bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational Approach to Combat COVID-19 Infection: Emerging
Tools for Accelerating Drug Research
Authors: Sahoo Biswa Mohan , Bhattamisra Subrat Kumar , Das Sarita , Tiwari Abhishek , Tiwari Varsha , Kumar Manish , Singh Sunil
Published: January 2022

Background:

The process of drug discovery and development is expensive, complex, timeconsuming,
and risky. There are different techniques involved in the process of drug development, including
random screening, computational approaches, molecular manipulation, and serendipitous research.
Among these methods, the computational approach is considered an efficient strategy to accelerate
and economize the drug discovery process.

Objective:

This approach is mainly applied in various phases of the drug discovery process, including
target identification, target validation, lead identification, and lead optimization. Due to the increase in
the availability of information regarding various biological targets of different disease states, computational
approaches such as molecular docking, de novo design, molecular similarity calculation, virtual
screening, pharmacophore-based modeling, and pharmacophore mapping have been applied extensively.

Methods:

Various drug molecules can be designed by applying computational tools to explore the
drug candidates for the treatment of Coronavirus infection. The World Health Organization announced
the coronavirus disease as COVID-19 and declared it a global pandemic on 11 February 2020. Therefore,
it is thought of interest to the scientific community to apply computational methods to design and
optimize the pharmacological properties of various clinically available and FDA-approved drugs such
as remdesivir, ribavirin, favipiravir, oseltamivir, ritonavir, arbidol, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine,
carfilzomib, baraticinib, prulifloxacin, etc., for effective treatment of COVID-19 infection.

Results:

Further, various survey reports suggest that extensive studies are carried out by various research
communities to find out the safety and efficacy profile of these drug candidates.

Conclusion:

This review is focused on the study of various aspects of these drugs related to their target
sites on the virus, binding interactions, physicochemical properties, etc.
2,3-Diaminomaleonitrile: A Multifaceted Synthon in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Chaudhary Ankita
Published: January 2022

2,3-Diaminomaleonitrile (DAMN), a tetramer of hydrogen cyanide, displays weakly basic properties
and has reactivity comparable to o-phenylenediamine. It has emerged as a versatile, cheap as well as a readily
accessible building block towards the synthesis of a variety of organic compounds. The present review focuses
on the applications of 2,3-diaminomaleonitrile for the synthesis of Schiff’s base, imidazoles, pyrazines,
quinoxolines, benzodiazocines, 1,4-diazepines, purines, pyrimidines, pyrazine-tetrazole hybrids, triazoles, thiadiazole,
thiazolidines, porphyrazines, formamidines, 1,3,5-triazepines, pyrrolo[3,4-b][1,4]diazepin-6(3H)-ones,
triaza[22]annulenes, pyrrolo[3,4-f][1,3,5]triazepines, spiro compounds, pyrazoles and 2,3-dicyano-5,7-
bismethylthieno[3,4-b]pyrazine.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Donda Keyur T. , Torres Benjamin A. , Khashu Minesh , Maheshwari Akhil
Published: January 2022

The etiopathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains unclear, but increasing
information suggests that the risk and severity of NEC may be influenced by single nucleotide polymorphisms
in many genes. In this article, we have reviewed gene variations that have either been
specifically identified in NEC or have been noted in other inflammatory bowel disorders with similar
histopathological abnormalities. We present evidence from our own peer-reviewed laboratory
studies and data from an extensive literature search in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus.
To avoid bias in the identification of existing studies, search keywords were short-listed both
from our own studies and from PubMed’s Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) thesaurus.
Procalcitonin as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with COVID-19 in
Southwestern Iran
Authors: Abadi Milad Shahini Shams , Taheri Elham , Raesi Ahmad , Arjmand Mohammad-Hassan , Kheirii Soleiman , Shahinfard Najmeh , Habibi Zahra
Published: January 2022

Background:

There is increasing evidence supporting a central role of the viral-induced
hyper-inflammatory immune response in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Serum procalcitonin (PCT) is
an emerging prognostic marker in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to
investigate the relationship between serum procalcitonin and clinical severity and outcomes in patients
with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Materials and Methods:

Hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated in patients with
COVID-19 infection from February to April 2020 at Hajar Hospital in the Shahrekord University of
Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran.

Results:

The results showed that total lymphocyte counts, albumin, calcium, and creatinine levels were
significantly different between the two moderate and severe groups, and the mean of procalcitonin
level in COVID-19 patients with severe disease was higher (0.36 ng/mL) compared with the patients
with moderate disease, and its level was found to be >5 ng/mL in 14.2% of5 ng/mL in 14.2% of patients
in the former group.

Conclusions:

PCT may be a marker of disease severity in COVID-19 and may contribute to determining
the severity of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, serial PCT measurements may be
beneficial in predicting the prognosis.
Anti-toxoplasma and Cytotoxic Activities of Holothuria leucospilota
Extract and TiO2NPs In vitro and In vivo
Authors: Asadi Negar , Yousefi Elham , Tappeh Khosrow Hazrati , Khademvatan Shahram
Published: January 2022

Background:

An impressive treatment for toxoplasmosis is the combinatory use of sulfadiazine
and pyrimethamine. However, both the drugs involve significant side effects and toxicity for the
host. Therefore, the discovery of new anti-toxoplasma medications with high efficacy and less to no
side effects is urgently needed.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the anti-toxoplasmic effects of Holothuria leucospilota (H.
leucospilota) extract and TiO2NPs on the cell death of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) tachyzoites in
vitro and serum liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP), and also to evaluate the immune response and
production of IL-5, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in a mouse model.

