bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Study for the Effect of Stop Words Elimination for Arabic Text Classification Algorithms
Authors: Al-Shargabi Bassam , Olayah Fekry , Romimah Waseem AL
Published: August 2014

In this paper, an experimental study was conducted on three techniques for Arabic text classification. These techniques are Support Vector Machine (SVM) with Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO), Naïve Bayesian (NB), and J48. The paper assesses the accuracy for each classifier and determines which classifier is more accurate for Arabic text classification based on stop words elimination. The accuracy for each classifier is measured by Percentage split method (holdout), and K-fold cross validation methods, along with the time needed to classify Arabic text. The results show that the SMO classifier achieves the highest accuracy and the lowest error rate, and shows that the time needed to build the SMO model is much lower compared to other classification techniques.
PECA
Authors: Safar Maytham , Al-Hamadi Hasan , Ebrahimi Dariush
Published: August 2014

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have emerged in many applications as a platform to collect data and monitor a specified area with minimal human intervention. The initial deployment of WSN sensors forms a network that consists of randomly distributed devices/nodes in a known space. Advancements have been made in low-power micro-electronic circuits, which have allowed WSN to be a feasible platform for many applications. However, there are two major concerns that govern the efficiency, availability, and functionality of the network—power consumption and fault tolerance. This paper introduces a new algorithm called Power Efficient Cluster Algorithm (PECA). The proposed algorithm reduces the power consumption required to setup the network. This is accomplished by effectively reducing the total number of radio transmission required in the network setup (deployment) phase. As a fault tolerance approach, the algorithm stores information about each node for easier recovery of the network should any node fail. The proposed algorithm is compared with the Self Organizing Sensor (SOS) algorithm; results show that PECA consumes significantly less power than SOS.
Development of a Novel Compressed Index-Query Web Search Engine Model
Authors: Al-Bahadili Hussein , Al-Saab Saif
Published: August 2014

In this paper, the authors present a description of a new Web search engine model, the compressed index-query (CIQ) Web search engine model. This model incorporates two bit-level compression layers implemented at the back-end processor (server) side, one layer resides after the indexer acting as a second compression layer to generate a double compressed index (index compressor), and the second layer resides after the query parser for query compression (query compressor) to enable bit-level compressed index-query search. The data compression algorithm used in this model is the Hamming codes-based data compression (HCDC) algorithm, which is an asymmetric, lossless, bit-level algorithm permits CIQ search. The different components of the new Web model are implemented in a prototype CIQ test tool (CIQTT), which is used as a test bench to validate the accuracy and integrity of the retrieved data and evaluate the performance of the proposed model. The test results demonstrate that the proposed CIQ model reduces disk space requirements and searching time by more than 24%, and attains a 100% agreement when compared with an uncompressed model.
High Tech, High Touch, High Context
Authors: Eichler Matthew , Boden-McGill Carrie J. , Lasker-Scott Tennille
Published: August 2014

In this chapter, the authors explore the challenge of maintaining a “high touch” learning environment in online and hybrid adult graduate degree programs. The literature suggests that although online degree programs are popular, the retention rate in online classes is low, and online courses may not meet the social needs of adult learners. Few interventions thus far have been successful. The authors used learning pods, small, geographically-oriented teams of students working on individual learning projects as self-directed communities of scholars, as an intervention. Student perceptions of learning pods are explored in this chapter, and suggestions for practice based on student feedback are offered.
Technology and Design for Inclusion
Authors: Duffy Mary Lou , Bryan Valerie C.
Published: August 2014

The inclusion of individuals with disabilities in concept and practice is not new to education. However, the attainment of inclusion has been a struggle in most Western countries since the 1980s. The application of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) to classroom practices has the promise of making the goal of inclusion more attainable. In this chapter, the authors outline a definition of inclusion as a foundation for the need for Universal Design. Then a description of the important principles of UDL is described, with attention to the research that supports its use and application. Lastly, the authors describe the technology trends that, along with UDL principles, have the greatest impact on education in K-12 classrooms, higher education, virtual settings, and in community settings with adults and seniors.
Technology
Authors: Ellington Linda
Published: August 2014

