bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The aggregation behaviors of organic radicals in polar fluorinated arenes
Authors: Liu Shan , Yang Yin , Liu Tianfei
Published: March 2024

Polar fluorinated arenes can promote organic free radical reactions, which have attracted scientists’ interest in recent years. However, it is still unknown how these solvents interact weakly with organic radical molecules to influence their reactivity. In this study, we investigated how organic free radicals aggregate in five polar fluorocarbon solvents, and demonstrated that different substituents can influence their aggregation behaviors. In these solvents, small organic radicals with simple substituents maintain a homogeneous solution; however, radicals with substituents that form intermolecular hydrogen bonds or with long‐chain aliphatic hydrocarbons tend to aggregate in them, whereas substituents of long‐chain aliphatic hydrocarbons tend to promote aggregation better. The critical aggregation concentrations of these aggregates are measured by concentration‐dependent UV–visible spectroscopy. Their topological morphologies are all spherical based on TEM. The compactness and rotational motivation speed of radical molecules within these aggregates are determined by EPR spectroscopy. The particle sizes of these aggregates are determined by analyzing their cyclic voltammograms. Most excitingly, electrochemical experiments reveal that the aggregation behaviors of free radical molecules with intermolecular hydrogen bonds can significantly increase their catalytic rate for electro‐oxidizing benzyl alcohol in such a solvent. The results of this study indicate that in polar fluorinated arenes organic radical molecules’ aggregation behaviors are related to their structures. This may provide guidelines for regulating organic radical reactivity in these solvents in the future.
Hyperbaric Oxygen‐Facilitated Cancer Treatment: A Minireview
Authors: Li Zi‐Heng , Zhang Xinping , Wu Fu‐Gen
Published: March 2024

Hypoxia in malignant tumors is a major factor in inducing the failure of clinical cancer treatment. Although several strategies have been developed to relieve hypoxia, most are still in the preclinical research phase. Therefore, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), an approved adjuvant therapy for alleviating hypoxia clinically, is an excellent choice for enhancing the efficacy of cancer treatment that is impeded by tumor hypoxia. In this minireview, recent advances in HBO‐facilitated cancer treatment, including clinical applications and nanomedicine‐mediated cancer therapy are introduced. At the end of this minireview, the potential challenges faced by HBO therapy before clinical use are discussed. It is hoped that this review will provide a reference for future clinical research on the application of HBO in cancer treatment.
Personalized strategies for academic success in learning anatomy: Exploring metacognitive and technological adaptation in medical students
Authors: Stambuk‐Castellano Mónica , Carrera Anna , Tubbs R. Shane , Alario‐Hoyos Carlos , Verdú Enric , Iwanaga Joe , Reina Francisco
Published: March 2024

Personalization of learning is an educational strategy rooted in metacognition and is significant in academic training. This is especially true in medical contexts. This study explored the relationship between the metacognitive profile of students of human anatomy, the classification of questions according to their difficulty, and the anatomical domain. It also covered the integration of educational technologies to create personalized learning environments. The identification of metacognitive profiles (“Active”, “Pragmatic”, “Theoretical”, and “Reflective”) has been highlighted as a critical influence on students' responses to different pedagogical approaches. Personalized adaptation based on these profiles has shown potential for improving grades and increasing student satisfaction and engagement with learning. The results revealed variations in student performance in relation to different pedagogical approaches, learning units, and evaluation modalities. The “Experience” evaluation modality, personalized according to metacognitive profiles, level of competence, and learning objectives, resulted in higher average scores. However, there was significant variability in the results. Those findings confirm the effectiveness of metacognitive adaptation in improving academic performance. Furthermore, they provide a solid basis for formulating personalized and effective pedagogical strategies in medical education. They recognize the influence of metacognitive profiles on student performance and contribute to advancing medical pedagogy.
Sex differences in the outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement with newer generation devices: A meta‐analysis
Authors: El Sherbini Adham H. , Servito Maria , Zidan Ali , Elsherif Salma , Ko Grace , Elgendy Islam Y. , Ya'Qoub Lina
Published: March 2024

Background

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a reasonable therapeutic approach among patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis irrespective of surgical risk. Data regarding sex‐specific differences in the outcomes with newer generation valves are limited.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched for studies assessing sex differences in the outcomes of patients undergoing TAVR with newer generation valves (SAPIEN 3 or Evolut). Random effects model was constructed for summary estimates.

Results

Four observational studies with 4522 patients (44.8% women) were included in the meta‐analysis. Women were older and had a lower prevalence of coronary artery disease and mean EuroScore. Women had a higher incidence of short‐term mortality (up to 30 days) (risk ratio [RR]: 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–2.25), but no difference in 1‐year mortality (RR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.72–1.17). There was no significant difference in the incidence of major bleeding (RR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.86–1.57), permanent pacemaker (PPM) (RR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.62–1.04), or disabling stroke (RR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.54–2.45).

