bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sorbitol production from mixtures of molasses and sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate using the thermally adapted Zymomonas mobilis ZM AD41
Authors: Phannarangsee Yupaporn , Jiawkhangphlu Bunyapon , Thanonkeo Sudarat , Klanrit Preekamol , Yamada Mamoru , Thanonkeo Pornthap
Published: March 2024

Byproducts from the sugarcane manufacturing process, specifically sugarcane molasses (SM) and sugarcane bagasse (SB), can be used as alternative raw materials for sorbitol production via the biological fermentation process. This study investigated the production of sorbitol from SM and sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate (SBH) using a thermally adapted Zymomonas mobilis ZM AD41. Various combinations of SM and SBH on sorbitol production using batch fermentation process were tested. The results revealed that SM alone (FM1) or a mixture of SM and SBH at a ratio of 3:1 (FM2) based on the sugar mass in the raw material proved to be the best condition for sorbitol production by ZM AD41 at 37 °C. Further optimization conditions for sorbitol production revealed that a sugar concentration of 200 g/L and a CaCl2 concentration of 5.0 g/L yielded the highest sorbitol content. The maximum sorbitol concentrations produced by ZM AD41 in the fermentation medium containing SM (FM1) or a mixture of SM and SBH (FM2) were 31.23 and 30.45 g/L, respectively, comparable to those reported in the literature using sucrose or a mixture of sucrose and maltose as feedstock. These results suggested that SBH could be used as an alternative feedstock to supplement or blend with SM for sustainable sorbitol production. In addition, the fermentation conditions established in this study could also be applied to large-scale sorbitol production. Moreover, the thermally adapted Z. mobilis ZM AD41 is also a promising sorbitol-producing bacterium for large-scale production at a relatively high fermentation temperature using agricultural byproducts, specifically SM and SB, as feedstock, which could reduce the operating cost due to minimizing the energy required for the cooling system.
Artificial intelligence unravels interpretable malignancy grades of prostate cancer on histology images
Authors: Eminaga Okyaz , Saad Fred , Tian Zhe , Wolffgang Ulrich , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Ouellet Véronique , Azzi Feryel , Spieker Tilmann , Helmke Burkhard M. , Graefen Markus , Jiang Xiaoyi , Xing Lei , Witt Jorn H. , Trudel Dominique , Leyh-Bannurah Sami-Ramzi
Published: March 2024

Malignancy grading of prostate cancer (PCa) is fundamental for risk stratification, patient counseling, and treatment decision-making. Deep learning has shown potential to improve the expert consensus for tumor grading, which relies on the Gleason score/grade grouping. However, the core problem of interobserver variability for the Gleason grading system remains unresolved. We developed a novel grading system for PCa and utilized artificial intelligence (AI) and multi-institutional international datasets from 2647 PCa patients treated with radical prostatectomy with a long follow-up of ≥10 years for biochemical recurrence and cancer-specific death. Through survival analyses, we evaluated the novel grading system and showed that AI could develop a tumor grading system with four risk groups independent from and superior to the current five grade groups. Moreover, AI could develop a scoring system that reflects the risk of castration resistant PCa in men who have experienced biochemical recurrence. Thus, AI has the potential to develop an effective grading system for PCa interpretable by human experts.
Metal–organic cages for gas adsorption and separation
Authors: Zeng Qing-Wen , Hu Lianrui , Niu Yulian , Wang Dehua , Kang Yan , Jia Haidong , Dou Wei-Tao , Xu Lin
Published: March 2024

In this highlight, we summarize the design principle and representative examples of MOCs for gas adsorption and separation, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for designing more MOCs that can adsorb and purify gas.
Defect engineering improves CO2/N2 and CH4/N2 separation performance of MOF-801
Authors: Li Chen-Ning , Xu Wei-Guo , Liu Lin , Han Zheng-Bo
Published: March 2024

A defect engineering modification method was reported based on MOF-801(Zr) to enhance the CO2/N2 and CH4/N2 separation performance. The modified Zr-FA0.5 has stronger interaction with gases as a result of the shrinkage of the skeleton structure.
Metal-free cascade reactions for one-pot tetrahydroquinoxaline construction through nitroarene reduction and imine hydrogenation with water
Authors: Chen Yanqi , Hao Subin , Yin Lingfeng , Song Xinluo , Liu Zhiyao , Li Mingde , Dang Li
Published: March 2024

A metal-free one-pot cascade process of imines with B2cat2 and water has been developed to construct dihydroquinoxalinones and tetrahydroquinoxalines directly from readily available 2-nitroanilines or o-dinitrobenzenes with α-ketoesters and α-diketones.
Ion-incorporated titanium implants for staged regulation of antibacterial activity and immunoregulation-mediated osteogenesis
Authors: Wu Bingfeng , Tang Yufei , Yao Keyi , Luo Xin , Feng Shuqi , Wang Kai , Zhou Xuemei , Xiang Lin
Published: March 2024

By staged regulation for antibacterial activity in the early stage and the M2 activation mediated osteogenic activity in the late stage, Zn–Sr/TiO2 prevented implant-related infection and promoted excellent osseointegration.
Geometry of adipocyte packing in subcutaneous tissue contributes to nonlinear tissue properties captured through a Gaussian process surrogate model
Authors: Barsimantov Mandel Jacques , Solorio Luis , Tepole Adrian Buganza
Published: March 2024

