bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between School Principal’s Leadership Behavior and Teacher’s Job Satisfaction in Secondary Schools in Puntland, Somalia
Authors: Mohamed Hassan Ali , Duale Hassan Abdillahi
Published: January 2025

This study explored the association between school principal’s leadership behaviour and teacher’s job satisfaction in secondary schools in the Puntland, Somalia. A quantitative approach with a correlational design was employed. The target population comprised 14 governmental secondary schools, and a sample of 12 schools was selected. Out of 240 teachers, 140 (70 from each region) were chosen through census and proportional stratified sampling techniques. Two questionnaires were used: a self-developed Effective Leadership Behaviour Questionnaire for principals and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire for teachers. Using descriptive and inferential statistics like Pearson’s correlation coefficient, two independent t-tests, and one-way ANOVA, the data were analysed using SPSS. The findings revealed that change-oriented leadership behaviour was the most dominant (M = 4.0, SD = .85). Overall, principals displayed a moderate level of effective leadership (M = 3.20, SD = .80), and schools showed no significant differences in this regard (F(11, 140) = 0.145, p = 0.99). Teacher’s job satisfaction was also moderate (M = 3.20, SD = 0.86), with individual variations. Teachers’ job satisfaction and principal’s leadership behavior had a weak but positive and significant connection (r = 0.196, p = 0.020). Principals were found to practice task- and change-oriented leadership more frequently than relation-oriented leadership. The study recommends that principals improve their relation-oriented leadership to enhance teachers’ job satisfaction. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
Management of a Right Tibial Proximal Third Open Comminuted Fracture: Surgical Disarticulation of Right Stifle Joint in a 1-Year-Old Hen Pigeon (Columba livia domestica)
Authors: Sambo Paul , Oladele Oludotun , Kalang Japheth , Negedu Ameji
Published: January 2025

Traumatic pelvic limb fractures in pet birds are rare and primarily result from trauma. Avian bones are fragile and prone to fragmentation due to various natural and anthropogenic events. This case report describes the diagnosis, anesthesia protocol, surgical management, post-operative care, and remarkable outcome of a right tibial comminuted fracture in a one-year-old hen pigeon (Columba livia domestica). A one-year-old hen pigeon was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Jos, Nigeria, with a broken right pelvic limb after being attacked by a young lad. The attack occurred 30 minutes prior to presentation. Clinical examination revealed extensive tissue damage including an open wound with a complete fracture and bone fragment at the proximal third of the right tibia, accompanied by hemorrhages, tenderness, pale ocular mucous membranes, and lethargy. The impact of the attack was the primary cause of the comminuted fracture. Due to logistical constraints and the patient's critical condition, pre-operative radiographic imaging was not feasible. A definitive diagnosis of right tibial proximal third open comminuted fracture was readily made based on the gross tissue damage. Following standard aseptic protocol, stifle disarticulation was performed under local anesthesia to alleviate the bird's excruciating pain. Local anesthesia was achieved with 10mg lidocaine hydrochloride via local infiltration at the stifle. Due to the bird's critical condition, local anesthesia was preferred over general anesthesia. A 5mm stab skin incision was made distal to the right stifle, followed by blunt dissection of the musculature and disarticulation at the tibiofemoral joint. 5mm musculature distal to the stifle was transected and the skin was routinely sutured with size 3/0 silk suture. Post-operative care included injectable amoxicillin, piroxicam, and iron dextran administration, along with alternative-day wound dressing. Skin sutures were removed eight days post-surgery. The pigeon made a remarkable recovery, regaining balance and flying comfortably. Post-recovery imaging was not feasible as all arrangements made with the client following the bird's recovery ultimately fell through. To our knowledge, this case represents the first reported instance of a comminuted tibial fracture in a pigeon managed with stifle disarticulation. The successful outcome of this case proves stifle disarticulation to be an effective treatment option for complex fractures in birds, underscoring the importance of innovative strategies, prompt surgical intervention and addressing a significant gap in the literature. At the time of this report, the pet bird is currently nesting and brooding its eggs.
Keywords: Hen pigeon, Comminuted tibial fracture, Proximal third, Stifle disarticulation.
Reasons for leaving against medical advice (LAMA) in the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital: A Cross-sectional study
Authors: Alharbi Abeer , Alanazi Shahad
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims:
To identify the common reasons for leaving against the medical advice (LAMA) and the rate of going to another hospital or admission for the same complaint within 24 hours after LAMA.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study using a telephone interview. The study population is patients who left against medical advice between January 1st, 2022, and December 31st, 2022, in the emergency department at King Khaled University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Results:
The top three reasons for LAMA: long waiting time (40.2%); the patient’s condition improved and there is no need to stay (32.5%): and not satisfied with the quality of the service provided (20.1%). 43.3% went to another hospital for the same condition. 20.6% were admitted to a hospital after LAMA.

