bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Exceptional Summer during the South Pole Race of 1911/12
Authors: Fogt Ryan L. , Jones Megan E. , Solomon Susan , Jones Julie M. , Goergens Chad A.
Published: March 2017

The meteorological conditions during the Amundsen and Scott South Pole expeditions in 1911/12 are examined using a combination of observations collected during the expeditions as well as modern reanalysis and reconstructed pressure datasets. It is found that over much of this austral summer, pressures were exceptionally high (more than two standard deviations above the climatological mean) at both main bases, as well as along the sledging journeys, especially in December 1911. In conjunction with the anomalously high pressures, Amundsen and his crew experienced temperatures that peaked above –16°C on the polar plateau on 6 December 1911, which is extremely warm for this region. While Scott also encountered unusually warm conditions at this time, the above-average temperatures were accompanied by a wet snowstorm that slowed his progress across the Ross Ice Shelf. Although January 1912 was marked with slightly below-average temperatures and pressure, high temperatures and good conditions were observed in early February 1912, when Scott and his companions were at the top of the Beardmore Glacier. When compared to the anomalously cold temperatures experienced by the Scott polar party in late February and March 1912, the temperature change is in the top 3% based on more than 35 years of reanalysis data. Scott and his companions therefore faced an exceptional decrease in temperature when transiting to the Ross Ice Shelf in February and March 1912, which likely made the persistent cold spell they experienced on the Ross Ice Shelf seem even more intense by comparison.
An Identification of the Mechanisms that Lead to Arctic Warming During Planetary-Scale and Synoptic-Scale Wave Life Cycles
Authors: Baggett Cory , Lee Sukyoung
Published: March 2017

The dynamical mechanisms that lead to wintertime Arctic warming during the planetary-scale wave (PSW) and synoptic-scale wave (SSW) life cycles are identified by performing a composite analysis of ERA-Interim data. The PSW life cycle is preceded by localized tropical convection over the western Pacific. Upon reaching the midlatitudes, the PSWs amplify as they undergo baroclinic conversion and constructively interfere with the climatological stationary waves. The PSWs flux large quantities of sensible and latent heat into the Arctic, which produces a regionally enhanced greenhouse effect that increases downward IR and warms the Arctic 2-m temperature. The SSW life cycle is also capable of increasing downward IR and warming the Arctic 2-m temperature, but the greatest warming is accomplished in the subset of SSW events with the most amplified PSWs. Consequently, during both the PSW and SSW life cycles, wintertime Arctic warming arises from the amplification of the PSWs.
Seasonal Prediction Skill of Northern Extratropical Surface Temperature Driven by the Stratosphere
Authors: Jia Liwei , Yang Xiaosong , Vecchi Gabriel , Gudgel Richard , Delworth Thomas , Fueglistaler Stephan , Lin Pu , Scaife Adam A. , Underwood Seth , Lin Shian-Jiann
Published: March 2017

This study explores the role of the stratosphere as a source of seasonal predictability of surface climate over Northern Hemisphere extratropics both in the observations and climate model predictions. A suite of numerical experiments, including climate simulations and retrospective forecasts, are set up to isolate the role of the stratosphere in seasonal predictive skill of extratropical near-surface land temperature. It is shown that most of the lead-0-month spring predictive skill of land temperature over extratropics, particularly over northern Eurasia, stems from stratospheric initialization. It is further revealed that this predictive skill of extratropical land temperature arises from skillful prediction of the Arctic Oscillation (AO). The dynamical connection between the stratosphere and troposphere is also demonstrated by the significant correlation between the stratospheric polar vortex and sea level pressure anomalies, as well as the migration of the stratospheric zonal wind anomalies to the lower troposphere.
Ensemble Sensitivity Analysis of Wind Ramp Events with Applications to Observation Targeting
Authors: Smith Nicholas H. , Ancell Brian C.
Published: March 2017

Wind ramps present a significant challenge to the wind energy industry and are a source of inefficiency for wind farm owners and power grid operators. One approach to investigating wind ramp predictability is ensemble sensitivity analysis (ESA), which relates a scalar response function to an atmospheric variable at an earlier time. Applying ESA to wind ramps is challenging because the transient nature of the events makes it difficult to capture the ramp with a traditional response function that is fixed in space and time. This study introduces four response functions that are allowed to vary in space and time in order to identify key features of the wind ramp, such as the timing of the ramp and the largest horizontal extent of the ramp. Comparing these event-based response functions to a traditional response function reveals key differences in the sensitivity, which indicates that different aspects of the wind ramp event are sensitive to different atmospheric features. The use of multiple response functions is shown to provide a more complete understanding of the ramp event when compared to using only a traditional response function. Observation targeting is addressed by manipulating the ESA fields of six synoptically driven wind ramp events, with results showing that the horizontal location of the optimal target region varies widely between cases and a single observation location likely would not provide benefit to each case. These results indicate that a dynamic observing system would be preferable to a fixed observation for improving wind ramp forecasts.
Assessing the Accuracy of the Cloud and Water Vapor Fields in the Hurricane WRF (HWRF) Model Using Satellite Infrared Brightness Temperatures
Authors: Otkin Jason A. , Lewis William E. , Lenzen Allen J. , McNoldy Brian D. , Majumdar Sharanya J.
Published: March 2017

