bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF PEDESTRIAN SAFETY IN FAST DEVELOPING NAGPUR CITY, INDIA
Authors: Mukesh M. S. , Katpatal Y. B.
Published: February 2023

Pedestrian safety has become a major issue in most of the developing countries. Thousands of pedestrians are killed each year but still pedestrian safety remains the most ignored parameter in road design. Even after several studies, pedestrian behavior, which is a complex phenomenon remains poorly understood. Interaction and pedestrian response, especially at the intersections, is a serious concern in road safety. The primary objective of the study is to develop a Pedestrian Safety Index (PSI) by identifying the parameters on which pedestrian safety depends. These parameters have been classified as dependent parameters like pedestrian behavior, street infrastructure, and surrounding environment; and independent parameters like a signal break, crossing location, crossing type and crossing time. Pearson's correlation coefficient and ANOVA Analysis are performed to find the relationship between independent and dependent parameters. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) techniques have been used to prepare the PSI model. The model depicts safety indices at different intersections along the Ring Road which is the major transportation corridor of the city. The data for the analysis was extracted from actual video footages of CCTV installed at the intersections and high-resolution satellite images. The study concludes that the PSI is found to be less at all the intersections along Ring Road and very less in the western segments of the Ring Road Corridor. The values of Pedestrian safety indices are helpful in designing the infrastructure facility at the intersection considering pedestrian safety.
COMPACT SEWAGE TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR RURAL SANITATION
Authors: Jose Tavares  , Luna Maria Luciana Dias de Luna , Henrique Israel Nunes Henrique , Leite Valderi Duarte Leite , Lopes Wilton Silva Lopes , Pearson Howard William Pearson
Published: February 2023

The combination of anaerobic pre-treatment and conventional aerobic technologies in a single compact unit has the potential to afford practical, sustainable and low-cost systems for the decentralized treatment of sewage. The aims of the present study were (i) to determine the efficiencies of a single-family compact (SFC) and a multi-family compact (MFC) station in removing organic matter from domestic sewage, and (ii) to investigate the behavior of aerobic intermittent sand filters (ISFs) regarding nitrification. The SFC station consisted of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, an anaerobic upflow bed filter and an aerobic ISF, while the MFC station comprised a septic tank and two ISFs. The mean efficiencies for the removal of total chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids and total Kjeldahl nitrogen were, respectively, 90, 93 and 75% for the SFC and 87, 91% and 74% for the MFC with ISFs operated at hydraulic loading rates of 380 L.m-2.day-1. The sand filters produced helminth-free effluents that complied with World Health Organization recommendations for water intended for agricultural reuse, although the geometric mean of E. coli counts (104 CFU.100 mL-1) was somewhat high, implying that the treated water was appropriate for irrigation in low-tech agriculture.
ANALYSIS OF THE OPERATIONAL DATA OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM: A CASE-STUDY OF THE BUS RAPID TRANSIT (BRT), LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: ADERINLEWO OLUFIKAYO OLUWASEUN , Akinyemi Gbemileke Adekunle , Afolayan Abayomi , Modupe Abayomi
Published: February 2023

This paper assesses the operational data of a public transportation system, using the Bus Rapid Transit in Lagos State as a case study. Demographic data was collected through the administration of questionnaires to the commuters; this was carried out to observe variations in the population of the commuters from different perspectives. Some other categories of data were collected which include boarding and alighting, headway, arrival rate of commuters, waiting time of commuters and travel time data. These data were presented and analysed with MS Excel and Minitab statistical softwares. Results from the boarding and alighting data showed bus stops with high flux of commuters, these were at Ojota, Ketu, Mile 12, Costain, CMS and TBS. Probability distribution charts were prepared to analyze the remaining sets of data. This was carried out to study the distribution and consistency of the data. Coefficients of variation for the data were also estimated to study the variability of the data. From the study, the data followed normal distribution and they were consistent such that they can be used for further analysis of the system. It can be concluded that the distribution depicts the real situation at the study location. Thus, bus stops with high density of commuters should be provided with more buses so as to reduce the waiting time of commuters.
REMOVAL OF NITROGEN AND ORGANIC MATTER IN AN INTERMITTENTLY AERATED HORIZONTAL SUBSURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND
Authors: Queluz João Gabriel Thomaz , Garcia Marcelo Loureiro
Published: February 2023

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of intermittent aeration on the removal of ammonium (NH4+), total nitrogen (TN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HFCW). Two HFCWs were studied, one non-aerated and another aerated intermittently, and both cultivated with Typha latifolia. Each system received 8.6 L day-1 of synthetic wastewater, resulting in 3 days of hydraulic retention time. The two systems displayed high efficiencies in the removal of COD (>90%); however, the intermittently aerated HFCW showed a higher rate of COD removal. Additionally, the removal of TN (48.8%) and NH4+ (57.7%) in the non-aerated system was limited, while in the aerated system, the efficiencies of TN (81.2%) and NH4+ (98.6%) removal were satisfactory. Thus, the results indicate that via intermittent aeration, nitrification and denitrification occur simultaneously, improving the performance of HFCW in the removal of TN and NH4+.
Modernizing Product Development Processes: Guide for Engineers
Authors:   Value Transformation LLC., Quigley Jon M. , Gulve Amol ,   PACCAR
Published: February 2023

