bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neural and cognitive dynamics leading to the formation of strong memories: A meta-analysis and the SAM model
Authors: Kim Hongkeun
Published: February 2024

The subsequent memory paradigm is a fundamental tool in neuroimaging investigations of encoding processes. Although some studies have contrasted remembered trials with forgotten ones, others have focused on strongly remembered trials versus forgotten ones. This study employed a meta-analytic approach to juxtapose the effects observed in the two types of contrast. Three distinct perspectives on memory formation—semantic elaboration, attentional focus, and hippocampal processing—yield diverse hypotheses about the regions responsible for the formation of strong memories. The meta-analysis yielded evidence supporting the attentional and semantic hypotheses while failing to substantiate the hippocampal hypothesis. The discussion section integrates these varied perspectives into a coherent view, culminating in the proposal of a model called the Significance-driven and Attention-driven Memory (SAM). Several pivotal postulates underpin the SAM model. First, it establishes a link between fluctuations in the trial-to-trial encoding performance and continuous variations in sustained attention. Second, the model contends that attention exerts a potent influence on both perceptual and semantic processing, while its impact on hippocampal processing remains moderate. Lastly, the model accentuates the heightened role of the hippocampus in significance-driven encoding, as opposed to attention-driven encoding. From a specific perspective, the model’s value lies in promoting a holistic understanding of the current extensive meta-analytic results. In a more comprehensive context, the model introduces an integrated framework that synthesizes various encoding-related cognitive and neural processes into a cohesive and unified perspective.
Stereodiscus pseudotrivialis (Russulales, Basidiomycota), a new species from the Patagonian Andes of Argentina
Authors: GORJÓN S.P. , GRESLEBIN A.G.
Published: February 2024

The aim of this work is to contribute to the knowledge of the diversity of stereoid fungi growing in the Patagonian Andes. In a recent survey we have found a species of Stereodiscus growing on Nothofagus antarctica in Southern Argentina, closely related to Stereodiscus trivialis but with distinct smaller basidiospores and characteristically encrusted pseudocystidia. The new species is described based on morphological features and phylogenetic ITS and 28S nuc-LSU data. In addition, a key to the known species of Stereodiscus is provided.
A new species of Paraputo Laing (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) on Fagaceae from southern China
Authors: LI YUANG , ZHENG XINYI , WU SAN-AN
Published: February 2024

A new species of mealybug (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae), Paraputo nanlingensis Li & Wu, sp. n., is recorded on Fagaceae from Guangdong Province, China. The adult female is described and illustrated, and an identification key is provided to separate the adult females of Paraputo species known from China.
A new species of Sora Walker from Xizang, China (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Lagriinae)
Authors: ZHOU YONG , CHEN BIN
Published: February 2024

Sora phyllopa sp. nov. is described from Mêdog County, Xizang, China. This new species is characterized by the emarginate male profemora with protuberances on the ventral surface, expanded male metatibiae, as well as dentate female sutural angle. Habitus, aedeagus, and diagnostic features of the new species are illustrated.
Antibacterial Efficacy and Mechanical Strength of Direct Dental Composite Resins with Integrated Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: A Systematic Review of In-Vitro Studies
Authors: El Mourad Aminah M.
Published: February 2024

The present systematic review aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy and mechanical strength of direct dental composite resins with integrated metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs). A review was performed using different electronic databases employing MeSH terms for identifying
relevant published literature, without any restrictions on language and date of publication. The antibacterial activity of metal/metal oxide NPs-incorporated composites for the prevention of secondary caries was the primary outcome, whereas the mechanical strength was designated as the secondary
outcome. 6 studies used varying amounts of silver (AgNPs); 5 studies used zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs); 1 study used Ag-doped ZnO-NPs. Four studies found a statistically significant (p < 0.05) antibacterial activity of varying amounts of ZnO-NPs, five studies found a statistically significant
(p < 0.05) antibacterial activity of AgNPs, two studies reported a statistically non-significant (p > 0.05), however greater antibacterial activity, by the incorporation of AgNPs. All included studies reported that the mechanical strength of the composites was not compromised
by the addition of either ZnO-NPs or AgNPs. Metal/metal oxide-modified direct dental composite resins resulted in improved antibacterial efficacy without compromising their mechanical strength as compared to non-modified composite resins. However, it is imperative to determine an equilibrium
between the mechanical features and antibacterial activity of these materials, and more in vivo investigations are recommended in this aspect.
The Correlation Between the Level of Macrophages and Inflammatory Factors and the Clinical Prognosis of Acute Stroke
Authors: Sun Shengtong , Zhao Zhenqiang
Published: February 2024