In this study, cycled forecast experiments were performed to assess the ability of different cloud microphysics and cumulus parameterization schemes in the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) Model to accurately simulate the evolution of the cloud and moisture fields during the entire life cycle of Hurricane Edouard (2014). The forecast accuracy for each model configuration was evaluated through comparison of observed and simulated Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-13 (GOES-13) infrared brightness temperatures and satellite-derived tropical cyclone intensity estimates computed using the advanced Dvorak technique (ADT). Overall, the analysis revealed a large moist bias in the mid- and upper troposphere during the entire forecast period that was at least partially due to a moist bias in the initialization datasets but was also affected by the microphysics and cumulus parameterization schemes. Large differences occurred in the azimuthal brightness temperature distributions, with two of the microphysics schemes producing hurricane eyes that were much larger and clearer than observed, especially for later forecast hours. Comparisons to the forecast 10-m wind speeds showed reasonable agreement (correlations between 0.58 and 0.74) between the surface-based intensities and the ADT intensity estimates inferred via cloud patterns in the upper troposphere. It was also found that model configurations that had the smallest differences between the ADT and surface-based intensities had the most accurate track and intensity forecasts. Last, the cloud microphysics schemes had the largest impact on the forecast accuracy.
Assessment of Parental Knowledge and Understanding of Eating Disorders
Authors: Bryson Amanda E. , Lehman Erik B. , Iriana Sarah M. , Lane-Loney Susan E. , Ornstein Rollyn M.
Published: March 2017

Recommended treatment of adolescent eating disorders includes active parental involvement. The purpose of this study was to assess baseline parental knowledge and understanding of eating disorders and how it is affected by participation in treatment. A cross-sectional and prospective cohort study comparing the parents of children ages 8 to 18 years seeking initial evaluation for an eating disorder at an adolescent medicine clinic (ED) to those attending appointments at a general pediatrics clinic (GP) was performed utilizing a 20-item questionnaire. There was no difference in mean scores at baseline, however after 2 months, the mean score of the ED group was significantly higher, while that of the GP group was not. The change in mean score from the first to second survey was significantly greater for the ED group than the GP group. Increased knowledge may improve self-efficacy, which plays a critical role in parents’ ability to adopt eating disorder treatments.
Do Parents Matter? Examination of White College Students’ Intergroup Experiences and Attitudes
Authors: Liao Hsin-Ya , Spanierman Lisa B. , Harlow Alicia J. , Neville Helen A.
Published: March 2017

The purpose of the study was to examine the association between parents’ attitudes towards diversity and their young adult children’s intergroup experiences and attitudes. We surveyed a sample of non-Latino White, first-year university students ( n = 154) and one of their parents ( n = 154) at the start of the academic year; a subsample of these students ( n = 87) and one of their parents ( n = 87) was also surveyed again at the end of their first year. We found that, among parents who expressed greater openness to diversity, young adult children were more likely to appreciate diversity and less likely to endorse racial colorblindness. We found similar effects regarding parents’ openness to diversity on students’ likelihood to engage in campus diversity experiences, which subsequently increased students’ diversity appreciation and decreased students’ endorsement of racial colorblindness. Implications and future directions are discussed.
On the goals and outcomes of arts education
Authors: Heller Rafael
Published: March 2017

Supporters of K-12 arts education often make the case that when students study music, dance, theatrical performance, and the visual arts, they tend to improve in the academic subjects as well. But, as Lois Hetland explains, that’s not the best way to advocate for greater investments in arts instruction. In fact, a careful analysis of a vast amount of empirical research found no conclusive evidence to support the claim that studying the arts leads to better performance in math, reading, or other subjects. To make a stronger case for arts education, she argues, advocates should point to the specific kinds of knowledge and skill that students can learn only through the arts and which can empower them to think and communicate in ways that are essential to their lives and to the health of the wider community.
Movement and learning in elementary school
Authors: Lindt Suzanne F. , Miller Stacia C.
Published: March 2017

Incorporating movement into elementary school lessons in reading, math, and other subjects can boost students’ interest and academic learning while also helping them meet recommendations for daily involvement in physical activity. In a recent study, researchers found that students in classrooms where movement was integrated into regular lessons, students showed greater engagement and interest than did peers in nonmovement based classes. The article describes five strategies for incorporating movement into elementary reading and mathematics lessons.
What real high performance looks like
Authors: Nehring James , Charner-Laird Megin , Szczesiul Stacy
Published: March 2017