Product lifecycles have shortened due to competition, rapidly changing markets, emerging technology, and regulation. Modernizing Product Development Processes: Guide for Engineers provides a foundation to focus on giving engineers, entrepreneurs, and innovators a guide to developing products with a new approach instead of a traditional product development cycle. Using the fundamental pillars of this book, the authors demonstrate how to bridge the gap in today's product development cycle to improve "time to market" needs in a fast-paced environment. These pillars include: - Learning from failures and doing - Harnessing creativity (out-of-the-box thinking) - Front loading (develop concepts early) - Explore multiple possible solutions - Technology/Manufacturing readiness level - Modularity (integrate common solutions) In addition, the authors prepare engineers to scale up production to meet customer demands in a dynamic environment by demonstrating how to establish strategies and road maps with a stage gate approach focused on harnessing creativity to build concepts/technologies in early phases. In today's era of innovation, rapid technological growth, and high consumer demand, engineers must adapt and deliver products with reasonable, engineered solutions and this book shows them how.
Confucius Institutes: China’s Cultural Soft Power Strategy
Authors: Sun Shao-Cheng
Published: February 2023

The employment of culture and language as a Chinese foreign policy strategy combines the leadership’s ideas and the academic effort to communicate with the world. China’s approaches to disseminating cultural soft power are seen through overseas Confucius Institutes (CIs). The CIs have been recognized as a symbol for transmitting the Chinese language and cultural elements abroad. This research argues that CIs function as agents of Beijing by promoting language and culture, fostering global recognition of China as a civilized society and cultural power, and improving its cultural connections worldwide. However, CIs’ influence was limited because it is not an acceptable model for foreign government-funded organizations. China has faced constraints in translating its soft power into desired outcomes, especially in the United States (US) and European Union (EU).
Total Hip Replacement in Chronic Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis with Degenerative Joint Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Tjahjadi Berlianto , Dwiputra H. Kukuh , M D S Jifaldi Afrian , Chilmi M. Zaim
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionSlipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is the most common hip disorder affecting the adolescent population, with a reported annual incidence of 8.8 to 10.8 per 100,000 children aged 9 to 16 years. SCFE is known to affect boys more often than girls. Chondrolysis and osteonecrosis of the hip can accelerate hip degeneration related to SCFE, leading to end-stage hip disease. Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is the primary treatment option for managing end-stage hip Osteoarthritis (OA) in SCFE patients.Case PresentationA 22 years old male presented with a 2,5 years of pain in the left hip joint with a history of trauma three years ago; after that, he could still walk. Four months later, he feels pain in the left hip that gets aggravated on walking and cannot walk for long distances (5-10m).OutcomePostoperatively the patient has an equal leg length, with less pain on the hip with a good range of motion, and can walk dependently using a cane.ConclusionTHA to be a feasible treatment option in young patients with secondary osteoarthritis of the hip due to SCFE. Uncemented THA has a good survivorship rate.Keywords: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis, total hip arthroplasty
The Future of Payments in India: An Analysis of Digital Rupee and UPI
Authors: Vyas Kanchan
Published: February 2023

The Reserve Bank of India’s digital rupee (e₹) and the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) are transforming the future of payments in India. In our research study, researcher adopted a qualitative method to understand existing literature on the topic. Official and non-official websites were analyzed for information. The study relied on secondary data only, as there was limited prior research in this area. This study analyzes the impact and potential of the digital rupee and UPI in the Indian financial landscape. The digital rupee, launched on December 1, 2022, offers many advantages over traditional paper currency, including security, accessibility, and government backing. The study also highlights potential drawbacks such as disruption to the banking system and security concerns. On the other hand, UPI is a platform for facilitating banking transactions, different from the digital rupee. The integration of the digital rupee with existing payment systems such as UPI and IMPS is expected to increase financial inclusion and reduce transaction costs. The study answers key research questions and concludes that the digital rupee and UPI have the potential to play a significant role in the future of payments in India.
Deutsch als Fremdsprache in der digitalen Welt: Zu aktuellen Entwicklungen in Lehre und Forschung
Authors: Buchholz, Stefan , Fathy, Hebatallah
Published: February 2023