Conclusions:
This study shed light on the most common reasons for LAMA in the emergency room as well as identifying the rate of LAMA patients who went to another hospital and/or were admitted. Our findings provide valuable and new information regarding LAMA in the emergency department that would inform the healthcare authorities to develop and implement policies that will reduce the occurrence of LAMA.
An Overview of Novel Adjuvants and Delivery Platforms as a Model Approach to Current Vaccine Development
Authors: Emeruwa Akunna , Oli Angus , Ugwu Malachy
Published: January 2025

Vaccine development is one of the most significant achievements of humans in Biomedicine. These vaccines are usually supplemented with adjuvants to enhance immunity. Apart from alum which is recognized as the gold standard, one may increase the quality of the vaccine by adding other adjuvants or agents that boost the immune response with improved delivery vehicles such as liposomes, immune-stimulating complexes (ISCOMs), and micro/nanospheres. Adjuvants stimulate the effectiveness of a vaccine by activating the immune system to respond more strongly to the vaccine, resulting in enhanced immunity to a particular disease/antigen. Adjuvants do this by imitating specific sets of identical molecular sequences like lipopolysaccharides (LPS), bacterial cell wall basic constituents, and endocytosed nucleic acids such as double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA), single-stranded ribonucleic acid (ssRNA), and unmethylated CpG-dinucleotide containing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Apart from incorporating adjuvants to improve vaccine quality, the delivery system also is an important aspect of vaccine development. The development of next-generation technology has been explored to generate a vaccine with the same efficacy as the original live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines, but without the hazards and limitations that come with them, including their delivery methods. These novel vaccines have explored methods for targeted delivery of antigenic material, as well as for the control of release profiles so that dosing regimens can be matched to the timelines of immune system stimulation and the realities of healthcare delivery in dispersed populations. This review covers vaccination adjuvants and delivery vehicles that are currently in use/still developing.
Factors affecting adherence to Hepatitis C treatment at Tehsil Headquarter Hospital, Shujabad District Multan, Pakistan
Authors: Ijaz Bushra , Buhkari Mehreen , Tufail Nadia , Shahaheen Azra , Naqvi Syeda
Published: January 2025

Objective: To determine the frequency of adherence to hepatitis C treatment and assessment of the factors that are associated with non-adherence to its treatment.
Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional was conducted at Tehsil Head Quarter Hospital, Shujabad District Multan from 1st August 2021 to 1st April 2022. A total of 173 participants with chronic hepatitis C taking antiviral medications were recruited through a non-probability convenient sampling technique. The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) was used to evaluate the level of adherence to treatment. Data analyses were done using SPSS version 25. Pearson chi-square was used to identify the variables linked to non-adherence to treatment.
Results: Out of 173 patients, 12.7% had high adherence, 35.8% had medium adherence, and 51.4% had low adherence to treatment. We found that non-adherence to hepatitis C treatment was significantly associated with low education status, low income, smoking, duration of illness, co-morbid illnesses, and marital status.
Conclusion: Non-adherence to hepatitis C treatment is highly prevalent among hepatitis C patients. Understanding patients’ socio-demographic factors and appropriate counselling services is important in achieving high adherence to hepatitis C treatment.
The Role of Muhammadiyah Student Organization as a Cadre Organization in Muhammadiyah 1 Yogyakarta High School
Authors: Haq Alief Yoga Dhiyaul , Ridho Muhammad Rasyid , Mutiara Destita
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine the role of the Muhammadiyah Student Association of Muhammadiyah 1 Yogyakarta High School (IPM Muhi) as a forum for Muhammadiyah regeneration in schools and to describe the supporting and inhibiting factors in carrying out its role. This research uses a case study approach with qualitative research methods. Data collection techniques through observation and interviews. The results of the study showed that the Muhammadiyah Student Association Branch of SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Yogyakarta has played a role as a forum for regeneration of Muhammadiyah in schools. This is realized in formal regeneration activities and non-formal regeneration. The activities are directed to 4 main themes of concentration, namely; 1) Peers, 2) Ecology, 3) Literacy, and 4) Entrepreneur. Supporting factors 1) The school provides support in the form of policies and conditioning of educators and teaching staff to participate in supporting the cadre program at school. 2) The school fully supports the funding of IPM Muhi activities. Inhibiting factors 1) low awareness of active participation by students in the activity program, 2) differences in understanding between the school and IPM Muhi administrators, 3) IPM Muhi administrators who psychologically do not fully understand their responsibilities in becoming administrators.
Kualitas dan Relevansi Kontekstualitas Hadis “Yassiruu Walaa Tu’assiruu” Perspektif Double Movement Fazlur Rahman
Authors: Khasani Khiban , Huda Muhammad Habib Zainul , Aminullah Aminullah , Wulandari Fitri
Published: January 2025

