bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences in body mass index trajectories of adolescent psychiatric inpatients by sex, age, diagnosis and medication: an exploratory longitudinal, mixed effects analysis
Authors: Anthony Justine , Johnson William , Papathomas Anthony , Breen Kieran , Kinnafick Florence‐Emilie
Published: July 2022

Background

Adolescents in secure psychiatric care typically report high obesity rates. However, longitudinal research exploring the rate and extent of change is sparse. This study aimed to analyse sex differences in longitudinal body mass index (BMI) change for adolescents receiving treatment in a secure psychiatric hospital.

Methods

The sample comprised 670 adolescents in secure psychiatric care. BMI trajectories from admission to 50 months of hospitalisation were produced using sex‐stratified multilevel models. Systematic difference in mean BMI trajectories according to age at admission (14, 15, 16, or 17 years), medication (Olanzapine or Sodium Valproate), and primary diagnosis (Psychotic, non‐Psychotic or Functional/behavioural disorders) were investigated.

Results

Together, males and females experienced a mean BMI increase of 2.22 m/kg2 over the 50‐month period. For females, BMI increased from 25.69 m/kg2 to 30.31 m/kg2, and for males, reduced from 25.01 m/kg2 to 23.95 m/kg2. From 30 to 50 months, a plateau was observed for females and a reduction in BMI observed for males. Psychotic disorders in males (β 3.87; CI 1.1–6.7) were associated with the greatest rate of BMI change. For medication, Olanzapine in females was associated with the greatest rate of change (β1.78; CI −.89–4.47).

Conclusions

This is the first longitudinal study exploring longitudinal BMI change for adolescent inpatients. Results highlight that individual differences in adolescent inpatients result in differing levels of risk to weight gain in secure care. Specifically, males with psychotic disorders and females taking Olanzapine present the greatest risk of weight gain. This has implications for the prioritisation of interventions for those most at risk of weight gain.
Genetics of non‐isolated hemivertebra: A systematic review of fetal, neonatal, and infant cases
Authors: Powel Jennifer E. , Sham Catherine E. , Spiliopoulos Michail , Ferreira Carlos R. , Rosenthal Emily , Sinkovskaya Elena S. , Brown Shannon , Jelin Angie C. , Al‐Kouatly Huda B.
Published: July 2022

Hemivertebra is a congenital vertebral malformation caused by unilateral failure of formation during embryogenesis that may be associated with additional abnormalities. A systematic review was conducted to investigate genetic etiologies of non‐isolated hemivertebra identified in the fetal, neonatal, and infant periods using PubMed, Cochrane database, Ovid Medline, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception through May 2022 (PROSPERO ID CRD42021229576). The Human Phenotype Ontology database was accessed May 2022. Studies were deemed eligible for inclusion if they addressed non‐isolated hemivertebra or genetic causes of non‐isolated hemivertebra identified in the fetal, neonatal, or infant periods. Cases diagnosed clinically without molecular confirmation were included. Systematic review identified 23 cases of non‐isolated hemivertebra with karyotypic abnormalities, 2 cases due to microdeletions, 59 cases attributed to single gene disorders, 18 syndromic cases without known genetic etiology, and 14 cases without a known syndromic association. The Human Phenotype Ontology search identified 49 genes associated with hemivertebra. Non‐isolated hemivertebra is associated with a diverse spectrum of cytogenetic abnormalities and single gene disorders. Genetic syndromes were notably common. Frequently affected organ systems include musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, central nervous system, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and facial dysmorphisms. When non‐isolated hemivertebra is identified on prenatal ultrasound, the fetus must be assessed for associated anomalies and genetic counseling is recommended.
Subcortical and hippocampal brain segmentation in 5‐year‐old children: Validation of FSL‐FIRST and FreeSurfer against manual segmentation
Authors: Lidauer Kristian , Pulli Elmo P. , Copeland Anni , Silver Eero , Kumpulainen Venla , Hashempour Niloofar , Merisaari Harri , Saunavaara Jani , Parkkola Riitta , Lähdesmäki Tuire , Saukko Ekaterina , Nolvi Saara , Kataja Eeva‐Leena , Karlsson Linnea , Karlsson Hasse , Tuulari Jetro J.
Published: July 2022

Developing accurate subcortical volumetric quantification tools is crucial for neurodevelopmental studies, as they could reduce the need for challenging and time‐consuming manual segmentation. In this study, the accuracy of two automated segmentation tools, FSL‐FIRST (with three different boundary correction settings) and FreeSurfer, were compared against manual segmentation of the hippocampus and subcortical nuclei, including the amygdala, thalamus, putamen, globus pallidus, caudate and nucleus accumbens, using volumetric and correlation analyses in 80 5‐year‐olds.

Both FSL‐FIRST and FreeSurfer overestimated the volume on all structures except the caudate, and the accuracy varied depending on the structure. Small structures such as the amygdala and nucleus accumbens, which are visually difficult to distinguish, produced significant overestimations and weaker correlations with all automated methods. Larger and more readily distinguishable structures such as the caudate and putamen produced notably lower overestimations and stronger correlations. Overall, the segmentations performed by FSL‐FIRST's default pipeline were the most accurate, whereas FreeSurfer's results were weaker across the structures.