Gefördert durch das Auswärtige Amt unterstützt der DAAD auf Basis des Programms Dhoch3 seit 2015 die universitäre Ausbildung künftiger Dozentinnen und -Dozenten im Fach Deutsch als Fremdsprache (DaF) an internationalen Hochschulstandorten. Die Inhalte der Dhoch3-Online-Studienmodule, die von Expertinnen und Experten an deutschen Hochschulen konzipiert wurden, sind weltweit in bestehende Deutsch- und Germanistikstudiengänge integrierbar und ergänzen das bestehende Angebot im Hinblick auf die Qualifizierung künftiger Lehrender. Der vorliegende Sammelband ist der ersten wissenschaftlichen Dhoch3-Konferenz gewidmet, die vom 1. Bis 3. Juni 2022 stattfand. Entlang des Konferenzthemas „Deutsch als Fremdsprache in der digitalen Welt“, kamen Vertreterinnen und Vertreter der Nutzergemeinschaft von Dhoch3, die in fast 30 Ländern als DaF-Dozierende ihre Wirkung entfalten, im virtuellen Raum zusammen, um die fachlichen und wissenschaftlichen Beiträge zu verfolgen und sich zu den Möglichkeiten des Programms Dhoch3 ebenso austauschen und vernetzen wie zu grundsätzlichen Fragestellungen welche die Potenziale der Digitalisierung im Fach Deutsch als Fremdsprache betrafen. Etwas mehr als ein halbes Jahr nach Abschluss der Konferenz ist nun der vorliegende Sammelband entstanden, für den insgesamt 16 fachliche und wissenschaftliche Konferenzbeiträge verschriftlicht wurden. Der Sammelband ist in fünf Abschnitte untergegliedert. Im ersten, einführenden Teil werden die Leserinnen und Leser mit dem Programm Dhoch3 vertraut gemacht. Im zweiten Abschnitt folgen drei „Werkstattberichte“, die sich der Fragen der Implementierung von Dhoch3- sowie den anwendungsbezogenen Programmkomponenten „Praxiskomponente“ und „Lehr-Lern-Bereich Blended Learning“ widmen. Im dritten Teil werden die Konferenzbeiträge zusammengefasst, die unmittelbar dem Programm Dhoch3 gewidmet sind, in den Beiträgen des vierten Teils werden Fragestellungen thematisiert, welche verschiedene, grundsätzliche Aspekte der Digitalisierung des Fachs Deutsch als Fremdsprache betreffen. Abgerundet wird der Konferenzband durch die Verschriftlichung der Podiumsdiskussion mit dem Titel „Mit den Partnerinnen und Partnern sprechen, und nicht nur über sie. Über die Beteiligung der internationalen Germanistik an Dhoch3.“ Für das Zustandekommen des vorliegenden Bands richtet sich unser Dank an alle Autorinnen und Autoren, die durch die Verschriftlichung ihrer Beiträge zum Gelingen der Publikation beigetragen haben, sowie an alle Beteiligten, die uns bei Konferenz- sowie im Zuge der redaktionellen Arbeit auf verschiedensten Wegen tatkräftig unterstützt haben.
Adjuvant Dermatological Therapy
Authors: Silva Marcia , Martins Jade Cury , Souza Patricia Karla de
Published: February 2023

não possui
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SCREENING AND MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINOPATHIES AFTER HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Siviero-Miachon Adriana Aparecida , Garcia Alves-Junior Paulo Alonso , Spinola e Castro Angela Maria , Neves Bordallo Maria Alice
Published: February 2023

Endocrine disorders after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation result from the interaction between the underlying disease, host characteristics and treatment, including exposure to pre- and peri-transplant agents (chemotherapy and radiotherapy). In addition, post-transplantation factors, including graft-versus-host disease, and its treatment, especially glucocorticoids, also contribute to hormone deficiencies or endocrine disorders. Endocrinological alterations can be divided into six main groups: 1) Growth disorders; 2) Thyroid diseases; 3) Gonadal dysfunction; 4) Adrenal failure; 5) Osteometabolic disorders; 6) Obesity and metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this article is to update screening recommendations and management approaches for the various endocrine diseases, defining populations at risk, recommendations during follow-up, and treatment strategies, with attention to controversial issues.
Afetividade: direito sucessório
Authors: De Melo Bruna Marinho
Published: February 2023

São estudados, os textos constitucionais, as principais leis vigentes no Brasil e princípios que tratam do direito de sucessão. A relevância da investigação que resulta neste texto centra-se no estudo do objeto sucessão e sua configuração em diferentes períodos históricos, o que permite identificar as espécies de heranças: legítima, necessária e testamentária e duas especies de inventário: judicial e extrajudicial. Para análise, procedeu-se, à seleção de bibliografias, extraídas de textos legais, em que constam palavras que se vinculam, em alguma medida, a aspectos ligados a sucessão na legislação brasileira. Com a leitura da bibliografia selecionada foram realizados fichamentos que permitiram identificar quais pontos foram regulados pela legislação brasileira e nos textos infraconstitucionais que abordam a evolução da forma de divisão de bens do de cujus. Os resultados indicam que a atividade legislativa acerca da sucessão do cônjuge ou companheiro estão vinculados aos discursos que circulam na sociedade referente a concepção de família, a qual é marcada pelo discurso da legitimidade da relação conjugal, ligado à afetividade no direito sucessório.
PELATIHAN “ENGLISH FOR TOUR GUIDING” BAGI KELOMPOK SADAR WISATA (POKDARWIS) DESA TISTA
Authors: Ni Wayan Suastini  , Ni Putu Cahyani Putri Utami  , Desak Putu Eka Pratiwi  , Ni Kadek Kurnia Nareswari Dewi
Published: February 2023

Desa wisata merupakan salah satu aset kepariwisataan berbasis budaya yang mampu dikembangkan menjadi suatu produk wisata dan Desa Tista merupakan salah satu desa wisata yang ada di Pulau Bali. Namun, pengembangan ini belum didukung oleh sumber daya manusia yang memadai. Hal ini akan berdampak terhadap jumlah kunjungan wisatawan karena pengembangan suatu desa wisata tidak terlepas dari peran masyarakatnya. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, Fakultas Bahasa Asing (FBA) Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar berkomitmen untuk melaksanakan pengabdian masyarakat dalam bentuk kegiatan pelatihan untuk mengembangkan keterampilan berbahasa Inggris masyarakat lokal di Desa Tista. Pemberian materi berfokus kepada teori dasar hospitality, penggunaan language expressions dan kosa kata dalam kepemanduan, struktur tata bahasa Inggris, serta pronunciation. Jenis kegiatan pelatihan dibagi menjadi 2 kegiatan, yakni: pemberian teori dengan menggunakan metode ceramah dan kelas praktek dengan menggunakan metode bermain peran. Berdasarkan evaluasi non tes yang dilakukan, para peserta pelatihan mampu mengaplikasikan materi yang telah mereka dapatkan dengan baik dan benar pada saat praktek di lapangan. Hal ini terlihat dari penggunaan language expressions dan kosa kata khusus yang digunakan saat menjelaskan objek wisata yang ada. Sehingga, dapat disimpulkan bahwa tujuan dari kegiatan pelatihan ini telah tercapai dengan baik.
PENDAMPINGAN PERGURUAN TINGGI DALAM PENGEMBANGAN DESA WISATA BAHA, MENGWI, BADUNG, BALI
Authors: Prasiasa Dewa Putu Oka
Published: February 2023

