bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studi Historis Ibadah Orang Yahudi pada Masa Intertestamental
Authors: Tobing Mintoni Asmo
Published: January 2021

The existence of the temple in Jerusalem was closely related to Jewish worship, because the temple was the center of Israel's worship. The Jews living in exile, as well as those who remained in a post-exilic foreign land, had no temple nearby, apart from the existence of a synagogue. Furthermore, foreign nations took turns ruling over the Jews. This raises the question of how their worship was under foreign domination. This paper has been compiled as a result of literature research, to describe how the Jews worshiped during the intertestamental times. The results showed that worship, politics and culture are related in their implementation. In some instances, the priest as leader of Israelite worship had to deal with political affairs, and in other cases the faith of the Israelites was undermined by Hellenism.

Keberadaan bait suci di Yerusalem sangat terkait dengan ibadah orang Yahudi, karena bait suci tersebut adalah pusat ibadah orang Israel. Orang-orang Yahudi yang hidup dalam pembuangan maupun mereka yang tetap tinggal di negeri asing pasca-pembuangan, tidak memiliki bait suci di dekat mereka, selain keberadaan sinagoge. Lebih jauh, bangsa asing silih berganti memerintah atas orang-orang Yahudi. Hal ini memunculkan pertanyaan, bagaimana ibadah mereka di bawah dominasi bangsa asing. Tulisan ini disusun sebagai hasil penelitian pustaka, untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana orang-orang Yahudi beribadah selama masa intertestamental. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ibadah, politik, budaya memiliki keterkaitan dalam pelaksanaannya. Dalam beberapa kejadian, imam sebagai pemimpin ibadah orang Israel harus bersinggungan dengan urusan politik, dan dalam kasus yang lain iman orang Israel tergerus oleh Helenisme.
The TESS-Keck Survey. II. An Ultra-short-period Rocky Planet and Its Siblings Transiting the Galactic Thick-disk Star TOI-561
Authors: Weiss Lauren M. , Dai Fei , Huber Daniel , Brewer John M. , Collins Karen A. , Ciardi David R. , Matthews Elisabeth C. , Ziegler Carl , Howell Steve B. , Batalha Natalie M. , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Dressing Courtney , Fulton Benjamin , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard , Kane Stephen R. , Petigura Erik A , Robertson Paul , Roy Arpita , Rubenzahl Ryan A. , Twicken Joseph D. , Claytor Zachary R. , Stassun Keivan G. , MacDougall Mason G. , Chontos Ashley , Giacalone Steven , Dalba Paul A. , Mocnik Teo , Hill Michelle L. , Beard Corey , Akana Murphy Joseph M. , Rosenthal Lee J. , Behmard Aida , Van Zandt Judah , Lubin Jack , Kosiarek Molly R. , Lund Michael B. , Christiansen Jessie L. , Matson Rachel A. , Beichman Charles A. , Schlieder Joshua E. , Gonzales Erica J. , Briceño César , Law Nicholas , Mann Andrew W. , Collins Kevin I. , Evans Phil , Fukui Akihiko , Jensen Eric L. N. , Murgas Felipe , Narita Norio , Palle Enric , Parviainen Hannu , Schwarz Richard P. , Tan Thiam-Guan , Acton Jack S. , Bryant Edward M. , Chaushev Alexander , Gill Sam , Eigmüller Philipp , Jenkins Jon , Ricker George , Seager Sara , Winn Joshua N.
Published: January 2021

We report the discovery of TOI-561, a multiplanet system in the galactic thick disk that contains a rocky, ultra-short-period planet. This bright (V = 10.2) star hosts three small transiting planets identified in photometry from the NASA TESS mission: TOI-561 b (TOI-561.02, P = 0.44 days, R
p = 1.45 ± 0.11 R
⊕), c (TOI-561.01, P = 10.8 days, R
p = 2.90 ± 0.13 R
⊕), and d (TOI-561.03, P = 16.3 days, R
p = 2.32 ± 0.16 R
⊕). The star is chemically ([Fe/H] = −0.41 ± 0.05, [α/Fe] = +0.23 ± 0.05) and kinematically consistent with the galactic thick-disk population, making TOI-561 one of the oldest (10 ± 3 Gyr) and most metal-poor planetary systems discovered yet. We dynamically confirm planets b and c with radial velocities from the W. M. Keck Observatory High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer. Planet b has a mass and density of 3.2 ± 0.8 M
⊕ and

g cm−3, consistent with a rocky composition. Its lower-than-average density is consistent with an iron-poor composition, although an Earth-like iron-to-silicates ratio is not ruled out. Planet c is 7.0 ± 2.3 M
⊕ and 1.6 ± 0.6 g cm−3, consistent with an interior rocky core overlaid with a low-mass volatile envelope. Several attributes of the photometry for planet d (which we did not detect dynamically) complicate the analysis, but we vet the planet with high-contrast imaging, ground-based photometric follow-up, and radial velocities. TOI-561 b is the first rocky world around a galactic thick-disk star confirmed with radial velocities and one of the best rocky planets for thermal emission studies.
The CARMA-NRO Orion Survey: Filament Formation via Collision-induced Magnetic Reconnection—the Stick in Orion A
Authors: Kong 孔 Shuo 朔 , Ossenkopf-Okada Volker , Arce Héctor G. , Bally John , Sánchez-Monge Álvaro , McGehee Peregrine , Suri Sümeyye , Klessen Ralf S. , Carpenter John M. , Lis Dariusz C. , Nakamura Fumitaka , Schilke Peter , Smith Rowan J. , Mairs Steve , Goodman Alyssa , Maureira María José
Published: January 2021

