bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution des apports en eau dans la plaine rizicole de Marovoay par le fleuve Betsiboka (Madagascar) : reconstitution et projections jusqu'en 2100
Authors: Dumas Dominique , Bigot Sylvain , Brou Yao Télesphore , Ramboarison Rivo , Razanaka Samuel , Robison Laurent Roger
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Aujourd'hui, le fleuve Betsiboka alimente une vaste plaine
agricole située au NW de Madagascar. Ce fleuve est pourtant très mal
connu sur un plan hydrologique. Sur la base de mesures des écoulements
entre 1958 et 1971, cette étude cherche dans un premier temps à
reconstituer les débits contemporains de ce fleuve, puis dans un second
temps à cerner comment les écoulements peuvent évoluer au cours
du XXIème siècle. Les résultats de cette étude
montrent qu'une baisse des débits semble se dessiner à la fin de ce
siècle. Elle diminuerait la ressource en eau apportée par le fleuve,
selon les scénarii climatiques retenus, de 2.4 à 2.7 km3 d'eau
par an. Cette diminution de la ressource serait par ailleurs plus
marquée sur la période de décembre à février, durant
justement la période de repiquage du riz qui implique un apport en eau
élevé.
Heavy rainfall frequency analysis in the Benin section of the Niger and Volta Rivers basins: is the Gumbel's distribution a one-size-fits-all model?
Authors: Badou Djigbo Félicien , Adango Audrey , Hounkpè Jean , Bossa Aymar , Yira Yacouba , Biao Eliezer Iboukoun , Adounkpè Julien , Alamou Eric , Sintondji Luc Ollivier C. , Afouda Abel Akambi
Published: November 2021

Abstract. West African populations are increasingly exposed to heavy rainfall events which cause devastating floods. For the design of rainwater drainage facilities (to protect populations), practitioners systematically use the Gumbel distribution regardless of rainfall statistical behaviour. The objective of this study is twofold. The first is to update existing knowledge on heavy rainfall frequency analysis in West Africa to check whether the systematic preference for Gumbel's distribution is not misleading, and subsequently to quantify biases induced by the use of the Gumbel distribution on stations fitting other distributions. Annual maximum daily rainfall of 12 stations located in the Benin sections of the Niger and Volta Rivers' basins covering a period of 96 years (1921–2016) were used. Five statistical distributions (Gumbel, GEV, Lognormal, Pearson type III, and Log-Pearson type III) were used for the frequency analysis and the most appropriate distribution was selected based on the Akaike (AIC) and Bayesian (BIC) criteria. The study shows that the Gumbel's distribution best represents the data of 2/3 of the stations studied, while the remaining 1/3 of the stations fit better GEV, Lognormal, and Pearson type III distributions. The systematic application of Gumbel's distribution for the frequency analysis of extreme rainfall is therefore misleading. For stations whose data best fit the other distributions, annual daily rainfall maxima were estimated both using these distributions and the Gumbel's distribution for different return periods. Depending on the return period, results demonstrate that the use of the Gumbel distribution instead of these distributions leads to an overestimation (of up to +6.1 %) and an underestimation (of up to −45.9 %) of the annual daily rainfall maxima and therefore to an uncertain design of flood protection facilities. For better validity, the findings presented here should be tested on larger datasets.
Perceptions communautaires du couple sécheresse/déboisement dans le sous-bassin versant de Koumagou à Boukoumbé (Nord-Ouest Bénin)
Authors: Yabi Ibouraima , N'tcha Tchanati Mahamoud , Akibou Akindélé
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Au-delà des analyses climatologiques et statistiques, la présente communication s'intéresse aux connaissances communautaires relatives au couple sécheresse-déboisement qui sont les principaux moteurs de la dynamique environnementale dans le sous bassin versant de Koumagou au Nord-Ouest du Bénin. Sur la base des investigations auprès d'un échantillon de 180 personnes, les perceptions communautaires relatives aux manifestations, causes et conséquences des deux fléaux sans oublier les mesures d'adaptation, sont analysées. Des paramètres de la statistique descriptive ont été utilisés pour le traitement des données. La sécheresse est causée par le déboisement massif et la colère des dieux alors que l'agriculture et l'exploitation forestière sont perçues comme la cause du déboisement. Les ressources en eau, les ressources végétales et les sols sont les plus affectés selon les répondants avec des conséquences socioéconomiques. Les mesures d'adaptation concernent l'ajustement des pratiques culturales, le reboisement, la création des aires protégées communautaires, la mobilisation des eaux souterraines. Abstract. Beyond climatological and statistical analyzes, this communication focuses on community knowledge relating to the combination of drought and deforestation, which are the main drivers of environmental dynamics in the Koumagou sub-watershed in north-west Benin. Based on investigations of a sample of 180 people, community perceptions relating to the manifestations, causes and consequences of the two scourges, not to mention adaptation measures, are analyzed. Descriptive statistics parameters were used for data processing. Drought is caused by massive deforestation and the wrath of the gods while agriculture and forestry are seen as the cause of deforestation. Water resources, plant resources and soils are the most affected according to the respondents with socio-economic consequences. The adaptation measures concern the adjustment of cultural practices, reforestation, the creation of community protected areas, the mobilization of groundwater.
Multiyear rainfall variability in the Mono river basin and its impacts on Nangbeto hydropower scheme
Authors: Obahoundje Salomon , Amoussou Ernest , Youan Ta Marc , Kouassi Lazare Kouakou , Diedhiou Arona
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Hydropower energy, the main renewable energy source in
West Africa, contributes to more than half of the Togo and Benin National
electrification. This resource highly depends on water availability in
rivers or reservoirs. The water availability heavily relies on climate
patterns of the area. In the climate change context, the sustainability of
hydropower plants is at risk. This work aims to assess the sensitivity of
the Nangbeto hydropower plant to multiyear climate variability using
statistical analysis. The results show that energy generation at Nangbeto
hydropower is more modulated by four main variables namely inflow to
reservoir, water level, rainfall of the actual and the previous year. The
energy generation is found to be strongly and significantly correlated to
inflow to reservoir, water level, and rainfall. Overall, the Nangbeto
hydropower generation is more sensitive to inflow which is controlled by
climate variables (rainfall, temperature) and land use/cover change.
Therefore, the probable future change in these variables is suggested to be
deeply investigated.
Assessing climate change impact on the hydropower potential of the Bamboi catchment (Black Volta, West Africa)
Authors: Yira Yacouba , Mutsindikwa Tariro Cynthia , Bossa Aymar Yaovi , Hounkpè Jean , Salack Seyni
Published: November 2021