Pendampingan Desa Wisata Baha, Kecamatan Mengwi, Kabupaten Badung bertujuan agar desa wisata tersebut dapat berkembang dengan baik serta memberikan manfaat sosial budaya dan ekonomi bagi masyarakat lokal. Metode yang dipergunakan pada pendampingan ini adalah metode pendidikan masyarakat, pelatihan, subsituasi ipteks, dan participatory decision making process. Pendampingan terhadap Desa Wisata Baha telah menghasilkan peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat akan kebersihan sepanjang jalur trekking/cycling; struktur organisasi Pengelola Desa Wisata Baha; infrastruktur sepanjang jalur trekking/cycling; produk unggulan berupa paket wisata yang terdiri dari jalur trekking/cycling, kuliner tradisional berupa lawar nyawan, permainan tradisional metembing dan mesorog-sorogan, gua Jepang, arsitektur tradisional Pura Puseh Desa Baha, Cerita Rakyat Men Brayut dan Pan Brayut, dan Jerimpen khas Desa Wisata Baha; dan video promosi Desa Wisata Baha yang sudah masuk ke platform Godevi sebagai salah satu market place desa wisata.
Smartphone-Assisted Artificial Intelligence in Dermatology- A Novel Approach to Help General Practitioners in Underserved Areas
Authors: Shah Sandesh
Published: February 2023

Recent interest in AI had been driven by an evolution in machine learning resulting in the arrival of ‘deep learning.’ Given sufficient dataset size and processing power, deep learning utilizes Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Deep learning technique is basically the modernized extended version of classical neural networks. The current neural network that is used is more superior in terms of the classical neural network as the current deep learning neural networks had multiple layers [2]. The deep learning method tends to deal with more complex and non-linear data. The deep learning in comparison with the classical neural networks can handle the larger volume and wide complex of data. As it learns directly from the dataset without human direction, deep learning is able to account for inter-data variability as well as process unstandardized data. AI algorithms have been currently used in the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy, congenital cataracts, melanoma, and onychomycosis [3]. Outside clinical care, AI is being employed to support and potentially replace the roles of healthcare managers in resource, staffing, and financial management.
Swallowed Foreign Bodies in Children: Report of Four Unusual Cases
Authors: Prasad TR Sai , Low Y , Tan CE , Jacobsen AS
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Although a majority of ingested foreign bodies (FBs) pass down the gastrointestinal tract spontaneously, those that are sharp, pointed or large in size need removal to avert serious complications. We highlight the urgent need and utility of endoscopic accessories and technical artistry in safe retrieval of FBs in children.

Clinical Picture: Four children had accidentally swallowed a nail, metallic dumbbell, open safety pin and a cushion pin respectively. They were symptom-free and the abdominal plain radiographs revealed foreign body in the stomach in all the cases.
Treatment: Oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (OGD) was done in all the patients and could retrieve the nail, metallic dumbbell and open safety pin successfully using a Dormia basket, a polypectomy snare and a pair of rat-tooth forceps respectively. The cushion pin had migrated to the duodeno-jejunal junction within 4 hours of ingestion and necessitated open duodenotomy and retrieval.
Outcome: All patients did well after the procedure with no complications.
Conclusions: Swallowed FBs with pointed or sharp ends or large enough to cross the pylorus and duodenal sweep need removal and in the majority of the cases they can be retrieved by OGD. Sharp or pointed FBs that have crossed the second part of the duodenum necessitate urgent laparotomy for retrieval to prevent complications.

Key words: Complications, Ingestion, Treatment
The Risk of Suicidality with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Authors: Mahendran Rathi
Published: February 2023

Antidepressants are efficacious in the treatment of depression but they are not without side effects. The recent findings on the risk of suicide with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment, however, have raised serious concerns about the risk-benefit ratio of their use. The development of the concerns is traced and the risks discussed, particularly in the child and adolescent group. The prescriber needs to be aware of the issues and of the need for close clinical monitoring of patients started on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment.

Key words: Antidepressants, Self-injurious behaviour, Suicide attempt
Ophthalmic Regional Block
Authors: Kumar Chandra M , Miller Neil R
Published: February 2023

