bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awareness of Adverse Effects of Tobacco Consumption in Rural and Urban Children of Central India – A Comparative Study
Authors: Mohod Swapnil , Patil Gauri , Patel Shraddha , Patel Aditya , Chabra Kumar Gaurav , Reche Amit
Published: March 2023

Background:

Tobacco consumption is a major health problem worldwide. India the second largest consumer of tobacco products and the third largest producer of tobacco in the world that places India in the second rank after China in tobacco-related mortalities. Commonly, the habit of tobacco consumption begins at adolescence, carry forwarded into adult life. Hence, if awareness has been created in adolescence then will help to eradicate tobacco consumption habit from India. Hence, a comparative study to determine the awareness regarding hazardous effect of tobacco consumption habit among rural and urban children has been planned.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among schoolgoing children from rural and urban areas. The study was conducted in schools present in the districts of central India on students from classes 3rd–10th standard (age 8–16 years). Total numbers of students enrolled were about 806, of which about 380 students were from rural schools and 426 students were from urban schools. A pretested, close-ended, self-administered questionnaire that was derived from the GYTS-based questionnaire has been distributed after consent, and then analysis was done.

Results:

The prevalence of tobacco use in urban and rural areas has been calculated which came more in rural areas with 5.5%, age of commencement of habit at rural areas was from 10 years of age while in urban it was in teen ages, i.e., from 12 years. Furthermore, the smokeless form of tobacco was preferred in rural areas while in urban it was smoke form of tobacco. In rural area parents, 3.9% knowing about habit of their children and themselves were also habitual while urban areas parents were unaware of habit.

Conclusion:

There is more prevalence of tobacco consumption in rural schoolgoing children than urban schoolgoing children. Urban and rural area children were aware of hazardous effect of tobacco but still consumption is more in children from rural area. Hence, the focus of tobacco cessation program should be in rural area as well as in urban areas. However, the programs should be specifically designed for the area where it should be implementing keeping the difference between socioeconomic status in mind to eradicate tobacco consuming habit from India.
Right Upper Limb Salvage by Surgical Reconstruction with Autologous Tissue in a Machinery Crushed and Degloving Injury in a Post-COVID-19 Patient
Authors: Chandak Suresh , Shinde Sandip , Mahawar Rajat , Niveditha S.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Crush injury occurs as a result of direct physical crushing of the muscles by a heavy weight and usually involves compression of the legs, arms, and/or trunk. Crush injuries are typically associated with accidents but can occur in nontraumatic patients as well. Crush injuries may result in permanent disability or death; therefore, early recognition and aggressive treatment are necessary to improve outcomes.

Methods:

Skin grafting is the transfer of cutaneous tissue from one portion of the body to another, often used to cover large wounds. The rationale of skin grafts is to take skin from a donor site that will heal and transfer the skin to an area of need.

Results:

After incorporation, skin grafts provide wounds with protection from the environment, pathogens, temperature, and excessive water loss like normal skin.

Conclusion:

The current study presents a case of Crush Injury with its entire course and final management in a 51 year old male who presented to ACHARYA VINOBHA BHAVE RURAL HOSPITAL, SAWANGI, (M), WARDHA, with traumatic amputation distal to level of metacarpals and degloving injury involving the arm proximal to elbow.
Henoch–Schonlein Purpura in an Adult Presenting Atypically with Upper-Limb Cutaneous Involvement
Authors: Mahadeviah Mahesh , Shinde Nikhil Ramdas , Shivanagappa Mamatha , Mahesh Madhumitha
Published: March 2023

Background:

Henoch Schonlein Purpura (HSP) is a systemic vasculitis which manifests as a triad of skin rashes, joint pain and abdominal pain. The cutaneous manifestations include nonthrombocytopenic, nonblanching palpable purpura. The skin lesions are usually seen mainly in the lower limbs and this has been ascribed to the effects of gravity. The disease is common in childhood and relatively rare in adulthood.

Case Report:

A 60 year old female presented with two weeks history of rashes, abdominal pain, loose stools, knee and shoulder pain. The rashes were multiple and symmetrical and first noticed by her in left upper limb, within a day appeared on the other limb and lower limbs also. Skin biopsy report revealed leukocytoclastic vasculitis with neutrophilic infiltration and prominent nuclear fragmentation, involving the upper and middle layers of the dermis with IgA deposition on immunofluorescence. She was treated with Oral Prednisolone 20 mg BID. The rash had resolved at follow up with resolution of symptoms. The unique feature of this case was involvement of upper limbs and age of the patient.

