bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ СТУДЕНТОВ ФГБОУ ВО «ХГУЭП» К ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ВНЕУЧЕБНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В ВУЗЕ
Authors: Белорусцева Т. Ю. , Пиханова С. А.
Published: August 2021

Cтатья посвящена исследованию важности и необходимости организации внеучебной деятельности для студентов ФГБОУ ВО «ХГУЭП», а также измерению отношения студентов к ее организации в вузе. В результате проведенного исследования оценена степень важности внеучебной деятельности вуза для студентов, определены основные мотивы, побуждающие к участию во внеучебной деятельности студентов вуза, выявлены источники информирования об организации вузовских мероприятий, выделены самые популярные и востребованные направления внеучебной деятельности вуза среди студентов, определены ключевые критерии выбора того или иного направления внеучебной деятельности в вузе, а также оценена степень удовлетворенности предоставляемых услуг на базе вуза. Обоснованы рекомендации по улучшению организации внеучебной деятельности для студентов вуза.
СТРАТЕГИЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ СУБЪЕКТОВ МАЛОГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ ЭКОНОМИКИ
Authors: Ван Цзин , Гасанов Э. А.
Published: August 2021

В данной статье рассмотрена возможность осуществления стратегии развития и повышения конкурентоспособности субъектов малого предпринимательства в условиях цифровизации экономики. Влияние цифровых технологий на повышение конкурентоспособности субъектов малого предпринимательства становится доминирующим.
Long-period Jovian Tilts the Orbits of Two sub-Neptunes Relative to Stellar Spin Axis in Kepler-129
Authors: Zhang 张 Jingwen 婧雯 , Weiss Lauren M. , Huber Daniel , Blunt Sarah , Chontos Ashley , Fulton Benjamin J. , Grunblatt Samuel , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard , Kosiarek Molly R. , Petigura Erik A. , Rosenthal Lee J. , Rubenzahl Ryan A.
Published: August 2021

We present the discovery of Kepler-129 d (

P

d

=

7.2

−
0.3

+
0.4

yr,

m
sin

i

d

=

8.3

−
0.7

+
1.1

M

Jup

,

e

d

=

0.15

−
0.05

+
0.07

) based on six years of radial-velocity observations from Keck/HIRES. Kepler-129 also hosts two transiting sub-Neptunes: Kepler-129 b (P

b
= 15.79 days, r

b
= 2.40 ± 0.04 R
⊕) and Kepler-129 c (P

c
= 82.20 days, r

c
= 2.52 ± 0.07 R
⊕) for which we measure masses of m

b
< 20 M
⊕ and

m

c

=

43

−
12

+
13

M

⊕

. Kepler-129 is a hierarchical system consisting of two tightly packed inner planets and a massive external companion. In such a system, two inner planets precess around the orbital normal of the outer companion, causing their inclinations to oscillate with time. Based on an asteroseismic analysis of Kepler data, we find tentative evidence that Kepler-129 b and c are misaligned with stellar spin axis by ≳38°, which could be torqued by Kepler-129 d if it is inclined by ≳19° relative to inner planets. Using N-body simulations, we provide additional constraints on the mutual inclination between Kepler-129 d and inner planets by estimating the fraction of time during which two inner planets both transit. The probability that two planets both transit decreases as their misalignment with Kepler-129 d increases. We also find a more massive Kepler-129 c enables the two inner planets to become strongly coupled and more resistant to perturbations from Kepler-129 d. The unusually high mass of Kepler-129 c provides a valuable benchmark for both planetary dynamics and interior structure, since the best-fit mass is consistent with this 2.5 R
⊕ planet having a rocky surface.
Cooling Models for the Most Massive White Dwarfs
Authors: Schwab Josiah
Published: August 2021

We present a set of ultramassive white dwarf models, focused on masses above 1.3 M
⊙. Given the uncertainties about the formation and compositions of such objects, we construct parameterized model sequences, guided by evolutionary calculations including both single star and double white dwarf merger formation channels. We demonstrate that the cooling of objects with central densities in excess of 109 g cm−3 is dominated by neutrino cooling via the Urca process in the first ≈100 Myr after formation. Our models indicate that the recently discovered ultramassive white dwarf ZTF J190132.9+145808.7 is likely to have experienced this Urca-dominated cooling regime. We also show that the high densities imply that diffusion is unlikely to significantly alter the core compositions of these objects before they crystallize.
Recovering Density Fields inside Quasar Proximity Zones at z ∼ 6
Authors: Chen Huanqing , Gnedin Nickolay Y.
Published: August 2021

