bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural insights into G-quadruplex binding by metal complexes: implications for drug design
Authors: Prieto Otoya Tayler D. , McQuaid Kane T. , Cardin Christine J.
Published: September 2024

G-quadruplex DNA secondary structures are formed in guanine-rich sequences and have been found to play an important role in regulating different biological processes. Indeed, guanine-rich sequences with the potential to form G-quadruplexes are present in different regions in the human genome, such as telomeres and the promoter region of different genes, including oncogene promoters. Thus, the rational design of small molecules capable of interacting, stabilising or damaging with high specificity these secondary structures represents an important strategy for the development of potent anticancer drugs. In this review, we highlight the interaction between G-quadruplex structures and their ligands, specifically emphasising the role of metal complexes. We provide detailed structural insight into the binding modes of metal complex-G-quadruplex interaction by analysing 18 sets of coordinates from X-ray and NMR currently available in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), with a primary focus on X-ray structural data.
Calibration of rotary axis angular positioning deviations in a six-axis robotic manipulator by using the R-Test
Authors: Cui Tianhao , Ibaraki Soichi
Published: September 2024

Prediction accuracy of the kinematic model plays a pivotal role in offline numerical compensation for three-dimensional (3D) positioning error of a six-axis robotic manipulator. In addition to the Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) error that was typically discussed in the analogous research, this paper proposes a novel scheme to identify the bidirectional angular positioning deviations of all the rotary axes without using the commercial laser tracker. This proposed scheme employs the R-Test, which is significantly more cost-efficient than a laser tracker employed in many past works. Compared to the conventional D-H model, significantly improved prediction performance of the proposed model was experimentally investigated on three rectangular paths covering the entire workspace. Experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme reduces the residual error from 505.2 to 215.2 mm, compared to 118.8 mm with a laser tracker, while maintaining a significantly lower cost that is 1/100 of a commercial laser tracker. Uncertainty analysis also clarify that when only the D-H error parameters are identified, as in many conventional works, the angular positioning deviations can be a major uncertainty contributor to the identification of the D-H errors. The proposed scheme does not require the R-Test locations to be calibrated, and its influence on the uncertainty in the identified errors is assessed.
Diagnostic reference levels in interventional neuroradiology procedures – a systematic review
Authors: Lopes Rogério , Teles Pedro , Santos Joana
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The establishment of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) is challenge for interventional neuroradiology (INR) due to the complexity and variability of its procedures.

Objective

The main objective of this systematic review is to analyse and compare DRLs in fluoroscopy-guided procedures in INR.

Methods

An observational study reporting DRLs in INR procedures, specifically cerebral arteriography, cerebral aneurysm embolisation, cerebral thrombectomy, embolisation of arteriovenous malformations (AVM), arteriovenous fistulas (AVF), retinoblastoma embolisation, and spinal cord arteriography. Comprehensive literature searches for relevant studies published between 2017 and 2023 were conducted using the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases.

Results

A total of 303 articles were identified through an extensive literature search, with 159 removed due to duplication. The title and abstract of 144 studies were assessed and excluded if they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Thirty-one out of the 144 articles were selected for a thorough full-text screening. Twenty-one articles were included in the review after the complete text screening.

Conclusion

The different conditions of patients undergoing INR procedures pose a barrier to the standardization of DRLs; nevertheless, they are extremely important for monitoring and optimising radiological practices.
Outcomes by best response with hypomethylating agent plus venetoclax in adults with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Jain Akriti G. , Volpe Virginia O. , Wang Chen , Ball Somedeb , Tobon Katherine , Chan Onyee , Padron Eric , Kuykendall Andrew , Lancet Jeffrey E. , Komrokji Rami , Sallman David A. , Sweet Kendra L.
Published: September 2024

Introduction: We aimed to compare outcomes of patients with AML treated with frontline hypomethylating agent and venetoclax (HMA + Ven) who achieved complete remission (CR), complete remission with partial hematologic recovery (CRh), complete remission with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi), or morphologic leukemia-free state (MLFS) as defined by ELN 2022. Methods: Patients with AML seen at Moffitt Cancer Center between 2018 and 2022 and treated with HMA + Ven were retrospectively evaluated. Results: About 120 patients achieved blast clearance with best response of CR in 52 (43.3%), CRh in 22 (18.3%), CRi in 31 (25.8%) and MLFS in 15 (12.5%) patients. Greater proportion of patients with MLFS had a prior myeloid malignancy (p = 0.003) and were treated with prior HMA (p < 0.001). Patients that achieved MLFS as their best response had inferior OS compared to the CR/CRh/CRi cohort (8 months vs. 27 months; p < 0.001). RFS was also worse for the MLFS cohort. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest study analyzing differences in outcomes of AML patients treated with HMA + Ven based on best response. We noted that prior myeloid malignancy and use of HMA led to more MLFS as best response compared to CR/CRi. The OS and RFS were inferior for MLFS cohort.
Physics-aware neural network-based parametric model-order reduction of the electromagnetic analysis for a coated component
Authors: Lee SiHun , Kang Seung-Hoon , Lee Sangmin , Shin SangJoon
Published: September 2024