We simulate RVEs, use a GP to interpolate and get insights about the mechanical response as a function of geometry, and incorporate the model into finite element simulations of drug delivery.
Preparation of modified humic acid/TiO2/P(AA-co-AM) nanocomposite hydrogels with enhanced dye adsorption and photocatalysis
Authors: Gong Xuankun , Sawut Amatjan , Simayi Rena , Wang Ziyue , Feng Yurou
Published: March 2024

A novel composite hydrogel with exceptional adsorption and photocatalytic properties was synthesized using modified coal-based humic acid (HA-C), modified titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, acrylic acid (AA), and acrylamide (AM) as precursors.
Solvent-free synthesis of organic electrodes for green sustainable energy storage
Authors: Yu Haiping , Xiong Jiakui , Wu Chuanguang , Hu Mingjun , Liu Jingru , Yang Jun
Published: March 2024

The five types of solvent-free synthesis and applications in various fields of energy storage for organic electrodes.
Fenton-mediated thermocatalytic conversion of CO2 to acetic acid by industrial waste-derived magnetite nanoparticles
Authors: Kaushik Jaidev , Lamba Nicky Kumar , Kumar Vishrant , Sonker Amit Kumar , Sonkar Sumit Kumar
Published: March 2024

Steel industry waste-derived rod-like Fe3O4-NPs were used for thermo-catalytic reduction of CO2 to acetic acid in aqueous-H2O2 medium. H2O2 facilitates the reaction by generating high concentrations of OH˙ and H+/˙, supporting high acetic acid yield.
Light-activated g-C3N4 photoelectrodes with a selective molecular sieve for in vivo quantification of oxygen levels in the living mouse brain
Authors: Da Yifan , Sun Qi , Zhang Limin , Tian Yang
Published: March 2024

(A) Schematic illustration of the photoelectrode construction for in vivo detection in the mouse brain. (B) Schematic illustration of the mechanism for the detection of O2 by the developed photoelectrode.
Nickel, copper, and zinc dinuclear helicates: how do bulky groups influence their architecture?
Authors: Fernández-Fariña Sandra , Maneiro Marcelino , Zaragoza Guillermo , Seco José M. , Pedrido Rosa , González-Noya Ana M.
Published: March 2024

The number and position of bulky groups in the skeleton of the ligand precursor influence whether helicates or mesocates are obtained.
Rhodium-catalysed additive-free carbonylation of benzamides with diethyl dicarbonate as a carbonyl source
Authors: Suzuki Hirotsugu , Kiyobe Seigo , Matsuda Takanori
Published: March 2024

A rhodium-catalysed carbonylation of benzamides has been developed by employing diethyl dicarbonate as a stable and easy-to-handle carbonyl source.
Preferential electrostatic interactions of phosphatidic acid with arginines
Authors: Thomas Nidhin , Combs Wesley , Mandadapu Kranthi K. , Agrawal Ashutosh
Published: March 2024

Phosphatidic acid (PA) is an anionic lipid that preferentially interacts with proteins in a diverse set of cellular processes such as transport, apoptosis, and neurotransmission.
Fast response flexible humidity sensors based on Ti3C2Tx MXene-heterostructures for multifunctional applications
Authors: Han Yutong , Cao Huina , Cao Yuzhong , Wen Xiaolu , Yao Yu , Zhu Zhigang
Published: March 2024

The designed Ti3C2Tx/SnO2 humidity sensors are endowed with rapid response time and excellent sensing performance, which also display the great potential for the applications of real-time respiratory monitoring and non-contact measurements.
New Practical Attacks on GEA‐1 Based on a New‐Found Weakness
Authors: Wu Zheng , Ding Lin , Li Zhengting , Wang Xinhai , Guan Ziyu
Published: March 2024

GEA‐1, a proprietary stream cipher, was initially designed and used to protect against eavesdropping general packet radio service (GPRS) between the phone and the base station. Now, a variety of current mobile phones still support this standard cipher. In this paper, a structural weakness of the GEA‐1 stream cipher that has not been found in previous works is discovered and analyzed. That is the probability that two different inputs of GEA‐1 generate the identical keystream can be up to 2−7.30, which is quite high compared with an ideal stream cipher that generates random sequences. Based on this newfound weakness, a new practical distinguishing attack on GEA‐1 is proposed, which shows that the keystreams generated by GEA‐1 are far from random and can be easily distinguished with a practical time cost. After then, a new practical key recovery attack on GEA‐1 is presented. It has a time complexity of 221.02 GEA‐1 encryptions and requires only seven related keys, which is much less than the existing related key attack on GEA‐1. The experimental results show that GEA‐1 can be broken within about 41.75 s on a common PC in the related key setting. These cryptanalytic results show that GEA‐1 cannot provide enough security and should be immediately prohibited to be supported in the massive GPRS devices.
TheFermi-LAT view of the changing-look blazar OQ 334
Authors: Ren S. S. , Zhou R. X. , Zheng Y. G. , Kang S. J. , Wu Q.
Published: March 2024

Context.Unusually, there are still certain characteristics of the changing-look (CL) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) that remain undetected. Consequently, the trigger mechanism behind the CL phenomenon observed in partial AGNs remains unknown.

Aims.We explore the light curve and spectral energy distribution (SED) of the CL blazar OQ 334 as obtained byFermi-LAT.