Materials and Methods:

The cytotoxicity of TiO2NPs and H. leucospilota extract against the
tachyzoite of T. gondii was evaluated by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The levels of
serum TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-5, and liver enzymes were measured, as well. All the groups were subjected
to T. gondii, and the survival rate of experimental mice was evaluated.

Results:

Our findings suggested in vivo and in vitro anti-toxoplasmic activity of TiO2NPs and H. leucospilota
extract by inhibiting the proliferation and invasion of T. gondii tachyzoite. In addition, a
significant increase in IFN-γ and TNF-α production was observed in mice treated with high doses of
TiO2NPs and H. leucospilota extract. However, IL-5 levels decreased in TiO2NPs and H. leucospilota
extract-treated mice. Our results also showed a highly significant increase (P < 0.05) in the levels of
ALT, AST, and ALP in the groups injected with TiO2NPs and H. leucospilota extract, but not the control
group.

Conclusion:

TiO2NPs and H. leucospilota extract have greater anti-toxoplasma effects in vitro and in
vivo. These two compounds could be considered as a candidate for use against toxoplasmosis, both
therapeutically and prophylactically.
Critical Review of the Simple Theoretical Models in Dynamic Imaging:
Up-Slope Method and Graphical Analysis
Authors: Ashoor Habib E.
Published: January 2022

Clinical imaging equipment technological advancements offer insight into the evolution of mathematical techniques used to estimate parameters necessary to characterize the microvasculature and, thus, differentiate normal tissues from abnormal ones. These parameters are blood flow (F), capillary endothelial permeability surface area product (PS), vascular fraction (vp), and extravascular extracellular space size (EES,ve). There are a number of well-established approaches that exist in the literature; however, their analysis is restricted by complexity and is heavily influenced by noise. On the other hand, these characteristics can also be calculated using simpler and straightforward approaches such as Up-Slope Method (USM) and Graphical Analysis (GA). The review looks into the theoretical background and clinical uses of these methodologies, as well as the applicability of these techniques in various sections of the human body.
Comparative analysis of wilson nxt brand string tension on wilson hyper hamer 7.5 racket against wilson and nassau ball bounce on court tennis
Authors: Supono Supono , Mustain Ach Zayul , Irwanto Edi , Mislan Mislan , Mursidi Agus
Published: January 2022

Field tennis is a small ball game that requires a field and the players need a racket with its own string specifications. Like the Wilson NXT brand strings on the Wilson Hyper Hamer 7.5 racket, which has its own tension when it will receive the ball. To find out the tension of the strings, it is necessary to do a test. The ball bounce data was collected at positions 0 to 7 positions with a racket tension of 50 lbs and analyzed by performing normality tests, homogeneity tests, and hypothesis testing. The normality test on these strings has a significance of 0.05 and is categorized as normal. Meanwhile, the homogeneity test can be seen that the results of the Dunlop ball and Nassau ball bounce have a value of sig. p 0.31 and the data is homogeneous. For the results of the t-test, it is known that the significance value of p is 0.611 and there is a significant difference. So, there is a correlation of the influence of the Wilson NXT brand string tension on the Wilson Hyper Homer 7.5 racket on the rebound of the Dunlop ball and the Nassau ball in tennis.
As Vidas e os milagres de Isabel da Hungria e Isabel de Aragão Estudo de duas santas dos séculos XIII-XIV
Authors: Sousa Liliana
Published: January 2022

The parallels between the cults of Elizabeth of Hungary and Elizabeth of Aragon motivated the realization of this article. Thus, we intend to observe a set of sources to verify in which ways the images of both saints were shaped and in which ways they were portrayed, considering the religious panorama of the Late Middle Ages, a time that favored the proliferation of various spiritual currents along the European continent.We aim an analysis of their hagiografical texts as well as their miracle accounts, which will allow us to understand better these two figures, as well as the agents who participated in the origin and development of their cults.
Livros de Horas na corte de Avis revisão de leituras e novos contributos, em busca de formas de piedade medieval
Authors: Nascimento Aires A. de
Published: January 2022

