bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scale up of Microbial Fuel Cell Stack System for Residential Wastewater Treatment in Continuous Mode Operation
Authors: Valladares Linares Rodrigo , Domínguez-Maldonado Jorge , Rodríguez-Leal Ernesto , Patrón Gabriel , Castillo-Hernández Alfonso , Miranda Alfredo , Diaz Romero Diana , Moreno-Cervera Rodrigo , Camara-chale Gerardo , Borroto Carlos G. , Alzate-Gaviria Liliana
Published: January 2019

The most important operational expense during wastewater treatment is electricity for pumping and aeration. Therefore, this work evaluated operational parameters and contaminant removal efficiency of a microbial fuel cell stack system (MFCSS) that uses no electricity. This system consists of (i) septic tank primary treatment, (ii) chamber for secondary treatment containing 18 MFCs, coupled to an energy-harvesting circuit (EHC) that stores the electrons produced by anaerobic respiration, and (iii) gravity-driven disinfection (sodium hypochlorite 5%). The MFCSS operated during 60 days (after stabilization period) and it was gravity-fed with real domestic wastewater from a house (5 inhabitants). The flow rate was 600 ± 100 L∙d−1. The chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorous were measured in effluent, with values of 100 ± 10; 12 ± 2; 9.6 ± 0.5 and 4 ± 0.2 mg∙L−1, and removal values of 86%, 87%, 84% and 64%, respectively. Likewise, an EHC (ultra-low energy consumption) was built with 6.3 V UCC® 4700 µF capacitors that harvested and stored energy from MFCs in parallel. Energy management was programmed on a microcontroller Atmega 328PB®. The water quality of the treated effluent complied with the maximum levels set by the Mexican Official Standard NOM-001-SEMARNAT-1996-C. A cost analysis showed that MFCSS could be competitive as a sustainable and energy-efficient technology for real domestic wastewater treatment.
Spatial Characteristics and Implications of Grey Water Footprint of Major Food Crops in China
Authors: Wang Lin , Zhang Yutong , Jia Ling , Yang Guiyu , Yao Yizhen , Wang Weiping
Published: January 2019

The estimated, effective increase of agricultural fertilizer applied in China by 10.57 Mts from 2006 to 2016 is a crucial factor affecting the water environment. Based on analyzing the nitrate-leaching rate, the nitrogen-fertilizer application rate, and crop yield in wheat and maize key cultivation divisions in China, this paper applied the grey water footprint analytical method to estimate THE grey water footprint and its proportion to total water footprint and analyzed the spatial differences from 2012 to 2016. Results showed that the grey water footprint of wheat was higher in North and Northwest China with an increasing trend, while that of maize was higher in Southwest and Northwest China because of high nitrogen application rates and low yields in these regions. Except for the Southwestern division, wheat’s grey water footprint was about 1.3 times higher than the blue water footprint, while, for maize, it was two to three times higher. When analyzing and planning water demand for crop irrigation, the water required for nonpoint source pollution due to chemical fertilizers should be considered. Focusing blue water (irrigation) alone, while neglecting green water and ignoring grey water footprints, it might lead to overestimation of available agricultural water resources and failure to meet the goals of sustainable use of water resources.
Numerical Study on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Submarine Pipelines under the Impact of Real-World Tsunami-Like Waves
Authors: Zhao Enjin , Qu Ke , Mu Lin , Kraatz Simon , Shi Bing
Published: January 2019

Submarine pipelines have been extensively used for marine oil and gas extraction due to their high efficiency, safety, and low price. However, submarine pipelines are vulnerable to extreme waves (i.e., tsunami waves). Previous research has often used solitary waves as a basis for studying the impacts of tsunami waves on submarine pipelines, although the hydrodynamic characteristics and wave properties drastically differ from those of real-world tsunami waves. This paper numerically investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics of tsunami waves interacting with submarine pipelines, but instead uses an improved wave model to generate a tsunami-like wave that more closely resembles those encountered in the real-world. The tsunami-like wave generated based on a real-world tsunami wave profile recorded during a 2011 tsunami in Japan has been applied. Given the same wave height, simulation results show that peak hydrodynamic forces of the tsunami-like wave are greater than those of the solitary wave. Meanwhile, the duration of the acting force under the tsunami-like wave is much longer than that of the solitary wave. These findings underline the basic reasons for the destructive power of tsunamis. It is also noted that the hydrodynamic forces of the pipeline under the tsunami-like wave increase with wave height, but will decrease as water depth increases. In addition to the single pipeline, the complicated hydrodynamic characteristics of pipelines in tandem arrangement have been also numerically studied. It is believed that the findings drawn from this paper can enhance our understanding of the induced forces on submarine pipelines under extreme tsunami waves.
Whole-Ecosystem Experiments Reveal Varying Responses of Phytoplankton Functional Groups to Epilimnetic Mixing in a Eutrophic Reservoir
Authors: Lofton Mary E. , McClure Ryan P. , Chen Shengyang , Little John C. , Carey Cayelan C.
Published: January 2019