Conclusion:

This case underlines the points that occasionally even the upper limb can be involved and even elderly adults can have this condition. There is a need for clinicians to be aware of the varied presentations of this condition.
Assessment of Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Pathology-Cytodiagnostic Appraisal
Authors: Modi Suchita , Agrawal Vikas , Bhake Arvind
Published: March 2023

Background:

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a well-established technique for the evaluation of salivary gland lesions, but because of the heterogenicity and morphological overlap between the spectrum of the lesion, there are a few challenges in its wide use. Recently, “The Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology” was introduced, providing guide for diagnosis and management according to the risk of malignancy (ROM) in different categories. The present study was conducted to assess the Milan System for Salivary Gland Cytopathology on salivary gland lesion aspirate and to correlate the reporting categories with conventional reporting methods and to use as objective tool in implication and uniformity at the management of salivary gland lesions.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 102 cases of salivary gland lesion were enrolled in the study, who underwent FNAC in the division of cytopathology. The FNA results of this study were recategorized according to the Milan system and compared with the final histopathological diagnosis.

Results:

Milan system FNAC sensitivity was 82.5%; specificity was 90.90%, while the diagnostic accuracy was 84.31%. The positive and negative predictive values were 97.05% and 58.82%, respectively. ROM was calculated for each category. It was 33.3% in Cat I, 9.0% in Cat II, 100% in Cat III, 9.3% in Cat IV A, rest 100% in the remaining categories.

Conclusion:

The present study concluded that the Milan system has cytodiagnostic advantages over the conventional reporting system. It has the advantage to know the ROM and as a systematic nomenclature, it may reduce the rate of surgery where it was not indicated.
Utility of Mini-CEX in Assessing Postgraduates Competency in Orthopedics
Authors: Deshpande Sanjay , Gudhe Mahendra
Published: March 2023

Background:

Medical education aims at providing quality health care to community, which evidently needs professionally competent physicians. Mini-CEX tool can be employed to assess the core competencies of trainees during their routine clinical practice. This assessment tool offers a reliable measure of trainee's performance through being observed a number of brief encounters over a period, with a number of different assessors and in different clinical settings. So the study was carried out to test utility of Mini-CEX to test competence in postgraduate s in Orthopedics at a rural medical college in central India.

Method and Material:

Eighteen Orthopedics postgraduates underwent this assessment at an interval of 1 month to a total of 5 encounters. All were examined for seven skills. The timing of these assessments was mostly opportunistic, but the interval was maintained. Various said clinical test / skill was performed on real patient and rated them on the prevalidated checklist and provided feedback. Every skill was observed five times in similar case scenario. Nine point Likert scale was used for assessment.

Results:

Among the trainees the level of satisfaction was less varied than the supervisors and majority have shown interest with high level of satisfaction with the mean for Mini-CEX ranging from 7.94 to 8.27. And Pair wise analysis between 1st and 5th intervention, 3rd and 4th intervention and 3rd and 5th intervention was found to be significant. Conclusion: Mini-CEX is a method of assessing the clinical skills, which is task focused and quick to perform in a broader set of routine clinical practice administered as multiple encounters with variable patient problems and different examiners. Mini-CEX is a workplace-based assessment of performance, which has been reported to be reasonably reliable and valid to confer structured clinical skills learning in medical education.
Evaluation of salivary interleukin-12 levels in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis patients before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy
Authors: Vyas Dhwani , Deshpande Neeraj Chandrahas , Shah Monali Amit
Published: March 2023

Background:

Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease. It occurs due to inflammation and destruction of tooth-supporting tissues by subgingival microbiota. Cytokines have major role in the initiation, progression and the host modulation of periodontal disease.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to evaluate salivary levels of IL-12 in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis participants before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 56 participants having gingivitis and chronic periodontitis were included in the study. The clinical parameters included plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). The level of IL-12 in salivary fluid was measured by ELISA kit at baseline and at 1 month followed by scaling and root planing. The statistical analysis was performed by using Paired and Unpaired t-tests.

Results:

After scaling and root planing, all the clinical parameters showed statistically significant improvement in both gingivitis and periodontitis group except plaque index but in comparison, periodontitis group showed more improvement than gingivitis group. IL-12 levels increased in both the patients with gingivitis and periodontitis after scaling and root planing but the intragroup comparison was statistically non significant. On intergroup comparison, increase in the IL-12 level was statistically significant for periodontitis group as compared to the gingivitis group.

Conclusion:

Nonsurgical therapy resulted in a significant improvement in periodontal indices and a marked increase in IL-12 levels.
Potential Risk Factors and Symptoms Associated with Xerostomia in Completely and Partially Edentulous Patients – A Hospital-Based Study
Authors: Kumar M. Nanditha , Raghavendra Swamy K. N. , Thippeswamy H. M.
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

Xerostomia is a serious concern with many ramifications observed in the oral cavity. Dentists can recognize the features of xerostomia early and relieve the discomfort of the patient. The relationship between xerostomia and its risk factors has been established but the risk factors have been considered independently or with no distinction among the causative components of xerostomia. Studies relating to xerostomia and edentulism with relation to risk factors and symptoms are not very many.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in partially and completely edentulous patients. Questionnaires were completed by 234 participants. The questionnaire recorded the socio-demographic information, medical history, oral hygiene habits, and symptoms of xerostomia. Clinical examination was done to record the missing teeth. All the data were collated into an excel sheet and statistically analyzed.