In line with prior studies, the accuracy of automated segmentation tools was imperfect with respect to manually defined structures. However, apart from amygdala and nucleus accumbens, FSL‐FIRST's agreement could be considered satisfactory (Pearson correlation > 0.74, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) > 0.68 and Dice score coefficient (DSC) > 0.87) with highest values for the striatal structures (putamen, globus pallidus, caudate) (Pearson correlation > 0.77, ICC > 0.87 and DSC > 0.88, respectively). Overall, automated segmentation tools do not always provide satisfactory results, and careful visual inspection of the automated segmentations is strongly advised.
Reasons for telling
Authors: Nettel Edward P.
Published: July 2022

I argue that we can explain how we acquire knowledge from what a speaker tells us by appealing to facts about the speaker's reasons for telling. That is because (1) among our reasons for telling somebody that P can be the fact that P; and (2) these reasons that are facts can be made manifest to our audiences by our telling them that P.
Ten‐year trends in hospitalizations related to cocaine abuse in France
Authors: Eiden Céline , Roy Sophie , Malafaye Nicolas , Lehmann Michel , Peyrière Hélène
Published: July 2022

In France, the abuse/misuse of psychoactive substances, including cocaine, is monitored via spontaneous notifications, and under‐reporting is its main limitation. Therefore, the French national hospital discharge database (Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'information [PMSI]) was used to identify all hospital stays possibly due to complications related to cocaine use. The objective was to determine the main trends in the rate of cocaine‐related hospitalizations from 2010 to 2019 by age category and by areas. Relevant PMSI data were extracted using the International Classification of Diseases (10th edition). In France, hospitalizations for cocaine‐related complications increased by fourfold (2461 in 2010, 9843 in 2019, +300%). This increase was similar in men and women and was observed in each age category. Patients were mainly men (75% in 2010 and in 2019), with a median age of 38.5 and 35.2 years for men and women, respectively, in 2019. Cocaine poisoning in pediatric patients (0–9 years) concerned less than 10 patients in 2010 and 21 patients in 2019. PMSI data analysis shows an overall increase of cocaine‐related hospitalizations in France from 2010 to 2019 that can be linked in part to an increasing recreational use. The increase of pediatric cases of cocaine poisoning suggests a trivialization of cocaine consumption.
The relationship between lexical use and L2 writing quality: A case of two genres
Authors: Zhang Xiaopeng
Published: July 2022

Extensive research has been done to explore how lexical use could predict the rated quality of L2 writing. However, the degree to which the rated quality is influenced by lexical use in different genres of L2 essays is relatively unexplored. This study tested the effect of lexical use on the rated quality of L2 argumentative and expository essays. Three natural language processing tools (i.e., the Lexical Complexity Analyzer, D_Tools, and TAALES) were employed to obtain the index of lexical density, diversity, and sophistication. Results suggested that the rated quality of both genres of L2 essays was not significantly predicted by lexical density and lexical diversity but was predicted by different indices of lexical sophistication. The striking difference in the prediction of lexical sophistication on the writing quality for both genres bears on academic word use. The observed pattern on lexical use in L2 writing across the two genres attested to the assumption that genre embodies socially constructed linguistic practices whereby L2 learners use various linguistic forms to achieve communicative goals.
The Adaptive Significance of Avian Mobbing
Authors: Curio E.
Published: July 2022

A distinction is made between fitness‐enhancing aspects of a trait and selective force(s) that result in its optimization. Any functional explanation conceived to account for the occurrence of mobbing behaviour must explain both the benefits for the initiator and for the birds joining it. Nine teleonomic hypotheses are proposed that permit predictions about the behaviour of the prey and/or the predator in terms of mobbing or its subsequent effects on the behaviour of both parties. Predictions of different hypotheses refer to different aspects of mobbing when prey and predator are considered concurrently. Only two hypotheses lead to contrasting predictions, i. e. to “strong inference tests”. The weakness of the teleonomic method is that it does not enable us to determine when the list of possible functions of a behaviour is exhausted.
Cation speciation, compactness, and structure‐property correlations in manganese aluminosilicate glasses
Authors: So Byoungjin , Ding Yicong , Limbach René , Pyo Jae‐Young , de Macedo Guilherme N. B. M. , Li Kai , Friebe Christian , Otto Felix , Schaal Maximilian , Liu Chao , Heo Jong , Wondraczek Lothar
Published: July 2022

We report on the elastic properties of xMnO‐Al2O3‐(6‐x)SiO2 manganese aluminosilicate glasses, in which pronounced exchange coupling and antiferromagnetic interaction occurs among the paramagnetic Mn2+ ions. X‐ray absorption reveals a Mn‐O bond length of ∼2.1 Å, and a distance of ∼3 Å between Mn2+ ions in sixfold coordination, further corroborated by electron paramagnetic resonance and dynamic photoluminescence spectroscopy. This indicates the presence of edge‐sharing MnO6 units, in resemblance to edge‐sharing MnO8 in the crystalline Spessartine garnet Mn3Al2[SiO4]3. We argue that these cluster species have a profound effect on material stiffness: the compact structure of manganese aluminosilicate glasses enables a Young's modulus in the 100 GPa range and a Poisson's ratio of about 0.3. This exceeds the compositional trend with cation field strength observed for other aluminosilicate glasses.
Screening and evaluating honokiol from Magnolia officinalis against Nocardia seriolae infection in largemouth bass (Micropterus Salmoides)
Authors: Jiang Xin‐Yuan , Ren Zong‐Yi , Zhang Nian‐Kun , Yang Ke‐Chen , Wang Gao‐Xue , Jiang Hai‐Feng
Published: July 2022