Finite element (FE) analysis is one of the most accurate methods for predicting electromagnetic field scatter; however, it presents a significant computational overhead. In this study, we propose a data-driven parametric model-order reduction  (pMOR) framework to predict the scattered electromagnetic field of FE analysis. The surface impedance of a coated component is selected as parameter of analysis. A physics-aware (PA) neural network incorporated within a least-squares hierarchical-variational autoencoder (LSH-VAE) is selected for the data-driven pMOR method. The proposed PA-LSH-VAE framework directly accesses the scattered electromagnetic field represented by a large number of degrees of freedom (DOFs). Furthermore, it captures the behavior along with the variation of the complex-valued multi-parameters. A parallel computing approach is used to generate the training data efficiently. The PA-LSH-VAE framework is designed to handle over 2 million DOFs, providing satisfactory accuracy and exhibiting a second-order speed-up factor.
Self-perceived oral health in hemato-oncological patients and the relation to quality of life
Authors: Laheij Alexa M.G.A. , Dillen Linda M. , Nur Erfan , Raber-Durlacher Judith E.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To assess the self-reported oral health and oral health-related quality of life of patients diagnosed with hemato-oncological disease.

Patients and methods

Data was collected through a digital questionnaire in collaboration with the Dutch patient organization Hematon. The questionnaires EORTC-QLQ-C30, EORTC-QLQ-OH15, shortened Xerostomia Inventory (XI), and the OHIP-14 were used.

Results

Seven hundred five patients were included (52.5% female, mean age 63.2 ± 10.1). The majority was diagnosed more than 2 years ago (86%) and had received treatment (81%) for their disease. Lymphoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma were the most frequent malignancies. Chemotherapy alone, chemotherapy in combination with targeted therapy or immunotherapy, and myeloablative chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation were the most common treatment modalities. The XI identified that 40.5% met the criteria for xerostomia. Other complaints included mouth soreness and sensitivity, gingival pain and bleeding, problems with teeth or with an ill-fitting denture. Despite reporting oral complaints, most patients experienced a rather good OH-QoL. A high xerostomia score led to a significantly lower OH-QoL. Female gender, history of stem cell transplantation, radiation to head and neck, and multiple daily medication use were significant predictors of xerostomia.

Conclusion

Patients with hematologic malignancies frequently reported a dry mouth and other oral complaints including mouth soreness and sensitivity, gingival pain and bleeding, and problems with teeth. Despite these oral complaints, most patients experienced a relatively good OH-QoL. Future longitudinal studies are needed, and health professionals should have an active role in providing oral supportive care based on patients’ individual needs.
A salutogenic approach towards children’s overall physical activities, coping behavior and resilience: a mediation analysis
Authors: Happ Elisabeth , Scholl-Grissemann Ursula , Schnitzer Martin
Published: September 2024

Aim

Physical activity (PA) has many benefits not only for a child’s physical development, but also for mental health and cognitive function which, in turn, results in broader social and environmental benefits. The World Health Organization announced recently that on average, children are not active enough. Following the salutogenic approach of questioning why people stay healthy as opposed to why they become ill, this study aims to examine the effects of overall physical activity (OPA) — including both 'non-sports physical activity' (including 'active play outdoors', 'active play indoors' and 'active mobility') and 'sports' — on children’s resilience and coping behavior.

Methods

Data was collected from 544 children in an age range of 6–19 years (online survey).

Results

Results show a two-dimensional construct including a non-sports physical activity dimension and a sports dimension (together, OPA) and the positive effects on children’s mental health. OPA as a concept contributes to the positive development of resilience skills in children. Furthermore, results show that the mediating role of coping behavior is another building block that can be targeted in terms of resilience in children.

Conclusion

Following the salutogenic approach to physical education and health, we posit that non-sports physical activity dimensions and sports dimensions are fundamental prerequisites for keeping children healthy. The OPA approach reveals joint implication pathways in addition to sport which help to increase children’s resilience.
Advanced Data Processing of THz-Time Domain Spectroscopy Data with Sinusoidally Moving Delay Lines
Authors: Vogel Tim , Saraceno Clara J.
Published: September 2024

We provide a comprehensive technical analysis of the data acquisition process with oscillating delay lines for Terahertz-time domain spectroscopy. The utilization of these rapid stages, particularly in high-repetition-rate systems, is known to enable an effective reduction of noise content through averaging. However, caution must be exercised to optimize the data averaging process, with the goal of significantly optimizing the dynamic range (DR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Here we discuss some pitfalls to avoid and the effect of improper data handling on the dynamic range obtainable. A free and open-source program, called parrot (Processing All Rapidly & Reliably Obtained THz-traces), is provided alongside this publication to overcome the discussed pitfalls and facilitate the acceleration of experimental setups and data analysis, thereby enhancing signal fidelity and reproducibility.
Safety, efficacy, and quality of life outcomes of pulsed field ablation in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation: results from the PULSED AF trial
Authors: Yamane Teiichi , Sasano Tetsuo , Tomita Hirofumi , Aoyama Daisetsu , Miyazaki Shinsuke , Takigawa Masateru , Kimura Masaomi , Itoh Taihei , Yamashita Seigo , Selma Jada M , Cerkvenik Jeffrey , Verma Atul , Tada Hiroshi ,   on behalf of the PULSED AF Investigators
Published: September 2024

Background

Pulsed field ablation (PFA), a novel treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF), has yet to be evaluated in a Japanese cohort.