The authors recently studied how well schools were teaching a a range of complex, higher-order skills. Their findings were grim. Out of 25 skills that researchers have found to be critical to success in life and work, just three were the focus of most instruction: recall, application, and (occasionally) analysis. Even when teachers explicitly made it a priority to make greater intellectual demands on students, they rarely did so. Yet, the authors did find islands of excellence. They share seven findings about the kinds of teachers and classrooms that foster deeper learning.
Building a better measure of school quality
Authors: Schneider Jack , Jacobsen Rebecca , White Rachel , Gehlbach Hunter
Published: March 2017

When it comes to measuring the quality of a school, policy leaders tend to embrace standardized tests as the go-to indicator, whereas parents and community members tend to rely on reputation, word-of-mouth, and what they perceive with their own eyes. The authors suggest a better approach: a new framework that looks at three categories of inputs (the teaching environment, school culture, and resources) as well as two categories of outputs (academic learning and cultivation of student character and well-being). Parents and community members who used the new interactive tool came away with significantly more positive perceptions of unfamiliar schools.
Less is more
Authors: Faulkner Valerie , Marshall Patricia L. , Stiff Lee V. , Crossland Cathy L.
Published: March 2017

Teacher perceptions of student abilities can affect crucial placement decisions that, in turn, affect student opportunities to learn. The author’s research shows that this is particularly the case with black students who have earned high scores on math assessments but who, on the basis of teacher judgment, have not been recommended for placement in algebra in 8th grade. The author suggests a “less-is-more” approach — that is, remove teacher judgment from placement decisions and use universally available academic achievement performance data. This will increase the true identification of high-performing students, thereby increasing the opportunity to learn among students of different demographic backgrounds and reducing achievement gaps.
The Editor’s Note
Authors: Richardson Joan
Published: March 2017

Reflecting on President Trump’s assertion that “nobody knew” it could be so complicated to improve the nation’s healthcare system, PDK’s editor considers the many things that “nobody knew” about school reform.
Leadership
Authors: Starr Joshua P.
Published: March 2017

In education, it’s often said that the “culture” of a school system determines its ability to change. But what, exactly, can superintendents do to influence district culture, and how can they tell that the culture really is changing? In this piece, Joshua Starr describes the steps he took after taking the helm of a large, well-regarded district to advocate for and model certain core values that he hoped others would embrace.
Subjective Well-Being and Gratitude Among South African Adolescents
Authors: Guse Tharina , Vescovelli Francesca , Croxford Sarah-Ann
Published: March 2017

Findings on contextual variables related to subjective well-being (SWB) and gratitude among adolescents are inconsistent. This study examined the association between SWB and gratitude among a group of South African adolescents ( n = 840) as well as gender and cultural differences in the mean scores on measures of SWB and gratitude. Correlations between SWB and gratitude were in the expected direction. Females showed higher levels of satisfaction with school, friends, and self, compared with males, and also higher levels of negative affect, state, and trait gratitude. Black adolescents were more satisfied in the domains of self and school and showed higher levels of state gratitude. White adolescents experienced higher levels of general life satisfaction and satisfaction with living environment, as well as trait gratitude. Programs to enhance youth well-being could benefit from focusing on specific life domains and affective experience to better address the needs of specific groups of adolescents.
Prostitution and Migrant Smuggling Networks Operating between Central America, Mexico, and the United States
Authors: Izcara Palacios Simón Pedro
Published: March 2017

During the past five years, a process of specialization has taken place in migrant smuggling networks that has led to the strengthening of those focused on transporting women. The reasons are that migrant women have been less affected than men by the violence in Mexico and that the adult entertainment industry pays the highest prices for irregular migrants. In-depth interviews with procurers, smugglers, and women from Central America describe the operation of the networks for the smuggling of women for prostitution operating between Central America, Mexico, and the United States and indicate that the recruitment of women is usually not coercive and that the employment of minors is more frequent in the United States than in Mexico.