Results:

The mean age of the participants was 54.6 years. Of the 234 participants, 68 (29.05%) had xerostomia. The older age group (>50 years) showed a higher prevalence of xerostomia than the younger age group (<50 years), past smokers complained more of xerostomia than the current smokers and as the number of medications increased xerostomia increased, but none of them were statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of xerostomia in partially and completely edentulous patients was 29.05%. None of the variables of risk factors were associated with xerostomia. Dry lips and dry throat were strongly associated with xerostomia.
Is Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine Effective in Treating COVID-19?
Authors: Shende Himanshu Arvind , Bhola Nitin , Mundada Bhushan
Published: March 2023

COVID-19 has brought the global economy to a halt. Many lives have been lost as a result of this pandemic sickness. Different medications for COVID-19 prophylaxis have been attempted, including chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine. It has turned into a public health issue of global importance. All Nobel Laureates are working to find a cure for this disease, but there are still certain obstacles to overcome. Many countries are attempting to find a good therapy for COVID-19, and some are attempting to develop a vaccine, but there is still a long way to go. Chloroquine is the best treatment for COVID-19 because it has demonstrated to be effective in treating the disease, but it is not an appropriate treatment for COVID. The purpose of this article was to summarize the evidence for the use of CQ to treat COVID-19.
Evaluation of Blood Glucose Levels of COVID-19 Patients before and after Recovery Regardless of Their Diabetic Status
Authors: Salve Apoorva , Gajghate Apeksha , Ansari Salman , Malik Rajvir , Uike Suvidha , Khetal Namrata
Published: March 2023

Background:

Blood glucose level is an important risk factor for the prognosis of infection and critically ill patients. Stress-induced hyperglycemia is well-known as an adaptive response and expected during times of infection. However, this is believed to be a transient response that resolves upon the improvement of the infection.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the blood glucose levels in a cohort of COVID-19 patients to determine their hyperglycemic status before and after the recovery regardless of their diabetic status.

Methodology:

This is a multicenter, retrospective, observational study. A detailed case history including investigations and laboratory findings was taken from the recovered COVID-19 patients. Data of their random blood sugar levels before and after COVID-19 recovery were collected and compared to check for their hyperglycemic status after the recovery. Data were then tabulated in the spreadsheet and statistical analysis was done.

Results:

In our study, we compared the hyperglycemic status after the recovery. About 22.1% had hyperglycemia post-COVID. During COVID, the prevalence of hyperglycemia in patients was 23% with or without a previous history of diabetes. Altogether, there was a significant increase in Blood Glucose levels post-COVID (2-month follow-up) period. A significant P (P = 0.0001) was found in the statistical analysis.

Conclusion:

Clinicians must recognize that some patients may require monitoring the glycemic status and intensification of the antihyperglycemics for several weeks to months after infection devoid of their diabetic status.
A Cadaveric Study on the Variability in the Branching Pattern of the Arch of Aorta
Authors: Sar Mamata , Baa Jeneeta , Singh Sabita , Mishra Srikanta Kumar
Published: March 2023

Aims and Objectives:

To observe the variability in the branching pattern of the arch of aorta (AA) in the cadaver, to find out the most common branching pattern, to determine the percentage of variations of the AA and describe their clinical importance.

Materials and Method:

The study was conducted in 47 formalin-fixed cadavers of both sexes of 30–80 age groups. All the observations regarding morphology, as well as variations in the branching pattern of the AA were studied.

Result:

The most common pattern was three-branches arising from the AA which was found in 36 cadavers (76.5%); variations in branching pattern were found in 11 cadavers (23.4%); four cadavers had four branches (8.5%) namely, brachiocephalic trunk (BCT), left common carotid (LCC), left vertebral artery (LVA), and left subclavian artery (LSA); and one (2.1%) cadaver showed three branches with variation, namely, Common trunk (CT1) (that gave origin to BCT and LCC) proximally, LVA in the middle and LSA distally; and six (12.7%) cadavers had two branches, of which five cadavers with proximally CT1 and distally LSA and one cadaver with two common trunks (CT1 and CT2), where CT1 was proximal whereas CT2 giving origin to LVA and LSA was distal.

Conclusion:

The wide spectrum of variations in the anatomical arrangements of the aortic arch branches in our study was at par with other populations of the world. Although anomalous origins of the branches of AA are merely anatomic variants, accurate information about them is vital for vascular surgery in the thorax, head-and-neck region.
A Study Exploring Factors Affecting Participation and Response in Online Surveys Among Health-Care Workers
Authors: Khan Imran Ahmed , Bashar M. D. , Haider Jamal
Published: March 2023

Background:

Nonresponse by the potential study participants is a big challenge in survey design and conduction as it reduces the effective sample size and can introduce bias affecting the validity and generalizability of the survey findings.

