bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Good practices: experiences and challenges- Unsam, Argentina
Authors: Barbero José , Chomik Tamara Werhun , Ericson Lovisa , Alvarez Daniel
Published: December 2022

The impact of university activities on the environment shouldbe studied and managed based on the constant evaluation of realconsumption needs, on the use of reusable or recyclable resources and onthe encouragement of an active and participatory role in terms of care andimprovement of the environment (physical and social) throughresponsible use.This is a challenge that requires the commitment of the entire universityand involves a continuous process of awareness-raising among students,teachers, researchers and staff.In 2016, UNSAM the National University of San Martin (UniversidadNacional de San Martín) conducted a study on mobility in its main campus"Miguelete", which covers an area of 20 hectares. Subsequently this andother works and analysis were systematized in the "Best EnvironmentalPractices Guide" made in 2019 and approved by the Superior Council ofthe UNSAM. This Guide aims to provide tools to make changes in habitsand new practices to minimize the impacts that the university itselfgenerates on the environment.The objective of the proposed presentation is to share with otheruniversities the common challenges and some actions to configure acomprehensive policy that combines and promotes economic, social andenvironmental sustainability within the framework of the 2030 Agenda.Keyword: Good environmental Practices/ Sustainable University Campus/Sustainable University Mobility/SDGs/Participative approach
Worträtsel, Etymologie und Ideologie in der Ektheosis Arsinoes des Kallimachos
Authors: Adorjáni Zsolt
Published: December 2022

In this paper I try to demonstrate that Callimachusʼ commemorative poem in honour of the deceased queen Arsinoe II capitalizes heavily on the notorious Hellenistic penchant for verbal puns. In addition, it will be argued that etymologic and anagrammatic devices are not only contrived for their own sake, but are part and parcel of the poemʼs meaning contributing to its poetic and ideological agenda.
Per una rilettura di BGU I 249
Authors: Bonagura Gianluca
Published: December 2022

The article presents a couple of textual observations to BGU I 249, a letter from the gymnasiarch Chairemon to his estate manager in Bakchias Apollonios. It also explores the letter’s relationship to BGU I 248, another piece of the correspondence between Chairemon and Apollonios which can be compared for similar content and notable expressions of affection.
Facial Scars in the Greek Papyri
Authors: Papakostas Minas , Litinas Nikos , Konsolaki Eleni , Trompoukis Constantinos
Published: December 2022

The indication of the location of a scar or scars on various parts of a body was used for the identification of persons in a large number of Greek non-literary documents. Facial scars were mentioned most frequently, obviously because they were the most distinguishing feature of the parts of the body that were not usually covered, and one could observe and record them immediately. However, the exact shape and form of these scars was not described, and only the general term “scar” was used. Various diseases and accidental wounds can be understood as having left permanent scars on the body, but mainly, and more specifically, on the head.
Bemerkungen zu Verwaltungsdokumenten aus dem früharabischen Ägypten
Authors: Berkes Lajos
Published: December 2022

This article proposes new readings and interpretative suggestions to Greek and Coptic administrative documents from early Islamic Egypt (7th-8th century).
More New Accounts and Lists from Bawit in the Palau-Ribes Collection
Authors: Albarrán Martínez María Jesús , Jiménez Torres Leia
Published: December 2022

Εdition of three Coptic accounts (P. PalauRib. inv. 87r, 87v and 448) and three Coptic lists (P. PalauRib. inv. 408 [Coptic-Greek], 393v and 437v) from the Palau-Ribes collection (Barcelona) which can be linked to the Apa Apollo Monastery in Bawit. Despite being in a highly fragmentary state of conservation, we will analyse those aspects and characteristics which suggest that these documents belonged to the internal administration of the monastery.
Gone with the Flood: Natural Disasters and Children’s Schooling in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Qaisar , Hussain Karrar
Published: December 2022

This study investigates the impact of mass floods on children’s schooling in Pakistan. More precisely, it explores the effect of the 2010 floods that destroyed nearly 11,000 schools and left approximately half a million children out of school. Analyzing household data, we show that the flood resulted in children dropping out of school and plummeting education levels and literacy and school completion rates. Furthermore, the mechanisms behind these poor schooling outcomes are that employment and income levels fall drastically, and households adopt a self-insuring strategy—withdraw children from school and put them into child labor.
Lower bounds for the scalar curvatures of Ricci flow singularity models
Authors: Chan Pak-Yeung , Chow Bennett , Ma Zilu , Zhang Yongjia
Published: December 2022

In a series of papers, Bamler [5, 4, 6]
further developed the high-dimensional theory of Hamilton’s Ricci flow to include new monotonicity formulas, a completely general compactness theorem, and a long-sought partial regularity theory analogous to Cheeger–Colding theory.
In this paper we give an application of his theory to lower bounds for the scalar curvatures of singularity models for Ricci flow.
In the case of 4-dimensional non-Ricci-flat steady soliton singularity models, we obtain as a consequence a quadratic decay lower bound for the scalar curvature.
Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic properties of Er-doped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by combustion method
Authors: Laokae Duangnet , Phuruangrat Anukorn , Wannapop Surangkana , Dumrongrojthanath Phattranit , Thongtem Titipun , Thongtem Somchai
Published: December 2022