Nocardiosis caused by Nocardia seriolae is a major threat to the aquaculture industry. Given that prolonged therapy administration can lead to a growth of antibiotic resistant strains, new antibacterial agents and alternative strategies are urgently needed. In this study, 80 medicinal plants were selected for antibacterial screening to obtain potent bioactive compounds against N. seriolae infection. The methanolic extracts of Magnolia officinalis exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against N. seriolae with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 μg/ml. Honokiol and magnolol as the main bioactive components of M. officinalis showed higher activity with the MIC value of 3.12 and 6.25 μg/ml, respectively. Sequentially, the evaluation of antibacterial activity of honokiol in vivo showed that honokiol had good biosafety, and could significantly reduce the bacterial load of nocardia‐infected largemouth bass (p < .001). Furthermore, the survival rate of nocardia‐infected fish fed with 100 mg/kg honokiol was obviously improved (p < .05). Collectively, these results suggest that medicinal plants represent a promising reservoir for discovering active components against Nocardia, and honokiol has great potential to be developed as therapeutic agents to control nocardiosis in aquaculture.
A case of a large solitary fibrous tumor arising from the retroperitoneum resected completely using an intra‐aortic balloon
Authors: Tanaka Motoki , Hirayama Takashi , Fujihara Risa , Fujino Kazunari , Terao Yasuhisa , Itakura Atsuo
Published: July 2022

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare mesenchymal cell‐derived tumors that can cause substantial bleeding during surgery due to hyper‐vascularization. We report a case of a large retroperitoneal SFT resected completely using an intra‐aortic balloon. A 71‐year‐old female with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with a tumor that was diagnosed as an insulin‐like growth factor‐II‐producing benign SFT using computed tomography‐guided biopsy. The tumor had grown from 6 to 20 cm in diameter within 4 years, with concurrent and severe hypoglycemia. Preoperative computed tomography findings showed substantial blood flow toward the tumor. The retroperitoneal tumor was observed to be widely attached. Substantial hemorrhaging during tumor resection was observed despite vascular embolism. We inflated the intra‐aortic balloon for 45 min and resected the tumor completely. In conclusion, large SFT resection requires preoperative tumor blood flow evaluation and preparation of both a vascular embolism and an intra‐aortic balloon.
Oral English Proficiency Tests, Interpretive Labor, and the Neoliberal University
Authors: Nagai Julia , Everhart Edwin K.
Published: July 2022

Tests of English proficiency for international graduate students at US universities are neoliberal institutions which make (mis)communication the responsibility of individual workers. While cloaking themselves in a discourse of linguistic expertise, they require test‐takers to assimilate to white, upper class, American mannerisms. In this ethnographic study of two testing centers, we address their material and ideological consequences: increases in precarity and xenophobia, losses in pay and students' communicative competence. We trace tests' distribution of interpretive labor (Graeber 2015) and propose a new interactionally informed approach to intelligibility which accounts for the co‐operation (Goodwin 2018) of multiple subjects.
Whose gendered voices matter?: Race and gender in the articulation of /s/ in Bakersfield, California
Authors: Calder J. , King Sharese
Published: July 2022

/s/ frontness is one of the most robustly studied linguistic variables in language and gender research. While much previous literature has established the pattern that women produce fronter /s/ than men, production work on /s/ has either largely focused on White speakers or left speaker race unexplored. This article addresses this gap by examining the production of /s/ among African American and White speakers in Bakersfield, California. While the White speakers exhibit a gender split consonant with previous studies, African American Bakersfieldians exhibit no gender split, with African American men producing /s/ as front as African American women. We argue that African American men in Bakersfield avoid a backed production of /s/ indexical of a White country identity which has historically oppressed them in the area. These production patterns illuminate the importance of an intersectional analysis, taking into account the effect of speaker race on gendered variables like /s/.
Implementation and evaluation of a multilevel intervention to increase uptake of the human papillomavirus vaccine among rural adolescents
Authors: Dang Julie H. T. , McClure Sharon , Gori Alexandra C. T. , Martens Teresa , Mojadedi Arzoo , Smith Ulissa , Austin Chester J. , Chen Moon S.
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Geographic disparities exist in uptake of the human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV). In 2020, the National Immunization Survey‐Teen reported that adolescents living in nonmetropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) had lower HPV vaccination coverage (≥ 1 dose) compared to adolescents living in MSA principal cities. This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of a multilevel pilot intervention study to increase uptake of the HPV vaccine among adolescent patients ages 11‐17 of a rural health clinic.

Methods

This parent, primary care team, and clinic multilevel pilot intervention was guided by evidence‐based approaches to increase HPV vaccinations, formative research, and input from the community. HPV vaccination initiation and completion rates were analyzed at baseline and 23 months follow‐up.

Findings

The proportion of adolescent patients ages 11‐17 who had initiated the HPV vaccine series was significantly greater at follow‐up compared to baseline, (82.7% compared to 52.4%), χ2 (1, n = 498) = 49.2, P < .0001. The proportion of adolescent patients ages 11‐17 who had completed the HPV vaccine series was also significantly greater at follow‐up compared to baseline, (58.0% compared to 27.0%), χ2 (1, n = 498) = 50.8, P < .0001.