We take up here the study of three Books of Hours from the 15th century in Portuguese collections: the Prayer Book of D. João I, the Book of Hours of D. Duarte, and the Book of Hours of D. João II, the latter only recently revealed to the public. We look at less noted particularities and reflect on contexts of cultural integration: the figure of Alfonso de Cartagena and his relations with D. Duarte is the key and cut-off point for dating the case of D. Duarte’s Book of We take up here the study of three Books of Hours from the 15th century in Portuguese collections: the Prayer Book of D. João I, the Book of Hours of D. Duarte, and the Book of Hours of D. João II, the latter only recently revealed to the public. We look at less noted particularities and reflect on contexts of cultural integration: the figure of Alfonso de Cartagena and his relations with D. Duarte is the key and cut-off point for dating the case of D. Duarte’s Book of We take up here the study of three Books of Hours from the 15th century in Portuguese collections: the Prayer Book of D. João I, the Book of Hours of D. Duarte, and the Book of Hours of D. João II, the latter only recently revealed to the public. We look at less noted particularities and reflect on contexts of cultural integration: the figure of Alfonso de Cartagena and his relations with D. Duarte is the key and cut-off point for dating the case of D. Duarte’s Book of Hours, but never taken into account; we also look at details never examined in João I’s Prayer Book which will have also passed through the hands of the prince; we also stress some particular traits in the life of piety of King João II from traits revealed in his Book of Hours, knowledge of which has recently been made public, and we emphasize exceptional personal qualities of this king, called “the Man” by Isabella the Catholic when they gave her the news of his passing. We dedicate this study to Gemma Avenoza, a scholar who came to Lisbon to attend our classes in Codicology at the Faculdade de Letras and who distinguished herself in identifying and recovering manuscript fragments, integrating them in their cultural context.
O jogo do pau em Bucos através de narrativas orais: a família de Mestre Orides
Authors: Aguiar Lídia
Published: January 2022

This article discusses the traditional game of the stick, practiced in the parish of Bucos, municipality of Cabeceiras de Basto. This game, of popular roots and strongly northern character, originated in an eminently rural society, served as an art of defence and attack, is now preserved by family and social dynamics as a mastery to be maintained from generation to generation. In Bucos, the possibility of recovering individual and family memories remains, going back to the 40s of the 20th century, despite the strong desertification as a result of successive migratory waves. It was possible to verify, through empirical work, that the memories of teachers and apprentices of the game of the stick allowed to maintain the union and family transmission. It is intended, then, to observe the importance of this tradition, intangible cultural heritage, at the level of its practitioners and how it relates to family dynamics in Bucos. It also aims to investigate their contribution to the respective sociocultural safeguard
O TELETRABALHO PARA A PESSOA COM DEFICIÊNCIA COMO DIFICULTADOR DA INCLUSÃO SOCIAL
Authors: Fuzetto Murilo Muniz , Rossignoli Marisa
Published: January 2022

Em função do direito ao trabalho e necessidade de inclusão da pessoa com deficiência, este artigo objetiva, com a utilização do método hipotético-dedutivo, abordar sobre o prejuízo à inclusão social da pessoa com deficiência com a ampliação da adoção do teletrabalho ao empregado pertencente a este grupo. Com a justificativa de facilitar o transporte, o teletrabalho é realidade atual para viabilizar o labor de seus funcionários, especialmente em tempos de pandemia como a vivenciada globalmente no ano de 2020. Por este modo, esta modalidade pode ser adotada por empresas para possibilitar preencher seus quadros de funcionários com pessoas com deficiência sem que haja a necessidade de investir em adequações nas estruturas físicas de seus prédios. Parte-se da hipótese que tal medida, embora aparente inicialmente ser mecanismo importante de inclusão social, mostra-se como forma de exclusão por afastar este grupo do convívio social. Portanto, é possível concluir que o teletrabalho não deve ser empregado como ação afirmativa, uma vez que está em desencontro com o real significado de inclusão social e da própria finalidade das políticas públicas. Utilizou-se de revisão bibliográfica para a realização da pesquisa.
ELEIÇÕES, POPULISMO E DESINFORMAÇÃO DIGITAL: O PAPEL DAS REDES SOCIAIS FRENTE A ESTIGMATIZAÇÃO DA IMPRENSA
Authors: Terenzi Gabriel Vieira , Junqueira Beatriz Pereira , Botelho Marcos César
Published: January 2022

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o papel das redes sociais diante do processo de estigmatização pela qual a imprensa tradicional passa na linguagem de discursos populistas, catalisados pela desinformação digital. Para tanto, passou-se a abordar os conceitos de desinformação e pós-verdade digital, bem como os hábitos que caracterizam esse fenômeno. Em sequência, o trabalho aborda as práticas populistas, demonstrando suas interações com a democracia de audiência e identificando que a imprensa passa a ser, nesses discursos, apontada como parte das “elites” e, assim, considerada inimiga. Verificadas as relações entre os instrumentos que propagam a desinformação digital e a retroalimentação do fenômeno populista, o trabalho passa a propor, mediante uma metodologia hipotético-dedutiva, a curadoria de conteúdo e a modificação qualitativa do comportamento das redes sociais como soluções, concluindo que tais medidas convertem-se em respostas adequadas aos riscos decorrentes do populismo eleitoral, por se tratarem de soluções moderadas, que refreiam o antagonismo digital.
OS PRINCÍPIOS CONSTITUCIONAIS DO DIREITO ADMINISTRATIVO SANCIONADOR NO REGIME DEMOCRÁTICO DA CONSTITUIÇÃO DE 1988
Authors: Gonçalves Benedito , Grilo Renato Cesar Guedes
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo tem por finalidade expor a inflexão direta da força normativa dos princípios e regras constitucionais ao direito sancionatório do Estado. Com essa finalidade, de início, explicitaremos a centralidade da Constituição Federal de 1988 no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, para onde convergem todas as soluções normativas, independente do grau hierárquico e da instância aplicadora. Depois, argumentaremos que, qualitativamente, não há diferença na natureza jurídica do direito sancionatório, quando aplicado pela Justiça criminal ou pela Administração Pública. Tampouco há diferenças, do ponto de vista da inflexão direta dos valores constitucionais, entre as sanções de natureza criminal e de natureza administrativa: todas devem obediência aos princípios constitucionais do direito sancionador. Por fim, exemplificaremos a aplicabilidade dos princípios constitucionais na delimitação do conceito de improbidade administrativa, concluindo pela necessidade de aferição da tipicidade, lesividade, antijuridicidade e culpabilidade para a configuração da ocorrência do ato ímprobo.
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) en un hato lechero de búfalos en Colombia
Authors: Tuberquia-López Brahian Camilo , Uribe-García Felipe , Medrano-Montoya María Ximena , Correa-Valencia Nathalia María del Pilar , Ramírez-Vásquez Nicolás Fernando , Fernández-Silva Jorge Arturo
Published: January 2022