Objective:

The aim of the study was to explore enablers and barriers for participation and completion of web-based online surveys among the health-care workers of a tertiary care institute.

Materials and Methods:

A specially designed, pretested, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants through personal interviews.

Results:

A total of 318 health-care workers constituted the final sample for the study (response rate: 95.2%), of which 52.8% were males and the rest 47.2% were females with majority (64.8%) <30 years of age. Only 6.6% of the participants were willing to respond to an online survey immediately, whereas majority (63.8%) would wait for some suitable time for responding. The common reasons given by the participants for responding to online survey were serving the society by doing so (43.4%), investigator values their opinion (39.6%), survey not being on any controversial issue (25.2%), and survey being anonymous (14.5%), and the common reasons for not responding to an online survey mentioned by the participants were forgetting about it due to busy schedule (58.8%), thinking it to be useless (27.6%), and lack of reminders (16.2%) and did not like participating in online surveys (10.2%).

Conclusion:

For achieving a good response and participation rates in online surveys, a multimodal approach is required consisting of traditional prenotification followed by several waves of reminders and, if possible, personalized message and telephonic follow-up. The online surveys should be short, appealing, less frequent, nonrepetitive, completely anonymous, and asking for minimal personal information to achieve good participation rate.
Work-Related Musculoskeletal Pain and the Associated Factors in Mobile Phone Technicians
Authors: Nimje Akshay M. , Kothare Harshadeep G. , Chaudhari Shyam V. , Sarath C. , Vijay P.
Published: March 2023

Background:

In this digital era, the role of mobile phone technicians is very important. Musculoskeletal discomfort is one of the most frequent occupational health concerns in both developed and developing nations, and it comes at a substantial cost to employers in terms of reduced productivity and higher health care expenses.

Material and Methods:

The aim was to study the prevalence of work related musculoskeletal discomfort among mobile phone technicians in Nagpur, India. An observational cross sectional study was conducted on 1000 repair technicians satisfying the inclusion criteria. Perception of barriers and facilitators was estimated as a percentage along with a 95% confidence interval.

Results:

The prevalence was high (78%). Work related musculoskeletal pain in the age range between 25 and 33 years (51%) was more common. The present study found that the severity of pain according to the Numerical Pain Rating Scale for the majority of the study participants(55%) was moderate. The result indicates that the most discomfort of the body regions is in the neck (36%), followed by the lower back (30%).

Conclusion:

Work related musculoskeletal disorders represent a significant burden for mobile phone repair technicians. They may suffer musculoskeletal problems as a result of their prolonged work hours and heavy exertion. This study found a link between the emergence of musculoskeletal discomforts in mobile phone technicians and the factors that cause them.
Effectivity of Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis Scoring System for Diagnosing Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Suhas D. , Tote Darshana
Published: March 2023

Background:

Acute appendicitis is a very common cause of acute abdomen, particularly associated with the young and middle age groups. Its diagnosis and management are primarily based on the clinical signs and symptoms. Many scoring systems have been made collaborating the signs and symptoms but do not cater to all population. The Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis (RIPASA) scoring system is a relatively newer clinical scoring system, which has been used worldwide with good efficacy in the quick diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

Methods:

Research was done on 50 patients whose signs and symptoms were clinically suggestive of acute appendicitis. The patients were evaluated using RIPASA scores primarily on admission and were operated on the basis of the surgeon's decision. The scores were compared with the histopathological analysis, and efficacy was analyzed.

Results:

The sensitivity of the RIPASA score was 94.11%, specificity was 93.75%, positive predictive value was 96.96%, the negative predictive value of RIPASA score was 88.23%, and the diagnostic accuracy of RIPASA score was 94%.

Conclusion:

RIPASA scoring system is a simple and effective scoring system, which can be used in a bedside manner for an accurate diagnosis of appendicitis.
Artificial Intelligence for Diabetic Care
Authors: Kapse Ankita , Semin Marina , Jha Rakesh Kumar , Bawankar Bhushan , Patil Praful
Published: March 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to enhance results in the future, diabetes care. The goal of this article was to help people with diabetes, their clinicians, families, and caregivers better understand what AI breakthroughs are important now. AI medical applications include diagnosis, categorization, therapy, and robotics, among others. We are no longer confined to descriptive data analysis because we may acquire a larger by recognizing and anticipating patterns coming from inductive reasoning, owing to medical learning. AI applications have the potential to revolutionize diabetic care by assisting millions of people with diabetes in achieving better blood glucose management, reducing hyperglycemic episodes, and lowering diabetic morbidity and complications. We can see the evolution of closed-loop insulin delivery systems with inbuilt AI algorithms to safeguard both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in Type 1 diabetes, which have been relatively few attempts in management techniques for diabetes excursions. The medication you choose and how much you take depend on a variety of factors, including your body mass index, which influences beta-cell activity and insulin resistance, among other things. There are great assessments of research that have employed an AI approach to treat diabetes. The only way to deal with vast, diverse datasets is to rely solely on quantitative data. At this point, there are numerous issues with absolute reliance on quantitative data, depending on the frequently poor quality of this sort of information, as well as the necessity to complement combining a quantitative and qualitative approach. Attempting toward the transformation of unstructured data into digitally processed information data is a domain of cognitive computing that is predicted to grow in importance. To make a substantial contribution to AI aside from the purpose, there are 48 other factors to consider.
A Review on Association between Electronic Health Record use and Quality of Patient Care
Authors: Pure Deoyani V. , Ambad Ranjit , Kaple Meghali , Dighade R. R.
Published: March 2023

