bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proteome and morphological analysis show unexpected differences between promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis PH8 and LV79 strains
Authors: Tano Fabia Tomie , Barbosa Gustavo Rolim , de Rezende Eloiza , Souza Rodolpho Ornitz Oliveira , Muxel Sandra Marcia , Silber Ariel Mariano , Palmisano Giuseppe , Stolf Beatriz Simonsen
Published: August 2022

Background

Leishmaniases are diseases caused byLeishmaniaprotozoans that affect around 12 million people.Leishmaniapromastigotes are transmitted to vertebrates by female phlebotomine flies during their blood meal. Parasites attach to phagocytic cells, are phagocytosed and differentiate into amastigotes. We previously showed that PH8 and LV79 strains ofLeishmania amazonensishave different virulence in mice and that their amastigotes differ in their proteomes. In this work, we compare promastigotes’ infectivity in macrophages, their proteomes and morphologies.

Methods/Principal findings

Phagocytosis assays showed that promastigotes adhesion to and phagocytosis by macrophages is higher in PH8 than LV79. To identify proteins that differ between the two strains and that may eventually contribute for these differences we used a label-free proteomic approach to compare promastigote´s membrane-enriched fractions. Proteomic analysis enabled precise discrimination of PH8 and LV79 protein profiles and the identification of several differentially abundant proteins. The proteins more abundant in LV79 promastigotes participate mainly in translation and amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, while the more abundant in PH8 are involved in carbohydrate metabolism, cytoskeleton composition and vesicle/membrane trafficking. Interestingly, although the virulence factor GP63 was more abundant in the less virulent LV79 strain, zymography suggests a higher protease activity in PH8. Enolase, which may be related to virulence, was more abundant in PH8 promastigotes. Unexpectedly, flow cytometry and morphometric analysis indicate higher abundance of metacyclics in LV79.

Conclusions/Significance

Proteome comparison of PH8 and LV79 promastigotes generated a list of differential proteins, some of which may be further prospected to affect the infectivity of promastigotes. Although proteomic profile of PH8 includes more proteins characteristic of metacyclics, flow cytometry and morphometric analysis indicate a higher abundance of metacyclics in LV79 cultures. These results shed light to the gaps in our knowledge of metacyclogenesis inL.amazonensis, and to proteins that should be studied in the context of infection by this species.
Novel approaches to analysis of the North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD): Observations from a phase 2 trial
Authors: Muntoni Francesco , Guglieri Michela , Mah Jean K. , Wagner Kathryn R. , Brandsema John F. , Butterfield Russell J. , McDonald Craig M. , Mayhew Anna G. , Palmer Jeffrey P. , Marraffino Shannon , Charnas Lawrence , Mercuri Eugenio
Published: August 2022

Introduction

The North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) tool is a key instrument for measuring clinical outcomes in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). To gain a better understanding of the longitudinal utility of the NSAA, we evaluated NSAA data from a phase II trial of 120 patients with DMD treated with domagrozumab or placebo.

Methods

The NSAA exploratory analyses included assessment of individual skills gained/lost, total skills gained/lost, cumulative loss of function, and the impact of transient loss of function due to a temporary disability on NSAA total score (temporary zero score).

Results

There was no significant difference in the total number of NSAA skills gained (mean 1.41 and 1.04, respectively; p = 0.3314) or lost (3.90 vs. 5.0; p = 0.0998) between domagrozumab- vs. placebo-treated patients at week 49. However, domagrozumab-treated patients were less likely to lose the ability to perform a NSAA item (hazard ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65–0.98, p = 0.029) over 48-weeks vs. placebo-treated patients. When temporary zero scores were changed to “not obtainable” (8 values from 7 patients), domagrozumab-treated patients scored higher on the NSAA total score versus placebo-treated patients (difference at week 49: 2.0, 95% CI: 0.1–3.9, p = 0.0359).

Conclusions

These exploratory analyses reveal additional approaches to interpreting the NSAA data beyond just change in NSAA total score. These observations also highlight the importance of reporting items as “not obtainable” for a patient with a temporary/transient physical disability that impacts their ability to perform the NSAA test.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier

NCT02310763.
Critical dynamics in the spread of focal epileptic seizures: Network connectivity, neural excitability and phase transitions
Authors: Moosavi S. Amin , Jirsa Viktor K. , Truccolo Wilson
Published: August 2022

Focal epileptic seizures can remain localized or, alternatively, spread across brain areas, often resulting in impairment of cognitive function and loss of consciousness. Understanding the factors that promote spread is important for developing better therapeutic approaches. Here, we show that: (1) seizure spread undergoes “critical” phase transitions in models (epileptor-networks) that capture the neural dynamics of spontaneous seizures while incorporating patient-specific brain network connectivity, axonal delays and identified epileptogenic zones (EZs). We define a collective variable for the spreading dynamics as the spread size, i.e. the number of areas or nodes in the network to which a seizure has spread. Global connectivity strength and excitability in the surrounding non-epileptic areas work as phase-transition control parameters for this collective variable. (2) Phase diagrams are predicted by stability analysis of the network dynamics. (3) In addition, the components of the Jacobian’s leading eigenvector, which tend to reflect the connectivity strength and path lengths from the EZ to surrounding areas, predict the temporal order of network-node recruitment into seizure. (4) However, stochastic fluctuations in spread size in a near-criticality region make predictability more challenging. Overall, our findings support the view that within-patient seizure-spread variability can be characterized by phase-transition dynamics under transient variations in network connectivity strength and excitability across brain areas. Furthermore, they point to the potential use and limitations of model-based prediction of seizure spread in closed-loop interventions for seizure control.
Maternal stress induced anxiety-like behavior exacerbated by electromagnetic fields radiation in female rats offspring
Authors: Hosseini Ehsan , Farid Habibi Mahsa , Babri Shirin , Mohaddes Gisou , abkhezr Hajar , Heydari Hamed
Published: August 2022