Water column mixing can influence community composition of pelagic phytoplankton in lakes and reservoirs. Previous studies suggest that low mixing favors cyanobacteria, while increased mixing favors green algae and diatoms. However, this shift in community dominance is not consistently achieved when epilimnetic mixers are activated at the whole-ecosystem scale, possibly because phytoplankton community responses are mediated by mixing effects on other ecosystem processes. We conducted two epilimnetic mixing experiments in a small drinking water reservoir using a bubble-plume diffuser system. We measured physical, chemical, and biological variables before, during, and after mixing and compared the results to an unmixed reference reservoir. We observed significant increases in the biomass of cyanobacteria (from 0.8 ± 0.2 to 2.4 ± 1.1 μg L−1, p = 0.008), cryptophytes (from 0.7 ± 0.1 to 1.9 ± 0.6 μg L−1, p = 0.003), and green algae (from 3.8 to 4.4 μg L−1, p = 0.15) after our first mixing event, likely due to increased total phosphorus from entrainment of upstream sediments. After the second mixing event, phytoplankton biomass did not change but phytoplankton community composition shifted from taxa with filamentous morphology to smaller, rounder taxa. Our results suggest that whole-ecosystem dynamics and phytoplankton morphological traits should be considered when predicting phytoplankton community responses to epilimnetic mixing.
Evaluation of Water Resources Security in the Karst Region from the “Man-Land-Water” Perspective: A Case Study of Guizhou Province
Authors: Zheng Qun-Wei , Su Wei-Ci , Zhang Feng-Tai , Zhou Zi-Qin
Published: January 2019

This paper constructs a water resources security evaluation model from the “man (human activity intensity)-land (geological and geomorphological features)-water (water resources background conditions)” perspective, which accounts for the characteristics of hydrology and water resources in karst areas. A water resources security evaluation index system is established from three aspects (i.e., the background conditions of water resources, human activity intensity and geological and geomorphological features). The evaluation standard threshold is determined in accordance with relevant standards and domestic/foreign development experience. Both the comprehensive weights obtained by the Lagrange coefficient and the multi-objective fuzzy membership functions are used to comprehensively evaluate the spatial and temporal evolution of water resources security in Guizhou Province from 2001 to 2015. The results show that the water resources security comprehensive index of Guizhou Province was between 0.6 and 0.8 during this time (relatively safe type) and the safety was trending upwards. However, the comprehensive index of water resources security of each city in Guizhou Province demonstrates significant spatiotemporal variation. Whilst the comprehensive index was low in the Western part and high in the Eastern part of the province, it generally improved over time for the entire province. Moreover, the criteria layer indexes of water resources security in Guizhou Province and all cities also showed different degrees of variation and regional consistency across space and time. The interaction among these three aspects promoted the spatiotemporal variation of the Water Resources Security Comprehensive Index. In order to safeguard and improve water resources security, it is important to strengthen ecological and environmental management, promote the efficient use of water resources, establish sound management measures and security system related institutions and ensure water resources security.
Water Price Prediction for Increasing Market Efficiency Using Random Forest Regression: A Case Study in the Western United States
Authors: Xu Ziyao , Lian Jijian , Bin Lingling , Hua Kaixun , Xu Kui , Chan Hoi Yi
Published: January 2019

The existence of water markets establishes water prices, promoting trading of water from low- to high-valued uses. However, market participants can face uncertainty when asking and offering prices because water rights are heterogeneous, resulting in inefficiency of the market. This paper proposes three random forest regression models (RFR) to predict water price in the western United States: a full variable set model and two reduced ones with optimal numbers of variables using a backward variable elimination (BVE) approach. Transactions of 12 semiarid states, from 1987 to 2009, and a dataset containing various predictors, were assembled. Multiple replications of k-fold cross-validation were applied to assess the model performance and their generalizability was tested on unused data. The importance of price influencing factors was then analyzed based on two plausible variable importance rankings. Results show that the RFR models have good predictive power for water price. They outperform a baseline model without leading to overfitting. Also, the higher degree of accuracy of the reduced models is insignificant, reflecting the robustness of RFR to including lower informative variables. This study suggests that, due to its ability to automatically learn from and make predictions on data, RFR-based models can aid water market participants in making more efficient decisions.
Nitrogen Removal Characteristics and Comparison of the Microbial Community Structure in Different Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation Reactors
Authors: Zhang Liqiu , Lv Wei , Li Shugeng , Geng Zhongxuan , Yao Hainan
Published: January 2019