Health-care systems have been under increasing pressure to transition from manual to electronic systems as information technology has advanced. The electronic health record is a cutting-edge information technology system that has attracted a lot of attention. An electronic medical record (EMR) is a computerized legal medical record created in a health-care organization such as a hospital or a doctor's office. Health-care systems have been under increasing pressure to transition from manual to electronic systems as information technology has advanced. The electronic health record is a cutting-edge information technology system that has attracted a lot of attention. To increase the quality of care in the health-care context, EMRs were deployed. I looked into the link between EMRs and patient care quality. EMR aids in the storage and management of information on a patient's status, as well as medical and surgical procedures and treatments. EMRs are also beneficial to health providers since they save time by eliminating the need for paper documentation and accurately storing past health histories and treatments. I have compiled a list of publications about EMRs and patient care quality. The aim of the study was to find the association between EMR use and quality of patient care. After reviewing all of the preceding research and papers on the relationship between EMR use and patient care quality, I have come to the conclusion that EMR use improves patient care quality. Because it records and manages patient data, medical history, and treatment, it enables health-care providers to streamline their work and paperwork processes, allowing them to focus on the quality of patient care they provide. In the ambulatory environment, primary care clinicians who used a single EHR found that intense use of specific EHR features was linked to improved adherence to advised care as shown by results on electronically reported “meaningful use” quality metrics. This study is pertinent to current policy because it employs quantitative EHR usage measurements rather than self-reported use and quality indicators developed by modern certified EHR technology. The use of particular EHR features was linked early on in the “meaningful use” initiative to better results on metrics for the health-care system. Apart from this, there were some limitations which were found in some articles such as limited patients' information because the administrative data were collected from the billing details. Furthermore, non-EHR variables that cannot be completely accounted for in some analyses may contribute to changes in care quality following the introduction of EHRs.
A Novel Research Protocol for Single-Blinded Randomized Trial for Evaluating the Impact of Gamification on Functional Independence and Health-Related Quality of Life Post Distal Radius Fracture
Authors: Naqvi Waqar , Qureshi Mohd. , Phansopkar Pratik
Published: March 2023

Background:

Distal radius fracture (DRF) is the frequently occurring fracture in the upper extremity among all age groups. Physiotherapy is vividly used to optimize recovery and regain functional independence following a distal radial fracture. To date, however, work on virtual reality (VR)-based rehabilitation in patients with DRF is limited. This research aims to evaluate the impact of gamification on functional independence and health-related quality of life in post-DRF.

Methodology:

In a single-blinded randomized controlled trial, the participants (n = 40) with DRF will be recruited. The participants will be enrolled into either an experimental or control group with 1:1 allocation ratio. Participants in the intervention group will undergo both VR training using oculus and conventional therapy for 6 weeks, and the participants in the conventional group will undergo only conventional therapy. Functional independence and HWQoL will be assessed using (patient-rated wrist evaluation) scale, Michigan hand outcomes questionnaire and disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) Outcome Questionnaire throughout the treatment duration and after 6 weeks of rehabilitation. Result: There is significant impact of gamification on functional independence and health-related quality of life post distal radius fracture.

Conclusion:

This research seeks to examine the rapid and long-term results of VR-based rehabilitation in post DRF patients. The findings of this study will help prospective patients with DRF, which may include a newly designed method of rehabilitation.
Study of Case Series of Scrub Typhus in a Tertiary Care Center of Western Odisha
Authors: Sahoo Sanghamitra , Thakur Atanu Kumar , Dash Satarupa , Meher Lalit Kumar
Published: March 2023

It is usually associated with rashes and an Escher. If remain undiagnosed, it results in serious illness like multiple organ involvement and finally death. The various clinical manifestations of scrub typhus is caused by direct effects of organism or due to exaggerated immune response. The disease responds dramatically to antibiotics but may lead to mortality in the absence of treatment. Here, in this case series, we describe ten cases showing the typical manifestations of scrub typhus highlighting the clinical manifestation of this deadly disease.
To Evaluate the Knowledge and Awareness of Consent Among Interns and Postgraduates of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha
Authors: Deshmukh Indranil , Kashikar Yash , Kotwani Dheeraj , Quazi Syed Salimuddin Ziyauddin , Kakde Smita , Hirwani Vaibhav
Published: March 2023

Background:

To evaluate the knowledge and awareness of consent among interns and post-graduates of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha.