Objetivo. Determinar la presencia de Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) mediante métodos serológicos, microbiológicos y moleculares, para genotipar los aislamientos de MAP y explorar factores asociados a la seropositividad a MAP en un hato de búfalos del departamento de Antioquia (Colombia). Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal para analizar muestras fecales y de suero de 21 búfalas adultas asintomáticas mediante cultivo y ELISA, respectivamente. Los cultivos aislados sospechosos se confirmaron mediante PCR de MAP-IS900 (IS900-PCR). El ADN positivo se volvió a analizar mediante PCR cuantitativo de MAP-IS900 (IS900-qPCR), y luego, se subtipificó utilizando unidades repetitivas intercaladas de micobacterias-número variable de repeticiones en tándem (MIRU-VNTR) y repetición de secuencia corta de múltiples locus (MLSSR). Resultados. Al muestreo, la edad promedio de los animales era de 4.7 años, el 90.5% (19/21) eran hembras y el 84.2% (16/19) estaban preñadas. El puntaje promedio de condición corporal fue 4.2 (escala de 1 a 5). La producción de leche promedio fue de 3.5 L/día/animal. No se detectaron animales seropositivos a MAP. Una hembra de los 21 búfalos fue positiva mediante cultivo fecal en la semana seis de incubación y luego se confirmó mediante IS900-PCR. El análisis de subtipado reveló que el aislado de MAP correspondía al genotipo INMV 3 por MIRU-VNTR. Conclusiones. Según el conocimiento de los autores, este es el primer diagnóstico y aislamiento de MAP en búfalos en Colombia y la primera vez que se encuentra un perfil INMV 3 de MAP en esta especie en el país.
Bioacumulación de mercurio y plomo en el pato Dendrocygna autumnalis en la subregión de la Mojana, Colombia
Authors: Buelvas-Soto Jorge , Marrugo-Madrid Siday , Marrugo-Negrete José
Published: January 2022

Objetivo. La Mojana es una zona biodiversa de humedales que se ubica en la región Caribe, siendo el hábitat de numerosas especies. La minería, aguas arriba, y las actividades agrícolas han generado la acumulación de metales pesados en estos ecosistemas. Se determinaron las concentraciones de mercurio (Hg) y plomo (Pb) en 47 muestras de sangre y plumas de Dendrocygna autumnalis (Pisingo) en dos sitios de La Mojana, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Las concentraciones de Hg y Pb en sangre y plumas se cuantificaron mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica de vapor frío (CVAAS) y espectrometría de absorción atómica en horno de grafito (GFAAS), respectivamente. Resultados. Las más altas concentraciones de Hg y Pb en plumas y sangre fueron 475.4±180.5 ng/g, 873.59±412.06 ng/g y 9.87±10.6 ng/mL, 218.5±216.6 ng/mL, respectivamente. El 100% de las muestras de plumas de los individuos capturados sobrepasó el límite permisible de 40 ng/g para Hg en carne de pato establecido por la Unión Europea. Así mismo, el 47% de las muestras de sangre y el 53% de las de plumas de los individuos capturados excedieron los límites permisibles para plomo en carne de pato de 100 ng/g de la Unión Europea. Conclusiones. Las actividades mineras y agrícolas han generado procesos de acumulación de metales pesados en Dendrocygna autumnalis, lo cual representa una amenaza para la conservación de esta especie y un riesgo a la salud por consumo para los habitantes de la región.
El horario de complementación alimenticia modifica la respuesta productiva de cabras lecheras en pastoreo
Authors: Granados-Rivera Lorenzo Danilo , Maldonado-Jáquez Jorge A. , Bautista-Martínez Yuridia , Garay-Martínez Jonathan Raul , Álvarez-Ojeda María Genoveva
Published: January 2022

Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto del horario de complementación con un alimento integral sobre la producción y composición química de la leche de cabras lactantes en condiciones de pastoreo en el norte de México. Materiales y métodos. Doce cabras Saanen adultas se asignaron en forma equitativa y aleatoria a tres tratamientos: testigo, complementación Mañana y complementación Tarde. Se midió consumo de materia seca (MS), peso vivo (PV), condición corporal (CC), producción de leche (PL), composición química y rendimiento de los componentes de la leche (proteína, lactosa y grasa). Resultados. El consumo mayor de MS total se obtuvo en las cabras complementadas por la tarde (p=0.02), y también fueron las que produjeron mayor cantidad de leche (p<0.0001). Las concentraciones de proteína (p=0.07) y lactosa (p=0.10) en leche no se modificaron por efecto de tratamientos. El contenido de grasa en leche de las cabras del grupo testigo fue mayor (p<0.05) que en los tratamientos con complementación. Conclusiones. La complementación por la tarde mejoró la respuesta productiva de cabras lactantes en pastoreo durante la época seca en el norte de México.
Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas preventivas frente a segunda ola del COVID-19, La Libertad- Perú
Authors: Yupari-Azabache Irma Luz , Bardales-Aguirre Lucia Beatriz , Barros-Sevillano Shamir , Díaz-Ortega Jorge Luis
Published: January 2022

Objetivo. Analizar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas preventivas frente a la segunda ola del COVID-19 en residentes de La Libertad- Perú. Material y métodos. Se aplicó un diseño transversal, correlacional; se utilizó un cuestionario debidamente validado y los datos fueron recolectados usando un formulario virtual a 294 residentes del departamento de La Libertad, cuya muestra fue hallada cumpliendo los parámetros estadísticos requeridos. Resultados. Las características de los encuestados fueron edad promedio de 28.3±9.9 años y 71.8% mujeres. Las personas con nivel de conocimiento bueno y actitud adecuada tenían características como estado civil casado o conviviente, tenían hijos, grado de instrucción superior y contaban con trabajo estable. Las variables edad y sexo son las que se asociaron al nivel de conocimiento y actitud, así como el hecho de conocer las formas de contagio, que se asoció significativamente con las actitudes y practicas preventivas que se tiene frente a la segunda ola del COVID-19, por último, un 38.1% de personas encuestadas indicaron que no confían en la efectividad de la vacuna. Conclusiones. Los residentes encuestados del departamento de la Libertad- Perú presentan buenos niveles de conocimiento, actitudes y practicas preventivas, sin embargo, se apreció que no tienen muy claro las formas de contagio y esto sumado a una mala economía, ha llevado al incremento de casos.
Caracterización morfológica, faneróptica y de genes dominantes de la gallina criolla Subespecie nudicollis en la región Sabanas del departamento de Sucre-Colombia
Authors: Montes-Vergara Donicer , Hernández-Herrera Darwin , Carrillo-González Diego
Published: January 2022

Objetivo. Estimar la diversidad morfométrica, faneróptica y de cuatro genes dominantes en aves criollas de pescuezo desnudo (Gallus domesticus L. Subespecie nudicollis) de traspatio en la subregión Sabana, departamento de Sucre (Colombia). Materiales y métodos. En 650 aves adultas (480 gallinas y 170 gallos) de 10 localidades, se midieron 14 variables morfométricas, ocho fanerópticas y cuatro genes dominantes. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis descriptivos. Mediante análsis de varianza y test de Ducan se compararon las aves entre localidades. Se evaluó la armonía morfoestructural a partir de las correlaciones entre las mediciones. Se estimaron las frecuencias de los genes Frizzled feather, silky feather, ptilopody y polydactyly,  e influencia, sobre cuatro variables mofométricas. Las variables fanerópticas se evaluaron mediante frecuencias. Resultados. Los descriptores analizados mostraron superioridad de los gallos sobre las gallinas al igual que entre localidades (p< 0.001). El peso corporal y longitud del tarso, fueron diferenciadores sexuales (p< 0.001). Las frecuencias alélicas estimadas fueron bajas excepto para el gen Polydactyly, cuyas aves fueron significativamente más grandes (p< 0.001). Las características fanerópticas, describen un ave de plumaje normal, de color marrón, tarsos blancos, color de lóbulo rojo y ojo rojo-naranja, de cresta simple y tamaño pequeño-mediano en gallinas y mediano-grande en gallos. Conclusiones. Se encontró una población heterogénea con gran variabilidad fanerópticas, hay indicios de introgresión de razas especializadas. Las frecuencias de los genes dominantes fueron bajas, con mayor rendimiento para las características W, LC, PT, LP y LA en las aves con genotipo polydactyly.
An Analysis of Health Care Team Communication Needs Among Younger vs Older Breast Cancer Survivors: Web-Based Survey
Authors: Vollmer Dahlke Deborah , Yoshikawa Aya , McAdam Molly , Malatok Sharyn , Gonzales Elaine D
Published: January 2022

Background

Prior studies indicate that the age of onset of breast cancer is an important element in considering communication between patients and the health care team. Younger women aged 45 and under diagnosed with breast cancer are often at a higher risk of being more vulnerable to psychosocial issues compared to older women aged 46 years and above. Few studies have examined age differences in patient perceptions of treatment-related discussion and communication during transition with their health care team.

Objective

The aims of this survey were (1) to better understand breast cancer survivors’ perspectives regarding communication with health care providers during treatment and during transition to posttreatment care; and (2) to determine the differences between younger women with breast cancer (≤45 years of age) and older women (≥46 years of age). It was hypothesized that (1) breast cancer survivors’ psychosocial and finance-related communications with health care providers may lack effectiveness; (2) younger women experience greater needs for patient-centered communication with physicians and health care providers, especially about psychosocial care and transition to posttreatment care; and (3) younger breast cancer patients (≤45 years of age) need more information on survivorship and follow-up care.