Erbium-doped zinc oxide (Er-doped ZnO) as a visible-light-driven photocatalyst was prepared by combustion method and followed by calcination at 600 °C for 2 h. The samples were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction patterns of ZnO samples with and without Er dopant confirm the formation of pure hexagonal wurtzite ZnO phase. The X-ray diffraction peaks of ZnO were shifted to the lower 2θ angle when Er was doped to ZnO matrix. Their transmission electron microscopy images show that the addition of Er can play a role in significantly changing their particle size. Average particle sizes of the as-prepared samples were 69.15 ± 14.47 nm, 68.33 ± 17.06 nm, 16.38 ± 4.02 nm and 27.00 ± 5.27 nm for 0 %, 1 %, 3 % and 5 % Er-doped ZnO samples, respectively. Raman spectra of the Er-doped ZnO samples were able to be used to identify the presence of defect and structural disorder in the ZnO lattice. The ZnO samples with and without Er dopant were tested for the degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation. Upon increasing the doped Er content, the degradation of methylene blue solution under visible light irradiation was enhanced. In this research, the 3 % Er-doped ZnO nanoparticles have the highest efficiency of 98.26 % under visible light irradiation within 100 min.
MGST1 alleviates the oxidative stress of trophoblast cells induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation and promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Dai Hu , Lu Xianmei
Published: December 2022

Preeclampsia (PE) is a common pregnancy-specific syndrome with an incidence of 4.6% in all pregnant women. Numerous studies have uncovered the functions and mechanisms of microsomal glutathione transferase 1 (MGST1) in different diseases and cellular processes, but whether MGST1 plays a role in PE remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of MGST1 in PE progression. In this study, the HTR8/SVneo cells were incubated with CoCl2 (250 µM) to mimic hypoxia in trophoblasts. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that MGST1 was dramatically reduced in the placenta of PE patients. The proliferation of HTR8/SVneo cells was assessed via the Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays, and the results showed that MGST1 upregulation increased the cell viability of HTR8/SVneo cells. In addition, wound healing and Transwell assays unveiled that the elevation of MGST1 enhanced trophoblast cell migration and invasion. Moreover, the upregulation of MGST1 alleviated the hypoxia-induced oxidative stress in trophoblast cell. Mechanically, we found that MGST1 regulated PE progression by activating the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway. In conclusion, MGST1 alleviated the oxidative stress of trophoblast cells induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation and promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in PE. These results suggested that MGST1 can be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of PE.
Relating Pupil Diameter and Blinking to Cortical Activity and Hemodynamics across Arousal States
Authors: Turner Kevin L. , Gheres Kyle W. , Drew Patrick J.
Published: December 2022

Arousal state affects neural activity and vascular dynamics in the cortex, with sleep associated with large changes in the local field potential and increases in cortical blood flow. We investigated the relationship between pupil diameter and blink rate with neural activity and blood volume in the somatosensory cortex in male and female unanesthetized, head-fixed mice. We monitored these variables while the mice were awake, during periods of rapid eye movement (REM), and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Pupil diameter was smaller during sleep than in the awake state. Changes in pupil diameter were coherent with both gamma-band power and blood volume in the somatosensory cortex, but the strength and sign of this relationship varied with arousal state. We observed a strong negative correlation between pupil diameter and both gamma-band power and blood volume during periods of awake rest and NREM sleep, although the correlations between pupil diameter and these signals became positive during periods of alertness, active whisking, and REM. Blinking was associated with increases in arousal and decreases in blood volume when the mouse was asleep. Bilateral coherence in gamma-band power and in blood volume dropped following awake blinking, indicating a reset of neural and vascular activity. Using only eye metrics (pupil diameter and eye motion), we could determine the arousal state of the mouse ('Awake,' 'NREM,' 'REM') with >90% accuracy with a 5 s resolution. There is a strong relationship between pupil diameter and hemodynamics signals in mice, reflecting the pronounced effects of arousal on cerebrovascular dynamics.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDetermining arousal state is a critical component of any neuroscience experiment. Pupil diameter and blinking are influenced by arousal state, as are hemodynamics signals in the cortex. We investigated the relationship between cortical hemodynamics and pupil diameter and found that pupil diameter was strongly related to the blood volume in the cortex. Mice were more likely to be awake after blinking than before, and blinking resets neural activity. Pupil diameter and eye motion can be used as a reliable, noninvasive indicator of arousal state. As mice transition from wake to sleep and back again over a timescale of seconds, monitoring pupil diameter and eye motion permits the noninvasive detection of sleep events during behavioral or resting-state experiments.
Cannabinoid CB1 Receptors Are Expressed in a Subset of Dopamine Neurons and Underlie Cannabinoid-Induced Aversion, Hypoactivity, and Anxiolytic Effects in Mice
Authors: Han Xiao , Liang Ying , Hempel Briana , Jordan Chloe J. , Shen Hui , Bi Guo-Hua , Li Jin , Xi Zheng-Xiong
Published: December 2022