The matter density field at z ∼ 6 is very challenging to probe. One of the traditional probes of the low density intergalactic medium that works successfully at lower redshifts is the Lyα forest in quasar spectra. However, at the end of reionization, the residual neutral hydrogen usually creates saturated absorption, thus much of the information about the gas density is lost. Luckily, in a quasar proximity zone, the ionizing radiation is exceptionally intense, thus creating a large region with nonzero transmitted flux. In this study we use the synthetic spectra from simulations to investigate how to recover the density fluctuations inside the quasar proximity zones. We show that, under ideal conditions, the density can be recovered accurately with a small scatter. We also discuss how systematics such as the quasar continuum fitting and reionization models affect the results. This study shows that by analyzing the absorption features inside quasar proximity zones we can potentially constrain quasar properties and the environments they reside in.
Modeling the Sgr A* Black Hole Immersed in a Dark Matter Spike
Authors: Nampalliwar Sourabh , Kumar Saurabh , Jusufi Kimet , Wu Qiang , Jamil Mubasher , Salucci Paolo
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we investigate the effects of a dark matter (DM) spike on the neighborhood of Sgr A*, the black hole (BH) in the center of the Milky Way. Our main goal is to investigate whether current and future astronomical observations of Sgr A* could detect the presence of such a DM spike. At first, we construct the spacetime metric around a static and spherically symmetric BH with a DM spike, and later, this solution is generalized for a rotating BH using the Newman–Janis–Azreg-Aïnou algorithm. For the static BH metric, we use the data of the S2 star orbiting Sgr A* to determine and analyze the constraints on the two free parameters characterizing the density and innermost boundary of the DM halo surrounding the BH. Furthermore, by making use of the available observational data for the DM spike density ρ
sp and the DM spike radius R
sp in the Milky Way, we consider a geometrically thick accretion disk model around the Sgr A* BH and demonstrate that the effect of DM distribution on the shadow radius and the image of the BH is considerably weak for realistic DM densities, becoming significant only when the DM density is of the order ρ
sp ∼ (10−19–10−20) g cm−3 near the BH. We further analyze the possibility of observing this effect with radio interferometry, simulating observations with an EHT-like array, and find that it is unlikely to be detectable in the near future.
The Growth of Protoplanets via the Accretion of Small Bodies in Disks Perturbed by the Planetary Gravity
Authors: Okamura Tatsuya , Kobayashi Hiroshi
Published: August 2021

Planets grow via the collisional accretion of small bodies in a protoplanetary disk. Such small bodies feel strong gas drag, and their orbits are significantly affected by the gas flow and atmospheric structure around the planet. We investigate the gas flow in the protoplanetary disk perturbed by the gravity of the planet by 3D hydrodynamical simulation. We then calculate the orbital evolutions of particles in the gas structure obtained from the hydrodynamical simulation. Based on the orbital calculations, we obtain the collision rate between the planet and centimeter-to-kilometer-sized particles. Our results show that meter-sized or larger particles effectively collide with the planet owing to the atmospheric gas drag, which significantly enhances the collision rate. On the other hand, the gas flow plays an important role for smaller particles. Finally, considering the effects of the atmosphere and gas flow, we derive the new analytic formula for the collision rate, which is in good agreement with our simulations. We estimate the growth timescale and accretion efficiency of drifting bodies for the formation of a gas giant solid core using the formula. We find that the accretion of sub-kilometer-sized bodies achieves a short growth timescale (∼0.05 Myr) and a high accretion efficiency (∼1) for the core formation at 5 au in the minimum-mass solar nebula model.
Origins of the Long-term Variability of the Near-infrared Emission of the Black Hole X-Ray Binary GRS 1915+105 in the X-Ray Low Luminous State
Authors: Imazato Fumiya , Sasada Mahito , Uemura Makoto , Fukazawa Yasushi , Takahashi Hiromitsu , Nakaoka Tatsuya , Akitaya Hiroshi , Kawabata Koji S. , Akimoto Masanori , Fujisawa Kenta
Published: August 2021

Since 2018 July, the black hole X-ray binary GRS 1915+105 has been in an X-ray low luminous state (XLLS), which is the faintest period ever observed in a soft X-ray band. We present here the results of near-infrared (NIR) observations from 2019 April–December in the XLLS using HONIR attached to the Kanata telescope, together with radio data obtained by the Yamaguchi Interferometer and archival X-ray data. We found the historical NIR brightening in the XLLS. For several tens of days in the XLLS, NIR flux showed a positive correlation with radio flux and negative correlation with X-ray flux. This result suggests that at least a jet contributes to the NIR bands in the NIR-bright XLLS period. An accretion disk is not likely a candidate for the NIR emission because of the decrease of X-ray flux. In contrast to the NIR band, there was no historical radio brightening in the XLLS. This implies that the NIR emission in the NIR-bright period cannot be explained by the jet alone. The X-ray obscuration suggested by X-ray data is another possible candidate for the nonjet emission component in the NIR band.
Nomenclatural revision of Delphinium subg. Consolida (DC.) Huth (Ranunculaceae)
Authors: DuPasquier Pierre-Emmanuel , Andro-Durand Véronique , Batory Lucas , Wang Wei , Jabbour Florian
Published: August 2021

Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have indicated thatAconitellais embedded inConsolida, which in turn is embedded inDelphinium. We choose not to split the genusDelphinium(c. 300 species), as it is horticulturally and pharmaceutically important, by conserving a broadDelphiniumby transferring the names fromConsolidaandAconitellatoDelphiniums.lat., and more precisely in the resurrected D. subg. Consolida. Including 58 species ofAconitellaandConsolidawithinDelphiniumcauses fewer nomenclatural overall changes than do alternative schemes because most of the species ofAconitellaandConsolidawere once named under the nameDelphinium. We present here the list of synonyms for the species once named underConsolidaorAconitellaand gather the information relative to the types of these names. Two new combinations are provided, and 21 lectotypes are designated here.
The only species of Mohnia Friele, 1879 (Caenogastropoda, Buccinoidea, Buccinidae) in the North Pacific represents an unrecognized new genus of Newtoniellidae (Triphoroidea)
Authors: Strong Ellen E. , Sirenko Boris I. , McLean James H.
Published: August 2021