Adanya pemahaman hadis yang disalahartikan dari makna aslinya mendorong penulis untuk melakukan penelitian ini. Pada sejatinya, memahami hadis tidak bisa asal-asalan, melainkan harus sesuai dengan kaidah Ulumul Hadis. Hadis yang hendak penulis teliti yaitu, hadis Taysir (Yassiruu Walaa Tu’assiruu) atau hadis yang berkaitan dengan “mempermudah sesuatu”. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data library research. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan deskriptif analisis, dibantu dengan Teori Double Movement Fazlur Rahman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini tidak lain untuk mengetahui kualitas Sanad Matan, kontekstualitas asbabul wurud, dan juga relevansi hadis Taysir (Yassiruu Walaa Tu’assiruu) perspektif Double Movement Fazlur Rahman. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu: (1) kualitas hadis “Yassiruu Walaa Tu’assiruu” itu sahih baik dari segi sanad dan matannya; (2) kontekstualitas hadis “Yassiruu Walaa Tu’assiruu” itu berkaitan dengan: pemberian keringanan dalam urusan dunia akhirat, memudahkan urusan orang lain, dan memilih yang mudah daripada yang sulit; (3) relevansi hadis Taysir (Yassiruu Walaa Tu’assiruu) perspektif Double Movement Fazlur Rahman yaitu: senantiasa berdoa meminta kemudahan, senantiasa berdakwah dengan bijak, dan senantiasa menawarkan kemudahan dalam beragama Islam.
Trauma and Attachment in Ana Huang’s “Twisted Love”: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Matrood Dr. Doaa Taher
Published: January 2025

The application of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to Ana Huang's Twisted Love is examined in this study, with an emphasis on how language shapes gender relations, power dynamics, and emotional vulnerabilities in the story. Discourse analysis may be found in Twisted Love, a modern romance novel that explores issues of emotional pain, personal development, and complicated relationships. The study examines how deeper socio-cultural factors, like patriarchal influences and power disparities in love relationships, are revealed through the protagonists' conversations and internal monologues through the lens of CDA. The study looks at how language reflects cultural norms of forgiveness and love, negotiates conflict, and develops an identity. This study clarifies the underlying ideologies present in the narrative by examining textual components such as metaphors, pronoun usage, and conversational patterns. This helps readers have a better understanding of how contemporary romantic novels address important societal concerns. The goal of this work is to increase knowledge of narrative discourse as a means of both promoting and questioning social norms. This paper address the following research questions:
1. How do the language and discourse in Twisted Love portray the power dynamics in romantic relationships?
2. How does gender ideology impact the way Alex Volkov and Ava Chen communicate?
3. Thirdly, how does the protagonists' emotional and relational growth impact the trauma discourse?
4. How can Critical Discourse Analysis reveal the novel's rhetorical and structural ideologies?
A NOVEL BOTTLING MACHINE DESIGN FOR ENHANCED EFFICIENCY AND SCALABILITY IN SMEs
Authors:   Faculty of Technical Sciences, International University of Ecuador UIDE, Quito
170411, Ecuador, Quito Angélica , Abedrabbo Faruk ,   Faculty of Technical Sciences, International University of Ecuador UIDE, Quito
170411, Ecuador, Narváez Jhoan ,   Faculty of Technical Sciences, International University of Ecuador UIDE, Quito
170411, Ecuador, Moya Marcelo ,   Faculty of Technical Sciences, International University of Ecuador UIDE, Quito
170411, Ecuador
Published: January 2025

This research presents the design, testing, and val- idation steps of a novel bottling machine that can potentially revolutionize the bottling process for small and medium-sized companies. The machine was equipped with a detection system to identify dirty bottles before the bottling process began, ensuring that only clean bottles were used and achieving safety control. The test conducted for the validation showed an accuracy rate of 98.95% in filling the nominal volume and an 87.5% accuracy rate in detecting dirty or clean bottles. The findings demonstrate the potential of the bottling machine design to improve the efficiency and safety of the bottling process, particularly for smaller companies. By identifying dirty bottles before the bottling process, the system prevents product contamination and ensures consumers’ safety. The research presents a promising solution for small and medium-sized companies seeking to improve their bottling process while ensuring safety and quality control without investing in big machines or complex industrial systems.
THE MIXED VIRTUAL/REAL MATRIX FOR WORKSPACES: A MEDIATING SOLUTION BETWEEN REMOTE AND ON-SITE WORKING
Authors:   ”Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi-Romania, Faculty of Architecture ”G.M. Cantacuzino”,
Blvd. Mangeron, No. 59A, 700050, Iasi, Romania, Tudora Gabriel , Tudora Ana-Cristina ,   ”Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi-Romania, Faculty of Architecture ”G.M. Cantacuzino”,
Blvd. Mangeron, No. 59A, 700050, Iasi, Romania, Pantilimonescu Florina ,   ”Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture,
Str. Academiei 18-20, 010014, Bucharest, Romania, Saucă Raul-Andrei ,   ”Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture,
Str. Academiei 18-20, 010014, Bucharest, Romania
Published: January 2025