Methods.By examining the variability of the equivalent width (EW), we categorise theFermi-LAT light curves of OQ 334 during the epoch of MJD 54628−58677 into seven distinct epochs, including the flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) state, the transition state, and the BL Lac state. We obtained both aFermi-LAT SED and a multi-wavelength SED for each of these distinct epochs.

Results.The source exhibits a transformation from a quiescent state to a highly active state, as evidenced by the variability of the EW. The multi-wavelength SEDs display a prominent external Compton characteristic, even though theFermi-LAT SED reveals both a FSRQ and a BL Lac state across the seven different epochs. To gain further insights, we employed a leptonic model that takes into account the soft photon fields originating from both synchrotron radiation and the external environment. By simulating the multi-wavelength SEDs for each epoch, we uncover the following results. Firstly, the energy density of the external photon fields evolves in an oscillatory manner over the seven different epochs. Also, the energy density of the external photon fields in the BL Lac state is lower than that in the FSRQ state.

Conclusions.These findings suggest that the CL blazar represents a unique phase in the blazar sequence. Considering that the energy density of the external photon fields is proportional to the accretion rate, we propose that evidence for the interconversion of advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) discs and standard Shakura–Sunyaev discs (SSDs), – as variations in accretion modes in the CL blazar – can be obtained through observations byFermi-LAT.
Evidence of extended [CII] and dust emission in local dwarf galaxies
Authors: Romano M. , Donevski D. , Junais  , Nanni A. , Ginolfi M. , Jones G. C. , Shivaei I. , Lorenzon G. , Hamed M. , Salak D. , Sawant P.
Published: March 2024

Aims. The evolution of dwarf galaxies is dramatically affected by gaseous and dusty outflows, which can easily deprive their interstellar medium of the material needed for the formation of new stars, simultaneously enriching their surrounding circumgalactic medium (CGM). In this Letter, we present the first evidence of extended [CII] 158 μm line and dust continuum emission in local dwarf galaxies hosting star-formation-driven outflows.

Methods. By stacking the [CII], far-infrared, and near-UV (NUV) emission obtained from Herschel and GALEX data, we derived the average radial profiles, and compared the spatial extension of gas, dust, and stellar activity in dwarf galaxies.

Results. We find that [CII] and dust emissions are comparable to each other, and more extended than the NUV continuum. The [CII] size is in agreement with that measured for z >  4 star-forming galaxies, suggesting that similar mechanisms could be at the origin of the observed atomic carbon reservoir around local and high-z sources. The cold dust follows the [CII] emission, going beyond the stellar continuum as opposed to what is typically observed in the early Universe where measurements can be affected by the poor sensitivity and faintness of dust emission in the CGM of high-z galaxies.

Conclusions. We attribute the extended [CII] and dust continuum emission to the presence of galactic outflows. As local dwarf galaxies are considered analogs of primordial sources, we expect that comparable feedback processes can be at the origin of the observed [CII] halos at z >  4, dominating over other possible formation mechanisms.
Analysis of thermophysical parameters of solar water desalination plant with an external camera
Authors: Rakhimov N. , Akhmadov Kh. , Komilov A. , Rashidov K. , Aliyarova L.
Published: March 2024

In this work, an analysis of the thermophysical processes taking place inside a specially designed chamber with a geometry different from other works was carried out. This process is designed in COMSOL Multiphysics software. Boundary conditions were investigated for ambient temperature of 293.15 K and solar radiation of 1000 W/m2. The process was taken as natural convection. In this case, the flow of air with high humidity inside the solar water heater was analyzed. It can be seen that the air temperature rises to 450 K. At the same time, the speed of moist air inside the chamber, heat flow and other thermophysical quantities were determined and analyzed.
Reasons for the low productivity of the Bashkirian stage oil deposits on the southwestern slope of the South Tatar arch
Authors: Korolev Eduard , Eskin Aleksey , Korolev Albert , Barieva Enza , Zamaletdinov Roman
Published: March 2024

Oil deposits of the Bashkirian stage of low-amplitude uplifts on the southwestern slope of the South Tatar arch are considered. It has been established that in the sections of the Bashkirian stage, only the upper two oil deposits are potentially productive. The reservoir rocks are composed of leached packstone-grainstone. The oil productivity of the upper oil reservoir is determined by the intensity of leaching of carbonate rocks and the nature of oil saturation, while the lower one is determined by the degree of oxidation of oils and the manifestation of secondary mineralization. Oxidation of oil from the lower reservoir oil deposit is associated with the penetration of peripheral stratal water enriched with sulphate ions and magnesium ions. Deposition of diagenetic calcite, dolomite and gypsum-anhydrite aggregates in previously formed leaching caverns leads to a decrease in porosity and connectivity within reservoir layers. For low-amplitude uplifts, there is a tendency for oil productivity to decrease as the proportion of diagenetic mineralization increases.
Integration K-Means clustering and AHP for recommendations batik MSMEs
Authors: Kustiyahningsih Yeni , Khozaimi Achmad , Khotimah Bain Khusnul , Ainiyah Afwatul , Sari Mega Maryam , Maghfiroh Imamatul , Insani Alfini Nuril , Lutfiyah Rosita Dewi
Published: March 2024