Atherosclerosis is the primary mechanism of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to its association with inflammation and its impact on the formation, development, and stability of arterial plaques. In addition, AIS is characterized by a higher risk of poor prognosis, although the exact
mechanisms responsible for this remain unclear. Currently, there is a lack of laboratory indicators for early assessment of disease progression and prognosis in AIS. It is hypothesized that macrophages and inflammatory factors play a role in the subsequent deterioration of AIS, possibly through
their impact on cellular processes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between macrophages and inflammatory cytokines levels and clinical outcomes in individuals with acute stroke. A retrospective analysis was conducted of clinical data obtained from 252 AIS patients
who received treatment at our hospital. After a period of 6 months of treatment, the patients were categorized into groups with either a favorable or unfavorable prognosis, based on their scores on the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Subsequently, a comparative analysis was conducted on the clinical
data, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and inflammatory cytokines (hs-CRP, IL-6) between the two groups, followed by an assessment of the factors that significantly influenced poor prognosis in AIS using a logistic regression model. Finally, Spearman correlation analysis was employed
to excavate the relationship between MIF, hs-CRP, IL-6, and mRS. Analysis revealed that among the 252 patients with AIS, 75 individuals exhibited a poor prognosis, resulting in an incidence rate of 29.76%. The analysis using a logistic regression model demonstrated that MIF, hs-CRP, and IL-6
independently contributed to an increased risk of poor prognosis in AIS (P < 0.05). When assessing the ability to predict poor prognosis in AIS, the AUC for MIF, hs-CRP, and IL-6 were found to be 0.964, 0.723, and 0.774, respectively. Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity values
were obtained, with MIF exhibiting higher values of 0.867 and 0.944, respectively. hs-CRP had a sensitivity of 0.680 and a specificity of 0.701, while IL-6 demonstrated a specificity of 0.927 and a sensitivity of 0.413. The Spearman correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between
MIF, hs-CRP, and IL-6 and mRS (r = 0.634, 0.546, 0.530, all P < 0.001). In conclusion, the findings suggest that MIF, hs-CRP, and IL-6 are associated with poor prognosis in AIS and have the potential to serve as biomarkers for early prediction of AIS prognosis.
A Novel Polyphenolic Hydrogels Therapeutic Strategy for Diabetic Wounds Repair
Authors: Wang Chun , Qiao Yi-Xin , Huang Zhi-Qiang , Zeng Zhen , Pan Yan , Hu Xu-Lin , Dong Zhi-Hong
Published: February 2024

As we all know, diabetes patients greatly decrease their quality of life and increase their economic burden. Tissue regeneration in diabetic wounds is a worldwide clinical challenge due to immune, genetic, and environmental factors. Severe infectious wounds in diabetic patients can
potentially result in sepsis even amputation. Hence, it is necessary to use a rapid treatment strategy for effective anti-infection with hydrogel materials. Polyphenol polymers may quickly suppress reactive oxygen species of chronic inflammation for diabetic wounds. However, the instability
of polyphenols reduces the rate of wound healing, using a hydrogel carrier as a carrier can improve the stability of polyphenolic compounds and control their release to accelerate wound healing. This review elaborates on diabetic wound pathogenesis, the therapeutic effect of polyphenolic hydrogel,
including its preparation and stability, and the construction of the diabetes model, which provides a reference for the clinical treatment of diabetes.
Atmospheric and Oceanic Factors Related to the Increasing Summer High Temperature Extremes on the Tibetan Plateau under the Background of Global Warming
Authors: Wang Zunya , Jiang Xingwen , Ke Zongjian , Song Yafang
Published: February 2024

The related atmospheric and oceanic factors are investigated in this analysis to understand the natural attributes responsible for the significant increase of the high temperature extremes (HTEs) on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in summer. It is found that a stronger-than-normal South Asian high (SAH) and corresponding weaker-than-normal East Asian jet, an anomalous anticyclone and intensified midlevel westerly wind over the TP, and a more extensive, stronger, farther westward- and northward-stretching western Pacific subtropical high motivate more occurrences of HTEs over the TP on the interannual time scale. From 1961 to 2021, these crucial circulation patterns show a significant changing trend favorable for the occurrence of HTEs and thus contribute to its great increase. Further, the significant warmings of sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical western Indian, northern North Pacific, and western North Atlantic Oceans make great contributions through different air–sea interactive processes as the Matsuno–Gill response, zonal vertical circulation cell, and mid- to high-latitude teleconnection wave train, respectively. Meanwhile, the interdecadal variability plays an important role. A breakpoint at the early twenty-first century is detected in the occurrence of summer HTEs on the TP. Both the crucial circulation patterns and the SST anomalies in the key oceanic regions experienced significant interdecadal transition to favor the occurrence of HTEs. In particular, the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) is significantly and positively correlated with the interdecadal variation of summer HTEs on the TP. The zonal teleconnection wave train triggered by AMO forms a stronger-than-normal SAH and strengthened midlevel westerly airflow over the TP, conducive to the increase of summer HTEs on the TP.
Impact Analysis of Chinese Government Leadership in the Construction of a Public Service System of Preschool Education
Authors: Rong Liying , Deng Feng , Zhong Zhen , Spours Ken
Published: February 2024