Methods

In this sub-analysis of the PULSED AF trial, 12-month outcomes of paroxysmal AF (PAF) and persistent AF (PsAF) patients treated with PFA in four Japan centers were assessed. After a 90-day blanking period, primary efficacy was determined via freedom from a composite endpoint of acute procedural failure, arrhythmia recurrence, or antiarrhythmic drug escalation over 1 year. Patient improvement was evaluated via two quality of life (QoL) surveys (AFEQT and EQ-5D) at baseline and 12 months.

Results

The analysis included 32 patients, 16 PAF and 16 PsAF, with PAF patients averaging 61.1 ± 10.6 years and PsAF patients averaging 62.8 ± 11.5 years of age. Females made up 31% of PAF and 25% of PsAF cohorts. Acute pulmonary vein isolation was achieved in 100% of both cohorts. The primary efficacy success rate at 12 months was 75.0% for PAF and 56.3% for PsAF patients. No primary safety events occurred. The mean AFEQT score significantly increased for both PAF (25.9 points, p < 0.0001) and PsAF (13.2 points, p = 0.0002) patients, while the EQ-5D-5L score improved significantly for PAF (0.12 points, p = 0.048) patients but not for PsAF (0.04 points, p = 0.08) patients.

Conclusions

Similar to outcomes in the global cohort, ablation with the PulseSelect™ PFA catheter was efficient, effective, and safe in a Japanese population, resulting in improved QoL for PAF and PsAF patients.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04198701
Factors affecting sleep quality in hospitalised patients
Authors: Koshy Kavya , Gibney Matthew , O’Driscoll Denise M. , Ogeil Rowan P. , Young Alan C.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Hospitalised patients are at increased risk of poor sleep quality which can negatively impact on recovery and quality of life. This study aimed to assess sleep quality in hospitalised patients and explore the factors associated with poor sleep.

Methods

Prospective data were collected from 84 respiratory ward inpatients at time of discharge using a Likert scale questionnaire on contributing factors to sleep quality. Differences between groups reporting good and poor quality sleep were recorded.

Results

Most participants (77%) described inpatient sleep quality to be worse or much worse compared to their home environment. Noise (39%), checking of vital signs (33%) and light (24%) were most frequently identified as factors disrupting sleep. Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that men (OR 2.8, CI 1.1–7.4, p = 0.037) and those in shared rooms (OR 3.9, CI 1.4–10.9, p = 0.009) were more likely to be affected by noise. Younger patients (OR 0.92, CI 0.88–0.96, p < 0.001) and those in shared rooms (OR 8.5 CI 1.9–37.9, p < 0.001) were more likely to be affected by light.

Conclusion

In conclusion, a high proportion of hospitalised respiratory patients on a medical ward reported poorer sleep quality compared to home due to operational interruptions and noise. Age, gender and room type further modified the sleep disruption. Future research should focus on whether strategies to reduce interruptions and noise will improve sleep quality and clinical outcomes.
Biotechnological potentials of surfactants in coal utilization: a review
Authors: Akimbekov Nuraly , Digel Ilya , Zhubanova Azhar , Tastambek Kuanysh T. , Tepecik Atakan , Sherelkhan Dinara
Published: September 2024

The quest for scientifically advanced and sustainable solutions is driven by growing environmental and economic issues associated with coal mining, processing, and utilization. Consequently, within the coal industry, there is a growing recognition of the potential of microbial applications in fostering innovative technologies. Microbial-based coal solubilization, coal beneficiation, and coal dust suppression are green alternatives to traditional thermochemical and leaching technologies and better meet the need for ecologically sound and economically viable choices. Surfactant-mediated approaches have emerged as powerful tools for modeling, simulation, and optimization of coal-microbial systems and continue to gain prominence in clean coal fuel production, particularly in microbiological co-processing, conversion, and beneficiation. Surfactants (surface-active agents) are amphiphilic compounds that can reduce surface tension and enhance the solubility of hydrophobic molecules. A wide range of surfactant properties can be achieved by either directly influencing microbial growth factors, stimulants, and substrates or indirectly serving as frothers, collectors, and modifiers in the processing and utilization of coal. This review highlights the significant biotechnological potential of surfactants by providing a thorough overview of their involvement in coal biodegradation, bioprocessing, and biobeneficiation, acknowledging their importance as crucial steps in coal consumption.
Comment on Logins – On the Connection between Normative Explanatory Reasons and Normative Reasoning Reasons
Authors: Schmidt Eva
Published: September 2024

The comment starts with a brief exposition of the Eroteric View put forth by Artūrs Logins. I then provide one friendly comment on the exact form of the normative question which is central to the view, and suggest that in addition to the question, ‘Why ought S to φ ?’, Logins should take the question, ‘Why is S permitted to φ?’ as definitive of normative reasons. In a more critical comment, I reflect on how normative explanatory reasons and normative reasoning reasons relate, calling into question Logins’s claim that the two kinds of reasons are fundamentally distinct. First, I argue that being a normative explanatory reason near enough guarantees being a normative reasoning reason; second, I argue that normative explanatory reasons as well as normative reasoning reasons can be weighed, and that they can be weighed against each other. But this causes trouble for the Eroteric View.
Phenotypic Diversity of Released South African Bred Potato Varieties for Tuber Yield and Processing Quality
Authors: Mbuma Ntombokulunga W. , Steyn Philippus J. , Laurie Sunette M. , Labuschagne Maryke T. , Bairu Michael W.
Published: September 2024