Objectives:

To study about awareness of consent. To study the knowledge of obtaining consent in special circumstances like Medical management of Minors and drunken persons, etc.

Materials and Methods and Study Design:

Cross sectional Observational study. Collective sampling method. Sample size: 200 students (Interns and residents) studying in JNMC & AVBRH were included by purposive sampling method. A semi-structured questionnaire was prepared to obtain all the information. Study duration: 6 months.

Inclusion criteria:

Interns and Post-graduate students.

Exclusion criteria:

Not willing to participate.
A Study on the Morphology of Pulmonary Vein Ostia and Left Atrium in the Cadaveric Heart
Authors: Sar Mamata , Singh Sabita , Bara Dibya Prabha , Baa Jeneeta , Mishra Srikanta Kumar , Soy Arpita , Behera Sarita
Published: March 2023

Background:

Classically, pulmonary veins (PV) open to the left atrium (LA) through four ostia on its posterior wall. Variations from this pattern in the form of a common venous ostium or additional ostia are not uncommon. The myocardium of the LA extends into the PVs as myocardial sleeves (MS) which are often the site of focal electrical activity that initiates atrial fibrillation. The aim is to study the morphology of pulmonary venous ostia and posterior wall of LA and to find their correlation.

Materials and Methods:

Forty formalin preserved specimens of the heart were included in this study. The number and position of PV ostia were noted and categorized into six types. The dimensions of ostia and posterior wall of LA were measured. Data were statistically analyzed. The pulmonary venous wall was examined microscopically for the presence of myocardial tissue.

Results:

Classical pattern was the commonest (62.5%) followed by additional middle PV (MPV) on the right (12.5%) and common ostium on the left (10%). The mean diameter was maximum for the common right PV ostium (14.7 mm ± 0.5) and minimum for the right MPV ostium (8 mm ± 1.4). The mean sagittal and coronal dimensions of LA were 56.4 mm ± 11.4 and 47.9 mm ± 8.7, respectively. R Square value of 43% and Pearson's correlation of 0.58 showed a strong association between ostial and atrial area. MS was found microscopically in the venous wall.

Conclusion:

The morphometry of PV ostia and LA can provide useful information for cardiothoracic surgery.
Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Dentistry
Authors: Mani Amit , Anarthe Raju , Sachdeva Shivani , Kale Anuradha
Published: March 2023

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is an autologous platelet concentrate with intimate assembly of cytokines, glycan chains, and structural glycoproteins, increased concentration of growth factors enmeshed within a slowly polymerized fibrin network, has the capability to accelerate soft tissue as well as hard-tissue healing. Platelets play a crucial role in the field of regenerative dentistry. A systematic search was conducted using Scopus, Medline PubMed, and Google Scholar up to and including March 2017, to identify relevant studies. All cross-reference lists of the selected studies were also screened. The inclusion criteria were articles those having detailed summary in English, published between 2006 and 2017. This review article concludes the literature in brief, role of PRF in healing, its clinical applications, and also the advantages and the disadvantages.
Impact of Music on the Vitals in Patients Undergoing Cataract Extraction Surgery
Authors: Walavalkar Ruta , Gadegone Aditi , Daigavane Sachin
Published: March 2023

Background:

Music is an inexpensive, easily available anxietolytic known to mankind since ages. Cataract extraction surgery is one of the widely performed surgeries under local anesthesia. India is a developing country where limited resources are spent over health infrastructure which has to cater to a large population. In our study, we have tried to utilize the anxietolytic effect of music in combating the anxiety and stress patients suffer from during surgery to essentially better the postoperative prognosis of the patients in the most inexpensive way possible.

Materials and Methods:

The sample size was decided taking into consideration various prevalence studies. The patients were consequently recruited for the study considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were divided into two groups – both undergoing phacoemulsification surgery under local anesthesia by the same surgeon in the same operating room where one group was made to listen to "Classical Sitar Music," whereas the other group was not made to listen to music. Blood pressure and heart rates were measured before and after surgery and compared in all patients.

Results:

Blood pressure and heart rates were statistically significantly normalized (lowered) postoperatively as compared to their preoperative values in the group which were made to listen to music.