Cannabinoids modulate dopamine (DA) transmission and DA-related behavior, which has been thought to be mediated initially by activation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1Rs) on GABA neurons. However, there is no behavioral evidence supporting it. In contrast, here we report that CB1Rs are also expressed in a subset of DA neurons and functionally underlie cannabinoid action in male and female mice. RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH) assays demonstrated CB1 mRNA in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1)-positive GABA neurons. The CB1R-expressing DA neurons were located mainly in the middle portion of the VTA with the number of CB1-TH colocalization progressively decreasing from the medial to the lateral VTA. Triple-staining assays indicated CB1R mRNA colocalization with both TH and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VgluT2, a glutamate neuronal marker) in the medial VTA close to the midline of the brain. Optogenetic activation of this population of DA neurons was rewarding as assessed by optical intracranial self-stimulation. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) or ACEA (a selective CB1R agonist) dose-dependently inhibited optical intracranial self-stimulation in DAT-Cre control mice, but not in conditional knockout mice with the CB1R gene absent in DA neurons. In addition, deletion of CB1Rs from DA neurons attenuated Δ9-THC-induced reduction in DA release in the NAc, locomotion, and anxiety. Together, these findings indicate that CB1Rs are expressed in a subset of DA neurons that corelease DA and glutamate, and functionally underlie cannabinoid modulation of DA release and DA-related behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCannabinoids produce a series of psychoactive effects, such as aversion, anxiety, and locomotor inhibition in rodents. However, the cellular and receptor mechanisms underlying these actions are not fully understood. Here we report that CB1 receptors are expressed not only in GABA neurons but also in a subset of dopamine neurons, which are located mainly in the medial VTA close to the midline of the midbrain and corelease dopamine and glutamate. Optogenetic activation of these dopamine neurons is rewarding, which is dose-dependently inhibited by cannabinoids. Selective deletion of CB1 receptor from dopamine neurons blocked cannabinoid-induced aversion, hypoactivity, and anxiolytic effects. These findings demonstrate that dopaminergic CB1 receptors play an important role in mediating cannabinoid action.
Early TNF-Dependent Regulation of Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses on Striatal Direct Pathway Medium Spiny Neurons in the YAC128 Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease
Authors: Chambon Julien , Komal Pragya , Lewitus Gil M. , Kemp Gina M. , Valade Simone , Adaïdi Houaria , Al Bistami Noura , Stellwagen David
Published: December 2022

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the huntingtin gene. Neurodegeneration first occurs in the striatum, accompanied by an elevation in inflammatory cytokines. Using the presymptomatic male YAC128 HD model mouse, we examined the synaptic input onto the striatal medium spiny neurons to look for early changes that precede degeneration. We observed an increase in excitatory synaptic strength, as measured by AMPA/NMDA ratios, specifically on direct pathway D1 receptor expressing medium spiny neurons, with no changes on indirect pathway neurons. The changes in excitation were accompanied by a decrease in inhibitory synaptic strength, as measured by the amplitude of miniature inhibitory synaptic currents. The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) was elevated in the striatum of YAC128 at the ages examined. Critically, the changes in excitatory and inhibitory inputs are both dependent on TNF signaling, as blocking TNF signaling genetically or pharmacological normalized synaptic strength. The observed changes in synaptic function are similar to the changes seen in D1 medium spiny neurons treated with high levels of TNF, suggesting that saturating levels of TNF exist in the striatum even at early stages of HD. The increase in glutamatergic synaptic strength and decrease in inhibitory synaptic strength would increase direct pathway neuronal excitability, which may potentiate excitotoxicity during the progress of HD.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe striatum is the first structure to degenerate in Huntington's disease, but the early changes that presage the degeneration are not well defined. Here we identify early synaptic changes in the YAC128 mouse model of Huntington's disease specifically on a subpopulation of striatal neurons. These neurons have stronger excitatory synapses and weaker inhibitory inputs, and thus would increase the susceptibility to excitotoxicity. These changes are dependent on signaling by the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα. TNF is elevated even at early presymptomatic stages, and blocking TNF signaling even acutely will reverse the synaptic changes. This suggests early intervention could be important therapeutically.
The NFT Boom and Bust
Authors: Krasikov Hannah N.
Published: December 2022

