bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Non-Linear Dynamics Correcting Mechanism of Complex Products and System
Authors: Lai Chao An , Li Bin Bin , Zhou Zhi Xia
Published: June 2010

The technology composition and system architecture of complex products and system (CoPS) is very sophisticated, and the success rate of CoPS development is low. A system-based model for optimal design of CoPS was presented with system dynamics (SD) as the study framework, and Rough Set (RS) theory was used to analysis the structure of feedback loops in causality graph of CoPS, so as to find non-linear dynamics correcting mechanism of CoPS, which can assist inexperienced users to perform simulation analysis for quality and reliability improvement, alternative design evaluation and modularity assessment, thus helping to enhance robustness of CoPS at the design stage and increase the success rate. This paper showed the practical application with a simulation case at last.
Analysis of Aging-Related Problems of Wood Residues Composite
Authors: Sun Yue , Xiao Sheng Ling , Yang Li Li
Published: June 2010

The anti-aging property of wood residues composite is an important indicator for measuring the service performance of products. And the aging problems of these composite materials have attracted more and more attention from people. So we had a research on such problems. By means of experiments, this paper analyzed the reasons for the aging of wood residues composite. Through contrast experimental methods, we analyzed the way to accelerate the aging of them. At last, we adopted the 6-cycle accelerated aging method of ASTM D1037and the aging instrument detecting method according to their characteristics and available experimental conditions. Based on actual conditions, we analyzed the aging factors of wood residues composite such as temperature, humidity, specimen size ,surface decoration and so on.
Development of Comfort Solar Clothing
Authors: Wang Xiu Chen , Liu Zhe
Published: June 2010

Aiming at current environmental condition of energy shortage and excessive emission, this paper presents the development of solar energy clothing on human comfort. In this clothing, solar flexible materials are made into appropriate part of garment. In ensuring the comfort of human, this garment can accumulate solar energy, safely output stable current. So this clothing has the function of providing power. After a number of experiments and analysis, this clothing is proved that it has convenient, practical, favorable environment, and comfort for human.
Water Quality Evaluation Based on Multiclass Fuzzy Support Vector Machine
Authors: Zhao Wei Guo , Wang Li Ying
Published: June 2010

It has been a more complex problem for water quality assessment. And its aim is to well and truly evaluate its degree of pollution for bodies of water, which will be easy to provide some principled projects and criterions for water resource’s protection and their integration application. So, a water quality assessment method based on Multiclass Fuzzy Support Vector Machine is put forward. and a two-step cross-validation was used to search for the best combination of parameters to obtain an optimal training model. The test results show that the method proposed in this paper has an excellent performance on correct ratio compared to BP. It indicated that the performance of the proposed model is practically feasible in the application of water quality assessment.
Speciation Analysis of Heavy Metals of Core Amuta Sediments in Lianhua Lake
Authors: Xuan Fu Hua , Zang Shu Ying
Published: June 2010

The BCR-SEP method was used to determine the binding forms of heavy metals in Amuta Lake(AMT) in this paper. The chemical forms of heavy metals, namely extractable fractions or valid fractions, including exchangeable-carbonate fraction, Fe-Mn oxide fraction and Organic-sulfide fraction .The results of the partitioning study indicated that in the core AMT sediments, Cr, Fe and Ni are mainly associated with the residue fraction, Cu is mainly concentrated in the Fe–Mn oxide fractions and residue fraction, Mn is concentrated in the exchangeable-carbonate fraction and residue fraction. Zn is concentrated in organic-sulﬁde fraction and residue fraction.
Design of Gamma Energy Spectrometer Based on the Technology of LabVIEW and Bluetooth
Authors: Yuan Fang , Li Yue Zhong , Xie Li Yi
Published: June 2010

This paper introduced the design of gamma energy spectrometer by technology of LabVIEW and Bluetooth. The hardware of system included portable gamma energy spectrometer, Bluetooth module and PC. The software of system included the composed of acquisition system by the MCU and analysis system by PC.The design of acquisition system included the design of main program, liquid crystal display module, keyboard module, Bluetooth communication module and data acquisition module. The design of analysis system included the design of serial communication module, data storage module and data processing module. Practice shows that the energy spectrometer has a user-friendly, flexible, low cost, easy to expand and good performance.
Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Bacillus subtilis WD23 Exhibiting Laccase Activity from Forest Soil
Authors: Wang Chun Lei , Zhao Min , Li De Bin , Cui Dai Zong , Yang Hong Yi , Lu Lei , Wei Xing Dong
Published: June 2010

The strain Bacillus sp. WD23 exhibiting laccase activity was screened from forest soil. The M9 medium containing Cu2+ was used for enriching and isolating bacterial strains capable of oxidizing syringaldazine (SGZ). One isolated strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis WD23 based on the results of physiological and biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The strain WD23 could grow at temperatures ranging from 20 to 55°C and showed optimum growth temperature and pH at 25°C and 7.0, respectively. The sporulation rate of the strain clearly correlated well with the laccase activity. The temperature half-life of the spore laccase was 2.5 h at 80°C and the pH half-life was 15 d at pH 9.0. Its spore laccase could decolorized 50~90% of Remazol brilliant blue R (RBBR), alizarin red, congo red, methyl orange and methyl violet, which suggests the potential application of spore laccase in dyestuff treatment.
Study on Modification and Phosphorus-Adsorption Capacity of Zeolite
Authors: Sun Xing Bin , Han Jin Zhu
Published: June 2010