Nitrogen removal characteristics and the comparison of the microbial community structure were investigated in different anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) reactors: an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) and a biofilter reactor. The Anammox systems were inoculated with sludge from the second settling tank of a wastewater treatment plant in Guangzhou, China. After successful start up of Anammox, the microbial community structure of different Anammox reactors were studied through high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that anaerobic ammonium oxidation in the ASBR reactor could successfully start up after 134 days, while Anammox in the biofilter could start up after 114 days. In both systems, total nitrogen removal was at 80% after more than 200 days of operation. The diversity of denitrifying microorganisms was high in both reactors, with Planctomycetes as the main taxa. Anammox bacteria belonging to the genera Candidatus Anammoxoglobus and Kuenenia, were dominant in the ASBR, while all three genera of Candidatus, Anammoxoglobus, Kuenenia, and Brocadia, could be detected in the biofilter reactor. Therefore, the biofilter starts up faster than the ASBR, and contains richer species, which makes it more suitable to domesticate Anammox bacteria.
Turfing, Desire Pathing, and Modes of Remembrance And Creative Citizenship Under Surveillance: Visuals Traveling Space—movement Traveling Time
Authors: Rothmüller Ninette
Published: January 2019

Focusing on Oakland as the sociogeographical site, and on turfing as a hood dance practice performed in Oakland, this article discusses modes of resistance, remembrance, as well as the desire to challenge sociocultural and political landscapes. This article introduces the concept of
movement-based remapping as a sociocultural and political strategy and in doing so incorporates the architectural concept of desire paths. It frames turfing as event in the sense of it being essentially significant to how a difference in the lives of those who turf and beyond is made and manifested
through repetition and the establishment of a movement vocabulary. Through a reliance on a variety of different data types, including visual and (audio)visual data, in this article I will be studying turfing with a focus on the differences it creates and how, and additionally with an attention
to the newness it invites to modes of social interaction and processes of creative world making. In doing so, I will be incorporating Hannah Arendt's concept of action. This article suggests that movement-based remapping has the capacity to address racial inequality within the social fabric
and cultural architecture of the street as a designed urban site of multiactor flows. I suggest that a movement-based practice of remapping is a tool with which to challenge ideas of power within a space, and to question everyday movement scripts whether spatial, social, or political, through
repetition, heightened visibility, and creating pathways for interactions.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THERMAL MODIFICATION INFLUENCE ON SORPTION QUALITIES OF BIOSORBENTS
Authors: Baltrenas Pranas , Vaišis Vaidotas
Published: January 2019

When collecting oil products from a water surface water soaking is unavoidable. It makes a sorbent sink into water and reduces its capacity to take oil products. Previous experiments have revealed [15] that a biosorbent made of moss growing in Lithuania absorb oil products efficiently from a water surface but water soaking is high (14 g of water / g of a sorbent). To reduce water soaking a biosorbent should be impregnated or modified in another way. Impregnation results in occurrence of certain substances in a sorbent that increase pollution, if the sorbent is left in nature. One of the most perspective ways of modification without extra chemical substances is thermal modification. During heating chemical changes (dissociation of‐COOH and ‐OH free radicals) occur in a biosorbent, which have an influence on the combining of water molecules. A reduced number of these free radicals results in a reduced amount of soaked water. A biosorbent made of moss is very flammable, so definition of a sufficient and safe heating temperature and heating time is very important.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF BIODEGRADATION PROCESSES IN FOOD WASTE
Authors: Baltrenas Pranas , Jankaite Audrone , Raistenskis Ervinas
Published: January 2019

Millions of tons of different organic waste form in the world every year, but only a little part of waste is suitable for biogas production, while its rest part can't be used for biogas production because of different reasons and is utilized using other methods or deposited in landfills. Organic waste, produced in our country, is mixed very often with different kinds of municipal or industrial waste. For a successful use of anaerobic organic waste treatment technologies, a maximal decrease of its harmful effect on the environment, and reaching of a maximum economic efficiency, it is necessary to sort organic waste (or better, not to mix it with other inorganic waste from the very start). Experimental investigation with fruit, vegetable and meat waste are presented in the paper. The aim of the investigation was to observe the concentrations of released methane and oxygen gases as well as to measure temperature changes.
The Effect of Lower and Higher Calorie Meal on the Parameters of Ventricular Repolarization in Healthy Subjects
Authors: SÃ¶kmen ErdoÄŸan , Ã‡alÄ±ÅŸkan HacÄ± Mehmet , Ã‡elik Mustafa , Sivri Serkan , BoduroÄŸlu YalÃ§Ä±n , Ã–zbek Sinan Cemgil
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular modulation following meal consumption has been known. Little and conflicting data is present regarding electrocardiographic QT and QTc intervals after a meal, and status of ventricular repolarization following meal is not known comprehensively.
AIM: To inquire the electrocardiographic status of ventricular repolarisation thoroughly after lower and higher calorie meal consumption in a comparative manner.
METHODS: A group of 61 healthy individuals were studied before and after lunch. They were divided into two groups according to the calorie consumed (higher calorie and lower calorie; median 1580 and 900 kcals, respectively). Calorie consumed was estimated using dietary guidelines. Data was collected from 12-lead ECG both in a fasted state and 2nd postprandial hour for each participant. Parameters of ventricular repolarization, namely, JTp, Tp-e, QT, QTc intervals and their ratios, as well as RR intervals, were compared between fasted and postprandial states for every participant.
RESULTS: Tp-e and QTc intervals, and Tp-e/QTc ratio do not significantly change after both higher- and lower-calorie meals. JTp and QT intervals significantly shorten in both groups, regardless of the calorie consumed. While JTp shows a positive correlation with RR interval both before and after a meal in lower calorie intake group, no correlation was found with RR interval after a meal in higher calorie group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that higher calorie intake during a meal is a predictor for greater shortening in JTp and QT, compared to lower calorie meal.
CONCLUSION: Our study may guide future studies on ventricular repolarisation, particularly those conducted on various disease conditions or drug effect of cardiac electrophysiology.
Altered thoracolumbar position during application of craniocaudal spinal mobilisation in clinically sound leisure horses
Authors: Taylor F. , Tabor G. , Williams J.M.
Published: January 2019

