bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Online Formative Assessments in Medical Education During COVID-19
Authors: Sharma Sonali , Jha Manju
Published: November 2024

Background: This study aimed to evaluate perception of medical students regarding online mode of assessments and to compare the academic outcomes of various methodologies adopted for online formative assessments.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. This study was conducted in the department of biochemistry at the constituent medical college of Health University in India and included 150 first year medical undergraduates of either gender. The institutional ethical clearance and written informed consent was taken prior to the study from all the enrolled participants. A series of online formative assessments were designed in the form of multiple choice, short answer questions, case-based learning, and viva-voce to satisfy each learning outcome. Google platform was used for conducting online formative assessment. The participants were asked to fill questionnaire based on 5-point Likert scale to obtain information on challenges and perceptions related to OFA. Academic performance was evaluated and compared for various modes of assessments. Results: The mean age of the participants was 19.34Â±0.947 years. Most of the students were from urban areas and majority (73.33%) preferred MCQs. 60.67% respondents favored conduction of e-assessments. 80.67% of students agreed that solving clinical cases in the online assessments contributed to clinical learning.Conclusions: Formative online assessment can be used as an intervention to reshape medical education sector during times when infection controls and physical isolation measures are crucial to avoid spread of disease.Keywords: Formative assessment; medical education; online assessment.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Passing Atas Dalam Permainan Bola Voli Dengan Menggunakan Variasi Pembelajaran Siswa Kelas X Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 01 Rejang Lebong
Authors: Afriadi Gusti , Rizky Oddie Barnanda , Nopiyanto Yahya Eko , Sutisyana Ari , Yarmani
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah dengan menggunakan metode Variasi Pembelajaran dalam pembelajaran PJOK dapat meningkatkan gerak dasar passing atas siswa kelas X.A. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Subjek dalam penelitin ini adalah 30 siswa dan siswi kelas X.A di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 01 Rejang Lebong. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam 2 siklus, dimana pada setiap siklus memiliki 4 tahapan yaitu : (1) perencanaan, (2) pelaksanaan, (3) pengamatan, (4) refleksi. Adapun hasil pengamatan terhadap proses belajar mengajar dengan menggunakan metode variasi pembelajaran dalam pembelajaran PJOK pada kegiatan awal yaitu pra siklus memperoleh rata-rata 42%, sedangkan siklus I memperoleh rata-rata 64%, dan siklus II memperoleh rata-rata 84%. Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwasannya dengan menggunakan metode variasi pembelajaran dalam pembelajaran PJOK dapat meningkatkan gerak dasar passing atas peserta didik.
Abstract
This research aims to find out whether using the learning variation method in PJOK learning can improve the basic passing movements of class X students. In this research the researcher used the Classroom Action Research (PTK) method. The subjects inthis research were 30 students in class X.A at MAN 01 Curup City. This research was carried out in 2 cycles, where each cycle had 4stages, namely: (1) planning, (2) implementation, (3) observation, (4) reflection. The results of observations on the teaching and learning process using the learning variation method in PJOK learning in the initial activities, namely the pre-cycle obtained an average of 42%, while the first cycle obtained an average of 64%, and the second cycle obtained an average of 84%. Based on theresults of this research, it can be concluded that using varied learning methods in PJOK learning can improve students' basic passing movements.
Analisis kebugaran jasmani pada peserta didik kelas X1 di SMA negeri 7 Bengkulu selatan
Authors: Putra Tedy Angga , Nopiyanto Yahya Eko , Sutisyana Ari , Syafrial  , Rizky Oddie Barnanda
Published: November 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kebugaran fisik siswa di SMA Negeri 7 Bengkulu Selatan. Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif adalah proses pencarian pengetahuan dengan data. Penelitian ini mencakup semua siswa di SMA Negeri 7 Bengkulu Selatan, yang berjumlah 805 siswa. Dalam penelitian ini, jumlah sampel adalah 20 orang, 10 laki-laki dan 10 perempuan, karena metode sampel rekomendasi digunakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen TKJI, yang terdiri dari lari 60 meter, angkat tubuh (60 detik pa), baring duduk 60 detik, loncat tegak, dan tes jarak jauh (1.200 m pa dan 1.000 m pi). Hasil tes kebugaran jasmani dari lima item di SMA Negeri 7 Bengkulu Selatan, yaitu keterampilan lari 60 meter, diklasifikasikan sebagai berikut: pada laki-laki, kurang 10% (1 peserta didik), sedang 30% (3 peserta didik), dan baik 60 (6 peserta didik). Pada perempuan, kurang 20% (2 peserta didik), sedang 60% (6 peserta didik), dan baik 20% (2 peserta didik). Tes Loncat Tegak pada laki-laki kurang dari 10% (1 peserta didik), kurang dari 40% (4 peserta didik), dan kurang dari 50% (5 peserta didik). Tes Lari 1.200 Meter pada laki-laki kurang dari 30% (3 peserta didik), kurang dari 40% (4 peserta didik), dan kurang dari 50% (5 peserta didik). Pada perempuan kurang dari 40% (4 peserta didik). tes TKJI yang mencakup lima item menunjukkan bahwa dua belas siswa dan siswi, atau 60%, lebih kebugaran jasmani setelah melakukannya.
Abstract
This study is to find out the level of physical fitness of students at SMA Negeri 7 South Bengkulu. Quantitative descriptiveresearch is the process of searching for knowledge with data. This study included all students at SMA Negeri 7 South Bengkulu,which totaled 805 students. In this study, the number of samples was 20 people, 10 men and 10 women, because the recommendedsample method was used. This study uses TKJI instruments, which consist of running 60 meters, lifting (60 seconds pa), lyingdown for 60 seconds, jumping upright, and long-distance tests (1,200 m pa and 1,000 m pi). The results of the physical fitness testof five items at SMA Negeri 7 South Bengkulu, namely the 60-meter running skill, are classified as follows: in men, less than 10%(1 student), medium 30% (3 students), and good 60 (6 students). In women, less than 20% (2 students), medium 60% (6 students),and good 20% (2 students). The Upright Jump Test in males was less than 10% (1 student), less than 40% (4 students), and lessthan 50% (5 students). The 1,200 Meter Running Test in males was less than 30% (3 students), less than 40% (4 students), and lessthan 50% (5 students). In women, less than 40% (4 students). The five-item TKJI test showed that twelve students, or 60%, weremore physically fit after doing so.
Pengaruh Latihan Variasi Kelincahan Terhadap Kemampuan Dribbling Futsal Pada Atlet Akademi SGF (Syaffnah Graha Futsal) Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Herdian  , Sugihartono Tono , Pujianto Dian , Permadi Andes
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh latihan variasi kelincahan terhadap kemampuan dribbling futsal pada atlet Akademi SGF  Kota Bengkulu. Jenis penelitian ini adalah pre eksperimental dan desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah one group pretest-posttest design, populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah atlet Akademi SGF  Kota Bengkulu dengan sampel 30 atlet. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dribbling, analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 1. Uji normalitas 2. Uji homogenitas 3. Uji t. Hasil perhitungan menyatakan bahwa nilai  = 1,882 >  = 1,699 dengan taraf α = 0,05 maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, artinya terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan latihan variasi kelincahan terhadap kemampuan dribbling futsal, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya pengaruh latihan variasi kelincahan terhadap kemampuan dribbling futsal pada atlet Akademi SGF Kota Bengkulu.
 