Zeolite is a kind of normal adsorber. Unfortunately the adsorption capacity of natural zeolite is low, it must be activated on behalf of reaching a higher adsorption capacity. On this condition, removal of phosphorus through modifying zeolite has been studied in lab scale through using a mechanically stirred batch system. The results showed that the adsorption isotherm of modified zeolite conformed to Freundlich model and the rate of adsorption conformed to Banerm equation.
Decomposition of Water Hyacinth Mulch in a Vegetable Plot in Shanghai
Authors: Xu Da Yong
Published: June 2010

Mulching is considered as a simplest utilization of water hyacinth. In this study, a field experiment using the litterbag method was conducted on the decomposition of the water hyacinth mulch under vegetable plot conditions. Mulch mass losses and changes in nutrient and C/N ratio were measured over 100 days to determine the effects of mulch characteristics on decomposition and nutrient concentration in the remaining mulches. The remaining mass after 100 days decomposed on the vegetable plot was 45.4%, 9.4% and 0.0% to the initial mass of the root, stem and leaf, respectively. Water hyacinth leaf recorded the highest decomposition rate 0.1538 day-1 7 times greater than stem, with stem 0.0217 day-1 but significantly greater than root 0.0072 day-1. The time taken for 95% mass loss varied with mulches. Root took 403 days, stem took 130 days and leaf took 36 days, respectively. The remaining N of leaf mulch decreased with decomposition time. On the other hand, the remaining N of root and stem showed three phases: decreased (reaching 42.0% and 26.2%), increased (reaching 44.8% and 26.5%) and decreased again (reaching 32.5% and 8.0% of the initial N content of the root and stem). The remaining P of stem and leaf declined continuously from the beginning to the end of the study. The dynamic of the P of root can be divided into two phases. In the end of the experiment the C/N ratio was 25.5, 24.7 and 19.4 of the root, stem and leaf, respectively. The results demonstrated that the leaf decay first and the root can last for more than 1 year during the water hyacinth mulch decomposition, this may be good for the soil nutrient cycling and moisture conserving under vegetable plot.
The Phosphorus-Adsorption Capacity and Influencing Factors Study of Zeolite
Authors: Sun Xing Bin , Han Jin Zhu
Published: June 2010

Because of the poor phosphorus removal of nature zeolite, the best modification method was prepared as follows : First, natural zeolite was soaked in 1mol/L NaOH solution on dynamic condition at 35°C for 1 hour. After washed with deionied water, it was soaked in 20% MgCl2 solution on dynamic condition at 35°C for 48h, then was roasted at 500°C in a muffle furnace for 3h and in the end cooled to normal temperature.Based on this, the capacity of the modified zeolites was studied under different conditions of contact time, dosage and temperature in order to examine dephophorization ability of modified zeolite. The results from batch experiment suggest that the modified zeolite has a more P sorption capacity possibly due to the hydrated magnesium on or in the modified zeolite.
Synthesis of SBA-15 under Normal Pressure by Microwave Irradiation Method for Adsorption of Pb(II) in Environment
Authors: Liu Yan , Wang Yun , Zhang Xiao Jie , Xie Ji Min , Yan Yong Sheng
Published: June 2010

Mesoporous silica SBA-15 has been prepared rapidly under normal pressure by microwave irradiation method. The textural properties were studied by low-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption. The optimum adsorption conditions of Pb(Ⅱ) on SBA-15 was investigated. The results show that the adsorption kinetics follows a pseudo-second-order rate model and the experimental equilibrium data is fitted well by Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption capacity reaches 50.10 mg•g-1 which is much higher than that of hydrothermal synthesized samples. This adsorbent has been applied in the determination of Pb(Ⅱ) in river sediments samples.
The Use of Surfactant in the Treatment of Oily Sludge
Authors: Jing Guo Lin , Li Ming , Qin Shao Peng
Published: June 2010

Oily sludge is the solid being discarded or the oily sludge material. Oily sludge mainly comes from human activities in Petroleum Production and sales. In the development and utilization of oil and manufacture of petroleum products, would inevitably product oily waste. In order to achieve thermo chemistry to wash oily sludge and reclaim oil resources from oily sludge, analyzing component of landing oil sludge with Gravimetric Method, the result of analysis is necessary parameter that determine oily sludge cleaning process. The optimal mixing time, washing temperature, liquid/solid mass rate were determined based upon residual oil rate.
Performance on Organic Pollution Removal of O3-IBAC in Advanced Drinking Water Treatment
Authors: Pang Chang Long , Ma Fang , Wang Li , Wei Li
Published: June 2010

Conventional drinking water treatment has low removal efficiencies for micro-organic pollutants, which made it important to study new technologies of water treatment. The purification efficiency and mechanisms of micro polluted drinking water by Ozone/Immobilized Biological Activated Carbon (O3/IBAC) was investigated. The GAC (Granular Activated Carbon) has become IBAC by using the twelve strains of efficient engineering bacterium. A GC/MS analysis revealed that conventional treatment processes could not remove micro-organic pollutants efficiently. The O3-IBAC has a high performance of the organic pollutants removal. 16 kinds of the organic pollutants have been removed completely after the process of IBAC, and the variety of the typical toxic pollutants has decreased from 6 to 2. The amount of the total organic pollutants of the IBAC effluent has decreased 89.7% while that in the conventional treatment effluent was less than 40%. The safety and health of drinking water can be ensured by the O3-IBAC process.
Dynamic Environmental Management Modeling of the State-Owned Forest Tenure: A Case in Yichun of Heilongjiang Province
Authors: Han Wei , Wan Zhi Fang
Published: June 2010