Conclusion

In this meta‐analysis, we found that women undergoing TAVR with newer‐generation devices were older but had a lower prevalence of comorbidities. Women had a higher incidence of short‐term mortality but no difference in the 1‐year mortality, bleeding, PPM, or stroke compared with men. Future studies are required to confirm these findings.
Non‐invasive assessment of hepatic steatosis by ultrasound‐derived fat fraction in individuals at high‐risk for metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Tavaglione Federica , Flagiello Valentina , Terracciani Francesca , Gallo Paolo , Capparelli Emma , Spiezia Chiara , De Vincentis Antonio , Palermo Andrea , Scriccia Sara , Galati Giovanni , Napoli Nicola , Daniels Samuel J. , Blau Jenny E. , Carlsson Björn , Khazrai Yeganeh M. , Incalzi Raffaele Antonelli , Picardi Antonio , Vespasiani‐Gentilucci Umberto
Published: March 2024

Aims

Given the increasing number of individuals developing metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and the low rate of those with progressive liver disease, there is a pressing need to conceive affordable biomarkers to assess MASLD in general population settings. Herein, we aimed to investigate the performance of the ultrasound‐derived fat fraction (UDFF) for hepatic steatosis in high‐risk individuals.

Methods

A total of 302 Europeans with obesity, type 2 diabetes, or a clinical history of hepatic steatosis were included in the analyses. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging data were collected using standardized procedures during a single screening visit in Rome, Italy. Hepatic steatosis was defined by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) or ultrasound‐based Hamaguchi's score. UDFF performance for hepatic steatosis was estimated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results

Overall, median (IQR) UDFF was 12% (7–20). UDFF was positively correlated with CAP (ρ = 0.73, p < 0.0001) and Hamaguchi's score (ρ = 0.79, p < 0.0001). Independent predictors of UDFF were circulating triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and ultrasound‐measured visceral adipose tissue (VAT). UDFF AUC was 0.89 (0.85–0.93) and 0.92 (0.88–0.95) for CAP‐ and ultrasound‐diagnosed hepatic steatosis, respectively. UDFF AUC for hepatic steatosis was higher than those of fatty liver index (FLI), hepatic steatosis index (HSI), CAP‐score (CAPS), and ALT (p < 0.0001). Lower age, ALT, and VAT were associated with discordance between UDFF and ultrasound.

Conclusions

UDFF may be a simple and accurate imaging biomarker to assess hepatic steatosis and monitor changes in hepatic fat content over time or in response to therapeutic interventions beyond clinical trials.
Myb overexpression synergizes with the loss of Pten and is a dependency factor and therapeutic target in T‐cell lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Almeida André , T'Sas Sara , Pagliaro Luca , Fijalkowski Igor , Sleeckx Wouter , Van Steenberge Hannah , Zamponi Raffaella , Lintermans Béatrice , Van Loocke Wouter , Palhais Bruno , Reekmans Alexandra , Bardelli Valentina , Demoen Lisa , Reunes Lindy , Deforce Dieter , Van Nieuwerburgh Filip , Kentsis Alex , Ntziachristos Panagiotis , Van Roy Nadine , De Moerloose Barbara , Mecucci Cristina , La Starza Roberta , Roti Giovanni , Goossens Steven , Van Vlierberghe Pieter , Pieters Tim
Published: March 2024

T‐lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy that accounts for 10%–15% of pediatric and 25% of adult ALL cases. Although the prognosis of T‐ALL has improved over time, the outcome of T‐ALL patients with primary resistant or relapsed leukemia remains poor. Therefore, further progress in the treatment of T‐ALL requires a better understanding of its biology and the development of more effective precision oncologic therapies. The proto‐oncogene MYB is highly expressed in diverse hematologic malignancies, including T‐ALLs with genomic aberrations that further potentiate its expression and activity. Previous studies have associated MYB with a malignant role in the pathogenesis of several cancers. However, its role in the induction and maintenance of T‐ALL remains relatively poorly understood. In this study, we found that an increased copy number of MYB is associated with higher MYB expression levels, and might be associated with inferior event‐free survival of pediatric T‐ALL patients. Using our previously described conditional Myb overexpression mice, we generated two distinct MYB‐driven T‐ALL mouse models. We demonstrated that the overexpression of Myb synergizes with Pten deletion but not with the overexpression of Lmo2 to accelerate the development of T‐cell lymphoblastic leukemias. We also showed that MYB is a dependency factor in T‐ALL since RNA interference of Myb blocked cell cycle progression and induced apoptosis in both human and murine T‐ALL cell lines. Finally, we provide preclinical evidence that targeting the transcriptional activity of MYB can be a useful therapeutic strategy for the treatment of T‐ALL.
Usefulness of KIT mutant transcript levels for monitoring measurable residual disease in t (8;21) acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Sun Yuan , Wang Xu , Chen Wen‐Min , Hao Yue , Li Ling‐Di , Li Jin‐Ying , Sun Kai , Shi Zong‐Yan , Jiang Hao , Jiang Qian , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Qin Ya‐Zhen
Published: March 2024