Abstract. This study evaluates the impact of future climate change (CC) on
the hydropower generation potential of the Bamboi catchment (Black Volta) in
West Africa using a conceptual rainfall-runoff model (HBV light) and
regional climate models (RCMs)–global climate models (GCMs). Two climate
simulation datasets MPI-ESM-REMO (CORDEX) and GFDL-ESM2M-WRF (WASCAL) under
RCP4.5 were applied to the validated hydrological model to simulate the
catchment runoff. Based on reference and future simulated discharges, a
theoretical 1.3 MW run of river hydro power plant was designed to evaluate
the hydropower generation. Hydrological and hydropower generation changes
were expressed as the relative difference between two future periods
(2020–2049 and 2070–2099) and a reference period (1983–2005). The climate
models' ensemble projected a mean annual precipitation increase by 8.8 %
and 7.3 % and discharge increase by 11.4 % and 9.735 % for the
2020–2049 and 2070–2099 periods respectively (for bias corrected data). On
the contrary an overall decrease of hydropower generation by −9.1 % and
−8.4% for the 2020–2049 and 2070–2099 periods was projected
respectively. The results indicate that projected increases in discharge
should not solely be considered as leading to an increase in hydropower
potential when prospecting climate change impact on hydropower.
Madde Bağımlısı Bireylerin Yaşadığı Psikososyal Sorunlar, Uygulanan Kanıt Temelli Müdahaleler ve Hemşireliğin Rolü
Authors: Cüceler Seval , Yılmaz Mualla , Türkleş Serpil
Published: November 2021

Madde bağımlılığı, bireyin sağlığını, aile hayatını, toplumun güvenliğini ve ekonomiyi de olumsuz yönde etkileyen önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Madde bağımlılığı ile mücadelede multidisipliner bir yaklaşım gerekmektedir. Madde bağımlılığı; eğitim, ekonomi, sosyal ilişkiler ve damgalanma, duygusal ve psikiyatrik sorunlar gibi psikososyal boyutta birçok soruna neden olmaktadır. Bu derlemede madde bağımlılığının psikososyal boyutları, birey ve ailenin psikososyal bakımında hemşirenin rolü, kanıta dayalı hemşirelik müdahaleleri ile neler yapılması gerektiği tüm boyutlarıyla aktarılmış, madde bağımlısı birey ve ailesine yönelik diğer disiplinler tarafından yapılan kanıt temelli müdahale çalışmalarından da örnekler sunularak konuya dikkat çekmek amaçlanmıştır.
The Role of Literary Artists in Environmental Movements: Minamata Disease and Michiko Ishimure
Authors: Komatsubara Orika
Published: November 2021

By offering new fantasies, perspectives and representations, artists have the power to make people aware of social issues and inspire them to action. This paper describes how artists can offer a vision of environmental resistance by employing fantasy and using tools of poetic expression for communities affected by environmental destruction. This paper employs a case study methodology to examine the Minamata disease victims’ movement in Japan through the lens of environmental justice. As part of this movement, writer Michiko Ishimure created a fantasy called Mouhitotsu-no-konoyo, based in a mythical world and featuring the moral relationships that the people of Minamata, Kumamoto Prefecture, had embraced before modernisation. I will show the importance of this fantasy for the movement, analysing it from two perspectives: those of ningenteki-dori (the human principle) and the invisible fantasy about the mythical world. Ishimure’s fantasy offers a moral message to prevent further environmental harm.
Can Au/Ag/Fe nanoparticle composition restore blood cell counts in terms of DMH-induced colon adenocarcinoma?
Authors: Lisnychuk Nataliya , Dybkova Svitlana , Rieznichenko Liudmyla , Vivchar Zoriana
Published: November 2021