Manual therapy techniques are commonly used by physiotherapists in the management of back pain to restore a pain-free range of motion and function in humans. However, there is a lack of research to support the proposed kinematic effects of manual therapy in the horse. This study investigated the kinematic effects of craniocaudal spinal mobilisation (CCSM) on the thoracolumbar spine in asymptomatic leisure horses. Markers were fixed to T10, T13, T17, L1, L3, the highest point of the wither and the tuber sacrale on thirteen horses that were positioned squarely. The CCSM technique consisted of two parts: (1) carpal flexion of either forelimb to 90° to maintain the horse in a tripod position, and (2) the application of a cranial to caudal force to the forehand via the ipsilateral point of the shoulder. Movement changes of the thoracolumbar markers from baseline to maximum flexion when the CCSM was applied was recorded as ‘depth’ (mm) relative to a fixed line drawn from the tuber sacrale to the maximal point of the withers. The change in angle (°) of each marker relative to the same markers was also recorded. Data were collected via video and analysed with Dartfish™ software. Increases in maximum thoracolumbar angle (P<0.05) and reductions in thoracolumbar depth (P<0.05) were found with CCSM. These results indicate CCSM induced flexion in the thoracolumbar spine, supporting its potential to improve range of motion and function in horses. Further studies to understand whether the changes observed during CCSM translate to treatment of back pain are warranted.
Impact of climatic conditions on fumonisins in maize grown in Serbia
Authors: Udovicki B. , Djekic I. , Stankovic S. , Obradovic A. , Rajkovic A.
Published: January 2019

The influence of climatic conditions on the levels of fumonisins in maize grown in Serbia was studied over eight years (2008 to 2015), investigating the possible relationship between the levels of fumonisins contamination in maize in relation to registered weather/climatic conditions. Presence of these mycotoxins in maize after harvest was evaluated based on climatic conditions within two periods: 10 days before and 10 days after 50% silking. Categories of fumonisins levels were transformed into classes. Chi-square test for association was used in analysing relationships between results of fumonisins levels and calendar years. Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare differences between meteorological data of two subsets in years with high and low fumonisins level. There was a statistically significant association between the fumonisins levels and calendar years χ2=247.954; (P<0.05). This study identified low precipitation and low humidity combined with high solar radiation as a critical parameter combination for elevated levels of fumonisins. The statistically significant difference in relation to some of the examined parameters suggests that maize in Serbian agro-climatic conditions is more susceptible to fungal colonisation, and subsequent fumonisin production in the period of 10 days before 50% silking.
Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2017-2018
Authors: Tittlemier S.A. , Cramer B. , Dall’Asta C. , Iha M.H. , Lattanzio V.M.T. , Malone R.J. , Maragos C. , Solfrizzo M. , Stranska-Zachariasova M. , Stroka J.
Published: January 2019

This review summarises developments that have been published in the period from mid-2017 to mid-2018 on the analysis of various matrices for mycotoxins. Analytical methods to determine aflatoxins,Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxins, patulin, trichothecenes, and zearalenone are covered in individual sections. Advances in sampling strategies are discussed in a dedicated section, as are methods used to analyse botanicals and spices, and newly developed comprehensive liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric based multi-mycotoxin methods. This critical review aims to briefly discuss the most important recent developments and trends in mycotoxin determination as well as to address limitations of the presented methodologies.
Scientific Research Capability and Continuing Education Needs for Nurses With Master's Degrees in China
Authors: Li Xiao-Dan , Chen Hui-Juan , Wang Ling , Kong Xiang Yan , Ying Jusu
Published: January 2019

Background:

This study investigated the scientific research capacity and related factors of nurses with Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) degrees to provide information on hierarchical management and continuing education of nurses in China.

Method:

This multi-center cross-sectional study included 221 MSN hospital nurses in China.

Results:

Ninety-one percent of MSN nurses had good or excellent research capacity. Continuing education requirements existed regarding research practice and design. Research time, teamwork, leadership support, and retraining opportunities influenced research capacity, which decreased with increasing age and years of work, especially at 3 to 5 years after initial employment.