Mohnia kurilana Dall, 1913 was described more than 100 years ago from deep waters off the Kuril Islands and remains exceedingly rare in museum collections. Originally placed in the carnivorous neogastropod family Buccinidae, fragmentary soft parts from the type lot and from several specimens belonging to allied species collected in the Aleutian Islands in the 1990s have allowed anatomical investigations for the first time. These have revealed the presence of a paucispiral operculum with an eccentric nucleus, foot with a deep propodial pedal gland and metapodial pedal gland, taenioglossate radula, short acrembolic proboscis, well-developed mid-esophageal gland, glandular prostate, and the absence of a penis; the nervous system is epiathroid with a long supra-esophageal connective and numerous statoconia in the statocysts. Analysis of the gut contents revealed abundant halichondriid sponge spicules. This evidence indicates a placement in the Triphoroidea, a diverse superfamily of specialized spongivores. Mohnia kurilana is transferred to the Newtoniellidae and placed in the new genus Pseudomohniagen. nov.Pseudomohnia rogerclarkisp. nov. is established for a new species from the Aleutian Islands characterized by its narrowly turreted shell and distinctive multicuspid rachidian. A lectotype is designated for Mohnia kurilana.
Development of a Novel Behavioral Intervention for Opioid Use Disorders
Authors: Mumba Mercy , Mugoya George , Smith Natalia , Glenn Andrea , Potts Courtney , Campbell Madelyn , Kirwan Carolina , Butler Austin , Davis Lori
Published: August 2021

The opioid crisis is a serious public health concern and finding appropriate treatment modalities for opioid use disorder (OUD) has become a national priority. Evidence-based treatment recommendations from national organizations have indicated mixed results. In this article, we discuss the background knowledge and significance of the problem, and selected theoretical frameworks and review of the literature about several effective interventions, such as mindfulness, motivational interviewing, and cognitive behavioral therapy. However, there is a lack of a standardized behavioral intervention for OUD. In response to this gap, our team developed a manual-based treatment protocol for use in group settings of individuals with OUD who are also on medications. We describe the methods used to develop the manual, including detailed information about the 12 intervention sessions. The article concludes with discussion about implications and future directions for use of the manual.
Screening, Intervention, and Referral in the Clinical Setting
Authors: Beynor Jacklyn , Stanfield Waverley , Zucker Donna
Published: August 2021

The prevalence of substance use disorder in the United States is rapidly growing, particularly in adolescents. Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) has been used in clinical care for over 40 years, yet providers still do not incorporate this into daily practice. This article offers background information and describes a project that considered SBIRT in the clinical setting using two student-led focus groups to discuss a gap between education and practice noted by nursing students trained in this technique. We present findings for each group and a discussion that synthesizes the results and includes implications for education and practice. Data were analyzed using the scissor and sort method, with themes emerging about SBIRT benefits, barriers, training, and individual and system level factors. Study recommendations included incorporating SBIRT content across the nursing curriculum with repeated smaller training and practice sessions. Also noted is the need for ongoing SBIRT education for practicing nurses.
Lessons Learned and Insights Gained: A Regulatory Analysis of the Impacts, Challenges, and Responses to COVID-19
Authors: Benton David , Alexander Maryann , Fotsch Rebecca , Livanos Nicole
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a wake-up call for many aspects of our daily lives. Nurse regulators have had to respond quickly to many of the challenges that the profession has faced. Some solutions have been formulated on sound evidence and represent an appropriate and rational response to what could be described as long-overdue change. Other solutions have been less than ideal and have functioned as a stopgap or trade-off between two or more less than ideal scenarios. In this article we begin with a brief synopsis of pandemics. We then describe the method, results and discussion, and limitations of our analysis of legislative changes pertinent to professional regulation. Our analysis and conclusions reflect on lessons learned, identify opportunities that should be consolidated into permanent change, and discuss issues that need to be addressed if we are to be better prepared for the next pandemic.
Developing a Course to Promote Self-Care for Nurses to Address Burnout
Authors: Couser Greg , Chesak Sherry , Cutshall Susanne
Published: August 2021

Nursing burnout is a common and costly organizational problem that affects both nurses and patient care. Health behaviors, such as healthy nutrition, and adequate sleep and exercise, have been cited as burnout reduction strategies. At Mayo Clinic, the authors developed an educational program for nurses and other healthcare team members to address burnout and consider strategies to navigate work and life stressors. Audience participation software measured the percentage of audience members meeting criteria for burnout, as well as confidence in their ability to manage three basic health-influencing behaviors that included eating, sleeping, and moving well. Findings revealed a high prevalence of nursing burnout and low confidence in achieving healthy nutrition, sleep, and exercise. In this article the authors review selected background information about self–care, describe the course design and implementation of an educational program, and discuss findings from a brief survey included in the program. Their discussion considers their findings in relation to select literature and identifies needs for further inquiry and project limitations. They conclude by encouraging the profession of nursing and nurses to continue efforts to support self-care through healthy behaviors throughout their careers.
Woe is Me, I am Undone: Lament in a Time of Suffering and Distress
Authors: Fowler Marsha
Published: August 2021

