bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UJI KETAHANAN TIGA VARIETAS PISANG (Musa sp.) TERHADAP ISOLAST BANANA BUNCHY TOP VIRUS (BBTV)
Authors: Wahidah Dilla Nurul , Sutrawati Mimi , Nadrawati Nadrawati
Published: December 2022

Banana is a horticultural crop that has economic value and is widely cultivated in tropical countries. Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV) is the cause of dwarf disease in banana plants (Musa. sp). The vector for the spread of this banana dwarf disease is the banana aphid (Pentalonia nigronervosa). BBTV has been reported in various regions of Indonesia, having been reported in Bengkulu in 2020. However, data on the resistance of BBTV infections in Indonesia are still very limited. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of three types of bananas (Barangan, Kepok, and Ambon Hijau) to BBTV infection. In this study, two treatments were carried out, namely inoculated and without BBTV virus inoculation with three types of bananas. BBTV detection was carried out using the PCR method. BBTV transmission using aphids succeeded in infecting the test plants with a disease incidence of 12.5% ​​to 75.0% at 30 DAI. The most common symptom seen is, slightly yellowed leaf edges. the severity of BBTV on the Barangan banana plant was 20.83%, kepok was 4.17% and Ambon Hijau was 25.00%. Samples on the leaves of the test banana plant that showed symptoms of BBTV were taken for detection using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with a pair of related NSP primers in the BBTV genome with a size of ± 500 bp. The results of the detection of BBTV virus showed that the types of bananas that were resistant to BBTV were Kepok bananas, Barangan bananas and Ambon Hijau types which showed moderate resistance to BBTV
SURVEI SEBARAN DAN TINGKAT SERANGAN PENGGEREK BUAH KAKAO DAN BUSUK BUAH KAKAO DI KABUPATEN JAYAPURA
Authors: Manwan Sri Wahyuni , Lestari Martina Sri , Adnan Adnan , Kasim Arifudin
Published: December 2022

Cocoa is one of the important plantation commodities in supporting the Indonesian economy, but the last few years have shown a decline in production. The cause of the decline in production is the lack of maintenance of cocoa plants which results in many plants being attacked by pests and diseases and has an impact on decreasing the quality and quantity of cocoa. This study aims to determine the distribution and level of attack of the cocoa pod borer and cocoa pod rot in Jayapura District. The research was conducted by direct observation on people's cocoa fields in cocoa planting centers in Jayapura Regency, namely Yapsi District, Nimbokrang District, and Namblong District in September - October 2020. Determination of the sample using purposive sampling method by taking 10% sample plants. Each district selected three farmers as sample farmers in different villages. The results showed that the highest cocoa pod borer attack occurred in Nimbokrang District, Bunyom Village with an attack intensity of 76%, the percentage of damaged beans was 75.72% and yield loss was 7.60%. The lowest incidence of cocoa pod borer attack was found in SP 5, Yapsi District with an attack intensity of 8.89%, damaged beans 14.13% and yield loss 0.87%. The highest borer attack was on cocoa pods located on secondary branches. The highest attack of cocoa pod rot occurred in SP 4, Yapsi District with an attack intensity of 93.33% and the percentage of fruit being attacked by 93.33%. The lowest incidence of pod rot was found in Rephang Muaib, Nimbokrang District, with an intensity of attack of 9,72% and the percentage of fruit being attacked by 12,50%.
Aplikasi Ekstrak Kulit Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera L.) untuk Mengendalikan Cendawan Terbawa Benih Padi
Authors: Waliha Lisma , Pamekas Tunjung , Zahara Nela
Published: December 2022

Rice plant (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most widely grown food crops in Indonesia, but the average productivity of rice in Indonesia is still low. One of the causes of low rice production is the attack by plant pest organisms. There is no research on aloe vera peel extract as an antifungal against fungus growth, so it is necessary to investigate whether aloe vera peel extract is also efficacious as an antifungal against rice seed-borne fungi.This study aims to determine the application of aloe vera peel extract and obtain a good concentration of aloe vera peel extract to control pathogenic fungi carried by rice seeds. Isolation of the fungus carried by rice seeds was carried out by the Blotter test method and the pathogenicity test by the Bioassay method. Then made several extract concentrations, namely 0 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm, 750 ppm and 1000 ppm. The test results showed that aloe vera peel extract was able to suppress the growth of rice seed-borne fungi, but it was phytotoxic and the best concentration to be applied to control rice seed-borne fungi was a concentration of 250 ppm.
Fluktuasi Harga Pangan Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Inflasi Di Kota Padang, Provinsi Sumatera Barat
Authors: Putri Mega Amelia , Afrizal Roni , Arnayulis Arnayulis , Alfikri Alfikri
Published: December 2022