One of the positive aspects of the pandemic has been the opportunity for people to experiment with an existing but untapped type of work: working online from home or from their favourite places or spaces. The ability to work from anywhere has made this an increasingly sought-after feature these days. Remote working presents a number of problems both psychologically and in terms of employee productivity and efficiency. These cannot be solved by the current limited solutions. This article attempts to provide a solution both to preserve the possibility to work from anywhere and to mitigate the undesirable effects of this way of working by implementing mixed real/virtual matrix and Smart Multimedia walls technology. The proposed solution aims at more than just making larger monitors. Through the technology proposed for use, it creates a space where people working remotely can interact as if they were in the same room, in an authentic office atmosphere. Many of the mental, efficiency and productivity problems can be solved by these shared, supervised and organised workspaces. The study is focused on defining a space for working and its constructive elements, designed to satisfy the needs observed in the meta-analyses phase. One major objective of the solution is to make use of Smart Multimedia Walls, a device patented as a result of the design-based research focused on finding new constructive elements in the architecture practice. The use of meta-analyses method and design-based method provide a background for the current research, which follows a mixed-method for designing a novel work environment and finding a suitable framework on which it can be implemented. The framework is a formulation of a more general system, referred to as the mixed matrix (real/virtual), which ensures a logistic for the extrapolated confluence of workspaces. The reality in an office space is augmented by virtual connections that are understood as interchanging written, vocal and video content. The mixed matrix is about interchanging spaces with all their three dimensions. The continuing growth in popularity of remote working, the development of technologies to support it, and statistics on employees' preferences to work remotely or in the office indicate that remote working is unquestionably the solution of the future.
USING PROCESS FAILURE MODE EFFECT AND ANALYSIS (PFMEA) FOR RISK REDUCTION IN AN ELECTRICAL PANEL COMPANY
Authors:   Santa Catarina Federal University (UFSC), Department of Textile Engineering, Blumenau, SC, Brazil, Forno Ana Julia Dal , Ribeiro Milena ,   Santa Catarina Federal University (UFSC), Department of Automation and Control Engineering, Blumenau, SC, Brazil, Saldías Daniel Alejandro Ponce ,   Santa Catarina Federal University (UFSC), Department of Automation and Control Engineering, Blumenau, SC, Brazil, Sayão Marilise Luiza Martins dos Reis ,   Santa Catarina Federal University (UFSC), Department of Automation and Control Engineering, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
Published: January 2025

Process quality assurance is indispensable for the satisfactory outcome of finished products on a production line. PFMEA is a proactive and preventive tool that may help improve processes. This article aimed to reduce the risks of non-quality and customer dissatisfaction by applying the PFMEA methodology in the process automation sector for production lines of medium and low-voltage equipment that have manufactured processes. As a methodology, a literature review was carried out to understand the scenario of other companies, followed by action research to apply changes in the studied process. The developed solution is presented, and the risk reduction results are discussed. Of the 89 identified risks, 64 (71%) were reduced by applying the solution with integrated automation on the workstation with the highest number of risks (79%).
MODIFYING SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYAMIDE6.6 BY USING LST TECHNIQUE
Authors:   ”Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Blvd. Mangeron 59A, 700050, Iasi, Romania, Mazurchevici Simona-Nicoleta , Bialas Oktawian ,   Silesian University of Technology, Stanisława Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Polonia, Wozniak Anna ,   Silesian University of Technology, Stanisława Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Polonia, Benchea Marcelin ,   “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,
Blvd. Dimitrie Mangeron, No. 61–63, 700050 Iasi, Romania, Rusu (Ostahie) Petronela ,   ”Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Blvd. Mangeron 59A, 700050, Iasi, Romania, Ciofu Ciprian ,   “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,
Blvd. Dimitrie Mangeron, No. 61–63, 700050 Iasi, Romania, Carausu Constantin ,   ”Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Blvd. Mangeron 59A, 700050, Iasi, Romania, Adamiak Marcin ,   Silesian University of Technology, Stanisława Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Polonia, Nedelcu Dumitru ,   ”Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Blvd. Mangeron 59A, 700050, Iasi, Romania
Published: January 2025

