bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blunt Abdominal Trauma in Children
Authors: Sabounji Salsabil Mohamed , Gueye Doudou , Ngom Gabriel
Published: May 2024

Aims:

The aim of the study is to identify the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic, and evolutionary characteristics of patients admitted for blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) in a level 3 children's hospital.

Subjects and Methods:

It was a retrospective and descriptive study on a series of 105 cases of BAT recorded over 8 years. The data were collected from patients' files. The analysis was done on Excel 2016. Several parameters were studied: frequency, age, sex, cause of trauma, circumstances, mechanism, mode of transportation, admission time, medical history, symptoms and signs, laboratory findings, radiological findings, injury assessment, associated injuries, type of treatment, and evolutionary modalities.

Results:

The frequency was 13.1 cases/year. The mean age was 6.6 years. The sex ratio was 3.56. Road traffic accidents were the most frequent cause (54.3%). Abdominal tenderness (88.6%) was the most common physical sign. Associated lesions were found in 40% of cases. Abdominal sonography (85.7%) was the most common imaging tool followed by an abdominal computed tomography scan (34.4%). The liver was the most affected organ (24.7%) and contusion was the most frequent lesion (65.4%). The majority of patients had received nonoperative treatment (93.3%). The average length of hospitalization was 5.6 days. The outcome in all cases was favorable. No mortality was reported.

Conclusions:

BAT in children is common in boys under the age of 10. They are caused by road accidents. Physical examination combined with abdominal ultrasound is very important in the therapeutic decision, which in most cases is a conservative one. Morbidity and mortality are almost nil.
Pattern of Preoperative Uroflowmetry in Hypospadias Patients and Age-Matched Control Patients
Authors: Sikchi Rupesh , Sinha Arvind , Pathak Manish , Rathod Kirti Kumar J. , Jadhav Avinash S. , Saxena Rahul
Published: May 2024

Aim:

Patients with hypospadias often present with voiding difficulties after successful repairs. We sought to analyze the degree of uroflowmetric anomalies that may be present in children with hypospadias before a surgical repair. We, thus, undertook this study to compare the pattern of preoperative uroflowmetry study in hypospadias patients and a comparable age-matched control group.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 90 children underwent preoperative uroflowmetry in the Department of Pediatric Surgery at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, India, between January 2019 and December 2020. Thirty patients with hypospadias and sixty age-matched controls who presented to the outpatient department without any associated urological or neurological anomalies were included in the study. Uroflowmetry parameters such as maximum urine flow rate (Qmax), average urine flow rate (Qavg), voided volume (VV), urination duration, duration of reaching maximum speed, and urine flow curves of the cases and the control group were measured and compared.

Results:

The median age of patients at the time of uroflowmetry in the hypospadias group was 7 years, while the same for the control group was 7.5 years. Median maximum urinary flow rates (Qmax) (10.7 vs. 14.45 mL/s, P = 0.01278), average urinary flow rates (Qavg) (6.5 vs. 8.5 mL/s, P = 0.0124), the ratio of maximum urinary flow rates with VV (Qmax/VV) (0.043 vs. 0.053, P = 0.0264) was found to be significant (P < 0.05). These values were significantly lower in the hypospadias group (P < 0.05). The voiding time (43.5 vs. 30 s, P = 0.0285) was significantly higher in the hypospadias group. However, there was no difference in the VV per micturition (219.5 vs. 270.0 mL, P = 0.40) and time to maximum flow rate (10 vs. 10, P = 0.43). Flow curve pattern analysis revealed plateau-shaped curves in 60% of the hypospadias group compared to 27% in the control group, while bell-shaped curve was seen in 37% of the hypospadias group as compared to 65% in the control group which were statistically significant (P = 0.003415). No statistically significant association was found between meatal localization and the uroflowmetry parameters.

Conclusion:

Children with hypospadias have abnormal uroflowmetry even before surgical correction and have a significantly low maximum urine flow rate. These uroflow anomalies may be due to meatal stenosis or hypoplastic proximal urethra. We postulate that these preoperative abnormal uroflow patterns in patients with hypospadias may contribute to voiding difficulties in repaired hypospadias cases. A greater understanding of the factors behind these uroflowmetric anomalies may allow surgeons to proactively tackle these intraoperatively, leading to better outcomes for patients with hypospadias.
Delayed Presentation of Jejunal Atresia with Multiple Enteric Fistula
Authors: Nandan Ruchira , Dhua Anjan Kumar , Yadav Devendra Kumar , Jain Vishesh , Goel Prabudh
Published: May 2024

A 6-month-old boy presented with features of intestinal obstruction. Laparotomy revealed Type IIIa jejunal atresia. The proximal and distal bowel loops were in continuity through multiple fistulae between the adjoining bowel loops. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report of congenital Type IIIa intestinal atresia surviving beyond the neonatal age without surgery.
A Critical Appraisal of Clinicopathological, Imaging, and Genexpert Profiles of Surgical Referrals with Pediatric Abdominal Tuberculosis
Authors: Puri Archana , S. Khairong Peter Daniel , Singh Smita
Published: May 2024

Aim:

To study the clinicopathological, imaging, and GeneXpert profiles of surgical referrals with abdominal tuberculosis (TB) and to compare the utility of GeneXpert versus conventional diagnostic armamentarium.