Investment in preschool education is increasingly seen as a policy priority in middle and high-income countries due to the early benefits it provides children in their educational journeys. This article discusses the impact of recent increased investment in preschool education in China which has served as a correction to relative historical neglect. In this study a parental satisfaction survey evaluated the cost-sharing, equity of enrollment and quality of preschool education in a local urban governmental-led and multi-participant public service system of preschool education. In the context of the continued challenges of bridging gaps between policy and practice, results show that Government investment is beginning to have positive effects in terms of cost-sharing of preschool education with benefits to family incomes and significantly increasing the quality of preschool education. Parents of children in public provincial kindergartens provided higher satisfaction ratings for students’ development than parents of those in private provincial kindergartens. The article concludes by discussing the differing, but related roles of the Government and private providers in Chinese preschool education including the development of what is termed a “High-Quality Collaborative Education Ecosystem.”
Criminalized or Stigmatized? An Intersectional Power Analysis of the Charter School Treatment of Black and Latino Boys
Authors: Carey Roderick L.
Published: February 2024

As scholars account for the disproportional harm adolescent Black and Latino boys face in school, needed are studies that report on more than educator bias. Utilizing interviews and ethnographic observations from an urban charter school, I introduce and deploy the Intersectional School Power Model to illustrate how multiple school processes coalesced to uphold the criminalization of Black boys and stigmatization of Latino boys subtly and acutely. Findings show their (mis)treatment resulted from intersecting power arrangements across four school domains: the structural (e.g., organizational components), cultural (e.g., school norms), disciplinary (e.g., student corrective policies and practices), and interpersonal (e.g., daily interactions).
The mental health state of extended programme students at a South African university
Authors: Meintjes Rina
Published: February 2024

Due to the widespread occurrence of mental disorders among adolescents, there is globally a recognised need to assess the mental well-being of higher education students. Those in extended programmes, dealing with self-esteem and capability challenges intensified by peer and institutional attitudes, might face heightened susceptibility to mental health issues. Moreover, research suggests that the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic likely worsened students’ mental health difficulties. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of mental health issues among students in a South African university’s extended curriculum programme in 2022 while exploring potential gender differences. Furthermore, by comparing these findings to a 2017 study, it sought to assess the COVID-19 pandemic’s potential impact on the mental health of extended programme students. Paper-based questionnaires evaluated depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among first-year extended programme students in 2017 (pre-COVID, n = 208) and in 2022 (within the pandemic, post-lockdown, n = 202). The results showed consistently high levels of mental health issues for both cohorts, with no statistically significant difference between the cohorts. However, female students in the 2022 cohort faced notably more mental health challenges than their male peers. Universities should enhance mental health education and awareness campaigns and explore new counselling methods to assist the growing number of students in need of support. Further research ought to investigate the factors behind the heightened mental health issues, especially among female students.
Spectral-based Quantitative Ultrasound Imaging Processing Techniques: Comparisons of RF Versus IQ Approaches
Authors: Liu Mingrui , Kou Zhengchang , Zhao Yuning , Wiskin James W. , Czarnota Gregory J. , Oelze Michael L.
Published: February 2024

Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is an imaging technique which includes spectral-based parameterization. Typical spectral-based parameters include the backscatter coefficient (BSC) and attenuation coefficient slope (ACS). Traditionally, spectral-based QUS relies on the radio frequency (RF) signal to calculate the spectral-based parameters. Many clinical and research scanners only provide the in-phase and quadrature (IQ) signal. To acquire the RF data, the common approach is to convert IQ signal back into RF signal via mixing with a carrier frequency. In this study, we hypothesize that the performance, that is, accuracy and precision, of spectral-based parameters calculated directly from IQ data is as good as or better than using converted RF data. To test this hypothesis, estimation of the BSC and ACS using RF and IQ data from software, physical phantoms and in vivo rabbit data were analyzed and compared. The results indicated that there were only small differences in estimates of the BSC between when using the original RF, the IQ derived from the original RF and the RF reconverted from the IQ, that is, root mean square errors (RMSEs) were less than 0.04. Furthermore, the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) was calculated for ACS maps with a value greater than 0.96 for maps created using the original RF, IQ data and reconverted RF. On the other hand, the processing time using the IQ data compared to RF data were substantially less, that is, reduced by more than a factor of two. Therefore, this study confirms two things: (1) there is no need to convert IQ data back to RF data for conducting spectral-based QUS analysis, because the conversion from IQ back into RF data can introduce artifacts. (2) For the implementation of real-time QUS, there is an advantage to convert the original RF data into IQ data to conduct spectral-based QUS analysis because IQ data-based QUS can improve processing speed.
A Comparison of Smartphone-assisted and Computer Software Assisted Tracing with the Conventional Manual Method
Authors: Kastury Siddhartha , Kancherla Pavan , Reddy Sateesh Kumar , Chalasani Srikrishna
Published: February 2024

Introduction

In view of the increased use of computers and mobile technologies in orthodontics, there is a need for evaluating the accuracy of commercially available cephalometric software.