Surface texturing is a highly effective method for enhancing the tribological performance of engineering materials. Laser surface texturing (LST) has generated significant interest owing to its exceptional flexibility, excellent texturing precision, and effective controllability. This study examines the surface characteristics of two polymers, PA66 and PA66 reinforced with glass microspheres, after the laser surface texturing. The samples to be textured were obtained by injection moulding. According to microscopic surface analysis, the laser texturing technique produces uniform and controllable surfaces characterized by well-defined patterns, and the material behavior is influenced by factors such as the number of passes and the thermal distribution during the process. Microindentation analysis reveals that material structure, pattern type and number of passes significantly influence surface hardness and penetration depth. The addition of glass microspheres improves the hardness, and the tests demonstrate the reliability of the methodology and its relevance for optimizing the texturization of polymer surfaces. Scratch tests highlight variations in A-COF depending on material, pattern and number of passes. PA6.6 and reinforced PA6.6 react differently, indicating influences on roughness and hardness. The results emphasize the need to adjust texturing parameters to optimize material properties.
INVESTIGATING THE INFLUENCE OF INFILL DENSITY AND POST-PROCESSING PARAMETERS ON 3D PRINTED PLA COPPER COMPOSITE
Authors:   International Islamic University Malaysia, Department of Manufacturing and Material
53100 Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia, Jamil Mohamad Nor Hafiz , Azhar Ahmad Zahirani Ahmad ,   International Islamic University Malaysia, Department of Manufacturing and Material
53100 Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia, Sukindar Nor Aiman ,   School of Design, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Tungku Highway, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam, Yasir Ahmad Shah Hizam Md ,   Faculty of Resilience Rabdan Academy, 65, Al Inshirah, Al Sa’adah, Abu Dhabi
22401, PO Box: 114646, Abu Dhabi, UAE, Shaharuddin Sharifah Imihezri Syed ,   International Islamic University Malaysia, Department of Manufacturing and Material
53100 Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia, Nawawi Wan Mohd Fazli Wan ,   International Islamic University Malaysia, Department of Manufacturing and Material
53100 Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia, Hafiz Mohamad Talhah Al ,   International Islamic University Malaysia, Department of Manufacturing and Material
53100 Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: January 2025

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a common 3D printing technique currently in use. FDM can now produce metal products using a cost-effective technology developed by the Virtual Foundry filament. Analyze various parameters, and this study investigated the effects of three parameters: infill density, holding hours of debinding, and sintering. Each parameter was tested at different levels using a copper metal filament composite, including shrinkage and porosity. Nine print runs were conducted by changing three parameters using the Taguchi method. The analysis found that the composition of all samples was almost the same, regardless of the different parameters and settings. The density of the infill has a significant impact on shrinkage. To prevent significant shrinkage during post-processing, the ideal infill density is 100%. In conclusion, the parameters do not affect the material composition. The infill density is a printing parameter proven to be more important than post-processing parameters, holding hours for debinding and sintering in terms of dimensional accuracy, shrinkage, and porosity.
EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY USED FOR GREEN ENERGY
Authors:   Al-Iraqia University, College of Engineering, Baghdad, Iraq, Al-Maliki1 Salam J. Bash , Abdulrazzak Ibtihaj Abdulwahhab ,   Al-Iraqia University, College of Engineering, Baghdad, Iraq, Al-Maliki Mohammed ,   Middle Technical University, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: January 2025

The effluents of a variety of industrial or commercial activities that include Oil and Grease OG were continuously seen as negative inputs for the receiving bodies that deteriorate their quality or the tentative efficiency. From the other hand and as economy is the major cart for such activities, the energy potential in these OG contents makes it a tempting goal to extract and reuse OG as an energy source whether inside the location or supplied to the market wherever needed. The goal of OG removal and their extraction as a source for biogas production is tested for the aqueous effluent of a vegetable oils and detergents factory via a laboratory-built system that consists of a pressurized flotation basin for the OG extraction from the aqueous industrial effluent via the induced micro-sized air bubbles, that are generated by type RC2, 217 W pressure regulator installed on a 0.75 KW single phase compressor. The skimmed OG is then directed to a 20 l working volume closed cylindrical bio digester to disintegrate the Carbon-Hydrogen bonds anaerobically under controlled thermal environment. Five digesters are built including single phase BG-3D-1 dual impellers rotary mixer and digital thermostat 8820 NTC sensor temperature controller to adjust the temperature of an interior coil heater to examine the impacts of operational time and temperature on the digestion performance for various OG: inoculum ratios and hence determine the performance indicators of the digesters. The chemical oxygen demand COD as the major environmental index in this regard, is determined to yield a reduction of 90.8% of its initial concentration, by the end of operating the bioreactor that worked for a 30 consecutive days at a temperature of 60 ˚C. That is in addition to the production of biogas in about 8.4 l/d (in a daily average of 3.64 l), for a mixture of 5:10 l extracted OG and livestock manure inoculum. These results declare the significant role of installing the suggested anaerobic digester in parallel to the industrial production lines to serve a reduction in overall operational costs via the removal of OG load from the final wastewater treatment plants and the revenue of the produced biogas as an energy source.
RESIDUAL DISPLACEMENT DUE TO ARBITRARY
PLASTIC STRAINS
Authors:   Department of Mechanics and Technologies, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava,
13th University Street, 720229, Romania, Spinu Sergiua
Published: January 2025