Scientific interest in nanomedicine nowadays is constantly growing, and nanomaterials have found wide application in diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. The most promising seem to be metal nanoparticles (NP). Some of them are actively studied in separate and there are favorable results considering their ability to normalize blood cell counts, but their co-work as a composite is still not well known. This opens a great perspective for studying NP as the blood homeostasis corrector, which could help in developing treatment schemes for many threatening diseases followed by the blood cell count disorders, especially malignant tumors. As colorectal cancer is third most commonly diagnosed, this study was focused on evaluation of blood cell counts changes in rats with DMH-induced colon adenocarcinoma in situ along with the assessment of Au/Ag/Fe NP composition corrective effect. Colon adenocarcinoma was induced by introducing N,N-dimethylhydrazine hydrochloride during 30 weeks. After pathohistological verification of developing colon adenocarcinoma in situ in DMH-treated rats Au/Ag/Fe NP composition was administered during 3 weeks. Introducing NP to the DMH-injured rats lead to increasing RBC and HGB and decreasing pathologically high-leveled MCV, MCH and MCHC to normal references. Assessed NP composition normalized the neutrophils rate, LMR and gave us a PLT rate particularly the same, as in the control group animals. Taking into account the previously proven biosafety of gold, silver and iron NP on their own and as a result the predicted biosafety of their composition we can consider further amplification of preclinical study on this NP composition of high significance, as it might be possibly used as following therapy of non-metastatic forms of colon cancer.
Isolation and Study of Bacteriophages Specific Against Multidrug Resistant Salmonella spp. and Assessment of their Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Makalatia Khatuna , Kakabadze Elene , Grdzelishvili Nino , Bakuradze Nata , Chanishvili Nino
Published: November 2021

Within the scope of the study, clinical non-typhoidal Salmonella were isolated in Armenia and Georgia and identified based on conventional microbiological methods and MALDI-TOF MS. These isolates were further analysed by serotyping (White-Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme) and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were defined. A total of 40 antibiotic resistance profiles were identified, of which 35 were characteristic of clinical strains. Out of a total of 345 isolates, 238 strains from Georgia, Armenia and Ireland were eventually selected for our study.Using the strains of this collection, 13 new bacteriophages were isolated, characterized by biological and genetic features. Based on the data obtained, phages were classified and the peculiarities of their life cycle were determined (virulent-lytic, moderate-lysogenic).Analysis of the sequencing results showed that only one of the 12 phages identified as temperate phage (vB_GEC_ TR), it belongs to the family Podoviridae, genus-Laderbergvirus. While the other 11 phages are virulent, they are related to well-known and characterized phages, which are used in various phage preparations. Analysis of their genomes did not show any lysogeny associated genes. Among the virulent phages, 6 are members of Myoviridae family (vB_GEC_B1, vB_GEC_B3, vB_GEC_MG, vB_GEC_BS, vB_GEC_NS7, vB_GEC_7A) and 5 of the Syphoviridae family (vB_GEC_N5, vB_GEC_N8, vB_GEC_M4, vB_GEC_M5, vB_GEC_Hi). In vitro tests revealed that the phages - vB_GEC_B1, vB_GEC_BS, vB_GEC_B3, vB_GEC_NS7, vB-GEC-N8 showed high activity (60% to 80%) against the examined strains. The phages have been shown to be more effective against clinical strains (≈90%) than against veterinary strains (≈70%). The strains susceptible to these phages were mainly S.typhimurium and S. Enteritidis serovars and are largely of clinical origin. Based on our research we can conclude that the application of phages as an additional tool for the treatment of MDR Salmonella infections seems to be plausible. Phages are natural and specific antibacterial agents, which can lyse bacteria.irrespective of their AMR status, whilst leaving the commensal microflora unharmed. This is one of the main advantages of phages in comparison to antibiotics. The phages tested in this study showed potential for application in phage therapy against MDR Salmonella infections.
Литературно-эстетическая и философская рефлексия А.А. Фета: взгляд из XXI века
Authors: Липич Тамара Ивановна , Липич Василий Васильевич
Published: November 2021

Статья посвящена художественной рефлексии А.А. Фета в контексте творческого взаимодействия поэта с романтической традицией своей эпохой. Авторы исследуют проблему литературно-философской рефлексии и анализируют специфику фетовского поэтического феномена. С опорой на сравнительно-исторический принцип познания, а также философско-антропологический и философско-культурологический подходы проанализирована динамика критических оценок и откликов современных поэту критиков, рассматривавших поэзию А. Фета. Сделан вывод о необходимости преодоления неоправданного исследовательского равнодушия к творческому наследию А. Фета и важности исследовательских стремлений, направленных на осмысление своеобразия его поэзии.
Поиск консолидирующего сакрального пространства этнокультурной идентичности в городе индивидуализированной массы
Authors: Бобков Александр Иванович , Бобков Алексей Александрович
Published: November 2021

Представлено философское осмысление столкновения пространства, консолидирующего массу секулярного характера, и пространства сакральной конъюнкции этнокультурного сообщества в условиях индивидуализированного общества. Показаны тактики разрушения неномадическим сообществом индивидуализированной идентичности пространств репрезентации этнокультурной субъектности. Поставлена проблема самоактуализации практик сакрализации городского пространства в контексте противодействия археоавангарда сконструированной этноархаике.
Как возможна коэволюция человека и техники. Рецензия на книгу В. А. Кутырева, В. В. Слюсарева, Т. М. Хусяинова «Человечество и Технос: философия коэволюции» (СПб., Изд. Алетейя, 2020. – 260 с.)
Authors: Тимощук Алексей Станиславович
Published: November 2021