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a nutritious starchy tuber crop consumed as a staple food in most potato growing countries. Its productivity and production are limited by climate change; thus, it is of utmost importance to tap into the diversity of germplasm resources, therefore, diversifying the potato varieties available for production. The objectives of this study were to determine the phenotypic diversity among the selected Agricultural Research Council-Vegetable, Industrial and Medicinal Plants (ARC-VIMP) potato varieties for tuber yields and processing quality and to determine the correlation between measured traits. Two imported and 22 local potato varieties were planted in three different environments in South Africa. Significant (P < 0.001) differences in the tested varieties across all environments were observed for all measured traits. High broad-sense heritability (> 0.6) was observed for most of the traits, except for fry colour and the yield of unmarketable tubers. Nine ARC varieties and three standard varieties were associated with high tuber yield and quality traits, indicating their suitability for the fresh market and processing industry. Variety Mondial and five ARC varieties were associated with high tuber yield, indicating their suitability for the fresh market. Varieties released between 2004 and 2021 had high tuber yield, dry matter and specific gravity compared to the standard varieties and varieties released between 1980 and 1999, although there were slight differences in the magnitudes of their traits measured. These varieties could be recommended for commercial production for specific markets and for use as potential parents for further genetic improvement of the potato crop.
Clinical impact of AI in radiology department management: a systematic review
Authors: Buijs Elvira , Maggioni Elena , Mazziotta Francesco , Lega Federico , Carrafiello Gianpaolo
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized medical diagnosis and treatment. Breakthroughs in diagnostic applications make headlines, but AI in department administration (admin AI) likely deserves more attention. With the present study we conducted a systematic review of the literature on clinical impacts of admin AI in radiology.

Methods

Three electronic databases were searched for studies published in the last 5 years. Three independent reviewers evaluated the records using a tailored version of the Critical Appraisal Skills Program.

Results

Of the 1486 records retrieved, only six met the inclusion criteria for further analysis, signaling the scarcity of evidence for research into admin AI.

Conclusions

Despite the scarcity of studies, current evidence supports our hypothesis that admin AI holds promise for administrative application in radiology departments. Admin AI can directly benefit patient care and treatment outcomes by improving healthcare access and optimizing clinical processes. Furthermore, admin AI can be applied in error-prone administrative processes, allowing medical professionals to spend more time on direct clinical care. The scientific community should broaden its attention to include admin AI, as more real-world data are needed to quantify its benefits.

Limitations

This exploratory study lacks extensive quantitative data backing administrative AI. Further studies are warranted to quantify the impacts.
Geographic location shapes fungal communities associated with Epidendrum roots
Authors: Nkomo Tiphany , Bose Tanay , Wingfield Brenda D. , Knoppersen Rosa , Mbhele Ongeziwe , Nemesio-Gorriz Miguel , Rodas Carlos A. , Paetz Christian , Cilliers Cornelius T. , Ferreira Maria A. , Hammerbacher Almuth
Published: September 2024

Fungal biodiversity significantly influences ecosystem dynamics through various interactions with plants, ranging from pathogenic to mutually beneficial associations. This study explores the fungal diversity associated with an ornamental orchid genus Epidendrum that is widely propagated globally but native to northern South America. Root samples were collected from Epidendrum in diverse geographic locations: Brazil, Colombia, Germany, Spain and six South African provinces. Fungal biodiversity was catalogued from the genomic DNA extracted from these roots using fungal-specific primers and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Bioinformatic and statistical analyses revealed significant fungal diversity in the roots, with distinct dominant orders in each geographic region. Among the South African samples, significant differences were found in alpha diversity indices and species richness. Even though samples originating from different provinces overlapped in the PCoA plot, PERMANOVA indicated a significant difference in the fungal biodiversity, which was further supported by PERMDISP. In the global dataset, alpha diversity indices were insignificant, but species richness was. In the PCoA plot, data points clustered by sampling sites, indicating substantial differences in fungal biodiversity between the samples. This was validated by PERMANOVA and PERMDISP analyses. Outcomes from the core fungal analyses showed Epidendrum retained a conserved set of fungal orders from its native habitat when it transitioned to exotic regions, while it also formed new associations with local fungal communities in these introduced regions. These findings highlight the role of both core and region-specific fungal communities in the ecological adaptability and success of this widely planted orchid genus.
Morphological and molecular characters of two Helicotylenchus species from South Africa and relationship of selected soil parameters with H. pseudorobustus
Authors: Shokoohi Ebrahim , van Rensburg Candice , Handoo Zafar , Masoko Peter
Published: September 2024