Conclusion:

Clinical managers should pay attention to factors that influence nurses' research capacity and continuing education requirements. Multiple incentives should be used for MSN nurses, especially for those with 3 to 5 years of employment, to provide more chances for self-actualization, to take advantage of their talents, and to promote the development of clinical nursing.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2019;50(2):61–68.]
Motivation of Parents Towards Reading Multilingual eBooks To Pre-School Children
Authors: See Kwee Teck , Madhubala Bava Harji , Koo Ah Choo
Published: January 2019

The use of mobile devices for language learning, under the Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) has been found to motivate children to read digital print. However, parents need to be convinced of the benefits of this new technology-assisted learning method within a multilingual learning context. A case study was conducted to propose a MALL framework in which educators and parents created a shared meaningful learning environment to develop the children’s emergent multilingual literacy skills, using mobile devices installed with interactive multilingual eBooks. This paper reports the findings, specifically on the parents’ attitude and motivation towards reading multilingual eBooks with their children. A group of 25 multi-ethnic families, together with their 5-year-old children participated in this study. A mixed-method explanatory research design obtained parent's attitude and motivation from a questionnaire, interview, and feedback form. The results show a high level of parents’ acceptance toward reading eBook with their children. Parents attributed their positive attitude and motivation towards MALL to the use of the multimedia, multilingual, and mobile platform. The MALL framework was also found to encourage parents and other adults to scaffold the children’s multilingual skills development. However, there were also setbacks toward the use of eBook as some parents expressed a stronger preference for printed books and were concerned with health issues associated with the children’s eBook use. Areas for improvements and future research are also made in this paper.
Multidisciplinary Approach to Bilaterally Missing Lateral Incisors: A Case Report
Authors: Jatol-Tekade Suruchi , Tekade Satyajit Ashok , Khetrapal Shaleen , Sarode Sachin , Patil Shankargouda
Published: January 2019

Maxillary lateral incisors are most common teeth to be found missing. They also are the most common teeth that need esthetic replacement. A 23-year-old female patient with missing maxillary lateral incisors was treated orthodontically: laterals were replaced with implants. Challenges while doing this case are discussed in the following case report.
The Professional Quality of Life Among Health-Care Providers and its Related Factors
Authors: Keshavarz Zohreh , Gorji Maryam , Houshyar Zeinab , Tamajani Zeinab Talebi , Martin Jeno
Published: January 2019

Introduction:

The professional quality of life is a type of emotion that every person perceives to his/her job. This study aimed to evaluate the professional quality of life among health-care providers including physicians, nurses, and midwives and its related factors.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018. Participants were 464 doctors, nurses, and midwives working in educational hospitals of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences selected using a convenience method. Data were collected using demographic information questionnaire and Persian version of the professional quality of life questionnaire. Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the related factors.

Results:

In the present study, 464 health-care providers including 150 doctors, 161 midwives, and 153 nurses participated. Their mean age was 32.29 ± 6.88 years. The majority of them (56.2%) reported a moderate job satisfaction. The mean (standard deviation) of participants' scores in the domains of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress was 38.84 (6.23), 13.53 (4.34), and 27.05 (5.70), respectively. The regression model showed that high and medium job satisfaction, monthly income, and work shift arrangements were significant predictors for all domains of professional quality of life.

Conclusion:

Physicians, midwives, and nurses had a moderate professional quality of life. Factors such as high job satisfaction, monthly income, and work shift arrangements partly predicted their professional quality of life. Therefore, paying enough attention to improving job satisfaction and improving working conditions and income might improve the professional quality of life of health-care providers, and consequently, the quality of patient care.
Relationships among Health-Related Behaviors, Smartphone Dependence, and Sleep Duration in Female Junior College Students
Authors: Yang Shang-Yu , Chen Kai-Li , Lin Pin-Hsuan , Wang Po-Yu
Published: January 2019

Introduction:

Inadequate sleep is common among adolescents. Females have been found to have higher sleep requirement than that in males. This study aimed at (1) investigating the associations of sleep duration with smartphone dependence and a health-promoting lifestyle, and (2) identifying predictor(s) of inadequate sleep among adolescent females.

Methods:

This questionnaire-based cross-sectional study recruited 385 female junior college students (mean age: 17.50 ± 3.30 years) at a single tertiary education institute in December 2014. The questionnaire comprised three parts: (1) demographic/anthropometric characteristics (i.e., age, body mass index) and habits of alcohol/tobacco consumption, (2) smartphone dependence score according to the participant's response to four questions rated with five-point Likert scale, and (3) scores on compliance with six dimensions of the health-promoting lifestyle profile (HPLP), including nutrition, health responsibility, self-actualization, interpersonal support, exercise, stress management, and total score. Correlations of the study parameters and sleep adequacy (defined as ≥7 h) were investigated.