The demands of nursing care in a pandemic are both extraordinary and hazardous. Beyond exhaustion, those demands can be the cause of profound suffering and distress while the nurse must, even so, persevere. The act of composing a lament offers nurses and other healthcare providers a means to express personal grief and suffering as they go about caring for those stricken with COVID-19; as they become an intermediary for families who cannot be with loved ones in their dying moments; as they worry about triage and clinical decisions that must be made; as they fear the very act of nursing itself with inadequate protective gear; or as they worry about carrying a virus to their own loved ones. The ancient, structured, literary form of a personal lament has conceptual footing in the humanities, offering a means of examining and expressing one’s suffering, grief, and distress. This article considers why to lament, and introduces to readers an individual lament and its structured template of seven elements that guides one into their suffering – and then out again. A lament can be formulated orally or in writing, and can be an exercise that is strengthening, healing, and clarifying, in the midst of the nursing demands of this pandemic, and those that may yet emerge.
Être assistante sociale, est-ce une vocation ?
Authors: Hoeth Marie-Hélène
Published: August 2021

Le travail et la fonction de l’assistant(e) social(e) ont plusieurs facettes. La profession est sous-tendue par un axe fondamental, primordial et incontournable, le secret professionnel. Les principales missions sont : l’accompagnement social, la protection de l’enfance et le travail de réseau. Mais la qualité nécessaire à l’exercice de ces missions est, avant tout, la capacité d’écoute de l’autre, sans jugement et avec empathie.
Le mariage arrangé dans la communauté sunnite de Beyrouth
Authors: Hariri Nizar , Tannir Dima
Published: August 2021

L’arrangement du mariage dans la communauté sunnite de Beyrouth signifie que les époux sont l’objet de négociations entre deux familles qui s’accordent sur les termes d’un échange. Partant des aspects spectaculaires de la cérémonie de mariage, nous nous intéressons dans cet article à deux dimensions de l’arrangement : les objets qui y circulent, et la place des époux dans le dispositif et dans la transaction. Le cadrage et la mise en scène renvoient en fin de compte à la communauté d’appartenance, quand les objets et les personnes qui se donnent à voir s’inscrivent dans une généalogie qui en fait les porteurs ou les représentants d’un patrimoine commun.
Scènes de Beyrouth : une écriture de combat
Authors: Mermier Franck
Published: August 2021

Cet article traite des représentations de Beyrouth à travers les écrits d’intellectuels, d’écrivains et de journalistes libanais qui, dans les années 2000, ont été les protagonistes d’une sphère publique structurée par la presse et l’édition. Leur production discursive, qui a porté sur l’identité de la ville, son rôle culturel, sa division en territoires politico-communautaires, est directement reliée au contexte politique et aux épisodes de violence qu’a connus Beyrouth après l’assassinat de Rafic Hariri en février 2005.
Dans le « cocktail » de Chatila : discours et récits autour d’une perte passée, présente et future
Authors: Abou Zaki Hala Caroline
Published: August 2021

Cet article s’intéresse à la manière dont les Palestiniens qui vivent dans le camp de Chatila décrivent et perçoivent ce lieu, et plus particulièrement sa population actuelle qui est de plus en plus diversifiée. Il interroge les représentations sociales, politiques et symboliques ainsi que la production de discours qui existent autour de cet espace. Le camp actuel, ou plus généralement celui qui renaît à la fin de la Guerre du Liban (1975-1990), est présenté en opposition radicale à un camp passé, mythifié, qui aurait disparu, tant sur le plan matériel, social que symbolique. De ces récits et discours sur le camp passé et présent se dessine une narration de la perte.
Concierges syriens à Beyrouth, aux premières loges du refuge urbain
Authors: Drif Leila
Published: August 2021

Les concierges (nawāṭīr) syriens sont au cœur de l’urbanité beyrouthine : pourvoyeurs de services de proximité pour les habitants des immeubles résidentiels, ils font office, depuis 2011, de « portes d’entrée sur la cité » pour les populations réfugiées de la guerre en Syrie. Cet article explore la dimension résidentielle du refuge syrien à Beyrouth à partir du rôle d’interface des concierges. Dans un premier temps, je reviens sur l’évolution du métier dans les stratégies migratoires des exilés syriens, avant d’examiner en second lieu, la position urbaine charnière qu’ils occupent aujourd’hui dans l’accès à la ville des réfugiés qui y résident.
The Impact of Donald Trump’s Presidency on Sino-European Relations
Authors: Menegazzi Silvia
Published: August 2021

Cet article analyse l’impact de la présidence de Donald Trump sur les relations sino-européennes, en se concentrant sur les politiques de sécurité, de commerce et de droits de l’homme. Les développements politiques aux États-Unis au cours des deux premières années de la présidence de Trump (2016-2018) ont représenté une opportunité pour la Chine et l’Union européenne de renforcer leur coopération dans différents domaines. Néanmoins, à partir de 2018, la politique américaine à l’égard de la Chine a radicalement changé, ayant des répercussions importantes sur les relations sino-européennes. À ce titre, les perceptions négatives de l’UE à l’égard de la Chine sont devenues la norme, entraînant des effets politiques et économiques majeurs.
La crise de la Covid-19 et le repositionnement international de la Chine
Authors: Kernen Antoine , Mathys Alexandre
Published: August 2021