A unique filament is identified in the Herschel maps of the Orion A giant molecular cloud. The filament, which we name the Stick, is ruler-straight and at an early evolutionary stage. Transverse position–velocity diagrams show two velocity components closing in on the Stick. The filament shows consecutive rings/forks in C18O (1−0) channel maps, which is reminiscent of structures generated by magnetic reconnection. We propose that the Stick formed via collision-induced magnetic reconnection (CMR). We use the magnetohydrodynamics code Athena++ to simulate the collision between two diffuse molecular clumps, each carrying an antiparallel magnetic field. The clump collision produces a narrow, straight, dense filament with a factor of >200 increase in density. The production of the dense gas is seven times faster than freefall collapse. The dense filament shows ring/fork-like structures in radiative transfer maps. Cores in the filament are confined by surface magnetic pressure. CMR can be an important dense-gas-producing mechanism in the Galaxy and beyond.
New Horizons Observations of the Cosmic Optical Background
Authors: Lauer Tod R. , Postman Marc , Weaver Harold A. , Spencer John R. , Stern S. Alan , Buie Marc W. , Durda Daniel D. , Lisse Carey M. , Poppe A. R. , Binzel Richard P. , Britt Daniel T. , Buratti Bonnie J. , Cheng Andrew F. , Grundy W. M. , Horányi Mihaly , Kavelaars J. J. , Linscott Ivan R. , McKinnon William B. , Moore Jeffrey M. , Núñez J. I. , Olkin Catherine B. , Parker Joel W. , Porter Simon B. , Reuter Dennis C. , Robbins Stuart J. , Schenk Paul , Showalter Mark R. , Singer Kelsi N. , Verbiscer Anne J. , Young Leslie A.
Published: January 2021

We used existing data from the New Horizons Long-range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) to measure the optical-band (0.4 ≲ λ ≲ 0.9 μm) sky brightness within seven high–Galactic latitude fields. The average raw level measured while New Horizons was 42–45 au from the Sun is 33.2 ± 0.5 nW m−2 sr−1.  This is ∼10× as dark as the darkest sky accessible to the Hubble Space Telescope, highlighting the utility of New Horizons for detecting the cosmic optical background (COB). Isolating the COB contribution to the raw total required subtracting scattered light from bright stars and galaxies, faint stars below the photometric detection limit within the fields, and diffuse Milky Way light scattered by infrared cirrus. We removed newly identified residual zodiacal light from the IRIS 100 μm all-sky maps to generate two different estimates for the diffuse Galactic light. Using these yielded a highly significant detection of the COB in the range 15.9 ± 4.2 (1.8 stat., 3.7 sys.) nW m−2 sr−1 to 18.7 ± 3.8 (1.8 stat., 3.3 sys.) nW m−2 sr−1 at the LORRI pivot wavelength of 0.608 μm. Subtraction of the integrated light of galaxies fainter than the photometric detection limit from the total COB level left a diffuse flux component of unknown origin in the range 8.8 ± 4.9 (1.8 stat., 4.5 sys.) nW m−2 sr−1 to 11.9 ± 4.6 (1.8 stat., 4.2 sys.) nW m−2 sr−1. Explaining it with undetected galaxies requires the assumption that the galaxy count faint-end slope steepens markedly at V > 24 or that existing surveys are missing half the galaxies with V < 30.
Waves and Turbulence in the Very Local Interstellar Medium: From Macroscales to Microscales
Authors: Fraternale Federico , Pogorelov Nikolai V.
Published: January 2021

Voyager 1 (V1) has been exploring the heliospheric boundary layer in the very local interstellar medium (VLISM) since 2012 August. The measurements revealed a spectrum of fluctuations over a vast range of space and timescales, but the nature of these fluctuations continues to be an intriguing question. Numerous manifestations of turbulence cannot be explained using a single phenomenology. Weak shocks and compressions are the prominent features of the VLISM. We use high-resolution (48 s) measurements to perform a multiscale analysis of turbulence at V1 between the years of 2013.36 and 2019.0 (124–144 au from the Sun). On relatively large scales, wave trains of mixed compressible/transverse nature with the correlation scale in the range of 15–100 days dominate the spectrum of fluctuations. The observed magnetic field profiles are suggestive of a Burgers-like (f
−2) turbulence phenomenology induced by solar activity. We demonstrate that the level of large-scale compressible fluctuations is still significant in late 2018. We analyze the turbulence down to small scales comparable to the ion inertial length and show that magnetic compressibility is always large on these scales. Besides the shock-induced turbulence measured from 2014.486, the intensity and intermittency of small-scale fluctuations have been growing smoothly since 2018.5. Our analysis suggests that local processes are contributing to the production of turbulence on small scales. We present the estimates of transport coefficients in the plasma traversed by V1. The range of scales is identified where V1 measurements are affected by the contribution from pickup ions.
Cosmic Inference: Constraining Parameters with Observations and a Highly Limited Number of Simulations
Authors: Takhtaganov Timur , Lukić Zarija , Müller Juliane , Morozov Dmitriy
Published: January 2021