One of the contributors to inflation in Padang City comes from the food and/or food ingredients subgroup. In this subgroup, the variable that dominates the inflation rate is food prices. Unstable inflation conditions will have an impact on the economy of a region. The purpose of the study was to identify the development of food prices in the city of Padang and to analyze the effect of food price fluctuations on inflation in the city of Padang. Data for the period January 2018 to December 2021 are used for descriptive analysis and vector autoregressive modeling (VAR/VECM). The variables used are the prices of rice, red chilies, cooking oil, broiler eggs, broiler meat, and granulated sugar. will be analyzed its effect on inflation in the city of Padang. The condition of food prices shows a fluctuating trend. The analysis results show that in the short term cointegration occurs between variables. In the long term, the prices of rice, red chilies, broiler eggs, and chicken meat have a significant effect on inflation in the city of Padang. The projection results for the next 24 years show that the most significant contribution of variance is dominated by the inflation variable (53.69%). The most significant strategic food commodity in explaining the inflation diversity of Padang City is red chili  (22.99%)  and  rice  (16.76%).  The  rest  (6.56%)  is  explained  by  other  commodities'  price variables. The contribution of food prices identified as having an impact on inflation in the City of Padang should be the focus of attention of the local government in setting trade regulations in the future.
Chemical Constituents of Caesalpinia bonduc
Authors: Thi Huyen Le , Thu Hau Nguyen Thi
Published: December 2022

This phytochemical investigation of Caesalpinia bonduc reported eight known compounds, namely threo-2,3-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methoxy-propanol (1), evofolin-B (2), trans-Linalool-3,6-oxide-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), 1-(2-methylbutyryl)phloroglucinol-glucopyranoside (4), 1-(3 methylbutyryl)phloroglucinol-glucopyranoside (5), (+)-isolariciresinol (6), protocatechuic acid (7), methyl gallate (8). The structures of these compounds were identified by 1D- and 2D- nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) and by comparison with those reported in the literature. Compound 2 exhibited significant cytotoxic effects against the HepG2 cell line with an IC50 value of 48.37±3.18 µM.
Proposed Modeling of Online Exam-Proctoring: The Case of University of Education (VNU-UED)
Authors: Lam Nguyen Tung , Binh Tran Nguyen Thanh , Phuong Nguyen Ngoc Minh
Published: December 2022

Digital transformation in education proposed many changes in term of the formation and paradigm of teaching, assessment and evaluation in all aspects. The ability to integrate online platforms, tools, and technology solutions to increase interactivity and personalization etc. considers new opportunities and challenges for the application of online (remote) assessment and supervision platforms.

As a phenomenon of online learning mode the online proctored examinations (OPE) have been considered one of the foremost online proctoring options that share the features of a real examination (paperless) in higher education institutions (HEIs) with a proctor observing examinations remotely.

In teaching practice today, with online learning tendency the online proctoring (OP) interest rises for some time and accelerated by COVID-19 pandemic. Many of these online learning programs also include online assessment (online exams) that raise some of the issues and challenges associated with plagiarism and academic integrity in general. One of the ways to deal with some of these challenges is the adoption of online proctoring tools for online assessment.
COMPLIANCE TRABALHISTA COMO FERRAMENTA PARA A SEGURANÇA DO TRABALHO
Authors: Moraes Claudinei Celini de , Trindade Eduardo Marques
Published: December 2022

O compliance originalmente visa estar em conformidade com regularidades empresariais anticorrupção, fraudes de balancetes, entre outros aspectos correlacionados; na prática pode-se notar que sua aplicabilidade vai além dessas questões, chegando inclusive nas relações trabalhistas. O compliance trabalhista evita o dumping social, precarização da mão de obra, acidentes de trabalho, além de levar a empresa e seus “stakeholders” a cumprirem a legislação trabalhista e buscarem ferramentas para atuarem “além” das disposições legais. Desta forma, aplicar o compliance trabalhista gera a empresa ou a instituição aderente perenidade, adequação a responsabilidade social, garantia de ética entre tantos outros desdobrares correlatos a esta ferramenta.
PENGARUH FAMILY CONTROL, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, PERTUMBUHAN PERUSAHAAN DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Holly Anthony , Kampo Kunradus , Jao Robert , Jip Theresia Cindy Lauren
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of family control, size, growth and leverage on firm value. The type of research used in this research is explanatory research. The theory used in this research is agency theory and signaling theory. The sample used is all companies in the consumption sector listed on the IDX with the sampling technique, that is purposive sampling. The sampling criteria are as follows 1.) Companies that have complete financial reports for the 2017-2019 period. 2.) Companies that issue financial statements consecutively during the 2017-2019 period. The research method uses regression linear analysis to determine the relationship between the dependent, and independent variable.The results of this study indicate that family control has a negative and significant effect on firm value. Variable size has a positive and significant effect on firm value. Variable growth has a positive and significant effect on firm value, and leverage has a negative and significant effect on firm value
EVALUATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PSAK 24 REVISION 2015 REGARDING EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS ESPECIALLY POSTEMPLOYMENT AT PT BA BANGUNAN
Authors: - Purwatiningsih -
Published: December 2022

Employee benefits are obligations of every company that has a major influence on the company from an external perspective such as stakeholders in this case the company owner or creditors and internal such as workers who will have a direct impact on the company's performance. Due to its great influence on the company, it is deemed necessary for the purpose of this study to properly disclose in accordance with generally accepted financial accounting standards. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method. The results of the research at PT BANGUNAN Pondok Cabe, South Tangerang, it can be concluded that the employee benefits at PT BA BANGUNAN can be categorized into three categories based on PSAK 24, namely short-term employee benefits, post-employment benefits, and severance pay. PSAK 24. Company management should remain consistent in the application of PSAK 24 so that information on employee benefits reporting remains reliable.
FRAUD FINANCIAL STATEMENTS IN PENTAGON'S FRAUD PERSPECTIVE (Study on the Mining Sector Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2016 – 2020 Period)
Authors: Pratiwi Melda Tri , Triyanto Dedik Nur
Published: December 2022