There is a disagreement on whether extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) have a beneficial or harmful effect on anxiety-like behavior. Prenatal stress induces frequent disturbances in offspring physiology such as anxiety-like behavior extending to adulthood. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of prenatal stress and ELF-EMF exposure before and during pregnancy on anxiety-like behavior and some anxiety-related pathways in the hippocampus of female rat offspring. A total of 24 female rats 40 days of age were distributed into four groups of 6 rats each: control, Stress (rats whose mothers underwent chronic stress), EMF (rats whose mothers were exposed to electromagnetic fields) and EMF/S (rats whose mothers were simultaneously exposed to chronic stress and ELF-EMF). The rats were given elevated plus-maze and open field tests and then their brains were dissected and their hippocampus were subjected to analysis. ELISA was used to measure 24(S)-hydroxy cholesterol, corticosterone, and serotonin levels. Cryptochrome2, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, 3B-Hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2(NMDAr2) and phosphorylated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2(PNMDAr2) were assayed by immunoblotting. Anxiety-like behavior increased in all treatment groups at the same time EMF increased anxiety induced by maternal stress in the EMF/S group. The stress group showed decreased serotonin and increased corticosterone levels. ELF-EMF elevated the PNMDAr2/NMDAr2 ratio and 24(S)-hydroxy cholesterol compared to the control group but did not change corticosterone. EMF did not restore changes induced by stress in behavioral and molecular tests. The results of the current study, clarified that ELF-EMF can induce anxiety-like behavior which may be attributed to an increase in the PNMDAr2/NMDAr2 ratio and 24(S)-OHC in the hippocampus, and prenatal stress may contribute to anxiety via a decrease in serotonin and an increase in corticosterone in the hippocampus. We also found that anxiety-like behavior induced by maternal stress exposure, is exacerbated by electromagnetic fields radiation.
Unmasking the perching effect of the pioneer Mediterranean dwarf palm Chamaerops humilis L.
Authors: González-García Víctor , Garrote Pedro J. , Fedriani Jose M.
Published: August 2022

Although farmlands are the most extensive terrestrial biomes, the abandonment of traditional agriculture in many parts of the world has brought opportunities and challenges for the restoration of such human-disturbed habitats. Seed arrival is a crucial necessary ecological process during plant recolonization that can be enhanced by the use of the so-called “perch plants”. Little is known, however, about whether the seed arrival via frugivorous birds is affected by the spatial distribution of the perch plants in disturbed habitats. To evaluate several spatial aspects of “perching” effect, we used a spatially explicit approach in two disturbed plots within the Doñana National Park (SW Spain). Specifically, we chose as study system the pioneer Mediterranean dwarf palmChamaerops humilisL., which is often used as a perch by a variety of frugivorous bird species. A total of 289C.humilisindividuals were sampled in search of bird feces (N = 2998) and dispersed seeds (N = 529). Recorded seeds belonged to six different woody species from five different families. Nine bird species from six different families were recorded usingC.humilisas perches. GLMs analyses indicated that tallerC.humilismales with higher numbers of spatially associated woody species received more dispersed seeds. We detected a random spatial structure of bird feces and dispersed seeds in one study plot, while a nonrandom spatial structure was found in the other one, where isolatedC.humilisreceived a higher number of bird feces and dispersed seeds than expected under spatial null models. The difference in spatial patterns between both study plots could relate, among other factors, to their different state of development in the ecological succession. Most of dispersed seeds were concentrated in a small number ofC.humilisindividuals, usually male and large ones, that acted as “hotspots” of seed arrival. The fact that frugivorous birds in one study site visited most often isolatedC.humilisquestions the aggregated spatial structure of revegetation designs typically used in restoration projects. This study reveals novel spatial aspects of the “perching” effect which could be helpful in the restoration of human-disturbed habitats worldwide.
Depression and associated factors among older adults in Bahir Dar city administration, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020: Cross-sectional study
Authors: Anbesaw Tamrat , Fekadu Betelhem
Published: August 2022

Background

Depression is the most common psychiatric condition among older adults, and it goes unnoticed by individuals themselves and is under-diagnosed by clinicians due to the misconception that these are normal parts of aging. However, the problem is not properly addressed in Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of depression among the older adults in Bahir Dar city.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 423 older adults in Bahir Dar city. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Depression was assessed using a 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to explore the potential determinants of depression among the participants.

Results

The prevalence of depression among older adults was found to be 57.9% (95% CI: 53.2–62.6). This study showed that educational status with grades 5-8th(AOR: 5.72, 95% CI: 2.87–11.34), and 9-12thgrade (AOR: 3.44, 95% CI: 1.59–7.41), income <2004 ETB (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.16–3.07), cognitive impairments (AOR: 3.54, 95% CI: 2.16–5.81), family history of mental illness (AOR:3.06, 95% CI: 1.03–9.04), and poor quality of life (AOR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.74–4.46) were significantly associated with depression.