In addition to RUNX1::RUNX1T1 transcript levels, measurable residual disease monitoring using KIT mutant (KITmut) DNA level is reportedly predictive of relapse in t (8; 21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the usefulness of KITmut transcript levels remains unknown. A total of 202 bone marrow samples collected at diagnosis and during treatment from 52 t (8; 21) AML patients with KITmut (D816V/H/Y or N822K) were tested for KITmut transcript levels using digital polymerase chain reaction. The individual optimal cutoff values of KITmut were identified by performing receiver operating characteristics curve analysis for relapse at each of the following time points: at diagnosis, after achieving complete remission (CR), and after Course 1 and 2 consolidations. The cutoff values were used to divide the patients into the KITmut‐high (KIT_H) group and the KITmut‐low (KIT_L) group. The KIT_H patients showed significantly lower relapse‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates than the KIT_L patients after Course 1 consolidation (p = 0.0040 and 0.021, respectively) and Course 2 consolidation (p = 0.018 and 0.011, respectively) but not at diagnosis and CR. The <3‐log reduction in the RUNX1::RUNX1T1 transcript levels after Course 2 consolidation was an independent adverse prognostic factor for RFS and OS. After Course 2 consolidation, the KIT_H patients with >3‐log reduction in the RUNX1::RUNX1T1 transcript levels (11/45; 24.4%) had similar RFS as that of patients with <3‐log reduction in the RUNX1::RUNX1T1 transcript levels. The combination of KITmut and RUNX1::RUNX1T1 transcript levels after Course 2 consolidation may improve risk stratification in t (8; 21) AML patient with KIT mutation.
Bioactive poly(salicylic acid)‐poly(citric acid) scaffolds improve diabetic wound repair via regulating HIF‐1α, Nrf2 and macrophage
Authors: Xie Chenxi , Ma Junping , Luo Meng , Wang Yidan , Lei Bo
Published: March 2024

Diabetic wounds environment is over‐oxidized, over‐inflammatory, leading to difficulties in regenerating blood vessels, and retardation of healing in diabetic wounds. Therefore, diabetic wounds can be treated from the perspective of scavenging oxidative free radicals and reducing the level of inflammation. Herein, we report a bioactive poly(salicylic acid)‐poly(citric acid) (FPSa‐PCG) hydrogel for diabetic wound repair. The FPSa‐PCG hydrogel shows abilities of antioxidation, anti‐inflammation, and regulation of macrophage phenotype. The FPSa‐PCG hydrogel showed good biocompatibility, and obtain the abilities of promotion of macrophages migration, reduction of ROS generation, suppression of the M1‐type macrophage polarization. FPSa and PCG could synergistically enhance the angiogenesis through upregulating the mRNA expression of HIF1Α, VEGF, and CD31 in endothelial cells and reduce the ROS level of macrophages through upregulating the mRNA expression of Nrf2. The in vivo diabetic wound model confirmed the promoting effect of FPSa‐PCG hydrogel on wound closure in diabetes. The further studies found that FPSa‐PCG hydrogel could induce the CD31 protein expression in the subcutaneous tissue and inhibit the TNF‐a protein expression. This work shows that the simple composition FPSa‐PCG hydrogel has a promising therapeutic potential in the treatment of diabetic wounds.
Preparation of calcium phosphate ion clusters through atomization method for biomimetic mineralization of enamel
Authors: Dong Haide , Qiu Lin , Zhu Chen , Fan Wuzhe , Liu Li , Deng Quanfu , Zhang Huan , Yang Weihu , Cai Kaiyong
Published: March 2024

Dental enamel is a mineralized extracellular matrix, and enamel defect is a common oral disease. However, the self‐repair capacity of enamel is limited due to the absence of cellular components and organic matter. Efficacy of biomimetic enamel mineralization using calcium phosphate ion clusters (CPICs), is an effective method to compensate for the limited self‐healing ability of fully developed enamel. Preparing and stabilizing CPICs presents a significant challenge, as the addition of certain stabilizers can diminish the mechanical properties or biosafety of mineralized enamel. To efficiently and safely repair enamel damage, this study quickly prepared CPICs without stabilizers using the atomization method. The formed CPICs were evenly distributed on the enamel surface, prompting directional growth and transformation of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals. The study revealed that the mended enamel displayed comparable morphology, chemical composition, hardness, and mechanical properties to those of the original enamel. The approach of repairing dental enamel by utilizing ultrasonic nebulization of CPICs is highly efficient and safe, therefore indicating great promise.
Electron‐translucency and partial defects of synaptic basal lamina in the electrocyte synapse of an electric ray (Narke japonica) in 3D embedment‐free section electron microscopy
Authors: Chomphoo Surang , Kondo Hisatake , Hipkaeo Wiphawi
Published: March 2024

The synaptic basal lamina of the electrocytes was disclosed to be electron‐translucent to some extent when viewed in an en‐face direction in embedment‐free section transmission electron microscopy (EFS‐TEM), and synaptic vesicles located close to the presynaptic membrane were seen through the synaptic basal lamina together with the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes. This feature of translucency has the potential to analyze possible spatial interrelations in situ between bioactive molecules in the synaptic basal lamina and the synaptic vesicles in further studies. The synaptic basal lamina, appearing as an electron‐dense line sandwiched by two parallel lines representing the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes in ultrathin sections cut right to the synaptic junctional plane in conventional TEM, was not fully continuous but randomly intermittent along its trajectory. Compatible with the intermittent line appearance, the en‐face 3D view in embedment‐free section TEM revealed for the first time partial irregular defects of the synaptic basal lamina. Considering the known functional significance of several molecules contained in the synaptic basal lamina in the maintenance and exertion of the synapse, its partial defects may not represent its rigid structural features, but its immature structure under remodeling or its dynamic changes in consistency such as the sol/gel transition, whose validity needs further examination.

