bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Femtosecond dynamics of stepwise two-photon ionization in solutions as revealed by pump–repump–probe detection with a burst mode of photoexcitation
Authors: Sotome Hikaru , Koga Masafumi , Sawada Tomoya , Miyasaka Hiroshi
Published: April 2022

Pump–repump–probe spectroscopy with a burst mode of photoexcitation was applied to the direct observation of the photoionization dynamics of perylene in the solution phase.
Assessing arsenic species in foods using regularized linear regression of the arsenic K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure
Authors: Jahrman Evan P. , Yu Lee L. , Krekelberg William P. , Sheen David A. , Allison Thomas C. , Molloy John L.
Published: April 2022

Solvent-free quantifications of arsenic species in foods are attained by applying lasso regression to the analysis of X-ray absorption spectra and assigning uncertainties by bootstrapping.
Nonlocal response of plasmonic core–shell nanotopologies excited by dipole emitters
Authors: Kupresak Mario , Zheng Xuezhi , Mittra Raj , Vandenbosch Guy A. E. , Moshchalkov Victor V.
Published: April 2022

Striking nonlocal features have been demonstrated for the nano core–shell topology, under the excitation of a dipole emitter, which are of practical interest for experimental studies involving molecular spontaneous emission.
High-yield halide-assisted synthesis of metal–organic framework UiO-based nanocarriers
Authors: Ceballos Manuel , Cedrún-Morales Manuela , Rodríguez-Pérez Manuel , Funes-Hernando Samuel , Vila-Fungueiriño José Manuel , Zampini Giulia , Navarro Poupard Maria F. , Polo Ester , del Pino Pablo , Pelaz Beatriz
Published: April 2022

The synthesis of nanosized metal–organic frameworks (NMOFs) is requisite for their application as injectable drug delivery systems (DDSs) and other biorelevant purposes.
Solution-processed Ge(ii)-based chalcogenide thin films with tunable bandgaps for photovoltaics
Authors: Hu Liyan , Feng Mingjie , Wang Xia , Liu Shunchang , Wu Jinpeng , Yan Bin , Lu Wenbo , Wang Fang , Hu Jin-Song , Xue Ding-Jiang
Published: April 2022

Solution-processed Ge(ii)-based chalcogenide films are achieved by introducing hypophosphorous acid as a suitable reducing agent and strong acid and demonstrated for photovoltaic application.
Highly-fluorescent carbon dots grown onto dendritic silica nanospheres for anthrax protective antigen detection
Authors: Xu Lai-Di , Zhu Jin , Ding Shou-Nian
Published: April 2022

Highly-fluorescent carbon dots grown onto dendritic silica nanospheres for immunochromatography to detect anthrax protective antigen.
Multifunctional molecules with a bipyridyl core ameliorate multifaceted amyloid toxicity
Authors: Padhi Dikshaa , Balachandra Chenikkayala , Ramesh Madhu , Govindaraju Thimmaiah
Published: April 2022

The development of multifunctional modulators by curating the metal chelating properties of bipyridine and biomolecular auxiliaries to ameliorate the multifaceted amyloid toxicity.
Diastereoselective addition of redox active esters to azomethine imines by electrosynthesis
Authors: Leleu Ludovic , Martzel Thomas , Fall Arona , Sanselme Morgane , Levacher Vincent , Oudeyer Sylvain , Brière Jean-François
Published: April 2022

Highly stereoselective addition of electrogenerated putative radical species to chiral azomethine imines occurs upon SET cathodic reduction of redox-active N-(acyloxy)phthalimide esters.
Diffusion of polymer-grafted nanoparticles with dynamical fluctuations in unentangled polymer melts
Authors: Chen Yulong , Xu Haohao , Ma Yangwei , Liu Jun , Zhang Liqun
Published: April 2022

The nanoparticle motion is affected by the heterogeneous relaxing graft polymers, showing dynamical fluctuations at intermediate times and non-Stokes–Einstein diffusion at long times.
Interfacial melting mechanism of nanocrystals determined by interfacial energy and interfacial stress
Authors: Jiang Xiao-Bao , Xiao Bei-Bei , Sheng Hong-Chao
Published: April 2022

The ratio of interfacial energy to interfacial stress determines the thermal stability of nanocrystals.
Out-of-plane dipole-modulated photogenerated carrier separation and recombination at Janus-MoSSe/MoS2 van der Waals heterostructure interfaces: an ab initio time-domain study
Authors: Liu Xiangyue , Zeng Huadong , Wang Guangzhao , Cheng Xinlu , Yang Shengyuan A. , Zhang Hong
Published: April 2022

Photogenerated carrier separation and recombination dynamics of the Janus-MoSSe/MoS2 heterostructure are investigated using time-dependent ab initio nonadiabatic molecular simulations.
Comparative electron irradiations of amorphous and crystalline astrophysical ice analogues
Authors: Mifsud Duncan V. , Hailey Perry A. , Herczku Péter , Sulik Béla , Juhász Zoltán , Kovács Sándor T. S. , Kaňuchová Zuzana , Ioppolo Sergio , McCullough Robert W. , Paripás Béla , Mason Nigel J.
Published: April 2022

We have irradiated the amorphous and crystalline phases of CH3OH and N2O astrophysical ice analogues using 2 keV electrons and have found that the decay rate is dependent upon the nature and extent of the intermolecular bonding in these solid phases.
Collisional energy transfer in the CO–CO system
Authors: Żółtowski Michał , Loreau Jérôme , Lique François
Published: April 2022