Since the popularization of digital music downloading and streaming services beginning in 1999 with Napster, artists have struggled to recover financially from the decline of physical album sales. Streaming services like Spotify have been scrutinized for low royalty payments to artists—an issue that was exacerbated over the course of the coronavirus pandemic. Following the successful debut of non-fungible token (NFT) collections by musicians including Grimes, Kings of Leon, and deadmau5 early in 2021, some of the biggest mainstream reporters in music began calling NFTs the future of the music industry. The decentralized funding structure NFTs offered appeared to provide a solution for compensating artists fairly; however, in practice, NFTs have primarily only benefitted musicians of celebrity status. This article provides a brief introduction to non-fungible tokens and examines why they have appealed to musicians. Additionally, it establishes the difference between visual art NFTs and music NFTs by situating the latter within both historical and neoliberal capitalist understandings of musical value. Drawing from evidence demonstrating how NFTs have been used in practice, this essay suggests that by assetizing music, NFTs re-legitimize the undervaluing of musicians by establishing them as productive laborers in technoscientific capitalist societies.
From Freedom Dreams to Boomer Nostalgia
Authors: Palmer Landon
Published: December 2022

During the 1980s, media images of white boomer nostalgia were often accompanied by 1960s Motown songs due to the popularity of the hit film The Big Chill as well as advertising and licensing strategies inspired by it. In previous decades, however, Motown was used to dramatize onscreen representations of Black male film characters’ emotional experiences of aspiration and resilience. This article explores how 1960s Motown songs came to be employed in two motion pictures—Nothing But a Man and Cooley High—to represent particular notions of everyday Black life, and then provides an industrial backdrop for why such cinematic uses of Motown came to effectively be replaced by invocations of white nostalgia.

By analyzing the uses of Motown music within film narratives and the industrial conditions through which such licensing took place, this study goes beyond the formal analysis of film music in order to demonstrate how the act of licensing popular songs for film participates in the making of songs’ social, cultural, and political meanings. In so doing, this article shows how the material conditions of licensing music for film shape what and whose experiences of popular music are able to be represented onscreen.
Isolation and characterization of macerated cellulose from pineapple leaf
Authors: Abu Kassim Naziratulasikin , Mohamed Ainun Zuriyati , Zainudin Edi Syams , Zakaria Sarani , Azman Siti Khaulah Zakiah , Abdullah Hazwani Husna
Published: December 2022

Diverse renewable resources, especially those obtained from residual agricultural wastes, are being exploited to reduce the impact of environmental damage. This study presents a method to produce purified cellulose extracted from locally planted pineapple leaves (Ananas comosus). The cellulose was extracted by maceration pretreatment. The heating times were varied. This method is a simpler and more effective approach to delignify the pineapple leaf fibers compared with conventional chemical pulping and bleaching processes. The chemical composition of the cellulose was investigated according to TAPPI standards and by structural analyses, namely Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that the hemicellulose and lignin were partially removed from the cellulose. Chemical analysis confirmed that the cellulose content increased from 25.8% (pineapple leaf fibers) to 70.9% (macerated cellulose). The optimum heating time was 3 h. However, XRD showed that the extracted cellulose had a higher crystallinity index than the initial pineapple leaf fibers. These results indicated that pretreatment via maceration has good potential applications in the production of macerated cellulose.
Mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of PHBH/cellulose biocomposite films prepared by the solution casting method
Authors: Li Junran , Yin Fen , Li Dongna , Ma Xiaojun , Zhou Jiao
Published: December 2022

A biocomposite film from bacterial polyester, poly(3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH), and natural cellulose was developed by the solution casting method. The structure, the mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties (oxygen and water vapor), and the biodegradation of the PHBH/cellulose biocomposite films were studied. With an increase in cellulose content, the tensile strength of biocomposite films increased from 28.5 MPa to 45.9 MPa, an improvement of 351% compared with neat PHBH. The PHBH/cellulose biocomposite films exhibited improved thermal stability, with the maximum thermal decomposition temperature increased from 264 °C to 330 °C. More importantly, PHBH/cellulose biocomposite films possessed better barrier properties against oxygen, up to approximately 10 times more than neat PHBH. With cellulose content increased from 50 wt% to 90 wt%, the mass loss of composite films increased gradually and then decreased. This high performance biocomposite has potential to expand the use of cellulose from renewable bioresources and the practical application of PHBH-based biodegradable plastics instead of traditional petrochemical materials in the packaging field.
Indentation hardness test methods for bamboo
Authors: Yang Xiaomeng , Chai Yuan , Sun Zhengjun , Liu Huanrong , Jiang Zehui
Published: December 2022

Bamboo hardness test standards are not available. This study developed a new test method for bamboo indentation hardness with the U-shaped cylindrical and V-shaped compression heads in bamboo rings with different lengths. The mechanical behaviors of bamboo rings under two kinds of compression heads were analyzed. The results showed that U-shaped indentation hardness and V-shaped indentation hardness were closely correlated with compression strength and that the difference between U-shaped indentation hardness and V-shaped indentation hardness was significant. However, the bamboo rings with different lengths showed no significant difference in indentation hardness.
Prospects for the preparation of paper money from cotton fibers and bleached softwood kraft pulp fibers with nanofibrillated cellulose
Authors: Fathi Ghaffar , Kasmani Jafar Ebrahimpour
Published: December 2022