This study aims to determine the effect of variations in agility training on futsal dribbling abilities in athletes at the SGF Academy  in Bengkulu City. This type of research is pre-experimental and the research design used is one group pretest-posttest design, the population in this research is athletes from the SGF Academy  in Bengkulu City with a sample of 30 athletes. The data collection technique uses a dribbling test, data analysis used in this research is 1. Normality test 2. Homogeneity test 3. t test. The calculation results show that the value of t_count = 1,882 > t_tabel = 1.699 with a level of α = 0.05, so Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, meaning that there is a significant influence of agility variation training on futsal dribbling ability, so it can be concluded that there is an influence of agility variation training on ability. Futsal dribbling among athletes at the SGF Academy  in Bengkulu City.
Nâbî’nin Şiirlerinde Dönem Eleştirisi
Authors: Çelebioğlu Ayşe
Published: November 2024

Osmanlı imparatorluğunun gerileme dönemine girdiği XVII. yüzyılın ikinci yarısına damga vurmuş şairlerden Yusûf Nâbî, Hikemî üslubun en önemli temsilcisidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Nâbî’nin yaşadığı dönemdeki yozlaşma, haksızlık ve adaletsizlikleri anlatan şiirlerinin incelenmesidir
Nâbî bir bürokrat olarak görev yaparken hem halkta hem de idarecilerde gözlemlediği ahlakî kusurları, zaafları, eserlerine yansıtmakla birlikte bu kusurların ortadan kaldırılması için gereken çözüm önerilerini, sorumlu aydın olarak, şiirlerinde ifade etmiştir. Hemen hemen bütün eserlerinde eleştirilere yer veren şairimiz, dönemin hastalıklı yönlerini ve reçetesini “Hayriyye” adlı eserinde detaylandırmıştır. Bu eserini oğluna ve dönemin gençlerine yol göstermesi amacıyla yazan Nâbî, sosyal hayat, iş ve eş seçimi gibi birçok konuya değinmiştir. Bahse konu eser üzerinde farklı zamanlarda birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Bizim çalışmamız ise Dîvân’nında bulunan ve döneminin aksayan yönlerini anlattığı “unutulmuş, olmasa, usandık ve bu” redifli şiirleri ile bazı beyitleri içermektedir. Öncelikle Osmanlı Devlet yapısında başlayan kötü gidişatın genel bir panoraması çizildikten sonra yukarıda adı geçen şiirlerde Nâbî’nin hükümlerindeki isabet gözler önüne serilecektir.
Tarihçiler için arşivlerde evrak ne ifade ediyorsa şairlerin toplumsal meseleleri anlattıkları şiirleri de birer vesika olarak onu ifade eder. Nâbî’nin şiirlerini bu açıdan değerlendirmek önem arz etmektedir.
Kıraatlere ve Mushaf Hattına İttibâın Hükmüne İlişkin “Sünnet” Kavramının Kıraat ve Fıkıh Usûlü İlmi Açısından Tahlili
Authors: Yalçın Yunus
Published: November 2024