Conclusions

The multilevel intervention significantly increased HPV initiation and completion rates among adolescent patients ages 11‐17 at this rural health clinic. This study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing a multilevel intervention to address low HPV vaccination rates among rural adolescents and the potential of employing this strategy for a large‐scale randomizing‐controlled trial.
Bivariate random coefficient integer‐valued autoregressive models: Parameter estimation and change point test
Authors: Lee Sangyeol , Jo Minyoung
Published: July 2022

This study examines a first‐order bivariate random coefficient integer‐valued autoregressive (BRCINAR) model and the inferential procedures of this model, such as the parameter estimation and parameter change test. We first introduce the BRCINAR model and investigate its probabilistic properties such as stationarity, ergodicity, and high moment conditions, and then propose estimation methods such as the conditional least squares (CLS), modified quasi‐likelihood (MQL), and exponential family quasi‐likelihood (EQL) methods. As an application, a parameter change test is considered. For this task, a residual‐based cumulative sum (CUSUM) test is employed. To evaluate the performances of the three estimation methods and the respective CUSUM tests, we conduct a Monte Carlo simulation study and demonstrate the adequacy of the proposed methods. A real data analysis is also carried out using syphilis data in the United States for illustration.
Adverse effects of polymyxin B administration to healthy horses
Authors: van Spijk Julia N. , Beckmann Katrin , Wehrli Eser Meret , Boxler Martina , Stirn Martina , Rhyner Thea , Kaelin Dana , Saleh Lanja , Schoster Angelika
Published: July 2022

Background

Polymyxin B (PolyB) is used to treat endotoxemia in horses; neurologic and nephrogenic adverse effects occur in humans.

Objectives

To describe PolyB adverse effects in horses.

Animals

Five healthy horses (ataxia 0/5), 1 horse with cervical osteoarthritis (ataxia 1/5).

Methods

Prospective blinded randomized cross‐over trial; 3‐weeks wash out. Horses received PolyB (PolyB 6000 IU/kg IV, 7 doses q12h, n = 6) and PolyB/gentamicin (PolyB 6000 IU/kg IV, q12h 7 doses; gentamicin 10 mg/kg IV q24h 4 doses n = 4, or q12‐24 h 5 doses because of an additional erroneous dose, n = 2). Daily neurological examinations were video recorded, and ataxia graded by 3 observers. Urine status, urinary GGT/creatinine ratio, plasma creatinine, and urea were assessed every other day, EMG daily. Mixed model analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with ataxia grade and [PolyB].

Results

Median ataxia score increased from 0/5 (range 0‐2/5) to 2/5 (range 1‐3/5) during administration and declined to 0.5/5 (range 0‐2/5) after cessation. Gentamicin co‐administration (P < .01, effect size: .8), number of PolyB doses (P < .001, effect size: .6), and time since last PolyB dose (P < .001, effect size: .5) had a significant effect on ataxia grades, while horse, day, [Genta], [PolyB], and [PolyB]CSFdid not. Gentamicin co‐administration and [Genta] Cpeakhad no effect on median [PolyB] Cpeak(4.67 and 4.89 μg/ml for PolyB and PolyB/gentamicin, respectively). Urinary GGT/creatinine ratio was elevated in 3/6 horses receiving PolyB/gentamicin. The EMG remained unchanged.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

PolyB caused transient ataxia, worsening with cumulative PolyB doses and gentamicin co‐administration. Nephrotoxicity of PolyB was only evident when gentamicin was co‐administered.
Quality and constructed knowledge: Truth, paradigms, and the state of the science
Authors: Grant Janet , Grant Leonard
Published: July 2022

Context and truth

Education is a social science. Social science knowledge is related to its context of origin. The concept of global ‘truth’ in education is therefore of limited use when truth is tempered by context. The wider applicability of our knowledge can only be judged if we look at the context in which that knowledge was produced and the assumptions that underpin it. This calls into question the idea that educational research is a quest for global ‘truth’, although in relation to programme evaluation, truth tied to context is an aim. An analysis is presented of the effects of social construction on research and evaluation processes, on the selection of paradigms, reporting and interpreting findings, and on the ethics of all this.

Quality and improvement

Quality improvement is based on information selected, constructed and interpreted by those who gather, analyse or use it. The strength, and not the weakness, of our knowledge is that it is socially constructed, contextual and of its time. Increasingly looking for our own truth about educational quality, and not importing the truth of others, is crucial to the state of the science. In terms of quality development, using others' findings must be based on informed local judgement. In social science, those judgements are linked to social context and their associated ideologies.

Implications for future work

The hallmark of social science is not a narrowing of focus and the search for one truth, but is a broadening of concepts, theories, paradigms, reported experience and method, and an intention for each to tell their own truth well. This will lead to a wealth of diverse views and analysed experience. The science of medical education must seek many truths.
Comparison of liposomal amphotericin B alone and in combination with flucytosine in the treatment of non‐HIV Cryptococcal meningitis: A nationwide observational study
Authors: Takazono Takahiro , Hidaka Yusuke , Morimoto Shimpei , Tashiro Masato , Ashizawa Nobuyuki , Hirayama Tatsuro , Takeda Kazuaki , Iwanaga Naoki , Hosogaya Naoki , Yamamoto Kazuko , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yanagihara Katsunori , Mukae Hiroshi , Izumikawa Koichi
Published: July 2022

Background

Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is an opportunistic infectious disease that occurs in immunocompromised hosts, not only in patients living with HIV, but also in patients without HIV. The evidence regarding the treatment for CM in patients without HIV is mainly found in small retrospective studies and is extremely limited.