Paper money passes through various environments during its life span, causing its physical, chemical, and optical properties to change. More than 90% of paper money worldwide is composed of natural cotton fiber. The present study examined the properties of paper money made of bleached softwood kraft fibers or its blends with cotton fibers, where nanofibrilled cellulose was employed as a strengthening agent. Nano-cellulose was added at 4 levels: 0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9%. Handsheets with a basis weight of 90 g·m-1 were made by mixing the pulp furnish with nano-cellulose in the identified percentages, and the physical and mechanical properties of the handsheets were tested. By increasing the amount of nano-cellulose up to 0.9% in cotton pulp, the tensile strength, bursting resistance, tear resistance, and resistance to folding endurance were increased by 33, 33.5, 6.6, and 63.2%, respectively, compared with the control sample. The addition of nano-cellulose up to 0.9% in cotton pulp increased the surface smoothness by up to 13.5% compared with the control sample, and porosity and water absorbance decreased by 16.6 and 4%, respectively, in comparison with the control sample. By increasing nano-cellulose up to 0.9% in cotton pulp, the opacity, brightness, and whiteness were decreased by 0.1, 1, and 4%, respectively. The SEM results indicated that the increased nano-cellulose percentage led to decreased porosity.
Cross-linking of polyvinyl alcohol/starch blends by epoxy silane for improvement in thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: Gadhave Ravindra V. , Mahanwar Prakash A. , Gadekar Pradeep T.
Published: December 2022

Effects of cross-linking were examined for polyvinyl alcohol, starch, and their blends. The blends were prepared using various compositions of pure starch, pure polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), and a combination of both starch and polyvinyl alcohol. The cross-linker used for this study was epoxy silane. The blends were tested against the canarium wood substrate for tensile strength. Further properties, such as viscosity and wet tack, were also evaluated. Analytical tests such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) demonstrated the phenomenon of cross-linking, having shown an increase in glass transition temperature (Tg) and area under the curve of tan delta. The efficient and novel cross-linking of hydroxyl groups present in the starch and PVOH contributed to better adhesion on the wood substrate and also better cohesion between the chains.
Impact of reinforcing additives on the structure and performance of composite films based on regenerated cellulose from corn stalk pith
Authors: Zhang Heng , Han Quanqing , Gao Xin , Tang Xiaoning , Chen Keli , Li Meng
Published: December 2022

Cellulose was extracted from corn stalk pith (CSP) and used for fabricating hybrid composite films with acceptable physical properties. As reinforced additives, low contents of graphene oxide (GO) and black phosphorene (BP), both ranging from 0.05 to 0.15 wt%, were separately incorporated into the cellulose matrix in a ZnCl2 aqueous system. A series of the composites were prepared via a regeneration process. The as-prepared composites showed various properties depending largely on the additive content, manner of processing, and the type of additive used. GO and BP nanosheets were homogeneously dispersed in the regenerated cellulose (RC), smoothly forming the dense films. Crystalline structures of RC-based films were revealed to be cellulose-II, and in addition to GO-crosslinked RC samples (RC-GO), an increase in the additive dosage led to a decrement in the crystallinity index of blended films (RC/GO and RC/BP). At 0.15 wt% additive amount, the RC-GO possessed superior thermal stability, tensile strength, and Young’s modulus, increasing 7.8%, 190.2%, and 79.0%, respectively, while the RC/BP exhibited a 3.5 times improvement in the elongation at break.
Simulation of cattle stomach processes applied to the fermentation of mixed manure and straw
Authors: Liu Enhai , Guo Zhanghui , Shi Yali , Qi Biao , Wang Yu , Jiang Yine
Published: December 2022

The cattle stomach was considered as the basis for simulating a proposed operation. Microenvironmental degradation mechanisms are understood to be key to the efficient utilization of straw and other resources. Through dynamic tracking of the change law of heat generated by microbial degradation of straw in the cattle stomach, this study used an orthogonal test to explore the optimal ratio of feeding feed, the degradation mechanism in the microenvironment, and the characteristics of cattle manure and straw anaerobic fermentation. The results showed that the number of days of fermentation and the ratio of straw and cattle manure had a significant impact on methane gas production, and the mixture ratio was 1:3, at 26 °C; within 20 days, the cumulative gas production was up to 78.9 L. The results also showed that rumen microorganisms, cattle manure, and mixed straw fermentation can be used at different ratios to obtain the change of methane production, and determine the best ratio to achieve the maximum gas production.
Investigating block programming tools in high school to support Education 4.0: A Systematic Mapping Study
Authors: Perin Ana Paula Juliana , dos S. Silva Deivid Eive , Valentim Natasha M. C.
Published: December 2022