Thousands of years ago storytelling was available primarily in one format, the oral word passed down from generation to generation in order to communicate wisdom. Each of us represents the intersection of many generational stories blending fact and fiction. In the context of a continual search for ways to define, secure, and shape our existence, it is vital to expand the understanding of the evolving forms and applications of storytelling so societies can continue in the tradition of using stories to define, preserve, and shape society (Benjamin, 2006; Sax, 2006). This chapter looks at how technology impacts the practice of storytelling and how it affects not only the relationship with storytelling, the concept of the story itself, but also the practice of collaborative storytelling through the power of technology.
Citizen Education and Technology
Authors: Farmer Lesley
Published: August 2014

Technology plays a central role in current citizen education. Technology also impacts the underlying concept of citizenship since it now has to consider the digital society. This chapter examines the elements of citizen education and the factors needed to be in place for technology to facilitate citizen education. While technology affords access to information more efficiently than ever before, it also requires additional skills. For technology to play out its role effectively, educators need to design instruction for citizen curriculum that offers technology-enhanced interactive learning and socially rich learning environments. Several examples of good practice of incorporating technology into citizen education conclude the chapter.
Strategies for Online Course Development to Promote Student Success
Authors: Shelton Kaye , Mason Diane , Cummings Cindy
Published: August 2014

In spite of online teaching having existed for almost two decades, many courses still mirror the traditional objectivist classroom. However, the literature clearly validates that a different approach must be taken for online course design that includes a pedagogical shift to constructivist methods that encourage transference of learning such as mastery learning, problem-based and project-based learning, authentic learning and assessment, and collaboration. This chapter presents elements of constructivist course design for increased online student engagement that can support online student success.
Information Technologies for Adolescents
Authors: Farmer Lesley
Published: August 2014

Adolescents live in a technology-enhanced world. However, significant subpopulations lack physical and intellectual access to digital technologies. Content and communications providers format and disseminate information in a variety of ways. In response, teens who use technology tend to employ a variety of platforms, choosing the tool to match the content and purpose. Social media has been the technology of choice for teenagers, leveraging their social and creative needs. Educators of teens need to incorporate technology into their practices, providing access and opportunities for teens to optimize their technology use. Today's adolescents, ages 12 to 18, are often characterized as digital natives because many of them have grown up in a digital world. Most of them have some kind of access to technology, although the digital divide still exists. The technologies teens access and use are described in this chapter.
Social Media and Use of Technology in Higher Education
Authors: Kumi-Yeboah Alex , Blankson Herbert
Published: August 2014

Social media has, in the past decade, transformed the way students and faculty communicate in the teaching and learning process. The teaching and learning process in higher education is currently experiencing a technological revolution. This is mainly because social media is presently used as a tool by faculty and administrators to communicate with students inside and outside of the classroom. In this chapter, descriptive statistics are used to analyze secondary data on the trend of faculty use of social media by discipline, demographics, and number of years. It also analyzes the use of social media sites, barriers to the use of social media sites, as well as faculty use of social media in higher education. Results show that less than 50% of faculty use social media for instruction. Overall, younger faculty (under 35 years) report the use of SMT 55.7% more than older faculty (55 and above years). Faculty in Arts and Humanities indicate a higher use of social media than all disciplines. There is a strong correlation between faculty use of social media for professional and pedagogical purposes. The majority of faculty use SMT more often for personal reasons than instructional purposes. Results indicate that there is a high faculty awareness of social media use in higher education in recent years, and issues of privacy and integrity of online student submissions emerge as barriers to faculty use of social media.
Economic Impact of Information and Communication Technology in Higher Education
Authors: Brown Carol A.
Published: August 2014

Developed nations are experiencing economic growth through the advantages associated with Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Digital resources along with Massive Open Online Courses provide educational opportunities to an ever-expanding population of students. Some areas, however, lack Internet connectivity and are unable to take advantage of ICTs needed to support the demands of global economies. Cloud computing is growing in usefulness as universities are able to work with remote applications and store data on cloud servers. Along with the ubiquitous Web and ICT resources, there is also the risk of too much information, which can negatively impact job performance and satisfaction. Even with reports of faculty concerns in disproportionate amount time needed to offer online courses, the university is experiencing growth in online education, extended opportunities for global education, and a challenge to manage an incessant flow of digital information.
Aligning Educational Outcomes to Boost Employment and Workforce Employability
Authors: Torres-Coronas Teresa , Vidal-Blasco María-Arántzazu , Simón-Olmos María-José
Published: August 2014