Results:

The mean sleep duration of the participants was 7.35 ± 1.49 h. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated significant negative correlation between smartphone dependence and sleep duration (P < 0.01), as well as positive associations of sleep duration with the nutrition (P < 0.01), health responsibility (P < 0.05), stress management (P < 0.01) dimensions, and total score (P = 0.01) of HPLP. Stepwise regression further showed that smartphone dependence was the only significant predictor of inadequate sleep (B: −0.06; standard error: 0.02; P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

The results of the present study underscore the importance of promoting a healthy lifestyle including prevention of smartphone dependence in maintaining healthy sleep habits in adolescent females.
Risk Factors for Undernutrition and Diarrhea Prevalence in an Urban Slum in Indonesia: Focus on Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene
Authors: Otsuka Yumiko , Agestika Lina , Widyarani  , Sintawardani Neni , Yamauchi Taro
Published: January 2019

Unsafe drinking water and poor sanitation and hygiene lead to deterioration of the child health condition in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional and health status of children living in an urban slum and to clarify the factors contributing to undernutrition and diarrhea prevalence by focusing on water, sanitation, and hygiene from three viewpoints: household environments, child personal hygiene practices, and knowledge and awareness. The study was conducted at a preschool and two elementary schools in the densely populated area of Bandung, Indonesia. Participants were 228 pairs of children and their caretakers. The survey involved 1) anthropometric measurements (height and weight), 2) handwashing observation using a checklist, and 3) questionnaires. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, not using a towel for handwashing practices (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.37; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13–4.96) was significantly associated with an increased risk of stunting. Regarding household environments, children from households using tap water as drinking water were significantly associated with an increased risk of stunting and thinness compared with households using tank water (AOR = 2.26; 95% CI = 1.03–4.93; and AOR = 2.88; 95% CI = 1.13–7.35, respectively). Moreover, children from households using open containers for water storage were significantly associated with an increased risk of diarrhea (AOR = 5.01; 95% CI = 1.08–23.15). Therefore, drinking water management at home and proper personal hygiene practices of children are important for maintaining and promoting child health in urban Indonesian slums.
Exposure to Livestock Feces and Water Quality, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Conditions among Caregivers and Young Children: Formative Research in Rural Burkina Faso
Authors: Ngure Francis , Gelli Aulo , Becquey Elodie , Ganaba Rasmané , Headey Derek , Huybregts Lieven , Pedehombga Abdoulaye , Sanou Armande , Traore Abdoulaye , Zongo Florence , Zongrone Amanda
Published: January 2019

Livestock farming is common in low-income settings as a source of income and animal-sourced food. However, there is growing evidence of the harmful health effects of proximity of animals to infants and young children, especially through exposure to zoonotic pathogens. Poultry ownership is almost universal in rural Burkina Faso. Poultry feces are a significant risk factor for enteric diseases that are associated with child undernutrition. To investigate the extent of exposure to livestock feces among young children and caregivers, we conducted direct observations of 20 caregiver–child dyads for a total of 80 hours (4 hours per dyad) and recorded water quality, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related behaviors. We also undertook in-depth interviews with these caregivers and focus group discussions with separate groups of men and women who were poultry farmers. Poultry and other livestock feces were visible in all 20 and 19 households, respectively, in both kitchen areas and in the household courtyards where children frequently sit or crawl. Direct soil ingestion by young children was observed in almost half of the households (45%). Poor handwashing practices were also common among caregivers and children. Although latrines were available in almost all households, child feces disposal practices were inadequate. This body of research suggests an urgent need to adapt conventional WASH and livestock interventions to reduce the exposure of infants and young children to livestock feces.
Antibiotic Prescription Patterns among Children Younger than 5 Years in Nouna District, Burkina Faso
Authors: Sié Ali , Coulibaly Boubacar , Adama Sawadogo , Ouermi Lucienne , Dah Clarisse , Tapsoba Charlemagne , Bärnighausen Till , Kelly John Daniel , Doan Thuy , Lietman Thomas M. , Keenan Jeremy D. , Oldenburg Catherine E.
Published: January 2019

Understanding antibiotic use may help predict emergence of antimicrobial resistance. We evaluated antibiotic prescription trends in rural Burkina Faso, where little is known about antibiotic consumption. Antibiotic prescription data for 20 communities were extracted through record review in six primary health-care facilities serving the communities. The number of antibiotic prescriptions per child-year was calculated using population-based census data from the communities. A total of 1,444 antibiotic prescriptions were made from March to June 2017 among 3,401 children in the communities. The frequency of antibiotic prescription was 1.70 prescriptions per child-year (95% CI: 1.61–1.79). Penicillins were the most common (1.04 prescriptions per child-year, 95% CI: 1.01–1.06), followed by sulfonamides (0.69 prescriptions per child-year, 95% CI: 0.67–0.71) and macrolides (0.38 prescriptions per child-year, 95% CI: 0.37–0.40). Continued monitoring of antibiotic consumption in diverse settings will be important to understand the potential for emergence of antibiotic resistance.
Representações dos povos indígenas em Francisco de Vitória e as origens etnocêntricas do direito internacional moderno
Authors: Ribeiro da Silva Junior Airton
Published: January 2019