Research Highlights

In embedment‐free section TEM, a 3D en‐face view of synaptic basal lamina in situ is reliably possible.

The basal lamina en‐face is electron‐translucent, which makes it possible to analyze spatial interrelation between pre‐ and post‐synaptic components.

Partial irregular defects in the basal lamina are revealed in Torpedo electrocytes, suggesting its remodeling or dynamic changes in consistency.
A cadaveric study of the posterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament of the shoulder and its dynamic behaviour in different arm positions
Authors: Nourissat Geoffroy , Bastard Claire , Cammas Claire , Salabi Vincent , Billaud Anselme
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) is composed of three parts: the anterior branch or band (AB), the axillary pouch and the posterior band (PB). The latter has rarely been studied. We aim to describe the PB of the IGHL and its dynamic behaviour in different arm positions.

Methods

Twelve fresh cadaveric shoulders were used and the two bands (AB and PB) of the IGHL were dissected and isolated, taking away all muscle, ligaments and capsule. Characteristics of the bands were studied in five positions: maximum external rotation (ER1), abduction (ABD), internal rotation (IR), ABD external rotation (ER2) and anterior elevation–adduction–IR (Hawkins–Kennedy test position). Progressive and randomized sectioning of the bands and capsule with a scalpel was performed to study its impact on mobility and translation of the glenohumeral joint.

Results

The bands that tensioned first were in ER1, the AB at 97 ± 9° (80–110); in ER2, the AB at 81 ± 19° (30–100); in IR, the PB at 64 ± 9° (50–80); and in ABD, the PB at 87 ± 10° (70–105). Isolated sectioning of the AB had no effect on ABD, whilst isolated sectioning of the PB allowed greater ABD. In ER2, the AB limited anterior translation. After sectioning the AB, anterior translation remained limited by the PB, which wrapped around the humeral head and locked the joint by pressing the two joint surfaces tightly together. In Hawkins–Kennedy position anterior elevation–adduction–IR, the AB is the first constraint and the posterior translation was limited by the PB alone only in four cases.

Conclusions

When the IGHL is isolated, ligament limitation of glenohumeral ABD seems to be uniquely dependent on the PB. In the Hawkins and Kennedy position, the AB is the first constraint. In the case of an isolated lesion to the AB, the PB participates in anterior stabilization of the shoulder by wrapping around the humeral head that cannot dislocate. These findings confirm the role of the PB in glenohumeral joint stability.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Cigarette smoke extract exacerbates progression of osteoarthritic‐like changes in cartilage explant cultures
Authors: DiNicola Emily Sawvell , Martinez Andrea Vera , Walker Lizzie , Wu Yongren , Burnikel Brian G. , Mercuri Jeremy
Published: March 2024

Established risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA) include obesity, joint injury, age, race, and genetics. However, the relationship between cigarette smoking and OA has yet to be established. In the present study, we have employed the use of cigarette smoke extract (CSE), the water‐soluble vapor phase of cigarette smoke, with porcine cartilage explants to investigate the effects of cigarette smoking on cartilage catabolism at the tissue level. Articular cartilage explants were first exposed to 2.5%, 5%, and 10% CSE to assess its effects on cartilage homeostasis. Following, the effects of CSE on OA‐like inflammation was observed by culturing explants with a combined treatment of IL‐1β and TNF‐α and 10% CSE (CSE + OA). Cartilage explants were assessed for changes in viability, biochemical composition, extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity, and equilibrium mechanical properties (aggregate modulus and hydraulic permeability). CSE alone leads to both a time‐ and dose‐dependent decrease in chondrocyte viability but does not significantly affect sGAG content, percent sGAG loss, or the ECM integrity of cartilage explants. When IL‐1β and TNF‐α were combined with 10% CSE, this led to a synergistic effect with more significant losses in viability, significantly more sGAG loss, and significantly higher production of ROS than OA‐like inflammation only. Cartilage explant equilibrium mechanical properties were unaffected. Within the timeframe of this study, CSE alone does not cause OA but when combined with OA‐like inflammation leads to worsened articular cartilage degeneration as measured by chondrocyte viability, sGAG loss, proteoglycan staining, and ROS production.
Fully automatic quantitation of eight different metabolites in coffee using 1H‐NMR spectroscopy and the PULCON methodology
Authors: Gottstein Vera , Lachenmeier Dirk W. , Kuballa Thomas , Bunzel Mirko
Published: March 2024

Background

Coffee contains a plethora of constituents with some of them being especially important either due to their physiological effects or as quality markers. As quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐NMR) has been established as a fast and reliable analytical tool its application was evaluated for the simultaneous quantitation of lactic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, caffeine, caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) isomers, N‐methylpyridinium, trigonelline, and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in aqueous extracts of roasted Coffea arabica samples.