Cataract surgery is the commonest ophthalmic surgical procedure and a local anaesthetic
technique is usually preferred but the provision of anaesthesia in terms of skills and resources
varies worldwide. Intraconal and extraconal blocks using needles are commonly used. The
techniques are generally safe but although rare, serious sight- and life-threatening complications
have occurred following the inappropriate placement of needles. Sub-Tenon’s block was
introduced as a safe alternative to needle techniques but complications have arisen following this
block as well. Currently, there is no absolutely safe ophthalmic regional block. It is essential that
those who are involved in the care of these patients have a thorough knowledge of the techniques
used. This review article outlines the relevant anatomy, commonly used techniques and their safe
performance and perioperative care.
Key words: Optic chiasm, Optic nerve, Radionecrosis, Radiotherapy, Vision loss
Multivariate Analysis of Childhood Microbial Keratitis in South India
Authors: Singh Gurdeep , Palanisamy Manikandan , Madhavan Bhaskar , Rajaraman Revathi , Narendran Kalpana , Kour Avneesh , Venkatapathy Narendran
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Corneal infection is the most common cause of profound ocular morbidity leading to blindness worldwide. Corneal infection in children is difficult to diagnose and treat, as they are unwilling and sometimes unable to cooperate during active management. This study analyses the prevalence, microbiology, demography, therapeutic and visual outcome of infectious microbial keratitis in the paediatric age group seen at a tertiary eye care hospital in south India.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of all cases presenting with keratitis to the ocular microbiology and cornea service at Aravind Eye Hospital, Coimbatore, from February 1997 to January 2004, was done to screen the patients for microbial keratitis. Their records were further analysed for clinical and microbiological details. Cases with culture-proven non-viral keratitis in children ≤15 years were included in the study. Full ophthalmic examination was performed for all cases.
Results: Of the 310 patients who attended the cornea clinic, 97 (31.2%) patients were confirmed to be positive for microbial keratitis. 54.6% of cases were male. The most common predisposing cause of ulceration was trauma (69%) with organic matter. Pure bacterial cultures were obtained from 64 (65.9%) eyes, whereas pure fungal cultures were obtained from 37 (38.1%) eyes. Four (4.1%) eyes showed mixed growth.
Conclusion: The most commonly isolated organism was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The most common predisposing cause of infectious microbial keratitis was corneal trauma. Early stage of diagnosis and formulation of an uncompromising management protocol can prevent profound visual morbidity.

Key words: Bacterial, Corneal ulcer, Fungal, Keratitis
Mycobacterium-related Ocular Inflammatory Disease: Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Kurup Shree K , Chan Chi-Chao
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Worldwide, there are approximately 8 million new cases and 3 million deaths from tuberculosis (TB) each year. TB affects the entire body and the eye. Although ocular TB is considered rare, its incidence has varied widely across time, patient populations, and geography. We report 2 patients with unique presentations of ocular TB and detail the treatment and outcome of the disease.

Materials and Methods: Two cases of ocular inflammation, one with a medical history of systemic TB and the other, with that of presumed systemic TB, were examined. Choroidal granuloma developed in one, and scleritis developed in the other. The literature on ocular TB was comprehensively reviewed.
Results: Both patients were diagnosed with ocular TB. The histology of the systemic TB lesions was also illustrated. They responded to aggressive anti-TB and anti-inflammatory therapies.
Conclusions: The diagnosis and management of ocular TB can pose a significant challenge. Physicians and ophthalmologists must include TB among the differential diagnoses of patients with ocular inflammatory diseases and treat ocular TB with a combination of anti-TB and immunosuppressive medications as needed. Immunosuppressive medications applied in this setting must be cautioned and only prescribed by ophthalmologists who are familiar with these agents.
Quality Enhancement in Higher Education Institutions
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Aggarwal Post Graduate College, Ballabgarh, Faridabad,Haryana India, Shukla Manoj
Published: February 2023

No higher education institution worth its name, size and legacy can achieve and nurture its vision of creating and sustaining excellence in teaching and learning without value oriented, committed and skilled human resources at its disposal. The paper discusses the poor outcomes in the higher education as practices and policies were not reformed to counter challenges and leverage new opportunities. Managing and motivating human resources effectively is leadership challenge and key to quality outcomes .The paper opines that the onus lies on leadership for creating and leveraging a kind of robust eco system of teaching, learning and evaluation where discovering and sharing new knowledge becomes a norm. This study highlights that it is incumbent upon higher education institutions to evaluate processes, practices and outcomes regularly so that quality is sustained and leveraged for making students capable. confident and creative. The study recommends that institutions should conduct academic and administrative audit with active involvement of all stakeholders to improve upon the traditional practices for better outcomes. Academic and administrative audit of higher education institutions shall provide impetus for sustaining quality circles by leveraging the strengths and overcoming the weaknesses.
Reatividade de anticorpos contra proteína N de SARS-CoV-2 em pacientes com doenças autoimunes e em tratamento com anticorpo monoclonal
Authors:   , Andrade Iara de Lys
Published: February 2023

Pacientes com doença autoimune, como artrite reumatoide e espondilite anquilosante, podem apresentar alteração na resposta imune devido a patologia ou pelo uso constante de medicamentos imunossupressores ou imunobiológicos que afeta a resposta imunológica. Por isso, são considerados grupos de risco para covid-19 e podem também ter resposta e eficiência vacinal afetada. Considerando a indução de anticorpos contra antígenos do vírus SARS-CoV-2 como potencial marcador de resposta a vacina, este estudo objetivou a comparação da sororeatividade de anticorpos IgM e IgG contra a proteína N (nucleocapsídeo) grupos de indivíduos com doenças autoimunes e em uso de imunossupressores ou imunobiológicos em relação a indivíduos não acometidos por doença autoimune anteriormente e após a aplicação de vacina contra COVID-19. Para avaliação da soroprevalência, foram coletadas amostras de sangue de indivíduos em tratamento para doenças autoimunes, entre elas artrite reumatoide e espondilite anquilosante e em uso de anticorpos monoclonais (n=116). Estes indivíduos foram divididos nos seguintes grupos: infectados, não infectados, vacinados e não vacinados. A técnica de ELISA utilizando anticorpo secundário anti-IgM e anti-IgG foi utilizada para mensurar o nível de anticorpos em cada grupo de pacientes. Como resultado, foi observado uma maior concentração de IgM nos pacientes com doença autoimune do que nos indivíduos controle. Além disso, pacientes vacinados e em tratamento de apresentaram níveis de IgM alterados, indicando que a presença de doença autoimune e resposta a vacina pode ser diferente da população não afetada por doença autoimune. Palavras-chave: Doença autoimune. Anticorpos monoclonais. Imunogenicidade. COVID19. Soroprevalência.
Utilização do produto residual da indústria de cogumelos para controle de fitonematoides
Authors:   , Araújo Larissa Cristina
Published: February 2023