Batik MSME industry is a creative industry sector in Indonesia which contributes quite a lot to Gross Domestic Product. Batik products have been recognized worldwide as one of creative products from Indonesia by UNESCO which confirmed batik as an intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. There are around 250 batik makers in Madura Indonesia. The problem is that the large number of batik craftsmen makes it difficult for cooperatives to determine MSME priorities and the Cooperative Work Program. Some batik indicator data is not all filled and there is still categorical and numerical data. The aim is to group batik based on the number of workers, number of products, age, education, business license, turnover, and number of batik motifs. The method used is data preprocessing using Min-Max normalization to convert categorical data into numerical and averages to overcome imputation of empty data. The data grouping method uses K-Means Clustering. AHP is used to determine indicators that have most influence on clustering and ranking of Batik MSMEs. The research contribution is integration of K-Means with AHP and preprocessing techniques. The most optimal cluster evaluation technique uses SSE. Based on the test results, the optimal cluster is K=3, with an SSE value = 0.287, Cluster 1 (Low) = 28%, Cluster 2 (medium) = 33%, and cluster 3 (High) = 39%. The results of recommendations for four highest weighting criteria using AHP are number of customers 24%, employee training 18.8%, product branding 17%, market place 16.3%.
Optimization of Javanese Long Pepper (Piper retrofractumVahl) extract nanoparticles as an aphrodisiac preparation
Authors: Rahman Askur , Sumarlan Sumardi Hadi , Sukardi  , Pranowo Dodyk
Published: March 2024

Piper retrofractumVahl contains piperine compounds that, once extracted, have the disadvantages of low solubility and bioavailability. The enhanced solubility will significantly impact the absorption of medications in the body, resulting in rapid and noticeable results. Nanoparticle technology was developed to overcome this problem. The research aims to obtain optimum conditions for synthesizing Javanese long pepper extract nanoparticles under optimal particle size, Polydispersity Index (PDI), and piperine content. The research employed the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method utilizing Central Composite Design (CCD) with a ratio factor of chitosan:STTP and the stirring speed. The utilization of RSM facilitated the optimization of nanoparticle manufacturing by considering various treatment parameters. RMS was selected due to its relevance as a tool for optimizing the manufacturing process of nanoparticles. The RMS result represents the optimal state of the nanoparticle manufacturing process, effectively addressing the study objectives. The research findings indicated that the most favorable circumstances for producing nanoparticles from Javanese long pepper extract were achieved with a chitosan:STTP ratio of 3,241:1 and a stirring speed of 826,133 rpm. The nanoparticles were obtained under these specific conditions, resulting in an optimal particle size of 33,884 nm, an optimal Polydispersity Index (PDI) of 0.675, and an optimal piperine content of 26,936%. This research provides valuable insights for the community and the pharmaceutical/herbal sector regarding using piperine compounds as therapeutic substances. Specifically, it highlights their potential to enhance bioavailability and absorption in the body.
Assessment of Factor VIII Activity and D-Dimer Levels in the Post-COVID Period
Authors: Kovac Mirjana , Balint Milena Todorovic , Milenkovic Marija , Basaric Dusica , Tomic Branko , Balint Bela , Ignjatovic Vera
Published: March 2024

Changes in the hemostatic system during COVID infection lead to hypercoagulability. Numerous studies have evaluated hemostatic abnormalities in COVID patients during acute infection, in the period of hospitalization. However, the hemostatic status following hospital discharge has not been sufficiently assessed. Considering the importance of FVIII and D-dimer levels as markers for the assessment of thrombosis, our study aimed to evaluate changes in these markers, as well as the influence of patient's age and clinical presentation of COVID infection on those hemostatic markers in the post-COVID phase. This prospective study (July 2020 to December 2022) included 115 COVID patients, 68 (59%) with asymptomatic/mild and 47 (41%) with moderate/severe clinical presentation. Patient follow-up included laboratory evaluation of FVIII and D-dimer levels at 1, 3, and 6 months following the COVID infection. Three months after the COVID infection, elevated FVIII was recorded in 44% of younger versus 65% of older individuals, p = 0.05, respectively, and 30 versus 57% (p = 0.008) 6 months post–COVID infection. With a focus on clinical presentation, a higher number of patients with moderate/severe COVID had elevated FVIII activity, but a statistically significant difference was observed only for the 6 months (32% mild vs. 53% moderate/severe, p = 0.041) post-infection time point. Following a COVID infection, an increase in FVIII activity suggests a continued hypercoagulable state in the post-COVID period and correlates with elevated D-dimer levels. This increase in FVIII is more pronounced in patients with moderate/severe clinical picture and those patients older than 50 years.
Technical assessment of resolution of handheld ultrasound devices and clinical implications
Authors: Herzog Moritz , Arsova Maia , Matthes Katja , Husman Julia , Toppe David , Kober Julian , Trittler Tönnis , Swist Daniel , Dorausch Edgar Manfred Gustav , Urbig Antje , Fettweis Gerhard Paul , Brinkmann Franz , Martens Nora , Schmelz Renate , Kampfrath Nicole , Hampe Jochen
Published: March 2024

Purpose Since handheld ultrasound devices are becoming increasingly ubiquitous, objective criteria to determine image quality are needed. We therefore conducted a comparison of objective quality measures and clinical performance.

Material and Methods A comparison of handheld devices (Butterfly IQ+, Clarius HD, Clarius HD3, Philips Lumify, GE VScan Air) and workstations (GE Logiq E10, Toshiba Aplio 500) was performed using a phantom. As a comparison, clinical investigations were performed by two experienced ultrasonographers by measuring the resolution of anatomical structures in the liver, pancreas, and intestine in ten subjects.