Aim

This study compares the accuracies of computer-assisted tracing, smartphone tracing with the manual method of tracing in the pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of the orthodontic patients.

Materials and Methods

A total of 100 cephalograms, both digital and hard copies, were collected from the records available in the department archives. Hard and soft copies were used for obtaining values of 17 parameters for comparison between different groups. i.e (Manual, NemoCeph®, AutoCeph®, CephNinja®, OneCeph®)

Results

No statistical significance between groups for SNA, SNB, ANB, FMA, SN-GoGn, U1-NA Angular,linear, L1-NB Angular, linear, IMPA and interincisal angle (p=0.798, 0.583, 0.895, 0.059, 0.140, 0.680, 0.161, 0.327, 0.906, 0.940, 0.789). A significant difference was seen for parameters Eff-Mx,Mn lengths and differential, L1-Occlusal plane, WITS, NLA.(p=0.000, 0.004, 0.018, 0.004, 0.025). Suggesting the possibility of use of software for tracing instead of manual method.

Conclusions

All the software (NemoCeph®, AutoCeph®, CephNinja®, OneCeph®)as well as applications performed satisfactorily and these can be used instead of manual tracing.
Police-Identified Psychological Distress, Substance Use, and Physical Violence Among Male Intimate Partner Stalkers
Authors: Landwehr Ebonnie , Roberts Lynne , Garratt-Reed David , Maxwell-Smith Chloe
Published: February 2024

Risk factors for stalking violence are not well understood and few studies have examined psychological distress and substance use specifically. This study aimed to assess whether factors extant in police data could predict severity of stalking violence against intimate partner victims. Western Australia Police Force provided data for 603 men linked to a stalking charge relating to a female intimate partner. Binomial logistic regressions showed police-identified histories of psychological distress and drug use predicted moderate violence, but not severe violence. A co-occurring history of drug use and alcohol use was the strongest predictor of moderate violence (OR = 6.8). These findings suggest accounting for violence severity and substance type when examining stalking violence risk factors. Whether psychological distress and/or substance use were active problems for the men during their stalking behavior is unknown, however the detection of these problems may indicate an unmet need for treatment among this group.
Analysis of different polypropylene waste bales: Evaluation of the source material for PP recycling
Authors: Geier Jutta , Bredács Márton , Witschnigg Andreas , Vollprecht Daniel , Oreski Gernot
Published: February 2024

The use of the polypropylene (PP) recyclates in certain processing methods and applications is still limited by their quality. The high melt flow rate (MFR) and the inconsistent properties of recyclates are common obstacles to their use. Therefore, this work aims to identify possible reasons for the low and inconsistent quality of PP recyclates depending on the source material in PP waste bales. The levels of polymeric and non-polymeric contaminants were assessed. As mixing of different PP grades is an issue for the MFR, the proportions of the different processing grades were also investigated and the potential of sorting by processing method to produce lower MFR recyclates was assessed. The analysis showed that the waste bales, although pre-sorted, still contained high amounts of contaminants. Injection moulding was found to be the predominant processing method in the bales, explaining the high MFR of PP recyclates. However, a sufficiently high amount of low MFR products was found in the bales, which seems promising for the production of low MFR recyclates. Seasonal variations in the composition of the waste bales were identified as one of the reasons for the inconsistent qualities of recyclates. These results highlight the importance of proper sorting and treatment of PP waste bales prior to reprocessing in order to obtain high-quality recycled products.
Teachers’ Psychological Distress and Work-Related Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Quebec (Canada)
Authors: Miconi Diana , Aigoin Manon , Audet Geneviève , Rousseau Cécile
Published: February 2024

COVID-19 has put additional stress on teachers, whose levels of psychological distress are concerning. However, studies that look at teachers’ work experiences and their association with psychological distress during the pandemic are lacking. This study aims to draw a portrait of psychological distress (i.e., symptoms of depression and anxiety) and work-related experiences (i.e., work engagement, workplace discrimination, interpersonal conflicts at work and quality of relationships among school staff) in a sample of preschool, primary and secondary school teachers in Quebec during the pandemic across socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, years of teaching experience, school level, region, immigrant status). In addition, we investigated whether work-related experiences were associated with psychological distress. A total of 818 teachers ( Mage = 44.5; SD = 9.04; 82.8% women) responded to an online questionnaire. Linear and logistic regression analyses were implemented. Results showed concerning levels of both anxiety and depressive symptoms in our sample. Gender, immigrant status and school level differences in the perception of the work environment emerged. Higher reported work engagement, fewer interpersonal conflicts at work and a better quality of relationships among school staff were all independently and statistically significantly associated with lower psychological distress. Promoting a cohesive school climate among school personnel can protect teachers from psychological distress in times of adversity. A socio-ecological approach to research and intervention that considers work experiences in terms of both engagement and quality of relationships is warranted to improve teachers’ well-being and contribute to a positive learning environment in schools for adults and students alike.
Health Equity as a Guide for Urban Planning
Authors: Tan Shin Bin , Binet Andrew , Thompson J Phil , Arcaya Mariana
Published: February 2024