Os fitonematoides causam enormes perdas econômicas na agricultura. Os danos causados por esses parasitas podem ser facilmente confundidos com outras causas, levando ao diagnóstico tardio da patologia e comprometimento de grande parte da plantação. A estratégia mais utilizada para controlar os fitonematoides é pelo uso de nematicidas. Entretanto, o uso dessas substâncias sintéticas pode causar prejuízos ao meio ambiente e à saúde humana. Nesse contexto, os fungos nematófagos surgem como uma alternativa promissora, sem impactos ambientais e inócuos aos seres humanos. O efeito nematicida desses fungos se dá pelo uso de suas hifas, esporos ou dispositivos especiais de ataque para parasitarem os fitonematoides, como também, ação enzimática e produção de metabólitos com efeitos nematicidas ou nematostáticos. Estudos recentes conduzidos pelo nosso grupo de trabalho mostraram que resíduos agroindustriais da produção de cogumelos apresentam um grande potencial nematostático. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade nematostática de resíduos oriundos da produção de cogumelos comestíveis sobre juvenis dos nematoides de maior relevância para a agricultura brasileira: Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, e o nematoide modelo, Panagellus redivivus. Os compostos de cogumelos foram cedidos pelo Grupo Urakami, sendo esses: Hypsizygus marmoreus, Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus spp. e Pleurotus eryngii. Já os juvenis dos fitonematoides foram obtidos de raízes de sojas infectadas. Para avaliar atividade nematostática os juvenis foram testados com o extrato bruto de cada fungo avaliando-se sua taxa mortalidade, motilidade e degradação de cutícula. Para identificar os compostos com potencial nematicida, cada extrato bruto foi submetido a ultrafiltração, extração líquido-líquido à baixa temperatura e espectrometria de massas. Como resultado foi possível constatar que os resíduos dos fungos Lentinula edodes e Pleurotus ostreatus são eficientes em paralisar os juvenis de M. incognita e M. javanica, tanto para os extratos fervidos quanto para os extratos não fervidos, indicando que os compostos responsáveis pelo efeito nematostático são moléculas termorresistentes. Para o nematoide modelo, P. redivivus, esse efeito nematostático foi menor quando comparado aos fitonematoides. Não foi possível isolar os compostos com ação nematostática, sendo necessário aplicação de novas técnicas para a identificação dessas moléculas. Palavras-chave: Meloidogyne. Atividade nematostática. Resíduos fúngicos.
Unilateral Absence and Contralateral Communication Between Musculocutaneous and Median Nerve and Its Clinical Significance
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Anatomy, AIIMS Bibinagar, Hyderabad, India, Bhingardeo Alka , Chandrupatla Mrudula ,   Additional Professor & Head of Department of Anatomy, AIIMS Bibinagar Hyderabad, India
Published: February 2023

Variations and Communications between the branches of different cords is not uncommon. Martin Gruber anastomosis, Berretini anastomosis and Cannieu and Riché anastomosis are few examples of such nerve communications. During routine anatomy dissection of axilla, in a 65 years old female cadaver, we found absence of musculocutaneous nerve in left upper limb. It was found that all the muscles of front of arm were supplied by median nerve on this side. When compared on the right side, there was one communication between musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve. This communicating branch was 75 mm long. All the muscles of anterior compartment of arm were supplied by MCN and the nerve continued afterwards as lateral cutaneous nerve of arm. The knowledge of such variations helps us in neurosurgeries like surgery for Neurofibromatosis. Orthopedic, general surgeons and neurosurgeons must consider the possibility of such variations in the surgery of arm and elbow. Surgeons who perform neurotization procedures of the musculocutaneous nerve to restore elbow flexion should be aware of these anatomical variations Cutting of such communicating branch can lead to altered mobility of limb.
Pembangunan Strategi Pembelajaran Kontekstual Berbantukan GeoGebra Untuk Meningkatkan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT) Murid Sekolah Menengah
Authors: S. Abd Rahman Sharifah Nurarfah , Abdullah Abdul Halim , Ibrahim Nor Hasniza
Published: February 2023