Results Axial full width at half maximum resolution (FWHM) of 100µm phantom pins at depths between one and twelve cm ranged from 0.6–1.9mm without correlation to pin depth. Lateral FWHM resolution ranged from 1.3–8.7mm and was positively correlated with depth (r=0.6). Axial and lateral resolution differed between devices (p<0.001) with the lowest median lateral resolution observed in the E10 (5.4mm) and the lowest axial resolution (1.6mm) for the IQ+ device. Although devices showed no significant differences in most clinical applications, ultrasonographers were able to differentiate a median of two additional layers in the wall of the sigmoid colon and one additional structure in segmental portal fields (p<0.05) using cartwheel devices.

Conclusion While handheld devices showed superior or similar performance in the phantom and routine measurements, workstations still provided superior clinical imaging and resolution of anatomical substructures, indicating a lack of objective measurements to evaluate clinical ultrasound devices.
Recent Outcomes of Surgical Redo Aortic Valve Replacement in Prosthetic Valve Failure
Authors: Kang Yoonjin , Soehartono Nazla Amanda , Choi Jae Woong , Kim Kyung Hwan , Hwang Ho Young , Kim Joon Bum , Kim Hong Rae , Lee Seung Hyun , Cho Yang Hyun
Published: March 2024

Background As redo surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) is relatively high risk, valve-in-valve transcatheter AVR has emerged as an alternative for failed prostheses. However, the majority of studies are outdated. This study assessed the current clinical outcomes of redo AVR.

Methods and Results This study enrolled 324 patients who underwent redo AVR due to prosthetic valve failure from 2010 to 2021 in four tertiary centers. The primary outcome was operative mortality. The secondary outcomes were overall survival, cardiac death, and aortic valve-related events. Logistic regression analysis, clustered Cox proportional hazards models, and competing risk analysis were used to evaluate the independent risk factors. Redo AVR was performed in 242 patients without endocarditis and 82 patients with endocarditis. Overall operative mortality was 4.6% (15 deaths). Excluding patients with endocarditis, the operative mortality of redo AVR decreased to 2.5%. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that endocarditis (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.990, p = 0.014), longer cardiopulmonary bypass time (HR: 1.006, p = 0.037), and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (HR: 0.956, p = 0.034) were risk factors of operative mortality. Endocarditis and lower LVEF were independent predictors of overall survival.

Conclusion The relatively high risk of redo AVR was due to reoperation for prosthetic valve endocarditis. The outcomes of redo AVR for nonendocarditis are excellent. Our findings suggest that patients without endocarditis, especially with acceptable LVEF, can be treated safely with redo AVR.
The FeBr3-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Styrene Derivatives under Mild Reaction Conditions
Authors: Hilt Gerhard , Kail Sascha
Published: March 2024

The transfer hydrogenation of alkenes was realized by using a simple transition-metal compound (FeBr3) and 1,4-cyclohexadiene (1,4-CHD) as the hydrogen donor. The conversion of a number of di- and trisubstituted alkenes was investigated, and even a tetrasubstituted alkene was successfully converted. Compared with previously published work with the more expensive InBr3, the reaction times were considerably reduced and significantly milder reaction conditions could be applied. Interestingly, a transformation that was catalytic in 1,4-CHD, with molecular hydrogen as a stoichiometric reducing agent at 1 bar, was also accomplished.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosis with Extensive Cutaneous Gangrene with Cutaneous Cytomegalovirus Infection : A case report
Authors: Gopasetty M S , Kumar P , Krishnanand G , Arunkumar G , Balachandran C , Bhaskara K G
Published: March 2024

Thirty one - year - old female, a case of extensive gangrene of the skin due to systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) with cytomegalovirus wound infection is presented as the fourth case of SLE and CNlv infection of the skin in the available literature. Diagnosis of SLE was confirmed by significant titers of antinuclear antibodies, antibodies against double stranded DNA (anti ds DNA) and by demonstration of lupus band in the biopsy from the normal skin (by direct immunoflourescence technique). Diagnosis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in the wound was made because ofthe presence of characteristic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the endothelial cells of the biopsy specimen. It was confirmed by detection of CMV antigen in the frozen section of the specimen by immunoflourescence technique and also by detection of antigen in the blood by ELISA.. Extensive gangrene of the skin in a case of SLE with CMV wound infection without systemic involvement makes this case very unusual. The cutaneous lesions associate with CMV infection is discussed.
Report of a New Pediatric Patient with the SLC1A4 Variant and a Brief Review of the Literature
Authors: Yalçın Hatice Yelda , Cinleti Tayfun , Yeşilyurt Ahmet , Aydın Nihal
Published: March 2024