Objectives

In the present study, we compared the efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B (L‐AMB) alone and in combination with flucytosine (5‐FC) for the induction treatment of CM in patients without HIV.

Patients/Methods

Data were gathered from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database obtained from hospitals throughout Japan. The study included 517 patients without HIV but having CM who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. We analysed the average effect of adding 5‐FC to L‐AMB treatment using the survival time within 14 days of the diagnosis after adjustment of the baseline clinical characteristics with associations with both selections of the treatment and the prognosis.

Results

A total of 146 and 217 CM patients received L‐AMB and L‐AMB with 5‐FC, respectively, within 7 days of diagnosis. L‐AMB with 5‐FC showed better prognosis than L‐AMB on day 14 (mortality 6% vs. 11%, hazard ratio, 0.5775; 95% confidence interval, 0.2748–1.213; p = 0.1, Wald test).

Conclusions

From the results of this real‐world database study, we revealed that the combination therapy of 5‐FC on L‐AMB for induction therapy might have an advantage on the survival time of NHNT patients with CM as well as PLHIV patients with CM.
Russula kashmiriana sp. nov. in subgenus Tenellula from Himalayan temperate forests of Pakistan
Authors: Khurshid Rubab , Naseer Arooj , Ahmad Israr , Khalid Abdul Nasir
Published: July 2022

Russula kashmiriana sp. nov (subg. Tenellula, sect. Laricinae) has been collected and described from Himalayan coniferous forests of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K), Pakistan. The taxon is characterized by bright reddish orange pileus with cracked margins and obvious reddish orange circle on the pileus, yellow context and light olive to yellowish amyloid basidiospores. Micro and macroscopic features along with molecular phylogenetic analysis based on large subunit (LSU) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences data confirmed the status of Russula kashmiriana as a distinct species.
The translatability of genetic networks from model to crop species: lessons from the past and perspectives for the future
Authors: Inzé Dirk , Nelissen Hilde
Published: July 2022

Comparative analyses of growth‐regulatory mechanisms between Arabidopsis and maize revealed that even when the gene space is conserved, the translation of knowledge from model species to crops is not trivial. Based on these insights, we formulate future opportunities to improve the interpretation of curiosity‐driven research towards crop improvement.
Association between maternal adiposity measures and infant health outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nguyen Giang , Hayes Louise , Ngongalah Lem , Bigirumurame Theophile , Gaudet Laura , Odeniyi Adefisayo , Flynn Angela , Crowe Lisa , Skidmore Becky , Simon Alexandre , Smith Vikki , Heslehurst Nicola
Published: July 2022

Maternal obesity increases risks of adverse fetal and infant outcomes. Guidelines use body mass index to diagnose maternal obesity. Evidence suggests body fat distribution might better predict individual risk, but there is a lack of robust evidence during pregnancy. We explored associations between maternal adiposity and infant health. Searches included six databases, references, citations, and contacting authors. Screening and quality assessment were carried out by two authors independently. Random effects meta‐analysis and narrative synthesis were conducted. We included 34 studies (n = 40,143 pregnancies). Meta‐analysis showed a significant association between maternal fat‐free mass and birthweight (average effect [AE] 18.07 g, 95%CI 12.75, 23.38) but not fat mass (AE 8.76 g, 95%CI −4.84, 22.36). Women with macrosomic infants had higher waist circumference than controls (mean difference 4.93 cm, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05, 8.82). There was no significant association between subcutaneous fat and large for gestational age (odds ratio 1.06 95% CI 0.91, 1.25). Waist‐to‐hip ratio, neck circumference, skinfolds, and visceral fat were significantly associated with several infant outcomes including small for gestational age, preterm delivery, neonatal morbidity, and mortality, although meta‐analysis was not possible for these variables. Our findings suggest that some measures of maternal adiposity may be useful for risk prediction of infant outcomes. Individual participant data meta‐analysis could overcome some limitations in our ability to pool published data.
Breath biopsy, a novel technology to identify head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review
Authors: Kok Rachel , van Schaijik Bede , Johnson Newell W. , Malki Mohammed Imad , Frydrych Agnieszka , Kujan Omar
Published: July 2022

Head and neck cancers are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, which together comprise the sixth most common cancer globally. Breath biopsies are a non‐invasive clinical investigation that detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath. This systematic review examines current applications of breath biopsy for the diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), including data on efficacy and utility, and speculates on the future uses of this non‐invasive detection method. Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Scopus, as well as the grey literature were searched using a search strategy developed to identify relevant studies on the role of breath biopsy in the diagnosis of HNSCC. All included studies were subject to a thorough methodological quality assessment. The initial search generated a total of 1443 articles, 20 of which were eligible for review. A total of 660 HNSCC samples were investigated across the included studies. 3,7‐dimethylundecane and benzaldehyde were among several VOCs to be significantly correlated with the presence of HNSCC compared to healthy controls. We show that current breath biopsy methods have high accuracy, specificity and sensitivity for identifying HNSCC. However, further studies are needed given the reported poor quality of the included studies.
Alveolar bone and tibia responses to hormonal and mineral abnormalities in rats with chronic kidney disease: A pilot study
Authors: Kim Ae Ri , Lee Youn Soo , Kim Myeong‐A , Kang Dam‐Bi , Bak Eun‐Jung , Yoo Yun‐Jung
Published: July 2022

Objectives

As the impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) severity on different bone types remains unclear, we induced increasing levels of CKD severity in a rat model and investigated hormone and mineral levels as well as alveolar and tibia bone histomorphology.