Terdapat bukti empirikal yang menunjukkan bahawa murid di Malaysia mempunyai kesukaran untuk menjawab soalan berbentuk KBAT. Salah satu faktor yang membawa kepada permasalahan tersebut ialah strategi pembelajaran yang tidak sesuai untuk mendorong murid dalam meningkatkan KBAT mereka. Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Menengah (KSSM) amat menggalakkan strategi pembelajaran secara kontekstual, memaksimumkan pengaplikasian elemen KBAT dalam pembelajaran dan penggunaan teknologi dalam kelas matematik. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan strategi pembelajaran matematik kontekstual dengan mengintegrasikan perisian GeoGebra dalam topik Sukatan dan Geometri yang dinamakan PMK-Geo. Strategi PMK-Geo dibangunkan menggunakan model ADDIE dan model pembinaan modul Sidek yang terdiri daripada Fasa 1 (Analisis keperluan awal), Fasa 2 (Reka bentuk strategi PMK-Geo), Fasa 3 (Pembangunan strategi PMK-Geo), Fasa 4 (Pelaksanaan draf PMK-Geo) dan Fasa 5 (Penilaian draf PMK-Geo). Reka bentuk strategi PMK-Geo yang dibangunkan dalam kajian ini adalah berasaskan kepada model REACT. Ia terdiri daripada lima fasa iaitu menghubungkait (relating), mengalami (experiencing), mengaplikasi (applying), bekerjasama (cooperating) dan memindahkan (transferring). Seramai tiga orang pakar yang terdiri daripada guru cemerlang matematik dan pensyarah universiti. pandangan pakar terhadap kandungan strategi pembelajaran kontekstual yang disusun dalam strategi PMK-Geo dan kandungan KBAT. Berdasarkan maklum balas pakar, strategi REACT yang diterapkan dalam strategi PMK-Geo bersesuaian dalam pembelajaran topik Sukatan dan Geometri. Pakar juga berpendapat bahawa melalui strategi PMK-Geo, murid mempelajari konsep matematik dengan lebih menarik, berpeluang menggunakan aplikasi GeoGebra dan dapat mengukuhkan pemahaman sesuatu konsep matematik. Pakar juga bersetuju bahawa aktiviti penyelesaian masalah dalam PMK-Geo adalah bersesuaian menguji KBAT murid dan masalah matematik yang berbentuk situasi untuk menggalakkan KBAT murid.
Perancangan Masa Depan Kanak-Kanak dengan Kecelaruan Spektrum Autisme (ASD): Perspektif Ibu Bapa
Authors: Ying Ying Lydia Pook , Mohamed Suziyani
Published: February 2023

Ibu bapa menghadapi cabaran yang besar dalam membesarkan kanak-kanak dengan kecelaruan spektrum autisme (autism spectrum disorder - ASD) yang meliputi perancangan masa depan mereka. Mungkin terdapat ibu bapa yang tidak atau belum membuat sebarang perancangan kerana tidak tahu bagaimana untuk merancang atau masih sedang mempelajari cara untuk mengendalikan kehidupan anak ASD. Kajian kualitatif ini bertujuan meneroka secara mendalam tentang perancangan masa depan kanak-kanak ASD daripada perspektif ibu bapa menggunakan pendekatan Analisis Fenomenologi Interpretasi (Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis – IPA) sebagai metodologi kajian. Peserta kajian yang terdiri daripada tiga pasangan ibu bapa dengan anak ASD telah ditemu bual dan transkrip direkodkan secara verbatim serta dianalisis menggunakan teknik IPA. Hasil analisis telah mengenalpasti dua tema utama dan empat sub-tema. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa sungguhpun terdapat halangan, ibu bapa masih mempunyai harapan yang positif terhadap perancangan masa depan anak-anak ASD mereka. Dapatan kajian ini diharap dapat memberikan sokongan dan motivasi kepada ibu bapa dengan anak ASD di samping membantu para profesional dan pihak berkepentingan untuk memahami secara mendalam tentang topik perancangan masa depan kanak-kanak ASD daripada perspektif ibu bapa dan seterusnya memberikan perkhidmatan mengikut keperluan sebenar mereka.
Persepsi Guru Pendidikan Khas Mengenai Isu Kesihatan Mental Sepanjang Tempoh Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan
Authors: Ibrahim Nurul Hidayah , Mohamed Suziyani
Published: February 2023

Kesihatan mental merangkumi kesejahteraan emosi, psikologi dan sosial seseorang. Walau bagaimanapun, seseorang boleh mengalami masalah kesihatan mental seperti guru pendidikan khas. Justeru itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk meninjau kesihatan mental guru pendidikan khas di Kunak, Sabah. Dalam kajian ini, pengkaji ingin mengkaji tiga objektif utama iaitu mengukur tahap kesihatan mental guru pendidikan khas, mengenal pasti faktor penyumbang kepada masalah kesihatan mental dalam kalangan guru pendidikan khas serta langkah untuk mengurangkan masalah kesihatan mental dalam kalangan guru pendidikan khas sepanjang tempoh Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP). Data kajian ini diperoleh melalui edaran soal selidik kepada 30 orang guru pendidikan khas di Kunak dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif iaitu kekerapan, peratus, min dan sisihan piawai. Hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap kesihatan mental guru pendidikan khas dalam keadaan yang baik. Selain itu, dapatan kajian ini juga menunjukkan faktor penyumbang masalah kesihatan mental dan langkah untuk mengurangkan masalah kesihatan mental dalam kalangan guru pendidikan khas sepanjang tempoh PKP. Oleh itu, kajian yang dijalankan ini dapat memberi implikasi kepada pelbagai pihak bagi mengetahui kesihatan mental dalam kalangan guru pendidikan khas.
Faktor Penentu Kepada Pembentukan Niat Terhadap Tingkah Laku Penjimatan Air dalam kalangan Pelajar
Authors: Abd Malek Abu Anas , Halim Lilia
Published: February 2023