Spastic tetraplegia, thin corpus callosum, and progressive microcephaly (SPATCCM) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the onset of those features and severely impaired global development in early infancy, and caused by biallelic deleterious SLC1A4 variants. SLC1A4 encodes for the neutral amino acid transporter, ASCT1, which is necessary for L-serine and D-serine cellular transport to neurons. The objective of this study was to contribute to the genotype–phenotype correlation of SLC1A4 variants. We evaluated a Turkish patient presenting with SPATCCM without seizures and reviewed all previously reported cases of the SLC1A4 mutation. Whole exome sequencing revealed a missense biallelic p.R457W variant in SLC1A4 in a child of Palestinian origin. We suggest that the SLC1A4 should be considered in the diagnosis of unexplained severe early-onset neurodevelopmental impairment, progressive microcephaly, and spastic tetraparesis with or without epilepsy, regardless of ethnicity and encourage the analysis of SLC1A4 variants via molecular genetic testing. The presence or absence of epilepsy should not distract from the diagnosis.
Ultrasound-Guided Occipital Nerve Block in the Management of Refractory Headache and Its Outcomes: A Prospective Study
Authors: Kalra Yashika , Naik Shailendra Singh , Thangavelu Arun Prakash , Sivarajan Armel Arputha , Sachar Sudhir
Published: March 2024

Purpose Headache severely impacts health and lifestyle, causing distress and leading to accommodative changes in affected individuals. Treatment options available for refractory headache range from a conservative approach to advanced forms. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided occipital nerve block (ONB) in the management of refractory headaches using visual analog scale (VAS) score and Barrow Neurological Institute Pain Intensity Score (BNIPIS).

Methods A study sample of 30 eligible patients with refractory headaches including occipital neuralgia, migraine, tension headache, cluster headache, and vascular headaches aged between 18 and 65 years were included in our study. VAS and BNIPIS were noted for each patient before and after the procedure. ONB was given around the target nerve under aseptic precaution. Two milliliters of 0.5% bupivacaine was used as an injection solution for all patients.

Results The mean VAS score in acute pain at pre-treatment and post-treatment after 24 hours and 3 months was found as 7.53, 1.53, and 3.20, whereas in chronic pain the score was 8.13, 3.07, and 5.87, respectively. Pre-treatment pain levels in acute and chronic subjects in BNIPIS IV and V category shifted to category I and II after 24 hours (postinjection) that later were recorded II and III, respectively, after 3 months.

Conclusion Standard treatment guidelines are given by the international headache association for the management of headaches. The use of ONB is well advocated and practiced for a long time. In our study, we found that the use of greater occipital nerve block reduced pain levels affecting VAS and BNIPIS, which was more effective in acute cases than in chronic cases.
Managing open innovation with science-based vs. market-based partners: board of directors as a contingency
Authors: Wu Jie , Pangarkar Nitin , Shi Xiaohui , Liu Zhiyang , Wu Zefu
Published: March 2024

Drawing on the open innovation literature, we examine the relationship between alliances with science-based and market-based partners on the one hand, and impactful and lower-impact innovations, on the other hand. Specifically, we predict that alliances with science-based partners will boost impactful innovations while alliances with market-based partners will boost low-impact innovations. We also examine how the social capital of the Board of Directors moderates these relationships. We base our analyses on a large dataset of Chinese firms constructed from diverse sources and find strong support for our hypothesized relationships. We identify the theoretical and managerial implications of our study.
Multi-state nonvolatile capacitances in HfO2-based ferroelectric capacitor for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Wu Shuyu , Zhang Xumeng , Cao Rongrong , Zhou Keji , Lu Jikai , Li Chao , Yang Yang , Shang Dashan , Wei Yingfen , Jiang Hao , Liu Qi
Published: March 2024

In the last decade, HfO2-based ferroelectric capacitors (FeCaps) have undergone significant advancements, particularly within the realm of nonvolatile ferroelectric random access memories (FeRAMs). Nonetheless, the READ operation in FeRAMs is inherently destructive, rendering it unsuitable for neuromorphic computing. In this study, we have engineered tunable nonvolatile capacitances within FeCaps, featuring nondestructive readout functionality. Robust capacitance states can be read at a zero d.c. bias (Vbias) with different a.c. signals, not only preventing the alteration of their stored state but also benefiting to the low power consumption. Moreover, the capacitance memory window (CMW) at Vbias of zero can be effectively modulated through electrode engineering, leading to a larger CMW when there is a greater disparity in work functions between the electrodes. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive investigation into synaptic behavior of TiN/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/Pt FeCaps, demonstrating their excellent cycle-to-cycle uniformity, retention, and endurance characteristics, which confirm their high reliability in maintaining nonvolatile capacitance states. These findings underscore the significant potential of FeCaps in advancing low-power neuromorphic computing.
Experimental and numerical investigation of droplet–fiber interaction on mechanically excited fiber
Authors: Schwarzwaelder A. , Freese F. , Meyer J. , Loganathan K. , Tietze H. , Dittler A. , Janoske U.
Published: March 2024

In this study, for the first time, the droplet–fiber interaction on a mechanically excited fiber is examined in the direction of the fiber axis. Highly spatially and temporally resolved simulations and experimental investigations provide information on the relative position of the center of the projected area of the droplet and the center of the fiber, the relative angular position, and the deformation of the droplet using a skeleton line. To attain this, a state-of-the-art camera technology was employed in the experiments, while the volume of fluid method was utilized for the modeling of the multi-phase flow. Additionally, an overset method for the movement of the fiber was applied in the computational fluid dynamics simulations. Characteristic motion patterns, whether occurring in isolation, in sequence, or superimposed, are identified, representing a prerequisite for the detachment of the droplet from the fiber. Despite the simplified assumption of a two-dimensional simulation, the motion patterns observed in the simulation are in good agreement with the experimental data. The obtained results contribute to a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the detachment of a droplet in the context of the droplet–fiber interaction within the excited coalescence filters.
Phase transitions of choline dihydrogen phosphate: A vibrational spectroscopy and periodic DFT study
Authors: Paschoal Vitor H. , Ribeiro Mauro C. C.
Published: March 2024