Cosmological probes pose an inverse problem where the measurement result is obtained through observations, and the objective is to infer values of model parameters that characterize the underlying physical system—our universe, from these observations and theoretical forward-modeling. The only way to accurately forward-model physical behavior on small scales is via expensive numerical simulations, which are further “emulated” due to their high cost. Emulators are commonly built with a set of simulations covering the parameter space with Latin hypercube sampling and an interpolation procedure; the aim is to establish an approximately constant prediction error across the hypercube. In this paper, we provide a description of a novel statistical framework for obtaining accurate parameter constraints. The proposed framework uses multi-output Gaussian process emulators that are adaptively constructed using Bayesian optimization methods with the goal of maintaining a low emulation error in the region of the hypercube preferred by the observational data. In this paper, we compare several approaches for constructing multi-output emulators that enable us to take possible inter-output correlations into account while maintaining the efficiency needed for inference. Using a Lyα forest flux power spectrum, we demonstrate that our adaptive approach requires considerably fewer—by a factor of a few in the Lyα P(k) case considered here—simulations compared to the emulation based on Latin hypercube sampling, and that the method is more robust in reconstructing parameters and their Bayesian credible intervals.
Observational Constraints on the Physical Properties of Interstellar Dust in the Post-Planck Era
Authors: Hensley Brandon S. , Draine B. T.
Published: January 2021

We present a synthesis of the astronomical observations constraining the wavelength-dependent extinction, emission, and polarization from interstellar dust from UV to microwave wavelengths on diffuse Galactic sight lines. Representative solid-phase abundances for those sight lines are also derived. Given the sensitive new observations of polarized dust emission provided by the Planck satellite, we place particular emphasis on dust polarimetry, including continuum polarized extinction, polarization in the carbonaceous and silicate spectroscopic features, the wavelength-dependent polarization fraction of the dust emission, and the connection between optical polarized extinction and far-infrared polarized emission. Together, these constitute a set of constraints that should be reproduced by models of dust in the diffuse interstellar medium.
The Formation and Eruption of a Sigmoidal Filament Driven by Rotating Network Magnetic Fields
Authors: Dai Jun , Ji Haisheng , Li Leping , Zhang Jun , Chen Huadong
Published: January 2021

We present the formation and eruption of a sigmoidal filament driven by rotating network magnetic fields (RNFs) near the center of the solar disk, which was observed by the 1 m aperture New Vacuum Solar Telescope at the Fuxian Solar Observatory on 2018 July 12. Counterclockwise RNFs twist two small-scale filaments at their northeastern foot-point region, giving a rotation of nearly 200° within about 140 minutes. The motion of the RNF has a tendency to accelerate at first and then decelerate obviously, as the average rotation speed increased from 10 to 150° hr−1, and then slowed down to 50° hr−1. Coalescence then occurs between filaments F1 and F2. Meanwhile the fine structures in the southwestern region of the filament was involved in another interaction of coalescence. The subsequent EUV brightening due to plasma heating is observed in the two interaction regions. These interacting structures, including F1, F2 and the fine structures in the southwestern region, eventually evolve into a larger-scale sigmoidal filament twisted in the same direction as the RNFs gave. The twist of the sigmoidal filament has exceeded 4π and the filament finally erupted. The motion of the sigmoidal filament remains uniform until a nearby jet collides, causing the filament to erupt faster. These results provide evidence that RNF plays an important role in the formation and eruption of the sigmoidal filament. The phenomena also suggests that the kink instability is the trigger mechanism for the filament eruption.
Evidence of a Clear Atmosphere for WASP-62b: The Only Known Transiting Gas Giant in the JWST Continuous Viewing Zone
Authors: Alam Munazza K. , López-Morales Mercedes , MacDonald Ryan J. , Nikolov Nikolay , Kirk James , Goyal Jayesh M. , Sing David K. , Wakeford Hannah R. , Rathcke Alexander D. , Deming Drake L. , Sanz-Forcada Jorge , Lewis Nikole K. , Barstow Joanna K. , Mikal-Evans Thomas , Buchhave Lars A.
Published: January 2021

Exoplanets with cloud-free, haze-free atmospheres at the pressures probed by transmission spectroscopy represent a valuable opportunity for detailed atmospheric characterization and precise chemical abundance constraints. We present the first optical to infrared (0.3−5 μm) transmission spectrum of the hot Jupiter WASP-62b, measured with Hubble/STIS and Spitzer/IRAC. The spectrum is characterized by a 5.1σ detection of Na i absorption at 0.59 μm, in which the pressure-broadened wings of the Na D-lines are observed from space for the first time. A spectral feature at 0.4 μm is tentatively attributed to SiH at 2.1σ confidence. Our retrieval analyses are consistent with a cloud-free atmosphere without significant contamination from stellar heterogeneities. We simulate James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations, for a combination of instrument modes, to assess the atmospheric characterization potential of WASP-62b. We demonstrate that JWST can conclusively detect Na, H2O, FeH, NH3, CO, CO2, CH4, and SiH within the scope of its Early Release Science (ERS) program. As the only transiting giant planet currently known in the JWST Continuous Viewing Zone, WASP-62b could prove a benchmark giant exoplanet for detailed atmospheric characterization in the James Webb era.
A new species of Coomaniella (Coleoptera, Buprestidae, Coomaniellini) from Guangxi, China, with new distributional records and biological observations
Authors: Song Hai-Tian
Published: January 2021