Materials and Methods:

This cohort study which was conducted over a study period of 8 years (2011–18) included seventy-seven children operated with a provisional diagnosis of abdominal TB and those who had either histological (n = 58; 75.3%) or GeneXpert (n = 9) confirmation or had miliary tubercles on exploration with supportive clinical and imaging findings (n = 17; 22.1%). GeneXpert testing was added to the diagnostic armamentarium only in the latter half of the study (2016–18, n = 31). Demographic details, symptomatology, prior antitubercular treatment, GeneXpert positivity, imaging, operative, and histological findings were recorded and analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and range for continuous variables and proportion for categorical variables.

Results:

Perforation peritonitis (n = 26; 33.8%) and unrelieved obstruction (n = 51; 66.2%) were the main surgical indications. The mean age at presentation was 9.5 ± 3.6 years with a distinct female preponderance. The presence of right lower abdomen lump (n = 23; 29.9%), alternate diarrhea and constipation (n = 34; 44.1%), tubercular toxemia (n = 38; 49.4%), positive history of contact (n = 20; 25.9%), tuberculin positivity (n = 38; 49.4%), fibrocavitary pulmonary lesion (5.2%), clumped bowel loops with pulled-up cecum (n = 23; 29.9%), septated ascites (n = 17), mesenteric lymphadenopathy and omental thickening (n:18; 23.4% each) were the supportive tell-tale signs of the disease. The hallmark of pathological diagnosis was caseous necrosis with epithelioid granulomas (n = 43; 55.8%), nongranulomatous caseation (n = 15; 19.5%), and acid-fast bacilli positivity in 27.3% of patients. GeneXpert was positive in only nine patients with an overall sensitivity of 29% as compared to 75.3% for histopathology.

Conclusion:

Bacteriological and histological confirmation of the disease eluded us in a significant proportion of patients, requiring a very high index of clinical suspicion to clinch the diagnosis. The current version of GeneXpert has low sensitivity in diagnosing pediatric abdominal TB.
Correlation between glans, meatus, shaft score, and penile perception after hypospadias repair
Authors: Indriasari Vita , Alimoeddin Patricia Okitaviani , Pamungkas Kurniawan Oki
Published: May 2024

Aims

The aim is to analyze the correlation between the degree of hypospadias based on the Glans-Urethral Meatus-Shaft (GMS) score and penile perception after hypospadias repair using pediatric penile perception score (PPPS).

Settings and Design:

Analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design.

Subjects and Methods:

Thirty-two children with hypospadias were included in this study. The severity of hypospadias was assessed using GMS score. Postoperatively, PPPS was rated by two external pediatric surgeons.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Correlation between GMS score and PPPS were analyzed using the Spearman test, P ≤ 0.05: Significant.

Results:

Mean-GMS was 8.69 ± 2.303 (mean-G 2.67 ± 0.858, mean-M 3.27 ± 0.942, mean-S 2.75 ± 1.055). Mean-PPPS was 10.19 ± 1.287. GMS score and PPPS had a very weak correlation (r = −0.227; P > 0.05).

Conclusions:

There was no correlation between GMS score and penile perception according to PPPS after hypospadias repair.
Primary Repair of Pediatric Posttraumatic Complete Bladder Neck Horizontal Transection
Authors: Sen Sandeep Singh , Menon Prema , Solanki Shailesh , Samujh Ram
Published: May 2024

Complete transverse transection just below the bladder neck is extremely rare. We present two such cases with associated pelvic fracture following trauma. Both underwent early primary vesicourethral anastomosis with no postoperative complications and are continent in the follow-up.
Surgical Management of an Infant with Nonresolving Pneumonia
Authors: Prabhudesai Sumant , Sawant Vishal , Das Sujoy , Sawant Bharati
Published: May 2024

We describe a 3-month-old baby who presented with a nonresolving pneumonia which failed to respond to antibiotic therapy. An underlying congenital pulmonary adenomatous malformation was suspected. On thoracotomy, she was found to have a tuberculous mediastinal abscess which was drained. Mediastinal abscess is a rare occurrence in childhood tuberculosis.
Congenital chylothorax
Authors: Bhagiratha Smriti , Bandiya Prathik , Shivanna Niranjan , Benakappa Naveen
Published: May 2024

Nonimmune hydrops is a common cause of hydrops fetalis. Here, we report a rare case of congenital chylothorax which presented with nonimmune hydrops and was effectively managed by conservative measures.
Adrenal and Mesenteric Teratomas in Infants
Authors: Ray Raktim , Dey Soumya , Khatun Farjana , Barman Shibsankar , Das Mou , Chatterjee Uttara , Sarkar Ruchirendu , Saha Koushik
Published: May 2024