Since the beginning of the recent economic crisis, the unemployment rate, especially among youngsters, has reached painfully high levels in Spain. As education plays a central role in preparing individuals to enter the labor force, as well as equipping them with the skills to engage in professional development, it is time to analyze the job-education match. This chapter focuses on the role of public education policies in advancing the employability of lifelong learners. A deep understanding of what is required by the labor market needs to be matched by a common understanding of the learning outcomes achieved in education. This chapter explains how the Catalan education system is working to align education and job requirements. By showing best practices and initiatives, this chapter offers a perspective relevant to educational policy makers.
What College Students Gained Serving on Hiring Committees for Student Job Openings
Authors: Van Wingerden Christina
Published: August 2014

The value of student participation in hiring committees at the college level is the focus of this chapter. Students, identified as “selectors,” participated in all aspects of hiring toward a “best” candidate. Student selectors, from two types of student employees within the structure of a university student union, and two hiring processes are assessed (referred to as student activities and facilities). A guided questionnaire is used to investigate skill development gained, used, and eventually transferred to experiences after graduation. Two models frame the plan. Surveys and focus groups are based on Kirkpatrick's and Kirkpatrick's (2006) The Four Levels. The development of a systematic evaluation plan is based on Caffarella's (2002) Interactive Program Planning Model. Exploring the value of experiential learning in student employment settings is a key to the assessment approach. An appraisal of the student experience, when environments are intentionally created to give students the chance to practice, use, and build skills in real life scenarios, had not been evidenced previously in a formal way. Furthermore, an inquiry of transfer of learning post-graduation is examined.
Analyzing Classrooms with Video and Structured Observation
Authors: Rodney Basiyr D. , Kumar David Devraj , Binder Andrew
Published: August 2014

This chapter discusses the conceptualization and development of a methodological tool for conducting classroom research and teacher evaluations with application to the analysis of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) classroom data. The development process involved the creation of a structured video observation system (called the Synchronized Video Observation System, SIVOS) built on top of a database application. The concept applies the integration of an on-screen video frame containing classroom-teaching episodes alongside a structured teaching evaluation rubric. The conceptualization and development of such an application leverages rapid application development techniques. The application is of significance because it allows for the fine-grained and iterative analysis of classroom teaching episodes. It leverages the storing, searching, and retrieval capacity of a database application to code video segments with a structured observation tool. The tool offers an opportunity to enhance the fairness, accuracy, and transparency of teacher evaluations. The approach values low-inference, low-learning curve design. It allows for data to be quickly and easily analyzed. With such tools, teachers, researchers, and administrators have the ability to examine teaching behaviors for continuous improvement.
What is Your Teaching Style?
Authors: Wang Victor X. , Dennett Susan K.
Published: August 2014

The authors compare the knowledge facilitator and the knowledge dictator in today's organizations. Research around cultures in the Confucius-influenced Eastern hemisphere relating to teaching approaches and classroom behavior is explored and contrasted to the Western approaches. The differences in learning styles play a major role in how facilitators transmit information and an insight into the different ways information is processed by learners is outlined. In order to remain competitive in the 21st century and in today's global environment, organizations must determine what type of teaching style is influential in their learning culture, and an appreciation of the interactive model of program planning is discussed.
Examining the Benefits of Integrating Social Media into the Classroom
Authors: Wohleb Elisha , Skinner Leane , Witte Maria Martinez
Published: August 2014

Technology is ever-changing in the society we live in. Social media is one of the most popular technologies used fervently among our youth. Educators must recognize the opportunity to utilize familiar resources to engage our students in the learning process. In addition, social media can enhance collaboration, communication, research, discussion, and critical thinking skills. Furthermore, social media can provide educators the opportunity to model and teach the importance of digital citizenship. This chapter supports the benefits of integrating social media into the classroom as well as provides information on how to overcome concerns associated with implementing social media.
Students' Attitudes towards the Use of Technology in Hong Kong
Authors: Yeh Helen W. M.
Published: August 2014

Since the Education Bureau of Hong Kong encouraged the use of technology in education, virtual learning platform and PowerPoint slides have become magic tools for teaching and learning across all subjects in schools, colleges, and institutions. However, is technology a magic tool for effective teaching and learning? In order to understand how students think of learning with technology, this chapter investigates 114 college students' attitudes towards learning with technology imposed by the school and teachers through questionnaires. The results reveal that students had positive attitudes towards the use of technology in the affective, cognitive, and behaviour domains. Most importantly, they attributed their success of learning to what the teacher did with technology as well as what the teacher did in the classroom. These findings reveal that technology is not only a good tool to support learning but also fosters the acquisition and application of students' subject knowledge.
Cyclonic Transactions as Cultural Ecological Mechanisms for Investigating Change and Facilitating Action Research in Education
Authors: Creed Andrew , Dillon Patrick
Published: August 2014