During a survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in South Africa's Limpopo Province, two species of Helicotylenchus were identified, namely H. dihystera and H. pseudorobustus. The morphological and molecular characteristics of these species were found to be consistent with those of the known species. A phylogenetic analysis of Helicotylenchus populations based on 28S rDNA was conducted, and it was found that the H. dihystera identified in this study belonged to the same group as other H. dihystera specimens with a 1.00 posterior probability support. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of H. pseudorobustus based on 18S rDNA placed the test population close to other H. pseudorobustus specimens with 0.97 posterior probability. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for Helicotylenchus species also revealed noticeable dissimilarities in the labial disc and lateral field of the tail region between the two species from the present study, including H. pseudorobustus, and H. dihystera. The redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that H. pseudorobustus had a correlation with pH and clay of the soil. In conclusion, despite the challenges associated with identifying Helicotylenchus species, SEM and rDNA markers can be considered as highly effective tools to distinguish the species correctly and accurately.
General and maladaptive traits as predictors of specific conspiracy beliefs related to COVID-19 and Russian-Ukrainian war: three-wave longitudinal study
Authors: Halama Peter , Teličák Peter
Published: September 2024

The aim of the study was to investigate how general personality traits (Big Five) and maladaptive traits (Personality Inventory for DSM-5) predict specific conspiracy beliefs related to COVID-19 and the Russian-Ukrainian war. 925 participants from Slovakia, recruited via an online panel of a research agency (50.6% women, mean age 50.9 years), were interviewed in October 2021 with the Big Five Inventory Short (BFI-S) and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form (PID-5-BF). Later (July-August 2022 and April-May 2023), they completed the original scales to measure COVID-19 and Russian-Ukrainian war conspiracies. The results showed that after controlling for demographic variables, belief in specific conspiracies was positively predicted by extraversion and negatively predicted by agreeableness. Of the maladaptive traits, only psychoticism was a positive predictor of specific conspiracies. Since the effects were consistent across all types of conspiracies, the results suggest that personality traits may play a role in how people come to believe in specific conspiracies.
Tidal Impoundment and Mangrove Dieback at Cabbage Tree Basin, NSW: Drivers of Change and Tailored Management for the Future
Authors: Asbridge E. , Clark R. , Denham P. , Hughes M. G. , James M. , Mclaughlin D. , Turner C. , Whitton T. , Wilde T. , Rogers K.
Published: September 2024

Major storms can cause significant changes to coastal and wetland environments. A series of storm events in 2020 resulted in closure of the historically open estuary at Cabbage Tree Basin, Port Hacking, New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Prolonged tidal impoundment (3 months) led to substantial changes in hydrological and sedimentological processes, resulting in widespread mangrove dieback. This study aimed to quantify the degree of impact and recovery for mangroves, identify factors contributing to dieback, and consider the implications for carbon sequestration. This was achieved using remotely piloted aircraft structure-from-motion approaches, aerial photography, and field-based assessments of vegetation health and above-ground biomass (AGB). Mangroves were classified as ‘dead’, ‘partially dead’, and ‘live’. In October 2019, there was 10.8 ha of live mangroves, with this reduced to 6.6 ha by August 2022. Digital surface models (DSMs) were intersected with classified mangroves to assess the vertical distribution of each zone. All mangroves classified as ‘dead’ were distributed at elevations < 0.4 m with respect to the Australian Height Datum (AHD), suggesting these regions were persistently inundated, which was confirmed by water level loggers (inundated during logger deployment). Field data confirmed substrate elevation related to dieback with the proportion of ‘live’ mangroves greatest at elevations > 0.6 m AHD. Substrate elevation and distance to the estuary mouth were significantly correlated with species, with Avicennia marina located at lower tidal positions and closer to the entrance compared to Aegiceras corniculatum. The dieback event equated to a loss of 81.5 ± 48 Mg of above-ground biomass, 38.1 ± 22.5 Mg C, or 140 ± 82 Mg CO2 equivalence (CO2e). This study provides an important baseline for monitoring dieback events. Continued monitoring is crucial to assess recovery and to tailor management strategies.
Wat Nederland moet doen om de prevalentie van mentale problemen te halveren
Authors: Ormel J. Hans
Published: September 2024

Samenvatting

De last van mentale problemen is enorm. Omdat zowel behandeling als preventie er tot nu toe niet in geslaagd is hun prevalentie te reduceren, benadrukken recente beleidstukken het belang van mentale gezondheid en gezonde omgevingen, en de noodzaak van een andere, bredere en integrale preventieaanpak. In dit artikel schets ik de randvoorwaarden voor zo’n effectieve preventieaanpak, waarbij ik vooral inga op voorwaarden die nog onvoldoende duidelijk zijn, zoals financiering, regie, complexiteit, het investeringsdilemma, de lange termijn, structureel gefinancierde verankering in relevante instituties, zoals zwangerschapszorg, gezinsondersteuning, onderwijs, zorg en sociale zekerheid. De vereiste investeringen zijn enorm, maar de opbrengsten zijn veelzijdig en omvangrijk.
Cheilostomatida (Bryozoa) from settlement panels deployed in the Azores (central North Atlantic)
Authors: Berning Björn , Wisshak Max
Published: September 2024