En nous appuyant sur la presse internationale, nous mettons en évidence les différentes perceptions de la diplomatie sanitaire chinoise au début de la pandémie. Alors que de nombreux médias européens ont parlé de « l’échec de la diplomatie des masques » à l’été 2020, la lecture de la presse africaine ou chinoise remet en cause ce point de vue. Certes, le gouvernement chinois a mis plusieurs mois à inventer son narratif, mais il a ensuite su faire taire les critiques internes. En mettant en scène l’efficacité de ses mesures tout en se repositionnant comme expert, il a pu dénoncer un manque de rigueur dans les mesures prises à l’étranger. Ici, nous interrogeons en particulier les contours de la diplomatie du masque. Nous postulons qu’elle suit la recomposition des alliances qui accompagnent la montée en puissance de la Chine à l’international. Ainsi, si la diplomatie sanitaire de la Chine nous est aujourd’hui inaudible en Europe, ce n’est pas forcément en raison de son échec, mais peut-être parce qu’elle ne nous est plus destinée.
China’s Response to EU-Asia Connectivity Strategy: A Macro and Micro View in Analysis
Authors: Yi Dan , Li Zhuyu
Published: August 2021

Le document ‘Connecting Europe and Asia – Building blocks for an EU Strategy’ de 2018, adopté par les États membres de l’UE, a défini sa stratégie globale concernant la relation Europe-Asie. Il reste à savoir comment cet important document a été reçu et interprété en Chine. À partir de notre enquête et de notre analyse, cet article soutient que, bien que les informations aient été communiquées par le biais de plateformes officielles (la macro-information) en Chine, les discussions nécessaires (la micropénétration) entre les universitaires et les jeunes se sont avérées insuffisantes. Il est donc essentiel que l’UE et la Chine coopèrent, améliorent leur communication et encouragent une réflexion approfondie sur ce sujet, en favorisant la compréhension mutuelle entre les jeunes de l’UE et de la Chine. Cela peut se faire en exploitant leurs nouvelles plateformes préférées.
GRC et internationalisation des entreprises formelles versus informelles : comparaison Cameroun – Gabon
Authors: Ndjambou Ruphin , Kamgang Gouanlong Ingrid Nadège
Published: August 2021

Face à une demande de plus en plus exigeante, les entreprises orientent leurs activités vers des marchés étrangers pour des raisons d’élargissement du marché, d’optimisation des conditions de production. Les entreprises se tournent vers l’international. Si l’on prend en considération la nécessité des échanges multiformes imposés par les activités d’importation et d’exportation ; la réussite à l’international repose donc sur le marketing relationnel. Autrement dit, le degré d’internationalisation d’une entreprise dépend de sa capacité à bâtir une relation profitable sur le long terme avec les meilleurs clients. Les résultats des tests des hypothèses formulées dans le cadre de cette étude révèlent qu’ils n’existent pas de différences significatives entre les outils de GRC dont disposent les entreprises formelles et informelles en contexte camerounais et gabonais. De plus, la GRC aurait un impact significatif sur le degré d’internationalisation des entreprises formelles versus informelles. Ce qui vient annuler la dichotomie formel et informel permettant ainsi de faire confiance au secteur informel dans sa contribution au PIB des pays africain en général et en particulier au Gabon et au Cameroun.
Comparison of methodologies to determine the apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of maize, wheat, lupins, and peas for broiler chickens
Authors: Nalle C.L. , Ravindran V.
Published: August 2021

The influence of method (direct vs difference method) used to determine the apparent ileal digestibility coefficient (AIDC) of amino acids in two cereals (maize and wheat) and two grain legumes (Australian sweet lupins and peas) was investigated. For the direct method, the test ingredients were incorporated as the sole source of protein in assay diets. The assay diets used in the difference method were formulated by substituting the cereals and legumes for 50 and 25% (w/w), respectively, of a maize-soy basal diet. Each diet contained 3 g/kg titanium dioxide as an indigestible marker and were offered ad libitum to four replicate cages of broilers (four birds/cage) from d 28 to d 35 post-hatching. On d 35, digesta were collected from the terminal ileum and the AIDC of amino acids were calculated using marker ratios in the diet and digesta. Except for histidine, methionine, cysteine and tyrosine, the main effect of methods was found to be significant (P<0.05 to 0.001) for the AIDC of all amino acids. The main effect of the ingredients was significant (P<0.05 to 0.001) for all amino acids, except for histidine, aspartic acid and serine. Interactions (P<0.05) between ingredients and method were observed only for leucine, lysine, proline and serine. The AIDC of amino acids, determined by the difference method, was found to be distinctly higher than those determined by the direct method. This suggested that the direct method underestimated amino acid digestibility in low and medium protein ingredients.
The nutritional evaluation of forage-based mixed rations in New Zealand using an in vitro gas production technique. 1: analytical survey
Authors: Meads N.D. , Tahmasbi R. , Jantasila N.
Published: August 2021