Urban planning has struggled to establish a consensus on what “good” planning looks like and instead grapples with balancing competing planning priorities and perspectives. This paper proposes that planners and planning scholars look to health equity as a guiding “north star.” We justify this proposal by reviewing scholarship at the intersection of planning and public health. Drawing from empirical and theoretical work linking urban planning, health, and social equity, we recommend planners adopt participatory and anti-racist practices; implement cross-sectoral strategies beyond the professional boundaries of urban planning or public health; and learn from diverse data sources, research methods, and geographic contexts.
Reduced miR-99a-3p levels in systemic lupus erythematosus may promote B cell proliferation via NCAPG and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Zhu Qing-huan , Zhou Ya-li , Yang Meng , Yang Bin-bin , Cao Wen-ting , Yuan Li-mei , Deng Dan-qi
Published: February 2024

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an immunologically dysregulated disease characterized by the presence of multiple autoantibodies. In SLE, B lymphocytes contribute to the dysregulated production of autoantibodies and cytokines. Recently, we discovered that miR-99a-3p binds to both EIF4EBP1 and NCAPG mRNA and that lowering miR-99a-3p can promote B cell autophagy in SLE by increasing EIF4EBP1 expression. However, the functions of miR-99a-3p and NCAPG in SLE have not been extensively investigated.

Objective

This work aims to evaluate the levels of miR-99a-3p and NCAPG expression in SLE B cells and to determine whether the aberrant expression of miR-99a-3p and NCAPG contributes to the pathological mechanisms in SLE.

Methods

B lymphocytes were obtained through immunomagnetic negative selection. Using RT-qPCR, miR-99a-3p and NCAPG mRNA expressions in B lymphocytes and in the BALL-1 cell line were measured. To determine the relative abundance of NCAPG, PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT, we normalize them to the level of β-actin using Western blotting. Evaluation of miR-99a-3p and NCAPG’s impact on cell proliferation was done utilizing CCK-8 assay. Using flow cytometry, the cell cycle and apoptosis were both measured.

Results

Comparing SLE B cells to healthy controls, miR-99a-3p expression was significantly downregulated. Additionally, it was observed that SLE B cells had significantly higher NCAPG mRNA expression. Blocking miR-99a-3p expression in BALL-1 cells with an antagomir elevated NCAPG expression, facilitated PI3K/AKT pathway activation, improved cell proliferation, raised the fraction of S-phase cells, and prevented cell apoptosis. The opposite effects of upregulated miR-99a-3p levels on BALL-1 cells were observed by using an agomir. Furthermore, the effect of decreased miR-99a-3p expression on cell proliferation was partially mediated by elevating NCAPG levels and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Conclusion

Our research indicates that lower miR-99a-3p expression in SLE B cells appears to boost B cell number via the NCAPG and PI3K/AKT pathways.
Ethical considerations for artificial intelligence use in nursing informatics
Authors: Watson Adrianna L
Published: February 2024

Artificial intelligence revolutionizes nursing informatics and healthcare by enhancing patient outcomes and healthcare access while streamlining nursing workflow. These advancements, while promising, have sparked debates on traditional nursing ethics like patient data handling and implicit bias. The key to unlocking the next frontier in holistic nursing care lies in nurses navigating the delicate balance between artificial intelligence and the core values of empathy and compassion. Mindful utilization of artificial intelligence coupled with an unwavering ethical commitment by nurses may transform the very essence of nursing.
Multi-professional perspectives to reduce moral distress: A qualitative investigation
Authors: Fantus Sophia , Cole Rebecca , Usset Timothy J , Hawkins Lataya E
Published: February 2024

Background

Encounters of moral distress have long-term consequences on healthcare workers’ physical and mental health, leading to job dissatisfaction, reduced patient care, and high levels of burnout, exhaustion, and intentions to quit. Yet, research on approaches to ameliorate moral distress across the health workforce is limited.

Research Objective

The aim of our study was to qualitatively explore multi-professional perspectives of healthcare social workers, chaplains, and patient liaisons on ways to reduce moral distress and heighten well-being at a southern U.S. academic medical center.

Participants & Research Context

Purposive sampling and chain-referral methods assisted with recruitment through hospital listservs, staff meetings, and newsletters. Interested participants contacted the principal investigator and all interviews were conducted in-person. Consent was attained prior to interviews. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim.

Research Design

Directed content analysis was used to deductively organize codes and to develop themes in conjunction with the National Academy of Medicine’s National Plan for Health Workforce Well-Being. Rigor was attained through peer-debriefing, data triangulation methods, and frequent research team meetings.

Ethical Considerations

Ethics approval was obtained from the university and medical center institutional review boards.

Findings

Themes demonstrate that rather than offering interventions in the aftermath of moral distress, multilevel daily practices ought to be considered that pre-emptively identify and reduce morally distressing encounters through (1) the care team, (2) management and leadership, and (3) the health care industry. Strategies include interdisciplinary decision-making, trusting managerial relationships, and organizational policies and practices that explicitly invest in mental health promotion and diverse leadership opportunities.