The aim of this chapter is to draw together two theoretical perspectives on the dynamics of educational change and propose a contemporary integrated framework as an analytical tool for use in education. A cultural ecological framework, which views the individual as an integral part of the environment and places significance on interaction with the environment in the context of daily work, is integrated with a cyclonic transactional framework, which emerges from recent research on online education and traverses hermeneutical, transformational mechanisms. The cyclonic transactional framework forms a bridge between abstraction and lived experience, which are both at the heart of the cultural ecological framework, and provides a mechanism through which learning relationships may be explored. The augmented and integrated framework, developed from historical and current explorations, is a tool that can assist policy development, implementation, and evaluation for both classroom and online education.
Pedagogy and the New Literacies in Higher Education
Authors: Brown Carol A.
Published: August 2014

Having the ability to understand and use digital technology is an important skill needed for the 21st century workforce (Goodfellow, 2011). In higher education, Web 2.0 and other collaborative resources impact pedagogy, research methodology, and relationships with colleagues and students. Creative use of digital resources enhances traditional instructional methods such as inquiry-based learning, situated learning, and collaborative project-based learning. Generative learning theory is applied through organizational, integrative, and elaborative strategies, which are supported through a variety of digital tools all within a constructivist environment. Digital resources are best applied using 1) collaborative spaces in cloud computing, 2) digital tools for engaged learning, 3) presentation software for course content, and 4) access to electronic textbooks. Pedagogical decisions associated with use of these tools are an important part of the new literacies for 21st century learning. The relationship between digital resources and pedagogical practices in higher education are explored in this chapter.
An Examination of Educators' and Learners' Experiences with Technology from Both Sides of the Learning Landscape
Authors: Seepersad Rehana , Jackson Iris McKenzie , Kendon Brett Jolyon , Kross Jennifer
Published: August 2014

This chapter provides an autoethnographic exploration of the experiences of three adult educators who have recently returned to the learning environment where they are now on the other side of the fence and are students. They confront new technologies within increasingly multi-generational classrooms and student-centered learning resources and dynamics far different from when they were first credentialed. As experienced educators, they currently teach within their own content areas and facilitate student learning using current technology. This chapter examines their experiences through an autoethnographic approach that describes their perceptions as educators and as learners given present technology.
Expectations, Dispositions, and Experiences of International Graduate Students
Authors: Chua Alton Y. K.
Published: August 2014

This chapter seeks to examine the expectations, dispositions, and experiences of international graduate students in a publicly funded university in Singapore. Using a qualitative research design, a total of 4 focus groups involving some 33 graduate international students from 8 countries were conducted. It was found that their expectations were set mainly in economic dimensions. These included good job opportunities, attractive salaries, and good career development prospects in Singapore. In terms of dispositions, participants' considerations for studying overseas were tied closely to the aspiration for graduate education as well as the perceived appeal of an educational qualification from Singapore. In terms of experiences, participants enjoyed pleasant encounters both on-campus and off-campus. Most felt welcomed and could cope well with their studies. This chapter paints a number of future trends before it concludes with a few implications for policy makers as well as suggestions for future research.
Computational Thinking and Mathematics
Authors: Barcelos Thiago Schumacher , Silveira Ismar Frango
Published: August 2014

On the one hand, ensuring that students archive adequate levels of Mathematical knowledge by the time they finish basic education is a challenge for the educational systems in several countries. On the other hand, the pervasiveness of computer-based devices in everyday situations poses a fundamental question about Computer Science being part of those known as basic sciences. The development of Computer Science (CS) is historically related to Mathematics; however, CS is said to have singular reasoning mechanics for problem solving, whose applications go beyond the frontiers of Computing itself. These problem-solving skills have been defined as Computational Thinking skills. In this chapter, the possible relationships between Math and Computational Thinking skills are discussed in the perspective of national curriculum guidelines for Mathematics of Brazil, Chile, and United States. Three skills that can be jointly developed by both areas are identified in a literature review. Some challenges and implications for educational research and practice are also discussed.
Needs Satisfaction of Stakeholders and Socio-Economic Factors as Indicators of Curriculum Reforms in Technical Vocational Education and Training in Nigeria
Authors: Attaochu Egbita Ugbalu
Published: August 2014