Financial statement fraud is intentional or negligent by the company. Financial statement fraud is one type of fraud that often occurs in Indonesia. The occurrence of financial statement fraud in addition to causing internal conflicts within a company will also harm external parties in decision making. This study aims to detect financial statement fraud using a fraud pentagon analysis with pressure factors proxied by financial stability, external pressure and financial targets, opportunities proxied by ineffective monitoring and the nature of industry, rationalization proxied by auditor replacement, ability proxied by replacement directors, and arrogance proxied by the appearance of the CEO image in mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2020 period. The population in this study is the mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2020 period, which are 36 sample companies. The analytical technique used is logistic regression using SPSS 25 software. The results of this study indicate that simultaneously financial stability, external pressure, financial targets, ineffective monitoring, nature of industry, auditor replacement, replacement of directors, and the appearance of the CEO image have an effect on fraudulent financial reporting in mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2016 -2020. The partial test results show that the financial target and the nature of the industry have a positive effect, external pressure has a negative effect on fraudulent financial reporting. Financial stability, ineffective monitoring, replacement of auditors, replacement of directors, and the appearance of the CEO image have no partial effect on financial statement fraud. Based on the results in this study, the researcher provides theoretical and practical suggestions. Theoretically, researchers provide suggestions to academics and future researchers. Practically providing advice to companies as well as investors.
Buddhism in Aotearoa New Zealand: Multiple Sources and Diverse Forms
Authors: McAra Sally , Mullins Mark R.
Published: December 2022

This article presents a provisional survey of Buddhists and Buddhist organizations in Aotearoa/New Zealand, identifying their key characteristics in terms of national origin, ethnicity, and areas of geographical concentration. We draw on three decades of the New Zealand census (1991-2018) to analyze demographic data about those who identify as Buddhist, and information from the NZ Charities Register to identify general characteristics of the diverse range of Buddhist organizations in the country. Based on this demographic data, we identify three main types of Buddhist institutions: (1) centers/temples serving heritage or “migrant” communities from Asian countries with Buddhist heritage; (2) centers which we refer to as “Pākehā/Multi-ethnic” because they serve newer Buddhists (“converts”) who are primarily but not exclusively Pākehā (NZ European), and (3) “multi-ethnic” organizations that include varying combinations of heritage and non-heritage Buddhists. Within each of the three categories we see diverse organizational forms and streams of distinctive Buddhist traditions, including sectarian, ethnic, and hybrid forms, each of which have contributed to a diverse religious landscape in significant ways. Most Buddhist centers are in urban areas, with 70 percent in or near Auckland, Wellington, and Christchurch. The main Buddhist traditions are almost equally represented across these institutions with 35 percent identified as Mahayana, 32 percent as Theravada, and 35 percent as Vajrayana (and 0.7% as mixed). The number of Buddhists in New Zealand has increased over the past three decades from 12,705 to 52,779, and approximately 80 percent identify with at least one of the Asian ethnic groups. Buddhists constitute only 1.1 percent of the total population, with at least 134 centers of varying sizes across the country. However, Buddhism may be exerting a cultural influence beyond these numbers, as recent research identified Buddhists as the “most trusted” religious group in contemporary New Zealand. In presenting this preliminary survey, we aim to provide a base for more in-depth investigations.
1,3-Difunctionalization of Vinyl Diazo Esters Enabled by a Cobalt Catalyzed C-H Activation/Carbene Migratory Insertion: A One Pot Domino Approach in a Three Component Coupling
Authors: Khot Nandkishor Prakash , Deo Nitish Kumar , Kapur Manmohan
Published: December 2022

We report herein, a modular, regioselective 1,3-oxyarylation of vinyl diazo esters via a Co-catalyzed C-H activation/carbene migratory insertion cascade. The transformation involves the formation of C-C and C-O bonds in a one-pot fashion and displays a broad substrate scope with respect to both, vinyl diazo esters as well as benzamides. The coupled products were subjected to hydrogenation to access elusive allyl alcohol scaffolds. Mechanistic investigations reveal interesting insights on the mode of transformation, involving C-H activation, carbene migratory insertion of the diazo compound followed by a radical addition as the key steps of the transformation.
Paper Powered Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Authors: Mata Calidonio Josselyn , Gomez-Marquez Jose , Hamad-Schifferli Kimberly
Published: December 2022

Programmable multistep syntheses can be useful tools in molecule discovery and process optimization, and have recently been bolstered by advances in computational chemistry and machine learning applications to molecule design. Current approaches rely on advanced liquid handling and reactor design that can reliably create fractions and aliquots of reagents and products. Here we report on the use of non-aqueous synthesis programming of pharmaceutically relevant molecules using reconfigurable paper comprising an Ampli chemical plug and play construction set. Liquid fractions and reactions are replaced with paperfluidic membranes on blocks that can be snapped together and disconnected for real time design of experiments. Reagents are embedded into the paper membranes of each block, and reactions are synthesized by snapping together blocks and allowing solution to run through them in a sequence. We explored the use of Ampli to synthesize two pharmaceutically relevant species, gold nanoparticles and the antibiotic metronidazole. Reaction products were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques (Raman spectroscopy, optical absorption spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering). The resulting products were extracted to form functional nanoparticles used in diagnostic immunoassays, and our paper synthesized metronizadole was functional in an anti-bacterial disk diffusion assay. We investigated how to map off-the-shelf reactions onto individual Ampli blocks and how to successfully generate and extract these products. This paper based pharmaceutical synthesis was faster, significantly more affordable, and lighter than traditional methods with important implications for local and distributed manufacturing.
Boron-Based Chromophores As Effective Moieties In Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Ulukan Pelin , Monari Antonio , Catak Saron
Published: December 2022