This paper presents new quantum scattering calculations for the collisional energy transfer in CO–CO collisions. Cross sections and rate coefficients are provided between the first 37 states of the CO–CO system.
Effect of two-component amorphous silica-alumina (ASA) with different Si/Al molar ratios on hydrocracking reactions for increasing naphtha over NiW/USY-ASA
Authors: Ge Jiaqi , Sun Jinchao , Zhang Peng , Xie Zean , Wu Zhijie , Liu Baijun
Published: April 2022

The combination of ASA-0.4 and ASA-2 produces new acidic OH groups by increasing the contact points between silicon and aluminum. These OH groups improve the density of acid sites and increases the area of the active adsorption area of the support.
Chemoselective nitrilation of dimethyl adipate with ammonia over carbon encapsulated WOx catalysts under continuous flow conditions
Authors: Ding Guang-Rong , Wang Yao-Feng , Duan Guo-Yi , Guo Tao , Xu Xiao-Feng , Li Chun-Shan , Xu Bao-Hua
Published: April 2022

Adiponitrile (ADN) is a key intermediate for the industrial production of polyamide represented by nylon 66.
Influence of the fluoride anion on photoinduced charge transfer interactions in adenine-functionalized push–pull naphthalenediimide chromophores
Authors: Birajdar Shailesh S. , Ahuja Mehak , Puyad Avinash L. , Kumar Mahesh , More Vishal G. , Kumar Rachana , Bhosale Sidhanath V. , Bhosale Sheshanath V.
Published: April 2022

A new series of nucleobase adenine (A)-functionalized naphthalene diimide (NDI) derivatives to form a donor–acceptor conjugate has been designed, synthesized and characterized.
Dual CEA/CD44 targeting to colorectal cancer cells using nanobody-conjugated hyaluronic acid-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles with pH- and redox-sensitivity
Authors: Fan Xiying , Wang Tingting , Han Min , Gu Yi , Sun Guochuan , Peng Xinying , Shou Qinghui , Song Haipeng , Liu Wenshuai , Nian Rui
Published: April 2022

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) loaded with doxorubicin and then modified with hyaluronic acid (HA) and nanobody (DOX@MSNs-HA-11C12) is a pH- and redox-responsive drug delivery system, resulting in over 90% of LoVo cell apoptosis within 48 h.
Metal-free triboelectric nanogenerators for application in wearable electronics
Authors: Oliveira Giovanni da Silva , Candido Iuri Custodio Montes , de Oliveira Helinando Pequeno
Published: April 2022

The development of self-powered systems applied in wearable electronics based on triboelectric nanogenerators introduces advances in the Internet of Things, wireless communication, and biomedical fields.
Facile synthesis of ZnNC derived from a ZIF-8 metal-organic framework by the microwave-assisted solvothermal technique as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Moustafa M. G. , Aboraia Abdelaziz M. , Butova Vera V. , Elmasry F. , Guda Alexander A.
Published: April 2022

A zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) electrode is a good candidate as an anode material.
AIEE compounds based on 9,10-dithienylanthracene-substituted triphenylamine: design, synthesis, and applications in cell imaging
Authors: Zhou Yuanfang , Fan Huanhuan , Mu Yanqun , Wang Renjie , Ren Qiwei , Pu Shouzhi
Published: April 2022

Four 9,10-dithienylanthracene-based triphenylamine derivatives (TPA-DTAs) have been synthesized. Their properties, including AIEE, mechanofluorochromic, and cell imaging were investigated.
Construction of fluorescent probes for ratiometric visualization of mitochondrial depolarization based on the FRET mechanism
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Xue Haiyan , Niu Jie , Tian Minggang , Yu Xiaoqiang
Published: April 2022

Two fluorescent probes based on the FRET mechanism were reasonably fabricated for the visualization of mitochondrial depolarization in a ratiometric manner.
Correlation of the crystal structure and ion storage behavior of MoO3 electrode materials for aluminum-ion energy storage studied using in situ X-ray spectroscopy
Authors: Hsu Feng Hao , Hsu Su Yang , Chen Bo Hao , Chen Jeng Lung , Chen Jin Ming , Lu Kueih Tzu
Published: April 2022

The mechanism of insertion/extraction of Al3+ ions in MoO3 with various crystal structures was characterized by in situ XRD and XAS techniques.
Mechanism of INSR clustering with insulin activation and resistance revealed by super-resolution imaging
Authors: Li Hongru , Zhang Jinrui , Shi Yan , Zhao Guanfang , Xu Haijiao , Cai Mingjun , Gao Jing , Wang Hongda
Published: April 2022

Insulin receptor functional stability is regulated by βII-spectrin, which plays an important role in insulin regulation of GLUT4 for glucose transport.
Efficient hydrogen evolution by reconstruction of NiMoO4–CoO via Mo recombination
Authors: Teng Juejin , Dong Zhixin , Liu Daokun , Zhang Xiao , Guo Jinxue
Published: April 2022

Surface reconstruction in NiMoO4–CoO nanosheet catalyst through Mo dissolution with subsequent formation of K2Mo3O10 is disclosed, which brings more active sites and enhanced charge transfer, and boosts intrinsic HER activity per catalysis site.
An insight into the sodium-ion and lithium-ion storage properties of CuS/graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite
Authors: Dutta Dimple P. , Pathak Dipa D. , Abraham Sebin , Ravuri Balaji R.
Published: April 2022

Metal sulfides are gaining prominence as conversion anode materials for lithium/sodium ion batteries due to their higher specific capacities but suffers from low stability and reversibility issues.
Synergistic hydrothermal treatment of food waste digestate residues and incineration fly ash: dehydration performance and heavy metals safety
Authors: Wang Yu , Yu Guangwei , Lin Jiajia , Jiang Ruqing , Xu Xinhai , Xie Shengyu , Wang Yin
Published: April 2022