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock are an important consideration in environmental science. Estimating GHG production can be problematic at a farm or animal level, and requires controlled conditions to produce real data. An in vitro gas production technique (IVGPT) was developed to evaluate forage-based total mixed rations in digestion kinetics and GHG production. Two hundred and sixty samples of complete mixed rations (MR), which included a pasture component used in commercial lactating dairy herds, were collected around NZ across three calendar years, 2017-2019. Twenty of the 260 samples were 100% total mixed rations (TMR) with no pasture content. The samples were submitted for proximate analysis as well as IVGPT to generate GHG production figures. The results showed an average total gas production (TGP) of 129.82 ml/g dry matter (DM), 78.6% true digestibility (TDMD), 125.06 mg/g DM microbial biomass (MB), 20.16 g CH4/kg DM, and 12.8 MJME/kg DM. The average nutrient composition was dry matter (DM) 31.55%, crude protein (CP) 21.85%, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) 44.35%, and starch 7.03%. The IVGPT CH4 production was negatively correlated to NDF (r=-0.312), ADF (r=-0.193), TGP (r=-0.216), and was positively correlated with TDMD (r=0.250), apparent digestibility (ADMD) (r=0.614), starch (r=0.117) and volatile fatty acids (r=0.538). The MR diet showed a strong positive relationship with ADMD digestibility (P=0.01) and a negative relationship with fibre content (NDF, P=0.01 and ADF, P=0.01). However, CH4 production reduced linearly with increasing TGP (P=0.01). The results indicated that a greater CH4 production may be related to higher digestibility of mixed ration.
Protease supplementation in maize-based diet influenced net energy and nutrient digestibility in broilers
Authors: McCafferty K.W. , Moss A.F. , Morgan N.K. , Cowieson A.J. , Choct M.
Published: August 2021

This experiment evaluated the effects of supplemental protease in maize-based diets formulated with reduced density of digestible amino acids (dAA) on net energy (NE) utilisation and nutrient digestibility in broilers. A total of 312, one-day-old, male broilers (Ross 308) were randomly distributed into 24 floor pens and fed one of three treatments, with eight pen replicates per treatment throughout the starter (1 to 14 d of age) and grower (15 to 28 d of age) phases. Dietary treatments consisted of a positive control (PC) reference diet, a negative control diet (NC; dAA density 60 g/kg less than PC diet), and a NC diet with supplemental protease (200 mg/kg). All diets contained supplemental phytase (200 mg/kg) and xylanase (200 mg/kg). The reduction in dAA density between the PC and NC did not affect (P>0.05) NE, but protease supplementation in the NC diet increased (P<0.05) NE by 0.27 MJ/kg, compared with those receiving the NC diet without protease. The reduction in dAA for broilers fed the NC and PC diets did not (P>0.05) affect nitrogen, starch, or DE in the jejunum or ileum. Likewise, no differences (P>0.05) in jejunal (nitrogen, starch, and DE) and ileal (starch and DE) digestibility values were observed between those offered the NC diets without or with protease, but a small difference (P<0.05) in ileal nitrogen digestibility was observed.
The effects of density on the growth, survival and feed conversion of Tenebrio molitor larvae
Authors: Deruytter D. , Coudron C.L.
Published: August 2021

An appropriate stocking density is beneficial to run an efficient business and improve animal welfare. In most traditional livestock this is defined as the number of animals per area. However, the larvae of the mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), one of the most important commercial insects, live both on top and inside their feed. In this study we assessed if different areal stocking densities (2D, range 0.6-10.4 larvae/cm2) resulted in a different growth rate and feed efficiency when the volumetric stocking density remained constant (1 larvae/cm3). In a first experiment the larvae received wheat bran once at the start, but in the second experiment wheat bran was added throughout the experiment to ensure that the larvae remained at 1 larvae/cm3. The results indicate that, given a stable volumetric density, the areal density can vary between 0.6 and 10.4 larvae/cm2 without extreme variation in growth, survival or feed efficiency. The lowest assessed densities did result in a slightly lower average weight and yield. A maximum yield per volume of feed was observed at 2.5 larvae/cm2 (feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.76 dry feed/live larvae). Yet, the overall highest yield was observed at 10.4 larvae/cm2 as the increased areal density far outweighed the slight decrease in FCR. In conclusion: when mealworm larvae are provided with an equal volume of wheat bran the influence of areal density is low and could be as high as 10.4 larvae/cm2 for optimal yield.
Initial value problems should not be associated to fractional model descriptions whatever the derivative definition used
Authors: SABATIER Jocelyn ,   Bordeaux University, IMS Laboratory, UMR 5218 CNRS, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence -France, FARGES Christophe
Published: August 2021

The paper shows that the Caputo definition of fractional differentiation is problematic if it is used in the definition of a time fractional model and if initial conditions are taken into account. The demonstration is done using simple examples (or counterexamples). The analysis is extended to the Riemann-Liouville and Grünwald-Letnikov definitions. These results thus question the validity of results produced in the field of time fractional model analysis in which initial conditions are involved.
“ASSOMBRO” À MORTE
Authors: Baptista Marcus Pierre de Carvalho , Nascimento Francisco de Assis de Sousa
Published: August 2021