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have shown great potential in the design of organic metal-free optoelectronic devices and materials and, therefore, are the subject of intense investigations. This contribution presents the effects of various parameters on the photophysical properties of a series of Boron-based TADF emitters. These include torsion angle, electronic density reorganization, energy gap between the first excited singlet (S1) and the first excited triplet states (T1), oscillator strength (f) and spin – orbit coupling (SOC). Through a comprehensive structural analysis, we firstly show the most favourable arrangement of the ground state of popularly used donor (D) and acceptor (A) moieties in TADF emitters. Further on, the properties of the excited states manifold are obtained with Tamm-Dancoff Approximation (TDA), thus rationalizing their optical and photophysical properties. Globally, our results settle the basis for the rationalization of the effects of different parameters on reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) probabilities, which is the rate-limiting step for TADF, thus favouring the rational design of novel highly efficient TADF materials with strong triplet exciton harvesting.
Degrees of freedom and emergent of force
Authors: Farshad Mohsen
Published: December 2022

Information and force definition has been intertwined with the concept of entropy for many years. The information for displacement of degrees of freedom with Brownian motions at a given temperature in space emerges as an entropic force between species. Here, we use this concept of entropy to understand the underlying physics behind the formation of attractive and repulsive forces by imagining that space is filled with free Brownian degrees of freedom. We incorporate the radius of bodies and the distance between them into the entropic gravity relation systematically. Using this modified gravitational entropic force, we derive the attractive entropic force between bodies without considering their spin. We further hypothesize a possible mechanism for the formation of the repulsive force between two bodies. We visually elaborate that the repulsive entropic force will be manifested through the rotation of degrees of freedom around the spinning particles.
Back Cover
Authors: - Flux
Published: December 2022

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Frontmatter
Authors: - Flux
Published: December 2022

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SLAMF6 compartmentalization enhances T cell functions
Authors: Gartshteyn Yevgeniya , Askanase Anca D , Song Ruijiang , Bukhari Shoiab , Dragovich Matthew , Adam Kieran , Mor Adam
Published: December 2022

Signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family member 6 (SLAMF6) is a T cell co-receptor. Previously, we showed that SLAMF6 clustering was required for T cell activation. To better understand the relationship between SLAMF6 location and function and to evaluate the role of SLAMF6 as a therapeutic target, we investigated how its compartmentalization on the cell surface affects T cell functions. We used biochemical and co-culture assays to show that T cell activity is enhanced when SLAMF6 colocalizes with the CD3 complex. Mechanistically, co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed the SLAMF6-interacting proteins to be those essential for signaling downstream of T cell receptor, suggesting the two receptors share downstream signaling pathways. Bispecific anti-CD3/SLAMF6 antibodies, designed to promote SLAMF6 clustering with CD3, enhanced T cell activation. Meanwhile, anti-CD45/SLAMF6 antibodies inhibited SLAMF6 clustering with T cell receptor, likely because of the steric hindrance, but nevertheless enhanced T cell activation. We conclude that SLAMF6 bispecific antibodies have a role in modulating T cell responses, and future work will evaluate the therapeutic potential in tumor models.
Parenting Patterns in Families Prone to Radicalism: A Case Study of The Ex-Laskar Jihad Salafi Family
Authors: Hanafiah Yusuf
Published: December 2022

Parenting is a fundamental tool for the future development of children. Every parent is expected to be able to apply good parenting to their children. However, in reality, not all parents can carry out good parenting. The topic of study about parenting is still an interesting study to date. In this study, researchers examined parenting styles in families prone to radicalism in case studies of Salafi families who were ex-Laskar Jihad. This article examines parenting styles in these families and the factors that influence them. The method in this research is qualitative with a descriptive-analytic model. The research approach is a case study. The study results show that the parents in the family adopt different parenting styles for each child based on their characteristics. For the first child, parents tend to apply authoritarian parenting. For children second to seventh, parents use a democratic-permissive parenting style. As for the last two children, the parents adopted a permissive-authoritarian parenting style. As for religious indoctrination, parents are very authoritarian. The point is to instill religious understanding following what parents want. This research contributes to the importance of parenting in the family, especially in preventing radicalism through an Islamic education approach.
Cooperative learning in online distance learning: Teacher response
Authors: Ramadhan Syahrul , Atmazaki Atmazaki , Indriyani Vivi , Sukma Elfia
Published: December 2022

