylene Composites
Authors: Liu Xue Li , Nie Shi Bin , Dai Guang Long
Published: July 2012

A novel intumescent flame retardant low-density polyethylene (LDPE) composite was prepared based on bamboo fiber (BF) and silica-gel microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MCAPP). The synergistic effects between BF and MCAPP on the flame retardant and thermal properties of flame retardant LDPE composites were investigated. The results show that the flame retardant properties of LDPE composites are influenced by the weight ratio of BF and MCAPP. The higher content of MCAPP, the better flame retardant property can be obtained. When the ratio of BF/MCAPP is 1:1, the flame retardant LDPE composite shows excellent flame retardant properties.
Establishing and Solving a Model for Matching Fracturing Fluid Flowback
Authors: Liu Ping Li , Xue Heng , Meng Xiang Hai , Liu Hui , Gao Jian Chong
Published: July 2012

Fracturing flowback rate is one of the most important parameters to evaluate fracturing effects. While calculation of fracturing flowback rate is always lack of theoretical model to predict, it is always been solved by accumulation of filed fluid after fracturing finished in oil filed. In order to tackle this problem, a great deal of work has been done to establish a model for solving fracturing flowback rate, in which procedures like fracture closing, fluid loss, formation fluid flows and well bore flow are entirely considered. Based on comprehensive procedures, a few functions are established in this model. The average fracture pressure was calculated by adjusting time that might affect fracture closure degrees. According to wellhead pressure, bottom hole flowing pressure and average fracture pressure which was used to calculate flowback quantity leaded by fracture closure were achieved. Besides, total time that fracture was entirely closed was also achieved after fracture being fully closed, flowback quantity consisted of two parts, fracture and formation. In addition, the model was solved through finite difference method and simulated by Matlab. In comparison with the target result, fracturing flowback rate, the modeling results, are almost identical with that of conventional methods. Therefore, this model can be taken as a reliable theoretical guidance to predict fracturing flowback rate in oil flied.
Analysis and Optimization of Sensitivity of a MEMS Peizoresistive Pressure Sensor
Authors: Maflin Shaby S. , Vimala Juliet A.
Published: July 2012

This paper presents a MEMS Piezoresistive pressure sensor which utilizes a circular shaped polysilicon diaphragm with a nanowire to enhance the sensitivity of the pressure sensor. The polysilicon nanowire is fabricated in such a way that it forms a bridge between the circular polysilicon diaphragm and the substrate. The high Piezoresistive effect of Silicon nanowires is used to enhance the sensitivity. A circular polysilicon nanowire piezoresistor was fabricated by means of reactive ion etching. This paper describes the performance analysis, structural design and fabrication of piezoresistive pressure sensor using simulation technique. The polysilicon nanowire pressure sensor has a circular diaphragm of 500nm radius and has a thickness about 10nm. Finite element method (FEM) is adopted to optimize the sensor output and to improve the sensitivity of the circular shaped diaphragm of a polysilicon nanowire Piezoresistive pressure sensor. The best position to place the Polysilicon nanowires to receive maximum stress was also considered during the design process..The fabricated polysilicon nanowire has high sensitivity of about 133 mV/VKPa.
Three-Dimensional Virtual Design and Simulation Analysis of Dual-Side-Load Trailer
Authors: Meng Xiang De , Li Li Shun , Li Hong Xun , Zhan Jun Qing
Published: July 2012

Based on virtual modeling technology and multi-body dynamics theory, three-dimensional virtual design and dynamics simulation was completed in this paper. Basic flow and general method of layout design of product using of 3D computer aided design software was presented. The frame model of layout was completed based on the structure and performance requirements of the dual-side-load trailer and 3D software’s CAD technology including parametric and variational technology and top-down design method. Based on the frame model, the layout design of the trailer was completed and the three-dimensional digital model was established. Took the lifting mechanism of the trailer as an example, based on its structure and operation principle, kinematics and dynamics simulation to each of the typical operation processes was completed.
Light Truck Braking System Match and Optimization
Authors: Zhao Ke Gang , Hu Yong Liang
Published: July 2012

In order to make the front and rear axle braking force close to the ideal braking force distribution curves, this paper presents a new idea about the design of automotive brake systems. Firstly, the paper has studied the mathematical conversion relationship from the coordinate of utilization adhesion coefficient and braking strength to the coordinate of the front and rear axle braking force. On this basis, the optimal parameters and constraints complying with ECE regulation are determined. And the optimization objective is the degree of deviation between the curve of actual braking force distribution and the curve of the ideal braking force distribution. Taking a light truck for example, genetic algorithm is used to optimize the vehicle front-rear braking force distribution in the platform of MATLAB. Finally, it is proved that the result of global optimization can meet the design goals.
Beam Layout Optimization for Vehicle Body Stiffness
Authors: Hua Shun Gang , Zhang Li Na , Zeng Jun Hua
Published: July 2012