Bu çalışma teklîfî hükümlerden sünnetin fıkıh usûlündeki mahiyeti ve kıraat ilminde hangi anlamda kullanıldığı hakkındadır. Sünnet kavramının nerede lügavî nerede ıstılâhî anlamda kullanılıp kullanılmadığının bilinmesi sünnet kavramının mahiyetini anlamak açısından önemlidir. Bundan dolayı çalışma iki ana bölüme ayrılmıştır. Birinci bölümde sünnet kavramının fıkıh usûlündeki mahiyeti üzerinde durulmuştur. İkinci bölümde kıraat ilminin iki meselesi hakkında verilen sünnet hükmünün mahiyeti izah edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu iki meseleden birincisi kıraatlerin sünnet olması; diğeri mushaf hattına ittibâın sünnet olmasıdır. Kıraat kitapları ile tefsir ve fıkıh kitaplarında kıraatlerin tabi olunması gereken bir sünnet olduğu ifade edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada kıraatlerin sünnet olmasının anlamının bu meyanda görüş beyan eden kıraat, tefsir ve fıkıh âlimlerinin ortak görüşüne göre kıraatlerin tevkîfî olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu itibarla kıraatlerin sünnet olması, kıraatlerin yeteri sayıda uzmanlık alanı seçen kişiler tarafından bilinmesinin vâcip/farz olması anlamındadır. Mushaf hattına ittibâın sünnet olması hakkında ise âlimlerin üç farklı görüşte olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bunlar resm-i mushafın tevkîfî olduğu görüşü; resm-i mushafın ictihâdî olduğu görüşü ve resm-i mushafın tevkîfî olup yeterince kişinin onu bilmesinin yeterli olmasının yanında resm-i kıyâsî ile yazmanın da câiz olduğu görüşüdür. Kıraatlerin tevkîfî olmadığı görüşünde olan Bâkıllânî, İbn Haldûn ve Ezher ulemasının müctehid vasfında olmamaları ve tevkîfî kabul edilmesi görüşünde olan selef ulemanın görüşlerinin daha isabetli olması resm-i mushafa ittibâın lüzumunu ifade etmeye yeterlidir. Ayrıca kıraatlerin sıhhat şartlarından birisi olan resm-i Osmânî’ye uyma kuralının bulunması resm-i mushafın tevkîfî olduğunun kabul edilmesini gerektirir. Bunun yanında tevkîfî olmadığını söyleyenlerin çoğunluğu Kur’an’ın asıl nüshalarının ilk yazılan hat ile yazılması gerektiğini de kabul etmektedirler. Sadece sıradan halkın Kur’an okurken okuduğu gibi yazılmasının bir kolaylık olacağını ifade etmektedirler. Sonuç olarak kıraatlerin sünnet olmasının ve mushafa ittibâın sünnet olmasının anlamının vâcip olduğu söylenebilir.
Kelâma Mesafeli Hanefîler İtikatta Selefî Midir? -Erken Klasik Dönem Hanefî Fakihler Bağlamında Bir Değerlendirme-
Authors: Birinci Züleyha
Published: November 2024

Amelde Hanefîlik mezhebinin kurucusu olan Ebû Hanîfe’nin (ö. 150/767) itikadî sahada da saygın bir konumu vardır. O, Ehl-i Hadîs ve Ehl-i Re’y ayrışmasında, Ehl-i Re’y’in önderi kabul edilmiştir. Hanefîlik, amelî açıdan dört hak mezhepten biri sayılmış ve geniş bir alana yayılmıştır. Ebû Hanîfe’nin vefatının ardından amelî meseleleri re’yle çözüme kavuşturmakta sakınca görmeyen Hanefîler, inanç konularında re’ye yer verme hususunda farklı tutumlar izlemiştir. Hanefîlerin bir kısmı itikadî konularda akla yer vermeyi pek uygun görmezken bazı Hanefîler itikadî sahada da akıldan istifade etme yolunu tutmuştur. İnanca ilişkin konularda akla yer vermeyi ve kelâm metodunu kullanmayı câiz kabul eden Hanefî-Sünnîler içinde İmam Ebû Mansûr el-Mâtürîdî’nin (ö. 333/944) önemli bir yeri mevcuttur. Mâtürîdî’nin Ebû Hanîfe’den etkilenerek geliştirdiği kelâm ekolüne Mâtürîdîlik, bu ekole bağlı olan Hanefîler’e Mâtürîdîler denilmiştir. İnanç konularında kelâma mesafeli olan Hanefîlerin itikadî mensubiyetlerinde ve ne şekilde anılacakları hususunda ise bir muğlaklık ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu bağlamda bazı çağdaş Selefîler, kelâma mesafeli Hanefîleri Selefî olarak nitelemiştir. Bu çalışma Hanefîlerin Selefî oldukları yönündeki iddiaların haklılık payı taşıyıp taşımadığını ele almayı amaçlamıştır. Bu meseleyi kelâma mesafeli olan erken klasik dönem bazı fakih Hanefîler üzerinden incelemeyi hedeflemiştir. Bu Hanefî âlimler Tahâvî (ö. 321/933), Ebü’l-Leys es-Semerkandî (ö. 373/983) ve Sâid el-Üstüvâî (ö. 432/1041) olarak belirlenmiştir. Makalede dokuman analizi yöntemi kullanılmış ve tümevarım yoluyla sonuca ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Öncelikle Selefîlerin itikatta izlediği metot ve benimsediği ana fikirler üzerinde durulmuştur. Daha sonra bunlar, belirlenen Hanefî fakihlerin kullandığı metot ve benimsediği fikirlerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Buradan ulaşılan verilerle kelâma mesafeli Hanefî âlimleri, Selefî olarak isimlendirmenin imkânı üzerinde tartışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak erken klasik dönemin kelâm ilmine mesafeli duran Hanefî âlimleri ile Selefîler arasında metodik ve fikrî bakımdan bazı benzerlikler bulunduğu, fakat her iki grubun ayırt edici farklı yönlerinin de var olduğu ve bu temel farkları yok sayarak kelâma karşı mesafeli olan Hanefîlerin Selefî olduklarını ileri sürmenin isabetli olmayacağı kanaatine ulaşılmıştır.
Hidden below the surface
Authors:   , Fried Nora
Published: November 2024