En los últimos cinco años se ha producido un proceso de especialización de las redes de tráfico de migrantes que ha conducido a un fortalecimiento de aquellas que transportan mujeres. Esto se debe a dos motivos: Las mujeres migrantes se han visto menos afectadas que los hombres por la violencia en México, y la industria del entretenimiento adulto es la que más paga por los migrantes irregulares. Entrevistas en profundidad con proxenetas, traficantes de mujeres y mujeres de Centroamérica describen el funcionamiento de las redes de tráfico de mujeres empleadas en el sector de la prostitución que operan entre Centroamérica, México y Estados Unidos y concluyen que el reclutamiento de mujeres no se produce de modo coercitivo y el empleo de menores es mayor en Estados Unidos que en México.
Fractional order Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller parameter selection based on iterative feedback tuning. Case study: Ball Levitation system
Authors: Rezaei Estakhrouiyeh Mohsen , Gharaveisi Aliakbar , Vali Mohammadali
Published: March 2017

In the present research, Iterative Feedback Tuning (IFT) algorithm is employed to tune a type of fractional order Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) [Formula: see text] controller. For this purpose, fractional order calculus is introduced and some important principles are represented. Then, IFT algorithm is presented in a general form. Following it, IFT algorithm is derived to tune the specific type of PID. The relevant update law is calculated for the fractional order controller. Finally, the proposed algorithm is tested on a Hardware in Loop (HIL) system, that is, Ball Levitation (BL) system, and the efficiency of the proposed method is verified via experiments.
An adaptive linear neural network with least mean M-estimate weight updating rule employed for harmonics identification and power quality monitoring
Authors: Garanayak Priyabat , Panda Gayadhar
Published: March 2017

This paper describes a combined adaptive linear neural network and least mean M-estimate (ADALINE-LMM) algorithm for estimating the amplitude and phase of the individual harmonic contained in a distorted power system current signal. The weight vector of the ADALINE is updated iteratively by LMM algorithm. A Hampel’s three parts redescending M-estimator function is incorporated in the instantaneous cost function to provide thresholds for identifying and eliminating the effect of temporary fluctuation owing to the presence of impulsive noise. This type of combined approach shows more accurate and faster tracking capability than the combined ADALINE and variable step size least mean square (ADALINE-VSLMS) algorithm. In addition to this, the proposed algorithm is suggested in shunt hybrid active power filter (SHAPF) for extracting the harmonics and reactive power components from the distorted load currents. Extensive time domain simulation is carried out to evaluate the performance of the SHAPF for maintaining the power quality of a system under various demanding situations. Moreover, an experimental setup is developed in the laboratory for verification of the proposed control technique in a real-time application using a Spartan 3A DSP processor.
Students’ engagement profiles in mathematics according to learning environment dimensions: Developing an evidence base for best practice in mathematics education
Authors: Watt Helen M. G. , Carmichael Colin , Callingham Rosemary
Published: March 2017

The Best Practice in Mathematics Education project was funded by the Australian Office of the Chief Scientist, to examine promotion of students’ learning, engagement and aspirations in this core learning domain. We draw upon cross-sectional survey data from 551 students in grades three to nine to examine how students’ mathematics engagement relates to key dimensions of their learning climate (mastery or performance focused classrooms), teacher enthusiasm, and school caring. Engagement is known to be associated with positive school outcomes and influenced by environmental factors. Less known is whether, and the extent to which, students have different profiles of engagement across component dimensions (Fredricks, Blumenfeld, & Paris, 2004); and, how profiles may differ according to experienced environment dimensions. We first develop profiles of adolescents’ behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement using multilevel latent class analysis, educing three profiles of ‘engaged’, ‘compliant’, and ‘disengaged’ students, who systematically differed on experienced environmental factors. Mastery focused classrooms, enthusiastic teachers and caring school environment were experienced most by engaged, and least by disengaged students; performance focused classrooms were unrelated to engagement profiles. Identified patterns will be of particular use to teachers in understanding how class, teacher, and school influences together shape students’ own engagement in mathematics.
The effect of psychological state and social support on nail-biting in adolescents: An exploratory study
Authors: Sisman Fatma Nevin , Tok Ozlem , Ergun Ayse
Published: March 2017

Nail-biting is one of the most common behavioral problems in children. This study aimed to examine factors affecting nail-biting among adolescents and the effects of psychological state and social support on nail-biting. This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and May of 2014 in seven schools in Istanbul ( N = 724). Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Brief Symptom Inventory, and Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale. This study found that 48.2% of adolescents in the 11- to 17-years-old age group had a habit of nail-biting. Anxiety, depression, negative self image, somatization, hostility, and three global index scores of adolescents who bit their nails were significantly higher than in those who did not. Social support scores of those who bit their nails were significantly lower than in those who did not in the ‘mother’ and ‘classmates’ subscales and total scores. Psychological state and social support were factors affecting nail-biting among adolescents.
School mental health promotion and intervention: Experiences from four nations
Authors: Weist Mark D. , Bruns Eric J. , Whitaker Kelly , Wei Yifeng , Kutcher Stanley , Larsen Torill , Holsen Ingrid , Cooper Janice L. , Geroski Anne , Short Kathryn H.
Published: March 2017