Methods

Rats were divided into sham operation (sham), 4/6 nephrectomy (4/6Nx), 5/6Nx, and 4/6Nx with hyperphosphorous (HP) diet (4/6NxHP). At week 20, BUN, FGF23, PTH, and P were estimated in plasma. Bone parameters were evaluated by microCT, and osteoclasts and osteoid areas were evaluated by TRAP and H&E stains, respectively.

Results

The 4/6NxHP and 5/6Nx groups had elevated PTH, and the 4/6NxHP group alone had elevated P. Compared to the 4/6Nx group, the 4/6NxHP group demonstrated increased FGF23 and P. In the alveolar bone, the 4/6NxHP group had reduced bone volume and BMD compared to the sham and 4/6Nx groups. In the tibia cortical bone, bone surface density was higher in the 4/6NxHP group compared to the sham group. Tibia cortical bone volume was negatively correlated with FGF23 and P. Moreover, alveolar bone volume was negatively correlated with FGF23, PTH, and P.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that hormone and mineral levels vary with CKD severity, and alveolar bone loss strongly correlates with these hormone and mineral alterations.
Pediatric lung transplantation for COVID‐19: Unique clinical and psychosocial barriers
Authors: Kumar Anupam , Li Gloria W. , Segraves Justin M. , Mattar Aladdein , Ramineni Maheshwari , Loor Gabriel , Garcha Puneet S.
Published: July 2022

Background

SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in the age group of 0–17 years contributes to approximately 22% of all laboratory‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infections. Fortunately, this age group has a lower death rate (0.5 per 100 000) that accounts for only 4% of the total deaths due to COVID‐19. Despite the low mortality rate in the pediatric population, children of minority groups represented 78% of the deaths highlighting the existing disparities in access to health care.

Methods

With the emergence of the more contagious COVID‐19 variants and the relatively slow pace of vaccination among the pediatric population, it is possible to see more cases of significant lung injury and potential for transplantation for the younger age group.

Results

To our knowledge, our patient is the youngest to have undergone lung transplantation for SARS‐CoV‐2.

Conclusion

The case presented unique challenges, particularly in relation to timing for listing and psychosocial support for parents who were his decision makers.
Rationality: What difference does it make?
Authors: McLear Colin
Published: July 2022

A variety of interpreters have argued that Kant construes the animality of human beings as ‘transformed’, in some sense, through the possession of rationality. I argue that this interpretation admits of multiple readings and that it is either wrong, or doesn't result in the conclusion for which its proponents argue. I also explain the sense in which rationality nevertheless significantly differentiates human beings from other animals.
Operations, risk, and small firms: Field results from irrigation equipment vendors in Senegal
Authors: Brennan Mark , Graves Stephen , Spielberg Jonars , Sanyal Bish
Published: July 2022

What are supply chain management challenges in a lower‐income economy, and how do managers at smaller firms address them? This field study presents these challenges from the perspective of the 60 managers who run firms selling irrigation equipment in Senegal. By canvasing 35 cities, we gain unique visibility into how private supply chains, on which public officials and smallholder farmers in Africa rely, effectively deliver agricultural goods. The primary challenges for managers in this supply chain are day‐to‐day risks that are quality and contractual in nature and have financial implications. City size in combination with supplier type, firm size, and manager network determine risk exposure. Firms’ efforts to manage the chain are more reactive than proactive and more informal than formal, which reveals an opportunity for public agencies to support supplier and customer coordination. Public decision makers should tailor support to account for the differential risks that city size brings to supply chain management. This support should include not just financing the firms directly but should also entail giving loans to customers, certifying suppliers, and sharing inventory risk with public and nonprofit partners.
Basic human values and sick leave: A study combining two‐wave survey data with longitudinal register data
Authors: Løset Gøril Kvamme , Hellevik Tale , von Soest Tilmann
Published: July 2022

There is growing recognition that dispositional factors and social norms can predict work absence. Human values have been linked to related concepts, including work commitment and receipt of disability pension; however, there is a lack of research on whether human values are associated with sickness absence. We address this issue by combining survey data from two waves (2007, 2017) of the Norwegian Life‐Course, Ageing and Generation Study (N = 1,330) with longitudinal register data on sickness absence between survey waves. Stepwise regression analyses showed that, out of Schwartz's 10 basic values, achievement was prospectively associated with higher levels of self‐reported sick leave, even when controlling for a variety of potential confounders. Self‐direction was also related to higher risk of self‐reported sick leave in the adjusted analysis. Conservation values (security and conformity) were related to stricter attitudes toward sick leave when controlling for potential confounders, while stimulation was associated with lenient sick leave attitudes in the adjusted analysis. None of the human values were prospectively associated with longer‐term register‐based sick leave beyond bivariate correlations. We conclude that broad human values to some extent predict attitudes toward sick leave and self‐certified sick leave where persons may vary according to which degree they consider sick leave to be necessary and appropriate, while human values do not predict long‐term, physician‐certified sickness absence. Future research may examine whether health‐ or work‐specific values have greater explanatory power for sick leave, including long‐term sickness absence that is typically more closely linked to more serious health problems.
Deciphering the offensive process in women's elite football: A multivariate study
Authors: Maneiro Rubén , Iván‐Baragaño Iyán , Losada José L. , Ardá Antonio
Published: July 2022