The synergistic hydrothermal treatment of food waste digestate residues and fly ash can improve the dehydration performance and safety of products.
A chiral phosphazane reagent strategy for the determination of enantiomeric excess of amines
Authors: Peel Andrew J. , Terzopoulos Alexandros , Jethwa Rajesh B. , Choudhury Dipanjana , Niu Hao-Che , Bond Andrew D. , Slaughter Jonathan , Wright Dominic S.
Published: April 2022

The simple inorganic cyclodiphosph(iii)azane chiral derivatisation agent ClP(μ-tBuN)2POBorn (Born = endo-(1S)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl) is shown to be effective in the measurement of ee’s of chiral amines using 31P NMR spectroscopy.
Impact of lifetime on the levelized cost of electricity from perovskite single junction and tandem solar cells
Authors: Ahangharnejhad Ramez Hosseinian , Phillips Adam B. , Song Zhaoning , Celik Ilke , Ghimire Kiran , Koirala Prakash , Ellingson Randy J. , Collins Robert W. , Podraza Nikolas J. , Yan Yanfa , Heben Michael J.
Published: April 2022

The calculated levelized cost of electricity for single junction and tandem devices show that when the time for perovskite devices to degrade to 85% of the original output (T85) is only 3 years, tandem device are economically favorable.
Synthesis and characterisation of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based hydrogels
Authors: Gauci Valentina , Seddon Annela , Adams Dave J.
Published: April 2022

Diketopyrrolopyrrole based materials functionalised with amino acids promote intermolecular interactions that allow self-assembly of aggregates into 3D hydrogels with the use of a pH trigger.
CHP systems optimal allocation in the interconnected heat and electricity distribution network based on minimizing electrical and heat transfer losses
Authors: Ahmadi Pourya , Rastegar Hasan
Published: April 2022

Combined heat and power (CHP) systems are employed to supply electrical and thermal loads of distribution networks (DNs). However, the heat loss can significantly hinder the heat transfer through pipelines from CHP systems to consumers Therefore, the optimal placement and sizing of CHP systems to reduce losses, including electrical and thermal losses, are very crucial. To minimize electrical loss, many methods have been proposed for optimal resource allocation. In this paper, a new approach for the optimal allocation of CHP systems to minimize electrical loss and heat transfer loss (HTL) is presented. Accurate modeling of HTL through the pipeline is performed. The proposed method is applied to 33‐bus, 69‐bus, and 84‐bus test systems. According to the simulation results, it is concluded that considering HTL in the resources optimization problem leads to major changes in the selection of CHP systems' optimal size and location. To solve the optimization problem, a new enhanced imperialist competitive algorithm (E‐ICA) is presented. The proposed algorithm enhances the performance and efficiency of the ICA algorithm by improving exploitation and exploration to prevent getting trapped in local optimums. Comparison of CHP systems allocation results confirms the superiority of the E‐ICA algorithm over other methods.
Morphological geodesic active contour algorithm for the segmentation of the histogram‐equalized welding bead image edges
Authors: Mlyahilu John N. , Mlyahilu Joseph N. , Lee Jae Eun , Kim Young Bong , Kim Jong Nam
Published: April 2022

Assessment and evaluation are the essential processes of industrially manufactured products for the determination of the quality and quantity of products. They give justifications in a practical way about whether the machine is perfect or imperfect, which can lead to a better or poorer production. In this study, the authors propose an algorithm that uses morphological geodesic active contour and image processing techniques to perform segmentation and assess the performance of a robot used to manufacture welding beads. The algorithm has four parameters which are pre‐processed images, balloon force, smoothing parameter, and number of iterations. To pre‐process the images, the algorithm uses an inverse Gaussian gradient operator for edge detection and applies the histogram equalization method to level the distribution. To detect the external contour of the bead, the level set is initialized as the region of interest whereby a balloon force can inflate or deflate towards the edges. To smoothen the contour, a smoothing parameter is applied to convert the jagged lines into a curve over a reasonable number of iterations. Based on the experimental results, the authors’ algorithm used a fixed balloon force of −2, a smoothing parameter value of 4, and 40 iterations to segment images obtained from three different environments. The computation time for the segmentation and evaluation of one image was 0.70, 0.61, and 0.67 s for datasets with high brightness, low brightness, and normal brightness, respectively. Additionally, the authors’ proposed algorithm achieved an outstanding performance of 0.9954, 0.9843, 0.9892, and 0.9435 in terms of recall, precision, F‐measure, and IOU, respectively. To justify the performance of the authors’ proposed algorithm, the authors compared it with the existing algorithms and found that it worked better than all the others for segmentation, although it lagged behind the entropy‐based algorithm in terms of speed.
Rotational freedom thin‐film solar cell using a reconfigurable nano‐antenna with 4‐Dimethyl‐Amino‐N‐methyl‐4‐Stilbazolium Tosylate
Authors: Shameli Mohammad Ali , Eskandari Mohammad Reza , Safian Reza
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we proposed a new method to realize the rotational freedom of thin‐film solar cells. In this method, an array of reconfigurable nano‐patches fed by a plasmonic waveguide is integrated inside the solar cell to receive and trap light in the active layer. The reconfigurable nano‐antenna is designed to achieve beam steering by bias voltage in the direction of sunlight during the day using 4‐Dimethyl‐Amino‐N‐methyl‐4‐Stilbazolium Tosylate as an active electro‐optic material integrated into the plasmonic waveguide. The proposed solar cell is investigated using the finite‐difference frequency‐domain method and the drift‐diffusion equations of COMSOL Multiphysics software at different wavelengths of light and a wide range of angles of incidence for transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) polarizations. The numerical results show increase in the absorption in large wavelengths of sunlight for the thin‐film solar cell with nano‐antenna, resulting in a short circuit current enhancement of 1.48 and 1.45 for TE and TM polarisations, respectively. Also, another advantage of the proposed reconfigurable structure is maintaining the performance in different angles of incidence, which may open up a new opportunity in solar energy harvesting.
Interstellar detection and chemical modeling of iso-propanol and its normal isomer
Authors: Belloche A. , Garrod R. T. , Zingsheim O. , Müller H. S. P. , Menten K. M.
Published: April 2022