In Education 4.0, a personalized learning process is expected, and that students are the protagonist. In this new education format, it is necessary to prepare students with the skills and competencies of the 21st-Century, such as teamwork, creativity, and autonomy. One of the ways to develop skills and competencies in students can be through block programming, which can be used with emerging technologies such as robotics and IoT and in an interdisciplinary way. Thus, block programming in High School is important because it is possible to work on aspects such as problem-solving, algorithmic thinking, among other skills (Perin et al., 2021), which are necessary in the contemporary world. Thus, our Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) aims to identify which block programming tools support of Education 4.0 in High School. Overall, 46 papers were selected, and data were extracted. Based on the results, a total of 24 identified block programming tools that can be used in high school collaboratively and playfully and with an interdisciplinary methodology. Moreover, it was possible to see that most studies address block programming with high school students, demonstrating a lack of studies that address block programming with teachers. This SMS contributed to identifying block programming tools, emerging technologies, audience (teacher or student), and learning spaces where block programming is being worked on.
Professor A. A. Sokolsky – A Russian Emigrant from Lithuania Who Rewrote the History of Saint-Petersburg in Florida
Authors: Марцинкявичюс Андрюс
Published: December 2022

The article explores biography and various aspects of public activity of the Russian refugee from Lithuania, lawyer, professor of Russian language and literature at the University of South Florida Anatole Sokolsky (1993–2006). Memoirs and articles published by him in the USA were used as the basic empirical material and the documents from the Lithuanian Central State Archive and private collection of the Sokolsky family served as auxiliary sources for the research. There is a lack of studies that analyze the history of representatives of Russian intelligentsia who were forced to escape Lithuania in the period of World War II (from 1939 to 1945) because of the danger of the Soviet regime. Publications by Sokolsky do not represent an example of professional literature, but it allows us to find out more not only about personal destiny and worldview of the author, the results of his social activities in favor of the Russian diaspora, but also about the life of Russian intelligentsia in the periods of interwar, World War II and emigration to the West.
Politics and Theology in the Homeric Hymn to Hermes
Authors: Vachninas Benediktas
Published: December 2022

The Homeric Hymn to Hermes depicts integration of newborn Hermes to Olympus and is devoted to his worship. However the glorifying character of the hymn conflicts with shameful acts of Hermes – the theft of Apollo’s cattles and the deception of Apollo and Zeus. That implies complexity of hymn’s glorified object. The article suggests to analyse the figure of Hermes in Hymn to Hermes by asking how it unrolls and what relation establishes with Apollo. This angle will not only locate connection between Hymn to Hermes and Hesiod’s Theogony, but also it will let unfold interaction amid Apollo and Hermes as relation of politics and theology in the order of Zeus.
Factors Correlated With Successful Pediatric Post-Discharge Phone Call Attempt and Connection
Authors: Buczkowski Amy , Craig Wendy , Holmes Rebekah , Allen Dannielle , Longnecker Lee , Kondrad Monica , Carr Ann , Turchi Renee , Gage Sandra , Osorio Snezana Nena , Cooperberg David , Mallory Leah
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVES:

Postdischarge phone calls can identify discharge errors and gather information following hospital-to-home transitions. This study used the multisite Project IMPACT (Improving Pediatric Patient Centered Care Transitions) dataset to identify factors associated with postdischarge phone call attempt and connectivity.

METHODS:

This study included 0- to 18-year-old patients discharged from 4 sites between January 2014 and December 2017. We compared demographic and clinical factors between postdischarge call attempt and no-attempt and connectivity and no-connectivity subgroups and used mixed model logistic regression to identify significant independent predictors of call attempt and connectivity.

RESULTS:

Postdischarge calls were attempted for 5528 of 7725 (71.6%) discharges with successful connection for 3801 of 5528 (68.8%) calls. Connection rates varied significantly among sites (52% to 79%, P < .001). Age less than 30 days (P = .03; P = .01) and age 1 to 6 years (P = .04; P = .04) were independent positive predictors for both call attempt and connectivity, whereas English as preferred language (P < .001) and the chronic noncomplex clinical risk group (P = .02) were independent positive predictors for call attempt and connectivity, respectively. In contrast, readmission within 3 days (P = .004) and federal or state payor (P = .02) were negative independent predictors for call attempt and call connectivity, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study suggests that targeted interventions may improve postdischarge call attempt rates, such as investment in a reliable call model or improvement in interpreter use, and connectivity, such as enhanced population-based communication.
Estratégias metacognitivas de um grupo de estudantes brasileiros em atividades de modelagem matemática
Authors: Velozo de Castro Élida Maiara , Almeida Lourdes Maria Werle
Published: December 2022