Results

Simultaneous quantitative determination was achieved by an automated analysis based on the PULCON methodology (pulse length‐based concentration determination). The method was validated regarding linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ). Recovery rates were between 76% (CQA) and 116% (HMF), and precision was between 1.7% (caffeine) and 10.3% (HMF). The LOD varied between 0.06 g/kg (HMF) and 1.35 g/kg (caffeine and CQA), with the LOQ being between 0.22 g/kg (HMF) and 4.87 g/kg (CQA). To verify the results of the 1H‐NMR method, caffeine, trigonelline, HMF, 3‐CQA, 4‐CQA, and 5‐CQA were additionally quantitated by HPLC‐DAD and the results were compared. The described 1H‐NMR method was additionally applied to coffee samples that contained different coffee defects. Results showed only slight changes in the concentrations of the analytes by adding defective beans to defect‐free coffee.

Discussion

The developed 1H‐NMR approach was proven to be fast (30 min), reliable, and precise. Thus, it is well suited to analyze several coffee constituents of interest in a large number of samples in, for example, quality control.
Caliper‐verified unrestricted kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty in Asian patients showed efficacious mid‐ to long‐term results regardless of postoperative alignment categories
Authors: Won Seok‐Hyung , Eim Seong‐Hyuk , Shen Quan‐Hu , Kim Kwang‐Kyoun , Won Ye‐Yeon
Published: March 2024

Purpose

There have been insufficient data regarding the long‐term results of unrestricted kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty (unKATKA) in Asian patients. We investigated mid‐ to long‐term clinical and radiological follow‐up data of Korean patients after caliper‐verified unKATKA of minimum 7.4–10 years including categorised data of postoperative tibial component, limb and knee alignment. Additionally, we analysed the preoperative distribution and postoperative restoration of coronal plane alignment of knee (CPAK) phenotypes.

Methods

This study is a retrospective analysis of 63 patients: 96 osteoarthritic underwent consecutive caliper‐verified unKATKA between October 2013 and May 2016 by a single surgeon. Implant survivorship was investigated for revision for any reason. Each knee was categorised into an in‐range or outlier group by three postoperative alignment parameters: tibial component, knee and limb alignment. Statistical analyses were done for any significant differences in clinical scores and implant survival rates between groups. Finally, all knees were classified into CPAK classification postoperatively and postoperatively. The CPAK restoration rate was calculated.

Results

Among 85 knees in the clinically confirmed group, implant survival was 98.8%. There was one case of revision due to periprosthetic fracture. The percentage postoperatively aligned in the varus (valgus) outlier range was 100% (0%) for tibial component, 16.7% (24.8%) for the knee alignment and 51% (0%) for the limb alignment. All three categories did not affect implant survival or clinical scores. Eighty one out of 96 knees (84.4%) were restored to their CPAK phenotype postoperatively.

Conclusion

With the limitation of a case series having a small number of patients and gender deviation, our study suggests that caliper‐verified unKATKA could be a good option regardless of geographical variation of constitutional alignment in patients with osteoarthritis (OA).

Level of Evidence

Level IV, therapeutic study.
A new neural network model that detects graft ruptures and contralateral anterior cruciate ligament injuries
Authors: Usami Shintaro , Kimura Yuka , Matsuzaka Masashi , Sasaki Yoshihiro , Sasaki Shizuka , Sasaki Eiji , Tsuda Eiichi , Ishibashi Yasuyuki
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop a neural network model for predicting second anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk following ACL reconstruction using patient features from medical records.

Methods

Of 486 consecutive patients who underwent primary unilateral ACL reconstruction, 386 patients (198 women, 188 men) with a mean age of 25.1 ± 11.6 years were included in this study. Fifty‐eight features, including demographic data, surgical, preoperative and postoperative data, were retrospectively collected from medical records, and features with an incidence of less than 5% were excluded. Finally, 14 features were used for the analysis. The multilayer perceptron was composed of four hidden layers with a rectified linear unit as activation and was trained to maximise the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (auROC). Subsequently, validation was carried out through a rigorous threefold cross‐validation process. To ascertain the most efficacious combination of features with the highest auROC, a single feature with the least impact on auROC maximisation was systematically eliminated from the comprehensive variable set, ultimately resulting in the retention of a mere two variables.

Results

The median follow‐up period was 50.5 (24–142) months. Fifty‐seven knees had a second ACL injury, with a graft rupture rate of 7.7% and a contralateral injury rate of 6.9%. The maximum auROC for predicting graft rupture was 0.81 with two features: young age and hamstring graft. Meanwhile, the maximum auROC for predicting contralateral ACL injury was 0.74 with seven features, including young age, presence of medial meniscus tear, small body mass index, hamstring graft, female sex and medial meniscus repair or treatment.

Conclusion

A neural network model with patient features from medical records detected graft ruptures and contralateral ACL injuries with acceptable accuracy. This model can serve as a new, useful tool in clinical practice to inform decisions about ACL reconstruction and retuning to sports postoperatively.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Men and women undergoing total hip arthroplasty have different clinical presentations before surgery and different outcomes at 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Rossi Nicolò , Nannini Alessandra , Ulivi Michele , Sirtori Paolo , Banfi Giuseppe , Tomaiuolo Rossella , de Girolamo Laura , Mangiavini Laura , Peretti Giuseppe M.
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of sex on patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) for hip osteoarthritis (HOA), aiming to assess the clinical and functional outcomes using patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Methods

A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing THA at Ospedale Galeazzi‐Sant'Ambrogio between 2016 and 2022 was conducted. Inclusion criteria encompassed Kellgren–Lawrence grade III or IV HOA, with preoperative and 12‐month postoperative PROMs. Enroled patients have been selected from a larger cohort without matching design for confounders. The analyses were performed using R software v4.0.3 (R Core Team) and data distributions were assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test.