Раньше философия объясняла, но в эпоху, когда больше говорящих, чем слушающих, она должна вопить. С таким алармистским кредо солидаризируются три автора книги «Человечество и Технос». Цель книги, по мнению рецензента, – указать на опасности глобализации, цифровизации и трансгуманизма (постгендеризма), ведущие к деградации собственно человеческого, представленного в различных модусах (индивидуальное, женское, мужское, родовое, этническое, национальное, гуманное, сапиентное, разумное, интуитивное, трансцендентное и т.д.).  Авторы выпустили в плавание новый антитехнократический ледокол, который должен пробить лёд Мортидо, сковавший человечество после проклятия Техноса.
Corporate Reputation and Customer Satisfaction in the Telecommunication Industry in Nigeria
Authors: U. Ananaba , S.N. Nwosu , U.S. Otika , O.B. Osuagwu
Published: November 2021

Despite the widespread belief that corporate reputation is a valuable intangible asset that helps firms to compete favourably in the telecommunication industry, the scientific evidence is deficient on how corporate reputation influence customer satisfaction in the study area. The study focused on the relationship between corporate reputation and customer satisfaction. The survey research design method was employed in the study. The research instrument was a validated structured questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated by assessing the internal consistency of the items representing each construct. Cronbach’s alpha was used to establish the reliability of the constructs. The correlation and multiple regression analyses were used in the study. The sample size of 135 respondents was administered with the questionnaire. The finding of the analyses revealed that trustworthiness (B = 0.251, P<.001); corporate social responsibility (B = 0.283, P<.001); credibility (B = 0.198, P<.001) and reliability (B = 0.219, P<.001) were respectively significant and exhibited significant positive effects on customer satisfaction. The major conclusion that emerged from the findings is that corporate reputation is a multifaceted construct whose dimensions have significant positive relationships with marketing performance outcome of customer satisfaction in the mobile telecommunications services industry. In the competitive context, managers should apply the dimensions of corporate reputation that is appropriate for their target segment and develop their customer satisfaction strategy.
Assessment of undernutrition among Santal children of Bolpur-Sriniketan block of Birbhum District, West Bengal, India
Authors:   Department of Anthropology, Dinabandhu Mahavidyalaya, Bongaon, West Bengal, India, Bhadra Mithu , Mitra Maitrayee ,   Cultural Research Institute, BCW & TD Department, Government of West Bengal, India, Baul Shubhrakanti ,   Department of Anthropology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, West Bengal, India, Mukhopadhyay Ashish ,   Department of Anthropology, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
Published: November 2021

Present cross sectional study was undertaken to assess the nutritional status of 348 pre-primary and primary school going Santal children aged 4 to 10 years which includes 186 boys and 162 girls of Bolpur-Sriniketan Block, Birbhum, West Bengal. Anthropometric measurements of height and weight were measured using standard procedure. The analyses reveals that the mean value of height of boys is slightly greater than that of the girls but the mean value of both weight and BMI of girls are slightly greater than those of the boys. The differences in height, weight and BMI between boys and girls were not statistically significant. The age group wise distribution of undernutrition of both boys and girls were identified by calculating age specific z-scores values. On the basis of both weight for age and BMI for age, the percentage of severe and moderate underweight is higher among the boys than the girls. On the basis of height for age, the percentage of severe stunting is higher among the boys than the girls but the percentage of moderate stunting is higher among the girls than the boys. The study concludes that the boys are more affected by undernutrition in the form of underweight and stunting than girls.
Indigenous Knowledge of Ethnic Community on Usage of Kripa (Lumnitzera racemosa) and its preliminary screening
Authors:   Department of Botany, Bhairab Ganguly College, Belghoria, Kolkata-700056, West Bengal, India, Sanyal Rupa , Mallick Sohini ,   CFC-NMPB, National Afforestation & Eco-Development Board, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India, Mazumder Asis ,   CFC-NMPB, National Afforestation & Eco-Development Board, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
Published: November 2021

Kripa (Lumnitzera racemosa) is an evergreen branched tree of medicinal value found in the mangrove areas of the Indian subcontinent and traditionally used by local rural communities to treat various ailments and their symptoms. Kripa was identified as one of the many mangrove species that occur in the Sunderbans delta that are being used for its therapeutic properties. The traditional usage of Kripa leaves and bark were learnt through interaction with the locals. The plant parts were collected from the Medicinal Plant Conservation Area (MPCA) in Bonnie Camp and a preliminary phytochemical analysis was conducted in methanolic extraction by following standard methodology. The locals reported that the most common use of the plant were to treat itches, bites (inflammation) and occasionally even symptoms of diabetes. The preliminary phytochemical screening reveals that the leaves of Kripa contains glycosides, alkaloids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, etc.
Entre lo neobarroco, lo alternativo y lo discrepante
Authors: Sacal Smeke Sophia
Published: November 2021

La época de 1990 en México representa una apertura total, en ámbitos que van desde lo económico hasta lo artístico. Al tratar de insertarse en un mundo globalizado, el antiguo sistema del arte se vio fuertemente desestabilizado y las instituciones no pudieron responder inmediatamente a los cambios que se estaban gestando, por lo que surgieron espacios independientes donde se podía experimentar con absoluta libertad. Los espacios alternativos de esta época pueden ser calificados bajo el término “neobarrocos” por ser representativos de la inestabilidad y la polidimensionalidad que bien caracteriza esta corriente filosófico-estética. Este artículo expone la relación del

panorama sociocultural, político e histórico con la emergencia de estos lugares, para así reflexionar sobre la posibilidad de que un fenómeno similar ocurra en la actualidad.
Berøring, velvære, estetikk og ernæring: forståelse av spedbarnets kropp i antikken
Authors: Lindboe Inger Marie
Published: November 2021