Context.The detection of a branched alkyl molecule in the high-mass star forming protocluster Sagittarius (Sgr) B2(N) permitted by the advent of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) revealed a new dimension of interstellar chemistry. Astrochemical simulations subsequently predicted that beyond a certain degree of molecular complexity, branched molecules could even dominate over their straight-chain isomers.

Aims.More generally, we aim to probe further the presence in the interstellar medium of complex organic molecules with the capacity to exhibit both a normal and iso form, via the attachment of a functional group to either a primary or secondary carbon atom. Methods. We used the imaging spectral line survey ReMoCA performed with ALMA at high angular resolution and the results of a recent spectroscopic study of propanol to search for the iso and normal isomers of this molecule in the hot molecular core Sgr B2(N2). We analyzed the interferometric spectra under the assumption of local thermodynamical equilibrium. We expanded the network of the astrochemical model MAGICKAL to explore the formation routes of propanol and put the observational results in a broader astrochemical context.

Results.We report the first interstellar detection of iso-propanol, ¿-C3H7OH, toward a position of Sgr B2(N2) that shows narrow linewidths. We also report the first secure detection of the normal isomer of propanol, n-C3H7OH, in a hot core. Iso-propanol is found to be nearly as abundant as normal-propanol, with an abundance ratio of 0.6 which is similar to the ratio of 0.4 that we obtained previously for iso- and normal-propyl cyanide in Sgr B2(N2) at lower angular resolution with our previous ALMA survey, EMoCA. The observational results are in good agreement with the outcomes of our astrochemical models, which indicate that the OH-radical addition to propylene in dust-grain ice mantles, driven by water photodissociation, can produce appropriate quantities of normal- and iso-propanol. The normal-to-iso ratio in Sgr B2(N2) may be a direct inheritance of the branching ratio of this reaction process.

Conclusions.The detection of normal- and iso-propanol and their ratio indicate that the modest preference for the normal form of propyl cyanide determined previously may be a more general feature among similarly sized interstellar molecules. Detecting other pairs of interstellar organic molecules with a functional group attached either to a primary or secondary carbon may help in pinning down the processes that dominate in setting their normal-to-iso ratios. Butanol and its isomers would be the next obvious candidates in the alcohol family, but their detection in hot cores will be challenging.
Structure-borne sound sources in buildings – Estimating the uncertainty of source properties and installed power from interlaboratory test results
Authors: Wittstock Volker , Scheck Jochen , Villot Michel
Published: April 2022

A low immission due to structure-borne sound sources is a major component of the acoustic quality inside buildings. After many years of research, methods have been standardised to characterise such sources (EN 15657) and to predict their impact in buildings (EN 12354-5). This contribution is dedicated to the question what the uncertainty of the source descriptors and the predicted installed sound power is. To answer this question, an interlaboratory test with an artificial source was performed. Altogether seven laboratories participated, and estimates for the uncertainties of the source quantities could be deduced from the measurement results. Additionally, measurements were performed with a standardised structure-borne sound source, the ISO tapping machine, by all participating laboratories. The measured source quantity for this source turned out to be in good agreement with the theoretically predicted values thereby validating this theoretical prediction.
The multi-dimensional perceptions of office staff and non-office staff about metro noise in commercial spaces
Authors: Wang Qiaochu , Hongwei Wang , Cai Junli , Zhang Lin
Published: April 2022

Indoor acoustic environment has become a critical factor in architectural design, and some researchers argued that the reactions from people of varied age, gender, etc. to indoor noise should be considered. While the office staff along metro lines get used to frequent metro noise, their metro noise perceptions, which are supposed to be different from non-office staff, need to be clearly examined. Based on on-site physical measurements and questionnaire surveys, this study aims to analyze the multi-dimensional perceptions (annoyance, dissatisfaction and unpleasantness) of office staff and non-office staff about metro noise in the underground commercial spaces of a high-rise building. The results indicate that due to lower adaptability and tolerance to metro noise, the non-office staff were more sensitive to the change of metro noise than the office staff, and compared with the office staff, the non-office staff expressed obviously more intense multi-dimensional negative moods under the same metro noise environments. Furthermore, for the non-office staff, their annoyance and dissatisfaction ratings due to metro noise correlated well with A-weighted equivalent sound pressure level (LAeq) and maximum A sound pressure level (LAFmax). Among the psychoacoustic measures, loudness and sharpness mainly influenced their annoyance and dissatisfaction perceptions.
Effets d’exil dans la clinique
Authors: Czermak Marcel , Douville Olivier , Pirone Ilaria
Published: April 2022

Le docteur Marcel Czermak, psychiatre et psychanalyste, parle avec Olivier Douville et Ilaria Pirone des effets des expériences d’exil de corps et de langue sur la vie psychique. La dimension de ce qui circule de vie de la parole d’une génération à une autre est abordée et est évoquée aussi, à partir de la dimension du transfert, ce qui serait une définition juste et minimale de la culture.
Le transfert comme tentative de nouage
Authors: Bauza Barbara Santana
Published: April 2022

Peut-on penser la clinique de l’exil et du traumatisme en s’appuyant sur l’image spéculaire du corps, autrement dit la réactivation des enjeux du stade de miroir, dans une dimension borroméenne ? La rencontre avec l’irreprésentable de la mort peut s’accompagner pour certaines personnes d’une déliaison du nom, de l’image et de l’objet, déliaison Réel-Symbolique-Imaginaire qui imprègne fortement la symptomatologie traumatique.