Results

One hundred ninety patients (72 male and 118 female) who had both preoperative and postoperative PROMs have been analysed from our institutional prosthesis registry (Datareg). Baseline and 12‐month post‐THA PROMs showed significant improvements overall. VAS score dropped notably from baseline to 3 months postsurgery (7.1 ± 2.1 vs. 0.9 ± 1.7). Functional and mental PROMs, including Harris Hip Score‐functional (HHS‐F), Harris Hip Score‐total (HHS‐t), SF‐12PS and SF‐12MS, exhibited substantial improvements post‐THA. Stratifying by sex, males had lower baseline VAS, higher HHS‐F, SF‐12MS and hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score‐physical function short form (HOOS‐PS). At 12 months, males displayed significantly better VAS, HHS‐F, SF‐12PS and HOOS‐PS scores. Complication rates were minimal (1.5%), with stable rates across genders, mostly involving dislocation and periprosthetic fractures. Implant survival at 12 months reached an impressive 99%.

Conclusion

THA remains an effective treatment for severe HOA. However, females presented with worse baseline conditions and showed relatively less improvement at 1‐year postsurgery compared to males. This difference could be attributed to physiological and psychosocial factors associated with sex, including hormonal changes, muscle mass decline and perception of pain. Longer follow‐ups and prospective studies are necessary to validate these findings and facilitate personalised approaches in HOA treatment, emphasising the need for careful consideration of sex‐related variables in clinical decision‐making for THA patients.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Organic Photoplethysmography Sensor Based on Directional Emission Microcavity Organic Light‐Emitting Device
Authors: Zhu Hao , Yu Hongwei , Zhang Jiaming , Zhang Yiqi , Zhang Letian , Liu Shihao , Xie Wenfa
Published: March 2024

Wearable photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors provide real‐time monitoring of essential human health parameters by integrating a light source with a photodetector. However, they face a common challenge: the presence of a faint pulsating (AC) signal amidst a highly noisy and drifting non‐pulsatile background. This necessitates fine‐tuning how the light is spread out to make sure that a significant number of emitted photons carry vital physiological information and trigger the detector's photocurrent. An innovative organic PPG sensor with a microcavity organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) that emits light in a controlled direction, coupled with an annular organic photodetector (OPD) is demonstrated here. By adjusting the OLED's cavity lengths, the microcavity resonance peak is shifted, achieving angled directional emission. Placing the microcavity OLEDs at the center of the annular OPD enhances the portion of light that reflects from arterial vessels in the skin and tissues. This increases the AC signal for recording arterial vessel pulsations by 47.66%. This advancement simplifies sensor recognition and achieves an unprecedented low power consumption of only 9.96 µW for heart rate sensing, meeting essential recognition criteria.
Porous Anisometric PNIPAM Microgels: Tailored Porous Structure and Thermal Response
Authors: Steinbeck Lea , Wolff Hanna J. M. , Middeldorf Maximilian , Linkhorst John , Wessling Matthias
Published: March 2024

The porous structure of microgels significantly influences their properties and, thus, their suitability for various applications, in particular as building blocks for tissue scaffolds. Porosity is one of the crucial features for microgel–cell interactions and significantly increases the cells' accumulation and proliferation. Consequently, tailoring the porosity of microgels in an effortless way is important but still challenging, especially for nonspherical microgels. This work presents a straightforward procedure to fabricate complex‐shaped poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels with tuned porous structures using the so‐called cononsolvency effect during microgel polymerization. Therefore, the classical solvent in the reaction solution is exchanged from water to water–methanol mixtures in a stop‐flow lithography process. For cylindrical microgels with a higher methanol content during fabrication, a greater degree of collapsing is observed, and their aspect ratio increases. Furthermore, the collapsing and swelling velocities change with the methanol content, indicating a modified porous structure, which is confirmed by electron microscopy micrographs. Furthermore, swelling patterns of the microgel variants occur during cooling, revealing their thermal response as a highly heterogeneous process. These results show a novel procedure to fabricate PNIPAM microgels of any elongated 2D shape with tailored porous structure and thermoresponsiveness by introducing the cononsolvency effect during stop‐flow lithography polymerization.
Effects of Mucosal Decongestion on Nasal Aerodynamics: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hamdan Ahmad T. , Cherobin Giancarlo B. , Voegels Richard L. , Rhee John S. , Garcia Guilherme J. M.
Published: March 2024

Objective

Mucosal decongestion with nasal sprays is a common treatment for nasal airway obstruction. However, the impact of mucosal decongestion on nasal aerodynamics and the physiological mechanism of nasal airflow sensation are incompletely understood. The objective of this study is to compare nasal airflow patterns in nasal airway obstruction (NAO) patients with and without mucosal decongestion and nondecongested healthy subjects.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional study of a convenience sample.

Setting

Academic tertiary medical center.