No código de posturas de Teresina de 1865 que dispôs sobre as ruas e praças da cidade evidenciou-se a necessidade de reduzir a presença de cães nestes logradouros regulamentando sua “destruição” caso não fossem identificados seus donos em função da possibilidade de transmissão da raiva. Em um contexto do Império enfermo (Del Priore, 2016), o Piauí enfrentou epidemias do cólera, febre amarela, varíola e, possivelmente, casos de raiva que “assombraram” a província, da capital ao litoral. Deste modo, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi refletir, a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica e estudo documental do poder executivo e legislativo, sobre a presença destas enfermidades na segunda metade do século XIX no Piauí, bem como afetaram o imaginário da época no tocante ao medo (Tuan, 2005; Delumeau, 2009) destas doenças. O estudou indicou que a incidência da varíola e raiva pode ter perturbado o imaginário da população piauiense por medo de sua disseminação e morte em decorrência destas.
ENTRE CRIMES, RÉUS E VÍTIMAS
Authors: Pereira Bruno César , Franco Julio Cesar
Published: August 2021

Este estudo, tem por objetivo evidenciar as potencialidades das fontes criminais (Processos-Crimes e Inquéritos Policiais) sobre posse do Centro de Documentação e Memória (CEDOC) da Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná – UNICENTRO, Campus Irati. Nesta investigação, inicialmente, buscaremos traçar algumas das contribuições destas fontes para a produção historiográfica. Na sequência deste estudo, realizaremos um ‘estado da arte’, ou seja, propomos evidenciar as produções de historiadores (as) que se utilizaram dos acervos deste arquivo para a construção de uma série de reflexões que vão além das análises sobre as temáticas do crime e da violência, mas também do cotidiano, das sociabilidades, das relações de gênero e classe, entre outros temas.
Drivers of Innovation Practices in SMEs
Authors: Modi Prateek , Rawani A. M.
Published: August 2021

In terms of industries or business, one of the very important aspects of any growing economy is SMEs which are responsible for driving innovation and development in different areas. SMEs should possess a strategy which manages decisions effectively. Innovation is the key to making such strategies effective to achieve the ultimate goals. Presently, there are so many studies available in the literature for big industries, but less literature is available which collects drivers of innovation practice in SMEs in one article. Hence this article concentrates on discovering some of the driving forces of innovation practice in SMEs through previous studies. There are some factors which act as drivers for innovation practice in SMEs, these drivers help the SMEs to achieve their desired target. A basic literature review approach is embraced to viably identify those key drivers. This study contributes to the innovation management articles on SMEs. Some future research constraints are also suggested in the article.
An Examination of the Relationship Between Vision Content and Amount of Innovation in SMEs
Authors: Eryılmaz Mehmet Eymen , Bektaş Olcay
Published: August 2021

In the literature, it is strongly claimed by some studies that the content of a vision statement may be an appropriate mean to reach some desired individual, group and organizational level results. In addition, the idea relating to vitality of various types of innovation for different sorts of organizations has been supported by findings of many empirical studies. However, these studies that focus on the concept organizational innovation are based on large-sized organization to a great extent. Therefore, this study empirically investigates the effects of vision statements' content on the amount of innovation in the context of Turkish “Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs). The findings of study indicated that there aren't statistically significant differences between SMEs with innovation oriented vision statement and other SMEs in terms of amount of product innovation. A possible reason behind this finding may be inadequate vision communication. During the chapter, first, the literatures on organizational innovation, vision statements and SMEs are reviewed briefly. Then, these reviews will be followed by the sections of methodology and the findings. The chapter will be ended with the parts of future directions and conclusions that include the originalities and several limitations of this study.
The Influence of the Entrepreneur's Open Innovation Strategy on Firm Performance
Authors: Chege Samwel Macharia , Wang Daoping
Published: August 2021

This article helps identify the main factors influencing the performance of small and medium agribusiness enterprises in Kenya. The study proposes five research hypotheses, each tested on a sample of 150 agribusiness enterprises using multiple regression analysis. The results show that the use of external partners, such as scientific research establishments and commercial consultants, influences the firm's performance. This influence is moderated by factors like internal capabilities and the firm's degree of openness to innovation.
The Effective Use of Digital Technology by SMEs
Authors: Zairis Antonios Georgios
Published: August 2021

Most researches emphasize the importance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as main contributors to economic growth and their role in the global economy. The purpose of this study is to provide information on the implementation of digital technology in SMEs and the challenges they face. It seems that the evolution of internet technology and communication platforms has been largely adopted in the corporate environment and constitutes an important component of competitive advantage for large corporations. But the same does not exactly apply for SMEs as they come up against numerous issues. The chapter also focuses on the digital state of Greek SMEs and attempts to identify the main problems and opportunities for promoting their development through digital technology, as they appear to be weak in this field especially when comparing to the majority of European countries. These findings enrich the literature on Greek SMEs and their future capabilities.
Sustaining Competitive Advantage in SME Sector Through Green Computing
Authors: Mohapatra Sanjay
Published: August 2021

The objective of this chapter is to identify the factors that will make e-commerce adoption a sustainable one in a developing country like India. Using secondary research, variables that influence decision for e-commerce adoption were determined. Then using primary research, these variables were tested in different SMEs in Odisha, India. Data from 50 organizations were collected using a structured interview process. The results of data analysis using discriminant analysis indicate that organizational readiness, managerial productivity, external pressure, decision aids, compatibility, and perceived usefulness were factors found to be important determinants of adoption.
Accounting Information Systems (AIS) in SMEs
Authors: Ibrahim Fahmi , Ali Diyana Najwa Haji , Besar Nur Suaidah Awang
Published: August 2021