All around the world, partnerships among schools and other youth-serving systems are promoting more comprehensive school-based mental health services. This article describes the development of international networks for school mental health (SMH) including the International Alliance for Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Schools (INTERCAMHS) and the more recent School Mental Health International Leadership Exchange (SMHILE). In conjunction with World Conferences on Mental Health Promotion, SMHILE has held pre-conference and planning meetings and has identified five critical themes for the advancement of global SMH: 1) Cross-sector collaboration in building systems of care; 2) meaningful youth and family engagement; 3) workforce development and mental health literacy; 4) implementation of evidence-based practices; and 5) ongoing monitoring and quality assurance. In this article we provide general background on SMH in four nations, two showing strong progress (the United States and Canada), one showing moderate progress (Norway), and one beginning the work (Liberia). Following general background for each country, actions in relation to the SMHILE themes are reviewed. The article concludes with plans and ideas for future global collaboration towards advancement of the SMH field.
Outcomes That Matter to Teens With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ye Clara Y. , Jeppson Thor C. , Kleinmaus Ellen M. , Kliems Harald M. , Schopp Jennifer M. , Cox Elizabeth D.
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to describe outcomes that matter to teens with type 1 diabetes. Understanding outcomes that matter to teens could support successful interventions to improve diabetes self-management.

Methods

Fifty publicly available posts published in the “teen” sections of 2 major diabetes online forums between 2011 and 2013 were analyzed using qualitative research methods. From each post, content and descriptive data (eg, duration of diabetes and age) were collected. Two members of the research team independently used open coding techniques to identify outcomes (defined as impacts or consequences of type 1 diabetes) and organized them into themes and subthemes. A codebook was jointly developed to facilitate the identification of meaningful outcomes from the posts.

Results

Teens’ average age was 15.7 years, and the average time since diabetes diagnosis was 6.3 years. The 3 most commonly mentioned outcomes were (1) interactions with peers (“I want to talk to someone who understands”), (2) emotional well-being (“Diabetes makes me want to cry”), and (3) blood glucose management (“My blood sugar never goes down”). Other identified outcomes included (4) physical well-being, (5) education and motivation of others, (6) family interactions, (7) academic achievement, and (8) interactions with important others such as teachers.

Conclusions

While teens are concerned about control of their blood glucose, there are many other outcomes that matter to them. Health care providers and diabetes educators may want to consider these other outcomes when motivating teens with type 1 diabetes to improve blood glucose control.
Psychometric Summary of the Technology-Delivered Tension Scales for Weight Management
Authors: Kramer-Jackman Kelli L. , Popkess-Vawter Sue
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this article is to summarize the psychometric results from studies of the last 25 years of the Overeating Tension Scale, Exercise Tension Scale, Feelings Tension Scale, and Feelings About Weight Tension Scale. These reliable and valid technology-delivered weight management scales can be used by clinicians independently or in combination to longitudinally identify specific triggers of overeating, skipping exercise, feeling low or down, and strong feelings about one’s body weight; motivational states, and related tension levels. Through cognitive behavior therapy, individuals can learn to shift to another motivational state and employ healthy coping mechanisms to avoid related negative behaviors. Psychometric results from seven developmental studies are described, including technology-delivery adaptation results from the original paper and pencil versions. Future tension scale development priorities also are discussed.
Test of Mindfulness-Based Psychosocial Skills Training to İmprove Insight and Functional Recovery in Schizophrenia
Authors: Yılmaz Emine , Okanlı Ayşe
Published: March 2017

This study was conducted with two groups (training and control) using a pretest/posttest design to determine the effect of mindfulness-based psychosocial skills training for improving insight and functional recovery levels in patients with schizophrenia. The study sample included 45 patients with schizophrenia (21 were in the training group/mindfulness-based psychosocial skills training and 24 were in the control group/standard drug medication). The data were collected using a Personal Information Form, Functional Remission of General Schizophrenia (FROGS) scale, and Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS). The training group was divided into two groups of 10 to 12 persons on average. Training was given as a group training for a total of 16 sessions, two sessions a week for 8 weeks. The training group scored significantly higher in functional recovery and insight levels than the control group after training ( p < .05). The study determined training has an effect on increasing the levels of insight and functional recovery in schizophrenia.
Contracting between professionals who work with offenders with personality disorder
Authors: Harvey David , Ramsden Joanne
Published: March 2017

The Offender Personality Disorder (OPD) Pathway is a national initiative which co-commissions health and probation services to work in partnership to enhance the criminal justice case management of high risk men and women who are identified as having indicators of personality disorder. To support the implementation of the pathway, the Yorkshire and Humberside Personality Disorder Partnership (YHPDP) offers psychologically informed case consultation and case management support. As part of this scheme, contracting has been used in the relationships between psychologists and offender managers in the NPS. This paper offers a definition of contracting before offering a rationale for its use when supporting probation staff who work with offenders with personality disorder. A practical guide is then provided to support offender managers, managers, psychologists or supervisors to implement contracting in their practice supporting staff. Finally, a case study is discussed to illustrate the role and impact of contracting on psychologically-informed risk management.
‘“It’s relentless”: The impact of working with primarily high-risk offenders’: A practitioner response
Authors: Lee Rosie
Published: March 2017