Over the last few years, there has been considerable increase in scientific knowledge about women's football. However, the tactical and tactical‐strategic aspects have not yet been sufficiently covered in scientific literature. Therefore, this work proposed the following aims: To describe how the offensive phase is produced in women's football, to identify the significant statistical criteria that may be modulating success in attack, and finally to propose different predictive success models, with the ultimate aim of passing this knowledge on to the applied field. The observational methodology was used, one of the most appropriate methodologies for the analysis of motor behaviors in sport. The units of analysis collected and analyzed were 6063 attacks carried out during the FIFA Women's World Cup Canada 2015 and France 2019. The available results demonstrate that, on the one hand, offensive team actions are ineffective (almost 70% finish unsuccessfully), but criteria such as the start form of the attack, zone of ball possession, partial match result, or ball possession time are statistically significant criteria that modulate attack success (goal, shot or pass into the area). Lastly, the multivariate results allow us to propose a theoretical model, passing the probability of success from 31% in the absence of a model, to a theoretical auction probability of 52.6%, based on fast attacks with the intervention of few players, and with possession zone in the opposite field. These results could be directly transferred to the practical field where trainers and technical bodies can put this information into practice in training sessions or matches.
Description of the novel HLA‐A allele, HLA‐A*02:937 in a Chinese individual
Authors: He ZhiHang , Ji Xin , Luo Chen , Chen Qiang , Wang Jue
Published: July 2022

HLA‐A*02:937 has one nucleotide change compared with HLA‐A*02:07:01:01 in codon 182 of exon 3 (ACG>GCG).
Reversal of right ventricular pressure loading improves biventricular function independent of fibrosis in a rabbit model of pulmonary artery banding
Authors: Fujioka Tao , Akazawa Yohei , Ide Haruki , Karur Gauri Rani , Bannan Badr , Grosse‐Wortmann Lars , Sun Mei , Hui Wei , Slorach Cameron , Honjo Osami , Friedberg Mark K.
Published: July 2022

Right ventricular (RV) pressure loading leads to RV and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction through RV hypertrophy, dilatation and fibrosis. Relief of RV pressure load improves RV function. However, the impact and mechanisms on biventricular reverse‐remodelling and function are only partially characterized. We evaluated the impact of RV pressure overload relief on biventricular remodelling and function in a rabbit model of reversible pulmonary artery banding (PAB). Rabbits were randomized to three groups: (1) Sham‐operated controls (n = 7); (2) PAB (NDef, n = 7); (3) PAB followed by band deflation (Def, n = 5). Sham and NDef animals were sacrificed at 6 weeks after PAB surgery. Def animals underwent PAB deflation at 6 weeks and sacrifice at 9 weeks. Biventricular geometry, function, haemodynamics, hypertrophy and fibrosis were compared between groups using echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, high‐fidelity pressure‐tipped catheters and histology. RV pressure loading caused RV dilatation, systolic dysfunction, myocyte hypertrophy and LV compression which improved after PAB deflation. RV end‐diastolic pressure (RVEDP) decreased after PAB deflation, although remaining elevated vs. Sham. LV end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was unchanged following PAB deflation. RV and LV collagen volumes in the NDef and Def group were increased vs. Sham, whereas RV and LV collagen volumes were similar between NDef and Def groups. RV myocyte hypertrophy (r = 0.75, P < 0.001) but not collagen volume was related to RVEDP. LV myocyte hypertrophy (r = 0.58, P = 0.016) and collagen volume (r = 0.56, P = 0.031) correlated with LVEDP. In conclusion, relief of RV pressure overload improves RV and LV geometry, hypertrophy and function independent of fibrosis. The long‐term implications of persistent fibrosis and increased biventricular filling pressures, even after pressure load relief, need further study.

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Key points

Right ventricular (RV) pressure loading in a pulmonary artery banding rabbit model is associated with RV dilatation, left ventricular (LV) compression; biventricular myocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis and dysfunction.

The mechanisms and impact of RV pressure load relief on biventricular remodelling and function has not been extensively studied.

Relief of RV pressure overload improves biventricular geometry in conjunction with improved RV myocyte hypertrophy and function independent of reduced fibrosis.