A new species Coomaniella (Coomaniella) dentatasp. nov.from Guangxi Province, China, is described and placed in the C. (C.) chinensis species-group. The variability is discussed, and a new adult host plant is recorded. New distributional records are given forC. biformissimaJendek & Kalashian, 1999 andC. lingafelteriJendek & Pham, 2013.
Pratiques culturelles en temps de confinement
Authors: Jonchery Anne , Lombardo Philippe
Published: January 2021

En 2020, le premier confinement lié à la pandémie de Covid-19 a bouleversé la vie de la population, modifiant l’organisation du temps, des modes de travail et de la scolarité. L’accès à la culture de sortie ainsi qu’à de nombreux biens culturels physiques a été impossible en raison de la fermeture des établissements culturels et de certains commerces de détail. La réorganisation du temps dans l’espace domestique a en revanche favorisé l’accès aux biens et services culturels numériques. Au sein d’une vague exceptionnelle de l’enquête Conditions de vie et aspirations réalisée par le Crédoc pendant le confinement, les Français âgés de 15 ans et plus ont été interrogés sur leurs pratiques culturelles dans ce contexte particulier. Les résultats, comparés à ceux de l’enquête Pratiques culturelles réalisée tout au long de l’année 2018, permettent de mesurer les écarts de pratique liés au contexte de confinement. Les Français ont profité de cet épisode pour s’adonner aux pratiques culturelles en amateur, un engouement qui a rajeuni les pratiquants et réduit les écarts sociaux. D’une façon générale, les consommations culturelles ont progressé et sont mieux réparties parmi les différents groupes, à l’exception toutefois de l’écoute de musique et de la presse écrite. Les consommations audiovisuelles ont prioritairement bénéficié de cet investissement et, parmi elles, les jeux vidéo et le visionnage de vidéos en ligne ont recruté de nouveaux publics. La consultation des réseaux sociaux s’est également généralisée, plutôt pour des usages communicationnels qu’informationnels. Les seniors, déjà engagés dans la participation culturelle physique, ont profité du confinement pour s’approprier les ressources culturelles numériques (musées et spectacles en ligne). Enfin les conditions de sociabilité en confinement (seul ou à plusieurs, avec ou sans enfants à charge), celles du logement (accès ou non à un espace extérieur), influent sur l’intensité et la diversité des pratiques. Paradoxalement, alors que le confinement printanier a contribué au creusement des inégalités sociales et économiques dans de nombreux domaines, les pratiques culturelles apparaissent à l’inverse moins clivées et certains écarts sociaux et générationnels se réduisent même pour nombre d’entre elles.
La parabole de la perle (Mt 13,45-46). Quand un marchand découvre ce qu’il savait déjà
Authors: Planty Bruno
Published: January 2021

Les deux versets de Mt 13,45-46 sont communément désignés comme « parabole de la perle ». Pourtant, Bruno Planty le souligne, c’est bien un marchand, un emporos , que Matthieu met en comparaison avec le Royaume des cieux, non une perle. Celle-ci reste un élément subordonné qui se manifeste à travers la conscience qui l’a trouvée : c’est cette conscience qui habite la parabole. Elle ne s’éveille pas sous le coup d’une révélation extraordinaire, mais s’inscrit dans ce mouvement de reprise magistralement décrit par Kierkegaard.
Boundary controllability and boundary time-varying feedback stabilization of the 1D wave equation in non-cylindrical domains
Authors: Yacine Mokhtari
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we deal with boundary controllability and boundary stabilizability of the 1D wave equation in non-cylindrical domains. By using the characteristics method, we prove under a natural assumption on the boundary functions that the 1D wave equation is controllable and stabilizable from one side of the boundary. Furthermore, the control function and the decay rate of the solution are given explicitly.
Amphorae as indicators of trade and diet in Cibalae (Pannonia)
Authors: Nagy Anna Andrea , Szakmány György
Published: January 2021

Cibalae (Vinkovci, Croatia) was a significant Roman
town in Pannonia. It had an economic and a strategic importance. The
aim of this research was to analyse the amphorae that were found in
the settlement using archaeological methods and petrography in order
to suggest possible production sites, get a better knowledge of the
settlement’s economy, exploit the amphorae’s historical aspects and
study the population’s diet and level of Romanization. Sherds
belonging to the Africana 1A, Aquincum 78, Beltrán 2A, Bojović
549/554, Camulodunum 189, Dressel 2-4, Dressel 5, Dressel 6B, Dressel
7-11, Dressel 20, Dressel 24 family, Dressel 30, Forlimpopoli, Kapitän
2, Knidian, LRA 1, Rhodian and Schörgendorfer 558 types were found. We
can conclude that during the 1st-5th/7th centuries AD, the amphorae
containing wine, olive oil, fish sauces and various fruits were
imported to Cibalae from different territories and workshops in
Hispania, Italia, Istria, the Aegean, the Black Sea coast, Cilicia or
Cyprus, the Levant, North Africa and presumably the Danube region. It
is important to point out that seven Dressel 6B amphorae were made in
a yet unidentified workshop probably outside of Istria and northern
Italia, the regions usually associated with the production of these
vessels.
Eastern Mediterranean amphorae from Late Antique urban centers of the northeastern Iberian Peninsula: archaeometric characterization
Authors: Fantuzzi Leandro , Cau Ontiveros Miguel Ángel , Macias Solé Josep Maria , Martorell Francesc Rodríguez
Published: January 2021