The cheilostome Bryozoa encrusting settlement panels deployed in the Azores between 0 and 500 m, which were retrieved after a time span of 1 and 2 years, are here described and figured. Of the 49 cheilostome species reported, 15 are new to science: Beania pauciserialis sp. nov., Caberea rylandi sp. nov., Micropora acorecia sp. nov., Cellaria acorensidolisi sp. nov., Hippothoa jakobseni sp. nov., Chorizopora lula sp. nov., Haplopoma freiwaldi sp. nov., Schizomavella (Schizomavella) reverteri sp. nov., Schizomavella (Schizomavella) kekrymmena sp. nov., Microporella avilai sp. nov., Microporella quadrispinosa sp. nov., Microporella lobopodia sp. nov., Microporella nodulifera sp. nov., Buffonellaria faialensis sp. nov., and Omalosecosa secunda sp. nov. The subspecies Glabrilaria orientalis azorensis (Harmelin, 1988) is here raised to species rank, resulting in Glabrilaria azorensis (Harmelin, 1988) comb. nov. Moreover, we designate a lectotype for Nimba praetexta Jullien in by Jullien & Calvet, 1903, type species of the genus Nimba Jullien in by Jullien & Calvet, 1903, redescribe the species based on scanning electron microscope inspection, and transfer the genus from the Lacernidae Jullien, 1888 to the Escharinidae Tilbrook, 2006. A lectotype is also designated for Schizobrachiella sanguinea (Norman, 1868). Based on the taxonomic account, we discuss changes concerning the recorded diversity of bryozoans in the Azores and their taxonomic assignment, now including 91 endemic species that account for 41% of a total of 221 bryozoan species reported from the archipelago. Finally, we discuss biogeographic relationships and the status of origin, including potential non-indigenous species, and demonstrate a strong relatedness with eastern Atlantic/Mediterranean faunas.
Typologies of Minority Stressors and Depressive Symptoms among LGBTQ Employees in the Workplace: A Moderated Mediation Model of Workplace Climate and Resilience
Authors: Lo Iris Po Yee , Kim Youn Kyoung , Liu Emma H. , Yan Elsie
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The pathways between minority stressors and depressive symptoms require a nuanced understanding of how these stressors affect the mental health of sexual and gender minority people. It remains unclear whether minority stressors are associated with depressive symptoms through perception of workplace climate and if resilience moderates these effects.

Methods

This study examined the direct and indirect effects of different minority stressors (experiences of discrimination, internalized homophobia, expectations of rejection, and concealment of identity) on depressive symptoms through the mediating factor of perception of workplace climate and the moderating factor of resilience. Chinese lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer (LGBTQ) employees (N = 706) completed a cross-sectional online survey in 2021–2022. We examined the moderated mediating effects using PROCESS macro with a bootstrapping approach.

Results

Mediation results showed that the four minority stressors were each negatively associated with perceptions of workplace climate, which were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms among Chinese LGBTQ employees. Moderated mediation models demonstrated that the conditional indirect effects of different types of minority stressors on depressive symptoms through perception of workplace climate were only significant for those with lower levels of resilience.

Conclusions

Extending the minority stress model to work settings, this study offers new knowledge about the mediating role of perception of workplace climate in the relationship between minority stressors and depressive symptoms. Knowledge about the moderating role of resilience also informs targeted interventions.

Policy Implications

Interventions targeted at reducing minority stressors, enhancing perceived workplace climate, and promoting resilience are vital to enhance LGBTQ individuals’ mental health.
Patriarchy and Child Well-Being: Evidence from India
Authors: Islam T. M. Tonmoy , Kearns Morgan , Mitra Shabana
Published: September 2024

The nutrition and care received in childhood can have a profound impact on the adult life of an individual. Governments and the United Nations have emphasized proper care and nutrition for children, and the Sustainable Development Goals have targeted the elimination of stunting and wasting of children under the age of 5 by 2030. However, South Asia is lagging behind in this metric; the World Bank has noted that about 32% of Indian children under age of 5 are stunted, while the world average is 22%. While a number of studies have looked into ways of improving well-being of a child, and women’s empowerment, the relationship between patriarchy and children well-being has not been extensively studied. In this paper, we use data from the 2019 Demographic and Health Survey of India to study this relationship. We modify the patriarchy index outlined in Singh et al. (2021) and use it in our paper. Our primary dependent variable is the standardized height-for-age percentile. We find that patriarchy negatively affects child height in the northern parts of India and among certain religious groups. We theorize that culture of the land together with religion of the household impacts how patriarchy affects child height.
Cenozoic Volcanic Provinces and Shallow Asthenospheric Volumes in the Circum‐Mediterranean: Evidence From Magmatic Geochemistry, Seismic Tomography, and Integrated Geophysical‐Petrological Thermochemical Inversion
Authors: El‐Sharkawy A. , Hansteen T. H. , Clemente‐Gomez C. , Fullea J. , Lebedev S. , Meier T.
Published: September 2024