Conclusion

The prevalence of depression among older adults was found to be huge. Having low educational status, low monthly income, cognitive impairments, family history of mental illness, and poor quality of life were associated with depression. Therefore, raising community awareness of mental health, increasing social participation, providing supportive counseling and routine screening of depressive symptoms are essential in combating depression among Bahir-Dar city older adults.
Utility of a novel wearable electrode embedded in an undershirt for electrocardiogram monitoring and detection of arrhythmias
Authors: Amami Kazuaki , Yoshihisa Akiomi , Horikoshi Yuko , Yamada Shinya , Nehashi Takeshi , Hijioka Naoko , Nodera Minoru , Kaneshiro Takashi , Yokokawa Tetsuro , Misaka Tomofumi , Takeishi Yasuchika
Published: August 2022

Background

A 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and Holter ECG have been established as gold standards for detection of arrhythmias. Recently, wearable ECG monitoring devices have been available. Our purpose of the present study was to investigate whether a novel wearable electrode embedded in an undershirt is useful for ECG monitoring and detection of arrhythmias.

Methods

We studied 31 consecutive hospitalized patients who underwent catheter ablation of tachyarrhythmias. Patients equipped a wearable electrode and a lead CM5 of Holter ECG simultaneously, and total heart beats, maximum heart rate (HR), mean HR, minimum HR, detections of arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, and premature ventricular contractions (Lown’s grade >II), were compared between the two methods using a Holter ECG analysis software.

Results

Median recording time of ECG by wearable electrodes was 12.6 hours. Strong correlations between the two methods were observed in total heart beats (R = 0.999, P <0.001), maximum HR (R = 0.997, P <0.001), mean HR (R = 0.999, P <0.001), minimum HR (R = 0.989, P <0.001) and QRS duration (R = 0.900, P <0.001). Bland-Altman analysis showed excellent concordance between each parameter measured by two methods. In addition, the detection of atrial fibrillation (nine events), non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (two events), and premature ventricular contractions of Lown’s grade >II (five events) were concordant in two methods. In addition, there were no significant difference in parameters of time-domain and frequency-domain analyses of heart rate variability between the two methods.

Conclusions

The usefulness of a novel electrode embedded in an undershirt is equivalent to that of a Holter ECG in monitoring the ECG and detection of arrythmias.
„Nem értjük meg, hogy ennek a jognak versenyelőnye van” Beszélgetés Pomázi Gyulával, a Szellemi Tulajdon Nemzeti Hivatala elnökével
Authors: Pomázi Gyula , Trautmann László
Published: August 2022

Szeretettel köszöntök mindenkit a Kandó Klub mai beszélgetésén. Beszélgetőpartnerem ezúttal Pomázi Gyula, a Szellemi Tulajdon Nemzeti Hivatalának elnöke. Néhány egyetemistával közösen gondolkodunk az innováció, illetve a szellemi tulajdon kapcsolatáról, ezeken kívül pedig az innováció fejlesztésének lehetőségeiről. Jómagam Trautmann László vagyok, a Kandó Klub szakmai vezetője.
Hatvanhat éves a Solow-Swan modell = The Solow-Swan model just turned 66
Authors: Tőkés László
Published: August 2022

„Pontosan a növekedéselmélet az, amelyről beszélni akarok: önmagáért, az eredményeiért, a lyukakért, amelyeket még be kell tömni … .” – mondta Robert M. Solow 1987-ben, Nobel-díjas előadása elején, és ez a motivációja ennek a tanulmánynak is. A modern növekedéselmélet úttörőinek tekinthető Bob Solow és Trevor Swan alapvető tanulmányai 66 évvel ezelőtt, 1956-ban jelentek meg. A növekedési irodalom azóta elképesztően bővült. Ez az inkább tájékoztató, mint tudományos jellegű írás rövid áttekintést ad a főbb kutatási területekről, az empirikus eredményekre összpontosítva. = “Growth theory is exactly what I want to talk about: for itself, for its achievements, for the gaps that remain to be filled […]” – said Robert M. Solow in 1987, at the beginning of his Nobel Prize Lecture, and this is also the motivation of this paper. The seminal papers of Bob Solow and Trevor Swan, who can be considered the pioneers of modern growth theory, were published 66 years ago, in 1956. The growth literature has been expanding astonishingly since then. This more informative than scientific paper gives a brief survey of the main research areas, focusing on empirical results.
Global Economic Mechanisms and Szeklerland
Authors: Kocsis Lóránt Zsombor
Published: August 2022