Air merupakan sumber semula jadi yang penting dan isu permintaan air yang tinggi menyebabkan sumber air yang ada pada masa kini menjadi semakin terhad. Maka terdapat keperluan untuk melahirkan generasi baru yang mempunyai kesedaran dan kemahiran untuk mengamalkan tingkah laku penjimatan air melalui pendidikan. Maka Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, melalui Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Menengah (KSSM) melaksanakan pendidikan alam sekitar termasuk pendidikan berkaitan air secara merentas kurikulum dan mata pelajaran sains merupakan salah satu mata pelajaran yang terlibat dalam menerapkan pengetahuan berkaitan air. Namun masih kurang kajian untuk mengenal pasti sumbangan pengetahuan berfungsi air terhadap pembentukan niat pelajar terhadap tingkah laku penjimatan air. Maka kaedah tinjauan menggunakan soal selidik telah dilaksanakan melibatkan 362 orang pelajar tingkatan dua di daerah Melaka Tengah bagi mendapatkan maklumat bagaimana pengetahuan berfungsi air termasuk konstruk yang dinyatakan dalam Teori Tingkah Laku Terancang mempengaruhi niat pelajar terhadap tingkah laku penjimatan air. Analisis regresi linear berganda menggunakan Pakej Statistik untuk Sains Sosial (SPPS) versi 23 menunjukkan bahawa pengetahuan berfungsi, sikap, norma subjektif serta tanggapan terhadap tingkah laku memberikan sumbangan signifikan terhadap pembentukan niat pelajar terhadap tingkah laku penjimatan air dengan penyumbang utama adalah norma subjektif. Maka diharap melalui kajian ini, pihak perancang serta pelaksana kurikulum dapat menerapkan kaedah dan pendekatan pembelajaran yang melibatkan ahli keluarga dan orang sekeliling pelajar yang boleh menggalakkan mereka untuk mengamalkan tingkah laku penjimatan air.
Penyoalan Lisan Guru dalam Pembelajaran Sains Berasaskan Inkuiri
Authors: Abu Bakar Noor Badriah , Halim Lilia
Published: February 2023

Penyoalan lisan guru digunakan sebagai alat interaksi antara guru dan pelajar untuk guru mencungkil pengetahuan sedia pelajar dan aktiviti penyoalan ini merangsang perkembangan kognitif pelajar. Kajian penerokaan kualitatif ini bertujuan meneroka amalan penyoalan lisan guru sekolah rendah dalam proses pengajaran berasaskan inkuiri. Maka, kajian ini dijalankan untuk meneroka dari segi kaedah penyoalan dan jenis soalan yang digunakan oleh guru. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kajian kes dan pemilihan peserta kajian adalah secara pensampelan bertujuan iaitu seramai tiga orang guru sains sekolah rendah. Data diperoleh melalui kaedah temu bual guru dan analisis dokumen. Data yang diperoleh menggunakan analisis perbandingan berterusan bagi mendapatkan tema dan sub-tema yang terkandung di dalam data yang merupakan data primer. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat dua penemuan yang menyumbang kepada amalan penyoalan lisan seseorang guru iaitu peranan dirinya sendiri bertindak sebagai scaffolder yang memberikan sokongan kepada pelajar. Guru bersoal jawab secara berkesan dengan pelajar termasuklah untuk mencuba sesuatu idea tanpa mendesak pelajar ke arah jawapan yang betul. Guru perlu mahir menyusun jenis soalan mengikut hierarki aras rendah, sederhana ke aras tinggi. Kedua, guru mengamalkan masa menunggu. Selain itu, amalan penyoalan lisan guru juga dipengaruhi oleh peranan pelajar yang memberikan maklum balas berdasarkan pengetahuan sedia ada dan tahap penglibatan pelajar sepanjang pembelajaran berasaskan inkuiri dijalankan. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini memberi input untuk membantu guru merancang bagaimana untuk mengintegrasikan penyoalan lisan dalam pembelajaran berasaskan inkuiri agar dapat meningkatkan perkembangan kognitif pelajar dan menggalakkan kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi (KBAT).
UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY REVIEW OF THE HIGHLY CITED PAPERS
Authors: VLADU Alina Beattrice , MATICA Diana-Elisabeta
Published: February 2023

Our multidisciplinary review paper aims to explore the research paradigms of unethical behavior from different academic perspectives. By doing this, our paper contributes to a better understanding of unethical behavior by drawing knowledge from alternative understandings of such behavior. More specifically, our multidisciplinary inquiry aims to summarize the main findings documented by scholars from different disciplines that conducted independent research on the topic using unique perspectives and ideas associated with the field. As such, in order to gain a better understanding of how unethical behavior is examined through a range of different disciplines and areas of research we assessed the highly cited papers found at the intersection of various categories and research areas such as management, business economics, and psychology, ethics, engineering, and environmental sciences and ecology, public environmental occupational health. Having the goal to offer the most representative research on the topic, we based our review on the highly cited papers examining unethical behavior from the Clarivate Analytics’ Web of Science (WoS), the world`s leading scientific citation search and analytical information platform. The results show that the highly cited papers analyzed cluster around two major research themes as antecedents and factors increasing/enabling unethical behavior (e.g. propensity of moral disengagement, psychological entitlement, self-serving justifications, job insecurity, air pollution, polluted social contexts, creativity, favorable attitudes of upper-class toward greed, etc.) and factors deterring or limiting it (e.g. religion, ethical leadership). Given our multidisciplinary review, our study helps provide alternative understandings and important insights on the research of unethical behavior to serve for novel investigations in both practice and theory.