Artikkelen tar for seg noen tekster forfattet av legen Soranus fra Efesos. Han virket som lege i Roma på slutten av det første århundre e.v.t. og skrev også flere medisinske verker som fikk stor innflytelse. Blant disse er ”Gynaikeia”. Han beskriver her i detalj hvorledes nyfødte skal stelles og tas vare på. Med utgangspunkt i disse tekstene samt ulike, samtidige oppfatninger av kroppens utvikling i mors liv, belyser artikkelen hans forståelse av barnets kropp. Det fremgår at kroppens funksjonsnivå tillegges fundamental betydning for barnets fremtidige liv. Kroppen formes på avgjørende vis i denne tidlige livsfasen. Derfor er det så viktig hvordan spedbarnet behandles. Smerte bør unngås, og barns smerte må møtes på en annen måte enn voksnes smerte. Både svøpingen og melken etterlater varige avtrykk for resten av livet. Kroppen synes dermed å utgjøre en særskilt forbindelseslinje mellom barndom og voksen alder.
Barn og barndom i middelalderen
Authors: Røskaft Merete
Published: November 2021

I denne artikkelen drøftes noen aspekter ved middelalderens barndomshistorie, med særlig fokus på barneutbæring og barnedrap. Selv om mye tyder på at middelalderens barn, i motsetning til hva som har blitt hevdet av en sentral forsker på feltet som Philippe Ariès, jevnt over har blitt behandlet med kjærlighet og respekt, så har ikke alle barnefødsler blitt imøtesett med glede. Noen barn ble derfor forlatt av sine foreldre eller tatt av dage, enten det skyldtes sosial nød eller at barnet var født inn i sosialt uakseptable relasjoner. De norske middelalderlovene avslører noen interessante regionale forskjeller når en studerer fenomenet barneutbæring, og en gruppe barn ser ut til å ha vært særlig utsatt: barn født med store misdannelser. Mens man i kristen middelalder innfører et klart forbud mot barneutbæring, så gjøres det i flere av lovene et unntak nettopp for barn født med store skader.
Fra redaksjonen
Authors: Tingstad Vebjørg
Published: November 2021

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Enslige forsørgere uten betalt arbeid: foreldrenes situasjon og barns trivsel
Authors: Skevik Grødem Anne
Published: November 2021

Artikkelen ser på situasjonen til enslige forsørgere som ikke er i betalt arbeid, og sammenligner denne med situasjonen til yrkesaktive enslige forsørgere og toforeldrefamilier. Data kommer fra en studie av barns levekår, med vekt på familier med lav inntekt. Sammenlignet med de andre kategoriene har ikke-yrkesaktive enslige forsørgere som gruppe lavere utdannelse og inntekt, flere barn, hyppigere helseplager og dårligere materielle levekår. De er oftere sosialt isolerte, og er ofte i kontakt med sosialkontor og barnevern. Barna deres (10–15-åringer) uttrykker mindre trivsel på skolen og i klassen, mindre tillit til læreren, og lavere generell trivsel. De utviser også mer problematferd enn barn i andre familier. Artikkelen konkluderer med at enslige forsørgere uten lønnsarbeid er en gruppe med sammensatte problemer, som trenger en annen type oppfølging enn det de får i dag for å kunne gi barna sine en god barndom.
Outcome of Alvarado scoring system in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis at a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Saleem Afza , Ali Zahra , Chaudhry Wasif Majeed , Alam Aruj , Shoaib Muhammad , Mahmood Zahid
Published: November 2021

Background: Diagnosis of acute appendicitis is usually made on the basis of clinical judgment and experience of the surgeon. It may sometimes become a challenge due to variability in presentation. It is not unusual for surgical residents & consultants to miss the diagnosis. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of Alvarado score in making an accurate diagnosis of acute appendicitis and assessing its sensitivity at a tertiary care hospital, in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: A Prospective observational study was conducted at the department of Surgery, Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital (GTTH). The data was collected from 117 patients on a self-designed proforma over a one-year period i.e., from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018 with the suspected diagnosis of acute appendicitis and who underwent surgery. The variables were evaluated with Alvarado scoring system to assess its effectiveness and sensitivity. The data was analyzed using SPSS vr 23. Results: Demographic results showed 73(62.4%) males and 44(37.6%) female. The mean age was 23 years and most of the patient were in age group 11-20years 55(47%). Abdominal pain was the commonest feature found in all the patients followed by Nausea in 72% and migration of pain to Right Iliac fossa 60%. Complicated appendicitis was found as gangrenous (7.5%) and perforated (6%). 53% of the cases were performed by on-call team consisted of SRs and surgical residents. Conclusion: Alvarado score is an effective scoring system in making an accurate diagnosis of acute appendicitis. It can be very useful in the prompt management of patients with equivocal features and in extreme of ages. Keywords: Acute appendicitis, Clinical scoring, Alvarado score
Analysis of related factors of transient hypothyroidism in premature infants
Authors: Ke. Gao , Abbas Syed Haider , Faheem Ali , Zeeshan Muhammad , Masud Rizwan , Akram Muhammad , Raza Syed Muhammad Ahsan
Published: November 2021