It has been almost two years that learning has been carried out online, resulting in students being less social and learning is dominated by individual learning. Therefore, it is necessary to apply group learning to overcome this. However, these lessons cannot be simply applied and need to be analyzed. One of these analyzes is to find out the responses of students and teachers. The purpose of this study was to describe the perceptions of teachers regarding cooperative learning during online distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is a descriptive research using survey method. The research instrument was in the form of a questionnaire filled out by 71 teacher respondents. The results showed that several important aspects of cooperative learning were the number of group members, group determination, the media used, and group assessment.
Development of online media based on the KIL-IRMA learning model on learning to write criticism and essays in the Indonesian language and literature education study program, Jambi University
Authors: Suryani Irma , Rasdawita Rasdawita , Wilyanti Liza Septa , Priyanto Priyanto
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this development research is to develop online media in learning to write criticism and essays in universities. The results of observations on students' ability to write literary criticism are still low. Based on this, it is necessary to develop and design instructional media that complement the course of writing criticism and essays. The research and development that the author will do is using the ADDIE method with the KIK─IRMA model step. The results and conclusions of the study are: 1) based on expert validation, it is concluded that the media writing criticism and essays in terms of material, media and language is very valid, so that the media can be used. 2) based on the student assessment, the developed media is classified as practical, so that the media can be used, 3) After it is declared fit for the trial, the media is then tested using the KIK─IRMA model step on an individual scale and on a field scale. After the individual and field trials were completed, the level of effectiveness and practicality was obtained. Based on the results of the pretest and posttest cognitive, psychomotor, and affective aspects of this learning media are classified as effective and practical to use.
Implementation of the PjBL learning model assisted by the TikTok application in the literary expression course
Authors: Hiasa Fina , Agustina Emi , Tawandorloh Ku-Ares
Published: December 2022

This study aims to improve the learning quality of the Literary Expression course using the TikTok application as a learning medium in the application of the PjBL model to the seventh semester students of the Indonesian Language Education Study Program FKIP Bengkulu University. The assignment of making this TikTok video is an implementation of the PjBL model where students not only perform analysis but also explore, collect information, interpret, and assess. This research was conducted in two cycles. The results of this study indicate that the use of the TikTok application as a learning medium in the application of the PjBL model can improve student learning outcomes. The achievement targets were obtained in cycle II with the following details: 15 students or 42% got category A, 17 students or 47% got category B, 4 students or 11% got category C, and none or 0 students got category D. The results of the response questionnaire showed a final score of 24 .61 or obtained an average of 4.1 which means that the category most chosen by students is agree. These results indicate that the implementation of the project assignment of making short stories expressing videos using the TikTok application is of interest to students. Not only reaching aspects of knowledge implementation but also increasing students' creativity and interest in learning activities.
BK channels in microglia
Authors: Sun Xiaohui
Published: December 2022

Large-conductance calcium- and voltage-dependent potassium (BK) channels are ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells and participate in various physiological and pathological processes such as neurotransmission and cerebral ischemia. BK channels comprise up to four pore-forming α subunits and zero to four accessory subunits. Although microglial BK currents were initially recorded 27 years ago, their roles have long been elusive. Studies have demonstrated that BK channels modulate the activation, phagocytosis, and probably migration of microglia and have associated microglial BK channels with many neurological diseases, including neuropathic pain and stroke. This review summarizes the available information regarding the biophysical, functional, and pathological aspects of microglial BK channels and discusses future directions of research into these channels.
Analysis method of phytosterol constituents from vegetable to facilitate product
development
Authors: Daud M.N.H. , Jabit M.L. , Mokhtar T.N. , Hussin F.
Published: December 2022

In 2003, The United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) has approved food
that contains at least 400 mg plant sterol eaten twice with meals for a daily total intake of
at least 0.8 g, as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol. This recommendation is
part of an effort to reduce the risk of heart disease. In this study, four types of phytosterol
constituents which include stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmastanol have
been used as standard reference since all the secondary metabolite constituents were
reported widely found in vegetables. For analysis purposes, all the constituents were
extracted either using solid-liquid extraction or liquid-liquid extraction. In the case of a
solid sample, solid-liquid extraction with chloroform as a solvent is more suitable, while
for a liquid sample, liquid-liquid extraction is more favourable. The detection of the
phytosterol constituents was conducted via a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer
(GCMS). The developed method will be useful for screening and selection of potential
vegetables with phytosterol for food product development. In addition, the method could
be used for monitoring batch to batch production of products in order to ensure quality.
Cricket as an alternative source of protein in the development of nutritious
baked chips
Authors: Cheng K.M. , Leong K.N. , Chan S.W.
Published: December 2022

The practice of eating insects, also known as entomophagy, is not common in Malaysia.
Nevertheless, insects are pronounced for their high protein content, dietary fibre,
unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and minerals like calcium and iron. Next, snacks,
especially potato chips available in the market are usually nutrient poor. Thus, the present
study aimed to develop baked chips using cricket powder as an alternative source of
protein and other minerals to enhance their nutritional values. Cricket powder was
incorporated into baked chips with different formulations: control (0%), F1 (5%), F2
(10%), F3 (15%), and F4 (20%) to partially replace tapioca starch. Acceptance test using a
9-point hedonic scale was conducted to determine consumers’ acceptability of the
developed baked chips and F2 was reported as the most preferred formulation. There was
no significant difference (p>0.05) between the control and F2 in terms of appearance,
aroma, texture, taste, and overall acceptability. In terms of proximate analysis, protein, fat,
and ash content of F2 cricket powder baked chips were reported as significantly higher
(p<0.05) than control. Besides, F2 cricket powder baked chips can be categorized as high
protein food as they contained 15.04 g of protein in 100 g of the final product. In
conjunction with greater ash content, both calcium and iron content of F2 cricket powder
baked chips were significantly higher (p<0.05) as compared to the control. The calcium
and iron content of F2 cricket powder baked chips were reported as 2.76 mg/100 g and
5.27 mg/100 g, respectively. In conclusion, cricket powder baked chips with acceptable
organoleptic properties and better nutritional profiles were successfully developed.
RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS NO BAIRRO MORRO DA ESPERANÇA EM TERESINA PIAUÍ: UMA ANÁLISE DOS ANOS 2011 E 2021
Authors: Alcântara Jacqueline Ribeiro , Iwata Bruna De Freitas , Baptista Elisabeth Mary De Carvalho
Published: December 2022