Methods

Forty‐five subjects were studied (15 nondecongested healthy subjects, 15 nondecongested NAO patients, and 15 decongested NAO patients). Three‐dimensional models of the nasal anatomy were created from computed tomography scans. Steady‐state simulations of airflow and heat transfer were conducted at 15 L/min inhalation rate using computational fluid dynamics.

Results

In the narrow side of the nose, unilateral nasal resistance was similar in decongested NAO patients and nondecongested healthy subjects, but substantially higher in nondecongested NAO patients. The vertical airflow distribution within the nasal cavity (inferior vs middle vs superior) was also similar in decongested NAO patients and nondecongested healthy subjects, but nondecongested NAO patients had substantially less middle airflow. Mucosal cooling, quantified by the surface area where heat flux exceeds 50 W/m2, was significantly higher in decongested NAO patients than in nondecongested NAO patients.

Conclusion

This pilot study suggests that mucosal decongestion improves objective measures of nasal airflow, which is consistent with improved subjective sensation of nasal patency after decongestion.
Adherence to Reporting Guidelines in Major Otolaryngology Publications
Authors: Zhang Jinghan , Johnson Romaine F.
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study is to determine the adherence rate to reporting guidelines in published otolaryngology research. We performed an evidence‐based review of all original clinical research published in 2021 in five otolaryngology journals for adherence to the appropriate guideline for the study type by evaluating whether the corresponding reporting guideline was mentioned in the body of the published manuscript. There were 1140 original research articles included in this study. Most studies were observational, for which the STROBE reporting guidelines are recommended (n = 791, 70.3%). All studies had an average adherence rate of 16.8% (n = 192/1140). The STROBE adherence rate was 4.9%, with JAMA Otolaryngology having the highest proportion of observation studies using the STROBE guidelines (23/49, 46.9%). Reporting guidelines are important tools to use in presenting original research. The use of these guidelines varies in the otolaryngology literature and highlights the ongoing need to support research reproducibility and usefulness.
GaN Drift Layers on Sapphire and GaN Substrates for 1.2 kV Class Vertical Power Devices
Authors: Brunner Frank , Brusaterra Enrico , Bahat‐Treidel Eldad , Hilt Oliver , Weyers Markus
Published: March 2024

The development of processes for epitaxial growth of vertical gallium nitride (GaN) drift layers enabling 1.2 kV breakdown voltage on low‐cost sapphire substrates is presented in comparison to GaN bulk substrates. The targeted blocking capability demands drift layers with a thickness of 10 μm and low but controllable n‐type doping. Using a growth rate of 2.5 μm h−1 the concentration of unintentionally incorporated carbon is sufficiently low to adjust the n‐type carrier concentration to ≈1 × 1016 cm−3 for all types of substrates. To assess GaN drift region properties in terms of forward bias conductivity and reverse bias blocking strength, a quasi‐vertical p‐n‐diode structure is utilized. Bow reduction of GaN‐on‐sapphire structures is achieved using a stealth laser scribing process. Breakdown voltages higher than 1600 V and a specific on‐state resistance as low as 0.7 mΩ cm2 are obtained with diodes fabricated on GaN substrates. Similar structures grown on sapphire show breakdown voltages of about 1300 V due to higher levels of current leakage. Comparing different types of substrates, a direct correlation between dislocation density in the drift layer with the leakage current in p‐n diodes is deduced.
Boosting the Spanish Urban Agenda through urban living labs: The case study of Madrid
Authors: Diaz‐Sarachaga Jose Manuel , Sánchez‐Cañete Francisco José Moreno
Published: March 2024

The Spanish Urban Agenda (SUA) intends to promote sustainable development through the implementation of the 2030 Agenda at the local level. Since all world stakeholders are called to participate in the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, diverse instruments adopting a collaborative approach between social actors have gained importance. Among them, urban living labs (ULLs) involve distinct participants to handle urban issues by proposing and testing solutions. This research determines the role of ULLs conducted in Madrid since 2000 as drivers of the SUA. A two‐tier methodology was adopted to develop a framework after first conducting an in‐depth literature review to identify key features of ULLs. Second, the connection between the SUA and ULLs was defined. Findings revealed a limited impact of the analyzed labs in reaching the SUA. The under‐representation of social agents undermines the effectiveness of ULLs. A higher engagement of public institutions is recommended to overcome this shortcoming.
How does worker mobility affect business adoption of a new technology? The case of machine learning
Authors: Chen Ruyu , Balasubramanian Natarajan , Forman Chris
Published: March 2024

Research Summary

We investigate how worker mobility influences the adoption of a new technology using state‐level changes to the enforceability of noncompete agreements as an exogenous shock to worker mobility. Using data on over 153,000 establishments from 2010 and 2018, we find that changes that facilitate worker movements are associated with a significant decline in the likelihood of adoption of machine learning. Moreover, we find that the magnitude of decline depends upon the size of the establishment, the extent of predictive analytics adoption in its industry, and the number of large establishments in the same industry‐location. These results are consistent with the view that increases in outward worker mobility increase costs for adoption of a new technology that involves significant downstream investments in the early years of its diffusion.