Les signifiants qui émergent dans le transfert sont les premiers supports d’une tentative de liaison et de nouage pour un sujet marqué par des vécus d’effrois, des effractions, des processus de déshumanisation et de désaffiliation. Les mots qui nomment ce vécu sous un regard singulier de reconnaissance subjective viennent ici donner une certaine consistance à l’image spéculaire du corps. Le récit permet de sortir du silence et d’ouvrir la porte à la circulation de signifiants pour s’extraire de l’emprise du réel du vécu.
Consensus Conference 2021/2022: Physical and Rehabilitative
Medicine – Diagnostic and Therapeutic Options
Authors: Best Norman , Seidel Egbert
Published: April 2022

The 2021/2022 consensus conference covered the entire field of
physical and rehabilitative medicine. In this first part, the results of the
consensus conference with regard to physical medicine are presented. Aspects
of this area of the specialty are presented comprehensively.
Effect of Exercise Training on Arterial Stiffness in Overweight or
Obese Populations
Authors: Gong Lijing , Liu Yujia
Published: April 2022

The purpose was to analyze the effects of exercise training (ET) on arterial
stiffness in all-age overweight or obese individuals. Sixty-one trials were
included with ET improving flow-mediated dilation (FMD), pulse wave velocity
(PWV), and intima-media thickness (IMT). In the subgroup analysis: (i) ET
improved FMD in overweight or obese children and adolescents with a large effect
size (SMD=0.83, 95% CI 0.42–1.25). PWV was decreased
after ET regardless of age. IMT was decreased by ET in participants younger than
60, (ii) ET improved FMD, PWV, and IMT in participants whose BMI were smaller
than 30 kg/m2, but ET only improved PWV of
participants whose BMI were larger than 30 kg/m2.
(iii) AE improved FMD, PWV, and IMT. High-intensity interval training (HIIT)
decreased IMT. (iv) The increase of FMD only happened when training duration was
longer than eight weeks. However, ET decreased PWV when the training duration
was no longer than 12 weeks. IMT was decreased when the training duration was
longer than eight weeks. ET instigated an improvement in endothelial function
and arterial stiffness in overweight or obese populations, but depending on the
different characteristics of exercise intervention and participants’
demographics.
Factors Associated with Medication Adherence to Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics: Results from the STAR Network Depot Study
Authors: Aguglia Andrea , Fusar-Poli Laura , Natale Antimo , Amerio Andrea , Espa Irene , Villa Veronica , Martinotti Giovanni , Carrà Giuseppe , Bartoli Francesco , D’Agostino Armando , Serafini Gianluca , Amore Mario , Aguglia Eugenio , Ostuzzi Giovanni , Barbui Corrado
Published: April 2022

Introduction Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics are prescribed to people with severe psychiatric disorders who show poor adherence to oral medication. The present paper examined factors potentially associated with medication adherence to LAI treatment.

Methods The STAR (Servizi Territoriali Associati per la Ricerca) Network Depot Study was a multicenter, observational, prospective study that enrolled 461 subjects initiating a LAI from 32 Italian centers. After 6 and 12 months of treatment, we evaluated differences between participants with high (≥5 points) and low (<5 points) medication adherence using Kemp’s 7-point scale in sociodemographic, clinical, psychopathological, and drug-related variables. Factors that differed significantly between the two groups were entered for multivariate logistic regression.

Results Six months after enrollment, participants with high medication adherence were younger, living with other people, had lower Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) total scores, lower adverse events, and a more positive attitude toward medication than participants with low adherence. Multivariate regression confirmed lower BPRS resistance and activation scores, absence of adverse events, and positive attitude toward medication as factors significantly associated with good adherence. After 12 months, all BPRS subscales were significantly lower in the high adherence group, which also showed a more positive attitude toward medication. BPRS resistance and attitude toward medication were confirmed as factors associated with medication adherence.

Discussion Our findings suggest that adherence to LAI is principally related to attitude toward medication and traits of suspiciousness/hostility. Quality of patient-clinician relationship and tailored psychoeducational strategies may positively affect adherence in people undergoing psychopharmacological treatment, including LAI.
Behandlung des Spannungspneumothorax im Kindesalter – macht Spezialisierung den Unterschied?
Authors: Terboven Tom , Otto Matthias , Eimer Christine , Seewald Stephan , Rudolph Marcus , Hoffmann Florian , Viergutz Tim , Reifferscheid Florian
Published: April 2022

Ziel der Studie Aus dem Vergleich der bestehenden Erfahrungen von Kindernotärzten und Nichtkindernotärzten sollen Rückschlüsse auf das optimale Vorgehen am Einsatzort und auf
mögliche Ausbildungsschwerpunkte gezogen werden.

Methodik Die Datenerhebung erfolgte anhand eines Online-Fragebogens.