We compile an extensive catalog comprising geochemistry and ages of Cenozoic volcanic provinces in the Mediterranean region, distinguishing between three groups according to the geochemistry of magmatic rocks: intraplate (IVP), subduction‐related (SRVP), and mixed‐origin volcanic provinces (MVP; intraplate with subduction imprint). In order to relate their spatial distribution to properties of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere system, we determine temperature‐depth profiles by integrated geophysical‐petrological inversion at representative locations, using Rayleigh and Love wave phase velocities, heat flow, rock densities, and accounting for thermochemical conditions. The results confirm the occurrence of thin lithosphere (<100 km) above warm asthenosphere (>1,300°C) in areas of low shear‐wave velocities in the shallow upper mantle. Nine shallow asthenospheric volumes (SAVs) between 70 and 300 km depths are identified, forming a partly interconnected belt across the Circum‐Mediterranean. A remarkable colocation exists between the SAVs and the intraplate and mixed‐origin volcanic provinces (IMVPs). Whereas dense networks of IMVPs have formed above the SAVs, IMVPs are absent in areas of thick mantle lithosphere. Magmatic activity in IMVPs at 60–70 Ma indicates that several SAVs existed already in the Paleogene (Central European, Adriatic, Western Mediterranean, and Moesian SAVs). The formation of SAVs is related either to asthenospheric upwelling caused by slab rollback and back‐arc extension (Aegean‐Anatolian, Moesian, Pannonian, Western Mediterranean SAVs), or to thermal upwelling (Adriatic, Central European, Middle East [MEA], North African, Rhine‐Rhone SAVs), with some of the latter coupled partly with continental rifting (Central European, MEA, North African, Rhine Rhone SAVs).
JIRAM Observations of Volcanic Flux on Io: Distribution and Comparison to Tidal Heat Flow Models
Authors: Pettine M. , Imbeah S. , Rathbun J. , Hayes A. , Lopes R. M. C. , Mura A. , Tosi F. , Zambon F. , Bertolino S.
Published: September 2024

Juno has allowed clear, high‐resolution imaging of Io's polar volcanoes using the Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) instrument. We have used data from JIRAM's M‐band (4.78 μm) imager from 11 Juno orbits to construct a global map of volcanic flux. This map provides short‐term insight into the spatial distribution of volcanoes and the ways in which high‐ and low‐latitude volcanoes differ. Using spherical harmonic analysis, we quantitatively compare our volcanic flux map to the surface heat flow distribution expected from models of Io's tidal heat deposition (summarized in de Kleer, Park, et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.26206/d4wc‐6v82). Our observations confirm previously detected systems of bright volcanoes at high latitudes. Our study finds that both poles are comparably active and that the observed flux distribution is inconsistent with an asthenospheric heating model, although the south pole is viewed too infrequently to establish reliable trends.
Passive Seismology: Lightweight and Rapid Detection of Arctic Subsea and Sub‐Aquatic Permafrost
Authors: Angelopoulos Michael , Ryberg Trond , Rasmussen Christian Frigaard , Haberland Christian , Juhls Bennet , Dallimore Scott , Boike Julia , Overduin Pier Paul
Published: September 2024

Low sea levels during the last Ice Age exposed millions of square kilometers of Arctic shelves which have been subsequently submerged, creating subsea permafrost. In onshore settings, permafrost can also exist beneath water bodies such as coastal lagoons, rivers, and thermokarst lakes. We explored passive seismology as a method for mapping unfrozen sediment thickness above subsea and sub‐aquatic permafrost. We present passive seismic data collected with the Mobile Ocean Bottom Seismic Instrument (MOBSI) from the Beaufort Sea near Tuktoyaktuk in Canada, Ivashkina Lagoon on the Bykovsky Peninsula, as well as a lake and river in the Lena Delta, Siberia, Russia. We use borehole data and frost probe measurements to identify permafrost‐related H/V measurement peaks and calibrate shear wave velocities for frequency‐to‐depth conversion. We employ the shortest path and maximum signal amplitude to connect peaks and generate geological profiles. The MOBSI detected the ice‐bonded permafrost table beneath the Beaufort Sea, as well as beneath a Siberian lake and lagoon. At Tuktoyaktuk, an ocean bottom seismometer revealed a 5% scatter about the peak frequency for three‐minute time windows and over 8 hr of recording time. With peak frequencies ranging from 4.9 ± 0.2 Hz to 27.6 ± 1.4 Hz, the depth to subsea permafrost ranged from 1.4 ± 0.1 m bsl at the shoreline to 14.0 ± 0.4 m bsl 240 m offshore. Given an accurate shear wave velocity, our findings highlight that MOBSI deployment times as short as 3 min are adequate for detecting Arctic subsea and sub‐aquatic permafrost.
On Climate Change and Trade Cumulus Organization
Authors: Kazil Jan , Narenpitak Pornampai , Yamaguchi Takanobu , Feingold Graham
Published: September 2024

We investigate the role of mesoscale organization for the response of trade cumulus (Tc) clouds to climate change. Among four recently identified states of Tc organization, the “Sugar” state has the lowest and the “Flower” state the highest cloud fraction and cloud radiative effect. Using large‐eddy simulations, we find that the Flower Tc state is more sensitive to climate change than the Sugar Tc state. In the considered case, the short‐wave cloud radiative effect weakens by 0.28 W m−2 in the Sugar state and by 1.5 W m−2 in the Flower state over the course of 21st century under the RCP8.5 emissions scenario. This is accompanied by a reduction of the short‐wave cloud radiative effect variance on the mesoscale. The primary mechanism is stabilization of the boundary layer by stronger long‐wave radiative heating at the inversion associated with higher greenhouse gas levels. This weakens the boundary layer mesoscale circulation that is responsible for aggregation of moisture and formation of the Flower Tc state. Thus, in the considered case, organization on the mesoscale amplifies the positive feedback of Tc clouds to climate change. Owing to the widespread occurrence of boundary layer mesoscale circulations in the Tc regime, this mechanism could modulate the Tc response to climate change in general.
A Novel Hybrid Deep Learning Framework for Evaluating Field Evapotranspiration Considering the Impact of Soil Salinity
Authors: Rong Yao , Wang Weishu , Wu Peijin , Wang Pu , Zhang Chenglong , Wang Chaozi , Huo Zailin
Published: September 2024