Amphorae from Palestine, Turkey, the Aegean and
other areas of the eastern Mediterranean are frequently documented in
Late Antique archaeological contexts in northeastern Spain, in
relation to the transport of wine and other products. In order to gain
further information on their compositional variability, provenance and
production technology, a series of these amphorae was
archaeometrically characterized. The amphorae were sampled from
various contexts found in consumption centres of the current Catalan
coastal territory, dated between the 5th and 7th centuries AD. Various
types of eastern Mediterranean amphorae were characterized, including
the most common ones, such as LRA 1, LRA 4, LRA 2 and LRA 3, but also
others less represented in the ceramic assemblages. The selected
samples were analyzed using a combination of techniques (WD-X-ray
fluorescence, X-ray powder diffraction and optical microscopy by thin
section analysis) for their chemical, mineralogical and petrographic
characterization. The results show the presence of well differentiated
fabrics and chemical compositions for each of the amphora types
analyzed as well as certain variability in some of them, related to
differences in provenance and/or production technology. Comparison
with available archaeometric and archaeological data from eastern
Mediterranean production centers enabled for provenance hypotheses for
many of the amphorae under study.
La céramique de poêle du site Berg Armo (XVI s., Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines, France) : matériaux et techniques de fabrication
Authors: Bauer Delphine , Amara Ayed Ben , Cantin Nadia
Published: January 2021

Le site de la maison 1 du district de Berg Armo à
Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines (Haut-Rhin, France) a permis la mise au jour
d’un lot important de céramique de poêle daté du xvie siècle. Des analyses
physico-chimiques ont été effectuées sur cet ensemble clos afin
d’évaluer l’homogénéité des carreaux et de vérifier l’hypothèse d’une
production à proximité du site. Pour cette étude, 23 fragments
appartenant aux 4 motifs les plus représentés ont été analysés à la
loupe binoculaire, par microscopie polarisante et microscopie
électronique à balayage, couplée à un spectromètre de rayons X en
dispersion d’énergie. Ces analyses ont permis de révéler que les pâtes
contiennent des fragments de roches caractéristiques de la région
vosgienne. Pour l’ensemble des échantillons analysés, on note une
variabilité dans les matières premières argileuses et les recettes des
glaçures. Ces dernières se différencient par leur teneur en cuivre et
en aluminium. On constate ainsi que des motifs proches stylistiquement
ne sont pas le fruit d’une même production. Ces carreaux ont donc été
produits localement mais dans des ateliers différents ou, étant donné
qu’il s’agit d’un ensemble provenant d’un seul poêle, pourraient
correspondre à des réparations successives de celui-ci.
Petrographic and XRD analysis of the ceramic body of late medieval besztercebánya/banská bystrica-type stove tiles
Authors: Györkös Dorottya , Bajnóczi Bernadett , Szakmány György , Szabó Máté , Tóth Mária
Published: January 2021

A unique collection of high-quality late Medieval (15-16th century) glazed stove tiles from the northern part of the Carpathian Basin is of great interest to archaeologists and art historians. Tiles of identical style, motifs and sizes were found in twenty-eight different localities. It is yet to be determined whether these products were made in a single workshop, perhaps in Besztercebánya/Banská Bystrica (in present-day Slovakia) or in multiple workshops in the region. In the present study, the ceramic body of ninety-four tile fragments from six sites (Besztercebánya/Banská Bystrica, Fülek/Fiľakovo and Csábrág/Čabraď in Slovakia; Salgó, Eger and Szécsény in Hungary) was investigated using polarizing microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis to determine the raw materials and production techniques used. Based on the petrographic characteristics and phase composition the tiles can be classified into four main groups. Samples from the Hungarian sites and Fülek/Fiľakovo – apart from one tile from Eger – are comprised of similar raw materials. Use of intentionally tempered clay is probable in the largest subgroup, in which large angular rock fragments are dominant. By contrast, stove tiles from Besztercebánya/Banská Bystrica contain variable rock fragments (granitoid, quartzite, limestone). Tiles from Csábrág/Čabraď form an independent group due to the presence of large amount of volcanic rock fragments with strong hydrothermal alterations. Based on the preliminary study of the ceramic body the tiles analysed were likely made in several workshops. Nevertheless, the use of identical motifs indicates a possible connection between the workshops.
Cutting Edge: Mouse SARS-CoV-2 Epitope Reveals Infection and Vaccine-Elicited CD8 T Cell Responses
Authors: Joag Vineet , Wijeyesinghe Sathi , Stolley J. Michael , Quarnstrom Clare F. , Dileepan Thamotharampillai , Soerens Andrew G. , Sangala Jules A. , O’Flanagan Stephen D. , Gavil Noah V. , Hong Sung-Wook , Bhela Siddheshvar , Gangadhara Sailaja , Weyu Eyob , Matchett William E. , Thiede Joshua , Krishna Venkatramana , Cheeran Maxim C.-J. , Bold Tyler D. , Amara Rama , Southern Peter , Hart Geoffrey T. , Schifanella Luca , Vezys Vaiva , Jenkins Marc K. , Langlois Ryan A. , Masopust David
Published: January 2021