Aim: In this paper, the related factors of transient hypothyroidism in premature infants were discussed, the incidence of THOP was observed, and the risk factors were analyzed to guide future work. Methods: From January 2017 to January 2018, 117 premature infants admitted to neonatology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College were selected and diagnosed with THOP in 48 cases, including 31 males and 17 females.< 1 500 g 17 cases, 1 500 ~ 2 500 g 70 cases, > 2 500 g 30 cases; Gestational age ≤32 weeks 30 cases, 33 ~ 34 weeks 37 cases, 35 ~ 36 weeks 50 cases. Results: The incidence of THOP in different gestational age groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05).The incidence of THOP in different weight groups was statistically significant(P < 0.05).The differences of asphyxia, RDS and gestational hypertension in premature infants were statistically significant (P < 0.05), while the differences of intracranial hemorrhage, polycythemia, sepsis and hypoglycemia were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Gestational age ≤32 weeks and gestational hypertension were independent risk factors for THOP. Key words: transient hypothyroidism; correlative factors; premature infants
Diagnostic Accuracy of Lower Uterine Segment Scar Thickness ≤1.6mm in Prediction of Scar Dehiscence in patients
Authors: Asif Fiza , Zafar Sobia , Zafar Tehmina , Majeed Tayyaba , Mahmood Zahid
Published: November 2021

Background: Cesarean section uterine scar dehiscence (CSD) is a rare but notable complication of Lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) surgery. The cause for a uterine scar dehiscence is based on the etiology behind the uterine scar defect or any event that would predispose the cesarean scar to dehisce. Globally accepted option for assessing the CS scar is transvaginal ultrasonography of the non-pregnant uterus. Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of lower uterine segment scar thickness≤1.6mm in the prediction of scar dehiscence in patients with previous one LSCS who are undergoing repeat LSCS after trial of labour taking intraoperative findings as gold standard. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Services Hospital, Lahore for 6 months. The Non probability consecutive sampling technique was used to include women with previous one LSCS at 36-38 weeks were asked to get their TVS done for scar thickness. Women with scar thickness≤1.6mm and scar thickness>1.6mm were identified. Their intraoperative findings of scar dehiscence were confirmed. All the data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 20. Results: The mean age of patients was 29.87±6.07 years. The emergency LSCS was done in 599(49.1%) patients and elective LSCS was done in 621(50.9%) patients. The sensitivity, specificity & diagnostic accuracy of TVS was 98.31%, 99.05% & 98.69% respectively. Conclusion: According to our study results the TVS for uterine scar is a very useful and effective tool in the prediction of scar dehiscence in patients with previous one LSCS taking intraoperative findings as gold standard. Keywords: Transvaginal sonography, TVS, Uterine, Scar, dehiscence, LSCS, Intraoperative
Delayed Awakening after use of Dexmedetomidine
Authors: Shaikh Mamoona , Ahmed Jamil , Memon Juwereya , Shaikh Kauser , Khan Shahid , Mmeon Ghulam Nabi
Published: November 2021

Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is currently being used as a premedication for anxiolysis, as an adjunctive drug both during and after surgery and as an adjunct to attenuate emergence agitation, postoperative pain, and shivering. It is an alpha-2 agonist which is 8 times more potent than clonidine and is also has sympatholytic effects1. It is also being used as an adjunct in central neraxial blocks to enhance the quality and to prolong the duration of the block2,3. Its use in peripheral nerve blocks is also reported. Keywords: Anxiolysis, fibroadenoma, agitation
Comparison of Psychological Disorders between Vaccinated and Non-Vaccinated Covid-19 Patients
Authors: Khan Muhammad Kamran , Mufti Ali Ahsan , Khan Ghaazaan , Ahmad Hussain , Riaz Qasim
Published: November 2021

Objective: To compare the psychological disorders between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients with covid-19 disease. Study Design: Retrospective/observational Place and Duration: The study was conducted at Psychiatry department of Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex, Nowshera during the period of six months from December 2020 to May 2021. Methods: Total 120 patients of both genders presented with covid-19 were included in this study. Patients’ detailed demographics including age, sex, BMI, vaccination status, and clinical presentation were recorded after taking written informed consent. Patients were aged between 15-60 years. Patients were equally divided into two groups. Group A (Vaccinated) had 60 and group B (Unvaccinated) contains 60 patients with covid-19 disease. Prevalence of depression and anxiety were measured by DASH-21 scale among both groups. Complete data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0 version. Results: There were 40 (66.67%) males and 20 (33.33%) patients were females in group A. In group B 42 (70%) were males while 18 (30%) were females. Mean age of the patients in group A was 40.66 ±10.22 years with mean BMI 27.28±2.34 kg/m2 and in group B, mean age was 41.16 ±9.42 years with mean BMI 28.14±2.48 kg/m2. Frequency of depression and anxiety were high in unvaccinated patients 35 (58.33%) and 19 (31.67%) as compared to vaccinated patients, found in 20 (33.33%) and 10 (16.67%) patients. A significant difference was observed regarding depression and anxiety between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. (P-value <0.05) Conclusion: Psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety were significantly associated with unvaccinated patients with covid-19 disease. Keywords: COVID-19, Anxiety, Depression, Illness
Abdominal Wound Problem after Hysterectomy using Scalpel Versus Electrocautery for Skin and Subcutaneous Dissection
Authors: Memon Erum , Batool Kiran , Samina Mubashra , Ashfaq Sana , Naqvi Kaniz Zehra
Published: November 2021