Accurate evaluation of evapotranspiration (ET) is crucial for efficient agricultural water management. Data‐driven models exhibit strong predictive ET capabilities, yet significant limitations like naive extrapolation hamper wider generalization. In this perspective, we explore a novel hybrid deep learning (DL) framework to integrate domain knowledge and demonstrate its potential for evaluating ET under the influence of soil salinity. Specifically, we integrated physical constraints from process models (Penman‐Monteith or Shuttleworth‐Wallace) and salinity‐induced stomatal stress mechanisms into the DL algorithm, and evaluated its performance by comparing four diverse scenarios. Results demonstrate that hybrid DL framework offers a promising alternative for ET estimation, achieving comparable accuracy to pure DL during training and validation. Nonetheless, due to the limited available measurements, data‐driven model may not adequately capture plant responses to salt stress, leading to significant prediction biases observed during independent testing. Encouragingly, the hybrid DL model (DL‐SS) integrating Shuttleworth‐Wallace and salinity‐induced stomatal stress mechanisms demonstrated enhanced interpretability, generalizability, and extrapolation capabilities. During testing, DL‐SS consistently showed optimal performance, yielding root mean square error (RMSE) values of 37.4 W m−2 for sunflower and 39.2 W m−2 for maize. Compared to traditional Jarvis‐type approaches (JPM and JSW) and pure DL model during testing, DL‐SS achieved substantial reductions in RMSE values: 51%, 33%, and 43% for sunflower, and 45%, 31%, and 35% for maize, respectively. These findings highlight the importance of integrating prior scientific knowledge into data‐driven models to enhance extrapolation capability of ET modeling, especially in salinized regions where conventional models may struggle.
Global Wetland Methane Emissions From 2001 to 2020: Magnitude, Dynamics and Controls
Authors: Xiao Han , Song Chaoqing , Li Shihua , Lu Xiao , Liang Minqi , Xia Xiaosheng , Yuan Wenping
Published: September 2024

The large uncertainties in estimating CH4 emissions from wetland ecosystems, the leading natural source to the atmosphere, substantially hinder the quantification of the global CH4 budget. This study used the IBIS‐CH4 (Integrated BIosphere Simulator‐Methane) model, a process‐based model integrating microbial mechanisms associated with CH4 production and oxidation processes, to simulate global wetland CH4 emissions from 2001 to 2020. Initially, we employed the IBIS‐CH4 model to evaluate its performance across 26 diverse wetland sites worldwide. The results showed that the magnitude and seasonality of observed CH4 fluxes over various wetland sites were well reproduced. We then used this model to estimate the annual global wetland CH4 emissions from 2001 to 2020, averaging 152.67 Tg CH4 yr−1, with a range of 135.72–167.57 Tg CH4 yr−1. The estimated global wetland CH4 emissions are generally in agreement with the current bottom‐up estimates (117–256 Tg CH4 yr−1) and closely overlap with independent top‐down estimates (139–183 Tg CH4 yr−1). During 2001–2020, the estimated global wetland CH4 emissions initially showed an increasing trend, followed by a decline. The peak of CH4 emissions reached in 2010, coinciding with the peak of wetland area. The majority of global wetland CH4 emissions were concentrated in tropical regions, which exhibited a clear seasonality and had a peak in July. The impact of meteorological factors on wetland CH4 emissions was greater than that of leaf area index, indicating the importance of soil hydrothermal conditions on wetland CH4 emissions.
Small Stars Produce Mighty UV Flares
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: September 2024

Stronger-than-expected ultraviolet flares could either provide exoplanets the sparks of life or prevent them from having life at all.
Low‐Viscosity Zones Beneath the Coso Volcanic Field Revealed by Postseismic Deformations Following the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake
Authors: Chen Fei , Diao Faqi , Xu Yuhao , Xiong Xiong
Published: September 2024

The rheology of materials near fault zones controls the deformation of the fault, thus playing an important role in the rupture propagation of large earthquakes. Here, we model the postseismic deformation in the first 4 years following the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake, and probe the laterally variable lower‐crustal viscosity and fault afterslip, using a combined model incorporating afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation. Modeling results reveal that laterally variable low‐viscosity zones (1017∼1018 Pa·s) beneath the Coso Volcanic Field are required to explain the observations well. These low‐viscosity materials may reduce the width of the brittle part of the fault, thus affecting the northwestward propagation of the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake rupture and the spatial pattern of nearby seismicity. Numerical simulations reveal that the postseismic viscoelastic relaxation of the event will cause contractional strain in the upper‐crustal magma reservoirs, which may counteract the extensional strain caused by the coseismic rupture.