This piece is a response to Phillips, Westaby and Fowler’s article ‘“It’s Relentless”: The Impact of Working with Primarily High-Risk Offenders’. Their research considers the pressure felt by practitioners supervising a predominantly ‘high-risk’ caseload due to increased public protection responsibilities and organizational failure to provide guidance as to prioritization of risk and need. This response further explores the emotional impact of supervising a high-risk caseload. This is discussed in reference to the case manager’s ability to engage with a client’s personal experiences of trauma within an organizational culture, which prioritizes public protection and concern for the potential for something to ‘go wrong’. It is argued supervisory support is inadequate and additional resources should be focused on practitioners’ need to reflect on the emotional impact of working with a high-risk caseload.
Organizational Socialization in Public Administration Research: A Systematic Review and Directions for Future Research
Authors: Moyson Stéphane , Raaphorst Nadine , Groeneveld Sandra , Van de Walle Steven
Published: March 2017

Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach, we conducted a systematic review of 58 public administration studies of organizational socialization. Organizational socialization is the process of mutual adaptation between an organization and its new members. Our findings demonstrate a growing but geographically disparate interest in this issue. Public administration studies contribute to this research area with novel insights into the determinants of organizational socialization and its effects on employees’ public service motivation, Eurocrats’ support of supranational institutions, person–organization fit, and differences in the socialization of male and female public employees. The review also shows that the effects of organizational socialization on the homogenization of employees’ attitudes should not be exaggerated, especially relative to other homogenizing factors such as attraction or selection effects. The reviewed articles are methodologically eclectic, with a recent but growing interest in longitudinal designs. There are also weaknesses in the operationalization of organizational socialization. We conclude with an agenda for future studies on organizational socialization in public administration research.
Randomized Experiments and Reality of Public and Nonprofit Organizations: Understanding and Bridging the Gap
Authors: Belle Nicola , Cantarelli Paola
Published: March 2017

This article aims to contribute to the methodological advancement of experimental public administration, a nascent and promising literature stream. The article discusses the assumptions behind the theory of experimentation and the consequences of their violation; the main types of experimental designs (i.e., lab experiments, artefactual, framed, and natural field experiments); discrete choice experiments, neglected so far in our discipline for no good reason; the computation of optimal sample sizes; and the procedures for dealing with noncompliance in field experiments. The article concludes by providing tips to help public administration scholars bridge the gap between randomized trials and reality.
Back to the (Visualization) Laboratory: Using Focus Groups to Generate Qualitative and Quantitative Results
Authors: Eizenberg Efrat , Orenstein Daniel E. , Zimroni Hagit
Published: March 2017

This article introduces the immersive focus group as a mixed-methods approach in planning research. Using the immersive focus group we generate genuine knowledge of both quantitative and qualitative data about the diverse and nuanced perceptions of forest landscapes in order to then extract planning decisions. The article elaborates on the deployment of focus groups in a particular venue: the immersive theater laboratory. In doing so, we hope to position the immersive focus group as a viable tool for planning research. We conclude with a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of this approach and its potential further development.
Segmental Diffusion Properties of the Corticospinal Tract and Motor Outcome in Hemiparetic Children With Perinatal Stroke
Authors: Hodge Jacquie , Goodyear Bradley , Carlson Helen , Wei Xing-Chang , Kirton Adam
Published: March 2017

Perinatal stroke injures developing motor systems, resulting in hemiparetic cerebral palsy. Diffusion tensor imaging can explore structural connectivity. We used diffusion tensor imaging to assess corticospinal tract diffusion in hemiparetic children with perinatal stroke. Twenty-eight children (6-18 years) with unilateral stroke underwent diffusion tensor imaging. Four corticospinal tract assessments included full tract, partial tract, minitract and region of interest. Diffusion characteristics (fractional anisotropy, mean, axial, and radial diffusivity) were calculated. Ratios (lesioned/nonlesioned) were compared across segments and to validated long-term motor outcomes (Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure, Assisting Hand Assessment, Melbourne Assessment). Fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity ratios decreased as tract size decreased, while mean diffusivity showed consistent symmetry. Poor motor outcomes were associated with lower fractional anisotropy in all segments and radial diffusivity correlated with both Assisting Hand Assessment and Melbourne Assessment. Diffusion imaging of segmented corticospinal tracts is feasible in hemiparetic children with perinatal stroke. Correlations with disability support clinical relevance and utility in model development for personalized rehabilitation.
Working Alliance and Psychopathy: Linkages to Treatment Outcome in a Sample of Treated Sexual Offenders
Authors: DeSorcy Danielle R. , Olver Mark E. , Wormith J. Stephen
Published: March 2017