The magnitude of SARS-CoV-2–specific T cell responses correlates inversely with human disease severity, suggesting T cell involvement in primary control. Whereas many COVID-19 vaccines focus on establishing humoral immunity to viral spike protein, vaccine-elicited T cell immunity may bolster durable protection or cross-reactivity with viral variants. To better enable mechanistic and vaccination studies in mice, we identified a dominant CD8 T cell SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein epitope. Infection of human ACE2 transgenic mice with SARS-CoV-2 elicited robust responses to H2-Db/N219-227, and 40% of HLA-A*02+ COVID-19 PBMC samples isolated from hospitalized patients responded to this peptide in culture. In mice, i.m. prime-boost nucleoprotein vaccination with heterologous vectors favored systemic CD8 T cell responses, whereas intranasal boosting favored respiratory immunity. In contrast, a single i.v. immunization with recombinant adenovirus established robust CD8 T cell memory both systemically and in the respiratory mucosa.
Higher Harmonic Control: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Hammond Charles  E.
Published: January 2021

Higher harmonic control (HHC) is an approach for achieving reduced helicopter vibration by controlling the vibratory rotor airloads in such a way that the fuselage excitation is minimized. This paper is a historical look at how a program aimed at helicopter vibration reduction started as an outgrowth of fixed wing flutter suppression at NASA Langley Research Center, proved the HHC concept on aeroelastically scaled wind tunnel models and went on to demonstrate viability in full-scale flight testing on the OH-6A helicopter in 1982. Following the OH-6A flight tests, the helicopter research community was stimulated to prove the effectiveness of HHC on different configurations through analysis, wind tunnel tests, and flight tests. All of these investigations have shown HHC to be effective in reducing vibration to levels not attainable with conventional vibration control methods and without any detrimental side effects. HHC development has progressed to the point that the technology provides one more option to address the ever-present vibration problem in helicopters. The literature demonstrates that helicopter ride quality equivalent to that of fixed wing aircraft is attainable with application of HHC.
Human Papilloma Virus Testing in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Southern India
Authors: Kingsley Jennifer Prince , Gaikwad Pranay , Abraham Priya , Muthusami John Chandrakumar
Published: January 2021

Background:

Oral cancer is a major public health burden in India ranking third among cancers; about 90% of all oral cancers are oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-established oncogenic agent in the causation of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and an important risk factor for oropharyngeal SCC, but the link between HPV and OSCC is inconsistent. Knowledge of HPV profile in the OSCC has positive implications for treatment and prevention strategies.

Methods:

A case–control study was conducted to determine the prevalence of HPV status in 40 newly diagnosed OSCC cases (24 males; 16 females). Age- and gender-matched controls were recruited from the outpatient clinic of a large teaching hospital in Southern India. A questionnaire was used to ascertain the risk factors for OSCC. Using a cytobrush, epithelial cells were obtained from oral cancer lesions or normal mucosa in cases and controls, respectively. The HPV detection and genotyping were done using a real-time polymerase chain reaction technique.

Results:

Chewing tobacco was strongly associated with OSCC (odds ratio: 3.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.4–9.7), adjusted for potential confounding factors including smoking and alcohol consumption. All the OSCC cases and controls tested negative for HPV DNA.

Conclusions:

There is an inconsistency in the prevalence of HPV infection in OSCC in India. The prevalence of HPV in OSCC was nil, so the testing for HPV may be unnecessary. The inconsistency of the positivity of HPV in OSCC may be due to a wide palette of geographic and sociocultural differences that exist in the subcontinent. Further studies are, therefore, needed to evaluate the prevalence of HPV in OSCC in the subcontinent and plan optimal therapeutic strategies.
Evidence Generation for Postprandial Insulin Administration for Better Management of Diabetes in Noncritically iII Patients
Authors: Lalwani Divya , Muley Arti , Mahida Harshal
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

Previously, premeal sliding scale insulin regimen was used to control sugar levels in hospitalized type-2 diabetes patients. However, the now recommended basal-bolus regimen also failed to show any substantial advantage over the traditional sliding scale regimen in the latest Cochrane review.

Methodology:

In this retrospective cohort study, data were collected from two groups of patients who received basal with premeal bolus regimen and those who received modified sliding scale regimen (basal with both pre- and lower dose postprandial insulin by sliding scale). The data collected were analyzed to compare the mean reduction in blood glucose level, number of hypoglycemic episodes, and mean hospital stay among the two groups.

Results:

A total of forty patients were included in the study. Twenty received basal with both pre- and postprandial insulin correction by sliding scale and other twenty received basal insulin with postmeal bolus correction regimen. The mean hospital stay in sliding scale with postprandial insulin correction was 3.9 ± 2.2 days, and in other group, it was 6.1 ± 4.47 days. Two out of twenty patients in the sliding scale with postprandial insulin group, whereas six out of twenty patients in the other group had hypoglycemic events.

Conclusion:

Basal with both pre- and postmeal (low dose) insulin by sliding scale might be an answer to the concerns of faster attainment of euglycemia in hospitalized type-2 diabetes patients with minimal risk of hypoglycemia. We plan a prospective study with a larger sample size to substantiate the evidence.
Rapid assessment of Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram program implementation and beneficiary feedback at two district early intervention centers in Chhattisgarh State in India
Authors: Prabhu Shruti Atul , Shukla Nikhil Keshav , Roshni Mandala Sai
Published: January 2021

Background:

The Government of India launched the child health screening and early Intervention programme called Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram in 2014 to screen children from 0 to 18 years for the early detection of 4 D's (Defects, Diseases, Deficiency, and Developmental Delays including disabilities). Under this program, district early intervention centers (DEICs) are set up as nodal centers at the district level to manage the cases of 4Ds. There are few studies published evaluating the functioning of DEICs or reflecting the feedback from beneficiaries.