Teratomas are common tumors in children. The most common sites are gonads, however, several extragonadal sites are well known such as sacrococcygeal region, mediastinum, head and neck, stomach, and vagina. Occasionally, teratomas occur in unusual sites which pose diagnostic difficulties. Here, we describe two cases of infantile teratomas with unusual presentation. The first case was a 6-month-old girl who presented with a mass in the right side of the abdomen. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed a solid-cystic mass in the right suprarenal region. The second was a 4-month-old boy who came with a huge abdominal mass. Contrast-enhanced CT showed a tumor arising from the jejunal mesentery. On microscopic examination, they were diagnosed as mature and immature teratoma, respectively. Although neuroblastoma is the most common infantile adrenal neoplasm, the possibility of teratoma should be considered for cystic adrenal lesions. Mesenteric teratoma can be difficult to distinguish radiologically from the more common lymphangioma; however, accurate diagnosis is important in view of long-term follow-up for teratomas because of the possibility of malignant transformation.
Long-Term Outcomes and Prognostic Factors Affecting Survival after Pulmonary Metastasectomy in Solid Tumors of Childhood
Authors: Gaikwad Vivek Samuel , John Rikki Rorima , Karuppusami Reka , K. Jacob Tarun John , Mathew Leni Grace , Kurian Jujju Jacob
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

This study assessed the long-term survival and the prognostic variables affecting survival following pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) secondary to childhood solid tumors.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analysis was done on 22 children who underwent PM for solid tumors between January 2007 and February 2020. The overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) at the end of the study period were noted. Tumor histology, completeness of resection, disease-free interval, laterality, location, number, and size of lung nodules were assessed for their significance in contributing to survival.

Results:

High-grade osteosarcoma (54.5%), followed by Wilms’ tumor (18.2%), was the most common histological types. Unilateral nodules (59.1%) situated in a peripheral, sub-pleural location (91%) were the most common presentation. Pleural extension was noted in 12 (54.5%) patients. Synchronous pulmonary metastases were noted in 12 (54.5%) patients. Two developed metastases while undergoing chemotherapy and eight after the completion of therapy. The EFS and OS were both 31.8% at a median follow-up of 15.5 months (range 3–129 months). The median time required for an event to occur was 4 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4, 6.6 months) and median post-PM survival interval was 17 months (95% CI: 6.6, 27.4 months). Significant association was noted between preoperative tumor response to chemotherapy (P = 0.002) and survival.

Conclusion:

PM can improve survival in a select group of children with metastatic solid tumors. Favorable tumor response to chemotherapy was found to be a significant prognostic factors influencing survival.
The Outcome of Late versus Early Ileostomy Closure at Low Body Weight (<1500 g) in Babies with Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Pan Pradyumna
Published: May 2024

Aim:

The aim of this study is to determine the surgical outcome of ileostomy closure at low body weight (<1500 g) and to find any differences in complications and growth of infants whose ileostomy was reversed early (4–6 weeks) versus late (8–10 weeks).

Methods:

A prospective comparative study was conducted on patients who underwent ileostomy reversal created for necrotizing enterocolitis from January 2017 to December 2019. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (early ileostomy closure) between 4 and 6 weeks and Group 2 (late closure) between 8 and 10 weeks. The primary outcome was expressed as the presence of anastomotic leak, obstruction, perforation, wound infection, sepsis, and death.

Results:

A cohort of 31 patients with 16 patients in Group 1 and 15 in Group 2 were studied. The mean duration between ostomy creation and reversal was 5.1 ± 0.63 weeks in Group 1 and 8.9 ± 0.66 weeks in Group 2. The mean weight at reversal was 1435.5 ± 163.8 g for patients in Group 1 and 1405 ± 99.93 g for patients in Group 2. Weight gain at 90 days in Group 1 was 895 ± 85.2 g and in Group 2 was 455 ± 34.6 g, which was statistically significant (P < 0.00001). Parenteral nutrition, ability to reach full enteral nutrition, and total ventilator days, mortality rate, and complications were not statistically different between the groups. The overall survival rate was 87.27%.

Conclusions:

Ileostomy reversal at a lower weight and within 6 weeks was not associated with an increased risk of complications. Early stoma reversal may help in weight gain.
Bilateral Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in a Neonate Managed Surgically
Authors: Tiwari Charu , Nagdeve Nilesh , Saoji Rajendra , Hatwar Ghanshyam , Madavi Adesh , Muqri Atuf
Published: May 2024

Bilateral congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare birth defect associated with poor prognosis associated with pulmonary hypoplasia, pulmonary hypertension, and other congenital anomalies. We describe a female neonate with bilateral CDH who was successfully managed surgically. A brief review of literature is also described.
Laparoscopic-Assisted Modified Posterior Sagittal Anorectoplasty for Rectobulbar Urethral Fistula of Anorectal Malformation
Authors: Agrawal Vikesh , Gupta Saurabh , Liêm Nguyen Thanh , Acharya Himanshu , Sharma Dhananjaya
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Laparoscopic anorectoplasty (LAARP) is useful for the management of rectoprostatic urethral fistula (RPUF), due to easier rectal mobilization, avoidance of posterior sagittal muscular incision, and shorter hospital stay. However, its role in rectobulbar urethral fistula (RBUF) is still debated as there is a chance of urethral diverticulum (UD), due to incomplete dissection. Laparoscopy-assisted modified posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (LAMPSARP) utilizes advantages of LAARP combined with fistula dissection using small sagittal incision preserving puborectalis. The present study compares the results of LAMPSARP with LAARP for correction of RBUF associated with anorectal malformations (ARMs).