Ergebnisse Die Kindernotärzte hatten häufiger bereits eine Thoraxdekompression beim Kind durchgeführt (67,7% vs. 14,4%, p < 0,001), wählten im Falle einer Drainageanlage häufiger
Punktionsdrainagen (< 1 Jahr: p = 0,02; 5 Jahre: p = 0,003; 10 Jahre: p = 0,04) und im Falle einer Mini-Thorakotomie häufiger die Präparation mittels Schere oder Klemme (< 1 Jahr:
p = 0,01; 5 Jahre: p = 0,04; 10 Jahre: p = 0,64).

Schlussfolgerung Zwischen den beiden Gruppen bestehen signifikante Unterschiede in Bezug auf die gemachte Erfahrung und das gewählte Vorgehen, aus denen Rückschlüsse auf
Ausbildungsinhalte und möglicherweise auch Empfehlungen für das praktische Vorgehen gezogen werden können.
Catalytic Asymmetric Construction of CF3-Substituted Chiral sp3 Carbon Centers
Authors: Hirano Koji
Published: April 2022

Due to the unique steric and electronic nature of the fluorine atom, organofluorine compounds have received significant attention in the fields of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. In particular, the CF3 group is frequently found in biologically active compounds. However, compared to aryl- and alkenyl-CF3-containing molecules, the construction of sp3 carbon-based alkyl-CF3-containing molecules, particularly via catalytic enantioselective synthesis, remains a considerable challenge in spite of their high potential in medicinal applications. This short review focuses on recent advances in this research area, and the reported strategies are categorized according to reaction types and starting substrates. In addition, chiral catalysts, substrate scope, and reaction mechanisms are briefly summarized.

1 Introduction

2 Stereoselective Introduction of a CF3 Group

2.1 Nucleophilic Addition to Carbonyls and Imines

2.2 Electrophilic Substitution at the α Position of Carbonyls

2.3 Allylic Nucleophilic Substitution

3 Stereoselective Functionalization of CF3-Substituted Molecules

3.1 Electrophilic Substitution of α-CF3 Carbonyls

3.2 Substitution of α-Halo CF3 Compounds

3.3 Addition-Type Reactions with CF3-Substituted Alkenes

4 Conclusion and Outlook
Electrochemical Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones for the Synthesis of Alcohols and Diols under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Xiao , Yang Chao , Guo Lin , Xia Raymond Yang , Xia Wujiong
Published: April 2022

A sustainable, practical, and direct strategy for the reduction of carbonyl compounds, including aldehydes and ketones, by an electrochemical pathway is presented, affording a variety of alcohols or diols as major products with decent yields. The reaction proceeds smoothly in the air at ambient temperatures with DABCO as the sacrificial reductant. Mechanistic studies revealed that direct electrochemical reduction followed by either protonation or radical–radical homocoupling is the main pathway.
Synthesis of Multisubstituted Benzenes from Phenols via Multisubstituted Benzynes
Authors: Yoshida Suguru , Nagai Akira , Kobayashi Akihiro , Sakata Yuki , Minami Yasunori , Uchida Keisuke , Hosoya Takamitsu
Published: April 2022

A new method to synthesize multifunctionalized arenes from simple phenols through aryne intermediates is described. Multisubstituted aryne precursors were prepared from phenols by Ir-catalyzed C–H borylation, deborylthiolation, O-triflylation, S-oxidation, and further modification through ortho-deprotonation directed by the sulfoxide moiety. Various multisubstituted arenes were synthesized by transformations of highly functionalized aryne intermediates generated from the o-sulfinylaryl triflates.
Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and Anthropometry for Assessment of Nutritional Status at Diagnosis in Children with Cancer: A Single-Center Experience from India
Authors: Priyanka Soni , Sandeep Jain , Gauri Kapoor , Gayatri Vishwakarma
Published: April 2022

Background The survival of children with cancer has improved owing to advances in chemotherapy and better supportive care, and nutritional support is an important component of the latter especially in low- and middle-income countries like India.

Materials and Methods A prospective observational study of 137 newly diagnosed children with cancer aged less than 18 years was planned. Nutritional assessment was done using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), anthropometry, and serum albumin. Patients were followed for 3 months for assessment of treatment-related morbidity.

Results Lean body mass (LBM; DXA), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and body mass index detected undernutrition in 44, 45, and 14% patients, respectively. Combination of arm anthropometry (MUAC and triceps skinfold thickness) with serum albumin categorized patients as adequately nourished (32%), moderately depleted (18%), and severely depleted (49%). Patients with hematological malignancy had a higher prevalence of undernutrition but there was no difference in morbidities between the undernourished and adequately nourished children by any parameter. Hypoalbuminemia observed in 25% patients was associated with significant chemotherapy delays (p, 0.01) and interval admissions (p, 0.03). Using LBM as a criterion, linear regression analysis revealed MUAC (R
2 = 0.681) as the best predictor of undernutrition with lowest standard error.

Conclusion Our study reports undernutrition among two-fifths of newly diagnosed patients of childhood cancer associated with high prevalence of sarcopenia and adiposity. These findings are of utmost clinical relevance in planning interventional strategies.
Safe and Standard Thyroid Cancer Surgery, or Lack Thereof: Patterns and Correlates of Patient Referral to Tertiary Care Centre for Revision Thyroid Surgery in a LMIC
Authors: Barua Sunil Malla Bujar , Yadav Sanjay Kumar , Aggarwal Vivek , Mishra Anjali , Mishra Saroj Kanta , Chand Gyan , Agarwal Gaurav , Agarwal Amit
Published: April 2022

Background A surgeon's characteristics such as volume and practice setup are essential elements in outcome of thyroid cancer. However, little information is available from the developing world regarding qualities of primary surgeon, such as level of knowledge, skill, and proper documentation while referring to higher center.