Managerial Summary

Successful business adoption of new technologies such as machine learning requires skilled workers with experience in implementing those technologies. In the early years of technology diffusion workers in early adopting businesses typically acquire these skills through on‐the‐job learning that is paid for by the adopter. So, if such early adopters face an increased risk of those skilled workers quitting, then their incentives to adopt the technology decrease. We examine this possibility using changes in noncompete enforceability as a proxy for changes in worker mobility and find that the likelihood of adopting machine learning decreases as the risk of worker mobility increases, particularly for larger establishments, establishments in industries where adoption may be more beneficial and in locations with many large competing establishments.
Highly Selective and Reversible Detection of Simulated Breath Hydrogen Sulfide Using Fe‐Doped CuO Hollow Spheres: Enhanced Surface Redox Reaction by Multi‐Valent Catalysts
Authors: Kim Ki Beom , Sohn Myung Sung , Min Sunhong , Yoon Ji‐Wook , Park Jin‐Sung , Li Ju , Moon Young Kook , Kang Yun Chan
Published: March 2024

The precise and reversible detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) at high humidity condition, a malodorous and harmful volatile sulfur compound, is essential for the self‐assessment of oral diseases, halitosis, and asthma. However, the selective and reversible detection of trace concentrations of H2S (≈0.1 ppm) in high humidity conditions (exhaled breath) is challenging because of irreversible H2S adsorption/desorption at the surface of chemiresistors. The study reports the synthesis of Fe‐doped CuO hollow spheres as H2S gas‐sensing materials via spray pyrolysis. 4 at.% of Fe‐doped CuO hollow spheres exhibit high selectivity (response ratio ≥ 34.4) over interference gas (ethanol, 1 ppm) and reversible sensing characteristics (100% recovery) to 0.1 ppm of H2S under high humidity (relative humidity 80%) at 175 °C. The effect of multi‐valent transition metal ion doping into CuO on sensor reversibility is confirmed through the enhancement of recovery kinetics by doping 4 at.% of Ti‐ or Nb ions into CuO sensors. Mechanistic details of these excellent H2S sensing characteristics are also investigated by analyzing the redox reactions and the catalytic activity change of the Fe‐doped CuO sensing materials. The selective and reversible detection of H2S using the Fe‐doped CuO sensor suggested in this work opens a new possibility for halitosis self‐monitoring.
A Photo‐induced Cross‐Linking Enhanced A and B Combined Multi‐Functional Spray Hydrogel Instantly Protects and Promotes of Irregular Dynamic Wound Healing
Authors: Zhong Guofeng , Lei Pengkun , Guo Peng , Yang Qin , Duan Yun , Zhang Junbo , Qiu Mengyu , Gou Kaijun , Zhang Chen , Qu Yan , Zeng Rui
Published: March 2024

Wounds in harsh environments can face long‐term inflammation and persistent infection, which can slow healing. Wound spray is a product that can be rapidly applied to large and irregularly dynamic wounds, and can quickly form a protective film in situ to inhibit external environmental infection. In this study, a biodegradable A and B combined multi‐functional spray hydrogel is developed with methacrylate‐modified chitosan (CSMA1st) and ferulic acid (FA) as type A raw materials and oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide (OBSP) as type B raw materials. The precursor CSMA1st‐FA/OBSP (CSOB‐FA1st) hydrogel is formed by the self‐cross‐linking of dynamic Schiff base bonds, the CSMA‐FA/OBSP (CSOB‐FA) hydrogel is formed quickly after UV–vis light, so that the hydrogel fits with the wound. Rapid spraying and curing provide sufficient flexibility and rapidity for wounds and the hydrogel has good injectability, adhesive, and mechanical strength. In rats and miniature pigs, the A and B combined spray hydrogel can shrink wounds and promote healing of infected wounds, and promote the enrichment of fibrocyte populations. Therefore, the multifunctional spray hydrogel combined with A and B can protect irregular dynamic wounds, prevent wound infection and secondary injury, and be used for safe and effective wound treatment, which has a good prospect for development.
Modulating Electronic Structure of Iridium Single‐Atom Anchored on 3D Fe‐Doped β‐Ni(OH)2 Catalyst with Nanopyramid Array Structure for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Kang Hongjun , Qiao Xianshu , Jia Xin , Wang Xinzhi , Hou Guangyao , Wu Xiaohong , Qin Wei
Published: March 2024

Developing high‐performance electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial in the pursuit of clean and sustainable hydrogen energy, yet still challenging. Herein, a spontaneous redox strategy is reported to achieve iridium single‐atoms anchored on hierarchical nanosheet‐based porous Fe doped β‐Ni(OH)2 pyramid array electrodes (SAs Ir/Fe‐β‐Ni(OH)2), which exhibits high OER performance with a low overpotential of 175 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a remarkable OER current density in alkaline electrolyte, surpassing Fe‐β‐Ni(OH)2/NF and IrO2 by 31 and 38 times at 1.43 V versus RHE, respectively. OER catalytic mechanism demonstrates that the conversion of *OH→*O and the active lattice O content can be significantly improved due to the modulation effect of the Ir single atoms on the local electronic structure and the redox behavior of FeNi (oxy) hydroxide true active species. This work provides a promising insight into understanding the OER enhancement mechanism for Ir single‐atoms modified FeNi‐hydroxide systems.