Materials and Methods:

All male ARM with RBUF presenting in a tertiary center in Central India (January 2014–January 2016) were included. Low male ARM, RPUF, rectovesical fistula, and congenital pouch colon were excluded. They were randomized into LAARP and LAMPSARP groups. Complications were assessed in terms of anal stenosis, mucosal prolapse, and UD. Kelly's scoring and Krickenbeck scoring were used to assess continence, and visible anal cosmesis scale (VACS) was used to assess wanal cosmesis. Results were statistically analyzed using a comparison of means and 2 × 2 contingency tables.

Results:

Fifty-six colostomized patients with RBUF (26 LAARP, 30 LAMPSARP) were included. Mean operative duration in the LAARP group and LAMPSARP group was 42 ± 10 min and 56 ± 12 min, respectively (P < 0.0001). On mean follow-up of 4.5 years, mucosal prolapse (53.9%) and UD (15.38%) were significantly higher in LAARP group, while anal stenosis was similar. All three, Kelly's score, Krickenbeck score, and VACS, were better (P < 0.05) in the LAMPSARP group.

Conclusion:

Laparoscopy-assisted modified posterior sagittal approach is better for RBUF and offers better surgical outcome.
Meckel's Diverticulum – Clinical Presentation and Pitfalls in Diagnosis in the Pediatric Age Group in Singapore
Authors: Devi Ganakirthana Kalpenya , Goei Anne Hui Yi , Ragavendra Kalyanasundaram , Lim Xuxin , Choo Candy S. C. , Ong Lin Yin , Eu-Leong Teo Harvey James , Laksmi Narasimhan Kannan
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to study the presentation of patients who underwent Meckel's diverticulectomy (MD) and utility of pertechnetate Meckel's scan in the diagnosis of MD.

Methods:

The clinical presentation of a retrospective cohort of patients who underwent MD from January 2007 to December 2019 was studied. The modes of presentation, treatment, and the diagnostic utility of pertechnetate Meckel's scans were evaluated. False-positive and false-negative scans were reviewed. The presence of gastric mucosa on histology of Meckel's was correlated with presentation as gastrointestinal bleeding and positive scan results.

Results:

Ninety-nine patients underwent MD. Thirty-five out of 263 (13.3%) Meckel's scans done were positive. There was a male preponderance (86.9%). The peak age of presentation was 0–4 years (rectal bleeding or intestinal obstruction). Only a third of the patients with Meckel's diverticulum Meckel's had a preoperative diagnosis of Meckel's. The sensitivity/specificity of Meckel's scan was higher in patients presenting with painless rectal bleeding. Seven patients were false positive (weak tracer uptake or ectopic uptake) and five were false negative. Two patients with false-negative Meckel's scan, having gastrointestinal bleeding had gastric mucosa on histology of Meckel's.

Conclusion:

Meckel's diverticulum has a male predominance. Meckel's scan has a high sensitivity in the children presenting with fresh painless rectal bleeding but is of limited use in the diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum in other forms of presentations. False-positive scans can be anticipated in the presence of weak or ectopic uptake. False-negative scans can occur even in the presence of bleeding and in spite of the presence of gastric mucosa in the Meckel's diverticulum. Laparoscopy is a useful tool in diagnosis and treatment.
Meconium Peritonitis Presenting with Nonimmune Hydrops and Mirror Syndrome
Authors: Mishra Purbasha , Sahoo Tanushree , Mohanty Pankaj K , Som Tapas K , Tripathy Bikasha Bihari , Singh Sweta
Published: May 2024

Meconium peritonitis (MP) presenting as hydrops is a rare entity. A 34-week hydropic infant was born to mother diagnosed with a case of nonimmune hydrops. Postnatally, the neonate was diagnosed as a case of MP based on clinical examination and investigations. The neonate underwent exploratory laparotomy which revealed diffuse MP with ileal perforation. She underwent resection of ileal perforation with ileocolic anastomosis. The index case highlights the importance of thorough clinical examination and abdominal X-ray in the diagnosis of MP.
Bibliometric Analysis and Visualization of the Extrahepatic Portal Venous Obstruction Publication Landscape
Authors: Dhua Anjan Kumar , Garg Mohit , Yadav Devendra Kumar , Goel Prabudh , Jain Vishesh , Anand Sachit , Verma Ajay
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

A scientometric analysis was conducted to characterize the global research publications in extrahepatic portal venous obstruction (EHPVO), and state-of-the-art visualization graphics were generated to provide insight into specific bibliometric variables.

Materials and Methods:

The Web of Science database was accessed for research productivity and bibliometric variables of countries, institutions, authors, journals, and content analysis of top-20 cited documents were performed. Collaborative networks and co-occurrence of keywords map were generated using VOSviewer software.

Results:

Two hundred and sixteen records were retrieved with an annual growth rate of 2.53%. India is the leading country in productivity (n = 4339), followed by the USA and China. Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, was the top productive institute. Sarin SK was the most prolific author, having the highest citations received and h-index. The hotspot topics were “portal hypertension,” “cirrhosis,” “children,” “biliopathy/cholangiopathy,” “liver fibrosis,” and “liver transplantation” as per keyword co-occurrence networking. J Gastroenterol Hepatol had the most publications of EHPVO research as well the h-index. Regarding collaborative network mapping, the USA and Primignani M were the significant nodes among country and author, respectively.