Methods Records of 164 patients of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) from January 1990 to December 2018 undergoing revision thyroid surgery following primary surgery elsewhere were retrospectively analyzed.

Results Out of 164 patients with postoperative diagnosis of DTC, referral patterns were as follows: low volume (LV) to high volume (HV) (n = 120, 73.2%), followed by HV to HV (n = 44, 26.8%). The primary surgery assessed by the extent of residual disease was in agreement with the documentation in only 55%. The type of thyroidectomy performed was not mentioned in 9.8%. The status of the parathyroid glands was mentioned only in 15.8% and recurrent laryngeal nerve in 12.2%. Less than recommended surgery was performed in 52.5% patients. Despite less than recommended surgery, 44.5% patients were directly referred for radioactive iodine ablation (RAIA). Thirty two percent patients were referred for RAIA after hemithyroidectomy. Central or lateral compartment lymphadenectomy, even after indication, was less likely at LV centers (risk ratio [RR], 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64–0.77). Similarly, for DTC patients, the relationship between LV center surgery and subsequent referral for RAIA was RR, 0.71 (95% CI, 0.48–1.02).

Conclusions Most patients referred from LV surgeons are less likely to have proper thyroidectomy, have inadequate documentation of the primary surgery, and are referred for RAIA after less than total thyroidectomy. Our study highlights the lacunae in the approach to and understanding of thyroid cancer surgery by secondary care physicians in our country. We believe that there is an urgent necessity of educational reform and training to rectify this problem.
Abnormal Movement Following Transcobalamin II Deficiency Treatment Responding to Clonazepam: A Case Report
Authors: AlFaris Haya Salman , AlJefri Abdullah Hussain , Alsowat Daad Khalaf
Published: April 2022

Transcobalamin II (TCII) is a transporter protein that facilitates cobalamin release from the bloodstream to the cell. Deficiency in TCII is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a mutation in the TCN2 gene. Treatment with intramuscular injection of hydroxocobalamin is greatly effective in improving the symptoms of this disorder. However, abnormal involuntary movements can occur and have been reported in patients with cobalamin deficiency caused by nutritional deficiency. Though, it is rarely associated with the treatment of hereditary TCII deficiency. Here, we report such a case, aiming to alert practitioners treating hereditary TCII deficiency. A 2-year-old boy born to a consanguineous parents presented with failure to thrive, recurrent infection, and pancytopenia. His condition deteriorated rapidly, and his investigation was remarkable for pancytopenia, elevated methylmalonic acid, and myelodysplastic changes in the bone marrow. A flash whole-exome sequence confirmed the diagnosis of TCII deficiency. The patient began treatment with IM hydroxocobalamin, and on the second day, he developed an abnormal involuntary movement that was abated by clonazepam. Abnormal nonepileptic movements following IM hydroxocobalamin in a patient with TCII deficiency shows a remarkable response to clonazepam.
Redução precoce de tálus em extrusão aberta: Relato de caso
Authors: Sánchez Carlos A. , Gutierrez Daniela , Mendoza Whendy A. , Niño Manuel E.
Published: April 2022

A luxação do tálus é uma lesão infrequente e com desfechos variáveis em relatos e séries de casos. Sua epidemiologia ainda não foi esclarecida, pois a lesão é descrita de diferentes formas: extrusão completa do tálus, luxação fechada ou aberta, luxação aberta com fratura do tálus, ou luxação aberta com fratura de maléolo. Tais classificações limitam a possibilidade de avaliação desta lesão como uma patologia única. Também não há consenso sobre o melhor tratamento para a luxação do tálus. Diversas técnicas de tratamento foram descritas, inclusive reimplante com e sem fixação externa, osteossíntese precoce, e até mesmo talectomia e pseudoartrodese tibiocalcânea precoces. Os desfechos desse tipo de lesão podem variar tanto quanto as opções terapêuticas. Entre as complicações no primeiro ano após a lesão, estão necrose avascular (NAV) e osteoartrite pós-traumática precoce. Este trabalho relata o desfecho funcional e radiológico adequado um ano após a redução precoce de uma extrusão completa do tálus com osteossíntese de uma fratura do maléolo medial.
Near ultraviolet photonic integrated lasers based on silicon nitride
Authors: Siddharth Anat , Wunderer Thomas , Lihachev Grigory , Voloshin Andrey S. , Haller Camille , Wang Rui Ning , Teepe Mark , Yang Zhihong , Liu Junqiu , Riemensberger Johann , Grandjean Nicolas , Johnson Noble , Kippenberg Tobias J.
Published: April 2022

Low phase noise lasers based on the combination of III–V semiconductors and silicon photonics are well established in the near-infrared spectral regime. Recent advances in the development of low-loss silicon nitride-based photonic integrated resonators have allowed them to outperform bulk external diode and fiber lasers in both phase noise and frequency agility in the 1550 nm-telecommunication window. Here, we demonstrate for the first time a hybrid integrated laser composed of a gallium nitride-based laser diode and a silicon nitride photonic chip-based microresonator operating at record low wavelengths as low as 410 nm in the near-ultraviolet wavelength region suitable for addressing atomic transitions of atoms and ions used in atomic clocks, quantum computing, or for underwater LiDAR. By self-injection locking of the Fabry–Pérot diode laser to a high-Q (0.4 × 106) photonic integrated microresonator, we reduce the optical phase noise at 461 nm by a factor greater than 100×, limited by the device quality factor and back-reflection.
Bottom tunnel junction-based blue LED with a thin Ge-doped current spreading layer
Authors: Chlipała Mikołaj , Turski Henryk , Żak Mikołaj , Muziol Grzegorz , Siekacz Marcin , Nowakowski-Szkudlarek Krzesimir , Fiuczek Natalia , Feduniewicz-Żmuda Anna , Smalc-Koziorowska Julita , Skierbiszewski Czesław
Published: April 2022