The displacement of the boundary of an elastic body in which inelastic strains exist or initiate due to various conditions can affect the intended functioning of the machine element and thus the service life of the assembly. Plastic strains are often initiated when the body is loaded beyond the elasticity limit of its material. The subsequent deformation of the boundary may affect the interaction with the coupling elements, resulting in further perturbations of the contact conditions. This is especially true when load is transmitted through a small contact region, such as in gears or bearings. Assessment of this permanent deformation is thus essential to predict and prolong the service life of various machine elements working under severe contact loads. The mathematical model employed in this work is built around the Betti’s reciprocal theorem, which exposes a property of the Elasticity equations in the presence of inelastic strains. The resulting equations prove that the residual displacement due to plastic strains in the bulk of the body can be expressed by superposition of effects, as a convolution product. The Green’s functions for the latter convolution are integrated to derive the influence coefficients needed in the numerical approach. The model discretisation is rectangular, with the volume of plastic strains approximated with a reunion of adjacent cuboids with uniform strains. The contributions of each elementary cuboid to the displacement components in a specific point from the boundary, i.e., the influence coefficients, are derived and expressed analytically. With these elements, an acceleration technique for the computation of elastic displacement can be extended to residual displacement. Calculations are performed with the aid of a Matlab computer program developed based on the newly derived relations. Five configurations of plastic strains are considered and the program predictions are compared with existing results from the literature. The good agreement gives confidence in the advanced computer tool and encourages its implementation in a more complex program for the simulation of the elastic-plastic contact.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 3D PRINTED PLA/FISH SCALES HYDROXYAPATITE COMPOSITE FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors:   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, Jaafar Che Nor Aiza , Ismail Muhammad Izham ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, Zainol Ismail ,   Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia, Narthan Mani Raj ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Published: January 2025

Researchers around the world are currently still investigating the possibility of using poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite as a biomaterial. However, most of the research published utilized synthetically derived hydroxyapatite (HAp) which is more expensive than natural-based HAp. Hence, this project aims to investigate the reliability in terms of mechanical properties of the PLA/fish scales derived HAp (FsHAp) biocomposite comprised of PLA and FsHAp as a filler at various compositions ranging from 10 to 40 wt%. The PLA/FsHAp composite filaments were developed through melt blending of PLA resin and FsHAp powder by a twin screw extruder. The test specimen was prepared by 3D printing of composite filament using a Creality CR 6-SE 3D printer. However, the composite with filler content above 30 % failed to convert into filament due to the inherent brittleness of PLA/FsHAp composite. Hence, the mechanical properties were only analyzed for PLA, 10 and 20 wt% of PLA/FsHAp composites. The 20 wt% FsHAp filler content displayed higher tensile and flexural properties than 10 wt% despite the reduction in impact properties. In this study, the 20 wt% also indicates a better dispersion and reinforcing effect of the FsHAp filler on the PLA matrix. Overall results concluded that the addition of natural FsHAp fillers has a direct influence on the mechanical properties of PLA/FsHAp composite with the support of FTIR and SEM analysis. The composite has the potential to be used in the fabrication of medical device implants using 3D printing technique
OPTIMIZATION OF A NONCONVENTIONAL MACHINING PROCESS USING MULTI-CRITERIA SELECTION METHODS
Authors:   National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Splaiul Independenței, No. 313, 060042, Bucharest, Romania, Gheorghiță Vlad
Published: January 2025

Determining the optimal parameters for a process technology requires a full analysis of all the principles and factors that influence it. Nonconventional technologies are more and more present in modern manufacturing processes, so determining the values of the technological and economic parameters is vital. In this paper, multi-criteria methods (ELECTRE, TOPSIS) were used to determine the importance of the criteria and to establish the best combination of parameters (discharge time, off time, average lateral spark gap, lateral roughness, frontal roughness, velocity of erosion) in an electrical discharge machining process with massive electrode for C120 steel at 85V voltage. The dimensions of the depressions in a steel piece depending on the energy or duration of the pulses, and the influence of the moving speed of the semi-finished product on productivity can be also determined. Various multi-criteria decision-making methods are available to help the designers in choosing the decisive course of actions. In the discrete form of multi-criteria decision-making problems, the work flow is confronted with a decision-matrix formed from the information of some alternatives on different criteria. A software application was created that allows the user to enter only the desired parameters and the criteria that must be strictly respected, and the program will choose in a very short time the optimal combination of the available values.
STUDY OF FORMABILITY IMPROVEMENT USING DIFFERENT ANNEALING CYCLES IN INCREMENTAL SHEET FORMING OF AA6061 T6
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India 395007, Raval Harit , Mevada Viren ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India 395007
Published: January 2025