In accordance to the particularity of the state-owned forest, this paper researched feasible management models of property rights in different stages of economic environment, and proposed management models and development models of optimal property rights of Yichun state-owned forest at present, in allusion to forestry property rights trading markets in Yichun and non-normative economic environment under faulty government regime, to provide the decision-making an reference for the further reform on the Yichun state-owned forest tenure in Heilongjiang province.
The Research on the Field Soil Salinity Environment Change with Different Drip Irrigation Years
Authors: Wang Zhen Hua , Zheng Xu Rong , Lei Cheng Xia , Li Zhao Yang
Published: June 2010

With the increasion of the application years under-mulch drip irrigation, the field soil salinity environment change and its influence on the crops cause the concern. To choose the field close and continuously apply under-mulch drip irrigation about 2-14 and the cotton field 8 pieces in order to monitor soil salinity variation.The results initially show that :the soil of inner mulch with 0-20cm soil desalts,from40cm to 80cm accumulates salt; between the mulch bare land the soil salinity on the surface assembles,above the 60cm the soil salinity accumulates,below the 100cm the soil salinity is close to the inner mulch.The soil salinity content within four drip irrigation years is relatively high, is comparatively low over 6 drip irrigation years,the field salinity environment is relatively good.From 0 to 40cm the soil salinity content decreases with the drip irrigation years increases at the end of the growth process; from 60 to 100cm the accumulated salinity with the drip irrigation four years is highest.Suggest enlarging the salinity regulation dynamics within 6 drip irrigation years.
Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds Emit from Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba linn)
Authors: Li De Wen , Shi Yi , He Xing Yuan , Chi Guang Yu , Huang Wei
Published: June 2010

Emission rate of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) released by ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba linn) was estimated from May to October 2007 in Shenyang, China. The released volatiles were collected from branches enclosed in sampling bags onto cartridges filled with Tenax-TA / Carboxen 1000 / Carbosieve SIII, and then quantified by thermal desorption gas chromatography. Isoprene was the main BVOC emitted from ginkgo in May and almost half BVOC emission was limonene during the period (from June to October). The BVOC emission rate increased from May, and reached maximum 42.21 μg g-1 dw h-1 in mid-June, then decreased quickly. Moreover, our study showed that the diurnal change of BVOC emission rate reached its maximum 32.31 µg•g-1dw•h-1 at 9:00 am, and 89.4% of the total emission was limonene. The emissions of isoprene and ocimene were correlated to both temperature (p<0.05) and light level (p<0.05).
The Dominant Factor Analysis of Dynamic Shear Modulus of Poplar LVL Based on Grey Theory
Authors: Li Feng , Hu Ying Cheng
Published: June 2010

Wood is one kind of natural renewable eco-material. Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) is an engineered wood product made from veneers glued together with parallelly oriented grains under heat and pressure. This paper designed Poplar LVL production experiments under different process conditions, and measured the mechanical properties of poplar LVL specimens under different experimental conditions. In this study, grey theory was used to analyze the influences of different production processes on the mechanical properties, such as press duration, press temperature, pressure and adhesive spread. The results showed that, it is feasible that grey theory is used to analyze the influence level of production technology of poplar LVL on the mechanical properties. So this paper offered a new method to analyze and design the production technology of LVL.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Power Quality Based on the Method of Entropy Weight and Interval Number Approximation
Authors: Jia Zheng Yuan , Zhao Liang
Published: June 2010

It has been an inevitable requirement of taking a comprehensive evaluation for the power quality in the development process of electricity market. In the paper, it carried out an interval determination for the indicator data of power quality by the interval number estimation and defined each indicator weight by the entropy theory. Also it established an integral decision-making model of the interval number approximation. Then they made the all evaluation method more objective. The empirical shows that it can carry on a comprehensive evaluation for the power quality in the different periods by the evaluation method based on the entropy weight and interval number approximation, and it has a great practicality and feasibility.
Microbial Diversity Analysis of Reservoirs after Polymer Flooding in Daqing Oil Field at the Earlier Stage of Microbial Profile Modification
Authors: Huang Yong Hong , Ren Guo Ling , Yuan Hong Mei , Wei Li , Wu Xiao Lin , Song Kao Ping
Published: June 2010

To gain a better understanding of the mechanism and technology of microbial enhanced oil recovery, microbial community structure and diversity of reservoirs after polymer flooding in Daqing oil field at the Earlier Stage of microbial profile modification were studied. 16S rDNA gene clone library was used to assess the structure and diversity of microbial community. The results showed that the dominant microbes of the earlier stage of microbial profile modification are uncultured bacterium, comprising 88.6% of library clones. The cultured strains are composed of Epsilonproteobacteria(5.7%) , Gammaproteobacteria(4.7%) and Firmicutes (1%). Among the Epsilonproteobacteria, Sulfuricurvum accounts for 4.7% of the cultured strains of library clones and Arcobacter accounts for 1%. Besides, the dominant communities also include Pseudomonas and Moorella.
Study on Water Source Emergency Protection in an Active Mode in China
Authors: Zhang Xin Xi , Ding Lei , Wang Ming Ming , Hu Xiao Bing , Deng Hui Ping
Published: June 2010