In this work, we present a GaN-based blue LED construction utilizing bottom tunnel junction (TJ) grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The setup allows for N-polar-like built-in field alignment while being grown on a Ga-polar substrate. In this study, we present an efficient bottom TJ LED in which the distance between the quantum well and device surface is only 25 nm. This is achieved by the utilization of an n-type current spreading layer consisting of 20 nm thick In0.02Ga0.98N with a Ge doping concentration of 7 × 1019 cm−3. Heavily Ge and Mg doped bottom TJs allowed achieving a low LED turn-on voltage of 2.75 V at 20 A/cm2 and a differential resistivity of 4.7 × 10−4 Ω cm2 at 1 kA/cm2. The device maintained high crystal quality and smooth morphology, which allows for its use as a light emitting platform for further integration. Although the p-up reference LED exhibits lower resistivity at high current, its luminous efficiency is lower than for bottom TJ LEDs.
Hugoniot and dynamic strength in polyurea
Authors: Jordan Jennifer L. , Casem Daniel T. , Robinette Jason
Published: April 2022

Polyurea is of interest for blast mitigation of structures, which requires a good understanding of the dynamic properties including the shock Hugoniot and dynamic spall and shear strength. In this study, reverse impact experiments were used to determine the shock Hugoniot, direct impact experiments were used to determine the spall strength, and lateral manganin gauge experiments were used to determine the dynamic shear strength. Reverse impact experiments revealed that the Hugoniot has a linear fit at low pressures and appears to be undergoing a reaction at higher pressures. The spall strength experiments in this study in combination with the literature data showed that the spall strength increases as a function of pressure, which is unusual in polymers and may be attributed to polyurea transforming to a glassy phase. In the shear strength experiments, the shear stress was shown to increase with increasing longitudinal stress in polyurea, similar to estane, another elastomer.
Dual functional anode for organic light-emitting devices by directly imprinted nanostructured ultrathin Au film
Authors: Ma Chi , Lou Huan
Published: April 2022

The ultrathin metal film with excellent electrical conductivity and high visible-band transmittance has attracted considerable attention as a transparent electrode for the organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). However, the deficient surface morphology and poor continuity of low thickness evaporated metal films and the surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) mode induced energy loss still seriously limit the actual efficiency of OLEDs. In this work, the thermal nanoimprint lithography has been further modified and directly applied to fabricate nanostructures onto the ultrathin Au film. During the imprinting process, the surface smoothness and conductivity of the Au film are obviously optimized with the formation of nanostructures. After integrating proper nanostructures into OLEDs, the photons that trapped by SPPs mode within the device were effectively out-coupled. The current efficiency and luminance have been enhanced 45.3% and 18.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the emitting properties of the OLEDs were also modified by the nanostructures, and the directional transmission capability of output light was significantly improved.
Temperature dependent pulsed IV and RF characterization of β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3/Ga2O3 hetero-structure FET with ex situ passivation
Authors: Saha Chinmoy Nath , Vaidya Abhishek , Singisetti Uttam
Published: April 2022

In this work, we report a study of the temperature dependent pulsed current voltage and RF characterization of β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3/Ga2O3 hetero-structure FETs (HFETs) before and after silicon nitride (Si3N4) passivation. Under sub-microsecond pulsing, a moderate DC-RF dispersion (current collapse) is observed before passivation in gate lag measurements, while no current collapse is observed in the drain lag measurements. The dispersion in the gate lag is possibly attributed to interface traps in the gate–drain access region. DC-RF dispersion did not show any strong dependence on the pulse widths. Temperature dependent RF measurements up to 250 °C do not show degradation in the cutoff frequencies. After Si3N4 deposition at 350 °C, a shift of the threshold voltage is observed which changed the DC characteristics. However, the current collapse is eliminated; at 200 ns pulse widths, a 50% higher current is observed compared to the DC at high drain voltages. No current collapse is observed even at higher temperatures. RF performance of the passivated devices does not show degradation. These results show that ex situ deposited Si3N4 is a potential candidate for passivation of β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3/Ga2O3 HFETs.
Single-layer absorption-diffusion-integrated metasurface for high-performance radar cross section reduction using hybrid copper–graphene structure
Authors: Zhao Yu-Tong , Chen Jianzhong , Wei Yaqi , Zhang Chengwei , Li Liang , Wu Bian , Su Tao
Published: April 2022

Numerous studies have been made to design absorption–diffusion–integrated metasurface (ADIM) for the application of electromagnetic stealth. However, it is still a challenge to achieve an outstanding stealth effect and a simple structure simultaneously. In this article, we propose two simple hybrid copper–graphene units with similar absorptivity and a reflected phase difference of pi, which are utilized to construct a novel ADIM by using a simulated annealing algorithm with a scattering pattern prediction module. A sample with an overall size of 200 × 200 mm2 is designed, fabricated, and measured. Both simulation and experimental results are in good agreement, which fully demonstrate the design method. The proposed ADIM with only a single functional layer exhibits more than 20 dB radar cross section reduction from 7.5 to 13.5 GHz maintained to 20° oblique incidence, which could address this challenge successfully. Power loss density and surface current distributions of the proposed two units are given to provide a physical insight of the mechanisms. The proposed ADIM can enable a wide application in stealth cloak, microwave imaging, wave front manipulation, and so on.