In the North Atlantic Ocean, warm and salty surface waters are transported northward and are responsible for a relatively mild climate in Europe. In the deep sea cold and fresh waters flow southward. This circulation is also known as overturning. Due to climate change this overturning is predicted to weaken with a potential impact on European climate. For better predictions of those future changes long-term ocean observations are needed that monitor the currents contributing to this overturning process. The aim of this thesis was to better understand the mechanisms driving one of those currents in the Irminger Sea, southeast of Greenland: the Irminger Current (IC). The IC brings warm and salty waters from the subtropics northward. With the use of instruments that record current velocity, temperature and salinity I showed that the strength of the IC on long time scales is driven by changes in the ocean’s density over the whole Irminger Sea. I further showed that in response to very low salinity waters that arrive in the IC in 2016, the current brings more lighter waters northward with a potential impact on overturning. I also studied where the waters feeding the IC come from. One part originates from further east, in the Iceland Basin, but some waters also originate from the Irminger Sea itself. As the IC contributes to the overturning, mechanisms and changes described in this thesis are important to better understand potential future changes in overturning.
Optimizing In Vitro Nasal Epithelial Cell Models for Enhanced Cilia-Related Airway Research
Authors:   , Dreyer Henriette Hendrina Maria
Published: November 2024

The airways mediate the transport of inhaled air to the lungs and are lined with a layer of epithelial cells that provide protection against inhaled pathogens. In respiratory diseases such as primary ciliary dyskinesia, esophageal atresia, and infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus, defects can occur in the defense function of these airway cells. An example of this is the reduced activity of motile cilia on airway epithelial cells, which normally remove mucus and trapped pathogens from the airways.

This dissertation focuses on the improvement of existing and the development of novel in vitro airway models, based on nasal airway epithelial cells from individuals with respiratory diseases such as primary ciliary dyskinesia, esophageal atresia, and respiratory syncytial virus infections. These models provide a patient-specific platform to study abnormalities in airway epithelial cells, such as reduced ciliary function. Additionally, the models can be used for preclinical research, in which new treatments can be tested.
The Reshaping of International Trade and Environmental Sustainability Through Re-Globalisation
Authors: Dutta Sourish
Published: November 2024

This paper delves into the complex relationship between international trade and environmental sustainability, emphasising that trade can be instrumental in addressing environmental challenges. While acknowledging the potential negative impacts of trade on the environment, such as increased greenhouse gas emissions and pollution, the text highlights that effective environmental policies can mitigate these adverse effects and promote sustainable trade practices. It powerfully underscores the importance of recognising the global nature of environmental problems, as this recognition is crucial for practical international cooperation. The paper advocates for re-globalization, characterised by increased international cooperation and integration, to facilitate services trade growth and reduce carbon intensity through broader utilisation of digital technologies. This paper also explores the concept of 'green comparative advantage,' suggesting that with appropriate environmental policies, trade can empower developing economies to benefit from new trading opportunities arising from the green transition. It concludes by highlighting the crucial role of international cooperation in environmental policies, enabling knowledge transfer, cost reduction, and a more effective global response to environmental challenges.
Локальна шляхта Правобережної України в імперській політиці пошуку компромісів (кінець XVIII – початок ХІХ ст.)
Authors: Шевчук Андрій
Published: November 2024

Досліджено трансформацію становища місцевої шляхти після інкорпорації правобережних територій до Російської імперії. Аналізується варіативність імперської політики щодо досягнення соціальної стабільності у регіоні зі складною соціоетнічною структурою. Розглядається фундаментальний конфлікт між прагненням шляхти зберегти автономію та намаганням імперської влади встановити тотальний контроль. Особлива увага приділяється судовій владі як ключовому механізму узгодження інтересів центру та периферії. Виділено етапи імперської політики: від збереження річпосполитських процедур до активного впровадження російських органів за Катерини II, що призвело до часткової втрати впливу шляхти.
Детально аналізується політика компромісів Павла I, спрямована на відновлення елементів попередньої судової традиції. При цьому зовнішня реставрація супроводжувалася посиленням бюрократичного контролю й обмеженням незалежності судів. Підкреслюється, що попри видимість повернення до старих порядків, фактичне функціонування нових установ було жорстко регламентоване імперською владою. Зроблено висновок, що локальна шляхта, незважаючи на незадоволення, була змушена прийняти нові «правила гри» через загрозу повної втрати впливу та асиміляції у середовищі імперської еліти.
Сільськогосподарські навчальні заклади Харківської губернії другої половини 19 – початку 20 ст.
Authors: Trygub Oleksandr , Chalavan Victor
Published: November 2024