Objective: To evaluate the postoperative abdominal wound problem after hysterectomy with scalpel versus electrocautery for skin and subcutaneous dissection. Material and Methods: A total of 516 post-menopausal women having age 40 to 65 years who were planned for elective hysterectomy were included in this study. Patients having only benign disorders were included. In group E (N=258); Skin incision and tissue dissection was done using electrocautery by setting the electrocautery machine at cutting mode at 30 to 50 watts’ power. In group S (N=258); conventional scalpel was used for skin incision. Scalpel number 23 was used for skin and subcutaneous tissue dissection. Post-operative wound complications such as seroma, hematoma, wound dehiscence and wound infections were primary study endpoints. Results: Mean age was 48.6±6.9 years in electrocautery and 49.2±6.3 years in scalpel group (p-value 0.30). Seroma formation was diagnosed in 98 (37.98%) patients in electrocautery group and in 52 (20.1%) patients in scalpel group (p-value <0.0001). Wound infections were diagnosed in 50 (19.3%) patients in electrocautery group versus in 87 (33.7%) patients in scalpel group (p-value 0.0002). Hematoma was diagnosed in 10 (3.87%) patients in electrocautery group and in 19 (7.4%) in scalpel group (p-value 0.08). Conclusion: The use of electrocautery is associated with lower rate of post-operative wound infections and hematoma formation. The present study advocates the use of electrocautery for skin and subcutaneous tissue dissection in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Keywords: Abdominal hysterectomy, electrocautery, scalpel, wound complications.
Burnout Syndrome among Students of a Private Medical College at Lahore
Authors: Sarfraz Farrukh , Zahid Latif Muhammad , Sarfraz Fahad , Ikram Sadia , Iqbal Nasir , Saleem Jawairia
Published: November 2021

Background: Background: Medical education is a dynamic and lifelong process directly linked with human life. The profession is supposed to minimize the human sufferings, prevent diseases and promote the healthy practices at individual and community level. Burnout in undergraduate medical education can influence the academics and overall well-being of the learners in a negative way, which will ultimately affect the process of learning. Objective: The current study was conducted to assess the magnitude of Burnout syndrome among the students of a private medical college. Study Design: Descriptive, cross sectional study design. Place & Duration: The study was conducted during the period of six months from September 2019 to March 2020 at Azra Naheed Medical College Lahore. Methodology: Non probability convenient sampling technique was used and all the students of 3rd and 4th year MBBS were invited for the study. Burnout was evaluated by using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS). Approval of institutional ethical review committee and informed consent from the participants were obtained. The collected data was organized, entered in the version 21 of SPSS and analyzed by the use of statistical tools. Results: Out of total 200 participants, 43.5% were females and 56.5 % were males, 55.5% were from 3rd year and 44.5% were from 4th year of MBBS class. The prevalence of high Burnout was found to be 45(22.5%). Gender and residence-based prevalence was studied and calculated P value of (0.87) and (0.41), showed no association. However, a statistically significant association of burnout, (P value 0.003) was found between the 3rd and 4th year MBBS classes. Conclusion: The study concludes that a substantial number of undergraduate medical students suffers from the Burnout syndrome which may influence the health, well-being and academic progress of students in a negative way. Preventive measures including counselling, early diagnosis and clinical management should be opted by the medical institutes. Key Words: Burnout, Medical Education, Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization
Remotely Supervised Home-Based Resistance Training and Orthostatic Tolerance in Young Physically Inactive Women During COVID-19
Authors: Merguerian Caroline , Smith Annika , Ives Stephen
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Orthostatic intolerance (OI) is the inability of the cardiovascular system to adequately adjust to gravity upon standing, resulting in lightheadedness or syncope. OI can be characteristic of pathology (e.g. postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome), which disproportionately affect women, and is compounded by inactivity. Thus, we tested the effects of remotely supervised home-based, 4-week resistance training (RT) program vs. control on the orthostatic stress response of previously inactive young females using the NASA Lean Test (NLT).
Methods:  Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures, and heart rate (HR) were assessed during the NLT, pre- and post-training, along with fitness and body composition in females randomized to RT or control (n=7).
Results: RT improved fitness (group*intervention, p=0.047) and fat-mass (-3.4±2.9 vs. +0.3±0.7Δlbs, p=0.037) over control. The NLT significantly altered SBP, DBP, and HR (all, p<0.01). For SBP, the interaction of group*intervention approached significance (p=0.071), lowering SBP in the RT group with the intervention. In DBP, the group*intervention was not significant (p=0.558). For HR, the group*intervention interaction approached significance (p=0.066).
Conclusions: In the current study, short-term remotely-supervised RT using bands tended to decrease SBP and HR during orthostatic stress in young, otherwise healthy, previously inactive females, suggesting improved health but perhaps not orthostatic tolerance.
Impact of climate variability on the yield of staple grain crops in Wudil local government area, Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: ADAMU Hassan , BUBA Luka Fitto , BELLO Nura Isyaku , ISIYAKA Hamza Ahmad , ALHAJI Muhammad , YAHAYA Tijjani Abdullahi
Published: November 2021