Os resíduos são formados nos aglomerados urbanos, surgem após o consumo e são muitas vezes, descartados em lugares inadequados, gerando problemas socioambientais, como: entupimentos de galerias, proliferação de algumas doenças, poluição do solo, ar e das águas (superficial e subterrânea). O bairro Morro da Esperança localiza-se em Teresina, na região sob responsabilidade da Superintendência das Ações Administrativas Descentralizadas (SAAD) Norte, e tem sua história relacionada à disposição inadequada de resíduos sólidos, já que os moradores depositavam seus resíduos domiciliares no interior de alguns terrenos de propriedade do exército, situados no bairro em apreço, quando eles não ainda contavam com muros. Apesar de os terrenos atualmente disporem de muros, ainda se concebe a presença de resíduos nas calçadas, principalmente em um dos terrenos, que fica na Rua Professor Fernando Marques. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o processo de disposição final e a coleta de resíduos sólidos nas calçadas do terreno do exército brasileiro da Rua professor Fernando Marques, no bairro Morro da Esperança, em Teresina Piauí, nos anos de 2011 e 2021. Na metodologia, lançou-se mão de pesquisa bibliográfica, a fim de discutir sobre Geografia, meio ambiente e resíduos sólidos. Ademais, bem como uma pesquisa de campo, por meio de observação e registro fotográfico. Como resultado, observou-se a presença de resíduos sólidos espalhados nas calçadas do terreno em estudo, mas com a presença do poder público tentando minimizar essa problemática. Concluiu-se que a deposição de resíduos sólidos nesses espaços do bairro Morro da Esperança decorre do hábito dos próprios moradores, pois mesmo após dez anos, o local continua a receber resíduos, mas com um diferencial: o controle parcial pela prefeitura, após transformá-lo em um Ponto de Recebimento de Resíduos (PRR) que recolhe, mas não evita totalmente o acúmulo deles nas calçadas.
ANÁLISE DO SISTEMA DE ABASTECIMENTO DE ÁGUA POTÁVEL DO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO FERNANDO: UMA ABORDAGEM QUANTIQUALITATIVA
Authors: Silva Jucielho Pedro da , Diniz Marco Túlio Mendonça , Pereira Vitor Hugo Campelo
Published: December 2022

A deficiência nos serviços de saneamento básico é uma problemática de ordem mundial, causando mortes e doenças, principalmente na vertente do abastecimento de água potável, em que o número de mortes é mais alto. Com isso, há uma preocupação por parte da ONU e seus países membros, em se comprometerem a sanar essa problemática até o ano de 2030, criando assim objetivos e metas. Entretanto, existe outra problemática, que é a falta de dados a respeito das parciais do cumprimento dessas metas, justificando, assim, a necessidade deste trabalho, cujo principal objetivo é levantar um diagnóstico de como se encontram o sistema de abastecimento de água potável em 2019 e, por meio de um SIG, espacializar as informações obtidas e subsidiar o ordenamento territorial do município de São Fernando no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Com isso, foi feito um diagnóstico quantitativo e qualitativo, onde foi possível observar que, de forma quantitativa, o município apresenta 100% de acessibilidade da água para a população urbana e 98,29% para todo o município; entretanto se tratando da avaliação qualitativa, em que se considera a qualidade dos serviços de abastecimento, o qual tem ligação com fatores climáticos/hidrológicos, essa realidade muda em cada setor censitário, onde os setores da zona urbana são mais adequados e os da zona rural variam de 1% a 97% de adequabilidade. Nesse sentido, justifica-se a necessidade de a avaliação ser quantitativa e qualitativa e de ter uma periodicidade anual para que desta forma se tenha uma maior acurácia da realidade por parte do poder público.
Effects of Energy Efficiency Index on Economic Activity: The Case of G7 Countries
Authors: GÖRÜŞ Muhammed Şehid , ÖZGÜR Önder
Published: December 2022