Conclusion

Moral distress interventions ought to target short-term stress reactions while also addressing the long-term impacts of moral residue. Health systems must financially commit to an ethical workplace culture that explicitly values mental health and well-being.
Charting an Economic Sustainability Path: Quantile Regression Analysis of Green Finance and Financial Development in Newly Industrialized Economies
Authors: Mehmood Saqib , Kaewsaeng-on Rudsada
Published: February 2024

Sustainability, once a fringe concept, has become a central theme in global discourse, commanding the attention of governments, industries, and individuals alike. Newly industrialized countries (NICs) stand as exemplars of economies in transition, teetering on the precipice of prosperity and vulnerability. The present study aimed to chart economic sustainability through green finance and financial development in NICs. The study uses Panel Quantile Regression (PQR) and robustness analysis using annual data from 1998 to 2022. Overall, the study results indicate heterogeneity in the impacts of green finance, financial development, and foreign direct investment on the economic sustainability of NICs. The findings from the PQR unveiled that green finance contributes to economic sustainability in lower and middle quantiles (15th, 25th and 50th quantiles) while showing negative but insignificant effects in higher quantiles (75th and 95th quantiles). Financial development is proxied through three distinct variables; however, the heterogeneity in the results of all the quantiles can be witnessed. In addition, the positive and significant impacts of FDI were validated approximately across all quartiles (15–75th), but positive and insignificant effects are endorsed in the 95th quantile. Compared heterogeneous panel estimators support analogous results; however, the amplitude of their parameters varied substantially. Finally, quantile slope equality and symmetric quantiles test as robustness analysis confirmed the authenticity of the results. Therefore, this study’s empirical findings can assist policymakers in comprehending how green finance, financial development, and FDI can achieve economic sustainability and address sustainability issues.

JEL Classification F43, F65, O11, Q20
Environmental Governance in Small Cities: Decentralization, Municipal Capacity and Autonomy in Gujarat and West Bengal
Authors: Véron René , Zimmer Anna , Cornea Natasha , Sanchez Jérémie
Published: February 2024

India’s 74th Constitutional Amendment obliges state governments to devolve responsibilities related to urban environmental resources and services to the Urban Local Bodies. However, the existing literature points to deficiencies in urban decentralization, including a mismatch between resources and responsibilities, financial constraints, and a lack of capacities at the municipal level. This article, based on comparative fieldwork and analysis of environmental governance in four small cities in Gujarat and West Bengal, two states representing contrasting subnational political regimes, largely confirms the literature on urban decentralization, but it also shows important differences between the two states. Municipal governance reflects state-level regime types to some extent: While an efficient local and parastatal bureaucracy spearheads investments in environmental infrastructure in Gujarat, relatively autonomous elected municipal councillors in West Bengal guide a widely spread creation of small environmental assets. The availability of more untied funds at the local level in Gujarat than in West Bengal leads to more pronounced intra-state variation and opens possibilities for more substantial municipal agency.
Strengthening Relationships: Children’s Participation in a Family Group Approach to Family Violence
Authors: Pennell Joan , Basque Kristen , Najenson Ruth , Nixon Paul , Inglis Sharon
Published: February 2024

Family violence strains family relationships and cultural ties. A family group approach strengthens these relationships by centering the family, their relatives, and close supports in safeguarding all members. Risk-averse jurisdictions, however, may prohibit the practice, and workers may hesitate to invite the children. Such responses diminish the opportunity for adults to be inspired by the children to act and for children to gain participatory competence and pride in their family. To support the involvement of family, this article offers strategies shaped to local settings. Reaching into their extensive experience of family group conferences or circles in child welfare, the authors overview inclusive practices in four diverse places: Aotearoa New Zealand, United Kingdom, Mi’kmaq in Canada, and Israel.
Magnetorheological fluid in prostheses: A state-of-the-art review
Authors: Dutra Rina Mariane Alves , de Andrade Rafhael Milanezi , Soares Alcimar Barbosa , Thakor Nitish Vyomesh , Vimieiro Claysson Bruno Santos
Published: February 2024

Magnetorheological fluids (MRF) are intelligent materials that can vary their yield stress in response to an applied magnetic field. This characteristic, combined with active and multifunctional control, allows the development of actuators with fast response time, low energy consumption, long service life, and reduced dimensions and weights. Various studies have been conducted to improve MR dampers in prosthetic applications, including knees, ankle-foot, hands, and sockets. Here, we present a critical review of the progress of MRFs in the prosthetic field. In addition, research in prostheses’ design, optimization, and control of magnetorheological actuators is investigated, along with MRF modeling, mode of operation, type of MR actuator, classification, and working principle of MRF-based devices. Although MRFs are considered promising materials for designing novel prosthetic devices, this review shows that applications have been predominantly focused on lower limb prostheses. We conclude by discussing possible future applications and challenges that must be faced to enable and improve commercial applications based on MRF technology.
Impact behavior of a novel magnetorheological energy absorber based on wedge-shaped squeeze flow model
Authors: Li Zhuqiang , Fu Benyuan , Liao Changrong
Published: February 2024