Conclusion:

EHPVO research publication volume is low but is gradually progressing with dominant contributions from Indian institutes and authors. Most highly cited articles are of low level of evidence, and multi-institutional collaborative research can be the way forward.
Newer Insights into Prostatic Utricle in Proximal Hypospadias
Authors: Sengar Mamta , Khan Niyaz Ahmed , Siddiqui Yousuf , Mohta Anup , Gupta Alisha , Gupta Chhabi Ranu
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Prostatic utricles (PUs) are the remnants of Mullerian ducts found in the male posterior urethra. Enlarged symptomatic utricles are known to be associated with hypospadias. There is a dearth of literature defining an enlarged utricle and also its clinical significance.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to describe anatomical difference of PUs of cases with severe hypospadias and also to find their clinical significance if any.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective study was carried out, and all patients with proximal hypospadias were enrolled. Cystoscopy was performed in all cases. Symptomatology, size, and location of PU were recorded. PU of >0.5 cm was considered enlarged.

Results:

In the present series, a total of 70 cases were included over a period of 2 years. Enlarged utricle was found in 47/70 (67.14%) on cystoscopy. They were wide-mouthed and negotiated 9 Fr/11 Fr cystoscope with ease. Recurrent epididymo-orchitis, recurrent urinary tract infection, and obstructive features were the most common complications requiring intervention.

Conclusions:

PUs in boys with hypospadias are enlarged as well as wide-mouthed. Most of these remain asymptomatic, but few of them carry the potential of complications. Cystoscopy helps in direct visualization of utricular anatomy, so it should be a preferred investigating modality for investigating a PU.
Psychiatric Morbidity and its Impact on Quality of Life in Patients with Epilepsy
Authors: Malik Yogender Kumar , Mattoo Surender Kumar , Kharbanda Parampreet Singh , Grover Sandeep
Published: May 2024

Aim:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence psychiatric comorbidities by using a structured diagnostic instrument and it impact on quality of life among patients with idiopathic epilepsy.

Methodology:

Using a cross-sectional study design, 120 patients with idiopathic epilepsy were assessed for psychiatric morbidity by using MiniInternational Psychiatric Interview-PLUS version for psychiatric morbidity and Quality of life in Epilepsy-31 scale. In addition, all the patients were also assessed on Beck Depression Inventory-II and generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) to rate the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively.

Results:

The present study showed that the prevalence of current and lifetime psychiatric diagnosis as per Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-PLUS is 68.3% and 75%, respectively. Among various psychiatric disorders, depressive disorders were the most common (54.16%), followed by GAD (8.3%). In terms of severity of depressive symptoms, 10.8% patients had mild depression, 25.8% moderate depression, and 14.2% had severe depression. On GAD-7, 28.3% were found to have mild, 15% had moderate and 15.8% had severe anxiety. Psychiatric morbidity both current and lifetime was associated with poorer quality of life in all the domains.

Conclusion:

Psychiatric morbidity is highly prevalent in patients with epilepsy and it has significant negative impact on the quality of life. These findings suggest that there is a need for close liaison between the psychiatrist and the neurologist to address psychiatric issues among patients with epilepsy.
Eating Behavior and Stress Levels among College Students
Authors: Aneesh Mitravinda , Roy Rinnu
Published: May 2024

Background:

Eating behavior of college students is very dynamic. College students tend to have erratic eating patterns because of long study hours in college, high workload, and lack of time.

Aim:

The purpose of the study was to assess the eating behavior and the stress level they experience.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 237 college-going students aged 18–24 years selected via convenience sampling. Information regarding age, sex, household income, place of stay, and self-reported weight and height was collected via an online survey. Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire was used to assess eating behavior and Perceived Stress Scale was used to assess stress levels.

Results:

Two-third of the students had normal body mass index (BMI). Majority of the participants (81.4%) had moderate stress levels. We found that uncontrolled eating (UE) (45%) was the most predominant eating behavior among college students. Linear regression analysis indicated that male gender and perceived stress predicted UE and emotional eating behavior, respectively. On the other hand, female gender and BMI predicted cognitive restraint eating behavior.

Conclusion:

Our study found that distinct eating behaviors are prevalent during the college years itself. Deep-rooted eating behaviors can make way for health risks in the near future. Hence, it is imperative to educate the college students about food and nutrition and also teach healthy stress management strategies.
Knowledge about and Attitude toward Electroconvulsive Therapy among those who Agree and those who Refuse Electroconvulsive Therapy Treatment
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Varadharajan Natarajan , Chakrabarti Subho
Published: May 2024

Background:

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is although one of the most effective treatments in psychiatry, and many a times patients refuse the same. Although, there is information about the knowledge about and attitude towards ECT among people who receive the same, little is known about these among those who refuse ECT.

Aim:

This study attempted to assess and compare the knowledge about and attitude toward ECT in patients with severe mental illness who accepted and refused ECT.