Метою статті є створення узагальнюючої картини становлення та розвитку навчальних закладів сільськогосподарського профілю у межах Харківської губернії від 1840-х років до 1917 р.; виокреслення їх особливостей, характеристики фінансування, матеріального стану, учительського й учнівського контингентів тощо.
Наукова новизна. Вперше комплексно охарактеризовано становлення та розвиток сільськогосподарської освіти на теренах Харківської губернії, реконструйовано історичний поступ навчальних закладів різного рівня, виділено їхні ключові характеристики: спеціалізацію, фінансування, матеріальне становище, штати, учнівський контингент.
Висновки. У середині 19 ст. як владні кола Російської імперії, так і громадськість все активніше почали говорити про необхідність побудови певної системи підготовки професійних аграріїв, які могли б підвищити продуктивність поміщицьких латифундій. У результаті на Слобожанщині виник один з перших навчальних закладів аграрного типу – Південно-західна ферма. З часом, об’єднавшись із землеробським училищем, даний навчальний заклад перетворився на провідний комплексний осередок підготовки фахівців аграрного профілю з розвиненою матеріально-технічною базою, значним штатом професійних викладачів, багатопрофільними курсами підвищення кваліфікації.
Кінець 19 – початок 20 ст. відзначився сплеском громадсько-приватної ініціативи у відкритті сільськогосподарських навчальних закладів. Особливо необхідно відзначити діяльність губернського та повітового земств, які стали ініціаторами відкриття Сумської, Асіївської, Одноробівської та Рокитненської шкіл. Завдяки Івану Терещенку, подружжю Філонових і Михайлу Руднєву відкрилися Михайлівська та Одноробівська школи і навчальна пасіка на Старобільщині. Держава у цьому процесі виступала лише як інвестор, регулятор і контролюючий орган.
Не дивлячись на труднощі аграрні навчальні заклади Харківської губернії виступали не лише освітніми осередками, а й були базою наукових експериментів, центром консолідації небайдужих до селянської праці.
Фінансування. Стаття підготовлена за результатами фундаментального дослідження «Соціокультурний простір України другої половини ХІХ – першої третини ХХ ст.: селянський світ» (номер державної реєстрації: 0123U101600) за підтримки Міністерства освіти і науки України.
Селянство в перші роки Української революції (1917-1918): еволюція ціннісних орієнтирів і протестної активності
Authors: Soliar Ihor , Ilnytskyi Vasyl
Published: November 2024

Мета роботи – висвітлення системи поглядів селянства як класу, зокрема зміни у правосвідомості, ставленні до державних інституцій. Окреслення комплексу проблем селянства, трансформації настроїв, суспільно-політичної організації. Розкриття передумов селянських рухів 1917-1918 рр. (у період державності Української Центральної Ради), їх організаційних форм, кількісних і територіальних вимірів.
Наукова новизна. Комплексно простежено трансформації селянства як окремої соціальної групи, його правосвідомість, зміни у трактуванні агарного питання, а відтак і ставлення до конкретних змін на шляху до земельної реформи. Проаналізовано селянські виступи крізь призму соціально-культурного підходу, який допомагає комплексно розкрити кількісні й якісні форми селянської боротьби.
Висновки. Селянство після Першої світової війни та в ході Української революції пережило низку суспільно-політичних і ціннісних змін. Ці зміни знайшли свій вияв, насамперед, у ставленні до розв’язання земельного питання. Настанови селянства були спрямовані на перерозподіл земельної власності таким чином, щоб її отримали головно ті, хто працюють на ній.
Перша половина 1917 р. була відносно спокійним етапом Української Революції. Селянство покладало надії на вирішення нагальних проблем на нові державні інституції. Відбувалось формування вертикалі влади та різних відомств, які організовували місцеве самоврядування, у тому числі в управління земельними справами. Селянські виступи цього періоду були мирними, поміщики надалі володіли своєю власністю та господарювали. Однак від літа 1917 р. з ініціативи земельних комітетів розпочинається встановлення низьких орендних цін, селяни чи не вперше на вигідних умовах отримали в оренду земельні наділи, частку від зібраного врожаю.
Суперечності на фоні подальшого розподілу орендованої землі, а згодом і власності великих землевласників, у поєднані із деморалізуючими впливами війни, економічною розрухою, продовольчими труднощами, дестабілізацією фінансової та владної вертикалі зумовили загострення протистояння. Селянський рух від вересня 1917 р. до зими 1918 р. набув загрозливих форм із погромами та підпалами маєтків поміщиків.
Фінансування. Стаття містить результати дослідження за фундаментальним дослідженням «Соціокультурний простір України другої половини ХІХ – першої третини ХХ ст.: селянський світ» (номер державної реєстрації: 0123U101600).
A potential gateway to understanding liver disease development: peripartum lipid fluctuations in dairy cows
Authors: Vogel Laura , Güttler Markus , Theinert Kirsten B. , Snedec Teja , Reichelt Kristin , Pietsch Fabian , Schären-Bannert Melanie , Rachidi Fanny , Dobeleit Gabriele , Fuhrmann Herbert , Spilke Joachim , Edlich Frank , Starke Alexander
Published: November 2024

Current lifestyles are leading to a worldwide increase in metabolic liver diseases that favor the development of liver disease. Changes in hepatocytes are caused by altered lipid concentrations, oxidative stress or toxicity by individual lipids. The complexity of the underlying processes and differences of the pathology to proposed rodent models makes the development of an effective targeted therapy difficult. The lipid mobilization that occurs in dairy cows in the postpartum period could be a natural model for the metabolic stress commonly observed in the development of liver diseases. We therefore used gas chromatography and histopathological staining techniques to analyze lipid patterns in diparous and multiparous cows during the peripartum period. The most striking change in lipid composition is the homogenous increase in palmitoleic acid (C16:1n7) content in all cows around the time of calving, with multiparous cows exhibiting consistently higher C16:1n7 levels by the end of the study. Elevated C16:1n7 levels have a potential key role in the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and tumorigenesis in the liver. Changes in C16:1n7, therefore, support the idea that lipid mobilization in dairy cows could serve as model for various liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or NASH development.
Hydrophobic association supramolecular gel suitable for oil and gas drilling in fractured formation
Authors: Han Yongquan , Yu Zhixue , Guan Zijun , Ma Rui , Hu Yuzhou
Published: November 2024