Magnetorheological (MR) energy absorbers (MREAs) have been extensively investigated as a means of dissipating impact energy and decreasing injury as well as used in a wide range of applications. When applied as an accidental collision buffer, however, problems can arise owing to the inertia of the sudden impact. In this study, a novel MREA with a gradient resistance gap structure working in a wedge-shaped squeeze flow model of a high-viscosity linear polysiloxane-based MR fluid was developed. The MREA has a continuously changing working gap and internal magnetic flux density gradient distribution representing a wedge-shaped structure. A Power-Law model inclusive of fluid minor losses (PLM)- of the damping force of an MREA with a wedge-shaped resistance gap was built to study the impact behavior. A second model also considered the effects of inertia (PLMI). The wedge angle was defined to quantitatively and comprehensively characterize the effects of the wedge-shaped resistance gap because of its significant influence on the dynamic characteristics. Two MREAs with wedge-shaped and equidistant working gaps were fabricated and tested using a drop tower facility with a mass of 600 kg. The experimental results show that the maximum damping force of the MREA with a wedge-shaped resistance working gap reached to as high as 235.8 kN and the dynamic range is increased by 6.5% compared to that with an equidistant working gap. The relative errors of the peak force for impact velocities between 2.8 and 4.2 m s−1 with no applied current were 1.84%–3.67% (PLM) and 0.63%–1.91% (PLMI), and with 3 A applied current were 2.35%–4.99% (PLM), and 1.24%–2.72% (PLMI), demonstrating that the PLMI-based model is capable of accurately predicting the dynamic behavior of the MREA.
Monitoring damage of concrete beams via self-sensing cement mortar coating with carbon nanotube-nano carbon black composite fillers
Authors: Qiu Liangsheng , Li Linwei , Ashour Ashraf , Ding Siqi , Han Baoguo
Published: February 2024

Self-sensing concrete used in coating form for structural health monitoring of concrete structures has the merits of cost-effectiveness, offering protective effect on structural components, enabling electrical measurements unaffected by steel reinforcement and is also convenient to maintain and replace. This paper investigates the feasibility of using self-sensing cement mortar coating containing carbon nanotube-nano carbon black (CNT-NCB) composite fillers (CNCFs) for damage monitoring of concrete beams. The self-sensing cement mortar coated to concrete beams demonstrated outstanding electrical conductivity (resistivity ranging from 18 to 85 Ω·cm). Under monotonic flexural loadings, self-sensing cement mortar coating with 1.8 vol.% CNCFs featured sensitive self-sensing performance in terms of capturing the initiation of vertical cracks at pure bending span of concrete beams, with fractional change in resistivity (FCR) reaching up to 60.6%. Moreover, FCR variations of self-sensing cement mortar coating exhibited good synchronization and stability with the variation of mid-span deflections of concrete beams during cyclic flexural loadings irrespective of the contents of CNCFs and cyclic amplitudes. Remarkably, it was found that FCR of cement mortar coating basically showed a progressive upward tendency, representing irreversible increase in the resistance during cyclic loading. The irreversible residual FCR indicated the crack occurrence and damage accumulation of concrete beams.
Should an Incumbent Store Deter Entry of a Socially Responsible Retailer?
Authors: Korpeoglu C Gizem , Körpeoğlu Ersin , Tang Christopher S , Yu Jiayi Joey
Published: February 2024

Should an incumbent for-profit retailer deter a “socially responsible” store from entering the market? As a differentiation strategy to avoid direct price competition with well-established retailers, some socially responsible stores (or brands) enter the market with a “pre-commitment” to donate a certain proportion of their (A) profits or (B) revenues to charities. Because these charitable donations generate a “warm-glow” effect for consumers, these socially responsible stores can use pre-committed donations to gain market access. In this paper, we present a game-theoretic model in which a socially responsible retailer enters the market to compete with an incumbent for-profit retailer. We determine and compare the incumbent retailer’s deterrence strategies (i.e., deter or tolerate) across different types of socially responsible stores. Our equilibrium analysis generates the following insights. First, the incumbent retailer’s deterrence strategy depends on its cost advantage over the socially responsible store, and hinges upon the socially responsible store’s entry cost, pre-commitment level, and its warm-glow effect. Second, even if the incumbent retailer can profitably deter the socially responsible retailer’s entry, the incumbent retailer can actually be better off by tolerating instead of deterring its entry when the socially responsible store’s entry cost is low and the incumbent store’s cost advantage is not significant. Third, relatively speaking, a type (B) store that donates a portion of its revenue is more vulnerable unless it can generate a much higher warm-glow effect. We extend our analysis numerically to examine the case when the pre-committed proportion is endogenously determined and obtain similar structural results.
Reducing Social Stratification Bias in Referendum Participation: Evidence from the German Local Level
Authors: Velimsky Jan A. , Vetter Angelika , Bächtiger Andre
Published: February 2024