The present study examined the working alliance, as measured by the full-length Working Alliance Inventory (WAI), and its association with psychopathy, treatment completion, and recidivism in a sample of 111 incarcerated adult male sexual offenders. The men completed the WAI 3 months into their treatment program, while psychopathy was measured via file-based ratings of the Hare’s Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R), and outcome data were collected via the Canadian Police Information Centre. The majority (85%) of high PCL-R scoring men (PCL-R 25+) successfully completed their treatment program, and by and large, the men demonstrated strong working alliances with their primary therapists. The WAI scale components showed differential associations with the structural features of psychopathy. Specifically, the Affective facet was significantly associated with weaker Bond scores, while the Lifestyle facet was associated with lower Task scores; these results were upheld after controlling for scores on the other PCL-R facets. Strength of alliance, however, was not significantly associated with any recidivism outcomes, irrespective of controls for psychopathy. Implications for the treatment of offenders with high levels of psychopathic traits are discussed in light of extant findings and unique features of the therapeutic alliance.
A Nordic heavy haul experience and best practices
Authors: Asplund Matthias , Famurewa Stephen M , Schoech Wolfgang
Published: March 2017

This article summarizes the experiences gained at the Nordic heavy haul line “Malmbanan” located in Northern Sweden and Norway during the years 2007 to 2015 and the resulting best practice. Unique long-term information of field trials and monitoring from the on-going development for maintenance of rail and wheel has been described. The reported results come from the rail profile measurements using MiniProf and HC-recordings with Eddy-current devices and visual inspection on 43 test sections. The monitoring has been continuous since the project started, to reveal a deep insight into the complex wheel–rail interaction and provide understanding of the effect of applying optimized specifications. This was particularly important in view of the increasing traffic load that contributed to doubling of the yearly grinding campaigns. This article presents in particular the new MB5 profile, the wear rate behaviour between two different curves, impacts of gauge widening on rail rolling contact fatigue and the speed of gauge widening as well as the seasonal impact on the crack propagation. The presently applied maintenance strategy is discussed together with other experiences. The article finishes with some conclusions and an outlook into further work.
The Association of Workplace Exposures on Quality of Life in Small and Medium Enterprises Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Four ASEAN Countries
Authors: Isahak Marzuki , Loh May Young , Susilowati Indri Hapsari , Kaewboonchoo Orawan , Harncharoen Kitiphong , Mohd Amin Nursuhaili , Toai Nguyen Phuong , Low Wah-Yun , Ratanasiripong Paul
Published: March 2017

Quality of life is associated with several factors, including personal living styles and working conditions. This article aims to investigate the factors associated with quality of life among small and medium enterprises (SME) workers in 4 countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), namely Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam. A total of 2014 workers from food and textile industries were asked to answer a questionnaire about their sociodemographic characteristics, working environment and conditions, and quality of life. Results from showed that lifestyle (ie, alcohol intake and exercising), working characteristics (ie, shift work, working hours, and working days) and workplace conditions were associated with SME workers’ quality of life (ie, physical, psychological, social, and environmental domain). Among the 16 types of workplace conditions, “sitting on the chair” and “slippery floor” most affect their quality of life . It is important for these variables to be taken into account in promoting workers’ well-being and quality of life.
Analysis of multiple moving mode-III cracks in a functionally graded magnetoelectroelastic half-plane
Authors: Ayatollahi Mojtaba , Mahmoudi Monfared Mojtaba , Nourazar Mahsa
Published: March 2017

This study deals with the interaction of multiple moving mode-III cracks in a functionally graded magnetoelectroelastic half-plane. The cracks are assumed to be either magneto-electrically impermeable or permeable. First, the singular stress, electric displacement, and magnetic induction fields in a half-plane with dislocations are obtained in closed form by the means of complex Fourier transform and then the problem is reduced to a system of singular integral equations in a set of unknown functions representing dislocation densities. These integral equations are Cauchy singular and are solved numerically to determine field intensity factors for multiple moving cracks. The results show that the crack velocity has great effect on the field intensity factors.
The U.K.’s “Dash for Gas”
Authors: Watterson Andrew , Dinan William
Published: March 2017

The evidence on public health regulation of the unconventional gas extraction (fracking) industry was examined using a rapid evidence assessment of fifteen case studies from multiple countries. They included scientific and academic papers, professional reports, government agency reports, industry and industry-funded reports, and a nongovernment organization report. Each case study review was structured to address strengths and weaknesses of the publication in relation to our research questions. Some case studies emphasized inherent industry short-, medium-, and long-term dangers to public health directly and through global climate change impacts. Other case studies argued that fracking could be conducted safely assuming industry best practice, “robust” regulation, and mitigation, but the evidence base for such statements proved generally sparse. U.K. regulators’ own assessments on fracking regulation are also evaluated. The existing evidence points to the necessity of a precautionary approach to protect public health from unconventional gas extraction development.
Mechanical and energy release characteristics of different water-bearing sandstones under uniaxial compression
Authors: Zhao Yongchuan , Yang Tianhong , Xu Tao , Zhang Penghai , Shi Wenhao
Published: March 2017