O artigo tem como objetivo investigar potencialidades da modelagem matemática para promover estratégias metacognitivas. A investigação, de cunho qualitativo, se fundamenta em um quadro teórico e considera dados obtidos com estudantes de um curso de Licenciatura em Matemática, em uma universidade brasileira, durante os anos de 2020 e 2021. Os resultados indicam que essas estratégias se desencadeiam mediante as demandas das diferentes fases de uma atividade de modelagem caracterizadas como: inteiração, matematização, resolução, interpretação e validação; elaboração de um relatório e comunicação de resultados. Ainda, embora a metacognição seja um atributo pessoal, ela se manifestou tanto por meio de estratégias individuais quanto colaborativas. As atividades foram realizadas em dois momentos distintos de familiarização de um grupo de estudiantes com a modelagem e, embora não tenham havido diferenças na quantidade, há indicações de que na atividade do terceiro momento emergiram estratégias que podem ter contribuído mais para a performance do grupo relativamente à competência de fazer modelagem bem como para a sua performance matemática. A identificação de estratégias metacognitivas promovidas pelas demandas das atividades leva à conclusão de que nas circunstâncias em que foram desenvolvidas, constituem um exemplo de ambiente metacognitivamente rico.
Análisis de contenido cuantitativo sobre gestión del conocimiento en instituciones de educación superior latinoamericanas
Authors: Huanca Guanca Juan Carlos , Portal Gallardo Jaime Anisio
Published: December 2022

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el estado del arte de la gestión de conocimiento en un grupo de universidades latinoamericanas a partir de un análisis de las publicaciones académicas según los criterios de: evolución según las generaciones de gestión del conocimiento, uso de modelos de gestión de conocimiento y gestión de conocimiento en las funciones sustantivas de docencia, investigación y extensión universitaria. La población estuvo conformada por 49 publicaciones académicas indexadas en Google Académico, publicadas del 2004 al 2021 en 14 países de Latinoamérica y se utilizó el enfoque cuantitativo para su análisis. En el estudio se evidencia que la mayor parte de las publicaciones corresponde a la segunda y tercera generación de conocimiento, al identificar el modelo SECI (Socialización, Externalización, Combinación e Internalización) como el modelo más referenciado. El desarrollo de modelos propios de gestión de conocimiento llega al 41% de los trabajos, principalmente en Bolivia, Colombia, México, Perú y Venezuela. Los resultados permiten identificar el grado de evolución del uso de la gestión de conocimiento a partir de las generaciones de conocimiento, los modelos de gestión de conocimiento más utilizados y su aplicación en torno a las funciones sustantivas de la universidad.
Monitoring of infliximab treatment in inflammatory bowel diseases – basic knowledge and current data based on clinical trials in a population of Polish patients
Authors:   Department of Gastroenterology, IBD Unit of Clinical Hospital 2, Rzeszow, Poland, Pękala Anna
Published: December 2022

Introduction and aim. Infliximab is the oldest biological drug belonging to the group of tumor necrosis factor antagonists. Despite the availability of many new biological therapies, this drug still plays an important role in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. However, a significant problem related to pharmacotherapy is the high inter-individual variability of the response. Material and methods. This study presents results of the research on the treatment with infliximab in the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients including our own experience in Polish IBD patients. Analysis of the literature. Therapeutic failure while using infliximab can be attributed partly to inadequate serum concentrations of the drug and the development of anti-drug antibodies. Many studies have attempted to find a relationship between the specific level of infliximab and the achieved healing effect. These analyses show that the optimal level of the drug differs depending on the type of disease, its phenotype, and therapeutic goal and that the optimization of infliximab therapy remains an open topic. Two studies involving the population of Polish IBD patients examined the level of infliximab during and after induction, as well as the frequency of anti-drug antibodies. Two studies involving a population of Polish IBD patients examined the level of infliximab during and after induction, as well as the frequency of anti-drug antibodies. These studies demonstrated the need for monitoring infliximab treatment at weeks 6 and 14. Conclusion. Reactive monitoring is believed to enable the most rational treatment decisions; however, experts also recommend that proactive monitoring should measure infliximab concentrations at the end of induction and at least once during maintenance treatment.
The role of the hematological inflammatory index and systemic immuno-inflammation index in acute cholecystitis
Authors:   Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Health Sciences Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, Özdemir Serdar , Altunok İbrahim ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Health Sciences Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, Özkan Abuzer ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Health Sciences Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, İslam Mehmet Muzaffer ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Health Sciences Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, Algın Abdullah ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Health Sciences Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, Eroğlu Serkan Emre ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Health Sciences Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, Aksel Gökhan ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Health Sciences Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
Published: December 2022

Introduction and aim. Acute cholecystitis is one of the most common hepatobiliary emergencies. We aimed to investigate the role of the initial hematological inflammatory index and systemic immuno-inflammation index in predicting short-term mortality in patients with acute cholecystitis. Material and methods. This study with a retrospective observational design was conducted at the emergency department of a tertiary teaching hospital. Patients admitted to our clinic between June 15, 2021, and March 15, 2022, according to the Tokyo criteria were included in the sample. The hematological inflammatory index and systemic immuno-inflammation index were calculated using the hematological test results of the patients evaluated at the emergency department. Survivor and non-survivor groups were formed according to all-cause 30-day mortality. The differences between survivor and non-survivor groups were investigated. Results. A total of 194 patients were included in the final analysis. The median age of the study population was 59 (25th–75th percentiles: 46.75–72) years. The rate of all cause-short-term mortality was 7.7. There were significant differences between the survivor and non-survivor groups in terms of the neutrophil count and the systemic immuno-inflammation index (p=0.007, 0.034, respectively; Mann-Whitney U test). No significant difference was found in the remaining laboratory parameters (lymphocyte count, platelet count, and hematological inflammatory index) (p=0.220, 0.489, 0.367 respectively; Mann-Whitney U test). Conclusion. The systemic immuno-inflammation index was determined to be significantly higher in the non-survivor group than in the survivor group among the patients with acute cholecystitis. However, there was no significant difference between these two groups in relation to the hematological inflammatory index.
Comparative analysis of patients’ satisfaction level, hospitalized before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Poland, Wójcik Rena , Adam Anna ,   Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Poland, Golonka Ewa ,   Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Poland
Published: December 2022