Methods

An internet-based survey was conducted with 143 women in Central Texas with 35% (n=50) aged 45 years or under and 65% (n=93) aged 46 years and above. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed to assess differences in participants’ perceptions about communication with health care providers by age group: younger (≤45 years of age) and older (≥46 years of age) women.

Results

Statistically significant results pertained to rating health care team and patient discussions about transition from treatment to posttreatment using scores of 0 as “no discussion” and 100 as “in-depth discussion.” For the questions about management of posttreatment care, the overall mean score of the groups was 56.26 and that of the younger group was 43.96; the mean score of the older group was 61.96 (P=.02). For the question about the timing of follow-up appointments, the overall mean score was 64.29; the mean score of the younger group was 54.44, and that of the older group was 68.88 (P=.05). All the group scores related to psychosocial and financial support discussions with health care providers were low, with a rollup average of only 30.02 out of 100, suggesting that this is an important area for improving patient-centered communication.

Conclusions

For all patients, transition from treatment to posttreatment requires a greater level of engagement and communication with the health care team. It appears that younger patients aged ≤45 years require more in-depth and personalized messaging to better understand their posttreatment care requirements.
Multimedia Knowledge Translation Tools for Parents About Childhood Heart Failure: Environmental Scan
Authors: Cunningham Chentel , Sung Hyelin , Benoit James , Conway Jennifer , Scott Shannon D
Published: January 2022

Background

Childhood heart failure is a factor in many hospital admissions each year. It can impose a steep learning curve for parents who need to learn the key information to care for their child at home. In this study, we conducted an environmental scan to identify and assess web-based knowledge translation tools about childhood heart failure for parent audiences developed within North America.

Objective

The aim of this study is to inventory tools publicly available to parents about childhood heart failure from popular web-based venues, assess how each tool communicates health information, and explore how they were developed.

Methods

Our search strategy included two commonly used multimedia-based platforms: two app stores (Google Play and Apple App Store) and one search engine (Advanced Google Search). Common search terms were used, and results were uploaded to Microsoft Excel for screening between 2 reviewers. The inclusion criteria for the tools were as follows: content focused on educating parents about their child’s heart failure, developed in the English language, and originating within Canada and the United States. A total of 2 reviewers screened the app store and internet search results for relevant tools. Each tool was assessed using the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM), a validated tool that objectively assesses the suitability of how health information is communicated to a particular audience. Key informants who were involved in tool development were identified and invited for a qualitative interview using a semistructured format to provide data about the development process. Key themes were identified in the semistructured interview process.

Results

Frequencies and SAM percent ratings of eligible tools were reported. No apps exist for parents relating to pediatric heart failure. Overall, 17 relevant internet tools were identified, and their suitability was assessed for the parent audience. Most tools scored well in layout and type, but they scored lower in readability and graphics. Qualitative interviews with key informants revealed three key themes: timely and introductory knowledge, credible and trustworthy knowledge, and challenges and evolution in knowledge.

Conclusions

This is the first environmental scan looking for parent tools relating to childhood heart failure in Canada and the United States. Findings from this study reveal that there are no apps on this topic and there is a small number of tools for parents on the internet (n=17). Using the SAM, no tools scored in the superior range, and further work in knowledge translation strategies needs to be done in this area to improve more effective education to parents and caregivers who have a child with heart failure. These findings will inform the development of a new resource on children’s heart failure that targets parents and caregiver audiences.
Electronic Integrated Disease Early Warning System Surveillance System Evaluation, Sana'a Capital, Yemen, 2021
Authors: Nasher Samar , Alusfi Rima , Taher Rula , Qasira Abdualqawi , Alsameay Abdualwakeel , Ghaleb Yasser
Published: January 2022

Background

The Electronic Integrated Disease Early Warning System (eIDEWS) is an essential system; it contributes to the better prevention and management of epidemics. Through the collection of complete, accurate, and timely data, countries are able to determine the priorities for suitable interventions that save the lives of communities. Regardless of the conflict in Yemen, the system is still functioning and is expanding to be the most effective epidemiological surveillance program.

Objective

We aimed to determine the usefulness of the eIDEWS, assess its performance, and identify the strengths and weaknesses of its implementation.

Methods

The usefulness and performance attributes of the eIDEWS were evaluated using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s updated guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems. The evaluation was carried out in Sana’a capital from January to March 2021 by interviewing 25 stakeholders at 3 levels—the central, governorate, and health district levels—and using a semistructured questionnaire. Attributes of the system were ranked as poor (<60%), average (60% to <80%), good (80% to <90%), and excellent (≥90%) on the basis of indicators to calculate the final scores.

Results

The eIDEWS’ overall usefulness and performance score was 90%—an excellent rank. The mean score of system attributes was 100% for acceptability, completeness, and timeliness. The flexibility was good (83%), since the change in reporting method was applied difficultly. The system depends completely on foreign funds; thus, the system’s stability was average (75%). However, the eIDEWS was expanded recently to add new health facilities; its representativeness was average (76%).