This paper presents the experimental results of calcium argillaceous cemented sandstones with different water contents under uniaxial and cyclic loading conditions. The effects of the water content status on peak strength, deformation, and dissipated energy are discussed. Meanwhile, the acoustic emission energy is also studied based on the accelerating energy release theory and energy distribution density function. The experimental results show that the water content has remarkable effects on the peak strength and elastic modulus by a decrease of 37–58% and 15.7–21% after being saturated, respectively. Both the accumulated dissipated energy and dissipated energy generating ratio of dry specimens are higher than those of the saturated specimens. The acoustic emission energy release rate of dry specimens is higher than those of the saturated specimens, which means a high tendency of sudden failure for dry specimens. Moreover, the distributions of acoustic emission absolute energy are consistent with the normal density distribution function, and the AE energy expectations of dry specimens are higher than those of the saturated ones in the loading process and they show an obvious increasing trend on approaching failure. These conclusions will be helpful for the illumination of water-weakening effects on the mechanics parameters and failure mechanism analysis in view of the releasing energy.
Performance, Stress, and Attitudinal Outcomes of Perceptions of Others’ Entitlement Behavior: Supervisor–Subordinate Work Relationship Quality as Moderator in Two Samples
Authors: Hackney Kaylee J. , Maher Liam P. , Daniels Shanna R. , Hochwarter Wayne A. , Ferris Gerald R.
Published: March 2017

Supervisor–subordinate work relationships are based on a series of potentially fluctuating resource allocation episodes. Building on this reality, we hypothesized in the present research that supervisor–subordinate work relationship quality will neutralize the negative attitudinal and behavioral strain effects associated with perceptions of others’ entitlement behavior. We draw upon the transactional theory of stress, and the social exchange and support features of leader–member exchange theory, to explain our expected neutralizing effects on job tension, job satisfaction, and contextual performance/citizenship behavior. Results supported study hypotheses in Sample 1. Findings were replicated in Sample 2 and extended by also demonstrating the interaction effect on task performance. Contributions to theory and research, strengths and limitations, directions for future work, and practical implications are discussed.
Diabetic Foot Complications Despite Successful Pancreas Transplantation
Authors: Seo Dong-Kyo , Lee Ho Seong , Park Jungu , Ryu Chang Hyun , Han Duck Jong , Seo Sang Gyo
Published: March 2017

Background:

It is known that successful pancreas transplantation enables patients with diabetes to maintain a normal glucose level without insulin and reduces diabetes-related complications. However, we have little information about the foot-specific morbidity in patients who have undergone successful pancreas transplantation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and predisposing factors for foot complications after successful pancreas transplantation.

Methods:

This retrospective study included 218 patients (91 males, 127 females) who had undergone pancreas transplantation for diabetes. The mean age was 40.7 (range, 15-76) years. Diabetes type, transplantation type, body mass index, and diabetes duration before transplantation were confirmed. After pancreas transplantation, the occurrence and duration of foot and ankle complications were assessed.

Results:

Twenty-two patients (10.1%) had diabetic foot complications. Fifteen patients (6.9%) had diabetic foot ulcer and 7 patients (3.2%) had Charcot arthropathy. Three patients had both diabetic foot ulcer and Charcot arthropathy. Three insufficiency fractures (1.4%) were included. Mean time of complications after transplantation was 18.5 (range, 2-77) months. Creatinine level 1 year after surgery was higher in the complication group rather than the noncomplication group ( P = .02).

Conclusion:

Complications of the foot and ankle still occurred following pancreas transplantation in patients with diabetes.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, comparative study
Working Memory
Authors: Lazar Mariana
Published: March 2017

Working memory, the ability to transiently keep, process, and use information as part of ongoing mental processes is an essential feature of cognitive functioning. The largest number of items that people can hold in their working memory, referred to as the capacity of working memory, is limited and varies substantially among individuals. Uncovering the biological factors that underlie these two defining properties of working memory capacity remains a key undertaking of modern cognitive neuroscience since capacity strongly predicts how well we reason, learn, and even do math. In this work we review data that highlights the role white matter, which provides the wiring of the extensive neural networks that activate during working memory tasks, may play in interindividual variations in capacity. We also describe advanced diffusion imaging methods, which may be uniquely suited in capturing those white matter features that are most relevant to capacity. Finally, we discuss several possible mechanisms through which white matter may both contribute to and limit working memory.