This paper identifies the opportunities for development and take-off points by taking into account the operation, processes and basic principles of the global economy. The current economic situation of the region mentioned will be detailed using macroeconomic indicators such as GDP, foreign direct investment, the HDI index and infrastructural networks. It becomes evident that the focus of this paper is a semi-periphery region of a semi-periphery country, which, in addition to the stagnation of the current situation, is inching towards the periphery. It is essential to explore the main routes through which the future development of the region might be reoriented towards a modern and competitive economy in the current global environment. It is therefore not specific solutions, but development paths that this paper outlines. The obvious handicaps are, however, coupled with unique opportunities, such as natural resources, biodiversity, traditions and a strategic geographic location. The free flow of labour, goods and capital has become a cross-border and intertwined reality, and significantly influence the economies of all countries and regions. The migration of capital and the division of labour it results in assign roles to states and global regions. In this capacity, they connect to networks whose micro-interactions outline the entirety of the global economic landscape. The Szeklerland is not an administratively recognised region; it is surrounded by psychological borders, and represents a cultural, ethnic, historical entity based on tradition. Although the push for its recognition is still ongoing, as evidenced by the efforts of representative bodies such as the Minority SafePack initiative for the protection of minorities, global processes and laws still apply to it, influencing both its present and expected future path. Despite the unfavourable historical background that has left its mark on its economic state to a significant extent, thus also shaping the ways in which it attained its current level of development, the region examined possesses significant potential, and with the appropriate measures, the possible future evolution of its economy may give cause for optimism. This, however, may only be accomplished if there is an appropriate infrastructural network underpinning the region, with the aim of ensuring the rapid movement of products, services, high volumes of data, information, the workforce and money. Digitisation plays an important part in this process, yet at the same time, technology transfer and innovation are both indispensable for increasing efficiency.
Növekedési modell új stilizált tényekkel = Growth Model With New Stilized Facts
Authors: Ligeti Zsombor , Zsiros Ádám
Published: August 2022

A 21. században – a 2008–2009-es pénzügyi válságot követően és a jelenlegi COVID-19 világjárvány idején – a gazdasági növekedés különös jelentőséggel bír mind a fejlődő, mind a fejlett országokban. Napjaink növekedési kihívásai azonban a 20. századot jellemző gazdasági és társadalmi összefüggésektől számottevően eltérő környezetben valósulnak meg. Az elmúlt évtizedek makroökonómiai adatai alapján a 20. század közepén megalkotott és széles körben elfogadott stilizált tények felülvizsgálata szükséges. A kutatás új eredménye, hogy három új, a közelmúlt szakirodalmában megjelent stilizált tény – (1) az endogén népességváltozás, az ennek hatásaként megjelenő (2) elöregedő társadalmak és (3) a változó arányú funkcionális jövedelemelosztás – potenciális kvalitatív növekedési hatásait vizsgáljuk tőkeakkumulációs növekedési keretrendszerben szimulációk futtatásával. = In the 21st century, after the financial crisis of 2008-2009 and the current COVID-19 pandemic, the issue of economic growth remains of predominant importance in both developing and developed countries. Based on the last decades’ macroeconomic data, it is necessary to reexamine the stylized facts created – and generally considered to be true or widely accepted – in the middle of the 20th century. The new result of this study is the following: the potential qualitative growth effects of three new stylized facts emerged in recent literature – (1) aging society, (2) endogenous population growth, and (3) varying share of factors income – were investigated in a growth framework by simulations.
Az innováció és az egyenlőtlenség kapcsolata
Authors: Süle Ákos
Published: August 2022

A podcast felvétel során Richard Blundell beszél egy nemrég készült tanulmányáról, ami az innováció és egyenlőtlenség kölcsönhatását fejti ki. Manapság a kormányzatok nagyon bátorítják az innovációt, legyen szó startupokról vagy innovációs központokról (innovation hub), mert a gazdasági fejlődés és növekedés serkentésén túl is sok pozitív hatással bírnak. (...)
George Friedman: Vihar a csönd előtt – Amerika viszontagságai, a 2020-as évek válságai és a győzedelmes jövő
Authors: Szabó Bálint
Published: August 2022

Ahogy az alcímből is kiolvashatjuk, George Friedman szembeszáll azzal a tézissel, miszerint a 21. század az amerikai világhatalmi szerep végét jelentené. A jelenlegi helyzet sok tekintetben nem új, Amerika történelme tele volt válságokkal, azonban sikere mindig annak volt köszönhető, hogy meg tudott újulni, és felül tudta vizsgálni saját politikájának kudarcait. A 2020-as évek Amerikája azonban egy, az eddigieknél nagyobb válsággal néz szembe, a könyvből pedig megérthetjük, hogyan is jutottunk el idáig.
Jason Bordoff and Meghan l. O’Sullivan: Zöld felfordulás: az energia új geopolitikája
Authors: Füredi Anita
Published: August 2022

A tanulmány szerzői a cikkben rávilágítanak arra, hogy az energiaipari változások egy új geopolitikai erőteret hozhatnak majd létre. A környezetet kímélő, tiszta energiára történő átállás, mely a karbonsemlegesség irányába történő előrelépés kritikus forrása, a jövőben jelentős változásokat hozhat többek között technológiai, környezetvédelmi és geopolitikai téren. A klímaváltozás elleni küzdelem hatással lesz a nemzetközi politikai erőviszonyokra, a nemzetközi szinten zajló versenyre, illetve a globalizációra is, és olyan változásokat fog ezeken a területeken kiváltani, melyek átmenetileg komolyabb nehézségeket, konfliktusokat okozhatnak. (...)
Drive Type Virtual Reality - Head Mounted Display
Authors: ogata yoichi
Published: August 2022

I realized a drive type of emission beam generated at the surface by using the excitation of the guided mode in a TiO
2 slanted nanograting layer. In the TiO
2 layer, the beam is waveguided along the short axis direction of the grating at a specific injection angle Θ. On the surface of the layer, a beam consisting of leakage generated during the waveguide is emitted. It would generate an afterimage for the waveguide direction. In this work, I performed incident angle-resolved measurements as a purpose to switch (drive) two after image effects at resonance and non-resonance on after imaging, namely gradient and wave-gradient. If this switching is attained, this grating sample is likely to be effective as a novel coupler on a Virtual Reality – Head Mounted Display (VR-HMD).
Anlisis mtrico de los artculos sobre produccin cientfica del pregrado publicados en revistas estudiantiles latinoamericanas
Authors: Piñera-Castro Hector Julio , Saborit-Rodríguez Adrian
Published: August 2022