In this paper we research the beam layout optimization to strengthen the stiffness of a tracked vehicle’ body. Based on CAD models of vehicle parts, a rigid-flexible coupling virtual prototype of the vehicle is constructed through body finite element meshing and modal analysis. The multi-body system dynamics simulation is conducted under several typical driving conditions. Loads acting on the vehicle body at several typical moments are exported and then imposed on the body finite element model to carry out the static analysis, such that the multi-load steps topology optimization for the hull is achieved. On the basis of the optimization results the local beam layout is modified and the vehicle virtual prototype is reconstructed. By re-executing the dynamics simulation, the change of the stress and deformation are compared. The simulation result shows the strength and stiffness of the body are improved. So the proposed scheme is effective for the body stiffness and could provide references for similar structural optimization problems.
Optimization Models of Mechanical Facility Layout Based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Li Dian Can
Published: July 2012

With the changes in the way of the manufacturing, more and more enterprises managers and engineers and technicians begin to attach importance to the facility layout issues. The facility layout includes new production system design and the existing production system optimization. Therefore, there are broad application prospects in studying on the issues of facility design and optimization of manufacturing industry. This essay, based on the survey and analysis and summary of layout issues of facilities of manufacturing industry, and based on systematical layout design methods, conducts designs of facilities in manufacturing industry and studies the applications of the genetic algorithm in the facility layout and optimization in manufacturing industry.
Research on the Preparation & Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Composite Materials
Authors: Xia Yong
Published: July 2012

Solid polymer electrolyte has the potential application value on secondary battery, electro-chromic device, chemical transistor and other areas, because of its light weight and easy film formation. This article has added Niño silicon oxide into polymer electrolyte to form inorganic polymer composite electrolyte and has taken test on its stability and electrical conductivity; from the test conclusion, the addition of Niño silicon oxide has changed the stability of polymer and destroyed polymer crystallization, which has increased amorphous region that is beneficial for Ionic conduction in the system. The addition of silicon oxide has also changed polymer electrical conductivity which has become higher, comparing with that without silicon oxide. The addition of inorganic particles has reduced system’s crystallinity that is beneficial for the movement of molecular chain segment, which has also improved mobility of ions and electrical conductivity of ions consequently.
Numerical Simulation of Cathodic Protection System
Authors: Guo Yu , Hu An Kang , Dong Hai Tao
Published: July 2012

Cathodic protection (CP) systems are commonly designed by estimating the overall current demand and then developing an anode configuration sufficient to protect the structure. To a large extent the performance of a CP system is dependent on the skill and experience of the corrosion specialist. As the structures become more complex these traditional approaches may become less reliable. Given the factor it becomes imperative that corrosion engineers are able to predict the electric fields as part of the design process. The difficulty in making reliable estimates for cases can be overcome by using corrosion simulation software as a design tool. Not only can corrosion simulation software help with understanding complex corrosion behavior but it can also provide a rapid and economic assessment of CP system designs. In this paper two-dimensional mathematical model using the polarization properties of P110 and G3 as the solving boundary conditions, used numerical simulation software ANSYS to solve. In same time, a cathodic protection polarization simulating device was established. The changing tendency between the simulation results and experimental data matched well, which verify the correctness of modeling and accuracy of numerical simulation.
Modeling and Simulation of Disc Brake Resistance Load in Low Speed Condition
Authors: He Yi , Du Shao Jie , Cheng Guang Wei
Published: July 2012

In this paper, the load simulation of tracked vehicle disc brake in low speed is discussed. The simulation of the resistance load and the control of the disc brake is researched when the resistance load loading on the test bench The simulation results show that, by controlling the input voltage of the disc brake electrohydraulic control portion, the disc brake braking torque can be controlled, the driving resistance simulation of crawler vehicle is realized. At the same time, the simulation has high accuracy, fast response speed, and has better dynamic characteristic. When the tracked vehicle is at the process of start, acceleration, deceleration, braking, steering , the engine and the transmission system mainly are in an unstable vehicle system dynamic, the load is dynamic load must be given. In order to investigate the performance of tracked vehicle HMCVT, a dynamic load [1] in the test system to simulate the loading process of tracked vehicle. Eddy current dynamometer can simulate the load [2,3] during a vehicle running a higher speed , the driving load in low speed ( including zero speed ) is simulated by disc brakes .
A Method to Calculate the Process Similarity of the Manufacturing System Based on Tree Edit Distance
Authors: Jia Nan , Fu Xiao Dong
Published: July 2012