Conclusion:

Music can be used widely used in decreasing anxiety levels in patients undergoing cataract extraction surgery, thereby improving the postoperative prognosis in patients in a cost-effective way.
A Study to Assess the Knowledge of Nurses Regarding the Management of Pregnant Women During COVID-19
Authors: Dumbre Dipali Umesh , Patil Deepa
Published: March 2023

Background:

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is making these terrifying and unsure occasions. We as whole have a story to tell-whom we know, how we are being affected and how our lives are evolving. Certain patient populaces are confronting remarkable encounters and difficulties. The proof on prebirth, intrapartum, and baby blues hazards and transmission is restricted, the circumstances are quickly evolving. We do realize that in pregnancy, immunologic, and physiologic changes do happen, which could make pregnant ladies more defenseless to viral respiratory diseases, including COVID-2019

.

The World Health Organization has acknowledges that the hard work and selfless service provided by India's health workers, including nurses and midwives, have no doubt contributed to the country's impressive recovery rate of 31.5%. In a series of profiles, nurses described their challenges in keeping their charges and themselves safe on a COVID-19 repatriation flight in hospital and ICUs, providing antenatal care, elderly care, and psychosocial support in the context of COVID-19.

Objective:

The aim of this was to assess the knowledge of nurses regarding the management of pregnant women during COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:

A Nonexperimental Descriptive Research Approach is used. Sixty samples were selected using Nonprobability Purposive Sampling Technique. Data were collected using knowledge-based questionnaire on the management of pregnant women during COVID-19 outbreak through online Google form.

Results:

The tool included two sections; the first section had demographic data and the second section included an assessment of the knowledge of nurses regarding the management of pregnant women during COVID-19 outbreak. The data were analyzed further which revealed that the study findings show that the majority (55%) of the staff nurses are having age between 22 and 30 years. It also shows that 55% were female and 45% were male nurses. The majority of nurses (60%) were done BSc nursing. Majority of them having experience between 0 and 5 years (25%). The assessment is made for the knowledge of nurses regarding the management of pregnant women during COVID-19 of the rating were selected from YES or NO. The assessment result shows that majority of the nurses are having knowledge regarding the management of pregnant women during COVID-19.

Conclusion:

The findings indicate that the questionnaire was effective in assessing the knowledge of nurses regarding the management of pregnant women during COVID-19.
Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antifungal Efficacy of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Angelus®, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Plus™, and Intermediate Restorative Material – A Microbiological In vitro Study
Authors: Joshi Sourabh Ramesh , Palekar Aparna Umesh , Pendyala Gowri Swaminatham , Mopagar Viddyasagar , Deorukhkar Sachin , Singh Mukund
Published: March 2023

Objective:

The study objective was to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal properties of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) Angelus® (MTA-A), MTA Plus™ (MTA-P), and intermediate restorative material (IRM).

Materials and Methods:

Pellets of MTA-P, MTA-A, and IRM were prepared to test the influence of these cements on the growth of four oral microbial strains, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans, using agar diffusion method. The agar was removed, and the manipulated material was placed in the wells thus formed. The pellets were lodged in the seeded wells and incubated at 37°C for 24–72 h, after which the growth inhibition was measured. The data were analyzed using Student's t-test to compare the differences among the three cements at different concentrations.

Results:

The test results indicated that the antimicrobial activity of MTA-P, on both the microorganisms tested, was very strong, showing a mean inhibition zone of 3.1 mm, which extends over time toward all the strains. The diameters of the inhibition zones for E. faecalis were statistically significantly larger than that for Candida (P < 0.05) for MTA-P, IRM, and MTA-A.

Conclusion:

The materials showed antimicrobial activity against the tested strains. IRM showed no antimicrobial activity on Candida. The largest inhibition zone was observed for E. fecalis group. MTA-P created larger inhibition zones than MTA-A and IRM.
Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Diagnosis of Oral Cancer
Authors: Saxena Yukta , Chhabra Kumar Gaurav , Chaudhary Pankaj , Shukla Sakshi
Published: March 2023

Since the tumors are typically in an advanced stage when diagnosed, oral cancer is characterized by a high rate of morbidity and death. Using AI also known as artificial intelligence for oral premalignant lesions and conditions has been proposed recently. This checking survey examined the data about various artificial intelligence devices on the side of noninvasive analytic procedures including telemedicine, clinical pictures, fluorescence pictures, exfoliative cytology, and indicator factors in the potential for oral cancer. The results suggested that using these technologies could result in a method for the early detection of oral cancer which is less dangerous. Early oral cancer detection helps in the proper management and treatment of the patient. Artificial intelligence (human-made intelligence) has been viewed as encouraging for enhancing diagnostic procedures. The review's goal was to strengthen the evidence supporting the use of AI in the early identification of oral cancer. Artificial intelligence plays a significant part in diagnosing oral cancer; however, a few issues should be addressed in corresponding to the artificial intelligence procedures to permit the transfer of the latter on a significant scale to population-based detection techniques.
Comparison of Hemodynamic Effects of Intravenous Etomidate Versus Thiopentone During Induction and Intubation Using Entropy-Guided Hypnosis Levels in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Cases
Authors: Taware Manisha , Sonkusale Manishkumar , Kuthe Sachin
Published: March 2023

Background:

Most of the induction agents cause hypotension. Accurate assessment of the depth of anesthesia using various monitors contributes to tailor drug administration, thus maintaining anesthetic depth and improving hemodynamic stability.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to compare the hemodynamic responses during induction and intubation between etomidate and thiopentone and to compare their doses, using entropy-guided hypnosis levels, in patients of coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG).