Introducción:

En los últimos años, la producción científica estudiantil ha devenido un tópico recurrente en las revistas para estudiantes de Latinoamérica.
Objetivo: Caracterizar los artículos sobre producción científica del pregrado publicados en revistas científicas estudiantiles latinoamericanas en el período 2017-2021.
Métodos: Análisis métrico descriptivo y transversal de 57 artículos procedentes de 21 revistas. Se evaluó el número de artículos, de autores y de citas; los índices de Price, Subramanyan y de colaboración internacional; así como se visualizaron las redes de coautoría y de coocurrencia de términos.
Resultados: Los artículos alcanzaron un promedio de 2 citas y 0,7 citas corregidas. Se observaron altos índices de Price (IP = 0,7) y de Subramanyan (IS = 0,7). El índice de colaboración internacional fue de 0,07.
16 de Abril constituyó la revista más productiva (22,8 %)
. El 2020 marcó un ascenso en el número de artículos. Las cartas al editor fueron las más frecuentes (40,4 %). La totalidad de las contribuciones se publicó en español. El 86 % de los autores fue pequeño productor. La COVID-19 determinó el principal foco emergente de investigación.
Conclusiones:

Se caracterizaron por un bajo número de citaciones y de colaboración internacional; elevados índices de Price y de Subramanyan; un predominio de las cartas al editor como tipología, del español como idioma de publicación y de Cuba como país de procedencia de los firmantes; la ausencia de autores líderes; y la influencia de la COVID-19 sobre el número de artículos y sus temáticas.
Family Responsibilities And Business Commitments Of Nigerian Female Employees In Selected SMEs In Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Kendeikyo Tertsea
Published: August 2022

This study examined the effect of family responsibilities on business commitment by Nigerian female employees in selected small and medium scale enterprises in Benue state. The study specifically examined the effect of increase in family roles, number of children and age of children on business commitment by female employees of SMEs in Benue State. A survey design was adopted for the study. The population consists of 70 staff ofkimbisinternational Hotel, oracle printing press Ltd, steam fast foods, jewel model schools and favourBridasLtd.questionnarairewas used as instrument for datacollection.Descriptivestatistics were used for data presentation and analysis while regression analysis was used for test of hypotheses. Finding of the study revealed that increase in family roles, number of children and age of children have significant effect on business commitment by female employees in selected SMEs in Benue State. The study concludes that the involvement of women in domestic responsibilities affects their level of commitment at work. Recommendations were made amongst others that, female employees should have a balance between their domestic roles and business commitment so that they will be able to show more commitment at workplace.
Percepções de usuários adultos sobre sua não adesão aos cuidados primários de saúde bucal
Authors: Lopes Tarsila Teixeira Vilhena , Souto Bernardino Geraldo Alves
Published: August 2022

Esta pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos, mediante o protocolo CAAE n. 10830012.7.0000.5504, e teve o objetivo levantar e descrever a percepção espontânea de um conjunto de adultos sobre sua não adesão aos cuidados primários de saúde bucal. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo que, em março de 2013, gravou 14 entrevistas feitas por um único entrevistador. Todos os participantes elegíveis e acessíveis foram entrevistados. O critério de elegibilidade foi pessoas de ambos os sexos que tinham mais de 18 anos e haviam faltado sem justificativa a pelo menos três consultas odontológicas ou abandonado o acompanhamento em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família do município de São Carlos, São Paulo. Foi feita análise do conteúdo temático sobre 11 destas entrevistas devido à saturação dos achados a partir da décima primeira e a interpretação das falas se baseou na filosofia humanista-existencial-personalista.  Foram identificadas duas categorias temáticas: Concepções sobre saúde bucal e Práticas de cuidado; a última foi distribuída em duas subcategorias: Medo e Relação profissional-usuário. Encontrou-se que a negligência em relação à atenção odontológica pode ter origem na compreensão da pessoa de que a saúde bucal se restringe à ausência de sintomas dentários, no medo do tratamento e numa postura profissional menos afeita ao cuidado centrado na pessoa. Portanto, é necessário que o processo de cuidado considere a saúde bucal contextualizada no indivíduo em seu ambiente de crenças e percepções, e articule este contexto no projeto terapêutico.
On the prospects for the use of undenatured type II collagen in the treatment of osteoarthritis and other joint diseases
Authors: Gromova O. A. , Torshin I. Yu. , Lila A. M. , Shavlovskaya O. A.
Published: August 2022

Standardized extracts of undenatured type II collagen (UC-II) are used as alternative approaches to the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). The effect of UC-II extracts is associated with the modulation of the mechanisms of innate and acquired immunity, a decrease in the activity of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins. Epitopes of native collagen in the structure of UC-II contribute to a decrease in the activity of autoimmune reactions that stimulate cartilage degradation. Interacting with discoidin receptors, UC-II accelerates the reconstruction of cartilage connective tissue and inhibits the pro-inflammatory effects of endogenous collagens. Experimental and clinical studies confirm the effectiveness of the use of standardized substances UC-II for acceleration of cartilage regeneration and reduce pain in OA and subclinical joint dysfunction.
Lornoxicam in the treatment of acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Polishchuk E. Yu. , Karateev A. E.
Published: August 2022