This chapter examines needs satisfaction of stakeholders and some socio-economic factor justification for curriculum reforms in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). The study used random samples of 134 technical teachers and 286 ST3 students from the population of 136 teachers and 1002 ST3 students in all 6 Public Technical Colleges in Kogi State. A researcher-developed instrument called needs satisfaction of stakeholders: a case for TVET curriculum reform with a KR-21 reliability index of .73 was used to collect the data. Two null hypotheses were tested at .05 alpha levels using the t-test statistics. Results showed that respondents were unanimous in their responses that the stakeholders' (students, employers, and the public) needs were not satisfied with the TVET curriculum.
Multiliteracies Pedagogy
Authors: Rochester Ramonia R.
Published: August 2014

The converging global environment has given rise to a social-constructivist approach to new literacy pedagogical and learning practices. Emergent digital and social spaces have created new literacy or multiliteracies. Support for multiliteracies is an inherently social construct which encapsulates human capital and Information Communications Technology (ICT), including technical and administrative infrastructure, policy and school culture, and teacher training and collaborative support. Several variables intervene in the pedagogical landscape in support of new literacy development in adolescent learners. Students become both producers and transmitters of multiliteracies through transformed practice and by forming social and professional identities, facilitated through authentic learning experiences. ICT is both a literacy as well as the media which support 21st century new literacy development. As socio-economic factors determine the availability and use of technology in the classroom, the hegemonic use of print and the inability to access “digital geographies” creates a digital divide. As literacy pedagogy continues to unfold, creative instruction must be employed in ensuring the development of multiliteracies through providing scaffolding, critical framing, and authentic learning experiences for students and teachers alike. This is explored in this chapter.
Creating a Sustainable Program for Ethics in Student Affairs
Authors: Van Wingerden Christina , Ellis Maureen , Pratt Jr. Theodore W.
Published: August 2014

Ethics is an important thread within higher education student affairs. Creating avenues for intentional, sustainable dialogues and consistent education for employees, one Ethics Officer at a four-year public university in the Northwest embarked on understanding the ethical climate to improve how student affairs professionals interact with students. The goal of this mixed-method design study examined the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of its division administrators about ethics, the ethical climate of a university student affairs division, and the design of an ethical training curriculum for division employees. This chapter reviews the current literature about ethics in higher education, organizational ethical climates, industry standards, and gaps in performance, while providing insights and ideas about best practices.
The Readiness, Challenges, and Expected Support for Chinese Students' Overseas Study
Authors: Wang Chengbo , Li Xiaomei , Mao Zhaofang
Published: August 2014

This empirical investigation focuses on the readiness of the overseas study of potential Chinese business and management programme students and the challenges anticipated by them as well as their expected support from the destination institutes/staff based on a research conducted with undergraduate students from a top public university in China. The chapter presents insights on the relevant issues meaningful for Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) in English-Speaking Developed Countries (ESDCs, such as UK) that are the main host countries for Chinese international students. The research findings provide an informed guidance to British/ESDCs' HEIs in facilitating and teaching Chinese students to ensure their fruitful learning experience and to enhance their academic competence; the findings can also inform the Chinese institutes to prepare their students for a successful overseas education.
When Our Changing Society Meets the Social Media Era
Authors: Nisiforou Efi A. , Laghos Andrew
Published: August 2014

The rapid growth and the popularity of Social Network Sites (SNSs) are increasingly attracting the attention of millions of students for many different purposes. The chapter reviews the background of the current social media research in relation to the international literature and tackles the most important findings. The practical part of the chapter outlines the results of a survey on social media services. The findings provide real research evidence on online social technology use amongst university students. The chapter has educational and theoretical significance and shapes future directions for research on this issue. A compendium of terms, definitions, and explanations of concepts is clearly explained.
Research-Based Climate Change Public Education Programs
Authors: Hartman Mary Beth
Published: August 2014

Despite widespread natural disasters being linked to a warming planet, Americans continue to be a nation divided on climate change-related issues. This division and resulting disengagement stand between the implementation of new and effective policies. There is a critical need to move beyond the gridlocked debate on global warming to a place where decision makers can begin to develop effective strategies to make our communities and future more resilient. An informed and engaged public is necessary to implement change. Utilizing the research behind science communication, opinion leadership, and issue framing, effective public education programs and campaigns can be developed to build public understanding and engagement. This is explored in this chapter.
A Study of Problems Faced by Diploma of Associate Engineering Graduates on the Job in Pakistan
Authors: Mashooq Muhammad , Muhammad Khushi
Published: August 2014