Supramolecular gel can be used to seal fractures and pores in the formation during oil and gas drilling and production. In this study, a supramolecular gel plugging agent based on hydrophobic association was prepared by free radical polymerization of acrylamide, octadecyl methacrylate, sodium dodecyl sulfate and other monomers by micellar copolymerization. The forming time, rheology, swelling, mechanical properties and plugging properties of supramolecular gels were studied. The experimental results show that the formation time of supramolecular gel plugging agent is controllable, and it has excellent viscoelastic recovery ability in a certain range of shear strain and scanning frequency. When the compression amount is close to 88.3%, the compressive stress reaches 3.82 MPa. Meanwhile, the swelling performance of supramolecular gel was good, and the equilibrium swelling degree reached 22.1% after 188 min swelling in 15% NaCl brine solution. In 1% NaCl solution, the equilibrium swelling degree of supramolecular gel reached 32.5%. In addition, supramolecular gel has strong formation bonding ability, good plugging performance, plugging rate is greater than 95%, can effectively reduce the leakage and improve the plugging effect of low permeability layer. It is of reference and guiding significance for the long-term plugging of heterogeneous and malignant leakage formations.
The association between the genetic structures of commonly incompatible plasmids in Gram-negative bacteria, their distribution and the resistance genes
Authors: Fang Lei , Chen Ruyan , Li Chenyu , Sun Jingjing , Liu Ruishan , Shen Yanhao , Guo Xiaobing
Published: November 2024

Incompatible plasmids play a crucial role in the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, particularly in Gram-negative bacteria, and have thus attracted considerable attention in the field of microbiological research. In the 1970s, these plasmids, housing an array of resistance genes and genetic elements, were predominantly discovered. They exhibit a broad presence in diverse host bacteria, showcasing diversity in geographic distribution and the spectrum of antibiotic resistance genes. The complex genetic structure of plasmids further accelerates the accumulation of resistance genes in Gram-negative bacteria. This article offers a comprehensive review encompassing the discovery process, host distribution, geographic prevalence, carried resistance genes, and the genetic structure of different types incompatible plasmids, including IncA, IncC, IncF, IncL, IncM, IncH, and IncP. It serves as a valuable reference for enhancing our understanding of the role of these different types of plasmids in bacterial evolution and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance.
What’s love got to do with it? A biophilia-based approach to zoonoses prevention through a conservation lens
Authors: Kirkey Jason R.
Published: November 2024

E.O. Wilson coined the term biophilia, defining it as an innate affinity to the natural world. The concept of nature connectedness is used in environmental psychology as a measure of feelings and self-perceptions of connectedness to nature. Researchers have found a wide variety of positive effects associated with nature connectedness, including better mental health and wellbeing, increased altruistic and cooperative behavior, and heightened empathy. When these feelings of empathy are directed toward nature and applied to conservation actions, they can overcome the effects of compassion collapse, a phenomenon observed to lower study participants willingness to engage in altruistic behavior when there are many or diffuse victims of a disaster. Biophilia is an important concept in conservation, but it has not been widely applied to zoonoses prevention. The public health community has often relied on fear-based (biophobic) messages, which can drive the very interactions they were intended to avoid (e.g., media reports of bat zoonoses leading to culling activities and destruction of bat habitat) and exacerbate the ecological drivers of spillover. Communication strategies rooted in biophilia may be more effective at generating empathy for both ecological and human communities, leading to greater willingness to leave zoonotic pathogen hosts and their habitats alone, further reducing spillover events and the ecological conditions that make spillover more likely. Given the intertwined nature of human and ecological health, it is critical that the conservation and public health communities speak in a unified voice.
Multi-modal transcriptomics: integrating machine learning and convolutional neural networks to identify immune biomarkers in atherosclerosis
Authors: Chen Haiqing , Lai Haotian , Chi Hao , Fan Wei , Huang Jinbang , Zhang Shengke , Jiang Chenglu , Jiang Lai , Hu Qingwen , Yan Xiuben , Chen Yemeng , Zhang Jieying , Yang Guanhu , Liao Bin , Wan Juyi
Published: November 2024

Background

Atherosclerosis, a complex chronic vascular disorder with multifactorial etiology, stands as the primary culprit behind consequential cardiovascular events, imposing a substantial societal and economic burden. Nevertheless, our current understanding of its pathogenesis remains imprecise. In this investigation, our objective is to establish computational models elucidating molecular-level markers associated with atherosclerosis. This endeavor involves the integration of advanced machine learning techniques and comprehensive bioinformatics analyses.

Materials and methods

Our analysis incorporated data from three publicly available the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets: GSE100927 (104 samples, 30,558 genes), which includes atherosclerotic lesions and control arteries from carotid, femoral, and infra-popliteal arteries of deceased organ donors; GSE43292 (64 samples, 23,307 genes), consisting of paired carotid endarterectomy samples from 32 hypertensive patients, comparing atheroma plaques and intact tissues; and GSE159677 (30,498 single cells, 33,538 genes), examining single-cell transcriptomes of calcified atherosclerotic core plaques and adjacent carotid artery tissues from patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Utilizing single-cell sequencing, highly variable atherosclerotic monocyte subpopulations were systematically identified. We analyzed cellular communication patterns with temporal dynamics. The bioinformatics approach Weighted Gene Co—expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) identified key modules, constructing a Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network from module-associated genes. Three machine-learning models derived marker genes, formulated through logistic regression and validated via convolutional neural network(CNN) modeling. Subtypes were clustered based on Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) scores, validated through immunoassays.