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most commonly used type of drugs in the world and are prescribed for a wide range of indications, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, other diseases of the musculoskeletal system and soft tissues, as well as for the relief of postoperative pain. It is well known that the use of NSAIDs is associated with the risk of gastrointestinal (GIT), cardiovascular (CVS) and kidneys complications. Lornoxicam belongs to the NSAIDs of the oxicam class and is a balanced inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms – COX1 and COX2 – and differs from other oxicams in its rapid onset of action, high elimination rate. The drug is characterized by a pronounced analgesic effect and a favorable safety profile both in relation to the gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system, does not require dose adjustment in patients over 65 years of age.
The role of polymorphisms rs12218 of the SAA1 gene, rs1205 of the CRP gene, and rs7574865 of the STAT4 gene in the formation of predisposition to panniculitis in the Russian cohort of patients (pilot study)
Authors: Krylov M. Yu. , Egorova O. N. , Konovalova N. V. , Varlamov D. A.
Published: August 2022

Objective: to study the role of SAA1, CRP and STAT4 gene polymorphisms in the development of panniculitis (PN) and their relationship with clinical and laboratory parameters in the Russian cohort of patients.Patients and methods. The study included 74 patients (67 women and 7 men aged 15 to 76 years) with diagnosis of PN. In addition to the general clinical examination, immunological and histological studies, computed tomography of the chest, and tuberculin tests were performed. For genetic study, two groups of patients were formed: with septal PN (SPN, n=26), represented by erythema nodosum (EN) and with lobular PN (LPN, n=48), including predominantly with idiopathic LPN (iLPN, n= 18) and other rare variants (n=30). As a control, the results of DNA genotyping of 142 healthy non-related individuals were used. Genotyping of polymorphisms rs12218 of the SAA1 gene, rs1205 of the CRP gene, and rs7574865 of the STAT4 gene was performed by the allele-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results and discussion. Significant differences were found between the groups in terms of age and duration of the disease. Patients with SPN were younger than those with LPN (p=0.013), had a shorter duration of the disease (p=0.001), and a lower ESR (p=0.001). Carriers of the TT genotype of the SAA1 gene polymorphism were twice as likely to develop LPN as compared to controls (odds ratio, OR 2.25; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.04–4.87; p=0.038), and this genotype was regarded as a risk factor. For patients with SPN, a significant risk factor was identified in the form of carriage of the mutant TT genotype of the CRP gene polymorphism. This genotype increased the predisposition to the development of EN by 4 times compared with the control (OR 4.39; 95% CI 1.26–14.11; p=0.009). There was a 6-fold increase in the risk of developing EN in carriers of the TT mutant genotype and the T allele of the STAT4 gene polymorphism compared with the control (OR 5.89; 95% CI 1.14–31.75; p=0.016 and OR 2.07; 95 % CI 0.99–4.19, p=0.030, respectively). Comparison of the frequencies of the T allele of the SAA1 gene polymorphism in the groups with EN and with iLPN revealed a higher frequency of the SAA1TT genotype and the SAA1T allele in iLPN than in EN (66.7 and 26.9%, p=0.066; 88.5 and 55.8 %, p=0.016, respectively).Conclusion. The present study confirms the involvement of genetic factors, in addition to generally recognized environmental factors, in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of adipose tissue. Polymorphisms of the SAA1, CRP, and STAT4 genes play a role in the formation of a genetic predisposition to the main clinical phenotypes of PN.
Interstitial lung disease associated with systemic sclerosis in a patient with long-term employment as a marble worker
Authors: Chinova A. A. , Zatsepina M. N. , Ponomareva L. A. , Popova E. N. , Moiseev S. V.
Published: August 2022

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a disease characterized by vasculopathy, fibrosis of the skin and internal organs, most often complicated by interstitial lung disease (ILD). The incidence of SSc reaches 20 cases per 1 million population per year, while changes in the lungs are found in more than half of patients and are characterized by a rapid increase in fibrosis, poorly controlled respiratory failure, and an unfavorable prognosis. It is important to trace the features of the formation and course of ILD and its relationship with occupational hazards in patients diagnosed with SSc. Dust pathology of the respiratory organs (chronic dust bronchitis and silicosis) is most typical for people with long work experience in mining. Silicosis in these patients may be accompanied by SSc with rapid progression of bronchial obstruction, restrictive disorders, as well as myocardial involvement and the development of pulmonary hypertension.
O público, o privado e o comunitário: Novas categorias administrativas para as escolas brasileiras e a disputa pelo fundo público na educação
Authors: Adrião Theresa , Portela de Oliveira Romualdo , Mocarzel Marcelo
Published: August 2022

O artigo discute importante mudança na Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional brasileira, ocorrida por meio da Lei Federal 13.868/2019, que desenquadrou as instituições de ensino comunitárias da categoria das instituições privadas, criando uma nova categorização ao lado das escolas públicas e privadas, as comunitárias, ao mesmo tempo que omite explicitar a existência de escolas privadas de natureza lucrativa. Buscou-se, por meio de análise documental, tendo como fontes a legislação e a historiografia da educação brasileira, apontar os atores por trás desta mudança e suas possíveis consequências, sobretudo a indução de políticas privatistas no que tange à divisão do fundo público.
Automated Evaluation of Handwritten Answer Script Using Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Rahaman Md. Afzalur , Mahmud Hasan
Published: August 2022