Unemployment is one of the biggest problems of the modern world, and Pakistan is not an exception. Those who get jobs face a number of problems in their workplace. This chapter identifies various problems faced by Diploma of Associate Engineering graduates (DAE) on the job in Pakistan. The population of the study is comprised of DAE graduates and their managers/engineers. The findings of this study indicate that diploma engineers face a number of problems related to administration, working conditions, and professional development. Regarding promotion of diploma engineers, the promotion policy is not followed properly and there is a need to change it. From the analysis of narrative data, it is found that diploma engineers are not satisfied with family accommodation and pay scale. At the end of study, recommendations are made to overcome the above-mentioned problem areas.
Academics' Perceptions of Using Technology with Face-to-Face Teaching
Authors: Torrisi-Steele Geraldine
Published: August 2014

Many academics are using technology in their teaching, and universities are strongly involved in the provision of support to help academics make the most effective use of the technology. How academics perceive technology for teaching partly filters their response to the provided support. It is therefore useful to explore academics' perceptions of the use of technology in teaching. The study (N=53) reported on in this chapter provides insights into academic perceptions of teaching with technology by addressing the questions: (1) Which teaching tools (both face-to-face teaching and digital) are most popular? (2) For what purpose are the tools being used? (3) Do academics intend to extend their current use of technology with face-to-face teaching for the purposes of implementing learning strategies? and (4) Which feasibility conditions do academics perceive to be important to the realization of their intended use of technology ? The results of the study show that, for the academics in the study, face-to-face teaching is perceived as the preferred tool, especially for learning purposes such as helping students to understand concepts. The use of technology by the academics was limited to the simpler digital tools, and these were used mostly for non-learning-related purposes such as communication. However, the academics expressed the intent to increase their use of technology for improving learning in the future, and perceived feasibility conditions such as professional and technical support, teaching facilities, and especially time to be important to the realization of their intentions.
A Comparative Analysis of Single-Sex Education in the United Kingdom and Australia
Authors: Rochester Ramonia R.
Published: August 2014

Single-gender education or Single-Sex Education (SSE) has reemerged in the educational reform discussion as experts seek to establish clearer pathways to literacy in the 21st century. SSE discusses how students learn best in a convergent global model of emergent literacy practices. Views of single-gender education in the UK and Australia differ with respect to motivational underpinnings and perceptions of the efficacy of SSE. Central to the SSE debate in both countries is the widening achievement gap between boys and girls, particularly in the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines. Both countries are moving toward a parallel model of SSE, offering gender-differentiated instruction in single-gender classrooms within co-educational schools. The chapter compares SSE in the two countries with respect to gender perspectives in curriculum and pedagogy; cultural, religious, and socio-economic motivations in school orientations; and the perceived returns on education for students schooled in a single-sex environment.
The Opportunities of Educational Internet Resources in the Development of Students' Research Skills (on the Example of Webquest and Educational Blog)
Authors: Darinskaya Larisa , Molodtsova Galina
Published: August 2014

The purpose of this chapter is to identify the possibilities of educational blogs and webquests in the organization of independent work of students oriented to the development of such research skills as search, analysis, and systematization of thematic information. The authors use a set of methods and procedures to determine experimentally the degree of development of these skills. The experiment confirms the existence of three levels of formed students ' research skills—high, medium, and low—depending on the level of development of verbal intelligence of the participants. The received data during the formative experiment confirms the positive dynamics of formation of Russian students ' research skills by means of educational Internet resources. The authors reveal the specific advantages of the use of the webquests and educational blogs for the development of students` research skills: visibility, structuring, versatility, interactivity.
The Need of a Multidimensional Analysis for the Success of E-Learning Programs
Authors: Fainholc Beatriz
Published: August 2014