This study is centered on the impacts of climate variability on some cereals crop yields (sorghum, millet and maize) in Wudil local government area, Kano State. Climatic data were used that covers 1997–2017. Seasonal data were collected from Kano State Agricultural and Rural Development Authority where rainfall and crop yields data was collected. Geography Department, Kano State University of Science and Technology, Wudil, was where rainfall and temperature data were collected. Atmospheric humidity was derived by using 6.11 x 100 (7.5 x TC/ 237.7 +TC), were TC = Temperature in Degree Celsius. And also Evapotranspiration data was derived using 0.0023 (Tavg + 17.8) (Tmax _ Tmin) 0.5 Ra. Where Tavg, Tmax and Tmin are respectively mean, average, maximum and minimum temperature and Ra represents extraterrestrial radiation. Regression analysis was used to determine the impacts of climatic elements (rainfall, temperature, humidity and evapotranspiration) as an independent variables on crop yields (sorghum, millet and maize) as dependent variables; furthermore, standardize coefficient index were determined in order to know which climatic variable has more effects on the crop yields in the study area. The results obtained reveals that all the climatic elements were highly variable as no years with the same annual total except temperature which shows little annual variation over the study period. Climatic elements were found to have moderate impacts on the crop yields based on the regression coefficient of determination. However, rainfall was found to be the most influential variable on crop yields followed by atmospheric humidity, temperature and evapotranspiration based on standardize coefficients indices. In the situation of changing climate and weather variability and changing seasonal rainfall pattern in present and future, it is important to enhance the efficiency of rainfall and soil water use in crop cultivations. Adaptation of water saving/conserving technologies and identification of crops species and species-specific traits that improves crop water use efficiency of crops under rain-fed, irrigated and dry land farming system is recommended.
Rooting of black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) by treating of indole-3-acetic acid
Authors: SÖNMEZIŞIK Nazlıcan , ARSLANOĞLU Şahane Funda , ÖZTÜRK Rumeysa , BAŞTÜRK Mehmet Han
Published: November 2021

Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) is a perennial plant in the form of a shrub or semi-shrub in the Adoxaceae family. It spreads naturally in the Black Sea, Central Anatolia, Southern and Eastern Anatolia regions of Turkey. Black elderberry fruits are traditionally used as food and medicine in Europe. Hippocrates considered it the greatest medicinal plant of nature. In traditional treatment, its flowers are used as a diaphoretic analgesic. Its fruits are used to treat prostate and hemorrhoids; pharmaceutical products are used to treatment cold and flu symptoms. Propagation from seed is complex due to the plant's high seed dormancy. Therefore, the plant is propagated by cuttings. This study aimed to root the elderberry annual and biennial wood cuttings by IAA (Indol-3-Acetic Acid) application. Cuttings were taken on 09.11.2020 from annual and biennial wood branches, 10-15 cm long, with two nodes. On the same day, the cuttings were treated with 0-5-15-30 ppm doses of IAA for 15 seconds, then planted in 25x30 cm pots filled with a mixture of worm manure+peat+soil+perlite at a ratio of 1:1:1:1.5. According to the experimental design of split plots randomized blocks, the experiment was established in the greenhouse condition with 3 replications and 5 plants in each replicate (pot). In this research, it was observed that the first rooting was 17 days after planting. The root lengths were measured by removing them from the pots 120 days after planting, waiting for the strengthening of root development. As a result of the research, the best root length and development were determined by control (20.47 cm) and 30 ppm (22.53 cm) treatments. Annual cuttings (96%) are rooted better than biennial cuttings (76%). While the highest rooting rate in stem cuttings was obtained with 30 ppm (100%) IAA application, weak shoot development was observed in the identical wood cuttings. Control (93%) cuttings followed the rooting rate, but shoot development was better than other applications. As a result, considering the root length and shoot development, it was concluded that two-node annual wood cuttings taken in November could be used for rooting and reproduction without the need for IAA growth hormone
Trouble in Paradise
Authors: Hall Sam Gilchrist
Published: November 2021

Viewing utopias and histories as two sides of the same fantasy enables an interpretation of Henry Neville’s The Isle of Pines (1668) that reads it as both a caustic commentary on the problems inherent in monarchical government—especially when an absolute sovereign is dissolute—and a profoundly self-critical utopia. It is primarily through its complex and, at times, parodic inter- textuality with Exodus that this text offers an ironic commentary on the notion of paradise itself, a beguiling no-place, located in the dimmest recesses of the past, which continues to inspire blueprints for a better world.
Teletrauma
Authors: Fogarasi György
Published: November 2021

This paper seeks to trace the notion of distance in Edmund Burke’s Philosophical Enquiry, by first indicating how the critical distance between Burke and Kant can be rethought in terms of an intrapersonal distance within both; then, as a second move, by looking at Burke’s general theory of the passions as it differs from that of Locke; and thirdly, by moving to the more specific question of how the passion of fear or terror is related to both pain and the sublime – an investigation which in turn necessitates a focus on the way attention figures as a duplicitous shifter between an-aesthesis and suffering. Interestingly enough, while Burke conceptualizes the sublime as a passion based on mediation or distance, and therefore distinguishes it from “simple” fear, later it turns out that fear itself is far from being a “simple” notion for immediacy, since immediate danger or threat still presupposes a mere apprehension of pain, rather than pure pain itself. This double distance (between fear and the sublime, as well as between fear and pain), puts fear in an intermediate position, which is more traumatic than that of the sublime, but which contains an element of distance with relation to pain, and is therefore a form of “teletrauma,” an amalgam of an-aesthesis and suffering. Being thus positioned between the sublime and pain, fear appears as the site of contamination, where detachment and involvement merge. In this respect, it may serve as a conceptual tool for a critical rethinking of the problematic nature of both aesthetic distance and perceptual immediacy.
The Voice and the Facts
Authors: Juhász Tamás
Published: November 2021

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(un)Wordward Ho
Authors: Mihálycsa Erika
Published: November 2021

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Mission Statement
Authors: Péter Ágnes
Published: November 2021

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Who's Afraid of Content-Driven Criticism?
Authors: Friedrich Judit
Published: November 2021

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Dante Revisited
Authors: Mácsok Márta
Published: November 2021

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