In order to build an emergency system for emergency accident of water pollution, the technological ideology of active emergency protection was put forward. The fixed point pollution source was taken as the study object and the diffusion model of water was used to set up the new method of water resource protection area division in active mode. Based on this new method, the water protection system with active control was built and the roles of different government departments in this system were given. The various active control technologies, such as storage tank for emergency accident, zero discharge, etc, discussed in this paper will help to water pollution control for emergency accident. The active mode method provides reference for water resources management.
Study on the Alage Removal by Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Xie Qing Jie
Published: June 2010

The microwave irradiation (MI) was found that it had significantly treatment efficiency for pollutants removal. It was developed to treat the alage in this paper. The granular activated carbon (GAC) was used as catalyst. The effect of the acting time, MI power, GAC amount and the initial concentration on alage removal were studied. The results showed: with the increasing of the acting time, MI power, GAC amount the alage removal rate were increased, but the effect of the initial concentration to alage removal was opposite; the optimum value of acting time, MI power and GAC amount were 5min, 450W and 3g respectively with the alage removal efficiency reached up to 100%. It also showed that with the alage removed under the MI the COD, SS were removed too. It was discovered that the oxidation process was basically in conformity with the first-order dynamic reaction(ln(C/C0)＝-0.9371t+0.6744（R2=0.9472）).
Analyzing the Implement of Whirling Clarification Technique in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Tong Zhen Gong
Published: June 2010

The Micro-Whirling Coagulation process whose core is the Micro-whirling reactor is the key to the Whirling Clarification technique. The Micro-whirling reactor and its working mechanism which is whirling-coagulation and contact-flocculation are illustrated in this paper. Also it tells us the application on clarification tank in one wastewater reuse plant of BAOSTEEL. After being alteration to the standard clarification tank which is put the Micro-whirling reactor into the first and second flocculation area and put the inclined pipes into the sedimentation area, the treatment scale of the whirling clarification tank is increased, the effluent turbidity of the tank is lower than 3 NTU, the effluent turbidity of finished water is lower than 1 NTU and the investment of per ton micro-whirling water is lower 35 yuan RMB. The paper argues that in comparison to other coagulation reactors, Micro-whirling reactor deserves widely application for its various advantages, such as its higher coagulation efficiency, shorter reactivity time, better quality of finished water, stronger adaptive capability, more conveniences in construction and the like.
Crosslinked Carboxymethyl Modified Starch for Treatment of Heavy Metals Water by Technique of Chelating-Ultrafiltration
Authors: Wang Ting , Song Ye , Li Bin , Zhou Xiao Guang
Published: June 2010

Crosslinked carboxymethyl modified starch (CCMS) was prepared by chemical modification of nature cornstarch. This modified degradable polymer had turned out to be a strong ability to chelate heavy metal ions. Using the instrument of microwave plasma torch atomic emission spectrometer(MPT-AES), 20.00 mg/L of Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd were detected under the Sewage Discharge Standards requirements after adding 90, 154, 86, 70, 546mg/L of CCMS respectively. The separation of the heavy metal ions and CCMS solutions were used the technique of ultrafiltration, with a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 50000. By the same treatment, the chelating sequence of the heavy metals were also measured and decreased in the order of Pb>Cu>Cd>Zn>Ni.
Water-Scenery Plan with Rainwater Harvested in Urban Residential Subdivision
Authors: Li Hai Yan , Huang Yan
Published: June 2010

Much water body running in urban residential subdivisions in China is not successful, and deteriorated water and bad scenery happened frequently in rainy seasons. The main purpose of this study is to recommend a feasible water scenery planning program in urban residential subdivisions construction to improve water quality. Based on the detailed analyses, the main reasons of unsuccessful water running might lie in sustainable water resource shortage, improper water scale, water body structure, and subsequent weak self-purification ability. A feasible planning program was recommended, and a case design based on this program was presented. It is concluded that rainwater is a promising sustainable water resource to maintain water body. Such general planning as water scenery layout and scale, water balance analysis are main aspects in the water body construction design. If the results obtained in this study were extendedly applied, the water scenery in residential subdivision could be improved successfully.
The Compounds Study of Waste PC Main-Board Pyrolysis
Authors: Guan Jie , Xu Min , Chen Sheng Wen , My Zhou , Su Li
Published: June 2010

This paper has an explicit exposition on the study of waste PC-Main Board recycling by pyrolysis approach. The decomposing of PC-Main Board is completed above 400°C. For PC main boards around 77% solid residual (pyro-solid), 9 % pyro-oil and 14% pyro-gas were produced after the pyrolysis.The volatile detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (PY-GC-MS) and the results indicated that:1) No significant influence of temperature on the products were observed over 400°C, only with the increase of temperature the small molecules volatile substance became a little high. 2) The characteristic pyrolysis products contained high concentrations of phenol, brom- phenol, while bisphenol A, tetrabromobisphenol A, methyl phenols, C1-C4 alkanes and alkanes were present.
Properties of Highly Filled Composites of Wood Flour and Recycled HDPE Prepared by Extrusion
Authors: Li Ze Wen , Wang Qing Wen , Gao Hua
Published: June 2010