This investigation aims to examine the effects of energy efficiency improvements on economic growth for G7 countries during 1971-2018. To measure energy efficiency, we calculate the energy efficiency index (EEI) using the Fisher Ideal index decomposition method. This study utilizes capital and labor as control variables, in addition to the EEI variable, as determinants of economic growth. Methodologically, this paper conducts the LM (Lagrange Multiplier) bootstrap panel cointegration test which is developed by Westerlund ve Edgerton (2007), and the AMG (Augmented Mean Group) estimator of Eberhardt ve Teal (2010). Both methodologies take into consideration of cross-sectional dependency (CD) issue in the panel setting. The empirical results of this paper indicate that there is a cointegration relationship between the aforementioned variables. In detail, the impact of capital formation on economic growth is positive for all countries, while the effect of labor varies across countries. Besides, it is found that an improvement in energy efficiency leads to an advancement in economic growth for five out of seven G7 countries. The empirical findings of this paper provide some implications for policymakers.
Dijitalleşen Dünyada Değişen İstihdam Modelleri: Dijital Emek Platformlarında Çalışanlar Açısından Tehditler ve Fırsatlar
Authors: METİN Banu
Published: December 2022

Öz

Ekonomik ve toplumsal yapıyı derinden etkileyen teknolojik gelişmeler ve yenilikler günümüzde daha önce benzeri görülmemiş bir hızda yaşanmaktadır. 1990’ların başında, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojisindeki ilerleme internetin hızla yayılmasına yol açarak ekonomideki birçok sektörü dönüştürmüş; bölgesel, ulusal ve uluslararası piyasaları yeniden şekillendirmiştir. 2000’li yılların başından itibaren geniş bant bağlantısının yayılması ve yüksek hızlı internetin kullanımı dijital alt yapının hızlı bir biçimde gelişmesini sağlayarak, web tabanlı ekonomik işlemlerin önünü açmış ve dijital ekonominin temelini atmıştır. Dijital teknolojileri, altyapıyı, hizmetleri ve verileri içeren dijital girdilerin kullanımına dayalı bütün ekonomik faaliyetleri kapsayan dijital ekonomide, dijital hizmet ve ürünler dijital platformlar aracılığıyla sağlanmaktadır. Dijital platformlar arasında yer alan dijital emek platformları ise çevrimiçi web tabanlı ve konum tabanlı olmak üzere temelde iki türde faaliyet göstermektedir. İnsan kaynakları uygulamalarını ve iş ilişkilerini dönüştürerek günümüz çalışma dünyasını şekillendiren dijital emek platformları çalışanlar açısından bir takım fırsatlar sunmakla birlikte, önemli tehditleri de beraberinde getirmektedir. Söz konusu tehditler büyük ölçüde dijital platform çalışanlarının bağımsız çalışma statüsünden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bağımsız çalışma statüsü, platform çalışanlarını bireysel ve toplu iş hukuku kapsamındaki düzenleme ve korumaların dışında bıraktığı gibi sosyal güvenlik hakları bakımından da önemli zafiyetleri beraberinde getirmektedir. Literatür taramasına dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada, giderek yaygınlaşan dijital emek platformları bağlamında platform çalışanlarının karşı karşıya kaldıkları tehditler ve fırsatların belirlenmesi ve söz konusu tehditlerin giderilmesine yönelik düzenlemeler ve politika önerilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma neticesinde, çalışanların korunmasını amaçlayan temel hak ve özgürlüklerin sözleşme statüsünden bağımsız olarak düzenlenmesinin çalışan ve bir bütün olarak toplum refahına hizmet etmesinin yanında, ekonominin sürdürülebilirliği açısından da gerekli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Kamu Politikaları Yapımında Çoklu Akımlar Çerçevesi
Authors: ÇELİK Fatih
Published: December 2022

Devletin yaptığı ve yapmadığı şey olarak tanımlanan kamu politikaları tarihten günümüze kamu politikaları belgeleri ismiyle başlayıp, ikinci dünya savaşı sürecinde yöneylem araştırmaları kullanımının yaygınlaşması, istatistik ve matematiğin de politika yapımı süreçlerine dahil edilmesiyle beraber klasik politika belgelerinden bir adım öteye geçmiş ve kamu politikası analizi ortaya çıkmıştır. Akabinde de kamu politikaları yapımı, uygulaması ve analizine ilişkin çalışmalar ortaya çıkarmıştır. Günümüzde kamu politikaları üretimi, uygulaması ve değerlendirilmesi ayrı bir analiz süreci olarak incelenmektedir. Geleneksel olarak kamu politikalarının yapımında rasyonel yaklaşım (en faydalı olanı seçme), artırımcılık yaklaşımı (eskinin üzerine bina etme), kurumsal yaklaşım (kurumsal gündeme dayalı politika), elit teorisi (güçlülerin politika üretmesi), kamu tercihi teorisi (kişisel faydanın ön plana çıkması) ve çöp kutusu modelleri (örgütsel anarşi içerisindeki belirsizlikler) gibi modeller varken Kingdon, çöp kutusu karar verme modelini geliştirmiş, yaptığı saha çalışmalarının neticesinde çoklu akımlar çerçevesini ortaya atmıştır. Çoklu akımlar çerçevesine göre ortaya çıkan soruna ilişkin ilk ilkel siyasa topluluğundan müteşekkil politika akımı ortaya çıkar, soruna ilişkin neler yapılabileceğini de içerisinde barındıran siyaset akımıyla beraber siyasa girişimcisinin de sürece dahil olmasıyla politika penceresi açılır. Kingdon bu süreçleri birbirinden bağımsız olarak ele alır aynı zamanda politika girişimcisi bu akımları bir araya getirip politika penceresini de açan kişidir. İdeal durumda bu akımların hepsinin bir arada olması beklenirken amprik çalışmalar her zaman her akımın açılmadığını da göstermektedir.
Risk İştahının Pay Piyasa Getirisi ve Volatilitesine Etkisi: FIEGARCH, NARDL ve Hatemi-J Modelleri ile Borsa İstanbul Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: TOPALOĞLU Emre Esat , KURT CİHANGİR Çiğdem
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmada, yatırımcıların risk iştahı göstergesi olan Risk İştahı Endeksinin (RİSE) Borsa endeksi getirisi ve volatilitesi üzerindeki etkisi 06.01.2017 – 04.03.2022 dönemi için araştırılmıştır. Risk iştahı endeksi ile borsa endeksi arasındaki simetrik ve asimetrik ilişki FIEGARCH ve NARDL yöntemleri ile, nedensellik ilişkisi ise Hatemi-J yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın temel katkısı, risk iştahı endeksinin, hem değişim ve seviye hesaplama yöntemlerine göre, hem de yerli, yabancı ve tüm yatırımcı grupları için ayrı ayrı analiz edilmesidir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, yerli ve tüm yatırımcıların risk iştahı endeksleri ile borsa endeks getirisi arasında simetrik pozitif ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Yerli, yabancı ve tüm yatırımcılar risk iştahı endeksleri ile borsa endeks volatilitesi arasında da pozitif simetrik ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi açısından ise yerli, yabancı ve tüm yatırımcılar risk iştahı endekslerindeki pozitif şoklardan borsa endeksi getirisindeki negatif şoklara doğru nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre, yatırımcı risk iştahının gelecekteki getirileri ve volatiliteyi etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Dolayısıyla bulguların hem teorik olarak hem de uygulamada değerlendirilmesinin katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Makine Öğrenmesi ile Finansal Zaman Serisi Tahminleme
Authors: DOĞAN Seyyide , BÜYÜKKÖR Yasin
Published: December 2022