Methodology:

After ethics committee clearance, 60 patients for CABG were randomly allocated into the etomidate or thiopentone group, based on induction agents. Anesthesia was induced using intravenous etomidate or thiopentone titrated to state entropy (SE) level of 40–60. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressures, response entropy, and SE were recorded before, during, and after induction of anesthesia. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics using Chi-square test, Students paired and unpaired t-test.

Results:

Stable hemodynamics was maintained with both etomidate and thiopentone. There was 33.3% and 34% less dose requirement in the etomidate and thiopentone groups, respectively. Minimal drug side effects and lesser complications were observed with equipotent doses, using entropy to guide equivalent hypnosis levels.

Conclusion:

The use of etomidate and thiopentone titrated to entropy leads to reduced etomidate and thiopentone dosage translating into increased hemodynamic stability during induction with adequate anesthetic depth.
Mutagenic Potential of Viruses
Authors: Reddy Sujatha S. , Rakesh N. , Kumar T. Pavan , Shwetha V. , Kunjumon Sreekanth P. , Vaishnavi P. , Prashanth Radha
Published: March 2023

Several viruses show a very high mutation rate and can rapidly evolve to yield new variants resulting in a novel expression of disease. The virus mutation rate is a significant parameter to understand the evolution and pathogenesis of the viruses, to combat them, and has biomedical implications. At the epidemiological and evolutionary levels, the mutation rate is one of the factors that can define the risk of emergent infectious disease. In the wake of the recent novel virus pandemic COVID-19, we review the viral mutation rates, virus dynamics, and various vaccination strategies.
Comparison of Laparoscopic Findings with Tuberculosis Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Diagnosis of Genital Tuberculosis Among Subfertile Women
Authors: Shrivastava Deepti , Jain Jaya
Published: March 2023

Background:

Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) is an important cause of infertility. The Fallopian tubes are involved in almost 90% of the cases.

Materials and Methods:

All 50 participants were women with complaints of infertility to whom FGTB was suspected as a cause of infertility or women with infertility of unknown etiology. After selecting the patient according to inclusion criteria, women were posted for diagnostic laparoscopy and endometrial aspirate/biopsy was sent for TB polymerase chain reaction (TB PCR).

Results:

In our study, infertile women who had clinical and hysterosalpingography findings suggestive of genital TB underwent endometrial biopsy for TB PCR and hysterolaparoscopy for further evaluation. Among them, 7 (14%) endometrial TB PCR-positive cases were found in the study. Clinical and hysterolaparoscopy findings in these cases were carefully reviewed, although laparoscopic findings were suggestive of TB in 9 (18%) women.

Conclusion:

Direct visualization of the female genital tract by laparoscopy is most confirmatory and should be considered for starting the antitubercular treatment on the basis of laparoscopic findings.
Evaluation of Serum High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, Ferritin Level in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Its Correlation with Glycated Hemoglobin in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Gauda Resma Manjari , Acharya Madhusmita , Yadav Manoj Kumar , Gouda Motilal
Published: March 2023

Background:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant public health problem all over the world because of the comorbidities it causes. Serum ferritin, an acute phase reactant, is a measure of the body's iron reserves. Increased body iron reserves and subclinical hemochromatosis have been linked to the development of glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and possibly diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and vascular dysfunction, according to recent research.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 64 subjects out of which 32 type 2 diabetic patients as cases enrolled in the study and 32 healthy subjects as controls from the Medicine outpatient department. Fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and serum ferritin were estimated in both cases and the control group.

Results:

In type 2 diabetics, FBG, HbA1c, and hsCRP levels are higher than in healthy people. With an increase in HbA1C, there was a significant increase in serum ferritin in type 2 diabetes individuals. In poorly controlled diabetes, HbA1c >7%, HbA1c has a positive correlation with FBG, serum ferritin, and hs CRP.

Conclusion:

In our study, the mean concentrations of fasting blood glucose, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, ferritin, and HbA1C were significantly higher in type 2 diabetes patients than in controls. The hbA1c level >7 (poor control group) had higher fasting blood glucose, hs-CRP, and ferritin levels than the hbA1c level <7 groups (good control group). Fasting blood glucose, hs-CRP, and HbA1C were found to have a strong relationship in type 2 diabetes patients with poor control. Serum ferritin and hs CRP levels increased in diabetics as long as glycemic control was not achieved.