Conclusions

The system is working effectively at evaluated sites. The overall system performance was excellent; however, flexibility and stability were good due to the negative adaptation of the system with regard to the reporting method and the absence of other fund resources. Therefore, evaluating the newly upgraded system, strengthening its stability by finding other supporting resources, and further expanding coverage to include all public and private health care facilities are recommended.
Normalizing Telemonitoring in Nurse-Led Care Models for Complex Chronic Patient Populations: Case Study (Preprint)
Authors: Gordon Kayleigh , Seto Emily , Dainty Katie N , Steele Gray Carolyn , DeLacy Jane
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

The implementation of telemonitoring (TM) has been successful in terms of the overall feasibility and adoption in single disease care models. However, a lack of available research focused on nurse-led implementations of TM that targets patients with multiple and complex chronic conditions (CCC) hinders the scale and spread to these patient populations. In particular, little is known about the clinical perspective on the implementation of TM for patients with CCC in outpatient care.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to better understand the perspective of the clinical team (both frontline clinicians and those in administrative positions) on the implementation and normalization of TM for complex patients in a nurse-led clinic model.

METHODS

A pragmatic, 6-month implementation study was conducted to embed multicondition TM, including heart failure, hypertension, and diabetes, into an integrated nurse-led model of care. Throughout the study, clinical team members were observed, and a chart review was conducted of the care provided during this time. At the end of the study, clinical team members participated in qualitative interviews and completed the adapted Normalization Measure Development questionnaires. The Normalization Process Theory guided the deductive data analysis.

RESULTS

Overall, 9 team members participated in the study as part of a larger feasibility study of the TM program, of which 26 patients were enrolled. Team members had a shared understanding of the purpose and value of TM as an intervention embedded within their practice to meet the diverse needs of their patients with CCC. TM aligned well with existing chronic care practices in several ways, yet it changed the process of care delivery (ie, interactional workability subconstruct). Effective TM normalization in nurse-led care requires rethinking of clinical workflows to incorporate TM, relationship development between the clinicians and their patients, communication with the interdisciplinary team, and frequent clinical care oversight. This was captured well through the subconstructs of skill set workability, relational integration, and contextual integration of the Normalization Process Theory.

CONCLUSIONS

Clinicians successfully adopted TM into their everyday practice such that some providers felt their role would be significantly and negatively affected without TM. This study demonstrated that smartphone-based TM systems complemented the routine and challenging clinical work caring for patients with CCC in an integrated nurse-led care model.
The Immunization Data Quality Assessment, Sana’a Capital, 2021 (Preprint)
Authors: Zeehrah Elham , Al-Serouri Abdulwahed , Al-Habob Ghadah , Al-Sharagi Ahmed
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

The Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) aims to increase immunization coverage. However, this cannot be achieved without an efficient data management system and without ensuring data quality.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to assess the quality of immunization data at Sana’a capital.

METHODS

The World Health Organization data quality self-assessment tools were used. Three random urban districts and the only rural district (Bani-Al Hairth) at Sana’a capital were selected. From each district, one-third of the public health facilities (HFs) that were providing EPI services were randomly selected. Accuracy ratios (ARs), discrepancy levels (DLs), completeness, and timeliness were calculated from tally sheets and reports for Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccines, third doses of pentavalent-3 (Penta-3) vaccines, and first doses of measles and rubella (MR-1) vaccines. The quality index was assessed for the five components (ie, recording and reporting, archiving, demographic information, core output/analysis, and using data for action) through a prestructured questionnaire.

RESULTS

While the overall ARs and DLs for BCG, Penta-3, and MR-1 indicated overreporting at the HF level, there was overreporting for BCG and Penta-3 and underreporting for MR-1 at the district level. With regard to the overall quality index, recording and reporting achieved the highest score (90% and 96%, respectively), while using data for action had the lowest score (61% and 78%, respectively) at the HF and district levels. While completeness and timeliness were scored 100% at all HFs, both were inadequate at the Al-Sabain (93% and 99%, respectively) and Bani-Al Hairth (75% and 83%, respectively) districts.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings showed that the quality of immunization data in Sana’a capital’s HFs and districts was inadequate, with weaknesses in using data for action. Furthermore, completeness and timeliness were found to be unsatisfactory at the rural district and one of the urban districts. Ensuring data quality through strengthening the EPI data management system should be prioritized. Larger-scale and regular assessments of the EPI data management system are recommended.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Transfusion-Transmitted Infections Among Blood Donors at the National Blood Transfusion and Research Center, Sana’a, Yemen, 2017 (Preprint)
Authors: Ghaleb Yasser , Alshahar Aymn , Ali Majdi , Al Amad Mohammed , Al Serouri Abdulwahed
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

 Yemen is facing major challenges in ensuring the safety and availability of blood transfusion to meet the increased demand due to the protracted conflict. However, transfusion-transmissible infectious agents (TTIs) such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, and malaria remain the greatest threats for blood transfusion safety in such fragile, conflict-affected, and vulnerable settings.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of TTIs among blood donors attending the National Blood Transfusion and Research Center (NBTRC) and the associated factors.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 340 blood donors at the NBTRC during November and December 2017. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a predesigned questionnaire that covered sociodemographic characteristics and possible TTI-associated factors. Blood samples were drawn and tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), HCV antibodies, HIV1, and HIV2 using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays, and syphilis and malaria antibodies were screened with rapid immunochromatographic techniques.