As a new strategy to effectively use wood and plastic wastes, composites of high content wood flour (WF) and recycled high density polyethylene (RHDPE), with and without maleic anhydride polyethylene (MAPE) as compatibilizer, were prepared by direct extrusion using a twin-screw/single- screw extruder system. The effects of MAPE on the properties of composite were investigated by mechanical tests, torque rheological analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results demonstrated that MAPE greatly improved the mechanical properties of the prepared WF/RHDPE composites. This was attributed to the strong improvement effects of MAPE on the interfacial interaction of the composites, as was confirmed by the torque rheological and SEM analysis. According to the DSC results, composites with 60% WF content show lower crystallinity degree (Xc) and melting temperature (Tm) than RHDPE, but the values for Tm and Xc did not have noticeable changes with the addition of MAPE.
Memory Effect Stability on Hydrate-Based Coal Mine Methane Separation for Reducing Direct CMM Emission
Authors: Wu Qiang , Zhang Bao Yong
Published: June 2010

A new hydrate-based gas separation (HBGS) method for recovering methane from low-concentration CMM was proposed. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of the temperature increase, agitation, and pressure drop on the stability of memory effect. Results showed that (1) when the dissociation temperature is not higher than 25.00 °C, the decreases of subcooling and induction time in gas hydrate nucleation range from 0.16 to 1.06 °C, and 1.75 to 88.92min, respectively. But when the dissociation temperature is higher than 25.00 °C, the memory effect is destroyed notably; (2) the agitator type and agitation show little influence on the stability of memory effect; (3) the pressure drop renders notable influence on the stability of memory effect. The present study provides stability conditions of memory effect that will contribute to CMM utilization and to benefit for local and global environment.
Applying Exogenous Humic Acids and Natural Zeolite for Remediating the Lead-Polluted Garden Soil
Authors: Shi Wei Yu , Li Hua , Chu Li Ye , Shao Hong Bo
Published: June 2010

The study reported the co-remediation effect on the lead-polluted garden soil by zeolite and humic acids (HA), which was from comparing with the remediation of single zeolite in term of the lead fraction of sequential extraction in the soil and the distribution of lead in different parts of rape. Mixed treatment (zeolite and HA) and single treatment (zeolite) were, respectively, applied to the artificially polluted garden soil to examine the difference of their remediation effects in pot experiment. Results indicated that the co-remediation led to significantly greater (p < 0.01) reduction in the lead concentration in plants than by singly adding to zeolite. The co-application of zeolite and HA reduced the available fraction of lead compounds, but slightly increased (p < 0.01) the water-soluble fraction of lead compounds in the garden soil, compared with the application of single zeolite, especially in the severe lead-polluted soil (≥1000mg kg−1).This method might be an efficient way to remediate the lead-polluted soils on a large scale.
Assessment on Specific Organic Substances, Nutrients and Heavy Metals in Surface Water and Sediments of Bohai Rim Area
Authors: Ma Shuai , Zeng Si Yu
Published: June 2010

An environmental assessment system was established to analyze and evaluate the pollution status of surface water and sediments of Bohai Rim Area. Considering the requirements of evaluation item completeness and criteria strictness, this paper selected the Multimedia Environmental Goals, Classification Index of Soil Fertility, Organic Index Evaluation Standard and Soil Environmental Quality Standard as the evaluation standards. The results show that for each media, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene are the major pollutants among PAHs. And for the sediments, the organic matter and total nitrogen reach the level of fertile pollution in the area. The specific organic compounds and heavy metals (including As) are both concentrated in Tianjin, in accordance with the development level of industry of the area.
Removal Characteristics of Microcystis aeruginosa with One Brevibacillus parabrevis Strain
Authors: Mu Rui Min , Yuan Xue Liang , Ma Gui Xia
Published: June 2010

In this study, one strain of algicidal bacterium H01 was selected from the water body polluted by Microcystis aeruginosa. It had good removal effects on Microcystis aeruginosa and the removal characteristics on Microcystis aeruginosa were studied. The results indicated that the removal efficiency was connected with such factors as temperature and pH. And the experiment on algicidal mechanism indicated that it lysed the algae cells by secreting metabolites. According to the analysis of its physiological characteristics and 16S rDNA gene sequence, the strain H01 was identified as Brevibacillus parabrevis.
‘Mean Contrast’ Texture Feature Model of Nature Environmental Protection Fabric
Authors: Liu Zhe
Published: June 2010

Aiming at lack of mature texture feature model of natural green fabric image, this paper presents a new “Mean Contrast” texture feature model, which can express better on the type of collecting and narrow-long and some irregular defects. First, three-dimensional model of texture characteristics is established, various natural green fabrics are tested in experiments using the contrast feature, and then “Mean Contrast” feature is proposed, so that characteristic value of fabric texture can be converged. Finally, experimental results show that the “mean contrast” feature is so simple and effective that better show a variety of fabric texture variation, and has the numerical convergence. So it provides a contrasting texture feature model for continue related to fabric quality inspection.
Molecularly Imprinted Solid-Phase Extraction for Chlorpyrifos Determination in Water Samples
Authors: Liu Jun , Yang Ming , Huai Lu Feng
Published: June 2010