Choline dihydrogen phosphate, [Chol][H2PO4], is a proton-conducting ionic plastic crystal exhibiting a complicated sequence of phase transitions. Here, we address the argument in the literature around the thermal properties of [Chol][H2PO4] using Raman and infrared microspectroscopy. The known structure of the low-temperature crystal, which contains the anti-conformer of [Chol]+ and hydrogen-bonded dimers of anions, was used to do periodic density functional theory calculations of the vibrational frequencies. Raman spectra indicate that the solid–solid transition at 20 °C is linked to a conformational change to the gauche [Chol] conformer with a concurrent local rearrangement of the anions. The distinct bands of lattice modes in the low-frequency range of the Raman spectra vanish at the 20 °C transition. Given the ease with which metastable crystals can be produced, Raman mappings demonstrate that a sample of [Chol][H2PO4] at ambient temperature can contain a combination of anti- and gauche conformers. Heating to 120 °C causes continuous changes in the local environment of anions rather than melting as suggested by a recent calorimetric investigation of [Chol][H2PO4]. The monotonic change in vibrational spectra is consistent with earlier observations of a very small entropy of fusion and no abrupt jump in the temperature dependence of ionic conductivity along the phase transitions of [Chol][H2PO4].
Understanding the voltage-induced electrowetting and microfluidic droplet movement phenomena on a Teflon-on-flexible (TOF) substrate
Authors: Bhattacharya Debopam , Chakraborty Subhadip , Karmakar Anupam , Chattopadhyay Sanatan
Published: March 2024

The current work focuses on the basic principle of voltage-induced electrowetting and relevant movement of the microfluidic droplets. The prototype of microfluidic devices are fabricated on the Teflon-on-flexible substrate. Three different liquid droplets, namely, the de-ionized (DI) water, sucrose (aq.) solution, and eugenol, have been studied for such purpose within the voltage range of 1–16 V. Electrowetting and subsequent changes in contact angle are extensively investigated with the modification of “work of adhesion” and “work of cohesion” upon application of external voltage. The liquid droplet is positioned on the dielectric-hydrophobic layer which also separates it from the metal electrodes. Eugenol exhibits more susceptibility to electrowetting compared to sucrose solution and DI water. Consequently, sucrose (aq.) solution and DI water show comparatively more droplet displacement. The “work of spreading” for the liquids under test on Teflon surface is obtained. The spreading of eugenol starts at relatively low voltages than sucrose (aq.) solution and DI water. Eugenol follows the Young–Lippmann equation, i.e., linear relation between {cos(θv) − cos(θ0)} with voltage2 (V2); however, sucrose (aq.) solution and DI water deviate from such nature. Here, θ0 and θv are the initial and voltage modified contact angles, respectively. Thus, the current study provides an accurate approach to analyze the interaction of solid–liquid surfaces and its consequent effect upon application of external voltages.
Emerging experimental methods to study the thermodynamics of biomolecular condensate formation
Authors: Ray Soumik , Buell Alexander K.
Published: March 2024

The formation of biomolecular condensates in vivo is increasingly recognized to underlie a multitude of crucial cellular functions. Furthermore, the evolution of highly dynamic protein condensates into progressively less reversible assemblies is thought to be involved in a variety of disorders, from cancer over neurodegeneration to rare genetic disorders. There is an increasing need for efficient experimental methods to characterize the thermodynamics of condensate formation and that can be used in screening campaigns to identify and rationally design condensate modifying compounds. Theoretical advances in the field are also identifying the key parameters that need to be measured in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the underlying interactions and driving forces. Here, we review recent progress in the development of efficient and quantitative experimental methods to study the driving forces behind and the temporal evolution of biomolecular condensates.
Geometric control analysis of the unsteady aerodynamics of a pitching–plunging airfoil in dynamic stall
Authors: Pla Olea L. , Taha H. E.
Published: March 2024

Geometric control theory is the application of differential geometry to the study of nonlinear dynamical systems. This control theory permits an analytical study of nonlinear interactions between control inputs, such as symmetry breaking or force and motion generation in unactuated directions. This paper studies the unsteady aerodynamics of a harmonically pitching–plunging airfoil in a geometric control framework. The problem is formulated using the Beddoes–Leishman model, a semi-empirical state space model that characterizes the unsteady lift and drag forces of a two-dimensional airfoil. In combination with the averaging theorem, the application of a geometric control formulation to the problem enables an analytical study of the nonlinear dynamics behind the unsteady aerodynamic forces. The results show lift enhancement when oscillating near stall and thrust generation in the post-stall flight regime, with the magnitude of these force generation mechanisms depending on the parameters of motion. These findings demonstrate the potential of geometric control theory as a heuristic tool for the identification and discovery of unconventional phenomena in unsteady flows.
Experimental measurement of a multi-pole magnetorheological fluid clutch under air cooling
Authors: Wu Jie , Liu Yuhang , Xie Hongyang
Published: March 2024