The formability of AA6061 T6 aluminium alloy is essential due to its high strength and low ductility, posing challenges in forming processes like Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF). Annealing mitigates internal stresses, reduces material hardness, and enhances ductility, thus improving formability. This study investigates the impact of annealing cycles on the formability, microstructure, and micro-hardness of AA6061 T6 sheets during ISF. Various annealing durations (1-15 hours) were tested, followed by ISF experiments. Results demonstrate a significant formability increase with longer annealing, with nearly 40% higher fracture forming height. Micro-hardness decreases with a longer annealing duration (almost 30%), indicating material softening. Microstructural analysis reveals grain growth and recrystallisation, facilitating plastic deformation and enhancing formability. These findings provide insights into the role of annealing in improving formability and mechanical properties in ISF processes, aiding in identifying optimal annealing duration for enhanced performance.
A CAD-BASED SYSTEM FOR THE AUTOMATIC DESIGN OF LOWER PROSTHETIC LIMBS
Authors:   University of Western Macedonia, Department of Product and Systems Design Engineering,
Koila Kozani GR50100, Greece, Koupani Anastasia , Manavis Athanasios ,   University of Western Macedonia, Department of Product and Systems Design Engineering,
Koila Kozani GR50100, Greece, Kakoulis Konstantinos ,   University of Western Macedonia, Department of Product and Systems Design Engineering,
Koila Kozani GR50100, Greece
Published: January 2025

Even today, many people around the world, that need artificial limbs, do not have access to them. This is mainly because of the high cost associated with the design and production of artificial limbs. One critical key factor that contributes to the cost of the production of artificial limbs is the complete customization of shapes and proportions to each individual patient. Automating this process could substantially reduce the cost of producing artificial limbs. In this paper we utilize the API (Application Programming Interface) of a commercial CAD-based system to automate the three-dimensional design of prosthetic lower limbs. First, the essential design parameters for the automation process are defined. These parameters are mainly based on human physiology and the traditional design and fabrication techniques of artificial lower limbs. Then, the system, based on the values assigned to the input parameters, automatically creates customized prosthetic lower limbs. In addition, the system offers various design alternatives based on the intended use of the artificial limb. The CAD-based System presented in this paper highlights the feasibility of comprehensive parameterization in the prosthetic limb design process, which harbors significant potential for shaping future developments in prosthetic limb design. Beyond technical considerations, it also holds promise for positively influencing cost dynamics and improving accessibility within this critical domain.
Images Construction of Chinese Medicine in Chinese Media Discourses
Authors: Xu Wenting
Published: January 2025

Presenting compelling stories of Chinese Medicine is a priority to spread Chinese culture to the world and enhance China’s international position. Based on extended unit of meaning as theoretical framework, the paper combines qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis to carry out the research about image construction of Chinese Medicine in China Daily. Through analysis of collocation, colligation, semantic preference and semantic prosody, the research finds that China Daily constructs an image of Chinese medicine as an alternative and complementary healthcare system that encompasses a variety of therapies and works in cooperation with Western medicine. It highlights Chinese medicine's global recognition as a Cultural Heritage of Humanity, its integral role in Chinese culture, and its reputation as a trusted healthcare system that transcends national boundaries.
Research and Development of Smart Home Systems based on Voice Interaction Technology
Authors: Zhao Kai
Published: January 2025

With the rapid development of smart home technology, environmental monitoring systems have become an important part of improving living comfort and safety. Through real-time monitoring of multiple sensors such as temperature and humidity, air quality, light intensity, and noise, environmental monitoring technology can automatically adjust the indoor environment, optimize air quality, temperature and humidity, and light, thereby improving living experience and energy efficiency. This paper reviews the application status of environmental monitoring technology in smart homes, focusing on the principles and applications of temperature and humidity, air quality, light and noise sensors. Through these sensors, the smart home system can automatically control air conditioners, air purifiers, lighting systems and other equipment based on real-time data to achieve a comfortable and healthy living environment. This article also discusses the actual application scenarios of smart home environment monitoring technologies, including temperature and humidity adjustment, air quality monitoring, smart lighting and noise management, and analyzes the advantages and challenges brought by these technologies. Although environmental monitoring technology has made significant progress in improving the functionality of smart home systems, it still faces technical challenges in terms of sensor accuracy, data processing, and device compatibility. With the continuous maturity of technologies such as the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, environmental monitoring technology will be more widely used in the field of smart homes in the future, further optimizing the living environment and promoting a healthy, energy-saving and comfortable living experience.
A Critical Metaphor Analysis on Green Development News Discourse from the Cognitive Perspective: A Case Study of China Daily
Authors: Jiang Shun , Zhao Wenhuan
Published: January 2025