For various applications in today’s workflow systems, such as process-discovering or clustering, it is necessary to measure the distance between two workflow models. In this paper, we proposed a method to calculate the distance between structured workflows based on tree edit distance. First, we transform workflows into structure trees, and calculate the edit distance between structure trees. Three properties of the workflow distance of workflows are proved, i.e., reflexivity, symmetry, triangle inequality. These properties make the distance measure can be used as a quantitative tool in effective workflow model management activities. We illustrate the methodology with case study, by which its features are shown.
Measuring the Optimum Fiber Content Ratio of E-Glass/Epoxy Composite through Microbuckling
Authors: Shokreih Mahmoud , Parsaee Ahmad
Published: July 2012

When fiber-reinforced composites (FRC) are subjected to compressive load parallel to the fiber direction, they fail as a result of fiber buckling and/or transverse failure of the resin. Compressive loading brings about two buckling modes to fibers. The first mode is shear buckling, and the other is transverse buckling. Recent studies support the hypothesis that fiber buckling causes compressive rupture. In this study, finite element modeling software was employed to examine the behavior of a resin-embedded single fiber in terms of fiber content ratio. The performed modeling procedures illustrated that the single fiber experiences three discrete failure modes depending on fiber content ratio; and then a corrected equation was proposed for each mode. Fiber content ratio of the composite is one of effective parameters to determine the compressive strength value. Optimum fiber content ratio has been measured using finite element method. Numerical results are compared to experimental ones to analyze the obtained results. The optimum fiber content ratio calculated by the finite element modeling was measured 40% in this paper.
The Image Acquisition System Based on the ARM
Authors: Xu Shu Ping , Chen Fei
Published: July 2012

The image acquisition and porcessing system is implemented by combining the embed technology and image technology.This image acquisition system use S3C44B0X which base on ARM for its core proeessing,make use of the CMOS image sensor to collect images,it stores the image data for the moment with FIFO, resolves the rate problem between ARM and the sensor.In the system,CPLD are taken advantage of. This set of equipment combines functions of image acquisting,image displaying and network transferring and has an excellent expansibility which easy to be developed secondly.
3D Guidance Law with INS/IR Integration for Increasing Penetration Force
Authors: Xing Qiang , Chen Wan Chun , Ming Bao Yin
Published: July 2012

In the modern warfare, the trajectory of flight vehicle was required to have the ability to be adjusted in specified shape to increasing the penetration force. This paper deals with the guidance law and data fusion system to impact a target in specified direction for precision guided munitions. A three-dimensional guidance law is designed by combining the optimal guidance law and terminal acceleration tuning methodology. A new configuration of Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is employed to obtain the range and angle information from INS and infrared seeker to improve the survivability of guidance system in the circumstance with strong electromagnetic interference.
Analysis of Dump Truck Unloading Condition Based on ANSYS
Authors: Si Jing Ping , Wang Guo Sheng , Ding Xian Long
Published: July 2012

According to the use condition of dump truck unloading goods, the articulated equipment of cargo body and secondary frame take all the lifting weight, which causes that secondary frame carries the concentrated load. Besides, the dump truck loads goods with large construction machinery, so the phenomenon of biased loading goods frequently happens. And in unloading process, because the biased load of goods will make the stress of secondary frame worse, in the process of force analysis of unloading, it’s enough to analyze the strength of secondary frame only. This paper, basing on ANSYS, makes an analysis on the force of secondary frame in the dump truck unloading condition, and the analysis results indicate that the position of larger stress concentration of secondary frame lies in the second half part of secondary frame in the unloading condition, thereinto, the position of Maximum lies in the back flip axis of secondary frame, while the second Maximum lies nearby the position where the balance frame beam is installed on the auxiliary beam. As the result, this paper suggests that the structure of these places of secondary frame should be strengthened in structural design.
The Study on Exchange-Coupled between Nd2Fe14B Hard Magnetic Phase and α-Fe Soft Magnetic Phase
Authors: Zhang Xue Feng , Zhang Qian , Liu Yan Li , Wang Da Peng
Published: July 2012

The uniform of the heat treatment process and NdFeB alloy powder metallurgy technology on the α-Fe soft phase effects. Experimental results show that the uniform of the heat treatment process can significantly reduce the α-Fe soft phase of the content, and the thinning, also found that the remaining α-Fe soft phase sintering and after annealing and hard to deal with after the occurrence of magnetic exchange coupling And its magnetic properties can have a greater impact, so this experiment for the Development of the fourth generation of rare earth permanent magnets laid the foundation.
Model of Covering Rough Sets in the Machine Intelligence
Authors: Nie Hong Mei , Zhou Jia Qing
Published: July 2012

Rough set theory has been proposed by Pawlak as a useful tool for dealing with the vagueness and granularity in information systems. Classical rough set theory is based on equivalence relation. The covering rough sets are an improvement of Pawlak rough set to deal with complex practical problems which the latter one can not handle. This paper studies covering-based generalized rough sets. In this setting, we investigate common properties of classical lower and upper approximation operations hold for the covering-based lower and upper approximation operations and relationships among some type of covering rough sets.