Thermal characteristics have a profound effect on the allowable slip power and torque transmission stability of magnetorheological (MR) fluid devices. This paper investigates the thermal properties of a multi-pole MR clutch under different heat dissipation methods. First, the structure of the clutch is described, and heat generation and heat dissipation of the designed clutch are studied theoretically. Then, a numerical model is established, and several simulations are conducted on steady-state and transient temperatures under various operation conditions. After that, a temperature testing platform for the MR clutch is built, and several temperature experiments are carried out. The results show that the allowable steady-state slip power of the clutch under natural air cooling is about 147 W. Under forced air cooling, the allowable steady-state slip powers are 1.295, 1.555, and 1.790 kW, respectively, when the wind speeds are 3.5, 7.0, and 10.5 m/s. Furthermore, it turned out that the transmission torque of the MR clutch decreases with the increase in temperature. The experimental and simulated values of temperature are in good agreement in terms of numerical values and trends, indicating that the established temperature field simulation model can better reflect the temperature characteristics of the actual operation of the proposed multi-pole MR clutch. This research achievement can provide support for research on heat dissipation technology for MR devices with multiple excitation sources.
Force matching and iterative Boltzmann inversion coarse grained force fields for ZIF-8
Authors: Alvares Cecilia M. S. , Semino Rocio
Published: March 2024

Despite the intense activity at electronic and atomistic resolutions, coarse grained (CG) modeling of metal–organic frameworks remains largely unexplored. One of the main reasons for this is the lack of adequate CG force fields. In this work, we present iterative Boltzmann inversion and force matching (FM) force fields for modeling ZIF-8 at three different coarse grained resolutions. Their ability to reproduce structure, elastic tensor, and thermal expansion is evaluated and compared with that of MARTINI force fields considered in previous work [Alvares et al., J. Chem. Phys. 158, 194107 (2023)]. Moreover, MARTINI and FM are evaluated for their ability to depict the swing effect, a subtle phase transition ZIF-8 undergoes when loaded with guest molecules. Overall, we found that all our force fields reproduce structure reasonably well. Elastic constants and volume expansion results are analyzed, and the technical and conceptual challenges of reproducing them are explained. Force matching exhibits promising results for capturing the swing effect. This is the first time these CG methods, widely applied in polymer and biomolecule communities, are deployed to model porous solids. We highlight the challenges of fitting CG force fields for these materials.
Particle-scale analysis on dynamic response of turbidity currents to sediment concentration and bedforms
Authors: Lu Yang , Liu Xiaolei , Xie Xiaotian , Sun Junkai , Yang Yuping , Guo Xingsen
Published: March 2024

The evolution of turbidity currents covers multiple physical processes, such as fluid entrainment, self-acceleration, and sediment deposition, which are associated with sediment particle behaviors and yet not well understood. This study uses a fully coupled computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method model to investigate the particle-scale dynamics of turbidity currents and their responses to different bedforms. Results show that the turbidity currents controlled by viscous drag exhibit distinct flow features, including changes in morphology, velocity evolution, and other fluid/particle kinematic indicators, depending on their initial particle volume concentration. An increase in initial particle volume concentration enhances the fluid/particle motions accompanied by generating interfacial Kelvin–Helmholtz waves. The fluid/particle indicators, with the exception of the energy loss for particle–bed collisions, have strong relevance with particle concentrations, which can be described by linear or power-law functions. Furthermore, specific bedforms play unique roles in the propagation process and deposition pattern of turbidity currents. Slope beds enhance the motion, suspension, and collision of sediment particles, and cause wave-shaped sediment deposits along the slope particularly in the high-concentration case. By comparison, weakening of particle migration on obstructed and wavy beds is accentuated by blocking effects, mainly resulting from the convex bed morphology. However, the continuously convex and concave features diminish the blocking effect of wavy beds by intensifying particle motions along the lee sides of wave-shaped bumps. The particle-scale dynamics of turbidity currents is linked to the relative sizes of the underlying bedforms, which should be noted and further studied in our future work.
Head-on impact-driven coalescence and mixing of drops of different polymeric materials
Authors: Bera Arka , Sivasankar Vishal Sankar , Das Siddhartha
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we employ direct numerical simulations for studying the dynamics of two different, but miscible polymeric drops undergoing impact-driven coalescence with one of the drops making a head-on collision on an underlying drop. We consider two separate cases: (1) a PMMA (poly-methylmethacrylate) drop impacting a PVAc (polyvinyl acetate) drop and (2) a PVAc drop impacting a PMMA drop. For each case, three separate Weber numbers (We = 0, 1, 10) are considered. The interplay of finite impact speed and the specific wetting characteristic of the underlying drop leads to fascinating fluid dynamics. For example, for the case of the PMMA drop impacting on the PVAc drop, the strong wetting behavior of the PVAc drop ensures the impact-driven formation of an accelerated disk consisting of separate layers of PMMA and PVAc. Also, there is the generation of significant capillary waves at the drop–air interface, which in turn causes significant undulations of the drop–drop interface created due to such head-on collision. On the other hand, for the case of the PVAc drop impacting on the PMMA drop, the relatively weaker wetting behavior of the PMMA drop ensures that there is no formation of an accelerated disk; rather (for large We), the PVAc drop flows on top of the PMMA drop, forms a “canopy-like” structure, and wets the solid forming a transient core–shell structure (with PMMA core and PVAc shell). Our results raise the possibility of fabricating highly complicated multi-polymeric-material components by rapid curing of the drops in their post-impact configurations.