Methodology:

68 patients divided into 3 groups (readily accepted; accepted, with initial reluctance; refused) based on the readiness for ECT were evaluated using ECT knowledge and attitude questionnaire. The higher proportion of those who refused had poor knowledge about the frequency of ECT sessions, investigations required before ECT and believed that ECT can be given against patient and family members' consent. Higher proportion of those who initially refused but later agreed believed that ECT can be given without the patient or family members'consent and it is given only to those patients who are unlikely to improve when compared to those who agreed ECT. Compared to those who agreed spontaneously, higher proportion of the participants in other two groups believed that ECT is not useful in the treatment of psychiatric disorders and they lacked knowledge about headache being a side effect of ECT. In terms of attitude toward ECT, higher proportion of those who refused ECT (n = 24; 89%) had a negative attitude in terms of not recommending the same for their relatives and were reluctant to receive ECT themselves.

Conclusions:

The results highlight that negative perception toward ECT in patients who refuse to receive ECT. Thus, it is essential to convey adequate information about ECT to enhance their understanding and acceptance.
Coping and Cyberchondria in a Pandemic: A Study on Young Adults
Authors: Sam Kathryn Nicole , Jain P Nupur , Arpitha H B , Raghuram Tanvi , Jaikumar Advaith , Chakraborty Rituparna , Rajan Santhosh Kareepadath
Published: May 2024

Background:

During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant increase in online health information-seeking (HIS) behavior, leading to increased levels of psychological distress.

Objective:

This study examines whether proactive, preventive, and avoidance coping styles hinder or promote cyberchondria, anxiety characterized by excessive online HIS behavior during the pandemic.

Materials and Methods:

The sample included 286 Indian young adults who responded to the Proactive Coping Inventory and Cyberchondria Severity Scale-12. The data were collected after the rapid spread of COVID-19 in India.

Results:

The correlation analysis revealed that proactive coping had a weak negative relationship with cyberchondria, while avoidance coping had a weak positive relationship. Regression analysis showed proactive coping as an inverse predictor of cyberchondria.

Conclusions:

This study was one of the few that examined the relationship between coping and cyberchondria during the pandemic. The findings provide a foundation for future research on cyberchondria in collectivistic cultures like India.
Postpartum Depression: An Overview of Reviews and Guide for Management
Authors: Rai Bhavika , Dagar Nidhi , Chauhan Devika , Grover Sandeep
Published: May 2024

Background:

Pregnancy and postpartum periods are one of the most transformative times in a woman’s life, especially the first 3–12 months postpartum. This period holds a great significance from the psychiatric point of view, as women are at an increased risk of developing various psychiatric disorders. In the recent times, many reviews have emerged on various aspects of postpartum depression (PPD).

Aim:

Accordingly this article aims to review the available review articles on various aspects of PPD to have a comprehensive understanding.

Methodology:

For this review, different databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar) were searched using different keywords, i.e. depression, post-partum, peripartum, post-natal, peri-natal, post-partum depression, and postnatal depression. All the available reviews and recent articles were reviewed and relevant articles were selected.

Results:

In recent times, data with respect to the epidemiology, risk factors, and various management strategies have been reviewed by different reviews and meta-analyses. Treatment guidelines have also emerged focusing specifically on the PPD. The incidence of PPD is 12%, and the prevalence ranges from 17% to 22%. A host of risk factors have been linked to the development of PPD. A detailed biopsychosocial evaluation is important for the assessment of patients with PPD. Breastfeeding is not a contraindication for the use of antidepressants.

Conclusions:

One in every six females develops PPD after delivery and untreated PPD can have a grievous impact on mother, child, and mother–child interaction. Hence, all women should be screened for depression during the antenatal and postnatal periods.
Emotional Intelligence, Coping Strategies, and Perceived Stress among Doctors during SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Soni Ruchi , Agrawal Jai Prakash , Meena Mamta , Dave Lokendra , Sahu Samiksha
Published: May 2024

Background:

Doctors exhibit significant high stress levels due to an increasing overburdened healthcare system and increased high risk of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the current pandemic. Stress among doctors has been linked with adverse physical and psychological health. Previous research indicates that perceived stress levels are correlated with emotional intelligence (EI) and with the coping strategies employed by doctors.

Aims and Objectives:

(1) To establish the relationship between perceived stress and emotional intelligence. (2) To evaluate the mediating role of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies in relationship between EI and perceived stress among doctors during the current pandemic.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study involving 600 doctors working in dedicated COVID section of reputed medical college from March 2021 to June 2021 recruited for the study. Participants were recruited on-campus through web-based questioners, composed of three validated questionnaires namely Perceived Stress Scale, Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory, and the Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test and socio demographic form. Descriptive statistics were used to test the study hypotheses.