Aims:

The aim of this study is to assess the functioning and infrastructure of DEIC and beneficiary feedback.

Methods:

One good performing district (Raigarh) and one poor performing district (Raipur) were selected for rapid assessment. Observational check list according to norms was used for assessment of facilities, staffing pattern, and semi-structured questionnaire used for beneficiary feedback. Data were entered in Microsoft excel for the analysis.

Results:

DEIC Raipur was deficient in staff and infrastructure. Among all the referred cases, only 38.9% and 31.5% reached DEIC Raipur and Raigarh, respectively. DEIC Raigarh deserves special mention. It has special Orthotics unit, “Sensory garden,” and Disability Rehabilitation Center. Beneficiaries face many difficulties at DEIC despite having necessary referral forms. 73.4% parents said loss of daily wages was a deterrent to go to DEIC repeatedly for follow-up.

Conclusion:

There was a deficiency of staff and infrastructure in DEIC Raipur. DEIC Raigarh had a well-equipped rehabilitation center. It should be developed as “Model DEIC” for Chhattisgarh and explore the possibility of telemedicine to provide services to neighboring underserved districts. Beneficiary feedback was below satisfaction.
Are rotational night shifts taking its toll on health-care professionals? A pilot study
Authors: Nirupama A.Y. , Chellaiyan D. Vinoth Gnana , Ravivarman G.
Published: January 2021

Background:

It has always been suggested that sleep deprivation has a deleterious effect on the ability of health workers who are involved in multitude of life-saving tasks, which often require more attention and concentration. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the national health portal (Government of India) have now recognized sleep deprivation as a public health epidemic.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was done including health-care professionals working night shifts on rotation at a tertiary level health-care facility, using a semi-structured questionnaire to test the status of their sleep deprivation, cognitive ability, and quality of life as a pilot study. Stratified random sampling was used to select the study participants and health-care professionals with other factors which may interfere with sleep deprivation testing were excluded. Data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS, and required statistical tests were applied (Pearson Chi-square, Fisher exact, Spearman correlation, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test).

Results:

About 95.12% of participants reported < 6 h of sleep post night shifts, of which 51.2% were found to show signs of sleep deprivation. Of this 51.2%, 28.57% were also found to have lower cognitive function scores, and statistically significant lower cognitive scores were observed during night shifts than during day shifts. The median value of the Montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA) score during the night shift was 27 (interquartile range [IQR] = 4) and the median value of MOCA score during the day shift was 29 (IQR = 1). A poor QOL was observed in 17.07% of the study participants, and it was found to have a significant positive correlation with hours of sleep obtained.

Conclusion:

The results from the present study points towards a significantly high burden of sleep deprivation among health-care professionals working rotational shifts (51.2%). This warrants a need for further evaluation on larger populations and adoption of comprehensive measures including preventive and promotive aspects like sleep counselling and yoga/meditation for management.
Measures that Matter in Head-and-Neck Cancer
Authors: Jacob Sobin V. , Sidhique Sharief K. , Jacob Annie , Jeba Jenifer , Chakraborty Santam , Sasidharan Balu Krishna
Published: January 2021

In head-and-neck cancer (HNC), it is imperious to assess changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for a comprehensive evaluation of patient needs and treatment outcomes. Currently, there is limited literature about HRQoL measures used in the Indian context. This lack of information may make it difficult for clinicians to understand their patients' overall well-being and hamper their ability to contrive the appropriate treatment plans. Several questionnaires are currently available and used to assess HRQoL in HNC. The objective of this review is to briefly reflect upon the available questionnaires in HNC, their availability in Indian regional languages and conceivable improvement in the design of the questionnaires, and their clinical use. This will allow the head-and-neck clinical team to compare and contrast the available questionnaires and make an informed choice about the most appropriate measure based on their study design or clinical workflow.
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Skeletal Metastasis
Authors: Vishnu A.R. , Hephzibah Julie , Mathew David , Sunny Saumya Sara
Published: January 2021

A 60-year-old female presented with complaints of swelling in front of the neck; on evaluation with thyroid uptake, study showed the presence of cold nodule in the right lobe of thyroid. Fine-needle aspiration of the nodule showed benign disease and started on antithyroid medications. The patient was lost to follow-up for 10 years, after which she presented with swelling in the same region of the cold nodule. Due to the continued increase in the size of the swelling, she underwent a fine-needle aspiration biopsy and ultrasound with findings consistent with carcinoma, for which she underwent total thyroidectomy, followed by radiation therapy. On further evaluation for residual thyroid using iodine, whole-body scan showed residual disease with disseminated osseous and lymph node metastases, which was treated twice with 100 mCi of I131, resulting in. A cold nodule on thyroid scan can be benign or malignant and should be kept on regular follow-up and if left untreated may present with disseminated aggressive disease.
Native T1 mapping in diffuse myocardial diseases using 3-Tesla MRI: An institutional experience
Authors: Mondy Vimal Chacko , Peter S Babu , Ravi R
Published: January 2021