RESULTS

The overall prevalence of TTIs was 8.8%, with HBV, HCV, HIV, syphilis, and malaria accounting for 2.5%, 1.2%, 0.3%, 1.2%, and 3.2% of all TTIs, respectively. HBV was significantly associated with a history of jaundice and cupping. Furthermore, urethro-vaginal excretion was significantly associated with syphilis, whereas malaria detection was significantly higher among donors from malaria-endemic areas. Nearly three-quarters of donations were from replacement donors who had a significantly higher TTI prevalence than that of the voluntary donors (10.4% vs 3.3%; odds ratio 3.4, 95% CI 1.1-11.6).

CONCLUSIONS

Although the prevalence of TTIs is low, they still pose a serious risk for blood recipients, especially in fragile, conflict-affected, and vulnerable settings where the needs for blood transfusion are increasing and resources are limited. Therefore, using more sensitive screening methods and establishment of a TTIs surveillance system should be considered. Efforts should be made to improve donor recruitment procedures and increase the proportion of regular and voluntary blood donation.
Watershed Management of Purandar Taluka by Remote Sensing and GIS: A Review
Authors: Suthar Mr. Vikas Pradeep
Published: January 2022

Abstract: Morphometric analysis by using RS and GIS has emerged as an effective technique for the investigation and management of the watershed. Morphometric analysis can solve various hydrological problems like flood, drought, soil erosion. In this analysis, linear, aerial, and relief aspects of the watershed are used. Toposheet of a survey of India (SOI), digital elevation model (DEM), software like ArcGIS, satellite data from IRS 1D LISS- 3 sensor are the key resources for measurement of various morphometric parameters. Keywords: Morphometric Analysis, GIS, Remote Sensing, RS, ArcGIS, Morphometry, Watershed Management, Purandar Taluka.
Prognostic value of serum creatinine in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Ferreira Ana Maria Mendes , Santos Jakeline Silva , Marim Alysson Alves , Rincon Tiago Domingos Teixeira , Gomes Kaio Henrique Viana , Oliveira Guilherme Perez de , Silva Eduardo de Sousa Martins e , Alvarenga Tamires Hortêncio , Prata Gabriella Gomes Lopes , Oliveira Jr. João Pedro de , Sousa Fernando Henrique dos Reis , Paresoto Thiago Silva , Casselli Daniel Del Nero , Pereira Luiz Fernando Alves , Alberto Gustavo Branquinho , Fujita Lívia Grimaldi Abud , Correia Murillo Martins , Dezena Roberto Alexandre
Published: January 2022

Introdution: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex event, plenty of populational and regional peculiarities, with multiple causes and different levels of severity, having a wide range of prognosis. Objectives: To present and identify the prognostic association of serum creatinine dosage at admission of TBI patients in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Brazil. Methods: Quantitative, retrospective and documental study based on the analysis of medical records of TBI patients presented at the Clinics Hospital of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro in the city of Uberaba, Brazil, from January 2007 to December 2017. Results: A total of 794 TBI patients were included. The mean value of serum creatinine was higher in males with severe TBI, altered CT, subdural hematoma, brain swelling, pneumocephalus, and death outcome, and with increasing values the higher the age range. Serum creatinine was also independently associated with the death outcome (after adjustment through multivariate logistic regression) (CR: 1.64; CI: 1.25-2.15). The serum creatinine value of 1.18 mg/dL represented the cutoff point of best specificity (89.12%; CI: 86.4-91.5) and sensitivity (42.13%; CI: 34.8- 49.7). Conclusions: Serum creatinine was independently associated with the death outcome, proving to be a promising laboratory predictor of TBI.
Evaluation of prognostic factors and outcomes following intradural Extramedullary spinal Tumor Resection
Authors: Memória Júnior João Ribeiro , Cysneiros Renata Raizza Monterazzo , Aquino Pedro Lukas do Rêgo , Silva Neto Emídio Dias da , Loureiro Lucas Michael Silva , Bezerra Júnior Deoclides Lima , Carneiro Filho Geraldo de Sá , Chaves Juliano Rodrigues , Gonçalves Fernando Ramos , Azevedo Filho Hildo Rocha Cirne de
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Intradural extramedullary spinal tumors are usually treated with surgical excision in order to achieve functional improvement and quality of life. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify prognostic factors and to evaluate the outcome of surgical treatment. Methods: Data from medical records of 49 patients who underwent surgery for intradural extramedullary spinal tumor in a single institution - Hospital da Restauração - were collected. The outcome of the patients was assessed through the McCormick Scale and EuroQol-5 dimensions (EQ-5D) in the preoperative period and last follow-up. Results: Significant improvement in the functional status after surgical treatment was observed. There was 93.3% of improvement and 6.7% of stability. A worse functional result was related to a longer symptoms duration (p = 0.074). Age, symptoms duration, tumor location, histopathological diagnosis, and McCormick preoperative had no significant association with the McCormick at final follow-up (p>0.05). Conclusion: Surgical treatment significantly improved the quality of life and neurological deficits of the vast majority of patients. Age, symptoms duration, tumor location, histopathological diagnosis and McCormick preoperative grade did not present prognostic correlation in this study.