Automatic Essay Grading (AEG) is one of the exciting research topics in the field of adopting technology in education. In the education system assessment of student’s answer script is a critical job of teachers; yet doing so consumes a significant amount of their time and prevents them from working on other tasks. In addition, evaluating a large number of exam scripts is error-prone, inefficient, and tedious. Natural Language Processing (NLP), has created such an opportunity to make the computer learn about written text data and make important decisions based on the learned model. Similarly, it is possible to make a computer be able to assess an answering script based on the model used to train our computer to learn about answers to predefined short questions. In this paper, we propose a deep learning architecture with a combination of Con- volutional Neural Network (CNN) and Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (BiLSTM) which has the ability to perform both handwritten answers recogni- tion and grading them as accurately as a human expert grader.
Numerical investigation on the laminar combustion characteristics of primary reference fuel: the effects of elevated temperatures and pressures
Authors: Jin Tao , Shi Ji-cheng , Dong Wen-long , Hu Jia-long , Chu Hua-qiang
Published: August 2022

The one-dimensional premixed laminar freely propagating flame was used to numerically simulate the laminar combustion characteristics of primary reference fuel (PRF). The equivalence ratios are set as 0.7–1.5 at initial temperatures of 298, 358, and 403 K, initial pressures of 1, 2, and 5 atm. Laminar burning velocity (LBV), adiabatic flame temperature (AFT) and mole fractions of H, CO, CO2, C2H4 at Φ = 1.0 are investigated. Meanwhile, temperature sensitivity, rate of production (ROP) and reaction pathway are analyzed. The results show that LBV and AFT decrease with n-heptane doping ratios increasing. With the increase of initial temperatures, the LBV and AFT increase. With the increase of initial pressures, the LBV decreases, while AFT increases slightly. Through temperature sensitivity analysis, it can be found that R1 H + O2 ⇔ O + OH and R97 OH + CO⇔ H + CO2 are main exothermic reactions. R12 H + OH + M ⇔ H2O + M and R56 H + CH3(+M) ⇔ CH4(+M) are major endothermic reactions. n-Heptane is decomposed into C2H4 and C2H3, and iso-octane is decomposed into CH3, CH3O, and CH2O. These small molecule species are further oxidized to generate HCO, which is finally changed into CO2.
Counseling pregnant women on calcium: effects on calcium intake
Authors: Willemse Jessica P.M.M. , Smits Luc J.M. , Braat Mandy M.E. , Meertens Linda J.E. , van Montfort Pim , van Dongen Martien C. , Ellerbrock Jonas , van Dooren Ivo M.A. , Duvekot Ella. J. , Zwaan Iris M. , Spaanderman Marc E.A. , Scheepers Hubertina C.J.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of incorporating calcium advice into early pregnancy counseling on calcium intake during pregnancy in the Netherlands.

Methods

A multicenter prospective before-after cohort study was conducted introducing risk-based care including calculating individual pre-eclampsia risk. Part of the intervention was to incorporate calcium advice into routine counseling. We calculated individual daily calcium intake and adequacy of calcium intake (≥1,000 mg/day) at 16, 24 and 34 weeks of pregnancy. We performed a multiple logistic regression adjusting for covariates to identify any differences in the risk of inadequate calcium intake between RC and CAC.

Results

In regular care (RC, 2013–2015, n=2,477) 60% had inadequate calcium intake, compared to 49% during calcium advice care (CAC, 2017–2018, n=774) (aOR 0.75, 95% CI 0.64–0.88). Specific calcium supplements were used by 2% and 29% in RC and CAC, respectively (OR 25.1, 95% CI 17.8–36.0). Determinants of an inadequate calcium intake were lower age (aOR per additional year 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94–0.98), nulliparity (aOR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03–1.45) and non-Caucasian origin (aOR 1.83, 95% CI 1.09–3.09). In CAC, risk of inadequate intake decreased with increasing predicted pre-eclampsia risk, which was a trend reversal compared to RC.

Conclusions

Incorporating calcium advice into early pregnancy counseling was shown to lead to a decrease in the risk of inadequate calcium intake during pregnancy, but still inadequate intake in half of the women suggesting the need for further study on improving implementation. Awareness of individual increased PE risk had positive effect on calcium intake.
Okinawa’s Unsettled Membership in Japan
Authors: Vogt Gabriele
Published: August 2022

In 2022, the 50th anniversary of Okinawa’s reversion to Japan from postwar US control was commemorated. To many Okinawans, however, this was no reason for celebration. Seventy percent of the US military deployed in Japan is stationed in Okinawa, and protests by citizens and local and prefectural-level politicians against this persisting imbalance have persisted for decades. As their demands continue to be neglected by the national government in Tokyo, many Okinawans question the quality of their membership in the Japanese nation-state.
A Season of Youth in Timor-Leste
Authors: Kammen Douglas
Published: August 2022

Twenty years after gaining independence, following a violent exit from Indonesian rule that succeeded centuries of Portuguese imperial neglect, Asia’s youngest country is thriving in some ways and struggling in others. Its democracy is vibrant, yet power remains in the hands of an aging cohort of former anticolonial fighters. Rich oil and gas deposits have funded a growing state budget, but there are not enough jobs for the youthful population.
China’s Booming Fiction Industry
Authors: Hockx Michel
Published: August 2022