Political participation is socially distorted: Socio-economic resources affecting the probability of individuals becoming politically active question the principle of political equality. Such inequality in participation based on social stratification is well documented for elections, while research on inequality in referendum participation is still scarce. Based on the observation that such inequality varies between referendums, this paper explores referendum-specific contextual factors that may affect socially distorted referendum participation. We leverage information from an original dataset covering 1788 districts in 35 German municipalities for 68 local referendums held between 2000 and 2019. The results of our multilevel models indicate that concurrent first-order elections boost referendum turnout and decrease social stratification, while the closeness of the decision increases turnout but does not affect stratification bias. Moreover, we find a curvilinear relationship between turnout and stratification, with stratification only diminishing from participation levels above 40–50%.
Adaptive sliding mode control for vibration reduction on UAV carrying a payload
Authors: Geronel Renan S , Bueno Douglas D
Published: February 2024

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been used to transport a variety of payloads, including medical materials, foods, and different electronic devices. This type of innovation generates important concerns regarding payload integrity, mainly when involving medical goods that can be affected by vibration. This paper presents the flight dynamics of suspended payload carried by an UAV, considering a flexible attachment between a quadrotor and its payload. Adaptive sliding mode control (ASMC) is proposed to enhance the trajectory tracking and consequently minimize the payload vibration. Adaptive coefficients are introduced to compensate the payload dynamics and uncertainties, which are computed for each proposed trajectory and cargo mass. The proposed adaptive control can efficiently compensate the extra dynamics and uncertainties caused by the attached payload, regardless of the chosen trajectory and weight of the cargo. A root mean square–based index is used to quantitatively evaluate the oscillations. The results show a significant attenuation of the undesired oscillations up to 27%, when the adaptive control is used. Therefore, the use of the proposed ASMC aims to guarantee an improved trajectory tracking and the attenuation of residual oscillations on the main state variables, allowing to be safely employed for transporting several types of medicines, including those sensitive to vibration and those that are dropped during a flight.
Marine Envenomation in Okinawa: Overview and Treatment Concept
Authors: Hughey Scott B. , Kotler Joshua A. , Ozaki Yuriko , Itani Yuki , Fukuzawa Fumitoshi , Yanagimoto Tatsuma , Takamatsu Ko , Koito Shu , Suzuki Hiroki , Nishihira Yoshimasa , Hughey Anna C. , Nagata Takashi
Published: February 2024

Okinawa prefecture is a popular tourist destination due to its beaches and reefs. The reefs host a large variety of animals, including a number of venomous species. Because of the popularity of the reefs and marine activities, people are frequently in close contact with dangerous venomous species and, thus, are exposed to potential envenomation. Commonly encountered venomous animals throughout Okinawa include the invertebrate cone snail, sea urchin, crown-of-thorns starfish, blue-ringed octopus, box jellyfish, and fire coral. The vertebrates include the stonefish, lionfish, sea snake, and moray eel. Treatment for marine envenomation can involve first aid, hot water immersion, antivenom, supportive care, regional anesthesia, and pharmaceutical administration. Information on venomous animals, their toxins, and treatment should be well understood by prehospital care providers and physicians practicing in the prefecture.
High-velocity impact performance of sandwich panels with additively manufactured hierarchical honeycomb cores: An experimental and numerical study
Authors: Ul Haq Ahsan , Narala Suresh Kumar Reddy
Published: February 2024

The honeycomb sandwich panel presents a highly promising solution for enhancing ballistic behavior owing to its excellent strength-to-weight ratio and impact resistance. This study focuses on investigating the shock mitigation properties of honeycomb sandwich panels through experimentation and numerical simulation of high-velocity impact tests. Single-scale and double-scale hierarchical honeycomb cores are manufactured using selective laser melting with AlSi10Mg powder, combined with a pair of stainless steel (SS 316) sheets. High-velocity impact experiments were conducted within a velocity ranging from 100 to 270 m/s to examine the effects of different cores and projectile nose shapes on the dynamic response of the panels. Numerical simulations using ABAQUS/Explicit software were performed and validated against the experimental results. The sandwich panel with a double-scale hierarchical honeycomb core exhibited 7.8% and 6.1% more energy absorption compared to the single-scale hierarchical honeycomb core against conical and hemispherical nose projectiles, respectively. Additionally, the ballistic limit for the hemispherical projectile was found to be 8.9% higher than the conical-nose projectile under the same impact velocity and panel thickness. Moreover, an increase in panel thickness from 12 mm to 25 mm prompted a significant improvement of approximately 39% in specific energy absorption and a 44% increase in ballistic limit velocity. These findings highlight the considerable potential of single-scale and double-scale hierarchical honeycomb sandwich panels for the development of threat-resistant structures in critical dynamic loading applications.