Results:

Higher EI was associated with lower perceived stress, and this association was partially mediated by both adaptive and maladaptive coping responses. Higher EI was associated with greater use of adaptive coping and lower use of maladaptive coping, and these, in turn, were negatively and positively, respectively, associated with perceived stress.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that interventions aimed at increasing emotional intelligence and adaptive coping strategies may help to reduce perceived stress.
Esport
Authors: Thakur Pranjali Chakraborty , Sharma Manoj Kumar , Sagar Kommu John Kumar , Anand Nitin
Published: May 2024

Esports is being seen as equivalent to sport. Subsequent to diagnostics started treating gaming as mental health condition or a research category. The need is being felt to explore the mental health perspective of Esports. Thus, for people who are engaged in Esports, there is a possibility that they may develop certain physical or mental health concerns if the gaming pattern is problematic. It implies the need for research to identify the status of their clinical condition or a career option as a sport player.
Effect of Guided Imagery as an Adjunct to Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Anxiety, Quality of Life, and Quality of Sleep in a Post COVID-19 Patient Via Telerehabilitation
Authors: Shah Priyanka Jayesh , Ghodge Siddhi Vijay
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 outbreak caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Patients infected with the disease have to be kept in social isolation in order to limit the spread of infection. This in turn led to anxiety and fear among the general public post isolation related to spread of infection. Furthermore, it was observed that many of them suffered from disturbed sleep which in turn affected the quality of life (QOL) of the patients post COVID-19 infection. The following case report concluded of a positive effect of guided imagery (GI) as an adjunct to pulmonary rehabilitation on anxiety, QOL, and quality of sleep in a post COVID-19 patient via telerehabilitation.
The use of LifeVac, a novel airway clearance device, in the assistance of choking victims aged five and under: Results of a retrospective 10-year observational study
Authors: Costable Nicholas J. , Costable John M. , Rabin Glenn
Published: May 2024

Background:

Choking is a leading cause of injury and death among children under the age of five. Despite notable advances in technology, regulations, and education, the prevalence of choking incidents and related fatalities persists as a global issue, demanding the implementation of improved assistance methods. This study aims to assess the efficacy of an innovative airway clearance device, LifeVac, in aiding children aged 5 and under in choking emergencies.

Subjects

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Methods: LifeVac LLC maintained a comprehensive database of voluntary reports documenting the utilization of their device in choking emergencies over 10 years, collected through a dedicated website. Collected data included the age and sex of the choking victim, preexisting medical conditions, nature of the object causing airway obstruction, whether basic life support protocol was followed before employing the LifeVac, number of pulls required to dislodge the obstructing object, and adverse events.

Results:

A total of 299 children were reported to have received assistance with the LifeVac device in choking emergencies. The age range of the assisted children varied from 3 days old to 5 years. One hundred and fifty-seven children were boys. There were 19 reports of preexisting conditions. The most common obstructing objects were plastic, mucus, candy, meat, and fruits. The number of pulls required to successfully dislodge the object ranged from 1 to 10. No failures were reported.

Conclusions:

LifeVac should be considered a valuable complement to standard life support techniques in choking emergencies, particularly for at-risk groups such as children under the age of 5.
Metabolic acidosis as a predictor of outcome in critically ill children – A single-center prospective observational study
Authors: Datta Madhushree , Haldar Sanjay , Biswas Arnab , Sen Sandipan , Samanta Moumita , Mahapatra Tapan Kumar Sinha
Published: May 2024

Background:

Acid-base disorders are common in critically ill patients and contribute significantly to mortality and morbidity. Metabolic acidosis (MA) can be measured by pH, base deficit, serum bicarbonate, and anion gap. A study was conducted to determine the incidence and type of MA among children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and to assess its roles as a predictor of outcomes in them.

Subjects and Methods:

Over 1 year, 100 children between 1 month and 12 years of age who presented to the PICU with an MA or developed it within 24 h of admission were prospectively enrolled. Clinicodemographic data, pediatric sequential organ failure assessment score at admission, clinical outcome, and serial measurements of anion gap, serum lactate, and bicarbonate level were recorded.

Results:

The incidence of MA was 60.2% with a majority (52%) being high anion gap metabolic acidosis (HAGMA). The predominant condition (39%) leading to MA was catecholamine-resistant shock with organ dysfunction. Peak lactate value and bicarbonate nadir had a significant positive correlation with the duration of mechanical ventilation and inotropic support, but only peak lactate value was significantly associated with mortality. A peak lactate value of 2.19 mmol/L yielded the highest sensitivity and specificity for predicting mortality. There was no association was found between peak anion gap and morbidity or mortality.

Conclusions:

MA was observed in 60% of children in PICU, with HAGMA being the most common type. Peak lactate value and bicarbonate nadir were correlated with high morbidity, but only peak lactate value was significantly associated with mortality.
Steroid-responsive encephalopathy in autoimmune thyroiditis in a 2-year-old child after COVID-19 infection: A case report
Authors: Sunthwal Shraddha , Lad Sagar , Khadilkar Vaman , Botre Abhijeet , Yardi Nandan , Ganacharya Raj , Lad Sahil
Published: May 2024

In pediatric patients, neurological manifestation of COVID-19 infection has been reported in acute and postinfectious stages. Hashimoto encephalopathy (HE) is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in children with prevalence being 1.2%. More than 200 cases of HE have been reported in adults. Only 60 cases have been reported in children. We present a case of a 2-year-old girl with status epilepticus and respiratory failure needing prolonged ventilation. Her COVID-19 antibody and antithyroid antibodies (anti-thyroid peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin) were positive. Her thyroid profile was abnormal. Her clinical state improved after receiving an intravenous immunoglobulin and pulse dose of methylprednisolone. This suggests that complete recovery for such patients can be achieved with early detection and immunomodulatory treatment.
Exploring the scope of vlogs in strengthening the delivery of medical education
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh
Published: May 2024