Finans uygulamalarının önemli bir çalışma alanını oluşturan finansal zaman serisi tahminlemesi son yıllarda makine öğrenmesi (Machine Learning, ML) yöntemlerinin gelişimi ile finans ve akademi çevrelerinin daha fazla önem atfettiği bir konu olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, finansal zaman serisi gelecek değerinin tahmininde ML yöntemlerinin karşılaştırmalı olarak bir incelemesini sunmaktır. Çalışmada gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan iki borsa endeksi ve İstanbul borsasının yüksek hacimli iki hisse senedinin son 5 yıllık kapanış verileri kullanılmıştır. Endeks tahmininde sıklıkla kullanılmış ve başarılı bulunan Destek Vektör Regresyonu (Suport Vector Regression, SVR) ve literatürde zaman serisi tahmininde izine az rastladığımız topluluk (ensemble) makine öğrenmesi yöntemleri olan Rassal Orman (Random Forest, RF) ve Extrem Gradyan Arttırma (eXtreme Gradient Boosting, XGB) yöntemleri tercih edilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre, MAE, MAPE ve RMSE kriterleri göz önünde bulundurulduğunda en iyi tahmin yöntemi SVR olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Türk Dil Coğrafyasında “Kültürlerarası Etkileşim ve İletişim” Olgusu
Authors: KASIMOĞLU Alper , TAŞDAN Murat
Published: December 2022

İnsan ve onun bileşkesi olarak nitelenen topluluk veya toplumların yapısal ilişkiler içinde kültür yaratımları sosyolojik bir vakadır. İnşa edilen kültürler, tarihi süreci beraberinde taşıyarak değer yargılarını ve davranış biçimlerini oluştururlar. Bu süreçte iletişim kavramı karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Yapısal taşıyıcı özelliği ile “dil” iletişimin asal öğesidir. Dilin kültür ve iletişim kavramları içinde nasıl bir tanıma gereksinim duyduğu ve işlevi tartışıla gelen başlıca konular arasındadır. Kültürlerarası iletişimde yapısal misyon yüklenen dil kavramının ussal ve faal etken olduğu kabul edilebilirdir. Düşünce, kavram ve anlamlandırma, davranış ile kültürel iletişim olgusu olmaksızın değerler alanında yetkin bir paradigma tanımının zayıf kalacağı da ifade edilebilir saptamadır.

İş bu çalışmada konu, kavramsal bir çerçevede ele alınmış ve materyal olarak kavramlarla ilgili birincil çalışmalar ile ikincil aktarımlar taranarak, özet aktarımlar derlenmiştir. Disiplinlerarası kavramlar (kültür, dil, coğrafya, iletişim) bahsinde kültürlerarası etkileşim ve iletişimin Türk kültür coğrafyasında işlevliği araştırılmış ve yordanan çıkarımlar nitel ölçekli içerik analizi ile çalışmaya aksettirilmiştir.

Türk kültür dairesi içinde dil, kültür, coğrafya ve iletişim bağlamlı kavramların izahları önem atfedilmektedir. Sözü edilen kavramlar arası ilişkiye dair aktarım ve yerel olgular ile birlikte, kültür aksiyomunun bütünleyicisi “dil”in kültürlerarası etkileşim ve iletişim sürecinde etkinliği, nitel yönleri ile bu çalışmada özetlenir. İrdelemeler ile ulusal eksende kültürlerarası etkileşim, iletişim ve dil örnekli bulgular temel çıkarsamalardır.