Introduction and aim. Measurement of the satisfaction level with health services is the most frequently used indicator, mainly because of its importance for determining the quality of the care offered. It is the key to succeed in achieving high-quality healthcare. The purpose of this study was to create a retrospective comparative analysis of the satisfaction level amongst patients hospitalized before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. The study covered a total of 966 patients in 19 hospital wards, in the fourth quarter of 2019 (before the pandemic) and in the second quarter of 2021 (during the pandemic) at the Masovian Specialist Hospital in Radom. The level of patient satisfaction was assessed based on the questionnaire prepared and approved by the Quality Assurance Team in the Masovian Specialist Hospital. The statistical analysis was carried out on the basis of the STATISTICA 10.1 program, using the Pearson’s chi square test, for the significance level at p<0.05. Results. The high level of satisfaction of patients staying in the hospital during the pandemic applied to the widely understood medical and nursing care as well as sanitary conditions in wards, especially the cleanness of rooms, bed linens and sanitary facilities. Conclusion. The biggest dissatisfaction of hospitalized patients during the COVID-19 pandemic involved certain restrictions of visitations and using pastoral services.
"Valeriana officinalis" – a review
Authors:   English Division Science Club, Medical College of The University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland, Mytych Wiktoria , Aebisher David ,   Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of The University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
Published: December 2022

Introduction and aim. "Valeriana officinalis" has been recognized in traditional medicine and used since ancient times for a variety of health ailments. It is mainly appreciated for its sedative and sleeping properties. Currently, scientists are conducting numerous studies on the exact chemical composition of valerian and the properties they carry in the human body. Material and methods. This paper presents a narrative review on valerian. Analysis of the literature. The desire to summarize information on the uses and properties of V. officinalis is presented. V. officinalis exhibits sedative, sleep-inducing and antidepressant properties. Studies show broad effects on the human nervous system, for example, reducing stress. Conclusion. By discovering new properties of valerian, its properties are expanding significantly day by day. Its main use is primarily in the treatment of sleep disorders and nervous system disorders. However, it is also used in headaches, depression, anti-cancer therapy, urinary and digestive disorders. More and more people are turning to valerian as an alternative to drugs that have more side effects.
Mentat® ameliorates hypoxia-induced attention deficyt hyperactivity disorder like behavior in rats
Authors:   JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysore, Karnataka, India, Sindhura Sai , Viswanatha Gollapalle Lakshminarayanashastry ,   Toxicology Division, Clinchoice Private Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Jain Chirag ,   JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysore, Karnataka, India, Mallappa Onkaramurthy ,   Research and Development, Himalaya Wellness Company, Makali, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, Azeemuddin Mohammed Mukhram ,   Research and Development, Himalaya Wellness Company, Makali, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, Rafiq Mohamed ,   Research and Development, Himalaya Wellness Company, Makali, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, Manjula S.N. ,   JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysore, Karnataka, India
Published: December 2022

Introduction and aim. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of MentatR an herbal formulation in experimental models of hypoxia-induced attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) like behavior in rats. Material and methods. MentatR was evaluated at the dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. per oral., in two experimental models of hypoxia in Wistar rats. In the first model, after parturition, on a postnatal day 2 (PND-2), the pups were subjected to hypoxic exposure for 10 minutes to induce neonatal hypoxia. Pups were weaned from dams on PND-21 and subjected to drug treatments for 10 days. In the second model, phenytoin 150 mg/kg. b.wt. p.o. was administered orally to all pregnant animals throughout gestation to induce intrauterine hypoxia. Pups were subjected to assigned treatments after weaning. Behavioral and biochemical parameters relevant to ADHD were assessed. Results. In the positive control group, hypoxic exposure resulted in significant changes in cognitive and neurologic skills compared to normal control. Open field test, elevated plus maze test, and Acetylcholine esterase levels showed a significant increase in positive control compared to normal control. In treatment groups, there was a dose-dependent decrease in all the above parameters compared to positive control. Dopamine and Nor-epinephrine levels in brain homogenate were decreased in positive control which subsequently increased with MentatR treatment. Conclusion. MentatR showed a neuroprotective effect in different experimental models of ADHD. It may be recommended for the effective/preventive management of ADHD, especially associated with memory impairment and neurologic conditions.