With the passage of time, a number of curricular reforms have been introduced in the process of delivery of medical education. A video blog is a type of blog which utilizes the video medium to reach the audience. The purpose of the current review is to explore the role of video logs in strengthening the delivery of medical education. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out on the PubMed search engine and a total of 13 articles were selected based upon their suitability with the current review objectives and analyzed. Keywords used in the search include video blogs, and medical education in the title alone only. The video blogs have immense scope in the field of medical education, as it is one of an essential tool to promote student-centered learning, and enables the medical student to learn at their pace, and that too at their time of convenience. The need of the hour is that vlogs are integrated within the curriculum on a pilot basis, and research work is carried out to explore their benefit in terms of improving the attainment of knowledge and student engagement. Further, based on the obtained results, we can make modifications and eventually introduce vlogs in a structured manner in the curriculum. To conclude, vlogs are a widely used mode to share information on the online platform, nevertheless, it is high time that its utility is also explored and harnessed for improving the delivery of medical education. This calls for the need of all the stakeholders to take active steps and simultaneously plan for its inclusion and implementation in the teaching-learning process.
Prevalence of AcrAB-TolC efflux pump among Proteus mirabilis isolated from cystitis patients in Hilla City, Iraq
Authors: Al-Kaim Hawraa Wahab , Al-Dahmoshi Hussein O M
Published: May 2024

Background:

Proteus mirabilis is a prevalent profiteer pathogen that causes the Spartan human ailment. It has been identified as a urinary tract infection (UTI) etiological agent that adheres to uroepithelial cells and the catheter surface. The most important efflux system in P. mirabilis, acrAB-to1C, is elaborated not merely in antimicrobial conflict but also in ferocity.

Objectives:

The current research conducted to look into the antibiotic sensitivity profile and acrAB-to1C efflux pump genes occurrence among P. mirabilis isolated from UTI patients.

Materials and Methods:

515 urine cases were gathered from UTI patients, who visited urology consultancy clinics of three main hospitals and private clinic labs in Hilla City, Iraq. All mid-stream urine samples were cultured on diagnostic agars for P. mirabilis primary recognition and finally confirmed by16S rRNA gene PCR-sequencing. Antibiotic sensitivity was performed according to CLSI (2021), and then PCR detection of acrAB-to1C efflux pumps genes was observed.

Results:

The occurrence of P. mirabilis in the studied cases was 10.5% with 100% swarming isolates. The recovered isolates were extremely resistant to cefotaxime (100%), doxycycline (88.6%), minocycline (75.7%), and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (67.1%). In contrast, the isolates showed nonresistance to pipracillin-tazabactam (0%), meropeneme (0%) and tinier resistance to amikacine (1.4%), imipeneme (2.9%), levofloxacine (4.2), and ofloxacin (5.7%), MDR rate was 96%. Molecular investigation using PCR, revealed acrA, acrB, and tolC genes with a prevalence of 51.4%, 61.4%, and 51.4%, respectively.

Conclusion:

These findings emphasize the significant title role of acrAB-to1C efflux impel in increasing antibiotic tolerance in P. mirabilis with a high incidence of MDR, so the future insights may need to focus on efflux pumps inhibitor-antibiotic combination treatment as a preventive device.
Knowledge of Mothers Regarding Management of Fever in their Children Under Five Years of Age in Al-Hilla City
Authors: Altahhan Raghad Abdulwahab Mohsen , Aljubbawi Sura Falah Abdulhadi
Published: May 2024

Background:

Improper fever definitions will lead to excessive treatment with its adverse consequences, or missed fever, or delayed diagnosis of dangerous illness. Mothers’ care for a feverish child can sometimes be inappropriate and harmful.

Objective:

To assess knowledge of mothers regarding definition and management of fever in their children under five years of age and to identify the association between mothers’ knowledge and mothers’ socio demographic factors.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 302 mothers of alive children aged bellow five years. The mothers were interviewed (face-to-face) after giving their verbal consent to participate in this study by using a systematic questionnaire, which included mothers’ socio-demographic characteristics and questions related to fever management. It was carried out at Babylon Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Children, Al Imam Al Sadiq Teaching Hospital, and Al Noor Hospital For Children in Al-Hilla City, Iraq, from February 1 to June 15, 2022.

Results:

The mean age of mothers was (27.07 ± 6.33) years, 16.56% of mothers were higher education graduates, 86.75% were housewives. 0.66% of mothers had insufficient knowledge regarding fever management, 65.23% had moderate knowledge, and 34.11% had high knowledge. The mothers’ knowledge was in significant association with the mothers’ educational level, mothers’ occupation, using internet, and in significant negative correlation with number of alive children that the mothers had.

Conclusion:

About two-thirds of the mothers had moderate knowledge regarding fever management, about one-third had high knowledge, and less than one percent of mothers had insufficient knowledge.