Many e-education practitioners consider online learning programs to be an effective proposal looking at the instrumental rationality and applying only quantitative tools for the evaluation/research. However, in practice they have shown difficulties in assuring university program quality and solving many problems: dropouts, improvement of learning outcomes, qualified labor occupancy, etc. It is necessary to formulate and practice a multidimensional approach including a strong socio-cultural interpretation of the scenarios and needs of the participants-users, the prevalent philosophy and mentalities of the people and contexts, towards a genuine improvement of the e-learning programs. A qualitative multi-dimensional model establishes more awareness of the program components and gives inputs/recommendations to know more, to adjust/re-design implementation and evaluation processes of the virtual proposals confronted with practice. Those considerations should be studied according the pertinence (or not) of the political decision-making centrality. The existent (or not) professionalization of tutors and evaluators, a sustainable investments in infrastructure, the organizational communication models, and more have to be taken into account. The model has to be discussed and criticized beyond the different results that recent studies have yielded, including the same socio-cultural aspects that several studies have determined lately. This chapter explores this.
The Premises for Learning Successful Virtual Collaboration in Self-Organizing Teams
Authors: Lainema Timo
Published: August 2014

In this chapter, the authors introduce a global synchronous e-learning platform that is used for teaching virtual collaboration, multicultural communication, and business process management. The platform has been used in joint learning sessions between international universities, and the data of the study has been gathered from self-reflecting essays of the participating university students. The authors analyze the data from the point of view of how the students create a social and cultural identity in this totally virtual environment in which no student will probably ever meet face-to-face his or her team members and collaboration partners. They consider both the environment as a social construction as well as an environment that is technology supported. In this respect, the chapter has several implications for educators in the present global and ever-technology-richer university environment.
The Socio-Cultural Dimensions of E-Learning in Turkish Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Reis Zerrin Ayvaz , Gulsecen Sevinc
Published: August 2014

Any individual is in constant communication with the society and cultural environment surrounding him/her. An active and productive interaction between the individual and society is attained through the studies in the field of education. At a time when information and technology is of paramount importance, education is not only limited to providing jobs for the young. The current circumstances have destined education to be multidimentional in such a way that individuals can strengthen their personality traits (Gulsecen & Alaca, 2004). Cultural factors such as individual beliefs, value systems, and attitudes towards information sharing play a significant role in adoption of technology. In addition, social factors predispose students to the use of e-learning. Factors like infrastructure and underdevelopment of society sometimes hinder e-learning. According to some research, instructional design strategies must consider cultural differences and their effect to promote successful e-training experiences. In Turkey, distance education projects have recently been carried out in several educational institutions, most of which are at the higher education level, and they do not provide educational access to learners in elementary and secondary schools. In this chapter, the authors identify those social and cultural factors that aid or impede e-learning in higher education institutions in Turkey.
Successful Cases in Technology-Enabled Active Teaching and Metacognitive Learning Strategies in Blended Learning for Globalization
Authors: Gurubatham Mohan
Published: August 2014

This chapter draws from actual accredited graduate programs. It is essentially a reflection piece drawn from actual experience of successful teaching and blended action learning practices and principles that utilized online discussion forums. The classes were in Malaysia, the USA, and South Africa. The experience of teaching and learning involving metacognition and active online discussion internationally is described in terms of the cognitive literacy value chain developed by the author. Active discussion was seen as part and parcel of the process to nudge insights, critical thinking, and other expressions of higher order thinking that also facilitated peer bonding in very short, six-week semesters. The critical role of fluid intelligence in higher order thinking in a globalized knowledge economy is discussed in terms of the development of wisdom through the experience of transcending conventional thinking while sustaining refined thought processes and cultural values through metacognition. Sample comments and reflection journals are presented.
The Effects of E-Journal System on Organizational and Study Processes
Authors: Kuzminskis Saulius , Česonytė Giedrė , Fomin Vladislav V.
Published: August 2014

Motivated by practice of other schools, Europe Union policies, and The Republic of Lithuania's laws, Lithuanian schools are introducing e-journal systems to support pupils' learning, schools' administrative processes, as well as communication with parents and between different stakeholders of the schools' educational and administrative processes. In production-oriented firms, efficiency gains stemming from the introduction of Information Systems (IS) and Technologies (IT) to support the main functions of the firm can be estimated based on resource consumption and production volumes. In a learning- or knowledge-oriented organization, however, efficiency gains are difficult to estimate for a variety of reasons. Some reasons are a lack of previous research on the topic as well as a lack of practice among schools to monitor the effects of e-learning systems. In this chapter, the authors set the method for assessing changes in performance resulting from the introduction of an e-journal system in a secondary school. Following the theoretical model developed by Gaskin, the authors measure process changes using dimensions of productivity, efficiency, quality, and consistency. Besides describing methods for performance assessment, the study helps better understand the pros and cons of computerization of learning-oriented organizations and suggests venues for improvement in pursuing further computerization of schools in Lithuania.
eLearning as a Political Arena
Authors: Livermore Celia Romm , Raisinghani Mahesh , Rippa Pierluigi
Published: August 2014