The determination of chlorpyrifos at low ngL-1 levels in wastewater requires highly selective and sensitive analytical procedures. The removal of matrix components during sample preparation results in significant benefits towards reducing the matrix effects during GC analysis. Therefore this work describes a simple method to enrich and clean up chlorpyrifos from sewage water using molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE). Final analysis was performed by gas chromatography. The performance of this method has been evaluated in water samples in terms of recovery, precision, and method quantification limit. Recovery for chlorpyrifos ranged between 99 and 105% with RSD values below 7.9%. The performance of the method was further emphasized by the study of different water samples. In these samples, chlorpyrifos were detected in concentration above method quantification limits ranging from 50 to 3000 ngL-1.
Simultaneous Organic Matter Removal in a Cyclic Activated Sludge Reactor from Municipal Waste Water
Authors: Wang Hong Wei , Huang Jian , Wang Xin Yu , Wu Xiao Hong , Liu Tie Dong , Liu Chang Li
Published: June 2010

The aerobic and anaerobic cyclic activated sludge reactor of A/O process was separated into an A/O domestication segments and organic matter removal ability strengthen segments. In the A/O disposal system, organic carbon degradation, nitrogen and phosphorus removal from municipal waste water in reactor were investigated. Results showed that good performance of the A/O disposal system was achieved and the highest removal efficiencies of COD, TN and TP were 96%, 50% and 75%, respectively. When organic loadings varied from low to high, the removal ability increased and then the hybrid microbe in activated sludge degradation ability became strong. So the cyclic activated sludge was a useful method for eliminate organic matter removal from municipal waste water.
Synthesis of a New Chelating Corn Starch and Application on Preconcentration of Copper (II)
Authors: Lv Tong , Tian Zhen Xing , Hu Chun Hong
Published: June 2010

A chelating starch (SMAEN) containing amidocyanogen and acyl functions was prepared through a two-step reaction. The structure of SMAEN was determined by FTIR spectrum. The amination extent was traced by estimating the nitrogen content of SMAEN. The SMAEN was tested as an adsorbent in Cu2+ metal aqueous solution. The parameters influencing the efficiency of preconcentration Cu2+ including sample acidity, adsorption conditions were investigated. The Cu2+ ion was accomplished good adsorption amount at pH＞4. The maximum adsorption capacity was 2.69mmol per gram of dried SMAEN.
Study on Inter-Relationship of the Nutrients in Substrate and the Production of Demulsifying Compound by a Bacillus sp.
Authors: Li Xu , Yang Ji Xian , Ma Fang , Liu Chang , Wang Jin Na , Hou Ning , Xu Yang
Published: June 2010

This work investigated the effect of substrates on de-emulsification capability and the growth of a bacillus sp. (screened by our laboratory).The biomass and de-emulsification ratios(DR) of cultures grown in substrate with the different nutrients (glucose, liquid paraffin, NH4NO3 and yeast) were determined. In the orthogonal tests, the significant of de-emulsification capability in turn is glucose>liquid paraffin>yeast>NH4NO3. The glucose is the highest effect of nutrients on de-emulsification capability and growth. The de-emulsification ratios(DR) and the glucose utilization ratios increase simultaneously at log and lag growth phase. Measurements of the liquid paraffin residue indicates that 30.1% liquid paraffin in substrate is consumed and used in inducing the demulsifying compounds production rather than the increase of the biomass. The culture grown in substrate with 2%~5% liquid paraffin exhibits highest de-emulsification ratio(DR). The contents of yeast at 0.8mg/L~1.0mg/L is beneficial to the growth and demulsifying compound production.
Legal Regulation of Forestry Carbon Sequestration Transaction in China
Authors: Zou Li Mei , Chen Wen Bin
Published: June 2010

The forestry carbon sequestration transaction (FCST) needs the guide of the law and policy. The subjects of FCST include buyers and sellers; the object is forestry carbon sequestration and the third party mainly includes brokers and measurement certification authorities. The effective elements of FCST legal behaviors need four main aspects. The establishment and regulation of legal systems includes transactional prices, three kinds of performing modes transaction, the benefit distribution of subjects, the mode of bearing legal reasonability and the trade dispute means.
Environment Settlements on Embankment in Wuhan Yangtze River Tunnel Construction
Authors: Ding Lie Yun , Li Wei Ming , Zhou Guang Hui , Wu Xian Guo
Published: June 2010

Environment settlements should be noted in the city tunnel construction, especially on the Yangtze embankment. Wuhan Yangtze River tunnel is the first one in the world third long river, and the embankment settlements is engineering significant to Wuhan, a city with 9 million people. The Wuhan Yangtze River Tunnel is introduced, and the settlements induced by the shield tunnel are investigated. The tunnel, the soil and the embankment are numerical simulated in FEM model. The settlements of the foundation surface are calculated with difference shield face positions, and engineering advices are obtained based on the calculation.
Key Factors Analysis on Environment Settlements in Tunnel Construction Based on Rough Sets
Authors: Li Wei Ming , Ding Lie Yun , Lin Xiao Jiao , Luo Han Bin
Published: June 2010