Aims: Newer cardiac magnetic resonance techniques like native T1 mapping are being used increasingly as an adjunct to diagnose myocardial diseases with fibrosis. However, its full clinical utility has not been tested extensively, especially in the Indian population. The purpose of this study was to find native T1 values in healthy individuals without cardiac disease in our 3-Tesla MRI system and examine whether native myocardial T1 values can be used to differentiate between normal and diffuse myocardial disease groups. Subjects and Methods: After approval from the institutional ethics committee, native T1 mapping was performed in 12 healthy individuals without cardiac disease who served as controls and in 26 patients with diffuse myocardial diseases (acute myocarditis (n = 5), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) (n = 8), nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) (n = 7), restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) due to amyloidosis (n = 6)) in a 3-Tesla MRI system in short axis slices and four-chamber view using a modified Look-Locker inversion recovery sequence. The mean native T1 values and standard deviations were calculated for control and disease groups and compared. The ability of native myocardial T1 mapping to differentiate between normal and diffuse myocardial disease groups was assessed. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s Post-Hoc test was used to find significant difference in the multivariate analysis and Chi-Square test was used to find the significance in categorical data. Results: The native T1 values for the healthy group in our 3-Tesla MRI system was 1186.47 ± 45.67 ms. The mean T1 values of the groups acute myocarditis (1418.68 ± 8.62 ms), HCM (1355.86 ± 44.67 ms), nonischemic DCM (1341.31 ± 41.48 ms), and RCM due to amyloidosis (1370.37 ± 90.14 ms) were significantly higher (P = 0.0005) than that of the healthy control group. Conclusion: Native myocardial T1 mapping is a promising tool for differentiating between healthy and diffuse myocardial disease groups.
Temporal encephalocele into transverse sinus in an adult with partial seizures: MRI evaluation of a rare site of brain herniation
Authors: Yadav Taruna , Shaikh Minhaj , Panda Samhita , Khera Pushpinder
Published: January 2021

Herniation of brain parenchyma outside its normal enclosure (also known as encephalocele) has long been known to occur at certain classic sites and is classified accordingly. With widespread use of modern neuroimaging, the previously unknown atypical and rare sites of encephalocele have now been identified. Brain herniation into a dural venous sinus is one such recently described entity with case reports extending only upto the earlier part of this decade. With no definite clinical symptomatology, imaging is crucial to diagnose this lesion accurately and differentiate it from the more familiar entity in this region of the brain, the arachnoid granulations. Also known as occult encephalocele, focal brain herniation into dural venous sinus has few specific imaging features and characteristic sites. We report a case of a 21-year-old man with partial seizures in whom MRI of the brain revealed focal herniation of the normal temporal lobe parenchyma into the left transverse sinus and discuss the key imaging features and pathophysiology of this entity.
Novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in a 12-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Marhaeni Wulandewi , Abdiwati Ni Made , Wijaya Andreas Budi
Published: January 2021

Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with COVID-19 might still have a risk of severe infection due to immunocompromised condition. The clinical features in oncology population are quite similar to those of previous reports in general pediatric cases. Chemotherapy should be arranged individually to balance the risk between leukemia progressivity itself and COVID-19 complications. Interruptions of therapy must be thought in cases with severe or symptomatic infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2. In this case report, chemotherapy will be started 1 week after the improvement of general condition. Chemotherapy should not be postponed for >14 days.
Aerospace Predictive Maintenance
Authors: Dibsdale Charles Edwin
Published: January 2021

Aerospace Predictive Maintenance: Fundamental Concepts, written by longtime practitioner Charles E. Dibsdale based in the UK, considers PdM a subset of Condition Based Maintenance (CBM), and must obey the same underlying rules and pre-requisites that apply to it. Yet, PdM is new because it takes advantage of emerging digital technology in sensing, acquiring data, communicating the data, and processing it. This capability can autonomously analyse the data and send alerts and advice to decision makers, potentially reducing through-life cost and improving safety. Aerospace Predictive Maintenance: Fundamental Concepts provides a history of maintenance, and how performance, safety and the environment make direct demands on maintenance to deliver more for less in multiple industries. It also covers Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) that aims to provide a platformcentric framework for PdM in the mobility domain. The book discusses PdM maturity, offering a context of the transformation of data through information and knowledge. Understanding some of the precepts of knowledge management provides a really useful and powerful perspective on PdM as an information system. On the other hand, Aerospace Predictive Maintenance: Fundamental Concepts also discusses disadvantages of PdM and shows how these may be addressed. One of the fundamental changes PdM implies is a shift from deterministic black-and-white thinking to more nuanced decision making informed by probabilities and uncertainty. Other concerns such as data management, privacy and ownership are tackled as well. Aerospace Predictive Maintenance: Fundamental Concepts covers additional technologies, such as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT) that will result in proliferation of cheap, wireless, ultra-low-power sensors, and will transform PdM into a more economical option. The book brings in the future possibilities of nano technology, which can be used for new sensors, micro-robotics for inspections and self-healing/repairing of systems which can be intergrated with PdM.
Automotive Emissions Regulations and Exhaust Aftertreatment Systems
Authors: Kasab John , Strzelec Andrea
Published: January 2021

The objective of this book is to present a fundamental development of the science and engineering underlying the design of exhaust aftertreatment systems for automotive internal combustion engines. No pre-requisite knowledge of the field is required: our objective is to acquaint the reader, whom we expect to be new to the field of emissions control, with the underlying principles, control methods, common problems, and fuel effects on catalytic exhaust aftertreatment devices. We do this in hope that they can better understand the previous and current generations of emissions control, and improve upon them. This book is designed for the engineer, researcher, designer, student, or any combination of those, who is concerned with the control of automotive exhaust emissions. It includes discussion of theory and fundamentals applicable to hardware development.