The goal of this chapter is to study the political strategies utilized in the context of E-Learning. The research is based on the E-Learning Political Strategies (ELPoS) model. The model is based on two dimensions: (1) the direction of the political strategy (upward or downward) and (2) the scope of the political strategy (individual or group-based). The model assumes that the interaction between these dimensions will define four different types of E-Learning political strategies, which, in turn, will lead to different outcomes. The model is presented in the context of the literature on E-Learning and is accompanied with four short case studies that demonstrate its components. The discussion and conclusions section integrates the findings from the case studies and outlines the rules that govern the utilization of political E-Learning strategies in different organizational contexts, including the application of the model across cultures.
Mobile Engagement
Authors: Evans Elizabeth
Published: August 2014

The evolution of mobile technologies with the capacity to act as conduits to narrative media has led to the emergence of increasingly transmedia and pervasive storytelling practices. This chapter interrogates a mobile phone-based pervasive drama, The Memory Dealer (Lander, 2010), and a focus group run with participants, focusing on two “shifts” within the performance: from internally focused narrative (via headphones) to externally focused narrative (via public speakers) and from an individual experience to a communal experience. By considering how The Memory Dealer's audience responded to such shifts, it becomes possible to consider the inherent nature of being “an audience” of transmedia narrative. It is argued that the experimental pervasive forms facilitated by mobile technologies raises the potential to critically re-examine the nature of media engagement and the technological, social, and cultural dynamics that shape and are shaped by that engagement.
Mobile Usability
Authors: Gallant Linda M. , Boone Gloria , LaRoche Christopher S.
Published: August 2014

Context and the pervasive environment play a much greater role in mobile technology usage than stationary technology for which usability standards and methods were traditionally developed. The examination of mobile usability shows complex issues due to the ubiquitous and portable nature of mobile devices. This chapter presents the current state of mobile usability testing. More specially, topics covered are various usability testing methods, contextual complexity, audio interfaces, eye and hands-free interactions, augmented reality, and recommendation systems.
Contextual Inquiry for a Climate Audio Interface
Authors: Goudarzi Visda
Published: August 2014

This chapter presents a contextual inquiry of climate scientists during data analysis tasks. Eighteen scientists volunteered for requirement-gathering interviews and focus groups. The interviews have been analyzed in order to determine the implications for a complementary audio interface based on sonification. Results show that climate scientists depend heavily on visualizations, and the amount and complexity of data to be displayed are huge. Climate metaphors are assessed to help develop an intuitive sound design of the interface. The outline and basic properties of the audio tool could be determined. Furthermore, user preference of sound for the auditory display has been evaluated. The volunteers evaluated the sounds aesthetically and associated them with climate parameters. The stimuli, which have been chosen as the sonically most appealing and associated with the same parameter, are considered the optimal ones for the auditory interface.
Website Interaction between a Football Club and its Supporters
Authors: Silva João , Isaías Pedro
Published: August 2014

Football teams can explore the benefits of Websites and increase their popularity through the creation of a well-designed Website that will attract users. The fact that football is the leading sport in most countries constitutes an advantage, as it becomes an appealing subject for Internet navigation. This chapter explores the type of relationship that the supporters of Sporting Clube de Portugal have with the football team on the club's official Website. This objective demands an analysis of the characteristics that a Website is required to have in order to attract and engage its intended users. Through a survey conducted via different social media and email communication, this study asked Sporting Clube de Portugal's supporters about their engagement with the Website. In addition, this chapter presents the features that users consider to be most important in a football club Website.
Augmented Reality Interfaces for Smart Objects in Ubiquitous Computing Environments
Authors: Yew A. W. W. , Ong S. K. , Nee A. Y. C.
Published: August 2014

It is the goal of ubiquitous computing (UbiComp) to hide computers from the users. Instead, everyday objects embedded with computer processing capability become smart objects that act as interfaces to computer software. A challenge with this new paradigm of computing is to create natural and obvious ways for people to interact with objects and receive output from the computer software that these objects serve as interfaces to. In this chapter, a solution is proposed whereby virtual user interfaces are added to smart objects. These virtual interfaces are viewed in augmented reality through personal viewing devices which also allow people to interact directly with them. The implementation of UbiComp environments and personal viewing devices is described in order to illustrate the use of current technology in creating user-friendly UbiComp environments.