Environment settlements always occur while tunnel constructs in cities, which may cause ground collapse and building damage. It is engineering significant to analyze the key factors in the tunnel construction for an acceptable environment settlements value. The Rough Sets and the settlements induced by the tunnel construction were reviewed, and 22 engineering samples were investigated on the 9 condition attributes to 1 decision attribute. The significant degrees of the 9 condition attributes are normalized, and the importance of the condition attributes is obtained based on the normalized value. The results offer a method to extract the key factors on environment settlements in tunnel construction based on Rough Sets.
Simple Template Assisted Synthesis of ZnO Nanowires and their Photoluminescence Property
Authors: Khan Gobinda Gopal
Published: June 2010

Arrays of ZnO nanowires were synthesized within the well distributed pores of AAO template by employing an easy wet chemical method. Nanoporous AAO template was fabricated by electrochemical anodization of aluminium, controlling the anodization parameters. ZnO nanowires were characterized by SEM, XRD and EDS. It was found that the ZnO nanowires/AAO exhibits intense photoluminescence (PL) in the UV and visible regions. The blue emission band (432 nm) of the AAO template was originated from the singly ionized oxygen vacancies. The ZnO nanowires exhibit luminescence in the UV (379 nm) and in visible regions (460 and 510 nm), which can be attributed to the band to band electronic transition and oxygen vacancy related defect centers, respectively.
Surfactant-Mediated Epitaxial Growth of Metallic Thin Films
Authors: Kamiko Masao , Yamamoto Ryoichi
Published: June 2010

The effects of several surfactants on the homoepitaxial and heteroepitaxial growth of metallic films and multilayers have been studied and compared. Our measurements clearly revealed that pre-deposition of a small amount of surfactant prior to the adatom deposition changed thin film growth mode and structure. The pre-deposited surfactant enhanced layer-by-layer (LBL) growth of the homoepitaxial and heteroepitaxial growth of metallic films. The surfactant also enhanced the epitaxial growth of metallic multilayer.
Studies on Development of MgB2 Superconductor with Improved In-Field Critical Current Density
Authors: Vinod Krishnankutty , Upendran Syamaprasad
Published: June 2010

The present study focuses on the preparation of good quality MgB2 superconductor in bulk, wire/tape forms and on the improvement of in-field critical current density [JC(H)]. MgB2 bulk superconductor was prepared by a simple Powder-In-Sealed-Tube (PIST) method and MgB2 wires and tapes were prepared by the Powder-In-Tube (PIT) method. A novel electrical self-heating method was introduced for the preparation of Fe sheathed MgB2 wires and tapes. Burned Rice Husk (BRH), an inexpensive natural material is found to be one of the best additives for enhancing the in-field critical current density of MgB2. By selecting suitable combinations of additives a significant enhancement of the critical current density by 1-2 orders of magnitude were achieved for fields > 5 T, at 5-15 K.
Electrical and Structural Properties of ZnO/Ag Multilayers Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering for Energy-Efficient Windows
Authors: Kato Kazuhiro , Omoto Hideo , Takamatsu Atsushi
Published: June 2010

The low-emissivity (low-e) coatings consisting of glass/ZnO/Ag were prepared and the
microstructures of Ag thin films were investigated as a function of oxygen gas pressure during the
ZnO underlayer deposition. It was found from X-ray diffraction measurement that the Ag thin films
exhibited well-crystallization and (111)-preferred orientation when the ZnO underlayers were
deposited in low oxygen gas pressure. Furthermore, glancing X-ray reflectivity measurement
revealed that the surface roughness of Ag thin films decreased with decreasing oxygen gas pressure
during the ZnO deposition. It can be said from these results that the highly crystallized and smooth
Ag thin films grew on the ZnO thin films deposited in low oxygen gas pressure. Besides, it can be
considered that the Ag thin films were heteroepitaxially grown using the smooth and highly
crystallized ZnO underlayers which can be obtained under low oxygen gas pressure; as a result, the
microstructures of Ag thin films should be improved.
Fabrication and Applications of Silver Sulphide Based Ion Sensors
Authors: Pradhananga Raja Ram , Nyachhyon A. , Yadav A.P. , Shrestha Lok Kumar , Tandukar S.
Published: June 2010

An electrochemical sensor based on the silver sulphide precipitate was fabricated in the laboratory and characterized by x-ray diffraction, SEM equipped with EDAX, and electrochemical techniques. Ion selective electrode (ISE) was found to be sensitive enough to sense the sulphide ion concentration from 10-1 to 10-5 M in alkaline medium. The change in electrode potential per decade change in sulphide ion concentration was found to be 31.5 mV at laboratory temperature indicating adherence of the ion selective electrode to Nernst’s equation. The sensor have been successfully used for the quantitative determination of thiamine in pharmaceutical preparations, hydrogen sulphide in cigarette smoke and determination of solubility products of sparingly soluble silver salts. A trace amount of hydrogen sulphide, a toxic gas, is present in the cigarette smoke. The quantitative estimation of hydrogen sulphide in cigarette smoke is a challenging task to analytical chemist. Hydrogen sulphide in cigarette smoke had been determined by absorbing the cigarette smoke in 0.1 M sodium hydroxide and the resulting solution was analyzed using silver sulphide based ion sensor by standard addition technique using modified Gran plot. The average amounts of hydrogen sulphide produced by a stick of cigarette in 8 different brands of Nepalese cigarette ware found to range from 0.0332 mg to 0.0766 mg. The sensitivity and reliability of these home made ion sensors were excellent and in par with commercial electrodes. For developing countries like Nepal, who can not afford to procure high cost commercial ion selective electrodes, these home made ion sensors are especially appealing since the sensor can be fabricated with ease from the materials that are readily available in the chemistry laboratory and the sensor is quite sensitive and gives reproducible results which are sufficiently accurate for the analysis with ion selective electrodes.
Magnetic Properties of Chemically Synthesized (La1-xEux)0.67Ca0.33MnO3 Nanoplates
Authors: De Debasis , Ram Shanker , Roy Sanat K.
Published: June 2010