O presente trabalho, partindo do instrumental teórico da história dos conceitos, busca compreender as representações dos índios americanos nas relecciones de Francisco de Vitória. Para tanto, é reconstruída a carga semântica acumulada historicamente dos dois principais conceitos, já existentes à época da invasão da América, utilizados em referência aos índios, a saber, bárbaros e selvagens; em seguida, explora-se o pensamento jusinternacionalista de Francisco de Vitória à luz de tais conceitos etnocêntricos.
Long-term simulation of the boundary layer flow over the double-ridge site during the Perdigão 2017 field campaign
Authors: Wagner Johannes , Gerz Thomas , Wildmann Norman , Gramitzky Kira
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The Perdigão campaign 2017 was an international field
campaign to measure the flow and its diurnal variation in the atmospheric
boundary layer over complex terrain. A huge data set of meteorological
observations was collected over the double-hill site by means of
state-of-the-art meteorological measurement techniques. A focus of the
campaign was the interaction of the boundary layer flow with a single wind
turbine, which was located on the south-western (SW) ridge top. In this
study, a long-term nested large-eddy simulation (LES) of 49-day duration with a
maximum horizontal resolution of 200 m is used to describe both the general
meteorological situation over Spain and Portugal and the local small-scale
flow structures over the double hill during the intensive observation period
(IOP). The simulations show that frequently observed nocturnal low-level jets
(LLJs) from the NE have their origin over the slopes of the elevated plateau
between the Portuguese Serra da Estrela and the Spanish Sierra de Gata
mountain ranges N and NE of Perdigão and that the diurnal clockwise
turning of the wind direction over the double ridge is induced by slope and
valley winds under weak synoptic conditions. It is found that, in spite of the
long simulation time, modelled and observed wind structures on the ridge tops
agree well, while along-valley flow within the valley is underestimated by
the model.
Perspectives and ambitions of interdisciplinary connectivity researchers
Authors: Paton Eva Nora , Smetanová Anna , Krueger Tobias , Parsons Anthony
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The article reviews research perspectives and ambitions of connectivity
scientists in order to facilitate and improve joint connectivity research
efforts across disciplinary boundaries. The assessment of four very different
viewpoints (pragmatic, conceptual, epistemological and ontological) on
connectivity signifies the diversity of thought and practice in the
connectivity community and calls for a structured way to ensure mutual
understanding in collaborative settings. The shared mental model approach is
introduced with an exploratory case study as a way to overcome persistent
barriers in understanding by identifying gaps and overlaps of individual
researchers' perspectives and knowledge that should help improve
collaboration in this interdisciplinary environment.
Simulated retreat of Jakobshavn Isbræ during the 21st century
Authors: Guo Xiaoran , Zhao Liyun , Gladstone Rupert , Sun Sainan , Moore John C.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The early in the 21st century retreat of Jakobshavn Isbræ, one of Greenland's largest outlet glaciers, into its over-deepened bedrock trough was accompanied by acceleration to unprecedented ice-stream speeds. Such dramatic changes suggested the possibility of substantial mass loss over the rest of this century. Using a three-dimensional ice-sheet model with parameterizations to represent the effects of ice mélange buttressing, crevasse-depth-based calving and submarine melting, we can reproduce its recent evolution. The model can accurately replicate its inter-annual variations in grounding line and terminus position, including new modes of seasonal fluctuations that emerged after arriving at the over-deepened basin and the disappearance of a persistent floating ice shelf. The shear margin induced decreases in ice viscosity we simulate are particularly important in reproducing the large observed inter-annual changes in terminus velocity. We use this model to project Jakobshavn's evolution over this century when forced by the IPCC RCP4.5 climate scenario and simulated by ocean temperatures from 7 Earth System Models along with surface runoff derived from RACMO. In our simulations, Jakobshavn's grounding line continues to retreat ~ 18.5 km by the end of this century with total mass loss of ~ 2030 Gt (5.6 mm sea-level-rise equivalent). Despite the relative success of the model in simulating the recent behavior of the glacier, the model does not simulate winter calving events that have become relatively more important.
Wake behavior and control: comparison of LES simulations and wind tunnel measurements
Authors: Wang Jiangang , Wang Chengyu , Campagnolo Filippo , Bottasso Carlo L.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. This paper applies a large-eddy actuator line approach to the simulation of
wind turbine wakes. In addition to normal operating conditions, a specific
focus of the paper is on wake manipulation, which is performed here by
derating, yaw misalignment and cyclic pitching of the blades. With the
purpose of clarifying the ability of LES methods to represent conditions that
are relevant for wind farm control, numerical simulations are compared to
experimental observations obtained in a boundary layer wind tunnel with
scaled wind turbine models. Results indicate a good overall matching of
simulations with experiments. Low-turbulence test cases appear to be more
challenging than moderate- and high-turbulence ones due to the need for
denser grids to limit numerical diffusion and accurately resolve tip-shed
vortices in the near-wake region.
Brief communication: Wind inflow observation from load harmonics – wind tunnel validation of the rotationally symmetric formulation
Authors: Bertelè Marta , Bottasso Carlo L. , Cacciola Stefano
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The present paper further develops and experimentally validates the
previously published idea of estimating the wind inflow at a turbine rotor
disk from the machine response. A linear model is formulated that relates one
per revolution (1P) harmonics of the in- and out-of-plane blade root bending
moments to four wind parameters, representing vertical and horizontal shears
and misalignment angles. Improving on this concept, the present work exploits
the rotationally symmetric behavior of the rotor in the formulation of the
load-wind model. In a nutshell, this means that the effects on the loads of
the vertical shear and misalignment are the same as those of the horizontal
quantities, simply shifted by π∕2. This results in a simpler
identification of the model, which needs a reduced set of observations. The
performance of the proposed method is first tested in a simulation
environment and then validated with an experimental data set obtained with an
aeroelastically scaled turbine model in a boundary layer wind tunnel.
A Markovian measure for evaluating accessibility to urban opportunities
Authors: Sahebgharani Alireza , Haghshenas Hossein , Mohammadi Mahmoud
Published: January 2019