Results

Three pivotal atherosclerosis-associated genes—CD36, S100A10, CSNK1A1—were unveiled, offering valuable clinical insights. Profiling based on these genes delineated two distinct isoforms: C2 demonstrated potent microbicidal activity, while C1 engaged in inflammation regulation, tissue repair, and immune homeostasis. Molecular docking analyses explored therapeutic potential for Estradiol, Zidovudine, Indinavir, and Dronabinol for clinical applications.

Conclusion

This study introduces three signature genes for atherosclerosis, shaping a novel paradigm for investigating clinical immunological medications. It distinguishes the high biocidal C2 subtype from the inflammation-modulating C1 subtype, utilizing identified signature gene as crucial targets.
Ablation index value for transmural lesions based on unipolar electrograms in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation undergoing pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Sun Yijun , Wang Binhao , Feng Mingjun , Yu Yibo , Gao Fang , Zhuo Weidong , Qi Yingbo , Qiu Xinhui , Chu Huimin , Fu Guohua
Published: November 2024

Background

It remains unclear whether the current recommended ablation index (AI) value is suitable for individualized catheter ablation. Prior research has established that the elimination of the negative component of the unipolar electrogram (UP-EGM) applications reflects the formation of transmural lesion during radiofrequency ablation. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between AI values when UP-EGM turns positive during pulmonary vein isolation and recommended AI values.

Methods

A total of 50 patients with drug-refractory PAF who underwent index RFCA were consecutively included from September 2022 to January 2023. All the patients underwent AI-guided ablation. UP-EGM was also recorded during the procedure. The difference in the AI between the value when the UP-EGM turned completely positive [AIUP-EGM(+)] and the recommended value at the end of ablation (AIEND) was compared.

Results

A total of 2 954 lesion points were detected in 50 patients. The average values of AIUP-EGM(+) at the anterior wall and the posterior wall were 420.9 and 267.4, respectively. The average AIEND values were 524.3 and 393.9 at the anterior wall and the posterior wall, respectively. The percentage of increase in the AI between the AIUP-EGM(+) and AIEND groups was 22%, 28% at the anterior wall and 47%, 49% at the posterior wall (P < 0.001). After a mean follow-up duration of 11.30 ± 2.10 months, 44 patients (88%) remained in sinus rhythm without antiarrhythmic drugs.

Conclusion

The AIUP-EGM(+) was lower than the recommended value for all the pulmonary vein regions. The recommended AI value seems to be too high for the posterior and inferior walls, but this remains to be proven in future research.
Association between genetic polymorphisms and gestational diabetes mellitus susceptibility in a Chinese population
Authors: Zeng Qiaoli , Liu Jia , Liu Xin , Liu Na , Wu Weibiao , Watson Ray Gyan , Zou Dehua , Wei Yue , Guo Runmin
Published: November 2024

Background

Although the association between HHEX, IGF2BP2, and FTO polymorphisms and the risk of GDM has been investigated in several studies, the findings have been inconsistent across different populations. The study aimed to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms and GDM risk in a Chinese population.

Methods

502 control volunteers and 500 GDM patients were enrolled. IGF2BP2 rs11705701 and rs4402960, FTO rs9939609, and HHEX rs1111875 and rs5015480 were all genotyped using the SNPscan™ genotyping assay. The independent sample t-test, logistic regression, and chi-square test were used to assess the variations in genotype and allele and their relationships with the risk of GDM. The blood glucose level, gestational week of delivery, and newborn weight were compared using a one-way ANOVA.

Results

After adjusting for confounding factors, the results show that the rs1111875 heterozygous (OR=1.370; 95% CI: 1.040-1.805; P = 0.025) and overdominant (OR=1.373; 95% CI: 1.049-1.796; P = 0. 021) models are significantly associated with an increased risk of GDM, especially for the age ≥ 30 years group: heterozygote (OR=1.646; 95% CI: 1.118-2.423; P=0.012) and overdominant (OR=1.553; 95% CI: 1.064-2.266; P = 0.022) models. In the age ≥ 30 years, the rs5015480 overdominant model (OR=1.595; 95% CI: 1.034-2.459; P = 0.035) and the rs9939609 heterozygote model (OR=1.609; 95% CI: 1.016-2.550; P=0.043), allele (OR=1. 504; 95% CI: 1.006-2.248; P = 0.047), dominant model (OR=1.604; 95% CI: 1.026-2.505; P = 0.038), and overdominant model (OR=1.593; 95% CI: 1.007-2.520; P = 0.047) were associated with a significantly increased risk of GDM; Additionally, people with the TC genotype of rs1111875 had a substantially higher 1-hour blood glucose level than TT genotype (P < 0.05). The results of the meta-analysis showed that the A allele of rs11705701 was associated with an increased risk of diabetes mellitus (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The study indicates that the TC genotype of rs1111875 is linked to a higher risk of GDM, particularly in women aged 30 years or older. Additionally, rs5015480 and rs9939609 were significantly associated with GDM in the same age group. These SNPs may therefore be more closely linked to GDM in older mothers.
Association of mitochondrial haplogroup H with reduced risk of type 2 Diabetes among Gulf Region Arabs
Authors: Dashti Mohammed , Ali Naser M. , Alsaleh Hussain , John Sumi Elsa , Nizam Rasheeba , Thanaraj Thangavel Alphonse , Al-Mulla Fahd
Published: November 2024

Background

Numerous studies have linked mitochondrial dysfunction to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) by affecting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells and reducing oxidative phosphorylation in insulin-responsive tissues. Given the strong genetic underpinnings of T2D, research has explored the connection between mitochondrial DNA haplogroups, specific variants, and the risk and comorbidities of T2D. For example, haplogroups F, D, M9, and N9a have been linked to an elevated risk of T2D across various populations. Additionally, specific mitochondrial DNA variants, such as the rare mtDNA 3243 A>G and the more prevalent mtDNA 16189 T>C, have also been implicated in heightened T2D risk. Notably, these associations vary among different populations. Given the high incidence of T2D in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, this study investigates the correlation between T2D and mitochondrial haplogroups and variants in Arab populations from the Gulf region.