Small-medium enterprises (SMEs) have always been considered to be the backbone of Brunei's economy. As published by the OECD in 2006, SMEs constitute a high percentage of businesses, where they account for 98% of all active business enterprises, and contribute about 92% of the employment in the private sector, and at least 66% of the GDP within the non-oil sector of the economy. Since SMEs are considered to be significant for the economy, they are encouraged to improve their business performance in order to sustain their business development by enhancing their accounting information system. This article will focus on the current accounting practices in which Brunei SMEs have been implemented by MMA Cube Stores as a case study. As cube shop businesses have been growing all over the country, it is significant to carry out this research as it may apply to the other similar business in Brunei. Reasonable recommendations are included in this article for the augmentation of the accounting system among Brunei SMEs.
“Zeropay”
Authors: Cho June-Suh
Published: August 2021

ZeroPay is a “zero-fee payment service,” which is designed to help small businesses. It is a QR code-based mobile secure payment service that the government, Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG), bank, and private settlement providers cooperate to reduce small business owners' commission burden. When a consumer recognizes a QR code as a smartphone app, the fees charged by the merchant's franchisee will either be lost or significantly lowered as money transfers from the consumer account to the merchant account. SMG started to ease commissions' burden on small businesses suffering from recession, rising rents, and card fees. However, because of this service started with government policy, ZeroPay started with many controversies, and these issues need to be addressed for the service to settle down stably. The main discussion of this paper is that this service will be applied successfully to the market. The author discusses how the SMG efforts settle successfully with strategically initiated services.
Adoption of Industrial IoT (IIoT) in Auto-Component Manufacturing SMEs in India
Authors: Sivathanu Brijesh
Published: August 2021

This article investigates the adoption of Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT) in Auto-Component Manufacturing SMEs (ACM SMEs) in the context of a developing country like India by using the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework. This research surveyed Information & Communication Technology (ICT) officers, managers and owners of 320 ACM SMEs in India using a structured questionnaire to understand the adoption of IIoT. The primary data was analyzed using the PLS-SEM technique. It was found that IIoT expertise, IIoT infrastructure, relative advantage, compatibility, cost, security, organizational readiness, top management support, competitive pressure, and support from technology vendors are factors that affect the adoption of IIoT. This article considered organization size as the control variable. The results show that it does not have a significant effect on the adoption of IIoT. ACM SMEs are one of the important sectors adopting IIoT. This article provides valuable insights to their managers and IIoT vendors. It also suggests key inputs to the government officials involved in the ‘Make in India' initiative of Government of India (GoI) and Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME).
Factors Affecting the Adoption of E-Marketing by Decision Makers in SMEs
Authors: Alrousan Mohammad Kasem , Al-Adwan Ahmad Samed , Al-Madadha Amro , Al Khasawneh Mohammad Hamdi
Published: August 2021

This study examines the factors that influence decision-makers to adopt e-marketing in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Jordan. There is currently no comprehensive conceptual framework that explains e-marketing adoption in SMEs. Therefore, this study develops a conceptual framework based on the diffusion of innovation (DOI) and technology-organization-environment (TOE) theories. The conceptual framework is composed of four contexts: technological, organizational, managerial, and environmental, and hypothesizes eleven factors significantly influencing e-marketing adoption in SMEs. A self-administrated questionnaire survey was conducted with 362 SMEs in Jordan. Logistic regression was used to test the relevant hypotheses. The obtained results show that relative advantages, complexity, IT expertise, top management support, manager's IT knowledge and external pressure have a significant impact on e-marketing adoption. However, compatibility, cost, firm size, manager innovativeness, and government support do not show any association with e-marketing adoption.
Information and Communication Technology Adoption in SMEs in Sri Lanka; Current level of ICT Usage and Perceived Barriers
Authors: Athapaththu Jayani Chamarika , Nishantha Busige
Published: August 2021

Information communication technology (ICT), considered as one of the major impacts of organizational performance and small and medium enterprises (SMEs), plays a significant role in the Sri Lankan economy as a strategic partner. Thus, the article examines current levels of ICT usage and perceived barriers to ICT adoption in SMEs in Sri Lanka. The findings revealed that despite the majority of respondents using IT for essential functions, they lacked proper internal IT infrastructures, personal motivation, had internet connection issues, trust issues, and lack of knowledge. These factors were identified as the perceived barriers to ICT adoption in SMEs in Sri Lanka. Data was collected from 67 SME owners from Sri Lanka, except the North province, in November 2016. The findings offer valuable insights to policy makers in general and to the SME owners. The methodology, implications, and suggestions are also discussed.
Exporting Activity at Turning Point
Authors: Lemonakis Christos , Batzanakaki Eleni , Steiakakis Stylianos , Garefalakis Alexandros
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this article is to study key factors affecting export activity in the Greek manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Under this condition the authors focus on four consecutive sectors of Greek economic activity, i.e.: food and beverage (F&B), clothing, machinery, and wood and furniture sectors. The important characteristics are analyzed by using the sample firms' size, age, and financial indicators such as leverage and liquidity to underscore the importance of exporting activity in providing increased efficiency in the Greek manufacturing firms. The study uses an OLS econometric model to determine the importance of these factors and to present an overall perception of explanatory characteristics increasing business continuity and firms' viability.