With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, environmental problems are becoming increasingly prominent. As an important means of information dissemination, news discourse not only reflects the degree of social concern about environmental issues, but also largely shapes the public's cognition and attitude towards these issues. Metaphor, as a way of thinking, can simplify people's cognitive process and play an important role in news discourse practice. This paper organically combines the Conceptual Metaphor Theory with the Critical Metaphor Analysis research paradigm, extracts 384 green development news reports from China Daily from 2016 to 2023 as the research object, and organizes them into electric files to form a self-built corpus. The purpose is to explore the metaphorical expressions in news discourse and conduct critical analysis through a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods, so as to provide a language strategy reference for the external dissemination of China's green development concept in the context of emphasizing international cooperation to protect the global environment.
The Construction and Pathway Concept of Data Legal Benefit Protection System
Authors: Li Kangyuan
Published: January 2025

The conventional theories surrounding data legal benefits, whether dependent or independent, exhibit several shortcomings in addressing the complexities of ownership definitions that stem from the intangible and fluid nature of data. This inadequacy may inadvertently result in the inappropriate broadening of criminalization standards. Data legal benefits ought to be recognized as a unique category of legal benefit, characterized by a dualistic nature, where a dynamic interplay exists between intrinsic legal benefits and functional legal benefits. Any infringement upon the core of data could pose a direct threat to the legal benefits tied to the real-world implications of that data. In light of this understanding, I propose a "dual-layer data legal benefit protection framework," which categorizes data legal benefits and establishes tiered protection along with differentiated regulation for personal data, corporate data, and public data.
Development and Verification of Vehicle Environmental Adaptability Test in the Middle East
Authors: Zhu Wei , Yin Zhenhua , Jiang Jingxiu
Published: January 2025

In recent years, China’s automobile industry has witnessed rapid development, with the export volume of automobiles experiencing explosive growth. The Middle East region is one of China's important overseas markets, and its unique vehicle performance and adaptability under road, climate, environment and other conditions have become a key factor for domestic automakers in the process of overseas product development. This article focuses on the research and analysis of the environment, driving scenarios, and user habits in the Middle East region, with the expectation of providing reference for the vehicle adaptability development and testing work in this region.
The Role and Challenges of Angola in the Integration Process of the Southern African Development Community
Authors: Xu Jie , Zhao Rongrong
Published: January 2025

Angola, located in the southern region of Western Africa, is a founding member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), joining when it was established in Lusaka, Zambia, in 1980. Angola is the second-largest country in sub-Saharan Africa, next to the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). As the current (2023/2024) chair of the rotating presidency (serving as the chair for the third time since the establishment of SADC), Angola will play a crucial role in advancing the integration process of SADC. This article discusses the domestic and international issues faced by Angola before and after the establishment of SADC, its participation in the integration process, and its potential future role.
Research on the Design Method of Virtual Debugging System for Digital Intelligent Production Line
Authors: Liu Yunlong , Lang Yuedong , Wang Xu
Published: January 2025

With the rapid transformation of the manufacturing industry to intelligentization, efficient debugging of digital intelligent production lines has become a key link in the product development stage. This paper focuses on the virtual debugging system construction method for the digital intelligent production line. Firstly, digital twin technology is used to construct a digital twin model of the digital intelligent production line of the pager with the help of Tecnomatix digital twin software platform, which covers mechanical, electrical, and control logic, and other fields, realizes the analog simulation of the production process, and effectively solves the problems of model interference and robot path planning. Secondly, according to the system requirements and the characteristics of the application environment, the virtual debugging system platform of the digital intelligent production line is designed, and its components and data communication technology implementation scheme is analyzed in detail. Finally, the virtual debugging system platform of the digital intelligent production line of the call machines is successfully built. This method provides comprehensive, systematic, and practical method guidance for enterprises to build digital intelligent production line virtual debugging systems, which is of great theoretical and practical significance for industrial upgrading.
Travel Route Planning Based on Genetic Algorithm and Greedy Algorithm
Authors: Wang Zhiyi , Zhou Tong
Published: January 2025

Based on genetic algorithm and greedy algorithm, this study proposes a scientific tourism route planning model to maximize tourists' visiting experience and cost-effectiveness. Firstly, this paper pre-processed the data of 352 Chinese cities and their 35,200 attractions, and screened out the 50 most attractive cities by using principal component analysis and TOPSIS method, taking into account factors such as city size. Subsequently, tourists' travel route planning was optimized based on genetic algorithm. Finally, greedy algorithm was introduced to study the customized routes under different tourism needs, such as mountain view tourism routes, to optimize the multiple indicators involved. This study not only provides foreign tourists with personalized travel plans, but also successfully achieves a balance between economy and efficiency under the premise of guaranteeing tourists' reasonable time and cost.