These findings raise questions as to the importance of fibrosis as a therapeutic target.
Cuerpos-manglar: sedimentación, extracción y patrimonialización de las figuras cerámicas Tumaco-La Tolita
Authors: Dávila Romero José Gabriel
Published: July 2022

¿Qué ocurrió cuando las figuras de cerámica Tumaco-La Tolita pasaron de ser conjuntos rituales y domésticos del pasado para transformarse gradualmente en sedimentos, guacas y, por último, en patrimonio material de la nación? Este artículo pone el foco en las agencias ambientales y extractivas que subyacen al problema cultural de la circulación y musealización de las figurinas precolombinas, en que resulta crucial el trasfondo histórico de guaqueo, tráfico y coleccionismo de piezas en el sitio arqueológico de La Tolita. Entender que los proyectos patrimoniales de la nación colombiana han estado estrechamente vinculados a la explotación de recursos mercadeables desde el siglo XIX explica un trasfondo histórico en que la arqueología cultural sirvió a los proyectos nacionalistas, bancarios y segregacionistas para consolidar proyectos económicos e ideológicos de progreso. A su vez, este trabajo recoge reflexiones sobre la agencia misma de los fragmentos cerámicos como ensamblajes de actuaciones que no son únicamente humanas, sino también acuáticas, forestales y sedimentarias: la distinción entre organismos vivos e inorganismos aparece como una conceptualización clave para explicar cómo el fenómeno de la extracción descontextualiza las piezas de sus entornos, tan solo por el hecho de no ser entidades biológicas con funciones estrictamente ecológicas y funcionales dentro del paisaje.
La catástrofe del Mar Menor: catarsis educativa desde lo sonoro y lo visual
Authors: Montoya Rubio Juan Carlos , Yelo Cano Juan Jesús , Soler Valcárcel Luis
Published: July 2022

Este artículo parte de la asfixiante situación del Mar Menor, al sureste de España, la cual se ha visibilizado en los últimos tiempos con la aparición de toneladas de peces muertos en sus aguas. Sin embargo, este hecho no deja de ser la punta del iceberg de un conjunto de actuaciones antropogénicas sostenidas en el tiempo. El principal objetivo del artículo es mostrar prácticas generadas por alumnos de Bachillerato, residentes en la región en cuestión, como parte de una investigación en la que las artes visuales y sonoras tratan de empatizar con el territorio y reconocer la necesidad de sensibilizar a las nuevas generaciones en un cambio que las anteriores no han perpetrado, mostrando una voluntad inequívoca de conciliación con el ecosistema. La metodología empleada surge de la unión de aspectos curriculares propios de los programas educativos de los estudiantes con iniciativas artísticas vanguardistas aplicadas a la educación. Los estudiantes desarrollaron actividades creativas al generar evocaciones por medio de composiciones plásticas y archivos sonoros, a partir de los cuales establecer claves interpretativas sobre cómo entender la coexistencia de todos los integrantes del entorno. Así, los resultados obtenidos muestran la capacidad de análisis y solidez de los planteamientos elucubrados por el estudiantado, además del desarrollo de innegables conductas creativas de alto valor. Por tanto, se concluye que el aporte de la investigación y su originalidad radica en el hecho de que son jóvenes de la zona afectada los que, desde un plano emocional y por medio de una especial conexión con la situación acaecida, establecen un nuevo orden de relación con el ecosistema a través de las artes, embebiéndose del sufrimiento del hábitat y representándolo simbólicamente, lo cual facilita que las generaciones siguientes interpreten de manera correcta su inserción en el entorno como un elemento más de coexistencia armoniosa.
Mil floraciones: diversificación epistémica desde lo más que visual
Authors: Caballero Díaz Alexander , Orihuela Ibañez Diego
Published: July 2022

Este artículo es un ejercicio de teoría-ficción en el que los dos autores piensan críticamente sobre el estricto y eurocéntrico marco de construcción de conocimiento humanista tradicional que siempre ha privilegiado la visión como herramienta para analizar lo no humano. Durante el ejercicio de crítica, se ofrece la praxis de la escritura como una metodología; es decir, una posible salida al impasse de la visión humanista a través de relatos ficticios y ensambles teóricos poco ortodoxos con la intención de ir más allá de la visualidad a través de evocaciones táctiles, oníricas y experienciales. El objetivo es partir desde otros sentidos para abrir posibilidades de analizar cómo el conocimiento podría construirse de manera distintas desde el Sur global, el cual ha sido observado y relamido por la tradición antropocéntrica ocular.
La vinculación emocional con la otredad como posibilidad de transformación subjetiva hacia la inclusión: el caso de Mi maestro el pulpo
Authors: Beltrán-Luengas Elsa María , Osorno Acosta Viviana , Villaneda Vásquez Alejandro
Published: July 2022

Este artículo busca analizar el vínculo emocional humano-animal en el documental Mi maestro el pulpo, para comprender el proceso de transformación subjetiva del humano dentro de la etnografía mutiespecies y sensorial. Asimismo, propone una reinterpretación estético-emocional y expresiva de estas emociones por parte de los autores, para visibilizar el potencial del cine como lugar de involucramiento afectivo. La aproximación metodológica consistió en la categorización de las escenas de acuerdo con indicadores concretos de las emociones detonadas. Encontramos que el vínculo emocional que nos muestra el documental se puede caracterizar como la ruptura de los hábitos y el surgimiento del miedo, el asombro, el amor, la compasión y la aflicción. Concluimos que el miedo se puede transformar mediante la apertura al asombro, lo cual conduce al desarrollo de emociones incluyentes. Nuestro aporte consiste en la descripción detallada de las emociones concretas que ocurren en el encuentro y de la reflexividad sobre estas, utilizando categorías enmarcadas en la antropología cultural, lo cual nos permite evidenciar la agencia específica de la otredad cefalópoda y sus posibilidades de relacionamiento con los seres humanos. Lo anterior señala un posible camino hacia la inclusión de otredades radicales.