Methods

This analysis involved mitochondrial haplogroup and variant testing in a cohort of 1,112 native Kuwaiti and Qatari individuals, comprising 685 T2D patients and 427 controls. Complete mitochondrial genomes were derived from whole exome sequencing data to examine the associations between T2D and haplogroups and mitochondrial DNA variants.

Results

The analysis revealed a significant protective effect of haplogroup H against T2D (odds ratio [OR] = 0.65; P = 0.022). This protective association persisted when adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and population group, with an OR of 0.607 (P = 0.021). Furthermore, specific mitochondrial variants showed significant associations with T2D risk after adjustment for relevant covariates, and some variants were exclusively found in T2D patients.

Conclusion

Our findings confirm that the maternal haplogroup H, previously identified as protective against obesity in Kuwaiti Arabs, also serves as a protective factor against T2D in Arabs from the Gulf region. The study also identifies mitochondrial DNA variants that either increase or decrease the risk of T2D, underscoring their role in cellular energy metabolism.
Exosomes and SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Li Liuying , Yang Zixuan , Li Jia
Published: November 2024

Exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles, are of particular interest in studies on SARS-CoV-2 infection because of their crucial role in intercellular communication. These vesicles are released by several cell types and are rich in “cargo” such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which are vital for regulating immune response and viral pathogenesis. Exosomes have been reported to be involved in viral transmission, immune escape mechanisms, and illness development in SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review examines the current research on the contribution of exosomes to the interplay between the virus and host cells, highlighting their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in combating COVID-19.
FOLFOX-HAIC combined with targeted immunotherapy for initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a real-world study
Authors: Lu Yan-Cen , Yang Yu-Chen , Ma Di , Wang Jun-qing , Hao Feng-Jie , Chen Xu-xiao , Chen Yong-jun
Published: November 2024

Background

Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) with the FOLFOX regimen has demonstrated efficacy in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The combined targeted and immunotherapy has emerged as a first-line treatment for liver cancer. In this study, we investigated the clinical efficacy and safety of FOLFOX-HAIC in combination with targeted immunotherapy in patients with untreated, unresectable HCC.

Materials and methods

Data were collected from patients with initially unresectable HCC treated at Ruijin Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, from June 2022 to June 2023. Tumor response and survival outcomes were assessed following the FOLFOX-HAIC combined with targeted immunotherapy, The safety was also evaluated through the incidence of related adverse events.

Results

A total of 51 eligible patients were recruited. The objective response rate (ORR) based on mRECIST and RECIST 1.1 criteria were 60.8% and 45.1%, respectively. The surgical conversion rate was 25.5%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 15.2 months. The 1-year overall survival rate was 88.2%. Adverse events were observed in 98% patients, with 23.5% experiencing grade 3 or 4 adverse events.

Conclusion

The FOLFOX-HAIC combined with targeted immunotherapy regimen is effective in patients with unresectable HCC, demonstrated by a high surgical conversion rate and manageable adverse effects. This regimen represents a potential novel first-line treatment option for HCC.
Warehouse-based, immunopeptidome-guided design of personalised peptide vaccines shows feasibility in clinical trial evaluation in CLL patients
Authors: Heitmann Jonas S. , Jung Susanne , Wacker Marcel , Maringer Yacine , Nelde Annika , Bauer Jens , Denk Monika , Hoenisch-Gravel Naomi , Richter Marion , Oezbek Melek T. , Dubbelaar Marissa L. , Bilich Tatjana , Pumptow Marina , Martus Peter , Illerhaus Gerald , Denzlinger Claudio , Steinbach Francesca , Aulitzky Walter-Erich , Müller Martin R. , Dörfel Daniela , Rammensee Hans–Georg , Salih Helmut R. , Walz Juliane S.
Published: November 2024

Cancer peptide vaccination represents a promising therapeutic approach, but has been hampered by lack of suitable antigens and restricted applicability due to different HLA backgrounds of individual patients. We here introduce a novel warehouse-based concept for composition of personalized peptide vaccines and report on its successful application in a Phase II clinical trial in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) after first-line therapy. 26 CLL patients in at least partial remission (PR) after 6 months of immuno-chemotherapy were vaccinated with a personalized vaccine compiled from a premanufactured peptide warehouse comprising immunopeptidome-defined CLL-associated peptides. Primary objective was evaluation of immunogenicity, secondary objectives were safety and minimal residual disease (MRD) response. Immunopeptidome-guided vaccine composition was throughout successful, proving the feasibility of warehouse-based vaccine design. Vaccination was well tolerated, with local injection site reactions being the most common adverse event. Only few patients showed vaccine-induced T cell responses, attributable to their inability to mount strong immune responses due to immune-chemotherapy and lack of potent adjuvant formulations. Both issues are addressed within a follow-up trial (NCT04688385), combining the immunopeptidome-guided warehouse-based vaccine design reported here with a potent novel adjuvant evaluating personalized multi- peptide vaccination in CLL patients under T cell supportive BTK inhibitor therapies.

Clinical trial registration

www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu, identifier NCT02802943.