China’s literary scene has taken off online: millions of novels are being published, catering to strong demand for an array of genres. A new book is a guide to the breadth of this booming market, going beyond the usual foreign focus on dissident literature.
Temporomandibular rahatsızlık alt grupları ve bruksizmin kulak çınlaması ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi
Authors: BAL Burcu , SARAK Gözde , ORAL Koray
Published: August 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, kulak çınlamasının temporomandibular rahatsızlıkların (TMR) alt grupları ve bruksizm ilişkisini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Yüz Ağrıları ve Çene eklem rahatsızlıkları kliniğine art arda gelen hastaların kayıtları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Temporomandibular Düzensizlikler için Araştırma Tanı Kriterleri kullanılarak TMR tanısı, ağız içi bulguların incelenmesi ile bruksizm tanısı konuldu. Grupların oranlarını karşılaştırmak için Ki-Kare ve Fisher'in kesin testi kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Temporomandibular rahatsızlık teşhisi konan bireylerde tüm tanı grupları ile kulak çınlaması arasındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmadı (p>0,05). Bruksizm tanısı konan bireylerde kulak çınlaması istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu (p<0,05).
Sonuç: Bruksizm ile kulak çınlaması arasında ilişki görülmüştür. Kulak çınlaması olan bireylerde bruksizm varlığı göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır.
ALZHEİMER HASTALIĞI İLE PERİODONTAL HASTALIKLAR ARASINDA BİR İLİŞKİ OLABİLİR Mİ?
Authors: OLUKPINAR GENÇ Beyza , KADİR Tanju
Published: August 2022

Alzheimer hastalığı (AH), antimikrobiyal peptit olarak bilinen β-amiloid birikimi ve anormal şekilde fosforile tau proteinlerinden oluşan nörofibriler yumakların varlığı ile karakterize nöroinflamatuar ve nörodejeneratif bir hastalık olarak tanımlanır. Periodontal hastalığın patogenezinde rol oynayan Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) AH ile ilişkili önemli bakteriyel patojenden biri olarak kabul edilmiştir. Ağız boşluğunda bulunan bu bakteriye ait metabolik yan ürünlerinin ağız boşluğunun ötesinde bağışıklık sistemini aktive edebildiği böylece sistemik koşulların gelişimini teşvik edebildiği gözlenmiştir. Artan sayıda yapılan çalışmalar P. gingivalis'in beyin kolonizasyonunun inflamatuar ve dejeneratif durumu birbirine bağlayabileceğini bildirmiştir. AH'li kişilerin beyinlerinden alınan otopsi örneklerinde ve beyin omurilik sıvılarında P. gingivalis infiltrasyonunun varlığı tespit edilmiştir. P. gingivalis tarafından üretilen proteaz sınıfı olan gingipainlerin AH'li bireylerin beyinlerinden alınan örneklerde nöronlar, tau yumakları ve β-amiloid ile ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Yerleşik beyin enfeksiyonları olan farelere oral yoldan verilen gingipain inhibitörlerinin beyindeki P. gingivalis DNA bolluğunu ve bakteri enfeksiyonunun nörotoksik etkilerini azalttığı bildirilmiştir. Dolayısıyla gingipain inhibisyonu hem periodontitis hem de AH'nın tedavisine potansiyel bir yaklaşım sağlayabildiği düşünülmüştür. Bu derlemenin amacı, periodontal hastalık ile Alzheimer hastalığı ve demans arasında nedensel bir ilişki olasılığını değerlendirmek ve literatürlerdeki daha fazla araştırma gerektiren temel boşlukları belirlemek olmuştur.
Renewable thermoplastics – Starch fatty acid esters as alternatives to synthetics
Authors: Hermann Peggy , Heinze Thomas
Published: August 2022

Thermoplastics are an important class of polymers that find widespread use in a broad variety of applications. Because of environmental concerns regarding the lack of biodegradability of synthetic thermoplastics, green alternatives are increasingly studied that should be both based on renewable resources and biodegradable. In this regard, polysaccharide esters of naturally occurring fatty acids are in the center of interest.
Effects of strands geometry on the physical and mechanical properties of oriented strand boards (OSBs) made from black spruce and trembling aspen
Authors: Zhuang Biaorong , Cloutier Alain , Koubaa Ahmed
Published: August 2022

Black spruce is widely used for lumber production in Eastern Canada, and it has the potential to replace trembling aspen and paper birch for oriented strand board (OSB) manufacturing. This study evaluated the bending modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR), the internal bond (IB), and the thickness swelling (TS) of OSB panels made from black spruce and trembling aspen strands and how they were affected by strand geometry. All the panels met the CSA O437 (1993) standard for class O-2 properties except for the TS. The strand thickness had a significantly negative effect on the bending properties but a significantly positive effect on the IB and TS properties. The strand length had a significantly positive effect on the parallel bending properties but a significantly negative effect on the perpendicular bending properties and the IB, except for the TS. The OSB panels made from aspen obtained better bending properties, while the IB and TS properties were lower than those of the OSB black spruce panels. The results indicate that black spruce strands obtained from the Eastern Canadian softwood lumber industry are suitable for OSB production, but more work is required to reduce the TS.