Accessibility is a fundamental notion in urban planning and its related fields. While accessibility is dynamic and varies during different time moments, most of the accessibility metrics are static and do not take this variation into account. In doing so, to address the questions of (1) how accessible urban opportunities are in different time moments and (2) how accessibility value of a person to a certain place changes regarding his/her spatiotemporal restrictions in time instants, this article—by using semi-Markovian and Brownian Bridge stochastic processes—offers a probabilistic time-dependent accessibility model that blends the magnitude of opportunities magnitude with the probability of individuals visiting.

To show the model’s applicability, it was applied on a hypothetical case, along with two common accessibility metrics, and the outputs were compared. Then the proposed model was implemented in a study area for measuring temporal accessibility in two real policies made for daily markets in Isfahan, Iran. The first policy that presented the model application for analytical purposes was “market exclusion and area expansion,” and the second policy that depicted the model implementation for normative usage was “new market location.”

Results of the model execution on the hypothetical cases indicated there was a significant difference between the outputs of the common metrics and the ones of the proposed model. In addition, in the study area, the first policy generated higher total accessibility value in comparison with the second policy when market 2 was excluded and the area for market 8 was doubled.
The Relative Impact of Market, Internal, and Overall Job Values on Pay Competitiveness
Authors: Liccione William J.
Published: January 2019

As a practical imperative, organizations must be able to attract, retain, and motivate qualified employees to remain going concerns. Those that adopt a market-based strategy that focuses on paying market-competitive wages may effectively attract and retain employees and, depending upon their compensation planning process, encourage employees’ belief in the distributive justiceof their organizations’ pay decisions. Alternatively, organizations that adopt an internal equity strategy that focuses on pay decisions that reflect the internal value of employees’ jobs to their organization may effectively retain employees and, depending upon the process used to determine internal job values, encourage employees’ belief in the equity or procedural justice of that process. Compared to these strategies, organizations that rely on measures of overall job value are focusing on neither the market values, nor their internal values of jobs, alone. Instead, they are focusing on the jobs’ overall values, or their amended market values given the influence of the jobs’ internal values to the organization. As such, overall job value impacts, at once, the organizations’ need to attract, retain and motivate employees.This article evaluates the relative impact of market, internal, and overall job value on the competitiveness of 88 employees’ pay in 41 jobs in a nonprofit organization in the US health care sector. The organization’s pay decisions were made prior to this study and without benefit of a formal salary management plan. Hence, this study represents a retrospective analysis of the relative impact of jobs’ market, internal, and overall value on pay competitiveness.
The Influence of Competence and Organizational Commitment on Work Satisfaction and Their Impact on Performance Employee (Study in PT. KAI Divre III, South Sumatera)
Authors: - Choiriyah , - Wibowo , Riyadi Hanes , Umar Husein
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe aim of this research is to analyze the effect of Competence and Organizational Commitment on Work Satisfaction and their impact on Employee Performance: A Case Study conducted in PT. KAI DIVRE III Palembang. The research design used in the research is explanatory design which explains the causal relationship among variables. The research location is in Palembang City, South Sumatra Province while the research objects is PT. KAI DIVRE III Palembang with 200 persons as employees. This dissertation used primary datafrom questionnaire filled out by the respondents.The sample selection used simple random sampling. The method of research used descriptive statistics using SPSS and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using Lisrel. The descriptive analysis shows that the level of Competence, Organizational Commitment, Work Satisfactionand Employee Performance is at a positive level. The results stated that the Competence has no significant impact on Work Satisfaction, Competence has significant impact on Employee Performance, Organizational Commitment has significant impact on Work Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment has significant impact on Employee Performance, and Work Satisfaction has significant impact on Employee Performance.