A chemical method with small polymer templates of polyvinyl alcohol is explored to obtain thin nanoplates (30-40 nm thickness) of (La1-xEux)0.67Ca0.33MnO3 of single magnetic domains. These plates consist of thin surface layer. X-ray diffraction reveals formation of a single phase (La1-xEux)0.67Ca0.33MnO3 of an orthorhombic crystal structure after annealing the precursor at 1000°C for 2 h in air. With increasing Eu3+ content, the unit cell volume decreased. At low temperature 10 K, as large coercivity Hc as 95 Oe has been found in x = 0.2 sample in comparison to 36 Oe or 42 Oe for x = 0 or x = 0.1 sample. The surface layer or shell serves as a pinning barrier which supports large Hc-value. The Curie temperature (TC) is decreased from 268 K (x = 0) to 160 K (x = 0.2). A small spin flipping signal is reflected at ~ 40 K in thermomagnetic curves and it has been attributed to spin exchange interaction between core and shell.
Application of Extended Permeability to a Thick Palladium Membrane
Authors: Hara Shigeki , Ishitsuka Misaki , Suda Hiroyuki , Mukaida Masakazu , Haraya Kenji
Published: June 2010

Some dense metal membranes are permeable only to hydrogen, useful to produce and purify hydrogen. Conventionally, hydrogen permeation flux through metal membranes is described as the square-root law. The permeability defined in the law is commonly used as a measure of membrane material. However, deviation from the law has been widely reported. We have extended the definition of permeability for precise description. This study applied it to a thick palladium membrane down to 0.01 MPa in absolute pressure. Experimental results showed that hydrogen permeation flux through the palladium membrane 200 μm thick did not obey the square-root law completely. From the permeation behavior, pressure-dependent permeability was evaluated. The resultant permeability was found to decrease and become a constant value, or intrinsic permeability, as pressure approached vacuum.
Structural Characterization of Nonionic Surfactant Reverse Micelles in Diglycerol Monolaurate/Squalene System
Authors: Shrestha Lok Kumar , Worsch Peter , Aramaki Kenji
Published: June 2010

Structure of nonionic surfactant diglycerol monolaurate (C12G2) reverse micelles in squalene at different surfactant concentrations and temperatures is presented. For the structural characterization of the micelles, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique is used. The scattering data is evaluated by virtually model free generalized indirect Fourier transformation (GIFT) method. GIFT analysis of the SAXS data has shown the clear evidence on the formation of rod-like micelles in the C12G2/squalene system at higher temperatures. At fixed temperature, increasing surfactant concentration induces one-dimensional micellar growth; the maximum length of the micelles increases with concentration, but the micellar cross-section remains essentially the same. On the other hand, at fixed concentration, the maximum length of the micelles decreases with the rise of temperature. It is found that the length of micelles decreases by ~ 35% keeping cross-section diameter unchanged with the rise of temperature from 60 to 80 °C in 5 wt% wt% C12G2/squalene system.
Iodide Ion Sensor for Indirect Determination of As (III) in Water
Authors: Nyachhyon A. , Yadav A.P. , Manandhar Krishna , Pradhananga Raja Ram
Published: June 2010

A simple, low cost and portable iodide sensor for the indirect determination of As(III) has been developed from the polycrystalline material obtained by co-precipitation of silver sulphide and silver iodide from aqueous solution. The Ag2S-AgI sensor was found to behave well up to the iodide concentration of 1×10-6 M with a Nernstian slope 57.5 mV per decade change in concentration. The selectivity coefficient of sensor containing iodide ion in the presence of Br- and Cl- ions was found to be 1.77 × 10-2 and 7.94 × 10-3, respectively indicating that these ions do not interfere in the response of iodide sensor to iodide ion. The electrode was successfully used for the direct determination of iodide and indirect determination of As(III) by titrating with cerric ammonium sulphate at pH 2. The results obtained from this method are comparable to the existing methods for the estimation of As(III).
Improvement on Measuring Optical Nonlinear Phase Shift by Self-Aligned Interferometer
Authors: Yu Chong Xiu , Liu Bing , Yuan Jin Hui , Sang Xin Zhu , Xin Xiang Jun
Published: June 2010

The measuring mechanism of the self-aligned interferometer (SI) is analyzed in detail in the paper. The expression of nonlinear phase shift and its error expression are derived. The reasons of influencing on the measuring accuracy of the nonlinear phase shift are analyzed theoretically. The influences of the SI structure parameters on measuring the nonlinear phase shift are simulated and calculated. Properly selecting structure parameters in the SI, the optimal value and are obtained. A measuring system using the optimal structure parameters is set up. The measured nonlinear phase shift coincides with the theoretical value. When compared the measured with other testing values from reference [2], the deviation obtained in our experiment is smaller. The experimental results show that the measuring method with simulating and optimizing the structure parameters in the SI is effective and convenient. The measuring method improved will be applied widely in optical fiber communications and optical precise measurements.